bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fisetin Induced Cell Death in Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines via ZBP1 Mediated Necroptosis.
Authors: Liu Yaxian , Cao Wenhong , Zhao Yanhui , Shan Lijuan , Lan Shuhai
Published: June 2021

Background: Ovarian cancer leads to severe female mortality among all reproductive cancers. Fisetin, a natural flavonoid, exerts pharmacological characteristics on inhibiting cancer growth from various origins. Although multiple mechanisms involving in regulating cell death, there is still unclear if and how fisetin exhibits anti-cancer effect on ovarian cancer. The presented study aimed to evaluate cell apoptotic and necroptotic processes occurring in ovarian carcinoma (OC) cell lines induced by fisetin Methods: Cell growth was evaluated by MTT assay in both OC cell lines treated with or without fisetin. Annexin V/Propidium iodide staining followed by flow cytometry were used to characterize fisetin induced cell death. The apoptotic process was suppressed by z-VAD intervention then cell necroptosis was assessed by introducing ZBP1 knockdown OC cell lines coupled with fisetin intervention. The expression of necroptosis-related mediators and migration capability of respective cells were evaluated by western blotting and in vitro cell invasion assay. Result: Fisetin successfully reduced cell growth on both OC cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Both apoptosis and necroptosis were induced by fisetin. Suppression on cell apoptotic process failed to enhance proliferation of fisetin treated cells. The induced cell death as well as robust expression of necroptotic markers RIP3 and MLKL were alleviated by knocking down the expression of ZBP1 protein in both OC cell lines.Conclusion: The present study demonstrated in vitro evidence supporting that both apoptosis and necroptosis were involved in fisetin induced OC cell death, while ZBP1 regulates necroptotic process via RIP3/MLKL pathway.
Colon Adenocarcinoma Metastasis Through Ileocolic Fistula to Small Bowel in the Setting of Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Tseng Michael , Syed Taseen Ahmed , Zot Patricija , Vachhani Ravi
Published: June 2021

Purpose: Patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) are at higher risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastrointestinal fistula. We report an unusual case of sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma in a CD patient that metastasized to the small bowel through an ileocolic fistula tract.Methods: This case report was written after patient was seen in the clinic and reviewing overall hospitalization including clinically relevant data including imaging and pathology reports associated to our focus and presentation. Prior cases of metastatic CRC via fistula tract were reviewed and compared as well. Results: We described an unprecedented case of a sigmoid adenocarcinoma metastasized to ileum via ileal-sigmoid fistula. Patient received surgical treatment and systemic chemotherapy and currently in remission. Conclusion: CD is associated with a higher risk of fistula development. Few cases in the past described CRC metastasized within the gastrointestinal tract through a fistula. Intriguingly in our case, sigmoid adenocarcinoma developed and further metastasized to the ileum via the ileal-sigmoid fistula in the setting of CD. In addition to presenting a unique pathological phenomenon in these patients, this case raises awareness of the importance of regular follow-up and early initiation of IBD therapies.
Rate of Peripheral Blood Smear Examination Service Provision and Its Barriers Among Public Hospitals in Southern Ethiopia: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Alemayehu Aklilu , Yohanes Tsegaye , Shibiru Tamiru , Hailemariam Zeleke
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Peripheral blood smear examination is a vital hematological test for diagnosis and monitoring of disorders in blood. Despite the considerable benefits of this test in the battle against the growing burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases, its rate of provision is low. This study aimed to assess the rate of peripheral blood smear examination service provision and its barriers among public hospitals in southern Ethiopia.Method: We have conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study from January 01 to March 31, 2019, among five public hospitals in Southern Ethiopia. We collected socio-demographic data from patients and healthcare providers. We prepared peripheral blood smears from 423 patients with abnormal complete blood cell count. We examined a wright’s stained peripheral blood smear under the microscope to identify abnormality in the morphology of blood cells. We conducted key informant interviews with healthcare providers. We assessed health facilities using a standard checklist. We did descriptive statistical analysis for quantitative data using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software. We transcribed, categorized, and thematically analyzed the qualitative data. We presented the results in tables and figures.Result: The rate of provision of peripheral blood smear examination service was 11.6% (n= 49). Nearly 90% of the eligible patients did not receive this service. Relatively better rate of service provision was seen among hospitals with essential resources for the service, and those participating in Hematology external quality assurance. Lack of training, shortage of laboratory supplies, and inadequate supportive supervision were identified as barriers to regularly provide peripheral blood smear examination service.Conclusion: Rate of peripheral blood smear examination service provision is low. A large proportion of eligible patients missed the deserved service. Adequate laboratory supplies, training, and continued supportive supervision should be considered to improve the provision of this service.
Linear Analysis On The Onset Of Thermal Convection of Highly Compressible Fluids With Variable Physical Properties In Spherical Geometry: Implications For The Mantle Convection of Super-Earths
Authors: Kameyama Masanori
Published: June 2021

