bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composite thrips, microcephalothrips abdominalis (Crawford, 1910) (Insecta: Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: Khan Rafia , Seal Dak
Published: May 2020

Microcephalothrips abdominalis (Crawford 1910) (Figure 1) belongs to the order Thysanoptera and the family Thripidae with members commonly known as thrips. Thrips are small, slender-bodied insects with fringed wings, inhabiting diverse ecological niches. Thrips are often cryptic in nature. Microcephalothrips abdominalis prefers to feed on plants in the composite family and therefore is commonly known as composite thrips. Flowers of this family are generally composed of a disk with a ray of petals extending at the rim of the disk. Some flower heads are composed only of a disk or a ray and could be in clusters in some species.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1232
Citrus Pest Quick Guide: Asian Citrus Psyllid
Authors: Diepenbrock Lauren M , Burrow Jamie D
Published: May 2020

A one-page quick guide written by and published by the Entomology and Nematology Department presents the life cycle of the Asian citrus psyllid and provides several photos of the pest and the damage it causes to assist in identification.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1271
Asian Giant Hornet Vespa mandarinia Smith (1852) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
Authors: Gill Caitlin , Jack Cameron , Lucky Andrea
Published: May 2020

Vespa mandarinia Smith, commonly called the Asian giant hornet, is the largest hornet in the world. Its size and distinctive markings make it easily distinguishable from other Asian hornet species. Not only is the wasp occasionally life-threatening to humans, it can decimate a number of insect colonies, most notably wild and farmed honey bees. Vespa mandarinia is native to Japan and occurs in several countries in Asia. The first Vespa madarinia hornet detected in the United States was in Washington State in 2019. This 5-page fact sheet written by Caitlin Gill, Cameron Jack, and Andrea Lucky and published by the UF/IFAS Entomology and Nematology Department describes the hornet, its biology, its predatory strategies, and its medical significance. The fact sheet also provides some strategies for management of this dangerous and destructive hornet.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1281
Sustainability Assessment of Fruit and Nut Crops in North Florida and North Central Florida
Authors: Andersen Peter , Athearn Kevin R. , Sarkhosh Ali , Williamson Jeffrey G. , Olmstead Mercy
Published: May 2020

Revised! HS765, a 16-page illustrated article by Peter C. Andersen, Kevin R. Athearn, Ali Sarkhosh, Mercy A. Olmstead, and Jeffrey G. Williamson, summarizes the degree of adaptation of deciduous fruit and nut species in Florida and identifies cultivars that are recommended for trial in various locations in Florida. Includes references. Originally published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, November 2000. Revised February 2020.
Non-Fumigant Nematicides Registered for Vegetable Crop
Authors: Watson T. T. , Desaeger Johan
Published: May 2020

Non-fumigant nematicides are formulated as liquids or granules that are moved through the soil by water. This 4-page fact sheet written by T. T. Watson and J. A. Desaeger and published by the UF/IFAS Entomology and Nematology Department is a major revision. It was first published in 1999 and most recently revised in April 2019. The fact sheet lists and describes chemical and biological non-fumigant nematicides and provides some information about how these products work against nematode pests.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ng033
Tank-Mixing Pesticides without Disasters
Authors: Fishel Frederick M.
Published: May 2020

Tank-mixing several pesticides is a common practice in conducting pest control. Tank mixes can consist of much more than just pesticides, such as fertilizers, micronutrients, and adjuvants. However, applicators must be aware of potential problems given that there are so many potential combinations when combining these products. Manufacturers cannot possibly test for all of these combinations, so both chemical and physical incompatibility are a concern with the practice. This new 4-page document, written by Frederick M. Fishel and published by the UF/IFAS Pesticide Information Office, describes some common-sense practices to help overcome costly tank-mixing errors.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pi285
Citrus Greening (Huanglongbing; HLB) Blight and Tristeza Comparison Identification Sheet
Authors: Dewdney M. M. , Burrow J. D. , Diepenbrock L. M. , Brlansky R. H. , Spann T. M.
Published: May 2020

This Spanish/English document is a two-page illustrated identification sheet for Citrus Greening that includes a comparison chart for Citrus Greening, Blight and Tristeza.

This is a minor revision by L. M. Diepenbrock, originally published April 2009.
Common Strawberry Diseases in Florida
Authors: Oliveira Michelle S. , Peres Natalia A
Published: May 2020

This publication describes symptoms of most common strawberry diseases in Florida and summarizes the efficacy of fungicides labeled for management of such diseases.
Nutrition of Florida Citrus Trees, Third Edition
Authors: Kadyampakeni Davie Mayeso , Morgan Kelly T.
Published: May 2020

This update to 2007's second edition adds information regarding nutrition of Florida citrus trees affected by huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening. Much of the guidance provided in this document on nutrients, application methods, leaf and soil sampling, and irrigation scheduling is also effective for trees affected by HLB. However, research conducted since the previous edition was published has established changes in many production practices, including nutrient rates, irrigation scheduling, soil pH management, and use of Citrus Under Protective Screen (CUPS). Changes to the second edition will appear at the beginning of chapters 2, 6, 8, 9, and 11. See also this topic page for links to individual chapters in HTML and PDF formats. This 115-page book was edited by Kelly T. Morgan and Davie M. Kadyampakeni, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences.
Nutrition of Florida Citrus Trees, 3rd Edition: Chapter 1. Introduction
Authors: Obreza Thomas A. , Morgan Kelly T
Published: May 2020

