bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defluoridation of tap water by electrocoagulation and fluoride adsorption on aluminum hydroxide flocs
Authors: Dhifallah Sirin , Attour Anis , Vial Christophe , Zagrouba Fehti , Audonnet Fabrice
Published: April 2024

Overload of fluoride ions in water is observed in several regions of southern Tunisia, mainly the regions close to the mining basin of Gafsa: Metlaoui, Omlarayes and Redayef. This study concerns fluoride removal from Metlaoui's tap water by electrocoagulation (EC) using aluminum electrodes in a batch reactor. This water contains 3.5 mg·L−1 of fluoride, the highest concentration observed in these basins. The effect of the operating conditions of EC treatment on tap water defluoridation was analyzed, namely, current density, temperature and interelectrode distance. Hydroxide aluminum flocs, formed with different durations of EC, were used as sorbents in fluorinated deionized water ([F−] = 3.5 mg·L−1) and Metlaoui's tap water. Flocs formed after 30 min of EC, produced by dissolving (79 ± 1) mg·L−1 of aluminum and adjusted at pH = 6.5, allowed the adsorption of (98 ± 1)% of fluoride ions from deionized fluorinated water. Flocs adjusted at different pH, from 5 to 9, were used as sorbents in fluorinated deionized water and Metlaoui's tap water. Acidic and neutral flocs allowed the best yields of fluoride adsorption. Contrary to the literature, this work highlighted the absence of ion exchange of hydroxide anion by fluoride anion in water, highlighting a mechanism of physical adsorption on aluminum hydroxide flocs.
Enhanced properties of a positive-charged nanofiltration membrane containing quaternarized chitosan through second interfacial polymerization for the removal of salts and pharmaceuticals
Authors: Bai Xinhui , Lu Yuting , Wang Mudan , Yu Xinyang , Huang Zhonghua
Published: April 2024

Nanofiltration (NF) membrane technology has been widely used in the removal of salts and trace organic pollutants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), due to its superiority. A positive-charged composite NF membrane with an active skin layer was prepared by polyethyleneimine (PEI), trimethyl benzene chloride, and quaternate chitosan (HTCC) through second interfacial polymerization on the polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane. The physicochemical properties of the nanocomposite membrane were investigated using surface morphology, hydrophilicity, surface charge, and molecular weight cut-off (MWCO). The influence of the concentration and reaction time of PEI and HTCC was documented. The optimized membrane had a MWCO of about 481 Da and possessed a pure water permeability of 25.37 L·m−2·h−1·MPa−1. The results also exhibited salt rejection ability as MgCl2 > CaCl2 > MgSO4 > Na2SO4 > NaCl > KCl, showing a positive charge on the fabricated membrane. In addition, the membrane had higher rejection to atenolol, carbamazepine, amlodipine, and ibuprofen at 89.46, 86.02, 90.12, and 77.21%, respectively. Moreover, the anti-fouling performance and stability of the NF membrane were also improved.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids in the Management of Cancer
Authors: Singh Sonia , Verma Riya
Published: April 2024

:

Flavonoids are a class of polyphenolic compounds that can be classified into six distinct
categories, namely isoflavonoids, flavanones, flavanols, flavonols, flavones, and anthocyanidins.
These compounds are naturally occurring and can be found in a diverse range of plant
species. Flavonoids, a class of bioactive compounds, are mostly obtained through the consumption
of vegetables, fruits and plant-derived beverages such as wine, cocoa-based products and
green tea. Flavonoids have been demonstrated to exhibit a diverse range of anticancer properties.
These include the modulation of activities of enzymes involved in scavenging reactive oxygen
species, involvement in cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis and autophagy, as well as suppression
of cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness. Flavonoids exhibit a dual role in maintaining
reactive oxygen species balance. They function as antioxidants in regular physiological conditions,
while also demonstrating significant pro-oxidant properties in cancer cells. This prooxidant
activity induces apoptotic pathways and downregulates pro-inflammatory signalling
pathways. The paper explores the biochemical characteristics, bioavailability, anticancer efficacy,
and modes of action of flavonoids.
Cisplatin-Based Combination Therapy for Enhanced Cancer Treatment
Authors: Li Qi , Chen Siwei , Wang Xiao , Cai Jia , Huang Hongwu , Tang Shengsong , He Dongxiu
Published: April 2024

