bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sinorhizobium meliloti succinylated high‐molecular‐weight succinoglycan and the Medicago truncatula LysM receptor‐like kinase MtLYK10 participate independently in symbiotic infection
Authors: Maillet Fabienne , Fournier Joëlle , Mendis Hajeewaka C. , Tadege Million , Wen Jiangqi , Ratet Pascal , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Gough Clare , Jones Kathryn M.
Published: November 2019

The formation of nitrogen‐fixing nodules on legume hosts is a finely tuned process involving many components of both symbiotic partners. Production of the exopolysaccharide succinoglycan by the nitrogen‐fixing bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 is needed for an effective symbiosis with Medicago spp., and the succinyl modification to this polysaccharide is critical. However, it is not known when succinoglycan intervenes in the symbiotic process, and it is not known whether the plant lysin‐motif receptor‐like kinase MtLYK10 intervenes in recognition of succinoglycan, as might be inferred from work on the Lotus japonicus MtLYK10 ortholog, LjEPR3. We studied the symbiotic infection phenotypes of S. meliloti mutants deficient in succinoglycan production or producing modified succinoglycan, in wild‐type Medicago truncatula plants and in Mtlyk10 mutant plants. On wild‐type plants, S. meliloti strains producing no succinoglycan or only unsuccinylated succinoglycan still induced nodule primordia and epidermal infections, but further progression of the symbiotic process was blocked. These S. meliloti mutants induced a more severe infection phenotype on Mtlyk10 mutant plants. Nodulation by succinoglycan‐defective strains was achieved by in trans rescue with a Nod factor‐deficient S. meliloti mutant. While the Nod factor‐deficient strain was always more abundant inside nodules, the succinoglycan‐deficient strain was more efficient than the strain producing only unsuccinylated succinoglycan. Together, these data show that succinylated succinoglycan is essential for infection thread formation in M. truncatula, and that MtLYK10 plays an important, but different role in this symbiotic process. These data also suggest that succinoglycan is more important than Nod factors for bacterial survival inside nodules.
M1‐polarized alveolar macrophages are crucial in a mouse model of transfusion‐related acute lung injury
Authors: Wang Lei , Wu Tao , Yan Shaoduo , Wang Yue , An Jie , Wu Chaoyi , Zhang Yulong , Ma Yuyuan , Fu Qiuxia , Wang Donggen , Zhan Linsheng
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

The pathogenesis of transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) progress is incompletely understood, and specific therapies for TRALI are lacking. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are critical for initiation and resolution of lung inflammation. However, the role of AMs in the pathogenesis of TRALI‐associated lung failure is poorly understood.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Mouse model for in vivo imaging of interleukin (IL)‐6 activation in AMs was established by intratracheal instillation of a lentiviral vector carrying the luciferase reporter gene. The TRALI mouse model was produced by intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide plus intravenous major histocompatibility complex Class I monoclonal antibody treatment. We focused on the changes in AMs in the lung during TRALI and examined whether targeting AMs is an effective strategy to alleviate this condition.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS

We confirmed that TRALI progress is accompanied by IL‐6 activation in AMs. Further study showed that AMs undergo M1 activation during TRALI progress. AM depletion protected mice from TRALI, and transfusion of M1‐polarized AMs into 34‐1‐2 s‐treated mice elevated acute lung injury, indicating that the severity of TRALI was able to be ameliorated by targeting AM polarization. Next, we showed that α1‐antitrypsin (AAT) expression improved lung injury by modulating the production of IL‐6 in AMs and decreased polarization of AMs toward the M1 phenotype.

CONCLUSIONS

M1‐polarized AMs are crucial in a mouse model of TRALI, and AAT may serve as a future treatment for TRALI by regulating the polarization of AMs.
Representaciones sociales de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en pacientes de Cuautla, México
Authors: Arcos Guzmán Moisés Joel , Peña Mena Kenia Esperanza
Published: November 2019

Objetivo. Identificar y describir las representaciones sociales de vivir con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en pacientes del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en la ciudad de Cuautla, México. Método. Se utilizó metodología cualitativa. Como marco interpretativo se empleó la teoría de las representaciones sociales. La recopilación de la información se efectuó mediante la entrevista semiestructurada, y el análisis se hizo a partir de un proceso de codificación abierta y axial. Participaron 10 derechohabientes (nueve mujeres y un hombre) del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, cuyo rango de edad osciló entre los 30 y los 60 años. Se resalta como parte del proceso el cuidado ético y el respeto a la dignidad humana durante cada una de las fases. Resultados. Se identificaron conceptos cimentados en la representación extraída del discurso de los participantes, quienes manifestaron una estructura de vínculos jerárquicos que se desprenden de la condición de paciente asociado a la diabetes como enfermedad, el control de la misma y la atención médica. Conclusión. Es evidente que la representación construida desde la proclama del paciente coliga a la enfermedad como un elemento negativo en el estilo de vida y las prácticas cotidianas.
Vida sentimental y cortejo adolescente en el ámbito de la convivencia escolar y juvenil
Authors: Ortega Ruiz Rosario , Gómez-López Mercedes , Viejo Carmen
Published: November 2019

