bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALIZA UTICAJA I EFIKASNOST DIGTALNIH MEDIJA U PROCESU UPISA NA VISOKOŠKOLSKE USTANOVE
Authors: Ostojić Bojana , Ružić Jelena
Published: January 2025

U današnjem sve dinamičnijem okruženju visokog obrazovanja, primena marketing koncepta nije samo poželjna već i neophodna za postizanje željenog tržišnog pozicioniranja i sticanje konkurentske prednosti. Visokoškolske institucije sve više prepoznaju važnost usmeravanja svojih strategija ka pružanju obrazovnih usluga koje efikasno odgovaraju na potrebe i želje ciljnog tržišta. Uvođenje informaciono-komunikacionih tehnologija kao ključnog faktora, postaje imperativ kako bi se privukla pažnja i povećao broj studenata. U kontekstu sveprisutnosti digitalnih tehnologija, visokoškolske institucije koje usvoje napredne marketinške strategije na internetu ne samo da jačaju svoju reputaciju i privlače nove studente, već i osiguravaju svoju dugoročnu održivost i konkurentnost u modernom akademskom okruženju. Važnost primene digitalnih medija u komunikaciji sa studentima prepoznata je od strane privatnih i državnih visokoškolskih ustanova. Međutim, njihovi pristupi se mogu razlikovati u zavisnosti od finansijskih resursa, ciljeva i specifičnih karakteristika institucija.
KEY DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR GLOBAL PRESENCE OF LOCAL DIGITAL MARKETING AGENCIES IN REGION
Authors: Veljković Sanja , Mamula Nikolić Tatjana
Published: January 2025

The paper aims to answer the question of which factors might influence the success or failure of collaborations with clients from other countries and seeks to enhance the understanding of business models in local digital marketing agencies, as well as the challenges these agencies face. The core issue addressed is how to effectively and efficiently diversify the base of international clients to ensure sustainable operations in the dynamic digital market. By identifying successful strategies, this desk research can contribute to the development of business practices within the industry and enable local agencies in region to position themselves as competitive players on the international stage.
MARKETING THROUGH THE PRISM OF TIME: TRADITIONAL, DIGITAL AND AI – WHAT’S NEXT?
Authors: Milovanović Mirjana , Dušanić-Gačić Svetlana , Novaković Vesna
Published: January 2025

In addition to the large number of definitions of marketing, which have been given by researchers and marketers for decades, the simplest conclusion is that marketing is a discipline that is constantly developing, adapting to changes in society, technology and, above all, consumer behavior. The future of marketing is rapidly evolving, driven by the shift from traditional to digital platforms and the integration of AI technologies. The future of marketing will likely see an even greater reliance on AI-driven insights, augmented reality experiences, and voice search optimization. As technology advances, the boundaries between traditional and digital marketing will continue to blur, leading to a more integrated, data-driven approach that prioritizes consumer experience and engagement. There is only one truth - Marketers who adapt to these changes will thrive in this dynamic environment.
GUBICI PO PRORAČUN USLIJED SIVE EKONOMIJE
Authors: Piljić Jozo
Published: January 2025

Siva ekonomija ili rad u neslužbenom gospodarstvu jedna je od pojava koje imaju velik utjecaj na proračun i cjelokupno gospodarstvo zemlje. Šteta za proračun je neposredna – neostvarivanje planiranih poreznih prihoda, dok je za privredne subjekte najčešće posredna – oni privredni subjekti koji uredno plaćaju poreze diskriminirani su u konkurenciji sa sektorom sive ekonomije. Glavni razlozi za pojavu sive ekonomije su izbjegavanje ili utaja poreza. odnosno izbjegavanje ili kršenje propisa koji reguliraju privredne transakcije. Međutim, u nekim situacijama, izbjegavanje ili utaja poreza nisu primarni uzrok ili namjera, nego posljedica obavljanja zabranjenih aktivnosti, koje se, budući da su ilegalne, ne mogu prijaviti poreznim tijelima. Tako namjerno izbjegavanje jednih obveza uzrokuje nenamjerno izbjegavanje drugih, a neprijavljivanje radnika i prikrivanje dobiti ili dohotka zbog izbjegavanja poreza na dobit ili dohodak za posljedicu ima izbjegavanje doprinosa za zdravstveno i penzijsko/mirovinsko osiguranje (PIO/ MIO). Veliku ulogu u smanjenju sive ekonomije ima i država, koja bi takvo obavljanje djelatnosti trebala spriječiti.
ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT AS PART OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
Authors: Pravdić Predrag , Đorđević Violeta , Erić-Obućina Jelena , Obućina Vladan
Published: January 2025

Renewable energy is energy produced from the Earth’s natural resources, those that can be replenished faster than they are used up. Switching to these renewable energy sources is key to combating climate change. One of the most significant challenges of our time is the environmental crisis, mainly caused by the excessive use of fossil fuels. Burning coal, oil and natural gas releases greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, trapping heat and causing global temperatures to rise.
NASILJE KAO DRUŠTVENI FENOMEN
Authors: Trifunović Vesna
Published: January 2025

