bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Nursing Education in Turkey Affect the Attitudes Toward Ageing and Elderliness?
Authors: Hançerlioğlu Sadık , Toygar İsmail , Theofanidis Dimitrios
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study is to explore the attitudes of nurse students in Turkey, towards ageing and elderliness and to determine differences in terms of year of study. The study uses a comparative design with data collected from February to March 2020. A random sample of 306 nursing students was selected. A demographic data form and the Attitudes toward Ageing and Elderliness Scale (ATAES) were used to collect data. Of the students, 47.7% reported that they cared for older adults in their clinical practice and 53.6% confirmed that they had successfully completed the theoretical lessons on elderly care. Theoretical education (Hedge’s g = 0.23) and clinical practice (Hedge’s g = 0.34) on elderly care have minimal effects on the attitudes toward ageing and elderliness. Theoretical education and clinical practice as conducted currently in a university in Turkey, failed to improve attitudes toward ageing and elderliness. Keywords: ageing, elderliness, nursing, nursing education, nursing students
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN INFEKSI NOSOKOMIAL PADA PENGELOLA LIMBAH MEDIS PADAT (CLEANING SERVICE) DI RSUD BANGKINANG TAHUN 2016
Authors: KASUMAYANTI ERMA
Published: September 2021

Penyakit infeksi masih merupakan penyebab utama tinginya angka kesakitan dan kematian di dunia. Salah satu jenis infeksi adalah infeksi nosokomial.Infeksi nosokomial adalah infeksi yang diperoleh pasien, pengunjung, dan petugas.Salah satu petugas yang rentan dengan infeksi nosokomial ini adalah pengelola limbah medis padat (cleaning service).Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan infeksi nosokomial pada pengelola limbah medis padat diRSUD Bangkinang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik kuantitatif. Teknik sampel yang digunakan adalah total sampling, populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 40cleaning service. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan lembar checklist dan kuesioner yang telah dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas.Dari analisa bivariat juga didapatkanfaktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan infeksi nosokomial adalah personal hygiene (p value = 0.002), pemakaian APD (p value = 0.011), imunisasi (p value = 0.001) dan pengetahuan (p value 0.003). Rekomendasi bagi pihak RSUD Bangkinang agar lebih memperhatikan dan memberikan ketersediaan alat pelindung diri, penyuluhan, serta pelatihan bagi pengelola limbah medis yang bersifat dua arah dan praktik agar cleaning service lebih tahu dan siap dalam mencegah infeksi nosokomial.
PENGARUH TERAPI BEKAM TERHADAP KADAR ASAM URAT PADA PENDERITA HIPERUREMIA DI RUMAH SEHAT KHAIRA BANGKINANG
Authors: NINGSIH NENENG FITRIA
Published: September 2021

Kejadian gout di Indonesia terus meningkat dan bertambah banyak.Pada tahun  2012 adalah sebesar  24,3% pada laki-laki dan 11,7% pada perempuan menderita gout. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi bekam terhadap penurunan kadar asam urat pada penderitah iperurisemia. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen. Menggunakan two group pre testpost test design. Jumlah sampel masing-masing 30 orang pada kelompok kasus dan kelompok kontrol. Analisis data yang di gunakan adalah uji tdependent. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kelompok kasus dan kelompok kontrol, sebagian besar pasien berumur > 50 tahun yaitu sebanyak  12 orang (40%) pada kelompok kasus dan 11 orang (36.7%) pada kelompok kontrol. Sebagian besar responden pada kelompok kasus dan control berjenis kelamin laki-laki yaitu sebanyak  14 orang (46.7%) dengan pekerjaan sebagai petani yaitu sebanyak 12 Orang  (40.0 %) pada kelompok kasus dan 13 (43.3%) pada kelompok kontrol.. Terlihat nilai mean perbedaan kadar asam urat antara sebelum dibekam dan setelah dibekam adalah 2.620 dengan standar deviasi 1.530. Hasil uji statistic didapatkan nilai p= 0.000 maka dapat disimpulkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan rata-rata antara kadar asam urat sebelum dilakukan terapi bekam dan setelah dilakukan terapi bekam. Diharapkan masyarakat agar lebih meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang asam urat dan menjaga pola makan sehingga tidak terjadi peningkatan asam urat (hiperurisemia). Di sarankan kepada penderita asam urat agar rutin untuk melakukan bekam untuk menurunkan kadar asam urat minimal satu kali dalam satu bulan. Mengingat hasil penelitian ini mampu berkontribusi dalam mengatasi masalah asam urat.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN DENGAN PEMBERIAN VITAMIN A PADA BALITA DI POSYANDU DESA BERINGIN LESTARI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TAPUNG HILIR 1 KABUPATEN KAMPAR TAHUN 2018
Authors: VIRGO GUSMAN
Published: September 2021

