bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rumo a uma Arqueologia Histórica Global: um exemplo do Brasil
Authors: Orser Jr. Charles E.
Published: April 2018

Recentemente, Schuyler argumentou que arqueólogos (as) históricos (as) podem fazer suas maiores contribuições para o conhecimento atravé da realização de "etnografias históricas", estudos detalhados de comunidades específicas. Apesar da visão de Schuyler ter seu mérito, nenhum estudo do mundo moderno - incluindo arqueologia histórica - pode estar verdadeiramente completo sem se considerar as diversas conexões geralmente mantidas entre habitantes de sítios históricos. Arqueologia histórica deve ser pensada como um campo global e amplo, que vê o mundo além do sítio. A comunidade de escravos foragidos de Palmares no Brasil iustra essa posição.
Engenho Bom Jardim: cultura material e dinâmica identitária de uma comunidade escravizada do Mato Grosso
Authors: Symanski Luís Claudio P. , Hirooka Suzana
Published: April 2018

Este trabalho discute a dinâmica interna da comunidade escravizada do Engenho Bom Jardim (MT), uma plantation da cana-de-açucar que manteve um dos maiores plantéis de escravos do Mato Grosso oitocentista. O estudo das fontes documentais revela informações sobre a composição do plantel, em termos de identidade, gênero, perfil etário, atividades, conformação de famílias e saúde. Os dados arqueológicos, referentes a escavações realizadas na área de fábrica do engenho, complementam este quadro, revelando facetas das práicas cotidianas, dos sistemas de crenças e dos processos de construção e de reconstrução de identidade no interior dessa comunidade. O conjunto das evidências aponta para a manutenção, no espaço de engenho, de memórias e práticas sociais de origem centro-africana, mais notoriamente expressas nos vocábulos banto empregados como segundos nomes de alguns indíviduos e na reprodução, nos vasilhames cerâmicos artesanais de produção local-regional, de motivos decorativos típicos de populações daquela região da África.
Arqueologia como ação sociopolítica: o caso do Cais do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, século XIX
Authors: Lima Tania Andrade
Published: April 2018

Ao longo de sua trajetória, a arqueologia foi colocada, inúmeras vezes, a serviço de ideologias dominantes e não raro espúrias, em geral de cunho fortemente nacionalista. Contudo, a penetração do pensamento crítico na disciplina vem mostrando a relevância da sua atuação em favor de grupos desfavorecidos, sobretudo quando relacionados, na condição de comunidades descedentes, a pesquisas em andamento. Se assumir um caráter ativista e engajado, ela tem forte potencial para contribuir para a construção de políticas sociais emancipatórias e, por conseguinte, para maior justiça social, robustecendo esses grupos perante os interesses dominantes. A materialidade da violência sobre segmentos oprimidos, quando exposta, tem uma contundência que provoca forte impacto sobre a sensibilidade humana, favorecendo reflexões que podem contribuir para uma mudança nas posições desvantajosas ocupadas por esses grupos na sociedade. Neste artigo é apresentada a arqueoogia que trouxe de volta o cais do Valongo, local onde desembarcaram centenas de milhares de africanos para serem escravizados no Brasil, concebida como uma ação sociopolítica.
El puerto boliviano de Cobija: correlaciones entre cultura material y su ocupación durante la expansión capitalista en Atacama (1850-1877)
Authors: Garcia-Albarido Francisco
Published: April 2018

Neste trabalho discutimos o contexto histórico da "era do capital", no qual boa parte das riquezas minerais do Atacama foram solidamente incorporadas ao sistema econômico capitalista, impulsionado pela Inglaterra a nível internacional. São apresentadas evidências materiais específicas do processo de incorporação mencionado, considerando, para isso, o caso do porto de Cobija, posto comercial refundado pela Bolívia na costa do Pacífico do Atacama durante o século XIX. O correlato arqueológico do contexto histórico mencionado é discutido em função de outros casos conhecidos na costa meridional do Pacífico Sul-americano e considerando que os objetos foram ativamente utilizados para concretizar novas relações sociais ao exportar, tanto novos produtos, como também costumes e ideologias.
Identidade de grupo, criatividade individual e geração simbólica na diáspora Bakongo
Authors: Fennel Christopher C.
Published: April 2018

Arqueóogos têm recuperado uma variedade de objetos que aparentemente foram utilizados com propósitos religiosos por ocupates de sítios afro-americanos datados entre o final do século dezessete ao século XIX na América do Norte.
O urbano e a Arqueologia: uma fronteira transdisciplinar
Authors: Costa Diogo M.
Published: April 2018

A Arqueologia Urbana se diferencia das demais Arqueologias não só por pesquisar a história única de uma geografia singular, mas também por utilizar teorias e metodologias distintas. Por sua vez, a cidade é como um mosaico que muda constantemente ao longo do tempo e espaço, seja de forma ordenada ou irregular. Junto com estas transformações, os estudos que podem ser realizados sobre a vida da e na cidade multiplicam-se e se complementam. O presente texto apresenta vários destes conhecimentos, através de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, começando com retrospectivas históricas, passando pelas abordagens urbanísticas, e encerrando com as perspectivas arqueológicas.
Introdução. Arqueología del cuerpo en el Mundo Moderno
Authors: Salerno Melisa A. , Alberti Benjamin
Published: April 2018

