bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Higher intakes of fiber, total vegetables, and fruits may attenuate the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: findings from a large prospective cohort study
Authors: Ghorbani Zeinab , Noormohammadi Morvarid , Kazemi Asma , Poustchi Hossein , Pourshams Akram , Martami Fahimeh , Hashemian Maryam , Malekzadeh Reza , Hekmatdoost Azita
Published: November 2023

Background

Although studies have reported an inverse association between fruits, vegetables, and fiber consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality, the issue remains incompletely defined in the Middle Eastern population.

Aims

The current study aimed to investigate the association between dietary fiber, fruit, and vegetable intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Methods

A total of 48632 participants (mean age = 52years), 57.5% (n = 27974) women and 42.5% (n = 20658) men, were recruited from an ongoing large-scale prospective cohort study (the Golestan Cohort Study (GCS)), in the north of Iran. Using a validated semi-quantitative 116-item food questionnaire, dietary intakes were collected. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) of all-cause and cause-specific mortality were reported.

Results

After approximately 14 years of follow-up, 10,774 deaths were recorded. In the fully adjusted model, compared to those in the lowest quintile of intake, those in the second and third quintiles of dietary fiber intake had a 7%-10% reduction in risk of all-cause mortality, and a 15%-17% reduction in the risk of mortality from other causes. Increasing consumption of fruits was also associated with a decreased risk of mortality for all-cause mortality by 9%-11%, and all cancer by 15–20%. Further, those in the third and fourth quintiles of vegetables intake had 11%-12% lower risk for CVD mortality.

Discussion

The results from the GCS further support the current recommendations on following a healthy diet containing proper amounts of fiber, vegetables, and fruits, as health-protective dietary items.

Conclusions

Higher intake of dietary fiber, fruits, and vegetables has the potential to reduce both overall and cause-specific mortality rates. However, additional cohort studies with larger sample size and long-term follow-up durations are required to establish these findings.
COVID-19 inpatient mortality in Brazil from 2020 to 2022: a cross-sectional overview study based on secondary data
Authors: Portela Margareth Crisóstomo , Martins Mônica , Lima Sheyla Maria Lemos , de Andrade Carla Lourenço Tavares , de Aguiar Pereira Claudia Cristina
Published: November 2023

Background

In Brazil, the COVID-19 pandemic found the universal and public Unified Health System (SUS) with problems accumulated over time, due, among other reasons, to low investments, and disparities in resource distribution. The preparedness and response of the healthcare system, involving the SUS and a private sector, was affected by large socioeconomic and healthcare access inequities. This work was aimed at offering an overview of COVID-19 inpatient mortality during the pandemic in Brazil, exploring factors associated with its variations and, specifically, differences across public, private (for-profit) and philanthropic (private non-profit) inpatient healthcare units, providers, and non-providers of services to the SUS.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used public secondary data. The main data source was the SIVEP-Gripe, which comprises data on severe acute respiratory illness records prospectively collected. We also employed the National Record of Health Establishments, the SUS’ Hospitalization Information System and municipalities' data from IBGE. We considered adult COVID-19 hospitalizations registered in SIVEP-Gripe from February 2020 to December 2022 in inpatient healthcare units with a minimum of 100 cases in the period. Data analyses explored the occurrence of inpatient mortality, employing general linear mixed models to identify the effects of patients', health care processes', healthcare units' and municipalities' characteristics on it.

Results

About 70% of the COVID-19 hospitalizations in Brazil were covered by the SUS, which attended the more vulnerable population groups and had worse inpatient mortality. In general, non-SUS private and philanthropic hospitals, mostly reimbursed by healthcare insurance plans accessible for more privileged socioeconomic classes, presented the best outcomes. Southern Brazil had the best performance among the macro-regions. Black and indigenous individuals, residents of lower HDI municipalities, and those hospitalized out of their residence city presented higher odds of inpatient mortality. Moreover, adjusted inpatient mortality rates were higher in the pandemic peak moments and were significantly reduced after COVID-19 vaccination reaching a reasonable coverage, from July 2021.

Conclusions

COVID-19 exposed socioeconomic and healthcare inequalities and the importance and weaknesses of SUS in Brazil. This work indicates the need to revert the disinvestment in the universal public system, a fundamental policy for reduction of inequities in the country.
Fe-doped carbon dots: a novel biocompatible nanoplatform for multi-level cancer therapy
Authors: Yang Mingxi , Li Haiqiu , Liu Xinchen , Huang Lei , Zhang Boya , Liu Kexuan , Xie Wangni , Cui Jing , Li Daowei , Lu Laijin , Sun Hongchen , Yang Bai
Published: November 2023

Background

Tumor treatment still remains a clinical challenge, requiring the development of biocompatible and efficient anti-tumor nanodrugs. Carbon dots (CDs) has become promising nanomedicines for cancer therapy due to its low cytotoxicity and easy customization.

