bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analyses of short‐ and long‐term outcomes between endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic laryngo‐pharyngeal surgery for superficial pharyngeal carcinomas
Authors: Fukuhara Motomitsu , Urabe Yuji , Nakamura Takeo , Ishibashi Kazuki , Konishi Hirona , Mizuno Junichi , Takasago Takeshi , Tanaka Hidenori , Tsuboi Akiyoshi , Yamashita Ken , Hiyama Yuichi , Takigawa Hidehiko , Kotachi Takahiro , Yuge Ryo , Ishikawa Akira , Taruya Takayuki , Ueda Tsutomu , Takeno Sachio , Oka Shiro
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Endoscopic treatment of superficial pharyngeal carcinomas includes endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD; usually performed by endoscopists), and endoscopic laryngo‐pharyngeal surgery (ELPS; primarily performed by otolaryngologists). Few studies have compared the efficacy of the two techniques in treating superficial pharyngeal carcinomas. In this study, we compared the outcomes of these two techniques to determine the advantages.

Methods

We retrospectively examined the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of 93 consecutive patients with superficial pharyngeal carcinoma who either underwent an ESD or ELPS between August 2008 and December 2021.

Results

There were 35 lesions among 29 patients and 93 lesions among 71 patients in the ESD and ELPS groups, respectively. The ELPS group had a significantly shorter procedure time (121.2 ± 97.4 min vs. 54.7 ± 40.2 min, p<0.01), greater procedure speed (0.10 ± 0.06 min/min vs. 0.30 ± 0.23 min/min, p<0.01), and less laryngeal edema than that of the ESD group. There were no significant differences in the 3‐year overall, relapse‐free, or disease‐specific survival rates between the two groups. Intervention with ESD during ELPS was most commonly required when it was difficult to secure the visual field.

Conclusions

There were no differences in batch resection rates or long‐term prognoses between the two groups; nevertheless, the ELPS group had a shorter treatment time and less laryngeal edema than the ESD group. However, the treatment of narrow areas, such as the esophageal inlet patch, is a technical limitation of ELPS; thus, ELPS should be combined with ESD techniques.
Context‐dependent directional effects of termite mounds on soil nutrients, vegetation communities, and mammalian foraging
Authors: Davies Andrew B. , Levick Shaun R. , van Rensburg Berndt J. , Robertson Mark P. , Parr Catherine L.
Published: September 2024

Termite mounds are keystone structures in African savannas, affecting multiple ecosystem processes. Despite the large size of termite mounds having the potential to modify conditions around them, patterns of mound‐induced ecosystem effects have been assumed to be isotropic, with little attention given to how effects might vary around mounds. We measured soil nitrogen content, grass species composition, and mammalian grazing on and off termite mounds in the four cardinal directions, and across wet and dry seasons at three savanna sites varying in mean annual rainfall in South Africa's Kruger National Park. Evidence of directional effects (anisotropy) on ecosystem properties around termite mounds varied with site. Grass species composition differed between north‐ and south‐facing slopes at the two drier sites where mounds were taller. However, differences in grazing extent and soil nitrogen content around mounds were only present at the intermediate rainfall site where mammalian herbivore biomass was highest, and mounds were of medium height. Our results suggest that termite mound effects display significant variation with direction, but that the emergence of directional effects is context dependent. Our results further suggest that such context‐dependent directional effects can lead to positive feedback loops between termites, abiotic conditions, and mammalian herbivores.
Environmental DNA Metabarcoding Details the Spatial Structure of a Diverse Tropical Fish Assemblage in a Major East African River System
Authors: Shechonge Asilatu H. , Collins Rupert A. , Ward Sophie , Saxon Andrew D. , Smith Alan M. , Matiku Patroba , Turner George F. , Kishe Mary A. , Ngatunga Benjamin P. , Genner Martin J.
Published: September 2024

Management and conservation of species‐rich tropical freshwater systems require reliable information on the diversity and distribution of species present. Here, we used environmental DNA metabarcoding to reveal the diversity of the fishes in the Rufiji River catchment of central Tanzania. Across 174 samples from 49 sites, and using a newly developed reference library, we mapped the presence of 66 fish species from an estimated 91 that we are confident are present in the system. We found clear evidence of community structuring of the assemblage linked to key environmental gradients—elevation, temperature, and turbidity. We also identified core distributions of rare or threatened taxa, including migratory species such as the anguillid eels. With a focused analysis of 50 samples collected over a small spatial scale (<2 km) from the Kilombero River, we showed that each single sample can capture an average of 23.1 species, while three samples can capture 39.4 species, from a total of 56 species encountered in the 50 samples. Collectively the results help to identify species vulnerable to ongoing change in the catchment, including dam construction and agricultural intensification. The results clearly demonstrate how eDNA‐based metabarcoding can reliably describe the diversity and distributions of riverine fish species across a catchment, providing standardized information that will be valuable for environmental management.
Hf Isotopes and Detrital Zircon Geochronology of the Silasia Formation, Midyan Terrane, Northwestern Arabian Shield: An Investigation of the Provenance History
Authors: Dessouky Osama K. , Ali Kamal A. , Hassan Mahmoud M.
Published: September 2024

