bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive respiratory support via nasal cannula in premature infants: Is it really safe?
Authors: Büyüktiryaki Mehmet , Okur Nilüfer , Kadıoğlu-Şimşek Gülsüm , Kanmaz Hayriye Gözde , Canpolat Fuat Emre
Published: January 2020

With this observational study we attempted to assess whether nasal cannulas originally used to administer high flow could be effectively used as an interface to provide ventilator generated noninvasive respiratory support. Preterm infants whose gestational ages between 26 < sup > 0/7 < /sup > and 29 < sup > 6/7 < /sup > weeks with respiratory instability who initially received noninvasive respiratory support with binasal prongs and then switched to nasal cannula with attending physician`s decision were included. Six infants (27%) needed intubation and mechanical ventilation while getting noninvasive support via nasal cannula, whereas this was not observed during noninvasive ventilation via short binasal prongs (p=0.02). Despite the nasal cannula being easy to use and well tolerated by the preterm infant, it is not as effective as the short binasal prong when it is used as an interface in a mechanical ventilator that provides noninvasive respiratory support other than its own equipment.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura as a rare cause of anemia with thrombocytopenia in childhood: report of 2 cases
Authors: Köker Oya , Yıldırmak Zeynep Yıldız , Genç Dildar Bahar , Kılıçaslan Önder
Published: January 2020

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare multisystem disorder characterized by single or recurrent episodes of thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and widespread microvascular thrombosis, which causes significant morbidity and mortality unless promptly recognized and treated. The underlying pathogenesis is a defect in von Willebrand factor (vWF) cleaving protease, called `A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Type 1 Repeats 13 (ADAMTS-13)`. There are 2 forms: congenital TTP (ADAMTS-13 gene mutations) and acquired TTP (autoantibodies and ADAMTS-13 deficiency). We presented two patients who initially presented with thrombotic microangiopathy and were later diagnosed with TTP upon demonstration of the deficiency in ADAMTS-13 activity.
Survival analysis of renal patients underwent transplantation in Kyrgyz Republic and various countries by 10 years follow-up
Authors: Gaibyldaev Zhanybek , Ashimov Zhamalbek , Abibillaev Damirbek , Kocyigit Fuat
Published: January 2020

In our study we conducted survival analysis of 204 patients visited Scientific-Research Institute of Heart Surgery and Organs transplantation and who underwent renal transplantation in Kyrgyzstan and other Eurasian countries between 2005 and 2016 years (age range: 9-71 years, mean: 38.21 (12.74) years, median: 34.0 (0.89) years; gender: 142 male (69.6%)).

During follow-up period, mortality event was observed in 16 (7.84%) patients. Survival function probabilities of patients and rational risk factors of survival functions were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses, respectively. According to Kaplan-Meier results survival probabilities calculated for 1st year: 0.96 (0.014), for 3rd year: 0.94 (0.018), for 5th year: 0.86 (0.04), for 7th year: 0.75 (0.10). Among age groups 28-39 age ranges prevailed by 11 patients. Nevertheless, that difference did not show statistical significance: p˃0.322. The intensity of transplantation also analyzed according to years, which revealed increasing in numbers of operations by time. For instance, when in 2006 only two cases were registered in our center, but numbers of transplanted patients reached up to 48 in 2015. The association of mortality states and years of transplantation found significantly by Kaplan-Meier test (Breslow p˂0.001). The survival analysis was compared according to countries and revealed significant results (Breslow p˂0.05). From other factors influencing mortality, sex did not show strong impact on survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis, but significant association was found by Cox regression analysis.
Pemanfaatan Teknologi Pengelolaan OPT Tanaman Sayuran Berbahan Baku Ramah Lingkungan Di Kanagarian Paninjauan Kabupaten Tanah Datar
Authors: Khairul Ujang , Reflin Reflin , Arneti Arneti
Published: January 2020

Activity of use management technologogy for pest and plant disease control on vegetables based environment friendly in nagari Paninjauan Kabupaten Tanah Datar  has been carried out from June  to November  2014. This activity aims to improve farmers knowledge about the diseases attack of vegetables  and know how to  manage the disease using biopesticide and botanic biopesticide,

These activities include: Counseling and training, and evaluation.  Results of monitoring the level of disease in vegetable crops is known that those plants attacked by pest and pathogens e.i, soft rot  (cabbage),  anthracnosa, bacterial wilt and leaf spot (chili), tuber rot ( carrots) and bacterial leaf blight and Alternaria spots (onion leaves). Attack rate ranged between 16 – 20% for disease and 15 – 30% for pest.  From the activities can be take several conclusions: (1) Extent of disease in vegetable crops in this area is high, (2) The farmers do not yet understand the causes of pest and plant disease (pathogens) that attack their vegetable crops, (3) The farmers do not understand the methods of disease control using biopesticide and botanic biopesticide, (4) The extension and field practice, have improved farmers' knowledge about the management of vegetable diseases using biopesticides and botanic biopesticide
Numerical analysis for coupled systems of two-dimensional time-space fractional Schrödinger equations with trapping potentials
Authors: HİÇDURMAZ Betül
Published: January 2020

