bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strong Acid Extraction Methods for “Total Phosphorus” in Soils: EPA Method 3050B and EPA Method 3051
Authors: Church Clinton , Spargo John , Fishel Sarah
Published: May 2017

Core Ideas

Many agricultural labs have added environmental tests to their repertoire of protocols.

These labs test various media (soils, waste residuals, manures, and runoff waters) for P.

Almost no rigorous comparisons indicate what methods are best suited for this purpose.

We compared EPA 3050B and 3051 (with/without HCl) on various acidic and alkaline soils.

Both EPA 3050B and EPA 3051 gave reliable and comparable results.

The emphasis on controlling environmental phosphorus (P) losses from agriculture has expanded the role of agricultural laboratories in testing a variety of media for P, including soils, waste residuals, manures, and runoff waters. To estimate total P in soils, strong acid extraction methods, which actually measure total recoverable P, are generally used because true total digestion methods (e.g., USEPA method 3052 or perchloric acid digestion) possess an array of operational concerns and safety limitations and also typically extract forms of P that are of limited environmental import. We sought to assess the merits of two strong acid extraction methods, USEPA method 3050B and USEPA method 3051 (both with and without hydrochloric acid [HCl] addition), on a variety of acidic and alkaline soils typical of the northeastern United States. Both methods gave reliable results, although method 3050B without HCl showed somewhat lower (though not statistically significant) extraction efficiencies. Method 3051 was unaffected by the addition of HCl, and its extraction efficiencies were approximately 7% greater when compared to method 3050B, although the differences were only significant in one of the seven soils tested.
Os frutos do projeto artístico luliano em Portugal
Authors: Díaz Francisco
Published: May 2017

The main aim of this work is to present the most relevant news about the history of Lullism (the influence of Ramon Llull’s work and thoughts) in Portugal during the 14th and 15th centuries. Among other considerations on Lullian Portuguese studies (mainly the Livro da Corte Enperial and Boosco deleitoso), the textual links between D. Duarte’s Leal Conselheiro and the Introductorium magnae artis generalis -one of the apocryphal Lullian texts- are identified. At the same time, the identification of the so-called «reymonistas» (in D. Duarte’s book) with the members of the Congregation of Secular Cannons of Saint John Evangelist or lóios is explained.
A review of Mukta : An Ancient drug in Rasa Shastra
Authors: N. Sreeharsha , Sukumar Bargale Sushant , C H. Divyasree
Published: May 2017

In Process of Modernization and Rapid urbanization human beings are falling prey to various disorders. Unhealthy food habits and lifestyle play a major role in causing many ailments including Obesity. The prevalence of Obesity worldwide has dramatically increased during the last three decades. Obesity has significant effects on an individual's quality of life as well as their life expectancy. The treatment of many of these conditions which involves multi-drug regimens which can be associated with a variety of side effects. Although therapy with prescription of medication is often unavoidable lifestyle modifications can play a key role in Obesity. In Ayurveda and other alternative therapy can manage the obesity through Ahara (Diet) and Vihara (Lifestyle).
Efecto de la edad de rebrote sobre el perfil de ácidos grasos en gramíneas tropicales
Authors: Mojica Rodríguez José Edwin , Castro Rincón Edwin , Carulla Fornaguera Juan , Lascano Aguilar Carlos Eduardo
Published: May 2017

Se evaluó el efecto de tres edades de rebrote (tres, seis y nueve semanas) sobre la producción de forraje, calidad nutricional y perfil de ácidos grasos en gramíneas de pastoreo (diez cultivares y un híbrido)y en gramíneas de corte (cuatro cultivares). Se utilizó un diseño de parcelas divididas con bloques al azar, cuya parcela principal fue la especie forrajera y la subparcela, la edad de rebrote. Los ácidos grasos predominantes presentes en las gramíneas de corte y pastoreo fueron el palmítico (C16:0), linoleico (C18:2) y linolénico (C18:3). La concentración de ácidos grasos en el forraje fue afectada por el estado de madurez en las gramíneas de pastoreo y de corte, pero los efectos no fueron similares en todas las especies. Con excepción del pasto M. maximus cv. Tanzania, que presentó un mayor contenido de precursores de ácido linoleico conjugado, las demás especies presentaron contenidos similares de precursores, lo que sugiere que el uso de estas en la alimentación de bovinos en sistemas de doble propósito resultaría en concentraciones similares de ácido linoleico conjugado c9 t11 en la grasa de la leche.
Estimación de los desperdicios generados por la producción de trucha arcoíris en el lago de Tota, Colombia
Authors: Torres Barrera Nixon Hernán
Published: May 2017

En este artículo se estimaron los desperdicios totales
procedentes de la producción de trucha arcoíris,
Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum (Salmoniformes:
Salmonidae), en el lago de Tota, ecosistema de
agua dulce ubicado en el departamento de Boyacá
(Colombia), y su potencial impacto sobre este.
La producción de trucha se desarrolla de manera
intensiva en dicho lago desde 2005, utilizando
jaulas inmersas. Con datos obtenidos de la
Autoridad Nacional de Acuicultura y Pesca (Aunap),
la Corporación Autónoma Regional de Boyacá
(Corpoboyacá) y la Cámara de Comercio de
Sogamoso, se identificaron los piscicultores, su
ubicación geográfica en el lago y la producción
autorizada de las fincas. Con esta información se
calculó la cantidad de desperdicios producidos y
las cantidades de nitrógeno y fósforo generados
en este proceso. Según los resultados obtenidos,
se evidencia la contaminación del lago por la
producción intensiva de trucha y se recomienda
mejorar o modificar los métodos de producción
para minimizar la contaminación del agua.
Cambios en las propiedades fisicoquímicas de cuatro variedades de lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) durante el almacenamiento
Authors: Vargas Arcila María
Published: May 2017

