bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sektor kultury w ujęciu koncepcji smart. Kontekst pandemii COVID-19
Authors: Wójcik Dagmara , Juszczyk Patrycja
Published: October 2022

Artykuł porusza problematykę koncepcji smart w sektorze kultury, związanej przede wszystkim z wykorzystaniem nowych technologii. Praktyka gospodarcza pokazuje, że w omawianym sektorze można zaobserwować różne ich przykłady. Jednak znaczący wzrost wykorzystania nowych technologii można było zaobserwować w czasie pandemii COVID-19, szczególnie w sztukach performatywnych, reprezentowanych przez teatry. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja przejawów koncepcji smart w sektorze kultury poprzez ich egzemplifikację w obszarze sztuk performatywnych, widocznych szczególnie w warunkach pandemicznych. Zaprezentowane wyniki odnoszą się do jakościowych badań terenowych, zrealizowanych wśród teatrów publicznych i niepublicznych.
Zmienność modelu biznesu
Authors: Nogalski Bogdan , Czapiewski Roman
Published: October 2022

Zmiany w zarządzaniu przedsiębiorstwami, ściśle związane są ze zmianą sposobu myślenia, który powinien być wpisany w cele strategiczne funkcjonowania danej firmy. Przyjęcie odpowiedniego modelu biznesu oraz powiązanie go z działaniami w przedsiębiorstwie wymaga ciągłej obserwacji otoczenia oraz powiązania zarządzania strategicznego z działaniami taktyczno-operacyjnymi. Autorzy w pracy ukazali model biznesu składający się z czterech powiązanych ze sobą elementów, mianowicie: propozycji tworzenia wartości dla klienta, formuły zysku, kluczowych zasobów oraz funkcjonujących procesów. W artykule ujęto również badanie typu „case-study”, w którym porównano wyniki badań uzyskane w latach 2018 i 2019 uwzględniające wykorzystanie działań marketingowych w tworzeniu modelu biznesu w przedsiębiorstwie, które jest liderem na rynku w swojej branży. W badaniu tym wysokie oceny potwierdziły prawidłową realizację strategii, elastyczne podejście do klientów oraz działań marketingowych z uwzględnieniem budowania trwałych relacji rynkowych. W wyniku badań wskazano, że elementami mającymi kluczowe znaczenie przy projektowaniu modelu biznesu pozostają, analiza otoczenia przeprowadzana w kontekście światowych trendów rozwojowych oraz podwyższanie sprawności organizacyjnej przedsiębiorstwa.
Monkeypox – An update
Authors: Rahman Mamun Mohammad Mominur , Pasha AKM Mustafa Kamal
Published: October 2022