Results

Herein, we introduced a novel type of “green” nanodrug for multi-level cancer therapy utilizing Fe-doped carbon dots (Fe-CDs) derived from iron nutrient supplement. With no requirement for target moieties or external stimuli, the sole intravenous administration of Fe-CDs demonstrated unexpected anti-tumor activity, completely suppressing tumor growth in mice. Continuous administration of Fe-CDs for several weeks showed no toxic effects in vivo, highlighting its exceptional biocompatibility. The as-synthesized Fe-CDs could selectively induce tumor cells apoptosis by BAX/Caspase 9/Caspase 3/PARP signal pathways and activate antitumoral macrophages by inhibiting the IL-10/Arg-1 axis, contributing to its significant tumor immunotherapy effect. Additionally, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process was inhibited under the treatment of Fe-CDs by MAPK/Snail pathways, indicating the capacity of Fe-CDs to inhibit tumor recurrence and metastasis.

Conclusions

A three-level tumor treatment strategy from direct killing to activating immunity to inhibiting metastasis was achieved based on “green” Fe-CDs. Our findings reveal the broad clinical potential of Fe-CDs as a novel candidate for anti-tumor nanodrugs and nanoplatform.
Pericytes are protective in experimental pneumococcal meningitis through regulating leukocyte infiltration and blood–brain barrier function
Authors: Teske Nina C. , Dyckhoff-Shen Susanne , Beckenbauer Paul , Bewersdorf Jan Philipp , Engelen-Lee Joo-Yeon , Hammerschmidt Sven , Kälin Roland E. , Pfister Hans-Walter , Brouwer Matthijs C. , Klein Matthias , Glass Rainer , van de Beek Diederik , Koedel Uwe
Published: November 2023

Background

Brain pericytes participate in the regulation of cerebral blood flow and the maintenance of blood–brain barrier integrity. Because of their perivascular localization, their receptor repertoire, and their potential ability to respond to inflammatory and infectious stimuli by producing various cytokines and chemokines, these cells are also thought to play an active role in the immune response to brain infections. This assumption is mainly supported by in vitro studies, investigations in in vivo disease models are largely missing. Here, we analysed the role of brain pericytes in pneumococcal meningitis, in vitro and in vivo in two animal models of pneumococcal meningitis.

Methods

Primary murine and human pericytes were stimulated with increasing concentrations of different serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the presence or absence of Toll-like receptor inhibitors and their cell viability and cytokine production were monitored. To gain insight into the role of pericytes in brain infection in vivo, we performed studies in a zebrafish embryo model of pneumococcal meningitis in which pericytes were pharmacologically depleted. Furthermore, we analyzed the impact of genetically induced pericyte ablation on disease progression, intracranial complications, and brain inflammation in an adult mouse model of this disease.

Results

Both murine and human pericytes reacted to pneumococcal exposure with the release of selected cytokines. This cytokine release is pneumolysin-dependent, TLR-dependent in murine (but not human) pericytes and can be significantly increased by macrophage-derived IL-1b. Pharmacological depletion of pericytes in zebrafish embryos resulted in increased cerebral edema and mortality due to pneumococcal meningitis. Correspondingly, in an adult mouse meningitis model, a more pronounced blood–brain barrier disruption and leukocyte infiltration, resulting in an unfavorable disease course, was observed following genetic pericyte ablation. The degree of leukocyte infiltration positively correlated with an upregulation of chemokine expression in the brains of pericyte-depleted mice.

Conclusions

Our findings show that pericytes play a protective role in pneumococcal meningitis by impeding leukocyte migration and preventing blood–brain barrier breaching. Thus, preserving the integrity of the pericyte population has the potential as a new therapeutic strategy in pneumococcal meningitis.
Ly6C-high monocytes alleviate brain injury in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice
Authors: Chen Huaijun , Xu Chaoran , Zeng Hanhai , Zhang Zhihua , Wang Ning , Guo Yinghan , Zheng Yonghe , Xia Siqi , Zhou Hang , Yu Xiaobo , Fu Xiongjie , Tang Tianchi , Wu Xinyan , Chen Zihang , Peng Yucong , Cai Jing , Li Jianru , Yan Feng , Gu Chi , Chen Gao , Chen Jingyin
Published: November 2023

Background

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an uncommon type of potentially fatal stroke. The pathophysiological mechanisms of brain injury remain unclear, which hinders the development of drugs for SAH. We aimed to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of SAH and to elucidate the cellular and molecular biological response to SAH-induced injury.

Methods

A cross-species (human and mouse) multiomics approach combining high-throughput data and bioinformatic analysis was used to explore the key pathophysiological processes and cells involved in SAH-induced brain injury. Patient data were collected from the hospital (n = 712). SAH was established in adult male mice via endovascular perforation, and flow cytometry, a bone marrow chimera model, qPCR, and microglial depletion experiments were conducted to explore the origin and chemotaxis mechanism of the immune cells. To investigate cell effects on SAH prognosis, murine neurological function was evaluated based on a modified Garcia score, pole test, and rotarod test.

Results

The bioinformatics analysis confirmed that inflammatory and immune responses were the key pathophysiological processes after SAH. Significant increases in the monocyte levels were observed in both the mouse brains and the peripheral blood of patients after SAH. Ly6C-high monocytes originated in the bone marrow, and the skull bone marrow contribute a higher proportion of these monocytes than neutrophils. The mRNA level of Ccl2 was significantly upregulated after SAH and was greater in CD11b-positive than CD11b-negative cells. Microglial depletion, microglial inhibition, and CCL2 blockade reduced the numbers of Ly6C-high monocytes after SAH. With CCR2 antagonization, the neurological function of the mice exhibited a slow recovery. Three days post-SAH, the monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) population had a higher proportion of TNF-α-positive cells and a lower proportion of IL-10-positive cells than the macrophage population. The ratio of moDCs to macrophages was higher on day 3 than on day 5 post-SAH.

