bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discriminating between true and false intent among small cells of suspects
Authors: Sooniste Tuule , Granhag Pär Anders , Strömwall Leif A. , Vrij Aldert
Published: June 2014

Purpose

Despite high potential value for real‐life situations, detecting true and false intentions by groups of suspects have not been previously investigated.

Method

The experimental study had a set‐up in which participants (N = 232), half in dyads and half in quartets, planned for either a mock crime or a non‐criminal event. In structured individual interviews, all participants were asked one set of questions targeting their intentions (anticipated questions) and one set of questions targeting the planning phase of the intentions (unanticipated questions). We scored the level of detail and consistency in participants' interview responses.

Results

As predicted, questions on the planning phase were perceived as unanticipated and difficult to answer by both liars and truth tellers. Truth tellers' answers to the question on intent were perceived as more detailed compared to the liars. Cells of truth tellers and liars achieved an equally high within‐group consistency for their answers to the questions on the stated intentions, whereas cells of truth tellers achieved a higher within‐group consistency for the answers to the questions on the planning phase. Finally, truth tellers' descriptions of their intentions contained more information related tohowto attain the stated goal, whereas liars gave more information related towhyit was necessary to attain the stated goal.

Conclusions

Asking anticipated and unanticipated questions can be a successful way of eliciting cues to true and false intentions among small cells of suspects.
Successful crossings with early flowering transgenic poplar: interspecific crossings, but not transgenesis, promoted aberrant phenotypes in offspring
Authors: Hoenicka Hans , Lehnhardt Denise , Nilsson Ove , Hanelt Dieter , Fladung Matthias
Published: June 2014

In forest tree species, the reproductive phase is reached only after many years or even decades of juvenile growth. Different early flowering systems based on the genetic transfer of heat‐shock promoter driven flowering‐time genes have been proposed for poplar; however, no fertile flowers were reported until now. Here, we studied flower and pollen development in both HSP::AtFT and wild‐type male poplar in detail and developed an optimized heat treatment protocol to obtain fertile HSP::AtFT flowers. Anthers from HSP::AtFT poplar flowers containing fertile pollen grains showed arrested development in stage 12 instead of reaching phase 13 as do wild‐type flowers. Pollen grains could be isolated under the binocular microscope and were used for intra‐ and interspecific crossings with wild‐type poplar. F1‐seedlings segregating the HSP::AtFT gene construct according to Mendelian laws were obtained. A comparison between intra‐ and interspecific crossings revealed that genetic transformation had no detrimental effects on F1‐seedlings. However, interspecific crossings, a broadly accepted breeding method, produced 47% seedlings with an aberrant phenotype. The early flowering system presented in this study opens new possibilities for accelerating breeding of poplar and other forest tree species. Fast breeding and the selection of transgene‐free plants, once the breeding process is concluded, can represent an attractive alternative even under very restrictive regulations.
Exploring natural selection to guide breeding for agriculture
Authors: Henry Robert James , Nevo Eviatar
Published: June 2014

Climate change threatens reduced crop production and poses major challenges to food security. The breeding of climate‐resilient crop varieties is increasingly urgent. Wild plant populations evolve to cope with changes in their environment due to the forces of natural selection. This adaptation may be followed over time in populations at the same site or explored by examining differences between populations growing in different environments or across an environmental gradient. Survival in the wild has important differences to the objective of agriculture to maximize crop yields. However, understanding the nature of adaptation in wild populations at the whole genome level may suggest strategies for crop breeding to deliver agricultural production with more resilience to climate variability.
Tuning Band Structures of Two-Dimensional Phononic Crystals With Biasing Fields
Authors: Huang Y. , Zhang C. L. , Chen W. Q.
Published: June 2014

The control of band structures of 2D phononic crystals (PCs) composed of piezoelectric inclusions and elastic isotropic matrix with mechanical/electrical biasing fields is theoretically investigated. The theory for small fields superposed on biasing fields and the plane wave expansion (PWE) method is employed to compute the band structures of the PCs under different biasing fields, including the initial shear/normal stress and the initial electric field. We find that the initial shear stress breaks the symmetry of the material. In consequence, the two bands associated with the level repulsion effect are opened near the apparent crosspoint and form a local band gap. On the other hand, the normal initial stress and the biasing electric field change the effective stiffness and shift the positions of band gaps. The observed phenomena show that the biasing fields can be flexibly used to tune the PC devices.
Fabrication and Tribological Functions of Microdent Arrays on Ti–6Al–4V Surface by Laser Shock Peening
Authors: Caslaru R. , Sealy M. P. , Guo Y. B. , Wei X. T.
Published: June 2014

Surface patterning has become a valuable technique for fabricating microdents, which may act as lubricant reservoirs to reduce friction and wear in sliding and rolling contact applications. In this paper, the use of laser shock peening (LSP) along with an automatic X–Y table proves to be an attractive and reliable method for producing microdent arrays with enhanced surface integrity. Surface topography and profiles of the fabricated microdent arrays on polished Ti–6Al–4V have been characterized. The effect of dent arrays with different density on friction reduction at low and high viscosity lubrication was investigated. An acoustic emission (AE) sensor was used to online monitor friction and wear processes. It was found that a surface with 10% dent density provides better effect in reducing coefficient of friction (CoF) than those of smooth surface and a surface with 20% dent density. It was shown that there is a strong correlation between AE energy signals and wear rate.
An Energy-Based Approach to Extract the Dynamic Instability Parameters of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
Authors: Joglekar M. M.
Published: June 2014