Abstract not available
JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 18, No 1 (June) 2022: 1-2
Prevalence of Diseases and Pattern of Medicine Used by Retired Armed Forces Personnel Attending at a Military Hospital
Authors: Hossain Abu Zafer Md Khaled , Sinha Sharadindu Kanti , Mousumee Rehana , Wahab Md Abdul
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Retired armed forces personnel constitute a large group of population whose treatment is ensured by the armed forces. Their disease prevalence and medicine use pattern will help the authority to take more effective decision for managing their ailments.
Objectives: To observe the medicine use patterns and disease prevalence among retired armed forces personnel.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional prescription evaluation was carried out on 546 prescriptions obtained from Others Rank (ORs) Pharmacy of Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka from mid June to mid July, 2020. According to World Health Organization’s (WHO) core prescribing indicators analysis, number of drugs/prescription, percentage of drug written in generic name, percentage of prescription with an injection, percentage of prescription with antimicrobials and percentage of prescription containing local purchase drugs were calculated.
Results: All the patients were male and their age ranges from 38 to 84 years with mean age of 58.6 years. Half of the patients were in 55 to 64 years age groups. About 43% patients had two chronic diseases. The average number of drugs per prescription was 5.3 drugs. Patients with single disease required less number of drugs/prescription (3.7) compared to patients having two (5.6) and multiple diseases (8.2). Hypertension was the most frequent diagnosis (n=330) and diabetes was the 2nd frequent diseases (n=307).
Conclusion: The average number of drug per prescription corresponds to the number of diseases. The retired armed forces personnel with active adult life (55-64 years) suffer more than the elderly (more than 65). Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are the most prevalent diseases.
JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 18, No 1 (June) 2022: 12-15
Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt Infection: Three Years Experience in Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka
Authors: Choudhury Ahmed ul Mursalin , Salek Md Al Amin , Faisal Hasnayen , Islam Md Aminul
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Treatment of Hydrocephalus by placement of Ventriculo-peritoneal (V-P) Shunt is a common neurosurgical practice. But presence of shunt predisposes to increased infection.
Objective: To focus on aetiological factors for developing shunt infection.
Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out at Neurosurgery Center, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka during the period of June 2015 to May 2018. A total of 33 patients were included in the study, all of them underwent CSF shunt surgery at this centre. They were followed up for one month after surgery. Age, sex and socioeconomic condition of the patients, types (obstructive or communicating) of hydrocephalus (HCP), aetiology of HCP, duration of surgery, shunt type used and routine or emergency surgery were the factors that were analysed for possible association with infection.
Results: Eight (24.2%) patients developed shunt infection, among whom infants and male were predominate. Low socio-economic group, prolonged operation time and emergency surgery were found to have association with increased rate of infection.
Conclusion: V-P shunt insertions had unacceptably high infection rate despite the presence of a protocol for the procedure. A protocol should be developed for strict compliance and where possible, alternative procedure Endoscopic Third Ventricullostomy (ETV) or External Ventricular Drain (EVD) should be employed to minimize shunt infection.
JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 18, No 1 (June) 2022: 16-18
Maternal Factors Affecting Birth Weight of New Born Babies Born in Combined Military Hospital Dhaka
Authors: Asaduzzman Md , Zafreen Farzana , Wahab Md Abdul
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the pernicious outcomes of pregnancy. To recognize the factors contributing to LBW is therefore of vital significance. But due attention had not been paid to address the issue. This study was carried out to candle the light on maternal demographic and health services factors on birth weight of a newborn baby.
Objective: To depict the pattern of birth weight of newborn babies born at CMH Dhaka and to ascertain selected demographic (age, height) pattern and utilization of health service factors of the mothers.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Dhaka from September to December 2011 among 110 respondents. Data were collected by interview using a semi-structured questionnaire and were checked, edited, coded, categorized, cleaned and analyzed by using SPSS version 16.
Results: Mothers’ age ranged from 19 to 36 years. Highest 43.6% of mothers belonged to the 20-25 years age group. Teenage mothers were 15.5%. Mothers above 25 years of age gave birth to higher percentage of average weight babies (88.9%) and teenaged (<20 years) mothers gave birth to a higher percentage of LBW babies (17.7%). About 44.5% mothers belonged to height 150-155 cm. Short stature mothers with height 150 cm and below were 16.4% and produced more (33.3%) LBW babies. As the height of the mothers increases, the babies born with better birth weight. The result was statistically significant (p<0.05). All the mothers had antenatal check-up. Highest number of mothers had 4-6 visits. Rate of LBW babies were found highest (31.8%) among the mothers who had minimum number of visits (1-3 visits). Mothers with 7-9 visits had lowest number of LBW babies (4.3%). Proportion of higher birth weight babies (>3500 gm) increased as the number of visits increased. The result was statistically significant (p < .05).
Conclusion: All these findings suggests that a substantial evidence of demographic factors like age of the mother during pregnancy and height of the mother and utilizing the health care facilities for antenatal care has an effect on birth weight. Ensuring health care facilities and addressing demographic factors like age of women during marriage, condition can be improved.
JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 18, No 1 (June) 2022: 26-29
Estimation of Lost Man Days among the Viral Hepatitis Patients Attended at a Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Md Anwarul , Rahman Ashiqur , Akter Mst Ralifa
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Viral hepatitis can cause a range of health problems and can be fatal. It is also prevalent in Bangladesh Armed Forces personnel and causing significant number of loss of man days.
Objective: To assess the total loss of man days due to viral hepatitis of army personnel admitted/treated in hospital.
Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka among military persons. Total 103 hepatitis patients were selected by simple random sampling from June to November 2014. Data were collected by semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed by using ‘Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version -19.
Results: The age range was between 20 to 43 years and mean age was 33.2 ± 5.8 years. Most of them suffered from hepatitis B (68.9%). Considering the rank structure, majority (51.4%)were Non Commissioned Officers (NCOs) and stayed in sainik line (46.6%). Due to reporting at Out Patient Department (OPD), 76.7% got 1-7 days sick rest and 73.8% have lost 1-7 man-days. Mean total man days lost was 55 ± 36 days. Mean admission days at hospital were 17 ± 13.7 days and the highest percentage was NCO (47.1%) followed by Sainik (39.7%). Total admission days of Sainik was not significantly association with admission days of NCO. But significant association was found within losing total man days between these two groups (χ2 = 4.88, p < .05).
Conclusion: The results confirm the significant loss of man days due to viral hepatitis infection in Armed Forces Personnel which should be considered as a public health problem.
JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 18, No 1 (June) 2022: 30-33
Pattern of Skin Diseases among Patients Attending Military Hospital, Ramu
Authors: Hussain Syed Hasan Mahmud , Hossain AKM Farhad , Chowdhury Imru Al Quais , Arifuzzaman Md
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The pattern and distribution of skin diseases varies from one country to another and even in different areas within the same country. Skin diseases can be influenced by so many factors like genetics, environment, race, religion, occupation, nutrition and habit. Skin diseases affect all ages from neonate to elderly.
Objectives: To evaluate the pattern of skin diseases in patients attending outpatient department (OPD) at military hospital, Ramu.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in CMH, Ramu from July to December 2019 among 1700 patients. All newly diagnosed patients of skin diseases irrespective of age and sex attended the OPD of the hospital were selected by purposive sampling. Patients’ diagnosis was made clinically by a dermatologist and lab investigations were performed only in case of diagnostic importance.
Results: Mean age of patients was 27.1±12.7 years and 58.8% were male. Majority (96.5%) received formal education and 59.4% were married. The mean of the numbers of family members of the respondents was 4.0±1.0. Maximum 36.5% respondents suffered from eczema followed by superficial fungal infection 19.5%, scabies 14.1%, acne vulgaris 11.2%, psoriasis 3.5% and viral warts 2.9%. Scabies was higher among younger age group and acne vulgaris was higher among females and these association was statistically significant (p < .05).
Conclusion: By appropriate prevention and awareness program morbidity associated with few contagious skin diseases can be reduced and a good amount of money and manpower can be saved.
JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 18, No 1 (June) 2022: 51-53
Ductography and Microdochectomy: the Diagnostic Procedure of Choice Alongside the Conventional Tools for Nipple discharge
Authors: Awwal Rayhana , Seraji Ahmad , Ahsanullah Md Redwan , Rupa Sharmin Akhtar , Akhter Shabnam , Joarder Ruhul Hassan
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Nipple discharge is the presenting complaint in 3-10% of all women with breast-related complaints. It causes considerable anxiety in the modern cancer-conscious woman. Breast surgeons frequently use various tools for diagnosing the underlying cause of nipple discharge. A definitive diagnostic approach is crucial for an accurate diagnosis of the aetiology and exclusion of any malignant breast lesion. The objective of this study was to evaluate diagnostic performances of ductography and microdochectomy and compare these with other conventional diagnostic tools.
Methods: This retrospective study included 153 female patients presenting with significant nipple discharge to “Breast Care Center” from December 2011 to December 2018. Informed consent was taken from all participants. History, clinical examination, relevant imaging, cytology and histology findings of all the patients were recorded in electronic database.
Results: Mean and median age of the cohort were 38.4 years and 35 years respectively. 18 of the 153 patients, had a positive family history for breast cancer which was statistically significant. 3.9% (6/153) patients were eventually diagnosed (cytopathology-1, FNAC-1, ductography-1 & microdochectomy-3) with in situ or invasive malignancies while being evaluated for nipple discharge. Breast ultrasound has sensitivity and specificity of 28.6% (5.1-69.7) & 99.3% (95.7-99.9) respectively at 95% CI in detecting risk lesions. Sensitivity of ductography in detecting risk lesions was 100% (95% CI: 5.4-100) with specificity value of 95.2% (95% CI: 85.8-98.8). Again, microdochectomy has been used as final diagnostic as well as therapeutic tools in the study.
Conclusion: Ductography is a noninvasive imaging modality whereas microdochectomy, although invasive, helps reach a definitive tissue diagnosis. Ductography and microdochectomy together can serve as indispensable diagnostic tools alongside the conventional radiological and histological tools.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2022; 40: 263-269
Cardiometabolic Syndrome : An Emerging Global Health Issue
Authors: Patwary Md Ismail , Talha Khandaker Abu , Razzaque Moona Farzana , Liza Ferdousi Jannat , Istiaque Ahmed
Published: October 2022

