bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El emprendimiento rural en la construcción de paz: análisis de la (des)articulación en el Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Authors: Bedoya-Dorado Cristian , Castro-Peña Mónica , Hoyos-Bravo Alexandra
Published: June 2020

El Valle del Cauca es uno de los departamentos donde más impactos ha tenido el conflicto armado. Históricamente, ha tenido una tradición agroindustrial, y gran parte de su territorio se caracteriza por zonas rurales en las que se desarrolla esta actividad económica. Algunas investigaciones sugieren que los emprendimientos desarrollados en las zonas rurales configuran un pilar fundamental para la construcción de paz, por el impacto en el desarrollo económico y social, así como en los procesos de construcción de tejido social, reparación y reincorporación a la vida civil. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la articulación de los emprendimientos rurales con las apuestas de construcción de paz en el Valle del Cauca. La discusión se desarrolla desde las nociones de ecosistema de emprendimiento y emprendimiento rural. Los resultados evidencian una desarticulación del emprendimiento rural con los ecosistemas de emprendimiento del departamento, y con las apuestas de construcción de paz.
Tendencias de la investigación sobre reintegración y reincorporación de excombatientes en Colombia. Tensiones y oportunidades
Authors: Cárdenas-Díaz Javier Alonso , Tocarruncho-Hernández Daniela , Lerma-Zambrano Aura
Published: June 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los patrones y las tendencias en el proceso de apoyo de la Agencia para la Reincorporación y la Normalización (ARN) a las propuestas de investigaciones de la comunidad científica sobre reintegración y reincorporación de excombatientes en Colombia. La ARN ha sido, durante 15 años, la entidad del Estado encargada de apoyar a los excombatientes de grupos armados ilegales a su reintegración y reincorporación a la vida civil en Colombia. En este camino se ha reconocido que la construcción de redes de conocimiento con otras entidades y actores es fundamental para fortalecer los procesos de diseño, implementación, evaluación y mejora de las políticas públicas a cargo de la ARN. Ello produjo que desde el año 2008 hasta 2019 se estudiaran formalmente 305 propuestas de investigaciones de universidades, investigadores, profesores y estudiantes tanto nacionales como de otros países. De ellas, 160 han contado con el apoyo de la ARN. Esta investigación muestra los principales actores que se dedican a la investigación (entre universidades internacionales y nacionales), los grados de especialización en los estudios, los temas más relevantes, así como las metodologías más utilizadas en los estudios sobre reintegración y reincorporación de excombatientes. Para ello se utiliza una metodología cuantitativa de carácter descriptivo y longitudinal sobre la base de datos de apoyo a investigaciones externas de la ARN, y se resaltan aspectos relevantes en profundidad mediante el análisis cualitativo de entrevistas realizadas a funcionarios nacionales y regionales de la ARN.
Cambio climático en la región Noreste del Uruguay: clivajes en las percepciones de los actores territoriales
Authors: Stuhldreher Amalia Margarita
Published: June 2020

Después de diez años de la creación del Sistema Nacional de Respuesta al Cambio Climático (SNRCC) del Uruguay, este trabajo analiza la percepción de los actores territoriales acerca de los impactos del cambio climático en la región Noreste del país (departamentos de Rivera, Tacuarembó y Cerro Largo), así como sus visiones acerca de las políticas y los mecanismos de la gobernanza climática del Uruguay, focalizando aspectos como la articulación y la participación. Se apunta aquí a una reflexión que genere insumos relevantes para el diseño específico de políticas exitosas de mitigación y adaptación a dicho fenómeno en el territorio analizado.
The effect of teicoplanin coating on osteointegration of titanium screws: a biomechanical and histomorphometric study in a rabbit model
Authors: ÇATALBAŞ Ali , AKALIN Yavuz , ŞAHİN İsmail Gökhan , ÇEVİK Nazan , ÖZKAN Yüksel , ÖZTÜRK Alpaslan
Published: June 2020

Objectives: The aim of this experimental animal study was to make a biomechanical and histomorphometric evaluation of the effects of titanium screws covered with teicoplanin, which is wanted to prevent the development of infection, on osteointegration of the screw.Methods: Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly separated into 2 groups. In Group 1, 2 mini screws with teicoplanin coating were placed in the femoral condyles of the right knee and in Group 2, 2 mini screws with no coating. After 4 weeks, all the animals were sacrificed and prepared for biomechanical and histological examinations. Results: In the pull-out test, the values of Group 1 were found to be higher and in the removal torque test, the values of Group 2 were higher. No positive correlation was found between the pull-out and removal torque tests (r = 0.88). The bone-implant contact value was found to be similar in both groups (p = 0.132). Conclusions: The results showed that titanium screws with teicoplanin coating did not interfere with osteointegration process biomechanically andhistomorphometrically by comparison with screws having no coating so that teicoplanincoating can be considered for use in orthopedic devices and joint prosthesis to prevent the development of infection.
Hoarding and Opportunistic Behavior During Covid-19 Pandemics: A Conceptual Model of Non-Ethical Behavior
Authors: Sobirova Zilola
Published: June 2020