Con el propósito de responder qué puede aportar una arqueología del cuerpoen la modernidad, necesitamos efectuar un breve recorrido por la historia dela arqueología del cuerpo como campo de estudio. Esta historia puede explicar,al menos, dos rasgos particulares sobre el estudio de los cuerpos modernos enarqueología: su relativa ausencia, y la relación entre teoría del cuerpo y modernidad. La propia noción de mundo moderno puede producir una confusión entre modelo y realidad. De este modo, la imagen que tenemos del cuerpo moderno puede sugerir una falsa homogeneidad de los cuerpos en la modernidad. Tal como señalamos posteriormente, las motivaciones para el desarrollo de una arqueología del cuerpo fueron modernas, incluyendo el impacto del feminismo, los estudios sobre la sexualidad, la teoría queer, los abordajes bioarqueológicos, la demografía, entre otros. No obstante, las mismas críticas que produjeron aproximaciones novedosas y enriquecedoras sobre el pasado distante no tuvieron el mismo impacto sobre el estudio de los cuerpos modernos. La mayor parte de los trabajos sobre el cuerpo en arqueología, así como el ímpetu original del enfoque, centraron su atención en la prehistoria y la antigüedad. Mientras tanto, en el contexto de la arqueología del mundo moderno, el cuerpo implicó una presencia frecuentemente ausente. Sin lugar a dudas, esto resulta especialmente claro cuando se compara la atención que la arqueología histórica (sensu Orser, 1996) ha prestado a otros temas de investigación.
Arqueologia Histórica do espaço urbano-portuário oitocentista na cidade do Rio Grande, Brasil
Authors: Torres Rodrigo de Oliveira
Published: April 2018

A Abertura dos Portos em 1808 forneceu as condições políticas para a inserção das cidades portuárias brasileiras nas redes mercantis transatlânticas, iniciando um período de modernização vivenciado pelos emergentes núcleos urbano-portuários nacionais. Baseado em abordagens contemporâneas em Arqueologia histórica e da paisagem, estudei a transformação de lugares e paisagens no espaço marítimo do porto do Rio Grande, buscando conhecer alguns dos processos materiais e sócio-culturais transformativos característicos desta modernização via urbano-portuária.
Canada's World: The Long Shadow of Geopolitics
Authors: Germain Randall
Published: April 2018

Canada has long been subject to the powerful cross-pressures of geopolitics and global demand for its bountiful natural resources. Looking ahead over the next quarter century, I expect that the most important impact on Canada's relations with the world will stem from geopolitical developments in the United States and Asia. Not only will demand for natural resources and commercial products from these two parts of the world exert an ineluctable influence over Canada's economic development, but so too will the fallout generated by the politics of China's rise and America's response to this new force. We might call this the shadow of geopolitics. As Canada attempts to diversify its economy away from an overreliance on the American market, rising Sino-American tensions will effectively shrink geopolitical space in the most important new market for Canadian trade and investment. The paradox is that as Canada is drawn into economic flows connected to Asia's political economy, it will also slide into the crosshairs of rising Sino-American geopolitical tensions. In other words, to the extent that Canada reduces its economic vulnerability to the United States, it will become more susceptible to geopolitical vulnerabilities in Asia. Ironically, over the next 25 years or so, economic diversification may well generate geopolitical vulnerability for Canada in its global relations.
The Elephant in the Room: Histories of Place, Memory and Conflict with Wildlife Along a Southern Indian Forest Fringe
Authors: Oommen Meera Anna
Published: April 2018

This paper traces past and present entanglements between people and elephants along a forest-agriculture fringe in Kerala's Western Ghats. In doing so, it explores the evolution of conservation-linked conflict and its problematic impacts. Over the centuries, the region's elephants have played a dominant role in its mountain landscapes: as antagonists to cultivators; as sources of ivory, labour and revenue to forest traders, local rulers and imperial administrators; and as cultural and religious icons straddling forests and countryside. Environmental protection arrangements in recent years ushered in a new elephant, a charismatic flagship beloved of conservationists, but also a key actor involved in fluctuating tensions along the forest edge. In this study, I explore long-term engagements between people and elephants by interrogating three critical phases in history, each incorporating a changing identity for the place in question: as a bountiful, ivory-rich forest at the turn of the Christian Era; as a site of capitalist production during the colonial period; and eventually as a contested conservation landscape. I show that these identities are predicated as much by extra-local processes such as migration and capitalist enterprises, as by embedded engagements with non-human agency. Contemporary conflict is, therefore, a complex ongoing narrative fuelled by a dynamic interaction between the persistence of human and animal memories as well as by multi-scale socio-political catalysts with long histories of influence. By ignoring historical contingencies and diverse discourses, contemporary conservation interventions may overlook the proverbial and sometimes literal elephant in the room.
How Alexander entered India With a note on Ortospana (the ancient name of Ghazni?)
Authors: Rapin Claude , Grenet Frantz
Published: April 2018

