bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who’s cooking tonight? A time-use study of coupled adults in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Liu Bochu , Widener Michael J , Smith Lindsey G , Farber Steven , Gesink Dionne , Minaker Leia M , Patterson Zachary , Larsen Kristian , Gilliland Jason
Published: May 2022

Understanding how coupled adults arrange food-related labor in relation to their daily time allocation is of great importance because different arrangements may have implications for diet-related health and gender equity. Studies from the time-use perspective argue that daily activities such as work, caregiving, and non-food-related housework can potentially compete for time with foodwork. However, studies in this regard are mostly centered on individual-level analyses. They fail to consider cohabiting partners’ time spent on foodwork and non-food-related activities, a factor that could be helpful in explaining how coupled partners decide to allocate time to food activities. Using 108 daily time-use logs from seventeen opposite-gender couples living in Toronto, Canada, this paper examines how male and female partners’ time spent on non-food-related activities impact the total amount of time spent on foodwork by coupled adults and the difference in time spent on foodwork between coupled women and men. Results show that both male and female partners took a higher portion of foodwork when their partner worked longer. When men worked for additional time, the couple-level duration of foodwork decreased. Without a significant impact on the gender difference in foodwork duration, women’s increased caregiving duration was associated with a reduction of total time spent on foodwork by couples. An increase in caregiving and non-food-related chores by men was associated with an increased difference in duration of foodwork between women and men, which helped secure a constant total amount of foodwork at the couple level. These behavioral variations between men and women demonstrate the gender differences in one’s responsiveness to the change of partners’ non-food-related tasks. The associations found among non-food-related activities and foodwork are suggestive of a need to account for partners’ time allocation when studying the time-use dynamics of foodwork and other daily activities.
Neonatal Scrub Typhus—A Case Report
Authors: Mehta Abha , Choudhary Sangeeta , Bagri Dhan Raj , Choudhary Ramesh , Vajpayee Shailja
Published: May 2022

Scrub typhus is the most common rickettsial infection in India. A neonate with suspected late-onset sepsis/late hemorrhagic disease of newborn and scrotal cellulitis was finally diagnosed as scrub typhus. The samples of blood and urine were sent and azithromycin was started empirically awaiting the reports. The baby improved with resolution of fever and increased oral acceptance and thrombocytopenia resolved. In any newborn presenting with fever, eschar, and positive family history, besides other common diagnoses like sepsis, scrub typhus should also be suspected as a differential diagnosis, especially in endemic countries. Prompt diagnosis and early initiation of treatment will reduce mortality and morbidity of newborns with scrub typhus.
Assessing achievements in place-based initiatives – developing a tailor-made tool
Authors: O’Connor Patricia M , Clune Eleanor , Marriner Tracey , Sheshgir Shantanu , Waddell Jill
Published: May 2022

Assessing achievements of place-based initiatives (PBIs) has become increasingly important in contemporary evaluation practice. While key characteristics of successful PBIs have been described in the literature, the practicalities of assessing implementation progress across multiple PBIs under the umbrella of a single program invoke complex challenges. This article presents the process used to develop a tool for assessing implementation progress across a 14-site PBI aimed at improving health and education outcomes for First Nations children in Australia. Sites included a mix of metropolitan, regional, remote and very remote locations around Australia and varying levels of PBI maturity. A literature scan identified the attributes of successful PBIs and indicators/measures that could be used to evaluate them. These attributes were condensed into eight domains, and a further two were added due to their importance for this evaluation. The identified indicators and measures were mapped against these domains to generate a question bank. A process of consistently rating sites against the measures relevant to each of them enabled the identification of achievements within each site, comparisons between sites and evaluation of the progress of the program overall. The development of this tool provides a case study for developing a practical, fit-for-purpose tool to evaluate PBIs.
Public procurement for protecting human rights
Authors: McGaughey Fiona , Faugno Rebecca , Bant Elise , Cullen Holly
Published: May 2022

Public procurement presents opportunities for improved human rights protection, specifically requiring that suppliers of government goods and services respect human rights. We discuss two recent developments: the introduction of the Modern Slavery Act 2018 (Cth) (MSA) which applies to businesses and Commonwealth entities and particularly, recent moves by the Western Australian government to introduce a procurement debarment regime as part of the Procurement Act 2020 (WA). Noting that these are positive developments, we nonetheless identify ways to strengthen both the MSA and the debarment regime.
Exploring the possible mental health and wellbeing benefits of video games for adult players: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hazel Jennifer , Kim Hyun Min , Every-Palmer Susanna
Published: May 2022

Objective

There is mixed evidence on the psychological effects of video games. While excessive use can be harmful, moderate use can have emotional, psychological and social benefits, with games successfully used in treating anxiety and depression. More data are required to understand how and for whom these benefits occur. This paper aims to identify correlations between video game genre, player demographics, wellbeing, and the in-play psychological processes for adult players.

