bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Bajo community settlement patterns case study of Bone Regency
Authors: Arisaputri S B N , Budimawan B , Selamat M B , Lampe Munsi , Naping H , Rukmana D
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to: assess the social culture of Bajo community and examine Bajo community factors moving from sea to land and describe the pattern of settlement space between Bajo Tribe at the sea level and Bajo Tribe on land. This research was a descriptive study with a qualitative inductive approach. This research was conducted in February 2020 with the type of data collected were primary and secondary data. This study shows that changes in the pattern of Bajo community settlements in Kelurahan Bajoe are influenced by several aspects including the social changes in Bajo community (social interaction, orientation to livelihoods, the use of Bajo local language, and there has been a change in settlement patterns because they are driven by the desire to live on land, activities such as trade and education, and the affordability of raw materials on land, changes in settlement patterns (settlement patterns, building orientation, building shape and building use).
The bathymetry of coral reef area at Bonetambung Island (optical and hydroacoustical comparison to nautical chart)
Authors: Muhiddin A H , Selamat M B
Published: September 2020

Base-on time efficiency, cost, and wide coverage area, bathymetry mapping with a hydroacoustic measurement on a small island were avoided; only remote sensing surveys were conducted. Therefore, comparing the bathymetry map of Bonetambung Island, from Hydroacoustic data with that from Landsat 8 OLI images, is essential. Hydroacoustic measurements were carried out in September 2013, while Landsat 8 Satellite Imagery was recorded on April 25, 2018. After being corrected, Kriging (K) and Natural Neighbor (NN) interpolations methods were performed on both data. The 95% ANOVA test, conducted in a previous study, showed that the average depth for the two interpolation results did not differ significantly for the depth range of 0-5m. However, for the 0-30m depth range, this study shows that the accuracy of interpolation hydroacoustic data is much better with the range of RMSE = 0.8-1.2m, ME = 0.4-0.7m, and range of RMSE = 0.8-1.3, ME = 0.4-0.7 for each K and NN interpolation methods. On the other hand, only in the depth range of 0-5m, the accuracy of interpolation Landsat 8 OLI data shows a relatively good value with RMSE = 1.1m, ME = 0.8m, and RMSE = 1.1m and ME = 0.8m for the K and NN Methods respectively. The results of hydroacoustic data interpolation and Landsat 8 OLI were then visually compared with Dishidros Nautical chart number 124. It was concluded that although Landsat data can produce bathymetry maps with a wider coverage area, its accuracy is still unreliable compared to bathymetry maps from Hydroacoustic measurements.
Utilization of vessel multi aid (VMA) as a smart fishing technology for small scale fisheries
Authors: Farhum St Aisjah , Paradhita Lantun , Nurul Ihsan Yudi
Published: September 2020

Fishing businesses in Indonesia are generally small-scale fishing fisheries, which is highly dependent on season and weather conditions. In the Palabuhan Ratu, the area of West Java, the capture fisheries mostly operate a fishing boat under 10 GT. Various techniques to increase the success of fishing efforts in Pelabuhan Ratu have been carried out, one of them is by testing the use of vessel multi aid (VMA). The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of fishing aids in increasing the catch of fishermen by using the VMA on several fishing vessels in Pelabuhan Ratu. The experiment was conducted from September to November 2019 on ten payang fishing vessels with a capacity of 2GT - 5 GT, using YUKOM VMA. YUKOM VMA is a fishing aid using radio waves and has features: fishing area information, weather condition information, SOS, which can be used during emergencies and e-logbook for recording catches. The results showed that the average fish catch per trip tended to increase by 58.08% per trip. This suggests that the use of fishing aids technology in the form of VMA in small-scale fishing efforts may be an effective way of increasing the catch.
Estimating potential fishing zones for Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) Abundance in Southern Makassar Strait
Authors: Hidayat Rachmat , Zainuddin Mukti , Mallawa Achmat , Ahmad Mustapha Muzzneena , Safruddin  , Rani Sahni Putri A
Published: September 2020

This study aims to estimate potential fishing zones by estimating the abundance of skipjack fish in the Makassar Strait using satellite data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques. The data used consists of catch coordinates, skipjack catches, oceanographic data from satellite imagery with high-resolution Spectra-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua data (sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a), Etopo1 for depth, and Aviso for the current speed. The prediction of skipjack tuna abundance is calculated by the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) prediction function to determine the best parameters seen from the AIC and GCV value, then mapped using geographic information system techniques by using the multi-regression formula. The results showed that the most potential fishing ground for skipjack tuna in the Makassar Strait was in March 2018 with an estimated abundance of more than 477 fish km−2 at coordinates 118.1297 east longitude and -3.3814 southern latitude. We suggest that efforts to catch Skipjack Tuna are directed to this area for more profitable catches.
Dynamic model; the effects of eutrophication and sedimentation on the degradation of Coral Reefs in Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia
Authors: Faizal A , Amri K , Rani C , Nessa M N , Jompa J
Published: September 2020

