bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioaccumulation, Enrichment and Translocation Factors of some Heavy Metals in Typha Angustifolia and Phragmites Australis Species Growing along Qalyasan Stream in Sulaimani City /IKR
Authors: Majid Salih , Khwakaram Ahmed , Mam-Rasul Ghafoor , Ahmed Zana
Published: July 2017

The current study was undertaken to evaluate the mobility, bioaccumulation and transfer of the

heavy metals; Cr, Mn, Cu, and Pb from the wastewater of Qalyasan stream to roots tissues and from

roots tissues to shoots tissues by means of bioaccumulation factor (BAF), enrichment factor (EF) and

translocation factor (TF) in the macrophytes species of T. angustifolia and P. australis at two sites. The

analyzed macrophytes plant species were sampled along the streambank of Qalyasan in Sulaimani city.

Qalyasan stream is used as a source for irrigation water and also as a sink for the untreated urban and

industrial domestic's wastewater effluents. Domestic and industrial discharges are probably the most

two main sources for heavy metal contamination in the water of the stream. Our results showed that

concentrations of the studied metals in the root and shoot tissues of the macrophyte species were much

higher than those in the samples of wastewater from Qalyasan stream. Bioaccumulation factor and

enrichment factor values in both species were above 1. High variation among the values was noticed, this

indicating that these plants could be considered as trace metals accumulators and both have potential

for phytostabilization and phytoextraction. The ranking order of bioaccumulation factor by T.

angustifolia for the studied heavy metals was Mn> Cu > Pb > Cr, while by P. australis was Mn> Cu > Cr> Pb.

Translocation factor values for Cr, Mn and Cu was higher than 1 by P. australis, whereas by T.

angustifolia the values only for Cr and Mn were greater than 1, this is evident that the uptake and

accumulation of these metals were higher in the shoot tissues rather than root tissues of the investigated

macrophyte species.
Clinico-demographic profile of HIV patients at ART centre of a tertiary care referral hospital in North India
Authors: Kumari Rashmi , Kumar Mritunjay , Mohapatra S. C.
Published: July 2017

Background: According to the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), HIV prevalence in India is 0.36% and people living with HIV are around 2.47 million. Although antiretroviral treatment (ART) does not cure HIV/AIDS, but effective ART regimens inhibit the efficient replication of the HIV virus, and reduce viremia to undetectable levels. Methods: HIV positive patients qualified to be enrolled in to the study were those who attended the infectious diseases clinic at least twice (one follow-up visit at least six months apart), between January 2009 to December 2011. The protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the IMS, BHU. History and detail of patients were recorded on a pre-designed performa which included the socio-demographic profile of the patients, mode of transmission, presenting symptoms, opportunistic infections and many others. Results: 5308 HIV positive patients were registered during three year of study period at the ART Centre of IMS, BHU. Of these 3379 (63.7%) were males and 1929 (36.3%) were females. Heterosexual mode of transmission was commonest in the study group and amounted to 70.5% of total HIV patients on ART. Pulmonary tuberculosis was most common opportunistic infection and was present in 1045(19.7%) of patients on ART. CD4 counts of the patients were significantly inversely correlated with the number of symptoms and the number of opportunistic infections. Conclusions: HIV infection is one of the major infectious diseases in this part of India, and being chronic and lifelong in nature, its impact is huge compared to other infectious diseases. People with high risk behavior and the spouse of the affected couple need to be educated for primary and secondary prevention of the disease.
A study of factors affecting the knowledge of Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram among health workers in rural block Shirur of Pune district, Maharashtra
Authors: Jadhav Yallapa U. , Surwade Jitendra B. , Kalyankar Ganesh
Published: July 2017