Različiti vidovi sukoba i nasilja su stalno prisutni u ljudskom društvu. Tipovi društava su se menjali kroz istorijsku dimenziju, ali sukobi, koje prati nasilje, postali su njihovo nepromenljivo obeležje. Osnovno istraživačko pitanje kojim se ovaj rad bavi jeste da li čoveka na sukobe i nasilje pokreće njegova priroda (biološke osnove ponašanja koje su van kontrole pojedinca) ili njegovo nasilno ponašanje oblikuju sredinski faktori? Cilj rada je da istakne uticaj kulture/kulturnih konstrukcija na pojavu sukoba i nasilja u ljudskom društvu. Strukturu rada čine sledeće celine: u prvoj je pažnja posvećena definisanju sukoba i nasilja i uzrocima njihovog pojavljivanja; u drugoj je prikazan odnos zapadne civilizacije prema nasilju; u trećoj je predstavljen antropološki pristup proučavanju sukoba; u četvrtoj celini je dat osvrt na značaj socijalizacije i formalnog obrazovanja u stvaranju osnova za formiranje kulture nenasilja. Osnovni nalazi istraživanja pokazuju da je nasilje, u prvom redu, povezano sa društvenim i kulturnim kontekstom, što upućuje na zaključak da akteri koji uoblićavaju proces socijalizacije mogu da imaju presudnu ulogu u formiranju odnosa prema nasilju.U tom smislu, formalno obrazovanje, svojim ukupnim delovanjem može značajno da doprinesu učenju kulture nenasilja. U radu je primenjena deskriptivno-analitička metoda.
DJECA U SUKOBU SA ZAKONOM U PRAVOSUDNOM SISTEMU CRNE GORE
Authors: Smolović Valentina , Radonjić Mitar
Published: January 2025

Zakonom o postupanju prema maloljetnicima u krivičnom postupku, koji u pravnom sistemu Crne Gore predstavlja specijalizovani pravni akt, predviđene su posebne mjere zaštite za djecu kao učesnike u krivičnom postupku, uključujući djecu koja su žrtve krivičnog djela, kao i djecu svjedoke. Pravosudni sistem Crne Gore poštuje sve međunarodne konvencije vezane za prava djece i njihovu zaštitu što ukazuje I na posvećenost samog društva ovom sve izazovnije problem u XXI vijeku. U radu ćemo ukazati na specifičnosti Zakona o postupanju prema maloljetnicima u krivičnom postupku Crne Gore, kao i poteškoće i izazove s kojima se pravosudni sistem suočava u radu sa maloljetnim prestupnicima, kao i njihovoj resocijalizaciji u vaspitnim ustanovama.
Jorge Amado: et les chemins de l’exil
Authors: Afonso Rui
Published: January 2025

Se, como se diz, a história pertence aos vencedores, o mesmo ocorre com a história intelectual. Desde a queda do comunismo, houve uma proliferação de artigos e livros equiparando o comunismo ao nazismo, difamando todos aqueles que seguiram, mesmo que apenas durante algum tempo, as cores vermelhas. Diante dessa condenação global, um apelo por maior rigor e objetividade pareceria apropriado. O caso do escritor brasileiro Jorge Amado, ativista comunista exilado na França e depois na Tchecoslováquia nos anos do pós-guerra, pode servir de modelo para ilustrar a complexidade do engajamento de um membro do Partido. Como Jorge Amado viveu as esperanças, decepções e grandes contradições desse período? O que sua jornada individual tem em comum com a de outros escritores e intelectuais do século XX? O que aprendemos com o destino desse grande escritor brasileiro? Escrito em francês, este livro se debruça sobre essas questões e procura fornecer ao leitor chaves para decifrá-las.
Effects of Gamma-irradiation on Fatty Acids and Oxidative Stability of Oil from Treated Walnuts. Impact of Antioxidant Compositions on Oil Autoxidation
Authors: Slavova-Kazakova Adriana , Taneva Sabina , Kamenova-Nacheva Mariana , Momchilova Svetlana
Published: January 2025

Gamma-irradiation at doses of 10 kGy and 25 kGy was applied on walnuts in order to study changes in the fat yield, fatty acids composition, conjugated dienes and trienes, tocopherols and oxidative stability of the extracted glyceride oils. The results revealed no significant changes in fat yield and fatty acids composition but an increase of dienes and trienes, and a decrease in tocopherols amount. Decrease of Induction periods of oils autoxidated at 80 ⁰C, 100 ⁰C, and 120 ⁰C was observed as well. In order to reduce the negative effects of radiation-related lipid oxidation walnut oils were supplemented with binary antioxidant mixtures. Thus, the composition of ascorbyl palmitate and α-tocopherol in 2:1 ratio slightly prolonged the induction periods while halving of the initial oxidation rate of oils extracted from irradiated walnuts at the same time.
Frequency-wavenumber Analyses by Steered Response Power Phase Transform Algorithm
Authors: Varypaev Alexander
Published: January 2025

This paper is devoted to borrowing some knowledge of related field that deals with array data processing to seismology. Steered-response power with phase transform (SRP-PHAT) is a modern signal processing technique that is treated here for application of small-aperture seismic arrays. It was developed in acoustics for effective sound source localization under strong noise and reverberant conditions, which are absolutely similar to those found in seismological applications and even more complex due to wave propagation through nonhomogeneous media. Mathematical representation of this method is given to solve the problem of frequency-wavenumber spectrum density estimation (F-K analysis). The experiments with real seismic array data are presented for two different data sets: The first set belongs to SPITS array data and contains records of P and S phases of the well-known earthquake from 6 October 2006. The second set belongs to temporary array, installed for monitoring and tracking tremor sources. It was shown that SRP-PHAT is a worthy alternative to conventional broadband F-K analysis method involved in most of free and commercial seismological software.
An Analysis of Intra-familial and Extra-familial Child Sexual Abuse Cases at a Child Monitoring Centre: Clinical and Forensic Insights
Authors: Aslan Fatmagül , Teke Hacer , Pakiş Işıl , Erkol Zehra , Deveci Cem
Published: January 2025

