bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Genes Encoding for the Transient Outward Current (Ito) Identifies the
KCND2
Gene as a Cause of J-Wave Syndrome Associated With Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Perrin Mark J. , Adler Arnon , Green Sharon , Al-Zoughool Foad , Doroshenko Petro , Orr Nathan , Uppal Shaheen , Healey Jeff S. , Birnie David , Sanatani Shubhayan , Gardner Martin , Champagne Jean , Simpson Chris , Ahmad Kamran , van den Berg Maarten P. , Chauhan Vijay , Backx Peter H. , van Tintelen J. Peter , Krahn Andrew D. , Gollob Michael H.
Published: September 2014

Background—

J-wave ECG patterns are associated with an increased risk of sudden arrhythmic death, and experimental evidence supports a transient outward current (I
to
)-mediated mechanism of J-wave formation. This study aimed to determine the frequency of genetic mutations in genes encoding the I
to
in patients with J waves on ECG.

Methods and Results—

Comprehensive mutational analysis was performed on I
to
-encoding
KCNA4
,
KCND2
, and
KCND3
genes, as well as the previously described J-wave–associated
KCNJ8
gene, in 51 unrelated patients with ECG evidence defining a J-wave syndrome. Only patients with a resuscitated cardiac arrest or type 1 Brugada ECG pattern were included for analysis. A rare genetic mutation of the
KCND2
gene, p.D612N, was identified in a single patient. Co-expression of mutant and wild-type
KCND2
with
KChIP2
in HEK293 cells demonstrated a gain-of-function phenotype, including an increase in peak I
to
density of 48% (
P
<0.05) in the heterozygous state. Using computer modeling, this increase in I
to
resulted in loss of the epicardial action potential dome, predicting an increased ventricular transmural I
to
gradient. The previously described
KCNJ8
-S422L mutation was not identified in this cohort of patients with ECG evidence of J-wave syndrome.

Conclusions—

These findings are the first to implicate the
KCND2
gene as a novel cause of J-wave syndrome associated with sudden cardiac arrest. However, genetic defects in I
to
-encoding genes seem to be an uncommon cause of sudden cardiac arrest in patients with apparent J-wave syndromes.
Loss of One Copy of Zfp148 Reduces Lesional Macrophage Proliferation and Atherosclerosis in Mice by Activating p53
Authors: Sayin Volkan I. , Khan Omar M. , Pehlivanoglu Lara E. , Staffas Anna , Ibrahim Mohamed X. , Asplund Annika , Ågren Pia , Nilton Anna , Bergström Göran , Bergo Martin O. , Borén Jan , Lindahl Per
Published: September 2014

Rationale:

Cell proliferation and cell cycle control mechanisms are thought to play central roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The transcription factor Zinc finger protein 148 (Zfp148) was shown recently to maintain cell proliferation under oxidative conditions by suppressing p53, a checkpoint protein that arrests proliferation in response to various stressors. It is established that inactivation of p53 accelerates atherosclerosis, but whether increased p53 activation confers protection against the disease remains to be determined.

Objective:

We aimed to test the hypothesis that
Zfp148
deficiency reduces atherosclerosis by unleashing p53 activity.

Methods and Results:

Mice harboring a gene-trap mutation in the
Zfp148
locus (
Zfp148
gt/+
) were bred onto the apolipoprotein E (
Apoe
)
–/–
genetic background and fed a high-fat or chow diet. Loss of 1 copy of
Zfp148
markedly reduced atherosclerosis without affecting lipid metabolism. Bone marrow transplantation experiments revealed that the effector cell is of hematopoietic origin. Peritoneal macrophages and atherosclerotic lesions from
Zfp148
gt/+
Apoe
–/–
mice showed increased levels of phosphorylated p53 compared with controls, and atherosclerotic lesions contained fewer proliferating macrophages.
Zfp148
gt/+
Apoe
–/–
mice were further crossed with p53-null mice (
Trp53
–/–
[the gene encoding p53]). There was no difference in atherosclerosis between
Zfp148
gt/+
Apoe
–/–
mice and controls on a
Trp53
+/–
genetic background, and there was no difference in levels of phosphorylated p53 or cell proliferation.

Conclusions:

Zfp148
deficiency increases p53 activity and protects against atherosclerosis by causing proliferation arrest of lesional macrophages, suggesting that drugs targeting macrophage proliferation may be useful in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Short‐Term Change in eGFR and Risk of Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Turin Tanvir Chowdhury , James Matthew T. , Jun Min , Tonelli Marcello , Coresh Joseph , Manns Braden J. , Hemmelgarn Brenda R.
Published: September 2014

Background

Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (
eGFR
) on a single occasion is associated with risk of cardiovascular events; whether the degree of change in
eGFR
during a 1‐year period adds prognostic information is unknown.

