bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
System vulnerability and risk assessment of railway systems to flooding
Authors: Zhu Weihua , Liu Kai , Wang Ming , Ward Philip J. , Koks Elco E.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Floods have negative effects on the reliable operation of transportation systems. In China alone, floods cause an average of ~1125 hours of railway service disruptions per year. In this study, we present a simulation framework to analyse the system vulnerability and risk of the Chinese railway system to floods. To do so, we have developed a novel methodology for generating flood events at both the national and river basin scale. The resulting event set provides the basis for national- and provincial-level railway risk assessments, focusing in particular on affected trains, affected passengers and increased time for detoured trains. The results show that due to spatial variations in the railway topology and traffic flows, the system vulnerability of the Chinese railway system to floods in different basins is highly heterogeneous. Flood events in the Yangtze River Basin show the largest impact on the national railway system, with approximately 40 % of the national daily trains being affected by a 100-year flood event in that basin. At the national level, the average number of daily affected trains and passengers for the national system are approximately 200 trips and 165,000 people (2.7 % and 2.8 % of the total daily numbers of trips and passengers), respectively. In addition, the mean average increased time for detoured trains reaches approximately five hours. The event-based approach presented in this study shows how we can identify critical hotspots within a complex network, taking the first steps in developing climate-resilient infrastructure.
Dynamics of fortnightly water level variations along a tide-dominated estuary with negligible river discharge
Authors: Garel Erwan , Zhang Ping , Cai Huayang
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Observations indicate that the fortnightly fluctuations in mean water level increase in amplitude along the lower half of a tide-dominated estuary (The Guadiana estuary) with negligible river discharge but remain constant upstream. Analytical solutions reproducing the semi-diurnal wave propagation shows that this pattern results from reflection effects at the estuary head. The phase difference between velocity and elevation increases from the mouth to the head (where the wave has a standing nature) as the high and low water levels get progressively closer to slack water. Thus, the tidal (flood-ebb) asymmetry in discharge is reduced in the upstream direction. It becomes negligible along the upper estuary half, as the mean sea level remains constant despite increased friction due to wave shoaling. Observations of a flat mean water level along a significant portion of an upper estuary, easier to obtain than the phase difference, can therefore indicate significant reflection of the propagating semi-diurnal wave at the head. Details of the analytical model shows that changes in the mean depth or length of semi-arid estuaries, in particular for macrotidal locations, affect the fortnightly tide amplitude, and thus the upstream mass transport and inundation regime. This has significant potential impacts on the estuarine environment.
Assimilating realistically simulated wide-swath altimeter observations in a high-resolution shelf-seas forecasting system
Authors: King Robert R. , Martin Matthew J.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The impact of assimilating simulated wide-swath altimetry observations from the upcoming SWOT mission is assessed using Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs). These experiments use the Met Office 1.5 km resolution North-West European Shelf analysis and forecasting system. In an effort to understand the importance of future work to account for correlated errors in the data assimilation scheme, we simulate SWOT observations with and without realistic correlated errors. These are assimilated in OSSEs along with simulated observations of the standard observing network, also with realistic errors added. It was found that while the assimilation of SWOT observations without correlated errors reduced the RMSE in sea surface height (SSH) and surface current speeds by up to 20 %, the inclusion of correlated errors in the observations degraded both the SSH and surface currents, introduced an erroneous increase in the mean surface currents, and degraded the sub-surface temperature and salinity. While restricting the SWOT data to the inner half of the swath and applying observation averaging with a 5 km radius negated most of the negative impacts, it also severely limited the positive impacts. To realise the full benefits in the prediction of the ocean mesoscale offered by wide-swath altimetry missions it is crucial that methods to ameliorate the effects of correlated errors in the processing of the SWOT observations and to account for the correlated errors in the assimilation are implemented.
Lagrangian formation pathways of moist anomalies in the trade-wind region during the dry season: two case studies from EUREC4A
Authors: Villiger Leonie , Wernli Heini , Boettcher Maxi , Hagen Martin , Aemisegger Franziska
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Shallow clouds in the trade-wind region over the North Atlantic contribute substantially to the global radiative budget. In the vicinity of the Caribbean island Barbados, they appear in different mesoscale organisation patterns with distinct net cloud radiative effects (CRE). Cloud formation processes in this region are typically controlled by the prevailing large-scale subsidence. However, occasionally weather systems from remote origin cause significant disturbances. This study investigates the complex cloud-circulation interactions during the field campaign EUREC4A (Elucidate the Couplings Between Clouds, Convection and Circulation) from 16 January to 20 February 2020, using a combination of Eulerian and Lagrangian diagnostics. Based on observations and ERA5 reanalyses, we identify the relevant processes and characterise the formation pathways of two moist anomalies above the Barbados Cloud Observatory (BCO), one in the lower (~1000–650 hPa) and one in the middle troposphere (~650–300 hPa). These moist anomalies are associated with strongly negative CRE values and with contrasting long-range transport processes from the extratropics and the tropics, respectively. The low-level moist anomaly is characterised by an unusually thick cloud layer, high precipitation totals and a strongly negative CRE. Its formation is connected to an “extratropical dry intrusion” (EDI) that interacts with a trailing cold front. A quasi-climatological (2010–2020) analysis reveals that EDIs lead to different conditions at the BCO depending on how they interact with the associated cold front. Based on this climatology, we discuss the relevance of the strong large-scale forcing by EDIs for the low-cloud patterns near the BCO and the related CRE. The second case study about the mid-tropospheric moist anomaly is associated with an extended and persistent mixed-phase shelf cloud and the lowest daily CRE value observed during the campaign. Its formation is linked to “tropical mid-level detrainment” (TMD), which refers to detrainment from tropical deep convection near the melting layer. The quasi-climatological analysis shows that TMDs consistently lead to mid-tropospheric moist anomalies over the BCO and that the detrainment height controls the magnitude of the anomaly. However, no systematic relationship was found between the amplitude of this mid-tropospheric moist anomaly and the CRE at the BCO. Overall, this study reveals the important impact of the long-range transport, driven by dynamical processes either in the extratropics or the tropics, on the variability of the vertical structure of moisture and clouds, and on the resulting CRE in the North Atlantic winter trades.
Introduction: Writing and researching (in) the regions
Authors: and Moya Costello Nike Sulway, Lynda Hawryluk,
Published: July 2021

