bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of fixed power allocation in wireless energy harvesting NOMA networks
Authors: Do Dinh‐Thuan , Le Chi‐Bao
Published: June 2019

The time switching‐based relaying (TSR) scheme is considered in energy harvesting protocol to implement with its advantage to nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system. In particular, decode‐and‐forward (DF) mode is proposed to employ in relay to forward signal to serve two far NOMA users. There are two main metrics including outage probability and ergodic rate, which are derived in exact expressions with respect to varying performance under impacts of energy harvesting fractions. To evaluate system performance, outage event and related capacity are illustrated, and we tailor performance gap among two NOMA users and such gap can be controlled by selecting of appropriate power allocation factors assigned for each user to obtain optimal performance. By examining node arrangement, target rates and varying transmit signal to noise ratio (SNR), it can be further achieved performance in several situations of such NOMA. As important result, the considered NOMA system outperforms than the conventional multiple access scheme, and this expected result is confirmed in numerical result and theoretical results. We also explore impacts of transmit power at source, noise power, the other key parameters of energy harvesting scheme to exhibit outage, and ergodic performance. Simulation results are presented to corroborate the proposed methodology.
Schiff base‐nickel, palladium, and platinum complexes derived from N‐cyclohexyl hydrazine carbothioamide and 3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzaldehyde: Selective antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects against colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Arafath Md. Azharul , Al‐Suede Fouad S. R. , Adam Farook , Al‐Juaid Salih , Khadeer Ahamed Mohamed B. , Majid Amin M. S. A.
Published: June 2019

The bidentate N‐cyclohexyl‐2‐(3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine‐1‐carbothioamide Schiff base ligand (HL) was coordinated to divalent nickel, palladium and platinum ions to form square planar complexes. The nickel and palladium complexes, [NiL2], [PdL2] form square planar complexes with 2:1 ligand to metal ratio. The platinum complex, [PtL(dmso)Cl] formed a square planar complex with 1:1 ligand to metal ratio. Platinum undergoes in situ reaction with DMSO before complexing with the ligand in solution. The cytotoxicity of HL, [NiL2], [PdL2], and [PtL(dmso)Cl] were evaluated against human colon cancer cell line (HCT‐116), human cervical cancer (Hela) cell line, melanoma (B16F10) cells, and human normal endothelial cell lines (Eahy926) by MTT assay. The [NiL2] complex displayed selective cytotoxic effect against the HCT 116 cancer cell line with IC50 of 7.9 ± 0.2 μM. However, HL, [PdL2], and [PtL(dmso)Cl] only exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity with IC50 = 75.9 ± 2.4, 100.0 ± 1.8, and 101.0 ± 3.6 μM, respectively. The potent cytotoxicity of [NiL2] was characterized using Hoechst and Rhodamine assays. The nickel complex, [NiL2], caused remarkable nuclear condensation and reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, molecular docking studies confirms that [NiL2] possesses significant binding efficiency with Tyrosine kinase. Altogether, the results revealed that [NiL2] exhibits cytotoxicity against the cancer cells via Tyrosine kinase‐induced proapoptosis pathway. This study demonstrates that the [NiL2] complex could be a promising therapeutic agent against colorectal carcinoma.
Effects of land‐cover changes on the partitioning of surface energy and water fluxes in Amazonia using high‐resolution satellite imagery
Authors: de Oliveira Gabriel , Brunsell Nathaniel A. , Moraes Elisabete C. , Shimabukuro Yosio E. , dos Santos Thiago V. , von Randow Celso , de Aguiar Renata G. , Aragao Luiz E.O.C.
Published: June 2019

Spatial variability of surface energy and water fluxes at local scales is strongly controlled by soil and micrometeorological conditions. Thus, the accurate estimation of these fluxes from space at high spatial resolution has the potential to improve prediction of the impact of land‐use changes on the local environment. In this study, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Large‐Scale Biosphere‐Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) data were used to examine the partitioning of surface energy and water fluxes over different land‐cover types in one wet year (2004) and one drought year (2005) in eastern Rondonia state, Brazil. The spatial variation of albedo, net radiation (Rn), soil (G) and sensible (H) heat fluxes, evapotranspiration (ET), and evaporative fraction (EF) were primarily related to the lower presence of forest (primary [PF] or secondary [SF]) in the western side of the Ji‐Parana River in comparison with the eastern side, located within the Jaru Biological Reserve protected area. Water limitation in this part of Amazonia tends to affect anthropic (pasture [PA] and agriculture [AG]) ecosystems more than the natural land covers (PF and SF). We found statistically significant differences on the surface fluxes prior to and ~1 year after the deforestation. Rn over forested areas is ~10% greater in comparison with PA and AG. Deforestation and consequent transition to PA or AG increased the total energy (~200–400%) used to heat the soil subsurface and raise air temperatures. These differences in energy partitioning contributed to approximately three times higher ET over forested areas in comparison with nonforested areas. The conversion of PF to AG is likely to have a higher impact in the local climate in this part of Amazonia when compared with the change to PA and SF, respectively. These results illustrate the importance of conserving secondary forest areas in Amazonia.
Dependable multi‐population improved brain storm optimization with differential evolution for optimal operational planning of energy plants
Authors: Arai Kiyo , Fukuyama Yoshikazu , Iizaka Tatsuya , Matsui Tetsuro
Published: June 2019