Method

Adult gamers ( n = 2107) completed an anonymous cross-sectional survey canvassing play style, genre, perception of psychological impact and mechanisms (wellbeing, self-determination and flow). A multivariate multiple regression model explored correlations.

Results

88.4% of participants experienced emotional benefits from gaming, with stronger benefits experienced by younger players in all categories. The genres most strongly correlated with psychological benefits were music games, role-playing games and survival horror games. Multiplayer online battle arena games had lower scores for psychological and emotional wellbeing.

Conclusions

Certain genres have stronger correlations with beneficial mechanisms, while some may be detrimental to players. These results may guide experimental studies to measure the directionality and strength of these correlations and can also impact practical aspects in development of therapeutic games to treat mental distress.
Necessary Conditions and Theory-Method Compatibility in Quantitative Entrepreneurship Research
Authors: Linder Christian , Moulick Abhisekh Ghosh , Lechner Christian
Published: May 2022

All-or-nothing necessary conditions are critical for the unfolding of subsequent entrepreneurial outcomes. A condition is necessary when an entrepreneurial outcome emerges only in the presence or absence of that condition. While a necessary condition does not guarantee the outcome, it makes the outcome possible by virtue of its theoretical necessity. We discuss the philosophical roots and importance of necessary conditions in entrepreneurship. We offer an empirical illustration of necessary condition analysis using founder’s experience, a critical concept in entrepreneurship. We argue that theory-method compatibility in entrepreneurship research can be enhanced by explicitly accounting for necessary conditions.
Outsourcing Transcription: Extending Ethical Considerations in Qualitative Research
Authors: Hennessy Marita , Dennehy Rebecca , Doherty Jennifer , O’Donoghue Keelin
Published: May 2022

Research ethics considerations foreground minimising harm to participants. Whilst increasing attention is being paid to researcher vulnerabilities, little has been written about transcriptionists, who can potentially experience emotional distress and vicarious trauma. In this article, we highlight ethical considerations when outsourcing audio for transcription as part of the RE:CURRENT (REcurrent miscarriage: evaluating CURRENT services) Project. Through qualitative interviews, we explored the perspectives of those involved in the management/delivery of services, and women and men who experienced recurrent miscarriage ( N = 62). We put distress protocols in place for participants, researchers and the transcriptionist, and adopted a research team approach with the professional transcriber. The transcriptionist highlighted the isolated nature of the role; how researchers often did not brief her when commissioning work, and how the personal impacts of this work were rarely considered. Researchers and ethics committees should consider ethical responsibilities to ‘do no harm’ when it comes to transcriptionist wellbeing.
Do Multiple I-Deals in a Team Help or Hinder Team Outcomes? A Resource Scarcity Perspective
Authors: Vossaert Lien , Anseel Frederik , Ho Violet
Published: May 2022

Idiosyncratic deals (i-deals) are individualized employment arrangements negotiated and agreed upon by individual employees and their organization. This study addresses an emerging conundrum in i-deals research—whether the prevalence of i-deals in teams helps or hinders team outcomes. Because teams in which i-deals are prevalent receive more resources and status, they may be more cohesive and engage in more supportive behaviors. On the other hand, because i-deals differentiate among team members, teams in which i-deals are prevalent may be less cohesive and less inclined to engage in OCB. To solve this puzzle, we draw from a resource scarcity perspective to posit that understanding intra-team i-deal dynamics requires taking into account both organizational-level (i.e., organizational i-deal scarcity) and team-level (i.e., team power structure) factors. Using data from 40 organizations, 166 teams, and 1016 employees, we disentangle the complex interplay among the prevalence of i-deals in a team, organizational i-deal scarcity, and intra-team power structure in predicting both team cohesion and intra-team OCB.
Parameter-dependent robust anti-saturation control of supercavitating vehicle with time-delay characteristics
Authors: Guo Hao , Han Yuntao , Bai Tao , Zhou Yuanzhi , Tai Xu
Published: May 2022

Aiming at the time-delay characteristics and nonlinear planing force of supercavitating vehicles in the process of motion, a parameter-dependent robust controller with anti-saturation compensator is proposed. First, the system model with nonlinear planing force is transformed into a parameter dependent linear-parameter-varying model containing time-delay part and non-time-delay part. Then consider the external disturbance input to design a robust controller and use convex polyhedron theory and the parameter dependence characteristics of controller to ensure the stability of the system with cavitation radius perturbation. Finally, the anti-saturation compensation method is used to overcome the input constraints caused by the physical limitations of the control mechanism. The simulation results show that the controller has good control effect and robust performance for supercavitating vehicles with time-delay characteristics.
On the impact process and stress field of functionally graded graphene reinforced composite pipes with a viscoelastic interlayer
Authors: Li Lizhi , Nie Lu , Ren Yiru , Jin Qiduo
Published: May 2022