U–Pb ages and Hf isotopic data from detrital zircon of the Silasia Formation in the Midyan Terrane record evidence for the provenance and tectonic evolution of the northern Arabian Shield. Given that the youngest acknowledged age of these detritus sediments is 735 ± 13 Ma, it is likely that the Silasia Formation was deposited during the closure of the Mozambique Ocean. The U–Pb ages define a major Mesoproterozoic peak, with two minor peaks of Neoproterozoic and Archean age. Combined with zircon Hf isotopic compositions, the sedimentary detritus of the Silasia Formation was mainly derived from source rocks formed during the Grenville Orogeny during the assembly of Rodinia, with a minor contribution from Archean and Paleoproterozoic crustal material, in addition to a limited arc‐basement supply related to the early Mozambique Ocean. The youngest Concordia age of 735 ± 13 Ma with highly variable εHf(t) values (11 to −35) indicates a complex mixture of sources from juvenile to extremely ancient. The Concordia ages at 1113 ± 11 and 1046 ± 10 Ma have positive hafnium isotope signatures (up to +10.45) that are consistent with juvenile source rocks formed during the Grenville Orogeny. Several detrital zircons with ages of 2622 ± 22 Ma and 2690 ± 7 Ma are similar to those reported in Yemen, whereas 1818 ± 19 Ma, 2071 ± 8 Ma and 2001 ± 19 Ma Paleoproterozoic ages are similar to dated outcrops in the Khida terrane in the eastern Arabian Shield.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of cross‐flow along longitudinally finned flat tube
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed H. , Zaidan Maki H. , Al‐Jethelah Manar S. M.
Published: September 2024

The wide usage of heat exchangers in various industrial applications has attracted the attention of many researchers. An experimental and theoretical study was conducted to investigate the fluid flow across a longitudinal fin flat tube heat exchanger with laminar forced convection. The studied parameters were the dimensionless longitudinal pitch length (, dimensionless transfer pitch (3 ≤ ≤ 5), dimensionless downstream fin length (), dimensionless upstream fin length (), dimensionless downstream fin angle (), and Reynolds number (223 ≤ Re ≤ 1114). The studied air thermophysical properties were assumed constant. The study was conducted under constant surface temperature. The dimensionless pressure drop was reduced by 60.8% (at Re = 223 as increased from 3 to 5), 4.69% (at Re = 1114 as decreased from 5 to 4), 225% (at Re = 223 as decreased from 1 to 0.4), 6.9% (at Re = 1114 as decreased from 1 to 0.4), and 349.9% (at Re = 668 as decreased from 0.79 to 0.26). The difference between the experimental and numerical data was insignificant. Two correlations were developed based on the present experimental and numerical results.
A study of mixed convection magnetohydrodynamics Williamson nanofluid flow over a nonlinear permeable elongating sheet over a porous medium with viscous dissipation
Authors: Karanamu Seetharam , Konda Jayaramireddy , Vali Shaik Kalesha
Published: September 2024

Convection, that is, mixed magnetohydrodynamics stream of Williamson nanofluid in excess of a nonlinearly stretchable permeable sheet, has been studied using a mathematical model that includes thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, heat source/sink, chemical reaction, and suction are all examples of thermal radiation are all examples of how heat is dissipated. By availing the controlling similarity transformations, suitable similarity transformations partial differential equations are reduced into the solution of a set of ordinary differential equations that are nonlinear using the homotopy analysis method. There is also a clear approach to get series solutions to converge. There was a strong correlation between the current and past outcomes. Graphs and tables are used to illustrate the nature of the flow field beneath various conditions.
Chromosome 1q21 Aberrations Are Poor Prognostic Factors for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients
Authors: Wang Tongtong , Geng Chuanying , Yang Guangzhong , Zhou Huixing , Zhang Zhiyao , Jian Yuan , Chen Wenming
Published: September 2024

Background

Chromosome 1q21 aberrations are one of the most common cytogenetic abnormalities in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). However, the prognostic value remains controversial. This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of numerical abnormalities of chromosome 1q21 for newly diagnosed patients with MM patients in Chinese population.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 629 patients with newly diagnosed MM who received the detection of chromosome 1q21 by fluorescence in situ hybridization in China.

Results

Among 629 patients, 309 (49.1%) had 1q21 abnormalities, of which 187 (29.7%) had three copies and 122 (19.4%) had four or more copies. Patients with two copies of 1q21 had a significantly longer median overall survival (OS) than those with three copies or ≥4 copies and also had longer progression‐free survival (PFS). However, patients with three or ≥4 copies had similar OS and PFS. Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses determined that 1q21 aberrations are associated with shorter OS and PFS. 1q21 aberrations are also independent poor prognostic factors for OS and PFS in multivariable analyses. Del(17p), t(4;14), and t(14;16) are common high‐risk cytogenetic abnormalities (HRCAs) in patients with MM. Patients with 1q21+ alone or 1q21+ combined with HRCAs had shorter OS and PFS than patients without cytogenetic abnormalities. Patients with 1q21+ and t(11;14) also had shorter PFS but had similar OS than patients without cytogenetic abnormalities.