In this study general and classical coupled systems of nonlinear time-space fractional Schrödinger equations (TSFSDE) with trapping potentials are investigated with a numerical approach. Theorems on stability of the finite difference schemes for such problems are established and presented with their proofs. Numerical solutions are investigated for one and two-dimensional cases. Convergence rates are proved by numerical experiments. Effect of a trapping potential on such systems is searched throughout the paper.
MARCAS TERRITORIAIS DA MULTICULTURALIDADE EM SANTOS/SP: IMIGRANTES PORTUGUESES E ESPANHÓIS NO SÉCULO 19
Authors: Lisboa Wellington Teixeira
Published: January 2020

A cidade de Santos, situada no litoral paulista, vem se configurando como um território multicultural desde o período colonial brasileiro, com especial destaque na segunda metade do século 19. A dinâmica agroexportadora da economia cafeeira constituiu o cenário de atração de populações variadas a esse município articulador das transações portuárias oitocentistas, sendo que, naquele quadro, os imigrantes portugueses e espanhóis atuaram como personagens centrais no redesenho das realidades econômicas, políticas, socioculturais, urbanísticas em Santos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar elementos que contribuam para um capítulo da história da formação territorial e cultural deste município, com foco particular nos fluxos migratórios ibéricos ao longo do século 19, sobretudo na sua segunda metade. Com efeito, a perspectiva historiográfica e de fontes primárias permitirá a identificação e análise das marcas territoriais que narram o protagonismo dessas populações na formação da Santos multicultural, articulando memória, identidade e patrimônio das migrações ibéricas nesse litoral paulista.Palavras-chave: Santos. Imigração portuguesa. Imigração espanhola. Território multicultural.ABSTRACTLocated on the coast of São Paulo, Brazil, the city of Santos has become a multicultural territory since the colonial period in that country, especially in the second half of the 19th century. The agro-exporting dynamics of the coffee economy constituted the scenario of attraction of varied populations to this municipality that articulated the port transactions. In that context, Portuguese and Spanish immigrants acted as central characters in the redesign of economic, political, socio-cultural and urban realities in Santos. This study aims to present a chapter of the history of the territorial and cultural formation of this municipality, with particular focus on Iberian migratory flows throughout the 19th century, especially in the second half. In fact, the historiographical perspective will allow the identification and analysis of the territorial marks that narrate the protagonism of these populations in the formation of the multicultural Santos, articulating memory, identity and patrimony of the Iberian migrations in this coast of São Paulo.Keywords: Santos. Portuguese immigration. Spanish immigration. Multicultural territory.
CONCEPÇÕES E PRÁTICAS EM EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL DOS AGENTES DE COMBATE A ENDEMIAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE NOVO HAMBURGO/RS
Authors: Rosa Roberta Soares da , Braido Janaína Agostini , Caporlingua Vanessa Hernandez
Published: January 2020

Este estudo apresenta as concepções e práticas de Agentes de Combate a Endemias município de Novo Hamburgo/RS, bem como reflexões acerca daquelas, com o objetivo de rever a metodologia do trabalho realizado, sob a ótica da Educação Ambiental (EA) crítica, contribuindo para inovação e atualização do Programa Nacional de Combate à Dengue – PNCD. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, com a utilização de metodologias participativas, tendo como referência a EA crítica descritas por Marcos Reigota, Philippe Pomier Layragues e Mauro Guimarães. A pesquisa teve como questão central se os Agentes de Combate a Endemias do município de Novo Hamburgo desenvolvem seu trabalho na perspectiva da EA crítica. Os resultados apontaram que a maioria dos agentes apresenta uma concepção de meio ambiente antropocêntrica e naturalista, o que dificulta a realização de ações no sentido da EA crítica. Após palestras e rodas de conversas acerca dos fundamentos da EA, foram sugeridas algumas mudanças na forma de trabalho, como ações em rede entre as diferentes políticas no município, bem como pistas para uma revisão das ações do Programa Nacional de Combate à Dengue que levem ao seu desenvolvimento na perspectiva de uma EA crítica, com resultados no combate ao Aedes aegypti mais satisfatórios.Palavras-chave: Aedes aegypti. Educação Ambiental Crítica. Educação em Saúde.ABSTRACTThis study presents the conceptions and practices of Agents of Combat to Endemias in the municipality of Novo Hamburgo / RS. As well as reflections about those, with the objective of reviewing the methodology of the work done, from the point of view of Environmental Education (EA) critical, contributing to innovation and updating of the National Program to Combat Dengue - PNCD. It is a qualitative research, using participatory methodologies, using as reference the critical EA described by Marcos Reigota, Philippe Pomier Layragues and Mauro Guimarães. The research had as central question if the Agents of Endemias Fight of the municipality of Novo Hamburgo develop their work in the perspective of the critical EA. The results showed that most of the agents present a conception of anthropocentric and naturalistic environment, which makes it difficult to perform actions in the sense of critical EA. After conferences and discussions about the fundamentals of EA, some changes in the way of work were suggested, such as network actions between the different policies in the municipality, as well as clues for a review of the actions of the National Program to Combat Dengue that lead to its development in the perspective of a critical AE, with results in the more satisfactory Aedes aegypti.Keywords: Aedes aegypti. Critical Environmental Education. Health education.
Research and Application of Downhole Remote Wireless Control Technology Based on Gas Pressure Wave in Tubing
Authors: He Mingge , Ma Zihan , Chen Ke , Yu Bing
Published: January 2020

