bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RisCO2: SoC Implementation and Performance Evaluation of RISC-V Processors for Low-Power CO2 Concentration Sensing
Authors: Núñez-Prieto Ricardo , Castells-Rufas David , Terés-Terés Lluís
Published: May 2023

In the field of embedded systems, energy efficiency is a critical requirement, particularly for battery-powered devices. RISC-V processors have gained popularity due to their flexibility and open-source nature, making them an attractive choice for embedded applications. However, not all RISC-V processors are equally energy-efficient, and it is important to evaluate their performance in specific use cases. This paper evaluates the energy consumption and resource utilization of a new RISC-V processor, RisCO2, and four existing processors - Zero-riscy, Micro-riscy, Ri5cy, and CV32E40P - in a signal demodulation application for NDIR CO2 sensors. The processors were implemented in the PULPino SoC and synthesized using Vivado IDE. The processor named RisCO2 is based on the RV32E_Zfinx instruction set and was designed from scratch by the authors specifically for low-power signal processing applications such as signal demodulation in CO2 NDIR sensors. The other processors are Ri5cy, Micro-riscy, and Zero-riscy, developed by the PULP Platform team, and CV32E40P (derived from Ri5cy) from the OpenHW Group, all of them widely used in the RISC-V community. Our experiments showed that RisCO2 had the lowest energy consumption among the five processors, with a 53.5% reduction in energy consumption compared to CV32E40P and a 94.8% reduction compared to Micro-riscy. Additionally, RisCO2 had the lowest FPGA resource utilization compared to the best-performing processors, CV32E40P and Ri5cy, with a 46.1% and a 59% reduction in LUTs, respectively. Our findings suggest that RisCO2 is a highly energy-efficient RISC-V processor for NDIR CO2 sensors that require signal demodulation. The results also highlight the importance of evaluating processors in specific use cases to identify the most energy-efficient option. This paper provides valuable insights for designers of energy-efficient embedded systems using RISC-V processors.
Aortic Dilatation on the Edge of Dissection – Do We Operate Too Late? The Ratio between Ascending and Descending Aorta DiameteR (RADAR)
Authors: Lopez Perez Nerea , Reymond Philippe , Cikirikcioglu Mustafa , Van Steenberghe Mathieu , Sologashvili Tornike , Murith Nicolas , Perneger Thomas , Huber Christoph
Published: May 2023

(1) Background: There is a need of a novel surrogate marker to ease decision making when facing ascending aortic dilatation. In this article we study the ratio between ascending and descending aorta diameters as a potential one; (2) Methods: Retrospective observational cohort study, including all the patients who have undergone surgery for aTAAD between January 2014 and September 2020 at our center. A total of 50 patients were included. Clinical and demographic data was collected. Anatomical measurements were made including orthogonal maximal diameters of the ascending and descending aorta, post-dissection whole circumference length (post-wCL), post-dissection true lumen circumference length (post-tCL), surface and sphericity index of the ascending and descending aorta. Pre-dissection ascending aorta diameter (pre-AAD) and pre-dissection descending aorta diameter (pre-DAD) were calculated as well as the ratio between them and compared with reference values; (3) Results: 96% of the patients pre-AAD was smaller than the recommended 55mm. The ratio between the descending and ascending aorta pre-dissection diameters was significantly smaller compared to the reference value (0.657±0.125 versus 0.745± 0.016 with a mean difference of -0.088 and a p<0.001); (4) Conclusions: The 55mm threshold for aorta maximal diameter is an insufficient criterion when assessing the risk of dissection. The ratio between DAD and AAD is a parameter worthy of analysis as a tool to stratify the risk of dissection.
Investigate the Effect of rh-BMP2 on the Healing Process of the Gingival Tissue using Ki-67 Marker
Authors: Chantiri Mansour , Zeinoun Toni
Published: May 2023

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), belonging to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, regulate many cellular activities including proliferation and neovascularization. The use of recombinant human bone morphogenic protein 2 (rh-BMP 2) in oral and maxillofacial surgery has seen a tremendous increase, especially with bone grafting materials to promote bone reconstruction processes; even though its interactions with the other essential processes in the human tissues are still not fully clear. investigating the effect of administrating rh-bmp2 on the clinical values of the gingival cell proliferation index Ki67 marker expression in the gingival tissue in comparison with normal human gingival tissue. The study includes 2 groups in a randomized controlled Clinical Trial: 40 gingival samples; 20 normal and 20 have been treated with 0.25µg of rh-BMP2 during dental implantation in the posterior mandible area, taken 3 months later in the time of healing abutments installation using a tissue puncher. Samples will be stained with hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemically. The expression of Ki67 will be measured in one way: the number of cells that express the marker. The comparison between groups will be done using One -a way ANOVA test in the numerical data SPSS 17.0 will be used as software. Differences would be considered significant at P=0.05. It is considered that rh-BMP2 can improve gingival tissue proliferation in patients undergoing dental implant treatment, and indicates better healing.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF TRIBOLOGY-RELATED SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY PARAMETERS AND HARDNESS OF 16MNCR5 CASE HARDENED STEEL
Authors: Nagy Nora
Published: May 2023

