bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data mining for scholarly information networks
Authors: Χατζόπουλος Σεραφείμ
Published: July 2022

Χάρη στα πρόσφατα κινήματα "Ανοιχτής Επιστήμης'' αυξάνεται συνεχώς ο όγκος των βιβλιογραφικών δεδομένων (για παράδειγμα, επιστημονικές δημοσιεύσεις, συγγραφείς, επιστημονικά συνέδρια, περιοδικά κλπ) που γίνεται πλέον ανοιχτά διαθέσιμος.Η αναπαράσταση των δεδομένων αυτών, με δομημένο τρόπο, με τη μορφή βιβλιογραφικών δικτύων πληροφορίας, έχει ανοίξει νέους ορίζοντες για σύνθετες και σημασιολογικά πλούσιες τεχνικές εξόρυξης και ανάλυσής τους, οι οποίες είναι δυνητικά χρήσιμες σε πολλές πρακτικές εφαρμογές. Για τον σκοπό αυτό, εκμεταλλευόμαστε τεχνικές εξόρυξης δεδομένων, που στοχεύουν στην ανάδειξη λανθανουσών πληροφοριών και συσχετίσεων που κωδικοποιούνται στη δομή των βιβλιογραφικών δικτύων πληροφορίας, εστιάζοντας σε τρεις κύριες κατευθύνσεις: (i) στην εκτίμηση της απήχησης των ερευνητικών δημοσιεύσεων, (ii) στην αναζήτηση "ειδικών'' στον ακαδημαϊκό χώρο, και (iii) στην αποδοτική αποτίμηση ερωτημάτων που αποτελούν αναπόσπαστο κομμάτι της ανάλυσης των ανωτέρω δικτύων. Προς αυτή την κατεύθυνση, εισαγάγουμε μεθόδους που εστιάζουν σε προβλήματα εντός των προαναφερθεισών κατευθύνσεων, με σκοπό να προταθούν εξελίξεις στην αιχμή της έρευνας. Τα αποτελέσματά μας αναδεικνύουν την αποδοτικότητα και αποτελεσματικότητα των μεθόδων μας, υπογραμμίζοντας ότι η εκμετάλλευση λανθάνουσας πληροφορίας από βιβλιογραφικά δίκτυα πληροφορίας μπορεί να φανεί πολύτιμη σε διάφορα προβλήματα και εφραρμογές του χώρου.
Internet addiction among psychology students: the role of resilience and perceived economic hardship
Authors: Touloupis Thanos , Athanasiades Christina
Published: July 2022

The present study aimed to investigate internet addiction among psychology students, as well as the role of resilience and perceived economic hardship in the manifestation of the phenomenon. The study involved 252 students (233 women, 19 men) of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. They completed a self-report questionnaire, which included a short version of a scale on resilience (The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale - CD-RISC), a scale on perceived economic hardship (Economic Hardship Questionnaire), and a scale on Internet Addiction (Internet Addiction Test). The results showed that students of Psychology, regardless of their academic year, make above-average/normal and excessive/addictive internet use displaying indicative behaviors (e.g., uncontrollable internet use, neglect of social life). Furthermore, based on the path analysis models, it seemed that students’ resilience is a negative predictor of above-average/normal and excessive/addictive internet use (and their indicative behaviors). An indirect positive predictive relationship was also found between students’ perceived economic hardship and their above-average/normal and excessive/addictive internet use (and their indicative behaviors) through their sense of resilience. The findings emphasize the need to implement preventive counselling actions within university campuses to engender a safe internet culture among students and strengthen their sense of resilience, especially in a period of recovery from economic crisis.
The genomic and clinical features of the COVID-19 Omicron variant: a narrative review
Authors: Hertanto Decsa Medika , Sutanto Henry , Lusida Maria Inge , Kuntaman Kuntaman , Santoso Djoko
Published: July 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Since late November 2021, the Omicron variant has emerged as the primary cause of COVID-19 and caused a huge increase in the reported incidence around the world. To date, 32-34 spike mutations have been reported to be present in the Omicron variant, 15 of which were located in the receptor-binding domain that interacts with the cell surface of the host cells, while the rest were located in the N-terminal domain and around the furin cleavage site. Recent studies have suggested that those mutations could have a major role in the transmissibility and pathogenicity of the Omicron variant. Additionally, some mutations might contribute to the change of viral tropism of this novel variant. Here, we aim to discuss the recent reports on the transmissibility and severity of the Omicron variant from both the genetic and clinical perspectives. Afterward, we also take the chance to deliver our personal view on the topic.
Case Report: Bilateral peritonsillar abscess with complications of upper airway obstruction
Authors: Perdana Rizka Fathoni , Rosalina Elsa
Published: July 2022

