bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turbulence of Landward and Seaward Wind during Sea-Breeze Days within the Lower Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Roy Sayahnya , Sentchev Alexei , Fourmentin Marc , Augustin Patrick
Published: November 2021

Reynolds stress anisotropy is estimated from the stress spheroids, based on 20 Hz ultrasonic anemometer measurements, performed in the coastal area of northern France, over a 1.5-year long period. Size and shape variation (i.e., prolate, oblate, disk, rod, etc.) of stress spheroids are used for the characterization of energy redistribution by turbulent eddies. The sea-breeze (SB) events were identified using a change in wind direction from seaward (SWD) to landward (LWD) during the day time. We found that the LWD wind creates more turbulent anisotropic states than SWD wind. The prolate-shaped stress spheroids correspond to small-scale turbulence observed during LWD wind, while oblate spheroids are found during SWD winds. Moreover, it was found that during LWD winds, large turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) in the flow field produces large stress spheroids. On the contrary, during SWD winds, a smaller level of TKE is responsible for small-size stress spheroid formation. The average volume of the corresponding Reynolds stress spheroids during the LWD is 13% larger than that of during SWD wind.
Bias Correction for Precipitation Simulated by RegCM4 over the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Based on the Mixed Distribution Quantile Mapping Method
Authors: Li Bingxue , Huang Ya , Du Lijuan , Wang Dequan
Published: November 2021

Traditional multi-parameter single distribution quantile mapping (QM) methods excel in some respects in correcting climate model precipitation, but are limited in others. Multi-parameter mixed distribution quantile mapping can potentially exploit the strengths of single distribution methods and avoid their weaknesses. The correction performance of mixed distribution QM methods varies with the geographical location they are applied to and the combination of distributions that are included. This study compares multiple sets of single distribution and multi-parameter mixed distribution QM methods in order to correct the precipitation bias in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River basin (UYRB) in RegCM4 simulated precipitation. The results show that, among the selected distributions, the gamma distribution has the highest performance in the basin; explaining more than 50% of the precipitation events based on the weighting coefficients. The Gumbel distribution had the worst performance, only explaining about 10% of the precipitation events. The performance parameters, such as the root mean square error (RMSE) and the correlation coefficient (R) of the corrected precipitation, that were derived by using mixed distribution were better than those derived by using single distribution. The QM method that is based on the gamma-generalized extreme value distribution best corrected the precipitation, could reproduce the annual cycle and geographical pattern of observed precipitation, and could significantly reduce the wet bias from the RegCM4 model in the UYRB. In addition to enhancing precipitation climatology, the correction method also improved the simulation performance of the RegCM4 model for extreme precipitation events.
Probabilistic Inverse Method for Source Localization Applied to ETEX and the 2017 Case of Ru-106 including Analyses of Sensitivity to Measurement Data
Authors: Tølløse Kasper Skjold , Kaas Eigil , Sørensen Jens Havskov
Published: November 2021

In recent years, cases of unexplained, elevated levels of radioactive particles have demonstrated an increasing need for efficient and robust source localization methods. In this study, a Bayesian method for source localization is developed and applied to two cases. First, the method is validated against the European tracer experiment (ETEX) and then applied to the still unaccounted for release of Ru-106 in the fall of 2017. The ETEX dataset, however, differs significantly from the Ru-106 dataset with regard to time resolution and the distance from the release site to the nearest measurements. Therefore, sensitivity analyses are conducted in order to test the method’s sensitivity to these parameters. The analyses show that the resulting source localization depends on both the observed temporal resolution and the existence of sampling stations close to the source. However, the method is robust, in the sense that reducing the amount of information in the dataset merely reduces the accuracy, and hence, none of the results are contradictory. When applied to the Ru-106 case, the results indicate that the Southern Ural region is the most plausible release area, and, as hypothesized by other studies, that the Mayak nuclear facility is the most likely release location.
A Near-Real-Time Method for Estimating Volcanic Ash Emissions Using Satellite Retrievals
Authors: Pelley Rachel , Thomson David , Webster Helen , Cooke Michael , Manning Alistair , Witham Claire , Hort Matthew
Published: November 2021

We present a Bayesian inversion method for estimating volcanic ash emissions using satellite retrievals of ash column load and an atmospheric dispersion model. An a priori description of the emissions is used based on observations of the rise height of the volcanic plume and a stochastic model of the possible emissions. Satellite data are processed to give column loads where ash is detected and to give information on where we have high confidence that there is negligible ash. An atmospheric dispersion model is used to relate emissions and column loads. Gaussian distributions are assumed for the a priori emissions and for the errors in the satellite retrievals. The optimal emissions estimate is obtained by finding the peak of the a posteriori probability density under the constraint that the emissions are non-negative. We apply this inversion method within a framework designed for use during an eruption with the emission estimates (for any given emission time) being revised over time as more information becomes available. We demonstrate the approach for the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull and 2011 Grímsvötn eruptions. We apply the approach in two ways, using only the ash retrievals and using both the ash and clear sky retrievals. For Eyjafjallajökull we have compared with an independent dataset not used in the inversion and have found that the inversion-derived emissions lead to improved predictions.
Spatial-Temporal Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Vegetation in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Shi Peirong , Hou Peng , Gao Jixi , Wan Huawei , Wang Yongcai , Sun Chenxi
Published: November 2021

