bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving Tamoxifen Performance in Inducing Apoptosis and Hepatoprotection by Loading on a Dual Nanomagnetic Targeting System
Authors: Zhao Yanfang , Ding Wanbao , Zhang Peixian , Deng Lei , Long Yi , Lu Jiuqin , Shiri Fereshteh , Heidari Majd Mostafa
Published: April 2024

Background:

Although tamoxifen (TMX) belongs to selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and selectively binds to estrogen receptors, it affects other estrogen-producing tissues due to passive diffusion and non-differentiation of normal and cancerous cells and leads to side effects.

Methods:

The problems expressed about tamoxifen (TMX) encouraged us to design a new drug delivery system based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to simultaneously target two receptors on cancer cells through folic acid (FA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) groups. The mediator of binding of two targeting agents to MNPs is a polymer linker, including dopamine, polyethylene glycol, and terminal amine (DPN).

Results:

Zeta potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) methods confirmed that MNPs-DPN-HA-FA has a suitable size of ~105 nm and a surface charge of -41 mV, and therefore, it can be a suitable option for carrying TMX and increasing its solubility. The cytotoxic test showed that the highest concentration of MNPs-DPN-HA-FA-TMX decreased cell viability to about 11% after 72 h of exposure compared to the control. While the protective effect of modified MNPs on normal cells was evident, unlike tamoxifen, the survival rate of liver cells, even after 180 min of treatment, was not significantly different from the control group. The protective effect of MNPs was also confirmed by examining the amount of malondialdehyde, and no significant difference was observed in the amount of lipid peroxidation caused by modified MNPs compared to the control. Flow cytometry proved that TMX loaded onto modified MNPs can induce apoptosis by targeting the overexpressed receptors on cancer cells. Real-time PCR showed that the modified MNPs activated the intrinsic and extrinsic mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis, so the Bak1/Bclx ratio for MNPs-DPN-HAFA- TMX and free TMX was 70.82 and 0.38, respectively. Also, the expression of the caspase-3 gene increased 430 times compared to the control. On the other hand, only TNF gene expression, which is responsible for metastasis in some tumors, was decreased by both free TMX and MNPs-DPN-HA-FA-TMX. Finally, molecular docking proved that MNPs-DPN-HA-FA-TMX could provide a very stable interaction with both CD44 and folate receptors, induce apoptosis in cancer cells, and reduce hepatotoxicity.

Conclusion:

All the results showed that MNPs-DPN-HA-FA-TMX can show good affinity to cancer cells using targeting agents and induce apoptosis in metastatic breast ductal carcinoma T-47D cell lines. Also, the protective effects of MNPs on hepatocytes are quite evident, and they can reduce the side effects of TMX.
Ionic Liquids Immobilized Synthesis of New Xanthenes Derivatives and their
Antiproliferative, Molecular Docking, and Morphological Studies
Authors: Mohareb Rafat M. , Ibrahim Rehab A. , Al Farouk Fatma O. , Alwan Ensaf S.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Xanthenes and benzoxanthenesare are highly valuable compounds in organic chemistry
and medicinal chemistry. Xanthene derivatives were found to have many applications in medicinal chemistry.

Objective:

This work aims to explore the synthesis of xanthene derivatives with various substituents and find the
possibility of their uses as anticancer agents.

Methods:

The basic starting compound through this work was the 2,3-dihydro-1H-xanthen-1-one (3), which was
synthesized from the reaction of cyclohexan-1,3-dione and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Compound 3 was used to
synthesize new thiophene, pyrimidine, isoxazole, and thiazole derivatives based on the xanthenes nucleus. Fused
xanthene derivatives were obtained through further heterocyclization reactions. Multicomponent reactions expressed
in this work were carried out in the presence of solvent catalyzed by Et3N and in solvent-free ionic liquid
immobilized catalyst.

Results:

Cytotoxicity for the newly synthesized compounds toward cancer cell lines was measured, and the results
revealed that many compounds exhibited high inhibitions.

Conclusion:

The antiproliferative activity of the synthesized compounds was studied on six selected cancer cell
lines. The nature of the heterocyclic ring and the variations of substituted groups showed a high effect through
the inhibitions of the tested compound.
A Comprehensive Review on Synthesis of Thiazoles: Research on Magnetically Recoverable Catalysts
Authors: Hou Jinli , Kazemi Mosstafa
Published: April 2024

