bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Simple and Efficient Path for the Synthesis Antineoplastic Agent
(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-(6-Amino-2-Chloropurin-9-yl)-4-Fluoro-2-(Hydroxymethyl)
oxolan-3-ol (Clofarabine)
Authors: Nagarapu Laxmi Kumari , Sudhakar Chithaluri , Namana Suresh Babu
Published: February 2024

Clofarabine (1) is an anticancer agent used to treat acute leukemia. This work discloses the
efforts to develop a convenient, environmentally benign, and high-yielding synthetic protocol leading
to Clofarabine (1). The synthesis includes bromination of 2-deoxy-2-β-fluoro-1,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-1-
α-D-ribofuranose (6), followed by C-N coupling with a 2,6-dichloro purine (4) and selective amination
consecutively. The proposed total synthesis comprises five steps to afford an overall yield of 65-
70% with 99.85% purity. The present process provides preparation of Clofarabine (1) using a simple
purification process with lesser reaction time, better yield, and purity without using toxic and pyrophoric
chemicals.
A Linear and Stereoselective Approach for the Synthesis of Dapoxetine
from Benzaldehyde
Authors: Chinta Ramakoteswara Rao , Paridala Kumaraswamy , Tulam Vijay Kumar
Published: February 2024

In addition to providing a succinct pathway for the stereoselective synthesis of dapoxetine,
a potent SSRI employed in the treatment of premature ejaculation, this study highlights the strategic
use of Ellman's sulfinamide as a chiral auxiliary. The key method involves the diastereoselective
allylation of (S,E)-N-Benzylidenesulfinamide, resulting in the desired S-configuration critical for the
pharmacological activity of dapoxetine. The utilization of readily available benzaldehyde as the starting
material and 1-naphthol as a late-stage coupling partner contributes to the economic feasibility of
the synthesis. Especially, the linear synthetic approach adopted in this study employs simplified and
more efficient protocols for various transformations, culminating in an overall yield of 26%. This
research not only presents a practical synthetic route for dapoxetine, but also underscores the importance
of cost-effective and streamlined methodologies in drug development processes.
Recent Advances in Biginelli Reaction using Nanoparticles, Zeolites and
Metal Compounds as Catalyst: A Concise Review
Authors: Bhatt Bhaktiben R. , Dixit Bharat C. , Kataria Vipul B. , Dixit Ritu B. , Saiyad Shaffiq
Published: February 2024

The year 1891 is considered as a historic year in chemical science due to the introduction
of novel heterocyclic compounds by P. Biginelli. The classical Biginelli reaction offers 3,4-
dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones in occupancy of acids like Broansted and Lewis. Multifaceted
Dihydropyrimidones (DHPMs) have gained much importance due to their high biological activities.
Several nanoparticles, zeolites and metal compounds are disclosed to improve the yield of this product.
This review subsumes the evolution and effectiveness of catalysts. It summarises the main synthetic
routes which are known to obtain DHPMs using these catalysts. The majority of these catalysts
delivered satisfying catalytic activity which was more than 80% in the vicinity of producing Biginelli
adducts. We hope this review article will be useful to researchers in terms of obtaining higher yields
in a shorter time using easily available and reusable catalysts.
Relationships between Size-specific Dose Estimate and Signal to Noise Ratio
under Chest CT Examinations with Tube Current Modulation
Authors: Qin Tian , Wang Jing , Wang Mengting , Gu Ye , Xie Zongyu , Liang Baohui
Published: February 2024

Purpose::

Exploring the relationship between the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of organs and size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) in tube current modulation
(TCM) chest CT examination.

Methods::

Forty patients who received TCM chest CT scanning were retrospectively collected and divided into four groups according to the tube voltage and
sexes. We chose to set up the region of interest (ROI) at the tracheal bifurcation and its upper and lower parts in slice images of the heart, aorta,
lungs, paracranial muscles, and female breast, and the SNR of each organ was calculated. We also calculated the corresponding axial volume CT
dose index (CTDIvolz) and axial size-specific dose estimate (SSDEz).

Results::

The correlation analysis showed that the correlation between the SNR of the slice images of most organs and SSDEz was more significant than 0.8,
and that between the SNR and CTDIvol was more significant than 0.7. The simple linear regression analysis results showed that when the sex is
the same, the SNR of the same organ at 100kVp was higher than 120kVp, except for the lung. In multiple regression analysis, the result indicated
that the determination coefficients of the SNR and SSDEz of the four groups were 0.934, 0.971, 0.905, and 0.709, respectively.

Conclusion::

In chest CT examinations with TCM, the correlation between the SNR of each organ in slice images and SSDEz was better than that of CTDIvolz.
And when the SSDEz was the same, the SNR at 100 kVp was better than that at 120 kVp.
Clinical Presentations, MDCT Features, and Treatment of Three Types of Adult
Intussusceptions Based on the Location
Authors: Dong Qiu-jie , Shi Jing , Zhang Chun-lai , Li Xiao-guang , Chen Xiao , Wang Yi
Published: February 2024

Purpose::

This study aimed to explore the similarities and differences in clinical presentations, multidetector computed tomographic (MDCT) features, and
treatment of three types of adult intussusceptions based on location

Methods::

We retrospectively reviewed 184 adult patients with 192 intussusceptions. Depending on the location, intussusceptions were classified as enteric,
ileocolic, and colonic types. The similarities and differences of clinical presentations, MDCT features, and treatment of three types of adult
intussusception were compared. Meanwhile, the three types of intussusceptions were further divided into surgical and conservative groups based
on the treatment. Uni- and multivariate logistic analyses were used to identify risk factors for intussusception requiring surgery.

