bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creation of Geospatial Database and Estimation of Irrigation Water Requirement of a Canal Command in Gayathri Irrigation Project, Kerala
Authors: Nair Priya G. , Joseph Asha
Published: May 2023

The water requirement of crops in the canal command of distributaries of Gayathri Irrigation Project in Palakkad district, Kerala was estimated using GIS and CROPWAT 8 model. The geospatial data base for canal network, land use, soil and climate were prepared using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. This data base was used as input to CROPWAT model to estimate irrigation water requirement of different distributaries of the canal command. The gross irrigation requirement was estimated for the historical climate data (2004-2018) as well as the predicted climate data for the years 2026 and 2031. The net irrigation water requirement of different crops in the distributary command was found to vary spatially depending on soil, crop and climate. The net irrigation water requirement of paddy (mundakan) in distributaries located at head to tail reaches varied from 1004.5 to 1573.6 mm. The high value of net irrigation requirement in tail reach was due to the influence of soil series with high infiltration rate compared to head reach soil. The net irrigation requirement also varied for the same crop in same soil series in different distributaries depending upon the climatic conditions. The net irrigation water requirement of paddy (mundakan) in distributaries located at head to middle reaches for the same soil series varied from 1056.5 to 1004.5 mm due to the influence of variations in rainfall. The gross estimated irrigation water requirement showed that distributaries at the middle and tail reaches required more water than the distributaries at the head end. The maximum gross irrigation water requirement of 25369.7 m3/ha was observed for Peringhotukavu distributary in tail reach and lowest of 4390.9 m3/ha for Parakkalchalla distributary in head reach. The estimation of irrigation requirement for projected climate data also showed the same trend as that of historical data.
Titanium-Nitride-Oxide–Coated vs Everolimus-Eluting Stents in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Bouisset Frederic , Sia Jussi , Mizukami Takuya , Karjalainen Pasi P. , Tonino Pim A. L. , Pijls Nico H. J. , Van der Heyden Jan , Romppanen Hannu , Kervinen Kari , Airaksinen Juhani K. E. , Lalmand Jacques , Frambach Peter , Roza da Costa Bruno , Collet Carlos , De Bruyne Bernard ,   TIDES-ACS Study Group
Published: May 2023

Importance

Titanium-nitride-oxide (TiNO)–coated stents show faster strut coverage compared with drug-eluting stents without excessive intimal-hyperplasia observed in bare metal stents. It is important to study long-term clinical outcomes after treatment of patients with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) by TiNO-coated stents, which are neither drug-eluting stents nor bare metal stents.

Objective

To compare the rate of main composite outcome of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), or ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization at 5 years in patients with ACS randomized to receive either a TiNO-coated stent or a third-generation everolimus-eluting stent (EES).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label trial was conducted in 12 clinical sites in 5 European countries and enrolled patients from January 2014 to August 2016. Patients presenting with ACS (ST-segment elevation MI, non–ST-segment elevation MI, and unstable angina) with at least 1 de novo lesion were randomized to receive either a TiNO-coated stent or an EES. The present report analyzes the long-term follow-up for the main composite outcome and its individual components. Analysis took place between November 2022 to March 2023.

Main outcome

The primary end point was a composite of cardiac death, MI, or target lesion revascularization at 12-month follow-up.

Results

A total of 1491 patients with ACS were randomly assigned to receive either TiNO-coated stents (989 [66.3%]) or EES (502 [33.7%]). The mean (SD) age was 62.7 (10.8) years, and 363 (24.3%) were female. At 5 years, the main composite outcome events occurred in 111 patients (11.2%) in the TiNO group vs 60 patients (12%) in the EES group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.94; 95% CI, 0.69-1.28; P = .69). The rate of cardiac death was 0.9% (9 of 989) vs 3.0% (15 of 502) (HR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.13-0.69; P = .005), the rate of MI was 4.6% (45 of 989) vs 7.0% (35 of 502) (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.41-0.99; P = .049), the rate of stent thrombosis was 1.2% (12 of 989) vs 2.8% (14 of 502) (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.20-0.93; P = .034), and the rate of target lesion revascularization was 7.4% (73 of 989) vs 6.4% (32 of 502) (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.77-1.76; P = .47) in the TiNO-coated stent arm and in the EES arm, respectively.

Conclusion and relevance

In this study, patients with ACS had a main composite outcome that was not different 5 years after TiNO-coated stent or EES.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02049229
Estimated US Pediatric Hospitalizations and School Absenteeism Associated With Accelerated COVID-19 Bivalent Booster Vaccination
Authors: Fitzpatrick Meagan C. , Moghadas Seyed M. , Vilches Thomas N. , Shah Arnav , Pandey Abhishek , Galvani Alison P.
Published: May 2023

Importance

Adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in the pediatric population include disease and hospitalization, leading to school absenteeism. Booster vaccination for eligible individuals across all ages may promote health and school attendance.

Objective

To assess whether accelerating COVID-19 bivalent booster vaccination uptake across the general population would be associated with reduced pediatric hospitalizations and school absenteeism.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this decision analytical model, a simulation model of COVID-19 transmission was fitted to reported incidence data from October 1, 2020, to September 30, 2022, with outcomes simulated from October 1, 2022, to March 31, 2023. The transmission model included the entire age-stratified US population, and the outcome model included children younger than 18 years.