La lechuga es una hortaliza de amplio consumo
popular, por sus beneficios para la salud y la nutrición.
Se estudiaron los cambios en calidad de cuatro variedades
(Alpha, Parris Island, Graziella y Lollo Rossa)
almacenadas durante 12 días a 5,5 ºC y 90 % HR. Se
determinaron contenido de agua, sólidos solubles
totales (SST), acidez titulable (AT), vitamina C, fenoles
totales, polifenol oxidasa (PFO), color y textura.
Las variedades de lechuga tuvieron tasas diferentes
de pérdida de agua y modificaciones en los SST y la
AT. La variedad Graziella tuvo el más alto nivel de
vitamina C. El contenido de fenoles totales se redujo
significativamente en el día 12 de almacenamiento.
No se observaron alteraciones en la actividad de
la PFO excepto en Lollo Rossa. El análisis Biplot
mostró correlaciones positivas y negativas de las
coordenadas L*, a* y b*, con lo cual se observó una
clara definición de dos grupos de lechuga: verde y
roja. Se hizo evidente la modificación en la tonalidad
del color de acuerdo con la posición de las hojas.
Se registraron cambios en la textura al final del
almacenamiento, que no alteraron la calidad del
follaje. Si bien los parámetros evaluados varían
según la variedad, la refrigeración contribuye
a mantener las propiedades del vegetal para el
consumo directo.
Evaluación de los impactos socioambientales asociados a la producción de panela en Santander (Colombia)
Authors: Ordoñez Díaz Martha Melizza
Published: May 2017

La panela es un producto alimenticio natural
caracterizado por su alto poder endulzante y su
valor nutricional. En el departamento de Santander
(Colombia), la transformación del jugo de caña de
azúcar en panela se lleva a cabo principalmente en
trapiches de manera artesanal, lo cual constituye
una fuente permanente de empleo para las familias
campesinas. De acuerdo con los resultados del
presente estudio, las condiciones actuales de
producción artesanal de esta actividad agrícola
implican gran esfuerzo físico y considerable riesgo
para la salud de los trabajadores. Además, origina
significativos impactos ambientales durante el
proceso de producción, en especial, la alteración
de la composición atmosférica, alteraciones en el
microclima y contaminación del recurso hídrico.
Así, con el objetivo de aportar a la sostenibilidad del
sector panelero en el departamento de Santander,
se presenta en este artículo un diagnóstico cualitativo
sobre los impactos bióticos, abióticos y antropológicos
generados por la producción artesanal de panela.
Inicialmente, se realiza una contextualización sobre
la industria panelera nacional, luego se describe el
proceso desde el corte de la caña hasta el empacado
del producto final, se caracterizan los impactos
identificados y se presentan algunas recomendaciones
para lograr un proceso productivo y sostenible en
términos ambientales.
Aplicacion de modelos geopolíticos en América Latina: los casos de Brasil y Colombia
Authors: Ostos Cetina María del Pilar
Published: May 2017

El presente artículo tiene como propósito retomar varios de los elementos fundamentales que brinda la geopolítica clásica con el fin de explicar la nueva reconfiguración de América Latina, a partir de la competencia de intereses hegemónicos que han dado lugar a que dentro de este diseño geopolítico, países como Colombia, ubicado geográficamente entre el mar Caribe y los territorios que conforman la cuenca andino-amazónica, se haya convertido en una especia de cerco estratégico (rimland) desde el cual se pretende “vigilar” las acciones de su vecino inmediato: Brasil, a quien se le podría considerar desde esa misma perspectiva el área pivote (heartland) más estratégica de toda la región sudamericana.
Cuba y la Unión Europea. Una perspectiva histórica
Authors: Ojeda Revah Mario
Published: May 2017

El artículo pasa revista a las relaciones de Cuba con los principales países de Europa Occidental, desde el triunfo de la Revolución cubana hasta la caída del bloque soviético. Asimismo explora las relaciones del régimen revolucionario cubano con la Unión Europea durante el periodo especial, los constantes desencuentros entre la Isla y la UE, especialmente tras la asunción por el bloque europeo de la “Posición Común” y la represión de la disidencia durante la llamada “Primavera Negra”. El artículo da cuenta del estancamiento actual de las relaciones bilaterales y de las perspectivas a corto y mediano plazo de las mismas.
Líneas de investigación y dialogismo en los procesos investigativos en el campo universitario ecuatoriano
Authors: Rodríguez Albán Martha
Published: May 2017

La actividad investigativa se encuentra inserta en las dinámicas del campo intercultural universitario de cada país, y es un requerimiento comúnmente señalado en los informes de evaluación y acreditación de dichas instituciones. En el contexto de las disputas de diversa índole que ocurren dentro del campo, el trabajo con líneas de investigación y la conformación de grupos de investigación son elementos que podrían aportar a la democratización de esta actividad y al desarrollo de una actitud dialógica entre los diversos actores, ellas contribuirían, asimismo, a promover el crecimiento de las propias instituciones universitarias y a la generación de un pensamiento liberador.
El Ojo que Llora: biopolítica, nudos de la memoria y arte público en el Perú de hoy
Authors: Moraña Mabel
Published: May 2017