Results::

Enteric and ileocolic intussusceptions were mainly presented with abdominal pain (78.46% and 85.71%). Hematochezia/melena (64.29%) was the
main symptom of colonic intussusception. On MDCT, ileocolic intussusceptions were longer in length and had more signs of intestinal necrosis
(hypodense layer, fluid collection and no/poor bowel wall enhancement) than enteric and colonic intussusceptions. Moreover, it was found that
93.88% (46/49) of ileocolic intussusception and 98.59% (70/71) of colonic intussusception belonged to the surgical group, whereas only 43.06%
(31/72) of enteric intussusception belonged to the surgical group. Intussusception length (OR=1.171, P=0.028) and discernible lead point on
MDCT (OR=21.003, P<0.001) were reliable indicators of enteric intussusception requiring surgery.

Conclusion::

Ileocolic intussusception may be more prone to intestinal necrosis than enteric and colonic intussusceptions, requiring more attention from
clinicians. Surgery remains the treatment of choice for most ileocolic and colonic intussusceptions. Less than half of enteric intussusceptions
require surgery, and MDCT features are effective in identifying them.
Recent Progress in Isolating and Purifying Amide Alkaloids from their
Natural Habitats: A Review
Authors: Sharma Himanchal , Pathak Divya , Kumar Sachin
Published: February 2024

:

Alkaloids are nitrogen-containing chemical compounds found in nature. Many alkaloids
are heterocyclic in nature. They are nitrogen-based organic compounds with the nitrogen
atoms enclosed in a heterocyclic ring. The chemical "pro alkaloid" is derived from the alkyl
amines in it. Many ancient people, long before the advent of organic chemistry, recognized that
many of these substances have measurable effects on the body's physiological functions. Alkaloids
are a type of natural substances that are classified as secondary metabolites. Many different
types of organisms create alkaloids, which are a class of natural products. Alkaloids showed antifungal,
local anesthetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, analgesic, neuropharmacologic, antimicrobial,
and many other activities. Amines, as opposed to alkaloids, are the more common classification
for naturally occurring compounds that contain nitrogen in the exocyclic position (such
as mescaline, serotonin, and dopamine). An amide molecule has a nitrogen atom that is chemically
bound to a carbon atom in the carbonyl group. The -oic acid ending of the corresponding carboxylic
acid is converted to -amide to form the correct nomenclature for an amide. This article
offers an overview of numerous techniques for extracting, separating, and purifying alkaloids for
use in natural medicine.
Improving Women's Health and Immunity: A Thorough Mapping Micronutrients and Dietary Recommendations
Authors: Pal Rashmi Saxena , Pal Yogendra , Lalitha Chaitanya Motamarri Venkata Naga , Sharma Neha , Rani Anjana , Kumar Shubham , Srivastava Preeti
Published: February 2024

In particular, throughout life, women's health depends on having an ideal micronutrient
level. Thus, pregnancy outcomes and the long-term health of a woman's offspring are significantly
influenced by her physical and nutritional well-being during the preconception stage. Various nutrients
are required in sufficient amounts to fulfill the requirements at the various phases in the life of
females. Our analysis of the state of nutrition shows illnesses connected to micronutrient deficiencies,
particularly anemia and its related deficiencies. Peer-reviewed publication databases and publicly
available data from international and national sources were targeted in a structured literature search
to sort out the direct or indirect association between the different micronutrients, their levels, sources
and significance in the various stages of life of females. The goal of the current review is to identify
any direct or indirect relationships between the numerous micronutrients, their sources, concentrations,
and importance at different phases of female development.
Evaluation of Urolithin A Efficacy in Heart Failure Patients with
Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Randomized, Double-blind, Crossover,
Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Hasanpour Maede , Vakilian Farveh , Penson Peter E. , Iranshahy Milad , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: February 2024

Background:

Mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired mitophagy are integral to
myocyte loss and the progression of heart failure. Urolithin A (UA), a microbiota-produced
metabolite of ellagitannins and ellagic acid, is a known stimulator of mitophagy and
mitochondrial biogenesis that has shown cardioprotective effects in experimental models.

Methods:

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 2×2 crossover trial was conducted on
10 patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The trial design involved two 4-
week intervention periods of UA (500 mg BID) and placebo, separated by a 2-week washout
phase. The patients underwent two-dimensional echocardiogram examination as well as blood
sampling at the beginning and end of each period.

