bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of pathological grade in prostate cancer: an ensemble deep learning-based whole slide image classification model
Authors: Erdem Gamze Korkmaz , Omurca Sevinc Ilhan , Cakir Esra Betul , Bayrak Busra Yaprak
Published: February 2025

Prostate cancer is a highly prevalent tumor among men and probably histologically represents one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. The automated analysis of tissues in histopathology has been advancing with higher accuracy rates using modern slide imaging techniques in combination with deep learning approaches. Today, pathologists can examine tissue samples in detail on high-resolution digital images thanks to whole slide imaging (WSI) images. This helps to accurately diagnose and evaluate the grades of prostate cancer. Tasks for analyzing WSI images with deep learning methods rely heavily on WSI images where tumor regions are marked by pathologists. This poses the challenge of marking WSI images for pathologists. In this study, we developed deep learning-based models with transfer learning support to classify prostate cancer grade in WSIs based on slide-level labels without the need for pathologists to mark the images. For this aim, we collected a real-life dataset which contains WSI image data of prostate cancer patients obtained from Kocaeli University, Department of Medical Pathology. The collected WSI data were labeled with prostate cancer grades only which are slide-level annotations, without the identification of regions of interest (ROIs) such as tumor regions within the tissue section. To demonstrate the contribution of the proposed, WSI-based classification models, they are compared with patch-based models regarding accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Experimental results show that the proposed model provides high classification accuracy for prostate cancer detection over WSI images.
The Relationship between Sports Measurement and Evaluation in Physical Education through Intelligent Analysis and Data Mining
Authors: Sheng Yazhou
Published: February 2025

This study presents a novel framework for assessing physical education (PE) performance by integrating principal component analysis (PCA) and neural networks (NN). A comprehensive sports measurement system was developed, incorporating diverse indicators such as physical endurance, skill proficiency, and teamwork. PCA was applied to extract key performance indicators, reducing data dimensionality while retaining critical information. These refined indicators were used as inputs for an NN model, which provided detailed and objective evaluations of student performance. The proposed framework demonstrated superior accuracy, F1-scores, and recall compared to traditional methods and advanced machine learning models, such as SVM, RF, and GBM. Furthermore, the insights generated by the model enabled the design of personalized training plans tailored to individual student needs. This data-driven approach offers a significant advancement in PE assessment, ensuring objective evaluations and fostering effective, individualized teaching strategies.
Unbiased Interest Modeling in Sequential Basket Analysis: Addressing Repetition Bias with Multi-Factor Estimation
Authors: Deng Zhiying , Li Jianjun , Liu Wei , Zhao Juan
Published: February 2025

Sequential basket analysis is a challenging task that focuses on modeling user interests through their shopping basket records. This study focuses on a newly identified bias: the
repetition bias
, which typically arises due to
repurchase behavior
. Existing methods typically oversimplify the relationship between repetitions and predictions. They assume that frequent repetition of an item by a user indicates a strong preference of the user. However, this assumption is flawed as it fails to consider that repetitions are not driven solely by user interests, as they can also be influenced by external factors, resulting in a biased understanding of user interests. In this paper, we propose the
CA
usal intervention for
R
epetition
D
e-biasing (
CARD
), a novel solution to comprehensively estimate various influencing factors and address the repetition bias, thereby ensuring a more accurate learning of user interests. Specifically, we design a multi-factor estimation debiasing framework with constructed causal graphs to formalize the data generation process within the recommendation. We then analyze the variables that influence the recommendation, with the goal of identifying confounding variables that affect repurchase behavior and thereby locating the source of repetition bias. Since repetition bias originates from the influence of confounding variables on repurchase behavior, we resort to causal intervention methods to prevent its impacts and thus eliminate repetition bias at its source for unbiased user interest modeling. We evaluate
CARD
by conducting extensive experiments over three real-world datasets. The results demonstrate our approach’s competitiveness over the representative state-of-the-art baselines in achieving unbiased user interest modeling.
Hacking Cryptographic Protocols with Advanced Variational Quantum Attacks
Authors: Aizpurua Borja , Bermejo Pablo , Etxezarreta Martínez Josu , Orús Román
Published: February 2025

Here we introduce an improved approach to Variational Quantum Attack Algorithms (VQAA) on crytographic protocols. Our methods provide robust quantum attacks to well-known cryptographic algorithms, more efficiently and with remarkably fewer qubits than previous approaches. We implement simulations of our attacks for symmetric-key protocols such as S-DES, S-AES and Blowfish. For instance, we show how our attack allows a classical simulation of a small 8-qubit quantum computer to find the secret key of one 32-bit Blowfish instance with 24 times fewer number of iterations than a brute-force attack. Our work also shows improvements in attack success rates for lightweight ciphers such as S-DES and S-AES. Further applications beyond symmetric-key cryptography are also discussed, including asymmetric-key protocols and hash functions. In addition, we also comment on potential future improvements of our methods. Our results bring one step closer assessing the vulnerability of large-size classical cryptographic protocols with Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices, and set the stage for future research in quantum cybersecurity.
SPECT/CT Dosimetry of Bronchial Artery 99mTc Macroaggregated Albumin Injection in Pulmonary Malignancies: Feasibility Evaluation of Bronchial Artery 90Y Radioembolization
Authors: Wehrenberg-Klee Eric , An Thomas , Heidari Pedram , Huesa-Berral Carlos , Dreher Matthew R. , Eldridge Amanda , Fowers Kirk , Schuemann Jan , Bertolet Alejandro
Published: February 2025