Interventions

Simulated scenarios of accelerated bivalent COVID-19 booster campaigns to achieve uptake that was either one-half of or similar to the age-specific uptake observed for 2020 to 2021 seasonal influenza vaccination in the eligible population across all age groups.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were estimated hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions, and isolation days of symptomatic infection averted among children aged 0 to 17 years and estimated days of school absenteeism averted among children aged 5 to 17 years under the accelerated bivalent booster campaign simulated scenarios.

Results

Among children aged 5 to 17 years, a COVID-19 bivalent booster campaign achieving age-specific coverage similar to influenza vaccination could have averted an estimated 5 448 694 (95% credible interval [CrI], 4 936 933-5 957 507) days of school absenteeism due to COVID-19 illness. In addition, the booster campaign could have prevented an estimated 10 019 (95% CrI, 8756-11 278) hospitalizations among the pediatric population aged 0 to 17 years, of which 2645 (95% CrI, 2152-3147) were estimated to require intensive care. A less ambitious booster campaign with only 50% of the age-specific uptake of influenza vaccination among eligible individuals could have averted an estimated 2 875 926 (95% CrI, 2 524 351-3 332 783) days of school absenteeism among children aged 5 to 17 years and an estimated 5791 (95% CrI, 4391-6932) hospitalizations among children aged 0 to 17 years, of which 1397 (95% CrI, 846-1948) were estimated to require intensive care.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this decision analytical model, increased uptake of bivalent booster vaccination among eligible age groups was associated with decreased hospitalizations and school absenteeism in the pediatric population. These findings suggest that although COVID-19 prevention strategies often focus on older populations, the benefits of booster campaigns for children may be substantial.
Identifying Patients for Intensive Blood Pressure Treatment Based on Cognitive Benefit
Authors: Ghazi Lama , Shen Jincheng , Ying Jian , Derington Catherine G. , Cohen Jordana B. , Marcum Zachary A. , Herrick Jennifer S. , King Jordan B. , Cheung Alfred K. , Williamson Jeff D. , Pajewski Nicholas M. , Bryan Nick , Supiano Mark , Sonnen Josh , Weintraub William S. , Greene Tom H. , Bress Adam P.
Published: May 2023

Importance

Intensive vs standard treatment to lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) reduces risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia; however, the magnitude of cognitive benefit likely varies among patients.

Objective

To estimate the magnitude of cognitive benefit of intensive vs standard systolic BP (SBP) treatment.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this ad hoc secondary analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT), 9361 randomized clinical trial participants 50 years or older with high cardiovascular risk but without a history of diabetes, stroke, or dementia were followed up. The SPRINT trial was conducted between November 1, 2010, and August 31, 2016, and the present analysis was completed on October 31, 2022.

Intervention

Systolic blood pressure treatment to an intensive (<120 mm Hg) vs standard (<140 mm Hg) target.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was a composite of adjudicated probable dementia or amnestic MCI.

Results

A total of 7918 SPRINT participants were included in the analysis; 3989 were in the intensive treatment group (mean [SD] age, 67.9 [9.2] years; 2570 [64.4%] men; 1212 [30.4%] non-Hispanic Black) and 3929 were in the standard treatment group (mean [SD] age, 67.9 [9.4] years; 2570 [65.4%] men; 1249 [31.8%] non-Hispanic Black). Over a median follow-up of 4.13 (IQR, 3.50-5.88) years, there were 765 and 828 primary outcome events in the intensive treatment group and standard treatment group, respectively. Older age (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 SD, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.78-1.96]), Medicare enrollment (HR per 1 SD, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.35-1.49]), and higher baseline serum creatinine level (HR per 1 SD, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.19-1.29]) were associated with higher risk of the primary outcome, while better baseline cognitive functioning (HR per 1 SD, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.41-0.44]) and active employment status (HR per 1 SD, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.42-0.46]) were associated with lower risk of the primary outcome. Risk of the primary outcome by treatment goal was estimated accurately based on similar projected and observed absolute risk differences (C statistic = 0.79). Higher baseline risk for the primary outcome was associated with greater benefit (ie, larger absolute reduction of probable dementia or amnestic MCI) of intensive vs standard treatment across the full range of estimated baseline risk.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this secondary analysis of the SPRINT trial, participants with higher baseline projected risk of probable dementia or amnestic MCI gained greater absolute cognitive benefit from intensive vs standard SBP treatment in a monotonic fashion.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01206062
Microporous, Crystalline, and Water‐Processable Framework Materials of Organic Amphiphile Salts
Authors: Frentzel‐Beyme Louis , Kolodzeiski Pascal , Terlinden Kai , Henke Sebastian
Published: May 2023