Conclusion

Our study showed that chromosome 1q21 aberrations are poor prognostic factors for newly diagnosed patients with MM.
Associations between avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder profiles and trauma exposure in veteran men and women
Authors: Mitchell Karen S. , Serier Kelsey N. , Smith Brian N. , Vogt Dawne
Published: September 2024

Objective

Trauma exposure, particularly interpersonal trauma, is prevalent among individuals with eating disorders (EDs), and trauma exposure and the subsequent development of posttraumatic stress disorder have been associated with poorer outcomes for ED treatment. To our knowledge, there are no published investigations of trauma exposure among individuals with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), a new diagnosis introduced by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐5. We investigated associations between trauma exposure and ARFID profiles in a sample of U.S. military veteran men and women.

Method

Participants in this cross‐sectional study included 1494 veterans randomly selected from the population of post‐9/11 veterans who had separated from military service within the previous 18 months. They completed a survey assessing EDs, including the Nine Item ARFID Screen and trauma exposure.

Results

Results revealed that 9.8% of the sample exceeded cutoffs for any ARFID profile, with the picky eating profile being the most common. Trauma exposure was prevalent among participants who exceeded cutoffs for ARFID, particularly the picky eating profile.

Discussion

Findings highlight the importance of addressing EDs, including ARFID, in veterans. It will be important to examine the extent to which trauma and trauma‐related disorders impact treatment outcomes for individuals with ARFID.
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with liver fibrosis in patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery
Authors: Córdova‐Gallardo Jacqueline , Martínez‐Sánchez Froylan David , Medina‐Julio David , Rojano‐Rodríguez Martin Edgardo , Romero‐Loera Luz Sujey , Vargas‐Agredano Romina , Méndez‐Sánchez Nahum
Published: September 2024

Background

Obesity is a significant risk factor for metabolic‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The association between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and liver fibrosis has not been fully elucidated in patients with obesity and MASLD.

Methods

This observational retrospective study included clinical and biochemical parameters of patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. HP infection was confirmed by gastric endoscopy, and liver biopsies were performed during surgery. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were employed to evaluate independent associations with liver fibrosis and steatosis by biopsy.

Results

The mean age of the subjects was 42 ± 10 years, with 84.7% being women, and they had a mean BMI of 42.97 ± 7.56 kg/m2. Overall, 41.7% of patients had an HP infection. Multiple logistic regression models were conducted to assess the association between HP infection, liver steatosis, and fibrosis by biopsy. HP infection was independently associated with liver fibrosis [OR = 3.164 (95% CI 1.011–9.900)].

Conclusion

Biopsy findings associated HP infection with increased liver fibrosis.
Maxillomandibular Advancement for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients With Obesity: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Diemer Tanner J. , Nanu Douglas P. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Ibrahim Badr , Meyer Ted A. , Abdelwahab Mohamed
Published: September 2024

Objective

To systematically review polysomnographic and cephalometric data in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2) treated with maxillomandibular advancement (MMA).

Data Sources

Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, and The COCHRANE Library.

Review Methods

A search was performed from inception until April 3, 2024, in each database.

Results

A total of 14 studies (143 subjects) were included. The mean age was 44.3 years (range: 17–69), 80.2% males (95% CI: 72.5–86.5), mean BMI of 35.3 (95% CI: 33.1–37.5), and mean duration to follow‐up post‐MMA was 13.7 months (95% CI: 10.1–17.3). All objective outcomes improved significantly; overall, apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) decreased by −57.3 ([95% CI: −71.5 to −43.2], p < 0.0001) lowest oxygen saturation (LSAT) increased by 14.1% ([95% CI: 9.9 to 18.3], p < 0.0001), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) decreased by −9.4 ([95% CI: −13.5 to −5.2], p < 0.0001). Surgical cure was 39.2% (95% CI: 20.3–60.0), and surgical success was 85.6% (95% CI: 77.8–91.5). Comparing percent reduction in class 3 obesity (−92.9%) as compared to class 1 (−85.5%) and class 2 (−83.6%) exhibited a significant difference (1 vs 3 p = 0.0012, 2 vs 3 p = 0.015).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that MMA significantly improves subjective and objective outcomes in OSA amongst patients with obesity with results comparable to the overall population. Success rates remained above 80% in studies with the highest mean BMI. In addition, patients with class 3 obesity yielded a significantly increased benefit based on percent reduction in AHI compared with class 1 and 2.

Level of Evidence

1 Laryngoscope, 135:507–516, 2025
Zoom Boom or Bust? Understanding Post‐Pandemic Interest in Facial Plastic Surgery via Google Trends
Authors: Liao David , Lee Mark , Shomorony Andre , Weitzman Rachel , Sclafani Anthony P.
Published: September 2024

Objective

To understand post‐pandemic interest in plastic surgery procedures via Joinpoint analysis of Google Trends search data.

Methods

Google Trends was used to quantify search volumes from January 2019–December 2022 for select cosmetic face and body procedures in the United States. A keyword analytic tool (Keywords Everywhere) extracted absolute search volumes (average monthly searches). Joinpoint analysis assessed search trends over time reported as monthly percentage change (MPC).