Cardio metabolic syndrome (CMS) is a combination of metabolic dysfunctions characterized by insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and central obesity. CMS is recognized as a disease entity by the World Health Organization (WHO) and American Society of Endocrinology. CMS represents a constellation of metabolic abnormalities that are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases These cardiovascular and metabolic derangements individually and interdependently lead to increases in cerebrovascular disease(CVD) morbidity and mortality, making the CMS an established and strong risk factor for premature CVD. Data found that the prevalence of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) is increasing in all age groups, both in men and women from the latest National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES).Alteration in fatty acid metabolism, such as excessive fatty acid release in the plasma is likely to contribute to these metabolic abnormalities. There is an established and proven benefits in reversing abnormal responses and decreasing cardiovascular risks by the treatment strategies including moderate physical activity, weight reduction, rigorous blood pressure control, correction of dyslipidemia and glycaemic control.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2022; 40: 287-291
Genital Tuberculosis Presenting as Primary Amenorrhoea
Authors: Begum Hamida , Islam Md Jahidul , Ashrafi Fatema
Published: October 2022

A 23-year-old married woman presented with primary amenorrhoea with well-developed 2ndary sex characteristics. She is chromosomally competent female (46xx) with average body built and had no problem in marital relationship. Clinical examinations and all relevant investigations including transvaginal ultrasound(TVS) showed uterus, adnexa normal size and volume. Progesterone challenge test was negative on 3 occasions. Laparoscopy showed distorted shape of fallopian tubes with beaded appearance. Biopsy from it and endometrial samplzings collected by aspiration showed granuloma with caseation necrosis, typical of tuberculosis (TB) though no AFB found on culture. PCRRFLP also positive for TB. So, primary amenorrhoea with unresponsive endometrium with underlying Genital Tuberculosis was clinical diagnosis. She received 9 months treatments of 4 drugs regimens of anti-TB.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2022; 40: 302-305
Management of Eclampsia by MGSO4 Loading Dose vs Standard Regimen: A Comparative Clinical Trial
Authors: Aral Sarwat , Begum Rokeya , Nessa Kamrun , Begum Shahana
Published: October 2022