Porous framework materials are of major importance for a wide range of technologies. Nevertheless, many of these materials lack processibility as they are typically synthesized under rather harsh conditions and obtained as microcrystalline powders that cannot easily be coated or deposited from solution. Herein, a new approach to water‐processable metal–organic framework materials is presented. The materials are based on amphiphilic organic building blocks consisting of polar carboxylate groups and non‐polar alkyl chains connected to a rigid aromatic core. The amphiphilic building blocks assemble to porous framework structures via bonding to kinetically labile sodium ions from concentrated aqueous solution. The obtained crystalline materials, termed amphiphile salt frameworks , are thermally and mechanically stable (some derivatives up to 365 °C and up to at least 4000 bar hydrostatic pressure), exhibit persistent microporous channels accessible to several gases (N2, CO2, propane, propylene, n‐butane), and can be reversibly assembled/disassembled by crystallization from or dissolution in water. Systematic variation of the hydrophobic side chains of the amphiphile building blocks allows extracting structure‐property relationships and first design rules for this new class of water‐processable microporous framework materials.
High‐Yield Exfoliation of Large MXene with Flake Sizes over 10 µm Using Edge‐Anchored Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Huang Xianwu , Huang Jiahui , Yang Jing , Yang Dong , Li Tongtao , Dong Angang
Published: May 2023

The exceptional properties of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXene) have led to numerous promising applications. However, the performance of MXene is often dependent on the size of the flakes, and obtaining large‐sized, high‐quality MXene flakes remains challenging. Herein, a carbon nanotube (CNT)‐assisted exfoliation strategy is introduced, which significantly improves the yield of large‐flake MXene while entirely transforming the centrifugation residues into small‐flake MXene, resulting in waste‐free synthesis of MXene. The average size of the obtained MXene flakes can reach over 10 and 0.7 µm for the two populations, respectively. Additionally, the capacitive performance of MXene can be greatly enhanced with a small amount of CNTs. As a proof of concept, a planar interdigital micro‐supercapacitor with heterogeneous layers assembled by large‐ and small‐flake MXene simultaneously exhibits outstanding synergistic enhancement in volumetric capacitance (1072 F cm⁻3) and energy density (53.5 mWh cm⁻3). This CNT‐assisted method provides explicit directions for achieving the ideal utilization of MXene, improving the yield of large flakes while making judicious use of waste, to meet specific application needs.
High‐Resolution X‐Ray Imaging of Mn Enhanced Lead‐Free Halide Scintillators in Pixelated Array Structures
Authors: Wang Bing , Ouyang Xiaoping , He Xiaosuo , Deng Zhiliang , Zhou Yifan , Li Pei
Published: May 2023

X‐ray photography plays an important role in the fields of medical treatment, security inspection, and non‐destructive testing. The high image quality depends on X‐ray detectors with excellent properties. To meet the future demand for high‐performance scintillation screens, adding a new luminescent center in Cs3Cu2I5 by doping is considered. The successful incorporation of Mn brought a new luminescence peak at 565 nm. Different excitation modalities such as ultraviolet and X‐rays have the ability to tune luminescence. X‐ray can promote the energy transfer efficiency of self‐trapped excitons and non‐radiative intermediate trap states to doping Mn2+ ions. This results in a higher radioluminescence intensity of a radioluminescence light yield of 65 000 Photons MeV−1. Subsequently, a Cs3Cu2I5: Mn scintillation screen is prepared by anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template. The array channel structure of the AAO template strongly suppresses the internal scintillation light scattering, allowing more scintillation photons to be emitted efficiently. Under the combined effect of Mn‐enhanced radioluminescence properties and AAO template suppressed light scattering, it obtains the lowest detection limit of 49 nGyair s−1. High X‐ray imaging quality has been achieved for circuit boards, beetles, and ball‐point pens and reached a high X‐ray imaging resolution of 11.8 lp mm−1.
Mid‐Infrared Off‐Axis Resonant Mode Hybridization in Amorphous Silicon Sub‐Wavelength Grating Structures
Authors: Krishna A.S. Lal , Biswas Rabindra , Raghunathan Varun
Published: May 2023

In this study, the off‐axis excited guided‐mode resonance (GMR) hybridization is experimentally investigated in one dimensional (1D) partially etched amorphous silicon (a‐Si) subwavelength grating structures operating in the mid‐infrared wavelength range. The 1D dielectric photonic lattice is a promising platform for studying resonance hybridization effects owing to its simple working principle and ease of electromagnetic design, fabrication, and experimental characterization. It is observed that with increasing duty‐cycle of the gratings, the avoided crossing between the coupled GMR branches underwent band‐closure and subsequent band‐flip, resulting in the Friedrich–Wintgen type bound‐states‐in‐the‐continuum (FW‐BICs) transitioning from the upper to the lower GMR branch. On either side of the band closure, the transmission spectra show an interesting electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)‐like resonance, which manifests as a transmission peak within a broad transmission dip with increased electric field concentration near the peak. As a conceptual application of coupled GMRs, differential enhancement of infrared absorption from a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) layer coated on the grating structure with one of the optical resonances aligned to the absorption feature and the other acting as a built‐in reference is demonstrated. The differential transmission contrast is enhanced by more than two orders of magnitude when compared to that of the native PMMA layer.
Templated Nano Electrodeposition: Novel Method for Mass Fabrication of Flexible Plasmonic Metasurfaces
Authors: Zhou Bin , Wen Baohua , Li Guohua , Wu Mingxi , Cai Jingxuan , Zhou Jianhua
Published: May 2023

