bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Media Preferences That Facilitate Interpersonal Communication Regarding Sexual Health
Authors: Chandler Rasheeta , Johnson-Mallard Versie , Kip Kevin , Evans Mary
Published: October 2013

Young women are increasingly diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. The aim of this study was to test various types of mass media and their associations with interpersonal communication about sex and HIV or AIDS among female college students, stratified by race. The study used a nonexperimental cross-sectional design and an electronic survey. The sample consisted of female college students ( N = 776) at a 4-year public university in the southeast. We found that the race of college women influenced their preferred media source for reception of information about sex and HIV/AIDS, which subsequently either motivated or was insignificant to communication with parents and/or partners.
Patient–Provider Rapport in the Health Care of People Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Salvalaggio Ginetta , McKim Robert , Taylor Marliss , Wild T. Cameron
Published: October 2013

Little research has described determinants and consequences of patient–provider rapport among people who inject drugs (PWIDs). This mixed-method study (a) qualitatively described facilitators, barriers, and consequences to rapport development between PWIDs and their health care providers and (b) quantitatively tested the hypothesis that quality of rapport is associated with positive patterns of service use. Two exploratory focus groups with PWIDs and care providers were conducted. Subsequently, 89 PWIDs completed a survey interview; of those, eight completed a follow-up qualitative interview. Qualitative results indicated that rapport is influenced by drug-related behaviors, addiction severity, provider expertise, patient-centered care, and perceived discrimination and that rapport then influences patient compliance, timing of care, and criminal activity. Quantitative results indicated that rapport predicted PWID satisfaction with care as well as frequency and timing of emergency department presentations. Results suggest that PWID–provider rapport has several unique determinants and is associated with positive health care outcomes.
Moral Education, Mindfulness, and Social Engagement
Authors: Hyland Terry
Published: October 2013

Although there have recently been indications in U.K. educational policy and practice of a movement away from the dominance of economic capital and employability as primary goals of education and toward social capital with an emphasis on the affective domain and greater concerns with personal and social well-being, the prevailing instrumentalist and economistic function of learning still reigns supreme. Moreover, even though the neo-liberal hegemony and associated materialistic culture have been severely dented following the 2008 financial meltdown and current global economic recession, there are few signs of any marked trends away from selfish capitalism. This article suggests ways of foregrounding social capital through programs that incorporate “mindfulness”—non-judgmental present moment attention and awareness drawn from Buddhist traditions—as a means of rejuvenating the affective domain of learning concerned with emotions and values. The analysis will also address the recent challenge to what has been (mistakenly in my view) called a “therapeutic turn” in education claimed by critics who suggest that learning is or should be about intellectual-cognitive matters not feelings or emotional development. In the process, the links between mindfulness, the affective domain, and social engagement will be explored as ways of developing the social values that support community well-being and trust.
A Biomechanical Evaluation of the Kinetics for Multiple Pitching Techniques in College-Aged Pitchers
Authors: Solomito Matthew J. , Garibay Erin J. , Õunpuu Sylvia , Tate Janet P. , Nissen Carl W.
Published: October 2013

Background:

There are a number of studies showing that fastball pitches place greater loads on the shoulder and elbow than the curveball; however, the results of these studies are inconsistent, especially in collegiate-level pitchers. There is also discussion that sliders may produce substantially greater loads than other breaking pitches, but there is little scientific evidence to support this claim.

Hypothesis:

The curveball and slider/cutter produce greater moments on the shoulder and elbow compared with the fastball and change-up.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Thirty-six collegiate pitchers were evaluated using motion analysis techniques. All subjects pitched a fastball and a change-up, 29 pitched a curveball, and 20 pitched a slider/cutter. Kinematic data were collected, and kinetic (joint moment) data were computed using standard protocols. A random-intercept, mixed-model regression analysis was used to assess differences in joint moments between pitch types.

Results:

The greatest glenohumeral and elbow moments were found when pitchers were pitching the fastball (mean ± standard deviation: 80.8 ± 15.5 and 79.2 ± 16.9 N·m, respectively) and the lowest when pitching the change-up (73.2 ± 14.5 and 71.6 ± 15.0 N·m, respectively). The moments produced by the slider/cutter and curveball were similar (74.9 ± 16.4 and 75.6 ± 15.5 N·m at the elbow, respectively) and significantly lower than the moments produced by the fastball ( P < .0001). Results also indicate that the change-up produced the lowest joint moments compared with other pitch types.

Conclusion:

This study shows that the fastball and not the curveball or slider/cutter produced the greatest moments on the college pitcher’s glenohumeral and elbow joints, as previously believed. The study also shows that the change-up may be the safest of the 4 pitch types analyzed.