Coral reef condition is influenced by many physical, biological, and anthropogenic processes. This research was designed to build a model between nutrient enrichment, sedimentation, and the abundance of herbivorous fish on macroalgae and coral reef coverage within the context of coral reef degradation. The research was conducted in the Spermonde Archipelago. The method used was the field survey method. The data were analyzed by using modeling instrument techniques. The results show that if there is no control over nutrient supply and sedimentation and efforts to increase the density of herbivorous fish, then the condition of coral reefs in Spermonde Archipelago is threatened with severe damage. The condition of coral reefs can be improved by decreasing nutrient supply and sedimentation of 6% each and increasing the herbivorous fish population by 5%.
LIPI COREMAP-CTI Nusa Manggala oceanographic survey, I: oceanic mesozooplankton community from epipelagic zones of North-Eastern part of the Indonesian waters -adjacent to the Southwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: Lukman M , Fitriya N , Prayitno H , Afdal A , Nasir A , Kaisupi T , Avianto P , Hernawan U E
Published: September 2020

During the Indonesia LIPI COREMAP CTI oceanographic survey of RV. Baruna Jaya VIII, at the end of 2018 to the outermost small Islands of the north-eastern part of Indonesia, the mesozooplanktonic community were studied for their structure and distribution along the epipelagic zone of the waters influenced by the movement of the southwest Pacific Oceans water masses. This study aimed at exploring the oceanographic condition of the trophic level of the water’s masses during the end of the dry season in Indonesia. A total of 42 taxonomic groups of mesozooplankton were identified, including general fish larvae and eggs. Calanoida and cyclopoid Copepoda dominated (up to 69%) the structure of all survey points. The composition slightly varied across the survey sites, with the abundance of all groups ranged from 24 to 167 ind. per m3. While the main current follows a pattern of the southwest Pacific Ocean, the planktonic community might highlight the condition of the Ocean.
The consumption rate of tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon) on alive Amphipod-Crustacean
Authors: Sulaeman  , Herlinah  , Parenrengi A
Published: September 2020

Alive amphipod has been considering as potential food for tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon, during growing period in aquaculture pond. The present experiment was aimed at investigating the rate of consumption of tiger prawn juvenile on the adult amphipod crustacean. The consumption rate of tiger prawn was tested at various density levels of amphipod using 2L volume of glass containers. Each container was filled with one liter of sterilized seawater with 30 ppt salinity and included one prawn juvenile. Seven levels of amphipod densities: 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, and 640 ind.L−1 were applied on three ranges of prawn sizes (Total length=TL: 4560mm, 65-80mm, and 85-100mm) as replications. The percentage of amphipod consumed by each prawn during 4 hours of exposure is recorded and presented in tabular and graphical form. The difference effect between treatments was also tested statistically. The results showed that the number of amphipod consumed by each prawn increases significantly (P<0.05) as the density of amphipod increase following the quadratic equation as Y= 3.3843+ 0.9583x-0.0005x2 (R2=0.9934). The optimum density of amphipod based on the equation is 955 ind./L with the maximum consumption at 459.6 ind.prawn−14 hours−1. However, the consumption rate of different sizes of prawns did not show any significant differences (P>0.05). Based on the consumption rate can be concluded that the amphipod-crustacean is suitable as a live food during the grow-out phase of tiger prawn. Nevertheless, more detail about the effect of amphipod on the growth performance of tiger prawn is still needed a more detailed study.
Shear capacity of reinforced concrete deep beams using genetic algorithm
Authors: Wakjira Tadesse , Ibrahim Mohamed , Sajjad Bilal , Ebead Usama
Published: September 2020

It is vital to understand the shear behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) beams in order to avoid a catastrophic shear failure and design for ductile failure. However, due to the complexity in the shear failure mechanism and various parameters influencing the shear behaviour of RC beams, the accuracy in the determination of the shear capacity remains a challenge. In this paper, machine learning and genetic algorithm are utilized to develop an improved shear design equation for RC deep beams without stirrups. The proposed model considers the parameters influencing the shear capacity of beams including concrete compressive strength, cross-sectional dimension of the beams, aspect ratio, and internal reinforcement ratio. The prediction capability of the proposed model has been compared with that of ACI 318 and resulted in a better prediction in terms of safety, accuracy, and economic aspects.
Analysis of Covering Problem Models for Setting the Location of a Ready-Mixed Concrete Plant: Case Study of the Rayong Province, Thailand
Authors: Doungpan Satawat
Published: September 2020

Decision makers must prepare good plans when developing large-scale projects. The Thai government has been increasing economic growth in three provinces under the Eastern Economic Corridor Development Program (EEC). The project includes reconstruction and new construction. This paper aims to find locations for several ready-mixed concrete plants to cover all ready-mixed concrete needs in the Rayong province. The plant location problem could be solved using optimization modelling for a set covering location problem (SCLP) and a maximal covering location problem (MCLP). The results show that two ready-mixed concrete plants location in the Mueang Rayong district and Klaeng district could meet the problem solution.
Performance of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Continuous Beams with Basalt FRP Bars
Authors: Abushanab Abdelrahman , Alnahhal Wael
Published: September 2020