Dalam lampiran Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 21 Tahun 2015, dinyatakan bahwa untuk mengurangi risiko kesakitan dan kematian pada balita dengan kekurangan Vitamin A, pemerintah menyelenggarakan kegiatan pemberian Vitamin A dalam bentuk kapsul vitamin A biru 100.000 IU bagi bayi usia 6-11 bulan, kapsul vitamin A merah 200.000 IU untuk anak balita usia 12-59 bulan, dan ibu nifas (Kemenkes, 2017). Desa Beringin Lestari berada dibawah target pencapaian yakni hanya 30,60% untuk pemberian vitamin A warna biru dan 43,10% dan 69,03% untuk pemberian vitamin A warna merah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa faktor- faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemberian vitamin A pada balita di posyandu Desa Beringin Lestari wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tapung Hilir 1 Kabupaten Kampar Tahun 2018. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional study. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2018 dengan jumlah sampel 66 orang balita diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik Systematic Random Sampling. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu yang mempunyai balita (6-59 bulan) yang berkunjung ke posyandu Desa Beringin Lestari wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tapung Hilir 1 Kabupaten Kampar pada bulan Januari – Desember tahun 2017. Teknik pengumpulan data kuesioner. Analisa data yang digunakan adalah analisa univariat dan bivariate dengan uji Chi Square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan variabel yang berhubungan dengan pemberian vitamin A pada balita adalah variabel pengetahuan ibu nilai (p=0,015) dan variabel keaktifan balita dalam berkunjung ke posyandu nilai (p=0,000). Sedangkan variabel yang tidak berhubungan adalah peran kader nilai (p=0,203). Kesimpulan terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu dan keaktifan balita dalam berkunjung ke posyandu dengan Pemberian Vitamin A pada Balita di posyandu Desa Beringin Lestari wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tapung Hilir 1 Kabupaten Kampar Tahun 2018. Disarankan diadakan penyuluhan secara berkala mengenai hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan pemberian vitamin A dan meningkatkan peran kader dalam pemberian vitamin A pada balita.
Epidemiological profile of deaths from COVID-19 at a reference cardiology hospital and indication for palliative care during the pandemic
Authors: Ohe Louis , Ferreira Italo , Prata Mateus , Vilava Kelvin , Gindri Felipe , Meniconi Marcos , Feres Fausto
Published: September 2021

Background Palliative care is a set of procedures for patients and families facing terminal or advanced illnesses. Numerous studies have already evaluated the role of palliative care and indications in outpatient or emergency settings. Nonetheless, data referring to the role of palliative care during a pandemic, such as COVID-19, are lacking. This study aimed to analyze the profile of deaths by COVID-19 at a tertiary reference cardiology hospital, and to identify the factors associated with more frequent indication of palliative care during patient management. Methods From March 1 to July 31, 2020, all deaths due to confirmed COVID-19 were analyzed, and their clinical, epidemiological, laboratory and imaging data were obtained. Results Considering the deaths, 26.8% of patients had received palliative care during hospitalization. When the groups were compared (standard care versus palliative care), there was a statistically significant difference for age (67.1±12.1 versus 73.5±9.1 years), presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (3.2% versus 14.7%), and hypoxemia as cause of death (17.2% versus 55.9%). Conclusion In this analysis of patients admitted to the emergency room of a tertiary cardiology hospital during the pandemic period, the determining factors for higher indication for palliative care were age and previous chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The main cause of death was hypoxemia, which was more prevalent in the palliative group.
İşletmelerde Siber Güvenlik Riskleri ve Bilgi Teknolojileri Denetimi: Bankaların Siber Güvenlik Uygulamalarının İncelenmesi
Authors: AKÇAKANAT Özen , ÖZDEMİR Ozan , MAZAK Mehmet
Published: September 2021

Günümüzde dijital veriler ve operasyonlar, pek çok işletmenin merkezinde yer almaktadır. Ancak bilgisayarlı sistemlere olan bu bağımlılık, çeşitli siber tehditleri de beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu riskler, çalışanlar ve yüklenicilerden kaynaklanan içsel riskler olabileceği gibi, siber suçluların ve hatta işletmenin müşterilerinin faaliyetleri sonucu da olabilir. Giderek artan bir şekilde ortaya çıkan, siber güvenlik riskleri yalnızca bir ağ veri ihlali riskini içermez aynı zamanda, açık dijital bağlantı ve erişilebilirliğe dayanan faaliyetler yoluyla tüm işletmenin zarar görmesi riskini de ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bunun sonucu olarak siber güvenlik riskiyle nasıl başa çıkılacağını öğrenmek bir kuruluş için kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada öncelikle işletmeler için siber güvenlik riskleri ortaya koyularak, bu riskleri yönetmeye ilişkin bilgiler verilmiştir. Bu çalışmada aktif büyüklüğüne göre ilk on bankanın siber güvenlik ve bilgi teknolojileri faaliyetlerine ilişkin faaliyet ve entegre raporlarından elde edilen veriler incelenerek siber güvenlik uygulamalarının içeriğinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada kullanılan veriler bankaların 2019 ve 2020 faaliyet ve entegre raporlarından elde edilmiştir. Raporlardan elde edilen sonuçlara göre bankaların güncel mevzuat düzenlemelerine ve uluslararası standartlara uygun bir organizasyon yapılanmasına sahip oldukları, iç denetim çerçevesinde gerekli denetim faaliyetlerini gerçekleştirdikleri, bu çerçevede kapsamlı eğitim programları uyguladıkları, veri güvenliğini sağlamaya yönelik altyapı yatırımlarını yaptıkları ve teknolojiyi takip ettikleri tespit edilmiştir.
Xà bông Cô Ba
Authors: Lab SDAG
Published: September 2021

