bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PELATIHAN IMPLEMENTASI METODE CARD SORT PADA PROSES PEMBELAJARAN GURU DAN SISWA
Authors: Hafsah Hafsah , Isnaini Isnaini , Saddam Saddam , Abisyofian Abisyofian , Andini Meli
Published: September 2024

Abstrak: Guru lebih sering menggunakan metode ceramah dalam pembelajaran. Hal ini menyebabkan minimnya pengetahuan guru terhadap metode pembelajaran lain, termasuk metode card sort. Hal ini menyebabkan siswa merasa bosan dan kurang serius menerima pelajaran dengan metode pembelajaran yang monoton hingga berakibat pada menurunya presetasi belajar. Melalui kegiatan pelatihan implementasi metode card sort pada proses pembelajaran guru dan siswa ini harapkan memberikan solusi atas masalah yang di hadapi di Boarding School Mu’allimin Muhammadiyah Lombok Barat. Kegiatan dilaksanakan melalui 3 tahapan kegiatan yaitu: tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Tahapan pelaksanaan kegiatan dilakukan menggunakan metode ceramah, tanya jawab, dan simulasi. Tim dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian ini merupakan dosen dan mahasiswa Prodi PPKn UMMAT. Tim telah memiliki pengalaman dalam pelaksanaan metode Card Sort, serta tim juga memiliki pengalaman dalam kegiatan-kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat. Kegiatan terlaksana dengan lancar dan sukses, mitra terlibat maksimal bahkan mitra menginginkan kegiatan PkM terus dilakukan setiap tahun terutama pembahasan tentang metode card sort pada proses pembelajaran guru dan siswa. Pelatihan metode card sort pada proses pembelajaran guru dan siswa mendukung tugas guru di era industry 4.0.Abstract: Teachers often use the lecture method in learning. This causes a lack of teachers' knowledge of other learning methods, including the card sort method. This causes students to feel bored and less serious about receiving lessons with monotonous learning methods, resulting in a decrease in learning performance. Through the implementation of the Card sort method in the learning process of teachers and students, it is hoped that it will provide solutions to the problems faced at the Boarding School Mu'allimin Muhammadiyah West Lombok. The activity is carried out through 3 stages of activities, namely: preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages. The stages of the implementation of the activity were carried out using the method of lectures, questions and answers, and simulations. The team in the implementation of this service activity is lecturers and students of the UMMAT PPKn Study Program. The team has experience in implementing the Card Sort method, and the team also has experience in Community Service activities. The activity was carried out smoothly and successfully, partners were involved to the maximum, and even partners wanted PkM activities to continue to be carried out every year, especially the discussion of the card sort method in the learning process of teachers and students. Training on the card sort method in the learning process of teachers and students supports teachers' duties in the industry 4.0 era.
“Dayanışma Ezilenlerin İnceliğidir”: Etnik Kimlikle Özdeşimin ve Çatışma Söylemlerinin Farklı Gruplarla Dayanışmadaki Rolü
Authors: Uluğ Özden Melis
Published: September 2024

Türk-Kürt çatışması bağlamında yürütülen çalışmalar, iki çatışma söyleminin farklı gruplarda yaygın bir şekilde benimsendiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu çatışma söylemleri, Türk-Kürt çatışmasını a) Kürtler için bir bağımsızlık sorunu olarak gören bağımsızlık sorunu söylemi ve b) PKK ve yabancı güçler sorunu olarak gören terör sorunu söylemidir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, bağımsızlık sorunu söylemi etnik kimlik açısından büyük ölçüde dezavantajlı grup olan Kürtler tarafından benimsenirken, terör sorunu söylemi büyük ölçüde avantajlı grup olan Türkler tarafından benimsenmektedir. Fakat daha önceki çalışmalar avantajlı grup üyelerinin aynı zamanda başka bir dezavantajlı kimliğe sahip olduklarında kendi avantajlı kimlikleriyle özdeşleşmelerinin bu farklı çatışma söylemlerini benimsemede ve dezavantajlı gruplarla politik dayanışma içerisinde yer almalarında nasıl bir rol oynayacağını incelememiştir. Bu çalışmada, ilk olarak, hem avantajlı hem de dezavantajlı kimliğe sahip olan çapulcu Türklerin avantajlı grubun etnik kimliğiyle özdeşleşmelerinin, Kürtlerle politik dayanışmalarına olan etkisi araştırılmaktadır. İkinci olarak, etnik kimlikle özdeşimle politik dayanışma arasında çatışma söylemlerinin nasıl bir aracı rol oynadığı incelenmektedir. Üçüncü olarak, bir grupla olan politik dayanışmanın (Kürtler) çatışmanın bir parçası olmayan başka bir gruba (Aleviler) genellenip genellenemeyeceği araştırılmaktadır. Bu amaçla gerçekleştirilen yol analizi sonuçları (N = 295), hem Türk etnik kimliğiyle özdeşimin politik dayanışmayı olumsuz şekilde yordadığını, hem bağımsızlık ve terör sorunu söylemlerinin Türk etnik kimliğiyle özdeşim ile gruplar arası dayanışma arasında aracı bir rol oynadığını, hem de politik dayanışmanın sadece çatışmada yer alan dezavantajlı grupla değil (Kürtler) çatışmanın parçası olmayan dezavantajlı başka bir gruba (Aleviler) da genellenebileceğini göstermektedir. Sonuçlar çatışma, sosyal kimlik ve dayanışma literatürleri ışığında tartışılmıştır.
Photovoice in the EFL classroom: Academic stress coping among Indonesian Pre-Service English teachers during online learning
Authors: Zaenal Anwar Muhammad , Wahyuningsih Sri
Published: September 2024

