bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extracting the spatio-temporal linkages between land use/land cover and water quality parameters using spatio-temporal weighted regression
Authors: Karimipour Farid , Madadi Arash , Bashough Mohammad Hosein
Published: October 2018

Studies in water quality management have indicated significant relationships between land use/land cover (LULC) variables and water quality parameters. Thus, understanding this linkage is essential in protecting and developing water resources. This article extends the conventional geographical weighted regression (GWR) to a temporal version in order to take both spatial and temporal variations of such linkages into account, which has been ignored by many of the previous efforts. The approach has been evaluated for total nitrates and nitrites' concentration as the case study. For this, observations of 45 water quality sampling stations were examined in a time interval of 20 years (1992–2011), and the linkages between LULC variables and NO2 + NO3 concentration were extracted through Pearson correlation coefficient as a global regression model, the conventional geographic weighted regression, and the proposed spatio-temporal weighted regression (STWR). Comparing the results based on two global criteria of goodness-of-fitness (R2) and residual sum of squares (RSS) verifies that the simultaneous consideration of spatial and temporal variations by STWR substantially improves the results.
Characterization of heavy metal in soils as affected by long-term irrigation with industrial wastewater
Authors: Haroon Bushra , Ping An , Pervez Arshid , Faridullah  , Irshad Muhammad
Published: October 2018

Investigation of heavy metals (HM) fractions in soils irrigated with wastewater (WW) would ascertain their bioavailability and contamination level in soils. This study investigated HM fractions in soils after long-term WW irrigation. WW irrigation profoundly affected HM fractions in soil. The ranges of HM concentrations in soils irrigated with WW were apparently wide. All fractions were significantly higher in the fields irrigated with industrial WW than rain-fed fields. HM concentrations varied in the soils as Pb > Cu > Ni > Zn > Fe > Cd > Mn after WW irrigation. In rainfed fields, HM concentrations differed in soils as Fe > Zn > Mn > Pb > Cd > Cu > Ni. The HM fractions were dominant in the residual form followed by oxides bound and carbonate associated fractions in WW-irrigated soils. Lower contents of HM in the soil were obtained in the exchangeable fraction. WW irrigation resulted in the transformation of HM into different fractions as residual > oxide associated > carbonate associated > organically bound > exchangeable form. Repeated WW irrigation increased pH values of the soils. The higher EC of soil indicated an accumulation of salts in the soils due to WW irrigation. Mitigation of HM contamination in Hattar industrial effluent is required before irrigation.
A modified fouling index (MFI40) and fouling predicting approach for ultrafiltration of secondary effluents
Authors: Cai B. J. , Baudin I. , Ng H. Y.
Published: October 2018

Fouling indices for evaluating fouling propensity of secondary effluents (SEF) as feed of ultrafiltration (UF) systems are important parameters for the design and operation of the UF process. However, limited fouling indices have been developed and applied for UF feedwater. This study (i) established a modified UF fouling index (MFI40) by raising operating pressure from 30 psi in a traditional MFI test to 40 psi. Standard deviation of MFI40 tests was lower than that of traditional MFI by 68.6%, indicating better stability and repeatability of MFI40. It (ii) investigated the combined effects of UF feedwater characteristics on MFI40. Biopolymers and turbidity played a dominant and secondary positive role in the MFI40, respectively. The effect of conductivity on MFI40 changed from positive to negative with a turbidity increase. It also (iii) validated the MFI40 in both laboratory- and pilot-scale UF membrane units, and UF fouling rates were linearly correlated to the MFI40 of their feeds, and (iv) explored the practical use of the MFI40. It was applied to determine the maximum allowable UF feedwater quality (MFI40max), which could be used to select an appropriate pre-treatment process. A fouling predicting model was established based on the feedwater MFI40 and the operating flux, with an average predicting error of 26.8%.
Prediction of pipe failure rate in Tehran water distribution networks by applying regression models
Authors: Motiee Homayoun , Ghasemnejad Sonya
Published: October 2018

Four statistical models (linear regression, exponential regression, Poisson regression and logistic regression) applied to analyze the variables in pipe vulnerabilities with the objective of finding equations to predict probable future pipe accidents. The most effective variables in pipe failures are material, age, length, diameter and hydraulic pressure. To evaluate these models, the data collected in recent years in the water distribution network of district 1 in Tehran were used, with a total length of 582,702 m of pipes, and 48,500 consumers. The results demonstrate that among the four studied models, the logistic regression model is best able to give a good performance and is capable of predicting future accidents with a higher probability.
Calculation of water environmental capacity and pollutant sharing rate with water diversion: a case study of Qinhuai River
Authors: Song Weiwei , Pang Yong , Li Yiping , Zhang Peng , Xu Qing , Fu Xingqian
Published: October 2018

With an overall consideration of hydrology, water quality and pollution sources, and the pollution source area, which affect the water quality, the Qinhuai River basin has been simplified as a control unit. Based on the establishment of the control unit water environmental model, the most unfavorable hydrological condition has been set up. The model comprehensively considers the effects of boundary water quality and the response relationship between the water quality of a cross-section and the general population. The allowable discharge of each generalization outfall can be calculated by the response relationship, and the chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH3-N, and total phosphorus (TP) water environment capacity of the control unit can be obtained. As shown in the results: in the near future (2017–2019) with 35% sewage interception and 30 m3/s water diversion; in the long term (after 2020) with 82% sewage interception, the water quality can reach the standard. Combined with the measured calculation, the paper also has made a quantitative analysis of the sharing rate of the main tributary and sewage pump station pollutant flux in the control unit and the whole basin within the administrative district.
Improved grey prediction method for optimal allocation of water resources: a case study in Beijing in China
Authors: Men Baohui , Wu Zhijian , Liu Huanlong , Hu Zehua , Li Yangsong
Published: October 2018