Vegetation is a crucial and intuitive index that can be used to evaluate the ecological status. Since the 20th century, land use has changed significantly in Yellow River Basin (YRB), along with great changes of vegetation, serious soil erosion, and gradual ecological deterioration. To improve the ecological environment in the YRB, China has carried out a series of ecological protection projects since the 1970s. Therefore, long-term sequence monitoring of vegetation in YRB is necessary to show the conservation effect and better support the further protection and restoration. This study analysed vegetation changes from 2000 to 2019 based on an annual mean fractional vegetation cover (FVC) dataset. The Theil–Sen median trend analysis method was used to analyse trends in FVC. The results showed that the vegetation in the YRB has improved significantly, with an average annual growth rate of 0.65%, and the ‘green line’ of vegetation has moved approximately 300 km westward. The influence of climate on vegetation is essential; therefore, this study also analysed the influence of temperature and precipitation on vegetation over time and space. Ecological control and afforestation are important anthropogenic factors that affect vegetation. The growth trend (0.6%/a) in key ecological function regions (KEFRs) was the fastest, and even though the protection measures are not strict, they provide space for afforestation. The China Ecological Conservation Red Line (CECRL) and the national nature reserves (NNRs) showed relatively flat trends. Ecological afforestation projects were closely correlated with the growth trend of the FVC. The correlation between FVC and the intensity of ecological engineering was significant in typical areas.
Heavy Lake-Effect Snowfall Changes and Mechanisms for the Laurentian Great Lakes Region
Authors: Huziy Oleksandr , Teufel Bernardo , Sushama Laxmi , Yerubandi Ram
Published: November 2021

Heavy lake-effect snowfall (HLES) events are snowfall events enhanced by interactions between lakes and overlying cold air. Significant snowfall rates and accumulations caused during such events disrupt socioeconomic activities and sometimes lead to lethal consequences. The aim of this study is to assess projected changes to HLES by the end of the century (2079–2100) using a regional climate model for the first time with 3D representation for the Laurentian Great Lakes. When compared to observations over the 1989–2010 period, the model is able to realistically reproduce key mechanisms and characteristics of HLES events, thus increasing confidence in future projections. Projected changes to the frequency and amount of HLES suggest decreasing patterns, during the onset, active and decline phases of HLES. Despite reduced lake ice cover that will allow enhanced lake–atmosphere interactions favouring HLES, the warmer temperatures and associated increase in liquid to solid precipitation ratio along with reduced cold air outbreaks contribute to reduced HLES in the future climate. Analysis of the correlation patterns for current and future climates further supports the weaker impact of lake ice fraction on HLES in future climates. Albeit the decreases in HLES frequency and intensity and projected increases in extreme snowfall events (resulting from all mechanisms) raise concerns for impacts on the transportation, infrastructure and hydropower sectors in the region.
Ozone Variation during the Development of a Tropical Cyclone: Case Study
Authors: Al-Kallas Saleha , Al-Mutairi Motirh , Basset Heshmat Abdel , Badawy Ayman , Abdeldym Abdallah , Morsy Mostafa
Published: November 2021

The aim of this work was to study the variation in the total ozone column amount (TOC) during the life cycle of the tropical cyclone (TC) that occurred over the northwest Indian Ocean from 14 to 25 October 2008. This goal was achieved through examining the behavior of the tropical cyclone tilt under vertically varying background flows in association with the cyclone development. Thus, the vertical wind shear (VWS) was estimated as one of the most important dynamical parameters related to TC formation and intensity changes. Moreover, we estimated the variations in the daily values of TOC during the period of cyclone activity. We found that the magnitude of VWS increased during the growth period, and VWS weakened during the decay period. Anomalies of daily TOC were found to reduce steadily before and during the cyclone formation, followed by an increasing trend after the dissipation of cyclone. It was also found that during the development of the tropical cyclone, an outflow developed in the upper levels, having high velocities that extended beyond the tropopause up to the lower stratosphere. As a result, the lowest value of TOC during the tropical cyclone was due to a large amount of injected water vapor from the troposphere into the stratosphere through the convection processes. This was mostly photo-dissociated into OH and atomic O by deep solar radiation in the upper and lower stratosphere, leading to a severe reduction in stratospheric ozone.
A Decade of Poland-AOD Aerosol Research Network Observations
Authors: Markowicz Krzysztof M. , Stachlewska Iwona S. , Zawadzka-Manko Olga , Wang Dongxiang , Kumala Wojciech , Chilinski Michal T. , Makuch Przemyslaw , Markuszewski Piotr , Rozwadowska Anna K. , Petelski Tomasz , Zielinski Tymon , Posyniak Michal , Kaminski Jacek W. , Szkop Artur , Pietruczuk Aleksander , Chojnicki Bogdan H. , Harenda Kamila M. , Poczta Patryk , Uscka-Kowalkowska Joanna , Struzewska Joanna , Werner Malgorzata , Kryza Maciej , Drzeniecka-Osiadacz Anetta , Sawinski Tymoteusz , Remut Arkadiusz , Mietus Miroslaw , Wiejak Krzysztof , Markowicz Jacek , Belegante Livio , Nicolae Doina
Published: November 2021