In this paper we carried out a series of linear analysis on the onset of thermal convection of highly compressible fluids whose physical properties strongly vary in space in convecting vessels either of a three-dimensional spherical shell or a two-dimensional spherical annulus. The variations in thermodynamic properties (thermal expansivity and reference density) with depth are taken to be relevant for the super-Earths with 10 times the Earth's mass, while the thermal conductivity and viscosity are assumed to exponentially depend on depth and temperature, respectively. Our analysis showed that, for the cases with strong temperature-dependence in viscosity and strong depth-dependence in thermal conductivity, the critical Rayleigh number is on the order of 108 to 109, 15 implying that the mantle convection of massive super-Earths is most likely to fall in the stagnant-lid regime very close to the critical condition, if the properties of their mantle materials are quite similar to the Earth's. Our analysis also demonstrated that the structures of incipient ows of stagnant-lid convection in the presence of strong adiabatic compression are significantly affected by the depth-dependence in thermal conductivity and the geometries of convecting vessels, through the changes in the static stability of thermal stratification of the reference state. When the increase in thermal conductivity with depth is suffciently large, the thermal stratification can be greatly stabilised at depth, further inducing regions of insignificant fluid motions above the bottom hot boundaries in addition to the stagnant lids along the top cold surfaces. We can therefore speculate that the stagnant-lid convection in the mantles of massive super-Earths is accompanied by another motionless regions at the base of the mantles if the thermal conductivity strongly increases with depth (or pressure), even though their occurrence is hindered by the effects the spherical geometries of convecting vessels.
The Application of Rigid and Flexible Mediastinoscopy in Esophagectomy: Our Experience and a New Technology
Authors: wu chunli , Dong Bo , Wu Bin , Li Shihao , Qi Yu
Published: June 2021

Background: To avoid the inconvenience of triangulation among various rigid operating instruments in Mediastinoscopy-Assisted Esophagectomy，we invent a new technique: Using a flexible endoscope to mobilize thoracic esophagus and dissect mediastinal lymph nodes through the left cervical incision. In this study, we introduce our long-term experience and demonstrate this new technique.Methods: 29 patients with early esophageal cancer underwent Mediastinoscopy-Assisted Esophagectomy in our hospital from June 2018 to September 2020. Among them, 12 patients used flexible mediastinoscopy, and 17 patients used conventional rigid mediastinoscopy and instruments to observe their therapeutic effect. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in gender, average age, body mass index, incidence of adverse reactions, bleeding volume and postoperative hospital stay. The operation time of flexible mediastinoscopy group was significantly shorter than that of rigid mediastinoscopy group (192.9±13.0 vs 246.8±6.9 min, p<0.01). The number of lymph nodes removed by flexible endoscopy was significantly more than that of rigid endoscopy (8.5±0.6 vs 6.0±0.3, P<0.01). Postoperative follow-up was completed for all patients, and the average follow-up time was 11.6±7.2 months. During the follow-up period, no recurrence or death was observed. Conclusions: Mediastinoscopy-Assisted Esophagectomy is an effective way to treat early esophageal cancer. The application of flexible mediastinoscopy provides more convenience and better stability. It can facilitate the operation of the surgeon and lymph node dissection, which proved to be a feasible technology.
Combining Ability and Heterosis for Root Structure and Graft-Related Traits of Interspecific Cucurbita Rootstocks
Authors: Karaağaç Onur
Published: June 2021

Interspecific hybrid Cucurbita rootstocks (Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata) are the most widely used rootstocks for Cucurbitaceous vegetables in the world. In recent years, scientists have focused on understanding and exploiting root architectures as new opportunities for crop improvement. Selection of parents and hybrids based on combining ability test is an effective approach in interspecific hybrid variety breeding. However, very little information is available on the combining ability tests for the rooting and graft-related traits in these rootstocks. Ondokuz Mayis University and Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute are conducting a program to breed Cucurbita rootstocks of Turkey for fifteen years. In this study, seven C. maxima (BC5F1 generation) lines as female parents and three C. moschata (S6 generation) lines as male parents were used to obtain 21 crosses. Interspecific hybrids and their parent rootstocks grafted onto watermelon were analyzed in terms of general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), heritability, and heterosis for roots and graft-related traits including root volume (cm3), root length (m), root dry weight (g), hairy root rate (%), average root diameter (mm), shoot dry weight (g), graft success rate (%), and hypocotyl thickness ratio (%) by using line × tester mating design. The quotient of GCA/SCA effects for all root and hypocotyl traits were higher than 1, suggesting the preponderance of additive over non-additive gene action in the expression of these traits, whereas graft success was controlled by additive and non-additive gene effects. It was determined that average root diameter had high heritability (63.85%) and the other traits had intermediate heritability ranging from 40.59% to 58.98%. Combining ability analyses indicated that FTS5, GH12, and GRD17 lines were promising parents with greater general combining ability. Three crosses, GRD17 × FTS5, B12 × FTS5, and BH5 × CHI2 showed superior mid-parent heterosis and significant SCA for most characters. Present findings will provide significant contributions in understanding of inheritance and then achieving desirable improved rootstocks in C. maxima × C. moschata.
The Measurement and Correction of the Spindle Squareness Error on Five-Axis Machine Tools
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Wang Pingjiang , Chen Jihong , Xiang Hua
Published: June 2021