Background: Peritonsillar abscess is a collection of pus between the tonsillar fibrous capsule and the pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Unilateral peritonsillar abscess is a common complication of acute tonsillitis, whereas bilateral peritonsillar abscess is rare. The incidence of bilateral peritonsillar abscess remains unknown but is estimated to be 4.9% of all peritonsillar abscess cases.

Case report: A 20-year-old man came to the emergency room with bilateral peritonsillar abscess and complained of shortness of breath for two weeks. Physical examination showed muffled voice, 82% oxygen saturation, and inspiratory stridor. The isthmus faucium was narrow, with approximately 30% remaining. Peritonsillar puncture revealed pus mixed with blood. The treatment for this patient included bilateral peritonsillar incision and drainage and intravenous antibiotics of levofloxacin and metronidazole. The patient came to the Ear, Nose, Throat, Head, and Neck (ENTHN) Outpatient Unit eight days after the procedure for a control checkup and was in good condition.

Conclusion: We have reported a bilateral peritonsillar abscess with complications of upper airway obstruction, in which we performed incision and drainage. Prompt and appropriate management is needed to avoid unwanted morbidity and mortality.
Measurement of speech in individuals with selective mutism: A systematic review
Authors: Toma Yuria , Matsuda Soichiro
Published: July 2022

Background: The main characteristic of selective mutism (SM) is the failure to speak in specific social situations. Thus, assessing speech across social contexts is important for confirming a diagnosis of SM and for differentiating it from other disorders. The purpose of this review was to organize how the core symptom of SM, a lack of speech in specific social situations, has been assessed in previous studies.

Methods: A systematic search of articles was conducted in three databases, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and PubMed and reviews of surveys or experimental studies that reported empirical data on individuals with SM were performed. We excluded review, qualitative, epidemiological, and intervention studies. The study summarized the diagnostic criteria, methods of confirming SM diagnosis, distinction of SM from other disorders, and methods of speech assessment.

Results: A total of 447 articles were screened, where 60 articles were considered eligible. The results demonstrate that different interviews and questionnaires were used to establish the diagnosis of SM. However, the majority of interviews and questionnaires lacked validation. Only two (2/60) articles used validated methods of speech assessment to confirm SM diagnosis. Moreover, a consensus was lacking on the assessment method for differentiating SM from other disorders across studies. Specifically, 17 studies measured speech and are not intended for diagnosis. The majority of studies (16/17) used the questionnaire to assess the severity of the SM condition, and only one study conducted behavioral observation. Assessment methods based on the measurement of speech in real-life situations for individuals with SM were not established.

Conclusion: We have the limitation that we did not review intervention studies. However, this systematic review revealed the problem that speech assessment methods for surveys or experimental studies of SM were not established. Future studies should establish methods of speech assessment across social situations to assess SM symptoms.
Case Report: A case of stiff skin syndrome from a rural tertiary hospital in Eastern Cape
Authors: Mankahla Avumile , Ndabeni-Yako Vuyokazi , Atiba Bamidele Paul , Ndongeni Salathiso , Oladimeji Olanrewaju
Published: July 2022