Flexible plasmonic metasurfaces have attracted considerable attention due to the mechanical flexibility of the metasurface that enables new functions and integrated applications, but the costly fabrication often hinders their further employment. Here, this work proposes a novel method to fabricate large‐area, high‐volume, and cost‐effective flexible plasmonic metasurface aspects through the nanotemplated electrodeposition and imprinting transfer processes, which minimize the fabrication cost without sacrificing their nanophotonic performance. The fabricated plasmonic metasurface has comparable performance in biomolecular detection with those fabricated through conventional methods, which shows the potential employment of the templated fabricated flexible metasurface in medical applications such as point to care and in situ biomolecular detection. Moreover, the low‐cost and low processing parameter requirements of this method will also contribute to many other metasurface‐based nano‐optic applications, including surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence enhancement, and structural colors.
An Efficient Ambient‐Moisture–Driven Wearable Electrical Power Generator
Authors: Maity Debasis , Fussenegger Martin
Published: May 2023

Existing devices for generating electrical power from water vapor in ambient air require high levels of relative humidity (RH), cannot operate for prolonged periods, and provide insufficient output for most practical applications. Here a heterogeneous moisture‐driven electrical power generator (MODEG) is developed in the form of a free‐standing bilayer of polyelectrolyte films, one consisting of a hygroscopic matrix of graphene oxide(GO)/polyaniline(PANI) [(GO)PANI] and the other consisting of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDDA)‐modified fluorinated Nafion (F‐Nafion (PDDA)). One MODEG unit (1 cm2) can deliver a stable open‐circuit output of 0.9 V at 8 µA for more than 10 h with a matching external load. The device works over a wide range of temperature (−20 to +50 °C) and relative humidity (30% to 95% RH). It is shown that series and parallel combinations of MODEG units can directly supply sufficient power to drive commercial electronic devices such as light bulbs, supercapacitors, circuit boards, and screen displays. The (GO)PANI:F‐Nafion (PDDA) hybrid film is embedded in a mask to harvest the energy from exhaled water vapor in human breath under real‐life conditions. The device could consistently generate 450–600 mV during usual breathing, and provides sufficient power to drive medical devices, wearables, and emergency communication.
Changes in soil hydraulic conductivity in sweet potato field with living mulch
Authors: Nishiwaki Junko , Koseki Takuya , Asagi Naomi , Saito Hirotaka , Sidle Roy C.
Published: May 2023

Living mulch (LM) is used in agricultural fields to suppress weeds, control diseases, and mitigate erosion. It also enhances soil nutrient supply at the root death and decay stage during the growing season. However, benefits of LM to soil hydraulic properties related to soil pore structure have not been elaborated here. We focus on temporal changes in soil hydraulic conductivity (K) in a field where sweet potato was grown with and without LM (barley, Hordeum vulgare L.). K was measured in the field using a mini‐disk infiltrometer at three different pressure heads. In the plots with LM, K decreased significantly in August and then increased in October compared to plots without LM (at –0.5 cm pressure head). Changes in soil pore structure due to root growth or death and decay may alter soil hydraulic conductivity.
Molecular Nature of Electrodeposits in Electrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Younus Hussein A. , Ahmad Nazir , Al‐Abri Mohammed , Al‐Hajri Rashid , Zhang Shiguo
Published: May 2023

The molecular nature and the structure of the real catalyst are matters of serious concern in homogeneous catalysis. Catalyst transformation in molecular water oxidation catalysis (WOC) is usually linked to catalyst decomposition with the generation of nanostructured materials. This is mainly due to the operational conditions that are conducive for the formation of metal oxides (MOx), which have a strong affinity for adsorbing onto the electrodes’ surfaces. Recently, the exhibition of the molecular nature of the electrodeposits rather than MOx is a breakthrough in the field of WOC, suggesting that deposits in electrocatalysis are not constrained to metal oxides/hydroxides after molecular catalyst decomposition. Therefore, several points should be considered before deciding whether the deposits are aggregates of a molecular structure or simple metal oxides formed due to the decomposition of the original structure. Thus, the aim of this perspective is to showcase the examples of homogeneous WOCs where metal–organic species are electrodeposited instead of metal oxide‐based catalysts. The transformation of heterogenized molecular catalysts for WO into a more electroactive form while preserving their molecular identity, is also discussed. This summary provides an overview of the molecular nature of electrodeposits, how to identify their presence and decide about their nature.
The Clinical Impact of Electronic Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures in the Remote Monitoring of Inflammatory Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Arumalla Nikita , Chan Chun K. D. , Gibson Mark , Man Yik L. , Adas Maryam A. , Norton Sam , Galloway James B. , Garrood Toby
Published: May 2023

Objective

The inflammatory arthritides (IAs) make up a significant proportion of conditions followed up in rheumatology clinics. These patients require regular monitoring, but this is increasingly difficult with rising patient numbers and demand on clinics. Our objective is to evaluate the clinical impact of electronic patient‐reported outcome measures (ePROMs) as a digital remote‐monitoring intervention on disease activity, treatment decisions, and health care resource use in patients with IA.

Methods

Five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched, with randomized controlled trials and (nonrandomized) controlled clinical trials included, and meta‐analysis and forest plots conducted for each outcome. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias‐2 tool and Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions.

Results

Eight studies were included with a total of 4,473 patients, with seven studies assessing patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Compared with control, the disease activity in the ePROM group was lower (standardized mean difference [SMD] −0.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.27 to −0.03) and rates of remission/low disease activity were higher (odds ratio1.65; 95% CI 1.02–2.68), but five of eight studies provided additional combined interventions (e.g., disease education). Fewer face to face visits were needed in the remote ePROM group (SMD −0.93; 95% CI −2.14–0.28).