In order to make informed decisions and optimize the behavior of downhole tools, a technology based on pressure wave has been put forward to communicate the downhole tool from surface. The key enabling for downlink communication is real-time telemetry of data from surface to bottom tool assembly. This process involves of establishing mathematical models of pressure wave data transmission, encoding and decoding the pressure wave signals and developing a downhole communication processing system. According to field test and production test, the wireless control downhole throttle has been successfully operated along with pressure wave telemetry. The pressure wave communication technology takes advantages of the control valves in ground production manifold to pre-program wave signals. The wave signals are encoded by the variation of pressure and transmitted to the downhole control system where the signals will be decoded as executive command to downhole tools. The practice shows that this technology provides a simple and reliable mode of communication for gas production and development. And it also has a bright future of application and dissemination in wellbore control of gas well.
Insight into Secondary Posterior Formation Damage During Barite Filter Cake Removal in Calcite Formations
Authors: Al Jaberi Jaber B. , Bageri Badr S. , Barri Assad , Adebayo Abdulrauf , Patil Shirish , Babu Rahul , Rizwanullah Syed
Published: January 2020

Filter cake formed by barite-based drilling fluid is often soaked with chelating agent removal treatment 24 hours to be dissolved after the drilling operation. During the removal process, the chelating agent absorbs barite from the filter cake to form a barite chelate. Due to the heterogeneity of the filter cake thickness where the thinner parts may dissolve faster and due to long soaking time, the removal fluid will have more time to invade the formation. This paper investigates the interaction between the barite chelate and the calcite formation after filter cake dissolution.

The barite filter cake was formed over the face of calcite rock samples using a High-Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) fluid loss apparatus. Chelating agent solution was then used to dissolve the filter cake. NMR spectroscopy and X-ray CT images were applied to study the changes in the pore size distributions of the calcite rock samples at pre and post-invasion states.

The result of this work showed that barite chelate released barite precipitates into the pores of the cores and then absorbed Calcium cations from the rock minerals. The barite chelates released barites into the macropores and absorbed cations from the micropores. CT scan and spatial NMR analysis also showed that the chelating agent was not able to create wormholes after releasing barite. A detailed explanation of the observed results is presented with supporting results.

Based on the obtained results in this work, several recommendations were drawn for removing the barite filter cake in the filed application without causing any severe secondary formation damage.
Knowledge Management and Organizational Transformation-A Quantitative Study
Authors: Arukhe James , Abdullah Enazi , Al-Ghamdi Saleh
Published: January 2020

Efforts of major oil companies to fortify organizational capability or transform into energy companies for greater competitiveness are not new. Well guided change processes could result in improved performance and lead to more focus on strategic prospects. The objective of the work upon which the paper is based is to investigate employees' assessments of the influence of knowledge management (KM) dimensions (knowledge propagation, absorption, creation, and application) on organizational transformation (OT).

The study involved statistical inferences given data collected from a representative sample of respondents across different units. The application of simple quantitative multiple regression techniques to evaluate relationships between KM activities and OT is explored.

Data were screened for normality with skewness and kurtosis statistics, ANOVA, t-tests, Pearson's correlations method, and multiple regressions. No sampling bias was present during data collection from the representative sample. Regression and reliability coefficients, variance inflation factors, and correlation matrix were determined to ascertain the effects of KM activities on OT. Results presented only show the thought process involved in the execution of this quantitative process.

All scopes of KM exhibited strong links with OT in the study. Three aspects of KM (knowledge absorption, knowledge creation, and knowledge application) correlated with OT significantly. Reliability coefficients ranged from .92 for knowledge absorption to .954 for knowledge application. Knowledge propagation did not contribute considerably to the regression model, but contributed to the test of the bivariate correlation between OT and knowledge propagation. When the various KM components were combined, all of the KM variables collectively predicted OT with the exception of knowledge propagation.

The findings of the study address the link between OT and KM dimensions. Evidently, OT largely relies on the application of the four KM dimensions; thus, company management needs work towards implementing the strategy of knowledge creation, absorption, propagation and application.

The results of the study improve the understanding and measurement of KM dimensions and how these influence OT, sustainable growth, organizational change and design. Faced with the challenge to maximize organization outcomes, leaders can exploit several alternatives to accelerate OT.
Novel Approach for Lost Circulation Treatment While Drilling with an MPD System by Using a Combined High-Strength, Pressure-Activated and Thixotropic Swelling Polymers
Authors: Ombe Ebikebena M. , Elyas Odai , Cox Darrel , Barry James A.
Published: January 2020

This paper is a study on a novel approach for specialized lost circulation treatment while drilling with a managed pressure drilling (MPD) system through weak and over-pressurized zones where high density water-based drilling fluids are required. These weak zones are characterized by natural and induced fractures. This study includes a review of different lost circulation scenarios encountered while drilling, a root cause analysis of these losses and the successful applications of this novel high-strength, pressure-activated, high-solids lost circulation material (LCM) pill combined with a unique thixotropic swelling polymer pill. The combination pill was applied in a high pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) environment where conventional LCM could not stop the losses or minimize the losses.

