bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meio Ambiente e Estado Constitucional Cooperativo
Authors: Campello Lívia Gaigher
Published: October 2018

Este estudo partiu da percepção de que há, na atualidade, uma perspectiva integrativa, fundamentada no princípio do desenvolvimento sustentável, que requer como seu pressuposto a realização de valores éticos e solidários. Assim, esta noção tem refletido nos parâmetros da busca pelo crescimento econômico, que deve ocorrer em consonância com a preservação dos direitos das presentes e futuras gerações. Nesse sentido, buscou-se desvendar os fundamentos e finalidades do Direito Ambiental no âmbito do “Estado Constitucional Cooperativo”, em que o foco da preocupação com o desenvolvimento sustentável é visto como responsabilidade ética e solidária dos Estados e de todos os seres humanos. Portanto, as reflexões sobre o meio ambiente expostas neste estudo têm como pano de fundo o direito ao desenvolvimento dos cidadãos e simultaneamente o propósito do direito do desenvolvimento humanista dos Estados.
Da Função Socioambiental da Terra
Authors: De Santana Leandro Almeida
Published: October 2018

Este artigo científico tem por objeto de estudo a função socioambiental da terra, a partir da previsão contida no art. 186, II, da Constituição Federal de 1988. Com vistas à melhor compreensão do tema, o artigo divide-se em duas partes distintas. A primeira delas trata do conceito global de função social da terra, apontando também o contexto histórico do surgimento deste instituto no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro; a segunda ocupa-se, especificamente, da função socioambiental, apontando a opinião de diversos estudiosos do tema.
Manipulação Genética e Organismos Geneticamente Modificados à Luz do Direito à Informação do Consumidor
Authors: Bizawu Kiwonghi , Lopes André Luiz
Published: October 2018

O presente trabalho pretende analisar a questão da manipulação genética e organismos geneticamente modificados, amplamente discutida ultimamente, tanto no meio acadêmico como na comunidade científica, frente ao direito de informação do consumidor previsto e tutelado no Código de Defesa do Consumidor, Lei nº 8.078/90. Torna-se necessário para isso um breve histórico do tema em apreço, partindo dos conceitos enquanto parte de um processo teleológico, as técnicas utilizadas, as aplicações, onde eles existem, até a interpretação de norma jurídica referente à biossegurança a fim de verificar o impacto ambiental e as consequências dos Organismos Geneticamente Modificados na vida do consumidor, bem como as decisões da Comissão Técnica Nacional de Biossegurança, considerando os elementos positivos e negativos dos mesmos no dia-a-dia, zelando pela ratio legis.
Noções Básicas Acerca das Restrições Verticais no Direito Concorrencial Brasileiro: Da Licitude à Ilicitude “Per Se” à Luz da Resolução Nº 20 do CADE
Authors: Brum de Magalhçaes Júnior Danilo
Published: October 2018

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo aprofundar o debate acerca das restrições verticais no direito concorrencial, investigando a abordagem dada pela legislação brasileira, pelos juristas e pelos economistas ao assunto. Para tanto, entendeu-se necessário trazer ao conhecimento do leitor o avanço da legislação antitruste no Brasil, com enfoque na Constituição Federal e na lei 12.529/11, para então apresentar o conceito de restrição vertical, bem como seus principais tipos. Após, é feita uma análise de como se da a ilicitude destas práticas perante o direito brasileiro. Após as reflexões geradas e análise dos dados, conclui-se que o tema das restrições verticais no direito concorrencial pátrio ainda é muito polêmico e que o guia brasileiro de análise das restrições verticais, apesar de ser um avanço à sua época, atualmente precisa de modernizações para conseguir enfrentar esta problemática da sociedade contemporânea.
A Ação Civil Pública Como Instrumento de Defesa do Meio Ambiente Florestal
Authors: Quirino Gilberto Jacintho , De Santana Leandro Almeida
Published: October 2018

A Constituição Federal de 1988 elevou o meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado a status de direito fundamental, estabelecendo que, pelo dano ambiental, responde o infrator nas esferas penal, administrativa e civil (art. 225, § 3º). Nesse sentido, as florestas constituem importante componente do meio ambiente natural. A Lei nº. 7.347/85 disciplinou a ação civil pública e previu a hipótese, dentre outras, de ser manejada para a defesa do meio ambiente. Isto posto, o presente artigo analisa como a ação civil pública se efetiva como instrumento de proteção do meio ambiente florestal, especialmente, no que tange ao papel do Ministério Público.
Injusticia Ambiental y Derecho Humano Al Agua
Authors: Bravo Álvaro A. Sánchez
Published: October 2018

