bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virtual/Augmented Realities, Haptics, and Problems of Ontology
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Openkov Mikhail Yu. , Varakin Vladimir S.
Published: October 2020

In this article, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are analysed from the standpoint of digital materialism, which states that any digital matter (including VR and AR) is an in-material construct. The authors describe VR and AR as special ontological models. It is emphasized that the basis for the creation and development of VR and AR is the sense of touch, which, in its turn, is a fusion of sensations, including optic ones. Moreover, the authors consider the hand to be the source of and a metaphor for VR and AR: it is the main organ of the human body responsible for touch and, therefore, determines haptics as a fundamental mode of comprehension of regular reality. Thus, the concept of entelechy introduced by Aristotle can serve as a key to understand how VR and AR are implemented and presented. If, according to Aristotle, the soul as a hand is the entelechy of a natural body, then a hand in a cyber glove, which makes staying in VR possible, is the entelechy of a body converged with the electronic and digital environment. In the case of AR, a hand does not necessarily require technogarments and turns out to be the entelechy of a non-technological body immersed, with its help, into the electronic and digital environment. As a result, VR and AR themselves become the entelechies, that is, tangible, or, in other words, haptically perceived forms and images of being. The authors conclude that both VR and AR depend on human experience and are ontologically irresponsible. Allowing a person to comprehend his/her own existence in the affordances bestowed upon him/her, VR and AR demonstrate how the human body reacts to the work of the brain immersed into the virtual and augmented worlds.
Workshop for Modeling a Lesson in the Social Studies Teacher Training Program
Authors: Куренышева Е.П. , Мысливченко И.В.
Published: October 2020

авторы обосновывают особую актуальность проблемы обучения современным технологиям моделирования урока будущих учителей обществознания. В статье раскрывается содержание практикума моделирования урока по обществознанию, нацеленного на формирование профессиональных компетенций учителя основной и средней общей школы в соответствии с действующим ФГОС. Авторы также обобщают опыт преподавания данного учебного курса в Институте социально-гуманитарного образования МПГУ.

the Authors substantiate the special relevance of the problem of teaching students who are preparing to become social science teachers to modern technologies of lesson modeling. The article reveals the content of the practice of modeling a lesson in social science, aimed at the formation of professional competencies of teachers of primary and secondary General schools in accordance with the current Federal law. The authors also summarize the experience of teaching this course at the Institute of social and humanitarian education of MPSU.
The Role of Social and Humanitarian Education in Teacher Training
Authors: Теплова Е.Ф.
Published: October 2020

функция образования по формированию общественного сознания и мировоззрения является одной из важнейших. В статье социально-гуманитарное образование рассматривается как исключительно значимая часть подготовки педагога.

the function of education for the formation of public consciousness and worldview is one of the most important. In this article, social and humanitarian education is considered as an extremely important part of teacher training.
Formation of the Islamic identity in a non-Islamic environment
Authors: Макаренко О.А.
Published: October 2020

в статье дан анализ проблемы исламской идентичности в религиозном и культурном плане. Проводится анализ особенностей формирования идентичности в условиях неисламской среды. Определена роль исламских институтов в работе по формированию идентичности на базе религиозной терпимости. Определены возможные пути преодоления данной проблемы.

the article analyzes the problem of Islamic identity in religious and cultural terms. The article analyzes the situation of identity formation in a non-Islamic environment. The role of Islamic institutions in the formation of identity based on religious tolerance is defined. Possible ways to overcome this problem are identified.
Philosophical Criticism as a Phenomenon of Free Thinking
Authors: Маслаков А.С.
Published: October 2020

в решении своих вопросов философия выступает как рефлексия и самокритика мышления. Такая критика является самообнаружением мышления. Поэтому университетский курс философии неизбежно становится школой самокритики мысли, а историко-философский материал – непосредственным объектом для повседневной учебной работы и интеллектуальной практики. Внутри этой практики критическое мышление неизбежно обретает себя как свободное мышление. Рассматривается вопрос преподавания философии в условиях перехода на новые стандарты высшего образования, ставится проблема статуса философии в современной ситуации.

in solving its problems, philosophy acts as self-reflection and self-criticism of thinking. Such criticism is self-discovery of thinking. Therefore, the university course of philosophy inevitably becomes a school of self-criticism of thought, and historical and philosophical material is a direct object for everyday academic work and intellectual practice. Within this practice, critical thinking inevitably acquires itself as free thinking. The question of teaching philosophy in the areas of transition to new standards of higher education in accordance with the requirements of federal law is considered, the problem of the status of philosophy in the current situation is posed.
Trends in Corporate Training of Russian Companies: Training in Entrepreneurship Skills
Authors: Василенко Д.М.
Published: October 2020

в статье рассматриваются аспекты обучения навыкам предпринимательства как тенденция корпоративного обучения успешных российских компаний.

the article deals with aspects of entrepreneurship training as a tendency of internal training of successful Russian companies.
Pirfenidono klinikinio veiksmingumo metaanalizė, gydant idiopatinę plaučių fibrozę
Authors: Kalinauskaitė-Žukauskė Virginija
Published: October 2020

