bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Combination of Alendronate and Human Parathyroid Hormone(1–34) on Bone Strength Are Synergistic in the Lumbar Vertebra and Additive in the Femur of C57BL/6J Mice
Authors: Johnston Sara , Andrews Sharon , Shen Victor , Cosman Felicia , Lindsay Robert , Dempster David W. , Iida-Klein Akiko
Published: June 2007

A cyclic PTH regimen is as effective as a daily regimen on bone density gain in humans and in improving bone quality in mice. Our previous murine study evaluated the effects of a cyclic PTH regimen in the absence of a bisphosphonate, whereas our human study addressed the effects of a cyclic PTH regimen in the presence of ongoing alendronate (ALN) treatment. Accordingly, the current study examined the effects of cyclic or daily PTH regimens in combination with ALN on bone quality and bone density in mice. Twenty-week-old, female C57BL/6J mice were treated with the following sc injections (n = 10): 1) vehicle for 5 d/wk (control); 2) ALN (20 μg/kg·d) 3 d/wk (ALN); 3) human PTH(1–34) (40 μg/kg·d) 5 d/wk (daily PTH); 4) daily PTH in addition to ALN (daily PTH plus ALN); 5) PTH 5 d/wk and vehicle 5 d/wk alternating weekly (cyclic PTH); 6) cyclic PTH in addition to ALN (cyclic PTH plus ALN); and 7) PTH and ALN alternating weekly (alt PTH and ALN). Bone mineral density was measured weekly by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and at 7 wk, bone markers, bone structure, and bone strength were evaluated by biochemical assays, peripheral quantitative computed tomography and mechanical testing, respectively. At 7 wk, all treatments significantly increased femoral and vertebral bone mineral density. ALN slightly decreased endosteal circumference, whereas PTH increased periosteal circumference, resulting in significant increases in femoral cortical thickness in all groups. PTH and ALN enhanced bone strength synergistically in the lumbar vertebrae and additively in the femur. Combined therapy, however, had no effects on bone markers. The results show that combinations of ALN and PTH, in both daily and cyclic regimens, produce more beneficial effects than treatment with either agent alone, suggesting that the mechanisms of actions of ALN and PTH on bone quality may be complementary.
Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Regulation of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Signal Transduction in Bovine Granulosa Cells
Authors: Sen Aritro , Bettegowda Anilkumar , Jimenez-Krassel Fermin , Ireland James J. , Smith George W.
Published: June 2007

Regulation of estradiol production, central to ovarian follicular development and reproductive function, is mediated by a complex interaction of pituitary gonadotropins such as FSH with locally produced regulatory molecules. We previously demonstrated a negative association of expression of cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) with follicle health status and a novel local negative role for CART in regulation of basal estradiol production by bovine granulosa cells. However, effects of CART on FSH-induced estradiol production and the underlying mechanism(s) mediating the physiological actions of CART on granulosa cells are not known. Objectives of the present study were to determine effects of CART on basal and FSH-induced intracellular cAMP levels, aromatase mRNA, estradiol accumulation, calcium signaling, and the intracellular signaling pathways involved using primary cultures of bovine granulosa cells. CART treatment potently inhibits the FSH-induced rise in granulosa cell cAMP levels, estradiol accumulation, and aromatase mRNA. Furthermore, results show that calcium is essential for FSH-induced cAMP and estradiol accumulation, and CART significantly inhibits FSH-induced calcium influx. Select G protein and protein kinase inhibitors were used to elucidate pathways involved in CART actions. The inhibitory actions of CART on FSH signaling and estradiol production are mediated via a Go/i-dependent pathway, whereas none of the other signaling inhibitors had any effect on CART actions. Results demonstrate novel potent inhibitory effects of CART on multiple components of the FSH signaling pathway linked to estradiol production and follicular development and shed new insight into the mechanism of action of CART potentially pertinent within and beyond the reproductive system.
Prolactin Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons to Suppress Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Mice
Authors: Grattan David R. , Jasoni Christine L. , Liu Xinhuai , Anderson Greg M. , Herbison Allan E.
Published: June 2007

Hyperprolactinemia causes infertility, but the mechanisms involved are not known. The present study aimed to determine whether and how prolactin may influence LH secretion in the adult female mouse. Using ovariectomized, estrogen-treated (OVX+E) mice, we found that 7 d of intracerebroventricular prolactin potently suppressed serum LH levels (P < 0.05). To examine whether this central action of prolactin may involve the GnRH neurons, the effects of acute and chronic prolactin on cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation (pCREB) in GnRH neurons were examined using dual-label immunocytochemistry. In diestrous and OVX+E mice, a single sc injection of ovine prolactin resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) doubling of the number of GnRH neurons expressing pCREB. OVX+E mice treated with five injections of ovine prolactin over 48 h showed a 4-fold increase in the number of GnRH neurons with pCREB. To determine whether GnRH neurons might be regulated directly by prolactin, we examined prolactin receptor (PRL-R) mRNA expression in green fluorescent protein-tagged GnRH neurons by single-cell RT-PCR. As a positive control, PRL-R mRNA was measured in arcuate dopaminergic neurons obtained from green fluorescent protein-tagged tyrosine hydroxylase neurons. Three of 23 GnRH neurons (13%) were identified to express PRL-R transcripts, whereas nine of 11 arcuate dopaminergic neurons (82%) were found to coexpress PRL-R mRNA. These data demonstrate that prolactin suppresses LH levels in the mouse, as it does in other species, and indicate that it acts centrally to regulate intracellular signaling within GnRH neurons. This is likely to occur, at least in part, through the direct regulation of a subpopulation of GnRH neurons.
Reversible Photon-mode Phosphorescence Switching of Heteroleptic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes via Photochromic Bisthienylethene Switch Linked to Ancillary Ligand
Authors: Lee Insuk , You Youngmin , Lim Seon-Jeong , Park Soo Young
Published: June 2007

