bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elevating Educational Quality: A Management Strategy to Enhancing Muhammadiyah School Branding
Authors: Istikomah Istikomah
Published: February 2024

This research focuses on understanding the management carried out by Muhammadiyah schools to improve the quality of education by implementing branding strategies so that public trust becomes more robust and can benefit users of educational services. This research aims to examine the management of Muhammadiyah 1 Nganjuk Vocational School in improving the quality of education. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out using interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the study show that branding strategies that schools can implement to improve the quality of education include analyzing brand identity, brand personality, brand positioning, and brand communication, as well as increasing public trust by improving the quality management of school accreditation, improving school facilities and infrastructure, increasing student achievement, developing superior programs that are the hallmark of the school, creating attractive taglines that are implemented in school programs, expanding collaboration networks, increasing the selling value of the school by uploading each event on social media.
Towards Harmony and Balance: A Policy Framework for State Islamic Higher Education Leaders in Nurturing Student Religious Moderation
Authors: Hambali Muh , Muttaqin Imamul , Mubarak Ruma
Published: February 2024

This study aims to analyze university policies in encouraging religious and multicultural moderation. The method used is a qualitative case study type method. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique consists of three lines of activity that co-occur: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of this study indicate that the characteristics of fostering religious moderation using the General Lecture Material (MKU) approach are Citizenship Education and University Specificity Courses (MKKU), which are called Ulul Albab Courses. MKU through the insertion of multicultural values in lectures and seminars within the university and faculties. At the same time, MKKU uses an approach to determining courses as institutional-specific courses. The dissemination of moderate Islamic values impacts student behavior which can build social relations and openness in the academic environmental ecosystem. This strengthens students' thinking patterns from closed to open thinking. Extreme thoughts and behaviors can be avoided in higher education tri-dharma activities.
The Influence of Visionary Leadership and Persuasive Communication on Teacher Performance in Schools
Authors: Sabariah Sabariah , Akbar Nadzmi , Sulistiami Sulistiami , Qatrunida Qatrunida , Rahmadi Rahmadi
Published: February 2024

This paper discusses the influence of visionary leadership and persuasive communication on teacher performance at the Global Islamic Boarding School, South Kalimantan. Teacher performance is an essential component and needs special attention, considering that teacher performance significantly impacts student learning outcomes. This research uses a quantitative approach, and the sample was taken using a non-probability sampling technique with 40 respondents. The research results show that The t-count value for the visionary leadership variable of 2,764 is greater than the t-table of 2.02439 with a significance level of 0.009 < 0.05. This shows that visionary leadership has a positive effect on teacher performance. (2) The results of data analysis show that the t-count value is 1.203 < t-table 2.02439, with a significant value of 0.237 > 0.05. This states that Ha is rejected and Ho is accepted, meaning that the persuasive communication variable does not positively and significantly affect the teacher performance variable. (3) Based on the results of the F-test, it shows that the F-value is 4,590 > from F table 0.25, and the significant value is 0.018 < 0 .05; this shows that visionary leadership and persuasive communication have a simultaneous effect on teacher performance.
Strengthening the Image of Islamic Schools Through the AIDA Approach: The Role of Public Relations in Engaging the Community
Authors: Tantowi Ahmad , Subchan Ali , Munadirin Ahmad , Kadarismanto Kadarismanto , Muslim Rifqil
Published: February 2024

This research aims to reveal the strategy of public relations in building the image of Madrasah. The research was conducted at Madrasah Aliyah NU 05 Gemuh, using a qualitative approach and triangulation techniques. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, and field observations. Sources of informants involved school principals, public relations, teachers, and student parents. The research results show that the public relations manager's strategy in building the Madrasah image involves the "Madrasah Greets" program. This approach involves understanding the internal and external conditions of the Madrasah, which is adopted through the Aida theory. Madrasah Greeting is implemented with steps such as understanding the image of the Madrasah from the perspective of attention, public interest, desire, and action. The next step is the implementation of Madrasah consistency and, finally, the Madrasah control program. The implications of this research are the realization of quality Madrasah capable of meeting the educational needs of the community, improving the quality of public education, making Madrasah a center for innovative and creative learning activities, as well as increasing confidence in the existence of Madrasah and eliminating arguments as a second option.
Acceptance of Distance Learning Technology in Technology-Based Learning Management
Authors: Rosita Tita , Fatmasari Rhini
Published: February 2024