Methods and Results

We included adults who had ≥2 outpatient
eGFR
measurements (≥6 months apart) during a 1‐year accrual period in Alberta, Canada. According to recent guidelines, we used a change in
eGFR
category (≥90, 60 to 89, 45 to 59, 30 to 44, 15 to 29, and <15 
mL
/min per 1.73 m
2
), and the presence/absence of a ≥25% change from baseline to classify participants into 5 groups: certain drop, uncertain drop, stable (no change), uncertain rise, and certain rise. We calculated adjusted rates of cardiovascular events (per 10 000 person‐years) for each group. We estimated the adjusted risks of cardiovascular events associated with each category of change in
eGFR
, in reference to stable kidney function. Among the 526 388 participants, 76.1% (n=400 560) had stable, 2.6% (n=13 668) had a certain drop, and 3.3% (n=17 499) had a certain rise in
eGFR
. Compared with participants with stable kidney function, adjusted risks of myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke were 27%, 51%, and 20% higher, respectively, for those with a certain drop in kidney function. After adjusting for the last
eGFR
at the end of the accrual period, the observed association diminished.

Conclusion

Clinically relevant changes in
eGFR
are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, most of the apparent increase in risk can be accounted for by assessing comorbidity and baseline kidney function.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Process of Care and Outcomes Among Patients Hospitalized With Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Xian Ying , Holloway Robert G. , Smith Eric E. , Schwamm Lee H. , Reeves Mathew J. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Schulte Phillip J. , Cox Margueritte , Olson DaiWai M. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Lytle Barbara L. , Anstrom Kevin J. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Peterson Eric D.
Published: September 2014

Background and Purpose—

Although racial/ethnic differences in care are pervasive in many areas of medicine, little is known whether intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) care processes or outcomes differ by race/ethnicity.

Methods—

We analyzed 123 623 patients with ICH (83 216 white, 22 147 black, 10 519 Hispanic, and 7741 Asian) hospitalized at 1199 Get With The Guidelines-Stroke hospitals between 2003 and 2012. Multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equation was used to evaluate the association among race, stroke performance measures, and in-hospital outcomes.

Results—

Relative to white patients, black, Hispanic, and Asian patients were significantly younger, but more frequently had more severe stroke (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, 9, 10, 10, and 11, respectively;
P
<0.001). After adjustment for both patient and hospital-level characteristics, black patients were more likely to receive deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis, rehabilitation assessment, dysphagia screening, and stroke education, but less likely to have door to computed tomographic time ≤25 minutes and smoking cessation counseling than whites. Both Hispanic and Asian patients had higher odds of dysphagia screening but lower odds of smoking cessation counseling. In-hospital all-cause mortality was lower for blacks (23.0%), Hispanics (22.8%), and Asians (25.3%) than for white patients (27.6%). After risk adjustment, all minority groups had lower odds of death, of receiving comfort measures only or of being discharged to hospice. In contrast, they were more likely to exceed the median length of stay when compared with white patients.

Conclusions—

Although individual quality indicators in ICH varied by race/ethnicity, black, Hispanic, and Asian patients with ICH had lower risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality than white patients with ICH.
A new species of the genus Glyptelasma Pilsbry (Cirripedia, Thoracica, Poecilasmatidae) from deep waters in the South China Sea
Authors: Sha Zhongli , Sha Zhongli , Ren Xianqiu
Published: September 2014

A new species of deep-water barnacle belonging to the family Poecilasmatidae is described from the South China Sea.Glyptelasma dentatumsp. nov. differs from its congeners in having an inwardly projecting tooth on either side of the internal median concavity of the basally expanded margins of the carina. Information on distribution and a key to the world’s species ofGlyptelasmaare provided.
Taxonomic revision of Neodiogmites Carrera, 1949 (Diptera, Asilidae)
and description of two new species
Authors: ALVIM EDGAR , ALE-ROCHA ROSALY , BRAVO FREDDY
Published: September 2014

Neodiogmites Carrera, 1949, a rare Neotropical genus of Asilidae, is revised and divided into three species groups: (1) the melanogaster group, including N. carrerai Artigas & Papavero, N. melanogaster (Wiedemann, 1821), N. tenebrosus Carrera and N. carolindae sp. nov.; (2) the alexanderi group, including N. atriapex (Carrera & Papavero), N. alexanderi (Carrera), N. mixtus (Carrera), N. modestus (Carrera) reval., N. niger (Carrera) and N. papaveroi sp. nov.; and (3) the lanei group including N. lanei (Carrera) and N. tauauna Artigas & Papavero. A key to the 12 species is included, species distributions are summarized, and two new species are described and illustrated.
A new and a rare species of Chydorus Leach, 1816 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda) from Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam
Authors: SINEV ARTEM Y.
Published: September 2014

The present study of cladocera of the genus Chydorus from South Vietnam revealed a new species, C. idrisi sp. nov. and a rare species, C. breviceps (Stingelin, 1905). C. idrisi sp. nov. belongs to the C. eurynotus Sars, 1901 group, characterized by small labral plate with rounded tip and by absence of honeycomb sculpture on the valves. C. idrisi sp. nov. differs from other species of the group by the sculpture of valves, morphology of rostrum, postabdominal claw, inner distal lobe of first thoracic limb and male postabdomen. Morphology of C. breviceps was studied for the first time. C. breviceps has only one major head pore, and differs from the majority of Chydorus species by numerous other characters. Taxonomic position of studied species is discussed.
The Pselaphinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of Madagascar. III. Additional description of Andasibe sahondrae Hlaváč & Baňař, 2012 based on males
Authors: BAŇAŘ PETR , HLAVÁČ Peter
Published: September 2014

