bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impacts of the construction of hydroelectrics on indigenous communities. Displacement, division and pilgrimage among The Tuxá peoples of Bahia state, Brazil
Authors: Dávalos Nelson Bernal , Rodrigues-Filho Saulo , Litre Gabriela
Published: May 2021

Due to the construction of the Itaparica Hydroelectric Plant in 1988, the Tuxás were displaced from their lands and resettled, generating internal conflicts and various socio-environmental impacts. Historically dedicated to agriculture and fishing, the resettlement of Tuxás changed their livelihoods, affecting nutrition and their relationship with their livelihoods. For those who still have access to fishing on the São Francisco River, the availability of fish has been reduced as a result of water polluting eutrophication, due to the disposal of sewage and fertilizers. The results include new elements, often disregarded, to reexplore the socio-environmental trade-offs of the installation of hydroelectric plants in Brazil. He concludes by proposing alternative perspectives (mainly from the bottom up), to rethink the delicate balance between economic progress driven by energy generation in Brazil and also the negative impact on the livelihood of the country's most vulnerable communities.
Monitoring the sustainable development goals at a local level: information transparency on public health (SDG 3) in Brazilian municipalities
Authors: Lindoso Diego Pereira , Litre Gabriela , Lopes Ferreira Julia , Ávila Kayton
Published: May 2021

In Brazil, the process of localizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) using public databases faces technical, institutional and political challenges. There are essentially no comprehensive current studies regarding the downscaling of the SDG indicators at the smallest territorial levels (e.g., the municipal level). In the context of unprecedented health emergencies, such as the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, this paper discusses the capacity of the Brazilian public information system to support the localization of SDG 3 (good health and well-being) indicators at the municipal level. This study evaluates the proposed indicators for SDG 3 and databases that underpin these indicators. The results and discussion cover central data and process deficiencies in the public health information systems that hinder SDG 3 localization efforts, the 2030 Agenda and its goal of universality.
Development of a Model of Academic Buoyancy based on with School Connection, Family’s Emotional Atmoshphere, Motivation, Self-efficacy and Academic Engagement of Students
Authors: Samari Safa Jafar , Dashti Esfhani Mahla , Poordel Mozhgan
Published: May 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a model of academic buoyancy based on school connection, family emotional atmosphere, motivation, self-efficacy, and academic engagement of students.
Methods: This research was of descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study included all first and second grade high school students in Isfahan in 2018-2019. From among them, a sample of 375 people were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. The tools for  data collection included the following questionnaires: Dehghanizadeh and Hosseini Chari Academic Buoyancy Scales (2013), Panaghi et. al School Connection Questionnaire (2011), Razavieh Vesamani Family Emotional Atmosphere (2000), Patrick, Hicks and Ryan (1997) Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, Reeve, Agentic Engagement Scale (2013), and The Harter Academic Motivation Scale (1981).
Results: The results showed that at 95% confidence level, the direct effect of school connection on academic buoyancy was confirmed with an impact factor of 0.207. Also, academic engagement has an effect on academic buoyancy, with an impact factor of 0.356, and self-efficacy has an impact on academic buoyancy with an impact factor of 0.202.
Conclusion: Findings showed that the indirect effect of school relationship on academic buoyancy mediating academic engagement is confirmed, so that the intensity of the indirect effect is equal to 0.206, the indirect effect of family emotional atmosphere on academic buoyancy mediated academic engagement was also confirmed, and  that the indirect effect is equal to 0.055. Furthermore, the indirect effect of academic motivation on academic buoyancy is mediated by self-efficacy, the intensity of the indirect effect is equal to 0.084 (p <0.05).
Lessons from the Quran for the Purpose of Managing Couples’ Roles and Relationships
Authors: Esmaeel Talaie Fatemeh , Borjali Ahmad , Shariatmadar Asieh , Khavanin Zade Mohammad Hosswein
Published: May 2021

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to discuss the implications of the lessons from the Quran in managing the roles and relationships in couples.
Methods: Using the qualitative method and applying content analysis, all verses related to couples from Quran were explored.
Results: According to the results of the study, the main identified themes for the stage of marriage included romantic relationships, couples’ roles, boundaries, distribution of family management, financial relationships, sexual relationships, and conflict resolution in couples’ relationships.
Conclusion: Based on the lessons from the Quran, the religious attitude can be considered a powerful tool in order to decrease marital conflicts and eventually in increasing marital satisfaction.
MORTUARY RITES IN COVID-19: MOURNING & BURIAL RITES OF MIGRANTS IN NORTHERN PUNJAB
Authors: Sultana Aneela , Zeeshan Mahwish , Anzak Sohima
Published: May 2021

Purpose of the study: This study aims to highlight how death serves as a central feature of social ties among the natives of Northern Punjab. Death is a great leveller and one of the most curious aspects of human cognition. Bereavement follows the terminal rites de passage; the transition of the deceased from this world to the other world.

Methodology: By using an inductive approach, the ethnographic account of the most significant rite of passage; death was gathered. The primary data is based on case-based narratives and empirical findings gathered during in-depth interviews and participant observation at the locale. A total of thirteen cases of death migrants are discussed in this paper.

Main Findings: The findings reveal the social pressures the family of the deceased encountered in the pre and post-death phase both in the country of origin and in the country of destination, how horrors of COVID-19 infection kept the entire bereaved families at a halt to decide their funerary rituals, pandemic’s effect on the body’s postmortem clearance and death certificate, arrangement for the morgue and grave while the decision of burial was in process, familial politics engaged in decision making, the journey back to the native soil, the burial, mourning, condolence and bereavement rituals of Potohar.