A novel class of heteroleptic IrIII complexes covalently linked with photochromic bisthienylethene (BTE) switch showed optically addressed modulation in blue, green, and yellow phosphorescence. Additional enhancement of phosphorescence modulation was successfully achieved by the incorporation of multiple BTE switches or by the use of intermolecular energy transfer.
Molecular Monolayer Nanotubes Having 7–9 nm Inner Diameters Covered with Different Inner and Outer Surfaces
Authors: Kameta Naohiro , Mizuno Go , Masuda Mitsutoshi , Minamikawa Hiroyuki , Kogiso Masaki , Shimizu Toshimi
Published: June 2007

Novel unsymmetrical bolaamphiphile, bearing glucose- and triglycine-headgroups at both ends, exclusively self-assembled into nanotubes with 7–9-nm inner diameters, which consist of a single monolayer lined by polyglycine-II-type hydrogen-bond networks among the triglycine moieties.
Highly Catalytic Electrode for Glucose Electro-oxidation Based on Au Nanoparticles Electrodeposited onto HOPG Substrate
Authors: Aoun Sami Ben , Taniguchi Isao
Published: June 2007

The electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose at Au nanoparticles-modified highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) electrode has been investigated, for the first time. Catalytic oxidation of glucose to gluconolactone was observed and an electro-oxidative pretreatment of the HOPG electrode showed a significant enhancement of the catalytic activity as a consequence of the significant change in the crystallographic orientations through enrichment in the Au(100) facets of the electrodeposited Au nanoparticles.
Platinum-catalyzed Aromatic C–H Silylation of Arenes with 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyltrisiloxane
Authors: Murata Miki , Fukuyama Naoaki , Wada Jun-ichi , Watanabe Shinji , Masuda Yuzuru
Published: June 2007

The intermolecular dehydrogenative coupling of 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane with arenes proceeded in the presence of a catalytic amount of platinum complexes prepared in situ from PtCl2 and hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate derivatives.
Bright Green Upconversion Fluorescence of Yb3+, Er3+-codoped Fluoride Colloidal Nanocrystal and Submicrocrystal Solutions
Authors: Wang Yan , Qin Weiping , Zhang Jisen , Cao Chunyan , Zhang Jishuang , Jin Ye , Zhu Peifen , Wei Guodong , Wang Guofeng , Wang Lili
Published: June 2007

Hexagonal-phase LaF3: Yb3+, Er3+, hexagonal-phase NaGdF4: Yb3+, Er3+, cubic-phase NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+ nanocrystals (NCs), and hexagonal-phase NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+ submicrorods (MRs) were prepared with oleic acid as capping ligand. The NCs and MRs can be redispersed in nonpolar organic solvents, thus forming transparent and stable solutions. Under a 980-nm excitation from a diode laser, the Yb3+, Er3+-codoped NC and MR colloidal solutions present bright green upconversion fluorescence.
Production of rats in synchronised batches
Authors: May D. , Hepburn Dianne , Simpson Kathleen B.
Published: June 2007

Successful synchronisation of copulations and births for the 1st parity permit continued synchrony of parturitions in subsequent parities. Foetal implantation after post-partum copulation was delayed by multiples of the oestrous cycle; both season and number of sucking neonates influenced the time of implantation. Post-weaning matings gave a high conception rate with a parturition spread of 36 hours for 94% of the original group.
Serodiagnosis of nosematosis by immunofluorescence using cell-culture-grown organisms
Authors: Cox J. C. , Pye D.
Published: June 2007

This simple procedure for the detection of serum antibodies to Nosema cuniculi in rabbits and other host species incorporates indirect immunofluorescence and uses as antigen N. cuniculi isolated from urine and cultured in a human fibroblast-like cell line derived from foetal tongue. Examination of rabbit sera from 8 institutions indicated that no institution was free from Nosema infection. The prevalence of infection in 4 separate Australian rabbit colonies varied from 25 to 75%.
Solid intraperitoneal Landschütz tumour in mice: implications in cancer chemotherapy and immunology studies
Authors: Hod I. , Zimber A. , Gidoni D. , Schonfeld S.
Published: June 2007

Multiple intraperitoneal injections of various normal sera into BALB/c mice inoculated intraperitoneally with Landschütz ascites tumour cells abrogated the development of ascitic syndrome in almost all the animals. In a large proportion of the survivors solid intraperitoneal tumours developed, composed of characteristic ascites tumour cells engulfed and encapsulated in connective tissue. The effect of serum on the development of the solid tumour was diminished if the donor had been immunized against mouse IgG. Inoculated animals treated with serum hyperimmune against mouse IgG showed accelerated ascitic tumour growth. Cyclophosphamide or arabinosylcytosine strongly inhibited growth of solid tumours. Simultaneous administration of arabinosylcytosine and its antagonist cycloheximide did not interrupt tumour growth.
The use of the pig as an animal model to study problems associated with low birthweight
Authors: Cooper J. E.
Published: June 2007

