bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P.123 Is there an association between geographical location of patients in NS and management of unruptured, incidental intracranial aneurysm?
Authors: Alubankudi R , Jarrett J , Weeks A , Pickett G
Published: May 2024

Background: Managing unruptured cerebral aneurysms involves monitoring or repair, with complex factors influencing decision-making. Geographical distance from treatment centers is an understudied factor. This study explores a potential relationship in Nova Scotia between proximity to the sole neurosurgical center in Halifax and aneurysm management. Methods: A prospectively collected neurosurgery database was used to identify all adults seen for unruptured cerebral aneurysm between Jan 1, 2015 - Dec 31, 2020. Demographic data, aneurysm characteristics, follow-up and treatment information were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses assessed management differences based on geography, controlling for relevant factors including aneurysm size and location. Results: Among 390 patients, 40% were in Halifax, and 60% were outside. No significant difference existed in elective repair (34% vs. 26%, p=0.143) and imaging follow-up frequency (2.26 vs. 2.22, p=0.858). In-person follow-up was higher within Halifax (1.83 vs. 1.43, p=0.008), while virtual follow-up was significant outside Halifax (1.44 vs. 1.01, p=0.003). Overall, in-person and elective repair frequencies declined with the COVID-19 peak, whereas virtual follow-up increased. Conclusions: No significant association was found between patient location and repair decisions. Patients in closer proximity had more in-person follow-ups, while those farther away had more virtual follow-ups. The COVID-19 pandemic affected follow-up frequencies universally.
P.140 The clinical outcomes of patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus and fecal incontinence
Authors: Cheema HK , Torio E
Published: May 2024

Background: Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) is characterized by the clinical triad of dementia, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence. An initial case series by Hakim and Adams highlighted that all patients exhibited this triad, with only one presenting with fecal incontinence. This study aims to examine the outcomes of individuals experiencing fecal incontinence who have undergone ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS). Methods: A systematic review and surgical case series was conducted, involving consecutive adults diagnosed with NPH and treated with VPS between September 2016 and September 2022. Results: In the cohort of 85 patients, the median duration of NPH symptoms was 3.2 years. Gait and balance symptoms were prevalent in all patients, while cognitive, bladder, and bowel symptoms were observed in 85.9%, 91.8%, and 23.5% of cases. No significant differences were noted in age, sex, neurologic diseases presence, or lower gastrointestinal or pelvic pathology. The prevalence of fecal incontinence pre-surgery, within less than 3 months, and 3 months post-surgery were 23.5%, 32.9%, and 17.6%. The systematic review search yielded 515 articles, and 18 included patients with fecal incontinence. Conclusions: The insights gained from the systematic review and cohort offer a comprehensive understanding of the outcomes observed in patients with NPH and fecal incontinence following VPS.
P.151 A critical appraisal of the application of frailty and sarcopenia in the spinal oncology population
Authors: MacLean MA , Charles AJ , Georgiopoulos M , Phinney J , Charest-Morin R , Goodwin CR , Weber MH
Published: May 2024

Background: Frailty and sarcopenia predict worse surgical outcomes among spinal degenerative and deformity-related populations; this association is less clear in the context of spinal oncology. Here, we identified frailty and sarcopenia tools applied in spinal oncology and appraised their clinimetric properties. Methods: A systematic review was conducted from January 1st, 2000, until June 2022. Study characteristics, frailty tools, measures of sarcopenia, component domains, individual items, cut-off values, and measurement techniques were collected. Clinimetric assessment was performed according to Consensus-based Standards for Health Measurement Instruments. Results: Twenty-two studies were included (42,514 patients). The three most employed frailty tools were the Metastatic Spine tumor Frailty Index (MSTFI), Modified Frailty Index-11 (mFI-11), and the mFI-5. The three most common sarcopenia measures were the L3-Total Psoas Area (TPA)/Vertebral Body Area (VBA), L3-TPA/Height2, and L3-Spinal Muscle Index (L3-Cross-Sectional Muscle Area/Height2). Frailty and sarcopenia measures lacked content and construct validity. Positive predictive validity was observed in select studies employing the HFRS, mFI-5, MSTFI, and L3-TPA/VBA. All frailty tools had floor or ceiling effects. Conclusions: Existing tools for evaluating frailty and sarcopenia in surgical spine oncology have poor clinimetric properties. Here, we provide a pragmatic approach to utilizing existing frailty and sarcopenia tools, until more clinimetrically robust instruments are developed.
A.2 Understanding Grit in healthy older adults at-risk for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Dhir V , Walker CS , Spreng R ,   P Research Group, Geddes MR
Published: May 2024

Background: Adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviours or to prescribed medication requires perseverance with stamina, and this is captured by Grit, a non-cognitive trait defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Despite predicting cognitive decline and physical, emotional, and social functioning, Grit remains poorly understood and its neural substrates are unknown in cognitive aging. Methods: Ninety-five cognitively unimpaired older adults with a family history of Alzheimer’s disease were recruited through the PREVENT-AD longitudinal cohort. Participants completed tests that assess grit and conscientiousness and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Multivariate pattern analyses (MVPA), a rigorous data-driven whole-brain approach, were used to examine if resting-state functional connectivity of connectome-wide voxels were associated with grit scores, controlling for age, sex, APOE ε4 carriership, mean displacement, and conscientiousness. Results: Our analyses identified two large (≥54 voxels) and statistically significant (p<0.01 corrected for family-wise error) clusters in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the left orbitofrontal cortex underlying grit. Conclusions: Being the first to identify functional neural correlates supporting grit in the aging population while accounting for the variance of conscientiousness, our study provides unique insights into the construct which has important applications in adherence to clinical and empirical neurological interventions as well as in successful aging.
On the selection of Saffman–Taylor viscous fingers for divergent flow in a wedge
Authors: Andersen Cecilie , Lustri Christopher J. , McCue Scott W. , Trinh Philippe H.
Published: May 2024