Self-interest, selfishness, and greed are some of the most negative personality traits. Greedy individuals often engage in unethical behaviors regardless of the existing legal regulations and moral imperatives. During the pandemic of COVID-19 individuals are engaging in behaviors that can be characterized as deceptive and unethical, such as hoarding of products and profiteering. The current study discusses a thesis that greed is a driver of unethical behavior and examines the hoarding of products and profiteering in the greed-unethical behavior context. The conclusions suggest that greed and opportunism are critical factors behind humans behaving self-interestedly and engaging in hoarding and profiteering behavior. The current study contributes to the understanding of human behavior, particularly unethical behavior, and provides insight into the effects of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of the individual actions of hoarding products and profiteering by selling scarce products with a considerable profit margin.
Lenguaje y política en Platón = Language and Politics in Plato
Authors: Ramón Cámara Begoña
Published: June 2020

Resumen: En este trabajo abordamos algunos de los aspectos que presenta la relación entre lenguaje y política en los Diálogos de Platón. Tras haber ofrecido brevemente una interpretación de algunas tesis centrales de su filosofía del lenguaje, analizamos la fuerza política y moral que Platón reconoce al lenguaje, tomando en consideración determinados usos del lenguaje en la educación propuesta por el filósofo, así como en su crítica de la tragedia.Palabras clave: Platón, política, manipulación del lenguaje, educación, tragedia, exaltación de pasiones.Abstract: The following paper considers some aspects of the relation between language and politics in Plato’s. After a brief interpretation of some of the theses of Plato’s philosophy of language, the paper analyses the political and moral power that Plato identifies in language, and ponders specific uses of language proposed by Plato in education, and his critique of tragedy. Keywords: Plato, politics, manipulation of language, education, tragedy, exaltation of passions.
Las pasiones políticas en la Grecia clásica. Introducción = Political Passions in Classical Greece. Introduction
Authors: Garrocho Salcedo Diego S.
Published: June 2020

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CONSISTENCY OF JUSTICE IN RELIGION DEFENDING WOMEN'S RIGHTS
Authors: Annas Syaiful
Published: June 2020

In a responsive legal framework, insistence on legal change is a natural thing, because the law should be seen as a rule that is closely linked to social reality. The existence of changing social realities, usually followed by a sense of justice that changes society and the law should also change. The reality of community life, especially relations between men and women, has changed from time to time. This is influenced by many things, including economic development, technology, education, and law.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEGREE OF STRESS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF FEMALE STUDENTS WITH PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME
Authors: Andani Rina Wahyu
Published: June 2020

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a group of symptoms consisting of physical, psychological, and behavioral disorders that can occur in women before menstruation and can be triggered or aggravated by factors such as their degree of stress and physical activity. Purpose: This research aimed to analyze the relationship between degree of stress and physical activity and premenstrual syndrome occurrence in female students. Method: This study used analytical observational research with a cross-sectional research design. Female students of the S1 Public Health class of 2016-2019 were used as the sample (n = 93) in this research. Sampling was conducted via the simple random sampling technique. A bivariate analysis was conducted using chi-square testing. The research was conducted between August and September of 2019 at the Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga. Results: Severe to extreme symptoms felt most often by respondents were muscle and joint pain, abdominal pain, and irritability. The prevalence of premenstrual syndrome with moderate to severe symptoms in female students of the S1 Public Health class was 46.24% and the prevalence of stressed female students was 70.97%. Statistical test results showed a relationship between the degree of stress and premenstrual syndrome occurrence (p = 0.01) and a relationship between physical activity and premenstrual syndrome occurrence (p = 0.04). Statistical tests also showed no relationship between the age of menarche and premenstrual syndrome occurrence (p = 0.50). Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between degree of stress and physical activity and premenstrual syndrome occurrence.
CORRELATION BETWEEN DOG OWNER KNOWLEDGE AND THE ROLE OF HEALTH WORKERS IN PREVENTING RABIES IN AMBON CITY
Authors: Wuritimur Pollan Versilia , Sutiningsih Dwi , Widjanarko Bagoes
Published: June 2020

Background: Rabies is a zoonotic disease that can cause death. Ambon City is a city in Indonesia with a fairly high dog population of 62,613; we found 3,444 bite cases and 747 positive results from dog brain specimens between 2014 and 2018. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between the knowledge of dog owners and the role of health workers in preventing rabies in Ambon City. Method: This research used a quantitative design within a cross-sectional study. There were two groups of respondents: the dog owner population and the health worker population. The population of dog owners was 4,509 and the sample was 113. The health worker population and sample size was 22. The research began with the preparation, implementation, and writing stages. The data sources were both primary and secondary. Primary data were obtained at the time of the study and secondary data were obtained from the Ambon City Health Office, Ambon City Agriculture and Food Security Service, and Ambon City Health Centers. Results: There was a relationship of statistical significance between dog owner knowledge and rabies prevention (p = 0.01) and a significant relationship between the role of health workers and rabies prevention (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Dog owner knowledge and the role of health workers have a relationship with efforts to prevent rabies.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL CONDITIONS THAT AFFECT MALARIA EVENTS IN PADANG CITY
Authors: Masrizal Masrizal , Putri Tria Syananda , Hasni Imraatul
Published: June 2020