Clinical Relevance:

There is a long-held belief that throwing breaking pitches, specifically the slider and curveball, places additional stresses on the shoulder and elbow of skeletally mature pitchers. However, these results show that pitching breaking pitches may not be as detrimental to a college-aged pitcher as currently believed.
Identifying the candidate genes involved in the calyx abscission process of 'Kuerlexiangli’ (Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu) by digital transcript abundance measurements
Authors: Qi Xiaoxiao , Wu Jun , Wang Lifen , Li Leiting , Cao Yufen , Tian Luming , Dong Xingguang , Zhang Shaoling
Published: October 2013

Background

'Kuerlexiangli’ (Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu), a native pear of Xinjiang, China, is an important agricultural fruit and primary export to the international market. However, fruit with persistent calyxes affect fruit shape and quality. Although several studies have looked into the physiological aspects of the calyx abscission process, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In order to better understand the molecular basis of the process of calyx abscission, materials at three critical stages of regulation, with 6000 × Flusilazole plus 300 × PBO treatment (calyx abscising treatment) and 50 mg.L-1GA3 treatment (calyx persisting treatment), were collected and cDNA fragments were sequenced using digital transcript abundance measurements to identify candidate genes.

Results

Digital transcript abundance measurements was performed using high-throughput Illumina GAII sequencing on seven samples that were collected at three important stages of the calyx abscission process with chemical agent treatments promoting calyx abscission and persistence. Altogether more than 251,123,845 high quality reads were obtained with approximately 8.0 M raw data for each library. The values of 69.85%-71.90% of clean data in the digital transcript abundance measurements could be mapped to the pear genome database. There were 12,054 differentially expressed genes having Gene Ontology (GO) terms and associating with 251 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) defined pathways. The differentially expressed genes correlated with calyx abscission were mainly involved in photosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, cell wall modification, transcriptional regulation, and carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, candidate calyx abscission-specific genes, e.g. Inflorescence deficient in abscission gene, were identified. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to confirm the digital transcript abundance measurements results.

Conclusions

We identified candidate genes that showed highly dynamic changes in expression during the calyx abscission process. These genes are potential targets for future functional characterization and should be valuable for exploration of the mechanisms of calyx abscission, and eventually for developing methods based on small molecule application to induce calyx abscission in fruit production.
Identification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated from clinical specimens at a tertiary care hospital: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ahmed Imran , Jabeen Kauser , Hasan Rumina
Published: October 2013

Background

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic pathogens in immuno-compromised patients. They are also increasingly recognized as pathogens in immuno-competent individuals. Globally, an increase in NTM isolation is being reported with a varied geographic prevalence of different species around the world. There is lack of data on species distribution of these organisms from Pakistan. Treatment options differ according to the species isolated and its susceptibility profile. Knowledge of local species variation would help targeted therapy. This study was performed to determine frequencies of different NTM species isolated from various clinical specimens submitted at a tertiary care hospital laboratory.

Methods

NTM isolated from 25955 clinical specimens over a period of two years (2010 to 2011) were included. All NTM were identified using conventional tests. Drug susceptibility testing (DST) was performed by broth microdilution and interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute’s document M24-A2.

Results

A total of 104 NTM were included in the study. Of these, 76% (54/71) rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and 57.6% (19/33) slow growing mycobacteria (SGM) could be further identified. Mycobacterium fortuitum (21/54) was the commonest NTM identified among RGM followed by M. mucogenicum (12/54) and M. smegmatis (11/54). Among SGM, M. avium complex (MAC) was the most frequent (14/19). Clinical significance could be assessed in a limited number (52/104) of NTM isolates and MAC appeared to be the commonest significant NTM. Three extra-pulmonary cases were found to be healthcare associated infections. DST results for RGM showed susceptibility to amikacin (100%), clarithromycin (100%, except M. fortuitum where it is not reportable), linezolid (90%) and moxifloxacin (75%). Whereas SGM were susceptible to clarithromycin (100%), linezolid (58.8%) and moxifloxacin (64.7%).

Conclusion

This is the first study reporting NTM species and their clinical significance isolated from clinical specimens from Pakistan. Isolation of NTM from clinical specimens should prompt to evaluate their clinical significance.
Infection by Brazilian and Dutch swine hepatitis E virus strains induces haematological changes in Macaca fascicularis
Authors: de Carvalho Lilian G , Marchevsky Renato S , dos Santos Debora RL , de Oliveira Jaqueline M , de Paula Vanessa S , Lopes Leilane M , Van der Poel Wilhelmus HM , González Jorge E , Munné Maria S , Moran Julio , Cajaraville Ana Carolina R A , Pelajo-Machado Marcelo , Cruz Oswaldo G , Pinto Marcelo A
Published: October 2013

Background

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been described as an emerging pathogen in Brazil and seems to be widely disseminated among swine herds. An autochthonous human case of acute hepatitis E was recently reported. To obtain a better understanding of the phenotypic profiles of both human and swine HEV strains, a experimental study was conducted using the animal model, Macaca fascicularis.

Methods

Six cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were inoculated intravenously with swine HEV genotype 3 that was isolated from naturally and experimentally infected pigs in Brazil and the Netherlands. Two other monkeys were inoculated with HEV genotype 3 that was recovered from Brazilian and Argentinean patients with locally acquired acute and fulminant hepatitis E. The haematological, biochemical, and virological parameters of all animals were monitored for 67 days.