Results

All procedures queried, including a non‐cosmetic control (cataract surgery), demonstrated expected declines at the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Blepharoplasty, face lift, neck lift, and Botox demonstrated statistically significant increase in search volumes that remained elevated relative to pre‐pandemic levels. Rhinoplasty, fillers, and abdominoplasty interest increased initially followed by return to pre‐pandemic levels by the end of 2022. The remainder of search terms did not show a clear temporal associated with COVID‐19 lockdowns.

Conclusion

The “Zoom Boom” appears to be a real phenomenon reflected by sustained increase in public interest in relation to facial plastic procedures.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 135:657–664, 2025
Clinical relevance of subtyping CTNNB1‐mutated hepatocellular adenomas: Different risk patterns according to the mutation type
Authors: Bioulac‐Sage Paulette , Sempoux Christine , Gouw Annette S. H. , Paradis Valérie , Le Bail Brigitte , Raymond Anne Aurélie , Balabaud Charles
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims

Beta‐catenin‐activated hepatocellular adenomas (b‐HCA) with exon 3 (ex3) non‐S45, ex3 S45 or ex7/8 mutations display different glutamine synthetase (GS)‐immunostaining patterns; the latter two show a GS‐positive/CD34‐negative rim contrasting with diffuse CD34 in the HCA core. Our objective was to determine whether discriminating the three b‐HCA mutation subtypes is clinically relevant.

Methods

We analysed the clinicopathological data of the three b‐HCA subtypes (37 resected cases) and compared it with the corresponding subtypes of beta‐catenin‐activated inflammatory HCA (b‐IHCA, 40 cases).

Results

The mean age of b‐HCA ex7/8 and ex3 S45 were 25.9 and 27.3 years respectively. Clinical bleeding occurred in 67% and 63%, including five cases of pregnant women; malignant transformation was not observed in these two subtypes. The mean age of the b‐HCA ex3 non‐S45 subtype (41 years) was significantly higher; clinical bleeding occurred in 14% while all cases contained malignancy. Such differences in age and clinical complications were not found in the b‐IHCA subtypes. Additionally, we found abnormal vessels in b‐HCA ex3 S45 and ex7/8, near the GS+/CD34− rim, which was not seen in ex3 non‐S45. These vessels can function as an adjunct to discriminate between the b‐HCA subgroups.

Conclusion

In our series, b‐HCA ex7/8 and ex3 S45 patients are significantly younger and have higher clinical bleeding risk than b‐HCA ex3 non‐S45 patients who have a higher malignant risk. Hence, in b‐HCA, due to the differences in clinical complications, it is clinically relevant to identify all three subtypes individually.
Predicting consumer ad preferences: Leveraging a machine learning approach for EDA and FEA neurophysiological metrics
Authors: Marques João Alexandre Lobo , Neto Andreia C. , Silva Susana C. , Bigne Enrique
Published: September 2024

This research unveils to predict consumer ad preferences by detecting seven basic emotions, attention and engagement triggered by advertising through the analysis of two specific physiological monitoring tools, electrodermal activity (EDA), and Facial Expression Analysis (FEA), applied to video advertising, offering a twofold contribution of significant value. First, to identify the most relevant physiological features for consumer preference prediction. We integrated a statistical module encompassing inferential and exploratory analysis tools, which identified emotions such as Joy, Disgust, and Surprise, enabling the statistical differentiation of preferences concerning various advertisements. Second, we present an artificial intelligence (AI) system founded on machine learning techniques, encompassing k‐Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest (RF). Our findings show that the RF technique emerged as the top performer, boasting an 81% Accuracy, 84% Precision, 79% Recall, and an F1‐score of 81% in predicting consumer preferences. In addition, our research proposes an eXplainable AI module based on feature importance, which discerned Attention, Engagement, Joy, and Disgust as the four most pivotal features influencing consumer ad preference prediction. The results indicate that computerized intelligent systems based on EDA and FEA data can be used to predict consumer ad preferences based on videos and effectively used as supporting tools for marketing specialists.
Pluronic F127‐Complexed PEGylated Poly(glutamic acid)‐Cisplatin Nanomedicine for Enhanced Glioblastoma Therapy
Authors: Chang Xiaoyu , Liu Jiaxue , Li Yunqian , Li Wenliang
Published: September 2024

Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive and treatment‐resistant forms of primary brain cancer, posing significant challenges in effective therapy. This study aimed to enhance the effectiveness of glioblastoma therapy by developing a unique nanomedicine composed of Pluronic F127‐complexed PEGylated poly(glutamic acid)‐cisplatin (PLG‐PEG/PF127‐CDDP). PLG‐PEG/PF127‐CDDP demonstrated an optimal size of 133.97 ± 12.60 nm, facilitating efficient cell uptake by GL261 glioma cells. In vitro studies showed significant cytotoxicity against glioma cells with a half‐maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 12.61 µg mL−1 at 48 h and a 72.53% ± 1.89% reduction in cell invasion. Furthermore, PLG‐PEG/PF127‐CDDP prolonged the circulation half‐life of cisplatin to 9.75 h in vivo, leading to a more than 50% reduction in tumor size on day 16 post‐treatment initiation in a murine model of glioma. The treatment significantly elevated lactate levels in GL261 cells, indicating enhanced metabolic disruption. Therefore, PLG‐PEG/PF127‐CDDP offers a promising approach for glioblastoma therapy due to its effects on improving drug delivery efficiency, therapeutic outcomes, and safety while minimizing systemic side effects. This work underscores the potential of polymer‐based nanomedicines in overcoming the challenges of treating brain tumors, paving the way for future clinical applications.
Interleukin‐12 sustained release system promotes hematopoietic recovery after radiation injury
Authors: Lin Chuanchuan , Xiang Yang , Zhang Yangyang , Yang Zhenxing , Chen Nanxi , Zhang Weiwei , Hu Lanyue , Chen Jianxin , Luo Ya , Wang Xueying , Xiao Yanni , Zhang Qing , Ran Xi , Chen Li , Dai Jigang , Li Zhongjun , Ran Qian
Published: September 2024

The continuous production of mature blood cell lineages is maintained by hematopoietic stem cells but they are highly susceptible to damage by ionizing radiation (IR) that induces death. Thus, devising therapeutic strategies that can mitigate hematopoietic toxicity caused by IR would benefit acute radiation syndrome (ARS) victims and patients receiving radiotherapy. Herein, we describe the preparation of an injectable hydrogel formulation based on Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐alginate (RGD‐Alg) and Laponite using a simple mixing method that ensured a slow and sustained release of interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) (RGD‐Alg/Laponite@IL‐12). The local administration of RGD‐Alg/Laponite@IL‐12 increased survival rates and promoted the hematopoietic recovery of mice who had received sublethal‐dose irradiation. Local intra‐bone marrow (intra‐BM) injection of RGD‐Alg/Laponite@IL‐12 hydrogel effectively stimulated IL12 receptor‐phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (IL‐12R‐PI3K/AKT) signaling axis, which promoted proliferation and hematopoietic growth factors secretion of BM mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. This signaling axis facilitates the repair of the hematopoietic microenvironment and plays a pivotal role in hematopoietic reconstitution. In conclusion, we describe a biomaterial‐sustained release of IL‐12 for the treatment of irradiated hematopoietic injury and provide a new therapeutic strategy for hematopoietic ARS.
Unveiling the Dominant Factors in Subthalamic Stimulation for Improving Depression in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Zhao Guangrui , Cheng Yifeng , Li Guangfeng , Li Lanxin , Li Feng , Wu Yuzhang , Du Chuan , Yan Jingtao , Cong Guangyan , Zhao Qiyuan , Wang Min , Feng Keke , Yin Shaoya
Published: September 2024

Background

Currently, the conclusions of studies on subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for improving Parkinson's disease (PD) with depression are inconsistent, and the reasons for improvement or deterioration remain unclear.

Methods

The aim was to investigate the prognosis of PD with depression after bilateral STN‐DBS and the factors related to the improvement in depression. The local and network effects of DBS on depression in PD (DPD) were further explored based on the volume of tissue activation (VTA). The study analyzed 80 primary PD patients who had undergone bilateral STN‐DBS, comprising 47 patients with improved depression and 33 patients without improvement. Two groups of clinical profiles and stimulation parameters were compared, and the network models for improving depression were constructed.

Results

The improvement in depression was closely associated with improvement in anxiety (odd rate [OR] = 1.067, P = 0.006) and the standardized space left y‐coordinate (OR = 0.253, P = 0.005). The VTA overlapping with the left motor STN subregion is most significantly associated with improvement in depression (RSpearman = 0.53, P < 0.001; RPearson = 0.43, P < 0.001). The y‐coordinates in the improvement group were closer to the optimal stimulation site for improving motor symptoms. Finally, both the structural and functional network models indicate a positive correlation between depression improvement and the connectivity of the sensorimotor cortex.

Conclusion

The amelioration of DPD is primarily attributed to the stimulation of bilateral motor STN, particularly on the left. However, this stimulatory effect manifests as an indirect influence.
Reliability of Uroflowmetry Pattern Interpretation in Adult Women
Authors: Rickey Leslie M. , Mueller Elizabeth R. , Newman Diane K. , Markland Alayne D. , Falke Chloe , Rudser Kyle , Smith Ariana L. , Mueller Margaret G. , Lowder Jerry L. , Lukacz Emily S. ,   Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) Research Consortium
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Uroflowmetry is often used to assess lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Criteria for characterization of flow patterns are not well established, and subjective interpretation is the most common approach for flow curve classification. We assessed the reliability of uroflowmetry curve interpretation in adult women.

Materials and Methods

Uroflowmetry studies were obtained in 296 women who participated in an observational cohort study. Four investigators with expertise in female LUTS and urodynamics reviewed and categorized each tracing for interrater reliability. A random subset of 50 tracings was re‐reviewed by each investigator for intrarater reliability. The uroflowmetry tracings were rated using categories of continuous, continuous fluctuating, interrupted, and prolonged. Other parameters included flow rate, voided volume, time to maximum flow, and voiding time. Agreement between raters is summarized with kappa (k) statistics and percentage where at least three raters agreed.

