bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN KELUHAN MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSDS) DENGAN KUALITAS HIDUP PEKERJA PENGGILINGAN KETELA DI CV NIAT MULIA PATI
Authors: Nofita Sinta , Handayani Prita Adisty , Solechan Achmad
Published: August 2023

ABSTRAK

Musculoskeletal disorders merupakan keluhan pada bagian otot skeletal yang dapat dirasakan oleh tenaga kerja mulai dari keluhan sangat ringan sampai dengan rasa sangat sakit. Faktor yang mempengaruhi Musculoskeletal disorders faktor lingkungan, faktor individu, faktor pekerjaan. Jenis Musculoskeletal disorders nyeri leher, nyeri bahu, nyeri punggung. Kualitas hidup merupakan suatu persepsi individu mengenai tentang kesehatan fisik, sosial, psikologis. Domain kualitas hidup kesehatan fisik, kesehatan psikologis, hubungan sosial, hubungan dengan lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan keluhan musculoskeletal disorders dengan kualitas hidup di penggilingan ketela. Design penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Dengan jumlah sampel 45 responden pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner Nordic Body Map dan World Health Organization Quality of Life Bref Version (WHOQoL-BREF). Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Berdasarkan uji chi-square didapatkan hasil 0.049 < 0.05 yang memiliki makna terdapat hubungan signifikan antara keluhan musculoskeletal disorders dengan kualitas hidup pekerja. kesehatan fisik dapat mempengaruhi keluhan musculoskeletal disorders karena aspek dari kesehatan fisik dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan individu untuk melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari yang menyebabkan individu kelelahan dan kelemahan fisik, jika seseorang mengalamai kesehatan fisik yang menurun maka dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidupnya. Sedangkan aspek psikologis seseorang pada saat bekerja memiliki beban pikiran yang menyebabkan hilangnya kosentrasi dalam bekerja dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan psikologisnyaRekomendasi dari peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan dapat mengembangkan intervensi untuk mengatasi MSDS sehingga kualitas hidup pekerja meningkat.

Kata Kunci : Musculoskeletal disorders, Kualitas Hidup, Pekerja
Using head, pectoral girdle bones and otoliths to estimate length and weight of Argentine anchovy (Engraulis anchoita), a key species in Patagonian marine ecosystem
Authors: Fernández Santiago J. , Ibarra Cynthia , Navoa Ximena , Ciancio Javier E.
Published: August 2023

The Argentine anchovy, Engraulis anchoita, plays a vital role as a key prey species for several marine predators in the north Patagonian marine ecosystem of the Atlantic Ocean. Reconstructing the length and weight of each consumed specimen is essential to provide a detailed description of the trophic ecology of top marine predators. Predictive linear regression equations were calculated for the Patagonian stock of Argentine anchovy to estimate parameters of length-weight relationships using measurements of whole individuals and diagnostic elements such as otoliths, head bones and pectoral fin bones. Among the diagnostic elements analyzed, the cleithrum and dentary exhibited the best fit. This study validates the use of head and pectoral girdle bones as reliable indicators for predicting the weight and length of Argentine anchovy across a wide size range, which corresponds to the target range of various predators. These relationships can contribute to the determination of body condition, estimation of consumed biomass, and calculation of energy density, providing valuable insights into the trophic ecology of predators in the southern Atlantic Ocean.
An Empirical Study of the Key Profitability Factors of Interest-free Banking vs. Conventional Banking in the MENA Region Following the 2008 Financial Crisis
Authors: Bouarich Mariam
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The stability of any economy is closely tied to the stability of its banking sector, necessitating continuous evaluation and efficiency enhancement. The recent emergence of Interest-free banking in the MENA region and globally has seen rapid growth, attracting global interest. However, limited research has compared the financial performance of this new type of banking with conventional banks, particularly in the MENA region. To address this gap, this study aims to measure and compare the financial performance of 55 conventional banks and 26 interest-free banks across the MENA region from 2008 to 2014, using the CAMELS rating system. Descriptive statistics will be employed to analyze time series data, followed by the One-Way ANOVA analysis to identify significant differences between the two banking systems. Pearson’s correlation coefficient will be used to assess correlations among independent variables and test for multi-collinearity problems. Ultimately, the fixed-effects model will determine how internal factors like capital adequacy, asset quality, management quality, earnings quality, and liquidity impact the financial performance of both banking system types in the MENA region. The study's findings reveal that asset quality, earnings quality, and liquidity are the key drivers of profitability for both interest-free and conventional banks in the MENA region.

Keywords: Interest-free banking, Conventional banking, CAMELS rating system, MENA Region, Financial institutions, Financial intermediaries, Financial crisis.
Obtenção de materiais carbonáceos a partir de bagaço de malte: caracterização e aplicação de remoção de fluoroquinolonas
Authors:   , Silva Aline Aparecida dos Santos
Published: August 2023