La conservación y preservación de los bienes naturales es un elemento imprescindible para el mantenimiento de la vida humana y el bienestar general. Si no conseguimos superar los obstáculos medioambientales que apremian al planeta difícilmente podremos erradicar la pobreza.
Pero la superación de esos obstáculos requiere ser conscientes de la realidad de un mundo injusto, y mal repartido, donde un 20% de la población hace uso del 80% de los recursos naturales, mientras el resto se encuentra en grave riesgo de no poder garantizar sus mínimas necesidades básicas.
Es evidente que, los bienes y servicios naturales son escasos, pero además están desigualmente repartidos debido a cuatro grandes vectores:
a) Injusticia social, relacionada con el acceso, la gestión y capacidad de decisión sobre los ecosistemas y los recursos financieros, por los diferentes grupos o actores a nivel local regional e internacional: las injusticias sociales se ven ampliadas por las asimétricas relaciones de poder y los abusos de los países económicamente desarrollados sobre los países en vía de desarrollo, así como por la actividad globalizada de grandes consorcios multinacionales que operan por meros intereses económicos, al margen de representatividades democráticas o dación de cuentas por sus actividades.
ESQUECIMENTO E MEMÓRIA NA SOCIEDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO
Authors: Leite Flávia Piva Almeida , Rodrigues Monica Walter
Published: October 2018

O direito ao esquecimento ganhou espaço na mídia e trouxe à tona questões relativas à privacidade, liberdade de expressão e direito à informação, cuja ponderação revela-se tendente à proteção aos aspectos da personalidade na sociedade da informação. Entretanto, três aspectos devem ser lembrados: o primeiro; a apontar a relação existente entre a memória e a política, que pode ser pensada a partir dos estudos sobre a memória coletiva apresentada por Halbwachs (1950) e da perspectiva de memória e esquecimento em Nietzsche e Arendt, o que desafia a uma reflexão acerca do interesse público quanto a fatos que compõe a memória coletiva, o segundo; relacionado à analogia entre a memória humana e a memória de máquina a fim de compará-las em duas disposições ao esquecimento e, terceiro; relativo aos interesses políticos e econômicos internacionais presentes nas proposições normativas no contexto de um mercado formado por grandes corporações que se apropriam dos dados presentes na rede.
A QUESTÃO DA JUDICIALIZAÇÃO DA SAÚDE NA REALIDADE JURÍDICA PÁTRIA: UM REFLEXO DA OMISSÃO DO ESTADO NO SEU DEVER DE GARANTIR ESTE DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Cappelletti Priscilla , Andrade Marilene
Published: October 2018

O direito social à saúde se correlaciona ao bem-estar e ao desenvolvimento de uma vida digna. No Brasil, com o objetivo de concretizá-lo, a Constituição Federal de 1988 criou o Sistema Único de Saúde, comprometido com um acesso universal e igualitário às ações e aos serviços para sua promoção, proteção e recuperação. Ocorre, contudo, que esse sistema não se mostrou eficiente na prática, resultando no ajuizamento de inúmeras ações para a concretização deste direito. Diante disso, o presente trabalho busca analisar o fenômeno da judicialização da saúde que tem permeado a realidade brasileira, inserindo-o no contexto de consolidação dos direitos fundamentais vivenciado no país após a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, a qual instaurou um Estado Democrático de Direito.
INFLAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS E OS VÍCIOS E VIRTUDES DO PRINCÍPIO DA PROPORCIONALIDADE
Authors: Zolet Lucas Augusto da Silva , Morais Fausto Santos de
Published: October 2018

Este trabalho, produzido mediante o método fenomenológico-hermenêutico, propõe o estudo da Inflação dos Direitos Fundamentais decorrente do uso do Princípio da Proporcionalidade. Com base nessa premissa, apresentar-se-á os potenciais vícios e virtudes do emprego da Proporcionalidade considerando a influência teórica de Robert Alexy. A relevância deste trabalho, portanto, funda-se especialmente no pressuposto que a Inflação dos Direitos Fundamentais, de forma indistinta, interfere na compreensão da legitimação de proteção jurídica destes Direitos.
INTERVENÇÃO FEDERAL COM FUNDAMENTO NO DESEQUILÍBRIO FINANCEIRO DECORRENTE DA CRISE ECONÔMICA
Authors: Galante Elisa Helena Lesqueves , Pedra Adriano Sant'Ana
Published: October 2018

A crise econômica tem atingido as Administrações Públicas em todos os âmbitos federativos, exigindo que se criem inusitados malabarismos para cumprir a obrigação de pagar os serviços prestados pelos servidores públicos, em regra, violando o direito à contraprestação dos serviços nas datas legalmente avençadas. Conscientes da capacidade de exercer o controle social, instituído a partir dos pilares fundamentais da Constituição de 1988, o cidadão e a sociedade civil atuam ativamente propondo a intervenção federal como forma de buscar a eficácia da atividade administrativa estatal. Nesse contexto, a partir de um estudo qualitativo e dedutivo, o artigo objetiva analisar a constitucionalidade da proposta de intervenção federal em Estados federados sob o fundamento no desiquilíbrio econômico e financeiro do Estado, o que possibilitaria que a União assuma os negócios do Estado-membro ou do Distrito Federal.
A CONTAGEM DOS PRAZOS DA LEI N. 11.101/05 A PARTIR DA VIGÊNCIA DO NOVO CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO CIVIL
Authors: Calças Manoel De Queiroz Pereira , Dezem Renata Mota Maciel
Published: October 2018