Water shortages and the deterioration of water quality in the natural environment have a negative effect on social development of many countries. Therefore, optimizing the allocation of water resources has become an important research topic in water resources planning and management. An essential step in improving the utilization efficiency of water resources is the prediction of water supply and demand. Because it has a great number of merits, the grey prediction method has been widely used in population prediction and temperature prediction. However, it also has limitations such as low prediction precision since original data seriously fluctuates. This paper aims to handle the sample values by an innovative method utilizing moving-average technique (MA) model and optimizing the background values to make them more typical. Results proved that the prediction accuracy of the traditional model was effectively improved by the proposed method. The proposed model was then applied in the multi-objective planning to establish an optimal water resources allocation model for Beijing in the short-term (2020) planning timeframe, including local water resources, transfer water volumes, and other water supplies. The results indicated that industrial and agricultural water use could be well met, while domestic and environmental water resources may face a shortage.
Remediation of polluted river water by floating treatment wetlands
Authors: Shahid Munazzam Jawad , Tahseen Razia , Siddique Muhammad , Ali Shafaqat , Iqbal Samina , Afzal Muhammad
Published: October 2018

In this study, the potential of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs), inoculated with selected bacteria, to ameliorate polluted river water was evaluated. Floating cells were prepared by vegetating plants, Typha domingensis and Leptochloa fusca, on a floating mat. The plants were inoculated with three different pollutant-degrading rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial strains. Significantly greater decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and total organic carbon (TOC) was observed in inoculated FTWs than in the wetlands without bacterial inoculation. However, a slight decrease in pH and EC was seen in most of the treatments. The total nitrogen (TN), nitrate and total phosphorus (TP) contents decreased to 1.77 mg/L, 0.80 mg/L and 0.60 mg/L, respectively. Additionally, the concentration of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr) in the water lowered to 0.41, 0.16, 0.10, 0.25, and 0.08 mg/L, respectively. Overall the performance of T. domingensis was significantly better than L. fusca. The treated effluents meet the water quality guidelines for irrigation and aquatic life. This study revealed that FTWs supplemented with selective bacteria are a promising approach for the restoration and management of polluted river water.
Performance of a storage tank coupled with UV light on enteric virus inactivation in drinking water
Authors: Garcia Lucas Ariel Totaro , Barardi Célia Regina Monte
Published: October 2018

Water destined for personal and household consumption should be safe and acceptable in taste, odor and color. However, complaints about drinking water quality are a common issue among the Brazilian population. Also, due to the pollution of water bodies, social groups that are not supplied by treated water may be exposed to different contaminants. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of a water treatment tank coupled with UV light on the inactivation of enteric viruses and the reduction of chlorine concentration for use in residences, as well as in rural and isolated communities. Viral disinfection and chlorine concentration decay assays were performed in a tank with capacity of 300 L and a 36-W UV lamp coupled, with controlled temperature. Recombinant human adenovirus (AdHu5-GFP) and murine norovirus (MNV-1) infectivity were assessed after 0, 3, 6 and 12 h of water recirculation. 99.99% inactivation was reached after 12 h for AdHu5-GFP and before 6 h for MNV-1. Chlorine concentration had a decay of 0.77 mg/L after 12 h. Regarding the efficiency observed, a product model was designed. This tank model was efficient in ensuring viral inactivation as well as in reducing residual chlorine and can be adjusted to other scales.
Enhancement of COD, ammonia, phosphate and sulfide simultaneous removal by the anaerobic photosynthetic bacterium of Ectothiorhodospira magna in batch and sequencing batch culture
Authors: Zhao Xin , Li Xuejie , Qi Nan , Fu Zhongtian , Chen Meng , Jiang Binhui , Hu Xiaomin
Published: October 2018

An anaerobic photosynthetic bacterium, with chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total phosphorus (TP) and sulfide (S2−) simultaneous removal ability, strain SU6, was isolated and identified as belonging to Ectothiorhodospira magna. Its removal efficiencies were simultaneously evaluated in batch culture and influenced in sequencing batch culture. The maximum COD, NH3-N, TP and S2− removal rates of 93.04%, 86.70%, 37.55% and 99.99% were obtained in batch culture with an initial pH 8.0 at 35 °C after 72 h. The simultaneous removal efficiency was enhanced in sequencing batch culture, and 789.27 mg/L COD, 68.91 mg/L NH3-N, 70.20 mg/L S2− and 5.26 mg/L TP were removed by the end of the last cycle within 24 h. This was the first time of reporting contaminants' simultaneous removal by a pure-cultured photosynthetic bacterium. The experimental results demonstrate that E. magna can efficiently serve as a good candidate in anaerobic wastewater contaminants' simultaneous removal, and maybe as another model anaerobic photosynthetic microorganism for water purification investigations.
The use of steel slags in the heterogeneous Fenton process for decreasing the chemical oxygen demand of oil refinery wastewater
Authors: Heidari Behnam , Soleimani Mohsen , Mirghaffari Nourollah
Published: October 2018