The information provided in the 2008 2nd edition is still sound for healthy citrus trees under Florida production conditions. Much of the information provided in this document on nutrients, application methods, leaf and soil sampling and irrigation scheduling are also effective for huanglongbing (HLB) affected citrus trees. However, research conducted since HLB was detected in Florida in 2005 has established changes in many production practices, including nutrient rates, irrigation scheduling, soil pH management, and use of Citrus Under Protective Screen (CUPS). Changes to the 2nd edition of SL253 will appear in boxes similar to this one at the beginnings of chapters 2, 6, 8, 9, and 11.
Mammalian Carnivores of Florida
Authors: Boughton Raoul K , Wight Bethany Rose , Pienaar Elizabeth , Main Martin B
Published: May 2020

Florida is home to several species of animals in Order Carnivora, a group of mammals with teeth adapted to allow them to eat meat. Many of them, like panthers, you probably know about, and some, like raccoons, you may see regularly. But did you know Florida hosts two separate species of foxes? Two different skunks? Weasels? This 20-page fact sheet written by Raoul Boughton, Bethany Wight, Elizabeth Pienaar, and Martin B. Main and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation provides an overview of the mammalian carnivores of Florida from panthers to mink.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/uw464
Floridians’ Engagement in Landscape Best Practices to Protect Water Resources: Information from a 2018 Survey
Authors: Warner Laura A. Sanagorski , Momol Esen , Lewis Claire , Wichman Tom , Wilber Wendy , Reisinger A.J.
Published: May 2020

Extension programs are most effective when informed by a deep understanding of the target audience. To guide programs in Florida’s managed landscapes, especially pertaining to water quality and conservation, faculty from the UF/IFAS Center for Landscape Conservation and Ecology conduct an annual statewide survey. The survey gathers data that includes common landscape elements, neighborhood characteristics, engagement in irrigation and fertilizer best practices, and learning preferences. This new 5-page publication of the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication presents highlights from the 2018 statewide survey with recommendations for how to use the information. Written by Laura A. Warner, Esen Momol, Claire Lewis, Tom Wichman, Wendy Wilber, and A. J. Reisinger. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wc345
Applying Culturally Relevant Teaching to Workshops—The Checklist
Authors: Suarez Cecilia E , Diaz John M , Valencia Laura E
Published: May 2020

As the diversity of Extension clientele continues to grow, Extension educators must consider new ways of supporting this population. In this new 2-page article, a follow-up to EDIS article AEC678, Culturally Responsive Teaching: A Framework for Educating Diverse Audience, the authors provide a checklist to serve as a guiding tool when planning workshops and to ensure that participants feel connected to, engaged with, and understood while working toward achieving workshop educational goals. Written by Cecilia E. Suarez, John M. Diaz, and Laura E. Valencia, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wc351
Navigating the Unprecedented: Leading Remotely Unexpectedly
Authors: Sowcik Matthew , Stein Megan
Published: May 2020

Leaders tend to have a set of assumptions or ideas about how to do their job. As the world moves quickly to social distancing and remote work, leaders rely on their assumptions to navigate this new landscape. Different frames of reference can act as a road map allowing leaders to take the first steps into the unknown. This new 4-page article utilizes these Bolman and Deal's four frames addressing different aspects of leadership to provide best practices for leading in a remote work environment. Written by Matthew Sowcik and Megan Stein, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wc354
Yeo Kiat Seng
Authors: Yeo Kiat Seng
Published: May 2020

Professor Yeo Kiat Seng received the B.Eng. (EE) in 1993, and Ph.D. (EE) in 1996 both from Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore. Currently, he is Associate Provost (Research and International Relations), Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD). Yeo is a widely known authority in low-power RF/mm-wave IC design and a recognized expert in CMOS technology. He was a Member of Board of Advisors of the Singapore Semiconductor Industry Association. Before his appointment at SUTD, Yeo was Associate Chair (Research), Head of Division of Circuits and Systems, Sub-Dean (Student Affairs) and Founding Director of VIRTUS of the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at NTU. He has published 9 books, 7 book chapters, over 600 international top-tier refereed journals and conference papers and holds 38 patents. In addition, Yeo holds/held key positions in many international conferences as Advisor, General Chair, Co-General Chair and Technical Chair. In 2009, Yeo was awarded the Public Administration Medal (Bronze) on National Day 2009 by the President of the Republic of Singapore and the Nanyang Alumni Achievement Award by NTU for his outstanding contributions to the university and society. Yeo is an IEEE Fellow for his contributions to low-power integrated circuit design.
Psödosarkomatöz Bir Antite Olarak Sellüler Schwannoma: Ayırıcı Tanıda Potansiyel Bir Tuzak
Authors: KANTARCIOĞLU COŞKUN Sinem , SAYAR Ayşe , AVCI Özlem , YALÇINKAYA Ulviye , SUNGUR Mehmet Ali
Published: May 2020