Tribological properties are determinant in the functionality of contacting surfaces of machine elements. The wear resistance or load bearing capacity influence the lifetime of these parts. In this study tribology-related surface topography parameters (Ssk, Sbi) and the hardness of hard turned surfaces are analyzed after hardness and topography measurements. Correlation coefficients were calculated for their relationships. It was found that the cutting parameters affect the wear resistance and the hardness in the opposite direction.
Preoperative Computed Tomography Angiography to Prevent Vascular Injuries in 4-Part Proximal Humerus Fracture-Dislocations
Authors: Ferrera Fernando , Lawrence Dylan , Williams D. Patrick
Published: May 2023

Cases:

This study compares 2 cases of 4-part proximal humerus fracture-dislocations managed by reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: one with significant medialization and acute surgical management and another with mild medialization and delayed surgical management. Both presented with normal vascular examination; however, computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed vascular involvement necessitating thoracic or vascular surgery consultation.

Conclusion:

Although vascular injuries are rare, they should be considered in patients with complex injuries, particularly those with delayed treatment or medialization of a bony structure. Our cases highlight important fracture characteristics where a preoperative CTA should be considered even with a normal vascular examination.
The Effect of Return on Equity, Earnings Per Share, and Price Earning Ratio on Stock Prices
Authors: Fakhroni Imam , Futaqi Faruq Ahmad
Published: May 2023

This study aims to analyze the effect of return on equity (ROE), earnings per  share (EPS), and price earning ratio (PER)    partially and jointly (simultaneously) on the share prices of processed food sub-industry companies listed on ISSI during the period 2016 – 2020. This study had test samples of 7 processed food sub-industry companies listed on the Indonesia Sharia Stock Index (ISSI). The data used in the study was panel data type with 35 samples while the type of research used was associative research with a quantitative approach and using panel data regression. The results of the t-statistics test  show that  the ROE  and PER variables   have a negative and insignificant influence on stock prices. The EPS variable has  the results of t-statistics  testing, which has a positive and significant effect on stock prices. Based  on the results of the F-statistic test, the  variationof ROE, EPS,  and PER together   (simultaneously) has a positive and significant effect on the stock price. The change in stock price  in this study can be explained by the ROE, EPS,  and  PER variables  of 27% and the remaining 73% is explained by other variables outside the variables in this study.
IADC Code Upgrade: Data Collection and Workflow Required to Conduct Bit and BHA Forensics to Create Effective Changes in Practices or Design
Authors: Watson William , Dupriest Fred , Witt-Doerring Ysabel , Sugiura Junichi , Pastusek Paul , Daechsel Dustin , Abbas Raafat , Shackleton David , Amish Mohamed
Published: May 2023

This paper introduces a forensic workflow that can be used to link drill-bit and bottomhole assembly (BHA) damage to drilling dysfunction. This paper will also discuss the data that should be collected and how it should be processed to enable operational practices and engineering design changes to address these issues.

There is a vast amount of data collected in all drilling operations that can be used to improve performance if utilized within an effective forensic workflow. Several drilling forensic case studies were developed and critically reviewed by subject matter experts from across the industry. From the causal analysis for each case study, an assessment was performed on what information was (1) available, (2) required to diagnose the cause, and (3) not available but would have been preferred. The way the team communicated and acted on the data was also documented.

By combining the learnings from these case studies, it was observed that a guided approach can improve data collection and lead to a more consistent, accurate, timely, and causal analysis with appropriate remedial actions. The process discussed within has been refined to support data collection for forensic analysis and provides a reference for field- and office-based drilling professionals. These practical guidelines have been developed to offer a foundation for a drilling forensic data collection methodology as well as training for the industry—they have been created such that they can grow organically and will form part of the International Association of Drilling Contactors (IADC) Bit Dull Grading Recommended Practice to support the IADC dull grade manual. In the future, these can be used for developing subsequent industry publications.

The work described in this paper is part of a joint IADC/Society of Petroleum Engineers industry effort to revise the IADC dull grade manual.
A catch bond mechanism with looped adhesive tethers for self-strengthening materials
Authors: Dansuk Kerim , Pal Subhadeep , Keten Sinan
Published: May 2023

The lifetime of chemical bonds shortens exponentially with force. Oddly, some protein-ligand complexes called catch bonds exhibit a sharp increase in lifetime when pulled with greater force1. Inventing catch bond interfaces in synthetic materials would enable force-enhanced kinetics or self-strengthening under mechanical stress. We present a molecular design that recapitulates catch bond behavior between nanoparticles tethered with macromolecules, consisting of one looped and one straight tether linking particles with weak adhesion. We calibrate the loop stiffness such that it opens around a target force to enable load-sharing among tethers, which facilitates a sequential to coordinated failure transition that reproduces experimental catch bond force-lifetime curve characteristics. We derive an analytical relation validated by molecular simulations to prove that loop and adhesion interactions can be tailored to achieve an unprecedented spectrum of catch bond lifetime curves with this simple design. Our predictions break new ground towards designing tunable, catch-bond inspired self-strengthening materials.
Token Open Secure and Practical NTRU-based Updatable Encryption
Authors: Song Yang , Gao Haiying , Wang Shiyu , Ma Chao , Sun Keshuo
Published: May 2023