Idiopatinė plaučių fibrozė – tai liga, pasireiškianti progresuojančia plaučių audinio fibroze, greitai prastėjančia plaučių funkcija bei pasižyminti trumpu išgyvenamumu. Nėra vaistų, išgydančių ligą, tačiau galima efektyviai stabilizuoti jos eigą ir sulėtinti progresavimą. Veiksmingumą ir saugumą klinikiniuose tyrimuose įrodę bei patvirtinti idiopatinės plaučių fibrozės gydymui vaistai yra priešfibrotiškai veikiantys pirfenidonas ir nintedanibas. Atlikta pirmoji sisteminė apžvalga ir internete prieinamų duomenų metaanalizė, kurios metu vertintas pirfenidono ir nintedanibo veiksmingumas panašiais laiko intervalais nuo gydymo pradžios. Tiek pirfenidonas, tiek nintedanibas yra veiksmingi gydant idiopatinę plaučių fibrozę, jie lėtina plaučių funkcijos kritimą, tačiau pirfenidonas pasižymėjo mažesniais mirštamumo rodikliais.
Introduction
Authors: Goodbody Axel H. , Flys-Junquera Carmen , Oppermann Serpil
Published: October 2020

Introduction.
Influence Of Sowing Dates And Methods On The Growth And Development Of Oilseed Flax
Authors:   Ph.D., Associate Professor Of Soybeans And Oilseeds, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Uzbekistan, Yuldasheva Zulfiya Kamalovna , Ismatillaeva Aziza A. ,   Master Of The Department Of Soybeans And Oilseeds, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Uzbekistan
Published: October 2020

The article is given that the impact of planting date and methods on the growth and development of oilseed flax variety "Bahorikor" in the conditions of typical irrigated sierozem soils of Tashkent region is studied in practice. Experiments have shown that when the Bahorikor variety is planted early (March 1) in a row with a row spacing of 15 cm, it creates a favorable environment for the growth and development of plants.
Phytonematodaphauna Of Vegetable Crops And Anti-Parasitic Measures In The Greenhouse Conditions Of The Surkhandarya Region
Authors:   Senior Lecturer Department Of Zoology, Termez Staty University, Termez, Uzbekistan, Raxmatova Masuma Umarovna , Soatova Zarina Akvarovna ,   Teacher Of The Department Of Zoology, Termez State University, Termez, Uzbekistan
Published: October 2020

This article covers phytonematodaphauna of vegetable crops and measures against parasites in the greenhouse conditions of the Surkhandarya region. The phytonematodes found and identified as a result of the research carried out belong to 5 categories, 18 families, 32 generations, 68 species according to taxonomic classification. Studies 15 species of true parasite fetonimatoda in the soil around the tomato plant and its roots in the greenhouse conditions of the Surkhandarya region (Bitylenchusdubius, Merliniines brevidens, Tylenchorhynchus brassicae, Rotylenchus robustus, Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, H. digonicus, H. Dihystera, H. digitiformis,H.erythrinae, Pratylenchus pratensis, P.penetrans, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, M. arenaria, Ditylenehus dipsaci) the prevalence was determined.
Design Model Of Bending Reinforced Concrete Elements Under Action Of Transverse Forces Under Conditions Of Increased And High Temperatures
Authors:   Associate Professor, Candidate Of Technical Sciences, Department Construction Of Buildings And Structures, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan, Y.M. Mahkamov
Published: October 2020

In this article, the calculation of the strength and crack resistance of bending elements operating under conditions of high and high temperatures and transverse forces are proposed to be carried out according to a calculation model developed based on an analysis of experimental studies that takes into account more correctly the physics of the stress-strain phenomenon of the element.
Sh.Rashidov Personality And National Leadership Conflicts
Authors:   Tashkent Institute Of Finance Senior Teacher, Tashkent City, Uzbekistan, Samadovich Makhmudov Komal
Published: October 2020

In this article, the period of the kingdom of the Soviets of our history, the years of kataghan are full of sad events and mourning events, the period of our people's nation as a nation, which has been pinned, humiliated and trampled upon. The essence of the Soviet totalitarian system, in which the state administration is centralized and has a commanding character, the essence of the policy of which full state control over political, social, economic, cultural, educational spheres is established, is revealed.
Indications And Causes Of Helminthosis In Children (On Materials Of Surkhandarya Region)
Authors:   Lecturer In Valeology, Termez State University, Uzbekistan, Jalilov Jamshed Jafarovich , Raxmatova Masuma Umarovna ,   Senior Lecturer At Termez State University, Uzbekistan, Khudoyberdieva Sarvinoz Anvarovna ,   Student - Bachelor Of 3 Courses Faculty Of Biology, Termez State University, Uzbekistan, Aliev Zafar Zokirovich ,   Student - Bachelor Of 3 Courses Faculty Of Biology, Termez State University, Uzbekistan
Published: October 2020

This article presents information and conclusions about helminths in children in Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan. According to the research results, in Surkhandarya province 44% of children are infected with enterobiasis and 23% with ascariasis, and the reasons for this are explained.
Central Asia: International Relations As A Factor Of Regional Stability And Integration
Authors:   PhD In Political Science, Senior Lecturer, Department Of International Relations, International Islamic Academy Of Uzbekistan, Berdiyev B.O.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the issues of interethnic relations in Central Asia, the need for integration and cooperation between states, external influences, information impacts on the peoples of the region, border issues, overpopulation, ethnic issues and their impact on the stability of the region.
The Features Of Online Lessons In Teaching English As A Foreign Language
Authors:   Senior Lecturer, The Chair Of Uzbek Language And Literature, Almalyk Branch Of Tashkent State Technical University, Uzbekistan, Irgasheva Umida Raimjanovna
Published: October 2020

