bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining Seasonal Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Chlorophyll-a, and its Concentration in Kuwait and the Arabian Gulf using Satellite and In-situ Data
Authors: Albanai Jasem
Published: October 2024

As an indicator of phytoplankton density in an area, the concentration of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) is an important reflection of marine water quality. Remote sensing techniques have been developed to measure the near-surface concentration of Chl-a in water by combining spectral bands and in situ data. This algorithm can be applied to sensors of varying spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions. However, in this study, Chl-a level 2 and 3 products of SNPP – VIIRS spectrometer (Equation OC3) from NASA’s OceanColor suite were relied upon to establish the spatial and temporal distribution of Chl-a concentration in the Arabian Gulf (also known as the Persian Gulf) and the territorial waters of the State of Kuwait (located in the north-eastern part of the Arabian Gulf) in 2012-2019. Ground truthing points (n = 192) matched with level 2 products have been used to build and cross-validate an empirical model. The correlation was positive, with r^2 = 0.79 and validation RMSE = ± 0.64 mg/m-3. The derived algorithm was then applied to Chl-a level 3 seasonal products. Additionally, the Chl-a concentration values in Kuwaiti waters were enhanced using the IDW algorithm to increase spatial resolution, given its small size compared to the spatial resolution of level 3 Chl-a products. The model derived from IDW was tested using the Mann Whitney test (Sig = 0.948 p > 0.01). However, the result showed that Chl-a concentration was higher in the Kuwait Bay (average = 2.8 mg/m-3) than in Kuwaiti waters (average = 2.3 mg/m-3), and higher in Kuwaiti waters (average = 2.1 mg/m-3) than in the Arabian Gulf (average = 0.7 mg/m-3). Coasts have higher concentrations than open water. Generally, the Chl-a increases in winter and had a semi-regular cycle during the years of study; this cycle is more regular in the Gulf than in Kuwait.
An Experimental Study to Explore the Effectiveness of a 3D Maritime Serious Game Prototype: Maritime Leaders at Sea
Authors: Gurbuz Suleyman Cihan , Celik Metin
Published: October 2024

This paper conducts a comprehensive experimental study designed to investigate the effectiveness of a maritime serious game called Maritime Leaders at Sea (ML@S). The 3D cutting-edge prototype targets to enhance leadership and teamwork skills of undergraduate maritime students via engaging them in immersive gameplay scenarios reflective of real-world challenges at sea. Competing the ML@S sessions, the number of 76 students were included in the feedback assessment survey to assess their perceptions and attitudes on the simulated environment. The feedback is also linked to the learning analytics perspective to involve time and scoring data of players through different levels at operational scenarios. Preliminary analyses reveal promising results, suggesting a positive correlation between participation in ML@S, feedbacks after sessions, and improvements in leadership and teamwork as key competencies. It is anticipated that this study will make significant contributions towards game developers, technology start-ups, educational institutions, and global shipping companies. The implications of the study offer valuable insights for the development of future serious games aimed at enhancing essential skills of maritime human resources in dynamic and high-stakes environments.
The analysis of vegetable and fruit export competitiveness of the Republic of Srpska
Authors: Mrdalj Vesna , Ostojić Aleksandar
Published: October 2024

The aim of this research is an analysis of the Republic of Srpska's export competitiveness in vegetables and fruit on international markets. Two main evaluation indices were used, namely the trade competitiveness (TC) index and the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index to measure and analyze the international position of vegetables and fruit during 2015 – 2022. Both indicators were calculated based on statistical data on foreign trade in vegetables and fruit between the Republic of Srpska and the world, EU, and CEFTA countries, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Vegetables and fruit participate with 7.17% and 15.41% in the total export of the Republic of Srpska’s agri–food sector. Analysis of the export structure of this sector showed an average share of vegetables and fruit of 12.04% and 9.43% in the EU market, i.e., 1.63% and 9.65% in the CEFTA market. The results indicate strong export competitiveness of the Republic of Srpska in vegetables concerning the world and EU markets, but weak export competitiveness in relation with the CEFTA countries. The Republic of Srpska recorded strong export competitiveness in fruit on the world and CEFTA market, while poor export competitiveness in the EU market. Within these two product groups on the world market, cucumbers, apples, pears, and plums achieved strong export competitiveness. Cucumbers and plums were two leading products regarding strong export competitiveness On the EU market, while apples and pears were on the CEFTA market. Considering the favourable agroecological conditions for the production of vegetables and fruit, the Republic of Srpska should continue to promote production and foreign trade in these traditional products and improve their competitiveness on international markets.
Aberration correction in long GRIN lens-based microendoscopes for extended field-of-view two-photon imaging in deep brain regions
Authors: Sattin Andrea , Nardin Chiara , Daste Simon , Moroni Monica , Reddy Innem , Liberale Carlo , Panzeri Stefano , Fleischmann Alexander , Fellin Tommaso
Published: October 2024

