bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distanciamiento físico y uso de máscaras faciales durante la actividad física escolar en pandemia covid-19: una breve comunicación
Authors: Azócar-Gallardo Jairo , Ojeda-Aravena Alex , Báez-San Martín Eduardo
Published: October 2021

Con el objetivo de reducir la transmisión del virus Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) que genera la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) a nivel global, los gobiernos han adoptado múltiples políticas sanitarias. Entre las principales medidas potenciales para la disminución del riesgo de contagio se incluyen el distanciamiento físico o social establecido en 1.5 m y el uso de máscaras faciales. No obstante, este distanciamiento físico sugerido no es el recomendable durante la práctica deportiva. Por otra parte, la Organización Mundial de la Salud no recomienda el uso de máscara facial durante la actividad física en adultos y en niños. Además, con el retorno a las clases presenciales y en especial la realización de actividad física escolar puede implicar un mayor riesgo de contagio al considerar los desplazamientos improvisados y si esta es realizada durante espacios reducidos. Por lo tanto, la presente comunicación tiene por objetivo examinar la evidencia en torno al distanciamiento físico o social recomendable durante la práctica de actividad física escolar y sobre el uso de máscara facial durante las actividades física escolares.
Choosing love, marriage and the traditional role
Authors: Montiel McCann Camila
Published: October 2021

Stereotypes of white women have historically limited their identities to that of wife and mother. Though restrictive, this type of femininity has been mobilised to create hierarchies of womanhood that legitimate this form and subordinate others. However, social change since the feminist second wave has seen the renegotiation of women’s position, and contemporary antiracist and LGBTQIA+ discourse has seen further departure from traditional ideals of femininity. Mass media is a dominant site where controlling images of women are negotiated and in which dominant, or hegemonic, forms emerge. This article applies Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis to examine popular British gossip magazine Heat’s romance and sex narratives for discourse which (re)produces, negotiates or challenges hegemonic femininity. Through the appropriation of feminist language, Heat propagates an updated hegemonic femininity which preserves the racio-patriarchal discourse of gender difference whilst pacifying feminist audiences.

Estereótipos de mulheres brancas historicamente limitam suas identidades aos papéis de esposas e mães. Embora redutoras, essas categorias têm sido mobilizadas com o objetivo de criar hierarquias de feminilidade que as legitimam enquanto subordinam outras formas do feminino. Contudo, desde a segunda onda do feminismo, mudanças sociais relativas à renegociação do lugar da mulher assim como discursos antirracistas e pró-LGBTQIA+ têm possibilitado um distanciamento dos ideais tradicionais de feminilidade. A mídia de massa veicula imagens de mulheres que acabam se tornando dominantes e hegemônicas. Este artigo aplica a Análise Feminista Crítica do Discurso a narrativas de romance e sexo veiculadas na popular revista inglesa Heat e investiga discursos que (re)produzem, negociam ou desafiam a feminilidade hegemônica. Através da apropriação do discurso feminista, a revista Heat propaga uma versão atualizada de feminilidade hegemônica que preserva discursos patriarcais racializados da diferença de gênero ao mesmo tempo em que tenta apaziguar o público feminista.
The displacement of race in language and gender studies
Authors: Bucholtz Mary , miles-hercules deandre
Published: October 2021

As a collaboration between the two authors, this essay first addresses each author’s individual perspective on language and gender studies, particularly as it has taken shape in the US context, and then offers a jointly developed argument regarding the field’s history and trajectory. We write from the respective standpoints of our lived experiences within and beyond the academy. Mary is a white cis female-identified linguistics professor who was deeply involved in the Berkeley Women and Language Group in the 1990s and has conducted research on language and gender throughout her career, especially with respect to its intersection with race. deandre’s Black and gender-creative subjectivity substantially colours the lens through which they experience and interpret the social life of language.
Navigating Trans*+ and Complex Gender Identities Edited by Jamison Green, Rhea Ashley Hoskin, Cris Mayo and sj Miller (2020)
Authors: Hazenberg Evan
Published: October 2021

Navigating Trans*+ and Complex Gender Identities Edited by Jamison Green, Rhea Ashley Hoskin, Cris Mayo and sj Miller (2020) New York: Bloomsbury, 204 pp.
Podsumowanie problemów związanych z wykładnią znamienia „znacznej ilości” na gruncie ustawy o przeciwdziałaniu narkomanii
Authors:   Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego, Warszawa, Polska, Rasała Bartłomiej
Published: October 2021

The text attempts to establish if existing case-law and opinions expressed in the legal literature allow to determine conclusive method of interpretation of the term “significant number” under the Act on Counteracting Drug Addiction. For that purpose, different opinions were analyse, compered and evaluate in accordance with textual, schematic and teleological interpretation. The article indicates that currently there is only one dominant model of interpretation of the term “significant number” and there are no legal basis to increase limit values based on quality and quantity of prohibited substances or take account of other criteria.
Klauzula dobrego samarytanina, czyli nowy kontratyp w związku z przeciwdziałaniem COVID-19
Authors:   Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Polska, Burdzik Marcin
Published: October 2021