Results

Subclinical hepatitis was observed in all monkeys after inoculation with HEV genotype 3 that was recovered from the infected swine and human patients. HEV RNA was detected in the serum and/or faeces of 6 out of the 8 cynomolgus monkeys between 5 and 53 days after inoculation. The mild inflammation of liver tissues and elevations of discrete liver enzymes were observed. Seroconversions to anti-HEV IgM and/or IgG were detected in 7 animals. Reactivities to anti-HEV IgA were also detected in the salivary samples of 3 animals. Interestingly, all of the infected monkeys showed severe lymphopenia and a trend toward monocytosis, which coincided with elevations in alanine aminotransferase and antibody titres.

Conclusions

The ability of HEV to cross the species barrier was confirmed for both the swine (Brazilian and Dutch) and human (Argentinean) strains, thus reinforcing the zoonotic risk of hepatitis E in South America. Cynomolgus monkeys that were infected with HEV genotype 3 developed subclinical hepatitis that was associated with haematological changes. Haematological approaches should be considered in future studies of HEV infection.
Entangled effects of allelic and clonal (genotypic) richness in the resistance and resilience of experimental populations of the seagrass Zostera noltii to diatom invasion
Authors: Massa Sónia I , Paulino Cristina M , Serrão Ester A , Duarte Carlos M , Arnaud-Haond Sophie
Published: October 2013

Background

The relationship between species diversity and components of ecosystem stability has been extensively studied, whilst the influence of the genetic component of biodiversity remains poorly understood. Here we manipulated both genotypic and allelic richness of the seagrass Zostera noltii, in order to explore their respective influences on the resistance of the experimental population to stress. Thus far intra-specific diversity was seldom taken into account in management plans, and restoration actions showed very low success. Information is therefore needed to understand the factors affecting resistance and resilience of populations.

Results

Our results show a positive influence of both allelic and genotypic richness on the resistance of meadows to environmental perturbations. They also show that at the low genotypic (i.e. clonal) richness levels used in prior experimental approaches, the effects of genotypic and allelic richness could not be disentangled and allelic richness was a likely hidden treatment explaining at least part of the effects hitherto attributed to genotypic richness.

Conclusions

Altogether, these results emphasize the need to acknowledge and take into account the interdependency of both genotypic and allelic richness in experimental designs attempting to estimate their importance alone or in combination. A positive influence of allelic richness on resistance to perturbations, and of allelic richness combined with genotypic richness on the recovery (resilience) of the experimental populations is supported by differential mortality. These results, on the key species structuring of one of the most threatened coastal ecosystem worldwide, seagrass meadows, support the need to better take into account the distinct compartments of clonal and genetic diversity in management strategies, and in possible restoration plans in the future.
High expression of prolactin receptor is associated with cell survival in cervical cancer cells
Authors: Lopez-Pulido Edgar I , Muñoz-Valle José F , Del Toro-Arreola Susana , Jave-Suárez Luis F , Bueno-Topete Miriam R , Estrada-Chávez Ciro , Pereira-Suárez Ana Laura
Published: October 2013

Background

The altered expression of prolactin (PRL) and its receptor (PRLR) has been implicated in breast and other types of cancer. There are few studies that have focused on the analysis of PRL/PRLR in cervical cancer where the development of neoplastic lesions is influenced by the variation of the hormonal status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of PRL/PRLR and the effect of PRL treatment on cell proliferation and apoptosis in cervical cancer cell lines.

Results

High expression of multiple PRLR forms and PRLvariants of 60–80 kDa were observed in cervical cancer cell lines compared with non-tumorigenic keratinocytes evaluated by Western blot, immunofluorecence and real time PCR. Treatment with PRL (200 ng/ml) increased cell proliferation in HeLa cells determined by the MTT assay at day 3 and after 1 day a protective effect against etoposide induced apoptosis in HeLa, SiHa and C-33A cervical cancer cell lines analyzed by the TUNEL assay.

Conclusions

Our data suggests that PRL/PRLR signaling could act as an important survival factor for cervical cancer. The use of an effective PRL antagonist may provide a better therapeutic intervention in cervical cancer.
The TREAT-NMD care and trial site registry: an online registry to facilitate clinical research for neuromuscular diseases
Authors: Rodger Sunil , Lochmüller Hanns , Tassoni Adrian , Gramsch Kathrin , König Kirsten , Bushby Kate , Straub Volker , Korinthenberg Rudolf , Kirschner Janbernd
Published: October 2013

Background

Rare diseases pose many research challenges specific to their scarcity. Advances in potential therapies have made it more important than ever to be able to adequately identify not only patients with particular genotypes (via patient registries) but also the medical professionals who provide care for them at particular specialist centres of expertise and who may be competent to participate in trials. Work within the neuromuscular field provides an example of how this may be achieved.

Methods

This paper describes the development of the TREAT-NMD Care and Trial Site Registry (CTSR), an initiative of an EU-funded Network of Excellence, and its utility in providing an infrastructure for clinical trial feasibility, recruitment, and other studies.