In chemistry, thiazoles and their derivatives constitute a significant class of
biologically active molecules that are thought to be the fundamental building blocks of numerous
other biologically active compounds. Many synthetic pharmaceuticals, including fungicides, dyes,
antimicrobials, and anticonvulsants, are made using thiazoles and their derivatives as an
intermediary. Thus, one of the main areas of organic synthesis research is the presentation of
effective and environmentally acceptable catalytic methods for the synthesis of thiazole
derivatives. Over the past ten years, organic synthesis in chemistry has been completely
transformed by the use of magnetic nanocomposites as catalysts. Magnetic nanoparticles are very
stable and easily manipulated on the surface, which can result in the creation of an efficient
catalyst. The main feature of magnetic nanocatalysts is their ability to be easily separated from the
reaction mixture using only an external magnet. In recent years, several magnetic nanocatalysts
have been reported to produce various thiazole compounds. We will look at these methods and
talk about the characteristics of these catalytic systems in this post. This review will be helpful for
synthetic chemists who are interested in magnetic nanocatalysts and working in the field of
thiazole synthesis.
Unveiling Current Advances in Bioelectronic Medicine: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Deshkar Sanjeevani S. , Ovhal Kalyani G. , Kothapalli Lata P. , Shirolkar Satish V. , Pagar Roshani R.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Bioelectronic medicine is an emerging therapy that makes use of neural signals and the nervous system to help in the treatment of injuries and diseases. The nervous sys-tem consists of disciplined circuits that involve the communication of every major organ of the human body as all the organs of the human body are regulated and controlled by neural circuits.

Objective:

The objective of this review is to overview the current implementations of bioelectron-ic medicines within the human body. The main target is to heal the body without administering a wide array of exogenous drugs. On understanding these neural circuits at a molecular level, it could be possible to understand, manipulate, and modify the body’s functioning with the help of electrical impulses to modify neural impulses.

Methods:

The literature related to bioelectronic medicines, and their applications was collected through different websites, academic research portals, and databases, sorted, and presented in this review.

Results:

Bioelectronic medicine is emerging as a cutting-edge area in healthcare, demonstrating its potential to transform the diagnosis and management of inflammation and related conditions. With established efficacy in a variety of disorders and marketed available treatments, it highlights an enormous shift toward individualized and specialized therapeutic approaches, providing prom-ise for improved outcomes and a higher quality of life for patients worldwide.

Conclusion:

The study focuses on potential advances in bioelectronic medicine for alleviating in-flammation and inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and spinal cord in-jury. Bioelectronic treatments provide innovative therapeutic options with the potential for con-siderable clinical effects.
A Review on Lipid-based Nanoformulations for Targeting Brain through Non-invasive Nasal Route
Authors: Chaudhri Nirvesh , Rastogi Vaibhav , Verma Anurag
Published: April 2024

The nasal method for administering nanoformulations to the brain has been examined and
proven successful by prior investigators. For the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders
such as neuropsychiatric, depression, Alzheimer and anxiety, intranasal administration has become
more popular for delivering drugs to the brain. This method offers direct transport through neuronal
pathways. The lipid-based nanocarriers like nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) appear more favorable
than other nanosystems for brain administration. The nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) system
can quickly transform into a gelling system to facilitate easy administration into the nasal passages.
The various compatibility studies showed that the other lipid structured-based formulations may not
work well for various reasons, including a low drug filing capacity; during storage, the formulation
showed changes in the solid lipid structures, which gives a chance of medication ejection. Formulations
containing NLC can minimize these problems by improving drug solubility and permeation rate
by incorporating a ratio of liquid lipids with solid lipids, resulting in improved stability during storage
and drug bioavailability because of the higher drug loading capacity. This review aimed to find
and emphasize research on lipid-based nanocarrier formulations that have advanced the treatment of
central nervous system illnesses using nasal passages to reach the targeted area's drug molecules.
Seguridad y legislación frente a amenazas al sistema de agua potable en España
Authors: Marchal-González Adrián Nicolás
Published: April 2024

Este artículo analiza la importancia estratégica de la seguridad en la infraestructura crítica del agua, como recurso fundamental para la vida humana. En particular, explora el sistema de seguridad de esta infraestructura en España, así como la legislación existente frente a las amenazas a las infraestructuras críticas, en particular la del abastecimiento de agua potable. Se describen los tipos de ataques que pueden presentarse, la preparación de los sistemas de seguridad pasiva y activa ante estos y el desarrollo legislativo para sancionarlos. Pese a ser un tema cada vez más crucial, debido a que esta infraestructura puede ser un objetivo terrorista con impactos incalculables sobre la vida, la salud, la economía y la sociedad, se concluye que hay vacíos en la tipificación y definición de sanciones contra este tipo de ataques en España.
Muertes violentas durante y después de la pandemia en Colombia
Authors: Fontalvo-Herrera Tomás José , Banquez-Maturana Ana Gabriela , Mejía-Zambrano Fabio
Published: April 2024

El artículo evalúa las muertes violentas durante y después de la pandemia de covid-19 usando un análisis de aprendizaje automático y de redes neuronales. Para ello, se utilizaron los datos registrados por la Policía Nacional sobre homicidios entre marzo de 2020 y junio de 2023. A partir de esos datos, se calcularon los perfiles de muertes violentas durante la pandemia (comprendida entre marzo de 2020 y diciembre de 2021) y en la pospandemia (es decir, entre enero de 2022 y junio de 2023). Luego, se llevó a cabo un análisis comparativo entre estos dos periodos y se usó una red neuronal de doble capa para clasificar y predecir futuras muertes violentas con una tasa de precisión del 100%.
La Resolución 1325 de 2000: su implementación en España y la OTAN
Authors: Tirado-Acero Misael , Cujabante-Villamil Ximena Andrea , Librado-Castillo Humberto
Published: April 2024