Results:

All patients completed the study. The results failed to reveal any significant effect of
UA supplementation on echocardiographic measures (LVEF, LVEDD, LVESV, and TAPSE).
Plasma concentrations of pro-BNP, glucose, and CRP (p >0.05) were also not altered. Serum
HDL-C levels were increased with UA compared with placebo (+6.46 ± 2.33 mg/dL, p =0.026),
whereas other lipid indices (LDL-C, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and VLDL-C) remained
unchanged (p >0.05).

Conclusion:

The results of the present study do not support any positive effect of UA
supplementation in improving echocardiographic and biochemical indices of HFrEF. Further studies
with higher doses of UA and longer supplementation duration are encouraged to be conducted.
Promising Pharmaceutical Compounds of Marine Tunicates: Their Chemistry and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Ramesh Santhanam , Santhanam Ramasamy , Sankar Veintramuthu
Published: February 2024

This chapter deals with the pharmaceutically important species of the
subphylum Tunicata of the phylum Chordata; their secondary metabolites and their
bioactivities.
Development of Interactive Learning Multimedia by Applying Contextual Teaching and Learning for Basic Graphic Design Subjects
Authors: Ayuriyanti Siswi Dwi , Surjono Herman Dwi
Published: February 2024

The objectives of this study were to 1) create interactive learning multimedia materials by incorporating contextual teaching and learning to aid students in understanding graphic design topics for class X, 2) examine the viability of interactive learning multimedia by incorporating contextual teaching and learning to fundamental design subjects, and 3) assess the efficacy of using interactive learning multimedia by incorporating contextual teaching and learning. The three stages of this research's development-planning, design, and development are based on the Alessi and Trollip model. A total of 36 students from class X Multimedia 2 at SMK N 2 Sewon served as the research participants, while X Multimedia 1 served as the control group. gathering information through observation, questionnaires, learning product assessments, and learning accomplishment tests the findings revealed that: 1) Multimedia interactive learning materials for the foundational subject of graphic design in class X multimedia semester 2 at SMK N 2 Sewon were prepared. 2) Students (87.77%; "extremely feasible"), media professionals (94.18%), and material specialists (84.16%) rate the viability of learning media. (3) When contextual teaching and learning are applied, interactive learning media are said to be quite successful at improving student learning results.
Using Discovery Learning and Problem-Based Learning to Increase Students' Motivation for Accomplishment
Authors: Suhada Sitti , Sunardi Sunardi , Amali Lanto Ningrayati , Katili Muhammad Rifai , Lahinta Agus , Kilo Juriah R.
Published: February 2024

According to initial observations made during the Basics of Computer Network Engineering and Telecommunications course in class X at TKJ SMK Negeri 5 Gorontalo, students were generally still passive and did not participate much in their education, preferring to listen to what their teachers said. This research aims to analyse: (1) the influence of the Problem Based Learning model on students' achievement motivation; (2) the influence of the Discovery learning model on students' achievement motivation; and (3) differences in achievement motivation between classes treated with Problem Based Learning. This study used a Non-equivalent Control Group Design research design in conjunction with a Quantitative Quasi-Experimental research method. This design consists of two groups that are not randomly selected, then given a pre-test to find out whether there are differences between the experimental group and the control group. The analytical test tool used in testing this research is the Paired Sample T-test with the following test results: (1) The Problem Based Learning model influences students' achievement motivation as indicated by the Sig value; (2) the Discovery Learning model influences students' achievement motivation as indicated by the Sig value (2-tailed) of 0.000 0.05. These results show that there are differences in the average achievement motivation of students in classes given the Discovery Learning model; and (3) Apart from that, the independent t test showed that there was no difference in achievement motivation between classes given the Problem Based Learning model and classes given the Discovery Learning model.
LoRA Gateway Coverage and Capacity Analysis for Supporting Monitoring Passive Infrastructure Fiber Optic in Urban Area
Authors: Enriko I Ketut Agung , Gustiyana Fikri Nizar , Giri Gede Chandrayana
Published: February 2024

In the era of digital transformation, telecommunications infrastructure has become the backbone of global connectivity. Optical Distribution Cabinet (ODC) is a crucial part of an optical network that distributes signals to various points in the network. Maintenance and monitoring of ODCs have become essential to ensure optimal availability and performance. However, conventional approaches are often expensive and difficult to implement. The objective of this study is to develop a LoRaWAN network with the purpose of determining the required number of gateways. Additionally, the research aims to devise an IoT-basedODC device monitoring system within the FTTH network, utilizing data from PT. Telkom Witel Bandung. The approach involves employing simulation techniques through the Atoll apps v 3.40. Multiple calculation stages are applied to expect RSSI and SINR parameters within an area spanning 188.96 km². The study employs a frequency of 920 MHz, a bandwidth of 125 kHz, and a spreading factor of 10. The data analysis includes RSSI and SINR signals. As a result of calculations and planning simulations, this study recommended the use of nine gateways and achieved an RSSI parameter of -70. 35 dBm and a SINR parameter of 17. 33 dBm.
Classification of Beef and Pork Images Based on Color Features and Pseudo Nearest Neighbor Rule
Authors: Baiti Ahmad Awaluddin , Fachrie Muhammad , Diwandari Saucha
Published: February 2024