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a serious human rights violation that affects hundreds of millions of children globally. This study aims to elucidate the fundamental dynamics in the reporting and diagnostic processes of intra-familial and extra-familial CSA cases in Turkey, as examined within the forensic medical system. The research is based on case files (n = 1421) from the Child Monitoring Centre (CMC) in Antalya, Turkey. The study identified 149 cases (10.5%) of intra-familial abuse and 1272 cases (89.5%) of extra-familial abuse. In the intra-familial group, the perpetrator was often the father, stepfather, or mother's boyfriend, whereas in the extra-familial group, the perpetrator was frequently a friend or boyfriend. Pregnancy was identified in 12.1% of intra-familial and 15.1% of extra-familial cases. Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed in 32.1% of the intra-familial group. The findings underscore the necessity for strengthened multidisciplinary centres, thorough evaluations, and follow-ups of all CSA cases, alongside mandatory psychiatric assessments to facilitate early detection and intervention.
Single-molecule imaging reveals the role of membrane-binding motif and C-terminal domain of RNase E in its localization and diffusion in Escherichia coli
Authors: Troyer Laura , Wang Yu-Huan , Shobhna  , Kim Seunghyeon , Woo Jeechul , Tajkhorshid Emad , Kim Sangjin
Published: January 2025

In
Escherichia coli
, RNase E is the key enzyme for RNA processing and mRNA degradation. Despite the conserved function across bacteria, the domain composition of RNase E varies significantly among species, possibly affecting the enzyme’s subcellular localization, mobility, and function. In this work, we used super-resolution microscopy to find that 93% of RNase E is localized to the membrane in
E. coli
and exhibits slow diffusion comparable to polysomes diffusing in the cytoplasm. By replacing the native amphipathic membrane targeting sequence (MTS) with a transmembrane motif, we discovered that the MTS results in slower diffusion and stronger membrane binding than a transmembrane motif. Additionally, the evolutionarily divergent C-terminal domain (CTD) was shown to grant slow diffusion of RNase E but to weaken its membrane binding. By analyzing how membrane localization and diffusion of RNase E affect mRNA degradation rates
in vivo
, we provide new insights into RNase E’s role in the spatiotemporal organization of RNA processes in bacterial cells.
Purging viral latency by a bifunctional HSV-vectored therapeutic vaccine in chronically SIV-infected macaques
Authors: Wen Ziyu , Li Pingchao , Yuan Yue , Wang Congcong , Li Minchao , Wang Haohang , Shi Minjuan , He Yizi , Cui Mingting , Chen Ling , Sun Caijun
Published: January 2025

The persistence of latent viral reservoirs remains the major obstacle to eradicating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We herein found that ICP34.5 can act as an antagonistic factor for the reactivation of HIV latency by herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1), and thus recombinant HSV-1 with ICP34.5 deletion could more effectively reactivate HIV latency than its wild-type counterpart. Mechanistically, HSV-ΔICP34.5 promoted the phosphorylation of HSF1 by decreasing the recruitment of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1α), thus effectively binding to the HIV LTR to reactivate the latent reservoirs. In addition, HSV-ΔICP34.5 enhanced the phosphorylation of IKKα/β through the degradation of IκBα, leading to p65 accumulation in the nucleus to elicit NF-κB pathway-dependent reactivation of HIV latency. Then, we constructed the recombinant HSV-ΔICP34.5 expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) env, gag, or the fusion antigen sPD1-SIVgag as a therapeutic vaccine, aiming to achieve a functional cure by simultaneously reactivating viral latency and eliciting antigen-specific immune responses. Results showed that these constructs effectively elicited SIV-specific immune responses, reactivated SIV latency, and delayed viral rebound after the interruption of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in chronically SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Collectively, these findings provide insights into the rational design of HSV-vectored therapeutic strategies for pursuing an HIV functional cure.
MftG is crucial for ethanol metabolism of mycobacteria by linking mycofactocin oxidation to respiration
Authors: Graça Ana Patrícia , Nikitushkin Vadim , Ellerhorst Mark , Vilhena Cláudia , Klassert Tilman E , Starick Andreas , Siemers Malte , Al-Jammal Walid K , Vilotijevic Ivan , Slevogt Hortense , Papenfort Kai , Lackner Gerald
Published: January 2025

Mycofactocin is a redox cofactor essential for the alcohol metabolism of mycobacteria. While the biosynthesis of mycofactocin is well established, the gene mftG, which encodes an oxidoreductase of the glucose-methanol-choline superfamily, remained functionally uncharacterized. Here, we show that MftG enzymes are almost exclusively found in genomes containing mycofactocin biosynthetic genes and are present in 75% of organisms harboring these genes. Gene deletion experiments in Mycolicibacterium smegmatis demonstrated a growth defect of the ∆mftG mutant on ethanol as a carbon source, accompanied by an arrest of cell division reminiscent of mild starvation. Investigation of carbon and cofactor metabolism implied a defect in mycofactocin reoxidation. Cell-free enzyme assays and respirometry using isolated cell membranes indicated that MftG acts as a mycofactocin dehydrogenase shuttling electrons toward the respiratory chain. Transcriptomics studies also indicated remodeling of redox metabolism to compensate for a shortage of redox equivalents. In conclusion, this work closes an important knowledge gap concerning the mycofactocin system and adds a new pathway to the intricate web of redox reactions governing the metabolism of mycobacteria.
Efficient skyline query processing with user-specified conditional preference
Authors: Ke Senfu , Fu Xiaodong , Li Jie
Published: January 2025