We study self-similar viscous fingering for the case of divergent flow within a wedge-shaped Hele-Shaw cell. Previous authors have conjectured the existence of a countably infinite number of selected solutions, each distinguished by a different value of the relative finger angle. Interestingly, the associated solution branches have been posited to merge and disappear in pairs as the surface tension decreases. For the first time, we demonstrate how the selection mechanism can be derived based on exponential asymptotics. Asymptotic predictions of the finger-to-wedge angle are additionally given for different sized wedges and surface-tension values. The merging of solution branches is explained; this feature is qualitatively different to the case of classic Saffman–Taylor viscous fingering in a parallel channel configuration. Moreover, because the asymptotic framework does not highly depend on specifics of the wedge geometry, the proposed theory for branch merging in our self-similar problem likely relates much more widely to tip-splitting instabilities in time-dependent flows in circular and other geometries, where the viscous fingers destabilise and divide in two.
La consolidación discursiva de la cisheteronormatividad a través de la marginalización del metrosexual, y las mujeres trans: El caso de la revista SoHo (1999–2014), Colombia
Authors: García León David L.
Published: May 2024

En este artículo se estudia la representación discursiva de las identidades no normativas en un producto paradigmático de la industria mediática colombiana, la revista SoHo. Las preguntas que guiaron esta investigación fueron: ¿Cómo la revista SoHo (1999–2014) representa a las mujeres trans y a las masculinidades no normativas, en particular al metrosexual?; ¿qué estrategias discursivas son usadas para construir dicha representación?; y, ¿cómo la revista SoHo contribuye a cuestionar o fortalecer la cisheteronormatividad? Se sostiene que en SoHo se construye discursivamente a dichos individuos desde una mirada espectacularizante, reivindicando la cisheterosexualidad como natural y normal, y la masculinidad como propia del cuerpo del hombre cisgénero. Para demostrar lo anterior, se examinaron las estrategias discursivas utilizadas para construir dichas identidades a través de un enfoque interdisciplinar que combina los estudios culturales (latinoamericanos) y de género/queer con la lingüística queer. Este trabajo es un aporte para nuevas investigaciones en torno a la representación de las identidades sexo-genéricamente marginalizadas en la industria mediática colombiana.
Effects of breed and genomic inbreeding on milk, fat and protein lactation yields and fertility traits in pasture-based dairy cows in Argentina
Authors: Beribe María José , Carignano Hugo Adrián , Poli Mario Andrés , Lopez-Villalobos Nicolás
Published: May 2024

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of breed and genomic inbreeding on 305-day lactation yields of milk, fat and protein; and fertility traits of pasture-based dairy cows in Argentina. The genomic inbreeding and heterozygosity of 890 first-lactation cows and 27 bulls were calculated through methods based on the genomic relationship matrix and run of homozygosity using 44 174 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Cows were classified into four breed groups: Holstein, Holstein crossbred, Holstein–Jersey crossbred and Jersey crossbred. The effect of genomic inbreeding was not significant on production traits, but inbred cows increased 3.0 days calving to conception interval (CCI) per 1% genomic inbreeding. On average, purebred Holstein cows produced 1119 kg milk, 22 kg fat and 30 kg protein more than Jersey crossbred cows. In the case of the fertility traits, Jersey crossbred cows had 45 days shorter CCI than purebred Holstein cows. A possible reason for the non-significant effects of genomic inbreeding of production and fertility traits is that these effects were evaluated in a crossbred population in which rates of heterozygosity would operate to some extent in the opposite direction to rates of genomic inbreeding.
Characteristics of and changes in the cardiometabolic measures of Japanese workers grouped according to their vegetables and salt intake through workplace cafeteria meals
Authors: Shirai Yoshiro , Sakuma Masae , Ushida Yusuke , Imoto Takayuki , Suga Keisuke , Matsui Kunio , Nakamura Mieko
Published: May 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to objectively evaluate the diet consumed in a workplace cafeteria to group Japanese workers according to vegetables and salt intake and estimate the association of these groups with changes in cardiometabolic measurements.

Design:

This longitudinal observational study estimated the food and nutrient intake of Japanese workers from data recorded in the cafeteria system of their workplace. The primary outcomes included cardiometabolic measures obtained via regular health check-ups conducted at the workplace. The participants were divided into four groups according to high or low vegetables and salt intake based on their respective medians, and the association of each group with cardiometabolic measurement changes was estimated using robust regression with MM-estimation.

Setting:

A Japanese automobile manufacturing factory.

Subjects:

The study included 1140 men and women workers with available cafeteria and health check-up data.

Results:

An inverse marginal association was observed between changes in TAG levels (mmol/L) and high vegetables and low salt intake (β: –0·11, 95 % CI: –0·23, 0·01, P: 0·065) with reference to low vegetables and high salt intake. This association was stronger in participants who used the cafeteria more frequently (>=71 d; β: –0·15, 95 % CI: –0·29, –0·02, P: 0·027).

