bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative satellite DNA mapping in species of the genus Prochilodus (Teleostei, Characiformes) and its evolutionary implications
Authors: dos Santos Rodrigo Zeni , Goes Caio Augusto Gomes , Stornioli José Henrique Forte , Sassi Francisco de Menezes Cavalcante , de Moraes Renata Luiza Rosa , Dergam Jorge Abdala , Porto-Foresti Fábio , Cioffi Marcelo de Bello , Utsunomia Ricardo
Published: October 2024

Satellite DNA (satDNA) sequences are dynamic components of the eukaryotic genome that can play significant roles in species diversification. The Prochilodontidae family, which includes 21 Neotropical fish species, is characterized by a conserved karyotype of 2 n = 54 biarmed chromosomes, with variation in some species and populations regarding the presence or absence of B chromosomes. This study aimed to investigate whether the chromosomal distribution of specific satDNA sequences is conserved among three Prochilodus species ( Prochilodus lineatus, Prochilodus costatus, and Prochilodus argenteus) regarding organization and number of loci, and to compare their genomes using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Our results demonstrated that most satDNA sequences share a similar distribution pattern across the three species, and CGH analysis corroborated that their karyotypes are very similar in terms of repetitive DNA distribution. We also identified a potential CENP-B box sequence within PliSat01, a satDNA located in the pericentromeric region of all analyzed species. In contrast, PliSat04 and PliSat14 displayed differential locations and variations in the number of loci per genome, underscoring the dynamic nature of repetitive sequences even in species with otherwise highly conserved genomes. These findings represent the first evidence of karyotype diversification in Prochilodus, highlighting the evolutionary dynamism of satDNA sequences.
Phantom BTZ black holes
Authors: Eslam Panah B. , Rodrigues M. E.
Published: October 2024

Motivated by the impact of the phantom field (or anti-Maxwell field) on the structure of three-dimensional black holes in the presence of the cosmological constant, we present the first extraction of solutions for the phantom BTZ (A)dS black hole. In this study, we analyze the effect of the phantom field on the horizon structure. Furthermore, we compare the BTZ black holes in the presence of both the phantom and Maxwell fields. Additionally, we calculate the conserved and thermodynamic quantities of the phantom BTZ black holes, demonstrating their compliance with the first law of thermodynamics. Subsequently, we assess the effects of the electrical charge and the cosmological constant on the local stability in the canonical ensemble by considering these fields with respect to the heat capacity. We then investigate the global stability area of the BTZ black holes with phantom and Maxwell fields within the grand canonical ensemble using Gibbs free energy. In this analysis, we evaluate the influence of the electrical charge and the cosmological constant on this area.
Application of 3D Motion Graphic Design Technology of Object Simulation Human Body in Sports Teaching
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Yang , Liu Shaohua
Published: October 2024

In the current era, the rapid development of computer technology has brought unprecedented opportunities for innovation in physical education teaching. The introduction of computer technology not only improves the efficiency of physical education teaching but also provides more accurate and scientific means for sports training. In response to this trend, this paper proposes an innovative human body model design method and explores in detail the key implementation techniques of computer simulation of 3D motion maps, aiming to further optimize and improve the quality of physical education teaching. The design of human body models plays a crucial role in physical education teaching and training, as it can help students and teachers better understand the mechanisms and principles of human movement. By introducing computer technology, this paper can construct a more precise, dynamic, and realistic human body model that conforms to the actual motion situation. This model can simulate various movement states of the human body, providing students with an intuitive and vivid learning experience. In the classroom, teachers can use projection or virtual reality devices to display 3D motion models, allowing students to intuitively see the details and changes of motion movements, deepening their understanding of the essentials of the movements. Teachers can demonstrate different movements in real time by operating models, and explain the technical points and precautions of each movement. Students can observe the motion trajectory and posture changes of the model from multiple perspectives to improve learning efficiency. The system generates personalized feedback reports based on students’ movement data, pointing out the problems and improvement directions that students have during the exercise process. Teachers can provide more accurate guidance to students based on these feedbacks, helping them correct incorrect movements and improve their skill levels.
On the escaping properties of a multiwell potential
Authors: Alrebdi H. I. , Alsaif Norah A. M. , Navarro Juan F. , Zotos Euaggelos E.
Published: October 2024

Our main objective is to explore the shape and geometry of the limiting curves of the structures that define the escape properties of a particle from a lobular domain in a multiwell potential. For this purpose, we examine the lower umbilical catastrophe [Formula: see text], for [Formula: see text], by calculating the Lyapunov orbit at the entrance of the lobular region as well as the set of incoming asymptotic trajectories to it and the set of successive intersections of this set with a proper surface of section.
THE WHY AND WHAT OF AI DEPLOYMENT AND INNOVATION IN COMPANIES — RESULTS AND LEARNINGS FROM A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE RESEARCH ENLIGHTENED BY THE CAPABILITY THEORY
Authors: RUOTSALAINEN SEPPO , HOKKANEN PÄIVI , PORRAS JARI , KUIVALAINEN OLLI
Published: October 2024