SPECT/CT dosimetric analysis of technetium 99m macroaggregated albumin injected via the bronchial artery for pulmonary malignancy suggests that bronchial artery yttrium 90 radioembolization could be an alternative treatment for patients unable to receive external beam radiation therapy.
Association of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Changes on Serial Chest CT Scans with Mortality: Insights from the National Lung Screening Trial
Authors: Langenbach Isabel L. , Hadzic Ibrahim , Zeleznik Roman , Langenbach Marcel C. , Maintz David , Mayrhofer Thomas , Lu Michael T. , Aerts Hugo J. W. L. , Foldyna Borek
Published: February 2025

On serial lung cancer screening CT scans in individuals at high risk of developing lung cancer, atypical epicardial adipose tissue volume change was associated with all-cause mortality, while volume decrease and density increase were associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality.
TotalSegmentator MRI: Robust Sequence-independent Segmentation of Multiple Anatomic Structures in MRI
Authors: Akinci D’Antonoli Tugba , Berger Lucas K. , Indrakanti Ashraya K. , Vishwanathan Nathan , Weiss Jakob , Jung Matthias , Berkarda Zeynep , Rau Alexander , Reisert Marco , Küstner Thomas , Walter Alexandra , Merkle Elmar M. , Boll Daniel T. , Breit Hanns-Christian , Nicoli Andrew Phillip , Segeroth Martin , Cyriac Joshy , Yang Shan , Wasserthal Jakob
Published: February 2025

TotalSegmentator MRI is an open-source, user-friendly tool that provides automatic, robust sequence-independent segmentations of major anatomic structures on MRI scans; the ready-to-use online tool is available at https://totalsegmentator.com .
Study on the Influence of Anode Ammonia Impurities on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Performance
Authors: Han Tianyi , Xu Liangfei , Zhang Xiyuan , Zhao Yang , Su Junlong , Hu Zunyan , Li Jianqiu , Ouyang Minggao
Published: February 2025

Industrial by-product hydrogen and reformate hydrogen from ammonia are possible fuels for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) which may have ammonia impurities that damage the performance. This study investigates the influence of ammonia impurities in anode fuel on the performance of PEMFCs. Comprehensive electrochemical characterizations were employed to analyze the effects of varying ammonia concentrations and relative humidity (RH) levels. The results demonstrate that ammonia impurities significantly increase electrode activation overpotentials and proton transfer resistance in the cathode catalyst layer and membrane, with more pronounced effects under low RH conditions. Ammonia adsorption on platinum catalysts reduces the electrochemical active surface area and impedes the oxygen reduction reaction, leading to increased activation losses. Additionally, ammonia binding with membrane sulfonate groups elevates proton transfer resistance. These findings underscore the critical need to control ammonia impurities in anode fuel to maintain optimal PEMFC performance.
Risk Factors of Venous Thromboembolism After Radical Hysterectomy in Patients With Cervical Cancer
Authors: Feng Bei , Wang Zehua , Cai Liqiong , He Xiaoqi , Zhang Yuan , Cai Jing
Published: February 2025

This retrospective study aimed to determine the risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer. Data from 366 patients who underwent radical surgery between June 2020 and December 2021 were collected from medical records. The patients were divided into a thrombosis group and a nonthrombotic group based on the presence or absence of VTE. Multivariate analyses revealed that age greater than 45 years, open radical hysterectomy surgery, an operation time exceeding 4 hours, intraoperative blood transfusion, and postoperative plasma D‐dimer levels greater than 2.0 mg/L were significant independent risk factors for postoperative VTE, which could be used to help identify patients at an increased risk of VTE.
Nonlinear Second Order Scalar Differential Inclusion Involving a Singular Φ−Laplacian Operator, With Nonlinear General Boundary Conditions
Authors: Béhi Droh Arsène , Adjé Assohoun , Goli Konan Charles Etienne
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we study the following second order scalar differential inclusion: under nonlinear general boundary conditions incorporating a large number of boundary problems including Dirichlet, Neumann, Neumann–Steklov, Sturm–Liouville, and periodic problems. By means of approximate problems, we succeed in establishing existence results for the main problem. We establish the existence of solutions when the approximate problem admits two sign conditions or a single sign condition and a single lower solution or a single sign condition and a single upper solution. Our proofs combine the method of lower and upper solutions, sign conditions, the analysis of multifunctions, and Yosida’s approximation.
Phytochemical Profiling and Toxicity Assessment of Aqueous Extract From Bitter Apricot Kernels Cultivated in Morocco
Authors: El-Hajjaji Mohamed Amine , Nouioura Ghizlane , Fikri-Benbrahim Kawtar , Soulo Najoua , El Ouassete Mohammed , Lyoussi Badiaa , Benziane Ouaritini Zineb
Published: February 2025