The Poland-AOD aerosol research network was established in 2011 to improve aerosol–climate interaction knowledge and provide a real-time and historical, comprehensive, and quantitative database for the aerosol optical properties distribution over Poland. The network consists of research institutions and private owners operating 10 measurement stations and an organization responsible for aerosol model transport simulations. Poland-AOD collaboration provides observations of spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD), Ångstrom Exponent (AE), incoming shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiation fluxes, vertical profiles of aerosol optical properties and surface aerosol scattering and absorption coefficient, as well as microphysical particle properties. Based on the radiative transfer model (RTM), the aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) and the heating rate are simulated. In addition, results from GEM-AQ and WRF-Chem models (e.g., aerosol mass mixing ratio and optical properties for several particle chemical components), and HYSPLIT back-trajectories are used to interpret the results of observation and to describe the 3D aerosol optical properties distribution. Results of Poland-AOD research indicate progressive improvement of air quality and at mospheric turbidity during the last decade. The AOD was reduced by about 0.02/10 yr (at 550 nm), which corresponds to positive trends in ARF. The estimated clear-sky ARF trend is 0.34 W/m2/10 yr and 0.68 W/m2/10 yr, respectively, at TOA and at Earth’s surface. Therefore, reduction in aerosol load observed in Poland can significantly contribute to climate warming.
Electrocochleography in Auditory Neuropathy Related to Mutations in the OTOF or OPA1 Gene
Authors: Santarelli Rosamaria , Scimemi Pietro , La Morgia Chiara , Cama Elona , del Castillo Ignacio , Carelli Valerio
Published: November 2021

Auditory Neuropathy (AN) is characterized by disruption of temporal coding of acoustic signals in auditory nerve fibers resulting in alterations of auditory perceptions. Mutations in several genes have been associated to the most forms of AN. Underlying mechanisms include both pre-synaptic and post-synaptic damage involving inner hair cell (IHC) depolarization, neurotransmitter release, spike initiation in auditory nerve terminals, loss of auditory fibers and impaired conduction. In contrast, outer hair cell (OHC) activities (otoacoustic emissions [OAEs] and cochlear microphonic [CM]) are normal. Disordered synchrony of auditory nerve activity has been suggested as the basis of both the alterations of auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and reduction of speech perception. We will review how electrocochleography (ECochG) recordings provide detailed information to help objectively define the sites of auditory neural dysfunction and their effect on receptor summating potential (SP) and neural compound action potential (CAP), the latter reflecting disorders of ribbon synapses and auditory nerve fibers.
Torsion for Homological Complexes of Nonassociative Algebras with Metagroup Relations
Authors: Ludkowski Sergey Victor
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to homological complexes and modules over nonassociative algebras with metagroup relations. Smashed tensor products of them are studied. Their torsions and homomorphisms are investigated.
Exposure to the Insecticide Sulfoxaflor Affects Behaviour and Biomarkers Responses of Carcinus maenas (Crustacea: Decapoda)
Authors: Damasceno Jadilson M. , Rato Lénia D. , Simões Tiago , Morão Inês F. C. , Meireles Gabriela , Novais Sara C. , Lemos Marco F. L.
Published: November 2021

Sulfoxaflor is an insecticide belonging to the recent sulfoximine class, acting as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) agonist. There are few studies regarding sulfoxaflor’s toxicity to non-target organisms. The present study aimed to investigate the acute and sub-lethal effects of sulfoxaflor on Carcinus maenas by addressing survival, behaviour (feed intake and motricity), and neuromuscular, detoxification and oxidative stress, and energy metabolism biomarkers. Adult male green crabs were exposed to sulfoxaflor for 96 h and an LC50 of 2.88 mg L−1 was estimated. All biomarker endpoints were sampled after three (T3) and seven (T7) days of exposure and behavioural endpoints were addressed at T3 and day six (T6). Sulfoxaflor affected the feed intake and motricity of C. maenas at T6. From the integrated analysis of endpoints, with the increase in concentrations of sulfoxaflor, after seven days, one can notice a lower detoxification capacity (lower GST), higher LPO levels and effects on behaviour (higher motricity effects and lower feed intake). This integrated approach proved to be valuable in understanding the negative impacts of sulfoxaflor on green crabs, while contributing to the knowledge of this pesticide toxicity to non-target coastal invertebrates.
MicroRNAs Regulating Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System, Sympathetic Nervous System and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Systemic Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Improta-Caria Alex Cleber , Aras Marcela Gordilho , Nascimento Luca , De Sousa Ricardo Augusto Leoni , Aras-Júnior Roque , Souza Bruno Solano de Freitas
Published: November 2021

MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene and protein expression. MicroRNAs also regulate several cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle, apoptosis, among others. In this context, they play important roles in the human body and in the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, obesity and hypertension. In hypertension, microRNAs act on the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system and left ventricular hypertrophy, however the signaling pathways that interact in these processes and are regulated by microRNAs inducing hypertension and the worsening of the disease still need to be elucidated. Thus, the aim of this review is to analyze the pattern of expression of microRNAs in these processes and the possible associated signaling pathways.
The Effectiveness of Compartmentalized Bone Graft Sponges Made Using Complementary Bone Graft Materials and Succinylated Chitosan Hydrogels
Authors: Lee Jae Seo , Kim Hyo-Sung , Nah Haram , Lee Sang Jin , Moon Ho-Jin , Bang Jae Beum , Lee Jung Bok , Do Sun Hee , Kwon Il Keun , Heo Dong Nyoung
Published: November 2021

Bone defects can occur from many causes, including disease or trauma. Bone graft materials (BGMs) have been used to fill damaged areas for the reconstruction of diseased bone tissues since they are cost effective and readily available. However, BGMs quickly disperse around the tissue area, which ultimately leads to it migrating away from the defect after transplantation. We tested chitosan hydrogels as a useful carrier to hold BGMs in the transplantation area. In this study, we synthesized succinylated chitosan (SCS)-based hydrogels with a high decomposition rate and excellent biocompatibility. We confirmed that BGMs were well distributed inside the SCS hydrogel. The SCS-B hydrogel showed a decrease in mechanical properties, such as compressive strength and Young’s modulus, as the succinylation rate increased. SCS-B hydrogels also exhibited a high cell growth rate and bone differentiation rate. Moreover, the in vivo results showed that the SCS hydrogel resorbed into the surrounding tissues while maintaining the BGMs in the transplantation area for up to 6 weeks. These data support the idea that SCS hydrogel can be useful as a bioactive drug carrier for a broad range of biomedical applications.
7,7″-Dimethoxyagastisflavone Inhibits Proinflammatory Cytokine Release and Inflammatory Cell Recruitment through Modulating ERα Signaling
Authors: Wu Yi-Shin , Chen Chian-Ruei , Yeh Yun-Ting , Lin Han-Huei , Peng Yin-Hsuan , Lin Yu-Ling
Published: November 2021

Acute systemic inflammatory diseases, including sepsis, usually result in cytokine disorder and multiple-organ failure. 7,7″-Dimethoxyagastisflavone (DMGF), a biflavonoid isolated from the needles of Taxus x media var. Hicksii, has previously been evaluated for its antiproliferative and antineoplastic effects in cancer cells. In this study, the effects of DMGF on the cytokine production and cell migration of inflammatory macrophages were investigated. The inhibition of cytokine and chemokine production by DMGF in LPS-treated macrophages was analyzed by a multiplex cytokine assay. Then, the integrin molecules used for cell adhesion and regulators of actin polymerization were observed by RT-PCR and recorded using confocal imaging. The DMGF interaction with estrogen receptor α (ERα) was modeled structurally by molecular docking and validated by an ERα reporter assay. DMGF inhibited TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production in LPS-induced macrophages. DMGF also inhibited inflammatory macrophage migration by downregulating the gene and protein expression of adhesion molecules (LFA-1 and VLA4) and regulators of actin assembly (Cdc42-Rac1 pathway). DMGF might interact with the ligand-binding domain of ERα and downregulate its transcriptional activity. These results indicated that DMGF effectively inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the recruitment of inflammatory cells through downregulating ERα signaling.
Thermoanalytical Investigations on the Influence of Storage Time in Water of Resin-Based CAD/CAM Materials
Authors: Rosentritt Martin , Schneider-Feyrer Sibylle , Strasser Thomas , Koenig Andreas , Schmohl Leonie , Schmid Alois
Published: November 2021

New resin-based composites and resin-infiltrated ceramics are used to fabricate computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)-based restorations, although little information is available on the long-term performance of these materials. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effects of storage time (24 h, 90 days, 180 days) on the thermophysical properties of resin-based CAD/CAM materials. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used in the study. TGA provided insight into the composition of the resin-based materials and the influence of internal plasticization and water sorption. Resin-based composites showed different decomposition, heat energy and mechanical behavior, which was influenced by storage time in water. Individual materials such as Grandio bloc showed lower influence of water storage while maintaining good mechanical properties.
Development of Multiplex PCR Coupled DNA Chip Technology for Assessment of Endogenous and Exogenous Allergens in GM Soybean
Authors: Kutateladze Tamara , Bitskinashvili Kakha , Sapojnikova Nelly , Kartvelishvili Tamar , Asatiani Nino , Vishnepolsky Boris , Datukishvili Nelly
Published: November 2021

