bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Lattice of ESI-closed Classes of Multifunctions on Two-elements Set
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Panteleev V. I. , Taglasov E. S. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: December 2021

The paper considers multifunctions on a two-element set with superposition and the equality predicate branching operator. The superposition operator is based on the intersection of sets. The main purpose of the work is to describe all closed classes with respect to the considered operators. The equality predicate branching operator allows the task to be reduced to a description of all closed classes generated by 2-variable multifunctions. Using this, it is shown that the lattice of classes closed with respect to the considered operators contains 237 elements. A generating set is specified for each closed class. The result obtained in the paper extends the known result for all closed classes of partial functions on a two-element set.
Feasibility of using death certificates for studying place of death in Latin America
Authors: Seitz Katja , Deliens Luc , Cohen Joachim , Emanuel Adrian Cardozo , Tripodoro Vilma A. , Cesar Iwamoto Marcucci Fernando , Rodrigues Luís Fernando , Derio Lea , Sánchez-Cárdenas Miguel Antonio , Salazar Valentina , Samayoa Victor Rolando , Pozo Ximena , Dykeman-Sabado Diane A. , Lanza Celina Castañeda de la , Algaba Nineth Carolina Baltodano , Alvarez Gabriela Píriz , Viana Leticia , González Tulio , Pastrana Tania
Published: December 2021

Objective.

This paper assesses the availability and quality of death certificate data in Latin America and the feasibility of using these data to study place of death and associated factors.

Methods.

In this comparative study, we collected examples of current official death certificates and digital data files containing information about all deaths that occurred during 1 year in 19 Latin American countries. Data were collected from June 2019 to May 2020. The records for place of death and associated variables were studied. The criteria for data quality were completeness, number of ill-defined causes of death and
timeliness.

Results.

All 19 countries provided copies of current official death certificates and 18 of these registered the place of death. Distinguishing among hospital or other health care institution, home and other was possible for all countries. Digital data files with death certificate data were available from 12 countries and 1 region. Three countries had data considered to be of high quality and seven had data considered to be of medium quality. Categories for place of death and most of the predetermined factors possibly associated with place of death were included in the data files.

Conclusions.

The quality of data sets was rated medium to high in 10 countries. Hence, death certificate data make it feasible to conduct an international comparative study on place of death and the associated factors in Latin America.
Analysis of the umbrella-type reflector opening process on a stand with an active gravity compensation system
Authors: Ivanov A. V. , Zommer S. A.
Published: December 2021

During the verification of the functioning of the transformed structures in ground conditions, it is necessary to minimize the effect of gravity in order to exclude the occurrence of additional loads on the hinge assemblies and opening mechanisms. To perform this task, when testing a transformable umbrella-type reflector, stands with an active gravity compensation system are used, in which the gravity compensation force is applied to each spoke of the reflector. However, when compensating for the gravity spokes of the reflector, the fixing point of the suspension cable does not coincide with the center of mass of the spoke, which leads to the appearance of additional moments of forces acting on the suspended structure. Therefore, as an object of research, a part of the reflector was considered, consisting of a spoke, with cords of a formforming structure attached to it and a mesh. A 3D model has been developed, using which the positions of the center of mass of the structure under consideration were determined in the key phases of the reflector opening. A computational analysis of the driving forces and moments acting on the structure in the process of disclosure is carried out. The degree of influence of the suspension point position on the inaccuracy of gravity compensation has been established. The results of the analysis presented in the article can be used as initial data for the development of an algorithm for the operation of an active gravity compensation system, which will be able to take into account the position of the suspension point and the center of mass of the structure relative to the axis of rotation of the spoke during the opening of the reflector, by changing the gravity compensation force.
ПЕРЕВІРКА І НАЛАШТУВАННЯ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ТЯГОВОГО ЕЛЕКТРОПРИВОДУ У СТАЦІОНАРНИХ РЕЖИМАХ
Authors: Noskov Valentin , Blyndiuk Vasyl , Skorodielov Volodymyr , Heiko Hennadii
Published: December 2021

При розробці електропередачі вітчизняного дизель-поїзда ДЕЛ-02 з тяговими асинхронними двигунами, вирішувалося питання можливості перевірки в умовах депо його основних характеристик. Для цього потрібно було забезпечити в стаціонарних режимах навантаження та контроль роботи дизель-генераторної установки, перетворювача частоти і тягових двигунів без використання додаткового устаткування. Для забезпечення надійності експлуатаційних характеристик дизель-поїзда в систему керування електропередачі введена система контролю і діагностики основних параметрів в процесі руху. Крім того, з урахуванням особливостей схеми електропередачі, передбачена можливість перевірки і налаштування її параметрів у стаціонарних режимах. Із цією метою запропоновано та обґрунтовано використання гальмового резистора у якості навантаження дизель-генератора, а перетворювач частоти при цьому навантажується на загальмовані тягові двигуни. При цьому система регулювання залишається замкнутою, а реєстрація параметрів виконується системою контролю і діагностики
OPERATIONAL ASPECTS OF WEB-APPLICATIONS DEVELOPMENT BASED ON JAVASCRIPT FRAMEWORK
Authors: Maslov A. , Dzuban O. , Derkach T. M. , Dmytrenko T. A.
Published: December 2021