El artículo analiza los debates en torno a la construcción y materialización de la memoria colectiva en Perú en relación con la guerra interna en la que Sendero Luminoso fuera enfrentado por fuerzas estatales, dejando un altísimo saldo de muertos en la región andina. El Ojo que Llora, monumento público erigido en conmemoración de los caídos en tales enfrentamientos, es estudiado en sus aspectos estéticos, éticos e ideológicos a través de los debates que suscitara su composición a la vez que como ejemplo de los problemas representacionales que plantea la materialización de un conflicto político cercano en el tiempo y polémico tanto en sus estrategias como en su interpretación.
Morbilidad Respiratoria en Prematuros Tardíos y Término Tempranos
Authors: Ceballos E , Maure CP , Sosa IA , Wainzstein D , Dipietro D , Burgos V , Cavallero N
Published: May 2017

Los Recién Nacidos prematuros tardíos (RNPTT) y los Recién Nacidos de Término Temprano (RNTt) son considerados una población de riesgo, con altos índices de ingreso hospitalario y morbimortalidad, mayor cantidad de días de internación y altas tasas de reingreso hospitalario en comparación a los Recién Nacidos de Término Tardío (RNTT). El Síndrome de distrés respiratorio es uno de los principales diagnósticos al ingreso, requiriendo distintos modos de soporte respiratorio, por lo tanto, requieren de cuidados especiales en unidades de media o alta complejidad, significando así un importante costo en salud.
Paper Certificate An efficient parabolic dish engine based on Rankine cycle
Authors: R. Ferreiro Garcia  , J. Carbia Carril  , A. DeMiguel Catoira  , J. Romero Gomez
Published: May 2017

In this research work, a case study carried out to evaluate the technical viability of a parabolic dish based concentrator to convert solar energy into electric power by means of a high performance Rankine cycle operating with, ethane, ammonia or water. The comparison of such cycles in terms of thermal efficiency and net developed work is the aim of the proposed research. The achieved results show that Stirling engine efficiency is so far lower than that of the Rankine cycle under the same operating temperatures since typical temperatures range from 650 °C to 800 °C resulting in Stirling engine conversion efficiencies of around 30 % to 40 %, while the proposed Rankine cycles can surpass such mark.
Accuracy Improvement in One-day Ahead Wind Power Output Prediction by Computational Fluid Dynamics Calculation
Authors: T. Kumano
Published: May 2017

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An ensemble-in-time forecast of solar irradiance
Authors: D. Díaz  , J.A. Souto  , A. Rodríguez  , S. Saavedra  , J.J. Casares
Published: May 2017

The increment of solar energy production requires an accurate estimation of surface solar irradiance. A forecast of surface solar irradiance allows estimate the energy production, and therefore minimizes the fluctuations in the electric grid supply.
In this work, hourly solar irradiance is estimated by means of the Weather Research Forecast meteorological model (WRF) in operational mode along 1-year. Different WRF outputs were combined to obtain an ensemble-in-time forecast, with four members. This solar irradiance forecast is validated against ground measurements at three locations in the northwest (NW) of Galicia (NW of the Iberian Peninsula) along one year.
Characterization of spray atomization and heat transfer for a swirl nozzle
Authors: Xie Jinlong  , Zhao Rui  , Fei Duan  , Wong Teck Neng
Published: May 2017

Spray cooling, a high heat flux thermal management, has received great attention from modern industrial and technological applications, such as power electronics, high-power lasers, and conversion systems etc. The focus of the present work is to investigate the spray characteristics and heat transfer of a swirl nozzle under a low pressure drop range. An open loop spray cooling system is developed to examine the heat transfer performance of the swirl nozzle by considering the effects of nozzle pressure drop, impinged spray height. A Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) system is applied to characterize the droplet Sauter Mean diameter, droplet velocity, spray angle, and spray pattern. It is found that the swirl nozzle under lower pressure drop helps to generate a full cone spray with a smaller spray angle, while the higher pressure drop produces better atomization quality. The heat transfer experimental results indicate that the droplet impingement is the primary cooling mechanism in the nonboiling regime of spray cooling, and increasing the pressure drop generally improves the heat transfer performance.
New Solutions for the Use of Solar Cooling in Hot and Humid Weather Conditions
Authors: I. Lafuenti  , G. Colangelo  , M. Milanese  , A. de Risi
Published: May 2017

Air conditioning is one of the areas that has a high electrical energy consumption, mainly during summer, in hot and humid climates. The major part of the air conditioning systems are based on the vapor compression cycle, but in the last decades solar cooling technology focused the interest of the scientific community and industrial world. Solar cooling deals with a heat driven cycle for cold production. This technology is well represented by absorption refrigerators and desiccant cooling systems. However, in hot and humid climates the latest cycles are not well developed, therefore the systems based on these cycles cannot face the full cooling load needed by the utilizer. Efforts have to be done in order to change their configuration and improve their efficiency. The aim of this paper is to propose new configurations for solar cooling systems and their adaptation to hot and humid climates
Optimal Power Tracker for Stand-Alone Photovoltaic system using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO)
Authors: B.C. KOK  , H.H. GOH  , H.G. CHUA
Published: May 2017

