bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Immune-related Core Genes Based on Immune Signatures of Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Ge Panpan , Cao Guoping , Zhou Kun
Published: October 2023

Background
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease that affects the retina and choroid and is the leading cause of blindness in older adults. Despite the prevalence of this disease, its etiology and pathogenesis are unknown, and many studies have shown that the immune system plays an important role in the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration. Here, we aimed to explore the immune profile of different stages of age-related retinopathy and to identify immune-related biomarkers that could improve the treatment of patients with age-related retinopathy.
Methods
Publicly available gene expression profiles of AMD samples at different stages of the disease were downloaded from the GEO database (GSE115828 dataset). The activity of 19 immune signatures in AMD retinal samples was assessed using ssGSEA, and the changes in immune levels at different stages of AMD were compared. Differential expression analysis was performed on advanced AMD samples, and the screened immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were used as a candidate gene set. We constructed an AMD-related model based on AMD immune-related DEGs by logistic regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), which was also verified by ROC curve. Finally, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were mapped using STRING and further analyzed using Cytoscape software.
Results
As AMD progresses to advanced stages, the activity of 13 immune signatures gradually increases. A total of 91 immune-related DEGs were identified by differential expression analysis and further submitted to LASSO regression model for screening, and a total of 12 core genes were identified (AUC = 0.827). Three important clusters with a high degree of intermolecular interactions were identified in the PPI network, revealing three major molecular mechanisms, including MHC class II antigen processing and presentation, microglia activation and complement activation.
Conclusion
Multiple immune signatures play an important role in the development of age-related macular degeneration. Twelve core immune-related genes were identified that warrant investigation in experimental and clinical studies. PPI network analysis revealed three immune-related molecular mechanisms of AMD.
Effects of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacterial metabolites on the ovipositional activity of Aedes albopictus
Authors: Touray Mustapha , Cimen Harun , Bode Edna , Bode Helge B. , Hazir Selcuk
Published: October 2023

Viral diseases like yellow fever, dengue, zika have an alarming impact on public health affecting millions of people around the globe. These diseases can be transmitted by Aedes albopictus – a species originally endemic to South Asia but now widely distributed in several countries outside Asia. Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus spp., are enteric Gram-negative bacterial symbionts of insect-preying nematodes and are known to produce an array of natural products (NP) with various activities including larvicidal activity. This study demonstrated that supernatants of different Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria effectively deterred Ae. albopictus mosquito oviposition in a concentration dependent manner. Xenorhabdus cabanillasii displayed deterrent effects at 50-5% concentrations with oviposition activity index values ranging between -0.87 and -0.35, whereas the index values for X. nematophila were between -0.82 and -0.52 at concentrations of 50-10%. The other bacteria (X. szentirmaii, X. doucetiae, and P. kayaii) were effective at concentrations ≥20%. Using promoter exchange mutants of selected biosynthetic gene clusters in a Δhfq background generated by the easyPACId approach, fabclavine from X. szentirmaii was identified as the bioactive compound with evident deterrent effects. Such compounds with deterrence effects could be useful in mosquito control programs as preventing breeding site in specific habitats can greatly influence mosquito species establishment, population densities, and dispersion in conducive areas.
Views of Mothers with Children with Special Needs on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Methods
Authors: Aydın Sibel , Emre Oğuz
Published: October 2023

Introduction: This study aimed to reveal the views of mothers of children with special needs on complementary and alternative medicine methods.
Method: This study utilized the phenomenological design, a qualitative research technique. Participants in this study were selected using the criterion sampling method, a purposive sampling technique. Data collected through semi-structured interview questions prepared by the researcher were analyzed using the content analysis method.
Findings: Codes were generated based on the answers of the participants to each research question, and 14 themes encompassing these codes were identified. These themes and codes were examined under the titles of the views of the participants on complementary and alternative medicine methods, information about the methods practiced according to the special need type and the underlying reasons, characteristics perceived as beneficial and harmful in these methods, and factors that motivate participants to use these methods. Nearly all participants were observed to apply these methods. It was reported they resorted to these methods for the child's disability type or for illnesses that develop alongside the disability due to the solution-seeking idea and receiving guidance from various sources, and found practices beneficial.
Discussion: In children with special needs, complementary and alternative medicine methods are observed to vary based on types of disabilities and regional differences, and usage of these methods has been gradually increasing recently. Considering their potentially serious consequences for children, it is essential to establish a legal and evidence-based implementation procedure for these methods.
Development of Integrated Warehouse Application for Retail Business with Multi-Echelon Demand using Open-source ERP System
Authors: Meilanitasari Prita , Ibrahim Muhammad Faisal
Published: October 2023