Conclusions

Inflammatory and immune responses are significantly involved in SAH-induced brain injury. Ly6C-high monocytes derived from the bone marrow, including the skull bone marrow, infiltrated into mouse brains via CCL2 secreted from microglia. Moreover, Ly6C-high monocytes alleviated neurological dysfunction after SAH.
Safety and efficacy of a modified WALANT technique using undiluted adrenaline during open surgical carpal tunnel release: a prospective report of 308 procedures
Authors: Kotb Mohamed Mostafa , Omar Usama Farghaly , Khalifa Ahmed A.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The current study aimed to report on the safety and efficacy of utilizing a modified WALANT (mWALANT) technique during open surgical carpal tunnel release (CTR), where we used undiluted epinephrine compared to the originally described WALANT technique.

Methods

From January 2015 till the end of June 2021, 200 patients (175 (87.5%) were females) who presented with carpal tunnel syndrome, either bilateral (108 (54%) patients) or unilateral (92 (46%)) were included, formulating a total of 308 procedures. Open surgical CTR was performed as a daycare procedure by the same surgeon. The mWALANT injectable mixture was prepared by mixing 8 CC of 2% lidocaine HCl + 1 CC of 0.25 mg/1 ml epinephrine without dilution (2.5 times the concentration used in the original WALANT technique). The injection was performed before draping.

Results

The patients’ average age at surgery was 42.88 ± 13.03 years old; they were followed up for an average of 31 ± 17.17 months. The average operative time was 9.5 ± 1.87 min. None (0.0%) of the patients needed top-up of local anesthesia or shift into general anesthesia, and no (0.0%) patients needed postoperative hospital stay. The average VAS during the surgical procedure was 2.5 ± 2.1, mainly reported during infiltration of the local anesthesia; no patients reported discomfort during the surgical procedure itself. 180 (90%) patients reported a full return to their usual preoperative ADL after an average of 4.7 ± 1.2 weeks. No (0.0%) postoperative fingers ischemic or temperature changes. Two (1%) patients experienced an adrenaline rush in the form of tachycardia that needed sedation and close monitoring by the anesthesiologist; they were discharged on the same day. One (0.5%) patient (who had uncontrolled diabetes mellitus) showed a superficial wound infection which resolved after conservative management.

Conclusions

Using undiluted epinephrine during the mWALANT technique is safe and effective. There is no need to wait until the drugs fully function, and no epinephrine-related complications were encountered apart from occasional adrenaline rush symptoms.
Most patients with an increased risk for sepsis-related morbidity or death do not recognize sepsis as a medical emergency: results of a survey study using case vignettes
Authors: Born Sebastian , Fleischmann-Struzek Carolin , Abels Wiltrud , Piedmont Silke , Neugebauer Edmund , Reinhart Konrad , Toubekis Evjenia , Wegwarth Odette , Schwarzkopf Daniel
Published: November 2023

Background

Sepsis is a medical emergency with potentially life-threatening consequences. Patients play a crucial role in preventing and recognizing sepsis at an early stage. The understanding of risk groups’ sepsis knowledge and their ability to use this knowledge to recognize sepsis as an emergency is incomplete.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey in Germany and included a sample of 740 persons stratified by age (< 60 years,  ≥ 60 years), specific chronic diseases (e.g. diabetes, chronic diseases, cancer), and region (Berlin/Brandenburg vs. other federal states of Germany). Standardized questionnaires were administered by a market research institute through online, telephone, or face-to-face methods. We assessed sepsis knowledge through a series of questions and the ability to recognize sepsis as an emergency through five case vignettes. To identify predictors of sepsis knowledge and the ability to recognize sepsis as a medical emergency, we conducted multiple linear regressions.

Results

Of the 36 items on sepsis knowledge, participants answered less than 50 per cent correctly (mean 44.1%; standard deviation (SD) 20.1). Most patients knew that sepsis is a defensive host response to infection (75.9%), but only 30.8% knew that vaccination can prevent infections that lead to sepsis. Across the five vignettes, participants identified sepsis as an emergency in only 1.33 of all cases on average (SD = 1.27). Sepsis knowledge was higher among participants who were older, female, and more highly educated and who reported more extensive health information seeking behaviour. The ability to recognize sepsis as an emergency was higher among younger participants, participants without chronic diseases, and participants with higher health literacy, but it was not significantly associated with sepsis knowledge.

Conclusions

Risk groups showed low levels of knowledge regarding the preventive importance of vaccination and a low ability to recognize sepsis as a medical emergency. Higher levels of sepsis knowledge alone were not sufficient to improve the ability to identify sepsis as a medical emergency. It is crucial to develop effective educational strategies—especially for persons with lower education levels and infrequent health information seeking behaviour—that not only transfer but also facilitate the choice of appropriate actions, such as seeking timely emergency care.

