bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monte Carlo Vortical Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics for Simulating Turbulent Flows
Authors: Ye Xingyu , Wang Xiaokun , Xu Yanrui , Kosinka Jiří , Telea Alexandru C. , You Lihua , Zhang Jian Jun , Chang Jian
Published: April 2024

For vortex particle methods relying on SPH‐based simulations, the direct approach of iterating all fluid particles to capture velocity from vorticity can lead to a significant computational overhead during the Biot‐Savart summation process. To address this challenge, we present a Monte Carlo vortical smoothed particle hydrodynamics (MCVSPH) method for efficiently simulating turbulent flows within an SPH framework. Our approach harnesses a Monte Carlo estimator and operates exclusively within a pre‐sampled particle subset, thus eliminating the need for costly global iterations over all fluid particles. Our algorithm is decoupled from various projection loops which enforce incompressibility, independently handles the recovery of turbulent details, and seamlessly integrates with state‐of‐the‐art SPH‐based incompressibility solvers. Our approach rectifies the velocity of all fluid particles based on vorticity loss to respect the evolution of vorticity, effectively enforcing vortex motions. We demonstrate, by several experiments, that our MCVSPH method effectively preserves vorticity and creates visually prominent vortical motions.
Estimating Cloth Simulation Parameters From Tag Information and Cusick Drape Test
Authors: Ju Eunjung , Kim Kwang‐yun , Yoon Sungjin , Shim Eungjune , Kang Gyoo‐Chul , Chang Phil Sik , Choi Myung Geol
Published: April 2024

In recent years, the fashion apparel industry has been increasingly employing virtual simulations for the development of new products. The first step in virtual garment simulation involves identifying the optimal simulation parameters that accurately reproduce the drape properties of the actual fabric. Recent techniques advocate for a data‐driven approach, estimating parameters from outcomes of a Cusick drape test. Such methods deviate from standard Cusick drape tests, introducing high‐cost tools, which reduces practicality. Our research presents a more practical model, utilizing 2D silhouette images from the ISO‐standardized Cusick drape test. Notably, while past models have shown limitations in estimating stretching parameters, our novel approach leverages the fabric's tag information including fabric type and fiber composition. Our proposed model functions as a cascaded system: first, it estimates stretching parameters using tag information, then, in the subsequent step, it considers the estimated stretching parameters alongside the fabric sample's Cusick drape test results to determine bending parameters. We validated our model against existing methods and applied it in practical scenarios, showing promising outcomes. (see https://www.acm.org/publications/class-2012)
Allergic contact dermatitis to salicylic acid: A case series of relevant sensitization
Authors: Brumley Caroline , Arora Puneet , Neeley Anne , Hylwa Sara
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to salicylic acid (SA) is widely unreported. Furthermore, cross‐reactivity between SA and other salicylates has not been reported despite well‐documented in‐group salicylate cross‐reactivity.

Objective

To describe our clinic's experience patch testing to SA, highlighting seven cases of relevant reactions and concomitant reactivity with other salicylates.

Methods

Results of patch testing to 5% SA in petrolatum between 1 January 2020, and 9 February 2024, are reported. Seven cases of relevant reactions to SA are detailed.

Results

A total of 489 patients (27.5%) were tested to SA, 21 of which were positive: 7 doubtful (+/−), 14 weak positive (+), and no strong/extreme positive reactions. Four irritant reactions were documented. Of the 14 weak positive (+) reactions, 7 had definite or probable clinical relevance, 5 of which also reacted to other salicylates.

Conclusions

ACD to SA is likely underreported due to a lack of testing. In our experience, testing SA 5% petrolatum is tolerable without significant irritation. Cross‐reactivity between SA and other salicylates is probable. Though SA appears to be the primary sensitizer in some cases, more studies are needed to understand its possible role as a marker for salicylate allergy.
Psychometric validation of the hyperglycaemia avoidance scale UK (HAS‐UK)
Authors: McKechnie Vicky , Khan Shaila , Saunders Rob , Amiel Stephanie A. , Gonder‐Frederick Linda A. , Oliver Nick
Published: April 2024

Aims

Hyperglycaemia aversion in type 1 diabetes can be associated with severe hypoglycaemia and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia but is not routinely assessed clinically. This study aimed to undertake the first psychometric validation of the UK version of the Hyperglycaemia Avoidance Scale (HAS‐UK).

Methods

The HAS‐UK was completed by adults with type 1 diabetes in three separate research studies. Psychometric properties were evaluated, using exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency, and convergent validity.

Results

Of the 431 participants who completed the HAS‐UK in the three studies, mean age was 49.5 years, and 58.0% were women. Mean duration of diabetes was 29 years, with 192 (44.5%) using multiple daily injections and 229 (53.1%) using an insulin pump. Five participants were excluded from analyses due to incomplete HAS‐UK responses. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 3‐factor solution, with acceptable internal consistency for ‘worry’ and ‘blood glucose decisions’ factors. HAS‐UK total score was higher in those using insulin pumps versus multiple daily injections, and ‘blood glucose decisions’ score was higher in those using a continuous blood glucose sensor versus a meter.