Xà bông Cô Ba là một nhãn hiệu xà bông lâu năm tại Việt Nam thuộc sở hữu của công ty An Dương Thảo Điền.
Music In Counseling
Authors: Megarina Yulietha
Published: September 2021

Secara keseluruhan, musik dapat menimbulkan berbagai respons mental,emosional, fisik, dan spiritual. Musik digunakan untuk menarik perhatian,memunculkan ingatan, mengomunikasikan perasaan, dan menciptakan rasakebersamaan (Mandsager, Newsome, & Glass, 1997. Dalam Gladding, 2016).Musik sebagai terapi biasanya dikenal dengan terapi musik. Sejak tahun 1992,Gladding, (2016 dalam Situmorang, D. D. B., Mulawarman, M., & Wibowo, M.E. , 2018) memperkenalkan penggunaan musik dalam konseling. Musik dapatdijadikan sebagai medium untuk membantu konseli agar dapat merasa lebihnyaman, rileks, dan bahagia, sehingga proses dan intervensi konseling yangdiberikan dapat menjadi lebih efektif. Selanjutnya, penggunaan musik seperti inidi dalam proses konseling dikenal dengan istilah music therapy. Musik sebagaisalah satu media dalam terapi seni diyakini dapat menembus batas-batas yang ada.Siapapun menyukai musik, tanpa memandang usia, gender, suku, agama, ras, latarbelakang pendidikan, dan lainnya (Djohan, 2006; Situmorang, 2005 dalamSitumorang, D. D. B., Mulawarman, M., & Wibowo, M. E., 2018 ). Terdapatbeberapa jenis dalam penerapan musik terapi memiliki beberapa jenis yaitupassive music theraphy dan active music theraphy (Wigram et al., 2002 dalamSitumorang, D. D. B., Mulawarman, M., & Wibowo, M. E. ,2018 ).
“How could I not bring it up?”: A multiple case study of therapists’ comfort when Black clients discuss anti-Black racism in sessions
Authors: Bartholomew Theodore , Perez-Rojas Andres , Bledman Rashanta , Joy Eileen , Robbins Krista
Published: September 2021

Anti-Black racism is often overlooked in predominantly White spaces such as psychotherapy. This pervasive disregard and dehumanization reflects the perpetuation of ongoing racial trauma that can influence the psychological health of Black people seeking psychotherapy. Therapists, therefore, ought to be equipped and comfortable to have conversations about anti-Blackness and anti-Black racism in sessions, though evidence suggests they are often uncomfortable discussing race and racism in practice. To understand therapists’ comfort when clients discuss anti-Black racism, we used a multiple case study approach to interview five practicing clinicians (2 White, 2 Black, 1 biracial Asian and White). Within-case analysis elicited a sense of participants’ personal experiences of being comfortable, and at times less so, when clients discussed having endured anti-Black racism. Cross-case analysis led to the identification of four themes: (a) Beyond Acknowledgement, (b) Drawing Personal Awareness into the Moment, (c) Engaging with One’s Own Emotional Responses, and (d) I Am versus I Should: Proactive and Reactive Comfort. These findings are discussed within the scope of multicultural competence, multicultural orientation, and the value of cultural comfort when clients’ discuss anti-Black racism.
Temperament and Visual Category Learning Strategy Use
Authors: Zhu Tianshu , Minda John Paul
Published: September 2021

Transient affective states have been shown to affect cognition, including category learning, but less is known about the role of stable temperament traits and categorization. We examined affective temperament traits to see whether the tendency to experience negative and positive affect is predictive of category learning performance and strategy use. Working memory and attentional control were measured as covariates. Participants first completed the Adult Temperament Questionnaire (Evans & Rothbart, 2007) including two affective temperament factors and an attentional control factor. Then they completed a memory task followed by either a conjunctive rule-based (CR) or an information integration (II) category learning task. Results showed that people who tend to experience more positive affect and less negative affect achieved higher accuracy and were more likely to find the optimal strategy in the II task compared to people who tend to experience more negative affect and less positive affect. However, no performance or strategy use difference was seen in the CR task across different temperament profiles. These results extend prior literature and provide additional insights on the effects of stable traits on category learning.
Music in Counseling: Exciting Counseling in the Millennial Era
Authors: Putri Maria
Published: September 2021

Music therapy in an etymological sense is divided into two words, namely "music" and "therapy". Based on the etymological meaning above, it can be formulated that music therapy is a process of assisting the counselor to the counselee, in alleviating the problem by using a special technique, namely music. Music therapy has modern techniques so that it can effectively help solve client’s problems in the Millennial Era.
Mathematics-gender stereotype endorsement influences mathematics anxiety, self-concept, and performance differently in men and women
Authors: Rossi Serena , Xenidou-Dervou Iro , Simsek Emine , Artemenko Christina , Daroczy Gabriella , Nuerk Hans-Christoph , Cipora Krzysztof
Published: September 2021