Conclusions:

The participants in the higher vegetables and lower salt intake group were more likely to exhibit decreased TAG levels. These findings encourage using workplace cafeteria meals to promote the health of workers.
Underestimated Land Heat Uptake Alters the Global Energy Distribution in CMIP6 Climate Models
Authors: Steinert Norman Julius , Cuesta‐Valero Francisco José , García‐Pereira Félix , de Vrese Philipp , Melo Aguilar Camilo Andrés , García‐Bustamante Elena , Jungclaus Johann , González‐Rouco Jesús Fidel
Published: May 2024

Current global warming results in an uptake of heat by the Earth system, which is distributed among the different components of the climate system. However, current‐generation climate models deliver heat inventory and partitioning estimates of Earth system components that differ from recent observations. Here we investigate the global heat distribution under warming by using fully‐coupled CMIP6 Earth system model experiments, including a version of the MPI‐ESM with a deep land model component, accommodating the required space for more realistic terrestrial heat storage. The results show that sufficiently deep land models exert increased subsurface land heat uptake, leading to a heat uptake partitioning among the Earth system components that is closer to observational estimates. The results are relevant for the understanding of Earth's heat partitioning and highlight the importance of the land heat sink in the Earth heat inventory.
Testing Megathrust Rupture Models Using Tsunami Deposits
Authors: La Selle SeanPaul M. , Nelson Alan R. , Witter Robert C. , Jaffe Bruce E. , Gelfenbaum Guy , Padgett Jason S.
Published: May 2024

The 26 January 1700 CE Cascadia subduction zone earthquake ruptured much of the plate boundary and generated a tsunami that deposited sand in coastal marshes from northern California to Vancouver Island. Although the depositional record of tsunami inundation is extensive in some of these marshes, few sites have been investigated in enough detail to map the inland extent of sand deposition and depict variability in tsunami deposit thickness and grain size. We collected 129 cores in marshes of the Salmon River estuary in Oregon and reanalyzed 114 core logs from a 1987–88 study that mapped the inland extent of circa 1700 CE sandy tsunami deposits. The ca. 1700 CE tsunami deposit in the Salmon River estuary is easily recognized in cores ≤1 m deep in which a buried marsh peat is overlain by a well sorted sand bed with a sharp lower contact that thins and fines inland. We use tsunami deposit data and models of sandy tsunami sediment transport (using Delft3D‐FLOW) to test 15 rupture models that could represent a ca. 1700 CE earthquake. At least 12–16 m of slip offshore of the Salmon River, which results in 0.8–1.0 m of coastal coseismic subsidence, is required to match the ca. 1700 CE sand deposit's inland extent, which is consistent with models of heterogeneous megathrust slip in ca. 1700 CE. Our methods of detailed tsunami deposit mapping, combined with sediment transport modeling, can be used to test models of megathrust ruptures and their tsunamis to potentially improve earthquake and tsunami hazard assessments.
A comparison of the effect of procedural pain on cerebral oxygen saturation between late preterm and term infants
Authors: Amornjiraporn Ittichote , Rugsapol Supranee , Thanasarnpaiboon Peerawit , Paes Bosco , Kitsommart Ratchada
Published: May 2024

Objectives

We prospectively compared cerebral oxygen saturation (CrSO2) and pain score changes during procedures in late preterm (LPT) versus term infants.

Methods

Near-infrared spectroscopy, pulse oximetry, Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) and Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised (PIPP-R) scores were assessed and CrSO2 data analyzed.

Results

Thirty infants in each group were evaluated. LPT infants displayed a milder significant drop in Minimum post-procedural CrSO2 and smaller Maximum-Minimum post-procedural CrSO2 disparity. CrSO2 minute changes between the groups were non-significant. Moderate correlations were observed in both groups between NIPS and Minimum post-procedural CrSO2, and a moderate correlation was found in the Maximum-Minimum post-procedural CrSO2 difference in LPT infants. No correlation between PIPP-R and CrSO2 values was noted.

Conclusion

LPT and term infants demonstrated decreased CrSO2 in response to painful procedures. Correlations between CrSO2 and PIPP-R or NIPS scores were poor to moderate, reflecting the complex nature of these associations relative to gestational age.
Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis: key features and differences
Authors: Heitz-Mayfield Lisa J. A.
Published: May 2024

Peri-implant diseases are frequent complications that occur around osseointegrated endosseous implants and are the result of an imbalance between the bacterial challenge and host response. Peri-implant diseases may affect the peri-implant mucosa only (peri-implant mucositis) or also involve the supporting bone (peri-implantitis). Early detection of peri-implant diseases and timely treatment is important for the success of dental implant treatment. Peri-implant probing is essential to assess the peri-implant health status and should be done at each recall visit. Dental practitioners should be familiar with the clinical and radiological features of both conditions in order to make an accurate diagnosis and determine the appropriate treatment required. This article aims to provide clinicians with an understanding of the key differences between peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis.
Managing idiopathic intracranial hypertension in the eye clinic
Authors: Bonelli Laura , Menon Vaishnavi , Arnold Anthony C. , Mollan Susan P.
Published: May 2024

