bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Sub‐Bandgap Emission and Unexpected n‐Type Behavior in Undoped Polycrystalline CdSexTe1‐x
Authors: McGott Deborah L. , Johnston Steven W. , Jiang Chun‐Sheng , Liu Tuo , Kuciauskas Darius , Glynn Stephen , Reese Matthew O.
Published: June 2024

Se alloying has enabled significantly higher carrier lifetimes and photocurrents in CdTe solar cells, but these benefits can be highly dependent on CdSexTe1‐xprocessing. This work evaluates the optoelectronic, chemical, and electronic properties of thick (3 µm) undoped CdSexTe1‐xof uniform composition and varied processing conditions (CdSexTe1‐xevaporation rate, CdCl2anneal, Se content) chosen to reflect various standard device processing conditions. Sub‐bandgap defect emission is observed, which increased as Se content increased and with “GrV‐optimized CdCl2” (i.e., CdCl2anneal conditions used for group‐V‐doped devices). Low carrier lifetime is found for GrV‐optimized CdCl2, slow CdSexTe1‐xdeposition, and low‐Se films. Interestingly, all films (including CdTe control) exhibited n‐type behavior, where electron density increased with Se up to an estimated ≈1017 cm−3. This behavior appears to originate during the CdCl2anneal, possibly from Se diffusion leading to anion vacancy (e.g., VSe, VTe) and ClTegeneration.
Elastic Polyurethane as Stress‐Redistribution‐Adhesive‐Layer (SRAL) for Directly Integrated High‐Energy‐Density Flexible Batteries
Authors: Xiong Yige , Wang Zhongjie , Yan Xiaohui , Li Taibai , Jing Siqi , Hu Tao , Jin Huixin , Liu Xuncheng , Kong Weibo , Huo Yonglin , Ge Xiang
Published: June 2024

The low mechanical reliability and integration failure are key challenges hindering the commercialization of geometrically flexible batteries. This work proposes that the failure of directly integrating flexible batteries using traditional rigid adhesives is primarily due to the mismatch between the generated stress at the adhesive/substrate interface, and the maximum allowable stress. Accordingly, a stress redistribution adhesive layer (SRAL) strategy is conceived by using elastic adhesive to redistribute the generated stress. The function mechanism of the SRAL strategy is confirmed by theoretical finite element analysis. Experimentally, a polyurethane (PU) type elastic adhesive (with maximum strain of 1425%) is synthesized and used as the SRAL to integrate rigid cells on different flexible substrates to fabricate directly integrated flexible battery with robust output under various harsh environments, such as stretching, twisting, and even bending in water. The SRAL strategy is expected to be generally applicable in various flexible devices that involve the integration of rigid components onto flexible substrates.
Selenium‐Doped Nanoheterojunctions for Highly Efficient Cancer Radiosensitization
Authors: Qiao Rui , Yuan Zhongwen , Yang Meijin , Tang Zhiying , He Lizhen , Chen Tianfeng
Published: June 2024

Exploring efficient and low‐toxicity radiosensitizers to break through the bottleneck of radiation tolerance, immunosuppression and poor prognosis remains one of the critical developmental challenges in radiotherapy. Nanoheterojunctions, due to their unique physicochemical properties, have demonstrated excellent radiosensitization effects in radiation energy deposition and in lifting tumor radiotherapy inhibition. Herein, they doped selenium (Se) into prussian blue (PB) to construct a nano‐heterojunction (Se@PB), which could promote the increase of Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio and conversion of Se to a high valence state with Se introduction. The Fe2+‐Se‐Fe3+ electron transfer chain accelerates the rate of electron transfer on the surface of the nanoparticles, which in turn endows it with efficient X‐ray energy transfer and electron transport capability, and enhances radiotherapy physical sensitivity. Furthermore, Se@PB induces glutathione (GSH) depletion and Fe2+ accumulation through pro‐Fenton reaction, thereby disturbs the redox balance in tumor cells and enhances biochemical sensitivity of radiotherapy. As an excellent radiosensitizer, Se@PB effectively enhances X‐ray induced mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage, thereby promotes cell apoptosis and synergistic cervical cancer radiotherapy. This study elucidates the radiosensitization mechanism of Se‐doped nanoheterojunction from the perspective of the electron transfer chain and biochemistry reaction, which provides an efficient and low‐toxic strategy in radiotherapy.
Design and Fabrication of Island‐Like CoNi2S4@NiCo‐LDH/Biomass Carbon Heterostructure as Advanced Electrodes for High‐Performance Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Haoze , Gao Xin , Xie Yanqiu , Guo Erjun , Bai He , Jiang Fan , Li Qian , Yue Hongyan
Published: June 2024

