bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep learning-based detection and segmentation of diffusion abnormalities in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Liu Chin-Fu , Hsu Johnny , Xu Xin , Ramachandran Sandhya , Wang Victor , Miller Michael I. , Hillis Argye E. , Faria Andreia V. ,   The STIR and VISTA Imaging investigators, Wintermark Max , Warach Steven J. , Albers Gregory W. , Davis Stephen M. , Grotta James C. , Hacke Werner , Kang Dong-Wha , Kidwell Chelsea , Koroshetz Walter J. , Lees Kennedy R. , Lev Michael H. , Liebeskind David S. , Sorensen A. Gregory , Thijs Vincent N. , Thomalla Götz , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Luby Marie
Published: December 2021

Background

Accessible tools to efficiently detect and segment diffusion abnormalities in acute strokes are highly anticipated by the clinical and research communities.

Methods

We developed a tool with deep learning networks trained and tested on a large dataset of 2,348 clinical diffusion weighted MRIs of patients with acute and sub-acute ischemic strokes, and further tested for generalization on 280 MRIs of an external dataset (STIR).

Results

Our proposed model outperforms generic networks and DeepMedic, particularly in small lesions, with lower false positive rate, balanced precision and sensitivity, and robustness to data perturbs (e.g., artefacts, low resolution, technical heterogeneity). The agreement with human delineation rivals the inter-evaluator agreement; the automated lesion quantification of volume and contrast has virtually total agreement with human quantification.

Conclusion

Our tool is fast, public, accessible to non-experts, with minimal computational requirements, to detect and segment lesions via a single command line. Therefore, it fulfills the conditions to perform large scale, reliable and reproducible clinical and translational research.
Tuning non-radiative decay channelsviasymmetric/asymmetric substituent effects on phenazine derivatives and their phototherapy switch between dynamic and thermal processes
Authors: Li Yuxuan , Ding Keke , Wu Haozhong , Wan Qing , Ma Yao , Huang Yuhua , Wang Zhiming , Zhang Weijie , Hou Jianquan , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: December 2021

Two emitters based on substituent effects exhibited different and competitive non-radiative decay processes, that was intersystem crossing and thermal deactivation, and excellent phototherapy achievement was realized by the two corresponding processes.
Magnetic Lu2Cu2O5-based ceramic nanostructured materials fabricated by a simple and green approach for an effective photocatalytic degradation of organic contamination
Authors: Tabatabaeinejad Seyed Milad , Zinatloo-Ajabshir Sahar , Amiri Omid , Salavati-Niasari Masoud
Published: December 2021

The synthesis of Lu2Cu2O5–Lu2O3 nanocomposites via a simple auto-combustion approach and their excellent performance in the removal of organic pollutants under sunlight is presented for the first time.
Solid-state nitrogen-doped carbon nanoparticles with tunable emission prepared by a microwave-assisted method
Authors: Permatasari Fitri Aulia , Nakul Fitriyanti , Mayangsari Tirta Rona , Aimon Akfiny Hasdi , Nuryadin Bebeh Wahid , Bisri Satria Zulkarnaen , Ogi Takashi , Iskandar Ferry
Published: December 2021

Tunable emissive solid-state carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) have been successfully synthesized by a facile synthesis through microwave irradiation.
Selective degradation of acetaminophen from hydrolyzed urine by peroxymonosulfate alone: performances and mechanisms
Authors: Lin Yiting , Mo Xiting , Zhang Yamin , Nie Minghua , Yan Caixia , Wu Leliang
Published: December 2021

Owing to the high concentration of pharmaceuticals in urine, the degradation of these organic pollutants before their environmental release is highly desired.
Tunable hydrocarbon adsorption based on a zeolitic imidazolate framework in the sodalite topology
Authors: Falkowski Joseph M. , Ravikovitch Peter I. , Abdulkarim Mary S. , Muraro Giovanni M. , Liu Sophie F. , Paur Charanjit , Strohmaier Elisa A. , Weston Simon C.
Published: December 2021

The structural flexibility of ZIF-7 is controlled via a mixed-linker approach resulting in modified adsorption properties tunable across 2 orders of magnitude of step pressure while maintaining the ZIF-7 structure throughout the compositional range.
Enhancing the propylene/propane separation performances of ZIF-8 membranes by post-synthetic surface polymerization
Authors: Park Sunghwan , Cho Kie Yong , Jeong Hae-Kwon
Published: December 2021