The special issue of TEXT on writing and researching (in) the regions provides a robust

portrait of the ways in which regional Australia is imagined, produced, and negotiated by

writers and scholars working in a range of settings broadly understood as regional. The

writing and research here gather around a range of themes: writing (in) the regions; teaching

(in) the regions; and publishing (in) the regions. Together, these works contribute to the

ongoing negotiations around how to understand, interpret, work within and nurture regional

writing, teaching and research.
Writing the New England tablelands region of Australia: Radical plant poetry and the gorge-text
Authors: Ryan John Charles
Published: July 2021

Gorge is an experimental, heteroglossic poetry sequence composed collaboratively

with the plant life of the Northern Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia.

This article theorises Gorge as a work of ‘radical plant poetry’ and as a ‘gorge-text’

derived from – rather than merely representing – the chasmic environments of the

Tablelands. Radical plant poetry attends to the phenomenological interplay between

human and vegetal domains while highlighting the embodied percipience of plants.

My conceptualisation of a gorge-text, moreover, is predicated on the writing-back –

the modes of communication and signification – of nonhuman dwellers and, in

particular, plants. A gorge-text encodes the writing that plants themselves do in – and

about – their worlds as well as the human writer’s composing-with plants to create a

poetic work. Towards the enactment of these conceptual frames, Gorge experiments

with vegetal script, poetic composting and sonic composition across its three parts,

extracts from which are included in the article.
Borderlands: Scoping the publishing landscape for a regional Australian literary journal
Authors: Morrison Glenn , Grimmer Raelke , Sefton-Rowston Adelle
Published: July 2021

This paper surveys Australian literature regarding the publication of literary journals

and the qualitative costs and benefits of their production. The survey was undertaken

as part of a research project to develop a literary journal for Australia’s Northern

Territory, which has been without a substantial journal of its own since 2000. As part

of the project, the researchers also surveyed public attitudes towards a literary journal,

interviewed key industry stakeholders, and commenced business planning for a

journal, all framed by the overview of literature. While only the literature review is

reported on here, the attitude surveys, interviews, and business planning may form the

subject of future papers. Called The Borderlands Project, the research was begun as

part of a 2018 strategic arts project jointly funded by Arts NT and Charles Darwin

University to develop a literary journal of the Northern Territory in three phases. This

paper outlines the purpose of the project and describes preliminary results from the

literature survey, including comments on funding, journal format, content, how to

address the problem of prosumerism, and future directions for the research.
Wikimedia y la cobertura del COVID-19 en español: producción colaborativa de conocimientos en temas de actualidad
Authors: Zanotti Agustín
Published: July 2021

El artículo analiza la producción y uso de contenidos sobre COVID-19 en Wikimedia en español. La llegada de la pandemia motivó acciones colectivas para generar entradas y contenidos de actualidad, en su misión de brindar información clara, neutral y confiable. En base a un abordaje cuantitativo y cualitativo de registros disponibles, así como herramientas analíticas oficiales y comunitarias, el artículo investiga: cantidad y tipo de objetos generados; visualización de artículos principales; dinámicas de edición y trabajo colaborativo; calidad y comparación entre ediciones. Los resultados muestran dinámicas de creación colaborativa que varían en función de temas, motivaciones de editores y volumen de la comunidad. Permiten ponderar en qué medida Wikimedia fue una fuente consultada y confiable, poniendo de relieve el lugar de las plataformas sin fines de lucro y la colaboración en masa, en un ecosistema mediático global en el que convergen medios de masas y sociales
Itinerarios historiográficos: otredades absolutas e imágenes disciplinares sobre Tierra del Fuego
Authors: Casali Romina , Harambour Alberto
Published: July 2021

En este trabajo se enumeran las aproximaciones sobre la Tierra del Fuego plausibles de rotular como historiográficas, teniendo en cuenta que, con foco en la consideración de las comunidades indígenas, no siempre son discernibles los límites disciplinares, y que se trata de un caso en donde la renovación profesional fue más bien tardía. Se plantea que la marginalidad espacial y el tipo de colonización de Patagonia Austral posicionaron a la historiografía en un plano secundario respecto de otras disciplinas como la antropología o la arqueología; a su vez, la Isla Grande quedó relegada en los abordajes disciplinares incluso cuando éstos aludieron a “la Patagonia” como un bloque.
Psychologiczne funkcje moralności
Authors: Adamska Krystyna
Published: July 2021