Trial registration: DRKS00024561. Registered 9 March 2021.
Head and neck INI1-deficient carcinoma without primary: a case report
Authors: Dubray-Vautrin Antoine , Ghanem Wahib , Bozec Laurence , Gonin Julie , Choussy Olivier
Published: November 2023

Background

SMARCB1, also known as INI1, is a member of a large protein complex involved in chromatin remodeling and thus the regulation of gene expression. It is located on chromosome 22q11.2. SMARCB1 tumors have been found in various locations, including the sinonasal region, gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system (in atypical teratoid and rhabdoid tumors), and perirenal region (in malignant rhabdoid tumors) in both adults and children.

Case presentation

We describe here the first case in the literature of an INI1-deficient neck carcinoma without a primary tumor managed with surgical therapy and neck dissection in a young Caucasian woman of 29 years old, followed by chemotherapy before radiotherapy, with regional control after 18 months of follow-up. Histologic analysis showed an undifferentiated carcinoma without glandular or epidermoid differentiation. Biomolecular analysis of the tumor revealed a homozygous deletion of the SMARCB1 gene on RNA sequencing.

Conclusion

Research of INI1 deletion should be performed for undifferentiated carcinoma of young patients because of possibilities of molecular therapies such as autophagy inhibitors or proteasome inhibitors could be used in clinical trials.
Extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy biomarkers and their application in precision immuno-oncology
Authors: Asleh Karama , Dery Valerie , Taylor Catherine , Davey Michelle , Djeungoue-Petga Marie-Ange , Ouellette Rodney J.
Published: November 2023

While the field of precision oncology is rapidly expanding and more targeted options are revolutionizing cancer treatment paradigms, therapeutic resistance particularly to immunotherapy remains a pressing challenge. This can be largely attributed to the dynamic tumor-stroma interactions that continuously alter the microenvironment. While to date most advancements have been made through examining the clinical utility of tissue-based biomarkers, their invasive nature and lack of a holistic representation of the evolving disease in a real-time manner could result in suboptimal treatment decisions. Thus, using minimally-invasive approaches to identify biomarkers that predict and monitor treatment response as well as alert to the emergence of recurrences is of a critical need. Currently, research efforts are shifting towards developing liquid biopsy-based biomarkers obtained from patients over the course of disease. Liquid biopsy represents a unique opportunity to monitor intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment which could occur through the exchange of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are lipid bilayer membrane nanoscale vesicles which transfer a plethora of biomolecules that mediate intercellular crosstalk, shape the tumor microenvironment, and modify drug response. The capture of EVs using innovative approaches, such as microfluidics, magnetic beads, and aptamers, allow their analysis via high throughput multi-omics techniques and facilitate their use for biomarker discovery. Artificial intelligence, using machine and deep learning algorithms, is advancing multi-omics analyses to uncover candidate biomarkers and predictive signatures that are key for translation into clinical trials. With the increasing recognition of the role of EVs in mediating immune evasion and as a valuable biomarker source, these real-time snapshots of cellular communication are promising to become an important tool in the field of precision oncology and spur the recognition of strategies to block resistance to immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of EVs in biomarker research describing current advances in their isolation and analysis techniques as well as their function as mediators in the tumor microenvironment. We also highlight recent lung cancer and melanoma studies that point towards their application as predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy and their potential clinical use in precision immuno-oncology.
The Rising Importance of Stock-Linked Assets in the Black–White Wealth Gap
Authors: Lin Ken-Hou , Dominguez Guillermo
Published: November 2023

Studies have examined the racial disparities in household characteristics, homeownership, and familial transfer as primary drivers of the Black–White wealth gap in the United States. This study assesses the importance of stock-linked assets in generating wealth inequality. As financial assets become a growing component of household portfolios, the Black–White wealth gap is increasingly associated with the racial disparity in stock-linked assets. Using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this study shows that the contribution of stock-linked assets to the Black–White wealth gap has expanded in both absolute and relative terms, surpassing those of homeownership and business equity. Furthermore, a substantial disparity in financial wealth exists even for otherwise similar Black and White households. Although the disparity is larger among those with more economic resources, a gap remains among those with less. Lastly, our analysis shows that the combination of lower ownership levels and lower returns on financial wealth among Black households could account for a quarter of the Black–White wealth accumulation gap, net of differences in current net worth and household characteristics. Our findings suggest that considering financial assets is critical for understanding contemporary racial wealth inequality.
MAPA DA LITERATURA SOBRE VALUATION
Authors: Oliveira Brian Mendes , Nazareth Luiz Gustavo Camarano , Maia Saulo Cardoso , Almeida Mário Sérgio de
Published: November 2023