Background: Government of India launched the Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK) on 1st June 2011, a new national initiative, to make better health facilities for women and child. The scheme is estimated to benefit more than 12 million pregnant women who access govt. health facilities for their delivery. The objective was to study the factors affecting the knowledge of Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK) among health workers in rural block Shirur.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among health workers in field practice area of rural block Shirur which is the rural field practice area of B J Government Medical College, Pune. It consists of 9 primary health centers and total 43 subcenters. A pilot study was conducted before initiating the study and the proforma was tested. The data was collected during the weekly meeting at primary health center. All the health workers were given prior information regarding the day of interview. The information regarding the knowledge of JSKK was recorded on the pre-structured and pre-tested proforma was recorded. The detail information regarding of the health workers, duration of service, educational status and training of JSSK etc. was recorded. Results: About 34.64% health workers were having excellent knowledge whereas 46.53% of health workers were having adequate knowledge of JSSK. The age distribution of health workers according to knowledge showed no statistically significant association with knowledge. Among the female health workers majority were having excellent and adequate knowledge and difference observed in knowledge was statistically significant. Among the ANM only one was having poor knowledge of JSSK. Out of 16 LHV, 10 were having excellent knowledge. Majority of the health workers with less than 10 years of service were having excellent and adequate knowledge. Excellent and adequate knowledge was statistically significantly associated with the training status of the health workers. Conclusions: Female health workers (ANM and LHV) were having better knowledge as compared to other health workers. The training status of health worker has impact on their knowledge of JSSK.
TREATMENT OF DAIRY EFFLUENTS IN WETLANDS SYSTEMS WITH FLOATING AQUATIC MACROPHYTES
Authors: De Castro Guilherme Miola , Schwantes Daniel , Gonçalves Junior Affonso Celso , Richart Alfredo , Veiga Thaísa Gabriela , Rosenberger Andressa Giombelli
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia auriculata efficiency as bioremediation alternatives for wastewater from a dairy company in Toledo, Paraná. The experiment was performed between June and August of 2014, for 36 days in the greenhouse at PUCPR campus Toledo. It was used 750 liters of effluent from a dairy plant in Toledo-PR, arranged in three polyethylene reactors, operating intermittently (batch). The repetitions were performed according to the hydraulic retention time (HRT), every 4 days. It was evaluated 7 physicochemical parameters of the effluent (temperature, pH, turbidity, total solids, COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus). The results obtained during the experiment were satisfactory, it was observed the maximum efficiency of turbidity, total nitrogen, and COD of 94.4%, 90.26% and 82%, respectively, with E. crassipes and 91.7%, 75.65% and 82% respectively for S. auriculata. However, from the period between the day 16 and the day 20 of the experiment, it was observed increases in the level of the parameters because some plants got into the senescent process, returning to the environment half of all that were absorbed. This result suggests the necessity of removal plants in senescence, so the system can work properly. The aquatic macrophyte E. crassipes was better biorremediator for dairy effluents than S. auriculata, however, both of them can be widely used in the treatment of wastewater with high levels of organic matter and nutrients.
ÍNDICE DE QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA NA MICROBACIA DO RIO CAIÇÁ, NO PERÍMETRO URBANO DE SIMÃO DIAS/SE
Authors: Fontes Andreia Reis , Lucas Ariovaldo Antonio Tadeu , Carvalho Márcia Eliane Silva
Published: July 2017

Ao longo da história, as cidades que mais prosperaram economicamente e desenvolveram civilizações foram as que possuíam considerável disponibilidade de recursos hídricos e eram cercadas por importantes rios. No entanto, os dias atuais revelam que muitas vezes isto se transformou numa fonte inesgotável de problemas ambientais. Nessa perspectiva, a cidade de Simão Dias é um exemplo dessa realidade. O perímetro urbano simãodiense, inserido na microbacia do rio Caiçá, é responsável pelo lançamento de efluentes domésticos e pressões antrópicas no curso fluvial. Com base nisto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade hídrica no trecho urbano da referida microbacia. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa se baseou no Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewarter (APHA, 2005) e no Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA), no qual a somatória de nove parâmetros resultam na classificação dos aspectos qualitativos do recurso. Os resultados apontaram que as pressões antrópicas (urbanização, presença do matadouro público, que corresponde ao local de abate de animais, degradação da vegetação ciliar, uso inadequado do solo e despejo de afluentes domésticos), exercem influência negativa sobre o rio Caiçá, comprometendo a qualidade do corpo hídrico, representado pelo IQA, que classificou o recurso como ruim, evidenciando, portanto, a necessidade de ações efetivas no tocante à gestão hídrica em âmbito local.
Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Multikultural Untuk Meningkatkan Kompetensi Mahasiswa (Studi Pada Mahasiswa PGMI di IAIN Salatiga)
Authors: Rasimin Rasimin
Published: July 2017

Theoretically, multicultural education is a concept of education that provides equal opportunity regardless of gender, class, ethnic, racial, religious, and cultural background of learners. The learning model is carried out by stages: self-exploration studies, exploratory presentation, peer group analysis, expert opinion, and reflection. This study aims to improve the competence of mastery of IPS educational materials through multicultural learning model. The research findings show that the implementation of multicultural learning model can improve the competence of mastery of IPS Education materials for PGMI students at IAIN Salatiga. This is evidenced in the average class pre cycle activity of 60.25; Cycle I of 77.87 and in the second cycle of 82.22. Based on the analysis it is concluded that the implication of multicultural learning model can significantly improve student competence.
Estrategias didácticas en la enseñanza-aprendizaje: lúdica y retroalimentación en el estudio de Química conceptual en alumnos de la Escuela Preparatoria Regional de Atotonilco.
Authors: Ramos Eduardo Zaragoza , Souza Ronilson Freitas de , Díaz Díaz Sandra Luz , Espinoza Diógenes Hernández , Villalobos Díaz Rosa Marisela , Olmos Durán Luz Teresa , Orozco Ávila Edgar Eduardo , González Téllez Reginaldo , Villalobos Vázquez Carmen Gisela , Ocegueda Camacho Margarita Anahí
Published: July 2017