In recent years, many intelligent techniques and approaches have been introduced into photovoltaic (PV) system for the utilisation of free harvest renewable energy. Generally, the output power generation of the PV system rely on the intermittent solar insolation, cell temperature, efficiency of the PV panel and its output voltage level. Consequently, it is essential to track the generated power of the PV system and utilise the collected solar energy optimally. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is initially used to forecast the solar insolation level and followed by the Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) to optimise the power generation of the PV system based on the solar insolation level, cell temperature, efficiency of PV panel and output voltage requirements. This paper proposes an integrated offline PSO and ANN algorithms to track the solar power optimally based on various operation conditions due to the uncertain climate change. The proposed approach has the capability to estimate the amount of generated PV power at a specific time. The ANN based solar insolation forecast has shown satisfactory results with minimal error and the generated PV power has been optimised significantly with the aids of the PSO algorithm.
Increasing the Efficiency of Solar Cells by Combining Silicon- and Dye Sensitized Devices
Authors: B. Ohms  , A. Kleine  , U. Hilleringmann
Published: May 2017

This paper presents new integration techniques to combine silicon- and dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The idea of this work is to install DSSCs on the back side of silicon solar cell panels to make use of the reflected radiation from the ground or from solar cells arranged behind. It has been shown that the architecture of the combined solar cells can be designed as monolithic structure by depositing the DSSC layers one after the other on the back side of Si-cells or as hybrid structure by combining Si-cells with foil-DSSCs. To enhance the current efficiency the different kinds of cells were connected in parallel. The TiO2 nano particles, dissolved in dispersion, were coated on foil- or glass substrates. Here, it was possible to enhance the efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells by treating the semiconducting layer with pulsed UV radiation. As a result of the UV light treatment the short circuit current has more than tripled. Nevertheless, the cells maintain their low-cost characteristics, because synthetic dyes have not been used to coloured the nano particles. Additionally, the DSSCs were connected in series. Thus, it was possible to adapt the voltage of the DSSC to the voltage of the Si-cells
Application to optimize the geometry of a parallel kinematics sun tracker
Authors: M. de Simón-Martín  , C. Alonso-Tristán  , M. Díez-Mediavilla  , M. A. de Francisco-Iribarren  , R. Santamaría-Sánchez
Published: May 2017

A detailed description is made of a software application that is designed to optimize a sun-tracker mechanism. It takes the main characteristics of any given installation site into account: geographical coordinates, inclination and orientation of the assembly platform. The desired result is a low-cost mechanism, which will have minimum-length construction elements, which will maximize coverage, and which will furthermore have the most energy efficient configuration. A multi-objective optimization technique (MOEAs) and numerical methods have successfully been applied to achieve these design objectives. In addition, the most computationally efficient kinematic model for the mechanism is analysed.
Calibration of a Virtual Instrument for Power Quality Monitoring
Authors: I. Iljazi  , L. Arsov  , M. Cundeva-Blajer  , A. Abazi  , A. Abazi
Published: May 2017

The paper describes a virtual instrument for power quality monitoring based on NI LabVIEW™ platform and simultaneous measurements of electrical voltages and currents. The virtual power quality analyzer is realized by using National Instruments 9225 and 9227 modules for voltage and current measurements, respectively, NI cDAQ 9174, 4 slot USB chassis and a PC. The created virtual instrument measures power quality characteristics: power frequency, voltage variations, magnitude of rapid voltage changes, flicker severity, voltage unbalance, total harmonic distortion, as well as the elements of voltage dips, short interruptions, and long interruptions defined in the standard EN 50160 for voltage characteristics of supplied electricity. The measurement is according to the general guide on harmonics and interharmonics measurements IEC 61000-4-7. The calibration and verification of the power quality analyzer is a complex task and it is performed by using the laboratory calibrator FLUKE 5500A. The results of calibration and verification of the developed virtual instrument, as well as the results of power quality measurements near different lightning technologies are presented
Analysis of Newton-Like Extremum Seeking Control in Photovoltaic Panels
Authors: H. Zazo  , R. Leyva  , E. del Castill0
Published: May 2017

The paper adapts the NL-ESC technique to extract the maximum power from photovoltaic panels. This technique uses the gradient and Hessian of the panel characteristic in order to approximate the operation point to the optimum. The paper describes in detail the gradient and Hessian estimations carried out by means of sinusoidal dithering signals. Furthermore, we compare the proposed technique with the common ESC that only uses the gradient. The comparison is done by means of PSIM simulations and it shows the different transient behaviors and the faster response of the NL-ESC solution.
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor Failure Analysis in Overvoltage Condition
Authors: B.C. KOK  , M.S. Looi  , H.H. Goh
Published: May 2017

This paper presents the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) device failure analysis in overvoltage condition, which is a normal phenomenon occurring in a poor power quality utility system. In most of the IGBT gate drive design, conventionally it embeds the overvoltage protection circuit, however, the problem of short-circuit would still happen. Therefore, a detailed study had been carried out, where the overvoltage condition is being simulated to a boost Power Factor Correction (PFC) circuit implementing the IGBT as a switching device. A set of equations is derived for calculating the maximum junction temperature of an IGBT using the device switching characteristics during overvoltage condition. This approach can be used to determine the heat generation of IGBT device as well as identifying the root-cause of the short-circuit failure of hard switching design scheme during overvoltage condition.
Optimal Hydrogen Storage and Demand on Electricity Distribution Networks with Excess Wind Power
Authors: Stephen Carr  , Giuliano C. Premier  , Richard M. Dinsdale  , Alan J. Guwy  , Jon Maddy
Published: May 2017