Fármacos são utilizados em tratamentos de doenças veterinárias e humanas. A maior parte são excretados na sua forma original, podendo contaminar a rede de esgoto doméstica e consequentemente contaminar águas subterrâneas e superficiais. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a adsorção dos fármacos ciprofloxacina (CIP), norfloxacina (NOR) e enrofloxacina (ENR) em sistemas aquosos. Utilizou-se biocarvões obtidos a partir do bagaço de malte, carbonizados por processo hidrotermal (HC-150), com ativação ácida (temperatura 150 ºC por 14 h), e por pirólise (temperatura 500 ºC por 1 h, PC-500), cujos rendimentos foram de 63,54 ± 0,47 e 28,39 ± 0,25%, respectivamente. Os materiais obtidos foram caracterizados por diferentes técnicas analíticas. Por análise termogravimétrica (TG/DTG) foi observado que o PC-500 possui maior estabilidade térmica quando comparado ao HC-150 e a biomassa. Por análise elementar (CHNS), a biomassa, HC-150 e PC-500 apresentaram uma razão de H/C de 1,54; 1,09 e 0,49, enquanto a razão O/C foram de 0,51; 0,35 e 0,02, respectivamente. Tais resultados indicam uma carbonização mais completa para o PC-500, enquanto o HC-150 apresentou maior preservação de grupos funcionais, que foram confirmados por Espectroscopia na Região do Infravermelho (FTIR). Por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) foi possível observar materiais com maior porosidade, comparado à biomassa, e formação de microesferas para o HC-150. Os materiais foram aplicados na adsorção de fluoroquinolonas, cujo monitoramento foi feito por Espectrofotometria de Absorção Molecular UV/Vis. Inicialmente, o tempo de equilíbrio foi determinado em 24 h para ambos biocarvões. O modelo de pseudo-segunda ordem se ajustou melhor aos dados experimentais. Foram realizadas isotermas de adsorção, sendo que o modelo de Langmuir se ajustou melhor aos resultados. Foram obtidos de capacidade máxima de adsorção (qmax) 95,4; 163,3 e 99,0 mg g-1 para CIP, ENR e NOR, respectivamente, empregando HC-150. Enquanto para o PC-500, foram obtidos qmax de 57,1; 12,0 e 0,2 mg g-1 para CIP, ENR e NOR, respectivamente. Os resultados evidenciam a possibilidade do emprego de biocarvões obtidos a partir da biomassa de bagaço de malte como adsorvente. Palavras–chave: Carbonização da biomassa. Carbonização hidrotérmica. Carbonização pirolítica. Adsorção. Fármacos. Contaminantes emergentes.
A experimentação no ensino da eletroquímica: abordagens, potencialidades e desafios para uma aprendizagem significativa
Authors:   , Marçal Elaine de Oliveira
Published: August 2023

O ensino da eletroquímica nos modos tradicionais, comumente aborda uma série de assuntos tidos como complexos e distantes do contexto cotidiano dos alunos do en- sino médio, portanto, faz-se necessária a utilização de alguns recursos didáticos atra- tivos para deixá-lo mais significativo. Devido às dificuldades encontradas no processo ensino-aprendizagem deste conteúdo, o presente trabalho foi elaborado com o obje- tivo de realizar uma revisão sistemática em artigos científicos que apresentam a ex- perimentação como uma metodologia de ensino, afim de investigar as principais abor- dagens (demonstração, investigação e verificação), potencialidades e desafios encon- trados no uso das práticas experimentais. A seleção da literatura foi realizada através da plataforma Google Scholar® com as seguintes palavras: experimentação e eletro- química. As análises foram realizadas pelo Meta-modelo de Análise e Exploração do Conhecimento Científico® (MAECC®). O resultado do estudo serviu de embasamento para desenvolver uma sequência didática, composta de roteiros para aulas práticas, que podem auxiliar o professor em suas aulas de química. Alguns destes roteiros, fundamentado nas teorias pedagógicas de Montessori que defende a utilização de materiais concretos para auxiliar no processo de aprendizado, foram estruturados para permitir que o aluno execute os experimentos individualmente ou em grupo. Para estes roteiros foram elaborados procedimentos, passo a passo, que serviram para a construção de um kit experimental, com materiais de fácil acesso. Mediante análise documental e aplicação piloto, pode-se concluir que a experimentação é uma ferra- menta eficaz para a compreensão de fenômenos que a eletroquímica propõe-se ex- plicar e que as três abordagens analisadas: demonstração, investigação e verificação, dão enfoques diferentes, porém ambas podem favorecer uma aprendizagem signifi- cativa, desde que sua execução seja bem planejada pelo professor. Palavras-chave: Ensino da eletroquímica. Experimentação. MAECC®. Aprendizagem significativa. Montessori.
Seguimiento farmacoterapéutico ambulatorio en pacientes hipertensos de un centro de salud del Perú. Estudio cuasi-experimental.
Authors: García-Rodríguez Marcos Daniel , Pinillos-Pozo Viky Del Pilar , Ochoa-Arias Sheyly Del Pilar , Pesantes-Sangay Sandra Jessenia , Lora-Loza Miryam
Published: August 2023