An energy-based approach is presented to extract the thresholds on the transient dynamic response of step voltage driven dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs). The proposed approach relies on establishing the energy balance at the point of maximum stretch in an oscillation cycle followed by the application of an instability condition to extract the dynamic instability parameters. Explicit expressions are developed for the critical values of maximum stretch and the corresponding nominal electric field, thus circumventing the need to perform iterative time-integrations of the equation of motion. The underlying principles of the approach are enunciated for the neo-Hookean material model and further extended to analyze relatively complex multiparameter hyperelastic models (Mooney–Rivlin and Ogden) that are employed prevalently for investigating the behavior of DEAs. The dynamic instability parameters predicted using the energy method are validated by examining the time-history response of the actuator in the vicinity of the dynamic instability. The development of dynamic instability parameters is complemented by energy-based extraction of static instability parameters to facilitate a quick comparison between the two. It is inferred quantitatively that the nominal electric field sufficient to cause the dynamic instability and the corresponding thickness stretch is lower than those corresponding to the static instability. A set of representative case studies for multiparameter material models is presented at the end, which can be used as an input for further experimental corroboration. The results of the present investigation can find their potential use in the design of DEAs subjected to transient loading.
The Regional Sensitivity of Chondrocyte Gene Expression to Coactive Mechanical Load and Exogenous TNF-α Stimuli
Authors: Bevill S. L. , Boyer K. A. , Andriacchi T. P.
Published: June 2014

Both mechanical load and elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines have been associated with the risk for developing osteoarthritis (OA), yet the potential interaction of these mechanical and biological factors is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of chondrocytes to the effects of dynamic unconfined compression, TNF-α, and the simultaneous effects of dynamic unconfined compression and TNF-α. The response to these three treatments was markedly different and, taken together, the response in the gene expression of chondrocytes to the different treatment conditions suggest a complex interaction between structure, biology, and mechanical loading.
Intestinal Microbiota and Probiotics in Celiac Disease
Authors: de Sousa Moraes Luís Fernando , Grzeskowiak Lukasz Marcin , de Sales Teixeira Tatiana Fiche , Gouveia Peluzio Maria do Carmo
Published: June 2014

Celiac disease (CD) is a common chronic autoimmune enteropathy caused by gluten intake. To date, the only therapy for CD is the complete exclusion of dietary sources of grains and any food containing gluten. It has been hypothesized that the intestinal microbiota is somehow involved in CD. For this reason, probiotics are appearing as an interesting adjuvant in the dietetic management of CD. This review aims to discuss the characteristics of the microbiota in CD subjects and the use of probiotics as a novel therapy for CD. Comparisons between children with CD and controls show that their microbiota profiles differ; the former have fewer lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. Specific probiotics have been found to digest or alter gluten polypeptides. It has also been demonstrated that some bacterial species belonging to the genera
Lactobacillus
and
Bifidobacterium
exert protective properties on epithelial cells from damage caused by gliadin.
Diverticular colitis of the ascending colon preceding the onset of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Maeshiro Tatsuji , Hokama Akira , Kinjo Tetsu , Fujita Jiro
Published: June 2014

We present a case of diverticular colitis of the ascending colon preceding the onset of ulcerative colitis. A 58-year-old man presented with positive faecal occult blood test. Colonoscopy disclosed diverticular colitis of the ascending colon. After a year's follow-up, typical ulcerative colitis developed and diverticular colitis improved. Diverticular colitis is a newly established disorder of chronic segmental mucosal inflammation affected by diverticular disease. There is increasing recognition of such cases with diverticular colitis preceding ulcerative colitis. There may be a possible pathogenic relationship between the two diseases.
Septic arthritis of the elbow withStreptococcus pneumoniaein a 9-month-old girl
Authors: Haas Tabea , Gaston Mark S , Rutz Erich , Camathias Carlo
Published: June 2014

A 9-month-old girl presented with a swollen, erythematous and hot left elbow, which was tender on palpation. Physical examination was unremarkable except temperature of 38.4°C and restriction of elbow movement. Blood tests showed an elevated C reactive protein of 116 mg/L. Plain radiograph and ultrasound of the elbow showed no pathological findings. MRI revealed an intra-articular effusion and associated myositis, but did not demonstrate intra-articular synovitis. Arthroscopic lavage of the joint yielded purulent fluid and gross synovitis involving the entire joint.Streptococcus pneumoniaewas isolated from the synovial fluid, although the patient had been immunised with Prevenar (pneumococcal vaccine). Postoperative empiric treatment with antibiotics for 6 weeks was started. Follow-up of 2 years revealed a healthy girl with a full range of motion of her elbow and no signs of complications. This case of septic arthritis emphasises the importance of the clinical presentation to determine the correct diagnosis and treatment modalities.
Chondrosarcoma of the tibial head during pregnancy: a challenging diagnosis
Authors: Roessler Philip P , Schmitt Jan , Fuchs-Winkelmann Susanne , Efe Turgay
Published: June 2014