The   use   of   excess   wind   energy   to   generate hydrogen for use as a transport fuel is investigated using Optimal Power  Flow  (OPF)  including  a  hydrogen  demand,  and  a  techno-economic  analysis  carried  out.  Using  this  method  to  generate hydrogen increases the utilisation of  wind energy  and allows  for a hydrogen demand to be supplied at or near  to the point of use. An OPF routine is developed in order to optimise the amount of wind  energy  utilised,  as  well  as  minimising  the  amount  of hydrogen  demand  not  met.  The  cost  at  which  the  hydrogen  is produced   was    found   to   be   dependent   on   the   operating methodology, component investment costs, and level of hydrogen demand.
Greenhouse Gases Emissions by Energy Production and Waste Disposal
Authors: Dace Arina  , Janis Kalnacs  , Alexandr Murashow  , Daina Grigale
Published: May 2017

Biomass is very important source for energy production in Latvia [1]. Wood biomass – firewood, wood chips and pellets are the main part of biomass, because 54,7 % of the state area is covered by forests. Also other kinds of biomass are playing significant role in the heat and electricity production. Such kinds of biomass are various agricultural and food production residues, livestock breeding buy-products, sewage sludge, organic part of household and industrial wastes, etc. Approximately 1/3 of energy is used for household in Latvia. The significant part of energy is produced in local heating facilities. They by large part of greenhouse gases (GHG) are produced in household. In the same time gases from the municipal waste disposals are also significant source of GHG. The results of measurements and evaluation of GHG emissions from biomass burning in household boilers and municipal solid waste disposals are reported in the present work. The calculations of GHG emissions are conducted by using software and data from Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre (LEGMC).
Advanced Universal Power Quality Conditioning Systems for Stabilizing Micro-Grid’s Frequency
Authors: B. Rahmani  , M. Tavakoli Bina
Published: May 2017

This paper proposes a new unified active filter to alleviate instantaneous unwanted oscillating powers as they may lead to frequency variations in weak systems. First, the paper presents negative impacts of capacitive loads on the shunt active power filter performance in compensation of instantaneous oscillating real power. Secondly, an advanced universal power quality conditioning system (AUPQS) for three-phase/four-wire systems under non-ideal waveforms is introduced. By considering the suggested compensation algorithm, the AUPQS is able to extremely suppress instantaneous oscillating powers caused by distorted-unbalanced load-terminal voltages. Moreover, an independent single-phase converter is suggested at the load-end in order to regulate the DC-link voltage. Therefore, the instantaneous oscillating powers perfectly suppress and thus, the source-end three-phase currents will be purely sinusoidal. The suggested AUPQS is used to stabilize micro grid frequency. The effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed AUPQS are confirmed by Matlab/ Simulink simulations.
Renewable Energies Increase, Fossil Fuels Replacement and Nuclear Option Assessment in the Portuguese Energy Mix
Authors: P.T. Flores  , J.C.O. Matias  , C.M.P. Cabrita  , V.M.F. Mendes  , J.P.S. Catalão
Published: May 2017

Due to the increase in annual electricity consumption occurring in Portugal and the rising price of fossil fuels, it is imperative to diversificate the energy sources available. The Portuguese investment in renewable energies has increased significantly in the past few years, especially in wind energy. Renewable energies are intermittent and dependent on weather conditions, so fossil fuels are still an important part of the Portuguese energy mix, but with tendency to decrease in the future. In this paper, the nuclear option has been considered alongside the renewable energies increase to reduce fossil fuels dependency, envisaging several plausible scenarios for fuel prices, installed capacity and investment costs.
A Direct Torque Control Method for CSC Based PMSG Wind Energy Conversion Systems
Authors: Nazanin Abdolghani  , Jafar Milimonfared  , Gevorg B. Gharehpetian
Published: May 2017

The Current Source Converter (CSC) technology is well suited for high power wind energy applications. Because it drives generally features like simple converter structure, smooth power injection at the grid side and excellent short circuit protection. The main drawback lays its dynamic torque response. An improved Direct Torque Control (DTC) method is proposed in this paper to overcome this drawback. Using DTC method for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSG) in a wind energy system has some advantages such as, simple control system and topology, ease of tracing Maximum available power from the wind and flux weakening control in high wind speeds. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control system, good dynamic response and acceptable MPPT capability.
Medium-voltage distribution feeders in open-loop and closed-loop arrangement
Authors: G. Štumberger  , K. Deželak  , M. Rošer  , R. Škof  , T. Kastelic
Published: May 2017

This paper deals with a medium-voltage distribution network. The feeders in the open-loop arrangement are changed to the closed-loop arrangement with the aim to improve reliability of the power supply. The paper focuses on the analysis of transient and steady-state operation in the closed-loop that is established by connecting feeders supplied from two different transformers located in the same transformer substation. The transformers are equipped with the tap changers that can change the amplitude of the 20 kV voltages in steps whilst the phase cannot be changed. The possibilities to control the active and reactive power at both ends of the medium-voltage loop are discussed for the case when only the voltage amplitude can be changed and for the case when the voltage amplitude and phase angle can be changed. A simple algorithm for closed-loop active and reactive control is applied. The results of simulations and field testing performed in a 20 kV network are presented.
A Computational and Experimental Performance Analysis of an Electromagnetic Voltage Regulator Proposal throughout Controlled Series Voltage Injection
Authors: F. P. Santilio  , T. V. da Silva  , J. C. de Oliveira  , J. A. F. Barbosa Jr
Published: May 2017