‘The Good Samaritan Clause’ is a new justification, which exclude criminal liability for non-blatant and unintentional medical error. The solution adopted is, on the one hand, an important precedent in the approach to the issue of medical errors and represents turn towards the ‘no fault’ system. On the other hand, it may adversely affect the implementation of certain functions of criminal law. The aim of the article is a comprehensive analysis of the justification introduced, an attempt to assess its legitimacy and impact on the health care system and the fundamental assumptions of the state's criminal policy in the context of criminal law functions.
Przestępstwo oszustwa gospodarczego z art. 297 k.k. zagrożeniem bezpieczeństwa obrotu gospodarczego
Authors:   Politechnika Rzeszowska, Polska, Kamuda Dorota
Published: October 2021

The presented article is devoted to the issue of the crime of economic fraud under art. 297 of the Penal Code in the context of a threat to the security of business transactions by behaviors consisting in submission of a counterfeit, altered, untruthful or unreliable document or unreliable written statement in order to obtain the benefit indicated in this provision from (among others bank or body or institution that has public funds at its disposal). The security of economic turnover is an important factor from the point of view of economic stability and is a determinant of the state’s economic policy. In order to properly analyze and discuss the features of an offense under Art. 297 of the Penal Code it is necessary to define in advance such terms as: “bank”, “public funds”, “credit”, “cash loan”, “surety”, “guarantee”, “letter of credit”, “subsidy”, “subvention”, “payment instrument”, “public order”. The article presents the structure of the crime of economic fraud, as well as analyzes statistical data and evaluates the functioning of the provision on a practical basis.
„Grożąca surowa kara” jako samodzielna podstawa tymczasowego aresztowania po zmianie art. 258 k.p.k.
Authors:   Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego w Katowicach, Polska, Nowak Andrzej
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the controversy surrounding the recognition of the threat of a severe punishment of a suspect as an independent basis for the use of temporary custody. It presents positions on this problem based in particular on the wording of Art. 258 § 2 of the Code of Criminal Procedure in force in the period from 1 June 2015 to 15 April 2016 and the reasons for abandoning the amendment in question.
Otwartość prac organów prawodawczych w systemie polskim i unijnym. Prawne i politologiczne zagadnienia związane z dostępem mediów i publiczności do obrad Sejmu RP i Senatu RP w kontekście rozwiązań unijnych
Authors: Czarny-Drożdżejko Elżbieta , Żurawski Jakub
Published: October 2021

Z perspektywy funkcjonowania współczesnej demokracji, opierającej się w równym stopniu na zasadzie suwerenności narodu, jak i na prawach i wolnościach obywatelskich, bezpośredni dostęp dziennikarzy do prac parlamentu jest istotnym zagadnieniem. Dzięki medialnemu przekazowi dziennikarzy, którzy osobiście obserwowali działania organów publicznych, społeczeństwo może otrzymać opis tego, co się faktycznie wydarzyło. Wówczas media w sposób najpełniejszy mogą wypełnić swoją misję wobec społeczeństwa, przekazując rzetelne i niezafałszowane informacje. Media są w tym przypadku koniecznym pośrednikiem, ponieważ w większości społeczeństwo samo w sobie nie podejmuje osobistego trudu zdobywania takich wiadomości na bieżąco. W praktyce nie jest to też w pełni możliwe ze względu na liczbę obywateli współczesnych państw. Na dziennikarzach zatem spoczywa obowiązek pokazywania i relacjonowania, w jaki sposób pracują wybrani przedstawiciele społeczeństwa i wywoływania u odbiorców osobistej potrzeby dotarcia do informacji. Aby dziennikarze mogli to urzeczywistniać, muszą mieć prawo bezpośredniego dostępu do prac parlamentu, to znaczy nie tylko do ich efektów w postaci wytworzonych dokumentów, aktów prawnych etc., ale także do toku ich powstawania, do treści i przebiegu procesów decyzyjnych, w tym szczególnie procesu legislacyjnego.
Determination of the time-dependent change in the vapor concentration of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene during the sublimation of its traces from the glass surface
Authors:   Siberian Branch of the Federal Government Institution, Scientific and Production Association, Special Equipment and Telecoms of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Tivileva M. I. , Gruznov V. M. ,   Trophimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS,   Novosibirsk State University,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Baldin M. N. ,   Trophimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Kikhtenko A. V. ,   Trophimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Naumenko I. I. ,   Trophimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS
Published: October 2021