W artykule przyjmuje się, że moralne zachowania ludzi oraz oceny moralne są efektem dwóch podstawowych motywów: utrzymania jedności grupy (motyw społeczny) oraz poczucia sensu (motyw poznawczy). Przedstawione zostały koncepcje i wyniki badań, wskazujące na kontekstowość zachowań i ocen moralnych oraz ich regulację wyznaczoną potrzebą redukcji napięcia wywołanego sprzecznością pomiędzy bieżącym doświadczeniem a indywidualnie dostępną wiedzą. Rozumienie moralności jako narzędzia regulacji relacji społecznych skłania do wniosku, że odmienne koncepcje dobra, zakorzenione w praktykach społecznych grupy prowadzą do różnorodnego pojmowania cnót. W artykule wskazuje się na zagrożenia wynikające z obiektywizowania własnego stanowiska poprzez odwoływanie się do uniwersalnych i niezmiennych zasad moralnych oraz roli rozumienia psychologicznych funkcji moralności w procesie dochodzenia do porozumienia.
Spór „fakultetów” o pojęcie cnoty. Konstruktywistyczny dyskurs etyczny wobec dyskursu naukowego
Authors: Jaśtal Jacek
Published: July 2021

Spór pomiędzy sytuacjonistami a zwolennikami etyki można uznać za kolejną odsłonę sporu na temat pozycji etyki wobec empirycznych nauk o człowieku. W czasach postnowoczesnych, czyli w warunkach równoczesnego funkcjonowania wielu paradygmatów naukowych oraz poważnego kryzysu wiary w możliwość wskazania obiektywnego sensu życia ludzkiego, nie wydaje się zasadne pytanie, czy trwałe cechy dyspozycjonalne faktycznie istnieją. Raczej należy postawić pytanie na sposób konstruktywistyczny: jakie funkcje spełnia ta kategoria w etyce, a jakie w naukach o człowieku? W artykule staram się odpowiedzieć na to pytanie, odwołując się do założeń konstruktywistycznej teorii systemów społecznych N. Luhmanna. Staram się wykazać, że pojęcie cnoty okazuje się znacznie bardziej przydatne niż kategorie etyki deontologicznej i konsekwencjalistycznej do komunikowania oczekiwań moralnych w warunkach rosnącej złożoności działań, rosnącej kontyngencji, poczucia niepewności i przemian w postrzeganiu czasu społecznego. Jednocześnie staram się pokazać, że pojęcie trwałych dyspozycji staje się dysfunkcjonalne w obrębie zadań nauk empirycznych, ponieważ operują one innymi kategoriami temporalnymi.
The Earthquake Insurance Protection Gap: A Tale of Two Countries
Authors: Kelly Mary , Bowen Steven G. , McGillivray R. Glenn
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we examine reasons why take-up rates for earthquake insurance are significantly higher in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia than in western Washington state even though earthquake risk is largely the same. Achieving and maintaining high insurance take-up rates for catastrophic events matters because this can play an important role in improving the resiliency of communities. After exploring several factors known to influence the supply and demand of insurance for high-severity but low-frequency events, we find only two key differences: 1) disaster assistance is more readily available in the U.S.; and 2) Canadians are more willing to purchase earthquake insurance when they are told they should. We conjecture that many policy options to increase insurance take-up rates, such as product redesign or cross subsidization, are not likely to be effective in Washington. Making insurance mandatory—either via legislation, making earthquake coverage a prerequisite for a mortgage or embedding it into property taxes—might be the only viable way to increase take-up rates, although these options may be politically difficult to enact.
MULTIPLE INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN CHILDREN (MIS-C) ASSOCIATED WITH COVID-19
Authors: KUTUBIDZE TINATIN , KHERKHEULIDZE MAIA , KOBAKHIDZE MANANA , KEKELIDZE IRINE , NAKHUTSRISHVILI EKA
Published: July 2021

There is a difference between MIS-C and KD. This is probably a postinfectious inflammatory response manifested with elevation of inflammatory markers and signs of myocardial damage. So, MIS-C could be an analogue of late phase COVID-19, which we are seeing in adult patients. This phase is also characterized by “cytokine storm” and can include severe myocardial disfunction, renal damage and laboratory changes consistent with MAS. Despite growing numbers of children with MIS-C, it still remains as rare condition and has good outcome in majority of cases. Children with MIS-C need special care of rheumatologist, infectious disease and intensive disease specialist collaboration.
THE ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN AGE-RELATED DISEASES
Authors: JGARKAVA MEDEA , RUKHADZE RUSUDAN , KARANADZE NINO , PANTSULAIA IA
Published: July 2021