Conclusions

The HAS‐UK is a reliable measure with acceptable structural validity and is likely to be useful for evaluating hyperglycaemia aversion in people with type 1 diabetes. Future research would benefit from investigating further psychometric properties including test–retest reliability, sensitivity to change, and clinical significance of scores.
Association of lifestyle with reduced stroke risk in 41 314 individuals with diabetes: Two prospective cohort studies in China
Authors: Su Jian , Fan Xikang , Li Mengyao , Yu Hao , Geng Houyue , Qin Yu , Lu Yan , Pei Pei , Sun Dianjianyi , Yu Canqing , Lv Jun , Tao Ran , Zhou Jinyi , Ma Hongxia , Wu Ming
Published: April 2024

Aim

To investigate the associations of individual and combined healthy lifestyle factors (HLS) with the risk of stroke in individuals with diabetes in China.

Methods

This prospective analysis included 41 314 individuals with diabetes [15 191 from the Comprehensive Research on the Prevention and Control of the Diabetes (CRPCD) project and 26 123 from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study]. Associations of lifestyle factors, including cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, diet, body shape and sleep duration, with the risk of stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and ischaemic stroke (IS) were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

During median follow‐up periods of 8.02 and 9.05 years, 2499 and 4578 cases of stroke, 2147 and 4024 of IS, and 160 and 728 of ICH were documented in individuals with diabetes in the CRPCD and CKB cohorts, respectively. In the CRPCD cohort, patients with ≥5 HLS had a 14% lower risk of stroke (hazard ratio (HR): 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75‐0.98) than those with ≤2 HLS. In the CKB cohort, the adjusted HR (95% CI) for patients with ≥5 HLS were 0.74 (0.66‐0.83) for stroke, 0.74 (0.66‐0.83) for IS, and 0.57 (0.42‐0.78) for ICH compared with those with ≤2 HLS. The pooled adjusted HR (95% CI) comparing patients with ≥5 HLS versus ≤2 HLS was 0.79 (0.69‐0.92) for stroke, 0.80 (0.68‐0.93) for IS, and 0.60 (0.46‐0.78) for ICH.

Conclusions

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle was associated with a lower risk of stroke, IS and ICH among individuals with diabetes.
Building aspiring teachers' capabilities, professional and skill development: Auspice to quality teaching practice in technical vocational education and training institutions
Authors: Shodipe Olabanji Taiwo , Ogbuanya Chinyere Theresa
Published: April 2024

There is an increasing need to train and retrain personnel that would be saddled with the capabilities, professional and skill developmental requirement that meets societal needs. In this case, there is need for adequately trained personnel that will bridge the gap between societal needs; industrial needs with classroom instructions and vice versa. Therefore, this study examines the influence of building aspiring teachers' capabilities, professional and skill development as an auspice to quality teaching activities in technical vocational education and training institutions. Samples were selected using a multistage sampling technique. The collected data from 945 aspiring teachers was analysed using empirical analysis with AMOS SPSS v.23. Hayes PROCESS macro was used for mediation analyses. The result of the study indicated that self‐efficacy and professional skills with knowledge of instructional delivery and personal capabilities have strong significant linkage. There is also a mediating interaction of attention to relationship on the relationship between constructive teaching and personal capabilities. TVET institutions should ensure continuous professional development by concentrating on the requirements concerning teaching and learning, individual resources and social support for coping with various requirements.
Health care disparities in morbidity and mortality in adults with acute and remote status epilepticus: A national study
Authors: Tantillo Gabriela B. , Dongarwar Deepa , Venkatasubba Rao Chethan P. , Johnson Amari , Camey Stephanie , Reyes Oriana , Baroni Mariana , Kapur Jaideep , Salihu Hamisu M. , Jetté Nathalie
Published: April 2024

Objective

Although disparities have been described in epilepsy care, their contribution to status epilepticus (SE) and associated outcomes remains understudied.

Methods

We used the 2010–2019 National Inpatient Sample to identify SE hospitalizations using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM)/ICD‐10‐CM codes. SE prevalence was stratified by demographics. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring, intubation, tracheostomy, gastrostomy, and mortality.

Results

There were 486 861 SE hospitalizations (2010–2019), primarily at urban teaching hospitals (71.3%). SE prevalence per 10 000 admissions was 27.3 for non‐Hispanic (NH)‐Blacks, 16.1 for NH‐Others, 15.8 for Hispanics, and 13.7 for NH‐Whites (p < .01). SE prevalence was higher in the lowest (18.7) compared to highest income quartile (18.7 vs. 14, p < .01). Older age was associated with intubation, tracheostomy, gastrostomy, and in‐hospital mortality. Those ≥80 years old had the highest odds of intubation (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.43–1.58), tracheostomy (OR = 2, 95% CI = 1.75–2.27), gastrostomy (OR = 3.37, 95% CI = 2.97–3.83), and in‐hospital mortality (OR = 6.51, 95% CI = 5.95–7.13). Minority populations (NH‐Black, NH‐Other, and Hispanic) had higher odds of tracheostomy and gastrostomy compared to NH‐White populations. NH‐Black people had the highest odds of tracheostomy (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.57–1.86) and gastrostomy (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.65–1.92). The odds of receiving EEG monitoring rose progressively with higher income quartile (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.34–1.62 for the highest income quartile) and was higher for those in urban teaching compared to rural hospitals (OR = 12.72, 95% CI = 8.92–18.14). Odds of mortality were lower (compared to NH‐Whites) in NH‐Blacks (OR = .71, 95% CI = .67–.75), Hispanics (OR = .82, 95% CI = .76–.89), and those in the highest income quartiles (OR = .9, 95% CI = .84–.97).

Significance

Disparities exist in SE prevalence, tracheostomy, and gastrostomy utilization across age, race/ethnicity, and income. Older age and lower income are also associated with mortality. Access to EEG monitoring is modulated by income and urban teaching hospital status. Older adults, racial/ethnic minorities, and populations of lower income or rural location may represent vulnerable populations meriting increased attention to improve health outcomes and reduce disparities.
Arctic plasmidome analysis reveals distinct relationships among associated antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes along anthropogenic gradients
Authors: Makowska‐Zawierucha Nicoletta , Trzebny Artur , Zawierucha Krzysztof , Manthapuri Vineeth , Bradley James A. , Pruden Amy
Published: April 2024

Polar regions are relatively isolated from human activity and thus could offer insight into anthropogenic and ecological drivers of the spread of antibiotic resistance. Plasmids are of particular interest in this context given the central role that they are thought to play in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, plasmidomes are challenging to profile in environmental samples. The objective of this study was to compare various aspects of the plasmidome associated with glacial ice and adjacent aquatic environments across the high Arctic archipelago of Svalbard, representing a gradient of anthropogenic inputs and specific treated and untreated wastewater outflows to the sea. We accessed plasmidomes by applying enrichment cultures, plasmid isolation and shotgun Illumina sequencing of environmental samples. We examined the abundance and diversity of ARGs and other stress‐response genes that might be co/cross‐selected or co‐transported in these environments, including biocide resistance genes (BRGs), metal resistance genes (MRGs), virulence genes (VGs) and integrons. We found striking differences between glacial ice and aquatic environments in terms of the ARGs carried by plasmids. We found a strong correlation between MRGs and ARGs in plasmids in the wastewaters and fjords. Alternatively, in glacial ice, VGs and BRGs genes were dominant, suggesting that glacial ice may be a repository of pathogenic strains. Moreover, ARGs were not found within the cassettes of integrons carried by the plasmids, which is suggestive of unique adaptive features of the microbial communities to their extreme environment. This study provides insight into the role of plasmids in facilitating bacterial adaptation to Arctic ecosystems as well as in shaping corresponding resistomes. Increasing human activity, warming of Arctic regions and associated increases in the meltwater run‐off from glaciers could contribute to the release and spread of plasmid‐related genes from Svalbard to the broader pool of ARGs in the Arctic Ocean.
Bio‐innovation for environmental sustainability: Asymmetric nexus between bioenergy technology budgets and ecological footprint
Authors: Li Zhuangkuo , Wang Chen , Shi Pengman , Murshed Muntasir , Ali Sajid
Published: April 2024

As the world grapples with sustainable energy and environmental preservation challenges, budgeting for bio‐resilience emerges as a pivotal step toward environmental sustainability. Our investigation delves into the influence of bioenergy technology budgets on the ecological footprint (ECF) in the top 10 nations that invest in bioenergy research and development (USA, China, Brazil, Germany, Japan, Canada, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands). Prior research depended on panel data methods to explore the bioenergy technology‐environment nexus, disregarding the specific traits of individual countries. Contrarily, the existing research applies the quantile‐on‐quantile tool to improve the precision of our analysis by delivering a holistic worldwide viewpoint and customized perceptions for every economy. The findings indicate that dedicating budgets to bioenergy technology improves environmental quality by reducing ECF across several quantiles within our sample nations. Moreover, the outcomes uncover unique patterns in these relationships across multiple countries. These results stress the significance of policymakers conducting exhaustive assessments and implementing productive tactics to address bioenergy technology funding and ECF changes.
Resisting sexisms, aggression, and burnout in academic leadership: Surviving in the gendered managerial academy
Authors: Haynes Kathryn
Published: April 2024

How is it possible to survive as a woman senior leader in the gendered managerial academy? In this autoethnographical article, I illustrate the lived reality, insecurity, and struggle of academic leadership. Drawing from three vignettes, I discuss decision‐making processes, blatant sexist aggressions, and the problematic negation of affect and personal life. Their critical contribution is to expose the consequences of gendered managerialism in the neo‐liberal academy and the false promise of ‘leadership’, in which women continue to experience gender challenges, sexism, and the risk of burnout in their everyday experiences. However, I also show how it is possible to counter the detrimental effects of gendered managerialism through four forms of resistance: resistance through embodied affective authenticity; resistance through solidarities, and social relations with others; resistance through feminist activism; and resistance by stepping back.
The (in)visibility of deafness: Identity, stigma, quality of life and the potential role of totally implantable cochlear implants
Authors: Lo Chi Yhun , Clay‐Williams Robyn , Elks Beth , Warren Chris , Rapport Frances
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The disclosure of deafness is complex, given the historic and on‐going stigma associated with being deaf. The aim of this study was to explore how identity, stigma, and quality of life may be impacted when using cochlear implants (CIs) and totally implantable cochlear implants (TICIs). The physical difference between these two assistive listening devices is significant, given many CI users opt to hide their sound processor behind hair or headwear, in contrast to TICIs (an emerging technology) whereby all components are implanted internally and thus invisible.