Objetivo: Determinar el impacto del seguimiento farmacoterapéutico ambulatorio en pacientes hipertensos de un centro de salud del norte del Perú.Metodología: Estudio cuasi – experimental, longitudinal en 36 pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial, que asisten al Centro de Salud Unión – Trujillo, mediante 9 visitas domiciliarias, utilizando el método DÁDER que evalúa el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico. Se emplearon 4 instrumentos para evaluar los siguientes parámetros: nivel de conocimiento mediante un cuestionario, adherencia al tratamiento mediante la prueba de Morisky-Green-Levine, grado de satisfacción del paciente a través del test The Purdue Pharmacist Directive y monitorización de los valores de hipertensión arterial mediante una hoja de registro.Resultados: Para el nivel de conocimiento, el cuestionario obtuvo una puntuación promedio de 5.3 en la tercera visita y 10 en la novena. Para el grado de adherencia, la prueba alcanzó un valor promedio de 1.9 en la segunda visita domiciliaria, considerándose como No adherente y 0.0 en la novena visita, mostrando una adherencia total al tratamiento farmacológico. En cuanto a la prueba para la determinación del nivel de satisfacción hacia el químico farmacéutico, se obtuvo como resultado 85.7% y 100% durante la cuarta y novena visita domiciliaria, respectivamente. Se encontraron resultados significativos para los 3 parámetros, mostrando 100% de adherencia, satisfacción y nivel de conocimiento adecuado al finalizar el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico. En referencia a los valores de presión arterial, se inició con una media de 138.6/87.1 ± 6.7 mmHg, descendiendo a 118.8/79.3 ± 2.7 mmHg a la novena visita domiciliaria.Conclusiones: El seguimiento farmacoterapéutico tuvo un impacto favorable en el control de los pacientes hipertensos.
La N-acetilcisteína como coadyuvante en el manejo del craving por cocaína y tabaco. Revisión narrativa
Authors: Murillo-García Olga Lucía , Berrouet-Mejía Marie Claire
Published: August 2023

Para el año 2021 se calcula que 36 millones de personas desarrollaron trastornos por consumo de sustancias a nivel mundial. En Colombia, el tabaco y la cocaína son dos de las sustancias legales e ilegales de mayor consumo. El craving, o deseo de consumo, es una característica asociada a los trastornos por uso de sustancias que a su vez es una de las razones que explica las recaídas y abandono de los procesos terapéuticos.
Una potencial estrategia terapéutica para su tratamiento es el uso de N acetilcisteína, la cual se ha visto implicada en la regulación de los niveles de los neurotransmisores cisteína y glutamato. Esta revisión narrativa busca esbozar los mecanismos farmacológicos de la N acetilcisteína y revisar la evidencia actual sobre su utilidad en el craving por cocaína y tabaco. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda estructurada de la literatura obteniendo 12 artículos entre el periodo 2015-2021, en su mayoría con limitaciones metodológicas. La evidencia reciente sostiene que puede existir una plausibilidad biológica para el uso de N acetilcisteína como coadyuvante en el manejo del craving, pero aún es carente de información robusta para su uso difundido o para generar recomendaciones.
Aspectos generales sobre la resistencia bacteriana de gérmenes productores de β-lactamasas tipo AMPC: una revisión narrativa
Authors: Rivera-Caldon Cristhian Camilo , Imbachi-Imbachi Richard , Tobar-Solarte Juan Camilo , Dueñas-Cuellar Rosa Amalia
Published: August 2023

El uso indiscriminado de antibióticos ha generado un grave problema en la salud pública debido al aumento en la resistencia bacteriana. La producción por algunos gérmenes de betalactamasas tipo AmpC forma parte de los mecanismos de resistencia bacteriana; estas enzimas se caracterizan por ser activas frente a penicilinas, cefalosporinas y algunas combinaciones de antibióticos B-lactámicos más inhibidores. La primera línea de tratamiento de estos microorganismos han sido los carbapenémicos y en la actualidad se estudia la utilización de agentes alternativos como cefepime, piperacilina-tazobactam, entre otros.
El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es comentar los aspectos básicos relacionados a los gérmenes productores de betalactamasas tipo AmpC. Mediante una búsqueda bibliográfica amplia utilizando palabras claves, se realizó una descripción narrativa de los principales hallazgos. Este problema de salud continua en expansión y se constituye en una amenaza continua a la salud pública mundial.
Susceptibilidad in vitro a ciprofloxacina en biofilms de Pseudomonas aeruginosa y poblaciones planctónicas. Estudio de corte transversal.
Authors: Aguilera-Becerra Astrid Maribel , López-Velandia Diana Paola , Bolívar-Vargas Andrés Felipe
Published: August 2023

Introducción: Los biofilms bacterianos son un grave problema en el cuidado de la salud, principalmente en las infecciones asociadas a atención en salud debido. Presentan una alta capacidad para adaptarse al entorno y a exigencias nutricionales. Además, debido a su composición y a concentraciones bajas de antibióticos, generan tolerancia que evita se inhiba su crecimiento.Objetivo: Determinar la susceptibilidad a ciprofloxacina en biofilms de Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro.Métodos: Se determinó la susceptibilidad del biofilm de 7 cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa pertenecientes al cepario de la Universidad de Boyacá obtenidas de muestras clínicas de origen urinario utilizando el método de microtitulación en placa.Resultados: Se observó un aumento de la tolerancia en 6 cepas de las 7 analizadas, llegando a disminuir su crecimiento hasta en una concentración de 4 μg/ml en comparación con su forma planctónica que logró inhibir el crecimiento hasta una concentración de 14 μg/ml. En cuanto a la única cepa resistente en su forma planctónica, no se observaron cambios significativos.Conclusiones: Uno de los biofilms analizados presentó un comportamiento diferente a ciprofloxacina probablemente debido a su genotipo, microambiente y/o a su forma de crecimiento.
Retos de la divulgación científica en las revistas universitarias
Authors: Calvache Jose Andres , Delgado-Noguera Mario
Published: August 2023