Despite soaring interest in Artificial Intelligence (AI), only one-tenth of companies have reported tangible business results. We conducted a Systematic Literature Research on peer-reviewed reports to establish an updated status and baseline of AI deployment for research and companies. We analysed selected peer-reviewed articles for deployment objectives, approaches, results, and learnings. This research confirms that AI is still at the early stages of deployment and innovation in companies. Deploying AI successfully represents a management — rather than a technology — challenge. It requires more cognisance, innovation, learning, and effort than generally thought. Through the results and a novel conceptual framework, this research increases the knowledge and emphasises the importance of the pre-deployment from theoretical and practical viewpoints. The Sensing stage of the Dynamic Capability theory aligns well with the developed pre-deployment concept. We propose several research topics to increase the knowledge and theoretical understanding of deploying AI cognisably for business and stakeholder benefits.
Assessment of Physical Processes for Describing Mechanism of Occurrence and Measurement of Consciousness
Authors: Johnstone Charles , Alegaonkar Prashant S.
Published: October 2024

Currently, there is a growing number of proposed physical processes for describing the mechanism underlying the occurrence and measurement of consciousness. These bodies of knowledge have created multitudes of viewpoints about consciousness. It is also still unclear how they are related or whether they can be empirically distinguished. This study presents an assessment of physical processes for describing the occurrence and measurement of consciousness based on (1) the von Neumann–Wigner approach, (2) orchestrated objective reduction, (3) integrated information, (4) consciousness as a state of matter, and (5) electromagnetic field. The study underscores the significance, similarity, and weakness of these approaches. All approaches except the von Neumann–Wigner approach agree on the fact that the brain is the central region responsible for generating and detecting consciousness but with distinct explanations. Further, both surveyed approaches are still far from experimental verification. Further studies are needed on designing experimental verification and proposing new approaches.
Where and when the Palaeo-Asian Ocean was closed: new evidence from the Tuquan ophiolite
Authors: Han Jie , Zhou Jian-Bo , Xiao Wen-jiao
Published: October 2024

The Solonker Suture marks the location of the final collision in the southeastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt, but is obscured at the western margin of the Songliao Basin. The recently discovered Tuquan ophiolite is an important fragment within the Solonker Suture. The analysis of samples from the Tuquan ophiolite using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry zircon U–Pb dating gave chronological data with weighted mean
206
Pb/
238
U ages from 279 ± 6 to 265 ± 5 Ma, which we interpret to represent the formation age of the Tuquan ophiolite from the late Cisuralian to Guadalupian. The geochemistry of the Tuquan ophiolite shows the characteristics of a supra-subduction zone. We suggest that it represents an important bidirectional subduction event involving the oceanic crust of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean beneath the Mongolia Block and the North China Craton during the early to late Permian. Integrating these findings with previous research indicates that the final subduction of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean persisted until at least the late Permian. Our study provides further insights indicating that the Tuquan ophiolite could be regarded as the eastern extension of the Solonker Suture, providing new constraints on the evolution of the southeastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt.
Parental magma and mantle source compositions of chromitites in the Mesoarchean Nuggihalli greenstone belt, India: evidence for Archean subduction zone magmatism
Authors: Ma Haitao , Dilek Yildirim , Lian Dongyang , Cai Pengjie , Jayananda M. , Aadhiseshan K.R. , Yang Jingsui
Published: October 2024

We present comprehensive petrological and geochemical analyses of chromitites from the 3.3–3.1 Ga Nuggihalli greenstone belt in the western Dharwar craton, India. Our findings provide insights into the primary magma and mantle source compositions associated with these Archean oceanic lithosphere chromitites. Major and trace element data from chromites and clinopyroxenes in the chromitites, combined with thermobarometry and hygrometry calculations and numerical modelling, indicate that the Nuggihalli chromitites are characterized by high-Cr chromites (Cr# = 68.1–78.6) with low TiO
2
(0.19–0.29 wt%), Al
2
O
3
(9.10–13.13 wt%) and Ga (4.24–10.37 ppm). These chemical signatures are comparable with those of chromites from high-Cr podiform chromitites and boninites. The clinopyroxenes are mainly augites with high Mg# (93–95). Melts equilibrated with the clinopyroxenes from the Nuggihalli chromitites have high Mg# values (79–86), similar to ancient komatiitic or picritic magmas (Mg# 75–90). Thermobarometry and hygrometry calculations indicate that the clinopyroxenes likely formed at temperatures of 1194–1221°C and pressures of 0.7–5.8 kbar with high water contents (
c.
2.4–2.6 wt%), exceeding the water contents of both mid-ocean ridge and ocean island basalts. Numerical modelling of the rare earth elements indicates moderate degrees of partial melting (1 to
c.
10%) of a hydrated spinel lherzolite mantle source (water content
c.
478–5408 ppm). The parental magmas of the 3.3–3.1 Ga Nuggihalli chromitites are characterized by an enrichment in water (
c.
2.4–2.6 wt%) and depletion in the high field strength elements (e.g. Nb and Hf), which are similar to those in boninites and arc magmas. Furthermore, the rock associations in the Nuggihalli greenstone belt, including ultramafic rocks with chromitites, high-Mg basalts and sheets of gabbro–anorthosites, are similar to the rock assemblages of ophiolites and could therefore represent relicts of a Mesoarchean oceanic lithosphere formed in a forearc setting.
Historical Friction: Pacing Ourselves in HCI
Authors: Thomas Michaelanne , Ribes David , Grover Andrea , Marathe Megh , Riggs Alexandra Teixeira , Peer Firaz , Upadhyay Pooja
Published: October 2024