Conclusion

Most studies were at high risk of bias with significant heterogeneity in design, but our results suggest there is an advantage in using ePROM monitoring in patients with IAs, with the potential for reduction in health care resource use without detrimental impact in disease outcomes.
Impact of nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth and microcystin‐related gene expression of Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806
Authors: Jafarzadeh Arash , Phan Duc , Kapoor Vikram
Published: May 2023

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have incurred numerous health problems through drinking water or exposure. A better understanding of the growth kinetics and toxin production under different environmental conditions will help develop tools for early‐warning indicators for predicting HABs. Lab‐scale experiments were performed with Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 under varying N:P ratios and temperatures. We observed different growth behaviors for cultures growing at the three temperatures (20, 25, and 30°C). M. aeruginosa exhibited higher growth rates at higher N:P ratios during the incubation at 25 and 30°C. Microcystis 16S rRNA gene abundance correlated well with the cell growth parameters. Based on RT‐qPCR data, the transcripts of mcyA, mcyD, and mcyE were occasionally detected with N:P of 76.86 showing highest detections of all gene transcripts. Intracellular microcystin (MC) production corresponded well with the presence of gene transcripts, while no extracellular MC was detected. These findings would provide valuable insights and beneficial guidance to further explore and predict the impacts of cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater systems.
Association between motoric cognitive risk syndrome and future falls among Chinese community‐dwelling elderly: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Lu Wei‐wei , Liu Bang‐zhong , Lv Min‐zhi , Tu Jin‐kang , Kang Zi‐rui , Hu Rui‐Ping , Zhu Yu‐Lian , Zhang Jian
Published: May 2023

Background

Motoric Cognitive Risk syndrome (MCR), known as the predementia stage, is characterized by both subjective cognitive complaint (SCC) and slow gait. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between MCR, its components, and falls.

Methods

Participants aged ≥ 60 years were selected from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. SCC was determined by participants' responses to the question “How would you rate your memory at present?” with “poor” being the indicative answer. Slow gait was defined as one standard deviation or more below age‐ and gender‐appropriate mean values of gait speed. MCR was identified when both SCC and slow gait were presented. Future falls were investigated by the question “have you fallen down during follow‐up until wave 4 in 2018?” Logistic regression analysis was performed to test the longitudinal association of MCR, its components and future falls during the following 3 years.

Results

Of 3748 samples in this study, the prevalence of MCR, SCC, and slow gait was 5.92%, 33.06%, and 15.21%, respectively. MCR increased the risk of falls during the following 3 years by 66.7% compared to non‐MCR after controlling for covariates. In the fully adjusted models, with the healthy group as reference, MCR (OR = 1.519, 95%CI = 1.086–2.126) and SCC (OR = 1.241, 95%CI = 1.018–1.513), but not slow gait, increased the risk of future falls.

Conclusions

MCR independently predicts future falls risk in the following 3 years. Measuring MCR can be a pragmatic tool for early identification of falls risk.
The Selective Detection of Cyantraniliprole Insecticides Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Coupled with an Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition‐Based Biosensor
Authors: Suwannapattana Preechaya , Kongkaew Manisa , Thongchai Wisanu , Sirasunthorn Nichanun
Published: May 2023

Cyantraniliprole is one of the anthranilic diamide insecticides widely used in the agriculture sector. Due to its low toxicity and relatively fast degradation, there is need for a sensitive determination method for its residues. Nowadays, there is growing interest in the development of enzyme‐based biosensors. The major drawback is the non‐specific binding of many insecticides to the enzyme. This work employs Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) to increase enzyme specificity and eliminate the organic solvent effect on the enzyme activity. The synthesized Cyan‐Molecularly imprinted polymers (Cyan‐MIP) possesses high affinity and selectivity toward cyantraniliprole. Acetylcholinesterase assay characteristics including enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, DTNB concentration, and acetonitrile concentration were optimized. Under optimal experimental conditions, the developed MIP‐Acetylcholinesterase (MIP‐AchE) inhibition‐based sensor provides better precision than the AchE inhibition‐based sensor with a wide linear range (15–50 ppm), limit of detection (LOD) 4.1 ppm, and limit of quantitation (LOQ) 12.6 ppm. The sensor was successfully applied for cyantraniliprole determination in spiked melon, giving satisfactory recoveries.
Reversible Zn/polymer heterogeneous anode
Authors: Xiong Lingyun , Fu Hao , Yang Kai , Kim Ji Young , Ren Ren , Lee Joong Kee , Yang Woochul , Liu Guicheng
Published: May 2023