The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) describes the factors that influence the acceptance and adoption of technology by individuals. In education management, TAM is used to understand how educators, students, and administrative staff respond to the use of technology in the educational process. The application of the Technology Acceptance Model in education management is to help educational institutions plan, implement, and support the use of technology more effectively, taking into account psychological factors and user perceptions. The variables influencing technology acceptance are Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Attitude Toward Technology, and Intention to Use. This study examines the factors that influence the acceptance of technology by UT postgraduate students toward using information technology in distance learning. The research results are used to develop distance education management, especially in developing internet technology-based learning. The results show that the variables measured have a significant effect on the use of distance learning technology. The Behavioral Intention to Use variable has the most significant influence on Actual Use (AU), followed by the influence of Perceived Ease of Use (PEU) on Attitude Toward Using (ATU) and Perceived Usefulness (PU) on Attitude Toward Using (ATU).Open University, Technology Acceptance Models, Technology Based Learning Management
Integrating Quality Function Deployment and Service Excellence for Educational Quality Enhancement in Higher Education
Authors: Lukman Lukman , Vegatama Meita Rezki
Published: February 2024

This article aims to analyze the integration of quality function deployment (QFD) and excellent service in improving the quality of education at STT Migas Balikpapan. This research uses a qualitative case study type approach. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out circularly, starting with data collection, presentation, reduction, and conclusion. The results of this research show that integration of quality function deployment (QFD) and service excellence in order to improve the quality of education at STT Migas Balikpapan is carried out through the identification of customer needs, the transformation of needs into action plans, alignment with superior service, continuous measurement, and evaluation. The results of this research can provide practical guidance for higher education institutions in improving the quality of their education in a way that is more focused, responsive, and oriented to the needs of students and industry. It is hoped that integrating QFD and excellent service can become the basis for educational renewal in similar universities.
Strengthening Public School Culture: Integration of Local Wisdom, Religious Values, and Universal Values
Authors: Jamaluddin Jamaluddin , Manda Dea Alifia
Published: February 2024

This study focuses on integrating local wisdom, religious values, and universal values. This study aims at revealing various secondary school cultures in public schools. This study employed a qualitative method with a case study design at Junior High School SMPN 7 Muaro Jambi. Data was collected using observation, in-depth interviews, and document study techniques. The collected data were analyzed using an interactive model, including data condensation, presentation, and verification. Triangulation techniques, extended observations, and member checks are employed to increase the validity of the data. The study revealed that five school cultures still characterize school managerial life: Gotong Royong (cooperation), Musyawarah (deliberation), Islamic Ritual, Clean and Healthy, and Discipline. These five cultures are manifestations of adherence to local values (indigenousity), religious values, and universal values. Combining these three integrated sources of values is a distinctive pattern of school culture that becomes the foundation for developing school quality at public schools at SMPN 7 Muaro Jambi. This research implies that integrating local, religious, and universal values in school culture enriches learning and prepares students for a globally complex world.
Exploring the Relationship between Principal Leadership Styles and Teacher Work Discipline
Authors: Nurfaisal Nurfaisal , Asfar Ali , Sunengko Sunengko
Published: February 2024

This research explores the relationship between the school principal's leadership style and teachers' work discipline in State Senior High Schools Pekanbaru, Riau. The study adopts a quantitative approach with a survey method and correlation technique. Through random sampling, the research involves 40 teachers from eleven State Senior High Schools in Pekanbaru. Data collection is conducted using a questionnaire, which has been calibrated with validity testing using Pearson Product Moment and reliability coefficient with Cronbach's Alpha formula. The research results indicate a relationship between the leadership style of school principals and the discipline of teachers in State Senior High Schools in Pekanbaru. The significance testing of a correlation coefficient of 0.51 supports this relationship. It suggests a moderate connection between the principal's leadership style and teacher discipline. This study implies that enhancing teacher discipline can be achieved through the role of the school principal's leadership style. In other words, a correlation of 0.51 indicates that the principal's role in leading and guiding teachers can have a positive impact on their work discipline, and these efforts may be crucial in achieving a higher quality of education.
Realizing Total Quality Management through Strategic Management Implementation in School
Authors: Syarifudin Aip
Published: February 2024

This research aims to analyze the implementation of strategic management to create quality Early Childhood Education (PAUD) institutions in realizing a good learning process and school culture. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study type. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation. The research results show that strategic management is critical to implement at the Al-Fatah PAUD institution so that it impacts improving the quality of education at the Al-Fatah PAUD institution. Strategies to improve the quality of education at Al-Fatah PAUD institutions can be carried out through 1) curriculum development, 2) human resource development, 3) adequate infrastructure, 4) improved student achievement, and 4) creating branding for the Al-Fatah PAUD institution. The implications of this research emphasize the need to increase synergy between maintenance and quality functions in organizations to meet the challenges of a highly competitive environment. This study highlights that significant achievements in performance can be achieved through synergistic and strategic implementation of TQM-TPM over a long period.
Optimizing Institutional Identity: A Strategic Approach through Religious Culture in Higher Education
Authors: Permanasari Engelien Yusniar , Soebiantoro Soebiantoro , Haryanti Nik
Published: February 2024