In the realm of multi-attribute decision-making, the utilization of skyline queries has gained increasing popularity for assisting users in identifying objects with optimal attribute combinations. With the growing demand for personalization, integrating user’s preferences into skyline queries has emerged as an intriguing and promising research direction. However, the diverse expressions of preferences pose challenges to existing personalized skyline queries. Current methods assume that user preferences are too simplistic and do not represent the interdependencies between attributes. This poses a challenge to the existing skyline methods in effectively managing complex user preferences and dependencies. In this article, we propose an innovative and efficient method for skyline query processing, leveraging conditional preference networks (CP-Nets) to integrate specific user’s conditional preferences into the query process, termed as CP-Skyline. Firstly, we introduce a user-defined conditional preference model based on CP-Nets. By integrating user’s conditional preference information, we prune the candidate dataset, effectively compressing the query space. Secondly, we define a new dominance relation for CP-Skyline computation. Finally, extensive experiments were conducted on both synthetic and real-world datasets to assess the performance and effectiveness of the proposed methods. The experimental results unequivocally demonstrate a significant enhancement in skyline quality, and it presents a practical and potent solution for personalized decision support.
A realistic human head phantom for electromagnetic detection of brain diseases
Authors: Bai Zelin , Chen Diyou , Ma Ke , Jin Gui , Qiu Jinlong , Li Quanquan , Li Haocheng , Chen Mingsheng
Published: January 2025

The research on electromagnetic detection technology for brain diseases requires precise simulation of the human head. This article combines high-precision computed tomography (CT) images and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images to establish an electromagnetic numerical model of the human head with a real anatomical structure. (1) It had Asian characteristics and encompassed 14 different structures, including skin, muscles, cranial bones, cerebrospinal fluid, cerebral veins, cerebral arteries, gray matter, white matter of the brain, basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, brainstem, eyeballs, and vertebrae. (2) The model used a combination of 0.625 mm-resolution CT and 1 mm-resolution MRI image data for reconstruction, with a smooth surface and high accuracy. (3) Within the simulation environment, this model enabled the generation of various brain disease scenarios, such as different types and degrees of cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral ischemia. It proved valuable for studying the distribution of electromagnetic fields in the human head and for investigating novel electromagnetic detection techniques exploiting brain tissue dielectric properties. (4) The created physical model and the numerical model were derived from the same person, which provided a good continuity between simulation experiments and physical experiments, and provided a realistic verification platform for the research of electromagnetic detection technology for brain diseases, such as differentiating the kind of stroke, monitoring brain edema, brain tumor microwave imaging, and diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.
Entrenamiento Cognitivo en la Infancia: Análisis de Relaciones entre Efectos y Variables Individuales
Authors: Aydmune Yesica , Vernucci Santiago , Urquijo Sebastián , Introzzi Isabel
Published: January 2025

La inhibición cognitiva (IC) es importante para el desempeño en la niñez. Aún no se conoce qué variables se vinculan con la probabilidad de optimizarla a partir de intervenciones. Aquí se analizaron los efectos de un entrenamiento de la IC en escolares, a los 6 y a los 7 años, sobre el desempeño en tareas de IC, memoria de trabajo (MT) y razonamiento abstracto. Se indagó si variables como el desempeño cognitivo de base y características de la intervención se vinculan con los efectos del entrenamiento, en cada edad. Se aplicó un diseño experimental con un grupo experimental (GE, que recibió el entrenamiento) y control (GC) por edad, con pre y postest (donde se administraron tareas para evaluar IC, MT y razonamiento abstracto). Se trabajó con una muestra no probabilística de 65 escolares de dos instituciones educativas de Mar del Plata, Argentina. A los 6 años, el GE mostró mejoras del pre al postest en MT, Z = -2,99, p = 0,003. A los 7 años, los grupos difieren en el postest en IC, Z = -2,15, p = 0,033, y el GE presentó mejoras del pre al postest en razonamiento abstracto, Z = -2,83, p = 0,005, Solo a los 7 años los efectos se vinculan con el desempeño de base en la tarea de IC. Los efectos son bajos y diferenciales por edad. Se discute sobre el desarrollo de estrategias de evaluación e intervención específicas por edad. Se aporta evidencia parcial a la hipótesis de compensación y variabilidad individual.
Management Practices at Poultry Demonstration Centres for Boosting Backyard Poultry Farming System in Ramban District of Jammu & Kashmir, India: A Review
Authors: Ahad Wani
Published: January 2025

