bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Structure of SleepDisordered Breathing and Cognitive Impairment in Cerebrovascular Diseases
Authors: Geraskina L. A. , Sharipov G. G. , Fonyakin A. V. , Maksimova M. Yu.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is considered one of the risk factors for cognitive impairment (CogI). The role of central apnea (CA) in the development of CI has not been established. Aim — to study the features of the structure of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and clarify their significance as a risk factor for CogI. Material and methods. 100 patients (50 men, 50 women) at the age of 65 (58; 74.5) years were examined. Most had arterial hypertension (AH) and atherosclerosis of the brachiocephalic arteries; less commonly, stable forms of coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2. All patients were diagnosed with stage I–II dyscirculatory encephalopathy. Previously, non-disabling stroke was suffered by 37% of patients (mRS 0–2 points). Everyone completed the MoCA test. SDB was verified during cardiorespiratory monitoring (CT-04-3R (M), “INKART”, St. Petersburg). We estimated the number of episodes of SDB, obstructive apnea, CA, apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), duration and degree of desaturation. The correlation, discriminant and ROC analysis, the calculation of the odds ratio (OR) and the confidence interval (CI) of the occurrence of the event are performed. Results. SDB (AHI ≥ 5) according to the type of OSAS and CA were detected in 82% of patients. The average AHI was 13 (8; 21). CogI (MoCA < 26) were detected in 28% of patients without SDB and 52% of patients with SDB (p = 0.03). The relationship between the assessment of MoCA and AHI (Spearman, r = –0.24, p = 0.02) was established. A discriminant analysis with step-by-step inclusion of cardiovascular risk factors and SDB parameters revealed that CA, the degree of AH, age and DM are associated with the development of CN (Wilks’s Lambda: 0.75542; approx. F(4,73) = 5.9087, p < 0.0004). A threshold value of CA ≥ 5 was established (AUC 0.741, 95% CI 0.595–0.828; sensitivity 64%, specificity 76%), while the OR is 5.5 (95% CI 2.09–14.90). Conclusion. In 82% of patients with chronic CVD, SDB is detected, which is associated with a twofold increase in the frequency of CogI. Moreover, the most significant is the presence in the SDB structure of 5 or more episodes of CA, which serve not as a cause of CogI, but as a marker of more severe structural and functional cerebral changes.
Serotonin Theory of Depression: Modern View
Authors: Kovalzon V. M.
Published: August 2020

In development of the «serotonin» hypothesis of depression put forward by I.P. Lapin and G.F. Oxenkrug in 1969, the combination of the two factors is proposed which are responsible for depression formation: reduced “basal” 5-HT cerebral level and excessive duration of early morning REM sleep periods during which the release of cerebral serotonin ceases altogether. As a means of prevention and treatment, not the deprivation, but rather fragmentation of REM sleep is proposed, which is much easier for patients to tolerate.
Traditional and Author’s Symbols in Lin Huiyin’s Poetry
Authors: Savinova Tuyana Bairovna , Danchinova Sofia Konstantinovna
Published: August 2020

The paper aims to identify and describe traditional and author’s symbols in poetical works of the Chinese poetess Lin Huiyin. Scientific originality of the study is conditioned by the fact that symbolism in Lin Huiyin’s poetry has not been previously investigated in domestic literary criticism and sinology. The article for the first time introduces poems from Lin Huiyin’s poetical collection “My Heart Is a Lotus Flower: Classical Collection of Lin Huiyin’s Works” into scientific circulation. The research findings are as follows: traditional and author’s symbols in Lin Huiyin’s poetry are identified and analysed.
Surrealistic Code in Fiction: Definition and Realization
Authors: Gorelov Oleg Sergeyevich
Published: August 2020

The paper aims to identify the role of a style code in surrealistic fiction throughout its history. The article analyses attempts to formulate a universal definition of surrealistic trends. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the researcher develops a scheme of interaction of a special style code (surrealistic code), the surrealistic conceptual sphere and literary texts proper correlating with the surreal. The conducted research allows concluding that surrealistic conceptions are largely a surjective function of a code and have minimum two arguments, which ensures the surrealistic style identification.
Answers-Assumptions as Special Type of Answers: Structural-Semantic and Functional-Pragmatic Aspects
Authors: Galanova Ekaterina Mikhailovna
Published: August 2020

The paper aims to reveal functional specificity of answers-assumptions, to identify the means of expressing their “assumption” semantics. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the author introduces the terms “modus answer”, “answer-assumption” into scientific circulation. The research material includes dialogic unities obtained from educational dialogues and the “Smart Boys and Girls” program. The research findings are as follows: the author describes functional-pragmatic peculiarities of answers-assumptions (special function includes expressing assumption in a situation where the respondent does not know the exact answer but offers a possible answer to the question; the inquirer possesses the required information, his goal is to check the respondent’s knowledge). Semantics of assumption is realized in answers containing the following components: introductory words and word combinations / introductory sentences expressing a low degree of certainty; means of expressing uncertainty (indefinite pronouns, indication of uncertainty in quantity); alternative conjunction or ; echo-questions. Moreover, the author identifies the linguistic means used to express the respondent’s uncertainty: a) means indicating that the respondent has forgotten relevant information; b) means of expressing ignorance.
Natural World in the Russian Dialect Discourse (by the Material of Vocabulary with Negative Prefixes)
Authors: Lysenkova Tatyana Vladimirovna
Published: August 2020

