bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the effect of pressure on the KID21 (Youmen) and P6 (Neiguan) points on the severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy
Authors: Galeshi Mina , Ghanbarpour Azita , Naeimi Rad Mojgan , Asghari Shokat
Published: January 2020

Background

Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is the most common problem for women in early pregnancy. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of pressure on KID21 and P6 on the severity of NVP.

Methods

This single-blind clinical trial was conducted on pregnant women in their first trimester with NVP, referring to the clinic of Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital of Babol, Iran, in 2017. Eighty-two participants were randomly divided into KID21 and P6 pressure groups. The researcher applied pressure on these two points 20 min each day for four consecutive days. The severity of nausea and vomiting was then assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) by the patient and counting its frequency in 24 h, respectively. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22 by repeated measures ANOVA and paired sample T-Test.

Results

The severity of NVP in the 82 participating pregnant women decreased in both groups (p<0.001), and there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the severity of NVP (p=0.68), although the reduction in nausea was greater in the P6 group than KID21 group, and the reduction in vomiting was greater in the KID21 group than the P6 group. Effect size for vomiting and nausea was 0.28 and 0.16, respectively. No side-effects were observed in the two groups during these four days.

Conclusions

Pressure on P6 and KID21 points has no advantage over each other in the treatment of NVP, but acupressure is an effective, complication-free, inexpensive and accessible treatment for this complication.
Shaped femtosecond laser induced photoreduction for highly controllable Au nanoparticles based on localized field enhancement and their SERS applications
Authors: Li Chen , Hu Jie , Jiang Lan , Xu Chenyang , Li Xiaowei , Gao Yunfeng , Qu Liangti
Published: January 2020

Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have a wide range of applications because of their localized surface plasmon resonance properties. Femtosecond laser is considered to be an effective method for preparing Au NPs because of its characteristics of ultrashort irradiation periods and ultrahigh intensities. In this study, a novel method is proposed to produce an Au NP-attached substrate using the spatially and temporally shaped femtosecond laser. Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are designed to obtain the localized optical field enhancement, which leads to the femtosecond laser spatially reshaping, enabling the deposition of Au NPs by photoreduction on silicon substrates. The Au NPs prepared by this method exhibit morphological controllability and chemical stability, especially excellent spatial selectivity and uniformity, resulting in the tunable and stable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications. Also, the temporally shaped femtosecond pulses are introduced to further increase the enhancement factors of the SERS. This method successfully achieves the controllable morphology synthesis and selective deposition of Au NPs on the substrate simultaneously, which provides a promising candidate for SERS substrates fabrication, and holds potential applications in optoelectronics, such as molecular detection and biosensors.
Understanding the impacts of self-shuffling approach on structure and function of shuffled endoglucanase enzyme via MD simulations
Authors: Yenenler Aslı , Gerlevik Umut , Sezerman Ugur
Published: January 2020

Objective

We identify the impacts of structural differences on functionality of EG3_S2 endoglucanase enzyme with MD studies. The results of previous experimental studies have been explained in details with computational approach. The objective of this study is to explain the functional differences between shuffled enzyme (EG3_S2) and its native counterpart (EG3_nat) from Trichoderma reseei, via Molecular Dynamics approach.

Materials and methods

For this purpose, we performed MD simulations along 30 ns at three different reaction temperatures collected as NpT ensemble, and then monitored the backbone motion, flexibilities of residues, and intramolecular interactions of EG3_S2 and EG3_nat enzymes.

Results

According to MD results, we conclude that EG3_S2 and EG3_nat enzymes have unique RMSD patterns, e.g. RMSD pattern of EG3_S2 is more dynamic than that of EG3_nat at all temperatures. In addition to this dynamicity, EG3_S2 establishes more salt bridge interactions than EG3_nat.

Conclusion

By taking these results into an account with the preservation of catalytic Glu residues in a proper manner, we explain the structural basis of differences between shuffled and native enzyme via molecular dynamic studies.
Investigation of the relationship cellular and physiological degeneration in the mandible with AQP1 and AQP3 membrane proteins
Authors: Çiçek Mustafa , Unsal Velid , Tümer Mehmet Kemal
Published: January 2020

Objective

In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in the levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes on the mandibular bone caused by the expression of aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-3 proteins.

Material and method

14 Balb/C white mice were divided into two groups of seven, based on whether they are young or old. Mandibular tissue samples were taken for biochemical and histological analysis.

Results

Findings of our study has shown that, AQP-1 and AQP-3 immunoreactivity significantly decreased in mandibular bone tissues of aged mice in comparison to younger mice (p < 0.05). MDA and AOPP levels, which are the indicators of oxidative stress, increased in elderly mice and antioxidant defense system SOD enzyme activity was decreased (p < 0.05). The TNF-α cytokine level, which is the indicator for inflammations, was found to be higher in older mice than in young mice (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

As a result, it was observed that cellular damage, disruption in water – electrolyte balance and increased inflammation that occur during the natural process of aging had caused serious and irreversible disturbances.
Direct Comparison of Odor Responses of Homologous Glomeruli in the Medial and Lateral Maps of the Mouse Olfactory Bulb
Authors: Sato Tokiharu , Homma Ryota , Nagayama Shin
Published: January 2020

Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) expressing same-type odorant receptors typically project to a pair of glomeruli in the medial and lateral sides of the olfactory bulbs (OBs) in rodents. This multiple glomerular representation of homologous inputs is considered to have more important functional roles for odor information processing than the redundant backup system. However, a consensus idea is lacking and this hinders interpretation of the phenomenon. In addition, the shared and unique odorant response properties of the homologous glomeruli remain unclear because the majority of medial glomeruli are hidden in the septal OB, and thus it is difficult to directly compare them. OSNs, which express trace amine-associated odorant receptors (TAARs), were recently identified that project to a pair of glomeruli uniquely located in the dorsal OB. In this study, we measured the odorant-induced calcium responses of homologous pairs of TAAR glomeruli simultaneously in anesthetized mice and directly compared their response patterns. We found that they exhibited similar temporal response patterns and could not find differences in onset latency, rise time, decay time, or response amplitude. However, the medial glomeruli had significantly larger respiration-locked calcium fluctuations than the lateral glomeruli. This trend was observed with/without odorant stimulation in postsynaptic neurons of GABAergic, dopaminergic, and mitral/tufted cells, but not in presynaptic olfactory sensory axon terminals. This indicates that, at least in these TAAR glomeruli, the medial rather than the lateral OB map enhances the respiration-locked rhythm and transfers this information to higher brain centers.
Reactivated Spatial Context Guides Episodic Recall
Authors: Herweg Nora A. , Sharan Ashwini D. , Sperling Michael R. , Brandt Armin , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas , Kahana Michael J.
Published: January 2020

The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is known as the locus of spatial coding and episodic memory, but the interaction between these cognitive domains as well as the extent to which they rely on common neurophysiological mechanisms is poorly understood. Here, we use intracranial electroencephalography and a hybrid spatial-episodic memory task (29 subjects, 15 female) to determine how spatial information is dynamically reactivated in subregions of the human MTL and how this reactivation guides recall of episodic information. Our results implicate theta oscillations across the MTL as a common neurophysiological substrate for spatial coding in navigation and episodic recall. We further show that our index of retrieved spatial context is high in the hippocampus (HC) in an early time window preceding recall. Closer to recall, it decreases in the HC and increases in the parahippocampal gyrus. Finally, we demonstrate that hippocampal theta phase modulates parahippocampal gamma amplitude during retrieval of spatial context, suggesting a role for cross-frequency coupling in coding and transmitting retrieved spatial information.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBy recording from the human medial temporal lobe (MTL) while subjects recall items experienced in a virtual environment, we establish a direct relation between the strength of theta activity during memory search and the extent to which memories are organized by their spatial locations. We thereby pinpoint a role for theta oscillations in accessing the “cognitive map” during episodic retrieval and further highlight the dynamic interplay of hippocampus and extrahippocampal MTL in representing retrieved spatial context. Our results provide an important step toward a unified theory of MTL function encompassing its role in spatial navigation and episodic memory.
La muerte en las biografías escolares finiseculares y de principios de siglo de Barrantes Moreno, Díaz Pérez y Morán Márquez
Authors: Tena Fernández Ramón
Published: January 2020

La muerte se ha convertido para la literatura infantil y juvenil en la gran ausente, la omitida o la enmascarada, encontrar referencias bibliográficas que aborden el tema con total naturalidad o que simplemente la mencionen es francamente difícil. Este silencio literario no siempre se ha mostrado de forma tan acusada, de hecho existen referentes en nuestra historia como El Plutarco extremeño, Nombres claros de Extremadura o El Plutarco de los niños que apostaron por temas tan reales como controvertidos y en los cuales la descripción del fallecimiento de sus personajes suponía un elemento frecuente de la narración. Sobre las características comunes de estas tres obras, la repercusión en el lector infantil y el procedimiento habitual en la manifestación de la muerte daremos cuenta en páginas sucesivas.
Lorenzo Varela: crítica, ironía y humor en Correo Literario (1943-1945)
Authors: Martínez García Ana
Published: January 2020

El gallego Lorenzo Varela es conocido por su faceta poética, tanto en gallego como en español, y en menor medida por su labor crítica. En este trabajo se recupera una vertiente menos conocida, más irónica y humorística a través de su participación en la revista editada en el exilio argentino Correo Literario(1943-1945). En sus páginas, los comentarios ácidos que había escrito en otras publicacionesanterioresdieron rienda suelta y, sobre todo, personalidad y originalidad a esta revista y a su sucesora, con ingeniosas directas dirigidas al mundo de la cultura contemporánea, especialmente a la España franquista.
O Premio Jules Verne na literatura galega. A necesidade da inclusión das obras premiadas nas aulas galegas
Authors: Neira Rodríguez Marta
Published: January 2020

Repaso á traxectoria do Premio Jules Verne, convocado por Edicións Xerais de Galicia, na Literatura Infantil e Xuvenil galega. Nel darase conta dos autores e autoras que foron galardoados, das temáticas abordadas e doutros trazos que o definen. Farase especial fincapé na presenza das voces femininas nese galardón.
Criminal Intelligence and the Privacy of Human Life
Authors: Gutauskas Aurelijus
Published: January 2020

The article analyzes the problematic aspects of applicating the provisions of the Criminal Intelligence Act to the disclosure criminal offences. The author goes deeper into how much of the means used by criminal intelligence can legitimately penetrate into the private life of citizens. The examples of the case law are used as an attempt to find a limit (proportionality) between personal freedom and security in applying criminal intelligence activities.
Assessment of Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) in Omdurman Voluntary Counselling and Testing Center (OVCTC)
Authors: MANSOUR MUSA Basheer , Ahmedana Sara Elsheikh
Published: January 2020

PEP is taking human immunodeficiency virus medicine (HIV) within 72 hours after possible exposure to HIV to prevent the occurrence of the disease.

