bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Freshwater turtle bycatch research supports science‐based fisheries management
Authors: Larocque Sarah M. , Lake Colin , Midwood Jonathan D. , Nguyen Vivian M. , Blouin‐Demers Gabriel , Cooke Steven J.
Published: September 2020

Although it is sometimes difficult for researchers to ensure that their work is used by resource managers to make informed decisions, an example where this knowledge–action gap has been breached is in research published inAquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems(AQC) – among other journals – that has assisted fisheries managers in identifying strategies for reducing freshwater turtle bycatch in commercial hoop net fisheries in Ontario, Canada.

Research published in AQC has provided evidence towards a simple and effective method for preventing turtle bycatch mortality in hoop nets, which could be adopted by the fishers. Other research published in AQC evaluated the effect of bycatch mortality on the probability of persistence of turtle populations with population viability analyses, and outlined the need to minimize bycatch mortality to prevent local extirpation. Nine other papers have been published on freshwater turtle bycatch in Ontario, furthering our knowledge on this issue including seasonality and temperature effects on catches, other net modifications, post‐release effects and assisted recovery, and the perspectives of fishers.

The research results were presented to local resource managers with further discussions involving industry and stakeholders to minimize turtle bycatch mortality. Over several years, researchers have provided information to resource managers; however, when an incident of high turtle mortality caught the public eye, the research was readily available and changes in regulations were quick to occur.

Reasonably good communication among researchers, resource managers, industry, stakeholders, and the broader public allowed the rapid implementation of regulations to mitigate freshwater turtle bycatch mortality and bridged the knowledge–action gap between researchers and resource managers.

Both articles published in AQC had practical conservation impacts and were influential in providing local resource managers with feasible solutions, and the impetus to change regulations. These impacts extended to other jurisdictions and their monitoring programmes, where methods to reduce turtle bycatch mortality were also implemented.
Biscoumarin–pyrimidine conjugates as potent anticancer agents and binding mechanism of hit candidate with human serum albumin
Authors: Reddy Dinesh S. , Kongot Manasa , Singh Vishal , Siddiquee Md. Abrar , Patel Rajan , Singhal Nitin K. , Avecilla Fernando , Kumar Amit
Published: September 2020

In our continuing efforts to develop therapeutically active coumarin‐based compounds, a series of new C4–C4′ biscoumarin–pyrimidine conjugates (1a–l) was synthesized via SN2 reaction of substituted 4‐bromomethyl coumarin with thymine. All compounds were characterized using spectroscopic techniques, that is, attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR‐IR), CHN elemental analysis, and 1H and 13C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). In addition, the structure of compound 1d (1,3‐bis[(7‐chloro‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐4‐yl)methyl]‐5‐methylpyrimidine‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione) was established through X‐ray crystallography. Compounds 1a–l were screened for in vitro anticancer activity against C6 rat glioma cells. Among the screened compounds, 1,3‐bis[(6‐chloro‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐4‐yl)methyl]‐5‐methylpyrimidine‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione (1c) was identified as the best antiproliferative candidate, exhibiting an IC50 value of 4.85 μM. All the compounds (1a–l) were found to be nontoxic toward healthy human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293), indicating their selective nature. In addition, the most active compound (1c) displayed strong binding interactions with the drug carrier protein, human serum albumin, and exhibited good solution stability at biological pH conditions. Fluorescence, UV–visible spectrophotometry and molecular modeling methodologies were employed for studying the interaction mechanism of compound 1c with protein.
Bovine β‐casein binding studies of a Schiff base ligand: fluorescence and circular dichroism approaches
Authors: Sarreshtehdari Nooshin , Mohseni‐Shahri Fatemeh S. , Moeinpour Farid
Published: September 2020

In this study, a Schiff base derived from a heterocyclic moiety was synthesized and characterized. The in vitro binding behaviour of this ligand with β‐casein (β‐CN) was investigated using biophysical techniques. For evaluation, thermodynamics variables of interactions between the Schiff base ligand and β‐CN, such as fluorescence at different temperatures, were measured. The results showed that the Schiff base ligand possessed considerable associated binding to β‐CN and that the procedure was enthalpy driven. The β‐CN conformation was also changed to give a further unfolded structure. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer was used to estimate the interval between donor (β‐CN) and acceptor (Schiff base ligand). All these experimental results proposed that β‐CN might act as carrier protein for the Schiff base ligand to deliver it to the target molecules.
Vitamin D supplementation improves anxiety but not depression symptoms in patients with vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Zhu Cuizhen , Zhang Yu , Wang Ting , Lin Yezhe , Yu Jiakuai , Xia Qingrong , Zhu Peng , Zhu Dao‐min
Published: September 2020

Objective

Epidemiological evidence indicated a relationship between vitamin D (VD) and depression with anxiety, but their therapeutic relationship has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to examine whether VD supplementation would relieve symptoms in patients with depression and anxiety with low serum 25‐hydroxy VD [25(OH) D] levels.