Two-photon (2P) fluorescence imaging through gradient index (GRIN) lens-based endoscopes is fundamental to investigate the functional properties of neural populations in deep brain circuits. However, GRIN lenses have intrinsic optical aberrations, which severely degrade their imaging performance. GRIN aberrations decrease the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spatial resolution of fluorescence signals, especially in lateral portions of the field-of-view (FOV), leading to restricted FOV and smaller number of recorded neurons. This is especially relevant for GRIN lenses of several millimeters in length, which are needed to reach the deeper regions of the rodent brain. We have previously demonstrated a novel method to enlarge the FOV and improve the spatial resolution of two-photon microendoscopes based on GRIN lenses of length < 4.1 mm (Antonini et al. eLife 2020). However, previously developed microendoscopes were too short to reach the most ventral regions of the mouse brain. In this study, we combined optical simulations with fabrication of aspherical polymer microlenses through three-dimensional (3D) microprinting to correct for optical aberrations in long (length > 6 mm) GRIN lens-based microendoscopes (diameter, 500 µm). Long corrected microendoscopes had improved spatial resolution, enabling imaging in significantly enlarged FOVs. Moreover, using synthetic calcium data we showed that aberration correction enabled detection of cells with higher SNR of fluorescent signals and decreased cross-contamination between neurons. Finally, we applied long corrected microendoscopes to perform large-scale and high precision recordings of calcium signals in populations of neurons in the olfactory cortex, a brain region laying approximately 5 mm from the brain surface, of awake head-tethered mice. Long corrected microendoscopes are powerful new tools enabling population imaging with unprecedented large FOV and high spatial resolution in the most ventral regions of the mouse brain.
AIVE: accurate predictions of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity from comprehensive analysis
Authors: Park Jongkeun , Choi Won Jong , Seong Do Young , Jeong Seung Pil , Lee Ju Young , Park Hyo Jeong , Chung Dae Sun , Yi Ki Jong , Kim Uijin , Yoon Ga-Yeon , Kim Hyeran , Kim Taehoon , Go Sooyeon , Min Eun Jeong , Cho Hyun-Soo , Cho Nam-Hyeok , Hong Dongwan
Published: October 2024

This study presents an innovative research model utilizing big data science and protein structure prediction AI software. An unprecedented amount of SARS-CoV-2 data has been accumulated compared with previous infectious diseases, enabling insights into its evolutionary process and more thorough analyses. We identified amino acid substitutions ranging from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, or positively charged amino acids in the RBM region. An increased frequency of amino acid substitutions to lysine (K) and arginine (R) was detected in Variants of Concern (VOCs) and viral sequencing data. As the virus evolved to Omicron, commonly occurring mutations became fixed components of the new viral sequence. Furthermore, in specific positions, only one type of amino acid substitution and a notable absence of mutations at D467 was detected across viral sequences in VOCs. The binding affinity with the ACE2 receptor increased for later lineages. We developed APESS, a mathematical model evaluating infectivity based on biochemical and mutational properties calculated from a protein prediction of AlphaFold. We validated discoveries of features found through APESS. Infectivity was evaluated in silico using real-world viral sequences and in vitro viral entry assays. Using Machine Learning, we predicted mutations that had the potential to become more prominent. APESS and characteristics we discovered are featured in AIVE, a web-based system, accessible at https://ai-ve.org. AIVE provides an infectivity measurement of mutations entered by users which is available on fast APESS calculations and visualization of results without GPU installation. We established a clear link between specific viral properties and increased infectivity. Comprehensive analysis and specialized AIVE reporting enhance our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 and enable more accurate predictions of infectivity.
Review on pedagogical practices for computational thinking in teacher education
Authors: Sundtjønn Trude , Aalbergsjø Siv G. , Møller Thilde Emilie , Schrøder Vibeke
Published: October 2024

As computational thinking (CT) enters school curricula, and research on teaching of CT emerges, the time has come to spotlight CT in teacher education (TE). To this end, we conducted a literature review on CT in TE for STEM subjects with particular focus on research into pre-service teachers’ (PSTs) learning of pedagogical practices. We found 31 articles addressing CT in TE for STEM subjects between 2012 and 2023, applying qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods, mainly with smaller sample sizes. Almost all describe teaching interventions with research on PSTs’ CT skills or attitudes. Only five articles include research questions explicitly addressing pedagogical practices for learning to teach CT. However, 13 articles explicitly describe such pedagogical practices and another seven implicitly do so. The review shows that the practices for teaching CT is an under-researched area, and the field lacks a common language and systematic research approaches. However, we do find that TE has clear ambitions for teaching PSTs about pedagogical practices as well as CT skills and attitudes.
Sign of the Times
Authors: Pajchel Katarina , Mifsud Louise , Frågåt Thomas , Rehder Mads Middelboe , Juuti Kalle , Bogar Yurdagül , Lavonen Jari , Schrøder Vibeke , Aalbergsjø Siv G. , Rognes André
Published: October 2024

