bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MARCUS LICINIUS CRASSUS AND THE FIRST TRIUMVIRATE
Authors: Tarnavskiy Roman
Published: April 2021

Summary. The article deals with the activities of Marcus Licinius Crassus as a triumvir and the consequences of his participation in the triumvirate. The methodology of the study is based on the principles of historicism and scientific objectivity, general scientific and special historical methods: analysis, synthesis, problem-chronological and the method of historical reconstruction. The scientific novelty is that for the first time in the Ukrainian historiography the article considers the activity of Marcus Licinius Crassus as a triumvir and his achievements of his participation in the triumvirate. With Caesar and Pompey’s support Crassus reached the consulate for the second time taking control of the province of Syria, which was the culmination of his political and military career. The conclusions are as follows. Crassus’ political position was strengthened with the foundation of the triumvirate, but his political dividends were initially the most modest compared to those received by Caesar and Pompey. This exacerbated the contradictions between him and the other members of the triumvirate. The triumvirs managed to settle disputes and restore unity at a conference at Lucca in 56 BC, after which the alliance of Caesar, Pompey and Crassus became obvious to all. Crassus received assurances of support for the fulfillment of all his desires and was able to implement everything planned, as well as the other members of the triumvirate. It was Crassus’ participation in an alliance with Caesar and Pompey and their support that allowed Crassus to achieve a second consulate, to gain control of the province of Syria and organize a military campaign against the Parthian kingdom.
"DEADLY ENEMY OF THE POLISH PEOPLE": IMAGES OF MYKHAILO HRUSHEVSKY IN POLISH JOURNALISM
Authors: Telvak Viktoria
Published: April 2021

Summary. The purpose of the publication is to clarify the dynamics of assessments of M. Hrushevsky’s socio-political activities in the pages of Polish periodicals of the early twentieth century. The methodological basis is an interdisciplinary approach. Special emphasis is placed on the structural-functional systematic analysis of historiographical facts and the method of critical analysis of documentary material. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the attempt to comprehensively analyse the Polish Hrushevsky studies in terms of the reaction of its representatives to the socio-political initiatives of a prominent Ukrainian historian. Conclusions. The conducted historiographical analysis showed that Polish journalism was unconditionally critical towards M. Hrushevsky’s numerous cultural and public initiatives. None of the scientist’s attempts to gain more rights for Ukrainians in Eastern Galicia were met with sympathy. We would like to note that Polish publicists of all parties united in a consistent denial of the arguments of the Lviv professor. Instead, we can note a clear change in tone in the discussion with M. Hrushevsky. Thus, the balanced critical writings at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries were replaced in the last pre-war years by the demonstrative profanation of his suggestions for the normalization of Polish-Ukrainian relations. At the same time, the image of the scholar in the pages of Polish periodicals became more and more demonised. All these actions were components of the general ideological attack of Polish intellectuals on modern Ukrainians, that in the last years of the Great War turned into an armed conflict.
SOCIO-POLITICAL ACTIVITY OF THE PEASANTRY OF UKRAINE IN 1917
Authors: Pasichna Yulia , Zemskyi Yuriy
Published: April 2021

Summary. The purpose of the study is to research the causes, nature, and features of the socio-political activity of the Ukrainian peasantry in 1917.
Research methodology. The study is based on the principles of historicism, comprehensiveness, objectivity, and systematicity. During the study of this topic, the authors used general scientific (analysis, synthesis, elements of the statistical method) and special-historical (problem-chronological, historical-typological, historical-systemic) research methods.
The scientific novelty lies in the substantiation of the thesis concerning the fact that the peasantry became an active subject of socio-political processes in 1917 in Ukraine.
Conclusions. The changes that took place in early 1917 in the political life of the state became a catalyst for the active actions of the peasantry, which required radical changes in land tenure/land use. The agrarian problem worsened during 1905–1907 and in 1917 detonated an explosion of socio-political activity of the peasantry. It was expressed in the speeches of the peasantry, the organization of peasant congresses, the creation of peasant organizations, the involvement of workers and soldiers in speeches, etc. During 1917 the socio-political activity of the peasantry underwent changes. The end of 1917 was marked by its strengthening, which forced the government to take into account the needs of the peasantry as an active participant in the socio-political life of the state.
AGRARIANISM AS A PEASANT-CENTRIC PHENOMENON OF THE UKRAINIAN REVOLUTION OF 1917–1921 IN THE FOCUS OF FOREIGN HISTORIOGRAPHY
Authors: Ilnytskyi Vasyl , Hlibishchuk Mykola , Kompaniiets Oleksii
Published: April 2021