Applications of this study: This paper solely focuses on the death rituals of migrants from the Northern Punjab region in COVID-19. The study provides an understanding of the religio-cultural rituals and their transformation in the global pandemic.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The researcher has prepared an account of the death rituals based on the close observations and in-depth insights during the mortuary rites of migrants who expired during the pandemic COVID-19 during doctoral research. No such research has been carried out in Potohar (Northern Punjab) in this context.
The Assessment of the Orthorexia Nervosa Tendencies among Postpartum Women
Authors: AYHAN BAŞER Duygu , CANKURTARAN Mustafa
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Orthorexia Nervosa is a new eating disorder and is known as an excessive control of quality of the eaten foods. During postpartum period, related to the physiological and medical changes, it was stated that most of the women have concerns about their body image and therefore they have tendency to change their lifestyle, and it can lead mothers to Orthorexia Nervosa. The aim of this study was to assess the Orthorexia Nervosa tendencies of postpartum women and investigate the related factors.

Methods: This descriptive study was carried out among postpartum women between 1st December 2018-1st February 2019. We contacted with the women via e-mails through a social media group special for postpartum women which had 10.350 members at the time of the study. The minimum sample size for the universe was estimated as 370 women, assuming a 95% confidence interval and 5% sampling error. The questionnaire consists of two parts: the general features of participants and the ORTO-11 questionnaire.

Results: The mean ORTO-11 scale score of all participants (N=511) was 22.68±4.09 (min=12; max=35) and had a statistically significant relationship with age, working status, vocation, family-style, the understanding of being healthy, physical activity, diet status, and the order of nutrition status. According to the cut-off point, 87.7 % (n=426) of the participants were found to be at risk of developing Orthorexia Nervosa.

Conclusions: The tendency toward Orthorexia Nervosa was greater among mothers in the postpartum period. Also the mothers who change their eating habits and change the physical activity status after delivery had higher ON tendency than others. So the postpartum period is very important to follow up the mothers about ON and such eating disorders because of the changing lifestyle habits. Family physicians have a critical role in this regard with their preventive medicine qualifications.
Wpływ podatku od spadków i darowizn na kształtowanie się dochodów własnych gminy na przykładzie wybranych gmin
Authors: Królak Daria
Published: May 2021

W niniejszym artykule autor poddaje analizie wpływ podatku od spadków i darowizn na wielkość dochodów własnych osiąganych przez gminę na przestrzeni czterech lat – 2009–2012. W badaniach wykorzystywane są trzy różne klasyfikacje dochodów własnych trzech gmin: Gminy Opoczno, Gminy Zgierz oraz Gminy Łódź. Stosowaną metodą badawczą jest analiza dokumentów. Artykuł w przeważającej części skupia się na badaniach empirycznych opartych na danych przedstawionych w sprawozdaniach z wykonania budżetu, umieszczonych na stronach internetowych.
Dodatek kwartalny
Authors: Uryszek Tomasz , Witczak Radosław , Domagała Adrian , Gądek Artur , Kot Kornel , Stelmasiak Damian , Kuchciak Iwa , Ślebocka Magdalena , Tylman Aneta
Published: May 2021

„Saldo pierwotne sektora finansów publicznych w Polsce”
„Zmiany w świecie finansów (podatków)”
„Sytuacja gospodarcza w Polsce po drugim kwartale 2015 r.”
„Social media scoring – nowe rozwiązanie w procesie oceny zdolności kredytowej”
„Źródła finansowania procesów rewitalizacji – czy środki unijne to przepis na krótkotrwały sukces?”
Prawo a konstruktywizm w teorii stosunków międzynarodowych – możliwości interdyscyplinarnego zbliżenia
Authors: Widłak Tomasz
Published: May 2021

Przedmiotem rozważań jest prezentacja konstruktywizmu jako propozycji teoretycznej w obrębie nauk politycznych o stosunkach międzynarodowych oraz poczynienie wstępnych uwag co do możliwości wykorzystania tego podejścia na gruncie nauk prawnych, zwłaszcza teorii prawa międzynarodowego. Konstruktywizm zostanie ukazany także w kontekście aprobaty postulatu szerszego otwarcia się teorii prawa i dogmatyki prawa międzynarodowego na propozycje innych dyscyplin naukowych, z którymi dzielą one do pewnego stopnia przedmiot badań. Kluczowe problemy współczesnego prawa, a prawa międzynarodowego w szczególności, wymagają dzisiaj podejścia interdyscyplinarnego, nie tylko w kontekście czysto merytorycznym, lecz także epistemologicznym i metodologicznym.
Multicentryczne spojrzenie na porządek prawny w perspektywie diachronicznej
Authors: Schmidt-Kwiecińska Katarzyna
Published: May 2021

Autor analizuje relację prawa UE i prawa krajowego. Skupia się głównie na koncepcji multicentryczności systemu prawa. Przyjęcie perspektywy diachronicznej przy jego analizie umożliwia uchwycenie specyfiki prawa UE w dynamicznie zmieniającej się rzeczywistości. Pozwala na przedstawienie multicentryczności oraz dyskusji w tym zakresie w sposób właściwy dla „czasów przemian”.
Integracja zewnętrzna prawoznawstwa a badania nad sprawiedliwością tranzycyjną
Authors: Krotoszyński Michał
Published: May 2021