This paper proposes dependable multi‐population improved brain storm optimization with differential evolution for optimal operational planning of energy plants. The problem can be formulated as a mixed‐integer nonlinear programming problem and various evolutionary computation techniques such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), differential evolutionary PSO (DEEPSO), multi‐population DEEPSO (MP‐DEEPSO), and brain storm optimization have been applied so far. When optimal operational planning of numbers of energy plants is calculated simultaneously in a data center, a challenge is to generate optimal operational planning as rapidly as possible considering control intervals and numbers of treated plants. One of the solutions for the challenge is speeding up by parallel and distributed computing. It utilizes numbers of processes and countermeasures for various faults of the distributed processes should be considered. Moreover, successive calculation at every control interval is required for keeping customer services. Therefore, sustainable (dependable) calculation keeping appropriate solution quality is required even if some of the calculation results cannot be returned from distributed processes. It is verified that total energy cost by the proposed dependable multi‐population improved brain storm optimization with differential evolution strategy based method is lower than those by the compared methods, and higher quality of solutions can be kept even with high fault probabilities.
5,5′‐(1,4‐Dioxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrophthalazine‐6,7‐diyl)bis(oxy)diisophthalate‐Based Coordination Polymers and their TNP Sensing Ability
Authors: Wan Ke‐Ke , Yu Jie‐Hui , Yang Qing‐Feng , Xu Ji‐Qing
Published: June 2019

The simple hydrothermal self‐assembly of metal ions, 5,5′‐(4,5‐dicarboxy‐1,2‐phenylene)bis(oxy)diisophthalic acid (L1'), and N2H4·H2O at pH = 8 (adjusted by oxalic acid) created two new acylhydrazinetetracarboxylate‐extended 3‐D Sr2+ and Ba2+ coordination polymers [Sr2(HL1)(H2O)] (H5L1 = 5,5′‐(1,4‐dioxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrophthalazine‐6,7‐diyl)bis(oxy)diisophthalic acid) 1 and [Ba5(HL1)2(ox)(H2O)2]·6H2O·N2H4 (ox = oxalate) 2. H5L1 originated from the in situ acylation of L1′ with N2H4. X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction analysis reveals that (i) the 3‐D network of 1 is based on a rod‐like secondary building unit (SBU), which can be described as an alternate arrangement of two types of dinuclear Sr‐O clusters; (ii) the 3‐D network of 2 is also based on a rod‐like SBU. The different is that the SBU for 2 can be described as an alternate arrangement of a kind of trinuclear cluster and a kind of tetranuclear cluster. Both 1 and 2 emit blue light. With regard to their good photoluminescence properties, their trinitrophenol (TNP) sensing ability was investigated. The results indicate that both can selectively detect TNP. The quenching constants Ksv are calculated to be 3.21 × 104 m–1 for 1 and 2.98 × 104 m–1 for 2, respectively.
Enol Ester Intermediate Induced Metal‐Free Oxidative Coupling of Carboxylic Acids and Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Xu Xianjun , Feng Huangdi , Li Huiqiong , Huang Liliang
Published: June 2019

A facile, efficient and environmentally friendly methodology for the preparation of phenolic esters is realized via metal‐free coupling of carboxylic acids and arylboronic acids. This sequential one pot reaction, employing methyl propiolate as an activating reagent, proceeds through the formation of enol ester intermediate, followed by a nucleophilic attack on the C‐O bond under the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide. These studies display that enol esters, despite previously being overlooked as synthetic intermediates, would be the valuable building blocks for developing carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond‐forming reactions.
Integrating geochronologic and instrumental approaches across the Bengal Basin
Authors: Chamberlain Elizabeth L. , Goodbred Steven L. , Hale Richard , Steckler Michael S. , Wallinga Jakob , Wilson Carol
Published: June 2019

Constraining time is of critical importance to evaluating the rates and relative contributions of processes driving landscape change in sedimentary basins. The geomorphic character of the field setting guides the application of geochronologic or instrumental tools to this problem, because the viability of methods can be highly influenced by geomorphic attributes. For example, sediment yield and the linked potential for organic preservation may govern the usefulness of radiocarbon dating. Similarly, the rate of sediment transport from source to sink may determine the maturity and/or light exposure of mineral grains arriving in the delta and thus the feasibility of luminescence dating. Here, we explore the viability and quirks of dating and instrumental methods that have been applied in the Bengal Basin, and review the records that they have yielded. This immense, dynamic, and spatially variable system hosts the world's most inhabited delta. Outlining a framework for successful chronologic applications is thus of value to managing water and sediment resources for humans, here and in other populated deltas worldwide. Our review covers radiocarbon dating, luminescence dating, archaeological records and historical maps, short‐lived radioisotopes, horizon markers and rod surface elevation tables, geodetic observations, and surface instrumentation. Combined, these tools can be used to reconstruct the history of the Bengal Basin from Late Pleistocene to present day. The growing variety and scope of Bengal Basin geochronology and instrumentation opens doors for research integrating basin processes across spatial and temporal scales. © 2019 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Na3TiV(PO4)3/C nanoparticles for sodium‐ion symmetrical and full batteries
Authors: Gao Wei , Zhan Renming , Aslam Muhammad K. , Liu Dingyu , Jiang Jian , Xu Maowen
Published: June 2019