Summary. The purpose of the article is to conduct a historiographical analysis of foreign discourse in the coverage of agrarianism as a peasant-centric phenomenon of the Ukrainian revolution of 1917–1921. The research methodology is based on the combination of the principles of historicism, multifactoriality, systematics, and logic. General scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special-historical (historical-genetic, historical-typological, historical-systemic) methods are used. Scientific novelty. For the first time in Ukrainian historiography, we carried out a comprehensive analysis and actualization of a disparate array of literature on the issue of agrarianism as a peasant-centric phenomenon of the Ukrainian revolution of 1917–192, developed by foreign researcher. Conclusions. The phenomenon of agrarianism is widely reflected in modern foreign historiography. Today, recognized specialists in the field of agrarianism are J. Elland, Z. Hemmerling, R. Golets, A. Lech, B. Stochevskaya, A. Toshkov, M. Tomek, B. Trencheni, X. Schultz, A. Haare, J. Ryhlik, J. Garna, M. Novak, M. Brunklik, V. Havlik, V. Medzhetsky, W. Mueller, E. Cuba, I. Suaa, T. Lorenz etc. In foreign scientific publications, there are only a few mentions of the Ukrainian version of agrarianism in the context of Central and Eastern Europe. And even in this case, Ukrainian agrarians are often reduced by foreign researchers only to the agricultural ideology of V. Lypynsky. Much more often in foreign works, they talk about Ukraine as an object of interest from foreign theorists of agrarianism. In view of this, we can state that the domestic historical science faces the task of substantiating the peculiarities of the Ukrainian version of agrarianism in comparison with its neighboring versions (Polish, Czech, Slovak, Romanian, Bulgarian), as well as reaching the level of international research projects. which is the phenomenon of European agrarianism.
НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВЕ ВРЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ПОВЕДІНКИ МІСЦЕВОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ У ЗОНАХ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ ТИМЧАСОВОЇ ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ АДМІНІСТРАЦІЇ ТА РАЙХСКОМІСАРІАТУ “УКРАЇНА” (ЛІТО 1941 – ЗИМА 1942)
Authors: ГОНЧАРЕНКО Олексій , ПОТИЛЬЧАК Олександр
Published: April 2021

Анотація. Мета дослідження – проаналізувати нормативно-правовий вплив тимчасової військової адміністрації (далі – ТВА) та керівництва Райхскомісаріату “Україна” (далі – РКУ), який спрямовувався на дотримання місцевим населенням окупованої України правомірної поведінки. Методологія дослідження опирається на застосування принципів системності, науковості та історизму, а також таких методів наукового пізнання як аналіз, синтез та порівняння. Наукова новизна полягає у проведеному аналізі нормативних заходів окупаційних адміністрацій у забезпеченні місцевим населенням правомірної поведінки. Висновки. Після успішної окупації частини українських земель, здійсненої військами Німеччини в 1941 р. перед окупаційною адміністрацією постала проблема нормативного забезпечення дотриманням місцевим населенням правомірної поведінки. Тому, важливим елементом роботи окупаційних адміністрацій РКУ і ТВА стало створення повноцінної нормативно-правової бази на основі застосування якої і здійснювався вплив на правомірну поведінку окупованого суспільства. У перший період окупації, до появи сталої нормативної бази німецька адміністрація застосовувала принцип поєднання, а подекуди й «накладання» двох правових систем – радянської та гітлерівської. Виняток становили  закони, які заперечували факт окупації, а також випадки у яких німецькі нормативні приписи безпосередньо відміняли певні радянські правові норми. Майже аналогічні звернення повторила і адміністрація РКУ, яка прийшла на місце ТВА. Фактично нормативними актами ТВА та РКУ відмінялось радянське законодавство у частині державного устрою, політичного режиму, виборчої системи, але продовжували діяти окремі приписи галузей матеріального права. Зустрівшись із проблемами  нестачі нормативно-правової бази з врегулювання правовідносин всередині окупованого соціуму управлінці ТВА та РКУ пішли шляхом застосування частини нормативної бази, яка діяла в Третьому Райху. У середині 1942 р. адміністрацією РКУ було створено окремий нормативний акт, який врегульовував кримінальні покарання тих представників місцевого населення, які вчиняли дрібні злочини та правопорушення. У цей же період в РКУ з'явилося розпорядження, яким врегульовувалися сімейні та частково цивільні правовідносини місцевого населення. У зоні ж ТВА ці перетворення так і не були проведені. Керівники кожної із польових військових комендатур видавали власні нормативно-правові акти, жодним чином їх не кодифікуючи та не узгоджуючи між собою.
РОЛЬ ПРАВОСЛАВНОГО ПАРАФІЯЛЬНОГО ДУХОВЕНСТВА У ПРОВЕДЕННІ СЕЛЯНСЬКОЇ РЕФОРМИ 1861 Р. (НА МАТЕРІАЛАХ КИЇВСЬКОЇ ГУБЕРНІЇ)
Authors: ТАЦІЄНКО Віталій , ТАЦІЄНКО Наталія
Published: April 2021

Анотація. Мета дослідження – з’ясування на матеріалах Київської губернії ролі православного парафіяльного духовенства у впровадженні селянської реформи 1861 р. Методологія дослідження включає головні принципи системності, науковості, історизму, а також використання загальнонаукових методів аналізу, синтезу, узагальнення, порівняння. Наукова новизна роботи полягає у тому, що автори, використовуючи опубліковані та раніше невживані архівні джерела, матеріали періодичних видань, на прикладі Київської губернії показали значення православного парафіяльного духовенства у проведенні селянської реформи 1861 р. Висновки. В ході реалізації селянської реформи влада активно використовувала одержавлену Православну церкву для ідеологічної підтримки, адже її вплив на населення був значним. Діяльність парафіяльних священно- і церковнослужителів регламентувалась інструкціями центральної церковної та єпархіальної адміністрацій, які погрожуючи “суворою відповідальністю”, вимагали уникати довільного, а тим більше невірного пояснення маніфесту. В церковній періодиці (“Киевских епархиальных ведомостях”, “Руководстве для сельских пастырей”) для священнослужителів публікувалися зразки проповідей, присвячених цій суто світській події. Православному духовенству ставилось у обов’язок формувати позитивну оцінку аграрним перетворенням, сприяти “правильному” розумінню селянством реформи, виконанню повинностей на користь поміщиків, подавати її як турботу імператора. Особливо важливим завданням, яке зобов’язувалися виконувати парафіяльні священнослужителі, була боротьба з протестними настроями серед селянства, яке виявляло незадоволення грабіжницьким характером аграрних перетворень 1861 р. Православна церква, будучи частиною державного апарату, досить успішно виконувала завдання, що полягали у схваленні та благословінні селянської реформи, чого від неї так вимагала влада.

