bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic analysis of silver-fir populations in the North Carpathian and Sudeten Mountains
Authors: Mejnartowicz Leon
Published: April 2013

Seeds collected from individual trees in the 16 Carpathian and 2 Sudeten silver-fir (Abies alba) populations were studied with the starch gel electrophoresis in megagametophytes using 14 enzyme systems with 28 loci. The results show that the geographical distance between populations are in a small part reflected in genetic distances. There are two main groups of populations: Sudeten and Carpathian with a very big genetic distance between them. Other populations consist of a few small groups with low gene flow between them (Nm = 3.286). About 80% of genetic variation is located within populations (FST = 0.223). Average values for genetic multiplicity and diversity for Carpathian populations are as follows: number of alleles per locus: Na = 2.308, with effective number of alleles Ne = 1.552 and proportion of polymorphic loci 71.21%. The mean number of alleles per locus (Na) varied from 2.107 to 2.607 in population. The mean effective number of alleles per locus (Ne) ranged from 1.429 to 1.662. Average Fis for Carpathian populations was -0.021, which means that there is small excess of heterozygotes. The average observed heterozygosity amounted to Ho = 0.275 and expected heterozygosity was He = 0.269. The dendrogram structure and presence of rare alleles found in silver-fir of Czech, and Slovakian populations allow for a hypothesis that in postglaciation the silver-fir moved into the Polish Carpathians not westward from the east but from the south along river valleys from some Balkan refuges, getting North bypassing the High Tatra Range. This way, a highly diversified set of populations originated, differ in the presence of rare alleles. This differentiation is not prevented by a relatively small flow of genes between populations. The calculated gene flow Nm = 3.286 also indicates isolation between the populations. It means 3.3 immigrants per generation into the studied populations.
Pollen morphology of Plantago species native to Poland and their taxonomic implications
Authors: Klimko Małgorzata , Idzikowska Krystyna , Truchan Mariola , Kreft Anna
Published: April 2013

Pollen grains of 9 species of the genus Plantago (Plantaginaceae), including 8 taxa native to Poland, were observed under a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Descriptions of grain sculpture are illustrated only SEM micrographs. The studied pollen grains were medium-sized or small, spherical or prolate spheroidal. Their sculpture was always verrucate with granulation. In the studied taxa, internal apertures had the form of pores. Their number ranged from (4)5-9(14). The pores were scattered on the surface of pollen grains. Identification features of individual taxa include: presence or absence of an annulus around each pore, annulus structure, ornamentation of the pollen grain and operculum, type of aperture membrane, number of internal pores, and pore diameter. We suggest that two new pollen grain types, characteristic of P. intermedia and P. arenaria, should be distinguished, and that P. alpina should be assigned to the P. coronopus type.
Analysis of lipophilic fraction from leaves, inflorescences and rhizomes of Silphium perfoliatum L.
Authors: Kowalski Radosław
Published: April 2013

This paper presents a qualitative and quantitative chromatographic analysis (GC/MS) of the lipophilic fraction extracted from leaves, inflorescences and rhizomes of Silphium perfoliatum L. collected in 1998-2000. It was shown that the extracts of leaves and inflorescences are similar in composition, containing among their main constituents: α-amyrine (up to 13.9% of total components in leaves, up to 11.3% in inflorescences), heptacosane (up to 7.1% in leaves, up to 7.6% in inflorescences), stigmasterol (up to 8.1% in leaves, up to 2.2% in inflorescences), γ-sitosterol (up to 6.9% in leaves, up to 2.2% in inflorescences), β-amyrine (up to 4.1% in leaves, up to 5.8% in inflorescences), β-caryophyllene (up to 2.6% in leaves, up to 1.5% in inflorescences), caryophyllene oxide (up to 4.4% in leaves, up to 2.9% in inflorescences), germacrene D (up to 13.8% in leaves, up to 9.7% in inflorescences) and α-pinene (up to 3.3% in leaves, up to 2.4% in inflorescences). The chemical composition of lipophilic extract of rhizomes significantly differs from that of leaves and inflorescences. The following compounds can be counted among the dominant ones occurring in rhizome extracts: diterpene of labdane type - 16-acetoxycarterochaetol (up to 45%) and sesquiterpenes - 7-b-H-silphiperfol-5-ene (up to 9.1%), 7-a-H-silphiperfol-5-ene (up to 10.7%), d-elemene (up to 7.6%), isocomene (up to 5.6%), germacrene D (up to 5.2%) and modhephene (up to 5.1%).
In vitro cultures of Salvia officinalis L. as a source of antioxidant compounds
Authors: Grzegorczyk Izabela , Bilichowski Ireneusz , Mikiciuk-Olasik Elżbieta , Wysokińska Halina
Published: April 2013

The concentrations of carnosic acid, carnosol and rosmarinic acid in different materials from differentiated (multiple shoot cultures and regenerated plants) and undifferentiated (callus and cell suspension) in vitro cultures of Salvia officinalis were determined by HPLC. The results suggested that diterpenoid (carnosic acid and carnosol) production is closely related to shoot differentiation. The highest diterpenoid yield (11.4 mg g-1 for carnosic acid and 1.1 mg g-1 for carnosol) was achieved in shoots of 10-week-old micropropagated plants. The levels were comparable to those found in shoots of naturally growing plants. Undifferentiated callus and cell suspension cultures produced only very low amounts of carnosol (ca. 0.05 mg g-1 of dry weight). In contrast, content of rosmarinic acid in callus and suspension cultures as well as shoots growing in vitro and in vivo was similar and ranged between 11.2 and 18.6 mg g-1 of dry weight.
Identification of the Polish strains of Chalara ovoidea using RAPD molecular markers
Authors: Kowalski Tadeusz , Kraj Wojciech
Published: April 2013