The present study aims to establish a measurement method for the squareness error between the machine spindle and the machine table plane. The contact-type touch trigger probe is installed on the spindle of machine tool. When the probe ball touches the rectangle box, a signal is sent to the CNC system to record the space position of the spindle in the machine coordinate system. What this design is to pass to adopt three views of the spindle to determine its spatial location. In the light of the front view and the side view of the spindle, the tilt angle can be identified. According to the projection data, the perpendicularity of the spindle to the horizontal plane is adjusted until the tilt angle error decrease to zero. To verify this method, the corresponding tests are performed on five-axis CNC machine tool. The experimental results show that vertical error of the spindle is reduced by about 60 percent after the tilt angle is adjusted. Therefore, the proposed measurement and calibration method is effective in NC machine tool.
Dexmedetomidine Promotes Alveolar Fluid Clearance by Upregulating Na,K-ATPase Expression in a Rat Model of Acute Lung Injury via α2 AR/PI3K/Akt Pathway
Authors: Xia Mingzhu , Huang Zhi , Xu Mingyu , Hai Chao , Diao Wenbo , Jiang yuanxu
Published: June 2021

Our previous studies have shown that Dexmedetomidine (Dex), α2 adrenergic receptor (α2AR) agonist, reduces pulmonary edema in LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI), but the mechanism is not clear. The purpose of this study is to explore whether Dex promotes AFC by upregulating the expression of Na,K-ATPase in LPS-induced ALI and possible molecular mechanisms. Histology of the lungs was assayed with H-E staining, and the lung injury score was calculated. PaO2, PaO2/FiO2 , the lung index, wet/dry (W/D) ratio of the lung tissues and alveolar fluid clearance(AFC) was measured; The concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum were measured. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in lung tissues were determined. The apoptosis rate of A549 cells and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were evaluated. The expression of Na,K-ATPase , p-PI3K and p-Akt in vivo and in vitro were evaluated. Dex significantly alleviated lung tissue injury induced by LPS. Dex treatment reduced the W/D, lung index and MPO activity, increased PaO2, PaO2/FiO2 and AFC in LPS-induced ALI. In addition, Dex reduced the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-β and IL-6 in BALF and serum. Dex reduced the apoptosis rate, up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and down-regulated the expression of Bax in LPS-stimulated A549 cells. Furthermore, Dex increased the expression of α1Na,K-ATPase, β1 Na,K-ATPase and p-PI3K , p-Akt in vivo and vitro. However, these effects of Dex were partially reversed by the α2AR inhibitor yohim-bine or PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Collectively, these results suggest that Dex attenuates pulmonary edema by stimulating AFC via upregulating the Na,K-ATPase expressi-on in LPS-induced acute lung injury by modulating the α2AR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Critical Gaps and Implications of Risk Communication in International Agreements: 3 Select Case Studies From Urban Areas in the Tropics of South Asia
Authors: Khan Shabana , Mishra Jyoti
Published: June 2021

The cost of urban disasters has been consistently increasing, particularly in the cities of developing countries located across the tropics. Among various challenges of disaster risk management and climate change impacts, it is noted that most residents are poorly informed about their risk exposure and apposite response. The paper is based on the premise that one important cause for this gap is inadequate emphasis on risk communication at different levels of planning and agreements. Accordingly, it highlights some important gaps in the risk communication across international agreements including Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and evaluates their impacts at the local level. It brings three select urban case studies located in the tropical areas of South Asia region that illustrate contradiction and chaos that results from inadequate stress on risk communication at the global level. The findings are based on secondary data and literature focusing on global agreements, risk communication, and disaster response. The paper argues that even though global strategies address urban risks, the fragmented nature of risk communication results in poor response and contributes to losses that occur in disasters. It suggests a need to address risk communication as a priority for dealing with risks at different scales. There is also a need to redefine risk communication that extends beyond warning generation and considers multiple factors influencing response including interlinked vulnerabilities, and variations emerging from varied geographical, socio-cultural, economic, and political processes.
Characterization of 410NiMo Coatings Deposited By Thermal Spray And Re- Cast With TIG On CA6NM Martensitic Stainless Steel Against Cavitation Erosion
Authors: Olivio Émillyn Ferreira Trevisani , Filho Paulo Sergio Olivio , de Souza Janaina Fracaro , Marcondes Paulo Victor Prestes , Moreno João Roberto Sartori
Published: June 2021

In most applications, martensitic stainless steels are subjected to operating conditions in which good mechanical properties and wear resistance are required. CA6NM is a soft martensitic stainless steel that has high shear stress and toughness, good resistance to corrosion and cavitation, and better weldability than conventional martensitic stainless steels. These steels are susceptible to cavitation erosion which is the process of removing material due to the progressive action of erosive wear caused by the implosion of bubbles close to the surface of the mechanical element. Welding and thermal spraying are normally used to produce coatings when there is a need to increase the useful life of systems and parts, or in some cases for refurbishing. In this work 410NiMo martensitic stainless steel, in the form of wire and rod, were deposited by electric arc and flame thermal spraying processes respectively over a CA6NM martensitic stainless steel substrate. In order to improve the layer performance the sprayed coatings were remelted by the TIG welding process. The specimens were evaluated by accelerated cavitation according to ASTM G32-1 0 standard, Vickers microhardness, optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, SEM and EDS. The tests showed coatings with low porosity and resistant to erosion by cavitation comparable with welded coatings. Making thermal spray with reflow by the TIG process an alternative in the application of this type of coating.
Non-Prescription Antibiotic Use For People Aged 15 Years Or Older For Cough In China: A Community-Based Survey
Authors: Luo Yan , Tang Xuewen , Ding Lingling , Shao Zhujun , Yu Jianxing , Chen Yangqing , Zhou Yang , He Hanqing , Chen Zhiping
Published: June 2021