This research is motivated by the need for halal foods in Muslim society with the purpose of avoiding non-halal foods, such as pork, that are sold in the market. Although beef and pork basically have different characteristics, not all Muslims know the differences. Moreover, people nowadays sell beef mixed with pork to obtain more profits. Hence, this paper proposed the implementation of the Pseudo-Nearest Neighbor Rule (PNNR) in classifying images of beef and pork slices based on color features. Based on the image dataset that has been collected, the very significant difference that can be identified visually between beef and pork is the color. The color features were extracted from the image using a color histogram from two different color channels, RGB and HSV. As the result, PNNR that used color features from the RGB channel achieved up to 87.43% accuracy, while using the HSV channel, it can reach up to 93.78% of accuracy. Additionally, this paper evaluates the stability of the proposed method by assessing the variance of classification accuracy across different values of k. It is also noticed that PNNR’s performance is relatively consistent for various values of k compared to the traditional kNN algorithm.
Effect of Solanum aculeastrum on hematological parameters of Al-bino mice infected with Aspergillus
fumigatus
Authors: Allwi Al-Saffy Sara Ghalib , Abdalkareem Abdulshaheed Dalia
Published: February 2024

The goal of the current study was to research the changes in hematological parameters: WBC count, RBCs
count, Hb, PCV, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte in albino mice infected with Aspergillus fumigatus
by intraperitoneal injection after induced immunosuppression by intraperitoneal injection of cortisone. The
current research also examined an attempt to reduce the infection load by treating Solanum aculeastrum. The
result shows higher decreased significance (P≤0. 05) in RBCs, Hb, and PCV after being infected with A.
fumigatus 7. 1 ± 0. 8, 11. 3 ± 0. 5 and 41. 5 ± 2. 4, respectively, while the total WBC count, neutrophil,
lymphocyte, and monocytes were increased significantly (P≤0. 05) after treatment with S. aculeastrum in
groups infected with A. fumigatus, compared to other groups. According to these results, we conclude that the
alcoholic extract of S. Astrum has significant therapeutic and antifungal characteristics that lead to an increase
in the total WBC count and, therefore, is considered a necessary alternative therapy for increasing immunity.
Keywords: Cortisone, Hematology, Fungi, Iraq.
Root-shoot ratio and its relationships with physiological characteristics, growth and biomass yield of
Gynura procumbens under different shade levels and plant density
Authors: Ali Ahmed Omar , Mohammad Yusoff Martini , Misran Azizah , Megat Wahab Puteri Edaroyati , Abdualhamza Muttaleb Qusay
Published: February 2024

Gynura procumbens is one of the most common medicinal plants in the Asteraceae family, with extensive
pharmacological properties. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different shade levels (0
and 30% shade) and plant density (9, 15, and 25 plants m-2) on root-shoot ratio and it is a relationship with
physiology, growth, and biomass yield using split-plot design with three replications. Increasing shade level
to 30% shade significantly decreased root-shoot ratio (RSR) by22.54%, while total leaf dry weight per plant
(TLDW) and total leaf dry weight per square meter (TLDW m-2) increased by 35.64, 11.58, and 32.18%,
respectively due to negative correlation with RSR. Increasing plant density from 9 to 25 plants m-2 significantly increased RSR and TLDW m-2 by 67.71 and 18.54%, respectively, while TLDW decreased by 57.31%.
There was a negative correlation between RSR and biomass yield per plant. Under stressed conditions (full
sunlight and high plant density), G. procumbent plants appeared to change strategy to absorb limited resources,
allocate more biomass to the root system, and reduce aboveground parts' size to survive, resulting in high
RSR.
Keywords: Gynura procumbens, shade, plant density, root-shoot ratio, physiology, growth, biomass
Effect of injection with microelements, jasmonic and citric acid on some date palm c.v Khastawi yield
traits
Authors: Taha W. , Al-Hamdani Kh.A.S. , AL-Assal KH. N.
Published: February 2024

The study was conducted at the Ishaqi palm plant affiliated with the Department of Horticulture/Ministry of
Agriculture during the growing season of 2021 on date palm trees of the Khastawi variety to study the response
of the yield traits of the Khastawi date palm trees to the injection of microelements, jasmonic and citric acid.
The study included three factors: The first factor is the injection of microelements with three treatments: injection with water only, symbolized by D0, iron injection at a concentration of 300 mg, and iron sulfate. Palm1
, symbolized by D1, and boron injection through boric acid at a concentration of 40 mg Palm-1
, symbolized
by D2. The second factor is the treatment of injections with the Jasmonic growth regulator, which was injected
three days after the injection with the microelements and with the same number of additions (0, 50, 100)
micrograms. L-1 is symbolized by G0, G1, and G2 sequentially. The trees were injected with the microelements
and the Jasmonic growth regulator before Immunization, after vaccination in 20 days, and after 40 days. The
third factor was injection with citric acid and included three levels (0, 500, 1000) mg l-1 symbolized by S0, S1,
and S2 sequentially. The results showed that the D2 treatment was significantly superior in the average diameter, length, size and weight of the fruit and the total yield, as it reached 24.86 mm, 3.46 cm, 11.10 cm, 10.07
g, 36.00 kg.palm-1 sequentially, while the comparison treatment gave the lowest average for the traits. As for
the effect of jasmonic acid, the injection treatment was superior to (100 µg L-1
). (G2) gave the highest average
for the diameter, length, size, weight of the fruit, and the total yield, which reached 25.90 mm, 3.63 cm, 12.09
cm, 10.93 g, and 35.96 kg. Palm-1, respectively, while the comparison treatment gave the lowest average for
the traits above as for the effect of citric acid. The treatment exceeded 1000 mg.L-1 (S2) gave the highest rate
in the diameter, length, size, and weight of the fruit, and the total yield, reaching 24.84 mm, 3.49 cm, 11.13
cm, 9.04 g, and 36.30 kg. Palm-1, respectively, while the comparison treatment gave the lowest average for
the traits above, as the two- and three-interactions showed. The research factors have significant differences
for all the studied traits.
Keywords: Trace elements, jasmonic acid, citric acid, Khastawi variety.
Influence of Disease-Related Stigma on Patients’ Decisions to Upload Medical Reports to the German Electronic Health Record: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: von Kalckreuth Niklas , Feufel Markus A
Published: February 2024