Eclampsia is a life threatening obstretic emergency, the second leading cause of maternal death in Bangladesh. The high maternal morbidity and mortality in Eclampsia is related to multiple or recurrent seizures mostly. Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4) is the gold standard drug to control and prevent recurrent fits. To compare the occurrence of recurrent seizures with loading dose and standard regimen of MgSO4 (Loading plus maintenance dose). This prospective comparative study was carried out in Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) from January 2011 to December 2011.It was a comparative clinical trial. Study subjects were selected who had eclampsia regarding age, parity, gravidity and gestational age or after recent delivery. Then subjects were categorized into two in alternating method, i.e if first patient was in Group A then next patient was in Group B. Patients who had already received MgSO4 from outside,convulsion due to other causes and having contraindication of MgSO4 therapy were excluded from this study. With written informed consent, Group A received loading dose of inj. MgSO4 and Group B was treated with loading dose plus maintenance dose (standard regimen). The primary outcome was to measure the number of recurrent seizures among the both groups. Secondary outcomes were the side effects, toxicity, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) support, regain of consciousness, normalization of blood pressure and protenuria. The test statistics used to analyze the data were Chi Square test (x2) and unpaired student's t-test. P values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant The rate of recurrent seizure was 13.3% in loading dose vs 6.3% in standard regimen Group A (0<0.05, RR 2.207, 95% CI 1.089-4.470). Side effects of MgSO4 were higher in Group B (71.1% vs 93%, P<0.01). Considering toxicity 3% was found in loading dose vs 3.8% in standard regimen of MgSO4 i.e almost same (P>0.05). Women who received the standard regimen of MgSO4 are less likely to develop recurrent seizures than those who received loading dose only. Toxicities of MgSO4 are almost same and very little in both the regimen.

JCMCTA 2015 ; 26 (1) : 35-40
Femoro-Popliteal Artery Bypass Surgery With Autologous Great Saphenous Vein Graft: 1st Time Experience in Chittagong Medical College Hospital
Authors: Maruf Mohammad Fazle , Islam Samirul , Hossain Nazmul , Quaium Chowdhury Muhammad Abdul , Akter Tahmina , Rahman Mamunur
Published: October 2022

Peripheral arterial disease affects with loss of limb if untreated. For decades, arterial bypass has been regarded as one of the trustworthy and effective methods for treatment of atherosclerosis in lower limbs. A 65 year old male patient was treated for a worsening short distance intermittent claudication in left calf muscle. Clinical examinations identified occlusion of the superficial femoral artery. Peripheral Angiogram (PAG) revealed popliteal artery had good calibre with distal run off. Left superficial femoral artery to popliteal artery bypass was performed on the patient with autologous reversed great saphenous venous conduit. Post operative course was uneventful. The pulses of the dorsalis pedis and posterir tibial arteries in left leg regained and remain strong. The Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) increased from 0.60 to 1.09. As far as arterial bypass in lower limb is concerned, the efficacy is usually not so desireable because of lack of vascular substitutes, insufficient availability of autologous vessels and also the scarcity of skilled vascular surgeon. Therefore, it becomes our long-lasting desire to find out a safe and endurable graft conduit and also to establish vascular surgery in a city where this type of surgery was absent previously. We have recently succeeded in performing femoro-popliteal bypass surgery in Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH). Probably this was the first successful femoro-popliteal bypass surgery with autologous great saphenous venous conduit for chronic arterial occlusive disease of lower limb in this hospital.

JCMCTA 2015 ; 26 (1) : 46-51
Implementation of 5S – Kaizen- Tqm In Bangladesh Health Sector
Authors: Barua Chowdhury Chiranjib
Published: October 2022

Abstract not available

JCMCTA 2015 ; 26 (2) : 1- 2
Intraoperative Diagnosis of Cns Tumor by Crush Cytologic Technique & Its Histopathological Correlation
Authors: Nasreen Sayeeda , Ahamad M Shahab Uddin , Rahman AJE Nahar
Published: October 2022

Central Nervous System (CNS) tumor comprises about 2-5% of all tumors. Quite a large number of patients with CNS tumor undergo surgical treatment in Bangladesh. Surgical treatment is greatly facilitated by the use of intraoperative diagnosis. The techniques for intraoperative diagnosis of neurosurgical biopsy specimen are frozen section & crush smear cytology. In our study, a total of 64 cases of CNS tumor was evaluated by crush smear. Among them, 54 (84.38%) cases were brain tumor & 10 (15.62%) cases were spinal tumor, with a slight male predominance (M:F = 1.2:1). The mean age of the patients was 31 years. Cerebrum was the commonest site of brain tumor & astrocytoma was the commonest malignant tumor. Among 64 cases, 61 cases were correctly diagnosed by crush cytologic technique. The accuracy of intraoperative cytologic diagnosis was determined in comparison to histologic diagnosis was 95.3%. It is concluded that crush cytologic technique may be considered as a reliable primary diagnostic tool for intraoperative evaluation of CNS tumor.  
JCMCTA 2015 ; 26 (2) : 40 - 43
Association of Number of Fibromyalgia Tender Points With Health Status in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Sle) Patients
Authors: Chowdhury Salauddin Mamun , Chowdhury Mohiuddin Humayun Kabir , Rana Masud
Published: October 2022