Ключові слова: селянська реформа 1861 р., православне духовенство, поміщик, Київська губернія.
ВАСИЛЬ НАЗАРОВИЧ КАРАЗІН: ІСТОРИЧНИЙ ПОРТРЕТ НА ТЛІ ЕПОХИ
Authors: ХРІДОЧКІН Андрій , МАКУШЕВ Петро
Published: April 2021

Анотація. Актуальність дослідження. Актуальність досліджуваної проблеми зумовлена потребою у здійсненні рівномірного висвітлення біографії Каразіна, в якій відображені раніше недостатньо вивчені сторінки його життя. При характеристиці суспільно-політичних поглядів Каразіна значно розширено коло досліджуваних аспектів його світогляду. Мета дослідження. Мета статті полягає у висвітленні життєвого шляху відомого політичного і громадського діяча, вченого першої половини ХІХ ст. Василя Назаровича Каразіна, дослідженні фактів і висвітленні прогалин в його біографії, окресленні основних віх життя і творчості, аналізі його основних наукових досягнень та їх значення для нащадків. Методи дослідження. Головними методами дослідження даної проблеми є хронологічний, історико-генетичний, порівняльно-історичний, історико-типологічний, синхронний, біографічний та просопографічний підходи. Результати дослідження. У статті висвітлено біографію Каразіна, яка відображає основні етапи формування його світогляду. Розкрито особливості соціальних і економічних поглядів Каразіна, що зумовили своєрід­ність трактування ним важливих політичних питань щодо державного устрою, ролі державної влади в розвитку економічної, політичної і ідеологічної галузей. Розкриті зміст і мотивація діяльності Каразіна як поміщика і засновника ряду громадських організацій того часу. Практична значимість. Одержані у статті результати можуть бути використані при дослідженні джерел формування ідеології консерватизму XIX ст., ступеню засвоєння нею положень прогресивної суспільної думки та характеру використання західноєвропейських суспільно-політичних теорій, ролі консервативно налаштованих дворян в суспільному русі, послідовності їх ідей і політики правлячих кіл.

Ключові слова: адміністративна діяльність, винахідницька діяльність, громадська діяльність, Каразін, реформаторські проекти, селянське питання, суспільно-політичні погляди, Харківський університет.
«КОЛИ ЧОЛОВІКИ РОЗІЙШЛИСЯ ПО ВСЬОМУ СВІТУ ЗА ШМАТКОМ ХЛІБА...» ЕМІГРАЦІЯ РУСИНІВ-УКРАЇНЦІВ ІЗ ПІВНІЧНО-СХІДНОЇ СЛОВАЧЧИНИ В 1870–1940 РР.
Authors: Шміґель Міхал , Тишляр Павол
Published: April 2021

Анотація. Мета дослідження полягає в розкритті причин та імпульсів міграційних рухів русинів-українців з території (сьогоднішньої) Словаччини в період 1870 – 1940 рр. та в аналізі розмірів їх еміграції відносно популяційного розвитку меншини, а також формування популяційного клімату в загальному контексті еміграційних хвиль зі Словаччини та Підкарпатської Русі. Методологія дослідження ґрунтується на принципах історизму, науковості, авторської об’єктивності, поміркованого наративного конструктивізму та використання спеціально-історичних (статистичних, історико-типологічних, історико-системових тощо) і загальнонаукових (аналіз, синтез тощо) методів. Наукова новизна: Питання міграційних рухів населення Словаччини і, зокрема, питання міграції русинів-українців в період з 1870-х рр. – у першій половині XX ст. є відносно широкою та досі відкритою темою. Хоча велика кількість історичних праць була присвячена еміграції словаків, не можна це сказати про проблему еміграції русинів-українців зі Словаччини. Висновки. Еміграція (постійнa чи тимчасовa) русинів-українців зі Словаччини у багатьох випадках розділяла сім'ї та розріджувала територіальне розселення меншини. Її наслідки ще й досівідчуває русино-українське населення у Словаччині. Міграція тисяч економічно активних людей за роботою за кордон з економічно відсталого тааграрнo переповненого регіону в останній третині ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст.. та в міжвоєнні 1920 – 1930 рр. означав, що популяція русинів та українців у Словаччині під впливом міграції тривалий час стагнувала, а під впливом політичної напруженості наприкінці 1930-х рр. набула статистично занепадаючий характер.

