bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rectal cancer profiling identifies distinct subtypes in India based on age at onset, genetic, epigenetic and clinicopathological characteristics
Authors: Laskar Ruhina Shirin , Ghosh Sankar Kumar , Talukdar Fazlur Rahman
Published: November 2014

Rectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease that develops through multiple pathways characterized by genetic and epigenetic alterations. India has a comparatively higher proportion of rectal cancers and early‐onset cases. We analyzed genetic (KRAS, TP53 and BRAF mutations, and MSI), epigenetic alterations (CpG island methylation detection of 10 tumor‐related genes/loci), the associated clinicopathological features and survival trend in 80 primary rectal cancer patients from India. MSI was detected using BAT 25 and BAT 26 mononucleotide markers and mutation of KRAS, TP53, and BRAF V600E was detected by direct sequencing. Methyl specific polymerase chain reaction was used to determine promoter methylation status of the classic CIMP panel markers (P16, hMLH1, MINT1, MINT2, and MINT31) as well as other tumor specific genes (DAPK, RASSF1, BRCA1, and GSTP1). MSI and BRAF mutations were uncommon but high frequencies of overall KRAS mutations (67.5%); low KRAS codon 12 and a novel KRAS G15S mutation with concomitant RASSF1 methylation in early onset cases were remarkable. Hierarchical clustering as well as principal component analysis identified three distinct subgroups of patients having discrete age at onset, clinicopathological, molecular and survival characteristics: (i) a KRAS associated CIMP‐high subgroup; (ii) a significantly younger MSS, CIMP low, TP53 mutant group having differential KRAS mutation patterns, and (iii) a CIMP‐negative, TP53 mutated group. The early onset subgroup exhibited the most unfavorable disease characteristics with advanced stage, poorly differentiated tumors and had the poorest survival compared to the other subgroups. Genetic and epigenetic profiling of rectal cancer patients identified distinct subtypes in Indian population. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of very early CD4+/CD8+ T cell counts on the occurrence of acute graft‐versus‐host disease and NK cell counts on outcome after pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Huttunen Pasi , Taskinen Mervi , Siitonen Sanna , Saarinen‐Pihkala Ulla M.
Published: November 2014

Background

Increasing evidence suggests that early and rapid lymphocyte recovery following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is associated with better survival.

Procedure

We retrospectively analyzed very early lymphocyte subset counts following transplantation from our 5‐year pediatric allogeneic HSCT material to find clinically relevant associations with post transplant outcome, and the major complication of HSCT, acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD). We analyzed HSCTs performed due to acute leukemias and lymphomas from matched unrelated donors (MUD, n = 33), unrelated cord blood (UCB, n = 9) and matched sibling donors (MSD, n = 17).

Results

Patients with grafts from MUDs and grade II‐IV aGVHD) had higher (median 2.1 compared to 0.3, P<0.0001) and earlier (at day +18 post transplant vs. day +25, P = 0.004) first measurable CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio, compared to patients with no or grade I aGVHD, respectively. At day +32 after HSCT patients with MUDs and significant aGVHD had higher levels of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Low (below median 120/µL) versus high natural killer (NK) cell counts at day +32 were associated with 3‐year event‐free survival of 27.4 +/− 9.0% versus 82.4 +/− 6.4% (P < 0.0001), cumulative transplant‐related mortality of 44.7 +/− 12.2% versus 3.0 +/− 3.0% (P < 0.001) and cumulative relapse incidence of 50.4 +/− 12.2% versus 15.0 +/− 6.2% (P = 0.019), respectively.

Conclusions

We conclude that early lymphocyte subset counts following allogeneic HSCT have an association with aGVHD and post transplant outcome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:522–528. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multipronged quantitative proteomic analyses indicate modulation of various signal transduction pathways in human meningiomas
Authors: Sharma Samridhi , Ray Sandipan , Mukherjee Shuvolina , Moiyadi Aliasgar , Sridhar Epari , Srivastava Sanjeeva
Published: November 2014

Meningiomas (MGs) are frequent tumors of the CNS originating from the meningeal layers of the spinal cord and the brain. In this study, comparative tissue proteomic analysis of low and high grades of MGs was performed by using iTRAQ‐based quantitative proteomics in combination with ESI‐quadrupole‐TOF and Q‐Exactive MS, and results were validated by employing ELISA. Combining the results obtained from two MS platforms, we were able to identify overall 4308 proteins (1% false discover rate), among which 2367 exhibited differential expression (more than and equal to 2 peptide and ≥1.5‐fold in at least one grade) in MGs. Several differentially expressed proteins were found to be associated with diverse signaling pathways, including integrin, Wnt, Ras, epidermal growth factor receptor, and FGR signaling. Proteins, such as vinculin or histones, which act as the signaling activators to initiate multiple signaling pathways, were found to be upregulated in MGs. Quite a few candidates, such as protein S‐100A6, aldehyde dehydrogenase mitochondrial, AHNAK, cytoskeleton‐associated protein 4, and caveolin, showed sequential increase in low‐ and high‐grade MGs, whereas differential expressions of collagen alpha‐1 (VI), protein S100‐A9, 14 kDa phosphohistidine phosphatase, or transgelin‐2 were found to be grade specific. Our findings provide new insights regarding the association of various signal transduction pathways in MG pathogenesis and may introduce new opportunities for the early detection and prognosis of MGs.
Enhanced spread spectrum aloha demodulator implementation, laboratory tests and satellite validation
Authors: Andrenacci Marco , Mendola Gaetano , Collard Florian , Finocchiaro Daniele , Recchia Annamaria
Published: November 2014