The Fenton process is a useful and inexpensive type of advanced oxidation process for industrial wastewater treatment. This study was performed with the aim of using the steel slag as a catalyst in the heterogeneous Fenton process in order to reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of oil refinery wastewater. The effects of various parameters including the reaction time (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 h), pH (2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0), the concentration of steel slag (12.5, 25.0 and 37.5 g/L), and H2O2 concentration (100, 250, 400 and 500 mg/L) on the Fenton process were investigated. Furthermore, the effect of microwave irradiation on the process efficiency was studied by considering the optimum conditions of the mentioned parameters. The results showed that using 25.0 g/L of steel slag and 250 mg/L H2O2, at pH = 3.0, could reduce COD by up to 64% after 2.0 h. Also, microwave irradiation decreased the time of the process from 120 min to 25 min in the optimum conditions, but it consumed a high amount of energy. It could be concluded that steel slags had a high potential in the treatment of oil refinery wastewater through the Fenton process.
A VFA-based controller for anaerobic digestion of industrial winery wastewater
Authors: Vargas-Morales Gustavo , Chamy Rolando , García-Gen Santiago
Published: October 2018

A variable-gain controller for anaerobic digestion of industrial winery wastewater is presented. A control law using both volatile fatty acids (VFA) and methane production rate as controlled variables and organic loading rate (OLR) as manipulated variable is defined. The process state is quantitatively estimated by an empirical function comparing VFA measurements against a setpoint value; then, it is modified with a second empirical function that compares the methane flow rate with a maximum capacity reference, and finally it is adjusted with a third factor considering the actual hydraulic retention time. The variable-gain function determines the extent of the OLR change applied to the system. The controller was successfully validated in a 95 L upflow-anaerobic-sludge-blanket (UASB) reactor, treating industrial wine wastewater at OLR ranged between 2.0 and 39.2 g COD/L d for 120 days at mesophilic conditions. Higher performance was achieved contrasted with a conventional strategy carried out in a parallel UASB unit.
Enhancing microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance in treatment of solid potato waste by mixed feeding of boiled potato and waste activated sludge
Authors: Du Haixia , Guo Jiangyang , Xu Yizhen , Wu Yanxia , Li Fusheng , Wu Huifang
Published: October 2018

The effects of mixed feeding of boiled potato and waste activated sludge (WAS) on the performance of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) in treating solid potato waste were investigated. The coulombic efficiency (CE) of four MFCs fed with potato cubes containing 0, 48.7, 67.3 and 85.6% of boiled potato was 53.5, 70.5, 92.7 and 71.1%, respectively, indicating enhanced electricity generation and the existence of an optimum mixing ratio. The hydrolysis rate estimated using a first-order sequential hydrolysis model increased from 0.061 to 0.191 day−1, leading to shortening of the startup time for current density reaching its maximum from 25 to 5 days. The final chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal reached 85%. The CE of seven MFCs, fed with raw potato alone, sterilized/unsterilized WAS alone, and four mixed samples of raw potato with sterilized WAS at ratios of 2:1 and 4:1 and unsterilized WAS at 2:1 and 4:1, was found to be 6.1, 43.6, 0.3, 31.0, 16.5, 0.9 and 31.1%, respectively. The hydrolysis rate increased from 0.056 to 0.089 day−1, and the final COD removal changed from 39.5 to 89.6% following the order: potato alone > mixture of potato & WAS > sterilized WAS alone > unsterilized WAS alone.
Removal of PAHs from leachate using a combination of chemical precipitation and Fenton and ozone oxidation
Authors: Ates H. , Argun M. E.
Published: October 2018

In this study, six emerging pollutants, belonging to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) group, found in landfill leachate were investigated for their removal by sequential treatment processes including chemical precipitation (CP), Fenton oxidation (FO) and ozone oxidation (OO). Each treatment process was run under different conditions using an experimental design program. Optimization of both CP and FO processes was designed based on the measured values of the residual chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the samples analyzed. The analysis of variance test was applied to the obtained results for determination of statistical significance of the model. Removal efficiencies of micropollutants were determined in the optimal conditions both for CP and FO processes. Samples obtained after these processes were treated with different pH and ozonation times for observing the performances of ozonation on micropollutant removal under different operating conditions. In this study, the removal of acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene micropollutants was investigated. The values obtained for PAHs in leachate were determined to be above 10 ppb. In the CP process, the removal efficiencies for PAHs were ranged between 6% and 40% except for pyrene. Removal efficiencies of all micropollutants with FO were over 70% except for fluorene (55%). The removal efficiencies of the investigated micropollutants were 80–100% as a result of consecutive treatment processes including CP, FO and OO respectively.
Comparative study of membrane bioreactor (MBR) and activated sludge processes in the treatment of Moroccan domestic wastewater
Authors: Kitanou S. , Tahri M. , Bachiri B. , Mahi M. , Hafsi M. , Taky M. , Elmidaoui A.
Published: October 2018

The study was based on an external pilot-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) with a ceramic membrane compared to a conventional activated sludge process (ASP) plant. Both systems received their influent from domestic wastewater. The MBR produced an effluent of much better quality than the ASP in terms of total suspended solids (TSS), 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN). Other effluent quality parameters also indicated substantial differences between the ASP and the MBR. This study leads to the conclusion that in the case of domestic wastewater, MBR treatment leads to excellent effluent quality. Hence, the replacement of ASP by MBR may be justified on the basis of the improved removal of solids, nutrients, and micropollutants. Furthermore, in terms of reuse the high quality of the treated water allows it to be reused for irrigation.
Enhanced mineralization of hypersaline wastewater with Fe2+/Cu2+ catalyzed UV-Fenton process: process optimization and catalytic mechanism
Authors: Yang Xiaofang , Yang Zhaoyi , Liu Zhen , Zhang Weijun , Wang Dongsheng
Published: October 2018

The efficiency of Fenton oxidation was inhibited by the high content of salt in the industrial wastewater. However, enhanced mineralization of hypersaline industrial wastewater is necessary for advanced treatment and subsequent wastewater salt recovery process. Therefore, Fe2+ and Cu2+ catalyzed UV-Fenton oxidation were carried out to improve the total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency for a hypersaline wastewater from resin manufacturing. The performance of UV-Fe/Cu-Fenton oxidation was comparatively investigated and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to develop a practical high-efficient mineralization treatment technique for hypersaline wastewater. More than 90% of TOC was removed under optimal conditions of UV-Fe2+ and UV-Cu2+-Fenton oxidation, namely 9.6 mM Fe2+ and 176 mM H2O2, and 2.95 mM Cu2+ and 276 mM H2O2, respectively. The reactive oxygen radicals identified using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy revealed that hydroxyl radical was dominant oxidant in UV-Fe2+-Fenton process, while HO2·/O2·− played a more important role in the UV-Cu-Fenton system. The Cl− effect is also different for UV Fe and Cu Fenton. Moreover, no scaling and sludge problem makes UV-Cu-Fenton a promising alternative method for efficient mineralization of hypersaline industrial wastewater.
Evaluating of heavy metal pollution in Amir-Kalayeh wetland using geochemical and statistical analyses
Authors: Khosheghbal Maryam Zare , Esmaeilzadeh Marjan
Published: October 2018

Metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems has created concern due to its toxicity, environmental stability and ability to transfer into the food chain, and monitoring the metal source is one way to decrease the environmental impact. The present study aimed to investigate metal concentrations of Al, Fe, Mg, P, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V and Zn, their spatial distribution, origin of the contaminants, contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), enrichment factor (EF), and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) in surface sediments of the Amir-Kalayeh wetland. Using statistical methods such as Pearson correlation coefficient, cluster analysis and factor analysis, the natural or anthropogenic origin of these elements was determined. According to the results, As, Cd, Mn, Mo And Pb have CFs higher than 1, which means they have contaminated the area. In this research, PLI was 0.9, which means the sediments of Amir-Kalayeh wetland are not polluted. The highest EF belongs to Mn and Mo. Determining Igeo showed that none of the metals in Amir-Kalayeh wetland are within the pollution range. However, the enrichment of elements in the sediments shows that continuous monitoring and managing of metal pollution source in this wetland is an essential step.
Sensitivity analysis for an elemental sulfur-based two-step denitrification model
Authors: Kostrytsia A. , Papirio S. , Mattei M. R. , Frunzo L. , Lens P. N. L. , Esposito G.
Published: October 2018

A local sensitivity analysis was performed for a chemically synthesized elemental sulfur (S0)-based two-step denitrification model, accounting for nitrite (NO2−) accumulation, biomass growth and S0 hydrolysis. The sensitivity analysis was aimed at verifying the model stability, understanding the model structure and individuating the model parameters to be further optimized. The mass specific area of the sulfur particles (a*) and hydrolysis kinetic constant (k1) were identified as the dominant parameters on the model outputs, i.e. nitrate (NO3−), NO2− and sulfate (SO42−) concentrations, confirming that the microbially catalyzed S0 hydrolysis is the rate-limiting step during S0-driven denitrification. Additionally, the maximum growth rates of the denitrifying biomass on NO3− and NO2− were detected as the most sensitive kinetic parameters.
Submerged attached-growth reactors as lagoon retrofits for cold-weather ammonia removal: performance and sizing
Authors: Mattson Rebecca R. , Wildman Matt , Just Craig
Published: October 2018

Small towns that operate wastewater treatment lagoons struggle to meet ammonia limits in cold weather. Here we report the performance of a lagoon, retrofitted with submerged attached growth reactors (SAGRsTM), to provide insight on ammonia effluent compliance and optimal SAGR sizing as functions of water temperature. The lagoon-SAGR water resource recovery facility (WRRF) removed 95% of incoming ammonia with 94% attributed to the SAGRs. The high treatment capacity of the two primary SAGRs, evidenced by nearly continuous dissolved oxygen saturation and exceedingly high ammonia removals, suggested the two secondary SAGRs were essentially unnecessary and that all four SAGRs should be reduced in size. Furthermore, without the secondary SAGRs, the primary SAGR effluent would have exceeded the permitted ammonia discharge limit only four times in the 2.5-year study. At its current size, the lagoon-SAGR WRRF never exceeded permitted ammonia limits, but size reductions should be used for future retrofits.
Long-term investigation of phosphorus removal by iron electrocoagulation in small-scale wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Mishima I. , Hama M. , Tabata Y. , Nakajima J.
Published: October 2018