The utilization of heterostructured electrodes offers an effective approach to boost the energy density of supercapacitors without sacrificing their power density. However, the adoption of such materials is frequently impeded by sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, an island‐like CoNi2S4@NiCo‐layered double hydroxide/biomass carbon (CoNi2S4@NiCo‐LDH/BC) heterostructure is synthesized by embedding CoNi2S4 in the interlayer of NiCo‐LDH nanosheets on BC through a partial in situ sulfidation process. Theoretical and experimental analyses indicate that this unique structural configuration lowers transport barriers and enhances ion adsorption capacity, leading to a significant improvement in ion/electron reaction kinetics. In addition, the embedded structural design effectively alleviates the significant volume expansion during charge–discharge process, while the robust BC framework prevents electrode degradation, thereby enhancing stability. These advantages enable the developed electrode material to achieve a high specific capacity (1655.75 C g−1 at 1 A g−1) and an extended cycle life (86.82% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles). Significantly, the assembled hybrid supercapacitor CoNi2S4@NiCo‐LDH/BC// activated carbon demonstrates a remarkable energy density of 95.57 Wh kg−1 at 866.61 W kg−1 and exceptional cycling stability, maintaining 95.16% capacity after 10 000 cycles. This research offers an effective strategy to promote ion/charge transfer and adsorption capacity of heterostructure and provides a new approach to the development of advanced supercapacitor electrodes.
Revealing the regulation of water dipole potential to aggregation of amyloid‐β 42 at chiral interface by surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Zhu Manyu , Li Shanshan , Liu Qixin , Zhang Yuqi , Li Zihao , Wang Yiran , Wu Lie , Jiang Xiue
Published: June 2024

Surface chirality plays an important role in determining the biological effect, but the molecular nature beyond stereoselectivity is still unknown. Herein, through surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and theoretical simulations, we found diasteromeric monolayers induced by assembled density on chiral gold nanofilm and identified the positive contribution of water dipole potential at chiral interface and their different interfacial interactions, which result in a difference both in the positive dipoles of interfacial water compensating the negative surface potential of the SAM and in the hindrance effect of interface dehydration, thereby regulating the interaction between amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ) and N‐isobutyryl‐cysteine (NIBC). Water on L‐NIBC interface which shows stronger positive dipole potential weakens the negative surface potential, but its local weak binding to the isopropyl group facilitates hydrophobic interaction between Aβ42 and L‐NIBC and resulted fiber aggregate. Conversely, electrostatic interaction between Aβ42 and D‐NIBC induces spherical oligomer. These findings provide new insight into molecular nature of chirality‐regulated biological effect.
Evolutionary patterns of variations in chromosome counts and genome sizes show positive correlations with taxonomic diversity in tropical gingers
Authors: Xavier Aleena , Yadav Ritu , Gowda Vinita
Published: June 2024

Premise

Cytogenetic traits such as an organism's chromosome number and genome size are taxonomically critical as they are instrumental in defining angiosperm diversity. Variations in these traits can be traced to evolutionary processes such as polyploidization, although geographic variations across cytogenetic traits remain underexplored. In the pantropical monocot family Zingiberaceae (~1500 species), cytogenetic traits have been well documented; however, the role of these traits in shaping taxonomic diversity and biogeographic patterns of gingers is not known.

Methods

A time‐calibrated Bayesian phylogenetic tree was constructed for 290 taxa covering three of the four subfamilies in Zingiberaceae. We tested models of chromosome number and genome size evolution within the family and whether lineage age, taxonomic diversity, and distributional range explain the variations in the cytogenetic traits. Tests were carried out at two taxonomic ranks: within Zingiberaceae and within genus Hedychium using correlations, generalized linear models and phylogenetic least square models.

Results

The most frequent changes in chromosome number within Zingiberaceae were noted to be demi‐polyploidization and polyploidization (~57% of the time), followed by ascending dysploidy (~27%). The subfamily Zingiberoideae showed descending dysploidy at its base, while Alpinioideae showed polyploidization at its internal nodes. Although chromosome counts and genome sizes did not corroborate with each other, suggesting that they are not equivalent; higher chromosome number variations and higher genome size variations were associated with higher taxonomic diversity and wider biogeographic distribution.

Conclusions

Within Zingiberaceae, multiple incidences of polyploidization were discovered, and cytogenetic events appear to have reduced the genome sizes and increased taxonomic diversity, distributional ranges and invasiveness.
Utilizing a comparative approach to assess genome evolution during diploidization in Artemisia tridentata, a keystone species of western North America
Authors: Melton Anthony E. , Novak Stephen J. , Buerki Sven
Published: June 2024

Premise

Polyploidization is often followed by diploidization. Diploidization is generally studied using synthetic polyploid lines and/or crop plants, but rarely using extant diploids or nonmodel plants such as Artemisia tridentata. This threatened western North American keystone species has a large genome compared to congeneric Artemisia species; dominated by diploid and tetraploid cytotypes, with multiple origins of tetraploids with genome size reduction.

Methods

The genome of an A. tridentata sample was resequenced to study genome evolution and compared to that of A. annua, a diploid congener. Three diploid genomes of A. tridentata were compared to test for multiple diploidization events.

Results

The A. tridentata genome had many chromosomal rearrangements relative to that of A. annua, while large‐scale synteny of A. tridentata chromosome 3 and A. annua chromosome 4 was conserved. The three A. tridentata genomes had similar sizes (4.19–4.2 Gbp), heterozygosity (2.24–2.25%), and sequence (98.73–99.15% similarity) across scaffolds, and in k‐mer analyses, similar patterns of diploid heterozygous k‐mers (AB = 41%, 47%, and 47%), triploid heterozygous k‐mers (AAB = 18–21%), and tetraploid k‐mers (AABB = 13–17%). Biallelic SNPs were evenly distributed across scaffolds for all individuals. Comparisons of transposable element (TE) content revealed differential enrichment of TE clades.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest population‐level TE differentiation after a shared polyploidization‐to‐diploidization event(s) and exemplify the complex processes of genome evolution. This research approached provides new resources for exploration of abiotic stress response, especially the roles of TEs in response pathways.
Expansion of highly interferon‐responsive T cells in early‐onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sirkis Daniel W. , Warly Solsberg Caroline , Johnson Taylor P. , Bonham Luke W. , Oddi Alexis P. , Geier Ethan G. , Miller Bruce L. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Yokoyama Jennifer S.
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

Altered immune signatures are emerging as a central theme in neurodegenerative disease, yet little is known about immune responses in early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD).