Significance: exposure to the needle, surgical equipment, and rape is a life-threatening condition for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), HIV, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) infection, tetanus, and syphilis.

The objective of this study was to assess the PEP.

Methods: It was a descriptive-analytical study in OVCTC in September 2008.

30 patients in study as the whole number. We included all patients attending the OVCTC and potential exposed either occupationally or through sexual intercourse and received antiretroviral therapy (ARV) agents as prophylaxis All cases diagnosed as HIV/AIDS and all persons need counseling were excluded in this study. Secondary data were collected from the records of the patients in OVCTC. Ethical considerations and clearance were taken from OVCTC and patients. It was accepted by the director.

Results: In these study 30 cases fully described from the record and part of them were interviewed. Most cases (13) 43% in the age group 26 -35 years and the minority (2) 6% in age group (5 -15 years) and (2) 6% in age group (46-55years). Male (17)56.6% and Female (13)43.4%. Single (14) 46.6%, married (14)46.6%, widow (1)3.3% and divorced (1)3.3%. Most of them (21),70% are the health care professional, (27) 90% are educated and (26)86.3%lived in Khartoum. The equipment of exposure (28)93.3% due to needle stick, (1)3.3% due to rape and (1)3.3% due to rosary. (16)53.3%were expose in 2007, (12)40% in 2008 and (2)6.6% in 2006. All of them started needle stick protocol. The baseline of HIV testing is negative in all. All of them started Duovir according to world health organization guidelines and non-reported side effects or complications.

Conclusion: Although PEP is offered in OVCTC according to world health organization (WHO) guidelines, pre and post-test counseling, ARV prophylaxis, and counseling including ARV side effects; the outcome is good, although the patients are not adherent to schedule follow-up in the center.
Estudio comparativo de los niveles de lectura y escritura en niños con y sin alteraciones auditivas cognitivas y visuales
Authors: Lastre-Meza Karina Sofia , Romero-Martínez María Alejandra , Ríos-Martínez Carlos Andrés , Campos-Santos Sandra Marcela
Published: January 2020

El presente estudio  pretendió en su esencia comparar  los niveles  de la lectura y escritura en estudiantes con y sin alteraciones auditivas, cognitivas y visuales, de tercer grado de educación básica primaria de la Institución Educativa San José de la ciudad de Sincelejo. Se asumió  un enfoque cuantitativo de investigación con un  tipo de estudio descriptivo comparativo,  mediante la aplicación de instrumentos como valoraciones clínicas de audición, visión y cognición,  y la Batería de evaluación de los Procesos Lectores de los Niños de Educación Primaria (PROLEC) de Cuetos, Rodríguez y Ruano y la Evaluación de los Procesos de Escritura (PROESC) de Cuetos, Ramos y Ruano para medir las variables lectura y escritura. El muestreo fue intencional no probabilístico y la muestra estuvo representada por  55 niños sin ningún tipo de condición alterada y 21 con alteraciones cognitivas, visuales y auditivas. A nivel estadístico, se calculó un análisis de varianza (Anova) y coeficientes de regresión lineal, así como la comparación mediante la prueba U de Mann-Whitney para muestras independientes. Las puntuaciones obtenidas fueron analizadas con el paquete estadístico IBM SPSS 23.0.0.0 Edición de 64 bits de 2015. Los resultados dejaron entrever diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre lectura y escritura, igualmente,  se observan diferencias significativas  en algunas subescalas  tanto de lectura como escritura (estructuras gramaticales, dictado de pseudopalabras, de frases con Acentos y signos de puntuación y escritura de una redacción). Se concluye que poseer una condición alterada en la audición,  cognición y visión no son limitantes para el alcance de la lectoescritura.
Percepción de la Calidad en el Sector de la Salud: Una mirada desde la nueva Región de Ñuble
Authors: Garrido Paulina Ceballos , Gutiérrez Constanza Olguin , Cabrera Nataly Guñez
Published: January 2020

La percepción de la calidad del servicio de salud se considera un determinante importante para la satisfacción del servicio y las intenciones de comportamiento. Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la percepción de la calidad del servicio de salud público y privado desde la perspectiva de los usuarios en el contexto de una ciudad del centro-sur de Chile. La metodología se llevó a cabo con 247 encuestas. Los datos se analizaron descriptivamente y empíricamente mediante una modelación no lineal. Los resultados indican que los elementos de la calidad del servicio en el sector de salud impactan en la satisfacción del servicio (usando proxy de si cumple o no los requerimientos). Es más, existen diferencias en las percepciones de esta calidad en el sector público y en el sector privado, las cuales varían si la frecuencia de uso de los centros de salud incrementa o disminuye. Estos resultados esperan alentar a los proveedores del servicio de salud en lograr una mejora en la calidad de atención del servicio otorgado considerando las inquietudes y prioridades de los interesados. Las limitaciones del estudio se centran en la muestra. Las investigaciones futuras deberían ampliar el tamaño de la muestra y la adaptación de método empíricos cuantitativos y cualitativos que favorezcan entender mejor la calidad del servicio de salud.
Matizaciones y reflexiones acerca el artículo “El ocaso de la televisión pública española ante su audiencia: un lustro decadente (2010-2015)”
Authors: Vázquez-Miraz Pedro
Published: January 2020