Objetivo. La investigación está haciendo evidente que los procesos psicoevolutivos de cortejo e inicio de lasprimeras relaciones sentimentales inciden en la vida social de los centros escolares. La convivencia escolares un constructo complejo que exige el análisis de todos los elementos relevantes para el bienestar de losmiembros de la comunidad educativa. Este trabajo presenta un estudio sobre las experiencias sentimentalesdurante la adolescencia y su asociación con el bienestar subjetivo, o satisfacción percibida con diversosámbitos de la vida. Método. Se utilizó una muestra representativa conformada por 2512 participantes de entre 11 y 18 años (49.8% chicas; edad media = 14.33; DT = 1.68), escolarizados en centros públicos y privadosde Andalucía, España. Resultados. Se observó que la experiencia sentimental ejercía un efecto positivo en elbienestar subjetivo de los y las participantes y que aumentaba con la edad, encontrando diferencias significativas entre los sexos. Conclusión. Estos resultados se discuten en términos de las posibles implicaciones que, para la convivencia escolar, puede tener una buena gestión psicoeducativa del proceso de cortejo, y la necesidad de incluir esta meta en el proyecto educativo de los centros escolares.
Physics of Failure-Based Reliability Assessment for Systems Exposed to Sliding Wear Under Uncertainty
Authors: Pourmostafaei Mohammad , Pourgol-Mohammad Mohammad , Yazdani Mojtaba , Salimi Hossein
Published: November 2019

In this paper, a new model is proposed for system degradation evaluation under sliding wear failure mechanism. This model estimates the material loss with respect to progression of sliding distance. This model is generated by considering physical and geometrical aspects of the system which is under wear failure mechanism. Several sets of experimental data are used for validation of the presented model. These experimental data are related to the pin-on-disk test including initially conformal and nonconformal contacts. A dataset of the pin-on-disk test by ASTM-G99 standard is used for additional model validation. The rail system data are employed for validation of the model in the practical systems. Uncertainty is analyzed by Monte Carlo simulation to determine the variations of the predicted material loss. Finally, the reliability assessment of these systems is performed.
Stabilization of Filament Production Rate for Screw Extrusion-Based Polymer Three-Dimensional-Printing
Authors: Koga Shumon , Straub David , Diagne Mamadou , Krstic Miroslav
Published: November 2019

Polymer three-dimensional (3D)-printing has been commercialized rapidly during recent years; however, there remains a matter of improving the manufacturing speed. Screw extrusion has a strong potential to fasten the process through the simultaneous operation of the filament production and the deposition. This paper develops a control algorithm for screw extrusion-based 3D printing of thermoplastic materials through an observer-based output feedback design. We consider the thermodynamic model describing the time evolution of the temperature profile of an extruded polymer by means of a partial differential equation (PDE) defined on the time-varying domain. The time evolution of the spatial domain is governed by an ordinary differential equation that reflects the dynamics of the position of the phase change interface between polymer granules and molten polymer deposited as a molten filament. The steady-state profile of the distributed temperature along the extruder is obtained when the desired setpoint for the interface position is prescribed. To enhance the feasibility of our previous design, we develop a PDE observer to estimate the temperature profile via measured values of surface temperature and the interface position. An output feedback control law considering a cooling mechanism at the boundary inlet as an actuator is proposed. In extruders, the control of raw material temperature is commonly achieved using preconditioners as part of the inlet feeding mechanism. For some given screw speeds that correspond to slow and fast operating modes, numerical simulations are conducted to prove the performance of the proposed controller. The convergence of the interface position to the desired setpoint is achieved under physically reasonable temperature profiles.
Arbiters of truth, then and now
Laboratory Life: The Social Construction of Scientific Facts
Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar
Sage Publications, 1979. 271 pp.
Authors: Swift Joseph
Published: November 2019

A 40-year-old tome's prescient observations about scientific fact-making resonate today
Regulation of negative emotional behavior
Authors: Ikemoto Satoshi
Published: November 2019

A lower-brainstem structure regulates a psychobehavioral state for avoidance behavior
Законы сохранения и компактная квазигазодинамическая система
Authors: Четверушкин Борис Николаевич , Chetverushkin Boris Nikolaevich , Луцкий Александр Евгеньевич , Lutsky Alexander Evgenjevich , Осипов Владимир Петрович , Osipov Vladimir Petrovich
Published: November 2019

На основе применения законов сохранения осуществляется вывод компактной квазигазодинамической системы, которая ранее была получена с помощью использования кинетической модели. Обсуждается возможность применения для решения этой системы алгоритмов, ранее применяемых для решения уравнений Навье-Стокса.
Моделирование потока вязкой несжимаемой жидкости с помощью квазигидродинамической системы уравнений
Authors: Тарасов Никита Игоревич , Tarasov Nikita Igorevich , Поляков Сергей Владимирович , Polyakov Sergey Vladimirovich , Карамзин Юрий Николаевич , Karamzin Yurii Nikolaevich , Кудряшова Татьяна Алексеевна , Kudryashova Tat'yana Alekseevna , Подрыга Виктория Олеговна , Podryga Viktoriya Olegovna , Пузырьков Дмитрий Валерьевич , Puzyrkov Dmitrii Valer'evich
Published: November 2019