In the paper, impact process of the fluid-conveying pipes composed of graphene-reinforced composite layers and a viscoelastic interlayer is studied. The bending stress field, midspan displacement and contact force are focused on. Based on the theory of high-order displacement field, the governing equations are derived through the Hamilton variational principle. To obtain the approximate solution for the impact dynamics of pipes, the Galerkin method is extended to expand the generalized displacements into the schemes of triangular series. Further, by utilizing the orthogonality of the trigonometric series, the differential equations of various orders for impact dynamics are established. The fourth-order Runge–Kutta method is introduced to the truncated solutions. Subsequently, the parameter sensitivity of the transient responses in the impact stage is emphatically discussed. It is revealed that the insensitive parameters to contact force and midspan displacement have a great influence on the stress field. Furthermore, the evolution characteristics of the bending normal stress field are highlighted. Numerical results illustrate that the attenuation characteristics of bending stress field are determined by the coupling effects of internal flow and structural features on structural stiffness and damping.
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: An Update on Preclinical Models, Clinical Biomarkers, and the Implications of Cerebrovascular Dysfunction
Authors: Nwafor Divine C. , Brichacek Allison L. , Foster Chase H. , Lucke-Wold Brandon P. , Ali Ahsan , Colantonio Mark A. , Brown Candice M. , Qaiser Rabia
Published: May 2022

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. Recent studies suggest that children and adolescents have worse post-TBI outcomes and take longer to recover than adults. However, the pathophysiology and progression of TBI in the pediatric population are studied to a far lesser extent compared to the adult population. Common causes of TBI in children are falls, sports/recreation-related injuries, non-accidental trauma, and motor vehicle-related injuries. A fundamental understanding of TBI pathophysiology is crucial in preventing long-term brain injury sequelae. Animal models of TBI have played an essential role in addressing the knowledge gaps relating to pTBI pathophysiology. Moreover, a better understanding of clinical biomarkers is crucial to diagnose pTBI and accurately predict long-term outcomes. This review examines the current preclinical models of pTBI, the implications of pTBI on the brain’s vasculature, and clinical pTBI biomarkers. Finally, we conclude the review by speculating on the emerging role of the gut-brain axis in pTBI pathophysiology.
Multi-platform practices among digital patronage creators
Authors: Hair Lee , Bonifacio Ross , Wohn Donghee Yvette
Published: May 2022

Digital patronage is an emergent revenue model in which fans provide recurring financial support to a content creator, as exemplified through platforms like Twitch and Patreon. Whereas previous research has investigated creator-supporter relationships, the current study investigates creators’ multi-platform practices through in-depth interviews. We build on trends in creative labor studies and communication to examine how creators perceive Patreon and integrate it into their existing workflow. This study’s findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of digital patronage within the broader ecosystem of creative labor platforms.
Implementing joint training sessions of general practitioners and specialists aimed at improving clinical coordination in Colombia: Contributions from participatory action research
Authors: León-Arce Heisel G , Chávez Chávez Josefina , Mogollón-Pérez Amparo-Susana , Vargas Ingrid , Vázquez María-Luisa
Published: May 2022

Objective

To analyse the contribution of participatory action research (PAR) in designing and implementing joint training sessions as a means to improve clinical coordination in a public health care network in Bogotá, Colombia.

Methods

A qualitative, descriptive-interpretative study using semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups with 40 professionals (GPs, specialists, members of the local steering committee (LSC) and network middle managers) involved in designing and implementing joint training sessions to improve cross-level clinical coordination. The intervention consisted of two forms of joint training sessions for GPs and specialists, implemented through two PAR cycles.

Results

The PAR approach in designing and implementing joint training sessions led to greater awareness of clinical coordination problems and helped adapting sessions to the local health care context. Study participants highlighted the role of LSC leadership during the PAR process and the importance of ensuring the necessary resources for adopting the intervention. Limited institutional support and differences between joint training sessions affected doctors’ participation and reduced the time available to conduct the sessions. The use of a reflexive method was essential in enhancing doctors’ participation, along with session duration, the facilitator’s role and session content.

Conclusions

The study provides evidence regarding the contribution of a PAR process to designing and implementing joint training sessions for improving clinical coordination. The findings can inform similar approaches in other health systems.
Isolated duodenal perforation in children: Importance of high index of suspicion following blunt trauma abdomen
Authors: Wani Sajad A , Rashid Kumar A
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Isolated duodenal perforation (IDP) is rare and only isolated cases are reported in the literature. Due to its rarity and subtle presentation, the diagnosis of IDP is often delayed. Delay in the diagnosis and surgical intervention result in increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this article is to highlight the importance of a high index of suspicion of IDP following blunt abdominal trauma and safety of primary repair without diversion in such cases.

Material and methods

Children with isolated duodenal injuries following blunt abdominal trauma were included; mode of trauma, clinical presentation, diagnosis, operative intervention and outcome were studied.

Results

Nine patients with isolated duodenal perforations were identified and operated on. Most had minimal clinical findings on arrival and were haemodynamically stable. Abdominal radiography and ultrasonography were unremarkable. However, pain remained persistent and worsening of vomiting was seen over time. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the abdomen with oral and intravenous contrast was done to identify the injuries. Primary repair of perforation was performed in all cases. The most common cause was road traffic accident. There were three Grade 2 injuries, five Grade 3 and one Grade 4 injuries. Eight patients healed well with uneventful recovery – one patient died from sepsis after presenting 24 h after injury with frank peritonitis.

