bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION OF QUANTUM COMPUTING DEVICES
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after Kh. M. Berbekov, Nalchik, Russian Federation, Arvanova Saniyat M. , Talkhigova Khalimat S. ,   Kadyrov Chechen State University, Grozny, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the consideration of the fundamental principles of op-eration of quantum computing devices. Particular attention is paid to the key concepts of quan-tum mechanics, including superposition, entanglement and measurement of states, as well as their application in computing processes. The main types of qubits, quantum logic gates, princi-ples of constructing algorithms and hardware platforms for implementing quantum computing are described. Current problems, such as decoherence and error correction, as well as the pro-spects for using quantum computers in science, cryptography and modeling of complex systems are discussed.
DATA ANALYSIS IN PYTHON USING PANDAS AND MATPLOTLIB
Authors:   University of Electric Power Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam, Hau Nguyen Phuc
Published: January 2025

Data analysis using Python is becoming a key tool in modern data processing, providing high efficiency and flexibility. Pandas and Matplotlib tools allow not only to structure data and perform its preprocessing, but also to visualize complex relationships, revealing hidden patterns. This article discusses the key functions and capabilities of these libraries, their inte-gration in data analysis, as well as practical application for processing large arrays of infor-mation. The described approaches demonstrate the potential of Python for solving problems in various fields, including business analytics, scientific research and industrial diagnostics.
Artificial intelligence within medical diagnostics: A multi-disease perspective
Authors: Bin Akhtar Zarif
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a transformative technology in medical diagnostics, enabling enhanced analysis of complex clinical data and supporting precise, efficient decision-making across diverse disease areas. This study explores the multi-disease application of AI in diagnosing cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and infectious diseases, focusing on its role in improving diagnostic accuracy, speeding diagnostic processes, and facilitating early disease detection. By employing machine learning, deep learning, and neural network models, this study critically examines the performance of specific models – such as recurrent neural networks and support vector machines – in diverse healthcare contexts. Challenges addressed include data privacy, annotated dataset needs, overfitting risks, and ethical concerns such as AI bias and transparency, all of which are fundamental to ensuring patient safety and health equity. In addition, this study integrates security considerations, such as fault detection in cryptographic architectures, providing insights into the resilience of AI systems in healthcare. Future research directions, including the potential of AI in real-time patient monitoring, personalized medicine, and multispectral imaging, are proposed to expand AI’s utility in diagnostics. A comparative evaluation with traditional clinical diagnostics underscores AI’s validation potential, emphasizing its need for robust regulatory frameworks, particularly concerning global health standards (e.g., TRIPOD-AI and CONSORT-AI) and data privacy regulations such as Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and General Data Protection Regulation. Ultimately, AI-driven diagnostic systems show strong promise to revolutionize medical practice and improve patient outcomes, contingent on addressing the technical, ethical, and regulatory challenges involved. This research supports AI’s growing role in healthcare, providing a foundational understanding of both its current contributions and future potential across disease-specific applications.
Different diagnostic methods for biliary tract cancer: A review
Authors: Yakub Zakariya Abdi , Aebisher David , Woźnicki Paweł , Łabądź Justyna Magdalena , Myśliwiec Angelika , Dynarowicz Klaudia , Bartusik-Aebisher Dorota
Published: January 2025

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a primary malignant tumor originating from the epithelium of the bile duct mucosa. It is the second most common primary tumor of the liver and biliary tract. Based on tumor location, CCA is classified as intrahepatic and extrahepatic. Clinical diagnosis relies on imaging techniques (ultrasonography, computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), while the final diagnosis is confirmed through histopathological examination of biopsy, brush swab, or post-operative samples. Imaging plays a critical role in diagnosing, staging, and guiding the treatment of biliary cancers. Key imaging methods include magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRI with MRCP), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), and positron emission tomography (PET). Selecting the most suitable diagnostic tool is challenging due to the distinct properties of each method, which are tailored to different diseases and stages of diagnosis or treatment. For example, MRCP provides superior visualization of biliary tract narrowing/dilatation compared to direct cholangiography (ERC) and is more effective in assessing tumor extent. Ultrasound is useful for initial evaluation of bile duct and gallbladder tumors and for identifying bile duct dilatation. CT is effective for detecting focal lesions and staging cancer progression, while MRI is considered the gold standard for tumor visualization. EUS offers a detailed assessment of extrahepatic bile ducts, gallbladder, hepatic hilar structures, local lymph nodes, and vessels. Although ERC allows biopsy or smear collection, it does not assess tumor extent. PET is valuable for detecting distant metastases, monitoring treatment efficacy, and evaluating recurrence. This review focuses on the role of various imaging techniques in the diagnosis, staging, treatment response prediction, and therapy of CCA.
Dietary intake of esophageal cancer survivors in Ireland: Adherence to recommendations and comparison to general population
Authors: Quigley Elaine , O’Kelly Rachel , Byrne Katie , A. Kareem Mistura , Ni Mhaoinigh Niamh , Healy Paul , Fanning Michelle , V. Reynolds John , L. Donohoe Claire , L. Doyle Suzanne
Published: January 2025