An additional description of Andasibe sahondrae Hlaváč & Baňař, 2012 is given due to the discovery of male, male terminalia and sexual dimorphism are described. Distribution of the species is illustrated.
A new genus and species of Delphacini (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) from Argentina
Authors: LENICOV A. M. MARINO DE REMES , VARELA G.
Published: September 2014

A new genus of Delphacini is described from Argentina, Pyrophagus Remes Lenicov gen. n., with one new species, P. tigrinus Remes Lenicov & Varela sp. n. The new species, distributing over a wide cultivated area of Northwestern and Central Argentina and recently confirmed as a vector of MRCV (Rio Cuarto maize virus) in experimental conditions, is one of the most frequently found delphacid species on wheat, oat, maize, triticale, rye, barley and wild Gramineae. The main diagnostic features of the new genus and species are described and illustrated, and information on the host plants, geographical distribution and vector capacity of the new species is provided.
From the “Ivory Tower” to the “University of the Poor”
Authors: Schoorman Dilys
Published: September 2014

Adopting a Freirean perspective, the purpose of this autoethnography is to reframe the typical relationship between university educators and communities in poverty by highlighting the educative impact of such a community on a university professor’s academic, cross-cultural critical and civic learning. By reframing communities in poverty as sources of learning for counter-hegemonic praxis, this article highlights how community engagement facilitates the authentic understanding of critical pedagogy, the rethinking of curriculum development, deeper critical awareness of the mechanisms by which privilege and marginalization are perpetuated, and opportunities to learn how some of these processes might be interrupted through meaningful university–community partnership.
Is This Work Sustainable? Teacher Turnover and Perceptions of Workload in Charter Management Organizations
Authors: Torres A. Chris
Published: September 2014

An unsustainable workload is considered the primary cause of teacher turnover at Charter Management Organizations (CMOs), yet most reports provide anecdotal evidence to support this claim. This study uses 2010-2011 survey data from one large CMO and finds that teachers’ perceptions of workload are significantly associated with decisions to leave across schools and teachers. About 1 out of 3 teachers who rated their workload “unmanageable” left their school compared with 1 in 10 who did not rate their workload unmanageable. However, controlling for perceptions of leadership and professional growth, workload was no longer associated with turnover. Accounting for measures of working conditions across schools and teachers, perceptions of the CMO’s student disciplinary systems were the only significant predictor of turnover.
Influence of Superior Laryngeal Nerve Injury on Glottal Configuration/Function of Thyroidectomy‐Induced Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
Authors: De Virgilio Armando , Chang Ming‐Hong , Jiang Rong‐San , Wang Ching‐Ping , Wu Shang‐Heng , Liu Shih‐An , Wang Chen‐Chi
Published: September 2014

Objective

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury may induce unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). During thyroidectomy, the most common cause of UVFP, the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN), is also at risk of injury. In the literature, the influence of SLN injury on glottal configuration and function in patients with UVFP remains controversial. The present study investigates SLN injury influence on glottal configuration and function in patients with UVFP after thyroidectomy.

Study Design

Prospective controlled study.

Setting

Tertiary medical center.

Subjects and Methods

The SLN and RLN function of 34 patients with UVFP after thyroidectomy was determined by laryngeal electromyography. The subjects were dichotomized into the isolated RLN injury group (n = 26) or the concurrent SLN/RLN injury group (n = 8). We evaluated glottal angle and paralyzed vocal fold shape during inspiration, normalized glottal gap area, and glottal shape during phonation. The glottal function measurements included voice acoustic and aerodynamic analyses and the Voice Handicap Index. The aforementioned parameters of the RLN and concurrent SLN/RLN injury groups were compared.

Results

There were no statistical differences in glottal configuration such as glottal angle, paralyzed vocal fold shape, normalized glottal gap area, and glottal shape between the RLN and concurrent SLN/RLN injury groups. There were also no significant differences in other glottal function analyses including fundamental frequency, mean airflow rate, phonation quotient, maximal phonation time, and Voice Handicap Index.

Conclusion

In the present study, we did not find any evidence that SLN injury could significantly influence the glottal configuration and function in patients with UVFP.
Exploring the Process of Global Citizen Learning and the Student Mind-Set
Authors: Lilley Kathleen , Barker Michelle , Harris Neil
Published: September 2014

Increasingly, university and employer discourse identify a need for graduates to have an intellectual and global “mind-set” beyond disciplinary competencies and national boundaries. Universities aiming to educate global citizens show limited outcomes. Global citizen research has investigated the mobility experience, yet limited attention has been paid to the theoretical process of student change to inform how domestic students could engage in comparable learning experiences. The purpose of this study was to expand knowledge on the process of global citizen learning and the student mind-set. Two phases of research gathered in-depth information from international higher education key informants and mobility students. The research resulted in a conceptual model for global citizen learning and an “identikit” of recognizable markers for a global citizen disposition. The model identifies facilitators and manifestations of “student change” and identifies reflexivity, relationality, criticality, and the social imaginary as capacities of global mind-set. These findings suggest that educating all students as global citizens could be more closely aligned to the internationalization of education and employability agendas.
Monocytic cell differentiation from band-stage neutrophils under inflammatory conditions via MKK6 activation
Authors: Köffel René , Meshcheryakova Anastasia , Warszawska Joanna , Hennig Annika , Wagner Karin , Jörgl Almut , Gubi Daniela , Moser Doris , Hladik Anastasiya , Hoffmann Ulrike , Fischer Michael B. , van den Berg Wim , Koenders Marije , Scheinecker Clemens , Gesslbauer Bernhard , Knapp Sylvia , Strobl Herbert
Published: September 2014