Chondrosarcoma is one of the most common malignant bone tumours in adults. However, it rarely occurs during pregnancy. Therefore, reports on surgical and medical management of this entity are hard to find. Different studies suggest a possible growth-enhancing effect of altered hormone levels on various bone tumours. The effect of pregnancy on growth characteristics of chondrosarcomas however remains unclear. We report a case of a 32-year-old pregnant woman with a newly occurred chondrosarcoma of the tibial head. Intense clinical monitoring and repeated MRI scans showed a tumour progression during pregnancy followed by the need of above-knee amputation after 30 weeks gestation. Spontaneous vaginal delivery after 38 weeks gestation was complicated by an amniotic infection syndrome and finally stopped, necessitating a caesarean section. Despite this there were no further complications to be mentioned. No local tumour recurrence or metastases could be detected in the staging CT scans following pregnancy.
A cohort study to identify simple clinical tests for chronic respiratory failure in obese patients with sleep-disordered breathing
Authors: Mandal S , Suh E S , Boleat E , Asher W , Kamalanathan M , Lee K , Douiri A , Murphy P B , Steier J , Hart N
Published: June 2014

Background

Chronic respiratory failure complicating sleep-disordered breathing in obese patients has important adverse clinical implications in terms of morbidity, mortality and healthcare utilisation. Screening strategies are essential to identify obese patients with chronic respiratory failure.

Method

Prospective data were collected from patients with obesity-related sleep-disordered breathing admitted for respiratory assessment at a UK national sleep and ventilation centre. Hypercapnia was defined as an arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide of >6kPa.

Results

245 obese patients (56±13 years) with a body mass index of 48±12 kg/m2, forced vital capacity (FVC) of 2.1±1.1 L, daytime oximetry (SpO2) of 91±6% and abnormal overnight oximetry were included in the analysis. Receiver operator curve analysis for the whole group showed that an FVC ≤3 L had a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 41% in predicting hypercapnia, and an SpO2≤95% had a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 63% in predicting hypercapnia. Gender differences were observed and receiver operator curve analysis demonstrated ‘cut-offs’ for (1) SpO2of ≤95% for men and ≤93% for women and (2) FVC of ≤3.5 L for men and ≤2.3 L for women, in predicting hypercapnia.

Conclusions

The measurement of FVC and clinic SpO2in obese patients with abnormal overnight limited respiratory studies predicted hypercapnia. This may have clinical utility in stratifying patients attending sleep clinics.
Regional variations in the prevalence and misdiagnosis of air flow obstruction in China: baseline results from a prospective cohort of the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB)
Authors: Kurmi Om P , Li Liming , Smith Margaret , Augustyn Mareli , Chen Junshi , Collins Rory , Guo Yu , Han Yabin , Qin Jingxin , Xu Guanqun , Wang Jian , Bian Zheng , Zhou Gang , Davis Kourtney , Peto Richard , Chen Zhenming ,   on behalf of the China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group
Published: June 2014

Background

Despite the great burden of chronic respiratory diseases in China, few large multicentre, spirometry-based studies have examined its prevalence, rate of underdiagnosis regionally or the relevance of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors.

Methods

We analysed data from 512 891 adults in the China Kadoorie Biobank, recruited from 10 diverse regions of China during 2004–2008. Air flow obstruction (AFO) was defined by the lower limit of normal criteria based on spirometry-measured lung function. The prevalence of AFO was analysed by region, age, socioeconomic status, body mass index (BMI) and smoking history and compared with the prevalence of self-reported physician-diagnosed chronic bronchitis or emphysema (CB/E) and its symptoms.

Findings

The prevalence of AFO was 7.3% in men (range 2.5–18.2%) and 6.4% in women (1.5–18.5%). Higher prevalence of AFO was associated with older age (p<0.0001), lower income (p<0.0001), poor education (p<0.001), living in rural regions (p<0.001), those who started smoking before the age of 20 years (p<0.001) and low BMI (p<0.001). Compared with self-reported diagnosis of CB/E, 88.8% of AFO was underdiagnosed; underdiagnosis proportion was highest in 30–39-year olds (96.7%) compared with the 70+ age group (81.1%), in women (90.7%), in urban areas (89.4%), in people earning 5K–10 K ¥ monthly (90.3%) and in those with middle or high school education (92.6%).

Interpretation

In China, the burden of AFO based on spirometry was high and significantly greater than that estimated based on self-reported physician-diagnosed CB/E, especially in rural areas, reflecting major issues with diagnosis of AFO that will impact disease treatment and management.
Evolutionary Design of Gene Networks: Forced Evolution by Genomic Parasites
Authors: Spirov A. V. , Zagriychuk E. A. , Holloway D. M.
Published: June 2014

The co-evolution of species with their genomic parasites (transposons) is thought to be one of the primary ways of rewiring gene regulatory networks (GRNs). We develop a framework for conducting evolutionary computations (EC) using the transposon mechanism. We find that the selective pressure of transposons can speed evolutionary searches for solutions and lead to outgrowth of GRNs (through co-option of new genes to acquire insensitivity to the attacking transposons). We test the approach by finding GRNs which can solve a fundamental problem in developmental biology: how GRNs in early embryo development can robustly read maternal signaling gradients, despite continued attacks on the genome by transposons. We observed co-evolutionary oscillations in the abundance of particular GRNs and their transposons, reminiscent of predator-prey or hostparasite dynamics.
Preparation and electrical properties of Ni–Cu–Zn system doped with the magnesium oxide
Authors: Hemeda O. M. , Tawfik A. , Hemeda D. M. , Elsheekh A. M.
Published: June 2014

A sery of ferrite samples, Ni 0.1 Cu 0.2 Mg x Zn 0.7-x Fe 2 O 4, (x = 0.00, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, 0.55 and 0.70) have been prepared by the standard ceramic techniques, sintered at 1200°C for 2 h, and their crystalline structures were investigated by using X-ray diffraction, which confirmed the formation of Ni 0.1 Cu 0.2 Mg x Zn 0.7-x Fe 2 O 4 phase. The presence of Mg content increases the crystallinity of the given ferrite which is considered as catalyst for the accomplishment of the solid state reaction. The lattice parameter and crystallite size were calculated from XRD. The cationic distribution was estimated from the theoretical values of lattice parameters. The IR spectra analysis has been studied.