Mathematics anxiety (MA) is negatively associated with mathematics performance. Although some aspects, such as mathematics self-concept (M-self-concept), seem to modulate this association, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In addition, the false gender stereotype that women are worse than men in mathematics can have a detrimental effect on women. The role that the endorsement of this stereotype (MGS-endorsement) can play may differ between men and women. In this study, we investigated how MA and M-self-concept relate to arithmetic performance when considering one’s MGS-endorsement and gender in a large sample (N = 923) of university students. Using a structural equation modelling approach, we found that MA and M-self-concept mediated the effect of MGS-endorsement in both men and women. For women, MGS-endorsement increased their MA level, while in men, it had the opposite effect (albeit weak). Specifically, in men, MGS-endorsement influenced the level of the numerical components of MA, but, unlike women, it also positively influenced their M-self-concept. Moreover, men and women perceived the questions included in the considered instruments differently, implying that the scores obtained in these questionnaires may not be directly comparable between genders, which has even broader theoretical and methodological implications for MA research.
Development and psychometric exploration of a semi-structured clinical interview for Misophonia
Authors: Guetta Rachel Eliza , Cassiello-Robbins Clair , Anand Deepika , Rosenthal Mark Zachary
Published: September 2021

Misophonia is a newly described disorder associated with significant emotional distress, functional impairment, and a wide range of mental health problems (e.g., mood, anxiety, and personality disorders). Although recent studies have begun to validate self-report measures of misophonia, no psychometrically validated interviews have been developed. To advance a scientific understanding of misophonia, rigorously developed structured interviews are needed as a complimentary measurement approach to self-report inventories. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to develop and begin preliminarily validating a semi-structured clinical interview for misophonia. We took an iterative, grassroots approach to item generation and interview development involving key stakeholders (i.e., misophonia sufferers, experts in the field). Initial psychometric analyses from the current sample (n = 30) evidenced excellent preliminary estimates for internal consistency, convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity. Results from this study provide preliminary support for the Duke Misophonia Interview, and we recommend that this interviewer-rated measure be iteratively developed and refined using larger and more diverse samples.
Incremental and Interactive Relations of Triarchic Psychopathy Measure Scales with Antisocial and Prosocial Correlates: A Pre-Registered Replication of Gatner et al. (2016)
Authors: Sharpe Brinkley M. , Van Til Kaela , Lynam Donald , Miller Josh
Published: September 2021

Meanness (i.e., callousness/unemotionality, antagonism) and disinhibition (e.g., impulsivity, antisocial behavior) are the consensus traits which undergird psychopathy. Significant debate exists regarding a proposed third dimension of boldness or fearless dominance, characterized by particularly high levels of both extraversion and emotional stability. The present study is a pre-registered direct replication of the work of Gatner and colleagues (2016) regarding the importance of boldness in psychopathy. Specifically, in a large undergraduate sample (n = 1,015) which more than doubled the original study sample size, we examined whether boldness exhibited curvilinear relations to antisocial and prosocial outcomes, provided incremental predictive utility, and interacted with meanness and disinhibition. Consistent with Gatner and colleagues’ findings, neither incremental, interactive, nor curvilinear effects of boldness accounted for more than a small amount of variance in outcomes beyond the main effects of meanness and disinhibition. We discuss both process and results in the context of promoting a culture of reproducibility, as well as transparent and open practices in clinical science.
Music Therapy dan Keterkaitannya dengan Teori Tingkah Laku
Authors: Oktisaputri Ella
Published: September 2021

Music in Counseling atau Music Therapy merupakan salah satu jenis teknik yang ada di dalam expressive arts therapy, biasanya digunakan oleh konselor di dalam sesi konseling yang sedang berlangsung. Perilaku Maladaptif biasanya ditunjukkan oleh seseorang yang mengalami kesulitan karena tingkah laku yang kurang atau berlebihan dari kelaziman. Hal inilah yang biasanya dapat ditemui di dalam konseling tingkah laku atau berkaitan secara langsung dengan teori tingkah laku yang diciptakan oleh B.F. Skinner (1904-1990). Untuk itu, melalui Music Therapy diharapkan dapat menjadi suatu media yang dapat membantu seorang konselor untuk dapat menangani konseli dengan ciri perilaku maladaptif yang ada di dalam konseling tingkah laku atau teori tingkah laku.
Lateral reading and monetary incentives to sort out scientific (dis)information
Authors: Panizza Folco , Ronzani Piero , Mattavelli Simone , Morisseau Tiffany , Martini Carlo , Motterlini Matteo
Published: September 2021