This article provides the features of online lessons, the differences between online and offline lessons in teaching English as a foreign language. The advantages and disadvantages of online and traditional lessons in teaching English are described here. They are considered as modern methods of teaching English including such criteria as motivation, the quality of the perception of the material, understanding of speech, overcoming the language barrier and construction of the lesson.
Sustainability Of Oaken Landscapes And Dynamics
Authors:   PhD, Associate Professor, Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Khodjimatov Alisher
Published: October 2020

The article is based on the multifactorial nature of the stability and dynamics of landscapes, especially the strong influence of human economic activity on the stability and dynamics of oasis landscapes.
SAFETY IN COACHING
Authors: Vostrukhina N. V. , Korolikhin A. V.
Published: October 2020

запись беседы (встречи проекта «Коуч-среда» Русской школы коучинга) от 15 июля 2020 года. Собеседники: Королихин Андрей Валерьевич, председатель правления АРК, и Вострухина Наталья Викторовна, член правления АРК
THE PHILOSOPHY OF SOCRATES AND THE PRACTICE OF COACHING
Authors: Valiullina L. M.
Published: October 2020

в данной работе представлены размышления на тему философских основ коучинга на примере символического анализа произведения Платона «Теэтет» и проиллюстрировано, как данный материал можно использовать для понимания практической работы коуча.
ROLE OF THINKING IN FORMATION AUTHORITIES OF LIFE IN COACHING
Authors: Korchagin E. Y.
Published: October 2020

статья посвящена значению и роли мышления в формировании авторства жизни в коучинге на основе идей выдающихся представителей отечественной науки. В статье рассматривается, как можно применить в практике коучинга идеи С.Л. Рубинштейна, А. Н.Леонтьева, Д. Н.Узнадзе. Системный и деятельностный подходы позволяют рассматривать мышление как деятельность, что очень эффективно для работы с установками и убеждениями в коучинговом взаимодействии. Человек в отечественной науке выступает как субъект мыслительной деятельности, что соответствует идее авторства жизни и способствует развитию осознанности и проактивности.
Editorial
Authors: Auge Oliver , Bruhn Karen , Petersen Thorge
Published: October 2020

Der Beitrag führt ein in den Auftaktband der Open-Access-Reihe Kieler Studien zur Universitäts- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte (KSUW).
Er beschreibt die Reihe, die im Kieler Universitätsverlag erscheint, in ihrer Genese aus dem Projekt Kieler Gelehrtenverzeichnis.
Des Weiteren gibt er einen Überblick über die Ideen und Ziele von KSUW und die behandelten Themen des ersten Bandes.
LABOR MARKET DISCRIMINATION – ARE WOMEN STILL MORE SECONDARY WORKERS?
Authors: Rembeza Jerzy , Radlińska Kamila
Published: October 2020

Discrimination based on gender is commonly observed on labor markets, although its scale and symptoms are different with regard to country and are subject to changes over time. Gender-related diverse flows on the labor market constitute one of its symptoms. The paper’s main objective was to answer the question whether women on the labor market were still secondary workers. The analysis was conducted based on general models of flows on the labour market, examining connections between changes in a number of unemployed and changes in a number of employed men and women. There were applied data for eight OECD countries from various regions of the world. The obtained results were highly diversified depending on the analysis period and country. However, they confirmed that in the past women had been more secondary workers despite no differences in the unemployment rate. Gender impact was noticeable especially in the employment decrease periods. For data after the year 1990, gender-related differences disappeared or significantly decreased in four countries (Australia, Denmark, United Kingdom, United States), but in two of them (Canada, South Korea) – differences increased.
The High-energy Radiation Environment around a 10 Gyr M Dwarf: Habitable at Last?
Authors: France Kevin , Duvvuri Girish , Egan Hilary , Koskinen Tommi , Wilson David J. , Youngblood Allison , Froning Cynthia S. , Brown Alexander , Alvarado-Gómez Julián D. , Berta-Thompson Zachory K. , Drake Jeremy J. , Garraffo Cecilia , Kaltenegger Lisa , Kowalski Adam F. , Linsky Jeffrey L. , Loyd R. O. Parke , Mauas Pablo J. D. , Miguel Yamila , Pineda J. Sebastian , Rugheimer Sarah , Schneider P. Christian , Tian Feng , Vieytes Mariela
Published: October 2020

Recent work has demonstrated that high levels of X-ray and UV activity on young M dwarfs may drive rapid atmospheric escape on temperate, terrestrial planets orbiting within the habitable zone. However, secondary atmospheres on planets orbiting older, less active M dwarfs may be stable and present more promising candidates for biomarker searches. In order to evaluate the potential habitability of Earth-like planets around old, inactive M dwarfs, we present new Hubble Space Telescope and Chandra X-ray Observatory observations of Barnard’s Star (GJ 699), a 10 Gyr old M3.5 dwarf, acquired as part of the Mega-MUSCLES program. Despite the old age and long rotation period of Barnard’s Star, we observe two FUV (δ
130 ≈ 5000 s; E
130 ≈ 1029.5 erg each) and one X-ray (E