Ключові слова:русини та українці в Словаччині, міграція, популяційнийрозвитoк, популяційнийклімат, демографічні процеси, населення Словаччини, еміграція зі Словаччини.
Cu-ZnO Nanostructures Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Saif T. Abdulredha  , Nadia A. Abdulrahman
Published: April 2021

5wt% copper doped zinc oxide (Cu-ZnO) nanostructures were prepared via the hydrothermal technique at different temperatures of 70, 100, 130, 160 and 190oC.  UV spectroscopy, FE-SEM microscopy, XRD crystallography, and EDS measurements were used for nanostructure characterization. UV spectroscopy indicated a red shift for the absorption peaks, and hence a blue shift for the energy gap values, as temperature increased from 70 to 190oC. FE-SEM microscopy showed an increase in the average lengths and diameters of the nanostructures following a similar increase in temperature. XRD crystallography indicated decent structural patterns for Cu-ZnO nanostructures with an increase in crystallite size upon temperature increase. Interestingly, three unprecedented extra indices appeared in the structural pattern at 190oC, which might indicate a configuration of hexagonal crystallite with three extra planes. EDS measurements indicated the sole presence of Cu, Zn and O.
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Dechlorinated Water Samples
Authors: Sule Ismaila Olawale  , Bello Hussein Adoto
Published: April 2021

Chlorination has been the method of choice for disinfecting water used for drinking purposes. However, some stressed bacteria during chlorination are able to recover and alter the potability of water. This study assessed the recovery of stressed bacteria in dechlorinated water. Ten chlorinated water samples were collected from different points within Ilorin metropolis, Kwara, Nigeria. The samples (100ml) were dechlorinated with 0.1ml of 11.4mM sodium thiosulphate solution. The physicochemical characteristics of the chlorinated water samples were determined while bacteriological analyses were carried out on both chlorinated and dechlorinated water samples. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using disc diffusion method. The physicochemical characteristics of the water samples ranged as follow: pH 7.3-8.4, chloride content 4.37-6.85 mg/l, suspended solids 0.004-0.017 g/100ml, and total hardness 30-72mg/l. The chlorinated water samples had bacterial, total, and faecal coliform counts ranging from 1.0 × 101 – 1.9 × 104cfu/ml, 0 – 480 MPN/100ml, and zero, respectively. The dechlorinated water sample had corresponding counts of 5.4 × 102 – 7.36 × 104cfu/ml, 6 - 1100 MPN/100ml, and 0 – 380 MPN/100ml. A total of eleven bacterial species belonging to the genera Bacillus, Burkholderia, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Serratia, and Streptococcus were isolated. Not lower than 60% of the bacterial isolates were susceptible to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. All the isolates exhibited multiple antibiotic resistances.  The antibiotic resistance pattern of an isolate of Citrobacter freundii to cefuroxime, cefixime, and gentamycin changed remarkably and was plasmid-mediated, while that of E. coli and Enterobacter agglomerans remained unchanged to all the antibiotics and was non-plasmid mediated. Chlorination of water at the point of use is recommended. It is concluded that chlorination is essential in order to prevent reactivation of stressed bacteria during distribution and prevent infection by bacteria with high multiple antibiotic resistance index.
Incidence of mental disorders in the population of municipal areas of the Сhelyabinsk region in the remote period after accidental radioactive contamination
Authors: Burtovaia E. Y. , Akleyev A. V. , Barkovskaia L. P. , Kantina T. E. , Litvinchuk E. A.
Published: April 2021

Relevance. Both Russian and foreign researchers pay attention to the mental disorders in people with a history of accidental radiation exposure. A wide range of mental pathologies have been observed among the Chernobyl NPP clean-up workers, victims of the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi NPP, etc.Intention – To assess primary incidence of mental disorders and behavioral disorders in residents of the municipal areas of the Chelyabinsk region affected by radioactive contamination.Methodology. Primary incidence rates of mental disorders and behavioral disorders (F00–09, F20–99 ICD-10) were assessed for the period from 2005 to 2018 in residents of municipal areas of the Chelyabinsk regions (Kunashaksky, Krasnoarmeysky, Argayashsky, Kaslinsky, Sosnovsky districts) affected by radioactive contamination in 1949–1951 and 1957 as a result of the activities of the “Mayak” production association. These data were compared to that from non-contaminated Etkulsky district with similar population and economic activity. Mental disorders were classified according to the groups of the chapter V “Mental and behavioral disorders” of the International Classification of Diseases of the 10th revision (ICD-10). Incidence was calculated per 10 thousand population (0/000). Descriptive analysis of the registered primary incidence of mental disorders in residents of these districts of the Chelyabinsk region is presented.Results and discussion. The primary incidence rate of mental disorders in the Chelyabinsk region (49.1 ± 3.6) 0/000 significantly (p < 0.001) exceeds those in the Sverdlovsk (30.3 ± 4.2), Kurgan (30.2 ± 6.9) 0/000 regions and overall estimates for the Russian Federation (32.9 ± 3.8) 0/000 . In the remote period, primary incidence rates of mental disorders in the residents of some radioactively contaminated districts were higher vs Etkulsky district, but significantly lower than overall rates in the Chelyabinsk region (p < 0.001). Taking into account the territorial distribution of the exposed residents and their offspring in the Chelyabinsk region, mental retardation in residents of the Kunashak district should be closely monitored.Conclusion. Mental morbidity in areas accidentally contaminated more than 70 years ago now reflects the general trend of deterioration in the mental health of the population of the Chelyabinsk region. It can be assumed that the incidence of mental disorders in the population of the Chelyabinsk region is determined by a constellation of interacting factors (socio-economic, personal-psychological, radiation, informational and others), among which socially determined mechanisms of the mental pathology prevail.
Personal respiratory protective equipment: development of patenting and structure of inventions in the world (2000–2019)
Authors: Evdokimov V. I.
Published: April 2021