The article examines the vocabulary with negative prefixes of the conceptual sphere “Nature” in the aspect of dialectal linguistic worldview representation. The research objective includes analysing actualization of the concept WILD/CIVILIZED NATURE represented by dialect lexemes with negative prefixes. Scientific originality of the research involves the systemic approach to studying specificity of the lexical units with negative prefixes representing the concept NATURE. A structural-semantic analysis of lexical units with negative prefixes has allowed the author to identify semantic features of the concept WILD/CIVILIZED NATURE. The paper reveals the role of vocabulary with negative prefixes in linguistic representation of the concept NATURE, realization of spatial opposition “distant - near”.
Types of Addresses in Children’s Prose by Vitaly Bianki: Lexical and Functional Aspect
Authors: Marinchenko Irina Aleksandrovna , Vasil'eva Elena Vasil'evna
Published: August 2020

The article examines functioning of addresses in children’s literature from the viewpoint of the communicative-pragmatic approach. The research objective includes identifying semantic and pragmatic specificity of addresses in Vitaly Bianki’s prose. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that for the first time by the material of children’s prose by Vitaly Bianki the authors consider expressive potential of addresses and ways of its realization in literary text. The research findings are as follows: the authors identify and analyse six basic types of addresses in V. V. Bianki’s stories. The proposed classification is based on lexico-grammatical and functional features of nominative lexemes. It is shown that addresses are a meaningful text-formative and stylistic element of the writer’s prose.
Spatial-Temporal Continuum of M. Bulgakov’s Novel “The Master and Margarita” As It Is Perceived in the Spanish-Speaking Culture (by the Material of the Monograph by B. S. Giudici Fernández “El Maestro y Margarita: Novela Ética” (“The Master and Margarita: Ethical Novel”))
Authors: Malysheva Olga Vladimirovna
Published: August 2020

The article considers approaches of the Spanish-speaking literary critics to analysing specificity of spatial and temporal arrangement of M. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita”. For the first time the paper examines perception of Bulgakov’s spatial-temporal continuum by the Spanish-language literary criticism, which constitutes scientific originality of the research. The study is conducted by the material of the monograph by the Spanish writer B. S. Giudici Fernández “El Maestro y Margarita: Novela Ética” (“The Master and Margarita: Ethical Novel”). The findings indicate that in Giudici Fernández’s book, the category of time is considered in three aspects: real, psychological and atmospheric time. The category of space is analysed on the basis of the spatial oppositions “inside/outside”, “closed/open” and taking into account the notion of “positive” and “negative space”.
Experimental Study of HAUS Concept Representation in the Modern German Linguistic Consciousness
Authors: Bogdanova Anna Gennadievna , Zakharova Elena Olegovna , Zabrodina Irina Konstantinovna
Published: August 2020

The study aims to identify relevant semantic features of the concept HAUS in the German linguistic consciousness. The paper focuses on analysing the results of a free associative experiment with multiple reactions conducted among the German ethnos representatives. Scientific originality of the research lies in the fact that the authors clarify the status of the concept HAUS in the modern German linguo-cultural consciousness, reveal its relevant semantic content, identify changes in the concept structure. The research findings are as follows: the authors describe semantic features of the concept HAUS typical of modern linguistic consciousness, show that they are determined by age and conclude that the concept under study has a multidimensional structure, which gradually transforms under the influence of global extra-linguistic factors.
N. S. Tikhonov’s Translations of K. L. Khetagurov’s Children’s Poems
Authors: Dzaparova Elizaveta Borisovna
Published: August 2020

The article considers N. S. Tikhonov’s translation heritage that includes the Russian translations of poems by the Ossetian poet of the second half of the XIX - the beginning of the XX century K. L. Khetagurov. The study is based on a comparative-contrastive analysis. The research objective includes identifying the basic types of the translation transformations used to transfer text linguo-poetic specificity. Scientific originality of the paper lies in the fact that N. S. Tikhonov’s translations of K. L. Khetagurov’s children’s poems have not been previously investigated. The following conclusions are justified: N. S. Tikhonov’s translations are equi-rhythmic and equi-linear; the translator tries to adapt the text to the perception of the Russian reader often ignoring national colour.
Disfranchisement as an Element of Marginalization Process in the Society of the 1920-1930s through the Destinies of Tobolsk City and Tobolsk District Residents (Historical and Anthropological Aspect)
Authors: Yunina Ekaterina Aleksandrovna
Published: August 2020

The paper aims to identify specificity of interaction of power and society in local socio-political practices. The study is based on regional material, the author considers the problem of disfranchisement of Tobolsk city and Tobolsk district residents, describes the campaign to restore their electoral rights. The article analyses rehabilitation measures, emotional responses, forms of reflection regarding a non-voter’s status. Scientific originality of the study is conditioned by the fact that for the first time the influence of state-sanctioned discriminatory measures on non-voters’ psychological health is analysed from the viewpoint of historical anthropology and social psychology. The research findings are as follows: the author shows that disfranchisement led to professional disqualification, marginalization, destructive changes in an individual’s psychological state and social behaviour.
Understanding as Cognitive Procedure in the Humanities: Historical and Philosophical Analysis
Authors: Romaschenko Maria Alexandrovna , Romaschenko Alexandr Alexandrovich
Published: August 2020