Methods

This qualitative study involved semistructured interviews and demographic questionnaires with 12 adult participants with more than 1 year of experience using their CI. Participants were recruited Australia‐wide through community organisations that support deaf and hard‐of‐hearing individuals. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically, with the themes generated through an inductive process, with consensus generated through group working with three members from the research team.

Results

Four major themes were identified: (1) CI challenges; (2) The importance of social and support networks; (3) Identity and disclosure and (4) Concerns about TICIs. The underlying finding was centred around the construction of deaf identity. Participant attitudes were generally categorised as ‘Loud and proud’, with the recognition that displaying the CI was an extension of self, something to be proud of, and a means to normalise deafness; or ‘Out of sight and out of mind’, which sought to minimise the visibility of deafness. While both identities differed in how deafness is disclosed, they are fundamentally related to the same ideas of self‐agency and empowerment.

Conclusion

TICIs present a novel opportunity—the ability for CI users to control the visibility of their deafness and thus control disclosure. This study explored the impact of stigma and categorised two core identities that CI users construct. Future directions include investigating potential CI candidates, to explore if TICIs may be a facilitator to CI uptake.

Patient or Public Contribution

The semistructured interview guide was developed in consultation with adults with CIs. Feedback led to adjustments and improvement to the interview guide. In addition, F. R. has a lived experience with hearing loss, and C. Y. L. is an executive committee member for a nonprofit charity organisation that supports families that are D/deaf and hard‐of‐hearing.
Relationship of high‐fidelity simulation experience, clinical reasoning, and clinical competence of new nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Park Hyeran , Lee Young Joo , Moser Debra K. , Lee JuHee
Published: April 2024

Aim

This study aimed to determine which high‐fidelity simulation (HFS) experiences were associated with clinical reasoning and clinical competence among new nurses.

Background

HFS has been actively used in nursing education. It is necessary to verify the effects of HFS transfer to the clinical environment.

Design

A cross‐sectional study reported following STROBE criteria.

Methods

Data were collected on new nurses (n = 224) who experienced HFS in their fourth‐year undergraduate courses. The number of HFSs, the inclusion of simulation elements, the importance of elements to learning, clinical reasoning, and clinical competence were measured. Hierarchical regression models examined factors associated with clinical reasoning and clinical competence.

Results

Feedback was the most sufficiently included element of the HFS learning, and participants perceived it as the most important. A significant factor associated with clinical competence was clinical reasoning, and HFS design indirectly affected clinical competence through clinical reasoning.

Conclusions

HFS learning is one of the best ways to improve clinical reasoning. Improving students' clinical reasoning should be an important goal of HFS learning in undergraduate courses to prepare students to be clinically competent nurses.

Implications for nursing

The ultimate goal of nursing education is to prepare nursing students to be competent nurses. Validating the outcomes of nursing education in the clinical environment setting is an essential task to improve clinical practice.

Implications for nursing policy

Nurse educators and leaders can increase nurses' clinical competence by emphasizing education to foster nurses' clinical reasoning in nursing education policies.
An educational intervention for improving knowledge, attitude, and practice of dietary salt intake among individuals with hypertension in public sector secondary care facilities, Agra, India, 2021
Authors: Jain Piyush , Murali Sharan , Mariam Jacob Quincy , Shivashankar Roopa , Srivastava Arun , Joseph Bency , Raju Mohankumar , Nesan S Manikanda , Damasceno Albertino , Kaur Prabhdeep
Published: April 2024

We conducted a pre‐post intervention study to determine knowledge, attitude, and practice toward dietary salt intake before, immediately, and 1‐month after nurse‐led one‐on‐one counseling. We purposively selected three public health facilities in Agra, India, and enrolled all eligible hypertensive patients aged 18–60 under treatment for ≥6 months. Of the 153 patients at the 1‐month follow‐up, counseling improved knowledge (4% vs. 42%, p < .001), a greater prioritization of a low salt diet (34% vs. 52%, p < .001), and practice of adding less salt to the dough (48% to 41%, p < .001). The counseling intervention improved knowledge, attitude, and practice toward dietary salt intake.
Long non‐coding RNA H19 mediates osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through the miR‐29b‐3p/DKK1 axis
Authors: Qin Sen , Liu Da
Published: April 2024