Niniejsze opracowanie koncentruje się, po pierwsze, na roli teorii i filozofii prawa w badaniach nad sprawiedliwością czasu przełomu; po drugie zaś, wskazuje ono na możliwości, jakie na tym polu daje integracja zewnętrzna prawoznawstwa z innymi naukami.
Narracja w prawie? Drogi recepcji pojęcia
Authors: Mirocha Łukasz
Published: May 2021

Niniejsze opracowanie stanowi próbę odpowiedzi na następujące pytania: czy popularność narracji to jedynie efekt mody intelektualnej? Czy narracja może okazać się atrakcyjnym konceptem dla teoretyków prawa? W jaki sposób pojęcie narracji zostaje przeszczepione do prawoznawstwa? Autor nie aspiruje do kompletnego przedstawienia zjawiska narratywizmu, ogranicza się do zaprezentowania wybranych kontekstów funkcjonowania pojęcia narracji., które to pojęcie zostało zaczerpnięte z literaturoznawstwa.
Nauki kognitywne a filozofia prawa
Authors: Załuski Wojciech
Published: May 2021

Terminem „nauki kognitywne” określa się interdyscyplinarny program badawczy wykorzystujący osiągnięcia m.in. psychologii poznawczej, neuroscience, teorii sztucznej inteligencji, teorii systemów, lingwistyki i psychologii ewolucyjnej w celu wyjaśnienia procesów poznawczych człowieka. Autor w niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawia trzy tezy, w których próbuje wyjaśnić zasadność współoddziaływania kognitywizmu na filozofią prawa.
The Internet of Things. Zagadnienia filozoficznoprawne
Authors: Górski Łukasz
Published: May 2021

Autor w poniższym opracowaniu porusza problem wszystkiego, co można m.in. odczytywać, rozpoznawać, kontrolować przez Internet a także każdy system połączonych urządzeń obliczeniowych, powszechnych i „niewidocznych” w codziennym użyciu, a co nosi pojęcie "Internet of Things".
(De)kulturyzacja i (de)hybrydyzacja języka prawnego w procesie tworzenia i transpozycji prawa Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Doczekalska Agnieszka
Published: May 2021

W niniejszym tekście autorka omawia dwa procesy, jakim podlega język prawny podczas tworzenia prawa unijnego (tj. dekulturyzację i hybrydyzację) oraz zwraca uwagę na dwa przeciwne procesy, występujące zwłaszcza podczas transpozycji dyrektyw unijnych do systemu prawnego państw członkowskich (tj. kulturyzację i dehybrydyzację).
Argument pragmatyczny w wykładni prawa administracyjnego
Authors: Łuczak Konrad
Published: May 2021

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest próba zbliżenia teorii prawa i dogmatyki prawa administracyjnego w przedmiocie argumentu pragmatycznego, będącego dość złożonym narzędziem służącym do wykładni przepisów prawa. Autor poszukuje odpowiedzi na pytania o dopuszczalność i przydatność stosowania argumentu pragmatycznego przez dogmatykę prawa administracyjnego, co stanowi formę jego weryfikacji na gruncie tej dogmatyki. Do głównych zagadnień, jakie w tym kontekście zostały podjęte należą: teoretyczna koncepcja argumentu pragmatycznego oraz przypadki jego zastosowania na tle wybranych zjawisk (cech) charakterystycznych dla prawa administracyjnego.
„Dobro wspólne” polskich koncepcji wykładni prawa. Próba parafrazy przy użyciu modelu interdyscyplinarnego rozwoju nauki Henka Zandvoorta
Authors: Zajęcki Maurycy
Published: May 2021

W artykule Marka Zirk-Sadowskiego i Macieja Zielińskiego pada pytanie: czy do zintegrowania stanowisk dotyczących wykładni prawa wystarczą tylko środki, którymi dysponuje teoria prawa? Na to pytanie autor niniejszej pracy próbuje udzielić własnej odpowiedzi, przypominając wcześniej poglądy teoretyków prawa na status dyscypliny, którą uprawiają. Autor posiłkuje się falsyfikacjonizmem opierającym się na Lakatosowskich programach naukowych i dodatkowo uzupełnionym o idee metodologiczne Henka Zandvoorta. W efekcie przedstawioną analizę tylko częściowo nazwać można rekonstrukcyjną; w głównych punktach jest to parafraza. Centralne pojęcie w koncepcji źródłowej – pojęcie „dobra wspólnego” – eksplikuje autor przy użyciu pojęcia programu zamkniętego.
Key Global Policy Dates and Engagement Opportunities for the Covid Collective
Authors: Bolton Laura
Published: May 2021

Map key international and national days, events, moments relating to Covid-19 (e.g. health, socio-economic, inclusion impacts) to inform Covid Collective’s schedule of publications and activities. Mapping should include: - UN/international days; - Global events, e.g. COP 26; - National days/key events in Covid Collective countries; - Key milestones, anniversaries tied to the pandemic.
Mediation and Peacebuilding in Tunisia: Actors and Practice
Authors: Walsh Alex , Hassine Ben
Published: May 2021

This Helpdesk Report is part mapping of the mediation and peacebuilding actors in Tunisia and part review of the available literature. There are a host of governmental and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that are involved in the mediation of conflicts and peacebuilding, both in formal and informal ways. There is overlap in the principles and goals of peacebuilding and mediation; many organisations conduct both practices, intermingling them. Local, regional, national and international actors have applied mediation and peacebuilding to many different types of conflict in the past decade in Tunisia, involving varied parties. The case studies included in this rapid review cover conflicts relating to labour and the economy, the environment, basic services, constitutional/political disputes, and women’s rights. They involve local communities, the unemployed national and regional trade unions, civil society organisations (CSOs), national utility and mineral companies, and political parties.
Defining Characteristics of Democracy in the 21st Century
Authors: Lenhardt Amanda
Published: May 2021

