bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with extranodal natural killer/T‐Cell lymphoma, nasal type: A French study from the Société Francophone de Greffe de Moelle et de Thérapie Cellulaire (SFGM‐TC)
Authors: Philippe Walter Laure , Couronné Lucile , Jais Jean‐Philippe , Nguyen Phong‐Dinh , Blaise Didier , Pigneux Arnaud , Socié Gérard , Thieblemont Catherine , Bachy Emmanuel , Fegueux Nathalie , Chevallier Patrice , Mohty Mohamad , Yakoub‐Agha Ibrahim , Peffault de Latour Regis , Jaccard Arnaud , Hermine Olivier ,   for the Société Française de Greffe de Moelle et de Thérapie Cellulaire (SFGM‐TC)
Published: April 2021

We evaluated the outcome of 65 French patients with Extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) (19 allogeneic and 46 autologous). Fifty‐four patients (83%), most of which receiving L‐asparaginase (L‐aspa) containing regimens (81%), achieved complete or partial response at time of HCST. After a median follow‐up of 79.9 months, 4‐years progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were similar in both autologous and allogeneic groups (PFS: 34% vs. 26%, p = .12 and OS: 52% vs. 53%, p = .74). Response status at HSCT was the major independent prognostic factor on survival (OS: HR: 4.013 [1.137; 14.16], p = .031 and PFS: HR: 5.231 [1.625; 16.838], p = .006). As compared to control patients receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy containing regimens only, upfront HSCT did not improve the outcome of responder patients, including those treated by L‐aspa. However, it tends to provide survival benefit for relapsed patients with initial high‐risk clinical features who achieved second remission. Whereas the place of HSCT in upfront therapy has still to be clarified, these data confirm that HSCT should be considered for consolidation in selected patients with relapsed ENKTL. Based on a large non Asian ENKTL cohort since the L‐aspa era, this study provides some insight into the survival patterns of ENKTL patients with HSCT in the Western hemisphere and may give future direction for the next clinical trial design.
Sequence of proteome profiles in preclinical and symptomatic Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Li Xiaohang , Tsolis Konstantinos C. , Koper Marta J. , Ronisz Alicja , Ospitalieri Simona , von Arnim Christine A.F. , Vandenberghe Rik , Tousseyn Thomas , Scheuerle Angelika , Economou Anastassios , Carpentier Sebastien , Otto Markus , Thal Dietmar Rudolf
Published: April 2021

Proteome profile changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains have been reported. However, it is unclear whether they represent a continuous process, or whether there is a sequential involvement of distinct proteins. To address this question, we used mass spectrometry. We analyzed soluble, dispersible, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and formic acid fractions of neocortex homogenates (mainly Brodmann area 17‐19) from 18 pathologically diagnosed preclinical AD, 17 symptomatic AD, and 18 cases without signs of neurodegeneration. By doing so, we identified four groups of AD‐related proteins being changed in levels in preclinical and symptomatic AD cases: early‐responding, late‐responding, gradually‐changing, and fraction‐shifting proteins. Gene ontology analysis of these proteins and all known AD‐risk/causative genes identified vesicle endocytosis and the secretory pathway‐related processes as an early‐involved AD component. In conclusion, our findings suggest that subtle changes involving the secretory pathway and endocytosis precede severe proteome changes in symptomatic AD as part of the preclinical phase of AD. The respective early‐responding proteins may also contribute to synaptic vesicle cycle alterations in symptomatic AD.
Peripartum management of a parturient with Klippel‐Trénaunay syndrome
Authors: Moxon H. M. , Kennedy H. S.
Published: April 2021

Klippel‐Trénaunay syndrome is a rare congenital disorder affecting the vascular and lymphatic systems. The clinical presentation can vary widely, but the syndrome is broadly characterised by capillary, venous and lymphatic malformations as well as limb hypertrophy. We present the case of a 35‐year‐old parturient who underwent an emergency caesarean section for suspected fetal distress, and describe the anaesthetic management during the peripartum period. Only a small number of similar cases have been described, and the multisystem nature of the condition presents several challenges to both the obstetric and anaesthetic management. The major points of concern to the anaesthetist are haematological, with a tendency to both abnormal bleeding and clotting disorders, compounded by vascular malformations which may present anywhere in the body including the epidural space and airway. Other considerations relate to limb hypertrophy and spinal abnormalities, as well as pulmonary and ocular sequelae and chronic pain. Strategies for safe patient management include early multidisciplinary involvement, and assessment of the presence and extent of any vascular anomalies with advanced imaging techniques. The risk of significant blood loss can be mitigated with antifibrinolytic and uterotonic medication as well as cell salvage, with treatment carefully balanced against the concurrent risk of thrombosis.
Green synthesis of NiONPs using Trigonella subenervis extract and its applications as a highly efficient electrochemical sensor, catalyst, and antibacterial agent
Authors: Mahdavi Behnam , Paydarfard Sogand , Rezaei‐Seresht Esmail , Baghayeri Mehdi , Nodehi Marzieh
Published: April 2021