Single immobilization theory cannot fully account for the extensive bone loss observed after spinal cord injury (SCI). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are crucial in bone homeostasis because they possess self‐renewal capabilities and various types of differentiation potential. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of long non‐coding RNA H19 in osteoporosis after SCI and provide new research directions for existing prevention strategies. We used small interfering RNA to knockdown H19 expression and regulated miR‐29b‐2p expression using miR‐29b‐3p mimetics and inhibitors. Western blotting, real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR, Alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase staining and double‐luciferase reporter gene assays were used to assess gene expression, osteogenic ability and binding sites. lncRNA H19 was upregulated in BMSCs from the osteoporosis group, whereas miR‐29b‐3p was downregulated. We identified the binding sites between miR‐29b‐3p and lncRNAs H19 and DKK1. H19 knockdown promoted BMSCs' osteogenic differentiation, whereas miR‐29b‐3p inhibition attenuated this effect. We discovered potential binding sites for miR‐29b‐3p in lncRNAs H19 and DKK1. Our findings suggest that long non‐coding RNA H19 mediates BMSCs' osteogenic differentiation in osteoporosis after SCI through the miR‐29b‐3p/DKK1 axis and by directly inhibiting the β‐catenin signalling pathway.
Expression of human dCTP pyrophosphatase 1 (DCTPP1) and its association with cisplatin resistance characteristics in ovarian cancer
Authors: Wang Yu , Chen Xiangyun , Chen Qiduan , Liu Tiancai , Wu Yingsong , Huang Liping , Chen Yao
Published: April 2024

Cisplatin (DDP) resistance is a major challenge in treating ovarian cancer patients. A recently discovered enzyme called dCTP pyrophosphatase 1 (DCTPP1) has been implicated in regulating cancer characteristics, including drug responses. In this study, we aimed to understand the role of DCTPP1 in cancer progression and cisplatin response. Using publicly available databases, we analysed the expression and clinical significance of DCTPP1 in ovarian cancer. Our bioinformatics analysis confirmed that DCTPP1 is significantly overexpressed in ovarian cancer and is closely associated with tumour progression and poor prognosis after cisplatin treatment. We also found that DCTPP1 located in oxidoreductase complex and may be involved in various biological processes related to cisplatin resistance, including pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism, the P53 signalling pathway and cell cycle signalling pathways. We observed higher expression of DCTPP1 in cisplatin‐resistant cells (SKOV3/DDP) and samples compared to their sensitive counterparts. Additionally, we found that DCTPP1 expression was only enhanced in SKOV3/S cells when treated with cisplatin, indicating different expression patterns of DCTPP1 in cisplatin‐sensitive and cisplatin‐resistant cancer cells. Our study further supports the notion that cisplatin induces intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggers cancer cell death through excessive oxidative stress. Knocking out DCTPP1 reversed the drug resistance of ovarian cancer cells by enhancing the intracellular antioxidant stress response and accumulating ROS. Based on our research findings, we conclude that DCTPP1 has prognostic value for ovarian cancer patients, and targeting DCTPP1 may be clinically significant in overcoming cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer.
Translucency of bulk‐fill composite materials: A systematic review
Authors: Paolone Gaetano , Baldani Sofia , De Masi Niccolò , Mandurino Mauro , Collivasone Giacomo , Scotti Nicola , Gherlone Enrico , Cantatore Giuseppe
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To conduct a systematic review on the translucency of bulk‐fill (BF) composite materials, evaluating the factors influencing it and its clinical implications.

Materials and Methods

A systematic search was performed on four databases (Embase, Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) for articles published until October 2, 2023. Search terms were: “translucency,” “translucency parameter,” “contrast,” “contrast ratio,” “bulk,” “bulk‐fill,” “bulk fill,” “composite,” “resin,” “resin based,” “resin‐based,” “restoration,” and “dental.” In vitro studies, written in English language, investigating BF resin‐based composites translucency were included. The risk of bias was performed with the RoBDEMAT tool.

Results

Of 590 screened articles, 13 were included in this review. They investigated 11 high‐viscosity BF and 5 low viscosity ones. The limited number of the identified studies and the heterogeneity of the extracted data did not allow to conduct a meta‐analysis.

Conclusions

BF materials exhibit variability in translucency due to variations in experimental designs and the heterogeneous composition.

Clinical Significance

BFs may behave differently in masking the substrate or in blending capacity.
Freeze–thawed characteristics of lactone tofu under the synergy of low‐frequency electrostatic field
Authors: Deng Yawen , Yun Xueyan , Lu Yueyuan , Wang Yangyang , Zhang Xiaoyu , Dong Tungalag
Published: April 2024

The formation and melting of ice crystals bring undesirable changes to the gel structure of frozen food. To explore the role of Low‐frequency electrostatic field (LFE‐field) in the freeze–thaw quality of protein‐rich foods, the freezing temperature, thawing temperature, and the participation of the LFE‐field were used as variables to orthogonally optimize the treatment of tofu. The sensory score, color, moisture, aerobic bacterial count, and micromorphology were recorded to evaluate the quality variation of tofu. When be frozen at −50°C and thawed at 10°C, tofu maintains 91.1% hardness and 87.0% elasticity hinging on the effect of LFE‐field. When be frozen at −60°C in LFE‐field and thawed at 10°C, tofu maintains 90.7% hardness and 89.7% elasticity. The LFE‐field treatment also increased the water retention capacity and reduced the damage of ice crystals to the protein matrix structure of tofu. In addition, the LFE‐field has minimal impact influence on the tofu's color.

