bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amamentação como estratégia preventiva na obesidade infantil: mecanismos metabólicos e impacto a longo prazo
Authors: Lima Tatiana Romagnoli Barbosa de , Barros Andre da Silva , Gonçalves Gabriela Rodolfo , Pereira Karen Mendes , Castro Paloma Dornas de
Published: February 2025

A amamentação desempenha um papel essencial na prevenção da obesidade infantil, influenciando positivamente o metabolismo e o comportamento alimentar desde os primeiros meses de vida. O leite materno oferece os nutrientes necessários para o desenvolvimento infantil e promove a regulação do apetite e do metabolismo, prevenindo o acúmulo excessivo de gordura corporal. Além disso, a amamentação contribui para o desenvolvimento de uma microbiota intestinal saudável e ajuda a estabelecer preferências alimentares mais equilibradas, o que pode influenciar escolhas alimentares ao longo da vida. Estudos indicam que bebês amamentados exclusivamente por seis meses ou mais têm menores chances de desenvolver obesidade na infância e na adolescência, além de apresentarem menor risco de doenças crônicas como diabetes tipo 2 e doenças cardiovasculares na vida adulta. A amamentação também contribui para a programação metabólica, que influencia o sistema endócrino e cardiovascular, promovendo um metabolismo saudável a longo prazo. Contudo, a adesão à amamentação enfrenta barreiras significativas, como falta de apoio social, dificuldades no local de trabalho e falta de informações adequadas, especialmente em áreas de baixa renda. Superar essas barreiras é fundamental para maximizar os benefícios da amamentação na prevenção da obesidade infantil. Portanto, a promoção da amamentação deve ser uma prioridade nas políticas de saúde pública, com ênfase no apoio às mães para garantir que mais crianças possam se beneficiar dessa prática. A conscientização e o suporte institucional são essenciais para prevenir a obesidade infantil, melhorar a saúde das futuras gerações e reduzir os impactos dessa condição na saúde pública.
Perfil epidemiológico da tuberculose no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19, em Pernambuco
Authors: Silva Camila Caroline da , Silva Danielle Ramalho Barbosa da , Lins Eduardo Henrique Correa , Sousa Irene Cardoso , Ferreira Ranna Carinny Gonçalves , Tavares Rodolfo Augusto do Nascimento , França Rafael Ferreira de , Oliveira Viviany Souza de
Published: February 2025

A Tuberculose foi considerada um problema de saúde pública em 1993 pela Organização mundial de saúde, e até então tem dizimado milhões de pessoas em todo mundo, sendo no ano de 2015 a doença infecciosa que mais levou a óbito no planeta superando o HIV, em 2020 superada pela COVID-19. O objetivo principal de este trabalho descrever o panorama da tuberculose durante o período de pandemia de COVID-19 em Pernambuco. Foi feito um levantamento nas bases de dados DATASUS, TABNET-PE e boletins estaduais e nacionais. Os dados foram analisados e correlacionados no programa Excel versão 2013. Como resultado observou-se uma redução das notificações durante os anos iniciais da pandemia e em 2021 um aumento expressivo da demanda reprimida de casos e óbitos. A estratégia pelo fim da tuberculose regrediu em anos os avanços do controle da doença devido a diminuição das atividades de diagnóstico, busca ativa, consultas e tratamento, dificultando o progresso no controle da tuberculose no Brasil e no mundo.
Análise epidemiológica do câncer de pulmão no Brasil em função do aumento do uso de cigarro eletrônico nos anos de 2017 a 2022
Authors: Araújo João Victor Barros , Freitas Pedro Henrique Menezes de , Garcia Luis Fernando Burgos , Silva Marlon Maia da , Silva Maycon Maia da , Teixeira Luciano de Castro Resende Araújo , Rocha Diogo dos Santos , Chagas Anelyse Soares , Queiroz Gustavo Luis Mota de , Silva Iran Miranda
Published: February 2025

Introdução:O câncer de pulmão é a principal causa de morte por câncer no Brasil e o tumor maligno mais letal entre os homens no mundo. Nos últimos anos, o aumento do uso de cigarro eletrônico no país tem se tornado uma preocupação, já que sua relação com o desenvolvimento da doença vem sendo cada vez mais evidenciada. Objetivo: Definir o perfil epidemiológico do Câncer de pulmão no Brasil no contexto do aumento do uso de cigarro eletrônico.Métodos:Trata-se de perfil epidemiológico horizontal retrospectivo que utiliza dados do datassus e do  INCA, foram utilizados os parâmetros da temporalidade em relação ao uso de cigarro eletrônico nos anos de 2014 a 2022.Resultado:Em 2022,o Brasil registrou mais de 62 mil casos de câncer de pulmão, com um aumento em relação a 2017.No mesmo período, o uso de cigarro eletrônico entre jovens de 15 a 24 anos cresceu 300% entre 2015 3 2019, indicando uma possível correlação.Discussão:A análise dos dados revelou uma relação direta entre o aumento do uso do cigarro eletrônico entre jovens e o crescimento das internações por câncer de pulmão.A faixa etária mais acometida foi de 15 a 24 anos, evidenciando o impacto do cigarro eletrônico na incidência da doença.Conclusão: O estudo evidencia a relação entre o aumento câncer de pulmão e o uso de cigarro eletrônico, especialmente entre jovens de 15 e 24 ano, e busca incentivar políticas públicas e pesquisas para prevenção e conscientização sobre os riscos.
Plant Diversity and Endemism of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, with Floristic Comparisons to Surrounding Mountains
Authors: Fortier Riley P. , Kullberg Alyssa T. , Aragón Lina , Bernal-Escobar Manuel , Contreras Maria Paula , Palacios Hurtado Camilo , Lautenschlager Laís , Feeley Kenneth J.
Published: February 2025

