bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influences on Counselor Race Preferences: Distinguishing Black Racial Attitudes From Black Racial Identity
Authors: Ferguson Tara M. , Leach Mark M. , Levy Jacob J. , Nicholson Bonnie C. , Johnson James D.
Published: December 2011

The authors examined differential contributions of Black racial identity and racial attitudes toward Whites in determining counselor preferences. Results indicated that racial attitudes accounted for a significant portion of the variance in same‐race counselor preference. In addition, Black racial attitudes were distinguished from racial identity as independent contributors to counselor preferences.

Los autores examinaron contribuciones diferenciales de indentidad racial y actitudes raciales de individuos Negros hacia Blancos para determinar las preferencias por un consejero u otro. Los resultados indicaron que las actitudes raciales se hallaban detrás de una porción significativa de la varianza en la preferencia por un consejero de la misma raza. Además, las actitudes raciales de individuos Negros se distinguieron de la identidad racial como factores independientes de influencia en las preferencias por ciertos consejeros.
Using Interpreters in Mental Health Counseling: A Literature Review and Recommendations
Authors: Paone Tina R. , Malott Krista M.
Published: December 2011

Limited understanding of the challenges inherent in counselor‐interpreter collaboration may potentially result in inadequate or ineffective mental health services. To provide guidelines for effective mental health assistance of clients who are English language learners, the authors review the literature regarding the partnership between counselors and interpreters. Suggestions for collaborative practices, including pre‐ and postsession directives, are included.

Una comprensión limitada de los desafíos inherentes a la colaboración entre consejero e intérprete podría dar como resultado un servicio de salud mental inadecuado o ineficaz. Con el propósito de ofrecer pautas para una asistencia eficaz a la salud mental de aquellos clientes que están aprendiendo inglés, los autores revisan la literatura sobre la asociación entre consejeros e intér‐pretes. Se incluyen sugerencias para prácticas de colaboración, incluyendo directivas para antes y después de las sesiones.
Advocating for Social Justice in Academia Through Recruitment, Retention, Admissions, and Professional Survival
Authors: Shin Richard Q.
Published: December 2011

There has been a growing focus on integrating social justice issues in counseling and counseling psychology fields. In this article, the author explores some of the opportunities and responsibilities that social justice‐oriented counseling faculty have within institutions of higher education. Specific areas of focus are recruitment, retention, admissions, and professional survival.

Se está prestando una atención creciente a la integración de las cuestiones de justicia social en los campos de la consejeríay la terapia psicológica. En este artículo, el autor explora algunas de las oportunidades y responsabilidades que la consejería orientada a la justicia social ofrece a las instituciones de educación superior. Algunas áreas específicas de interés son la contratación, la retención, las admisiones y la supervivencia profesional.
Experiential Training: Connecting School Counselors‐in‐Training, English as a Second Language (ESL) Teachers, and ESL Students
Authors: Burnham Joy J. , Mantero Miguel , Hooper Lisa M.
Published: December 2011

English as a second language (ESL) students present challenges to counselors who are unaccustomed to working with students who speak limited English. A field experience prepared school counselors‐in‐training to develop cultural sensitivity while working with ESL teachers and students. The counselors suggested that early experiential learning fostered multicultural sensitivity and refined counseling skills.

Los estudiantes de inglés como segunda lengua (ESL) presentan desafíos para aquellos consejeros que no están acostrumbrados a trabajar con estudiantes con un nivel de inglés limitado. Una experiencia práctica de campo preparó a los consejeros escolares en formación para que desarrollaran una sensibilidad cultural mientras trabajaban con profesores y alumnos de ESL. Los consejeros indicaron que el aprendizaje experiencial en fase temprana fomentó su sensibilidad multicultural y perfeccionó sus habilidades en consejería.
Depression, Sociocultural Factors, and African American Women
Authors: Hunn Vanessa Lynn , Craig Carlton David
Published: December 2011

The authors discuss depression in African American women from a sociocultural perspective, including aspects of oppression and racism that affect symptom manifestation. The authors highlight John Henryism as a coping mechanism, the history and continuing role of the African American church as a safe haven, and strategies for culturally competent practice.

Los autores discuten la depresión en mujeres Afroamericanas desde una perspectiva sociocultural, incluyendo los aspectos de opresión y racismo que afectan a la manifestación de los síntomas. Los autores destacan el John Henry‐ismo como mecanismo de afrontamiento, la historia y el papel constante de la iglesia Afroamericana como refugio seguro, y las estrategias para una práctica culturalmente competente.
A Comparison Between Mexican American Youth Who Are in Gangs and Those Who Are Not
Authors: Tapia Hugo A. , Kinnier Richard T. , MacKinnon David P.
Published: December 2011

This exploratory study compares the differences between 43 Mexican American gang members and 43 Mexican American adolescents who are not members of a gang on several demographic, educational, familial, cultural, and psychological variables. Differences were analyzed using t tests and chi‐square analyses. Discussion focuses on implications for counseling.

