bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of Free Space Optic (FSO) Technology Using PPM and OOK Modulation
Authors: Hario Fakhriy , Khair Fauza , Mustika I Wayan , Budi Purnomowati Endah , Kusmaryanto Sigit
Published: September 2024

The increasing trend in developing free space optic (FSO) system technology, which is expected to become an alternative for future high-speed wireless communications based on optical communication system, demands comprehensive performance observation of propagation parameters. So, this research proposes an FSO system model using pulse position modulation and on-off keying modulation by considering the influence and reliability of the system on distance, atmospheric conditions, and variations in aperture diameter. The test results include the bit error rate (BER), Q-factor, and optical and electrical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR/ESNR) at a bit rate of 2.5 Gbps. Based on result observations of the reliability of the FSO system using PPM and OOK modulation at a bit rate of 2.5 Gbps and an optical lens diameter of 5 cm, the proposed system model is capable of meeting optical communication standards up to a transmission distance of 1 km. Meanwhile, in testing various atmospheric conditions with an optical lens diameter of 5 cm to a distance of 0.5 km, the system model is suitable for use in light fog, very light fog, and light mist to clear air conditions. However, in this test scenario, the system is not feasible for dense, thick, and moderate fog conditions. Furthermore, observations at a distance of 0.5 km show that by increasing the optical lens aperture diameter from 20 cm to 30 cm, the proposed system model can achieve BER values of less than 10-30 to 10-12 in thick fog conditions. In general, there is no significant difference between system performance, including BER, Q factor, and OSNR and ESNR values, whether using PPM modulation or OOK modulation, where the use of a wavelength of 1330 nm is more recommended than 1550 nm judging from the selected signal to noise ratio value.
Resampling Techniques in Rainfall Classification of Banjarbaru using Decision Tree Method
Authors: Annisa Selvi , Rahkmawati Yeni
Published: September 2024

Continuous heavy rains, such as in 2021, can cause flood emergencies in various areas of Banjarbaru. Therefore, classification modeling is needed to predict rainfall classes based on climate parameters. The problem faced in the classification case is the unbalanced class distribution. Class imbalance occurs when the minority class is much smaller than the majority class. This research aims to compare three resampling techniques in handling imbalanced rainfall data in Banjarbaru using the Decision Tree model. The comparison methods used were sensitivity, specificity, and G-Mean values. In this research, the method used is a decision tree model with Random undersampling, Random Oversampling, and SMOTE. The result shows that the best model is the Decision tree model with the Random Undersampling technique because it provides the highest G-Mean value and sensitivity and specificity values above 70%. Based on this model, the variables that can separate the Rainy and Cloudy classes are Minimum temperature, Maximum temperature, and Sunshine duration, with the best separator being Maximum Temperature.
Potential of Muntingia calabura L. Leaf Extract Cream on the Remodeling Phase of Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Salim M. Nur , Aisyah Siti , Masyitha Dian , . Rosmaidar , Sahara Zamzami Rumi , Andalia Nurlena , Salsabila Simagunsong Chairunnisa
Published: September 2024

Incision wounds are narrow, elongated wounds caused by sharp objects. One of the factors that hinders wound healing is high blood sugar levels in the condition of diabetes mellitus. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Muntingia calabura L leaf extract cream in accelerating the healing process of incision wounds during the remodeling period on the skin of white rats with diabetes mellitus. The experimental animals used were 12 male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) with an average weight of 150-200 grams and were 2-3 months old. The rats were divided into 4 treatment groups with 3 repetitions. The K1 group as a negative control is given a cream base. The K2 group as a positive control was given 0.1% silver sulfadiazine cream and metformin. The K3 group was given a 5% Muntingia calabura L leaf extract cream and an oral extract of Muntingia calabura L leaves. The K4 group was given a 15% Muntingia calabura L leaf extract cream and an oral extract of Muntingia calabura L leaves. All treatments were carried out for 14 days. The results of the statistical test on the average number of fibroblast cells showed a real difference (P<0.05) between the four groups. The results of the statistical test on the mean collagen density score in the K3 and K4 treatment groups showed a real difference (P<0.05) compared to the K1 and K2 control groups. It can be concluded that the administration of 5% Muntingia calabura L leaf extract cream can reduce the number of fibroblast cells and increase collagen density, thereby accelerating the healing of incision wounds during the remodeling phase on the skin of white rats with diabetes mellitus.
A Determination Criteria on Validity of a Non-Assertion Agreement on Employee Invention Remuneration
Authors:   Legal Research Institute of Chonnam National University, JIN Youchen , JUNG Chaho
Published: September 2024