This paper discusses the significance of school curricula in reflecting societal priorities and needs, focusing on the incorporation of computational thinking (CT) in Nordic national curricula. Our point of departure is that the preparedness of future generations for a digitally driven society can be determined by analysing how CT is either explicitly or implicitly framed in school curricula. Accordingly, this study examined the school curricula of Denmark, Finland, and Norway in terms of their similarities and differences in how they framed CT, as these countries have different approaches to the inclusion of CT. A framework for analysis that was grounded in influential works on CT in education was developed, focusing on problem-solving, algorithmic and transversal practices. National-level curricula were examined using a content analysis. Despite the differences in the approaches used in these countries, our findings indicate similarities across all three curricula, with an emphasis on how CT was framed.
Unraveling the dynamics of Xanthomonas’ flagella: insights into host-pathogen interactions
Authors: Malvino Maria L.
Published: October 2024

Understanding the intricate interplay between plants and bacteria is paramount for elucidating mechanisms of immunity and disease. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the role of flagella in bacterial motility and host recognition, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms underlying plant immunity and bacterial pathogenicity. We delve into the sophisticated signaling network of plants, highlighting the pivotal role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in detecting conserved molecular patterns known as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), with a particular focus on flagellin as a key MAMP. Additionally, we explore recent discoveries of solanaceous-specific receptors, such as FLAGELLIN SENSING 3 (FLS3), and their implications for plant defense responses. Furthermore, we examine the role of bacterial motility in host colonization and infection, emphasizing the multifaceted relationship between flagella-mediated chemotaxis and bacterial virulence. Through a comprehensive analysis of flagellin polymorphisms within the genus Xanthomonas, we elucidate their potential impact on host recognition and bacterial pathogenicity, offering insights into strategies for developing disease-resistant crops. This review is intended for professionals within the fields of crops sciences and microbiology.
Identification of candidate genes associating with soybean cyst nematode in soybean (Glycine max L.) using BSA-seq
Authors: Hu Haibo , Yi Liuxi , Wu Depeng , Zhang Litong , Zhou Xuechao , Wu Yang , Shi Huimin , Wei Yunshan , Hou Jianhua
Published: October 2024

Soybean cyst nematode disease represents the major soil-borne disease of soybean. Identifying disease-resistant genes in soybean has a substantial impact on breeding of disease-resistant crops and genetic improvement. The present work created the F2 population with the disease-resistant line H-10 and disease-susceptible line Chidou4. 30 respective F2disease-resistant and disease-susceptible individuals for forming two DNA pools for whole-genome re-sequencing were selected. As a result, a total of 11,522,230 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) markers from these two parental lines and two mixed pools were obtained. Accordng to SNP-index based association analysis, there were altogether 741 genes out of 99% confidence interval, which were mainly enriched into regions of 38,524,128∼39,849,988 bp with a total length of 1.33 Mb contain 111 genes on chromosome 2, 27,821,012∼29,612,574 bp with a total length of 1.79 Mb contain 92 genes on chromosome 3, 308∼348,214 bp with a total of length 0.35 Mb contain 34 genes on chromosome 10, and 53,867,581∼58,017, 852 bp with a total length of 4.15 Mb contain 504 genes on chromosome 18. Bulk segregant analysis in F2 generations (BSA-seq) was correlated with a disease resistance interval containing 15 genes. Then, using bioinformatics analysis and differential expression analysis, five candidate genes were identified: Glyma.02G211400, Glyma.18G252800, Glyma.18G285800, Glyma.18G287400 and Glyma.18G298200. Our results provides a key basis for analyzing the soybean resistance mechanism against soybean cyst nematode and cloning soybean resistance genes.
Cementerios costeros y pendientes en Chile SXIX - SXX: La revitalización de la ladera en los cementerio de Playa Ancha, Zapallar y Tomé
Authors:   , Lira Constanza
Published: October 2024

Históricamente, los pueblos costeros construían sus cementerios alejados del núcleo urbano, debido a temáticas de higiene y salubridad, emplazándose en terrenos de menor valor y, frecuentemente, con pendientes pronunciadas que caen hacia el mar. Con el crecimiento de estos asentamientos, los cementerios han quedado rodeados por la trama urbana, careciendo de espacio para su expansión y sin una conexión adecuada con el borde costero. Esta tesis busca analizar algunos casos representativos en Chile que presentan estas características, con el fin de entender su configuración y explorar estrategias para la revitalización y aprovechamiento de la ladera, ya sea ampliando su capacidad o integrándolos de manera más armónica con el borde costero.Se tomaron como caso de estudio tres cementerios construidos en Chile durante los siglos XIX y XX, ubicados en acantilados con vistas al mar: los cementerios de Playa Ancha y Zapallar en la Región de Valparaíso, y Tomé en la Región del Biobío. El análisis se centró en su relación con la ladera, considerando su contexto histórico, ubicación y límite con el acantilado. Posteriormente, se examinaron las características específicas de los acantilados donde están enclavados, para luego evaluar tipologías de construcción en ladera considerando ejemplos, tanto nacionales como internacionales, y así determinar soluciones factibles para la integración de los cementerios con su entorno.Tras el análisis se concluye que es factible realizar intervenciones en los acantilados donde se encuentran ubicados los cementerios, con el objetivo de ampliarlos y mejorar su conexión con la costa. Estas soluciones son, a su vez, extrapolables para otros cementerios con condiciones geográficas y geológicas similares
Sistema de módulo y vacío. Optimización a través de la gestión de la construcción de un edificio modular de madera en la ciudad de Curicó
Authors:   , Cadagan Pérez Santiago
Published: October 2024