On the basis of morphological features and RAPD markers the strains of Chalara ovoidea found in Poland on planks and on stems of beech trees were identified. As reference strains the cultures taken from CBS Utrecht were employed; they were cultures CBS 354.76 and CBS 136.88. The amplification of genomic DNA was conducted using 10 primers (OPA01-OPA10), 7 of which (OPA01-OPA05, OPA09, OPA10) gave positive results. In total 42 fragment of DNA (bands) were obtained. In case of primers OPA03, OPA04, OPA05, and OPA09 all obtained fragments for analyzed strains were fully monomorphic. This means, that no genetic variability was found using the above mentioned primers. Low genetic variability was ascertained in the analysis of frequency of occurrence of DNA fragments using other primers, namely OPA01, OPA02, and OPA10. The matrix and dendrogram of genetic affinities among different strains of Chalara, calculated using the Jaccard’s similarity coefficient suggested, that the most similar strains are the ones coming from Poland (HMIPC 16136 and HMIPC16664) as well as the strain CBS 136.88, while somewhat different from them is the strain CBS 354.76. To determine, how exactly did the dendrogram reflect genetic affinity among analyzed strains, the Mantel’s test was employed. The correlation coefficient amounted to 0.78, suggesting that the strains under study had been grouped properly. The results showed, that the fungal strains found in southern Poland represent the species Chalara ovoidea.
Diversity and numbers of root-nodule bacteria (rhizobia) in Polish soils
Authors: Martyniuk Stefan , Oroń Jadwiga , Martyniuk Maria
Published: April 2013

Using a sand pouch-plant infection method, populations of several species of root-nodule bacteria (rhizobia) were enumerated in eighty soils collected throughout Poland. Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae (symbionts of pea, faba bean, vetch) and R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii (symbionts of clover) were detected in 77 and 76 soils, respectively. Most of these soils contained moderate and high numbers of these species of the rhizobia. Symbionts of beans, R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli, were assessed in 76 soils; of this number 15 soils had no detectable populations of bean rhizobia and in 40 soils high or moderate numbers of these bacteria were found. Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus), root-nodule bacteria of lupine and serradella, were absent in 19 soils, out of 80 tested, and 34 soils were colonised by high or moderate populations of bradyrhizobia. Sinorhizobium meliloti, rhizobia nodulating alfalfa, were sparse in the examined soils; with 56 soil containing no detectable numbers of S. meliloti and only 6 soils harbouring high or moderate populations of this species. The estimated numbers of the rhizobia in the studied soils were also related to some physical and chemical properties of these soils.
Carbon isotope distribution along pine needles (Pinus nigra Arnold)
Authors: Barszczowska Lidia , Jędrysek Mariusz Orion
Published: April 2013

In this paper we show spatial carbon isotope variations in black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) needles, collected in spring 2001 and autumn 2003, from trees at the coast of south-western Croatia island (Žirje) and southern Spain (Benalmadena near Malaga), respectively. Needles were segmented perpendicularly to the longer axis (base, middle and top) and each segment was analysed separately. d13C values in needles from Croatia varied between -26.65‰ to -24.43‰ (2 months old needles) and from -28.25‰ to -25.21‰ (1 year old needles), while d13C values in needles from Spain varied from -27.58‰ to -25.27‰. The difference between d13Cb (base) and d13Ct (top) in the same needle (D13Cb-t) varied from 1.85 to 2.05‰ (in young needles from Croatia), from 0,02 to 1,80‰ (young needles from Spain), and 1.16 to 2.32‰, (in old needles from Croatia). The average D13Cb-t values were 0.78‰ and 1.73‰ in Spain and Croatia, respectively. In each needle the base of the needle was always 13C-enriched as compared to the top of the same needle. This evidences that carbon isotopes are not retranslocated after its fixation into the leaf structure (after the growth process is over). Temperature variation was most probably negligible for the discovered intraneedle carbon isotope distribution. Although, the intraneedle carbon isotope inhomogeneity can be partly the result of seasonal variation in d13C of atmospheric CO2, most probably the remarkably high D13Cb-t values, and regular pattern, are predominantly resulting from isotopic and chemical composition of primary and secondary products contained in the growin part of needle and kinetic isotope fractionation during decomposition of storage materials at the base.
Do small-scale gaps in calcareous grassland swards facilitate seedling establishment?
Authors: Bąba Wojciech , Kompała-Bąba Agnieszka
Published: April 2013