If an employee inventor succeeds her employee invention to her employer company, the employee has the right to receive fair remuneration according to Article 15 of the Invention Promotion Act. Disputes may arise between the company and the employee regarding such remuneration. In order to resolve such disputes regarding employee invention remuneration, there are cases where a ‘non-assertion agreement on an employee invention remuneration’ is concluded between the company and the employee. Since such an agreement is concluded between the company and the employee, there is a possibility that it will be unilaterally advantageous to the company, and from that perspective, there is a possibility that such an agreement will be deemed invalid. This paper examines the criteria for determining the validity of such a non-assertion agreement. If a non-assertion agreement on employee invention remuneration is concluded before the invention is created, such an agreement will be generally deemed invalid. If such an agreement is concluded after the invention is created, additional requirements must be comprehensively reviewed to determine whether it is valid. This paper presents such additional requirements as whether there was a substantial negotiation, whether the amount of remuneration was specified, whether there was a significant disadvantage, and others (status, circumstances). In the case of the Coating Korea, the agreement should have been judged invalid based on the fact that there was no substantial negotiation, and the amount of remuneration was not specified. In the future, any non-assertion agreement on employee invention remuneration should be judged invalid if it is not substantially negotiated and/or is unilaterally advantageous to the company.
A Csongrád megyei tanyaprogram elmúlt tizenhét esztendejének szakmai tapasztalatai, jövőbeni lehetőségei
Authors: Csete Ágnes , M. Toronykőy Márta
Published: September 2024

The author provides an overview of the operation of a unique crime-prevention program operated by the a Csongrad Police in Hungary.
A GPS előnyei, alkalmazásának hibái
Authors: Kovács István
Published: September 2024

In his study, the author presents the GPS system mainly within the police. He describes the covert information gathering activities of the police, followed by a case study on human trafficking.
Evaluating the Implementation and Effectiveness of Inquiry-based Learning to Teaching Paper-based GIS in Secondary Schools
Authors: Mkhize Thulasizwe Fredrick , Dube-Xaba Zanele Heavy-Girl , Zondi Thabile Aretha
Published: September 2024

This study evaluated the implementation and effectiveness of inquiry-based learning in teaching paper-based geographic information systems (PBGIS) in South African secondary schools. PBGIS refers to teaching GIS through maps without using digital applications such as Quantum GIS and ArcGIS. The Department of Basic Education (DBE) has not provided geography teachers with clear guidelines for teaching PBGIS. Although DBE has provided geography teachers with sufficient PBGIS content, PBGIS pedagogical approaches are still fragmented. National Senior Certificate diagnostic reports indicate poor performance of learners on questions related to GIS in the examinations. The Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge is the conceptual framework used to understand the implementation and effectiveness of Inquiry-based Learning (IBL) in teaching PBGIS in secondary schools. This interpretive paradigm study underpinned the qualitative research design. The findings show that geography teachers implement IBL to engage learners in PBGIS research projects and mapwork activities that use scenarios to solve problems. Teachers believe using IBL is effective because it assists learners in becoming critical thinkers and developing skills to question their curiosity to construct knowledge through research projects. The study recommends that geography teachers use IBL to teach PBGIS in ways that stimulate learners’ critical thinking and help them learn to collaborate with others during the inquiry process. The study’s contribution may assist the DBE, teachers, learners, lecturers, and students with insights towards understanding the implementation and effectiveness of IBL in teaching PBGIS in secondary schools.

Keywords: Inquiry-based Learning (IBL), Paper-based GIS (PBGIS), Secondary Schools, TPACK.
Bio-Psycho-Social Challenges Experienced by South African Youth Triggering Suicidal Ideation: A Case of Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Awam Mavimbela
Published: September 2024

Suicidality in youth is a growing concern and is currently a public health issue in South Africa, Eastern Cape province and the province with limited resources. South Africa is among the top countries with a high suicide mortality rate globally. Hence this study sought to investigate the challenges faced by suicidal African youth. The research was exploratory, a qualitative research method was adopted, and non-probability and judgemental sampling was chosen.Ten (10)individuals with para-suicidal ideation were selected as participants for this research. Data was collected using open-ended interviews. A thematic approach was used in data analysis.The findings suggest that mental disorders, socio-economic challenges, biological factors, family problems, bullying and peer victimisation are some of the contributing factors to suicidal attempts. The study recommends paying attention to the warning signs of suicide in individuals. Mental illnesses stemming from socio-economic conditions, infidelity, and other root causes of suicidal ideation are prevalent in this country, particularly among young people who are disproportionately affected. Providing relevant support and conducting more awareness campaigns among young people are essential steps forward. This article offers academic perspectives on the challenges encountered by a large proportion of young individuals in South Africa who are impacted by socio-economic difficulties, alongside examining the government’s involvement.