Method

Participants with low 25(OH)D levels were randomized to control or daily VD group and were followed up for 6 months. Serum concentrations of 25(OH) D were measured using commercial kits. Psychological symptoms were evaluated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale‐17 (HAMD‐17), Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (RSAS), Revised Physical Anhedonia scale (RPAS), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale‐14 (HAMA‐14). The trial was listed in the trial registration (http://www.medresman.org.cn/uc/index.aspx; NTR number: ChiCTR2000030130).

Results

In this clinical population, no significant difference in depression symptoms was detected between VD group and control group at both baseline and at the endpoint of our study. The HAMD‐17, RSAS, and RPAS scores did not change significantly between VD and control groups from baseline to endpoint (all p > .05). However, there was a significant difference in time effect of the total HAMA‐14 scores between the two groups (β [95% Cl] = −2.235 [−3.818, −0.653], p = .006).

Conclusions

Vitamin D supplementation could improve the anxiety symptoms but not depressive symptoms in depressive patients with low VD level after the 6‐month intervention.
An Iodinated DAPI‐Based Reagent for Mass Cytometry
Authors: Rana Rahul , Chang Qing , Bassan Jay , Chow Sue , Hedley David , Nitz Mark
Published: September 2020

Multiparametric single‐cell analysis has seen dramatic improvements with the introduction of mass cytometry (MC) and imaging mass cytometry (IMC™). These technologies expanded the number of biomarkers that can be identified simultaneously by using heavy‐isotope‐tagged antibody reagents. Small‐molecule probes bearing heavy isotopes are emerging as additional useful functional reporters of cellular features. Realizing this, we explored the iodination of DAPI to produce a heavy‐atom‐substituted derivative of the commonly used fluorescent DNA stain. Although exhibiting a drastically reduced fluorescence emission profile, I‐DAPI retains strong binding affinity for DNA. I‐DAPI was used to detect cellular DNA in MC and IMC™ assays with comparable efficiency to known Ir‐containing DNA intercalators. This work suggests repurposing well‐known colorimetric stains through simple reactions could be an effective strategy to develop new, functional MC and IMC™ reagents.
Butane Dry Reforming Catalyzed by Cobalt Oxide Supported on Ti2AlC MAX Phase
Authors: Ronda‐Lloret Maria , Marakatti Vijaykumar S. , Sloof Willem G. , Delgado Juan José , Sepúlveda‐Escribano Antonio , Ramos‐Fernandez Enrique V. , Rothenberg Gadi , Shiju N. Raveendran
Published: September 2020

MAX (Mn+1AXn) phases are layered carbides or nitrides with a high thermal and mechanical bulk stability. Recently, it was shown that their surface structure can be modified to form a thin non‐stoichiometric oxide layer, which can catalyze the oxidative dehydrogenation of butane. Here, the use of a Ti2AlC MAX phase as a support for cobalt oxide was explored for the dry reforming of butane with CO2, comparing this new catalyst to more traditional materials. The catalyst was active and selective to synthesis gas. Although the surface structure changed during the reaction, the activity remained stable. Under the same conditions, a titania‐supported cobalt oxide catalyst gave low activity and stability due to the agglomeration of cobalt oxide particles. The Co3O4/Al2O3 catalyst was active, but the acidic surface led to a faster deactivation. The less acidic surface of the Ti2AlC was better at inhibiting coke formation. Thanks to their thermal stability and acid‐base properties, MAX phases are promising supports for CO2 conversion reactions.
Reduction of hypoglycaemia, lifestyle modifications and psychological distress during lockdown following SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Caruso Irene , Di Molfetta Sergio , Guarini Francesca , Giordano Fiorella , Cignarelli Angelo , Natalicchio Annalisa , Perrini Sebastio , Leonardini Anna , Giorgino Francesco , Laviola Luigi
Published: September 2020

Aims

To assess changes in glucose metrics and their association with psychological distress and lifestyle changes in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using flash glucose monitoring (FGM) during lockdown following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 outbreak.

Materials and methods

Single‐centre, observational, retrospective study enrolling T1D patients who attended a remote visit on April 2020 at the Endocrinology division of the University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale, Bari, Italy. Lockdown‐related changes in physical activity level and dietary habits were assessed on a semi‐quantitative basis. Changes in general well‐being were assessed by the General Health Questionnaire‐12 items with a binary scoring system. Glucose metrics were obtained from the Libreview platform for the first 2 weeks of February 2020 (T0) and the last 2 weeks before the phone visit (T1).

Results

Out of 84 patients assessed for eligibility, 48 had sufficient FGM data to be included in the analysis. FGM data analysis revealed significant reductions in coefficient of variation, number of hypoglycaemic events, and time below range, while no changes were found in time in range, time above range, mean sensor glucose, and glucose management indicator. Moreover, the frequency of sweets consumption was inversely related to the occurrence of hypoglycaemic events during lockdown.