The state of Qatar is suffering from a harsh environment and coastal conditions which stand for most of the year. As a result, steel-reinforced concrete (RC) structures are subjected to rapid corrosion and deterioration. Therefore, there is a necessity to replace the conventional steel reinforcement by fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) composites. Apart from FRP corrosion resistance property, their strength to weight ratio is higher than steel reinforcement which made them a viable alternative to steel reinforcement. This study aims to investigate the flexural behavior of basalt fiber reinforced concrete continuous beams reinforced with basalt FRP (BFRP) bars. Two RC continuous beams with a size of 200 × 300 × 4000 mm were prepared and cured for 28 days. Then, the beams were tested up to failure under five-point loading. The volume fraction of basalt macro-fibers (BMF) was the only investigated parameter in this study. Test results have shown that the addition of BMF in volume fractions of 0.75% improved the crack widths, cracking loads, failure mode, strains and displacements of the beams.
Influence of structural cracking in the seismic response of irregular buildings
Authors: Álvarez K A , Medina M F , Morales C A , Moreno J D
Published: September 2020

The authors present an investigation on the influence of cracking as a structural response due to a seismic event. The main objective is to determine the impact that cracking has in the seismic response of irregular buildings, and the importance of including inertia-reducing factors in the design of buildings. First, it is proposed to estimate the inertia-reducing factor of the beams, columns and cracked walls from their moment-curvature diagrams. Once those are determined, a comparative analysis will be performed between the seismic responses of regular and irregular buildings of different heights taking into account their gross and effective rigidness. Subsequently, when analyzing the drifts of the buildings with cracked structural elements, a variation of up to 59% with regard to the non-cracked ones. This is a very high percentage that directly influences the considerations indicated in the designing codes. To summarize, it is of high importance to consider the inertia-reducing factors during the structural design process.
Correction coefficients of distortion and vibration period for buildings due to soil-structure interaction
Authors: Ticona A M , Rosales M A , Orihuela J D
Published: September 2020

The present research analyzed the influence of the soil structure interaction (SSI) in buildings, varying geotechnical parameters and height, considering 3 international codes. The responses obtained from the structures taking into account the SSI, were compared with the responses of fixed-base buildings, being the main control variables: the period and the drift. It was determined that the estimated range in which the period of the structure increases is from 30 to 98%, demonstrating the influence of considering soil flexibility. Due to the variability of the responses obtained, an adjustment factor is proposed to predict said amplification of the control variables, depending on the height of the building and the ground.
Modeling of Conceptual Public Building Design Factors to enhance Safety of Tourists in Thailand
Authors: Ruengtam Porntip
Published: September 2020

A conceptual public building design framework was modeled using architectural and universal design concepts to enhance the safety of tourists in Thailand. The research method involved informal interviews and observations for the area case study of Koh Yo, Songkhla, Thailand. Interview results were summarized together with related theories from the literature. All factors were collected and listed. Ten experts in related fields confirmed the factors and framework through the technique of a focus group discussion. Findings indicated that tourist characteristics had a positive direct effect on requirements for the safety of public buildings and comprised three sub-factors including (1) general architectural facilities, (2) warning systems, and (3) fire safety and building regulations. Each sub-factor affected tourist safety satisfaction. This framework can be used to quantitatively analyze future policy for the design and management of public buildings to enhance the safety of tourists in Thailand.
Analysis in Integrated Design Potentials Achieving Nearly Zero Energy in Office Buildings in Bangkok Neighborhood
Authors: Lohwanitchai K , Jareemit D
Published: September 2020

This study aims to investigate the energy-saving potentials and design approaches to move the small and medium office buildings in Bangkok neighborhood areas to become the Net-Zero Energy Building (NZEB). The envelope designs, such as increasing the material’s thermal resistance, adding shading devices, and using high energy-efficient systems, together with the electricity production from the photovoltaic cell, are applied in the studied buildings. According to the energy simulation results, with the implementation of current design techniques, the annual energy consumption of office buildings cannot reach the NZEB. However, these design approaches can enforce the maximum building’s energy-saving capability at 88 kWh/m2 that is nearly the Economic Building (ECON). The maximum energy reduction occurs when improving the high thermal performance of the building’s envelope and using high energy-efficient systems. To achieve this challenging target. Future studies should account for more energy-efficient systems as well as the building’s operation schedule.
A Readiness of Areas and Space Planning in Houses Supporting Emergency Services for Fall Injuries in The Elderly
Authors: Supudomkul B , Jareemit D , Khanchaitit P , Janjamlha T
Published: September 2020