Este artículo examina cómo la Resolución 1325 de 2000 del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas (CSNU) y la Agenda sobre Mujer, Paz y Seguridad (Agenda MPS) de la ONU han sido implementadas e integradas por España y la OTAN en sus instrumentos de política pública. Desde la relación entre regímenes internacionales, se analiza la implementación y adopción de estas políticas de la Unión Europea en España. Se concluye que, si bien se evidencian avances importantes respecto a la implementación de la Resolución 1325 y la Agenda MPS, hay un margen importante para mejorar en temas de mujeres y seguridad en las políticas públicas.
The Impact of Stress on Father Involvement in Early Infancy: Examining Risk and Protective Factors in Residential and Nonresidential Fathers
Authors: Krueger Alyssa M. , Smith Kelsey , Pollock Arielle , Dunkel Schetter Christine , Mahrer Nicole E.
Published: April 2024

Residential and nonresidential fathers are taking an increasingly greater role in their children’s lives, and father involvement predicts positive child outcomes across development. This study utilized data from a large sample of racially and ethnically diverse fathers of low to middle income (n = 1,112) to test if paternal stress is associated with lower father involvement in early infancy and whether perceived social support is protective. Exploratory analyses examined whether the effects of stress on father involvement differ depending on whether a father lives with his child. Multiple regression analyses tested associations between three different forms of stress (perceived general stress, financial stress, major life events) and father involvement measured as time spent with infant, father confidence, and father provision of tangible support, and to examine whether social support moderated the relation. Controlling for residential status, results showed that perceived and financial stress in fathers were significantly associated with lower father confidence in parenting and lower provision of tangible support. In addition, higher paternal perceived stress related to less time spent with infants. Some patterns differed for residential versus nonresidential fathers. Further, only perceived available affectional social support emerged as protective. These results highlight the importance of identifying the unique types of stress that affect father involvement in the first few months of life, what may be protective, and a possible need to distinguish between residential and nonresidential fathers as they enter parenthood.
Digital Food Frequency Questionnaire Assessing Adherence to the Norwegian Food–Based Dietary Guidelines and Other National Lifestyle Recommendations: Instrument Validation Study
Authors: Henriksen Hege Berg , Knudsen Markus Dines , Hjartåker Anette , Blomhoff Rune , Carlsen Monica Hauger
Published: April 2024

Background

Valid assessment tools are needed when investigating adherence to national dietary and lifestyle guidelines.

Objective

The relative validity of the new digital food frequency questionnaire, the DIGIKOST-FFQ, against 7-day weighed food records and activity sensors was investigated.

Methods

In total, 77 participants were included in the validation study and completed the DIGIKOST-FFQ and the weighed food record, and of these, 56 (73%) also used the activity sensors. The DIGIKOST-FFQ estimates the intake of foods according to the Norwegian food–based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) in addition to lifestyle factors.

Results

At the group level, the DIGIKOST-FFQ showed good validity in estimating intakes according to the Norwegian FBDG. The median differences were small and well below portion sizes for all foods except “water” (median difference 230 g/day). The DIGIKOST-FFQ was able to rank individual intakes for all foods (r=0.2-0.7). However, ranking estimates of vegetable intakes should be interpreted with caution. Between 69% and 88% of the participants were classified into the same or adjacent quartile for foods and between 71% and 82% for different activity intensities. The Bland-Altman plots showed acceptable agreements between DIGIKOST-FFQ and the reference methods. The absolute amount of time in “moderate to vigorous intensity” was underestimated with the DIGIKOST-FFQ. However, estimated time in “moderate to vigorous intensity,” “vigorous intensity,” and “sedentary time” showed acceptable correlations and good agreement between the methods. The DIGIKOST-FFQ was able to identify adherence to the Norwegian FBDG and physical activity recommendations.

Conclusions

The DIGIKOST-FFQ gave valid estimates of dietary intakes and was able to identify individuals with different degrees of adherence to the Norwegian FBDG and physical activity recommendations. Moderate physical activity was underreported, water was overreported, and vegetables showed poor correlation, which are important to consider when interpreting the data. Good agreement was observed between the methods in estimating dietary intakes and time in “moderate to vigorous physical activity,” “sedentary time,” and “sleep.”
Canadian Armed Forces Veterans’ Perspectives on the Effects of Exposure to Children in Armed Conflict During Military Service: Protocol for a Qualitative Study
Authors: Baillie Abidi Catherine , Patten San , Houle Stephanie A , Hoffer Ken , Reeves Kathryn , Bélanger Stéphanie , Nazarov Anthony , Wells Samantha
Published: April 2024

Background

The mental health of military personnel has garnered increased attention over the last few decades; however, the impacts of perpetuating, observing, or failing to prevent acts that transgress deeply held moral standards, referred to as moral injuries, are less understood, particularly in relation to encounters with children during deployment. This paper describes a multiphased research protocol that centers around the lived experiences of Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) Veterans to understand how encounters with children during military deployments impact the well-being and mental health of military personnel.