The results of the measurements of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) vapor concentration over its trace amounts, called thin films, on the glass surface with a concentration of 100 ng/cm2 in a square area with a side of 1 cm over time are presented. The trace amounts of TNT on the glass were formed by applying a solution of TNT in the acetonitrile diluted with the chemically pure acetone, followed by the evaporation of the solvents. In order to measure the TNT vapor concentration, an EKHO-V-IDTS portable multibacillary gas-chromatograph with preliminary TNT vapor concentration was used. A sampling of the TNT vapor above the object was carried out with a remote vortex sampler. The vapor sample was taken from a distance of 2 cm from the glass surface. The concentration in the mode of the complete capture of TNT vapors was carried out to the stainless-steel wire mesh. The vapor concentration was determined from the chromatographic peak amplitude. It was found that the concentration of vapor over the examined surface with an area of 1 cm2 decreases from 10-13 to 10-14 g/cm3 within 2.6 ± 0.3 hours. TNT vapor concentration value of 10-14 g/cm3 corresponds to the threshold concentration of TNT vapor for the modern detectors. Based on the assumption that the vapor concentration is proportional to the amount of the TNT mass on the surface for the considered trace amounts of TNT, it was estimated that the initial surface concentration of trinitrotoluene of 100 ng/cm2 on the glass surface decreases to 12 ng/cm2 within 2.6 ± 0.3 hours due to sublimation into an open half-space. It was shown that the use of vortex sampling of vapor intensifies the sublimation of TNT from the glass surface.
Bilayer capillary coatings based on nanosized ion-exchangers for the capillary electrochromatography analyses of biogenic amines and amino acids
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University, Makeeva D. V. , Polikarpova D. A. ,   Saint-Petersburg State University, Kartsova L. A. ,   Saint-Petersburg State University
Published: October 2021

Nanoparticles are widely used in capillary electrophoresis as stationary phases adsorbed on the internal capillary walls for the separation and concentration of analytes in capillary electrochromatography. The fastest and simplest approach for the formation of coatings is a physical adsorption of nanoparticles. Nevertheless, the formed coatings frequently possess low stability. The layer-by-layer approach for the formation of stabile and dense coating of internal capillary walls based on negatively charged nanosized cation-exchanger was proposed. The method included the sequential alteration of appositively charged layers of nanosized ion-exchangers. The proposed “anion-exchanger – cation-exchanger” bilayer coating possesses high stability in wide pH range (2-10) and provides up to 120 analyses without the need of re-coating. The coating was applied for the separation and on-line concentration of catecholamines and amino acids in capillary electrochromatography mode. High efficiencies were achieved (N = 450-720 th. t.p./m and N = 400-520 th. t.p./m for cathecholamies and amino acids, respectively), while the analysis time was significantly decreased. It was established, that high concentration of negatively charged functional groups on the capillary surface led to the increase of stacking efficiency factors due to the interactions between analytes and functional groups of the modifier on the capillary walls. It contributed to the 2-4 times reduced detection limits (LODs) of analytes compared to the mono-layer coatings (LODs of catecholamines = 3-4 ng/mL, LODs of amino acids = 40-100 ng/mL).
Relevance in Belief Update
Authors: Aravanis Theofanis
Published: October 2021

It has been pointed out by Katsuno and Mendelzon that the so-called AGM revision operators, defined by Alchourrón, Gärdenfors and Makinson, do not behave well in dynamically-changing applications. On that premise, Katsuno and Mendelzon formally characterized a different type of belief-change operators, typically referred to as KM update operators, which, to this date, constitute a benchmark in belief update. In this article, we show that there exist KM update operators that yield the same counter-intuitive results as any AGM revision operator. Against this non-satisfactory background, we prove that a translation of Parikh’s relevance-sensitive axiom (P), in the realm of belief update, suffices to block this liberal behaviour of KM update operators. It is shown, both axiomatically and semantically, that axiom (P) for belief update, essentially, encodes a type of relevance that acts at the possible-worlds level, in the context of which each possible world is locally modified, in the light of new information. Interestingly, relevance at the possible-worlds level is shown to be equivalent to a form of relevance that acts at the sentential level, by considering the building blocks of relevance to be the sentences of the language. Furthermore, we concretely demonstrate that Parikh’s notion of relevance in belief update can be regarded as (at least a partial) solution to the frame, ramification and qualification problems, encountered in dynamically-changing worlds. Last but not least, a whole new class of well-behaved, relevance-sensitive KM update operators is introduced, which generalize Forbus’ update operator and are perfectly-suited for real-world implementations.
Comparison of unsupervised shallow and deep models for structural health monitoring
Authors: Chalapathy Raghavendra , Khoa Nguyen Lu Dang
Published: October 2021