In recent years, the biosynthesized of metallic nanoparticles has been rapidly growing due to their environmentally synthesis and widespread applications in science and industry. In this study, we have reported the green synthesis of NiONPs using an aqueous extract of Trigonella subenervis (NiONPs@TS). The nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). To find various applications for NiONPs@TS, the nanoparticles (NPs) were used as a catalyst for synthesizing some benzimidazole derivatives. The electrochemical behavior and antibacterial activity of NiONPs@TS were also evaluated. FE‐SEM images exhibited a uniform spherical morphology in size of 28.21 nm for the biosynthesized nanoparticles. According to the XRD analysis, 26.43 nm was measured for NiONPs@TS crystal size. Benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized using NiONPs@TS as the catalyst with a yield of 69–92%. NiONPs@TS showed a significant electrocatalytic activity to glucose oxidation. The linear response range and detection limit were found to be 10–200 and 3.2 μM, respectively. Furthermore, NiONPs@TS exhibited an acceptable antibacterial activity in various assays, including well diffusion, disk diffusion, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The best antibacterial activity was obtained against Bacillus subtilis with MIC of 4.0 ± 0.0 μg/ml and MBC of 6.7 ± 2.3 μg/ml. The obtained results showed the ability of NiONPs@TS in different fields such as catalytic, electrochemical sensing, and antibacterial activity, which can be contributed to the presence of biomolecules in T. subenervis extract.
Synergistic improvement of mechanical and thermal properties in epoxy composites via polyimide microspheres
Authors: Xu Xiaoqing , Hu Dechao , Ma Wenshi
Published: April 2021

Achieving synergetic improvements of mechanical strength, toughness, and thermal stability of epoxy resin has been a crucial but very challenging issue. Herein, to explore a new solution for circumventing this issue, polyimide microspheres were successfully prepared through the inverse nonaqueous emulsion process, and the structure, size distribution and morphologies of polyimide (PI) microspheres were comprehensively investigated. Then the PI microspheres were incorporated in epoxy resin matrix to systematically investigate the mechanical and thermal properties of obtained epoxy/PI microspheres composites. It was found that the PI microspheres can not only enhance the mechanical strength of epoxy resin, but also significantly improve the toughness. Specially, the epoxy‐based composites containing 3 wt% PI microspheres exhibit a 47% increase in tensile strength, while theGICand Charpy impact strength increase by 106% and 200%, respectively. The toughing mechanism of epoxy/PI microspheres composites was discussed. Moreover, the PI microspheres can also endow the epoxy resin with excellent thermal stability and heat resistance. Thus, this work may open a new opportunity to synergistically enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy‐based composites and may also give some valuable inspiration for the rational design of other high‐performance thermosetting composites.
Performance tuning of glass fiber/epoxy composites through interfacial modification upon integrating with dendrimer functionalized graphene oxide
Authors: Jamshaid Fahd , Khan Rafi Ullah , Islam Atif
Published: April 2021

In this study, glass fiber/epoxy composites were interfacially tailored by introducing polyamidoamine (PAM) dendrimer functionalized graphene oxide (GO) into epoxy matrix. Two different composites each containing varying loading fraction (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt%) of GO and GO‐PAM were fabricated via hot press processing. Composites were evaluated for interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), dynamic mechanical properties and thermal conductivity. The inclusion of 1.5 wt% GO‐PAM resulted ~57.3%, ~42.7%, and ~54% enhancement in ILSS, storage modulus and thermal conductivity, respectively. Almost, ~71% reduction in coefficient of thermal expansion was also observed at same GO‐PAM loading. Moreover, higher glass transition temperature was observed with GO‐PAM addition. GO‐PAM substantially improved fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion, which was witnessed through scanning electron microscopy. The enhanced thermo‐mechanical performance was attributed to interfacial covalent interactions engendered by ring opening reaction between epoxy and amine moieties of PAM dendrimers. These multiscale composites with extraordinary functional properties can outperform conventional counterparts with improved reliability and performance.
Transcriptome profiling of human pluripotent stem cell‐derived cerebellar organoids reveals faster commitment under dynamic conditions
Authors: Silva Teresa P. , Sousa‐Luís Rui , Fernandes Tiago G. , Bekman Evguenia P. , Rodrigues Carlos A. V. , Vaz Sandra H. , Moreira Leonilde M. , Hashimura Yas , Jung Sunghoon , Lee Brian , Carmo‐Fonseca Maria , Cabral Joaquim M. S.
Published: April 2021

Human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have great potential for disease modeling. However, generating iPSC‐derived models to study brain diseases remains a challenge. In particular, the ability to recapitulate cerebellar development in vitro is still limited. We presented a reproducible and scalable production of cerebellar organoids by using the novel single‐use Vertical‐Wheel bioreactors, in which functional cerebellar neurons were obtained. Here, we evaluate the global gene expression profiles by RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) across cerebellar differentiation, demonstrating a faster cerebellar commitment in this novel dynamic differentiation protocol. Furthermore, transcriptomic profiles suggest a significant enrichment of extracellular matrix (ECM) in dynamic‐derived cerebellar organoids, which can better mimic the neural microenvironment and support a consistent neuronal network. Thus, an efficient generation of organoids with cerebellar identity was achieved for the first time in a continuous process using a dynamic system without the need of organoids encapsulation in ECM‐based hydrogels, allowing the possibility of large‐scale production and application in high‐throughput processes. The presence of factors that favors angiogenesis onset was also detected in dynamic conditions, which can enhance functional maturation of cerebellar organoids. We anticipate that large‐scale production of cerebellar organoids may help developing models for drug screening, toxicological tests, and studying pathological pathways involved in cerebellar degeneration.
A Novel D‐A‐D Photosensitizer for Efficient NIR Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Liu Yuhan , Chen MiaoMiao , Zhao Yanliang , Lv Shibo , Zheng Daoyuan , Liu Dapeng , Song Fengling
Published: April 2021