Objective

This study has four objectives: (1) highlight the lived experiences of CAF Veterans who encountered children during military deployments; (2) improve understanding of the nature of experiences that military personnel faced that related to observing or engaging with children during military service; (3) improve understanding of the mental health impacts of encountering children during military service; and (4) use participatory action research (PAR) to develop recommendations for improving preparation, training, and support for military personnel deployed to contexts where encounters with children are likely.

Methods

The research project has 2 main phases where phase 1 includes qualitative interviews with CAF Veterans who encountered children during military deployments and phase 2 uses PAR to actively engage Canadian Veterans with lived experiences of encountering children during military deployments, as well as health professionals and researchers to identify recommendations to better address the mental health effects of these encounters.

Results

As of January 26, 2024, a total of 55 participants and research partners have participated in the 2 phases of the research project. A total of 16 CAF Veterans participated in phase 1 (qualitative interviews), and 39 CAF Veterans, health professionals, and researchers participated in phase 2 (PAR). The results for phase 1 have been finalized and are accepted for publication. Data collection and analysis are ongoing for phase 2.

Conclusions

Prioritizing and valuing the experiences of CAF Veterans has deepened our understanding of the intricate nature and impacts of potentially morally injurious events involving children during military deployments. Together with health professionals and researchers, the PAR approach empowers CAF Veterans to articulate important recommendations for developing and improving training and mental health support. This support is crucial not only during the deployment cycle but also throughout the military career, helping lessen the effects of moral injury among military personnel.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/57146
Comparative Evaluation of Ecological Momentary Assessment, Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, and Bouchard’s Physical Activity Record for Measuring Physical Activity: A Multilevel Modeling Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Noh Jung Min , Im Song Hyun , Park JooYong , Kim Jaemyung , Lee Mi Young , Choi JiYeob
Published: April 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Background: There is growing interest in the real-time assessment of physical activity and physiological variables. Acceleration, particularly those collected through wearable sensors, has been increasingly adopted as an objective measure of physical activity. However, sensor-based measures often pose challenges for large-scale studies due to their associated costs, inability to capture contextual information, and restricted user populations. Smartphone-delivered Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) offers an unobtrusive and undemanding means to measure physical activity to address these limitations.
Objective: To evaluate the usability of EMA by comparing its measurement outcomes with two self-report assessments of physical activity: Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and a modified version of Bouchard’s Physical Activity Record (BAR).
Methods: 235 participants (137 females, 98 males, 94 repeated) participated in one or more 7-day study. Waist-worn sensors provided by Actigraph™ captured accelerometer data while participants completed three self-report measures of physical activity. The multilevel modeling method was used with EMA, GPAQ, and BAR as separate measures, with eight sub-domains of physiological activity (overall physical activity; overall excluding occupational; move; moderate and vigorous exercise; moderate and vigorous occupational; sedentary) to model accelerometer data.
Results: Among the three measurement outcomes, EMA (β = .185, p = .005) and BAR (β = .270, p < .001) exhibited higher overall performance over GPAQ (β = .140, p = .019). EMA also showed a more balanced performance, compared to other measurement tools, in modeling various physical activity domains, including occupational, leisure, and sedentary behaviour.
Conclusions: Multilevel modeling on three self-report assessments of physical activity indicates that smartphone-delivered EMA is a valid and efficient method for assessing physical activity.telemedicine; smartphone; wearable electronic devices; physical activity
Hyperthermia as a factor of secondary brain damage in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Olenyuk D.V. , Tsarev A.V.
Published: April 2024

The development of hyperthermia (≥38.3 °C) in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with increased levels of disability and mortality, since it critically affects the development of secondary brain damage. At the cellular level, hyperthermia causes structural and functional changes in neurons through disruption of depolarization, transmembrane ion transport, cell signaling mechanisms, and damage to mitochondrial function. Hyperthermia can lead to necrosis or apoptosis of neurons. Among the systemic effects of hyperthermia is an increase in the permeability of the blood - brain barrier, causing the development of intracranial hypertension. This publication presents the pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of hyperthermia and its participation as a factor of brain damage in severe TBI, diagnostic criteria for hyperthermia of central origin and modern methods of controlled normothermia.
Particularities of the bone tissue regenerative properties of the proximal part of the tibia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with multi-plane knee deformities
Authors: Gerasymenko S. , Poluliah M. , Gerasymenko A. , Babko A. , Panchenko L. , Poluliah D.
Published: April 2024

