bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inactivation Kinetics of Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Bacteria Upon In Vitro Treatment With Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (CAPP)
Authors: Samioti Venetia , Kriti Evangelia , Spanou Aikaterini , Tsironi Theofania , Panagou Efstathios Z.
Published: July 2024

In the present study, selected pathogenic (Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus) and nonpathogenic (Pseudomonas fragi, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Brochothrix thermosphacta, Bacillus subtilis, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides) bacteria were subjected in vitro in cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) treatment for up to 15 min and the changes in the surviving microbial population were determined. Plasma treatments were carried out by a plasma jet device, operating with argon (Ar) as carrier gas under constant flow (4.0 L/min) at a frequency of 1 MHz and an electrical voltage of 2–6 kV. Microbial inactivation data were modelled using linear and nonlinear (Geeraerd, Weibull) models, through which the corresponding kinetic parameters were calculated. After 15 min of exposure to plasma radiation, the total reduction in the bacterial populations was 2.12 log10 CFU mL−1 for P. fragi, 1.77 log10 CFU mL−1 for P. fluorescens, 2.30 log10 CFU mL−1 for B. thermosphacta, 1.58 log10 CFU mL−1 for B. subtilis, 1.31 log10 CFU mL−1 for L. plantarum, 3.80 log10 CFU mL−1 for L. mesenteroides (highest reduction observed), 1.12 log10 CFU mL−1 for S. Typhimurium, 1.18 log10 CFU mL−1 for E. coli, 1.43 log10 CFU mL−1 for L. monocytogenes, 1.32 log10 CFU mL−1 for B. cereus, 0.88 log10 CFU mL−1 for S. aureus, and 0.73 log10 CFU mL−1 for P. aeruginosa. The results showed a higher reduction in the population of nonpathogenic microorganisms compared to pathogens. The relatively small decrease in the inactivation of bacteria indicates that parameter optimization is necessary to be considered to improve the efficacy of the treatment.
Data from An Image Analysis Resource for Cancer Research: PIIP—Pathology Image Informatics Platform for Visualization, Analysis, and Management
Authors: Martel Anne L. , Hosseinzadeh Dan , Senaras Caglar , Zhou Yu , Yazdanpanah Azadeh , Shojaii Rushin , Patterson Emily S. , Madabhushi Anant , Gurcan Metin N.
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Pathology Image Informatics Platform (PIIP) is an NCI/NIH sponsored project intended for managing, annotating, sharing, and quantitatively analyzing digital pathology imaging data. It expands on an existing, freely available pathology image viewer, Sedeen. The goal of this project is to develop and embed some commonly used image analysis applications into the Sedeen viewer to create a freely available resource for the digital pathology and cancer research communities. Thus far, new plugins have been developed and incorporated into the platform for out of focus detection, region of interest transformation, and IHC slide analysis. Our biomarker quantification and nuclear segmentation algorithms, written in MATLAB, have also been integrated into the viewer. This article describes the viewing software and the mechanism to extend functionality by plugins, brief descriptions of which are provided as examples, to guide users who want to use this platform. PIIP project materials, including a video describing its usage and applications, and links for the Sedeen Viewer, plug-ins, and user manuals are freely available through the project web page: http://pathiip.org. Cancer Res; 77(21); e83–86. ©2017 AACR.
Figure S3 from Putrescine Supplementation Limits the Expansion of pks+ Escherichia coli and Tumor Development in the Colon
Authors: Oliero Manon , Cuisiniere Thibault , Ajayi Ayodeji S. , Gerkins Claire , Hajjar Roy , Fragoso Gabriela , Calvé Annie , Vennin Rendos Hervé , Mathieu-Denoncourt Annabelle , Dagbert François , De Broux Éric , Loungnarath Rasmy , Schwenter Frank , Sebajang Herawaty , Ratelle Richard , Wassef Ramses , Richard Carole , Duperthuy Marylise , Gravel Andrée E. , Vincent Antony T. , Santos Manuela M.
Published: July 2024

Figure S3 shows the effect of putrescine on gut microbiota
Figure 5 from Putrescine Supplementation Limits the Expansion of pks+ Escherichia coli and Tumor Development in the Colon
Authors: Oliero Manon , Cuisiniere Thibault , Ajayi Ayodeji S. , Gerkins Claire , Hajjar Roy , Fragoso Gabriela , Calvé Annie , Vennin Rendos Hervé , Mathieu-Denoncourt Annabelle , Dagbert François , De Broux Éric , Loungnarath Rasmy , Schwenter Frank , Sebajang Herawaty , Ratelle Richard , Wassef Ramses , Richard Carole , Duperthuy Marylise , Gravel Andrée E. , Vincent Antony T. , Santos Manuela M.
Published: July 2024