Na3TiV(PO4)3/C nanoparticles are synthesized by a simple ball‐milling method and studied for sodium‐ion symmetrical and full batteries. Symmetrical battery assembled with Na3TiV(PO4)3/C nanoparticles shows good structural stability and acceptable capacity. Sodium‐ion full battery exhibits an initial capacity of 200 mA h g−1 and maintains 90 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles when the presodiated commercial hard carbon is chosen as the anode. Moreover, the wide sources of raw materials and low environmental pollution mean that Na3TiV(PO4)3/C nanoparticles may have certain industrial prospects.
Primary organ preservation vs total laryngectomy for T4a larynx cancer
Authors: Oh Justin , Prisman Eitan , Olson Robert , Berthelet Eric , Wu Jonn , Tran Eric , Bakos Brendan , Kaviani Rojin , Hamilton Sarah Nicole
Published: June 2019

Background

There is a lack of consensus regarding the management of T4a larynx cancer. We evaluated the outcomes of organ preservation and laryngectomy for T4a laryngeal cancer.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of patients with T4a larynx cancer at BC Cancer from 1984 to 2014 was performed. Outcomes in patients treated with surgery alone (Sx) (n = 47), surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy (Sx/RT) (n = 94), radiation alone (RT) (n = 152), and radiation with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (chemoRT) (n = 36) were compared.

Results

The 5‐year overall survival (OS) was 40% for chemoRT, 34% for RT, 23% for Sx, and 45% for Sx/RT. On multivariate analysis (MVA), Sx/RT (hazard ratio [HR], 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48‐0.91) and chemoRT (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.26‐0.72) were associated with better OS than RT alone (P = .001). Sx had similar OS compared to RT (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.82‐1.68).

Conclusions

ChemoRT and Sx/RT were associated with better OS compared to single modality treatment. ChemoRT may be considered as an option for T4a larynx cancer.
The injury workforce in Western Australia: Findings from a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Jancey Jonine , Crawford Gemma , Hunt Kristen , Wold Catrina , Leavy Justine , Hallett Jonathan
Published: June 2019

Issue addressed

Since 1986, injury prevention and control has been classified as a National Health Priority. However, no reviews into the injury prevention workforce have been conducted in Australia since 2011 and to date; none has focused specifically on the injury prevention and safety promotion sector in Western Australia (WA). This research sought to review the scope of the injury prevention and safety promotion workforce in WA to gain a greater understanding of sector characteristics, work and needs.

Methods

An online, cross‐sectional survey was conducted between mid‐January and mid‐March 2018. Participants were required to be: (a) based in WA or have a program running within WA; and (b) working in injury prevention and safety promotion relating to programs, policy or legislation development, implementation and/or evaluation within intentional (eg interpersonal violence, suicide and self‐harm) or unintentional injuries (eg transport, poisoning, falls, drowning, burns) or farm, child and community, occupational health and safety, sport and recreation and trauma.

Results

The research found that participants were predominantly female (82%), aged 40 years or older (66.1%) and were employed full time (55.6%). The majority of participants worked in falls prevention (38.5%), alcohol and other drugs (38.0%), injury in general (31.8%) and community safety (30.7%).

Conclusions

Findings demonstrate significant heterogeneity with a core workforce supported by a range of non‐core and indirect actors. Identifying characteristics and needs of the workforce supports coordinated capacity building to implement effective injury prevention and safety promotion initiatives. With this being the first review of the workforce in WA, this article highlights the need to more regularly audit the sector to determine its breadth and composition.

So what?

In the light of the recent announcement by the Commonwealth for a new national Injury Prevention Strategy, this study provides timely insights into the injury prevention and safety promotion sector in WA.
Groundwater response to tidal fluctuations in a leaky confined coastal aquifer with a finite length
Authors: Zhao Zhixue , Wang Xiaoguang , Hao Yonghong , Wang Tongke , Jardani Abderrahim , Jourde Herve , Yeh Tian‐Chyi Jim , Zhang Ming
Published: June 2019

The study on the hydraulic properties of coastal aquifers has significant implications both in hydrological sciences and environmental engineering. Although many analytical solutions are available, most of them are based on the same basic assumption that assumes aquifers extend landward semi‐infinitely, which does not necessarily reflect the reality. In this study, the general solutions for a leaky confined coastal aquifer have been developed that consider both finitely landward constant‐head and no‐flow boundaries. The newly developed solutions were then used to examine theoretically the joint effects of leakage and aquifer length on hydraulic head fluctuations within the leaky confined aquifer, and the validity of using the simplified solution, which assumes the aquifer is semi‐infinite. The results illustrated that the use of the simplified solution may cause significant errors, depending on joint effects of leakage and aquifer length. A dimensionless characteristic parameter was then proposed as an index for judging the applicability of the simplified solution. In addition, practical application of the general solution for the constant‐head inland boundary was used to characterize the hydraulic properties of a leaky confined aquifer using the data collected from a field site at the Seine River estuary, France, and the versatility of the general solution was further justified.
Voxel selection framework based on meta‐heuristic search and mutual information for brain decoding
Authors: Hourani Osama , Charkari Nasrollah Moghadam , Jalili Saeed
Published: June 2019