Allergenicity assessment of transgenic plants and foods is important for food safety, labeling regulations, and health protection. The aim of this study was to develop an effective multi-allergen diagnostic approach for transgenic soybean assessment. For this purpose, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with DNA chip technology was employed. The study was focused on the herbicide-resistant Roundup Ready soya (RRS) using a set of certified reference materials consisting of 0, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 10% RRS. Technically, the procedure included design of PCR primers and probes; genomic DNA extraction; development of uniplex and multiplex PCR systems; DNA analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis; microarray development, hybridization, and scanning. The use of the asymmetric multiplex PCR method is shown to be very efficient for DNA hybridization with biochip probes. We demonstrate that newly developed fourplex PCR methods coupled with DNA-biochips enable simultaneous identification of three major endogenous allergens, namely, Gly m Bd 28K, Gly m Bd 30K, and lectin, as well as exogenous 5-enolppyruvyl shikimate-phosphate synthase (epsps) expressed in herbicide-resistant roundup ready GMOs. The approach developed in this study can be used for accurate, cheap, and fast testing of food allergens.
Key Challenges and Future Directions When Running Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) Research Protocols with Newborns: A Music and Language EEG Feasibility Study
Authors: Papatzikis Efthymios , Elhalik Mahmoud , Inocencio Shannaiah Aubrey Mae , Agapaki Maria , Selvan Rosari Naveena , Muhammed Faseela Shejeed , Haroon Nazreen Abdulla , Dash Swarup Kumar , Sofologi Maria , Bezoni Antonia
Published: November 2021

Although many musical intervention studies exist in the wider framework of neuroscience and psychology, the preliminary importance of feasibility studies is rarely discussed. Adding to this fact the limited research existing on the therapeutic and restorative potential of music exposure during early developmental periods, pushed us to concentrate on investigating newborns’ perception of music and its impact on the brain. Here, we explore the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) approach when measuring and comparing the neurophysiological perception of music versus language on the brainstem of newborns using auditory brainstem response (ABR). Twenty-five healthy full-term infants were recruited, eight of which were measured within their first 10 days postpartum. The evaluation of the study’s feasibility appealed to five main objectives that essentially answer the question: Can our protocol work? Each objective proposes questions based on Orsmond and Cohn’s guiding framework, designed to assess, and assist feasibility in understanding barriers toward a study’s success. Our results justify that newborns are well capable of undergoing the study and given meticulous considerations and improvements on the intervention resources. The procedure’s communication and technical obstacles are resoluble. Moreover, assimilation of external factors to adapt, such as the culture variation and the ABR protocol implementation are necessary. The study was well received in the selected region (Middle East), and the recording procedure showed potential outcomes for a comprehensive RCT.
Actigraphy-Derived Sleep Profiles of Children with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) over Two Weeks—Comparison, Precursor Symptoms, and the Chronotype
Authors: Ziegler Mirjam , Kaiser Anna , Igel Christine , Geissler Julia , Mechler Konstantin , Holz Nathalie E. , Becker Katja , Döpfner Manfred , Romanos Marcel , Brandeis Daniel , Hohmann Sarah , Millenet Sabina , Banaschewski Tobias
Published: November 2021

Although sleep problems are common in children with ADHD, their extent, preceding risk factors, and the association between neurocognitive performance and neurobiological processes in sleep and ADHD, are still largely unknown. We examined sleep variables in school-aged children with ADHD, addressing their intra-individual variability (IIV) and considering potential precursor symptoms as well as the chronotype. Additionally, in a subgroup of our sample, we investigated associations with neurobehavioral functioning (n = 44). A total of 57 children (6–12 years) with (n = 24) and without ADHD (n = 33) were recruited in one center of the large ESCAlife study to wear actigraphs for two weeks. Actigraphy-derived dependent variables, including IIV, were analyzed using linear mixed models in order to find differences between the groups. A stepwise regression model was used to investigate neuropsychological function. Overall, children with ADHD showed longer sleep onset latency (SOL), higher IIV in SOL, more movements during sleep, lower sleep efficiency, and a slightly larger sleep deficit on school days compared with free days. No group differences were observed for chronotype or sleep onset time. Sleep problems in infancy predicted later SOL and the total number of movements during sleep in children with and without ADHD. No additional effect of sleep problems, beyond ADHD symptom severity, on neuropsychological functioning was found. This study highlights the importance of screening children with ADHD for current and early childhood sleep disturbances in order to prevent long-term sleep problems and offer individualized treatments. Future studies with larger sample sizes should examine possible biological markers to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
Advanced Parkinson’s Disease Treatment Simplification and Long-Term Outcomes with Levodopa Carbidopa Intestinal Gel: COSMOS Romanian Subanalysis
Authors: Simu Mihaela Adriana , Jianu Dragoș Cătălin , Dulamea Adriana Octaviana , Constantin Viorelia Adelina , Popescu Diana , Parra Juan Carlos , Szász József Attila
Published: November 2021