X
 ≈ 1029.2 erg) flares, and we estimate a high-energy flare duty cycle (defined here as the fraction of the time the star is in a flare state) of ∼25%. A publicly available 5 Å to 10 μm spectral energy distribution of GJ 699 is created and used to evaluate the atmospheric stability of a hypothetical, unmagnetized terrestrial planet in the habitable zone (r
HZ ∼ 0.1 au). Both thermal and nonthermal escape modeling indicate (1) the quiescent stellar XUV flux does not lead to strong atmospheric escape: atmospheric heating rates are comparable to periods of high solar activity on modern Earth, and (2) the flare environment could drive the atmosphere into a hydrodynamic loss regime at the observed flare duty cycle: sustained exposure to the flare environment of GJ 699 results in the loss of ≈87 Earth atmospheres Gyr−1 through thermal processes and ≈3 Earth atmospheres Gyr−1 through ion loss processes. These results suggest that if rocky planet atmospheres can survive the initial ∼5 Gyr of high stellar activity, or if a second-generation atmosphere can be formed or acquired, the flare duty cycle may be the controlling stellar parameter for the stability of Earth-like atmospheres around old M stars.
Density of Neutral Hydrogen in the Sun's Interstellar Neighborhood
Authors: Swaczyna P. , McComas D. J. , Zirnstein E. J. , Sokół J. M. , Elliott H. A. , Bzowski M. , Kubiak M. A. , Richardson J. D. , Kowalska-Leszczynska I. , Stern S. A. , Weaver H. A. , Olkin C. B. , Singer K. N. , Spencer J. R.
Published: October 2020

Interstellar neutral atoms, unlike charged particles, freely penetrate the heliosphere, allowing us to sample the physical state of the interstellar matter directly. Most interstellar hydrogen atoms are ionized before reaching the inner heliosphere and become energetic protons picked up by the solar wind and transported away from the Sun. Consequently, observations of interstellar hydrogen atoms by missions operating within a few astronomical units from the Sun are subject to significant systematic uncertainties. We analyze observations from the Solar Wind Around Pluto instrument on New Horizons, the first experiment to provide extensive measurements of the picked-up protons far from the Sun. Analyzing the density of these protons, we find an interstellar neutral hydrogen density at the termination shock of 0.127 ± 0.015 cm−3, i.e., ∼40% higher than previously thought. We show that the Voyager observations of the slowdown of the solar wind further support this value. This result resolves a problem of why energetic neutral atom fluxes, created from pickup ions by charge exchange with hydrogen atoms, are roughly twice that expected from numerical models. Our result also implies higher charge exchange rates at the heliospheric boundaries and, consequently, a less asymmetric shape of the heliosphere. Based on a previous study of the atom filtration in the heliospheric boundaries, we estimate the neutral hydrogen density in the unperturbed local interstellar medium of 0.195 ± 0.033 cm−3. This value agrees with astrophysical observations of the interstellar clouds in the Sun proximity.
The Massive Ancient Galaxies at z > 3 NEar-infrared (MAGAZ3NE) Survey: Confirmation of Extremely Rapid Star Formation and Quenching Timescales for Massive Galaxies in the Early Universe*
Authors: Forrest Ben , Marsan Z. Cemile , Annunziatella Marianna , Wilson Gillian , Muzzin Adam , Marchesini Danilo , Cooper M. C. , Chan Jeffrey C. C. , McConachie Ian , Gomez Percy , Kado-Fong Erin , Barbera Francesco La , Lange-Vagle Daniel , Nantais Julie , Nonino Mario , Saracco Paolo , Stefanon Mauro , van der Burg Remco F. J.
Published: October 2020

We present near-infrared spectroscopic confirmations of a sample of 16 photometrically selected galaxies with stellar masses

 >11 at redshift z > 3 from the XMM-VIDEO and COSMOS-UltraVISTA fields using Keck/MOSFIRE as part of the Massive Ancient Galaxies At z > 3 NEar-infrared (MAGAZ3NE) survey. Eight of the ultramassive galaxies (UMGs) have specific star formation rates (sSFR) < 0.03 Gyr−1, with negligible emission lines. Another seven UMGs show emission lines consistent with active galactic nuclei and/or star formation, while only one UMG has sSFR > 1 Gyr−1. Model star formation histories of these galaxies describe systems that formed the majority of their stars in vigorous bursts of several hundred megayear duration around

during which hundreds to thousands of solar masses were formed per year. These formation ages of <1 Gyr prior to observation are consistent with ages derived from measurements of D

n
(4000) and

(Hδ). Rapid quenching followed these bursty star-forming periods, generally occurring less than 350 Myr before observation, resulting in post-starburst SEDs and spectra for half the sample. The rapid formation timescales are consistent with the extreme star formation rates observed in

dusty starbursts observed with ALMA, suggesting that such dusty galaxies are progenitors of these UMGs. While such formation histories have been suggested in previous studies, the large sample introduced here presents the most compelling evidence yet that vigorous star formation followed by rapid quenching is almost certainly the norm for high-mass galaxies in the early universe. The UMGs presented here were selected to be brighter than K

s
 = 21.7, raising the intriguing possibility that even (fainter) older quiescent UMGs could exist at this epoch.
Simultaneous Evolution of the Virial Parameter and Star Formation Rate in Molecular Clumps Undergoing Global Hierarchical Collapse
Authors: Camacho Vianey , Vázquez-Semadeni Enrique , Palau Aina , Busquet Gemma , Zamora-Avilés Manuel
Published: October 2020

We compare dense clumps and cores in a numerical simulation of molecular clouds (MCs) undergoing global hierarchical collapse (GHC) to observations in two MCs at different evolutionary stages, the Pipe and the G14.225 clouds, to test the ability of the GHC scenario to follow the early evolution of the energy budget and star formation activity of these structures. In the simulation, we select a region that contains cores of sizes and densities similar to the Pipe cores and find that it evolves through accretion, developing substructure similar to that of the G14.225 cloud after ∼1.6 Myr. Within this region, we follow the evolution of the Larson ratio