Background

The rollout of the electronic health record (EHR) represents a central component of the digital transformation of the German health care system. Although the EHR promises more effective, safer, and faster treatment of patients from a systems perspective, the successful implementation of the EHR largely depends on the patient. In a recent survey, 3 out of 4 Germans stated that they intend to use the EHR, whereas other studies show that the intention to use a technology is not a reliable and sufficient predictor of actual use.

Objective

Controlling for patients’ intention to use the EHR, we investigated whether disease-specific risk perceptions related to the time course of the disease and disease-related stigma explain the additional variance in patients’ decisions to upload medical reports to the EHR.

Methods

In an online user study, 241 German participants were asked to interact with a randomly assigned medical report that varied systematically in terms of disease-related stigma (high vs low) and disease time course (acute vs chronic) and to decide whether to upload it to the EHR.

Results

Disease-related stigma (odds ratio 0.154, P<.001) offset the generally positive relationship between intention to use and the upload decision (odds ratio 2.628, P<.001), whereas the disease time course showed no effect.

Conclusions

Even if patients generally intend to use the EHR, risk perceptions such as those related to diseases associated with social stigma may deter people from uploading related medical reports to the EHR. To ensure the reliable use of this key technology in a digitalized health care system, transparent and easy-to-comprehend information about the safety standards of the EHR are warranted across the board, even for populations that are generally in favor of using the EHR.
Determinants of Citizens’ Intention to Participate in Self-Led Contact Tracing: Cross-Sectional Online Questionnaire Study (Preprint)
Authors: Helms Yannick Bernd , van der Meer Akke , Crutzen Rik , Ferreira José António , Kretzschmar Mirjam E E , Timen Aura , Hamdiui Nora , Stein Mart L
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Contact tracing (CT) is a key intervention to contain outbreaks of communicable diseases. During large-scale outbreaks, public health services may lack the resources required to perform CT effectively. One way of mitigating this issue is to shift some of the tasks in CT normally performed by public health services to cases and their contacts, supported by digital tools. We refer to this as “self-led CT.” However, while the effectiveness of the self-led CT inherently depends on the willingness and skills of citizens to participate, the determinants of citizens’ intention to participate in self-led CT are not yet fully understood.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to identify determinants of Dutch citizens’ intention to participate in self-led CT and assess their potential for behavioral change, so as to identify “behavior change targets,” which may be used in the development and implementation of self-led CT to increase citizens’ intention to participate.

METHODS

In March 2022, we performed an online cross-sectional questionnaire study. The questionnaire was developed based on findings from a previous exploratory semistructured interview study and distributed among a Dutch consumer panel. Using all questionnaire items as potential predictors, we performed a random forest analysis to identify determinants of citizens’ intention to participate in self-led CT. We then performed an Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis to identify groups of related determinants that may be considered overarching behavior change targets. Finally, we used Confidence Interval-Based Estimation of Relevance and calculated the Potential for Change Indices to compare the potential for behavioral change of the selected individual determinants and determinant clusters.

RESULTS

The questionnaire was completed by 3019 respondents. Our sample is representative of the Dutch population in terms of age, gender, educational level, and area of residence. Out of 3019 respondents, 2295 (76%) had a positive intention to participate in self-led CT. We identified 20 determinants of citizens’ intention that we grouped into 9 clusters. In general, increasing citizens’ trust in the digital tools developed for self-led CT has the highest potential to increase citizens’ intention, followed by increasing the belief that using digital tools makes participating in self-led CT easier, reducing privacy-related concerns, and increasing citizens’ willingness—and sense of responsibility—to cooperate in CT in general.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, Dutch citizens are positive toward participating in self-led CT. Our results provide directions for the development and implementation of self-led CT, which may be particularly useful in preparing for future, large-scale outbreaks.
A Cross-Study Analysis of Mobile EMA in Monitoring Behavior and Well-Being: Insights to Refine EMA Methods (Preprint)
Authors: Cook Diane , Walker Aiden , Minor Bryan , Luna Catherine , Tomaszewski Farias Sarah , Wiese Lisa , Weaver Raven , Schmitter-Edgecombe Maureen
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) offers an effective method to collect frequent, real-time data on an individual’s well-being. However, challenges exist in response consistency, completeness, and accuracy.