La industria de la construcción nos plantea dos problemáticas singulares que han de enfrentarse. Por un lado, esta es responsable de un porcentaje considerable de la energía y materiales utilizados a nivel mundial, asi como de los desechos contaminantes producidos. Por otro, Chile posee un déficit tanto cuantitativo como cualitativo de viviendas. Es por ello que se esta tesis de investigación y proyecto propone un sistema de construcción de módulos volumétricos prefabricados de CLT para la creación de un anteproyecto de un edificio híbrido de vivienda en altura en la ciudad de Curicó, mediante un estudio que combina la arquitectura con la gestión de la construcción de las diferentes etapas que componen el desarrollo de un edificio modular (fabricación, transporte y montaje). La dispocición de los módulos de forma intercalada permite generar espacios utilizando menos módulos, mientras que la integración de módulos verticales de servicios permite solventar los desafios de la integración de los servicios en construcción la modular al mismo tiempo que se aprovechan las ventajas de la prefabricación. Esto tambien permite prescindir de núcleos estructurales de hormigón.Dentro de esta propuesta se toma en cuenta una alta densificación, el encuentro entre espacios de uso público y privado, y la disposición de diferentes alternativas de vivienda que puedan cubrir múltiples necesidades, se busca hacer de las etapas de desarrollo de la construcción mas eficientes y así, propiciar una construcción que pueda ser tanto sostenible como viable.
Procesos de aprendizaje y cambio docente en el marco de una experiencia de desarrollo profesional para la promoción de la autorregulación del aprendizaje: un estudio de casos múltiples
Authors:   , Smart Torrealba María Josefa
Published: October 2024

Los docentes juegan un papel crucial en el desarrollo de la autorregulación del aprendizaje (ARA) de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, la enseñanza de la ARA es poco frecuente y existe un vacío sobre cómo formar a los docentes en esta área. Este estudio caracterizó los procesos de aprendizaje y cambio de docentes de educación básica en una intervención para la promoción de la ARA, utilizando una metodología de estudio de casos múltiples anidados. Participaron siete docentes en dos condiciones experimentales: centrada en el estudiante y centrada en el docente (con y sin trabajo colaborativo, respectivamente). Se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas pre y post, se aplicaron cuestionarios abiertos y se tomaron notas de campo durante las sesiones de reflexión. Los datos se analizaron mediante un análisis temático cualitativo, guiado por el Modelo Interconectado de Desarrollo Profesional Docente de Clarke y Hollingsworth (2002). El análisis identificó diversas trayectorias de cambio docente para la promoción de la ARA y factores críticos que apoyan este proceso de aprendizaje profesional. Los resultados indican que todas las docentes avanzaron en la integración de prácticas promotoras de la ARA, pero la adopción de estas prácticas está fuertemente influenciada por sus puntos de partida, motivación, facilidad de integración en la enseñanza y capacidad para producir efectos rápidos en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Esto resalta la importancia de considerar las condiciones iniciales de las docentes para ofrecer apoyos pertinentes y diseñar estrategias que promuevan la autoeficacia docente en experiencias de desarrollo profesional para la ARA.
Sugarcane Bagasse Based Adsorbents and their Adsorption Efficacy on Removal of Heavy Metals from Nakuru Industrial Wastewater: Optimization, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Aspects
Authors: Lang’at Ezekiel Kipkorir , Omolo Josiah Ouma , Ongoma Peter Olengo
Published: October 2024