This report offers a brief overview of the literature on the defining characteristics of democracy in the 21st century. This report seeks to map out a range of conceptual approaches to understanding democracy, evidence on emerging trends in democratisation, and challenges to realising democracy in its varied forms. The report begins with a discussion on definitions of democracy that have emerged in recent decades (Section 2), highlighting a range of qualifiers that are widely used to differentiate and analyse different democratic regime types. Section 3 summarises trends in key indicators of democracy from widely cited observers – The Economist Intelligence Unit and the V-Dem Institute - and recent trends in public opinion towards democracy, according to World Values and Pew Centre surveys. Section 4 gives a very brief overview of three leading challenges to democracy discussed widely in the literature – gender inequality; the role of media and social media; and declining quality of elections, freedom of expression and civic space.
Učinek računalniškega kognitivnega treninga prostorske navigacije na kognitivne sposobnosti pri nadarjenih učencih
Authors: Slatenšek Barbara , Kavčič Vojko , Bakračevič Karin
Published: May 2021

Prostorska navigacija je kompleksna kognitivna sposobnost, ki je nujna za vsakodnevno delovanje v okolju in je odvisna od širokega spektra kognitivnih sposobnosti. Namen pričujoče raziskave je bil preveriti učinek računalniškega kognitivnega treninga prostorske navigacije na povečanje obsega kratkoročnega spomina, delovnega spomina, vidnoprostorskega spomina in besednega spomina ter na izboljšanje hitrosti procesiranja informacij in izvršilnih funkcij pri nadarjenih učencih. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 28 učencev iz 5. in 6. razreda osnovne šole, ki so bili identificirani kot nadarjeni učenci na različnih področjih in so na testu inteligentnosti (Standardne progresivne matrike [SPM]) dosegli nadpovprečen rezultat. V eksperimentalni skupini (13 učencev) so nadarjeni učenci izvajali kognitivni trening z nalogami virtualnega labirinta v osmih srečanjih po 45 minut enkrat tedensko, medtem ko je bila kontrolna skupina pasivna. Rezultati so pokazali, da je bil kognitivni trening učinkovit, saj so nadarjeni učenci v eksperimentalni skupini v primerjavi z učenci iz kontrolne skupine po končanem treningu z virtualnim labirintom dosegli statistično pomembno boljše rezultate pri hitrosti procesiranja in pri takojšnjem priklicu vidnoprostorskega spomina. Rezultati naše raziskave kažejo na učinkovitost kognitivnega treninga tudi pri nadarjenih učencih z višjimi kognitivnimi sposobnostmi.
Računalniški kognitivni trening pri otrocih in mladostnikih z lažjo motnjo v duševnem razvoju
Authors: Mahne Nastasija , Bakračevič Karin , Kavčič Vojko
Published: May 2021

Več študij je preučevalo bližnje in daljne transferne učinke kognitivnega treninga (predvsem treninga delovnega spomina), a je bilo le malo študij narejenih na populaciji otrok z lažjo motnjo v duševnem razvoju. Iz tega razloga smo želeli v naši raziskavi preveriti, kakšne učinke ima računalniški kognitivni trening – virtualni labirint – na kognitivne funkcije otrok z lažjo motnjo v duševnem razvoju. V raziskavi so nas še posebej zanimali učinki treninga na izvršilne funkcije in nekatere z njimi povezane kognitivne funkcije: preklapljanje med mentalnimi seti, verbalno fluentnost, delovni spomin, dolgotrajni spomin in hitrost procesiranja. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 21 učencev, 11 v eksperimentalni in 10 v kontrolni skupini. Vključili smo učence od 4. do 9. razreda, stari so bili od 10 do 19 let. Eksperimentalna skupina je trening izvajala 12-krat po 35 minut. Intervencija je potekala skupinsko, dvakrat na teden. Kontrolna skupina je bila pasivna in ni izvajala nobenih aktivnosti. Pred in po končanih treningih smo udeležence v kontrolni in eksperimentalni skupini testirali z nevropsihološkimi testi in računalniško baterijo CogState. Rezultati so pokazali pomembne izboljšave pri eksperimentalni skupini v primerjavi s kontrolno skupino na Reyjevem slušno-verbalnem testu (s katerim preverjamo kognitivne sposobnosti na področju slušno-besednega spomina), pri meri skupnega števila priklicanih besed (vsoti preizkusov od I do III) ter na preizkusu po interferenci (preizkusu IV). Pomembne izboljšave pri eksperimentalni skupini v primerjavi s kontrolno pa so se pokazale tudi pri Testu povezovanja – delu A, ki preverja motorično hitrost. Najmočnejši je bil torej učinek treninga na hitrost procesiranja vidnih informacij in besedni spomin.
Sistematični pregled dejavnikov učinkovitosti računalniškega kognitivnega treninga pri otrocih z motnjo pozornosti s hiperaktivnostjo
Authors: Mičič Sara , Kavčič Vojko , Bakračevič Karin
Published: May 2021