Klasik schwannomalar periferik sinir kılıfından köken alan iyi sınırlı benign tümörlerdir. Tüm schwannomaların yaklaşık %5 kadarını sellüler schwannomlar (SS) oluşturur. Fasiküler patern, yüksek sellülarite ve mitotik aktivite varlığı bazı vakalarda yanlış değerlendirme sonucu malign olarak tanı alabilir. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi ve Düzce Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Patoloji Laboratuarı arşivlerindeki 16 SS olgusu yeniden değerlendirildi. En sık görülen yerleşim yeri paravertebral/paraspinöz bölge olup bunu mediasten, ekstremiteler, gövde, adrenal bez ve dil takip ediyordu. İmmünohistokimyasal boyama uygulanan 15 vakanın tamamında S100 ile kuvvetli pozitivite görüldü. Ki 67 ile boyanma düşük-orta seviyelerde olup sellüler alanlarda %25’e varan ki 67 proliferasyon indeksi mevcuttu. SS tanısı bazen zorlayıcı olabilir ve histopatolojik özelliklerinin bilinmesi olası yanlış tanı ve gereksiz tedavileri önlemek açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada iki merkezin arşivlerindeki SS olgularının klinikopatolojik özelliklerinin incelenmesi ve literatür ile karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Evaluating the thermal effect on the rheological properties of waste vegetable oil biodiesel modified bentonite drilling muds using Vipulanandan model
Authors: TCHAMENI ALAIN P. , ZHAO LIN , RIBEIRO JOSEPH X. F. , LI TING
Published: May 2020

In this investigation, the effects of the temperature on the flow characteristics of waste vegetable oil biodiesel modified bentonite drilling mud were quantified. The biodiesel contents in the drilling muds are varied from 0 to 9% of the volume of the water in order to reduce the yield point and upper shear stress limit produced by the mud during drilling activities under simulated thermal condition ranging from 28°C to 180°C. The results revealed that the bentonite drilling mud loaded with 6 vol.% waste vegetable oil biodiesel demonstrates fairly favorable rheological properties compared to others when exposed to similar heat treatment. Moreover, the rheological behavior of biodiesel-free bentonite mud and samples loaded with biodiesel were quantified using the Vipulanandan model and compared with others existing models used in the industry such as: Bingham plastic model and Herschel-Bulkley model. It was observed that the Vipulanandan model predicts satisfactorily the shear thinning relationship between the shear stress and shear strain rate of the modified bentonite drilling muds. Furthermore, by using the Vipulanandan model, the maximum shear stress values for 0%, 3%, 6% and 9% biodiesel content at 28°C are found to be 63.67 Pa, 84.54 Pa, 84.64 Pa and 85.02 Pa, respectively. When exposed to heat treatment at 180°C, the maximum shear stress values recorded for 0%, 3%, 6% and 9% are 53.18 Pa, 67.39 Pa, 64.52 Pa and 72.70 Pa, respectively, which represent a reduction of 14% to 16% in the upper shear stress limit.
Author Index of Volume 47 (2018)
Published: May 2020

Author Index for Volume 47, (2018)
Number in parantheses indicates the corresponding issue.
Densities and electrochemical potential window of the BaCl2-NaCl-NaF-AlF3 electrolyte
Authors: LAURINAVICHYUTE VERONIKA KESTOUTCHE , PUGOLOVKIN LEONID VITAL’EVICH , LEVIN EDUARD EVGEN’EVICH , SIMAKOV DMITRY ALEXANDROVICH
Published: May 2020

The effect of melt composition (BaCl2-NaCl-NaF-AlF3) on its density, resistivity and redox potentials of the main electrode processes is reported. A three-factor two-level experimental design was used to study the effects of cryolite ratio (1.1-1.6) and BaCl2 (0-60wt%) or NaCl (0-10wt%) content on the melt density. The obtained equation satisfactorily describes the measured melt densities. The observed non-linear behavior of melt density with BaCl2 additions is assigned to the formation of BaClF complex. Unlike BaCl2, additions of 0-10 wt% NaCl have little effect on the melt density, however, affect the melt conductivity significantly.
The ISM equation of state for nano-fluids: the quantum effects analysis and volumetric properties assessment of the systems
Authors: KIANI MASOUMEH
Published: May 2020

In this study, the density of nanoparticles, nanofluids containing a base fluid and nanofluids containing a mixture of two base fluids in the compressive range of 0.1-45 MPa and a temperature range of 273-363 K were calculated and predicted. The equation of state used in this work is the Ihm-Sang-Mason equation of state. According to the quantum properties of nanoparticles, a part of quantum correction was used to calculate the second virial coefficient. The potential function of Morse three-parameters was used which is more flexible than the usual potential functions of two-parameters such as Lenard Jones 12-6.
Paisajes del progreso: facetas del crecimiento económico y desarrollo en las políticas de vivienda subsidiada en Santiago y Valparaíso (1990-2016)
Authors: Hidalgo Dattwyler Rodrigo , Alvarado Peterson Voltaire , Rodríguez Negrete Laura , Paulsen Bilbao Abraham
Published: May 2020