The pandemic impacted people's lives worldwide, affecting the functioning of several sectors, especially in the education sector. The impact of the pandemic has resulted in teachers and students having to work faster and maximize learning from face-to-face to online learning. The impact is that some students or teachers experience difficulties and stress in online learning. This stress is a person's thoughts that were originally (positive) to be irrational/negative. The purpose of this study is to describe experiences dealing with academic stress among pre-service English teachers in Indonesian higher education during online learning. The authors used the photovoice method by explaining some photos in this article. We also interviewed four pre-service English teachers to get more data. The findings revealed that some ways used by pre-service English teachers in coping with academic stress during online learning are playing online games, having extensive reading such as comics, relaxation or healing, and listening to music. The study promotes an implication that the  need to have some refreshments for students to cope with academic stress during online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Rhetorical Strategies and Speech Acts Analysis: A Linguistic Research on Indonesia’s Minister Speech Advocating for Palestine
Authors: Zainal Arifin Renaldo
Published: September 2024

This research is aimed at finding out the use of rhetorical strategies and speech acts in the speech delivered by the minister of foreign affairs during United Nations General Assembly regarding the conflict between Palestine and Israel. This research applies qualitative method. The data taken was in the form of text from H.E Retno LP Marsudi’s speech that emphasized the stance and the concern from Indonesia as a country which supports the freedom of the Palestine as well as condemning any kinds of genocide The result of this research showed that there were two linguistic features employed in the H.E Retno LP Marsudi’s speech i.e rhetorical strategies and speech act with the proportion of 32% for each Pathos Ethos, and 37% for Logos. Besides, the 5 speech acts were also found in this research with the proportion of 13% for assertive and declarative, 31% for directive, 25% for expressive, and 19% for commissive. This is to prove that rhetorical devices are considered to contribute to the overall persuasiveness and impact of the speech to help the speaker conveying the message effectively and build a comprehensive engagement to the audience.
Errors Analysis: Students’ Pronunciation Assessment through IPA Application
Authors: Idayani Andi , Estika Satriani  , Via Elmanisa  , Betty Sailun
Published: September 2024

Pronunciation is one of the most crucial subskills of English speaking. This study aims to determine students' pronunciation errors when pronouncing English short vowels in the fifth semester of English Language Education using the English Pronunciation IPA application and to determine the factors that influence their pronunciation errors. In this study, the researcher used a qualitative method design. It was conducted on students in fifth semester of English Language Education. The researcher collected data with two tools: pronunciation tests and interviews. Students can use the English Pronunciation IPA application as a help for taking long vowel pronunciation examinations. The researcher selected five students to serve as resource people for interviews. Based on the study results, the English Pronunciation IPA application was used to administer a pronunciation test to students. The results showed that, on average, students scored 15.57, with short vowels scoring 3.70 points. Pronouncing short vowels on the /ɒ/ and /æ/ sound are where students make the greatest mistakes. Then, interference and phonological knowledge are the factors that affect pupils' pronunciation issues in English.
The Effectiveness of Google Sites in Differentiated Instruction to Increase Students’ Learning Motivation and Reading Comprehension on English Narrative Texts
Authors: Najemi Silvia , Ardiasih Lidwina Sri , Sundari Hanna
Published: September 2024

This research explores the impact of using Google Sites for Differentiated Instruction on the learning motivation and reading comprehension of Grade XI students at SMK Negeri 4 Banjarmasin. The study aims to enhance literacy by integrating digital media into English narrative text instruction. A quasi-experimental design was employed, with an experimental group using Google Sites and a control group using conventional methods. Data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests measuring reading comprehension and questionnaire to describe learning motivation. The Independent Sample T-Test, Mann Whitney Test and N-Gain, and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) were used for statistical analysis. The results indicated that the experimental group showed significant improvements in both learning motivation and reading comprehension compared to the control group. The use of Google Sites provided a personalized and engaging learning experience, contributing to these positive outcomes. In conclusion, integrating Google Sites into Differentiated Instruction effectively enhances students' motivation and reading comprehension. This approach addresses individual learning needs and leverages technology to create a more interactive educational environment. The study suggests broader implementation of digital tools in education to improve literacy skills and student engagement.
Evaluation of the Informative Value of the Results of Soil Observations in a Stationary Experiment
Authors: Volynkina O. V.
Published: September 2024