The global population structure is currently stepping into an aging society. In the change of the world population structure, critical care of older adults from fall injuries at home is a major public health issue since the falls can lead to disability or death. By reviewing the architectural design research, most studies focus on the design approaches aiming to reduce the risk of fall accidents occurred among the elderly. However, no study has investigated the correlation of architectural design in supporting the medical care of seniors after slip and fall accidents. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate area and space planning of typical three single houses supporting emergency medical care for falling accidents amongst the elderly. The study firstly investigates the activities and the area required for the medical operation by interviewing medical specialists and rescue teams from two hospitals and two related agencies. Then, the activities and area requirements are mapped with the room layout of three typical single houses located in the Bangkok neighborhood areas. It is found that the designed layout and room area of all studied houses inadequately supports for emergency situations, which has only two available areas from a total of thirteen areas. The details of the space availability and obstacles for emergency medical care are discussed and proposed for improving the space planning and layout of the house for future work.
Factor Analysis of Worker Engagement in Construction Projects in Thailand
Authors: Ngowtanasuwan Grit
Published: September 2020

Factor analysis of worker engagement in Thai construction projects was undertaken. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on a sample group of 210 construction project workers in the study area of the northeastern central region of Thailand. Results indicated six factors of worker engagement as (1) relationship and dedication, (2) workplace, (3) part of the company, (4) expertise, (5) pride in work, and (6) relationship with supervisors. Strategies for strengthening worker engagement in construction projects are presented in the conclusions.
Cost perspective for sustainability in Industrialised Building System (IBS) projects
Authors: Mohammad M Z , Ahmad E F , Samsudin N S
Published: September 2020

Since 1998, the Construction Development Industry Berhad (CIDB) has been long promoting Industrialised Building System (IBS) in Malaysia. However, the use of IBS has not achieved an impressive number which only 10% and 50% have widely used in the past said CIDB in 2006. This research study focused on why IBS practice is still in an unconvincing market state of use and how sustainability in its cost perspective influences the use of IBS in each project. A questionnaire has been developed consists of four sections and has been distributed to 30 respondents in different IBS projects within the Selangor area in Malaysia. The data has been analysed using SPSS 23 software to determine the descriptive statistics and rank regarding the issues of implementing of IBS in the industry based on a cost perspective. The research study determined the level of understanding of IBS acceptance and awareness among the Malaysian construction industry. The findings encountered the main problems by constructions player while implementing IBS. In conclusion, strategies and recommendations are also suggested.
Recovery of public spaces for the conservation of green areas in Tablada Lurin
Authors: Ramos Luis , Esenarro Doris , Rodriguez Ciro , Lagos Jessica
Published: September 2020

This research allows us to show common problems such as the green surface deficit, citizen insecurity, and lack of essential services that reflect social exclusion risks. To the above added the absence of infrastructure of the services provided by these systems such as recreation and recreation. Together, they are essential factors for the valuation of land use. Therefore, it is proposed to develop an analysis of recreational green areas appropriate to the needs of the city. With it, you will facilitate the realization of inventories that estimate social indicators, economic, and environmental indicators. The importance of planning recreational parks is to involve citizen participation as a necessary strategy to solve the problematic situations that arise; inclusive processes must be ensured, especially to meet the demands of spreading vulnerable social groups. It concludes the need to address green planning with a focus on economic, social, and ecological studies that encourage the involvement of society in this task.
Public spaces in Bangkok and the factors affecting the good public space quality in urban areas
Authors: Kongphunphin C , Srivanit M
Published: September 2020

Public spaces are an important component of the urban area used to support public activities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of public spaces where subdivided into districts of Bangkok city area. A methodology is carry out preliminary site surveying in a 31 public parks based on four main good public space indicators, which including accessibility, imageability, usability and sociability. In this study, the Z-score or standard score is defined as a statistical measurement of the associate of site characteristics score, has been apply to determine quality of public spaces. The results reveal that the all of public spaces are outstanding scores in terms of imageability and usability, and their Z-score values are consistently coherent, especially the high-quality public spaces located in the inner zone of Bangkok. While accessibility and sociability factors are poor quality, their values show on some public spaces that mostly located in the middle and in the outer zones of Bangkok. These results can be helpful to given a priority when managing city facilities in the Bangkok’s urban space and maintaining or improving its public space value.
Waste extracts from forest plants and their application as natural coloring for fabrics
Authors: Basri E , Saefudin
Published: September 2020