El énfasis social que tienen en Chile los conceptos de desarrollo y crecimiento económico esconde las heridas de un exitoso modelo de producción-reproducción de la vivienda subsidiada, como vehículo efectivo en la superación del déficit de calidad urbana. A partir de los casos metropolitanos de Santiago y Valparaíso, el manuscrito propone discutir ambas categorías —desarrollo y crecimiento económico—, teniendo en cuenta para ello el paisaje resultante del progreso obtenido de las iniciativas público-privadas en la materia. Estas iniciativas basan parte de su fuerza en el énfasis político por generar una sostenibilidad espacial de las áreas intervenidas. Esto último, con el fin de alivianar, al menos en el discurso, los déficits propios que caracterizan, en materia de equipamientos, a los conjuntos de vivienda subsidiados. De esta forma otorgan la provisión, no solo de los mínimos estándares de bienes y servicios de calidad, sino que aseguran acceso efectivo y bienestar para la población de las más variadas clases sociales. Con la aplicación de la estimación de densidad de Kernel, se pone a prueba el vigor de la presencia que tienen los servicios públicos —salud y educación— y privados, como el comercio en dichos lugares, dentro del paisaje residencial subsidiado. Siendo este aspecto discutido y proyectado hacia el final del trabajo.
Where Claxton Falls Short
Authors: Savage Joshua
Published: May 2020

Guy Claxton suggests that post-Industrial Revolution westerners are consumption addicts and argues that we must embrace a more frugal and environmentally considerate lifestyle. However, I argue that Claxton’s analysis and solution to consumption addiction does not penetrate far enough. Through Warren’s ecofeminist reasoning and Heidegger’s notion of technology, I show that the anthropocentric assumption inherent in western consumption engenders a destructive and oppressive worldview by creating the illusion that we are justified in subordinating non-human entities.
The Foundations of Knowledge in Aristotle and Epicurus
Authors: Dempster Wesley C.
Published: May 2020

As early proponents of foundationalism, Aristotle and Epicurus share the view that all knowledge rests on indubitable foundations. For Aristotle, these foundations are intellectual first principles. But for Epicurus, sense perception is basic. If certainty is the criterion of knowledge, then, despite their different approaches, neither philosopher succeeds in providing a mechanism sufficient to certify knowledge claims. For the foundationalist wishing to avoid nihilism, therefore, Aristotle’s and Epicurus’ failures are instructive.
The Politics of Epistemology
Authors: Reed Cassandra
Published: May 2020

This paper focuses on the metaphysical and conceptual structures of reality organization that exist currently in western culture. Taking a feminist perspective, this paper analyzes how some disfavored social groups actively have their identities manipulated and sometimes conceptually erased from the dominant conceptual scheme. Utilizing this analysis, it is concluded that this conceptual scheme perpetuates oppression; therefore, maintained loyalty to it is incompatible with the belief that all people should be treated as full persons.
Synthetic Biology and Natural Kinds
Authors: Hazelwood Caleb
Published: May 2020

In the life sciences, biologists and philosophers lack a unifying concept of species—one that will reconcile intuitive demarcations of taxa with the fluidity of phenotypes found in nature. One such attempt at solving this “species problem” is known as Homeostatic Property Cluster theory (HPC), which suggests that species are not defined by singular essences, but by clusters of properties that a species tends to possess. I contend that the arbitrary nature of HPC’s kind criteria would permit a biological brand of functionalism to inform species boundaries, thereby validating synthetic organisms as members of a species that do not belong
Making Sense of Epicurean Friendship
Authors: Perri Janice
Published: May 2020

This paper argues that Epicurean friendship is instrumental in value, and Epicurus’s varied claims about friendship can be understood as teaching strategies that are tailored to different levels of students. After rejecting an argument that presents Epicurean friendship as intrinsic, I outline Epicurus’s methodology of teaching and examine his specific claims regarding friendship as intended for either novice, intermediate, or advanced students. This approach allows Epicurus’s weaker and stronger claims regarding friendship to be viewed as gradually progressing students towards the good life without deviating from the ethical hedonism that frames his entire philosophical project.
The Philosopher's Role
Authors: McIntosh Benjamin , Shafer-Landau Russ
Published: May 2020

Article published in Stance by McIntosh and Shafer-Landau.
Ideal Cognition
Authors: Kennedy Kate
Published: May 2020

Both the nature and aim of human cognition are philosophically divisive topics. On one side, there are the evidentialists who believe that the sole purpose of cognition is to seek and find truths. In contrast, pragmatists appeal to cognition solely as a tool, something that helps people achieve their goals. In this paper, I put forward an account of cognition and its aims fundamentally based on a pragmatic viewpoint.Crucially, however, I claim that an evolutionary pragmatic picture of cognition must assert rationality as a core tenant of human thought, mooring a relative pragmatism within a system logic and rationality.
Double Consciousness in Today's Black America
Authors: Walker L.E.
Published: May 2020

In The Souls of Black Folk, W.E.B. Du Bois introduces double consciousness as a result of racial prejudice and oppression. Explained as a state of confliction felt by black Americans, Du Bois presents double consciousness as integral to understanding the black experience. Later philosophers question the importance of double consciousness to current race discussions, but this paper contends that double consciousness provides valuable insights into black and white relations. To do this, I will utilize the modern slang term, “Oreo,” to highlight how a perceived incompatibility between blacks and whites could prevent America from achieving a greater unity.
Freeing Mysticism
Authors: Cooney John
Published: May 2020

With the growth of epistemology, an important debate in philosophy of religion has arisen: can mystical encounters—purported feelings of intense unity with the divine—serve as epistemic warrants? In this paper, I examine two of the most prominent and promising standards by which to determine the veridicality of such encounters—those of William Alston and Richard Swinburne—and demonstrate their respective strengths and shortcomings. Considering these shortcomings, I compose and defend my own set of criteria to use in evaluating the veridicality of putative mystical experiences which draws upon the subject’s religious tradition, rationality, and affectivity.
The Skeptic's Guide to the Genealogy
Authors: Holvey Benjamin
Published: May 2020