Conclusions

Lockdown‐related lifestyle changes, albeit unhealthy, may lead to reduction in FGM‐derived measures of hypoglycaemia and glycaemic variability in patients with T1D.
Edge‐to‐edge tricuspid valve repair for severe tricuspid regurgitation 20 years after cardiac transplantation
Authors: Misumida Naoki , Steidley D. Eric , Eleid Mackram F.
Published: September 2020

Tricuspid valve regurgitation in orthotopic heart transplant recipients is common. Surgical corrections have been the mainstay of the treatment for diuretic‐refractory heart failure due to severe tricuspid regurgitation. However, post‐transplant patients inherently carry higher surgical risk owing to previous sternotomy and immunocompromised state. We report a case of successful percutaneous edge‐to‐edge tricuspid valve repair for severe tricuspid regurgitation after cardiac transplantation. A 27‐year‐old man with a history of idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy status after orthotopic heart transplant presented with severe right‐sided heart failure symptoms. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed bi‐atrial enlargement and moderate‐to‐severe tricuspid regurgitation, and an increase to the severe range with exercise. Percutaneous edge‐to‐edge tricuspid valve repair was performed. The patient's symptoms improved, and follow‐up echocardiogram showed mild tricuspid regurgitation. Percutaneous tricuspid valve repair can be considered as an alternative option to conventional surgery for symptomatic severe tricuspid regurgitation in orthotopic heart transplant recipients with suitable anatomy.
A cluster analysis of purging disorder: Validation analyses with eating disorder symptoms, general psychopathology and personality
Authors: Krug Isabel , Granero Roser , Giles Sarah , Riesco Nadine , Agüera Zaida , Sánchez Isabel , Jiménez‐Murcia Susana , del Pino‐Gutierrez Amparo , Codina Ester , Baenas Isabel , Valenciano‐Mendoza Eduardo , Menchón Jose M. , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To assess the natural grouping of Purging Disorder (PD) patients based on purging symptomatology and to evaluate the derived classes (a) against each other and (b) to a control group on a range of clinical and psychological measures.

Method

Participants included 223 PD women consecutively admitted to a tertiary ED treatment centre and 822 controls. Purging behaviours (self‐induced vomiting, laxative and diuretic use) were used as indicators, while the EDI‐2 (ED symptoms), the SCL‐90‐R (general psychopathology), and the TCI‐R (personality traits) were used as validators.

Results

Three distinct PD clusters emerged: Cluster 1 (only self‐induced vomiting), Cluster 2 (self‐induced vomiting and laxative use) and Cluster 3 (all purging methods). Significant differences between Cluster 1 and Cluster 3 were found for the EDI‐2 drive for thinness and perfectionism subscales, and the TCI‐persistence scale. All clusters differed significantly from the controls on all the EDI‐2 and the SCL‐90‐R scales, but findings for the TCI‐R scales were less consistent.

Conclusions

This study adds to a growing literature on the validity and distinctiveness of PD and provides evidence of dimensional symptom differences amongst PD clusters.
The Gut Microbial Community Structure of the North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis) in the Alberta Oil Sands Region in Canada: Relationship with Local Environmental Variables and Metal Body Burden
Authors: Guo Galen , Eccles Kristin M. , McMillan Morgan , Thomas Philippe J. , Chan Hing Man , Poulain Alexandre J.
Published: September 2020

The Alberta Oil Sands Region in Canada is home to one of the largest oil bitumen deposits in the world. The North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) is a top predator with a small home range and is sensitive to disturbances; it has been designated as a sentinel species for the potential impacts of the natural resource exploitation on freshwater ecosystems in the Alberta Oil Sands Region. With an increasing interest in noninvasive biomarkers, recent studies suggest that gut microbiota can be used as a potential biomarker of early biological effects on aquatic wildlife. The goal of the present study was to determine the river otter gut microbial structure related to environmental variables characterizing mining activities and metal body burden. We obtained 18 trapped animals from and surrounding the surface mineable area of the Alberta Oil Sands Region. The gut microbial community structure was characterized using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicon analyses. Trace metal concentrations in the liver were measured by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Our study revealed that the gut bacteria of river otters in the Alberta Oil Sands Region clustered in 4 groups dominated by Peptostreptococcaceae, Carnobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Nostocaceae. We show that arsenic, barium, rubidium, liver-body weight ratio, and δ15N were associated with each cluster. When comparing affected versus less affected sites, we show that river otter gut bacterial community and structure are significantly related to trophic level of the river otter but not to Alberta Oil Sands Region mining activities. Our study reveals that the gut bacterial dynamics can provide insights into the diet and habitat use of river otters but that more work is needed to use it as a pollution biomarker. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2516–2526. © 2020 SETAC
A UK survey of COVID‐19 related social support closures and their effects on older people, people with dementia, and carers
Authors: Giebel Clarissa , Lord Kathryn , Cooper Claudia , Shenton Justine , Cannon Jacqueline , Pulford Daniel , Shaw Lisa , Gaughan Anna , Tetlow Hilary , Butchard Sarah , Limbert Stan , Callaghan Steve , Whittington Rosie , Rogers Carol , Komuravelli Aravind , Rajagopal Manoj , Eley Ruth , Watkins Caroline , Downs Murna , Reilly Siobhan , Ward Kym , Corcoran Rhiannon , Bennett Kate , Gabbay Mark
Published: September 2020

Objectives

The aim of this national survey was to explore the impact of COVID‐19 public health measures on access to social support services and the effects of closures of services on the mental well‐being of older people and those affected by dementia.