This research aims to determine strategies for strengthening higher education identity through religious culture at UNISBA Blitar. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The data was collected using purposive sampling through interviews, observation and documentation. After the data was obtained, the researcher analyzed the data by carrying out data condensation, display, and concluding. The research results show that the strategy to strengthen the identity of higher education at UNISBA Blitar is carried out by first requiring all students to take Islamic religious education courses and certification to instil Islamic values (the dimensions of creed) in students. Second, the policy is to take the Al-Qur'an Reading Test (TBQ) and tahsinul Qur'an guidance to improve students' reading and understanding of the Islamic holy book (shari'ah dimension). Third, the policy of dressing/dressing in sharia when on campus is to foster student politeness and neatness (moral dimension). Creating student religious culture uses a structural model (top-down). The fundamentals that must be upheld in strengthening religious culture in higher education are as follows: congregational prayer movement, Islamic dress movement, thaharah movement, exemplary movement, Islamic hospitality movement, and quality of life movement.
The Influence of Leadership Style and Work Motivation of School Principals on the Pedagogical Competence of Elementary School Teachers
Authors: Karlina Iin , Wijayanti Wiwik
Published: February 2024

This research aims to determine the partial and simultaneous influence of the principal's leadership style and work motivation on teachers' pedagogical competence. The method used in this research is quantitative with a causal associative type of research. The sample in this study consisted of three schools, namely Klitren State Elementary School, Samirono State Elementary School, and Demangan State Elementary School, totalling 42 teachers. The instrument used in this research was a questionnaire. Data collection techniques by distributing questionnaires to elementary school-level teachers. Data analysis techniques use multiple linear regression, t-test, F test and coefficient of determination test. The research results show a significant and positive influence partially and simultaneously between the variables of leadership style and work motivation of school principals on teachers' pedagogical competence. With the support of the school principal's leadership style and motivation, teachers can improve their pedagogical competence because they can provide guidance, information and facilities in the learning process.
The Limits of the Postcolonial Theory in the Caribbean Context: “Nearing Forty” as a Case Study
Authors: Hussein Asma
Published: February 2024

The present paper examines the limits of the postcolonial theory as a critical and historical approach to the Caribbean: its history, its literary and cultural products. To contextualize this examination, the paper starts by comparing the approaches of two contemporary historians to the region’s history, namely, B. W. Higman and Carrie Gibson who traversed and chronicled the region’s checkered past. The comparison aims to isolate the exclusivist-inclusivist dynamics at work in Higman’s linear approach in A Concise History of the Caribbean and Gibson’s episodic approach in Empire’s Crossroads: A History of the Caribbean from Columbus to the Present Day. The paper, then, addresses the analogous manifestations of these dynamics in literary criticism. Concretely, the dynamics are traced in the postcolonial critical approach to Caribbean literature via conducting a close reading of Derek Walcott’s “Nearing Forty” and a critical assessment of John Lennard’s ‘postcolonial’ reading thereof as a case study. The paper concludes with a call for similar reevaluations of the corpora of Caribbean writers and a critical (re)assessment of the attendant postcolonial readings that framed them for long. Being mainly library-based, this paper relies on books, articles, reviews, and interviews.
The practical guidance on the creation and cultivation sowing of eastern goat's rue crops for long-term use in the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia
Authors: Truzina Lyudmila
Published: February 2024

The main elements of the technology for creating and cultivating eastern goat's rue grass stands are considered. The biology and economic importance of eastern goat's rue varieties are given. Elements of technology for creating grass stands are revealed: soil preparation; fertilizers; timing, norms and methods of sowing; cover crop selection; destruction of weeds; care of crops, timing of cover crop harvesting; alternating harvesting for green mass and seeds. Based on the research conducted, proposals were made to production.
Autologous cryo-shocked neutrophils enable targeted therapy of sepsis via broad-spectrum neutralization of pro-inflammatory cytokines and endotoxins
Authors: Gao Qiuxia , Yan Yan , Zhang Jie , Li Xiaoxue , Wang Jiamei , Feng Yi , Li Peiran , Wang Huanhuan , Zhang Yunlong , He Lingjie , Shan Zhiyan , Li Bin
Published: February 2024

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening disease characterized by multiple organ failure due to excessive activation of the inflammatory response and cytokine storm. Despite recent advances in the clinical use of anti-cytokine biologics, sepsis treatment efficacy and improvements in mortality remain unsatisfactory, largely due to the mechanistic complexity of immune regulation and cytokine interactions.