Visual stimulus decoding is an increasingly important challenge in neuroscience. The goal is to classify the activity patterns from the human brain; during the sighting of visual objects. One of the crucial problems in the brain decoder is the selecting informative voxels. We propose a meta‐heuristic voxel selection framework for brain decoding. It is composed of four phases: preprocessing of fMRI data; filtering insignificant voxels; postprocessing; and meta‐heuristics selection. The main contribution is benefiting a meta‐heuristics search algorithm to guide a wrapper voxel selection. The main criterion to nominate a voxel is based on its mutual information with the provided stimulus label. The results show impressive accuracy rates which are 90.66 ± 3.66 and 91.61 ± 8.24 for DS105 and DS107, respectively. This outperforms the most of existing brain decoders in similar validation conditions. The experimental results are very encouraging which can be successfully used in the brain‐computer interface.
Assessment and treatment of high‐risk challenging behavior of adolescents with autism in an aquatic setting
Authors: Dowdy Art , Tincani Matt
Published: June 2019

Aquatic‐based activities produce positive skill and health benefits for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); however, aquatic contexts, such as the pool, introduce the risk of injury and drowning. This risk is heightened when individuals with ASD engage in challenging behavior in the pool context. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of differential reinforcement without extinction for 2 participants diagnosed with ASD who engaged in challenging behavior when asked to transition from the pool. The treatment successfully decreased participants' transition latencies and challenging behavior during transitions from the pool for up to 2 months following treatment. Lifeguard staff rated the procedures as highly acceptable and helpful, and noted high degrees of satisfaction with improvements for each participant's behavior.
The quality of medication optimization among patients with transient ischemic attack or minor stroke
Authors: Myers Jaclyn , Bravata Dawn M. , Sico Jason , Myers Laura , Chaturvedi Seemant , Cheng Eric , Baye Fitsum , Zillich Alan J.
Published: June 2019

Objective

To assess the quality of medication optimization for transient ischemic attack (TIA) and minor stroke patients across the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), and to identify characteristics predicting medication optimization for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. The scope of this study focuses on these three medication‐related conditions and defines optimization as medication changes or additions made within a guideline‐defined timeframe.

Methods

We constructed a retrospective cohort including all patients discharged with a TIA or minor stroke (index event) in any VHA Emergency Department (ED) or inpatient setting during fiscal year 2011. Inpatient and outpatient medical/pharmacy data were collected from a variety of electronic health sources for 1 year prior to and up to 90 days after discharge. Medication optimization for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes was defined using relevant VHA and American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines. For each of the three medication‐based outcomes, multivariable logistic regression models examined demographic, past medical history, and other clinical variables to identify predictors of optimization.

Results

Among 8427 patients, 33.7% (n = 2837) were eligible for medication optimization for hypertension, 55.2% (n = 4655) for hyperlipidemia, and 7.2% (n = 606) for diabetes. Guideline‐concordant medication optimization occurred for 28% of eligible patients with hypertension, 28% of patients with hyperlipidemia, and 34% of patients with diabetes. Factors that were associated with medication optimization included younger age, inpatient stay (vs discharge from the ED), greater baseline disease severity (higher blood pressure, low‐density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol, or hemoglobin A1c [glycated hemoglobin]), and primary care follow‐up within 30 days after the index event.

Conclusion

One‐third or fewer eligible patients with TIA or minor stroke had their medications optimized in a timely manner in concordance with evidence‐based guidelines. Interventions to improve timely medication optimization are needed to reduce the risk of recurrent vascular events in this high‐risk population.
Inverse spatially‐offset Raman spectroscopy using optical fibers: An axicon lens‐free approach
Authors: Khan Khan Mohd. , Dutta Surjendu B. , Kumar Nitin , Dalal Anita , Srivastava Amrita , Krishna Hemant , Majumder Shovan K.
Published: June 2019

Inverse spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (I‐SORS) seeks to interrogate deep inside a Raman‐active, layered, diffusely scattering sample. It makes a collimated laser beam incident onto the sample surface in the form of concentric illumination rings (of varying radii) from whose center the back‐scattered Raman signal is collected for detection. Since formation of illumination rings of different sizes requires an axicon to be moved along the axis of the collimated laser beam and axicons below a certain minimum size (~1 inch) are not readily available, this classical configuration incorporating an axicon cannot be used for designing a compact I‐SORS probe of narrower diameter. We report a novel scheme of implementing I‐SORS which overcomes this limitation by implementing ring illumination and point collection using two multi‐mode optical fibers. An important advantage of the proposed scheme is that unlike the previously reported inverse SORS configurations, it does not require physical movement of any of the optical components for generating spatial offsets needed for probing sub‐surface depths. Another advantage is its fiber‐optic configuration which is ideally suited for designing a compact and pencil‐sized I‐SORS probe, often desired in many practical situations for carrying out depth‐sensitive Raman measurements in situ from a layered turbid sample.
XIST/miR‐376c‐5p/OPN axis modulates the influence of proinflammatory M1 macrophages on osteoarthritis chondrocyte apoptosis
Authors: Li Lei , Lv Guohua , Wang Bing , Kuang Lei
Published: June 2019