Background Non-prescription antibiotic use at community is a main driver of antimicrobial resistance. Cough is a common condition and prevalent in all communities, including China. This study aims to investigate the non-prescription antibiotic use for cough in China and explore to which extent antibiotic use knowledge was correctly instructed in communities.Methods A probability-proportionate-to-size (PPS) sampling method was adopted to survey from all 14 communities in Yiwu city, China. All participants were investigated by face-to-face interview on Portable Android Devices (PADs). The continuous variables were presented by mean and standard deviation (SD) or medium and inter-quartile range (IQR). The categorical variables were presented using percentage or constituent ratio. Chi-square test for univariate analysis and logistic regression for multivariate analysis were conducted to assess the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), respectively.Results A total of 3034 respondents across the 14 communities and the 50 natural villages/streets completed all key items of the questionnaire. Of 2400 (79.10%) respondents stated that they experienced cough in the past 12 months with the medium age of 36.5 (IQR: 26-49) and 12.21% (293/2400) respondents had the non-prescription antibiotic use behavior. Among those 293 respondents, the proportion of non-prescription antibiotic use for cough peaked at around 16% among people aged 30-39 years old. The major sources of antibiotics were pharmacy (77.70%) and/or family storage (43.92%). As for antibiotic knowledge in 3034 participants, 61.8% participants had minimal knowledge on broad-spectrum antibiotic and 53.76% were not familiar about the effects of joint use.Conclusions Non-prescription antibiotics use for cough is prevalent in the community, especially among people in their thirties. Strengthened drug purchase regulation and well-trained professional pharmacists would be promising alternatives to ameliorate AMR. Moreover, penetrating antibiotics knowledge to common citizens and is an urgent task to alleviate antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, proactive policies and regulations should be made to improve current situations.
Is It Necessary to Reduce Thoracolumbar Compression Fractures with Intermediate Screws in the Fractured Vertebra?
Authors: Xing ZeJun , Hao Shuai , Wu XiaoFei
Published: June 2021

PurposeTo compare the efficacy and safety of percutaneous short-segment pedicle screws fixation (PPSF) with or without intermediate screws (IS) for the treatment of thoracolumbar compression fractures.MethodsFrom January 2016 to March 2019, a retrospective study of 38 patients with thoracolumbar compression fractures conducted. The patients were divided into a 4-screw group (without IS) and a 6-screw group (with IS) according to whether pedicle screws were placed in the fractured vertebrae. Combined positional reduction effects with the technique of pre-contoured lordotic rods were used to reduce the fracture by lengthening the anterior column of the fractured vertebrae. The posterior structure of the fractured vertebrae was undertaken as the fulcrum point for both groups. The operation time, intra-operative blood loss, visual analogue scale (VAS), anterior vertebral body height (AVBH), segment kyphosis（SK）before and after operation and complications were recorded.ResultsAlthough the operation time and blood loss in the 6-screw group were higher than in the 4-screw group, difference was not significant (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS, AVBH and SK between the two groups (P＞0.05). Nevertheless, these results were significant differences between the preoperative and the immediate postoperative, between preoperative and follow-up groups (P < 0.001). No neurologic injury was observed in either groups. ConclusionsIn the treatment of thoracolumbar compression fractures, percutaneous short-segment pedicle screws fixation without intermediate screws in the 4-screw construct may obtain the same clinical effect as that in the 6-screw construct.
How Do Students Self-assess: Comparing Student Self-assessment to Faculty and Resident Evaluations in Clerkship Rotations
Authors: Gaynier Anthony J. , Booza Jason , Levine Diane L.
Published: June 2021

Background: The literature suggests that medical student self-assessment often does not match the evaluations from faculty/residents but can improve over time and with practice. Additionally, there is literature that suggests women underestimate their abilities compared with their male counterparts. Results: Medical students at Wayne State University School of Medicine (WSUSOM) completed self-assessments using the same 11 competencies that they are evaluated by faculty/residents (evaluators). All students completed self-assessments. Overall medical students significantly overestimated their performance in all competencies compared with evaluators. Women assessed their ability underestimated their performance in 33% of competencies. Conclusion: Improving self-assessment may improve students’ abilities to become self-regulated life-long learners.
Comprehensive Analysis of Oncogenic Fusions in Mismatch Repair Deficient Colorectal Carcinomas by Sequential DNA and RNA Next Generation Sequencing
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Ruiyu , Li Junjie , Yi Yuting , Liu Xiaoding , Chen Jingci , Zhang Hui , Wu Huanwen , Liang Zhiyong
Published: June 2021

Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) harboring oncogenic fusions has been reported to be highly enriched in mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) tumors with MLH1 hypermethylation (MLH1me+) and wild-type BRAF and RAS. In this study, dMMR CRCs were screened for oncogene fusions using sequential DNA and RNA next generation sequencing (NGS). Results: Comprehensive analysis of fusion variants, genetic profiles and clinicopathological features in fusion-positive dMMR CRCs was performed. Eighteen fusion-positive cases were identified by DNA NGS in 193 consecutive dMMR CRCs in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, all of which were MLH1me+ and BRAF/RAS wild-type. RNA NGS was sequentially conducted in 21 MLH1me+ BRAF/RAS wild-type dMMR CRCs lacking oncogenic fusions by DNA NGS, and revealed four additional fusions, increasing the proportion of fusion-positive tumors from 46% (18/39) to 56% (22/39) in MLH1me+ BRAF/RAS wild-type dMMR cases. All 22 fusions were found to involve RTK-RAS pathway. Most fusions affected targetable receptor tyrosine kinases, including NTRK1(9/22, 41%), NTRK3(5/22, 23%), ALK(3/22, 14%), RET(2/22, 9%) and MET(1/22, 5%), whilst only two fusions affected mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade components BRAF and MAPK1, respectively. RNF43 was identified as the most frequently mutated genes, followed by APC, TGFBR2, ATM, BRCA2 and FBXW7. The vast majority (19/22, 86%) displayed alterations in key WNT pathway components, whereas none harbored additional mutations in RTK-RAS pathway. In addition, fusion-positive tumors were typically diagnosed in elder patients and predominantly right-sided, and showed a significantly higher preponderance of hepatic flexure localization (P<0.001) and poor differentiation (P=0.019), compared to fusion-negative MLH1me+ CRCs. Conclusions: We proved that sequential DNA and RNA NGS was highly effective for fusion detection in dMMR CRCs, and proposed an optimized practical fusion screening strategy. We further revealed that dMMR CRCs harboring oncogenic fusion was a genetically and clinicopathologically distinctive subgroup, and justified more precise molecular subtyping for personalized therapy.
Knockdown lncRNA CRNDE enhances temozolomide chemosensitivity through autophagy inhibition by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in glioblastoma
Authors: Zhao Zijin , Liu Miaomiao , Long Wenyong , Yuan Jian , Li Haoyu , Zhang Chi , Tang Guodong , Jiang Weixi , Yuan Xianrui , Wu Minghua , Liu Qing
Published: June 2021

Background

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) CRNDE is highly expressed in glioma acting as an oncogene in gliomas. However, the regulatory roles of CRNDE in Temozolomide (TMZ) chemoresistance to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) still are poorly understood. Therefore, we intended to explore the role and possible mechanism of CRNDE in TMZ-induced chemoresistance in GBM.
Methods

Firstly, we tested the expression level of CRNDE in glioma cell lines and in 30 cases of normal brain tissues and 58 cases of glioma tissue specimens by qRT-PCR. Meanwhile, the correlation between CRNDE level and the clinicopathological characteristics and survival time of patients were analyzed. Then, the CRNDE expression in various glioma cell lines was detected, and CRNDE knockdown cell models were constructed. Subsequently, to explore the effect of CRNDE on chemosensitivity to TMZ, cell viability was detected by the CCK-8 assay and IC50 values, and cell proliferation was detected by cell clone assay and EdU assay, as well as cell survival was detected by apoptosis with flow cytometry under TMZ treatment. Further, the expression of drug-resistance protein ABCG2, autophagic related proteins and PI3K/AKT pathway related proteins were determined by western blot or qRT-PCR in TMZ-treated glioma cells. Finally, the tumor volume and weight were measured and ABCG2 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry assay in mouse tumor xenograft model.
Results

Our integrated approach demonstrated lncRNA CRNDE was a poor prognosis factor for GBM patient, which was up-regulated in patients who are resistant to TMZ, and closely associated with chemotherapeutic response status to TMZ treatment. Further, functional assays revealed that knockdown of CRNDE could notably reduce glioma cell viability and proliferation, and elevate apoptosis to enhance the chemosensitivity to TMZ in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the depression of CRNDE down-regulated LC3 II/I, Beclin1 and Atg5 expression levels and increased expression of p62 to inhibit autophagy due to the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway as well as highly correlated with ABCG2 expression.
Conclusions

Overall, the study provided a preclinical basis in developing LncRNA CRNDE as a reliable clinical predictor of outcome and prognosis of GBM patient, a potential biomarker for predicting TMZ treatment response and a new therapeutic target for enhancing TMZ sensitivity in GBM by modulating the autophagy through PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
Establishment and Mechanism Study of a Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Mouse Model using Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Lv Si-Ji , Hou Shu-Hui , Gan Lei , Sun Jing
Published: June 2021