Results

285 CTSR-registered centres, reporting 35,495 neuromuscular patients, are described alongside an analysis of their provision for DMD. Site characteristics vary by country: the average number of DMD patients seen per site in the United States (96) is more than in Germany (25), and paediatric/adult breakdown is also markedly distinct. Over 70% of sites have previous trial experience, with a majority including a Clinical Trials Unit. Most sites also have MLPA diagnostic capability and access to a range of medical specialists. However, in the three countries reporting most sites (US, the UK and Germany), few had access to all core DMD specialists internally. Over 60% of sites did not report any form of transition arrangement.

Conclusions

Registries of care and trial sites have significant utility for research into rare conditions such as neuromuscular diseases, demonstrated by the significant engagement by industry and other researchers with the CTSR. We suggest that this approach may be applicable to other fields needing to identify centres of expertise with the potential to carry out clinical research and engage in clinical trials. Such registries also lend themselves to the developing context of European Reference Networks (ERNs), which seek to build networks of centres of expertise which fit specific criteria, and which may themselves aid the sustainability of such registries. This is particularly the case given the utility of registries such as the CTSR in enabling networks of best-practice care centres.
A novel untargeted metabolomics correlation-based network analysis incorporating human metabolic reconstructions
Authors: Kotze Helen L , Armitage Emily G , Sharkey Kieran J , Allwood James W , Dunn Warwick B , Williams Kaye J , Goodacre Royston
Published: October 2013

Background

Metabolomics has become increasingly popular in the study of disease phenotypes and molecular pathophysiology. One branch of metabolomics that encompasses the high-throughput screening of cellular metabolism is metabolic profiling. In the present study, the metabolic profiles of different tumour cells from colorectal carcinoma and breast adenocarcinoma were exposed to hypoxic and normoxic conditions and these have been compared to reveal the potential metabolic effects of hypoxia on the biochemistry of the tumour cells; this may contribute to their survival in oxygen compromised environments. In an attempt to analyse the complex interactions between metabolites beyond routine univariate and multivariate data analysis methods, correlation analysis has been integrated with a human metabolic reconstruction to reveal connections between pathways that are associated with normoxic or hypoxic oxygen environments.

Results

Correlation analysis has revealed statistically significant connections between metabolites, where differences in correlations between cells exposed to different oxygen levels have been highlighted as markers of hypoxic metabolism in cancer. Network mapping onto reconstructed human metabolic models is a novel addition to correlation analysis. Correlated metabolites have been mapped onto the Edinburgh human metabolic network (EHMN) with the aim of interlinking metabolites found to be regulated in a similar fashion in response to oxygen. This revealed novel pathways within the metabolic network that may be key to tumour cell survival at low oxygen. Results show that the metabolic responses to lowering oxygen availability can be conserved or specific to a particular cell line. Network-based correlation analysis identified conserved metabolites including malate, pyruvate, 2-oxoglutarate, glutamate and fructose-6-phosphate. In this way, this method has revealed metabolites not previously linked, or less well recognised, with respect to hypoxia before. Lactate fermentation is one of the key themes discussed in the field of hypoxia; however, malate, pyruvate, 2-oxoglutarate, glutamate and fructose-6-phosphate, which are connected by a single pathway, may provide a more significant marker of hypoxia in cancer.

Conclusions

Metabolic networks generated for each cell line were compared to identify conserved metabolite pathway responses to low oxygen environments. Furthermore, we believe this methodology will have general application within metabolomics.
The effect of hybridization of Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes on transmission of West Nile virus
Authors: Ciota Alexander T , Chin Pamela A , Kramer Laura D
Published: October 2013

Background

Culex pipiens L. complex mosquitoes have a global distribution and are primary vectors of pathogens of public health significance. In the U.S., Cx. pipiens bioformes, Cx. pipiens form pipiens and Cx. pipiens form molestus, as well as Cx. quinquefasciatus, are primary vectors of West Nile virus (WNV; Flaviviridae, Flavivirus). These mosquitoes reside in distinct but overlapping ecological niches and readily hybridize in areas where they coexist. Although species and population-specific differences in vector competence of Culex mosquitoes for WNV have been identified, the extent to which hybridization within this complex alters WNV transmission potential has not been well characterized.

Findings

WNV vector competence of laboratory colonies of Cx. p. f. pipiens, Cx. p. f. molestus, and Cx. quinquefasciatus was assessed and compared to hybrid populations created from reciprocal mating of these lines. The results demonstrate that hybridization has a significant effect on WNV infection, dissemination, and, particularly, transmission in Culex pipiens L. complex mosquitoes. Specifically, enhanced transmission of WNV was measured in all hybrid populations relative to one or both parental stains.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate that environmental or anthropogenic changes resulting in fluctuations in the distribution and extent of hybrid populations of Culex mosquitoes could have a significant impact on transmission patterns of WNV in nature.
A comparative study of ribosomal proteins: linkage between amino acid distribution and ribosomal assembly
Authors: Lott Brittany Burton , Wang Yongmei , Nakazato Takuya
Published: October 2013

Background

Assembly of the ribosome from its protein and RNA constituents must occur quickly and efficiently in order to synthesize the proteins necessary for all cellular activity. Since the early 1960’s, certain characteristics of possible assembly pathways have been elucidated, yet the mechanisms that govern the precise recognition events remain unclear.