Este estudio de exploración compara las diferencias entre 43 Mexicoamericanos pertenecientes a alguna pandilla y 43 adolescentes Mexicoamericanos que no son miembros de una pandilla según distintas variables demográficas, educativas, familiares, culturales y psicológicas. Las diferencias se analizaron usando pruebas t y análisis de ji‐cuadrado. La discusión se centra en las implicaciones para la consejería.
Counseling and Psychoanalysis: Advancing the Value of Diversity
Authors: Hansen James T.
Published: December 2011

Arguably, the defining feature of the counseling profession is an appreciation for human diversity. Early counseling movements emphasized individual diversity, while multiculturalism and social justice highlighted cultural diversity. The author maintains that contemporary psychoanalytic thought can supply a needed intraindividual diversity perspective, which has been suppressed by dominant ideologies.

Podría decirse que el rasgo definitorio de la profesión de la consejería es la apreciación por la diversidad humana. Los movimientos iniciales en el campo de la consejería enfatizaron la diversidad individual, mientras que el multiculturalismo y la justicia social pusieron de relieve la diversidad cultural. El autor sostiene que el pensamiento psicoanalítico contemporáneo puede proporcionar una perspectiva necesaria sobre la diversidad intraindividual, que ha sido suprimida hasta ahora por las ideologías dominantes.
Biculturalism and Academic Achievement of African American High School Students
Authors: Rust Jonathan P. , Jackson Margo A. , Ponterotto Joseph G. , Blumberg Fran C.
Published: December 2011

Biculturalism was examined as a factor that may positively affect the academic achievement of African American high school students, beyond cultural identity and self‐esteem. Hierarchical regression analyses determined that cultural identity and academic self‐esteem were important factors for academic achievement, but not biculturalism. Implications and future research are discussed.

Se examinó el biculturalismo como un factor que puede afectar positivamente al rendimiento académico de los alumnos de educación secundaria Afroamericanos, más allá de la identidad cultural y la autoestima. Los análisis de regresión jerárquica determinaron que la identidad cultural y la autoestima académica fueron factores importantes para el rendimiento académico, pero no el biculturalismo. Se discutieron implicaciones e investigaciones futuras.
Effects of Target Person Expression on Ethnic Prejudice Toward Middle Easterners and Hispanics
Authors: Sullivan Tia N. , Scott David A. , Nocks Elaine C.
Published: December 2011

Research on implicit prejudice suggests that target person judgments may be affected by unintentional, but well‐learned, cognitive associations. Ethnicity, gender, and smiling or nonsmiling expression were varied as cues in White college students' perception tasks. The results of a factorial experiment are included as well as a discussion of the implications.

La investigación sobre prejuicios implícitos sugiere que los juicios del individuo en cuestión pueden ser afectados por asociaciones cognitivas involuntarias, pero bien aprendidas. Se variaron la etnicidad, el género y la expresión sonriente o carente de sonrisa como entradas para las pruebas de percepción de estudiantes universitarios Blancos. Se incluyen los resultados de un experimento factorial, además de una discusión sobre las implicaciones.
A Multicultural‐Ecological Assessment Tool: Conceptualization and Practice With an Asian Indian Immigrant Woman
Authors: Roysircar Gargi , Pignatiello Vincent
Published: December 2011

A multicultural‐ecological (M‐Eco) method assesses multiple levels of a client's presentation, such as individual, micro‐, meso‐, exo‐, macro‐, and chronosystems. An M‐Eco method is a culturally sensitive practice of Bronfenbrenner's (1995) ecological perspective that focuses on behavior's contextual and interactional nature and an individual's interactions within his or her cultural group as well as meaning making of contexts.

A través de una ecología multicultural (M‐Eco), se consideran múltiples niveles de la presentación de un cliente (individual, micro‐, meso‐, exo‐, macro‐y cronosistemas). M‐Eco es una práctica culturalmente sensible de la perspectiva ecológica de Bronfenbrenner (1995) que se centra en la naturaleza contextual e interaccional del comportamiento y en las interacciones de un individuo dentro de su propio grupo cultural, además de cómo se obtiene significado a partir de contextos.
The Influence of Africentric Values and Neighborhood Satisfaction on the Academic Self‐Efficacy of African American Elementary School Children
Authors: Shin Richard Q.
Published: December 2011

This exploratory study examined the relationships between Africentric values, racial/ethnic identity, neighborhood satisfaction, and academic self‐efficacy beliefs among 88 African American elementary school children. Results indicated that Africentric values and neighborhood satisfaction were both predictive of academic self‐efficacy beliefs. Racial/ethnic identity did not significantly predict the outcome variable.