The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM) is a large, isolated mountain on Colombia’s Caribbean coast. Its isolation has led to high diversity and endemism in its fauna; however, knowledge of the mountain’s floristics remains limited. Here, we aim to better characterize the flora of the SNSM above 1700 m.s.m. Using occurrence records and a literature review, we compile a list of all known seed plants endemic to the SNSM montane flora and perform biogeographical analyses to compare the cloud forest and páramo floras of the SNSM to those of surrounding mountain ranges in the northern Andes and Central America. We first compared broad patterns in collection efforts and species diversity across mountain ranges. We then analyzed the elevational limits of plant species on the SNSM and surrounding mountain ranges to test for the Massenerhebung effect (i.e., the phenomenon that species have higher elevational limits on large mountains rather than small mountains). Finally, we performed a cluster analysis to explore compositional similarities among floras. We identified 164 plant species that are endemic to the SNSM and that occur above 1700 m.s.m., the largest list of SNSM endemics to date. Overall, the SNSM has lower plant diversity than surrounding mountain ranges but also much lower collection effort, indicating a need for continued botanical exploration of the mountain. Our analysis supported the Massenerhebung effect, with the SNSM showing lower elevational limits when compared to larger mountain ranges. The cloud forest and páramo floras of the SNSM were most similar to those of the Cordillera de Mérida in Venezuela. Our results highlight the importance of increasing efforts to explore and conserve the SNSM’s unique flora.
Educational Activities in the USSR and the Russian Federation as a Systemic Element of Professional Training of Civil Servants
Authors:   St. Petersburg Humanitarian University of Trade Unions, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Paseshnikova L.A. , Romashova G.T. ,   Institute of Management Russian Academy of National Economy and public service at President of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: February 2025

A comprehensive analysis of the systems of Soviet and modern Russian legislation is carried out. The concepts and basic principles characterizing the Soviet and post -Soviet education system are distinguished and characterized. The place of the educational system is determined in the mechanism of professional training of civil servants. It is proposed to consider the system of national education as a socio-cultural structure of the formation and functioning of which is carried out under the direct impact of the processes of state legal development. The educational system that has developed in the state is an important component of the mechanism of professional training of civil servants. In modern Russia, it is possible to consider public service as an independent profession, preparing for which is a specialized direction of educational and upbringing activities, within the framework of which specialized professional competencies are developed and professional legal consciousness is formed.
Constitutional Legal Understanding as a Systemic Element of Russian Federalism
Authors:   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation, Romashova M.R.
Published: February 2025

It is proposed to consider constitutional legal understanding as an institutional element of the constitutional law system, the content of which combines constitutional phenomenology, constitutional ontology and constitutional axiology. The emergence and development of constitutional legal understanding is directly related to the cyclogenesis of the Russian state and legal system, which involves the identification of three autonomous historical cycles: imperial, Soviet, post-Soviet. In the context of Russian federalism, constitutional legal understanding is divided into monistic and pluralistic; national (federal) and regional (subjects of the federation). A comparative analysis of these types allows us to consider the national constitutional legal understanding as the ideological basis of the socio-cultural community of the "Russian world".
Mediation as a Way to Settle Legal Disputes in Healthcare: Problems and Solutions
Authors:   Research Institute of Industrial and Maritime Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Voronkova S.V. , Yurkova M.A. ,   Pushkin Leningrad State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the Institute of mediation in Russian healthcare. Despite the positive nature and prospects of this method of resolving legal disputes in the provision of medical care, there are serious legislative and practical gaps, leading to inefficiency and low demand for mediation in the Russian Federation. As a result of the study, the authors conclude that it is necessary to further improve and develop the system of pre-trial settlement of legal disputes based on an integrated approach consisting in harmonizing legislation, increasing the responsibility of medical workers, the need to train mediators in the field of healthcare, improving legal literacy of the population, expanding the activities of legal clinics.
Estudio comparativo del impacto de la urbanización sobre la calidad de agua en Tres Arroyos Pampeanos del Centro Bonaerense de Argentina
Authors: Masson Ignacio , Gonzalez Castelain José , Barranquero Rosario , Othax Natalia , Krüger Alejandra , González Juliana , Peluso Fabio
Published: February 2025

Se evaluó la calidad de agua en tres arroyos pampeanos bonaerenses, dos urbanos (Arroyo del Azul y Arroyo Langueyú) y uno rural (el Arroyo de los Huesos), comparando como ésta se ve afectada por la urbanización dentro de tramos del mismo arroyo y entre distintos arroyos, y comparando con el arroyo rural. A través del análisis de variables fisicoquímicas, niveles guía, índice de calidad de agua de la National Sanitation Foundation e indicador 6.3.2 de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible se determinó que los dos arroyos urbanos se encontrarían mayormente impactados en sus tramos posturbanos, producto de los vuelcos que reciben. Por otra parte, se observó una mayor recuperación aguas abajo de estos vuelcos en el Arroyo del Azul que en el Langueyú; en el primer caso, el mayor caudal y menor población permitiría una mayor recuperación. En el sector preurbano de estas cuencas, al igual que en el Arroyo de los Huesos (rural) se detectaron niveles elevados de nitrato y fósforo que podrían ser de origen natural, aunque posiblemente influenciados por la agricultura. Este estudio contribuye a conocer el estado de conservación de arroyos pampeanos, el efecto de la urbanización y a detectar indicios de contaminación.
Karabuğday Unu İkamesinin Ekmeklerin Fiziksel, Kimyasal ve Duyusal Özellikleri Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Ertan Erdi , Şevik Ramazan
Published: February 2025