Methods: In this study, a broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory and endotoxin neutralization strategy was developed based on autologous “cryo-shocked” neutrophils (CS-Neus) for the management of sepsis. Neutrophils were frozen to death using a novel liquid nitrogen “cryo-shock” strategy. The CS-Neus retained the source cell membrane structure and functions related to inflammatory site targeting, broad-spectrum inflammatory cytokines, and endotoxin (LPS) neutralizing properties. This strategy aimed to disable harmful pro-inflammatory functions of neutrophils, such as cytokine secretion. Autologous cell-based therapy strategies were employed to avoid immune rejection and enhance treatment safety.

Results: In both LPS-induced sepsis mouse models and clinical patient-derived blood samples, CS-Neus treatment significantly ameliorated cytokine storms by removing inflammatory cytokines and endotoxin. The therapy showed notable anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects and improved the survival rate of mice.

Discussion: The results of this study demonstrate the potential of autologous “cryo-shocked” neutrophils as a promising therapeutic approach for managing sepsis. By targeting inflammatory organs and exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity, CS-Neus offer a novel strategy to combat the complexities of sepsis treatment. Further research and clinical trials are needed to validate the efficacy and safety of this approach in broader populations and settings.
Safety and possible anti-inflammatory effect of paclitaxel associated with LDL-like nanoparticles (LDE) in patients with chronic coronary artery disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study
Authors: Marinho Lucas Lage , Rached Fabiana Hanna , Morikawa Aleksandra Tiemi , Tavoni Thauany Martins , Cardoso Ana Paula Toniello , Torres Roberto Vitor Almeida , Assuncao Antonildes Nascimento , Serrano Carlos Vicente , Nomura Cesar Higa , Maranhão Raul Cavalcante
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Studies in cholesterol-fed rabbits showed that anti-proliferative chemotherapeutic agents such as paclitaxel associated with solid lipid nanoparticles (LDE) have marked anti-atherosclerotic effects. In addition, association with LDE nearly abolishes paclitaxel toxicity. We investigated whether treatment with LDE-paclitaxel changes plaque progression by coronary CT angiography and is safe in patients with chronic coronary artery disease.

Methods

We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study in patients with multi-vessel chronic coronary artery disease. Patients were randomized to receive IV infusions of LDE-paclitaxel (paclitaxel dose: 175 mg/m2 body surface) or LDE alone (placebo group), administered every 3 weeks for 18 weeks. All participants received guideline-directed medical therapy. Clinical and laboratory safety evaluations were made at baseline and every 3 weeks until the end of the study. Analysis of inflammatory biomarkers and coronary CTA was also performed at baseline and 4 weeks after treatment.

Results

Forty patients aged 65.6 ± 8 years, 20 in LDE-paclitaxel and 20 in placebo group were enrolled. Among those, 58% had diabetes, 50% had myocardial infarction, and 91% were in use of statin and aspirin. Baseline demographics, risk factors, and laboratory results were not different between groups. In all patients, no clinical or laboratory toxicities were observed. From the baseline to the end of follow-up, there was a non-significant trend toward a decrease in IL-6 levels and hsCRP in the LDE-paclitaxel group (−16% and −28%, respectively), not observed in placebo. Regarding plaque progression analysis, variation in plaque parameter values was wide, and no difference between groups was observed.

Conclusion

In patients with multivessel chronic coronary artery disease and optimized medical therapy, LDE-paclitaxel was safe and showed clues of potential benefits in reducing inflammatory biomarkers.

Clinical Trial Registration

https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04148833, identifier (NCT04148833).
Dynamic response of existing embankment dams in specific geotechnical and seismological conditions: contemporary framework for Serbian national guidelines
Authors: Kostić Srđan , Rakić Dragan , Bodić Aleksandar , Nedeljković Slobodan , Milivojević Nikola
Published: February 2024