Fibromyalgia Tender Points (FMTPs) and functional health status measured by Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) as well as health related quality of life by short form-36 (SF-36) in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients have integrated adherent to each other. Comparison of fibromyalgia tender points and health status in many studies revealed remarkable correlation in both chronic rheumatologic diseases. We observed higher HAQ score and significant positive correlation between FMTP and HAQ score and we also found significant negative correlation in almost all domains of SF-36 with FMTP in SLE patients. Therefore, reduced functional status was found in SLE patients with higher FMTP count. To determine influence of the number of fibromyalgia tender points on functional health status as well as health related quality of life in SLE patients. The observational study carried out enrolling 67 female SLE patients and equal number of asymptomatic female subjects in Lupus Clinic of Rheumatology Wing, BSMMU, Dhaka from April 2005 to October 2006.After fulfilling the inclusion criteria with a detailed history and thorough physical examinations, obtained data were recorded in a pro-forma. 18 FMTP sites and 6 control sites were examined. Positive FMTP scores were recorded in a body chart. Culturally adopted and validated Bengali version of HAQ and SF-36 were filled-up to assess the self-reported health status. Both of the SLE patients and control subjects were classified into two subgroups. 0-10 FMTP’ group and > 11 FMTP group. The HAQ score (Mean + SD) of SLE patients and of controls were 0.54 + 0.54 and 0.17 + 0.25 respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p <0.001). The score (Mean + SD) of all domains’ of SF-36 in both the studied groups were also significantly different. In this SLE series significant correlation (R - + 0.390, p 0.001) was observed between HAQ score and FMTP. And significant correlation was also observed almost in all domains of SF-36 with FMTP. Health status in SLE patients was poor in those who have higher number of FMTP count. Health status was more reflective by SF-36 in comparison to HAQ.  
JCMCTA 2015 ; 26 (2) : 44 - 52
Abstracts of Community Health Survey
Authors: Cheif Editor In
Published: October 2022

Abstract not available

JCMCTA 2015 ; 26 (2) : 81 - 85
Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit (APSU) Annual Surveillance Report 2021
Authors: Teutsch Suzy M , Nunez Carlos A , Morris Anne , Eslick Guy D , Berkhout Angela , Novakovic Daniel , Brotherton Julia ML , McGregor Skye , Khawar Laila , Khandaker Gulam , Booy Robert , Jones Cheryl A , Rawlinson William , Thorley Bruce R , Elliott Elizabeth J
Published: October 2022

The Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit (APSU) has been conducting surveillance of rare communicable and non-communicable conditions in children since its inception in 1993. In this report, the results are described of surveillance of ten communicable diseases (and complications) for 2021, including the numbers of cases and incidence estimates; demographics; clinical features; and management and short-term outcomes. The included diseases are: acute flaccid paralysis (AFP); congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV); neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection; paediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; perinatal exposure to HIV; severe complications from influenza; juvenile-onset respiratory papillomatosis (JoRRP); congenital rubella syndrome; congenital varicella syndrome; and neonatal varicella infection. In 2021, cases of JoRRP were reported to the APSU for the first time since 2017, indicating potential gaps in HPV vaccination. AFP surveillance by APSU again contributed to Australia achieving a minimum target incidence of one AFP case per 100,000 children aged < 15 years. There were no cases of children with severe complications of influenza. No cases of varicella or congenital rubella were reported; however, at-risk populations, especially young migrant and refugee women from countries without universal vaccination programs, need to be screened and prioritised for vaccination prior to pregnancy. Cases of perinatal exposure to HIV continue to increase; however, the rate of mother-to-child-transmission remains at low levels due to the use of effective intervention strategies. Case numbers of congenital CMV and neonatal HSV remain steady in the absence of vaccines, prompting the need for greater awareness and education, with recent calls for target screening of at-risk infants for congenital CMV.
EVALUATING FOCAL MECHANISM OF SEPTEMBER 24, 2013 AWARAN EARTHQUAKE WITH GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES
Authors: Ahmad Israr , Aslam Rana Waqar , Li Lin , Khalid Muhammad Burhan , Abbas Waqas , Aziz Aqsa , Ahmad Muhammad Nassar , Mirza Ali Imam
Published: October 2022

Seismic records from IRIS (NIL, KBL, MSEY, KMI, QIZ, DGAR) were used to compute AWARAN September 24 2013 Earthquake's focal mechanism. Earthquakes are one of the most drastic threats that are likely to cause heavy human casualties and can destroy entire cities within minutes. We processed the waveform data from 6 separate stations for the computation of displacement. The issues related to attenuation have been overcome by the use of low frequencies (0.05-0.1). The crustacean model that determines the tensor PREM model's time is determined by minimizing the variance but produces a robust focal mechanism. Inverting the displacement data is applied to recover the moment tensor from the source, calculated the green feature with the reversal. GIS-based vectors of fault lines were abstracted by the digitization of regional tectonic lineaments and structural maps. We developed synthetic and observed surface shapes with a 100 percent dc correlation. Our understanding of the features of crustacean deformation and regional tectonics in the area will benefit from the resulting focus mechanisms. The measured earthquake focal mechanism is similar to a USGS agency hit, dip, and rake.
Analysis of the Historical Temperature of Different Cities of Pakistan to Determine the Trends and Shift in Temperature
Authors: Khan Farah , Hassan Amna , Shah Syed Nouman Ali , Nazeer Najma , Khan Alamgir A. , Bukhari Shahid
Published: October 2022