Računalniški kognitivni treningi (RKT) za otroke z motnjo pozornosti s hiperaktivnostjo (ADHD) so namenjeni premagovanju specifičnih primanjkljajev in zmanjševanju simptomov, povezanih z motnjo pozornosti. Tovrstni treningi postajajo vse bolj razširjeni in raziskani, vendar še ni povsem jasno, kako učinkovito vplivajo na generalizirane funkcionalne primanjkljaje, kot so pomanjkanje pozornosti, impulzivnost, pomanjkanje inhibicije na področju vedenja ter primanjkljaji na področju načrtovanja in organizacije. Primanjkljaji na področju izvršilnih sposobnosti, kamor spadajo tudi primanjkljaji na področju delovnega spomina, predstavljajo pomemben del ADHD in morda predstavljajo tudi osnovo za ostale simptome ADHD kamor spadajo težave na področju pozornosti, motivacije, aktivnosti in težave na področju vedenja. Zato v literaturi pogosto zasledimo RKT izvršilnih sposobnosti in delovnega spomina, ki predpostavljajo, da lahko s pomočjo njihovega izboljšanja zmanjšamo simptome ADHD. Namen pričujočega prispevka je pregledati in kritično ovrednotiti raziskave s področja RKT za otroke z ADHD in ugotoviti, ali so se tovrstni treningi v predhodnih raziskavah pokazali kot učinkoviti pri premagovanju primanjkljajev, ki so najpogostejši pri otrocih z ADHD, ter kateri tip RKT se v predhodnih raziskavah kaže kot učinkovit. Raziskovalne članke za ta prispevek smo iskali s pomočjo podatkovnih baz, vključenih v skupino EBSCOhost, in v bazah Science Direct ter Web of Science. Raziskave kažejo, da ima RKT potencialno pozitiven učinek na kognitivne sposobnosti otrok z ADHD. Nekatere študije so pokazale tudi pozitiven učinek na zmanjšanje disfunkcionalnega in impulzivnega vedenja. Vendar pa študije niso povsem enotne v obsegu vpliva RKT na tovrstne simptome, prav tako se razlikujejo v uporabljenem tipu RKT.
Učinek kognitivnega računalniškega treninga pri aktivnih starejših odraslih
Authors: Bakračevič Karin , Horvat Veronika , Kavčič Vojko , Knez Anja
Published: May 2021

Staranje populacije in z njim povezani kognitivni upadi so s seboj prinesli povečano zanimanje za kognitivni računalniški trening kot eno od možnosti za ohranjanje kognitivnih sposobnosti. Namen naše raziskave je bil preveriti učinek kognitivnega računalniškega treninga na kognitivne sposobnosti ter povezanost tega učinka s predhodnimi kognitivnimi sposobnostmi in zadovoljstvom z življenjem pri populaciji aktivnih starejših odraslih. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 46 udeležencev, od tega jih je bilo 25 deležnih kognitivnega računalniškega treninga, ostali pa so predstavljali pasivno kontrolno skupino. Obe skupini smo testirali s testno baterijo pred in po zaključeni intervenciji. Testna baterija je bila sestavljena iz demografskega vprašalnika in objektivnih testov kognitivnih sposobnosti. Rezultati so pokazali učinke kognitivnega računalniškega treninga na vidnoprostorske sposobnosti, pozornost, kratkotrajni in delovni spomin. V skladu s predvidevanji pa se razlike niso pokazale pri verbalnih sposobnostih. Prav tako smo ugotovili večji učinek kognitivnega računalniškega treninga pri posameznikih z nižjimi kognitivnimi sposobnostmi na vidnoprostorskem področju, na področju kratkotrajnega spomina, verbalne fluentnosti in hitrosti procesiranja informacij.
Uvod v kognitivni trening
Authors: Kavčič Vojko
Published: May 2021

V zadnjih nekaj desetletjih se je izredno povečalo zanimanje za kognitivni trening in njegovo uporabo. Kognitivni trening (KT), ki je pogosto omenjen tudi kot umovadba, možganski trening ipd., opredeljujemo kot vodeno vadbo specifičnih nalog, običajno strukturiranih, z namenom izboljšanja umskih sposobnosti. Posamezniki lahko vadijo različne kognitivne procese, od pozornosti do različnih vrst spomina, izvršilnih sposobnosti, hitrosti procesiranja informacij in reševanja problemov. V tem članku je predstavlje-nih nekaj temeljnih značilnosti KT. Po kratki predstavitvi zgodovinskega ozadja KT sledi opis osnovnih parametrov KT, povzetih po metaanalizi Lampita idr. (2014). Posebej je predstavljen računalniški KT in njegove prednosti. Večina članka je namenjena razpravi o kriterijih za opredelitev uspešnosti kognitivnih treningov, s poudarkom na trajanju učinkov KT in daljnem transferu, tj. izboljšanju tistih umskih sposobnosti, ki niso bile neposredno vključene v KT. Omenjena je tudi nevroplastičnost kot možganska podlaga KT. Članek zaključuje, da bo potrebnih še veliko študij, ki bodo natančneje preučile vse potrebne lastnosti KT za dober, učinkovit in trajnejši uspeh, kakor tudi študij, ki bodo natančneje preučile izbor izhodnih mer za zanesljivo in veljavno merjenje učinkov KT. Področje KT je kljub vsemu obetavno področje psihologije, nevroznanosti in sorodnih disciplin, ki lahko veliko prispeva posamezniku in družbi.
Sélection sur la ponte des poules en systèmes alternatifs à la cage
Authors: BÉCOT Lorry , BÉDÈRE Nicolas , LE ROY Pascale
Published: May 2021