Keywords: Suicide, African Youth, Mental Health, Socio-Economic Challenges, Mental Disorder, Inequality.
Relief in the round: terracotta classicism and the Homeric friezes of Ickworth House
Authors: Marshall Sebastian
Published: September 2024

A growing body of work examines the British elite’s engagement with sculpture in the long eighteenth century, focusing especially on free-standing works. This article adopts a different angle by exploring the use of relief sculpture attached to a building’s exterior. For its case study, it discusses the remarkable programme of Homeric scenes modelled in terracotta, stucco and Coade stone that runs around the central rotunda of Ickworth House in Suffolk, which are largely based on John Flaxman’s celebrated illustrations. Falling somewhere between art and architectural history, relief tends to be regarded as a secondary or ornamental mode, yet it is productive to study the form for the different opportunities it affords artists and patrons. While individual relief panels have received attention in interior settings such as sculpture galleries where the form’s pictorial effects are foregrounded, this article is more interested in relief’s narrative qualities and the ways it blurs distinctions between building and sculptural object. Instead of partitioning the study of sculpture into interior and exterior or house and garden, this article explores the Italian and Hellenic influences at play at Ickworth, which enable its series of reliefs to enjoy an active, reciprocal relationship with the building to which they are attached.
On the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the household’s consumption and labor supply: theory and application
Authors: Liu Lu , Zhang Yangyi
Published: September 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic and the corresponding regulation measures carried out to curb it have had a strong negative impact on the whole economy, and household consumption has been seriously affected. A large part of the drop in consumption is due to the reduction of household income, which is mainly caused by the labor supply loss during the pandemic. To present the mechanism of the impact of the pandemic on consumption, this study constructs a novel theoretical model. Two hypotheses about the pandemic’s impact on labor supply are proposed and empirically tested. Subsequently, a comparative static analysis is carried out to determine the numerical mechanism of the pandemic’s impact on household consumption. In addition, the model is also empirically tested and further modified for application, enabling the studies of both a realistic simulation and a policy simulation. This study finds that the labor supply of households has been affected during the pandemic, and there is a mediating effect channel through the regulation stringency. The epidemic severity and regulation policies have a negative impact on household consumption, in turn, will raise the saving rate of households. The income effect of the two on consumption accounts for 32% and 44% of the total effect respectively.
CAR-T Cells – Main Steps for Obtaining a Proper “Live Drug” Adoptive Therapy
Authors: Neagu Monica , Constantin Carolina
Published: September 2024

Chimaeric antigen receptor (CAR) T lymphocytes (CAR-T) discovered in 1992 have been in the recent years in the spotlight of both researchers and clinicians. Immune therapy with engineered CAR-T cells has been approved by the FDA since 2017 for pediatric and young adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Since then, around ten therapies were approved for hematological cancers. In contrast to the other immune therapies CAR-T cell therapy is considered a “living drug” with the capacity of self-replicating. Having this particular characteristic, the manufacturing process has in general several steps that should be followed in the process of obtaining specific CAR-T cells. There are mandatory steps for obtaining a CAR-T cell culture: Leukapheresis, activation, gene delivery, expansion, and cryopreservation. All these seminal stages have various sub-stages that can differ from one procedure to other as detailed in the paper. Leukapheresis harvests peripheral blood mononuclear cells, followed by an enrichment of a certain cellular population or a depletion phase to remove contaminants as red blood cells and platelets. T cell population that is obtained needs to be activated using activating antibodies (Abs), magnetic beads coated with activating Abs or artificial antigen-presenting cells. After activation, T cells are subjected to genetic engineering that can be done using electroporation of naked DNA, plasmids, or viral vectors to insert the specific CAR. The last phases of CAR-T cell manufacturing are the expansion of these specific cells and, if not freshly inoculated to the patients, the final step is cryopreservation. The main drawback of CAR-T cell therapy is its high cost; therefore, new automated platforms would decrease their cost. The described stages are still variable within CAR-T manufacturing. Therefore, the future of this immune therapy will have to tackle standardization and automated technology, directions that will increase healthcare system availability.
Social Determinants of Health in Hospitalized Children
Authors: Gross Elise , Jakubowski Erin , Sahai Shashi
Published: September 2024

It has long been established that the environment in which a child grows and develops shapes their social and health outcomes. After all, collecting social history is a key component of a health care visit. In recent decades, the importance of social determinants of health (SDOH) has been rediscovered, and the impact of adverse childhood experiences has garnered great attention. Estimates show that health outcomes are influenced more by factors outside of health care, such as our patients' SDOH. Addressing SDOH is fundamental for improving health and reducing longstanding inequities in health. While understanding that SDOH needs to be addressed through the continuum of pediatric care, this article will focus on SDOH in the pediatric inpatient setting.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2024;53(9):e337–e344.]
Effect of fermentation parameters on the antioxidant activity of Ecuadorian cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Mayra Orbe Chamorro , Manosalvas-Quiroz Luis- Armando , Mosquera Nicolás Pinto , Samaniego Iván
Published: September 2024