The Integrated Warehouse Application (IWA) is a platform that combines inventory management, order management, warehouse operations, shipping, logistics, and reporting and analysis. It helps users manage their inventory to meet supply and demand requirements. Although many large companies use IWA to increase their operational efficiency, its complexity, technology, and customization requirements make it too expensive for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Our study focuses on SMEs in the retail business, where fast and accurate order processing is important for customer satisfaction and loyalty. We researched how to accommodate multi-echelon demand for the retail industry. To address these challenges, we used an Open-source ERP System called Odoo to create the IWA. Our findings show that implementing an integrated warehouse inventory system like the one provided by Odoo can offer real-time visibility into inventory levels, orders, and shipments. Automating manual processes enhances speed and accuracy, which improves customer service and business performance.
A Study on the Current Status and Problems Associated with the Academic Book Publishing Industry
Authors:   The Korean Publishing Science Society, Lim Seong Kwan
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the status and problems with the Korean academic publishing industry and suggest various countermeasures or alternatives. As a result of searching for the current status of academic book publications to achieve specific research purposes, neither the Korea Publishing Culture Association, which represents the publishing industry in Korea, nor any institution such as the Korea Publication Culture Industry Promotion Agency and the Korean Academy of Sciences are systematically organized to enhance researchers tasks. The current status of academic book publications can only be approximated based on the excellent academic books selected annually by the National Academy of Sciences and the Korea Publication Industry Promotion Agency. In the midst of this, the industry has been in sort of a crisis due to illegal copying of literature, a decrease in the school-age population and the number of users, and online classes. Therefore, the need for a systematic approach/arrangement of the publication statuses of literature is considered imperative. In addition, measures to prevent illegal copying of academic books include conducting related campaigns with increased education concerning this problem and introducing typographical copyright. The budget of the National Research Foundation of Korea for academic publication in the humanities and social sciences need to be expanded to help combat this. Other suggestions include accelerated activities associated with the conversion of academic books to e-books.
GC-MS Analysis, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Properties of Methanol Extract of
Annona muricata L. Leaves - An In vitro and In silico Study
Authors: Mishra Abhay Prakash , Nigam Manisha , Nambooze Jennifer , Salau Veronica F. , Olofinsan Kolawole A. , Iriti Marcello , Matsabisa Motlalepula G.
Published: October 2023

The Annona muricata L. leaves have been long employed in the traditional remedy of
diabetes mellitus (DM) and its comorbidities. Different analytical techniques were used to evaluate
the methanol extract of this plant part. In vitro antidiabetic assays of A. muricata extract were analysed
using α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition tests. Employing gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry (GC-MS), the primary bioactive components of the methanol extract were identified.
Additionally, molecular docking experiments regarding the identified compounds were performed
by silicification of UCFS Chimera, Autodock Vina, and BIOVIA Discovery Studio software. The
total phenolic content of the A. muricata leaf extract was 14.83 mg GAE/g and the total flavonoids
34.22 mg QE/g. The plant extract showed concentration-dependent ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)
when compared with the standard ascorbic acid whereas significant radical scavenging activity was exhibited
through the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) assay with IC50 of 0.202 μg/mL. Ten compounds were revealed
by GC-MS analysis, and they exhibited a favourable quantity (area %). The extract inhibited α-amylase
enzymes with a range of 36.52% - 67.30% as well as α-glucosidase enzymes with a range of 42.68 - 72.80% at
different doses (15 μg/mL - 240 μg/mL) and performed well compared to the conventional drug acarbose. The
high binding affinity of plant phytochemicals to α-amylase and α-glucosidase and their acceptable pharmacokinetic
characteristics further suggested a prospective therapeutic relevance. According to our investigations, the
leaves of A. muricata can be used to develop drugs with high antioxidant potential. However, adequate scientific
data is needed for A. muricata's therapeutic use, as well as further clinical and in vivo research both for toxicological
and pharmacological evaluation.
Supported Ionic Liquid Phase for Biocatalysis: The Current Applications, Synthesis
and Prospects
Authors: Wolny Anna , Chrobok Anna
Published: October 2023

In this work, the potential of supported ionic liquids-based biocatalysts was presented. Efforts are
underway to identify suitable carrier matrices for biocatalytic reactions, considering the crucial role of surface
morphology. Factors such as mechanical and thermal properties, surface area, pore volume, density, and functionalization
potential are being carefully considered during selection. The correlation between carrier, enzyme,
and il structures highlights the importance of constructing biocatalysts with exceptional catalytic activity. Enzymes
immobilized on silp/sillp carriers generally exhibit enhanced activity compared to the native protein.
Silp-type carriers improve process efficiency, enable easy separation and recycling of biocatalysts, and prolong
the protein's lifespan.
Clinical Trial Comparing Remimazolam with Propofol During Intravenous
Anesthesia: A Prospective Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Yang Lu , Zhang Jin , Xiao Nengke , Chen Junjie , Liu Hengjuan , He Xuan , Xiao Xingpeng , Zhang Fan
Published: October 2023

Background and Objective:

Remimazolam is a water-soluble sedative-anesthetic with
short-acting properties and less hemodynamic effects. Currently, it is primarily used for gastroenteroscopy
sedation.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness and safety of Remimazolam as an alternative
intravenous anesthetic agent in surgical patients, in order to expand clinical options beyond Propofol.