Relevance.When working in hazardous conditions, eliminating accidents, fires and emergencies, personal respiratory protective equipment (RPE) helps optimize working capacity and preserve the health of workers and the population. The use of RPE is especially important in epidemics spreading by airborne droplets, i.e. in the pandemic of the coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2.Intention.To analyze the development of patenting and types of inventions in the field of RPE in the world over 20 years from 2000 to 2019.Methodology.The object of the research was patents for inventions, in which headings included the types of respirators and gas masks according to the International Patent Classification (IPC). It should be noted that this classification is somewhat different from that adopted in Russia. Clarivate Analytics’ Derwent Innovations patent database was searched.Results and Discussion.The created search mode made it possible to find 5006 responses to patents for inventions, in which IPC headings were presented by types of respirators and gas masks. Annually, (250 ± 11) inventions with IPC headings by RPE type were paternted worldwide. The dynamics of patenting inventions resembles an inverted U-curve with maximum rates in 2014–2015 and some decrease in the last observation period. The largest contribution to the total array of inventions by RPE type was made by patent families affiliated with the United States (43.9 %), South Korea (22 %), Japan (21.2 %), China (19 %) and the European Patent Office (18.7 %). The structure of the analyzed inventions in the world included RPEs with compressed oxygen or air (7.5 %), with breathing-controlled valves dosing the supply of oxygen or air (4.4 %), with liquid oxygen (0.9 %), with oxygen-releasing chemicals (11.3 %), with filtering elements (20.6 %), hose (2.4 %), for high-altitude aircrafts (4.8%). RPE masks and RPE helmets accounted for 44.1 % and 4 %, respectively. There were regional differences in the patenting of inventions by RPE types.Conclusion.There were quite many domestic inventions on RPE with oxygen-releasing chemicals and with filter elements; the overall contribution of patented inventions in Russia for all RPE types was 6% of the total array.
Disease-related stress coping and quality of life in patients with surgically treated spinal tumors
Authors: Shchelkova O. Yu. , Isurina G. L. , Usmanova E. B. , Iakovleva M. V. , Valiev A. K. , Kulaga A. V.
Published: April 2021

Relevance. The relevance is determined by the need to study quality of life over time in patients with spinal tumors during surgical treatment, as well as to study relationships between quality of life and psychological characteristics, including those responsible for adaptation to a disease, i.e. coping mechanisms (coping strategies and resources).Intention. To study the dynamics of the main quality-of-life parameters in patients with spinal tumors in the perioperative period, as well as to assess relationships between quality-of-life parameters and the psychological mechanisms of disease-related stress coping.Methodology. Quality-of-life parameters were studied over time (before and after surgery) in 62 patients with various spinal tumors (average age 55 years; 22 males [35.5 %]) treated at the Department of Vertebral Surgery of N.N. Blokhin National Research Center of Oncology. The relationships were studied between patients’ quality of life in the early postoperative period and their disease-related stress coping strategies and resources. The following tests were used: the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36), questionnaires for studying Quality of Life in oncological disease (QLQ C-30), spine tumors (SOSG OQ), the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ), the Big Five Personality Test and the Purpose-in-Life Test.Results and Discussion. 23 of 29 studied quality-of-life parameters improved statistically significantly or tended to improve in the post- vs preoperative period, including the general index of health and quality of life, physical, emotional, social and cognitive activity, as well as symptoms of somatic distress (except an increased index of neurological dysfunction). Relationships were revealed between quality-of-life parameters and all the coping-related psychodiagnostic indices (except the “Extraversion” scale). Higher quality-of-life indices positively correlated with mature personality (internality, activity, meaningful goals, seeking social support, etc.). Less mature personality and less effective coping strategies were associated with more pronounced somatic symptoms and their impact on the quality of life in patients.Conclusion. The results of this study can help develop more targeted and individualized programs of psychological assistance and social rehabilitation for patients with spinal tumors.
Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Modal Sosial Masyarakat Lokal di Kelurahan Limau Manis Selatan Kecamatan Pauh, Kota Padang
Authors: Putri Indah Adi , Rosyidi Bakaruddin , Zetra Aidinil , Asrinaldi Asrinaldi , Valentina Tengku Rika , Tamrin Tamrin , Anggraini Dewi , Fajri Mhd. , Rahmadi Didi
Published: April 2021

Tulisan ini membahas tentang pentingnya modal sosial ditengah – tengah masyarakat. Modal sosial secara sederhana dapat diartikan sebagai sebuah ikatan – ikatan sosial. Ikatan – ikatan sosial tersebut muncul karena adanya kepercayaan dan jaringan sosial. Pada realitanya, ikatan sosial ini belum dan kurang dimanfaatkan dengan baik. Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Limau Manis Selatan, Kecamatan Pauh Kota Padang. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan program pengabdian kepada adalah pendekatan partisipatif atau Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). Dalam pengabdian ini ditemukan beberapa hal yakni pertama, Modal sosial akan hancur jika tidak ada tabayun/ cek dan ricek terhadap setiap perkembangan atau informasi baru. Kedua, modal sosial akan kuat jika tujuan bersama diketahui dan disepakati semua elemen masyarakat. Ketiga, semua pihak harus memiliki niat dan motivasi yang sama. Keempat, dalam masyarakat akan ada kelompok kelompok yang memiliki masalah masalah, setiap kelompok memiliki aturan yang harus dipatuhi, sepanjang aturan diikuti, maka organisasi atau kelompok akan terus berjalan. Kelima, untuk kekompakan masyarakat, harus mengikuti keputusan bersama. Keenam, hilangkan rasa curiga dan kesombongan pribadi.
Pelatihan Kader Posyandu Balita di Korong Sungai Jilatang, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman
Authors: Oktarina Sri , Antoni Agustika
Published: April 2021