This paper describes the implementation of the first enhanced spread spectrum aloha demodulator, based on an innovative architecture which combines software‐defined radio with processing via commercial graphics processing units. The validation tests performed both in laboratory conditions and directly on the satellite EUTELSAT 10A are presented. The performance assessment results obtained via satellite validate the theoretical results to a sufficient degree to make enhanced spread spectrum aloha technology a viable option for low‐power mobile and fixed terminals, thus encouraging the growth of satellite mass market applications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bottom‐Up Synthesis of Chemically Precise Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Narita Akimitsu , Feng Xinliang , Müllen Klaus
Published: November 2014

In this article, we describe our chemical approach, developed over the course of a decade, towards the bottom‐up synthesis of structurally well‐defined graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). GNR synthesis can be achieved through two different methods, one being a solution‐phase process based on conventional organic chemistry and the other invoking surface‐assisted fabrication, employing modern physics methodologies. In both methods, rationally designed monomers are polymerized to form non‐planar polyphenylene precursors, which are “graphitized” and “planarized” by solution‐mediated or surface‐assisted cyclodehydrogenation. Through these methods, a variety of GNRs have been synthesized with different widths, lengths, edge structures, and degrees of heteroatom doping, featuring varying (opto)electronic properties. The ability to chemically tailor GNRs with tuned properties in a well‐defined manner will contribute to the elucidation of the fundamental physics of GNRs, as well as pave the way for the development of GNR‐based nanoelectronics and optoelectronics.
Modern perspectives on statistics for spatio‐temporal data
Authors: Wikle Christopher K.
Published: November 2014

Spatio‐temporal statistical models are increasingly being used across a wide variety of scientific disciplines to describe and predict spatially explicit processes that evolve over time. Although descriptive models that approach this problem from the second‐order (covariance) perspective are important, many real‐world processes are dynamic, and it can be more efficient in such cases to characterize the associated spatio‐temporal dependence by the use of dynamical models. The challenge with the specification of such dynamical models has been related to the curse of dimensionality and the specification of realistic dependence structures. Even in fairly simple linear/Gaussian settings, spatio‐temporal statistical models are often over parameterized. This problem is compounded when the spatio‐temporal dynamical processes are nonlinear or multivariate. Hierarchical models have proven invaluable in their ability to deal to some extent with this issue by allowing dependency among groups of parameters and science‐based parameterizations. Such models are best considered from a Bayesian perspective, with associated computational challenges. Spatio‐temporal statistics remains an active and vibrant area of research. WIREs Comput Stat 2015, 7:86–98. doi: 10.1002/wics.1341

This article is categorized under:

Data: Types and Structure > Image and Spatial Data
Racial Disparities in Operative Outcomes After Major Cancer Surgery in the United States
Authors: Sukumar Shyam , Ravi Praful , Sood Akshay , Gervais Mai‐Kim , Hu Jim C. , Kim Simon P. , Menon Mani , Roghmann Florian , Sammon Jesse D. , Sun Maxine , Trinh Vincent Q. , Trinh Quoc‐Dien
Published: November 2014

Background

Numerous studies have recorded racial disparities in access to care for major cancers. We investigate contemporary national disparities in the quality of perioperative surgical oncological care using a nationally representative sample of American patients and hypothesize that disparities in the quality of surgical oncological care also exists.

Methods

A retrospective, serial, and cross‐sectional analysis of a nationally representative cohort of 3,024,927 patients, undergoing major surgical oncological procedures (colectomy, cystectomy, esophagectomy, gastrectomy, hysterectomy, pneumonectomy, pancreatectomy, and prostatectomy), between 1999 and 2009.

Results

After controlling for multiple factors (including socioeconomic status), Black patients undergoing major surgical oncological procedures were more likely to experience postoperative complications (OR: 1.24; p < 0.001), in‐hospital mortality (OR: 1.24; p < 0.001), homologous blood transfusions (OR: 1.52; p < 0.001), and prolonged hospital stay (OR: 1.53; p < 0.001). Specifically, Black patients have higher rates of vascular (OR: 1.24; p < 0.001), wound (OR: 1.10; p = 0.004), gastrointestinal (OR: 1.38; p < 0.001), and infectious complications (OR: 1.29; p < 0.001). Disparities in operative outcomes were particularly remarkable for Black patients undergoing colectomy, prostatectomy, and hysterectomy. Importantly, substantial attenuation of racial disparities was noted for radical cystectomy, lung resection, and pancreatectomy relative to earlier reports. Finally, Hispanic patients experienced no disparities relative to White patients in terms of in‐hospital mortality or overall postoperative complications for any of the eight procedures studied.

Conclusions

Considerable racial disparities in operative outcomes exist in the United States for Black patients undergoing major surgical oncological procedures. These findings should direct future health policy efforts in the allocation of resources for the amelioration of persistent disparities in specific procedures.
Treatment of Achalasia with Laparoscopic Myotomy or Pneumatic Dilatation: Long‐Term Results of a Prospective, Randomized Study
Authors: Persson Jan , Johnsson Erik , Kostic Srdjan , Lundell Lars , Smedh Ulrika
Published: November 2014

Background

This study compares the long‐term results of pneumatic dilatations versus laparoscopic myotomy using treatment failure as the primary outcome. The frequency and degree of dysphagia, the effects on quality of life (QoL), and health economy were also examined.