Results

The mean age of participants was 44.8 ± 18.3 years. Participant age categories were 18–24 years: 20%; 25–34 years: 17%; 35–64 years: 42%; 65+ years: 18%. Nine percent described their race as Asian, 31% Black, 62% White, and 89% were of non‐Hispanic ethnicity. The interrater reliability was highest for the continuous flow category (k = 0.65), 0.47 for prolonged, 0.41 for continuous fluctuating, and 0.39 for interrupted flow curves. Agreement among at least three raters occurred in 74.3% of uroflow curves (69% for continuous, 33% for continuous fluctuating, 23% for interrupted, and 25% for prolonged). For intrarater reliability, the mean k was 0.72 with a range of 0.57–0.85.

Conclusions

Currently accepted uroflowmetry pattern categories have fair to moderate interrater reliability, which is lower for flow curves that do not meet “continuous” criteria. Given the subjective nature of interpreting uroflowmetry data, more consistent and clear parameters may enhance reliability for use in research and as a screening tool for LUTS and voiding dysfunction.

Trial Registration

Parent trial: Validation of Bladder Health Instrument for Evaluation in Women (VIEW); ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04016298.
Amyloban, extracted from Hericium erinaceus, ameliorates social deficits and suppresses the enhanced dopaminergic system in social defeat stress mice
Authors: Wang Tianran , Toriumi Kazuya , Suzuki Kazuhiro , Miyashita Mitsuhiro , Ozawa Azuna , Masada Mayuko , Itokawa Masanari , Arai Makoto
Published: September 2024

Social dysfunctions are common in various psychiatric disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, and autism, and are long‐lasting and difficult to treat. The development of treatments for social impairment is critical for the treatment of several psychiatric disorders. “Amyloban 3399,” a product extracted from the mushroom Hericium erinaceus, markedly improves social dysfunctions in patients with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia and depression. However, the molecular mechanism(s) through which amyloban ameliorates social impairment remains unclear. To clarify this mechanism, in this study, we aimed to establish a mouse model of social defeat stress (SDS) and investigate the effects of amyloban on social deficits. Amyloban administration ameliorated social deficits and the dopamine system activity in SDS mice. These findings suggest that there is a possibility that amyloban may improve social deficits by suppressing the hyperactivation of the dopaminergic system. Amyloban may be an effective treatment for social dysfunctions associated with various psychiatric disorders.
Modeling variability of the electrical conductivity tensor for the induction welding of composites
Authors: Schuttert Wouter J. , Abdul Rasheed Mohammed Iqbal , Rosić Bojana
Published: September 2024

Induction welding utilizes electromagnetic induction to heat carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) materials, enabling their fusion without direct contact. This heating process directly impacts material viscosity and bonding strength, with optimal temperatures ensuring proper fusion and strong adhesion between composite layers. The process is strongly influenced by material quality, as poor‐quality materials can lead to uneven heating, incomplete fusion, and compromised structural integrity. To investigate the influence of the variation of CFRTP material properties on the generated heat, in this paper, we propose a novel way of modeling and propagating the stochastic electrical conductivity tensor through the physics based model describing the fusion bonding. The electrical conductivity of CFRTP is an anisotropic and inherently variable material property. To model this variation, we propose a stochastic model belonging to a family of positive definite tensors. In particular, we suggest the stochastic model in which both the scaling/strength and orientation of the tensor are separately modeled as stochastic. In this manner, we are capable of assigning a specific class of spatial symmetries and invariances to individual realizations of the stochastic tensor, all the while insisting that the average of the entire population adheres to a potentially ‘higher’ spatial invariance class. Finally, the proposed model is incorporated to the physics based model based on which the variation in the temperature field characterizing the fusion bonding process is quantified with the help of the sparse grid integration.
Nonisothermal Cahn–Hilliard Navier–Stokes system
Authors: Brunk Aaron , Schumann Dennis
Published: September 2024

In this research, we introduce and investigate an approximation method that preserves the structural integrity of the non‐isothermal Cahn–Hilliard–Navier–Stokes system. Our approach extends a previously proposed technique by Brunk and Schumann, which utilizes conforming (inf‐sup stable) finite elements in space, coupled with implicit time discretization employing convex‐concave splitting. Expanding upon this method, we incorporate the unstable pair for the Navier–Stokes contributions, integrating Brezzi–Pitkäranta stabilization. Additionally, we improve the enforcement of incompressibility conditions through grad–div stabilization. While these techniques are well‐established for Navier–Stokes equations, it becomes apparent that for non‐isothermal models, they introduce additional coupling terms to the equation governing internal energy. To ensure the conservation of total energy and maintain entropy production, these stabilization terms are appropriately integrated into the internal energy equation.
Accelerating the design of the effective surface of pressing tools with probabilistic inverse modeling approaches
Authors: Hupfeld Henning Karsten , Teshima Yuta , Ali Syed Sarim , Dröder Klaus , Herrmann Christoph , Hürkamp André
Published: September 2024