The curative treatment for esophageal cancer (EC) is esophagectomy, a procedure which modifies the capacity to normally metabolize food. Post-esophagectomy, individuals may struggle with food intake, malabsorption, weight loss, and gastrointestinal issues, negatively impacting their quality of life (QOL). Despite the increasing survival rate of EC patients, little is still known about their dietary intake pattern over the course of long-term survivorship. This study aims to explore the nutritional intake of EC survivors, comparing it to the general Irish population and recommended standards. Male EC survivors were recruited from St James’s Hospital and completed a detailed food diary over 7 days. Diaries were analyzed using nutritics and nutrient intakes were compared to the National Adult Nutrition Survey cohort. A modified World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) score was created to assess adherence to the WCRF recommendations for cancer prevention. QOL scores were calculated using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer guidelines. Twenty-eight participants completed food diaries. EC survivors had significantly lower intakes of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, sugar, Vitamin E, and alcohol compared to the general population. Participants scored 2.99/6 on the WCRF score, with particularly poor adherence to fruit/vegetable, fiber, and red/processed meat guidelines. While 10.7% of the cohort were obese, 57.1% experienced >10% weight loss in >6 months. QOL results indicated deficits in physical and functional capacity among EC survivors compared to population norms. EC survivors have numerous nutritional deficits, alongside reduced physical and functional status. It is evident that continued dietary advice is needed long-term in EC survivorship to optimize diet quality, thus reducing the risk of cancer recurrence and all-cause mortality and improving QOL.
Incorporating textbook outcomes in the audit of pelvic exenterations
Authors: Boldo-Roda Enrique , Mayol-Oltra Araceli , Lozoya-Albacar Rafael , Catala-Llosa Jesus , Coronado-DeFrias Olga , Safont-Ros Maria , Mingarro-DeLeon Maria , Morillo-Macias Virginia
Published: January 2025

Locally advanced pelvic tumors often require pelvic exenteration (PE) to achieve R0 resection, highlighting the critical role of specialized centers and nuanced metrics like textbook outcomes in assessing surgical performance and improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to audit our PE cases and compare the results with those reported by the PE Collaborative Group (PelvEx). Data were collected on patient demographics, tumor characteristics, diagnostic and treatment details, pathology findings, and outcomes. Both a direct audit and an evaluation based on the textbook outcomes were conducted. A comparison of our 23 PE cases with the PelvEx cohort, which exhibited comparable characteristics, revealed a higher rate of radicality in our cases but worse outcomes regarding hospital stay duration and mortality. However, approximately 65% of our patients achieved textbook outcomes, with over 90% meeting the criteria for both radicality and hospital survival. The incorporation of textbook outcomes into the audit of surgical procedures offers a valuable framework for clarifying the interpretation of direct audit results.
The impact of PTSD on memory and cognition
Authors: Kamal Sasha
Published: January 2025

An earthquake devastated northern Pakistan on October 08, 2005, significantly affecting the mental health of the victims. Although post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rates were noted to change, no official study has quantified its prevalence following this disaster. This study examines the relationship between PTSD symptoms and memory functions in child and adolescent earthquake survivors, focusing on those attending schools in the affected areas. Participants first completed a self-assessment PTSD questionnaire, followed a week later by the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test. Subsequently, the Children and War Foundation’s “Writing for Recovery” manual (April 2008 version) were implemented. The PTSD questionnaire and memory test were then re-administered to evaluate intervention outcomes. Results revealed that all three groups, control (A) and earthquake survivors (B and C), improved memory test scores after the intervention. However, control group A consistently outperformed groups B and C. PTSD symptoms in groups B and C decreased after applying the intervention, while no change was observed in the control group A. These findings highlight significant correlations between trauma and the severity of PTSD in adolescents. Adolescents exposed to trauma (groups B and C) demonstrated poorer memory functions compared to peers without PTSD (group A). Furthermore, the “Writing for Recovery” intervention effectively reduced PTSD symptoms and improved memory performance in earthquake survivors. This study underscores the critical impact of PTSD on neurological cognition and memory in young populations following natural disasters and demonstrates the potential benefits of targeted psychological interventions for trauma recovery.
YeeZzzy does it: Using Kanye West’s tweets to identify sleep and emotional disturbances through digital rest-activity rhythms analysis
Authors: Reid Matthew J. , Rojo-Wissar Darlynn M. , Mei Michelle , Differding Moira , Smith Michael T. , Smith Michael G.
Published: January 2025