We utilize a comparative analysis to investigate the amino acid composition of ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) with respect to their role in the assembly process. We compared small subunit (30S) r-protein sequences to those of other housekeeping proteins from 560 bacterial species and searched for correlations between r-protein amino acid content and factors such as assembly binding order, environmental growth temperature, protein size, and contact with ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in the 30S complex.

Results

We find r-proteins have a significantly high percent of positive residues, which are highly represented at rRNA contact sites. An inverse correlation between the percent of positive residues and r-protein size was identified and is mainly due to the content of Lysine residues, rather than Arginine. Nearly all r-proteins carry a net positive charge, but no statistical correlation between the net charge and the binding order was detected. Thermophilic (high-temperature) r-proteins contain increased Arginine, Isoleucine, and Tyrosine, and decreased Serine and Threonine compared to mesophilic (lower-temperature), reflecting a known distinction between thermophiles and mesophiles, possibly to account for protein thermostability. However, this difference in amino acid content does not extend to rRNA contact sites, as the proportions of thermophilic and mesophilic contact residues are not significantly different.

Conclusions

Given the significantly higher level of positively charged residues in r-proteins and at contact sites, we conclude that ribosome assembly relies heavily on an electrostatic component of interaction. However, the binding order of r-proteins in assembly does not appear to depend on these electrostatics interactions. Additionally, because thermophiles and mesophiles exhibit significantly different amino acid compositions in their sequences but not in the identities of contact sites, we conclude that this electrostatic component of interaction is insensitive to temperature and is not the determining factor differentiating the temperature sensitivity of ribosome assembly.
The nucleus accumbens: a target for deep brain stimulation in resistant major depressive disorder
Authors: Nauczyciel Cecilia , Robic Suzanne , Dondaine Thibaut , Verin Marc , Robert Gabriel , Drapier Dominique , Naudet Florian , Millet Bruno
Published: October 2013

Objective

This review aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for treating resistant Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). We explored the role of Nucleus accumbens (Nac) as a target for treatment.

Method

We made a systematic review of all studies examining the mechanisms of action of high frequency brain stimulation and the pathophysiology of MDD. We also reported all the studies exploring the therapeutic potential of DBS in MDD.

Results

As a central relay-structure, the Nac seems to play a central role in MDD symptomatology. We investigated its role as a primary target for DBS in depressed patients. Anatomically the Nac is at the centre of the interactions between dopaminergic, serotoninergic and glutamatergic systems. Functionally, the Nac is involved in both normal and abnormal reward processes and in anhedonia and loss of motivation. Due to its central location between the emotional system, the cognitive system and motor control system, the Nac seems to have a central role in mood and feeling regulation.

Conclusion

According to encouraging recent studies, DBS seems to be a promising technique in resistant MDD treatment.
Anti-citrullinated peptide autoantibodies, human leukocyte antigen shared epitope and risk of future rheumatoid arthritis: a nested case–control study
Authors: Arkema Elizabeth V , Goldstein Barbara L , Robinson William , Sokolove Jeremy , Wagner Catriona A , Malspeis Susan , Rosner Bernard , Grodstein Francine , Karlson Elizabeth W , Costenbader Karen H
Published: October 2013

Introduction

The aim of this study was to characterize anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) serostatus in pre-clinical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with and without Human Leukocyte Antigen-Shared Epitope (HLA-SE) alleles.

Methods

We identified 192 women in the Nurses’ Health Study cohorts with blood samples obtained 4 months to 17 years prior to medical record-confirmed RA diagnosis. Three controls were selected matched on age, cohort, menopausal status and post-menopausal hormone use. Reactivities to 18 ACPAs were measured using a custom BioPlex platform. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate the relative risk (RR) of RA for any ACPA-positive and peptide-specific ACPA-positive and examined RRs by time between blood draw and RA onset. Measures of multiplicative and additive interaction between any ACPA-positive and HLA-SE were calculated.

Results

All ACPAs by peptide groups were significantly associated with RA risk, RRs ranged from 4.7 to 11.7. The association between ACPA and RA varied over time with the strongest association in those with blood draw less than 5 years before onset (RR 17.0 [95% CI 5.8 to 53.7]) and no association 10 or more years prior to onset (RR 1.4 [95% CI 0.5 to 4.3]). Individuals with both HLA-SE and any ACPA-positive had the highest risk of RA. HLA-SE-positive RA cases showed reactivity to more ACPA types than HLA-SE negative (χ2 test for trend, P = 0.01).