Este estudio exploratorio examinó las relaciones entre valores Afrocéntricos, identidad racial/étnica, satisfacción en el vecindario y convicciones sobre la autoeficacia académica entre 88 niños Afroamericanos en la escuela elemental. Los resultados indicaron que tanto los valores Afrocéntricos como la satisfacción en el vecindario podían predecir las convicciones sobre autoeficacia académica. La identidad racial/étnica no predijo significativamente la variable del resultado.
Counselor Bias and Women
Authors: HELWIG ANDREW A.
Published: December 2011

Counselors are biased against girls and women. Several recent studies examining counselor's sex biases are reviewed. Research indicates that attitudes of counselor trainees, school counselors at all levels, counselor educators and supervisors, and clinicians are sexist. The Attitude Toward Women Scale was administered to 80 employment counselors. Male counselor attitudes were more sexist than female counselor attitudes. Suggestions for dealing with counselor bias are reviewed. Counselors must first battle their own biases. They should also be sensitive to the developmental stages of a person's life, as well as to job requirements and employer attitudes. Occupational literature should be nonsexist and nontraditional.
Black Women's Career Aspirations
Authors: FARLEY JENNIE , BREWER JUNE H. , FINE SUSAN W.
Published: December 2011

A 2‐page questionnaire dealing with career aspirations and expectations was administered to undergraduates at four institutions, of which two were women's colleges and two were universities. Results suggest that Black women as a group predict that they will be earning less than Black males; white women as a group predict that they will be earning less than white men but the pay gap is narrower. While some employers may believe that Black women enjoy a special advantage in the job market, students who are Black and female do not, it seems, share that optimism.
A Study of Components of Nursing‐Job Satisfaction
Authors: WAGNER JAMES T. , LOESCH LARRY C. , ANDERSON T. WAYNE
Published: December 2011

Three hundred sixty‐three nurses in one hospital were surveyed regarding their perceptions of different job‐satisfaction factors. The respondents had widely differing roles and characteristics. The nurses were questioned about both intrinsic and extrinsic job‐satisfaction factors. The results revealed many significant interactions between the role‐characteristic data and the intrinsic‐extrinsic factors data. It was concluded that nursing‐job satisfaction must be reviewed in light of the roles and characteristics of the nurses being evaluated.
Career Counseling Implications with the Gay and Lesbian Population
Authors: SCHMITZ TODD J.
Published: December 2011

In this article, the author identifies resources available to assist the gay and lesbian population with career planning and job search concerns. Evolving legal issues are also discussed.
The New Focus for Career Development Programs in Business and Industry
Authors: SCHMIDT SUSAN
Published: December 2011

The continuing need to deal with technological change and increased economic uncertainty has had an impact on carer development programs in business and industry. The focus of existing career development programs has changed from a shared vision of meeting both individual and organizational goals to an emphasis on fulfilling organizational needs. Although the rationale for implementing these career development programs was to promote both career planning and career management for the individual and the organization, the current programs reflect a new trend. The research on the current economic factors that affect business and industry indicates that the current career development programs tend to stress career management for the organization. This focus on organizational goals leaves the individual employee with a greater responsibility for his or her own career planning. A review of the research results also provides new information and strategies that can assist employees in their career planning.
Strategic Action Plans With Clients Who Have Learning Disabilities
Authors: REEKIE FRED A.
Published: December 2011

The deficits that create educational difficulties for individuals with learning disabilities (LD) also complicate their work lives. Employment counselors can build success in action plan creation and implementation by addressing each of the sources of self‐efficacy expectations.
Predictors of Client Satisfaction in Executive Outplacement: Implications for Service Delivery
Authors: WOOTEN KEVIN C.
Published: December 2011

This study examined various program components of professional outplacement relative to client satisfaction using a sample that comprised a majority of former executives seeking jobs. Results from a pencil‐and ‐paper client survey suggest that outplacement content components (job search training, preparation) and process components (consultant relationship, clarity of expectations, assistance in maintaining focus) were better predictors of client satisfaction when compared with contextual components (library, software, administrative support). Findings from this study suggest that issues of self‐efficacy may make a key contribution not only to client satisfaction, but to the design and the administration of outplacement services.
Employment Counseling for Adults With Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Issues Without Answers
Authors: CARROLL CHRISTOPHER B. , PONTEROTTO JOSEPH G.
Published: December 2011

This article provides an overview of issues employment counselors will face in counseling adults with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There is little research on counseling clients with ADHD, and counselors are often ill prepared to provide appropriate services for this growing and underserviced population. Reviewed is the evolution of the ADHD label and its prevalence in adults. Diagnostic criteria are presented, and a selected review of adult outcome and treatment research is provided. Strategies for counseling adults with ADHD about careers are adapted, with caution, from literature on counseling adults with learning disabilities (LD), and specific guidelines for the employment counselor are presented.
Exploring the Emotional Side of Job Search Behavior for Younger Workforce Entrants
Authors: LINNEHAN FRANK , BLAU GARY
Published: December 2011

Using a sample of 332 younger (ages 18–23) workforce entrants broken into subsamples, Study 1 found empirical support for 2 distinct types of job search behavior, detached and interactive. These 2 dimensions seemed to represent different levels of emotional involvement in the job search process. Significant correlates for each dimension of job search behavior were found. Using a separate sample of 117 working college students, Study 2 found that extroverted individuals favored interactive job search behaviors, whereas introverted individuals favored detached job search behaviors. The implications of these results are discussed and future areas of research are identified.
A Preliminary Investigation of Factors Affecting Appraisal of the Decision to Take Early Retirement
Authors: GOWAN MARY A.
Published: December 2011