We present a case report of a four-year-old girl with stiff skin syndrome associated with bone involvement at the femoral head. She presented with thickness of the skin of the trunk and limbs, noted from the age of one year. This was associated with hypertrichosis and reduced joint mobility of the left lower extremity. The patient received physiotherapeutic treatments and underwent orthopedic examinations. A diagnosis of stiff skin syndrome should be considered in infants and children with thick skin, particularly if there is associated hypertrichosis. Important differentials to rule out include generalized morphea and systemic sclerosis. In this piece, we share insight on how a young girl with stiff skin syndrome associated with bone involvement at the femoral head presented and was managed in a rural tertiary health facility despite resource constraints.
Understanding floral biology for CRISPR-based modification of color and fragrance in horticultural plants
Authors: Khan Zulqurnain , Razzaq Asim , Sattar Tahmina , Ahmed Aftab , Habibullah Khan Sultan , Zubair Ghouri Muhammad
Published: July 2022

The global market of a total 42.4 billion US dollars of ornamental plants owes its worth to the color and fragrance associated with these plants. A lot of work has been done to understand the physiological, biochemical, genetic, and environmental factors responsible for the development of color and fragrance in flowers. The aim of these studies about the floral biology was to achieve the desired characters by manipulating all these factors to fulfill the changing demand of the global market. While, modifying flower color and fragrance, scientists moved from the traditional breeding methods to the comparatively modern genetic engineering techniques, yet limitations in results always remained a big issue for researchers. However, genome editing tools look promising to achieve the desired level of efficiency to modify the color and fragrance in the flowers. This review gives insight into the significance of floral characters, molecular factors responsible for these characters and applications of modern genome editing technologies for desirable modification.
Effects of different concentrations of reversine to enhance conversion of dedifferentiated fat cells into mature cardiomyocytes
Authors: Dharmadjati Budi Baktijasa , Sargowo Djanggan , . Aulanni’am , Pikir Budi Susetyo , Oktaviono Yudi Her , Sativa Oryza , Arjani Kandita , Nugraha Ricardo Adrian
Published: July 2022

Background: There is an essential need for cardiomyocyte regeneration among patients with heart failure. Transplantation of dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells may lead to an improvement of cardiomyocyte regeneration among heart failure patients. We believe that DFAT cells are promising candidate cell sources for cardiac regeneration. However, the pathway underlying how DFAT cells of the adipose lineage differentiate into mature cardiomyocytes isn’t fully understood.

Methods: We conducted an experimental laboratory study on isolated DFAT cells from adipose tissue of healthy adults. Then, we treated cells with different concentrations of reversine (10, 20 and 40 nM), and performed RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. Next, we used a ceiling culture method based on the buoyancy properties of mature lipid-filled adipocytes. Stemness expression (Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 [Oct4], brachyury, Fetal liver kinase 1 [Flk-1]) was quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q)PCR, while cardiomyocyte expression (Transcription factor GATA-4 [GATA4] and cardiac troponin T [cTnT]) was quantified by immunocytochemistry.

Results: ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc found that 10 nM reversine increased greater Flk-1 expression compared to the control group (MD: 5.037 + 0.998; p < 0.001), but there were no significant changes among Oct4 (MD: 0.013 + 1.244; p = 0.99) and brachyury expression (MD: 0.157 + 0.084; p = 0.252). Kruskal-Wallis revealed that the expression of GATA4 (1.65 [0.41-1.98] to 0.015 [0.007-0.034]; p = 0.017) reduced significantly from day 7 until day 21 and cTnT (5.07 [6.62-8.91] to 8.22 [6.81-9.40]; p = 0.001) increased significantly from day 7 until day 21.

Conclusions: Reversine could increase the expression of Flk-1, but it was unable to stimulate the expression of Oct4 and brachyury related to stem cell-ness. An optimal concentration of 10 nM reversine may have the greatest effect on enhancing the differentiation of DFAT cells into mature cardiomyocytes, as indicated by higher cTnT expression between cells.
Five future concerns for women’s health
Authors: Harman Sophie
Published: July 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought the world’s attention to the gendered impacts of health emergencies of women. This offers a critical opportunity to advance our understanding of the gendered impacts of healthcare and to improve health outcomes for women around the world. However, to do so we need to be mindful of five future challenges: 1. the continued impact of COVID-19; 2. attacks on women’s health and the need for gender equality; 3. understanding women’s health needs everyday, not just during emergencies; 4. not seeing female leadership as a quick fix; and 5. holding global institutions to account.
The burden of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations among Vietnamese women and their associated factors: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tran Phuc Thai , Tran Duc Quang , Vu Chi Thi Quynh , Phan Quang Ngoc , Nguyen Anh Thi Thu
Published: July 2022

Background: BReast CAncer gene (BRCA)1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers are frequently provided genetic counselling. A precise estimation of the prevalence of BRCA gene mutations is essential to provide an appropriate risk prediction. However, the data in Vietnam is ambiguous and include unreliable risk factors from individual studies. Hence, the objective of this protocol is to provide a method to synthesize evidence pertaining to the proportion of BRCA mutations among Vietnamese women and their risk factors for cancer.