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neuro-ophthalmological condition characterised by a raised intracranial pressure and papilloedema that causes disabling headaches. The main risk factors of female sex and living with obesity have been known for some time, however the knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology is evolving. Papilloedema can impact the visual function, and the majority of people are offered acetazolamide. Those with sight threatening disease need urgent management, though there is little high quality evidence to recommend any particular surgical intervention. Headache treatment is an unmet clinical need and simple medication overuse advice has the potential to reduce the chronification of migraine-like headaches. IIH is emerging as a systemic metabolic disease distinct from people living with obesity alone. While weight loss is the main stay of disease modifying therapy this is challenging to access and many healthcare professionals that manage the condition have no formal training or accessible pathways for weight management. The aim of this “how to do it” article is to present the latest advances in knowledge of IIH that we pragmatically included in routine clinical care for people living with the condition.
Tead4 and Tfap2c generate bipotency and a bistable switch in totipotent embryos to promote robust lineage diversification
Authors: Zhu Meng , Meglicki Maciej , Lamba Adiyant , Wang Peizhe , Royer Christophe , Turner Karen , Jauhar Muhammad Abdullah , Jones Celine , Child Tim , Coward Kevin , Na Jie , Zernicka-Goetz Magdalena
Published: May 2024

The mouse and human embryo gradually loses totipotency before diversifying into the inner cell mass (ICM, future organism) and trophectoderm (TE, future placenta). The transcription factors TFAP2C and TEAD4 with activated RHOA accelerate embryo polarization. Here we show that these factors also accelerate the loss of totipotency. TFAP2C and TEAD4 paradoxically promote and inhibit Hippo signaling before lineage diversification: they drive expression of multiple Hippo regulators while also promoting apical domain formation, which inactivates Hippo. Each factor activates TE specifiers in bipotent cells, while TFAP2C also activates specifiers of the ICM fate. Asymmetric segregation of the apical domain reconciles the opposing regulation of Hippo signaling into Hippo OFF and the TE fate, or Hippo ON and the ICM fate. We propose that the bistable switch established by TFAP2C and TEAD4 is exploited to trigger robust lineage diversification in the developing embryo.
The clinical and economic costs associated with regional disparities in varicella vaccine coverage in Italy over 50 years (2020–2070)
Authors: Lang J. C. , Samant S. , Cook J. R. , Ranjan S. , Senese F. , Starnino S. , Giuffrida S. , Azzari C. , Baldo V. , Pawaskar M.
Published: May 2024

Italy implemented two-dose universal varicella vaccination (UVV) regionally from 2003 to 2013 and nationally from 2017 onwards. Our objective was to analyze regional disparities in varicella outcomes resulting from disparities in vaccine coverage rates (VCRs) projected over a 50-year time-horizon (2020–2070). A previously published dynamic transmission model was updated to quantify the potential public health impact of the UVV program in Italy at the national and regional levels. Four 2-dose vaccine strategies utilizing monovalent (V) and quadrivalent (MMRV) vaccines were evaluated for each region: (A) MMRV-MSD/MMRV-MSD, (B) MMRV-GSK/MMRV-GSK, (C) V-MSD/MMRV-MSD, and (D) V-GSK/MMRV-GSK. Costs were reported in 2022 Euros. Costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were discounted 3% annually. Under strategy A, the three regions with the lowest first-dose VCR reported increased varicella cases (+ 34.3%), hospitalizations (+ 20.0%), QALYs lost (+ 5.9%), payer costs (+ 22.2%), and societal costs (+ 14.6%) over the 50-year time-horizon compared to the three regions with highest first-dose VCR. Regions with low first-dose VCR were more sensitive to changes in VCR than high first-dose VCR regions. Results with respect to second-dose VCR were qualitatively similar, although smaller in magnitude. Results were similar across all vaccine strategies.
Segmentation of void defects in X-ray images of chip solder joints based on PCB-DeepLabV3 algorithm
Authors: Kong Defeng , Hu Xinyu , Gong Ziang , Zhang Daode
Published: May 2024

Defects within chip solder joints are usually inspected visually for defects using X-ray imaging to obtain images. The phenomenon of voids inside solder joints is one of the most likely types of defects in the soldering process, and accurate detection of voids becomes difficult due to their irregular shapes, varying sizes, and defocused edges. To address this problem, an X-ray void image segmentation algorithm based on improved PCB-DeepLabV3 is proposed. Firstly, to meet the demand for lightweight and easy deployment in industrial scenarios, mobilenetv2 is used as the feature extraction backbone network of the PCB-DeepLabV3 model; then, Attentional multi-scale two-space pyramid pooling network (AMTPNet) is designed to optimize the shallow feature edges and to improve the ability to capture detailed information; finally, image cropping and cleaning methods are designed to enhance the training dataset, and the improved PCB-DeepLabV3 is applied to the training dataset. The improved PCB-DeepLabV3 model is used to segment the void regions within the solder joints and compared with the classical semantic segmentation models such as Unet, SegNet, PSPNet, and DeeplabV3. The proposed new method enables the solder joint void inspection to get rid of the traditional way of visual inspection, realize intelligent upgrading, and effectively improve the problem of difficult segmentation of the target virtual edges, to obtain the inspection results with higher accuracy.
Choosing a camera and optimizing system parameters for speckle contrast optical spectroscopy
Authors: Cheng Tom Y. , Kim Byungchan , Zimmermann Bernhard B. , Robinson Mitchell B. , Renna Marco , Carp Stefan A. , Franceschini Maria Angela , Boas David A. , Cheng Xiaojun
Published: May 2024