We suggest a new approach for evaluating the dynamic response of existing embankment dams as a guideline for national engineering regulations in Serbia. This novel concept is applied to the case study of the existing embankment dam “Zavoj” (Serbia), built at the place of the previously formed natural dam (due to large landslide activity), and exposed to Mw7.4 Vrančea earthquake and under double impact of Kresna earthquake (Mw6.8 and Mw7.1). Results of transient FEM and direct dynamical analysis of the three-dimensional FEM model of the “Zavoj” dam indicate that the existing dam is stable in dynamic conditions, while the surrounding terrain is either on the verge of stability or becomes unstable, depending on the assumed geotechnical conditions and a relevant earthquake analyzed. As a result, we construct a landslide hazard map in dynamic conditions and the dam damage map, which enables the identification of unstable, damaged, or weak parts of the dam, its immediate surroundings, and the accumulation zone in general. The results indicate that direct dynamical analysis is obligatory when two succeeding earthquakes occur and temporal evolution of displacements in the model is required. Additionally, the application of the remaining bearing capacity criterion indicates a much larger zone of potential instability compared to the extent of equivalent plastic strain and the location of the old sliding surface. By following the proposed guidelines, one secures the inclusion of all the relevant influential factors in the comprehensive dynamic analysis of existing embankment dams, leading eventually to reliable decisions on further design, (re)construction, and/or monitoring activities.
(Re-)shaping learning experiences in supply chain management and logistics education under disruptive uncertain situations
Authors: Salinas-Navarro David Ernesto , Pacheco-Velazquez Ernesto , da Silva-Ovando Agatha Clarice
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Disruptive uncertain events often necessitate universities to abruptly shift from face-to-face to remote online learning, posing challenges to instructional quality and learning outcomes. Remote online instruction may lack social interaction, educational resources, and practical activities, hindering effective learning.

Methods

This study presents an experiential learning framework designed to foster active learning experiences amidst disruptive uncertain events. The framework incorporates such events as study situations to enhance student motivation and engagement. A methodology for designing learning experiences is proposed, with a focus on incorporating real-world disruptions into educational settings.

Results

A case study is presented, detailing the implementation of the framework in supply chain management and logistics education at a private university in Bolivia, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate that the novel learning experience positively impacted student motivation and engagement, facilitating the achievement of learning outcomes.

Discussion

The initial implementation suggests that the novel learning experience positively impacted student motivation and engagement while achieving their intended learning outcomes. However, further instances of utilizing the proposed framework are necessary to ascertain its generalizability and effectiveness across diverse contexts and situations. Identifying similarities or invariances will help validate the applicability of this approach in different educational settings affected by disruptive uncertain events.
Dietary nutrients during gestation cause obesity and related metabolic changes by altering DNA methylation in the offspring
Authors: Bokor Szilvia , Csölle Ildikó , Felső Regina , Vass Réka A. , Funke Simone , Ertl Tibor , Molnár Dénes
Published: February 2024

Growing evidence shows that maternal nutrition from preconception until lactation has an important effect on the development of non-communicable diseases in the offspring. Biological responses to environmental stress during pregnancy, including undernutrition or overnutrition of various nutrients, are transmitted in part by DNA methylation. The aim of the present narrative review is to summarize literature data on altered DNA methylation patterns caused by maternal macronutrient or vitamin intake and its association with offspring’s phenotype (obesity and related metabolic changes). With our literature search, we found evidence for the association between alterations in DNA methylation pattern of different genes caused by maternal under- or overnutrition of several nutrients (protein, fructose, fat, vitamin D, methyl-group donor nutrients) during 3 critical periods of programming (preconception, pregnancy, lactation) and the development of obesity or related metabolic changes (glucose, insulin, lipid, leptin, adiponectin levels, blood pressure, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) in offspring. The review highlights that maternal consumption of several nutrients could individually affect the development of offspring’s obesity and related metabolic changes via alterations in DNA methylation.
Multi-timescale available flexibility assessment of integrated energy systems considering different proportions of wind power installations
Authors: Zhang Song , Zhang Yan , Li Shuguang
Published: February 2024

The available flexibility capacity of the integrated energy system can be used as one of the indicators of proportions of system wind power installations, which, in turn, affects the maximum installed capacity of the system wind power, and this paper proposes a method for assessing the available flexibility of the integrated energy system at multiple timescales considering different proportions of system wind power installations. First, the framework of the integrated energy system is constructed, and based on the coupling relationship between the electrical and thermal systems, the mathematical models of the P2G, combined heat and power (CHP), energy storage equipment, and wind power generation equipment within the integrated energy system are established, and the Monte Carlo method is used to predict the wind power output in a typical scenario. Second, an integrated energy system optimization model is constructed to obtain the optimal dispatch operation of the system; the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm is used to decompose the flexibility demand curve of the system in multiple timescales. The flexibility supply capacity model of different types of flexibility resources in the system at different timescales is established, and through the comparative analysis of flexibility supply and demand at the same timescale, the upward and downward flexibility shortage probability and shortage expectation indexes at each timescale can be intuitively calculated and then weighted to constitute a comprehensive index of system flexibility assessment. Finally, the available flexibility analysis of the integrated energy system under different installed wind power capacities shows that the proposed methodology can more comprehensively assess the available flexibility capacity of the integrated energy system under different timescales, and the maximum installed wind power capacity that the system can withstand can be obtained while guaranteeing sufficient available flexibility capacity.
How well can people observe the flow state of temporary streams?
Authors: Scheller Mirjam , van Meerveld Ilja , Seibert Jan
Published: February 2024