The problem of using hypertext markup language HTML5 and cascade style sheets CSS3 while developing the visual interface of applications in development framework based on programming language JavaScript was studied. The performance features of main components of application infrastructure were analyzed. JSON format usage and influence on application operation of such elements as repository data base, WEB-services, server and client side portion of application and content delivery network were investigated. The main criteria of development socially minded applications with attractive visual interface on JavaScript and HTML5 were defined. The analysis of operational aspects of JavaScript programming language and its usage while developing visual interface of applications and its further promotion in the world of hardware and software was carried out. The research result is the information system development for courier delivery
VIDEO AND AUDIO CONTENT ARE EFFECTIVE COMPONENTS OF SOCIAL NETWORK DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Simhayev A. , Derkach T. , Dmytrenko T.
Published: December 2021

The questions of the necessity to develop a social network are considered. The developed social network is offered for publishing new posts, adding and removing other members from the friends list, personal correspondence with any member. Particular attention is paid to the issues of using video content and the reasons for the popularity of video content are determined. A simple and user-friendly design is proposed to accomplish the task. The functions of the user in the developed system are considered and the use cases diagram is constructed. The social network database is described. The choice of the PHP programming language for the task implementation is analyzed and substantiated. Features of use and advantages of Open Server and Bootstrap framework are considered. The use in the development of the social network Ajax - the technology of developing web-applications has been substantiated. The work of the developed social network on the part of the user and the administrator are described. Particular attention is paid to the authorization of the user on the network, for the safety of pages. The test results are presented to check the system's correctness and the compliance of its implementation with the requirements. The project has been uploaded to shared hosting, which makes the social network ready for use on the Internet
SYNTHESIS TRENDS OF FORECASTING USING INDUCTIVE MODELING METHODS
Authors: Skakalina E.
Published: December 2021

Modern development of computer technology and the possibility of implementing calculations in parallel allow to solve increasingly large-scale problems of numerical modeling. The development of multiprocessor computing and parallel computing makes it important to solve problems of optimization analysis. The optimization analysis is based on the mass solution of inverse problems when the defining parameters of the considered class of problems change in certain ranges. Thus, calculations of not only direct problems where it is necessary to model the phenomenon at the known initial data, but also calculations of inverse problems where it is necessary to define on what defining parameters there is this or that phenomenon become more and more demanded. This formulation requires multiple solutions of direct problems and solving the problem of optimization analysis and construction of predictive trends. Sets of multidimensional parametric data in the paper are considered as numerical solutions of the optimization problem. The construction of predictive trends is implemented on the basis of the group method of data handling as a direction of induction modeling. The methodology of visualization of results of calculation of parametric functions is realized. The scheme of Data Mining with application of methods of visualization by means of the Matlab software environment is described
THE EUROPEAN UNION AND ITALY RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF SUPRANATIONAL FISCAL REGULATION
Authors:   “Vorob’evy gory” State Education Center, Mikhalev Dmitrii О. , Sergeev Egor’ A. ,   MGIMO University
Published: December 2021

The article presents a retrospective analysis of relations between the government of Italy and the European Union institutions in the context of supranational fiscal regulation in 2002–2019. The authors analyze the influence of external and internal factors on the state of public finance in Italy, note the reasons that made it difficult to meet the requirements of the Stability and Growth Pact, study the main issues on the agenda in the EU-Italy relations and their evolution. The authors also come to conclusion that unlike the earlier discussions about correcting budget deficit in Italy, current focus of supranational fiscal governance is shifted to preventing it, what challenges the economic sovereignty of Italy and country’s opportunities to conduct a discretionary fiscal policy.
ON THE ISSUE OF INTERACTION BETWEEN DEFENSE INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES AND ORGANIZATIONS OF THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Seregina Antonina A.
Published: December 2021

The process of diversification in the defense industry enterprises, besides ensuring the loading of high-tech equipment, first of all, calls for the technological independence of the country, capable of developing under conditions of instability in international relations. The aim of the study is to identify a successful large-scale experience of diversification in the international arena (using the example of the United States, China and Germany), and to formulate specific packages of measures and formats for overcoming stagnation in cooperation between the defense industry and the fuel and energy complex in the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the study assumes using a systemic and synergetic approach, which in general approximation boils down to enhancing the mutual beneficial effect of its elements. Also, when writing the article, the author applied a quantitative analysis of statistical data, historical and descriptive methods, a comparative method. As the main result, he proposed the formats of interaction between the military and industrial complex and fuel and energy complex, aimed at more efficient use of the potential of the defense industry to meet the needs of organizations in the fuel and energy complex, increasing the volume of output of products at the defense industry enterprises and expanding its range. More active interaction of the defense industry works with organizations of the fuel and energy complex will allow them in the near future to set up producing the new types of civilian products and technologies, and fuel and energy companies to obtain competitive high-tech products.
EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF WORKING CONDITIONS AND SAFETY PROGRAMS
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Umnov Vitalii A. , Korobova Ol’ga S. ,   RUDN University, Mikhina Tat’yana V. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of labor of the Ministry of Labor
Published: December 2021