Wood wastes and tree barks are rich in natural coloring-pigments, such as tannin, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. If extracted, those compounds can be beneficial as coloring agents for fabrics. The research aimed to obtain yields of dry extracts from bark wastes of secang (Caesalpinia sp.), bakau merah (Rhizophora apiculata), ketapang (Terminalia sp.), and mangium (Acacia mangium); as well as from wood wastes of secang and ketapang. Wet extracts were obtained through waste extraction using pure water solvent with waste/water ratio 1:4 and 1:6 (w/v), each implementing of two temperatures (60°C and 70°C) and three long immersion treatments before extracting (0/control, 12, and 24 hours). The obtained wet extracts were applied for coloring the fabrics, followed with 3 fixation treatment, i.e. tawas, kapur tohor, and tunjung; and then tested for color-fastness resistance of fabrics against, i.e. washing, ironing, and sun ray referred to the SNI-ISO standards. The results indicated that bakau minyak barks extract brought out the fabric colors to the best result, and the yield dry extract was the highest. The natural coloring extracts of bakau minyak barks produced the best coloring performance of the fabrics against consecutive washing and sun-ray exposure, that is moderate until good (score 3-4), and the ironing results in good until very good (4-5). The yield dry extract of the barks was 28% after implementing 24 hours immersion in water before extraction, weight ratio between the extracted barks and water at 1:4 (w/v), and extraction temperature at 70°C.
Screening of antioxidant and antidiabetic activity from fruit bark, stem bark and leaves of Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke
Authors: Sukito A , Darmawan S , Prihantini A I
Published: September 2020

Agarwood is a commodity that has many benefits for the community, one of which is as medicine. Gyrinops versteegi (Gilg.) Domke, as one of plant producing agarwood and an endemic plant in West Nusa Tenggara, has less information of biological activity. The present study aims to investigate the biological activities from G. versteegii, particularly for anti-oxidants and anti-diabetic activities and their cytotoxicity. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-radical scavenging activity assay was used to determine the anti-oxidant activity, whereas the α-glucosidase inhibition assay was conducted to determine the antidiabetic activity. The cytotoxicity test used brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) and phytochemical analysis were also conducted. The highest anti-oxidant and antidiabetic activity was found in the methanol extract of leaves from infected G. versteegii with IC50 values of 32.89±2.7 and 55.01±2.4 μg/mL, respectively. The cytotoxicity test showed high toxicity with the LC50 value of 1.09 μg/mL. Therefore, their high activities showed that those extracts are potent for antioxidant and anti-diabetic agent.
The effect of pre-freezing treatment on the color changes and wettability of teak wood (Tectona grandis Linn.F.)
Authors: Adzkia U , Rahayu I S , Karlinasari L
Published: September 2020

Pre-freezing treatment is one of the methods used for increased the properties of wood. The pre-freezing treatment affects the physical properties of wood, extractive, and surface conditions, this will affect the wettability of wood and wood color. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of pre-freezing treatment on the color changes and changes in contact angle and wettability of wood. The study was conducted on teak wood (Tectona grandis) with the temperature -16°C for 24 hours and 48 hours. The results of this study showed that the pre-freezing treatment made decreasing of brightness with a reduction of the k-value. Besides, the pre-freezing time affected the wettability of wood. The wettability of wood was declined with increased time of pre-freezing. Wood utilization as a raw material of composite needed more treatment to increase the wettability of wood.
The residual stand damages due to log skidding using crawler tractor at one logging company in Central Kalimantan
Authors: Dulsalam  , Sukadaryati  , Soenarno
Published: September 2020

An investigation on residual stand damages due to log skidding using a skidding tractor was carried out at one logging company in Central Kalimantan in 2012. The objective is to find out information about residual stand damages on trees, poles, and sapling caused by Conventional Log Skidding (CLS system) and Low Impact Log Skidding (LILS system). Data on stand potency consists of tree, pole and sapling levels as well as the number of trees felled were collected. The investigation revealed that damage to the level of standing trees, poles, and sapling skidding caused by CLS system at PT Gunung Meranti was 11.40% (Coefficient of variation/CV) 7.95%; 9.53% (CV 14.74%) and 14.84% (CV 16.92%), respectively. The average damage of standing trees, poles and sapling caused by LILS system in PT Gunung Meranti respectively was 9.85% (CV 14.00%); 7.54% (CV 9.81%) and 12,55% (CV 16.60%). LILS system could reduce the damages to the standing trees.
Bamboo, farmer motivation on cultivation and its affecting factors
Authors: Fauziyah E , Sanudin
Published: September 2020

Motivation is an important factor to encourage community on bamboo cultivation or maintain existing bamboo plantation. This study aims to determine farmer motivation on bamboo cultivation and its affecting factors. This research was conducted in Sukaharja Village, Rajadesa Sub-district, Ciamis District, West Java on November 2016. Primary data collection is done through interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with 30 farmers involved in the development of bamboo agroforestry demonstration plots. The questionnaire consisted of socioeconomic characteristics of farmers and farmers motivations for bamboo cultivation. A survey was conducted to determine the motivation statements of farmers on bamboo cultivation using five-point Likert-type scale from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive methods and Likert’s Summated Rating (SLR). The result showed that farmer motivation on bamboo cultivation in Sukaharja Village was low. The number of family dependents and the number of information sources are affecting farmer motivation on bamboo cultivation. The farmer motivation on bamboo cultivation can be increased through providing a comprehensive information from stakeholders such as research institute, universities and others stakeholder and increasing the added value of bamboo such as post-harvest processing and expanding its marketing network.
Physical properties of furfurylated mangium (Acacia mangium Willd.) and pine (Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vriese) woods
Authors: Mulyosari D , Hadi Y S , Herliyana E N , Pari G , Pari R , Abdillah I B
Published: September 2020