The Backyard poultry farming is an age-old practice in India and plays an important role to reduce poverty among the most under-privileged sections of the Jammu & Kashmir, particularly in far flung areas of rural J&K, India. There is not any specific arrangement required for backyard poultry farming and is mostly popular in backward and resource-deprived areas of J&K and provides rural families with good source of income, healthy food sources in terms of meat and eggs. Backyard poultry farming improves the status of women in rural communities, creates jobs for rural residents, and closes the gap between supply and demand for chicken products, such as meat and eggs. The high mortality rate among chicks due to frequent disease outbreaks, lack of a framework, lower potential of Desi chickens, lack of scientific information, predation, hunger, climate change, and year-round fluctuations in feed supply and price are some of the major drawbacks of backyard poultry farming in J&K. This farming needs to be improved because it is the best way for J&K's marginal and small farmers to supplement their income with relatively little investment. Nonetheless, the J&K government has started 29 projects under the Holistic Agriculture growth Programme (HADP), of which P25 is only focused on the growth of poultry in J&K.
Backyard poultry farming results in socio-economic development, nutritional and livelihood security, empowerment of women etc. among rural people. Birds are kept mostly on scavenging system, where they acquire their feeds through natural foraging, kitchen wastes etc. Rural poultry farming has been responsible to produce 40 per cent meat and 44 per cent egg requirement in J&K. Chicken eggs and meat are the only cheapest and best sources of protein, vitamin and minerals with high biological value for rural poor and marginal sections of people. The additional income earned from indigenous chicken farming has improved their socio- economic stability.
Impact of Oceanographic Variability on Chlorophyll-a Concentration and Sea Surface Temperature in North Maluku Waters and its Influence on Fish Abundance
Authors: Pratama Gilar Budi , Aisyah  , Muhyun Ainun Apriliyani
Published: January 2025

The waters of North Maluku are rich in fisheries resources, which are important for the local economy and marine biodiversity. The variability of oceanographic conditions, such as chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature, plays a significant role in determining fish abundance in this region. This study analyzes the seasonal variations of chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature during 2021, as well as their impact on the productivity of the waters. Satellite imagery data of chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature were analyzed using spatial interpolation. The results show seasonal fluctuations in chlorophyll-a concentration and sea surface temperature, where higher chlorophyll-a concentrations support primary productivity and fish abundance during mid-year. The highest chlorophyll-a concentration occurred in June (0.212 mg/m³) and the lowest in February (0.103 mg/m³). The negative phase of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) reduces upwelling intensity, decreases nutrient availability, and impacts the decline in primary productivity. The highest sea surface temperature was recorded in November (30.99°C) and the lowest in August (29.87°C). These oceanographic variations affect the availability of phytoplankton, which is crucial in the marine food chain, and have implications for sustainable fisheries management in North Maluku. The results of this study can also serve as a reference for fish distribution or abundance modeling, such as with the maximum entropy method, to better understand the factors influencing fish distribution patterns in the region.
Relationship between Temperature and the Magnetic Strength
Authors: Koleleni Yusuf Ismail
Published: January 2025

The magnetic field will attract ferrous materials like iron or nickel. It also attracts or repels other magnets depending, on the polarity of the other magnets Permanent magnets are made from materials that will remain magnetized and are hence able to maintain the magnetic field around them continuously. The study aims at investigating the effect of temperature on the strength of magnets; emphasizing both the scientific and practical significance the work provides knowledge to undertand the properties of magnets of its strength when confronted with different temperatures. Once the results are achieved then further studies on permanent loss of magnetic performance on a magnet when heated above. Curie temperature will follow. The methodology is based on        Observations on the effect of temperature on the strength of magnets were made. The deflections made on the compass needle on magnet heated at different temperatures from 25o C to 98o C were recorded. The general conclusions were the effects of the temperature to the rate of the pull of a magnet are inversely proportional. That is the temperature of a magnet increases, it becomes weaker and as the temperature of a magnet decreases, it becomes stronger.
Reliability of the Type System in TypeScript in Software Development
Authors: Zemskov Maksim
Published: January 2025

The article examines the TypeScript type system as a critical element influencing its use in software development. The primary objective of the study is to analyze the characteristics of the type system and identify methods for improving the accuracy of type checking. The article explores the principles underlying the type system, its vulnerabilities such as the use of the any type, type assertions, issues with object and array indexing, and proposes approaches to enhancing system reliability.
The methodology includes an analysis of TypeScript's structure, the principles of its compiler, and the application of tools for static code analysis. The study references academic articles available in open-access online repositories, providing a broad perspective on the topic. Additionally, examples of code presented in the work illustrate key concepts and methods for working with type systems. Results demonstrate that configuring the compiler, avoiding the any type, and leveraging libraries for data validation improve the quality of type safety.
The findings, based on the analysis of relevant sources, will be useful for programmers and corporate professionals.  This review paper is a guide for software developers to understand the essence and the reliability of the Type System in TypeScript. This is a requirement to the scientific community as it guides software developers with the understanding and methods for efficiency in Type Checking. Principles, vulnerabilities and practice in code analysis are explicitly enumerated.
Impact of Temporal Variability of Rainfall on Groundwater Quality of Dindigul District, India
Authors: Jothimani Palanisamy , Nishanth Paravel , Poornachandhra Chidamparam , Kavya Palanivel , Vinothkanna Shanmugam , Vanitha Koothan
Published: January 2025