Conclusions

There is increasing ACPA reactivity up to 10 years before RA onset with the strongest association within 5 years of RA onset. The magnitude of the response to ACPAs, in combination with the presence of HLA-SE, is most important for identifying those individuals with the highest risk of RA.
The Chelation-controlled Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction of Chiral α- and β-Alkoxy Aldehydes
Authors: Roiban Gheorghe-Doru , Ilie Adriana , Reetz Manfred T
Published: October 2013

The concept of treating chiral α- and β-alkoxy aldehydes with bicoordinate Lewis acids such as TiCl4, SnCl4, or MgBr2 followed by the addition of carbon nucleophiles for achieving chelation control with 1,2- and 1,3-asymmetric induction, respectively, was introduced three decades ago and has since evolved into a general method. In the case of enol silanes, the chelation-controlled Mukaiyama aldol reaction is involved, which has been used in recent natural products syntheses.
Broadband in School: Impact on Student Performance
Authors: Belo Rodrigo , Ferreira Pedro , Telang Rahul
Published: October 2013

This paper examines the effects of providing broadband to schools on students' performance. We use a rich panel of data on broadband use and students' grades from all middle schools in Portugal. Employing a first-differences specification to control for school-specific unobserved effects and instrumenting the quality of broadband to account for unobserved time-varying effects, we show that high levels of broadband use in schools were detrimental for grades on the ninth-grade national exams in Portugal. For the average broadband use in schools, grades reduced 0.78 of a standard deviation from 2005 to 2009. We also show that broadband has a negative impact on exam scores regardless of gender, subject, or school quality and that the way schools allow students to use the Internet affects their performance. In particular, students in schools that block access to websites such as YouTube perform relatively better.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2013.1770 .

This paper was accepted by Lorin Hitt, information systems.
The Nonstationary Staff-Planning Problem with Business Cycle and Learning Effects
Authors: Anderson Edward G.
Published: October 2013

Managing highly skilled employees is extremely complex because of the need to balance the costs and time lags associated with their training against the need to meet demand as quickly as possible. Unlike previous approaches to this problem in the staffing literature, this paper develops an optimal staffing policy at the strategic level to cope with nonstationary stochastic demand for a staff characterized by unproductive apprentice employees and fully productive experienced employees. The paper then explores the implications of this policy in different industries, using empirical data. Aside from the optimal policy, this paper's primary results include: (1) demand volatility reduces average productivity, most especially under conditions of low (or slightly negative) growth and—nonintuitively—low employee turnover or knowledge obsolescence rates; (2) there is a trade-off between meeting demand and high productivity; (3) firms with longer business cycles should smooth their hiring and firing policies; and (4) firms in industries with longer training times should smooth their hiring and firing policies. The paper also explores the possible rewards from reducing training times and turnover rates. Finally, it discusses managerial implications and possible future directions in research.
Understanding Executive Job Search
Authors: Cappelli Peter , Hamori Monika
Published: October 2013

We apply the exploitation/exploration dichotomy faced by organizations in business strategy to the decisions of individual executives as to whether to continue in their current organization and exploit career opportunities there or explore new ones through the avenue of job search. Specifically, we observe whether executives pursue offers from an executive search firm to be considered for positions at other organizations. Insights from the multi-armed bandit problem help explain who searches and who does not, focusing on the structural attributes of each individual’s situation. Individuals are more likely to search where their current roles are less certain and where broader career experience makes search more useful because the array of possible opportunities is greater. The results also shed light on the operations of executive search firms, who are central actors in executive careers.
Doxylamine Succinate/Pyridoxine Hydrochloride
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Demaris Kendra , Levien Terri L. , Baker Danial E.
Published: October 2013

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent in print and are also available online. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. A drug class review is now published monthly with The Formulary Monograph Service. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service, call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The October 2013 monograph topics are afatinib, ferric carboxymaltose, cangrelor, vedolizumab, and albiglutide. The DUE/MUE is on afatinib.
La infografía de 'El Mercurio' de Chile
Authors: Colle Raymond
Published: October 2013

El diario chileno El Mercurio incluye algunas veces en sus artículos la mención «ver infografía» para invitar a los lectores a completar la lectura con la observación de un cuadro anexo. Este cuadro, sin embargo, no siempre incluye un elemento icónico: como lo demostramos aquí, este diario utiliza una definición extremadamente amplia del concepto de infografía. Además de presentar aquí las características de todos los infográficos publicados en enero y febrero de 2009, mostramos también que los casos en que aparece la mención «ver infografía» no son predecibles a partir de estos cuadros y que éstos no se distinguen, por sus características, del resto de los publicados.
Los protagonistas de las películas colombianas 1990-2003
Authors: Rivera Betancur Jerónimo León
Published: October 2013

El cine colombiano es el objeto de estudio de este artículo, que parte de los resultados de la investigación “Personajes, acciones y escenarios en el cine colombiano de 1970-2005”, realizada en la Universidad de Medellín (Colombia) entre 2005 y 2007. Se trata de un artículo de revisión en el que se hace un análisis narrativo de la representación de personajes protagónicos en las películas colombianas de la década de 1990 hasta 2003 (año de la puesta en marcha de la ley del cine en Colombia). Se abordan algunas películas de la muestra y en cada una se hace un análisis de los personajes más representativos.
Ferias + web 2.0: medio definitivo de comunicación profesional
Authors: Baamonde Silva Xosé Manuel
Published: October 2013