Wood from plantation forest contains a lot of sapwood and juvenile wood which has inferior in physical properties. Furfurylation could improve the properties through a reaction between Furfuryl Alcohol (FA) with a hydroxyl group of wood components. The purpose of the study was to improve the physical properties of mangium (Acacia mangiumWilld.) and pine (Pinus merkusiiJungh et de Vriese) woods. The wood specimens for physical properties was prepared according to the ASTM D 143-94. They were vacuumed at 600 mmHg during 30 minutes, when the vacuum has been released, the FA reagent was inserted to the tank and followed with pressure at 10 kg/cm2during 30 minutes. The specimens were wrapped with aluminium foil and heated in the oven at 100°C for 24 hours. After conditioned for three weeks, the specimens were tested for physical properties including Weight Percent Gain (WPG), density, Moisture Content (MC), water absorption, swelling, shrinkage, and anti-swelling efficiency (ASwE) according to the ASTM D 143-94. Untreated specimens were also prepared for comparison purpose with five replications for each treatment. The results showed that furfurylated mangium and pine woods reached WPG 11.34% and 17.74%, densities were increased 8.95% and 3.75%, MC were decreased 88.41% and 84.74%, water absorption were decreased 41.76% and 46.84%, volume swelling were decreased 55.18% and 61.57%, volume shrinkage were decreased 34.99% and 64.75%, respectively. ASwE of mangium and pine woods was 55.1% and 61.6%. It could be mentioned that the furfurylated wood had better physical properties compared to untreated woods.
Effect of combined strip and zephyr laminated bamboo composite on physical and mechanical properties
Authors: Sumardi I , Dungani R , Sulastiningsih I M , Amalia D
Published: September 2020

Bamboo (Gigantochloa apus) is a potential material for wood substitution. However, the bamboo uses are limited according to the dimensions. Therefore, it needs modification technology such as transform bamboo into laminated bamboo boards. The combination of bamboo strips and zephyr as well as different fiber directions affected the physical and mechanical properties of laminated bamboo boards. The study was carried out onGigantochloa apus, which were made into strip and zephyr manually. Each strip and zephyrs are dried and then formed into a laminated board, then glued using isocyanate adhesive in a double spread with a weight of 300 g/m2. Arrangement of laminated bamboo boards perpendicularly between face/back and core (Ply bamboo) and the parallel between face/back and core (Laminated Bamboo Lumber/LBL). The laminated bamboo board was cold pressed at a pressure of 22.22 kgf/cm2for 1 hour. Physical and mechanical properties have been evaluated. Laminated bamboo boards have an average moisture content and density that meet JAS standards. The face/back of the strip has better dimensional stability value compared to zephyr. The combination of raw materials on the face/back and variations in the direction of the fiber can improve the mechanical properties of the bamboo laminate board.
Field evaluation of subterranean termites palatability on treated pine wood in Alam Sinarsari Residence, West Java
Authors: Arinana  , Hutapea F E , Nandika D , Haneda N F
Published: September 2020

Pine wood has been commonly utilized as bait wood in controlling termites by using a baiting system. This research aims to evaluate the palatability of subterranean termites against pine wood by boiled treatment, steamed, hot vapor pressured, and oven in Alam Sinarsari Residence, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia and analyze the distribution of termites and identity the termite species that attack bait wood. The size of bait wood refers to ASTM D 1758-06. There were four treatments of bait wood; steam treatment (100°C), boiling treatment (100°C), hot vapor pressure treatment (1 bar and 105°C) for five hours each and oven treatment (103 ± 2°C) for 48 hours. As a comparison, bait wood without treatment was prepared as a control. The result showed that bait wood using boiling treatment had more active subterranean termites than others. The identification result showed that there were 4 species of subterranean species (Macrotermessp.,Odontotermessp.,Microtermessp., andSchedorhinotermessp). The highest frequency of termites attack was in bait wood using oven treatment, and the highest damage intensity was in hot vapor pressure treatment. Based on the rating system the best treatment for bait wood treatment is hot vapor pressure treatment and boiling.
The grading classification for Styrax sumatrana resins based on physico chemical characteristics using two-step cluster analysis
Authors: Aswandi A , Kholibrina C R
Published: September 2020