Se presenta en el siguiente documento una revisión del artículo escrito por Quintas-Froufe titulado “El ocaso de la televisión pública española ante su audiencia: un lustro decadente (2010-2015)”, un texto publicado en la revista Palabra Clave en el año 2018. Utilizando un marco temporal más amplio de estudio [la audiencia de la televisión pública española desde la aparición de los canales privados en el año 1990 hasta el fin del mandato de Mariano Rajoy (2018)] se concluye que la bajada en número de espectadores de la televisión pública española no fue algo específico del lustro 2010-2015, siendo más bien esta conducta una imparable tendencia iniciada a finales del siglo XX, la cual se incrementó en el siglo XXI con la aparición de una mayor competencia y las nuevas formas de consumo de la información.
On topological homotopy groups and relation to Hawaiian groups
Authors: BABAEE Ameneh , MASHAYEKHY Behrooz , MİREBRAHİMİ Hanieh , TORABİ Hamid , ABDULLAHİ RASHİD Mahdi , PASHAEİ Seyyed Zeynal
Published: January 2020

By generalizing the whisker topology on the $n$th homotopy group of pointed space $(X, x_0)$, denoted by $\pi_n^{wh}(X, x_0)$, we show that $\pi_n^{wh}(X, x_0)$ is a topological group if $n \ge 2$. Also, we present some necessary and sufficient conditions for $\pi_n^{wh}(X,x_0)$ to be discrete, Hausdorff and indiscrete. Then we prove that $L_n(X,x_0)$ the natural epimorphic image of the Hawaiian group $\mathcal{H}_n(X, x_0)$ is equal to the set of all classes of convergent sequences to the identity in $\pi_n^{wh}(X, x_0)$. As a consequence, we show that $L_n(X, x_0) \cong L_n(Y, y_0)$ if $\pi_n^{wh}(X, x_0) \cong \pi_n^{wh}(Y, y_0)$, but the converse does not hold in general, except for some conditions. Also, we show that on some classes of spaces such as semilocally $n$-simply connected spaces and $n$-Hawaiian like spaces, the whisker topology and the topology induced by the compact-open topology of $n$-loop space coincide. Finally, we show that $n$-SLT paths can transfer $\pi_n^{wh}$ and hence $L_n$ isomorphically along its points.
Improving the technology for the preparation of clay raw materials for the refractory production
Authors: Yudin A. V. , Davydov S. Ya , Apakashev R. A. , Shestakov V. S.
Published: January 2020

The technical solution of the screen with increased efficiency of separation of clay rock mass is considered. The most rational design of non-driven grate screens cantilever and spring-loaded screens — has been identified. A mathematical model is presented and a methodology for calculating the screen parameters is presented. It is shown that when selecting the appropriate parameter values for the grid-irons of the screening surface, the screens can be used for screening clay mass.
The choice of coating for the ceramic end mill, taking into account the stress-strain state of its blade. Part 2
Authors: Kuzin V. V. , Grigoriev S. N. , Volosova M. A.
Published: January 2020

It was found that the TiC coating is more effective than the TiN coating and stabilizes the temperature distribution and structural stress heterogeneity in the surface layer of Si3 N4  ceramic adjacent to the coating. It is recommended to apply TiC coating to end mills made of Si3 N4 -ceramic intended for milling of spatially complex surfaces on nickel alloy billets. Ill. 4. Ref. 25.
Stabilization of microhardness of hard alloy VK6 cutting plates modified by fast electrons by cryoprocessing
Authors: Anikin V. N. , Yeremin S. A. , Potapova E. S. , Korshunov A. B. , Kolesnikova A. M. , Balgin Zh. B. , Zhdanova M. V.
Published: January 2020

The study is devoted to the effect cryoprocessing has on the stabilization of VK6 (hard alloy) after irradiation with fast electrons with energy of 5 MeV. To investigate samples with a close microstructure characteristics, a measurement of a structure-sensitive property -- co-effective force -- was held. It was shown that the treatment of VK6 hard alloy with fast electron irradiation increases its microhardness by 30 % in comparison with the original samples without any irradiation. It was found out that the microhardness of VK6 hard alloy samples after treatment with fast electrons depends on the initial surface structure, so that polished samples have higher values of microhardness than samples which surface were ground. X-ray phase analysis made it possible to establish the difference between the structures of polished and ground surfaces of the VK6 hard alloy in a stressed state. It was also shown that the treatment with fast electrons irradiation with an energy of 5 MeV does not lead to the formation of new phases. To establish the consolidation of the effect of increasing the hardness of the irradiated materials, annealing of VK6 hard alloy samples at the temperature of 30–100 °C (on air) was held. Cryoprocessing allowed us to consolidate the effect of increasing microhardness of the surface (surface microhardness) and wear resistance after irradiation of the VK6 hard alloy. Ill. 5. Ref. 10.
Calculation of pressure losses during pneumatic transport
Authors: Shishkin S. F. , Shishkin A. S. , Ponomarev V. B.
Published: January 2020