Background: West Sumatra is a target area for malaria elimination in 2020; the Annual Parasite Incidence (API) in Padang City increased from 0.12 per 1000 inhabitants to 0.13 per 1000 inhabitants between 2015 and 2016. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the effect of factors contributing to malaria events based on the environmental and behavioral conditions of people in Padang City. Method: This is a quantitative study using a case-control approach. The research was conducted in Padang from August 2017 until January 2018. The case-control study was conducted on a sample of 62 people, consisting of 31 cases and 31 controls. Cases were identified through random sampling and controls were selected by purposive sampling. Data collection was via observation and questionnaires and both univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted. Results: Descriptively, malaria patients were more likely to live in at-risk physical conditions at home (74.12%), had a history of visiting endemic areas (41.90%), did not use mosquito repellent equipment (58%), and had the habit of being outdoors at night (32.28%). Statistical tests showed the risk factors for the incidence of malaria were the physical condition of the house (OR = 3.43; 95% CI 1.20–9.20) and a history of visiting endemic areas (OR = 9; 95% CI 1.20–394). Conclusion: Environmental and behavioral factors affect the incidence of malaria. It is recommended that the Padang City Health Office provide counseling through health promotion officers about healthy homes and advise people not to go to endemic areas.
Ekonomi Politik Film Dokumenter Indonesia Dependensi Industri Film Dokumenter Indonesia kepada Lembaga Donor Asing
Authors: Karnanta Kukuh Yudha
Published: June 2020

AbstrakEsai berjudul Ekonomi Politik Film Dokumenter Indonesia: Dependensi Industri Film Dokumenter Indonesia kepada Lembaga Donor Asing 2 membahas struktur produksi film dokumenter di Indonesia di tengah wacana globalisasi dan kapitalisme global. Struktur produksi tersebut merepresentasikan praktik neokolonialisme berkedok globalisasi, khususnya dalam konteks media. Implikasinya, alih-alih mencoba mandiri atau independen, ketergantungan para sineas dan rumah produksi pada lembaga donor sebagai pemberi danamenjadi kemutlakan bagi berlangsungnya aktivitas produksi film dokumenter. Program program produksi film dokumenter seperti KickStart (In-Docs), Eagle Awards (Metro TV), Project Change (Kalyana Shira) yang rutin diselenggarakan setiap tahun merupakan contoh kongkret praktik tersebut. Penulis menggunakan kerangka berpikir cultural imperialism sebagai wujud neokolonialisme untuk mengidentifikasi proses kolonisasi beserta konsekuensi-konsekuensi yang ditimbulkannya.
Ludruk: Masihkah Ritus Modernisasi?
Authors: Azali Kathleen
Published: June 2020

Ludruk is a traditional folk-show drama from East Java, whose actors, producers and spectatorsgenerally come from the working class, with stories closely related to their daily life. In 1960s, whenJames L. Peacock did his extensive research, ludruk was at the peak of its “golden age”, which heregarded as “rites of modernization”. However, during the New Order era, ludruk lost its political,social and financial supports. Revival attempts thus far, amidst the boom of economic developmentand other forms of entertainment, have not been particularly successful. This paper attempts tosketch a historical background based mostly on literature reviews and field visits to ludruk shows toanalyze its relevance in contemporary Surabaya.
Sapa Bale Batu, Batu Bale Dia1: Politik Revivalisme Tradisi Siwa lima Orang “Ambon” Pasca Konflik
Authors: Kadir Hatib Abdul
Published: June 2020