The microstructural defects of ZIF-8 membranes were effectively sealed with sub-10 nm thick ultrathin PMMA layers by post-synthetic surface polymerization, significantly improving their C3H6/C3H8 separation performances and membrane reproducibility.
Hydrophilic magnetic covalent triazine frameworks for differential N-glycopeptides enrichment in breast cancer plasma membranes
Authors: Li Zhiyu , Gao Yichun , Zhang Huinan , Lan Fang , Wu Yao
Published: December 2021

This strategy which systematically integrate efficient enrichment of differential PMGs and in-depth comparative analysis.
Soft template-assisted self-assembly: a general strategy toward two-dimensional molecular crystals for high-performance organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Tian Xinzi , Yao Jiarong , Guo Siyu , Wang Zhaofeng , Xiao Yanling , Zhang Heng , Feng Yiyu , Feng Wei , Jie Jiansheng , Yang Fangxu , Li Rongjin , Hu Wenping
Published: December 2021

A soft template-assisted self-assembly (STAS) strategy was developed to grow large-area high-quality 2D molecular crystals on a water surface irrespective of the surface tension of the solvents.
Deep-red electro-fluorescence based on an excimer emission with hot-exciton channels
Authors: Gao Ying , Yao Mingming , Zhou Changjiang , Liu Haichao , Zhang Shi-Tong , Yang Bing
Published: December 2021

This work not only gives a new functional group for the construction of deep-red pure organic efficient excimer materials, but also further verifies that the “hot exciton” theory can also be effective in excimer-based OLEDs.
Highlighting the processing versatility of a silicon phthalocyanine derivative for organic thin-film transistors
Authors: Cranston Rosemary R. , King Benjamin , Dindault Chloé , Grant Trevor M. , Rice Nicole A. , Tonnelé Claire , Muccioli Luca , Castet Frédéric , Swaraj Sufal , Lessard Benoît H.
Published: December 2021

Silicon phthalocyanine (SiPc) derivatives have recently emerged as promising materials for n-type organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) with the ability to be fabricated either by solid state or solution processes through axial functionalization.
A pandemic in the age of next-generation sequencing
Authors: Beckett Angela H. , Cook Kate F. , Robson Samuel C.
Published: December 2021

Since December 2019, the world has found itself rocked by the emergence of a highly contagious novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. The global scientific community has rapidly come together to understand the virus and identify potential treatments and vaccine strategies to minimise the impact on public health. Key to this has been the use of cutting-edge technological advances in DNA and RNA sequencing, allowing identification of changes in the viral genome sequence as the infection spreads. This approach has allowed a widespread ‘genomic epidemiology’ approach to infection control, whereby viral transmission (e.g. in healthcare settings) can be detected not only by epidemiological assessment, but also by identifying similarities between viral sub-types among individuals. The UK has been at the forefront of this response, with researchers collaborating with public health agencies and NHS Trusts across the UK to form the COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium. Genomic surveillance at this scale has provided critical insight into the virulence and transmission of the virus, enabling near real-time monitoring of variants of concern and informing infection control measures on local, national and global scales. In the future, next-generation sequencing technologies, such as nanopore sequencing, are likely to become ubiquitous in diagnostic and healthcare settings, marking the transition to a new era of molecular medicine.
The impact of global change - the COVID-19 pandemic on the evaluation of employee performance in companies in the Czech Republic
Authors: Čemerková Šárka , Pokorná Pavla , Malátek Vojtěch
Published: December 2021

Research background: Human resource management is a process that includes several consecutive phases. Employee performance evaluation is one of them. It is a starting point for rewarding employees as well as for several other personnel activities, such as personnel planning, job analysis, employee deployment, and more. The company may approach the evaluation of employee performance itself in different ways. Employee performance can be evaluated in different ways and with different frequencies. The setting up of the employee performance evaluation system is based on global and local conditions, corporate culture, and the needs of the company's management.

Purpose of the article: The article aims discuss the approach of the companies in the Czech Republic to the evaluation of employee performance and to evaluate whether or not there have been any changes in this system due to the global pandemic COVID-19.

Methods: The starting point of our research is quantitative data on companies in the Czech Republic, obtained by a questionnaire survey immediately before the COVID-19 pandemic and after its first year. Using the chi-square test the attitudes of these companies to the evaluation of employee performance and their changes as a result of COVID-19 are evaluated.

Findings & Value added: Conclusions are drawn regarding changes in the system of employee performance evaluation, the method of implementation and frequency of evaluation, and its use in personnel work in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Impact of COVID-19 on the sale of products and accompanying services to electrical engineering companies in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kaňovská Lucie , Bumberová Veronika
Published: December 2021

Research background: The coronavirus pandemic and action taken by companies in response, necessarily led to a significant reduction in the performance of the Czech economy, and especially a downturn in industry. While in sectors it was easy to calculate the slump in production and orders, elsewhere the slowdown in the world economy is expected to be felt in the coming periods. Yet there were also companies that were not significantly affected by the COVID-19 situation. One of the options for maintaining a market position may be an emphasis on accompanying services, including smart services which, thanks to the limitations of COVID-19, could significantly alleviate the situation.