Commercialization of Zn‐metal anodes with low cost and high theoretical capacity is hindered by the poor reversibility caused by dendrites growth, side reactions, and the slow Zn2+‐transport and reaction kinetics. Herein, a reversible heterogeneous electrode of Zn‐nanocrystallites/polyvinyl‐phosphonic acrylamide (Zn/PPAm) with fast electrochemical kinetics is designed for the first time: phosphonic acid groups with strong polarity and chelation effect ensure structural reversibility and stability of the three‐dimensional Zn‐storage‐host PPAm network and the Zn/PPAm hybrid; hydrophobic carbon chains suppress side reactions such as hydrogen evolution and corrosion; weak electron‐donating amide groups constitute Zn2+‐transport channels and promote “desolvation” and “solvation” effects of Zn2+ by dragging the PPAm network on the Zn‐metal surface to compress/stretch during Zn plating/stripping, respectively; and the heterostructure and Zn nanocrystallites suppress dendrite growth and enhance electrochemical reactivity, respectively. Thus, the Zn/PPAm electrode shows cycle reversibility of over 6000 h with a hysteresis voltage as low as 31 mV in symmetrical cells and excellent durability and flexibility in fiber‐shaped batteries.
A transfer learning approach using improved copula subspace division for multi‐mode fault detection
Authors: Zhou Yang , Jia Li , Zhang Yilan
Published: May 2023

Multi‐mode characteristics of industrial processes are prominent in the area of chemical production due to a diversified market demand. Despite mounting interests in predictive modelling for the optimization of operating conditions in chemical production processes, particularly in the petrochemical industry with multiple feeds and a range of cracking furnaces, targeted solutions that could hold wider applicability are typically hindered by the lack of available data. To overcome the limitation posed by data scarcity, an inductive approach based on transfer learning for fault detection is proposed utilizing copula subspace division (CSD), named TrAdaBoost CSD (TCSD). The proposed TCSD method is based on the probability view to transfer different most similar source samples to target samples. To select the optimal number of source samples, two adaptive indices were proposed and designed to adaptively assign the optimal model training iterations and sample number per iteration. Imbalance in data samples between the target and source datasets was addressed via the adaptive active vine copula‐based probabilistic method. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed TCSD approaches are validated via a numerical example (with the ranges of normalized fault detection and false alarm rates [FDR and FAR] between 0.82–0.94 and 0.01–0.04, respectively), the Tennessee Eastman process (~10% and 2.24% improvement for FDR and FAR, respectively), and the ethylene cracking furnace process (~15% and 8% improvement for FDR and FAR, respectively).
Gliding arc plasma treatment of levofloxacin using experimental design approach
Authors: Trifi Beyram , Marzouk Trifi Ikhlass , Kouass Salah , Zahraa Orfan , Alatrache Abir
Published: May 2023

The degradation of levofloxacin, a pharmaceutical pollutant model has been studied by gliding arc plasma (Glidarc). In this work, a full factorial design was applied to investigate the influence of the operating parameters and their interactions on the degradation yield. This experimental design demonstrates that the electrode–solution distance is the most influential factor followed by the concentration of levofloxacin and the applied voltage. Response surface methodology using Doehlert design was adopted to predict the optimal conditions of the plasma treatment. Results showed that for an applied voltage of 7.2 kV, an electrode–solution distance of 2.7 cm, and an initial concentration of 45.6 mg L−1, the degradation yield reached 52.81 ± 1.19% after 90 min of plasma treatment, which corresponds to an energy yield of 40.1 mg kW−1 h−1. In addition, to develop a cost‐effective system for the degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants, biodegradability of the plasma pretreated solutions was evaluated. Results showed that a readily biodegradable solution was obtained after only 30 min of plasma pretreatment. Hence, the feasibility and the efficiency of coupling plasma to biodegradation processes were confirmed. Moreover, coupling plasma to photocatalysis was carried out and results showed that 45 min of plasma treatment followed by 40 min of photocatalytic treatment achieved 100% degradation that neither the plasma process nor the photocatalysis process can reach alone.
An adaptive semi‐implicit finite element solver for brain cancer progression modeling
Authors: Tzirakis Konstantinos , Papanikas Christos Panagiotis , Sakkalis Vangelis , Tzamali Eleftheria , Papaharilaou Yannis , Caiazzo Alfonso , Stylianopoulos Triantafyllos , Vavourakis Vasileios
Published: May 2023

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and infiltrative glioma, classified as Grade IV, with the poorest survival rate among patients. Accurate and rigorously tested mechanistic in silico modeling offers great value to understand and quantify the progression of primary brain tumors. This paper presents a continuum‐based finite element framework that is built on high performance computing, open‐source libraries to simulate glioblastoma progression. We adopt the established proliferation invasion hypoxia necrosis angiogenesis model in our framework to realize scalable simulations of cancer, and has demonstrated to produce accurate and efficient solutions in both two‐ and three‐dimensional brain models. The in silico solver can successfully implement arbitrary order discretization schemes and adaptive remeshing algorithms. A model sensitivity analysis is conducted to test the impact of vascular density, cancer cell invasiveness and aggressiveness, the phenotypic transition potential, including that of necrosis, and the effect of tumor‐induced angiogenesis in the evolution of glioblastoma. Additionally, individualized simulations of brain cancer progression are carried out using pertinent magnetic resonance imaging data, where the in silico model is used to investigate the complex dynamics of the disease. We conclude by arguing how the proposed framework can deliver patient‐specific simulations of cancer prognosis and how it could bridge clinical imaging with modeling.
Pharmacokinetics of Enarodustat in Non‐Japanese and Japanese Healthy Subjects and in Patients With End‐Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis
Authors: Pai Sudhakar M. , Kambhampati Siva Rama Prasad , Naruhashi Shinya , Yamada Hiroyuki
Published: May 2023