The present study aims to provide information regarding the temporal distribution of important physical-chemical parameters that affect water chemistry. Graphical representation is recorded for important physiochemical variables to understand groundwater quality and ecological status of the groundwater systems over a period of time in Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu. The Dindigul District monthly rainfall data were collected from the Public Works Department (PWD), Surface and Groundwater Division, Govt. of Tamil Nadu. After 1995, that there was a gradual increase in the rainfall pattern and the excess rainfall was recorded as 1018.59 mm, 1052.82 mm, 1073.73mm during the years 1996, 2008, 2010 respectively. The lowest rainfall of 588.51mm was recorded in 2012. Apart from excess rainfall years, all the other cases recorded the minimum rainfall and showed the decreasing trend from1995 to 2012. After 1990s, release of untreated waste water from Tannery industry in to the water ways and lands - contaminated the groundwater. The change in the rainfall pattern and quantity played important role in the salinity of the groundwater. After 1995s, the NO3value of 16.8mg L-1 was recorded during 2010. Accordingly, it had the highest excess rainfall of 1073.73 mm, during 2010. Deficit rainfall in 2000 ranges from 337.67mm, the NO3 value of 68.8 mg L-1 was recorded. The chemical characteristics of ground water are determined by the level of contribution from the geological sources and infiltration water from the surface sources. Monitoring of pollution patterns and its trends with respect to urbanization is an important task for achieving sustainable management of groundwater.
Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from Uganda
Authors: Mutumba Geoffrey Ssebabi , Kakundwa Naome , Twinamasiko Emmanuel , Kifanta Sanday , Lule Simon , Erugu Elijah
Published: January 2025

Back Ground: This paper concerns itself with an investigation on non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth, the case of Uganda. The arguments of a causal relationship between non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth have dissenting view.
Methods: It used time series data econometric techniques to establish a causal link between variables of study. The Vector error correction and structural vector autoregression, Granger for causal linkage and Johansen co-integration test was carried out to ascertain if there exists a long run relationship between non-renewable energy consumption and real GDP.
Results: The results support the growth hypothesis between non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth in the long run as shown in the VECM. This SVAR shows that these results are not significant.
Conclusion: The conclusion therefore is that non-renewable energy consumption in regard to economic growth is mainly attributed to imported fossil fuels particularly diesel that is used in thermal generators to run electricity hence unable to support the growth process over the long run.
Novelty: This paper provides insights on how energy drives economic growth and sustainable development. It also captures the impact of investment into overall economic growth that is in line with the contemporary global agenda.
Pride
Authors: Malebranche David
Published: December 2023

In this narrative medicine essay, an internal medicine physician, invited to speak at an International AIDS Society plenary session about his HIV work, endures a cool response from his parents upon sharing his HIV status but is met with a standing ovation and cheered by his chosen family and friends after the speech.
COVID-19 Admission Rates and Changes in US Hospital Inpatient and Intensive Care Unit Occupancy
Authors: Meille Giacomo , Decker Sandra L. , Owens Pamela L. , Selden Thomas M.
Published: December 2023

Importance

The COVID-19 pandemic had unprecedented effects on hospital occupancy, with consequences for hospital operations and patient care. Previous studies of occupancy during COVID-19 have been limited to small samples of hospitals.

Objective

To measure the association between COVID-19 admission rates and hospital occupancy in different US areas and at different time periods during 2020.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases (2019-2020) for patients in nonfederal acute care hospitals in 45 US states, including the District of Columbia. Data analysis was performed between September 1, 2022, and April 30, 2023.

Exposures

Each hospital and week in 2020 was categorized based on the number of COVID-19 admissions per 100 beds (<1 [low], 1-4.9, 5-9.9, 10-14.9, or ≥15 [high]).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were inpatient and intensive care unit (ICU) occupancy. We used regression analysis to estimate the average change in occupancy for each hospital-week in 2020 relative to the same hospital week in 2019.

Results

This study included 3960 hospitals and 54 355 916 admissions. Of the admissions in the 40 states used for race and ethnicity analyses, 15.7% were for Black patients, 12.9% were for Hispanic patients, 62.5% were for White patients, and 7.2% were for patients of other race or ethnicity; 1.7% of patients were missing these data. Weekly COVID-19 admission rates in 2020 were less than 4 per 100 beds for 63.9% of hospital-weeks and at least 10 in only 15.9% of hospital-weeks. Inpatient occupancy decreased by 12.7% (95% CI, 12.1% to 13.4%) during weeks with low COVID-19 admission rates and increased by 7.9% (95% CI, 6.8% to 9.0%) during weeks with high COVID-19 admission rates. Intensive care unit occupancy rates increased by 67.8% (95% CI, 60.5% to 75.3%) during weeks with high COVID-19 admissions. Increases in ICU occupancy were greatest when weighted to reflect the experience of Hispanic patients. Changes in occupancy were most pronounced early in the pandemic. During weeks with high COVID-19 admissions, occupancy decreased for many service lines, with occupancy by surgical patients declining by 43.1% (95% CI, 38.6% to 47.2%) early in the pandemic.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of US hospital discharges in 45 states in 2020, hospital occupancy decreased during weeks with low COVID-19 admissions and increased during weeks with high COVID-19 admissions, with the largest changes occurring early in the pandemic. These findings suggest that surges in COVID-19 strained ICUs and were associated with large decreases in the number of surgical patients. These occupancy fluctuations may have affected quality of care and hospital finances.
Miniaturized Capsule System Toward Real‐Time Electrochemical Detection of H2S in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Stine Justin M. , Ruland Katie L. , Beardslee Luke A. , Levy Joshua A. , Abianeh Hossein , Botasini Santiago , Pasricha Pankaj J. , Ghodssi Reza
Published: December 2023