Background: This study aimed to establish a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) mouse model and to investigate the underlying mechanism.Methods: C57BL/6N female mice were intraperitoneally injected with low-dose LPS (0.5 mg/kg) once daily for 14 days, high-dose LPS (2.5 mg/kg) twice weekly for 2 weeks, and cyclophosphamide (CTX; 150 mg/kg) once weekly for 2 weeks. Ovarian function was assessed by measuring the length of the estrous cycle, the number of primordial follicles, and the levels of serum pituitary/ovarian hormones. Expression and production of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were determined to evaluate ovarian inflammation. Histopathological examination was performed to examine ovarian fibrosis. TUNEL assay was carried out to evaluate granulosa cell apoptosis. Western blotting was performed to measure the levels of inflammation-, fibrosis-, and apoptosis-related proteins in mouse ovaries.Results: Like CTX, both low- and high-dose LPS administration significantly impaired ovarian functions in mice, as evidenced by extended lengths of estrous cycles, reduced counts of primordial follicles, and alterations in the levels of serum hormones. Also, LPS administration promoted granulosa cell apoptosis and ovarian fibrosis in mice. However, LPS but not CTX significantly promoted IL-1β expression and production in mice. Moreover, LPS treatment but not CTX significantly enhanced TLR, p-p65, p65, and MyD88 protein expression in mouse ovaries, suggesting that LPS differs from CTX in triggering ovarian inflammation. In general, continuous low-dose LPS stimulation was less potent than high-dose LPS stimulation in the above-mentioned effects.Conclusions: LPS induces ovarian inflammation, fibrosis, and granulosa cell apoptosis and can be used to establish a POI model in mice.
Reduced 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration in the Aqueous Humor of Cataract Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Cho Yongwun , Yun Seung Pil , Yoo Woong-Sun , Kim Rock-Bum , Cho Min-Chul , Kim Seong-Jae
Published: June 2021

Previous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the lower serum concentration of vitamin D was associated with elevated risk of open-angle glaucoma (OAG). However, few studies have examined the association between aqueous humor vitamin D concentrations and OAG. Hence, we investigated the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in aqueous humor and OAG. We measured 25(OH)D concentrations in aqueous humor and serum of 126 patients who underwent cataract surgery. The 25(OH)D concentrations were measured using Elecsys Vitamin D Total Kits with the Cobas e602 module (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany), an electrochemiluminescence assay. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate factors associated with serum and aqueous humor 25(OH)D concentrations.Patients with OAG had significantly lower 25(OH)D concentrations in aqueous humor than control patients. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were higher in patients with OAG than in the control, but this was not statistically significant. 25(OH)D concentrations in aqueous humor of patients with OAG were significantly associated with axial length but not with glaucoma severity, which was determined by the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness or mean deviation.Vitamin D concentrations in aqueous humor of patients with OAG were significantly lower than those in patients without OAG.
Gender Differences in Characteristics of Violent and Sexual Victimization in Patients With Psychosis: a Cross-sectional Study.
Authors: Stouwe E.C.D. van der , Steenhuis L.A. , Pijnenborg G.H.M. , de Vries B. , Bartels-Velthuis A.A. , Castelein S. , Veling W. , Visser E. , Busschbach J.T.
Published: June 2021

IntroductionVarious studies have demonstrated that individuals with a psychotic disorder are at an increased risk of becoming a victim of crime. Little is known about gender differences in victimization types and in specific characteristics of victimization (e.g., perpetrator, location or disclosure). Knowledge on characteristics of victimization would provide clinicians with more insight which may be especially useful for tailoring interventions. The aim of this study is to examine gender differences in characteristics of violent and sexual victimization in patients with a psychotic disorder.MethodsInformation on violent (threats, physical abuse) and sexual victimization (harassment, assault) was assessed in 482 individuals with a psychotic disorder who received mental health care. Patients were recruited through a routine outcome monitoring study and a clinical trial.ResultsMen reported more threats with violence (20.7% vs. 10.5%, x2=7.68, p=0.01), whereas women reported more sexual assault (13.3% vs. 3.6%, x2=15.43, p<0.001). For violent victimization, women were more likely than men to be victimized by a partner, friend or family member (52.9% vs. 30.6%) as opposed to a stranger (11.8% vs. 40.3%; O.R.=52.49) and to be victimized at home (60.0% vs. 29.3%) as opposed to on the street or elsewhere (40.0% vs. 70.3%; O.R.=0.06). For sexual victimization, there was no difference in location and perpetrator between men and women. For sexual victimization and physical violence, no differences in disclosure were found, but women were more likely not to disclose threats with violence or to disclose threats to a professional or police (52.9% vs. 45.2%; O.R.=30.33). All analyses were controlled for age, diagnosis and employment.DiscussionGender patterns of victimization types and characteristics are similar for individuals with a psychotic disorder in comparison to the general population. Men were at higher risk of violent victimization, whereas women were at higher risk for sexual victimization. Men were more likely to become victimized in the streets or elsewhere by a stranger, whereas women seemed to be more often victimized at home by a partner, friend or a family member. Future studies may tailor interventions preventing victimization in psychosis according to gender.
Traffic Flow Prediction with Relevance Vector Machine
Authors: Xiong W.-Z. , Shen X.-M. , Li H.-J. , Shen Z.
Published: June 2021