The efficiency assessment of the improvement in working conditions and safety programs of mining regions was done by taking into account the quality of studying the program document in terms of its compliance with the recommendations of the Standard Program, the comprehensiveness of coverage and the correct planning of the target indicators, financial support for program activities and the implementation of the program document. In the ranking of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of the effectiveness of those programs, the top ten constituent entities of the Russian Federation that most successfully implement the program-targeted administration method in the field of labor protection on their territory include Amur and Kemerovo regions from coal mining regions; the top ten outsiders are the republics of Komi and Buryatia, the Sverdlovsk, Sakhalin regions and the Chukotka Autonomous Region. The greatest successes in comparison with 2017 were achieved in reducing economic losses and costs associated with the loss of working time due to industrial accidents and employment in harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions. In 2017, an increase in losses was observed in every second coal-mining region, while in 2018 – just in five (Republic Tyva, Irkutsk, Sakhalin Oblasts, Jewish Autonomous Oblast and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug).
Manual de refrigerios saludables para escolares
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Porta Lezama Miroslava , Bustamante Mar Elizabeth , López Pastrana Nathiella , Pacheco	Durán Sandra
Published: December 2021

Entre los 6 y 12 años de edad las necesidades alimentarias del niño y de la niña se incrementan debido a que continúa creciendo al mismo tiempo que aumenta su actividad física, motivos por los cuales cobra importancia tanto la calidad como la cantidad de lo que comen. A pesar de ello, no requieren una alimentación especial y simplemente adaptarse a la dieta familiar con todas las características de una alimentación correcta. El desayuno adecuado y suficiente es muy necesario, debido a que un niño o niña con hambre tiene dificultad para concentrarse, tiende a ser lento, a desarrollar menor actividad física y su crecimiento se puede ver afectado. El niño o niña debe tener tiempo suficiente para ingerir sin prisa sus alimentos, disfrutarlos y realizar una buena masticación. Los refrigerios (colaciones, tentempiés, entre comidas o lunch), tanto matutinos como vespertinos, son importantes para la nutrición y el desempeño de los escolares, pues en el tiempo que transcurre entre el desayuno y la comida, o entre la comida y la cena, necesita energía para el desarrollo de sus actividades físicas y mentales.
Salud, sociedad y vejez: estudios multidisciplinario
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, López Romero David , Pimentel Pérez Bertha Maribel , Iglesias Hermenegildo Antonia , Islas Granillo Horacio , Dorantes Peña Horacio
Published: December 2021

Esta obra es el resultado de un trabajo conjunto del grupo de investigación “Envejecimiento y calidad de vida”. Ha sido generado a través del Seminario Permanente de Estudios sobre la Vejez y de las ponencias derivadas del Simposio Salud, Sociedad y Vejez del Área Académica de Gerontología. Contiene trabajos que representan un enfoque multidisciplinario sobre el viejo, la vejez y el envejecimiento, formas teóricas complejas que determinan un derrotero a la vez académico y científico que conjuntan los infinitos intereses académicos ante una sociedad que envejece de manera acelerada y que en algunos casos no se ha percatado del proceso que se transforma en fenómeno. El texto en sí es una invitación al estudiante, al profesor, al investigador para reconocer lo hecho y lo pendiente. Es sin duda una nueva perspectiva que reúne en forma simple, pero bien elaborada, las diversas áreas de formación para aterrizar en un área específica del conocimiento. Ofrecido de manera breve y precisa, pero con una forma discursiva que construye y propone la nueva discusión los retos que están pendientes y a los que se les comienza a prestar atención la presente obra permite acercarse a la comprensión del estudio y los objetivos de la Gerontología.
Using Spatial Analysis of Hydrocarbon Compositions to Better Understand the Petroleum Systems of the South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia
Authors: Livsey A. R.
Published: December 2021

The South Sumatra Basin has been a focus for hydrocarbon exploration since the earliest oil discoveries in the late 1890s. Despite production of over 2500MMbbls of oil and 9.5TCF of gas our regional understanding of the basin’s petroleum systems is still evolving. Most discoveries occur along a series of Late Neogene NNW-SSE elongated anticlines. The most prolific reservoirs are fluvial – shallow marine sandstones of the Upper Oligocene – Lower Miocene Talang Akar Formation but hydrocarbons have also been discovered in numerous sandstone and carbonate reservoirs ranging in age from Middle – Late Miocene to Eocene. Pre-Tertiary fractured Basement reservoirs are also important gas producers. A geochemical database for produced, tested and seep oils and gases has been compiled from the analytical reports, produced by different service companies over a 40-year period, to understand the spatial distribution of hydrocarbon types and relate this to source type, source maturity and migration patterns. Integration with published palaeoenvironmental reconstructions for the time intervals associated with source rock deposition has enabled a better understanding of migration directions and migration limits. The database of over 100 oils and 40 gases has revealed a wider variation in geochemical character than previously thought, indicating the presence of numerous fluvio-deltaic and lacustrine types suggesting subtle variations in the character of the effective source rocks within the basin, related to both organic matter type and depositional environment. Seven major oil families, often with several sub-groups, have been identified, while the presence of both biogenic and thermogenic gases of varying maturities are also noted. Spatial analysis of these hydrocarbons, integrated with source rock indications, palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and structural maps have allowed definition of kitchen areas and drainage areas for these hydrocarbon accumulations and a better understanding of the charge risk and likely hydrocarbon type in undrilled areas.
Trilogy Of Southeast Sundaland Terranes: Re-Uniting Drifted Terranes of Southeast Sundaland Using Common Marker ff The Late Cretaceous Volcanics to Volcanic-Clastics of The Meratus Mountains, South Sulawesi, And Sumba - Implications For Petroleum Opportunities
Authors: Satyana A. H.
Published: December 2021