Power quality problems related to short or long time voltage variation have motived the search for voltage compensator techniques capable to provide dynamic voltage regulation to accomplish voltage supply levels in accordance with electrical energy agencies acceptable levels. Although one could recognize that a variety of products already offered in the market are capable of attending general electrical power system requirements the available technology comprises quite simple devices till very sophisticate ones. Having in mind the combination of simplicity, competitive cost, low maintenance need and an attractive performance at recovering the voltage deviations, then an electromagnetic concept to restore the desirable voltage within the established voltage levels is here proposed. The control strategy to be used can provide properties that enable this new device at proving the time response in accordance with the needs for long term and short term voltage variations. Concerning the proposed compensator physical topology it consists in extracting the necessary electrical power throughout a shunt transformer and the injection via a series unit. Besides the arrangement, the paper goes further by establishing a computational time domain model and a laboratory experiment to highlight the overall structure effectiveness at compensating voltage changes.
Remodelling of the heating systems of a sports centre based on life cycle assessment. Part I: Boiler replacement.
Authors: I. Oribe-García  , A.M. Macarulla-Arenaza  , A. Alonso-Vicario
Published: May 2017

The remodelling study of heating and cooling installations of the municipal sports centre of Ordizia (Spain) has been widened including a renewable energy proposal, integrating also the concept of life cycle analysis (LCA) of the installation which allows therefore, to analyze the environmental impact prior its approval and implementation. The analysis of the inclusion of two set of solar panels (thermal and photovoltaic) in addition to the substitution of the old diesel boiler by a more efficient natural gas equipment, in order to satisfy the power demand of the installations, has been studied by means of life cycle analysis. The supply directly from the grid is the alternative with the greatest impact, while the photovoltaic is the most efficient one from an environmental standpoint. However, when solar irradiation is insufficient for the needs of the sports centre, a hybrid system is the best choice. In a similar way, in order to satisfy the heat demand, the combination of thermal panels with the natural gas boiler has been proven to be a good solution.
Very short-term load forecast for demand side management in absence of historical data
Authors: Neusser, Lukas  , Canha, Luciane N.  , Abaide, Alzenira  , Finger, Maicon
Published: May 2017

Load   forecasting   plays   an   important   role   in today’s  electricity  grid,  due   to   the   presence   of   distributed generation.  In  this  paper,  various  methods  for  short-term  load forecasting  are  presented  with  the  purpose  to  serve  as  tool  to operate within a demand side management system. The need for large   amount   of   historical   data   is   avoided,   opening   the possibility  for  immediate  use  by  customers  without  recorded load  history.  Widely  distributed,  such  system  can  increase  the reliability  of  the  modern  grid.  The  results  showed  that  the  Holt-Winters  forecasting  procedure  give  better  results  in  comparison to  neural networks  with  gradient  descent,  principally  if  the  load rises fast in the early morning hours.
Design and Simulation of Supercapacitor Energy Storage System
Authors: M. Al-Ramadhan  , M. A. Abido
Published: May 2017

STATCOMs are widely used to enhance power system stability. They can exchange reactive power with the power system, but they have limited ability to exchange real power because they don’t include energy storage devices. STATCOMs coupled with energy storage devices such as batteries have been introduced to improve their ability to exchange real power. However, batteries have a limitation in their maximum deliverable power because of the slow chemical process required to release their energy. The trend now is to use supercapacitor energy storage systems "SCESS" as energy storage for STATCOMS. Supercapacitors have lower energy storage but higher power exchanging capability compared to batteries. This paper presents the analysis, design, and control of a supercapacitor energy storage system (SCESS) for a STATCOM. A peak current mode controller is used to control the SCESS system. Simulation results of the SCESS system are presented which indicate excellent performance of the proposed SCESS system.
RTDS Implementation of the Optimal Design of Grid-connected Microgrids Using Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: M. A. Hassan  , M. A. Abido
Published: May 2017

The  dynamic  nature  of  the  distribution  network challenges  the  stability  and  control  of  the  microgrid.  In  this paper,   a   simplified   simulation   model   of   an   inverter-based microgrid  in  the  grid-connected  mode  is  implemented  in  real-time   on   a   Real-Time   Digital   Simulator   (RTDS®).   The simulation is performed fast because RTDS works in continuous sustained real-time. All components such as the inverter bridge, LC  filter,  coupling  inductor  and  grid  are  modeled  using  their physical  representation  in  standard  library  blocks.  The  inverter bridge  is  modeled  by  the  assumption  of  ideal  sources.  Optimal design  of  the  LC  filter,  PI  controllers,  and  damping  resistance obtained   using   particle   swarm   optimization   (PSO)   in   the optimal nonlinear model of the grid-connected microgrid is used in the simulation model. Nonlinear time domain simulation has been  carried  out  to  assess  the  effectiveness  of  the  proposed controllers  under  disturbance.  The  results  show  satisfactory performance   with   efficient   damping   characteristics   of   the microgrid    considered    in    this    study.    Additionally,    the effectiveness  of  proposed  approach  for  optimizing  different parameters  and  its  robustness  have  been  confirmed  through  the nonlinear  time  domain  simulations.  The  performance  of  this controller has been verified in simulation using a RTDS.
Potencial antioxidante dos diferentes extratos de Morinda citrifolia por TLC-DPPH•
Authors: Sevalho Elison de Souza , Rocha Waldireny Caldas
Published: May 2017