Non timber forest management of styrax resin has become the main community livelihood in the Tapanuli region, North Sumatra, Indonesia. However, thousands of tons of incense resin produced have not been graded simply and inaccurately. The resin grading has been determined visually based on shape, size, and color. This is a disadvantage regarding the important value of this commodity is its chemical content. The objectives of the study were (a) to investigate the physico chemical properties of styrax resin based on current local grading, and (b) to develop a new grading classification of Sumatran incense (Styrax sumatrana) resin. A completely random design was carried out to determine the physico chemical properties of styrax from six incense grade traded. The results showed that the current quality grading affects the physico chemical properties of the resin. The first grade contains the best physico chemical properties, conversely the sixth is the lowest among others. Isolated cinnamic acid from various grades produces different levels of purity. The highest balsamic acid content and purity were derived from the highest quality incense (current local Grade I) while the lowest was contained by Grade VI. A two-step cluster analysis was performed to identify an accurate classification of resin grade according to both numerical and categorical attributes. Clustering algorithms with the two-step method worked efficiently and determined the optimal number of clusters, four grade incense profiles. The most important grade contains higher balsamic content and purity, lower impurities, ash content, melting point, and moisture content. Ash content and impurities were the most important predictor for differentiating each segment. The information obtained is expected to facilitate more accurate and honest resin quality grading application for farmers and traders.
Some properties of laminated veneer lumber manufactured from oil palm trunk
Authors: Sulastiningsih I M , Trisatya D R , Balfas J
Published: September 2020

Indonesia is the largest oil palm producer in the world and it was predicted that around 7 million metric tons was left in the field as a replanting waste, including palm frond and trunk. The utilization of this waste as a raw material of composite products may overcome the problem. The objective of this study was to determine the physical and mechanical properties of Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) made of oil palm trunk. Laboratory scale five-ply LVLs glued with urea formaldehyde adhesive were fabricated with five types of layer compositions i.e five-ply LVL with all layers made of oil palm trunk veneers (OP), five-ply LVL with face and back layers made of jabon veneers (J2), five-ply LVL with face, back and center core layers made of jabon veneers (J3), five-ply LVL with face and back layers made of mahoni veneers (M2), and five-ply LVL with face, back and center core layers made of mahoni veneers (M3). Results showed that the physical and mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumbers made from oil palm trunk were affected by layer compositions. Incorporating jabon or mahoni wood veneers in the structure of oil palm LVL improved the physical and mechanical properties of LVL.
Fiber dimension and anatomy of Acacia mangium wood from two mother trees
Authors: Andianto  , Yuniarti K , Saputra N A , Saputra I S
Published: September 2020

Mangium (Acacia mangium) has been opted as one of potential species for the establishment of industrial timber estate in Indonesia, particularly to support the production of pulp and paper. In order to obtain mangium stands that produces high quality wood, one attempt can be carried out through the selection and development of potential mother trees from the selected provenances. This study aim to obtain information on fiber dimension and the anatomy of mangium wood from two different mother trees from Papua New Guinea provenance. The wood was collected from mangium estate in Wonogiri forest research which was established in 2012 and managed by the Center Forest Biotechnology and Tree Improvement. Maceration process followed Forest Product Laboratory guidance and the preparat preparation followed Sass method. The wood anatomical terminology referred to IAWA (International Association of Wood Anatomists) list of microscopic features for hardwood identification was used to scrutinize the samples. The results showed that the average fiber dimension of mangium from the mother tree group 1 was 1239 micron (length), 25.96 micron (fiber diameter), and 3.67 micron (cell wall thickness). Those from the mother tree group 2 posseses the dimension as follow: 1215 micron (length), 25.42 micron (fiber diameter), and 3.73 micron (cell wall thickness). The fiber quality of mangium fiber from both mother tree groups could be considered in the quality class II. The anatomical structure of mangium from both mother tree groups include vessels cells in radial multiples radial multiple of 2-3 or 4 cells; vestured intervessel pits; parenchyma vascicentric and aliform; all ray cells procumbent and prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells.
Polymerised merbau extractives as impregnating material for wood properties enhancement
Authors: Malik J , Santoso A , Ozarska B
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to investigate the polymerisation process of Merbau extractives (ME) and the characteristics of the phenolic resin polymers made from ME. These polymerised ME (PME) can potentially be utilised as an impregnating material to enhance the wood properties of young plantation timber. Selected PME were characterised via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and ultraviolet-visible analysis. The prediction of the enhancement to the wood properties when treated with the obtained PME was discussed in relation to the physico-chemical and thermal characteristics of the polymeric materials. The results showed that the ME can be polymerised in its base condition with formaldehyde and resorcinol as the copolymer to produce the PME. The resin was classified as a resole and polymerisation can be done at room temperature. The physico-chemical tests and analyses, via boiling tests and FTIR spectra confirmed that the polymeric compound is a promising impregnating material that can enhance wood properties. This polymeric material is also eco-friendly as the low level of free formaldehyde.
Utilization of biomass from Sago (Metroxylon sp) by local ethnic around the Sentani Lake Jayapura-Papua Province
Authors: Ondikeleuw YC , Wahyudi  , Arifudin M
Published: September 2020