Conclusion

Isolated duodenal perforation presents without specific signs and symptoms and a high index of suspicion is necessary for early diagnosis. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen with oral contrast should be ordered early if symptoms persist or worsened over time.
An exploration of young people’s experiences relating to stability and permanence throughout their care journey
Authors: Woodall Tamara , Browne Kevin D. , Green Kathleen , Majumder Pallab
Published: May 2022

Instability in the lives of young people in care is a public health concern. Placement moves and loss of relationships can have serious implications for young people’s overall functioning, as well as their future life outcomes. Despite this, research often lacks the perspective and voice of young people in care. In this qualitative research, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to provide a deeper insight into young people’s perceptions and beliefs about their care experiences to explore the impact of these on their ability to achieve a sense of stability and permanency across time. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six males from UK foster, residential and semi-independent care homes. The main themes highlighted young people’s perceptions of their care environment, relationships with others, sense of self and future under the overarching issue of permanence. Policy and practice implications propose strategies to target instability at the micro-level and how that may facilitate positive outcomes. The study revealed insights that may be helpful for frontline professionals and highlight to policy makers the importance of ensuring environmental and relational stability. An awareness of attachment theory to implement effective caregiving, should be a priority for training parents, caregivers, professionals and policy makers.
A Systematic Review on Evaluating Responsiveness of Parent- or Caregiver-Reported Child Maltreatment Measures for Interventions
Authors: Yoon Sangwon , Speyer Renée , Cordier Reinie , Aunio Pirjo , Hakkarainen Airi
Published: May 2022

Aims: Child maltreatment (CM) is a global public health and social problem, resulting in serious long-term health and socioeconomic consequences. As parents are the most common perpetrators of CM, parenting interventions are appropriate strategies to prevent CM. However, research on parenting interventions on CM has been hampered by lack of consensus on what measures are most responsive to detect a reduction in parental maltreating behaviours after parenting intervention. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the responsiveness of all current parent- or caregiver-reported CM measures. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in CINAHL, Embase, ERIC, PsycINFO, PubMed and Sociological Abstracts. The quality of studies and responsiveness of the measures were evaluated using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures. Only measures developed and published in English were included. Studies reporting data on responsiveness of the included measures were selected. Results: Sixty-nine articles reported on responsiveness of 15 identified measures. The study quality was overall adequate. The responsiveness of the measures was overall insufficient or not reported; high-quality evidence on responsiveness was limited. Conclusions: Only the Physical Abuse subscale of the ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool for use in Trials (ICAST-Trial) can be recommended as most responsive for use in parenting interventions, with high-quality evidence supporting sufficient responsiveness. All other overall scales or subscales of the 15 included measures were identified as promising based on current data on responsiveness. Additional psychometric evidence is required before they can be recommended.
Syllabus as Crisis Autoethnography: Performance in Extraordinary Times
Authors: Hamera Judith
Published: May 2022

This personal essay examines entanglements of contemporary crises and pedagogical routines using the syllabus as autoethnography. Syllabi are an intrinsically autoethnographic genre: combining personal and disciplinary ideals, scoring contributing voices via course materials, and operating within the realities of academic labor. The syllabus for “Performance in Extraordinary Times” organizes reflections on the ways COVID-19, lethal U.S. anti-Blackness, shocks to U.S. performing arts communities, and crises of student mental health unfolded between 2020 and 2021. The essay invites questions about the ways syllabi operate as crisis management strategies and how they sometimes succumb to the very dynamics they aspire to address.
Sage Against the Machine: Promise and Challenge of Artificial Intelligence in Epilepsy
Authors: Karakis Ioannis
Published: May 2022

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Rigorous Qualitative Research Involving Data Collected Remotely From People With Communication Disorders: Experience From a Telerehabilitation Trial
Authors: Anglade Carole , Tousignant Michel , Gaboury Isabelle
Published: May 2022

Diverse challenges arise with research involving people with communication disorders while using remote methods for data collection. Ethical and methodological issues related to the inclusion of people with communication disorders in research, specifically qualitative research, are magnified by communication challenges specific to remote communication. Avenues are discussed to ensure that remote data collection processes can include people with a communication disorder, while limiting negative impacts on the validity of the data.
An Ethnographic Toolkit for Studying the Networking Pathways of Hard-to-Reach Populations: The Case of Cosmetic Surgery Consumers in South Korea
Authors: Au Anson
Published: May 2022