Tulisan ini membahas tentang definisi siwa lima dan proses kemunculannya kembali karenadianggap mempunyai nilai pasifikasi serta rasa persatuan dalam menjaga perdamaian diAmbon pascakonflik. Redefinisi siwa lima sangatlah mendesak, mengingat pendukungkebudayaan di Pulau Ambon sangatlah beragam, terdiri beragam sub etnis dan penggunabahasa lokal yang diketahui masih aktif sebanyak 117 dari jumlah bahasa lokal yang pernahada kurang lebih 130-an. Disamping itu, munculnya modernitas semakin memperkuatmunculnya polarisasi antara agama Islam dan Kristen yang dipeluk oleh mayoritas masingmasingsub etnis. Menghidupkan kembali siwa lima adalah sebuah proses pencarianidentitas diri, mencari tahu siapa diri orang Ambon sesungguhnya, sehinggga dapatdijadikan sebagai modal sosial untuk menjali persatuan dan kebersamaan.
PERWUJUDAN INTEGRASI NASIONAL PADA MASYARAKAT KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Nurdiansyah Edwin , Dhita Aulia Novemy
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan wujud integrasi nasional pada masyarakat Kota Palembang yang terbentuk dari berbagai proses akulturasi dan asimilasi dari berbagai kebudayaan mulai dari zaman sriwijaya sampai kepada masa kesultanan darussalam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan beberapa tahapan yaitu pengumpulan data, pengujian data, analisis data dan laporan penulisan penelitian. Pengumpulan data penelitian ini meliputi studi kepustakaan yang berhubungan dengan Integrasi Nasional,. Perwujudan integritas nasional, salah satunya dapat dilihat dari situasi sosiologis dan psikologis Kota Palembang, yaitu Bukit Siguntang, Motif Songket, Masjid Agung, Kampung Arab Al Munawar, dan  Kampung Kapiten. Perpaduan antara kebudayaan tersebut disebut assimilation incorporation atau cultural autonomy, yang menghasilkan kebudayaan yang harmoni sebagai ciri khas kelokalitasan. Ciri khas tersebut merupakan identitas nasional Bangsa Indonesia, sebagai bentuk Bhineka Tunggal Ika. Maka sudah seharusnya setiap komponen masyarakat kota Palembang untuk selalu menghormati keberagaman dalam menjaga utuhnya integrasi nasional. Kata kunci: Integrasi Nasional, Masyarakat, Kota Palembang
PENILAIAN UNJUK KERJA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN AGAMA DAN MORAL ANAK USIA DIN
Authors: Darmiyati Darmiyati
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas guru, aktivitas anak dan menganalisis hasil pengembangan nilai agama dan moral anak  dalam meniru gerakan beribadah (wudhu). Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah kualitatif, dan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian ini guru dan anak usia 4-5 tahun PAUD Islam Al Zahra Martapura. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrument teknik observasi aktivitas guru, aktivitas anak dan hasil perkembangan nilai agama dan moral anak. Kegiatan penelitian ini dilaksanakan tiga kali pertemuan. Hasilnya menunjukan terdapat peningkatan aktivitas guru dari pertemuan pertama sampai dengan ketiga mulai dari mendapat kreteria” baik” sampai menjadi “sangat baik”. Aktivitas siswa mulai pertemuan pertama sampai dengan ketiga adanya peningkatan dari” cukup aktif” menjadi sangat aktif. Demikian pula hasil pengembangan nilai Agama dan moral anak sudah terlihat ketuntasan secara individu dan klasikal mulai dari pertemuan pertama sampai dengan ketiga mengalami perkembangan mulai dari 58,8%, menjadi 82,3%,. Berdasarkan kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian, bahwa pengembangan aspek nilai agama dan moral menggunakan model Explicit Instruction, kombinasi Picture and Picture dan Talking Stick dapat berhasil dan berkembang pada anak kelompok A di PAUD Islam Al Zahrah Martapura Kata kunci: Nilai, Agama, moral, model, Explicit Instruction, Picture and Picture, Talking Stick
NILAI BUDAYA KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM MELESTARIKAN LINGKUNGAN DI DESA CIMANGGU KECAMATAN NGAMPRAH BANDUNG BARAT
Authors: Indriani Sri Seti , Al-Faqih Muhammad Zen
Published: June 2020

Humans as caliphs in the world must preserve the environment because human survival is very dependent on the environment. In encouraging the preservation of the environment, the community must live up to the values of wisdom that support the maintenance and preservation of the environment. However, in the digital age, this has led to a shift in cultural values of local wisdom. These values are increasingly fading because media exposure is increasingly dominating all human life. As experienced by the community in Cimanggu Village, Ngamprah District, West Bandung. They recognize that there are changes and shifts in cultural values. The focus of this research is to look at the cultural values  of local wisdom that exist in the village and how the meaning of the shift in cultural values  of local wisdom by the media for the local community. This research is qualitative research with a phenomenological study approach. Data collection techniques using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study revealed that the cultural values  of local wisdom in the Cimanggu village were (1) Ngahiras, (2) Nyalin, (3) Tarawangsa, (4) Palak Science, (5) Palakiah, and (6) Kotok Jewer. The meaning of shifting the cultural values of local wisdom by the media for the local community includes: (1) Village communities perceive technological media as making rural communities more consumptive, (2) creating a shift in the professional direction of rice farmers into vegetable growers, and (3) Media exposure has a positive side as well as the negative side.
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations Are Associated With Mental Health and Psychosocial Stress in Young Adults
Authors: Chen Li , Zhu Haidong , Harshfield Gregory A. , Treiber Frank A. , Pollock Jennifer S. , Pollock David , Okereke Olivia I. , Su Shaoyong , Dong Yanbin
Published: June 2020

We aimed to test the hypothesis that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D] concentration is associated with mental health and life stress measures in young adults, and investigate sex and racial disparities in these associations. This study comprised 327 black and white participants. Depression, trait anxiety, perceived stress, and hostility were measured by validated instruments: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (CMHS). Linear regression was used to estimate correlations between serum 25(OH)D concentration and mental health measurements in total population and in subgroups stratified by sex and race. In this sample (28.2 ± 3.1 years, 48% male, 53% black), serum 25(OH)D concentration was negatively related to BDI, STAI, PSS, total CMHS score and the majority of CMHS subscale scores (p-values < 0.05). Stratified by sex, most of these associations remained significant only in women (p-values < 0.05). Stratified by race, higher 25(OH)D concentrations in the whites were significantly related to lower BDI, STAI, PSS, and CMHS-cynicism subscale (p-values < 0.05); 25(OH)D concentrations in the blacks were only inversely associated with CMHS and most CMHS subscales (p-values < 0.05), but not with BDI, STAI and PSS. We present novel findings of consistent inverse relationships between serum 25(OH)D concentration and various measures of mental health and life stress. Long-term interventional studies are warranted to investigate the roles of vitamin D supplementation in prevention and mitigation of depression, anxiety and psychological stress in young adults.
Cancer Before the Third Trimester of Pregnancy: How to Handle the Bioethical Dilemmas?- A Literature Review
Authors: Alpuim Costa Diogo , Nobre J. Guilherme
Published: June 2020

