bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Infragravity Waves on the Safety of Coastal Defences: A Case Study of the Dutch Wadden Sea
Authors: Lashley Christopher H. , Jonkman Sebastiaan N. , Van der Meer Jentsje , Bricker Jeremy D. , Vuik Vincent
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Many coastlines around the world are protected by coastal dikes fronted by shallow foreshores (e.g. saltmarshes and mudflats) that attenuate storm waves and are expected to reduce the likelihood of waves overtopping the dikes behind them. However, most of the studies to-date that assessed their effectiveness have excluded the influence of infragravity (IG) waves, which often dominate in shallow water. Here, we propose a modular and adaptable framework to estimate the probability of coastal dike failure by overtopping waves (Pf). The influence of IG waves on wave overtopping is included using an empirical approach, which is first validated against observations made during two recent storms (2015 and 2017). The framework is then applied to compare the Pf  of the dikes along the Dutch Wadden Sea coast, with and without the influence of IG waves. Findings show that including IG waves results in 1.1 to 1.6 times higher Pf  values, suggesting that safety may be overestimated when they are neglected. This increase is attributed to the influence of the IG waves on the design wave period, and to a lesser extent the wave height, at the dike toe. The spatial variation in this effect, observed for the case considered, highlights its dependence on local conditions – with IG waves showing greater influence at locations with larger offshore waves and shallower water depths. Finally, the change in Pf  due to the IG waves varied significantly depending on the empirical wave overtopping model selected, emphasizing the importance of tools developed specifically shallow foreshore environments.
Meanings of the Color Yellow and Its Color Associates, Yellow-Black and Yellow-Green
Authors: Bálizs Beáta
Published: July 2021

Embedded in culture historical research on color, the present study contributes to the hypothesis that a given color only obtains its cultural or symbolical meanings in association with another color. By analyzing Hungarian examples of the color yellow, I will demonstrate that a color may have associations of a different character in relation to another color: this association may rely on symbolism alone, as seen in the relationship between yellow and black in connection with the concept of impurity tied to bile, excrement and dirty soil. Connections between colors may also be based on sensory-psychological/cognitive similarities, such as those drawn between yellow and green in earlier times across Europe, an association that can be traced in some archaic elements of Hungarian culture, such as in the ideas connected to jaundice. In addition to this argument, I also propose that, out of excreta, compared to feces light yellow urine is closer to the category of white associated with purity (through the analogy of white wine) than to yellow which (also) symbolizes impurity.
Introduction: Translating from Hungarian into English
Authors: Sherwood Peter
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The three papers in this cluster are very diverse as regards genre, focus and approach, but what their authors share is a passionate devotion to the promotion of Hungarian literature in the English-speaking world.
The Fortunes of Hungarian Children’s Literature at Home and in the English-Speaking World
Authors: Bentley Anna
Published: July 2021

This paper asks why so few works of Hungarian children’s literature have made it to publication in English-speaking countries. It finds that few translated children’s books make it onto the English-language market and those translations that are successful mainly appear in major European languages. Representation at the Bologna Children’s Book Fair has been dogged by a lack of financial resources and polish while Hungarian State funding has lacked continuity. Nearly all the English translations of Hungarian children’s books available today have been published in Hungary, although a book will occasionally find its way to foreign publishers by informal means. This paper also follows the development of Hungarian children’s literature from the late nineteenth century to the present day, noting changes in terms of character, subject matter and attitudes to diversity and use of the fairy-tale tradition. It outlines one recent controversy surrounding the publication of Meseország mindenkié [’Storyland for Everybody’], a book which aims, in contrast to the current regime’s ideology, to represent the marginalized in Hungarian society. It also details recent clashes sparked by the new Hungarian National School Curriculum and one writer’s feminist critique of a classic text.
Selected English-Language Bibliography of Interest for Hungarian Cultural Studies: 2020-2021
Authors: Varga Zsuzsanna
Published: July 2021

As the above title indicates, because of the publication schedule of Hungarian Cultural Studies this bibliography straddles 2020-2021, covering the period since the publication in Fall of 2020 of last year’s bibliography in this journal. Each year’s bibliography may also be supplemented by earlier items, which were retrieved only recently. Although this bibliography series can only concentrate on English-language items, occasional items of particular interest in other languages may be included. For a more extensive bibliography of Hungarian Studies from about 2000 to 2010, for which this is a continuing update, see Louise O. Vasvári, Steven Tötösy de Zepetnek, and Carlo Salzani. “Bibliography for Work in Hungarian Studies as Comparative Central European Studies.” CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture (Library) (2011): http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/clcweblibrary/hungarianstudiesbibliography
Fodor, Mónika. 2020. Ethnic Subjectivity in Intergenerational Memory Narratives: Politics of the Untold. New York and London: Routledge. 285 pp.
Authors: Agárdi Izabella
Published: July 2021