The inflammatory microenvironment in the joints is one of the critical issues during osteoarthritis (OA) and also the main factor that may aggravate symptoms. Under inflammatory microenvironment, M1 macrophages are activated and produce large numbers of proinflammatory mediators, leading to the production of degradative enzymes, the disturbance of chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage catabolic processes, and finally the deterioration of OA. In the present study, we reveal that the overexpression of osteopontin (OPN), a cytokine, and a matrix protein involved in arthritis and chondrocyte apoptosis in OA, could exacerbate the inflammatory microenvironment in OA via promoting the production of proinflammation cytokines and the levels of degradative enzymes in M1 macrophages, therefore, enhancing the cytotoxicity of M1 macrophage on chondrocytes. XIST expression significantly increases in OA tissue specimens. XIST serves as a competing endogenous RNA for miR‐376c‐5p to compete with OPN for miR‐376c‐5p binding, thus counteracting miR‐376c‐5p‐mediated OPN suppression. XIST knockdown could improve the inflammatory microenvironment in OA via acting on M1 macrophages, subsequently affecting the apoptosis of cocultured chondrocytes. miR‐376c‐5p inhibition exerts an opposing effect on M1 macrophages and cocultured chondrocytes, as well as significantly reverses the effect of XIST knockdown. As a further confirmation, XIST and OPN mRNA expression significantly increased in OA tissues and was positively correlated in tissue samples. In summary, we provide a novel mechanism of macrophages and the inflammatory microenvironment affecting chondrocyte apoptosis. XIST and OPN might be potential targets for OA treatment, which needs further in vivo experimental confirmation.
Identification of 17 mRNAs and a miRNA as an integrated prognostic signature for lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jingyun , Bing Zhitong , Yan Peijing , Tian Jinhui , Shi Xiue , Wang Yongfeng , Yang Kehu
Published: June 2019

Background

Gene signatures for predicting the outcome of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) have been employed for many years. However, various signatures have been applied in clinical practice. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to filter out an effective LUSC prognostic gene signature by simultaneously integrating mRNA and microRNA (miRNA).

Methods

First, based on data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (https://www.cancer.gov/tcga), mRNAs and miRNAs that were related to overall survival of LUSC were obtained by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method. Subsequently, the predicting effect was tested by time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Next, related clinical indices were added to evaluate the efficiency of the selected gene signatures. Finally, validation and comparison using three independent gene signatures were performed using data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo).

Results

Our data showed that the prognostic index (PI) contained 17 mRNAs and one miRNA. According to the best normalized cut‐off of PI (0.0247), the hazard ratio of the PI was 3.40 (95% confidence interval = 2.33–4.96). Moreover, when clinical factors were introduced, the PI was still the most significant index. In addition, only two Gene Ontology terms withp < 0.05 were reported. Furthermore, validation implied that, using our 18‐gene signature, only hazard ratio = 1.36 (95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.83) was significant compared to the other three groups of gene biomarkers.

Conclusions

The 18‐gene signature selected based on data from the TCGA database had an effective prognostic value for LUSC patients.
New parameters of ultrafast dynamic contrast‐enhanced breast MRI using compressed sensing
Authors: Honda Maya , Kataoka Masako , Onishi Natsuko , Iima Mami , Ohashi Akane , Kanao Shotaro , Nickel Marcel Dominik , Toi Masakazu , Togashi Kaori
Published: June 2019

Background

Ultrafast dynamic contrast‐enhanced (UF‐DCE) breast MRI is considered a promising method of accelerated breast MRI. However, the value of new kinetic parameters derived from UF‐DCE need clinical evaluation.

Purpose

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the maximum slope (MS), time to enhancement (TTE), and time interval between arterial and venous visualization (AVI) derived from UF‐DCE MRI using compressed sensing (CS).

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

Seventy‐five patients with histologically proven breast lesions. The total number of analyzed lesions was 90 (61 malignant and 29 benign).

Field Strength/Sequence

3T MRI with UF‐DCE MRI based on the 3D gradient‐echo volumetric interpolated breath‐hold examination (VIBE) sequence using incoherent k‐space sampling combined with a CS reconstruction followed by conventional DCE MRI.

Assessment

The diagnostic performance of the MS, TTE, AVI, and conventional kinetic analysis was analyzed and compared with histology.

Statistical Tests

Wilcoxon rank sum test, receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Results

The MS was larger and the TTE and AVI were smaller for malignant lesions compared with benign lesions: MS: 29.3%/s and 18.4%/s (P < 0.001), TTE: 7.0 and 12.0 seconds (P < 0.001), AVI: 2.7 and 4.4 frames (P = 0.006) for malignant and benign lesions. The discriminating power of the MS (area under the curve [AUC], 0.76) was slightly better than that of conventional kinetic analysis (AUC, 0.69) and comparable to that of the TTE and AVI (AUC, 0.78 and 0.76 for TTE and AVI, respectively). Invasive lobular carcinoma had smaller MS (21.8%/s) among malignant lesions (29.3%/s).