Posyandu is one form of Community Based Health Efforts (UKBM) managed from, by, for and with communities, to empower and provide convenience to the public in obtaining basic health services. Korong Sungai Jilatang has two Posyandu facilities with the number of infants and toddlers approximately 90 people. The results of interview with cadres, it is known that the cadre lacks basic knowledge about health as well as less skilled in providing counseling. Since 2009, cadres in these two posyandu have never received any refresher. The purpose of dedication is to optimize posyandu in Korong Sungai Jilatang, improve cadre skills in anthropometry measurement, improve cadre skill in motivating mother to come to posyandu and do counseling to mother of toddler. Techniques of the implementation of this devotional activity by lecture, discussion and training and followed by evaluation. The result of this devotion activity is increasing knowledge, attitude and skill of cadre in management of Posyandu. The high level of participation of program partners in the extension program, anthropometric measurement training and KMS/KIA book filling went well. This program was able to produce the outcomes expected by this community service program. Based on the results of this activity the following suggestions may be given to varied activities in posyandu to encourage mothers to bring their babies and babies to posyandu such as the availability of simple games that can be made from locally available resources. Should be changed position in the stages of activity, for example in this month activity doing registration activity, at posyandu next in the weighing section so that cadres do not experience boredom and still able to train skill.
Pelatihan Kewirausahaan Berbasis Iptek untuk Membina Ibu Rumah Tangga yang Produktif di Kelurahan Lolong-Belanti, Padang
Authors: Fithri Prima , Susanti Lusi , Meilani Difana , Rahmawati Suci , Rahmi Ulfa Nadiatur
Published: April 2021

The polemic of unemployed women is getting worse because in choosing a job, women often think about work that does not interfere with their routine as housewives. In addition, there is also a labor market that does not accept female workers, either single or married, for reasons that are sometimes illogical. Even though the abilities and skills of women are no less good and there are no differences with men. This is also a major factor why many women are unemployed. As a result, it becomes a factor of poverty. Given the importance of this problem, it is necessary to implement ways to overcome them, especially in reducing the number unemployment. The solution to this problem is quite easy, as long as it is given a job, the unemployment problem will be resolved. However, in practice it is not that easy. To open new jobs requires substantial funds, in addition to funds, it is necessary to provide entrepreneurship training for the unemployed so that the unemployed have skills capital in the world of work to be involved. As a scientific discipline, entrepreneurship can be studied and taught, so that every individual has the opportunity to appear as an entrepreneur (entrepreneur). Even to be a successful entrepreneur, having talent is not enough, you also need to have knowledge of all aspects of the business that you will be engaged in. The tasks of entrepreneurship are very many, including the task of making decisions, technical leadership, and leadership, therefore facilities and infrastructure are needed, one of which is education.
Pelatihan Penulisan Artikel Populer di Media Massa sebagai Alasan Sosial
Authors: Setyaka Virtuous , Awalina Rahmi , Ratni Eli
Published: April 2021

Social reason means because there are people or society who should benefit from what is done. The knowledge possessed by lecturers or academics must be used for society. One of the ways to make this knowledge accessible to the public is that lecturers or academics must write it down in the mass media. Mass media is a term that began to be used in the 1920s for a type of media designed to reach a very broad community, often shortened to media. An article published in the mass media is usually referred to as a popular article. The problem is that not every lecturer or academician is able to write popular articles to be published in the mass media. That is why training in writing popular articles was necessary and important to be held, including for lecturers or academics at Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The training was attended by 72 registered lecturers from various faculties: Medicine, Pharmacy, Economics, Dentistry, Humanities, Mathematics and Natural Sciences (MIPA), Public Health, Information Technology, Agriculture, Agricultural Technology, Nursing, Social and Political Sciences (ISIP), and Animal Science.
Pelatihan Teknik Budidaya Mencit Putih (Mus musculus L.) sebagai Peluang Usaha Kreatif kepada Siswa SMAN 5 Bukittinggi
Authors: Santoso Putra , Rahayu Resti , Jannatan Robby
Published: April 2021

A marked increase in demand for white mice (Mus musclulus L., mammals) in the Indonesian market has been attributed to the price soar, while the availability of mice with a standardized quality remains very limited. Considering such condition, a business focusing on standardized farm of white mice should be actively socialized to younger people thereby elevating their enthusiasm in the entrepreneurship. This community service program aimed to provide insights as well as to train the basic skills in white mouse farming for students of the National High School Number 5 Bukittinggi. The program has been carried out for one day in the Biology Department, Andalas University with 45 participants. We deployed the lectures and hands-on practice on the aspects of white mouse farming. All participants have directly practiced various principle techniques in mice farming such as handling, sexing, mating, and raising brooders. This activity has increased the interest of the participants in such creative business. In the future, some efforts should be made to ensure the sustainability of the program by involving the participants from other schools, teachers and unemployed youth in West Sumatra.
Upaya Penanggulangan Pandemi Covid-19 di Panti Asuhan Al-Falah, Padang
Authors: Refinel Refinel , Emriadi Emriadi , Safni Safni , Efdi Mai , Syukri Syukri , Suryati Suryati , Salim Marniati , Imelda Imelda , Irawan Ibnu , Arwanda Putri
Published: April 2021