Purpose of the article: The purpose of this paper is to find out whether COVID-19 will have an impact on the sale of products and accompanying services in the industry selected from the perspective of respondents' perceptions over time.

Methods: This paper draws on a conjunctural research approach via survey and structural interview data collected in electrical engineering companies during the Coronavirus pandemic situation. The data obtained from the quantitative survey carried out in September 2020 is used to evaluate the results by summarizing the answers in the individual variants. The data obtained from qualitative interviews conducted in July 2021 are used both to illustrate the views of selected entrepreneurs from industry who were actively involved in the research, and to map the current situation.

Findings and value added: The results of the quantitative survey show uncertain to more negative views on the impact of sales of firms’ own products and services in general, while current qualitative data collection on the present has a positive tendency to perceive further growth and recovery especially in the area of servitization which has helped in crisis resilience.
Changes in the Labour Market and Education in the Czech Republic in the Context of the Global Pandemic
Authors: Linkeschová Dana , Tichá Alena
Published: December 2021

Research background: At a time when we are looking for ways to recover the economy most effectively from a global pandemic, digitalization represents a significant opportunity. This is a specific aspect of digitalization, i.e. automation through artificial intelligence-driven technologies, in various areas of society, particularly in the industry and related education.

Purpose of the article: The aim of this article is to present the changes in the labour market and education in the context of the global pandemic. Even after the end of the pandemic, it will be necessary to continue increasing productivity through the use of modem technologies. Education will no longer be tailored to one profession, as it has been so far, but shall emphasise interdisciplinarity, comprehensiveness, creativity and flexibility. The Fifth Industrial Revolution (Industry 5.0) will logically follow. It is a vision of the return of a man and his creativity to the production processes.

Methods: The paper analyses the survey of the international research into the global crisis caused by the pandemic using desk research and mathematical statistics methods.

Findings and added value: Many professions tend to be at risk as work becomes increasingly digitalized and automated. This article looks at the possible evolution of the market and the emergence of new professions that cannot be imagined now. Therefore, it is very important to focus education in all areas of society to prepare the graduates to be able to flexibly respond to changes in the labour market requirements.
OTC market during COVID-19 pandemic and impact on its further development
Authors: Machová Veronika , Kučera Jiří , Juhaňáková Michaela
Published: December 2021

Research background: The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic strongly affected the development of the volume of trade on the OTC market. The volume was below its normal level due to the uncertainty and fear in the society.

Purpose of the article: The objective of the paper was to explain the differences between the period before the pandemic, during the pandemic, and to determine the predictions of further development until the year 2025

Methods: Using the method of neural networks, the prediction of the closing exchange rate until 2025 was determined based on the data from the past years, according to which the RM index value will be higher in December this year, with a subsequent slight decrease and fluctuations.

Findings & Value added: The results showed that the volume of trades was lower in the past compared to the period just before the pandemic, i.e. the year 2020, when the RM index was clearly highest. Investors should postpone investments until the value of the RM index is stable and trading on the OTC market is advantageous again. However, if they are willing to risk, investments can be made, although the return on investment will be unreasonably long.
The Values of Virtual Civilization in the Times of Global Consumption: Homo Sapiens VS Worldwide Pandemic
Authors: Pavlova Elena
Published: December 2021

Research background: The article is devoted to the phenomenon of COVID-19 and its influence of modern man. The article analyses the processes in which the mechanisms of human interaction with the environment manifest themselves, as well as ways to address the destructive processes in the minds and behavior of modern man.

Purpose of the article: In this article, from the point of view of philosophy, one of the most complex phenomena of the modern information age, is characterized, namely the modern stage of the human society in the context of pandemic is studied and analyzed.

Methods: Theoretical interpretation of understanding of problem of interpersonal communication in the context of globalization and pandemic COVID-19 requires an integrated approach. The method of temporal analysis and the method of personalistic and ideal-typical reconstruction, a tool that is adequate to the author’s interpretation of social self-organization in the era of globalization as a process of constituting the temporal and ethical dominance of individuals and collectivities that formalize the integrity of the cultural epoch, will become the immediate, applied methodological basis.