Las revistas especializadas, de carácter científico y académico, son instrumentos fundamentales para la divulgación, acceso y validación por pares académicos de los resultados de los procesos de investigación, uno de los conceptos básicos de universidad. En Colombia, el Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación considera y sostiene que es necesario que las revistas de divulgación científica cumplan con indicadores y estándares de calidad científica reconocidos y aceptados a nivel internacional con el propósito de propender por la difusión del conocimiento en los circuitos científicos dispuestos para este fin.
Movimientos en la Colaboración Cochrane Iberoamericana
Authors: Merchán Ángela María , Delgado-Noguera Mario
Published: August 2023

Desde mediados del siglo pasado ronda entre los profesionales de la salud la idea de tomar decisiones informadas, sustentadas en la validez de aplicar el método científico a la práctica clínica y que, de esta manera, permitieran el mejor resultado posible en los pacientes.
Había desarrollos previos que sustentaban este movimiento como el aprendizaje basado en problemas y la epidemiología clínica. Finalmente, en los años 90 se promovió el término cada vez más utilizado de Medicina Basada en la Evidencia (MBE) que actualmente tiene un amplio uso y empleo práctico.
Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial como manifestación extraarticular de la artritis reumatoide: reporte de caso
Authors: Velasco Castro Julio Cesar , Galán Lozano Juan David , García Agudelo Lorena , Vargas Rodríguez Ledmar Jovanny
Published: August 2023

Objetivo: La artritis reumatoide (AR) es una enfermedad autoinmune inflamatoria y crónica que ocurre en el 1 % de la población a nivel mundial y causa compromiso articular y extraarticular. El pulmón es el segundo órgano extraarticular más comprometido. Los factores de riesgo de mal pronóstico en la artritis reumatoide, asociados a enfermedad pulmonar intersticial (EPIAR), son la neumonía, tabaquismo y edad avanzada. La tomografía computarizada es el método de imagen más utilizado para el diagnóstico. En este orden de ideas, el objetivo de este reporte es presentar el comportamiento clínico inusual de la artritis reumatoidea al ocasionar compromiso pulmonar en presencia de factores que favorecen la progresión de la enfermedad.
Descripción del caso: Paciente de 87 años con antecedente de artritis reumatoide diagnosticada 1 año atrás y ex fumador crónico. Se documentó compromiso pulmonar por estudios de imagen donde se reportó enfermedad intersticial y sobreinfección, ocasionando ingresos hospitalarios continuos y refiriendo como síntoma principal disnea. Se alcanzó un control exitoso de la sintomatología al indicar tratamiento antirreumático, corticoides y cubrimiento antibiótico de amplio espectro.
Conclusiones: Se destaca el comportamiento inusual de la remisión espontánea (corto plazo) de la AR en pacientes con manejo antirreumático para desarrollar daño pulmonar en presencia de factores de riesgo que favorecen la progresión de la enfermedad.
Síndrome de Asma Crítica. Revisión narrativa
Authors: Realpe Cisneros Sara Isabel , Fletcher Toledo Tatiana , Cabra-Bautista Ginna Paola , Díaz Castro Rosalba
Published: August 2023

El asma es la enfermedad pulmonar crónica más frecuente en la infancia. Asma casi fatal, asma severa aguda, estado asmático, asma refractaria o asma frágil se refiere a sufrir un episodio de crisis asmática severa con riesgo de morir y ocurre más frecuentemente en pacientes con asma grave, pero se puede presentar en asma leve o moderada y en asma no controlada. No existe una definición estandarizada del término, por lo tanto, se ha propuesto la expresión Síndrome de Asma Crítica (SAC) como término sombrilla que cubre los términos históricamente usados para aludir al riesgo de morir por asma debido al deterioro súbito y severo de los signos vitales, deterioro que podría progresar a falla respiratoria y muerte.En este marco de ideas, se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos Pubmed de los términos “status asthmaticus”, “severe asthma”, “severe asthma attack”, “life threatening asthma”, “acute severe asthma”, “near fatal asthma”, “critical asthma”, “critical asthma syndrome” y posteriormente se llevó a cabo una revisión narrativa de SAC teniendo en cuenta los aspectos epidemiológicos, fisiopatológicos, las manifestaciones clínicas según los fenotipos descritos, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento.
La atención primaria en la reforma de salud del Gobierno de Gustavo Petro
Authors: Delgado Noguera Mario , Campos-Bermúdez Liset Viviana
Published: August 2023

La atención primaria es un pilar fundamental en cualquier sistema de salud, y su fortalecimiento es importante para mejorar el bienestar de la población en general. La reforma a la salud propuesta por el Gobierno de Gustavo Petro en Colombia destaca la importancia de la atención primaria como una estrategia para mejorar la equidad y el acceso a los servicios de salud, la calidad de la atención y la prevención y manejo de enfermedades crónicas.
Evaluation of Dye Decolourization ability of Laccase Produced Curvularia lunata SS17
Authors: Bello, A.  , Hussaini, I. M.
Published: August 2023