Even though more than half of the global river network does not have continuous flow, temporary (i.e., non-perennial) streams are poorly represented in traditional monitoring networks. Therefore, new approaches are needed to monitor these streams. Citizen science provides an interesting opportunity as people, equipped with smartphones, can observe the flow state of temporary streams. Such observations can go beyond a simple classification of flow vs. no flow and include ecologically important states, such as standing water, isolated pools, or wet streambeds. However, the quality of citizen science data for temporary streams has so far not been thoroughly assessed. Therefore, we asked more than 1,200 people during 23 field days to visually determine the flow state of eight temporary streams based on six classes ranging from a dry streambed to flowing water. Participants could most clearly distinguish a flowing stream from a non-flowing stream. The overall agreement between participants was 66%; 83% of the selected flow states were within one class of the most frequently selected flow state. The agreement with the expert was lower (56% chose the same class, and 79% chose a state within one class). Inconsistencies between the selected flow state and answers to specific yes-no statements about the temporary stream were largest for the dry streambed and damp/wet streambed states. These discrepancies were partly caused by participants looking at different parts of the stream (i.e., participants considered the flow state for a location further upstream or downstream). To ensure that all participants determine the flow state comparably, we recommend clear definitions of the flow state classes, detailed information on the exact location for which the flow state needs to be determined, as well as more training.
Tree–litter–soil system C:N:P stoichiometry and tree organ homeostasis in mixed and pure Chinese fir stands in south subtropical China
Authors: Zhang Han , Li Xian , Wang Shengqiang , Jiang Chenyang , Cui Yuhong , Fan Rongyuan , Lan Yahui , Zhang Qianchun , Ye Shaoming
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Cultivation of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) have alleviated timber shortages and mixed stands with Chinese fir and indigenous species represent a sustainable forestry model. Studying system nutrient balance and tree nutrient homeostasis can provide insights into the ecological advantages of Chinese fir mixed stands and guide the management of plantations.

Methods

Mixed Chinese fir plantations with two native broadleaf species (Michelia macclurei and Mytilaria laosensis) and pure Chinese fir stands were examined for our study. The responses in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) distribution and their stoichiometric characterization in the tree–litter–soil system to stand changes were evaluated. In addition, the ecological stoichiometric homeostasis of leaves, branches, trunks, bark and roots was used to measure the trees’ adaptive capacity to stand changes.

Results

The results showed that the mixed stands of Michelia macclurei and Chinese fir significantly increased soil OC, TN, and TP, and improved the carbon sequestration and nutrient storage functions of the plantations. The mixed stands improved the litter mass and C:N and C:P to different degrees. The soil N and P imbalance reduced the leaf N:P, resulting in N limitation of different trees, while the principal component analysis showed that the improvement of soil TN in the mixed plantation alleviated the N limitation. In addition, mixed stands reduced N, P, and N:P homeostasis in branch, trunk, and bark of some Chinese fir trees, whereas mixed species showed flexibility in leaf N:P homeostasis.

Discussion

Therefore, the selection of mixed species for mixed forests is a critical factor to consider when creating mixed plantations. These results contribute to our understanding of the ecological stoichiometry of fir plantations and are of considerable importance for the sustainable development of plantations as well as for the response to global climate change.
Causal relationship between gut microbiota and risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a genetic correlation and bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Kui , Wang Suijian , Chen Yuhua , Lu Xinchen , Wang Danshu , Zhang Yao , Pan Wei , Zhou Chunhua , Zou Duowu
Published: February 2024

Background

Numerous observational studies have identified a linkage between the gut microbiota and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, a clear causative association between the gut microbiota and GERD has yet to be definitively ascertained, given the presence of confounding variables.

Methods

The genome-wide association study (GWAS) pertaining to the microbiome, conducted by the MiBioGen consortium and comprising 18,340 samples from 24 population-based cohorts, served as the exposure dataset. Summary-level data for GERD were obtained from a recent publicly available genome-wide association involving 78 707 GERD cases and 288 734 controls of European descent. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was performed as a primary analysis, the other four methods were used as supporting analyses. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses encompassing Cochran’s Q statistics, MR-Egger intercept, MR-PRESSO global test, and leave-one-out methodology were carried out to identify potential heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. Ultimately, a reverse MR assessment was conducted to investigate the potential for reverse causation.