Introdução: As substâncias antioxidantes ocupam um lugar de destaque dentro das diferentes áreas da indústria, sendo importante a realização de pesquisa sistematizada desses compostos e de suas capacidades de neutralizar agentes nocivos, como por exemplo, os radicais livres. A espécie Morinda citrifolia, conhecida por noni, possui uma longa história de uso como remédio popular. Objetivo: buscar substâncias com capacidade antioxidante em diferentes extratos de M. citrifolia. Metodologia: A semente, raiz, caule e folha foram seca em estufa de ar circulante e trituradas em moinho de facas do tipo Willy, com exceção da polpa. Os extratos foram obtidos através de extração sequencial com solventes de polaridade crescente (hexano, acetato de etila e metanol) por maceração em mariotte. As análises da capacidade antioxidante foram realizadas pela técnica TLC-DPPH• em duas etapas. A primeira etapa realizou-se varredura para determinar quais dos extratos obtidos possuem capacidade antioxidante por TLC-DPPH•. A segunda etapa avaliou-se os extratos ativos, e através do perfil cromatográfico identificou o Rf com atividade antioxidante. Resultados: A avaliação antioxidante por TLC-DPPH• na primeira etapa observou-se que somente o spot do extrato em acetato de etila da semente demonstrou melhor atividade antioxidante quando comparando aos padrões utilizados. Na segunda etapa somente o Rf=0,7 do extrato em acetato de etila apresentaram a atividade antioxidante, comparado com os padrões. Conclusão: O método TLC-DPPH• demonstrou ser um procedimento rápido e preciso na separação de diferentes extratos e na identificação de compostos ativos, sendo que abordagem mostrou perspectivas de isolamento de substâncias com propriedades antioxidantes.
Avaliação dos hábitos e conhecimento dos estudantes da área de saúde sobre a fotoexposição e o uso do protetor solar
Authors: Borges Viviane Santos , Nunes Hada Laíse , Limonta Isadora Delbiancho Coelho , Vieira Juliana Fabrícia Leal
Published: May 2017

Introdução: Muitos são os efeitos nocivos provenientes da radiação ultravioleta (RU). A informação criteriosa sobre os danos solares e sua prevenção é o principal aliado da saúde em questão. Objetivo: Avaliar os hábitos e conhecimentos de estudantes universitários, matriculados em sete cursos distintos da área da saúde, sobre a fotoexposição e uso do protetor solar. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal observacional, realizado com 253 estudantes de sete cursos da área de saúde. Foi aplicado um questionário, que investigou características demográficas, fototipos, fotoexposição, uso e conhecimento do filtro solar, presença de manchas e histórico familiar de câncer de pele. Resultados: Grande parte dos estudantes era do sexo feminino e os fototipos mais frequentes foram três e dois, com idade entre 21 e 25 anos. A maioria dos acadêmicos (n=136, 54%) se expunha ao sol no máximo uma hora por dia, sendo o horário crítico das 10 às 15 horas o turno de constante exposição (n=129, 51%). O uso dos meios físicos de proteção foi relatado por 47% (n=119). Em geral, as universitárias se mostraram mais preocupadas em utilizar o produto no rosto (Z=-4,8, p=0,000) e mais cientes sobre os efeitos preventivos (p≤0,04). Não foram observadas associações entre ter manchas e uso do FPS (r≤10, p>0,05). Conclusão: Os universitários se preocupam em usar o protetor solar e estão cientes dos principais riscos da fotoexposição. No entanto, o conhecimento específico e a forma correta de aplicação do produto precisa ser melhor esclarecido. Palavras-chave: Radiação Ultravioleta; Conhecimento; Hábitos; Universitários; Saúde Pública.
Un nuevo marco legal para la evaluación
Authors: Paja Fano Mercedes
Published: May 2017

La íntima conexión existente entre transparencia y los procesos evaluativos se ha puesto de manifiesto, con mayor o menor desarrollo y alcance, en la normativa autonómica reguladora de la transparencia aprobada o en fase de proyecto. Se efectúa un recorrido por el panorama estatal y sobre todo, autonómico con el propósito de dar a conocer el tratamiento otorgado a la evaluación, que se inicia en planes y programas y culmina en políticas públicas, incluyendo en ocasiones participación ciudadana. Sea de uno u otro modo, la evaluación se constituye legalmente como una herramienta esencial para la rendición de cuentas.
Rentas Mínimas de Inserción de las Comunidades Autónomas: una visión conjunta de su evolución y alcance
Authors: Arriba Ana
Published: May 2017