The aim of the COmedication Study assessing Mono- and cOmbination therapy with levodopa-carbidopa inteStinal gel (COSMOS) was to assess the use of levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) as monotherapy in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (APD) in routine clinical practice. COSMOS was an international observational study with one cross-sectional visit and retrospective data collection. In Romania, 95 adult patients with APD on LCIG treatment for at least 12 months were enrolled and stratified according to their LCIG therapy after 12 months: monotherapy (without any add-on PD medication), monotherapy with night PD medication and LCIG + add-on medication. Compared to the moment of LCIG initiation, the percentage of patients on monotherapy increased at three months after LCIG initiation and remained constant up to 12 months, when 30.5% of the patients were on LCIG monotherapy and 11.6% were on monotherapy with night medication. “Off” time and “On” time with dyskinesia decreased from LCIG initiation to patient visit in all groups. LCIG monotherapy with or without night medication may provide a simplified treatment option for selected APD patients, with long-term efficacy similar to that of LCIG plus add-on medication.
Interpreting Developmental Surface Dyslexia within a Comorbidity Perspective
Authors: Zoccolotti Pierluigi , De Luca Maria , Marinelli Chiara Valeria
Published: November 2021

Recent evidence underlines the importance of seeing learning disorders in terms of their partial association (comorbidity). The present concept paper presents a model of reading that aims to account for performance on a naturalistic reading task within a comorbidity perspective. The model capitalizes on the distinction between three independent levels of analysis: competence, performance, and acquisition: Competence denotes the ability to master orthographic–phonological binding skills; performance refers to the ability to read following specific task requirements, such as scanning the text from left to right. Both competence and performance are acquired through practice. Practice is also essential for the consolidation of item-specific memory traces (or instances), a process which favors automatic processing. It is proposed that this perspective might help in understanding surface dyslexia, a reading profile that has provoked a prolonged debate among advocates of traditional models of reading. The proposed reading model proposes that surface dyslexia is due to a defective ability to consolidate specific traces or instances. In this vein, it is a “real” deficit, in the sense that it is not due to an artifact (such as limited exposure to print); however, as it is a cross-domain defect extending to other learning behaviors, such as spelling and math, it does not represent a difficulty specific to reading. Recent evidence providing initial support for this hypothesis is provided. Overall, it is proposed that viewing reading in a comorbidity perspective might help better understand surface dyslexia and might encourage research on the association between surface dyslexia and other learning disorders.
Hepatitis C Virus-Related Central and Peripheral Nervous System Disorders
Authors: Moretti Rita , Giuffrè Mauro , Merli Nicola , Caruso Paola , Di Bella Stefano , Tiribelli Claudio , Crocè Lory Saveria
Published: November 2021

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), despite being a hepatotropic virus, is the causative agent of many systemic disorders, such as vasculitis, autoimmune diseases, lymphoproliferative disorders, and a broad spectrum of neurological and psychiatric manifestations. Although symptoms have been misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed, only recently, evidence of direct (inflammatory) or indirect (immune-mediated) HCV-dependent cerebral effects has been established. HCV infection can promote acute inflammatory response, pro-coagulative status and ischemic disorders, and neurodegeneration. These effects rely on cerebral HCV replication, possibly mediated by blood–brain barrier alterations. Further study is needed to better understand the HCV-related mechanisms of brain damage.
Health Economic Impact of Software-Assisted Brain MRI on Therapeutic Decision-Making and Outcomes of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients—A Microsimulation Study
Authors: Sima Diana M. , Esposito Giovanni , Van Hecke Wim , Ribbens Annemie , Nagels Guy , Smeets Dirk
Published: November 2021

Aim: To develop a microsimulation model to assess the potential health economic impact of software-assisted MRI in detecting disease activity or progression in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. Methods: We develop a simulated decision analytical model based on a hypothetical cohort of RRMS patients to compare a baseline decision-making strategy in which only clinical evolution (relapses and disability progression) factors are used for therapy decisions in MS follow-up, with decision-making strategies involving MRI. In this context, we include comparisons with a visual radiologic assessment of lesion evolution, software-assisted lesion detection, and software-assisted brain volume loss estimation. The model simulates clinical (EDSS transitions, number of relapses) and subclinical (new lesions and brain volume loss) disease progression and activity, modulated by the efficacy profiles of different disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). The simulated decision-making process includes the possibility to escalate from a low efficacy DMT to a high efficacy DMT or to switch between high efficacy DMTs when disease activity is detected. We also consider potential error factors that may occur during decision making, such as incomplete detection of new lesions, or inexact computation of brain volume loss. Finally, differences between strategies in terms of the time spent on treatment while having undetected disease progression/activity, the impact on the patient’s quality of life, and costs associated with health status from a US perspective, are reported. Results: The average time with undetected disease progression while on low efficacy treatment is shortened significantly when using MRI, from around 3 years based on clinical criteria alone, to 2 when adding visual examination of MRI, and down to only 1 year with assistive software. Hence, faster escalation to a high efficacy DMT can be performed when MRI software is added to the radiological reading, which has positive effects in terms of health outcomes. The incremental utility shows average gains of 0.23 to 0.37 QALYs over 10 and 15 years, respectively, when using software-assisted MRI compared to clinical parameters only. Due to long-term health benefits, the average annual costs associated with health status are lower by $1500–$2200 per patient when employing MRI and assistive software. Conclusions: The health economic burden of MS is high. Using assistive MRI software to detect and quantify lesions and/or brain atrophy has a significant impact on the detection of disease activity, treatment decisions, health outcomes, utilities, and costs in patients with MS.
Effects of a Single Yoga Session on Cardiac Interoceptive Accuracy and Emotional Experience
Authors: Schillings Christine , Schultchen Dana , Pollatos Olga
Published: November 2021

Background: There is an increasing body of research supporting the idea that cardiac interoceptive accuracy (IAc) can be improved by training. Findings concerning the effects of a single yoga session on IAc and the related construct emotional experience are sparse. The aim of this study was to examine if a single yoga session increases IAc and improves emotional experience. Methods: 137 students were randomly assigned to a 20-min yoga session (n = 47), an endurance session (n = 46), or an inactive control condition (n = 44). IAc and emotional experience were assessed before and after the sessions. Results: There were no significant changes in IAc, or positive and negative affect. IAc at baseline and the change in positive effect were found as predictors for IAc after the yoga session. Conclusion: A 20-min yoga session seems to be not applicable to improve IAc and emotional experience. Future studies should investigate long-term interventions and diverse healthy and clinical populations.
Application of the Chinese Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic for Assessing Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Xu Qian , Zhou Mengxi , Jiang Chunyan , Wu Li , He Qing , Zhao Lei , Dong Yourong , Liu Jianren , Chen Wei
Published: November 2021

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a common and pivotal non-motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD). It is necessary to use the appropriate tools to characterize the cognitive profiles and identify the subjects at risk of MCI in clinical practice. A cohort of 207 non-demented patients with PD and 52 age- and gender-matched cognitively normal controls (NCs) underwent the Chinese Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-BC) evaluation. Patients with PD also received detailed motor and non-motor evaluation by serial scales. Cognitive profiles were investigated in patients with PD-MCI, relative to patients with normal cognition (PD-NC) and cognitively NCs. In addition, differences in demography, major motor and non-motor symptoms were compared between patients with PD-MCI and PD-NC. There were 70 patients with PD-MCI, occupying 33.8% of the total patients. Patients with PD-MCI had impairment in multiple cognitive domains, especially in executive function, memory and visuospatial function on MoCA-BC, relative to cognitively NCs or PD-NC. Compared with PD-NC patients, PD-MCI patients were older (p = 0.002) and had a later onset age (p = 0.007) and higher score of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III (p = 0.001). The positive rate of clinical possible rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (cpRBD) in the PD-MCI group was significantly increased relative to the PD-NC group (p = 0.003). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that older age (OR = 1.06; p = 0.012), higher score of UPDRS-III (OR = 1.03; p = 0.018) and the presence of cpRBD (OR = 2.10; p = 0.037) were independently associated factors of MCI in patients with PD. In conclusion, executive function, memory and visuospatial function are the main impaired cognitive profiles in PD-MCI via MoCA-BC. Aging, motor severity and RBD may be independently related factors of MCI in PD.
Clinical and Neural Predictors of Treatment Response to Music Listening Intervention after Stroke
Authors: Sihvonen Aleksi , Särkämö Teppo
Published: November 2021

Patients with post-stroke impairments present often significant variation in response to therapeutic interventions. Recent studies have shown that daily music listening can aid post-stroke recovery of language and memory, but reliable predictors of treatment response are unknown. Utilizing data from the music intervention arms of a single-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) on stroke patients (N = 31), we built regression models to predict the treatment response of a two-month music listening intervention on language skills and verbal memory with baseline demographic, clinical and musical data as well as fMRI data from a music listening task. Clinically, greater improvement in verbal memory and language skills after the music listening intervention were predicted by the severity of the initial deficit and educational level. Neurally, greater baseline fMRI activation during vocal music listening in the left parietal cortical and medial frontal areas predicted greater treatment-induced improvement in language skills and greater baseline engagement of the auditory network during instrumental music listening predicted improvement in both verbal memory and language skills. Our results suggest that clinical, demographic, and neuroimaging data predicts music listening treatment response. This data could be used clinically to target music-based treatments.
Reconstructing Attitudes towards Work from Home during COVID-19: A Survey of South Korean Managers
Authors: Rose Patrick Allen , Brown Suzana
Published: November 2021