Findings &; Value added: Summing up our reflections, we can say that it is the flexibility, multiple variability in different behavioral situations tha is often the key to successful and efficient activity. On the contrary: constriction, resistance to the changing conditions and factors very often become an obstacle on the way to successful communication with the world around us.
Dynamics of commercial real estate market segments in the post-pandemic period
Authors: Pirogova Oksana , Zasenko Vilena
Published: December 2021

Research background: Commercial real estate segments have reacted differently to the effects of the coronavirus pandemic, announced early last year. Thus, the greatest interest is represented by commercial, service and warehouse real estate. The retail segment seriously felt the restrictions in the work of retail and service enterprises from March to July 2020 – due to the rotation of operators, the departure of many players from the market, the vacancy rate of space increased, the average rental rate decreased due to the revision of lease agreements. Warehouse real estate, on the contrary, has received incentives for development due to a twofold increase in online trade in Russia – the vacancy rate in the most high-quality areas tends to 0-2%, the average rental rate is growing rapidly.

Purpose of the article: to analyze the commercial real estate market in the context of retail and warehouse real estate in the regions of Russia and St. Petersburg, to develop mechanisms to increase their competitiveness in the postcovid period.

Methods: description, comparison, analogy, generalization and correlation and regression analysis.

Findings & Value added: there is a high dependence of the current state of retail and warehouse real estate on the growing volumes of online trade, which causes certain trends: the growth of the shortage of warehouse space and the increase in the vacancy rate of retail space-mechanisms have been developed to increase the competitiveness of commercial real estate operators in St. Petersburg and the regions
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life
Authors: Stofkova Zuzana , Seemann Peter
Published: December 2021

Research background:The paper deals with the quality of life and the impact of the pandemic COVID-19 on people’s lives in Slovakia and in selected region. The concept of quality of life and dimensions of quality of life, which are necessary for its evaluation are mentioned, too. It also describes the current state of the issue in Slovakia and abroad on the basis of the selected indicators, where individual countries of the world are compared.

Purpose of the article:There are mentioned approaches to quality of life assessment and to conduct a survey of quality of life in a selected region which deals with the development of the quality of life. The paper deals with the analysis of the current state of the problem in Slovakia and abroad. Various definitions of the term quality of life through several authors and views.

Methods:Indices in a global and national level for assessment of selected aspects of objective and subjective quality of life in terms of pandemics COVID-19 are mentioned. In order to assess the impact of a pandemic related to COVID-19 on satisfaction of citizens with several aspects of their lives in selected region is analyzed on the basis of an e-survey.

Findings & Value added:The result of the article is a comparison of individual indicators of the subjective quality of life in selected EU member states and the Slovak Republic. A survey of the satisfaction of the inhabitants of selected region with selected areas of quality of their lives connected with the COVID-19 pandemic is carried out in order to monitor and evaluate the quality of life at the level of local governments.
Shopping behaviour of e - commerce customers on the example of generation Z
Authors: Laitkep Dominik , Repkova Stofkova Katarina
Published: December 2021

Research background: In today's competition markets and different types of customers, it is difficult to achieve a competitive advantage for merchants without knowing the shopping behaviour or intentions of customers. We can classify online store customers into many categories, but we have chosen a category - Generation Z.

Purpose of the article: Generation Z can be generally defined as the technically most advanced generation of the entire population. This generation represents demanding customers who seek experiences and shop the mostly online. Generation Z members have relatively high ambitions regarding their careers, lives and they know exactly what, where and how they shop. The aim of this article is to present key factors influencing purchasing behaviour of Generation Z in Slovakia.

Methods: Methods were used to meet the aim of the paper, to present the results of the author's primary research, processed by reducing the number of attributes influencing purchasing behavior using factor analysis. The target group of primary research respondents was born between 1997 and 2012.

Findings & Value added: Purchasing behavior of the Z generation is mainly influenced by design of the website, the importance of delivery methods together with the possibility of online payment, reviews of merchants and shopping at a well-known seller. An interesting finding is Generation Z's lack of interest in a new wave of trends influencing shopping preferences through popular people on the Internet, called influencers.
Influence of marketing communication tools on customer’s purchase processes of erotic products in the Czech Republic
Authors: Milichovský František , Mráček Pavel , Prokopová Lucie
Published: December 2021

Research background: Even today, part of society considers shops with erotic goods as something completely controversial, which should not be talked about, or used in any case. Erotic tools have been used by people for thousands of years (30,000 years ago, people in caves painted the first erotic aids). In the case of material finds, various tools from the period of 2,500 BC were discovered. Due to the understanding of erotic tools and the presentation of conservative to negative opinions of people, it is important to create effective communication and effectively influence the information of potential customers.