Las ferias constituyen espacios de comunicación profesional. El estudio pretende analizar las webs feriales y la gestión de la comunicación en el mercado ferial. La investigación se basa en un análisis de contenido de los espacios feriales en Internet y en un estudio empírico por medio de un cuestionario por e-mail a los Dircom feriales. Los resultados indican que las webs feriales deberían ser más interactivas. Las ferias tradicionales más la web 2.0 son un medio definitivo de comunicación profesional. Estas ferias virtuales permiten difundir los avances técnicos y científicos. En estos certámenes se pueden trasladar a la sociedad contenidos complejos de una forma comunicable y comprensible. Así, contribuyen a lograr una verdadera sociedad del conocimiento.
El espejo mágico: la sociedad española de la II República según la publicidad de la revista Crónica (1931-1936)
Authors: González Mesa Isabel M.
Published: October 2013

Conocer los contextos en los que se desenvuelve una determinada sociedad es fundamental para comprender las pautas que rigen el sector publicitario dentro de unas coordenadas espacio-temporales, pero también resulta interesante establecer el proceso inverso. Es decir, partir de la producción publicitaria para describir un determinado contexto social, conocer los factores que lo producen y qué propuesta de sociedad se desprende de ese discurso publicitario. En este trabajo se trata de describir el modelo de sociedad española durante el período de la II República basándose en el análisis de la publicidad insertada en Crónica, una revista de información general, durante dos períodos de quince semanas cada uno, en 1931 y 1936.
Muslim Libraries in History
Authors: Laugu Nurdin
Published: October 2013

Secara historis, perpustakaan Islam telah memberikan banyak kontribusi dalam sejarah perkembangan peradaban dan ilmu pengetahuan, khususnya di kalangan ummat Islam. Isu perpustakaan Islam yang sangat menarik dan bahkan kontroversial dalam perjalanan sejarah Islam adalah, misalnya, eksistensi dan kejayaan perpustakaan Bayt al-Hikmah di Baghdad pada abad II Hijriyyah. Selain itu, perlu dicatat bahwa fenomena semacam ini banyak ditemukan dalam literatur-literatur wacana perpustakaan Islam. Isu yang menarik pula adalah kemunculan perpustakaan Muslim telah berbasis dari awal pembentukan masyarakat Islam, misalnya penyediaan koleksi-koleksi al-Quran di masjid dan mushalla serta tempat ibadah lainnya. Tulisan ini mencoba menelusuri dan membangun tipologi perpustakaan Muslim dan menjajaki isu-isu kemunculan dan perkembangan sampai stagnasinya. Wacana pertama yang disodorkan adalah asal-usul perpustakaan Islam, yang bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana perpustakaan mengalami perkembangan dan kemajuan dalam masyarakat Islam. Pembahasan selanjutnya mengenai temuan-temuan dari beragam literatur tentang perpustakaan di kalangan masyarakat Islam untuk membangun tipologi perpustakaan Muslim yang dianggap merepresentasikan jenis-jenis perpustakaan Muslim dalam sejarah perkembangan Islam. Terakhir adalah wacana yang mencoba untuk mengeksplorasi proses stagnasi dan bahkan keruntuhan perpustakaan Islam.
Legalitas Agama Menurut Ibn ‘Arabi
Authors: Mukhlis M.
Published: October 2013

In connection with the issues of religious pluralism, it is often that people have improper opinion on Ibn ‘Arabi. This article shows the thought of this prominent figure in religious pluralism, especially his concept in the parameter of religion, which he conceived in the construct of al-amr al-takwini and al-amr al-taklifi. In adition, the writer discusses Ibn ‘Arabi’s view on the superiority of Muhammad’s Islam among other religions, in spite of his pluralistic ideas.
Reaktualisasi Ajaran Islam: Studi atas Pemikiran Hukum Munawir Sjadzali
Authors: Ilyas Yunahar
Published: October 2013

Referring to Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya and Abū Yūsuf, Munawir Sjadzali says that it is necessary to make use of rational thought based on social context in reasoning and applying a legal rule. It is historical that Caliph ‘Umar has practiced this principle in connection with the case of land loot. Instead of taking the land of Syrians as loot, the Caliph ‘Umar took tax from the land owners and distributed the money for military. In another chance, Caliph ‘Umar stopped giving zakāh to mu’allaf group because there is no longer need to give them zakāh in the current situation, different from what Prophet Muhammad and Caliph Abū Bakr have practiced. According to Sjadzali, there are a lot of Islamic legal issues to which an intensive attention and contextualization should be drawn, such as the law of inheritance, zakāh for mu’allaf, bank interest, woman leadership, woman testimony, inter-religious marriage, non Muslim status, slavery, et cetera. The main idea of Sjadzali’s thought is the necessity to take social and cultural context of the society into account at comprehending, and then concluding a legal decision from, Quranic verses concerning with social life, though this will led to not apply the extrinsic meaning of those verses.
Spirituality Amidst the Uproar of Modernity: the Ritual of Dhikr and its Meanings among Members of Naqshbandy Sufi Order in Western Europe
Authors: Asfa Widiyanto
Published: October 2013

Artikel ini dimaksudkan untuk menelaah ritual dhikr dan maknanya di kalangan jamaah Naqshabandy di Eropa. Artikel ini tidak hanya mengungkapkan hasil pengamatan semata, tetapi juga mencatat ekspresi pengalaman jamaah sufi dengan bahasa mereka sendiri. Dengan demikian, diharapkan tradisi sufi tidak hanya dipahami sebagai fenomena sosial biasa, tetapi lebih sebagai tradisi yang terus hidup dan berkembang dalam masyarakat. Pada dasarnya, Naqshabandy adalah aliran sufi yang mengutamakan ketenangan dalam menapak jalan menuju Tuhan. Dhikir bagi jamaah Naqshabandy mengandung berbagai makna, baik yang abstrak maupun yang praktis. Sejarah juga telah mencatat keterlibatan kaum sufi, termasuk Naqshabandy, dalam persoalan politik dan ekonomi. Ini akan terus berlanjut bila situasi dan kecenderungan kelompok sufi mendukung ke arah tersebut sehingga tidak hanya terkait dengan persoalan spiritual, tetapi juga jaringan ekonomi dan politik.
Religious ADR: Mediation in Islamic Family Law Tradition
Authors: Lukito Ratno
Published: October 2013

Mediasi adalah salah satu metode resolusi konflik yang banyak menjadi kajian dalam studi Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), atau Resolusi Konflik Alternatif). Kelebihan dari teori ini terletak pada metodenya yang sepenuhnya menyerahkan proses resolusi tersebut kepada para pihak yang sedang konflik. Mediator dengan demikian sekadar memfasilitasi proses resolusi tersebut agar berjalan dengan baik. Keputusan akhir tetap berada pada para pihak yang berkonflik. Namun begitu, selama ini kajian mengenai mediasi ini tidak pernah melibatkan nilai-nilai agama. Sistem ilmu mengenai hal ini lahir dari masyarakat sekuler sehingga dilihat sebagai subjek yang terpisah dari kajian agama. Penulis berpendapat bahwa sejatinya banyak nilai-nilai yang sudah ditawarkan oleh agama terkait mediasi ini. Islam sebagai contoh telah menawarkan metode mediasi sebagai salah satu sarana dalam pencapaian perdamaian, khususnya dalam hal konflik keluarga. Dalam tulisan ini penulis mendeskripsikan tentang teori umum mediasi dalam sistem keilmuan ADR dan kemudian menghubungkannya dengan tradisi mediasi dalam masyarakat Islam yang diambil dari Quran 4:35. Dalam argumentasinya penulis mengemukakan bahwa interpretasi terhadap ayat tersebut dengan menggunakan teori-teori mediasi modern sangat penting untuk dilakukan, sehingga implementasi teori mediasi Islam dapat lebih ditingkatkan efektifitasnya.
Ibn Taymiyya’s Fatwas on Polygamy in Medieval Islam
Authors: Nasir Mohamad Abdun
Published: October 2013

The paper discusses about the fatwa of Ibn Taymiyya on polygamy. It is well known that as one of the famous jurisconsults in the end of the thirteenth century, Ibn Taymiyya has dispensed many of his responses to Islamic legal cases arose in his time. This paper shows that although relatively an infrequent case posed to him, the issue of polygamy was discussed in such a great length in his book Majmu‘ Fatawa. That is why it is important according to the author to know why and what kind of problems related to the practice of polygamous marriage posed to this giant Muslim jurist. It is argued that Ibn Taymiyya tended not to view the practice of polygamy as a wrongdoing although it might lead to some negative excess in concern of its practice in Muslim society. Thus, in spite of some problems that might occur, such as injustice to women, neglecting or deserting to the wives, he does not invalidate the marriage as long as the husband can assure the fairness in distributing material supports. Beyond its substantive legal response, the fatwa of polygamy indicates the rareness of the cases arose in his time. This is true if compared to other problems, such as divorce, pervasively posed to Ibn Taymiyya for a response.
The Economic Factors of the ‘Abbasid Decline During the Buwayhid Rule in the Fourth/Tenth Century
Authors: Tholib Udjang
Published: October 2013

Abbasid caliphate in the fourth/tenth century suffered from a sharp economic decline. This was the result of several factors, mainly civil wars, the Zanj and Qarmatian revolts, political interference by the Turkish and Daylamite soldiers, military iqta‘ and the activity of the ‘ayyarun. The civil wars had a destructive effect on the city of Baghdad and its citizens, ruined most of the land and caused a devaluation of dirham and dinars. The revolts of the Zanj and Qarmatians paralyzed trade in southern Iraq leading to a stagnation of currency and the banking system and a decrease in financial activity. The involvement of the Turkish and Daylamite soldiers in politics, and rivalries among them to gain power, led to the devastation of canals, dams and consequently ruined the agricultural sector. In addition, the introduction of military iqta‘ during this period resulted in the damage of cultivated lands due to their excessive exploitation and abandonment of their irrigation system. Finally, the activities of the ‘ayyarun in looting merchants' goods, burning many houses, and killing people, inflicted considerable loss on the merchants, encouraging the latter to leave Baghdad and do business in other cities.