Antrhopogenic activities are responsible for exponential increase in temperature in recent dacades. To examine this variation, data from 30 meteorological stations in Pakistan's largest cities were examined to determine the annual average and highest temperatures between 1981 and 2020. A combination of parametric and non-parametric tests, including Sen's slope estimator, the Mann-Kendall trend test, and linear regression, were utilized for the analysis. NASA Power Data Access Viewer provides historical climatic datasets which are reliable and provide promising results. We extracted historical footprints of climatic data from NASA website and mapped the trends. About 90% of the meterological stations had rising annual temperature trends, whereas 10% had declining trends. The average annual temperature increased by 0.49 °C per decade in Gilgit, Hyderabad, Quetta, and Lasbela, which was the largest rate of change. Chitral, Gilgit, Nawabshah, and Quetta experienced the biggest increase in annual temperature that was 0.34 °C per decade. Various indicators e.g., simple linear regression and the Mann-Kendall test, respectively, revealed that the yearly average temperature was rising at a 0.001 % (at the 0.06 level). Annual temperatures were increasing at 27 stations and 23 stations were experiencing 0.002 level of significance (at the 0.06 level). Overall, the findings indicated that all climatic parameters were increasing, but during the study period, the annual average temperature was increasing more quickly than the annual maximum temperature.
Temporal Variations in Ice Cap of Antarctica and Greenland
Authors: Baqi Abdul , Abbas Ali
Published: October 2022

The Antarctic and Greenland polar ice caps are the largest mass of ice in world. Globally the climate system is considerably affected by these ice sheets. Several natural and anthropogenic activities have affected the balance of mass of ice sheets. Ice sheets mass loss is a consequence of changes of patterns of precipitation, changing wind patterns, increasing global temperature and increased glacial flow. Nearly 75% of the ice mass loss has been observed in these regions since last ten years. A sharp increase in ice mass loss in Antarctic and Greenland regions are detected through 0.3mm increase in sea level per year. In this research paper Satellite remote sensing techniques including Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) is used to monitor and reveal the patterns of ice melt and glacier flow in these regions.
Monitoring of Mangrove Cover of Western Indus Delta Karachi Pakistan
Authors: Abbas Nasir , Khan Nimra , Habib Warda
Published: October 2022

The coastline of Pakistan comprises of five significant sites comprising of mangroves including Indus Delta which contains extensive mangroves zones and termed as the largest arid mangrove found globally. This study evaluate the current extent of mangroves along the Western edge of Indus Delta and provide the most recent forest cover assessment of mangroves. Moreover, this study identifies the changes occurred in forest cover from the years 2000 to 2020. Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM), 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Landsat 7 ETM data were used for mangroves mapping through supervised classification method. The results displayed that total area of mangrove forest cover was nearly 279.094km², 395.77km², 306.58km² in the years 2000, 2010 and 2020 respectively. This study indicates an increase in area of mangrove cover from 29% to 41% from the year 2000 to 2010. Regeneration of mangrove mostly took place around the southern region of the Indus Delta. The mangrove specie has decreased from 41% to 31% from the year 2010 to 2020. The major causes of this reduction were urban water and industrial pollution, over-fishing in Indus delta, freshwater diversion for agriculture, and overharvesting of mangroves by the local communities, coastal erosion and sedimentation.
LSM: A Lightweight Security Mechanism for IoT Based Smart City Management Systems using Blockchain
Authors: Saeed Hafiz Humza , Masood Abdullah Bin , Qureshi Hassaan Khaliq
Published: October 2022

Smart cities utilize digital technologies for the improvement of its services’ quality and performance by reducing resources’ cost and consumption, with a commitment of action and efficiency to its citizens. The increased urban migration has led to many problems in cities, such as traffic congestion, waste management, noise pollution, energy consumption, air pollution, etc., as nowadays COVID-19 pandemic has seized the whole world. So, it is necessary to carry out its standard operating procedures (SOPs), including less human interaction. Thus, technology plays a vital role via Internet-of-Things (IoT) based systems. In this paper, a lightweight security mechanism (LSM) is proposed to enrich the IoT based systems. Blockchain technology is integrated, and its completely decentralized peer-to-peer (P2P) technology enables the users’ authentication and authorizes legitimate procedures. The IoT based management system is developed to monitor some of the aforementioned problems and solve solid waste, air, and noise monitoring systems. The Ethereum blockchain is used to implement a smart contract based framework for the system’s security and access control. The evaluation of performance of the LSM demonstrates that it is an efficient and lightweight tool in terms of cost, resources, and computation and superior over related security studies.
Design and Implementation of Autonomous Trolley with E Billing
Authors: Beenish Hira , Khan Saman , Mairaj Wasif , Fahad Muhammad
Published: October 2022