Este artigo descreve um começo ciclo de atividade em aprender Unidade de Química I. influência é avaliada dois fatores experimentais, lúdicas e retroalomentación ter sobre o desempenho acadêmico dos estudantes Escuela Preparatoria Regional de Atotonilco. O objetivo é projetar, implementar e avaliar uma estratégia de ensino e aprendizagem que atinge o aluno apropriar-se conceitos e termos que são abordadas nesta ciência. Propõe-se a buscar um pacote contendo uma leitura fragmentada. Depois de localizar a equipe pacote, eles são estruturados leitura e fazer um mapa conceitual a partir dele. Em seguida, o professor alimenta o conteúdo temático e, posteriormente, um questionário se aplica a cada indivíduo para avaliar o nível de realização do conteúdo temático. Os dados obtidos foram analisados num desenho experimental com dois factores, lúdico e feedback. Os resultados mostram que esses fatores aumentam o uso de conteúdo temática. Com estudantes brincalhões aumentou sua pontuação cerca de 30 pontos, enquanto um aumento de cerca de 15 pontos é alcançado quando o feedback é aplicado.
A autoadvocacia e a educação sociocomunitária: a pedagogia freireana como norte político de ação visando a efetivação dos direitos dos oprimidos (p. 235-242)
Authors: Freitas Jessica Aparecida Paulino
Published: July 2017

A resenha analisa uma obra cujo tema central é um estudo sobre a autoadvocacia, fundamentado na aplicação dessa prática com grupos de famílias de baixa renda “assistidos” por uma instituição filantrópica de matriz espírita, localizada na cidade de Campinas, no Estado São Paulo. Este estudo deu-se, metodologicamente, pela pesquisa qualitativa, na modalidade de observação participante, no período de agosto de 2011 a maio de 2012. O autor usou como base fundamental teórica a pedagogia libertadora de Paulo Freire e os princípios da educação sociocomunitária.Palavras-chave: Direito à igualdade. Justiça social e educação. Educação comunitária. Práxis pedagógica.AbstractThe review analyzes a work whose central theme is a study on self-contradiction, based on the application of this practice to groups of low income families “assisted” by a philanthropic institution with a spiritist base, located in the city of Campinas, São Paulo. This study was methodologically based on qualitative research, in the mode of participant observation, from August 2011 to May 2012. The author used Paulo Freire’s liberating pedagogy and the principles of Sociocommunication Education as a fundamental theoretical basis.Keywords: Right to equality. Social justice and education. Community education. Pedagogical praxis.ResumenLa resenha analiza una obra cuyo tema central es un estudio sobre la autoadvocacia, basado en la aplicación de esta práctica con grupos de familias de bajos ingresos “asistidos” por una sede de la caridad espiritualista situado en Campinas, Sao Paulo. Este estudio se llevó a cabo, metodológicamente, la investigación cualitativa, el modo de observación participante, de agosto de 2011 a mayo de 2012. El autor utiliza como base fundamental teórico para la liberación de la pedagogía de Paulo Freire y los principios de la educación socio-comunitaria.Palabras clave: Derecho a la igualdad. La justicia social y la educación. Educación de la comunidad. Praxis pedagógica.
CUARENTA AÑOS DE PRODUCCIÓN CIENTÍFICA EN CHILE: RADIOGRAFÍA DE LA REALIDAD INVESTIGATIVA EN EDUCACIÓN
Authors: Vega Alejandro , Cisterna Vanessa , Morales Camila
Published: July 2017

Se presenta un análisis cienciométrico, de corte longitudinal que considera los últimos cuarenta años de producción científica chilena en el área de investigación en educación. Se utilizó como fuente de información la base de datos ISI Web of Science, categoría de clasificación “Education & Educational Research”. Se cuantificó la contribución de los agentes educacionales chilenos a revistas de corriente principal. Los resultados son previamente enmarcados en el concierto mundial y latinoamericano, a fin de comparar la contribución de nuestro país respecto de la producción científica total. Se detallan tanto áreas temáticas investigadas, como número y perfil de los investigadores e instituciones que producen mayor conocimiento en ella. Los resultados muestran un crecimiento exponencial de dicha producción durante los últimos 10 años, y que ella, se concentra en 33 autores y 7 instituciones chilenas.
O DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO E A AMPLIAÇÃO DO ACESSO AO ENSINO MÉDIO: UMA ANÁLISE DAS PROPOSIÇÕES DO LEGISLATIVO FEDERAL (1996-2016)
Authors: Silva Monica Ribeiro , Silveira Débora Aparecida da
Published: July 2017

O artigo tem por objetivo investigar como a ampliação do direito à educação, no que tange especificamente ao Ensino Médio, tem sido tratado pelo Poder Legislativo Federal no Brasil após ter sido sancionada a LDB 9.394/96. Considerando os dispositivos constitucionais quanto aos deveres do Estado para com a educação, a pesquisa debruçou-se sobre as proposições (projetos de lei e outros) que tratam de programas suplementares que viabilizariam o acesso, permanência e conclusão na última etapa da Educação Básica: material didático, transporte, alimentação e assistência à saúde. A análise das proposições indica limites da atividade legislativa que comprometem a democratização da escola e a efetivação do Ensino Médio como Educação Básica, conforme determina a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação.
Those That Cause Fear by N. Christopher
Authors: Campbell Sandy
Published: July 2017