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted great interest in cancer theranostics owing to its minimal invasiveness and low side effect. In PDT, photosensitizers are indispensable components that generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Tremendous efforts have been devoted to optimizing the photosensitizer with enhanced ROS efficiency. However, to improve the precision and controllability for PDT, developing NIR imaging‐guided photosensitizers are still urgent and challenging. Here, we have designed a novel photosensitizer 2Cz‐BTZ which integrated with intense NIR emission and photoinduced singlet oxygen 1O2 generation capabilities. Moreover, after loading the photosensitizers 2Cz‐BTZ into biocompatible amphiphilic polymers F127, the formed 2Cz‐BTZ@F127 nanoparticles (NPs) exhibited good photoinduced therapy as well as long‐term in vivo imaging capabilities. Under these merits, the 2Cz‐BTZ@F127 NPs showed NIR imaging‐guided PDT, which paves a promising way for spatiotemporally precise tumor theranostics.
Saccharified Uranyl Ions: Self‐Assembly of UO22+ into Trinuclear Anionic Complexes by the Coordination of Glucosamine‐Derived Schiff Bases
Authors: Schaper Gerrit , Wenzel Marco , Hennersdorf Felix , Lindoy Leonard F. , Weigand Jan J.
Published: April 2021

The reaction of UO2(OAc)2 ⋅ 2H2O with the biologically inspired ligand 2‐salicylidene glucosamine (H2L1) results in the formation of the anionic trinuclear uranyl complex [(UO2)3(μ3‐O)(L1)3]2− (12−), which was isolated in good yield as its Cs‐salt, [Cs]21. Recrystallization of [Cs]21 in the presence of 18‐crown‐6 led to formation of a neutral ion pair of type [M(18‐crown‐6)]21, which was also obtained for the alkali metal ions Rb+ and K+ (M=Cs, Rb, K). The related ligand, 2‐(2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthylidene) glucosamine (H2L2) in a similar procedure with Cs+ gave the corresponding complex [Cs(18‐crown‐6)]2[(UO2)3(μ3‐O)(L2)3 ([Cs(18‐crown‐6)]22). From X‐ray investigations, the [(UO2)3O(Ln)3]2− anion (n=1, 2) in each complex is a discrete trinuclear uranyl species that coordinates to the alkali metal ion via three uranyl oxygen atoms. The coordination behavior of H2L1 and H2L2 towards UO22+ was investigated by NMR, UV/Vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, revealing the in situ formation of the 12− and 22−dianions in solution.
Applying Unconventional Spectroscopies to the Single‐Molecule Magnets, Co(PPh3)2X2(X=Cl, Br, I): Unveiling Magnetic Transitions and Spin‐Phonon Coupling
Authors: Bone Alexandria N. , Widener Chelsea N. , Moseley Duncan H. , Liu Zhiming , Lu Zhengguang , Cheng Yongqiang , Daemen Luke L. , Ozerov Mykhaylo , Telser Joshua , Thirunavukkuarasu Komalavalli , Smirnov Dmitry , Greer Samuel M. , Hill Stephen , Krzystek J. , Holldack Karsten , Aliabadi Azar , Schnegg Alexander , Dunbar Kim R. , Xue Zi‐Ling
Published: April 2021

Large separation of magnetic levels and slow relaxation in metal complexes are desirable properties of single‐molecule magnets (SMMs). Spin‐phonon coupling (interactions of magnetic levels with phonons) is ubiquitous, leading to magnetic relaxation and loss of memory in SMMs and quantum coherence in qubits. Direct observation of magnetic transitions and spin‐phonon coupling in molecules is challenging. We have found that far‐IR magnetic spectra (FIRMS) of Co(PPh3)2X2(Co‐X; X=Cl, Br, I) reveal rarely observed spin‐phonon coupling as avoided crossings between magnetic andu‐symmetry phonon transitions. Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) gives phonon spectra. Calculations using VASP and phonopy programs gave phonon symmetries and movies. Magnetic transitions among zero‐field split (ZFS) levels of theS=3/2 electronic ground state were probed by INS, high‐frequency and ‐field EPR (HFEPR), FIRMS, and frequency‐domain FT terahertz EPR (FD‐FT THz‐EPR), giving magnetic excitation spectra and determining ZFS parameters (D, E) andgvalues. Ligand‐field theory (LFT) was used to analyze earlier electronic absorption spectra and give calculated ZFS parameters matching those from the experiments. DFT calculations also gave spin densities inCo‐X, showing that the larger Co(II) spin density in a molecule, the larger its ZFS magnitude. The current work reveals dynamics of magnetic and phonon excitations in SMMs. Studies of such couplings in the future would help to understand how spin‐phonon coupling may lead to magnetic relaxation and develop guidance to control such coupling.
Organophotocatalytic Aerobic Oxygenation of Phenols in a Visible‐Light Continuous‐Flow Photoreactor
Authors: Wellauer Joël , Miladinov Dragan , Buchholz Thomas , Schütz Jan , Stemmler René T. , Medlock Jonathan A. , Bonrath Werner , Sparr Christof
Published: April 2021

A mild photocatalytic phenol oxygenation enabled by a continuous‐flow photoreactor using visible light and pressurized air is described herein. Products for wide‐ranging applications, including the synthesis of vitamins, were obtained in high yields by precisely controlling principal process parameters. The reactor design permits low organophotocatalyst loadings to generate singlet oxygen. It is anticipated that the efficient aerobic phenol oxygenation to benzoquinones and p‐quinols contributes to sustainable synthesis.
FRugally Optimized DNA Octomer (FRODO) qPCR Measurement of HIV and SIV in Human and Nonhuman Primate Samples
Authors: Langner Charlotte A. , Brenchley Jason M.
Published: April 2021

Quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qPCRs) are commonly employed to enumerate genes of interest among particular biological samples. Insertion of PCR amplicons into plasmid DNA is a mainstay for creation of known quantities of target sequences to standardize qPCRs. Typically, one amplicon is inserted into one plasmid construct, and the plasmid is then amplified, purified, serially diluted, and quantified to be used to enumerate target sequences in unknown samples. As qPCR is often used to detect multiple amplicons simultaneously, individual qPCR standards are often desired to normalize one to another. Here we report a single plasmid containing eight amplicons, which can be used to quantify several different strains of simian immunodeficiency virus and human immunodeficiency virus, cell number equivalents for humans and nonhuman primates, T cell receptor excision circles, and bacterial 16S DNA. This FRugally Optimized DNA Octomer (FRODO) plasmid was created and standardized to quantify all eight PCR amplicons. © 2021 US Government.

Basic Protocol 1: Total genomic DNA extraction from primary cells

Basic Protocol 2: Quantitative PCR for viral, bacterial, and cell number equivalents

Support Protocol: Purification, quantification, and storage of FRODO standard plasmid DNA
In Vivo and Ex Vivo Patient‐Derived Tumor Xenograft Models of Lymphoma for Drug Discovery
Authors: Cacciapuoti Maria Teresa , Cappelli Luca Vincenzo , Fiore Danilo , Toruno Pedro , Kayembe Clarisse , Tam Wayne , Inghirami Giorgio
Published: April 2021

In the hemato‐oncology field, remarkable scientific progress has been achieved, primarily propelled by the discovery of new technologies, improvement in genomics, and novel in vitro and in vivo models. The establishment of multiple cell line collections and the development of instrumental mouse models enhanced our ability to discover effective therapeutics. However, cancer models that faithfully mimic individual cancers are still imperfect. Patient‐derived tumor xenografts (PDTXs) have emerged as a powerful tool for identifying the mechanisms which drive tumorigenesis and for testing potential therapeutic interventions. The recognition that PDTXs can maintain many of the donor samples’ properties enabled the development of new strategies for discovering and implementing therapies. Described in this article are protocols for the generation and characterization of lymphoma PDTXs that may be used as the basis of shared procedures. Universal protocols will foster the model utilization, enable the integration of public and private repositories, and aid in the development of shared platforms. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Tissue handling and cryopreservation of primary and PDTX samples

Basic Protocol 2: Performing tumor implant in immunocompromised mice PDTX models

Alternate Protocol 1: Intra‐medullary femoral injection

Alternate Protocol 2: Intravenous injection

Alternate Protocol 3: Intraperitoneal injection

Support Protocol 1: Phenotypical characterization of PDTXs by flow cytometry

Support Protocol 2: Biological and molecular characterization of PDTX tumors by PCR detection of IGK, IGH, and TCR rearrangements

Basic Protocol 3: Harvesting PDTX‐derived tumor cells for ex vivo experiments

Basic Protocol 4: In vivo testing of multiple compounds in a PDTX mouse model
Enhancing intergroup dialogues through art and art therapy
Authors: Potash Jordan S. , Gyimah‐Boadi Alberta
Published: April 2021

Intergroup dialogue contributes to community development by providing structured and facilitated opportunities for narrative engagement and perspective taking that can foster social change. Both art and art therapy can be infused within intergroup dialogue to harness imagination and creativity in order to heighten reflection and promote emotional connections. An art therapy‐informed model enhanced self‐awareness, storytelling, and interpersonal interactions by helping participants discuss direct encounters of difference as well as specific events and people.
Incorporating abiotic controls on animal movements in metacommunities
Authors: McLeod Anne M. , Leroux Shawn J.
Published: April 2021

Local dynamics are influenced by regional processes. Meta‐ecology, or the study of spatial flows of energy, materials, and species between local systems, is becoming increasingly concerned with accurate depictions of species movements and the impacts of this movement on landscape‐level ecosystem function. Indeed, incorporating diverse types of movement is a major frontier in metacommunity theory. Here, we synthesize literature to demonstrate that the movement of organisms between patches is governed by the interplay between both a species’ ability to move and the combined effects of landscape structure and physical flows (termed abiotic controls), which together we refer to as abiotic‐dependent species connectivity. For example, two lakes that share geographic proximity may be inaccessible for mobile fish species because they lack a river connecting them (landscape structure), but wind currents may disperse insects between them (physical flows). Empirical evidence suggests that abiotic controls, such as ocean currents, lead to abiotic‐dependent species connectivity and that, in nature, this type of connectivity is the rule rather than the exception. Based on this empirical evidence, we introduce a novel mathematical framework to demonstrate how species movement capabilities and abiotic conditions, can interact to influence metacommunity stability. We apply this framework to predict how incorporating abiotic‐dependent species connectivity applies to classic empirical examples of aquatic, aquatic‐terrestrial, and terrestrial experimental metacommunities. We demonstrate that incorporating abiotic‐dependent species connectivity into metacommunity models can lead to a much broader range of dynamics than models previously predicted, including a wider range of metacommunity stability. Our framework fills critical gaps in our basic understanding of organismal movement across landscapes and provides testable predictions for how such common natural phenomena impact landscape‐level ecosystem function. Finally, we present future perspectives for further development of meta‐ecological theory from questions about fragmentation to ecosystems. Anthropogenic change is not only leading to habitat loss from the damming of rivers to denuding the landscape, but altering the physical flows that have historically connected communities. Thus, recognizing the importance of these processes in tandem with species’ movement abilities is critical for predicting and preserving the structure and function of ecological communities.
Rational Design of High‐Performance Bilayer Solar Evaporator by Using Waste Polyester‐Derived Porous Carbon‐Coated Wood
Authors: Liu Ning , Hao Liang , Zhang Boyi , Niu Ran , Gong Jiang , Tang Tao
Published: April 2021