Methods

A UK‐wide online and telephone survey was conducted with older adults, people with dementia, and carers between April and May 2020. The survey captured demographic and postcode data, social support service usage before and after COVID‐19 public health measures, current quality of life, depression, and anxiety. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between social support service variations and anxiety and well‐being.

Results

Five hundred and sixty‐nine participants completed the survey (61 people with dementia, 285 unpaid carers, and 223 older adults). Paired samples t‐tests and X2‐tests showed that the mean hour of weekly social support service usage and the number of people having accessed various services was significantly reduced post COVID‐19. Multiple regression analyses showed that higher variations in social support service hours significantly predicted increased levels of anxiety in people with dementia and older adults, and lower levels of mental well‐being in unpaid carers and older adults.

Conclusions

Being unable to access social support services due to COVID contributed to worse quality of life and anxiety in those affected by dementia and older adults across the UK. Social support services need to be enabled to continue providing support in adapted formats, especially in light of continued public health restrictions for the foreseeable future.
Oral Vancomycin, Ursodeoxycholic Acid, or No Therapy for Pediatric Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Matched Analysis
Authors: Deneau Mark R. , Mack Cara , Mogul Douglas , Perito Emily R. , Valentino Pamela L. , Amir Achiya Z. , DiGuglielmo Matthew , Draijer Laura G. , El‐Matary Wael , Furuya Katryn N. , Gupta Nitika , Hochberg Jessica T. , Horslen Simon , Jensen M. Kyle , Jonas Maureen M. , Kerkar Nanda , Koot Bart G.P. , Laborda Trevor J. , Lee Christine K. , Loomes Kathleen M. , Martinez Mercedes , Miethke Alexander , Miloh Tamir , Mohammad Saeed , Ovchinsky Nadia , Rao Girish , Ricciuto Amanda , Sathya Pushpa , Schwarz Kathleen B. , Shah Uzma , Singh Ruchi , Vitola Bernadette , Zizzo Andréanne , Guthery Stephen L.
Published: September 2020

Background and Aims

Many children with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) receive oral vancomycin therapy (OVT) or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). There is a paucity of data on whether these medications improve outcomes.

Approach and Results

We analyzed retrospective data from the Pediatric PSC Consortium. Children treated with OVT were matched 1:1:1 to those treated with UDCA or managed with observation (no treatment) based on the closest propensity score, ensuring similar baseline characteristics. Two hundred sixty‐four patients (88 each with OVT, UDCA, or observation) had matching propensity scores and were similar in demographics, phenotype, immunosuppression, baseline biochemistry, and hepatic fibrosis. After 1 year in an intention‐to‐treat analysis, all outcome metrics were similar regardless of treatment group. In OVT, UDCA, and untreated groups, respectively: Gamma‐glutamyltransferase normalized in 53%, 49%, and 52% (P = not significant [NS]), liver fibrosis stage was improved in 20%, 13%, and 18% and worsened in 11%, 29%, and 18% (P = NS), and the 5‐year probability of liver transplant listing was 21%, 10%, and 12% (P = NS). Favorable outcome was associated with having a mild phenotype of PSC and minimal hepatic fibrosis.

Conclusions

We presented the largest‐ever description of outcomes on OVT in PSC and compared them to carefully matched patients on UDCA or no therapy. Neither OVT nor UDCA showed improvement in outcomes compared to a strategy of observation. Patients progressed to end‐stage liver disease at similar rates. Spontaneous normalization of biochemistry is common in children receiving no therapy, particularly in the majority of children with a mild phenotype and an early stage of disease. Placebo‐controlled treatment trials are needed to identify effective treatments for pediatric PSC.
Experimental investigation and COMSOL modeling for different geometrical configurations of extended surfaces
Authors: Ali Jamal M. , Sultan Abbas J. , Kadhim Bashar J.
Published: September 2020

The current work presents and analyzes an experimental and three‐dimensional COMSOL simulation to address and quantify the influence of different geometric cross‐sectional shapes and types of materials (ie, brass and stainless steel) on the thermal performance of extended surfaces. Three cross‐sectional shapes (ie, circular, square, and hexagonal) were examined under various base temperatures (ie, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C). Additionally, two types of fin materials, brass and stainless steel, were investigated to address the impact of thermal conductivity on the temperature distribution, local heat transfer coefficient, heat dissipation rate, efficiency, and effectiveness of extended surfaces. The experimental results showed a significant increase in the heat transfer coefficient and heat dissipation rates for hexagonal brass fins over other shapes and stainless steel fins. The simulation results were validated with the experimental temperature distributions for different geometries and materials under differing operating conditions (ie, different base temperatures, with and without an insulated fin tip). The validation and evaluation of the current COMSOL simulation indicated that the simulated results had high accuracy, with less than a 6% deviation, compared with the experimental data. The current validated COMSOL model can serve as a useful tool to facilitate the design and optimization of fins under various design and operating parameters.
Transient solution of temperature field of conjugate laminar forced convection heat transfer in functionally graded hollow cylinder
Authors: Fadipe Opeyemi L. , Adelaja Adekunle O. , Olakoyejo Olabode T.
Published: September 2020