################### ARTICLE PUBLISHED IN SCIENTIFIC REPORTS: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-09168-y ################### Scientific disinformation can impose enormous economic and public health burdens. Several types of interventions have been proposed to prevent the proliferation of false information online, where most of the spreading takes place. A recently proposed strategy to help online users recognise false content is to follow the techniques of professional fact checkers, such as looking for information on other websites (lateral reading) and looking beyond the first results suggested by search engines (click restraint). In two preregistered online experiments (N = 5387), we simulated a social-media environment and set-out two interventions, one in the form of a pop-up meant to induce participants to follow such techniques, the other based on monetary incentive. In Experiment 1, we compared these interventions to a control condition. In Experiment 2 another condition was added to test the joint impact of the pop-up and the monetary incentive. We measured participants' ability to identify whether presented scientific information was scientifically (in)valid. Results revealed that while monetary incentives were overall more effective in increasing accuracy, the pop-up contributed when the post originated from an unknown source (and participants could rely less on prior information). Additional analysis on participants’ search style based on both self-report responses and objectively measured behaviour revealed that the pop-up increased the use of fact-checking strategies, and that these in turn increased accuracy. Study 2 also clarified that the pop-up and the incentive did not interfere with each other, but rather acted complementarily, suggesting that attention and literacy interventions can be designed in synergy.
ATCKs as expatriates: Turnover intention and adjustment examined
Authors: Mackey Grania , Evans Thomas Rhys
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Adult third-culture kids (ATCKs), or adults who were living abroad in expatriated families during childhood, have been theorised to possess resources to meet the increased stressors and demands of overseas assignments due to their higher cross-cultural competency, adjustment, and security in risk-taking. This research sought to compare the turnover intention of ATCKs with that of adults with mono-cultural backgrounds, in expatriate roles, and to see whether this experience provides incremental predictive validity for turnover intention over and above demographic and adjustment factors.Design: This research used a quantitative, cross-sectional design implemented through an online questionnaire (n = 206).Findings: Results reported that ATCKs showed significantly higher levels of turnover intention than those with mono-cultural backgrounds. Furthermore, this background predicted an additional 3.3% of variance in turnover intentions above that of various adjustment indices.Originality: This research provides initial evidence to dispute the claim that adults who are expatriated in childhood are more likely to be retained in traditional expatriate work and suggests future research to investigate leveraging ATCK skills in alternative expatriate contexts.Practical implications: These results may allow international organisations to better understand the potential benefits of ATCK employment as expatriates and their role in a global environment in need of increased retention and mobility.
Transmission of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction between Parents and Adolescents: The Critical Role of Parental Perceptions
Authors: Kurdi Vanessa , Fukuzumi Noriaki , Ishii Ryo , Tamura Ayame , Nakazato Naoki , Ohtani Kazuhiro , Ishikawa Shin-ichi , Suzuki Takashi , Sakaki Michiko , Murayama Kou , Tanaka Ayumi
Published: September 2021

While studies have documented the importance of basic psychological need satisfaction in parent-child relationships, a gap remains in understanding how parent and adolescent need satisfactions are associated. Using two longitudinal intergenerational datasets (200 parent-adolescent dyads and 408 mother-adolescent dyads; two waves), we examined whether (1) parents’ need satisfaction predicts adolescents’ need satisfaction (parental needs effect), (2) adolescents’ need satisfaction predicts parents’ need satisfaction (child’s needs effect), and (3) parental perception of adolescent’s need satisfaction predicts adolescents’ need satisfaction (parental perception effect). Findings from cross-lagged path models analogous to actor-partner interdependence models only supported parental perception effects: parents’ T1 perception of their adolescent’s need satisfaction predicted their adolescent’s T2 self-reported need satisfaction, especially for autonomy and competence needs. Findings highlight the importance of parents’ perceptions, which may benefit the design of new interventions for basic psychological needs.
Application of t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) to clustering of social affiliation and recognition psychological motivations in masters athletes
Authors:   Sport Science Institute www.sportscienceinstitute.com, Walsh Joe , Heazlewood Ian Timothy ,   The School of Psychological and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Health, Science and the Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, DeBeliso Mark ,   Department of Physical Education and Human Performance, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, USA, Climstein Mike ,   Clinical Exercise Physiology, Southern Cross University, School of Health and Human Sciences, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia,   Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2006
Published: September 2021

An exploration of clustering of psychological motivations for participation in sport was conducted using t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE). The data source used for this investigation was survey data gathered on World Masters Games competitors using the Motivations of Marathoners Scales (MOMS). The aim of this research was to assess the suitability of applying t-SNE to creating two-dimensional scatter plots to visualise the relationship between different psychological motivators for the Social Motives category of the MOMS. Application of t-SNE plots could assist in visually mapping psychological constructs and gaining greater understanding of the underlying patterns in the MOMS tool. Although there was more disparity in the clustering of categories within Social Motives than was hypothesised, some clustering patterns were observed. Some items in the MOMS Social Motives category were connected in a logical manner that complied with those originally proposed by the developers of the MOMS. Two-dimensional scatter plots produced using t-SNE may assist in creating hypotheses about the relationships present between psychological constructs in such high-dimensional data.
Physical activity level and participation in strength training (ST) activities among undergraduate female students
Authors:   Hope Rehabilitation Center, No 06, Mallikarama Road, Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia, Sri Lanka, Ranaweera Thilini Thakshila , Fernando Desha Rajni ,   Diabetes Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, No:25, Kynsey Road, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka, Siriwardana Yamuna Deepani ,   Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, P.O. Box 271, Kynsey Road, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka
Published: September 2021