Amalgamation and dispersion of terranes characterized the growth and slivering of Southeast Sundaland into the present configuration of central Indonesia. Amalgamation of the Paternoster-West Sulawesi terrane which docked, in mid-Cretaceous time, onto the Southwest Borneo terrane, thus closed the Meso-Tethys Ocean at the Meratus suture. This made Sundaland expand its area to the east and southeast. In the Late Cretaceous time, the Ceno-Tethys oceanic plate subducted beneath Southeast Sundaland, giving rise to coeval volcanism in the Meratus Mountains and the surrounding areas. Dispersion of some terranes in Southeast Sundaland occurred in the Paleogene through successive rifting and the opening of the Makassar Straits and the Flores Sea, with an eastern drift of South Sulawesi and Sumba away from Southeast Kalimantan to their present positions. Prior to the dispersion, the Meratus Mountains, South Sulawesi, and Sumba (called here the Trilogy of Southeast Sundaland) were united or adjacent to each other and underwent similar Late Cretaceous volcanism. The Late Cretaceous Volcanics and/or Volcanic-Clastics are therefore the common marker of their union. Our field studies in 2018-2019 at Sumba, South Sulawesi, and the Meratus Mountains (South Kalimantan) in the program, called the “Trilogy of Southeast Sundaland Terranes,” sampled the Late Cretaceous volcanics/ volcanic-clastics in these areas to prove that they were once united. Petrographic, petrochemical, isotopic, and geochronological data of the rock formations, based on the recent and previous analyses, show that these rocks, in the three terranes, are co-genetic spatially and temporally thus indicating their previous unity. The paired Paleogene dispersions of South Sulawesi from South Kalimantan, and successively Sumba from South Sulawesi, had resulted in rifted structures in the present Makassar Straits, the Flores Sea, and offshore Sumba. The rifted structures contain source rocks, reservoirs, seals, and structural-stratigraphic traps. Oil has been discovered therein, so further exploration is required since these objectives have not been sufficiently explored in the past and are thus still interesting.
Representation and the Need for Asian American Graphic Novels in Today’s Classrooms
Authors: Kim Jung
Published: December 2021

While the #StopAsianHate movement is new, Asian Americans have long been excluded and marginalized in and out of the classroom. This article argues for the need and importance of Asian Americans in school curriculum. One powerful way of including more Asian American voices and history is through the teaching of Asian American graphic novels.
Struktur, Perilaku dan Kinerja Pemasaran Ikan Cakalang di Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan
Authors: Yamin Fauji , Fariyanti Anna , Jahroh Siti
Published: December 2021

Skipjack tuna is the result of the main capture fisheries in the South Halmahera district which experienced significant growth of 4,2 percent during the 2016-2018 period, but increased production experienced constraints in the marketing system and caused income uncertainty for fishermen and traders. The purpose of this study was to determine the marketing system of skipjack tuna in the South Halmahera Regency using a structural, behavioural, and performance (SCP) approach. The sampling method uses snowball sampling which started with 68 fishermen. The results showed that the market structure formed was an oligopsonistic market structure and there was a barrier to market entry of 14 percent. Meanwhile, market behaviour shows that fishermen only act as price takers. Based on the marketing margin analysis, there are 10 (ten) skipjack fish marketing channels. Judging from the value of large skipjack fish, marketing channel 7 has the highest margin value of 70,4 percent and the lowest is channel 8 of 53,9 percent. Meanwhile, the marketing channel of small fish the highest margin value is marketing channel 9 of 73,9 and the lowest is channel 9 of 65,1 percent. While the value of farmer share, channel 1 has the highest value of 70 percent and the lowest is channel 7 of 36 percent. Overall, skipjack tuna marketing channels have not been efficient.
Analisis Keberlanjutan Usahatani Perkebunan Kelapa Rakyat Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir
Authors: Rasihen Yogy , Kilat Adhi Andriyono , Suprehatin Suprehatin
Published: December 2021