Рассматривается проблема моделирования потока вязкой несжимаемой жидкости с помощью квазигидродинамической системы уравнений. Использование данного подхода позволяет избежать неустойчивости при расчете давления при использовании классической постановки уравнений Навье-Стокса, проявляющейся при использовании ячеистых численных схем. Для численной реализации КГД уравнений использовался метод конечных объемов по центрам ячеек, в случае двумерной задачи - квадратных, в случае трехмерной задачи - кубических. В качестве тестовых расчетов было проведено две серии расчетов в областях сложной геометрии для нескольких чисел Рейнольдса, а также проведено сравнение результатов с программным пакетом ANSYS CFX. Сравнение показало высокое качество результатов численного моделирования при использовании КГД системы уравнений.
Practical guide to training and validation for primary diagnosis with digital pathology
Authors: Williams Bethany Jill , Treanor Darren
Published: November 2019

Numerous clinical pathology departments are deploying or planning to deploy digital pathology systems for all or part of their diagnostic output. Digital pathology is an evolving technology, and it is important that departments uphold or improve on current standards. Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust has been scanning 100% of histology slides since September 2018. In this practical paper, we will share our approach to training and validation, which has been incorporated into the Royal College of Pathologists’ guidance for digital pathology implementation. We will offer an overview of the Royal College endorsed training and validation protocol and the evidence base on which it is based. We will provide practical advice on implementation of the protocol and highlight areas of digital reporting that can prove difficult for the novice digital pathologist. In addition, we will share a detailed topographical list of types of diagnostic tasks and features which should form the basis of digital slide training sets.
Anaesthetic management of a phaeochromocytoma excision in a dog
Authors: Miller Chris , Pawson Pat
Published: November 2019

A nine‐year‐old male neutered crossbreed dog was presented for adrenalectomy following diagnosis of a phaeochromocytoma, which was confirmed by urinary normetanephrine:creatinine ratio. No clinical signs were associated with the tumour. Excess release of catecholamines from the tumour can result in marked haemodynamic derangements that require careful consideration for anaesthesia. The dog was treated before surgery with phenoxybenzamine per os. During the surgery periods of marked hypertension developed and were managed with nitroprusside and increased vapouriser output. The adrenal gland was closely adhered to the kidney and a nephrectomy was also required to fully excise the mass. A moderate amount of haemorrhage occurred during the final dissection. Hypotension persisted postoperatively and required treatment with phenylephrine and fluid therapy. The dog was discharged from hospital three days following surgery.
Implications of the reservation price strategy on the optimal harvest decision and production of nontimber goods in an even-aged forest stand
Authors: Susaeta Andres , Gong Peichen , Adams Damian
Published: November 2019

This study analyzes the effects of adopting an adaptive harvest strategy in even-aged forest management under timber price uncertainty on the production of nontimber goods. We use the reservation price strategy (“harvest when the observed timber prices are higher than the reservation prices”) on a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) stand and employ the Faustmann–Hartman model as a benchmark. We assume that a longleaf pine stand can be managed for timber production, water production, carbon sequestration, and pine straw raking, depending on the planting density. Our results indicate that the reservation price strategy leads to longer expected harvest age when planting density is high. The reservation price strategy does not lead to increases in water production and carbon sequestration with low planting density. With high planting density, the reservation price strategy leads to increases in the amount of in situ carbon sequestered by 14.4–24.7 Mg·ha–1. Our findings suggest that managing longleaf pine forests in good- or poor-quality sites is a profitable alternative and enables water production and carbon sequestration.
Acoustic black hole in 2 + 1 dimensions as a particle accelerator
Authors: Fernando Sharmanthie
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we have studied particle collision around a rotating acoustic black hole in 2 + 1 dimensions. This black hole is analog to a fluid flow in a draining bath tub with a sink. Center of mass energy for two-particle collision at the horizon of the rotating acoustic black hole is considered. There is a possibility of the two-mass collision to create infinite center of mass energy for certain fine tuning of the parameters of the theory.
AdS backgrounds and induced gravity
Authors: Lin Hai , Narain Gaurav
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we look for AdS solutions to generalized gravity theories in the bulk in various spacetime dimensions. The bulk gravity action includes the action of a non-minimally coupled scalar field with gravity, and a higher-derivative action of gravity. The usual Einstein–Hilbert gravity is induced when the scalar acquires a nonzero vacuum expectation value. The equation of motion in the bulk shows scenarios where AdS geometry emerges on-shell. We further obtain the action of the fluctuation fields on the background at quadratic and cubic orders.
Form invariance, topological fluctuations and mass gap of Yang–Mills theory
Authors: Qian Yachao , Nian Jun
Published: November 2019