Background: Insufficient physical activity has been identified as a leading risk factor for Non-Communicable Diseases and global mortality. Healthy adults should be involved in Strength Training (ST) activities to be in Health Enhancing Physical Activities (HEPA) level. Undergraduates are physically fit and in finest age to understand importance of physical activities. However, most of undergraduates in worldwide were found to be inactive and highest were women. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the physical activity level, participation in ST activities and perceived benefits and barriers for ST activities among female undergraduates. Methodology: Two hundred female undergraduates of Faculty of Science, University of Colombo were randomly selected to conduct this descriptive cross-sectional study. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Physical activity level was assessed by the first part of the questionnaire. Section one of the second part of the questionnaire focused on individual perception of benefits and barriers to ST activities while section two was used to determine barrier scores. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21.0. Results: The mean age of the participants was 22.66. Majority (63.0%; n= 121) was physically inactive, 33.3% (n=64) were minimally active and only 3.6% (n=7) were in HEPA category. Fifty one participants (26.6%) showed zero MET min/week for walking, 64 participants (33.3%) for moderate activities and more than half (68.8%; n=132) for vigorous activities. Majority (89.1%; n= 171) were not ST participants and 87.5% (n= 168) perceived ST as an important activity. Health benefits were perceived as the most important benefit of ST by 44.8% (n=86). Lack of time was the mostly (30.7%; n=59) perceived restricting barrier for ST activities. Barrier scores were different in at least one physical activity level (p< 0.01). Conclusion: These undergraduates appeared to be having a sedentary life style. Improved awareness on importance of ST and HEPA and time management skills will increase participation in ST which results increase the physical level of undergraduates.
Cold temperature does not affect perceived exertion in males and females during submaximal cycling
Authors:   School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Gandy Adele , Baird Marianne F Baird ,   School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Boyd Gary W ,   School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom, Connaboy Chris ,   School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh USA, Graham Scott M ,   School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Published: September 2021

Background: Perceived exertion is an acknowledged indicator of exercise intensity and homeostasis disturbance of an individual, however, there are few studies that have examined the influence of cold temperatures on perceived exertion measurements. Cognition is crucial to perception and exposure to cold temperatures can elicit decrements in cognition. Aims & Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine if, and to what extent, exposure to cold environments may influence perceived exertion and cognitive ability. Study Design: Randomised controlled trial. Materials & Methods: Sixteen participants (m= 8, f= 8, age: 22.3 ± 1.7 years (mean ± SD)), completed two trials in a randomised order in COLD (5°C) and CONTROL (18 °C, 55% relative humidity) conditions. During each trial, following a standardised warm up, participants performed a 6-minute cycle ergometer submaximal exercise. Cognitive ability was assessed pre and post exercise with a reaction time (RT) test. Participant’s physiological responses were measured using Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE), Heart Rate (HR), Oxygen consumption (VO2), Minute Ventilation (VE), Tympanic (Tt) and Skin Temperature (Tsk) continuously during testing. Statistics: Two-way repeated measures Analysis of Variances (ANOVA), were between environmental conditions over time. Data are reported as mean (M) ± standard deviation (SD). Ordinal Friedman ANOVA tests were conducted on RPE data between environmental conditions and gender. Non-parametric descriptive statistics were reported as medians (Mdn) and inter-quartile ranges (IQR) (25th – 75th Percentile). Statistical significance was accepted at p < 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) reported in RPE, VO2 and VE between COLD and CONTROL groups, however, significant decreases in Tsk (p = 0.001) and Tt (p = 0.001) were observed in COLD compared to CONTROL groups. Additionally, no significant differences (p > 0.05) in RT occurred between COLD and CONTROL. Furthermore, no significant differences in RPE were established between genders. Conclusions: Short-term exposure to cold temperatures does not significantly affect physical exertion perception or cognitive ability.
Health Related Quality of life of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Elderly in a Municipality of Central Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Srijana , Poudyal Jiwan Kumar , Shah Rajani , Thapa Kanchan
Published: September 2021

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is the perception of an individual about their position in life. Chronic diseases such as diabetes are said to have influence on QoL. Health condition changes with increased age and chronic disease condition. This study aimed to assess Health-Related QoL of diabetic and non-diabetic elderly.

Method: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 167 elderly in Gaindakot municipality of Nawalpur, Nepal. Health related QoL was assessed using World Health Organization QoL Instrument scale. Data was analyzed using descriptive as well as inferential statistics.

Results: Among the diabetic respondents, highest mean score was obtained in social relationship (68.76), whereas environmental health (69.02) holds highest mean score among non-diabetic.  Non-diabetics were in better position in terms of both psychological (63.23 vs 55.77) and physical health (62.23 vs 57.15) than diabetics. Overall QoL and overall health perception were found to be significantly correlated with all domains of QoL at (p<0.05) and (p<0.01) respectively among diabetics. Age group, gender, educational status, marital status and employment status were found to be statistically associated with different domains of QoL in both groups but caste, family type smoking and alcohol intake didn’t show any association with any of the domain of QoL in both groups.