This study examines why individuals elect to take the early retirement package offered by their employer, as well as factors affecting their appraisal of that decision. Content analysis, t tests, and regression analysis were used to examine the data. Results suggest that all early retirement decisions are not voluntary. Individuals who did not desire to retire and who had lower self‐esteem, fewer financial resources, and plans to continue working were more likely to appraise the early retirement as harmful. Employment counselors can assist individuals with preparing for early retirement by providing resources such as financial counseling and outplacement services just as they do for individuals who involuntarily lose their jobs.
Evaluations of Employment Suitability: Does Accent Always Matter?
Authors: CARGILE AARON CASTELAN
Published: December 2011

This “matched‐guise” study provides data regarding attitudes toward (Mandarin) Chinese speakers by eliciting non‐Asian Americans' reactions to Chinese speaker using 2 varieties of English (standard American and Mandarin Chinese‐accented) and introduced in the context of an employment interview with either an Anglo‐American or ethnic Chinese name. Results indicate that speakers in all conditions were rated equally suitable for 3 types of employment. Despite the fact that language attitudes research has consistently demonstrated that individuals with nonstandard accents are judged to be less suitable for high‐status jobs and more suitable for low‐status jobs, the present results contradict this generalization.
paraprofessionals: partners for employment counselors?
Authors: Th. Keune Carmen , Gelauff‐Hanzon Carolien W.
Published: December 2011

The Projectgroep Evaluatie Welzijn 0–18 jarige allochtonen (Research Group on the Evaluation of the Social Welfare Program for 0–18‐Year‐Olds of Ethnic Minority Backgrounds), a research group affiliated with the Verwey‐Jonker Institute, has studied the use of paraprofessionals in the Netherlands. This article is based on results from that research project. In the Netherlands, paraprofessionals are increasingly used to reach out to target groups, particularly ethnic minorities, and are themselves usually members of the target group. Employment counselors often need to provide guidance for people belonging to ethnic minorities. The authors recommend that employment counselors use paraprofessionals as partners in this process.
the career wheel: an exercise for exploring and validating one's career choices
Authors: Laker Dennis R.
Published: December 2011

Students are often uncertain and at times misinformed about the careers they are pursuing. Thus, they often make poor career decisions that they ultimately regret. The career wheel exercise is designed to help an individual to be better informed and thus make better career‐related decisions. This article describes the career wheel exercise, which is an active career exploration device. Through this exercise, students validate or invalidate their beliefs and assumptions about the careers they are actively pursuing or contemplating. Thus, they are able to make a more informed career and job choice.
Emotional barriers to successful reemployment: implications for counselors
Authors: Guindon Mary H. , Smith Barrett
Published: December 2011

Common responses to job loss include stress reactions, depression and anxiety, and lowered self‐esteem. Such emotional reactions can inhibit clients' ability to complete a successful job search and may be barriers to finding suitable employment despite the best efforts of the counselor. This article describes these common reactions to job loss and unemployment, explains how to recognize their symptoms, and discusses ways counselors can address these emotional barriers to finding meaningful reemployment.
Using the myers‐briggs type indicator® in career counseling
Authors: Kennedy R. Bryan , Kennedy D. Ashley
Published: December 2011

The Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator® (MBTI®; I. B. Myers & K. C. Briggs, 1943/1976) is a personality instrument with numerous applications. The focus of this article is on its utilization in the career counseling process. Although limitations of the instrument exist and ethical issues regarding its usage have been itemized, information gained from clients' MBTI® assessments have been proved to be useful to professionals in counseling and strategizing with clients about clients' psychological preferences, optimal career families, and potential employment opportunities.
Using portfolios to enhance career resilience
Authors: Borgen William A. , Amundson Norman E. , Reuter Jan
Published: December 2011

Two groups of government workers were involved in career portfolio development workshops that were designed to expand the workers' thinking about their career accomplishments, enhance their sense of career resilience, and create portfolios. Focus groups conducted after the workshops indicated that participants began to engage in “portfolio thinking” and to think of an expanded range of career options, which were reflective of increased levels of career resilience.
What communication skills do employers want? silicon valley recruiters respond
Authors: Stevens Betsy
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the satisfaction levels of Silicon Valley employers with the communication skills of newly hired college graduates. Employers reported that oral and written communication skills needed improvement in several areas, including the use of vocabulary and self‐expression. College graduates' skills are not always adequate to perform the tasks required on the job. Employers said students needed stronger writing skills; more training on professional uses of e‐mail; and additional education regarding self‐expression, impression management, and avoidance of slang.
Theoretical application of holland's theory to individual decision‐making styles: implications for career counselors
Authors: Miller Mark J. , Miller Thomas A.
Published: December 2011