A method for calculating pressure losses during pneumatic transport is considered with the aim of choosing the most favorable operating mode, which allows to reduce the consumption of compressed air. It has been established that the generally accepted formulas for calculating pressure losses along the path, calculated as the sum of the pressure losses for pure gas and material, do not explain the fact of the initial decrease in pressure losses with increasing air flow rate, and then their growth. The importance of accounting for changes in air density and air flow velocity along the length of the pipe, as well as the need to take into account the overlap of part of the pipeline section with material in the case of high concentrations, is shown. It is proposed to determine the pressure loss using the Bernoulli equation in integral form, for example, the Gauss method using eight nodes. The applicability of the method for calculating both straight and inclined sections of pipelines is established. The experimental results of studying and analyzing the proposed isothermal model in a vacuum pneumatic transport laboratory installation are presented. An example of calculating the pressure loss for an industrial pneumatic conveying system with a pipe length of 450 m and an inner diameter of 147 mm at various flow rates of the material is shown. Ill. 4. Ref. 21. Tab. 1.
Modeling of convective vapor-air flows near onboard suction from open-surface reservoirs
Authors: Shaptala V. V. , Logachev K. I. , Averkova O. A. , Krutikova D. N.
Published: January 2020

The results of modeling the processes of capturing harmful emissions from galvanic baths or other tanks with an open surface are presented. An approach based on a numerical determination of the concentration of contaminated substances in the working areas of the room is proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of airborne suction. The fields of air velocity and concentration of harmful vapors in the working area are calculated. The dependence of the flow velocity around the surface of the technological solution on the distance between the surface of the solution and the lower edge of the suction is determined. It is shown that increasing the efficiency of airborne suction can be achieved by mechanical shielding --installation of impervious thin visors on the sides of the bath. The height of the mechanical screen should be about 0.5 of the width of the tank. Ill. 7. Ref. 23.
Device for differentiable cooling of products in a tunnel furnace
Authors: Zubashchenko V. M. , Kuzin I. N. , Shcherbakov R. A.
Published: January 2020

The design of a device for supplying differentiable flows cooling products with different enthalpy values has been developed. An algorithm has been developed to control the system for extracting hot air from the cooling zone at the junction of the cooling and firing zones for feeding into the mixing chamber with atmospheric air and then to the dryer. At the same time, part of the selected hot air enters a special sectional heat exchanger, where it is converted into two cooling flows with different enthalpies of heat agents. Ill. 2. Ref. 6.
Assessment of safety and effectiveness for pediatric patients of cryoanalgesia compared to epidural for the Nuss procedure in real-world data from Electronic Health Records: a protocol and statistical analysis plan v1
Authors: S. Glicksberg Benjamin , Mora Roberto , Rensi Stefano , A. Rudrapatna Vivek , M. Bishara Andrew , Gress Elizabeth , Vashisht Rohit , Zobel Michael , Padilla Benjamin , Padilla Benjamin , J. Butte Atul
Published: January 2020

Randomized control trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for clinical trials to evaluate effectiveness and safety of interventions. Conducting RCTs, however, is not always feasible, particularly for rare conditions. Real-world data (RWD), including clinical information from Electronic Health Records (EHR), are utilized for similar analyses in retrospective data. The United States Food and Drug Administration are increasingly receptive of accepting such analyses as evidence as long as the studies are designed and conducted robustly. EHR work suffers from a reproducibility crisis due to such factors such as hospital-specific biases, among others. Akin to preregistration of RCTs, devising, detailing, and publishing protocols of RWD before conducting analyses can enhance reproducibility and fidelity of results. In the current work, we release a detailed protocol to assess effectiveness and safety of a cryoablation intervention compared to epidural for pain control in adolescent patients undergoing the Nuss procedure in the retrospective EHRs of a major hospital system.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN DALAM PENULISAN KARYA ILMIAH MAHASISWA JEPANG DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BIPA
Authors: Nugroho Rahadian Duwi , Suryawati Cicilia Tantri , Zuliastutik Hendri
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor kesalahan penulisan dan upaya mengidentifikasi penyelesaian kesalahan penulisan karya ilmiah pada mahasiswa Setsunan yang belajar bahasa Indonesia di Universitas Dr. Soetomo. Untuk mengkaji masalah penelitian, teori yang digunakan berkaitan dengan penggunaan bahasa baku dan benar, EYD dan analisis kesalahan sebagai teori utama. Metode yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif-kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahawa faktor kesalahan penulisan terdapat pada kesalahan ejaan, tata bahasa dan sistematika. Kesalahan ejaan meliputi kesalahan penulisan huruf kapital, kecil dan miring. Kedua, kesalahan tata bahasa meliputi pemborosan penggunaan kata, penggunaan kalimat yang tidak tepat, tidak sampai sasaran dan tidak tuntas, serta penggunaan verba pasif di yang tertukar dengan fungsi awalan di sebagai kata depan. Ketiga, kesalahan sistematika penulisan meliputi tebal tipisnya huruf, koherensi, jarak antarsubbab dan ketidaktuntasan kalimat. Upaya penyelesaian kesalahan penulisan agar tidak terulang kembali dengan cara merealiasikan pembuatan modul penulisan karya ilmiah dengan bahasa yang sederhana dilengkapi dengan penjelasan sistematika, format dan substansi karya ilmiah.
MAKNA PERJUANGAN DALAM NOVEL INDONESIA BERLATAR PERANG KEMERDEKAAN (TINJAUAN NEW HISTORICISM GREENBLATT)
Authors: Wicaksono Andri
Published: January 2020