Background: ethical issues that arise during the care of a pregnant woman with cancer are challenging to physicians, policymakers, lawyers, and the bioethics community. This article is restricted to a discussion of ethical dilemmas and controversial case reports, mainly focused before the third trimester of pregnancy, when a conflict could exist between cancer and pregnancy outcomes.Methods: published literature was retrieved through searches in PubMed or Medline, CINAHL, the Cochrane and Google Academic in April 2020, using appropriate controlled keywords (cancer, neoplasm, pregnancy, ethics). Results were restricted to review articles, ethical perspectives, clinical practice guidelines and case-based teaching guides.Discussion: when a conflict arises in the maternal-foetus dyad, like the one related with cancer treatment and the risk of foetal demise, a range of ethical frameworks might be useful to consider in the decision-making process. Pragmatic theoretical approaches include case-based analysis, ethics of care, feminist theory, and traditional ethical principlism using the framework of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Also, societal and practitioner values could add value and an ethics consultation may be helpful to mediate conflict resolution. The physician must balance autonomy and beneficence-based obligations to the pregnant woman with cancer, along with beneficence-based obligations to the foetus.Conclusions: ethical challenges have received less attention in the literature, particularly before the third trimester of pregnancy. Best, unbiased and balanced information must be granted both to the patient and to the family, regarding the benefits and harms for the woman herself as well as for the foetal outcome.
Pengembangan Usaha Ekonomi Produktif pada Dasawisma 2 RT 01 RW 11 Desa Makamhaji Kecamatan Kartosuro Kabupaten Sukoharjo
Authors: Setyowati Setyowati , Rahayu Wiwit
Published: June 2020

Dasawisma memiliki potensi untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan keluarga melalui usaha produktif dari ibu-ibu anggota dasawisma. Sebagian anggota dasawisma 2 Dusun Gobayan RT 01 RW XI Desa Makamhaji memiliki keterampilan dalam pembuatan olahan pangan tetapi belum dikembangkan. Masalah yang dihadapi adalah kurangnya pemahaman tentang kewirausahaan dan keterbatasan peralatan produksi. Pengabdian ini dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Kegiatan yang dilakukan meliputi pelatihan kewirausahaan, introduksi alat produksi berupa alat pembuat stik, timbangan dan sealer, serta pendampingan. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah ibu-ibu anggota dasawisma memiliki pengetahuan tentang kewirausahaan, termotivasi untuk berwirausaha, dan memiliki alat produksi yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan usaha pembuatan stik. Hasil monitoring dan evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa ibu-ibu anggota dasawisma telah melakukan pembuatan stik aneka rasa kemudian dijual dengan cara dititipkan ke warung-warung, dijual online, dan juga menerima pesanan. Kegiatan pengabdian ini telah memunculkan usaha ekonomi produktif yang bermanfaat untuk menambah pendapatan rumah tangga ibu-ibu anggota dasawisma.
ULUSLARARASI PAY PİYASALARI ARASINDAKİ GETİRİ VE VOLATİLİTE YAYILIMI: GELİŞMİŞ ÜLKELER VE SEÇİLMİŞ GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELER ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: GÜRSOY Samet , GOVDERE Bekir
Published: June 2020

Günümüzde gelişmiş ülkelerdeki fon yatırımcıları hem portföy çeşitlendirmesi hem de risk yönetimi açısından fonlarını aktaracak düşük korelasyonlu yatırım araçları ve finansal piyasa arayışına girmiştir. Bilginin finansal piyasalar arasındaki hızlı yolculuğu piyasalardaki dalgalanmaların şiddetlenmesine ve böylelikle olası finansal krizlerin daha hızlı bir şekilde diğer ülkelere bulaşmasına sebep olmaktadır. Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler arasındaki getiri ve volatilite yayımlarının tespit edilmeye çalışıldığı bu araştırmada 02.01.2006-15.09.2017 dönemleri aralığındaki günlük veriler kullanılmıştır. Kurulan çok değişkenli VAR-EGARCH modeli ortalama denklemi sonuçlarına göre; ABD başta olmak üzere İngiltere ve Japonya pay piyasalarından örnekleme dahil edilen tüm gelişmekte olan ülkelere doğru güçlü bir getiri yayılımın olduğu, volatilite yayılımı açısından ise bu ülkeler üzerinde Fransa ve İngiltere’nin daha baskın olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Diğer bir taraftan gelişmiş ülke pay piyasalarında oluşan bir hareketlilikten en çok etkilenen piyasanın Endonezya pay piyasası, en az etkilenen piyasanın ise Güney Afrika pay piyasası olduğu bulgusu elde edilmiştir. Gelişmekte olan ülkeler arasında kurulan çok değişkenli VAR-EGARCH model sonuçlarına göre getiri yayılımı açısından ülkeler arasında çok yönlü öncül/ardıl ilişkilerinin olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Volatilite yayılımı açısından bakıldığında ise Türkiye dışındaki dört ülkeye ait pay piyasaları arasında dikkate değer bir volatilite etkileşimi görülürken Türkiye’nin diğer ülkelerde oluşan volatilite akımlarından en az etkilenen ülke olduğu görülmüştür.
Burden of stillbirths and associated factors in Yirgalem Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: a facility based cross-sectional study
Authors: Mengesha Sintayehu , Dangisso Mesay Hailu
Published: June 2020