The study aims to identify ontological and epistemological foundations of understanding as a cognitive procedure in the humanities. The article states that historical and philosophical interpretations of “understanding being” play a significant part not only for the discourse of the humanities research but also for a wide range of modern scientific knowledge. Scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that ontological and epistemological foundations of understanding are determined by using the methodology of the historical and philosophical discourse. As a result, it is concluded that modern science is witnessing a paradigm shift in defining knowledge, which is exploratory in nature and, ethically, should be expertised. It is the status, in which a cognising subject is projected as “understanding being”.
Railway Battleships in Defence of Ryazan Combat Site during the Battle of Moscow of 1941-1942
Authors: Agarev Alexander Fyodorovich , Shevchenko Andrey Alexandrovich
Published: August 2020

The study aims to analyse and identify characteristic features in the work of the emergency authorities and army units on employment of armoured trains in fortifying Ryazan defence area and guaranteeing successful offensive of the Red Army during the Battle of Moscow. The research is novel in that new archival documents are introduced into scientific use. As a result of the study, it was proved that employment of armoured trains was instrumental in organising cohesive defence of Ryazan combat site.
Temporal Component of Social Myth as Socio-Formative Structure
Authors: Ryabtsev Sergei Viktorovich , Kirillov Pavel Evgen`evich
Published: August 2020

The paper aims to identify specificity of social structure transformation conditioned by changes in the temporal component of social mythology. The article analyzes temporal arrangement of a social myth in the situation of information redundancy, considers social practices transformation by separation of social groups from valuable meanings and behavioural strategies under temporally conditioned difficulties in developing meaningful mythological stories. The authors identify the role of rational public consciousness control through temporal localization of social myths. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the researchers reveal influence of mythological time on social structure and its changes dynamics. The research findings are as follows: the authors justify importance of temporal orderliness of a social myth in the process of group and intergenerational differentiation.
On Interrelation of Value and Meaningful Orientations of Residents and Non-Residents of Creative Spaces and Human Potential Indexes of the North-Caucasian and Southern Federal Districts Cities
Authors: Sukhovskaya Dar'ya Nikolaevna
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to analysing interrelation of value and meaningful orientations of residents and non-residents of creative spaces and human potential indexes of the North-Caucasian and Southern Federal Districts cities. The author advances a hypothesis that a human potential is a basic resource of urban development and approves her original methodology to calculate a human potential index for the cities of the analysed region (Pyatigorsk, Stavropol, Rostov-on-Don and Krasnodar). Relying on the research findings, the author proposes her own classification of the cities’ residents taking into account their attitude to the residence place, value orientations and expectations concerning their native cities.
Spatialization of Musical Time and Its Role in Modern Composers’ Creative Work
Authors: Krishtalyuk Olga Aleksandrovna
Published: August 2020

The paper aims to present a survey of musicological and composer’s studies on the musical time spatialization phenomenon of the second half of the XX century. Scientific originality of the research lies in the fact that the author examines certain trends associated with musical time spatialization and reveals artistic specificity of the spatial parameter in the composer Yu. S. Kasparov’s creative conception. The research findings are as follows: relying on the existing theories in the field of musical avant-garde, the author concludes about a special semantic role of acoustic space in the modern composition. In fact, the concept “acoustic space” correlates with the concept “theme” in compositions of the classical-romantic period.
Formation of a Model of State Management of the Yakut Economy in the First Years of New Economic Policy (1921-1922)
Authors: Burnasheva Natalia Ivanovna
Published: August 2020

The paper aims to identify specificity of New Economic Policy realization in Yakutia and to examine activity of such newly appeared administrative bodies as “food triplet” and economic council that took on the responsibility for introducing New Economic Policy principles into the regional economy. The article analyses how the Yakut regional revolutionary committee implementted transition from the surplus-appropriation system to the food tax, from exchange in kind to market relations. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the author for the first time analyses activity of the regional economy management bodies in the period of transition to New Economic Policy. The research findings are as follows: the author proves that introduction of New Economic Policy allowed Yakutia to transform the whole system of the state management of economy, taking into account the process of market relations development.
“Memoirs” of D. A. Zasosov and V. I. Pyzin as Source to Study Saint Petersburg Everyday Life in the 1890-1910s
Authors: Mamyachenkov Vladimir Nikolajevich , Shvedoff Vladislav Vitaljevich
Published: August 2020

The article examines memoirs of two Saint Petersburg intellectuals of the Soviet period - D. A. Zasosov and V. I. Pyzin - on Saint Petersburg everyday life in the 1890-1910s. The research objectives are as follows: to analyse the memoirs and to identify their importance for the domestic historiography. Scientific originality of the paper lies in the fact that the researchers reveal importance of the “Memoirs” as a valuable source to study everyday life of the metropolis. The findings indicate that “Memoirs” are a verified, highly reliable source.
A Desarmonia da judicialização das políticas públicas
Authors: Carvalho Osvaldo Ferreira de , Souza Gustavo De Assis
Published: August 2020