Shopping became one of the most important tasks that people conduct on a daily basis. A mart is a place where various things can be purchased within a roof. Customers must patiently wait in lengthy lines, especially on weekends, until it is their turn. Due to people's busy schedules, this is a time-consuming process that leaves them exhausted and dissatisfied with the services provided at the checkout counters. We proposed and implemented an autonomous trolley with an electronic billing system. The proposed and developed system is separated into two sections, the first section consists of RFID tags and camera-based product scanning and detection, while the second section consists of bill generation and e-payment. The second output is of a shopping receipt, which was printed using a thermal printer effectively, and smart trolley-based bill detection will be accomplished. This self-billing is a new technology that can present us with numerous advantages. Currently, everyone is familiar with e-payments, and because our system is also based on direct bank transactions. This smart trolley-based bill detection will ultimately be accomplished through the user's bank and Jazz Cash. Automated trolley systems are designed to provide customers with knowledge about their collected items and decision-making abilities based on prior purchase patterns in order to ensure a hassle-free shopping experience.
Realization of Presentation layer information of Legacy Java Enterprise Applications Through Design Pattern’s Recovery
Authors: Mushtaq zaigham , Rasool Ghulam
Published: October 2022

The presentation layer is the outermost layer of an application that provides user interface and communication services. This layer is responsible for session management, controlling client access, and validations within data from the client .In legacy enterprise applications like Java Enterprise Edition Platform (Java EE),the design considerations of the presentation layer are spread over different design patterns and cross-language constructs. Resultantly, the analysis of such applications becomes quite challenging due to their heterogeneity, essentially required for the extraction of design-level information and further modernization. In this research ,a flexible technique is presented to extract presentation tier information based on customizable feature types by recovering instances of presentation tier patterns of the Java Enterprise Edition Platform. The proposed approach is evaluated on well-operative open-source Enterprise Applications. The validation results demonstrate the extraction of presentation tier information through Design Pattern’s recovery.This prototype is validated on the repository of source code of Java applications as well on open source java applications.
Non-invasive EEG based Feature Extraction framework for Major Depressive Disorder analysis
Authors: Bashir Nayab , Narejo Sanam , Naz Bushra , Jawed Mohammad Moazzam , Talpur Shahnawaz , Aliev Khurshid
Published: October 2022

Depression and several other behavioral health disorders are serious public health concerns worldwide. Persistent behavioral health issues have a wide range of consequences that affect people personally, culturally and socially. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric ailment that affects people of all ages worldwide. It has grown into a major global health issue as well as an economic burden. Clinicians are using several medications to limit the growth of this disease at an early stage in young people. The goal of this research is to improve the depression diagnosis by altering Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and extracting the Differential Entropy (DE) and Power Spectral Density (PSD), using machine learning and deep learning techniques. This study analyzed the EEG signals of 30 healthy people and 34 people with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). K-nearest neighbors (KNN) had the highest accuracy among machine learning algorithms of 99.7%, while Support vector machine (SVM) had acquired 95.7% accuracy. The developed Deep Learning approach, convolution neural network (CNN), achieved 99.6% accuracy. With these promising results, this study establishes the viability of an Electroencephalogram based diagnosis of MDD.
Natural Language to SQL Queries: A Review
Authors: Baig Mirza Shahzaib , Imran Azhar , Yasin Amanullah , Butt Abdul Haleem , Khan Muhammad Imran
Published: October 2022

The relational database is the way of maintaining, storing, and accessing structured data but in order to access the data in that database the queries need to be translated in the format of SQL queries. Using natural language rather than SQL has introduced the advancement of a new kind of handling strategy called Natural Language Interface to Database frameworks (NLIDB). NLIDB is a stage towards the turn of events of clever data set frameworks (IDBS) to upgrade the clients in performing adaptable questioning in data sets. A model that can deduce relational database queries from natural language. Advanced neural algorithms synthesize the end-to-end SQL to text relation which results in the accuracy of 80% on the publicly available datasets. In this paper, we reviewed the existing framework and compared them based on the aggregation classifier, select column pointer, and the clause pointer. Furthermore, we discussed the role of semantic parsing and neural algorithm’s contribution in predicting the aggregation, column pointer, and clause pointer. In particular, people with limited background knowledge are unable to access databases with ease. Using natural language interfaces for relational databases is the solution to make natural language to SQL queries. This paper presents a review of the existing framework to process natural language to SQL queries and we will also cover some of the speech to SQL model in discussion section, in order to understand their framework and to highlight the limitations in the existing models.
Sentiment Classification Using Multinomial Logistic Regression on Roman Urdu Text
Authors: Qutab Irfan , Malik Khawar Iqbal , Arooj Hira
Published: October 2022