Christopher, Neil. Those That Cause Fear.  Inhabit Media, 2016.Neil Christopher, who has spent 16 years working to preserve Inuit traditional tales in the Eastern Arctic has, with the work of illustrator Germaine Arnaktauyok, created a field guide to scary creatures of the Arctic.  The book shows 20 creatures of whom we should be afraid.  Each creature is shown in a full page image created by Arnaktauyok, while the facing page presents Christopher’s description.  At the end of the book there is a pronunciation guide for the creatures’ names.  Arnaktauyok’s prints are simple designs in shades of browns and greens.  The images capture the essence of the stories.  For example, the image of the sleeping giant (p. 22) shows how a sleeping giant could be mistaken for a hill. The text is conversational, often addressing the reader as “you."  Many of the descriptions open with a question to engage the reader or ask the reader to imagine something.  “Have you ever imagined seeing a giant?  Do you think you would be scared?”  Often the stories contain bits of the traditional knowledge that allowed the Inuit to survive over the millennia.  For example, the Kajjait, we are told are the hungry spirits of animals that have been killed and the meat “not used properly” or “allowed to spoil."  The spirits look like gaunt wolves.  They roam the tundra, eating anything they can find, but in spite of that are constantly starving.  The lesson that hunters must use the animals that they kill is clear.While the book is aimed at an upper elementary audience, the content will be valuable to anyone who wants to know about these scary creatures.Inhabit Media has produced a number of books dedicated to individual scary creatures, such as the Qallupilluk and the Amautalik, but this is the first extensive collection.  Highly recommended for school and public libraries.Highly recommended:  4 stars out of 4 Reviewer:  Sandy CampbellSandy is a Health Sciences Librarian at the University of Alberta, who has written hundreds of book reviews across many disciplines.  Sandy thinks that sharing books with children is one of the greatest gifts anyone can give.
Counting With Barefoot Critters by T. White
Authors: Aitken Leslie
Published: July 2017

White, Teagan.  Counting With Barefoot Critters. Tundra Books, 2016.White’s counting book for young children begins with a good concept: make them want to turn the page.  She accomplishes this by leaving a rhyme unfinished for want of a number that the listener must volunteer.  This is a clever technique and will, undoubtedly, produce engagement.  Unfortunately, White is not an effective poet; the rhymed couplets comprising her stanzas fail to exploit the power of verse for children.English is a language with stressed syllables.  Rhythm, the arrangement of non-stressed and stressed syllables within a poetic “foot”, can draw attention to key words and concepts.  It can also facilitate memory.  For early readers, it can be a key to pronunciation.  Combined with witty and inventive language, rhythm creates humor and/or suspense. (Theodore Geisel, “Dr. Seuss,” set the bar quite high in this regard.)  Rhythm and foot in poetry can contribute to a child’s understanding of beat and measure in music, inviting a physical response.  Too often, the couplets in White’s work sound rhythmically forced, as in this example-- which, incidentally, also fails as a pronunciation guide:            “Surely we’ve earned a nice, peaceful rest            Now that we’ve finished our daring conquest.”   (Eight, [p.15])Flaws such as this weaken what could have been a superb book.   White’s colored drawings are enchanting.  They are detailed enough to invite the joy of discovery, but not so cluttered as to confuse.  Her “Barefoot Critters” are adorable.  The map that introduces their adventures is easily followed by the intended audience and is another clever way of inviting children to learn a number sequence.  None-the- less, literary quality and artistic excellence should go hand-in-hand in books for children.  Counting With Barefoot Critters has much of the second, and not quite enough of the first.Recommended: 3 of 4 starsReviewer: Leslie AitkenLeslie Aitken’s long career in librarianship involved selection of children’s literature for school, public, special, and university collections.  She is a former Curriculum Librarian at the University of Alberta.
Women in Science: 50 Fearless Pioneers Who Changed the World by R. Ignotofsky
Authors: Pearce Hanne
Published: July 2017

Ignotofsky, Rachel. Women in Science: 50 Fearless Pioneers Who Changed the World. 10 Speed Press, 2016.“It’s a Scientific Fact: Women rock!” This is the statement on the back cover of Rachel Ignotofsky’s fabulous book about women in science. This illustrated hardcover book surveys 50 women scientists’ achievements and biographies in bold style. The book includes women scientists ranging from agriculture, mathematics, chemistry, geology all the way to particle physics and astronomy. Each scientist has been allotted a two-page spread with a full-page biography, that is illustrated with bright and colourful drawings relevant to their discoveries and areas of research. Dispersed between the biographies are info-graphic sections that showcase scientific implements, a glossary, and even statistics about women in STEM.I was immediately drawn to this book by the colourful illustrations (also drawn by Ignotofsky) on both the cover and interlaced throughout the glossy pages of this book. The biographies strike an excellent balance between detail and brevity. I thoroughly enjoyed reading about the many women scientists I had never learned about before, like Hypatia, a mathematician who lived in Alexandria, Egypt in 350 CE, Emmy Noether who worked for Einstein’s team on the theory of relativity, Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin who discovered the sun was comprised of Hydrogen and Helium and Rosalind Franklin who discovered the DNA double helix. This book left me with an overwhelming sense of the remarkable discoveries by women in science.Women in Science can be enjoyed all ages of readers, including adults. Older readers will enjoy the facts and information within the biographies, while younger readers can read the many illustrations. This book would be especially great to share with young girls, to inspire curiosity and interest in the sciences, and to show that they can follow in the footsteps of many great women scientists. Highly recommended.Highly recommended: 4 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Hanne PearceHanne Pearce has worked at the University of Alberta Libraries since 2004. She holds a BA and MLIS and is currently working towards her Master of Arts in Communications and Technology. Her research interests include: visual communication, digital literacy, information literacy and the intersections between communication work and information work. She is also a freelance photographer and graphic designer.
As A Boy by Plan International
Authors: Aitken Leslie
Published: July 2017