O presente estudo pretende investigar os impactos ocasionados pela judicialização daspolíticas públicas de saúde, no Brasil, sob uma perspectiva holística. Além disso, serão delineadaspossíveis soluções para resguardar a efetividade do direito à saúde. Para tanto, foi utilizado o métodode abordagem dialético baseado numa interpretação dinâmica e crítica da realidade ao compreender oobjeto deste estudo em sua relação com aspectos sociopolíticos, jurídicos e econômicos. O problemacentral da pesquisa, portanto, consiste em responder o seguinte questionamento: de que modo épossível minimizar os impactos ocasionados pela crescente judicialização da saúde e ao mesmotempo resguardar o direito em comento, especialmente, para os mais vulneráveis? Os resultadosencontrados apontaram três caminhos: (1) a participação extrajudicial frequente da sociedade civil,Defensoria Pública, Ministério Público e o analista de políticas públicas na gestão e fiscalização doSistema Único de Saúde; (2) a utilização das ações coletivas de forma mais incisiva, especialmente,a ação civil pública, para possibilitar uma macrojustiça; (3) o fim da possibilidade da prorrogaçãoda patente de medicamentos. Concluiu-se que a adoção conjunta de tais medidas poderá reduziro número crescente de ações individuais, bem como ocasionará menos distorções no orçamentopúblico. Assim, mais pessoas terão acesso garantido à saúde.
Lixo, o luxo da sociedade:
Authors: Efing Antônio Carlos , Gonçalves Heloísa Alva Cortez
Published: August 2020

A sociedade de consumo massificada e da obsolescência programada agravou ainda mais a crise e a vulnerabilidade ambiental. O presente estudo objetiva avaliar o pós-consumo frente à Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, especialmente a logística reversa de resíduos eletroeletrônicos. Conclui-se que a obsolescência programada é responsável pelo crescimento exponencial do lixo eletroeletrônico produzido no planeta, a qual viola os direitos do consumidor e o meio ambiente. Avalia-se que a logística reversa e conscientização do consumidor ainda são incipientes no Brasil. O método utilizado para fazer a análise deste estudo foi o hipotético dedutivo.
O DIRIETO AO ESQUECIMENTO FRENTE AO CONFLITO DE DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS NAS PROPAGANDAS ELEITORAIS NA INTERNET
Authors: Andrade Diogo De Calasans Melo , Damázio Marcela Queiroz de França
Published: August 2020

atualmente, chega a ser repetitivo o chamamento à reflexão de que o mundo digital nos possui. Estamos imersos, como um todo, nesta rede de dados, contatos, informações e interações. Nesta perspectiva, o presente estudo busca fazer uma análise crítica sobre como alguns direitos fundamentais entram em conflito no ambiente virtual, na perspectiva da campanha eleitoral. Considera-se, principalmente, como o direito à honra, privacidade e imagem são constantemente contrapostos ao da liberdade de expressão e de informação, principalmente com as facilidades permitidas pelo ambiente virtual. A hipótese levantada é a de que, assim como todo direito fundamental, a liberdade de expressão não é absoluta, devendo observância a direitos que resguardam a personalidade, citando o direito ao esquecimento um balizador na ponderação entre tais direitos. O método a ser usado para a referida pesquisa será, primordialmente, o método dedutivo, buscando, a partir da ideia geral da problemática posta (conflito de direitos fundamentais), explorar suas especificidades, investigando especialmente quais as possíveis alternativas.
O Direito ao “Esquecimento” e Pessoas Transgêneras:
Authors: Doederlein Schwartz Germano André , Carello Clarissa
Published: August 2020

O objetivo do presente artigo é o de demonstrar a possibilidade de as pessoas transgêneras utilizarem o direito ao esquecimento perante os tribunais brasileiros. A partir desse objetivo, a metodologia utilizada se baseou na análise de decisões do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ) e do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) e da doutrina existente a respeito do tema. O resultado da pesquisa reforça ser possível que, no Brasil, transgêneros invoquem o direito ao esquecimento, especialmente nos casos de alteração do nome e do sexo no registro civil.
A EMENDA CONSTITUCIONAL Nº 96, DE 6 DE JUNHO DE 2017 E O TEMA DA CRUELDADE CONTRA OS ANIMAIS NO CONTEXTO DA CULTURA E DA RELIGIÃO NA CONSTRUÇÃO JURISPRUDENCIAL DO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL
Authors: Godoy Arnaldo
Published: August 2020

O artigo explora conflito entre o conteúdo de Emenda Constitucional e de decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Com esse objetivo, indica e explica as linhas gerais de discussões que trataram de conflitos entre valores do patrimônio cultural brasileiro, inclusive em seus aspectos religiosos, em face de disposição constitucional referente à proibição da crueldade com os animais.
CONTROLE JURISDICIONAL DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE SAÚDE EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: Madureira Claudio Penedo , Zaneti Júnior Hermes
Published: August 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar que a doutrina dos processos estruturais pode ser usada como método a ser empregado para estruturar o controle jurisdicional das políticas públicas de saúde em tempos de pandemia, conjugada à incidência do dever processual de diálogo como limite à sua instrumentalização nos casos concretos. Essa abordagem tem a potencialidade de compatibilizar a prática jurídica empiricamente verificada no Brasil (marcada pelo controle pontual das políticas públicas de saúde por meio de ações judiciais para a tutela de direitos individuais) à necessidade de preservação da capacidade do sistema de saúde para o combate da Covid-19.
Redes sociais, companhias tecnológicas e democracia
Authors: Callejón Francisco Balaguer
Published: August 2020