A Lei n. 11.101/05 prevê uma série de prazos (processuais e materiais), sobretudo para o procedimento de recuperação judicial. Esses prazos estão claramente interligados com o chamado stay period, ou seja, período de cento e oitenta dias no qual, de acordo com o artigo 6º da Lei n. 11.101/05, as ações e execuções propostas contra a empresa em recuperação judicial ficam suspensas. Esse prazo de suspensão é fundamental para o sucesso da recuperação judicial, na medida em que no prazo de cento e oitenta dias, de acordo com os demais prazos previstos na Lei n. 11.101/05, a assembleia geral de credores terá ocorrido e a situação da empresa em crise resolvida. A forma de contagem de prazos prevista no novo Código de Processo Civil influencia severamente a sistemática então vigente para a recuperação judicial, situação que torna necessária reflexão sobre a sua aplicabilidade ou não ao processo de recuperação judicial.
The use of RSI and RFS questionnaires in the Polish language version
Authors: Włodarczyk Elżbieta , Miaśkiewicz Beata , Szkiełkowska Agata , Skarzyński Piotr , Skarżyński Henryk
Published: October 2018

RSI and RFS questionnaires are a basic and common method used for initial diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). However, they only measure symptoms which may or may not be concurrent with LPR. The severity of these symptoms is assessed either by the patients themselves (with the use of the Reflux Symptoms Index -RSI) or by the doctor specialising in the field (with the use of the Reflux Finding Score - RFS). Therefore, the findings of the questionnaire may to a large extent depend on the study population - its demographic and cultural characteristics; the extent to which the medical terms used in the questionnaires are understood; and on the linguistic aspects and translation choices. As for the Polish language versions of these questionnaires, there is no reliable analysis of their consistency and if they reach the assumed goal. The studies we have conducted on a group of 84 patients show that we encounter at least one of the above-mentioned problems. Therefore, to make the questionnaires reliable and useful for diagnosis, it is necessary to conduct a formal validation of their translation and to conduct studies on reference groups.
Zdolność sądowa podmiotów ogólnego prawa cywilnego
materialnego
Authors: Obrębski Robert
Published: October 2018

Judicial capacity consists in the transposing of substantive law subjectivity to proceedings under civil law in a form allowing valid proceedings closing with a judgment, said proceedings involving the participation of a specific entity. A party without capacity for the status of specific subjective rights or legal relationship cannot expect to participate in a valid trial closing with a judgment. Three categories of entities with general legal capacity – private individuals (natural persons), legal persons, and organisational units as stipulated by provisions of Article 64 §11 of the Civil Proceedings Code – have been equipped with judicial capacity, as they can be party to legal relations constituting the subject of action. The participation of such entities in proceedings under civil law – while potentially concerning any case – shall only apply to cases under civil law wherein entities as duly indicated act to protect their legal circumstances associated with events potentially occurring prior to the commencement of judicial proceedings. They should only appear as parties in civil cases involving their activities on their own behalf and to their own benefit.
Współuczestnictwo procesowe współwłaścicieli w sprawach
o uzgodnienie treści księgi wieczystej z rzeczywistym stanem prawnym
(art. 10 u.k.w.h.)
Authors: Rylski Piotr
Published: October 2018

In the article, the author discusses the debatable issue of procedural joint participation in matters concerning the reconciliation of the contents of the land and mortgage register with the actual state and legal status. He points to a discrepancy in jurisprudence and doctrine. In particular, the author considers whether the so-called necessary joint participation takes place here. In his analysis, the author uses the concept of joint participation in declaratory actions created by Professor Maria Jędrzejewska. The practical implications of adopting this concept were also discussed.
Złożenie wniosku o sporządzenie i doręczenie uzasadnienia wyroku w dniu jego ogłoszenia
Authors: Zembrzuski Tadeusz
Published: October 2018

Procedural formalism requires conformity to requirements concerning the approach to procedural measures as to the form, location, and time of their commencement. The timely completion of each procedural measure, including applications for the drafting and submitting of a judgment and justification thereof, remains a condition for its effectiveness. It goes without saying that the court will reject any delayed application for the drafting and submitting of a judgment and justification in closed session – whereas discrepancies in adjudicature as well as doctrine doubts have arisen with regard to effects of filing “premature” applications. It has been ultimately ruled that any applications for the drafting and submitting of a judgment and justification filed on the day of yet prior to judgment delivery shall be considered ineffective. The judgment only exists once it has been delivered or once its operative part has been signed, i.a. it can only become the object of other procedural measures as of that moment rather than as of that day. Every period defined as a specific time span has to be framed with occurrences outlining its beginning and end, respectively. It is impossible to calculate a period as of a procedural measure which has not been completed yet. Since the securing of a justification of a judgment delivered in one’s own case is an expression of exercising the right to fair trial, and aspects of the right to trial include the right to a defect-free judgment, such right ought to be exercised only provided that the relevant application moved for is defect-free as well. Making the effectiveness of an application for the drafting and submitting of judgment justification dependent on the delivery of the operative part of a judgment concerns both the act of filing a letter with the court and submitting the same at an operator’s postal premises.
The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis and progression of neoplasms
Authors: Zielińska Kinga , Kwasniak Konrad , Tabarkiewicz Jacek , Karczmarek-Borowska Bożenna
Published: October 2018