Putrescine supplementation significantly affects gut microbiota functions. Normalized relative abundances of level 3 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways: (A) Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, (B) cell growth and death, and (C) acetate production pathways were detected as significantly different by FDR-corrected Kruskal–Wallis sum-rank tests between groups. D, Concentration of acetate, propionate, and butyrate per mg feces measured by LC-MS, (t test; mean ± SEM) N = 8–9 mice. ESI-MS, electrospray-mass spectrometry.
Fetal Strain and Strain Rate Measured with Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Maternal Diabetes: Systematic Review
Authors: de Vet Chantelle , Zamani Hossy , van der Woude Daisy , Clur Sally-Ann , Oei Guid , van Laar Judith , van Oostrum Noortje
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate fetal cardiac function in fetuses of mothers with diabetes compared to those of mothers without diabetes using 2D-STE. Methods: Embase, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL were searched for observational studies on 2D-STE fetal left and right ventricular global longitudinal strain and strain rate that included singleton, non-anomalous pregnancies complicated by pregestational or gestational diabetes mellitus compared to uncomplicated pregnancies. The strain values were pooled per 4 weeks of gestation for meta-analysis using random-effects models. Results: Fifteen studies met the criteria, including 990 fetuses of diabetic mothers and 1,645 control fetuses. The study design was cross-sectional in fourteen studies and longitudinal in one study. Gestational age, type of diabetes, ultrasound device, and 2D-STE software varied between the studies. Glycemic control and type of treatment were often lacking. In fetuses of diabetic mothers versus healthy mothers, left ventricular strain was significantly decreased (7 studies), increased (1 study), or not significantly different (7 studies). Right ventricular strain was decreased (7 studies), increased (1 study), or not different (2 studies). Left ventricular strain rate was decreased (3 studies), increased (1 study), or not different (2 studies). Right ventricular strain rate was increased (1 study) or not different (2 studies). Conclusion: Fetuses of mothers with diabetes show evidence of systolic dysfunction, which is more visible in the right ventricle. Contradictory results are probably due to suboptimal study designs and variation in gestational age, diabetes severity, image acquisition, and software. Large prospective longitudinal studies are needed to assess fetal myocardial function with 2D-STE in pregestational diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancies. The influence of glycemic control, BMI, and treatment should be evaluated.
Nutriomic effects of precision lipids on murine hepatic triacylglycerol alterations induced by high-fat diets
Authors: Fariña Ana Clara , Lavandera Jimena Verónica , Candioti Luciana Vera , Suppo Candela Luján , Bernal Claudio Adrián
Published: July 2024

Introduction: This study aims to investigate if a mixture of functional lipids (FL), containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), tocopherols (TP) and phytosterols (PS) prevents some lipid alterations induced by high-fat (HF) diets, without adverse effects. Methods: Male CF1 mice (n=6/group) were fed (4 weeks) with: control (C), HF or HF+FL diets. Results: FL prevented the overweight induced by the HF diet, and reduced the adipose tissues (AT) weight, associated with lower energy efficiency. After the intervention period, the serum triacylglycerol (TAG) levels, in both HF diets underwent a decrease associated with an enhanced LPL activity (mainly in muscle). The beneficial effect of the FL mixture on body weight gain and AT weight, might be attributed to the decreased lipogenesis, denoted by the lower mRNA levels of SREBP1-c and ACC in AT, as well as, by an exacerbated lipid catabolism, reflected by increased mRNA levels of PPARα, ATGL, HSL and UCP2 in adipose tissue. Liver TAG levels were reduced in the HF+FL group due to an elevated lipid oxidation associated with a higher CPT-1 activity and mRNA levels of PPARα and CPT-1a. Moreover, genes linked to fatty acid biosynthesis (SREBP1-c and ACC) showed decreased mRNA levels in both HF diets, this finding being more pronounced in the HF+FL group.
Conclusion: The administration of a FL mixture (CLA+TP+PS) prevented some lipid alterations induced by a HF diet, avoiding frequent deleterious effects of CLA in mice through the modulation of gene expression related to the regulation of lipid metabolism.
Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease of Undetermined Aetiology (CKDu) in a Tertiary Care Public Hospital in North India
Authors: Maity Indradip , Sati Hemchand , Singh Geetika , Bhowmik Dipankar , Agarwal Sanjay Kumar , Bagchi Soumita
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease of undetermined aetiology (CKDu) is an important public health problem. Indian data are mostly based on studies from rural regions in south and east India. We examined the burden and profile of CKDu in patients attending a tertiary care hospital in north India. Methods: We assessed records of consecutive new CKD patients registered in a nephrology clinic from January 2015 to June 2022. Patients were classified as having CKDu based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical and laboratory parameters at presentation and kidney biopsy when done were noted. Results: Records of 32,369 patients with CKD were screened, and 29,663 were included (2,706 excluded due to inadequate data). A total of 370 (1.2%) patients were categorized as CKDu. Mean age was 41 ± 14.7 years, 58.1% being male. Of them, 158 (42.7%) patients were in CKD stage 3, 89 (24.1%) in stage 4, 84 (22.7%) in stage 5, and 39 (10.5%) were dialysis dependent at presentation; 232 (62.7%) patients had proteinuria <0.5 gm/day and 138 (37.3%) between 0.5 and 1 gm/day. Renal histology was available for 65 CKDu patients: 62 had chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (CTIN) and 3 had non-specific changes. Conclusion: When defined using strict criteria with intensive diagnostic workup, burden of CKDu is low in our hospital-based cohort of CKD patients. CTIN is the predominant histopathological finding in kidney biopsy.
Optimal Strategies of Mechanical Ventilation: Can We Avoid or Reduce Lung Injury?
Authors: van Kaam Anton H.
Published: July 2024

Background: Despite the increasing use of non-invasive support modalities, many preterm infants still need invasive mechanical ventilation. Mechanical ventilation can lead to so-called ventilator-induced lung injury, which is considered an important risk factor in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Understanding the concepts of lung protective ventilation strategies is imperative to reduce the risk of BPD. Summary: Overdistension, atelectasis, and oxygen toxicity are the most important risk factors for VILI. A lung protective ventilation strategy should therefore optimize lung volume (resolve atelectasis), limit tidal volumes, and reduce oxygen exposure. Executing such a lung protective ventilation strategy requires basic knowledge on neonatal lung physiology. Studies have shown that volume-targeted ventilation (VTV) stabilizes tidal volume delivery, reduces VILI, and reduces BPD in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. High-frequency ventilation (HFV) also reduces BPD although the effect is modest and inconsistent. It is unclear if these benefits also apply to infants with more heterogeneous lung disease. Key Messages: Understanding basic physiology and the concept of ventilator-induced lung injury is essential in neonatal mechanical ventilation. Current evidence suggests that the principles of lung protective ventilation are best captured by VTV and HFV.
Supported Accommodations for People with Serious Mental Disorders: Staff’s Assessment of Work Challenges and Their Impact during COVID-19
Authors: Pedrosa Bárbara , Cardoso Graça , Azeredo-Lopes Sofia , Gonçalves-Pereira Manuel , Aluh Deborah Oyine , Grigaitė Ugnė , Santos-Dias Margarida , Silva Manuela , Caldas-de-Almeida José
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Few studies analysed the impact of COVID-19 on supported accommodations (SAs) for people with serious mental disorders. This study aimed to analyse staff’s assessments of work challenges in SAs during COVID-19, the impact of the pandemic on staff, their perception of the impact on residents, and associated factors. Methods: To assess work challenges and the impact of the pandemic on staff and their perception of the impact on residents, a questionnaire was administered to the staff of SAs. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted, involving work challenges and staff’s sociodemographic characteristics, and impact on staff. Results: In total, 117 staff from 32 SAs responded. A challenging environment was felt by most participants (68.4%). There were significant differences in work challenges experienced by staff, namely, according to profession and years working in mental health. A negative impact of COVID-19 was reported by 26.5% of staff, which was associated with their feeling that residents were no longer getting an acceptable service (OR = 7.04, 95% CI [1.43, 34.65], p = 0.016) and with staff feeling at risk of infection at work (OR = 7.99, 95% CI [1.39, 45.86], p = 0.020). Relapse and deterioration of residents’ mental health were perceived by 43.6% of staff. Conclusions: Several work challenges occurred in SAs during COVID-19, which had a negative impact on staff and reportedly on residents. Implications range from the organisational to the clinical levels and may apply internationally and in similarly challenging situations.
Statistical Analysis Plan for the AIRCARD Study: Individual Long-Term Air and Noise Pollution Exposure and Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality – A Prospective Cohort Study Utilizing DANCAVAS and VIVA Screening Trials
Authors: Mayntz Stephan Peronard , Mohamed Roda Abdulkadir , Mejldal Anna , Møller Jens-Jakob Kjer , Lindholt Jes Sanddal , Diederichsen Axel Cosmos Pyndt , Frohn Lise Marie , Lambrechtsen Jess
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The AIRCARD study is designed to investigate the relationship between long-term exposure to air and noise pollution and cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality. We aim to conduct a robust prospective cohort analysis assessing the cumulative and differential impacts of air and noise pollution exposure on cardiovascular disease and mortality. This study will adjust for relevant confounders, including traditional cardiovascular risk factors, socioeconomic indicators, and lipid-lowering agents. Methods: This prospective cohort study will include 27,022 male participants aged 65–74, recruited from the two large Danish DANCAVAS and VIVA trials, both population-based randomized, multicentered, clinically controlled studies. We will assess long-term exposure to air pollutants using the state-of-the-art DEHM/UBM/AirGIS modeling system and noise pollution through the Nord2000 and SoundPLAN models, covering data from 1979 to 2019. This statistical analysis plan is strictly formulated to predefine the analytical approach for all outcomes and key study variables before data access. The primary analysis will utilize Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for confounders identified in our cohort (age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, smoking status, family history of heart disease, socioeconomic factors, and lipid-lowering agents). This statistical analysis plan further includes Spearman rank correlation to explore inter-pollutant associations. Conclusion: The AIRCARD study addresses global concerns about the impact of air and noise pollution on cardiovascular disease. This research is important for understanding how the pollutants contribute to cardiovascular disease. We aim to provide insights into this area, emphasizing the need for public health measures to mitigate pollution exposure. Our goal is to provide policymakers and healthcare professionals with information on the role of environmental factors in cardiovascular health that could influence global strategies to reduce the cardiovascular disease burden associated with pollution. The design of this SAP ensures transparency and verifiability, considering the complexities of evaluating environmental health impacts over an extended period.
What Is New in Nail Psoriasis?
Authors: Rigopoulos Dimitris , Tsiogka Aikaterini , Malanos Dimitrios , Gregoriou Stamatios
Published: July 2024

Background: Nail involvement is very frequent in psoriasis and may significantly affect patients’ quality of life due to clinical and functional impairment. In addition, nail psoriasis constitutes a negative prognostic factor for the development of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), even in the absence of cutaneous disease. Summary: Herein we provide an updated review on the diagnostic evaluation of nail psoriasis using clinical assessment and implementation of imaging techniques including dermoscopy, capillaroscopy, ultrasonography, and optical coherence tomography. In addition, we summarize consensus guidelines for the management of nail psoriasis and provide efficacy data on the use of intralesional, topical, and the most recently approved targeted systemic therapies. Key Messages: Physicians should be aware of the importance of prompt diagnosis and management of nail psoriasis, to improve patient outcomes and decrease the risk of PsA development.
A Rare Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Encephalitis Mimicking Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease in an Immunocompromised Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Nallathambi Naveenkumar , Naidu Shriganesh P. , S Yogesh , P Balamanikandan , C Adithyan , S Navvin , Seshadri Hariharan , N Mohanapriya , Prakash Suriya
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) encephalitis is characterized by viral entry into the brain, resulting in inflammation and a cascade of neuronal damage. Clinical manifestations include headaches, seizures, and movement disorders. A mortality rate of 20% and infrequent presentation make COVID-19 encephalitis a diagnostic challenge. Case Presentation: We hereby present the case of a 55-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus (potential impact on COVID-19 severity discussed in the supplementary material) presenting with altered sensorium, swelling in the left eye, and involuntary jerky limb movements. Neurological examination revealed neck rigidity, myoclonic jerks, and an extensor plantar response. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed, which revealed cortical enhancement in the bifrontal, temporal, and occipital lobes. Rapid progression of myoclonus, altered sensorium, and cortical enhancement on MRI suggested Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease. After a thorough workup, the diagnosis was COVID-19 encephalitis with rhino-orbital mucormycosis. The treatment regimen consisted of adequate glycemic control, remdesivir injection, intravenous and retroorbital liposomal amphotericin, and levetiracetam. The patient’s condition improved, and he was eventually discharged. Conclusion: This case illustrates the uncommon presentation of COVID-19 with neurological involvement and emphasizes the value of history-taking, neuroimaging, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. A high index of suspicion is critical for a prompt diagnosis and initiating therapy.
Prevalence of Trigeminal Neuralgia and Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain in Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
Authors: Zeytin Demiral Gökçe , Türk Börü Ülkü , Bölük Cem , Acar Hakan , İncebacak Furkan
Published: July 2024

Background: Population-based studies examining the prevalence of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) are rare, and data on TN prevalence in Türkiye are very limited, with the prevalence of PIFP being unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TN and PIFP in Türkiye. Materials and Methods: This population-based epidemiological study has a cross-sectional and descriptive design, and it was carried out in Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye. Participants aged 18 years and older were screened by using a self-assessment form to determine potential patients with TN or PIFP. Results: A total of 19,237 individuals were included in this study, of which 17,223 responded to the survey questions. TN was diagnosed in 17 individuals, and the prevalence of TN was calculated as 98.5 per 100,000. PIFP was diagnosed in 35 patients, and the prevalence of PIFP was calculated as 202 per 100,000. The mean age of the patients with TN was 54.29 ± 12.98 years, the mean age of patients with PIFP was 49.80 ± 16.10 years, and the female-to-male ratio was 1.13/1 for TN and 2.18/1 for PIFP. Conclusion: The prevalence of PIFP in Türkiye has been reported for the first time by this study. Additionally, a much higher prevalence of TN was found when compared to previous study.
The Role of Immunomodulatory Therapy with Oxiris in COVID-19 with Renal Failure and Immune Dysfunction
Authors: Quílez Trasobares Nerea , González-Fernández María , Barea-Mendoza Jesús Abelardo , Arias-Verdú María Dolores , Barrueco-Francioni Jesús Emilio , Seller-Pérez Gemma , Molina-Collado Zaira , Lesmes González- de Aledo Amanda , Herrera-Gutiérrez Manuel , Sánchez-Izquierdo Riera Jose Ángel
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of hemoadsorption on the elimination of inflammatory mediators. Methods: A prospective, bicenter, observational cohort study was conducted between March 2020 and February 2022 to explore the immunomodulatory response, demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU with severe acute respiratory failure and in need of CRRT with Oxiris® with or without AKI. Results: Sixty-four patients were analyzed. Statistically significant differences were observed between exposed and unexposed groups, in relation to the reduction in D-dimer levels −15,614 (24,848.9) versus −4,136.5 (9,913.47) (p 0.031, d: 1.59, 95% CI: −21,830, −1,126). An increase in PCT was observed 0.47 (2.08) versus −0.75 (2.3) (p 0.044 95% CI: 0.03, 2.44). No differences were found in a decrease in CRP −4.21 (7.29) versus −1.6 (9.02) (p 0.22) nor in the rest of inflammatory parameters fibrinogen, IL-6, ferritin, lymphocytes, and neutrophils. Subgroup analysis in patients exposed to therapy also showed a significant decrease in D-dimer of 55% from baseline: 6,000 (1,984.5–27,750) pre-therapy versus 2,700 (2,119.5–6,145) (95% CI: −23,000, −2,489) post-therapy with a strong effect size (p 0.001, d: 0.65). Conclusion: The hemoadsorptive therapy in COVID-19 was associated with a significant decrease in D-dimer parameters without showing decreases in the rest of the clinical, inflammatory parameters and severity scales analyzed.
Determinants of Complementary Therapy Use among Registered Nurses in an Acute Care Setting
Authors: VanWormer Arin M. , Buchholtz Kelly , VanWormer Jeffrey J.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Alternatives are needed to traditional care to help patients manage pain and discomfort in acute care settings. Complementary and integrative therapies (CITs) involve alternative medicine practices that are assimilated into conventional care. The degree to which registered nurses (RNs) use CIT in acute care settings, however, remains unclear. This study identified determinants of CIT use among RNs in a US hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted. Nurse managers emailed invitations to study-eligible RNs, and the survey captured recent CIT use, as well as sociodemographic and training/experience exposures. Participants were employees in a western Wisconsin hospital. All participants were RNs at the target hospital and worked in acute care. CIT use was assessed with a single item that asked respondents to indicate which of 25 common CIT methods they have used or offered to patients. Results: There were 164 respondents from 463 invited RNs (35% response rate). In the past 6 months, 79% reported the use of CIT with their patients. The most common practices were relaxed breathing, music therapy, essential oils, massage, and aromatherapy. The final multivariable logistic regression model found that RNs with ≥14 years of clinical experience had 72% lower odds of CIT use relative to those with 0–2 years of experience (p = 0.023). In addition, RNs who were married had 76% lower odds of CIT use relative to those not married (p = 0.017). Other factors such as age, gender, specialized CIT education, or nursing degree type had limited influence on CIT use. Conclusion: The use of CIT was generally high in this sample of hospital RNs, particularly among those who were not married and who were trained more recently. Future research should examine RN-led CIT effectiveness on patient outcomes in clinical settings.
Diverging Trends in Survival and Functional Outcome between Males and Females after Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Apostolaki-Hansson Trine , Kremer Christine , Pihlsgård Mats , Petersson Jesper , Norrving Bo , Ullberg Teresa
Published: July 2024

Background: Compared to ischemic stroke, sex differences in patient outcomes following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are underreported. We aimed to determine sex differences in mortality and functional outcomes in a large, unselected Swedish cohort. Methods: In this observational study, data on 22,789 patients with spontaneous ICH registered in the Swedish Stroke Register between 2012 and 2019 were used to compare sex differences in 90-day mortality and functional outcome using multivariable Cox and logistic regression analyses, adjusting for relevant confounders. Multiple imputation was used to impute missing data. Results: The crude 90-day mortality rate was 36.7% in females (3,820/10,405) and 31.7% in males (3,929/12,384) (female hazard ratio [HR] 1.20 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–1.25). In multivariable analysis, the HR for 90-day mortality following ICH in females was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85–0.94). Age was an important driving factor for the effect of sex on mortality. After adjustment for age, vascular risk factors, and stroke severity, the 90-day functional outcome in pre-stroke independent patients was worse in females compared to males (odds ratio: 1.27 95% CI: 1.16–1.40). Conclusion: In this large observational study, despite lower 90-day mortality, the female sex was independently associated with a worse functional outcome compared to males after ICH, even after adjusting for significant covariates. These diverging trends have not been previously reported for ICH. Given the observational design, our findings should be interpreted with caution, thus further external validation is warranted.
Long-Term Effects of a Primary Weight Gain Prevention Intervention among Healthy Weight Obesity Susceptible Children: Results from the Healthy Start Study
Authors: Olsen Nanna Julie , Larsen Sofus Christian , Heitmann Berit Lilienthal
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Primary prevention is a public health strategy that hitherto has not been widely applied in obesity prevention research. The objectives were to examine the long-term effects of the Healthy Start primary obesity prevention study, an intervention conducted among healthy weight children susceptible to develop obesity. Methods: At baseline, children (2–6 years) were allocated to the intervention group (n = 271), the control group (n = 272), or the shadow control group (n = 383). Children in the shadow control group had no contact with project staff during the intervention period (1.3 years on average). The intervention was designed to deliver individually tailored improvements in diet and physical activity habits, optimization of sleep quantity and quality and reduce family stress. After the intervention was completed, height and weight at school entry were obtained from the Danish National Child Health Register when children were around 7 years. The average follow-up time was 2.7 years after baseline. Linear regression analyses on annual changes in BMI (ΔBMI) and BMI z-scores (ΔBMIz) were conducted. Results: At mean 2.7 years after the baseline examination, no differences were observed between the intervention and control group in ΔBMI (β = 0.07 [−0.02; 0.15], p = 0.14) or ΔBMIz (β = 0.04 [−0.02; 0.10], p = 0.19). Likewise, no differences were observed between the intervention and shadow control group in ΔBMI (β = −0.03 [−0.12; 0.06], p = 0.50) or in ΔBMIz (β = −0.02 [−0.08; 0.05], p = 0.62). Conclusion: We are still in urgent need of more primary overweight prevention interventions to begin to understand how to prevent that healthy weight children develop overweight.
ILD: Monozytenverhältnis als ergänzender Biomarker für die Prognose
Authors: Drakopanagiotakis Fotios , Günther Andreas
Published: July 2024

Background: The ILD-GAP scoring system is known to be useful in predicting prognosis in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). An elevated monocyte count was associated with increased risks of IPF poor prognosis. We examined whether the ILD-GAP scoring system combined with the monocyte ratio (ILD-GAPM) is superior to the conventional ILD-GAP model in predicting ILD prognosis. Methods: In patients with ILD treated between April 2013 and April 2017, we were retrospectively assessed the relationships between baseline clinical parameters, including age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index score (CCIS), ILD diagnosis, blood biomarkers, pulmonary function test results, and disease outcomes. In ILD patients were included idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (iNSIP), collagen vascular disease-related interstitial pneumonia (CVD-IP), chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP), and unclassifiable ILD (UC-ILD). We also assessed the ability to predict prognosis was compared between the ILD-GAP and ILD-GAPM models. Results: A total of 179 patients (mean age, 73 years) were assessed. All of them were taken pulmonary function test, including percentage predicted diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide. ILD patients included 56 IPF cases, 112 iNSIP and CVD-IP cases, 6 CHP cases and 5 UC-ILD cases. ILD-GAPM provided a greater area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (0.747) than ILD-GAP (0.710) for predicting 3-year ILD-related events. Furthermore, the log-rank test showed that the Kaplan-Meier curves in ILD-GAPM were significantly different by stage (P = 0.015), but not by stage in ILD-GAP (P = 0.074). Conclusions: The ILD-GAPM model may be a more accurate predictor of prognosis for ILD patients than the ILD-GAP model.
Early Use of PCSK9 Inhibitors in the Prognosis of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome by Protecting Vascular Endothelial Function
Authors: Xu Linghao , Wang Yuanqi , Wang Yiqiong , Wang Liang , Du Peizhao , Cheng Jing , Zhang Chunsheng , Jiao Tiantian , Xing Lijian , Tapu Md Sakibur Rahman , Jia Haonan , Li Jiming
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) has a protective effect on acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, most studies have shown that this protective effect is based on a decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, while other mechanisms remain limited. This study aimed to determine whether PCSK9i can improve the prognosis of ACS patients by protecting endothelial function. Methods: A total of 113 ACS patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to PCSK9i group (PCSK9i combined with statins) and control group (statins only). Blood lipids and endothelial function indicators were measured and analyzed 6 weeks before and after treatment. The effect of PCSK9i on the expression and secretion of endothelial function indicators in vascular endothelial cells were studied by cell experiments. Results: After 6 weeks of treatment, endothelial function indicators such as nitric oxide (NO), thrombomodulin, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, endothelin-1, and flow-mediated vasodilation were significantly improved in PCSK9i group compared with control group. Only the changes of NO and von Willebrand factor were associated with blood lipid levels, whereas the changes of other endothelial function indicators were not significantly associated with blood lipid levels. PCSK9i reduced the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with ACS compared to those in the control group. In cell experiments, PCSK9i treatment significantly ameliorated LPS induced endothelial injury in HUVECs. Conclusion: PCSK9i can protect vascular endothelial function partly independently of its lipid-lowering effect and ameliorate the prognosis of patients with ACS within 6 weeks. This mechanism may involve heat shock transcription factor 1/heat shock proteins -related signaling pathways. Early use of PCSK9i in patients with ACS should be strongly considered in clinical practice.
Increased risk of end-stage kidney disease in patients with chronic kidney disease and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Al-Chalabi Saif , Poulose Mathew , Rengarajan Sharmilee , Kalra Paul R. , Green Darren , Chinnadurai Rajkumar , Sinha Smeeta , Kalra Philip A.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The prevalence of heart failure (HF) is more common in people with advanced non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (ND-CKD). It is well known that HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is associated with a higher risk of mortality in people with ND-CKD compared to the general population. However, the impact of HFrEF on progression into end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is not well studied. Our study aimed to examine the independent association of HFrEF on progression to ESKD after correcting for confounding factors using two methods of propensity scoring.
Methods: This study used data from the Salford Kidney Study, a longitudinal study which has recruited more than 3000 patients with ND-CKD since 2002. Patients without a history of HF during the recruitment questionnaire were included in the control group. Patients with a reported history of HF and echo showing left ventricular ejection fraction <40% at enrolment were included in the HFrEF group. Two propensity score methods were used to attenuate the effects of confounding factors between the two groups – propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability weighting (IPW). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed.
Results: A total of 2383 patients were included in the analysis. Patients with HFrEF had significantly higher median age and a higher percentage of male gender compared to patients with no HF (72.5 vs 66.6 years and 71.8% vs 61.1% respectively). Univariate and 5 models of multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that HFrEF in people with CKD was a strong predictor for a higher incidence of ESKD (model 5: HR 1.38; 95% CI = 1.01-1.90; p = 0.044). The association between HFrEF and the risk of ESKD remained significant after using the PSM and the IPW methods.
Conclusion: Patients with concomitant advanced ND-CKD and prevalent HFrEF were found to have a higher risk of ESKD when compared to patients with no HF. This risk persists despite the adjustment of confounding factors using PSM and IPW.
D-Dimer and the Short-Term Prognosis of Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shang Xubin , Li Xingmin
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Elevated plasma D-dimer has been observed in acute phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), while a quantitative evaluation for the association between D-dimer level and prognosis of SAH remains lacking. The aim of the meta-analysis was to investigate the potential predictive role of D-dimer for the short-term functional outcome of patients with SAH. Methods: Relevant observational studies were retrieved by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, and CNKI. A poor functional outcome was generally defined by the Glasgow Outcome Scale (1–3) or the modified Rankin Scale (≥3). A random-effects model was used to combine the data by incorporating the influence of between-study heterogeneity. Results: Eleven studies involving 3,748 patients with SAH were included. Among them, 1,131 patients (30.2%) developed a poor functional outcome within 6 months. The pooled results showed that a higher plasma D-dimer at admission was associated with a higher risk of poor functional outcome during follow-up (odds ratio per 1 mg/L increment of D-dimer: 1.65, 95% confidence interval: 1.49–1.82, p < 0.001; I2 = 0%). Sensitivity analysis by excluding one study at a time showed similar results. Subgroup analyses suggested that the association between D-dimer and poor functional outcome of patients with SAH was not significantly affected by study design, country, mean age, proportion of men, follow-up duration, methods for defining poor outcome, study quality scores, timing of D-dimer measurement, or the publication year. Conclusion: A high plasma D-dimer at admission is associated with a poor short-term functional outcome of patients with SAH.
Comparative Performance of Five Cognitive Screening Tests in a Large Sample of Seniors
Authors: Dreo Jurij , Jug Jan , Pavlovčič Tisa , Ogrin Ajda , Demšar Anita , Aljaž Barbara , Agatić Filip , Marusic Uros
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Recent introductions of disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer’s disease have re-invigorated the cause of early dementia detection. Cognitive “paper and pencil” tests represent the bedrock of clinical assessment, because they are cheap, easy to perform, and do not require brain imaging or biological testing. Cognitive tests vary greatly in duration, complexity, sociolinguistic biases, probed cognitive domains, and their specificity and sensitivity of detecting cognitive impairment (CI). Consequently, an ecologically valid head-to-head comparison seems essential for evidence-based dementia screening. Method: We compared five tests: Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), Alzheimer’s disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS), Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination (ACE-III), euro-coin handling test (Eurotest), and image identification test (Phototest) on a large sample of seniors (N = 456, 77.9 ± 8 years, 71% females). Their specificity and sensitivity were estimated in a novel way by contrasting each test’s outcome to the majority outcome across the remaining tests (comparative specificity and sensitivity calculation [CSSC]). This obviates the need for an a priori gold standard such as a clinically clear-cut sample of dementia/MCI/controls. We posit that the CSSC results in a more ecologically valid estimation of clinical performance while precluding biases resulting from different dementia/MCI diagnostic criteria and the proficiency in detecting these conditions. Results: There exists a stark trade-off between behavioral test specificity and sensitivity. The test with the highest specificity had the lowest sensitivity, and vice versa. The comparative specificities and sensitivities were, respectively: Phototest (97%, 47%), Eurotest (94%, 55%), ADAS (90%, 68%), ACE-III (72%, 77%), MoCA (55%, 95%). Conclusion: Assuming a CI prevalence of 10%, the shortest (∼3 min) and the simplest instrument, the Phototest, was shown to have the best overall performance (accuracy 92%, PPV 66%, NPV 94%).
Quality of Life in Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis Patients after Vocal Fold Surgery: An In-Depth Exploration
Authors: Mallinger Michelle , Wiersma Lynke , Spek Bea , Rinkel Rico N.P.M.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: This study explores the quality of life among patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) after vocal fold surgery as measured by the outcome scores of the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and the Distress Thermometer and Problem List in Patients with Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (DT&PL). Differences in quality of life were explored within the independent variables age, surgical frequency, weeks since last vocal fold operation, gender, HPV type, surgical location, vaccination with Gardasil©, and a patient’s request to speak with a speech-language pathologist. Methods: A single-center, observational cohort study was conducted using VHI and DT&PL scores and demographic and clinical data obtained from patient files. Inclusion criteria were a confirmed HPV type, age 18 years or older, the ability to fill in both questionnaires in Dutch, and having undergone at least one surgical procedure to remove laryngeal papilloma. Relationships of the independent variables with VHI and Distress Thermometer (DT) scores were explored using univariable and multivariable regressions and linear regression models. Results: Of 271 RRP patients, 100 met the inclusion criteria and responded to requests to fill in both questionnaires with a minimum of 12 weeks after their last operation. Our study showed a statistically significant negative relationship between age and VHI scores (p = 0.02) in the univariable, and multiple linear regressions (p = 0.01), indicating that patients experienced fewer self-perceived functional voice disabilities with each increase in age. A parallel negative relationship is seen between the variables age (p = 0.03) and DT scores. Our results showed a statistically significant positive relationship between the number of vocal fold surgeries and DT scores (p = 0.03). Conclusion: The results of this study show a significant relationship between age, surgical frequency, and quality of life in patients with RRP. Older patients have lower Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and Distress Thermometer (DT) scores, indicating fewer self-perceived voice and disease-related quality of life problems. Conversely, a rise in surgical frequency is significantly associated with higher DT scores, reflecting greater disease-related distress.
Cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid and chronic pain in humans – past, present, and future
Authors: Rosenström Alexander H.C. , Konsman Jan-Pieter , Kosek Eva
Published: July 2024

Background
That neuroimmune interaction occurs in chronic pain conditions has been established for over a centrury, since the discovery of neurogenic inflammation in the periphery. However, the central aspects of neuroimmune interaction have not been fully appreciated until the late 1900s, when a growing interest in how cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid might be relevant in chronic pain conditions emerged. Since then, the field has evolved, and nowadays neuroinflammation is considered to be involved in the pathophysiology of chronic pain. Whether or not pain conditions can be called “neuroinflammatory” is a matter of debate. This review summarizes the results from studies investigating cytokines in the CSF in various pain conditions, and critically discusses neuroimmune aspects of pain conditions using previously proposed hallmarks of neuroinflammation as a framework.

Summary
Fifty-two papers were summarized and their results discretized according to a) the level of the measured cytokines in patients compared to controls, and b) the correlation between cytokine level and pain intensity. A subdivision based on pain type was also conducted for each of the 52 studies. A total of 49 proteins have been studied in at least 5 studies, 21 of which were upregulated in a majority of studies. IL8 was specifically upregulated in a majority of studies of nociceptive pain conditions. Regarding correlation to pain intensity, there is a scarcity of data but 31 proteins were upregulated and correlated with pain in at least one study. Of these, 24 proteins were negatively correlated with pain, and 7 were positively correlated. None of the most studied cytokines, such as TNF, IL1b, IL6, IL8, CCL2/MCP1, BDNF or bNGF, were consistently correlated to pain.

Key messages
There is sufficient evidence to say that chronic pain conditions come with an upregulation of several cytokines. However, the majority of correlations to symptomatology seem to be negative, indicating that the cytokines might play a protective role that has not been broadly considered. Calling chronic pain conditions neuroinflammatory seems wrong; instead, a more suitable term for depicting the findings would, perhaps, be to talk about neuroimmune activation.
Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Beaver Thomas M. , Dass Bhagwan , Patel Ami M. , Ejaz A. Ahsan
Published: July 2024

Acute kidney injury associated with cardiac surgery (CS-AKI) remains a vexing issue. Clinical trials for the prevention of CS-AKI have been disappointing despite enormous initial enthusiasm based on experimental data. The schism in experimental and clinical data has triggered a relook at our understanding of CS-AKI and the experimental and preclinical models. The silver lining in the midst is the standardization of anesthetic and perioperative care proposed by national societies. In this review we discuss the therapeutic targets of major clinical trials.
History of Technology in Global Perspectives
Authors: Akallah Jethron Ayumbah , Arellano-Escudero Nelson , Chatterjee Animesh , Łotysz Sławomir , Matala Saara , Fanxiang Min , Poser Stefan , Slotten Hugh R. , Zdrodowska Magdalena
Published: July 2024

Global developments influence the concepts and content of scholarly research. The article aims to make these influences visible by analysing changes in the ideas and concepts of the history of technology. Thus, the paper presents different approaches to, and topics of, the history of technology, as developed by nine researchers, embedded in their characteristic cultures of scholarship all over the world. In doing so, the paper contributes to a transnational comparison of methodologies and contents of the history of technology. It also reflects on how the history of technology sees itself as an academic discipline and how it contributes to ongoing discourses on broader societal challenges.
The South American Center of the Institution of Locomotive Engineers: Circulation of British Engineers in South America, 1920–1949
Authors: Rodriguez Ortiz Jorge Alonso
Published: July 2024

British migration to Argentina was a phenomenon that occurred at the end of the nineteenth century, reaching its peak between 1850 and 1880. The circulation of British professionals, however, took place during the first half of the twentieth century as part of the migratory phenomenon framed in the context of a second phase of imperialism, the large number of British engineers, and the demand of South-American countries to develop their railways. This migratory process of professionals implied the transmission of knowledge and technology transfer, as well as a response from local engineering communities. The Institution of Locomotive Engineers and its center in Argentina are a clear example of the evolution of the forms of association characteristic of the nineteenth century, but also of the structuring, organisation, and expansion of the circulation of British engineers.