Real-time prediction of traffic flow values in a short period of time is an importantelement in building a traffic management system. The uncertainty, complexity andnonlinearity of traffic flow data make it difficult to predict traffic flow in real time,and the accurate traffic flow prediction has been an urgent problem in the industry.Based on the research of scholars, a traffic flow prediction model based on thecorrelation vector machine method is constructed. The prediction accuracy of thecorrelation vector machine is better than that of the logistic regression and supportvector machine methods, and the correlation vector machine method has the functionof generating prediction error range for the actual traffic sequence data. Theprediction results are very satisfactory, and the prediction speed is significantlyfaster than the other two models, which meets the requirement of real-time trafficflow prediction and is suitable for real-time online prediction, and the predictionaccuracy of the used method is relatively high. The three-way comparison analysisshows that the traffic flow prediction by the correlation vector machine methodcan describe the nonlinear characteristics of traffic flow change more accurately,and the model performance and real-time performance are better. The case studyshows that the traffic flow prediction model based on the correlation vector machinecan improve the speed and accuracy of prediction, which is very suitablefor traffic flow prediction estimation with real-time requirements, and provides ascientific method for real-time traffic flow measurement.
Association between Preoperative Toe Perfusion Index and Maternal Core Temperature Decrease during Cesarean Delivery Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kaneko Shohei , Hara Kentaro , Sato Shuntaro , Nakashima Takaya , Kawazoe Yurika , Taguchi Miyako , Urabe Shigehiko , Nakao Akiha , Hamada Kozue , Yamaguchi Michiko , Hara Tetsuya
Published: June 2021

Background: The main mechanism of temperature decrease during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery is core-to-peripheral redistribution of body heat, attributable to vasodilation. Perfusion index (PI) obtained with a pulse oximeter helps to assess peripheral perfusion dynamics by detecting changes in peripheral vascular tone. This study aimed to examine whether preoperative toe PI could predict spinal anesthesia-induced core temperature decrease during cesarean delivery.Methods: Parturients undergoing scheduled cesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia from September 2019 to March 2020 were enrolled in this single-center prospective cohort study. All parturients received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (10 mg) with fentanyl (15 µg) intrathecally. A pulse oximeter probe was placed on the left second toe for continuous PI measurement. The 3M™ Bair Hugger™ Temperature Monitoring System placed over the right temporal region was used to record core temperature over time. We evaluated the association between the maximum core temperature decrease, which is the primary outcome, and the preoperative toe PI at operating room (OR) admission using a segmented regression model (SRM) and a generalized additive model (GAM). The maximum core temperature decrease was defined as the difference between core temperature at OR admission and minimum intraoperative core temperature.Results: Forty-eight patients were evaluated. In the SRM, the slope for the association between the maximum core temperature decrease and the preoperative toe PI changed from 0.031 to 0.124 after PI = 2.4%. Likewise, with the GAM, there was a small core temperature decrease when preoperative toe PI was greater than 2.0% to 3.0%.Conclusions: A lower preoperative toe PI was associated with maternal core temperature decrease during cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. Preoperative toe PI is a simple, non-invasive, and effective tool for the early prediction of perioperative core temperature decrease during cesarean delivery.Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (registry number: UMIN000037965).URL: https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000042953
Impact of Induction Chemotherapy With Intermediate-Dosed Cytarabine and Subsequent Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation on the Outcome of High-Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Fleischmann Maximilian , Schnetzke Ulf , Frietsch Jochen J , Sayer Herbert G , Schrenk Karin G , Hammersen Jakob , Glaser Anita , Hilgendorf Inken , Hochhaus Andreas , Scholl Sebastian
Published: June 2021

BackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) with antecedent hematological disease (s-AML) and treatment-related AML (t-AML) predict poor prognosis. Intensive treatment protocols of those highrisk patients should consider allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in first complete remission (CR). Despite ASCT, relapse rate remains high. Induction chemotherapy with liposomal cytarabine and daunorubicin (CPX-351) has been approved for patients with AML with myeloid-related changes (AMLMRC) or t-AML based on improved survival and remission rates compared to standard 7+3 induction. Patients and Methods110 patients with newly diagnosed s-AML or t-AML at a university hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Median age was 62 years (24-77 years). A total of 65 patients with s-AML after MDS (59%) and 23 patients (20.9%) with t-AML were included. Induction chemotherapy consisted of intermediate-dosed cytarabine (ID-AraC) in combination with idarubicin (patients up to 60 years) or mitoxantrone (patients over 60 years). In patients subsequently undergoing ASCT reduced conditioning regimens (RIC) were applied prior to transplantation in 47 of 62 patients (76%). ResultsInduction chemotherapy with ID-AraC resulted in an overall response rate of 83% including complete remission (CR/CRi) in 69 patients (63%) with a low rate of early death (2.7%). Most relevant non-hematologic toxicity consisted of infectious complications including sepsis with need of intensive care treatment in five patients (4.5%) and proven or probable invasive fungal disease in 8 patients (7.2%). Relapse-free survival (RFS), event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) of the whole cohort were 19 months (0-167), 10 months (0-234) and 15 months (0-234), respectively (p<0.0001). A significant improvement of OS was observed in patients who underwent ASCT compared to those without subsequent ASCT: 9 months vs. 46 months, p<0.0001. Rate of transplantation-related mortality (TRM) in the early phase post ASCT was low (0.9% at day 30 and 1.8% at day 90, respectively). RIC conditioning results in OS rate of 60% after 60 months post ASCT (median OS not reached). ConclusionS-AML and t-AML patients receiving induction chemotherapy with intermediate-dosed cytarabine showed satisfactory response rate and consolidation therapy with ASCT after full or reduced intensity conditioning further improved survival in these patients with similar outcome as reported for CPX-351.
Wijsman Asymptotic Lacunary I_2-Invariant Equivalence for Double Set Sequences
Authors: Ulusu Uğur , Dündar Erdinç , Akın Nimet Pancaroğlu
Published: June 2021