Currently, researchers are seeking to reduce heavy metal contamination from the environment, using agricultural waste materials like rice husk, groundnuts shells among others. The study focused on the removal of Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), and Cr(III) ions from aqueous solutions and Nakuru industrial wastewater using sugarcane bagasse (NSCB) and valorised bagasse ash (VSCB), as alternative low-cost agricultural waste bio-sorbents. To achieve this goal, sugarcane bagasse was collected from Nzoia sugar industry in western Kenya, while the valorised bagasse was obtained by heating sugarcane bagasse sample in a muffle furnace at 300°C for three hours. Furthermore, batch adsorption studies were performed, and the effects of several factors, i.e. adsorbent particle size, pH, contact time, initial heavy metal ions concentration and temperature were investigated to optimise the removal efficiency of Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni, and Cr. The optimal adsorption conditions were pH of 5.0, adsorbent dosage of 0.1 g and ≤ 150µm particle size, equilibrium time of 60 minutes and at 25 degrees Celcius. The removal kinetics of the metal ions onto both adsorbents fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model. The removal kinetics of the metal ions onto both adsorbents fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption of Pb2+ and Ni2+ onto NSCB fitted better with the Freundlich isotherm model, while Cd2+, Cu2+ and Cr3+ showed better fit for the Langmuir isotherm model. As for VSCB adsorbent, Cr3+ has a better fit with the Langmuir isotherm model whereas Pb2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+ fitted well on the Freundlich isotherm model. Freundlich constant’s (1/n) values and the separation factor (RL) from the Langmuir isotherm model indicate that the metal ions were favourably adsorbed onto the adsorbents. Langmuir isotherm model was used to estimate the maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) for Cu(II), Pb(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), and Cr(III). The negative free energy change (∆G) values revealed that adsorption process of the metal ions onto NSCB and VSCB was spontaneous. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used for characterization studies. Interactions with metal ions caused the frequencies of the active functional groups, –OH, C=O and C=C, on the bio-sorbent surfaces to shift to higher values. Therefore, sugarcane bagasse and valorised bagasse have demonstrated higher potential to remove relatively all selected heavy metals in the industrial wastewater at controlled pH.
First Principle Study of the Adsorption of Glyphosate on Illite Clay for Water Depollution
Authors: KANHOUNNON Wilfried G. , N’DOURO Orou Abdal Afiz Bana , LOKONON Ezékiel , ATOHOUN Guy A. S. , KPOTIN Gaston A.
Published: October 2024

The use of herbicides such as glyphosate in the agricultural sector enables agricultural intensification and thus satisfies the demand for agricultural products on the market. Glyphosate is widely used in agriculture as a herbicide for weeding fields. However, its use has a major drawback that calls into question its many advantages. After use, its toxic residues and metabolites end up in groundwater, which is an important source of drinking water for the population. Adsorption is the most suitable technique for recovering these toxic residues before the water is consumed. Based on Density Functional Theory, implemented in the VASP simulation code, we studied the ability of illite to adsorb glyphosate. The absorbent properties, the abundance of illite throughout the world, particularly in Benin, and the fact that it is free from toxic products were the criteria that guide us in the of illite clay for our work. Our work revealed that the process of adsorption of glyphosate on the illite surface is exothermic. This process does not present any risk of release of toxic by-products on five of the six studied sites. The illite clay can then be used to design water depollution filters to decrease medical as well as financial burden.
Graphical Analysis of Multi-environmental Trials for Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grain Yield Based on GGE Bi-Plot Analysis
Authors: Alemu Gadisa , Delesa Abebe , Duga Ruth , Dabi Alemu , Sime Berhanu , Geleta Negash , Zegaye Habtemariam , Solomon Tafesse , Zewdu Demeke , Getamesay Abebe , Asefa Bayisa , Geleta Bekele , Badebo Ayele , Bayisa Tilahun
Published: October 2024

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a crucial crop in Ethiopia, and breeders test newly developed elite lines for superiority to existing cultivars to boost national productivity. The study was undertaken during the 2021–22 to 2022–23 cropping seasons at seven environments in optimum moisture areas of Ethiopian using 36 diverse and advanced bread wheat genotypes to evaluate the GEI by the graphical method of GGE biplot and to identify the genotypes with high mean yield performance and stability. Field experiments were conducted at the Adet, Asasa, Kulumsa, and Sinana research centers in Ethiopia. The experiments were planted in an alpha lattice design replicated three times in six rows of 2.5m long. Row-to-row distance and distance between blocks were 0.2m and 1.5m, respectively.  The analysis of variance revealed that genotype, environment, and their interaction showed a highly significant effect on the yield as reflected in the GGE model and the GGE model indicated the suitability of the genotypes EBW202136 (33), Boru (1), and EBW202172 (12), with high mean yield and stability, whereas the genotypes EBW202185 (16) and Deka (36) produced high mean yield, but unstable. Likewise, the genotypes EBW202164 (27) and EBW202192 (29) produced low mean yield and unstable. The AMMI analysis of variance for grain yield across the environments showed that 17.26% of the total variation was attributed to genotypic effects, 64.03% to environmental effects, and 18.71% to GEI effects. Two mega environments were identified based on GGE biplot analysis and the which-won–model indicated the adaptation of genotypes Boru (1), EBW202159 (4), EBW202172 (12), EBW202171 (19), and EBW202136 (33) to first mega-environment and genotypes EBW202157 (3), EBW202166 (5), EBW202160 (6), EBW202162 (9), EBW202185 (16), Dursa (17) and Deka (36) in the second. These approaches allowed the identification of stable and high-yielding genotypes (EBW202136 (33) and EBW202172 (12)) which can be included in the national verification program, with a plan to release a new variety, and other genotypes with high yield could be utilized in breeding programs to further improve grain yield in bread wheat.
Markov Chain Analysis of Land-use Changes in India and Maharashtra
Authors: Jachak R. S. , Gawas O. M. , Rokade N. P. , Rathod S. B. , Chakranarayan A. D. , Bachhao K. L.
Published: October 2024