Recent failures of bridges worldwide highlight the need for robust structural health surveillance systems to provide alerts for early damage and prevent severe loss. Structural health monitoring (SHM) continues to evolve and gain wide adoption among asset managers to mitigate catastrophic failure risks of structural systems. With the prolific integration of SHM with artificial intelligence and internet of things systems becoming prevalent, several data-driven approaches have gained popularity in SHM. However, it is challenging to obtain ground-truth-labelled damage samples for supervised machine learning methods. A class of shallow machine learning methods known as unsupervised methods (e.g. the one-class support vector machine (OCSVM)), which only uses unlabelled data from a healthy state, has been shown to achieve promising results. However, shallow machine learning methods require laborious expert-crafted feature inputs for optimal performance. Inspired by the automatic feature-extraction ability of deep neural networks, unsupervised methods (deep learning models trained without supervisory ground truth labels) such as autoencoder (AE)-based methods were explored to detect structural damage. Results obtained on both real-world data from Sydney Harbour Bridge, one of Australia's iconic structures, and data collected from laboratory specimens demonstrate the effectiveness of the AE-based method over conventional shallow methods such as the OCSVM.
Bridge and transport network resilience – a perspective
Authors: Mitoulis Stergios Aristoteles , Domaneschi Marco , Cimellaro Gian Paolo , Casas Joan R.
Published: October 2021

Bridges and critical transport infrastructure are primary assets and systems that underpin human mobility and activities. Loss of bridge functionality has consequences on entire transport networks, which are also interconnected with other networks. Cascading events then unfold in the entire system of systems, leading to significant economic losses and societal disruption to business and society. Recent natural disasters have revealed the vulnerabilities of bridges and critical assets to diverse hazards (e.g. floods, blasts, earthquakes), some of which are exacerbated due to climate change. The assessment of bridge and network vulnerabilities by quantifying their capacity and functionality loss and adaptation to new requirements and stressors is thus of paramount importance. The aim of this work was try to understand the main compound hazards, stressors and threats that have short- and long-term impacts on the structural capacity and functionality of bridges and the impact of bridge closures on network operability. The main drivers of bridge restoration and reinstatement were also considered. Loss of performance, driven by redundancy and robustness of a bridge, is the first step to be considered in the overall process of resilience quantification. Resourcefulness is the other main component of resilience analysed in this work.
The International experience of ensuring cybersecurity in the country and possibility of its application in Ukraine.
Authors: Dixi Revista , Pchelina Oksana Vasilievna , Skulysh Yevhenii Deoniziyovych , Buglak Iurii , Myroniuk Roman Victorovich
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this article is to reveal the essence and characteristic features of cybersecurity as one of the most important components of stable functioning of the modern society. Examples of successful experience of developed foreign countries on cybersecurity are considered, and possible ways of its use in Ukraine are offered. In particular, the public’s attention is focused on extremely important issues such as national defense in cyberspace, protection of private legitimate interests of individuals in the network and effective information policy by the state towards citizens. It is noted that the cybersphere has long been one of the most important components of the world society and the world economy. This statement is primarily based on the fact that today more and more banking, trade and other settlement or logistics operations, both within one country and in international relations, are carried out using modern computer, telecommunications and other innovative technologies and devices. It is stated that the sphere of public life, which is outlined in this article, is in dire need of its clear and unambiguous legal regulation. This is especially true in developing countries, including Ukraine. After all, their state system and legal framework are not yet stable and stable. The authors’ definitions of “cybersecurity”, “cyber-subjectivity” and “network sovereignty” are offered. In addition, the relationship between the level of development of the cybersphere in a particular country and the level of its economic development and general financial well-being was studied. It is determined that it is extremely important for Ukraine to adopt the successful experience of some developed foreign countries in the field of protection and processing of information in cyberspace.
Breve estudio bibliométrico sobre economía solidaria
Authors: Barbosa Pérez Ehytder Mario , Vargas Pacheco Henry , Gómez Rodríguez Dustin Tahisin
Published: October 2021

En este estudio se realizó un análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica (282 artículos) de la categoría economía solidaria en el periodo 2010-2019 en la base de datos Web of Science. Se identificó un aumento en el número de publicaciones sobre economía solidaria hasta 2017. La gran mayoría de los documentos fueron artículos científicos (76 %), seguidos de capítulos de libro. Los autores con mayor número de publicaciones fueron S. Calvo y A. Morales, mientras que las organizaciones con mayor producción fueron la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia y la Bournemouth University. El país con mayor producción fue Brasil, y Colombia ocupó el séptimo puesto, lo cual ratifica la necesidad de ampliar y enriquecer el acervo científico del país frente a la economía solidaria.
Four new alien beetle species in Hungary (Coleoptera)
Authors: Merkl Ottó , Szalóki Dezső
Published: October 2021

Lyctus cavicollis LeConte, 1866 (Bostrichidae), Silvanus recticollis Reitter, 1876 (Silvanidae), Epuraea (Haptoncus) ocularis Fairmaire, 1849 (Nitidulidae) and Cynaeus angustus (J. L. LeConte, 1851) (Tenebrionidae) are reported from Hungary for the first time. With 4 figures.
The effect of gas atmosphere on the coating formation by electric arc surfacing with cermet SHS electrodes of the TiB2–Co2B composition
Authors: Zhidovich Alexandra O. , Stolin Alexander M. , Chizhikov Andrey P. , Bazhin Pavel M. , Konstantinov Alexander S.
Published: October 2021