Wood‐based bilayer solar evaporators, which possess cooperative advantages of natural wood and photothermal conversion coating including fast water transportation, low heat conduction, renewability, and high light absorbability, hold great promise for water purification. However, previous studies suffer from low evaporation rates and high cost of coatings, and lack a deep understanding how the porous structures of coating layer function. Herein, a novel bilayer solar evaporator is designed through facile surface coating of wood by low‐cost porous carbon from controlled carbonization of polyester waste. The porous carbon bears rich oxygen‐containing groups, well‐controlled micro‐/meso‐/macropores, and high surface areas (1164 m2 g−1). It is proved that porous carbon improves sunlight absorption and promotes the formation of numerous water clusters to reduce water evaporation enthalpy. Owing to these combined features, the bilayer solar evaporator exhibits high evaporation rate (2.38 kg m−2 h−1), excellent long‐term stability, and good salt resistance. More importantly, a large‐scale solar desalination device for outdoor experiments is developed to produce freshwater from seawater. The daily freshwater production amount (3.65 kg m−2) per unit area meets the daily water consumption requirement of one adult. These findings will inspire new paradigms toward developing efficient solar steaming technologies for desalination to address global freshwater shortage.
Peptidylprolyl isomerase C (Ppic) regulates invariant Natural Killer T cell (iNKT) differentiation in mice
Authors: Paiva Ricardo S. , Ramos Camila V. , Azenha Sara R. , Alves Carolina , Basto Afonso P. , Graca Luis , Martins Vera C.
Published: April 2021

Peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerase C (Ppic) is expressed in several bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic progenitors and in T‐cell precursors. Since the expression profile of Ppic in the hematoimmune system was suggestive that it could play a role in hematopoiesis and/or T lymphocyte differentiation, we sought to test that hypothesis in vivo. Specifically, we generated a Ppic‐deficient mouse model by targeting the endogenous locus by CRISPR/Cas9 and tested the requirement of Ppic in hematopoiesis. Several immune cell lineages covering BM progenitors, lymphocyte precursors, as well as mature cells at the periphery were analyzed. While most lineages were unaffected, invariant NKT (iNKT) cells were reduced in percentage and absolute cell numbers in the Ppic‐deficient thymus. This affected the most mature stages in the thymus, S2 and S3, and the phenotype was maintained at the periphery. Additionally, immature transitional T1 and T2 B lymphocytes were increased in the Ppic‐deficient spleen, but the phenotype was lost in mature B lymphocytes. In sum, our data show that Ppic is dispensable for myeloid cells, platelets, erythrocytes, αβ, and γδ T lymphocytes in vivo in the steady state, while being involved in B‐ and iNKT cell differentiation.
Forging C−S(Se) Bonds by Nickel‐catalyzed Decarbonylation of Carboxylic Acid and Cleavage of Aryl Dichalcogenides
Authors: Zhou Jing‐Ya , Zhu Yong‐Ming
Published: April 2021

A nickel‐catalyzed decarbonylation of carboxylic acids cross‐coupling protocol has been developed for the straightforward C−S(Se) bond formation. This reaction is promoted by a commercially‐available, user‐friendly, inexpensive, air and moisture‐stable nickel precatalyst. Various carboxylic acids and a wide range of aryl dichalcogenide substrates were tolerated in this process which afforded products in good to excellent yields. In addition, the present reaction can be conducted on gram scale in good yield.
A power‐challenging theory of society, or a conservative mindset? Upward and downward conspiracy theories as ideologically distinct beliefs
Authors: Nera Kenzo , Wagner‐Egger Pascal , Bertin Paul , Douglas Karen M. , Klein Olivier
Published: April 2021

Even though conspiracy theories are diverse, they are typically construed as a homogeneous phenomenon. Using classic theorizations of conspiracy theories by Popper and Moscovici, we propose to distinguish between belief in upward conspiracy theories (i.e., targeting relatively powerful groups) and downward conspiracy theories (i.e., targeting relatively powerless groups). The former are theorized as power‐challenging beliefs and the latter are theorized as being underpinned by conservative ideology. Across three studies conducted in Belgium (totalN = 2363), we show that these two types of conspiracy beliefs indeed relate differently to power‐challenging attitudes (i.e., political extremism, feelings of leadership breakdown) and conservative ideology. Specifically, upward conspiracy beliefs were characterized by a U‐shaped relationship with political orientation (i.e., an “extremism” bias), and a strong relationship with feelings of leadership breakdown. By contrast, downward conspiracy beliefs were strongly associated with conservative ideology. Both types of conspiracy beliefs were, however, positively correlated.
Electrochemical Oxidation Behavior of Nitrogen Dioxide for Gas Detection Using Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes
Authors: Triana Yunita , Irkham  , Einaga Yasuaki
Published: April 2021