Les effectifs de poules pondeuses élevées dans des systèmes alternatifs à la cage augmentent en Europe. Dans ces systèmes, les poules évoluent librement dans des groupes de grande taille et doivent pondre dans des nids. Les sélectionneurs ont besoin de mesurer les performances de ponte individuelles des poules dans ces conditions très différentes de la cage. Pour cela, des nids électroniques ont été développés. Ces nids permettent de mesurer les critères de sélection classiques de production d’œufs et de qualité d’œuf, mais également de nouveaux caractères de ponte liés au comportement précédant la ponte et au comportement au nid. Les caractères de rythme de ponte des poules peuvent aussi être mesurés précisément grâce à l’enregistrement de l’heure de ponte. Les connaissances sur le déterminisme génétique de ces caractères de ponte, encore partielles, offrent d’ores et déjà des perspectives de sélection pour améliorer les performances de ponte dans ces systèmes d’élevage ainsi que la capacité d’adaptation des animaux et leur bien-être.
Automation in Marketing: A Survey
Authors: Singh Aniket , Dode Nupoor , Barve Rohit
Published: May 2021

In order to be able to face competition, thriving corporations have to be compelled to maintain an awfully smart relationship with their existing customers and additionally to be able to anticipate their future wants. Thus, corporations do not target customers as teams, however they’re attempting to focus on them as individuals. However, to be able to use this information, corporations have to be compelled to use promoting automation tools. Marketing Automation was an idea first introduced in 2001 by John D.C. Little in his presentation at the 5th Invitational Choice Symposium UC Berkeley 2001. This survey paper assesses prominent research on Marketing Automation and suggests how it can be modified to adapt to the current marketing scenario.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined With Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Choi Joon Young , Song Jin Woo , Rhee Chin Kook
Published: May 2021

Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) have distinct clinical features, both diseases may coexist in a patient because they share similar risk factors such as smoking, male sex, and old age. Patients with both emphysema in upper lung fields and diffuse ILD are diagnosed with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE), which causes substantial clinical deterioration. Patients with CPFE have higher mortality compared with patients who have COPD alone, but results have been inconclusive compared with patients who have idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Poor prognostic factors for CPFE include exacerbation, lung cancer, and pulmonary hypertension. The presence of interstitial lung abnormalities, which may be an early or mild form of ILD, is notable among patients with COPD, and is associated with poor prognosis. Various theories have been proposed regarding the pathophysiology of CPFE. Biomarker analyses have implied that this pathophysiology may be more closely associated with IPF development, rather than COPD or emphysema. Patients with CPFE should be advised to quit smoking and undergo routine lung function tests, and pulmonary rehabilitation may be helpful. Various pharmacologic agents may be beneficial in patients with CPFE, but further studies are needed.
Effect of LI Concentration on the Structural and Optical Properties of Co1-xLixCr2O4 Chromate Nanoparticles Prepared By Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Rani Malika , Batool Kiran , Batool Hafiza , Younus Aisha , Azam Sikander , Mehmood Arshad , Haq Bakhtiarul , Alshahrani Thamraa , Maqbool Muhammad
Published: May 2021

CoCr2O4 and doped lithium Co1-xLixCr2O4 chromate powder and nanoparticles were prepared by modified by sol-gel method. The morphological and structural properties of nano chromates were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and Photoluminescence (PL). Nanoparticles of doped lithium were synthesized by adding appropriate amount of cobalt nitrate, chromium nitrate, lithium nitrate and 1,2 Ethanediol as a complexing agent. The sample were heated at 105 ˚C for ten hours in oven to obtain dry gel. Calcination temperature for these samples was 700˚C for 3 hours in a furnace. The particle size of parent compound ranges from 4.4 nm to 11 nm, determined by SEM. The tendency of particles to form the aggregates with the increased annealing temperature was observed. The SEM and optical characterization of this compound has shown the sol gel derived material may be successfully used as an effective doped lithium cobalt ceramic pigment with controlled variation in structural and optical properties. SEM images showed that spherical like doped particle have diameter 33nm. From PL spectra Nano structure shows band gap 2.5ev and when we doped Lithium in it band gap decreases and become 1.19ev, which is associated to band gap transition.
Pattern of sports injury among the junior high school footballers in Dhaka city of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossen Kabir , Bhuiyan Md. Al-Amin , Yasmin Evana , Anwar Humayra Binte , Hossain Anupam , Yasmin Nawzia
Published: May 2021

Globally, football as a sport has recorded the highest rate of injury morbidity compared with other sports due to the high degree of contact between the players. Coaches play an important role in reducing injuries among the players. The objective of this study was to explore the pattern of football-related sports injuries among junior high school footballers in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2019 to March 2019 in 20 junior high schools in Dhaka Metropolitan city. We observed 368 boys in the age range of 10 to 18 years old. A pre-structured questionnaire was provided to six trained junior physiotherapists to conduct the face-to-face interview with the boys in the school setting. Most students were from middle-income families. The injury prevalence of defenders was the most (157, 42.7%) followed by mid-fielders (132, 35.94%), forwards (63, 17.1%), and goalkeepers (16, 4.3%). Tackling was the main cause of injury in 21.1% of cases followed by foul play in 19.1% of the cases. In July, there were more injuries (69.0%) and associated muscle strain. Injured footballers did not visit sports physiotherapists as much as they did other health profession and the association was significant. When considering scientific knowledge, students were aware of fitness, flexibility & endurance (25.5%), sports massage (24.5%), the relation of body structure with sports Injury (21.2%), warm-up and/or cool down (19.6%). Based on the study, it was seen that students had no scientific knowledge of sports. As sports is a key activity for school-going children, comprehensive sports injury preventive knowledge is needed for students and sports teachers and coaches. Access to sports physiotherapists is also needed to prevent and manage sports injury at the field level and for rehabilitation.
History as an Enemy and an Instructor: Lessons Learned from Haiti, 1915-34
Authors: Davis Christopher
Published: May 2021