This paper concerns the cartography of Afghanistan in antiquity using the example of Ortospana, a toponym that is presumably a corruption of *Oryospana, the ancient name of Ghazni. In order to cover all the hypotheses involved in this study, the itinerary of Alexander will also be revisited from southern and northern Afghanistan to Taxila through the crossroads of Alexandria in the Caucasus and along the Kabul River.
The Hamburgers in the Fridge: An Interview with Professor Nikolas Rose about Interdisciplinary Collaboration, Neuroscience and Critical Friendship
Authors: Hansson Kristofer , Lindh Karolina
Published: April 2018

During 2016 and 2017 the Cultural Studies Group of Neuroscience at the Department of Arts and Cultural Sciences at Lund University in Sweden organised a seminar series titled the ‘Seminar on Neuroscience, Culture and Society’. Professor Nikolas Rose was one of the invited guest speakers; he is a researcher who strongly influences cultural reflections on neuroscience (Rose 2007, Abi-Rached & Rose 2010, Rose & Abi-Rached 2013). He visited us on the 22nd of March 2017 and during his visit Kristofer Hansson and Karolina Lindh took the pportunity to interview Professor Rose to hear more about his thoughts and experiences of interdisciplinary collaboration between neuroscience researchers and researchers in the social sciences and humanities.
Neuro-Problems: Knowing Politics Through the Brain
Authors: Altermark Niklas , Nyberg Linda
Published: April 2018

In recent years, neuroscientific knowledge has been applied far beyond its context of emergence to explain human behaviour in general and to address a host of specific societal problems. In this article, we discuss the emerging research field of ‘neuropolitics’ that seeks to bring neuroscientific methods and findings to political science. Neuropolitics is investigated as a particular way of approaching political problems as located in the brain. We argue that neuropolitics research gives expression to a rationality of government that allows researchers to put forward policy prescriptions based on neuroscientific knowledge. Neuropolitics thus run the risk of leading to what we call a ‘pathologisation of politics’, that turns political problems into biological deviations.
A Crowd Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Algorithm Using a Non-Ideal Channel
Authors: Lv Xinxin , Zhu Qi
Published: April 2018

Spectrum sensing is the prerequisite of the realization of cognitive radio. So it is a significant part of cognitive radio. In order to stimulate the SUs to sense the spectrum, we combine the incentive mechanism of crowd-sensing with cooperative spectrum sensing effectively, and put forward a crowd cooperative spectrum sensing algorithm with optimal utility of secondary users (SUs) under non-ideal channel which we define SUs’ utility expectation functions related to rewards, sensing time and transmission power. Then, we construct the optimization problem of maximizing the utilities of SUs by optimizing the sensing time and the transmission power, and prove that this problem is a convex optimization problem. The optimal sensing time and transmission power are obtained by using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. The numerical simulation results show that the spectrum detection performance of algorithm, which we put forward, is improved.
A Novel Algorithm to Improve Digital Chaotic Sequence Complexity through CCEMD and PE
Authors: Fan Chunlei , Xie Zhigang , Ding Qun
Published: April 2018

In this paper, a three-dimensional chaotic system with a hidden attractor is introduced. The complex dynamic behaviors of the system are analyzed with a Poincaré cross section, and the equilibria and initial value sensitivity are analyzed by the method of numerical simulation. Further, we designed a new algorithm based on complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) and permutation entropy (PE) that can effectively enhance digital chaotic sequence complexity. In addition, an image encryption experiment was performed with post-processing of the chaotic binary sequences by the new algorithm. The experimental results show good performance of the chaotic binary sequence.
Indigenous Health and Human Rights: A Reflection on Law and Culture
Authors: Mazel Odette
Published: April 2018

In Australia, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples bear a greater burden of disease and have lower life expectancy than their non-Indigenous counterparts. These combined indicators are evidence of an entrenched health crisis in the Indigenous population that is linked to systemic disadvantage over many decades. In an effort to improve life expectancy and lessen the burden of disease, a number of strategies and national frameworks now embed a human rights-based approach to achieving health equality. This paper explores the application of human rights to Indigenous health and examines the inherent tensions that exist in engaging a system of law based on universal assumptions of the Enlightenment to advance Indigenous rights. What becomes apparent through this exploration is that the strategic approach of Indigenous peoples’ use of human rights, despite its genesis in a system of law that justified colonisation, has opened up opportunities to reframe fixed ideas of law and culture.
Susceptibility Status and Resistance Mechanisms in Permethrin-Selected, Laboratory Susceptible and Field-Collected Aedes aegypti from Malaysia
Authors: Rasli Rosilawati , Lee Han , Wasi Ahmad Nazni , Fikri Siti , Ali Roziah , Muhamed Khairul , Hadi Azahari , Liu Qi-yong , Meng Feng
Published: April 2018