Valuation é uma técnica amplamente utilizada por profissionais com o propósito de reduzir a subjetividade nas suas tomadas de decisões. Devido à significativa ascensão acadêmica do tema, tornou-se de fundamental importância a realização de uma análise bibliométrica para compreender, de forma abrangente, a evolução da pesquisa científica envolvendo o tema nos últimos oito anos e identificar os pontos mais importantes a serem estudados e desenvolvidos. Extraíram-se as informações da base de dados Scopus. Analisou-se por meio dos softwares, VOS Viewer, R Studio com o package Bibliometrix e a sua extensão Biblioshiny. A pesquisa teve como objetivo apresentar uma visão geral da evolução e do estado da arte do conhecimento, evidenciando as fontes mais relevantes, realizar uma análise de autoria e coautoria, atendendo às premissas da Lei de Lotka, além de evidenciar o h-index do impacto dos autores, a produtividade científica dos países e a estrutura social das publicações por meio do mapa da produtividade e colaboração científica dos países, word cloud e análise fatorial. Os resultados permitem concluir, por meio de uma análise de coautoria, que existem doze núcleos de estudos distintos sobre valuation. Demonstrou-se quais artigos e termos têm, atualmente, maior grau de relevância, sobre os quais, sugere-se a análise de conteúdo em trabalhos futuros.
Διερεύνηση του ρόλου της οπίσθιας αποκόλλησης του υαλοειδούς στη μετάπτωση της μη εξιδρωματικής ηλικιακής εκφύλισης της ωχράς κηλίδας σε εξιδρωματική
Authors: Μπακαλιού Αναστασία
Published: November 2023

Αντικείμενο της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η εξέταση της κατάστασης στην οποία βρίσκεται το οπίσθιο υαλοειδές σε οφθαλμούς με εξιδρωματική ΗΕΩ, σε οφθαλμούς με μη εξιδρωματική ΗΕΩ και σε φυσιολογικούς οφθαλμούς προκειμένου να διερευνηθεί εάν υφίσταται προστατευτικός ρόλος της πλήρους οπίσθιας αποκόλλησης του υαλοειδούς (PVD) στη μετάπτωση της μη εξιδρωματικής σε εξιδρωματική ΗΕΩ. Η παραμονή προσκολλημένου του οπίσθιου υαλοειδούς πιθανολογείται ότι παίζει σημαντικό ρόλο στην παθογένεια των διαφόρων τύπων ΗΕΩ παράλληλα με τους γνωστούς μηχανισμούς. Είναι πιθανό ότι η διαδικασία της νόσου έχει ήδη ξεκινήσει και ενώ η παραμονή προσκολλημένου του οπίσθιου υαλοειδούς δεν προκαλεί τη νόσο, δημιουργεί τις προυποθέσεις για την επιδείνωσή της και τη μετάπτωσή της σε υγρού τύπου ΗΕΩ. Β υπερηχογραφία και οπτική τομογραφία συνοχής διενεργήθηκαν σε 165 ασθενείς άνω των 65 ετών με ηλικιακή εκφύλιση ωχράς κηλίδας (ΗΕΩ) και σε 22 ασθενείς άνω των 65 ετών με οφθαλμούς χωρίς ΗΕΩ προκειμένου να καταγραφούν οι οφθαλμοί με πλήρη αποκόλληση του οπίσθιου υαλοειδούς (PVD) και οι οφθαλμοί με κεντρική υαλοειδοωχρική πρόσφυση (VMA). Από τους 171 οφθαλμούς με υγρού τύπου ΗΕΩ, 16 (9.36%) είχαν πλήρη αποκόλληση του οπίσθιου υαλοειδούς ενώ οι υπόλοιποι 155 (90.64%) διατηρούσαν το οπίσθιο υαλοειδές προσκολλημένο. Από τους 138 οφθαλμούς με ξηρού τύπου ΗΕΩ, 11 (7.97%) είχαν πλήρη αποκόλληση του οπίσθιου υαλοειδούς ενώ οι υπόλοιποι 127 (92.03%) διατηρούσαν το οπίσθιο υαλοειδές προσκολλημένο. Κατά τη διάρκεια της μελέτης 28 οφθαλμοί, όλοι με κεντρική υαλοειδοωχρική πρόσφυση (VMA) επιδεινώθηκαν στην εξιδρωματική μορφή της νόσου. Η παραμονή προσκολλημένου του οπίσθιου φλοιώδους υαλοειδούς φαίνεται να αποτελεί έναν επιπλέον παράγοντα κινδύνου για την επιδείνωση της ξηρού σε υγρού τύπου ΗΕΩ. Κατά την κλινική διαχείριση ασθενών με ΗΕΩ θα ήταν, επομένως, συνετό να λαμβάνουμε υπόψιν την κατάσταση στην οποία βρίσκεται το οπίσθιο υαλοειδές. Ενώ, λοιπόν, έχει ήδη τεθεί η βάση που ενέχει τη συμμετοχή της παραμονής του προσκολλημένου οπίσθιου υαλοειδούς στην παθογένεια της ΗΕΩ γενικότερα, θα μπορούσαμε να υποστηρίξουμε ότι η οπίσθια υαλοειδοωχρική πρόσφυση αποτελεί παράγοντα κινδύνου για την επιδείνωση της μη εξιδρωματικής σε εξιδρωματική ΗΕΩ κάτι που μας δίνει τη δυνατότητα να επιλέξουμε τη δυνατότητα της φαρμακευτικής βιτρεόλυσης ή ακόμα και της υαλοειδεκτομής σε ασθενείς υψηλού κινδύνου για να αποφευχθεί η εξέλιξη προς τη νεοαγγειακή μορφή της ΗΕΩ.
Design and Application of Corpus in Computational Linguistics based on Multimedia Virtual Technology
Authors: Cao Yanwen , Cui Weihui , Ai Hua , Shi Juntao
Published: November 2023