The increasing discharge of dyes into the environment and their consequential ecological effects has necessitated the need for the ecofriendly decolourization methods. Laccases became enzymes of research interest due to their broad substrates specificities. The aim of the study was to purify, characterize and determine the decolourization ability of Curvularia lunata SS17 produced laccase. Laccase was produced using maize cob as substrate under optimized culture conditions and purified using Gel Filtration Chromatography. Biuret method was then used to estimate the protein contents of the crude and partially purified laccase. Specific activities, purification fold and yield (%) of the crude and purified laccase enzyme were also estimated. Decolourization potentials of the crude and partially purified enzyme were evaluated using four dyes namely: Congo red, Methylene blue, Bromocresol green and direct yellow. Elution profile of partially purified laccase revealed that fraction 5 had the highest laccase activity (3.654 U/mL). Optimum conditions for enzyme activity were estimated to be 35oC and pH 6. Enzyme activity of the partially purified laccase (3.654 U/mL) was observed to be higher than that of the crude laccase (1.635 U/mL). Also, the partially purified laccase had higher specific activity (1.87 U/mg) compared to that of the crude laccase (0.41 U/mg). Higher percentage dye decolourization potential was observed using the partially purified laccase compared to the crude laccase. Increase in percentage decolourization of the dyes by the partially purified laccase as well as crude laccase was observed as incubation time proceeds.
Isolation and Screening of Aspergillus niger and Bacillus coagulans as Potential Candidates for Amylase and Glucose Isomerase Production
Authors: Musa, B.  , Zangina, B. U.  , Ado, S. A.  , Hussaini, I. M.  , Madika, A.  , Aliyu, M. S.
Published: August 2023

There is an increasing demand for high fructose corn syrup as an alternative to glucose especially for use by people with diabetes due to its low glycemic index. The high cost of this product coupled with its high demand has attracted the attention of many researchers to search for an alternative and sustainable production route. Therefore, the focus of this work was isolating and screening Aspergillus niger and Bacillus coagulans as possible producers of amylase and glucose isomerase respectively, which are needed to produce high fructose corn syrup. Nine (9) samples of loamy soil were taken from three (3) separate locations (BG = Botanical Garden, RD = Refuse Dumpsite, FB = Flower Bed) to isolate the bacterium and fungus. Based on the lacto-phenol cotton blue stain preparation under a microscope, colonies that were thought to be Aspergillus niger colonies were observed and further identified. Cultural, microscopic, and biochemical characteristics were used to confirm the identification of colonies that were thought to be Bacillus coagulans. The probable isolates of Aspergillus niger and Bacillus coagulans were then screened for amylase and glucose isomerase production respectively. Out of the total of nine (9) soil samples analysed, 5 (55.6 %) were positive for Aspergillus niger. A higher isolation rate of Aspergillus niger, 2 (66.7 %) was recorded in soil samples from botanical garden (BG) and flower bed (FB). The lowest isolation rate, 1 (33.3 %) was observed in soil obtained from the refuse dump. Out of all the isolates screened for their potential to produce amylase, the isolate from the botanical garden showed the highest zone of starch hydrolysis (28 mm), and the isolate from the flower bed showed the least zone of hydrolysis of starch (13 mm). On the other hand, out of the nine (9) soil samples analysed, 6 (66.7 %) were positive for Bacillus coagulans and the highest occurrence of Bacillus coagulans, 3 (100 %) was recorded with soil from botanical garden (BG1), while the least occurrence, 1 (33.3 %) was observed in soil from flower bed (FB2). The probable isolates of Bacillus coagulans screened for glucose isomerase production revealed that all the six (6) isolates produced glucose isomerase, with isolate from refuse dump (RD2) producing the highest concentration of glucose isomerase (4.7014 g/L).
Determination of Survivability of Some Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria in Some Locally Produced Drinks
Authors: Aisha, A. S  , Bukar, A  , Abdulkadir, B  , Abdul, N. A  , Salima, A. S.  , Isa, I. A.
Published: August 2023

Foods are not only intended to placate hunger and supply essential nutrients but also to prevent the nutrition-related diseases and to improve physiological and mental wellbeing of consumers. This led to the development of probiotic foods. Probiotics are said to be live microorganisms which when adequately (106/107 CFU/mL) administered confer health benefits to the host. Probiotic drinks both dairy and non-dairy have been found to be carriers of these organisms to their site of action. This research aims at determining the survivability of probiotic lactic acid bacteria in some locally produced drinks. The isolation of the organisms from yoghurt and “nono” were conducted using cultural methods and further characterized using biochemical tests. Cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), cellular auto-aggregation assays (CAA), hemolytic activities, bile salt and NaCl tolerance test were conducted to determine the probiotic properties of the organisms. The survivability of the organisms was evaluated after standardizing the inoculum using 0.5 McFarland standard and then serial dilution, plating and counting of visible colonies. Results were analyzed by ANOVA using SPSS software version 20.0. Out of the ten isolated and biochemically characterized lactic acid bacteria, three Lactobacillus species showed probiotic status, with CSH values of (79%, 75.2% and 91.3%) and CAA index of (79.3%, 74% and 83.5%), respectively, however there is no statistically significant difference between the CAA and CSH values of the isolates (p = 0.13 and p = 0.5, respectively), which indicates that all the isolates had approximately equal probiotic capabilities. “Kunun zaki” showed the highest survivability rate with the probiotic status being maintained for three days, and counts ranging from 1.4 to 1.05 x 106 CFU/mL; whereas “zobo” showed the least duration as a probiotic (one day, and a count of 1.16 x 106 CFU/mL. There is a significant difference (p=0.02) in the growth of the organisms over the incubation period (5 days), however, there is no significant difference (p=0.82) between the growth of the organisms growing on different drinks, indicating that time after incubation is the critical determinant of probiotic status, and that the isolates can grow equally well in all the drinks tested. This research reported the isolation of Lactobacillus species confirmed to be probiotics from yoghurt and “nono”. Enumeration of probiotic LAB in all the drinks revealed the drinks were probiotic containing 106 CFU/mL for two (2) days with the exception of “Kunun zaki” that reached up to three (3) days as a probiotic drink. The pH level of all the drinks decreased and the drinks became acidic (pH range 6.0-1.8).
A One-Year Environmental and Microbiological Monitoring of Storage Areas and Production Room of a Pharmaceutical Industry from Northern Nigeria
Authors: Oloninefa, S. D  , Aisoni, J. E  , Alli, A. I  , Akomolafe, D. O
Published: August 2023