Methods

Fifty‐three patients with achalasia were randomized to laparoscopic myotomy with a posterior partial fundoplication [laparoscopic myotomy (LM) n = 25] or repetitive pneumatic dilatation [pneumatic dilatation (PD) n = 28]. The median observation period was 81.5 months (range 12–131).

Results

At the minimal follow‐up of 5 years, ten patients (36 %) in the dilatation group and two patients (8 %) in the myotomy group, including two patients lost to follow‐up (one in each arm), were classified as failures (p = 0.016). The cumulative incidence of treatment failures was analyzed by survival statistics. Taking the entire follow‐up period into account, a significant difference was observed in favor of the LM strategy (p = 0.02). Although both treatments resulted in significant improvements in dysphagia scores, LM was significantly favored over PD after 1 and 3 years, but not after 5 years. Health‐related QoL assessed by the personal general well being score was higher in the LM group after 3 years, but the difference was not fully statistically significant at 5 years. Direct medical costs during the entire follow‐up period were in median $13,421 for LM as compared to $5,558 for PD (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

This long‐term follow‐up of a randomized clinical study shows that LM is superior to repetitive PD treatment of newly diagnosed achalasia, albeit that this surgical strategy is burdened by high initial direct medical costs. www.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 02086669
The Modern Surgeon and Competency Assessment: Are the Workplace‐Based Assessments Evidence‐Based?
Authors: Torsney K. M. , Cocker D. M. , Slesser A. A. P.
Published: November 2014

Introduction

The assessment of higher surgical training has changed in the last decade or two, with a greater emphasis on work‐based assessments (WBAs) to prove competency. The aim of this study was to determine the evidence underpinning the use and number of WBAs in surgical training.

Methods

In July 2013, a systematic electronic literature review was undertaken using PubMed (Medline), Embase, Google Scholar and the Cochrane library.

Results

A total of 27 studies met the inclusion criteria of which 25 were observational studies and only five assessed WBAs in a surgical setting. Validity and feasibility in surgical training were assessed in two studies, respectively, with the results suggesting that WBAs maybe neither feasible nor valid in surgical training. The number required to achieve reliability in surgical training was demonstrated to be three in two separate studies. The evidence for the reliability, feasibility and validity of WBAs in other non‐surgical fields was conflicting.

Conclusion

There is a paucity of evidence supporting the use of WBAs as a tool to determine competency in surgical training, and as such, they should only have a limited role in training until more evidence is available. There appears to be no justification or evidence underpinning the use of a specific number of WBAs to determine surgical competency.
European adolescent ready-to-eat-cereal (RTEC) consumers have a healthier dietary intake and body composition compared with non-RTEC consumers
Authors: Michels Nathalie , De Henauw Stefaan , Breidenassel Christina , Censi Laura , Cuenca-Garcí Magdalena , Gonzalez-Gross Marcela , Gottrand Frederic , Hallstrom Lena , Kafatos Anthony , Kersting Mathilde , Manios Yannis , Marcos Ascension , Molnar Denes , Moreno Luis A. , Plada Maria , Sjostrom Michael , Reye Béatrice , Thielecke Frank , Valtueña Jara , Widhalm Kurt , Claessens Mandy
Published: November 2014

Purpose

This study aims to analyse the association of European adolescents’ ready-to-eat-cereal (RTEC) consumption frequency with their dietary intake by applying the concept of diet quality index and nutritional status.

Methods

From the multi-centre European HELENA study, relevant data were available in 1,215 adolescents (12.5–17.5 years). RTEC consumption was identified from a food frequency questionnaire. A diet quality index, daily nutrient intakes and daily milk/yoghurt and fruit intake were calculated from two 24-h dietary recalls. BMI, waist and hip circumference and body fat were measured for body composition. Cross-sectional regression analyses were adjusted for sex, age, socio-economic status, city and breakfast skipping. Differences in sub-regions within Europe were explored.

Results

RTEC consumers showed a more favourable daily micronutrient intake (vitamin B2, B5, B7, D, calcium, phosphorus and potassium), a better diet quality index, more frequent fruit (57 vs. 51 %) and milk/yoghurt consumption (81.2 vs. 56 %) and less breakfast skipping (25.1 vs. 36.7 %). No differences in energy and macronutrient intake were observed. Daily RTEC consumers were 57 % less likely to be overweight than RTEC non-consumers but did not differ in glucose and lipid status (N = 387).