METHODS

We examined single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) data from CD4 T cells from participants with EOAD and clinically normal controls.

RESULTS

We analyzed PBMCs from 16 individuals by scRNA‐seq and discovered increased interferon signaling‐associated gene (ISAG) expression and striking expansion of antiviral‐like ISAGhi T cells in EOAD. Isolating CD4 T cells from 19 individuals, including four cases analyzed by scRNA‐seq, we confirmed increased expression of ISAGhi marker genes. Publicly available cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte scRNA‐seq data from late‐onset mild cognitive impairment and AD also revealed increased expression of interferon‐response genes.

DISCUSSION

Antiviral‐like ISAGhi T cells are expanded in EOAD. Additional research into these cells and the role of heightened peripheral IFN signaling in neurodegeneration is warranted.

Highlights

Interferon‐responsive T cells expanded in early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Increased interferon‐associated gene expression present in early‐ and late‐onset AD.

Peripheral immune changes in T and NK cells driven by females with early‐onset AD.
In vivo Metabolic Sensing of Hyperpolarized [1‐13C]Pyruvate in Mice Using a Recyclable Perfluorinated Iridium Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange Catalyst
Authors: Ettedgui Jessica , Yamamoto Kazutoshi , Blackman Burchelle , Koyasu Norikazu , Raju Natarajan , Vasalatiy Olga , Merkle Hellmut , Chekmenev Eduard Y. , Goodson Boyd M. , Krishna Murali C. , Swenson Rolf E.
Published: June 2024

Real‐time visualization of metabolic processes in vivo provides crucial insights into conditions like cancer and metabolic disorders. Metabolic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), by amplifying the signal of pyruvate molecules through hyperpolarization, enables non‐invasive monitoring of metabolic fluxes, aiding in understanding disease progression and treatment response. Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) presents a simpler, cost‐effective alternative to dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization, eliminating the need for expensive equipment and complex procedures. We present the first in vivo demonstration of metabolic sensing in a human pancreatic cancer xenograft model compared to healthy mice. A novel perfluorinated Iridium SABRE catalyst in a fluorinated solvent and methanol blend facilitated this breakthrough with a 1.2‐fold increase in [1‐13C]pyruvate SABRE hyperpolarization. The perfluorinated moiety allowed easy separation of the heavy‐metal‐containing catalyst from the hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate target. The perfluorinated catalyst exhibited recyclability, maintaining SABRE‐SHEATH activity through subsequent hyperpolarization cycles with minimal activity loss after the initial two cycles. Remarkably, the catalyst retained activity for at least 10 cycles, with a 3.3‐fold decrease in hyperpolarization potency. This proof‐of‐concept study encourages wider adoption of SABRE hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate MR for studying in vivo metabolism, aiding in diagnosing stages and monitoring treatment responses in cancer and other diseases.
Fused Aromatic and Antiaromatic Smaragdyrin Dimers
Authors: Liu Yang , Tanaka Takayuki , Shimizu Daiki , Rao Yutao , Xu Ling , Yin Bangshao , Zhou Mingbo , Song Jianxin , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: June 2024

Singly‐linked aromatic [22]smaragdyrin BF2 complex dimer was synthesized by the reductive coupling of 16‐brominated [22]smaragdyrin BF2 complex, which was oxidized to a stable diradical with PbO2. As the first example of fused smaragdyrin dimer, a fused [22]smaragdyrin BF2 complex dimer was synthesized by the oxidation of a CuCl‐BF2 complex dimer with FeCl3 and subsequent reduction with NaBH4. After removal of the BF2 group, the singly‐linked and fused aromatic dimers were oxidized to the corresponding antiaromatic [20]smaragdyrin free base dimers. The first oxidation and reduction potentials of these dimers are split depending upon the intramolecular electronic interactions, which are larger for the fused dimers. Despite the large electronic interactions, the aromatic and antiaromatic characters are well preserved in the fused dimers.
Nitrogen‐Embedding Strategy for Short‐Range Charge Transfer Excited States and Efficient Narrowband Deep‐Blue Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Cai Xinliang , Pan Yue , Li Chenglong , Li Linjie , Pu Yexuan , Wu Youwei , Wang Yue
Published: June 2024

The development of deep‐blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) featuring high efficiency and narrowband emission is of great importance for ultrahigh‐definition displays with wide color gamut. Herein, based on the nitrogen‐embedding strategy for modifying the short range charge transfer excited state energies of multi‐resonance (MR) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, we introduce one or two nitrogen atoms into the central benzene ring of a versatile boron‐embedded 1,3‐bis(carbazol‐9‐yl)benzene skeleton. This approach resulted in the stabilization of the highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels and the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, and thus systematic hypsochromic shifts and narrowing spectra. In toluene solution, two heterocyclic‐based MR‐TADF molecules, Py‐BN and Pm‐BN, exhibit deep‐blue emissions with high photoluminescence quantum yields of 93 % and 94 %, and narrow full width at half maximum of 14 and 13 nm, respectively. A deep‐blue hyperfluorescent OLED based on Py‐BN exhibited a maximum external quantum efficiency of 27.7 % and desired color purity with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.150, 0.052). These results demonstrate the significant potential for the development of deep blue narrowband MR‐TADF emitters.
Transpiration‐Induced Self‐Growth of Texture Hydrogel Surfaces
Authors: Wang Hong , Xiong Xinhong , Luo Hao , Cui Yubo , Wu Qian , Fang Yuanlai , Chen Jian , Jing Guangyin , Cui Jiaxi
Published: June 2024