En este artículo se lleva a cabo una aproximación evaluativa al conjunto de programas autonómicos de Rentas Mínimas de Inserción (RMI). Estos programas ofrecen una prestación de garantía mínima de ingresos en situaciones de necesidad probada destinada a la inserción social de sus perceptores. En el texto se estudia el particular proceso de implantación de los RMI por parte de los gobiernos autonómicos así como las trayectorias que han seguido con posterioridad. Estos procesos explican en buena medida los límites para evaluar su alcance. A pesar de lo cual, es posible, a partir de la evidencia disponible (indicadores de esfuerzo presupuestario, intensidad y cobertura), señalar que las reformas y transformaciones que han seguido las RMI en la última década no sólo no han mejorado su escasa capacidad protectora frente a la pobreza sino que han incrementado su heterogeneidad y fragmentación. Las conclusiones indican que el refuerzo y la armonización de la acción protectora de los RMI, junto con un esfuerzo de coordinación de los diferentes agentes implicados, contribuirán a la mejora de la lucha contra la pobreza y la exclusión social en España.
El papel de la comunicación en la gestión de las situaciones de crisis desde las administraciones públicas
Authors: Alcantud Ana , Mazo Dafne
Published: May 2017

En un contexto de crisis, las administraciones públicas juegan un papel crucial a la hora de gestionar los recursos. Durante el episodio de sequía vivido en Cataluña entre 2007 y 2008, se aprobaron instrumentos legales que establecían las bases para la promoción de campañas comunicativas orientadas a implicar a los consumidores en un uso racional del agua, con el fin de poder garantizar el suministro doméstico y así poder cubrir sus necesidades vitales. El artículo se centra en el análisis de las actividades comunicativas promovidas por las administraciones autonómicas y locales. Se analiza su funcionamiento, efectos e impacto ambiental tanto en términos de cambio de hábitos de la población como en términos cuantitativos de efectividad en el ahorro doméstico de agua. Asimismo, se quiere determinar cuáles son los elementos clave de la comunicación institucional para promover una gobernanza que incremente la complicidad de la ciudadanía, aumente la efectividad de las actividades promovidas en el ámbito de la sostenibilidad y sirva para legitimar la intervención de las administraciones públicas en ámbitos privados como el del consumo, en pos de la promoción de la sostenibilidad y el uso racional de los recursos naturales, escasos y finitos.
Aportaciones a la construcción de un modelo de desarrollo local: la experiencia del Ayuntamiento de Catarroja
Authors: Calvo Palomares Ricard , Aguado i Hernàndez Juli Antoni
Published: May 2017

En la sociedad actual, la información se ha convertido en el intangible más preciado para cualquier organización que pretenda alcanzar sus objetivos en términos de eficiencia. Este artículo centra su interés en la importancia que tiene, para la administración pública local contemporánea, contar con información suficiente de sus actuaciones para mejorar su intervención sobre el territorio y en las dificultades que encuentra en la generación de conocimiento sobre los procesos de desarrollo socioeconómico. Frente a esta situación, se presentan las aportaciones al modelo de desarrollo local del sistema de información permanente de la realidad socioeconómica del Ayuntamiento de Catarroja (Valencia). Éste pone de manifiesto cómo las agencias de desarrollo local están en condiciones de convertirse en un observatorio del territorio en el cual actúan y en una de las principales fuentes de información para los agentes institucionales, económicos y sociales del mismo.
EFISIENSI PEMILIHAN ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA WARALABA
Authors: Yuniarti Rahmi
Published: May 2017

AbstractFranchise as a business contract between franchisor and frachisee which in the practice sometimes leads to a dispute. A dispute happens because their rights and obligations are not met. Dispute settlement businesses can choose a judiciary or non-judiciary institution. However, considering of the business continuity, the dispute must be resolved so each side can fulfill their needs to solve the dispute. The problems in this study are the factors that can arise disputes franchise and the efficiency of selecting alternatives of dispute resolution to resolve the dispute franchise. This type of the research used by the researcher is a normative legal research. This type of research is a descriptive research. The conclusions of this study are the factors that cause disputes franchise is the existence of rights and obligations are not met and fulfilled, and it happens mostly because the oversight and discontinuance of the franchise that are assumed not giving advantages or inflicting one of the parties. Moreover, there are possibilities of not keeping promises which have been decided before. Keywords: Alternative Dispute Resolution, Franchise Dispute AbstrakWaralaba sebagai suatu kontrak bisnis antara franchisor dan frachisee dalam pelaksanaannya tidak sedikit yang menimbulkan suatu sengketa. Suatu sengketa muncul dikarenakan adanya hak dan kewajiban yang tidak terpenuhi. Penyelesaian sengketa bisnis dapat memilih lembaga pengadilan atau lemabaga non-peradilan. Namun, dengan pertimbangan akan kelanjutan bisnis yang dijalani alternatif penyelesaian sengketa dianggap lebih dapat menyalurkan keinginan para pihak untuk menyelesaiakan sengketa bisnis. Permasalahan pada penelitian ini adalah faktor-faktor yang dapat menimbulkan sengketa waralaba dan efisiensi pemilihan alternatif penyelesaian sengketa untuk menyelesaikan sengketa waralaba. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan penulis dalam penelitian ini adalah bersifat penelitian hukum normatif. Tipe penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Simpulan dari penelitian ini, faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan timbulnya sengketa waralaba adalah adanya suatu hak dan kewajiban yang tidak terpenuhi dan paling banyak terjadi dikarenakan pengawasan dan pemutusan hubungan waralaba yang dianggap merugikan salah satu pihak. Selain itu, ketidakpastian karena ada kemungkinan tidak ditepatinya janji serta risiko permintaan yang tidak sesuai dengan yang direncanakan. Kata Kunci: Penyelesaian Sengketa, Sengketa Waralaba