Coconut plantation is one of the strategic commodities in the national economy and community welfare. The problems related to smallholding coconut farmers, namely the reduction in area and coconut production every year. Research needs to be conducted to determine the sustainability status of smallholings’ coconut farmer plantations through the MDS method bin Indragiri Hilir Regency. Data were collected from 45 respondents in each sub-district, namely Indragiri Hilir Regency, namely Enok, Keritang, Mandah, and Pulau Burung Districts, and analyzed with the Multidimensional Scalling (MDS) method covering economic, environmental and socio-cultural dimensions. Primary data were obtained from direct interviews with farmer respondents and several experts who concentrated on the coconut which were selected purposively, secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency, Agriculture and Plantation Service, and other kinds of literature that support this research. The results of the ordination Rap-technique on the MDS method showed that the index value of the sustainability of the smallholder coconut plantations in Indragiri Hilir Regency ranged from 25,01 to 50,00 which was categorized as less sustainable. In particular, the sustainability index is 48.01, 33,76, and 28,06 for the economy, ecology and socio-culture, respectively. The sustainability of smallholdings’ coconut plantation farming in each dimension has a different sustainability index, the different sustainability index indicates a need for different policies to improve the sustainability status of smallholder coconut plantations in Indragiri Hilir Regency.
Komparasi Pendapatan Usahatani Bawang Merah Berdasarkan Sumber Pembiayaan di Kabupaten Nganjuk
Authors: Farianto Aris , Karyani Tuti , Trimo Lucyana
Published: December 2021

Shallots in Indonesian society as a complement to spices in cooking, are also needed as raw material for the fried onion industry and have many benefits of high economic value. Shallot consumption has risen year after year, resulting in a rise in shallot commodity development. The scale of onion farming variety from small to large scale; it demands a significant amount of capital gets started. One of the most essential aspects of initiatives to promote a shallot commodity, which is intended to boost farmers' income, is the availability of funding. The purpose of this study was to determine the income between shallot farmers who access credit to formal and informal financial institutions. The research was conducted in Nganjuk Regency because it is one of the centres of shallots in East Java Province. The analysis in this research is analyzing farm income and examining the differences between farms that have access to formal and informal. The results showed that the income of shallot farming in Nganjuk Regency was very profitable and there was a difference between the income of shallot farming who accessed formal and informal financial institutions.
Thymidine Kinase 1: Making Its Mark In Immunotherapy
Authors: Mortimer Toni O. , Morris Rachel , Schekall Abigail , Barlow Kai , O’Neill Kim L.
Published: December 2021

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In the U.S. alone, almost 2 million people will be diagnosed with cancer each year and just over a quarter of those diagnosed will pass away from the disease. Skin cancers are the most common forms of cancer. Early detection of cancer and cancer biomarkers enables clearer understanding of cancer progression in a patient and more effective treatments in response to the disease. Clinically relevant biomarkers are not only tools for early diagnosis of cancer but may also prove useful as immune targets for various immunotherapies, such as monoclonal antibody-based therapy and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. This review provides a brief overview of the rescue pathway enzyme thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) and its history and biology, as well as discusses its role as a biomarker and potential immune target.
Seropositivity rate of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus among Iraqi dromedary Arabic camels
Authors: Al-Ajeeli Karim S. Ali
Published: December 2021

This study was conducted to determine the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus infection rate among Iraqi dromedary camels and to explore its risk factor. A total of 167 blood samples were collected, ninety of them were selected randomly and included in the study from 50 males (55.6%) and 40 females (44.4%). The age range was 1-15 years. Samples were collected from Al Najaf-slaughter house. Sera were separated and tested for the presence of anti-MERS-CoV IgG using the recombivirus Camel anti-MERS-CoV spike protein S1 domain (MERS-S1) IgG ELISA kit. The results revealed that 81(90.0%) of camels included in this study were positive for anti-MERS-CoV IgG, with 95% confidence interval for the prevalence rate (82.5-94.9). Additionally, the Inter-quartile range of anti-MERS-CoV IgG titer was (5-19.7) and a mean rank of 99.8 U/ml. The highest positivity rate was among camels 10-15 years old with statistically insignificant difference (P= 0.88). Similarly, the anti-MERS-CoV IgG Ab titer was insignificantly higher in the same age group (P= 0.79). The anti- MERS-CoV IgG positivity rate was equally distributed among female and male camels (90.0%), so the difference was statistically insignificant (P=1). While the mean, median and Inter-quartile range of anti-MERSCoV-IgG titer was insignificantly higher among males compared to females (P=0.57). In conclusion, the majority of Iraqi camels are infected by MERS-CoV. Further studies are urgently needed to explore the ability of Iraqi camels to transmit the virus to human population.
Epidemiological study of thermophlic Campylobacter isolated from diarrheic and non diarrheic cows in Baghdad governorate
Authors: Hasso Saleem Amin
Published: December 2021