In order to have a new perspective on the long-standing problem of the mass gap in Yang–Mills theory, we study in this paper the quantum Yang–Mills theory in the presence of topologically nontrivial backgrounds. The topologically stable gauge fields are constrained by the form invariance condition and the topological properties. Obeying these constraints, the known classical solutions to the Yang–Mills equation in the three- and four-dimensional Euclidean spaces are recovered, and the other allowed configurations form the nontrivial topological fluctuations at quantum level. Together, they constitute the background configurations, upon which the quantum Yang–Mills theory can be constructed. We demonstrate that the theory mimics the Higgs mechanism in a certain limit and develops a mass gap at semiclassical level on a flat space with finite size or on a sphere.
Quaternionic approach on the Dirac–Maxwell, Bernoulli and Navier–Stokes equations for dyonic fluid plasma
Authors: Chanyal B. C.
Published: November 2019

By applying the Hamilton’s quaternion algebra, we propose the generalized electromagnetic-fluid dynamics of dyons governed by the combination of the Dirac–Maxwell, Bernoulli and Navier–Stokes equations. The generalized quaternionic hydro-electromagnetic field of dyonic cold plasma consists of electrons and magnetic monopoles in which there exist dual-mass and dual-charge species in the presence of dyons. We construct the conservation of energy and conservation of momentum equations by equating the quaternionic scalar and vector parts for generalized hydro-electromagnetic field of dyonic cold plasma. We propose the quaternionic form of conservation of energy is related to the Bernoulli-like equation while the conservation of momentum is related to Navier–Stokes-like equation for dynamics of dyonic plasma fluid. Further, the continuity equation, i.e. the conservation of electric and magnetic charges with the dynamics of hydro-electric and hydro-magnetic flow of conducting cold plasma fluid is also analyzed. The quaternionic formalism for dyonic plasma wave emphasizes that there are two types of waves propagation, namely the Langmuir-like wave propagation due to electrons, and the ’t Hooft–Polyakov-like wave propagation due to magnetic monopoles.
String model with mesons and baryons in modified measure theory
Authors: Vulfs T. O. , Guendelman E. I.
Published: November 2019

We consider string meson and string baryon models in the framework of the modified measure theory, the theory that does not use the determinant of the metric to construct the invariant volume element. As the outcome of this theory, the string tension is not placed ad hoc but is derived. When the charges are presented, the tension undergoes alterations. In the string meson model there are one string and two opposite charges at the endpoints. In the string baryon model, there are two strings, two pairs of opposite charges at the endpoints and one additional charge at the intersection point, the point where these two strings are connected. The application of the modified measure theory is justified because the Neumann boundary conditions are obtained dynamically at every point where the charge is located and Dirichlet boundary conditions arise naturally at the intersection point. In particular, the Neumann boundary conditions that are obtained at the intersection point differ from that considered before by ’t Hooft in arXiv:hep-th/0408148 and are stronger, which appears to solve the nonlocality problem that was encountered in the standard measure approach. The solutions of the equations of motion are presented. Assuming that each endpoint is the dynamical massless particle, the Regge trajectory with the slope parameter that depends on three different tensions is obtained.
Improving Recurrent Neural Networks for Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition by Combining Different Language Models
Authors: Jemni Sana Khamekhem , Kessentini Yousri , Kanoun Slim
Published: November 2019

In handwriting recognition, the design of relevant features is very important, but it is a daunting task. Deep neural networks are able to extract pertinent features automatically from the input image. This drops the dependency on handcrafted features, which is typically a trial and error process. In this paper, we perform an exhaustive experimental evaluation of learned against handcrafted features for Arabic handwriting recognition task. Moreover, we focus on the optimization of the competing full-word based language models by incorporating different characters and sub-words models. We extensively investigate the use of different sub-word-based language models, mainly characters, pseudo-words, morphemes and hybrid units in order to enhance the full-word handwriting recognition system for Arabic script. The proposed method allows the recognition of any out of vocabulary word as an arbitrary sequence of sub-word units. The KHATT database has been used as a benchmark for the Arabic handwriting recognition. We show that combining multiple language models enhances considerably the recognition performance for a morphologically rich language like Arabic. We achieve the state-of-the-art performance on the KHATT dataset.
A New Active Contours Image Segmentation Model Driven by Generalized Mean with Outlier Restoration Achievements
Authors: Ali Haider , Shujjahuddin Amna , Rada Lavdie
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we propose a robust variational segmentation model capable of overcoming the problem of the negative effects of outliers. The proposed method is based on the combination of the characteristics of the generalized mean with the concept of the active contours. The optimization problem raising in this combination employs a power method technique. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed model on a series of sample images from diverse modalities and show an outperforming proposed model in comparison with the state-of-the-art methods. The proposed method shows better or equivalent performance in terms of accuracy and robustness than the conventional state-of-the-art models. The validation of the efficiency of the proposed two-phase algorithm is further extended to vector-valued images and multi-phase formulation.
An Image Segmentation Method Based on Two-Dimensional Entropy and Chaotic Lightning Attachment Procedure Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Liu Wei , Yang Shuai , Ye Zhiwei , Huang Qian , Huang Yongkun
Published: November 2019