Methods: PRISMA-P was followed in developing and reporting this protocol. From the databases' inception until June 2023, a comprehensive search will be undertaken in electronic PubMed and Scopus databases. In two stages, title/abstract screening and full-text screening, two independent authors will assess all retrieved articles for inclusion. This review includes papers providing the relevant results reflecting the prevalence of BRCA gene mutations in Vietnamese women who are at least 18 years old with or without cancer. Predefined selection criteria will be used to establish each publication's eligibility. Using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias tools, the quality of included studies will be assessed, and overall evidence quality will be appraised using the GRADE approach. All pertinent data from the included articles will be entered into an Excel spreadsheet for meta-analysis, which will be imported into Rstudio. Meta-analyses using random effects will be used to obtain the pooled percentages. The chi-squared test and I2 parameter will be used to evaluate heterogeneity. Publication bias will be investigated visually using funnel plots for asymmetry and Egger's statistical tests.

Conclusions: Based on the prevalence of BRCA muations and its associated comprehensive and specific risk factors, we hope our findings will provide a reference for future strategies to build an effective treatment plan and manage the risk of cancer development.

Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42022340152; 30 June 2022).
HOPE
Authors: Vázquez Jiménez Elena
Published: July 2022

Esta obra gráfica de carácter colectivo recoge 49 aportaciones elaboradas por alumnos del Grado en Conservación y Restauración de Bienes Culturales de la Universidad de Sevilla en las que se describe gráficamente y a través de un cómic el protocolo que debe seguirse en las intervenciones de restauración en pintura de caballete de acuerdo con sus singulares características materiales y técnicas. La palabra que define el título de la publicación, "Hope", enlaza la situación sanitaria que hemos atravesado recientemente con la intervención de una de esas pinturas; así, el discurso se articula en una particular historia en la que un personaje queda confinado en el aula de Intervención en Pintura de la Facultad de Bellas Artes. A partir de ese momento, se despierta en él un interés por conservar una obra deteriorada. Esta iniciativa ha supuesto un reto para los estudiantes del grado al realizar un pequeño "guiño" a la intervención de bienes culturales mediante una interpretación artística y personal de los tratamientos y criterios de conservación y restauración.
PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH TERPADU DI SUMBERAGUNG JETIS BANTUL DIY
Authors: Wijayanti Nor , Romas Arina Nuraliza
Published: July 2022

Latar Belakang: Sampah telah menjadi permasalahan nasional sehingga mengelolaannya perlu dilakukan secara komprehensif dan terpadu dari hulu ke hilir agar memberikan manfaat secara ekonomi, sehat bagi masyarakat dan aman bagi lingkungan serta dapat mengubah perilaku masyarakat.. Permasalahan yang terjadi di Sumberagung Jetis Bantul, berdasarkan informasi dari pengelola sampah, diperoleh hasil bahwa antusias dari masyarakat mengenai pengelolaan sampah tergolong rendah yaitu sekitar 30%, masyarakat tidak turut berpartisipasi dalam pemilahan sampah dan pendaur ulangan sampah.Tujuan:untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi, komunikasi, kooperasi dan mobilisasi terhadap partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah terpadu di Sumberagung, Jetis, Bantul, DIY.Metode:Desain penelitian ini adalah desain studi korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel sebanyak 59 masyarakat di Sumberagung Jetis Bantul dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi linear berganda.HasilÂ Â Â  :Terdapat pengaruh secara parsial antara komunikasi terhadap partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah terpadu yaitu nilai Ï = 0,021 < Î± = 0,05 dan terdapat pengaruh secara stimultan antara motivasi, komunikasi, kooperasi dan mobilisasi terhadap partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah terpadu yaitu nilai Ï = 0,000< Î± = 0,05.Kesimpulan: Ada pengaruh secara parsial antara komunikasi terhadap partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah terpadu dan ada pengaruh secara stimultan antara motivasi, komunikasi, kooperasi dan mobilisasi terhadap partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah terpadu.Â Kata Kunci: Motivasi, Komunikasi, Kooperasi, Mobilisasi, Partisipasi Pengelolaan Sampah, Masyarakat
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN BEBERAPA MEREK CAIRAN PENCUCI TERHADAP PENURUNAN JUMLAH ANGKA KUMAN PIRING
Authors: Adelia Adelia , Tri Sukesi Wahyuni
Published: July 2022