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous inflammatory mediator and important signaling molecule for maintaining gastrointestinal (GI) homeostasis. Excess intraluminal H2S in the GI tract has been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease and neurodegenerative disorders; however, the role of H2S in disease pathogenesis and progression is unclear. Herein, an electrochemical gas‐sensing ingestible capsule is developed to enable real‐time, wireless amperometric measurement of H2S in GI conditions. A gold (Au) three‐electrode sensor is modified with a Nafion solid‐polymer electrolyte (Nafion‐Au) to enhance selectivity toward H2S in humid environments. The Nafion‐Au sensor‐integrated capsule shows a linear current response in H2S concentration ranging from 0.21 to 4.5 ppm (R2 = 0.954) with a normalized sensitivity of 12.4% ppm−1 when evaluated in a benchtop setting. The sensor proves highly selective toward H2S in the presence of known interferent gases, such as hydrogen (H2), with a selectivity ratio of H2S:H2 = 1340, as well as toward methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The packaged capsule demonstrates reliable wireless communication through abdominal tissue analogues, comparable to GI dielectric properties. Also, an assessment of sensor drift and threshold‐based notification is investigated, showing potential for in vivo application. Thus, the developed H2S capsule platform provides an analytical tool to uncover the complex biology‐modulating effects of intraluminal H2S.
Functional‐Group‐Induced Single Quantum Well Dion–Jacobson 2D Perovskite for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Gong Cheng , Chen Xihan , Zeng Jie , Wang Huaxin , Li Haiyun , Qian Qingkai , Zhang Cong , Zhuang Qixin , Yu Xuemeng , Gong Shaokuan , Yang Hua , Xu Baomin , Chen Jiangzhao , Zang Zhigang
Published: December 2023

In two‐dimensional/three‐dimensional (2D/3D) perovskite heterostructure, randomly distributed multiple quantum wells (QW) 2D perovskites are frequently generated, which are detrimental to carrier transport and structural stability. Here, the high quality 2D/3D perovskite heterostructure is constructed by fabricating functional‐group‐induced single QW Dion–Jacobson (DJ) 2D perovskites. The utilization of ─OCH3 in the precursor solution facilitates the formation of colloidal particles with uniform size, resulting in the production of a pure 2D DJ perovskite with an n value of 3. This strategy facilitates the improvement of 3D structural stability and expedites carrier transport. The resultant devices accomplish a power conversion efficiency of 25.26% (certified 25.04%) and 23.56% at a larger area (1 cm2) with negligible hysteresis. The devices maintain >96% and >89% of their initial efficiency after continuous maximum power point tracking under simulated AM1.5 illumination for 1300 h and under damp‐heat conditions (85 °C and 85% RH) for 1010 h, respectively.
Transparent Self‐Healing Anti‐Freezing Ionogel for Monolayered Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Electromagnetic Energy‐Based Touch Panel
Authors: Xia Yifan , Zhu Yan , Zhi Xinrong , Guo Wenyu , Yang Biao , Zhang Siyu , Li Mingyuan , Wang Xin , Pan Caofeng
Published: December 2023

The advent of Internet of Things and artificial intelligence era necessitates the advancement of self‐powered electronics. However, prevalent multifunctional electronics still face great challenges in rigid electrodes, stacked layers, and external power sources to restrict the development in flexible electronics. Here, a transparent, self‐healing, anti‐freezing (TSA) ionogel composed of fluorine‐rich ionic liquid and fluorocarbon elastomer, which is engineered for monolayered triboelectric nanogenerators (M‐TENG) and electromagnetic energy‐based touch panels is developed. Notably, the TSA‐ionogel exhibits remarkable features including outstanding transparency (90%), anti‐freezing robustness (253 K), impressive stretchability (600%), and repetitive self‐healing capacity. The resultant M‐TENG achieves a significant output power density (200 mW m−2) and sustains operational stability beyond 1 year. Leveraging this remarkable performance, the M‐TENG is adeptly harnessed for biomechanical energy harvesting, self‐powered control interface, electroluminescent devices, and enabling wireless control over electrical appliances. Furthermore, harnessing Faraday's induction law and exploiting human body's intrinsic antenna properties, the TSA‐ionogel seamlessly transforms into an autonomous multifunctional epidermal touch panel. This touch panel offers impeccable input capabilities through word inscription and participation in the Chinese game of Go. Consequently, the TSA‐ionogel's innovation holds the potential to reshape the trajectory of next‐generation electronics and profoundly revolutionize the paradigm of human–machine interaction.
Electron‐Induced Degradation in Blue Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Gao Peili , Chen Zinan , Chen Shuming
Published: December 2023

The poor stability of blue quantum‐dot (QD) light‐emitting diodes (B‐QLEDs) hinders their application in displays. To improve the stability of B‐QLEDs, the degradation mechanism should be revealed. Here, the degradation mechanism of B‐QLEDs is investigated by monitoring the changes occurring in the QDs and the hole transport layers (HTL) during device operation, respectively. It is revealed that the accumulation of electrons within the QDs is responsible for the degradation of the devices. On the one hand, the accumulated electrons induce the detachment of oleic acid ligands, leading to permanent damage to the stability of B‐QDs. On the other hand, the accumulated electrons leak into the HTL or recombine at the HTL/QDs interface, leading to the degradation of HTL. The formation of surface defects in B‐QDs and the decomposition of HTL contribute to the degradation of B‐QLEDs. The results reveal the strong dependence of B‐QLEDs stability on the accumulated electrons, the QDs and the HTL, which can help researchers to develop effective design strategies for improving the lifespan of B‐QLEDs.
Nanodiamond‐Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Lazovic Jelena , Goering Eberhard , Wild Anna‐Maria , Schützendübe Peter , Shiva Anitha , Löffler Jessica , Winter Gordon , Sitti Metin
Published: December 2023