Cisplatin, a primary chemotherapeutic drug, is of great value in the realm of tumor treatment.
However, its clinical efficacy is strictly hindered by issues, such as drug resistance, relapse,
poor prognosis, and toxicity to normal tissue. Cisplatin-based combination therapy has garnered increasing
attention in both preclinical and clinical cancer research for its ability to overcome resistance,
reduce toxicity, and enhance anticancer effects. This review examines three primary co-administration
strategies of cisplatin-based drug combinations and their respective advantages and
disadvantages. Additionally, seven types of combination therapies involving cisplatin are discussed,
focusing on their main therapeutic effects, mechanisms in preclinical research, and clinical
applications. This review also discusses future prospects and challenges, aiming to offer guidance
for the development of optimal cisplatin-based combination therapy regimens for improved cancer
treatment.
Synthesis and Mesomorphism of New Calamitic Schiff Bases-Ester Possessing Dialkylamino Terminal Substituent
Authors: Ong Lay-Khoon , Ha Sie-Tiong , Yeap Guan-Yeow , Lee Siew-Ling
Published: April 2024

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New calamitic liquid crystals, 4-[{[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]methylidene}amino]phenyl 4-
alkyloxybenzoate (nEABAA) containing mesogenic core system which made of three phenyl rings
were reported. The ester and imine linkages connected the phenyl rings. At one end of the molecule,
the core system was attached to an alkyloxy chain with a variable length -(CH2)n- (where n = 2-10, 12,
14, 16 and 18). At the other end of the molecule, the para position of the phenyl ring is bonded to the
diethylamino group. The molecular structure of the current compounds was confirmed by using spectroscopic
methods. The mesomorphic characteristics of the title compounds were studied by using a
differential scanning calorimeter and a polarizing optical microscope attached to a heating stage.
Through observation under microscopy, it was found that all synthesized compounds exhibited only a
single (nematic) phase. The exhibition of the monophase variance (nematic) in the current compounds
is caused by the presence of the diethylamino group that is attached to the terminal position of
the benzylideneaniline core system. The diethylamino group has caused the molecular breadth to increase
and this results in a weaker overall lateral intermolecular attraction. Subsequently, it depressed
the mesophase thermal stability of the compounds. Thermal properties of the current compounds were
compared with the earlier reported analogous and the structure-property relationships of the current
compounds have been inferred through this comparison.
A Panoramic Review on the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis through Herbalism
Authors: Chaudhary Shikha , Sharma Shaweta , Fuloria Shivkanya
Published: April 2024

Arthritis is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide.
The conventional treatment options for arthritis often come with limitations and potential
side effects, leading to increased interest in herbal plants as alternative therapies. This article provides
a comprehensive overview of the use of herbal plants in arthritis treatment, focusing on their
traditional remedies, active components, mechanisms of action, and pharmaceutical approaches
for enhancing their delivery. Various herbal plants, including turmeric, ginger, Boswellia, and willow
bark, have shown anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, making them valuable options
for managing arthritis symptoms. The active components of these herbal plants, such as curcumin,
gingerols, and boswellic acids, contribute to their therapeutic effects. To enhance the delivery of
herbal medicines, pharmaceutical approaches like nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, liposomes,
polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, microneedles, and inhalation systems have been
explored. These approaches aim to improve bioavailability, targeted delivery, and controlled release
of herbal compounds. Safety considerations, including potential interactions with medications
and the risk of allergic reactions, are also discussed. Future perspectives for this field involve
conducting well-designed clinical studies, enhancing standardization and quality control measures,
exploring novel drug delivery systems, and fostering collaborations between traditional
medicine practitioners and healthcare professionals. Continued research and development in these
areas will help unlock the full potential of herbal plants in arthritis treatment, offering personalized
and effective care for affected individuals.
Evaluation of the e–Mental Health Intervention Make It Training From Patients' Perspectives: Qualitative Analysis Within the Reduct Trial
Authors: Krakowczyk Julia Barbara , Truijens Femke , Teufel Martin , Lalgi Tania , Heinen Jana , Schug Caterina , Erim Yesim , Pantförder Michael , Graf Johanna , Bäuerle Alexander
Published: April 2024

Background

Make It Training is an e–mental health intervention designed for individuals with cancer that aims to reduce psychological distress and improve disease-related coping and quality of life.

Objective

This study evaluated the experienced usefulness and usability of the web-based Make It Training intervention using a qualitative approach.

Methods

In this study, semistructured interviews were conducted with participants at different cancer stages and with different cancer entities. All participants had previously taken part in the Reduct trial, a randomized controlled trial that assessed the efficacy of the Make It Training intervention. The data were coded deductively by 2 independent researchers and analyzed iteratively using thematic codebook analysis.

Results

Analysis of experienced usefulness resulted in 4 themes (developing coping strategies to reduce psychological distress, improvement in quality of life, Make It Training vs traditional psychotherapy, and integration into daily life) with 11 subthemes. Analysis of experienced usability resulted in 3 themes (efficiency and accessibility, user-friendliness, and recommendations to design the Make It Training intervention to be more appealing) with 6 subthemes. Make It Training was evaluated as a user-friendly intervention helpful for developing functional coping strategies to reduce psychological distress and improve quality of life. The consensus regarding Make It Training was that it was described as a daily companion that integrates well into daily life and that it has the potential to be routinely implemented within oncological health care either as a stand-alone intervention or in addition to psychotherapy.

Conclusions

e–Mental health interventions such as Make It Training can target both the prevention of mental health issues and health promotion. Moreover, they offer a cost-efficient and low-threshold option to receive psycho-oncological support.
Efficient Computation of the Quantum Rate-Distortion Function
Authors: He Kerry , Saunderson James , Fawzi Hamza
Published: April 2024

The quantum rate-distortion function plays a fundamental role in quantum information theory, however there is currently no practical algorithm which can efficiently compute this function to high accuracy for moderate channel dimensions. In this paper, we show how symmetry reduction can significantly simplify common instances of the entanglement-assisted quantum rate-distortion problems. This allows us to better understand the properties of the quantum channels which obtain the optimal rate-distortion trade-off, while also allowing for more efficient computation of the quantum rate-distortion function regardless of the numerical algorithm being used. Additionally, we propose an inexact variant of the mirror descent algorithm to compute the quantum rate-distortion function with provable sublinear convergence rates. We show how this mirror descent algorithm is related to Blahut-Arimoto and expectation-maximization methods previously used to solve similar problems in information theory. Using these techniques, we present the first numerical experiments to compute a multi-qubit quantum rate-distortion function, and show that our proposed algorithm solves faster and to higher accuracy when compared to existing methods.
Preparation, characterization and evaluation of nano manganese dioxide coated on alumina as a new adsorbent for the effective removal of phenol from aqueous samples
Authors: Mohammadi Sayed , Mousazadeh Farideh , Salajegheh-Tezerji Leila , Lashkari Batoul , Bani-Asadi Elina
Published: April 2024

An effective sorbent, nano-manganese dioxide coated on alumina (NMO/Al) nanocomposite, as an economical adsorbent, was prepared in the present study. To this end, morphological, chemical and surface characteristics of NMO/Al were determined through various techniques. The NMO/Al nanocomposite could be thus separated effortlessly from water samples using a filter paper and then, the removal of phenol from the wastewater samples was evaluated. Accordingly, various empirical parameters affecting this removal including pH, ionic strength, time, temperature and phenol concentration were examined. In order to investigate the adsorption equilibrium, Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equations were utilized. The Langmuir adsorption model had a higher correlation coefficient (R2) indicating better fit to the adsorption characteristics. Various kinetic models were employed to evaluate the adsorption kinetics of phenol on the NMO/Al nanocomposite. Based on the results, the Elovich model exhibited the best fit with a sorption capacity of 21.34 mg g-1. Additionally, the adsorbed phenol was desorbed from the NMO/Al surface by using ethanol with high efficiency, and then the NMO/Al nanocomposite was used again to remove phenol. The results showed that the NMO/Al nanocomposite could be reused for more than five cycles. Based on the findings, the phenol adsorption process from wastewater using NMO/Al nanocomposite is considered an efficient adsorption approach in a large-scale adsorption system.
Potentially toxic elements in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca L.) from the Gruza Reservoir: Health risk assessment related to fish consumption by the general population and fishermen
Authors: Miloskovic Aleksandra , Radenkovic Milena , Kojadinovic Natasa , Velickovic Tijana , Djuretanovic Simona , Simic Vladica
Published: April 2024

The aim was to evaluate concentrations of 14 potentially toxic elements in three tissues (muscle, liver and gills) of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) and to assess health risk (the potential non-cancerogenic ? tTotal target hazard quotient (TTHQ) and cancerogenic ? target carcinogenic risk factor (TR) health risk) associated with the consumption of pikeperch from the Gruza Reservoir by the general population and fishermen. A value of Fulton?s condition factor (CF) of less than one in our study indicated the poor general health of pikeperch. According to metal pollution index (MPI), the liver was exposed to the highest pressure of metal pollution. Levels of elements were lower than the national levels and international threshold levels, thus suggested a very likely absence of contamination risk of fish with elements in the Gruza Reservoir. Higher TTHQ was observed for fishermen (0.25) compared to the general population (0.20). Higher value of TR for As compared to TR for Pb was detected, both for the general population and for fishermen. In general, there was no risk to human health from pikeperch consumption, but fishermen were at slightly higher health risk to develop cancer if they consume pikeperch meat compared to the general population.
Evaluation of maxillary dimensional changes in the mixed dentition: clear aligners vs acrylic expanders
Authors: Pamukçu Hande , Özsoy Serhat , Aksoy Polat Can , Polat Özsoy Ömur
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To compare changes in upper arch dimension and molar inclination between Invisalign First (IF) and removable acrylic expander (RE) treatments during the mixed dentition period.

Materials and Methods

Seventeen patients meeting inclusion criteria underwent IF treatment and were age matched with a group that received treatment with a removable acrylic expander (RE). Intercanine width (ICW), intermolar width, arch depth, buccolingual inclination of the first molars (MI), surface area (SA) and volume (VAP) of the anterior palate, and expansion were compared before and after treatment. The predictability of expansion was calculated for the IF group. Analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to assess differences.

Results

The ICW increased significantly by 2.14 mm in the IF group and 3.49 mm in the RE group, with no significant intergroup difference. Both groups exhibited significant increases in intermolar width (P < .05), except for intermolar distopalatal width in the IF group (P = .246). Mesiobuccal rotation of the first molar was observed with IF treatment. Although SA and VAP increased in both groups, the changes were not significant for the IF group (P > .05). The RE group exhibited significantly higher increases (P < .05), with an SA increase of 34.32 mm2 and VAP increase of 119.15 mm3. MI changes were in the opposite directions. The prediction accuracy of expansion was 70.28% for canines and 34.12% for first molars.

Conclusions

Both appliances effectively expanded the intercanine region in growing patients. Expansion predictability was lower in first molars than in canines for the IF group. Removable acrylic expanders could be a choice of preference for expansion targeted to the molar region.
Cardiovascular events among patients with prostate cancer treated with abiraterone and enzalutamide
Authors: Baser Onur , Samayoa Gabriela , Dwivedi Archana , AlSaleh Sara , Cigdem Burhan , Kizilkaya Erdi
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: There is growing concern about the adverse metabolic and cardiovascular effects of abiraterone acetate (AA) and enzalutamide (ENZ), two standard hormonal therapies for prostate cancer. We analysed the risk of cardiovascular adverse events among patients treated with AA and ENZ.
Patients and methods: We used Kythera Medicare data from January 2019 to June 2023 to identify patients with at least one pharmacy claim for AA or ENZ. The index date was the first prescription claim date. Patients were required to have 1 year of data pre- and post-index date. New users excluded those with prior AA or ENZ claims and pre-existing cardiovascular comorbidities. Demographic and clinical variables, including age, socioeconomic status (SES), comorbidity score, prostate-specific comorbidities, and healthcare costs, were analysed . Propensity score matching was employed for risk adjustment.
Results: Of the 8,929 and 8,624 patients in the AA and ENZ cohorts, respectively, 7,647 were matched after adjusting for age, sociodemographic, and clinical factors. Between the matched cohorts (15.54% vs. 14.83%, p < 0.05), there were no statistically significant differences in any cardiovascular event after adjusting for these factors. The most common cardiovascular event in both cohorts was heart failure (5.20% vs. 4.49%), followed by atrial fibrillation (4.42% vs. 3.60%) and hypotension (2.93% vs. 2.48%).
Interpretation: This study provides real-world evidence of the cardiovascular risk of AA and ENZ that may not appear in clinical trial settings. Adjusting for age, baseline comorbidities, and SES, the likelihood of a cardiovascular event did not differ between treatment groups.
Excess weight, weight gain, and prostate cancer risk and prognosis: the PROCA-life study
Authors: Støyten Martin , Knutsen Tore , Stikbakke Einar , Agledahl Ingvild , Wilsgaard Tom , Eggen Anne Elise , Richardsen Elin , Giovannucci Edward , Thune Inger , Haugnes Hege S.
Published: April 2024

Background: Studies of excess weight and weight changes throughout adult life for prostate cancer (PCa) risk and prognosis have shown inconsistent results.
Methods: In a population-based cohort, the Prostate Cancer Study throughout life (PROCA-life), 16,960 healthy men from the prospective cohort Tromsø Study (1994–2016) were included. Body mass index (BMI) and weight were measured at all four attendings, and weight change was calculated as the difference between the first and last of either Tromsø4, Tromsø5 or Tromsø6. Overall, 904 men developed PCa during 16 years of follow-up, and Poisson regression with fractional polynomials was used to investigate trends in incidence. Cox proportional hazard and logistic regression models were used to study associations between measurements of BMI and weight change and PCa risk, severity, and mortality.
Results: At study entry, 46% of the participants (median age 44 years) were overweight, and 14% were obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2). We observed a 127% increase in overall age adjusted PCa incidence in the cohort during 1995 through 2019. No overall associations between BMI or weight change and PCa risk were observed. However, in sub-group analysis, weight gain among obese men was associated with a three-fold higher PCa risk (HR 3.03, 95% CI 1.39–6.58) compared with obese men with stable weight. Overweight was associated with lower risk of metastatic cancer (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.30–0.75) at diagnosis. Men with obesity had higher risk of PCa-specific death (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.03–2.88), while nonsmoking obese PCa cases had two times higher PCa-specific mortality compared with normal weighted PCa cases (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.11–3.70).
Interpretation: In our cohort, weight gain among obese men was associated with higher risk of PCa, and obesity was associated with higher PCa-specific mortality, especially among nonsmokers. The relationship between weight and risk for PCa remains complicated, and future studies are needed to determine clinical implications.
EU Engagement in the Arctic: Challenges to Achieving Ambitions in an Area outside Its Jurisdiction
Authors: Julien Lebel  , Annika E. Nilsson
Published: April 2024

The European Union (EU) has underscored its will to heighten its engagement in the Arctic region. Beyond traditional areas of interest – such as tackling climate change, supporting research and developing cooperations – critical resources and security emerged as new topics in the EU’s most recent policy documents. These have become even more critical since February 2022 following Russia’s all-out war against Ukraine. The Circumpolar North is the subject of many challenges caused by climate change and its fragile biodiversity, which, combined with the region’s importance for scientific research, access to natural resources, tourist activities, and military security, places it in a geopolitically strategic position. By focusing on EU ambitions in the Arctic, this article analyses the EU’s potential to implement policies and set consequential trends in an area of political interest outside its jurisdiction. It concludes that core political priorities and sector-specific regulations that directly guide the behaviour of EU members may have more influence than Arctic policy statements.
Právo nevyhnutnej cesty podľa ustanovenia § 151o ods. 3 slovenského Občianskeho zákonníka vo svetle rozhodovacej činnosti
Authors:   Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Právnická fakulta, Hamřik Martin
Published: April 2024

The right of the necessary road through the adjacent land to the land on which the building is located, in the conditions of the Slovak Republic can be established by a constitutive decision of the court, under the prerequisites of the provisions of Section 151o (3) of the Civil Code. Application practice subsequently interprets these statutory prerequisites, among others, for example, in the decision of the Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic of 30 June 2022, Case No. 5 Cdo 51/2020, which is the focus of this paper.
Práva obetí trestných činov v komparatívnom kontexte slovenského a českého zákona o obetiach trestných činov
Authors:   Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, Právnická fakulta, Kurejová Martina
Published: April 2024

In conclusion, it can be concluded that both legal regulations regarding the rights of crime victims in Slovakia and the Czech Republic lead to the strengthening and improvement of their rights. The legislation in question has many common features, but it is also possible to find certain differences. Both laws clearly define terms such as victim, particularly vulnerable victim, as well as the principles of victim protection and support. On the other hand, the law on victims of crimes in the Czech Republic is more extensive in terms of the scope of regulation of the rights of victims of crimes, as it regulates six rights of victims and five of them are regulated in the Slovak law. The advantage of the longer period of validity of the Czech legislation is obvious, that is, it entered into force in 2013 and reflected on several suggestions from practice. Slovak legislation has been effective since 2018 and is still evolving. It would be beneficial if, in the part of the regulation of the rights of victims of crimes, it was inspired to a greater extent by the Czech legal regulation, in particular the right of the victim of a crime to protection against secondary harm and the right of the victim of a crime to the protection of privacy.
Aggression against Ukraine: Failure of the International Criminal Justice?
Authors:   Právnická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy, Matoušková Anna
Published: April 2024

On March 2, 2022, during its 11th Emergency Special Session, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution that condemned the aggression by the Russian Federation against Ukraine. A resolution expected to be followed by further, specific steps. Ensuring accountability for the crime of aggression committed by the members of the leadership of the aggressor State would be one of them. However, gaps in the international criminal justice system still exist, which make the way forward difficult. The key organ of this system, the International Criminal Court, regarding the crime of aggression, is limited by its narrow jurisdictional framework. The present article first explains the limits of the International Criminal Court’s jurisdiction. Subsequently, methods of the establishment of a special tribunal for the crime of aggression are outlined and structured into two categories based on the involvement of the United Nations in the process. First, it describes the possibilities, advantages, and risks of attempting to draft and conclude an agreement between Ukraine and the United Nations on the establishment of a special tribunal. Furthermore, it outlines alternative ways without the direct involvement of the United Nations.
Pohľady na efektívnosť novelizácií rekodifikovaného Trestného zákona
Authors:   Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Právnická fakulta, Mihálik Stanislav
Published: April 2024

Conclusions can be conceived in two lines, which corresponds to the very concept of the paper. On the one hand, we dare to claim that the legal regulation of substantive criminal law is, in the end, an indisputably important criterion for evaluating the efficiency of criminal proceedings, although a subsidiary criterion (as the primary criterion will be the legal regulation of criminal proceedings, or pre-trial proceedings). It follows from the above that the purity of substantive law is very important criterion, as it determines the application of criminal law by means of procedural criminal law. On the other hand, we believe that although the first of the starting points applies, in the conditions of substantive criminal law it is possible to identify many elements that have a negative effect in relation to the direction towards efficiency, even as braking elements. We elaborated the mentioned partial line in the second part of the present paper, while in addition to analysing individual problems, we also focused on suggesting possible solutions.
Právní postavení vedoucího zaměstnance v právním řádu České republiky
Authors:   University of West Bohemia, Dočkal Milan
Published: April 2024

Who is „senior emploee“, where we can find this institute of law in czech legal system and what it takes to become one? That is subject of this article. Senior employee is defined by § 11 of the Labour Code and its legal regulation is completed with jurisprudence. Law defines most importat conditions for the funnction of senior employee and rights and duties that are conected with it, espacially special rights and duties as duty of care for the safety and helth of subordinate employees, or right to get financial compensation for greater responsibility. According to jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic senior employee stands between employer and subordinates, but relationship between senior employee and employer is still based on § 6 of the Labour Code and senior employee is still subordinate to employer.
Limity výkonu priamej demokracie formou referenda
Authors:   Právnická fakulta Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, Ondrová Júlia , Úradník Michal ,   Právnická fakulta Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici
Published: April 2024

Democracy is created on the base of values and the people’s sovereignty realized by means of electing their deputies. Obviously, the institute of referendum is connected with the direct democracy execution, and besides that, its accomplishment signifies the level of the highly developed society. Therefore, the dealing with all society problematic topic sis most reliable when their resolving possesses the high degree of legitimacy which is predominantly guaranteed by the referendum voting. Nevertheless, the referendum has its own constitution limits which have to be respected by the legal state in order to safeguard the constitution conformity.
Právo na prístup verejnosti k informáciám v prípravnom konaní
Authors:   Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, Právnická fakulta, Pisarčíková Dominika
Published: April 2024

The author deals with the issue of the right to information in general and specifically in relation to pre-trial proceedings in the pre-trial part of criminal proceedings. The paper contains a definition of the legal regulation of the right to information. Attention is also paid to the possibility of limitation or complete non-provision of the right to information. The argumentation in the paper is supported by court decisions. In relation to public information regarding the preparatory proceedings, the legal regulation contained in the Criminal Procedure Code is also analysed.
Nástroje právnej ochrany životného prostredia v prameňoch rímskeho práva
Authors:   Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Právnická fakulta, Prnová Jana
Published: April 2024

This paper is dedicated to the environmental protection according to the rules of Roman law. Combining Roman and environmental law may seem controversial, since the latter is regulated by the means of public law, and on the contrary, Roman ​​private law is not suitable for systematic environmental protection. Hence, the protection of environment was neither a main issue of Roman politics nor Roman law. Nevertheless, the Romans created several legal instruments that could be used to protect the collective interest in preventing the environmental damages. Regarding the above mentioned, this paper offers a view on the different sources that record the protective attitude of Romans towards the nature and environment. In addition, this paper examines the instruments of legal protection of environment in the sources of Roman law, i.e., interdicts and actions that tend to protect the purity of air and waters. The paper is intended to serve as a source of information for practitioners as well as for historians or academics dealing with Roman law, while everyone will be approaching the text differently and with different questions.
Vývoj kriminality v letech 1961–1972 dle zpráv GP ČSSR a předsedy NS ČSSR pro zákonodárné sbory
Authors: Rohr Karel
Published: April 2024

A telling source on the subject are the written reports of the chief public prosecutor and the president of the highest court from 1961 to 1972 on the state of socialist legality for the legislatures, which were discussed cyclically in these representative assemblies at their regular meetings. In this way, insight was also gained into how the development of the specific crime in question was reflected at a high political level. As a result of the thesis, it was found that, although socialist property was given increased protection by criminal law at the time, it was this property that was increasingly the target and object of property crime. This criminality was committed both on a very sophisticated level and in a systematic manner by persons who were very well placed socially and sometimes politically, but also by persistent and yet very frequent small-scale attacks, committed most often by perpetrators in the position of employees (even among the managerial staff) of enterprises of the socialist economy. These attacks were often committed by persons who had not been convicted until their conviction.
AI Liability Directive – first impressions
Authors:   P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Law Faculty, Toman Michal
Published: April 2024

The content of this article is the Commission’s proposal of the AI Liability Directive. The text analyzes the procedural aspects of liability for damage related to artificial intelligence and the related concepts “disclosure of evidence” and “rebuttable presumptions”. And it further presents Presumption of causality and New AI liability regime. In the new regime the burden of proof will be alleviated from claimants. If the commercial entities do not voluntarily provide access to such evidence, the harmed person may upon a reasoned request get a national court to order the disclosure of such information. If the entity still refuses to disclose the relevant information the court will therefore assume causality between the fault of the defendant and the output produced by an AI system or the failure of an AI system to produce the intended output.
Obmedzovanie slobody prejavu v Slovenskej republike
Authors:   Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, Právnická fakulta, Katedra trestného práva, Vinerová Bronislava
Published: April 2024

In the introduction to the paper, the author mentions the anchoring of freedom of expression both internationally and nationally, as well as the purpose, forms and content of freedom of expression. Since freedom of expression is not absolute, it must be restricted in certaincases. In the context of the case-law, the author has indicated which conditions must be met in order to be a constitutionally acceptable restriction on freedom of expression. In conclusion, the author pointed to an attempt to introduce a new crime of spreading false information, citing arguments that justify its contradiction with the Constitution of the Slovak Republic.
Možnosti administratívnoprávneho a trestnoprávneho postihu na úseku ochrany zvierat v teórii a aplikačnej praxi
Authors:   Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, Právnická fakulta, Geschwandtnerová Sandra
Published: April 2024

The paper deals with the fine line between administrative and criminal sanctions in the area of animal protection. It points to the theoretical starting points of both legal branches and compares them with the problems of application practice. Crime committed in the area of animal protection is increasing every year, which is beginning to be reflected in its registry which is slowly rising. On the contrary, the number of convictions of the perpetrators of these cruel crimes is still freezing. In the paper, we will not forget the planned changes in the context of animal protection, reflecting the major amendment of the Criminal Code. With the planned amendment to the Criminal Code, we will reach the criminalization of illegal animal reproduction for the purpose of making a profit, which we consider beneficial.
Los segmentos del Marketing: Análisis, definición y tipos
Authors: Álvarez Sigüenza Juan Francisco
Published: April 2024

El presente estudio realiza un análisis breve, concreto y holístico, sobre los diferentes tipos de segmentos de mercado o de marketing. Para ello se realiza una definición y análisis de cada uno de los segmentos más relevantes y junto a ellos se abordan los conceptos de público objetivo y el target comercial; su relación con la investigación del mercado; el comportamiento del consumidor ante el comercio online y la investigación de mercado, ya que todos se convierten en factores fundamentales para su entendimiento y posterior funcionamiento a la hora de dirigir campañas o productos en el mercado. Sin un conocimiento previo del tipo de segmento poblacional al que se dirigen los mensajes, difícilmente se podría hablar de una campaña con probabilidades de éxito. La metodología empleada ha sido la metodología comparativa muy empleada en el ámbito de las Ciencias Sociales. A priori, los resultados muestran la composición de cada uno de los segmentos y puede considerarse una buena guía resumen para investigaciones sobre la materia de Marketing.
TRAVEL POETRY BY NOR FARIDAH ABDUL MANAF, SILVERFISH BOOKS, 2019, 78 PAGES. ISBN 978-983-3221-96-7
Authors: Shah Khaidzir Mohd Fadhli , Ahmad Kamal Mafarhanatul Akmal
Published: April 2024

Travel Poetry (2019) by Nor Faridah Abdul Manaf is a compilation of poems on places, people, and memories. These narrative writings are anecdotes that delves into the aesthetic appreciation of embarking on journeys and exploring places while establishing a profound connection to an individual's cultural heritage and roots. Faridah embellishes her travel experiences by providing a comprehensive portrayal of the places and individuals encountered along her journeys, leveraging the perspective of a Malay Muslim woman who has received a Western education. This book allows readers to experience travelling all over the world by reading her poems from one page to another while understanding Faridah’s perspective and worldview as an individual. Through her works, Faridah effectively communicates the notion that even though individuals travel to explore different parts of the world, they ultimately find a sense of pride and connection to their own country and cultural heritage, which in the end helps to shape their personal identity. In short, Travel Poetry is not just a book of poems about travelling to different destinations around the world but also about how an individual’s mind and action are moved by their destinations.
 
Keywords: Travel, place, people, heritage, journey.
 
Cite as: Mohd Fadhli, S. K., & Mafarhanatul Akmal, A. K. (2024). Travel poetry by Nor Faridah Abdul Manaf, Silverfish Books, 2019, 78 pages. ISBN 978-983-3221-96-7. (Book review). Journal of Nusantara Studies, 9(1), 143-147. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol9iss1pp143-147
VISUALIZING TOURISM TRANSLATION LITERATURE (2002-2023): A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW
Authors: Xiaoyan Shang , Che Mat Nur Huslinda , Hong Siok Teh
Published: April 2024

Background and Purpose: With the rapid development of tourism, language plays a significant role in influencing a tourist’s decisions when planning their trip, especially if they do not speak the language of the destination. Given the critical nature of information in the tourism industry, translating tourism materials for international tourists becomes essential. However, there has been limited bibliometric review on the issue. Thus, this bibliometric review aims to comprehend the existing literature and provide a visualized profile for various themes by analyzing hotspots, emerging trends, and the evolution of tourism translation studies.
 
Methodology: A bibliometric review was conducted using the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The review utilized CiteSpace software to generate a scientific knowledge map and visually analyzed 2764 research articles on tourism translation published in CNKI over the past 21 years (from 2002 to 2023). The analysis encompassed time, author, and institution mapping, keyword clustering, and the identification of emerging words.
 
Findings: The findings indicated that the study of tourism translation had sparked researchers’ enthusiasm, resulting in a general increase in the number of articles. Furthermore, various theoretical frameworks, including Skopos theory, Translation Aesthetics theory, and Adaptation theory, have been extensively analyzed in tourism texts. Although significant progress has been made in the exploration of translation strategies, there is still considerable room for advancement in terms of research methodology and perspective.
 
Contributions: This bibliometric review contributes to the advancement of knowledge in tourism translation, helps shape future research directions, and offers practical guidance for industry professionals, researchers, and policymakers involved in the tourism sector.
 
Keywords: Chinese-English translation, tourism translation, visual analysis, tourism materials, CiteSpace.
 
Cited as: Shang, X. Y., Mat. N. H. C., & Teh, H. S. (2024). Visualizing tourism translation literature (2002-2023): A bibliometric review. Journal   of   Nusantara   Studies, 9(1), 174-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol9iss1pp174-192
THE USE OF ENGLISH INTERACTION STRATEGIES IN COOPERATIVE LEARNING: A CASE STUDY OF FOUR CHINESE COLLEGE STUDENTS’ SPOKEN DISCOURSE
Authors: Jia Jiannan , Stapa Mahani
Published: April 2024

Background and Purpose: Previous studies have examined the efficacy of the cooperative learning approach to enhance speaking outcomes, but little is known about what happens in the interaction process of cooperative learning and how cooperative learning works to promote speaking interaction. The current study examines Chinese college students’ interaction strategies in cooperative learning activities and how cooperative learning instruction influenced their interaction strategy use.
 
Methodology: This research adopted the sequential explanatory design. Thirty students from an intact class at a Chinese public university participated in a 12-week cooperative learning instruction and kept learner diaries over time. One cooperative learning team of four members was randomly chosen for observing their interaction strategy use throughout the semester fortnightly. The frequencies of their interaction strategies employed in the transcribed recordings were analysed through descriptive statistics and the learner diaries were analysed through thematic analysis.
 
Findings: The findings indicated that the four students’ Modified-Interaction strategies were employed much less frequently than Social-Interaction strategies when they worked cooperatively, and training in Modified-Interaction strategies was greatly needed for promoting students’ effective interaction and language development. It has also been found that cooperative learning instruction was helpful in promoting students’ Social-Interaction strategy use as it provided a natural and conducive environment for students to socialize and cooperate towards the group goals.  
 
Contributions: This study can provide insights into implementing cooperative learning activities and training interaction strategies in a formal language classroom context.
 
Keywords: Cooperative learning, peer interaction, interaction strategies, modified interaction, social interaction.
 
Cite as: Jia, J., & Stapa, M. (2024). The use of English interaction strategies in cooperative learning: A case study of four Chinese college students’ spoken discourse.  Journal of Nusantara Studies, 9(1), 25-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol9iss1pp25-52
The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Civil Proceedings in Poland
Authors: Gołaczyński Jacek , Brylak Kamila
Published: April 2024

The article discusses a possibility and circumstances of conducting a remote hearing in the Polish civil procedure. Especially, the authors describe and analyse the legal provisions applicable prior, during and after Covid-19 as well as their impact on the process of informatization of the civil proceedings in Poland with the main focus on remote hearings that were not - generally, possible before Covid-19. The article also takes a closer look at the possibility to participate in a trial outside the seat of the court and the principle of openness of the proceedings.
The Continuing Training of Nurses and their Impact on their Organizational Commitment
Authors: Chiampou Eleni , Maz-Machado Alexander , Valenzuela Gema Linde , Rodríguez-Baiget Maria Josefa
Published: April 2024

Objective: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect exerted by nurses' participation in lifelong nursing education programs on their levels of organizational commitment.
 
Theoretical Framework: Discusses the importance of lifelong learning in the nursing profession, highlighting how continuous development of knowledge and skills is essential due to rapid advances in medicine and healthcare. It stresses that continuing education is a critical part of lifelong learning, necessary for the improvement of patient care and adaptation to socio-economic, technological and demographic changes.
 
Method: This is primary quantitative research.  The sample consists of 121 Greek nurses, employed in Attica. The response rate was 48%. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire sent via e-mails. SPSS version 23 was used for statistical analysis. In descriptive statistics, means and standard deviations were presented, and in inductive statistics, Pearson's correlation test and regression analysis were performed.
 
Results and Discussion: The results showed a positive and statistically significant correlation between four of the five categories of nurses' participation motivations: "Professional Service", "Collegial Learning and Interaction", "Personal Benefits and Job Security" and "Personal Commitment and Reflection". Well-targeted programmes can strengthen organisational loyalty, suggesting that continuing education is fundamental to personal and professional development, as well as benefiting the quality of patient care and job satisfaction.
 
Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of nursing and continuing education programmes. These implications could encompass the professional performance and post-graduate training and work attitudes of staff working in the public health sector.
 
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by exploring how nurses' continuing education impacts their organisational commitment in Greece. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced because it shows how continuing nursing education improves the quality of patient care and the overall functioning of health care organisations.