Background. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has no equal among the musculoskeletal system diseases in terms of the severity of joint damage. Knee joint damage was noted in 65–70 % of RA patients and it is the most common cause of disability. The purpose was to study the indices of osteogenic activity of stromal (mesenchymal) stem cells (MSCs) of the articular bone ends of the knee joint in patients with secondary knee osteoarthritis (KOA) due to RA in the presence of multi-plane deformations. Materials and methods. The studied material was samples of cancellous bone of the anterior and posterior parts of the plateau of the proximal part of the tibia and spongiosa from a depth of 1 cm and 3 cm from the articular surface, namely from the proximal epimetaphysis of the tibia, removed during knee arthroplasty of patients with secon­dary KOA due to RA and in patients with primary KOA in the presence of multi-plane deformations. Using the method of cloning colony-forming units of fibroblasts (CSF) of bone tissues, 38 patients were examined, including 9 patients with RA and 29 patients with primary KOA with damage to the knee joint in the presence of multi-plane deformations. Results. The total number of nucleated cells in 1 cm3 of spongiosa of the front part of the tibial plateau was 2.3 times lower compared to the parameter of this index in the posterior part (p < 0.05). The characteristics of spongy tissue in terms of the number of nucleated cells and the content of CSF in 1 cm3 from a depth of 3 cm from the articular surface of the proximal epimetaphysis of the tibia of patients with RA were almost 3 times higher compared to the indices of patients with primary KOA (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Changes in the renovation processes of bone tissue in patients with secondary KOA due to RA and in patients with primary KOA in the presence of multi-plane deformations are unidirectional, but their expressiveness is greater in patients with RA. At a depth of 3 cm from the articular surface of the proximal epimetaphysis of the tibia, the conditions for secondary fixation of the leg of the knee joint replacement are much better, all other conditions being equal, so the "survival" of the endoprosthesis with an elongated leg will be greater.
Effectiveness of Bacillus genus application in the treatment of osteoarthritis by bioactive fish concentrate
Authors: Rekalov D.G. , Daniuk I.O. , Kulinych R.L. , Tarasenko T.M. , Samofal E.Yu. , Kostenko V.O.
Published: April 2024

Background. Understanding the impact of gut microbiota on the development of osteoarthritis (OA) and investigating the potential of probiotics as a treatment remain crucial areas of research. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a Bacillus-based probiotic in combination with a bioactive marine fish concentrate for the OA treatment. Materials and methods. This study included 38 patients diagnosed with grade II knee OA. A structural-modifying drug containing 0.2 ml of bioactive concentrate derived from small marine fish, was administered every other day in a dose of 2.0 ml (10 intramuscular injections in total) for 21 days. Twenty patients (main group) additionally received a probiotic containing bacteria of the genus Bacillus (B.subtilis, B.licheniformis, B.amyloliquefaciens, B.megaterium, B.pumilus) in the dosage form of oral suspension daily for the entire treatment period of 21 days. Clinical efficacy was assessed by the Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the questionnaire was comple­ted by all patients before the study and after 3, 7, 14 and 21 days of the therapy. Results. The findings showed a significant reduction in pain by 40.6 % (p < 0.001), stiffness by 36.8 % (p < 0.001), and improvement in knee function by 26.6 % (p < 0.05) in the main group (undergoing combined therapy with bioactive fish concentrate and the probiotic) on the 7th day of treatment. In the comparison group, a decrease in pain by 27.4 % (p < 0.05), stiffness by 25.0 % (p < 0.05), and improvement in joint function by 28.9 % (p < 0.05) were observed only on the 14th day of therapy. Conclusions. It was demonstrated that administering a probiotic composition containing bacteria from the genus Bacillus enhances the efficacy of bioactive sea fish concentrate in treating OA. Reduction in pain, stiffness, and improvement in joint function can be observed as early as the 7th day after initiating their combined use. In contrast, when using the bioactive concentrate of marine fish alone, the clinical effect is typically observed by the 14th day of treatment.
Assessment of the dalargin effect on the level of vitamin D and melatonin in blood serum in patients with malignant bone tumors and polymorbidity
Authors: Drobotun O.V. , Kolotilov N.N. , Konovalenko V.F. , Ternovyy N.K.
Published: April 2024

Background. Involved in many cascades of biological regulatory reactions, calcium, vitamin D and melatonin create a single metabolic pattern, maintaining the dynamic balance of bone tissue homeostasis. Nevertheless, these regulatory molecules, as structural and functional elements of bone tissue, play a crucial role in various cellular processes associated with oncogenesis and tumor progression. Synthetic peptide dalargin has wound healing, reparative, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anticarcinogenic, antitumor, and antimetastatic effects. The purpose of the study was to investigate the synthetic neuropeptide dalargin influence on the dynamics of vitamin D and melatonin blood serum le­vels as part of the treatment algorithm of patients with bone malignant tumors of the lower extremities and pelvis with polymorbidity and endoprosthetics. Materials and methods. The study inclu­ded a control (first) group and a main (second) group of clinical observation of patients with malignant bone lesions. The serum melatonin content was measured by enzyme immunoassay using reagent kits (No. RE54021) from IBL-Hamburg GmbH (Germany). Serum levels of 25-hydroxycalciferol (25(OH)D) were determined by the immunochemiluminescent method on an ARCHITECT 25-OH Vitamin D Controls automatic analyzer. Results. In patients who received dalargin, more pronounced positive dynamics were established in the normalization of 25(ОН)D and melatonin levels, and there was no exacerbation of concomitant diseases. In contrast to the data of patients who did not receive dalargin, in the group where it was used, there were no relapses or metastases of the tumor du­ring 14 months. A comparison of the 25(ОН)D and melatonin le­vels in patients 6–7 months and 12–14 months after treatment shows a tendency to recovery of indicators only in patients who were additionally treated with dalargin (p < 0.01). Conclusions. The study showed the possibility of using the neuropeptide dalargin to increase the effectiveness of the treatment of patients with primary malignant tumors with the burden of polymorbidity by influencing the levels of vitamin D and melatonin in the blood serum.
Variability of fruit shelf-life of commercial tomatoes and their hybrids crossing with insensitivity ethylene mutant tomato Sletr1-2
Authors: Wiguna Gungun , Bachtiar Nedya Putri , Anas Anas , Wicaksana Noladhi , Mubarok Syariful , Saadah Imas Rita
Published: April 2024