This article develops a novel ethnographic toolkit for examining the networking pathways that hard-to-reach populations use to socially survive. The toolkit consists of two sampling strategies (snowball and purposive sampling) and three data collection practices (role shuttling, site shuttling, and autoethnography). This article illustrates the applications of the toolkit in an ethnography of South Korean cosmetic surgery clinics and digital forums from 2018 to 2019 by uncovering the role that furtive networks play in facilitating cosmetic surgery consumption. Longitudinal in nature, the toolkit excels in examining the network’s dynamism, informal hierarchy, and the meaning-making and networking pathways that allow members of a hard-to-reach population like cosmetic surgery consumers in South Korea to participate in stigmatized practices. In the hard-to-reach population of surgery enthusiasts, I find that surgery is purchased by consumers through persuasive reconstructions of the meanings of success, body, and self by an elusive network of clinicians, who are introduced by an ever-changing roster of past cosmetic surgery consumers perceived to be high-status.
Randomized prospective comparative study of platelet-rich plasma versus conventional compression in treatment of post-phlebitic venous ulcer
Authors: Shehab Abdelrahman W , Eleshra Ahmed , Fouda Elyamani , Elwakeel Hossam , Farag Mohamed
Published: May 2022

Objectives

to assess the safety and efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as adjunctive to compression therapy for post-phlebitic venous ulcers.

Methods

This is a single-center randomized controlled trial on patients with persistent chronic post-phlebitic lower limb venous ulcers from March 2019 to March 2020. Patients were randomly allocated to one of two equal cohort groups. Patients group in which patients underwent combined PRP with compression therapy versus control group in which patients underwent placebo+ compression therapy alone. The primary endpoint of the study was the improvement in ulcer topographic measurement. Secondary endpoints included ulcer healing parameters, possible healing factors, reduction in pain score (VAS), and the achievement of complete healing.

Results

Forty patients were available equally for randomization and analysis in both groups. The median number of PRP applications for every patient in the patient group was 6 (ranging from 3 to 6). There was a significant decline in the median length, width, and depth of ulcers in the patients group versus control group. Consequently, there was a significant decline of the median ulcer area, in the patient group versus control group (4 (3–9) cm2 vs. 10 (6–14) cm2, p = .036). Also, the median volume of the ulcers showed a significant decline in the patient group versus control group (1 (.7–3) cm3 vs 3 (2–6) cm3, p = .008). Complete healing was achieved in 45% of patient group. There was a significant decline in pain scores at 3- and 6 months from the therapy starting point in both groups (patient group: pre-VAS = 6.5 vs. post(3 months)-VAS = 1 vs. post(6 months)-VAS = 0.5) and (control group: pre-VAS = 6.4 vs. post(3 months)-VAS = 4.5 vs. post(6 months)-VAS = 2.2), ( p < .0001 for each). On the other hand, the decline in pain scores between both groups was statistically significant in favor of the patient group, (post (3 months); PRP-VAS = 1 vs. control-VAS = 4.5, and post(6 months); PRP-VAS = 0.5 vs. control-VAS = 2.2), ( p < .0001).

Conclusion

Platelet-rich plasma as an adjunct to compression therapy for chronic post-phlebitic venous ulcers is safe and effective as regards the ulcer healing and improvement of pain score. PRP may be useful adjunct in treatment of post-phlebitic venous ulcer. However, larger trials are warranted.
Impact of the ICD-11 on the accuracy of clinical coding in Korea
Authors: Lee Hyunkyung , Kim Sukil
Published: May 2022

Background: ICD-11 was officially released at the World Health Assembly on 25 May 2019. Objective: To find effective ways to increase the accuracy of coding for diagnostic terms in Korea for a stable transition from Korean modification of ICD-10 (7th Revision of Korean Classification of Disease, KCD-7) to ICD-11. Method: A total of 27 skilled Korean health information managers performed KCD-7 and ICD-11 coding simultaneously (line coding [56]; case coding [17]). Accuracy rates and percentage agreements were calculated, and granularity and difficulty of the ICD-11 were rated by participants. Results: The average accuracy rate of line coding was 71.6 % in ICD-11 and 80.2% in KCD-7, which was similar to results in other studies. The mean percentage agreements for ICD-11 and KCD-7 for line coding were 64.2% and 72.1%, respectively; while for case coding it was 15.3% and 26.6%. Selection criteria for the case scenarios may have influenced the low agreements in case coding. Cluster coding, changes of terms in ICD-11 and removal of codes used in ICD-10 contributed to low agreement in ICD-11 (46.6% of participants reported that granularity of ICD-11 was similar to ICD-10, while 36.9% reported that ICD-11 had finer granularity). In terms of difficulty, 15.3% of participants found line coding difficult and 10.9% found case coding difficult. Conclusion: Provision of more detailed reference guidelines and efficient training for coding professionals by the World Health Organization would enable ICD-11 to be an excellent tool for gathering relevant information about diseases in Korea.
Effects of Berberine on Liver Cancer
Authors: Liu Yiting , Nwafor Ebuka-Olisaemeka , Li Ziwei , Wang Jilin , Feng Xiaojiao , Li Huihui , Jia Bei , Ma Hongfei , He Jiachen , Pi Jiaxin , Liu Zhidong
Published: May 2022