This study is intended to provide a comprehensive characterization of the resistance mechanisms in the permethrin-selected (IMR-PSS) and laboratory susceptible (IMR-LS) Aedes aegypti strain from Malaysia. Both IMR-PSS and IMR-LS provide a standard model for use in assessing the pyrethroid resistance in field-collected strains collected from three dengue hotspots: the Taman Seri Bayu (TSB), the Flat Camar (FC), and the Taman Dahlia (TD). Two established methods for determining the resistance mechanisms of the pyrethroid are the quantification of detoxification enzymes via enzyme microassay and the nucleotide sequencing of the domain 2 region from segment 1 to 6 via classical polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification—were employed. Enzyme activities in IMR-LS served as the resistance threshold reference, providing a significant standard for comparison with IMR-PSS and other field-collected strains. The amino acids in the domain 2 region of voltage-gated sodium channel (Vgsc) of IMR-LS were served as the reference for detection of any changes of the knockdown resistance (kdr) alleles in IMR-PSS and field-collected strains. Studies clearly indicated that the IMR-LS was highly susceptible to insecticides, whilst the IMR-PSS was highly resistant to pyrethroids and conferred with two resistance mechanisms: the elevated oxidase enzyme activity and the altered target-site mutations. Mutations of V1023G alone, and the combination mutations of V1023G with S996P in IMR-PSS, as well as the in field-collected Aedes aegypti strain, indicate the spread of the (kdr) gene in Aedes aegypti, particularly in dengue-endemic areas in Malaysia.
Simple Prediction Method for Rubber Adhesive Friction by the Combining Friction Test and FE Analysis
Authors: Ozaki Shingo , Mieda Keishi , Matsuura Takeru , Maegawa Satoru
Published: April 2018

In the design and development of rubber products, it is important to evaluate the contact load dependency of the friction coefficient. In particular, since the pressure distribution varies depending on the dimensions of sliding bodies and the pattern of the contact surface, a simplified and accurate evaluation method that can take these influences into account is desired. In this study, we proposed a prediction method for the adhesive friction between rubber specimens of arbitrary shapes with arbitrary roughness and a smooth hard surface, by combining the: (1) friction theory considering the influence of roughness; (2) basic friction test; and (3) finite element analysis. Further, we verified the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing the predicted results with the measurement results of friction between a hemispherical PDMS specimen and a PMMA flat plate and between a PDMS block specimen with a grooved surface and a flat prism. Results show that the prediction accuracy of the contact load dependency of the friction coefficient is reasonably good.
Standard Reference Materials for Cement Paste, Part I: Suggestion of Constituent Materials Based on Rheological Analysis
Authors: Lee Dong Kyu , Choi Myoung Sung
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop a standard reference material that can simulate the flow characteristics of cement paste. For this purpose, it is important to determine the constituent materials of the standard material for cement paste. Generally, cement paste is a mixture of cement and water. To determine the constituent material of cement paste, it was divided into powder that can replace cement and matrix fluid. With the concept of rheology, which can evaluate the flow properties of selected materials quantitatively under certain mixing conditions, experiments were carried out step-by-step according to material composition combination, stage of aging, and material types. As a result, limestone powder was determined to be a cement substitute, and glycerol and water were determined to be a matrix fluid substitute. After an analysis of the compatibility with the required properties of the particulate standard materials, the finally selected standard reference material was found to satisfy the required performance.
Gastroesophageal Reflux and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Prospective Study
Authors: Fahim Ahmed , Dettmar Peter , Morice Alyn , Hart Simon
Published: April 2018

Background and Objective. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. There is evidence of the increased prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with IPF. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate reflux in patients with IPF by analyzing the scores of the reflux cough questionnaire, measurement of pepsin in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) to detect extraesophageal reflux, and Helicobacter pylori serology to evaluate the prevalence of this stomach bacterium in patients with IPF. Material and Methods. The Hull airway reflux questionnaire (HARQ) was completed by 40 patients with IPF and 50 controls in order to evaluate reflux symptoms. EBC was collected from 23 patients (17 patients with IPF and 6 controls) for measurement of pepsin by the lateral flow technique. A prospective study of 57 subjects (34 patients with IPF and 23 controls) for H. pylori antibody detection by ELISA was performed. Results. Significantly higher HARQ scores (maximum score, 70) were recorded in patients with IPF compared with controls (19.6 [SD, 12.4] vs. 3 [SD, 2.9], P<0.001). There was no significant difference in EBC pepsin positivity between patients with IPF and controls (2 of the 17 patients vs. none of the 6 controls, P=0.38). There was no significant difference in H. pylori serology between patients with IPF and controls (17 of the 34 patients vs. 14 of the 23 controls, P=0.42). Conclusion. Patients with IPF had significantly increased scores of airway reflux symptoms. However, no objective evidence of extraesophageal reflux or H. pylori infection in patients with IPF was obtained in this study. The role of gastroesophageal and extraesophageal reflux in pathogenesis of IPF should be evaluated in a larger prospective study.
Competence of Nurses and Factors Associated With It
Authors: Istomina Natalja , Suominen Tarja , Razbadauskas Artūras , Martinkėnas Arvydas , Meretoja Riitta , Leino-Kilpi Helena
Published: April 2018