, where

is the velocity dispersion and R is the size; the virial parameter α; and the star formation activity of the cores/clumps. In the simulation, we find that as the region evolves, (i) its clumps have

and α values first consistent with those of the Pipe substructures and later with those of G14.225; (ii) the individual cores first exhibit a decrease in α followed by an increase when star formation begins; (iii) collectively, the ensemble of cores/clumps reproduces the observed trend of lower α for higher-mass objects; and (iv) the star formation rate and star formation efficiency increase monotonically. We suggest that this evolution is due to the simultaneous loss of externally driven compressive kinetic energy and increase of the self-gravity-driven motions. We conclude that the GHC scenario provides a realistic description of the evolution of the energy budget of the clouds’ substructure at early times, which occurs simultaneously with an evolution of the star formation activity.
The Extreme Red Excess in Blazar Ultraviolet Broad Emission Lines
Authors: Punsly Brian , Marziani Paola , Berton Marco , Kharb Preeti
Published: October 2020

We present a study of quasars with very redward asymmetric (RA) ultraviolet (UV) broad emission lines (BELs). An excess of redshifted emission has been previously shown to occur in the BELs of radio-loud quasars and is most extreme in certain blazars. Paradoxically, blazars are objects that are characterized by a highly relativistic blueshifted outflow toward Earth. We show that the red emitting gas resides in a very broad component (VBC) that is typical of Population B quasars that are defined by a wide Hβ BEL profile. Empirically, we find that RA BEL blazars have both low Eddington rates (≲1%) and an inordinately large (order unity) ratio of long-term time-averaged jet power to accretion luminosity. The latter circumstance has been previously shown to be associated with a depressed extreme UV ionizing continuum. Both properties conspire to produce a low flux of ionizing photons, two orders of magnitude less than typical Population B quasars. We use CLOUDY models to demonstrate that a weak ionizing flux is required for gas near the central black hole to be optimally ionized to radiate BELs with high efficiency (most quasars overionize nearby gas, resulting in low radiative efficiency). The large gravitational redshift and transverse Doppler shift result in a VBC that is redshifted by ∼2000–5000 km s−1 with a correspondingly large line width. The RA BELs result from an enhanced efficiency (relative to typical Population B quasars) to produce a luminous, redshifted VBC near the central black hole.
Runaway OB Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud: Dynamical versus Supernova Ejections
Authors: Dorigo Jones J. , Oey M. S. , Paggeot K. , Castro N. , Moe M.
Published: October 2020

Runaway OB stars are ejected from their parent clusters via two mechanisms, both involving multiple stars: the dynamical ejection scenario (DES) and the binary supernova scenario (BSS). We constrain the relative contributions from these two ejection mechanisms in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) using data for 304 field OB stars from the spatially complete Runaways and Isolated O-Type Star Spectroscopic Survey of the SMC (RIOTS4). We obtain stellar masses and projected rotational velocities

for the sample using RIOTS4 spectra, and we use transverse velocities

from Gaia DR2 proper motions. Kinematic analyses of the masses,

, noncompact binaries, high-mass X-ray binaries, and Oe/Be stars largely support predictions for the statistical properties of the DES and BSS populations. We find that dynamical ejections dominate over supernova ejections by a factor of ∼2−3 in the SMC, and our results suggest a high frequency of DES runaways and binary ejections. Objects seen as BSS runaways also include two-step ejections of binaries that are reaccelerated by supernova kicks. We find that two-step runaways likely dominate the BSS runaway population. Our results further imply that any contribution from in situ field OB star formation is small. Finally, our data strongly support the post-mass-transfer model for the origin of classical Oe/Be stars, providing a simple explanation for the bimodality in the

distribution and high, near-critical, Oe/Be rotation velocities. The close correspondence of Oe/Be stars with BSS predictions implies that the emission-line disks are long-lived.
The Pan-STARRS Data-processing System
Authors: Magnier Eugene A. , Chambers K. C. , Flewelling H. A. , Hoblitt J. C. , Huber M. E. , Price P. A. , Sweeney W. E. , Waters C. Z. , Denneau L. , Draper P. W. , Hodapp K. W. , Jedicke R. , Kaiser N. , Kudritzki R.-P. , Metcalfe N. , Stubbs C. W. , Wainscoat R. J.
Published: October 2020

The Pan-STARRS data-processing system is responsible for the steps needed to downloaded, archive, and process all images obtained by the Pan-STARRS telescopes, including real-time detection of transient sources such as supernovae and moving objects including potentially hazardous asteroids. With a nightly data volume of up to 4 TB and an archive of over 4 PB of raw imagery, Pan-STARRS is solidly in the realm of Big Data astronomy. The full data-processing system consists of several subsystems covering the wide range of necessary capabilities. This article describes the Image Processing Pipeline and its connections to both the summit data systems and the outward-facing systems downstream. The latter include the Moving Object Processing System (MOPS) and the public database: the Published Science Products Subsystem.
Pan-STARRS Photometric and Astrometric Calibration
Authors: Magnier Eugene. A. , Schlafly Edward. F. , Finkbeiner Douglas P. , Tonry J. L. , Goldman B. , Röser S. , Schilbach E. , Casertano S. , Chambers K. C. , Flewelling H. A. , Huber M. E. , Price P. A. , Sweeney W. E. , Waters C. Z. , Denneau L. , Draper P. W. , Hodapp K. W. , Jedicke R. , Kaiser N. , Kudritzki R.-P. , Metcalfe N. , Stubbs C. W. , Wainscoat R. J.
Published: October 2020