In this study, the numerical analysis of conjugate heat transfer of laminar flow in a functionally graded hollow cylinder (FGHC) made of metal/ceramic for a two‐dimensional fluid and wall conduction subject to Newton boundary condition is considered. The fluid and FGHC energy equations are coupled through the continuity of temperature and heat flux at the inner wall‐fluid interface while the outer surface is subject to convective heat transfer. The continuity, momentum, and energy equations of the fluid are discretized using the finite volume approach. The effects of fluid and functionally graded material parameters, such as volume fraction index, volume composition, time history, wall‐to‐fluid thermal diffusivity ratio, wall‐to‐fluid thermal conductivity ratio, Biot number, Peclet number, and Prandtl number are investigated on the temperature field in the FGHC. The result shows that on account of the inhomogeneity of the material property, the volume fraction index has a significant effect on the other parameters and the temperature variation along the thickness. The lower the volume fraction index, the higher the inner wall (metal side) temperature, and the temperature gradient along the thickness. However, except for the variation in the wall‐to‐fluid thermal conductivity ratio, the lower the volumetric fraction, the lower the outer wall (ceramic side) temperature distribution.
The intertwined path of perfectionism and self‐criticism in a client with obsessive‐compulsive personality disorder
Authors: Cheli Simone , MacBeth Angus , Popolo Raffaele , Dimaggio Giancarlo
Published: September 2020

Psychotherapy for obsessive‐compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), where perfectionism is a defining criterion, is understudied. Despite a high prevalence few evidence‐based treatments are available for the presentation. Here we describe the course of a 6‐month program of metacognitive interpersonal therapy with an OCPD patient with prominent perfectionism and self‐criticism, which were considered primary outcomes of the case study. Therapy aimed initially at increasing awareness of maladaptive interpersonal schemas and promoting a healthy self. First, behavioral experiments were used to try and counteract perfectionism. Second, experiential techniques, such as guided imagery and rescripting, were used to help the client in connect with different, healthier aspects of the self, thus increasing personal and interpersonal wellbeing. Qualitative and quantitative outcomes at the intervention end and at 1‐month follow‐up are summarized. Finally, we reflect on how this case study can inform treatment of perfectionism in OCPD.
Is context a crucial factor in distinguishing between intrusions and obsessions in patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder?
Authors: Llorens‐Aguilar Sara , García‐Soriano Gemma , Arnáez Sandra , Aardema Frederick , O'Connor Kieron
Published: September 2020

Objective

Some cognitive models of obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) posit that intrusions exist on a continuum with obsessions; others consider that they may be unrelated phenomena that differ in the context where they occur. We aimed to examine and compare, at two different moments, the context of the occurrence of intrusions and obsessions.

Method

Sixty‐eight patients with OCD completed an interview appraising their most upsetting obsession and intrusion.

Results

At their onset, the obsessions/intrusions were associated with experiencing negative emotional states and life events, and they were more likely to appear in “inappropriate” contexts. The context of the obsessions/intrusions differed the last time they were experienced. Autogenous obsessions/intrusions occurred more frequently in contexts with an indirect link.

Conclusions

The context distinguishes between intrusions and obsessions, not when they emerge, but when the obsession is already established. The results support that there is a continuum or progression from intrusions to obsessions.
Zinc supplementation alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress during porcine oocyte in vitro maturation by upregulating zinc transporters
Authors: Ridlo Muhammad Rosyid , Kim Geon A. , Taweechaipaisankul Anukul , Kim Eui Hyun , Lee Byeong Chun
Published: September 2020

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a major contributor to embryonic development failure. Mammalian oocytes have a high risk of exposure to cellular stress during in vitro embryo production. We investigated the effects of zinc supplementation during in vitro maturation under ER stress. We evaluated cumulus expansion, embryonic development derived by parthenogenetic activation, reactive oxygen species, protein expression of X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP1), and expression of genes related to ER stress. Supplementation with 1 μg/ml zinc significantly increased the nuclear maturation of oocytes, cleavage and blastocyst formation rates, and total blastocyst cell number (p < .05). Under ER stress, zinc significantly reduced protein expression of XBP1, and increased cleavage and blastocyst rates (p < .05). Concomitantly, zinc supplementation upregulated the expression of zinc transporters (SLC39A14 and SLC39A10), PTGS2, and downregulated ER stress‐related genes (sXBP1, uXBP1, ATF4, and PTPN1/PTP1B), and caspase 3. These results suggest that zinc supplementation alleviates ER stress by providing essential metal‐ion transporters for oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development.
Synthesis, spectrophotometric, voltammetric, and density functional theory studies of tetrahydro[3,2‐b]indolocarbazoles for sensing small molecules
Authors: Al‐Ahmed Zehbah Ali , Habib Ibrahim H. I. , Khattab Reham R. , Abdelhameed Reda M. , El‐Naggar Mohamed , Abu Bieh Moursi H. , Pisarevd Sergey A. , Voronkov Andrey , El Sayed Mardia T.
Published: September 2020