In this paper a design and application of corpus in computational linguistics is proposed based on multimedia technology in order to solve the problem of the combination of corpus technology and multimedia teaching methods. The hardware interface circuit is created based on the USB interface board, and the S3C6410 CPU is chosen to build a multimedia embedded processor. The proposed study is primarily concerned with creating and using a corpus for computational linguistics that is based on multimedia virtual technology. Multimedia virtual technologies will be employed in this study to set up an environment that is appropriate for gathering and analyzing linguistic data. The goal is to offer a language analysis method that is more effective and efficient, as standard approaches have trouble dealing with complex and varied data sources. The accuracy, scope, and variety of the language data are anticipated to be improved by the suggested methodology. The research also suggests a possible way to improve the Corpus’s design and use in computational linguistics. In this study, encouraging results and an in-depth examination of important issues, such as reliability, validity, and efficiency, are examined. These issues should be measured when considering whether adopting a new technology is the right decision. According to the testing findings, the authors' shared system had the least reaction time-about 1.9 seconds. In conclusion, the author's corpus is more adaptable, usable, and practical for use in the classroom.
A Dynamic Path Optimization Model of IOT Delivery Vehicles for E-commerce Logistics Distribution
Authors: Li Jialin
Published: November 2023

Logistics and distribution is a vital link to guarantee the stable supply of the e-commerce market and the healthy development of the industry. With the constant growth of the e-commerce, the efficiency and service quality of logistics and distribution have been paid more and more attention to. Therefore, the study firstly Considering distribution fixed cost, transportation penalty cost and carbon emission cost, the vehicle routing optimization model is transformed into the lowest transportation cost model, then uses an improved traditional artificial fish swarm algorithm to find the optimum way for this model, and finally verifies its performance and applicability through experiments. The performance test results show that the algorithm finds the optimal solution 3589 and 3590 in 63 and 78 iterations in the Oxford Robot Car dataset and Apollo Scape dataset, respectively; the average running time of the algorithm is 11.864s and 11.967s in the 10 operation time tests; in the operation function test, the algorithm. The algorithm was able to overcome the local optimal solution problem. The applicability simulation shows that this algorithm stabilizes after 53 iterations, the minimum cost of the optimal solution of the model is $41,224, and the total distance of distribution is 9035 km. The research algorithm is fast in finding the optimal value, which is close to it, indicating that the algorithm is highly efficient and reliable, and can greatly optimize the path of e-commerce logistics delivery vehicles, and give a theoretical foundation for the optimization of logistics delivery paths in other industries.
A Feature Extraction based Improved Sentiment Analysis on Apache Spark for Real-time Twitter Data
Authors: Kanungo Piyush , Singh Hari
Published: November 2023

This paper aims to improve the accuracy of sentiment analysis on Apache Spark for a real-time general twitter data. A lot of works exist on sentiment analysis on offline or stored twitter data that uses several classification algorithms on relevant features extracted using well-known feature extraction methodologies on pre-processed text data. However, not much works exist for sentiment analysis of real-time twitter data and especially for the generic data on big data processing platforms such as Apache Spark. This paper proposes a real-time sentiment analysis for generic twitter data through Apache Spark using six classification algorithms on N-gram and Term Frequency – Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) feature extraction methodologies on the pre-processed data. An exhaustive comparison is done using Logistic Regression (LR), Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB), Random Forest Classfier (RFC), Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN), and Decision Tree (DT) classification algorithms. It is observed that the trigram feature extraction method performs the best on LR and SVM and the RFC results are also comparable on the considered general tweets data.
ConCollA - A Smart Emotion-based Music Recommendation System for Drivers
Authors: Patel Jigna , Padaria Ali Asgar , Mehta Aryan , Chokshi Aaryan , Patel Jitali Dineshkumar , Kapdi Rupal
Published: November 2023

Music recommender system is an area of information retrieval system that suggests customized music recommendations to users based on their previous preferences and experiences with music. While existing systems often overlook the emotional state of the driver, we propose a hybrid music recommendation system - ConCollA to provide a personalized experience based on user emotions. By incorporating facial expression recognition, ConCollA accurately identifies the driver’s emotions using convolution neural network(CNN) model and suggests music tailored to their emotional state. ConCollA combines collaborative filtering, a novel content-based recommendation system named Mood Adjusted Average Similarity (MAAS), and apriori algorithm to generate personalized music recommendations. The performance of ConCollA is assessed using various evaluation parameters. The results show that proposed emotion-aware model outperforms a collaborative-based recommender system.
DAY-CASE SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY AT A GENERAL HOSPITAL IN WALES
Authors: Mahajan Uday , Mehta Sonu , Sathyamoorthy Paramasivam
Published: November 2023

There are numerous advantages of discharging patients early after any surgery. Day case arthroplasty in hip and knee is already brought into practice at many centres. We present our journey towards discharging elective shoulder arthroplasty patient on same after their surgery. An initial retrospective study of patients who underwent elective shoulder replacement between 2017 and 2020 were studied. It was identified that a selected group of patients could be discharged on the same of their surgery. The criteria to select a patient for this service was laid down that include ASA 1 or 2, good family support on discharge, personal wishes of patients and early identification of potential patients in the clinic and planning for day case shoulder arthroplasty56 consecutive patients underwent elective arthroplasty of shoulder. Among them 22 patients were discharges on the next day of surgery. The potential patients those could discharged on same were identified to be 11 out of 22 were under ASA 2 and had good family support at home on discharge. Average length of stay after surgery was 2.17 days. We have prospectively discharged 2 patients following the new criteria. This study demonstrates how outpatient elective shoulder could be implemented at other centres. Patient participation and selection with proper planning is key for success here.