Data Conclusion

The MS, TTE, and AVI can be used to evaluate breast lesions with clinical performance equivalent to that of conventional kinetic analysis. These parameters vary among histologies.

Level of Evidence: 3

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:164–174.
High‐performance liquid chromatographic and subcritical fluid chromatographic separation of α‐arylated ß‐carboline, N‐alkylated tetrahydroisoquinolines and their bioisosteres on polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phases
Authors: Bajtai Attila , Lajkó Gyula , Németi Gábor , Szatmári István , Fülöp Ferenc , Péter Antal , Ilisz István
Published: June 2019

New, pharmacologically interesting chiral amino compounds, namely, stereoisomers of α‐hydroxynaphthyl‐ß‐carboline, benz[d]azepine and benz[c]azepine analogs as well as N‐α‐hydroxynaphthylbenzyl‐substituted isoquinolines were enantioseparated by high‐performance liquid chromatographic and subcritical fluid chromatographic methods on polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phases. Separation of the stereoisomers was optimized in both subcritical fluid chromatography and normal phase liquid chromatographic modes by investigating the effects of the composition of the bulk solvent, temperature, and the structures of the analytes and selectors. Both normal phase liquid chromatography and subcritical fluid chromatography exhibited satisfactory performance, albeit with somewhat different effectiveness in the separation of the stereoisomers studied. The optimized methods offer the possibility to apply preparative‐scale separations thereby enabling further pharmacological investigations of the enantiomers.
Autophagy facilitates the release of immunogenic signals following chemotherapy in 3D models of mesothelioma
Authors: Follo Carlo , Cheng Yao , Richards William G. , Bueno Raphael , Broaddus V. Courtney
Published: June 2019

We have previously shown that nearly half of mesothelioma patients have tumors with low autophagy and that these patients have a significantly worse outcome than those with high autophagy. We hypothesized that autophagy may be beneficial by facilitating immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells following chemotherapy. An important hallmark of ICD is that death of tumor cells is preceded or accompanied by the release of damage‐associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), which then can stimulate an antitumor immune response. Therefore, we measured how autophagy affected the release of three major DAMPs: high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), ATP, and calreticulin following chemotherapy. We found that autophagy in three‐dimensional (3D) models with low autophagy at baseline could be upregulated with the cell‐permeant Tat‐BECN1 peptide and confirmed that autophagy in 3D models with high autophagy at baseline could be inhibited with MRT 68921 or ATG7 RNAi, as we have previously shown. In in vitro 3D spheroids, we found that, when autophagy was high or upregulated, DAMPs were released following chemotherapy; however, when autophagy was low or inhibited, DAMPs release was significantly impaired. Similarly, in ex vivo tumors, when autophagy was high or upregulated, HMGB1 was released following chemotherapy but, when autophagy was low, HMGB1 release was not seen. We conclude that autophagy can be upregulated in at least some tumors with low autophagy and that upregulation of autophagy can restore the release of DAMPs following chemotherapy. Autophagy may be necessary for ICD in this tumor.
The role of integrins in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease: Approved and investigational anti‐integrin therapies
Authors: Dotan Iris , Allez Matthieu , Danese Silvio , Keir Mary , Tole Swati , McBride Jacqueline
Published: June 2019

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by uncontrolled inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. The underlying pathobiology of IBD includes an increase in infiltrating gut‐homing lymphocytes. Although lymphocyte homing is typically a tightly regulated and stepwise process involving multiple integrins and adhesion molecules expressed on endothelial cells, the distinct roles of integrin‐expressing immune cells is not fully understood in the pathology of IBD. In this review, we detail the involvement of integrins expressed on specific lymphocyte subsets in the pathogenesis of IBD and discuss the current status of approved and investigational integrin‐targeted therapies.
Tea Consumption and Health Outcomes: Umbrella Review of Meta‐Analyses of Observational Studies in Humans
Authors: Yi Mengshi , Wu Xiaoting , Zhuang Wen , Xia Lin , Chen Yi , Zhao Rui , Wan Qianyi , Du Liang , Zhou Yong
Published: June 2019

Scope

The aim of this article is to conduct an umbrella review to study the strength and validity of associations between tea consumption and diverse health outcomes.

Methods and results

Meta‐analyses of observational studies examining associations between tea consumption and health outcomes in all human populations and settings are screened. The umbrella review identifies 96 meta‐analyses with 40 unique health outcomes. Tea consumption shows greater benefits than harm to health in this review. Dose–response analyses of tea consumption indicates reduced risks of total mortality, cardiac death, coronary artery disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes mellitus with increment of two to three cups per day. Beneficial associations are also found for several cancers, skeletal, cognitive, and maternal outcomes. Harmful associations are found for esophageal and gastric cancer when the temperature of intake is more than 55–60 °C.