Through this new approach of historicism, this study aims to reveal the construction of the meaning of "striving" in a new historical perspective, either by 'republican' or ruler (colonist who wants to set foot again). The novels characterized by the background during the independence war were chosen to be the primary data source in this study. The method used in the research is qualitative interpretive, namely the parallel reading between literary texts representing the history of the Indonesian struggle with historical texts depicting similar events. Data analysis techniques used are content analysis consisting of three paths, including: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing or verification. The results showed that the meaning of the struggle in the novel consists of two points of view, namely for the republic and ruler (colonizers: England who dibonceng NICA). From the perspective of freedom fighters, the republic considers the figures involved to show respect for the national struggle and to contribute to defending the independence already achieved. As for the opposite, for the colonizing nation (the Netherlands), struggling in that perspective is no more proper "terrorist and thief".
KEKUATAN TOKOH PEREMPUAN DALAM NOVEL RATU KALINYAMAT KARYA MURTADHO HADI
Authors: Sugiarti Sugiarti , Qur'ani Hidayah Budi
Published: January 2020

Ratu Kalinyamat merupakan seorang pemimpin di kerajaan Jepara. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk kekuatan perempuan bernama Ratu Kalinyamat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Pendeskripsian meliputi catatan tentang bentuk-bentuk kekuatan tokoh perempuan dalam novel Ratu Kalinyamat karya Murtadho Hadi. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah  novel Ratu Kalinyamat karya Murtadho Hadi. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini berupa hasil telaah dokumen novel Ratu Kalinyamat karya Murtadho Hadi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik noninteraktif. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah penggambaran tokoh Ratu Kalinyamat yang mempunyai kekuatan, baik itu kekuatan secara fisik maupun kekuatan non fisik. Secara fisik, tokoh Ratu Kalinyamat dapat digambarkan melalui kekuatan dalam menguasai ilmu silat untuk menumpas kejahatan dan ketidakadilan yang dialami oleh rakyat. Kekuatan non fisik Ratu Kalinyamat digambarkan melalui tindakan-tindakan yang dilakukannya, antara lain (1) kekuatan untuk menentukan pendamping hidup sendiri, (2) kekuatan memendam ego perasaan, (3) kekuatan berkomunikasi dengan orang lain, dan (4) kekuatan untuk menjadi pemimpin.
CONASS Documenta nº 30 - O Direito Sanitário como instrumento de fortalecimento do SUS: ênfase na educação permanente em saúde
Authors: Naundorf Bruno , Rosa Roger dos Santos
Published: January 2020

The Conass Documenta  No. 30 presents the experience of developing a teaching strategy in health with the teaching-learning development of approximately 160 professionals from different areas of the State Health Secretariats (SES) and state prosecutors, seeking to provide observation and the understanding of health indicators, covering the entire legislative and normative framework of the SUS and strengthening public health policy through the course developed since the construction of the specialization course proposed by Conass, with Fiocruz's Sanitary Law Program (Prodisa) in Brasília, and the Open University of SUS (UnaSUS) until the delivery of Intervention Projects developed in each Brazilian state.
Editorial
Authors: Santos Alethele de Oliveira , De Carvalho Marcus Vinícus , Delduque Maria Célia , Alves Sandra Mara Campos
Published: January 2020

Editorial para la presentación del volumen 8, número 4 de los Cuadernos Iberoamericanos de Derecho Sanitario y trata sobre las recientes decisiones de la Corte Suprema Federal con respecto a la judicialización de la salud. Este es un número llevado a cabo en asociación con el Consejo Nacional de Secretarios de Salud.
Utilization of Geothermal Energy for Fish Drying in Idamdehe Village, West Halmahera, North Maluku Province
Authors: Baksir Abdurrachman , Daud Kadri , Wibowo Eko S , Akbar Nebuchadnezzar , Haji Irfan
Published: January 2020

Due to the location at the ring of fire, Indonesia has 252 geothermal potentials distributed in various regions, from Java to Nusa Tenggara, together with Sulawesi and Maluku. Geothermal points are found in North Maluku in Idamdehe Village, West Halmahera. Research on the usage of geothermal energy for fish processing in Indonesia, especially North Maluku, is very limited. Therefore, this study was aimed to use geothermal energy for fish processing using a modified oven. The sample used was the yellowstripe scad (Selaroides leptolepis). In situ measurement was done to obtain the geothermal steam temperature which is 70°C to 130°C. The experiments wewe done in 4 hours for the fish drying processed with three sets of temperature including 0°C, 50°C and 100°C. The results suggest geothermal as a promising energy souce for fish processing.
Physicochemical characteristics of acid soluble collagen from the skin of Parang parang fish (Chirocentrus dorab)
Authors: Safithri Mega , Tarman Kustiariyah , Suptijah Pipih , Widowati Neni
Published: January 2020