Plan International.  As A Boy.  Second Story Press, 2016.Plan International is a charity that attempts to end world poverty.  It also raises humanitarian concerns through its publications; this one is, seemingly, for children.  In it, both gender roles and educational expectations in impoverished countries are explored.  Vivid and realistic photographs accompany the text. Preceded by the statement, “…I will be told…to fight, to be brave,” we see a photograph of a boy with a crude toy rifle perched on his shoulder.  The image evokes the child soldier.  In further photographs, we see both genders at work: boys dragging huge bundles of sticks across the floor of a primitive factory; girls hauling smaller but similar bundles on their backs.  Clearly, all of these children are disadvantaged.   Having depicted this reality, As A Boy then launches its primary message: because they have the privilege of schooling, boys are luckier than girls.  Boys, therefore, must stand up for the right of girls to learn. The message raises a significant question: who is the intended reader?The text could easily be handled by a child reading at the grade two or three level but, surely, one does not enjoin a seven or eight year old child to “stand up” for everyone’s right to an education in defiance of a cultural norm that is centuries old.  To whom can a child safely show his defiance?  His father? His teacher? The school board? The religious authorities of his community?Clearly, the fight for gender equality has to be led by enlightened adults.  They might well be fathers, teachers, religious leaders, and brave, determined women.  Most significantly, the leaders must be “insiders,” members of the very community that is struggling toward change.  Certainly, in the hands of such “insiders,” As A Boy could be an effective communication tool.  Presented by “outsiders,” however, its appeal to little boys to take a stand against tradition could be deeply resented, even seen as an attempt to lead a “Children’s Crusade.”Recommended with Reservations: 2 out of 4 starsReviewer:  Leslie Aitken                                                                                                  Leslie Aitken’s long career in librarianship involved selection of children’s literature for school, public, special, and university libraries.  She is a former Curriculum Librarian for the University of Alberta.
Evolução histórica e filosófica do conceito de nível de base fluvial
Authors: Lana Cláudio Eduardo , Castro Paulo de Tarso Amorim
Published: July 2017

Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica acerca da evolução do conceito de nível de base fluvial. A literatura especializada mostra que, ao longo de sua existência, o Homem tem estabelecido uma relação direta com os patamares morfológicos desenvolvidos às margens dos rios. Com isso, uma série de concepções a respeito do significado dos mesmos se com o com o tempo, cada uma delas traduzindo o padrão filosófico de sua época e a consequente capacidade humana de percepção dos fenômenos naturais. O trabalho é dividido em duas partes principais: a primeira sintetiza as etapas da evolução histórica e filosófica do conceito de nível de base, enquanto a segunda se dedica aos diferentes significados que são atribuídos ao termo e à discussão da aplicabilidade de cada um deles.
Relação pessoa-ambiente: caminhos para uma vida sustentável
Authors: Ferrari Justulin Zacarias Elisa , Gasparetto Higuchi Maria Inês
Published: July 2017

A ideia do comportamento sustentável emerge diante de um cenário de crise ambiental como uma possível solução em busca da reversão desse quadro. Entretanto há dificuldades em efetivar esse novo modo de pensar e agir, uma vez que o comportamento humano é alimentado por uma matriz complexa de filtros. Por essa razão, compreender a relação pessoa-ambiente pode fornecer instrumentos para superar esse impasse.
Perfil e atuação do agente comunitário de saúde no contexto da Estratégia Saúde da Família em dois municípios da Paraíba
Authors: Pedraza Dixis Figueroa , Santos Iná
Published: July 2017

Objetivou-se descrever o perfil e a realidade de trabalho do Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS) em dois municípios da Paraíba. Estudo transversal com 98 ACS. A maioria dos ACS desenvolvia as atividades estabelecidas para a profissão e trabalho burocrático. Agentes do município com menor dedicação à burocracia referiram maior atuação em mobilização comunitária e orientações sobre a saúde da criança. O desempenho do ACS pode ser prejudicado pelo envolvimento com tarefas burocráticas.
Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico como política pública para o Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Neves Thiago de Andrade , Sauer Leandro
Published: July 2017

Este trabalho objetivou apresentar a Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente no âmbito de seu Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico, apontando a legislação pertinente, a sua metodologia, caracterizando-o como uma Política Pública no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul.
Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective
Authors: Pfiffner O. Adrian
Published: July 2017