Apricot kernels contain amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside that degrades to cyanide upon chewing or crushing, posing a potential toxicity risk to humans. The present study aimed to determine the phenolic compounds and to evaluate the subacute and acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of bitter apricot kernels (BAKs) in Swiss albino mice. The chemical characterization was carried out with HPLC‐DAD analyses, and acute toxicity was done by extract’s oral administration once for 72‐h period at doses of 500–6000 mg/kg body weight (bw). For the subacute toxicity, mice were administrated orally by repeated doses of 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg bw for 28 days. The hematological, biochemical parameters and the histological examinations of vital organs (kidney, liver, and spleen) were done by sacrificing the animals after the subacute toxicity period. The results revealed 11 phenolic compounds with a total of 61 mg/g of extract. In the acute toxicity study, no signs of toxicity or mortality were observed during the experiment period, and the LD50 value was higher than 6000 mg/kg bw. In the subacute toxicity, only the group treated with the greatest dose (1000 mg/kg bw) exhibited a significant decrease in the hematocrit and slight increase in urea, and creatinine. The results of this study indicate that the aqueous extract of BAK was not toxic to mice at the tested concentrations. This provides valuable information regarding its toxicity profile.
Hybrid Endoscopic/Fluoroscopic Gastrostomy Tube Placement: Case Report of a Novel Technique
Authors: Girardi Nicholas , Wharton Benjamin , Cicuto Kenneth , Wiley Alysia , LaGrone Lacey
Published: February 2025

Introduction: We report the case of a 60-year-old female with a history of perforated gastric ulcer, abdominal abscesses, enterocutaneous fistula, and small bowel obstruction requiring durable gastric decompression prior to delayed fistula takedown. The patient had contraindications to or failed attempts at traditional gastrostomy approaches (surgical, endoscopic, interventional radiology). Case Report: Gastrostomy was successfully performed via a novel technique combining interventional radiology and endoscopic placement. Discussion: In certain patients with complex presentations, a hybrid approach to gastrostomy tube placement using fluoroscopy and endoscopy may prove a viable alternative when traditional methods are contraindicated or unsuccessful.
Patients experiences of an active transcutaneous implant: The Bone Conduction Implant
Authors: Persson Ann-Charlotte , Eeg-Olofsson Måns , Sadeghi André , Lepp Margret
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The aim of this qualitative study was to explore and describe patients’ experiences of using and living with the Bone Conduction Implant (BCI).
Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 BCI users and analyzed according to the phenomenographic approach.
Results: Four conceptual themes were formed during the analysis; (1) conceptions of the process receiving the BCI, (2) conceptions of handling the BCI on a daily basis, (3) conceptions of hearing with the BCI, and (4) Conceptions of health care issues related to the BCI. The participants statements include experiences of improved hearing and self-esteem by using the BCI. Noisy situations and not being able to hear in daily life situations causes frustrations. The participants described anxiety about consequences following an MRI examination. The audio processor is easy to handle but the fact that it is not waterproof raise concerns. Despite some frustration and concerns, participants state that the audio processor has become a part of them, and they cannot imagine being without it.
Conclusion: The ability to hear and communicate with other people have a great impact on the participants daily life quality, and their statements shows the importance hearing has on their lives and how they perceive themselves. The BCI seems to be a good hearing rehabilitation alternative for the participants, and they state that the audio processor is easy to use and handle.
Pathology of Self-Expanding Transcatheter Aortic Bioprostheses and Hypoattenuated Leaflet Thickening
Authors: Sato Yu , Torii Sho , Kawai Kenji , Yahagi Kazuyuki , Kutyna Matthew , Kawakami Rika , Konishi Takao , Vozenilek Aimee E. , Jinnouchi Hiroyuki , Sakamoto Atsushi , Mori Hiroyoshi , Cornelissen Anne , Mori Masayuki , Tanaka Takamasa , Sekimoto Teruo , Kutys Robert , Ghosh Saikat Kumar B. , Forrest John K. , Reardon Michael J. , Romero Maria E. , Kolodgie Frank D. , Virmani Renu , Finn Aloke V.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Hypoattenuated leaflet thickening (HALT) is believed to reflect leaflet thrombosis; however, no systematic histological examination of HALT has ever been performed. The aim of this study was to evaluate histological findings of explanted self-expanding transcatheter aortic bioprosthetic valves from clinical trials and to compare microCT findings of suspected HALT with histology findings of valve thrombosis and its characterization over time.

METHODS:

A total of 123 self-expanding transcatheter aortic valves were collected through autopsy (n=89) or surgical explant (n=34) from 11 CoreValve/Evolut clinical trials. Histological findings in transcatheter aortic valve leaflets were evaluated. MicroCT imaging was used to evaluate HALT in histology. Cases with infective endocarditis (10/123) or transcatheter aortic valve-in-surgical aortic valve procedures (3/123) were excluded.