Cytokines play an important role in the functioning of the immune system. Studies have reported an increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines by the neoplasms. Inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of various diseases; it is also a risk factor for the development and progression of a neoplasm, as exemplified by the development of cancer in the region of the head and neck in response to chronic inflammation caused by irritants present, e.g. in cigarette smoke. Cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF, IL-8, IL-17), which take part in the inflammatory response and are, therefore, strongly involved in the development of cancer. The combined action of cytokines produced by the neoplastic cells via multiple mechanisms, modulates cell response of the host immune system. Clinical observations suggest that cancer patients show a progressive disorder of the immune system, resulting in tumor progression. The mechanisms conducive to the weakening or lack of an immune response to neoplastic antigens contribute to the severity of the invasion of cancerous lesions. Although mechanisms that occur between tumor cells, the micro-environment of the tumor and immune cells of the host are not thoroughly known, previous research point to the importance of this interaction in oncogenesis, which may ultimately affect the prognosis.
Coaching e feedback durante os exercícios iniciais em aulas de voz de nível avançado
Authors:   University of New South Wales, Burwell Kim
Published: October 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar a interação entre professor e aluno no ensino e aprendizagem vocal durante os exercícios iniciais em aulas de voz de nível avançado. Um professor especialista de canto foi observado em aulas individuais com seis estudantes de graduação e gravações em vídeo das aulas são descritas e interpretadas em termos de comportamento colaborativo, com especial referência ao coaching e ao feedback. Os resultados apontam para procedimentos de natureza instrutiva, ou seja, com o professor dominando o diálogo verbal e direcionando a atividade dos alunos juntamente com procedimentos multimodais nos quais o professor baseia-se nas comunicações verbal, vocal e gestual para dar suporte ao aprendizado do aluno. Argumenta-se que a natureza complexa e desafiadora do aprendizado e do ensino de voz de nível avançado dá origem a práticas especializadas que devem ser abordadas e compreendidas no seu contexto específico.
Modelo conceitual para a compreensão da ansiedade na performance musical
Authors:   Universidade de Nicósia (UNTLI), Papageorgi Ioulia , Hallam Susan ,   UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK, Welch Graham ,   UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK, Zanon Fernanda Torchia ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Published: October 2018

A maior parte das pesquisas realizadas sobre Ansiedade na Performance Musical (APM) tem considerado sua relação com as características internas do intérprete musical, a condição de preparação para a performance e fatores relativos ao ambiente no momento da execução. Os métodos para o seu alívio geralmente têm natureza clínica. Poucas pesquisas situam-se ao redor de um modelo conceitual explícito e abrangente. Este artigo propõe um quadro teórico que retrata a ansiedade no contexto da performance musical como um processo que tem uma dimensão clara de tempo (pré-, durante e pós-performance). O modelo ilustra os prováveis processos que ocorrem a partir do momento em que um artista concorda em participar de uma performance específica e explica como eles podem dar origem tanto a formas mal adaptativas quanto adaptativas da ansiedade na performance. Os efeitos potenciais a longo prazo sobre o artista também são discutidos. Uma descrição detalhada do modelo e as teorias por trás do seu desenvolvimento são seguidas por uma consideração das implicações do modelo e da sua potencial utilidade para pesquisa e educação.
Effect of water extraction of true hemp seeds (Cannabis sativa L.) on legume plants in the organogenesis stage I
Authors: Malinauskaitė Regina , Plioplytė Agnė
Published: October 2018

This article presents the research focusing on the effect of water extraction of true hemp seeds (Cannabis sativa L.) (50% concentration) of lupines (Lupinus augustifolius), beans (Pisum sativum) and peas (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the organogenesis stage I (seed germination, length of roots, height of shoots, ratio of root/shoot length). The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of the Institute of Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Aleksandras Stulginskis University in 2017. The control was distilled water. The experiment was repeated three times.
It has been determined that the water extraction of the true hemp seeds had no considerable effect on the germination of legume plants. The extract did not significantly stimulate the root and shoot elongation of the lupines ‘Max’ and ‘Snaigiai’.
The extract considerably shortened the root length of ‘Baltija’ beans by 1.59 times and the shoot length by 1.27 times. The hemp seeds shortened the root and shoot length of ‘Kiblukai’ peas by 1.45 and 1.94, respectively. The effect of the water extracts of true hemp seeds on the legume plants in the organogenesis stage I depended on their genotype.
Circulatory [food] systems: Icelandic bloodmaring, reproductive technologies, and the porosity of female agricultural bodies
Authors: Lally Anne Elyse
Published: October 2018

The integration of bloodmaring, the industry of harvesting blood from pregnant horses for the synthesis of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), into Icelandic agricultural forms exposes tenuous interconnections of agrarian life, supply chains, and market interests. Corporealities and biotechnology are intertwined intimately, creating strange bedfellows spanning species, lifeways, nations, and economies within the bucolic landscape of rural Iceland. Governed by biopharmaceutical supply chains, raw resources are obscured from the final medicalized product; a quagmire of interspecies sub-contractors flow through sterilized vials, condensing in the reproductive systems of livestock in North America. Within these networks, female bodies are commoditized and technologized, fused together, and manipulated to exploit their reproductive capacities on an international scale. This paper travels international agricultural networks by tracing the veins on a mare’s neck to the circuits through which blood is reformulated into a biopharmeceutical product biologically recycled in the bodies of other livestock. Engaging feminist theory on new materialisms, science studies, and human and nonhuman animal relationships, this paper provides a multispecies ethnography of bloodmaring by exploring female agricultural bodies ensnared and enlivened via food production supply chains.
Identification and expression analysis of chemosensory genes in the citrus fruit fly Bactrocera (Tetradacus) minax
Authors: Cheng Jun-Feng , Yu Ting , Chen Zhong-Jian , Chen Yu-Peng , Gao Lei , Zhang Wen-Hu , Jiang Bo , Bai Xue , Liu Jun , Lu Yong-Yue
Published: October 2018