The electrochemical oxidation reaction of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) using boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes is presented. Cyclic voltammetry of NO2 in a 0.1 M KClO4 solution exhibits oxidation peaks at +1.1 V and +1.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) which are attributable to oxidation of HONO and NO2−, respectively. Moreover, the pH and scan rate dependences were investigated to study the oxidation mechanism. A linear calibration curve was observed in the concentration range of ∼1 to 5 mM (R2=0.99) with a detection limit of 11.1 ppb (S/B=3) for HONO and 58.6 ppb (S/B=3) for NO2−. In addition, the analytical performance was compared with those using glassy carbon, platinum and stainless steel as the working electrode.
Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous sequence stratigraphy and allogenic controls in proximal terrestrial environments (Southern Junggar Basin, NW China)
Authors: Guan Xutong , Wu Chaodong , Zhou Tianqi , Tang Xueying , Ma Jian , Fang Yanan
Published: April 2021

The terrestrial sequence stratigraphy in proximal terrestrial environments is different from its counterpart in distal terrestrial and marine environments. The Southern Junggar Basin in NW China has preserved well‐exposed proximal terrestrial outcrops and its Jurassic–Cretaceous sequence boundary remains contentious. The goal of this paper is to (a) establish a model of allogenic‐controlling mechanisms of a proximal terrestrial sequence, (b) investigate the Jurassic–Cretaceous sequence boundary, (c) the Jurassic climate, and (d) tectonic movements in Central Asia. The sequence stratigraphic framework was established assisted by the determination of the accommodation space/sediment supply (A/S) ratio, including two second‐order sequences (SS) and six third‐order sequences (SQ) in the Jurassic, as well as a second‐order sequence in the Cretaceous. SS1 was mainly controlled by a warm and humid climate and lake level fluctuations in a weak extensional tectonic setting; SS2 was mainly controlled by an arid climate and compressional tectonic movements; SS3 was mainly controlled by a semi‐humid climate and lake transgression in a stable tectonic setting. Additionally, the Jurassic–Cretaceous sequence boundary was distinguished within the Kalazha Formation based on its sedimentary characteristics, sedimentary evolution, and different allogenic controls. It is concluded that the proximal terrestrial sequences exhibit rapid sedimentary facies change, thick coarse‐grained sediments, and multiple provenances. Climate, tectonic movements, and lake level fluctuation dominate in different stages of basin evolution. Moreover, the sediment supply is more emphasized, and the accommodation space/sediment supply ratio, which corresponds to different channel geometry types, plays a critical role in identifying system tracts and sequence stratigraphic surfaces.
Computational study on heat transfer and MHD‐electrified flow of fractional Maxwell nanofluids suspended with SWCNT and MWCNT
Authors: Babitha  , Madhura K. R. , Makinde O. D.
Published: April 2021

Recent developments in fluid dynamics have been focusing on nanofluids, which preserve significant thermal conductivity properties and magnify heat transport in fluids. Classical nanofluid studies are generally confined to models described by partial differential equations of an integer order, where the memory effect and hereditary properties of materials are neglected. To overcome these downsides, the present work focuses on studying nanofluids with fractional derivatives formed by differential equations with Caputo time derivatives that provide memory effect on nanofluid characteristics. Further, heat transfer enhancement and boundary layer flow of fractional Maxwell nanofluid with single‐wall and multiple walls carbon nanotubes are investigated. The Maxwell nanofluid saturates the porous medium. Also, buoyancy, magnetic, electric, and heating effects are considered. Governing continuity, momentum, and energy equations involving Caputo time‐fractional derivatives reduced nondimensional forms using suitable dimensionless quantities. Numerical solutions for arising nonlinear problems are developed using finite difference approximation combined with L1 algorithm. The influence of involved physical parameters on flow and heat transfer characteristics is analyzed and depicted graphically. Our simulations found out that surface drag of Maxwell nanofluid with single‐walled carbon nanotubes dominates nanofluids with multiple walls carbon nanotubes, but the reverse trend is noticed for larger Grashof number values.
Cumulative COVID‐19 incidence, mortality and prognosis in cancer survivors: A population‐based study in Reggio Emilia, Northern Italy
Authors: Mangone Lucia , Gioia Francesco , Mancuso Pamela , Bisceglia Isabella , Ottone Marta , Vicentini Massimo , Pinto Carmine , Giorgi Rossi Paolo
Published: April 2021