We present the details of the photometric and astrometric calibration of the Pan-STARRS1 3π Survey. The photometric goals were to reduce the systematic effects introduced by the camera and detectors, and to place all of the observations onto a photometric system with consistent zero-points over the entire area surveyed, the ≈30,000 deg2north ofδ = −30°. Using external comparisons, we demonstrate that the resulting photometric system is consistent across the sky to between 7 and 12.4 mmag depending on the filter. For bright stars, the systematic error floor for individual measurements is (σg,σr,σi,σz,σy) = (14, 14, 15, 15, 18) mmag. The astrometric calibration compensates for similar systematic effects so that positions, proper motions, and parallaxes are reliable as well. The bright-star systematic error floor for individual astrometric measurements is 16 mas. The Pan-STARRS Data Release 2 (DR2) astrometric system is tied to the Gaia DR1 coordinate frame with a systematic uncertainty of ∼5 mas.
Pan-STARRS Pixel Processing: Detrending, Warping, Stacking
Authors: Waters C. Z. , Magnier E. A. , Price P. A. , Chambers K. C. , Burgett W. S. , Draper P. W. , Flewelling H. A. , Hodapp K. W. , Huber M. E. , Jedicke R. , Kaiser N. , Kudritzki R.-P. , Lupton R. H. , Metcalfe N. , Rest A. , Sweeney W. E. , Tonry J. L. , Wainscoat R. J. , Wood-Vasey W. M.
Published: October 2020

The Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) Science Consortium has carried out a set of imaging surveys using the 1.4 gigapixel GPC1 camera on the PS1 telescope. As this camera is composed of many individual electronic readouts and covers a very large field of view, great care was taken to ensure that the many instrumental effects were corrected to produce the most uniform detector response possible. We present the image-detrending steps used as part of the processing of the data contained within the public release of Pan-STARRS1 Data Release 1 (DR1). In addition to the single image processing, the methods used to transform the 375,573 individual exposures into a common sky-oriented grid are discussed, as well as those used to produce both the image stack and difference combination products.
New and little-known bees of the genus Sphecodes Latreille, 1804 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae) from Southern and South-Western China
Authors: Astafurova Yulia V. , Proshchalykin Maxim Yu. , Niu Ze-Qing , Orr Michael C. , Zhu Chao-Dong
Published: October 2020

Continuing prior studies on ChineseSphecodes, we here report further records of twelve rarely collected and little known species from mountainous regions of Southern and South-Western China (Xizang, Sichuan, Yunnan). Forty two species are currently known from China, yet until now only two species were known from Southern and South-Western China. We report six entirely new records for China, includingSphecodes discoverlifeiAstafurova & Proshchalykin, 2020,S. fumipennisSmith, 1853,S. montanusSmith, 1879,S. nipponicusYasumatsu & Hirashima, 1951,S. simlaensisBlüthgen, 1924, andS. turneriCockerell, 1916, and another four are new regional records. Two are new species that we describe and illustrate:Sphecodes holgeriAstafurova & Proshchalykin,sp. nov.(Yunnan), andS. tibeticusAstafurova & Niu,sp. nov.(Xizang). The male ofSphecodes sikkimensisBlüthgen, 1927 is described for the first time.
Revision of the fossil species of Thaumatodryinus Perkins from Dominican amber, with a new combination and description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae)
Authors: Martins André L. , Melo Gabriel A. R.
Published: October 2020

The fossil species of Thaumatodryinus from Dominican amber are studied, and the first revision is presented with a key to the known taxa. We recognize three species, T. miocenicus Olmi, 1995, T. priscus (Olmi, 1998), comb. nov. and T. fuscescenssp. nov. The current classification of the genus and relationships between fossil and living species are discussed. Comments on the host records for Thaumatodryinus are presented.
Cortinarius pakistanicus and C. pseudotorvus: two new species in oak forests in the Pakistan Himalayas
Authors: Naseer Arooj , Garrido-Benavent Isaac , Khan Junaid , Ballarà Josep , Mahiques Rafael , Khalid Abdul Nasir , Sher Hassan
Published: October 2020

The genus of basidiomycetous fungiCortinarius occurs worldwide, from subtropical to boreal latitudes. Although molecular systematics has triggered the study of these fungi in the Americas and Europe in the last two decades, there is still limited research on its diversity in large portions of the planet, such as the high mountain ranges of Asia. Several collections of Cortinarius were made during mycological field trips conducted between 2014 and 2018 in pure oak forests in the Pakistan Himalayas. An integrative framework combining morphological and phylogenetic data was employed for their study. As a result, the two species C. pakistanicus and C. pseudotorvus are here described as new to science. Detailed macro- and micro-morphological descriptions, including SEM images of spores, and a molecular phylogenetic reconstruction based on nrITS sequence data are provided and used to discriminate the new species from morphologically and phylogenetically close taxa. Whereas our phylogenetic tree inference gave unequivocal support for the inclusion of C. pseudotorvus within C. sect. Telamonia, the assignment of C. pakistanicus to any known sections remained elusive. These species likely establish ectomycorrhizal associations with trees in the genus Quercus, making this type of forest in the Pakistan Himalayas a promising focus for future research on the diversity of Cortinarius.
Corrigendum: Spjut R, Simon A, Guissard M, Magain N, Sérusiaux E (2020) The fruticose genera in the Ramalinaceae (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes): their diversity and evolutionary history. MycoKeys 73: 1–68. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.73.47287
Authors: Spjut Richard , Simon Antoine , Guissard Martin , Magain Nicolas , Sérusiaux Emmanuël
Published: October 2020