Updatable encryption (UE) is suitable for key rotation and ciphertexts update in the cloud storage environment. A new security model for UE named Token Open security model is presented recently, which is closer to the real attack scenario. And the existing post-quantum secure UE schemes are all based on the LWE assumption without engineering implementation. In this paper, we improve the recently presented security model, which allows the adversary to corrupt all update tokens and keys of the past epochs. We show that our new model reflects the characteristics of UE. Then we construct the first UE scheme based on NTRU, named NTRU-UE. Our new scheme uses the key-switching technique to achieve backward-leak uni-directional key update and uni-directional ciphertext update and uses the ciphertext-masking technique to achieve rand-update. We show that the new scheme is secure under our new model. In addition, we accomplish the software implementation of NTRU-UE and the experiment results show that the scheme meets the practical requirements.
Excess Heat Production of the Pair Annihilation of Ionic Vacancies in a Copper Redox Reaction using a Double Bipolar MHD Electrode
Authors: Miura Makoto , Sugiyama Atsushi , Oshikiri Yoshinobu , Morimoto Ryoichi , Mogi Iwao , Miura Miki , Yamauchi Yusuke , Aogaki Ryoichi
Published: May 2023

By using a copper double bipolar magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) electrode (MHDE) producing twice the amounts of ionic vacancies than a conventional single MHDE, the molar excess heat of the pair annihilation of ionic vacancies, 702 kJ mol-1 at 10 T on average was obtained in a copper redox reaction. It was about twice larger as that of a single MHDE, 387 kJ mol-1 at the same magnetic field. This result strongly suggests that a multi-channel bipolar MHDE will produce much greater excess heat. To conserve the linear momentum and electric charge during electron transfer in an electrode reaction, ionic vacancies are created, storing the solvation energy in the polarized core of the order of 0.1 nm, and the pair annihilation of the vacancies with opposite charges liberates the energy as excess heat. From the promoted excess heat production by the double bipolar MHDE, the reproducibility of the thermal measurement was experimentally validated. At the same time, it was concluded that at magnetic fields beyond 10 T, the concentration of ionic vacancy and the collision efficiency take constant uppermost values.
Efficacy and safety of Wuling capsule combined with antidepressant drugs in the treatment of major depressive disorder: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Li Wangtao , Guo Liyuan , Hu Yiying , Liu Lanying
Published: May 2023

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a public health problem covering the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 300 million people around the world suffer from MDD, which can cause huge social and economic losses.Medical therapy is the main treatment for MDD. However, antidepressants often have delayed efficacy and many side effects, which seriously affect the quality of life of patients.To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Wuling capsule combined with antidepressant drug in the treatment of patients with MDD.
Methods: Relevant documents published before December 1st, 2022 were retrieved from CNKI, WANFANG DATA, SinoMed, VJIP, CBM, Web of Science, Pubmed, Embase, PsycINFO, ICTRP, and Clinical Tra databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that meet the inclusion criteria were selected. Their qualities were evaluated and classified. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4, and heterogeneity test and publication bias evaluation were performed.
Results: This review includes 1835 patients from 19 RCT studies. The research takes the intervention mode as the variable. The results show that compared with using antidepressant drug alone, using Wuling capsule combined with antidepressant drug displays statistical significance in MDD patients’ Hamilton Depression Scale score (HAMD) [mean difference (MD)=-3.86, 95%CI (-4.05, -3.67), P<0.001], Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale score (TESS) [MD=-2.13, 95%CI (-2.67, -1.58), P<0.001], the effective rate [risk ratio (RR)=1.17, 95%CI (1.12, 1.22), P<0.001], and the incidence of side effects [RR=0.45, 95%CI (0.33, 0.61), P<0.001].
Conclusions: Compared with antidepressants alone, the Wuling capsule has an advantage in improving the HAMD score of patients with MDD, and the side effects are significantly less than those of the control group. Through this study, we believe that the Wuling capsule can be used as a safe and effective adjunctive drug for the treatment of patients with MDD. However, the quality of the evidence still needs to be further improved, and more high-quality clinical trials are needed to increase the credibility of the evidence.
Full-waveform tomography reveals iron spin crossover in Earth’s lower mantle
Authors: Zhuang Jingyi , Lei Wenjie , Wentzcovitch Renata , Trampert Jeannot , Tromp Jeroen , Cobden Laura
Published: May 2023

Joint interpretation of bulk and shear wave speeds constrains the chemistry of the deep mantle. At all depths the diversity of wave speeds cannot be explained by an isochemical mantle. Between 1000 and 2500 km depth, hypothetical mantle models containing an electronic spin crossover in (Mg,Fe)O provide a significantly better fit to the wave-speed distributions, as well as more realistic temperatures and silica contents, than models without a spin crossover. Below 2500 km, wave speed distributions are explained by an enrichment in silica towards the core-mantle boundary. This silica enrichment may represent the fractionated remains of an ancient basal magma ocean.
Comparison of radiological outcomes for moderate and severe hallux valgus following distal chevron osteotomy and modified McBride procedure
Authors: Lin Chung-Wei , Chiang Cheng-Hung , Wang Wei-Chih , Yeh Chen-Wei , Chen Hsien-Te , Fong Yi-Chin , Kuo Chien-Chung
Published: May 2023