The risk of developing of the diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, arthritis, type 2 diabetes and cancer increases with age. This is why these diseases are also referred to as age-related diseases. There is evidence that the development of age-related diseases significantly contributes to the so-called. Immune aging, in particular, age-related changes in the immune system, one of the manifestations of which is a low level systemic chronic inflammation. The term "inflammatory aging" (Inflamm-aging) well describes the close relationship between low-grade chronic inflammation and aging. At the present stage of the development of medicine, the mechanisms associated with the development of age-related, low-level, chronic inflammatory processes and the ways of their evaluation require further in-depth, multidisciplinary studies. Clearly, inflammatory aging is a predictor of many age-related disease development and high risk of death. Clinical studies have confirmed the view that inhibition of certain mediators of inflammation may reduce the incidence of age-related diseases. However, similar studies focusing on anti-inflammatory drugs are few in number and the results are ambiguous. Further fundamental and translational studies in this direction hope that in the future we will be able to regulate inflammatory processes in a way that ensures a healthy and long-lasting aging of the population.
STUDY OF THE ORAL CAVITY CONDITION OF THE SOCIALLY VULNERABLE POPULATION OF BATUMI, AUTONOMOUS REPUBLIC OF ADJARA
Authors: DAVITADZE SOPHIKO , FRANCHUK QETEVAN , CHOMAKHASHVILI NINO , CHOMAKHASHVILI ZURAB , PHUTKARADZE MERAB , ZOSIDZE NATO , TSETSKHLADZE OTAR , BOLKVADZE RUSLAN , JINCHARADZE DEMUR
Published: July 2021

Based on the results of the research, the most important conclusion is that due to the high cost of dental care (especially due to the high cost of dental materials), most of the socially vulnerable people do not receive such care today. We consider it possible for the Social Department of the Ministry of Health as well as the Social Assistance Departments of the cities to increase the budget funds to solve this problem.
Performance Measurement in Irish Nonprofit Organisations: An Empirical Study on the State of Play
Authors: McGeough Francis
Published: July 2021

Nonprofit organisations (NPOs) depend on trust and the appearance of competency to maintain legitimacy in the eyes of the general public upon whom they depend for funding. In the absence of an all-embracing figure such as profit, NPOs can use the provision of performance information to demonstrate their competency. Using a performance framework, this research analyses the quantity and variety of performance information provided by 50 of the largest NPOs in Ireland. It is found that there is much room for improvement as most NPOs are providing very limited performance information.
BIMBINGAN TEKNIS PERENCANAAN PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DALAM MEMPERTAHANKAN GOING CONCERN USAHA DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19 PADA USAHA UMKM DI KOTA KENDARI
Authors: Anto La Ode , Hadisantoso Erwin , Dali Nasrullah
Published: July 2021

Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk agar seluruh UMKM yang ada di Kota Kendari mampu membuat model pengelolaan keuangannya sendiri yang sesuai bagi UMKM sehingga dapat menyusun perencanaan keuangan usaha melalui kegiatan penyusunan anggaran untuk menetapkan kebutuhan modal kerja, investasi pada aset tetap, dan merencanakan sumber dananya. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian yang telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan beberapa Metode yaitu pemberian bimbingan, dan diskusi maka diperoleh adanya peningkatan pemahaman pelaku usaha dalam mempertahankan Going Concern usaha dimasa Pandemi Covid-19 ini, UMKM yang menjadi objek pengabdian ini memberikan gambaran yang baik bahwa dengan adanya pengabdian yang telah dilakukan dapat memicu pemilik usaha dalam mengenali langkah-langkah apa yang baik digunakan selama pandemi covid-19.
Judicial reform as a tool for increase efficiency of legal protection of individuals
Authors: Malko A. V. , Afanasiev S. F. , Terekhin V. A.
Published: July 2021

The subject. The authors analyze the process and results of 30 years of reforming judicial activity in contemporary Russia, formulate and substantiate the conceptual foundations of promising transformations and specific proposals for continuing the reform, increasing the efficiency of the judicial system and protecting human rights, freedoms and legitimate in-terests.

The purpose is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that the Russian judicial reform needs to be adjusted in order to remain the most important factor in building the rule of law and civil society.

The research methodology includes the methods of analysis and synthesis, historical, com-parative legal and formal legal methods.

The main results, scope of application. The court is one of the most democratic and civilized tools for resolving social conflicts and protecting human interests. Judicial reform is a con-ceptually formed, cardinal and progressive transformation carried out in the historical pe-riod in order to organize the optimal model of the judicial system and achieve maximum efficiency of its functioning to protect the rights and freedoms of the individual, the inter-ests of society and the state. The Russian court was transformed, became the real judiciary power and took its place in the state mechanism during the reform period. The judicial sys-tem was built on new principles, procedural legislation was updated, a number of other measures were taken to improve the status of the court and its role in society. It is necessary to generalize the existing practice and regulate all problematic aspects of the formation of the judicial corps at the legislative level. We need to make this process clear and transpar-ent. Justice as a social and legal value and a significant international goal of sustainable development should be implemented in Russian domestic policy and strategic projects. The strategy and tactics of digital transformation of judicial activity, more active introduction of modern tools in it, while ensuring human rights and freedoms in this process, are particu-larly in demand in the context of the coronavirus pandemic,

The conclusion is made that judicial reform is the most important factor in building the rule of law and civil society. However, it has not been completed and its potential for social influence has not been exhausted. Therefore, conceptual foundations and specific proposals for further transformations, increasing the efficiency of the judicial system in order to protect human rights, freedoms and legitimate interests have been formulated and substantiated.
Criminal legal basis for an expedited trial procedure provided by the chapter 40 of the Russian Criminal Procedure Code
Authors: Boyarskaya A. V.
Published: July 2021

The subject of study is the criminal-legal basis for an expedited procedure for adopting a court ruling when the accused person agrees with the charge. These issues are relevant, since in July 2020 the substantive legal basis of the expedited procedure in Russia was changed and now this procedure can only be applied in criminal cases of small and medium gravity.