The citrus fruit fly Bactrocera (Tetradacus) minax is a major and devastating agricultural pest in Asian subtropical countries. Previous studies have shown that B. minax interacts with hosts via an efficient chemosensory system. However, knowledge regarding the molecular components of the B. minax chemosensory system has not yet been well established. Herein, based on our newly generated whole-genome dataset for B. minax and by comparison with the characterized genomes of 6 other fruit fly species, we identified, for the first time, a total of 25 putative odorant-binding receptors (OBPs), 4 single-copy chemosensory proteins (CSPs) and 53 candidate odorant receptors (ORs). To further survey the expression of these candidate genes, the transcriptomes from three developmental stages (larvae, pupae and adults) of B. minax and Bactrocera dorsalis were analyzed. We found that 1) at the adult developmental stage, there were 14 highly expressed OBPs (FPKM>100) in B. dorsalis and 7 highly expressed OBPs in B. minax; 2) the expression of CSP3 and CSP4 in adult B. dorsalis was higher than that in B. minax; and 3) most of the OR genes exhibited low expression at the three developmental stages in both species. This study on the identification of the chemosensory system of B. minax not only enriches the existing research on insect olfactory receptors but also provides new targets for preventative control and ecological regulation of B. minax in the future.
Neurogenic pulmonary edema
Authors: Sing Ronald F. , Sing Robert F. , Locke Charles F.S.
Published: October 2018

Neurogenic pulmonary edema is a potential complication of severe central nervous system insult. In the patient described, neurogenic pulmonary edema resulted from gunshot injuries to the head. Aggressive supportive care and intravenous administration of dopamine successfully resolved this pulmonary complication. Although such treatment is crucial in patients with possibly reversible central nervous system injury, the patient described had irreversible brain injury. The authors discuss current theories of the pathogenesis as well as diagnosis and treatment options.
Osteopathic medicine: A call for reform
Authors: Meyer Christopher T. , Price Albert
Published: October 2018

During the past 40 years, the osteopathic medical profession has undergone a transformation from "osteopathy" to "osteopathic medicine." The former was characterized by manipulative treatment; the latter, by full-service healthcare. During this transformation, the profession has won acceptance from the government, the military, and MDs. These changes in status have resulted in new problems for the profession because DO graduates are increasingly turning toward allopathic programs for residency training. Thus, osteopathic medicine's primary care orientation is being replaced by an emphasis on specialty training. The authors propose that osteopathic medicine return to its original mission of primary care, abandon or restrict specialty training to those who have completed primary care residencies, and rethink its separate-but-equal posture. They also propose that osteopathic medicine establish lines of communication with allopathic medicine, the American Medical Association, and the government to facilitate the development of a rational national policy for primary care that considers the potential osteopathic medicine has to offer in meeting the nation's primary care needs.
Molecular characterization of the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)beta-actingene promoter
Authors: Yan Junjun , Gao Qiang , Cui Zongbin , Yang Guoliang , Long Yong
Published: October 2018

Constitutive promoters are important tools for gene function studies and transgenesis. TheBeta-actin(actb1) gene promoter has been isolated from many species but remains to be cloned from the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). In this study, we cloned and characterized theMractb1gene promoter. Two alternative promoters were identified for theMractb1gene, which direct the generation of two transcripts with different 5′ untranslated regions. Three CpG islands were predicted in the upstream sequence, which are intimately related to transcription initiation and promoter activity. In addition to the CCAAT-box and the CArG-box, molecular dissection of the flanking sequence revealed the existence of one negative and two positive elements in the upstream region and the first intron. Finally, theMractb1promoter demonstrated comparative activity to the carp (Cyprinus carpio)actb1promoter. Our investigations provide a valuable genetic tool for gene function studies and shed light on the regulation of theMractb1gene.
Creating functional groups of marine fish from categorical traits
Authors: Ladds Monique A. , Sibanda Nokuthaba , Arnold Richard , Dunn Matthew R.
Published: October 2018

Background

Functional groups serve two important functions in ecology: they allow for simplification of ecosystem models and can aid in understanding diversity. Despite their important applications, there has not been a universally accepted method of how to define them. A common approach is to cluster species on a set of traits, validated through visual confirmation of resulting groups based primarily on expert opinion. The goal of this research is to determine a suitable procedure for creating and evaluating functional groups that arise from clustering nominal traits.

Methods

To do so, we produced a species by trait matrix of 22 traits from 116 fish species from Tasman Bay and Golden Bay, New Zealand. Data collected from photographs and published literature were predominantly nominal, and a small number of continuous traits were discretized. Some data were missing, so the benefit of imputing data was assessed using four approaches on data with known missing values. Hierarchical clustering is utilised to search for underlying data structure in the data that may represent functional groups. Within this clustering paradigm there are a number of distance matrices and linkage methods available, several combinations of which we test. The resulting clusters are evaluated using internal metrics developed specifically for nominal clustering. This revealed the choice of number of clusters, distance matrix and linkage method greatly affected the overall within- and between- cluster variability. We visualise the clustering in two dimensions and the stability of clusters is assessed through bootstrapping.