In this study we analyzed gaps originated in different seasons of the year vs. places of close vegetation in calcareous grasslands in terms of their suitability for seedling germination and establishment. Gaps, irrespective of the time of their origin, significantly promoted seedling emergence as compared with close swards. However, the season of gap creation influenced the rate of seedling germination/emergence. Seedlings occurred more frequently in autumn and spring gaps than in the summer ones. The highest mean number of seedlings and of their species were noted in autumn openings. However, the subsequent survival of seedlings in autumn gaps was low. On the contrary, in spring gaps juveniles occurred with the significantly highest mean number, frequency and species richness. The above results pointed to the positive, although very limited role of artificially created gaps as places favouring seedlings establishment.
Carex secalina (Cyperaceae), a species critically endangered in Europe: from propagule germination to propagule production
Authors: Żukowski Waldemar , Lembicz Marlena , Olejniczak Paweł , Bogdanowicz Agnieszka , Chmiel Julian
Published: April 2013

The size and reproduction ability of the three field populations of Carex secalina Willd. ex Wahlenb. have been assessed. In the parallel garden study selected traits from the life history of the species have been studied, such as age at first reproduction, fertility, the size of seeds, their germination ability and size of seedlings. The populations of C. secalina discovered in Poland in 2000 are characterised by small abundance and small area. All individuals from the three populations in the garden produced generative shoots in the third year of life. Statistically significant differences between the populations were found in the production of shoots with unisexual spikes and bisexual ones, the latter had not been reported in the hitherto literature on the species. The seeds started germinating after a 6-months rest. The first seedlings were observed in the first decade of May. The largest seedlings were noted in the population producing the smallest seeds. The results contribute to explaining the renewal of the populations of this species in the field.
Contribution to the characteristic of Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl population in the initial zone of floating mat on an oligo-humotrophic lake in north-eastern Poland
Authors: Namura-Ochalska Anna
Published: April 2013

In the initial phase of growth in an oligo-humotrophic lake, Cladium mariscus forms a dense and tall sawgrass bed invading the open water in the form of a floating mat. High densities of submerged evergreen perennial stems of C. mariscus, over two metres high and abundantly fruiting, ensure its persistence, and form a natural barrier to the invasion of other species. Dense mats of sawgrass are formed as a result of clonal and rhizome growth. Although diaspore production is abundant under natural conditions, only vegetative propagation of stems was observed. In different variants of the experiment only seeds wintering on stems of mother plants were capable of germinating. Hard seed coats had an important effect on the germination capacity of seeds.
Localization and activity of lipoxygenase in Cd-treated seedlings of Phaseolus coccineus
Authors: Skórzyńska-Polit Ewa , Pawlikowska-Pawlęga Bożena , Szczuka Ewa , Plak Andrzej , Melke Jerzy
Published: April 2013

Lipoxygenase was localized in the primary leaves of Phaseolus coccineus (L.), seedlings treated with 25 µM Cd and in control plants using the immunogold method. The enzyme was localized mainly in the peripheral parts of protoplast of control plant cells. It was found in the cell wall, along the ER elements, at plastid lamellae and inside the mitochondria. In Cd-treated seedlings the elements of parenchyma cells showed an atypical inner structure. The immunolabelling of LOX was less intensive in comparison with control. The enzyme was found in the cytoplasm, at the cell wall area, vacuoles and in the plastid stroma as single gold particles. LOX activity optima were determined at pH 7.0 and 8.0 for both linoleic and linolenic acid used as substrates. After 2 days of seedlings exposure to Cd the activity of LOX decreased at pH 7.0 and 8.0 when linoleic acid was used as substrate, and strongly declined at pH 7.0 after 4 days of the metal treatment. When linolenic acid was the substrate LOX activity slightly increased after 2 days of the plants exposure to Cd, but after 4 days it rapidly decreased at pH 7.0. The changes in LOX activity are discussed.
Fatty acids composition in fruits of wild rose species
Authors: Nowak Renata
Published: April 2013

The oil content and fatty acids profile of a number of Polish wild species of rose fruits were examined by GC. The total fatty acid contents ranged from 6.5% to 12.9% of dry mass in fruits. The composition of oils was similar in the investigated species. 17 components were identified. An average composition was estimated as follows: linoleic acid (44.4-55.7%), a-linolenic acid (18.6-31.4%), oleic acid (13.5-20.3%), palmitic acid (2.3-3.3%), stearic acid (1-2.5%), octadecenoic acid (0.38-0.72%), eicosenoic acid (0.3-0.7%), eicosadienoic acid (0-0.16%), erucic acid (0.03-0.17%) and minor fatty acids. The results indicate that rose fruits are a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids, especially in R. rubiginosa, R. rugosa and R. dumalis. There were statistically significant (p<0.05) differences in fatty acid compositions of some species. Fatty acids were suggested to have a potential chemotaxonomic value in this genus.
Juvenile wood volume and its proportion to stem volume vs. selected biometric features of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees
Authors: Tomczak Arkadiusz , Pazdrowski Witold , Kupczyk Grzegorz , Jelonek Tomasz
Published: April 2013

The aim of the study was to determine whether there is a correlation between breast height diameter, tree height and stem total volume of Scots pines, on the one hand, and volume and proportion of juvenile wood, on the other. The investigations comprised pure pine stands of the IInd, IIIrd, IVth and Vth age classes developed in conditions of fresh mixed coniferous forest. A distinct curvilinear correlation was found between volume and proportion of juvenile wood in tree stems and breast height diameter, height and stem total volume. Because of high values of determination coefficients (R2), which characterised the above-mentioned correlations, it seems appropriate to use these regularities to assess the quality of the timber raw material regarding the proportions of its volume and juvenile wood in stems of Scots pine trees.
Exogenously applied D-pinitol and D-chiro-inositol modifies the accumulation of α-D-galactosides in developing tiny vetch (Vicia hirsuta [L.] S.F. Gray) seeds
Authors: Lahuta Lesław B. , Horbowicz Marcin , Gojło Ewa , Goszczyńska Joanna , Górecki Ryszard J.
Published: April 2013