The aim of this work is to study the substantive legal basis of an expedited procedure of litigation from the point of view of the changes were made to it. The author expresses the thesis that the legislators did not quite reasonably link criminal-legal grounds of the expedited procedure with the system of categories of crimes.

The methodology. The author used general scientific methods (dialectical, historical, methods of formal logic, system analysis) as well as method of formal legal interpretation of Russian Criminal Code and judicial decisions of Russian courts.

The main results, scope of application. The criminal and legal basis of certain criminal procedure is a package of criminal law standards, for the implementation of which a certain criminal and procedural form is intended. The parameters of the substantive basis of criminal proceedings are set with the signs that shall be indicated in the Code of Criminal Procedure and may change. It directly refers to the expedited procedure for adopting a court ruling, by Chapter 40 of the Russian Criminal Procedure Code. Initially, it was assumed that the application of this procedure is permissible in criminal cases concerning crimes the punishment for which does not exceed 5 years imprisonment in accordance with the Russian Criminal Code. The expedited court proceedings began to be applied in criminal cases concerning crimes, the punishment for which does not exceed 10 years imprisonment in accordance with the Russian Criminal Code, since 2003. The Russian Supreme Court made an attempt to reduce the application of court proceedings provided by Chapter 40 of the Russian Criminal Procedure Code in 2019. It turned out to be successful. Legislators have changed the basic criterion that determines the substantive basis for an expedited procedure for adopting a court ruling. Now the system of categories of crimes is this basis. The system of categories of crimes presented in Article 15 of the Russian Criminal Code is not stable enough and is based on a set of provisions of this Code, but the sanctions for many crimes are not scientifically and practically grounded in this Code. In addition, the classification of crimes enshrined in Article 15 of the Russian Criminal Code is based on such a criterion as the nature and degree of public danger of the crime. These categories are among the most complex in the science of criminal law.

Conclusions. The use of categories of crimes as a criterion for determining the criminal legal basis of the expedited procedure for making a court decision significantly complicates the application of the expedited procedure.
The spirit of the law versus the letter of the law: the nature of correlation
Authors: Sorokin V. V.
Published: July 2021

The subjectof the research is the categories “the spirit of the law” and “the letter of the law” in their regulatory sense.

The purposeof the research is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that the concept of “the spirit of the law” fundamentally impacts the methodology of legal research, legal con-sciousness and the mechanism of legal regulation.

The methodologyfor researching the spirit of the law presupposes an adequate selection of means of knowledge. It is impossible to study the spirit of the law with the tools of ma-terialism or economic determinism. The spiritual-moral, axiological, metaphysical, systemic methods and the method of synthesis are preferred for the study of the spirit of the law. The legal system of society ceases to meet the elementary requirements of the formation of a person's legal consciousness, his improvement and spiritual health when the spirit of the law is denied. It is generally impossible to understand how law functions and achieves a regulatory effect using the dogmatic, positivist approach to law as a dominant method of cognition.

The main results,scope of application. The problem of the operation of the spirit of the law is one of the ignored problems of legal practice. If the legal act is at odds with the spirit of the law, the law enforcer faces a difficult choice: either morality or law. This dilemma is fraught with serious conflicts both in the mental, psychological sphere of the law enforce-ment officer himself, and between all participants in the legal process. Every person has an internal imbalance if he makes decisions and performs actions that are contrary to his con-science. Jurisprudence, which adequately perceives the subordination between the spirit of the law and the letter of the law, warns against the temptation to consider law as a sphere independent of spiritual absolutes. The current law is not exactly what is set out in the texts of regulatory acts. Distinguishing between the spirit of the law and the letter of the law, therefore, requires special types of interpretation of texts (broad, restrictive), as well as analogies of legislation and analogies of law.
An efficient green synthesis of polyfunctional pyrazole-triazole hybrids and bis-triazoles via chromium incorporated fluorapatite encapsulated iron oxide nanocatalyst
Authors: Rezaei Iman , Mamaghani Manouchehr
Published: July 2021

In this report, novel chromium incorporated fluorapatite encapsulated iron oxide (γ-Fe2O3@FAp@Cr) nanocatalyst was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD and EDX techniques. The catalyst was used in the synthesis of various derivatives of pyrazole-triazole hybrids via the reaction of thiosemicarbazide or semicarbaside and pyrazolecarbaldehydes at room temperature with excellent yields and short reaction times. The protocol was also used in the synthesis of bis-triazoles in high yield and reasonable reaction time. The nanocatalyst was comfortably separated from the reaction mixture by an external magnet and was reused in six consecutive cycles without any remarkable changes in its catalytic performance.
Biologically active organic compounds as insect growth regulators (IGRs): introduction, mode of action, and some synthetic methods
Authors: Gad Mohamed A. , Aref Safwat A. , Abdelhamid Antar A. , Elwassimy M. M. , Abdel-Raheem Shaban A. A.
Published: July 2021

Biologically active organic compounds continue to attract great interest due to the wide variety of interesting applications observed for these compounds. This review results from the literature survey containing the organic compounds that are used as insect growth regulators with a focus on their mode of action and some synthetic routes.
Approaches for the synthesis, chemical modification and biological properties of N-acylphenothiazines
Authors: Myrko Iryna , Chaban Taras , Matiichuk Yulia , Arshad Mohammad , Matiychuk Vasyl
Published: July 2021