Objective. Nurse competence became a relevant topic for discussion among nurse practitioners and nurse researchers. However, the factors connected with nurse competence need deeper exploring. The aim of this study was to explore nurse competence and factors associated with it from the perspective of nurses for predicting the possible ways for upgrading the nursing practice. Materials and Methods. A multicenter, descriptive study was performed in 11 surgical wards of 7 Lithuanian hospitals. Data were collected from November 2007 to January 2008. Lithuanian nurses (n=218) who were working with patients after abdominal surgery participated in this study. The response rate was 91%. Two instruments, both originally developed in Finland, were used: the Nurse Competence Scale and the Good Nursing Care Scale for Nurses. Results. The overall level of nurse competence and the frequency of using the competencies in practice as perceived by nurses were high. Nurses assessed the competencies in managing situations and work role the highest and in teaching-coaching and ensuring quality the lowest. Sociodemographic factors such as nurse education, experience, professional development, independence, and work satisfaction as well as the evaluation of quality of nursing care were identified as factors associated with nurse competence. Conclusions. The findings of study allow us to make the assumption that nurse education, nurse experience, and nurse professional development play a significant role in the evaluation of nurse competence as well as the evaluation of quality of nursing care. It is necessary to upgrade nursing education programs at all levels of nursing education in Lithuania: university, non-university, and professional development courses. The qualities of preconditions for nursing care, cooperation with relatives, caring and supporting initiative are related to nurse competence.
Changes in Antibiotic Resistance Level of Nosocomial Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates in the Largest University Hospital of Lithuania
Authors: Adukauskienė Dalia , Vitkauskaitė Agnė , Skrodenienė Erika , Dambrauskienė Asta , Vitkauskienė Astra
Published: April 2018

The aim was to estimate changes in the resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains isolated from patients treated in intensive care units of the largest university hospital. Materials and Methods. Isolates were identified with the Phoenix ID system (Becton Dickinson, USA). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and amikacin were determined by the E-test and evaluated following the recommendations of the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. Results. In 2003, the proportion of P. aeruginosa strains resistant to piperacillin was greatest followed by strains resistant gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. In 2008, the resistance rates markedly changed being the highest to ciprofloxacin. An increase in the resistance rates to ciprofloxacin (+24%, P<0.001) and ceftazidime (+8.3%, P<0.05) was documented. In 2003, there were 66.7% of P. aeruginosa strains sensitive to all antibiotics tested, and this percentage decreased to 47.5% in 2008 (P<0.05). During the study, a significant increase in the median MICs for ciprofloxacin and amikacin was observed (P<0.001); however, no significant change was documented for ceftazidime. Conclusions. P. aeruginosa remains an important nosocomial pathogen with relatively high overall resistance to antimicrobial agents, and the resistance level is increasing.
Inequalities in Mortality From Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis by the Level of Education in Lithuania
Authors: Kaselienė Snieguolė , Kalėdienė Ramunė
Published: April 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in inequalities in mortality from infectious diseases and tuberculosis by educational level among men and women in Lithuania. Material and Methods. The data on mortality from infectious diseases in the Lithuanian population aged more than 30 years for the years 1989 and 2001 gathered from the Department of Statistics and censuses were used for the analysis. The relative and slope indices of inequality were calculated. Results. Mortality from infectious diseases and tuberculosis among persons with primary education was higher than that among persons with university education, and these inequalities were found to be increased in 2000–2002 as compare with 1988–1990 due to declining mortality among persons with university education and increasing mortality among less educated persons. Similar tendencies were observed while evaluating the inequalities in mortality from tuberculosis. In 1988– 1990, the relative indices of inequality for mortality from all infectious diseases and tuberculosis among men were 9 and 13, respectively. In 2000–2002, the relative indices of inequality increased significantly to 16.5 and 28.8, respectively. Inequalities in mortality from abovementioned causes for women with different educational levels were lower than those for men. The slope indices of inequality for mortality from infectious diseases among men with different educational levels were considerably higher than among their female counterparts, and in 2000–2002, they were greater compared with 1988–1990. Conclusions. While implementing tuberculosis prevention and control program and planning prevention and control measures, greater attention should be paid to less educated Lithuanian population at highest risk of this disease.
Dementia With Lewy Bodies: the Principles of Diagnostics, Treatment, and Management
Authors: Macijauskienė Jūratė , Lesauskaitė Vita
Published: April 2018

Dementia with Lewy bodies was first recognized as a separate entity about 30 years ago. The prevalence varies from 0% to 5% in the general population, and this disease accounts for 0% to 30.5% of all dementia cases. Dementia with Lewy bodies is considered the second most common cause of degenerative dementia after Alzheimer’s disease. The disease is characterized by alpha-synuclein immunoreactive protein deposits in both neurons and glial cells. The protein deposits are especially prominent in dopaminergic neurons, where they can be detected using conventional histological stains, such as hematoxylin and eosin, and are commonly referred to as Lewy bodies. The diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies is based on the presence of dementia as well as 2 of the following 3 core diagnostic features: 1) fluctuating cognition, 2) visual hallucinations, and 3) movement disorder. Diagnostic tests include laboratory data, structural and functional imaging, and electroencephalography. Differential diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies focuses on other later life dementia syndromes, other parkinsonian diseases (Parkinson’s disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration), and primary psychiatric illnesses. There is type 1b evidence to support treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors. Glutamatergic and dopaminergic therapies are used as well. Standard neuroleptics are contraindicated, and atypical agents should be used cautiously. Nonpharmacologic measures – therapeutic environment, psychological and social support, physical activity, behavioral management strategies, caregivers’ education and support, and different services – could be suggested.
Frequency of HLA-DRB1 Gene Alleles in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis in a Lithuanian Population
Authors: Balnytė Renata , Rastenytė Daiva , Mickevičienė Dalia , Vaitkus Antanas , Skrodenienė Erika , Vitkauskienė Astra
Published: April 2018