Background Stillbirth is an adverse pregnancy outcome of public health importance causing considerable psychosocial burden for parents and their family. Studies on stillbirth are scarce in southern Ethiopia. An assessment of stillbirths and associated factors in health care settings helps in devising strategies for tailored interventions. Therefore, we assessed the burden of stillbirths and associated factors in Yirgalem Hospital, southern Ethiopia. Methods : A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted between 1 August 2015 and 30 July 2016. We randomly selected medical records of pregnant women from a hospital delivery registry. Bivariate analysis was employed to assess the association between independent and dependent variables using chi-square with significant p-value. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for stillbirths and to control for confounding. Results : Of 374 reviewed records of pregnant women, 370 were included for the study. The magnitude of stillbirths was 92 per 1000 births. Fifteen, (44.1%) of fetal deaths occurred after admission to the hospital. In multivariate logistic regression, stillbirths were higher among low birth-weight babies (<2500grams) (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 10.70, 95% CI 3.18-35.97) than normal birth-weight babies (2500-<4000). Pregnant women who experienced a prolonged labour for more than 48 hours were 12 times (AOR: 12.15, 95% CI 1.76-84.12) more likely to have stillbirths than pregnant women without a prolonged labour. Pregnant women with obstetric complications were 19.8 times more likely to have stillbirths than pregnant women without obstetric complications. Similarly, pregnant women with at least 2 pregnancies were more likely to have stillbirths than pregnant women with less than two pregnancies (AOR: 4.39, 95% CI 1.21-15.85). Conclusion: We found a high burden of stillbirths in the study setting. Modifiable risk factors contributed to a higher risk of stillbirths; therefore, tailored interventions such as early identification and management of prolonged labour and obstetric complication at each level of health system could avert preventable stillbirths.
Substance P enhances the local activation of NK1R-expressing c-Kit+ cardiac progenitor cells in right atrium of ischemia/reperfusion-injured heart
Authors: Jeong YunMi , Cheng Xian Wu , Lee KyungHye , LEE SORA , Cho Haneul , Kim Weon
Published: June 2020

Background: Localization of neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), the endogenous receptor for neuropeptide substance P (SP), has already been described for the right atrium (RA) of the heart. However, the biological role of SP/NK1R signal pathways in the RA remains unclear. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=22 each); subjected to sham, ischemia/reperfusion-injury (I/R), I/R with 5 nmole/kg SP injection (SP+I/R), and SP+I/R with 1 mg/kg RP67580 injection (RP, a selective non-peptide tachykinin NK1R antagonist) (RP/SP+I/R). The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 40 min followed by 1 day reperfusion with SP or SP+RP or without either. After 1 day, both atria and ventricles as well as the heart apexes were collected. Results: SP promoted the expression of c-Kit, GATA4, Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 in only the RA of the SP+I/R rats via NK1R activation. In agreement with these observations, NK1R-expressing c-Kit+ Nkx2.5+GATA4+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) in the ex vivo RA explant outgrowth assay markedly migrated out from RA1 day SP+I/R approximately 2-fold increase more than RA1 day I/R. Treatment of SP promoted proliferation, migration, cardiosphere formation, and potential to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. Using RP inhibitor, NK1R antagonist not only inhibited cell proliferation and migration but also reduced the formation of cardiosphere and differentiation of c-Kit+ CPCs Conclusion: SP/NK1R might play a role as a key mediator involved in the cellular response to c-Kit+ CPC expansion in RA of the heart within 24 h after I/R.
Disruption of a primary health care domestic violence and abuse service in two London boroughs: interrupted time series evaluation
Authors: Panovska-Griffiths Jasmina , Sohal Alex Hardip , Martin Peter , Capelas Estela Barbosa , Johnson Medina , Howell Annie , Lewis Natalia , Feder Gene , Griffiths Chris , Eldridge Sandra
Published: June 2020

Background Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) is experienced by about 1/3 of women globally and remains a major health concern worldwide. IRIS (Identification and Referral to Improve Safety of women affected by DVA) is a complex, system-level, training and support programme, designed to improve the primary healthcare response to DVA. Following a successful trial in England, since 2011 IRIS has been implemented in eleven London boroughs. In two boroughs the service was disrupted temporarily. This study evaluates the impact of that service disruption.Methods We used anonymised data on daily referrals received by DVA service providers from general practices in two IRIS implementation boroughs that had service disruption for a period of time (six and three months). In line with previous work we refer to these as boroughs B and C. The primary outcome was the number of daily referrals received by the DVA service provider across each borough over 48 months (March 2013-April 2017) in borough B and 42 months (October 2013-April 2017) in borough C. The data were analysed using interrupted-time series, non-linear regression with sensitivity analyses exploring different regression models. Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR), 95% confidence intervals and p-values associated with the disruption were reported for each borough.Results A mixed-effects negative binomial regression was the best fit model to the data. In borough B, the disruption, lasted for about six months, reducing the referral rate significantly (p=0.006) by about 70% (95%CI=(23%,87%)). In borough C, the three-month service disruption, also significantly (p=0.005), reduced the referral rate by about 49% (95% CI=(18%,68%)). Conclusions Disrupting the IRIS service substantially reduced the rate of referrals to DVA service providers. Our findings are evidence in favour of continuous funding and staffing of IRIS as a system level programme.
Association of PIN3 16-bp Duplication Polymorphism of TP53 gene with Breast Cancer Risk in Mali and A Meta-analysis.
Authors: Diakite Brehima , Kassogue Yaya , Dolo Guimogo , Kassogue Oumar , Keita Mamadou Lassine , Joyce Brian , Neuschler Erin , Wang Jun , Musa Jonah , Traore Cheick Bougari , Kamate Bakarou , Dembele Etienne , Sellama Nadifi , Isichei Mercy , Holl Jane L , Murphy Robert , Doumbia Seydou , Hou Lifang , Maiga Mamoudou
Published: June 2020