Trees grow by coupling the transpiration‐induced nutrient absorption from external sources and photosynthesis‐based nutrient integration. Inspired by this manner, we designed a class of polyion complex (PIC) hydrogels containing isolated liquid‐filled voids for growing texture surfaces. The isolated liquid‐filled voids were created via irreversible matrix reconfiguration in a deswelling‐swelling process. During transpiration, these voids reversibly collapse to generate negative pressures within the matrices to extract polymerizable compounds from external sources and deliver them to the surface of the samples for photopolymerization. This growth process is spatial‐controllable and can be applied to fabricate complex patterns consisting of different compositions, suggesting a new strategy for making texture surfaces.
Everyone can draw: An inclusive and transformative activity for conceptualization of topographic anatomy
Authors: Horne Carly A. , Hepworth David , Saunders Emma , Keenan Iain D.
Published: June 2024

Anatomical drawing traditionally involves illustration of labeled diagrams on two‐dimensional surfaces to represent topographical features. Despite the visual nature of anatomy, many learners perceive that they lack drawing skills and do not engage in art‐based learning. Recent advances in the capabilities of technology‐enhanced learning have enabled the rapid and inexpensive production of three‐dimensional anatomical models. This work describes a “drawing on model” activity in which learners observe and draw specific structures onto three‐dimensional models. Sport and exercise sciences (SES, n = 79) and medical (MED, n = 156) students at a United Kingdom medical school completed this activity using heart and femur models, respectively. Learner demographics, their perceptions of anatomy learning approaches, the value of the activity, and their confidence in understanding anatomical features, were obtained via validated questionnaire. Responses to 7‐point Likert‐type and free‐text items were analyzed by descriptive statistics and semi‐quantitative content analysis. Learners valued art‐based study (SES mean = 5.94 SD ±0.98; MED = 5.92 ± 1.05) and the “drawing on model” activity (SES = 6.33 ± 0.93; MED = 6.21 ± 0.94) and reported enhanced confidence in understanding of cardiac anatomy (5.61 ± 1.11), coronary arteries (6.03 ± 0.83), femur osteology (6.07 ± 1.07), and hip joint muscle actions (5.80 ± 1.20). Perceptions of learners were independent of both their sex and their art‐based study preferences (p < 0.05). Themes constructed from free‐text responses identified “interactivity,” “topography,” “transformative,” and “visualization,” as key elements of the approach, in addition to revealing some limitations. This work will have implications for anatomy educators seeking to engage learners in an inclusive, interactive, and effective learning activity for supporting three‐dimensional anatomical understanding.
Prüfung des Säurewiderstands von Beton – Entwicklung eines Schnellprüfverfahrens
Authors: Mahlbacher Markus , Gerlach Jesko , Pott Jens Uwe , Haist Michael , Lohaus Ludger
Published: June 2024

Die Betonschädigung durch Säureangriff ist in vielen Bereichen von Landwirtschaft, Industrie und Abwasseranlagen für die Dauerhaftigkeit maßgebend. Dabei wird zunächst der Zementstein an der Betonoberfläche gelöst, bevor sich eine SiO2‐reiche Deckschicht zwischen Oberfläche und Angriffszone ausbildet. Daraufhin läuft der Schädigungsprozess diffusionskontrolliert ab und die Schädigungsfront wandert ins Betoninnere. Schließlich kommt es zu einem oberflächigen Abtrag, der mit zunehmender Dauer für den Schädigungsverlauf maßgebend wird. Für eine Prognose der Dauerhaftigkeit ist es daher zwingend erforderlich, im Rahmen von Performanceprüfungen alle drei Schädigungsstadien mit ihren Interaktionen zu erfassen. Da es längere Zeit dauert, um die Abtraggeschwindigkeit hinreichend genau zu erfassen, sind lange Prüfzeiten von mehreren Monaten Dauer unvermeidbar. Solche langen Prüfdauern sind für regelmäßige Prüfungen zur Produktionskontrolle ungeeignet. Ist jedoch das Abtragverhalten für einen bestimmten Beton durch Performanceprüfungen im Rahmen der Erstprüfung bekannt, kann für die Produktionskontrolle die Prüfdauer deutlich verkürzt werden. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Schnellprüfverfahren zur Charakterisierung des Säurewiderstands vorgestellt, das kostengünstig und schnell die frühen Schädigungsstadien des Säureangriffs erfasst. Die Vergleichbarkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit der Prüfergebnisse werden nachgewiesen. Weiterhin werden die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und ‐grenzen diskutiert.
Teaching design and implementation of traffic system simulation course based on a computer virtual reality software under the background of engineering education
Authors: Liu Ying‐Ying , Wang Dan‐Ping , Gu Jing , Fu Yuan‐Fang
Published: June 2024