abstracâ€” Washing the cutlery is one of most simple and common ways to maintain the cleanliness of cutlery in order to fulfill the requirements about the number of germs that is 0 (zero) from the cutlery surface. Dishwashing liquid is a necessary product in the washing process. Dishwashing liquid in the market consists of a various brands, which causes the household to use different dishwashing liquid products. This study aims to determine effectiveness of using several brands diswashing liquids against decreaseÂ  the number of germ on plate.This research type is a quasi experiment with pretest-posttest with control group design. The subjects of this research is the number of germ and the object is plate with treatment of A, B, C, D and E brand dishwashing liquid with three replications. Analisys data use paired sample t-test and kruskall wallis non parametric test.The result of bivariate analysis with paired sample t-test showed there was difference of germs number before and after treatment with A, B and C dishwashing liquid (p <0,05) and there was no difference of germs number before and after treatment with D, E dishwashing liquid and control group (p> 0.05) statistically. The result of kruskal wallis test showed that there was no significant difference against decrease the germs number on plate by using some brands of dishwashing liquid with p value = 0,506.The conclusion of this research is no significant difference against decrease the number of germs on plate by using several brands of dishwashing liquid. There is need to do further research of washing process by adding desinfection process.Â
ANALISIS RIWAYAT BERAT BADAN LAHIR RENDAH (BBLR) DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN ANAK USIA BALITA: SISTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Wibiyani Artiyan Agi , Gustina Erni
Published: July 2022

The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) is 15% of all births in the world and mostly occurs in developing countries. Based on statistical analysis shows that 90% of LBW events occur in developing countries and the mortality rate reaches 35 times compared to babies born with normal weight. Long-term problems that can occur in children who have a history of LBW include growth and development. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between a history of LBW and the development of children under five. Systematic literature review was used in this study. The search strategy used 2 electronic databases, namely PubMed and Google Scholar and followed the PRISMA (Prefferes Reporting Items For Systematic Review And Meta Analyses) protocol, with a publication period of 2011-2020. There were 18 articles that matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the study of research articles found that there was a relationship between a history of LBW and the development of children under five. The paper discusses development that includes gross motor, fine motor, speech and language development, as well as social and independent development. Based on the article review, besides being caused by low birth weight, development can also be influenced by several other factors including parental stimulation, nutrition, and the sex of the child. Children with a history of LBW are at greater risk of experiencing slower growth and development than infants with normal weight. The impact is the failure to grow and develop according to age. Families with babies who have a history of LBW are expected to always provide more optimal health efforts by utilizing health service facilities so that children can grow and develop properly.Abstrak dibuat maksimal terdiri dari 200 kata, meliputi tujuan, metode, hasil, pembahasan dan kesimpulan dilakukannya penelitian. Abstrak tidak boleh berisi tabel/gambar, tidak perlu mencantumkan sitasi.  Hindari singkatan seminimal mungkin. (font: Times New Roman 10, cetak normal, posisi rata kanan kiri, bahasa latin dengan cetak miring, berbahasa Inggris).
ANALISIS FAKTOR RISIKO PELAKSANAAN PEMBERANTASAN SARANG NYAMUK DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (PSN-DBD) SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI WILAYAH DESA CATURTUNGGAL DEPOK SLEMAN
Authors: Sukesi Tri Wahyuni , Ambarwati Vicky Dita
Published: July 2022