Career decision making is an important aspect of career choice and career development. This theoretical article explores the relationship between J. L. Holland's (1997) 6 dimensions of personality and individual decision‐making styles. Implications for career counselors are also provided.
Career‐Community Development: A Framework For Career Counseling and Capacity Building in Rural Communities
Authors: Cox Robin S. , Espinoza Adriana
Published: December 2011

The authors propose a framework for career counseling in rural communities that addresses the psychosocial and economic challenges of natural disasters and other catastrophic transitions. The career‐community development framework expands the notion of “client” to include a community‐as‐client approach within a capacity building orientation to supporting workers in the wake of large‐scale disruptions. Drawing on a case study of 2 communities recovering from a devastating forest fire, the authors outline an intervention approach that integrates elements from psychological‐trauma theory, career‐community capacity building models, and libratory educational practices. Implications of this framework for counselor training and practice are discussed.
Are you sure? the role of uncertainty in career
Authors: Trevor‐Roberts Edwin
Published: December 2011

Although uncertainty is a fundamental human experience, professionals in the career field have largely overlooked the role that it plays in people's careers. The changed nature of careers has resulted in people experiencing increased uncertainty in their career that is beyond the uncertainty experienced in their job. The author explores the role of uncertainty in people's experience of their careers and examines the implications for career counseling theory and practice. A review of the career theory and career counseling literature indicates that although contemporary approaches have been offered to respond to the changed nature of career, none of the approaches have identified uncertainty as a core part of individuals' experience of their career. The broader literature on uncertainty is then reviewed at the societal, organizational, and individual levels.
Coping with stress in the australian job network: Gender differences
Authors: Patton Wendy , Goddard Richard
Published: December 2011

The authors attempted to identify (a) the coping strategies used by employment service case managers in Queensland, Australia, and (b) the strategies that could be beneficial in reducing the relatively high burnout levels that have been observed in this population. Significant gender differences in coping styles were found, and an association between burnout and escape‐avoidance behavior was identified for both female and male respondents.
promoting employability in a “flat” world
Authors: Parker Polly
Published: December 2011

T. L. Friedman (2005) described a “flat” world platform where competition and collaboration take place in real time among people all over the planet. Implications exist for people to assume responsibility for managing their own careers and ensuring their own security in a global economy. This article addresses those challenges from both the individual's and the career counselor's perspectives. It proposes the “intelligent career” framework—comprising 3 “ways of knowing” and interdependencies among them—as a helpful basis for effective career development. People can use the framework to navigate their careers in order to develop new skills, develop broader reputations, and in turn sustain employability.
understanding and counseling transgender clients
Authors: Kirk James , Belovics Robert
Published: December 2011

Because transgender individuals experience widespread employment discrimination, counselors need to understand and be able to work with members of the gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender communities. The aim of this article is to help counselors become more transgender literate by (a) defining gender dysphoric disorder and related terms; (b) discussing the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of gender dysphoria; (c) highlighting career realities faced by transgender employees; (d) touching upon legal issues pertaining to transgender workers; and (e) offering a few suggestions to counselors working with transgender clients.
age, experience, and learning on the job: crossing the boundaries between training and workplace
Authors: Onnismaa Jussi
Published: December 2011

A case study of a tailor‐made apprenticeship training program for experienced employees is presented. The existing and aspiring heads, managers, and experts in a single enterprise were offered apprenticeship training for special vocational qualification in engineering. The aim of the case study was to discover participants' views about age, experience, tacit knowledge, and workplace counseling. Considering the age and experience of employees and the personalization of adult learning creates a challenge for workplace counseling.
a look into the temporary employment industry and its workers
Authors: Kirk James J. , Belovics Robert
Published: December 2011

This article offers a brief overview of the contingent worker industry and its employees. In addition to defining temporary worker, the authors describe the importance of the temporary worker industry to the U.S. economy and the forces that have driven this industry's rapid growth. The changing profile of temporary workers, the benefits and drawbacks of temporary work, and ways employment counselors can help clients make the best use of temporary work arrangements are also discussed.
Empathizing With Harry Potter: The Use of Popular Literature in Counselor Education
Authors: GIBSON DONNA M.
Published: December 2011

In this article, the popular children's book Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (J. K. Rowling, 1997) is discussed as the basis for an activity in teaching and eliciting empathy from beginning‐level school counseling students. A description of the application of the book to this activity, the students' evaluations, and teaching recommendations and limitations are reported.
Using Existential‐Humanistic Approaches in Counseling Adolescents With Inappropriate Sexual Behaviors
Authors: PARRISH MARK S. , STANARD REBECCA P. , COBIA DEBRA C.
Published: December 2011

Adolescent sexual acting out behaviors frequently occur in the context of comorbid issues, such as depression, trauma, behavioral disorders, and developmental deficits, thus rendering any single treatment modality less effective. Augmenting traditional treatment with an existential‐humanistic perspective enables counselors to more effectively address a host of common co‐occurring conditions.
Moving From Victim to Survivor of Cultural Violence: A Conceptual Model
Authors: SALAZAR CARMEN F. , CASTO CHALLON
Published: December 2011