The pharmacokinetics of enarodustat were elucidated in healthy subjects and in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis in phase 1 studies conducted in the United States and Japan. In healthy non‐Japanese and Japanese subjects, following single oral administration up to 400 mg, enarodustat was rapidly absorbed. Maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from the time of dosing to infinity were dose‐dependent, renal excretion of unchanged enarodustat was substantial (on average ≈45% of dose), and mean t1/2 of <10 hours indicated negligible accumulation with once‐daily dosing. In general, with daily dosing (25, 50 mg), accumulation at steady‐state was ≈1.5‐fold (t1/2(eff) ≈15 hours), presumably due to a decrease in renal drug excretion which is not clinically relevant in patients with ESRD. In the single‐ and multiple‐dose studies, plasma clearance (CL/F) was lower in healthy Japanese subjects. In non‐Japanese patients with ESRD on hemodialysis, following once‐daily dosing (2–15 mg), enarodustat was rapidly absorbed, steady‐state maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve during the dosing interval were dose‐dependent, and interindividual variability in the exposure parameters was low‐to‐moderate (coefficient of variation, 27%–39%). Steady‐state CL/F was similar across doses, renal drug excretion was not significant (<10% of dose), mean t1/2 and t1/2(eff) were similar (overall, 8.97–11.6 hours), and accumulation was minimal (≈20%), demonstrating predictable pharmacokinetics. Japanese patients with ESRD on hemodialysis (15 mg, single dose) exhibited similar pharmacokinetics with mean t1/2 of 11.3 hours and low interindividual variability in the exposure parameters, albeit with lower CL/F versus non‐Japanese patients. Body weight‐adjusted clearance values were generally similar in non‐Japanese and Japanese healthy subjects and also in patients with ESRD on hemodialysis.
Do Phenyl Substituents Affect the Properties of Azobenzocrown Derivatives?
Authors: Wagner‐Wysiecka Ewa , Szulc Paulina , Luboch Elżbieta , Chojnacki Jarosław , Laskowska Dominika , Miklaszewska Paulina , Sowiński Paweł
Published: May 2023

New products of photo‐ and thermal rearrangements of 19‐membered azoxybenzocrown with phenyl substituents in benzene rings in the para positions to oligooxyethylene fragments are characterized in this work. The yields of photochemical transformations depend on the solvent. Para‐hydroxyazocrown is formed with yields over 50 % in propan‐2‐ol. Ortho‐hydroxyazobenzocrown is obtained with yields up to 70 % in toluene/acetic acid mixture. Macrocyclic Ph‐20‐ester is obtained in yield 90 % under thermochemical rearrangement conditions. Structure of new hydroxyazobenzocrowns and also atypical product of rearrangements, 20‐membered ester, was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. Azophenol
quinone‐hydrazone tautomeric equilibrium of new hydroxyazobenzocrowns and the influence of metal cations on tautomeric equilibrium was investigated using 1H NMR and UV‐Vis spectroscopy in acetonitrile. The highest value of stability constant (logK 7.25) was obtained for strontium complex of p‐hydroxyazobenzocrown. For the first time p‐hydroxyazobenzocrown was used as a chromoionophore in the receptor layer of an optical sensor. Comparative analysis with data obtained previously for series 19‐membered analogs have shown the influence of the presence of substituents in benzene rings for the course and products distribution of photo and thermal rearrangement. The effect of substituents was also discussed against the tautomeric equilibrium and metal cation complexation properties.
Performance improvement of 36‐slot 6‐terminal induction motor drive using pole phase modulation with higher slot per pole per phase
Authors: Umredkar S. V. , Keshri R. , Borghate V. B. , Renge M. M.
Published: May 2023

Electric vehicles (EVs) are getting imperative with passing time due to depleting fossil fuel resources and worsening pollution scenario. Induction motors (IMs) are a promising alternative to the conventional drive systems due to its inherent advantages. However, an efficient geared operation similar to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles is essential for wider adoption of the IM drive in EVs. Pole phase modulation technique helps achieve variable speed and torque combinations analogous to geared operation in IM. Performance of the IM drive can be improved by altering the stator winding configuration to achieve high slot per pole per phase, lesser leakage reactance, and lower DC link voltages. A single layered distributed winding is proposed in this work to achieve the above objectives. The proposed winding is first simulated using Maxwell‐2D and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) that are performed to understand the performance characteristics of IM drive with proposed winding scheme. The hardware implementation of the similar setup is done, and the tests are carried out to validate the simulation results. A 3HP, 36‐slot, 6‐terminal IM was fabricated for this purpose which was fed by the microcontroller based 6‐leg inverter for stator winding excitation. This helps to achieve low pole (6‐phase/2‐pole) and high pole (3‐phase/4‐pole) modes of operation to simulate a 2‐geared ICE performance. The study proved that high torque driving requirements can be fulfilled by a low pole operation while cruising requirements are met with a high pole operation. It also showed that the constant power region increases along with the efficiency contours plotted against the torque‐speed characteristics.
Genetic variants influenced the risk of bleeding and pharmacodynamics of rivaroxaban in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: A multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors: Xiang Qian , Wang Zhe , Mu Guangyan , Xie Qiufen , Liu Zhiyan , Zhou Shuang , Zhang Hanxu , Wang Zining , Jiang Jie , Hu Kun , Zhang Yatong , Zhao Zinan , Yuan Dongdong , Guo Liping , Wu Tingting , Zhang Jinhua , Wang Na , Xiang Jing , Gu Zhichun , Sun Jianjun , Cui Yimin
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Individual variability of rivaroxaban was observed in clinical application. This study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with the variability of pharmacodynamics and bleeding risk of rivaroxbaban in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).