Methods:

Eighty patients aged 20-69 and classified as an American Society of Anesthesiologists
physical status I-II were randomly assigned to either the Remimazolam group (RM group) or the
Propofol group (PR group) for anesthesia induction and maintenance. Hemodynamics and
Bispectral Index (BIS) were recorded before and after anesthesia, along with other relevant indices
such as the time, to loss of consciousness (LoC), operation time, anesthesia time, awakening
time, the number of cases of injection site pain. Additionally, the Ramsay sedation score,
intraoperative awareness, dreaming, and postoperative adverse events were also assessed.

Results:

After anesthesia, both groups experienced a significant decrease in blood pressure compared
to baseline values, however, the reduction in blood pressure was less significant in the RM
group than in the PR group (P<0.05). The heart rate of patients in the RM group remained relatively
stable at all time points. There were significantly more cases of injection site pain and use
of pressor or atropine during operation observed in the PR group compared to the RM group
(P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of time to loss
of consciousness, anesthesia time, operation time, awakening time, and intraoperative awareness
(P>0.05). However, at 5 and 30 minutes after awakening, the Ramsay sedation score was significantly
better in the RM group compared to the PR group (P<0.05).

Conclusion:

When remimazolam is used for intravenous anesthesia induction and maintenance,
it can achieve a favorable anesthetic effect while maintaining a relatively stable blood pressure
and heart rate. Patients experience shorter awakening times (8.3±3.7 min), better awakening
quality (5 min Ramsay sedation score is 2 points ), and no intraoperative awareness.

Trial Registration Number:

AF SOP/3.6-01/5.1.
Role of Statistical Physics Formalism in Pharmaceutical Science
Authors: Salman Saad , Shah Fahad Hassan , Kim Song Ja
Published: October 2023

:

Statistical physics (SP) formalism in medicine involves applying concepts and methods to
study biological systems and medical problems. It is an interdisciplinary field that combines physics,
mathematics, and biology to analyze complex biological processes at molecular, cellular, and tissue
levels. The goal of SP in medicine is to gain insights into biological systems' mechanisms and develop
new strategies for diagnosing and treating diseases. SP is used in drug discovery, disease modeling,
medical imaging, and the study of pharmaceutical systems in pharmacy. SP is applied to understand
the anticoagulant properties of substances by modeling interactions between blood components
and studying blood properties affecting coagulation. For antiviral drugs, SP models simulate interactions
between antiviral molecules, virus particles, and other biological components to optimize drug
efficacy. SP models are also used in studying antifungals, antibiotics, and anticancer drugs to understand
drug behavior in complex systems and improve treatments. In PS, mathematical models are
used for drug absorption, dosage regimens, target-mediated drug disposition, population pharmacokinetics,
and physiological-based pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation (PBPK). In rheology, SP
is applied to study the flow and deformation of materials like liquids and semi-solids. In understanding
physicochemical principles/processes, SP helps predict and explain the behavior of systems with
many particles, such as solutions, solubilization, and adsorption. For drug delivery systems, SP is
used to study drug transport and distribution in the body, improving drug efficacy and safety. Metal
nanocomposites are studied using SP to understand their behavior as antibacterial agents and anticoagulants.
SP models predict the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of metal nanocomposites
for various applications.
A Profound Insight into the Structure-activity Relationship of Ubiquitous Scaffold Piperazine: An Explicative Review
Authors: Chaudhary Jasmine , Sharma Vishal , Jain Akash , Sharma Diksha , Chopra Bhawna , Dhingra Ashwani K.
Published: October 2023

Despite extensive research in the field of drug discovery and development, still there is a need to develop novel molecular entities. Literature reveals a substantial heterocyclic nucleus named, piperazine, which shows an immense therapeutic voyage. For several decades, molecules having the piperazine nucleus have entered the market as a drug exhibiting biological potential. It was known to possess antipsychotic, antihistamine, antianginal, antidepressant, anticancer, antiviral, cardioprotective, and anti-inflammatory activity with a specific basis for structural activity relationship. Thus, it is regarded as a key structural feature in most of the already available therapeutic drugs in the market. Reports also suggest that the extensive utilization of these currently available drugs having a piperazine nucleus shows increasing tolerance significantly day by day. In addition to this, various other factors like solubility, low bioavailability, cost-effectiveness, and imbalance between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics profile limit their utilization. Focusing on that issues, various structural modification studies were performed on the piperazine moiety to develop new derivatives/analogs to overcome the problems associated with available marketed drugs. Thus, this review article aims to gain insight into the number of structural modifications at the N-1 and N-4 positions of the piperazine scaffold. This SAR approach may prove to be the best way to overcome the above-discussed drawbacks and lead to the design of drug molecules with better efficacy and affinity. Hence, there is an urgent need to focus on the structural features of this scaffold which paves further work for deeper exploration and may help medicinal chemists as well as pharmaceutical industries.
Comparison of ZIC-HILIC Columns for the Simultaneous Analysis of
Antiviral Drugs in Dosage Forms by Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid
Chromatography
Authors: Ahmed Sohair Salah , Rasheed Ashraf Saad
Published: October 2023

Background::

Antiviral drugs are vital since many viruses can produce fatal infections,
as we have recently seen with the COVID-19 pandemic. Antiviral drugs can battle viruses
at multiple stages of their life cycles, including neuraminidase, nucleic acid synthesis, protease,
and virion fusion or entry [1].