Conclusion: Three domains of Health Related QoL (physical, psychological and environmental health) except social relationship were better among non-diabetic compared to that of diabetic respondents. Preventing diabetes and focusing on physical, psychological and environmental health of diabetics are required for a healthy elderly life.
Gastrointestinal Malignancies: An Eight Years Experience
Authors: Goyal Binita , Sedhain Mamata , Rai Suman , Subedi Pratigya
Published: September 2021

Background: Gastrointestinal malignancy constitutes a significant cancer burden in terms of mortality. They are most often detected late due to hidden location and lack of symptoms. This study was undertaken with an aim to see age and site distribution, histopathological spectrum, histologic grade and pathologic stage at presentation and to find correlation between histologic grade and pathologic stage at presentation.

Methods: This retrospective chart review was carried on 161 cases of GI malignancies received in Department of Pathology of College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital during a time period of 8 years from January 2012 to December 2019.

Results: Age of the patients ranged from 16 to 93 years with a mean±SD of 57.3±16.3 years with maximum 36 (22.4%) cases in 51-60 years age group and a male female ratio of 1.4:1. 29 (18.0%) cases were seen at or below 40 years of age. Stomach was the most common site involved in 69 (42.9%) cases. Majority, 136 (84.5%) cases were adenocarcinoma. Majority, 48 (35.3%) cases of adenocarcinoma were Grade 2. Most 31 (45.0%) cases were Stage III at presentation. There was no statistical significant association between histologic grade and pathologic stage (p = 0.073).

Conclusion: GI malignancy constitutes a significant cancer burden. Younger individuals are also considerably affected denoting a need of high degree of suspicion. Stomach was the most common site involved. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type. There was no association between histologic grade and pathologic stage at presentation (p > 0.05).
Psychiatric Morbidity among Children and Adolescents Attending Psychiatric Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Sharma Bhaskkar , Shrestha Rajesh
Published: September 2021

Introduction: A variety of psychiatric manifestations can be seen in children and adolescents below the age of 19 years. This study aims to examine the socio-demographic, morbidity profiles, and clinical correlates of child and adolescent patients attending the psychiatry out-patient clinic of Lumbini Medical College and Teaching Hospital (LMCTH).

Methods: It was an observational, cross-section study involving case record analysis of all children and adolescent patients attending the psychiatry out-patient clinic between December 1, 2018 to November 30, 2019 in LMCTH, Nepal. Socio-demographic and clinical data were entered into computer software and analysed.  

Results: One hundred and forty cases fulfilling inclusion criteria were included in the study. There were 96 (68.6%) females and 44 (31.4%) males. Majority of the patients were from 16-19 years age-group. Cases from urban areas predominated the picture. Most common psychiatric diagnosis was conversion disorder (29, 20.7%) followed by depressive disorder (25 or 17.9%) and anxiety disorder (14, 10%). Majority of females had conversion disorder (25 or 26%) followed by seizure disorder (23, 24%) and depressive disorder (15, 15.6%) whereas majority of males had equal count of depressive disorder and seizure disorder (10, 22.7%) followed by anxiety disorder (7, 15.9%).

Conclusions: Psychiatric illness was most common in children and adolescents in the age group 16-19 years, followed by 11-15 years age-group. They were more common in female sex, and slightly higher in those from urban background. Common psychiatric diagnoses were conversion disorder followed by depressive disorder and anxiety disorder.
Medical Education during COVID-19 Crisis: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Marhatta MN
Published: September 2021

Not available.
Effectiveness of Autologous Blood and Steroid Injection in Tennis Elbow Based on Visual Analog Score Pain Score and Nirschl Stage
Authors: DC Gopal Sagar
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Lateral epicondylitis or Tennis elbow is one of the most common causes of lateral elbow pain. Local steroid injection is a time tested treatment for providing symptomatic relief. Local injection of autologous blood in a case of lateral epicondylitis provides pain relief due to its cellular and humoral factor and triggers a healing cascade.

Aims: This study aims to compare the outcomes of the autologous blood injection and local corticosteroid injection in the treatment of tennis elbow.

Methods: This is a Hospital based study on conducted in the Department of Orthopedics at Nepalgunj Medical College from July 2018 to June 2019. 42 patients with unilateral tennis elbow were divided into two groups-Group A-21 patients (Autologous Blood Injection) and Group B-21 patients (Steroid Injection). Group A received 2 ml of autologous venous blood and mixed with 1 ml of 2% lignocaine solution; Group B patients received 80 mg (in 2 ml) of methyl Prednisolone acetate and 1ml of 2% lignocaine solution. Visual Analogue Scale pain score and Nirschl stage of patients were evaluated before injection and at 2, 6, and 12 weeks of injection were noted and analyzed.