Liver cancer, otherwise known as hepatocellular carcinoma, is a chronic disease condition with an excessive deposition and growth of malignant cells in the body. The high incidence and prevalence rates of liver cancer continue to be problems, as well as its poor prognosis and therapeutic limitations involving severe drug adverse reactions linked to the use of synthetic chemotherapeutic compounds. Continuous experimental studies, as well as utilization of pure herbal-based compounds, are essential towards finding more potent cures for liver cancer. Natural bioactive compounds, particularly alkaloids (eg, berberine), have been shown to be highly beneficial in the treatment of various diseases. Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid, is obtained from stem, bark, roots, rhizomes, and leaves of several medicinal plants, including Berberis species. It is commonly synthesized from the benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline system with the incorporation of an additional carbon atom as a bridge. The multiple attributes of BBR involving effective inhibitory and cytotoxic actions against the proliferation of cancer cells have been demonstrated. The use of BBR in experimental studies (in vivo and in vitro) for over a decade for liver cancer treatment has proven to be highly effective, safe, and potent. Until now, the poor solubility of BBR remains one of the contributing factors leading to its minimal clinical bioavailability. Therefore, BBR could serve as a prospective drug candidate in the future towards drug formulation for liver cancer treatment. The relevant information regarding this review was obtained electronically through the use of databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer, Hindawi, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. All the aforementioned databases were searched from 1981 to 2020. This literature represents an update of previous review papers discussing the various positive pharmacological and mechanistic effects (oxidative stress regulation, inflammation reduction, apoptosis activation, overcoming drug resistance, and metastasis inhibition) of BBR for liver cancer treatment, which would be of great significance to drug development and clinical research.
Autoimmune disease of head and neck, imaging, and clinical review
Authors: Paydar Alireza , Jenner Zachary B , Simkins Tyrell J , Chang Yu-Ming , Hacein-Bey Lotfi , Ozturk Arzu , Birkeland Andrew , Assadsangabi Reza , Raslan Osama , Shadmani Ghazal , Apperson Michelle , Ivanovic Vladimir
Published: May 2022

Autoimmune disease of the head and neck (H&N) could be primary or secondary to systemic diseases, medications, or malignancies. Immune-mediated diseases of the H&N are not common in daily practice of radiologists; the diagnosis is frequently delayed because of the non-specific initial presentation and lack of familiarity with some of the specific imaging and clinical features. In this review, we aim to provide a practical diagnostic approach based on the specific radiological findings for each disease. We hope that our review will help radiologists expand their understanding of the spectrum of the discussed disease entities, help them narrow the differential diagnosis, and avoid unnecessary tissue biopsy when appropriate based on the specific clinical scenarios.
Prognostic Factors for Respiratory Dysfunction for Cervical Spinal Cord Injury and/or Cervical Fractures in Elderly Patients: A Multicenter Survey
Authors: Hirota Ryosuke , Terashima Yoshinori , Ohnishi Hirofumi , Yamashita Toshihiko , Yokogawa Noriaki , Sasagawa Takeshi , Ando Kei , Nakashima Hiroaki , Segi Naoki , Funayama Toru , Eto Fumihiko , Yamaji Akihiro , Watanabe Kota , Yamane Junichi , Takeda Kazuki , Furuya Takeo , Yunde Atsushi , Nakajima Hideaki , Yamada Tomohiro , Hasegawa Tomohiko , Suzuki Hidenori , Imajo Yasuaki , Ikegami Shota , Uehara Masashi , Tonomura Hitoshi , Sakata Munehiro , Hashimoto Ko , Onoda Yoshito , Kawaguchi Kenichi , Haruta Yohei , Suzuki Nobuyuki , Kato Kenji , Uei Hiroshi , Sawada Hirokatsu , Nakanishi Kazuo , Misaki Kosuke , Terai Hidetomi , Tamai Koji , Shirasawa Eiki , Inoue Gen , Kakutani Kenichiro , Kakiuchi Yuji , Kiyasu Katsuhito , Tominaga Hiroyuki , Tokumoto Hiroto , Iizuka Yoichi , Takasawa Eiji , Akeda Koji , Takegami Norihiko , Funao Haruki , Oshima Yasushi , Kaito Takashi , Sakai Daisuke , Yoshii Toshitaka , Ohba Tetsuro , Otsuki Bungo , Seki Shoji , Miyazaki Masashi , Ishihara Masayuki , Okada Seiji , Imagama Shiro , Kato Satoshi
Published: May 2022

Study design

Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognosis of respiratory function in elderly patients with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) and to identify predictive factors.

Methods

We included 1353 cases of elderly cervical SCI patients collected from 78 institutions in Japan. Patients who required early tracheostomy and ventilator management and those who developed respiratory complications were defined as the respiratory disability group. Patients’ background characteristics, injury mechanism, injury form, neurological disability, complications, and treatment methods were compared between the disability and non-disability groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the independent factors. Patients who required respiratory management for 6 months or longer after injury and those who died of respiratory complications were classified into the severe disability group and were compared with minor cases who were weaned off the respirator.