In this review we systematized the theoretical and experimental data concerning the versatile approaches for the synthesis of N-acylphenothiazines. The aim of the study was to compile the literature reported worldwide in the past 20 years. This article also reviewed the analysis of pharmacological activities of these heterocycles as one of the promising chemotherapeutic objects for the modern bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. It has been hypothesized that the enormous biological potential of these moieties is due to the radical nature in the acyl moiety. Therefore, the present review will be a good contribution to the literature and will provide the platform for the medicinal chemistry researchers to carry out more studies aiming the N-acylphenothiazine moieties as the novel chemotherapeutic agents.
Study on Scientific Attitude and Academic Achievement among B.Ed. Trainees
Authors: P. Rajendran , R. Anandarasu
Published: July 2021

The study was intended to find out the level of Scientific Attitude and academic achievement of B.Ed., trainees. This study involves a survey method. The size of the sample in the study was 941 B.Ed., trainees who were selected through the simple random sampling technique. The main objectives of the study are to the level of Scientific Attitude and academic achievement of B.Ed., trainees. To find out the significant difference in the Mean Scores of the level of scientific attitude and academic achievement of B.Ed., trainees with respect to the Demographic variables such as Gender, Year of Study, Subject, Locality of College. To find out whether there is any significant relationship between the Scientific Attitude and Academic Achievement of B.Ed., Trainees. The Statistical procedures used in this study were; Mean, Standard Deviation, ‘t’ test, and correlation to analyze the data. The Major findings of the study were; i) The level of Scientific Attitude and academic achievement of B.Ed., trainees is above average. ii) Female B.Ed., Trainees are a significantly higher level of Scientific Attitude and Academic Achievement than the Male B.Ed., Trainees. iii) Second-year B.Ed., Trainees are a significantly higher level of Scientific Attitude and Academic Achievement than the First-year B.Ed., Trainees. iv) The B.Ed., Trainees of Language Subject is significantly Higher Scientific Attitude than the Science Subject and Arts Subject. At the same time, the Science Subject is significantly having a higher level of Scientific Attitude than the Arts Subject. v) Urban B.Ed., Trainees are significantly higher levels of Scientific Attitude than the Rural B.Ed., Trainees. vi) There is a significant indifferent or negligible positive relationship between the Scientific Attitude and Academic Achievement. It's my conclusion that the present study reveals that there is several B.Ed., trainees who are having an above-average of the scientific attitude. However, the Academic Achievement of B.Ed., trainees are quite high.
Comparative study of Indian Judicial Review System with the U.S.A. and U.K.
Authors: Rao Priya , Kumar Tiwari Abhay
Published: July 2021

This paper deals with system of judicial review adopted by the various democratic nations. This paper also discuss the various provision of the Constitution of the India which empowers the court for the judicial review. Authors also describe the various landmark judgment and the constitutional amendment done with the help of the judicial review. In present situation the judiciary have the responsibility to uphold the constitutional values and to enforce the Constitutional limitation for the proper functioning of the all the organ of the government.
ПРИРОДНО-КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ФАКТОРЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЯ ЮЖНОГО КАЗАХСТАНА В СРЕДНИЕ ВЕКА
Authors: Нигматова Саида Араповна
Published: July 2021

В бассейне реки Сырдарья в Южном Казахстана известно большое количество археологических памятников, свидетельствующих о развитии земледелия на данной территории в историческом прошлом. Изучение геоморфологии, геологического строения этой обширной территории и реконструкция палеоклимата на основании палинологического анализа голоценовых отложений многочисленных торткулей, рабатов и городищ Южного Казахстана позволили установить существование благоприятного климата для развития сельского хозяйства, садоводства. Палинологические исследования дали возможность выделить относительно более влажные и прохладные периоды, в течение которых происходило остепнение пустынной растительности, расширение пойменных лесов, расширение пойм рек, обводнение родников и колодцев. Выделены и охарактеризованы различные в геоморфологическом отношении участки, расположенные вдоль реки Сырдарья. Показаны этапы изменения особенностей хозяйственного освоения этой территории.
СРЕДНЕВЕКОВАЯ КЕРАМИКА ПОСЕЛЕНИЯ РАХАТ (по материалам исследований 2019–2020 гг.)
Authors: Мухтарова Гульмира Раиловна , Железняков Борис Анатольевич , Тулегенов Туралы Жаксылыкович
Published: July 2021

В 2019–2020 гг. на памятнике Рахат (Енбекшиказахский р-н, Алматинская обл.) сотрудниками Государственного историко-культурного заповедника-музея «Есик» проводились археологические исследования. Результаты исследований представляют этот памятник в несколько неожиданном свете. Автором идеи проведения исследований на нем выдающимся археологом Б. Н. Нурмуханбетовым предполагалось, что памятник является городищем сакской элиты. Артефакты датируются, главным образом, X – началом XIII в. Прежде всего, это наиболее массовый артефакт – фрагменты керамических сосудов. Керамика совместно с конструкциями свидетельствует о том, что в раскопанных объектах могли совершать некие ритуальные действия, в том числе связанные с располагавшимися рядом захоронениями. Керамика из раскопа типична для караханидского времени и достаточно типичен ее набор: разных размеров котлы с двумя горизонтальными петлевидными ручками, средние и небольшие кувшины, в том числе двуручные, а также хумы, кружки. Главным образом отмечается кухонная посуда средних размеров, судя по объему, предназначенная объемом на семью. По-видимому, раскопанное пространство использовалось для исполнения ритуалов, главным образом, поминального характера.
ДОРОГИ, КОТОРЫЕ НАС ВЕДУТ… (к юбилею А. В. Логвина)
Authors: Лошакова Татьяна Николаевна
Published: July 2021