Due to their unique properties, metal-matrix composite materials, when used as a surfacing material for electric arc surfacing, provide high properties of the deposited layers. SHS-extrusion is a promising method for a wide range of surfacing metal-matrix electrodes. The gas environment of surfacing affects the quality of coatings formed by SHS electrodes, their microstructure and properties. In this paper, cermet SHS electrodes of the TiB2–Co2B composition obtained by SHS-extrusion were used to form protective coatings on a steel substrate by electric arc surfacing in an argon atmosphere and in a nitrogen atmosphere. The elemental and phase composition, as well as the microstructure of the deposited layers, were investigated. Based on the conducted studies, the influence of the gas atmosphere on the formation of the structure of cermet coatings was established. It is shown that, despite the similar phase composition, there are fundamental differences in the microstructures of the deposited coatings, which are caused by the partial fusion of the tungsten electrode and the transfer of the electrode material in the coating during surfacing in an argon atmosphere. The maximum values of the microhardness of coatings deposited in a nitrogen atmosphere exceed the maximum microhardness of coatings obtained by surfacing in an argon atmosphere by 200–450 HV.
The Legal Regulation of the Penitentiary Justice
of the USSR (1944 – 1956)
Authors: Shkarevsky D. N.
Published: October 2021

In this article, on the basis of documents stored in the funds of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History and the United State Archive of the Chelyabinsk Region, the regulation of the penitentiary justice authorities is considered. The aim of the paper is to identify the characteristic features of the regulation of the activities of the penitentiary justice bodies. The number of those convicted by the penitentiary courts for the period of their existence (1946–1956) is revealed. The characteristic features of the regulation of the activities of the penitentiary justice bodies are highlighted. These include the following. Firstly, the delphic language resulting in the lack of clearly defined competence for the penitentiary courts; their functions expanded and narrowed. Secondly, the inconsistency of the regulatory framework manifested in the fact that by-laws passed by the Ministry of Justice contradicted the legislation and limited the rights of the accused and defendants. The practice of the Judicial Collegium for Penitentiary Courts of the USSR Supreme Court was not consistent. The author distinguishes two stages in the development of the competence of prison camp courts. The first one that lasted until the early 1950s was the period of expansion. The second stage was reduction of competence. At the same time, initially the reduction of competence was not common. But, after the death of
I. Stalin, this process became widespread.
Structuring of High-Fine Mineral Particles
to Prevent Wind and Water Erosion
Authors: Dabizha O. N. , Bespolitov D. V. , Konovalova N. A. , Pankov P. P.
Published: October 2021

The results of the study of the mechanism of structuring highly dispersed mineral particles by dust-pressing polymer solution StabOL are presented, using the example of overburden rocks of the Taseevsky, Baleisky and Kamensky quarries (Transbaikal Territory). Mineral and polymer-mineral samples were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, and infrared spectroscopy. The formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds is confirmed by the shift of
the absorption bands of the stretching vibrations of hydroxyl groups in the infrared spectra of polymer-mineral samples towards lower frequencies and a significant increase in the intensities of these absorption bands. It was found that structuring of mineral particles during their treatment with
a polymer solution occurs through the formation of organomineral complexes as a result of intercalation, exfoliation (stratification) and adsorption of polymers. The important role of hydration layers and clay minerals in this process has been revealed.
Socio-Economic Aspects of Innovation in Improvement
of the Company Quality Management System
Authors: Zlobina N. V. , Al-Hamdawi A. A. T.
Published: October 2021

The conceptual foundations of socio-economic aspects
of the consequences of the introduction of innovations in the improvement of the quality management system at the enterprise are investigated.
The application of a specific methodology for improving the system
of quality management standards in modern conditions is proposed
to increase both the efficiency of the enterprise as a whole and to form specific differences from other enterprises and organizations.
Factors of Students’ Creative Activity in Scientific Research
Authors: Dorokhova T. Yu. , Puchkov N. P.
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the problems of enhancing
the participation of students in scientific research. The factors influencing the creative activity of students of a technical university in scientific projects, as well as personality traits, which are most conducive to
the processes of self-activation of activity, are revealed. The construction
of a new educational model of targeted training is substantiated on the basis
of identifying and special support for the development of students’ aspirations for self-affirmation, competitiveness in the labor market, leadership in professional and entrepreneurial activities.
Testing Students in the Digital Environment:
Advantages, Typologization, Algorithmization
Authors: Nazarova O. V. , Nazarov A. V. , Cherkharova N. I.
Published: October 2021