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Le confinement des femmes dans l’espace
Authors: Miramond Estelle
Published: October 2020

S’appuyant sur la thèse de Colette Guillaumin selon laquelle le confinement dans l’espace est l’un des principaux moyens de l’appropriation de la classe des femmes par la classe des hommes, cet article montre comment les politiques internationales de prévention et de prise en charge des victimes de traite ont contribué au déploiement de logiques d’appropriation et d’immobilisation des femmes. Prenant pour terrain d’étude les programmes anti-traite développés entre le Laos et la Thaïlande, trois niveaux de confinement des femmes dans l’espace sont identifiés : la dissuasion et l’interdiction faites aux jeunes filles et femmes pauvres et non accompagnées de franchir des frontières internationales, l’immobilisation de celles identifiées comme victimes de traite dans des centres de réhabilitation, enfin l’incorporation de la clôture et du travail dévalorisé à travers les enseignements et règles diffusées dans ces espaces.
Narrative der Männlichkeit(en) in Lutz Seilers Roman Kruso
Authors: Brosche Georg
Published: October 2020

Les itinéraires biographiques masculins occupent une place particulière dans le roman Kruso de Lutz Seiler. Il est frappant que les personnages fondent et orientent leur identité sur certains récits. Les relations entre les personnages sont le lieu de conflits où entrent en concurrence des constructions genrées. Les intertextes narratifs ne permettent pas seulement la formation de la virilité mais sont aussi utilisés comme instruments pour placer sa propre identité masculine au-dessus de celle des autres. C’est ainsi sous forme de récits que les masculinités sont conservées et transmises, ce qui influe sur les positions, les perceptions et les actions.
Les élèves allophones peu scolarisés antérieurement dans l’ombre du monstre scolaire
Authors: Mendonça Dias Catherine
Published: October 2020

Des adolescents migrants, non ou peu scolarisés antérieurement (NSA), sont inscrits dans une Unité Pédagogique pour Élèves Allophones Arrivants (UPE2A) dite NSA. Dans quelle mesure cette organisation scolaire, dont la mise en œuvre mobilise des équipes éducatives, prépare-t-elle à une inclusion différée dont la réalisation risque d’être promise à l’échec ? En 2015- 2016, 56 élèves dits NSA, scolarisés à travers 6 UPE2A NSA, ont participé à des exercices numériques de français et de mathématiques, dans le cadre de la recherche Evascol, portée par l’INSHEA et financée par la mission Recherches du Défenseur Des Droits. Les résultats permettent de décrire des écarts de compétences de ces jeunes, au fil de l’année scolaire tandis que l’analyse du contexte d’enseignement révèle l’isolement de leur enseignant et les dilemmes institutionnels entre gestion des besoins particuliers et nécessité d’inclusion.
Des corpus vidéo pour (re)construire l’intention de la parole multimodale de l’enseignant
Authors: Azaoui Brahim
Published: October 2020

Cette contribution propose une analyse croisée de commentaires métalangagiers évaluatifs émis par une enseignante filmée dans ses cours de français langue première et seconde. Visionnés par le chercheur, ils sont d’abord pris comme objets d’étude pour en comprendre la réalisation multimodale. Visionnés par les élèves destinataires de ces commentaires, ils sont l’objet de métadiscours dont l’analyse offre l’occasion d’observer dans quelle mesure les apprenants s’appuient sur divers paramètres pour comprendre l’intention de l’acte évaluatif en contexte. Cela nous invite à réfléchir à la dimension réflexive concernant le discours pédagogique et l’emploi d’un français de scolarisation que l’utilisation de corpus de classe permet de développer chez les apprenants.
Sujet toxique ou d’actualité ? La diglossie aujourd’hui
Authors: Jaspers Jürgen , Elmiger Daniel , Matthey Marinette
Published: October 2020

L’auteur commence par souligner qu’une partie de la sociolinguistique contemporaine cherche à instaurer une rupture avec les étapes antérieures de la recherche dans le champ, et il justifie cette démarcation par la nécessité d’un changement de paradigme pour penser les liens entre langue et société dans le monde actuel. Cette rupture implique d’inventer de nouveaux termes pour signifier ce changement, mais l’entreprise comporte des risques. Il en vient ensuite à la critique de la notion de diglossie en relevant qu’elle fait abstraction des locuteurs, qu’elle est aveugle aux processus de domination, et qu’elle repose sur une conception mécanique des rapports entre langue et société. Enfin, il expose le choix devant lequel se trouvent les sociolinguistes d’aujourd’hui : remplacer définitivement la notion de diglossie par d’autres concepts moins mécaniques ( enregistrement , style ) ou revoir profondément la manière de théoriser la diglossie en la considérant comme une idéologie langagière.
Les rythmes dans le slam
Authors: Simon Anne-Catherine
Published: October 2020

Le rythme est un élément essentiel dans le slam, forme de poésie oralisée produite à l’occasion de performances publiques. Dans cette contribution, nous catégorisons les phonostyles, ou styles vocaux, présents dans un corpus de douze slams en français. Sur la base de caractéristiques verbales et prosodiques, nous identifions quatre styles distincts : parlé, poétique, accentué et scandé. Chaque style résulte d’une combinaison entre des éléments verbaux (rimes, allitérations, versification) et des éléments prosodiques (débit, tempo, scansions, silences) et chaque slam se caractérise par un phonostyle majoritaire. Nous analysons également les effets de sens produits par ces phonostyles.
Vous avez dit FALC ? Pour une adaptation linguistique des textes destinés aux migrants nouvellement arrivés
Authors: Canut Emmanuelle , Delahaie Juliette , Husianycia Magali
Published: October 2020