Dynamics of Agriculture resembles the history of agriculture in India which examines the emphasizing significance to the nation's legacy, culture and civilization. India's agriculture changed after independence from a food-scarce nation to one that exports food this comes true primarily due to the result of scientific advancements. The present study is based on secondary data with the use of Markov Chain analysis to ascertain land-use changes in India and Maharashtra state. Changes in land use brought on by agriculture, urbanization and environmental factors significantly impact resource management and sustainability. We build a Markov Chain model with secondary land utilization data from government reports to measure the transition probabilities between various land use categories over time. The Markov chain model is easy to understand and communicate. It effectively captures transitions between land-use changes over time. The model works with limited data as compared to other complex models, making it accessible for studies. The results of the study emphasize dynamic interactions between various land-use patterns in India and Maharashtra. There we have concluded a stable land-use changing pattern. A trend towards intensive cropping has been observed during this study. This study reveals important trends in land conversion, most notably the growth of urban areas at the expense of forested and agricultural areas. The predictive abilities of model highlight the significance of well-informed policy-making for sustainable land management by offering insights into potential future land use scenarios.
A Novel Method for Combination of Ionic Conductivity and pH-metry Methods for the Determination of the Aqueous Solubility of a New Diisopropylammonium Hydrogenmaleate Crystalline Molecule
Authors: Lo Momath , Faye Déthié , Seye Dame , Dieng Mamadou , Sall Mohamed Lamine , Thiaré Diène Diégane , Diaw Abdou K. D. , Fall Modou
Published: October 2024

Dissociation constant, solubility, and thermodynamic data are very important physicochemical parameters for biological substances and their knowledge is of fundamental importance for the validation of drugs. In addition to their low cost and accessibility, Conductometric and pH-metric methods seem to be particularly suitable for the determination of these parameters given the often weak acidic or basic nature of drugs. These parameters were determined for a new synthesized diisopropylammonium hydrogenmaleate (iPr2NH2-MA) crystalline molecule. Conductometric and pH-metric methods were used for this characterization. The pH-metric method lead to pKa1 = 3.6, pKa2 = 6.7 and pKa3 = 7.5, while the conductometric method made it possible to determine two pKa values which are pKa1 = 3.5 and pKa3 = 7.8. The values of the thermodynamic parameters calculated for the enthalpy change (∆rH0) and the entropy change (∆S) of the iPr2NH2-MA acidic dissociation reaction are of the order of ∆H = 25. 36 ± 0.06 kJ.mol-1 and ∆S = 6.08 ± 0.18 kJ.mol-1.K-1. In addition, the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) of the molecule decreased as a function of temperature. The solubility varied between 1 and 84 mg mL-1 for pH values comprised between 3.5 and 8.5 and reached its maximum Smax = 84 mg mL-1 at pH 5.6. The dissociation process was found to be is non-spontaneous, endothermic and entropically favorable. These results demonstrated on the one hand the reliability and effectiveness of the Conductometric and pH-metric methods for the characterization of molecules with acidic and/or basic sites, and on the other hand the excellent physical and chemical properties of diisopropylammonium hydrogenmaleate (iPr2NH2-MA) crystalline molecule.
Income Analysis and Break-Even Point of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Business: A Case Study of the Lubuk Makmur and Tani Makmur Farmer Groups in Mugirejo Village, Samarinda City, Indonesia
Authors: Duakaju Nella Naomi , Putri Fadilla Amilia , Mariati Rita
Published: October 2024

Horticulture is a field that has great potential to be developed in the agricultural sector, because it has advantages that are much higher than other commodities, such as high economic value and significant added value. The prospects for farming in Samarinda City have good prospects and most vegetable farmers rely on income from mustard farming. The research aims to analyze production costs and receipts as well as income from mustard greens farming in Mugirejo Village, Sungai Pinang District, Samarinda City. This research was conducted for four months starting from March 2024 to June 2024. The research was conducted at the Lubuk Makmur and Tani Makmur Farmers Groups, Mugirejo Village, Sungai Pinang District, Samarinda City. The method used in sampling was purposive sampling with a sample size of 22 respondents. The data analysis method used was an analysis of production costs, revenues, income, and BEP. The results of this study indicate that the duration of mustard cultivation from land preparation to harvesting in one mustard planting season is 40 days, with a planting area of ​​0.755 m2 or 0.034 ha, farmers spend production costs to run mustard farming activities of IDR 1.269.916,63 respondents-1 planting season-1 or IDR 40.976.680,00 respondents-1 planting season-1 ha-1. The average income received by mustard farmers is IDR2.642,471.59 respondents-1 planting season-1 or IDR 85.419.034,09 respondents-1 planting season-1 ha-1. The average income received by farmers in running mustard farming in the research area is IDR1.372.554,96 respondents-1 planting season-1 or IDR39.994.979,00 respondents-1 planting season-1 ha-1. The BEP selling price and BEP production volume of mustard farming in Mugirejo Village are respectively IDR8,696.39 kg-1 and 81.20 kg-1. The BEP value is smaller than the average selling price and production values, so it can be concluded that mustard farming is profitable.
Biomass Energy from Agricultural Waste: Evaluating Groundnut Vines and Pumpkin Straws for Combustion Performance
Authors: Overmars Ondari Brian
Published: October 2024