Results

Missing data imputation showed up to 90% accuracy using polytomous imputation, so was used to impute the real missing data. A division of the species information into three functional groups was the most separated, compact and stable result. Increasing the number of clusters increased the inconsistency of group membership, and selection of the appropriate distance matrix and linkage method improved the fit.

Discussion

We show that the commonly used methodologies used for the creation of functional groups are fraught with subjectivity, ultimately causing significant variation in the composition of resulting groups. Depending on the research goal dictates the appropriate strategy for selecting number of groups, distance matrix and clustering algorithm combination.
Recent advances and challenges on application of tissue engineering for treatment of congenital heart disease
Authors: Mantakaki Antonia , Fakoya Adegbenro Omotuyi John , Sharifpanah Fatemeh
Published: October 2018

Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects a considerable number of children and adults worldwide. This implicates not only developmental disorders, high mortality, and reduced quality of life but also, high costs for the healthcare systems. CHD refers to a variety of heart and vascular malformations which could be very challenging to reconstruct the malformed region surgically, especially when the patient is an infant or a child. Advanced technology and research have offered a better mechanistic insight on the impact of CHD in the heart and vascular system of infants, children, and adults and identified potential therapeutic solutions. Many artificial materials and devices have been used for cardiovascular surgery. Surgeons and the medical industry created and evolved the ball valves to the carbon-based leaflet valves and introduced bioprosthesis as an alternative. However, with research further progressing, contracting tissue has been developed in laboratories and tissue engineering (TE) could represent a revolutionary answer for CHD surgery. Development of engineered tissue for cardiac and aortic reconstruction for developing bodies of infants and children can be very challenging. Nevertheless, using acellular scaffolds, allograft, xenografts, and autografts is already very common. Seeding of cells on surface and within scaffold is a key challenging factor for use of the above. The use of different types of stem cells has been investigated and proven to be suitable for tissue engineering. They are the most promising source of cells for heart reconstruction in a developing body, even for adults. Some stem cell types are more effective than others, with some disadvantages which may be eliminated in the future.
Phosphate sorption and desorption by two contrasting volcanic soils of equatorial Africa
Authors: Gonzalez-Rodriguez Sara , Fernandez-Marcos Maria Luisa
Published: October 2018

Volcanic soils cover 1% of the Earth’s surface but support 10% of the world’s population. They are among the most fertile soils in the world, due to their excellent physical properties and richness in available nutrients. The major limiting factor for plant growth in volcanic soils is phosphate fixation, which is mainly attributable to active species of aluminium and iron. The sorption and desorption of phosphate is studied on the surface horizons of two African agricultural soils, a silandic Andosol (Rwanda) and a vitric Andosol (São Tomé and Principe). Both soils are slightly acid. The silandic Andosol is rich in active aluminium forms, while the vitric Andosol has high amounts of crystalline iron and aluminium oxides. Sorption isotherms were determined by equilibrating at 293K soil samples with phosphate solutions of concentrations between 0 and 100 mg P L−1 in NaNO3; phosphate was determined by visible spectrophotometry in the equilibrium solution. To study desorption, the soil samples from the sorption experiment were equilibrated with 0.02 M NaNO3. The isotherms were adjusted to mathematical models. In almost all the concentration range, the adsorption of phosphate by the silandic Andosol was greater than 90% of the amount added, being lower in the vitric Andosol but always higher than 65%. The high sorption by the silandic Andosol is attributed to its richness in non-crystalline Fe and Al, while in the vitric Andosol crystalline iron species seem to play a relevant role in the adsorption. The sorption isotherms of both soils fitted to the Temkin model, the adjustment to the Langmuir or Freundlich models being unsatisfactory; throughout the range studied, the sorption increases with increasing phosphorus concentration, a maximum sorption is not predictable (as occurs when the sorption is adjusted to the Langmuir model). For an added P concentration of 100 mg L−1 (3.2 mmol L−1), the sorption is 47.7 µmol P g−1 in the silandic Andosol and 41.6 µmol P g−1 in the vitric Andosol. The desorption is low and the comparison of the sorption and desorption isotherms reveals a pronounced hysteresis, that is, the irreversibility of the sorption. The high phosphate sorption and its irreversibility are comparable to those published for other volcanic soils with high contents of allophane, active aluminium and free iron. The strong phosphate adsorption is a serious limiting factor for plant growth, which requires a careful management of phosphorus fertilization.
Ultra High Strength Stainless Steels Obtained by Quenching‐Deformation‐Partitioning (QDP) Processing
Authors: Wendler Marco , Hauser Michael , Motylenko Mykhaylo , Mola Javad , Krüger Lutz , Volkova Olena
Published: October 2018