In the present study we have investigated the effect of exogenous cyclitols on the accumulation of their galactosides and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), as well as on some enzymes important for their biosynthesis in seeds of tiny vetch (Vicia hirsuta [L.] S.F. Gray). Immature seeds during 6-day incubation with D-chiro-inositol (naturally does not appear in seeds of tiny vetch) were accumulated cyclitol and its galactosides (fagopyritols: B1 and B2). Short 4-hour incubation with D-chiro-inositol, and subsequent slow desiccation process caused accumulation of free cyclitol only, without biosynthesis of its galactosides. Feeding D-chiro-inositol to pods of tiny vetch induced accumulation of high levels of its galactosides (fagopyritol B1, B2 and B3) in maturing seeds. Similarly, feeding D-pinitol increased accumulation of its mono-, di- and tri-galactosides: GPA, GPB, DGPA and TGPA in tiny vetch seed. Accumulation of both cyclitols and their galactosides drastically reduced accumulation of verbascose. Inhibition of RFOs biosynthesis by elevated levels of free cyclitols suggests some competition between formation of both types of galactosides and similarity of both biosynthetic routes in tiny vetch seeds. Galactinol synthase (GolS) from tiny vetch seeds demonstrated ability to utilize D-chiro-inositol as galactosyl acceptor, instead of myo-inositol. Presence of both cyclitols, as substrates for GolS, caused synthesis of their galactosides: fagopyritol B1 and galactinol. However, formation of galactinol was more efficient than fagopyritol B1. D-chiro-Inositol and D-pinitol at concentrations several-fold higher than myo-inositol had inhibitory effect on GolS. Thus, we suggest that a level of free cyclitols can have an influence on the rate of galactinol biosynthesis and further accumulation of RFOs and galactosyl cyclitols in tiny vetch seeds.
Pollen morphology of Rosa gallica L. (Rosaceae) from Southern Poland
Authors: Wrońska-Pilarek Dorota , Boratyńska Krystyna
Published: April 2013

The morphology of pollen grains of Rosa gallica was studied on the basis of material from 15 natural localities in southern Poland. It was ascertained that the diagnostic features of pollen grains of R. gallica were: the presence of deep, often Y-shaped striae in a linear arrangement; numerous perforations of various, rather big diameters on the bottom of striae; the occurrence of operculum on the membrane of ectocolpus; the presence of costae ectocolpi and fastigium in the area of endopori. The most significant differences among the particular samples studied concern the shape of grains. The differences between pollen grains of 15 individuals of Rosa gallica from southern Poland are generally slight. The most discriminating measured character is length of equatorial axis of pollen grain and length of ectocolpi and thickness of exine along polar axis. The remaining differentiate the individuals with smaller significance. The differences between Silesian samples and all the other examined ones may result from origin of different Pleistocene refugia.
Plant communities with Pinus mugo (alliance Pinion mugo) in the subalpine belt of the Western Carpathians - a numerical approach
Authors: Šibík Jozef , Valachovič Milan , Kliment Ján
Published: April 2013

A syntaxonomical revision of plant communities with dominant Pinus mugo in the Western Carpathians is presented. The data set of 341 relevés was examined and analysed using the detrended correspondence analysis and the cluster analysis. Major gradients and clusters were interpreted using Ellenberg’s indicator values. The major gradient in species composition was associated with available nutrients and moisture. The authors suggest distinguishing the dwarf pine stands of the supramontanous and subalpine belts of the Western Carpathians referred to the alliance Pinion mugo Pawłowski in Pawłowski et al. 1928 of the order Junipero-Pinetalia mugo Boşcaiu 1971 and the class Roso pendulinae-Pinetea mugo Theurillat in Theurillat et al. 1995, into three separate associations: the Cetrario-Pinetum mugo Hadač 1956, the Homogyno alpinae-Pinetum mugo (Sillinger 1933) nom. nov., and the Adenostylo alliariae-Pinetum mugo (Sillinger 1933) Šoltésová 1974. The authors also elucidated the unauthorized name of the association Vaccinio myrtilli-Pinetum mugo Hadač 1956, which is a younger homonym of the valid name of the association Vaccinio myrtilli-Pinetum montanae Morton 1927 that characterises the acidophilous dwarf pine stands on calcareous bedrocks in the Alps.
Improvement of growth parameters of prune callus cultures destined to initiate celi suspensions
Authors: Hanus-Fajerska Ewa
Published: April 2013

Callus was inducted on wounded leaf explants from shoot tips of a particular Prunus domestica 'Węgierka Zwykła' clone cultivated in vitro. The improvement of Sweet Common Prune stock callus tissue parameters has been approached by experiments on culture protocols. Either for the induction or maintenance of tissue modified Murashige and Skoog medium, supplemented with different auxins and cytokinins at varying concentrations, was used. The goal was to obtain the highiest possible proliferative capacity of friable tissue without any signs of cell redifferentiation for about 10 weeks. The choice of auxin was an important factor regulating the rate and kind of tissue growth, and for the examined prune clone auxin alone brought a relatively small proportion of cells into division, so advantageous was to combine it with oxygenated cytokinin. Friable tissue was obtained on media supplemented with dicamba or with picloram, but not with 2.4-D neither alone nor combinated with IBA.
Somatic seeds of Plantago asiatica L.
Authors: Andrzejewska-Golec Emilia , Makowczyńska Joanna
Published: April 2013