This new technique uses two pills pumped in tandem, a swelling polymer pill followed by a high-strength pressure-activated pill. The technique involves mixing, pumping, spotting and squeezing procedures while the wellbore was pressurized via the annulus. It resulted in the total treatment of the losses as well as strengthening of the formation to being able to withstand 2 pcf of additional equivalent mud weight (EMW) to its in-situ fracture pressure limit. Meanwhile, other conventional lost circulation treatment techniques and products only resulted in a temporary fix of the lost circulation and the wellbore eventually broke down again after drilling resumed. This occurred because the LCM did not remain in the fractures and was eventually removed from the wellbore.

This new technique is safe, reliable and reduces the frequency and likelihood of formation influx and losses. It ultimately improves crossflow management and minimizes non-productive time associated with lost circulation. This paper will discuss different lost circulation scenarios, and the successful application of the high-strength, pressure-activated, high-solid squeeze and thixotropic swelling polymer solutions. It will also highlight the formation lithology and characteristics of the lost circulation zone as well as illustrate the operational sequence for spotting this specialized lost circulation treatment.
Capillary Pressure - An Integrated Flow Chart for Carbonate Reservoir Characterization from Resource Assessment to Field Development and EOR Applications
Authors: Rabiller Philippe , Gerges Nader
Published: January 2020

Aiming to improve the characterization of Carbonate Reservoirs from resource assessment to optimization of the static and dynamic modeling, we describe a holistic flowchart for an integrated approach by using the capillary pressure measurements. Its most innovative steps from pore scale to field scale is illustrated on a Super Giant Carbonate Reservoir from the Middle East.

The flowchart relies on patented, published and proven "data driven" algorithmic techniques (k-NN, Histogram Upscaling and MRGC-CFSOM clustering) devoid of any user’s bias. Its capability to integrate Static and Dynamic, from Pore Scale to Log scale, stems from the integration, prediction and upscaling at log scale, over cored and un-cored intervals of MICP curves together with all core and log material. Predictions by means of "k-NN multiple modeling" of SCAL & RCA plug measurements allows a reliable and accurate characterization of the rock matrix at log scale, while quantifying its degree of heterogeneity. By revealing to the geoscientists, the pore scale rock texture, its stratigraphic evolution and its heterogeneities, the continuous profile of upscaled Pore Size Distribution (PSD) curves vs logs provides invaluable information on the rock forming processes controlling the matrix Porous Network.

By applying the Purcell theory onto the upscaled PSD, the "Log scale" Permeability and the true FZI and Rmh are computed which are then used as input to a e-Facies model (MRGC-CFSOM) by integrating to other logs and core material. The e-Facies model is interpreted in terms of "matrix" storage and flow parameters as well as in terms of depositional mechanisms and diagenetic overprints, in the light of the core descriptions whose Petrophysical pertinence is thoroughly and quantitatively validated with all the Petrophysical material.

By reversing the method used to derive PSD from MICP saturation curves and using the Pc equating the buoyancy forces at any depth increment, the saturation at any depth increment above the actual Free Water Level (or a scenario of FWL), is computed from the continuous profile of upscaled PSD. Production data, RSTs and PLTS provide the information on total flow and by subtracting matrix contribution to the total flow, the location and quantification of the contribution of the depth intervals with large vugs and fractures is greatly eased, particularly if Borehole imagery is available. The contribution of Matrix, large vugs and fractures are then merged into a single model used for robust well to well correlations, zonation of the reservoir, 3D gridding and volumetric evaluation.

Using this innovative flowchart approach, characterization of high permeability streaks, saturation height function and chemical polymer EOR processes were greatly improved as input to the static and dynamic model history match exercise.
Automatic Reservoir Interpretation from Conventional Well Logs Using Stacking Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Yuan Duo , Li Yongjie , Zhang Wei , Wu Haiyan , Wang Wei
Published: January 2020

Log interpretation is usually a significant job for asset development with relative high uncertainties and low efficiency. Incorrect results are associated with several negative effects. Remarkable efforts have been made to develop machine learning method to solve this problem. However, with only a single algorithm, the performance may be limited. To maximize prediction accuracy, we present another option using stacking machine learning technique, within which different types of base machine learning algorithms function together through a mega - classifier. Compared with the best performed single algorithm, stacking algorithm performs better, achieving 85.3% in prediction accuracy and 81.2% in F1 score. These results suggest that this strategy could lead to better prediction and improve the prediction accuracy.
How Cybersecurity Policies Enable IR 4.0 Emerging Technologies
Authors: Al-Sharidah Ahmad , Syed Asad , Alsannat Essa , Gaddourah Ayman
Published: January 2020