The dielectric constant for the ferrite system Ni – Cu – Zn gradually increases with temperature up to nearly Curie temperature and then increase sharply beyond the Tc. The Curie temperature obtained from the [Formula: see text] versus T is in agreement with the Curie temperature obtained from other measurements. Dielectric loss tangent ( tan δ) has the same behavior as dielectric constant [Formula: see text]. A minimum value of dielectric loss tangent ( tan δ) for the system " Ni – Cu – Zn " was observed at x = 0.45. Magnetic permeability has been studied. The dependence of initial permeability on temperature exhibit a peak which is called Hopkinson peak (HP) in the vicinity of Curie temperature and confirmed the phase purity of ferrite sample. The increasing of porosity and decreasing of grain size play an important role in decreasing μi. It is clear that the value of Tc is found to increase by increasing the concentration of diamagnetic substitution Mg for " Ni – Cu – Zn " system.
Schrödinger's cat and the firewall
Authors: Hollowood Timothy J.
Published: June 2014

It has been argued that when black holes are treated as quantum systems there are implications at the horizon and not just the singularity. Infalling observers will meet a firewall of high energy quanta. We argue that the question of whether an observer falling into a black hole experiences a smooth horizon or a firewall is identical to the question of whether Schrödinger's cat is either in a definite state, alive or dead, or in a superposition of the two. Since experience with real macro-systems indicate the former, the black hole state vector is seen to describe a set of decoherent alternatives each with a smooth horizon and the entanglement puzzle is thereby side stepped.
DEVELOPMENT OF REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION LOOP-MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION FOR AVIAN LEUKOSIS VIRUS SUBGROUPS A AND J
Authors: Wang Po-Hsiang , Wang Ching-Ho
Published: June 2014

Neoplasic diseases in chickens are frequently caused by avian leukosis virus (ALV), including subgroup A (ALV-A) and subgroup J (ALV-J) mostly. The objective of the present study was to develop a one-step, single-tube reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) test for detecting ALV-A and ALV-J separately. Primers were designed from the conserved region of the pol and env genes of ALV-A and ALV-J for RT-LAMP tests. Other avian viruses were used to determine the specificity of these tests. The results showed that a ladder pattern on gel electrophoresis was observed for ALV-A and ALV-J specifically and no cross-reaction was observed with other avian viruses. Serial dilutions of ALV-A and ALV-J were used to evaluate the detection limits of these tests. The present RT-LAMP tests showed 10–100 times more sensitivity than the conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Thus, these tests are rapid and accurate for the detection of ALV-A and ALV-J.
Characteristics and Outcomes of HCV Genotype-1-Infected Patients Treated with Peginterferon and Ribavirin Combination Therapy with Discordant HCV Responses 4 and 12 Weeks after Starting Therapy
Authors: Toyoda Hidenori , Kumada Takashi , Shimada Noritomo , Takaguchi Koichi , Ide Tatsuya , Sata Michio , Ginba Hiroyuki , Matsuyama Kazuhiro , Izumi Namiki
Published: June 2014

Objective: Some patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection fail to achieve complete early virologic response (EVR) despite a marked decrease in HCV RNA at 4 weeks. We investigated the characteristics and final treatment outcomes of this patient subpopulation. Methods: A total of 516 patients with HCV genotype 1 were enrolled. Background characteristics and final outcomes were compared between patients who achieved complete EVR and those who did not among patients whose HCV RNA levels decreased 3.0 log10 or more at 4 weeks. Results: 78 of 334 patients (23.4%) with a ≥3.0 log10 reduction in HCV RNA levels at 4 weeks failed to achieve complete EVR. Female sex, higher pretreatment HCV RNA levels and lower baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity were independently associated with failure of complete EVR. The rate of sustained virologic response (SVR) in patients without complete EVR was 47.4%, significantly lower than that in patients with complete EVR (89.7%, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Female patients, patients with higher pretreatment HCV RNA levels and patients with lower baseline ALT have a high likelihood of failure of complete EVR even when they had a ≥3 log10 reduction of HCV RNA at 4 weeks, resulting in a significantly lower SVR rate.
Prevalence of Cancer in Membranous Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Leeaphorn Napat , Kue-A-Pai Pogsathorn , Thamcharoen Natanong , Ungprasert Patompong , Stokes Michael B. , Knight Eric L.
Published: June 2014

Background: The association between membranous nephropathy (MN) and cancer has been well documented. However, the true prevalence and characteristics of cancer associated with MN have not been well described. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies was conducted to summarize the prevalence of cancer-associated MN as well as patient characteristics and types of cancer in this population. We used a random-effects meta-analysis model to estimate the prevalence of cancer. Results: We included 6 studies (n = 785). The estimated prevalence of cancer was 10.0% (95% CI, 6.1-14.6). The mean age of MN patients with cancer was 67 ± 7 years. The diagnosis of cancer preceded the diagnosis of MN in 20 ± 6.8%. Lung cancer was the most common type of tumor, accounting for 22 cases (26%), followed by prostate cancer (13 cases, 15%), hematologic malignancies (12 cases, 14%), colorectal cancer (9 cases, 11%), breast cancer (6 cases, 7%), and stomach and esophageal cancer (5 cases, 6%). Conclusion: The estimated prevalence of cancer in patients with MN is 10% (95% CI, 6.1-14.6). The vast majority of tumors associated with MN are lung and prostate cancer. Hematologic malignancies should also be considered as one of the potential cancers associated with MN. Our study was based on a largely Caucasian population; therefore, the findings might not be applicable to other populations.
Xerophthalmia of Sjogren's Syndrome Diagnosed with Anti-Salivary Gland Protein 1 Antibodies
Authors: Vishwanath Sahana , Everett Sandra , Shen Long , Malyavantham Kishore , Suresh Lakshmanan , Ambrus Jr. Julian L.
Published: June 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this report is to describe 2 patients with persistent severe dry eyes, positive Schirmer tests for Sjogren's syndrome (SS) but lacking antibodies to either Ro or La. These patients were diagnosed to have SS by detecting antibodies to salivary gland protein 1 (Sp1) and parotid secretory protein (PSP). This report emphasizes the existence of patients with SS who lack antibodies to either Ro or La and may therefore be misdiagnosed. Detection of novel autoantibodies, including antibodies to Sp1 and PSP, are helpful in identifying these patients. Initial presentation may simply be dry eyes. Methods: Two patients who presented to our ophthalmology clinic are described. One of the patients underwent multiple procedures over a period of 10 years for severe xerophthalmia. The other patient had rheumatoid arthritis and xerophthalmia. However, in both patients, chronic xerophthalmia had been considered to be idiopathic because antibodies Ro and La were negative. Further serologic testing revealed antibodies to Sp1 and PSP. Results: Two patients who lacked antibodies to Ro and La but not to Sp1 and PSP were diagnosed as having SS. Conclusion: Patients presenting with unexplained dry eyes may not always show the serology markers in the current criteria for SS, anti-Ro and anti-La. In these cases, investigation for novel, early antibodies to Sp1 and PSP is of importance in the diagnosis of SS.
Swedish Plectida (Nematoda). Part 6. Neocamacolaimus parasiticus gen. n., sp. n.
Authors: Holovachov Oleksandr , BOSTRÖM SVEN
Published: June 2014

A new genus Neocamacolaimus gen. n., with one new species N. parasiticus gen. n., sp. n. is described from the benthic polychaete Sphaerosyllis cf. hystrix collected in the Skagerrak off the west coast of Sweden. Neocamacolaimus gen. n. is placed in the family Camacolaimidae and is particularly characterised by having annulated cuticle with lateral alae; setiform cephalic sensilla located at level with amphids; amphidial fovea ventrally spiral; buccal cavity without armament; pharynx muscular; nerve ring located at base of pharynx; male reproductive system diorchic with outstretched testes; spicules weakly arcuate with straight manubrium; gubernaculum absent; alveolar supplements located in the pharyngeal region; tubular supplements absent; tail conoid; caudal glands and spinneret present. Juveniles of this genus are particularly characterised by their parasitic lifestyle and the following unique morphological features: lips form a dorso-ventrally elongated perioral disc with internal sclerotizations: one midventral and two dorsosublateral (right and left); cephalic sensilla setiform, subventral sensilla are noticeably longer than the subdorsal ones; intestine extends posterior to rectum and anal opening, forming a post-anal pouch.
First record of Osmylidae (Neuroptera) from Colombia and description of two new species of Isostenosmylus Krüger, 1913
Authors: ARDILA-CAMACHO ADRIAN , NORIEGA JORGE ARI
Published: June 2014

The family Osmylidae is recorded for the first time in Colombia, extending its known distribution range to the north of South America in the northern Andes. Two new species of the genus Isostenosmylus Krüger, 1913, I. contrerasi n. sp. and I. septemtrionalandinus n. sp. and one morphospecies distributed along the eastern cordillera in the departments of Cundinamarca, Huila, and Norte de Santander are described and illustrated. A key to species of the genus Isostenosmylus, as well as a list of South American species of Osmylidae is included.
Tritodynamia serratipes sp. nov., a new marine crab from Singapore (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Macrophthalmidae)
Authors: ANKER ARTHUR , NG PETER K. L.
Published: June 2014

Tritodynamia serratipes sp. nov. is described based on a female specimen dredged on soft mud at a depth of 6.3–6.5 m, near Marina East, only a few kilometers from Singapore’s city centre. The new species differs from all other species of Tritodynamia Ortmann, 1894 by a unique combination of morphological characters, including the posterior margin of the propodus of the second ambulatory leg armed with a row of particularly strong teeth, and the cutting edges of dactylus and pollex each proximally armed with two stout teeth. Tritodynamia serratipes sp. nov. is the second species of the genus described from tropical Asia.
Adaptive decision making in agent-based simulation
Authors: Topçu Okan
Published: June 2014

In the context of adaptive and autonomous decision making, a computational model is needed to formalize and implement a practical goal deliberation mechanism that determines how goals can be evaluated, adopted, or rejected. Such a model is expected to lead to self-explanatory decision making, which is essential for understanding and influencing the behavior of autonomous agents and to pave the way to generate desirable macro-level behavior in self-adaptive, self-organizing systems. This article introduces an adaptive decision making architecture for agent-based simulation by promoting deliberative coherence and its extensions for decision making under uncertainty. To this end, a deliberative coherence-driven agent model is presented, and then is extended with run-time monitoring mechanisms. The architecture enables us to evaluate goals and competing tasks to facilitate the selection of the most coherent tasks with respect to a given goal, whereas the successful completion of those tasks contributes to the achievement of mission objectives for systems in shifting, ill-defined, and uncertain environments.
Teachers’ attitudes toward assessment of student learning and teacher assessment practices in general educational institutions: The case of Georgia
Authors: Kitiashvili Anastasia
Published: June 2014

The aim of this article is to study teachers’ attitudes toward assessment of students’ learning and their assessment practices in Georgia’s general educational institutions. Georgia is a country in the South Caucasus with a population of 4.5 million people, with 2300 general educational institutions and about 559,400 students. The research included 106 schools, 928 surveyed teachers, and 292 observed classes. Overall, teachers have positive attitudes toward using assessment methods that require cognitive complexity from students as well as asking questions that require higher level reasoning to answer. Although teachers’ attitudes are related to their willingness toward using such assessment approaches in their classes to some extent, this research reveals the lack of correspondence between teachers’ attitudes and their assessment practices. Cognitive complexity is not often emphasized in classroom practice.
A rare case of oesophageal rupture: Boerhaave's syndrome
Authors: van der Weg Gerben , Wikkeling Marald , van Leeuwen Maarten , ter Avest Ewoud
Published: June 2014

A 70-year-old patient was referred to our emergency department with severe retrosternal pain after forceful vomiting. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a left-sided oesophageal rupture with accompanying pneumomediastinum and bilateral pleural effusions. Conservative treatment with cessation of oral intake, intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics, parenteral fluids and nutrition and left sided tube thoracostomy was initiated initially. After 5 days, however, the patient deteriorated. Follow-up CT scan demonstrated a mediastinal fluid collection as well as loculated pleural empyema. Open thoracotomy with mediastinal debridement and pleural drainage was performed, after which he made a slow but full recovery. Spontaneous oesophageal rupture due to an abrupt rise in intraluminal pressure caused by vomiting is also known as Boerhaave's syndrome. It is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. Many patients present with atypical symptoms, and therefore, physicians should have a high index of suspicion in any patient presenting with vomiting and retrosternal pain. When Boerhaave's syndrome is suspected, a CT scan of the thorax and upper abdomen should be performed since treatment depends on clinical and radiological findings. Conservative management (cessation of oral intake, nasogastric decompression, administration of intravenous fluids and parenteral nutrition, intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors and tube thoracostomies) may only be considered in patients with a contained rupture without systematic symptoms of infection. In these patients, endoscopic bridging of the tear with a self-expandable stent is also an option. Primary surgical repair (either by thoracotomy or by video assisted thoracoscopy (VATS)) should be considered when patients present with sepsis and/or large non-contained leaks or with severe mediastinal decontamination.
Editorial: NK cell immune activation in HIV-1 infection: flipping the bad and good side of the same coin
Authors: Lugli Enrico , Mavilio Domenico
Published: June 2014

Discussion of HIV-1-mediated aberrant immune activation of NK cells, and impaired host immune response as an indicator of disease progression.
The Impact of Medical and Nursing Home Expenses on Savings
Authors: Kopecky Karen A. , Koreshkova Tatyana
Published: June 2014

We consider a life-cycle model with idiosyncratic risk in earnings, out-of-pocket medical and nursing home expenses, and survival. Partial insurance is available through welfare, Medicaid, and social security. Calibrating the model to the United States we show that savings for old-age, out-of-pocket expenses account for 13.5 percent of aggregate wealth, half of which is due to nursing home expenses; cross-sectional out-of-pocket nursing home risk accounts for 3 percent of aggregate wealth and substantially slows down wealth decumulation at older ages; and all newborns would benefit if social insurance for nursing home stays was made more generous. (JEL D91, E21, E62, H51, I13, I18, I38, J14)
Infographical modeling of multicomponent systems
Authors: Чулков Виталий , Chulkov Vitaliy , Комаров Николай , Komarov Nikolay , Левин Исраиль , Levin Israil
Published: June 2014

Modeling of functioning of systems in infographics allows to consider ojects under investigation at different levels of their complexity, with an important aspect being the qualimetrical assessment of quality of functioning of various systems. Multidimensional scaling found reflection in use of single-layer and multilayered polar systems of coordinates. The composite model displays the dynamics of change of local conditions of process of convergence of norms at the end of each previous phase of process.

Examples of practical application of infographic models by producers of vodka products and models for an assessment of parameters of sewage treatment in housing and communal services are reviewed. Similar models gained further development as instruments of management of competitiveness thanks to the development of special software which allows to automate the process of their construction and the analysis of dynamics of occurring changes of controlled parameters.
Computational Experiments with Cross and Crooked Cross Cuts
Authors: Dash Sanjeeb , Günlük Oktay , Vielma Juan Pablo
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we study whether cuts obtained from two simplex tableau rows at a time can strengthen the bounds obtained by Gomory mixed-integer (GMI) cuts based on single tableau rows. We also study whether cross and crooked cross cuts, which generalize split cuts, can be separated in an effective manner for practical mixed-integer programs (MIPs) and can yield a nontrivial improvement over the bounds obtained by split cuts. We give positive answers to both these questions for MIPLIB 3.0 problems. Cross cuts are a special case of the t-branch split cuts studied by Li and Richard [Li Y, Richard J-PP (2008) Cook, Kannan and Schrijvers's example revisited. Discrete Optim. 5:724–734]. Split cuts are 1-branch split cuts, and cross cuts are 2-branch split cuts. Crooked cross cuts were introduced by Dash, Günlük, and Lodi [Dash S, Günlük O, Lodi A (2010) MIR closures of polyhedral sets. Math Programming 121:33–60] and were shown to dominate cross cuts by Dash, Günlük, and Molinaro [Dash S, Günlük O, Molinaro M (2012b) On the relative strength of different generalizations of split cuts. IBM Technical Report RC25326, IBM, Yorktown Heights, NY].
Lung cancer: needs assessment, treatment and therapies
Authors: Evans Michael
Published: June 2014

Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world. Globally, the annual diagnosis rate of new cases is approximately 1.6 million. The latest figures for the UK show that there are approximately 39 000 cases each year and that lung cancer accounts for about 22% of all cancer deaths ( Cancer Research UK, 2013a ). This article will look at the latest national recommendations for managing and treating non-small cell lung cancer, which accounts for about 80% of lung cancers, as well as emerging therapies. It is not within the scope of this article to discuss each type and aspect of lung cancer in detail and further reading is encouraged.
Patients' experiences of community IV therapy
Authors: Stephens Becky
Published: June 2014

Aim:

To explore patients' experiences of receiving community intravenous therapy (CIVT) compared with traditional inpatient hospital care.

Method:

The study used a qualitative descriptive methodology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight participants, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.

Results:

Five themes were identified: ‘finances’; ‘travelling’; ‘hospital admission’; ‘being at home’; and ‘safety’

Discussion:

The study revealed that participants felt privileged and valued when they were treated at home. CIVT allowed them the comfort of being in a familiar environment and the convenience of doing what they wanted, when they wanted.

Conclusion:

This study concurs that patients do prefer to be treated at home rather than being admitted to secondary care. The findings from this study suggest that participants appreciated the opportunity to receive CIVT.
Changing patters of water consumption in the suburban Barcelona: lifestiles and welfare as explanatory factors
Authors: Domene Elena
Published: June 2014

Atlantic gardens and swimming pools constitute one of the most relevant features of a new phase in the history of the urbanization process in the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona, coinciding with the real state “madness”, by which the traditionally compact urban form typical of Mediterranean cultures lose ground to more disperse patterns of settlement characteristic of Anglo-Saxon countries. The change in the urban form also bears a noticeable relationship with changing lifestyles more and more akin to the suburban landscapes of many areas of Atlantic Europe and above all North America. Low density housing with gardens and swimming pools are associated with a better quality of life and considered as positional goods, giving the owners the status and prestige that is absent from other urban forms. In this paper I will therefore illustrate how new “suburbia lifestyles” linked to water use are gaining terrain in a geographical, social and cultural context that traditionally has been quite conservative in the use of this resource. I will show also how new, water-related lifestyles are endowed also with a strong income component. Thus high income households prefer and can afford more water-consuming Atlantic gardens with swimming pools whereas lower income households have to resort to more climate-adapted species in what constitutes a growing socio-spatial differentiation.
Gobernanza deliberativa en la gestión de cuencas hidrográficas: analizando las consecuencias de la Directiva Marco del Agua en Cataluña
Authors: Parés Marc , Ballester Alba , Espluga Josep , Brugué Quim
Published: June 2014

Los primeros planes de cuenca previstos en la Directiva Marco del Agua fueron aprobados en España muy recientemente, motivo por el cual todavía no disponemos de estudios que evalúen los resultados de los procesos participativos llevados a cabo. En este artículo se analiza una experiencia participativa que, por su carácter ejemplar y atípico, ha sido considerada una buena práctica: el proceso deliberativo del Distrito de Cuenca Fluvial de Cataluña. Nos interrogamos sobre las consecuencias de la deliberación y, más concretamente, sobre si un buen proceso de deliberación mejora la política de aguas. Es decir, investigamos la relación entre las características procedimentales de la deliberación y sus resultados. Para ello combinamos datos cuantitativos con información cualitativa obtenida a partir de análisis documental y treinta entrevistas en profundidad. Las limitaciones de la estrategia comunicativa, la poca integralidad con la que se planifica la política de aguas y la falta de una cultura política deliberativa son algunas de las debilidades identificadas en el caso estudiado. Concluimos que un buen proceso deliberativo es una condición necesaria pero no suficiente para garantizar un impacto significativo sobre la política de aguas.
Dejavniki gibalne aktivnosti in z zdravjem povezane kakovosti življenja
Authors: Slabe Erker Renata , Ličen Simon
Published: June 2014

Uvod: Gibalna aktivnost koristi telesnemu in duševnemu zdravju. Namen članka je ugotoviti dejavnike, ki vplivajo nanjo, in možne ukrepe za povečanje te dejavnosti. Cilj članka je spodbuditi strokovnjake s področij zdravja in športne dejavnosti k sodelovanju pri oblikovanju in izvajanju učinkovitih ukrepov za povečanje gibanja med prebivalstvom. Metode: Opravljen je bil pregled literature o dejavnikih, ki vplivajo na gibalno aktivnost in z zdravjem povezano kakovost življenja, ter o ukrepih, povezanih z njimi. V pregled so vključene raziskave, ki so objavljene v angleškem jeziku v obdobju 2000–2010 in evidentirane v Web of Science (SCI-EXPANDED ali SSCI). Članek povzema izsledke 46 objav, za potrebe teoretičnih izhodišč pa še dodatnih 43 objav. Rezultati: Na odločitev za gibanje vplivajo lastnosti posameznika in širšega družbenoekonomskega okolja. Bistveni so starost, spol in zdravstveni status posameznika. Pri posameznih skupinah populacije prepoznamo specifične dejavnike, ki vplivajo na odločitev za gibalno aktivnost. Učinkoviti ukrepi spodbujanja gibanja so zato usmerjeni na te skupine in izhajajo iz identificiranih dejavnikov. Diskusija in zaključek: Raznolikost omenjenih skupin in dejavnikov je osnova za načrtovanje preventivnih oziroma interventnih ukrepov. Smiselno je, da se pri organiziranju in izvajanju programov povežejo organizacije s področij zdravstva, športa in druge interesne skupine. Pri tem naj izkoristijo obstoječe zakonske okvire.
Verbalno in posredno nasilje v urgentni dejavnosti
Authors: Jerkič Karmen , Babnik Katarina , Karnjuš Igor
Published: June 2014

Uvod: Namen raziskave je bil proučiti pojavnost verbalnega in drugih oblik posrednega nasilja na vzorcu zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi v urgentni dejavnosti, in sicer identificirati pogostost doživljanja, oblike nasilja, najpogostejše povzročitelje nasilja, zaznane vzroke ter demografske spremenljivke zaposlenih, ki nasilje na delovnem mestu zaznavajo pogosteje. Metode: Raziskava je bila opravljena na nenaključnem vzorcu zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi v urgentnih ambulantah primarne in sekundarne ravni zdravstvenega varstva (n = 62) v severnoprimorski regiji. Uporabljen je bil strukturirani vprašalnik, ki je vključeval 18 vprašanj. Podatki so bili obdelani s frekvencami, strukturnimi deleži in testom χ2. Rezultati: Dve tretjini udeležencev (46 izborov oz. 74,2 %) je že doživelo verbalno ali druge oblike posrednega nasilja na delovnem mestu, predvsem v obliki aktivnega neposrednega verbalnega nasilja s strani svojcev in pacientov. Najpogosteje zaznani razlogi nasilja so neustrezni, prenapolnjeni čakalni prostori (36 izborov). Tovrstno nasilje pogosteje zaznavajo zaposleni z daljšo delovno dobo (χ2 = 9,841, p = 0,003) ter starejši delavci (χ2 = 4,891, p = 0,041). Stopnja verbalnega in posrednega nasilja se je po oceni udeležencev z leti zmerno do opazno povečala. Diskusija in zaključek: Dobljeni rezultati so primerljivi z rezultati raziskav v tujini. Nadaljnje raziskave se morajo usmeriti v podrobnejšo fenomenološko izkušnjo doživljanja nasilja na delovnem mestu.
Skrb za osebe z depresijo v Sloveniji: pregled literature
Authors: Zupančič Vesna , Pahor Majda
Published: June 2014

Uvod: Članek predstavlja rezultate raziskave o obsegu in vrsti objavljenega znanstvenega in strokovnega znanja o skrbi za osebe z depresijo v Sloveniji. Temeljni namen je bil na podlagi pregleda, analize ter sinteze znanstvenih in strokovnih informacij ugotoviti, ali to znanje omogoča razvoj celostne, integrirane skupnostne skrbi za osebe z depresijo v Sloveniji.

Metode: Uporabljen je bil pregled literature. Zbiranje znanstvene in strokovne literature je potekalo po vzajemni bibliografsko-kataložni bazi podatkov (COBIB.SI) v obdobju od januarja do julija 2013. Za analizo je bilo uporabljeno spletno orodje EndNoteWeb. Rezultati pregleda vključujejo število najdenih enot po ključnih besedah ločeno glede na časovno obdobje izida, ocena kakovosti temelji na analizi vključenih znanstvenih raziskav.

Rezultati: Rezultati obsegajo bazo literature znanstvenoraziskovalnega in strokovnega publiciranja v Sloveniji od leta 2000 do 2013 (435 enot) in iz nje izhajajoč zemljevid kategorij pojmovanja skupnostne skrbi za osebe z depresijo. Narejena je bila analiza kakovosti vključenih raziskav z vidika uporabljenih raziskovalnih metod. Pri kvalitativni sintezi so bile uporabljene kode (31) in kategorije (4) kot rezultat pregleda kvalitativne sinteze.

Diskusija in zaključek: Za razvoj skupnostne skrbi za osebe z depresijo je v Sloveniji premalo empiričnih dokazov. Primanjkuje tudi orodij za merjenje in primerjavo stopnje integracije ter celovitosti integriranih storitev skupnostne skrbi na ravni lokalnih skupnosti.