Attention is drawn to some of the consequences associated with the postnatal development of low birthweight human infants and the use of the piglet as a model to study such problems. A description is given of the production and methods of rearing of these animals along with an outline of studies currently in progress.
Husbandry and observation methods of a breeding colony of marmosets (callithrix jacchus) for behavioural research
Authors: Ingram Jennifer C.
Published: June 2007

By allowing families to increase in size, co-operation between parents and adolescents in infant care was encouraged. Young adult pairs were subsequently created with these marmosets which had experience of handling infants to provide a stable basis for breeding 2nd and 3rd generation marmosets in captivity.
The use of laminar flow for obtaining germ-free mice
Authors: Taylor D. M.
Published: June 2007

Hysterectomy in a laminar-flow cabinet affords greater economy of time and effort in obtaining germ-free mice than other methods. No contamination has occurred during the surgical procedure or in the subsequent transfer of the neonates into germ-free isolators.
Halothane anaesthesia of normal and dystrophic hamsters
Authors: Carvell J. E. , Stoward P. J.
Published: June 2007

Induction, carried out in a small clear-plastic box with 3·5% (v/v) halothane in 30:70 (v/v) oxygen: nitrous oxide, was quiet and rapid. Recovery was almost instantaneous. 2% halothane in the oxygen-nitrous oxide mixture was sufficient for maintenance anaesthesia. The anaesthetic mixture was given by face mask in an open circuit specially designed to function at low gas-flow rates.

The halothane content of the muscle and blood after 25 min anaesthesia was estimated by gas chromatography of n-heptane extracts. The mean level(± s.e.m.) in blood was 22·8±2·7 mg/1OO ml (n=4), and in dystrophic muscle 226±36·8 mg/100 g wet weight of tissue (n=4): there was a positive correlation (r=0·94) between them ( p<:0·02).
Control of Paraspidodera uncinata in guinea-pigs with levamisole
Authors: Eliazian M. , Shahlapour A. , Tamiji Y.
Published: June 2007

Injectable levamisole was used to control Paraspidodera uncinata in guinea-pigs of both sexes, pregnant and non-pregnant, and was found to be safe and efficient at a dosage rate of 25 mg/kg bodyweight.
Pinworm infections in laboratory rodents: a review
Authors: Taffs L. F.
Published: June 2007

The important and common oxyurids which affect laboratory rodents- Syphacia spp., Aspiculuris tetraptera and Passalurus ambiguus-are discussed and reviewed. Their life histories, pathogenicity and immunity are examined, and mention is made of the influence of age, sex, strain and host status on infection. The importance of using worm-free animals in experimental work is stressed, and guidance is given on diagnosis and control.
A simple technique for continuous intravenous infusion under neuroleptic tranquillization
Authors: Saarni H. , Viikari J.
Published: June 2007

A lateral tail vein of the rat is used as the route for continuous infusion. The animal is kept under neuroleptic tranquilisation during the infusion.
Improved technique for anaesthesia of Macaca speciosa with methohexitone sodium
Authors: Reed M. J. , Staple P. H.
Published: June 2007

Injection of methohexitone sodium, 5% w/v in 0·9% saline, into the deltoid muscle at a dose of 16-17 mg/kg bodyweight was satisfactory for daily general anaesthesia of Macaca speciosa monkeys.
Breeding and fertility of the egyptian spiny mouse, Acomys cahirinus: effect of different environments
Authors: Young D. A. B.
Published: June 2007

2 years experience with Acomys in one laboratory confirmed the slow breeding rate found by other workers. On moving the animals to another laboratory there was a 2-5 fold increase in breeding rate. The most likely explanation of this change was the presence of copper in the drinking water at the 1st laboratory, due to the use of copper water pipes. The data relating to maintenance and breeding of acomys for 2 years at the 2nd laboratory were analyzed to provide a more representative picture of the species.
Physiological responses to stress with reference to the domestic fowl
Authors: Freeman B. M.
Published: June 2007

Environmental stress may affect the outcome of routine investigations as well as experimental procedures. This is illustrated by investigations in the domestic fowl.
The microbiological and parasitological status of laboratory animals from Accredited Breeders in the United Kingdom
Authors: Sparrow Stephen
Published: June 2007

The incidence of significant organisms isolated from mice, hamsters, rats, guinea-pigs and rabbits from Accredited Breeders in the United Kingdom (1970-1974) is recorded. An improvement in quality in the case of mice, rats and guinea-pigs as a result of hysterectomy derivation is demonstrated, and the importance of the various organisms is discussed.
Effect of bodyweight on the rate of glucose uptake by isolated rat muscles
Authors: Partington Gail J. , Wales J. K.
Published: June 2007

The uptake of glucose by isolated extensor digitorum longus muscles was measured in rats of 78-350 g bodyweight. The rate of uptake per unit weight of muscle fell as the weight of the animal increased. It is concluded that in metabolic studies with isolated rat skelatal muscles, only muscles from weight-matched rats should be compared.
Dienes typing of Proteus strains isolated from barrier-maintalned animals
Authors: Simpson W. , Simmons D. J. C.
Published: June 2007

The possible use of Dienes' phenomenon for typing proteus strains as an aid to bacteriological monitoring of barrier-maintained animal units was investigated. It was rare for more than 1 Dienes' type to be isolated from an individual animal. A persistent relationship between 1 or 2 Diene's types and each strain of animal was demonstrated, although these same types were shown to be capable of causing clinical disease in their normal host. The findings suggest that Dienes' phenomenon may be of value in detecting outside contamination of barrier-maintained animals and also might usefully be applied to experimental epidemiological studies.
Galactorrhea in a male stump-tailed macaque (Macaca arctoides)
Authors: Trollope J. , Orgill G.
Published: June 2007