Background.Hallux valgus (HV) is a common forefoot disorder with hundreds of proposed management techniques. Distal chevron osteotomy with a modified McBride procedure has been traditionally recommended for mild-to-moderate HV because of its simple and less invasive nature with fewer complications, faster postoperative recovery, and reliable outcomes. In recent years, the indications for this procedure have expanded to include HV with severe deformities. This study aimed to directly compare the efficacy of this procedure for HV patients with moderate deformity with that in patients with the severe form of this disorder.Materials and Methods.A retrospective review of medical records identified 99 feet from 94 patients that were treated with distal chevron osteotomy with a modified McBride procedure. These feet were divided by the preoperative HV angle (HVA) and intermetatarsal angle (IMA) into the moderate (M, 64 feet) and severe groups (S, 35 feet). Baseline demographic data, preoperative and postoperative radiographic parameters were analyzed.Results.No significant differences in age, sex, body mass index, operation time, and duration of follow-up were observed between the two groups. Postoperative radiographic parameters significantly improved in both groups after treatment. Mean HVA and IMA normalized to <15° and <9°, respectively, in both groups, indicating adequate deformity correction. Improvement in the sesamoid position was better in group M compared to that in group S. The recurrence rate in group S was higher than that in group M, without statisticalsignificance (p=0.24).Conclusion.Radiological outcomes suggested that distal chevron osteotomy with a modified McBride procedure was effective and reliable in managing severe HV deformity, despite the slightly higher recurrence rate in this form of HV. Complete reduction of the sesamoids should be further emphasized during the management of severe HV deformity.
Lifetime of ground conformational state determines the activity of structured RNA
Authors: Thompson Rhese , Carbaugh Derek , Nielsen Joshua , Witt Ciara , Meganck Rita , Rangadurai Atul , Zhao Bo , Bonin Jeffrey , Nicely Nathan , Marzluff William , Frank Aaron , Lazear Helen , Zhang Qi
Published: May 2023

Biomolecules continually sample alternative conformations. Consequently, even the most energetically favored ground conformational state has a finite lifetime. Here, we show that, in addition to the 3D structure, the lifetime of a ground conformational state determines its biological activity. Using hydrogen-deuterium exchange nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we found that Zika virus exoribonuclease-resistant RNA (xrRNA) encodes a ground conformational state with a lifetime that is ~105–107 longer than that of canonical base pairs. Mutations that shorten the apparent lifetime of the ground state without affecting its 3D structure decreased exoribonuclease resistance in vitro and impaired virus replication in cells. Additionally, we observed this exceptionally long-lived ground state in xrRNAs from diverse infectious mosquito-borne flaviviruses. These results demonstrate the biological significance of the lifetime of a preorganized ground state and further suggest that elucidating the lifetimes of dominant 3D structures of biomolecules may be crucial for understanding their behaviors and functions.
Altered splicing machinery in lung carcinoids unveils NOVA1, PRPF8 and SRSF10 as novel candidates to understand tumor biology and expand biomarker discovery
Authors: Blázquez-Encinas Ricardo , García-Vioque Víctor , Caro-Cuenca Teresa , Moreno-Montilla María Trinidad , Mangili Federica , Alors-Pérez Emilia , Ventura Sebastian , Herrera-Martínez Aura D. , Moreno-Casado Paula , Calzado Marco A. , Salvatierra Ángel , Gálvez-Moreno María A. , Fernandez-Cuesta Lynnette , Foll Matthieu , Luque Raúl M. , Alcala Nicolas , Pedraza-Arevalo Sergio , Ibáñez-Costa Alejandro , Castaño Justo P
Published: May 2023

Background
Lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (LungNENs) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors ranging from indolent lesions with good prognosis to highly aggressive cancers. Carcinoids are the rarest LungNENs, display low to intermediate malignancy and may be surgically managed, but show resistance to radiotherapy/chemotherapy in case of metastasis. Molecular profiling is providing new information to understand lung carcinoids, but its clinical value is still limited. Altered alternative splicing is emerging as a novel cancer hallmark unveiling a highly informative layer.
Methods
We primarily examined the status of the splicing machinery in lung carcinoids, by assessing the expression profile of the core spliceosome components and selected splicing factors in a cohort of 25 carcinoids using a microfluidic array. Results were validated in an external set of 51 samples. Dysregulation of splicing variants was further explored in silico in a separate set of 18 atypical carcinoids. Selected altered factors were tested by immunohistochemistry, their associations with clinical features were assessed and their putative functional roles were evaluated in vitro in two lung carcinoid-derived cell lines.
Results
The expression profile of the splicing machinery was profoundly dysregulated. Clustering and classification analyses highlighted five splicing factors: NOVA1, SRSF1, SRSF10, SRSF9 and PRPF8. Anatomopathological analysis showed protein differences in the presence of NOVA1, PRPF8 and SRSF10 in tumor versus non-tumor tissue. Expression levels of each of these factors were differentially related to distinct number and profiles of splicing events, and were associated to both common and disparate functional pathways. Accordingly, modulating the expression of NOVA1, PRPF8 and SRSF10 in vitropredictably influenced cell proliferation and colony formation, supporting their functional relevance and potential as actionable targets.
Conclusions
These results provide primary evidence for dysregulation of the splicing machinery in lung carcinoids and suggest a plausible functional role and therapeutic targetability of NOVA1, PRPF8 and SRSF10.
Glacier Surge in Central Himalaya: A topographical surprise
Authors: Rana Ajay Singh , Kumar Vinit , Mehta Manish , Rawat Gautam
Published: May 2023