Purpose of the article: The main goal of the work is a description of customer behavior, analysis of the point of sale, and marketing communication in the market of erotic tools. The primary research was realized in questionnaire form in focus on the definition of a typical customer and his characteristics within their purchase habits with the support of interviews.

Methods: The description of customer behavior is based on the analysis of their behavior based on a quantitative questionnaire survey. We asked 870 people and received 463 fulfilled sheets. The results of the questionnaires will be extended by a qualitative survey in the form of personal interviews with 10 respondents.

Findings & Value added: We find out four different customer types which have different purchase behavior, and on which is necessary to use a different type of communication. According to our types, sellers of erotic tools could improve their communication channels to become more effective.
Decentralized finance
Authors: Frajtova Michalikova Katarina , Poliakova Adela
Published: December 2021

Research background:Its simplest form, decentralized finance is a system by which financial products become available on a public decentralized blockchain network, making them open to anyone to use, rather than going through middlemen like banks or brokerages. Unlike a bank or brokerage account, a government-issued ID, Social Security number, or proof of address are not necessary to use DeFi.

Purpose of the article:The aim of the contribution is more specifically, DeFi refers to a system by which software written on blockchains makes it possible for buyers, sellers, lenders, and borrowers to interact peer to peer or with a strictly software-based middleman rather than a company or institution facilitating a transaction.

Methods:Multiple technologies and protocols are used to achieve the goal of decentralization. For example, a decentralized system can consist of a mix of open-source technologies, blockchain, and proprietary software. Smart contracts that automate agreement terms between buyers and sellers or lenders and borrowers make these financial products possible. Regardless of the technology or platform used, DeFi systems are designed to remove intermediaries between transacting parties.

Findings & Value added:The article provides an overview of decentralized finance (DeFi) solutions that have already proved they are better alternatives to traditional finance. With DeFi, users can take advantage of lower transaction rates, higher interest rates or an opportunity to diversify investments.
Evaluation of selected capital market
Authors: Horák Jakub , Kalinová Eva , Novotná Andrea
Published: December 2021

Research background: Stock exchange trading is an activity carried out in order to achieve a profit. The oldest and largest market operator in the CR is the Prague Stock Exchange. The complex development of the market in a given period with regard to its development trends is monitored by means of the stock market index. The index of the Prague Stock Exchange is PX index.

Purpose of the article: The objective of the contribution is the evaluation of the development of the PX index in the years 2018-2020 and the prediction of its further development.

Methods: The data on the PX index were obtained from the official Prague Stock Exchange websites. The data are available for the period of 26 March 2018-31 March 2021. The processed data are analysed using neural networks, specifically the time series analysis. The opening price is used as a variable.

Findings & Value added: The research results show that the Czech market index has been relatively stable in the past, its values being around its initial value, 1,000 points. No major fluctuations were recorded, as the PX index included very stable firms. However, with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a sharp decline caused by the effect of anti-pandemic measures on the economy. Currently, the Czech market index is expected to grow gradually and stabilize at around 1,000 points.
Potential usage of Beneish's M-score under the conditions of selected segment of Slovak Economy
Authors: Kollar Boris
Published: December 2021

Research background: The motivation behind submitted article is the institutional research of earnings management. The aim is to identify the differences between the usage of creative accounting techniques in the form of Beneish’s M-score under the conditions of Slovak economy. The paper focuses on these differences and specifics and possible reasons behind them. Paper highlights also the impact of globalization on companies and therefore also behind their motives to use earnings management. It also offers several definitions of earnings management and also highlights the importance of the borderline knowledge between earnings management and fraudulent behavior. The Beneish’s model seems to be used by several of major Slovak companies in food segment. The aim was to analyse this sector of Slovak economy, because of its importance to everyday life of people. To assess the motivation behind its usage by these companies. Either it is because they want to transfer their earnings to maternal companies, or there are unexpected local circumstances.

Purpose of the article: To describe specifics in the process of Beneish’s model usage under the conditions of selected segment of Slovak economy and also to highlight motivation behind its usage.

Methods: The paper is built on the statistical methods, financial analysis as well as the methods of formal logic, like comparison, analysis or synthesis and deduction.

Findings & Value added: Comprehensive overview of the earnings management definition, its forms and motives behind its usage and foremost specifics in its usage under the conditions of selected segments of Slovak economy.
Use of the cost-benefit analysis method in the risk management process of SMEs
Authors: Makka Katarina , Kampova Katarina
Published: December 2021

Research background: Property protection is a worldwide very often used term in the conditions of various sectors. It represents a set of measures that have a preventive effect on the risk of damage to the building. The issue of property protection does not only concern organizations, but also every person who is the owner of a property in which his important interests are located. The protection of buildings is a current topic on a global scale, mainly to ensure the proper functioning through the protection of all important tangible and intangible assets of company.