Threshold segmentation has been widely used in recent years due to its simplicity and efficiency. The method of segmenting images by the two-dimensional maximum entropy is a species of the useful technique of threshold segmentation. However, the efficiency and stability of this technique are still not ideal and the traditional search algorithm cannot meet the needs of engineering problems. To mitigate the above problem, swarm intelligent optimization algorithms have been employed in this field for searching the optimal threshold vector. An effective technique of lightning attachment procedure optimization (LAPO) algorithm based on a two-dimensional maximum entropy criterion is offered in this paper, and besides, a chaotic strategy is embedded into LAPO to develop a new algorithm named CLAPO. In order to confirm the benefits of the method proposed in this paper, the other seven kinds of competitive algorithms, such as Ant–lion Optimizer (ALO) and Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA), are compared. Experiments are conducted on four different kinds of images and the simulation results are presented in several indexes (such as computational time, maximum fitness, average fitness, variance of fitness and other indexes) at different threshold levels for each test image. By scrutinizing the results of the experiment, the superiority of the introduced method is demonstrated, which can meet the needs of image segmentation excellently.
Biometric for Cattle Identification using Muzzle Patterns
Authors: Kusakunniran Worapan , Wiratsudakul Anuwat , Chuachan Udom , Kanchanapreechakorn Sarattha , Imaromkul Thanandon , Suksriupatham Noppanut , Thongkanchorn Kittikhun
Published: November 2019

Similar to human biometrics such as faces and fingerprints, animals also have biometrics for individual identifiers. This research paper works on biometrics of cattle using images of muzzle patterns. The proposed approach begins with a training process to construct a cattle face localization model using a Haar feature-based cascade classifier. Then, the watershed technique is applied to segment a region of interest (RoI) of a muzzle area in the detected region of the cattle face. This muzzle ROI is further enhanced to make ridge lines more outstanding. The next step, using two approaches, is to extract a main feature descriptor based on a bag of histograms of oriented gradients (BoHoG) and a histogram of local binary patterns (LBP). Then, the support vector machine (SVM) is applied with the histogram intersection kernel for a final cattle identifier. The proposed method is evaluated using five different datasets including one existing cattle dataset used in previous research works, one newly collected dataset of swamp buffalo captured in a controlled environment, and three newly collected datasets of swamp buffalo captured in an outdoor field environment. This outdoor field environment includes challenges of freely moving cattle and differences in daylight. It could achieve a promising accuracy of 95% for a large dataset of 431 subjects.
Efficient Semi-Online Algorithms for Multiple Objects in Computational Offloading
Authors: Song Shinan , Fang Zhiyi , Chu Shuhui , Bai Mingyu
Published: November 2019

Task scheduling between edge devices and remote servers is a common application scenario in edge computing or cloud computing, also known as computational offloading. A reasonable scheduling strategy can effectively shorten task completion time, reduce energy consumption, and improve user experience. However, the traditional offline task scheduling algorithm is NP-hard, and the decision requires obtaining all the information of the task and the device (such as task computing amount, data amount, device computing resources, etc.), which is challenging to meet in practical applications. The semi-online algorithm describes the task scheduling method when the system cannot obtain all the information. In this paper, we propose an Efficient Semi-online algorithm for Multi-users task offloading (ESaM), which includes two specific implementations: ESaM-I as known server-side idle time, and ESaM-O for known task computing amount. Because ESaM-I has obtained server information, it is better than ESaM-O in performance for most of the scenarios. The experimental results show that ESaM-I and ESaM-O are superior to the well-known semi-online scheduling algorithm SPaC in task completion time. As the remote processor computing ability increases, the average makespan converges to 0.875, 0.742, 0.782 for SPaC-M, ESaM-O, and ESaM-I in the simulation.
Feature weighting network for aircraft engine defect detection
Authors: Chen Liqiong , Zou Lian , Fan Cien , Liu Yifeng
Published: November 2019

Automatic aircraft engine defect detection is a challenging but important task in industry which can ensure safe air transportation and flight. In this paper, we propose a fast and accurate feature weighting network (FWNet) to solve the problem of defect scale variation and improve detection accuracy. The framework is designed based on recent popular convolutional neural networks and feature pyramid. To further boost the representation power of the network, a new feature weighting module (FWM) was proposed to recalibrate the channel-wise attention and increase the weights of valid features. The model was trained and tested on a self-built dataset, which consisted of 1916 images and contained three defect types: ablation, crack and coating missing. Extensive experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed FWM and show that the proposed method can accurately detect engine defects of different scales and different locations. Our method obtains 89.4% mAP and can run at 6FPS, which surpasses other state-of-the-art detection methods and can quickly provide diagnostic basis for aircraft maintenance inspectors in practical applications.
Semi-supervised partial least squares
Authors: Jin Xi , Zhang Xing , Rao Kaifeng , Tang Liang , Xie Qiwei
Published: November 2019