In the design and production of press part components, the tool development process is an essential step to fulfil the required quality criteria. Conventionally, this is achieved based on expert knowledge to design the effective surface with respect to the multitude of physical, procedural, and human influences. Thus, several iterations in the tool development process are usually required, which are costly and can lead to bottlenecks within product design cycles. To accelerate this tool design, we propose a diffusion model architecture to inversely design the necessary effective tool surface given a desired geometry of the press part. This diffusion model is able to reduce the generalization issues of classical machine learning approaches by leveraging the attention mechanism both in the spatial and temporal dimension of the underlying forming process. The applicability of a similar diffusion model has already been shown in previous applications for the inverse‐design of metamaterials and this work further demonstrates diffusion models as a suitable model candidate for the inverse‐design of 3D‐geometries. For model training, finite element simulations containing the time series of deformation states during the forming process were used. Furthermore, different geometry variations of part and tool as well as relevant press process parameters were used in the training. With the procedure demonstrated in this study, a future‐oriented support for the tool development process has been shown, enabling further developments towards a time‐ and cost‐efficient production of press tools.
Fipronil‐infused sodium polyacrylate gels provide effective management of Argentine ants in conservation areas
Authors: Buczkowski Grzegorz , Wossler Theresa
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Various types of hydrogel compounds have recently been developed for controlling invasive and pest ants in a range of environmental settings including agricultural, urban and natural areas. The current study evaluated the potential of sodium polyacrylate (ACR) hydrogels to effectively deliver liquid baits to Argentine ants.

RESULTS

Relative to standard polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogels, individual ACR hydrogel particles were approximately five‐fold heavier; this may affect how ants interact with the bait particles, and further influence bait uptake and efficacy. Additionally, ACR hydrogels had significantly higher water absorption capacity and significantly slower rate of water loss, especially during the first 2 h. The efficacy of ACR hydrogel bait containing 0.005% fipronil and various attractants was evaluated on laboratory colonies. Results demonstrated that ACR hydrogel acceptance is significantly increased by the addition of feeding attractants. In addition, a field trial was performed in a nature reserve invaded by Argentine ants to evaluate the efficacy of ACR hydrogel bait. The field trial demonstrated that ACR hydrogel bait containing 0.005% fipronil with various attractants is highly effective and that ant densities throughout the baited plots declined by >99% within 7 days.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study demonstrate that: (i) fipronil is highly effective for Argentine ant control in natural areas when used in low concentrations (0.005%); (ii) ACR hydrogels are an effective tool for delivering liquid baits to Argentine ants; and (iii) hydrogel baits augmented with various attractants including salt, protein and pheromone are highly attractive to Argentine ants. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Online actor‐critic learning control with self‐triggered mechanism for nonlinear regulation problems
Authors: Liu Guilong , Yang Yongliang , Li Qing , Modares Hamidreza
Published: September 2024

In this article, a novel self‐triggered mechanism is developed to reduce the computation burden and communication bandwidth for the optimal regulation problem of nonlinear dynamical systems. Compared with existing results, this article can avoid continuous measurement of online signals while achieving the performance optimization with closed‐loop system stability guarantee. The self‐triggered mechanism is combined with the actor‐critic structure for performance optimization, where the critic is trained to provide a guideline to improve the actor. The actor‐critic learning is implemented as a hybrid system, where the critic weights update as a continuous flow, and the actor weights are adapted intermittently. The simulation study is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed self‐triggered actor‐critic learning.
Design and application of finite‐time tracking control for autonomous ground vehicle affected by external disturbances
Authors: Chen Zongliang , Pan Shuguo , Tang Xinhua , Meng Xiaolin , Gao Wang , Yu Baoguo
Published: September 2024

Path tracking plays a critical role in autonomous driving for autonomous ground vehicle (AGV). However, AGV faces challenges in accurate tracking and chatter reduction due to external disturbances, making it difficult to meet the tracking performance requirements. Currently, sliding mode control (SMC) and disturbances observer are primarily employed for disturbance estimation. However, ensuring finite‐time robust control remains a significant challenge. To ensure rapid convergence of tracking errors and effective disturbance rejection, this paper proposed a novel non‐singular fast terminal sliding mode (NFTSM) control scheme based on finite‐time disturbance observation (FDO). First, a novel NFTSM controller based on AGV dynamic model is developed to achieve fast convergence of tracking errors. Then, to mitigate disturbances effects and suppress chatter, an innovative FDO method is employed. Finally, based on FDO, the NFTSM‐FDO establishes a control scheme that enhances disturbances suppression and accelerates convergence. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the innovation of the proposed method. Compared with other SMC methods, the results validate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach, exhibiting fast convergence and superior tracking performance.
Energy security indicators for sustainable energy development: Application to electricity sector in the context of state economic decisions
Authors: Karpavicius Tomas , Balezentis Tomas , Streimikiene Dalia
Published: September 2024