One of the greatest challenges faced by precision medicine is the identification of biomarkers capable of detecting clinically meaningful change at the individual level, not just among large-scale population studies. To this end, the high-volume nature of an individual’s social media data could be leveraged with single-user precision to monitor sleep patterns and tweet content to determine emotional state. However, there is a lack of established methods to detect and estimate sleep and mood using social-media activity. We present here a new approach (digital rest-activity rhythms analysis) to using social media to track both sleep and mood, with potential applications to mental health monitoring and prevention. Our proof-of-concept showed that the emotional content of a single user’s tweets (Kanye West “@Ye”) were influenced by sleep disturbances inferred from usage over a 2-year period. We herein provide an ethical and theoretical-framework of how to proceed among this sensitive yet potentially fruitful field.
3D-printed biomimetic liposomal hydrogels for localized and targeted treatment of drug-resistant candida albicans vaginitis
Authors: Dong Lina , Wang Wenyan , Fang Bixing , Liu Meixuan , Pan Miao , Li Xiaoqi , Yakupu Aobuliaximu , Han Chunmao , Li Qiong , Wang Xingang
Published: January 2025

The excessive use of antibiotics has precipitated the emergence of drug-resistant bacterial strains, underscoring the critical necessity for the development of novel, targeted antimicrobial agents. Among the burgeoning class of nanomaterials, silver clusters have attracted considerable attention due to their broad-spectrum and enduring antimicrobial properties, coupled with the crucial advantage of not eliciting resistance. These features render them exceptionally promising in the landscape of antimicrobial therapy. Nevertheless, the constraints associated with the topical application of silver clusters and the adverse effects linked to high-dose shock therapy pose significant challenges that require resolution. To surmount these obstacles, we engineered a sophisticated nanodrug delivery system capable of specific bacterial recognition and synergistic interaction with antimicrobial agents to accomplish precise antibacterial efficacy. Through the interaction between bacterial recognition receptor proteins (TLR2 and TLR4) on macrophage membranes and pathogen-specific molecular patterns on bacteria, we observed that cultivating macrophages in the presence of specific bacteria markedly upregulated the expression of these receptors. We subsequently isolated these specialized membrane proteins, integrated them into liposomes, and loaded silver clusters to formulate composite biomimetic liposomes (Lip@MOMP2@AgNCs). These liposomes can be effectively administered to sites of vaginal infection via intravenous injection, facilitating specific bacterial recognition and precise targeting. Moreover, we devised a 3D-printed hydrogel mesh scaffold incorporating Lip@MOMP2@AgNCs, which amalgamates the injectable liposomal formulation with the 3D-printed hydrogel scaffold to realize sustained and localized drug release. This investigation not only advances a specific and promising therapeutic strategy for combating drug-resistant Candida albicans vaginitis but also forges new pathways in addressing the formidable challenge of antibiotic resistance.
3D printed conductive myocardial patch from granular composite hydrogel for ischemic heart regeneration
Authors: Liu Zibo , Tian Yueming , Wu Bingyan , Deng Heyuan , Xia Jingjing , Fang Yongcong , Xiong Zhuo , Zhang Ting
Published: January 2025

In recent years, engineered conductive myocardium patches have gained increasing attention for their potential in repairing myocardial infarction. However, the traditional fabrication process for these patches often includes the use of toxic conductive monomers and crosslinking agents, along with harsh physical treatments such as low-temperature drying. These elements not only hinder the effective in situ loading of myocardial cells but also limit the efficiency and retention of cell seeding post-fabrication. To address these challenges, we have developed an innovative approach using a granular composite hydrogel, comprised of myocardial cell-laden microgels integrated with an interstitial conductive matrix, capable of being printed into 3D complex electroactive cardiac patches. We used microfluidic technology to encapsulate cardiomyocytes in microgels. Furthermore, we integrated the conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS into a GelMA prepolymer to fabricate a conductive matrix. This matrix was subsequently combined with microgels to form a conductive bioink, which was then utilized for printing a conductive myocardial patch. The results demonstrated that the myocardial cell-laden microgels within the patches maintained robust viability and functionality. Moreover, the patches exhibited electrical conductivity aligned with physiological levels and possessed the requisite mechanical properties for structural support to the infarcted heart. We found that these conductive cell-laden patches significantly improved left ventricular remodelling and heart function post-infarction in a rat model of myocardial infarction. We believe that the design and engineering of conductive cellular myocardium patches represent a significant advancement in the treatment of myocardial infarction.
Current view on photodynamic therapy in medicine
Authors: Aebisher David , Tomaszewska Julia , Tomaka Emilia , Bartusik-Aebisher Dorota
Published: January 2025

Light has been used for medical purposes for centuries, but the first steps toward photodynamic therapy (PDT) were taken in the early 20th century. PDT is an innovative therapeutic approach that involves three key components: A photosensitizer (PS), molecular oxygen, and visible light. The destruction of diseased tissues and cells in PDT occurs through the activation of a PS by near-infrared or visible radiation. This activation, in the presence of molecular oxygen, generates singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species. PDT has been successfully applied to treat various types of cancer, particularly superficial ones. This review outlines the principles of PDT and discusses its application in cancer treatment, specifically in the context of pancreatic and esophageal cancer. While PDT is effective, it can also have adverse effects on the human body, such as changes to cell and organelle membranes. PDT is a modern, non-invasive treatment modality utilized for both non-malignant conditions and also various types of tumors in diverse locations. Enhancing the efficacy of PDT and reducing its side effects may be possible by combining PSs with nanomaterials, which would also allow for targeted therapy to specific receptors. PDT is continuously being developed to improve its effectiveness, and ongoing studies aim to minimize unwanted side effects and identify contraindications for its use.
Hangs and trading posts: The global development of the Thirteen Factories in Guangzhou
Authors: Gu Xueping , Peng Changxin
Published: January 2025