Declaration of Interest

(a) fully declare any financial or other potential conflict of interest
How has the US maintained hegemony in the international oil trade through its control of the Middle East?
Authors: Joshi Arya
Published: November 2023

This article discusses the dominance the US has over the Middle Eastern oil industry. It explores the timeline in which this happened, dating back to the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, as well as how strong their dominance is in the current world. The US has created numerous wars to maintain its oil hegemony and has dismantled governments in countries that do not act according to American oil interests. There have been multiple threats to the Bretton Woods system including structural issues and fierce competition. The petro-yuan has become a major component of the world oil trade and diminishing relations between the US and its trade allies could ultimately end the dollar’s currency dominance.
Development of pedestal-free large mode area fibers withTm3+ doped silica nanostructured core
Authors: Peterka Pavel , Aubrecht Jan , Pysz Dariusz , Franczyk Marcin , Schreiber Ondřej , Kamrádek Michal , Kasik Ivan , Buczyński Ryszard
Published: November 2023

We present the pedestal-free thulium doped silica fiber with a large nanostructured core optimized for fiber lasers. The fiber is composed of over 6 thousand thulium doped silica nanorods with a diameter of 71 nm each which form a nanostructured step-index core. We study the influence of non-continuous distribution in nanoscale active areas on gain, beam quality, and fiber laser performance. The proof-of-concept fiber is effectively single mode for wavelength above 1.8 µm. We demonstrate the performance of the fiber in a laser setup pumped at 792 nm. Single mode laser emission with a slope efficiency of 29% at quasi-continuous output power of 4 W with M2 = 1.3 at the emission spectrum 1880-1925 nm is achieved.
High-order mixed vortex beam generator
Authors: Wang Donghui , Feng Chengcheng , Meng Lingzhi , Wang Hongye , Yuan Libo
Published: November 2023

A mixed multi-order vortex beam generator, based on a Reuleaux triangle core fiber chiral grating (RCFG), is proposed. The triangular perturbation and off-axis effects induced by core shape, result in the simultaneous coupling of the core mode with the 1st- and 3rd-order vortex modes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a mixed vortex beam was generated in a single chiral fiber. The phase matching conditions required for the co-coupling of multi-order vortex beams are analyzed based on the coupled mode theory. Additionally, a cladding shrinkage method is proposed to flexibly adjust the co-coupling wavelength. We found that the key to co-coupling lies in balancing the different order perturbations of the Reuleaux triangle core fiber (RTF). The proposed method offers a new approach for the design of mixed multi-order vortex beam generators, with potential applications in fields such as fiber OAM communications, optical tweezers, and super-resolution imaging.
Optical sensing based on phase interrogation with a Young’s interference hologram using a digital micromirror device
Authors: Girerd Théo , Mandorlo Fabien , Jamois Cécile , Benyattou Taha , Ferrier Lydie , Berguiga Lotfi
Published: November 2023

We propose a new holographic interferometric technique of phase interrogation for nanophotonic sensors, allowing to reach low phase noise and fluctuation by using a digital micromirror device spatial light modulator. With the spatial light modulator, both beam shaping and phase shifting interferometry can be simultaneously managed, hence enabling the interrogation of nanophotonic devices with a common-path heterodyne Young’s interference experiment. The efficiency of the technique is illustrated in the particular case of temperature sensing using Tamm plasmon photonic crystals. The hologram sensor allows to probe resonant structures with deep attenuation at resonance, such as resonant structures at critical coupling or with phase singularities.
Omnidirectional propulsion in a metachronal swimmer
Authors: Herrera-Amaya Adrian , Byron Margaret L.
Published: November 2023

Aquatic organisms often employ maneuverable and agile swimming behavior to escape from predators, find prey, or navigate through complex environments. Many of these organisms use metachronally coordinated appendages to execute complex maneuvers. However, though metachrony is used across body sizes ranging from microns to tens of centimeters, it is understudied compared to the swimming of fish, cetaceans, and other groups. In particular, metachronal coordination and control of multiple appendages for three-dimensional maneuvering is not fully understood. To explore the maneuvering capabilities of metachronal swimming, we combine 3D high-speed videography of freely swimming ctenophores (Bolinopsis vitrea) with reduced-order mathematical modeling. Experimental results show that ctenophores can quickly reorient, and perform tight turns while maintaining forward swimming speeds close to 70% of their observed maximum—performance comparable to or exceeding that of many vertebrates with more complex locomotor systems. We use a reduced-order model to investigate turning performance across a range of beat frequencies and appendage control strategies, and reveal that ctenophores are capable of near-omnidirectional turning. Based on both recorded and modeled swimming trajectories, we conclude that the ctenophore body plan enables a high degree of maneuverability and agility, and may be a useful starting point for future bioinspired aquatic vehicles.
Gene communities in co-expression networks across different tissues
Authors: Russell Madison , Aqil Alber , Saitou Marie , Gokcumen Omer , Masuda Naoki
Published: November 2023