Purpose of the article: The main idea of this article is to approach the issue and create a risk management process, focusing on dealing with risks in the conditions of a particular company, in this step we will use a cost-benefit analysis to help decide on the implementation or rejection of a project to protect the selected object.

Methods: Before applying the method of cost-benefit analysis to a specific case of protection of the object of the selected company, it was necessary to characterize the selected company and find out which risks are unacceptable through the creation of a risk management process. The risk management process was created based on structured and unstructured interviews with the company’s employees.

Findings & Value added: The proposed procedure for risk management and application of the method of cost-benefit analysis in the process of risk management are applicable in the conditions of any other organization in order to create an effective project for the protection of the object. If necessary, the procedure for using the cost-benefit analysis method can be adjusted to suit the needs and conditions of the problem of a particular organization.
Directions of improvement of multinational banks’ credit activity regulations in terms of debt-type economy
Authors: Murshudli Fakhri , Zapotichna Roksolana , Mursalov Muslim
Published: December 2021

Research background: Amidst deepening economic internationalization and financial globalization, multinational banks remain the most important financial intermediaries in the international debt capital market. By ensuring the cross-border movement and redistribution of credit resources, multinational banks’ credit activities lead to the accumulation of external indebtedness in the host countries.

Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to substantiate scientific and practical recommendations for improving multinational banks’ credit activities regulations in order to minimize their negative impact on the level of external indebtedness and the formation of the debt-type economy in the host countries.

Methods: Methods of abstraction, systematization and generalization, as well as system approach have been used in our research.

Findings & Value added: A hierarchical system of multinational banks’ credit activity regulation, which includes institutional-subjective (the level of multinational banks themselves), macro-regional (the level of the home country and host countries), mega- and meta-regional, and global levels have been proposed. Scientific and practical approaches to regulating multinational banks’ credit activities, which are based on the introduction of special regulatory measures by the countries with debt-type economies (transformation of external financing sources, revision of forms of credit cooperation with multinational banks, intensification of inclusion in the processes of securitization of credit relations, introduction of a system of macroprudential regulation instruments, increasing the level of international liquidity), have been developed.
Application of Economic Value Added under the Conditions of Globalization: Study of Real Estate Industry
Authors: Podhorska Ivana
Published: December 2021

Research background: The success and stability of any company depends mainly on its financial health. This research is focused on the application of economic value added as a methods for analysis of financial health of company. The EVA indicator characterizes the company’s ability, which is reduced by the price of equity. In other words, the capital invested in the company has a benefit that exceeds the cost of that capital. The goal of each owner is to achieve the maximum possible appreciation of this invested capital and thus ensure the appreciation of the company’s assets.

Purpose of the article: The main aim of the paper is to assess the financial health of companies in the real estate industry by economic added value under the conditions of globalization.

Methods: For research was used the data of Slovak enterprises from real estate industry, obtained from annual financial reports covering the year 2019. Based on these data economic value added were calculated. Especially, EVA equity methods was used. Cost of equity were quantified by capital assets pricing model. Subsequently, the results obtained were examined by descriptive statistics.

Findings & Value added: The results of paper bring comprehensive analysis of financial health of Slovak companies from real estate industry by economic value added. Paper identified the value of economic value added in all companies from this industry, quantified both, the largest and the smallest values of economic value added in data. Subsequently, study applied descriptive analysis of results.
Evaluation of possibilities and risks in keeping bitcoins in the EU accounting records
Authors: Regnerova Olga , Siskova Jitka
Published: December 2021

Research background: Cryptocurrencies are a specific form of currency that has emerged with the rise of globalization and the Internet. At present, there are still no necessary guidelines to enable bitcoin to be accounted for uniformly, not even within the framework of the international accounting standards IFRS.

Purpose of the article: That is to evaluate the possibilities of correct procedure in accounting for bitcoin according to applicable accounting regulations with identification of deficiencies and risks and overall impact on profit and loss statements and tax issues in reporting bitcoin, especially in income taxes and VAT.

Methods: The evaluation will be performed using model examples that focus on the use of bitcoin in business. Four model examples: 1. bitcoin as a means of payment, 2. bitcoin extraction, 3. bitcoin speculation, 4. evaluation of bitcoin billing when paying salaries. For individual variants, income tax will be calculated according to valid regulations and any difference will be compared. Based on the synthesis of the obtained results of model examples, the reporting of bitcoin according to Czech accounting standards will be evaluated with subsequent recommendations for accounting entities and pointing out possible risks for reporting.