The further reform and development of engineering education courses can help improve the teaching quality of higher education institutions, implement the fundamental task of talent cultivation, and provide important support and channels for cultivating high‐quality and supportive engineering technical talents. The traffic system simulation course is an applied science closely related to engineering technology. It mainly cultivates senior engineering technical talents engaged in research and development of transportation engineering, analysis of road traffic characteristics, and transportation planning and design. Considering the characteristics of the traffic system simulation course, this study puts forward the course teaching design based on computer virtual reality software. Combined with the training objectives of applied talents in the traffic system simulation course, this study focuses on how to reform the teaching content and teaching mode with the help of Vissim computer simulation software. The course teaching design refines and optimizes the teaching content by the use of computer software. The use of Vissim software in the course enriches the teaching content and methods and stimulates students' interest in learning. Through the guidance of active exploration and self‐directed learning for students, the traffic system simulation course reform has created a more positive and effective learning environment for students, which helps to cultivate their exploratory spirit and innovative ability. The implementation of the course teaching reform has gradually improved students' learning initiative and ability to master course content, as well as their practical problem‐solving abilities. Good teaching results have been achieved.
Remodelin delays non‐small cell lung cancer progression by inhibiting NAT10 via the EMT pathway
Authors: Guo Quanwei , Yu Weijun , Tan Jianfeng , Zhang Jianhua , Chen Jin , Rao Shuan , Guo Xia , Cai Kaican
Published: June 2024

Background

Lung cancer remains the foremost reason of cancer‐related mortality, with invasion and metastasis profoundly influencing patient prognosis. N‐acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) catalyzes the exclusive N (4)‐acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification in eukaryotic RNA. NAT10 dysregulation is linked to various diseases, yet its role in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) invasion and metastasis remains unclear. Our study delves into the clinical significance and functional aspects of NAT10 in NSCLC.

Methods

We investigated NAT10's clinical relevance using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and a group of 98 NSCLC patients. Employing WB, qRT‐PCR, and IHC analyses, we assessed NAT10 expression in NSCLC tissues, bronchial epithelial cells (BECs), NSCLC cell lines, and mouse xenografts. Further, knockdown and overexpression techniques (siRNA, shRNA, and plasmid) were employed to evaluate NAT10's effects. A series of assays were carried out, including CCK‐8, colony formation, wound healing, and transwell assays, to elucidate NAT10's role in proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Additionally, we utilized lung cancer patient‐derived 3D organoids, mouse xenograft models, and Remodelin (NAT10 inhibitor) to corroborate these findings.

Results

Our investigations revealed high NAT10 expression in NSCLC tissues, cell lines and mouse xenograft models. High NAT10 level correlated with advanced T stage, lymph node metastasis and poor overall survive. NAT10 knockdown curtailed proliferation, invasion, and migration, whereas NAT10 overexpression yielded contrary effects. Furthermore, diminished NAT10 levels correlated with increased E‐cadherin level whereas decreased N‐cadherin and vimentin expressions, while heightened NAT10 expression displayed contrasting results. Notably, Remodelin efficiently attenuated NSCLC proliferation, invasion, and migration by inhibiting NAT10 through the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway.

Conclusions

Our data underscore NAT10 as a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC, presenting avenues for targeted intervention against lung cancer through NAT10 inhibition.
Targeting the core program of metastasis with a novel drug combination
Authors: Fnu Gulimirerouzi , Weber Georg F.
Published: June 2024

Background

We previously reported that metastases are generally characterized by a core program of gene expression that activates tissue remodeling/vascularization, alters ion homeostasis, induces the oxidative metabolism, and silences extracellular matrix interactions. This core program distinguishes metastases from their originating primary tumors as well as from their destination host tissues. Therefore, the gene products involved are potential targets for anti‐metastasis drug treatment.

Methods

Because the silencing of extracellular matrix interactions predisposes to anoiks in the absence of active survival mechanisms, we tested inhibitors against the other three components.

Results

Individually, the low‐specificity VEGFR blocker pazopanib (in vivo combined with marimastat), the antioxidant dimethyl sulfoxide (or the substitute atovaquone, which is approved for internal administration), and the ionic modulators bumetanide and tetrathiomolybdate inhibited soft agar colony formation by breast and pancreatic cancer cell lines. The individual candidate agents have a record of use in humans (with limited efficacy when administered individually) and are available for repurposing. In combination, the effects of these drugs were additive or synergistic. In two mouse models of cancer (utilizing 4T1 cells or B16‐F10 cells), the combination treatment with these medications, applied immediately (to prevent metastasis formation) or after a delay (to suppress established metastases), dramatically reduced the occurrence of disseminated foci.

Conclusions

The combination of tissue remodeling inhibitors, suppressors of the oxidative metabolism, and ion homeostasis modulators has very strong promise for the treatment of metastases by multiple cancers.
Five New Furostanol Glycosides from the Fruits of Tribulus terrestris with NO Production Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Kiem Phan Van , Quoc Nguyen Van , Tai Bui Huu , Yen Pham Hai , Huy Hoang Nguyen , Thi Thuy Hang Dan , Huong Phan Thi Thanh , Anh Bang Ngo , Dung Duong Thi , Trang Do Thi , Giang Le Duc
Published: June 2024

Eight furostanol glycosides including five undescribed compounds, named tribufurostanosides A–E (1–5), and three known ones (6–8) were isolated from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris L. Their chemical structures were determined by the IR, HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D‐, and 2D‐NMR spectra. Furostanols 1–8 significantly inhibited nitric oxide production in LPS activated RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 values ranging from 14.2 to 64.7 μM, compared to that of the positive control compound, dexamethazone (IC50 13.6 μM).
Bio‐inspirierte Materialentwicklungen
Authors: Schubert Ulrich
Published: June 2024