A novel Quenching‐Deformation‐Partitioning (QDP) processing is applied to the Fe–19Cr–4Ni–3Mn–0.5Si–0.14N–0.16C (wt%) TRIP/TWIP steel with a microstructure consisting of austenite and 4 vol% δ‐ferrite in the solution annealed (SA) condition. The QDP processing involves pre‐straining at −40 °C followed by partitioning at 450 °C for 3 min. The volume fraction of strain‐induced α′‐martensite after an engineering pre‐strain of 25% at −40 °C is about 56 vol%. In spite of the formation of precipitates inside the α′‐martensite during partitioning, the austenite is enriched with the interstitial elements C and N. After QDP processing, the steel exhibits outstanding mechanical properties, for example, a yield strength of 1330 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 1490 MPa, and a total elongation of 16% at room temperature (RT). The yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength increase by 290% and 70%, respectively, with respect to the SA condition. The reduction of the tensile test temperature from 100 °C to −40 °C results in a concurrent enhancement of strength and ductility. The enhancement of tensile ductility at lower temperatures is explained by the enhanced glide planarity originating from the facilitated dissociation of perfect dislocations into Shockley partials.
Ultrastrong and High‐Stroke Wireless Soft Actuators through Liquid–Gas Phase Change
Authors: Boyvat Mustafa , Vogt Daniel M. , Wood Robert J.
Published: October 2018

Soft actuators and robots, which depart from classical paradigms in rigid robot construction, increase the safety of robot–human and robot–environment interactions, bring superior adaptation capabilities, and extend the range of robotic operations to fragile and sensitive objects and environments. Pneumatic soft actuators are a key building block for soft robotics due to their inherent simplicity, high forces, and large strokes. However, pressure lines connected to large pumps, regulators, and valves put significant mobility limitations on these actuators. Recently, it has been demonstrated that by using phase changes of liquids, pumps can be eliminated in favor of on‐board pressure generation. Here, it is shown that power and control of soft actuators can be realized through phase change of liquids stimulated by inductor‐capacitor resonant receivers placed in an external magnetic field. The method requires no pumps, no external fluidic or electrical wiring, and no batteries on‐board, leading to the possibility of small and low profile wireless soft actuators and robots which can operate for long durations. The phase change enables ultrahigh forces and high strokes with a small volume of active material. An ultralow profile, strong and soft pneumatic bellows‐style actuator powered and controlled wirelessly demonstrates the potential of this technique.
Adaptable Hydrogels Mediate Cofactor‐Assisted Activation of Biomarker‐Responsive Drug Delivery via Positive Feedback for Enhanced Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Kunyu , Jia Zhaofeng , Yang Boguang , Feng Qian , Xu Xiao , Yuan Weihao , Li Xingfu , Chen Xiaoyu , Duan Li , Wang Daping , Bian Liming
Published: October 2018

The targeted and simultaneous delivery of diverse cargoes with vastly different properties by the same vehicle is highly appealing but challenging. Here, a bioactive nanocomposite hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid and self‐assembled pamidronate‐magnesium nanoparticles for the localized elution and on‐demand simultaneous release of bioactive ions and small molecule drugs is described. The obtained nanocomposite hydrogels exhibit excellent injectability and efficient stress relaxation, thereby allowing easy injection and consequent adaptation of hydrogels to bone defects with irregular shapes. Magnesium ions released from the hydrogels promote osteogenic differentiation of the encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and activation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The activated ALP subsequently catalyzes the dephosphorylation (activation) of Dex phosphate, a pro‐drug of Dex, and expedites the release of Dex from hydrogels to further promote hMSC osteogenesis. This positive feedback circuit governing the activation and release of Dex significantly enhances bone regeneration at the hydrogel implantation sites. The findings suggest that these injectable nanocomposite hydrogels mediate optimized release of diverse therapeutic cargoes and effectively promote in situ bone regeneration via minimally invasive procedures.
Blood‐based dynamic genomic signature for obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Wang Yuan , Cheng Changming , Zhang Zongfeng , Wang Jianyu , Wang Yao , Li Xiaoping , Gao Rui , Wang Zhen , Fang Yiru , Wang Jijun , Wang Min , Fan Qing , Periya Sanggetha , Zhang Haiyin , Tsuang Ming T. , Liew Choong‐Chin
Published: October 2018

No biologically based diagnostic criteria are in clinical use today for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder (MDD), which are defined with reference to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual clinical symptoms alone. However, these disorders cannot always be well distinguished on clinical grounds and may also be comorbid. A biological blood‐based dynamic genomic signature that can differentiate among OCD, MDD, and schizophrenia would therefore be of great utility. This study enrolled 77 patients with OCD, 67 controls with no psychiatric illness, 39 patients with MDD, and 40 with schizophrenia. An OCD‐specific gene signature was identified using blood gene expression analysis to construct a predictive model of OCD that can differentiate this disorder from healthy controls, MDD, and schizophrenia using a logistic regression algorithm. To verify that the genes selected were not derived as a result of chance, the algorithm was tested twice. First, the algorithm was used to predict the cohort with true disease/control status and second, the algorithm predicted the cohort with disease/control status randomly reassigned (null set). A six‐gene panel (COPS7A, FKBP1A, FIBP, TP73‐AS1, SDF4, and GOLGA8A) discriminated patients with OCD from healthy controls, MDD, and schizophrenia in the training set (with an area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristic curve of 0.938; accuracy, 86%; sensitivity, 88%; and specificity, 85%). Our findings indicate that a blood transcriptomic signature can distinguish OCD from healthy controls, MDD, and schizophrenia. This finding further confirms the feasibility of using dynamic blood‐based genomic signatures in psychiatric disorders and may provide a useful tool for clinical staff engaged in OCD diagnosis and decision making.
Umpolung of Carbonyl Groups as Alkyl Organometallic Reagent Surrogates for Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation
Authors: Zhu Dianhu , Lv Leiyang , Li Chen‐Chen , Ung Sosthene , Gao Jian , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: October 2018