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of HLA-DRB1 alleles on the genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis in the Lithuanian population. Material and Methods. A total of 120 patients with multiple sclerosis and 120 unrelated healthy controls were enrolled in this case-control study. Allelic frequencies were compared between the groups. HLA-DRB1 alleles were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction. Results. HLA-DRB1*15 was present in 55.8% of the patients with multiple sclerosis and 10.0% of the controls (OR, 5.58; 95% CI, 3.19–9.77; P<0.0001). The protective alleles that were found to be more prevalent among the controls compared with the patients with multiple sclerosis were HLADRB1* 01 (26.7% vs. 7.5%, P<0.0001), *03 (17.5% vs. 8.3%, P=0.034), and *16 (11.7% vs. 3.3%, P=0.014). HLA-DRB1*15 was more common among the female patients with multiple sclerosis than among the male patients (68.4% vs. 34.1%; OR, 4.18; 95%, CI 1.90–9.22; P=0.001). The heterozygous inheritance of HLA-DRB1*15 allele was more common in the patients with a history of maternal multiple sclerosis than in those with a history of paternal multiple sclerosis (29.4% vs. 9.8%; P=0.045). Conclusions. HLA-DRB1*15 was found to be associated with multiple sclerosis in the Lithuanian population. This allele was more prevalent among the female patients with multiple sclerosis. Maternal multiple sclerosis was more common than paternal multiple sclerosis, but the relationship with HLA-DRB1*15 allele was not established. HLA-DRB1*01, *03, and *16 appeared to be the protective alleles in this series.
Components of Left Ventricular Ejection and Filling in Patients With Aortic Regurgitation Assessed by Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography
Authors: Mizarienė Vaida , Bučytė Silvija , Žaliaduonytė-Pekšienė Diana , Jonkaitienė Regina , Janėnaitė Jūratė , Vaškelytė Jolanta , Jurkevičius Renaldas
Published: April 2018

The aim of our study was to evaluate left ventricular (LV) longitudinal, radial, and rotational function and its relationship with conventional LV parameters of systolic and diastolic function in patients with aortic regurgitation (AR) by speckle-tracking echocardiography. Material and Methods. A total of 26 asymptomatic patients with moderate AR, 34 patients with severe AR, and 28 healthy controls were included into the study. LV rotation and longitudinal and radial strain were measured offline using speckle-tracking imaging. Results. The systolic longitudinal strain (–18.3% [SD, 2.18%] vs. –21.0% [SD, 2.52%], P<0.05) and strain rate (–1.08 s–1 [SD, 0.13 s–1] vs. –1.27 s–1 [SD, 0.15 s–1], P<0.05) were significantly lower and apical rotation (11.3° [SD, 4.99°] vs. 8.30° [SD, 4.34°], P<0.05) as well as rotation rate (82.72°/s [SD, 28.24 °/s] vs. 71.00°/s [SD, 28.04 °/s], P<0.05) were significantly higher in the patients with moderate AR compared with the control patients. The LV systolic basal rotation, systolic radial strain, and diastolic radial strain rate were significantly reduced in the patients with severe AR compared with the control patients. The global longitudinal, radial strain, and LV systolic diameter were the independent predictors of LV ejection fraction in the patients with AR (R2=0.77). The LV systolic basal rotation in the control patients, diastolic longitudinal strain rate and systolic longitudinal strain in the patients with moderate and severe AR, respectively, were independent predictors of LV diastolic filling. Conclusions. LV long-axis dysfunction with an increased apical rotation was present in the patients with moderate AR, while LV radial function and systolic basal rotation were found to be reduced in more advanced disease. LV diastolic filling depended on diastolic and systolic LV strain and rotation components in the patients with AR.
Cesarean Delivery in Severe Pulmonary Hypertension: A Case Report
Authors: Rimaitis Kęstutis , Aliuškevičienė Asta , Adukauskienė Dalia , Rimaitis Marius , Macas Andrius
Published: April 2018

Pregnancy in a woman with pulmonary hypertension carries a prohibitively high risk of maternal mortality, and pregnancy is contraindicated in such patients. Some women decide to continue with their pregnancy despite being aware of possible fatal maternal outcome. The management of pulmonary hypertension in pregnancy is a challenge and requires a multiprofessional approach. We report the case of a patient with severe pulmonary hypertension, who successfully underwent elective cesarean section under epidural anesthesia at 38 weeks of gestation and discuss major issues associated with the obstetric and anesthetic management of pregnant patients with pulmonary hypertension.
Two Unusual Clinical Presentations of Broad-Ligament Leiomyomas: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Yıldız Pınar , Cengiz Hüseyin , Yıldız Gazi , Şam Aslı , Yavuzcan Ali , Bilal  , Şahin Levent
Published: April 2018

We report on two unusual clinical presentations of broad-ligament leiomyomas. The first case was a combination of broad-ligament leiomyoma and ectopic gestational sac at the same location. The other case was a broad-ligament leiomyoma presenting as an ovarian malignancy. The differential diagnosis of broad-ligament leiomyoma should be considered in cases of an adnexal mass. Additionally, a broad-ligament leiomyoma could be the reason for an ectopic pregnancy.
Diagnostic Methods, Treatment Modalities, and Follow-up of Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Vaišnytė Birutė , Vajauskas Donatas , Palionis Darius , Misonis Nerijus , Kurminas Marius , Nevidomskytė Daiva , Matačiūnas Mindaugas , Gutauskas Marijus , Laucevičius Aleksandras
Published: April 2018