São muitos os âmbitos nos quais as redes sociais têm gerado disfunções do ponto de vista constitucional e democrático. Desde os direitos fundamentais até os processos eleitorais, passando pela própria configuração da ordem constitucional, num contexto no qual as condições do espaço e do tempo foram transformadas em razão da globalização e do desenvolvimento tecnológico. Novas pautas culturais e novos paradigmas estão em surgimento e sua incidência sobre o constitucionalismo é muito ampla. Algumas das mudanças trazidas pelas redes sociais podem ser estruturais e manter-se-ão previsivelmente no futuro. Outras, no entanto, podem se considerar diretamente vinculadas aos interesses das companhias tecnológicas e deveriam ser objeto de revisão para evitar que levem a uma involução democrática. A intervenção dos poderes públicos, estatais e supranacionais, é cada vez mais necessária para controlar tais companhias.
EFFECT OF BACTERIAL BIONEMATICIDES ON THE VIABILITY OF LARVAE MELOIDOGYNE
Authors: Konrat
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to establish the nematicidal effect of bacterial suspension of the Bacillus BZR 86 strain on the larvae of gall nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne spp. at different concentrations of bacterial culture. The experiment had 5 options and control. 1 ml of larval suspension and 1 ml of bacterial suspension were added to the tablet cells. The tablet cells were covered with a glass plate and stored at a temperature of 25 0C, for 24, 48, 72 hours. During these periods, the number of mobile and non-mobile larvae in each cell was counted under a binocular magnifying glass. After 48 hours, they were washed with sterile tap water. After passing 24 hours after washing, the number of living and dead nematodes was counted. When studying the effect of bionematicide on the viability of gall nematode larvae, it was found that for an undiluted suspension of Bacillus BZR 86, the mortality of larvae was 97.5%, when diluted five times 89%, ten times 64%, when diluted 100 and 1000 times, and in control, the larvae retained viability. The nematicidal activity of the studied Bacillus BZR 86 strain is high and reaches 64–97.5%. We can conclude that Bacillus BZR 86 can be the basis for creating a biological drug to reduce the harmfulness of gall nematodes.
SEROTONIN ACCELERATED PHARYNGEAL REGENERATION IN PLANARIAN SCHMIDTEA MEDITERRANEA TAIL FRAGMENTS
Authors: Kreshchenko  , Grebenshchikova  , Karpov  , Mitkovsky
Published: August 2020

Serotonin has been identified in all classes of parasitic and free-living Platyhelminthes. Its function in the body of Platyhelminthes remains poorly studied. In present work, the serotonin effect on morphogenetic processes in planarian Schmidtea mediterranea was studied for the first time. Pharyngeal regeneration was studied in Schmidtea mediterranea planaria. Pharynx is a relatively autonomous organ with well differentiated morphological structure and specialized function. The dissected planarian body fragments were able to regenerate the new pharynx and restore its function – food uptake and feeding. It was observed that in group of animals, the pharynx regeneration occurred from day 5 to day 10 after amputation. The regeneration time varied in different experimental series and seems to depend on the season of the experiment. The maximum number of animals restored their feeding response for 6–8 days after the intervention. Under the serotonin treatments (10–0.001 µМ), the acceleration of the restoration of a new pharynx function has been observed as compared to the control animals. The preliminary results exhibit the stimulatory action of serotonin on pharyngeal regeneration in tail fragments of S. mediterranea, thus, indicating the morphogenetic properties of serotonin.
CHANGES IN SUSCEPTIBILITIES TO INSECTICIDES IN MUSCA DOMESTICA UNDER SELECTION
WITH FIPRONIL
Authors: Levchenko  , Silivanova  , Shumilova
Published: August 2020

New knowledge about resistance and cross-resistance to insecticides of different chemical classes in insects is crucial for correct and effective pest management. This paper reports changes in the susceptibility to insecticides of different chemical classes in the first generations of houseflies Musca domestica L. when they were selected with fipronil. The selection of M. domestica was carried out by feeding adult insects with sugar containing fipronil in a dose that causes the 40–60% mortality of insects. The susceptibility of adults and larvae to insecticides was evaluated by the resistance ratio (RR). In the fipronil-selected strain of M. domestica, the susceptibility to fipronil was unchanged in adults in 3–5 generations and increased in larvae in the fifth generation (RR = 0.5). The susceptibility to deltamethrin decreased in adults of the fourth generation and in larvae of the fifth generation, and the RR was 4.5 and 4.3, respectively, that may suggest the development of cross-resistance in the future. The susceptibility to chlorfenapyr was reduced in adults of fipronil-selected flies of the fourth generation (RR = 1.9). The susceptibility to ivermectin increased in adults of fipronil-selected flies (RR = 0.67) and in larvae of the fifth generation (RR = 0.5). The susceptibility to acetamiprid in the fipronil-selected strain and the laboratory (unselected) strain of M. domestica did not differ. The results are useful for the development of insecticide resistance management programs.
STUDY OF EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF THE PRODUCT BASED ON SELAMECTIN IN ECTOPARASITOSIS OF DOGS AND CATS
Authors: Makhvatova
Published: August 2020