Speckle contrast optical spectroscopy (SCOS) is an emerging camera-based technique that can measure human cerebral blood flow (CBF) with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). At low photon flux levels typically encountered in human CBF measurements, camera noise and nonidealities could significantly impact SCOS measurement SNR and accuracy. Thus, a guide for characterizing, selecting, and optimizing a camera for SCOS measurements is crucial for the development of next-generation optical devices for monitoring human CBF and brain function. Here, we provide such a guide and illustrate it by evaluating three commercially available complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor cameras, considering a variety of factors including linearity, read noise, and quantization distortion. We show that some cameras that are well-suited for general intensity imaging could be challenged in accurately quantifying spatial contrast for SCOS. We then determine the optimal operating parameters for the preferred camera among the three and demonstrate measurement of human CBF with this selected low-cost camera. This work establishes a guideline for characterizing and selecting cameras as well as for determining optimal parameters for SCOS systems.
Gut microbiota promoting propionic acid production accompanies caloric restriction-induced intentional weight loss in cats
Authors: Rowe J. C. , Winston J. A. , Parker V. J. , McCool K. E. , Suchodolski J. S. , Lopes R. , Steiner J. M. , Gilor C. , Rudinsky A. J.
Published: May 2024

Rodent models and human clinical studies have shown gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play roles in obesity and insulin resistance. These roles have been minimally explored in cats, where in the USA an estimated 60% of cats are overweight or obese. Overweight/obese research cats (n = 7) were transitioned from a maintenance diet to a reduced calorie diet fed ad libitum for 7 days, then calories were restricted to achieve 1–2% weight loss per week for an additional 77 days. Cats then received their original maintenance diet again for 14 days. Significant intentional weight loss was noted after calorie restriction (adjusted p < 0.0001). 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and targeted SCFA metabolomics were performed on fecal samples. Fecal microbial community structure significantly differed between the four study phases (PERMANOVA p = 0.011). Fecal propionic acid was significantly higher during caloric restriction-induced weight loss (adjusted p < 0.05). Repeated measures correlation revealed the relative abundances of Prevotella 9 copri (correlation coefficient = 0.532, 95% CI (0.275, 0.717), p = 0.0002) significantly correlated with propionic acid composition. Like humans, obese cats experienced an altered microbial community structure and function, favoring propionic acid production, during caloric restriction-induced weight loss.
Precise dating of large flank collapses by single-grain 40Ar/39Ar on pyroclastic deposits from the example of Flores Island (Azores)
Authors: Hildenbrand A. , Marques F. O. , Pereira A. , Nomade S. , Hevia-Cruz F.
Published: May 2024

Large-scale flank collapses are one of the main hazards associated with the evolution of volcanic islands. Precisely dating such events is critical to evaluate the frequency of destabilization episodes and further assess the triggering mechanism(s) associated with internal and/or external factors, such as volcano dynamics, regional tectonics, and global paleoclimatic changes. Here, we constrain the age of a pumice-rich pyroclastic deposit exposed on the eastern flank of Flores Island (Azores), which we interpret as a co-blast deposit generated by a major flank collapse that destroyed the whole western flank of the former volcanic edifice. Twelve single-grain 40Ar/39Ar analyses, performed on 250–500 µm anorthoclase feldspars (mean K/Ca close to 5) with our high-sensitivity multi-collector NGX mass spectrometer, provide a robust weighted mean age of 1.32 ± 0.01 Ma for this eruption. This new age is consistent with previous K/Ar data bracketing the flank collapse between 1.30 ± 0.04 and 1.18 ± 0.09 Ma, and indicates that this event occurred at the end of the main construction phase of the volcano. The explosion produced pumice-rich layers preceded by a lahar as attested by a polygenetic mudflow deposit underlying the dated deposit. From the geochemistry of lavas erupted just before and after the collapse, we speculate upon the possible role of magmatic processes on flank destabilization. We propose a first hypothesis where differentiation in a shallow magma reservoir could have favored edifice inflation, ground shaking, and flank failure, triggering a decompression-induced violent eruption. Overall, our study shows that high-sensitivity mass spectrometers have now reached analytical performances allowing to measure precisely and accurately ages on relatively small and moderately K-rich single feldspars, which is of the utmost importance for dating heterogeneous blasts and tephra deposits that may have been induced by large-scale flank collapses during the late Quaternary.
Axial compression performance of partially encased concrete columns with web opening
Authors: Liang Jiongfeng , Wang Yunchen , Zou Wanjie , Wang Caisen , Li Wei
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study is to comprehensively assess the behavior of partially encased concrete (PEC) columns with web openings under axial compression. The primary objectives of this study are to analyze damage patterns and investigate the influence of key parameters, such as concrete strength, opening rate, and opening shape, on the ductility index and ultimate load-carrying capacity. The study employs experimental testing to examine the response of the PEC columns, with a particular focus on the mechanisms of concrete fracture and flange flexing. Notably, the study reveals a significant impact of the opening rate on the bearing capacity, while the effect of opening shape is comparatively minor. Furthermore, computational analyses are conducted to deepen the understanding of structural behavior. The study builds upon existing research to propose a novel method for calculating the bearing capacity of PEC columns with web openings. This method introduces two discount factors to enhance predictive accuracy.
Long-term exposure to PM2.5 leads to mitochondrial damage and differential expression of associated circRNA in rat hepatocytes
Authors: Liu Ying , Li Jing , Xiong Yican , Tan Chaochao , Li Cunyan , Cao Youde , Xie Wanying , Deng Zhonghua
Published: May 2024