Bu çalışma, karabuğday unu ilavesinin ekmek üretiminde kullanımı ve ekmeklerin fiziksel, kimyasal ve duyusal özellikleri üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. %0, %15 ve %30 oranlarında karabuğday unu kullanılarak üretilen ekmeklerin renk, hacim, sertlik, nem, kül, protein içeriği, antioksidan aktivite ve toplam fenolik madde miktarları analiz edilmiştir. Karabuğday unu oranı arttıkça ekmeklerin kabuk ve iç renk değerlerinde değişiklikler gözlenmiştir; iç kısmında L* (aydınlık), a* (kırmızılık) ve b* (sarılık) değerlerinde düşüş olmuştur. Dış renk değerlerinde ise L* azalırken, a* ve b* yükselmiştir. Ekmeklerin hacim, değerleri azalmış, ancak sertlik değerleri artmıştır. Protein içeriği karabuğday unu oranıyla birlikte artmış, antioksidan aktivite ve fenolik madde de benzer şekilde yükselmiştir. Duyusal analizler, karabuğday unu ilavesinin ekmeklerin gözenek yapısı, çiğnenebilirlik, sertlik, renk, lezzet ve genel kabul edilebilirlik üzerinde olumlu etkiler yarattığını göstermiştir.
Institutional mentoring program to reduce the gender gap and school dropouts in Higher Education Institutions (HEI)
Authors:   Universidad Tecnológica del Centro de Veracruz, Gómez-Sánchez Jesabel , Pérez-Hernández Ivette ,   Universidad Tecnológica del Centro de Veracruz, Ramos-Hernández Rocío ,   Universidad Tecnológica del Centro de Veracruz, Antonio-Vidaña Paula Rosalinda ,   Universidad Tecnológica del Centro de Veracruz
Published: February 2025

The main objective of the UTCV-British Council-INOVA Mentoring program is to empower young university students through the support of trained mentors, creating a support network that facilitates the achievement of personal and professional goals. It seeks to inspire and encourage students' personal, academic, and professional development while reducing the school dropout rate and improving academic and employment opportunities. This describes intensive mentor training, careful pairing of mentors and mentees based on shared interests and goals, and monitoring progress. The program addresses local dropout challenges and aligns with global initiatives for women's empowerment in STEM fields. In addition, it offers a replicable model for other institutions, creating a support network that transcends the academic field, promoting the leadership and inclusion of women in various professional fields.
Lavarone: come è approdato sulle spiagge della Versilia?
Authors: Paoli Matilde
Published: February 2025

Tre lettori ci chiedono chiarimenti sulla parola lavarone: una lettrice, che scrive da Torino e che ha trovato il termine, a lei ignoto, in un testo di Giovanni Papini, ne domanda significato e origine; altri due, che scrivono da Prato e Viareggio, si stupiscono che il termine, da loro ben conosciuto, usato dai media locali e presente in documenti pubblicati sul sito della Regione Toscana, non sia registrato nei dizionari di lingua.
Spatial Monthly Distribution of Malaria Parasite and Anopheles Mosquitoes in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
Authors: Eke S.S. , Omalu I.C.J. , Olayemi I.K. , Egwim E.C. , Hassan S.C. , Shoge M.O. , Hadijah U.Y. , Otuu C.A.
Published: February 2025

Malaria is a life-threatening mosquito-borne tropical disease that continues to pose public health challenges in Nigeria. This study was conducted to evaluate the spatial monthly and seasonal distribution of Anopheles mosquito in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. Mosquitoes were sampled using the Pyrethroid Spray Catch (PSC) technique and were identified morphologically using keys. A total of 3303 (100%) mosquito vectors were captured between June 2016 and May 2017. The total number of mosquitoes captured comprised, 791(23.95%) Anopheline and 2512(76.05%) Culicine. The highest number of mosquito vectors were captured in May 2017 with 528(15.99%) followed by 453(13.71%) in August 2016, while the least of 78(2.36%) were captured in November 2016 (P<0.05). Out of the 791(23.95%) Anopheles mosquitoes captured, the highest being 233 (44.13%) was recorded in May 2017. Seven (7) species of female Anopheles mosquitoes were encountered during the study period, namely: Anopheles gambiae (53.22%), Anopheles funestus (18.46%), Anopheles squamosus (4.55%), Anopheles moucheti (5.07%), Anopheles coustani (9.23%), Anopheles nili (7.21%) and Anopheles pharoensis (2.28%). This study revealed a high distribution of Anopheles mosquitoes in the study areas. The results of this study would be useful in planning an effective site-specific malaria vector control, as it highlights the need to give special consideration to the predominance of a single malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae in Minna, Niger State.
Dalle foreste eoceniche del Mar Baltico alla foresta di Vallombrosa. Un viaggio di 40 milioni di anni di un minuscolo insetto: Malthodes vallombrosa Parisi & Fanti, 2024 (Coleoptera: Cantharidae)
Authors: Parisi Francesco , Fanti Fabrizio
Published: February 2025