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), indigenous to the tropical forests of the Americas, is renowned not only as the primary raw material for chocolate and its derivatives (cocoa liquor and butter) but also as a rich source of phytonutrients with beneficial health effects. Current research has elucidated that within the post-harvest process, fermentation stands as the critical stage for the formation of the principal biochemical quality markers in cocoa, known as polyphenols. These compounds contribute to the bitterness and astringency that constitute the complex flavor profile of chocolate; however, their excessive presence can be organoleptically undesirable. A high phenolic content (>10%) is associated with insufficient fermentation and certain varieties of ordinary cocoa, thereby serving as a discriminatory parameter between fine-flavor cocoa (Nacional) and bulk cocoa (CCN-51). Beyond their technological significance, these components have garnered substantial scientific interest, as polyphenol consumption is associated with potential protective effects against the development of non-communicable chronic diseases (including diabetes, cancer, and atherosclerosis), attributable to their potent antioxidant properties. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of fermentation time on the antioxidant capacity (AC) and total polyphenol content (TPC) in the principal Ecuadorian cocoa varieties (i.e., CCN-51 clone and Nacional). Pilot-scale fermentation experiments demonstrated significant variations in antioxidant capacity (CCN-51 clone: 785.61 to 1852.78 and Nacional: 564.32 to 1428.60 µmol TE/g) and total polyphenol content (CCN-51 clone: 52.92 to 162.82; Nacional: 40.55 to 157.50 mg gallic acid/g). Both parameters decreased markedly throughout the process, with the CCN-51 clone exhibiting greater retention.
Representation rings of extensions of Hopf algebra of Kac-Paljutkin type
Authors: Su Dong , Yang Shilin
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we focus on studying two classes of finite dimensional $ \Delta $-associative algebras, which are extensions of a family of $ 2n^2 $-dimensional Kac-Paljutkin type semi-simple Hopf algebras $ H_{2n^2} $. All their indecomposable modules are classified. Furthermore, their representation rings are described by generators with suitable relations.
Neuropsychological Status From Preschool Age up to Adolescence
Authors: Megari Kalliopi , Smyrli Evanthia
Published: September 2024

According to Piaget's theory, there are four distinct neurodevelopment stages, each of which corresponds to a specific age group and is distinguished by a particular number of cognitive attainments. The stages are as follows: a) sensorimotor; b) preoperational; c) concrete operational; and d) formal operational. Four primary domains are used to track development from infancy to adolescence: a) speech and language; b) gross and fine motor abilities; c) social and emotional skills; and d) cognitive ability. By recognizing the normal growth milestones in every category, we may comprehend the variations linked to different abnormal developing patterns. In numerous cognitive domains, children with disabilities may have delays or deficits during childhood that may last into adulthood. Numerous studies have examined the changes in brain activity that corresponds with the acquisition of cognitive skills at each developmental stage. Some of these studies suggest that children with a variety of neuropsychological developmental disorders show neurocognitive deficits in areas like verbal communication, attention, memory, and specific executive functions, while language and visuospatial abilities vary.
Well-Being Among Parents Raising a Child Diagnosed With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Intervention Programs
Authors: Tasiou Kyriaki , Nikolaou Eleni N.
Published: September 2024

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects people diagnosed with it and their families in many ways. The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible determinants of parent wellbeing and to examine the influence of having a child diagnosed with ADHD on the social and emotional well-being of parents. The aim of the present study was also to add to the existing literature information about intervention programs that have implemented to parents of children with ADHD and examine their effectiveness on various dimensions related to parental well-being and psychological well-being. These programs, which are specially designed for the training of parents of children with ADHD, are mainly based on the strengthening of mindfulness, self-care, guidance in coping strategies and techniques for managing children's challenging behaviours, and support and counseling of parents. The results obtained are encouraging regarding the effectiveness of these programs.
Management of immune thrombocytopenia in children
Authors: Mettananda Sachith
Published: September 2024

No abstract available
Does Hepatic Metastasectomy for Breast Cancer Oligo-Metastasis to the Liver Offer Survival Advantage? Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Garzali Ibrahim Umar , Sheshe Abdurrahman Abba , Suleiman Ibrahim Eneye , El-Yakub Amina Ibrahim , Abu Zeid Ez El Din
Published: September 2024

Background:

The impact of liver resection on survival in patients with hepatic metastasis from breast cancer has remained a controversial topic, with multiple studies reporting conflicting results.

Objective:

We perform this meta-analysis comparing metastasectomy to systemic therapy in terms of survival outcomes in cases of hepatic oligo-metastasis from breast cancer.

Materials and Methods:

A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library was conducted for relevant studies. The search terms used included “Breast Neoplasms,” “Liver,” hepatic” “Metastasis” “Hepatectomy,” “Metastasectomy” “resection,” and “surgery.” The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Only studies published in English and studies that compared OS between patients that had metastasectomy and those that received systemic therapy were included.

Results:

Thirteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The one year overall survival of patients who had surgery is superior to those who received systemic therapy only, with a risk ratio (RR) of 7.59 and P value of <0.00001. There is also a superior overall survival at 3 years after metastasectomy when compared with patients that received systematic therapy (RR = 2.83, P = 0.005). Five years is also superior, with RR of 2.78 and P value of 0.005.