The effective and potential fertility of leached chernozem was evaluated in a field stationary experiment at the Central Experimental Field of the Kurgan Research Institute and the application of 2 crop cultivation technologies. In the first part of the experiment, the corn–wheat–wheat–oat crop rotation was studied during annual plowing, in the second – permanent wheat after a stubble background. The first technology was characterized by higher effective fertility, a large number of plant residues, due to which its advantage was manifested in terms of humus content. The positive effect of fertilizers on the indicators of potential soil fertility was manifested when applying the 2nd and 3rd doses of nitrogen against the background of the use of phosphorus.
Photosynthetic and Carbon Sequestering Ability of Safflower Leucea and Accumulation of Organic Carbon in Sod-Podzolic Soil
Authors: Zavyalova N. E. , Maysak G. P. , Kazakova I. V. , Ivanova O. V.
Published: September 2024

According to the content of photosynthesis pigments, the most active period of photosynthetically active radiation absorption by the leaves of Leucea safflower during the growing season was revealed. From the moment of full regrowth to flowering, the amount of chlorophylls a and b in the leaves was 6.2–8.5 mg/g of dry weight, carotene – 3–4 times less. During photosynthesis, the carbon content in the leaves of Leucea safflower practically did not change and amounted to 39.5–42.5%. The mass fraction of the main product of photosynthesis, sugars, increased from the regrowth phase to seed formation from 4.0 to 11.8%. During the period of active growth, the nitrogen content in the leaves of the leucea was 1.3–1.6, phosphorus – 1.1–1.6, potassium – 4.4–5.1%. After harvesting the safflower leucea of the 14th year of life, a high amount of сrop and root residues (CRR) was determined in the sod-podzolic soil – 13.7–17.3 t/ha. The amount of carbon absorbed during photosynthesis was 6.8–11.5 t C/ha (24.3–41.3 t CO2/ha), depending on the experiment variant, for natural phytocenosis this indicator was equal to 2.4 t C/ha (or 8.6 t CO2/ha) during the growing season. The organic carbon content under the safflower leucea of the 14th year of life in the 0–20 cm soil layer increased relative to the initial level by 3.6% in the version without fertilizers, by 15.1% in the N60P60K60 variant, and in the 20–40 cm layer by 8.8–42.6%, respectively. Relative to the virgin analogue, the carbon content in the 0–20 cm layer was 15.2–28.0 higher, in the 20–40 cm layer – 25.0–64.4%, depending on the experiment variant, which indicated the deposition of carbon in the form of humic substances due to its storage in deeper soil layers.
On the issue of code switching in the speech of multilinguals on the Lithuanian-Belarusian borderland (based on field materials)
Authors: Zavyalova Maria V. , Balkute Rita
Published: September 2024

The article deals with cases of switching codes in the speech of the inhabitants of Lithuania, as well as the border Lithuanian-Belarusian territories, who speak Polish, Lithuanian and Belarusian (Russian) languages. The analyzed texts were written down by Rita Balkute during ethnographic expeditions, which were not aimed at revealing the actual linguistic features of the speech of the informants. Analysis of the material shows that ethnolinguistic factors play an important role in code switching; for example, informants often switch to Polish when describing magical practices or when quoting spells. The article discusses the reasons for such transitions, as well as cases of mixing codes when hybrid texts are formed in Polish and Belarusian.
Geographical trace of the Yenisei Expedition of 1905: historical and modern significance
Authors: Dvornikov Yu. V. , Nesterova L. A.
Published: September 2024

The little-known Yenisei Expedition of 1905 led by I.S. Sergeyev, K.V. Ivanov, and I.I. Islyamov is examined and described. Based on the study of archival documents, the preparation of the expedition in the highest state institutions of the Russian Empire and the specific circumstances of its journey from European seaports to the Russian river port in Yeniseisk are demonstrated. The significance of the expedition is analyzed in connection with its contemporary realities. An assessment of the importance of the waterway along the Yenisei River is also provided, which connects not only the South and North but also the West and East of Russia. The special role of certain participants, particularly I.I. Islyamov, who played a notable role in the geographical exploration of Russia but remained little-known to the general public and even many specialists, is emphasized.
Agrotechnical practices for improving the quality of seed stocks in the nursery
Authors: Semin I. V.
Published: September 2024

The paper presents the preliminary results of an assessment of some agrotechnical techniques for improving the quality of seed stocks for pears based on quince of ordinary VNIISPK breeding. Studies have shown that the use of bedding material introduced into rows during sowing in the form of sphagnum moss or sand contributed to better branching of the primary root of the seedling, and, consequently, the formation of more skeletal roots than in control variants. The morphological structure of the sand favored high aeration and waterproofing with excess moisture in the root zone of the germinating seed. The skeletal root branched better than in the control. However, the main amount of branching was concentrated on the endings of the skeletal root or close to it. The places of branching of skeletal roots from the main root of the seedling often remained open, which subsequently may lead to a decrease in the anchoring of graft-rootstock combinations in the garden. On the other hand, having a high moisture-retaining ability, aeration and antiseptic properties, sphagnum moss had an even more beneficial effect on the young sprout and subsequently contributes to the formation of a branched root system of the seedling with many overgrown roots. The number of skeletal roots and the order of their branching exceeded the control variants by 1.5–2.0 times. Almost the entire skeletal root branched, which is very valuable for survival, plant fixation in the soil, nutrition and moisture supply during the growing season. Based on the conducted research, in order to improve the quality of seed stocks based on quince, when sowing, bedding material in the form of sand or sphagnum moss should be added to the rows, contributing to better branching of the roots of quince seedlings.
Biological effect of dual-frequency laser pulse radiation during pre-sowing treatment of rice seeds at early stages of development under stressful environmental conditions
Authors: Apasheva L. M. , Savransky V. V. , Budnik M. I. , Smurova L. A. , Ovcharenko E. N. , Kasaikina O. T. , Lobanov A. V. , Dyachenko I. V. , Grudzinsky A. V. , Sergeev S. N. , Taraskin K. A. , Barnashova E. K. , Vertikova E. A.
Published: September 2024