Energy demand has risen significantly in developing countries due to rapid population growth and increase in economic activities such as industrialization, automation manufacturing and digitalization. Dependency on conventional sources of energy in both rural and peri-urban is high. Traditional energy resources lead to environmental degradation due to carbon oxide release leading global warming and deforestation which results to hydrological decline; therefore, need to come up with renewable resources from other sources such as agricultural wastes to meet the demand and solve environmental pollution problems. This study carried out an investigation on combustion and performance analysis of pumpkin straws and groundnut vines to establish their energy potential. ASTM standards were used to determine the proximate and ultimate properties. This analysis revealed moisture content (8.7-12.4%), volatile matter (63-69%), fixed carbon (11.5-18.5%), ash content (6.3-8.2%), Sulphur (0.09-0.13%), nitrogen (1.02-1.03%), oxygen (5.01-55.88%), carbon (41.8-43%) and hydrogen (5.96-6.3%). Calorific values for the briquettes were above 4389 kCal, which is above most biomass. The density and compressive strength were above 0.63 g/cm3 and 17N/mm2 respectively from compaction pressure of 150, 250 and 350 kg/cm2. The burning time was between 4 and 5.3 min, showing an increase with compaction pressure, burning rate ranged between 4.3 and 2.9 g/min, a decrease with compaction pressure increase. The specific fuel consumption portrayed an inverse relationship with calorific value and a direct relationship with compaction pressure, ranging between 166 to 176 grams per litre. Temperature-weight analysis revealed thermo stability of this feedstock, portraying resemblance to proximate analysis. Having exhibited close relationship to other agricultural wastes used for fuel, groundnut vines and pumpkin straws are a solution to environmental degradation by reducing deforestation and emissions. It is recommended that further research on mixing this feedstock with other agricultural wastes as well as making and testing of pellets be carried out to maximize energy output.
An Insight into the Lived Experiences of Medical College Women Post-pandemic
Authors: Michelle Galeos, , M. Domag, Concepcion , John Palarisan, Novie
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to document and analyze the narratives of college women pursuing medical-related courses in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the multifaceted challenges they encountered and the strategies they employed to navigate these difficulties. The research aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of how the pandemic has reshaped the educational landscape for these students, impacting not only their academic pursuits but also their mental health, social interactions, and overall well-being. Using a qualitative approach, the study employed in-depth semi-structured interviews with participants selected through purposive sampling, ensuring a diverse representation of experiences. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis, allowing for the identification of key themes related to the academic, emotional, and social dimensions of their experiences. By capturing their narratives, this study sought to enrich the existing body of knowledge regarding the pandemic's effects on higher education, particularly within the realm of medical education, which demands a unique set of skills and resilience. The significance of this research lies in its potential to inform educational institutions, policymakers, and support services about the specific needs and experiences of college women in medical programs. It highlights the importance of acknowledging gender-specific challenges and the necessity for tailored support systems. Ultimately, the findings aim to guide the development of gender-sensitive policies and interventions that foster a supportive educational environment, enhancing the holistic well-being and academic success of these students. This research not only addresses immediate concerns but also contributes to a broader discourse on equity and inclusion in higher education, advocating for a more responsive and adaptive approach to the evolving needs of college women in medical fields.
Exploring the Complex Relationship between Psychological Stress and Fertility: Implications for Population Growth in Developing Countries
Authors: Alam Imtiyaz , Chander Praveen
Published: October 2024

Uncontrolled population growth has raised serious concerns among future policymakers. Although fertility rate has declined substantially over time, in developing countries the rate is still very high. Most of these countries face serious issues such as; severe poverty, malnutrition, unemployment, homelessness, financial insecurity, and medical insufficiency, leading to psychological distress. This article explores the mechanisms of psychological stress and its potential effects on human fertility. An attempt is made to differ from the existing claim that stress is anti-steroidogenic. This counter was based on earlier studies on adaptation of acute stress and overcoming stress stimuli. Which have asserted that individual adaptive abilities can alter the negative outcome of psychological stress depending on genetic, environmental, and behavioural factors. One of such adaptations comes from mitochondrial efficiency. An extensive energy demand during stress is achieved through competitive mitochondrial biogenesis. Earlier studies have noted that psychological stress triggers mitochondrial biogenesis. Thus, theoretically, mitochondrial biogenesis may also contribute in augmenting quality of sperm. In conclusion, stress induced biogenesis of mitochondria may contribute in enhancing fertility. Future studies on the degree of psychological stress and its possible retaliation through mitochondrial biogenesis, and subsequent responses to metabolic, and mechanical pathways, would open new avenues in understanding human fertility.
Role of Biocontrol Agents in Suppressing Plant Pathogen: A Compressive Analysis
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Nikunj Chavda , Rathore Abhishek , Nigam Rashmi , Shivam  , M Arvind , Nilesh R. , Yuvarani R.
Published: October 2024