DHF is still a health problem in the Special Region of Yogyakarta as evidenced by an increase in the CFR rate in 2019 by 0.2%, increasing to 0.4% in 2020. The incidence rate of DHF in Sleman Regency in 2019 was 67.97%. This figure still exceeds the indicators for the strategic plan of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic since 2019 has also demanded the government and the public to be able to adapt to the new-normal as it is today, especially with regulations restricting activities outside the home to break the chain of transmission of COVID-19. During a pandemic like today, apart from the high number of COVID-19 cases, the government is still faced with other health problems, namely the high number of dengue case. The type of research  used in this research is quantitative method using a cross sectional research design. The results of the study explained that there was no relationship between knowledge and behavior of PSN-DHF during the COVID-19 pandemic in Santren Hamlet, Caturtunggal Village, Depok Sleman with a p value of 1,000 (p > 0.05). There is no relationship between attitude and PSN-DHF behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Santren Hamlet, Caturtunggal Village, Depok Sleman with a p value of 1,000 (p > 0.05). There is no relationship between work activity and PSN-DHF behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Santren Hamlet, Caturtunggal Village, Depok Sleman with a p value of 0.872 (p > 0.05). There is no relationship between knowledge and behavior, there is no relationship between attitude and behavior, there is no relationship between work activities and PSN-DHF behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Santren Hamlet, Caturtunggal Village, Depok Sleman.
SKRINING DAN UJI DIAGNOSTIK COVID-19 DI PUSKESMAS DEPOK III SLEMAN, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Sofiana Liena , Safitri Nindy Fadellah Wulan , Wibowo Trisno Agung
Published: July 2022

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a communicable disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus mainly through close contact and droplets. Common symptoms of COVID-19 infection include acute respiratory symptoms such as fever, cough, and dyspnea. If the discovery of COVID-19 cases is not fast can increase the potential spread of the disease widely and also increase the severity of the disease in the form of ARDS until death. The purpose of this study is to determine sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (NPP), negative predictive value (NPN) and different proportion of symptoms of COVID-19 disease with RT-PCR checks in Puskesmas Depok III Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta.This type of research is descriptive with quantitative approach. The sampling technique used total sampling with 399 samples. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis into the form of tables and narratives. The sensitivity value of seven symptoms of COVID-19 in this study was under the desirable value (≥99%) acceptable value (≥97%). The symptoms of COVID-19 in this study cannot be used for COVID-19 screening in Puskesmas Depok III Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta.
Cardiorenal metabolic syndrome: reaching a consensus in shared care
Authors: Lavery Joanna , Jones Ian , Sankaranarayanan Rajiv
Published: July 2022

Cardiorenal metabolic syndrome is a group of interactive conditions affecting cardiovascular, renal and metabolic systems. Treatment for this multidimensional syndrome is complex, partly as a result of the current lack of definition and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Symptoms can fluctuate and follow a nonconforming pattern, and treatment is dependent on the severity of the underlying conditions involved. A multidisciplinary service model can integrate care for patients with cardiorenal metabolic syndrome and promote shared decision making. Research indicates that the use of an integrated care model also has the potential to improve clinical outcomes, while strategies such as interdisciplinary education and the promotion of self-management opportunities for individuals can improve quality of life.
Digital competency: a survey of UK allied health professionals
Authors: Tack Christopher , Holdsworth Lesley , Wilson Alex , McComiskie Euan , McCabe Pippa , Wilkinson Wendy , King Mathew
Published: July 2022

Background/Aims

The need to develop digital skills and confidence among NHS staff is reflected in research and government strategies across the UK. This study aimed to measure the confidence, motivation and competence of the allied health professional workforce in relation to data and digital technology.

Methods

A quantitative, cross-sectional design was used, with an online survey distributed to measure respondents' characteristics and their self-rating of confidence, motivation and experience in data and digital technology, and of competence relative to the domains of the Health Education England allied health professions digital competency framework. Mean scores were calculated to measure self-rated confidence, motivation and experience.