Traditional supervised dimensionality reduction methods can establish a better model often under the premise of a large number of samples. However, in real-world applications where labeled data are scarce, traditional methods tend to perform poorly because of overfitting. In such cases, unlabeled samples could be useful in improving the performance. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised dimensionality reduction method by using partial least squares (PLS) which we call semi-supervised partial least squares (S2PLS). To combine the labeled and unlabeled samples into a S2PLS model, we first apply the PLS algorithm to unsupervised dimensionality reduction. Then, the final S2PLS model is established by ensembling the supervised PLS model and the unsupervised PLS model which using the basic idea of principal model analysis (PMA) method. Compared with unsupervised or supervised dimensionality reduction algorithms, S2PLS not only can improve the prediction accuracy of the samples but also enhance the generalization ability of the model. Meanwhile, it can obtain better results even there are only a few or no labeled samples. Experimental results on five UCI data sets also confirmed the above properties of S2PLS algorithm.
Molecular self-assembly of porphyrin and BODIPY chromophores connected with diphenylalanine moieties
Authors: Nikoloudakis Emmanouil , Orphanos Emmanouil , Agapaki Eleni , Nikolaou Vasilis , Charisiadis Asterios , Charalambidis Georgios , Mitraki Anna , Coutsolelos Athanassios G.
Published: November 2019

In this study, a series of diphenylalanine tetra-substituted porphyrin derivatives were synthesized and their self-assembly ability was extensively studied. Apart from investigating the impact of incorporating many peptide moieties onto a porphyrin molecule; another perspective was investigated as well, namely the connection of two different chromophore entities (porphyrin and BODIPY) onto the same diphenylalanine molecule. Interestingly, various supra-molecular nanostructures were observed depending on the solvent mixture as well as the protecting group of the peptides, namely spheres, plaques and fibrils. The obtained self-assemblies were studied via UV-vis absorption and emission spectroscopies. Mainly red shifting was observed, indicating the formation of [Formula: see text]-aggregates in the self-assembled state. However, in one case a blue shifted UV-vis spectrum was obtained suggesting the formation of [Formula: see text]-type aggregates. Concerning the porphyrin-diphenylalanine-BODIPY derivative, additional fluorescence studies were performed in order to examine a possible interaction between the two chromophores in the excited state. Indeed, the emission measurements indicated that upon photo-excitation of the BODIPY entity, a very efficient energy or electron transfer process takes place from the BODIPY molecule to the porphyrin macrocycle.
Incorporating two coupling noises into a nonlinear competitive system with saturation effect
Authors: Hu Jing , Liu Zhijun
Published: November 2019

In this paper, a novel stochastic two-species competitive system with saturation effect is formulated, in which there exist two noise resources and their coupling mode is relatively complex and every noise source has effect on the intrinsic growth rates of both species. With the help of some suitable Lyapunov functions, sufficient conditions for stochastic permanence are established as exponential extinction, extinction, permanence in time average and asymptotic pathwise estimation of system. The effect of coupling noise on the asymptotic behaviors of the populations is shown.
Minimum description length revisited
Authors: Grünwald Peter , Roos Teemu
Published: November 2019

This is an up-to-date introduction to and overview of the Minimum Description Length (MDL) Principle, a theory of inductive inference that can be applied to general problems in statistics, machine learning and pattern recognition. While MDL was originally based on data compression ideas, this introduction can be read without any knowledge thereof. It takes into account all major developments since 2007, the last time an extensive overview was written. These include new methods for model selection and averaging and hypothesis testing, as well as the first completely general definition of MDL estimators. Incorporating these developments, MDL can be seen as a powerful extension of both penalized likelihood and Bayesian approaches, in which penalization functions and prior distributions are replaced by more general luckiness functions, average-case methodology is replaced by a more robust worst-case approach, and in which methods classically viewed as highly distinct, such as AIC versus BIC and cross-validation versus Bayes can, to a large extent, be viewed from a unified perspective.
Maternal Smoking Highly Affects the Function, Membrane Integrity, and Rheological Properties in Fetal Red Blood Cells
Authors: Dugmonits Krisztina N. , Chakraborty Payal , Hollandi Réka , Zahorán Szabolcs , Pankotai-Bodó Gabriella , Horváth Péter , Orvos Hajnalka , Hermesz Edit
Published: November 2019