Objective. Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are an uncommon vascular pathology that remains challenging to accurately diagnose and successfully treat. This study introduces a novel way to evaluate AVM treatment outcomes using transarterial lung perfusion scintigraphy (TLPS) and reports our treatment results. Material and Methods. The patients treated for extracranial AVMs were studied retrospectively. Diagnosis and outcomes were based on clinical data, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, angiography, and TLPS studies. The influence of gender; location, form, and stage of AVMs; first attempt at treatment; and treatment modalities was analyzed. Outcomes were defined as positive (cure, improvement, and remission) or negative (no remission and aggravation). Results. Of the 324 patients with congenital vascular malformations, 129 (39.8%) presented with AVMs, and the data of 56 treated patients with AVMs were analyzed. Of the 29 patients in the endovascularly treated group, 15 in the surgically treated group, and 12 in the combined treatment group, 24 (82.8%), 14 (93.3%), and 10 patients (83.3%), respectively, had positive outcomes (P>0.05). All outcomes were positive in surgically treated patients with extratruncular limited AVMs, and these patients were more likely to be cured as compared with those who had other forms of AVMs (OR, 5.8; 95% CI, 1.1–29; P=0.02). The patients with more advanced AVMs (stages III and IV) and with AVMs in the gluteal and pelvic region were more likely to have the worst outcomes than those with stage II AVMs (OR, 8.2; 95% CI, 1–72; P=0.03) and with AVMS in other locations (OR, 5.8; 95% CI, 1.1–29; P=0.02), respectively. Gender and age did not significantly influence treatment results (P>0.05). The TLPS data of 17 patients showed AV shunting ranging from 0% to 92%, which combined with other results helped identify 9 patients who needed further interventions, 6 who were treated successfully, and 2 who had insignificant shunting. Conclusions. The best outcomes were achieved in surgically treated patients with localized lesions and less advanced AVMs. For the first time in Lithuania, a modified TLPS method has been introduced that enhances a hemodynamic assessment of AV shunting and provides with a more accurate evaluation of AVMs to better serve in planning future treatments.
The Prevalence of Health Care-Associated Infections and Risk Factors in a University Hospital
Authors: Gailienė Greta , Gierasimovič Zita , Petruševičienė Daiva , Macijauskienė Aušra
Published: April 2018

The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of health care-associated infections, risk factors, and antimicrobial use. Material and Methods. The study was carried out as a point-prevalence study in acute care wards, i.e., intensive care, surgical, and medical wards, at Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Klinikos in April 2010. The study variables included the patient’s general data, indwelling devices, surgery, infection and its microbiological investigation, and antimicrobial use. All the variables that were logically related or had a P value of <0.25 in the univariate analysis were included in the stepwise logistic regression in order to study the factors potentially associated with health careassociated infections. Results. A total of 731 patients were surveyed. The overall prevalence rate of health care-associated infections was 3.8%. The prevalence of health care-associated infections differed by hospital wards (range 0.0%–19.2%). The lower respiratory tract (32.2%), urinary tract (28.5%), and surgical site infections (32.1%) were the most common health care-associated infections. Moreover, 89.3% of the cases of health care-associated infections were microbiologically investigated. Staphylococcus aureus (28.6%) and Escherichia coli (19.1%) were the most frequently isolated microorganisms. The use of one or more invasive devices was recorded in 332 patients (45.4%). Of the surveyed patients, 20.2% received antimicrobial agents. The most commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents were fluoroquinolones (21.1%), broad-spectrum penicillins (19.1%), and first- or second-generation cephalosporins (18.6%). Conclusions. The prevalence of health care-associated infections was found to be similar to the reported overall prevalence rate of health care-associated infections in acute care hospitals in Lithuania.
Modeling of Phase Equilibria in Ni-H: Bridging the Atomistic with the Continuum Scale
Authors: Korbmacher Dominique , Von Pezold Johann , Brinckmann Steffen , Neugebauer Jörg , Hüter Claas , Spatschek Robert
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we present a model which allows bridging the atomistic description of two-phase systems to the continuum level, using Ni-H as a model system. Considering configurational entropy, an attractive hydrogen–hydrogen interaction, mechanical deformations and interfacial effects, we obtained a fully quantitative agreement in the chemical potential, without the need for any additional adjustable parameter. We find that nonlinear elastic effects are crucial for a complete understanding of constant volume phase coexistence, and predict the phase diagram with and without elastic effects.
Open Design 3D-Printable Adjustable Micropipette that Meets the ISO Standard for Accuracy
Authors: Brennan Martin , Bokhari Fahad , Eddington David
Published: April 2018