Conclusion:

Hepatic metastasectomy in combination with systemic therapy is superior to systemic therapy alone in patients with breast cancer and oligo-metastasis of the liver.
Soft Tissue Reconstruction of Upper Limb Injuries in Southwestern Nigeria: Methods and Outcome
Authors: Michael Afieharo Igbigbia , Isamah Chinsunum Peace , Olawoye Olayinka Adebanji , Ademola Samuel Adesina , Iyun Ayodele Olukayode , Aderibigbe Rotimi Opeyemi , Ugwu Ifeanyichukwu Chinedum , Oluwatosin Odunayo Moronfoluwa
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Upper limb injuries requiring soft tissue coverage are common in our environment. These reconstructions provide protection for vital structures and enable tendon gliding. Despite the frequency of these, there is a lack of data on the scope of soft tissue reconstruction and outcomes in our subregion.

Objectives:

To demonstrate the scope and outcome of soft tissue reconstruction of upper limb injuries, we conducted a study at a major plastic surgery service in Southwestern Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

This study employed a cross-sectional analytic approach, focusing on all patients with upper limb injuries requiring soft tissue reconstruction between April 2022 and March 2023.

Results:

During the study period, a total of 49 patients underwent soft tissue reconstruction for upper limb injuries, with a mean age of 36.4 ± 11.3 years. The majority were male (n = 40, 81.6%). The methods of reconstruction included flaps (51%, n = 25) of cases, direct closure (36.7%, n = 18), and skin grafting (12.3%, n = 6). Among flap options, local flaps were utilized in 48% (n = 12), regional flaps in 32% (n = 8), and distant flaps in 20% (n = 5). The median time from injury to surgery, surgery to discharge, and length of hospital stay are 6 days, 6 days, and 13 days, respectively. Patients undergoing local flaps had a shorter injury-to-surgery time compared to those receiving regional and distant flaps (P = 0.026). Patients undergoing skin grafting, regional flaps, and distant flaps experienced longer hospital stays compared to those with direct closure and local flaps (P = 0.000). The in-patient complication rate was 14.3%.

Conclusions:

The methods of soft tissue reconstruction for upper limb injuries in our institution include flaps, skin grafting, and direct closure.
Perception and Attitude of First-Time Mothers Towards Caesarean Section in Secondary Health Care Facility (A Mixed-Method Study)
Authors: Olalude Olajumoke Ayisat , Lawal Olatunji O. , Morhason-Bello Imran O.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Despite the global rise in caesarean section (CS), Nigeria has a CS rate of 2.8%, which is far below the World Health Organisation recommendation of 10%–15%. Primigravida and/or first-time mothers constitute a cohort of women who are prone to obstetric emergencies such as cephalo–pelvic disproportion and obstructed labour.

Objectives:

To evaluate the first-time mothers’ knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes towards CS.

Materials and Methods:

This was a mixed-methods study conducted among first-time mothers (primigravids >28weeks and first-time CS-delivered) at Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ibadan, using questionnaires that assessed knowledge and attitude for the quantitative aspect and in-depth interviews for the qualitative aspect using a structured topic guide. Responses from the quantitative aspect were analysed using STATA 15, and each participant’s level of knowledge was scored and categorised as: Good knowledge >70%, fair knowledge 50%–70% and poor knowledge <50%. Content analysis was done for the qualitative aspect, and emerging themes on perception and interpretation in CS were summarised and presented as results for interpretation.

Results:

About 275 mothers (178 pregnant and 97 CS-delivered) were sampled. Only a few (13.45%) of the participants had good knowledge with an equivocal attitude towards CS. The majority (84%) believed that CS helped in saving lives. Also, there was a statistically significant difference between their knowledge and their educational level, occupation, religion, ethnicity, and family income (P < 0.05). The multinomial regression showed that gainfully employed Christian women significantly had more fair and good knowledge than Muslims (RR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.13–3.57, P = 0.017) (RR = 2.71, 95% CI = 1.23–5.95, P = 0.013).

Conclusion:

Only a small number of the participants had good knowledge, and their perceptions about CS varied. The attitudes of participants towards CS appeared mixed, as nearly equal proportions of participants had positive and negative attitudes. Hence, there is a need to increase advocacy, antenatal education, and counselling during antenatal clinic visits. Also, first-time mothers need to be put on insurance to reduce the burden of costs.
Surgical Site Infections: Prospective Study in a Medical College Teaching Hospital at Port Blair, India
Authors: Snehaa Kandregula , Rafi Nagma , Sanjeev Hosdurg , Mustaqim Shahina , Patil Nilesh , Kumar Abhay , Mehrotra Manju
Published: September 2024

Objectives:

Surgical site infections (SSIs) continue to be a prevalent and pervasive issue, contributing to healthcare expenditures, extended hospital stays, and significantly increased morbidity and death. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the risk factors and prevalence of SSIs amongst patients undergoing various surgical procedures at a tertiary care facility in Port Blair, India.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective study was conducted at a tertiary medical college hospital setting in Port Blair, India, within the Department of Microbiology. The study was conducted from January 2018 to June 2018.