The Islamic Boarding School and Orphanage Al-Falah Padang are located on Bypass Km 16, behind the West Sumatra TVRI office. Al-Falah Boarding School has 367 students, 265 of them are foster children in the Orphanage. Inadequate construction and classrooms, the students and foster children of the Islamic Boarding School and the Al-Falah Orphanage studied and lived their daily lives. The occurrence of the Covid-19 pandemic certainly affected the daily activities and learning activities of the orphanage children. Especially, the fulfillment of their basic needs. Moreover, the main problem of Covid-19 is not only about the effects by the virus on sufferers but also about its rapid transmission. Therefore, to help the crisis due to Covid-19, several lecturers and students from the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Andalas (Unand) provided staple foods, money, masks, hand sanitizers, and disinfectants for residents of the Al-Falah Padang orphanage. It is hoped that can help the residents of the Al-Falah orphanage who certainly feel the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Perancangan Website untuk Desa Mayangan sebagai Media Informasi dan Promosi
Authors: Shulthoni Moch , Roziq Ahmad , Hisamuddin Nur , Yuliati Lilis
Published: April 2021

The tourism sector is one of the potential sectors to be developed in modern times, but not all tourist attractions can develop well. One of the factors that cause tourist attractions is the lack of promotion or delivery of information to tourists. The development of the internet is now increasingly advanced so that it is widely used by tourist site managers as a medium of information and promotion. Mayangan Village, Gumukmas District, Jember Regency has the potential to further develop. For this reason, it is necessary to take advantage of the internet by designing the Mayangan village website as a medium for information and promotion. The purpose of this service is to provide knowledge and ability of village officials in managing the Mayangan Village website. The method used is to provide education, training and assistance to create a Mayangan Village Government Website on a continuous basis. The result of this service is designing a website using data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observations, and literature studies. While the software used in designing the Mayangan Village website uses XAMPP, DreamweaverCS 5.5, Adobe Photoshop Photoshop5 and uses programming languages such as HTML, PHP, CSS, Java Script, and JQuery. The implementation of this website is accompanied by blackbox testing. In addition, the website of Mayangan Village, Gumukmas District, Jember Regency was created to inform various natural resources that can be used as tourist destinations. The information presented is expected to make it easier for people to travel. This website is expected to help increase the tourism promotion of Mayangan Village so that it can develop.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Desinfektan dan Hand Sanitizer di Kelurahan Seberang Padang, Kecamatan Padang Selatan
Authors: Yusuf Yulizar , Aziz Hermansyah , Santoni Adlias , Syukri Syukri , Jamarun Novesar , Arifin Bustanul , Tetra Olly Norita , Ferdinal Norman , Alif Matlal Fajri
Published: April 2021

Kelurahan Seberang Padang, Kecamatan Padang Selatan merupakan wilayah yang berada di sebelah Kota Padang yang memiliki lebih kurang 200 KK yang terdiri atas 5 RT. Lokasi ini merupakan daerah pelintasan antara Padang-Painan. Ditinjau dari pasar tradisional terdiri dari 2 lokasi dan banyak terdapat warung-warung yang menjual kebutuhan sehari-hari. Disamping itu juga terdapat 1 gedung SD, 2 gedung SMP, dan 1 gedung SMA (PGRI). Terjadinya pandemi global Covid-19 tentu saja berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas sehari-hari maupun kegiatan pembelajaran dari anak-anak, SD, SMP, dan SMA serta masyarakat di kelurahan tersebut untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan pokok mereka. Apalagi masalah utama dari Covid-19 tidak hanya tentang akibat yang ditimbulkan oleh virus terhadap penderita tapi juga tentang penularannya yang sangat cepat. Oleh karena itu untuk mengedukasi warga masyarakat yang ada di sekitar kelurahan Seberang Padang maka beberapa Dosen Kimia FMIPA Unand dengan bantuan beberapa orang mahasiswa telah melaksanakan pelatihan kepada warga masyarakat tentang pembuatan desinfektan dan hand sanitizer yang bisa mengatasi terjadinya penularan Covid-19, selain itu juga diberikan bantuan masker dan sembako bagi warga yang kurang mampu di masing-masing RT.
Pengolahan Minyak Jelantah Menjadi Sabun Cuci sebagai Upaya Pengurangan Limbah Dapur Rumah Tangga
Authors: Wellyalina Wellyalina , Hanida Rozidateno Putri , Eros Donny , Awalina Rahmi
Published: April 2021