Außergewöhnliche mechanische Eigenschaften biologischer Materialien beruhen oft weniger auf ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung, sondern vielmehr auf der Ausbildung hierarchischer Strukturen. Dies wird an drei Beispielen – Perlmutt, Spinnenseide und Haftfäden von Miesmuscheln – veranschaulicht, ebenso ausgewählte Ansätze, sich bei der Entwicklung neuer Materialien von den Konstruktionsprinzipien der natürlichen Materialien inspirieren zu lassen. Zwar wird dabei der durch evolutionäre Prozesse erreichte hohe Grad an Integration vieler hierarchischer Ebenen sowie Anpassungsfähigkeit und Multifunktionalität der Materialien (noch) nicht erreicht, es können aber mit Hilfe bio‐inspirierter Konzepte Materialien mit interessanten spezifischen Eigenschaften erhalten werden.
Bio‐inspirierte Materialentwicklungen
Authors: Schubert Ulrich
Published: June 2024

Biologische Materialien zeichnen sich oft dadurch aus, dass ihre Strukturierung mindestens ebenso wichtig, oft sogar wichtiger ist, um bestimmte Eigenschaften oder Eigenschaftskombinationen zu erzielen als ihre chemischen Zusammensetzung. Dies gilt nicht nur für Volumeneigenschaften, sondern auch für die Haut von Tieren oder die Oberfläche von Blättern oder Blüten. Biologische Strukturen zur Hydrophobierung oder Entspiegelung von Oberflächen, der adaptiven Farbgebung, der Verminderung des Reibungswiderstands und der Erhöhung von Haftkräften wurden in diesem Artikel als Beispiele ausgewählt, wie derartige Strukturen (bio‐inspiriert) auf die Entwicklungen neuer Materialien übertragen werden können.
Scrutinizing the chemical and morphological alterations of microfibers released from household washing machines under varying temperature conditions
Authors: Parida Dinesh , Sangtani Rimjhim , Nogueira Regina , Bala Kiran
Published: June 2024

To fulfill a huge demand that is arising globally due to the skyrocketing population, the textile industry is shifting toward cheaper, sturdier, enduring fabrics. Apparently, innovations are turning out to be banes instead of boons, as they are generating a lot of waste, leading to the destruction of the environment. Microfibers are one such example of an emerging environmental contaminant with several irreversible, health, and ecosystem repercussions. This study deals with the effects of temperature on the generation of microfibrils from washing machines. Three different temperatures ranging from lower to higher were considered. The net weight of microfibers released from higher temperatures was found to be 1132.5 ± 41.3 mg/20 L using gravimetric analysis. The fibers released from the higher temperature, that is, 60°C, were 2.7 and 1.6 times higher than those released from colder temperatures, 30 and 40°C, respectively. The length and diameter of these microfibers were in the microplastic size range. The polyester fiber was found to be released in higher amounts after identification with Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The results of this study can help consumers implement sustainable behavior and regulations to lessen the release of microfibers from washing household textiles.
High‐degree penalty based global statistical network embedding for name disambiguation in anonymized graph
Authors: Bai Shengxing , Bu Chenyang , Wu Xindong
Published: June 2024

In person‐centric applications, the prevalence of shared names significantly hampers document retrieval, web search, and database integration, highlighting the critical need for name disambiguation. Network embedding based unsupervised name disambiguation methods have received much attention due to their wide applicability and superior disambiguation performance. However, existing methods require complex feature engineering, such as extracting biographical and source content features or constructing supplementary features from external knowledge bases, which are unavailable in privacy‐preserving scenarios. Moreover, they may face challenges such as imbalanced node training or overlooking global statistical information during node embedding learning. In this article, we propose a method to tackle the name disambiguation problem based on high‐degree penalty and global statistical information using only relational data. First, we construct a weighted source similarity network based on multi‐hop collaborator relationships. Second, we employ a high‐degree penalty based global statistical network embedding model to learn low‐dimensional node embeddings and preserve the structural features of the network. Finally, we cluster the same sources using a joint clustering algorithm that does not require prior knowledge of the number of clusters. The experiment validates the effectiveness of the proposed method on two real‐life datasets.
Clinical Pharmacology Strategies for Bispecific Antibody Development: Learnings from FDA‐Approved Bispecific Antibodies in Oncology
Authors: Lim KyoungSoo , Zhu Xu (Sue) , Zhou Diansong , Ren Song , Phipps Alex
Published: June 2024

Bispecific antibodies, by enabling the targeting of more than one disease‐associated antigen or engaging immune effector cells, have both advantages and challenges compared with a combination of two different biological products. As of December 2023, there are 11 U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved BsAb products on the market. Among these, 9 have been approved for oncology indications, and 8 of these are CD3 T‐cell engagers. Clinical pharmacology strategies, including dose‐related strategies, are critical for bispecific antibody development. This analysis reviewed clinical studies of all approved bispecific antibodies in oncology and identified dose‐related perspectives to support clinical dose optimization and regulatory approvals, particularly in the context of the Food and Drug Administration's Project Optimus: (1) starting doses and dose ranges in first‐in‐human studies; (2) dose strategies including step‐up doses or full doses for recommended phase 2 doses or dose level(s) used for registrational intent; (3) restarting therapy after dose delay; (4) considerations for the introduction of subcutaneous doses; (5) body weight vs. flat dosing strategy; and (6) management of immunogenicity. The learnings arising from this review are intended to inform successful strategies for future bispecific antibody development.
Water use and water use efficiency of three Brassicaceae oilseeds under high‐ and low‐yielding environments
Authors: Gesch Russ W. , Allen B. L. , Archer D. W. , Jabro J. D. , Isbell T. A. , Long D. S.
Published: June 2024