Results

A total of 104 patients (7.8%) had impaired respiratory function. Comparisons between the disabled and non-disabled groups and between the severe and mild injury groups yielded distinct trends. In multiple logistic regression analysis, age, blood glucose level, presence of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), anterior vertebral hematoma, and critical paralysis were selected as independent risk factors.

Conclusion

Age, OPLL, severe paralysis, anterior vertebral hematoma, hypoalbuminemia, and blood glucose level at the time of injury were independent factors for respiratory failure. Hyperglycemia may have a negative effect on respiratory function in this condition.
Role of Review Length, Review Valence and Review Credibility on Consumer’s Online Hotel Booking Intention
Authors: Shukla Anuja , Mishra Anubhav
Published: May 2022

Information and communication technologies have empowered the consumers with ease of access to information about products and services in form of electronic word of mouth (eWOM). eWOM plays a critical role in consumer purchase decisions in the form of online reviews. The study uses the S-O-R framework to examine the impact of online reviews on online hotel booking. The data were collected using purposive sampling through an online self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using the PLS-SEM technique. The results of the study show that review valence significantly impacts review credibility whereas review length does not. Furthermore, credible reviews lead to high purchase intention. The positive impact of purchase intention on purchase in online hotel booking context is a novel finding. We suggest managers to include more positive valanced reviews to develop trust and credibility while take proper measures to reduce risk.
Viral Racism via Videos: A Study of Asians’ Experiences of Interpersonal Discrimination Because of COVID-19
Authors: Brown Tony N. , Lesane-Brown Chase L. , Davis Rachell , Carroll Michael A.
Published: May 2022

This study analyzes five publicly posted videos wherein Asians experience interpersonal discrimination because of COVID-19. We think social scientists ignore how videos provide data for investigating interpersonal discrimination. We characterize the videos according to multiple features including context, characteristics, and responses of individuals involved, type of threat or mistreatment, and level of psychological and physical harm. We then summarize features across the videos. Among other things, analyses uncover implicit, explicit, and historically specific anti-Asian sentiment alongside evidence perpetrators are men and bystanders do not intervene typically. The Discussion contrasts Asians’ experiences of interpersonal discrimination because of COVID-19 against the interpersonal and institutional discrimination faced by American Indians, blacks, and Hispanics in the United States. That contrast brings Asians’ positionality into sharp relief.
Book review: Bob de Graaff ed., Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference
Authors: Parkes Aidan
Published: May 2022

Bob de Graaff ed., Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2020, 505 pp. (hardback). ISBN: 978-1626378896.
Organ-specific response after low-dose interleukin-2 therapy for steroid-refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Kim Haesook T. , Koreth John , Whangbo Jennifer , Nikiforow Sarah , Reynolds Carol G. , Stowe Peter , Ho Vincent T. , Cutler Corey , Antin Joseph H. , Soiffer Robert J. , Ritz Jerome
Published: May 2022

Despite new therapeutic options, treatment of steroid-refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease (SR-cGVHD) remains challenging as organ involvement and clinical manifestations are highly variable. In previous trials of low-dose interleukin-2 (LD IL-2), we established the safety and efficacy of LD IL-2 for the treatment of SR-cGVHD. In the present report, we combined five phase 1 or 2 clinical trials conducted at our center to investigate organ-specific response rate, coinvolvement of organs, predictors of organ-specific response, and its possible association with immune response. For the 105 adult patients included in this report, the overall response rate after 8 or 12 weeks of LD IL-2 was 48.6% and 53.3%, including late responses in patients who continued treatment for extended periods. Skin was the most frequent organ involved (84%). The organ-specific response rate was highest in liver (66.7%) followed by the gastrointestinal tract (62.5%), skin (36.4%), joint/muscle/fascia (34.2%), and lung (19.2%). In multivariable analysis, shorter time from diagnosis of cGVHD to IL-2 initiation, shorter time from transplant to IL-2 initiation, and fewer prior therapies were associated with overall response as well as skin response. For immunologic correlates, the ratio of regulatory T cells:conventional T cells (ie, CD4Treg:CD4Tcon) ratio at 1 week was significantly higher in patients with overall and skin response; skin response was significantly associated with lower number of total CD3 T cells, CD4Tcon cells, and CD8 T cells and a higher number of B cells. For lung responders, terminal effector memory cell counts were lower within all T-cell populations compared with nonresponders. Organ-specific mechanisms of injury should be investigated, and organ-specific targeted therapies need to be developed.
Indoor microbiome, microbial and plant metabolites, chemical compounds, and asthma symptoms in junior high school students: a multicentre association study in Malaysia
Authors: Sun Yu , Zhang Mei , Ou Zheyuan , Meng Yi , Chen Yang , Lin Ruqin , Hashim Jamal Hisham , Hashim Zailina , Wieslander Gunilla , Chen Qingsong , Norbäck Dan , Fu Xi
Published: May 2022

Background

Indoor microbial exposure is associated with asthma, but the health effects of indoor metabolites and chemicals have not been comprehensively assessed.