Absorption spectra of tetrahydro[3,2‐b]indolocarbazoles (THICZs) with respective molecular property and alkyl substituents have been prerecorded in diverse solvents in the scope between 200 and 600 nm for very fewer times in the literary study. The photo‐physical behavior of liquified THICZs belonging to the existence surroundings. The solvatochromic behaviors of THICZs and solvent substance physical phenomenon can be analyzed by implementation of linear solvating energy state conception. Compound 4 shows excellent properties for sensing small molecules. The electrochemical behavior of some THICZs was investigated at carbon paste electrode where two electrode reactions were involved, irreversible oxidation‐one electron transfer and quasi‐reversible redox reactions forming phenolic followed by quinolone moiety electro active species. The density functional theory which means calculated molecular orbital energies (B3LYP/6‐31G) and HOMO‐LUMO gap/space for some presented indolocarbazoles have been performed.
The fate of inverted limbus in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip: Clinical observation
Authors: Liu Jiahui , Zhou Weizheng , Li Lianyong , Zhang Lijun , Li Qiwei , Wang Enbo
Published: September 2020

In this study, we observed the fate of the inverted limbus after closed reduction for the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and its impact on acetabular development. Clinical data were reviewed for 26 DDH patients with an inverted or overriding limbus after closed reduction for hip dysplasia. Patients were divided into a residual inversion group (19 cases, 22 hips) and a spontaneous resolution group (7 cases, 7 hips) according to the limbus status at the last follow‐up. Differences in the osseous acetabular index (AI) and cartilaginous AI (CAI), the magnitude of limbus inversion, center‐edge angle (CEA), height‐to‐width index (HWI) of the femoral head epiphysis, and avascular necrosis (AVN) at last follow‐up were compared. There were no statistically significant differences in the preoperative AI and CAI between groups. The magnitude of limbus inversion after reduction and the AI at the final follow‐up in the residual inversion group were both larger than those in the spontaneous resolution group. The CAI, CEA, and HWI were not significantly different between groups. The magnitude of limbus inversion in the residual inversion group did not significantly decrease over time. AVN occurred in five hips in the residual inversion group. No cases of AVN occurred in the spontaneous resolution group. After closed reduction, the inverted limbus was not absorbed in the majority of cases; instead, it evolved into a thin layer of fibrous tissue embedded between the femoral head and acetabulum. This may delay the endochondral ossification of the acetabulum.
Testing the consistency of Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum spatial correlations in temperature proxy records
Authors: Reschke Maria , Kröner Igor , Laepple Thomas
Published: September 2020

Holocene temperature proxy records are commonly used in quantitative synthesis and model‐data comparisons. However, comparing correlations between time series from records collected in proximity to one another with the expected correlations based on climate model simulations indicates either regional or noisy climate signals in Holocene temperature proxy records. In this study, we evaluate the consistency of spatial correlations present in Holocene proxy records with those found in data from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Specifically, we predict correlations expected in LGM proxy records if the only difference to Holocene correlations would be due to more time uncertainty and more climate variability in the LGM. We compare this simple prediction to the actual correlation structure in the LGM proxy records. We found that time series data of ice‐core stable isotope records and planktonic foraminifera Mg/Ca ratios were consistent between the Holocene and LGM periods, while time series of Uk'37 proxy records were not as we found no correlation between nearby LGM records. Our results support the finding of highly regional or noisy marine proxy records in the compilation analysed here and suggest the need for further studies on the role of climate proxies and the processes of climate signal recording and preservation.
Expression ofBoNOLandBoHCARgenes during postharvest senescence of broccoli heads
Authors: Reyes Jara Andrea M , Gómez‐Lobato María E , Civello Pedro M , Martínez Gustavo A
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Chlorophyll is the most abundant pigment on Earth, essential for the capture of light energy during photosynthesis. During senescence, chlorophyll degradation is highly regulated in order to diminish toxicity of the free chlorophyll molecule due to its photoactivity. The first step in the chlorophyll degradation pathway is the conversion of chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a by means of two consecutive reactions catalyzed by enzymes coded byNYC1(NON‐YELLOW COLORING 1),NOL(NYC1‐LIKE) andHCAR.

RESULTS

In this work, we studied the expression ofNOLandHCARgenes during postharvest senescence of broccoli. We found that the expression ofBoNOLincrease during the first days of storage and then decrease. In the case ofBoHCAR, its expression is maintained during the first days and then it also diminishes. Additionally, the effect of different postharvest treatments on the expression of these genes was also analyzed. It was observed that the expression ofBoNOLis lower in the treatments performed with 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP), 6‐benzylaminopurine (6‐BAP) and modified atmospheres, whileBoHCARexpression showed an increase in these same treatments, and a decrease in the treatment with ethylene. There were no variations in the expression of both genes in heat treatment, UV‐C treatment and visible light treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest that bothBoHCARandBoNOLshow a lower regulation of their expression than other genes involved in chlorophyll degradation during senescence. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Networked Animal Telemetry in the Northwest Atlantic and Caribbean Waters
Authors: Bangley Charles W. , Whoriskey Frederick G. , Young Joy M. , Ogburn Matthew B.
Published: September 2020