Practical applications

The low‐frequency electrostatic field (LFE‐field) treatment increased the water retention capacity and reduced the damage of ice crystals to the protein matrix structure of tofu during the freeze–thaw process. In the future, the small LFE‐field could easily be installed in refrigerator and used for long time freezing preservation protein rich food to extend its shelf life and improve the storage quality, such as cheese, tofu, etc.
Idiopathic condylar resorption in adolescents: A scoping review
Authors: Nobrega Marina Tavares Costa , Almeida Fabiana T. , Friesen Reid , Davis Clayton , Major Paul W.
Published: April 2024

Objective

Idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR), also known as progressive condylar resorption, is poorly understood, particularly in adolescent patients. Therefore, this scoping review aims to summarize the available literature on the prevalence, aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic process, treatment and/or any outcome regarding ICR in adolescent individuals.

Methods

This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and its extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA‐ScR), as well as Joanna Briggs Institute studies. The search strategy was defined adopting a core search structure for each source, and the search was performed on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar. After duplicate removal, two independent reviewers screened abstracts, followed by complete articles, to achieve the definition of included studies. Data collection was performed, and the extracted data were organized in tabular form, along with a narrative summary of main findings that aligns with the objective of this review.

Results

Six observational studies were included in this review. Three studies focused on signs and symptoms, one on prevalence and signs and symptoms, one on treatment and one on disease pathogenesis.

Conclusion

This scoping review revealed inadequate published research regarding prevalence, aetiology, early diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment of ICR in adolescents.
Change in parental knowledge and beliefs about early childhood dental caries following a pragmatic community‐based trial
Authors: Lumsden Christie L. , Edelstein Burton L. , Leu Cheng‐Shiun , Zhang Jiaqing , Rubin Marcie S. , Andrews Howard
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To evaluate parent knowledge and belief changes following the MySmileBuddy (MSB) early childhood caries (ECC) intervention.

Methods

Pre‐ and post‐intervention surveys were completed by 669 parents of children with visually‐evident ECC from among 977 participants in a 6–12‐month pragmatic community‐based caries management trial administered by community health workers (CHWs). Six domains of knowledge about caries and motivating and facilitating determinants were assessed via 26 survey items. Principal components analysis and reliability testing reduced dataset dimensionality. Parent and CHW characteristics were analyzed as potential moderators. Paired T‐tests measured pre‐to‐post‐intervention changes. Generalized estimating equations accounted for within‐participant correlation with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results

Twenty items consolidated into five factors (saliva, hygiene, diet, seriousness/susceptibility, and outcome expectations). Six additional items were evaluated individually. Positive post‐intervention changes (p < 0.0001) were observed across all factors and all but one individual item (tooth decay is very common). Greatest knowledge increases related to caries as a bacterial disease in two measures, the saliva factor and a single caries belief item tooth decay is an infectious disease (0.59 unit increase, 95% CI [0.55, 0.64] and 0.46 unit increase, 95% CI [0.4, 0.51], respectively), and in the value of fluoridated water over bottled (0.46 unit increase, 95% CI [0.39–0.53]). Most parents improved knowledge of ECC salivary (72%) and dietary risks (57%), and preventative hygiene behaviors (59%).

Conclusions

MSB enhanced knowledge and beliefs about caries and confirmed hypothesized mediators of behavior change among parents of high‐risk children. Engaging peer‐like CHW interventionists may have moderated intervention effects, warranting further exploration.
Genomic insights on conservation priorities for North Sea houting and European lake whitefish (Coregonusspp.)
Authors: Tengstedt Aja Noersgaard Buur , Liu Shenglin , Jacobsen Magnus W. , Gundlund Camilla , Møller Peter Rask , Berg Søren , Bekkevold Dorte , Hansen Michael M.
Published: April 2024

Population genomics analysis holds great potential for informing conservation of endangered populations. We focused on a controversial case of European whitefish (Coregonusspp.) populations. The endangered North Sea houting is the only coregonid fish that tolerates oceanic salinities and was previously considered a species (C. oxyrhinchus) distinct from European lake whitefish (C. lavaretus). However, no firm evidence for genetic‐based salinity adaptation has been available. Also, studies based on microsatellite and mitogenome data suggested surprisingly recent divergence (c. 2500 years bp) between houting and lake whitefish. These data types furthermore have provided no evidence for possible inbreeding. Finally, a controversial taxonomic revision recently classified all whitefish in the region asC. maraena, calling conservation priorities of houting into question. We used whole‐genome and ddRAD sequencing to analyse six lake whitefish populations and the only extant indigenous houting population. Demographic inference indicated post‐glacial expansion and divergence between lake whitefish and houting occurring not long after the Last Glaciation, implying deeper population histories than previous analyses. Runs of homozygosity analysis suggested not only high inbreeding (FROHup to 30.6%) in some freshwater populations but alsoFROHup to 10.6% in the houting prompting conservation concerns. Finally, outlier scans provided evidence for adaptation to high salinities in the houting. Applying a framework for defining conservation units based on current and historical reproductive isolation and adaptive divergence led us to recommend that the houting be treated as a separate conservation unit regardless of species status. In total, the results underscore the potential of genomics to inform conservation practices, in this case clarifying conservation units and highlighting populations of concern.
A dynamic graph deep learning model with multivariate empirical mode decomposition for network‐wide metro passenger flow prediction
Authors: Huang Hao , Mao Jiannan , Kang Leilei , Lu Weike , Zhang Sijia , Liu Lan
Published: April 2024