Penggunaan minyak jelantah dalam bidang kuliner oleh masyarakat berakibat buruk untuk kesehatan manusia, karena minyak jenis ini bersifat karsinogenik akibat dari mudahnya teroksidasi saat dipanaskan. Disamping itu, jika minyak jelantah menjadi limbah yang berasal dari dapur rumah tangga, maka akan memberikan dampak negatif terhadap bumi berupa pencemaran lingkungan. Pemanfaatan teknologi sederhana mampu membantu proses daur ulang minyak jelantah menjadi sabun cuci, yang produknya juga bisa dipakai untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari rumah tangga oleh masyarakat. Tim pengabdian kepada masyarakat Unand telah melakukan pelatihan tersebut melalui workshop online berbasis Zoom aplikasi pada tanggal 4 Juni 2020, yang diikuti oleh 133 orang peserta. Narasumber mengolah minyak jelantah dengan larutan NaOH dan pewarna alami (sesuai dosis) secara langsung di depan peserta, dan peserta mempraktekkannya di rumah masing-masing. Diskusi antara peserta dan narasumber dilakukan secara interaktif yang dipandu oleh seorang moderator workshop. Di akhir sesi, baik narasumber maupun peserta sudah bisa saling memperagakan sabun cuci hasil daur ulang minyak jelantah dari dapur mereka masing-masing. Tindak lanjut dari kegiatan adalah pembuatan dan pengelolaan grup WhatsApp sebagai wadah komunikasi secara daring dengan topik terkait. Peserta pelatihan semakin kreatif untuk memproduksi sabun cuci, yang bisa dimanfaatkan untuk keluarga, sehingga mengurangi pengeluaran harian. Disarankan bahwa produk sabun cuci terbaik yang dihasilkan juga bisa dipasarkan untuk masyarakat.
EXPANSIÓN DE LA PROTECCIÓN DE DERECHOS HUMANOS EN LATINOAMÉRICA POR EL CONTROL DIFUSO DE CONVENCIONALIDAD
Authors: Lazcano Alfonso Jaime Martínez
Published: April 2021

Los jueces de Latinoamérica están obligados a realizar un cambio de paradigma, en la manera de comprender, aplicar e interpretar el derecho, por la exigencia del control difuso de convencionalidad, que implica un canje dinámico y extensivo de la protección de los derechos humanos, porque las normas convencionales han penetrado en el derecho positivo de los Estados parte de los sistemas regionales y de la Organización de la Naciones Unidas, lo que es un reto para las jurisdicciones internas que por mucho tiempo se limitaron a desarrollar su actividad en un circuito jurídico cerrado y rígido. La evolución del control difuso de convencionalidad transforma a los jueces nacionales en los primeros guardianes de las normas convencionales de derechos humanos, y es ésta la única forma real, ante las precarias posibilidades de que la mayoría de los problemas lleguen a la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. El control difuso de convencionalidad tiene su fundamento en la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos y en la jurisprudencia interamericana, la cual ha sido esencial para entender el impacto.
LA CONSTITUCIONALIZACIÓN DEL DERECHO: DEBATES EN TORNO A LA INTERPRETACIÓN PRINCIPIOLÓGICA DE LAS NORMAS JURÍDICAS
Authors: Torres Dennis José Almanza
Published: April 2021

La constitucionalización del derecho es un fenómeno presente en la mayoría de ordenamientos jurídicos de nuestro continente; sin embargo, este proceso, bastante celebrado en diferentes países, trae diversos asuntos que merecen ser analizados. En el presente trabajo, discutiremos el proceso de constitucionalización del derecho, para demostrar algunos riesgos que la interpretación principiológica, predominante en los estados constitucionalizados, trae consigo.
O EFEITO DA DEMOCRACIA NOS CONSELHOS DE DIREITOS MUNICIPAIS DAS CRIANÇAS E DOS ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Souza Ismael Francisco de , Borges Fabiana Koinaski
Published: April 2021

O artigo busca demonstrar a importância da democracia participativa para a constituição do Estado Democrático de Direito, estando nos Conselhos de Direitos Municipais da Criança e do Adolescente concentrada a participação da sociedade civil na tomada de decisões, necessitando para a efetivação da proteção integral da infância e adolescência maior capacitação dos conselheiros de direitos, infraestrutura adequada, controle do Estado, implementação de políticas públicas, utilização dos recursos disponibilizados para o desenvolvimento e execução das  matérias deliberadas, entre outras medidas necessárias para o real cumprimento do caráter deliberativo atribuído aos Conselhos Gestores. Inicialmente trata-se do processo de conquista pela democracia no país e a consequente ampliação dos caminhos de participação em busca de concepções emancipatórias. Considerando essa conquista democrática, faz-se no segundo tópico uma exposição da participação expressada nos Conselhos Gestores, para logo adiante apresentar o efeito da democracia nos Conselhos de Direitos Municipais da Criança e do Adolescente, momento este em que é demonstrada a importância da previsão de instituição de  Conselhos de Direitos para o público infantil e adolescente. Ao final são apontados os desafios da participação na concretização dos direitos fundamentais das crianças e dos adolescentes, visto que a garantia legal de participação nos espaços deliberativos não é indicativo de que as deliberações são realmente executadas ou que há uma efetiva participação dos conselheiros nessa essencial tarefa. O método adotado foi o dedutivo com abordagem jurídica do historicismo crítico e técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica, e, tendo o direito positivo a fonte principal da interpretação.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, LAW AND THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Divino Sthéfano Bruno Santos
Published: April 2021

This paper has the following research problem: how can Artificial Intelligence (AI) contribute to the achievement of the goals of Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development? In order to satisfy the problem, the first section aims to address the relationship between AI and SDG. Among the objectives that can be most influenced by technologies, both positively and negatively, are the SDG's that have water, health, agriculture, and education as their guideline. This approach will be achieved through the description and demonstration of reports provided by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The second section of the report criticizes the reduction or eradication of adverse effects that AI can have on society. A case study from countries such as China, the United Kingdom, and Canada is used as a guideline since they have a strong influence on the scenario addressed. To this end, deductive and integrated research methods are used, as well as the technique of case study research. In the end, it is shown that AI is an essential factor in the equation posed by Agenda 2030, provided it is duly observed and regulated. Bibliographical research and the integrated research method will be used