Cet article interroge les principes de simplification recommandés par le FALC (« Facile à Lire et à Comprendre »), qui font partie des ressources utilisées par les acteurs socio-éducatifs pour la rédaction de textes informatifs à destination des migrants nouvellement arrivés et peu ou pas francophones. À partir de l’étude de documents écrits « simplifiés » destinés à des mineurs étrangers isolés (MNA), nous mettons en évidence la persistance de difficultés linguistiques qui peuvent entraver la compréhension et qui sont liées à une multiplicité d’interprétations des critères d’écriture (très généralistes) du FALC. Pour y remédier, nous proposons de réfléchir à des critères plus spécifiques qui s’appuient notamment sur les travaux de la linguistique de corpus et du français parlé, afin de dégager des schémas lin-guistiques les plus proches des zone(s) de compréhension du public allophone.
Roman, Histoire, Politique. Franco Moretti et le roman européen au XIX e siècle
Authors: Lavocat Françoise
Published: October 2020

À l’occasion de parution, fin 2019, de la traduction française d’un ouvrage de 1986 ( Le Roman de Formation ), et en revenant sur un autre livre du même auteur, en 2013, encore non traduit en français ( The Bourgeois ), l’auteure de cet article se propose d’explorer la pensée de Franco Moretti sur le roman, et plus particulièrement le roman européen du XX e siècle. Elle analyse sa perspective comparatiste et son cadre théorique qui emprunte au marxisme et au structuralisme. Elle met en valeur les ambivalences de Franco Moretti à l’égard du roman, défini comme la forme du compromis, et à l’égard de la bourgeoisie et du capitalisme, dont l’évolution détermine (selon des voies plus ou moins complexes) celle du roman. À l’opposé de la méthode recommandée dans d’autres ouvrages à propos de la lecture distante, Moretti pratique dans ces deux livres, en particulier The Bourgeois , la lecture de près, et s’attache au style, à la forme. Il défend l’autonomie de l’art, antagoniste par rapport à une conception de celui-ci fondée sur la morale. Il trace ainsi une voie originale, qui en appelle à des modèles scientifiques, notamment l’évolutionnisme darwinien, à contre-courant de bien des courants actuels plus intéressés aux effets sur le lecteur ou la lectrice que par les œuvres elles-mêmes.
PROBABILISTIC ASSESSMENT FOR CLAVICLE FRACTURE UNDER COMPRESSION LOADING: RATE-DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR
Authors: Sánchez-Molina David , García-Vilana Silvia , Velázquez-Ameijide Juan , Arregui-Dalmases C.
Published: October 2020

Pedestrians, motorcyclists, and occupants of vehicle involved in side impacts can suffer lateral impacts at the shoulder with sufficiently high forces to fracture the clavicle. While some previous studies have developed a force tolerance for the clavicle, this study examines the clavicle under compression forces, both under dynamic and quasi-static loading conditions and then the experimental fracture patterns are compared with those identified in actual road traffic crashes. The quasi-static and dynamic tests were conducted in 24 clavicles from 14 donors aged 14–56 (11 males and 3 females, mean age [Formula: see text]). Clavicles were tested under compression forces until complete fracture. Probability of fracture is around 50% for 2335[Formula: see text]N in the quasi-static case (low strain rate) and 3045[Formula: see text]N in the dynamic case (high strain rate). In addition, risk curves for fracture have been computed from the sample. The experiments showed large differences in the peak force both in quasi-static ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]N) and dynamic ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]N) tests, but the displacement at the peak force was very similar ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm in quasi-static and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm in dynamic tests). Thus, a stiffer behavior of the specimens was observed for the dynamic tests. The Probability Density Function for dynamic and quasi-static cases differ significantly ([Formula: see text]-value [Formula: see text]). The fracture patterns were consistent with principles of structural mechanics, predicting that the fracture will occur at points near to the highest bending moment point, and with the fractures observed in real road crashes.
Remediation and Assistive Technologies for Communication Deficits in Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Beals Katharine P.
Published: October 2020

This chapter surveys and critiques the existing and emerging remediation technologies and assistive technologies targeted at verbal communication deficits in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Focusing on deficits in grammar/syntax and pragmatics (language use), the chapter examines remediation technologies that teach sentence-level comprehension, sentence-level production, and productive pragmatics. It then examines assistive technologies for sentence-level production and productive pragmatics. Throughout, it explores pedagogical strategies, questions of efficacy, and what to look out for in selecting technologies. It concludes with a discussion of the importance of ensuring that the goals of assistive technologies complement rather than undermine the goals of remediation technologies.
Blockchain Technology and New Business Models for Banks in the Financial Services Industry
Authors: Sabourin Vincent , Aka-Brou Mike Cyrille
Published: October 2020

In recent years, the financial technology of blockchain has become a disruptive innovation that is transforming the management of banks. If blockchain represents an opportunity for financial services, it also represents a severe threat of financial disintermediation. What are the business models available to banks when deploying a business model to integrate the blockchain technology? In this chapter, the authors surveyed the strategic intent of 45 international banks for blockchain technology and analyzed the different business models that might facilitate a management transformation for the banking industry. They developed a taxonomy of five different business models. They were labeled as the following: the coordinators, the integrators, the solution providers, the disrupters, and the explorers.