Tomatoes are climacteric fruits that experience a surge in respiration rate and ethylene production. This condition affects the fruits’ physiological deterioration, shortens their shelf-life, and degrades the quality of tomatoes. The study aimed to enhance the shelf-life of commercial tomatoes with different genetic backgrounds by utilizing the Sletr1-2 mutant, which has a lower sensitivity to ethylene. A randomized block design (RBD) was applied to achieve this goal, where 12 different plant genotypes were considered as treatments, and each treatment was replicated four times.  The results showed that fruit shelf-life was extended by crossing commercial tomatoes with Sletr1-2 mutant tomatoes. Genetic variability for all shelf-life characteristics were narrow. In contrast, there were broad phenotypic variability for fruit hardness and weight loss characteristics.
Effects of different management practices on the growth and yield of corn
Authors: Syafrizal Yusril , Sevirasari Nindy , Adileksana Cahyo
Published: April 2024

In Indonesia, corn is an important commodity that serves as the second source of carbohydrates after rice, whose productivity is influenced by management practices applied during cultivation. This research aimed to determine the effects of different management practices on the growth and yield of corn. This research was arranged in a single-factor Randomized Complete Block Design, with different agriculture management practices as treatments, consisting of TI1 = Best Practices (Drip Irrigation + Rice Husk + Mycorrhiza), TI2 = Farmers’ Practices (Furrow Irrigation) + Mycorrhiza, and TI3 = Farmers’ practices (Furrow Irrigation). The data observed were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and followed by the Post Hoc Tukey’s HSD at α= 5%. The results showed that the TI1 produced significantly higher plant height, stem diameter, leaf dry weight, weight of cob with cornhusk and kernel dry weight, and effectively suppressed weed growth compared to TI2 and TI3. TI1 produced a significantly higher number of leaves, root dry weight, and total dry weight compared to TI3, but not significantly different compared to TI2. TI1 produced not significantly different stem dry weight and harvest index compared to TI2 and TI3. The kernel dry weight per plant observed in TI1 was 157.63 g, which was 14.22% and 22.91% higher than in TI2 and TI3, respectively. Based on the coefficient correlation and path analysis, the number of leaves, plant height, and total dry weight should be considered as important plant growth variables to produce high kernel dry weight.
A Serial Cross-Sectional Study Investigating Unrealistic Optimism, Risk Perception and Protective Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Husna Sabiqotul , Apriliawati Denisa
Published: April 2024

Protective behavior is crucial and needed when crisis conditions occur, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study wanted to examine whether (1) unrealistic optimism is significantly correlated to risk perception; (2) risk perception significantly affects protective behavior (3) risk perception mediates the relationship between unrealistic optimism and protective behavior and (4) whether they (unrealistic optimism, risk perception, protective behavior) are sifted from early phase to middle phase of COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia context. This study used a cross-sectional quantitative method, involving 549 respondents (age mean 26.02) obtained through a nonprobability (accidental) sampling technique. The study was divided into two-time windows; study I during the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic and study II when the pandemic had been running for more than 1 year. The results confirmed there was a relationship between unrealistic optimism and protective behavior, risk perception and protective behavior, but risk perception does not mediate the relationship between unrealistic optimism and protective behavior. There was a shift in the level of unrealistic optimism, risk perception, and protective behavior over time, specifically between Study I and Study II. Respondents' unrealistic optimism in Study I was at a higher level compared to Study II. The risk perception of respondents has increased along with the longer duration of the pandemic. Meanwhile, the level of protective behavior of respondents has decreased along with the longer the pandemic lasts.
Crowdfunding for Social Impact using Blockchain
Authors: Kirwale Sameer
Published: April 2024