The biological effect of two-frequency laser pulsed radiation produced on copper vapor during pre-sowing treatment of rice seeds of Veles and Leader varieties at early stages of development in extreme stressful environmental conditions has been studied. The copper vapor laser used in the experiment had the following output characteristics: wavelengths of 510.6 nm (green radiation line) and 578.2 nm (yellow radiation line), pulse duration of 15 ns, repetition frequency of 10 kHz, total pulse power of 10 kW, energy-power ratio between the green and yellow radiation lines 3/1 The interaction of laser radiation with wavelengths of 510.6 and 578.2 nm in the nonlinear medium of the seed caused the formation of additional wavelengths: a total wavelength of 271 nm (ultraviolet radiation) and a difference wavelength of 4.37 microns. Exposure to each of the four wavelengths in its spectral range could lead to the initiation of at least four radiation-induced biochemical reactions. It is shown that pre-sowing treatment of rice seeds with two-frequency laser pulsed radiation for 5–20 seconds had a stimulating effect on the growth and development of rice (the greatest effect was when exposed to 5–10 seconds), and also increased its stability when grown in extreme stressful environmental conditions (moisture deficiency, depleted soil) at early stages of development.
Energy-saving technology for harvesting root crops and potatoes
Authors: Sibirev A. V. , Mosyakov M. A. , Sazonov N. V. , Mansurov A. P. , Lobachevsky Ya. P.
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the work is to empirically determine the temperature of the exhaust gases when changing the load on the power plant of a beet harvester with a separating system that provides better harvesting quality in conditions of high soil moisture. Have been developed: classification of methods for increasing the separating ability of slot-hole devices for cleaning root crops; laboratory installation for determining the quality indicators of a separation system with thermal energy for exhaust gas purification with a star-shaped cleaning device; a method for assessing the process of heat transfer from the exhaust gases of the power plant of the self-propelled harvester for harvesting sugar beets Holmer Terra Dos T3 to the separating system, which involves determining the temperature using thermocouples installed at various points in the gas exhaust system of the internal combustion engine. An experimental study of the temperature of the exhaust gases of the power plant of a harvesting machine was carried out using thermocouples at maximum rotation speed with a change in the thermal load index of the external environment from 5 to 30°C. The heat of the exhaust gases from the Mercedes-Benz power plant of the Holmer Terra Dos T3 self-propelled harvester, aimed at blowing the working surface of the separating device at the outlet of the first and fourth, as well as the second and third cylinders, has minor discrepancies exceeding the error limits (65 ± 5.8; 63.2 ± 1.5 and 74.9 ± 2.4; 75.2 ± 2.0°C, respectively), which leads to a uniform distribution of heat flow on the device for cleaning sugar beet roots.
ПІДВИЩЕННЯ РОЗЧИНЕННЯ МЕФЕНАМІНОВОЇ КИСЛОТИ ШЛЯХОМ ОДЕРЖАННЯ ПОЛІМЕРНОГО КОМПОЗИЦІЙНОГО МАТЕРІАЛУ У ВИГЛЯДІ ТВЕРДИХ ДИСПЕРСНИХ СИСТЕМ
Authors: ЯРЕМЕНКО ВОЛОДИМИР , ГОЙ АНДРІЙ
Published: September 2024