Статья посвящена юбилею археолога А. В. Логвина, путь которого в науке начался, можно сказать, «с пеленок» – когда каждое лето вместе с отцом он выезжал в поле. В настоящее время – это состоявшийся специалист по изучению древней истории Казахстана. На протяжении более чем 20 лет он является руководителем лаборатории археологических исследований Костанайского регионального университета им. А. Байтурсынова. За этот период сделаны яркие открытия по изучению эпохи бронзы Большого Тургая, которые четко ассоциируются со временем работы юбиляра: продолжение раскопок на могильнике у поселения Бестамак, изучение новых памятников Халвай и Каратомар. Постоянно под руководством А. В. Логвина проводится работа по выявлению и фиксации новых объектов археологии на территории Костанайской области; разрабатывается особое направление в отечественной археологии – изучение геоглифов Торгая, аналогов которым на территории Республики Казахстан пока не обнаружено. Археологический материал изучается комплексно – с привлечением специалистов смежных дисциплин: антропологии, почвоведения, палинологии, палеозоологии, трасологии и т.д., в результате чего получены новые данные по древней истории Костанайской области.
ГЕННАДИЙ БОРИСОВИЧ ЗДАНОВИЧ (1938–2020)
Authors: Хабдулина Марал Калымжановна , Карабаспакова Культай Мухамедьевна , Усманова Эмма Радиковна , Варфоломеев Виктор Васильевич
Published: July 2021

19 ноября 2020 г. не стало Геннадия Борисовича Здановича… Его имя навсегда связано с самым ярким открытием конца ХХ в. – поселением, протогородом Аркаим. Аркаим – целая историческая эпоха, легенда степной Евразии. Описание его вошло во все вузовские и школьные учебники по древней истории Казахстана.
О РАСКОПКАХ КУРГАНА ПОЗДНЕСАКСКОГО ВРЕМЕНИ В АЛМАТЫ (краткие результаты полевых исследований 2020 года)
Authors: Нуржанов Арнабай Абишевич , Джумабекова Гульнара Саиновна , Базарбаева Галия Аппазовна
Published: July 2021

В предлагаемой статье приводятся предварительные итоги раскопок кургана позднесакского времени на территории г. Алматы, проводившихся в полевом сезоне 2020 г. В отечественной историографии отложились многочисленные сведения о курганах раннего железного века, расположенных как в пределах южной столицы Казахстана, так и в ее окрестностях. О том, что у северных склонов Иле Алатау в эпоху ранних кочевников находились царские «герросы» и святилища, свидетельствуют многочисленные курганные могильники и случайные находки металлических изделий, называемых условно культовые или ритуальные атрибуты. Особенности наземного сооружения и внутримогильных конструкций кургана, исследовавшегося в 2020 г., позволяет реконструировать важнейшие черты погребально-поминальной обрядности, представлений древних кочевников об устройстве мира. Обзор аналогий приводит к районам Южного Урала, Приаралья, Алтая. Параллели указывают не только на схожие элементы погребального обряда (использование дерева, огня, дромос), но и на общность религиозно-мифологических воззрений, ритуальных действий. Предварительно курган датируется позднесакским временем (IV–III вв. до н.э.).
Jewish Quotas on a Continuum of Time and Space
Authors: Kelemen Ágnes Katalin
Published: July 2021

This essay positions the Hungarian numerus clausus law (1920) in the narrative framework of de-emancipation and in the transnational context of its time. The Jewish quota as a measure to reverse Jewish educational mobility and social integration was not unique to Hungary. Neither was the peregrination (student migration) of Jewish youth as a response. However, the role this migration and its community support mechanism played in Jewish life was particularly significant in Hungary.
Richard Allen and Black Church Disciplines
Authors: Wakefield Hannah
Published: July 2021

This essay analyzes the 1817 Doctrines and Discipline of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, published by Richard Allen and Jacob Tapsico, to argue for the inclusion of church disciplines in American literary anthologies. Such anthologies currently privilege the genres of life writing and poetry when selecting African American literature. In contrast to this emphasis on works by a single author, the Doctrines and Discipline foregrounds a vibrant African American print culture, practices of collaborative authorship, and coalition-building in the early American republic. A close reading of the AME Doctrines and Discipline demonstrates both the political and the literary stakes of church disciplines. This particular church discipline enacts a revolutionary break with white institutions and constructs a new black national affiliation, and it also lays the foundation for black literary production through much of the nineteenth century.
“The Man Who Became a Woman”: Sherwood Anderson’s Stylistic Masterpiece
Authors: Finnegan Michael J.
Published: July 2021