As Haiti and other nations in the Caribbean and Latin America experience increasing instability, and the United States increases its naval presence in the region, history offers important lessons for future U.S. involvement. An exploration of the tactical innovations of the Marine Corps and of the influence of national history on the Haitian insurgencies during the U.S. occupation of Haiti (1915–34) reveals the significance of history in either achieving or curtailing military goals.
Political Warfare: The People's Republic of China's Strategy "to Win without Fighting"
Authors: Gershaneck Kerry K.
Published: May 2021

The Commandant of the Marine Corps has identified the People’s Republic of China (PRC) as an existential threat to the United States in the long term. To successfully confront this threat, the United States must relearn how to fight on the political warfare battlefield. Although increasingly capable militarily, the PRC employs political warfare as its primary weapon to destroy its adversaries. However, America no longer has the capacity to compete and win on the political warfare battlefield: this capacity atrophied in the nearly three decades following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Failure to understand China’s political warfare and how to fight it may well lead to America’s strategic defeat before initiation of armed conflict and to operational defeat of U.S. military forces on the battlefield. The study concludes with recommendations the U.S. government must take to successfully counter this existential threat.
Automation and the Future of Command and Control: The End of Auftragstaktik?
Authors: Simonetti Rosario M. , Tripodi Paolo
Published: May 2021

The impact of new technologies and the increased speed in the future battlespace may overcentralize command and control functions at the political or strategic level and, as a result, bypass the advisory role played by a qualified staff. Political and/or strategic leaders might find it appealing to pursue preemptive or preventive wars as a strategy to acquire asymmetric advantage over the enemy. This article investigates the roots of this trend, connecting historical perspectives with implications that next-generation technology may have on command and control.
Fit for Future Conflict: American Strategic Culture in the Context of Great Power Competition
Authors: Johnson Jeannie L.
Published: May 2021

U.S. strategic planners seeking to achieve the upper hand in ongoing and future conflict with near-peer adversaries will derive significant advantages from a thorough understanding of American strategic culture and its inherent blind spots. Studied self-awareness will make it less likely that U.S. adversaries can exploit deficits in traditional U.S. defense practices and may inspire an investment in skills, tactics, and diplomatic approaches that innovate beyond the American strategic culture comfort zone. New U.S. strategies are needed in the current era of ideological competition driven by Russia and China’s use of digital technologies to undermine democratic governance and grow the world market for data surveillance-based authoritarianism.
Dimensionless Solutions for the Time-Dependent and Rate-Dependent Productivity Index of Wells in Deformable Reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Wei , Mehrabian Amin
Published: May 2021

Reservoir depletion is known to reduce the porosity and permeability of stress-sensitive reservoir rocks. The effect may substantially hinder the productivity index (PI) of producing wells. This study presents analytical solutions for the time-dependent and steady-state well PIs, respectively, of a bounded, disk-shaped, elastic reservoir with no-flow and constant-pressure conditions at the outer boundary. A combination of Green's functions, the Laplace transform method, and the perturbation technique is used to solve the governing nonlinear partial differential equations of the considered coupled problems of flow and geomechanics. Dimensional analyses based on the Buckingham Π theorem are conducted to identify the dimensionless parameters groups of each problem and to express the resulting analytical solutions in the dimensionless form. In addition, necessary corrections to an existing error in the reported Green's functions for the induced strain field of a ring-shaped pressure source within an elastic half-space (Segall 1992) are made. The corrected Green's functions are used to obtain the strain induced by the pore fluid pressure distribution within a depleting disked-shaped reservoir. Consequently, a corrected permeability variation model compared to our previously published, time-independent solution for rate-dependent PI (Zhang and Mehrabian 2021a) is presented. Finally, a mechanistically rigorous formulation of the permeability modulus parameter that commonly appears in the pertinent literature is suggested. In addition to the in-house developed finite-difference solutions, the presented analytical solutions are verified against results from the finite-element simulation of the same problems using COMSOL® Multiphysics (2018).

The obtained rate-dependent PI of the reservoir is controlled by four dimensionless parameters, namely, the dimensionless rock bulk modulus, the Biot-Willis effective stress coefficient, Poisson's ratio, and rock initial porosity. The pore fluid pressure solution is shown to asymptotically approach the corresponding flow-only solution for large values of the dimensionless rock bulk modulus. Parametric analysis of the solution suggests that the well productivity loss has a reverse relationship with the dimensionless bulk modulus and initial porosity of the rock, whereas a direct relationship is identified with Biot-Willis effective stress coefficient and Poisson's ratio. Compared to the reservoir with a constant-pressure outer boundary, the PI of a reservoir with a no-flow condition at the outer boundary is shown to be more significantly hindered by the stress sensitivity of the reservoir rock.
Allocation of EV Public Charging Station in Renewable based Distribution Network using HHO Considering Uncertainties and Traffic Congestion
Authors: Pal Arnab , Bhattacharya Aniruddha , Chakraborty Ajoy Kumar
Published: May 2021