This paper seeks to evaluate Nietzsche’s positive ethical vision through a focus on the plausibility of his moral-historical account as it appears in On the Genealogy of Morals. It is then argued that Nietzsche’s account of the “slave revolt in morality” contains shortcomings that necessitate further inquiry into Nietzsche’s consequent ethical vision. Furthermore, the paper goes on to demonstrate that if a proper historical context for the “slave revolt in morality” cannot be identified, or if it cannot be shown that Nietzsche’s ethical vision can stand without such a context, then a neo-Nietzschean ethic must be set aside.
Visualizing a Critical Mixed-Race Theory
Authors: Valentine Desiree
Published: May 2020

In this paper, questions regarding the cultural understanding of mixed race are explored, which have the ability to complicate the accepted portrayal of race in society as a black/white binary system. Thus, the acknowledgement of something other than this binary system offers new ways of theorizing about race, particularly concerning the sociopolitical implications of mixed-race designation. This paper argues that the visually mixed-race person has a certain direct ability to challenge the binary and its racist logic. Furthermore, this paper goes on to offer a unique interpretation of where power for working against a racially oppressive system lies within critical mixed-race theory.
What (Doesn't) Make an Heroic Act?
Authors: Payton Jonathan
Published: May 2020

This paper focuses on the nature of saintly or heroic acts, which, according to J.O. Urmson, exist as a fourth, less traditional category of moral actions. According to this division, heroic acts are those, which have positive moral value, but cannot be demanded of an individual as their duty; however, this paper argues that Urmson is mistaken in his claim that a consequentialist ethical framework is the most capable of accounting for heroic acts. Furthermore, this paper claims that an Aristotelian account is the most appropriate ethical theory to consider, which could better countenance the existence of heroic acts.
Morality with an Accent
Authors: Romney Douglas
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the difficulties inherent in the debate between moral nativists and antinativists, who differ in their beliefs on the nature of systems of morality, are shown to exemplify the need for philosophers to support their views with empirical data. Furthermore, it proposes that an empirical study of first-generation immigrant populations has the potential to resolve the debate over moral nativism, as it would allow researchers to observe the moral “critical period.” Based on the recent philosophical advances made through experimental evidence, this paper goes on to argue that empirical data is a valuable source of information from which philosophers ought to draw.
A Doctor and a Scholar
Authors: Ross Ronald
Published: May 2020

Too often critics ignore the philosophic significance of Eryximachus, the physician from Plato’s Symposium, and mistakenly dismiss Eryximachus’ presence in the text. However, this paper argues that a review of the role of medicine in the Platonic dialogues, coupled with a close reading of the Symposium’s structure and language reveals how the physician’s emphasis on love as a harmonizing force is analogous to Socrates’ emphasis on balance and harmony throughout the dialogues. Also, the description of the good physician is reflective of the way a good philosopher operates. By employing the medical trope, Eryximachus’ speech allows the reader greater insight into Platonic philosophy.
Weighing Solutions to the Lottery Puzzle
Authors: Bowker Mark
Published: May 2020

The lottery puzzle can elicit strong intuitions in favour of skepticism, according to which we ordinary language-users speak falsely about knowledge with shocking regularity. Various contextualist and invariantist responses to the puzzle attempt to avoid this unwelcome result and preserve the competence of ordinary speakers. I will argue that these solutions can be successful only if they respect intuitions of a certain kind, and proceed to judge competing solutions by this criterion.
A Substantive Revision to Firth's Ideal Observer Theory
Authors: Rankin Nancy
Published: May 2020

This paper examines Ideal Observer Theory and uses criticisms of it to lay the foundation for a revised theory first suggested by Jonathan Harrison called Ideal Moral Reaction Theory. Harrison’s Ideal Moral Reaction Theory stipulates that the being producing an ideal moral reaction be dispassionate. This paper argues for the opposite: an Ideal Moral Reaction must be performed by a passionate being because it provides motivation for action and places ethical decision-making within human grasp.
Possibility, Novelty, and Creativity
Authors: Haitos Alex
Published: May 2020

I am trying to develop an account of possibility that is consistent with the changing world of our experience. Possibility is often viewed as something that has the same form as actuality, minus existence. Or it is taken that what a possibility is, is a (re)combination of the elements of actuality. Neither of these views of possibility can countenance radical novelty. Using Bergson and Whitehead, I begin to construct an account of possibility compatible with genuine novelty.
The Piety of Escape
Authors: Shannon Phillip
Published: May 2020

This paper examines two seemingly contradictory views of piety found in Plato’s Euthyphro and Crito. Using the Socratic dialogues for evidence of what Socrates actually believed and to piece together a Socratic account of piety, it seems that his argument in favor of remaining in prison is inconsistent with his own beliefs. The paper concludes that Socrates ought not to have thought it was impious to escape from prison.
Elegy to Narcissus
Authors: Antich Peter
Published: May 2020

This poem is a musing on the thought of Heraclitus. The central opposition I reflect from Heraclitus’ fragments is sleep and wakefulness. This opposition is encountered throughout the fragments as the opposition between life and death, vision and darkness, and wisdom and ignorance.
Science
Authors: Anor Kristianne C.
Published: May 2020