A male Macaca arctoides imported as an adult in 1966, has demonstrated bilateral galactorrhea since 1973. The animal has not shown any clinical signs of gynecomastia, ill health, or reproductive failure. A sample of the secretion expressed from his nipples contained 2·5% lactose.
Lifespan, age changes and tumour incidence in an ageing C57BL mouse colony
Authors: Rowlatt C. , Chesterman F. C. , Sheriff M. U.
Published: June 2007

Detailed data from a colony of C57BL mice kept for research into ageing processes are given on weights of 13 organs between the ages of 6 and 30 months; pathological findings and x-ray results from animals aged 6, 24 and 30 months; age-specific tumour incidences in 24 organs in 3-month period up to 36 months of age. Results of previously published age-related studies of reproductive capacity, dental abnormalities and brain changes are summarised.
A technique for intravenous injection in the red-eared turtle (Pseudemys scripta elegans)
Authors: Vos-Maas Margriet G. , Zwart P.
Published: June 2007

A technique is described for exposure and injection of the jugular vein in the red-eared turtle. Satisfactory anaesthesia and muscular relaxation for this procedure was obtained by intramuscular injection of a mixture of chloral hydrate and sodium pentobarbital at a dose of 2.5 ml/kg bodyweight. Induction time was 30-45 minutes. Time for surgical procedure 30-45 minutes. Recovery time 1-8 hours.
The occurrence of ureaplasmas in marmosets
Authors: Furr P. M. , Taylor-Robinson D. , Hetherington C. M.
Published: June 2007

Ureaplasmas were isolated from the oropharynx of all of 22 male and 19 female adult marmosets and from the genital tract of about a quarter of them. These ureaplasmas seem to be natural inhabitants of the oropharynx and not of human origin because half the animals had had very limited human contact and preliminary serological tests indicate that the organisms are not the same as the known human serotypes. 11 babies born in captivity were found to have oropharyngeal organisms usually within 24 h of birth and the oropharynx of the parents was thought to be the most likely source. The marmoset may be a useful model for studying the role of ureaplasmas in human disease.
A method for the collection of lymph from the prescapular lymph node of unanaethetized sheep
Authors: Glover D. J. , Hall J. G.
Published: June 2007

A method for cannulating the efferent duct of the prescapular lymph node of sheep was developed and carried out on over 100 occasions so that lymph could be collected from unanaesthetized sheep under physiological conditions. On average the lymph flowed at 9 ml/h and contained 15 × 106 lymphocytes/ml.

The surgical procedure and relevant anatomical details are described.
Fibrosarcomas induced by cobalt chloride (CoCl2) in rats
Authors: Shabaan A. A. , Marks V. , Lancaster M. C. , Dufeu G. N.
Published: June 2007

Hyperlipaemia persisted for more than 12 months in rats treated with cobalt chloride. 9 of 20 treated rats and 1 control rat died within the first year, and 8 of the surviving animals developed fibrosarcomas-in 4 of these the tumour was far removed from the injection sites. The results are discussed with reference to the use of cobalt chloride treatment for anaemia in patients with chronic renal failure.
The establishment of specified-pathogen-free marmosets, Callithrix jacchus
Authors: Hobbs K. R. , Clough G. , Bleby J.
Published: June 2007

The establishment of 3 specified-pathogen-free marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) during the period May 1969 to January 1973 is described. A brief history of the conventional breeding colony from which the animals were derived is given and hysterotomy and hand-rearing techniques are described.
Vaginal impedance measurement used for mating in the guinea-pig
Authors: Bartoš L. , Sedlàček J.
Published: June 2007

A method for determining the phase of the oestrous cycle by measuring the electrical impedance of the vaginal mucous membrane was examined in the guinea-pig. The apparatus consisted of silver ring electrodes attached to a plastic rod and connected to a transistor indicator.

A cyclic increase in impedance was found, and significantly higher values were recorded during the phase of increase (proestrus) than at other times of the cycle. By determining this peak the right time for pairing can be chosen. Conversely, the disappearance of this cyclic culmination in impedance pointed to early pregnancy with a high degree of reliability.
Histochemical study of mesenteric lymph nodes in old rats
Authors: Magnusson G. , Majeed S.
Published: June 2007

The main positive reactions in the large mononuclear cell occurring in some nodes were shown with PAS, alcian blue, Sudan black B and acid haematin. The results suggest that in these cells, considered to be mononuclear phagocytes, there is a storage of hexose-containing mucosubstances, acid mucopolysaccharides and choline-containing phospholipids.
Cannibalistic traits observed in rats treated with a teratogen
Authors: Schardein J. L. , Petrere J. A. , Hentz D. L. , Camp R. D. , Kurtz S. M.
Published: June 2007

Rat offspring malformed as a result of maternal exposure to a teratogen were cannibalized preferentially to apparently normal offspring. Lack of viability also appeared to be a factor in the cannibalistic tendency, since both normal and malformed dead pups were consumed more frequently than viable pups of either category. Of the 29 cannibalized pups observed, 86% were cannibalized in the 1st 24 h. The cause of this behavior is not known with certainty but maternal hormone imbalance may play an important role.
Pathological changes in mice infected with tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides corti
Authors: Todd Kenneth S. , Simon Joseph , Dipietro Joseph A.
Published: June 2007