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is one of the four major causes of mortality globally. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying liver injury following exposure to PM2.5and the involvement of circRNA in its regulation. A PM2.5respiratory tract exposure model was established in SPF SD male rats with a dose of 20 mg/kg, and liver tissue of rats in control group and PM2.5-exposed groups rats were detected. The results of ICP-MS showed that Mn, Cu and Ni were enriched in the liver. HE staining showed significant pathological changes in liver tissues of PM2.5-exposed group, transmission electron microscopy showed significant changes in mitochondrial structure of liver cells, and further mitochondrial function detection showed that the PM2.5exposure resulted in an increase in cell reactive oxygen species content and a decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential, while the expression of SOD1 and HO-1 antioxidant oxidase genes was upregulated. Through high-throughput sequencing of circRNAs, we observed a significant down-regulation of 10 and an up-regulation of 17 circRNAs in the PM2.5-exposed groups. The functional enrichment and pathway analyses indicated that the differentially expressed circRNAs by PM2.5exposure were primarily associated with processes related to protein ubiquitination, zinc ion binding, peroxisome function, and mitochondrial regulation. These findings suggest that the mechanism underlying liver injury induced by PM2.5-exposure may be associated with mitochondrial impairment resulting from the presence of heavy metal constituents. Therefore, this study provides a novel theoretical foundation for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying liver injury induced by PM2.5exposure.
Bifurcation analysis and new waveforms to the first fractional WBBM equation
Authors: Ullah Mohammad Safi , Ali M. Zulfikar , Roshid Harun-Or
Published: May 2024

This research focuses on bifurcation analysis and new waveforms for the first fractional 3D Wazwaz–Benjamin–Bona–Mahony (WBBM) structure, which arises in shallow water waves. The linear stability technique is also employed to assess the stability of the mentioned model. The suggested equation’s dynamical system is obtained by applying the Galilean transformation to achieve our goal. Subsequently, bifurcation, chaos, and sensitivity analysis of the mentioned model are conducted by applying the principles of the planar dynamical system. We obtain periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic behaviors of the mentioned model. Furthermore, we introduce and delve into diverse solitary wave solutions, encompassing bright soliton, dark soliton, kink wave, periodic waves, and anti-kink waves. These solutions are visually presented through simulations, highlighting their distinct characteristics and existence. The results highlight the effectiveness, brevity, and efficiency of the employed integration methods. They also suggest their applicability to delving into more intricate nonlinear models emerging in modern science and engineering scenarios. The novelty of this research lies in its detailed analysis of the governing model, which provides insights into its complex dynamics and varied wave structures. This study also advances the understanding of nonlinear wave properties in shallow water by combining bifurcation analysis, chaotic behavior, waveform characteristics, and stability assessments.
Preferences for and intention to use an app for premenstrual mental health symptoms using the Health Behaviour Model (HBM)
Authors: Funnell Erin L. , Martin-Key Nayra A. , Benacek Jiri , Spadaro Benedetta , Bahn Sabine
Published: May 2024

Premenstrual symptoms are common, with premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder associated with decreased wellbeing and increased suicidality. Apps can offer convenient support for premenstrual mental health symptoms. We aimed to understand app preferences and Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs driving app use intention. An online survey was delivered. Structural equation modelling (SEM) explored HBM constructs. Data from 530 United Kingdom based participants who reported their mental health was impacted by their menstrual cycle (mean age = 35.85, SD = 7.28) were analysed. In terms of preferred app features, results indicated that symptom monitoring (74.72%, n = 396) and psychoeducation (57.92%, n = 307) were sought after, with 52.64% (n = 279) indicating unwillingness to pay for an app for mental health symptoms related to the menstrual cycle. Regarding HBM results, Satorra–Bentler-scaled fit statistics indicated a good model fit (χ2(254) = 565.91, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.939, RMSEA = 0.048, SRMR = 0.058). HBM constructs explained 58.22% of intention to use, driven by cues to action (β = 0.49, p < 0.001), perceived barriers (β = −0.22, p < 0.001), perceived severity (β = 0.16, P = 0.012), and perceived benefits (β = 0.10, p = 0.035). Results indicate that app developers should undertake co-design, secure healthcare professional endorsement, highlight therapeutic benefits, and address barriers like digital discomfort, privacy concerns, and quality.
8-Pmmn borophene: edge states in competition with Landau levels and local vacancy states
Authors: Deily Nazar N. , Peeters F. M. , Filho R. N. Costa , Vazifehshenas T.
Published: May 2024

We investigated the influence of edge state on the formation of the single vacancy states and Landau levels in 8-Pmmn borophene nanoribbons using tight binding method.
A comparison of the determination of multiple pesticide residues in fruits, vegetables, and edible fungi using gas chromatography combined with filtration purification and solid-phase extraction
Authors: Zeng Yan , Lan Tao , Li Xiaxue , Chen Ya , Yang Qiaohui , Qu Bin , Zhang Yu , Pan Canping
Published: May 2024

The multiplug filtration clean-up (m-PFC) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) pretreatment methods were employed to process 8 representative matrices in fruits, vegetables, and edible fungi, respectively.
Insights into the roles of the MgO additive in crystal structures, sintering behaviors, and optical properties of transparent In2O3 semiconductor ceramics
Authors: You Bo , Lu Bin , Wu Dazhen , Pei Ruijie
Published: May 2024

Transparent In2O3 semiconductor ceramics were successfully prepared using MgO as an additive. Our work expands the understanding of MgO effects on crystal structures, sintering behaviors, and optical properties of In2O3 ceramics.
A bimetallic sulfide FeCoS4@rGO hybrid as a high-performance anode for potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Erjin , Luo Yuanning , Fu Hongwei , Luo Zhentao , Wang Peng , Wang Xuejiao , Xu Li , Li Huaming
Published: May 2024