Network‐wide short‐term passenger flow prediction is critical for the operation and management of metro systems. However, it is challenging due to the inherent non‐stationarity, nonlinearity, and spatial–temporal dependencies within passenger flow. To tackle these challenges, this paper introduces a hybrid model called multi‐scale dynamic propagation spatial–temporal network (MSDPSTN). Specifically, the model employs multivariate empirical mode decomposition to jointly decompose the multivariate passenger flow into multi‐scale intrinsic mode functions. Then, a set of dynamic graphs is developed to reveal the passenger propagation law in metro networks. Based on the representation, a deep learning model is proposed to achieve multistep passenger flow prediction, which employs the dynamic propagation graph attention network with long short‐term memory to extract the spatial–temporal dependencies. Extensive experiments conducted on a real‐world dataset from Chengdu, China, validate the superiority of the proposed model. Compared to state‐of‐the‐art baselines, MSDPSTN reduces the mean absolute error, root mean squared error, and mean absolute percentage error by at least 3.243%, 4.451%, and 4.139%, respectively. Further quantitative analyses confirm the effectiveness of the components in MSDPSTN. This paper contributes to addressing inherent features of passenger flow to enhance prediction performance, offering critical insights for decision‐makers in implementing real‐time operational strategies.
Streptococcus salivarius ameliorates the destructive effect on the epithelial barrier by inhibiting the growth of Prevotella melaninogenica via metabolic acid production
Authors: Zhu Pingyi , Shao Ruru , Xu Pan , Zhao Ruowen , Zhao Chen , Fei Jian , He Yuan
Published: April 2024

Background

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosal diseases, exhibiting a higher prevalence in women than men, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. Current research suggests that microbial dysbiosis may play an important role in the pathogenesis of OLP. Our previous research has found that the increase of Prevotella melaninogenica and decrease of Streptococcus salivarius have been identified as a potential pathogenic factor in OLP. Consequently, the objective of this study is to examine whether S. salivarius can counteract the detrimental effects of P. melaninogenica on the integrity of the epithelial barrier function.

Materials and methods

Epithelial barrier disruption was induced by P. melaninogenica in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). HaCaT cells were pretreated with S. salivarius(MOI = 20) or cell‐free supernatant for 3 h, followed by treatment with P. melaninogenica (MOI = 5) for 3 h. The epithelial barrier integrity of HaCaT cells was detected by FD4 permeability. The mRNA level of tight junction protein was detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immunofluorescence and Western Blot were used to detect the protein expression of zonula occludin‐1 (ZO‐1). The serial dilution‐spotting assay was applied to monitor the viability of P. melaninogenica at the end of 8 and 24 h incubation.

Results

Challenge by P. melaninogenica decreased the levels of tight junction proteins, including occludin, ZO‐1, and claudin in HaCaT cells. S. salivarius or its cell‐free supernatant inhibited the down‐regulation of ZO‐1 mRNA and protein expression levels induced by P. melaninogenica and thus improved the epithelial barrier function. The inhibitory effect of the cell‐free supernatant of S. salivarius on the growth of P. melaninogenica is associated with metabolic acid production rather than with bacteriocins and hydrogen peroxide.

Conclusions

These results suggest that live S. salivarius or its cell‐free supernatant significantly ameliorated the disruption of epithelial tight junctions induced by P. melaninogenica, likely through the inhibition of P. melaninogenica growth mediated by metabolic acid production.
Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ma Changsheng , Wu Shulin , Liu Shaowen , Han Yaling
Published: April 2024

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, significantly impacting patients' quality of life and increasing the risk of death, stroke, heart failure, and dementia. Over the past two decades, there have been significant breakthroughs in AF risk prediction and screening, stroke prevention, rhythm control, catheter ablation, and integrated management. During this period, the scale, quality, and experience of AF management in China have greatly improved, providing a solid foundation for the development of the guidelines for the diagnosis and management of AF. To further promote standardized AF management, and apply new technologies and concepts to clinical practice timely and fully, the Chinese Society of Cardiology of Chinese Medical Association and the Heart Rhythm Committee of Chinese Society of Biomedical Engineering jointly developed the Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation. The guidelines comprehensively elaborated on various aspects of AF management and proposed the CHA2DS2‑VASc‑60 stroke risk score based on the characteristics of the Asian AF population. The guidelines also reevaluated the clinical application of AF screening, emphasized the significance of early rhythm control, and highlighted the central role of catheter ablation in rhythm control.
Penal state power in Latin America: Cases, concepts and questions for the political sociology of penality
Authors: Santos Maria‐Fátima
Published: April 2024