Objective::

Antiviral drugs have poor retention in reversed-phase liquid chromatography, which
makes it difficult to analyze a mixture of antiviral medications using high-performance liquid
chromatography. Using zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (ZICHILIC),
the paper highlights the simultaneous quantification of three antiviral drugs as active
constituents in pharmaceutical formulations. Moreover, the influence of the length of the spacer
between the two charges in two stationary phases on the retention behavior of antiviral drugs
has been discussed.

Methods::

Two homemade stationary phases (ZIC1-HILIC and ZIC5-HILIC) were utilized for
the qualitative and quantitative analysis of three antiviral drugs, and UV was used as the detector.
Several chromatographic conditions were examined, such as the organic modifier concentration,
buffer concentration, and pH value.

Results::

After optimizing the parameters, the devised method was applied to analyse three antiviral
medications quantitatively. The initial results demonstrated the current procedure for
separating and determining these three antiviral drugs to be sensitive, robust, and effective.
Consequently, the present method has shown excellent repeatability, a broad linear range (0.1-
16.5 μgml-1), and excellent sensitivity (LOD 0.04-0.072 μgml-1). The RSD value of the method
was less than 1.

Conclusion::

A mixed mode of hydrophilic and ion exchange interactions was the predominant
mode of antiviral medications with two ZIC-HILIC stationary phases. The ZIC5-HILIC stationary
phase had a lower detection and limit of quantitation for three antiviral drugs and a prolonged
retention time compared to the ZIC1-HILIC stationary phase with a shorter chain
length.
Synthetic Strategies for Vitamin-loaded Carbon Dots and their Detection
using Biosensors: A Review
Authors: Chaudhry Himanshu , Rangra Naresh K. , Chawla Pooja A.
Published: October 2023

Carbon dots belong to the class of nanomaterials invented accidentally and are attracting
a lot of attention these days. Carbon dots are non-toxic, photostable, and easy-to-synthesize
nano formulations having good water-soluble properties when treated chemically by manipulating
surface active groups, followed by the addition of solubilizing agents and size reduction.
These are widely used in bioimaging, electrochemical sensing, targeted drug delivery, and other
biomedical activities. In recent years, significant attempts have been emphasized by analysts to
the detection of vitamins embedded carbon dots using biosensors. The biosensing of vitamins
has become easy due to the luminescence property of carbon dots, which makes them easy to
detect. Therefore, in this review, we have reported synthetic strategies and recent biosensorbased
detection techniques used in the analysis of vitamin-loaded carbon dots. Even from the
carbon dot’s analytical perspective, there is still a lot of research needed in the area of biosensing,
bioimaging, and healthcare applications. Unique features, along with the controllable synthesis
methods, will lead to a bright future in the detection and characterization of drugs using
carbon dots.
Deciphering the Role of Various Signaling Pathways in the Pathophysiology
of Depression
Authors: Vashisht Etash , Vats Vishal , Verma Ravinder , Parashar Jatin , Garg Vandana , Dutt Rohit , Mittal Vineet , Singh Govind , Kaushik Deepak
Published: October 2023

Background:

Depression is one of the leading causes of disability around the globe.
In the early years of depression, it is hypothesized that neurotransmitters have a major or dominant role in depression pathophysiology. The roles of different parts of the brain and neurotransmitters have emerged at different intervals of time, and various hypotheses beyond monoamines have arisen. In this review, numerous theories that have been proposed in the last 60
years are covered based on the literature.

Methodology:

This review was prepared with literature and data presented from different databases including PubMed, Frontier in Pharmacology, Elsevier, Journal of Depression and Anxiety, etc.

Results:

The different hypotheses of depression have been presented in different eras. Each hypothesis of depression tries to explore different aspects of depression, which shifts the pathogenesis of depression approaches towards bio-molecule and genetic roles.

Conclusion:

The pathophysiology of depression is very complex. None of the hypotheses alone
can explain the pathophysiology of depression. All of these hypotheses are interconnected with
each other. Through these hypotheses, it can be concluded that neuro-inflammation can be the
base of depression and by reducing this factor we can overcome this problem
The Use of Daflon Tablets in Treating Hemorrhoids and Alleviating
Symptoms
Authors: Hajimaghsoudi Leila , Ahmadinejad Mojtaba , Karimian Mohsen , Bahri Mohammad Hadi , Karbalaeikhani Ali , Ahmadinejad Izadmehr
Published: October 2023

Background:

Varicose-like bulging veins that occur in the anus and lower rectum are
known as hemorrhoids. Depending on their degree of prolapse, they can cause symptoms such as
bleeding, discomfort, mucous discharge, perianal irritation, and burning. The aim of the study was
to investigate the impact of Daflon pills on the treatment of hemorrhoids and their associated symptoms,
as well as the duration of hospitalization and the likelihood of recurrence.