Conclusion

This is the first comprehensive pan-European survey elucidating socio-demographic determinants of European adolescents’ RTEC consumption and indicating better dietary habits in RTEC consumers. The improved dietary profile was reflected in a more beneficial body composition. Our results have also shown the advantage of using an all-integrating diet quality index by capturing the diet complexity.
Storage and use of Newborn Screening Blood Specimens for Research: Assessing Public Opinion in Illinois
Authors: Hart Alexa , Petros Michael , Charrow Joel , Nash Claudia , Wicklund Catherine
Published: November 2014

Storage and use of residual dried blood spots (DBS) from newborn screening (NBS) for research purposes has been a topic of elevated interest following high profile disputes between genetic privacy advocacy groups and state NBS programs. Our objective was to assess public opinion in Illinois regarding storage and use of residual DBS for research. Five hundred twenty‐six Illinois residents completed a survey assessing attitudes about research uses for DBS, storage length, and consent issues. Over 80 % of respondents expressed agreement with questions regarding research uses of DBS. Eighty‐three percent of respondents were in favor of storage for at least one year with 44 % favoring indefinite storage. Respondents with higher educational attainment were more likely to support research use of DBS and less likely to desire contact for each future study (P < 0.05). Black respondents were less likely than white respondents to express agreement for the use of DBS for research or to favor long‐term storage (P < 0.05). Support was high for storage and use of DBS in our sample. Consent was important and respondents wanted choices about participation. Forty‐two percent of respondents were not aware of NBS prior to this survey, highlighting a need for greater education about this public health program. Trust in the public health service of NBS must be protected through transparency in the policy process.
Reporting Incidental Findings in Clinical Whole Exome Sequencing: Incorporation of the 2013 ACMG Recommendations into Current Practices of Genetic Counseling
Authors: Smith Lacey A. , Douglas Jessica , Braxton Alicia A. , Kramer Kate
Published: November 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) March 2013 recommendations for reporting incidental findings (IFs) have influenced current practices of genetic counselors involved in utilizing whole exome sequencing (WES) for clinical diagnosis. An online survey was sent to all members of the National Society of Genetic Counselors; members were eligible to participate if they currently offered WES for clinical diagnosis. Forty‐six respondents completed the survey of whom 34 were in practice prior to the March 2013 ACMG recommendations. Half of respondents (N = 19, 54.9 %) in practice prior to March 2013 reported that the ACMG recommendations have had a significant impact on the content of their counseling sessions. Approximately half of respondents (N = 21, 45.5 %) report all IFs, regardless of patient age, while one third (N = 14, 30.4 %) consider factors such as age and parent preference in reporting IFs. Approximately 40 % (N = 18) of respondents reported that the testing laboratory's policy for returning IFs has an influence on their choice of laboratory; of those, 72.2 % (N = 13) reported that the option to opt out of receiving reports of IFs has a significant influence on their choice of laboratory. A majority of respondents (N = 43, 93.5 %) found that most patients want to receive reports of IFs. However, respondents report there are patients who wish to decline receiving this information. This study querying genetic counselors identified benefits and challenges that the 2013 ACMG recommendations elicited. Some challenges, such as not having the option to opt out of IFs, have been addressed by the ACMG's most recent updates to their recommendations. Further investigation into larger and more inclusive provider populations as well as patient populations will be valuable for the ongoing discussion surrounding IFs in WES.
Long-Term Trends in Adult Mortality for U.S. Blacks and Whites: An Examination of Period- and Cohort-Based Changes
Authors: Masters Ryan K. , Hummer Robert A. , Powers Daniel A. , Beck Audrey , Lin Shih-Fan , Finch Brian Karl
Published: November 2014

Black–white differences in U.S. adult mortality have narrowed over the past five decades, but whether this narrowing unfolded on a period or cohort basis is unclear. The distinction has important implications for understanding the socioeconomic, public health, lifestyle, and medical mechanisms responsible for this narrowing. We use data from 1959 to 2009 and age-period-cohort (APC) models to examine period- and cohort-based changes in adult mortality for U.S. blacks and whites. We do so for all-cause mortality among persons aged 15–74 as well as for several underlying causes of death more pertinent for specific age groups. We find clear patterns of cohort-based reductions in mortality for both black men and women and white men and women. Recent cohort-based reductions in heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, female breast cancer, and other cancer mortality have been substantial and, save for breast cancer, have been especially pronounced for blacks. Period-based changes have also occurred and are especially pronounced for some causes of death. Period-based reductions in blacks’ and whites’ heart disease and stroke mortality are particularly impressive, as are recent period-based reductions in young men’s and women’s mortality from infectious diseases and homicide. These recent period changes are more pronounced among blacks. The substantial cohort-based trends in chronic disease mortality and recent period-based reductions for some causes of death suggest a continuing slow closure of the black-white mortality gap. However, we also uncover troubling signs of recent cohort-based increases in heart disease mortality for both blacks and whites.
Transcranial direct current stimulation in mild cognitive impairment: Behavioral effects and neural mechanisms
Authors: Meinzer Marcus , Lindenberg Robert , Phan Mai Thy , Ulm Lena , Volk Carina , Flöel Agnes
Published: November 2014

Introduction

The long preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease provides opportunities for potential disease‐modifying interventions in prodromal stages such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (anodal‐tDCS), with its potential to enhance neuroplasticity, may allow improving cognition in MCI.

Methods

In a double‐blind, cross‐over, sham‐controlled study, anodal‐tDCS was administered to the left inferior frontal cortex during task‐related and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess its impact on cognition and brain functions in MCI.

Results

During sham stimulation, MCI patients produced fewer correct semantic‐word‐retrieval responses than matched healthy controls, which was associated with hyperactivity in bilateral prefrontal regions. Anodal‐tDCS significantly improved performance to the level of controls, reduced task‐related prefrontal hyperactivity and resulted in “normalization” of abnormal network configuration during resting‐state fMRI.