This paper gives an overview of the large-scale tectonic styles encountered in orogens worldwide. Thin-skinned and thick-skinned tectonics represent two end member styles recognized in mountain ranges. Both styles are encountered in former passive margins of continental plates. Thick-skinned style including the entire crust and possibly the lithospheric mantle are associated with intracontinental contraction. Delamination of subducting continental crust and horizontal protrusion of upper plate crust into the opening gap occurs in the terminal stage of continent-continent collision. Continental crust thinned prior to contraction is likely to develop relatively thin thrust sheets of crystalline basement. A true thin-skinned type requires a detachment layer of sufficient thickness. Thickness of the décollement layer as well as the mechanical contrast between décollement layer and detached cover control the style of folding and thrusting within the detached cover units. In subduction-related orogens, thin- and thick-skinned deformation may occur several hundreds of kilometers from the plate contact zone. Basin inversion resulting from horizontal contraction may lead to the formation of basement uplifts by the combined reactivation of pre-existing normal faults and initiation of new reverse faults. In most orogens thick-skinned and thin-skinned structures both occur and evolve with a pattern where nappe stacking propagates outward and downward
The Stem Cell Division Theory of Cancer
Authors: López-Lázaro Miguel
Published: July 2017

All cancer registries constantly show striking differences in cancer incidence by age and among tissues. For example, lung cancer is diagnosed hundreds of times more often at age 70 than at age 20, and this cancer in nonsmokers occurs thousands of times more frequently than heart cancer in smokers. An analysis of these differences using basic concepts in cell biology indicates that cancer is the end-result of the accumulation of cell divisions in stem cells. In other words, the main determinant of carcinogenesis is the number of cell divisions that the DNA of a stem cell has accumulated in any type of cell from the zygote. Cell division, process by which a cell copies and separates its cellular components to finally split into two cells, is necessary to produce the large number of cells required for living. However, cell division can lead to a variety of cancer-promoting errors, such as mutations occurring during DNA replication, chromosome aberrations arising during mitosis, errors in the distribution of cell-fate determinants between the daughter cells, and failures to restore physical interactions with other tissue components. Some of these errors are spontaneous, others are promoted by endogenous DNA damage occurring during quiescence, and others are influenced by pathological and environmental factors. The cell divisions required for carcinogenesis are primarily caused by multiple local and systemic physiological signals rather than by errors in the DNA of the cells. As carcinogenesis progresses, the accumulation of DNA errors promotes cell division and eventually triggers cell division under permissive extracellular environments. The accumulation of cell divisions in stem cells drives not only the accumulation of the DNA alterations required for carcinogenesis, but also the formation and growth of the abnormal cell populations that characterize the disease. This model of carcinogenesis provides a new framework for understanding the disease and has important implications for cancer prevention and therapy.
A Simple Way to Reduce the Risk of Cancer of the Oral Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx and Esophagus in Alcohol Users
Authors: Guillén-Mancina Emilio , Calderón-Montaño José Manuel , López-Lázaro Miguel
Published: July 2017

Almost 6% of cancers worldwide are attributable to alcohol consumption. Approximately half of them occur in tissues highly exposed to ethanol, such as the oral cavity, pharynx, upper larynx and esophagus. However, since ethanol is not mutagenic and the carcinogenic metabolite of ethanol (acetaldehyde) is mainly produced in the liver, it is unclear why alcohol consumption preferentially causes a local carcinogenic effect. We recently hypothesized that the cytotoxic activity of ethanol could explain the high risk of these cancers in alcohol users. Here we report that short-term exposures (2-3 seconds) to ethanol concentrations between 10% and 15% start to cause a marked cytotoxic effect on human epithelial keratinocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. After discussing new evidence that cancer is the end-result of the accumulation of cell divisions in stem cells, we explain why regular alcohol consumption imposes a high risk of cancer on these tissues. Briefly, the cytotoxicity of ethanol reduces the lifespan of the cells lining these tissues. The stem cells located in deeper layers need to divide more often than usual to renew the damaged epithelia. The accumulation of cell divisions in stem cells leads to the accumulation of cancer-promoting errors (e.g., mutations arising during DNA replication) that increase their risk of malignant transformation. Cell division also exposes the DNA of the stem cells to the genotoxic activity of acetaldehyde and tobacco carcinogens. We propose that choosing alcoholic beverages containing non-cytotoxic concentrations of ethanol, or diluting ethanol to non-cytotoxic concentrations, is a simple way to reduce the risk of cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus in alcohol users. This preventive strategy may also abolish the known synergistic effect of alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking on the risk of these cancers.
Random network models to predict the long term impact of HPV vaccination on genital warts
Authors: Díez-Domingo Javier , Sánchez-Alonso Víctor , Villanueva Rafael-J. , Acedo Luis , Moraño José-Antonio , Villanueva-Oller Javier
Published: July 2017

HPV vaccine induces a herd immunity effect in genital warts when a large number of the population is vaccinated. That aspect should be taken into account when devising new vaccine strategies, like vaccination at older ages or male vaccination. Therefore it is important to develop mathematical models with good predictive capacities. We devised a sexual contact network that was calibrated to simulate the Spanish epidemiology of different HPV genotypes. Through this model we simulated the scenario that occurred in Australia in 2007, where 12-13 year-old girls where vaccinated with a three-dose schedule of a vaccine containing genotypes 6 and 11, that protect against genital warts, and also a catch-up program in women up to 26 years of age. Vaccine coverage were 73 % in girls with three doses and with coverage rates decreasing with age until 52 % for 20-26 year-olds. A fast 59 % reduction in the genital warts diagnoses occurred in the model in the first years after the start of the program, similar to what was described in the literature.
Development of a Rapid Method for the Determination of Caffeine in Coffee Grains by GC-FID-A Fully Validated Approach
Authors: Pasias Ioannis , Kyriakou Ioannis , Proestos Charalampos
Published: July 2017