Results

The IVW method’s findings suggested protective roles against GERD for the Family Clostridiales Vadin BB60 group (P = 0.027), Genus Lachnospiraceae UCG004 (P = 0.026), Genus Methanobrevibacter (P = 0.026), and Phylum Actinobacteria (P = 0.019). In contrast, Class Mollicutes (P = 0.037), Genus Anaerostipes (P = 0.049), and Phylum Tenericutes (P = 0.024) emerged as potential GERD risk factors. In assessing reverse causation with GERD as the exposure and gut microbiota as the outcome, the findings indicate that GERD leads to dysbiosis in 13 distinct gut microbiota classes. The MR results’ reliability was confirmed by thorough assessments of heterogeneity and pleiotropy.

Conclusions

For the first time, the MR analysis indicates a genetic link between gut microbiota abundance changes and GERD risk. This not only substantiates the potential of intestinal microecological therapy for GERD, but also establishes a basis for advanced research into the role of intestinal microbiota in the etiology of GERD.
Neutrophil extracellular traps - a potential trigger for the development of thrombocytopenia during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Haus Moritz , Foltan Maik , Philipp Alois , Mueller Thomas , Gruber Michael , Lingel Maximilian P. , Krenkel Lars , Lehle Karla
Published: February 2024

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have recently emerged as a potential link between inflammation, immunity, and thrombosis, as well as other coagulation disorders which present a major challenge in the context of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). By examining blood from ECMO patients for NETs and their precursors and correlating them with clinical and laboratory biomarkers of coagulation and inflammation, this study aims to evaluate the association between the presence of NETs in the bloodstream of ECMO patients and the development of potentially severe coagulation disorders during ECMO therapy. Therefore, blood samples were collected from healthy volunteers (n=13) and patients receiving veno-venous (VV) ECMO therapy (n=10). To identify NETs and their precursors, DNA and myeloperoxidase as well as granulocyte marker CD66b were visualized simultaneously by immunofluorescence staining in serial blood smears. Differentiation of DNA-containing objects and identification of NETs and their precursors was performed semiautomatically by a specific algorithm using the shape and size of DNA staining and the intensity of MPO and CD66b signal. Neutrophil extracellular traps and their precursors could be detected in blood smears from patients requiring VV ECMO. Compared to volunteers, ECMO patients presented significantly higher rates of NETs and NET precursors as well as an increased proportion of neutrophil granulocytes in all detected nucleated cells. A high NET rate prior to the initiation of ECMO therapy was associated with both increased IL-6 and TNF-α levels as an expression of a high cytokine burden. These patients with increased NET release also presented an earlier and significantly more pronounced decrease in platelet counts and ATIII activity following initiation of therapy compared with patients with less elevated NETs. These findings provide further indications for the development of immune-mediated acquired thrombocytopenia in ECMO patients.
Prediction of the shear wave speed of seafloor sediments in the northern South China Sea based on an XGBoost algorithm
Authors: Meng Wenjing , Meng Xiangmei , Wang Jingqiang , Li Guanbao , Liu Baohua , Kan Guangming , Lu Junjie , Zhao Lihong , Zhi Pengyao
Published: February 2024

Based on data on the shear wave speed and physical properties of the shallow sediment samples collected in the northwest South China Sea, the hyperparameter selection and contribution of the characteristic factors of the machine learning model for predicting the shear wave speed of seafloor sediments were studied using the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm. An XGBoost model for predicting the shear wave speed of seafloor sediments was established based on four physical parameters of the sediments: porosity (n), water content (w), density (ρ), and average grain size (MZ). The result reveals that: (1) The shear wave speed has a good correlation with n, w, ρ, and MZ, and their Pearson correlation coefficients are all above 0.75, indicating that they can be used as the suitable characteristic parameters for predicting the shear wave speed based on the XGBoost model; (2) When the number of weak learners (n_estimators) is 115 and the maximum depth of the tree (max_depth) is 6, the XGBoost model has a very high goodness of fit (R2) of the validation data of 0.914, the very low mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the predicted shear wave speed are 3.366 m/s and 9.90%, respectively; (3) Compared with grain-shearing (GS) model and single- and dual-parameter regression equation prediction models, the XGBoost model for the shear wave speed of seafloor sediments has higher fitting goodness and lower prediction error.
Physical and respiratory therapy in the critically ill patient with obesity: a narrative review
Authors: Martínez-Camacho Miguel Ángel , Jones-Baro Robert Alexander , Gómez-González Alberto , Morales-Hernández Diego , Lugo-García Dalia Sahian , Melo-Villalobos Andrea , Navarrete-Rodríguez Carlos Alberto , Delgado-Camacho Josué
Published: February 2024