Small-scale wastewater treatment plants (SWTPs), called Johkasou, are widely used as decentralized and individual wastewater treatment systems in sparsely populated areas in Japan. Even in SWTPs, nutrients should be removed to control eutrophication. An iron electrolysis method is effective to remove phosphorus chemically in SWTPs. However, it is necessary to determine the precise conditions under which phosphorus can be effectively and stably removed in full scale SWTPs for a long period. Therefore, long-term phosphorus removal from SWTPs was investigated and optimum operational conditions for phosphorus removal by iron electrolysis were analyzed in this study. Efficient phosphorus removal can be achieved for a long time by adjusting the amount of iron against the actual population equivalent. The change of the recirculation ratio had no negative effect on overall phosphorus removal. Phosphorus release to the bulk phase was prevented by the accumulated iron, which was supplied by iron electrolysis, resulting in stable phosphorus removal. The effect of environmental load reduction due to phosphorus removal by iron electrolysis was greater than the cost of power consumption for iron electrolysis.
Mineralization of quinoline in aqueous solution by microwave-assisted catalytic wet peroxide oxidation system: process optimization, products analysis and degradation route research
Authors: Li Zhipeng , Liu Feng , Zhang Bo , Ding Yi , You Hong , Jin Chao
Published: October 2018

The experimental design methodology was used to optimize the experimental parameters of quinoline mineralization by microwave-enhanced catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO). Initial pH value, temperature, H2O2 dosage, and microwave power were selected as independent variables. The mineralization efficiency approached 83.82% under the optimized conditions: initial pH 6.00, temperature 60 °C, H2O2 dosage 0.09 mol/L, and microwave power 565.10 W. Regression analysis with an R2 value of 0.9867 showed a good agreement between the experimental results and the predicted values. Furthermore, based on the detection and identification of products by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, the oxidation degradation pathways of quinoline were proposed. The energy balance and costs analysis indicated that the total cost of the microwave-enhanced CWPO process for wastewater treatment was 40.60 yuan/m3.
Prospects in bioelectrochemical technologies for wastewater treatment
Authors: Perazzoli Simone , de Santana Neto José P. , Soares Hugo M.
Published: October 2018

Bioelectrochemical technologies are emerging as innovative solutions for waste treatment, offering flexible platforms for both oxidation and reduction reaction processes. A great variety of applications have been developed by utilizing the energy produced in bioelectrochemical systems, such as direct electric power generation, chemical production or water desalination. This manuscript provides a literature review on the prospects in bioelectrochemical technologies for wastewater treatment, including organic, nutrients and metals removal, production of chemical compounds and desalination. The challenges and perspectives for scale-up were discussed. A technological strategy to improve the process monitoring and control based on big data platforms is also presented. To translate the viability of wastewater treatment based on bioelectrochemical technologies into commercial application, it is necessary to exploit interdisciplinary areas by combining the water/wastewater sector, energy and data analytics technologies.
Investigation of a novel pyrolusite particle electrode effects in the chlorine-containing wastewater
Authors: Hong Liang , Yang Qiu , Liying Zhao , Yingyan Chen , Bing Wang
Published: October 2018

Research on three-dimensional electrode system mainly focuses on the material of plate electrode and catalytic activity, and minimal attention is provided to particle electrode. Pyrolusite was prepared as a novel particle electrode with high active chlorine (ACl) yield. The particle electrode was characterised by scanning electrode microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and electrochemical properties. Results show that the intended pyrolusite particle electrode was prepared successfully. These pyrolusite particle electrodes were applied to degrade sulphonated phenolic resin in chlorine-containing wastewater and displayed an excellent catalytic activity. A total of 68.76 mg/L ACl was produced, and the CODCr removal rate was 49.55%. These results indicated that pyrolusite particle electrode is much more effective than the reference material, that is, granular activated carbon. Furthermore, the product of electrolytic process was characterised by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultraviolet visible spectrometry (UV-vis). The enhanced mechanism was proposed that the high degradation efficiency could be ascribed to the increase of ACl.
The characteristics of heat-driven ammonium adsorption in aerobic granular sludge
Authors: He Junguo , Xu Jie
Published: October 2018

Adsorption is an important step during the migration of ammonium from the aqueous phase to biomass in biological nitrogen removal processes. A deeper understanding of the adsorption mechanisms is encouraged in constructing nitrogen conversion models. In this study, the ammonium adsorption in aerobic granular sludge was investigated at different conditions. Analysis of kinetic data indicated that ammonium adsorption was a fast process and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics (adsorption rate constant k2 was between 0.031 and 0.065 g/(mg · min)). The maximum adsorption capacity and half saturation constant KL in the Langmuir isotherm model were 4.95 mgNH4+-N/g total suspended solids and 0.0126 L/mg, respectively. Effects of environmental conditions such as temperature, pH and competitive cations were also estimated. The optimum pH was 7 and the effects of competitive cations were in the order Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ > Na+. Values of thermodynamic parameters (ΔHƟ = −14.697 kJ/mol, ΔSƟ = −6.65 J/(mol · K)) indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. Desorption tests showed that the process was reversible and low temperature had a negative effect on ammonium desorption. These findings could be useful for completing the mathematical model of the nitrogen removal process in bioreactors.
Nitric acid-anionic surfactant modified activated carbon to enhance cadmium(II) removal from wastewater: preparation conditions and physicochemical properties
Authors: Sun Hao , He Xin , Wang Yongtian , Cannon Fred S. , Wen Hong , Li Xiaobing
Published: October 2018

The authors used a nitric acid (HNO3)-sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) method to modify a lignite-based activated carbon. These modified carbons were appraised for their removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solutions. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the preparation factors including nitric acid concentration CN, temperature T and SDBS concentration CS. Statistical analysis indicated that the interaction of CN and CS incurred the most effect on the maximum cadmium adsorption capacity (Qm). The optimal Qm appeared at CN = 3.29 mol/L, T = 76 °C and CS=30,700 mg/L. The optimal protocol achieved 44.21 mg/g Qm for Cd(II) which was about 7 times larger than for this pristine lignite activated carbon (LAC) (6.78 mg/g). The physical-chemical properties of the modified activated carbons following each synthesis step were characterized relative to their surface area, oxygen functionality, and external surface charge. It was confirmed that the developed surface area, functional groups and negative charges were mainly responsible for the higher adsorption capacity for the LAC that have been more favorably tailored by this HNO3-SDBS protocol.
Ensemble model to enhance robustness of flash flood forecasting using an Artificial Neural Network: case-study on the Gardon Basin (south-eastern France)
Authors: Darras T. , Johannet A. , Vayssade B. , Kong-A-Siou L. , Pistre S.
Published: October 2018

During the last few decades neural networks have been increasingly used in hydrological modelling for their fundamental property of parsimony and of universal approximation of non-linear functions. For the purpose of flash flood forecasting, feed-forward and recurrent multi-layer perceptrons appear to be efficient tools. Nevertheless, their forecasting performances are sensitive to the initialization of the network parameters. We have studied the cross-validation efficiency to select initialization providing the best forecasts in real time situation. Sensitivity to initialization of feed-forward and recurrent models is compared for one-hour lead-time forecasts. This study shows that cross-validation is unable to select the best initialization. A more robust model has been designed using the median of several models outputs; in this context, this paper analyses the design of the ensemble model for both recurrent and feed-forward models.
Assessing the Lexico-Grammatical Characteristics of a Corpus of College-Level Statistics Textbooks: Implications for Instruction and Practice
Authors: Wagler Amy E. , Lesser Lawrence M. , González Ariel I. , Leal Luis
Published: October 2018

A corpus of current editions of statistics textbooks was assessed to compare aspects and levels of readability for the topics of measures of center, line of fit, regression analysis, and regression inference. Analysis with lexical software of these text selections revealed that the large corpus can be described well by three index variables that summarize the lexical and grammatical complexity of the textbook excerpts. Assessment of those three variables indicates that substantial differences exist in the readability of the topics within textbooks with respect to lexical and grammatical complexity. This analysis suggests that general readability of introductory statistics topics within textbooks varies substantially and it is a recommendation that instructors: (1) be prepared to provide additional support for topics that are more grammatically and lexically complex, and (2) be aware that they can input their instructional materials into LexTutor VP or Coh-metrix as a quick screen for possible readability issues.
The Language of Financial Reports and News
Authors: Slattery Darina M.
Published: October 2018

Nowadays there is a huge volume of financial information available on the web. There is also considerable debate about the impact, if any, that this information has on share prices and overall market sentiment. Fundamental and technical analysts believe that there is some value in financial information and that it can be exploited for predictive purposes. This article provides a commentary on various studies that involved the analysis of financial content for various goals using various methods. This article includes a discussion of their main findings and recurrent themes and concludes with some possible future directions for research.
Динаміка стану здоров’я школярів в Україні за даними анкетного опитування
Authors: Nyankovskyy S.L. , Yatsula M.S. , Nyankovska O.S. , Tytusa A.V.
Published: October 2018

Актуальність. За останні десятиріччя стан здоров’я та фізичний розвиток дитячого населення України погіршуються. Серед факторів, що спричиняють зниження рівня дитячого здоров’я, чи не найважливіша роль відводиться навчальному навантаженню, стресогенна дія якого веде до розвитку дезадаптаційного синдрому з невротичними реакціями різного ступеня інтенсивності. Матеріали та методи. На основі даних анкетування школярів м. Львова у 2002 р. (20 000 школярів), 2013 р. (32 000 учнів) і 2017 р. (70 000 школярів) поданий порівняльний аналіз вікової частоти основних скарг і симптомів, медико-соціальних особливостей учнів 1–11-х класів. Результати. Стан здоров’я школярів останніми роками не має тенденції до покращання. Найбільш частими є скарги школярів на біль у животі, печію, нудоту, біль голови, зниження апетиту, симптоми вегетативної лабільності й астенічного синдрому, інші симптоми синдрому шкільної дезадаптації, що, ймовірно, пов’язано з високим рівнем шкільного навантаження, неадекватним харчуванням, дією стресогенних факторів на тлі значного зниження фізичної активності школярів. Сучасний раціон школярів є незбалансованим, він не забезпечує добового надходження всіх необхідних нутрієнтів, у тому числі вітамінів і мікроелементів. Висновки. Комплексний підхід до оцінки стану здоров’я школярів на основі об’єктивної інформації, впровадження нових оздоровчих технологій, об’єднання зусиль медичних працівників, педагогів і батьків може запобігти розвитку функціональних порушень і органічної патології в школярів, їх хронізації, зменшити симптоми шкільної дезадаптації, підвищити рівень здоров’я і їх здатність до навчання, а також запобігти розвитку захворювань у дорослому віці. При цьому дана технологія не вимагає значних фінансових інвестицій.
Ефективність застосування методу алергенспецифічної імунотерапії в дітей з атопічним дерматитом у поєднанні з патологією верхніх відділів шлунково-кишкового тракту
Authors: Sorokman T.V. , Ostapchuk V.G.
Published: October 2018