In the fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0), the information technology (IT) infrastructure initiates more opportunities and new challenges due to the use of autonomous smart technologies, processes and inter-device communication that is heavily involved in the IR 4.0 for production with the value proposition. With IR 4.0, new technologies will emerge into new ways of handling complex tasks in robust techniques utilizing smart manufacturing technologies and digitized supply networks in business-driven operations. This leads to new cybersecurity risks that might cause infrequent business disruptions due to the increasing of sophisticated cyberthreats targeting the business-critical infrastructure. Cybersecurity policies, with associated standards, procedures and guidelines, are the fundamental to handle and manage the digital intrusions. Cybersecurity is a crucial element in any business to secure data and ultimately securing the human safety. The current cybersecurity policies must cover areas of IR 4.0 environment to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability (CIA) of the business data and assets. This paper analytically explores how to prevent inheriting digitalization weaknesses of IR 3.0 seeping into IR 4.0. The paper highlights the security strategy that could help in making IR 4.0 experience more effective, efficient and secure. In addition, the paper illustrates some of IR 4.0 inherited cybersecurity risk factors and associated scenarios, identifies key challenges, benefits, and security concerns for IR 4.0 environment. Moreover, the paper proposes the major elements must be considered for IR 4.0 cybersecurity policy.
Basic principles of economic policy and public decision in the 21st century
Authors: Muñoz Oscar González , Flores Milagros Cano
Published: January 2020

In the midst of the new contributions to economic theory and the new challenges that represent globality as a means of integrating markets through the economic policy of the neoliberal order, versus the consolidation of a neo-institutional system through the defense of the Sovereignty as a nationalism of attention to the conditions of political life, it is necessary to conduct a respectful analysis of the new scenario of international life through current economic theory. The objective of this paper is to carry out an analysis of the known economic policy models through the theoretical contribution of classical economists. It is a theoretical exercise and bases its result on the concretion of the complexity of the economic model currently known.
Attitudes of Medical Students towards Medical Profession: Comparison of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Education Periods
Authors: TENGİZ Funda İfakat , BABAOĞLU Asya Banu , KOÇ Esra Meltem , PAMUK Gülseren
Published: January 2020

Background:Attitude is said to be “a state of spiritual readiness that has a direct or dynamic effect on the individual's behavior towards all objects and situations to which he or she is concerned”. Attitude is said to be an effective element in guiding the behavior of individuals and in their success. New knowledge and experiences change attitudes. It is important to measure the attitudes and make the necessary changes in order to change student behaviors in a positive way and increase their success. The aim of this study is to determine the attitudes of the medical students towards the medical profession and whether there is a difference between the preclinical and clinical periods.Methods: In this cross-sectional study the "Attitude Scale for the Medical Profession (MPAS)", a valid and reliable scale developed by Bati et al., was applied to undergraduate students studying in in a medical school during the 2017-2018 academic year. Descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. Results: The overall participation rate was 64.31% (n = 564). The median value of the scale was 93. The total score of the scale did not differ between classes. Likewise, sub-dimensions of the scale that are “willingness, help and commitment to the profession” did not show statistically significant difference between the classes. 48.8% (n = 275) of the study group consisted of students in preclinical period. When the scale total scores of the preclinical and clinical groups were compared, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups. In the comparison of the sub-dimensions of the scale, no statistically significant difference was found between the attitudes of both groups.Conclusion:Concerning the attitudes of medical students towards the medical profession, there were no differences across the preclinical and clinical phases.
Competitive Interactions at Electrolyte/Octanol Interfaces - A Molecular Perspective
Authors: Kumar Nitesh , Servis Michael J. , Liu Zhu , Clark Aurora
Published: January 2020

Much is understood about electrolyte liquid/liquid interfaces, yet the relationships between ion solvation, adsorption, and the instantaneous surface have not been the topic of signicant study. The thermally corrugated capillary wave characteristics of the instantaneous aqueous surface contribute to heterogeneous interfacial structural and dynamic properties. Those properties are sensitive the nature of the immiscible nonpolar solvent. In this work, we examine the role of interfacial heterogeneity upon ion behavior and further, how this is inuenced by a partially polar solvent relative to a vapor phase analog. We compare and contrast ion solvation in electrolyte/vapor and electrolyte/octanol biphasic systems, focusing upon the changes to interfacial heterogeneity in the presence of the octanol solvent and the variations of ion concentration at dierent interfacial regions. The interplay between competing forces introduced by strong octanol water interactions at the interface is examined, with a new understanding of how such competition may lead to tailored interfacial properties.
Ultrafast Spin Crossover in a Room-Temperature Ferrimagnet: Element-Specific Spin Dynamics in Photoexcited Cobalt Ferrite
Authors: Londo Stephen , Biswas Somnath , Husek Jakub , Pinchuk Igor V. , Newburger Michael J. , Boyadzhiev Alexandra , Trout Amanda H. , McComb David W. , Kawakami Roland , Baker L. Robert
Published: January 2020