The aim of this population‐based study was to evaluate the impact of being a cancer survivor (CS) on COVID‐19 risk and prognosis during the first wave of the pandemic (27 February 2020 to 13 May 2020) in Reggio Emilia Province. Prevalent cancer cases diagnosed between 1996 and 2019 were linked with the provincial COVID‐19 surveillance system. We compared CS' cumulative incidence of being tested, testing positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), being hospitalized and dying of COVID‐19 with that of the general population; we compared COVID‐19 prognosis in CS and in patients without cancer. During the study period, 15 391 people (1527 CS) underwent real‐time polymerase chain reaction for SARS‐CoV‐2, of whom 4541 (447 CS) tested positive; 541 (113 CS) died of COVID‐19. CS had higher age‐ and sex‐adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) of testing (1.28 [95% confidence interval, CI = 1.21‐1.35]), of positive test (IRR 1.06 [95% CI = 0.96‐1.18]) and of hospitalization and death (IRR 1.27 [95% CI = 1.09‐1.48] and 1.39 [95%CI = 1.12‐1.71], respectively). CS had worse prognosis when diagnosed with COVID‐19, particularly those below age 70 (adjusted odds ratio [OR] of death 5.03; [95% CI = 2.59‐9.75]), while the OR decreased after age 70. The OR of death was higher for CS with a recent diagnosis, that is, <2 years (OR = 2.92; 95% CI = 1.64‐5.21), or metastases (OR = 2.09; 95% CI = 0.88‐4.93). CS showed the same probability of being infected, despite a slightly higher probability of being tested than the general population. Nevertheless, CS were at higher risk of death once infected.
A pairwise and network meta‐analysis comparing the efficacy and safety of progestogens in threatened abortion
Authors: Zhao Hongqiong , He Wei , Yang Zhu
Published: April 2021

Background

Progesterone is widely used to prevent threatened miscarriage.

Objective

To determine the efficacy and safety of progestogens in the treatment of threatened miscarriage.

Search strategy

PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKI, CBM, and WanFang databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from the date of inception of the database to August 2020. The search terms included “abortion, threatened,” “progesterone,” and “progestogens.”

Selection criteria

A network meta‐analysis was conducted of all the RCTs on threatened abortion so far to compare the efficacy and safety of different progestogens in the treatment of threatened abortion.

Data collection and analysis

Odds ratios for dichotomous data with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and the data were pooled using a random‐effects model. The surface under the cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) was calculated for efficacy and safety with different interventions.

Main results

A total of 59 RCTs with 10 424 participants were included. Oral dydrogesterone (DYD) had the lowest risk of miscarriage (SUCRA 100.0%), followed by vaginal progesterone (SUCRA 67.9%). Oral micronized progesterone had the highest risk of miscarriage (SUCRA 15.7%).

Conclusion

Oral DYD is effective in the treatment of threatened miscarriage. The results of the present study can help patients make informed decisions about treatment options for threatened miscarriage.
Maximal partial Room squares
Authors: Meszka Mariusz , Rosa Alexander
Published: April 2021

A partial Room square is maximal if no further pair of elements can be placed into any unoccupied cell without violating the conditions that define a partial Room square. This article is concerned with determining the spectrum of volumes of maximal partial Room squares of order where the volume is the number of occupied cells and the order is even.
Fipronil biodegradation and metabolization by Bacillus megaterium strain E1
Authors: do Prado Caio César Achiles , Pereira Rodrigo Matheus , Durrant Lucia Regina , Scorza Júnior Rômulo Penna , Bonfá Maricy Raquel Lindenbah
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Fipronil is a broad‐spectrum insecticide that is used extensively due to its effective action in pest control. However, environmental studies have shown it has high toxicity towards non‐target organisms as well. In addition, the degradation of fipronil can generate even more toxic and reactive metabolites in the environment. In the present study, bioprospecting for bacteria with the potential to degrade fipronil was performed using fipronil as the sole source of nitrogen and main source of carbon. From samples of corn culture soil with a history of fipronil application, isolation was performed using the microcosm enrichment method.

RESULTS

Bacteria were isolated using fipronil (0.6 g L−1) as the sole nitrogen source and main carbon source. After preliminary tests, isolate E1 was selected and, following sequencing of 16S rRNA, it was found that the isolate E1 was a bacterium of the Bacillaceae family, Bacillus megaterium species. Growth was evaluated by dry biomass and degradation quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Strain E1 presented a 94% degradation of fipronil, as well as 91% and 96% degradation of its metabolites fipronil‐sulfide and fipronil‐sulfone, respectively, in 14 days, reducing its initial concentration from 0.6 g L−1 to 0.036 mg L−1.

CONCLUSION

The results showed that bioprospecting of the E1 strain, isolated from soil, showed efficiency in the biodegradation process of fipronil. This strain is a potential candidate for use in bioremediation processes in areas contaminated with fipronil and for use in further studies on the elucidation of the metabolic pathways of fipronil degradation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Students’ perceptions and attitudes about digital dental technology is associated with their intention to use it
Authors: Sheba Moamen , Comnick Carissa , Elkerdani Tarek , Ashida Sato , Zeng Erliang , Marchini Leonardo
Published: April 2021

Purpose/Objectives

To investigate factors associated with predoctoral students’ intention to use dental technology in future practice using the theory of planned behavior.

Methods

A comprehensive survey was developed consisting of 29 questions grouped in three main domains: knowledge, perception, and suggestions. After students had completed their digital dentistry didactic courses in 2019, the University of Iowa‐College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics D2, D3, and D4 classes completed the survey. The D1 class was excluded because they had not finished their digital dentistry didactic courses. The survey data were tabulated for each class separately to compare trends among classes. Each response was analyzed individually before creating scores for the various subdomains. A linear regression analysis was used to create the final model for the outcome variable (intention to use technology).