Background. Breast cancer, the most common tumor in women in Mali and worldwide has been linked to several risk factors, including genetic factors, such as the PIN3 16-bp duplication polymorphism of TP53. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of the PIN3 16-bp duplication polymorphism in the susceptibility to breast cancer in the Malian population and to perform a meta-analysis to better understand the correlation with data from other populations.Methods. We analyzed the PIN3 16-bp duplication polymorphism in blood samples of 60 Malian women with breast cancer and 60 healthy Malian women using PCR. In addition, we performed a meta-analysis of case-control study data from international databases, including Pubmed, Harvard University Library, Genetics Medical Literature Database, Genesis Library and Web of Science. Overall, odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI from fixed and random effects models were determined. Inconsistency was used to assess heterogeneity between studies and publication bias was estimated using the funnel plot.Results. In the studied Malian patients, a significant association of PIN3 16-bp duplication polymorphism with breast cancer risk was observed in dominant (A1A2+A2A2 vs. A1A1: OR = 2.26, CI 95% = 1.08-4.73; P = 0.02) and additive (A2 vs. A1: OR =1.87, CI 95% = 1.05-3.33; P = 0.03) models, but not in the recessive model (P = 0.38). In the meta-analysis, nineteen (19) articles were included with a total of 6,018 disease cases and 4,456 controls. Except for the dominant model (P = 0.15), an increased risk of breast cancer was detected with the recessive (OR=1.46, 95% CI = 1.15-1.85; P = 0.002) and additive (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.02-1.19; P = 0.01) models.Conclusion. The case-control study showed that PIN3 16-bp duplication polymorphism of TP53 is a significant risk factor for breast cancer in Malian women. These findings are supported by data from the meta-analysis carried out on different ethnic groups around the world.
Social marketing interventions to promote physical activity among 60 years and older: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Goethals Luc , Barth Nathalie , Hupin David , Mulvey Michael S. , Roche Frederic , Gallopel-Morvan Karine , Bongue Bienvenu
Published: June 2020

Background: Falls are a significant source of morbidity in people aged 65 and over, affecting one in three people in this age group. The scientific evidence indicates that physical activity is the most effective method for preventing falls among seniors. Although public health professionals often use social marketing to design and plan successful interventions, its use to promote physical activity and prevent falls among older people remains low. This article aims to provide a new systematic literature review of social marketing interventions promoting physical activity and targeting people aged 60 and over.Methods: Following CRD’s guidance and PRISMA guidelines, we searched between January 2008 and July 2019 for relevant articles in five primary databases using predefined search and inclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers analysed the selected articles to identify evidence of the seven social marketing benchmark criteria, defined by experts in the field as the common elements that contribute to social marketing success.Results: The final review included nine studies. Of the studies selected, three specifically targeted over 60-year-olds, whereas the others segmented the population into several age-based subcategories, including over 60-year-olds. Eight studies highlighted positive results for the participants with an increase in participation or an increase in physical activity level. None of the nine studies selected for this systematic review implemented the entire social marketing approach.Conclusion: Few published interventions use the seven social marketing criteria. Further research is required to encourage uptake and inclusion in successful social marketing interventions to increase program effectiveness in this target population.
What is the role of the Practice Nurse in the care of people living with dementia, or cognitive impairment, and their support person(s)? : A systematic review.
Authors: Gibson Caroline , Goeman Dianne , Pond Dimity
Published: June 2020