Transition metal complexes capable of photo - induced spin crossover have been widely investigated because of their potential to enable ultrafast optical control of information processing. However, any real application of photo-switchable molecules requires that spin crossover be paired with additional functionality such as long-range magnetic order. Important advances combining these functions are notably reported for a number of bimetallic Prussian Blue analogues; however, to date PBA-based magnetic photo-switches can only operate be-low 150 K due to loss of magnetic order. In contrast, cobalt ferrite is a ferrimagnetic semiconductor with a Curie temperature of 790 K and extremely favorable magnetic properties by comparison to state-of-the-art PBAs. The mixed valence electronic structure of cobalt ferrite is reminiscent of cobalt-iron PBA, which is a well-known photo-switch. To investigate the potential for photo-switching in this material, we employ transient XUV spectroscopy to probe charge and spin dynamics with element-speci�fic resolution on the femtosecond time scale. Results show that 400 nm light excites a metal-to-metal charge transfer transition, which drives the crossover of high-spin Co2+ to low-spin Co3+ with a time constant of 405 ± 29 fs and an internal quantum efficiency of unity. This result establishes the existence of efficient photo-switching in a new class of robust ferrimagnetic spinel ferrites.
Expressed Protein Ligation Without Intein
Authors: Qiao Yuchen , Yu Ge , Wang Xiaoyan , Kratch Kaci C. , Wang Wesley Wei , Morse Jared S. , Leeuwon Sunshine Z. , Liu Wenshe
Published: January 2020

Proteins with a functionalized C-terminus such as a C-terminal thioester are key to the synthesis of larger proteins via expressed protein ligation. They are usually made by recombinant fusion to intein. Although powerful, the intein fusion approach suffers from premature hydrolysis and low compatibility with denatured conditions. To totally bypass the involvement of an enzyme for expressed protein ligation, here we showed that a cysteine in a recombinant protein was chemically activated by a small molecule cyanylating reagent at its N-side amide for undergoing nucleophilic acyl substitution with amines including a number of L- and D-amino acids and hydrazine. The afforded protein hydrazides could be used further for expressed protein ligation. We demonstrated the versatility of this approach with the successful synthesis of ubiquitin conjugates, ubiquitin-like protein conjugates, histone H2A with a posttranslational modification, RNAse H that actively hydrolyzed RNA, and exenatide that is a commercial therapeutic peptide. The technique, which is exceedingly simple but highly useful, expands to a great extent the synthetic capacity of protein chemistry and will therefore make a large avenue of new research possible.
Determinants of Competitiveness of Business Schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Faculty’s Perspective
Authors: Irum Khattak  , Qadar Bakhsh Baloch  , Gohar Zaman
Published: January 2020

Purpose- The present study was an attempt to enhance the understanding on the competitiveness of business schools (Bschools) and identify the most influential determinants that affect competitiveness of Bschools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from faculty’s perspective.

Methodology- The current study followed the quantitative approach. The sample size was 261 determined by formula of Yamane (1967) and respondents were selected using stratified probability sampling technique. Data was collected through questionnaire using 5-point Likert scale. Principal Component Analysis was applied to assess unifactoriality of the constructs. Hypothesis of study assuming relationship between independent and dependent variables were tested using SEM.

Findings- Findings of the study suggests that Teaching staff, Employment prospects, Gender diversity, Leadership and management significantly and positively affect the Competitiveness of Bschools (P< 0.05). On other hand, Industry and Internationalization aspects were found to have significant negative effect on competitiveness of Bschools (P<0.05).

Originality/Value- The present study can help the management of business schools to focus on the areas that can increase the competitiveness of business school to meet the challenges of globalization. Moreover, competitiveness was measured using satisfaction and reputation and the empirical testing of effect of determinants on competitiveness of business schools are the theoretical contributions of the study.
Diagnóstico situacional sobre la vigilancia de enfermedades de transmisión vertical en un servicio de salud de Asunción, Paraguay 2014
Authors: Rojas Silva Agustina
Published: January 2020

La embarazada está expuesta a contraer infecciones como VIH y sífilis en cualquier edad gestacional, las cuales implican un riesgo de afectar al feto. Estas infecciones pueden ser evitadas con un adecuado control prenatal, abordar las barreras de acceso del control prenatal en los servicios de salud es un reto para la eliminación de la sífilis congénita. La incidencia de sífilis congénita en el país, es una de las más elevadas de América Latina, 8,3 por 1.000 nacidos vivos, muy superior al 0,5% establecido como indicador de impacto en el Plan de Acción que impulsa la OPS y los países de Latino América. La prevención de la infección de transmisión vertical depende del acceso universal de la atención en salud, que incluye organización de los servicios, disponibilidad de insumos para el diagnóstico y tratamiento. En el año 2012 en Paraguay, la tasa de incidencia de VIH en población femenina fue del 16,3 por cada 100.000 y se diagnosticaron 141 embarazadas VIH positivas y la prevalencia de sífilis en puérperas fue de 5,07%.
Factores de riesgos del embarazo en adolescentes
Authors: Aguirre González Jorge Joel , Zárate Silvia
Published: January 2020