Somatic seeds of Plantago asiatica L. were produced for the first time. Shoot-tips isolated from in vitro obtained 4-week shoots were encapsulated using sodium alginate and calcium chloride. Capsules with or without sucrose and with and without cytokinin - indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were used. Sucrose presence in capsules very distinctly influences somatic seeds of Plantago asiatica germination and their conversion into plants. However, addition of IBA to capsules has not clear influence on the ability of plant regrowth. Plantlets transplanted to soil grew to phenotypically normal plants.
Changes in the ascorbate-glutathione system during storage of recalcitrant seeds of Acer saccharinum L.
Authors: Ratajczak Ewelina , Pukacka Stanisława
Published: April 2013

Two seed lots of Acer saccharinum (recalcitrant), with an initial moisture content of 50% and 55%, were stored at +3oC for 6 months. After this time, their viability (measured as germinability) reached 100% and 30%, respectively. In embryo axes and cotyledons extracted from seeds, two major low molecular antioxidants were assayed: ascorbate (ASA and DHA) and glutathione (GSH and GSSG); and activities of enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle were measured: ascorbate peroxidase (APO) (E.C. 1.11.1.11), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MR) (E.C. 1.6.5.4), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) (E.C. 1.8.5.1), and glutathione reductase (GR) (E.C. 1.6.4.2.). GSH and GSSG contents of embryo axes of stored seeds decreased, as compared to the control (fresh, non-stored seeds), but a larger decrease was observed in seeds with 30% viability. In cotyledons, a particularly high increase in the GSH content in relation to the control was observed in seeds with 100% viability, while the GSSG content was significantly lower in both stored seed lots than in the control. The ASA level was twice as high in seeds with 30% viability as in the control, both in embryo axes and in cotyledons. The activity of enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle was higher in embryo axes than in cotyledons. In embryo axes of seeds with 100% viability, enzyme activities were slightly lower than in the control, while in those of seeds with 30% viability, their activities were higher than in the control. The observed changes in activities of enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and in ascorbate and glutathione levels suggest that the stored seeds of A. saccharinum have an active antioxidant system, which plays an important role in maintaining their viability during storage.
Sterol composition from inflorescences of Hieracium pilosella L.
Authors: Krzaczek Tadeusz , Gawrońska-Grzywacz Monika
Published: April 2013

The fraction of sterol acetates from the inflorescences of Hieracium pilosella has been isolated in the typical way from petroleum ether extract. By means of the weight method the total amount of sterols was determined (0.2659%). The mixtures of sterol acetates and free sterols were investigated using GC-MS techniques. The occurrence of about 18 sterols has been observed. Cholesterol, cholest-8(14)-en-3b-ol, cholesta-5.7-dien-3b-ol, cholest-7-en-3b-ol, ergosta-5.24-dien-3b-ol, campesterol, stigmasterol, b-sitosterol, fucosterol, 5a-stigmast-7-en-3a-ol were identified. The probable structures of lophenol, isofucosterol, 5a-stigmasta-7.24-dien-3b-ol, lanosta-9(11).24-dien-3b-ol and 24-ethylidene lophenol were stated on the basis of literature data. The last 4 sterols occur in a vestigial quantity, which made its identification impossible. Sitos erol and cholesterol are remarkably dominating sterols in the fraction.
Relationship and genetic diversity of mistletoe (Viscum album L.) subspecies
Authors: Mejnartowicz Leon
Published: April 2013

With the help of 21 putative isoenzyme loci, the genetic diversity and variations of Viscum album ssp. album L. from 42 species, subspecies, varieties and hybrids of broadleaf trees, Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollmann, from 4 populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Viscum album ssp. abietis (Wiesb.) Abromeit, from 8 populations of European silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) were analyzed. On the dendrogram, the three investigated subspecies form three clusters, each clearly separated from the other, so we suggest a revision of the systematic nomenclature proposed to take into consideration a return to an earlier system of dividing the European mistletoe into three species: Viscum album L., Viscum abietis Beck, and Viscum laxum Boiss. et Reut. From among the 21 tested loci only one locus, SOD-A, was monomorphic. The average number of actual alleles (Na) and effective alleles (Ne) was 2.23 and 1.61 respectively. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) varied from 0.199 in V. album ssp. abietis to 0.345 in the V.a. ssp. album populations. Average FST = 0.277 indicates that about 28% of genetic differentiation is due to an interpopulation diversity of Viscum album populations. There is a small gene flux between Viscum album populations with only one immigrant successfully entering a population per two generations (Nm = 0,653).
Variation in stage structure and fitness traits between road verge and meadow populations of Colchicum autumnale (Liliaceae): Effects of habitat quality
Authors: Mróz Lucyna
Published: April 2013