Discussion

Anodal‐tDCS exerts beneficial effects on cognition and brain functions in MCI, thereby providing a framework to test whether repeated stimulation sessions may yield sustained reversal of cognitive deficits.
A model for internal bores in continuous stratification
Authors: White Brian L. , Helfrich Karl R.
Published: November 2014

We describe a model for the speed of an internal bore as a function of amplitude in continuous stratification of arbitrary form. The model is developed from the Dubreil-Jacotin–Long theory for nonlinear solitary waves in the conjugate flow limit, which represents an internal hydraulic jump, by allowing dissipation across the jump. The bore speeds predicted by the model are consistent in both the small- and large-amplitude limits with the waveguide intrinsic to the ambient stratification. The model therefore represents a significant advancement over previous theories limited to sharp two-layer stratification. The model shows good agreement with Navier–Stokes simulations of both undular and turbulent internal bores generated by dam break into a continuously stratified ambient with a finite pycnocline, predicting both the front speed as well as the velocity and density structure through the bore. A model is required for the structure of the energy dissipation, and we introduce a one-parameter closure that produces excellent agreement with numerical results, particularly in the parameter limit that maximizes the overall dissipation. By varying the dissipation parameter, the model reproduces previous two-layer theories in the thin-pycnocline limit, and suggests an improved two-layer front speed relationship. It is demonstrated that, even for the sharp two-layer limit, continuous stratification, and particularly the nonlinear waveguide, must be accounted for in order to accurately predict the bore speed and structure.
Sequential deposition of overlapping droplets to form a liquid line
Authors: Thompson Alice B. , Tipton Carl R. , Juel Anne , Hazel Andrew L. , Dowling Mark
Published: November 2014

Microdroplet deposition is a technology that spans applications from tissue engineering to microelectronics. Our new high-speed imaging measurements reveal how sequential linear deposition of overlapping droplets on flat uniform substrates leads to striking non-uniform morphologies for moderate contact angles. We develop a simple physical model, which for the first time captures the post-impact dynamics drop-by-drop: surface-tension drives liquid redistribution, contact-angle hysteresis underlies initial non-uniformity, while viscous effects cause subsequent periodic variations.
Fluid ratcheting by oscillating channel walls with sawteeth
Authors: Yu Jie
Published: November 2014

A laboratory experiment shows that fluid can be pumped from one end to another in a narrow channel whose sawtooth walls vibrate transversely opposite to each other. The phenomenon is referred to as ratcheting fluid. Inspired by this, we put forward here a theory describing the rectified steady flow, and the net directional pumping. In a conformally transformed plane, the induced steady streaming in the Stokes boundary layer of the oscillatory flow is analysed, elucidating the driving mechanism that is due to the nonlinearity and viscosity. The solution of the stream function is given, showing the complex spatial structure of the induced steady flow and its spatial average that is related to the directional pumping. Whereas the wall sawtooth shape is the primary source of asymmetry, the difference in entrance and exit flow conditions due to the geometries at channel ends is found to be a secondary source to break the left–right symmetry of the system. This latter can affect the net directional transport of fluid, in particular in short channels with a small number of sawteeth. Various influences on the net pumping rate are analysed.
Style over substance: what can parenting styles tell us about ownership styles and obesity in companion animals?
Authors: German Alexander J.
Published: November 2014

Obesity is a major medical concern in human subjects, and most concerning is the rapid recent increase in childhood obesity. Children are more likely to be obese if their parents are obese, an effect that is mediated both by genetics and environment, most notably parental influence. Four major parenting styles have been recognised: authoritative; authoritarian; indulgent; uninvolved. Too much parental control, as with the authoritarian style, is associated with a higher weight status in children. Conversely, indulgent feeding styles can also have negative consequences and, where control is too lax, a poor relationship with food develops, which may also lead to weight gain. Obesity is also a growing concern in companion animals, and it has parallels with obesity in children. For instance, overweight people are more likely to own overweight dogs. Furthermore, the care that people provide for their pets mirrors that which parents provide for children, and pets are commonly viewed as child substitutes. These similarities raise obvious questions about whether different styles of pet ownership exist, and what part they may play in attitudes to feeding as well as predisposition to obesity in pets. Future work could focus on determining to what extent styles of pet ownership mirror parenting styles, whether there are links to obesity in dogs and cats. Knowledge regarding the owner-pet bond might provide comparative insights into the links between parenting styles and childhood obesity.
Coupled phengite40Ar–39Ar geochronology and thermobarometry:P-T-tevolution of Andros Island (Cyclades, Greece)
Authors: HUET BENJAMIN , LABROUSSE LOÏC , MONIÉ PATRICK , MALVOISIN BENJAMIN , JOLIVET LAURENT
Published: November 2014

Andros is a key island for understanding both the timing of high-pressure–low-temperature (HP-LT) metamorphism and the dynamics of crustal-scale detachment systems exhuming high-grade units in the Cyclades (Greece). Using phengite40Ar–39Ar geochronology coupled with thermobarometry, as well as data from literature, we constrain the pressure–temperature–time (P-T-t) paths of the Makrotantalon and Attic–Cycladic Blueschist units on Andros. Peak conditions of the HP-LT episode in the Makrotantalon unit are 550°C and 18.5 kbar, dated at 116 Ma. We correlate this episode with Early Cretaceous blueschist facies metamorphism recognized in the Pelagonian zone of continental Greece. This is a new argument favouring a Pelagonian origin for the Makrotantalon unit. In the Attic–Cycladic Blueschist unit, theP-T-tpath is characterized by: (1) exhumation after peak conditions in HP-LT conditions between 55 and 35 Ma; (2) isobaric heating at 7 kbar until 30 Ma; and (3) isothermal decompression until 21 Ma. This thermal evolution and timing are similar to those of the neighbouring Tinos Island, emphasizing major thermal re-equilibration at the transition between stable and retreating subduction. Modifications of the crustal thermal state played a major role in the evolution of the North Cycladic Detachment System, below which Andros HP-LT units were exhumed.
Wild meat: a shared resource amongst people and predators
Authors: Foster R. J. , Harmsen B. J. , Macdonald D. W. , Collins J. , Urbina Y. , Garcia R. , Doncaster C. P.
Published: November 2014

