bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El Salón de los Reinos del Palacio del Buen Retiro como improvisado cuarto de maquetas (1779-1803)
Authors: Granado-Castro Gabriel , Aguilar-Camacho Joaquín , Cabrera-Revuelta Elena
Published: November 2023

Durante la Edad Moderna diversas cortes europeas consolidaron como tradición la fabricación de planos en relieve de ciudades fortificadas, complemento a otras formas de representación -mapas y planos- empleadas dentro del ámbito militar. En este contexto, el Salón de los Reinos del Palacio del Buen Retiro funcionó como un improvisado cuarto de modelos a finales del siglo XVIII. En él quedó instalado el modelo de Cádiz, único elaborado al amparo del proyecto global para la fabricación de maquetas de plazas fuertes del Reino, promovido por Carlos III (1776). Tras cuestionarse la utilidad de este primer modelo el proyecto fue abortado, si bien la estancia albergó siete modelos más con posterioridad. La identidad de las maquetas depositadas, el periodo de tiempo y las circunstancias en las que fue utilizado como cuarto de modelos son objeto de investigación.
Dibujo, etnografía y vivienda ensamblada. Métodos de representación de la vivienda japonesa contemporánea
Authors: Prieto Castro Salvador
Published: November 2023

El análisis de diversos casos de representación de la arquitectura de vivienda japonesa contemporánea y la utilización del dibujo como herramienta de conocimiento etnográfico permiten razonar sobre mejor modo de presentar la compleja realidad de una casa, en relación con el contexto en el que se sitúa. De esta forma se establece una reflexión en torno al método de representación adecuado para exponer la relación entre la vivienda ensamblada ligera, la ciudad densa y el espacio intersticial.
Lux in Tenebris: un flujo de trabajo para digitalizar y visualizar obras de arte pictóricas en contextos museísticos complejos
Authors: Apollonio Fabrizio Ivan , Fantini Filippo , Garagnani Simone
Published: November 2023

En el ámbito museístico es frecuente encontrarse con limitaciones logísticas que dificultan la documentación de las obras de arte. El patrimonio pictórico presenta además otras criticidades debidas a la imposibilidad de modificar la iluminación: basada en criterios de conservación y comunicación, haciendo resaltar las características materiales, cromáticas y de ejecución. Esto conduce a situaciones inadecuadas para el levantamientos por imágenes fotográficas, ya complicadas en sí por las complejas propiedades ópticas de los materiales. La técnica que aquí se presenta fue desarrollada para la documentación de la Anunciación (1430-32) de Fra Giovanni Angelico (Museo de la Basílica S. Maria delle Grazie, San Giovanni Valdarno, Arezzo) y permite eliminar y atenuar fenómenos indeseables debidos a las condiciones específicas del contexto museístico. Se mostrará una estrategia capaz de eliminar las sombras nitidas, así como los fenómenos de claroscuro, de las texturas asociadas al modelo digital de la pintura y su marco, garantizando su fidelidad visual.
Galvanic Corrosion of Strands in Re-Grouted, Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridges
Authors: Manickam Karthikeyan , Pillai Radhakrishna G.
Published: November 2023

Grouted, post-tensioned (PTD) concrete systems are widely used to construct bridges, typically with an anticipated corrosion-free service life of 100+ y. However, the usage of inadequate grout materials and grouting practices in PTD concrete systems have caused unwanted air voids in ducts, leading to strand/grout/air interface, carbonation of exposed grout layer, and localized corrosion of strands (say, within about 10 y to 20 y). Re-grouting of voids as a tendon repair strategy has led to accelerated galvanic corrosion of the portion of strands at the interface between the carbonated base grout and repair grout with different chemistry, raising concerns and reluctance in re-grouting of voids in tendons. This work focused on understanding and quantifying the galvanic corrosion at the interface of carbonated base grout and repair grout in a re-grouted tendon. The theoretical analysis based on mixed potential theory estimated a galvanic current density of approximately 2 µA/cm2 and showed that the galvanic coupling can increase the corrosion current density of the prestressing steel in the base grout by about two-fold. The study on prestressed steel in simulated solutions estimated a galvanic current density of approximately 20 µA/cm2. Then, the study on prestressing steel in grouts and the analytical simulation estimated galvanic current densities around 1.5 µA/cm2 to 2 µA/cm2 at 95% external relative humidity (ERH) and 25°C. A model relating the galvanic current density in grouted systems as a function of ERH was developed, which showed an exponential increase in the galvanic corrosion with an increase in ERH. Also, a case study showed that if the tendon anchorage region experiences 95% ERH for about 20 y, sufficient strand corrosion could happen, and structural behavior can change from ductile to brittle nature, which could be a serious concern for structures in the coastal zone.
O caso Jonathan: o complexo de álgebra
Authors: Moretti Méricles Thadeu
Published: November 2023

Este estudo apresenta o acompanhamento realizado durante três anos, que vai do quatrième2 ao seconde, de um aluno com muitos problemas de aprendizagem em álgebra. O jovem confundia os escritos de expressões numéricas e algébricas, assim como todos os termos que designavam operações de cálculo a serem feitas. Inicialmente, o acompanhamento consistiu em ajudá-lo nos deveres escolares que tratavam de três categorias de atividades matemáticas: transformação de expressões algébricas, resolução de equação, equacionamento3 de um problema para resolvê-lo. Essas três categorias pareciam-lhe sem relação. Para ajudá-lo na aprendizagem, foi necessário inventar atividades que tratavam de substituições das escritas de expressões no cálculo algébrico, no cálculo com números e na articulação da linguagem com as escritas correspondentes. Isso promoveu-lhe uma grande mudança de atitude e foi, desse modo, possível começar a fazê-lo compreender o equacionamento de um problema e a sua resolução. O objetivo deste estudo clínico é, por um lado, ouvir a voz de um aluno face às atividades e às tarefas algébricas propostas em sala de aula e, por outro lado, evidenciar a complexidade semiocognitiva dessas atividades e tarefas. Para tanto, escrevo a evolução de Jonathan abordando os pontos seguintes: análise semiocognitiva de atividades em álgebra, as transformações de expressões algébricas, resolução de equação, o equacionamento de dados do enunciado de um problema, análise retrospectiva da análise do equacionamento de um problema e os primeiros passos em álgebra feitos por Jonathan. Finalizo com uma perspectiva que a evolução de Jonathan pode trazer aos professores na maneira.
Logística e análise multicritério: uma forma de avaliar os serviços de outsourcing
Authors: Salazar Marcelo Crispim , Pinheiro Plácido Rogério
Published: November 2023

O uso de serviços logísticos terceirizados, mediante a contratação de Operadores Logísticos (OL), vem crescendo nas organizações. Isso porque, ao interferir na precificação dos produtos, a terceirização (ou serviços de outsourcing) da logística tem implicado em vantagens competitivas, fazendo-se necessário avaliá-lo. Para tanto, utilizando o método MCDA e da abordagem Macbeth, a pesquisa propõe um modelo multicritério para avaliar os serviços de outsourcing voltados para logística, com vistas à sua otimização.
Woodcuts as Reading Guides
Authors: Leerdam Andrea
Published: November 2023

In the first half of the sixteenth century, the Low Countries saw the rise of a lively market for practical and instructive books that targeted non-specialist readers. This study shows how woodcuts in vernacular books on medicine and astrology fulfilled important rhetorical functions in knowledge communication. These images guided readers’ perceptions of the organisation, visualisation, and reliability of knowledge. Andrea van Leerdam uncovers the assumptions and intentions of book producers to which images testify, and shows how actual readers engaged with these illustrated books. Drawing on insights from the field of information design studies, she scrutinises the books’ material characteristics, including their lay-outs and traces of use, to shed light on the habits and interests of early modern readers. She situates these works in a culture where medicine and astrology were closely interwoven in daily life and where both book producers and readers were exploring the potential of images.
Music Generations in the Digital Age
Authors: Zaborowski Rafal
Published: November 2023

What do we do when we listen? The act of engagement with music in everyday life may seem simple on the surface but participation, interpretation, circulation and cultural production in the digital age are more complex and entangled than ever before. It is especially so in Japan, with its vast multimedia idol and vocaloid industries. This unique ethnographic work at the intersection of cultural, media and music studies covers a wide spectrum of music-related activities embedded in the daily lives of two Japanese cohorts. The varied case studies, including teen idol groups and virtual idols, aid the detailed examination of the relation between music, generation, and society.
Müzelerde Çağdaş Sergileme Yöntemleri: Türkiye İş Bankası İktisadi Bağımsızlık Müzesi Örneği
Authors: BUYURGAN Serap , KARAAZİZ ŞENER Dilek
Published: November 2023

Müze, sanat izleyicisine/ziyaretçisine yeni bir sanat deneyimi ve atmosferi yaratır. Günümüz müzecilik anlayışı ve bu bağlamda uygulamalarını incelediğimizde söz konusu atmosfer manzarasının ziyaretçisini gerek sürekli gerekse süreli sergiler kategorilerinde farklı küratöryel kavramlarla karşılar. Bu karşılaşmada ziyaretçinin gözlem noktasında müzelerdeki objelerle/sanat eserleriyle herkesin deneyimlediği bağlam önemlidir. Bunun için de her objenin veya obje grubunun iyi bir sergileme ile birlikte sunulması hem mekânın ve sergilemenin karşılıklı konuşması, ziyaretçinin fiziksel ve duyusal durumlarını etkilemesi önemlidir. Günümüz sergi, sergileme yöntem ve uygulamalarının geldiği boyut, geliştiği atmosfer düşünüldüğünde, müze ziyaretçisinin sanat eserinden/objeden ne kadar etkilendiği sergileme ile direk bağlantılıdır. Bu bakış açısından hareketle araştırmada, Dünya ve Türkiye müzelerindeki çağdaş sergileme yöntemleri incelenmiş, çağdaş sergileme yöntemlerinin müzenin varlığına ve müzenin içerisinde yaşattığı dünyanın tanıtımına etkisi İş Bankası İktisadi ve Bağımsızlık Müzesi’nin çağdaş sergileme yöntemlerini vurgulayarak ortaya koyulmuştur. Ankara İş Bankası İktisadi bağımsızlık Müzesi hem süreli sergi salonları hem de “İktisadi bağımsızlık” adı altında müzenin giriş katında yer alan sürekli sergisiyle, özellikle 2000’li yıllarla birlikte ülkemizde gelişen müzecilikte çağdaş sergileme yaklaşımlarının uygulanmasında öne çıkan bir kurum müzesidir. Araştırmada nitel betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmış, araştırma sonucunda çağdaş sergileme yöntemlerinin müzenin yaşattığı dünyayı anlatmasındaki etkisi vurgulanmıştır. Ayrıca, müze, toplumsal belleğe katkı ve belleğin geleceğe aktarılması, yaşatılması ve anımsanma bakımından da ülkemizin Cumhuriyet tarihine çağdaş sergileme uygulamalarındaki görsel, bilgi ve belgeye dayalı tasarımları ve müze sergi kurgusunun uyarlanmasıyla da önem taşımaktadır.
The first general principle of sharia law: the acts of the subject are judged on the basis of his intent
Authors: Ramić Šukrija
Published: November 2023

This work highlights one of five general principles in Sharia law “Actions of an individual are judged according to his/her intentions”. In the introduction a definition for the Islamic law principles (el-qavaid el-fiqhijje) is provided, then the beginning and development of these principles are explained. Having in mind that the intention (niyyah) is closely related to this principle the question of the intention is studied from all aspects. Furthermore, some secondary principles, which might be driven under this general principle, are mentioned. In the conclusion it is specially emphasized that Islamic law has firm and unchangeable sources that enabled the establishment of those principles whish have continues validity and which help mujtahid (Islamic scholar of law) in the search for solutions in all circumstances. In the end the literature which has been used during this study is mentioned.
Proper understanding of the Qur'an and the scientifically based interpretation of the Qur'anic thought – the necessity and duty of each generation
Authors: Halilović Safvet
Published: November 2023

Qur'an was announced in an environment which well understood the language in which it was given.
The first interpreter of Qur'an was personally Allah’s Prophet, p.b.u.h.
Considering the standpoint that dealing with tafsīr is within the category of duties which are fard al-kifaya (there is a consensus of Islamic scholars on this), each generation of Muslims must give their contribution in analysis of Qur'an thought if they want to live in the spirit of Qur'an norms and principles and to seek solutions for issues and problems that life possess.
Accordingly, the need and the duty of contemporary Muslim generations is to (in the light of Qur'an and its universal principles) seek answers and solutions to questions posed by contemporary way of living, which requests a huge attention and interest, which they have to devote to the last Allah's Almighty announcement – Qur'an al-Karim.
Different aspects of Qur'an (moral, scientific, sociological, pedagogical, economic, political and other) have to be presented by a methodology and language which can be understood by a man of the modern time. This is a duty and obligation of contemporary Muslim generations throughout the world, especially of the most educated ones.
Abu Huraira r.a. – the greatest transferor of hadith
Authors: Kurdić Šefik
Published: November 2023

From the aforementioned it can be concluded that Abu Hurajrah r.a. with his spiritual, physical and intellectual characteristics, really deserves the epithet of one of the most famous and most recognized friends of Allah’s Prophet, p.b.u.h. The facts presented in this paper deny, in the best way, statement made by Abu Rayya and some other orientalists on unknown origin of Abu Hurajrah r.a. as well as on some other falsifications that they present in their works.
Abu Hurajrah r.a. has unquestionably deserved a compliment of the biggest conveyor of the second source of Shari'a law, by teaching Hadeth over 47 years after Mohammad, p.b.u.h., death.
Attacks on the personality of this great man in Islam and reflections that those attacks had on hadīth and hadīth science will be discussed next time, as his contribution to hadīth science and Islam in general has to be illuminated through a precise analysis. This time let us be pleased with illuminating some of events from his life and with highlighting some of his features which will definitely help us to put him on the place he really deserves!
Neo-racionalistic direction in islamic world and its influence on islamic thought in bosnia and the rest of the world
Authors: Adilović Zuhdija
Published: November 2023

Intellect occupies a very important place in Islam. Not one of the past revelations directs our attention to intellect, its role and significance in the life of man, as does the Book of Islam. A superficial glance at a Qur’anic text will reveal verses that end with the words: “… so that you would understand.” “…so that you would think.” “…to those who understand”, and which are repeated dozens of times.
Despite this, certain sects have appeared and disagreements emerged. Some extolled the intellect and assigned to it a higher place than it deserved. Contrary to this view, others completely neglected the intellect and denied its value.
The first generations of Muslims and their honourable followers remained steadfast and held firmly to the Truth, which was the reason for the flourishing of Islamic civilisation and all scientific fields: medicine, philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, geography, etc.
Neo-rationalist had negatively influenced Islamic thought and their ideas caused a negative attitude towards the classical commentaries of the Qur’an, the authenticity of the second source of Islam – hadith, certain fiqh regulations and the status of women in Islamic society.
All the modernists are not alike. There are those among them whose intentions are genuine and who are trying to offer their opinions, but they have remained faithful to Western ideas which they had adopted during their studies in the West, or they had fallen under the influence under mu’tezilizm (school of rationalism).
The significance of social preception in the building of interpersonal relations in the community
Authors: Alić Amel
Published: November 2023

The familiarity with the problem of social perception ought to be an integral part of individual work with every individual – without which one cannot except success on the level of an individual who is confronting his/her own self, raising the level of correction, learning from earlier experiences or correcting false beliefs.
The ability of adequate social perception gains in its meaning in the field of work, of not only the teachers, but also the imams and those who watch over the jam’ats, but also all the members of any community, so that no member of a jama’t on any level is exempt from the duty of ‘practising’ this quality. All the more so because of the fact that numerous Qur’anic verses and hadith direct our attention to the necessity of building adequate relations in the community, and as we have seen, it is difficult to expect such relations without quality and adequate social perception of all the participants.
To put it very briefly: to what degree is each and everyone of us capable of objectively perceiving him/herself, but also his/her own self in relation to others, to such an extent so that such individual qualities will be passed on to the entire community.
Key words: perception, social perception, perception errors, differentiative perception, autoperception.
The second general sharia – legal principle: there is no inflicting of harm or repaying one by inflicting harm (Lā darere ve lā dirār)
Authors: Ramić Šukrija
Published: November 2023

This paper sheds some light on one of the five general principles in sharia: “There is no inflicting of harm or repaying one by inflicting harm”, and the subordinate principles which are subsumed under it. The origin, the point of reference and the meaning of this principle is explained at the beginning with a special mention of the hadith with the same meaning, while the examples of this principle are presented at the end of this paper.
Following the explanation of the general principle, the subordinate principles are explained in detail along with examples: One eliminates harm as much as one is able to (Ed-Dareru yudfe’u bi-kadril-imkān), Harm is removed (Ed-Dareru lā yuzālu), Harm is not eliminated with identical harm (Ed-Dareru lā yuzālu bi mislihi), Greater harm is warded off with lesser harm (Ed-Dareru el-eshedu yuzālu bid-darer el-ehaff), Lesser evil and lesser harm is taken (Yuhtaru ehvenesh-sherreyni ev ehaffed-darereyn), When one is confronted with two bad things one endeavours to avoid the greater of the two evils by doing the lesser one (Izā te’āreda mefsedetāni ru’ije e’azamuhuma dareren birtikābi ehaffihima), In an attempt to eliminate general harm individual harm is endured (Yutehammelu ed-darer el-hāss li-def’i darerin ‘āmm), Eliminating harm si more important than acquiring gain (Der’ul’mefāsidi evlā min jelbil-mesālihi).
The paper concludes with an emphasis on the well-foundedness of the legal principles in sharia, their importance for the mujtehid and the community, especially when it’s considered that their aim is to make possible the attainment of common good for the individual, as well as for the community.
The foremost huffaz at the time of the Prophet, s.a.v.s.
Authors: Mehtić Halil
Published: November 2023

Qur’an is Allah’s last Book of Revelation passed through an angel named Jibril to Muhammed s.a.v.s. and to all humanity. Out of the Qur’anic text and the Prophet’s s.a.v.s words we can understand that Allah, the Sublime, guaranteed its preservation. Learning the Qur’an by heart (hifz) is one of the ways of preserving the Qur’an. The first hafiz was the Prophet s.a.v.s. himself and he encouraged ashabs to memorize the Qur’an. Many of the ashabs followed his lead. Bearing in mind the Messenger’s s.a.v.s. praise for a huffaz Muslims keep this practice alive to the present day.
Islamic scholars have a difference of opinion over the number of ashabs who knew Allah’s Book of Revelation by heart in His Messenger’s lifetime. We decided on the seven ashabs mentioned by Imam Bukhari in his authentic Hadith collection (Sahih) and based on three different chains of transmission Their names are: ‘Abdullah bin Mes’ud, Salim mevla Ebu Huzejfe, Mu’az bin Jebel, Ubej bin K’ab, Zejd bin Sabit, Ebu Zejd and Ebud-Derda’. In this paper we represented them right in this order bringing out some of the most interesting details from their lives we found available.
Articulation-acustical and orthographycal separated hamza features in arabic grammarians interpretation
Authors: Softić Mejra
Published: November 2023

Bearing in mind last efforts of Arabian linguists directed towards numerous studies and papers for the purpose of a more correct understanding of linguistic uniqueness of the hamza consonant, especially on phonetically- phonological and orthographical level of words, as well as disagreement among modern and classical grammarians concerning evaluating of its qualities on the above mentioned levels, hamza is at present considered to be a specific phenomenon of Arabian linguistics.
Despite the fact that the use of disconnecting hamza in the standard Arabian language is set by a norm, the key issues of disagreement among Arabian linguists which originate from the very founding of Arabian linguistics and last up to the present day are: precise defining of the articulatory place of this consonant, different understanding of its acoustic qualities, common elision from speech which questions its phonemic quality, different orthography conditioned by the type of a vowel of the preceding radical, as well as uncordinated suggestions about the introducing the same orthography in all three positions of a word.
Importance of communication for professionalism in education
Authors: Ajanović Dževdeta
Published: November 2023

Today, a teacher’s professional development is said to be a process that includes different experiences, that of a pupil, student, parent, other co-workers and teachers themselves. The term socialization is more often used. Its use in this context should broaden the meaning of the term teacher’s professional education to all processes and contexts in which it really happens. The term acculturation, meaning the process of assimilation into dominant culture of education, is also used.
For the last two decades, a new paradigm has been developed; a paradigm of understanding teaching profession and professional roles as well as changes of research into a teacher’s education.
Defining and developing the concept of a teacher’s successful professionalism starts from necessary interpersonal competence knowledge that is important especially in encouraging mutual cooperation regarding the advancement of educational process.
A great part of former researches as well as documents planning professional improvement of teachers in Bosnia and Herzegovina deal with these issues and there are certain attempts to find the answer.
Numerous studies have been published and the results of some of them will be mentioned in this paper.
Methods in logodidactics
Authors: Ništović Hazema
Published: November 2023

We learn how to speak as we learn anything else in our life. The possibility of occurrence of speech deformities that are difficult to correct is decreased when the development of speech is planned and done systemically. Even in preletter phase of study children should be trained to communicate fluently, correctly and nicely. Basic speech components of such communication are:
-voice suprasugmentals (sonority, voicelessness, pitch, height, timbre, volume)
- diction (articulation, accentuation, breathing, rhythm, tempo and pause)
- intonation (movement and duration of tone, pitch and volume, speech force, pitch and accent of speech).
Phonation is very important for correct and accurate pronunciation of a sound and its suprasegmentals. Every speech should have a purpose because without any purpose it would be inefficient. In order to achieve al that it is necessary to apply different methods when working with children (speech games, speech exercises and speech creativity).
Characteristics of connecting hamza-wasla interpretations at the morphological word
Authors: Softić Mejra
Published: November 2023

Connecting hamza-wasla is defined as a special type of a bound grammatical morpheme. Its primary function is conditioned by phonetically-phonological rules and is manifested through facilitating the pronunciation of a certain word when, to a certain extent, it has some function in formally-grammatical changes but not in the creating a new meaning.
General lack of its individual morphological interpretations results in identifying connecting hamza with disconnecting one. It further implicates its orthographic variation and misunderstanding.
Connecting hamza-wasla as an inflectional affix is a feature of certain types of verbs and their individual forms. For some nouns it is a formal compensation for elided third consonant, and its manifestation in definite article is also conditioned by the rules of Arabic syllable structure. Phonetic, and in some cases formal,elision of connecting hamza as a bound grammatical morpheme is specific in certain context, such as middle position.
The role of school in preventing adolescent delinquency
Authors: Buljubašić Suada
Published: November 2023

Adolescent delinquency is an increasing problem in all societies. The United Nations recognized this problem as an emergency and in order to prevent this phenomenon they adopted Guidelines for Preventing Adolescent Delinquency in 1990, better known as Rijjad Guidelines. The Guidelines consist of measures for primary, secondary and tertiary prevention and they define subjects and activities important for realizing successful prevention. All segments of a society must be involved in preventing this socially-pathological problem. The role of school is particularly important because children and the youth spend a lot of time at school. School is increasingly important in the after-war period because a certain number of parents, due to different difficulties, are not able to pay enough attention to the upbringing of their children. High school with different services and experts is very important in terms of secondary and tertiary prevention of adolescent delinquency.
Key words: adolescent delinquency, prevention, school, preventive programs
The game of virtual identities
Authors: Kozlić Spahija
Published: November 2023

One of the valid definitions of bio-ethics as integrating biological knowledge with ¨the knowledge about human value systems¨(Van Rensselaer Potter) necessarily refers to a great task confronting this recent science.
Accordingly, reflections upon a man-Internet relation seen as a new community and net-ethics meaning searching for ¨conscience¨ of virtual world, bring us to a cyber-sphere, the fourth dimension of the space.
Acting in this on-line space imposes a redefining the notion of an identity, communication, social group and culture.
Key words: net-ethics, bio-ethics, virtual community, cyber-space.
Through the prism of linguistic sign
Authors: Pehlić Amina
Published: November 2023

This paper shortly presents some observations on a sign in general in order to, through Saussure’s definition of linguistic sign as a synthesis of signifiant and signifié, draw attention to the importance of language, and recognize semiotic nature of some Qur’an ayats.
Ideas and aconstic images like the units of linguistic sign are inseparable. Their relationship is automatic for they require each other. The processes af relating ideas and aconstic images and realting signs are the processes of thinking Language and mind form a unity.
Some Qur’an verses can be related to the issues of sign. In those verses it is said tha Adem, s.a.w.a, was taught the names of things. After he had learned the names, he could relate ideas and aconstic images. That way he could identify and use them in the processes of thinking.
Key words: sign, linguistic sign, notion, acoustic presentation, thinking
TECNOLOGIA E EDUCAÇÃO: IMPORTÂNCIA NA ATUALIDADE E SEUS DESAFIOS
Authors: Santos Maria Rosélia Cavalcante dos , Silva Simone Suelayne Santos , Santos Maria Pricila Miranda dos
Published: November 2023

A tecnologia desempenha, cada vez mais, um papel de grande importância na educação. Atualmente, oferecendo inúmeras oportunidades cada vez mais inovadoras com o objetivo de contribuir para o processo de aprendizagem. No mundo de hoje, a informação é cada vez mais acessível e dinâmica, o uso da tecnologia, permite tanto aos professores, como aos alunos acesso a inúmeros recursos digitais, estimulando a pesquisa de maneira independente. O uso da tecnologia na educação promove a interação e a colaboração entre alunos e professores, permitindo a comunicação instantânea e o compartilhamento de conhecimento, através de aplicativos educacionais e ferramentas interativas que criam um ambiente de aprendizagem dinâmico e envolvente, adaptado às necessidades individuais dos alunos. Existem desafios com a falta de acesso igualitário à internet e dispositivos tecnológicos podem vir a criar uma disparidade educacional entre os estudantes, também a capacitação dos professores para utilizar efetivamente as tecnologias é essencial, mas muitas vezes é inadequada. É muito importante a segurança online e a privacidade dos dados dos alunos, para garantir um ambiente educacional seguro e protegido. Este artigo tem como objetivo explorar a importância da utilização da tecnologia na educação no momento atual e os desafios enfrentados na busca por uma implementação de qualidade nas escolas. No intuito de um maior aprofundamento sobre esse tema, foram realizadas duas entrevistas com educadoras em busca de conhecimentos sobre a visão das mesmas sobre o uso da tecnologia na educação, além do embasamento teórico, com alguns autores que já pesquisaram sobre o tema. Na educação atualmente, é importante proporcionar oportunidades inovadoras para um aprendizado significativo, buscando superar os desafios relacionados ao acesso, à formação dos professores e à segurança para garantir que todos os alunos possam se beneficiar das vantagens oferecidas pela integração da tecnologia na sala de aula.
Summertime response of ozone and fine particulate matter to mixing layer meteorology over the North China Plain
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Gao Jian , Che Fei , Yang Xin , Yang Yuanqin , Liu Lei , Xiang Yan , Li Haisheng
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Measurements of surface ozone (O3), PM2.5 and its major secondary components (SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, and organic carbon (OC)), mixing layer height (MLH), and other meteorological parameters were made in the North China Plain (NCP) during the warm season (June–July) in 2021. The observation results showed that the summertime regional maximum daily 8 h average ozone (MDA8 O3) initially increased and reached the maximum value (195.88 µg m−3) when the MLH ranged from approximately 900 to 1800 m, after which the concentration of O3 decreased with further increase in MLH. Interestingly, synchronous increases in PM2.5 concentration along with the development of the mixing layer (MLH <1200 m) were observed, and the positive response of PM2.5 to MLH was significantly associated with the increase in SO42- and OC. It was found that this increasing trend of PM2.5 with elevated MLH was driven not only by the wet deposition process but also by the enhanced secondary chemical formation, which was related to appropriate meteorological conditions (50 % < RH <70 %) and increased availability of atmospheric oxidants. Air temperature played a minor role in the change characteristics of PM2.5 concentration, but it greatly controlled the different change characteristics of SO42- and NO3-. The concentrations of PM2.5, its major secondary components, and the oxidation ratios of sulfate (SOR) and nitrate (NOR) increased synchronously with elevated MDA8 O3 concentrations, and the initial increase in PM2.5 along with increased MLH corresponded well with that of MDA8 O3. We highlight that the correlation between MLH and secondary air pollutants should be treated with care in hot weather, and the superposition-composite effects of PM2.5 and O3 along with the evolution of mixing layer should be considered when developing PM2.5–O3 coordinated control strategies.
The Role of Gravity Waves in the Mesosphere Inversion Layers (MILs) over low-latitude (3–15° N) Using SABER Satellite Observations
Authors: Lingerew Chalachew , Raju Jaya Prakash
Published: November 2023

Abstract. The Mesosphere transitional region over low latitude is a distinct and highly turbulent zone of the atmosphere. A transition MLT region is connected with dynamic processes, particularly gravity waves, as a causative of an inversion phenomenon. MLT inversions have been the subject of numerous investigations, but their formation mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this article, an attempt has been made to investigate the upper and lower inversion phenomena and their causative mechanisms using long-term SABER observations in the height range of 60–100 km during the period of 2005–2020 over a low-latitude region (3–15° N). The results indicate that the frequency of occurrence rate for the upper inversion is below 40 %, whereas for the lower inversion, it is below 20 %, indicating that the upper inversion is dominant over the lower inversion. The upper inversion exists in the height range of 78–91 km with an inversion amplitude of ~20–80 k and a thickness of ~3–12 km, whereas the lower inversion is confined in the height range of 70–80 km with an inversion amplitude of ~10–60 k and a thickness of ~4–10 km. The gravity wave indicator potential energy depicts high energy (below 100 J/kg) in the upper MLT region (90 and 85 km) compared to the lower MLT region (75 and 70 km) with less than 50 J/kg. The stability criteria from Brunt-Vaisala frequency (N2) indicate instability in the upper MLT region (90 and 85 km) with very low values relative to the lower MLT region (75 and 70 km), which supports the higher frequency of upper inversion compared to lower inversion. This result leads us to the conclusion that a high amount of gravity wave potential energy is a consequence of the high instability in the upper inversion relative to the lower inversion.
The role of atmospheric CO2 in controlling patterns of sea surface temperature change during the Pliocene
Authors: Burton Lauren E. , Haywood Alan M. , Tindall Julia C. , Dolan Aisling M. , Hill Daniel J. , McClymont Erin L. , Ho Sze Ling , Ford Heather L.
Published: November 2023

Abstract. We present the role of CO2 forcing in controlling patterns of Late Pliocene sea surface temperature (SST) using seven models from Phase 2 of the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP2) and palaeoclimate proxy data from the PlioVAR working group. At a global scale, SST change in the Late Pliocene relative to the pre-industrial is predominantly driven by CO2 forcing in the low and mid-latitudes and non-CO2 forcing in the high latitudes. We find that CO2 is the dominant driver of SST change at the vast majority of proxy data sites assessed (17 out of 19), but the relative dominance of this forcing varies between all proxy sites, with CO2 forcing accounting for between 27 % and 82 % of the total change seen. The dearth of proxy data sites in the high latitudes means that only two sites assessed here are predominantly forced by non-CO2 forcing (such as changes to ice sheets and orography), both of which are in the North Atlantic Ocean. We extend the analysis to show the seasonal patterns of SST change and its drivers at a global scale and at a site-specific level for three chosen proxy data sites. We also present a new estimate of Late Pliocene climate sensitivity using site-specific proxy data values. This is the first assessment of site-specific drivers of SST change in the Late Pliocene and highlights the strengths of using palaeoclimate proxy data alongside model outputs to further develop our understanding of the Late Pliocene. We use the best-available proxy and model data, but the sample sizes remain limited and the confidence in our results would be improved with greater data availability.
The Chalmers Cloud Ice Climatology: Retrieval implementation and validation
Authors: Amell Adrià , Pfreundschuh Simon , Eriksson Patrick
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Ice clouds are a crucial component of the Earth's weather system, and their representation remains a principal challenge for current weather and climate models. Several past and future satellite missions were explicitly designed to provide observations offering new insights into cloud processes, but these specialized cloud sensors are limited in their spatial and temporal coverage. Geostationary satellites have been observing clouds for several decades and can ideally complement the sparse measurements from specialized cloud sensors. However, the geostationary observations that are continuously and globally available over the full observation record are restricted to a small number of wavelengths, which limits the information they can provide on clouds. The Chalmers Cloud Ice Climatology (CCIC) addresses this challenge by applying novel machine-learning techniques to retrieve ice cloud properties from globally gridded, single-channel geostationary observations that are readily available from 1980 onwards. CCIC aims to offer a novel perspective on the record of geostationary IR observations by providing spatially and temporally continuous retrievals of the vertically-integrated and vertically-resolved concentrations of frozen hydrometeors, typically referred to as ice water path (IWP) and ice water content (IWC). In addition to that, CCIC provides 2D and 3D cloud masks and a 3D cloud classification. A fully convolutional quantile regression neural network constitutes the core of the CCIC retrieval, providing probabilistic estimates of IWP and IWC. The network is trained against CloudSat retrievals using 3.5 years of global collocations. Assessment of the retrieval accuracy on a held-out test set demonstrates considerable skill in reproducing the reference IWP and IWC estimates. In addition, CCIC is extensively validated against both in-situ and remote sensing measurements from two flight campaigns and a ground-based radar. The results of this independent validation confirm the ability of CCIC to retrieve IWP and, to first order, even IWC. CCIC thus ideally complements temporally and spatially more limited measurements from dedicated cloud sensors by providing spatially and temporally continuous estimates of ice cloud properties. The CCIC network and its associated software are made accessible to the scientific community.
In-flight characterization of a compact airborne quantum cascade laser absorption spectrometer
Authors: Ort Linda , Röder Lenard Lukas , Parchatka Uwe , Königstedt Rainer , Crowley Daniel , Kunz Frank , Wittkowski Ralf , Lelieveld Jos , Fischer Horst
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Here, we report the development of a new Quantum cascade Laser infrared Absorption Spectroscopy (QLAS) instrument, the Airborne Tropospheric Tracer In-situ Laser Absorption spectrometer (ATTILA), for atmospheric trace gas measurements on board of the German High-Altitude Long-range Observatory (HALO) aircraft. Its small and light design makes it suitable for airborne measurements up to approximately 150 hPa of ambient pressure (13–14 km). The dual laser instrument can measure several trace gases simultaneously in two 36.4-m-path astigmatic Herriott cells with a data acquisition frequency of 1 Hz. We describe the measurement method and the data acquisition of ATTILA and its in-flight performance by focusing on potential sources of influences on the signal, which we investigated with a dedicated test flight during which the instrument sampled from a constant source. We show that linear critical influences associated with challenging movement patterns can be corrected afterwards, while non-linear limitations can be minimized by appropriate calibration frequencies and integrated time intervals. During the recent aircraft campaign CAFE-Brazil (Chemistry of the Atmosphere Field Experiment in Brazil) from December 2022 to January 2023, carbon monoxide (CO) measurements from ATTILA show a good agreement of a R2 of 0.89 with simultaneous CO measurements from an established IR spectrometer for airborne measurements, the TRacer In-Situ Tdlas for Atmospheric Research (TRISTAR), on a 10 s time resolution. First dynamical characteristics and tracer distributions of CO and methane (CH4) over the Amazon rainforest can be identified with ATTILA measurements with a total measurement uncertainty of 10.1 % and 17.5 % and a data accuracy of 0.3 % and 5.5 % for a data acquisition frequency of 1 Hz for CO and CH4, respectively.
AvaFrame com1DFA (v1.3): a thickness-integrated computational avalanche module – theory, numerics, and testing
Authors: Tonnel Matthias , Wirbel Anna , Oesterle Felix , Fischer Jan-Thomas
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Simulation tools are important to investigate and predict mobility and the destructive potential of gravitational mass flows (e.g., snow avalanches). AvaFrame – the open avalanche framework – offers well-established computational modeling approaches, tools for data handling and analysis, and ready-to-use modules for evaluation and testing. This paper presents the theoretical background, derivation, and model verification for one of AvaFrame's core modules, the thickness-integrated computational model for avalanches with flow or mixed form of movement, named com1DFA. Particular emphasis within the description of the utilized numerical particle–grid method is given to the computation of spatial gradients and the accurate implementation of driving and resisting forces. The implemented method allows us to provide a time–space criterion connecting the numerical particles, grid, and time discretization. The convergence and robustness of the numerical implementation is checked with respect to the spatiotemporal evolution of the flow variables using tests with a known analytical solution. In addition, we present a new test for verifying the accuracy of the numerical simulation in terms of runout (angle and distance). This test is derived from the total energy balance along the center-of-mass path of the avalanche. This article, particularly in combination with the code availability (open-source code repository) and detailed online documentation provides a description of an extendable framework for modeling and verification of avalanche simulation tools.
Rapid spatio-temporal flood modelling via hydraulics-based graph neural networks
Authors: Bentivoglio Roberto , Isufi Elvin , Jonkman Sebastiaan Nicolas , Taormina Riccardo
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Numerical modelling is a reliable tool for flood simulations, but accurate solutions are computationally expensive. In recent years, researchers have explored data-driven methodologies based on neural networks to overcome this limitation. However, most models are only used for a specific case study and disregard the dynamic evolution of the flood wave. This limits their generalizability to topographies that the model was not trained on and in time-dependent applications. In this paper, we introduce shallow water equation–graph neural network (SWE–GNN), a hydraulics-inspired surrogate model based on GNNs that can be used for rapid spatio-temporal flood modelling. The model exploits the analogy between finite-volume methods used to solve SWEs and GNNs. For a computational mesh, we create a graph by considering finite-volume cells as nodes and adjacent cells as being connected by edges. The inputs are determined by the topographical properties of the domain and the initial hydraulic conditions. The GNN then determines how fluxes are exchanged between cells via a learned local function. We overcome the time-step constraints by stacking multiple GNN layers, which expand the considered space instead of increasing the time resolution. We also propose a multi-step-ahead loss function along with a curriculum learning strategy to improve the stability and performance. We validate this approach using a dataset of two-dimensional dike breach flood simulations in randomly generated digital elevation models generated with a high-fidelity numerical solver. The SWE–GNN model predicts the spatio-temporal evolution of the flood for unseen topographies with mean average errors in time of 0.04 m for water depths and 0.004 m2 s−1 for unit discharges. Moreover, it generalizes well to unseen breach locations, bigger domains, and longer periods of time compared to those of the training set, outperforming other deep-learning models. On top of this, SWE–GNN has a computational speed-up of up to 2 orders of magnitude faster than the numerical solver. Our framework opens the doors to a new approach to replace numerical solvers in time-sensitive applications with spatially dependent uncertainties.
Wake characteristics of a balloon wind turbine and aerodynamic analysis of its balloon using a large eddy simulation and actuator disk model
Authors: Ehteshami Aref , Varmazyar Mostafa
Published: November 2023

Abstract. In the realm of novel technologies for generating electricity from renewable resources, an emerging category of wind energy converters called airborne wind energy systems (AWESs) has gained prominence. These pioneering systems employ tethered wings or aircraft that operate at higher atmospheric layers, enabling them to harness wind speeds surpassing conventional wind turbines' capabilities. The balloon wind turbine is one type of AWESs that utilizes the buoyancy effect to elevate the turbine to altitudes typically ranging from 400 to 1000 m. In this paper, the wake characteristics and aerodynamics of a balloon wind turbine were numerically investigated for different wind scenarios. Large eddy simulation, along with the actuator disk model, was employed to predict the wake behavior of the turbine. To improve the accuracy of the simulation results, a structured grid was generated and refined by using an algorithm to resolve about 80 % of the local turbulent kinetic energy in the wake. Results contributed to designing an optimized layout of wind farms and stability analysis of such systems. The capabilities of the hybrid large eddy simulation and actuator disk model (LES–ADM) when using the mesh generation algorithm were evaluated against the experimental data on a smaller wind turbine. The assessment revealed a good agreement between numerical and experimental results. While a weakened rotor wake was observed at the distance of 22.5 diameters downstream of the balloon turbine, the balloon wake disappeared at about 0.6 of that distance in all the wind scenarios. Vortices generated by the rotor and balloon started to merge at the tilt angle of 10∘, which intensified the turbulence intensity at 10 diameters downstream of the turbine for the wind speeds of 7 and 10 m s−1. By increasing the tilt angle, the lift force on the wings experienced a sharper increase with respect to that of the whole balloon, which signified a controlling system requirement for balancing such an extra lift force.