The degradation and reduction of the potency of both raw materials and finished pharmaceutical products (FPPs) are of great concern to pharmaceutical industries, making the environmental monitoring of storage areas and production rooms a must. In this study, a one year monthly data for environmental and microbiological monitoring for storage areas (raw materials quarantine room, raw materials approved room, finished product quarantine room and finished product approved room) and production room were collected  and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 23. The results revealed that the lowest temperature (21.01oC) was obtained from the raw materials approved room. At the same time, the highest (29.50oC) was recorded from the finished product quarantine room. In contrast, the lowest relative humidity of 11.11% was obtained from raw materials quarantine room while raw materials approved room had the highest relative humidity of 33.33%. The results obtained for microbial loads showed that Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa recorded 0.00cfu/ml each. In contrast, the value obtained for total viable aerobic mesophilic bacteria plate count ranges from 0.00-28.67 cfu/ml and fungi range from 0.67-5.00 cfu/mL respectively. The significant difference was determined at p<0.05. However, the results obtained for the temperature, relative humidity and microbial loads were within the stated specifications. This shows that the temperature and relative humidity of the storage areas and the production room were controlled and well monitored in line with the current good manufacturing practice which will eventually positively impact the quality, marketability and stability of raw materials and drug products. Environmental monitoring of storage areas and production room should be highly encouraged in pharmaceutical industries to curb the menace of speedy degradation and loss of potency experienced in raw materials and finished pharmaceutical products.
Phytochemical Constituents and GC-MS Profiling of the Whole Plant Ethanol Extract of Thesium viride Hill and its Oral Toxicity in Balb/C Mouse Model
Authors: Mustapha, F. J.  , Ella, E. E.,  , Luka, S. A.,  , Wada, Y. A.
Published: August 2023

Thesium viride Hill, a member of the Santalaceae family, treats several ailments. However, few pharmacological investigations have been done to ascertain its folklore usage. The present study evaluated the presence of phytochemical constituents and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy profiling of the whole plant extract of Thesium viride and its oral toxicity in the Balb/c mouse model. The whole plant-dried sample was collected from Zaria local government, Kaduna State, Nigeria, and 400 grams of the pulverised plant was extracted by the Soxhlet method using different solvents. Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analyses of the whole plant ethanol extract were done according to standard procedures. Acute oral toxicity studies of the extracts were carried out on BALB/c mice weighing 17-23g following recommendations from the OECD. The phytochemical analysis of Thesium viride whole plant extracts showed the presence of cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, triterpenes, and alkaloids. In addition, the GC-MS analysis of the ethanol extract of Thesium viride revealed the presence of thirty-four bioactive compounds, the major ones being Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, cis-13-Octadecenoic acid, trans-13-Octadecenoic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z), and Diethyl Phthalate with peak areas (concentrations) of 34.44%, 29.75%, 4.18%, 3.60%, 2.62%, and 2.01% respectively. The median lethal dose (LD50) for acute toxicity studies of different fractions of Thesium viride on Balb/c mice was greater than 5000 mg/kg. The study concludes that the whole plant extract of Thesium viride is rich in phytoconstituents with pharmacological prospects. The extract is practically non-toxic and safe when administered orally in mice.
Evaluation of the medicinal potentials of honey against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various forms of wound infections
Authors: Sumayya Mansur  , Mukhtar, G.L.
Published: August 2023

The rise of multidrug resistant microbial species is a major public health problem worldwide. Complementary natural sources with antimicrobial potentials including plants and plant-based products such as honey, are currently receiving great attention. As such, this study aimed to evaluate the medicinal potentials of honey by testing its antibacterial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates associated with wounds infection.  Clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from infected wounds such as sepsis, bite, surgical, laceration and gunshots were obtained from Federal Teaching Hospital Katsina. The antibacterial activity of honey was assayed by Agar well diffusion technique using different concentrations of honey; 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (v/v). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of honey were also determined. The mean zone of inhibition of honey against the isolates range from  10.6 mm to 22.6 mm. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of honey at 100% (v/v) differ significantly compared to other concentrations. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of honey was determined to be 25% (v/v) while the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration was estimated to be 75% (v/v). Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from gunshot wound was more susceptible to honey and ciprofloxacin (control) compared to Pseudomonas aeruginosa from other wound types. This study's findings demonstrated honey's efficacy in treating wound infections. Natural products, such as honey, have enormous potential for combating antibiotic resistance. In vivo studies should be carried out to further study the impact of honey on biological systems.
Survey of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi from Patients with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease attending some hospitals in Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Oyedum, U. M.  , Kuta, F.A.,  , Saidu, A.N.,  , Babayi, H.
Published: August 2023

Drug resistance, especially multidrug resistance by microorganisms, particularly bacteria is on the increase and has been considered as a major health challenge worldwide. This study was conducted to isolate multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella typhi associated with patients with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) attending three General Hospitals in Niger State. A total of 390 samples of endocervical swabs (ECS) and urine samples were collected using sterile swab sticks and sample containers from patients atending General hospital Bida, Suleja and Kontagora. Screening for the presence of Salmonella typhi was done using streak method.  Isolates of Salmonella typhi were identified through Gram staining and other biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates to ten (10) commonly prescribed antibiotics was determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. The result showed 240 (62%) of the 390 samples were positive for bacterial infections. Specifically, 50 (20.8%) of the 240 bacterial positive samples from both ECS and urine were positive for S. typhi .The antibiogram showed that 18 (36.0%) S. typhi isolates out of the 50 S. typhi isolates, expressed multidrug resistant characteristics, and were resistant to more than three (3) classes of antibiotics. The multidrug resistant S. typhi exhibited resistance to: Ofloxacin, Nalixidic acid, Augmentin, Cephalexin, Perfloxacin and Streptomycin. The results of this study confirmed the presence of multidrug resistant S. typhi in Niger State, hence there is a need for public health workers, to create awareness on the misuse of antibiotics, to prevent and curtail treatment failure due to antibiotic resistance.
Assessment of Physico-Chemical Properties and Plankton Composition of Ajiwa Reservior in Katsina State, Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim A  , Thliza I. A.
Published: August 2023

Plankton composition and physicochemical properties of Ajiwa water reservoir were assessed over a twelve (12) month period. The physicochemical and biological parameters were determined using conventional methods and procedures at three sampling points. The outcome was revealed. The phytoplankton composition was Chlorophyta (57.66%), Bacillariophyta (25.70%), Cyanophyta (14.73%), and Dinophyta (1.91%), with Rotifera (30.55%), Copepoda (29.33%), Protozoa (22.27%), and Cladocera (17.85%) being the least. The temperature fluctuated with a mean SE value of (23.08 0.8OC); the pH fluctuated with a mean SE value of 6.8 0.1; and the turbidity fluctuated with a mean SE value of 99.3 3.6NTU. DO readings range from 3.8mgL-1 to 7.9mgL-1, with a mean SE of 6.6 0.3mgL-1. BOD showed monthly fluctuation, with a mean SE value of 3.2 0.4mgL-1. The electrical conductivity ranged from 102.4 µS/cmto 105.1S/cm, with a mean SE of 129.9 4.1µS/cm. The higher chlorophyta and rotifer composition in the reservoir indicated that the water quality is good, but increased human activities such as runoffs of inorganic fertilisers and pesticides may influence change in water quality over time. The reservoir water is suitable for irrigational and domestic purposes in terms of most of the physicochemical and biological parameters analysed. As a result, an effective anthropogenic inputs control strategy in the reservoir is required.
Conversion of Biogas from Municipal Solid Waste of Kaduna State to Bio-methane
Authors: H. M. Ladan  , U. J. J. Ijah  , J. Baba
Published: August 2023

The uncontrolled hazardous wastes from industries mixing up with municipal wastes create potential risks to human health. A major environmental concern is gas released by decomposing garbage which increases the concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases. This study was aimed to convert biogas to bio-methane from municipal solid wastes (MSW) in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The segregates of the wastes were immersed in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution for 5days to reduce the lignocellulosic content and was further homogenized in a propeller mixer. Proximate composition, physical and chemical and properties were analyzed. The mean values for moisture, ash, pH, temperature, total solids, volatile solids, BOD and COD were 65.10%, 1.10%, 5.49, 230C (initial), 6560mg/L, 84.53%, 205mg/L and 540mg/L respectively. The lignocellulosic content of the waste were of 34%, 33%, 33% for hemicellulose, lignin and celluloses, and nutrient values of 32:1 for carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, 0.48% and 1.16% for total sodium and phosphorous which indicate the MSW as potential substrates for biogas production. The waste fractions were assessed for a total hydraulic retention period of 35days and ambient temperature (370C) with neutral pH (7.35 to 8.0). The maximum gas yield was between 1070 and 1402cm3 within 20-30 days retention time. There was substantial decrease in biogas yield that correlated with temperature fluctuation within 10-15 days retention time, obtaining a value from 868 to 589cm3 at 33 to 310C. The biogas produced were characterized as 68.57% CH4, 30.21% CO2, 1.31% H2S and 1.50% O2 (25-30days), which significantly increased with regards to CH4 (87.52%) and significantly decreased to CO2, H2S and O2 (9.58, 0.38 and 0.01%) respectively. Municipal solid wastes (MSW) can be utilized for biogas production thereby solving the waste disposal problem.
In Vivo Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Toxicity of Jatropha curcas Seed Oil
Authors: Muhammad F. E.  , Daniyan S. Y.  , Abalaka M. E.  , Gimba U.A.
Published: August 2023

Medicinal plants are regarded as safe because of their natural origin, nevertheless, they can contain toxic substances that can exert adverse effects. This study aims to evaluate acute and subacute toxicity of Jatropha curcas seed oil using modified Lorke method and 28 days repeated dosing of grouped rats with normal saline and -10, 300, 600 mg/kg body weight of the seed oil. At the end of the experimentation, haematological and biochemical analysis of blood samples and the histopathology of the liver and kidney of rats in each group were evaluated. The Lethal Dose (LD50) of J. curcas seed oil was lower than 5000mg/kg b.wt. Haematological and biochemical analysis showed a dose-dependent decrease in the Hemoglobin, Packed Cell Volume and Red Blood Cells, an increase in the level of Total White Blood Count and Platelet Count, Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, Alkaline phosphatase, urea and creatinine in the treated groups, while the histological evaluation revealed distortion in liver and kidney cytoarchitecture of rats administered with 600 mg/kg b.wt of the seed oil. The oil was found less toxic at the acute phase but there was toxicity manifestation in subacute phase causing adverse effects on haematological, biochemical parameters and the tissues of the kidney and liver.  The study suggests that the seed oil can be used, but caution should be exercised when using it at high doses for prolonged periods.
Pengaruh Fasilitasi Promosi dan Pemasaran terhadap Kinerja Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah
Authors: Rizaldi Tito Luthfi Novianto , Djamaluddin Sartika
Published: August 2023

This study aims to investigate the effect of promotion and marketing facilitation on the performance of MSMEs as measured by revenue streams for a year. Promotion and marketing facilitation of MSMEs is carried out through SMESCO, which is a work unit under the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs which aims to expand MSME market access both nationally and globally. Promotion and marketing facilitation activities consists of intensive promotion and marketing through offline and online media, implementation of promotional events, marketing partnership cooperation and is supported by increasing the capacity of MSMEs human resources and financing loan facilities. Previous studies have shown that there is a positive and significant influence between promotion, use of online media and partnerships with increasing MSMEs revenue. Through the panel data regression analysis method using the fixed effect estimation model, results can be obtained which state that there is a positive and significant influence between promotion intensity both offline and online, the implementation of promotional events and the implementation of marketing partnership cooperation carried out by SMESCO on the performance of MSMEs as measured by revenue streams. In addition, increasing the capacity of human resources, financing loans and the number of other agencies that also provide guidance to MSMEs as a control variable also has a positive and significant influence on MSMEs revenue. However, the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy during the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative and significant impact on MSMEs revenue.

Keywords: : MSMEs; promotion and marketing facilitation; revenue
Analisis Implementasi Pelayanan Penerima Bantuan Iuran (PBI) di Puskesmas Bromo Kecamatan Medan Denai
Authors: Agustin Anjlya , Desriyani Erika , Limbong Mira Indah Pratiwi , Ginting Nisa Azizah Rahma , Sirai Sheila Iga , Chaniago Tessya , Agustina Dewi
Published: August 2023

BPJS is a public legal entity that is specifically assigned by the government to administer health care insurance for all Indonesian people, especially for the poor so that with the existence of BPJS for health, it is hoped that it can increase equity for all levels of society to access health services easily and not just prioritizing only those who are financially able. The high and low quality of public health is closely related to several supporting factors which include environmental factors, community behavior, and the level of health services which are interrelated between one problem and another. The purpose of this study was to see how the Bromo Health Center, Medan Denai District, implements services for recipients of contribution assistance (PBI) and what are the obstacles to implementing contribution assistance recipients (PBI). The research method that will be used in this study is an observational research method with a cross sectional approach which will be carried out in Medan City in 2022. From interviews with interviewees and BPJS participants it is clear that health services for BPJS PBI users at the Bromo Health Center, Kec. Medan Denai based on Presidential Regulation Number 62 of 2020 concerning Health Insurance Amendments to Presidential Regulation Number 82 of 2018 concerning Health Insurance have not run optimally.

Keywords: SJSN, Puskesmas, BPJS
Pemanfaatan Limbah Sayuran Busuk terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi (Brassica juncea L)
Authors: Roji Fadilla , Siregar Abdul Hasym Mazhurin , Nadia Rizka Lucy , Tanjung Indaya Febriani
Published: August 2023

This research was conducted in the courtyard of Lau Dendang Village, Medan, North Sumatra. Which is carried out from October to November. This research was conducted to study the manufacture of compost using the vermicomposting method which utilizes organic waste such as rotting vegetables and to determine differences in growth rates from applying compost and water to mustard greens. The results of this study indicate that the application of compost from rotting vegetable waste has an impact on mustard plants which produce stem height, number of leaves and leaf width, in the application of water the resulting impact also develops well, but not as well as in the application of compost fertilizer. So it can be concluded that the application of compost has more influence on the rate of growth and development of mustard greens because it can increase the fertility in the soil.

Keywords: Fertilizer, Vegetables, Planting
Implementasi Standar Penilaian Dalam Pembelajaran PAI pada Kurikulum 2013 di SMP Pahlawan Nasional Kecamatan Medan Tembung
Authors: Neliwati Neliwati , Khairi Mhd Hazrat , Salsabila Afifah , Harahap Rizky Nia
Published: August 2023

Assessment Standards are criteria regarding mechanisms, procedures, and instruments for assessing student learning outcomes. Assessment standards by educators according to BSNP include general standards, planning standards, implementation standards, standards for processing and reporting assessment results as well as standards for utilizing assessment results. The focus of this research is around the implementation of assessment standards by Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers at The National Hero Junior High School, Medan Tembung District. This research uses an interview method using descriptive and qualitative approaches to describe and analyze phonetics, events, social activities, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, thoughts of people individually and in groups, and is supported by Library Research by collecting various references from books, journals, and supporting scientific papers.The purpose of this study is to find out how the assessment process in learning Islamic Religious Education at SMP Pahlawan Nasional to students and find out what things should be assessed from students based on the 2013 curriculum. The result of this study is that the assessment carried out by Islamic Religious Education teachers prioritizes the Affective, Cognitive, and Psychomotric aspects of these students. The Affective Aspect is more emphasized in learning, because this aspect is very important considering that the learning of Islamic Religious Education is closely related to attitude, character, and ethics.

Keywords: Assesment Standards, Islamic Religious Education