Ectoparasites of carnivores (dogs and cats) are ubiquitous and cause irreversible pathological processes, worsen the general health of animals, aggravate the course of chronic diseases, reduce immunity and can even lead to the death of dogs and cats, especially at an early age [5, 6]. Despite the significant achievements and successes of veterinary medicine in the elimination of ectoparasites, the problem of treatment and prevention of parasitic diseases of domestic dogs and cats remains an urgent task today. The drugs used for parasitic diseases of carnivores are subject to rather high requirements: they must be non-toxic, effective, have a wide spectrum of action and prolong the action. Modern antiparasitic drugs with insecticidal action contain macrocyclic lactones as active substances. In our experiments, we used a drug based on selamectin, which has a wide range of systemic nematodicidal, insecticidal and acaricidal effects and has larvocidal and ovocidal properties. In experiments, a drug based on selamectin showed 100% effectiveness with otodectosis and entomosis, 88.9% with cat noedrosis, 85% with sarcoptosis in dogs, and 70% with generalized demodecosis.
Effectiveness of Monizen forte for veterinary use in bovicolosis of cattle
Authors: Muromtsev Alexander , Engasheva  , Efremov  , Muromtsev K.
Published: August 2020

Subject. Bovicolosis of cattle causes a great harm to the Russian agriculture. The decrease in average daily weight gain, the decrease in the amount of meat obtained and the increase in depreciation for cattle keeping are the problems that arise when cattle are attacked by louses Bovicola bovis of the Trichodectidae family. Therefore, we asked a question about the effectiveness of the use of new domestic drug Monizen forte in bovicolosis of young cattle. In 2019–2020, we conducted a study to determine the effectiveness of new domestic drug Monizen forte produced by SRC Agrovetzashchita LLC. Objectives. Studying the effectiveness of Monizen forte for veterinary use in bovicolosis of calves as well as identifying any adverse effects and complications after its use. Methodology. Data was obtained using information collection and processing methods, standard experimental methods, and variation statistics. Results. It was found that Monizen forte in a dose of 1 ml per 20 kg of animal weight, administered individually intramuscularly, is an effective drug against bovicolosis of cattle. The effectiveness of the double use of Monizen forte in cattle bovicolosis was 100%. Conclusions. The results of the study of the Monizen forte effectiveness give us reason to recommend the introduction of this drug in veterinary practice.
RHIPIDOCOTYLE CAMPANULA (DIGENEA, BUCEPHALIDAE): MUSCULAR SYSTEM, LOCALIZATION OF SEROTONIN AND NEUROPEPTIDE FMRFamide IN NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: Nefedova  , Mochalova  , Terenina  , Voropaeva  , Movsesyan  , Kuchin  , Kreshchenko
Published: August 2020

Trematodes of the Bucephalidae family differ from all other trematodes by the number of morphological characteristics including the structure of their attachment organ as well as the digestive and reproductive systems. In this study, the muscular system and nerve components containing serotonin and neuropeptide FMRFamid were investigated in Rhipidocotyle campanula (Bucephalidae family) from the intestine of the pike. Using immunocytochemical methods and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM), data on the presence and distribution of neurotransmitters serotonin as well as the neuropeptide FMRFamide in the central and peripheral nervous system of Rh. campanula were obtained. When studying the relationship of nerve structures containing the studied neurotransmitters, muscle fibers of the muscle elements of the parasite were stained using the phalloidin associated with the fluorophore. Information on the organization of the muscular system, attachment organ, digestive and reproductive systems is given. The data obtained suggest that serotonergic and FMRF-amidergic nerve structures are involved in the regulation of the function of the attachment organ, as well as the digestive and terminal departments of the eproductive system of Rh. campanula. A comparative analysis of the obtained results and related data available in the literature for other trematodes was carried out.
HELMINTНOZONOSIS OF ANIMALS OF HUNTING FARMS IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF RUSSIA
Authors: Andreyanov  , Uspensky  , Safiullin  , Nikitin  , Khrustalyov  , Postevoy  , Sidor
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the work was to clarify the modern epizootic situation on helminthozoonoses of game animals in the Central region of Russia. The material for the study was helminthological collections during 2018–2020 from game animals. Animal carcasses were brought from the territories of the hunting farms of the Vladimir, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod and Ryazan regions. A total of 218 animal and bird carcasses were studied. 105 heads of 11 species of carnivores (Carnivore) was studied by helminthological methods. One species was studied from the omnivorous animals (Оmnivorae) – boar. Among ruminants (Ruminantia), 54 heads were examined. Helminth fauna of rodents (Rodentia) was studied in 44 heads of 5 species. Three species of birds (Aves) was studied. About 12 species of helminthozoonosis were identified, of which trichinellosis, dirophilariosis, toxocarosis and alveococcosis are particularly hazardous. The main hosts of zoonoses are 7 species of predators. The red fox and some weasels play a leading role
in the spread of helminthosis common to humans and animals.
Small mammals of the Kaluga region – reservoirs of dangerous zoonotic diseases
Authors: Nikanorova  , Kozlov
Published: August 2020