Examining penality across different regions and periods of time allows us to develop both a robust empirical imaginary and conceptual understanding of the commonalities and variation in how penal state power operates. In this article I elaborate key dimensions of penality in contemporary Latin America. Since the late 20th century, Latin American countries have undergone economic and political transformations with profound effects for the organization of their societies and the features and implications of penal state power. First, I situate research on penal state practices in Latin American countries within the broader dynamics of violence and social conflict across the region. Second, I review scholarship on the relationship between the features of penal state policies and reform in the region and the transformative, procedural and cultural dimensions of democracy. Third, I describe initiatives to expand state capacities to incarcerate criminalized people at an unprecedented scale and clarify the relationship of carceral administration to social order and political legitimacy across Latin America. I then conclude by elaborating how penality in Latin America contributes to our broader understanding of the relationship between penal power, state authority, and inequality; and I highlight three lines of inquiry for future research.
Examining the trajectory of relational conflict leading up to and after an anticipated stressor
Authors: DiGiovanni Ana M. , Gresham Abriana M. , Yip‐Bannicq Marika , Bolger Niall
Published: April 2024

A wealth of research suggests that as stress increases, so does conflict in close relationships. But is this always the case? Specifically, how does the trajectory of conflict unfold in the period before and after an acute and anticipated major life stressor? We capitalize on a 44‐day dyadic diary where one partner was preparing for the New York State Bar Exam (N = 312 couples) to explore the trajectory of conflict leading up to the exam, as well as how these patterns differed once exams finished. Results revealed that examinees and partners reported statistically meaningful decreases in conflict as exams approached, which contrasts prior research. This was followed by a spike in the likelihood of conflict immediately after exams were finished, and a quick return to low likelihoods of conflict one week after exams. This work highlights how couples, even in the face of stress, regulate their emotions and engage in relationship maintenance processes. However, relationship frustrations tend to be expressed—resulting in conflict—once the stressor is over. Not only does this work inform theories about relational conflict during times of stress, but it also highlights the need to study the dynamics of stress before, during, and after meaningful life events.
From fear to hate: Sources of anti‐Asian sentiment during COVID‐19
Authors: Dai Yaoyao , Gao Jingjing , Radford Benjamin J.
Published: April 2024

Objective

This paper seeks to explain and empirically test how a public health crisis, such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, might lead to discriminatory attitudes and behaviors against marginalized groups.

Method

We identify four causal mechanisms that may account for the increase in anti‐Asian racism during COVID‐19. Using a large data set of geolocated COVID‐19‐related tweets in the U.S., we examine the spatiotemporal pattern of anti‐Asian sentiment on Twitter and test all four mechanisms that link the crisis to the behaviors of “othering” and “scapegoating.”

Results

We find evidence consistent with the elite cueing, perceived threat, and grievance mechanisms. The president's scapegoating rhetoric significantly increased anti‐Asian hate tweets across all counties. In addition, high COVID‐19 infection rates and grievances from containment policies are also associated with greater numbers of anti‐Asian hate tweets. On the other hand, counties with larger vulnerable populations do not seem to have more anti‐Asian hate tweets.

Conclusions

We demonstrate that a crisis alone does not necessarily lead to othering behavior, while elite rhetoric can significantly influence the public's opinion and behavior during a crisis.
Two novel HLA class II alleles, HLA‐DRB1*09:57 and HLA‐DRB1*09:58 in Chinese individuals
Authors: Zou Hong‐Yan , Quan Zhan‐Rou , Yang Bing‐Na , Liu Jie , He Liu‐Mei
Published: April 2024

Compared with HLA‐DRB1*09:01:02:05, the alleles HLA‐DRB1*09:57 and HLA‐DRB1*09:58 each show one nucleotide change, respectively.
Édouard Glissant and the importance of reading well: Opacitic‐reading as geographic method
Authors: Jeyasingh Tara Elisabeth
Published: April 2024

With what intentions and expectations does one arrive at reading a new philosophical text? In the case of the late Martinican thinker Édouard Glissant, engaging with his work usually begins from the premise that his thought is adapted from, or indebted to, that of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. In this paper I seek to intervene in these non‐representational aspects of our thinking that escape habituated perception and condition, yet colour our reading and thus our resulting research and writing. If — as Paul Gilroy writes, ‘Glissant's time is now’, how do we as geographers respond? I argue that rather than reject the association of Glissant's work with Deleuze and Guattari's, the more philosophically, poetic, and politically challenging and creative task comes from reconceptualising their relationship to one of connection. In order to do this, I begin with Glissant's concept of ‘opacity’, which supports difference against assimilation and which Katherine McKittrick understands as a political tool. Taking this tool in hand, I develop my conceptualisation of the opacitic to refer to the staging or taking‐place of this opacity on a subterranean and micro‐political level. Opacitic‐reading as method contends how our reading of philosophical texts can create anew moments of clarity and connection through complexity, rather than aspiring towards transparent understanding that seeks to ‘grasp’ ideas and hold onto them. For geographers, opacitic‐reading intervenes in important debates about reading Glissant specifically, engaging with the work of so‐called minority thinkers from Western perspectives, as well as contributing to broader debates about how geographers engage with philosophy and theory.