Fodor, Mónika. 2020. Ethnic Subjectivity in Intergenerational Memory Narratives: Politics of the Untold. New York and London: Routledge. 285 pp.
Péntek, János and Benő, Attila, 2020. A Magyar Nyelv Romániában (Erdélyben) [‘The Hungarian Language in Romania (in Transylvania)’]. Ed. Miklós Kontra. Kolozsvár and Budapest: Erdélyi Múzeum-Egyesület (EME) and Gondolat Kiadó.
Authors: Ferdinand Siarl
Published: July 2021

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Eörsi, László. 2019. Pesti Lányok, 1956 ['The Pest Girls, 1956']. Budapest: Noran Libro Kiadó.
Authors: Juhász Borbála
Published: July 2021

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Lendák-Kabók, Karolina, ed. 2020: Üvegplafon? Vajdasági magyar (értelmiségi) női perspektivák. [‘Glass Ceiling? Vojvodina Hungarian (Intellectual) Women’s Perspectives’]. Újvidék: Forum. 374 pp.
Authors: Schwartz Agatha
Published: July 2021

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Splenic Rupture in a COVID-19 Patient – Case Report
Authors: Crowley Anna C. , Magadia Raul R. , Lanpher Arianna B.
Published: July 2021

Background: It is well known that Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes coagulation changes, requiring frequent monitoring for potential sequelae such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Non-traumatic splenic rupture is a rare and poorly understood occurrence in the clinical setting. Possible causes of nontraumatic splenic rupture include neoplasm, infection, inflammatory disease, iatrogenic and mechanical causes. Furthermore, increased intrasplenic tension, increased abdominal pressure, and thrombotic vascular occlusion are three possible mechanisms.

The Case: We report a case of splenic rupture in a COVID-19 patient. Our patient was a 52 year old black man, presenting with diarrhea and moderate dyspnea, who was found to be COVID-19 positive. He had a past medical history significant for end-stage renal disease, chronic anemia, and aortic valve replacement. In an otherwise uneventful, 7-day hospital course, the patient’s stay abruptly resulted in a nontraumatic splenic rupture and demise. In this report, we have evaluated the likelihood of COVID-19 causing splenic rupture in a patient with no prior splenic disease.

Conclusion: This case highlights the possibility of splenic rupture in otherwise normally recovering COVID-19 patients, particularly in the presence of comorbid conditions of renal failure and anticoagulation, with increased abdominal pressure during routine defecation. This information may assist in furthering the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and its life-threatening complications. In patients with COVID-19, non-traumatic splenic rupture should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis in patients who present with abdominal pain and early recognition of the same, owing to a high index of suspicion, can be lifesaving.
Conflicto armado, víctimas, política pública y participación
Authors: Díaz Jaramillo José Abelardo , Alvarado Lancheros Blanca Teresa , Cobos Quintero Cristhian Felipe , Caucali García Sonia , Moreno Vinasco Lydney
Published: July 2021

Las reflexiones consideradas en el presente documento hacen parte de un esfuerzo colectivo por interpretar realidades que acontecen en el territorio al poner en diálogo la diversidad de pensamientos que emergen de los encuentros con las comunidades, desde su experiencia, el sentido de lo vivido y lo construido a lo largo de sus vidas, cuya sabiduría encierra sentimientos y emociones que evocan alegría, tristeza, desesperanza a la par que ilusión y esperanza de un futuro próspero. Estas reflexiones se desprenden del ejercicio de acompañamiento realizado a las mesas de víctimas del municipio de Villavicencio, Puerto López y Puerto Gaitán, en el proyecto «Semilleros de pensamiento “El conocimiento como fuente de empoderamiento para la efectiva participación de las víctimas”», realizado con la Consultoría para los Derechos Humanos y el Desplazamiento -CODHES, la Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional -USAID y la Corporación Universitaria del Meta -Unimeta. Lo expuesto en este texto convoca una reflexión de los contextos en los cuales las víctimas del departamento han superado las tensiones vividas en el territorio y en su propia corporeidad, sin desconocer la estrecha relación con los acontecimientos del orden nacional. En este sentido, se hace un recorrido desde la memoria y la historia, de tal manera que se tenga un marco de temporalidad y espacialidad de los acontecimientos ocurridos durante el conflicto armado.
Libro para líderes y lideresas en restitución de tierras en etapa de posfallo
Authors: Huertas César , González Juan Carlos , Pachón Ortiz Luis Felipe , Romero Angélica María , Astaiza Mario , Castro Gina , Arcila Juan David , Reyes Luis Gabriel , Díaz Usaquén Jaime , Salinas Luz Marina
Published: July 2021