The Thirteen Factories in Guangzhou were a product of economic globalization and China’s foreign trade policies in the 18th century. Previous studies have discussed the Westernization of their building façades but overlooked their global and local origins. This article examines the Western origins of the Guangzhou factories, their local prototypes, and how they integrated Western and local architectural elements. The origins of the Thirteen Factories trace back to funduqs or fondacos, Mediterranean commercial establishments from the late Middle Ages, which spread globally with Portuguese overseas trade after the Age of Discovery. Built along the Pearl River, the Thirteen Factories were modeled on local hangs, characterized by narrow frontages, large depths, storage on the 1st floor, and accommodation above. Western merchants, leasing these hangs, transformed them into factories by adding Western architectural elements, such as columns, arches, colonnades, and triangular pediments while reorganizing interiors with arched corridors. This integration demonstrates the global mobility of architectural forms driven by economic globalization. The Qing dynasty’s (1644 – 1912) strict regulation confined foreign factories to a designated area along the Pearl River, forming the Thirteen Factories quarter. Continuous planning by Western merchants introduced early elements of “modernity,” making the quarter a site of architectural and functional innovation. Globalization and modernization were central to the Thirteen Factories’ development, blending architectural traditions and influencing Guangzhou’s evolution. These forces profoundly impacted the site’s transformation and contributed to the globalization of Guangzhou today.
Advances in non-invasive neuromodulation techniques for geriatric depression: A comprehensive review
Authors: Song Guanqiao , Wu Yihan , Xing Huili , Zheng Ronglian , Kou Yining , Zheng Chenchen , Zhang Meng , Li Kun
Published: January 2025

The gradual aging of the global population is increasing the prevalence of geriatric depression, a severe mental disorder that imposes a significant burden on individuals and society. Conventional treatments such as pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, given their considerable side effects and slow onset of action, are challenging to implement in the older population. This highlights the need for new, safer, and more effective approaches for treating depression. In recent years, non-invasive neurostimulation techniques have shown significant advantages in treating depression, offering new options for addressing late-life depression. This review summarizes the research progress in the use of non-invasive neurostimulation methods such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), bright light therapy (BLT), transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS), music therapy, and transcranial ultrasonography for treating depression. Evidence indicates that ECT is crucial in rapidly combating depression. rTMS and tDCS not only alleviate depressive symptoms but also improve cognitive function. Given their low-risk profile, BLT and tVNS may have specific therapeutic effects on alleviating chronic depression. Although music therapy and transcranial ultrasonography show potential value in treating depression, further evidence is needed from mechanistic and clinical studies for appropriate evaluation. This review comprehensively evaluates the characteristics of various non-invasive neurostimulation techniques in treating late-life depression and suggests that future research should involve large-sample, multicenter collaborative clinical studies to provide scientific guidance for using neurostimulation techniques in treating late-life depression.
TEORIA ANTROPOLÓGICA DO DIDÁTICO E PROCESSOS ATENCIONAIS
Authors: Siqueira Carvalho Sebastiao Fagner , Silva da Fonseca Laerte , Maria Oliveira Bonci Daniela
Published: January 2025

Este estudo investiga a integração da Teoria Antropológica do Didático (TAD) com os processos atencionais, a partir da Teoria da Busca Guiada (TBG), analisando tarefas de um livro didático de matemática do 9º ano. A TAD de Chevallard (1998) e a Teoria da Busca Guiada de Cave e Wolfe (1990) fornecem bases para entender como o ensino pode ser estruturado para otimizar a atenção dos alunos. A pesquisa se concentra nas relações métricas do triângulo retângulo, utilizando o livro "superAÇÃO Matemática" da Editora Moderna para aplicação da matriz de referência desenvolvida. Os resultados sugerem que a organização praxeológica da TAD e os processos de atenção propostos pela TBG podem contribuir para um ensino mais atrativo e engajador. Conclui-se que a integração dessas teorias pode contribuir para melhorar a compreensão e retenção de conceitos matemáticos.
Islamic Perspectives on Age of Consent: An Analytical Study in the Contemporary World
Authors: Chibololo Juma Shaban
Published: January 2025

Setting and harmonizing the minimum age for sexual relations has become a public outcry led by international humanitarian organizations. Neither the classical religious laws nor the laws of ancient societies, as seen today in many Muslim and non-Muslim countries, had a harmonized age of consent. Although the idea dates back to the Industrial Revolution, its goal has traditionally been attributed to individual societies to protect children from sexual exploitation and deprivation of basic human rights. Recent research into child abuse and exploitation has shown that the number of child abuse cases is increasing rapidly. This consequence has led to United Nations humanitarian organizations calling for the age of consent to be harmonized to 18 years. However, this idea has not found global consensus. Different countries and states have different ages of consent, which are influenced by factors such as individual maturity, cultural differences, parental rights, legal clarity and social norms. This article conducts an in-depth documentary analysis to examine the age of consent from an Islamic perspective in today's society, based on the Islamic Maqasid Sharia. Literary works suggest that early marriage and the protection of girls from exploitation and fundamental rights are the main reasons for the global demand for harmonization of the age of consent. However, the paper notes that age of consent harmonization alone cannot adequately address child exploitation. Studies have shown that child abuse, including rape, occurs at the early stages of learning and voluntary sexual relationships between children often begin as early as primary school. Given these findings, the paper recommends that age of consent determination should be delegated to countries or states in consultation with their religious institutions. The aim is to ensure that setting the age of consent benefits and does not harm individuals, as traditional norms and cultural realities are best understood by local citizens and religious leaders. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes that moral values should be a primary concern in solving this problem, supported by faith-based teachings and behaviour education through schools and religious gatherings
Gut microbiota in Crohn’s disease pathogenesis
Authors: Ozbey Dogukan , Saribas Suat , Kocazeybek Bekir
Published: January 2025

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are classified into two distinct types based on the area and severity of inflammation: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis. In CD, gut bacteria can infiltrate mesenteric fat, causing expansion known as creeping fat, which may limit bacterial spread and inflammation but can promote fibrosis. The gut bacteria composition varies depending on whether the colon or ileum is affected. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) transfers feces from a healthy donor to restore gut microbiota balance, often used in IBD patients to reduce inflammation and promote mucosal repair. The use of FMT for CD remains uncertain, with insufficient evidence to fully endorse it as a definitive treatment. While some studies suggest it may improve symptoms, questions about the duration of these improvements and the need for repeated treatments persist. There is a pressing need for methods that provide long-term benefits, as highlighted by Wu et al 's research.
Advancements in non-invasive diagnosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Zhen , Wu Qi
Published: January 2025

Gastric cancer (GC), a multifaceted and highly aggressive malignancy, represents challenging healthcare burdens globally, with a high incidence and mortality rate. Although endoscopy, combined with histological examination, is the gold standard for GC diagnosis, its high cost, invasiveness, and specialized requirements hinder widespread use for screening. With the emergence of innovative technologies such as advanced imaging, liquid biopsy, and breath tests, the landscape of GC diagnosis is poised for radical transformation, becoming more accessible, less invasive, and more efficient. As the non-invasive diagnostic techniques continue to advance and undergo rigorous clinical validation, they hold the promise of significantly impacting patient outcomes, ultimately leading to better treatment results and improved quality of life for patients with GC.
Adenosine triphosphate-binding pocket inhibitor for mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein attenuated alcoholic liver disease via necroptosis-independent pathway
Authors: Xuan Yuan Han-Ning , Kim Hyun Sung , Park Gye Ryeol , Ryu Jae Eun , Kim Ji Eun , Kang In Young , Kim Hye Young , Lee Seung Min , Oh Ju Hee , Yoon Eileen L , Jun Dae Won
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) serves as a critical mediator in necroptosis, a form of regulated cell death linked to various liver diseases. This study aims to specifically investigate the role of MLKL’s adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding pocket in facilitating necroptosis-independent pathways that may contribute to liver disease progression. By focusing on this mechanism, we seek to identify potential therapeutic targets that can modulate MLKL activity, offering new strategies for the prevention and treatment of liver-related pathologies.

AIM

To investigate the possibility of using the ATP-binding pocket-associated, necroptosis-independent MLKL pathway as a target for liver diseases.

METHODS

Cell death following necroptosis stimuli was evaluated using cell proliferation assays, flow cytometry, and electron microscopy in various cells. The human liver organoid system was used to evaluate whether the MLKL ATP pocket-binding inhibitor could attenuate inflammation. Additionally, alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases animal models were used to determine whether MLKL ATP pocket inhibitors could attenuate liver injury.

RESULTS

While an MLKL ATP pocket-binding inhibitor did not prevent necroptosis-induced cell death in RAW 264.7 cells, it did reduce the necroptosis-led expression of CXCL2 , ICAM , and VCAM . Notably, MLKL ATP pocket inhibitor diminishes the expression of CXCL2 , ICAM , and VCAM by inhibiting the IκB kinase and nuclear factor kappa-B pathways without inducing necroptosis-induced cell death in two-dimensional cell culture as well as the human-derived liver organoid system. Although MLKL ATP-binding inhibitor was ineffective in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease animal models, MLKL ATP-binding inhibitor attenuated hepatic inflammation in the alcoholic liver disease model.

CONCLUSION

MLKL ATP pocket-binding inhibitor exerted anti-inflammatory effects through the necroptosis-independent MLKL pathway in an animal model of alcoholic liver disease.
Prognostic roles of the prognostic nutritional index in patients with resectable and advanced biliary tract cancers
Authors: Zeng Di , Wen Ning-Yuan , Wang Yao-Qun , Cheng Nan-Sheng , Li Bei
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy with increasing incidence and poor prognosis. Identifying preoperative prognostic factors is crucial for effective risk-benefit assessments and patient stratification. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), which reflects immune-inflammatory and nutritional status, has shown prognostic value in various cancers, but its significance in BTC remains unclear.

AIM

To assess the prognostic value of the preoperative PNI in BTC patients, with a focus on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).

METHODS

Comprehensive searches were conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases from inception to April 2024. The primary outcomes of interest focused on the associations between the preoperative PNI and the prognosis of BTC patients, specifically OS and disease-free survival (DFS). Statistical analyses were conducted via STATA 17.0 software.

RESULTS

Seventeen studies encompassing 4645 patients met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis revealed that a low PNI was significantly associated with poorer OS [hazard ratio (HR) 1.91, 95%CI: 1.59-2.29; P < 0.001] and DFS (HR 1.93, 95%CI: 1.39-2.67; P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed consistent results across BTC subtypes (cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer) and stages (resectable and advanced). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings, and no significant publication bias was detected.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrated that a low preoperative PNI predicts poor OS and DFS in BTC patients, highlighting its potential as a valuable prognostic tool. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and enhance BTC patient management.
Procalcitonin and presepsin for detecting bacterial infection and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wejnaruemarn Salisa , Susantitaphong Paweena , Komolmit Piyawat , Treeprasertsuk Sombat , Thanapirom Kessarin
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Diagnosing bacterial infections (BI) in patients with cirrhosis can be challenging because of unclear symptoms, low diagnostic accuracy, and lengthy culture testing times. Various biomarkers have been studied, including serum procalcitonin (PCT) and presepsin. However, the diagnostic performance of these markers remains unclear, requiring further informative studies to ascertain their diagnostic value.

AIM

To evaluate the pooled diagnostic performance of PCT and presepsin in detecting BI among patients with cirrhosis.

METHODS

We performed a systematic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus databases for studies that evaluated the diagnostic role of PCT and presepsin from inception to June 2024. Sensitivity and specificity values were pooled using a random effects model. BI was diagnosed based on clinical manifestations, physical examination, laboratory data, and radiological findings.

RESULTS

Of the 6639 articles retrieved, 28 met the inclusion criteria and included 4287 patients with 1789 cases of BI (41.7%). The bivariate pooled sensitivity and specificity estimates of PCT for BI diagnosis were 0.73 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.64-0.81] and 0.83 (95%CI: 0.79-0.87), respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of PCT was 17.21 (95%CI: 9.57-30.95). Presepsin showed a pooled sensitivity of 0.75 (95%CI: 0.60-0.86), specificity of 0.80 (95%CI: 0.68-0.88), and DOR of 12.33 (95%CI: 5.10-29.83) for diagnosing BI. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of PCT for diagnosing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) were 0.76 (95%CI: 0.67-0.84) and 0.87 (95%CI: 0.78-0.92), respectively. The positive likelihood ratio of PCT was 5.57 (95%CI: 3.34-9.29), which was sufficiently indicative of SBP. The DOR of PCT was 29.50 (95%CI: 12.30-70.80).

CONCLUSION

PCT and presepsin have high sensitivity and specificity for detecting BI in patients with cirrhosis. Furthermore, PCT has good diagnostic value as a rule-in test for SBP diagnosis.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: Early diagnosis is very important
Authors: Jiang Huan , Hu Bing
Published: January 2025

In this manuscript, we comment on a recent publication by Yuan et al . This article provides a detailed scientific diagnostic process for a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 patient, thus offering strong guidance for clinical practice. However, we believe that the authors should also provide information on the patient's long-term prognosis.
Reevaluating Calculus bovis: Modulating the liver cancer immune microenvironment via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Wang Shi-Yue , Wang Kai-Juan
Published: January 2025

In this article, we comment on the work published by Huang et al , which explores the mechanisms by which Calculus bovis (CB) modulates the liver cancer immune microenvironment via the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. The study demonstrates that active components in CB effectively inhibit the activation of the Wnt/β- catenin pathway, significantly reducing the polarization of M2 tumor-associated macrophages. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments have validated the anti-tumour effects of CB, revealing its complex mechanisms of action through the modulation of immune cell functions within the tumour microenvironment. This article highlights CB’s therapeutic potential in liver cancer treatment and calls for further investigations into its mechanisms and clinical applications to develop safer, more effective options for patients. The study also revealed that key components of CB, such as bilirubin and bile acids, inhibit tumour cell proliferation and promote apoptosis through multiple pathways. Future research should explore the mechanisms of action of CB and its potential integration with existing treatments to improve the therapeutic outcomes of liver cancer patients. With multidisciplinary collaboration and advanced research, CB could become a key component of comprehensive liver cancer treatment, offering new hope for patients.
IMPACT OF GUT MICROBIOTA ON THE GUT-BRAIN AXIS IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND THE ROLE OF ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC MARKERS
Authors:   Medical School Year 6, Central Asian University, Uzbekistan, Pulatova Diyora
Published: January 2025