The article considers the issues of carriage by small mammals of dangerous zoonotic diseases: leptospirosis, tularemia, hantaviruses. Data on the detection of antigens to pathogens in the districts of the Kaluga region are presented. As you know, small mammals are the main link in maintaining zoonotic natural focal diseases. The larval phases of ixodic ticks, mosquitoes and other parasitic arthropods prefer to feed on the blood of mouse rodents, which contributes to the spread of vector-borne infections and infestations.
The following species of mouse rodents are found in the Kaluga Region: small forest mouse (Apodemus uralensis), gray vole, red vole (Myodes glareolus), field mouse (Apodemus agrarius), gray rat (Rattus norvegicus), and house mouse (Mus musculus). In natural biotopes, field species prevail in number: field mouse, gray vole, red vole.
In the Kaluga region, antigens for tularemia, hantaviruses, and leptospirosis were found in small mammals in 4.9–9.4% of the studied animals on average per year. Of particular concern are the city of Kaluga, Borovsky, Babyninsky, Yukhnovsky, Ulyanovsk, Medynsky, Maloyaroslavetsky, Meshchovsky, Peremyshlsky, Kozelsky, Dzerzhinsky and Ulyanovsk districts. The data obtained indicate the stationarity of these diseases in the territory of the Kaluga region.
DETERMINING THE QUALITY OF BOVINE MEAT IN SARCOCYSTOSIS
Authors: Novak A. , Novak M.
Published: August 2020

Sarcocystosis is recorded in 85 to 100% of cattle and sheep, 5 to 30% of pigs, and 35 to 55% of horses in the Russian Federation. However, the rules for veterinary and sanitary examination of animal carcasses do not prescribe to assess infection intensity of muscle tissue with sarcocysts. In this regard, it is necessary to assess the quality of bovine meat with different intensity of infection with cysts Sarcocystis spp. In order to perform biochemical studies, samples were taken from the cattle diaphragm with different indicators of the intensity of sarcocyst infection. The pH level of muscle tissue was determined, and a qualitative reaction to peroxidase and a sample with neutral formalin was applied. In 26 animals of different age, according to the results of the compressor research of muscle tissue, a high intensity of infection (II) with cysts Sarcocystis spp. was established for the diaphragm (24 to 905 micro- and macroscopic cysts), heart and esophageal muscle layer (24 to 258, and 22 to 907 cysts, respectively). The biochemical tests found that the meat product quality decreased with an increase in the intensity of Sarcocystis spp. infestation: when II was 1–17 cysts, the main quality indicators were within acceptable limits (pH 5.8–6.2, a formalin test negative, and a peroxidase test positive); when II was 171–907 cysts, the meat quality was poor (pH 6.3–7.2, a formalin test positive, a peroxidase test negative).
Strongylatosis of the gastrointestinal tract and strongyloidosis of horses in the Central area of the Russian Federation
Authors: Novak M. , Engashev S. , Engasheva E.
Published: August 2020

For several years, studies have been conducted to investigation the characteristics of the epizootic process in intestinal nematodoses of horses in the Central region of the Russian Federation. The data were obtained on the extensity and intensity of invasion in case of strongylatosis of the gastrointestinal tract and strongyloidosis of horses in one of the equestrian schools of the Ryazan region.
Based on the results of laboratory ovoscopic and larvoscopic examinations of horses, the diagnoses for strongylidoses (delafondiosis and strongylosis), trichonematosis (trichonemosis, cyatostomidoses) and strongyloidosis were confirmed. Clinically expressed and latent forms of intestinal nematodoses of horses Traken, Arab and Yakut breeds were revealed when kept in stalls and levades, without grazing in the pasture.
In an experiment on 24 horses, the effectiveness of the drug Alesan® (produced at AVZ S-P LLC, Russia) for horse helminthoses, was studied. Experimental studies have made it possible to establish maximum extensibility indicators (EE = 93–100%) of a parasiticide with a wide spectrum of action of Alezan® for strongylidoses, trichonematidoses and strongyloidosis in horses. The drug Alezan® is recommended for therapeutic and preventive measures in equestrian schools, clubs, for dysfunctional horses for nematodosis, twice a year (May and November).
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SPLEEN AS A HEMOLYMPHOID ORGAN WHEN INVADED BY OPISTHORCHIS FELINEUS (RIVOLTA)
Authors: Sidelnikova
Published: August 2020

For the first time, we have studied the morphological picture of changes occurred in the spleen during invasion by Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta), which was simulated in large rodents (rabbits). The experiment was performed on 16 animals infected orally with 50 metacercaria each. Histological sections of the spleen were made and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and by Van Gieson’s stain. Histological preparations were studied by the light microscopy method with morphography and morphometry, and the data obtained were processed statistically. There were morphological characters found of moderate stromal fibrosis, as well as infiltration of the mantle zone of lymphoid follicles by mast cells with partially degranulated cytoplasm, and areactive follicles as related to reactive ones which were exceeded by three times. Homogeneous islands of oxyphilic substance were found in the stroma. Thus, in the course of the experiment, morphological changes were found in the spleen invaded by Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta), which were manifested in the organ fibrosis due to the moderate collagenogenesis through active fibroblasts. The lymphoid tissue of the white pulpa was characterized by inhibited formation of germinal centers in the most lymphoid follicles. The stromal component reconstruction with the displacement of lymphoid tissue was noted. Mast cells in the white pulpa characterize inflammatory and allergic reactions.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD TO ESTIMATE GLYCOGEN LEVELS IN THE MODEL NEMATODE CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS
Authors: Sidor  , Andreyanov
Published: August 2020