Long-term studies in mice experimentally infected with the tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides corti have revealed disseminated lesions in the liver, lung, kidney, epididymis, and testicle.
Experimental breeding and cytogenetics of the soft-furred rat, Millardia meltada
Authors: Yosida Tosihide H.
Published: June 2007

The soft-furred rat, Millardia meltada, has bred successfully in the laboratory for 10 generations of brother x sister mating. It is half way in size between the rat and the mouse, and is gentle and easy to handle. Thin body hair and incisor teeth are present in the newborn. Some individuals have low blood pressure. Chromosome number (2n) is 50. It differs in several characteristics from the rat and mouse, and could become a useful experimental animal in biomedical research.
Effects of pelleting and sterilization of diet on 2 strains of rabbit coccidia
Authors: Owen Dawn
Published: June 2007

Both autoclaving and irradiation at levels currently used for other laboratory animal diets appear to be satisfactory for the elimination of 2 of the most robust and pathogenic species of rabbit coccidia. Pelleting by the usual methods, even at 68°C, was found to be unsatisfactory in eliminating all oocysts from heavily infected diet.
A modified india-ink immunoreaction for the detection of encephalitozoonosis
Authors: Kellett B. S. , Bywater J. E. C.
Published: June 2007

A modified india-ink immuno technique is described. The use of a moist chamber is not required and the visualisation of both positive and negative results facilitates more rapid and confident reading of the test.
Alphaxolone-alphadolone anaesthesia in laboratory animals
Authors: Green C. J. , Halsey M. J. , Precious S. , Wardley-Smith B.
Published: June 2007

The anaesthetic steroid combination alphaxolone-alphadolone is a well-established short-acting inject-able agent for cats and primates. It can be recommended for intravenous administration to rats, rabbits, neonatal pigs, mice and hamsters. It has limited value in mice and hamsters by the intraperitoneal route, but provides sedation in ferrets and neonatal pigs when injected intramuscularly. It can be given repeatedly or continuously to maintain anaesthesia for long periods without the development of tolerance or cumulation.
Performance of the African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse) on commercial rations and varying dietary protein levels
Authors: Ajayi S. S. , Tewe O. O.
Published: June 2007

The growth performance of 24 weanling giant rats was studied in 2 experiments of 30 weeks duration with commercial livestock rations and graded levels of protein. Daily average liveweight gain was 5·1-7·3 g, food consumption 26·9-36·3 g on 6 diets. Food intake, growth rate and food efficiency ratio were very similar using the different commercial diets. Growth performance improved as the dietary protein level was raised from 10 to 13%, but a further increase to 16% did not result in greater growth. The commercial pig ration and the experimental diet containing 13% dietary protein level were found to give satisfactory growth, and are recommended for studies with these animals.
Partial hepatectomy and liver regeneration in Syrian hamsters
Authors: Chernozemsky I. N. , Nikolov I. G. , Stoichev I. I.
Published: June 2007

In Syrian hamsters 74-75% removal of the liver led to 8-10% mortality. Cell mitoses increased at 36-42 hours after the operation and reached a peak of 43-51% during the 3rd day. Individual variations in liver weight as well as in number of mitoses were smaller in 2-3 months old hamsters than in 6-12 months old animals.
A bacterial disease of the Darwin's frog (Rhinoderma darwini)
Authors: Cooper J. E. , Needham J. R. , Griffin J.
Published: June 2007

Ulceration and necrosis of the rostrum in Darwin's frogs was investigated microbiologically and histopathologically. The condition was attributed to infection with Aeromonas liquefaciens and, possibly, an Acinetobacter sp.
Studies on Tyzzer's disease in rats
Authors: Fries A. Schaich , Svendsen O.
Published: June 2007

An outbreak of an epidemic disease occurred in a specified-pathogen-free (SPF) breeding colony of rats. The clinical signs and the post-mortem findings were characteristic for Tyzzer's disease. The causative agent, Bacillus piliformis, was demonstrated microscopically in ileum, liver and myocardium, and transmitted to mice where its pathogenicity appeared to be similar to that of another strain isolated from mice.

B. piliformis from spontaneously-infected rats was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence technique. By means of the same technique it was found that the fluorescence antibody titre obtained of the individual sera from spontaneously-infected mice, rats and rabbits was the same, whether the antigen employed was organisms isolated from rats or mice.

By testing sera from healthy rats in 3 different colonies by use of immunofluorescence technique, antibodies were found in several sera.
A serological survey of accredited breeding colonies in the United Kingdom for common rodent viruses
Authors: Carthew P. , Verstraete A.
Published: June 2007

This paper reports the results of a general survey, the first in the United Kingdom, carried out on accredited breeding colonies of mice, rats and guinea-pigs over a period of a year. While the results show the potential usefulness of a viral accreditation grading scheme, they also show that contamination of breeding colonies with inapparent viral infections is widespread. This situation can only be improved by the continuous monitoring of animal stocks for rodent viruses, with the aim of improving the standard of animals available for research and for pharmacological, toxicological and routine diagnostic procedures.
Effects of processing and gamma irradiation on the microbiological contaminants of a laboratory animal diet
Authors: Halls N. A. , Tallentire A.
Published: June 2007