Biocontrol agents have emerged as important tools in the quest for sustainable agriculture, offering environmentally friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides for managing plant pathogens and pests. This comprehensive review explores the advancements in biocontrol agent research, focusing on the exploration of new agents, genetic engineering, and integration into Integrated Pest Management (IPM) systems. The discovery of novel biocontrol agents from diverse environments, including plant microbiomes and marine ecosystems, has expanded the arsenal available for agricultural use, while genetic engineering and synthetic biology have enhanced the efficacy of existing agents by improving their production of antimicrobial metabolites and stress tolerance. Additionally, the development of synthetic microbial consortia and innovative delivery systems, such as encapsulation and nanotechnology, has improved the stability and application efficiency of biocontrol agents in various agricultural settings. The review also highlights the importance of sustainable and eco-friendly approaches, such as the use of organic amendments and crop rotation, to enhance the effectiveness of biocontrol strategies. These methods not only improve soil health and biodiversity but also reduce the reliance on chemical inputs. However, the widespread adoption of biocontrol agents faces challenges, including environmental variability, host specificity, and the need for supportive regulatory frameworks. Harmonizing regulatory processes, promoting public awareness, and providing incentives for sustainable practices are essential for overcoming these barriers. International cooperation and knowledge exchange are crucial for advancing research and ensuring that biocontrol agents become integral components of modern agriculture. This review underscores the potential of biocontrol agents to contribute significantly to global food security and environmental sustainability, provided that ongoing research and innovation continue to address existing challenges and expand their practical applications in diverse agricultural contexts.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of MALDI-TOF for the Identification of Waterborne Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Pascale Tetty Aya Marie , Rosine Yao Djeha , Sabine Vakou N’dri , Eric Yao Kouamé , Julien Coulibaly Kalpy
Published: October 2024

The study focuses on the application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) combined with MALDI-TOF MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry) for the identification of waterborne pathogenic bacteria in urban water networks. In this comprehensive research, 168 bacterial strains were meticulously isolated from the water networks of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, a region known for its inadequate wastewater treatment infrastructure. The analysis aimed to rapidly and precisely identify these bacterial pathogens, leveraging the power of MALDI-TOF MS and the sophisticated data reduction capabilities of PCA. This approach not only accelerates the identification process but also enhances the accuracy of detecting various pathogens. The study identified a diverse range of pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Providencia rettgeri, Providencia stuartii, Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, and Staphylococcus aureus. These findings underscore the critical public health risks posed by microbial contamination in water networks, particularly in areas with deficient waste management systems. This study highlights the necessity for improved wastewater management practices, robust public health strategies, and regular monitoring to mitigate the risks associated with waterborne pathogens. Moreover, the integration of PCA with MALDI-TOF MS proves to be a powerful tool for enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of pathogen identification in environmental water samples, offering a promising solution for better public health protection and water quality management in urban settings.
Tecnologias na educação: tecnoestresse e os impactos sobre a saúde mental de professores durante a pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Ramalho Raucy Dantas Wanderley , Santos Márcio Gonçalves dos , Silva Joelma Veras da , Marques Francisco Roldineli Varela
Published: October 2024

Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as implicações das tecnologias educacionais sobre a saúde mental de professores de ensino a distância (EaD) durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Utilizando uma revisão integrativa da literatura, foram examinados estudos relevantes disponíveis em plataformas acadêmicas como Google Acadêmico, SciELO e PubMed, focando em artigos publicados entre 2020 e 2023. A metodologia permitiu uma síntese abrangente dos dados sobre tecnoestresse e seus efeitos, revelando que a intensa utilização de tecnologias e a necessidade de adaptação rápida a novas ferramentas provocaram uma sobrecarga cognitiva e emocional significativa entre os docentes. Os resultados indicaram um aumento no estresse e Burnout devido à falta de suporte organizacional, conflitos entre vida pessoal e profissional e inadequações no ambiente de trabalho. O impacto negativo da pandemia foi evidenciado pela deterioração da qualidade de vida dos professores e pela redução da eficácia do ensino. A análise destaca a urgência de políticas que ofereçam suporte robusto e adequem as condições de trabalho para promover a saúde mental dos professores de EaD. Intervenções focadas em melhorar o suporte organizacional e as condições físicas de trabalho são essenciais para criar um ambiente educacional sustentável e equilibrado, beneficiando tanto a qualidade da educação quanto o bem-estar dos educadores