Key Points

Our study delineates a signaling pathway and molecular mechanism that band-stage neutrophils acquire to gain monocytic characteristics. Band-stage neutrophils from G-CSF–mobilized blood differentiate into monocytic cells upon recruitment to inflammatory sites.
Silver(I)-directed growth of metal-organic complex nanocrystals with bidentate ligands of hydroquinine anthraquinone-1,4-diyl diethers as linkers at the water-chloroform interface
Authors: Tang Ying , Wang Hui-Ting , Chen Meng , Qian Dong-Jin , Zhang Li , Liu Minghua
Published: September 2014

Immiscible liquid-liquid interfaces provide unique double phase regions for the design and construction of nanoscale materials. Here, we reported Ag(I)-directed growth of metal-organic complex nanocrystals by using AgNO3 as a connector in the aqueous solution and bidentate ligand of 1,4-bis(9-O-dihydroquininyl)anthraquinone [(DHQ)2AQN] and its enantiomer of (DHQD)2AQN in the chloroform solutions as linkers. The Ag-(DHQ)2AQN and Ag-(DHQD)2AQN complex nanocrystals were formed at the liquid-liquid interfaces and characterized by using UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as by using scanning electron microscopy. Screw-like nanocrystals were formed at the initial 30 min after the interfacial coordination reaction started, then they grew into nanorods after several days, and finally became cubic microcrystals after 2 weeks. The pure ligand showed two emission bands centered at about 363 and 522 nm in the methanol solution, the second one of which was quenched and shifted to about 470 nm in the Ag-complex nanocrystals. Two couples of reversible redox waves were recorded for the Ag-complex nanocrystals; one centered at about -0.25 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) was designated to one electron transfer process of Ag - (DHQ)2AQN and Ag - (DHQ)2AQN+, and the other one centered at about 0.2 V was designated to one electron transfer process of Ag - (DHQ)2AQN and Ag+ - (DHQ)2AQN.
Methodology and demographics of a single blinded, randomized controlled trial of chiropractic compared to physical therapy for balance impairments in community dwelling geriatric patients with or without low back pain
Authors: Enix Dennis E , Sudkamp Kasey L , Malmstrom Theodore K , Flaherty Joseph H
Published: September 2014

Background

Postural control problems effect between 28% and 35% of individuals over the age 65 and increases with age. Musculoskeletal pain in the elderly impacts 20% to 49% of people between the ages of 65 and 75, is a leading falls risk factor, and a robust predictor of morbidity. Polypharmacy in the management of chronic pain is common in the geriatric population. Conservative treatment options for balance and back pain are underrepresented in scientific literature.

Methods

The methods and demographics for a prospective, randomized controlled single blinded clinical trial are described. This study evaluated the use of either chiropractic care or physical therapy as a treatment for patients with balance problems and with low back pain (68.5%) or without low back pain (31.5%) in the geriatric population. One hundred and sixty eight consecutively enrolled community dwelling adults between 60 and 85 years old (72.8 +/- 6.8) were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of either chiropractic care or physical therapy (12 - 18 visits). Testing occurred prior to randomization, after 6 weeks of treatment, and again 6 weeks later. Functional and self-report outcome measures for balance included the Berg Balance Scale, Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment, Timed Up and Go Test, and NeuroCom balance tests. Pain was assessed with the Visual Analog Scale, 21-Point Box Scale, and pressure algometry. Quality of life healthcare questionnaires included the Oswestry, the SF-36, and the Falls Efficacy Scale for confidence in performing everyday activities. Data analysis for this intent-to-treat design was a mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p < 0.05) and Bonferroni correction (p < 0.017 and p < 0.025). This study was set in a university biomedical and healthcare research facility and university ethics committee approval was obtained and written informed consent was given by all study participants.

Conclusion

The methodology of this multimodal treatment protocol for balance disorders and low back pain in the geriatric population and patient demographics are described in this paper. Additional research in this area is needed for this growing at risk population.

Trial registration

NCT02031562.
Disruption of insulin signalling affects the neuroendocrine stress reaction in Drosophila females
Authors: Rauschenbach Inga Yu. , Karpova Evgenia K. , Adonyeva Natalya V. , Andreenkova Olga V. , Faddeeva Natalya V. , Burdina Elena K. , Alekseev Alexander A. , Menshanov Petr N. , Gruntenko Nataly E.
Published: September 2014