Brassicaceae oilseed crops have proven potential as vegetable oil feedstock for biofuels and food uses. However, meeting a growing demand for vegetable oils for food and industrial uses will require identifying oilseed species that are best suited for various growing environments within a particular region. The objective of this study was to compare growth dynamics, seasonal water use (WU), seed yields, and water use efficiency (WUE) of canola (Brassica napus L.), camelina (Camelina sativa L.), and white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) to determine their suitability under three different environments within the northern Great Plains. Comparisons were made among these species over three growing seasons between 2013 and 2016 at Morris, MN; Mandan, ND; and Sidney, MT, situated along a strong precipitation gradient from east to west. Generally, growing season precipitation was similar at Morris and Mandan, but both were considerably greater than at Sidney. Seasonal WU was similar among these oilseed species at Morris and Mandan but was greatest for camelina at the drier Sidney environment. Canola seed yield was the greatest at Morris and had higher WUE than camelina and white mustard. At Mandan and Sidney, canola and camelina had similar seed yields and WUE, which were generally greater than white mustard. Under abundant moisture and low stress (e.g., Morris), seed yield per millimeter of water used could be maximized by growing canola, while in a drier more stressful environment like Sidney, seed yield per millimeter of water used could be maximized by growing camelina.
Synthetic Mn3Ce2O5‐Cluster Mimicking the Oxygen‐Evolving Center in Photosynthesis
Authors: Chen Yang , Su Yao , Han Juanjuan , Chen Changhui , Fan Hongjun , Zhang Chunxi
Published: June 2024

The photosynthetic oxygen‐evolving center (OEC) is a unique Mn4CaO5‐cluster that catalyses water splitting into electrons, protons, and dioxygen. Precisely structural and functional mimicking of the OEC is a long‐standing challenge and pressingly needed for understanding the structure‐function relationship and catalytic mechanism of O−O bond formation. Herein we report two simple and robust artificial Mn3Ce2O5‐complexes that display a remarkable structural similarity to the OEC in regarding of the ten‐atom core (five metal ions and five oxygen bridges) and the alkyl carboxylate peripheral ligands. This Mn3Ce2O5‐cluster can catalyse the water‐splitting reaction on the surface of ITO electrode. These results clearly show that cerium can structurally and functionally replace both calcium and manganese in the cluster. Mass spectroscopic measurements demonstrate that the oxide bridges in the cluster are exchangeable and can be rapidly replaced by the isotopic oxygen of H218O in acetonitrile solution, which supports that the oxide bridge(s) may serve as the active site for the formation of O−O bond during the water‐splitting reaction. These results would contribute to our understanding of the structure‐reactivity relationship of both natural and artificial clusters and shed new light on the development of efficient water‐splitting catalysts in artificial photosynthesis.
A naturalistic examination of feeling fat: Characteristics, predictors, and the relationship with eating disorder behaviors
Authors: Srivastava Paakhi , Giannone Alyssa , Lampe Elizabeth W. , Clancy Olivia M. , Fitzpatrick Brighid , Juarascio Adrienne S. , Manasse Stephanie M.
Published: June 2024

Objective

Although literature implicates feeling fat in the maintenance of binge‐spectrum eating disorders (EDs; e.g., bulimia nervosa, binge‐ED), research in this area is small, nascent, and relies on retrospective self‐report. The current study sought to understand the temporal pattern of feeling fat and its role as a precipitant and consequence of ED behaviors.

Methods

Totally 106 treatment‐seeking adults with binge‐spectrum EDs completed 7–14‐day ecological momentary assessments. They rated feeling fat, negative affect states, and reported on ED behaviors six times per day. Multilevel models evaluated whether feeling fat mediates prospective links between negative affect states and ED behaviors, assessed if negative affect states mediate the prospective association of feeling fat on ED behaviors, and examined the bidirectional prospective association between feeling fat and ED behaviors.

Results

Feeling fat was highest in the early morning (6–8:59 a.m.). Individuals with binge‐ED‐spectrum EDs demonstrated greater variability in feeling fat than those with bulimia nervosa‐spectrum EDs who had stable and high levels of feeling fat. Guilt, sadness, anxiety, and the overall NA at Time 2 mediated the prospective associations between at Time 1 feeling fat and Time 3 dietary restraint, actual dietary restriction, and compensatory exercise. There was a bidirectional prospective association between feeling fat and binge eating.

Discussion

Feeling fat serves as a proximal predictor and mediator of the prospective association between guilt and binge eating. Feeling fat and binge eating mutually reinforce each other.