OBJECTIVE

This goal of this study is to analyze EMA responses across various settings, using data from multiple diverse studies to enhance the generalizability of conclusions. We analyze the influence of contextual factors on participant engagement with EMA prompts and inform improvements in EMA methodology.

METHODS

Data from 521 participants in nine clinical studies were analyzed using statistical and machine learning techniques. Data were collected with an in-house app on smartwatches or tablets for daily EMA responses. The analysis focused on response rate, completeness, quality, and alignment with sensor-observed behavior.

RESULTS

The average response rate (RR) was 79.04%. Participants were most responsive in the evening (75.41%) and on weekdays (70.22%), though results varied based on study demographics. RR correlation with the number of EMA questions at each session was r=-.335 (P<.001). RR correlations were also observed with sensor-detected activity level (r=.045, P<.001), being at home (r=.174, P<.001), and nearness to change points (r=.124, P<.001). In terms of response quality, the percentage of careless responses increased by .022 throughout the study (P<.001) and variance decreased by .363 (P<.001). For all analyses, differences in results were observed between the individual studies.

CONCLUSIONS

EMA response patterns are significantly influenced by participant demographics and study parameters. Tailoring EMA prompt strategies to specific participant characteristics can improve response rates and quality. Additionally, incorporating sensor-based behavior context enhances the effectiveness of EMA studies.
Enhancing Patient Outcome Prediction through Deep Learning with Sequential Diagnosis Codes from structural EHR: A systematic review (Preprint)
Authors: Hama Tuankasfee , Alsaleh Mohanad , Allery Freya , Choi Jung Won , Tomlinson Chris , Wu Honghan , Lai Alvina , Pontikos Nikolas , Thygesen Johan H.
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

There has been a rapid growth in the application of structured Electronic Health Records (EHRs) to healthcare systems, where huge amounts of diagnosis codes presenting the temporal event of the patient are collected. In the era of artificial intelligence, many models, especially Deep Learning (DL), are applied for patient outcome prediction. This systematic review aimed to identify DL models developed for sequential diagnosis codes for patient outcome prediction.

OBJECTIVE

The main objective of this systematic review is to identify and summarise existing DL studies predicting patient outcome using sequences of diagnosis codes, as a key part of their predictors. Additionally, this study also investigates the challenge of generalisability and explainability of the predictive models.

METHODS

In this review, we identified all relevant studies by using the following four databases: PubMed, Embase, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science. After that, we evaluated the included papers in various aspects: Deep learning techniques, characteristics of the dataset, prediction tasks, performance evaluation, generalizability, and explainability. We also assessed the risk of bias (PROBAST) and the concern of applicability.

RESULTS

In this review, 84 papers met the eligibility criteria and were selected, which showed the growing trend in this research area. Recurrent neural networks (RNN) (and their derivatives) (n = 47; 57.3%) and Transformers (n = 22; 26.8%) were the most popular architectures in DL-based models. Most studies present their input feature as sequence of visit embedding (n = 45; 53.6%). For the prediction tasks, the most common one is next visit diagnosis (n = 30; 23.4%), followed by heart failure (18; 14.1%), and mortality (n = 17; 13.3%). Only 7 studies evaluated their models in terms of generalisability. A positive correlation was observed between training sample size and model performance (AUROC) (p-value < 0.05). However, about 70% of included studies were found to have high risk of bias.

CONCLUSIONS

The application of deep learning in sequence of diagnosis has demonstrated remarkable promise in predicting patient outcomes. Using multiple types of features and integration of time intervals was found to improve the predictive performance. Addressing challenges related to generalisation and explainability will be instrumental in unlocking the full potential of DL for enhancing healthcare outcomes and patient care.

CLINICALTRIAL

This review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023434032).
Identification of a Susceptible and High-Risk Population for Postoperative Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome in Older Adults: Machine Learning–Based Predictive Model (Preprint)
Authors: Mai Haiyan , Lu Yaxin , Fu Yu , Luo Tongsen , Li Xiaoyue , Zhang Yihan , Liu Zifeng , Zhang Yuenong , Zhou Shaoli , Chen Chaojin
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a serious postoperative complication among older adult surgical patients that frequently develops into sepsis or even death. Notably, the incidences of SIRS and sepsis steadily increase with age. It is important to identify the risk of postoperative SIRS for older adult patients at a sufficiently early stage, which would allow preemptive individualized enhanced therapy to be conducted to improve the prognosis of older adult patients. In recent years, machine learning (ML) models have been deployed by researchers for many tasks, including disease prediction and risk stratification, exhibiting good application potential.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to develop and validate an individualized predictive model to identify susceptible and high-risk populations for SIRS in older adult patients to instruct appropriate early interventions.