The study achieved isolating Campylobacter spp from  diarrheic and non-diarrheic  cows  and studying the percentage of diarrhea in 10 areas in Baghdad governorate (AL Shaeluh, Abou Ghurayb , Khadmyia , Sadar city , Suwyria, Mahmudyia, Latifyia , Alridwaniuh, Hur Rajb  and Yousfyia), One thousand fecal  samples were cultured on different selective culture media specific for Campylobacter spp  ,and different biochemical tests  were used (oxidase reaction, Oxoid biochemical identification system campy, Tripple Sugar Iron ( TSI)  , hippurate hydrolysis and the use of Vietik (NH). Eighty isolates of  Campylobacter spp were recorded ( 8% ).Campylobacter spp isolates included C. jejuni 30(3%)  C. coli 30(3%) and C.lari 20(2%). High percentage of diarrhea  was recorded in Hur rajb and Abou Ghurayb 70(82.35%) , 81 (81.81 %) respectively while lower percentage of diarrhea  was in Mahmudyia and Yousfyia in percentage 43(39.09%).50(46.72%), High  percentage of campylobacter  isolates was recorded in AL shaeluh  15 (18.75%)  , while lower percentage of isolates was recorded in Hur rajb and Yousfyia 5(6.25%), 4(5%) respectively .  Age  group one day to one month  gave the highest  isolation rate  50 %(40) while lowest isolation rate in age group(6 months to 1year) 5% ( 4)   under (P ˂0.0001)  level. The highest  isolation rates were  recorded in Summer 2016(19.16%) and Summer 2017 (24.32%) while the lowest isolation rates  was recorded  in Winter (0.8%). Animals infected with C. jejuni and C coli , showed obvious clinical signs including  depression, loss of appetite and inability to feed newborn calves, they suffered from severe diarrhea and dehydration,  and the presence of blood and  thick mucus , high fever were observed in some animals, while  in animals infected with C.lari  the  clinical signs,  were mostly  within normal  limits  .It can be concluded that two species of campylobacter( C.coli and.C. Lari) isolated from diarriheic cows,are  new species added to the two species of campylobacter (C. fetus and C.Jejuni) previously isolated from cows in Iraq and increasing the total campylobacter species confirmed in Iraq to four spp.
Surface Water Quality Assessment of Panchagnaga River and Development of DO-BOD Relationship Using Empirical Approach
Authors: Yakkerimath Shilpa , Divekar Sanjaykumar , Patil Chidanand , A Amruth , Bekal Purandara
Published: December 2021

Surface water samples were collected from selected locations along river Panchaganga, from Kolhapur to Narsobawadi during April 2019. Physicochemical parameters were determined in the laboratory and chemical mass balance approach was adopted to estimate the individual ionic loads in the river water. Streeter-Phelps equation was applied to derive a relationship between DO and BOD5. Model parameters such as De-oxygenation Rate (Kd) and Re-aeration Rates (Kr ) were optimized using different empirical methods. The result of chemical mass balance showed an increase in the loading of various ions from upstream to downstream which could be attributed to agricultural and industrial wastes that enter the main stream. De-oxygenation rate and re-aeration constants were calculated using various empirical methods. DO sag curve was developed using Streeter Phelp’s model and compared with the observed parameters which showed a significant correlation. DO-BOD concentration observed along the course of the river indicated that the self-purification capacity of the river is high due to which the river regains the lost DO level at a distance less than 50 meters.
Millainen on tulevaisuuden ilmastokestävä kaupunki?
Authors: Peltomaa Juha
Published: December 2021

Kunnilla ja kaupungeilla on merkittävä rooli ilmastonmuutoksen hillinnässä ja siihen sopeutumisessa. Etenkin suomalaisessa ja pohjoismaisessa kontekstissa kuntien päätäntävallassa on monenlaisia ilmastopäästöihin ja ylipäänsä kestävyystavoitteiden saavuttamiseen vaikuttavia asioita (Terämä ym. 2019). Monet näistä liittyvät kaavoitukseen ja sen kerrannais- ja heijastusvaikutuksiin.
Kunnat ja kaupungit ottavatkin ilmastotavoitteet tosissaan. Monella paikkakunnalla on asetettu kansallisia ilmastotavoitteita kunnianhimoisempia tavoitteita (Karhinen ym. 2021). Päästötavoite on näennäisen yksinkertainen määritellä: valitaan vuosi ja päästöjen leikkaustavoite. Kuntatasoisten päästöjen seuraamiseenkin on melko hyviä mittareita ja työkaluja (Lounasheimo ym. 2020). Mittaristot kertovat kuitenkin vain menneestä ja nykyisyydestä. Paljon vaikeampaa on arvioida millaiset polut näihin tulevaisuuden tavoitteisiin johtavat ja mitä muita vaikutuksia matkan varrelle mahtuu. Mitä voisi siis käytännössä tarkoittaa ilmastokestävä tulevaisuuden kaupunki? Onko ilmastokestävä kaupunki tiivis vai hajautetumpi ja miten tämä tiiviys määritellään? Miten kaupungin toiminnot ovat järjestyneet? Entä haluavatko ihmiset asua tällaisissa kaupungeissa ja millaista hyvinvointia se tuottaa? Millaisia luontovaikutuksia esimerkiksi erilaisilla yhdyskuntarakenteilla on?
Kuten huomaamme, kysymys jäsentyy moneen suuntaan ja kokonaiskestävyyden kannalta ratkaisujen osaoptimoinnilla ei päästä kovin pitkälle. Saadaksemme näkemyksiä joihinkin näistä kysymyksistä, päätimme käydä ryhmäkeskustelukierroksen aiheen parissa työskentelevien Suomen ympäristökeskuksen (SYKE) asiantuntijoiden parissa. Katsauksessa painottuvat keskusteluun osallistuneiden taustan myötä erityisesti ympäristökestävyys, mutta pyrkimyksenä oli tarkastella kestävyyttä kokonaisvaltaisesti. Katsauksen yhtenä pontimena on ollut myös erilaisten sidosryhmien kanssa käydyt keskustelut, joissa usein kaivataan jonkinlaista kokonaisnäkemystä yhdyskuntasuunnittelun ilmastokestävyyteen.
Pääasiassa sähköpostitse käytyihin keskusteluihin ja näkemysten yhteiskehittämiseen osallistui kevään 2021 aikana 16 SYKEn asiantuntijaa viidestä eri keskuksesta tai ohjelmasta. Tässä katsauksessa esitetty näkemys tulevaisuuden ilmastokestävästä kaupungista perustuu siis sekä tutkittuun tietoon että SYKEn asiantuntijoiden pitkäaikaiseen yhteistyöhön erilaisten kaupunkitoimijoiden kanssa. Katsaus pyrkii olemaan myös tietoisesti jossain määrin normatiivinen. Se hahmottelee joitain suuntaviivoja siihen, millainen tulevaisuuden ilmastokestävä kaupunki voisi olla ja miten siihen päästäisiin. Erityistä huomiota katsauksessa kiinnitetään kaupunkirakenteen tiiviyteen ja siihen liittyviin vaikutuksiin.
Osservazioni in margine a Pind. Pyth. 3.34-37
Authors: Tosi Renzo
Published: December 2021