The authors propose the Moving From Victim to Survivor of Cultural Violence model, using the stages of D. W. Sue and D. Sue's (1999) Racial/Cultural Identity Development model. This conceptual model describes the process of first overcoming internalized sexism, domestic abuse, sexual harassment, rape, and other forms of oppression and then healing from cultural violence.
Narrative Therapy and Non‐Suicidal‐Self‐Injurious Behavior: Externalizing the Problem and Internalizing Personal Agency
Authors: HOFFMAN RACHEL M. , KRESS VICTORIA E.
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this article is to present an intervention, the externalization of client problems, which can be used to address non‐suicidal‐self‐injurious behavior. Specific externalization techniques are discussed, including naming the problem, letter writing, and drawing. A case application and implications for practice are presented.
A Person‐Centered Counseling Approach as a Primary Therapeutic Support for Women With a History of Childhood Sexual Abuse
Authors: EDWARDS NIVISCHI N. , LAMBIE GLENN W.
Published: December 2011

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is prevalent among women. Person‐centered counseling (PCC) is an effective core therapeutic approach to use when treating women with this issue. This article provides (a) an overview of CSA, (b) an orientation to PCC, and (c) a case example illustrating the primary application of this approach.
Dating Violence: Counseling Adolescent Females From an Existential Perspective
Authors: KLEM JOHN , OWENS ANDREA , ROSS ANGELA , EDWARDS LAWANDA , COBIA DEBRA C.
Published: December 2011

The authors present an existential framework for conceptualizing and intervening with adolescent females who are in violent relationships. Interventions involve addressing the adolescent female's anxiety associated with I. D. Yalom's (1980) constructs of meaning, death, isolation, and freedom. The goal of therapy is to assist the abused adolescent in the creation or transformation of meaning.
Wellness of Counselor Educators: An Initial Look
Authors: WESTER KELLY L. , TREPAL HEATHER C. , MYERS JANE E.
Published: December 2011

This study with 180 counselor educators showed that, overall, educators appeared to have high levels of wellness. However, differences related to academic rank, children in the home, gender, and marital status were found. Perceived stress and number of children were found to have a negative impact on wellness. Implications for wellness are discussed.
The Slaying of a Beautiful Hypothesis: The Efficacy of Counseling and the Therapeutic Process
Authors: HAUSER MIKE , HAYS DANICA G.
Published: December 2011

Although the efficacy of counseling has been empirically linked to the therapeutic process, the emphasis in much of the literature remains on technique use. This article discusses 3 components of therapeutic efficacy (i.e., common factors, working alliance, and counselor attributes) and provides implications for counselors and counselor training.
A Historical Review and Contemporary Reassessment of Free Will Concepts in Psychological Humanism and Counseling
Authors: WILKS DUFFY , RATHEAL JULI D'ANN
Published: December 2011

The authors review the history of the concept of freedom in humanistic counseling theory and present a contemporary rationale for including certain negative implications of existential indeterminate free will in the theoretical foundations of the profession. Implications for counseling and a table of definitions that clarifies unique constructs are included.
Using Family Leisure Activities to Support Families Living With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: LOCK ROBIN H. , HENDRICKS C. BRET , BRADLEY LORETTA J. , LAYTON CAROL A.
Published: December 2011

Support for families of children with autism spectrum disorders continues to be important, but formal support groups may not fit every need. The authors describe Family Fun Days, a program that paired leisure activities with opportunities for support. There was an increase in the number of participants over traditional support meetings, communication, and knowledge.
Academic Writing: Reflections From Successful Counselor Educators
Authors: HUNT BRANDON , MILSOM AMY
Published: December 2011

Twelve counselor educators were interviewed to learn what developmental and educational experiences help counselors become successful writers. Qualitative analysis resulted in 4 themes that revealed the important role of certain personal qualities as well as the support of others. Recommendations for becoming a successful writer are provided.
Counseling People Living in Poverty: The CARE Model
Authors: FOSS LOUISA L. , GENERALI MARGARET M. , KRESS VICTORIA E.
Published: December 2011

Counselors frequently counsel clients who live in poverty. The authors describe the new CARE model that addresses the influence of multiple systems on poor clients' experiences. A social justice, humanistic intervention, the CARE model emphasizes cultivating a positive counseling relationship with poor clients, empathizing with their unique realities, and working to remove barriers to future success and well‐being by building on their strengths.
Wraparound Counseling: An Ecosystemic Approach to Working With Economically Disadvantaged Students in Urban School Settings
Authors: WEST‐OLATUNJI CIRECIE , FRAZIER KIMBERLY N. , KELLEY ERIN
Published: December 2011