Durante l’Eocene, circa 40 milioni di anni fa, le foreste del Mar Baltico erano ecosistemi complessi con clima subtropicale umido, dominati da conifere e specie decidue. L’analisi dell’ambra fossile rivela una ricca biodiversità di artropodi e vegetali, suggerendo habitat eterogenei. Recentemente è stata descritta una nuova specie di coleottero, Malthodes vallombrosa Parisi & Fanti, 2024, dedicata alla Foresta di Vallombrosa in Toscana, simbolo di gestione forestale sostenibile. Questi ecosistemi offrono importanti spunti sulle dinamiche ecologiche passate e sul loro impatto sulla biodiversità attuale. Lo studio delle ambre fossili appartenenti ad ecosistemi forestali del passato e gli organismi odierni di un ecosistema adeguatamente protetto da decenni come Vallombrosa ci permette di conoscere aspetti ecologici di specie ormai estinte ma che conservano numerosi tratti in comune con quelle arrivate ad oggi.
EFEKTIFITAS METODE FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION (FGD) DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PERILAKU PADA ORANG TUA PEDULI ANAK THALESEMIA
Authors: Wahyudi Wahyudi , Subandiyo Subandiyo , Mardiyono Mardiyono , Kuswati Ani , Widjijati Widjijati
Published: February 2025

Pendahuluan: Dinas Kesehatan Banyumas ada 1.000 sekian kasus Thalasemia di Jateng, 243 kasus diantaranya ada di Banyumas. Kondisi perawatan berulang, lama, membosankan pada penderita talasemia menyebabkan penyakit ini mencakup semua aspek kehidupan individu. Keluarga membutuhkan pemahaman penyakit thalasemia, cara pengobatan, tindakan pencegahan yang dapat diterapkan saat merawat di rumah sehingga diperlukan salah satu pelayanan kesehatan melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Tujuan penelitian mengevaluasi FGD terhadap pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku orang tua peduli anak Thalasemia.  Metode: Jenis penelitian quast experimental, with control group design dengan pre - test – post – test. teknik consecutive sampling, consecutive sampling (berurutan), total sempel ada 60 responden, sebanyak 30 untuk kelompok perlakuan dan 30 untuk kelompok kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil analisis terdapat pengaruh promosi kesehatan dengan metode FGD terhadap pengetahuan masyarakat tentang thalasemia. Terdapat pengaruh promosi kesehatan dengan metode FGD terhadap pengetahuan masyarakat tentang diabetes mellitus. Hasil :Untuk analisis bivariate, peneliti menggunakan uji pairesd sample T Test didapatkan nilai p value pengetahuan = 0,001 lebih kecil dari nilai alpha (p < 0,05), sikap (p<0,01) dan perilaku (p 0,01) hal tersebut menunjukkan ada pengaruh pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku sebelum dan setelah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan dengan metode Focus group discussion. pada orang tua peduli anak thalassemia. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan metode lain seperti metode bermain, metode peer education
Temporal Cellulitis after Dental Extraction: A Case Report, Our Therapeutic Approach, and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Divina Ndelafei , Yassine Bennaoui , Salah Koussay Hattab Mohamed , Aziz Zakaria , Nadia Mansouri Hattab
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Temporal odontogenic cellulitis is a rare condition, typically secondary to dental infections, dental extractions, or dental trauma. Case Report: A 41-year-old patient with no significant medical history was referred to the emergency department of the maxillofacial surgery service for a painful, fluctuating, soft temporo-jugal swelling with trismus, following a dental abscess associated with a decayed tooth (48). The treatment, guided by imaging, included surgical drainage through a transoral approach, compressive bandaging, and a multi-antibiotic regimen for several days. Discussion: This case report highlights the insidious progression of this rare and often overlooked condition. Diagnosis is based on a detailed maxillofacial examination, a CT scan, and/or an MRI to assess the extent of the lesions. Early intervention is crucial, as the condition can threaten life. Management involves surgical drainage of the collection and appropriate antibiotic therapy.
"The Effect of Work Motivation and Work Environment on Employee Performance through Job Satisfaction at the Manpower, Investment and One-Stop Integrated Services Office of Malang City"
Authors: Handiyah Dewi , Harsono Harsono , Setyadi M.C. Sina
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze the influence of work motivation and work environment on employee performance through job satisfaction as a mediating variable at the Office of Manpower, Investment, and Integrated One-Stop Services (Disnaker PMPTSP) in Malang City. Using a survey method, questionnaires were distributed to all civil servant employees (ASN) in the institution, involving a total of 58 respondents. The variables studied include work motivation, work environment, job satisfaction, and employee performance. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression models and path analysis to examine both direct and indirect effects among variables. The results indicate that work motivation and work environment positively and significantly affect job satisfaction. Furthermore, job satisfaction acts as a significant mediator in the relationship between work motivation, work environment, and employee performance. These findings highlight the importance of creating a conducive work environment and enhancing work motivation through effective managerial policies to optimize employee performance. The practical implications of this research suggest that Disnaker PMPTSP Malang City should continuously improve human resource management by providing recognition, enhancing workplace facilities, and fostering interpersonal relationships to boost employee satisfaction and performance. This study contributes to the academic discourse on the relationship between work motivation, work environment, and performance, particularly in the public sector. It also serves as a reference for future research to explore additional relevant variables, such as organizational culture and employee engagement, in improving public sector service quality.
Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in National Development Policy Formulation in Indonesia
Authors: Maulana Akhmad Taufan , Andriansyah Andriansyah , Muksin Nani Nurani , Satispi Evi , Samudra Azhari Aziz , Oktariani Andina
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is (1) to describe the climate change mitigation and adaptation agenda in formulating national development policies. (2) To describe the climate change mitigation and adaptation agenda that is integrated into national development planning. The research method used is qualitative research with literature studies to collect data. The results of the study indicate that: (1) Indonesia has considered the climate change adaptation agenda in formulating national development policies, with the consideration that the adaptation agenda is more suitable and more feasible to be implemented in developing countries. to address the impacts of climate change at the national level.The Indonesian government has taken various measures to address the impacts of climate change. Many public policy documents have been published at the Central Level, through related Ministries/Institutions and Regional Governments.(2) The climate change adaptation agenda has been outlined in the APBN posture in the form of (a) a climate change budget in state revenues, (b) a climate change budget in central government transactions, (c) a climate change budget in distribution to regions and village funds, and (d) a climate change budget in financing
Gambaran Hubungan Obesitas dan Diabetes Melitus pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus RSUD Koja Tahun 2004 - 2008
Authors: . Herbert , Santoso Mardi
Published: February 2025