In Pind. Pyth. 3.34-37 ἕτερος does not mean ‘bad’ but has its usual oppositional sense. A parallel with Solon frames these two authors in the same aristocratic tradition.
Una storia della musica e della lirica greca dalle origini al IV secolo a.C. nelDe musicaattribuito a Plutarco
Authors: Gostoli Antonietta
Published: December 2021

Ps. Plutarch’sDe musicais an important source for reconstructing the history of ancient Greek music and lyric poetry. It is sharply divided in two parts: the first one is the history of music and lyric poetry, from their mythical origins to the IV century BC; the second one is about the ethical and social function of musical education. The discussion of the first part is about the metrical and rhythmical structure of the pre-Homeric citharodic epic compared to verses of Stesichorus and Terpander;kitharōidikoiandaulōidikoi nomoi, Phrygian origin ofaulōidia, musical schools in Sparta in relation to the poetic genres definition. Heraclides of Pontus provides the material for Chapters 3-12 (the main exception being Chapter 11, which is explicity credited to Aristoxenus). He indicates theAnagraphe en Sikyonias his source about Amphion and the origin ofkitharōidia. But the history ofaulōidiais attributed to a different writer, Glaucus of Rhegium, who lived in the fifth century and is the earliest musical historian.
Il cerilo di Alcmane tra Aristofane, Antigono, Eufronio e Didimo
Authors: Benuzzi Federica
Published: December 2021

A detailed analysis of the scholiastic material relating to Ar. Av. 299-300 shows not only that the entire scholium is ascribable to the grammarian Didymus, but also that the ancient interpretation of the Aristophanic line implied several reception dynamics: firstly, the influence played on Euphronius’ dialectological exegesis by the allusion to Alcman’s poem on the bird named kērylos in ll. 250-252 of the Birds; secondly, the reuse of zoological writings and, possibly, of Callimachus’ Aitia in Didymus’ explanation of the pun on the ornithonym kērylos.
Paris’ μαχλοσύνη, a Mistranslated Aeschylean Fragment, and the Meanings of μάχλος (Hom. Il. 24.30, Aesch. fr. 325 Radt)
Authors: Cassio Albio
Published: December 2021

An Aeschylean fragment (325 Radt) in which a grapevine is called μάχλος is twice quoted by Eustathius of Thessalonica, who explains μάχλος as meaning ῥεομένη ‘flowing’,  in connection with lewdness (καταφέρεια) and specifically μαχλοσύνη ‘feminine sexual arousal’, hapax in Homer (Il. 24.30) but well attested afterwards. In modern times Aeschylean μάχλος has systematically been mistranslated, and the botanical background of ῥεομένη completely ignored. As a matter of fact, both the probable Indo-European etymology of μάχλος and Eustathius’ explanation point to an original meaning ‘wet’, which soon became specialised as a sexual term for vaginal wetness linked to sexual arousal (cf. German läufig). This means that μαχλοσύνη was more specific and disturbing than our ‘lasciviousness’ and helps explain the ancient attempts at getting rid of it at Iliad 24.30.
¿Matrimonio, adulterio o poliandria? El caso de la duquesa de Medina Sidonia doña Ana de Aragón a comienzos del siglo XVI
Authors: Elipe Jaime
Published: December 2021