A simple method for the determination of caffeine in coffee grains by GC-FID is presented in the current work. The method was fully validated according to ISO 17025 requirements and European Commission regulation. The accuracy, as provided by recovery experiments was higher than 93%, and the precision, as provided by the (%)Relative standard deviation under reproducibility conditions, was lower than 5%. All independent parameters that lead in the increase of methods uncertainty were investigated. In the present work all special precautions were taken into account in order to avoid the use of an internal standard. The method was applied in real samples and possible health claims were investigated.
Resilience Science for a Resilience Society in Seismogenic and Tsunamigenic Countries
Authors: Kaneda Yoshiyuki ,   Institute of Education, Research and Regional Cooperation for Crisis Management Shikoku (IECMS), Kagawa University 1-1 Saiwai-cho, Takamatsu 760-8521, Japan
Published: July 2017

The world falls victim to many natural disasters, including disasters from tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tornados, hurricanes, floods, landslides, and droughts.

Above all, attention has been drawn to destructive tsunamis and earthquakes, such as the 2004 Sumatra earthquake and tsunami, the 2010 Chile earthquake, and the 2011 East Japan earthquake and tsunami.

My personal experience with disasters, tsunamis, and earthquakes has taught me that they can cause severe damage to buildings, the environment, and people in societies in coastal areas (Fig. 1).

Since the East Japan earthquake and tsunami in 2011, restoration and revival from the extensive damage caused by the natural disasters has not progressed rapidly in the coastal areas of East Japan.

There are many reasons for this, such as the lead times for restoration and recovery, reconstruction budgets, and the time spent generating consensus among the national government, local governments, and people living in the coastal areas on the restoration plans.

Furthermore, mental and economic restoration for each individual affected by the disaster in coastal areas and others is very far from returning to the normal state – the one before the disaster.

Therefore, advanced measures for disaster mitigation, restoration, and revival in coastal areas are indispensable in advance of the next destructive earthquake and tsunami.

In this paper, I will first present examples of tsunami and earthquake damage in Japan and the rest of the world, and countermeasures, resilience science, and resilience society.
A Proposed Restoration Strategy for Road Networks After an Earthquake Disaster Using Resilience Engineering
Authors: Shiraki Wataru , Takahashi Kyosuke , Inomo Hitoshi , Isouchi Chikako ,   Institute of Education, Research and Regional Cooperation for Crisis Management Shikoku (IECMS), Kagawa University 1-1 Saiwai-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 760-8521, Japan,   Faculty of Engineering, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
Published: July 2017

Resilience is the capability to promptly recover from damage caused by a disturbance. In recent years, “resilience engineering” has been drawing attention as a new concept in the disaster prevention and crisis management field. Resilience engineering is a method for improving resilience through actions and responses on a case-by-case basis. It is based around social and technological systems, and includes both individuals and organizations. When a system encounters an unprecedented situation, this method involves avoiding the worst-case scenario based on “responding ability,” “monitoring ability,” “anticipating ability,” and “learning ability.” This paper introduces an application case for early recovery planning related to road networks damaged by an earthquake using the resilience engineering method. It also discusses the utility of the resilience engineering method and its future deployment for increasing disaster resilience.
Preliminary Study on Long-Term Flooding After the Tsunami
Authors: Baba Toshitaka , Taniguchi Junichi , Kusunoki Noriko , Miyoshi Manabu , Aki Hiroshi ,   Tokushima University 2-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan,   Nita Consultant Co. Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
Published: July 2017

After the Nankai earthquake in 1946, the resultant flooding lasted for a long time, because seawater remained on land after the tsunami in Kochi city. Large-scale flooding occurred in Ishinomaki city immediately after the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. Long-term flooding may hamper disaster responses such as rescue and recovery activities. This paper studied the risks of long-term flooding after the Nankai earthquake in Tokushima city based on a paleographical survey and numerical analysis. The paleographical survey identified statements such as “seawater sometimes flowed onto the land at the full tide,” suggesting occurrences of long-term flooding after previous Nankai earthquakes. The numerical analysis separately calculated values inside and outside the levee.

The tsunami waveforms outside the analysis area obtained by tsunami numerical simulation was used as the boundary condition of the inland flow modeling, that is water was introduced inside the levee when the tsunami water level exceeded the upper end of the levee. The two layers of ground surface and the drain were defined to calculate the flow, including water exchange between the two layers, and the water was drained forcefully outside the levee using a drainage pump. The possibility of long-term flooding in the analysis area is suggested when a large-scale earthquake occurs in the Nankai trough.
Contribution of Corporate Social Responsibility to Post-Disaster Life Recovery of Employees
Authors: Dan Maki , Kohiyama Masayuki ,   Formerly, Keio University,   Hiyoshi 3-14-1, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan,   Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
Published: July 2017