The numbers and types of microorganisms contaminating a commercially available laboratory animal diet were examined by plate-count methods at all stages of production. During the cooking and pelleting stages of manufacture there was a marked reduction in numbers of heat-labile vegetative contaminants introduced via the raw materials, and at subsequent stages plate counts at 37 and 25°C corresponded closely to counts of viable aerobic bacterial endospores. It would seem that the count on the pelleted diet was determined principally by the numbers of bacterial spores being introduced with the ingredients. The response to γ-irradiation of the innate microflora contaminating the pelleted diet was characteristic of that generally seen with populations of aerobic bacterial endospores.
Establishment of an albino sand rat (Psammomys obesus) colony and comparison with the natural coloured animal
Authors: Shaham Y. , Lelyveld J. , Marder U. , Mendelssohn H. , Paz G. , Kraicer P. F.
Published: June 2007

The lifespan and fertility of albino sand rats were found to be severely reduced in comparison with a laboratory colony of brown sand rats. The albinos were also much more susceptible to diabetes, as judged by their glucose tolerance. In fact, untreated albinos had a higher incidence of diabetic response than coloured sand rats fed a diabetogenic diet. The albino sand rats reproduced poorly because of a reduction in male fertility. Circulating testosterone levels and seminal vesicle weights were reduced in the albinos. It is speculated that the reduction in reproductive capacity is related to diabetes.
Methods for the aquarium maintenance of the common octopus of British waters, Eledone cirrhosa
Authors: Boyle P. R.
Published: June 2007

Healthy, undamaged specimens survive well in recirculating aquarium seawater of about 36 parts per thousand salinity and pH 7·4, having 50 mg.l-1 nitrogen as nitrate, < 0·1 mg.l-1 nitrogen as nitrite, and < 0·1 mg.l-1 nitrogen as ammonia, and a mean annual temperature of 14-15°C, about 5°C above ambient. For maximal growth rates, the gross wet weight of live crabs required as food ranges up to 10% of the weight of the octopus. Weight-specific growth rates fall from 3-4% day-1 at 100-200 g bodyweight, to 1-1°5% day-1 at >500 g bodyweight. Survival of healthy, wild-caught animals, commonly 4-6 months and up to 8 months, is apparently limited more by endogenous factors concerned with sexual maturation and lifespan than by aquarium conditions. Eggs have been laid but it has not yet been possible to hatch and rear them.
Organ weight data in juvenile and adult marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Wadsworth Peter F. , Budgett David A. , Forster Margaret L.
Published: June 2007

Organ weight data from 167 (82 male and 85 female) juvenile and adult common cotton-eared marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus) is presented. The marmosets were bred in captivity and were used as untreated or vehicle control animals in safety evaluation studies carried out over an 8 year period.
Mixed mesenchymal tumours of the mouse uterus
Authors: Sass Bernard
Published: June 2007

Mixed mesenchymal neoplasms of the uterus of 8 mice had either leiomyosarcoma or fibrosarcoma components. 6 had osteoid and 2 had both vacuolated and undifferentiated neoplastic cells. The putative chondrosarcoma component varied from a poorly-differentiated appearance (sheet-like masses of cells) to a myxoid appearance with giant cells and cells with cytoplasmic vacuoles. 1 tumour contained well-differentiated bone that was located within the primary and just beneath the splenic capsule. In another tumour composed of osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and fibrosarcoma, the latter component had invaded the wall of the rectum.
A new external fixation for bone surgery in African pygmy goats
Authors: Peters A. J. , Van Den Wildenberg F. A. J. M.
Published: June 2007

In performing microsurgical periosteum transplantation in the African pygmy goat, it was necessary to use a comfortable and strong external fixation. We have developed one made of methylmethacrylate for this purpose, and used it with great success in 66 goats.
Observations on spontaneous rhabdomyosarcoma in a rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Tageldin M. H. , Elamin M. A. Gaffar
Published: June 2007

The rhabdomyosarcoma was in the left hindlimb of a laboratory rat aged 9-10 months. Metastasis were observed in the left precrural and internal inguinal lymph nodes and the lungs. Numerous mitotic figures were demonstrated, with no evidence of striation.
Feeding and excretion in the Afghan pika (Ochotona rufescens rufescens), a new laboratory animal
Authors: Matsuzawa Toshiaki , Nakata Masahito , Tsushima Mitsuyoshi
Published: June 2007

Food and water intake and the excretion of urine and faecal pellets during the day (0500-2100) and at night (2100-0500) were observed in Afghan pikas, rats and guineapigs fed appropriate diets. Urine composition was observed in these species after they had been fed the pika diet for 4 weeks. Rats ate more at night than did pikas or guineapigs. The pikas excreted numerous small, hard faeces and soft faeces, the latter being reingested. On the pika diet all species gained about 10% in bodyweight. Food consumption was similar to that shown by each species on its own diet. All animals fed the pika diet excreted alkaline urine. Chloride concentration in pika urine was similar to that of the rat and was significantly higher than that of the guineapig. The ratio of sodium to potassium in pika urine was 2·8 and 1·7 fold that of the rat and guineapig respectively. Osmolality of pika urine was slightly higher than that of the rat, and was 3·8 fold that of the guineapig.
Specular microscopic observations of the corneal endothelium in the normal rabbit
Authors: Sailstad Denise Montanaro , Peiffer R. L.
Published: June 2007

Endothelial specular microscopy and pachometry were performed on both eyes of 14 young adult New Zealand white rabbits with clinically normal eyes. Endothelial cells of the central corneas formed a mosaic-like pattern of homogenous hexagonal cells with a mean diameter of 20·6 ± 1·0, μm sd. The mean number of cells per mm was 2998 ± 326 sd and the mean corneal thickness was 0·38 ± 0·02 mm sd.
Diagnosis of sialodacryoadenitis virus infection of rats in a virulent enzootic outbreak
Authors: Carthew P. , Slinger R. P.
Published: June 2007