A comienzos del siglo XVI la situación en el reino de Sevilla era profundamente turbulenta. Con el fin de solucionar los conflictos nobiliarios existentes y dotar a su nieta de un patrimonio acorde a su sangre, Fernando el Católico decidió casar a doña Ana de Aragón con los duques de Medina Sidonia. El matrimonio con el V duque don Juan Alonso tuvo lugar en 1515; por el severo retraso cognitivo del contrayente, este acabó teniéndose por inválido en algún momento incierto. Doña Ana, libre así, se casó con el que había sido su cuñado. Esto dio lugar a una serie de problemas por averiguar la validez de este segundo matrimonio. Las buenas relaciones con la familia imperial facilitaron el proceso que, sin duda, fue irregular. Así, se consigui ospechas de ilegitimidad que planeaban sobre la familia, plenamente justificadas.
Keywords Extraction on the Topic "Образование/Education"
Authors: Bashmakova Anastasiia Yurievna
Published: December 2021

The paper aims to identify the keywords features of the thematic field “Образование/Education” in the Russian and English languages. The article describes the stages of the automated parsing of the news articles from the websites of the educational online portals “EDU-Inform” and “Education Today Magazine” for corpus creation. The study also pays significant attention to the linguistic analysis of the extracted keywords. The scientific originality of the research consists in the interdisciplinary consideration of the issue of keywords studying and usage of computer programming instruments for the automated natural language text processing. As a result, the research presents the visualization of the thematic field “Образование/Education” for the Russian and English languages in the form of a word cloud.
Concept EXISTENCE in B. Grebenshchikov’s and Bob Dylan’s Poetic Works
Authors: Bondarenko Irina Viktorovna , Sakharova Natalia Gennadievna
Published: December 2021

The paper aims to prepare a lexical and stylistic profile of the concept EXISTENCE represented in the works of Russian and American poets through decoding the implicitly expressed existential ideas to identify the author’s preference and the figurative means of its expression in the poetic discourse. The scientific originality of the research lies in the fact that the study of the artistic concept EXISTENCE is carried out through its structure worked out by the authors and is based on the material of B. Grebenshchikov’s and B. Dylan’s poetry at the interface of comparative linguistics, the theory of language and existentialism. As a result, the obtained data prove the existential course of thinking of every author as a linguistic personality.
Specificity of Multiethnic Students’ Interaction with Artificial Educational Environment in Foreign Language Classes
Authors: Islamov Roman Sergeevich
Published: December 2021

The research objective includes revealing the specificity of multiethnic students’ interaction with artificial educational environment in a foreign language classroom. The article examines the notions “artificial intelligence (AI)”, “educational information and communication technologies (ICT)”, defines the essence of educational interaction, justifies the necessity to study multiethnic students’ interaction with artificial intelligence. The research methodology is based on modeling. Scientific originality of the paper involves developing a model representing the specificity of multiethnic students’ interaction with artificial educational environment. The findings are as follows: the author proposes a model of multiethnic students’ interaction with artificial educational environment in foreign language classes, reveals systemic factors of interaction, identifies dynamic processes influencing the interaction itself and its subjects.
Linguocultural Features of Concept SOUND: Objectification of Microconcept “Sounds Caused by Human Activity” by the Material of English Phraseological Units
Authors: Chibysheva Olga Anatolyevna , Osadchuk Natalia Vladimirovna
Published: December 2021

The paper aims to identify the features of phraseological representations of the microconcept “Sounds caused by human activity” of the concept SOUND. The study attempts to describe the researched element of the concept within the unity of notional, figurative and evaluative components, to reveal their cultural specificity. The scientific originality of the research lies in the fact that it considers the periphery of the concept SOUND objectified in phraseological units from the point of view of linguoculturology. As a result, it has been proved that phraseological units of the microconcept “Sounds caused by human activity” are characterized by cultural connotation, most clearly actualize the evaluative and figurative components of the concept and at the same time describe not only the sound but the person as its source.
Cultural-Historical Chronotope in D. I. Stakheyev’s Discourse
Authors: Pupysheva Evgeniya Leonidovna
Published: December 2021

The research objectives are as follows: to reveal the specificity of cultural-historical chronotope in D. I. Stakheyev’s discourse by the material of the travelling essay “Behind Baikal and on the Amur River”, to identify the appropriate linguistic means. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of D. I. Stakheyev’s chronotope with its basic component “road”. The road chronotope allows the narrator to create an accurate representation of the spatial-temporal events he witnessed. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that creative work of the distinctive XIX-century writer is for the first time analyzed from the viewpoint of representation of the Far Eastern cultures and economic events of the mentioned period. The research findings are as follows: the author reveals the structure and content of the cultural-historical chronotope taking into account the peculiarities of the travelling essay genre, identifies text fragments containing spatial-temporal information, singles out lexical expressive means (toponyms, dialectal words) contributing to historical colour formation.
Strategies and Tactics of Touristic Website Translation: Communicative-Functional Approach (by the Material of the Russian and English Languages)
Authors: Mamedov Said Zaurovich , Bolotin Yuri Evgenyevich
Published: December 2021

The paper aims to identify the translation strategies and tactics used to translate texts in the tourist industry, in particular, English and Russian touristic websites. The scientific originality of the research consists in the complex analysis of different translation strategies: communicatively equal, tertiary and redirection strategy, as well as translation tactics which aim to realize these strategies in terms of communicative-functional approach. As a result, it has been proved that the strategy of communicatively equal translation is most frequently used to translate texts in tourism industry, while in some cases the strategy of tertiary translation is also used.