Juvenile hormone (JH) and dopamine are involved in the stress response in insects. The insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway has also recently been found to be involved in the regulation of various processes, including stress tolerance. However, the relationships among the JH, dopamine and insulin signalling pathways remain unclear. Here, we study the role of insulin signalling in the regulation of JH and dopamine metabolism under normal and heat stress conditions in Drosophila melanogaster females. We show that suppression of the insulin-like receptor (InR) in the corpus allatum, a specialised endocrine gland that synthesises JH, causes an increase in dopamine level and JH-hydrolysing activity and alters the activities of enzymes that produce as well as those that degrade dopamine (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine-dependent arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (DAT)). We also found that InR suppression in the corpus allatum modulates dopamine, ALP, TH and JH-hydrolysing activity in response to heat stress and that it decreases the fecundity of the flies. JH application restores dopamine metabolism and fecundity in females with decreased InR expression in the corpus allatum. Our data provide evidence that the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway regulates dopamine metabolism in females of D. melanogaster via the system of JH metabolism and that it affects the development of the neuroendocrine stress reaction and interacts with JH in the control of reproduction in this species.
DataUp: A tool to help researchers describe and share tabular data
Authors: Strasser Carly , Kunze John , Abrams Stephen , Cruse Patricia
Published: September 2014

Scientific datasets have immeasurable value, but they lose their value over time without proper documentation, long-term storage, and easy discovery and access. Across disciplines as diverse as astronomy, demography, archeology, and ecology, large numbers of small heterogeneous datasets (i.e., the long tail of data) are especially at risk unless they are properly documented, saved, and shared. One unifying factor for many of these at-risk datasets is that they reside in spreadsheets.

In response to this need, the California Digital Library (CDL) partnered with Microsoft Research Connections and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to create the DataUp data management tool for Microsoft Excel. Many researchers creating these small, heterogeneous datasets use Excel at some point in their data collection and analysis workflow, so we were interested in developing a data management tool that fits easily into those work flows and minimizes the learning curve for researchers.

The DataUp project began in August 2011. We first formally assessed the needs of researchers by conducting surveys and interviews of our target research groups: earth, environmental, and ecological scientists. We found that, on average, researchers had very poor data management practices, were not aware of data centers or metadata standards, and did not understand the benefits of data management or sharing. Based on our survey results, we composed a list of desirable components and requirements and solicited feedback from the community to prioritize potential features of the DataUp tool. These requirements were then relayed to the software developers, and DataUp was successfully launched in October 2012.
ReactomeFIViz: a Cytoscape app for pathway and network-based data analysis
Authors: Wu Guanming , Dawson Eric , Duong Adrian , Haw Robin , Stein Lincoln
Published: September 2014

High-throughput experiments are routinely performed in modern biological studies. However, extracting meaningful results from massive experimental data sets is a challenging task for biologists. Projecting data onto pathway and network contexts is a powerful way to unravel patterns embedded in seemingly scattered large data sets and assist knowledge discovery related to cancer and other complex diseases. We have developed a Cytoscape app called “ReactomeFIViz”, which utilizes a highly reliable gene functional interaction network combined with human curated pathways derived from Reactome and other pathway databases. This app provides a suite of features to assist biologists in performing pathway- and network-based data analysis in a biologically intuitive and user-friendly way. Biologists can use this app to uncover network and pathway patterns related to their studies, search for gene signatures from gene expression data sets, reveal pathways significantly enriched by genes in a list, and integrate multiple genomic data types into a pathway context using probabilistic graphical models. We believe our app will give researchers substantial power to analyze intrinsically noisy high-throughput experimental data to find biologically relevant information.
Pandemic 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients; a multicenter observational study.
Authors: Dignani Maria Cecilia , Costantini Patricia , Salgueira Claudia , Jordán Rosana , Guerrini Graciela , Valledor Alejandra , Herrera Fabián , Nenna Andrea , Mora Claudia , Roccia-Rossi Inés , Stecher Daniel , Carbone Edith , Laborde Ana , Efron Ernesto , Altclas Javier , Calmaggi Aníbal , Cozzi José
Published: September 2014

Background: During March 2009 a novel Influenza A virus emerged in Mexico. We describe the clinical picture of the pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Influenza in cancer patients during the 2009 influenza season.

Methods: Twelve centers participated in a multicenter retrospective observational study of cancer patients with confirmed infection with the 2009 H1N1 Influenza A virus (influenza-like illness or pneumonia plus positive PCR for the 2009 H1N1 Influenza A virus  in respiratory secretions). Clinical data were obtained by retrospective chart review and analyzed. 

Results: From May to August 2009, data of 65 patients were collected. Median age was 51 years, 57 % of the patients were female. Most patients (47) had onco-hematological cancers and 18 had solid tumors. Cancer treatment mainly consisted of chemotherapy (46), or stem cell transplantation (SCT) (16). Only 19 of 64 patients had received the 2009 seasonal Influenza vaccine. Clinical presentation included pneumonia (43) and upper respiratory tract infection (22). Forty five of 58 ambulatory patients were admitted. Mechanical ventilation was required in 12 patients (18%). Treatment included oseltamivir monotherapy or in combination with amantadine for a median of 7 days. The global 30-day mortality rate was 18%. All 12 deaths were among the non-vaccinated patients. No deaths were observed among the 19 vaccinated patients. Oxygen saturation <96% at presentation was a predictor of mortality (OR 19.5; 95%CI: 2.28 to 165.9).