Materials and Methods

From June 2017, and July 2019, this study enrolled 257 patients with NVAF receiving rivaroxaban. Pharmacodynamics was assessed by determining anti‐Factor Xa (anti‐FXa) level 3 h after rivaroxaban administration as peak concentration. Whole‐exome sequencing was performed to detected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This study was registered (NCT03161496).

Results

The bleeding events within 12 months were significantly related to the peak anti‐FXa level (p = .027). SUSD3 rs76292544 was associated with 12‐month bleeding events (odds ratio [OR]: 4.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.17–8.14, p = 6.43×10−5). Five SNPs including NCMAP rs4553122 (p = 2.29×10−5), PRF1 rs885821 (p = 7.02×10−5), PRKAG2 rs12703159 (p = 7.97×10−5), PRKAG2 rs13224758 (p = 8.70×10−5), and POU2F3 rs2298579 (p = 8.24×10−5) were associated with peak anti‐FXa level. Genetic variants of 52 SNPs from 36 genes including GOT2 rs14221 and MMP13 rs640198 were potentially related to 12‐month bleeding events caused by rivaroxaban's efficacy.

Conclusions

Peak anti‐FXa level was associated with risk of bleeding events in patients with NVAF receiving rivaroxaban. SUSD3 rs76292544 was suggestively associated with 12‐month bleeding events and five SNPs (NCMAP rs4553122, PRF1 rs885821, PRKAG2 rs12703159, rs13224758 and POU2F3 rs2298579) were suggestively associated with peak anti‐FXa level.
Opportunistic consumption of coral spawn by the ruby brittle star (Ophioderma rubicundum)
Authors: Williamson Olivia M. , Mustard Alexander T. , Bright Allan J. , Williams Dana E. , Ladd Mark C. , Baker Andrew C.
Published: May 2023

Many reef invertebrates reproduce through simultaneous broadcast spawning, with an apparent advantage of overwhelming potential predators and maximizing propagule survival. Although reef fish have been observed to consume coral gamete bundles during spawning events, there are few records of such predation by benthic invertebrates. Here, we document several instances of the ruby brittle star, Ophioderma rubicundum, capturing and consuming egg‐sperm bundles of the mountainous star coral, Orbicella faveolata, and the symmetrical brain coral, Pseudodiploria strigosa, during spawning events in the Cayman Islands in 2012 and the Florida Keys in 2022. These observations are widely separated in space and time (>600 km, 10 years), suggesting that this behavior may be prevalent on western Atlantic reefs. Since O. rubicundum spawns on the same or subsequent nights as these coral species, we hypothesize that this opportunistic feeding behavior takes advantage of lipid‐rich coral gamete bundles to recover energy reserves expended by the brittle star during gametogenesis. The consumption of coral gametes by adult brittle stars suggests an underexplored trophic link between reef invertebrates and also provides evidence that ophiuroid–coral symbioses may oscillate between commensalism and parasitism depending on the ontogeny and reproductive status of both animals. Our observations provide insights into the nuanced, dynamic associations between coral reef invertebrates and may have implications for coral reproductive success and resilience.
Assessing risk for butterflies in the context of climate change, demographic uncertainty, and heterogeneous data sources
Authors: Forister Matthew L. , Grames Eliza M. , Halsch Christopher A. , Burls Kevin J. , Carroll Cas F. , Bell Katherine L. , Jahner Joshua P. , Bradford Taylor A. , Zhang Jing , Cong Qian , Grishin Nick V. , Glassberg Jeffrey , Shapiro Arthur M. , Riecke Thomas V.
Published: May 2023

Ongoing declines in insect populations have led to substantial concern and calls for conservation action. However, even for relatively well studied groups, like butterflies, information relevant to species‐specific status and risk is scattered across field guides, the scientific literature, and agency reports. Consequently, attention and resources have been spent on a minuscule fraction of insect diversity, including a few well studied butterflies. Here we bring together heterogeneous sources of information for 396 butterfly species to provide the first regional assessment of butterflies for the 11 western US states. For 184 species, we use monitoring data to characterize historical and projected trends in population abundance. For another 212 species (for which monitoring data are not available, but other types of information can be collected), we use exposure to climate change, development, geographic range, number of host plants, and other factors to rank species for conservation concern. A phylogenetic signal is apparent, with concentrations of declining and at‐risk species in the families Lycaenidae and Hesperiidae. A geographic bias exists in that many species that lack monitoring data occur in the more southern states where we expect that impacts of warming and drying trends will be most severe. Legal protection is rare among the taxa with the highest risk values: of the top 100 species, one is listed as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act and one is a candidate for listing. Among the many taxa not currently protected, we highlight a short list of species in decline, including Vanessa annabella, Thorybes mexicanus, Euchloe ausonides, and Pholisora catullus. Notably, many of these species have broad geographic ranges, which perhaps highlights a new era of insect conservation in which small or fragmented ranges will not be the only red flags that attract conservation attention.