У статті комплексно проаналізовані отримані полімерні композиційні матеріали з мефенаміновою кислотою у вигляді твердих дисперсних систем (ТДС). В якості полімерних носіїв використано фармацевтично прийнятні та широкорозповсюджені полімери: полівінілпіролідон (ПВП) та гідроксипропілметилцелюлоза (ГПМЦ). Для отримання ТДС використано загальноприйняті методи, такі як метод розпилювального сушіння (spray drying) та метод спільного подрібнення (co-milling). Наряду з вищезгаданими методами були апробовані перспективні та, в той же час, притаманні для фармацевтичної промисловості методи вологого гранулювання, такі як гранулювання в псевдозрідженому шарі (fluid bed granulation) та гранулювання високого зсуву (high shear granulation).
Встановлено, що методи вологого гранулювання дають можливості для отримання ТДС з мефенаміновою кислотою і значно покращують її розчинення. ТДС МК та ГПМЦ виготовлені методом гранулювання високого зсуву та методом гранулювання у псевдозрідженому шарі демонструють підвищення розчинення в 8,60 та 9,46 разів відповідно. В той же час ТДС з ПВП отримані тими самими методами практично призводить до зростання розчинення мефенамінової кислоти.
Також встановлено що ТДС МК з ГПМЦ отримані методами розпилювального сушіння (spray drying) та спільного подрібнення (сo-milling) демонструють суттєве підвищення розчинення діючої речовини в порівнянні з ТДС, в склад яких в якості полімерного носія входить ПВП.
Проаналізовано найбільш перспективні з точки зору підвищення розчинення діючої речовини, ТДС МК : Манітол : ГПМЦ (5 : 10 : 85) виготовлені методом вологого гранулювання високого зсуву та методом гранулювання в псевдозрідженому шарі за фармако-технологічними показниками (насипна густина, фракційний склад, плинність, кут відкосу, втрата в масі при висушуванні, морфологічні особливості часток). Розраховані комплексні емпіричні показники Індекс Карра (Carr index): (6,00 - 6,97 дуже хороша (відмінна)) та коефіцієнт Гауснера (Hausner ratio): (1,064 - 1,075 дуже хороша (відмінна)), в той час коли МК має Індекс Карра (Carr index): (31,82 погана плинність) та коефіцієнт Гауснера (Hausner ratio): (1,47 погана плинність).
Результати аналізу всіх досліджених показників  характеризують отримані композиційні матеріали, як такі, що задовольняють вимоги для отримання готових лікарських засобів. Підтверджено перспективність отримання таких ТДС з точки зору підвищенням розчинення діючої речовини та можливість досягнення заданого фармако-технологічного профілю відповідно до обраної лікарської форми.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ ЕНЕГІЇ
Authors: ВЛАСЕНКО НАТАЛІЯ
Published: September 2024

Розглянуто перспективи використання екологічно чистих альтернативних джерел енергії. Проведено порівняння хімічних та економічних показників з метою виявлення якісних і кількісних відмінностей. Серед розглянутих альтернативних джерел енергії найбільш перспективним є сонячні батареї -  прості у використанні і обслуговуванні, доступні, довговічні, автономні,  надають повну екологічну безпеку у використанні та високу надійність, але існують недоліки - нерегулярність постачання енергії, залежність від погодних умов, пори року та доби. Для сонячних панелей будь якого типу необхідно враховувати кут розташування, тому що при розташуванні  їх під кутом 60 ° втрачається приблизно 55 % освітлення протягом доби. Застосування автоматизованих систем управління, які повертаються за сонцем та  рухають сонячні панелі так, щоб сонячний світ попадав перпендикулярно до робочьої поверхні дозволяють збільшити кількість сонячної енергії на 20 – 25 %.
АНАЛІЗ ВПЛИВУ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ШТУЧНОГО ІНТЕЛЕКТУ НА ДИНАМІКУ РИНКУ ПРАЦІ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ МЕТОДУ ФАЗОВИХ ПОРТРЕТІВ
Authors: МІСЮРКА ПАВЛО
Published: September 2024

У статті представлено результати детального аналізу поточних моделей та системних рішень щодо впливу впровадження штучного інтелекту (ШІ) на ринок праці. Проведене дослідження охоплює широке коло питань, пов'язаних з трансформацією ринку праці під впливом новітніх технологій. Зокрема, розглянуто, як автоматизація та використання ШІ змінюють попит на різні професії, впливають на структуру зайнятості, створюють нові робочі місця та одночасно призводять до зникнення традиційних професій.
Запропоновано нову інформаційну технологію моделювання впливу ШІ на ринок праці, яка базується на методі фазових портретів. Ця технологія дозволяє візуалізувати і прогнозувати динаміку змін у ринку праці внаслідок впровадження ШІ. Метод фазових портретів надає можливість не тільки аналізувати поточний стан ринку, але й передбачати майбутні тенденції, що є критично важливим для розробки стратегій адаптації до нових умов
АРХІТЕКТУРА СИСТЕМИ АВТОНОМНОГО КЕРУВАННЯ ДЛЯ FPV-ДРОНІВ
Authors: Посвістак Валерій , Мірошниченко Дмитро
Published: September 2024

Drone technologies and robotic systems, that can be used to optimize or replace human labor in different areas, are continuing to develop and expand their area of application. Computational hardware, that can be used as an extension to basic drone hardware, is becoming more powerful for a smaller price and size. Autonomous drone control provides a practical solution for issues that are present when a drone is controlled manually by an operator. There are limitations that exclude the possibility of operator control and some solutions are much less effective if there is no autonomous algorithm. A large distance, radio interference or a huge amount of data to be analyzed are not as critical if a drone is capable to make decisions autonomously without an operator. Because of the features of a basic amateur FPV-drone its flight controller does not operate enough computing power to execute complex algorithms such as object detection, object tracking, calculation of a proper trajectory etc. In cases like this a companion computer should be used. Depending on an area of application, drone control algorithms may vary. Flight controllers’ firmware has some embedded functionality with relatively simple algorithms like pre-defined flight routes that use GCS-coordinates. In the case when more complex behavior is required (image processing, AI integration or autonomous decision making with manual controls), such firmware provides an ability to accept various drone commands that correspond to the MAVLink communication protocol. This work investigates important details of companion computers integration with flight controllers with examples and describes hardware and software aspects of implementation of autonomous drone controls. The research also provides solutions to problems that can be possible when implementing such a system.
АНАЛІЗ СИРОВИНИ ДЛЯ ВИРОБНИЦТВА РОСЛИННОГО М’ЯСА
Authors: ШКАРАПУТА РОМАН , МЕЛЬНИК ОКСАНА , СПИЦЬКИЙ ВІКТОР
Published: September 2024