This article explores how after almost two years of government-imposed work from home (WFH) for the purpose of curbing the spread of COVID-19, South Korean managers’ general attitudes towards WFH may have been reconstructed and if this change influenced their expectations that WFH would persist for the long run. Before COVID-19, WFH was rare, and the country was well known for having one of the most hierarchical and rigid work cultures, with long hours at the office being the norm. The results of this study are based on survey responses from 229 South Korean managers and executives. Using means comparisons and hierarchical linear multiple regression models to answer three research questions, the present study evaluates theorized predictors of WFH take-up, general attitudes towards WFH, and the likelihood that WFH will continue post-COVID-19. The results indicate that forced WFH adoption during COVID-19 had statistically significant positive effects on the attitudes of South Korean managers and their intentions to continue working from home in the future. This study has practical implications for companies and governments that are interested in taking advantage of WFH and implementing it more permanently. It provides interesting findings on how managers from a country with minimal WFH prior to COVID-19 perceive the benefits of WFH and how they respond to its mandated adoption.
Seismic Resistance of Timber Frames with Mud and Stone Infill Walls in a Chinese Traditional Village Dwelling
Authors: Shen Yinlan , Yan Xingchen , Yu Piyong , Liu Hui , Wu Guofang , He Wei
Published: November 2021

Traditional Chinese wood residences consist of timber frames with masonry infill walls or other types of infill, representing valuable heritage. A field investigation of traditional village dwellings in northern China consisting of timber frames with mud and stone infill walls was conducted. Their construction characteristics are reported, and static cyclic tests were performed on two full-size wood-stone hybrid walls with different configurations (exterior transverse wall and internal transverse wall) and no openings (doors or windows). Their failure mechanics and seismic capacity, i.e., the strength, stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation, were investigated. The results are compared with a previous experimental study of two full-size timber frames with the same traditional structure but no infill to determine the effect of the mud and stone infill on the lateral resistance. The experimental results indicate that the stone infill has a critical influence on the lateral performance of traditional village buildings, resulting in a high lateral stiffness, high strength (>20 kN), and a high ductility ratio (>10). An increase in the vertical load leads to an increase in the lateral resistance of the timber frame with infill walls, larger for the internal transverse wall than the external gable wall. The incompatibility of the deformation between the timber frame and stone infill is the main failure reason, resulting in falling stones and collapse with undamaged timber frames. Suggestions are provided for the protection and repair of traditional wood residences in northern China.
Exploring Natural Language Processing in Construction and Integration with Building Information Modeling: A Scientometric Analysis
Authors: Locatelli Mirko , Seghezzi Elena , Pellegrini Laura , Tagliabue Lavinia Chiara , Di Giuda Giuseppe Martino
Published: November 2021

The European Union (EU) aims to increase the efficiency and productivity of the construction industry. The EU suggests pairing Building Information Modeling with other digitalization technologies to seize the full potential of the digital transition. Meanwhile, industrial applications of Natural Language Processing (NLP) have emerged. The growth of NLP is affecting the construction industry. However, the potential of NLP and the combination of an NLP and BIM approach is still unexplored. The study tries to address this lack by applying a scientometric analysis to explore the state of the art of NLP in the AECO sector, and the combined applications of NLP and BIM. Science mapping is used to analyze 254 bibliographic records from Scopus Database analyzing the structure and dynamics of the domain by drawing a picture of the body of knowledge. NLP in AECO, and its pairing with BIM domain and applications, are investigated by representing: Conceptual, Intellectual, and Social structure. The highest number of NLP applications in AECO are in the fields of Project, Safety, and Risk Management. Attempts at combining NLP and BIM mainly concern the Automated Compliance Checking and semantic BIM enrichment goals. Artificial intelligence, learning algorithms, and ontologies emerge as the most widespread and promising technological drivers.
BIM Requirements in the Spanish Public Tender—Analysis of Adoption in Construction Contracts
Authors: Pérez-García Ana , Martín-Dorta Norena , Aranda José Ángel
Published: November 2021

The use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is increasingly widespread within the Architecture, Engineering, Construction & Operations (AECO) sector. BIM allows the construction of a digital scale model of the asset to be built, ensuring the early detection of conflicts and interferences, enabling communication between the different participant agents, and facilitating the processes in the maintenance and management phase. Studies on the subject are many and varied. However, very few works refer to the inclusion of BIM in the public procurement stage, one of the most complex and competitive stages within the asset’s life cycle. A bibliographic review has been conducted about the BIM situation in the AECO sector contracts, the existing problems and the possible solutions to implement. In the specific field of public procurement, Spain has made great progress, especially at the regional level. During 2020, a total of 440 tenders with BIM requirements were published, with an investment volume of EUR 752 million, which represents an increase of 230% compared to 2017. The aim of this research is to analyze the Spanish public procurement, highlighting the progress made so far in the implementation of this technology, as well as to develop a proposal of BIM requirements that, in general, could be used as a reference for tenders of the AECO sector in the country. With this objective, a selection of twenty relevant public tenders is made, covering both the building and infrastructure fields. The requirements address areas such as: BIM uses, BIM deliverables, model structure, Level of Development, Common Data Environment, classification systems, standards or quality control.