This paper discusses the interlinkages between energy security indicators and government economic interventions in the electricity sector. The research was carried out using a systematic literature review and comparative analysis and was mainly based on qualitative criteria. Following a literature review and data analysis, the paper identifies 65 energy security indicators (from over 300 possible indicators) that are relevant for the electricity sector. The work also highlights the indicators of energy security on which the state's economic decisions have a direct and indirect effect. This is the basis of the scientific novelty and relevance of this study. The paper highlights the role of public economic policy in the domain of energy security (including energy supply, reliability and affordability). This research helps to show how different parts of energy safety in the electricity field are connected. It shows how government economic choices can have both direct and indirect effects on energy outcomes, helping us understand the complex ways policies and energy results relate to each other. The paper argues that state interventions in areas such as public support for promotion of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency gains, and energy price regulation exert a significant effect on energy security in the electricity sector. The paper also examines the theoretical issues underpinning the definition, dimensions and assessment of energy security. Possible trade‐offs between economic growth and energy security are discussed drawing attention to the importance of a balanced approach to formulation of economic policy. The study also argues that state economic decisions play a crucial role in shaping energy security in the electricity sector and stresses the topicality of a better ability to fathom the potential outcomes of these decisions. The comprehensive analysis of 65 energy security indicators presented in this paper gives valuable insights for both analysts and decision makers. The analysis confirms the importance of a nuanced approach in measuring and combining these indicators into policymaking (for governments, industry leaders, scientists, researchers, NGOs) to enhance the overall effectiveness and sustainability of energy security policies in the electricity sector. The findings suggest that policies promoting renewable energy, energy efficiency and diversification are key to achieving a stable and sustainable electricity supply, urging further research incorporating dynamic models and data analytics for comprehensive energy security strategies.
Electrification of Oxidized Starch Production – Influence on Product Quality
Authors: Bisselink Roel , Polhuis Michael , Timmermans Johan W. , Haveren Jacco van , Slaghek Ted M.
Published: September 2024

Industrial starch oxidations are commonly carried out using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Electrification of this process via continuous generation of NaOCl from sodium chloride (NaCl) in situ has the potential to substantially lower the environmental impact thereof, as brine waste streams are reduced, while occupational health and safety risks associated with the use of NaOCl, such as during transport, handling, and storage, can also be minimized. In the present study, the influence of continuous electrochemical generation of NaOCl from NaCl on the quality of the starch oxidation process is evaluated based on measurements of oxidized starch carboxylate contents (DSCO2H), molecular weights (Mws), and pasting characteristics in comparison to those of commercially available reference oxidized starches produced by oxidation with NaOCl in batch suspension processes. Recycling of the NaCl solution and how this affects the quality of the oxidized starch products is also investigated. By successfully preparing oxidized granular starches almost identical to the reference starches, the results show that it is feasible to electrify the oxidation process and that the original NaCl chloride solution can be recycled at least four times for in situ electrochemical generation of NaOCl.
Advancements in Biopolymer‐Derived Graft Copolymers: A Comprehensive Review on Their Application in Sustainable Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Sinha Sweta
Published: September 2024

Rising concerns over water pollution and the depletion of non‐renewable resources have propelled the exploration of eco‐friendly and sustainable wastewater treatment alternatives. Biopolymer‐derived graft copolymers emerge as a promising solution, offering biodegradability, cost‐effectiveness, versatility, and enhanced functionality. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in utilizing these copolymers as eco‐friendly flocculants for wastewater treatment. It covers synthesis methods for functionalized biopolymer‐based flocculants, diverse flocculation mechanisms, and their efficacy in solid–liquid separation. The article explores applications for removing pollutants, emphasizing biodegradability, cost‐effectiveness, and versatility. Special attention is given to the environmental impact, critically analyzing how these copolymers contribute to sustainable water treatment practices. The review also discusses potential future prospects and advancements in addressing global water pollution challenges using biopolymer‐derived graft copolymers.
Reassigned surgical margins after neoadjuvant chemotherapy results in low local recurrence in dogs with mast cell tumours
Authors: Ciammaichella Luca , Sabattini Silvia , Del Magno Sara , Renzi Andrea , Cola Veronica , Zanardi Stefano , Agnoli Chiara , Marconato Laura
Published: September 2024

Background

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is delivered before surgery to allow less extensive tumour resection, but the optimal surgical margin width after NAC is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of reassigned margins on local recurrence after NAC in dogs with mast cell tumours (MCTs).

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted for dogs with MCTs undergoing NAC consisting of vinblastine and prednisolone, subsequent tumour resection and lymphadenectomy, and a minimum follow‐up of 6 months. Surgical margins were reassigned based on the size of the MCT after NAC. Pre‐ and post‐NAC measurements of MCTs were recorded. The margin status was assessed with a combined radial and tangential sectioning technique; pre‐NAC MCT cytograde and lymph node (LN) cytological status were compared with the Kiupel grade and Weishaar stage, respectively.

Results

Twenty‐two dogs were included. MCT shrinkage after NAC consistently occurred, with a median reduction rate of 40.4% (range 5%–94.5%). Margins were complete in 15 of 22 dogs, and two MCTs and three LNs appeared histologically downgraded and downstaged, respectively. Two (9.1%) MCTs recurred.

Limitations

The limitations of this study were the small sample size and relatively short follow‐up.

Conclusion

NAC leads to shrinkage of canine MCTs, with the resulting reassigned surgical margins being associated with a low recurrence rate.