Статтю присвячено аналізу спектру сировини для виробництва рослинного м’яса, попит на яке швидко зростає у всьому світі. Одним із основних складових рослинного м’яса є білкові ізоляти (соєвий, гороховий, рисовий, машовий), які забезпечують структуру та текстуру продукту, а також забезпечують необхідну поживність. Ці інгредієнти дозволяють створювати продукти з насиченим смаком і необхідною консистенцією, які задовольнять потреби та смаки різних груп населення. Для досягнення необхідної текстури та форми м’яса використовують структуроутворювачі (модифікований крохмаль, декстрини, целюлозу, хлібні крихти, крупи, насіння чіа та льону), які допомагають зв’язувати ізоляти білку та інші компоненти, а також забезпечують необхідну щільність та структуру м’яса. Для підсилення смаку рослинного м’яса використовують різноманітні спеції та смакові добавки (куркуму, кумин, паприку, часник, цибулю, свіжі трави), для надання продукту відповідного кольору додають натуральні барвники, такі як сок буряка, куркуму, паприку. Кожен інгредієнт відіграє свою функцію, створюючи необхідну текстуру продукту, гармонійний смак та високу поживну цінність.
В роботі проведено оцінку альтернативних джерел білку з бобових культут (сої, гороху, машу), які можуть забезпечити отримання високоякісного рослинного білку з визначеним вмістом незамінних амінокислот.
Розробка та виробництво продуктів з рослинного м’яса має ряд переваг для збереження екології, гуманного ставлення до тварин, підвищення якості харчування та зниження ризиків виникнення аліментарних захворювань, дозволяє проектувати склад продукту з заданими властивостями, збільшувати поживну цінність та розширювати асортимент продукції даного ряду.
ПРИНЦИП ДАЛЕКОДІЇ-БЛИЗЬКОДІЇ У ЗАДАЧАХ СТРУКТУРИЗАЦІЇ ТА НАВЧАННЯ ШТУЧНИХ НЕЙРОННИХ МЕРЕЖ
Authors: ОДЕГОВ МИКОЛА , БАБІЧ ЮРІЙ
Published: September 2024

Класичні штучні нейронні мережі у загальному випадку потребують навчання значної кількості параметрів перехідних матриць між сусідніми шарами. Основна ідея роботи полягає в тому, щоб ці матриці задавати один раз та жорстко із якихось «розумних міркувань». Тоді навчати буде потрібно лише нейрони мережі. В якості такого «розумного міркування» у даній роботі використовується принцип далекодії-близькодії. Суть цього принципу полягає у тому, що нейрони попереднього шару впливають на нейрони наступного шару мережі тим більше, чим вони ближчі за топологією мережі. В даній роботі пропоновано використовувати радіальну структуру топології. Такий спосіб визначення геометричного розташування шарів забезпечує умови балансу мережі, а саме: сукупність впливів нейронів попереднього шару на нейрони сусіднього шару є константою незалежно від умовних номерів нейронів.
За математичною сутністю пропоновані штучні нейронні мережі, засновані на принципі далекодії-близькодії можна віднести до специфічного підкласу нелінійних згорткових мереж. Нелінійні згортки реалізуються за допомогою ядерних дискретних перетворень, де ядрами перетворень є перехідні матриці зв’язків між сусідніми шарами.
В якості функцій активації розглянуто параметричні сигмоїди, які мають лише один вільний параметр – коефіцієнт нелінійності.
Розроблені алгоритми та програми застосовано для вирішення задачі навчання без вчителя – задачі кластеризації. В якості тестового набору даних обрано відомий набір рукописних цифр MNIST. Задачу вирішено на звичайному комп’ютері з використанням лише CPU (GPU не використовувалось).
Результати валідації отриманого розподілу 50 000 зразків набору MNIST по 1000 кластерам виявились дуже обнадійливими. А саме: час вирішення задач навчання та суто кластеризації складає менше 10 хвилин, а точність вірного віднесення до кластерів на етапі валідації досягає 97%.
АСПЕКТИ ПОБУДОВИ СИСТЕМИ ЕЛЕКТРОПОСТАЧАННЯ АВІАЦІЙНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ДЖЕРЕЛ РОЗОСЕРЕДЖЕНОЇ ГЕНЕРАЦІЇ
Authors: БОЙКО СЕРГІЙ , ВИШНЕВСЬКИЙ СВЯТОСЛАВ , ПОЛІЩУК ПЕТРО , СОБЧУК НАТАЛІЯ , РЕУТА АЛЛА
Published: September 2024