“The Man Who Became a Woman” is a tale that most clearly illustrates Sherwood Anderson’s devotion to his craft. The task he set for himself was much more demanding than the writing of similar race-track narratives like “I Want to Know Why” from The Triumph of the Egg and “I’m a Fool” from Horses and Men. In both of these tales Anderson relied on first-person narration, adolescent characters his readers could quickly understand, and his knowledge and love of race-tracks and horses. This expertise with point of view, when combined with his fortuitous character choice and his abundant supply of images rich in sensory detail, gave Anderson the ideal occasion to capture pictures of race track life. However, in the crafting of “The Man Who Became a Woman,” he also depended heavily on image patterns to reveal character and theme. Here, he added this technique to his normal tales to produce one of his most delicately crafted works. “The Man Who Became a Woman” is more than a traditional story of initiation; it is a beautiful impressionistic portrait of passion, confusion, despair, trauma, and bitter-sweet acceptance of maturity.
Last Year at Betty and Bob's: An Actual Occasion
Authors: Doruff Sher
Published: July 2021

Last Year at Betty and Bob’s: An Actual Occasion is the third in a series of three novellas emerging from a writing practice that taps the cusp of consciousness between dreaming and waking. An Actual Occasion revisits the viral transitioning of the becoming rat-woman from Last Year at Betty and Bob's: A Novelty (vol. 1 in the trilogy). The adventure focuses on the Gritta’s, a gang of artists on retreat in the Dolomite Mountains, as they engage with the idiosyncratic, keeper of the keys, Roberta. Her other-worldly Café Arcadia, a magical cathedral of voluminous aphorism, is an archival refuge and durational homage to Benjaminian storytelling. This futurist fairy-tale is tinged with a curious mix of 19th-century feminist idioms and a queer, post-pandemic sanguinity.
Evaluation des mesures de biosécurité dans les fermes avicoles modernes du district de Bamako dans le cadre de la lutte contre la grippe aviaire
Authors: H Yalcouyé
Published: July 2021

Introduction : La biosécurité peut être définie comme " l'ensemble des mesures de nature préventive mises en œuvre pour éviter de contaminer ou d'être contaminé par un agent biologique". Le passage au mode d'élevage intensif pose avec acuité la question de la biosécurité. Les exploitations avicoles modernes sont les plus concernées car la biosécurité, qu'elle soit externe ou interne, impacte la santé en agissant comme facteur préventif de l'introduction ou de la propagation des maladies en élevage. Méthodes : L'administration du questionnaire a été réalisée par méthode téléphonique compte tenue de la distance et de l'insuffisance des ressources. Le travail reposera sur la synthèse des revues bibliographiques, sur l'élaboration du questionnaire et les enquêtes sur le terrain. Le questionnaire a été testé et validé avant son administration sur le terrain. Résultats : Le nombre d'aviculteurs dont la ferme est localisée à Sénou était de 3/10. Il est suivi de celui à Gouana avec 2/10. Les informations reçues sur les données de l'exploitation font ressortir que les aviculteurs pratiquant la production d'œufs étaient plus nombreux que ceux produisant la chair. 90% des aviculteurs interrogés font de la production d'œufs et 10% de la production de poulet de chair. Les maladies rencontrées dans les poulaillers et qui constituent un problème dans ces fermes sont la maladie de Newcastle pour 90% et la bronchite infectieuse pour 10%. Conclusion : L'aviculture était plus pratiquée à Sénou et Gouana. Les maladies aviaires les plus fréquentes étaient la Newcastle et la bronchite infectieuse. Les employés ne trempaient pas leurs bottes en accédant aux bâtiments d'élevage.Mots clés : Evaluation, biosécurité, grippe aviaire, Bamako, Mali
Malnutrition aigüe Sévère et caractéristiques socio-économiques des mères en Commune VI du district de Bamako au Mali
Authors: O Diallo , O Diallo
Published: July 2021

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Pratiques alimentaires et suivi des enfants malnutris aigus sévères à Koutiala en 2015 au Mali
Authors: Oumar Sangho
Published: July 2021

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Situation nutritionnelle et sanitaire des enfants de 06-59 mois dans la commune urbaine de Nioro du Sahel au Mali en 2015
Authors: Sangho Oumar
Published: July 2021

Introduction : L'objectif était d'étudier la situation nutritionnelle et sanitaire des enfants de 06-59 mois dans la commune urbaine de Nioro du Sahel en 2015. Matériel et méthodes : Cette étude transversale descriptive a porté sur un échantillon de 400 enfants et 202 mères dans le district sanitaire de Nioro du Sahel. Les données collectées à l'aide d'un questionnaire ont été analysées par les logiciels SPSS 19.0, ENA et OMS 2006. Les tests de Khi2, Fisher et Student ont été utilisés pour trouver des associations statistiquement significatives (p<0,05). Résultats : la prévalence de l'insuffisance pondérale était de 9 % avec 2,8 % de forme sévère. Il n'y avait pas de différence statistiquement significative chez les garçons et les filles (p=0,3961). 52% des mères n'allaitaient pas leurs enfants. L'âge de sevrage était d'au moins 25 mois pour 62,5 % des enfants. 57% des enfants ont reçu un aliment de complément à plus de 12 mois. A cause de l'eau de boisson, la diarrhée était la maladie la plus fréquente soit 45,5%. Aussi, 52% des enfants ont souffert de paludisme à cause de l'insalubrité du milieu. Conclusion : L'alimentation, l'hygiène et l'assainissement sont des facteurs qui peuvent impacter sur l'état nutritionnel des enfants de 06-59 mois.