Results: Preinjection mean VAS pain score was - 7.48±0.75, 7.52±0.68 in Group A, and Group B respectively while the Nirschl stage was 5.62±0.59 and 5.6±0.5 in group A and B, these scores among two group was not statistically significant. At 2 weeks follow up both groups showed improvement without any significant difference between two groups (p=0.84 and 0.549), while group A had better improvement in VAS pain score at 6 weeks (p=0.001). At 12 weeks follow-up within each group, there was significant VAS pain and Nirschl stage improvement (p=0.001) but there was no significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusion: Injection of autologous blood and corticosteroid injection is equally effective in the treatment of Tennis elbow at 12 weeks final follow-up.
Study of Correlation Between Glycated Hemoglobin (Hba1c) and Serum Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Shrestha Anil
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Diabetic mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Type 2 diabetes mellitus accounts for more than 90% of cases worldwide. Elevated HbA1c and dyslipidemia proportionately increases the risk of development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) which is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Aims: To Study the correlation between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients.
Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional study conducted at Nepalgunj medical college teaching hospital, which included 104 type 2 diabetic patients (54 males and 50 females).Venous blood samples were collected from all patients and serum was used for analyzing HbA1c, lipid profile panel and fasting blood glucose (FBG). DM was defined as per American diabetic association (ADA) criteria. Dyslipidemia was defined as per the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III Guidelines. The data were analyzed using standard statistical methods, including SPSS 21.
Results : Abnormal lipid parameters were demonstrated with increased Total Chloseterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Low density lipoprotein (LDL),Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low High density lipoprotein (HDL)  suggestive of dyslipidemia.HbA1c showed direct and significant correlation with TC,LDL,TG and VLDL. Patients with HbA1c  > 7.0% had a significantly higher value of TC, LDL, TG and VLDL as compared to patients with HbA1c ≤7.0%.However, the significant difference in value of HDL-C was not found between two groups.
Conclusion: Due to the strong correlation with lipid profile, HbA1c could be the ideal marker for predicting dyslipidemia in type 2 DM . Patients with higher HbA1c value and dyslipidemia should be considered as a very high risk group for CVD.
Chest X-Ray in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection: Findings and Correlation with Clinical Outcome at Level-3 Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital Kohalpur
Authors: BK Shyam Kumar , Pandey Sumit , Poudel Nabin , Pandit Sandesh , Sah Alok Kumar , Neupane Hitesh
Published: September 2021

Introduction: At the end of 2019 a novel virus, named SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2), expanded globally from China. A new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified as the cause of this outbreak of viral pneumonia that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Aims: The aim of this study is to find out the chest radiological features of corona virus disease patients and correlate them with clinical outcome.
Methods: This is a Hospital based study involving patients with clinical-epidemiological aspect of all reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) corona virus disease (COVID-19) positive patients, who performed Chest X-Rays at the emergency department of Nepalgunj Medical College, Teaching Hospital from March to June, 2020. All patients performed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction from nasopharyngeal and throat swab, Chest X-Ray at the Emergency Department and clinical-epidemiological data.
Results: Patients with a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction positive results for corona virus disease infection were 32 out of these, 22 were females (68.75%) and 10 males (31.25%), with a mean age of 40.78 years (range 20–74 years). Only 2 Chest X-Rays were negative for radiological thoracic involvement (6.25%).  The following alterations were more commonly observed among 30 patients: 18 patients with lung consolidations (56.25%), 19 (59.37%) with Ground Glass Opacities, 7 (21.87%) with nodules and 21 (65.6%) with reticular–nodular opacities. Patients with consolidations and Ground Glass Opacities coexisting in the same radiography were 34.37% of total. In reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction positive patients, we found also signs nonspecific for corona virus disease pneumonia as hilar or vascular congestion (37.5%), cardiomegaly (28.12%), pleural effusion (15.6%) and pneumothorax (3.12%). Peripheral (56.25%) and lower zone distribution (56.25%) were the most common predominance. Bilateral involvement (68.75%) was most frequent than unilateral one. Given the results, baseline Chest X-Rays sensitivity in our experience is about 65.62%.
Conclusion: In this study, COVID-19 CXRs generally manifested a spectrum of pure ground glass, mixed ground glass opacities to consolidation in bilateral peripheral middle and lower lung zones. BSTI CXR reporting classification of COVID-19 is valid and sensitive in our patients with addition of middle zonal involvement in classical COVID-19 criteria as opposed to just lower zone involvement.
Comparative Study of Autologous Radiocephalic and Brachiocephalic Arteriovenous Fistula in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Magar Deepak Thapa , Shrestha Kiran , Chapagain Dinesh , Shrestha Kumar , Thapa Sara
Published: September 2021

Introduction: End-stage renal disease requires treatment with dialysis or renal transplantation. For the dialysis, autologous radiocephalic (RC) or brachiocephalic (BC) arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the better option for vascular access for hemodialysis.
Aims: The aim of this study is to find out the outcome between RC AVF and BC AVF.
Methods: This is the retrospective study, conducted for the period of 24 months from September 2017 to September 2019 in the department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery of Bir Hospital, Nepal. RC and BC AVF were created for the assess of hemodialysis. Outcome and different complications were taken into consideration. 
Results: The total number of patients included in this study was 400. The overall failure rate of autologous AV fistula was 12.75%. Out of these, the failure rate was more in RC AV fistula group, 34 (17%) than in BC AV fistula group, 17 (8.5%). The most common complication was bleeding in both groups having an overall rate of 39 (9.75%). The limb edema was more common in BC AV fistula group 16 (8.0%) then in RC AV fistula group 7(3.5%). The overall infection rate was 4.5%. Overall patency rate was 87.25%.
Conclusion: Autologous RC AVF and BC AVF are the choices for vascular access for hemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease. BC AVF has a better patency rate than RC AVF but with the slight higher risk of complications.