Our understanding of glacier dynamics and climate variability in the Himalaya exhibits significant gaps and heterogeneity. In this study, high-resolution LISS-IV (2011, 2017, 2020) and Cartosat-1 (2011, 2012) PAN images with Landsat data in conjunction with SRTM, ASTER, and High Mountain Asia (HMA) digital elevations models (DEMs) were used to understand the surge behaviour of an unnamed glacier in central Himalaya. Based on observations of the glacier terminus fluctuation, area change, surface ice velocity (SIV), and surface elevation change from 2000–2022, a study revealed that an unnamed glacier exhibited surge behavior. Glacier's SIV increased from 2000–2020 and is declining after the surge. The SIV was 7.21 ± 3.01 m/yr in 2001-02 and 163.32 ± 0.60 during October 2019-20. In September-October 2019, there was a sudden and significant increase in SIV to 863 meters within a month, indicating the surging behaviour of the glacier. Overall, the results suggest that the glacier's velocity varied considerably during the observed period, with periods of gradual increase, sudden increase, and significant decrease. Further, the glacier surface elevation change suggests an overall mass gain of 0.26 ± 0.27 m/yr from 2000-20, with a temporary mass loss of -0.13 ± 0.41 between 2011 and 2015. In addition, two earthquakes, measuring 3.5 and 3.3 in magnitude, occurred near the glacier on March 9th, 2018, at midnight (12:06 AM) and morning (4:29 AM), respectively. We assumed that these events may have impacted to glacier's base, which had previously rested on sedimentary rocks. This, combined with glacier melting and subsequent earthquakes in 2018, likely altered the glacier's velocity threshold, leading to a surge. In this paper, we present a novel observation of a glacier surge in the central Tethyan Himalaya and attempt to identify the underlying processes driving the surge. This study represents the first reported occurrence of a glacier surge in the central Himalaya.
Timing dependent neuronal migration is regulated by Cdk5-meidated phosphorylation of JIP1
Authors: Fei Qinglin , Im Doo Soon , Huang Tianwen , Qu Dianbo
Published: May 2023

The evolution of the mammalian brain, particularly the cerebral cortex, is characterized by an increase in size and complexity. Proper development of the cerebral cortex involves several coordinated events such as differentiation and migration, which plays a critical role in establishing a precise six-layered architecture. Our previous study has shown that phosphorylation of JIP1 at T205 by Cdk5 affects the axonal outgrowth. However, the spatiotemporal expression patterns and functions of these three genes in different cell types during cortical development are not well understood. In this study, we interrogated single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of mouse embryonic cortex and revealed that Cdk5, Cdk5r1 (p35) and Mapk8ip1 (JIP1) are dynamically expressed in intermediate progenitors (IPs). Pseudotime analysis showed that the expression of these three genes increased simultaneously in IPs during neuronal migration and differentiation. By manipulating the expression of JIP1 and phospho-mimic JIP1 using in utero electroporation, we demonstrated that phosphorylated JIP1 at T205 influenced the temporal migration of neurons. Taken together with previous findings that phospho-JIP1 at T205 regulates axonal growth, our study reveals a mechanism by which Cdk5, p35, and JIP1 coordinate to regulate neuron specification in the developing neocortex.
Optimizing and selecting tool design of micro friction stir spot weld for corrugated sandwich panel applications
Authors: Amat Mohammad Azwar , Andhika I Dewa Gede Ryan , Pratama Faundra Ihsan , Kiswanto Gandjar , Baskoro Ario Sunar
Published: May 2023

Tool geometries and plunge depth play significant roles in the stirring process of micro friction stir spot weld (µFSSW). Those two variables affecting the hook and joint formation, which leads to the joint strength of a single spot weld. The present work investigates the influence of tool geometry and plunge depth on the weld's quality. Furthermore, the result from the investigation will be used for reference to optimize the tool's design in the future based on the joint strength characteristics. It is performed on a 0.42-mm-thick AA1100 lap-shear joint and investigates each tool's macrostructure and mechanical properties. There were seven tool designs and three plunge depth variations. The plunge depth was varied to determine the hook and joint formation evolution in each tool design using macrostructural studies and determine the best plunge depth for the highest tensile shear load. While the tool design variation investigates the influence of size and geometry on joint characteristics, finding the best geometry corresponds with the highest tensile shear load. Regression and prediction interval analysis is used for the tensile shear load (max. load). The result shows that the formation of a hook, such as a straight or bending shape, depends on the feature of the stir zone, which is affected by the tool's geometry. The hook shape and location would determine the possibility of crack propagation path and ultimately affect the max load.
Effects of synbiotic supplementation on the health-related quality of life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Hariri Zahra , Yari Zahra , Hoseini Sedighe , Abhari Khadijeh , Sohrab Golbon
Published: May 2023