Thomas Kuhn argues that scientific advancements sometimes involve paradigm shifts between incommunsurable theories, thoughts, and concepts. I argue that the phenomenon Kuhn is attempting to describe is better explained as akin to a greatest integer function of punctuated equilibrium. I conclude that Kuhn is mistaken in thinking that science is an actively vigorous, cumulative discipline.
Understanding Thomas Reid
Authors: Allen Garrett
Published: May 2020

Thomas Reid offers a powerful challenge to Hume and his skeptical system. In “Thomas Reid on Epistemic Principles,” William Alston gives an explanation of that challenge and concludes in favor of a Reidian-inspired thesis. I argue, however, that Alston’s thesis is a diluted version of Reid’s radical position, one that Reid’s principles cannot accommodate. Thus, I conclude that, because Alston’s position is not available, we are left with Reid’s radical thesis, with which we are rightly uncomfortable.
The Principle of Implicit Ignorance
Authors: Curtsmith Phillip
Published: May 2020

The following is a foundationalist exercise based upon a single observation or postulate distinguishing one’s knowledge of information versus one’s knowledge of one’s former unknowing of that information. This postulate is titled the “principle of implicit ignorance.” Utilizing this postulate, several theorems are constructed including the equivalence to Hume’s thesis regarding the absence of knowledge of a necessary connection. The postulate is then negated, demonstrating equivalence to Kant’s thesis regarding the presence of synthetic a priori statements. The final result is a single general epistemic postulate that brokers between the two respective positions. Because both systems are the result of this general principle, rejecting the results of one system necessarily forces one into the contrary position.
The Truth of the Matter
Authors: Sawaya Vincent
Published: May 2020

With the rise of state sponsored standardized testing and curriculum alignment, it is important to consider the impact such practices may have on educational aims. In this paper, I argue that critical thinking ought to be the principle aim in every educational pursuit, and that practices such as “teaching to the test” may be detrimental to its development. I maintain these claims with a discussion of the philosophical works of Harvey Siegel, Israel Scheffler, and John Dewey. Operating from their definitions of critical thinking, rationality, and education respectively, I offer support for my conclusion based on one’s ability to challenge the soundness of claims, and the revisional quality of true belief. The issue of critical thinking as general or subject specific is also addressed. Using Siegel’s notion of a critical spirit, I propose that a universal quality of critical thinking lies in its normative as opposed to technical aspects.
To Gay, or Not To Gay
Authors: Bellamy Debra
Published: May 2020

This work examines the structure of discourses on homosexuality, taking the nature-versus-nurture question as a case study, in order to display the incoherency that results from taking such questions for granted. This paper critically explores the alleged neutrality and objectivity of discourses on sexuality, and within this exploration, a breakdown of the categories of sexuality, sex, gender, and nature occurs. What is shown is that the breakdown of these categories renders the nature-versus-nurture Question itself quite questionable
Revising the Principle of Alternate Possibilities
Authors: Siegel Max
Published: May 2020

This paper examines the position in moral philosophy that Harry Frankfurt calls the Principle of Alternate Possibilities (PAP). The paper first describes the principle as articulated by A.J. Ayer. Subsequently, the paper examines Frankfurt’s critique and proposed revision of the principle and argues that Frankfurt’s proposal relies on an excessively simplistic account of practical reasoning, which fails to account for the possibility of moral dilemmas. In response, the paper offers a further revision of PAP, which accounts for Frankfurt’s critique, moral dilemmas, and the challenge of causal determinism.
Ideological Domination: Deconstructing the Paradox of the American Dream and the Working Class Promise
Authors: Stoneman Betty
Published: May 2020

The “American Dream” and “Working Class Promise” ideologies are ubiquitously dispersed in American society. These ideologies posit values of equality and opportunity. In this paper, I deconstruct these two ideologies in order to examine the effects these ideologies have on income inequality, social inequality, and social immobility. I argue these ideologies create a paradox in society whereby the more theseideologies are believed, the more the ideologies exacerbate income inequality, social inequality, and social immobility.
A Defense of Form
Authors: Brown Nicholas
Published: May 2020

By applying the normative basis of Confucian ritual activity to the repeatable designs of internet memes, this essay explores the ways in which socially recognized forms can allow individuals to engage in thoughtful activity with what is represented by but cannot be reduced to form: the particulars of human experience. The goal of this insight is to suggest that the value of art and ideas cannot be isolated from how individuals interact with them, and thus critique should examine how well an idea or piece promotes an active, creative, and critical relationship to a person’s own experiences.
Resolving the Paradox of Fiction
Authors: Brinkerhoff Anna
Published: May 2020

In this paper, I examine the Paradox of Fiction: (1) in order for us to have genuine and rational emotional responses to a character or situation, we must believe that the character or situation is not purely fictional, (2) we believe that fictional characters and situations are purely fictional, and (3) we have genuine and rational emotional responses to fictional characters and situations. After defending (1) and (2) against formidable objections and considering the plausibility of ~(3) in isolation of (1) and (2), I conclude that we should resolve the Paradox of Fiction by rejecting (3).
The Insubstantial and Exclusionary Nature of Plato’s Aesthetic Theory
Authors: Alcock Nicholas James
Published: May 2020

In this paper, I argue that Plato’s conversance with art is insubstantial and exclusionary. Art warrants not only subjects in virtue of utility, morality, and pleasure, but also subjects in virtue of feeling, impression, spirituality, and art itself. I will begin by providing Plato’s view and then provide my threefold objection, utilizing examples from art history and the history of aesthetic theory.
Rethinking Philosophy and Race
Authors: Soto Arthur , Mills Charles
Published: May 2020