Findings & Value added: If an entity wishes to use bitcoin in the course of its business, it may be advised to create appropriate analytical accounts or off-balance sheet records. This issue should be discussed and addressed in the legislation. This is a global issue, so it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to the uniform approach in accounting.
Black-Scholes Flexibility of European Companies in the Digital Age
Authors: Uzik Martin , Runge Christopher
Published: December 2021

Research background: “How much is flexibility worth?” This question is the title of one of almost countless contributions. In these, procedures are discussed with which existing room for manoeuvres in corporate management can be quantitatively mapped. When Myers recognized in 1977 that decision-making situations in companies have the characteristics of financial options, he laid the foundation for the theory of real options. In the following years, further articles appeared dealing with the problem of the value-based recording of flexibility.

Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to empirically test the explanatory variables of Black-Scholes flexibility. A period from 2000 to 2020 is analyzed, as it is assumed that the digital age had already found its way into companies’ business models at that point in time.

Methods: In the following, using the approach described above, the value of flexibility from the Black-Scholes call option is determined for the years 2000 to 2020. The sample comprises the STOXX Europe 600. The aim of the model is to test whether the flexibility determined by Black-Scholes can be explained by selected parameters. These include intangibles, sales growth, debt to equity, market to book value, and earnings in the form of profitability

Findings & Value added: The results show which variables explain the Black-Scholes flexibility as well as how the Black-Scholes flexibility has evolved over the period studied.
The next step for Artificial Intelligence in a globally connected economy
Authors: Bodislav Dumitru Alexandru , Bran Florina , Gombos Carol Cristina , Mair Amza
Published: December 2021

Research background:This research paper represents an overview of what artificial intelligence is, what are its roots, and what is the next big thing regarding the domain. In this paper we try to highlight how the domain is growing and what is the difference between the ideology, the business factor and the human factor. We try to create a big picture on the entire phenomenon by creating a parallel between machine learning, artificial intelligence and the influence of technological breakthrough from a hardware perspective.

Purpose of the article:The paper is built as a tool in understanding technology, globalization and the pathway to success and scientific glory for what can be seen as the industry of artificial intelligence. The tools presented in the research have the purpose to create an easier path to how we can develop this domain by accelerating theoretical processing and business analytics that come together to form the next level of machine learning/artificial intelligence; research and development, everything being filtered from an economic point of view.

Methods:The used research method is based on fundamental analysis of the artificial intelligence domain and its purpose in the complexity of globalization and economic development.

Findings & Value added:The paper tries to offer a tool for building a better understanding of the next decade in the domain of artificial intelligence.
The influence of Industry 4.0 on employment in engineering companies: Evidence of managerial view in Czech and Germany
Authors: Kuba Karel , Dedina Jiri , Milichovsky Frantisek
Published: December 2021

Research background: The global business activities raise the necessity of skilled workers, especially in the context of Industry 4.0 and its implementation in company processes. At the same time, the development of technologies in connection with the automation and robotization of production processes. Industry 4.0 provides the company with the opportunity to change from a traditional production approach and separate production units to an automated operation.

Purpose of the article: The primary research aimed to obtain information and data that top managers consider as important. At the same time, there is a focus on the connection between the level of employment in an engineering company and within the implementation of the concept of industry 4.0.

Methods: In the primary research, structured interviews were used. For the interview, we asked managers from the 88 companies in the Czech and 303 companies in Germany. From that amount, we get responses from 67 Czech companies (82 managers) and 160 German companies (200 managers). Their answers were processed by the Dematel method, which is considered a multi-evaluation tool.

Findings & Value added: Based on the implementation of the DEMATEL method, the coordinates of individual parameters were determined with their visualization in the map of influences, in which the links between individual variables are visible, which are located in two quadrants. The links between the individual variables are in the form of the above arrows, wherein in the case of bidirectional arrows, it is a mutual influence of variables and one-way arrows then show a one-sided dependence.
The Science and Technology Incentive Mechanism in Russia: A Chronicle of 1990-2020
Authors: Korostyshevskaya Elena , Stoianova Olga , Alpatov Gennady
Published: December 2021

Research background: The analysis shows the focus of studies on public incentive for science and technology (S&T) on individual tools (financial support, personnel development, infrastructure, scientific collaborations), or the study of the current issues. The development of a systemic view on the evolution of the public mechanism of S&T incentive is required.

Purpose of the article: to form a systemic view on the processes and instruments of S&T stimulation in Russia over the past 30 years, allowing to create a methodological basis for centers of excellence development.