Methods:

A randomized clinical trial was used in this investigation. Patients who had been referred
to the surgical clinic of the Madani Hospital in 2021 with hemorrhoid complaints were participants
in a random selection process. Participants were separated into control groups (getting non-invasive
regular treatments) and the intervention group after being informed and given ethical approval (Receiving
Daflon 500 mg twice daily for 4 weeks). Patients' symptoms, potential sequelae, and illness
recurrence were assessed in both chosen groups at each visit, and data was gathered until the desired
sample size was reached.

Results:

This study was performed on 200 patients who received Daflon 500 mg (intervention, N =
100) or placebo (control, N = 100). The number of visits required to achieve therapeutic goals did
not differ statistically significantly between the intervention and control groups (P > 0.05). The
mean recovery time was 56.5 ± 12.53 days for the intervention group and 61.04 ± 13.63 days for the
control group, which is considered statistically significant (P < 0.05). A total of 56 patients (28.0%)
relapsed and 144 patients (72.0%) recovered. This rate in the intervention group included 78
(78.0%) recovery and 22 (22.0%) relapsed and in the control group 66 (66.0%) recovered and 34
(34.0%) relapsed, clinically it suggests that treatment Daflon can prevent relapse of the disease, although
the statistical results of this study do not support this hypothesis (P = 0.059).

Conclusion:

The study's findings demonstrated that Daflon therapy is a superior and more effective
treatment option for all grades of hemorrhoids. Moreover, the medication's side effects are manageable,
making it a well-tolerated choice.
Cancer Stem Cells and Treatment of Cancer: An Update and Future Perspectives
Authors: Khan Mudassir , Naeem Mashal , Chaudary Sana Aftab , Ahmed Affan , Ahmed Aftab
Published: October 2023

:

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an essential role in tumour progression and metastasis.
Stem cell ability of self-renewal enables it to persist over time, thereby contributing to cancer relapse
or recurrence and also resistance to current therapies. Therefore, targeting CSCs emerged as
a promising strategy of cancer treatment. CSCs exhibit differentiation, self-renewal, and plasticity,
they contribute to formation of malignant tumours, also favors, metastasis, heterogeneity, multidrug
resistance, and radiation resistance. Coventional cancer treatments predominantly target
cancer cells that are not CSCs, CSCs frequently survive, eventually leading to relapse. This article
focuses on the development of novel therapeutic strategies that combine conventional treatments
and CSC inhibitors to eradicate cancer cells and CSCs, for the better and permanent treatment.
However, the diversity of CSCs is a significant obstacle in the development of CSC-targeted therapies,
necessitating extensive research for a better understanding and exploration of therapeutic approaches.
Future development of CSC-targeted therapies will rely heavily on overcoming this obstacle.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetes Treatment:
Current Advances and Future Opportunity
Authors: Liu Jie , Wan Xin-Xing , Zheng Sheng-Yuan , Khan Md. Asaduzzaman , He Hui-Hong , Feng Yu-Xing , Xiao Jing-Ge , Chen Yu , Hu Xi-Min , Zhang Qi , Xiong Kun
Published: October 2023

:

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is characterized by hyperglycemia, and caused by a lack of insulin
secretion. At present there is no cure for T1D and patients are dependent on exogenous insulin
for lifelong, which seriously affects their lives. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be differentiated
to β cell-like cells to rescue the secretion of insulin and reconstruct immunotolerance
to preserve the function of islet β cells. Due to the higher proportion of children and adolescents
in T1D patients, the efficacy and safety issue of the application of MSC’s transplant in T1D was
primarily demonstrated and identified by human clinical trials in this review. Then we clarified
the mechanism of MSCs to relieve the symptom of T1D and found out that UC-MSCs have no obvious
advantage over the other types of MSCs, the autologous MSCs from BM or menstrual blood
with less expanded ex vivo could be the better choice for clinical application to treat with T1D
through documentary analysis. Finally, we summarized the advances of MSCs with different interventions
such as genetic engineering in the treatment of T1D, and demonstrated the advantages
and shortage of MSCs intervened by different treatments in the transplantation, which may enhance
the clinical efficacy and overcome the shortcomings in the application of MSCs to T1D in
future.
Bioinformatics Perspective of Drug Repurposing
Authors: Patel Binita , Gelat Brijesh , Soni Mehul , Rathaur Pooja , SR Kaid Johar
Published: October 2023