Актуальність. У структурі дерматологічної захворюваності питома вага атопічного дерматиту (АД) становить до 20,0 %. Тяжкість АД корелює з ураженням шлунково-кишкового тракту, що пояснює необхідність комплексної терапії даної патології. На думку практично всіх фахівців з імунології та алергології, єдиним методом, здатним впливати на всі ланки патологічного процесу, є алергенспецифічна імунотерапія (АСІТ). Мета: визначити ефективність застосування методу АСІТ в дітей із атопічним дерматитом у поєднанні з патологією верхніх відділів шлунково-кишкового тракту. Матеріали та методи. У роботі подані матеріали клінічного спостереження, клініко-лабораторного й інструментального обстеження 168 дітей віком від 7 до 18 років із АД у поєднанні з хронічним гастродуоденітом (ХГД). Порівняльну оцінку різних варіантів лікування проводили в 50 дітей: основна група — 25 дітей із АД і ХГД, яким поряд із традиційною терапією на етапі амбулаторного лікування проводили АСІТ за стандартною схемою протягом року, групу порівняння становили 25 дітей із поєднаною патологією, які отримували базову терапію. Результати. Клінічна симптоматика в дітей із ХГД у поєднанні з АД характеризувалася наявністю провідних синдромів: больового (98,8 ± 8,9 % хворих), диспептичного (91,6 ± 11,2 % хворих), інтоксикаційного (79,1 ± 7,2 % хворих) і шкірного (100 %). У групі дітей, які отримували АСІТ, середні рівні індексу SСORAD через три місяці після лікування знижувались на 61,8 %, через один рік після проведеного лікування — на 42,6 %. Відповідні показники в групі порівняння знижувались на 41,3 та 24,9 % (р < 0,05) відповідно. Застосування комплексного лікування дітей із АД і ХГД дозволило скоротити на 27,8 % термін купірування больового, на 14,0 % — диспептичного й на 25,0 % — астеновегетативного синдромів. Визначено, що відносний ризик розвитку рецидивів захворювання знизиться в 0,48 раза (c2 = 3,96, р < 0,05) при включенні даної терапії в схему лікування. Висновки. Проведене клінічне дослідження продемонструвало позитивний вплив комплексного лікування із включенням АСІТ на показники клінічного перебігу АД у поєднанні з ХГД. Запропонована комплексна терапія була більш ефективною порівняно з традиційним лікуванням навіть у віддалені терміни спостереження.
Вплив екологічних факторів на маніфестацію респіраторних захворювань
Authors: Kozhyna O.S.
Published: October 2018

Вперше в Україні в Харківському регіоні в 2015–2017 роках виконано IV фазу Міжнародної програми ISAAC. Було роздано 6330 анкет; у програмі взяли участь 6146 (97 %) школярів. Респіраторні скарги виявлені у 12,8 %: серед дітей 6–7 років — 13,2 %, 13–14 років — 12,4 %. Для виявлення динаміки поширення респіраторних симптомів проведено порівняння з даними І фази ISAAC (Огнєв В.А., 1998) — за останні 19 років поширеність респіраторних симптомів знизилася у 1,6 раза серед дітей молодшого шкільного віку, у 2 рази — в підлітковому віці. Дослідження проведено в 8 районах Харківської області (Лозівському, Куп’янському, Вовчанському, Богодухівському, Сахновщанському, Барвінківському, Дергачівському, Нововодолазькому), що відрізняються екологічними характеристиками середовища. В екологічно забруднених районах вище поширеність wheezing у 1,4 раза, симптомів астми фізичного напруження — у 1,9 раза та у 3,4 раза частіше відзначаються тяжкі напади задишки, що порушують нічний сон. Дослідження спрямовано на удосконалення профілактики бронхіальної астми в дитячій популяції Харківської області.
Вплив поліморфізму гена інтерлейкіну-10 на перебіг муковісцидозу в дітей
Authors: Drobova N.M.
Published: October 2018

Актуальність. Муковісцидоз (МВ) — генетичне захворювання, перебіг якого залежить не тільки від мутації гена трансмембранного регулятора МВ, але й від інших генів-модифікаторів. Ген інтерлейкіну-10 (ІЛ-10) входить до переліку таких модифікуючих факторів. Мета. Удосконалення медичної допомоги хворим на МВ шляхом уточнення прогнозу перебігу на підставі визначення патогенетичної ролі поліморфізму гена-модифікатора запалення ІЛ-10. Матеріали та методи. 42 дитини з діагнозом МВ обстежені за стандартною методикою. Визначення поліморфізму G1082A гена IL-10 проводили за допомогою полімеразної ланцюгової реакції в реальному часі. ДНК виділяли з клітин букального епітелію. Результати. У групі дітей, хворих на МВ, із мутацією G1082A гена IL-10 встановлена більш рання маніфестація при кишкових симптомах і більш пізня — при легеневих ознаках, тяжкий перебіг захворювання (зниження об’єму форсованого видоху за 1 секунду — 70,0 (65,0; 72,0) %), ранній розвиток бронхоектазів легенів (72 %) та пневмофіброзу (95,4 %), цирозу печінки (36,4 %), переважання серед респіраторних збудників Pseudomonas aeruginosa (59,1 %) у бактеріальному пейзажі мокротиння, зміни імунного статусу (підвищення циркулюючих імунних комплексів — 8,65 (7,6; 10,55) од. та зниження індексу активності нейтрофілів спонтанного — 0,31 (0,24; 0,78) од. Висновки. Охарактеризовано фенотип МВ, який асоційований з мутацією гена IL-10 G1082A.
Преморбидные нарушения функционального состояния поджелудочной железы у детей с хронической гастродуоденальной патологией
Authors: Sorokman T.V. , Ostapchuk V.G.
Published: October 2018