Background: The potential value of expanding the Practice Nurse role to include the recognition and management of dementia has been acknowledged and Practice Nurses are well-positioned to provide comprehensive dementia information and support so that people living with dementia are better equipped to self-manage their health and live well with dementia. The purpose of this review was to systematically examine published Australian and international literature to identify the existing and potential roles of Practice Nurse’s involvement in the delivery of care to people living with dementia or cognitive impairment and their support person(s) and also describe the characteristics and effectiveness of nurse interventions in dementia models of care in general practice. Methods: We systematically reviewed the evidence for roles and characteristics of the Practice Nurse in the delivery of dementia care. A comprehensive literature search identified relevant original research published in English between January 2000 and January 2019 and available in full text. Thirteen articles were included. Results: Characteristics of roles, undertaken by nurses working in the general practice setting, which were potentially beneficial to people living with dementia and their support person were identified. These included increased patient accessibility to the Practice Nurse, early recognition and management of cognitive changes, care management and collaboration with the General Practitioner. Limitations of the provision of dementia care by Practice Nurses included a lack of definition of the role, inadequate dementia specific training, time constraints and poor communication with General Practitioners. Conclusions Further research is required to define and evaluate the scope of practice and characteristics of the Practice Nurse role in dementia care provision. Embedding in usual general practice care an evidence-based model of care describing the role of the Practice Nurse in dementia care provision has the potential to increase early recognition of cognitive impairment and more appropriate primary care management of dementia. Systematic Review registration number PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018088191
Bacteria drug resistance profile affects knee and hip periprosthetic joint infection outcome with debridement, antibiotics and implant retention
Authors: Rudelli Bruno Alves , Giglio Pedro Nogueira , Carvalho Vladimir Cordeiro , Pecora Jose Ricardo , Gurgel Henrique Melo Campos , Gobbi Riccardo Gomes , Vicente Jose Ricardo Negreiros , Lima Ana Lucia Lei Munhoz , Helito Camilo Partezani
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR) with the exchange of modular components is the most widely used option for the treatment of acute periprosthetic joint infections. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of bacteria drug resistance profile on the success rates of DAIR. METHODS: All early acute periprosthetic infections in hip and knee arthroplasties treated with DAIR at our institution over the period from 2011 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The success rate was evaluated according to the type of organism identified in culture: multidrug-sensitive (MSB), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MRB) and according to other risk factors for treatment failure. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistics.RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients were analyzed; there were 37 in the multidrug-sensitive bacteria (MSB) group, 11 in the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) group and 9 in the other multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MRB) group. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the treatment failure rate among the three groups: 8.3% for the MSB group, 18.2% for the MRSA group and 55.6% for the MRB group (p=0.005). Among the other risk factors for treatment failure, the presence of inflammatory arthritis presented a failure rate of 45.1 (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: DAIR showed a good success rate in cases of early acute infection by multidrug-sensitive bacteria. In the presence of infection by multidrug-resistant bacteria or association with rheumatic diseases the treatment failure rate was higher and other surgical options should be considered in this specific population. The MRSA group showed intermediate results between MSB and MRB and should be carefully evaluated.
The gut microbiota regulates autism-like behavior by mediating vitamin B6 homeostasis in EphB6-deficient mice
Authors: Li Jian-Ming , Li Ying , Luo Zheng-Yi , Hu Yu-Ying , Bi Yue-Wei , Yang Jian-Ming , Zou Wen-Jun , Song Yun-Long , Li Shi , Shen Tong , Li Shu-Ji , Huang Lang , Zhou Ai-Jun , Gao Tian-Ming
Published: June 2020

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder, and the effective pharmacological treatments for the core autistic symptoms are currently limited. Increasing evidence, particularly that from clinical studies on ASD patients, suggests a functional link between the gut microbiota and the development of ASD. However, the mechanisms linking the gut microbiota with brain dysfunctions (gut-brain axis) in ASD have not yet been full elucidated. Due to its genetic mutations and downregulated expression in patients with ASD, EPHB6, which also plays important roles in gut homeostasis, is generally considered a candidate gene for ASD. Nonetheless, the role and mechanism of EPHB6 in regulating the gut microbiota and the development of ASD are unclear.Results Here, we found that the deletion of EphB6 induced autism-like behavior and disturbed the gut microbiota in mice. More importantly, transplantation of the fecal microbiota from EphB6-deficient mice resulted in autism-like behavior in antibiotic-treated C57BL/6J mice, and transplantation of the fecal microbiota from wild-type mice ameliorated the autism-like behavior in EphB6-deficient mice. At the metabolic level, the disturbed gut microbiota in EphB6-deficient mice led to vitamin B6 and dopamine defects. At the cellular level, the excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance in the medial prefrontal cortex was regulated by gut microbiota-mediated vitamin B6 in EphB6-deficient mice.Conclusions Our study uncovers a key role for the gut microbiota in the regulation of autism-like social behavior by vitamin B6, dopamine and the E/I balance in EphB6-deficient mice, and these findings suggest new strategies for understanding and treating ASD.
Facilitating community participation in family planning and contraceptives service provision and uptake: community and health provider perspectives
Authors: Silumbwe Adam , Nkole Theresa , Munakampe Margarate N , Cordero Joanna Paula , Milford Cecilia , Zulu Joseph Mumba , Steyn Petrus S
Published: June 2020

Background: Although community participation has been identified as being important for improved and sustained health outcomes, the challenge of designing and successfully implementing it in large scale public health programmes, including family planning and contraceptive (FP/C) service provision remains. Zambian participants in a multi-country project (the UPTAKE project) took part in the development of an intervention involving community and healthcare provider participation in FP/C services provision and uptake. This study reports key thematic areas identified by the study participants as critical to facilitating community participation in this intervention. Methods: This was an exploratory qualitative research study, conducted in Kabwe District, Central Province, in 2017. Twelve focus group discussions were conducted with community members (n=114), two with healthcare providers (n=19), and ten in-depth interviews with key community and health sector stakeholders. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis approach. Results: Four thematic categories were identified by the participants as critical to facilitating community participation in FP/C services. Firstly, accountability in the recruitment of community participants and incorporation of community feedback in FP/C programming. Secondly, engagement of existing community resources and structures in FP/C services provision. Thirdly, building trust in FP/C methods/services through credible community-based distributors and promotion of appropriate FP/C methods/services. Fourthly, promoting facilitative strategies that address structural failures such as feminisation of FP/C services and the lack of FP/C services responsive to adolescent needs. Conclusions: Understanding and considering community members’ and healthcare providers’ views regarding contextualized and locally relevant participatory approaches, facilitators and challenges to participation, could improve the design, implementation and success of participatory public health programmes, including FP/C.