RESULTS:

A total of 110 cases were divided into 3 groups based on implant duration: <30 days (n=42), 30 to 365 days (n=35), and >365 days (n=33). Thrombus and inflammation scores were consistent across groups, while scores for pannus, calcification, and structural change increased over time. The analysis of leaflet thickening by histology was performed on 320 leaflets and any degree of leaflet thickening was observed in 46.5% (149/320) of leaflets. Histologically, leaflet thickening was confirmed as an acute, organizing, and organized thrombus (ie, pannus). In the <30 days group, all leaflet thickening was due to acute thrombus, while most thrombi were organized >30 days. The types of thrombi could not be differentiated by microCT imaging.

CONCLUSIONS:

HALT represents the presence of a thrombus and its progression. Our data suggest that treatment of HALT would likely be most effective in the early stages before the thrombus becomes organized and emphasizes the need for early detection.
Multiomic Analysis of Calf Muscle in Peripheral Artery Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kim Kyoungrae , Thome Trace , Pass Caroline , Stone Lauren , Vugman Nicholas , Palzkill Victoria , Yang Qingping , O’Malley Kerri A. , Anderson Erik M. , Fazzone Brian , Yue Feng , Berceli Scott A. , Scali Salvatore T. , Ryan Terence E.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as a significant risk factor that accelerates atherosclerosis, decreases muscle function, and increases the risk of amputation or death in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, the modulators underlying this exacerbated pathobiology are ill-defined. Recent work has demonstrated that uremic toxins are associated with limb amputation in PAD and have pathological effects in both the limb muscle and vasculature. Herein, we use multiomics to identify novel modulators of disease pathobiology in patients with PAD and CKD.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional study enrolled 4 groups of participants: controls without PAD or CKD (n=28), patients with PAD only (n=46), patients with CKD only (n=31), and patients with both PAD and CKD (n=18). Both targeted (uremic toxins) and nontargeted metabolomics in plasma were performed using mass spectrometry. Calf muscle biopsies were used to measure histopathology, perform bulk and single-nucleus RNA sequencing, and assess mitochondrial function. Differential gene and metabolite analyses, as well as pathway and gene set enrichment analyses, were performed.

RESULTS:

Patients with both PAD and CKD exhibited significantly lower calf muscle strength and smaller muscle fiber areas compared with controls and those with only PAD. Compared with controls, mitochondrial function was impaired in patients with CKD, with or without PAD, but not in PAD patients without CKD. Plasma metabolomics revealed substantial alterations in the metabolome of patients with CKD, with significant correlations observed between uremic toxins (eg, kynurenine and indoxyl sulfate) and both muscle strength and mitochondrial function. RNA sequencing analyses identified downregulation of mitochondrial genes and pathways associated with protein translation in patients with both PAD and CKD. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing further highlighted a mitochondrial deficiency in muscle fibers along with unique remodeling of fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells in patients with both PAD and CKD, with an increase in adipogenic cell populations.

CONCLUSIONS:

CKD significantly exacerbates ischemic muscle pathology in PAD, as evidenced by diminished muscle strength, reduced mitochondrial function, and altered transcriptome profiles. The correlation between uremic toxins and muscle dysfunction suggests that targeting these metabolites may offer therapeutic potential for improving muscle health in PAD patients with CKD.
What Developmental Science Has to Say About Caregiving
Authors: Pollak Seth D. , Gunnar Megan R.
Published: February 2025

There are numerous popular books, magazines, blogs, and websites that provide advice or anecdotes about how best to care for children. These sources of information can drown out conclusions based on scientific consensus, negatively influencing the behavior of parents and other caregivers and impacting societal action and policies implemented to support children and families. Scientific research in child development, psychology, and neuroscience provides valuable insights into key aspects of caring for children that not only can enhance the likelihood of positive outcomes for children but can also empower parents, childcare providers, and communities with the knowledge and confidence needed to make informed decisions about their childrens upbringing. These data can also inform public policies that can increase access and reduce barriers to quality environments for all children. Here, we highlight reliable findings about biobehavioral development that can bear upon policies and practices for supporting healthy child development.
Imagining Yourself in Another's Shoes versus Extending Your Concern: Empirical & Ethical Differences
Authors: Schwitzgebel Eric
Published: February 2025

According to the Golden Rule, you should do unto others as you would have others do unto you. Similarly, people are often exhorted to “imagine themselves in another's shoes.” A related but contrasting approach to moral expansion traces back to the ancient Chinese philosopher Mengzi, who urges us to “extend” our concern for those nearby to more distant people. Other approaches to moral expansion involve attending to the good consequences for oneself of caring for others, expanding one's sense of self, expanding one's sense of community, attending to others’ morally relevant properties, and learning by doing. About all such approaches, we can ask three questions: To what extent do people in fact (for instance, developmentally) broaden and deepen their care for others by these different methods? To what extent do these different methods differ in ethical merit? And how effectively do these different methods produce appropriate care?
Divine Care: Care as Religious Practice
Authors: Ugolnik Zachary
Published: February 2025