Millions of people throughout the tropics consume wild meat. Overhunting reduces food security for people and large predators, yet little is known of the impact of hunting in systems where people and predators target the same prey species. We collate published data on predator diet in Belize with interview data about the consumption of wild and domestic meat by Belizeans, to compare the wild-meat diets of humans, jaguarsPanthera oncaand pumasPuma concolorand assess the sustainability of the combined offtake by humans and jaguars. Six wild mammal species (nine-banded armadilloDasypus novemcinctus, pacaCuniculus paca, collared peccaryPecari tajacu, white-lipped peccaryTayassu pecari, red brocket deerMazama americanaand white-tailed deerOdocoileus virginianus) comprised 7% of the animal-protein meals eaten by Belizeans. Overall, 80% of these meals were eaten by 20% of interviewees, suggesting a necessary role of wild meat for the minority. The same species were found in 69 and 86% of jaguar and puma scats, respectively. We estimate a national annual harvest of c. 4,000 tonnes of these six wild mammals by humans and jaguars, of which 78% is hunted by people. Sustainability is difficult to evaluate because prey population data are lacking in Belize. However, simple models suggest that a sustainable harvest at this rate would require higher prey population densities than averages recorded in hunted Neotropical forests. We emphasize the need for robust regional estimates of game species densities, to improve assessments of sustainability and inform hunting regulations. We recommend that the requirements of predators as well as those of people be considered when assessing wild meat harvests.
Characterisation of the phase-transformation behaviour of Ce2O(CO3)2·H2O clusters synthesised from Ce(NO3)3·6H2O and urea
Authors: D'Angelo Anita M. , Webster Nathan A. S. , Chaffee Alan L.
Published: November 2014

X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the temperature at which the transformation of Ce2O(CO3)2·H2O to ceria (CeO2) occurs under both a flow of nitrogen and air as a function of temperature. The Ce2O(CO3)2·H2O synthesised from Ce(NO3)3·6H2O and urea was further investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD results indicate that, under a flow of nitrogen, CeO2 is formed at temperatures greater than 500 °C and that this occurs via an as yet unidentified intermediate phase, which is present between 430 and 540 °C. Results obtained by the XRD correspond to those obtained using TGA, which show weight  losses commencing at 430 and at 465 °C. No further weight loss occurs above 540 °C, because of the formation of CeO2 as the stable product. The crystallite size was also determined and observed to increase with increasing temperature. Under a flow of air the transformation occurred at a lower temperature, as CeO2 was formed at 250 °C. SEM and TEM reveal the particles have a rod-shaped morphology which is retained after calcination. These results may be used to optimise synthesis methods to minimise crystallite size growth and reduce sintering that is undesirable in many applications, particularly catalysis.
Relative validation of fruit and vegetable intake and fat intake among overweight and obese African-American women
Authors: Alcantara Iris , Haardörfer Regine , Gazmararian Julie A , Hartman Terry J , Greene Brenda , Kegler Michelle C
Published: November 2014

Objective

To compare commonly used dietary screeners for fat intake and fruit and vegetable intake with 24 h dietary recalls among low-income, overweight and obese African-American women.

Design

Three telephone interviews were completed; measures included two 24 h dietary recalls (a weekday and weekend day) using the Nutrition Data System for Research software, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System’s (BRFSS) Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Module and the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) Percentage Energy from Fat Screener.

Setting

Participants were recruited from three federally qualified health centres in south-west Georgia, USA.

Subjects

Participants (n260) were African-American women ranging in age from 35 to 65 years. About half were unemployed (49·6 %) and 58·7 % had a high-school education or less. Most were obese (88·5 %), with 39·6 % reporting a BMI≥40·0 kg/m2.

Results

Mean fruit and vegetable intake reported from the 24 h dietary recall was 2·66 servings/d compared with 2·79 servings/d with the BRFSS measure. The deattenuated Pearson correlation was 0·22, with notable variation by weight status, education level and age. Mean percentage of energy from fat was 35·5 % as reported from the 24 h dietary recall, compared with 33·0 % as measured by the NCI fat screener. The deattenuated Pearson correlation was 0·38, also with notable variation by weight status, education level and age.