This review highlights the critical importance of gut microbiota in modulating the gut-brain axis and its consequences for neurological disorders, including autism, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. New evidence is just beginning to suggest that gut microbiota may affect brain functioning through the intricate pathways of the immune, endocrine, and metabolic systems. This review discusses how alterations in gut microbiota composition may lead to aberrant endocrine responses and changes in metabolic markers contributing to neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and behavioural symptoms related to these diseases. This study will look at the potential targeting of the gut microbiome as a therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders through bidirectional interactions between the gut and the central nervous system. These findings have relevance toward understanding the gut-brain axis in the search for new biomarkers and development of personalised interventions in better promotion of neurological health.
Tetanus Toxoid (TT) Injections as a Condition of Marriage Registration for Prospective Brides in the Maqashid Sharia Perspective
Authors: Laily Hidayati
Published: January 2025

Marriage is a legal and sacred place to develop the life of mankind through its off spring, so it is only natural for prospective brides to prepare everything from mental, physical and material preparation before going further to the level of marriage. One of the requirements for marriage, especially for prospective brides, is stated in the Joint Instruction of the Director General of Islamic Public Guidance and Hajj Affairs of the Ministry of Religion and the Director General of Communicable Disease Eradication and Environmental Health of the Ministry of Health Number 02 of 1989 concerning tetanus toxoid immunization of prospective brides. In the perspective of maqasid sharia, Tetanus Toxoid (TT) vaccination injections are allowed for the benefit and good of mankind, whereas when viewed from the point of view of maslahat, this tetanus injection is very good for couples who want to get married. With the information that the bride-to-be has been injected with tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccination to minimize or prevent the outbreak of tetanus disease, one of which can be sourced at the first time of sexual intercourse which can tear the hymen in women, the hymen that is injured due to conjugal relations if there is no prior prevention through tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccination can result in the outbreak of tetanus disease which can be dangerous to life.
Development of Pancasila Tourism Village Based on Local Potential of Jrahi Village
Authors: Muhammad Jodi Prasetiyo  , Dany Miftah M. Nur  , Abdul Karim
Published: January 2025

Jrahi Village has enormous potential to be developed into an advanced rural tourism destination. This is because the village has interesting natural characteristics and unique socio-cultural life. The amount of potential that exists must be encouraged and developed in accordance with the socio-cultural characteristics of the local community. The purpose of this study is to analyse the local potential of Jrahi village and the efforts to develop a sustainable tourism village. This research is a field research using a qualitative descriptive approach. For data collection, researchers used interview, observation and documentation techniques. The results of this research show that there are various local potentials developed by this tourism village ranging from natural, cultural, religious, craft and culinary tourism. Embung mini jrahi is a superior tourist attraction that attracts tourists both locally and outside the region. The implications of the development of the Pancasila Jrahi Tourism village are able to contribute to increasing the income of local communities involved in tourism activities and being able to increase the village's original income. Local people who initially worked in the agricultural sector are now slowly plunging into the tourism sector. On the other hand, the sustainability of tourism villages is important in the midst of existing challenges, so that the main aspects of tourism village development referring to attractions, accessibility and amenity must be pursued optimally.
UPAYA SOEHARTO MEMOTONG PILAR-PILAR KEKUASAAN SOEKARNO
Authors: Syahbuddin Syahbuddin
Published: January 2025

Paska proklamasi kemerdekaan Indonesia dihadapkan pada masalah-masalah yang besar. Bangsa Indonesia harus berhadapan dengan Belanda dalam revolusi fisik tahun 1945-1950. Indonesia yang baru merdeka juga dihadapkan dengan masalah dalam negeri; perekonomian dengan inflasi yang besar, masalah politik dan disintegrasi bangsa. Kemelut politik 1959 mendorong Soekarno mengeluarkan Dekrit pada tanggal 5 Juli 1959 dan era Demokrasi Terpimpin dimulai. Demorasi terpimpin merupakan upaya Soekarno menghimpun kekuatan Nasionalis, Agama dan Komunisme (Nasakom). Konsep Nasakom mendapat sambutan yang baik dari PKI karena memberikan ruang kepada mereka untuk berkembang. Paska Gerakan 30 September 1965 terjadi perubahan konstelasi politik. Soeharto menghancurkan Partai Komunis Indonesia sebagai pilar penting kekuasaan Seokarno, maka pertarungan politik nasional saat itu berpusat pada Soekarno dan Soeharto. Soeharto kemudian naik ke panggung kekuasaan nasional setelah menghancurkan pilar-pilar lainnya seperti menangkap para menteri yang terlibat dalam Gerakan 30 September, membersihakan tentara yang terlibat atau dipandang Soekanois dan membersihkan MPRS/DPR-GR yang kelak mengangkatnya menajadi presiden.
Upaya Meningkatkan Keterampilan Passing Bawah dengan Strategi Kombinasi antara Massed Practice dan Distributed Practice Peserta Ekstrakurikuler Bolavoli
Authors: Pradana Alif Putra , Winarno M.E.
Published: January 2025