With the recent availability of tissue-specific gene expression data, e.g., provided by the GTEx Consortium, there is interest in comparing gene co-expression patterns across tissues. One promising approach to this problem is to use a multilayer network analysis framework and perform multilayer community detection. Communities in gene co-expression networks reveal groups of genes similarly expressed across individuals, potentially involved in related biological processes responding to specific environmental stimuli or sharing common regulatory variations. We construct a multilayer network in which each of the four layers is an exocrine gland tissue-specific gene co-expression network. We develop methods for multilayer community detection with correlation matrix input and an appropriate null model. Our correlation matrix input method identifies five groups of genes that are similarly co-expressed in multiple tissues (a community that spans multiple layers, which we call a generalist community) and two groups of genes that are co-expressed in just one tissue (a community that lies primarily within just one layer, which we call a specialist community). We further found gene co-expression communities where the genes physically cluster across the genome significantly more than expected by chance (on chromosomes 1 and 11). This clustering hints at underlying regulatory elements determining similar expression patterns across individuals and cell types. We suggest thatKRTAP3-1,KRTAP3-3, andKRTAP3-5share regulatory elements in skin and pancreas. Furthermore, we find thatCELA3AandCELA3Bshare associated expression quantitative trait loci in the pancreas. The results indicate that our multilayer community detection method for correlation matrix input extracts biologically interesting communities of genes.
Computational design of novel Cas9 PAM-interacting domains using evolution-based modelling and structural quality assessment
Authors: Malbranke Cyril , Rostain William , Depardieu Florence , Cocco Simona , Monasson Rémi , Bikard David
Published: November 2023

We present here an approach to protein design that combines (i) scarce functional information such as experimental data (ii) evolutionary information learned from a natural sequence variants and (iii) physics-grounded modeling. Using a Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM), we learn a sequence model of a protein family. We use semi-supervision to leverage available functional information during the RBM training. We then propose a strategy to explore the protein representation space that can be informed by external models such as an empirical force-field method (FoldX). Our approach is applied to a domain of the Cas9 protein responsible for recognition of a short DNA motif. We experimentally assess the functionality of 71 variants generated to explore a range of RBM and FoldX energies. Sequences with as many as 50 differences (20% of the protein domain) to the wild-type retained functionality. Overall, 21/71 sequences designed with our method were functional. Interestingly, 6/71 sequences showed an improved activity in comparison with the original wild-type protein sequence. These results demonstrate the interest in further exploring the synergies between machine-learning of protein sequence representations and physics grounded modeling strategies informed by structural information.
Tuning social interactions’ strength drives collective response to light intensity in schooling fish
Authors: Xue Tingting , Li Xu , Lin GuoZheng , Escobedo Ramón , Han Zhangang , Chen Xiaosong , Sire Clément , Theraulaz Guy
Published: November 2023

Schooling fish heavily rely on visual cues to interact with neighbors and avoid obstacles. The availability of sensory information is influenced by environmental conditions and changes in the physical environment that can alter the sensory environment of the fish, which in turn affects individual and group movements. In this study, we combine experiments and data-driven modeling to investigate the impact of varying levels of light intensity on social interactions and collective behavior in rummy-nose tetra fish. The trajectories of single fish and groups of fish swimming in a tank under different lighting conditions were analyzed to quantify their movements and spatial distribution. Interaction functions between two individuals and the fish interaction with the tank wall were reconstructed and modeled for each light condition. Our results demonstrate that light intensity strongly modulates social interactions between fish and their reactions to obstacles, which then impact collective motion patterns that emerge at the group level.
ZmEREB92 plays a negative role in seed germination by regulating ethylene signaling and starch mobilization in maize
Authors: Fu Jingye , Pei Wenzheng , He Linqian , Ma Ben , Tang Chen , Zhu Li , Wang Liping , Zhong Yuanyuan , Chen Gang , Wang Qi , Wang Qiang
Published: November 2023

Rapid and uniform seed germination is required for modern cropping system. Thus, it is important to optimize germination performance through breeding strategies in maize, in which identification for key regulators is needed. Here, we characterized an AP2/ERF transcription factor, ZmEREB92, as a negative regulator of seed germination in maize. Enhanced germination in ereb92 mutants is contributed by elevated ethylene signaling and starch degradation. Consistently, an ethylene signaling gene ZmEIL7 and an α-amylase gene ZmAMYa2 are identified as direct targets repressed by ZmEREB92. OsERF74, the rice ortholog of ZmEREB92, shows conserved function in negatively regulating seed germination in rice. Importantly, this orthologous gene pair is likely experienced convergently selection during maize and rice domestication. Besides, mutation of ZmEREB92 and OsERF74 both lead to enhanced germination under cold condition, suggesting their regulation on seed germination might be coupled with temperature sensitivity. Collectively, our findings uncovered the ZmEREB92-mediated regulatory mechanism of seed germination in maize and provide breeding targets for maize and rice to optimize seed germination performance towards changing climates.