Electric vehicle (EV) is the growing vehicular technology for sustainable development to reduce carbon emission and to save fossil fuel. The charging station (CS) is necessary at appropriate locations to facilitate the EV owners to charge their vehicle as well as to keep the distribution system parameters within permissible limits. Besides that, the selection of a charging station is also a significant task for the EV user to reduce battery energy wastage while reaching the EV charging station. This paper presents a realistic solution for the allocation of public fast-charging stations (PFCS) along with solar distributed generation (SDG). A 33 node radial distribution network is superimposed with the corresponding traffic network to allocate PFCSs and SDGs. Two interconnected stages of optimization are used in this work. The first part deals with the optimization of PFCS’s locations and SDG’s locations with sizes, to minimize the energy loss and to improve voltage profile using harris hawk optimization (HHO) and few other soft computing techniques. The second part handles the proper assignment of EVs to the PFCSs with less consumption of the EV’s energy considering the road distances with traffic congestion using linear programming (LP), where the shortest paths are decided by Dijkstra's algorithm. The 2m point estimation method (2m PEM) is employed to handle the uncertainties associated with EVs and SDGs. The robustness of solutions are tested using wilcoxon signed rank test and quade test.
Bias correction of extreme values of high resolution climate simulations for risk analysis.
Authors: sanabria luis Augusto , Qin Xuerong , Li Jin , Cechet Robert Peter
Published: May 2021

Most climatic models show that climate change affects natural perils' frequency and severity. Quantifying the impact of future climate conditions on natural hazard is essential for mitigation and adaptation planning. One crucial factor to consider when using climate simulations projections is the inherent systematic differences (bias) of the modelled data compared with observations. This bias can originate from the modelling process, the techniques used for downscaling of results, and the ensembles' intrinsic variability. Analysis of climate simulations has shown that the biases associated with these data types can be significant. Hence, it is often necessary to correct the bias before the data can be reliably used for further analysis. Natural perils are often associated with extreme climatic conditions. Analysing trends in the tail end of distributions are already complicated because noise is much more prominent than that in the mean climate. The bias of the simulations can introduce significant errors in practical applications. In this paper, we present a methodology for bias correction of climate simulated data. The technique corrects the bias in both the body and the tail of the distribution (extreme values). As an illustration, maps of the 50 and 100-year Return Period of climate simulated Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI) in Australia are presented and compared against the corresponding observation-based maps. The results show that the algorithm can substantially improve the calculation of simulation-based Return Periods. Forthcoming work will focus on the impact of climate change on these Return Periods considering future climate conditions.
Experimental study of pre- and postnatal caffeine exposure and its observable effects on selected neurotranmitters and behavioural attributes at puberty
Authors: Owolabi Joshua , Kehinde Adefule , Shallie Philemon , Fabiyi Oluseyi , Olatunji Sunday , Olanrewaju John , Ajibade Testimony , Oyewumi Samson , Ogunnaike Philip
Published: May 2021

Caffeine is globally consumed as a stimulant in beverage drinks; it is also ingested in purified forms as power and tablets. Concerns have been raised about the potential consequences of intrauterine and early life caffeine exposure on brain health. This study modeled caffeine exposure during pregnancy and early postanal life until puberty, and the potential consequences. Caffeine powder was dissolved in distilled water. Thirty-two (n = 32) pregnant mice (Mus musculus) were divided into four groups- A, B, C and D. Group A animals served as a control, receiving placebo. Caffeine doses in mg/kg body weight were administered as follows: Group B, 10mg/kg; Group C, 50mg/kg; Group D, 120mg/kg. Prenatal caffeine exposure [phase I] lasted throughout pregnancy. Half the number of offspring were sacrificed at birth; the rest were recruited into phase II and the experiment continued till day 35, marking puberty. Brain samples were processed following sacrifice. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acetylcholine (ACh), and serotonin (5Ht) neurotransmitters were assayed in homogenates to evaluate functional neurochemistry. Anxiety and memory as neurobehavioural attributes were observed using the elevated plus and Barnes’ mazes respectively. Continuous caffeine exposure produced positive effects on short and long-term memory parameters; the pattern interestingly was irregular and appeared more effective with the lowest experimental dose. Anxiety test results showed no attributable significant aberrations. Caffeine exposure persistently altered the neurochemistry of selected neurotransmitters including ACh and 5Ht, including when exposure lasted only during pregnancy. ACh significantly increased in group BC+ to 0.3475µgg-1 relative to control’s 0.2508µgg-1; pre-and continuous postnatal exposure in Group B increased 5Ht to 0.2203 µgg-1 and 0.2213 µgg-1 respectively relative to control’s 0.1863 µgg-1. From the current investigation, caffeine exposure in pregnancy had persistent effects on brain functional attributes including neurotransmitters activities, memory and anxiety. Caffeine in moderate doses affected memory positively but produced negative effects at the higher dosage including increased anxiety tendencies.
The Effect of Workforce Birthplace Diversity on Firms: When do Migrants increase Firms’ Performance?
Authors: Misuraca Roberta , Annosi Maria Carmela , Carillo Maria Rosaria , Dolfsma Wilfred
Published: May 2021

Growing migration between countries and the sustained trend of globalization are changing business dynamics and creating conditions for increased workforce birthplace diversity within firms. However, few studies investigate the relationships between workforce birthplace diversity and firm performance. We address this, and also study how the impact of workplace birthplace diversity on firm performance is moderated by characteristics of the firms (firm size). We find that firm performance increases when workforce birthplace diversity increases. While larger firms perform better, smaller firms can make better use of birthplace diversity’s positive impact on firm performance. We analyzed a panel of 33,258 Italian firms operating in the agriculture sector between 2012 and 2017. Theoretical implications of our results are discussed, and further research is recommended to investigate appropriate internal mechanisms to enable firms to take advantage of workforce birthplace diversity.JEL: F22, J15, J61, Z1