Latar belakang penelitian ini ialah penguasaan keterampilan passing bawah bolavoli yang rendah pada peserta ekstrakurikuler bolavoli putra MTs Miftahush Shibyan kecamatan Bantur. Tujuan penelitian yang terlaksana yakni mencari tahu peningkatan keterampilan passing bawah bolavoli dengan strategi kombinasi antara massed practice dan distributed practice. Penelitian ini menerapkan rancangan penelitian tindakan kelas yang langkahnya mencakup perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, serta refleksi yang dilakukan sebanyak dua siklus. Subjek yang diteliti ialah peserta ekstrakurikuler bolavoli putra di MTs Miftahush Shibyan sebanyak 10 peserta. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah instrumen tes berupa keterampilan proses dan keterampilan hasil menggunakan tes AAHPERD. Sumber datanya peneliti peroleh lewat tes yaitu keterampilan proses serta keterampilan hasil passing bawah bolavoli dengan uji AAHPERD. Metode analisis datanya menggunakan analisis data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Analisis kualitatif digunakan sebagai catatan hasil wawancara pelatih serta catatan refleksi pelatih. Sedangkan analisis kuantitatif dalam penelitian ini adalah Teknik analisis data uji statistik deskriptif kuantitatif. Jenis analisis statistik yang menggunakan persentase untuk menggambarkan karakteristik suatu sampel atau populasi. Penelitiannya diperoleh hasil di siklus 1 menunjukkan peningkatan yaitu 66%, dan meningkat pada siklus 2 menjadi 92%. Dan hasil tes keterampilan passing bawah bolavoli AAHPERD pada siklus pertama terjadi peningkatan dengan persentase 42,5% dan setelah dilaksanakannya siklus 2 terdapat kenaikan menjadi 80,5%. Hasil penelitian mengarah pada kesimpulan bahwa menggunakan strategi kombinasi antara massed practice dan distributed practice mampu memacu peningkatan keterampilan passing bawah bolavoli hingga masuk dalam kategori sangat baik setelah dilakukannya 2 siklus.
Upaya Meningkatkan Keterampilan Passing Bawah Menggunakan Metode Bermain pada Peserta Ekstrakurikuler Bolavoli Putra
Authors: Anggi Yulia Rahmawati  , Winarno M.E.
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini tujuannya yakni meningkatkan keterampilan passing bawah pemain bolavoli pada Peserta Ekstrakurikuler bolavoli SMP Negeri 1 Gedangan dengan metode bermain. Penelitiannya berupa penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan di dalamnya terdapat 2 siklus, dengan masing-masing siklus ada 3 kali pertemuan. Setiap siklus penelitian ini meliputi tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, serta refleksi terhadap tindakan yang telah dilakukan. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 20 peserta putra ekstrakurikuler bolavoli SMP Negeri 1 Gedangan. Instrumen penelitiannnya mencakup observasi, tes, dokumentasi, serta wawancara sebagai metode non tes untuk mendukung pengumpulan data. Peneliti mempergunakan metode analisis data deskriptif kuantitatif. berdasarkan hasil tes keterampilan proses passing bawah bolavoli pada siklus 1 menunjukkan hasil sebesar 64% dan setelah dilaksanakan siklus 2 terjadi peningkatan menjadi 82%. Dan hasil tes keterampilan passing bawah bolavoli AAHPERD pada siklus I mengalami peningkatan senilai 55,5% dan setelah dilaksanakan siklus 2 terjadi peningkatan menjadi 87,5%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa teknik bermain mampu memacu peningkatan keterampilan passing bawah bolavoli.
Tingkat Kecemasan Pemain Sepakbola Kelompok Umur 10-12 Tahun Menghadapi Pertandingan
Authors: Muslihuddin Muhammad Taufany , Jusuf Jeane Betty Kurnia , Santoso Januar Abdilah , Mahardhika Nanda Alfian
Published: January 2025

Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini sesuai dengan permasalahan yang ada, untuk mengetahui tingkat kecemasan menghadapi pertandingan pemain sepakbola KU 10-12 tahun di klub Borneo Soccer School Samarinda. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu angket dengan skala Likert 1-4. Teknik analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif persentase. Hasil penelitian ini tingkat kecemasan menghadapi pertandingan pemain sepakbola KU 10-12 tahun di klub Borneo Soccer School Samarinda berada pada kategori “sangat rendah” sebesar 1,56% (1 pemain), “rendah” sebesar 18,75% (12 pemain), “tinggi” sebesar 76,56% (49 pemain), dan “sangat tinggi” sebesar 3,13% (2 pemain). Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan pemain dapat mencegah atau mengatasi beberapa hal yang dapat menyebabkan timbulnya kecemasan dalam menghadapi pertandingan, dengan cara terus bertahan dan terus terdorong untuk terus berprestasi dalam olahraga sepakbola walaupun sedang mengalami tekanan atau tantangan secara terus menerus.