Different diseases can be treated with various therapeutic agents. Drug discovery aims to
find potential molecules for existing and emerging diseases. However, factors, such as increasing
development cost, generic competition due to the patent expiry of several drugs, increase in conservative
regulatory policies, and insufficient breakthrough innovations impairs the development of
new drugs and the learning productivity of pharmaceutical industries. Drug repurposing is the process
of finding new therapeutic applications for already approved, withdrawn from use, abandoned,
and experimental drugs. Drug repurposing is another method that may partially overcome the hurdles
related to drug discovery and hence appears to be a wise attempt. However, drug repurposing being
not a standard regulatory process, leads to administrative concerns and problems. The drug repurposing
also requires expensive, high-risk clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of the repurposed
drug. Recent innovations in the field of bioinformatics can accelerate the new drug repurposing
studies by identifying new targets of the existing drugs along with drug candidate screening and
refinement. Recent advancements in the field of comprehensive high throughput data in genomics,
epigenetics, chromosome architecture, transcriptomic, proteomics, and metabolomics may also contribute
to the understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in drug-target interaction. The present
review describes the current scenario in the field of drug repurposing along with the application
of various bioinformatic tools for the identification of new targets for the existing drug.
Pre-clinical Aspects and Contemporary Treatments of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Chhabra Partosh , Rishabh  , Singla Shivani , Choudhary Sunayna , Kohli Shivam , Bansal Nitin , Bansal Seema
Published: October 2023

Background:

After Alzheimer’s disease, the second slot for the most common neurodegenerative disease, is occupied by Parkinson’s disease. The symptoms of Parkinson’s are classified as motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms. Motor symptoms involve rigidity, tremors, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Non-motor symptoms consist of cognitive dysfunction, salivation, lacrimation, etc.

Objectives:

The objectives of this study are to find out the most recent treatment options for Parkinson’s disease.

Methods:

Research and review papers are collected from different databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, Mendeley, Scopus, Science Open, and the Directory of Open Access Journals using different keywords such as "Parkinson’s disease, biomarkers, animal models".

Results:

Currently, various novel therapeutics have been emerging for PD. These may include treatments that may control the symptoms without causing any other severe side effects with already available treatments. Better therapies such as gene therapies, cell-based treatments, and regenerative therapies, which may evolve over time, can be a better therapeutic option.

Conclusion:

There is a need for the development of novel and potential therapeutic strategies that offer fewer side effects to patients. Several clinical, biochemical, and imaging markers that are noteworthy in Parkinson’s disease examination have been discussed here. Current work in the field of Parkinson’s disease has developed a variety of significant small animal models, such as viral vector models and seeding models, including the insertion of preformed fibrils of alpha-synuclein. The brief concepts regarding risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, and emerging treatments of PD are discussed in this review article.
Hypophysitis Induced by Sintilimab in the Treatment of Bladder Cancer:
A Case Report
Authors: Li Ran , Jiang Baichuan , Zhu Yiran , Gao Likuan , Zhou Yaru , Yang Shijie
Published: October 2023

Background:

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), as novel antitumor drugs, have been widely used in the clinic and have shown good antitumor effects. However, their wide-spread use has also led to the emergence of various immune-related adverse events (IrAEs). Hypophysitis is a rare but serious IrAE. Due to its complex and changeable clinical manifestations, hypophysitis may be easily overlooked, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment

Case Presentation:

A 68-year-old male patient was diagnosed with bladder cancer (T2bNXM0) in October 2021. He received two cycles of immunotherapy with sintilimab and chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC). One month after the second treatment, he gradually developed recurrent fever, anorexia, drowsiness, and delirium. Laboratory examination revealed hyponatremia, decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone, and hypocortisolemia. The pituitary MRI showed no abnormality. The patient was diagnosed with immunotherapy-induced hypophysitis (IH) caused by sintilimab, leading to downstream endocrine disorders. With hormone replacement therapy, he was in a good mood, had a good appetite, and made an overall recovery.

Conclusion:

Immunotherapy-induced hypophysitis (IH) can result in a severe adrenal crisis, and prompt recognition and diagnosis are crucial. Clinicians must remain vigilant for the possibility of IH in patients who exhibit recurrent fever, anorexia, cognitive decline, and personality changes following ICI treatment. It is imperative to consider this diagnosis early to initiate appropriate management promptly.
Diabetic Pneumopathy- A Novel Diabetes-associated Complication:
Pathophysiology, the Underlying Mechanism and Combination Medication
Authors: Dwivedi Jyotsana , Wal Pranay , Dash Biswajit , Ovais Mohammad , Sachan Pranjal , Verma Vaibhav
Published: October 2023

Background:

The "diabetic lung" has been identified as a possible target organ in
diabetes, with abnormalities in ventilation control, bronchomotor tone, lung volume, pulmonary
diffusing capacity, and neuroadrenergic bronchial innervation.

Objective:

This review summarizes studies related to diabetic pneumopathy, pathophysiology
and a number of pulmonary disorders including type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Methodology:

Electronic searches were conducted on databases such as Pub Med, Wiley Online
Library (WOL), Scopus, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using standard keywords
“diabetes,” “diabetes Pneumopathy,” “Pathophysiology,” “Lung diseases,” “lung infection” for
review articles published between 1978 to 2023 very few previous review articles based their
focus on diabetic pneumopathy and its pathophysiology.