The typologization of testing according to its functional purpose is proposed: testing for updating knowledge, tests for self-diagnostics of students in order to form an individual educational trajectory (adaptive), tests for controlling knowledge and skills. A detailed description of the first and third types of testing is given - the toolkit for their creation, approaches to the formation of test tasks, which strengthen the motivational aspect of training, are given. A detailed algorithm for creating a randomized exam test is proposed. The analysis of feedback from students on the problem of perception of the format of the exam in the form of testing
is presented.
Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter for Tracking GPS Signals in the Case of an Unknown and Time-Varying Noise Covariance
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia, Kanouj М.М. , Klokov А.V. ,   National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
Published: October 2021

A new adaptive unscented Kalman filter (AUKF) is proposed to estimate the radio navigation parameters of a GPS signal tracking system in noisy environments and on a highly dynamic object. The experimental results have shown that the proposed AUKFbased method improves the GPS tracking margin by approximately 8 dB and 3 dB as compared to the conventional algorithm and the KF-based tracking, respectively. At the same time, the accuracy of Doppler frequency measurements increases as well.
Electrostatic Gyroscope in Spacecraft Attitude Reference Systems
Authors:   Concern CSRI Elektropribor, JSC, St. Petersburg, Russia, Landau B.Е. , Levin S.L. ,   Concern CSRI Elektropribor, JSC, St. Petersburg, Russia, Belash A.A. ,   Concern CSRI Elektropribor, JSC, St. Petersburg, Russia, Gurevich S.S. ,   Concern CSRI Elektropribor, JSC, St. Petersburg, Russia, Romanenko S.G. ,   Concern CSRI Elektropribor, JSC, St. Petersburg, Russia, Tsvetkov V.N. ,   Concern CSRI Elektropribor, JSC, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: October 2021

25 years ago, the CSRI Elektropribor proposed to use a gimballess electrostatic gyroscope (ESG) in spacecraft attitude reference systems. The system called BIS-EG passed the first flight tests in 2004. By 2013, 20 such systems had been manufactured for three types of spacecraft. The flight tests and regular operation of BIS-EG revealed a number of limitations inherent in them; at the same time, calibration methods were developed and tested and the ways of improving the system accuracy and reliability were identified. Гироскопия и навигация. Том 29. №3 (114), 2021 79 Электростатический гироскоп в системах ориентации космических аппаратов As a consequence, BIS-EG was upgraded for the next generation spacecraft, and it is still in operation. Its distinctive features are higher reliability, the gyroscope of greater stability, and the possibility of in-flight calibration of its drift model. The next modification of the BIS-EG, which is under development now, must meet the requirements for higher accuracy characteristics and the need to work in the unpressurized spacecraft compartment. The stages and methods for improving the gimballess ESG and BIS-EG family systems are described, as well as the results of their operation in accordance with their purposes in different types of spacecraft.
Modular automated bottom-up proteomic sample preparation for high-throughput applications v1
Authors: Chen Yan , Kaplan Lease Nurgul , Gin Jennifer , Ogorzalek Tad , D. Adams Paul , Hillson Nathan , J Petzold Christopher
Published: October 2021

Manual proteomic sample preparation methods limit sample throughput and often lead to poor data quality when thousands of samples must be analyzed. Automated workflows are increasingly used to overcome these issues for some (or even all) of the sample preparation steps. Here, we detail three optimised step-by-step protocols to: (A) lyse Gram-negative bacteria and fungal cells; (B) quantify the amount of protein extracted; and (C) normalize the amount of protein and set up tryptic digestion. These protocols have been developed to facilitate rapid, low variance sample preparation of hundreds of samples, be easily implemented on widely-available Beckman-Coulter Biomek automated liquid handlers, and allow flexibility for future protocol development. By using this workflow 50 micrograms of peptides for 96 samples can be prepared for tryptic digestion in under an hour. We validate these protocols by analyzing 47 E. coli and R. toruloides samples and show that this modular workflow provides robust, reproducible proteomic samples for high-throughput applications. The expected results from these protocols are 94 peptide samples from Gram-negative bacterial and fungal cells prepared for bottom-up quantitative proteomic analysis without the need for desalting column cleanup and with peptide variance (CVs) below 15%.
Microfluidics 4: PDMS Chip Soft Lithography v4
Authors: Sevli Serhat , C. Yunus Sahan not provided
Published: October 2021

Microfluidics materials are of various types and application-specific. PDMS is one of the most preferred and cost-effective solutions for research and low-volume manufacturing. After having the mold, PDMS replicas are generated by a technique called soft-lithography. This protocol describes the preparation of PDMS microchannels using SU8 molds, 3D Printed resin molds, and/or metal molds by the soft lithography technique, SLA printing, or CNC machining.
Microfluidics 5: PDMS Microchannel Bonding on Glass/PDMS v4
Authors: Sevli Serhat , C. Yunus Sahan not provided
Published: October 2021