Results

The response rate was 95% (n = 232). The mean age of participants was 25.7 years (SD = 2.7). There were significant differences between the classes in their knowledge (p < 0.0001), perceived quality of training (p < 0.0001), and all perceptions related to digital dentistry. Controlling for significant covariates among higher level students, there were significant associations between intention to use dental technology and greater knowledge scores (p = 0.05), attitude (p < 0.0001), subjective social norms (p = 0.02), and perceived control on the future use of technology (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Students may be motivated to use digital technology when they have good knowledge, feel that others are using it or endorsing its use, and perceive that they have control in their future practice.
Hypoglycemic attacks and growth failure are the most common manifestations of citrin deficiency after 1 year of age
Authors: Arai‐Ichinoi Natsuko , Kikuchi Atsuo , Wada Yoichi , Sakamoto Osamu , Kure Shigeo
Published: April 2021

Citrin deficiency develops in different symptomatic periods from the neonatal period to adulthood. Some infantile patients are diagnosed by newborn mass screening or symptoms of neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency, some patients in childhood may develop hepatopathy or dyslipidemia as failure to thrive and dyslipidemia caused by citrin deficiency, and some adults are diagnosed after developing adult‐onset type 2 citrullinemia (CTLN2) with hyperammonemia or encephalopathy. A diagnosis is needed before the development of severe phenotypic CTLN2 but is often difficult to obtain because newborn mass screening cannot detect all patients with citrin deficiency, and undiagnosed patients often appear healthy in childhood. There are only a few reports that have described patients in childhood. To explore the clinical features of undiagnosed patients with citrin deficiency in childhood, we studied 20 patients who were diagnosed after the first year of life. Of these patients, 45% experienced hypoglycemic attacks in childhood. The acetoacetic acid level during hypoglycemic attacks was lower than expected. Growth failure at diagnosis (45%) was also noted. From the patients' history, fat‐ and protein‐rich food preferences (80%), a low birth weight (70%), and prolonged jaundice or infantile hepatopathy (40%) were identified. To diagnose citrin deficiency in childhood, we should ask about food preferences and a history of infantile hepatopathy for all children with severe hypoglycemia or growth failure and consider the genetic test for citrin deficiency if the patient has characteristic food preferences or a history of infantile hepatopathy.
Estimating the reference interval from a fixed effects meta‐analysis
Authors: Cao Wenhao , Siegel Lianne , Zhou Jincheng , Zhu Motao , Tong Tiejun , Chen Yong , Chu Haitao
Published: April 2021

A reference interval provides a basis for physicians to determine whether a measurement is typical of a healthy individual. It can be interpreted as a prediction interval for a new individual from the overall population. However, a reference interval based on a single study may not be representative of the broader population. Meta‐analysis can provide a general reference interval based on the overall population by combining results from multiple studies. Methods for estimating the reference interval from a random effects meta‐analysis have been recently proposed to incorporate the within and between‐study variation, but a random effects model may give imprecise estimates of the between‐study variation with only few studies. In addition, the normal distribution of underlying study‐specific means, and equal within‐study variance assumption in these methods may be inappropriate in some settings. In this article, we aim to estimate the reference interval based on the fixed effects model assuming study effects are unrelated, which is useful for a meta‐analysis with only a few studies (e.g., ≤5). We propose a mixture distribution method only assuming parametric distributions (e.g., normal) for individuals within each study and integrating them to form the overall population distribution. This method is compared to an empirical method only assuming a parametric overall population distribution. Simulation studies have shown that both methods can estimate a reference interval with coverage close to the targeted value (i.e., 95%). Meta‐analyses of women daytime urination frequency and frontal subjective postural vertical measurements are reanalyzed to demonstrate the application of our methods.
Gas‐phase catalytic isomerization of n‐heptane using Pt/(CrOx/ZrO2)‐HMS catalysts: A kinetic modeling
Authors: Parsafard Nastaran , Garmroodi Ali , Mirzaei Shohreh
Published: April 2021

A systematic study has been conducted to optimize the process conditions and to evaluate the kinetic parameters for the isomerization reaction of n‐heptane on the novel platinum‐chromium/zirconium‐ hexagonal mesoporous silica (Pt/(CrOx/ZrO2)‐HMS) catalysts (PCZH). The kinetic experiments were performed in a fixed‐bed reactor at the reaction temperatures of 200–350°C, Cr/Zr molar ratio of 5–35, the n‐C7 flow rate of 2–4.5 cc h−1, and H2 flow rate of 20–45 cc min−1. The statistical analysis of all experimental data was carried out using analysis of variance to optimize the operating conditions for n‐heptane reactions. The results show that the incorporation of Cr into the Pt‐Zr‐HMS structure promotes the kinetic rate of the isomerization reaction. Sharp elevation from 0.08 to 0.3 mol g−1 s−1 in the isomerization kinetic rates can be observed in the PCZH(35) and a temperature of 350 °C, when the H2 flow rate increases from 20 to 45 cc min−1 at a constant flow rate of n‐C7 (4.5 cc h−1). The surface and contour plot verifies that the kinetic rate does not significantly vary with respect to studied temperatures and Cr/Zr ratio when the flow rate of isomerization feeds is considerably low. The experimental kinetic rate obtained on the optimum condition is in good agreement with the prediction of the response surface method. The kinetic model of Langmuir–Hinshelwood as well as a power‐law model was developed for this reaction. A reasonably good fit of the obtained data shows that the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model has a better performance to define the isomerization of the n‐heptane process.