Urban schools are faced with challenges such as low academic performance, increased incidents of violence, lack of parental engagement with educators, and school personnel burnout. Wraparound counseling is a holistic prevention tool that combines the best practices of counseling and special education for use in the school setting.
Counseling the Physically Disabled Student: Accepting the Challenge
Authors: PULVINO CHARLES J. , BENTIN STEVE
Published: December 2011

The unique yet common needs of disabled students are highlighted in this article, and school counselors are challenged to humanistically encourage these students through expanded developmental programming.
The Instructional Values of Humanistic Educators: An Expanded, Empirical Analysis
Authors: SHAPIRO STEWART B.
Published: December 2011

Expansion of a previous factorial study of 40 humanistic educators to include 89 educators revealed two new factors, self‐determined evaluation and a spiritual‐transpersonal factor.
To Teach Religion or To Teach About Religion: The Bachelor's Degree in Religious Studies at Public Colleges and Universities
Authors: BENNETT J.C.
Published: December 2011

This study revealed that a disproportionately large amount of class time in religious studies departments at public institutions is devoted to the teaching of Christianity and Judaism, and that a Jarge percentage of instructors in those departments hold professional theological degrees.
Views of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Authors: DAVIS ALAN H.
Published: December 2011

The views of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., provide helpful insights for counselors and clients. King's concepts of human rights, related counseling approaches, and ethics are discussed.
Stages of Adjustment to an Adventure‐Based Program
Authors: Welch Ira David , Steffen Jeffrey P.
Published: December 2011

This article presents a description of stages of affective adjustment to an adventure‐based educational program. Identified affective statements were analyzed to discern any apparent pattern. Six stages of adjustment to an adventure‐based program were identified. The research methodology and the stages are presented.
I Could Have Died Laughing
Authors: Maher Michael Forrest , Smith Douglas
Published: December 2011

Caregivers of the dying would do well to consider the prescriptive power of humor when confronting the challenges of healthy care for the terminally ill. This article addresses laughter as the best medicine not only for the dying person, but also for family and principal caregivers.
A Values Clarification Intervention Aimed at Affective Education
Authors: Shechtman Zipora , Weisery Lea , Kurtz Helena
Published: December 2011

This article analyzes the effects of a classroom intervention program, based on the Values‐Clarification method. The intervention is designed to enhance pupil self‐esteem, classroom climate, and internal locus of control, which are all components of affective education. ANCOVA analysis indicated significant improvement in two of the three variables examined for the 150 fourth‐grade students.
Counseling Endorphins
Authors: Kottman Terry
Published: December 2011

In this article, the author introduces the idea that the experience of counseling another person can create “counseling endorphins.” She invites other mental health professionals to enter into a dialogue about the possibility of a counseling “high” and about how to design research to explore this phenomenon.
American Counseling Association Branch Journals: Viable, Scholarly Means for Publishing
Authors: McGowan A. Scott
Published: December 2011

The author outlines the efficacy of publishing research, theoretically based articles, and in‐the‐field articles in refereed, professional branch journals of the American Counseling Association (ACA). Means and ways of writing successfully for publication are addressed.
Family Functioning and Self‐Esteem of Middle School Students: A Matter of Perspective?
Authors: Cashwell Craig S.
Published: December 2011

The relationship between family functioning and self‐esteem of 619 middle school students was examined. Practical implications for counselors working with this population and their families are provided.
Reflective Inquiry on Practice (RIP) and the Development of the Writing Teacher
Authors: Shapiro Stewart B. , Tingle W. Nicholas
Published: December 2011

This article is the second published case study using the method ofreflective inquiry on practice (RIP)recently developed by the first author (Stewart B. Shapiro). The main purpose of this approach is the integration of professional practice with personal concerns. Most of the article is excerpted from the transcript of a reflective interview with an instructor of writing at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

He's speaking from anobjective[italics added] point of neutrality. All of it's just information. Even the theories are information. When I know damned well thattheories[italics added] are personal, (from a reflective inquiry on practice (RIP) interview)
Resistance, Gratification, and the Joy of Counseling
Authors: Hanna Fred J.
Published: December 2011

The phenomenon of the counselor's high can be an obstacle when working with a difficult client. If the counselor's need for the high is too great and not met, then anger, upset, and resentment toward the client can result. This is a worthy discussion topic in supervision sessions.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy: Humanism in Action
Authors: Hill Larry K.
Published: December 2011

Humanism, in both concept and philosophy, is encased in a literature that is predominantly abstract. As with most philosophical matters, it is difficult to translate its concepts into tangible day‐to‐day action steps. Rational emotive behavioral tharapy (REBT) provides perhaps the best and most detailed method for translating humanist concepts into humanist behavior.
Building Self‐Esteem of Children and Adolescents Through Adventure‐Based Counseling
Authors: Nassar‐McMillan Sylvia C. , Cashwell Craig S.
Published: December 2011

Fostering self‐esteem in adolescents is a common goal of community and school counselors, particularly counselors who work with at‐risk populations and issues. Adventure‐based Counseling (ABC) activities can enhance self‐esteem through both prevention and intervention efforts for children and adolescents.
Practice and Application: Successful Research and Writing for Publication in The Journal of Humanistic Education and Development: Counsel From the Editor
Authors: McGowan A. Scott
Published: December 2011