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is now considered to be one of the most important activities for companies as it greatly affects both companies and local communities. This study analyzes the effects of corporate social responsibility activities on the life recovery of employees. A questionnaire survey on the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster in Iwaki City (Fukushima, Japan) was conducted. Iwaki City was among the areas most severely affected by the disaster. The effect of CSR activities on the life recovery of employees was analyzed by structural equation modeling. Life recovery largely depended on health and human relationships. CSR activities related to these two factors, such as work–life balance and local community activities, increased the life recovery of employees. Companies have large resources for improving local community resilience and local communities can recover from a disaster in a timely and effective manner when companies provide appropriate assistance. This study reveals how companies can contribute to the recovery of local communities through their CSR activities.
ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL INVESTMENT CAPITAL FLOWS
Authors: Petrashko Olekcandr
Published: July 2017

The paper is devoted to the study of the dynamics and movement character of global investment capital flows. According to expert data and reports of EBRD, OECD, WB, IMF, UNCTAD, MIGA, Credit Suisse there was realized the analysis of direct foreign investments in countries with the developed economy and developing ones. The short-term prognoses of the movement character of global investment flows of direct and portfolio investment by regions and in the whole were estimated. The high dynamics of renewal of global direct and portfolio investment flows in 2015 and their unessential decrease by 10-15% in the short outlook was determined.
The modern global investment tendencies were systematized by regions: Europe, Northern America, Eastern Europe, Asia, Latin America, Near East and Northern Africa, Southern Africa. As a result, it was determined, that the decrease of investment flows dynamics is expected in Europe and Northern America, although Europe remains the most region-investor, and the Northern America demonstrates the fourfold growth of the capital inflow. For developing countries in the middle-term prospect will be typical tendencies of portfolio investments outflow. The deceleration and essential shortening of volumes of direct and portfolio investment flows is typical mainly for Africa and Eastern Europe. Asia is the exclusion, where the dynamics of capital inflow growth returns, and China that is the third investor in the world for today.
Periods of global investment flows deceleration and their modern tendencies were separated and characterized.
BILATERAL BREAST SARCOMA IN WOMEN WITH MACROMASTIA
Authors: Galaychuk Igor , Nitefor Larysa , Perepyolkina Irina
Published: July 2017

Bilateral breast sarcomas are rare malignancies of unknown etiology. Most common histological subtypes of breast sarcoma are angiosarcoma, ﬁbrosarcoma and malignant ﬁbrous histiocytoma. Phyllodes tumors have a predisposition to transform into sarcoma.

The present clinical case describes bilateral breast fibrosarcomas in a 39 years-old female with macromastia. This peculiarity gave possibilities to do wide local excision of both tumors within 3.0 cmresection margins and preserve both breasts. Histological and immunohistochemical (ERG, CK-AE1/AE3) examination confirmed fibrosarcomas in both breast (in right – stage IIB, in left – stage IIA). Patient carried on postoperative treatment with radiation therapy (36.1 Gy for both breasts) and four cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (doxorubicin, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide).

For the first year patient had clinical and ultrasound examination every three months, then every 6 months. CT scan of chest and abdomen was every year. In seven post-op years there was no evidence of disease recurrence.

Thus, macromastia gives an exceptional chance to carry out organ-sparing radical surgery in women with advanced breast malignancies.
ELABORATION OF THE RECIPE OF THE FERMENTED MILK DESSERT FOR CHILD FOOD
Authors: Dzyuba Nadya , Valevskaya Liudmyla , Atanasova Vita , Sokolovskaya Alena
Published: July 2017

Using the tabular processor MS Excel 2007 there was elaborated the recipe of the fermented milk dessert for child food. The recipe of this dessert consists of (mass. %, g): fermented milk curd – 54, jam – 23, honey – 8, sesame – 4, cream – 6, collagen hydrolyzate (gluten) – 5. This dessert is a source of vitamin C and covers near 40 % of a child daily need in it. At the expanse of introducing gluten in the dessert composition, protein content in the ready product increased that covers from 11,28 % to 22,56 % of a daily need. This dessert is also rich in calcium, so one portion of it covers 25 % of a child need.

Based on theoretical qualimetry methods there was realized the complex estimation of the dessert quality. The hierarchic structure of ready product properties was presented, including organoleptic and physical-chemical parameters and also ones of the food and biological value at storage.

The estimation of microbiological and organoleptic parameters at storage give a possibility to state, that the new fermented milk dessert will be competitive at the consumer market. The storage life of this product is 5 days at the temperature (4±2) °С.
Effect of market and corporate reforms on firm performance: evidence from Kuwait
Authors: kh. Bouresli Amani , M. Aldeehani Talla
Published: July 2017

Following the global financial crisis in 2008, many countries have introduced economic and corporate reforms to assure fair markets and mitigate the risk of management misconduct. In this context, Kuwait has implemented two new major laws to restructure its capital markets and improve corporate governance. The two laws ere the Capital Market Authority Law (CMAL) and Kuwait Companies Law (KCL). In this paper, the authors sought answers to two questions: (1) has the performance of the listed companies changed in response to the enforcement of the laws? and (2) was there a direct influence of the laws on that change? The authors found some evidence of significant change in performance. Moreover, they provide evidence of KCL viability as a determinant of better performance. Interestingly, CMAL was found to be inadequate for improving firm performance. Implications and recommendations for further research are provided.