Background.
There are complicated mechanisms that link the disruption of the gut microbiome to the symptoms and complications of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this study, an attempt was made to assess the effects of synbiotics on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in PCOS patients.
Methods.
Fifty-six women with PCOS were enrolled in a triple-blind controlled trial for 12 weeks. They were randomly assigned to receive a daily 2g synbiotic sachets (containing Bacillus coagulans (GBI-30), Lactobacillus rhamnus, Lactobacillus helveticus, and fructooligosaccharide) (n = 28) or placebo (n = 28). To evaluate the impact on the HRQoL, patients were required to fill 26-Item Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (PCOSQ-26), 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) pre and post the intervention.
Results.
Finally, statistical analyses were performed on 52 patients who finished the trial. Synbiotic supplementation improved the scores of emotional (P = 0.044), body hair (P = 0.016), weight (P = 0.033) and infertility domains (P = 0.027) of PCOSQ-26 compared to placebo group. The physical score within SF-12 also had a significant enhancement (P = 0.035). No significant improvement was seen in the PSS-10 score at the end of the trial.
Conclusion.
This study illustrated the advantageous effects of synbiotics on the health-related quality of life in PCOS patients. Further studies are required to confirm our findings.
Trial registration:
http://www.irct.ir : IRCT20211108053007N1; date of registration: 2023-02-14
Late infection of cranioplasty presenting with extradural abscess thirty years after surgery: a case report
Authors: Perillo Teresa , Fedele Marina , D’Onofrio Giovanni , Serino Antonietta , Manto Andrea
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Delayed infection of cranioplasty is a rare complication which usually occurs 3 to 10 months after surgery. It causes subgaleal, extradural and/or subdural abscess, with accompanied local signs of infection. Typically, systemic manifestations are absent and laboratory tests are negative.
Case Presentation: We describe a case of late infection of the cranioplasty occurring 30 years after surgery, which has never been reported before in the scientific literature. Conclusions: Thus, in the appropriate clinical scenario, it is important to consider this entity among the differential diagnosis even decades after cranioplasty.
Enhancing feedback by health coaching: The Effectiveness of Mixed Methods Approach to Long-Term Physical Activity Changes in Nurses. An Intervention Study
Authors: Nerek Agnieszka , Wesołowska-Górniak Katarzyna , Czarkowska-Pączek Bożena
Published: May 2023

Background: Although knowledge of the barriers and motivators to physical activity participation among nurses is increasing, the factors influencing motivation methods’ effectiveness are not completely defined. This study aimed to identify the sociodemographic, occupational, and health-related factors that influence the effectiveness of motivation methods in increasing the level of daily physical activity among nurses.
Methods: This study was based on an intervention study protocol. All registered nurses in clinical settings were invited to participate in the study.
The study involved 71 professionally active nurses. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and employment data. The level of physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the daily number of steps was assessed using a pedometer. Body composition was measured using a bioimpedance method, and the 5-year risk of cardiovascular events was assessed using the Harvard Score. The intervention included self-monitoring daily steps using a pedometer and completing a diary daily for one month. Additionally, a few-minute speech was sent to each participant via email on the intervention’s 7th, 14th, and 21st days.
Results: The analysis revealed a higher value of physical activity recorded in the follow-up compared to the initial and final measurement in the Recreation domain [Met] (p < 0.001) and a higher value of daily steps in the follow-up compared to the final measurement (p = 0.005). Participants with a higher Harvard Score were more likely to increase their daily number of steps (OR = 6.025; 95% CI = 1.70-21.41), and nurses working in hospital wards were less likely to do so (OR = 0.002; 95% CI = 0.00-0.41).
Conclusions: Recommendations for physical activity in the nursing population should focus on increasing leisure time physical activity and regular risk assessment of cardiovascular events. A mixed methods approach, such as feedback enhanced by health coaching, effectively achieves long-term physical activity changes in nurses.
Immunoassay-based quantification of full-length peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase in human plasma
Authors: Ilina Yulia , Kaufmann Paul , Melander Olle , Press Michaela , Thuene Katrin , Bergmann Andreas
Published: May 2023