Acoustic telemetry, in which transmitters projecting ultrasonic signals carrying unique identification codes are deployed on marine and aquatic animals and detected and logged by acoustic receivers, is becoming a common tool in fisheries science. Collaboration among researchers using this technology has led to the development of telemetry networks that are capable of detecting transmitters at coastwide and even continental scales through the combined coverage of all members’ receivers. Two grassroots telemetry networks in the northwest Atlantic and Caribbean, the Atlantic Cooperative Telemetry (ACT) Network and the FACT Network, began as small-scale efforts among neighboring researchers and have expanded to include shared databases of tagged animals along entire coastlines. A third telemetry network, the Ocean Tracking Network (OTN), has brought additional capacity to the ACT and FACT networks and has provided a focus for telemetry activities in Canadian waters. It has also improved the power and efficiency of telemetry research globally through collaborative, standardized methods for storing, sharing, and processing data. When used in combination with other data collected by traditional fishery research methods and emerging technologies, such as remote sensing and autonomous vehicles, data collected through acoustic telemetry networks can address fundamental but previously unanswered questions about key habitat areas and data-poor species and can yield new insights into the ecology of species that are thought to be well known. Here, we provide an overview of acoustic telemetry networks, including a history of the ACT Network, FACT Network, and OTN and a review of recent and current research that has been made possible through the connections enabled by these networks.
Carbon nanoparticles suspension injection for photothermal therapy of xenografted human thyroid carcinoma in vivo
Authors: Huang Yuanfang , Zeng Guangfu , Xin Qian , Yang Jinmei , Zeng Cheng , Tang Kexin , Yang Sheng‐Tao , Tang Xiaohai
Published: September 2020

Due to the unique structure, carbon nanomaterials could convert near‐infrared (NIR) light into heat efficiently in tumor ablation using photothermal therapy (PTT). Carbon nanoparticles suspension injection (CNSI) is a commercial imaging reagent for lymph node mapping. CNSI has similar structural characteristics to other carbon nanomaterials, and thus, might be applied as photothermal agent. Herein, we evaluated the photothermal conversion ability and therapeutic effects of CNSI on thyroid carcinoma. CNSI was composed by carbon nanoparticle cores and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 as the dispersion reagent. CNSI absorbed NIR light efficiently following the Lambert‐Beer law. The temperature of CNSI dispersion increased quickly under the NIR irradiation. CNSI killed the TCP‐1 thyroid carcinoma cells under 808 nm laser irradiation at 0.5 W/cm2, while CNSI or NIR irradiation treatment alone did not demonstrate this effect. Temperature increases were observed in tumor injected with CNSI under NIR irradiation. After three irradiation treatments, the tumor growth was completely blocked and the disruption of cellular structure was observed. When the tumor temperatures reached 53°C during treatment, the tumors did not recur within the observation period of 3 months. Our results suggested that CNSI might be used for PTT through “off label” use to benefit the patients immediately.
A Fluorescence‐Based Assay System for the Determination of Haloperoxidase‐Activity Using a Two‐Dimensional Calibration Ap‐proach
Authors: Fejzagić Alexander V. , Myllek Sebastian , Hogenkamp Fabian , Greb Julian , Pietruszka Jörg , Classen Thomas
Published: September 2020

Screening for an interesting biocatalyst and its subsequent kinetic characterization depends on a reliable activity assay. In this work, a fluorometric assay based on the halogenation of 4‐methyl‐7‐diethylamino‐coumarin was established to monitor haloperoxidase‐activity. Since haloperoxidases utilize hydrogen peroxide and halide ions to halogenate a broad range of substrates by releasing hypohalous acids, a direct quantification of haloperoxidase‐activity remains difficult. With the system presented here, 3‐bromo‐4‐methyl‐7‐diethylaminocoumarin is preferentially formed and monitored by fluorescence measurements. As starting material and product share similar spectroscopical properties, a two‐dimensional calibration ap‐proach was utilized to allow for quantification of each compound within a single measurement. To validate the system, the two‐dimensional Michaelis‐Menten kinetics of a vanadium‐dependent chloroperoxidase from Curvularia inaequalis were recorded, yielding the first overall kinetic parameters for this enzyme. With limits of detection and quantification in the low μm range, this assay may provide a reliable alternative system for the quantification of haloperoxidase‐activity.
Electrospun poly(l‐lactide) nanofibers coated with mineral trioxide aggregate enhance odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Sanaei‐rad Parisa , Jamshidi Davoud , Adel Mamak , Seyedjafari Ehsan
Published: September 2020

A combination of bioceramics and nanofibrous scaffolds holds promising potential for inducing of mineralization in connective tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the attachment, proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) on poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) nanofibers coated with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Polymeric scaffolds were fabricated via the electrospinning method and their surface was coated with MTA. DPSC were isolated from dental pulp and their biological behavior was evaluated on scaffolds and the control group using MTT assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, biomineralization and the expression of odontogenic genes were analyzed during odontogenic differentiation. Isolated DPSC showed spindle‐shaped morphology with multi‐lineage differentiation potential and were positive for CD73, CD90 and CD105. MTA‐coated PLLA (PLLA/MTA) exhibited nanofibrous structure with average fiber diameter of 756 ± 157 nm and interconnected pores and also suitable mechanical properties. Similar to MTA, these scaffolds were shown to be biocompatible and to support the attachment and proliferation of DPSC. ALP activity transiently peaked on day 14 and was significantly higher in PLLA/MTA scaffolds than in the control groups. In addition, increasing biomineralization was observed in all groups with a higher amount in PLLA/MTA. Odontogenic‐related genes, DSPP and collagen type I showed a higher expression in PLLA/MTA on days 21 and 14, respectively. Taken together, MTA/PLLA electrospun nanofibers enhanced the odontogenic differentiation of DPSC and showed the desired characteristics of a pulp capping material.
Prostate biopsy histopathologic features correlate with a commercial gene expression assay's reclassification of patient NCCN risk category
Authors: Greenland Nancy Y. , Cowan Janet E. , Chan Emily , Carroll Peter R. , Stohr Bradley A. , Simko Jeffry P.
Published: September 2020