Methods: A comprehensive historical and logical analysis of Russian and foreign studies is conducted. Using a systemic approach, a classification of S&T incentive instruments is developed, which is greatly influenced by the ideas of S. Zaichenko on centers of excellence. Quantitative analysis of S&T statistics in the context of the implementation of various public incentive mechanism instruments allows to draw conclusions about the level of effectiveness of the latter. On the basis of the synthesis of all the results obtained, proposals for the structure of the mechanism for stimulating centers of excellence in Russia are generated.

Findings & Value added: - S&T stimulation tools in Russia over the past 30 years are identified and classified; - a periodization of these instruments is developed; - a chronological analysis of their evolution in the context of the selected groups and their influence on the innovative development of Russia is conducted; - proposals on the structure of the mechanism for stimulation of the centers of excellence in Russia are formulated.
Determinants preventing the implementation of green growth and sustainable development in enterprises in the Slovak wood-processing industry
Authors: Melichová Miroslava , Poláková Natália , Moresová Mária , Kocianová Anna
Published: December 2021

Research background:Despite the fact, that green growth is one of the main goals of the European Union, a sufficient attention is still not given to it in conditions of Slovakia. The green growth represents compliance of the need to protect environment with economic development of society. So far, a comprehensive survey has not been carried out in Slovakia, which would focus on the issue of green growth and sustainable development in enterprises in the Slovak wood-processing industry.

Purpose of the article:The aim of the presented paper is to identify key external and internal determinants preventing the implementation of green growth and sustainable development in enterprises in the Slovak wood-processing industry.

Methods:Current information on the research issue was obtained through an empirical survey in the form of a questionnaire. Subsequently, the results were processed descriptively and graphically.

Findings & Value added:The achieved results show that the key internal determinant preventing the implementation of green growth and sustainable development in enterprises in the Slovak wood processing industry is the orientation of production to the end of the production process in the context of environmental pollution. The enterprises consider insufficient state support to be the main external determinant.
Deterrents to Participation in Sharing Economy Activities: Cross-Country Survey
Authors: Tambovceva Tatjana , Titko Jelena , Svirina Anna , Tereshina Maria
Published: December 2021

Research background: Sharing economy is driven by a number of factors, such as intensified application of internet and smartphones, shift towards circular economy and sustainability, and globalization. An impact of globalization processes on consumer society is expressed not only in growth of international trade or development of transnational corporations, but also in change of cultural and communication patterns, specifically regarding change in attitudes towards ownership.

Purpose of the article: The goal of the research is to evaluate consumers’ perception of a sharing economy. The current research continues the previous studies conducted by the authors but focuses on reasons for consumers’ negative attitude towards sharing economy.

Methods: The study is conducted on the basis of survey results, which include 876 valid questionnaires. To understand the relationship between personal characteristics and lack of activity in sharing economy, the study implemented moderation statistical analysis. The choice of moderators was based on theoretical ground that estimates age, gender and education to influence person's choice on sharing economy; in this study those predictions are testing by means of moderation analysis.

Findings & Value added: The authors tested the moderation effect of age, gender, and education on withdrawal from the sharing economy practices in relation to key sharing economy sectors (respondent was involved as service receiver/provider). Besides, the moderation effect of respondent's involvement into sharing economy as provider and receiver on withdrawal from the sharing economy practices in relation to key personal characteristics of the respondent was tested.
The impact of globalization in connection with the development of e-commerce
Authors: Nahalková Tesárová Eva , Križanová Anna
Published: December 2021

Research background:Globalization encourages increased involvement of retailers, and the market currently provides these entities with a new range of purchasing functions. The new economy is based primarily on information and knowledge, so the key to success is the ability to constantly improve and respond to changing market conditions and increasing customer requirements. The Internet thus becomes an integral part of our lives. It is a tool that makes our lives better. The expansion of the global information network Internet has created space for a new kind of business. It brings benefits to all e-commerce entities. For this reason, its popularity is growing exponentially. The negative experience caused by financial fraud, misuse of sensitive data, the unreliability of business partners, and the like is also growing.

Purpose of the article:The basic purpose of the article is the fact that the development of e-commerce is one of the important conditions for maintaining and increasing the competitiveness of the Slovak economy and its ability to participate in the international division of labor with the economically developed countries.

Methods:The basic pillar of the article was to analyze the current development of e-commerce in the Slovak Republic, which is affected by the pandemic situation caused by COVID-19, make a comparison with EU countries, and evaluate the perception of e-commerce by Slovak consumers based on a questionnaire survey.

Findings & Value added:Finally, we interpret the answers of the respondents, which were obtained by the questionnaire method.