Abstract: In the realm of philanthropy and social impact, crowdfunding has emerged as a powerful tool for mobilizing resources towards meaningful causes. This project investigates the fusion of crowdfunding into technology that uses blockchain to engender a platform for social giving which is transparent and efficient. The system enables users to donate funds securely using Ethereum cryptocurrency through the MetaMask wallet, ensuring transparency and traceability of transactions. At its core, the project leverages Solidity smart contracts deployed on the Sepolia network via Alchemy to manage donation campaigns. Next.js is employed to develop an intuitive user interface that simplifies the donation process. Each campaign on the platform represents a social cause, and donors can contribute directly to these campaigns. One of the characteristics of blockchain, decentralization makes sure that donations are transferred in a secure manner to the intended recipients or campaign creators, reducing intermediary costs and enhancing trust. The system promotes accountability by providing donors visibility into how their contributions are utilized. By utilizing blockchain technology, this project not only streamlines the donation process but also addresses concerns around transparency and accountability in traditional philanthropy. It empowers individuals to support causes they care about directly, fostering a more inclusive and impactful approach to social giving. This abstract aims to elucidate the essence of the project in a clear and accessible manner, inviting readers of all backgrounds to understand and appreciate the innovative intersection of blockchain and social impact crowdfunding.
Nutri-Check-A Food Image Recognition and Calorie Counter Website
Authors: Rajput Vaishali S.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Nutri-Check is an innovative web-based platform designed to revolutionize dietary checking and calorie counting. This report provides an overview of the Nutri-Check platform, detailing its key features, functionalities and the underlying technology that powers its accurate food recognition and calorie counting capabilities. The primary goal of Nutri-Check is to simplify and enhance the process of monitoring dietary intake by allowing users to conveniently upload images of their meals. Leveraging state-of-the art image recognition algorithms, Nutri-Check identifies various food items within seconds, eliminating the need of manual entry of nutritional information. Nutri-Check employees deep learning and computer vision algorithms to accurately identify and categorize food items in uploaded images. Users receive instant feedback on the caloric content of their meals, aiding in better-informed dietary decisions. The Nutri-Check platform has the potential to significantly impact individuals’ health and wellness by promoting conscious and informed food choices
Soil physical properties as indicators of histosol degradation in Colombia
Authors: Aguillon-Estacio Ricardo Javier , Muñoz-España Irene Alejandra , Guerra-Acosta Adriana del Socorro , Bolívar-Gamboa Adriana , Pinzón-Sandoval Elberth Hernando
Published: April 2024

Changes in soil utilization exert detrimental effects on its properties, emphasizing the critical need for a thorough evaluation to mitigate their repercussions on the ecosystem. This investigation was conducted aiming to assess the physical degradation in histosol soils in the Putumayo department, Colombia, caused by alterations in land use. For this, we assessed two types of areas: those without intervention (T0) and those affected by deformation in mound structures caused by the combined actions of livestock and high moisture, commonly known as “tatucos”.  The assessment categorized these areas based on the percentage deformation incidence: low degradation (T1), moderate degradation (T2), and high degradation (T3). Sampling was conducted at a depth of 15 cm, both in the tatuco-affected zone and its surrounding area. Measurements were taken for mound height and diameter, as well as physical properties such as bulk and real density, porosity, volumetric moisture, penetration resistance, and the degree of organic material decomposition. The primary land use identified in the study area was extensive livestock farming. It was established that in areas with high levels of degradation (T3), there was an average mound diameter of 151.9 ± 4.46 cm and a height of 22.7 ± 2.59 cm. Regarding physical properties in the area adjacent to the mound, there was a bulk density of 0.24 g.cm-3, a real density of 1.62 g.cm-3, and a penetration resistance of 0.71 MPa. These values were significantly higher than those observed in areas without intervention. Hence, it can be inferred that the alteration in land use is causing a substantial change in the physical properties of these soils, which are vital for the agroecosystems in the southern regions of Colombia.
Cocoa Farmers and Agrochemical Safety Compliance:
Authors: Tham-Agyekum Enoch Kwame , Ankuyi Fred , Jones Ebenezer Osei , Tierku Albert Kuuzaa , Sarfo Derrick Kwadwo , Bakang John-Eudes Andivi , Amoako Prince Kwadwo
Published: April 2024

This study addresses the lack of empirical insights into the adherence of cocoa farmers to safety protocols. Specifically focused on agrochemical safety compliance, the research employs a quantitative approach and collects data from 385 cocoa farmers in the Nzema East Municipal through a structured questionnaire. The analysis utilizes mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentages, and Tobit regression models. The study finds that cocoa farmers exhibit a high level of knowledge and preparedness in agrochemical handling practices, positive agrochemical usage practices, and proper agrochemical storage practices. Cocoa farmers employ integrated pest management strategies, using diverse fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides to address crop health and productivity challenges. Tobit regression results showed that the extent of use of agrochemicals was significantly influenced by marital status, household size, farming experience, cooperative membership, and access to spraying machines and personal protective equipment. The research highlights the importance of integrating safety considerations into agricultural policies and practices, emphasizing the role of knowledge and awareness in influencing farmers' practices. It suggests the need for targeted interventions and educational programs to enhance agrochemical safety compliance among cocoa farmers.
Photonic entanglement with accelerated light
Authors: Pimenta R. C. Souza , Santos G. H. dos , Barreto A. B. , Celeri L. C. , Ribeiro P. H. Souto
Published: April 2024