Conclusions

Validity of brief dietary intake measures may vary by demographic characteristics of the sample. Additional measurement work may be needed to accurately measure dietary intake in obese African-American women.
-ADIC EISENSTEIN SERIES AND -FUNCTIONS OF CERTAIN CUSP FORMS ON DEFINITE UNITARY GROUPS
Authors: Eischen Ellen , Wan Xin
Published: November 2014

We construct$p$-adic families of Klingen–Eisenstein series and$L$-functions for cusp forms (not necessarily ordinary) unramified at an odd prime$p$on definite unitary groups of signature$(r,0)$(for any positive integer$r$) for a quadratic imaginary field${\mathcal{K}}$split at$p$. When$r=2$, we show that the constant term of the Klingen–Eisenstein family is divisible by a certain$p$-adic$L$-function.
Phenotypic characterization of the Nigerian Muscovy Ducks (Cairina moschata)
Authors: Oguntunji A.O. , Ayorinde K.L.
Published: November 2014

Phenotypic description helps in assessing the physical attributes of species and is also an indicator of the relevance and importance attached to such attributes in their natural environments. This study was conducted to describe patterns and distribution of phenotypic diversity in Nigerian Muscovy ducks. One thousand and twenty (1 020) adult male and female Muscovy ducks reared extensively were randomly drawn from the Rain Forest, Derived Savanna and Guinea Savanna agro-ecological zones/ecotypes and were visually appraised and scored for plumage, skin, shank, feet/web, bill, bean and caruncle colours. Data on qualitative traits were analysed with descriptive statistics (percentages) while fixed effect model was used to investigate relationship between plumage and skin colours and body weight. Results revealed variations in qualitative traits; however, across ecotypes, the predominant plumage, skin, shank, feet, bill, bean and caruncle colours were mottled (45 percent), white (88 percent), yellow (50 percent), yellow (60 percent), black (58 percent), black (69 percent) and red (84 percent), respectively. Besides, significant (P < 0.05) association was observed between plumage and skin colours and body weight. The reported variations in phenotypic traits of Nigerian Muscovy ducks indicate diversity in their genome, absence of selection and the need for their selection and improvement.
Über die Unbefangenheit
Authors: Becker-Glauch Wulf
Published: November 2014

Die Unbefangenheit von Kant und Schiller und vom geistig behinderten und chronisch schizophrenen Patienten ist Quellgrund ihres Lebens und Schaffens. Plügge hat dazu „Grazie und Anmut” über ‚Das Marionettentheater‘ von Kleist geschrieben. Pauleikoff ist um „Zeit und Ewigkeit besorgt”. Der Musikprofessor fördert die Kunsttherapie.–Mandelstams und Modersohn-Beckers Gedicht und Zeichnung sind ein Vorbild für ein unbefangenes Transzendieren in eine ihnen gemeinsame Religiosität von Notre-Dame 1906 und werden interpretiert. Dabei fällt die Auswirkung der orthodoxen, aber überkonfessionellen Marienverehrung auf.
The oestrogen receptor alpha-regulated lncRNA NEAT1 is a critical modulator of prostate cancer
Authors: Chakravarty Dimple , Sboner Andrea , Nair Sujit S. , Giannopoulou Eugenia , Li Ruohan , Hennig Sven , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Pauwels Jonathan , Park Kyung , Kossai Myriam , MacDonald Theresa Y. , Fontugne Jacqueline , Erho Nicholas , Vergara Ismael A. , Ghadessi Mercedeh , Davicioni Elai , Jenkins Robert B. , Palanisamy Nallasivam , Chen Zhengming , Nakagawa Shinichi , Hirose Tetsuro , Bander Neil H. , Beltran Himisha , Fox Archa H. , Elemento Olivier , Rubin Mark A.
Published: November 2014

The androgen receptor (AR) plays a central role in establishing an oncogenic cascade that drives prostate cancer progression. Some prostate cancers escape androgen dependence and are often associated with an aggressive phenotype. The oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is expressed in prostate cancers, independent of AR status. However, the role of ERα remains elusive. Using a combination of chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and RNA-sequencing data, we identified an ERα-specific non-coding transcriptome signature. Among putatively ERα-regulated intergenic long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), we identified nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) as the most significantly overexpressed lncRNA in prostate cancer. Analysis of two large clinical cohorts also revealed that NEAT1 expression is associated with prostate cancer progression. Prostate cancer cells expressing high levels of NEAT1 were recalcitrant to androgen or AR antagonists. Finally, we provide evidence that NEAT1 drives oncogenic growth by altering the epigenetic landscape of target gene promoters to favour transcription.
The immunoglobulin tail tyrosine motif upgrades memory-type BCRs by incorporating a Grb2-Btk signalling module
Authors: Engels Niklas , König Lars M. , Schulze Wiebke , Radtke Daniel , Vanshylla Kanika , Lutz Johannes , Winkler Thomas H. , Nitschke Lars , Wienands Jürgen
Published: November 2014

The vigorous response of IgG-switched memory B cells to recurring pathogens involves enhanced signalling from their B-cell antigen receptors (BCRs). However, the molecular signal amplification mechanisms of memory-type BCRs remained unclear. Here, we identify the immunoglobulin tail tyrosine (ITT) motif in the cytoplasmic segments of membrane-bound IgGs (mIgGs) as the principle signal amplification device of memory-type BCRs in higher vertebrates and decipher its signalling microanatomy. We show that different families of protein tyrosine kinases act upstream and downstream of the ITT. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) activity is required for ITT phosphorylation followed by recruitment of the adaptor protein Grb2 into the mIgG-BCR signalosome. Grb2 in turn recruits Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) to amplify BCR-induced Ca2+ mobilization. This molecular interplay of kinases and adaptors increases the antigen sensitivity of memory-type BCRs, which provides a cell-intrinsic trigger mechanism for the rapid reactivation of IgG-switched memory B cells on antigen recall.
Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Meningiomas for the Identification of Surrogate Protein Markers
Authors: Sharma Samridhi , Ray Sandipan , Moiyadi Aliasgar , Sridhar Epari , Srivastava Sanjeeva
Published: November 2014