Conclusions: In our cancer patient population, the pandemic 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) virus was associated with high incidence of pneumonia (66%), and 30-day mortality (18.5%). Saturation <96% was significantly associated with death. No deaths were observed among vaccinated patients.
Supplementary Education Center as a Multifunctional Centre for Applied Qualifications Oriented at the Regional Market Needs
Authors: Пахомова  , Pakhomova E. , Лаптева  , Lapteva I. , Липатова  , Lipatova S. , Сафонов  , Safonov V. , Кропочев  , Kropochev V.
Published: September 2014

Based on theoretic and practical aspects, the authors feature how the Supplementary Education Center operates as a center for developing applied

qualifications oriented at the regional labor market needs.
Classifying Skills for Development of the 5th–6th-Classes Students’ Mathematical Capabilities Within the Numeric Line Format
Authors: Виситаева  , Visitaeva Maret
Published: September 2014

The author has developed the method to classify skills, underpinning mathematical capabilities development among the 5th–6th-classes students, which

facilitate studying mathematics for the numeric line. The classification consists of two blocks, separately for basic and for advanced study, namely:

familiarity with the basic skills and methods for general learning activities; familiarity with methods of creative learning activity; operating with decimal

numeric system, with numerical and literal expressions, with common fractions, decimal fractions, positive and negative numbers, percents, arithmetic

mean), having skills to identify divisibility and skills to solve equations.
ON CORRECTNESS OF BAYES FORMULA
Authors: Dolgov Alexander Ivanovich
Published: September 2014

The inadmissibility of the comparison and cooperative processing of the conditional probabilities calculated with the use of the known variations of Bayes formula considering a well-defined amount of the accumulated evidences is established. This statement is justified as follows. Due to the unequal normalization, the results leading to the conclusions mismatching the probability-theoretical law are obtained. The examples of the concrete initial data show that in the case of using the traditional formulas, the multiplicative effect is missing: reducing the posteriori conditional probabilities of each of the hypotheses under the multiplicative accumulating evidences is unfeasible. The Bayesian formula modifications are offered. They provide a well-defined quantity of sequentially accumulated evidences constructed through the common divisor which is equal to the sum of the values of all normalizable probabilities liable to comparison or cooperative processing. In contrast to the well-known formulas, due to the correct normalization, the results significantly more adequate to the initial statistics are obtained.
ON PERSONNEL TRAINING FOR PASSENGER ROPEWAYS
Authors: Korotkiy Anatoly Arkadyevich , Ivanov Boris Fedorovich , Panfilov, Alexey Victorovich , Yegelskaya Elena Vladimirovna
Published: September 2014

The need to formulate accurate requirements for the training organizations engaged in training the service personnel for passenger ropeways (PRW), and pre-certification training on the industrial safety of the ropeways is identified. “A model PRW employee” is presented. It reflects the skills and professional level of an employee, his intellectual potential capacity required under current conditions taking into account the requirements of Rostekhnadzor. The prospects for applying the distance learning methods using the information and communication technologies to significantly reduce the cost of training are identified. Thus, the training time can be distributed more reasonably; the efficiency of the expertise formation increases. The program “Inforesurs-Certification” which has a number of competitive advantages is proposed and analyzed. In particular, it can help employees of the enterprises far removed from the training center passing the pre-certification training. At this, one can work with the program at any time using any device (laptop, tablet PC, smartphone, etc.). The training material retention level increases. The opportunity of regular communication with a tutor or a supervisor (mobile telephony, emailing), and an adequate control contribute to it. This cuts the on-job training time and significantly decreases its cost.
MODIFICATION OF GAS-THERMAL COATINGS THROUGH СО2 LASER IMPACT
Authors: Mitrofanov Andrey Anatolyevich , Chaschin Evgeny Anatolyevich , Balashova Svetlana Alexandrovna , Kharakhashev Andrey Khachekhparovich
Published: September 2014

The research results on determining the dependence of gas-thermal coating porosity on the laser radiation parameters are presented. At the first stage of solving the problem, on the basis of the analytical relationships, laser impact on the surface layers of the gas-thermal coating is described. Here, its discontinuity caused by the occurrence of open and closed pores is recognized. It is shown that for reducing the coating porosity under the laser impact, the coating surface temperature is to be set in the range of “fusion point-boiling point”. A temperature rise above this range caused by the radiation intensity increase leads to evaporation of surface coating layers through its complete removal in the heat effected zone. At the second stage, field research is conducted: pre-sprayed gas-thermal coatings of two types are processed by laser. The coatings based on the metallic (PN-85-U-15) and non-metallic (Al2O3) components are studied. The porosity modification is evaluated quantitatively using the image processing program developed in Visual Studio 2008 by pixel comparison of microstructure of the area occupied by pores and the coating material. It is established that the laser impact leads to decreasing in the average porosity of the gas-thermal coatings. Porosity of the coating based on the PN-85-U-15 alloy decreases from 17 % at the initial state to 5–8 % after the laser treatment. The corresponding figures for the ceramic coating Al2O3 are 24.5 % and 15–18 %.
ON AUTOMATED QUALITY CONTROL OF GEOPHYSICAL WELL LOGGING DATA
Authors: Pelmegov Roman Victorovich , Kudelin Artem Georgiyevich
Published: September 2014