The frequency distribution and density of three life stages as well as fitness components of the perennial plant Colchicum autumnale growing in the unmanaged road verges and in the extensive mown and grazed meadows in the Sudeten Mts. were studied. Furthermore, investigated were the effects of population size and plant size (measured as number of flowers) on reproductive success and explored if variation in reproductive and vegetative traits of adults could be associated with soil characteristics. The t-test indicated that proportions of subadults and reproductive adults were significantly lower in verge than in meadow populations, and of vegetative adults significantly higher. The plant density of reproductive adults and the reproductive adults to all adults ratio were significantly lower in verge populations compared to meadow populations. Although habitat type accounted for significant variation in stage structure, no significant difference was found between vegetative and reproductive traits in adult plants, except for the number of flowers. In verge populations the number of flowers was significantly lower as compared to meadow populations. The traits related to reproduction were not significantly influenced by population size. However, the proportion of flowers setting fruit decreased significantly with increasing number of flowers. The stepwise multiple regression revealed significant relationships between soil characteristics and number of fruits per plant, fruit set, number seeds per plant and number of leaves in vegetative adults. The results suggest that the creation of the low and relatively open vegetation cover could increase the chance of persistence of C. autumnale living in verge habitats by promoting of seed germination, seedling establishment and flowering, and they also show that the reproductive success and vegetative components of fitness are most likely influenced by habitat quality.
In vitro morphogenic events in culture of Lotus corniculatus L. seedling root explants
Authors: Rybczyński Jan J. , Karolkowska Marta , Kaczmarek Zygmunt , Mikuła Anna , Fiuk Agnieszka
Published: April 2013

The experiments were carried out on Lotus corniculatus (L.) seedling root explants of the cultivar varieties Skrzeszowicka, Caroll A10 and strain 175. Callus formation and shoot regeneration were the major explant response depended mainly on of the studied genotype and used plant growth regulators (PGRs). Primary cortex of proximal and distal end of explant was the most active tissue for callus proliferation. For shoot primordia differentiation deeper zones of cortex took a part. The process of meristematic centre initiation was not uniform and various level of shoot differentiation events were observed not earlier than 3 weeks of culture. Usually, the shoot primordia regeneration began on proximal rather than distal end of the explant. BAP rather than urea derivatives stimulated shoot proliferation in extended cultures. Increasing of BAP and TDZ concentrations brought about the explant polarity and expansion of the meristematic zones. The explant position in root did not have significant influence on the number of regenerated shoots. The cultures only had better bud formation by TDZ when compared to BAP. BAP stimulated bud formation and development of the shoots from them. Short term of TDZ treatment of explants stimulated meristem formation which developed into buds and shoots. CPPU stimulated callus proliferation and bud formation when explants pretreatment was prolonged from 12 to 36 hrs.
Redefinition of the genera Malaxis Sol. ex Sw. and Microstylis (Nutt.) Eaton (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae)
Authors: Szlachetko Dariusz L. , Margońska Hanna B.
Published: April 2013

A new definition of the genera Malaxis Sol. ex Sw. and Microstylis (Nutt.) Eaton is presented. The genera are briefly described and illustrated. A list of Microstylis species is added. Four new nomenclatural combinations are proposed.
Morphological variability of leaves of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz in Poland
Authors: Bednorz Leszek
Published: April 2013

This paper presents the results of the study on morphological variability of leaves of a scattered tree species Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz) in Poland. The leaves from short- and long shoots were collected from 17 localities widespread within the range of the species in Poland. Leaves were measured according to 15 morphological traits. The biometric data were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis in attempt to define variability between local populations. Most of the leaf traits are significantly correlated and are characterised by moderate level of variation. The average among population component of variation was 32.82% and 27.46% for leaves on short- and long shoots, respectively. The differences between sampled populations are significant, but only a weak geographical pattern of this differentiation was detected. Clinal type of variation was ascertained in two traits. Leaf traits which discriminate best the studied populations are also indicated. It was proved that leaves on short shoots differ markedly in shape and size from those of long shoots. Leaves on long shoots are steadier, but morphological trait values are less correlated. The study also confirmed the occurrence of individuals with leaves characteristic for S. torminalis var. perincisa Borbas et Feck and S. torminalis f. mollis Beck in a few Polish populations.
Species diversity of segetal plant communities in the early Neolithic settlement area of the Ślęża Landscape Park
Authors: Anioł-Kwiatkowska Jadwiga , Kącki Zygmunt
Published: April 2013

The paper contains results of investigations carried out in crop fields within the protected area, which is an important refuge of species diversity in grounds dominated by large-area farms. The segetal vegetation is represented by 13 plant communities, the development of which is influenced by various tillage manipulations. As a result, the segetal flora of the Ślęża Landscape Park is heavily threatened and the structure and species richness of phytocoenoses are distinctly transformed. This is reflected in the frequency of weed occurrence in crops (i.e. there is a small group of common species and a very numerous group of species with 1 or 2 localities), as well as in values of biocoenotic indicators, e.g. the values of diversity indicator H vary between 1 and 3.5. An analysis of archaeophytes participation (frequency and numbers) in ATPOL squares indicates their significant connection with archaeological sites of the Neolithic settlement. Particular adherence to the early Neolithic settlement areas shows a group of species from the Caucalidion alliance. The richness and diversity of the Park vegetation, conditioned by many hundreds of years of agriculture, are now strongly transformed and have become impoverished. Establishing the Landscape Park, in order to preserve the natural-landscape character of the environment and its cultural and historical values, does not ensure the protection of both the species and the phytocoenotic diversity of this area.
Seidenforchis - a new genus of Malaxidinae (Orchidaceae) from Thailand
Authors: Margońska Hanna B.
Published: April 2013