Conclusion

Tea consumption, except for very hot tea, seems generally safe at usual levels of intake, with summary estimates indicating the largest reduction for diverse health outcomes at two to three cups per day. Generally, tea consumption seems more beneficial than harmful in this umbrella review. Randomized controlled trials are further needed to understand whether the observed associations are causal.
Birth of a marmoset following injection of elongated spermatid from a prepubertal male
Authors: Ogonuki Narumi , Abe Yukiko , Kurotaki Yoko K. , Nakao Kazuki , Aiba Atsu , Sasaki Erika , Ogura Atsuo
Published: June 2019

The common marmoset is a small nonhuman primate in which the application of transgenesis and genetic knockout techniques allows the generation of gene‐modified models of human diseases. However, its longer generation time than that of rodents is a major obstacle to the widespread use of gene‐modified marmosets for biomedical research. In this study, we examined the feasibility of shortening the generation time by using prepubertal marmoset males as gamete donors. We collected late round stage spermatids (Steps 5–7), elongated spermatids, and testicular spermatozoa from the testis of a prepubertal 11‐month‐old male marmoset and injected them into in vitro‐matured oocytes. After 7 days in culture, two embryos from elongated spermatid injection and two embryos from sperm injection were transferred into two separate recipient females. The recipient female that received elongated spermatid injection‐derived embryos became pregnant and gave birth to one female infant. This is the first demonstration that a spermatid from a prepubertal male primate can support full‐term development. Using this method, we can expect to obtain offspring of gene‐modified males 6 months to a year earlier than with natural mating
The validation of the Dutch OAB‐q SF: An overactive bladder symptom bother and health‐related quality of life short‐form questionnaire
Authors: Groenendijk Ilse M. , Scheepe Jeroen R. , Noordhoff Toscane C. , Blok Bertil F. M.
Published: June 2019

Aims

The overactive bladder quality of life short‐form questionnaire (OAB‐q SF) evaluates both symptom bother and health‐related quality of life in patients with OAB, a highly prevalent disease. The objective of this study was to translate and validate a Dutch version of the OAB‐q SF.

Methods

The translation into Dutch and validation process of the OAB‐q SF was performed according to standardized guidelines. Patients with OAB who visited the department of Urology outpatient clinic completed the questionnaires OAB‐q SF, European Quality of life 5‐Dimension 5‐Level questionnaire (EQ‐5D‐5L), Urogenital Distress Inventory 6 (UDI‐6), and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Overactive Bladder (ICIQ‐OAB) at baseline (test) and 2 weeks later (retest). A reference group from the department of Allergology outpatient clinic completed the same questionnaires once. The evaluated measurement properties included content validity, internal consistency, reproducibility, criterion validity, and construct validity.

Results

Fifty‐two patients were included in the study group and 51 references were included. The content validity was adequate and the internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's α > 0.80). The reproducibility was good with intraclass correlation coefficients higher than 0.70. Patient's OAB‐q SF scores were moderately to strongly correlated with the UDI‐6, ICIQ‐OAB, and the EQ‐5D‐5L confirming the criterion validity. A good construct validity was demonstrated with significant higher scores of the OAB‐q SF score in patients compared to references.

Conclusions

The Dutch OAB‐q SF is a reliable and valid measure to evaluate symptom bother and health‐related quality of life in patients with OAB.
A novel minimum weight formulation of topology optimization implemented with reanalysis approach
Authors: Long Kai , Gu Chunlu , Wang Xuan , Liu Jie , Du Yixian , Chen Zhuo , Saeed Nouman
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we develop an efficient diagonal quadratic optimization formulation for minimum weight design problem subject to multiple constraints. A high‐efficiency computational approach of topology optimization is implemented within the framework of approximate reanalysis. The key point of the formulation is the introduction of the reciprocal‐type variables. The topology optimization seeking for minimum weight can be transformed as a sequence of quadratic program with separable and strictly positive definite Hessian matrix, thus can be solved by a sequential quadratic programming approach. A modified sensitivity filtering scheme is suggested to remove undesirable checkerboard patterns and mesh dependence. Several typical examples are provided to validate the presented approach. It is observed that the optimized structure can achieve lighter weight than those from the established method by the demonstrative numerical test. Considerable computational savings can be achieved without loss of accuracy of the final design for 3D structure. Moreover, the effects of multiple constraints and upper bound of the allowable compliance upon the optimized designs are investigated by numerical examples.
Fish exploitation in medieval and early modern Switzerland: Evidence from the ichthyoarchaeological record and historical sources
Authors: Häberle Simone , Hüster Plogmann Heide
Published: June 2019

In Switzerland, fish played a substantial role in people's diets both in medieval times and in the early modern period. In this paper, we present an overview of ichthyoarchaeological data from 20 years of research, mainly from the northern and eastern regions of Switzerland. The integration of results of faunal analyses from 20 archaeological sites, and the study of historical sources provided information on different modes of fish exploitation during these periods. This study shows that the fish remains from archaeological sites correspond with the descriptions in the written records: Both sources point to local fisheries within Swiss freshwater systems. These fisheries were strongly regulated and often selective. Large freshwater fish of high quality was mainly caught by professional fishermen and eaten by the aristocratic and clerical classes, whereas small or young specimens were caught by all social classes even though their catch was strongly restricted. Furthermore, both sources provide evidence for an inland freshwater fish trade of selected species and for the import of herring and suggest the practice of different freshwater fish cultivation methods.
Ontogenetic dental patterns in Pleistocene hyenas (Crocuta crocuta Erxleben, 1777) and their palaeobiological implications
Authors: Jimenez Israel Jesus , Sanz Montserrat , Daura Joan , De Gaspar Ignacio , García Nuria
Published: June 2019