This essay compares Christian and Buddhist narratives of care in conversation with anthropological work on relationships mediated through the divine. Within these traditions, care is a divine activity in which humans participate by engaging in caregiving practices. Gods care, receive care, and elevate care to a sacred action. I argue that the act of caring, as a religious practice, calls for an existential reflection upon the boundaries of the self, and includes not only the giver and receiver of care but also other humans and the divine. Studying care in religious contexts helps us better understand the social science of care, even in secular spaces. I conclude with lessons we can learn from religious institutions to better cultivate expanded networks of care in civil society, such as infrastructure to support relationships between strangers and across generations.
Computational Frameworks for Human Care
Authors: Christian Brian
Published: February 2025

Some of the earliest science-fiction literature to imagine humans' long-term relationship with machines portrayed technology as a kind of caregiver for humans. The retrofuturist vision of machine care is poised to become reality, as the world of the 2020s is experiencing both incredible advances in AI technology as well as demographic changes that, together, make such systems seem at once possible and necessary. Tracing the key themes from our literary and cultural imagination and framing them against the technical progress in the field of AI alignment reveals insights and lessons for us as we approach the prospect of bringing certain forms of computational care to life. In so doing, they provide not only practical guidance but also give us an opportunity to sharpen our intuitions about the nature of human care itself.
Paying for Expanded Care Provision
Authors: Frank Robert H.
Published: February 2025

Children receiving better care grow up earning more, paying more in taxes, committing fewer crimes, and needing less help from government. That these and many other benefits of investment in care cannot be captured by private parties is what underlies the powerful case for public investment. Yet many voters resist such investment in the belief that the necessary taxes would require painful sacrifices. This belief, however, rests on a simple cognitive illusion. Since the wealthy already have what anyone might reasonably need, their ostensible concern is whether higher taxes would make it more difficult to buy life's special extras. But because such things are inherently in short supply, the ability to purchase them depends almost exclusively on relative bidding power, which is completely unaffected by top tax rates.
Combining video telemetry and wearable MEG for naturalistic
imaging
Authors: O’Neill George C. , Seymour Robert A. , Mellor Stephanie , Alexander Nicholas A. , Tierney Tim M. , Bernachot Léa , Fahimi Hnazaee Mansoureh , Spedden Meaghan E. , Timms Ryan C. , Bush Daniel , Bestmann Sven , Brookes Matthew J. , Barnes Gareth R.
Published: February 2025

Neuroimaging studies have typically relied on rigorously controlled experimental paradigms to probe cognition, in which movement is restricted, primitive, an afterthought or merely used to indicate a subject’s choice. Whilst powerful, these paradigms do not often resemble how we behave in everyday life, so a new generation of ecologically valid experiments are being developed. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures neural activity by sensing extracranial magnetic fields. It has recently been transformed from a large, static imaging modality to a wearable method where participants can move freely. This makes wearable MEG systems a prime candidate for naturalistic experiments going forward. However, these experiments will also require novel methods to capture and integrate information about behaviour executed during neuroimaging, and it is not yet clear how this could be achieved.

Here we use video recordings of multi-limb dance moves, processed with open-source machine learning methods, to automatically identify time windows of interest in concurrent, wearable MEG data. In a first step, we compare a traditional, block-designed analysis of limb movements, where the times of interest are based on stimulus presentation, to an analysis pipeline based on hidden Markov model states derived from the video telemetry. Next, we show that it is possible to identify discrete modes of neuronal activity related to specific limbs and body posture by processing the participants’ choreographed movement in a dancing paradigm. This demonstrates the potential of combining video telemetry with mobile magnetoencephalography and other legacy imaging methods for future studies of complex and naturalistic behaviours.
Oscillatory signatures of monitoring and anticipatory strategies for
probabilistic vs deterministic cues
Authors: Tarasi Luca , Bertaccini Riccardo , Ippolito Giuseppe , Martelli Maria Eugenia , di Pellegrino Giuseppe , Romei Vincenzo
Published: February 2025

Perception is not exclusively determined by sensory input, being strongly shaped by expectations. Here, we manipulated target occurrence certainty - random (50%), probabilistic (63/75%), deterministic (100%) - to investigate how priors shape decision-making. Results revealed strong influence of expectations on decision-bias, with modulation increasing as priors attain predictive power. This influence was particularly evident in deterministic trials, where the prior’s absolute validity heightened performance. Notably, individuals exhibited wide variability in predictive strategies: some exhibited strong prior-driven choice (believers), while others relied more on sensory input (empiricists). Relative to empiricists, believers exhibited reduced midfrontal theta rhythm in probabilistic trials, indicating less monitoring for actual target occurrence, and higher motor beta desynchronization in deterministic trials, suggesting a shift toward motor strategy implementing prior-congruent action. Crucially, believers' prior-driven approach conferred an advantage in deterministic conditions. These findings highlight priors' impact on decision-making, emphasizing the interplay between monitoring and anticipatory mechanisms in leveraging expectations.
Implicit Neural Representation of Multi-shell Constrained Spherical
Deconvolution for Continuous Modeling of Diffusion MRI
Authors: Hendriks Tom , Vilanova Anna , Chamberland Maxime
Published: February 2025