Results:

During the study period, 776 individuals underwent various surgeries, including both elective and emergency procedures. The total prevalence of the SSI rate during the study period was 12.88% (n = 776) based on the documentation of approximately 100 SSIs. Amongst these, 44% were associated with obstetrics and gynaecology surgery. The category of post-lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) stitch line had the greatest prevalence rate of SSIs (34 patients out of 175 developed infections; LSCS approximately 19.42% of these patients developed SSIs).

Conclusions:

In Indian adult patients undergoing any form of surgical procedure, the SSI prevalence was 12.88%. SSIs occurred more frequently after obstetrics and gynaecology operations. Following any type of surgery, patients who are women, younger, had emergency surgery, have diabetes, and require a lengthy hospital stay are more likely to experience SSIs. The most commonly encountered pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative Staphylococcus.
Traditional African Festival Theatre and Children’s Agitation: Ogene Nkirika Festival of Nkwessi in Oguta LGA, Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Uzondu Ifeyinwa
Published: September 2024

It could be right to assert that some African festival theatres have not recognised the significance and strategic roles of children. The  adult participants dominate the whole processes, giving children less prominent roles, which relegate them to mere passive audience. This has led to agitations, loss of interest and discontinuity in many cultures in Africa. Cultural festivals embody the belief system and  general philosophy of a people, which could be handed over from generation to generation through inclusive practice. Suffice it to say  that, it is in the middle childhood and early adulthood that the search for identity and respect for traditional values are inculcated. Using  the observational, historical and analytical methods, this paper focuses on the place of children in Ogene Nkirika festival of Nkwessi  community in Oguta Local Government Area (LGA) of Imo State, Nigeria. Ogene Nkirika (mock new yam festival) marks the  commencement of the new yam cultural activities. It is the children’s version of the Omere Ife (New Yam festival). Hence, children in the  community are clamouring for inclusion into the main festival. Findings have shown that many children have drifted from the core values  of African cultures for lack of inclusion. The paper views that this lack of inclusion of children will continually dampen the sustenance of  African cultures and values. It concludes and recommends that children should rather be integral part of the main festival, and not   restricted to a fragment of it, as is the case of Ogene Nkirika.
DEVELOPINNG A POP-UP BOOK AS MEDIA FOR TEACHING ENGLISH NUMBERS TO KINDERGARTEN STUDENTS
Authors: Andari Syabila Poppi , Susilawati Endang , Surmiyati Surmiyati , Regina Regina , Ikhsanudin Ikhsanudin
Published: September 2024

Procurement of teaching media to teach language is one of the teaching strategies to improve student's language skills, especially vocabulary knowledge. Students will be more engaged in learning if the media is adjusted to their needs. This research is development research. The purpose of this research was to develop a pop-up book of English numbers as teaching media for kindergarten students in Zonakata Kindergarten School. The writer used three phases of the ADDIE concept which are Analyze, Design, and Develop phases to develop the product in this research. The Analysis phase was done by interviewing with the teachers of Zonakata Kindergarten School to discover the teachers’ and students’ needs for developing the product and analyzed by using thematic analysis. The design phase was done by designing the content of the pop-up book based on the results of the analysis phase. The book consists of numbers from 1 to 10 with attractive pictures and pop-up techniques on it. The development phase was done by using the Canva application to design the content of the books and checked it towards the assessment rubric to create a better product. Based on the result of validation, the product has met the criteria to be used as teaching media by the teacher. By using this research product, the students attract to learn and easier to acquire English numbers.
THE ALTERING PROCESS OF ORTHOGRAPHIC RULES IN UYGHUR LANGUAGE
Authors: ORHUN Murat
Published: September 2024

Uyghur people used many alphabets from past to present. Because of many reasons related to the alphabets they used and the periods in which those alphabets were used, changes were made in the rules of spelling. With the stream of time, there might be changes in the number and spelling of words used in languages, but such a change has been experienced more in Uyghur language than in other languages. While only four alphabet changes were made in Uyghur language, which has been used in the Uyghur Autonomous Region of China since 1950, eight spelling changes were made from 1980 to 2010. Uyghur people living in Central Asia had to change the alphabet several times in certain periods. In this article, after the alphabets used by the Uyghur people in the period after they accepted Islam, that is, from the Karakhanids period (840-1213) to the present day, are explained with examples, the spellings of the words used in the above-mentioned alphabets are compared and the differences are explained with examples. In some periods, the number of letters used in the same alphabet was changed. While the new words produced for Uyghur language in different stages and words that have been changed from foreign languages or accepted as they are, are explained with examples, some negative problems experienced due to the frequently change of the spelling rules in today’s modern Uyghur studies are summarized. Keywords: Uyghur language, Uyghur spelling rules, Uyghur lexicon, contemporary Uyghur Language, Karakhanid Uyghur Language.
AN EXAMINATION OF THE USE OF SPEECH AND THOUGHT PRESENTATIONS IN THE NARRATIVES
Authors: TÜRKMEN Emre
Published: September 2024