Meningiomas are the most common non-glial tumors of the brain and spine. Pathophysiology and definite histological grading of meningiomas are frequently found to be deceptive due to their unusual morphological features and locations. Here for the first time we report a comprehensive serum proteomic analysis of different grades of meningiomas by using multiple quantitative proteomic and immunoassay-based approaches to obtain mechanistic insights about disease pathogenesis and identify grade specific protein signatures. In silico functional analysis revealed modulation of different vital physiological pathways including complement and coagulation cascades, metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins, immune signaling, cell growth and apoptosis and integrin signaling in meningiomas. ROC curve analysis demonstrated apolipoprotein E and A-I and hemopexin as efficient predictors for meningiomas. Identified proteins like vimentin, alpha-2-macroglobulin, apolipoprotein B and A-I and antithrombin-III, which exhibited a sequential increase in different malignancy grades of meningiomas, could serve as potential predictive markers.
Increased radiation from Chernobyl decreases the expression of red colouration in natural populations of bank voles (Myodes glareolus)
Authors: Boratyński Zbyszek , Lehmann Philipp , Mappes Tapio , Mousseau Timothy A. , Møller Anders Pape
Published: November 2014

Pheomelanin is a pink to red version of melanin pigment deposited in skin and hair. Due to its bright colour, pheomelanin plays a crucial function in signalling, in particular sexual signalling. However, production of pheomelanin, as opposed to its dark alternative, eumelanin, bears costs in terms of consumption of antioxidants important for protection of DNA against naturally produced reactive oxidative species. Therefore, decreased expression of pheomelanin is expected in organisms exposed to severe oxidative stress such as that caused by exposure to chronic ionizing radiation. We tested if variable exposure to radiation among natural populations of bank voles Myodes glareolus in Chernobyl affected expression of red colouration in their dorsal fur. The relative redness of dorsal fur was positively correlated with weight, but also negatively correlated with the level of background radiation. These results suggest that the development of the natural red colouration in adult bank voles is affected by ionizing background radiation and potentially causing elevated levels of oxidative stress. Reduced production of pheomelanin allows more antioxidants to mitigate the oxidative stress caused by radiation. However, changing natural animal colouration for physiological reasons can have ecological costs, if e.g. it causes mismatch with habitat colouration and conspicuousness for predators.
Potential use of multivariate curve resolution for the analysis of mass spectrometry images
Authors: Jaumot Joaquim , Tauler Romà
Published: November 2014

The application of MCR-ALS to mass spectrometry imaging data provides spatial distribution and MS spectra of components, allowing compound identification.
A rapid and convenient method for detecting a broad spectrum of malignant cells from malignant pleuroperitoneal effusion of patients using a multifunctional NIR heptamethine dye
Authors: Tian Ying , Sun Jing , Yan Huaijiang , Teng Zhaogang , Zeng Leyong , Liu Ying , Li Yanjun , Wang Jiandong , Wang Shouju , Lu Guangming
Published: November 2014

We present a fluorescence-based method to detect malignant cells in clinical pleuroperitoneal effusion samples using a NIR heptamethine dye.
Determination of alkaloids in Rhizoma coptidis by capillary electrophoresis with acidic potassium permanganate chemiluminescene detection
Authors: Xu Xueqin , Wang Jingpeng , Wen Fuyu , Chen Guonan
Published: November 2014

A simple and sensitive method based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) with acidic potassium permanganate chemiluminescence (CL) detection has been developed for the simultaneous determination of three alkaloids (berberine, palmatine and jatrorrhizine) in Rhizoma coptidis.
Construction of a fractional condensation device and its application in the analysis of volatile compounds from tobacco
Authors: Ma Fei , Zhang Lingyi , Liu Baizhan , Zhang Weibing
Published: November 2014

A novel fractional condensation device was constructed for the analysis of complex volatile constituents in cut tobacco.
N-Heterocyclic carbene stabilized Ag–P nanoclusters
Authors: Khalili Najafabadi Bahareh , Corrigan John F.
Published: November 2014

The N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) 1,3-di-isopropylbenzimidazole-2-ylidene (iPr2-bimy) is found to be an excellent ligand for the stabilization of silver–phosphorus polynuclear complexes.
Flexible thermoresponsive nanomembranes at the aqueous–air interface
Authors: Cramer Ashley D. , Gambinossi Filippo , Wischerhoff Erik , Laschewsky André , Miller Reinhard , Ferri James K.
Published: November 2014

Thermoresponsive freestanding nanomembranes were grown by surface-initiated polymerization at the aqueous–air interface of a pendant drop. We demonstrate formation of liquid-like interfaces supporting anisotropic stress and mechanical flexibility.
Catalytic highly enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of β-trifluoromethyl nitroalkenes. An easy and general entry to optically active β-trifluoromethyl amines
Authors: Martinelli Emilie , Vicini Anna Chiara , Mancinelli Michele , Mazzanti Andrea , Zani Paolo , Bernardi Luca , Fochi Mariafrancesca
Published: November 2014

An easy, general and highly enantioselective entry to optically active β-trifluoromethyl amines via organocatalytic transfer hydrogenation of β-trifluoromethyl nitroalkenes is presented.