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) provides insight into the micro and macro-structure of the brain. Multi-shell multi-tissue constrained spherical deconvolution (MSMT-CSD) models the underlying local fiber orientation distributions (FODs) using the dMRI signal. While generally producing high-quality FODs, MSMT-CSD is a voxel-wise method that can be impacted by noise and produce erroneous FODs. Local models also do not use the spatial correlation between neighboring voxels to increase parameter estimating power. Additionally, voxel-wise methods require interpolation at arbitrary locations outside of voxel centers. These interpolations can be computationally costly or inaccurate, depending on the method of choice. Expanding upon previous work, we apply the implicit neural representation (INR) methodology to the MSMT-CSD model. This results in an unsupervised machine learning framework that generates a continuous representation of a given dMRI dataset. The input of the INR consists of coordinates in the volume, which produce the spherical harmonics coefficients parameterizing an FOD at any desired location. A key characteristic of our model is its ability to leverage spatial correlations in the volume, which acts as a form of regularization. We evaluate the output FODs quantitatively and qualitatively in synthetic and real dMRI datasets and compare them to existing methods.
Sub-optimal Internal Mammary Grafts: Incidence, Timing, and Etiology
Authors: Yones Eron , Cheng Ann , Preston Arfah Hazel , Gondal Mohsin , Slater Tom , Kazibwe Joseph , Kaur Harjinder , Sammut Mark , Glover Oliver , West John , Rothman Alexander , Morgan Kenneth , Richardson James , Adam Zulfiquar , Barmby David , Iqbal Javaid , Krishnamurthy Arvindra , Conway Dwayne , Storey Robert F. , Briffa Norman , Hunter Steven , Braidley Peter , Forlani Stefano , Chetty Govind , Cartwright Neil , Greco Renata , Morris Paul D. , Gunn Julian P.
Published: February 2025

The left internal mammary (thoracic) artery (LIMA), when used as a pedicle graft at the time of coronary artery bypass grafting, is effective and durable. Data concerning the rate and causes of LIMA failure are scant. The aim of this paper is to explore the modes and frequency of sub-optimal LIMA grafts. We examined all cases of invasive graft angiography performed in our cardiothoracic center 2016–2020 and analyzed the quality of the LIMA graft. Of 551 cases, 323 had undergone isolated coronary artery bypass grafting including a LIMA since 2001; of those, 59 (18%) appeared sub-optimal; 16 (5%) being totally occluded, 26 (8%) exhibiting a “string sign” (i.e., atretic or cord-like), 12 (4%) being focally stenosed, and 5 (1.5%) being patent but placed on a diseased portion of the left anterior descending artery or other vessel. The commonest cause of failure were poor-quality left anterior descending artery target and non-flow-limiting disease. This paper highlights the low rate, and likely modes, of failure of this valuable treatment in contemporary practice.
Occupational Therapists’ Psychotherapy Competence: A Scoping Review of Secondary Data
Authors: Mandzuk Andrea , Wener Pamela
Published: February 2025

Background. Occupational therapists have been writing about and practicing psychotherapy for almost a century. However, questions about competence and tensions regarding psychotherapy in occupational therapy persist both within and outside the profession. Purpose. To explore the scope of the existing literature on psychotherapy competence written by occupational therapists and/or pertaining to occupational therapy research or practice. Method. A secondary analysis of the 207 articles included in the scoping review by Marshall and colleagues was conducted. Using inductive and deductive approaches, data from 207 articles were screened, extracted, and analyzed to identify themes related to competence in psychotherapy. Findings. The 104 articles included spanned from 1927 to 2020; 50% were non-empirical. The narrative synthesis had one overall theme, Professional Identity, and three subthemes: Competence, Attaining and Maintaining Competence, and The Great Debate. There was no consistent pathway outlined for occupational therapists to attain psychotherapy competence, which may contribute to role confusion and dissonance. Conclusion. This review revealed the reciprocal relationship between professional identity and psychotherapy competence in occupational therapists. Future research should explore how the use of psychotherapy competence pathways impacts professional identity and contributes to practice competence.
When hostility is a norm in International Relations: Emotional deviants and internal enemies in populist media discourse
Authors: Kosen Mustafa Gokcan , Akkaraca Kose Melike
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the normative dimension of emotions within domestic politics for international issues. Focusing on Turkish–Greek relations during a period of heightened tension (June–November 2022), we examine how pro-government media constructs hostility towards Greece as a central emotion norm linked to national identity. Employing corpus-assisted discourse analysis within the framework of the subjective group dynamics model, we analyse how opposition figures are portrayed as deviants who do not embody this emotion norm and marginalized as external to the nation. Our findings highlight the powerful role of emotions in both unifying and dividing domestic politics on foreign policy issues and regarding international actors. Furthermore, the study contributes to understanding of the media’s role in populist polarization and political contestation surrounding the emotional dimensions of national identity.
From Clicks to Bets: How Social Media Engagement Influences Gambling Severity—Cross-Sectional Research
Authors: Moravec Vaclav , Hynek Nik , Gavurova Beata , Rigelsky Martin , Miovsky Michal
Published: February 2025