Актуальность. Вторичная панкреатическая недостаточность в педиатрической практике возникает чаще и может проявляться в любом возрасте как на фоне алиментарных нарушений, так и при различных воспалительных заболеваниях верхних отделов пищеварительного тракта. Цель. Исследование функционального состояния поджелудочной железы (ПЖ) у детей при хронической гастродуоденальной патологии. Материалы и методы. Исследование проведено на базе гастроэнтерологического отделения Черновицкой областной клинической детской больницы в течение 2013–2018 гг. Основную клиническую группу составили 64 ребенка в возрасте 8–18 лет с хронической гастродуоденальной патологией: у 29 детей — хронический гастрит, у 30 детей — хронический гастродуоденит, у 5 детей — язвенная болезнь луковицы двенадцатиперстной кишки. Всем детям проводили общеклинические исследования, ультразвуковое исследование (УЗИ) органов брюшной полости, фиброгастродуоденоскопию, Ph-метрию, 3-кратное копрологическое исследование, определяли активность a-амилазы, липазы сыворотки крови, диастазы мочи, концентрацию фекальной эластазы-1 (ФЕ-1) в кале, С-пептида в сыворотке крови, уровень глюкозы в крови, пероральный глюкозотолерантный тест. Статистическая обработка полученных данных осуществлена с помощью программ «Статистика 6.0». Результаты. Ведущими были болевой (93,7 %), диспептический (90,6 %) и астеноневротический синдромы (57,8 %), нарушение моторно-эвакуаторной функции желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки в виде гастроэзофагеального и дуоденогастрального рефлюксов. У 35,9 ± 3,7 % лиц выявлены признаки поражения ПЖ: утолщение хвоста железы и повышение ее эхогенности при УЗИ, амилорея, креаторея, стеаторея I и II типа, изменения уровня a-амилазы, ФЕ-1, «плоские» кривые глюкозотолерантного теста, что указывало на начальные нарушения углеводного обмена. Медиана уровня С-пептида для детей основной группы составила 1,29 нг/мл (доверительный интервал (ДИ) 1,11–3,42), для детей группы сравнения — 0,89 нг/мл (ДИ 0,23–1,12). Тенденция к повышению уровня С-пептида зарегистрирована у 12 детей с избытком массы тела, у которых выявлена «плоская» сахарная кривая, а также нарушение экзокринной функции ПЖ на фоне ультразвуковых ее изменений. Выводы. Выявленные изменения функционального состояния ПЖ у обследованных детей указывают на необходимость определения функционального состояния железы и его контроль в динамике лечения гастродуоденальной патологии.
Современные аспекты консервативной терапии недержания мочи и сохранение функции почек у детей со спинальным дизрафизмом (обзор литературы)
Authors: Boyarchuk O.R. , Hlushko K.T.
Published: October 2018

Врожденные дефекты невральной трубки являются одними из самых частых врожденных пороков развития, при которых поражаются несколько органов и систем. В связи с совершенствованием хирургического лечения и коррекции гидроцефалии выживание этих пациентов улучшилось. В настоящее время важной проблемой, влияющей на качество жизни и ее продолжительность, является развитие нейрогенного мочевого пузыря у этих детей. Нейрогенная дисфункция мочевого пузыря вызывает необратимые патологические изменения верхних и нижних мочевыводящих путей. Вторичное поражение стенки мочевого пузыря, развитие пузырно-мочеточникового рефлюкса, гидронефроза, фиброза почек являются основными звеньями патологического процесса, который приводит к почечной недостаточности и смерти. Поэтому раннее активное наблюдение и лечение этих детей важны для сохранения функции почек. Активное применение чистой периодической катетеризации и антихолинергических препаратов при необходимости являются основными консервативными методами урологического ведения детей со spina bifida. Поиск литературы осуществлялся с помощью базы данных PubMed.
Медикаментозное управление окислительно-восстановительным состоянием организма при заболеваниях органов дыхания (часть 4)
Authors: Abaturov A.E. , Volosovets A.P. , Borysova T.P.
Published: October 2018

В обзоре литературы представлены современные данные об антиоксидантных витаминах — аскорбиновой кислоте и токофероле. Показано их антиоксидантное и иммуномодулирующее действие при заболеваниях органов дыхания.
Місце центральних міорелаксантів у лікуванні неспецифічного болю в спині
Authors: Zaychenko G.V. , Pliushch S.I. , Sinitsyna O.S.
Published: October 2018

У роботі розглянуто сучасні стратегії фармакологічного лікування неспецифічного болю в спині. Показано, що, незважаючи на деякі контраверсійні підходи до лікування згідно з останніми клінічними рекомендаціями, центральні міорелаксанти продовжують займати значне місце у лікуванні болю в спині. У той же самий час ненаркотичні анальгетики (парацетамол) вже не вважаються препаратами першої лінії терапії гострого болю в спині, як це було рекомендовано ще декілька років тому назад. Проведено аналіз групи міорелаксантів центральної дії. Показані значна неоднорідність групи та індивідуальні розбіжності різних препаратів. Щодо деяких препаратів групи їх виробники отримали приписи від регуляторних органів внаслідок несприятливого співвідношення «користь — ризик». Більш детально розглянутий один з препаратів групи центральних міорелаксантів — циклобензаприн, що є новим на фармацевтичному ринку України. Наголошується, що однією з вагомих переваг є лікарська форма цього препарату з повільним вивільненням діючої речовини. Це дозволяє використовувати циклобензаприн один раз на добу та сприяє покращанню профілю безпеки препарату та комплайєнтності пацієнтів.