Public Significance

Little is understood regarding the experience of feeling fat in natural environments among individuals with binge‐spectrum eating disorders. We found that the risk for having the experience of feeling fat is high in the morning and evening. Feeling fat triggers guilt, anxiety, and sadness which in turn, increases engagement in dietary restraint/restriction and compensatory exercise. Feeling fat also triggers binge eating, and binge eating leads to feelings of fatness.
Long‐term changes in autumn–winter harvest distributions vary among duck species, months, and subpopulations
Authors: Verheijen Bram H. F. , Webb Elisabeth B. , Brasher Michael G. , Hagy Heath M.
Published: June 2024

Our aim was to describe shifts in autumn and winter harvest distributions of three species of dabbling ducks (blue‐winged teal [Spatula discors], mallard [Anas platyrhynchos], and northern pintail [Anas acuta]) in the Central and Mississippi flyways of North America during 1960–2019. We measured shifts in band recovery distributions corrected for changes in hunting season dates and zones by using kernel density estimators to calculate 10 distributional metrics. We then assessed interannual and intraspecific variation by comparing species‐specific changes in distributional metrics for 4 months (October–January) and three geographically based subpopulations. During 1960–2019, band recovery distributions shifted west‐ and southwards (blue‐winged teal) or east‐ and northwards (mallard and northern pintail) by one hundred to several hundred kilometers. For all three species, the broad (95% isopleth) and core distributions (50% isopleth) showed widespread decreases in overlap and increases in relative area compared to a 1960–1979 baseline period. Shifts in band recovery distributions varied by month, with southward shifts for blue‐winged teal most pronounced in October and northward shifts for mallard and northern pintail greatest during December and January. Finally, distributional metric response varied considerably among mallard subpopulations, including 2–4‐fold differences in longitude, latitude, and overlap, whereas differences among subpopulations were minimal for blue‐winged teal and northern pintail. Our findings support the popular notion that winter (December–January) distributions of duck species have shifted north; however, the extent and direction of distributional changes vary among species and subpopulations. Long‐term distributional changes are therefore complex and summarizing shifts across species, months, or subpopulations could mask underlying finer‐scale patterns that are important to habitat conservation and population management. A detailed understanding of how species distributions have changed over time will help quantify important drivers of species occurrence, identify habitat management options, and could inform decisions on where to focus conservation or restoration efforts.
Laser‐Constructing 3D Copper Current Collector with Crystalline Orientation Selectivity for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Gang , Hu Jin , Li Jun , Huang Jiaxu , Xu Shaolin
Published: June 2024

The practical application of lithium (Li) metal anodes in high‐capacity batteries is impeded by the formation of hazardous Li dendrites. To address this challenge, this research presents a novel methodology that combines laser ablation and heat treatment to precisely induce controlled grain growth within laser‐structured grooves on copper (Cu) current collectors. Specifically, this approach enhances the prevalence of Cu (100) facets within the grooves, effectively lowering the overpotential for Li nucleation and promoting preferential Li deposition. Unlike approaches that modify the entire surface of collectors, our work focuses on selectively enhancing lithiophilicity within the grooves to mitigate the formation of Li dendrites and exhibit exceptional performance metrics. The half‐cell with these collectors maintains a remarkable Coulombic efficiency of 97.42% over 350 cycles at 1 mA cm−2. The symmetric cell can cycle stably for 1600 h at 0.5 mA cm−2. Furthermore, when integrated with LiFePO4 cathodes, the full‐cell configuration demonstrates outstanding capacity retention of 92.39% after 400 cycles at a 1C discharge rate. This study introduces a novel technique for fabricating selective lithiophilic three‐dimensional (3D) Cu current collectors, thereby enhancing the performance of Li metal batteries. The insights gained from this approach hold promise for enhancing the performance of all laser‐processed 3D Cu current collectors by enabling precise lithiophilic modifications within complex structures.
Two‐Dimensional Graphitic Carbon‐Nitride (g‐C3N4)‐Coated LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Cathodes for High‐Energy‐Density and Long‐Life Lithium Batteries
Authors: Duan Zhenliang , Zhai Pengbo , Zhao Ning , Guo Xiangxin
Published: June 2024

High‐capacity nickel‐rich layered oxides are promising cathode materials for high‐energy‐density lithium batteries. However, the poor structural stability and severe side reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface result in unsatisfactory cycle performance. Herein, the thin layer of two‐dimensional (2D) graphitic carbon‐nitride (g‐C3N4) is uniformly coated on the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (denoted as NCM811@CN) using a facile chemical vaporization‐assisted synthesis method. As an ideal protective layer, the g‐C3N4 layer effectively avoids direct contact between the NCM811 cathode and the electrolyte, preventing harmful side reactions and inhibiting secondary crystal cracking. Moreover, the unique nanopore structure and abundant nitrogen vacancy edges in g‐C3N4 facilitate the adsorption and diffusion of lithium ions, which enhances the lithium deintercalation/intercalation kinetics of the NCM811 cathode. As a result, the NCM811@CN‐3wt% cathode exhibits 161.3 mAh g−1 and capacity retention of 84.6% at 0.5 C and 55 °C after 400 cycles and 95.7 mAh g−1 at 10 C, which is greatly superior to the uncoated NCM811 (i.e. 129.3 mAh g−1 and capacity retention of 67.4% at 0.5 C and 55 °C after 220 cycles and 28.8 mAh g−1 at 10 C). The improved cycle performance of the NCM811@CN‐3wt% cathode is also applicable to solid–liquid‐hybrid cells composed of PVDF:LLZTO electrolyte membranes, which show 163.8 mAh g−1 and the capacity retention of 88.1% at 0.1 C and 30 °C after 200 cycles and 95.3 mAh g−1 at 1 C.