Waste of parang parang fish (Chirocentrus dorab) skin can be used as a source of collagen. Collagen isolation can be done chemically by the Acid Soluble Collagen (ASC) method. The objective of this research was to isolate collagen with ASC method and characterize their physicochemical. Collagen isolation consisted of pretreatment and hydrolysis with acids. The pretreatment used NaOH 0.1 M for 12 hours, while hydrolysis used acetic acid 0.5 M. Pretreatment results indicated that the concentration of non-collagen protein was 0.1243 mg/mL, while the yield collagen was 2.61%. The collagen had the viscosity of 6.50 cP, the denaturation temperature of 4°C, the transition temperature of 77.30°C, and the melting temperature of 153.90°C. The obtained collagen also had pH of 6.25. The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra analysis showed the collagen contained amide A (3425.58), B (2924.09), I (1647.21), II (1543.05), and III (1246.02) (cm-1). The collagen also contained glycine (26.69%), proline (12.24%) and alanine (9.51%).
Bioactivity and Tablet Formulation from Spirulina and Collagen Hydrolysate of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Skin
Authors: Ahmad Mirza Gulam , Setyaningsih Iriani , Trilaksani Wini
Published: January 2020

Spirulina is a microalga known as a superfood which contains high protein and is used in cosmetics, foods, and supplements industry. Collagen hydrolysate is the result of hydrolysis of collagen by protease. This study was aimed to determine the antioxidant activity and inhibition of tyrosynase from Spirulina, collagen hydrolysate and tablet formulated by combination of Spirulina and collagen hydrolysate. This research was conducted in three stages. The first stage was the extraction and hydrolysis of tilapia skin collagen, while the second stage was culturing and harvesting of Spirulina, and the third stage was determination of tablet formulation based on Spirulina and collagen hydrolysate followed by analysis of the antioxidant activity and inhibition of tyrosinase by selected tablet. Three formula with different ratio between Spirulina and collagen hydrolysates namely formula A (25%:53.75%), formula B (28.125%:50.625%), formula C (31.25%:47.5%) and additive such as vitamin C (12.5%), talk (1.25%), magnesium stearate (0.625%), aerosil (1.875%), avicel (5%) were developed. The result showed that formula A was the selected formula meeting the requirements of Ministry of Health based on the physical characteristics. The antioxidant activity of tablet A was 843 ppm and the tyrosinase inhibition was 163.56 ppm.
Quality of Longtail Tuna (Thunnus tonggol) in Different Storage Conditions
Authors: Norita Norita , Nurilmala Mala , Abdullah Asadatun
Published: January 2020

Low temperatures could inhibit bacteria producing histamine during fish handling process. Longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) is kept in ice starting from catching process until delivering to retail market to maintain quality of fish. However, long period of this storage causes growth of bacteria and deformation of histidine into histamine. This study was aimed to determine the effect of different storage conditions to the quality of longtail tuna through sensory and histamine test. Samples of longtail tuna were kept for 18 days in room temperature storage (28±2°C), cold temperature (0±3°C) and freezing temperature (-10±4°C). The quality of tuna was evaluated using Quality Index Method (QIM). The formation of histamine was analysed on day 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 14, 18 using spectrofluorometry method. Sensory acceptability limit at room temperature was one day, while cold storage reached 10 days with QIM score  11. Longtail tuna was spoiled on day 2 at room temperature with QIM score >12 and concentration of histamin at 1713.88 mg/kg. The results of histamine in frozen and cold storage on the 18th day were 59.99 mg/kg and 77.98 mg/kg, these results exceeded the FDA limit (50 mg/kg) but still below the limit of FAO (100 mg/kg).The best storage condition is frozen storage, maintaining sensory acceptability and preventing histamine formation.
Bioprinting of Multimaterials with Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing
Authors: Lee J. M. , Sing S. L. , Yeong W. Y.
Published: January 2020

Multimaterials deposition, a distinct advantage in bioprinting, overcomes material’s limitation in hydrogel-based bioprinting. Multimaterials are deposited in a build/support configuration to improve the structural integrity of threedimensional bioprinted construct. A combination of rapid cross-linking hydrogel has been chosen for the build/support setup. The bioprinted construct was further chemically cross-linked to ensure a stable construct after print. This paper also proposes a file segmentation and preparation technique to be used in bioprinting for printing freeform structures.
Low Expression of ICAM-1 in Blood Eosinophils in Patients With Active Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Perez-Lucendo I , Gomez Torrijos E , Donado P , Melero R , Feo-Brito F , Urra JM
Published: January 2020

Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic and isolated inflammation of the esophagus characterized by a marked infiltration of eosinophilic leukocytes. Diagnosis and course of the disease are based exclusively on histopathology. Therefore, patients must undergo several esophageal biopsies, implying a risk associated with the procedure and considerable use of resources. Objective: The presence of active circulating eosinophils, which are quantifiable through the expression of specific cellular activation proteins in their membrane, could be consistent with histopathological findings, which are currently the only valid parameters in studies on EoE. Methods: The activity of peripheral blood eosinophils from patients with EoE was analyzed by identifying 5 surface molecules (CD69, IL- 5Rα, CD44, ICAM-1, CD63), which are seen to be expressed by the active eosinophils in flow cytometry. The results were compared with the infiltrate of eosinophils present in patients’ esophageal biopsies. Results: ICAM-1 levels decreased significantly in patients with active EoE compared with nonactive EoE patients, allergic patients, and healthy controls. In patients with EoE, an inverse correlation was observed between the number of eosinophils in the esophageal biopsy and the percentage of ICAM-1 expression in peripheral blood eosinophils. No differences were observed for the remaining molecules studied. Conclusion: Expression of ICAM-1 in blood eosinophils could be a useful noninvasive marker for the diagnosis and assessment of patients with EoE.
Tearing the Fabric: a Critique of Materialism
Authors: Pandora Passia
Published: January 2020