Microfluidic chips, made of PDMS, are one-side open when fabricated. Another layer of glass, PDMS, or etc is needed. Liquid seal is provided by complete covalent bonding between layers or by external forces like threads, magnets or similar factors. This protocol describes the covalent bonding of PDMS on glass by air plasma technique.
Sleep-disordered breathing a neglected risk factor in primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors:   MS Eye, Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab, India, Kaur Dr. Mandeep , Kaur Dr. Inderjit ,   MS Eye, Ex-Professor & Head, Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India, Singh Dr. Jagdeepak ,   MS ENT, Ex-Professor & Head, Department of Otolaryngology, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
Published: October 2021

Background: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is accompanied by large swings in blood pressureand the repetitive hypoxic period during sleep, which may accelerate anoxic optic nerve damageseen in glaucoma. There are many associated risk factors in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG),but recently, SDB, though a neglected one, is coming up as a risk factor. However, various studieshave reported controversial findings. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between SDB andPOAG. Design: A hospital-based case-control study. Methods: A total of 400 patients between 30–70 years were recruited from eye OPD between 2008- 2010. They were divided into two groups, 200cases with established POAG and 200 age and sex-matched healthy subjects with normal IOP in thecontrol group. Detailed history, complete ophthalmic and ENT examination was made along withBMI, blood pressure and neck girth measurement. Both groups were interviewed with aquestionnaire regarding SDB and were recorded on the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). Results:The mean age being 55.02 ± 8.66 in the POAG group and male predominance noted both in POAGand SDB patients with ESS> 10 was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Also, patients in the POAGgroup with ESS > 10 had more IOP and BMI, greater neck girth, high BP and more ENT problemswith p-value < 0,001, which is highly significant, thus showing the relationship between SDB andPOAG. Conclusions: Increased community awareness and earlier detection of glaucoma and itscorrelation with SDB results in decreased morbidity.
Afrikaanse gereformeerde kerke in die sleurgang van die tydgees
Authors: Kruger Pieter
Published: October 2021

During the past nearly 30 years the epochs of democratisation and globalisation became intertwined with the South African society, determining its spirit of the age. The democratisation of South African since 1994 has its own history of radical rather than evolutionary transformative measures which brought about constructive changes to the political and social fibre of a secularised South Africa. In conjunction, globalisation as dominant worldview became evident in the transposition of South Africa into a secular, liberal, capitalistic, pluralistic society. Over this period the Afrikaans-speaking churches of reformed tradition were not immune to these influences, channelled via their members’ experiences of and responses to their changing social and economic setup. These churches have since also changed. Their influence on society and social matters has dwindled. The contexts of their congregations changed. Their traditional collective forms of institutionalised religion are changing due to the influence of a plurality of different personal, religious beliefs and practices. These developments challenge these churches to rethink their denominational identities and consider the way in which they approach society and what they can contribute to the ecumenical church.
Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk, hermeneutiek en etiek? (1986–2019)
Authors: Van der Westhuizen Henco
Published: October 2021

The Dutch Reformed Church – hermeneutics and ethics (1986-2019)?In this article I ask about the relation between hermeneutics and ethics in the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) from 1986–2019. The article, more specifically, asks about the relation between hermeneutics and homosexuality. For the DRC, homosexuality has been the most critical ethical theme since 1986. The article’s main concern is with the reports of the Algemene Sinode (General Synod) on the Bible, on the one hand, and homosexuality, on the other. The article, therefore, especially focusses on the two reports on homosexuality of the AS of 2007. It is within these two reports that one finds at least some of the definitive hermeneutical differences within the Dutch Reformed Church.
debat oor hermeneutiek
Authors: Van Wyk Amie
Published: October 2021

Discourse on hermeneutics: A discussion with three reformational South African theologiansIn this article some introductory remarks are made on hermeneutics and subsequently the author critically investigates – for the sake of discussion – three hermeneutical models set up by three theologians from three Afrikaans reformed sister churches, namely Dirkie Smit, Gert Malan and Gerrie Snyman. In all three instances it is apparent what a big role hermeneutics plays – and should play – in the interpretation of Scripture. Since it is particularly topical and significant, one theme in theology namely Christology, is subjected to a more thorough investigation. Finally, the author proposes some guidelines which in his opinion could contribute to a better understanding of Scripture.
Kerkhistoriese oorsig van die diskoers oor rasseverhoudinge en versoening in die Afrikaanse gereformeerde kerke (1990–2017)
Authors: Plaatjies-van Huffel Mary-Anne
Published: October 2021