The model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is widely used in studies on metabolic regulation and aging processes, in developmental and cell biology, neurobiology and genetics. Recent studies have shown the crucial role of glycogen, the glucose polymer, in stress resistance, energy maintenance and aging of organisms. Currently, the main methods for determining glycogen in the C. elegans nematode are iodine staining, enzyme analysis, and Raman microspectroscopy, described in 2019 by A. Cherkas. The proposed spectrophotometric method allows us to quantify glycogen levels, in contrast to those used in modern practice. The nematode was grown on NGM agar seeded with E. coli as a food source for 7 days in a thermostat at 20±20 C. Then, it was washed with M9 buffer and separated from bacteria by centrifugation for 10 min at 9 000 g. The samples were placed in an ice bath and nematodes were counted in each sample at x 10 microscope magnification. The glycogen concentration was determined spectrophotometrically. This value is average for different stages of the nematode development and amounts to 0.001821 ± 0.000009 μg.
SOME ASPECTS OF EPIZOOTOLOGY OF EQUID STRONGYLATOSIS IN THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION
Authors: Smertina  , Efremova  , Marchenko
Published: August 2020

The aim of the research was to study the invasiveness of horses with strongylates of the gastrointestinal tract in the Novosibirsk Region. Diagnostic methods generally accepted in helminthology were used in the work, such as the helminthovoscopic flotation method by Fulleborn and the helmintholarvoscopic method by BermanOrlov. Material for our study, namely, feaces samples, were collected at the farms of certain districts of the Novosibirsk Region and private sports stables in Novosibirsk which differ in the technology of keeping horses. The wide distribution of equid helminthiases has been established. The variety of helminths in the gastrointestinal tract of horses is represented by helminths of the Nematoda class, which includes 2 suborders – Strongylata (families Trichonematidae and Strongylidae) and Ascaridata (Parascaris equorum). Parasitoses in horses of the stable and stablepasture management occur in the form of mixtinvasions with strongylates prevailing; Parascaris equorum act as subdominants. The average number of animals infected with strongylates at the farms of the Novosibirsk Region where the stable and pasture maintenance of horses is practiced amounted to 74.9%, respectively, with an average number of eggs 739.9 per gram of feces. In urban conditions, the invasiveness of horses by strongylates is 2 times lower and recorded at 33.3%. Trichonematids are the basis of the strongylate community, however, the infection rate of one-hoofed animals in Novosibirsk is also 2 times lower than at the farms of the Novosibirsk Region and amounts to 25.8%.
INFLUENCE OF AGE PECULIARITIES AND TECHNOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE CATTLE ON THE DISSEMINATION OF DEMODECOSIS INVASION
Authors: Stolbova
Published: August 2020

Cattle demodecosis in the Russian Federation is ubiquitous. As a result of studies in the period from 2002–2018 in the Tyumen region it was established that this region is no exception for the spread of demodectic invasion among cattle. Our studies have shown that age-related reactivity and technological decisions in keeping animals have an effect on the extent of the invasion of demodecosis. So, in the conditions of the Tyumen region, cattle are affected by demodecosis at the age of one year in – 4.72±0.05% of cases, from one year to two years in – 10.73±1.01%, heifers and first-calf animals 2–3 years old in – 13.80±1.01%, cows older than 3 years in – 17.23±1.15%. With the year-round use of a stall keeping system with a passive exercise on walking grounds, the incidence of demodecosis in young animals under the age of one year is recorded at the level of 2.11–2.12%, in adult animals over the age of 3 years – 22.57–22.93%. With active exercise in animals aged one to three years, the incidence is recorded at the level of 8.93-18.05%.
CASE OF NASITREMA SP. EGGS DETECTION IN CAPTIVE SHORT-FINNED PILOT WHALE (GLOBICEPHALA MACRORHYNCHUS)
Authors: Suvorova  , Loginova  , Prokushina
Published: August 2020

The Nasitrema sp. parasitization in the short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus) was detected using intravital diagnostic methods for the first time. The material for the study was excreted content of the upper respiratory tract which was voluntarily obtained from the whale ("blow" to the Petri dish at the trainer’s command). The study was conducted in May of 2016 at the Moskvarium – Center for Oceanography and Marine Biology. Two individuals of the short-finned pilot whale were captured in Taiji Bay (Japan) in the autumn of 2014 and transferred to Russia by air in January of 2016. The animals were kept at the temporary base in the Gerasimikha village, Pushkin district, Moscow region. Ovoscopy was performed using the native smear and Mikmed-5 light microscope (LOMO) in the light field. Yellowish eggs with caps at one of the poles were found in samples from one of the pilot whales. They were identified up to the genus (Nasitrema) according to their morphology and epizootic data. The life cycle of Nasitrema has not yet been revealed; however, being a Digenea, it, probably, must be heteroxenic. Therefore, an infected pilot whale is not a danger to other individuals.