A one-step sandwich chemiluminescence immunometric assay (LIA) was developed for a quantification of bifunctional peptidylglycine-α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) in human plasma (PAM-LIA). PAM is responsible for the activation of more than half of known peptide hormones through C-terminal α-amidation. The assay employed antibodies targeting specific catalytic PAM-subunits, peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM) and peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase (PAL), to ensure detection of full-length PAM. The PAM-LIA assay was calibrated with a human recombinant PAM enzyme and achieved a detection limit of 189 pg/mL and a quantification limit of 250 pg/mL. The assay demonstrated good inter-assay (6.7%) and intra-assay (2.2%) variabilities. It exhibited linearity when accessed by gradual dilution or random mixing of plasma samples. The accuracy of the PAM-LIA was determined to be 94.7% through spiking recovery experiments, and the signal recovery after substance interference was 94–96%. The analyte showed 96% stability after six freeze-thaw cycles. The assay showed strong correlation with matched EDTA and serum samples, as well as matched EDTA and Li-Heparin samples. Additionally, a high correlation was observed between α-amidating activity and PAM-LIA. Finally, the PAM-LIA assay was successfully applied to a sub-cohort of a Swedish population-based study, comprising 4850 individuals, confirming its suitability for routine high throughput screening.
First Demonstration of In-Memory Computing Crossbar using Multi-level Cell FeFET
Authors: Soliman Taha , Chatterjee Swetaki , Laleni Nellie , Müller Franz , Kirchner Tobias , Wehn Norbert , Kämpfe Thomas , Chauhan Yogesh Singh , Amrouch Hussam
Published: May 2023

Advancements in AI led to the emergence of in-memory-computing architectures as a promising solution for the associated computing and memory challenges. This study introduces a novel in-memory-computing (IMC) crossbar macro utilizing a multi-level FeFET cell for multi-bit multiply and accumulate (MAC) operations. The proposed 1FeFET-1R cell design stores multi-bit information while minimizing device variabil21 ity effects on accuracy. Experimental validation was performed using 28 nm HKMG technology-based ferroelectric field-effect transistor (FeFET) devices. Unlike tradi23 tional resistive memory-based analog computing, our approach leverages the electrical characteristics of stored data within the memory cell to derive MAC operation results encoded in activation time and accumulated current. Remarkably, our design achieves 96.6%accuracy for handwriting recognition and 91.5%accuracy for image classification without extra training. Furthermore, it demonstrates exceptional performance, achiev28 ing 885.4 TOPS/W–nearly double that of existing designs. This study represents the first successful implementation of an in-memory macro using a multi-state FeFET cell for complete MAC operations, preserving crossbar density without additional struc31 tural overhead.
BAG3 as a novel prognostic biomarker in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma correlating with immune infiltrates
Authors: Gong Binghao , Huang Yuan , Wang Zhenting , Wan Bangbei , Zeng Yaohui , Lv Cai
Published: May 2023

Purpose BCL-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is an anti-apoptotic protein that plays an essential role in the onset and progression of multiple cancer types. However, the clinical significance of BAG3 in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) remains unclear.Methods Using Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we explored the expression, prognostic value, and clinical correlations of BAG3 in KIRC. In addition, Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of HKH cohort further validated the expression of BAG3 in KIRC and its impact on prognosis. Gene Set Cancer Analysis (GSCA) was utilized to scrutinize the prognostic value of BAG3 methylation. Gene ontology (GO) term analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to identify potential biological functions of BAG3 in KIRC. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was performed to confirm the correlation between BAG3 expression and immune cell infiltration.Results BAG3 mRNA expression and protein expression were significantly downregulated in KIRC tissues compared to normal kidney tissues, associated with adverse clinical-pathological factors and poor clinical prognosis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that low expression of BAG3 was an independent prognostic factor in KIRC patients. GSEA analysis showed that BAG3 is mainly involved in DNA methylation and the immune-related pathways in KIRC. In addition, the expression of BAG3 is closely related to immune cell infiltration and immune cell marker set.Conclusion BAG3 might be a potential therapeutic target and valuable prognostic biomarker of KIRC and is closely related to immune cell infiltration.
A recessive LRR-RLK gene causes hybrid breakdown in cotton
Authors: Xu Peng , Xu Jianwen , Guo Qi , Xu Zhenzhen , Ji Wei , Yu Huan , Cai Jihong , Zhao Liang , Zhao Jun , Liu Jianguang , Chen Xianglong , Shen Xinlian
Published: May 2023

Key message An LRR-RLK gene causing interspecific hybrid breakdown between Gossypium. anomalum and G. hirsutum was identified by deploying a map-based cloning strategy.
The self-destructing symptoms of hybrid incompatibility in most cases are attributed to autoimmunity. The cloning of genes responsible for hybrid incompatibility in cotton is helpful to clarify the mechanisms underlying hybrid incompatibility and can break the barriers in distant hybridization. In this study, a temperature-dependent lethality was identified in CSSL11-9 (chromosome segment substitution line) with Gossypium anomalum chromosome segment on chromosome A11. Transcriptome analysis showed the differentially expressed genes related to autoimmune responses were highly enriched, suggesting that expression of CSSL11-9 plant lethal gene activated autoimmunity in the absence of any pathogen or external stimulus, inducing programmed cell death (PCD) and causing a lethal phenotype. The lethal phenotype was controlled by a pair of recessive genes, and then fine mapped between JAAS3191-JAAS3050 interval, which covered 63.87 kb in G. hirsutum genome and 98.66 kb in G. anomalum. We demonstrated that an LRR-RLK gene designated as hybrid breakdown 1 (GoanoHBD1) was the causal gene underlying this locus for interspecific hybrid incompatibility between G. anomalum and G. hirsutum. Silencing this LRR-RLK gene could restore CSSL11-9 plants from a lethal to a normal phenotype. Our findings provide new insights into reproductive isolation and may benefit cotton breeding.
Identification and Validation of Metabolism-Related Genes in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lian Piaopiao , Cai Xing , Wang Cailin , Liu Ke , Yang Xiaoman , Wu Yi , Zhang Zhaoyuan , Ma Zhuoran , Cao Xuebing , Xu Yan
Published: May 2023