One of the long-standing questions in the field of philosophy of mind is called the mind-body problem.The problem is this: given that minds and mental properties appear to be vastly different thanphysical objects and physical properties, how can the mind and body relate to and interact with eachother? Materialism is the currently preferred response to philosophy’s classic mind-body problem.Most contemporary philosophers of mind accept a materialist perspective with respect to the natureof reality. They believe that there is one reality and it is physical. One of the primary problemswith materialism has to do with the issue of physical reduction, that is, if everything is physical,how does the mental reduce to the physical? I argue that the materialistic model is problematicbecause it cannot sufficiently explain the reduction problem. Specifically, the materialist model doesnot account for our subjective experience, including qualia. I also consider the question of why thematerialist stance is so entrenched, given all the problems with the reduction problem that havebeen raised. I argue that the paradigmatic influence of materialism explains the puzzling conclusionsdrawn by philosophers. In closing, I argue that the failure of materialist perspectives to explainreduction is our invitation to take a fresh look at the alternatives.

In support of my position, I will consider the reduction problem in two sections. In the first section I will present some contemporary arguments put forth by Jaegwon Kim, Ned Block, Thomas Nagel, John Searle, David Chalmers, Frank Jackson and Roger Penrose. These contemporary arguments address four different reduction problems. Although the arguments presented by Kim, Block, Searle, Nagel, Chalmers, Jackson and Penrose are compelling, I will argue that their arguments have not succeeded in altering the mainstream materialist viewpoint.

In the second section of this paper, I will address three of my concerns regarding the reduction issue, i.e., 1) concerns regarding unresolved issues with respect to the reduction problem, 2) concerns that materialism cannot account for common characteristics of our mental experience 3) concerns regarding the validity of the materialist stance in general. In closing, I will argue that the failure of materialist perspectives to conclusively explain mind and consciousness is our invitation to take a fresh look at the alternatives.

mind-body problem; materialism; physical reduction; qualia; point-of-view
Purification of arginase from Aspergillus nidulans.
Authors: Dzikowska A , Le Caer J P , Jonczyk P , Wëgleński P
Published: January 2020

Arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) of Aspergillus nidulans, the enzyme which enables the fungus to use arginine as the sole nitrogen source was purified to homogeneity. Molecular mass of the purified arginase subunit is 40 kDa and is similar to that reported for the Neurospora crassa (38.3 kDa) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (39 kDa) enzymes. The native molecular mass of arginase is 125 kDa. The subunit/native molecular mass ratio suggests a trimeric form of the protein. The arginase protein was cleaved and partially sequenced. Two out of the six polypeptides sequenced show a high degree of homology to conserved domains in arginases from other species.
Clofibrate and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate increase ubiquinone contents without affecting cholesterol levels.
Authors: Aberg F , Appelkvist E L
Published: January 2020

Induction studies were performed on liver, muscle, heart, brain and blood by feeding Sprague-Dawley rats a diet containing a peroxisome proliferator, clofibrate or di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. Ingestion of these drugs resulted in an increase in the amount of two different types of ubiquinone homologues UQ9 and UQ10 found in rat. Phthalate proved to be the more effective drug, leading to a highly increased amount of ubiquinone in the liver. Increases were also found in all the above-mentioned organs except the brain. The UQ9 levels were raised to 400, 200, 120 and 120%, of the respective normal values. The antioxidant and hypolipidemic agent, probucol, was used as a control to evaluate whether the increased ubiquinone level constituted a response to the elevated hydrogen peroxide pressure, resulting from the induced increase in fatty acid beta-oxidation. In the presence of probucol, ubiquinone levels were decreased in all the above-mentioned organs except heart and brain. Probucol had limited effects on the amount of cholesterol and did not significantly alter the amount of dolichol. The two peroxisome proliferators differed in their effects on cholesterol, as well as on dolichol levels which was induced by phthalate but not by clofibrate. The possible mechanisms involved, and the importance of low toxicity drugs which could elevate ubiquinone levels in various tissues, are discussed.
Metabolism of [3-3H]oleanolic acid in the isolated Calendula officinalis leaf cells and transport of the synthesized glycosides to the cell wall and the extracellular space.
Authors: Szakiel A , Wasiukiewicz I , Janiszowska W
Published: January 2020

It has been shown for the first time that [3-3H]oleanolic acid glycosides formed in the cytosol of C. officinalis leaf cells are transported to the extracellular space in the form of pentaglucoside VI (44%), whereas glucuronides derived from [3-3H]oleanolic acid 3-O-monoglucuronide (29%) as well as a part of glucosides (24%) were transported into the cell walls.
Design Thinking and Empowerment of Students in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Noel Lesley-Ann , Liu Tsai Lu , Rider Traci Rose
Published: January 2020

This article highlights a study in which critical pedagogy was introduced through design thinking strategies to primary school students in rural Trinidad and Tobago. By encouraging interactive discussions between students and instructors, the overarching objective was achieved. In order to build students’ critical awareness, agency and empowerment, during three weeks in a summer camp, the students and instructors engaged actively, in repeated dialogues concerning student rights, media bias, change, and utopian ideas for a better future. As the process unfolded, the students took more control of their learning. They identified and suggested solutions for community problems. The case study demonstrated that student-centred strategies which foster critical awareness and development of social consciousness, can be successfully implemented in schools with limited resources.