In a natural outbreak of sialodacryoadenitis virus it was observed that the incidence of clinical signs in spontaneous-hypertensive rats was 100%, and that these signs were of a severity not observed before in other strains of rats. Rats free of the virus were introduced so that the progress of the disease could be studied under natural conditions of spontaneous spread from the enzootically-affected breeding colony. The pathogenesis of the infection in these Sprague-Dawley rats has been recorded over a period of 10 days after their introduction to the colony, and the results of extensive serological screening have shown that the antibody response of the spontaneous-hypertensive rats to the virus is lower than in other strains of rat.
Measles virus antibodies in a laboratory colony of owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus)
Authors: O'Brien A. W. , Binn L. N. , Hall R. H. , Beattie R. J. , Marchwicki Ruth H.
Published: June 2007

Serologic testing revealed that 17/84 (20·2%) of bought-in Aotus and 1/31 (3·2%) of colony-born Aotus had haemagglutination-inhibition antibody. Clinically-inapparent measles infections were detected in 3 monkeys by increased antibody titres. Following the detection of a recent infection, antibody titre persisted at a high level for at least 240 days. Although 84% of the monkeys were sero-susceptible, no further serological evidence of measles infection occurred.
Spontaneous abdominal implantation in the rat with development to full term
Authors: Gosden R. G. , Russell J. A.
Published: June 2007

A fully-developed rat foetus was recovered from the peritoneal cavity of a rat, where it had formed a vascular connection to the omentum. Primary implantation on the omentum was inferred.
Mange in newly-imported armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus)
Authors: Baskerville A. , Francis Lynn
Published: June 2007

2 species of mites were present, a surface-living dermanyssid of the genus Ornithonyssus, which apparently caused no harm, and a very small burrowing mite, Echimyopus dasypus, which was found in large numbers in the epidermis and was responsible for extensive lesions. The mange persisted in untreated armadillos, but topical treatment with monosulfram solution was effective.
Evaluation of a 2-stage automated coagulometer for multispecies studies
Authors: Fuller I. , Woodman D. D.
Published: June 2007

A 2-stage automated coagulometer was evaluated and compared with standard manual procedures for the routine performance of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time assays in human, dog and rat samples. Correlations between the manual and automated techniques were good, though the automated technique was shown to be the more precise.
Osteogenic sarcoma in 2 guineapigs
Authors: Hong Chou C. , Liu Paul I.
Published: June 2007

A large tumour nodule arising from the 4th lumbar vertebra of a strain 2/N guineapig was observed: no metastases were detected. The other guineapig (strain 13/N) had multiple tumour masses, with lesions of osteogenic sarcoma in the lumbar vertebrae, pancreas, liver, stomach, lungs, kidneys and testis. The original site of the tumour was thought to be the upper lumbar vertebrae.
The ‘Swiss roll’: a simple technique for histological studies of the rodent intestine
Authors: Moolenbeek C. , Ruitenberg E. J.
Published: June 2007

The entire small intestine of laboratory rodents can be removed, divided in various portions, opened longitudinally and rolled with the mucosa outwards. After histological processing microscopical examination of the entire length of the small intestine is then possible.
Zinc poisoning in ferrets (Mustella putoris furo)
Authors: Straube E. F. , Walden N. B.
Published: June 2007

An outbreak of illness is described in a group of experimentally-housed ferrets fed exclusively on raw meat which was accidentally contaminated with a zinc compound. The condition was manifested by nephrotoxicity, and zinc poisoning was diagnosed after autopsy and laboratory investigation.
Genetic and physiological aspects of cholesterol accumulation in hyperresponding and hyporesponding rabbits
Authors: Zutphen L. F. M. Van , Bieman M. G. C. W. Den , HÜLsmann W. C. , Fox R. R.
Published: June 2007

After a 5 week period of feeding a cholesterol-rich diet to rabbits, hyperresponders with high plasma cholesterol levels and hyporesponders with low plasma cholesterol levels could be distinguished from normal responders. The response was found to be correlated with the esterase genotype at the Est-2 locus.

The increase in total body cholesterol was higher in hyper- than in hyporesponders. In both groups most of the accumulated dietary cholesterol was found in plasma and liver.

Adrenal weight and plasma corticosterone levels were more increased in hyper- than in hyporesponders.

The cholesterol-rich diet resulted in an augmentation of liver lipase and lipoprotein lipase activities. These lipolytic activities were more increased in hyper- than in the hyporesponders.
Standardized method for recording blood pressure in anaesthetized Macaca fascicularis
Authors: Corbett Wayne T. , Schey Harry M. , Lehner Noel D. M. , Greene A. Wayne
Published: June 2007

Blood pressures obtained from anaesthetized non-human primates by this indirect, noninvasive method correlate well with direct blood pressure measurements on anaesthetized animals (systolic R = 0·959, diastolic R = 0·946) and on conscious subjects (R = 0·84). Between- and within-animal variances of indirectly-obtained blood pressure recordings in anaesthetized animals were relatively small. The systolic blood pressure standard deviation was 11·566 among animals and 2·233 within animals, diastolic 7·618 and 0·475 respectively.
Vasoconstriction limits to the use of the central ear artery pressure in conscious rabbits
Authors: Talseth T. , Mcnay J. L. , Ballinger Kay , Clementi W. A. , Shepherd A. M. M.
Published: June 2007

The blood pressure measured directly in the distal part of the central ear artery is dependent upon the degree of vasodilation of the vessel, and exhibits spontaneous variation. This variation is abolished by hexamethonium in doses which had only a minor, transient hypotensive effect. While the degree of ganglionic block could not easily be quantitated, stability of peripheral arterial pressure and heart rate persisted for more than 2 hours.
Husbandry and breeding of a newly-established colony of cotton-topped tamarins (Saguinus oedipus oedipus)
Authors: Brand H. M.
Published: June 2007

From November 1976 to February 1979 a total of 8 litters were born to 6 females. Of the 14 infants, 10 were successfully reared by their parents. Housing, nutrition, a balance between environmental stability and stimulation, and female multiparity are seen as factors contributing to the breeding success of this colony.

A controlled male and female pairing programme provided information on mating behaviour and gestation length. One gestation of at least 166 days was observed, longer than that of the common marmoset.
Semen characteristics and fertility of rabbits subjected to exhaustive use
Authors: Adams C. E. , Singh M. M.
Published: June 2007

Up to 26 ejaculations were obtained from male rabbits within a period of 8 hours. During the next 20 days, further ejaculates were collected to establish the pattern of restoration of normal values. Repeated ejaculation resulted in a marked and progressive decline in the 3 semen characters examined; sperm density returned only slowly (3 weeks) to the initial level whereas fructose and volume, in particular, responded much faster. No significant effect of ejaculate order on fertility, litter size or sex ratio was demonstrated.
The Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus): its histological and haematological response to methylcellulose
Authors: Rosa Roberta A. , Glomski Chester A.
Published: June 2007

After intraperitoneal injections of 2·5% aqueous methylcellulose twice a week for 15 weeks gerbils showed a mild haemolytic anaemia, heterophnia, lymphopenia and monocytosis. Many monocytes and a few lymphocytes had a foamy vacuolated cytoplasm. There was a sequestration of methylcellulose in the phagocytic cells of the spleen, liver, bone marrow and in other scattered foci, and consistent storage in the glomerular endothelium. Myeloid metaplasia was noted in the spleen, and splenic weights were markedly increased ( P < 0·05); hepatomegaly was also present. The survival at the end of 15 weeks was 60%. From this experiment, the gerbil is considered to be a potential model for a stimulated monocyte-macrophage system.
Mating post partum and length of gestation in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)
Authors: Norris M. L. , Adams C. E.
Published: June 2007

In gerbils mated post partum gestation was prolonged when 3 or more young were nursed. A well-defined linear, positive relationship existed between the length of gestation and number of young nursed, with an increase of 1·9 days per individual young. No evidence was found for the existence of implantation periods approximating in length to a normal oestrous cycle.
Portable anaesthetic apparatus designed to induce and maintain surgical anaesthesia by methoxyflurane inhalation in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)
Authors: Norris M. L.
Published: June 2007

Over 100 operations have been performed with the machine and postoperative recovery was 100%.
Metomidate, etomidate and fentanyl as injectable anaesthetic agents in mice
Authors: Green C. J. , Knight J. , Precious S. , Simpkin S.
Published: June 2007

Light surgical anaesthesia lasting 12-15 min was produced by metomidate at 50 mg/kg and by etomidate at 30 mg/kg after intraperitoneal injection. Full surgical anaesthesia lasting about 160 min was achieved after subcutaneous injection of a metomidate-fentanyl mixture (60 mg/kg:0·06 mg/kg) and this proved superior to etomidate-fentanyl given subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. It was concluded that metomidate-fentanyl is superior to pentobarbitone and tribromoethanol as an injectable anaesthetic for mice.
Control of oxyuriasis in rabbits by fenbendazole
Authors: Düwel D. , Brech K.
Published: June 2007

Death, poor condition and unsatisfactory breeding performance in a rabbit colony was attributed to infection with Passalurus ambiguus. The trouble disappeared after treatment with 50 ppm fenbendazole in the food for 5 days. In laboratory trials 12·5 ppm for 5 days eliminated more than 99% of adult and most immature pinworms, 25 and 50 ppm eliminated all immature and adult pinworms. These doses were also effective against Obeliscoides cuniculi.
Time of mating and associated changes in the vaginal smear of the post-parturient Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)
Authors: Norris M. L. , Adams C. E.
Published: June 2007

Most gerbils mating did so within 24 h of parturition, with a peak of activity occurring between 1600-2000 h on Day 0. Vaginal smears showed a gradual reduction both in the total number of cells present and leucocyte dominance, with a concomitant increase in cornification. A significant change to leucocyte and epithelial cell dominance occurred by 0930 on Day 1. The presence of distinctive fragmentary 'spicules', the absence of vaginal spermatozoa in many females showing vigorous mating behaviour, and significant differences between the sperm content at the time of mating (Day 0) and the following morning (Day 1), were associated with the presence of a concealed vaginal plug. The plug, which is quickly formed at the onset of mating, had usually disappeared by the following morning.
Procedures and equipment for the production and rearing of gnotobiotic lambs
Authors: Cushnie G. H. , Richardson A. J. , Sharman G. A. M.
Published: June 2007

38 gnotobiotic lambs have been derived by hysterectomy and reared for up to 7 months as true ruminants. 10 cases of contamination have occurred, 4 of which were attributable to a breach in the protective barrier and 1 to a contaminated food pack.

The technique permits the use of liquid and solid foods and the regular taking of rumen and other samples, and also regular removal of all excreta and the cleaning of lambs and cages.