This forum focuses on the conditions and futures of the labor underpinning technology production and maintenance. We welcome standalone articles as well as interviews and conversations about all tech labor within the global supply chain of digital technologies. ---
Seyram Avle and Sarah Fox, Editors
PARADISE: Criticality-Aware Instruction Reordering for Power Attack Resistance
Authors: Chen Yun , Hajiabadi Ali , Poussier Romain , Tavva Yaswanth , Diavastos Andreas , Bhasin Shivam , Carlson Trevor E.
Published: October 2024

Power side-channel attacks exploit the correlation of power consumption with the instructions and data being processed to extract secrets from a device (e.g., cryptographic keys). Prior work primarily focused on protecting small embedded micro-controllers and in-order processors rather than high-performance, out-of-order desktop and server CPUs. In this paper, we present
Paradise
, a general-purpose out-of-order processor with always-on protection, that implements a novel dynamic instruction scheduler to provide obfuscated execution and mitigate power analysis attacks. To achieve this, we exploit the time between operand availability of critical instructions (
slack
) and create high-performance random schedules.

Further, we highlight the dangers of using incorrect adversarial assumptions, which can often lead to a false sense of security. Therefore, we perform an extended security analysis on AES-128 using different levels of adversaries, from basic to advanced, including a CNN-based attack. Our advanced security evaluation assumes a strong adversary with full knowledge of the countermeasure and demonstrates a significant security improvement of 556 × when combined with Boolean Masking over a baseline only protected by masking, and 62, 500 × over an unprotected baseline. The resulting overhead in performance, power and area of
Paradise
is

\(3.2\% \)

,

\(1.2\% \)

and

\(0.8\% \)

respectively.
Conflict Management in Vector Register Files
Authors: Razilov Viktor , Gecin Ipek , Matúš Emil , Fettweis Gerhard
Published: October 2024

The instruction set architecture (ISA) of vector processors operates on vectors stored in the vector register file (VRF) which needs to handle several concurrent accesses by functional units (FUs) with multiple ports. When the vector processor is running with high utilization, access conflicts become a major source of performance degradation. With a software model of a vector processor, we take a deep dive into the runtime impact of conflicts, their characteristics, and on ways to manage them, i.e., avoidance, resolution, and mitigation. For conflict avoidance, we study the existing approaches of banking with different static bank layouts and propose a dynamic bank layout to overcome their shortcomings. Our approach assigns newly written registers a temporarily unique starting bank. For conflict resolution, we compare different arbitration algorithms and optimize round-robin arbitration for mixed-width arithmetics by prioritizing wide operands. For conflict mitigation, operand queues (OPQs) of varying depths are studied. Our inventions are likely to increase the area efficiency of vector processors. Either, because they allow to use shallower operand queues (OPQs) while keeping the same performance, or reduce the area even further by using less banks, albeit at a performance impairment of 10 % or less. The insights of the study can further be applied to other shared-memory systems.
Exercise training ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis and anxiety-like behaviors
Authors: Tomiga Yuki , Tanaka Kenichi , Kusuyama Joji , Takano Akiko , Higaki Yasuki , Anzai Keizo , Takahashi Hirokazu
Published: October 2024

This study explores how exercise affects liver fibrosis-related anxiety in mice. Researchers found that regular exercise reversed carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis and reduced anxiety, even in mice with liver fibrosis. Exercise increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and decreased neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that exercise has therapeutic potential for treating anxiety associated with chronic liver disease by modulating specific brain factors.
Nasal continuous positive airway pressure inhibits gastroesophageal refluxes in the preterm lamb
Authors: Elsedawi Basma F. , Samson Nathalie , Taillandier-Pensarini Sarah-Gabrielle , Charette Arianne , Laferté Stéphanie , Nica Alexandra , Fortin-Pellerin Étienne , Djeddi Djamal , Praud Jean-Paul
Published: October 2024

Nasal CPAP inhibited gastroesophageal refluxes in preterm lambs, despite increasing air-containing swallows. High-flow nasal cannula did not impact GERs. Nasal respiratory support did not alter the rare cardiorespiratory events observed during GERs.
Nanoparticles to target asthma
Authors: Hamrick Samantha K. , Thompson Michael A. , Rotello Vincent M. , Prakash Y. S. , Pabelick Christina M.
Published: October 2024

Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic lung disease that affects nearly 340 million people globally. Airway hyperresponsiveness, remodeling (thickening and fibrosis), and mucus hypersecretion are some hallmarks of asthma. With several current treatments having serious side effects from long-term use and a proportion of patients with uncontrolled asthma, there is an urgent need for new therapies. With an increasing understanding of asthma pathophysiology, there is a recognized need to target therapies to specific cell types of the airway, which necessitates the identification of delivery systems that can overcome increased mucus and thickened airways. Nanoparticles (NPs) that are highly customizable (material, size, charge, and surface modification) are a potential solution for delivery systems of a wide variety of cargoes (nucleic acids, proteins, and/or small molecules), as well as sole therapeutics for asthma. However, there is a need to consider the safety of the NPs in terms of potential for inflammation, toxicity, nonspecific targets, and accumulation in organs. Ongoing clinical trials using NPs, some FDA-approved for therapeutics in other diseases, provide confidence regarding the potential safety and efficacy of NPs in asthma treatment. This review highlights the current state of the use of NPs in asthma, identifying opportunities for further improvements in NP design and utilization for targeting this chronic lung disease.
Effects of patient pleural effusion fluids on the BBSome components expression of human benign mesothelial cells
Authors: Jagirdar Rajesh M. , Rouka Erasmia , Pitaraki Eleanna , Sarrigeorgiou Ioannis , Kotsiou Ourania S. , Sinis Sotiris I. , Papazoglou Eleftherios D. , Marnas Periklis , Malami Zoi , Lymberi Peggy , Giannou Anastasios D. , Hatzoglou Chrissi , Gourgoulianis Konstantinos I. , Zarogiannis Sotirios G.
Published: October 2024

Studying mesothelial PC in pleural physiology and pathophysiology is at an early stage. Previously, we have highlighted the role of the PC in mesothelial cell phenotypes as well as the role of BBSome components in the context of benign and malignant mesothelial cell physiology. Here we extended our contributions by providing evidence on the BBSome changes induced in benign mesothelial cells by their exposure to different etiology PFs.
mTORC1 and 2 Adrenergic Regulation and Function in Brown Adipose Tissue
Authors: Festuccia William T.
Published: October 2024

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis results from the uncoupling of mitochondrial inner membrane proton gradient mediated by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1), which is activated by lipolysis-derived fatty acids. Norepinephrine (NE) secreted by sympathetic innervation not only activates BAT lipolysis and UCP-1 but, uniquely in brown adipocytes, promotes “futile” metabolic cycles and enhances BAT thermogenic capacity by increasing UCP-1 content, mitochondrial biogenesis, and brown adipocyte hyperplasia. NE exerts these actions by triggering signaling in the canonical G protein-coupled β-adrenergic receptors, cAMP, and protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, which in brown adipocytes is under a complex and intricate cross talk with important growth-promoting signaling pathways such as those of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes 1 (mTORC1) and 2 (mTORC2). This article reviews evidence suggesting that mTOR complexes are modulated by and participate in the thermogenic, metabolic, and growth-promoting effects elicited by NE in BAT and discusses current gaps and future directions in this field of research.
Reconstruction of the Motion of Traffic Accident Vehicle in the Vehicle‐Mounted Video Based on Direct Linear Transform
Authors: Feng Hao , Chen Feng , Heng Weiwei
Published: October 2024

Based on the principle of direct linear transformation (DLT) in close‐range photogrammetry, a method was proposed for reconstructing the motion states of the host vehicle and other vehicles based on vehicle‐mounted videos. To verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the method, validation experiments were designed. Under two typical operating states, steering and straight driving, the motion states of the host vehicle and other vehicles (including trajectory, distance, speed, and acceleration) were reconstructed from the vehicle‐mounted video. In the experiments, high‐precision inertial navigation was installed on the other vehicle to record real‐time motion data of the vehicle. Finally, in order to compare and analyze the reconstructed video results with the vehicle’s actual motion data, the recorded motion data were matched and synchronized to the same time axis as the vehicle‐mounted videos through a GPS timing device. The experimental result shows that the reconstructed trajectory results based on this method can generally reflect the vehicle’s actual trajectory, with an average deviation of less than 7.4%; the reconstructed distance results have an average deviation of less than 9.3%; the reconstructed speed results have an average deviation of less than 7.3%; the reconstructed acceleration results can reflect the vehicle’s acceleration or deceleration states. The results of this study provide an effective solution for obtaining important parameters of vehicles in accident reconstruction research, such as the trajectory, speed, distance, and acceleration or deceleration, and it has significant practical value for applications.
Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Entamoeba histolytica Have an Immunomodulatory Effect on THP‐1 Macrophages
Authors: Chowdhury Debabrata , Sharma Manu , Jahng James W. S. , Singh Upinder
Published: October 2024

Recent studies have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by various parasites are capable of modulating the host’s innate immune responses, such as by altering macrophage (Mϕ) phenotypes and functions. Studies have shown that Mϕ promote early host responses to amoebic infection by releasing proinflammatory cytokines that are crucial to combating amoebiasis. Here, we are reporting for the first time the effect of EVs released by Entamoeba histolytica (EhEVs) on human THP‐1 differentiated Mϕ (THP‐1 Mϕ). We show that the EhEVs are internalized by THP‐1 Mϕ which leads to differential regulation of various cytokines associated with both M1 and M2 Mϕ. We also saw that EhEV treatment thwarted Type 2 immune‐response‐related transcriptome pSTAT6 in the THP‐1 Mϕ. Furthermore, EhEVs stimulated Mϕ to reduce their energy demand by suppressing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Hence, the human parasite E. histolytica–derived EVs are capable of eliciting an immune response from Mϕ that may contribute to overall infection status.
Physical Health and Socioeconomic Status in Ambulatory Adults With Bilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Eken Maaike M. , Langerak Nelleke G. , du Toit Jacques , Saywood Melanie , Lamberts Robert P.
Published: October 2024

Socioeconomic status (SES) tends to influence an individual’s access to health care. It is commonly assumed that a poorer SES is associated with a weaker physical health status, especially in disadvantaged populations such as people with cerebral palsy (CP). However, to our knowledge, no study has looked at this assumption. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe and compare the physical health status of ambulant adults with bilateral CP with different SES backgrounds. In addition, the physical health status of the ambulatory adults with CP was compared to well‐matched, typically developing adults. Twenty‐eight ambulatory adults with CP (gross motor functional classification system Level I/II/III: n = 11/12/5; SES low/middle/high: n = 10/9/9), and 28 matched typically developing adults were recruited for this study. No differences were observed between adults with CP from different SES backgrounds. Differences in physical health status between typically developing adults and ambulatory adults with CP in all SES backgrounds were found in passive range of motion (p < 0.05), muscle strength (p < 0.001), selectivity (p < 0.001), and muscle tone (p < 0.001) and balance (p < 0.05). The main finding of this study is that physical health status did not differ between ambulatory adults with CP from different SES backgrounds. This finding shows that SES does not always directly impact physical health status in ambulatory adults with CP and highlights the importance of an individual approach. Future research should determine the impact of SES on nonambulatory adults with CP.
Table S4 from Phase 1 Trial of ALRN-6924, a Dual Inhibitor of MDMX and MDM2, in Patients with Solid Tumors and Lymphomas Bearing Wild-type TP53
Authors: Saleh Mansoor N. , Patel Manish R. , Bauer Todd M. , Goel Sanjay , Falchook Gerald S. , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Chung Ki Y. , Infante Jeffrey R. , Conry Robert M. , Rabinowits Guilherme , Hong David S. , Wang Judy S. , Steidl Ulrich , Naik Gurudatta , Guerlavais Vincent , Vukovic Vojislav , Annis D. Allen , Aivado Manuel , Meric-Bernstam Funda
Published: October 2024

Table S4 shows Hematological Toxicities in MDM2 Inhibitor Phase 1 All-comers Trials
Table S1 from Phase 1 Trial of ALRN-6924, a Dual Inhibitor of MDMX and MDM2, in Patients with Solid Tumors and Lymphomas Bearing Wild-type TP53
Authors: Saleh Mansoor N. , Patel Manish R. , Bauer Todd M. , Goel Sanjay , Falchook Gerald S. , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Chung Ki Y. , Infante Jeffrey R. , Conry Robert M. , Rabinowits Guilherme , Hong David S. , Wang Judy S. , Steidl Ulrich , Naik Gurudatta , Guerlavais Vincent , Vukovic Vojislav , Annis D. Allen , Aivado Manuel , Meric-Bernstam Funda
Published: October 2024

Table S1 shows QuantStudio 7 Flex Real-Time PCR System Conditions
Supplementary Figure SF2 from Targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Pathway in Chemotherapy-Resistant Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Phase II Study
Authors: Yam Clinton , Patel Miral , Hill Holly A. , Sun Ryan , Bassett Roland L. , Kong Elisabeth , Damodaran Senthil , Koenig Kimberly B. , Abouharb Sausan , Saleem Sadia , Bisen Ajit K. , Murthy Rashmi K. , Ramirez David L. , Rauch Gaiane M. , Adrada Beatriz E. , Candelaria Rosalind P. , Wang Xiaoping , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Thompson Alastair M. , White Jason B. , Ravenberg Elizabeth E. , Clayborn Alyson R. , Ding Qing-Qing , Booser Daniel J. , Oke Oluchi , Brewster Abenaa M. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Ibrahim Nuhad K. , Litton Jennifer K. , Valero Vicente , Arun Banu K. , Tripathy Debu , Chang Jeffrey T. , Chen Ken , Korkut Anil , Moulder Stacy L. , Huo Lei , Lim Bora , Ueno Naoto T.
Published: October 2024

SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURE SF2. Somatic mutations in genes commonly altered in TNBC. Oncoplot showing somatic mutations reported as commonly prevalent in other TNBC cohorts.
SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE ST3 from Targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Pathway in Chemotherapy-Resistant Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Phase II Study
Authors: Yam Clinton , Patel Miral , Hill Holly A. , Sun Ryan , Bassett Roland L. , Kong Elisabeth , Damodaran Senthil , Koenig Kimberly B. , Abouharb Sausan , Saleem Sadia , Bisen Ajit K. , Murthy Rashmi K. , Ramirez David L. , Rauch Gaiane M. , Adrada Beatriz E. , Candelaria Rosalind P. , Wang Xiaoping , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Thompson Alastair M. , White Jason B. , Ravenberg Elizabeth E. , Clayborn Alyson R. , Ding Qing-Qing , Booser Daniel J. , Oke Oluchi , Brewster Abenaa M. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Ibrahim Nuhad K. , Litton Jennifer K. , Valero Vicente , Arun Banu K. , Tripathy Debu , Chang Jeffrey T. , Chen Ken , Korkut Anil , Moulder Stacy L. , Huo Lei , Lim Bora , Ueno Naoto T.
Published: October 2024

Representativeness of Study Participants.
Purpura Fulminans from Capnocytophaga canimorsus in an Immunocompromised Host
Authors: Varadarajan Indumathy , Pham Natalie , Ballen Karen
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Purpura fulminans is a rare but fatal manifestation of Capnocytophaga canimorsus bacteremia that can present in immunocompromised hosts. This can have a profound impact on patients, including recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Despite aggressive therapy, mortality can be as high as 60% and most patients require amputation of multiple extremities. Case Presentation: We present a 31-year-old woman s/p myeloablative allogeneic transplant, presenting with purpura fulminans and septic shock. She had been on Immunosuppressive therapy with rituximab and tacrolimus. Despite aggressive antibiotic coverage and supportive therapy, although her shock was resuscitated, she had to undergo bilateral below-knee amputations. Discussion: We attempt to highlight the clinical presentation, pathophysiology and potential therapeutic options for immunocompromised patients presenting with septic shock from C. canimorsus. The importance of pre-transplant counselling on handling and adoption of new pets to prevent zoonotic infections is also discussed. Early recognition and initiation of antibiotics play a crucial role to reduce mortality in patients receiving HSCT.
Long-Term Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Compared to Relatives with SARS-CoV-2 Infection without Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients without SARS-CoV-2: Results of a Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Bierbaum Benedikt , von Arnim Ulrike , Schmelz Renate , Rosania Rosa , Walldorf Jens , Bierbaum Michael , Geißler Sven , Hänßchen Markus , Stallmach Andreas , Reuken Philipp , Teich Niels
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Long-term sequelae following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection appear to be common in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Methods: We examined the frequency and characteristics of post-COVID-symptoms in patients with IBD (IBD-COVID), comparing them to two control cohorts: infected household members of the IBD-COVID patients without IBD (CONT-COVID) and IBD patients without SARS-COV-2 infection (IBD-no-COVID). A questionnaire for the retrospective documentation of possible post-COVID-19 symptoms was distributed to patients and controls from eight referral centers. Results: The 319 IBD-COVID, 108 CONT-COVID, and the 221 IBD-no-COVID patients were similar in terms of sex, age, and comorbidities. The occurrence and duration of fatigue in the IBD-COVID cohort correlated with IBD activity. Other complaints such as reduced cognitive performance (p < 0.05) and sleeping disorders (p < 0.05) were even more common in IBD-COVID patients. Persistent hematochezia (p < 0.001), abdominal pain (p < 0.005), diarrhea (p < 0.0001), and anal problems (p < 0.01) were more often in the IBD-COVID patients than in the CONT-COVID cohort. Furthermore, typical IBD-associated symptoms persist for a longer period after an infection. Frequency of post-COVID complaints is higher in IBD patients compared to controls. After infection, the number of outpatient consultations increased in IBD-COVID patients (7.8% vs. 10.9%, p = 0.008). Conclusion: Fatigue, cognitive impairment, and sleep disturbances are more prevalent among IBD-COVID than CONT-COVID patients. Furthermore, typical IBD-associated symptoms persist for a longer period after an infection. Frequency of post-COVID complaints is higher in IBD patients compared to controls. Tight control of IBD activity could be a suitable tool to avoid post-COVID problems.
An Unexpected Response of Orbital Retinoblastoma to Inconsistent Systemic Chemotherapy Alone
Authors: Alhasseny Khitam F. , Mahmud Haseeb , Al-Samarraie Mohannad
Published: October 2024

Introduction: A 16-month-old girl presented with bilateral germline retinoblastoma, with advanced retinoblastoma in the right eye and severe orbital retinoblastoma in the left eye. Patients typically receive treatment with the multimodal protocol consisting of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy, which has improved survival. Case Presentation: Our patient elected for medical management with systemic chemotherapy instead of enucleation or exenteration. She received three blocks systemic chemotherapy consisting of vincristine sulfate, etoposide phosphate, and carboplatin, with irregular intervals between blocks over 3 years, due to poor compliance. Following chemotherapy, she had tumor regression in both eyes and no signs of active disease 13 years later. Conclusion: This case represents an interesting favorable outcome of orbital retinoblastoma management with systemic chemotherapy alone despite inconsistency versus conventional multimodal protocol.
Unlocking Nitrofurantoin: Understanding Molecular Mechanisms of Action and Resistance in Enterobacterales
Authors: Khamari Balaram , Bulagonda Eswarappa Pradeep
Published: October 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health crisis that has already claimed millions of lives and is projected to affect millions more unless urgent action is taken. Effective control of AMR requires the correct choice and dosage of antibiotics, as well as robust surveillance and research. Understanding the mechanisms of antibiotic action and the emergence of resistance phenotypes along with their genotypes is essential. This knowledge, combined with insights into resistance prevalence and spread, empowers clinicians to propose alternative therapies. Nitrofurantoin, a 70-year-old antibiotic, remains effective for the treatment of uncomplicated lower UTIs. Preventing emergence and spread of nitrofurantoin-resistant superbugs would preserve the efficacy of this antibiotic which is crucial for ongoing and future AMR efforts. Nitrofurantoin resistance evolves slowly, leading to low prevalence compared to other antibiotics. However, it is often linked with extensive drug resistance, complicating treatment outcomes. Even a minor percentage of nitrofurantoin-resistant bacteria can cause significant clinical challenges due to irreversible evolution. While detailed study of these mechanisms can guide the development of strategies to combat nitrofurantoin resistance, early detection of resistant infections is critical for saving lives. The current review aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of nitrofurantoin’s mechanisms of action, resistance evolution, prevalence, and resistance prediction. Our goal is to offer valuable insights for researchers and clinicians to enhance nitrofurantoin use and address the challenges posed by AMR.
Evaluating Long‐Term Outcomes of Children Undergoing Surgical Treatment for Congenital Heart Disease for National Audit in England and Wales
Authors: Brown Kate L. , Huang Qi , Espuny‐Pujol Ferran , Taylor Julie A. , Wray Jo , van Doorn Carin , Stoica Serban , Pagel Christina , Franklin Rodney C. G. , Crowe Sonya
Published: October 2024

Background

There is strong interest in the evaluation of longer‐term outcome metrics for congenital heart diseases (CHDs); however, registries focus on postoperative metrics.

Methods and Results

Informed by user online discussion forums and scoping of national data, we selected sentinel CHDs and long‐term outcome metrics suitable for routine monitoring. We then developed sentinel CHD phenotypes and algorithms for identifying treatment pathway procedures using clinical codes. Finally, we calculated the metrics within a retrospective national cohort analysis. The 9 selected sentinel CHDs had a higher‐than‐average prevalence, typically involved surgery in infancy, and were associated with an increased risk of late mortality. The selected metrics of survival and reinterventions at 1, 5, and 10 years were both important and feasible. The cohort included 29 319 (41.3% of all operated CHD births) English and Welsh children born with sentinel CHDs in 2000 to 2022. Example metrics at age 10 years included: survival—hypoplastic left heart syndrome: 57.6% (95% CI, 54.9%–60.4%), functionally univentricular heart: 86.7% (95% CI, 84.6%–88.9%), transposition of the great arteries: 93.1% (95% CI, 92.2%–93.9%), pulmonary atresia: 81.0% (95% CI, 79.1%–82.9%), atrioventricular septal defect: 88.5% (95% CI, 87.5%–89.5%), tetralogy of Fallot: 95.1% (95% CI, 94.4%–95.8%), aortic stenosis: 94.4% (95% CI, 93.3%–95.6%), coarctation: 96.7% (95% CI, 96.2%–97.3%), and ventricular septal defect: 96.9% 95% CI, (96.4%–97.3%); and (2) cumulative incidence of reintervention—hypoplastic left heart syndrome : 54.5% (95% CI, 51.5%–57.3%), functionally univentricular heart: 57.3% (95% CI, 53.9%–60.5%), transposition of the great arteries: 20.9% (95% CI, 19.5%–22.3%), pulmonary atresia: 66.8% (95% CI, 64.2%–69.1%), atrioventricular septal defect: 21.6% (20.3%–23.0%), tetralogy of Fallot: 26.6% (95% CI, 25.2%–28.0%), aortic stenosis: 31.2% (95% CI, 28.8%–33.6%), coarctation: 19.8% (95% CI, 18.6%–21.1%), and ventricular septal defect: 6.1% (95% CI, 5.5%–6.8%).

Conclusions

It is feasible to report important long‐term outcomes of survival and reintervention for sentinel CHDs using routinely collected procedure records, adding value to national audit.
Pair formation in Enchenopa treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae) involves complex male–female duetting, and three stages of female mate choice
Authors: Little Drew W. , Cirino Lauren A. , Rodríguez Rafael L.
Published: October 2024

We explore the complexity of the signal repertoire and sequences of behavioural interactions involved in pair formation in Enchenopa binotata treehoppers, which communicate via plant-borne vibrational signals, and whose pair formation involves prolonged male-female duetting interactions. We recorded these interactions using laser vibrometry and video assays. In males, we report two phases of signalling: a searching phase in which males use a basic repertoire to solicit engagement from females; and a more complex phase incorporating additional signal types and elements males used once engaged by females. In females, we report a novel three-stage process of selective cooperation with males, as well as a novel signal type that was necessary but not sufficient for copulation to occur. These three stages include active duetting with a male that was necessary for him to locate and mount females; the novel signal that females produce after continued mounted duetting that prompts the male to attempt genital coupling; and the female actively allowing coupling. We discuss implications of our observations for these insects’ cognitive abilities in terms of the memory and selective attention required to sustain signalling interactions and proceed along the decision-making stages of mate choice. Using attention to detail as an aid to discovery, we aim to promote research on how such animals express such capabilities.
The carrot cyst nematode Heterodera carotae: a major plant-parasitic nematode requiring more investigation
Authors: Montarry Josselin , Biget Marine , Chereau Sylvain , Lebreton Lionel , Grenier Eric , Fournet Sylvain
Published: October 2024

The present study reviews the knowledge to date on the carrot cyst nematode Heterodera carotae, which has become the primary threat to the carrot sector following the withdrawal of the last chemical soil fumigants in Europe. A keyword co-occurrence network was used to structure this review into five research areas: i) biology and epidemiology of H. carotae; ii) molecular identification and phylogeny; iii) population genetics and genomics; iv) control methods and strategies; and v) root exudates and hatching stimulation. Our findings indicate that H. carotae is an under-studied plant-parasitic nematode species, with several identified alternative control methods that require further investigation.
Lessons from a participatory community cricket breeding project in Vientiane Province, Lao PDR
Authors: Haenssgen M.J. , Deharo E. , Palamy S. , Charlet M. , Lovera P. , Locatelli S.
Published: October 2024

Edible insect production is a key tool for sustainable development and global food security, but its social dimensions and the organisation of farming operations remain understudied. Crickets are among the most recognised edible insects for farming and offer appealing development opportunities for Lao PDR – a Southeast Asian country whose cricket farming sector has lagged behind neighbouring Thailand and which continues to experience challenging economic and food security conditions. Concerning these sustainable development and research priorities, this paper presents the case study analysis of a service evaluation of Cricket Lao Farm, which implemented a project on the distributed (off-site) production of crickets among local community members. Data collection took place from September to November 2023 and included a survey with 30 participants complemented by qualitative information from discussion groups, home visits, informal conversations, and project documentation. While small-scale farming operations ended within a year due to widespread cricket mortality of unknown cause, community-based cricket farming was in principle profitable and demonstrated strong development potential and local relevance. Furthermore, most of the community-based farmers were motivated and interested in resuming operations in the future. The analysis of this case offers important lessons for further development of the cricket farming sector in Lao PDR, highlighting the challenges of the Western social enterprise model in a development setting, the need to actively manage participation, and to develop an understanding of local community structures before commencing operations. To ensure future success, projects should include robust monitoring and evaluation plans; regular and bidirectional communication between community members and the central farm; co-development of breeding strategies, response plans, and good animal husbandry practices; and community engagement activities involving local schools.
Comparative analysis of the intestinal microbiota diversity in wild and farmed Gryllus bimaculatus
Authors: Chen H.-Y. , Fang B.-Q. , Wang C.-Y. , Zhao M. , Zhang Y.
Published: October 2024

This study aims to investigate the structure and diversity of the intestinal microbiome of Gryllus bimaculatus from wild and farmed environments. Additionally, we sought to identify the core microbes to get information on the microbial diversity of the gut microbiome to the farm condition. We analyzed the microbial community diversity in intestinal samples of both wild and farmed G. bimaculatus using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and ITS rRNA amplicons. Using the PICRUSt2 software, we predicted the functional capabilities of bacterial communities. The analysis indicated significant differences in the diversity of the microbial communities (bacteria) within the gut of crickets under farmed and wild conditions, with notably higher bacterial diversity observed in the gut of farmed crickets compared to those in the wild. The gut bacterial communities exhibited significant similarity across the two conditions, and the variations in diversity are primarily influenced by species with low abundance. Genus-level analysis revealed that the abundance of pathogens, including genera Listeria, Staphylococcus, and Candida, was significantly higher in the gut microbiota of farmed crickets than in the wild ones. By identifying core genera (present in over 80% of the samples), we discovered 19 bacterial genera and 1 fungal genus. The core bacterial genera constituted 60.35% and 87.10% of the cricket’s gut bacterial abundance in farmed and wild environments, respectively. The functional prediction analysis performed using PICRUSt2 identified a significant increase of pathways about “Terpenoids and polyketides metabolism”, and “Infectious disease: bacterial” in the farmed group; as well as a significant decrease in pathways about “Environmental adaptation”, “Development and regeneration”, and the “Nervous system”, compared to the wild group. In conclusion our results showed that the gut microbial community of the G. bimaculatus could be influenced by its environment and diet. However, this influence is primarily manifested in the variation of low-abundance genera, with the gut microbial community remains dominated by a few microbial groups. Therefore, it is speculated that the combination of core and edge species in the gut microbial community of the G. bimaculatus may constitute an effective strategy that not only maintains the core functions of the community but also adapts to environmental changes through the diversity of edge species. The high population density and excessive feeding in the farmed condition could have allowed for the creation of a more diverse gut microbiota for G. bimaculatus, including potential pathogens. Therefore, when breeding G. bimaculatus, the environmental hygiene management should be strengthened to reduce the carrying and transmission of pathogens.
Exploring the potential of cotton leafworm (Spodoptera litura) as a sustainable and efficient alternative protein source in broiler feed
Authors: Sajjad M. , Binyameen M. , Sajjad A. , Majeed S. , Chishti G.A. , Khan E.U. , Mozūraitis R.
Published: October 2024

In recent times, poultry nutritionists have shown increased interest in incorporating insect meal as an alternative source to fulfil the protein needs of poultry, driven by sustainability issues related to conventional protein sources like soybean meal and fish meal. The present study shows the effects of replacing 4, 8 and 12% soybean meal (SBM) with cotton leaf worm (Spodoptera litura) on growth performance, blood haematology, intestinal histomorphology and meat quality of Ross 308 broiler. We also evaluated commercially available black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae for comparison. A total of 350 one-day-old chicks were randomly divided into seven dietary treatments (5 pens/treatment and 10 birds/pen). The results showed that the broiler fed on 12% S. litura or H. illucens had notably () higher live weight, average daily weight gain and better feed conversion ratios. The diets containing 12% S. litura or H. illucens significantly () improved broiler blood haematology (haemoglobin, red blood cells, haematocrits, mean corpuscular volume, lymphocytes, heterophils, platelets and total leucocytes as well as serum bio-chemistry traits i.e. total protein and globulin) and gut histology (villus height (Vh), crypt depth (Cd), villus width (Vw), and Vh/Cd ratios). The broiler fed on a 12% S. litura or H. illucens diet indicated a higher L* (lightness) and b* (yellowness). It was concluded that replacing soybean meal up to 12% with either S. litura or H. illucens improves the growth performance, blood haematology, gut histomorphology, and meat quality traits of broiler and thus can be used as an alternate source of protein in broiler feed.