The Stance team spoke with Charles Mills, noted philosopher and John Evans Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy at Northwestern University whose work focuses on issues of social class, gender, and race, on December 1, 2014. Dr. Mills reviewed Stance’s transcription of the interview and made slight corrections for grammar, style, and reduction of repetition. He also inserted a sentence or two to add clarity. We hope readers find the result illuminating.
Scientific Minimalism and the Division of Moral Labor in Regulating Dual-Use Research
Authors: Dykstra Steven
Published: May 2020

: In this paper I examine the merits of a “division ofmoral labor” regulatory system for dual-use research. I borrow anargument from Thomas Douglas against scientific isolationism toshow that researchers must be morally responsible for resolvingat least some dual-use problems. I then argue that there are keybenefits of scientific isolationism that are preserved in a positionI call scientific minimalism. I then demonstrate that scientificminimalism, in a division of moral labor system, succeeds inmaximizing both scientific freedom and moral efficiency, which Ihold to be an essential aim for any proposed alternative regulatorymodel.
Moral Vegetarianism and the Philosophy of Mind
Authors: Oswald C.J.
Published: May 2020

Most arguments for moral vegetarianism rely on thepremise that non-human animals can suffer. In this paper I evaluateproblems that arise from Peter Carruthers’ Higher-Order Thoughttheory of consciousness. I argue that, even if we assume that theseproblems cannot be overcome, it does not follow that we should notsubscribe to moral vegetarianism. I conclude that we should act as ifnon-human animals have subjective experiences for moral reasons,even if we cannot be certain that they do.
NUGGET IKAN HIU (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) DENGAN VARIASI PENAMBAHAN JAMUR TIRAM (Pleurotus sp.)
Authors: Yannie Asrie Widanti Rizky Mahendra Nursanto, Akhmad Mustofa &
Published: May 2020

Nugget merupakan produk olahan makanan dalam bentuk beku yang mengalami pemasakan sampaisetengah masak (precooked), siap saji, serta telah berkembang di dunia dan diminati oleh masyarakat luas.Tekstur nugget pada dasarnya empuk khas daging serta tergantung pada bahan dasar pengisinya. Beberapapenelitian tentang nugget untuk membentuk tekstur yang disukai konsumen, nugget banyak disubtitusidengan banyak jenis ikan dan sayuran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui formulasi yang optimaldalam pembuatan nugget ikan hiu dengan penambahan jamur tiram terhadap karakteristik kimiawi danorganoleptiknya.Perlakuan yang diterapkan meliputi perbandingan ikan hiu: tepung terigu (105g:60g; 75g:90g; dan45g:120g) dan jamur tiram (Putih, Kuning, dan Coklat). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahanikan hiu dan jamur tiram berpengaruh nyata terhadap karakteristik kimia (karbohidrat, kadar abu, kadarair, kadar lemak, dan kadar protein). Hasil uji organoleptik dari nugget berbeda tidak nyata. Hasil penelitiandiperoleh kadar karbohidrat total (by difference) 29,97-57,42%, kadar air 27,7-59,31%, kadar abu 1,38-2,40%,kadar protein 6,13-24,31%, kadar lemak 0,06-0,08%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan terbaikadalah perlakuan ikan hiu : tepung terigu 105g : 60g dan jamur tiram putih yang menghasilkan nugget ikanhiu dengan kadar air 43,2%, kadar abu 1,85%, kadar protein 24,21%, kadar lemak 0,06%, kadar karbohidrat3,58%, rasa jamur (1,30), tekstur juicines (0,88), aroma ikan hiu (1,43), dan kesukaan keseluruhan (2,56).Kata kunci : Nugget, ikan hiu, tepung terigu, variasi jamur tiram.
PEMANFAATAN KARBON AKTIF UNTUK MENGURANGI CEMARAN FORMALIN PADA IKAN ASIN JAMBAL ROTI
Authors: Nurcahyani Erma Ayu , Karyantina Merkuria , Suhartatik Nanik
Published: May 2020

Ikan asin adalah metode untuk pengawetan makanan menggunakan kombinasi penggaraman dan pengeringan matahari. Di kalangan masyarakat, pembuatan ikan asin banyak menggunakan bahan kimia berbahaya seperti formalin. Penambahan bahan berbahaya mempengaruhi kualitas terutama keamanan. Makanan yang aman didefinisikan sebagai makanan yang terbebas dari cemaran biologi, kimia, mikrobiologi, yang dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan. Karbon aktif diduga bersifat polar yang mampu mengadsorpsi formalin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian karbon aktif dalam mengurangi cemaran formalin pada “jambal roti”. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan untuk percobaan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 2 faktorial, dengan faktor pertama yaitu konsentrasi karbon aktif 0, 3, dan 6% serta perlakuan kedua yaitu lama perebusan selama 5, 10, dan 15 menit. Penelitian ini dimulai dari pembuatan “jambal roti” dengan penambahan formalin dan perebusan dengan karbon aktif kemudian dianalisis uji kadar formalin, NaCl, protein, dan air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi karbon aktif dan lama perebusan memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan pada kualitas jambal roti. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi karbon aktif dan lama perebusan maka semakin berkurangnya kadar formalin pada jambal roti. Hasil terbaik penelitian ini adalah karbon aktif 6% dan lama perebusan 15 menit. Menghasilkan formalin 3.21 ppm, NaCl 9.40%, protein 42.00%, dan air 30.02%. Kata kunci: Karbon Aktif, Formalin, Jambal Roti, Lama Perebusan. ABSTRACT                 Salted fish was a method for food preservation using combination of salting and sun drying. Among the people, the manufacture of salted fish use hazardous chemical material such as formaldehyde. The addition of hazardous substances affects the quality especially the safety. Safe food define as food that free from biological, chemical, microbiological contaminants that can affect health. Active carbon suspected to be polar which able to adsorb formaldehyde. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of active carbon in reducing formaldehyde in salted fish “jambal roti”. The research used completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 factors, the first factor was the concentration of active carbon 0, 3, and 6% and the second was the boiling time (for 5, 10, and 15 min). This research was started from making “jambal roti” with the addition of formaldehyde and boiling with active carbon then analyzed for formaldehyde content, NaCl, protein, and moisture. The result showed that the concentration of active carbon and boiling time had a significant effect in quality salted fish “jambal roti”. The higher the concentration of active carbon and boiling time the more formaldehyde in “jambal roti” were removed. The best results of the research was 6% active carbon and 15 min of boiling time. Resulting 3.21 ppm of formaldehyde, 9.40% of NaCl, 42.00% of protein, and 30.02% of moisture. Keywords: Active Carbon, Formaldehyde, Jambal Roti, Boiling Time
KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA, FISIKA, DAN SENSORI ES KRIM BUAH BIT (Beta vulgaris L.) DENGAN PERBEDAAN JENIS GULA
Authors: Nur Hasanah Anggi Aswinda , Mustofa Akhmad , Widanti Yannie Asrie
Published: May 2020

Es krim adalah produk pangan beku yang dibuat dengan kombinasi proses pembekuan dan agitasi dengan bahan-bahan yang terdiri dari susu, pemanis, pengemulsi, penstabil dan flavor. Penambahan buah bit dan berbagai jenis gula dapat meningkatkan nilai gizi es krim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan yang tertinggi pada produk dan mengetahui karakteristik kimia, fisika, dan sensori es krim buah bit. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan menggunakan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah bubur buah bit (20%, 30%, dan 40%) dan faktor kedua yaitu jenis gula (gula pasir, gula stevia, dan madu). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  perlakuan es krim yang terbaik diperoleh berdasarkan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi es krim yaitu pada perlakuan bubur buah bit 40% dan jenis gula berupa madu. Pada perlakuan tersebut memiliki karakteristik: aktivitas antioksidan 32,474% kadar protein 2,139%; kadar lemak 0,145%; kadar gula total 7,064%; overrun 14,172%; kecepatan meleleh 36,660 menit; warna  2,958 (ungu); rasa manis 2,500 (sedikit manis); tekstur lembut 3,216 (lembut); flavor buah bit 3,342 (semakin nyata); dan kesukaan keseluruhan 2,705 (sedikit suka). Kata kunci: Es krim, buah bit, jenis gula ABSTRACTIce cream is a product of frozen food that made with a combination of the process of freezing and agitation with ingredients consisting of milk, sweetener, emulsion, stabilizer, and flavor. The addition of beet fruit and the kind of sugar can improve the nutrition value of ice cream. The purpose of this research were to determine the highest antioxidant activity in a product and to determine the characteristic of physicochemical and sensoric characteristic of beet ice cream. This research used the method of Completely Randomized  Design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor was porridge of beet fruit (20%, 30%, and 40%) and the second factor was the type of sugar (cane, stevia, and honey). The result of this research indicates that the best treatment of ice cream based on the highest antioxidant activity was on the treatment of porridge beet fruit 40% and the type of sugar is honey. These treatment has a characteristic antioxidant activity 32,474%; protein 2,139%; fat 0,145%; the total of sugar 7,064%; overrun 14,172%; the velocity of melting 36,660 minutes; color 2,958 (purple); sweet taste 2,500 (a little sweet); soft texture 3,216 (soft), flavour of beet fruit 3,342 (more real); and the total of predilection 2,705(a little like).Keywords: Ice cream, beet fruit, type of sugar
Menyenaraikan Keamanan dan Mengutamakannya di dalam Al Maqasid Al Dharuriyyat
Authors: Termizi Adib
Published: May 2020

The knowledge of Maqasid Al Shariah is the peak of Islamic Studies. It is like the sound of guidance that leads the people in the face of changing times and new problems. This is to ensure that decisions made are in accordance with the will of Allah Taala and His Messenger. Today, issues of peace have become the focus and concern of the entire world. Economic security, armed conflicts, social and religious harmony are the headlines among the major media outlets. It becomes very important to see how Islam preaches peace in its teaching. It is time to bring forth Islam's concern for peace and protection as a matter of Al Dharuriyy (necessity). Based on the security situation at the time this paper was written, it is time to review the need to prioritize peace over other Al Dharuriyyat matters. The author will study the verses of the Quran under the theme of security, related hadiths and historical examples of how the Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) gives importance to security. The results show that peace can be listed among other Maqasid Al Dharuriyyat and it can be place on the top of the others including hifz Al Din. Peace can be classified as maqasid Al Kulli Al Ammah.