Scientific communities are drawn to the open source model as an increasingly utilitarian method to produce and share work. Initially used as a means to develop freely-available software, open source projects have been applied to hardware including scientific tools. Increasing convenience of 3D printing has fueled the proliferation of open labware projects aiming to develop and share designs for scientific tools that can be produced in-house as inexpensive alternatives to commercial products. We present our design of a micropipette that is assembled from 3D-printable parts and some hardware that works by actuating a disposable syringe to a user-adjustable limit. Graduations on the syringe are used to accurately adjust the set point to the desired volume. Our open design printed micropipette is assessed in comparison with a commercial pipette and meets the ISO 8655 standards.
Particle-Based Microfluidic Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) Biosensing Utilizing Mass Amplification and Magnetic Bead Convection
Authors: Thies Jan-W. , Thürmann Bettina , Vierheller Anke , Dietzel Andreas
Published: April 2018

Microfluidic quartz crystal microbalances (QCM) can be used as powerful biosensors that not only allow quantifying a target analyte, but also provide kinetic information about the surface processes of binding and release. Nevertheless, their practical use as point-of-care devices is restricted by a limit of detection (LoD) of some ng/cm². It prohibits the measurement of small molecules in low concentrations within the initial sample. Here, two concepts based on superparamagnetic particles are presented that allow enhancing the LoD of a QCM. First, a particle-enhanced C-reactive protein (CRP) measurement on a QCM is shown. The signal response could be increased by a factor of up to five by utilizing the particles for mass amplification. Further, a scheme for sample pre-preparation utilizing convective up-concentration involving magnetic bead manipulation is investigated. These experiments are carried out with a glass device that is fabricated by utilizing a femtosecond laser. Operation regimes for the magnetic manipulation of particles within the microfluidic channel with integrated pole pieces that are activated by external permanent magnets are described. Finally, the potential combination of the concepts of mass amplification and up-concentration within an integrated lab-on-a chip device is discussed.
Long Non-Coding RNAs in Neuronal Aging
Authors: Pereira Fernandes Diana , Bitar Mainá , Jacobs Frank M. J. , Barry Guy
Published: April 2018

The expansion of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in organismal genomes has been associated with the emergence of sophisticated regulatory networks that may have contributed to more complex neuronal processes, such as higher-order cognition. In line with the important roles of lncRNAs in the normal functioning of the human brain, dysregulation of lncRNA expression has been implicated in aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. In this paper, we discuss the function and expression of known neuronal-associated lncRNAs, their impact on epigenetic changes, the contribution of transposable elements to lncRNA expression, and the implication of lncRNAs in maintaining the 3D nuclear architecture in neurons. Moreover, we discuss how the complex molecular processes that are orchestrated by lncRNAs in the aged brain may contribute to neuronal pathogenesis by promoting protein aggregation and neurodegeneration. Finally, this review explores the possibility that age-related disturbances of lncRNA expression change the genomic and epigenetic regulatory landscape of neurons, which may affect neuronal processes such as neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity.
Angular Photochromic LC Composite Film for an Anti-Counterfeiting Label
Authors: Gao Yanzi , Yao Wenhuan , Sun Jian , Li Kexuan , Zhang Lanying
Published: April 2018

In the harsh application environment, improving the mechanical properties of liquid crystal materials is a fundamental and important problem in the design of anti-counterfeit materials. In this paper, by a stepwise polymerization of first, photo-polymerization and subsequently thermal-polymerization, a coexistent polymer dispersed network was first constructed in cholesteric liquid crystal materials containing a photo-polymerizable system of urethane acrylate and a thermo-polymerizable system of isocyanate. Results revealed that the coexistent polymer dispersed network exhibited largely enhanced mechanical performance, and the networks obtained by different methods had different contributions to the enhancement of the peel strength and toughness of the composite films. Then an angular photochromic anti-fake label based on a coexistent polymer dispersed network with enhanced mechanical and apparent angular discoloration characteristics, suitable for practical applications, was successfully achieved.
Drugs and Religion: Contributions to the Debate on the Science–Religion Interface
Authors: Lopes Orivaldo , Costa Janaína
Published: April 2018

In this article, we present the results of our research, which aims to comprehend how the relationship between religion and the use of drugs operates in various contexts, but especially in the context of a prohibitionist paradigm. On the one hand, the story of human religious worship entails drug use, and on the other hand, religious groups form a set of important protagonists in the current “drug problem”, whether as moral agents or direct action activists (individual or community-based), and above all in close contact with the users. In one of these studies, we evaluated the public presence of Brazilian religions that use psychoactive substances ritually, and we verify that in the State’s regulatory process of this use, the presence of the scientific reference was a defining factor in the creation of public policies, and therefore, within the scope of civil rights for religious freedom. In another study, we evaluated the discourse of twenty religious leaders in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte—Brazil about drug use. We perceived that they have, in general, three stances: pure and simple condemnation, with no corresponding action in the public sphere; the use of substances considered drugs, along with public actions focused on the effort to gain acceptance of this practice; and finally, “comprehensive” condemnation, with frequent public group action or rehabilitation centers. Scientific references, in this study, permeate the discourse as an authenticating force in the religious speech. Ultimately, this reality allows us to question how the academic discourse unfolds in the scope of religion, interfering in the quality and intensity of its actions with relation to drugs, and we conclude that academic posture, often underestimated with relation to the religious institutions, does not aid in the effort to confront the social problems linked to drug abuse. Therefore, an increased interaction between academia and these institutions can generate a new approach to this very serious social problem in Brazil.