AbstrakÂ Obesitas adalah akumulasi lemak tidak normal atau berlebihan di jaringan adiposa. Obesitas dapat meningkatkan resistensi insulin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari korelasi antara obesitas dan Diabetes mellitus (DM). Penelitian dilakukan secara cross sectional dan pengambilan data dilakukan secara acak. Uji korelasi dilakukan dengan chi square. Data diambil dari rekam medik pasien yang dirawat di bagian penyakit dalam RSUD KOJA tahun 2004 â€“ 2008. Dari 78 sampel, sebanyak 36 pasien dengan obesitas menderita DM sementara 10 pasien obes tidak menderita DM. Dari 73 pasien DM, 12 tidak obes, sedangkan pasien yang tidak menderita DM dan tidak obes sebanyak 20 pasien. Disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara obesitas dan DM. Â Kata kunci: diabetes, obesitasÂ Â Abstract Â Obesity, in which fat is abnormally accumulated at adipose tissue, will increase insulin resistance syndrome. This study learned the correlation between obesity and DM. This research was cross sectional with the data taken by random sampling method. Chi square was used to test the correlation. The data were taken from medical records of all interne ward patients in RSUD KOJA from 2004 â€“ 2008. Out of 78 samples, 36 obese patients suffered from DM and 10 obese patients were found without DM. From 73 DM patients, 12 were not obese while the number of patients without DM and without obesity was 20 patients.Â Key words: Diabetes, obesity
Komplikasi Retinopati Diabetik Gambaran Klinis dan Sebaran Prevalensi Pasien Rawat Jalan dan Rawat Inap Di RSUD Koja Periode Januari 2004 â€“Desember 2008
Authors: . Ronald , Ndraha Suzanna , Santoso Mardi , Morosidi Saptoyo Argo
Published: February 2025

AbstrakRetinopati diabetik adalah komplikasi paling penting dalam diabetes mellitus karena prevalensinya yang tinggi. Tingkat gula darah meningkatkan faktor resiko. Pasien dengan retinopati diabetik beresiko mengalami kebutaan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari prevalensi retinopati diabetik dihubungkan dengan faktor yang dapat dikontrol (tekanan darah dan gula darah puasa) dan faktor yang tidak dapat dikontrol (umur dan jenis kelamin). Untuk mendiagnosa retinopati diabetik digunakan standar yang diusulkan oleh Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group (ETDRS). Studi ini dilakukan secara cross-sectional. Data diambil berdasarkan rekam medis seluruh pasien DM dari Januari 2004â€“Desember 2008 di RSUD Koja. Retinopati Diabetik kebanyakan terjadi pada laki-laki (96 pasien, 59.26%) dibanding pada wanita (66 pasien, 40,74%). Kelompok umur 50-59 tahun beresiko lebih tinggi (38,27%) daripada kelompok umur lain. Retinopati diabetik terjadi sebanyak 67.9% pada pasien dengan kadar gula darah puasa 100 mG/dL dan gula darah sewaktu 140 mG/dL.Kata kunci: retinopati diabetik, prevalensi, komplikasiÂ Â AbstractDiabetic Retinopathy is the most important complication in diabetes mellitus (DM) because of its high prevalence. The risk factor is elevated blood sugar. Patients with diabetic retinopathy are at risk of blindness. This study was aimed to find out the prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy related to unmanageable factors (age and sex) and manageable factors (blood pressure and fasting blood sugar). Classification proposed by Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group (ETDRS) was used for diagnosing diabetic retinopathy. This study was cross sectional and was based on medical data record on all DM patients from January 2004 â€“ Desember 2008 in RSUD Koja. Diabetic Retinopathy mostly happens in male (96 patients, 59.26%) compare to female (66 patients, 40,74%). Age group of 50-59 years old has a higher risk (38,27%) than the other age group. Diabetic Retinopathy happened 67.9% in patients with blood sugar level of 100 mG/dL (fasting) and 140 mG/dL Key words : retinopathy diabetic, prevalence, complication
Penanda Biologis Protein Tau pada Demensia Alzheimerï»¿ï»¿ndo
Authors: Ingkiriwang Elly
Published: February 2025

AbstrakPada penyakit Alzheimer (AD) ditemukan kerusakan neuron di tingkat seluler, terutama pada korteks dan hipokampus. Beberapa penyebabnya antara lain oleh deposisi protein amiloid di luar sel neuron yang disebut plak, dan perubahan yang ditemukan di dalam sitoplasma disebut sebagai Neurofibrillary Tangles (NFT).1 Penelitian selama beberapa dekade ini telah memfokuskan pada Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) sebagai jendela dari otak individu dengan AD dan beberapa penyakit yang berhubungan dengannya. Patobiologi neurodegenerasi telah dimengerti dengan lebih baik, dan investigasi mulai difokuskan pada CSF sebagai protein penanda biologis untuk demensia Alzheimer. Tiga penanda biologis seperti total tau,fosfo-tau, dan bentuk asam amino 42 dari ÃŸ-amyloid telah dipelajari dalam sejumlah studi dan kemampuannya untuk mengidentifikasi AD incipient pada kasus Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Penanda biologis CSF diharapkan mempunyai kemampuan tidak hanya sebagai penanda diagnostik, tetapi juga sebagai penanda stadium atau aktivitas penyakit. Tau dalam CSF meningkat pada tahap sangat dini, mungkin mendahului demensia yang dapat terdeteksi secara klinis. Diagnosis klinis AD dapat dilakukan dengan akurat, terutama oleh klinisi yang berpengalaman, dan karena hanya pengobatan simptomatik yang tersedia, maka test CSF untuk AD jarang dilakukan sebagai alat diagnostik yang rutin.2 Pengobatan simptomatik sekarang dapat memperlambat progesivitas penyakit3, maka test CSF dilakukan untuk diagnostik dini, bahkan presimptomatik sehingga akan lebih luas digunakan dalam praktek klinis.Â Kata kunci: penyakit Alzheimer, CSF, penanda biologis, tau.
Ketoacidosis a Rare Complication of Fibrocalculous Pancreatic Diabetes
Authors: Tan Henny Tannady , Ndrah Suzanna
Published: February 2025