Nanodiamonds (ND) hold great potential for diverse applications due to their biocompatibility, non‐toxicity, and versatile functionalization. Direct visualization of ND by means of non‐invasive imaging techniques will open new venues for labeling and tracking, offering unprecedented and unambiguous detection of labeled cells or nanodiamond‐based drug carrier systems. The structural defects in diamonds, such as vacancies, can have paramagnetic properties and potentially act as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The smallest nanoscale diamond particles, detonation ND, are reported to effectively reduce longitudinal relaxation time T1 and provide signal enhancement in MRI. Using in vivo, chicken embryos, direct visualization of ND is demonstrated as a bright signal with high contrast to noise ratio. At 24 h following intravascular application marked signal enhancement is noticed in the liver and the kidneys, suggesting uptake by the phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), and in vivo labeling of these cells. This is confirmed by visualization of nanodiamond‐labeled macrophages as positive (bright) signal, in vitro. Macrophage cell labeling is not associated with significant increase in pro‐inflammatory cytokines or marked cytotoxicity. These results indicate nanodiamond as a novel gadolinium‐free contrast‐enhancing agent with potential for cell labeling and tracking and over periods of time.
Synthesis of Sulfonyl Arenes via Hydroxy/Amino‐Benzannulation of Sulfonyl Enynals
Authors: Gharpure Santosh J. , Somani Shipra , Fartade Dipak J.
Published: December 2023

An assorted set of sulfonyl arenes such as β‐naphthylamines, β‐naphthols, phenols and naphthalenes could be accessed in a divergent manner by base‐mediated annulation of sulfonyl enynals. The strategy is extended to the synthesis of heterocycles such as carbazole, quinoline and benzothiophene. Benzannulation is demonstrated on derivatives of natural steroids like estrone and cholesterol.
A Circular RNA Generated from Nebulin (NEB) Gene Splicing Promotes Skeletal Muscle Myogenesis in Cattle as Detected by a Multi‐Omics Approach
Authors: Huang Kongwei , Li Zhipeng , Zhong Dandan , Yang Yufeng , Yan Xiuying , Feng Tong , Wang Xiaobo , Zhang Liyin , Shen Xinyue , Chen Mengjie , Luo Xier , Cui Kuiqing , Huang Jieping , Rehman Saif Ur , Jiang Yu , Shi Deshun , Pauciullo Alfredo , Tang Xiangfang , Liu Qingyou , Li Hui
Published: December 2023

Cattle and the draught force provided by its skeletal muscle have been integral to agro‐ecosystems of agricultural civilization for millennia. However, relatively little is known about the cattle muscle functional genomics (including protein coding genes, non‐coding RNA, etc.). Circular RNAs (circRNAs), as a new class of non‐coding RNAs, can be effectively translated into detectable peptides, which enlightened us on the importance of circRNAs in cattle muscle physiology function. Here, RNA‐seq, Ribosome profiling (Ribo‐seq), and peptidome data are integrated from cattle skeletal muscle, and detected five encoded peptides from circRNAs. It is further identified and functionally characterize a 907‐amino acids muscle‐specific peptide that is named circNEB‐peptide because derived by the splicing of Nebulin (NEB) gene. This peptide localizes to the nucleus and cytoplasm and directly interacts with SKP1 and TPM1, key factors regulating physiological activities of myoblasts, via ubiquitination and myoblast fusion, respectively. The circNEB‐peptide is found to promote myoblasts proliferation and differentiation in vitro, and induce muscle regeneration in vivo. These findings suggest circNEB‐peptide is an important regulator of skeletal muscle regeneration and underscore the possibility that more encoding polypeptides derived by RNAs currently annotated as non‐coding exist.
Synergistic Surface Modification for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Nanocrystal Light‐Emitting Diodes: Divalent Metal Ion Doping and Halide‐Based Ligand Passivation
Authors: Jeong Woo Hyeon , Lee Seongbeom , Song Hochan , Shen Xinyu , Choi Hyuk , Choi Yejung , Yang Jonghee , Yoon Jung Won , Yu Zhongkai , Kim Jihoon , Seok Gyeong Eun , Lee Jeongjae , Kim Hyun You , Snaith Henry J. , Choi Hyosung , Park Sung Heum , Lee Bo Ram
Published: December 2023

Surface defects of metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) substantially compromise the optoelectronic performances of the materials and devices via undesired charge recombination. However, those defects, mainly the vacancies, are structurally entangled with each other in the PNC lattice, necessitating a delicately designed strategy for effective passivation. Here, a synergistic metal ion doping and surface ligand exchange strategy is proposed to passivate the surface defects of CsPbBr3 PNCs with various divalent metal (e.g., Cd2+, Zn2+, and Hg2+) acetate salts and didodecyldimethylammonium (DDA+) via one‐step post‐treatment. The addition of metal acetate salts to PNCs is demonstrated to suppress the defect formation energy effectively via the ab initio calculations. The developed PNCs not only have near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield and excellent stability but also show luminance of 1175 cd m−2, current efficiency of 65.48 cd A−1, external quantum efficiency of 20.79%, wavelength of 514 nm in optimized PNC light‐emitting diodes with Cd2+ passivator and DDA ligand. The “organic–inorganic” hybrid engineering approach is completely general and can be straightforwardly applied to any combination of quaternary ammonium ligands and source of metal, which will be useful in PNC‐based optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, photodetectors, and transistors.