In this study, for double set sequences, we present the notions of Wijsman asymptotic lacunary invariant equivalence, Wijsman asymptotic lacunary I_2-invariant equivalence and Wijsman asymptotic lacunary I_2^*-invariant equivalence. Also, we examine the relations between these notions and Wijsman asymptotic lacunary invariant statistical equivalence studied in this field before.
Are S-PRG Based Composites Able to Resist and Protect the Adjacent Enamel Against Erosive Wear?
Authors: Bergantin Bianca Tozi Portaluppe , Leone Camilla Cristina Di , Silva Thiago Cruvinel da , Wang Linda , Buzalaf Marília Afonso Rabelo , Borges Alessandra Buhler , Honório Heitor Marques , Rios Daniela
Published: June 2021

This in-vitro study evaluated the resistance of S-PRG-based-composites against erosive wear and their protective effect on enamel adjacent to restoration. Bovine-enamel-blocks were randomized into 12 groups (n=10/group), according to the factors material and type of wear (erosion-e or erosion+abrasion-a): S-PRG-based-composite-Beautifil II®(SPRGe/SPRGa); S-PRG-based bulk-fill-Beautifil Bulk Restorative®(SPRGBFe/SPRGBFa); composite-Filtek Z350 XT®(RCe/RCa); bulk-fill-composite-Filtek Bulk Fill®(BFe and BFa); glass-ionomer cement-EQUIA Forte®(GICe/GICa); resin-modified glass-ionomer cement-Riva®(RMGICe/RMGICa). Standardized cavities were prepared in specimens and restored. Initial profile was performed on the material and on the adjacent enamel at distances of 100/200/300/600 and 700μm. Specimens were immersed in 0.5%citric-acid (2min-6x/day-during 5days), and abrasive challenge was performed using a toothbrushing-machine (1min-after erosive challenge). Final profile was obtained following initial. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey-test (α<0.05). On erosion, the GICe and RMGICe groups presented greater loss of material compared to other groups; up to 300μm away from the restoration, GICe and SPRGBFe were able to promote less enamel loss than composite groups. For erosion+abrasion S-PRG-based groups showed intermediate material wear compared to GICs (higher wear) and composites (less wear); there was no difference of enamel wear adjacent to restorations among groups. It is concluded that S-PRG-based-composites are a good alternative for restorative treatment of erosive tooth wear.Clinical Significance: S-PRG-based composite restorations are able to diminish surrounding enamel erosive wear, similarly to glass ionomer cement, with the advantage of being more resistant to erosive challenge. Therefore, this material is a potential option to restore advanced erosion lesions in patients with etiological factors still present.
Tribological and Machinability Performance of Hybrid Al2O3 -MWCNTs MQL for Milling Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Jamil Muhammad , He Ning , Zhao Wei , Khan Aqib Mashood , Gupta Munish Kumar
Published: June 2021

Recent burgeoning development in nanotechnology unfold an avenue in the manufacturing industry. Owing to the superior heat transfer potential of nanoadditives mentioned recently, it could be interesting to improve the heat transfer and tribological capability of metal cutting fluids by mixing nanofluids in emulsions properly. In order to attain high-performance cutting of difficult-to-cut alloys, hybrid nanofluids assisted Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) system is applied with the anticipation of efficient lubrication and heat transfer. Taguchi based L16(43) orthogonal array is used involving nanofluids concentrations of alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Al2O3-MWCNTs) air pressure and cooling flow rate at constant cutting conditions in the milling of Ti-6Al-4V. The resultant cutting force (FR), cutting temperature (T), and surface roughness (Ra) is considered as key machining responses. Besides, tool wear, chip analysis, and surface topography are also analyzed under the effect of hybrid nanofluids. Findings have shown the minimum resultant force, cutting temperature and surface roughness of 24.3N, 148.7oC, and 0.67µm respectively at nanofluids concentration of 0.24vol%, 120ml/h of flow rate at 0.6MPa of air pressure. The microscopic analysis of the end-mill depicted minor thermal damage, chip-welding, and coating peeling. Also, chip analysis depicts the clean back surface and less melting of saw-tooth chip edges. The surface topography confirms the less micro-adhesion of chips and material debris. The summary showed that appropriately chosen MQL parameters have improved the lubrication/cooling performance by providing oil film and enhancing the milling performance measures. The outcomes of the proposed study are useful for the manufacturing industry for the enhancement of process performance.