El contexto histórico y actual de vulneración de derechos humanos en Colombia exige que la Defensoría del Pueblo junto con Instituciones de Educación Superior y, en el caso del Meta, con la Cooperación Alemana para el desarrollo GIZ, creen y ofrezcan procesos formativos que fortalezcan las capacidades de las comunidades vulnerables para que intervengan en sus realidades y propongan caminos de transformación que permitan reivindicar el goce efectivo de sus derechos. Teniendo claro que la mejor manera de obtener el reconocimiento de los derechos es generar empoderamiento para la incidencia en la ejecución de las políticas públicas y brindar el conocimiento direccionado a la práctica de medidas de reparación integral, la Defensoría del Pueblo, con apoyo de la embajada suiza en Colombia y mediante la aplicación del “modelo defensorial”, realiza el acompañamiento y seguimiento al goce efectivo de los derechos de los destinatarios de la restitución de tierras en etapa posfallo; lo cual ha posibilitado que en los territorios se desarrolle el diplomado “El goce efectivo de derechos de los/as destinatarios/as en el marco de los procesos de restitución de tierras etapa posfallo”, dirigido a líderes, lideresas y representantes de las comunidades focalizadas en diez (10) departamentos de Colombia; y realizado en el departamento del Meta a través de una alianza con la Escuela Superior de Administración Pública – ESAP-, la Corporación Universitaria del Meta –UNIMETA y la Cooperación Alemana para el desarrollo GIZ. El diplomado buscó contribuir a la materialización de las medidas de restitución y efectividad de los derechos de las comunidades afectadas por el fenómeno del despojo y el desplazamiento, mediante el fortalecimiento de las capacidades de los líderes y lideresas para que ellos analizaran y formularan propuestas que conduzcan a la transformación o cambio de esas realidades que vulneran y violan sus derechos humanos, específicamente para impulsar el cumplimiento de las órdenes judiciales de las sentencias de restitución de tierras y evitar la dilación de la reparación integral de las víctimas del conflicto armado interno.
Contribución a la historia constructiva del Pazo de Oca a través de la planimetría de sus propietarios.
Authors: Sánchez González Antonio
Published: July 2021

Oca es el más representativo de los pazos gallegos y un claro exponente de la perfecta simbiosis, hecha belleza y conjunción, entre arquitectura y naturaleza, prodigiosa muestra de composición arquitectónica lograda a través de la sabia combinación entre el empleo de materiales pétreos y vegetales, a lo que se le suma la abundancia de agua. Esto justifica la visión innovadora que aquí trazamos sobre la evolución constructiva de este palacio y de su huerta-jardín a través de la planimetría artística que han conservado los señores y propietarios de Oca, mediante el estudio de los 22 planos que conserva la familia, hoy formando parte del Archivo de la Fundación Casa Ducal de Medinaceli, algunos de muy bella factura.
Los más temibles por su indocilidad”: sobre la conflictividad artesana en la Edad Moderna española
Authors: Nieto Sánchez José Antolín
Published: July 2021

Este artículo estudia las diferencias del conflicto laboral español en la Edad Moderna atendiendo a dos de sus sistemas de organización manufacturera: las grandes concentraciones industriales (Reales Fábricas, arsenales, minas) y los pequeños talleres artesanos. En este estudio se analizan los protagonistas del conflicto, las causas que llevaron a la protesta, la organización de esta, los diferentes tipos de conflicto y la actitud de los directores de Reales Fábricas y maestros artesanos ante el conflicto suscitado por sus subalternos.
Histopathological alterations in the gills of banded gourami (Trichogaster fasciata) exposed to thiamethoxam
Authors: HASAN MD. MOHIBUL , HASAN MD. MAHMUDUL , UDDIN MD. HELAL , SUMON KIZAR AHMED , AMIN AL , RASHID HARUNUR
Published: July 2021

Thiamethoxam (THM) is a widely used agro-pesticide in Bangladesh, though European Union has banned this neonicotinoid insecticide due to its toxic effects on non-target organisms. A 60-day experiment was conducted to study the effect of sub-lethal concentrations of THM on gills of Banded Gourami Trichogaster fasciata. The experiment was conducted in 15 PVC tanks each containing 100L water. The 96-h LC50 value of THM was estimated as 161.06mg/L for Banded Gourami. Based on estimated 96-h LC50 value, the experiment was carried out using a control (0 mg/L of THM) and five sub-lethal concentrations (9.37, 18.75, 37.5, 75 and 150 mg/L of THM in water) with three replications. For collection of gills, fishes were sampled on day-30 and day-60 of exposure to THM. Several histopathological changes were observed in the gill tissues of treated fishes viz. clubbing and reduction of gill filaments, telangiectasis of gill lamellae, haemorrhage and damage of gill raker. Water quality parameters (e.g. DO, pH and temperature) were recorded every 15 days interval. The DO levels were found to decrease significantly with increasing THM concentrations and time of exposure, whereas no noticeable changes were observed for pH and temperature. Therefore, neonicotinoid crop insecticide like THM is capable of damaging gill tissues of an small indigenous fish Banded Gourami.
Penerapan E-Government pada Organisasi Perangkat Daerah Kabupaten Lebong
Authors: Adriadi Rekho , Melany Kanzani Dwi , Fajarini Sri Dwi , Alfiansyah Yogi
Published: July 2021

This article examines the implementations of E-government in the Local Government Organization of Lebong Regency. This article aims to describe the implementation of E-government in Lebong Regency and to find out what are the obstacles in implementing E-government in Lebong Regency which is analyzed through the application of E-government by Indrajit (2002), namely Content Development, Connectivity, Cyber laws, Competency Building, and Citizen Interface. The method used in this article is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques such as interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis techniques in this article are the Miles and Huberman analysis techniques. The result of this study that in terms of implementation, the application of E-government in the Lebong Regency has been going well, such as a clear development plan and several applications that have run optimally. The obstacles in implementing E-government in Lebong Regency are weak IT human resources and the number of devices that need to be replaced /upgraded immediately to reduce obstacles during application implementation.Keywords: E-Government, Implementation, Local Government Organization
El cliente como partícipe de la marca y en decisiones empresariales, con influencia directa de las redes sociales
Authors: Gutiérrez Porcel Juan Pablo
Published: July 2021

En la literatura digital y en los libros actuales que tratan la temática del marketing podemos encontrar un contexto en común: la influencia que tiene el consumidor-cliente sobre las decisiones empresariales, en la innovación de los productos y, en especial, sobre el contacto y servicios como valor que pretende recibir de las empresas.

Este artículo estudia los factores y aspectos que las organizaciones empresariales deberían considerar al momento de tomar decisiones, respecto a la coparticipación o trabajo conjunto que el cliente debería tener en la generación de valor para la empresa, su oferta, y el beneficio del mismo.

El resultado permite confirmar que las decisiones empresariales de MARCA respecto a cómo encarar el acercamiento con el mercado dependen en gran medida de los límites que pondrán los mismos clientes; utilizando métricas de canales; valor cuando ingresa a ser atendido en una página web; en la información que recibe cuando esta twiteando, facebookeando o chateando, etc. Todo esto se transformará en el valor primordial, tener fans de MARCA.
FORMATION OF LOGICAL THINKING AND SPEECH SKILLS OF ELEMENTARY CLASS STUDENTS
Authors: Ontuganova Sh. Sh. , Zhapbarov A.
Published: July 2021

Only with logically correct thinking and understanding, we distinguish between cause-and-effect relationships, dependence on each other, the origin and path of development of things around us. The process of logically correct thinking expands the student's ability to treat his assumptions skeptically and critically, thereby deepening and expanding his understanding of the world, existence and being. The logical process is the result of scientific knowledge of the world, memorization of objects and phenomena of the external world in the human brain, consideration of the correct forms and laws, rules of this image. Logical methods of thinking cannot be formed independently from the day children come to school, for this the teacher must lay the foundations of logical knowledge and skills. It is necessary to work out the material, describing each action taking into account the age capabilities of children, hence the use of a large number of logical tasks in teaching is an important factor in quality learning. And the assimilation of logical techniques, forms of thinking, concepts, judgments to primary school students by conclusions is provided by the primary school program. This article discusses the pedagogical prerequisites for performing a system of tasks in the main subjects of primary school as a way of forming logical thinking skills of younger schoolchildren, skills and means of practical study of logical concepts.
SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THE PREPARATION OF AN ELECTRONIC EDUCATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL COMPLEX ON THE TOPIC «THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM»
Authors: Sapakova A. K. , Munlykbaev М. B. , Issenova М. K.
Published: July 2021

The article describes the problem of low availability and inaccessibility of new information technologies in the Kazakh language in universities, analyzes the pros and cons of electronic textbooks based on theoretical data. The textbooks used by teachers show the effectiveness and usefulness of multimedia, in order to make them more valuable, it is necessary to add digital resources, such as academic games and interactive websites. The questions of the popularity of textbooks compiled using a computer are touched upon, the analysis and testing of programs for compiling electronic textbooks is carried out. The importance of methodological support of the textbook in the creation of electronic information tools is analyzed. Automation of all the main stages of training with electronic textbooks is provided before monitoring the content of the educational material and making recommendations for final grades, thanks to which all mandatory educational materials are replaced by bright, interesting, with a share of intelligence game moves, i.e. widely used multimedia, including interactive and voice. For students and teachers of chemistry, the authors have compiled an electronic textbook in the Kazakh language, the effectiveness of the textbook has been analyzed and studied in accordance with theoretical data and surveys, according to the results of the study, positive indicators of the assimilation of educational material have been demonstrated.
The role of miniinvasive surgery in the treatment of early thyroid cancer
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Tibirna Andrei , Cigoreanu Gheorghe ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova
Published: July 2021

Minimally invasive thyroid surgery is a relatively new branch that has begun to develop since the 1990s, it comes in response to an increasing incidence in recent decades of thyroid tumors such as cancers and adenomas. Thin minimally invasive thyroid surgery has 2 main directions: with and without approach in the neck region, and those with approach at the neck are divided into endoscopic and non-endoscopic. Miniinvasive interventions have a number of advantages over the classic ones such as reduction of postoperative pain syndrome and analgesic consumption, respectively, shorter residence time and much better cosmetic results. Not all patients with thyroid tumors can be operated minimally invasively, there are a number of selection criteria: early stage of primary thyroid cancer or adenomas smaller than 3.5 cm in diameter, without capsule penetration or metastases, the volume of the gland should not exceed 50 -60 ml are not allowed overweight patients, patients with severe chronic morbidity, patients with a history of surgery on the neck, patients as short as possible, children and the elderly are not allowed too
Treatment of follicular cysts in children by decompression (case report)
Authors:   Bukovinian State Medical University, Ukraine, Godovanets Oksana , Murynyuk Taras ,   Bukovinian State Medical University, Ukraine
Published: July 2021

Among cysts of inflammatory origin, radicular and follicular cysts are most often found in children. Follicular cysts are found with a frequency of 35.5-42% among all odontogenic cysts between the ages of 7 and 14 years. It was found that the localization of the follicular cyst depends on age: in children, the lower premolars (20.8%) and upper canines (10%) are more often causal, in adults, the lower third molars (23.3%) and upper canines (18.3 %). Cysts from the rudiments of deciduous teeth are quite rare [1].
The concept of cesarean section in the last 10 years
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Cernetchi Olga , Potacevschi Oleg ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Cazacu Zoreana ,   Municipal Clinical Hospital "Gheorghe Paladi", Republic of Moldova
Published: July 2021

The paper addresses a period of 10 years in terms of the evolution of the number and percentage of cesarean operations in total births and their impact on perinatal outcomes. The results of the study showed with certainty that the widening of indications for abdominal births with increasing their incidence contributes to improving indicators of perinatal mortality.
Peculiarities of glutathione metabolism in COVID-19
Authors:   Institute of Physiology and Sanocreatology, Republic of Moldova, Mereuta Ion , Strutinskii Fiodor ,   Institute of Physiology and Sanocreatology, Republic of Moldova, Bodrug Nicolae ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Poliakova Lilia ,   Institute of Physiology and Sanocreatology, Republic of Moldova, Karaus Vladimir ,   Institute of Physiology and Sanocreatology, Republic of Moldova, Cebotari Anghela ,   Institute of Physiology and Sanocreatology, Republic of Moldova
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of coronavirus infection on the metabolism of glutathione and sulfur-containing amino acids in patients with COVID-19. The defeat of the pulmonary system by the COVID-19 virus is accompanied by hypoxia, which provokes an increased excretion of cystine in the urine, which can cause tension in the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids and glutathione. The understanding of the mechanisms of influence of the COVID-19 virus on metabolic processes in the body has been expanded
Influence of the microbial factor in acute pericoronitis occurrence
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Sirbu Daniela , Racovita Mihai ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Chele Nicolae ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Motelica Gabriela ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova
Published: July 2021

Pericoronitis is an inflammatory disease that occurs after the eruption of the lower wisdom teeth and affects the surrounding tissues, with a complex microbial and traumatic etiology, manifested by an erythematous swelling and gum hyperemia in the retromolar area. The main goal was to determine the etiological spectrum of the microorganisms involved in acute pericoronitis and to evaluate the antibiotics, antiinflammatory drugs effect on pericoronitis treatment. The study included 30 patients (18 male, 12 female), aged between 18-45 years (27,8±8,2 years) with acute pericoronitis of the lower wisdom tooth. The study determined the severity of infection related to subjective and objective clinical symptoms (pain, swelling, congestion), the incidence of various streptococci; antibiotics resistance analysis was performed for in order to determine the sensibility and the rate between monomicrobial and polymicrobial cultures. 14 references, 4 figures.
Eating habits, hygiene practices, physical exercises and some associated factors among school students aged 13-17 at Hai Phong in 2017
Authors: Anh Tran Quynh , Tung Bui Van , Xuan Nguyen Thi Thanh
Published: July 2021

A cross-sectional descriptive study with a target to describe eating habits, hygiene practices, physical exercise and some associated factors among school students aged 13-17 at Hai Phong in 2017. A sample of 1548 students participated in the survey using self-reported questionnaires. Results show that most students eating fruits and vegetables < 5 times/day (75.2%), and 23.4% of students drank carbonated soft drinks ≥ 1 time/day. 43.2% of students did not usually wash hand before eating and after using the toilet and 34.9% did not usually wash hand with soap. Most students did physical activity less than 5 days/week (77.9%); 43.3% of students did not walk or cycle to school, and 36.4% did not play sport (during 7 days). Risk factors that increase improper health behavior include students in the age group 16-17, educational attainment of a parent who has not graduated from high school, being overweight / obese and not being educated health. The intervention of school families and society is needed to improve students' health behaviors.
The feasibility and utility of using coded ambulance records for a violence surveillance system: A novel pilot study
Authors: Scott Debbie , Heilbronn Cherie
Published: July 2021

The acute association between interpersonal violence, alcohol and drug use, self-harm, and mental health issues is relatively unexplored. Violence-related ambulance attendances were analysed, differentiated by type of violence and by victim or aggressor of violence, as well as the co-occurrence of alcohol and drug use, self-harm, and mental health issues. Ambulance attendances related to victims of violence had few co-occurring issues beyond alcohol and drug misuse. In contrast, attendances related to aggressors were more complex, with high proportions of co-occurring mental health, self-harm, and alcohol and drug issues. These findings demonstrate the utility of ambulance data for surveillance of interpersonal violence.
Understanding the structure and composition of co-offending networks in Australia
Authors: Bright David , Whelan Chad
Published: July 2021

A large volume of criminal offending involves two or more individuals acting collaboratively. In recent years, much contemporary research on group crime has integrated research on co-offending with the study of criminal networks. However, while this research (mostly from the United States and Canada) is generating significant insights into co-offending, there is a notable absence of research on co-offending and co-offending networks in Australia. This report presents the findings of a study into co-offending using arrest data from Melbourne, Australia. The study sought to extend previous work on co-offending by analysing the range of crime types committed by individuals and co-offenders across co-offending networks.
Affinities: Malangatana, Surrealism, and Black Liberatory Politics
Authors: Mings Felicia
Published: July 2021

This essay surveys surrealist elements in the early work of pioneering Mozambican artist Malangatana Ngwenya (1936–2011) and argues that his career reflects both the political ambitions and the international character of surrealism.
Frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients of acne vulgaris
Authors: Khalid Z. , Kalhoro H. B. A. , Ashraf A. , Mughal H. , Bukhsh K. , Chachar A. Z. K.
Published: July 2021

Background: Acne vulgaris is a common complaint throughout the world, contributing to both morbidity and healthcare costs. Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is also a world heath problem, and recent evidence suggests that two conditions may be related. However, there is insignificant evidence to support a casual association of HP infection and acne vulgaris. Aim: To determine the frequency of helicobacter pylori infection in patients of acne vulgaris Study design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Settings and duration: Dermatology Department, Liaquat University of medical and health Sciences (LUMHS), Civil Hospital, Hyderabad from 22nd August 2017 to 21st February 2018 Methods: A total of 135 patients, 13 to 30 years of age of both genders with acne vulgaris were included in this study. Patients with H Pylori infection positive without acne vulgaris, family history helicobacter pylori infection, chronic smoker or alcoholics were excluded. Patients were subjected to relevant investigations i.e. HP antibody titer, for that blood sample of each patient was sent to institutional pathology laboratory for measuring of serum levels of anti H. Pylori IgG antibodies where each report was prepared by consultant pathologist. Results: Mean age was 23.33 ± 4.14 years. Out of these 135 patients, 48 (35.56%) were females and 87 (64.44%) were males with female to male ratio of 1:1.8. Frequency of helicobacter pylori infection in patients of acne vulgaris was seen in 107 (79.26%) patients. Conclusion: This study concluded that frequency of helicobacter pylori infection in patients of acne vulgaris is very high and these patients should be screened for helicobacter pylori infection Keywords: Acne, helicobacter pylori, association
A 4 year ERCP Profile of Tertiary Care Hospital: Indications and Diagnosis
Authors: Alvi A. H. , Chachar A. Z. K. , Parvaiz R.
Published: July 2021

Aims: To find the indications and diagnosed conditions in the cases reported in Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore. Also, the prevalence of this procedure amongst the genders in our setting. To establish statistical association between indications and diagnosis. Methodology: All the ERCP procedures done in 4 years from January, 2011 to January 2014 were compiled. The data was gathered using a simple form after the intervention. A total of 554 patients’ data was available, all participants were above the age of 18 years. A response rate 93% was recorded for who consented and allowed to share their information anonymously in the study. Chi square was used to find statistical association, with p-value <0.005 was taken as significant. IBM SPSS 22 was used for data input and evaluation. Results: In our study 35% of the participants were males and 65% were females. 58.33% of the patients underwent sphincterotomy. The highest number of patient’s indicated of undergoing ERCP was 58.33% because of obstructive jaundice without any cause on further investigations. Choledocholithiasis was the commonest diagnosis with 36.6%. A strong association between the indications and the final diagnosis was also found with p-value of 0.000. The success rate of the intervention was 79% making it a safer procedure to be applied. Conclusion: More females have undergone this procedure. Obstructive jaundice was declared as major indication with choledocholithiasis as the commonest condition diagnosed. It was a successful procedure in our setting. Keywords: ERCP, Gastroenterology, Intervention
Frequency of Incus Bone Erosion on Mastoid Exploration in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Middle Ear Cholesteotoma
Authors: Javaid W. , Rashid A. , Amin M. U. K. , Khan T. , Fatima M.
Published: July 2021

Background: Cholesteotoma is a benign but destructive lesion leading to ossicular necrosis. Objective: To see the frequency of incus bone erosion on mastoid exploration in chronic suppurative otitis media with middle ear cholesteotoma. Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Setting: This study was carried out in the Department of ENT Unit-2, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. Duration of Study: Fifteen months months (10th April, 2019 to 9th July, 2020) Sample technique: Non- probability purposive sampling Methods: One hundred and twenty patients were admitted through outpatient department of ENT Unit-2, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore. Patients were included after fulfilling the inclusion criteria and information was collected on a prescribed proforma. Finally during surgery under general anesthesia, the operative findings were noted to know the incus bone erosion after middle ear cholesteatoma formation in chronic suppurative otitis media. Results: A total number of one hundred and twenty patients of chronic suppurative otitis media with middle ear cholesteatoma were included. Out of which 80 (66.7%) were males and 40 (33.3%) were females(Table 1).The patients shown in table 2 were divided in six age groups (Table 2).Table 3 shows that the procedure of mastoidectomy was performed in 112 patients (93.3%) and modified radial mastoidectomy was performed in 8 patients (6.7%).Incus bone erosion in chronic suppurative otitis media with middle ear cholesteatoma in 102 patients (85%) and 18 patients (15%) have no incus bone erosion (Table 4). Conclusion: Ear discharge was the most common presenting characteristic of chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma. The majority of the cases had ossicular erosion, with the incus being the most common site of involvement. Males are more likely than females to develop cholesteatoma. Keywords: erosion of incus bone, Mastoid exploration, Chronic suppurative otitis media, Cholesteatoma
Outcome of Midvastus versus Subvastus Approach in Single Stage Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Siddiq K. , Ali W. , Haider M. I. , Hameed M. H. , Iqbal M. , Riaz M. S.
Published: July 2021

Objective: To compare midvastus and subvastus approach regarding operative parameters(lateral retinacular release, operative time, neurovascular injury) and outcome (Knee Society Score, Straight Leg Raise) at 12 weeks in single stage bilateral total knee arthroplasty. Study Design: Randomized clinical trial study Place and Duration of Study: Institute of Orthopaedic Surgery and South City Hospital Karachi from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2018. Methodology: Fifty two patients of both genders ofmore than 50 years with osteoarthritis grade III or IV and bony changes confirmed by AP and lateral radiographs of knee were included. Patients with previous knee surgeries including high tibial osteotomy, deformities >20°(on mechanical axis), any neuromuscular problem and BMI ≥30 were excluded. Final assessment was done at 12 weeks. Isometric quadriceps strength was assessed by holding of contraction in seconds during the lifting (10cm above the plinth) phase of SLR (patient lying supine).Knee score (preoperative and final follow-up) was performed by Knee Society Score. Results: Thirty five were females and 21 males with mean age 65.3 years (50-78 years). Mean body mass index was 27.8 Kg/m2 (26.4-29.9). In midvastus TKR, the mean operative time was 61.7 minutes (range 52-70) whereas the same was 68.3 minutes (range 58-74) in subvastus TKR with p value 0.002. Rate of lateral retinacular release (LLR) was significantly (p=0.011) different between the midvastus TKR 5 (8.9%) and subvastus TKR 11 (19.6%). Neither group had neurovascular injury or early infection of the knee. Active SLR in subvastus group was achieved in shorter time (mean 3.1 days) as compared to midvastus group (mean 4.7 days). There was no difference (p=0.173) in isometric quadriceps strength at 12 weeks between subvastus TKR (mean 18 seconds) and midvastus TKR (mean 17 seconds). Knee society pain and functional scores were comparable between the two approaches at final follow up. Conclusion: Subvastus exposure has advantage of achieving active straight leg raise earlier while midvastus has lower frequency of lateral retinacular release. No difference in hospital stay and postoperative pain scores. Both subvastus and midvastus approaches are safe and offer comparable Knee Society Score outcomes. Keywords: Midvastus, Subvastus, Total knee arthroplasty, Knee Society Score, Straight leg raise
Determine the Frequency of Sensorineural Deafness in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Magsi A. G. , Rehman M. U. , Soomro F. A. , Ahmed Z. , Memon A. Q.
Published: July 2021

Aim: To determine the frequency of sensorineural deafness in child with cerebral palsy. Study Design: Descriptive/cross-sectional Place and Duration of Study: Department of Neurology, Chandka Medical College Hospital, Larkana from 1st October 2020 to 31st March 2021. Methodology: One hundred and seventy patients of both genders age between 1-14 years were enrolled. Children diagnosed as having cerebral palsy and fulfilling the inclusion criteria was included. Hearing assessment was done with audiometry and degree of hearing loss was recorded in both ears in the form of mild, moderate, severe and profound degree of hearing loss. Results: Most of the patients 90 (52.94%) were between 1-5 years old followed by 51(30%) patients between 5-10 years with mean age of 4.8±7.8 years. 115 (67.65%) cases were males and 55 (32.35%) females. 54 (31.8%) cases had microcephaly and116 (68.2) cases had normal head circumference. Among 170 cases of cerebral palsy 48 (28.23%) cases had hearing loss and 122 (71.77%) of patients of CP had no hearing deficit. Among 48 cases of CP with hearing loss 15 (31.25%) cases had mild, 14 (29.17) cases had moderate, 10 (20.83%) had severe and 11 (22.92%) cases had profound hearing loss. Conclusion: The frequency of sensorineural deficit is high and significantly associated with cerebral palsy patients. Keywords: Degree of hearing loss, Sensorineural hearing loss, Cerebral palsy
Association between Periodontal Status Sociodemographic Profile and Different Level of Oral Hygiene Status among Smokers
Authors: Shah S. G. S. , Baloch H. K. N. , Haq S. U. , Farooq A. , Shah S. S. , Shah F. J.
Published: July 2021

Aim: Association between smoking and periodontal disease with sociodemographic profile and different levels of oral hygiene status. Study Design: Case control study. Place and Duration of Study: Khyber College of Dentistry and Sardar Begum Dental College and Hospital Peshawar KPK from 1st July 2020 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: The were 300 patient from 20-50 years of age were enrolled in the study. The sample was stratified into two groups, cases and controls150 patients in each group. Patients were clinically evaluated by measuring the PDI scores and oral hygiene index. Results: There were (43.3%) smokers and (56.6%) were non-smokers. There were 57.3% smokers and 42.6% were non-smokers with periodontal disease the result was significant (p=0.0001), while 29.3% smokers and 70.6% were non-smokers and did not have periodontal disease. The oral hygiene status was poor among smokers it was 23.1% while 2.9% among non-smokers, with significant result p-value was =0.0001. There was an association between periodontal disease with different levels of smoking the result was significant (p=0.0001). Conclusions: There was an association between smoking, sociodemographic profile with periodontal disease and oral hygiene status. Keywords: Periodontal disease, Smokers, Non-smokers, Periodontal disease index, Oral hygiene index
Comparison of Myoinositol versus Combination of Metformin and Myoinositol in Ovulation Induction in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Akhtar T. , Shaikh F. , . Basma , Ahmed W. U. N. , Lashari S. , Bhatti N.
Published: July 2021

Objective: To compare the efficacy of insulin sensitizer myoinositol versus a combination of myoinositol plus metformin for ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Study Design: Prospective, randomize control trail. Place & Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Sheikh Zayed Women Hospital Larkana from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017. Methodology: Sixty patients were recruited. The proper clinical history, demographic and physical examinations were recorded. Sixty patient divided in two groups A and B, each group receive 30 patients. Group A received myoinositol 1 gm twice daily plus ovulation (letrozole +gonadotrophin) and Group B received two insulin sensitizer myoinositol and metformin plus ovulation induction protocol(from 2-6 days and 7-9 days. Transvaginal ultrasound performed on day 12 of all patients to see the follicular size. Results: Mean age of participants was 26.4±4.4 years and LH/FSH ratio was >1.5. Oligomenorrhea, infertility, hirsutism, and overweight were the major clinical manifestation of women with PCOs. Twenty nine women with PCOs of group A (metformin plus myoinositol) were increased number of follicles as compared to women of group B (myoinositol alone), the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: The combination of these two drugs ‘Metformin and Myoinositol’, work synergistically that gives more metabolic and reproductive benefits as compared to single drug work alone. Keywords: Polycystic ovarian syndrome, Ovulation, Metformin, Myoinositol, Insulin sensitivity
A Critical Analysis of Vitamin D and Calcium in Women during Pregnancy
Authors: Abbas M. , Azhar S. , Fawwad A. , Abbas H. , Jabeen H. , Kamal F. , Sohail M.
Published: July 2021

Aim: To find out the frequency of vitamin D and calcium in pregnant women and their effects on fetus as well as mothers. Study Design: Retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Darul Shifa Clinic & Maternity Home Karachi Pakistan from 1st July 2020 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: One hundred and twenty patients with proper evidence of pregnancy were enrolled. All patients from age 18 years to age 35 years with no other disease were included and those women who have some other diseases or age outliers were excluded. Results: There is a significance difference in the vitamin D and calcium during the period of pregnancy. In the group A (18 years to 25 years) the significance difference of vitamin D was (P=0.000) while the calcium was (P=0.200). In the group B (26 years to 30 years) the significance difference of vitamin D was (P=0.000) while the Calcium was (P=0.071) and in the group C (30 years to 35 years) there was no significant change of vitamin D and calcium (P=0.000). The result of group C is different from the results of the above two groups, because in this age majority of the women were living in a congested houses as well as were spending a depressive life due to home problems, husband wife compromise problems, children problems, financial problems etc. and all such problems have a direct impact on their pregnancy Conclusion: It was statistically found that the Vitamin D and calcium values show significances changes during pregnancy in contrast to the normal women. Key words: Vitamin D, Calcium, Pregnant women
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Bagian Tumbuhan melalui Metode STAD di Kelas IV SDN 1 Joho Kecamatan Pace Kabupaten Nganjuk
Authors: Fatimah Febriani Nur
Published: July 2021

Materi pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam di tingkat Sekolah Dasar cukup luas.  Pada proses pembelajaran perlu adanya bantuan media konkret untuk merangsang anak terlibat secara aktif dan bersemangat dalam kegiatan individu atau kelompok. Pada kegiatan pembelajaran peneliti menemukan bahwa tingkat pemahaman tentang bagian-bagian tumbuhan dan fungsinya siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 1 Joho masih rendah dikarenakan guru menjelaskan dengan ceramah dan contoh yang abstrak sehingga siswa kesulitan memahaminya. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan pemecahan masalah melalui penerapan metode STAD (Student Teams Achievement Divisions). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari dua siklus. Pada masing -masing siklus dilakukan tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 1 Joho dengan jumlah siswa 19 anak. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan secara sistematis dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam  dengan materi bagian-bagian tumbuhan dan fungsinya yang menerapkan pembelajaran dengan penerapan metode STAD dapat mengoptimalkan pembelajaran di kelas. Salah satunya meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Hasil belajar siklus I sebesar 65 % meningkat menjadi 96 % pada siklus II  atau mengalami peningkatan 31 %. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode STAD ini termasuk metode pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa.