bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Dropout Prediction in Distributed Educational Data Using Learning Pattern Awareness: A Federated Learning Approach
Authors: Zhang Tiancheng , Liu Hengyu , Tao Jiale , Wang Yuyang , Yu Minghe , Chen Hui , Yu Ge
Published: December 2023

Learning patterns are crucial for predicting student dropout in educational settings, providing insights into students’ behaviors and motivations. However, existing mainstream dropout prediction models have limitations in effectively mining these learning patterns and cannot mine these learning patterns in large-scale, distributed educational datasets. In this study, we analyze the representations of mainstream models and identify their inability to capture students’ distinct learning patterns and personalized variations across courses. Addressing these challenges, our study adopts a federated learning approach, tailoring the analysis to leverage distributed data while maintaining privacy and decentralization. We introduce the Federated Learning Pattern Aware Dropout Prediction Model (FLPADPM), which utilizes a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) and a bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) layer within a federated learning framework. This model is designed to effectively capture nuanced learning patterns and adapt to variations across diverse educational settings. To evaluate the performance of LPADPM, we conduct an empirical evaluation using the KDD Cup 2015 and XuetangX datasets. Our results demonstrate that LPADPM outperforms state-of-the-art models in accurately predicting student dropout behavior. Furthermore, we visualize the representations generated by LPADPM, which confirm its ability to effectively mine learning patterns in different courses. Our results showcase the model’s ability to capture and analyze learning patterns across various courses and institutions within a federated learning context.
Variable Selection for Sparse Logistic Regression with Grouped Variables
Authors: Zhong Mingrui , Yin Zanhua , Wang Zhichao
Published: December 2023

We present a new penalized method for estimation in sparse logistic regression models with a group structure. Group sparsity implies that we should consider the Group Lasso penalty. In contrast to penalized log-likelihood estimation, our method can be viewed as a penalized weighted score function method. Under some mild conditions, we provide non-asymptotic oracle inequalities promoting the group sparsity of predictors. A modified block coordinate descent algorithm based on a weighted score function is also employed. The net advantage of our algorithm over existing Group Lasso-type procedures is that the tuning parameter can be pre-specified. The simulations show that this algorithm is considerably faster and more stable than competing methods. Finally, we illustrate our methodology with two real data sets.
On Solvability Conditions for the Cauchy Problem for Non-Volterra Functional Differential Equations with Pointwise and Integral Restrictions on Functional Operators
Authors: Bravyi Eugene
Published: December 2023

Cauchy problems are considered for families of, generally speaking, non-Volterra functional differential equations of the second order. For each family considered, in terms of the parameters of this family, necessary and sufficient conditions for the unique solvability of the Cauchy problem for all equations of the family are obtained. Such necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for the following four kinds of families: integral restrictions are imposed on positive and negative functional operators, namely, operator norms are specified; pointwise restrictions are imposed on positive and negative functional operators in the form of values of operators’ actions on the unit function; an integral constraint is imposed on a positive functional operator, a pointwise constraint is imposed on a negative functional operator; a pointwise constraint is imposed on a positive functional operator, an integral constraint is imposed on a negative functional operator. In all cases, effective conditions for the solvability of the Cauchy problem for all equations of the family are obtained, expressed through some inequalities regarding the parameters of the families. The set of parameters of families of equations for which Cauchy problems are uniquely solvable can be easily calculated approximately with any accuracy. The resulting solvability conditions improve the solvability conditions following from the Banach contraction principle. An example of the Cauchy problem for an equation with a coefficient changing sign is given. Taking into account various restrictions for the positive and negative parts of functional operators allows us to significantly improve the known solvability conditions.
On a Linear Differential Game in the Hilbert Space ℓ2
Authors: Ruziboev Marks , Ibragimov Gafurjan , Mamayusupov Khudoyor , Khaitmetov Adkham , Pansera Bruno Antonio
Published: December 2023

Two player pursuit evasion differential game and time optimal zero control problem in ℓ2 are considered. Optimal control for the corresponding zero control problem is found. A strategy for the pursuer that guarantees the solution for the pursuit problem is constructed.
Comparison of Different Optimization Techniques for Model-Based Design of a Buck Zero Voltage Switching Quasi-Resonant Direct Current to Direct Current Converter
Authors: Hinov Nikolay , Gilev Bogdan
Published: December 2023

The present paper provides a comparison of different optimization techniques applied to the model-based design of a Buck Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) Quasi-Resonant DC-DC Converter. The comparison was made both on the basis of the duration of the optimization procedures and in terms of guaranteeing the performance of the power electronic device. The main task of the paper is to present various techniques based on the use of mathematical software for the optimal design of Quasi-Resonant DC-DC converters. These topologies were chosen because in them, the design is carried out according to computational procedures, in which several iterations are often necessary for the successful completion of the process. An optimization procedure with a target function reference curve of the output voltage was used. In this way, the optimization is performed without the need for a complete design of the device but only by using base ratios, design constraints, and past experience to determine initial values and intervals of change in circuit parameters. This is also the main advantage of the used optimization of the reference curve type of the output, compared to applying other objective functions, such as achieving minimum losses or maximum efficiency of the device.
Parallel Prediction Method of Knowledge Proficiency Based on Bloom’s Cognitive Theory
Authors: Zhang Tiancheng , Mao Hanyu , Liu Hengyu , Liu Yingjie , Yu Minghe , Wu Wenhui , Yu Ge , Wei Baoze , Guan Yajuan
Published: December 2023

Knowledge proficiency refers to the extent to which students master knowledge and reflects their cognitive status. To accurately assess knowledge proficiency, various pedagogical theories have emerged. Bloom’s cognitive theory, proposed in 1956 as one of the classic theories, follows the cognitive progression from foundational to advanced levels, categorizing cognition into multiple tiers including “knowing”, “understanding”, and “application”, thereby constructing a hierarchical cognitive structure. This theory is predominantly employed to frame the design of teaching objectives and guide the implementation of teaching activities. Additionally, due to the large number of students in real-world online education systems, the time required to calculate knowledge proficiency is significantly high and unacceptable. To ensure the applicability of this method in large-scale systems, there is a substantial demand for the design of a parallel prediction model to assess knowledge proficiency. The research in this paper is grounded in Bloom’s Cognitive theory, and a Bloom Cognitive Diagnosis Parallel Model (BloomCDM) for calculating knowledge proficiency is designed based on this theory. The model is founded on the concept of matrix decomposition. In the theoretical modeling phase, hierarchical and inter-hierarchical assumptions are initially established, leading to the abstraction of the mathematical model. Subsequently, subject features are mapped onto the three-tier cognitive space of “knowing”, “understanding”, and “applying” to derive the posterior distribution of the target parameters. Upon determining the objective function of the model, both student and topic characteristic parameters are computed to ascertain students’ knowledge proficiency. During the modeling process, in order to formalize the mathematical expressions of “understanding” and “application”, the notions of “knowledge group” and “higher-order knowledge group” are introduced, along with a parallel method for identifying the structure of higher-order knowledge groups. Finally, the experiments in this paper validate that the model can accurately diagnose students’ knowledge proficiency, affirming the scientific and meaningful integration of Bloom’s cognitive hierarchy in knowledge proficiency assessment.
Optimal Investment and Reinsurance Policies in a Continuous-Time Model
Authors: Tong Yan , Lv Tongling , Yan Yu
Published: December 2023

In the field of finance and insurance, addressing the optimal investment and reinsurance issue is a focal point for researchers. This paper contemplates the optimal strategy for insurance companies within a model where wealth dynamics adhere to a jump–diffusion process. The fractional structure of the diffusion term is extremely interpretative. This model encompasses elements of risky assets, risk-free assets, and proportional reinsurance. Based on this model and grounded in the principles of stochastic control, the corresponding HJB equation is derived and solved. Consequently, explicit expressions for the optimal investment and reinsurance ratios are obtained, and the solution’s verification theorem is proven. Finally, through a numerical analysis with varying parameters, results consistent with real-world scenarios are achieved.
Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Chao Zheng , Wang Zefeng , Li Le , Jiang Yi , Tang Yunxing , Wang Yanan , Hao Xiaodong , Zhang Chunyu , Guo Xiangdong , Yu Weimin , Cheng Fan , Wang Zhihua
Published: December 2023

Context: Several recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported on the survival benefits of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) compared to standard-of-care (SOC) treatment (enzalutamide, abiraterone, or docetaxel) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, there is a limited integrated analysis of high-quality evidence comparing the efficacy and safety of PARPi and SOC treatments in this context. Objective: This study aims to comprehensively analyze the survival benefits and adverse events associated with PARPi and SOC treatments through a head-to-head meta-analysis in mCRPC. Evidence acquisition: A systematic review search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Clinical trials, and the Central Cochrane Registry in July 2023. RCTs were assessed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The systematic review was prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023441034). Evidence synthesis: A total of 8 studies, encompassing 2341 cases in the PARPi treatment arm and 1810 cases in the controlled arm, were included in the qualitative synthesis. The hazard ratio (HR) for radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) and overall survival (OS) were 0.74 (95% CI, 0.61–0.90) and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.80–0.99), respectively, in the intention-to-treatment patients. For subgroup analysis, HRs for rPFS and OS in the BRCA-mutated subgroup were 0.39 (95% CI, 0.28–0.55) and 0.62 (95% CI, 0.38–0.99), while in the HRR-mutated subgroup, HR for rPFS was 0.57 (95% CI, 0.48–0.69) and for OS was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.64–0.93). The odds ratio (OR) for all grades of adverse events (AEs) and AEs with severity of at least grade 3 were 3.86 (95% CI, 2.53–5.90) and 2.30 (95% CI, 1.63–3.26), respectively. Conclusions: PARP inhibitors demonstrate greater effectiveness than SOC treatments in HRR/BRCA-positive patients with mCRPC. Further research is required to explore ways to reduce adverse event rates and investigate the efficacy of HRR/BRCA-negative patients.
A Large-Scale Outbreak of Trichinellosis from Infected Wild Boar Meat in Croatia and the Role of Real-Time PCR Assays in Confirming the Source of the Disease
Authors: Balić Davor , Dijanić Tomislav , Agičić Marija , Barić Josip , Kaltenbrunner Maria , Krajina Hrvoje , Hochegger Rupert , Škrivanko Mario , Kožul Karlo
Published: December 2023

Background: Trichinellosis in Croatia posed a significant health concern during the 1990s, followed by a notable improvement in the epidemiological situation. However, in 2017, there was a resurgence, with 37 recorded cases in 3 outbreaks and 3 sporadic cases. The source of this epidemic was homemade meat products derived from wild boar meat, leading to 26 infections. Methods: At the beginning of the outbreak and during the treatment of the patients, the medical and epidemiological records prepared throughout the investigation and over the course of patient treatment were reviewed. The recovery of the first-stage (L1) larvae from suspect meat products was achieved by artificial digestion. The molecular identification of the isolated larvae was performed by multiplex PCR. The molecular identification of the meat used to prepare the meat products was performed by real-time PCR assays. Results: The epidemic started in early 2017. In total, 71 exposed persons were documented: 26 with clinical symptoms and 3 hospitalised in two cities in different counties. The L1 burden in three different meat products was from 5.25 to 7.08 larvae per gram (LPG), and T. spiralis was determined as the aetiological agent of the outbreak. The molecular and biological identification confirmed that implicated meat products were made solely from wild boar meat. Conclusions: Although trichinellosis is no longer a frequent occurrence in Croatia, several cases are still registered nearly every year. Wild boar meat poses an important risk factor for human health if compulsory testing is not conducted before consumption, especially if the meat products are consumed without proper thermal processing.
Abundance and Characteristics of Fibrous Microplastics and Microfibers Isolated in Mullus barbatus from the Adriatic Sea—Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Santonicola Serena , Volgare Michela , Cocca Mariacristina , Colavita Giampaolo
Published: December 2023

Despite the wide distribution of textile microfibers in the marine environment, there is still limited knowledge on microfiber ingestion in fish species intended for human consumption, mostly due to analytical issues. The present study aims to assess the occurrence of microfibers in red mullet (Mullus barbatus) samples collected from the Italian waters of the central Adriatic Sea. M. barbatus is a bottom fish that lives in contact with sediment and therefore was proposed as a sentinel species for the monitoring plastic pollution. A visual approach based on the evaluation of specific microfiber surface morphology was applied for the identification of particles of different origins. The preliminary findings showed the presence of microfibers in 80% of red mullet samples with a mean of 5.95 microfibers/individual. The majority (>80%) of the isolated microfibers were of natural/artificial origin, while the dominant colors were blue and black. The obtained results confirmed that benthic fish species are susceptible to microfiber ingestion and indicate the high availability of these particles in the Adriatic basin. Considering the spectroscopic drawbacks in microfiber analyses and the need to improve the current knowledge on the rate of contamination of fishery products, the visual approach could be a feasible, easy, and accessible method in the study of microfiber pollution, and the assessment of consumer health risks.
A Laser with Intracavity Spectral Beam Combining with Continuous-Wave and Pulse-Periodic Pumping of Various Lasing Channels
Authors: Kamynin Vladimir , Kashin Vitalii , Nikolaev Dmitri , Trikshev Anton , Tsvetkov Vladimir
Published: December 2023

The output spectral, temporal, and spatial parameters of a two-channel Yb-fiber laser operating in an incoherent intracavity spectral beam-combining mode were investigated. One of the laser channels operated in continuous pumping mode, and the second channel operated in pulse-periodic pumping mode with a pulse duration of microseconds. When the channels operated separately, continuous lasing at a wavelength of λ1 was observed in one channel, and pulsed lasing at a wavelength of λ2 was observed in the other. When both channels operated simultaneously, it was shown that during the pump pulse action, the laser switched operation to pulsed collective mode lasing at a wavelength of (λ1 + λ2)/2. Lasing at wavelengths λ1 and λ2 was not observed at this time.
Tuning Q-Factor and Perfect Absorption Using Coupled Tamm States on Polarization-Preserving Metasurface
Authors: Rudakova Natalya V. , Bikbaev Rashid G. , Tyryshkina Larisa E. , Vetrov Stepan Ya. , Timofeev Ivan V.
Published: December 2023

The circular polarization of light flips its handedness after a conventional metallic mirror reflection. Therefore, a polarization-preserving metasurface is a crucially important element in a series of chiral photonic structures. They include tunable cholesteric LCs and anisotropic photonic crystals. Chiral structures are rich in interfacial localized modes including Tamm states. In this report, coupled modes formed as a result of the interaction between two chiral optical Tamm states or a chiral optical Tamm state and a chiral Tamm plasmon polariton are analytically and numerically investigated. It is shown that the effective control of coupled modes can be carried out by changing the pitch of the cholesteric and the angle between the optical axis of the cholesteric and the polarization-preserving anisotropic mirror. The influence of the metasurface period on the spectral characteristics of coupled modes is investigated. The possibility of realizing a bound state in the continuum of the Friedrich–Wintgen type, resulting from the destructive interference of coupled modes, which leads to the collapse of the resonance line corresponding to the chiral optical Tamm state, has been demonstrated.
Emerging Trends in Green Extraction Techniques for Bioactive Natural Products
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Nakagawa Mayuko , Cheng Shuo
Published: December 2023

This review explores eco-friendly methods for extracting bioactive natural products from diverse sources. The introductory exploration emphasizes the increasing demand for sustainable extraction methods, with a focus on the environmental impact of conventional approaches. Addressing existing knowledge gaps, this review outlines the key objectives of evaluating various green extraction technologies, including supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, and others. The primary findings underscore the remarkable potential and advancements achieved with green solvents, specifically deep eutectic solvents and bio-based solvents. This review elucidates the synergistic effects achieved by combining different extraction techniques, exemplified by ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction and sequential supercritical fluid and pressurized liquid extraction, among others. Notwithstanding the promising results, this review emphasizes the importance of acknowledging and addressing challenges such as standardization, selectivity, scalability, and economic viability.
Understanding the State Agency Policies toward RAP Usage in the United States: State of Practice
Authors: Revelli Venkatsushanth , Ali Ayman
Published: December 2023

The usage of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) material is a highly resource-conservative, economical, and sustainable practice in flexible pavement construction. However, its usage in hot mix asphalt (HMA) is capped at 25% by the majority of state transportation agencies due to its aging levels, stiffness characteristics, and handling capabilities, which may result in early-age pavement distress. Though researchers suggest methodologies to increase RAP usage, higher RAP percentages in asphalt pavements require the support of state authorities. The main objective of this paper is to provide information on how different states design their mixtures with high RAP percentages. This study reviewed the current state of practice of fifty (50) state DOTs in the United States (US) with respect to RAP usage and the factors governing its regulations. It was observed that the limit of RAP content is mainly governed by traffic levels, gradation, binder content, and stiffness contributed by RAP and layer position in a pavement structure. The specifications also suggest that apart from volumetric and performance justification, blending charts, fractionation, and virgin binder grade selection would facilitate the use of higher RAP content in HMA. Controlled mixture design abiding by state specifications can increase the allowable RAP to 40–100%.
“Mills of God”: Two Ways of Envisaging Justice and Punishment in Greek Antiquity
Authors: Nie Duluo
Published: December 2023

This paper discusses two typical Greek traditions of envisaging punishments for wrongdoings: one is the religious idea of inherited responsibility, and the other is the invention and evolution of the notion of hell. The former idea, sometimes summarized by authorities such as Gustave Glotz, Eric Dodds, and Hugh Lloyd-Jones under the terms inherited guilt, ancestral fault, and responsabilité héréditaire, is one of the major themes running through the writings of authors of both the Archaic and Classical periods, and is found in genres such as elegy, historiography, oratory, and prominently tragedy. As a core idea of Greek literature, it suggests that the descendants of wrongdoers are punished not for their own sins but for those of their ancestors. With the exclusion of ideas of a punishing hell, an afterlife, and the transmigration of souls, the doctrine of inherited responsibility has its own necessity for sustaining belief in the efficacy of divine punishment, given the common human experience that evil generally escapes punishment. Solon is the first Greek author to make such a statement explicitly. The latter tradition has a much longer history, which runs from Homer to Plato. Nonetheless, the descriptions of hell from Homer onwards do not remain consistent and uniform. Its evolution with the gradual incorporation of religious ideas such as afterlife punishment and transmigration of souls witnesses the need for a much more self-sufficient interpretation of cosmic justice than the notion of inherited responsibility. One interesting fact about the two traditions is that both have coexisted in the same period of time in the testimony of contemporary authors and even in the same author, notably Herodotus and Plato. Nonetheless, “with the growing emancipation of the individual from the old family solidarity”, the former idea has to give way to the latter. And in turn, the notion of inherited responsibility that gradually becomes unacceptable prompts the maturation of hell by the introduction of new elements from eschatological movements. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part serves as an introduction. The second part discusses the Homeric depiction of the Hades, which represents an early Greek understanding of the life of the dead. The third part is devoted to a detailed analysis of Solon’s notion of inherited responsibility and the various factors that contribute to its final explicit articulation. The fourth part focuses on the Orphic ideas of afterlife trial and transmigration of souls and their introduction into what we may call Platonic hell culminant in antiquity, which aims to offer a more self-contained system of justice and punishment. The fifth part is a conclusion.
Stitching Locally Fitted T-Splines for Fast Fitting of Large-Scale Freeform Point Clouds
Authors: Wang Jian , Bi Sheng , Liu Wenkang , Zhou Liping , Li Tukun , Macleod Iain , Leach Richard
Published: December 2023

Parametric splines are popular tools for precision optical metrology of complex freeform surfaces. However, as a promising topologically unconstrained solution, existing T-spline fitting techniques, such as improved global fitting, local fitting, and split-connect algorithms, still suffer the problems of low computational efficiency, especially in the case of large data scales and high accuracy requirements. This paper proposes a speed-improved algorithm for fast, large-scale freeform point cloud fitting by stitching locally fitted T-splines through three steps of localized operations. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm produces a three-to-eightfold efficiency improvement from the global and local fitting algorithms, and a two-to-fourfold improvement from the latest split-connect algorithm, in high-accuracy and large-scale fitting scenarios. A classical Lena image study showed that the algorithm is at least twice as fast as the split-connect algorithm using fewer than 80% control points of the latter.
Insights on the Impacts of Accelerometer Location on the Dynamics and Characteristics of Complex Structures
Authors: Takeshita Adam , Madrid Jonah , Granillo Ezekiel , Abdelkefi Abdessattar
Published: December 2023

There exists a high level of difficulty in understanding the physical responses of complex dynamical systems. To this end, researchers have previously used different measurement techniques, such as displacement sensors or accelerometers, in the laboratory to capture a system’s dynamics. A well-known structure in the literature is the Box Assembly with Removable Component (BARC) whose purpose is to gain a deep understanding of testing complex systems. Further breaking down the structure, the Removable Component (RC) portion is often used as a relatively simplified version which retains significant complexity from the original system. However, the placement of accelerometers on the RC have varied greatly throughout the literature which presents a challenge in comparing results and may not accurately represent the system’s dynamics. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is performed for three common accelerometer locations to determine how their placement affects the frequencies and mode shapes for the RC and results are compared against those without accelerometers. Free vibration experiments are carried out to understand the variation of frequencies and damping for each accelerometer location to obtain the overall response for the first mode of vibration. Next, random vibration experiments are run to gain insight on the interaction between linear and nonlinear responses based on excitation level, while showing the influence of an accelerometer’s location on system dynamics. The results demonstrate that the location of the accelerometer is highly influential on the linear and nonlinear characteristics of the system. It is proved that for the first mode of vibration, nonlinear softening and nonlinear damping behaviors may take place due to the interaction between the location of accelerometers, direction of excitation, and response axis analyzed.
Predicting Tissue Loads in Running from Inertial Measurement Units
Authors: Rasmussen John , Skejø Sebastian , Waagepetersen Rasmus Plenge
Published: December 2023

Background: Runners have high incidence of repetitive load injuries, and habitual runners often use smartwatches with embedded IMU sensors to track their performance and training. If accelerometer information from such IMUs can provide information about individual tissue loads, then running watches may be used to prevent injuries. Methods: We investigate a combined physics-based simulation and data-based method. A total of 285 running trials from 76 real runners are subjected to physics-based simulation to recover forces in the Achilles tendon and patella ligament, and the collected data are used to train and test a data-based model using elastic net and gradient boosting methods. Results: Correlations of up to 0.95 and 0.71 for the patella ligament and Achilles tendon forces, respectively, are obtained, but no single best predictive algorithm can be identified. Conclusions: Prediction of tissues loads based on body-mounted IMUs appears promising but requires further investigation before deployment as a general option for users of running watches to reduce running-related injuries.
Digital Embodiment as a Tool for Constructing the Self in Politics
Authors: Auriemma Vincenzo , Battista Daniele , Quarta Serena
Published: December 2023

This article offers an exploration of the theoretical and methodological implications related to the concept of digital embodiment in the field of contemporary communication. It seeks to analyze a crucial intersection between the virtual and material dimensions of human experience, enabling a deeper understanding of how bodies are shaped, visualized, and experienced in the digital age. Specifically, through this conceptual lens, we examine how human bodies are engaged in continuous interaction with digital technologies, giving rise to new forms of presence and identity. Therefore, we will seek to analyze how the personalization of the body within political communication has been profoundly affected by the virtualization of human experience. Next, we will introduce a new approach, useful for studying this fusion, that can emphasize the importance of analyzing this issue using ethnography, which is useful for fully understanding the complex dynamics surrounding the personalized digital body.
Powerful Knowledge in Social Studies Subjects—Challenges and Possibilities: A Problematizing Approach—Introduction
Authors: Franck Olof , Osbeck Christina
Published: December 2023

Issues relating to the design of knowledge-based teaching in social studies subjects are always topical and it is important to discuss them in light of both research and pedagogical practice [...]
Structural Malformations in the Neonatal Rat Brain Accompany Developmental Exposure to Ammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Gilbert Mary E. , O’Shaughnessy Katherine L. , Bell Kiersten S. , Ford Jermaine L.
Published: December 2023

Environmental contaminants are often flagged as thyroid system disruptors due to their actions to reduce serum thyroxine (T4) in rodent models. The presence of a periventricular heterotopia (PVH), a brain malformation resulting from T4 insufficiency, has been described in response to T4 decrements induced by pharmaceuticals that reduce the hormone synthesis enzyme thyroperoxidase. In this report, we extend these observations to the environmental contaminant perchlorate, an agent that interferes with thyroid status by inhibiting iodine uptake into the thyroid gland. Pregnant rat dams were administered perchlorate in their drinking water (0, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ppm) from gestational day (GD) 6 until the weaning of pups on postnatal day (PN) 21. Serum T4 was reduced in dams and fetuses in late gestation and remained lower in lactating dams. Pup serum and brain T4, however, were not reduced beyond PN0, and small PVHs were evident in the brains of offspring when assessed on PN14. To emulate the developmental time window of the brain in humans, a second study was conducted in which pups from perchlorate-exposed dams were administered perchlorate orally from PN0 to PN6. This treatment reduced serum and brain T4 in the pup and resulted in large PVH. A third study extended the period of serum and brain TH suppression in pups by coupling maternal perchlorate exposure with maternal dietary iodine deficiency (ID). No PVHs were evident in the pups from ID dams, small PVHs were observed in the offspring of dams exposed to 300 ppm of perchlorate, and very large PVHs were present in the brains of pups born to dams receiving ID and perchlorate. These findings underscore the importance of the inclusion of serum hormone profiles in pregnant dams and fetuses in in vivo screens for thyroid-system-disrupting chemicals and indicate that chemical-induced decreases in fetal rat serum that resolve in the immediate postnatal period may still harbor considerable concern for neurodevelopment in humans.
Create Dangerously: An Introduction
Authors: Ferch Shann Ray , Song Jiying
Published: December 2023

Introduction by Shann Ray Ferch and Jiying Song
The Silent Fight
Authors: dela Cruz Carmen
Published: December 2023

poem by Carmen dela Cruz
ENHANCING ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS' SPEAKING SKILLS THROUGH ROLEPLAY IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Hamid Syifa Fadhilah , Mulyana Agus , Pambudi Muhammad Tegar
Published: December 2023

This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 2 Tangerang Regency to investigate the impact of roleplay on enhancing the speaking skills of 11th-grade students. The study encompassed a population of 72 students from classes 11 MIPA 1 and 11 MIPA 2. Employing a quantitative approach and a quasi-experimental method, data was collected through classroom observations and assessments. The results of this study were analysed using SPSS 22, employing the Wilcoxon model. The analysis demonstrated that the two-tailed Wilcoxon test produced a statistically significant result, with the "assym.sig" value exceeding the Wilcoxon test criteria. As a result, the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected, and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. This indicates that the implementation of roleplay as a teaching method had a significant positive influence on students' communication and speaking skills. This research contributes valuable insights into the effectiveness of roleplay in enhancing speaking skills, offering practical implications for educators seeking to improve language proficiency among 11th-grade students.
La Familia y el desarrollo del Lenguaje en la Primera Infancia
Authors: Ramírez Téllez Arlett Beatriz , Téllez Lageyre Alexandra , Hidalgo Herrera Rosell Ramón
Published: December 2023

El perfeccionamiento continuo en materia educacional que ocurre en los momentos actuales, demanda de profesionales y familias con una amplia preparación con la exigencia de contribuir a la formación educativa integral de la personalidad de los (las) niños (as), adolescentes y jóvenes que garantice calidad de vida y que les permita un desempeño activo en las diversas áreas del desarrollo social. Es por ello que la actividad comunicativa verbal, desde la expresión oral contextualizadas en la vida, constituye un elemento rector en los que se debe centrar la atención. Ello, sin duda se convierte en una de las problemáticas de mayor incidencia en la Educación Preescolar, en las últimas décadas. Los análisis realizados permiten corroborar que existen insuficiencias en la preparación de la familia de la primera infancia para contribuir con el desarrollo del lenguaje oral y la comprensión vivencial en los niños de cuarto año de vida, lo que implica que el vocabulario de los niños (as) en esta fase etaria evidencie limitación La investigación tiene como objetivo ofrecer sugerencias de actividades, a partir de vivencias cotidianas de la familia, de modo que puedan ser utilizados para el enriquecimiento del vocabulario y la comprensión oral. La validez de la propuesta se constata con el uso de diferentes métodos, procedimientos y alternativas a favor de la aplicación de talleres con la familia, lo que a su vez constituye una vía factible, viable y valida en la solución del problema planteado.
Polynomial solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations in sobolev spaces
Authors: Gutiérrez Milton Milciades Cortez , Alvarado Carlos Alfonso Marquina , Casaverde Roberto Valentin Vite
Published: December 2023

We give a proof about the existence and uniqueness  of polynomial solutions for a nonlinear partial differential equations in Sobolev spaces defined in a smooth domain
Síndrome Coronariana em pacientes pós-transplante cardíaco: uma análise de literatura
Authors: Vilhena Danilo Vilela , Pedrosa Daniel Faria , Machado Altielly Montes , Castro Isabella Netto de Almeida , Ferreira Leonardo Jorge Monteiro , De Almeida Amanda Costa , Itagiba Iury Pacheco , Freitas Pedro Henrique de Oliveira Langoni Ribeiro , Benedeti Rafaela Reusing , Rocha Manuella Correa Barrias Nara , Milão Marttina Rossi , Do Prado Fellype Matos , Almeida Arthur Barbosa Silva
Published: December 2023

O transplante cardíaco ortotópico segue como o tratamento de escolha para pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca refratária às alternativas de tratamento convencionais farmacológicas. Todavia, por conta do recebimento de um órgão geneticamente diferente, necessitando de medicações imunossupressoras e, em alguns casos, indivíduos que já possuem fatores de riscos para desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares, surge o questionamento sobre a probabilidade desses pacientes transplantados sofrerem de Síndrome Coronariana Aguda (SCA), além de avaliar sua morbimortalidade quando comparado aos pacientes não transplantados. Objetivo: Investigar, interpretar e revisar os achados sobre Síndrome Coronariana Aguda em pacientes pós-transplante cardíaco, quanto também aos sinais e sintomas que podem aparecer nessas situações. Metodologia: Utilizou-se a base Medical Literature Analysis And Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), sob os descritos heart transplant & acute coronary syndrome, com seleção de artigos de revisão e artigos originais, seguidos critérios de elegibilidade. Foram encontrados 388 textos, com seleção inicial de 171, dos quais restaram 32 elegíveis.  Resultados: Os artigos redigidos em língua inglesa, contemplavam publicações de autores e periódicos de diferentes nacionalidades. A maioria dos artigos abrangia o ano de 2021 (11), sendo grande parte publicada entre os anos de 2020 e 2022. Considerações finais: Os estudos demonstraram que não houve correlação do transplante cardíaco com aumento direto da incidência de síndrome coronariana aguda, no entanto, uma das complicações tardias mais observadas do transplante cardíaco é a Doença Vascular do Enxerto (DVE), cursando com estenose dos vasos coronarianos, sendo assim, um grande risco à SCA, logo, entende-se que o risco à essa cardiovasculopatia aumenta indiretamente.
A importância da assistência de enfermagem à gestante com Síndrome HELLP
Authors: Da Silva Leticia Tamires Maria , Viana Maria Lívia da Silva , Pereira Mateus da Costa Cavalcante , Da Silva Tiago Emanoel Alves
Published: December 2023

A síndrome HELLP (hemólise [H], níveis elevados de enzimas hepáticas [EL] e contagem baixa de plaquetas [LP]) é uma complicação rara durante a gravidez que afeta principalmente as mulheres no terceiro trimestre ou pouco tempo após o parto. A síndrome HELLP pode ser uma complicação da pré-eclâmpsia, que é uma condição de alta pressão arterial durante a gravidez. O objetivo geral deste estudo é descrever a importância da assistência de enfermagem à gestante com síndrome HELLP O método utilizado foi uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizado na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) com as seguintes bases de dados: Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scientific Eletronic Libray Online (SciELO) e Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), no período de 2019 a 2023. Foi observado que a assistência de enfermagem desempenha um papel vital no cuidado às gestantes com síndrome HELLP, assegurando que a gestante receba cuidados abrangentes e de qualidade, através da assistência de enfermagem, é possível promover a detecção precoce de problemas, a aplicação de terapias apropriadas e o apoio necessário para enfrentar a complexidade da síndrome HELLP.
Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com Sepse em Alagoas: uma análise de 2016-2020
Authors: Calixto Gabriel Ferreira de Oliveira , De Oliveira Arlete Bulhões Cavalcanti Madeiro , Da Costa Renata Nobre , Oliveira Bruna Tavares , Eugênio Igor Guedes , Pascoal David Balbino , De Araújo Isabela Macêdo , De Almeida Ana Carolina Medeiros
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo traçar o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com sepse entre os anos de 2016 a 2020 em Maceió, Alagoas. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo epidemiológico, realizado em Maceió, a partir do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS), no período de 2016 a 2020, e das seguintes variáveis: Cor/raça, sexo e idade. Resultados: Foram realizadas tabelas para facilitar a análise e comparação dos dados. Infere-se que a maioria das internações por sepse em Alagoas foram realizadas em Maceió, sendo majoritariamente em indivíduos de idade inferior a cinco anos, pardos e homens; com exceção de 2020, em que a população feminina internada superou a masculina.  Conclusão: Tendo em mente que a maioria dos casos tanto em Alagoas como na sua capital são de crianças e idosos do sexo masculino e pardos, medidas poderão ser tomadas para prevenção de novos casos e para o direcionamento da conduta intra-hospitalar.
Escoliose idiopática do adolescente: avaliação e tratamento
Authors: Zucolotto Thiago Elias , Gerônimo Renan Miguel Porcini , Da Costa Laiane Cristina Silva
Published: December 2023

Explorar as estratégias contemporâneas de avaliação e tratamento da Escoliose Idiopática do Adolescente (EIA), com ênfase em diagnóstico, abordagens terapêuticas e gestão clínica. Foi conduzida uma revisão sistemática de literatura nas bases PubMed, Embase e Google Scholar, utilizando termos chave como "escoliose idiopática do adolescente", "avaliação da escoliose" e "tratamento da escoliose". Para a seleção dos estudos, priorizou-se a atualidade e relevância das informações, independentemente do ano de publicação, focando na etiologia, epidemiologia, diagnóstico e manejo da EIA. A EIA é prevalente no período de crescimento rápido na adolescência. A avaliação compreende um histórico clínico detalhado, exame físico, e uso de radiografias para determinação do ângulo de Cobb. Em casos selecionados, a ressonância magnética é empregada. O tratamento varia segundo a severidade da curva, abrangendo desde a observação e fisioterapia em casos leves até intervenções cirúrgicas em curvas graves. O uso de coletes ortopédicos demonstrou eficiência no controle da progressão de curvas moderadas. A gestão da EIA demanda uma abordagem multidisciplinar e adaptada, com avaliações regulares e tratamentos baseados na gravidade da curva e na maturidade esquelética do paciente. A constante atualização dos profissionais de saúde é vital para garantir a aplicação das práticas mais eficazes no manejo desta condição.
Revisão de literatura: os benefícios da educação sexual nas escolas
Authors: Firme Laura Santos , Rezende Matheus Ennes de Faria , Villela Pedro Almeida Santos , Neves Rillari Tawana Silveira , Quintão Crislian Silveira Reis
Published: December 2023

A educação sexual nas escolas, aborda tópicos como anatomia, fisiologia, orientação sexual e relacionamentos e a legislação brasileira influencia diretamente nessa dinâmica, tornando-a mandatória para os currículos. O atual estudo revisa a literatura existente a respeito dos efeitos pessoais e sociais da Educação Sexual e sua relevância, por meio da revisão de 9 artigos das bases de dados Scielo, PubMed e LILACS. E as pesquisas bibliográficas revelam evidências de que a educação sexual reduz taxas de  gravidez na adolescência e ISTs, promove a aceitação da diversidade sexual e também previne abuso sexual infantil e atua na melhora inclusividade da comunidade LGBTQIA+. Entretanto existem  desafios para a plena aplicação desse ensino, como o preconceito em relação a ele e o despreparo das redes de ensino. Apontando-se a necessidade de fortalecer a Educação Sexual no Brasil, visto dados alarmantes sobre violência sexual e de gênero, violências essas com severos impactos psicológicos, sexuais e sociais.
Slimmed Optical Neural Networks with Multiplexed Neuron Sets and a Corresponding Backpropagation Training Algorithm
Authors: Liu Yi-Feng , Ren Rui-Yao , Hou Dai-Bao , Weng Hai-Zhong , Wang Bo-Wen , Huang Ke-Jie , Lin Xing , Liu Feng , Li Chen-Hui , Jin Chao-Yuan
Published: December 2023

Optical neural networks (ONNs) have recently attracted extensive interest as potential alternatives to electronic artificial neural networks, owing to their intrinsic capabilities in parallel signal processing with reduced power consumption and low latency. Preliminary confirmation of parallelism in optical computing has been widely performed by applying wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to the linear transformation of neural networks. However, interchannel crosstalk has obstructed WDM technologies from being deployed in nonlinear activation on ONNs. Here, we propose a universal WDM structure called multiplexed neuron sets (MNS), which applies WDM technologies to optical neurons and enables ONNs to be further compressed. A corresponding backpropagation (BP) training algorithm was proposed to alleviate or even annul the influence of interchannel crosstalk in MNS-based WDM-ONNs. For simplicity, semiconductor optical amplifiers are employed as an example of MNS to construct a WDM-ONN trained using the new algorithm. The results show that the combination of MNS and the corresponding BP training algorithm clearly downsizes the system and improves the energy efficiency by a factor of 10 while providing similar performance to traditional ONNs.
Media Literacy Policy for Unknown Media Audiences
Authors: Rožukalne Anda , Skulte Ilva , Avădani Ioana , Lupu Cristina , Oggolder Christian , Stakle Alnis , Gálik Slavomír , Vrabec Norbert , Metanova Lora , Velinova Neli
Published: December 2023

Media literacy target audiences are an important part of media policy. Other national media policy objectives, such as quality and responsibility of the mass media, safety, and sustainability of the media environment, are also related to society’s media literacy. Aligning policy measures with the changing challenges of modern media use is not an easy task. Without systematic research, policy makers lack an in-depth understanding of the needs of media users and cannot be accurate in providing support mechanisms. By adopting a mediatization framework, this study seeks to dissect the symbiotic relationship between media and society within a mediatized context, paying particular attention to how media logic intertwines with various social subsystems and influences the trajectory of media policy development, specifically in the realm of media literacy. Drawing upon bibliographic data from the Mediadelcom project and conducting a meticulous content analysis of national media policy documents, we critically evaluate the media literacy policies in Austria, Bulgaria, Latvia, Romania, and Slovakia. The study aims to underscore how an overreliance on media logic and negligence of audience needs thwarts the efficacy of media literacy policies, ultimately hindering their capacity to fulfil their intended objectives. This research endeavours to illuminate these dynamics, providing valuable insights and recommendations for policymakers striving to enhance media literacy and foster a more informed, responsible, and resilient media landscape.