A low metal-to-sulfur atomic ratio (0.5) FeCoS4@rGO hybrid electrode exhibited superior performance in potassium-ion batteries.
Efficient electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO enhanced by the synergistic effect of N,P on carbon aerogel
Authors: Yan Yifan , Wang Hongzhi , Bi Xinze , Zhao Yuezhu , Wu Mingbo
Published: May 2024

The synergistic effect of N,P on carbon aerogel enhances efficient electroreduction of CO2 to CO.
Formation of iminium ions during the processing of metal halide perovskites
Authors: Möbs Jakob , Tomori Ajna , Heine Johanna
Published: May 2024

In acetone, powders of the hexagonal perovskite (Me2NH2)PbI3 are rapidly transformed to the iminium-based perovskite (Me2CNMe2)PbI3.
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction with iron porphyrin catalysts and anthraquinone dyes
Authors: Yuan Huiqing , Yu Yuanhai , Yang Shuang , Lei Qinqin , Yang Zhiwei , Lan Bang , Han Zhiji
Published: May 2024

Highly active photocatalytic systems for CO2 reduction using inexpensive anthraquinone dyes and iron porphyrin catalysts.
Ratiometric fluorescence imaging of lysosomal NO in living cells and mice brains with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Huang Rui , Zhang Ziwei , Shi Zhen , Yang Yumeng , Sun Junyong , Gao Feng
Published: May 2024

An integrated ratiometric lysosomal NO nanoprobe LyNO-Pdots was successfully applied to ratiometric imaging of lysosomal NO variations in brain-derived endothelial cells, brain tissues and the brains of AD mice.
Electrocatalytic OER behavior of the Bi–Fe–O system: an understanding from the perspective of the presence of oxygen vacancies
Authors: Jyoti Shaswati , Vijay Aditi , Terranova Umberto , Gupta Santosh K , Sudarshan Kathi , Vaidya Sonalika
Published: May 2024

The nature and relative concentration of oxygen vacancies influenced by the crystal structure.
Theoretical study of the spin–orbit coupled molecular states of the Mg–He dimer
Authors: Alioua K.
Published: May 2024

The spin orbit states Ω = 1,0− and Ω = 2,1,0+,0− arising from the b 3Σ+ and a 3³ states, respectively.
Pd(ii) complexes bearing NNS pincer ligands: unveiling potent cytotoxicity against breast and pancreatic cancer
Authors: Tanwar Deepika , Kaur Tashmeen , Sudheendranath Athul , Kumar Umesh , Sharma Deepika
Published: May 2024

The continuously increasing rate of breast cancer is one of the major threats to female health worldwide.
First-row transition metal carbonates catalyze the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction: iron is master of them all
Authors: Udachyan Iranna , Bhanushali Jayesh T. , Zidki Tomer , Mizrahi Amir , Meyerstein Dan
Published: May 2024

The electrochemically deposited metal carbonates were tested for their Oxygen evolution reaction activity
Tri-coordinated zinc alkyl complexes with N^S/Se coordination of imino-phosphanamidinate chalcogenide ligands as precursors for efficient hydroboration of nitriles and esters
Authors: Karmakar Himadri , Kumar Gobbilla Sai , Pal Kuntal , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli , Panda Tarun K.
Published: May 2024

A series of tri-coordinated zinc alkyl complexes with imino-phosphanamidinate chalcogenide ligands were prepared and utilized as catalysts in the hydroboration reaction of nitriles and esters to obtain N,N-diborylamines and boronate esters.
Unveiling the luminescence property of Li2MgGeO4:Mn4+ featuring the tetrahedral crystallographic-site occupancy of Mn4+
Authors: Zhang Mingshun , Sun Anqi , Li Xiaoniu , Sun Shijie , Ding Wei , Fang Dong , Mi Baoxiu , Gao Zhiqiang
Published: May 2024

When excessive MgO is added, phosphors with Mn4+ activators under the [GeO4] tetrahedron of Li2MgGeO4 achieve enhanced red emissions and better thermal stability. The luminescence mechanism is studied using the Tanabe–Sugano energy diagram.
Halide mediated modulation of magnetic interaction and anisotropy in dimeric Co(ii) complexes
Authors: Manu Manohar Ezhava , Roy Soumalya , Li Xiao-Lei , Tothadi Srinu , Mok Jun-Gwi , Tang Jinkui , Herchel Radovan , Lee Junseong , Dey Atanu , Das Sourav
Published: May 2024

Three dimeric Co(ii) complexes with two different coordination geometries (PBP and Td) are reported. Magnetic measurements and theoretical calculations are carried out to corroborate the detailed magnetic properties in these complexes.
Early-stage impact assessment tool (ESTIMATe) for the life cycle assessment of CO2-based chemicals
Authors: Minten Hannah , Vandegehuchte Bart D. , Jaumard Benjamin , Meys Raoul , Reinert Christiane , Bardow André
Published: May 2024

The open-source Excel LCA tool ESTIMATe allows non-LCA experts to assess the environmental impact of CCU chemicals.
Hydrophilic and nanocrystalline carbon quantum dots enable highly reversible zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Yang Shuhua , Xu Zenglong , Wang Song , Sun Jinfeng , Zhao Degang , Cao Bingqiang , Wang Xiutong
Published: May 2024