Background

For biopsies with Gleason 3 + 3 = 6 or 3 + 4 = 7 prostate cancer, the Genomic Prostate Score (GPS; OncotypeDx) is designed to predict severe pathology at prostatectomy, and, in some cases, recommends reclassification of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) risk category. We hypothesized that certain histopathologic features that were not considered in the original design of the assay actually would be associated with the NCCN risk category change indicated by GPS testing.

Methods

For patients with recommended NCCN risk category change, the biopsy cores used for GPS were re‐reviewed for stromal reaction, chronic inflammation, and tumor nuclear polarization.

Results

Of 520 patients from May 2011 to December 2018, GPS testing suggested NCCN risk reclassification in 131 (25%); 127 of these slides were available. Of these, the NCCN risk category increased from intermediate to high in 8, low to intermediate in 15, very low to low in 1, and decreased from intermediate to low in 32, and low to very low in 71. Biopsies with NCCN risk increase were associated with moderate or severe stromal reaction (p < .001) and chronic inflammation (p < .001); biopsies with NCCN risk decrease were associated with absence of these features. In Gleason 3 + 3 = 6 cases (n = 93), presence of nuclear polarization was associated with NCCN risk decrease and its absence with increase (p < .001).

Conclusions

Moderate or severe stromal reaction, chronic inflammation, and lack of nuclear polarization in Gleason score 3 + 3 = 6 tumors were each associated with an increase in NCCN risk category indicated by GPS and vice versa. Our results suggest that GPS captures histologic features associated with aggressiveness that are not routinely assessed in standard histopathologic assessments, and that consideration of such histologic features may improve upon current tumor grading approaches.
Moving average distance as a predictor of equity returns
Authors: Avramov Doron , Kaplanski Guy , Subrahmanyam Avanidhar
Published: September 2020

The distance between short‐ and long‐run moving averages of prices (MAD) predicts future equity returns in the cross section. Annualized value‐weighted alphas from the accompanying hedge portfolios are around 9%, and the predictability goes beyond momentum, 52‐week highs, profitability, and other prominent anomalies. MAD‐based investment payoffs survive reasonable trading costs faced by institutions, and are stronger on the long side relative to the short counterpart.
Bilinear matrix inequality‐based nonquadratic controller design for polytopic‐linear parameter varying systems
Authors: Javanmardi Hamidreza , Dehghani Maryam , Mohammadi Mohsen , Vafamand Navid
Published: September 2020

This article proposes relaxed sufficient bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) conditions to design a gain‐scheduling controller for nonlinear systems described by polytopic‐linear parameter varying (LPV) representations. The obtained conditions are derived based on a nonquadratic Lyapunov function and a parallel distributed compensator scheme. The controller design procedure involves some novel null terms and leads to a BMI problem, which hardly has been solved in previous researches. Furthermore, to effectively solve the BMI conditions, a novel sequential approach is proposed which convert the overall BMI problem into linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints and some simpler BMI conditions with fewer dimensions than the original one. Initially, the LMI conditions are solved as a convex optimization problem. Second, the BMI terms are iteratively linearized near the feasible solutions of the LMIs and each solution candidates for the BMI constraints. Finally, the linearized condition is solved as an eigenvalue problem. To show the merits of the proposed approach, several numerical comparisons and simulations are provided.
Emotions in the doing of science: Exploring epistemic affect in elementary teachers' science research experiences
Authors: Davidson Shannon G. , Jaber Lama Z. , Southerland Sherry A.
Published: September 2020

A critical component to disciplinary engagement in science is that of epistemic affect—learning how tofeelas scientists do when engaged in their work. The emotional responses, feelings, and dispositions that emerge as one participates in the construction of knowledge are part and parcel to the experiences of scientists and, we argue, should be integral to the experiences of science learners—and their teachers—as well. As such, this study takes the position that teachers must have opportunities to encounter, understand, and appreciate the epistemic affect in science to support students in navigating their affect in the science classroom. Through analysis of field observations and semistructured interviews conducted during a 6‐week Research Experience for Teachers program, this study examines how four elementary teachers experience an epistemic affect over the course of their engagement in scientific research. The findings of the study highlight that engaging in science research afforded teachers rich opportunities to experience epistemic affect, ranging from frustration, perseverance, and ultimately pride in their work. We argue such firsthand affective experiences within professional development programs featuring participation in science research hold important implications for teachers' instructional practice and orientations to their students as thinkers, doers, and learners of science.