Obesity has become increasingly prevalent in the intensive care unit, presenting a significant challenge for healthcare systems and professionals, including rehabilitation teams. Caring for critically ill patients with obesity involves addressing complex issues. Despite the well-established and safe practice of early mobilization during critical illness, in rehabilitation matters, the diverse clinical disturbances and scenarios within the obese patient population necessitate a comprehensive understanding. This includes recognizing the importance of metabolic support, both non-invasive and invasive ventilatory support, and their weaning processes as essential prerequisites. Physiotherapists, working collaboratively with a multidisciplinary team, play a crucial role in ensuring proper assessment and functional rehabilitation in the critical care setting. This review aims to provide critical insights into the key management and rehabilitation principles for obese patients in the intensive care unit.
Toxoplasma gondii Me49 and NED strains arrest host cell cycle progression and alter chromosome segregation in a strain-independent manner
Authors: Rojas-Barón Lisbeth , Hermosilla Carlos , Taubert Anja , Velásquez Zahady D.
Published: February 2024

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that modulates a broad range of host cell functions to guarantee its intracellular development and replication. T. gondii includes three classical clonal lineages exhibiting different degrees of virulence. Regarding the genetic diversity of T. gondii circulating in Europe, type II strains and, to a lesser extent, type III strains are the dominant populations, both in humans and animals. Infections with the type I strain led to widespread parasite dissemination and death in mice, while type III is considered avirulent. Previously, we demonstrated that primary endothelial cells infected with the T. gondii RH strain (haplotype I) were arrested in the G2/M-phase transition, triggering cytokinesis failure and chromosome missegregation. Since T. gondii haplotypes differ in their virulence, we here studied whether T. gondii-driven host cell cycle perturbation is strain-dependent. Primary endothelial cells were infected with T. gondii Me49 (type II strain) or NED (type III strain), and their growth kinetics were compared up to cell lysis (6–30 h p. i.). In this study, only slight differences in the onset of full proliferation were observed, and developmental data in principle matched those of the RH strain. FACS-based DNA quantification to estimate cell proportions experiencing different cell cycle phases (G0/1-, S-, and G2/M-phase) revealed that Me49 and NED strains both arrested the host cell cycle in the S-phase. Cyclins A2 and B1 as key molecules of S- and M-phase were not changed by Me49 infection, while NED infection induced cyclin B1 upregulation. To analyze parasite-driven alterations during mitosis, we demonstrated that both Me49 and NED infections led to impaired host cellular chromosome segregation and irregular centriole overduplication. Moreover, in line with the RH strain, both strains boosted the proportion of binucleated cells within infected endothelial cell layers, thereby indicating enhanced cytokinesis failure. Taken together, we demonstrate that all parasite-driven host cell cycle arrest, chromosome missegregation, and binucleated phenotypes are T. gondii-specific but strain independent.
Deep groundwater irrigation altered microbial community and increased anammox and methane oxidation in paddy wetlands of Sanjiang Plain, China
Authors: Li Huai , Song Aiwen , Qiu Ling , Liang Shen , Chi Zifang
Published: February 2024

The over-utilizing of nitrogen fertilizers in paddy wetlands potentially threatens to the surrounding waterbody, and a deep understanding of the community and function of microorganisms is crucial for paddy non-point source pollution control. In this study, top soil samples (0–15 cm) of paddy wetlands under groundwater's irrigation at different depths (H1: 6.8 m, H2: 13.7 m, H3: 14.8 m, H4: 15.6 m, H5: 17.0 m, and H6: 17.8 m) were collected to investigate microbial community and function differences and their interrelation with soil properties. Results suggested some soil factor differences for groundwater's irrigation at different depths. Deep-groundwater's irrigation (H2-H6) was beneficial to the accumulation of various electron acceptors. Nitrifying-bacteria Ellin6067 had high abundance under deep groundwater irrigation, which was consistent with its diverse metabolic capacity. Meanwhile, denitrifying bacteria had diverse distribution patterns. Iron-reducing bacteria Geobacter was abundant in H1, and Anaeromyxobacter was abundant under deep groundwater irrigation; both species could participate in Fe-anammox. Furthermore, Geobacter could perform dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia using divalent iron and provide substrate supply for anammox. Intrasporangium and norank_f_Gemmatimonadacea had good chromium- and vanadium-reducting potentials and could promote the occurrence of anammox. Low abundances of methanotrophs Methylocystis and norank_f_Methyloligellaceae were associated with the relatively anoxic environment of paddy wetlands, and the presence of aerobic methane oxidation was favorable for in-situ methane abatement. Moisture, pH, and TP had crucial effects on microbial community under phylum- and genus-levels. Microorganisms under shallow groundwater irrigation were highly sensitive to environmental changes, and Fe-anammox, nitrification, and methane oxidation were favorable under deep groundwater irrigation. This study highlights the importance of comprehensively revealing the microbial community and function of paddy wetlands under groundwater's irrigation and reveals the underlying function of indigenous microorganisms in agricultural non-point pollution control and greenhouse gas abatement.