The development of scientific principles, methods, and techniques of the automated control of the primary data recorded in the geophysical well logging is considered. The issue of termination of logging on a particular well is often associated with subjective expert assessments. The need for automated detection of errors and quality control of the recorded data during or immediately upon completion of studies is discussed. A brief analysis of the unreliability symptoms of record fragments is provided. An algorithm using iterative modeling techniques of incomplete data with low-dimensional manifolds for solving the problem of assessing the quality of the well logging data is proposed. Examples demonstrating the high efficiency of the iterative modeling methods for incomplete data using low-dimensional manifolds in the problem of space filling of geophysical study data are given; and the results of the numerical experiments on solving the problem of data quality control of electric logging are provided.
DATA PREPARATION METHODS FOR RECOVERING THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE SCENE
Authors: Taranenko Sergey Sergeyevich , Kovalev Oleg Fedorovich
Published: September 2014

The problem of data preparation to recover the three-dimensional structure of the scene including points, segments, straight lines, etc., using video obtained from a moving camera around a static scene is considered. Based on the analysis of the existing methods, the methodology and algorithm of the data selection and preparation for recovering the three-dimensional scene structure are provided. Canny filter and Sobel operator complemented with calculating the algorithm SURF (Speeded Up Robust Feature) descriptors is taken as a basis. To filter noise from frames, wavelet filters are proposed. This allows obtaining an object contour extraction algorithm in the frame, and its comparison with the object contour in the next frame, which is the input data for the majority of algorithms of the three-dimensional scene reconstruction.
Spór o naturę świadomości
Authors: Polcyn Karol
Published: September 2014

Although phenomenal consciousness resists explanation in physical terms, it remains an open question whether or not consciousness is an intrinsically physical phenomenon since it remains an open question whether or not conscious states are identical with physical states. This question is one of the key issues of debate in contemporary philosophy of mind. Here I survey some of the key arguments designed to show that conscious states are not physical states. I argue that materialists have no satisfactory response to those arguments.
Die Macht der Suchmaschinen und ihr Einfluss auf unsere Entscheidungen
Authors: Lewandowski Dirk
Published: September 2014

Wenn man die Recherche in Suchmaschinen als Vorbereitung einer Entscheidung betrachtet, kommt diesen Suchwerkzeugen aufgrund der Masse der an sie ge­stellten Anfragen eine nicht zu unterschätzende Bedeutung zu. Macht haben Suchmaschinen vor allem dadurch, dass sie entscheiden, was ein Nutzer zu seiner Suchanfrage zu sehen bekommt, verstärkt durch die ­Entscheidung, an welcher Stelle und in welcher Darstellungsform die Ergebnisse angezeigt werden. Im Suchprozess gibt es zahlreiche Stellen, an denen das Design der Suchmaschine die Entscheidung des Nutzers für oder gegen bestimmte Ergebnisse beeinflusst. Zusammen mit der externen Beeinflussung der Suchergebnisse durch sog. Suchmaschinenoptimierung ergibt sich eine Steuerung der Nutzer hin zu bestimmten Ergebnissen und ­Ergebnisformen. Der Artikel zeigt, wo Suchmaschinen Einfluss auf unsere Entscheidungsvorbereitung bzw. Entscheidungsfindung nehmen, an welchen Punkten dem durch einen bewussteren Umgang mit den Suchmaschinen entgegengewirkt werden kann, aber auch wo die Grenzen der eigenen Entscheidungsmöglichkeiten liegen.
The uterine and vascular actions of estetrol delineate a distinctive profile of estrogen receptor α modulation, uncoupling nuclear and membrane activation
Authors: Abot Anne , Fontaine Coralie , Buscato Mélissa , Solinhac Romain , Flouriot Gilles , Fabre Aurélie , Drougard Anne , Rajan Shyamala , Laine Muriel , Milon Alain , Muller Isabelle , Henrion Daniel , Adlanmerini Marine , Valéra Marie‐Cécile , Gompel Anne , Gerard Céline , Péqueux Christel , Mestdagt Mélanie , Raymond‐Letron Isabelle , Knauf Claude , Ferriere François , Valet Philippe , Gourdy Pierre , Katzenellenbogen Benita S , Katzenellenbogen John A , Lenfant Françoise , Greene Geoffrey L , Foidart Jean‐Michel , Arnal Jean‐François
Published: September 2014

Estetrol (E4) is a natural estrogen with a long half‐life produced only by the human fetal liver during pregnancy. The crystal structures of the estrogen receptor α (ERα) ligand‐binding domain bound to 17β‐estradiol (E2) and E4 are very similar, as well as their capacity to activate the two activation functions AF‐1 and AF‐2 and to recruit the coactivator SRC3. In vivo administration of high doses of E4 stimulated uterine gene expression, epithelial proliferation, and prevented atheroma, three recognized nuclear ERα actions. However, E4 failed to promote endothelial NO synthase activation and acceleration of endothelial healing, two processes clearly dependent on membrane‐initiated steroid signaling (MISS). Furthermore, E4 antagonized E2 MISS‐dependent effects in endothelium but also in MCF‐7 breast cancer cell line. This profile of ERα activation by E4, uncoupling nuclear and membrane activation, characterizes E4 as a selective ER modulator which could have medical applications that should now be considered further.
High GADA titer increases the risk of insulin requirement in LADA patients: a 7-year follow-up (NIRAD study 7)
Authors: Zampetti Simona , Campagna Giuseppe , Tiberti Claudio , Songini Marco , Arpi Maria Luisa , De Simone Giuseppina , Cossu Efisio , Cocco Lorenzo , Osborn John , Bosi Emanuele , Giorgino Francesco , Spoletini Marialuisa , Buzzetti Raffaella , _ _
Published: September 2014

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine whether glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) titer and other clinical parameters could define the risk of progression to insulin therapy in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) patients during a 7-year follow-up.