A new genus Seidenforchis of the subtribe Malaxidinae (Orchidaceae) from Southeast Asia is proposed. Three species are transferred from Crepidium to Seidenforchis. Keys for determination of Seidenforchis species and related genera of subtribe Malaxidinae from Asia, are proposed.
Morphological variability of the leaf epidermis in selected taxa of the genus Ficus L. (Moraceae) and its taxonomic implications
Authors: Klimko Małgorzata , Truchan Mariola
Published: April 2013

The leaf epidermis of 36 taxa (species, subspecies, varieties and cultivars) of the genus Ficus (subgenera Ficus, Synoecia, Sycomorus, Pharmacosycea and Urostigma) was observed under LM and SEM. Characteristics of the epidermis are of particular taxonomic as well as phylogenetic interest because they differ conspicuously between species. The differences are especially prominent in the size and shape of epidermal cells, the shape of cell walls, peristomatal cuticular rim, the distribution and position of stomata, lithocysts, hydathodes, trichomes, and the types of wax, cuticle and trichomes. Results of this study provided data on new qualitative and quantitative traits of the leaf epidermis in the selected taxa, and confirmed the classification suggested by Berg (1989).
Typhetum laxmannii (Ubrizsy 1961) Nedelcu 1968 - the new plant association in Poland
Authors: Nobis Marcin , Nobis Agnieszka , Nowak Arkadiusz
Published: April 2013

Typhetum laxmannii (Ubrizsy 1961) Nedelcu 1968 is a plant association new to Poland, built by an expansive kenophyte - Typha laxmannii Lepech. This paper presents the general distribution of both, the species and the association, paying particular attention to the area of Europe and Poland where, in recent years, many new locations as well as an increasing participation in vegetation cover have been observed. The habitat preferences of Typhetum laxmannii, the floristic composition of the association and its geographical differentiation within the occupied area are described. The current distribution of the association in Poland is presented on the cartogram map 10x10 km and possible expansion routes are suggested.
A saúde bucal masculina dos servidores públicos de Marília, São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Marconatto Maria Luiza Freire , Nogueira Catiane Maria , Almeida Caroline Brandão Pires , Pirolo Sueli Moreira
Published: April 2013

Este estudo aborda a saúde do homem no âmbito do cuidado da saúde bucal na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Tem como objetivo analisar o conhecimento e a adesão masculina aos cuidados de saúde bucal. O método utilizado foi um estudo transversal, descritivo, realizado no município de Marília, SP. Amostragem não probabilística por acessibilidade foi utilizada para o tamanho amostral, perfazendo 280 trabalhadores. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se a técnica de entrevista estruturada. Os dados foram processados pelo programa Epi-Info versão 6.0 e tratados por teste como qui quadrado. Este estudo permitiu compreender as limitações dos homens no cuidar da sua saúde bucal. As variáveis faixa etária, escolaridade e renda familiar, quando associadas às categorias hábitos alimentares, práticas de higiene e conhecimento sobre a saúde bucal, apresentaram alguns resultados significativos (p<0,05). Tais achados sinalizam a necessidade de investimento tanto em ações de promoção da saúde quanto em ações de prevenção de doenças bucais.
A importância do afeto na conduta do Médico de Família e Comunidade
Authors: Lopes José Mauro Ceratti , Curra Lêda Chaves Dias
Published: April 2013

O texto trata da utilização do afeto como ferramenta essencial na relação clínica que se estabelece na prática entre o Médico de Família e Comunidade (MFC) e as pessoas sob seus cuidados. Relação diferente do que acontece em outros cenários de prestação de cuidados à saúde. Entender o processo desta relação, identificar a troca de emoções que nela acontece, reconhecer as reações e dificuldades de forma consciente, torna o desfecho favorável, melhorando o cuidado prestado e a satisfação.
Conhecimento sobre hanseníase de contatos intradomiciliares na Atenção Primária em Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Sousa Lorena Margalho , Maranhão Lorena Colares , Pires Carla Andréa Avelar , Rodrigues Danielle de Moraes
Published: April 2013

Este relato buscou identificar o grau de conhecimento de contatos intradomiciliares de pacientes hansenianos tratados e acompanhados em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF) no município de Ananindeua-Pará. Após visitas domiciliares, aplicação de protocolo de pesquisa e exame físico, nenhum caso suspeito de hanseníase foi encontrado, no entanto, o conhecimento sobre a doença ainda é escasso, pois apenas 20% dos contatos responderam que se tratava de uma “doença de pele com cura”. Sobre a representação da doença para os entrevistados, 20% responderam ter “medo de contrair a doença”. Metade da amostra sabia a forma de transmissão e 10% não souberam emitir nenhuma resposta; 60% dos contatos responderam que a hanseníase deve ser tratada na unidade de saúde com medicamentos orais. Aqueles que receberam orientações prévias possuíam melhores esclarecimentos sobre a doença (50%). É preciso um acompanhamento adequado desses contatos, além de uma atuação mais efetiva em educação em saúde.
Prevalência de excesso de peso entre estudantes de ensino fundamental de escola pública e privada em Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Pardo Inês Maria , Mercadante Mariana Pacifico , Zanatta Mayara Franco , Ramos Valéria Cristina Santucci , Nascimento Sandra Dantas , Miranda José Eduardo Bueno
Published: April 2013