Sago is multi-functional crops for local ethnics living at coastal and low land areas in Papua as main carbohydrate and raw-material of traditional houses. This research is designed to document the utilization and socio cultural values of sago biomass by local ethnic around the Sentani Lake, Jayapura. Field survey and structural interview were used to collect data at Yoboi and Sereh villages. The results indicate that carbohydrates were extracted from pith and other sago’s biomasses were used for green material for various puIDRoses. Leaf are for floor mate, filter starch, carrying bags, housing roof and fishing trap. Sago fronds are for extraction chamber and sedimented starch. Rounded fronds are used for house wall, burning media for lime stone and planting media boxes. Bark of trunks are for flooring and decking their stilts, balcony and firewood. Residual waste from sago pulp are good media for mushroom, planting vegetables, imago inhibitor, and compost. Its fruits are for wall accessories and necklace. Sago lands is also supply animal protein by providing habitat for hunting animals. Socio cultural values mean that sago is ancestor heritage to be saved, utilized, managed proportionally for next generation. This crop is cultural identity contributed to socio cultural and economic values, but these wisdom values are pressuring recently.
DNA barcoding of Pericopsis mooniana from two different populations in Indonesia based on rDNA ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer)
Authors: Prihatini I , Widyatmoko A Y P B C , Nurtjahjaningsih I L G , Yuskianti V , Danarto S A
Published: September 2020

A DNA barcoding is a taxonomy method that provide fast and acurate species identification, thus it can be applied to anticipate when a species can not be identified morphologically. This study aimed to assess molecular characteristics ofPericopsis moonianafrom two wild populations in Indonesia using a barcoding marker rDNA ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) as additional information for establishing conservation strategy of this species. Leaf samples ofP. moonianawere collected from natural forests at South East Sulawesi and South Kalimantan, and a germplasm orchard at Purwodadi Botanic Garden. Molecular characteristic was evaluated based on a pair of ITS primers that produce between 634-641 bp nucleotide. The sequence data were analyzed by Bioedit version 7.0.5.3 and Mega 7 software. Results showed thatP. moonianafrom South East Sulawesi and South Kalimantan were clustered together, whileP. moonianafrom Purwodadi Botanic Garden were separated with only one base difference from those two population. In conclusion, ITS barcoding in this study shows a diffences betweenP. moonianacollected from South East Sulawesi and South Kalimantan withP. moonianathat originally from Papua. A further study using more barcoding marker and more population could be approached to obtain more information on molecular characters ofP. moonianapopulations that will useful for establishing conservation and tree breeding program of this species.
Utilization of wood vinegar as plant based insecticide in mulberry (Morus sp)
Authors: Dewi R , Hastuti N , Nuraeni Y
Published: September 2020

Successful maintenance of silkworms (Bombyx mori) depends on the supply of mulberry leaf feed (Morus sp). In practice, mulberry plants are not safe from pests and diseases. In the early rainy season, mulberry plants are easily attacked by whitefly (Trialeuroides vaporiorum and Bemissia tabaci). Mulberry leaves that are attacked by whitefly can no longer be given to silkworms because the nutrients are reduced. The use of plant-based insecticides in the resolvent of whitefly pests has not been widely practiced. Wood vinegar is an organic material derived from wood waste that can be used as a plant-based insecticide. The objectives of this study are to determine the percentage of whitefly attacks on mulberry plants and the application of plant-based insecticides on mulberry plants towards whitefly attacks reduction. The study was employed by field observation for 12 weeks. The results showed that the percentage of whitefly attack was 33.34%. Application of wood vinegar as insecticide with a dose of 2.5% (v/v) increased the pest resistance and induced the growth of mulberry plants.
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi in pine forest and mixed forest in Mount Merbabu National Park
Authors: Izati N , Sugiyarto  , Purwoko T
Published: September 2020

Pine forest and mixed forest in Mount Merbabu National Park (MMNP) have the different potential of macrofungi. However, the information of macrofungi in the pine and mixed forest is still lacking. The research aimed to determine the diversity and distribution of macrofungi in the pine forest and mixed forest MMNP. Retrieval of macrofungi diversity data used a plot method measuring 20 × 20 m which was divided into 16 subplots measuring 5 × 5 m. Subplots measuring 5 × 5 m was used to determine the distribution pattern of macrofungi. The results showed that there were 36 species of macrofungi found in the pine forest and 80 species in the mixed forest. The diversity of macrofungi in the pine forest belonged to moderate value with a diversity index of 2.84, whereas in the mixed forest belonged to high value with a diversity index of 3.64. There were 16 species macrofungi that can be found in the pine forest, 60 species that can be found in the mixed forest, and 20 species in both habitats. The most widespread macrofungi were the agaric type, which included Agaricales order, while the narrowest distributed macrofungi were the coral type, which include the Gomphales order. The distribution pattern of macrofungi species in the pine forest was obtained by 33 grouped species and three uniform species. The distribution pattern of macrofungi species in the mixed forest was obtained by 78 grouped species and two uniform species.