Methods

This study involved 220 LADA and 430 type 2 diabetes subjects followed up for 7 years from the time of GADA screening to evaluate their progression toward insulin therapy. Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the markers capable of influencing this progression.

Results

During the follow-up, the drop out was 4% in both groups. A total of 119 (56.1%) out of 212 LADA patients required insulin during the 7 years of follow-up. The Kaplan–Meier plots showed that 74/104 (71.1%) of high GADA titer required insulin compared with 45/108 (41.6%) of low GADA titer and with 86/412 (20.9%) of type 2 diabetes (P<0.0001 for both). A BMI of ≤25 kg/m2and IA-2ICand zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) positivity were also shown as the markers of faster progression (P<0.0001 for both). The proportion of LADA patients requiring insulin was significantly higher in the group of subjects treated also with sulfonylurea in the first year from diagnosis compared with those treated with diet and/or insulin sensitizers (P<0.001). The multivariate analysis confirmed that the presence of high GADA titer was a significant predictor of insulin requirement (P<0.0001, OR=6.95).

Conclusions

High GADA titer, BMI ≤ 25, ZnT8 and IA-2ICpositivity and sulfonylurea treatment, in the first year from diagnosis, significantly increase the progression toward insulin requirement in LADA patients.
Resilient design of landslip prevention measures: a case study
Authors: Mickovski Slobodan B.
Published: September 2014

Bervie Braes is a 750 m long, and up to 55 m high, coastal slope above a residential area and harbour in Stonehaven, Scotland, with a history of instability mostly associated with the road traversing the slope. This paper outlines the most probable causes of the instability on the slope and details the hazards that had to be taken into account during the design and construction of stabilisation measures. The hazards associated with hydrology in terms of future potential change in rainfall patterns and intensity, but also in terms of providing adequate drainage capacity and flows, were juxtaposed against the geotechnical hazards of shallow landslips and erosion near the surface, as well as deep-seated landslides on the slope. Owing to the complex nature of the hazards and the need for longer life expectancy of the design, the soil nailing option was combined with eco-engineering strategies to provide resilience for a changing climate. A risk-based approach considering the number of lives at danger during a catastrophic failure was adopted when deciding on the priority of the areas of the slope to be stabilised. The sustainability of the design solution and the construction methods were constantly monitored and re-appraised throughout the project.
Water supply and sanitation in China: a review
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhao Qing
Published: September 2014

This paper gives a broad review on water supply and sanitation in China, current trends and implications of economic development and rapid urbanisation. First some broad figures are given regarding population growth, economic development and urbanisation water consumption is considered. The paper finishes with an optimistic view engendered by increasing investment in environmental management and prospects for potential technology deployment, innovation and international collaboration.
Investigations on the Relationship Between the Autonomic Nervous System and the Triggering of Malignant Hyperthermia: A State-of-the-Science Review
Authors: Perry Susan M.
Published: September 2014

Early research in malignant hyperthermia (MH) focused on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) as a primary trigger of the syndrome. This hypothesis was based on the initial signs and symptoms of MH such as tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, and signs of increased metabolism in patients who developed MH. Supporting these early links between MH and the ANS were case reports from anesthesia providers who reported that patients who subsequently developed MH after a nontriggering previous anesthetic had appeared unusually stressed prior to the surgical procedure in which they triggered. There is no disagreement in the scientific community that a primary disorder in MH lies in the inability to control myoplasmic calcium levels in skeletal muscles. However, considering the variability in genetic and clinical presentation, the timing of intraoperative triggering, and the unexplained phenomenon of nonanesthetic triggering, the identification of cofactors in MH triggering remains paramount. A careful review of existing research supports the hypothesis that the autonomic nervous system plays a significant role as a cofactor in the triggering and progression of an MH episode. If a differentiation can be made and a link can be demonstrated between abnormalities in receptor sensitivity for or release, reuptake, or metabolism of catecholamines in malignant hyperthermia susceptible individuals, we may be able to use these as additional markers/predictors of disease.
The Relationship between Temperament and Pretense in Young Preschoolers
Authors: Van Reet Jennifer
Published: September 2014

Many social and social-cognitive factors, including relationship quality and understanding of minds, are known to influence the amount and quality of children's early pretend play, but it is not known whether personality plays a role in pretense development. This study explored the relationship between temperament and pretense ability in young preschoolers. Children's ( N = 41) temperament and pretense was assessed near their 3rd birthdays using both parent report and laboratory behavioral measures. Approximately 50% of the participants were reassessed on all measures within a year. Results indicate that early high negative affect was associated with higher quality pretend play at Time 2, but early self-regulatory abilities were not related to later pretense. However, early pretense was positively related to later self-regulation. Implications of these findings, including the possibility that pretense is a coping mechanism and that pretense helps facilitate self-regulation, are discussed.