METHODS

Data for surgical patients aged ≥65 years from September 2015 to September 2020 in 3 independent medical centers were retrieved and analyzed. The eligible patient cohort in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University was randomly separated into an 80% training set (2882 patients) and a 20% internal validation set (720 patients). We developed 4 ML models to predict postoperative SIRS. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), F1 score, Brier score, and calibration curve were used to evaluate the model performance. The model with the best performance was further validated in the other 2 independent data sets involving 844 and 307 cases, respectively.

RESULTS

The incidences of SIRS in the 3 medical centers were 24.3% (876/3602), 29.6% (250/844), and 6.5% (20/307), respectively. We identified 15 variables that were significantly associated with postoperative SIRS and used in 4 ML models to predict postoperative SIRS. A balanced cutoff between sensitivity and specificity was chosen to ensure as high a true positive as possible. The random forest classifier (RF) model showed the best overall performance to predict postoperative SIRS, with an AUC of 0.751 (95% CI 0.709-0.793), sensitivity of 0.682, specificity of 0.681, and F1 score of 0.508 in the internal validation set and higher AUCs in the external validation-1 set (0.759, 95% CI 0.723-0.795) and external validation-2 set (0.804, 95% CI 0.746-0.863).

CONCLUSIONS

We developed and validated a generalizable RF model to predict postoperative SIRS in older adult patients, enabling clinicians to screen susceptible and high-risk patients and implement early individualized interventions. An online risk calculator to make the RF model accessible to anesthesiologists and peers around the world was developed.
Emotional Intelligence: Linkage between Some Variables in Terms of University Students
Authors: Hakan Usakli
Published: February 2024

Why some youths introverted while some extroverts? Why some guys sad when get A and the others happy when C+? Why some teenagers date a different opposite sex in every weak while others date same partner from secondary school to graduation from university? Answers to these questions are seems to be hidden in emotional intelligence. 356 university students answered Bar-On E.I. (1997) 133 items questioner with indicating gander, program, class drama course taken. Female students seem to be more emotional intelligent than their male counter parts. Freshman, sophomores’ classes have more E.I. point than junior, and seniors. Social science program’ students are more emotional intelligent that science students. And the last one student who took drama course are seems to be more emotionally intelligent. These findings are parallel with other many research findings. These predictable results bring us to the question of what we can do for university students with insufficient emotional intelligence. Cultural excursions, student clubs, theater and drama activities are ready suggestions. However, further research should focus on whether these activities are in fact sufficient to develop emotional intelligence. Future studies should be conduct on experimental studies that explore effectiveness of emotional intelligence programs.
Quantum Vision Transformers
Authors: Cherrat El Amine , Kerenidis Iordanis , Mathur Natansh , Landman Jonas , Strahm Martin , Li Yun Yvonna
Published: February 2024

In this work, quantum transformers are designed and analysed in detail by extending the state-of-the-art classical transformer neural network architectures known to be very performant in natural language processing and image analysis. Building upon the previous work, which uses parametrised quantum circuits for data loading and orthogonal neural layers, we introduce three types of quantum transformers for training and inference, including a quantum transformer based on compound matrices, which guarantees a theoretical advantage of the quantum attention mechanism compared to their classical counterpart both in terms of asymptotic run time and the number of model parameters. These quantum architectures can be built using shallow quantum circuits and produce qualitatively different classification models. The three proposed quantum attention layers vary on the spectrum between closely following the classical transformers and exhibiting more quantum characteristics. As building blocks of the quantum transformer, we propose a novel method for loading a matrix as quantum states as well as two new trainable quantum orthogonal layers adaptable to different levels of connectivity and quality of quantum computers. We performed extensive simulations of the quantum transformers on standard medical image datasets that showed competitively, and at times better performance compared to the classical benchmarks, including the best-in-class classical vision transformers. The quantum transformers we trained on these small-scale datasets require fewer parameters compared to standard classical benchmarks. Finally, we implemented our quantum transformers on superconducting quantum computers and obtained encouraging results for up to six qubit experiments.
SPIRITUAL BASE OF PESANTREN FOR BUILDING MULTICULTURAL AWARENESS IN INDONESIA CONTEXT
Authors: Mashuri Saepudin , Futaqi Sauqi , Sulhan Ahmad
Published: February 2024