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em um grupo de estudantes e investigar se há correlacão entre IMC (índice de massa corporal) e renda familiar. Métodos: Estudo tipo transversal, realizado com 213 estudantes do ensino fundamental de escola pública (EPU) e privada (EPR), com idade entre 10 e 14 anos, aprovado pelo comitê de ética local e mediante assinatura do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido pelos estudantes e os responsáveis por eles. Os estudantes foram pesados e medidos e o IMC foi calculado; os dados foram avaliados com base  nos gráficos da OMS para IMC conforme o sexo. Os estudantes responderam ao questionário socioeconômico segundo o critério da ABEP. A análise dos dados foi realizada usando o programa SPSS. Foi adotado nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Prevalência global de excesso de peso (sobrepeso) na amostra estudada foi de 41,3%. Na comparação dos resultados isolados, a frequência de excesso de peso foi maior em alunos da escola particular (47,3%) do que nos da escola pública (32,1%), com significância estatística (p=0,03). A frequência de excesso de peso nos meninos da EPR foi maior do que nos da EPU (23,3% versus 14,3%; p=0,05). Nas meninas, verificou-se a mesma tendência, sem,  todavia, significância estatística (24,0% versus 17,9%; p=0,18). Houve correlação positiva entre IMC e renda familiar (r=0,14, p=0,04). Conclusão: Cerca de 40% dos estudantes entrevistados apresentaram excesso de peso, com prevalência maior entre os meninos da escola particular. É relevante o desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção da obesidade em todos os níveis da sociedade, pois há potenciais riscos à saúde na vida adulta.
Ser diabético na família e na sociedade: a avaliação do adolescente em Itajubá, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Faria Rodolfo Souza de , Pereira Camila Martins Fernandes , Pereira Maria Isabel Marques , Carvalho Marcus Vinicius de
Published: April 2013

Objetivo: Investigar a realidade de adolescentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 no convívio familiar e social na cidade de Itajubá, Minas Gerais. Métodos: O presente estudo utiliza uma abordagem qualitativa e transversal. Para a coleta dos dados foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada com 20 adolescentes, de 11 a 20 anos de idade, de ambos os gêneros, entre os meses de julho e setembro de 2011. Resultados: Identificamos uma diversidade de ideias em relação a como os adolescentes convivem com a doença no contexto familiar, as quais variam entre “difícil”, “ruim”, “complicado”, “normal”, “bom”, “acostumado” e “fácil”. Em relação à doença e ao convívio social, os resultados variam entre “difícil”, “normal”, “acostumado”, “complicado”, “ruim” e “depende”. Tanto para o contexto familiar como para o contexto social, a ideia mais citada foi “difícil”. Conclusões: Os resultados destacam que, na família, tais dificuldades são superadas quando comparadas às dificuldades no contexto social. Concluindo que o suporte do ambiente familiar é fundamental para um bom desenvolvimento do adolescente com diabetes frente aos problemas da doença.
Rastreamento do câncer de mama: as três luzes do semáforo
Authors: Santos José Agostinho
Published: April 2013

A interpretação do rastreamento do câncer de mama como um semáforo com três luzes convida a uma revisão rápida da evidência científica e à retenção dos principais pontos que esse procedimento revela. As recomendações a favor do rastreamento são produzidas por autores que conferem a ele uma luz verde, de avanço, porque acreditam que o saldo risco/benefício é favorável a sua aplicação em mulheres em idades-alvo e com risco médio. Mas, tal como a própria expressão risco/benefício sugere, existe um risco que deverá ser levado em conta no início do rastreamento, um alerta que assume a luz vermelha. É notório, pela evidência avaliada por autores independentes, que existe uma relação entre prós e contras (luz amarela). O papel de salvaguardar o equilíbrio dessa balança pertencerá, talvez, ao médico de família, cabendo, então, em última instância, à mulher em idade-alvo colocar o último peso sobre um dos dois pratos.
Ractopamine for Pigs: A Review about Nutritional Requirements
Authors: Aloízio Soares Ferreira  , Gregório Murilo de Oliveira Júnior  , Francisco Carlos de Oliveira Silva  , Rita Flávia Miranda de Oliveira  , Edney Pereira da Silva
Published: April 2013

Heavy weight pigs tend to deposit greater quantities of fat than protein. To work around this situation, ractopamine has been used in the finishing stage. In environments with moderate temperatures, ractopamine in pig diets in the finishing phase may increase rates of weight gain and improve feed efficiency without affecting feed intake. Ractopamine increases needs of pigs in terms of lysine, phosphorus and energy. The effects of ractopamine in pigs raised under conditions of heat stress have been observed in weight gain, feed efficiency and muscle deposition rate, but not on reducing the amount of fat in pigs weighing between 95.0 and 120.0 kg. Ractopamine has promoted the increase in quantity of meat on the carcass, without altering flavor and tenderness. The weight of some organs is affected by the use of ractopamine, especially in animals under conditions of heat stress. There is need for more research relating to the effects of ractopamine with the welfare of pigs with at least 95.0 kg.