During the Pleistocene, humans and hyenas co‐occurred at sites, which included cavities and rock‐shelters, accumulating bone assemblages attributable to both the hominids and carnivores. Studies of these co‐occurrences have given rise to much debate about the relationships established, suggesting that an interpretation of the nature of the biological activities conducted could be useful for understanding predator behaviour and for reconstructing the palaeobiology of these sites. Dentition analysis is an effective technique, employed in zooarchaeological studies, to interpret the use of shared spaces. However, to date, tooth development studies aimed at determining the age of an archaeological assemblage are scarce. At Pleistocene sites, isolated hyena teeth are typically the most common elements. In Terrasses de la Riera dels Canyars (Gavà, Barcelona, NE Iberian Peninsula), a fluvial deposit dated at  ̴39.6 ka cal Before the Present (BP) (Heinrich Stadial 4) with a sizeable record of large mammals and just a few lithic tools (Aurignacian), cranial and postcranial hyena bones are remarkably well‐preserved, exhibiting all their ontogenetic stages. Here, we conduct an analysis of dental ontogeny (employing X‐ray imaging techniques), wear and replacement, and propose four age categories for hyena juveniles and one category for subadults based on complete (or almost complete) mandibles and maxillae. By employing these five, more detailed, age clusters, the minimum number of individuals is found to increase. Application of the method to the site's isolated teeth confirms its validity. The hyena mortality pattern recorded at Canyars, together with descriptions of extant hyena behaviour, indicate that the site was used primarily as a communal den.
Can Light‐Touch College‐Going Interventions Make a Difference? Evidence from a Statewide Experiment in Michigan
Authors: Hyman Joshua
Published: June 2019

I conduct a statewide experiment in Michigan with nearly 50,000 high‐achieving high school seniors. Treated students are mailed a letter encouraging them to consider college and providing them with the web address of a college information website. I find that very high‐achieving, low‐income students, and very high‐achieving, minority students are the most likely to navigate to the website. Small changes to letter content affect take‐up. For example, highlighting college affordability induces 18 percent more students to the website than highlighting college choice, and 37 percent more than highlighting how to apply to college. I find a statistically precise zero impact on college enrollment among all students who were mailed the letter. However, low‐income students experience a small increase in the probability that they enroll in college, driven by increases at four‐year institutions. An examination of persistence through college, while imprecise, suggests that the students induced into college by the intervention persist at a lower rate than the inframarginal student.
Gamma‐secretase complex‐dependent intramembrane proteolysis of CD147 regulates the Notch1 signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yong Yu‐Le , Zhang Ren‐Yu , Liu Ze‐Kun , Wei Ding , Shang Yu‐Kui , Wu Jiao , Zhang Zhi‐Yun , Li Can , Chen Zhi‐Nan , Bian Huijie
Published: June 2019

The γ‐secretase complex is a presenilin‐dependent aspartyl protease involved in the intramembranous cleavage of various type I transmembrane proteins. As a type I transmembrane protein, CD147 is highly expressed in hepatoma cells and promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. However, the direct underlying mechanism of how CD147 promotes cancer cell proliferation is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that CD147 undergoes an intramembranous cleavage by the γ‐secretase at lysine 231 to release its intracellular domains (ICDs). The nuclear translocation of the CD147ICD regulated Notch1 expression by directly binding to theNOTCH1promoter and promoted the activation of the Notch signaling pathway. Simultaneously, overexpression of CD147ICD promoted cancer cell proliferation via Notch1 signaling. In 102 cases of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues, patients with a high positive rate of nuclear CD147ICD expression had a significantly poor overall survival compared with patients with a low positive rate of nuclear CD147ICD expression. We confirmed that nuclear CD147ICD predicted a poor prognosis in human HCC. The combined therapy of the γ‐secretase complex inhibitor and CD147‐directed antibody showed better efficacy than monotherapy in orthotopic transplantation HCC mouse models. In conclusion, CD147 is cleaved by the γ‐secretase and releases CD147ICD to the cell nucleus, promoting Notch1 expression via direct binding to theNOTCH1promoter. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phthalic anhydride promoted ring‐opening polymerization of cyclohexene oxide catalyzed by dinuclear chromium complex supported by piperazine‐bridged [ONSO] ligand
Authors: Wang Meige , Huang Jie , Xu Yunpeng , Han Bing , Duan Zhongyu
Published: June 2019

New bimetallic chromium complexes bearing a piperazine‐bridged tetradentate‐dianionic iminethiobis(phenolate) (ONSO) ligand and an ancillary chloride group (complex 1) have been developed. Of interest, it was found that the complex 1 catalyzed copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide with phthalic anhydride (PA) gives a product with more than 97% ether linkage content, i.e. selective synthesis of poly(cyclohexene oxide), which is in sharp contrast to the mononuclear [ONSO]CrCl analogue where a resulting polymer with more than 86% ester units is achieved under identical conditions. The influences of PA loading, reaction time and temperature on the polymerization were investigated. According to the kinetics data, the apparent activation energy of the ring‐opening polymerization of cyclohexene oxide is 12.5 kJ mol−1. A cationic polymerization mechanism is proposed according to the polymer structure and the interaction between metal complex 1 and PA. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry