bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DER EINFLUSS DES BIG BOOK MEDIUMS AUF DIE SPRECHFERTIGKEIT DER SCHÜLER AN DER SMA N 1 KOTARIH IM JAHRGANG 2016/2017
Authors: Manik Suryati , Perdamean Ahmad Sahat , Siahaan Jujur
Published: May 2019

Sprechfertigkeit der Schüler an der SMA N 1 Kotarih im Jahrgang 2016/2017 zu ermitteln. Die Untersuchung wird in der SMA N 1 Kotarih durchgeführt. In dieser Untersuchung wird  die Experimentmethode angewendet. Das verwendete Lernmedium der Untersuchung ist Big Book. Die Probanden dieser Untersuchung sind die Schüler in der Klasse X SMA N 1 Kotarih. Es ist die Klasse X-1 als  Experimentklasse, die aus Schüler besteht und durch Big Book Medium unterrichtet wird, und Klasse X-3als Kontrollklasse, welche aus 34 Schüler besteht und mit der konventionellen Methode unterrichtet wird. Die Datenverarbeitung zeigt, dass der Durchschnittswert  von dem Vorwissenstest für die Experimentklasse ist 51,47, mit den höchsten Noten 75 und der niedrigsten Note 25 und die Standardabweichung ist 18,403 und der Durchschnittswert des Endwissenstests ist 63,23 mit der höchsten Note 100 und niedrigsten Note 25, die Standardabweichung 19,69 ist . Der Durchschnittswert des Vorwissenstests für die Kontrollklasse ist 49,26 mit den höchsten Noten 75 und der niedrigsten Note 25 und die Standardabweichung ist 17,35. Der Durchschnittswert des Endwissenstests ist 58,82 mit der höchsten Note 100 und niedrigsten Note 25 und die Standardabweichung ist 21,21. Basierend auf dem Ergebnis der Untersuchung kannfestgestellt werden, dass die Sprechfertigkeit der Schüler in der Experimentklasse beeinflusst wird.Es kann zusammengefasst werden, dass es einen signifikanten Einfluss des Big Book Mediums auf der Sprechfertigkeit der Schüler (Ha) wird akzeptiert, denn ist größer als  (2,02> 1,66).   Schlüsselwörter: Big Book Medium, die Sprechfertigkeit.
EINE ANALYSE DER UMGANGSSPRACHE IM FILM „VICTORIA“ VON SEBASTIAN SCHIPPER
Authors: Husna Ruqayah , Sari Risnovita , Kurniasari Tanti
Published: May 2019

AUSZUGDas Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist es, um die Umgangssprache im Film „Victoria“ von Sebastian Schipper  herauszufinden und die Umgangssprache stellt in dem Film „Victoria“ dar. Die Datenquelle dieser Untersuchung ist die Dialoge im Film „Victoria“ von Sebastian Schipper. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung stellt die Umgangssprache im Film „Victoria“ dar, die durch Theorie von Heinrich Löffler (2005:3) analysiert wird. Das Nutzen dieser Untersuchung ist es, um Informationen über die Bedeutung der Umgangssprache zu liefern und es ist interessante Methode mit einem Film, Deutsch zu lernen. Die Methode dieser Untersuchung wird deskriptive qualitative Methode verwendet. Diese Untersuchung wird in der Bibliothek der Fakultät Sprache und Kunst an der staatlichen Universität Medan durchgeführt.Schlüsselwörter : Umgangssprache und Film
DIE ERSTELLUNG EINES LERNMEDOUMS MIT ADOBE FLASH CS6 FÜR DIE VERBESSERUNG DER AUSSPRACHE
Authors: Sihombing Victor Antonius , Hutagalung Surya Masniari , Kudriyah Siti
Published: May 2019

AUSZUG            Victor Antonius Sihombing, Matrikelnummer, 2133332011, Die Erstellung eines Lernmediums mit Adobe Flash CS6 für die Verbesserung der Aussprache Pädagogischer Titel (S1) Deutschprogramm, Fakultät für Sprache und Kunst, Staatliche Universität von Medan.Das Ziel dieser Untersuchung is es, um Lernmediums mit Adobe Flash CS6 für die Verbesserung der Aussprache zu erstellen. In dieser Untersuchung wird Erstellungmethode angewendet. Der Prozess der Erstellung des Lernmediums mit Adobe Flash CS6 für die Verbesserung der Aussprache besteht aus der Erklärung der Phasen von Theorie Ricky und Klein. Darunter sind : (a) die Planung, (b) die Erstellung und (c) die Evaluation. Das Ergebnis der Erstellung Lermediums mit Adobe Flash CS6 für die Verbesserung der Aussprache sieht so aus. Das erstellte Lernmedium besteht aus 76 Videos. Dieses erstellte Lernmedium kann beim Lernprozess benutzen.Schlüsselwörter : die Erstellung, Lernmedien, Adobe Flash CS6, die Verbesserung der Aussprache
ANALYSE DES LEHRPLANS (RPP) DES “CURRICULUMS 2013” FÜR DEN DEUTSCHUNTERRICHT IN DER KLASSE X SMA NEGERI 11 MEDAN
Authors: Butarburtar Poibe , Hutagalung Surya Masniari , Sari Risnovita
Published: May 2019

AUSZUGDas Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist es, um die Form des Lehrplans in der SMA Negeri 11 Medan zum Curriculum 2013 im Permendikbud Nr.22 Jahr 2016 zu analysieren, Wie benutzt  der Lehrplan  die Prinzipien des Curriculum 2013 und kann die Probleme die Lehrer bei der Anwendung  des Curriculums 2013 zu kennen. In dieser Untersuchung wird die deskriptive qualitative Methode verwendet. Die Datenquelle dieser Untersuchung ist die Lehrpläne von der beiden Deutschlehrern in der SMA Negeri 11 Medan. Die Untersuchung benutzt die Technik von Miles und Hubermann, um die Daten zu verstanden, zu markieren, zu schreiben, zu analysieren und zu verfassen. Von der Analyse Ergebnissen in dem Kapitel IV kann folgendes zusammengefasst werden, dass es 24 Themen in dem Lehrplan von der beiden Deutschlehrern stellt, die durch Theorie von Permendikbud Nr.22 Jahr 2016 analysiert wird. Die Ergenissen von dem Analyse sind im  Permendikbud Nr.22 Jahr 2016, die Hauptkompetenz schreibt nicht in dem Lehrplan, die Anpassen des inhaltskomponentens mit Permendikbud Nr.22 Jahr 2016, die in der Komponenten des Lehrplans noch Fehler enthälten nämlich, die Formulierung der Grundkompetenz beziehet nicht mit Indikator, die Vorgesehene der Zeit passt nicht zu den Syllabus,  Lernziel passt nicht  zu Indikator, und einige die Bewertung passt noch nicht zu den Bewertung im Curriculum 2013 und die Benutzung Operative Verben ist Anpassen nicht mit Operative Verben, aus der Revision des Curriculums 2013. Das Nutzen dieser Untersuchung ist es, um  die Kompetenz von den Lehrern in dem Verfassung der Lehrplan Curriculum 2013  zu steigern und um die Verfasserin kann der Lehrplan im Curriculum 2013 Verfassung. Die Methode dieser Untersuchung wird deskriptive Methode verwendet. Dieser Untersuchung wird in der SMA Negeri 11 Medan durchgeführt.Schlüsswörter: RPP ( Der Lehrplan), Curriculum 2013
DIE ANALYSE DER VERWENDETEN REDEMITTEL IN DER SOCIAL MEDIA ANWENDUNG ,,BIGO LIVE”
Authors: Gustira Randi , Harahap Ahmad Bengar
Published: May 2019

AUSZUGDas Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist es, um der verwendeten Redemittel in der Social Media Anwendung Bigo Live zu beschreiben. In dieser Untersuchung wird die deskriptive Methode angewendet. Die Untersuchung benutzt die Technik, um die Daten zu suchen, zu sammeln, zu schreiben, zu identifieren, zu markieren, zu analysieren und zusammenfassend. Die Daten in dieser Untersuchung sind die verwendeten Redemitteln in Social Media Anwendung ,,Bigo Live” haben. Die Datenquelle der Untersuchung ist die verwendeten Redemitteln in Social Media Anwendung ,,Bigo Live”.. Zusammenfasend kann man sagen, dass in den elf Videos alle Redemittelaspektrenhalten sind, sie aber jeweils unterschiedliche Reaktionen erzeugen. In Allgemeinsam gibt es alle Aspekte bei ,,Bigo Live” um die Informationen zu geben. Auβerdem beschreibt es die Analyse der verwendeten Redemittel, sodass man die Wissen über die verwendeten Redemittel steigern kann.Schlüsswörter: Redemittel, Video, Bigo Live
DIE DIGITALISIERUNG DES WORTSCHATZES ZUM THEMA BERUF IN FORM EINES VIDEOS
Authors: Simangunsong Monika , Kudriyah Siti , Kurniasari Tanti
Published: May 2019

AUSZUGDas Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist es, um den Wortschatz zum Thema ,,Beruf’’ zu erstellen. Die Erstellungsuntersuchung wirdin dieser Untersuchung angewendet. Der Prozess der Digitalisierung des Wortschatzes zum Thema ,,Beruf’’ mit der Software Videopad besteht aus der Erklärung der Phasen von Plomps Theorie. Darunter sind: (1) die Beobachtungsphase, (2) die Designsphase, (3) die Realisierungs-oder Konstruktionsphase und (4) die Revisionsphase.Die Daten und Datenquelle dieser Untersuchung sinddie Wörter zum Thema ,,Beruf” die aus dem Buch ,,Studio D A2”, verschiedenen Deutschwörterbüchern, und anderen Bücher stammen. Das Ergebnis der Digitalisierungdes Wortschatzes zum Thema ,,Beruf’’ ist der Wortschatz des Berufs mit den Bildern, einem Verben und einem Beispielsatz.Die Bewertungder Expertin über die Qualität des Ergebnisses derDigitalisierung des Wortschatzes zum Thema ,,Beruf’’ in Form eines Videos ist sehr gut.Schlüsswörter: Die Digitalisierung, Wortschatz, Beruf, Video.
EINE ANALYSE DER VERLETZUNGEN DES KOOPERATIONSPRINZIP IM FILM ,,TSCHICK (GOODBYE BERLIN)” VON FATIH AKIN
Authors: Tarigan Oktavia , Hutagalung Surya Masniari , Evianty Rina
Published: May 2019

AUSZUGOktaviaTarigan. Matrikelnummer. 213333201, EineAnalyse der Verletzungen des Kooperationsprinzipim Film,,Tschick(Goodbye Berlin)” von Fatih Akin. PädagogischerTitel, Deutschprogramm, FakultätfürSprache und Kunst, Staatliche Universität Medan.Das ZieldieserUntersuchungistes, um die Verletzungen des Kooperationsprinzipim Film ,,Tschick (Goodbye Berlin)” von Fatih Akin zuanalysieren. In dieserUntersuchungwird die deskriptive qualitative Methodeverwendet. Die DatenquelledieserUntersuchungist der Film,,Tschick (Goodbye Berlin)” von Fatih Akin. Die Analysebenutzt die Theorie von Grice. Die Ergebnissezeigen, dassesvierVerletzungen des Kooperationsprinzipgibt, die dieMaximezeigen. Das sind die Maxime der Quantität, die Maxime der Qualität, die Maxime der Relation und die Maxime der Modalität.Basierend auf die Ergebnisse derUntersuchungwirdzusammengefasst, dassessechsundzwanzigVerletzungen des Kooperationsprinzipgibt, nämlichsiebenMaxime der Quantität, neunMaxime der Qualität, sechs Maxime der Relation und vierMaxime der Modalität. Schlüsselwörter: die Verletzungen des Kooperationsprinzip, der Film Tschick (Goodbye Berlin), Fatih Akin.
DIE ERSTELLUNG EINES LERNMEDIUMS FÜR DEUTSCHE GESCHICHTE
Authors: Manullang Windy Br , Tampubolon Laurensius , Sari Risnovita
Published: May 2019

AUSZUG            Das Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist es, um eine Lernmedium mit der Wondershare Filmora Software zum Thema, Der Erste Weltkrieg, der Zweite Weltkrieg, Kalten Krieg und Deutsche Bedigungen” zu erstellen. Die Erstellungsuntersuchung werden in dieser Untersuchung angewendet. Der Prozess der Erstellung des Lernmediums mit der Wondershare Filmora verwendet ADDIE – Model. Die Erstellungsphase besteht aus fünf Phasen. Die Phasen sind (a) Analyse, (b) Design, (c) Entwicklung, (d) Implementation und (e) die Evaluation. In dieser Untersuchung wird ein neues Lernmedium erstellt. Die Daten dieser Untersuchung sind information über ,,Der Erste Weltkrieg, der Zweite Weltkrieg, Kalten Krieg und Deutsche Bedigungen” bei der Deutschen Geschichte. Die Datenquelle dieser Untersuchung kommt aus dem Youtube und aus dem Artikel. Diese Untersuchung wird in der Bibliothek an der Fakultät für Sprachen und Kunst an der Staatlichen Universität von Medan durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse der Erstellung eines Lernmediums mit Wondershare Filmora zum Thema ,,Der Erste Weltkrieg, der Zweite Weltkrieg, Kalten Krieg und Deutsche Bedigungen”, ist es das Video und die Übungen. Nach der Erstellung wurde das Lernmedium bei der Experten validiert oder überpruft, Basierend auf der Validierung ist das Lernmedium gut.Schlüsselwörter : Die Erstellung, Lernmedium, Deutsche Geschichte
DIE ERSTELLUNG VON ONLINE ÜBUNGEN ZUR VERBESSERUNG DES WORTSCHATZES DER DEUTSCHEN SPRACHE
Authors: Harahap Khadijah Rismayanti , Harahap Ahmad Bengar , Evianty Rina
Published: May 2019

AUSZUG              Das Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist, Online Übungen zur Verbesserung des Wortschatzes der deutschen Sprache zu erstellen. In dieser Untersuchung wird die deskriptive qualitative Methode angewendet. Der Prozess der Erstellung von Online Übungen zur Verbesserung des Wortschatzes der deutschen Sprache besteht aus der Erklärung der Phasen von Dick und Carry.Darunter sind : (1) Die Analysephase, (2) Die Designphase, (3) Development oder Entwicklungsphase,   (4) Implementation oder Umsetzungsphase, und (5) Evaluation. Die Daten in dieser Untersuchung sind Fragentests aus Studio d A2.Diese Untersuchung wird in einer Klasse der Deutschabteilung an der staatlichen Universitӓt von Medan durchgeführt. Das Ergebnis der Erstellung von Online Übungen zur Verbesserung des Wortschatzes der deutschen Sprache sind Übungen mit der Hot-Potatoes Applikation, die gibt aus  JQuiz, JCloze,und JMatch bestehen. Jedes Program enhӓlt Fragen und gibt Feedback, das die Studenten motivieren kann. Die Übungen mit der Hot-Potatoes Applikation können die Studenten Vokabeln\[pi765ehren. Hoffentlich kӧnnte diese Abschlussarbeit nützlich sein, um unser Wissen zur Wissenschaft über Lernsoftware, vor allem für Deutschlernende anzureichen.Schlüsselwörter: Online Übungen, Wortschatz, Hot-Potatoes.
DIE ERSTELLUNG EINER ANIMATION ALS LERNMEDIUM FÜR DIE GRAMMATIK IM DEUTSCHUNTERRICHT
Authors: Lestari Vopy Endang , Harahap Ahmad Bengar , MA Hafniati
Published: May 2019

AUSZUGVopyEndang Lestari. Matrikelnummer 2131132025, Die Erstellungeiner AnimationalsLernmediumfür die Grammatik imDeutschunterricht. Pädagogischer Titel (S1), Deutschprogramm, Fakultät für Sprache und Kunst, Staatliche Universität Medan.Das Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist es, um eineAnimationalsLernmediumfür die Grammatik imDeutschunterrichtzu erstellen. Die Erstellungsuntersuchung werden in dieserUntersuchungangewendet. Der Prozess der ErstellungdemLernmediumverwendet Borg und Gall Theorie. Die ErstellungsphasebestehtausfünfPhasen. Die Phasensind (1) die Untersuchung und Sammlung von Information, (2) die Planung, (3) die Erstellung des Pdodukts, (4) die Validierung von Experten, (5) der Revision des Produkts. In dieserUntersuchungwurdeeinneuesLernmediumerstellt.Die Daten  dieser Untersuchung ist die grammatikalischen Regeln zum Akkusativ oder Dativ bei Präpositionen.Die Datenquelle dieser Untersuchung kommtaus dem Buch ˵Grammatik-ABC für Deutsch als Fremdsprachen auf Zertifikatsniveau und Niveaustufen A1, A2, B1, B2” von Franz Eppert. Die Ergebnis der ErstellungeineAnimationalsLernmediumfür die Grammatik imDeutschunterrichtist die Videoanimationfür die PräpositionenimAkkusativ und Dativmit den BärenalsVisuellefigur, denn der Bär ist ein Symbol des Landes von Berlin und ein lustiges Tier. Die Animation wird in Video hargestellt und dauert 05.41 Minuten. Nach der Erstellungwurde die Lernmedienbei der Expertenvalidiertoderüberprüft. Basierend auf der Valiedierungist die Lernmedien gut.Durch die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungwirderwartet, um Kenntnisseüber die Grammatik fürAnfängerinteressanterzuverstehen.Schlüsselwörter:Die Animation, die Grammatik.
ERSTELLUNG EINES ANDROID-BASIERTEN LERNMEDIUMS ZUM THEMA ,,ARBEITSWELTEN”
Authors: Sinaga Etha Maria , Pardamean Ahmad Sahat , Kurniasari Tanti
Published: May 2019

AUSZUGDas Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist, um  Android- basierten Lernmediums zum Thema ,,Arbeitswelten” zu erstellen. In dieser Untersuchung wird die deskriptive qualitative Methode angewendet. Der Prozess der Erstellung eines Android-basierten Lernmediums zum Thema ,,Arbeitswelten” besteht aus Erklärung der Phasen von Richey und Klein. Darunter sind: (1) die Planungphase, (2) die Erstellungphase und  (3) die Evaluationphase. Die Daten in dieser Untersuchung sind Bilder und Wörter aus dem Buch Studio d A2. Diese Untersuchung wird in der Bibliothek an der Fakultät für Sprache und Kunst an der Staatlichen Universität Medan durchgeführt. Das Thema ,,Arbeitswelten” besteht aus Berufsbiografien, demtabellarischen Lebenslauf, der Berufswünsche, der Grammatik ,,weil” und ,,denn”, Nominalisierungen, Hoflichkeit, der Wortschatz des Berufs, und Übungen.  Die Bewertung der Expertin über die Qualität des Ergebnisses der Erstellung eines Android-basierten Lernmediums zum Thema ,,Arbeitswelten” ist sehr gut.Hoffentlich kann dieses Lernmedium nützlich sein, um den Lernprozesszuerleichtern und die Lernendenkönnen Deutsch einfach und viel Spaβ lernen.Schlüsselwörter: die Erstellung, das Lernmedium, Android
Post-War Poverty in the Far East (1946-the Mid-1950s)
Authors: Vlasov Sergey Aleksandrovich ,   Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2019

The problem of post-war poverty in the Far East is analyzed in the context of the 1946-the mid-1950s situation in this region and state archives available. It was caused by not only the effects of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 but also state expenditures on armaments in the Cold War, spending on the repressive system and other government costs. Overcoming poverty was not an urgent priority for the state in the period under review. Poverty was demonstrated by the shortage of food, manufactured goods, housing and its low quality, the government’s inability to provide the population with good medical care in general. The party and the government started to cope with the difficult situation in the mid-1950s when they focused on the development of the social sector and the improvement of the material well-being of workers. Poverty failed to result in a mass phenomenon and became the lot of a number of people that might be regarded as acceptable to society.
The Image of the Ruler in the Works of the 15th-Century Humanist Poggio of Florence
Authors: Pozdnikin Aleksey Anatolyevich ,   Saratov State Agrarian University
Published: May 2019

There have been few medieval studies dealing with the works of the mid-15th-century Italian humanist Poggio of Florence (Poggio Bracciolini). This historical period has long received much scholarly attention both in Russia and abroad. The author focuses on the political views of the humanist. Like many contemporaries, Poggio raised the relevant issues of the Renaissance in all his works on different topics and of different genres. In this regard, the author identifies Poggio’s position in relation to rulers. It is concluded that the humanist is interested in a ruler as a bearer of certain qualities rather than in a particular person. For Poggio, a ruler must be a wise, just, and virtuous king who cares about the common good. Defending the ideas of civic humanism in his writings, Bracciolini continues the Renaissance tradition of creating the image of the perfect ruler in Italy.
Libro de Resúmenes: Taller I: Enfoques teórico-metodológicos para el estudio de cerámicas arqueológicas
Authors: Di Prado Violeta , Bugliani María Fabiana , Iucci María Emilia
Published: May 2019

Desde los comienzos de la Arqueología argentina como disciplina científica y através de diferentes enfoques y marcos conceptuales, se le ha asignado a la alfarería laresponsabilidad de contribuir al abordaje y resolución de los más diversos problemasdel pasado humano. Esta situación se debe, en parte, a que es uno de los materialesmás abundantes y bien preservados en distintos tipos de contextos arqueológicos.Diferentes atributos de la cerámica han sido utilizados para identificar procesos deaprendizaje, disminución de la movilidad, intercambio, cambio cultural ydiferenciación étnica, entre otros. Posiblemente, la alfarería ?tenga algo que decir?sobre cada uno de estos temas, pero el grado de profundidad de sus aportes está enestrecha relación con la cantidad, variabilidad, preservación e integridad de la muestrabajo estudio, las condiciones de hallazgo y registro, la información contextual ycronológica disponible y las técnicas analíticas aplicadas.Asimismo, las trayectorias de investigación sobre cerámicas arqueológicas en lasdiferentes regiones de Argentina presentan particularidades relacionadas con laprofundidad y sistematicidad de los análisis, las estrategias teórico-metodológicasaplicadas, los objetivos buscados y los registros arqueológicos obtenidos. Las razonesque explican este estado de la cuestión son complejas y entrelazan factores históricos,disciplinares, teórico-metodológicos, además de diferencias cuali-cuantitativas propiasde la alfarería de cada una de las regiones. De modo general, los estudiosceramológicos poseen mayor profundidad temporal y refinamiento analítico en laregión del NOA, aunque se han hecho considerables esfuerzos por avanzar en lasinvestigaciones sobre cerámica en las restantes regiones del país.Es precisamente la reflexión sobre estas cuestiones el disparador principal deltaller. Aprovechando la cantidad y diversidad de equipos de trabajo de la Facultad deCiencias Naturales y Museo de la UNLP que contemplan el estudio de la cerámicaarqueológica entre sus metas, buscamos intercambiar experiencias, discutir criterios yposibilitar la resolución de inquietudes compartidas, con un énfasis en los marcosteórico-metodológicos desde los que se ha trabajado la alfarería, con especial foco enla definición de criterios, técnicas y metodologías aplicados a diferentes preguntasarqueológicas y antropológicas.
“In Defense of Historical Fiction”: An Unpublished Essay by Edith Simon (Edited, with Introduction and Commentary. by Henry Innes MacAdam)
Authors: Simon Edith , MacAdam Henry I.
Published: May 2019

He [a New Testament Scholar] characterizes the [four canonical] Gospels as “history-like witnesses to truths both historical and transcendent,” which is helpful so long as we do not take “history-like” to mean fictional, in the way that historical novels are “history-like.” [He] maintains that they [the Gospels] are not the kind of narrative about past events that modern historians write.
The Construction of a Prehistory: The Austrian and German Social Democrats and the French Revolution
Authors: Bargain Alban
Published: May 2019

Jean-Numa Ducange, La Révolution française et la social-démocratie: transmissions et usages politiques de l'histoire en Allemagne et Autriche, 1889-1934 (Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2012)
Model Matematika Dampak Industri 4.0 terhadap Ketenagakerjaan Menggunakan Pendekatan Sistem
Authors: Aurachman Rio
Published: May 2019

The objective of this research was to provide a mathematical model that can explain the relationship between the unemployment rate, openness to technology, and people development initiatives to overcome technology development. These research discussions were carried out in the context of predicted technological developments related to Industry 4.0 which caused the loss of several jobs and formed new business models that will provide new jobs. The method used is to using system approach so that mathematical modeling can be obtained from Influence Diagrams which have been designed in previous research. Mathematical models illustrate that openness to technology is directly proportional to the number of unemployed. And the unemployment rate is inversely proportional to the level of human resource development. Development of human resources that are too large without being carried out with openness and technological progress, can also cause unemployment. This mathematical model can be used as a decision maker to understand and establish appropriate policies in the face of this Industry 4.0 change.
MECANISMOS EFETORES DA RESPOSTA IMUNE NA INFECÇÃO POR Bordetella pertussis
Authors: Araújo Thiago Moraes Silva de , Araújo Thayse Moraes Silva de , Barbosa Kledson Lopes
Published: May 2019

A coqueluche é uma doença infecciosa aguda, transmissível, com predileção pelo trato respiratório, caracterizada por paroxismos de tosse seca e considerada uma importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade infantil. A resposta imunológica humoral e celular do hospedeiro promove a delimitação da infecção, pois, essas respostas se caracterizam importantes linhas de defesa, durante a colonização e infecção da bactéria. Desta forma, esta pesquisa procurou, através de uma revisão bibliográfica, descrever acerca dos mecanismos mais eficazes de resposta imune contra a B. pertussis e abordar os mecanismos de evasão efetivados pelo patógeno. A imunidade protetora gerada por vacinas de células inteiras parece ser mediada em grande parte por células Th1, enquanto menos eficaz, do que as vacinas acelulares que induzem a produção de Th2 e Th17. É necessário que a vacina acelular seja atualizada com o intuito de incluir componentes antigênicos adjuvantes, bem como incluí-la no esquema vacinal de adolescentes e adultos, na tentativa de evitar a propagação da doença após o declínio da imunidade desses indivíduos.
PERFIL DAS MULHERES ATENDIDAS PELA AMBULÂNCIA DO PROGRAMA CEGONHA CARIOCA
Authors: De Aguiar Britto Alan Messala , Ribeiro da Silva Rafaela , De Oliveira Amancio Glauber José , Herdy Alves Valdecyr , Maques Fernandes Ilma
Published: May 2019

Elevadas taxas de mortalidade materno-infantil permanecem como um problema no Brasil e no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Na tentativa de reduzi-las, instituiu-se em âmbito nacional, a Rede Cegonha, e a nível municipal, o Programa Cegonha Carioca, que implantou ambulâncias para atender mulheres no ciclo gravídico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever o perfil das mulheres que utilizaram essas ambulâncias. Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal com abordagem quantitativa que permitiu analisar as fichas de atendimentos e as classificações de risco realizados por enfermeiros de uma ambulância nos períodos compreendidos entre setembro e dezembro de 2012 e de 2013. Após a analise observou-se predominância nos atendimentos urgentes  para gestantes jovens adultas, primigestas no terceiro trimestre de gestação. As principais queixas identificadas foram dores abdominais e nas costas e perdas transvaginais. Percebeu-se que foram atendidas mais adolescentes e menos mulheres com mais de 35anos que a média nacional. Concluiu-se então que novos estudos sobre os atendimentos realizados nessas ambulâncias precisam ser conduzidos para possibilitarem a análise de sua eficácia a fim de estudar a expansão desse serviço para outros municípios visando promover sua acessibilidade.
Reduced Trunk Coupling in Persons With Recurrent Low Back Pain Is Associated With Greater Deep-to-Superficial Trunk Muscle Activation Ratios During the Balance-Dexterity Task
Authors: Rowley K. Michael , Smith Jo Armour , Kulig Kornelia
Published: May 2019

Background

Motor control dysfunction persisting during symptom remission in persons with recurrent low back pain (LBP) may contribute to the recurrence of pain.

Objectives

To investigate trunk control in persons in remission from recurrent LBP and in back-healthy controls using a dynamic, internally driven balance task. No differences in task performance were expected between groups, but it was hypothesized that persons with recurrent LBP would exhibit greater trunk coupling, consistent with a trunk-stiffening strategy.

Methods

In this cross-sectional controlled laboratory study, persons with and without recurrent LBP (n = 19 per group) completed the balance-dexterity task, which involved balancing on one limb in standing while compressing an unstable spring with the other. Task performance measures included center-of-pressure velocity under the stance limb and vertical force variability under the spring. Trunk coupling was quantified with the coefficient of determination (R2) of an angle-angle plot of thorax-pelvis frontal plane motion. Fine-wire and surface electromyography captured activations of paraspinals and abdominals.

Results

There were no differences between groups for any task performance measure. The group in remission from recurrent LBP exhibited reduced trunk coupling, or more dissociated thorax and pelvis motion, compared to the healthy control group (P = .024). Trunk coupling in this group was associated moderately with the lumbar multifidus-to-erector spinae activation ratio (r = 0.618, P = .006) and weakly with the internal oblique-to-external oblique ratio (r = 0.476, P = .046).

Conclusion

The balance-dexterity task is a submaximal, internally driven unstable balance task during which more dissociated trunk motion was observed in persons in remission from recurrent LBP. Findings underscore the task-dependent nature of trunk control research and assessment in persons with recurrent LBP. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2019;49(12):887–898. Epub 15 May 2019. doi:10.2519/jospt.2019.8756
Interações realizadas por genes líderes do câncer de mama: uma abordagem computacional
Authors: Magalhães Daniela Oliveira Lima , Magalhães Italo Rodrigues , Andrade Frederico Marques , Durães Lorena Roseli Rios , Rodrigues João Vitor da Silva , Almeida Emerson Willian Santos de , Dias Orlene Veloso , David Celio Pereira , Filho Otávio Cardoso , David Ludmilla Regina de Souza
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: Identificar os genes líderes e as interações realizadas por eles na rede do câncer de mama. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória de natureza computacional. A identificação dos genes envolvidos com o câncer de mama foi realizada na base de dados de genética humana GeneCards. Para isso, adotou-se o descritor breast cancer, selecionado na biblioteca de descritores de assuntos médicos Medical Subject Headings. Após a identificação dos genes, foi construído um mapa genômico com o auxílio do software Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins versão 10.0. Resultados: Foram identificados 8.610 genes, sendo selecionados 400 genes com as pontuações mais elevadas para a realização do mapa de interação genômico. Os genes TP53, PIK3CA, AKT1, EGFR, MAPK1, EP300, SRC e CDK2 foram considerados os genes líderes da rede câncer de mama, os quais interagiram com 90, 88, 64, 62, 60, 66, 58 e 52 genes, respectivamente. Interações entre os genes líderes e genes pertencentes a vias moleculares distintas foram realizadas. Conclusão: O mapeamento computacional dos genes mais relevantes para a condição câncer de mama revelou TP53, PIK3CA, AKT1, EGFR, MAPK1, EP300, SRC e CDK2 como genes líderes e as interações realizadas por eles dentro da rede em estudo.
The Development of 4C Competencies Integration Lesson Plan (RPP), Literation, PPK and HOTS for Elementary Schools
Authors: Kartono Kartono
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to produce RPP models that integrate 4C, literacy, PPK and HOTS capabilities, which have been validated. The method used was the development research method Borg & Gall, from the introduction, development, and testing stages. In the first year, it has produced high-grade elementary school Thematic RPP that integrate 21st century competency (4C), literacy skills, reinforced Character Education (PPK) and validated HOTS so that they are suitable to be used as RPP models to strengthen these abilities.
The Application of Powerpoint Media in Thematic Learning in The Second Grade of Elementary School
Authors: Candrawati Uzima
Published: May 2019

This study aimed to adjust the predetermined theme with the theme implemented. In addition, giving interesting presentations to students, and teachers can improve the quality of human resources in the field of technology and information. This study used a qualitative approach. Data sources consisted of primary data and secondary data through procedures for collecting data with participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The data analysis technique in this study used domain techniques, taxonomic techniques, compound techniques, and theme techniques. For the process of checking the validity of the data, a triangulation process was carried out to obtain accurate research results. The results of the study obtained that in thematic learning using the Lesson Plan (RPP) to achieve a basic competency set out in the Content Standards and described in the syllabus through various learning behaviors of students.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF IODATE IN IODIDES OF ALKALINE METALS
Authors: Gayduk Olga V.
Published: May 2019

Conditions for interaction of the iodate ions with iodide and methylene blue as a chromogenic reagent were studied. The interaction of iodate with an excess of iodide depends on the medium acidity. In dilute acids, the reaction of IO3 with Г is accompanied with a release of iodine which oxidizes the dye. The observed weakening of the color which is proportional to the concentration of iodate ions in the solution, results from the oxidative destruction of methylene blue. Spectra of methylene blue, conditions of the redox interaction, as well as the effect of the solution acidity and reagent concentration on the completeness of the reaction were studied. The light absorption of the solutions was measured at a wavelength of 664 nm. The reaction of the free iodine formation is rapid and quantitative at pH 4 - 5 . The desired acidity of the medium was attained using 1 M solution of acetic acid. The optimal concentration of methylene blue was determined. The results of the study formed a base for developing a technique of iodate ion determination in iodides of alkaline metals. The analyzed solutions were prepared with addition of sodium acetate to prevent iodide oxidation by atmospheric oxygen. To eliminate the interfering effect of Fe (III), sodium pyrophosphate (which should be introduced after acidification of the solution and isolation of iodine) was used. The accuracy of the technique was proved in spike tests on the model solutions and real samples by the method of sample weight variation. The developed technique was tested in determination of the iodate ions in cesium and sodium iodides. The relative standard deviation does not exceed 15%. The sensitivity of the developed technique is 10 times higher compared to the technique based on the formation of an iodine-starch complex.
DETECTION OF INTEGRITY DEFECTS IN ALUMINUM SPECIMENS BY THE MAGNETIC PULSE METHOD
Authors: Pavlyuchenko Vladimir V. , Doroshevich Elena S.
Published: May 2019

Experimental time dependences of the electric voltage U(t), taken from the induction magnetic head when scanning it with a magnetic carrier with magnetic field records of artificial defects of the integrity (slits) with a width of (1.0 - 10.0) x 10-5  m in aluminum plates from 1.5 x 10-6 to 2.0 x 10-3 m are presented. On the magnetic carrier the magnetic fields of the defects that occur when aluminum plates are exposed to a pulse of magnetic field of plane inductor (action time of about 1.0 x 10-4 sec). Dependences of U(t) for different depths of bedding of the defects and thickness of the layer of the material above them in the specified ranges of influences are obtained. In this case, distributions of instantaneous magnetic fields are recorded on the surface area of objects of the order of 1.0 x 10-3 m2 with a resolution in the measurement plane of 1.0 x 10-8 m2. The novelty of the method consists in determination of the amplitude of the main pulse of the field and build up time, the shape of the leading and trailing edges, as well as the amplitude, build up time, the number and polarity of the outliers of magnetic field, direction of the applied field, operations of smoothing, calculation, separation of the useful signal and operations of recognition of the defect information recorded on the magnetic medium with analysis of the dependences U(t). The developed method for controlling objects from electrically conductive materials makes it possible to increase several times the accuracy and speed of the control of the integrity defects in diamagnetic and paramagnetic metals.
Factors associated with Legionnaires’ disease recurrence in hotel and holiday rental accommodation sites
Authors: Beauté Julien , Sandin Sven , de Jong Birgitta , Hallström Lara Payne , Robesyn Emmanuel , Giesecke Johan , Sparén Pär ,   on behalf of the European Legionnaires’ Disease Surveillance Network
Published: May 2019

Background

The detection of a cluster of travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease (TALD) cases in any European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) country prompts action at the accommodation, follow-up by health authorities and reporting of measures taken. Some accommodations incur further cases despite presumed implementation of adequate control measures.

Aim

To identify factors associated with the occurrence of a further TALD case after the implementation of control measures.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of hotel and holiday rental accommodations in the EU/EEA associated with two or more TALD cases with onset dates less than 2 years apart (a ‘cluster’) and notification between 1 June 2011−31 December 2016. We fitted Cox regression models to estimate the association between accommodation characteristics and the occurrence of a further case, defined as any case with onset date after the report on measures taken.

Results

Of the 357 accommodations in the analysis, 90 (25%) were associated with at least one further case after the report on measures taken (12.4/100 accommodation-years). Accommodations associated with two or more cases before the cluster notification were more likely to be associated with a further case, compared with those not previously associated with any case (adjusted hazard ratio 1.85; 95% confidence interval: 1.14–3.02). Neither the detection of Legionella in the water system nor the type of disinfection were found to be associated with the risk of a further case.

Conclusion

Accommodation size and previous TALD cases were predictive of further Legionnaires’ disease cases after implementation of control measures.
Lyme neuroborreliosis epidemiology in Sweden 2010 to 2014: clinical microbiology laboratories are a better data source than the hospital discharge diagnosis register
Authors: Dahl Viktor , Wisell Karin T , Giske Christian G , Tegnell Anders , Wallensten Anders
Published: May 2019

Background

In a study from 2013 that prioritised communicable diseases for surveillance in Sweden, we identified Lyme borreliosis as one of the diseases with highest priority. In 2014, when the present study was designed, there were also plans to make neuroborreliosis notifiable within the European Union.

Aim

We compared possibilities of surveillance of neuroborreliosis in Sweden through two different sources: the hospital discharge register and reporting from the clinical microbiology laboratories.

Methods

We examined the validity of ICD-10 codes in the hospital discharge register by extracting personal identification numbers for all cases of neuroborreliosis, defined by a positive cerebrospinal fluid–serum anti-Borrelia antibody index, who were diagnosed at the largest clinical microbiology laboratory in Sweden during 2014. We conducted a retrospective observational study with a questionnaire sent to all clinical microbiology laboratories in Sweden requesting information on yearly number of cases, age group and sex for the period 2010 to 2014.

Results

Among 150 neuroborreliosis cases, 67 (45%) had received the ICD-10 code A69.2 (Lyme borreliosis) in combination with G01.9 (meningitis in bacterial diseases classified elsewhere), the combination that the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare recommends for neuroborreliosis. All 22 clinical laboratories replied to our questionnaire. Based on laboratory reporting, the annual incidence of neuroborreliosis in Sweden was 6.3 cases per 100,000 in 2014.

Conclusion

The hospital discharge register was unsuitable for surveillance of neuroborreliosis, whereas laboratory-based reporting was a feasible alternative. In 2018, the European Commission included Lyme neuroborreliosis on the list of diseases under epidemiological surveillance.
Quantitative evaluation of the diagenesis and porosity evolution of tight sandstone reservoirs: A case study of the Yanchang formation in the Southern Ordos basin, China
Authors: Xiao Meng , Chen Dawei , Qiu Guiqiang , Yuan Xuanjun , Chen Chunfang
Published: May 2019

Evaluation of the pore evolution is key to gaining a better understanding of oil migration and accumulation in tight oil exploration for tight sandstone; to study the diagenesis and porosity evolution of tight sandstone reservoirs, we analysed the 8th member of the Yanchang Formation by core observation, thin section observation, cathodoluminescence, scanning electron microscopy, and logging data analysis. The following conclusions can be drawn (1) In the typical tight sandstone reservoir, numerous secondary pores developed at burial depths in the range of 1300 m to 1400 m, and approximately 1500 m to 1600 m. (2) Compaction was the most influential factor of reservoir density and decreased the average pore size by 24.8%. Carbonate cementation decreased the porosity by 8.2%. The most important diagenetic process for increasing the reservoir porosity was dissolution, which increased the pore size by 5.1%. In addition, chlorite played an active role in inhibiting secondary quartz growth and preserving primary pores. (3) The early gas invasion can inhibit diagenesis, and the organic acids produced by the later oil can increase dissolution, so that the high oil saturation phenomenon becomes more obvious.
Methodology for calculating the pre-exponential factor using the isoconversional principle for the numerical simulation of the air injection process
Authors: Padilla- Reyes Jorge Mario , Trujillo -Portillo Marta Liliana , Niz-  Vel´asquez Eider
Published: May 2019

The main challenge to predict at Field scale the performance of an air injection process is to understand the oil oxidation process and to have a kinetic model of reactions enabling the prediction of process behavior in a reservoir numerical simulator, under different operating conditions.   Recently, the Isoconversional Principle has been implemented for studying the kinetics of reactions associated with oil oxidation during air injection, based on Ramped Temperature Oxidation tests (RTO). In different published papers, the isoconversional analysis has been used to study the oxidation characteristics of different rock-fluid systems, identify groups of dominant reactions during the crude oil oxidation process, and estimate the effective activation energy for each of the identified reactions. 

 However, in none of them has a procedure been established for estimating the pre-exponential factor, as this is not a direct measure of isoconversional methods. In this article, a mathematical procedure is proposed for estimating the pre-exponential factor based on the application of Friedman's isoconversional method, inteded for characterizing the kinetics of the reactions associated with the In Situ Combustion process.  This procedure was validated with experimental information and a kinetic model proposed in the literature to model the oxidation behavior of heavy crude.
Assessment of a surfactant- polymer formulation for conditions in a Colombian field
Authors: Tapias- Hernández Fabián Andrés , Moreno Rosangela Barros Zanoni Lopes
Published: May 2019

The surfactant-polymer (SP) process is one of the Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (CEOR) methods used in the industry. It has been continuously studied; however, it is still a challenge for the petroleum industry due to the difficulty to design the solution to be injected and forecast process performance. This paper is intended to contribute to the design of fluids used in an SP process based on some previously known properties and conditions. Hence, reservoir and fluid properties of a Colombian Field were used as reference parameters to select the polymer and surfactant. Then, the effects of salts, temperature, and surfactant on tailor-made polymer solutions were determined through a rheological study. Ostwald-de Waele and Carreau-Yasuda models adjusted the measured viscosity data against shear rate, while Arrhenius equation fitted viscosity values at 7,8 s-1 against temperature. The surfactant performance was analyzed using phase behavior tests, and the Chun Huh equations determined the interfacial tension (IFT) values. The Bancroft’s rule was used as a qualitative verification tool of the kind of micro- emulsion formed. From rheology, we concluded that the viscous modulus is predominant for all polymer solutions, and the fluid thickness is reduced due to the presence of divalent cations and raise on temperature, salts or surfactant concentration. On the other hand, the observed phase behavior corresponded to a transition Winsor II to I without finding any Winsor III micro-emulsion. Therefore, some criteria were proposed to select the optimal conditions. For the desired conditions, the reduction of IFT reached values ranging in magnitudes of 10-3 to 10-4 [mN/m]. These values are usually associated with an improved oil recovery factor.
Dauru Ta'lim Qawaid al-Lughah al-Arabiyah Fi Bina'i Maharat al-Qira'ah Li al-Tullab al-Faslh al-Awwal Fi Madrasah Hikmah al-Syarif al-Aliyah Nahdlah al-Wathan Salut Narmada Lombok Barat Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Maujud Fathul , Ningsih Cipta
Published: May 2019

Specifically, this study discuss about Qowaid role in Arabic Language in forming reading skill in student class I Senior High School Hikmatussyarif Nahdhotul Wathan Salut Narmada West of Nusa Tenggara. Significances of this article is to know instruction process Qowaid of Arabic Language and to forming reading skill in student Class I Senior High School Hikmatussyarif Nahdhotul Wathan Salut Narmada West of Nusa Tenggara. As for research study method in this article use Qualitative method, Qowaid instruction has done it well according to effective steps because existence of some components of teacher instruction, student, hand book, material, time, instruction strategy, instruction media and evaluation. And Qowaid instruction has seen from student skill, they have come up with the target of study which have been determined, they read some Arabic references without harakat and also they can write it well.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Berwirausaha Bagi Pelaku Usaha Ternak Puyuh Di Link Pesanggrahan Walantaka Kecamatan Walantaka Kota Serang
Authors: Nafiudin Nafiudin , Umdiana Nana
Published: May 2019

Limitations Knowledge about production and entrepreneurship ability generally makes it difficult for business actors to survive and develop, and this is what happens to business people in the guest house link in the Walanta village, Walantaka sub-district, Serang City. Based on these problems, we aim to provide solutions namely increasing entrepreneurship skills. for business people at Pesanggarahan Link, Walantaka District. By providing counseling and giving automatic egg incubators as an effort to increase the ability of entrepreneurship and foster an entrepreneurial spirit. The results of this service are an increase in entrepreneurial literacy and Increased Enthusiasm of Entrepreneurship for business actors and prospective new business actors Keeyword: Entrepreneurship Spirit, Entrepreneurial Ability
Identification of Reservoir Thickness and Estimation of Hydrocarbon Reservation used the Pre-Stack Depth Migration (PSDM) in Cikung Area
Authors: Irawan Sudra , Khoirunnisa Hanah
Published: May 2019

Information from the geological data shows that the Cikung field has the complex structure which is characterized by carbonate reef. Therefore, it is required in the domain depth migration (PSDM) using interval velocity model is sensitive to variations in vertical and horizontal velocity to identify the thickness of the reservoir and estimation of hydrocarbon reserves. Stages include making the depth structure maps, map making the thickness of the reservoir, and the calculation of hydrocarbon reserves. The results showed that the thickness of the reservoir in Cikung Field, estimated to range from 71 meters to 175 meters with the prospect reservoir is at a depth of 1216 meters to 1247 meters from the surface. Hydrocarbon deposits (oil) is estimated at 1,134 × 106 𝑆𝑇𝐵 or 1,311 × 108 kilo litre by the porosity of 22.6% and 70.7% water saturation.
The Characteristics of Significant Wave Height and Sea Surface Temperature In The Sunda Strait
Authors: Khoirunnisa Hanah , Lubis Muhammad Zainuddin , Anurogo Wenang
Published: May 2019

Sunda Strait has an important role in the water mass exchange from the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean so that the oceanographic condition is strongly affected by seasonal factors. The purpose of this study is to observe the relationship and the characteristics of significant wave height (SWH) and sea surface temperature (SST) in the Sunda strait and its relationship with IOD. The method employed is spatial analysis, low-pass filter, and spectrum analysis by S-Transform, beside that the correlation between SST and SWH is analyzed by wavelet coherency. The period of SWH and SST is dominantly semiannual, at the time of winter monsoon (the Northeast Monsoon), the SWH was reaching up to 2,11 m, while at the summer monsoon, the SWH was reaching up to 3.62 m. Reversely, the SST increased during the winter monsoon. At the time of 2016 had been detecting by the negative IOD with the IOD index of -0.65 and it caused the SWH increased by 0.3 m than its average. Based on the wavelet coherence, the SWH and the SST have the coherence in the period of 8 to 16 days, especially in March to April, and June to August.