Sentiment analysis seeks to reveal textual knowledge of literary documents in which people communicate their thoughts and views on shared platforms, such as social blogs. On social blogs, users detail is available as short comments. A question of sentiment analysis has been raised by information across large dimensions published on these blogs. Although, some language libraries are established to address the problem of emotional analysis but limited work is available on Roman Urdu language because most of the comments or opinions available online are published in text-free style. The present study evaluates emotions in the comments of Roman Urdu by using a machine learning technique. This analysis was done in different stages of data collection, labeling, pre-processing, and feature extraction. In the final phase, we used the pipeline method along with Multinomial Logistic Regression for the classification of the dataset into four categories (Politics, Sports, Education and Religion). The whole dataset was divided into training and test sets. We evaluated our test set and achieved results by using Precision, Recall, Accuracy, F1 Score and Confusion Matrix and found the accuracy ranging to 94%.
Inventory and Altitudinal Distribution of Plant Biodiversity Along the Nalter Expressway in Nalter Valley Gilgit Baltistan
Authors: Sajid Hera , Haider Sujjad , Haider Masum
Published: October 2022

The present study was conducted in 2020-2021 to record the inventory and altitudinal distributions of plants and biodiversity in Nalter valley. The study area is situated at 36 N and 74 E, with 27,206 ha area in the Karakoram highlands. It is 40km away from Gilgit city. The purpose was to explore the natural floral inventory, life-form structure, and the biological spectrum of the plant biodiversity. This study recorded 126 species belonging to 106 genera and 48 families. The life forms of the collected species were 40 Hemicryptophytes (H), 8 Therophytes, 50 Chaemephyte, and geophytes 3 species, and 25 phanerophytes. While the habit categories of the recorded flora were analyzed with the help of Theophrastus classification. The categories of the recorded flora were 88 herbs, 113 shrubs,9 subshrubs, and 18 trees which contribute to the flora of the study area. The phytosociological studies were also carried out to recognize the dominant taxa, habit category, and the dominant life form in the study area. For this study, we divided the study area into three stands. In each stand, we placed 20 quartets to recognize the dominant taxa based on IVI. The phytosociological studies provided the required information from each stand like dominant habit categories, life forms, and dominant taxa along the Nalter expressway.
Empirical Assessment for the Domestic Worker Housing: A Case Study of Lahore
Authors: Gulzar Haroon , Hassan Taimoor
Published: October 2022

A house is considered a basic human need. It provides identity, security, belonging, and privacy. Regrettably, Pakistan is facing a housing backlog of almost 10 million units. This research aims to diagnose the problems related to accommodation that domestic workers are facing and to assess the pragmatic options for housing the labor class groups. Data for this research was collected from the residents, domestic workers, and relevant authorities through a structured questionnaire survey in selected case study areas. The dependent variable in the study is the provision of accommodation to the domestic workers, which needs to be calculated. The predictors or independent variables are affordability of domestic workers’ residence, salary, housing provision, financial status, and role of government. The results reveal that when “provision of housing allowance” to the domestic workers will help in overcoming the problem of housing available to the workers Its value goes up by 1, “provision of residence to domestic workers at nearby places” increases by 0.518 Similarly, “provision of nearby residence increases the work efficiency” goes up to 1, “provision of residence to domestic workers at nearby places” goes up by the value 0.118.
Analysis revealed that workers’ work efficiency depends upon, Government and financial support from the people. The findings of the study/research analysis revealed that most domestic workers are being deprived of livable housing and have to bear significant travel expenses to reach their workplaces. There is a dire need to form a government-based strong association for the domestic worker which would work for the betterment of domestic workers to improve their quality of life. The government and private developers should increase the supply of low-income housing in the form of vertical growth development. It can be pertinent to propose that housing opportunities have to be placed close to the vicinity of workplaces to reduce the travel cost bear by domestic workers.
Molecular characterization of Deciphering Fungal Community structure in Zea mays L. and Triticum Aestivum L
Authors: Hussain Kainat , Waseem Muhammad , Mumtaz Iqra , Riaz Samreen
Published: October 2022

Rhizosphere fungi are strongly associated with plant growth and health by providing nutrients and antagonizing pathogens. Commercially, fungus has multipurpose applications in several sectors including beverages, food items and in medicines. Current study aimed to reveal the core fungal community structure of the two leading cereal crops that are Zea mays L. and Triticum aestivum L. The rhizosphere fungal community was explored via morphology, biochemistry and internal transcribe spacer (ITS) metagenomics. On the basis of morphology, the retrieved fungal strains were imprecisely classified into Ascomycota and Zygomycota. The species including Yeast, Botyritis californica, Rhizopus stolonifer, Alternaria tenuissima, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger and Microsporum canis were identified on the basis of macroscopy and microscope. Moreover, the biochemical characterization depicted the role of fungi in promotion of plant growth. Majority of the isolates depicted catalase activity, indole production, phosphate solubilization, ammonia production, nitrogenase activity and urease activity. Metagenomics using amplicon sequencing of ITS region revealed the presence of 805 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) with 647 OTUs in Zea mays and 620 OTUs in Triticum aestivum. The fungal phyla found in the rhizosphere of Zea mays L. and Triticum aestivum L. were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, Chytridiomycota, Incertae sedis fungi. Ascomycota accounted for 93% and 95% of classified fungi in rhizosphere of Zea mays L. and Triticum aestivum L. respectively. The dominant species found in the rhizosphere soil of Zea mays were Gibberella intricans, Curvularia lunata, Lepidosphaeria nicotiae, Edenia gomezpompae and Myrothecium verrucaria.