Palladium‐catalyzed allylic alkylation of nonstabilized carbon nucleophiles is difficult and remains a major challenge. Reported here is a highly chemo‐ and regioselective direct palladium‐catalyzed C‐allylation of hydrazones, generated from carbonyls, as a source of umpolung unstabilized alkyl carbanions and surrogates of alkyl organometallic reagents. Contrary to classical allylation techniques, this umpolung reaction utilizes hydrazones prepared not only from aryl aldehydes but also from alkyl aldehydes and ketones as renewable feedstocks. This strategy complements the palladium‐catalyzed coupling of unstabilized nucleophiles with allylic electrophiles by providing an efficient and selective catalytic alternative to the traditional use of highly reactive alkyl organometallic reagents.
Selective Degradation of Polo‐like Kinase 1 by a Hydrophobically Tagged Inhibitor of the Polo‐Box Domain
Authors: Rubner Stefan , Scharow Andrej , Schubert Sabine , Berg Thorsten
Published: October 2018

Hydrophobic tagging (HT) of bioactive compounds can induce target degradation via the proteasomal pathway. The first application of hydrophobic tagging to an existing inhibitor of protein–protein interactions is now presented. We developed Poloxin‐2HT by fusing an adamantyl tag to Poloxin‐2, an inhibitor of the polo‐box domain of the protein kinase Plk1, which is a target for tumor therapy. Poloxin‐2HT selectively reduced the protein levels of Plk1 in HeLa cells and had a significantly stronger effect on cell viability and the induction of apoptosis than the untagged PBD inhibitor Poloxin‐2. The change in cellular phenotype associated with the addition of the hydrophobic tag to Poloxin‐2 demonstrated that Poloxin‐2HT targets Plk1 in living cells. Our data validate hydrophobic tagging of selective inhibitors of protein–protein interactions as a novel strategy to target and destroy disease‐relevant proteins.
A Microstructured Graphene/Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Membrane for Intelligent Solar Water Evaporation
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Liu Feng , Liao Qihua , Yao Houze , Geng Hongya , Cheng Huhu , Li Chun , Qu Liangti
Published: October 2018

Intelligent solar water evaporation (iSWE) was achieved with a thermally responsive and microstructured graphene/poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (mG/PNIPAm) membrane. As the solar intensity varies, the water evaporation is tuned through reversible transformations of microstructures reminiscent of the stomatal opening and closing of leaves. Consequently, this mG/PNIPAm membrane displays a high water evaporation rate change (ΔWER) of 1.66 kg m−2 h−1 under weak sunlight (intensity<1 sun) and a low ΔWER of 0.24 kg m−2 h−1 under intense sunlight (1 sun<intensity<2 sun). Because of the double‐layer structure with predictable shape and dynamics, the leaf‐like membrane can further autonomously modulate the water evaporation by self‐curling under intense solar irradiation in accordance with simulation results. This mG/PNIPAm membrane provides a smart material platform with self‐adaptability in response to changing environments.
Bonding of Two 8‐Electron Superatom Clusters
Authors: Jin Shan , Zou Xuejuan , Xiong Lin , Du Wenjun , Wang Shuxin , Pei Yong , Zhu Manzhou
Published: October 2018

We report the observation of dimerization of two 8‐electron superatom cluster units in the crystallographic structures of Au2Ag42(SAdm)27(BPh4) and [Au2Ag48(S‐tBu)20(Dppm)6Br11]Br(BPh4)2 nanoclusters. The crystallographic analysis reveals that both nanoclusters have a Au2Ag24 core made of two separated icosahedral without sharing metal atoms, and each icosahedron has an eight‐electron (8e) closed shell (1S21P6). The valence electronic structures of these two nanoclusters are analogous to that of a Ne atom dimer (Ne2) according to the density functional theory (DFT) analysis. This is the first crystallographic observation of the dimerization of 8‐electron superatom units. This study enriches the fundamental knowledge on metal superatom clusters and implies the possibility for further assembling metal superatom building blocks into higher order superatom molecules.
Efficient Palladium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Arylative Carbocyclization of Enallenynes
Authors: Liu Jie , Ricke Alexander , Yang Bin , Bäckvall Jan‐E.
Published: October 2018

Herein, we communicate a selective and efficient protocol for oxidative arylating carbocyclization of enallenynes using O2 as the oxidant. The key to success for this aerobic transformation is the application of a specific electron transfer mediator (ETM), a bifunctional catalyst consisting of a metal‐macrocycle and quinone moieties. This catalyst significantly facilitates the reoxidation of Pd0 to PdII under atmospheric pressure of O2. Diverse functionalized enallenynes react with aryl boronic acids to afford the corresponding cyclic tetraenes in moderate to good yields.