AbstractÂ In a tropical country a case of ketosis resistant insulin dependent diabetes mellitus occurred in young lean patient who also shows evidence of malnutrition and pancreatic calculi with or without fibrosis and intermittent abdominal pain could be regarded as Fibrocalculous Pancreatic Diabetes (FCPD). We reported of a 24 years old female patient with shortness of breath since one day before she was admitted to the hospital. She also had a fever with sore throat and recurrent abdominal pain. Patient had history of abdominal pain, at that time she also developed white stools. She had a two years history of generalized body weakness associated with progressive weight lost, polydipsia and polyuria.Physical examination revealed a young lady with a low Body Mass Index (BMI) and tonsilopharyngitis. The haematological examination shown hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and leukocytosis. The abdominal x ray and ultrasound scan showed pancreatic calcification. The classical clinical picture of FCPD is primarily of a young diabetic patient presenting with recurrent epigastric pain, steatorrhoea, signs of malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. Although this case caused by ketoacidosis resistant, under special circumstances particularly after stress for example infection, trauma, etc ketosis could also be occurred.Key word: ketoacidosis, complication, fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetesÂ AbstrakÂ Di negara tropis, kasus resistensi terhadap ketosis yang terjadi pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 1 (DMT1) berusia muda, bertubuh kurus, dan disertai penyulit berupa malnutrisi dan batu pankreas dengan atau tanpa fibrosis dan nyeri abdomen intermiten, dapat disebut sebagai Diabetes Melitus Terkait Malnutrisi (DMTM). Dilaporkan kasus seorang perempuan berusia 24 tahun dengan keluhan utama sesak nafas sejak 1 hari sebelum masuk RS. Keluhan juga disertai demam, sakit tenggorokan dan nyeri abdomen berulang disertai steatorroae. Sejak 2 tahun ini ia merasa badan lemas dengan penurunan berat badan progresif, polidipsi dan poliuri. Pemeriksaan fisik didapatkan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) rendah dan tonsilofaringitis. Hasil laboratorium menunjukkan hiperglikemia, ketoasidosis, dan leukositosis. Foto polos dan USG abdomen menunjukan adanya kalsifikasi pankreas. Gambaran klasik dari DMTM adalah pasien DM muda dengan gejala nyeri epigastrium berulang, steatorroea, tanda-tanda malnutrisi dan defisiensi mikronutrien. Walaupun kasus ini disebabkan oleh resistensi terhadap ketoasidosis, namun pada kasus tertentu dengan penyulit seperti infeksi, trauma, dan sebab lainnya, ketosis dapat terjadi. Kata kunci: ketoasidosis, komplikasi, Diabetes terkait MalnutrisiÂ
Patofisiologi dan Patogenesis Kardiomiopati
Authors: . William
Published: February 2025

Abstrak Kardiomiopati adalah sekumpulan kelainan pada otot jantung dan seringkali berakhir dengan gagal jantung. Penyakit ini diklasifikasikan berdasarkan bentuk perubahan anatominya menjadi tiga yaitu kardiomiopati dilatasi, hipertrofik dan restriktif. Etiologi dari masing-masing kardiomiopati sangat banyak dan sangat mungkin bertambah seiring bertambahnya ilmu pengetahuan dan beberapa pengetahuan mengenai penyakit ini yang masih perlu untuk diteliti lebih lanjut, pada makalah ini akan dibahas detail mengenai kardiomiopati dari aspek patofisiologi dan patogenesisnya.Â Kata kunci: Kardiomiopati, otot jantung, gagal jantungÂ Â Abstract Cardiomyopathy is a disease that affect heart muscle and often ended with heart failure. This disease can be classified into dilated, hypertrophic and restrictive type. The cause of each type is a lot and in time there will be added even more. This review will be discussed especially about the pathophysiology and the pathogenesis of the disease. Key words: Cardiomyopathy, heart muscle, heart failureÂ
Kaitan Pemakaian Sepatu Hak Tinggi dengan Lordosis Lumbal
Authors: Winata Handy
Published: February 2025

Abstrak Sejak masa Louis XIV di perancis, para wanita mulai memakai sepatu hak tinggi. Tetapi semua itu ternyata membawa efek negatif. Beberapa wanita sering mengeluh dengan memakai sepatu hak tinggi menyebabkan mereka nyeri punggung, hal ini membuat banyak dokter dan ahli terapi mulai berpikir bahwa sumber nyeri tersebut adalah sepatu hak tinggi yang menyebabkan peningkatan kelengkungan lordosis lumbal tulang belakang. Pemakaian sepatu hak tinggi akan mengakibatkan peningkatan lordosis lumbal yang diakibatkan oleh karena berkurangnya sudut fleksi dari lumbal dan menyebabkan meningkatnya otot erector spinae untuk menopang tubuh yang tidak stabil, supaya tetap berdiri tegak. Hal ini terjadi pada jangka panjang akan menimbulkan kelelahan dan ketidaknyamanan pada si pemakai, yang pada akhirnya akan berujung pada terjadinya low back pain.Kata kunci : Sepatu hak tinggi, lordosis lumbal, low back painÂ Â Abstract At the time of Louis XIV in France, the women began to wear high heels. But it turned out to have negative effects, some women often complain with wearing high heels cause them pain, it makes doctors and therapists began to think that the source of the pain is high-heeled shoes that cause the increase of the lordosis curvature of the lumbar spine . The use of high-heeled shoes will lead to increased lumbar lordosis resulting from the reduced angle of lumbar flexion and causing increased erector spinae muscles to support the body unstable, for standing normally. This situation in long term will lead to fatigue and discomfort, which will eventually lead to the occurrence of low back pain. Keywords: high heels, lumbar lordosis, low back pain
Tata Laksana Terkini pada Hipertensi
Authors: . Michael , Natalia Devita , Margarreta Santa Lin , Putra Wurry Devian , Gabrielia Claudia Rosela
Published: February 2025

AbstrakÂ Hipertensi merupakan penyakit degeneratif 80% ditemukan di dunia. Pada banyak pasien gejalanya asimtomatik. Dalam karya tulis ini akan dibahas tentang tata laksana pada hipertensi. Obat anti hipertensi dapat digunakan secara monoterapi maupun kombinasi. Terdapat bermacam-macam obat hipertensi yang dapat digunakan sebagai terapi inisial atau kombinasi dalam tata laksana hipertensi, antara lain : diuretic thiazid, calcium antagonist, ACE-inhibitor, angiotensin receptor antagonist dan beta blocker.Kata kunci: Hipertensi, Tata laksanaÂ Abstract Hypertension is a degenerative disease evidence in 80% of population. In many patients the symptoms are asymptomatic. In this paper will discuss about treatment in hypertension. Antihypertensive drugs can be used as monotherapy or in combination. There are various hypertension medications that can be used as initial therapy or in combination in the management of hypertension, such as : thiazide diuretics, calcium antagonists, ACE -inhibitors, angiotensin receptor antagonists and beta blockers.Keywords: Hypertension, Treatment
Peranan Kanal Ion Miokardium pada Kelistrikan Jantung
Authors: . William
Published: February 2025

AbstrakKanal ion miokardiummerupakan suatu saluran yang terbuat dari protein sehingga ion dapat bergerakkeluar masuk sel menuruni gradien elektrokimianya. Berdasarkan sifat selektifitasnyakanal ionmiokardiumdapat dibagi menjadi kanal ion natrium, kanal ion kalsium dan kanal ion kalium. Ketigakanal ion tersebut memiliki peran masing-masing dalam pembentukan potensial aksi padamiokardium. Mutasi pada gen pembentuk kanal ion tersebut menyebabkan gangguan fungsi pada kanal ion miokardium, suatu keadaan yang dinamakan Channelopathy bawaan. Gangguan fungsi inimenyebabkan kelistrikan jantung tidak berjalan dengan baik dan dapat mengakibatkan kematianmendadak. Kata kunci: Kanal ion, Potensial aksi, ChannelopathyAbstractMyocardial ion channel is a channel that allow ions to in or out of the cell follow theirelectrochemical gradient. Myocardial ion channel can be divided according their selectivity, into: sodium, calcium and potassium ion channel. This channel shape action potential in cardiac muscle. Mutation in genes that encoding this ion channel (Inherited Channelopathy) can cause disruption in heart electrical activity and eventually can cause sudden cardiac death.Key words: Ion channel, Action potential, ChannelopathyÂ
Penggunaan Insulin untuk Pasien Diabetes Melitus dari Generasi ke Generasi
Authors: Sinoputro Diporapdwijoyo , Putri Felicia Rezkhi , Jomeiputri Givela Harsono , Simbolon Lia Angelina , Priscilla Maria , Limbong Novy Triandani , Binti Ismail Nurul Aisyah , Yolanda Rebecca , . Sumindah , Asteria Sylvia , Hudyono Johannes
Published: February 2025

AbstrakDiabetes melitus adalah suatu penyakit kronik metabolik atau kondisi dimana terjadi peningkatan glukosa darah karena gangguan sekresi, atau resistensi hormon insulin ataupun keduanya, yang umumnya diterapi dengan Obat Hipoglikemik Oral (OHO) dan bila tidak tercapai target terapinya, harus di tambah injeksi insulin. Insulin pertama kali ditemukan pada tahun 1923. Pada awal mulanya, generasi insulin yang digunakan menggunakan insulin hewan seperti anjing, sapi, dan babi. Kemudian generasi tersebut digantikan dengan generasi insulin manusia dan generasi analog insulin. Semakin berkembangnya teknologi, insulin pun memiliki banyak jenis dan cara pemakaian yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan pasien. Secara umum, insulin berperan dalam penggunaan glukosa oleh sel tubuh untuk pembentukan energi. Hal ini dapat mengkompensasi fungsi sel beta pankreas. Insulin juga memiliki efek lain yang menguntungkan dalam kaitannya dengan komplikasi diabetes mellitus. Indikasi, kontraindikasi serta efek samping insulin perlu diperhatikan dalam penggunaan insulin ini.Â Kata kunci: diabetes melitus, generasi insulin.Â Â AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease or a condition where there is an increase glucose in the blood, usually due to impaired secretion or resistence of the insulin hormone or both, that generally treated with oral hypoglycemic agents and if not achieved the target of the therapy, insulin injection should be added. Insulin was first discovered in 1923. In the beginning, the generation of insulin used to use insulin animals such as dogs, cows, and pigs. Later generations are replaced by generation of human insulin and insulin analogues generation. In this period, insulin having many kinds and method of application adapted to the needs of patients. Normally, insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that allows our body to use glucose from carbohydrates in the food for source of energy. Therefore insulin can compensate the function of pancreatic beta cells. Insulin have other benefit effects in overcoming the complication of diabetes mellitus. Indications, contraindications and side effects of insulin need atention for their use. Â Keywords: diabetes mellitus, generation of insulin.
Peran Problem Based Learning dalam Proses Belajar Mengajar
Authors: S Mirza Indrajanti
Published: February 2025

AbstrakÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Problem based learning (PBL) adalah metoda pembelajaran berbasis masalah yang dilakukan dalam diskusi kelompok kecil. Masalah diutarakan dalam skenario yang memicu mahasiswa untuk berpikir kritis dan mencari informasi yang relevan. Jadi PBL bukan tentang pemecahan masalah tetapi menggunakan masalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pengertian. Ada berbagai teori pembelajaran yaitu teori kognitif, behavioristik, dan konstruktivistik.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Kegiatan pada PBL adalah berupa kelompok yang terdiri atas 8 â€“ 10 orang mahasiswa, satu tutor. Peran tutor adalah memfasilitasi interaksi. Mahasiswa memilih ketua kelompok PBL dan sekretaris untuk mencatat diskusi. Flip chart atau whiteboard digunakan untuk catatan laporan diskusi. Tutorial PBL sudah dilakukan dengan Maastricht â€œseven jumpâ€ process (proses tujuh langkah Maastricht).Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Pada PBL perkembangan staf sangat penting yaitu setiap dosen harus memelajari skenario dengan baik, supaya pada saat PBL mereka dapat menjadi fasilitator yang baik. Peran tutor atau fasilitator pada saat tutorial adalah dapat memfasilitasi dengan baik sehingga terjadi diskusi kelompok yang dinamis.Â Kata kunci: : Problem based learning (PBL), teori pembelajaran kognitif, behavioristik dan konstruktivistik, Maastricht â€œseven jumpâ€ process.Â AbstractÂ Â Â Â Â Â  Problem based learning (PBL) is a learning method in small discussion. The problem is expressed in scenario that triggers the student to be critical thinking, seeking relevant information. PBL is not a problem solving but using the problem to increase knowledge and understanding. There is several learning theory that is cognitive, behaviorist, and constructivist theory.Â Â Â Â  PBL activities are group consist of 8â€“10 students, one tutor. Tutorâ€™s role is much more to facilitate interaction. Students choose a leader and secretary for making discussion record. Flipchart and whiteboard are used for discussion report record. PBL tutorial has been done with Maastricht â€œseven jumpâ€process.Â Â Â Â Â  Staff development is very important in PBL. Every lecturer has to learn scenario very well so that they can be a good facilitator in PBL. Tutor or facilitatorâ€™s role at tutorial is to facilitate very well so the group in discussion can be dynamic.Â Key words: Problem based learning (PBL), cognitive, behaviorist, constructivist theory, Maastricht â€œseven jumpâ€ processÂ  Â
Depresi pada Lansia yang Menjadi Caregiver Pasien Pasca-Stroke
Authors: Tania Elly
Published: February 2025

AbstrakDepresi sering timbul pada caregiver sebagai seseorang yang merupakan anggota keluarga (pasangan, anak, kakak, adik), tetangga, atau teman baik yang merawat orang yang mengalami penyakit mental atau fisik lainnya (seperti stroke, parkinson, kanker, subaracnoid hemorrhagic,dan sebagainya). Beban caregiver terjadi bila telah mengidap penyakit, disabilitas, dan ketergantungan terhadap orang. Beban yang dirasakan meliputi efek dalam kehidupan pribadi dan sosial, beban psikologis, perasaan bersalah (misal tidak dapat merawat dengan baik), harus menyita waktu, energi, uang, tugas yang tidak menyenangkan, serta melelahkan secara fisik. Beban psikologis yang dirasakan oleh caregiver antara lain rasa malu, marah, tegang, tertekan, dan lelah. Seiring dengan berjalannya waktu, caregiver (pasangan) juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor hormonal (menopause) dan kondisi kesehatan fisik yang berdampingan dengan tekanan psikologis, dan perubahan peran sosial di usia lanjut. Kompleks interaksi biologis dan psikososial ini memengaruhi kerentanan untuk timbulnya depresi selama periode ini.Â Kata kunci : Depresi, Lansia, Caregiver pasien pasca-stroke Â Â Abstract Depression often arise in caregiver as a person who is a family member (spouse, child, brother, sister), a neighbor, or a good friend who treat people with mental illness or other physical (such as stroke, Parkinson's, cancer, subaracnoid hemorrhagic, and so on). Caregiver burden occurs when it has suffered illness, disability, and dependence on people. Perceived burden include the effect of personal and social life, the psychological burden, guilt (eg, unable to care properly), must seize the time, energy, money, unpleasant task, as well as physically exhausting. Psychological burden felt by caregivers, among others, shame, anger, tension, depressed, and tired. Over time, caregiver (partner) is also influenced by hormonal factors (menopause) and physical health conditions that coexist with psychological pressure, and changes in social roles in old age. The complex interaction of biological and psychosocial influences susceptibility to the onset of depression during this period.Â Keywords: Depression, Elderly, Caregiver in patients with post-stroke