Methods

We collected classroom dust from 24 junior high schools in three geographically distanced areas in Malaysia (Johor Bahru, Terengganu and Penang), and conducted culture-independent high-throughput microbiome and untargeted metabolomics/chemical profiling.

Results

1290 students were surveyed for asthma symptoms (wheeze). In each centre, we found significant variation in the prevalence of wheeze among schools, which could be explained by personal characteristics and air pollutants. Large-scale microbial variations were observed between the three centres; the potential protective bacteria were mainly from phyla Actinobacteria in Johor Bahru, Cyanobacteria in Terengganu and Proteobacteria in Penang. In total, 2633 metabolites and chemicals were characterised. Many metabolites were enriched in low-wheeze schools, including plant secondary metabolites flavonoids/isoflavonoids (isoliquiritigenin, formononetin, astragalin), indole and derivatives (indole, serotonin, 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde), and others (biotin, chavicol). A neural network analysis showed that the indole derivatives were co-occurring with the potential protective microbial taxa, includingActinomycetospora,FischerellaandTruepera, suggesting these microorganisms may pose health effects by releasing indole metabolites. A few synthetic chemicals were enriched in high-wheeze schools, including pesticides (2(3H)-benzothiazolethione), fragrances (2-aminobenzoic acid, isovaleric acid), detergents and plastics (phthalic acid), and industrial materials (4,4-sulfonyldiphenol).

Conclusions

This is the first association study between high-throughput indoor chemical profiling and asthma symptoms. The consistent results from the three centres indicate that indoor metabolites/chemicals could be a better indicator than the indoor microbiome for environmental and health assessments, providing new insights for asthma prediction, prevention and control.
Stresses induced by one piece and two piece dental implants in All-on-4® implant supported prosthesis under simulated lateral occlusal loading: non linear finite element analysis study
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Mostafa Abdelfattah , Askar Mohamed Gamal , El Homossany Mahmoud El-Moutassim Bellah
Published: May 2022

Background

Correct choice of the implant design and the occlusal scheme is important for the success of implant supported restorations. So, the aim of the current study was to find out the difference in the stresses induced by the one piece dental implants designed to be used in the All-on-4® concept and the conventional two piece ones under simulated lateral occlusal schemes using nonlinear finite element analysis.

Methods

Two finite element models of the maxilla, implants, and prostheses were designed according to the All-on-4® concept. In the model TP, two piece dental implants were placed while in the model OP one piece dental implants were used. Two loading scenarios were applied to each model; the first one simulated a group function occlusal scheme while the second scenario simulated a canine guided one.

Results

The highest stress value was recorded in the model TP with the group function occlusion and the lowest stress value was in the model OP with the canine guidance occlusion.

Conclusion

The one-piece dental implants can be concluded to induce less stress compared to the two piece dental implants when used in the All-on-4® implant supported prosthesis in the different lateral occlusal schemes. Canine guided occlusion can be concluded to cause lower stress values in comparison to the group function occlusal scheme.
Cefixime and cefixime-clavulanate for screening and confirmation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli
Authors: Al-Tamimi Mohammad , Albalawi Hadeel , Shalabi Marwan , Abu-Raideh Jumana , Khasawneh Ashraf I. , Alhaj Farah
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Detection of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) depends on screening for resistance to certain cephalosporins, confirmation with selective ESBL inhibitors, and ESBL genes detection. New tests are required for accurate ESBL detection.

Aims

To test the ability of cefixime (CFM) and cefixime-amoxicillin/clavulanate (CFM-AMC) as a screening and confirmatory test for ESBL identification.

Methods

246 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli were tested by an ESBL screening test, a double-disk synergy test (DDST), a disk replacement test, the Vitek 2 ESBL test, and an ESBL genes test by PCR. CFM ESBL Screening was performed by disk diffusion, while CFM-AMC confirmation was performed by DDST and a disk replacement test.

Results

246 E. coli clinical isolates from two referral hospitals were collected over 2 years. The mean age ± standard deviation of patients was 43.8 ± 27.7 years and 76.8% were females. Resistance rates to penicillins, first, second, and third generation cephalosporins, and monobactams were very high at 97%, 84%, 100% and 97%, respectively. ESBL screening was positive in 81.3% of isolates, DDST was positive in 74.8%, disk replacement was positive in 79%, Vitek 2 ESBL test was positive in 67.3%, and ESBL genes were detected in 85.8% of isolates (CTX-M 75%, TEM 42.5%, SHV 4.6%). Compared to genotyping, screening with CFM achieved 87.7% sensitivity and 64.7% specificity. CFM-AMC DDST achieved 75.8% sensitivity and 75.4% specificity, and CFM-AMC disk replacement had 73% sensitivity and 70% specificity.

Conclusions

High prevalence of ESBLs was noted among E. coli isolates, dominated by CTX-M genotype. ESBL screening and confirmation using CFM and CFM-AMC is a new and accurate method for ESBLs detection.