This study is an examination of the use of speech and thought presentation in the narratives. The texts selected for examination are Rüya Nasıl Çıktı (How did the dream come out?), Mendil Altında (Under the Handkerchief) and Karga Yavrusu (The Chick) stories by Memduh Şevket Esendal. The research questions shaping this study are “Which speech and thought presentations did the author use?”, “What kind of grammatical markers did the author utilize?”, “In which forms did the presentations were given?” and “How often were these presentations were used?”. In searching answers for these questions, we focused on the narrators, points of view, narrative characters and speaking people in the stories. First, the texts were thoroughly scanned in order to mark the speech and thought presentations. The data obtained were demonstrated and the findings were evaluated. As a result, it is derived that the narrator of the texts used the speech and thought presentations according to the point of view of the narrative characters, thus, created a polyphonic narrative. Out of 70 samples selected from the texts, %87 were direct speech, %7 were direct thought and %6 were indirect thought presentations. Therefore, it can be concluded that Esendal preferred direct speech presentations over other forms of presentations and never resorted to indirect speech presentations in the selected texts. Keywords: Narrative, narrator, direct speech
WOMEN’S NAMES OF TURKIC ORIGIN REGISTERED IN THE PLAYS BY JAFAR JABBARLI
Authors: GARAŞOVA Esmer
Published: September 2024

Jafar Jabbarli was one of the most prominent playwrights in the beginning of the the 20th century. His role in the development of Azerbaijani theater is undisputable. The writer came to the literature with poems and short stories, and later wrote more than 10 plays which have not gone from Azerbaijani scene of theater even now. The writer valued women character in his plays and even named some of his plays with the names of women: “Vefalı Seriye”, “Ulduz”, “Od gelini”, “Sevil”, “Almaz”. It makes women names in his plays more important. Personal names of various origins have been used in Jafar Jabbarli’s plays. Names from Turkic origin form a significant part of them. Women’s names are more common among the names of Turkic origin. This fact is especially characteristic for his later works. The examples show that women’s names of Turkic origin are common in J. Jabbarli’s plays. Most of them are the names made from verbs. The women’s names of Turkic origin used in J. Jabbarli’s plays later became common in Azerbaijani. Keywords: proper names, personal names, plays, classification
EXAMINATION OF THESIS RELATED TO WETLANDS IN THE CONTEXT OF EDUCATION AND TEACHING IN TURKEY
Authors: SÖNMEZ Derya
Published: September 2024

The aim of this research is to examine the thesis studies on wetlands in the context of education and training in Turkey. In the research, the document analysis method, one of the qualitative research designs, was used. The National Thesis Center database of the Council of Higher Education was used to determine the thesis studies on wetlands to be included in the research. Thesis studies on wetlands were reached on January 5, 2023. Three thesis studies, which were reached by writing the word "wetland" in the thesis scanning area and the word "education and training" in the subject area, were included in the sample. In the examination of thesis studies; The year it was published, the type of thesis, the university and institute where it was published, the research topic, the research method and the study group were taken as basis. According to the results of the research, the number of thesis studies on wetlands in the context of education and training in Turkey is low, the theses published are prepared by Gazi, Hacettepe and Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, the thesis studies are mostly prepared by educational sciences institutes, and the thesis studies are mostly quantitative researches. It was concluded that the study group of the theses consisted of secondary and high school students, wetland studies and 2018 science curriculum. In addition, it has been determined that the thesis study topics are related to the problem solving method in protecting wetlands, the factors affecting the tendency to protect wetlands, academic studies including wetland destruction and its importance in terms of environmental education. Keywords: Biodiversity, Environmental education, Education and training, Wetland.
DETERMINATION OF THE RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THE HAZAR LAKE NATURE PARK (ELAZIĞ) ACCORDING TO THE GÜLEZ METHOD
Authors: AKTAŞ Muhammed , BOYRAZ Zeki
Published: September 2024

This study was performed to determine the recreational potential of Hazar Lake Nature Park, which is located in Sivrice District of Elazığ Province. The Gülez method, which is used as a criterion in determining the recreational potential of nature parks in our country, was also used in this study. According to the method developed by Gülez, Hazar Gölü Tabiat Park’ının (Elazığ) Gülez Yöntemine Göre Rekreasyon Potansiyelinin Belirlenmesi / Determination of the Recreational Potential of the Hazar Lake Nature Park (Elaziğ) According to the Gülez Method the recreational potential of the Hazar Lake Nature Park was evaluated. In order to determine the recreational potential of the Hazar Lake Nature Park, we visited the study area many times in different periods of the year and made on-site observations in the nature park. According to the evaluations made according to the "Forest Area Recreation Potential Evaluation Form" in Gülez's article titled Determination of Forest Area Recreation Potential, the recreational potential of Hazar Lake Nature Park was found to be 85%. Improvements and arrangements to be made in the existing daily use areas within the recreational area will positively increase the existing recreational potential of the Hazar Lake Nature Park. Keywords: Gülez Method, Hazar Lake Nature Park, Sivrice, Recreation Potential, Protected Areas.
PENERAPAN EXTREME PROGRAMMING PADA PEMBUATAN APLIKASI BUKU TAMU ADAPTIF DI KANTOR KOMISI PEMILIHAN UMUM KOTA PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Erfan Muhammad , Kurniawan Tri Yohanes , Ashari Muhammad Halim , Veronika Yoshe Marwanda , Ofsiani Rini , Wulandari Desta , Tare Kristian Lai
Published: September 2024

The Guest Book Information System Application (SIBTa) is a technological solution introduced for the General Election Commission (KPU) of Palangkaraya City to optimize data management, increase administrative efficiency, and improve services to the community. This research describes the development, implementation and impact of the digital guestbook application at the Palangkaraya City KPU. This application is designed to replace the physical guestbook that was previously used, with the aim of reducing paper usage, saving time, and increasing data security. This research includes the design, testing and application implementation stages. The result is a system that can be easily used by visitors who come to the Palangkaraya City KPU office
LITERATUR REVIEW: EVALUASI PEMANFAATAN DATA WAREHOUSE DALAM TRANSFORMASI WAKTU
Authors: Azzahra Afifah , Aditya Putra , Wijaya Andri
Published: September 2024

In today's digital era, data has a very important role for various organizations and industrial sectors. One of the technological solutions used to manage and analyze large amounts of data is a data warehouse. Covers the time period from 2018 to 2022. The research results show that the role of data warehouses is increasingly vital in various domains, including television editorial, sales, administration, education, health, agriculture and other sectors. There is potential for further research involving more Case studies in less explored areas, such as the environment, energy or transport
Histomorphometric analysis of sun exposed and non- sun exposed area of human skin
Authors: Sharan Anjali , Saxena Swati , Agarwal Jolly , Pant Mahendra Kumar
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Knowledge of basic elements gives a clear vision of the structure of any organ. Skin is continuously being exposed to various external environmental factors, one of them is sun induced UV radiation, major environmental factor that affects the structure and function of human skin. On excessive exposure, UV radiation can cause premature aging and even skin cancer. Histological analysis of the variations among sun exposed and non-sun exposed human skin is of relevance in dermatologic research and dermatopharmacokinetics. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 10 male and 10 female human cadavers. The rectangle shaped skin specimen (1 cm × 1 cm) was taken from two sites sun exposed (forehead) and non sun exposed (lower abdomen) and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. A total of 40 slides were prepared. Readings were obtained with the help of cellSens/OLYMPUS Stream software, using UIS2 (Universal Infinity System) optical design camera fitted in the light microscope. Results: There were statistically significant differences among sun exposed and non-sun exposed area was found in epidermis (p=0.008 & r=0.754), no. of rete pegs (p=0.05 & r=0.573), no. of hair follicles (p=0.04 & r=0.565) and depth of rete pegs (p=0.03 & r=0.102). Conclusions: The mean value of epithelium of sun exposed site is marginally thicker than non-sun exposed sites. The number of rete pegs per field was higher in exposed site as compared to non-sun exposed site. Keywords: Dermatopharmacokinetics, Skin, Histomorphometry
Clinical significance of morphological and morphometrical analysis of foramen magnum
Authors: Mishra Sushma , Gupta Prerna , Prasad Hari
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The foramen magnum is a transitional zone between cranial cavity and spinal canal, and it is related with the very important neuro-vascular structures like vertebral arteries, spinal accessory nerves and spinal arteries and terminal part of medulla oblongata. Thus, cranio-cervical junction surgeries require a thorough knowledge about the variations in the morphometry and morphology of the foramen magnum. Materials and Methods: This study analyzed 70 dried human skulls from the Departments of Anatomy at TS Misra Medical College & Hospital, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, and KGMU, Lucknow. The shape of the foramen magnum was classified, and its transverse and anteroposterior (AP) diameters were measured using a vernier caliper. The foramen magnum index (FMI) and the foramen magnum area (FMA) were also calculated. Results: The foramen magnum showed six distinct shapes: oval (47%), round (30%), tetragonal (10%), triangular and irregular (10% each), pentagonal (2%), and hexagonal (1%). The average AP diameter was 34.3±2.90 mm, and the average transverse diameter was 28.9±2.80 mm. The average FMI was 77.80±27.80, while the average FMA was 845.90±87.50 mm². Conclusions: The data from this study are valuable for neurosurgeons performing surgeries at the cranio-cervical junction and posterior cranial fossa. Understanding the morphometric and morphological characteristics of the foramen magnum is crucial for the prognosis and treatment of neurological conditions like Arnold Chiari syndrome, achondroplasia, and posterior cranial fossa lesions. Keywords: Foramen magnum, Transcondylar approach, Foramen magnum index, Foramen magnum area, Transverse diameter (TD), Anteroposterior diameter, Trigonal