The aviation industry is a component of the transport structure of any developed country. In Ukraine, among other types of transport, air transport occupied a worthy place before the armed confrontation. Undoubtedly, the time will come and the further restoration of air transport in Ukraine is inevitable. Unmanned aerial vehicles, which have become indispensable components of reconnaissance operations, are also actively developing today. The main factor in ensuring the functioning of aviation enterprises is electricity supply. Undoubtedly, the power supply systems of aviation enterprises are made with double redundancy, however, as world and domestic experience shows, there is still a need to increase the level of reliability of the power supply systems of aviation enterprises. Therefore, the task of introducing additional generating capacities into the power supply systems of aviation enterprises remains relevant. The advantages of implementing the proposed power supply scheme for aviation enterprises using distributed sources of electrical energy are: the block structure of the system, which consists of typical electrotechnological devices, which makes it possible to relatively quickly provide electricity to responsible consumers of electrical energy, and makes it possible to increase generation capacity in the future. Meanwhile, today's promising ones are electric energy accumulators based on hydrogen technologies, among which fuel cells should be singled out. Not the last role is played by the safety of operating fuel cells in the conditions of aviation enterprises, which maintains aviation safety at a sufficient level. The article highlights the vision proposed by the authors regarding the reconfiguration of the existing power supply systems of aviation enterprises using sources of distributed generation. This approach should increase the safety of operation by accumulating systems on the reliability of power supply systems of aviation enterprises. The proposed power supply system using sources of distributed generation for operation in the conditions of aviation enterprises makes it possible for the power supply system of these enterprises to acquire new properties due to the modularity of generating units of sources of distributed generation of electric energy.
ВПЛИВ ШТУЧНОГО ІНТЕЛЕКТУ НА СТРАТЕГІЇ ЗАХИСТУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ СИСТЕМ ВІД НОВИХ ТИПІВ КІБЕРЗАГРОЗ
Authors: ЛОЗОВСЬКИЙ РОСТИСЛАВ , МОРОЗ АНТОН
Published: September 2024

У статті визначено роль і значення штучного інтелекту в забезпеченні кібербезпеки, а також детально розглянуто методи його застосування. Окреслено переваги та ключові пріоритети впровадження штучного інтелекту в цю сферу. Проведено аналіз недоліків і ризиків, пов’язаних із використанням технологій штучного інтелекту хакерами в кібербезпеці. Вивчено інновації, досягнуті в практичному впровадженні генеративного штучного інтелекту, зокрема ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer). Означено правові основи регулювання штучного інтелекту в галузі кібербезпеки в Україні. Виокремлено загрозливі тенденції у використанні технологій штучного інтелекту на основі звіту Європолу за 2023 рік. Огляд законодавчих ініціатив ЄС, що стосуються регулювання штучного інтелекту, зокрема в контексті кібербезпеки, також включено в дослідження. Узагальнено рекомендації щодо вдосконалення правових норм для ефективного використання технологій штучного інтелекту в сфері кібербезпеки, особливо в умовах воєнного стану в Україні.
PENGARUH PEMAHAMAN PERPAJAKAN DAN KESADARAN WAJIB PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI (STUDI KASUS DI KABUPATEN PEMALANG)
Authors: Arifiah Nuni , Yuningrum Heny , Farida Dessy Noor
Published: September 2024

This research aims to analyze the influence of tax understanding and taxpayer awareness on individual taxpayer compliance. The research was conducted in Pemalang Regency. It is hoped that this research will be able to provide information, references, and input for the Directorate General of Taxes in order to increase taxpayer compliance. This research uses primary data. The population in this research is individual taxpayers in Pemalang Regency. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, which was then based on the criteria and calculations of the Slovin formula to determine 100 individual taxpayers. Observations, interviews, and questionnaires were used to collect data in this research. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression tests, which were processed using the SPSS 25 program. The results of this research indicate that understanding taxation partially has a positive effect on individual taxpayer compliance, taxpayer awareness partially has a positive effect on individual taxpayer compliance.Keywords, Taxpayer Awareness, Taxpayer Compliance, Taxation Understanding
Comparative characterization of anaerobic oil oxidation processes by microbial communities of sediments from natural oil seeps in Lake Baikal (Gorevoy Utes, Bolshaya Zelenovskaya)
Authors: Pavlova O.N. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Izosimova O.N. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Chernitsyna S.M. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Bukin S.V. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Ivanov V.G. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Khabuyev A.V. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Pogodaeva T.V. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Smirnova D.K. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Gorshkov A.G. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Zemskaya T.I. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
Published: September 2024

The comparative characterization of oil biodegradation processes under anaerobic conditions during the cultivation of microbial communitiesof sediments from two sites of oil seeps is given. The microbial community of sediments from the Bolshaya Zelenovskaya River oil seep, functioning under the conditions of long-term exposure to hydrocarbons, is focused more on the processes of anaerobic oxidation of oil in comparison with the microbial communities of sediments from the oil seep located near Cape Gorevoy Utes. This is evidenced by the high level of hydrocarbon biodegradation in both surface and deep sediments, regardless of the electron acceptors present in the medium. Oil degradation in enrichment cultures was accompanied by the formation of hydrocarbon gases (methane and ethane). The highest concentration of methane formed was found in the experiment with sediments from Cape Gorevoy Utes. Ethane generation, on the contrary, was more typical of the cultivation of communities from sediments of the Bolshaya Zelenovskaya River. Microbial communities functioning under anaerobic conditions in sediments at the sites of oil seeps are no less important in the processes of self-purification of the lake from oil “pollution” than aerobic microbial communities of the water column and surface sediments.
Search for bacteria capable of biodegradation of microcystins in Lake Baikal using molecular-biological technologies
Authors: Rymareva E.A. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya, 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Tikhonova I.V. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya, 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Sorokovikova E.G. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya, 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Kan G.V. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya, 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Suslova M.Yu. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya, 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Potapov S.A. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya, 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Krasnopeev A.Yu. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya, 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Gutnik D.I. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya, 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Gorshkova A.S. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya, 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Lipko I.A. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya, 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Gladkikh A.S. ,   Pasteur St. Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology Rospotrebnadzor, St. Petersburg, Russia, Belykh O.I. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya, 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
Published: September 2024

In aquatic ecosystems, biodegradation of microcystins is the main route of elimination and detoxification. In this study, we discuss the ability of bacterioplankton of lakes Baikal, Doroninskoye, Gusinoye to degrade cyclic microcystin molecule. PCR analysis showed the absence of the key enzyme microcystinase mlrA for mlr-pathway. At the same time, metagenomic analysis of a community of the toxic cyanobacterium Tychonema sp. BBK16 revealed the presence of the mrlC gene responsible for cleavage of microcystin molecule linear residues. In addition, all bacteria-symbionts of cyanobacteria contain glutathione transferases - enzymes involved in nonspecific degradation of lipophilic toxic substances, which also include microcystins.
Microbial biodiversity as an indicator of anthropogenic pollution of aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Senina A.M. ,   Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, Kazan, 420008, Russia, Khusnutdinova D.R. ,   Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, Kazan, 420008, Russia, Markelova M.I. ,   Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, Kazan, 420008, Russia, Siniagina M.N. ,   Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, Kazan, 420008, Russia, Boulygina E.A. ,   Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, Kazan, 420008, Russia, Khaliullina L.Yu. ,   Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, Kazan, 420008, Russia, Khaliullin I.I. ,   Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, Kazan, 420008, Russia, Grigoryeva T.V. ,   Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, Kazan, 420008, Russia
Published: September 2024

It is important to study the level of anthropogenic pollution of rivers in order to maintain the health of ecosystems and provide the sustainable development of society. Surface water pollution is mainly caused by urbanisation, agriculture and industrial discharges. Here, we present the results of a three-year study of the chemical composition and bacterial diversity of samples collected from three rivers of the Kuibyshev Reservoir. Statistically significant differences between chemical parameters and alpha diversity indices were found. In addition, a negative correlation was between the Shannon index and manganese content, and the Chao1 index with nitrite ions.
Comparative analysis of the microbial community in the water resources of the city of Kazan
Authors: Siniagina M.N. ,   Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., Kazan 420008, Russia, Khusnutdinova D.R. ,   Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., Kazan 420008, Russia, Markelova M.I. ,   Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., Kazan 420008, Russia, Senina A.M. ,   Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., Kazan 420008, Russia, Khaliullina L.J. ,   Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., Kazan 420008, Russia, Khaliullin I.I. ,   Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., Kazan 420008, Russia, Grigoryeva T.V. ,   Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., Kazan 420008, Russia
Published: September 2024

The study of microbial communities is a useful tool for monitoring the degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we analyzed the bacterial communities of the rivers Volga and Kazanka which are the water resources of the city of Kazan. Despite the lack of significant differences in the biodiversity of these river ecosystems, some microbial taxa indicate the degradation status of the Kazanka River ecosystems compared to the Volga River.
Identification of microcystin producing cyanobacteria in the plankton of Lake Baikal and Irkutsk Reservoir
Authors: Sorokovikova E.G. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya, 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Tikhonova I.V. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya, 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Naidanova Ya.A. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya, 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Belykh O.I. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya, 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
Published: September 2024

Genes of synthesis of hepatotoxic microcystin belonging to the genera Microcystis and Dolichospermum (Anabaena) were previously identified in samples of plankton from Lake Baikal and reservoirs of the Angara HPP cascade. However, accurate identification of toxin producing species is not possible without culture studies. In this study, 17 strains of planktonic cyanobacteria belonging to the most widespread species in water bodies of temperate zone were obtained by isolation and propagation of individual filaments or colonies. Using molecular biological and immunoassay analyses, it was revealed that the species Dolichospermum lemmermannii and Microcystis aeruginosa were microcystin producers. Of the eight D. lemmermannii strains obtained, only two produced microcystins, their morphological feature being the ability to form large colonies.