Accelerated light has been demonstrated with laser light and diffraction. Within the diffracting field it is possible to identify a portion that carries most of the beam energy, which propagates in a curved trajectory as it would have been accelerated by a gravitational field for instance. Here, we analyze the effects of this kind of acceleration over the entanglement between twin beams produced in spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Our results show that acceleration does not affect entanglement significantly, under ideal conditions. The optical scheme introduced can be useful in the understanding of processes in the boundary between gravitation and quantum physics.
The Main Prayer Place for Women According to Hadith: Method Analysis al-Jam'u wa al-Tawfiq with Islamic Family Law Approach
Authors: M. Jakfar Tarmizi , Bin Adnan Boihaqi , Sitorus M. Andreansyah
Published: April 2024

The position of women in the hadith has a dignified and equal position among men in worship, social and various other activities. This study aims to discuss the main place of prayer for women according to the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad PBUH There are two different hadith narrations about the main place of prayer for women, in the mosque or at home. The research method used is qualitative-normative which is analyzed by the method of al-jam'u wa at-tawfiq, which harmonizes different hadiths then studies with the Islamic family law approach. The results showed differences in the history of hadith regarding the main place of prayer for women, the hadith derived from the narration of Aisha allows women in mosques while the hadith narrated by Ibn Umar explains that women are more important at home. As a result, hadith scholars also differ on the main place of prayer, whether in the mosque or at home. If using the method of al-jam'u wa at-tawfiq then this hadith can be compromised, Aisha's narration of allowing women to pray in mosques is when it is safe and does not cause slander. While the narration of Ibn Umar which explains that women are more important to pray at home if there is a concern of interference such as harassment or something dangerous. Some clerics allow prayers in mosques because women do not use fragrances, are not adorned, and must obtain permission from their husbands and guardians. In the perspective of Islamic family law, the prohibition of prayer in the mosque is not absolute, but conditional, women should be protected and treated with dignity and respect, therefore she is protected from slander and all forms of abuse.
Standard Operating Procedure for the Arrests and Detentions of Individuals with Autism in Four Countries
Authors: Mohd Kusrin Zuliza , Ab Rahman Roseliza Murni , Samuri Mohd Al Adib , Muhd Adnan Nurul Ilyana
Published: April 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is categorized under neuro-developmental disorders. Individuals with this disorder experience deficits in social interaction and communication skills as well as repetitive patterns of thoughts and behaviours. The purpose of this study was to comparatively analyze the similarities and differences in Malaysian PDRM Autism SOPs with other countries, namely Malaysia, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, and four countries in the United States, namely, Wisconsin, New Mexico, Illinois, and Virginia. This research focuses on discussing the important elements emphasized in SOPs and some aspects of similarities and differences between them. The research design is based on document analysis. The data were analyzed descriptively and thematically. Research results that autistic people put them at risk of committing violations of the law without realizing or intending to do so. Since they are also categorized as persons with disabilities, they are thus entitled to legal guarantees appropriate to their status. Therefore, their rights to equality and non-discrimination as persons with disabilities attracted worldwide attention holistically, resulting in specific Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in several countries, including Malaysia, namely, the Royal Malaysian Police Autism SOP (PDRM). Likewise, there are several important elements outlined in all SOPs, in aspects of their application, legal references, methods of arrest and detention, and intermediary assistance, and there are some similarities and differences between the SOPs analyzed. The implications of this study show the importance of SOPs for autism arrest and prisoners, to meet their specific legal needs.
Parenting Children in A Religious Perspective of Fishermen's Families In Sinjai, Indonesia: Structural Functionalism Approach
Authors: AB Syamsuddin , Syam'un Syam'un , Ilham Muh. , Jasad Usman , Rasyid Idris
Published: April 2024

Parents have an Islamic legal responsibility to raise children, which of course is carried out from conception to birth and school age, families living along the coast with fishermen status are responsible for making their children quality. This study aims to analyze and describe how fishing families, fathers, and mothers, have practiced Islamic parenting to form quality children. The research method used a qualitative-empirical approach analyzed using structural functionalism theory. The research stages explore the place that is the target of the research and then formulate theories that lead the researcher to look deeper into the problem being studied, the instruments in the researcher's own research because they are sensitive and react to environmental stimuli that are considered meaningful. The data collected is in a natural setting, it is expected that events will be experienced by individuals, the data collected is descriptive, in-depth interviews, documentation studies. The research results show that; The parenting pattern of fishing families is carried out during the conception period, namely; during pregnancy; When parents are pregnant with their child, they always control their words, behavior, honesty, and prayer before having sex. Birth period; Islamic preparation, welcoming with the call to azanand iqamat, salawat badar, aqiqah by giving a name according to Islamic recommendations. At school age, prepare for your child's needs and maintain interaction. From a structural functional perspective, the fishing community on the Sinjai coast carries out its function of caring for children by instilling religious values combined with cultural values.