Background：Due to its heterogeneity, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) are not yet fully elucidated. Emerging evidence has demonstrated the critical role of metabolism in the pathophysiology of AD. This study explored the metabolism-related signature genes of AD and precisely identified AD molecular subclasses.
Methods: The AD datasets were obtained from the NCBI GEO, and metabolism-relevant genes were downloaded from a previously published compilation. Consensus clustering was utilized to identify AD subclasses. We evaluated the clinic characteristics, correlations with metabolic signatures and immune infiltration of the AD subclasses. Feature genes were screened by WGCNA and processed for GO and KEGG pathway analysis. Furthermore, we used three machine learning algorithms to further narrow down the selection of feature genes. Finally, we identified the diagnostic value and expression of feature genes using dataset and RT-PCR analysis.
Results: Three subclasses of AD were identified and designated as MCA, MCB, and MCC. MCA had high AD progression signatures and maybe a high-risk subgroup compared to the other two groups. MCA displayed high glycolysis, fructose and galactose metabolism, whereas citrate cycle and pyruvate metabolism were decreased, associating with high immune infiltration. Conversely, MCB is chiefly involved in the citrate cycle and exhibits elevated expression of immune checkpoint genes. Through WGCNA, a set of 101 metabolic genes were discovered to having the strongest association with the poor progression of AD. Ultimately, the application of machine learning algorithms enabled us to successfully pinpoint eight feature genes. Employing the nomogram based on the eight feature genes translates to distinct clinical benefits for the patients. As indicated by the datasets and RT-PCR analysis, these eight distinctive genes are intimately linked to the advancement of the AD.
Conclusion: Metabolic dysfunction is correlated with AD. Hypothetical molecular subclasses based on metabolic genes may provide new insights for individualized therapy of AD. The metabolic feature genes most robust correlation with the advancement of AD were GFAP, CYB5R3, DARS, KIAA0513, EZR, KCNC1, COLEC12 and TST.
Maternal and neonatal complications in pregnancy with COVID-19: a systematic review
Authors: Ibrahim Wisam Nabil , Al-Baker Fawziya , Awwad Sara , Abdallah Saja A , Al-Mazroea Abdulhadi H , Abdallah Atiyeh M , Al-Haidose Amal
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on global health, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Pregnancy can weaken the maternal immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and increase the risk of severe adverse outcomes for both mother and fetus or newborn. Despite the well-known effects of viruses on pregnancy and the potential association with congenital anomalies, the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy is still not fully understood. Here we systematically gathered and analyzed data from studies reporting the effects of maternal COVID-19 infection on mothers and their newborns. Through a comprehensive search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases, 20 relevant studies were identified. Our analysis revealed that pregnant women with COVID-19 are at higher risk of morbidity and mortality and are more likely to require admission to the intensive care unit. Their newborns are also at increased risk of premature birth, low birth weight, and admission to neonatal intensive care unit. Our findings highlight the vulnerability of pregnant women and their newborns to COVID-19 complications and underscore the need for further research to better understand modes of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 transmission and the potential for congenital anomalies in early pregnancy infections.
Glucocorticoid-sparing effect of mepolizumab for severe eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a retrospective single-center observational study
Authors: Abe Yoshiyuki , Kogami Masahiro , Ando Taiki , Makiyama Ayako , Asanuma Yuko , Yamaji Ken , Tamura Naoto
Published: May 2023

Background
This study evaluated the glucocorticoid (GC)-sparing effect of mepolizumab (MEP) in severe eosinophilic granulomatous polyangiitis (EGPA).
Methods
Participants were patients diagnosed with EGPA according to Watts’ algorithm and who underwent outpatient care at Juntendo Hospital between November 2017 and January 2023. This longitudinal, observational study consisted of a retrospective analysis of medical records.
Results
Thirty-five patients were analyzed. The reasons for receiving MEP, by numbers of patients, were as follows: eosinophilia, 3; neuropathy exacerbation, 3; persistent neuropathy, 3; GC-sparing effect, 3; asthma exacerbation, 2; and skin ulcer exacerbation, 1. Compared with the MEP (−) group, the MEP (+) group had higher rates of remission and concomitant azathioprine treatment, and lower peripheral blood eosinophil count and GC dosage at last observation. The median GC dose after MEP was 2.8 (0.0–4.3) mg/day as prednisolone equivalent dose less than before.
Conclusions
The addition of MEP may be considered for patients with severe EGPA, with or without the use of azathioprine.