An understanding of the basic pathophysiological mechanisms of neonatal diseases necessitates detailed knowledge about the wide range of complications in the circulating fetal RBCs. Recent publications on adult red blood cells (RBCs) provide evidence that RBCs carry an active nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) enzyme and contribute to vascular functioning and integrity via their active nitric oxide synthesis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of maternal smoking on the phenotypical appearance and functionality of fetal RBCs, based on morphological and molecular studies. We looked for possible links between vascular dysfunction and NOS3 expression and activation and its regulation by arginase (ARG1). Significant morphological and functional differences were found between fetal RBCs isolated from the arterial cord blood of neonates born to nonsmoking (RBC-NS,n=62) and heavy-smoking (RBC-S,n=51) mothers. Morphological variations were quantified by Advanced Cell Classifier, microscopy-based intelligent analysis software. To investigate the relevance of the newly suggested “erythrocrine” function in fetal RBCs, we measured the levels of NOS3 and its phosphorylation in parallel with the level of ARG1, as one of the major influencers of NOS3 dimerization, by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Fetal RBCs, even the “healthy-looking” biconcave-shaped type, exhibited impaired NOS3 activation in the RBC-S population, which was paralleled with elevated ARG1 level, thus suggesting an increased redox burden. Our molecular data indicate that maternal smoking can exert marked effects on the circulating fetal RBCs, which could have a consequence on the outcome of in utero development. We hypothesize that any endothelial dysfunction altering NO production/bioavailability can be sensed by circulating fetal RBCs. Hence, we are putting forward the idea that neonatal RBC could serve as a real-time sensor for not only monitoring RBC-linked anomalies but also predicting the overall status of the vascular microenvironment.
Goal-Directed vs Traditional Approach to Intraoperative Fluid Therapy during Open Major Bowel Surgery: Is There a Difference?
Authors: Sujatha Prabhu P. , Nileshwar Anitha , Krishna H. M. , Prasad S. S. , Prabhu Manjunath , Kamath Shobha U.
Published: November 2019

Introduction. Optimum perioperative fluid therapy is important to improve the outcome of the surgical patient. This study prospectively compared goal-directed intraoperative fluid therapy with traditional fluid therapy in general surgical patients undergoing open major bowel surgery. Methodology. Patients between 20 and 70 years of age, either gender, ASA I and II, and scheduled for elective open major bowel surgery were included in the study. Patients who underwent laparoscopic and other surgeries were excluded. After routine induction of general anaesthesia, the patients were randomised to either the control group (traditional fluid therapy), the FloTrac group (based on stroke volume variation), or the PVI group (based on pleth variability index). Fluid input and output, recovery characteristics, and complications were noted. Results. 306 patients, with 102 in each group, were enrolled. Five patients (control (1), FloTrac (2), and PVI (2)) were inoperable and were excluded. Demographic data, ASA PS, anaesthetic technique, duration of surgery, and surgical procedures were comparable. The control group received significantly more crystalloids (3200 ml) than the FloTrac (2000 ml) and PVI groups (1875 ml), whereas infusion of colloids was higher in the FloTrac (400–700 ml) and PVI (200–500 ml) groups than in the control group (0–500 ml). The control group had significantly positive net fluid balance intraoperatively (2500 ml, 9 ml/kg/h) compared to the FloTrac (1515 ml, 5.4 ml/kg/h) and PVI (1420 ml, 6 ml/kg/h) groups. Days to ICU stay, HDU stay, return of bowel movement, oral intake, morbidity, duration of hospital stay, and survival rate were comparable. The total number of complications was not different between the three groups. Anastomotic leaks occurred more often in the Control group than in the others, but the numbers were small. Conclusions. Use of goal-directed fluid management, either with FloTrac or pleth variability index results in a lower volume infusion and lower net fluid balance. However, the complication rate is similar to that of traditional fluid therapy. This trial is registered with CTRI/2018/04/013016.
Survey of Traveler’s Diarrhea: Epidemiology and Testing Reveal the Source
Authors: Gao Zhenguo , Mahe Muti , Tuohetamu Shabiremu , Li Fang , Zhang Jian , Xia Yidan , Sun Xiaona , Naerkezi Abuzhalihan , Huang Ruifang , Liu Hongbin , Ni Daxin , Zhang Rong
Published: November 2019

Objective. <?tex id="Q1" staff-cmt="It is very important for the corresponding author to have a linked ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) account on MTS. To register a linked ORCID account, please go to the Account Update page (http://mts.hindawi.com/update/) in our Manuscript Tracking System and after you have logged in click on the ORCID link at the top of the page. This link will take you to the ORCID website where you will be able to create an account for yourself. Once you have done so, your new ORCID will be saved in our Manuscript Tracking System automatically."?>To understand the causes and transmission routes of, as well as risk factors, for a Salmonella outbreak in a tour group. Method. A retrospective cohort design was used to conduct an epidemiological field investigation. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, bacterial culture, and serological identification methods were used for pathogen detection and identification. Result. There were 7 cases of illness, and the attack rate was 46.67%. The onset date was concentrated on May 9 and 10. All cases were found in the tour group, and no cases occurred in the nontour group. The results of this retrospective cohort study showed that the consumption of boiled eggs for breakfast on May 9 was a common factor (R2 = 6.67, P=0.023). Salmonella enteritidis was identified from the patients’ stool and vomit. Conclusion. The food poisoning epidemic was caused by Salmonella enteritidis. In the summer and autumn, attention should be paid to preservation, processing, and cooking of food to avoid bacterial contamination. To prevent sickness, travelers should know the disease prevalence at their destinations in advance.
Patterns and Prognostic Value of Lymph Node Metastasis on Distant Metastasis and Survival in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Study, 2006–2015
Authors: Xu Yali , Huang Taoyuan , Fan Liqin , Jin Wei , Chen Xiaoming , Chen Jinhai
Published: November 2019