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with rich functional groups and good nanocrystalline features are developed as an electrolyte additive for zinc-ion batteries, endowing the zinc anode with both high reversibility and fast kinetics.
Electrosynthesis of N/S-heterocycles
Authors: Wen Jiangwei , Yin Yonghong , Yan Kelu , Li Bingwen , Zhang Ming-Zhong , Yang Jianjing
Published: May 2024

In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of our recent advancements in the methodology of electrochemically assisted radical generation and its subsequent application in the synthesis and functionalization of diverse N/S-heterocyclic compounds.
Trigger-free LIBS using kHz and a few mJ laser in combination with random forest regression for the quantitative analysis of steel elements
Authors: Ahlawat S. , Singh A. , Sahu S. , Mukhopadhyay P. K. , Arya R. , Dixit S. K.
Published: May 2024

Trigger-free LIBS using low energy high repetition rate lasers and narrow range spectra with machine learning for quantitative analysis of steel.
A novel approach to construct a calix[4]arene-appended rhodamine B-based supramolecular system for nematic mesophase and nematode cell imaging
Authors: Sharma Vinay S. , Mali Hitendra , Sharma Anuj S. , Patel Unnati , Thakar Sweta , Shrivastav Pranav S.
Published: May 2024

A new class of calix[4]arene functionalized rhodamine B-based emissive AIE active supramolecular compounds with nematic-type liquid crystalline properties for bio-imaging applications.
Engineering surfaces to improve xylene gas sensing performance in ZnCo2O4 porous architectures
Authors: Hu Chenlu , Feng Yanxu , Du Mengying , Zhang Lifang , Jiang Rui , Wang Shuangming , Cao Jing
Published: May 2024

ZnCo2O4 architecture with oxygen vacancies and high surface area shows superior xylene gas sensing performance.
Correction: Phosphorylation of collagen fibrils enhances intrafibrillar mineralization and dentin remineralization
Authors: Zheng Bo , Zhao Luyi , Chen Lelu , Lai Haiyan , Wang Chengze , Chen Yi , Shao Changyu , Tang Ruikang , Gu Xinhua
Published: May 2024

Correction for ‘Phosphorylation of collagen fibrils enhances intrafibrillar mineralization and dentin remineralization’ by Bo Zheng et al., Nanoscale, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr00652f.
Trivalent dialkylaminopyridine-catalyzed site-selective mono-O-acylation of partially-protected pyranosides
Authors: Dey Kalyan , Jayaraman Narayanaswamy
Published: May 2024

This work demonstrates trivalent tris-(3-N-methyl-N-pyridyl propyl)amine catalyzing the site-selective mono-O-acylation of glycopyranosides.
Chromic properties of dibenzo[j,l]fluoranthenes exhibiting different resonance contributions
Authors: Kurokawa Kazuma , Ogawa Naoki , Kuroda Yusuke , Yamaoka Yousuke , Takikawa Hiroshi , Tsubaki Kazunori , Takasu Kiyosei
Published: May 2024

Chromic molecules change colour in response to external stimuli and are utilized in applications such as food additive detection, light dimmers, and biological probes.
Biomimetic synthesis of RPL14B-based CdSe quantum dots for the detection of heavy metal copper ions
Authors: Zhong Lipeng , Liu Wenyue , Xie Zhixiong , Liu Jiye
Published: May 2024

In the present study, an Escherichia coli-expressed yeast ribosomal protein was used as a template for synthesizing RPL14B-based CdSe quantum dots in vitro via the quasi-biosynthesis strategy at low temperature.
Effective isolation of succinic acid from aqueous media with the use of anion exchange resins
Authors: Asim Hamayoun , Zeidan Hani , Marti Mustafa Esen
Published: May 2024

Succinic acid recovery using weak basic anion (WBA) and strong basic anion (SBA) exchange resins.
Metal free synthesis of thermally stable blue fluorescent m-terphenyls by ring transformation of 2H-pyran-2-ones: chemical synthesis, spectroscopy and computational studies
Authors: Kole Priyanka B. , Sakthivel Kokila , Armaković Sanja J. , Armaković Stevan , Iqbal Muzaffar , Singh Fateh V. , Kollur Shiva Prasad
Published: May 2024

A simple yet convenient nucleophile-induced synthetic route for the construction of thermally stable fluorescent active functionalized stilbenes has been delineated.
RNA processing by the CRISPR-associated NYN ribonuclease
Authors: Chi Haotian , White Malcolm F.
Published: May 2024

CRISPR-Cas systems confer adaptive immunity in prokaryotes, facilitating the recognition and destruction of invasive nucleic acids. Type III CRISPR systems comprise large, multisubunit ribonucleoprotein complexes with a catalytic Cas10 subunit. When activated by the detection of foreign RNA, Cas10 generates nucleotide signalling molecules that elicit an immune response by activating ancillary effector proteins. Among these systems, the Bacteroides fragilis type III CRISPR system was recently shown to produce a novel signal molecule, SAM-AMP, by conjugating ATP and SAM. SAM-AMP regulates a membrane effector of the CorA family to provide immunity. Here, we focus on NYN, a ribonuclease encoded within this system, probing its potential involvement in crRNA maturation. Structural modelling and in vitro ribonuclease assays reveal that NYN displays robust sequence-nonspecific, Mn2+-dependent ssRNA-cleavage activity. Our findings suggest a role for NYN in trimming crRNA intermediates into mature crRNAs, which is necessary for type III CRISPR antiviral defence. This study sheds light on the functional relevance of CRISPR-associated NYN proteins and highlights the complexity of CRISPR-mediated defence strategies in bacteria.