The evolving gambling environment, marked by increased accessibility and innovative promotions, has led to rising expenditures globally. Despite this, the relationship between social media use and problem gambling in the Czech Republic remains underexplored. To investigate the association between social media use and problem gambling severity among Czech adults using the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). Is there a difference in gambling severity based on demographic characteristics? (1); Is there a relationship between social media news consumption and gambling severity? (2); Is there a connection between negative motives for social media use and problematic usage? (3); Is there a link between problematic social media use and gambling severity? (4). Primary research, designed as a cross-sectional study, was conducted in the Czech Republic in November 2024 on a sample of 3093 respondents (48.4% male). All participants were aged 16 years or older. The sample was selected using quota sampling based on multiple identifying quota variables, with minimal differences in the proportions of quota indicators compared to the general population. Non-parametric tests and ordinal logistic regression analyzed relationships between demographics, social media use, and PGSI scores. Higher PGSI scores were found among males, younger participants, those with lower education, and the unemployed or students. Greater social media news consumption correlated with increased gambling severity. Disruptive social media behaviors, such as waking up to check notifications and interrupting activities, were significantly associated with higher PGSI scores. Problematic social media use involving deceit and family conflict substantially heightened the risk of severe gambling problems. These findings highlight the need for targeted prevention initiatives, regulatory policies, and enhanced digital literacy to safeguard vulnerable groups from the risks posed by digital gambling platforms. Addressing both gambling behaviors and problematic social media use is crucial in mitigating potential harms.
Tramadol and mental health: A systematic review of case reports describing psychological side-effects
Authors: Gudla Sai Shashank , Bhumireddy Siva Krishna Adithya , Vadaga Anil Kumar
Published: February 2025

Objective

Tramadol is a synthetic opioid widely used in clinical practice to treat moderate to severe pain. While it is considered safer than traditional opioids, growing concerns have emerged regarding its adverse psychological effects. This systematic review examined tramadol-induced psychological side effects, identified risk factors, and evaluated possible underlying mechanisms that might help to guide safer clinical use.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using the related keywords of tramadol and psychological effects. This review primarily focused on case reports, which were included if they provided detailed accounts of tramadol-induced mental health side-effects. Two independent reviewers screened the studies, and data was extracted on patient demographics, details of tramadol usage, psychological outcomes, and risk factors. The quality of the case reports was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scale.

Results

The review found that tramadol is associated with a range of psychological symptoms, including manic episodes, hypomania, serotonin syndrome, psychosis, and cognitive impairment. Risk factors included age, pre-existing psychiatric conditions, polydrug use, and prolonged tramadol use. Elderly individuals and those with psychiatric histories were particularly vulnerable.

Conclusion

Tramadol has the potential to cause serious psychological side effects, prompting cautious prescription, especially in vulnerable populations. Clinicians should closely monitor patients for these adverse effects, and further research is needed to understand the mechanisms involved and to reduce the psychological site-effects resulting from tramadol use.
Evaluation of the impact of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) oxygenator shunt flow on neonatal hemolysis: An in vitro study
Authors: Nemeh Christopher , Varner Caleb , Schmoke Nicholas , Trager Elon , Wu Yeu Sanz , Brewer Michael , Cain-Trivette Caitlin , Aw Nikki , Francis Richard O , Vargas Chaves Diana , Cheung Eva W , Middlesworth William
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is utilized in critically ill neonates with severe cardiopulmonary failure. Hemolysis is a potential complication and is associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality. The etiology of hemolysis in neonates is multifactorial, including shear forces generated by the ECMO pump, higher flow resistance from smaller tubing and smaller cannulas, the oxygenator, and other patient factors. Centrifugal pumps and oxygenators commonly have shunts with partially occluding clamps to regulate blood flow. We hypothesized that these clamps are significant contributors to hemolysis.

Method

An in vitro study was conducted with three identical ECMO circuits containing an integrated polymethylpentene (PMP) oxygenator and centrifugal pump (Cardiohelp HLS 5.0) and 1/4″ arteriovenous (AV) loop tubing. The circuits were primed with equal components, including expired ABO-compatible packed red blood cells (pRBCs), 25% albumin, 5% albumin, sodium bicarbonate, heparin, and calcium chloride. Circuit A had a completely occluded shunt. Circuit B had a partially occluded shunt, allowing 500 mL/min of shunt flow back to the oxygenator. Circuit C had a fully open shunt, generating 1000 mL/min of shunt flow back to the oxygenator. Plasma-free hemoglobin values were measured serially over 5 days.

Results

Baseline plasma-free hemoglobin levels were equal in all three circuits. Circuit C had the greatest increase in plasma-free hemoglobin daily (26.3 mg/dL/day) compared to Circuit A and Circuit B, which were 14.1 mg/dL/day and 12.9 mg/dL/day, respectively.

Conclusions

Our data suggests that partially occluding clamps are not a significant contributor to hemolysis; rather, increased flow through the oxygenator significantly increased the rate of hemolysis in neonatal ECMO circuits.
Fostering scientific integrity in Vietnam: The contribution of library and information services
Authors: Bui Thuy Thanh , Nguyen Lan Thi
Published: February 2025

Addressing the challenge of scientific integrity in Vietnam requires a multifaceted approach, with library and information services serving as a cornerstone to ensure rigorous and ethical research practices. This study aims to explore the perspectives of academics and students on library and information services in research and the importance of university activities in fostering scientific integrity in Vietnam’s higher education institutions. We used a quantitative research method to collect data from 647 lecturers and students through a questionnaire. The main result of this study shows that respondents gave a below-average rating to the quality of library and information services for research, with an average score of just 2.96. In contrast, they highly valued the importance of university activities—such as policies and procedures, support services and tools, and other programs—in promoting scientific integrity, with average scores exceeding 4.12. The findings are of interest to administrators, policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders aiming to offer and enhance the quality of library and information services for developing scientific integrity in Vietnamese universities.
Effective daylighting in buildings—part 1
Authors: Selkowitz Stephen
Published: February 2025

“Skills in daylighting design analysis have been rediscovered after 20 years of dormancy, but the experience which must temper knowledge to produce effective results is frequently lacking.”
Wncn in New York
Authors: Manners Lee , Stockman Judith
Published: February 2025

Task/ambient lighting offers a warmth and restrained formality befitting the music of Bach and Bartok
Integration of 3D printed GelMA in rat liver: A pilot study
Authors: Suresh Sangeetha , Shenoy Sachin J , Sekar J Anupama , Harikrishnan VS , Sabareeswaran A , Senthilkumar M , Kasoju Naresh , Velayudhan Shiny , Anil Kumar PR
Published: February 2025

Liver transplantation is the only treatment for patients with end-stage liver diseases yet the limited availability of donor organs greatly restricts this treatment option. One innovative approach to mitigate this challenge involves biofabrication of tissues through 3D Bioprinting technology. Gelatin Methacrylamide (GelMA), a modified form of gelatin is one of the extensively studied hydrogel for bioprinting of soft tissues. This study reports a non-cytotoxic, printable bioink formulation composed of 10% GelMA, 3% Gelatin and 0.25% LAP (GelMA-G-L). We have studied the in vivo integration of the 3D printed construct within rat liver tissue following upto a 30-days implantation period. Histological examination revealed that the 3D printed GelMA-G-L construct had successfully integrated with the surrounding liver tissue, displaying adequate vascularization with no indications of adverse immune responses or rejection signs.
Familism and Family Violence in Mexico
Authors: Gutiérrez Olivares Nancy , Goyes David R. , Sandberg Sveinung
Published: February 2025

Families are integral to the organization of Mexican society. In a context where the State is absent or weak, the family serves as a social safety net and is pivotal for everything from housing to paid work. As the structural backbone of Mexican society, the family exists within a widespread cultural representation denominated as familism, often characterized by a culture of conflict avoidance, tight relationships, mutual support, and self-sacrifice for the well-being of the family. In other words, the family contributes to a more harmonious society. But organizing society around the family also has a shadow side. Using data from repeat interviews with 50 incarcerated persons in Mexico, we show how family dynamics and the associated culture of familism are tied to abusive domestic relationships—phenomena that are critical to understanding family violence in Mexico. We explore the many links between familism and family violence by an in-depth look at four closely intertwined familism processes that facilitate victimization: preventing victims from disclosing family violence; preventing the family from denouncing violence against one of its members; the victim remaining with the family despite the abuse; and the victim being forced to remain in abusive relationships. These four ways that family structures play into victimization within the family are not exclusive to Mexico or other countries shaped historically by familism, but the cultural and discursive structures of familism amplify them.
Perceiving Topological Relations
Authors: Yousif Sami R. , Brannon Elizabeth M.
Published: February 2025

There are many ways to describe and represent the visuospatial world. A space can be described by its euclidean properties—the size of objects, the angles of boundaries, the distances between them. A space can also be described in nonspatial terms: One could explain the layout of a city by the order of its streets. Somewhere in between, topological representations—such as those commonly depicted in public-transit maps—capture coarse relational structure without precise euclidean detail, offering a relatively efficient, low-dimensional way of capturing spatial content. Here, we ask whether human adults quickly and automatically perceive such relations. In six experiments, we show that differences in simple topological features influence a range of visual tasks from object matching to number estimation to visual search. We discuss the possibility that topological relations are a kind of visual primitive that supports visuospatial representation.