This study was conducted to identify factors associated with lymph node (LN) metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients, analyze node distribution patterns, and explore the prognostic value of the LN metastasis level for survival. We included 2994 patients with primary NPC diagnosed between 2006 and 2015 with information in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients’ demographic and clinicopathologic features were compared according to LN status using chi-squared tests. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method, and the differences were estimated by log-rank tests. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate independent risk factors for OS and CSS. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk of each LN metastasis category for distant metastasis. There were 695 patients in the N0 stage and 2299 with LN metastasis (classified as stage N1, N2, or N3). The overall incidence of LN metastasis was 76.8%. Sex and T stage were not associated with LN metastasis. Older patients had a significantly worse 5-year OS and CSS than younger patients. In terms of histologic type, keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma had the lowest 5-year OS and CSS at 48.2% and 53.8%, respectively. The most common nodal involvement level was II (65.9%), followed by III (29.1%), V (25.6%), I (17.6%), IV (15.7%), and retropharynx (13.5%). The skip metastasis rate was 5.7% (130/2299). Patients with only level II metastasis (classified as level 2) was the most common category, accounting for 30%. Compared to level 2, patients with only level I (classified as level 1) had an OR of 2.101 (95% CI: 1.090–4.047, P=0.027) for distant metastasis, patients with simultaneous levels II, III, IV, and V (classified as levels 2345) had the highest OR of 4.064 (95% CI: 2.155–7.666, P<0.001) for distant metastasis, and level 24 had an OR of 3.003 (95% CI: 1.074–8.395, P=0.036) for distant metastasis. In survival analysis, levels 235 had a significant HR of 1.708 (95% CI: 1.089–2.678, P=0.020) for CSS compared to level 2 after adjustment for age, sex, race, histology, TNM (tumor, node, and metastasis) stage, and treatment.
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Rotor Rub‐Impact System
Authors: Zhu Youfeng , Wang Zibo , Wang Qiang , Liu Xinhua , Zang Hongyu , Wang Liang
Published: November 2019

A dynamic model of a double‐disk rub‐impact rotor‐bearing system with rubbing fault is established. The dynamic differential equation of the system is solved by combining the numerical integration method with MATLAB. And the influence of rotor speed, disc eccentricity, and stator stiffness on the response of the rotor‐bearing system is analyzed. In the rotor system, the time history diagram, the axis locus diagram, the phase diagram, and the Poincaré section diagram in different rotational speeds are drawn. The characteristics of the periodic motion, quasiperiodic motion, and chaotic motion of the system in a given speed range are described in detail. The ways of the system entering and leaving chaos are revealed. The transformation and evolution process of the periodic motion, quasiperiodic motion, and chaotic motion are also analyzed. It shows that the rotor system enters chaos by the way of the period‐doubling bifurcation. With the increase of the eccentricity, the quasi‐periodicity evolution is chaotic. The quasiperiodic motion evolves into the periodic three motion phenomenon. And the increase of the stator stiffness will reduce the chaotic motion period.
Comparison of MRI and Histopathology with regard to Intramedullary Extent of Disease in Bone Sarcomas
Authors: Gulia Ashish , Puri Ajay , Subi T. S. , Gupta Srinath M. , Juvekar S. L. , Rekhi Bharat
Published: November 2019

In today’s era, limb salvage surgery is the procedure of choice and current standard of care in appropriately selected patients of bone sarcomas. For adequate oncologic clearance, preoperative evaluation of the extent of tumor is mandatory. The present study was done to compare measurements of bone sarcomas (osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma) as determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the histopathological extent seen on resected specimens. We prospectively evaluated 100 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of bone sarcoma who underwent limb salvage surgery between May 2014 and December 2014. The maximum longitudinal (cranio-caudal) dimension of tumor on the noncontrast T1-WI sequence of MRI (irrespective of whether it was pre/postchemotherapy) was compared with the gross dimensions of the tumor on histopathology. The arithmetic mean difference, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Spearman’s correlation analysis were used to test the differences and correlation between groups. Mean tumor size on MRI based on the largest extent on MRI was 12.1 ± 4.85 cm (mean ± standard deviation), while it was 10.77 ± 4.6 cm (mean ± standard deviation) on histopathology. In 79 cases, MRI overestimated the extent of disease; the mean was 1.79 cm with a standard deviation of 1.56 cm. When the disease extent was underestimated on MRI (13 cases), the mean was 0.58 cm with a standard deviation of 0.43 cm. In 8 cases (osteosarcoma (7), Ewing’s sarcoma (1)), MRI measurement was equal to histopathology. The Spearman correlation analysis showed a high correlation of tumor length on histopathology with the MRI for all patients (R = 0.948, P<0.0001). We thus conclude that MRI is accurate in delineating the extent of bone sarcomas. A margin of 2 cm from the maximum tumor extent is adequate to ensure appropriate surgical resection.