A church-historical analysis of the discourse on race relations and reconciliation in the Afrikaans reformed churches (1990–2017)The Afrikaans Reformed Churches, namely the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC), Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa (URCSA), Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk of Africa (NHKA) and the Reformed Churches in South Africa (RCSA) made choices regarding the theological justification of apartheid and/or the denouncement thereof. in the past three decades. This chapter offers a close reading of synodical decisions of the Afrikaans Reformed churches with regard to the theological justification of apartheid and related issues as well as the resolutions of the General Assembly of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches in 1992. The decisions of the said churches led to the re-admission of the NHKA and DRC in national and international ecumenical organisations, but eventually resulted in some schisms in the denominations. The chapter highlights the reluctance of the Afrikaans reformed churches to expedite a response to the World Alliance of Reformed Churches’ resolutions connected to the biblical justification of apartheid and to attend to reconciliation. In this chapter, attention will be paid to the following sub-themes: the struggle against the theological justification of apartheid and its legacy; from the theological justification of apartheid to a season of human dignity (DRC); from “volkskerk” to identity determined by God (NHKA); the protection of the identity of the “volk” as a God-given call to demographic unity (GKSA); jointly together towards a theology of inclusivity.
PREDICTION OF STOCK RETURNS MAY BE FALLACIOUS: A STOCHASTIC CONFIRMATION OF MALKIEL’S ASSERTION ON DARTBOARD INVESTMENTS
Authors: Weba Michael
Published: October 2021

Several studies on portfolio construction reveal that sensible strategies essentially yield the same results as their nonsensical inverted counterparts; moreover, random portfolios managed by Malkiel’s dart-throwing monkey would outperform the cap-weighted benchmark index. Forecasting the future development of stock returns is an important aspect of portfolio assessment. Similar to the ostensible arbitrariness of portfolio selection methods, it is shown that there is no substantial difference between the performances of “best” and “trivial” forecasts - even under euphemistic model assumptions on the underlying price dynamics. A certain significance of a predictor is found only in the following special case: the best linear unbiased forecast is used, the planning horizon is small, and a critical relation is not satisfied.
CERTAIN ASPECTS OF LEGISLATION DEVELOPMENT IN THE FIELD OF SOCIAL INSURANCE IN INDEPENDENT UKRAINE
Authors: Kuchma O.
Published: October 2021

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to analyse changes in the legislation in the field of social insurance during 1991-2021, their causes and consequences, and identify some problems that need to be solved currently. Methods. The methodological basis of the article is the dialectical method of cognition of legal phenomena. The article also implies the usage of historical, comparative, formal-legal methods, methods of rational criticism and forecasting. Results. The article analyses the development of legislation in the field of social insurance (certain aspects of social insurance reform and the development of legislation in terms of determining the length of contribution period and calculating the insurance contribution necessary for obtaining social security of various types) during the years of independence of Ukraine (1991-2021). The prerequisites for legislative changes and consequences are emphasized. The critical assessment of the quality of legislation is also given, taking into account the large number of decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine on declaring a number of provisions of the legislation to be unconstitutional, which indicates insufficient attention of the legislator to the non-violation of constitutional guarantees of social protection of people. Attention is drawn to innovations in legal regulation caused by the military operations in eastern Ukraine and the respiratory disease COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. This article examines some legislative changes that attracted some significant public interest and concerned a considerable number of people. Conclusions. When declaring provisions unconstitutional, it is not always logical to continue the settlement of legal relations on a disputed issue, which leads to a vacuum in legal regulation. The presence of inconsistencies in regulatory legal acts indicates the need to analyse the current legislation and improve the quality of documents. The issue of crediting the period to the insurance record when the employee, who was called up for service in the armed forces, participated in the ATO in 2014-2016, needs to be resolved, and therefore, it is proposed to amend Articles 11 and 40 of the law of Ukraine "On Mandatory State Pension Insurance" accordingly. Keywords: social insurance, pension reform, contribution period, single social contribution, salary compensation.
SCIENCE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW: CONCEPTS, FEATURES AND DIRECTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kodynets А.
Published: October 2021

The article explores the concepts, features and directions for the development of intellectual property science at the present stage. The basic scientific schools of intellectual property law are analysed, the specifics of their formation and genesis are considered. The article emphasizes that the science of intellectual property law is a system of knowledge and theoretical ideas about the laws of legal regulation of relations in the field of protection of intellectual and creative activities, interpretation of legal norms and the results of analysis and generalization of their application. As intellectual property right, the science of intellectual property law is a relatively young field in the legal system; however, it already has a long history of development, well-known representatives and scientific schools, including those pertaining to Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The development of intellectual property science in Ukraine is based on several scientific schools in Kyiv, Odessa, Lviv and Kharkiv, which are represented by powerful research centres and educational institutions. The Kyiv School of Intellectual Property is formed by two research centres: the Department of Intellectual Property and Information Law of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv and the Research Institute of Intellectual Property of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The origin and development of the science of intellectual property law in Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv is associated with the figure of the famous domestic scientist O.A. Hills. Since 2013, the Department of Intellectual Property and Information Law has been operating at the Faculty of Law of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. At the current stage, the Department of Intellectual Property and Information Law jointly with the Scientific and Educational Centre for Intellectual Property of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv make a powerful centre of the development of intellectual property law science in Ukraine. Keywords: intellectual property, science, methodology, legal category, scientific school, scientist.