Results:

Globally, the incidence of diabetes mellitus has been rising. It is a chronic, progressive
metabolic disease. The "diabetic lung" may serve as a model of accelerated ageing since diabetics'
rate of respiratory function deterioration is two to three-times higher than that of normal,
non-smoking people.

Conclusion:

Diabetes-induced pulmonary dysfunction has not gained the attention it deserves
due to a lack of proven causality and changes in cellular properties. The mechanism underlying
a particular lung illness can still only be partially activated by diabetes but there is evidence that
hyperglycemia is linked to pulmonary fibrosis in diabetic people.
Collective Diagnostic Prototypical in Internet of Medical Things for
Depression Identification using Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Selvarajan Shitharth , Thirumalaisamy Manikandan , Manoharan Hariprasath , Devendiran Ramkumar , Narayanan S. Lakshmi , Kumar Ashwani
Published: October 2023

Background::

The majority of wearable technology is employed in the Internet of Medical
Things (IoMT) health monitoring systems to recognize various bodily indicators. All monitored
values are sent to a central server, where they are all treated by experts at the appropriate
moment. Therefore, by expanding the use of wireless devices, it has been discovered that such
communication technologies can recognize specific depression traits and mood swings.

Objectives::

The major objective of the proposed method is to analyze the disputes that arise in the
characteristics of an individual by observing the leveling periods that are identified from the processed
image. In addition, the rate of data transfer in case of any dispute is maximized therefore
recognition problem is solved at a minimized distance. Further, the steady state probability values
are achieved at low delay thus minimizing the dropout packets in the monitored system using
IoMT and LSTM.

Methods::

A balanced record with four distinct parameters—such as livelihood, self-reliance, correlation,
and precision—is employed with the projected model on IoMT for depression identification.
As a result, high data transfer rates and low distance separation are used to process the identification
framework. Additionally, by combining an original matrix representation with the input
feature set using LSTM, a novel framework with great efficiency is created.

Results::

In order to assess the results of IoMT using LSTM, four situations are split apart and
their probability ratios are calculated. The results of each situation are then contrasted with the
current methodology, and it is found that when there is a low dropout ratio, depression in a person
is quickly diagnosed.

Conclusion::

The comparison analysis demonstrates that the proposed method, when compared to
the current method, offers the best-compromised outcomes at roughly 64%.
Xanthates and Dithiocarbamates: Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Flotation Processes
Authors: Vchislo Nadezhda V. , Verochkina Ekaterina A. , Burdonov Alexander E. , Rozentsveig Igor B.
Published: October 2023

It is known that flotation is the main method of extracting non-ferrous metals. The need
of modern society for precious metals is constantly growing, and deposits of easily reversible ores
are being depleted. Therefore, the improvement of the reagent regime and the search for new flotation
reagents is an urgent task. We analyzed the literature data on the synthesis and use of common
collectors such as xanthates and dithiocarbamates. Particular importance is given to recent progress
in the functionalization of xanthates and dithiocarbamates, their selective characteristics and flotation
mechanisms. Progress in the field of flotation can be made in the use of new effective reagents
and their combinations, as well as in the modification of already known collectors. The generalization
of the material in this review will help in the development of this area. The mini-review summarizes
the syntheses of collectors such as xanthates and dithiocarbamates with the increased selective
properties in the flotation process of non-ferrous metals. Furthermore, this review provides an analysis
of the developments in these studies, especially highlighting recent progress in the functionalization
of xanthates and dithiocarbamates, their selective characteristics and flotation mechanisms.
Optimal Control Strategy of Electro-hydraulic Position Servo System
Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhu Xunyi , Zhang Bing , Rao Junsen
Published: October 2023

Background:

The optimal control strategy has been widely used in electro-hydraulic
position servo systems to achieve high-precision position tracking. However, the difficulty of selecting
the weighted matrices in optimal control often leads to poor tracking accuracy.

Objective:

This patent proposes an optimal control strategy using a genetic algorithm to improve
the tracking accuracy of the electro-hydraulic servo system.

Methods:

The patent first established the system state equation of the valve-controlled asymmetric
cylinder. Secondly, based on linear quadratic optimal control theory and genetic algorithm, an
optimal control strategy using a genetic algorithm was proposed. Finally, the simulation and experimental
results showed that the designed controller has high position tracking accuracy .

Results:

The optimal controller using a genetic algorithm was designed using Matlab/Simulink,
and the effectiveness of the controller was verified through simulation. Additionally, experimental
results showed that the proposed optimal control controller using a genetic algorithm had higher
tracking accuracy than the proportional-integral-derivative controller and traditional backstepping
controller for a given reference signal.