La OMS considera adolescencia entre los 10 y 19 años. El embarazo hace referencia a toda gestación que ocurre durante la adolescencia y comprende las mujeres de hasta 19 años, es decir, todo embarazo que ocurre dentro del tiempo transcurrido desde la Menarca, y/o cuando la adolescente es aún dependiente de su familiar de origen. El 20% de los embarazos en Paraguay corresponde a adolescentes. Existen factores de riesgo predisponente del embarazo adolescente más recuente que son a nivel individual, social y familiar.
Niveles de ácido fólico, vitamina B12 y ferritina en embarazadas que acudieron al Hospital Materno Infantil San Pablo
Authors: Mora Rojas Celso Obdulio , Lird Alicia , Gómez Fretes Lucía Margarita , Guillen Torales Dehnisse Viviana , Arenas Chaparro Rossana , Portillo Borja Nelson
Published: January 2020

La dieta es uno de los factores ambientales que mayor influencia tiene sobre el desarrollo del embrión y del feto, así como sobre la salud materna. Se ha observado una asociación específica entre la deficiencia de micronutrientes y un incremento de los riesgos relacionados con la reproducción, desde infertilidad hasta defectos estructurales del feto y enfermedades a largo plazo. Se han obtenido datos que permiten indicar que el suplemento con micronutrientes puede ayudar a prevenir ciertos trastornos durante el embarazo.El embarazo está frecuentemente asociado con una disminución de reservas corporales de algunos nutrientes, especialmente en mujeres jóvenes, de nivel socioeconómico bajo, multíparas y de bajo consumo dietético, lo que puede conducir a deficiencias específicas de nutrientes; entre ellos el AF, el hierro y vitamina B12.  Un buen estado nutricional previo al embarazo y un aporte adecuado de nutrientes esenciales será determinante para el resultado y desarrollo del mismo. Cualquier déficit nutricional puede producir cambios en la estructura y función de los órganos e incluso llegar a producir alteraciones en el crecimiento, neurodesarrollo, perdida fetal, aborto, parto prematuro, la aparición de malformaciones congénitas y preeclampsia. Igualmente se debe evitar el exceso de los nutrientes. Con el presente trabajo se pretende aportar información en cuanto a la concentración media de ácido fólico, vitamina B12 y  ferritina, en los tres trimestres de gestación, en embarazadas que acuden a un hospital público, así como la valoración de  dichas concentraciones en relación a los rangos de referencia establecidas a fin de evitar deficiencia o exceso de nutrientes.
Percepción sobre la calidad de vida en mujeres con mastectomías, del Hospital San Pablo de Asunción
Authors: Maidana Carmelo , Melgarejo Ingrid
Published: January 2020

Esta investigación está enfocada en la percepción que se tiene sobre la calidad de vida de las mujeres con mastectomías. La calidad de vida es la percepción que tiene el paciente en las circunstancias en que se encuentre, los valores que desarrolle, la satisfacción a sus necesidades, y bienestar; los riesgos a los que se somete su salud física y mental, siendo importante el cómo afrontan esta situación, que dependerá de la resolución de sus problemas, sus expectativas, su estado emocional, de su entorno para poder compensar cualquier tipo de daño percibido.
Impacto laboral que produjo una industria maquiladora en sus funcionarios, en la ciudad de Salto del Guairá
Authors: Bernal Martínez Enrique Javier , Marín Dávalos Karina Beatriz , Chamorro Enrique Orlando , Elisa Ramírez Schulz Elisa , Ortiz Acosta Orlando
Published: January 2020

La maquila es un régimen de inversión a través del cual se producen localmente en Paraguay bienes y servicios de exportación con beneficios para los inversionistas nacionales y extranjeros como el de las tasas diferenciadas de tributos. Esta investigación se presenta bajo el título “Impacto laboral que produjo una industria maquiladora en sus funcionarios, en la ciudad de Salto del Guairá” y consistió en la recolección y análisis de datos de la empresa para determinar el impacto que ha producido en la ciudad como fuente de empleo a nivel social y económico. Se prevé asimismo dar respuesta a la interrogante acerca de la capacidad productiva de la empresa y las condiciones laborales en cuanto la seguridad social y las remuneraciones percibidas.En Salto del Guairá una firma brasilera dio apertura a una empresa bajo el régimen de maquila y produce implementos y artículos de limpieza para el hogar, utilizando mano de obra local para que una vez acabado el producto sea exportado al Brasil. Actualmente la maquiladora emplea a 44 personas, los cuales participaron de la investigación cuyo objetivo fue estudiar el impacto laboral que produjo una industria maquiladora.
Incidencia de los préstamos en la economía familiar de los pobladores ovetenses del barrio 12 de junio en el año 2018
Authors: Sosa Sosa Luis Alberto
Published: January 2020

En la actualidad una importante cantidad de familias recurren a los préstamos para poder obtener recursos y utilizarlos ya sea para la compra de bienes de uso o consumo buscando satisfacer las múltiples necesidades que poseen. El problema radica en que muchas veces la cantidad o el monto de dichos préstamos son muy elevados. La remuneración que perciben las familias se vuelve insuficiente para las deudas contraídas, generándose así un déficit en la economía familiar. Por todo esto se hace imperioso conocer la verdadera situación económica - financiera que subyace a cada familia.
La implicancia del sector artístico-patrimonial de la Economía Naranja para el desarrollo económico de la ciudad de Encarnación
Authors: Amarilla Sánchez Leticia , González Flores Leticia
Published: January 2020

Las artes visuales y del espectáculo, la música, y el patrimonio inmaterial -entre otras disciplinas- conforman un conjunto de actividades encadenadas que permiten que las ideas se transformen en bienes y servicios. Al desarrollo de ellas se las incluye en la llamada Economía Naranja. Ésta constituye una oportunidad para la creación de fuentes de trabajo, generando empleos atractivos para la gente joven y representando atractivos turísticos para las ciudades creativas. Las ideas para el desarrollo de la Economía Naranja en la ciudad de Encarnación, así como también las políticas culturales elaboradas, podrán ser una herramienta determinante para lograr el desarrollo económico del sector artístico y de la ciudad.
Influjo de la actualización contable en la competitividad laboral de los contadores públicos en la ciudad de Curuguaty
Authors: Brítez González Ruth Marina , Noria Vera Fátima Elizabeth , Bogado López Mirta , Ramírez Schulz Elisa , Ortiz Acosta Orlando
Published: January 2020

La importancia de la actualización contable de los profesionales contadores radica en mantenerse competitivo dentro del mercado laboral y brindar mejores servicios a sus clientes. Las actualizaciones contables son una herramienta que cuenta el profesional contador para hacer frente a los cambios y exigencias de la administración financiera, además de elevar su cualificación, por ende, esta investigación se realiza con el fin de conocer el influjo de la actualización contable en la competitividad laboral de los contadores.
Información sobre mercados extranjeros para la estimulación y generación de líneas exportables
Authors: Pereira Fariña Jessica Natalia , Riquelme Bareiro Ruth Vanessa , Pereira Martínez Olga Natalì , Granada Insfran Edgardo
Published: January 2020

Las exportaciones constituyen el modo principal en que los países logran el ingreso de divisas a las economías. Los países generalmente exportan productos con ventajas comparativas o denominados líneas tradicionales, que son aquellos productos con menor costo de producción pero también menor valor agregado. Existen también, como parte de las exportaciones de los países, productos con ventajas estratégicas o competitivas denominado líneas no tradicionales son aquellos bienes o productos con mayor valor agregado, generalmente con marcas, mayor mano de obra añadida, fabricados bajo estándares internacionales y con un contenido especial que es la creatividad. El Paraguay es un país eminentemente agroexportador, con limitado valor agregado y restringida variedad, a pesar de una amplia gama de productos son generados por las MYPIMES, pero que no logran transcender. En el presente trabajo se analizó: La influencia de la información para la generación de nuevas líneas de exportación, la facilidad o dificultad que atraviesan las MIPYMES para lograrlo y se analizó el aporte del estado a través de las organizaciones encargadas del comercio internacional en este sentido.
Teoría de la disuasión en el sistema judicial de Paraguay: explorando casos de estafa y lesión de confianza
Authors: Schneider Andreas
Published: January 2020

El concepto de la disuasión se centra en el uso o la amenaza de castigo con la intención de evitar que las personas violen la ley que rige la convivencia de una sociedad. La disuasión se basa en la idea de que delincuentes se fundan en una elección racional, teniendo en cuenta los beneficios esperados de la actividad criminal en comparación con ingresos legales, gustos personales y preferencias y la probabilidad percibida de la aprehensión, convicción y castigo. El artículo se basa principalmente en las investigaciones realizadas por Schneider.
Los tipos penales especiales contenidos en el hecho punible de lavado de dinero en el Paraguay
Authors: Valenzuela Giménez Juan Carlos
Published: January 2020

Combatir el blanqueo proveniente de productos delictivos, no es tarea fácil. En tal sentido los estados han diseñado convenios internacionales para combatirlo. La Convención Internacional para la represión del terrorismo, la Convención de la ONU contra la delincuencia organizada transnacional, la Convención de la ONU contra la corrupción y su antecesora la Convención Interamericana contra la corrupción, son los principales referentes internacionales en este combate.  El Paraguay introdujo la figura del lavado de dinero con la ley 1015 de 1997, con posterioridad el vigente Código penal la adopta bajo el artículo 196 bajo el Capítulo de Restitución de bienes. Por ley 3340 del 2008, se modifica su contenido, modificación con la que llega hasta nuestros días. Su compleja redacción castiga al que ocultara disimulara o frustrara el conocimiento de objetos provenientes de hechos antijurídicos. Si bien es un tipo penal común, la compleja redacción que posee este tipo penal, remite a tipos penales especiales a efectos de señalar un hecho antijurídico base a castigar. Tal es el caso de los denominados, Hechos Punibles contra el Ejercicio de Funciones Públicas, específicamente, los delitos de cohecho pasivo, cohecho pasivo agravado, soborno, soborno agravado y prevaricato. Al  transformase el hecho antijurídico base en un delito especial cometido exclusivamente por funcionarios públicos, en esas circunstancias el tipo penal común se transforma en tipos penales especiales y con ello se desvirtúa la política criminal contenida no sólo en los varios tratados internacionales asumidos por el Paraguay en la materia, sino, por la propia redacción común del tipo previsto bajo el artículo 196.Todo esto deja en entredicho la política criminal asumida originariamente en tratados y por el propio Código penal.