This study examines the spiritual base of Pesantren, which is essential in building multicultural awareness. In Indonesia, Pesantren is an Islamic religious education institution emphasizing spirituality's importance. Pesantren is also closely related to various social and religious aspects. This study aims to find a spiritual base and its utilization in building multicultural awareness. This research uses a phenomenological qualitative study with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research was conducted for 1.5 years, from 2018-2019. Observations were made for a week every month. Interviews were conducted with 16 informants at site A and 13 at site B. Data analysis used a constant comparative model. From the results of the study, there are several significant findings: 1) Kiai's view of the spirituality of Islamic boarding schools related to multiculturalism is based on the monotheism of humanity; 2) Pesantrens have spiritual capital that comes from Sufistic teachings (Sufism) and interacts spirally with multiculturalism; 3) multicultural values are born from spiritual values that are grown and summarised in three categories of values, namely fundamental values, personal values , and social values; and 4) spiritual-multicultural interactions that continue to make students more multicultural competent. Multicultural awareness built through intense spirituality can birth "selfless multiculturalism"; an authentic multicultural attitude.
The Effect of Motivation on Employee Performance with Work Discipline as Mediating Variable at Pos Indonesia Bekasi Main Branch
Authors: Dewi Syntia , Widigdo Aslam Mei Nur
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this research is to quantify and examine the impact of employee motivation on performance, with work ethics serving as a mediating factor. The population in this research amounted to 260 employees of PT Pos Indonesia Bekasi Main Branch. The sample used in the research amounted to 50 employees, calculated based on the Slovin formula. The technique used is probalility sampling and the sample method used is simple random sampling. The data collection method uses a survey method with data collection in the form of a questionnaire. Furthermore, the data is processed through SmartPLS version 3 and the Data Analysis Method with PLS-SEM. The results of this research concluded that Motivation has a positive and significant influence on Work Discipline; Work Discipline has a positive and significant influence on Employee Performance and Motivation has a positive and significant influence on Employee Performance. Then Motivation has a positive and significant influence on Employee Performance through mediation of Work Discipline.
Employee Engagement of Influencer Generation: The Role of Employee Voice, Organizational Culture, and Career Development
Authors: Benaya Joseph Onesiforus , Nursanti Tinjung Desy
Published: February 2024

It is the goal of this research to figure out the extent to which elements such as employee voice, organizational culture, and career development have an impact on employee engagement among Influencer Generation, or generation Z as it is more commonly referred to.  In this study, a quantitative methodology is utilized, and the participants are members of Influencer generation who are now employed. For the purpose of this investigation, the application SmartPLS version 4 and the Structural Equation Model (SEM) are utilized for the processing and analysis of the data. According to the findings of the analysis of the data, the factors of career development, corporate culture, and employee voice all have positive and significant effects on employee engagement. Due to the fact that these aspects have an effect on employee engagement, which in turn can lead to increased economic performance, researchers propose that organizations pay attention to employee voice, organizational culture, and career development.
Messianic Literaturosophy: Merezhkovsky and Mickiewicz
Authors:   University of Freiburg, Kirschbaum Heinrich
Published: February 2024

Thinking about literature outside of the academic history of literature can be called literaturosophy by analogy with historiosophy, culturosophy and theosophy — such is the terminological proposal of the following article. By this definition, Dmitry Merezhkovsky turns out to be one of the most influential “literaturosophers” of Fin de siècle in Russia. In the light of the events of the first Russian revolution and the World War, Merezhkovsky’s literaturosophy is being politicized and eschatologised. Merezhkovsky’s reflections about Adam Mickiewicz’ are one of the evidences of this evolution. In my paper I try to outline how in his article “The Crucified People” Merezhkovsky joins the developments of the age-old Russian reception of Mickiewicz and strategically shifts receptive accents towards Mickiewicz’s messianism (of Paris period). At the same time, Merezhkovsky reveals the desired conjugation of literarosophy, political patriotism, and para-Christological visionarism in the (life-)work of the late Mickiewicz.
“Augustine is Close to us...”: The Problem of Evil in the Interpretation of Augustine and Merezhkovsky
Authors:   Warsaw University, Lutsevich Lyudmila F.
Published: February 2024

Augustine, one of the first medieval thinkers, tried to explain evil and the reason for its origin within the boundaries of theistic thinking. According to Augustine, evil can be metaphysical, physical, moral. Metaphysical evil is the very possibility of the manifestation of evil; physical — disease, illness, death; moral — deviation from divine commandments, belittling of good. Augustine’s concept influenced Western European and Russian philosophers. The article attempts to consider the problem of evil in a double light: in Augustine’s autoreception, expressed in the “Confession”; in the perception and assessment of D.S. Merezhkovsky. The events and judgments of Augustine concerning his infancy, childhood and adolescence, described in the “Confession”, Merezhkovsky considers as a kind of evidence that made up the so-called. “Terrible experience of Evil” of human life. Following Augustine, he sees both the universal omnivorousness of evil, spreading in the world, and the inability of man to cope with it on his own. The writer seeks to comprehend the historical facts of the Augustinian era in such a way that they acquire the scale of universal ideas and symbols characteristic not only of the Middle Ages, but also for the Russian XX century, to find in autobiographical events, in features of deeply individual human significance.
Electro-acoustic analogies between thermoelastic component of the photoacoustic signal and low-pass RC filter
Authors: Stanojevic Neda , Markushev Dragana , Aleksic Sanja , Pantic Dragan , Lukic Dragan , Popovic Marica , Markushev Dragan
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a new approach to the thermal characterization of
aluminum, based on the electro-acoustic analogy between the thermoelastic
component of the photoacoustic signal and the passive RC low-pass filter.
The analogies were used to calculate the characteristic thermoelastic
cut-off frequencies of the photoacoustic component and obtain their
relationship with the thickness of the aluminum samples. Detailed numerical
analysis showed that the required relationship is linear in the loglog scale
and can serve as a reference curve for the given material. The results of
the numerical analysis were also confirmed experimentally.