Conclusion:

The control technology of the optimal controller using a genetic algorithm was found to
be superior to proportional-integral-derivative and traditional backstepping controllers, and the tracking
error of the linear quadratic regulator controller was reported to be relatively small. This demonstrated
the effectiveness of the optimal control strategy using a genetic algorithm in this patent.
Nanoemulsion-Based Strategy for Maximizing Nitrofurantoin Absorption: In-vitro and In-vivo Investigations
Authors: Nanda Gouri Prasad , Patel Mrunali , Patel Rashmin
Published: October 2023

Background:

The main objective of the current research work is to improve the absorption
of Nitrofurantoin (NFT) by minimizing gastrointestinal (GI) intolerance and variations in its
absorption by formulating the drug into a nanoemulsion (NE).

Method:

Based on the highest saturation solubility of NFT, soybean oil, transcutol HP, and labrafil
M1944CS were selected as oil, co-surfactant, and surfactant, and a Smix ratio of 1:2 was selected
based on pseudoternary phase diagrams. The formulation prepared with an equal ratio of oil and
Smix exhibited the lowest globule size, highest zeta potential, and higher drug release and hence was
selected for further evaluation.

Result:

Optimized formulation (NF5) showed improved membrane permeability against pure drug
suspension (2.30 times) and marketed suspension formulation (1.43 times). NF5 exhibited similar
% cell viability and % cell toxicity in Caco-2 cell lines compared to the marketed suspension.
The relative bioavailability of NFT-NE was enhanced by 1.10 and 1.17 times compared to the marketed
and pure drug suspension, respectively.

Conclusion:

Thus, it can be concluded that the optimized nanoemulsion formulation of NFT exhibited
improved membrane permeability, comparable cell viability, and increased relative bioavailability.
These findings suggest the potential of the nanoemulsion approach as a strategy to overcome
the variability of oral absorption and GI intolerance of NFT.
Effect of Laterally Substituted Methoxy Group on the Liquid
Crystalline Behavior of Novel Ester Molecules
Authors: Baku Neha K. , Travadi Jwalant J. , Ladva Kartik D.
Published: October 2023

Background:

The aim of this research is to study the effect of length-to-width
ratio on mesomorphism to enhance the understanding of its potential applications. This
will be achieved by synthesizing a unique and innovative series of identical ester molecules,
including lateral methoxy groups and terminal ethyl benzoate groups. In this research,
we aim to find new insights into the relationship between molecular structures and
mesomorphic behaviors, which could have significant implications for the development of
advanced materials with adapted properties.

:

The objective of the study is to investigate the mesophase behavior of new ester mesogens
and determine how they are influenced by lateral methoxy groups. By identifying the underlying
perspectives and relationships between these variables, we hope to better understand
the unique properties and potential applications of these materials.

Method:

In this research work, the focus is on the synthesis of ethyl(E)-4-((3-(4-alkoxy-3-
methoxyphenyl)acryloyl)oxy)benzoate, which is prepared from Steglich esterification
method by using (E)-3-(4-alkoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylic acid and ethyl 4-
hydroxybenzoate. Synthesis processes involve precise reaction sequences designed to ensure
maximum yield and purity of the final product. By providing a detailed report on the
experimental process, this study contributes to the ongoing research efforts aimed at the
development of innovative compounds with various applications in liquid crystals

Result:

A new set of liquid crystal derivatives has been synthesized and studied to investigate
the effect of molecular structure on the behavior of liquid crystals, with particular attention
to the group -OCH3 located laterally. This series was composed of 12 derivatives
(C1-C16). Among them, the first six derivatives (C1-C6) did not have the characteristics of a
liquid crystal, while the remaining derivatives (C7 and C8) had a monotropic behavior, and
C10-C16 had an enantiotropic smectogenic liquid crystal behavior without exhibition of the
nematic phase. The average thermal stability of the smectic property was 87.33 °C, and the
mesophase range was 2 °C to 14 °C. The molecular structure was confirmed by analytical
and spectral analysis. The properties of liquid crystals of this new series were compared
with those of other known structurally similar homologous series. The transition temperatures
were determined with an optical polarizing microscope equipped with a heating
phase.

Conclusion:

The mesomorphic thermal and optical properties of the compounds have been
validated by DSC and POM techniques. The result shows that the length of the alkyl chain
has a significant influence on the mesomorphic characteristics and thermal stability of the
different mesophases. Evaluation of the compounds studied indicates that the molecules
are sensitive to their lateral substituent, which influences the thermal characteristics and
stability of the mesophase.
Perovskite Based Ferroelectric Materials for Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Rizwan M.
Published: October 2023

World’s energy crisis has led to scrupulous research in the field of energy harvesting. Ferroelectrics have become the elite choice for energy storage applications such as in capacitors, transducers and sensors owing to their exciting properties such as ferroelectricity, remnant polarization and dielectric properties and high conversion efficiencies. The objective of this chapter is to elaborate the energy storage properties of ferroelectric perovskites as it is a necessity to construct such devices to meet the increasing demand of energy renewable resources. Lead based and lead-free ferroelectrics and various ferroelectric based energy storage devices as well as the ways to optimize their energy storage density are meticulously discussed.