The editor of The Journal of Humanistic Education and Development and chair of the Council of American Counseling Association (ACA) Journal Editors presents strategies and guidelines for prospective authors to enhance the chance of successful publication in this and other ACA journals.
Research: The Relationship Between Childhood Bullying and Young Adult Self‐Esteem and Loneliness
Authors: Tritt Carol , Duncan Renae D.
Published: December 2011

Similar levels of self‐esteem were found in young adults who were childhood bullies, bully victims, and normals. However, as adults, bullies and their victims report significantly more loneliness than normals. That loneliness occurs more often in adults involved in childhood bullying has important implications for intervention and future research.
Beliefs of Counseling Graduate Students About Personal Responsibility
Authors: Kinnier Richard T. , Cabianca William A. , Garos Sheila , Barton J. Michelle
Published: December 2011

This study describes how responsible 123 counseling graduate students believed that individuals are (or should be) for 23 specific conditions or predicaments in their lives.
Rational Emotive Education for Improving Self‐Concept in Second‐Grade Students
Authors: Donegan Angela L. , Rust James O.
Published: December 2011

This study examined the effectiveness of Vernon's (1989) Thinking, Feeling, Behaving curriculum with 41 second‐grade general education students. The McDaniel‐Piers Young Children's Self‐Concept Scale (McDaniel & Piers, 1973) and the Behavioral Academic Self‐Esteem (BASE; Coopersmith & Gilberts, 1982) inventory were administered in a pretest‐posttest format. Results demonstrated that the curriculum was partially effective in improving the self‐concepts of 2nd‐grade students.
Measuring Behavioral Indicators of Self‐Esteem in the Classroom
Authors: Burnett Paul C.
Published: December 2011

This study aimed to develop and validate an instrument to be used by teachers to measure the frequency of behaviors indicative of self‐esteem and then to evaluate the instruments' reliability and concurrent validity. The Behavioral Indicators of Self‐Esteem (BIOS) Scale proved to be a reliable and valid measure.
Introspection as a Method of Raising Critical Language Awareness
Authors: Ogulnick Karen L.
Published: December 2011

This article examines the use of introspection in applied linguistic research to raise critical language awareness. The author provides an example of her diary study to illustrate the social, cultural, and political processes that underlie language learning. Implications, including those for teaching methodology, for humanistically oriented language educators are discussed.
The Faceless Nature of Racism: A Counselor's Journey
Authors: Gladding Samuel T.
Published: December 2011

The author relates how he experienced the Ku Klux Klan when he was 9 years old and how the event woke him to the evils of racism and its many disguises. The author goes on to share ways in which he has combated the “faceless” nature of racism in his life and in his role as a counselor.
Food Advertising and Eating Disorders: Marketing Body Dissatisfaction, the Drive for Thinness, and Dieting in Women's Magazines
Authors: Wilson Nona L. , Blackhurst Anne E.
Published: December 2011

Although the influence of fashion advertising on women's relationships with food and their bodies has received considerable attention, the role of food advertising in women's magazines has been virtually unexplored. Food advertisements reflect and contribute to the primary precursors of eating disorders: body dissatisfaction, the drive for thinness and dieting.
A Write Way: Fostering Resiliency During Transitions
Authors: Lewis Rolla E.
Published: December 2011

Fostering resiliency among students is an important goal for both teachers and counselors. This article presents the theory and practice that underlay a structured narrative writing intervention, “A Write Way,” which has been used to orient and help students develop more effective learning stories during their transition into high school. The structured narrative approach can be adapted to different teaching contexts from elementary school to graduate school.
Integrative Empathy: Training Counselors to Listen With a Theoretical Ear
Authors: Pearson Quinn M.
Published: December 2011

Complex expressions of empathy can include the thoughts, behaviors, or physical responses that accompany or contribute to the emotions. The focus of this article is to demonstrate how counselors can use empathy to integrate emotional understanding with the related thoughts, behaviors, or physical responses emphasized by different theoretical approaches.
Blacks' and Whites' Perceptions of Real‐Life Scenarios: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: BRINSON JESSE A. , MORRIS JOSEPH R.
Published: December 2011

This study investigated the perceptual differences between Black and White counselor trainees toward 32 real‐life scenarios featuring Black and White individuals. The authors hypothesized that the 2 groups would differ in their perceptions of most of the scenarios. The results reveal significant differences in perceptions on 4 out of 12 scenarios.
Using the Systems of Care Philosophy Within Counseling to Promote Human Potential
Authors: ADAMS JENNIFER R. , JUHNKE GERALD A.
Published: December 2011

The Systems of Care Philosophy, which incorporates clients' unique needs and strengths, encourages communication and involvement across disciplines and incorporates both traditional and nontraditional treatments to promote goal attainment, is the focus of this article. The authors present examples of Systems of Care Philosophy from clinical practice.