Results

Mean scores on confidence and motivation to use digital technologies at work were moderate to high (7.34/10 and 8.33/10 respectively). High degrees of competence and applicability were reported in the ‘general’ and ‘data management and clinical informatics’ domains. Conversely, in the ‘decision support’ domain, 79.6% (n=490) of respondents reported that the competencies were applicable, but also had low competency rates (64.6%, n=397). In the domains of ‘meta competency’ and ‘records, assessments and plans’, 48.3% and 91% of respondents respectively reported low competence.

Conclusions

Allied health professions have a moderate–high degree of confidence and motivation towards engaging with digital technologies in practice. However, self-perceived competence in some aspects of the domains of the digital competency framework is lacking. Workforce development programmes should consider learning needs related to electronic health records, decision support and use of machine learning or artificial intelligence. Focus should also be directed towards the development of digital leadership and strategy development skills.
Genome-wide functional analysis reveals key roles for kinesins in the mammalian and mosquito stages of the malaria parasite life cycle
Authors: Zeeshan Mohammad , Rashpa Ravish , Ferguson David J. P. , Abel Steven , Chahine Zeinab , Brady Declan , Vaughan Sue , Moores Carolyn A. , Le Roch Karine G. , Brochet Mathieu , Holder Anthony A. , Tewari Rita
Published: July 2022

Kinesins are microtubule (MT)-based motors important in cell division, motility, polarity, and intracellular transport in many eukaryotes. However, they are poorly studied in the divergent eukaryotic pathogensPlasmodiumspp., the causative agents of malaria, which manifest atypical aspects of cell division and plasticity of morphology throughout the life cycle in both mammalian and mosquito hosts. Here, we describe a genome-wide screen ofPlasmodiumkinesins, revealing diverse subcellular locations and functions in spindle assembly, axoneme formation, and cell morphology. Surprisingly, only kinesin-13 is essential for growth in the mammalian host while the other 8 kinesins are required during the proliferative and invasive stages of parasite transmission through the mosquito vector. In-depth analyses of kinesin-13 and kinesin-20 revealed functions in MT dynamics during apical cell polarity formation, spindle assembly, and axoneme biogenesis. These findings help us to understand the importance of MT motors and may be exploited to discover new therapeutic interventions against malaria.
Inferring the nature of linguistic computations in the brain
Authors: Ten Oever Sanne , Kaushik Karthikeya , Martin Andrea E.
Published: July 2022

Sentences contain structure that determines their meaning beyond that of individual words. An influential study by Ding and colleagues (2016) used frequency tagging of phrases and sentences to show that the human brain is sensitive to structure by finding peaks of neural power at the rate at which structures were presented. Since then, there has been a rich debate on how to best explain this pattern of results with profound impact on the language sciences. Models that use hierarchical structure building, as well as models based on associative sequence processing, can predict the neural response, creating an inferential impasse as to which class of models explains the nature of the linguistic computations reflected in the neural readout. In the current manuscript, we discuss pitfalls and common fallacies seen in the conclusions drawn in the literature illustrated by various simulations. We conclude that inferring the neural operations of sentence processing based on these neural data, and any like it, alone, is insufficient. We discuss how to best evaluate models and how to approach the modeling of neural readouts to sentence processing in a manner that remains faithful to cognitive, neural, and linguistic principles.
Cheater suppression and stochastic clearance through quorum sensing
Authors: Moffett Alexander S. , Thomas Peter J. , Hinczewski Michael , Eckford Andrew W.
Published: July 2022

The evolutionary consequences of quorum sensing in regulating bacterial cooperation are not fully understood. In this study, we reveal unexpected effects of regulating public good production through quorum sensing on bacterial population dynamics, showing that quorum sensing can be a collectively harmful alternative to unregulated production. We analyze a birth-death model of bacterial population dynamics accounting for public good production and the presence of non-producing cheaters. Our model demonstrates that when demographic noise is a factor, the consequences of controlling public good production according to quorum sensing depend on the cost of public good production and the growth rate of populations in the absence of public goods. When public good production is inexpensive, quorum sensing is a destructive alternative to unconditional production, in terms of the mean population extinction time. When costs are higher, quorum sensing becomes a constructive strategy for the producing strain, both stabilizing cooperation and decreasing the risk of population extinction.
Analyzing biomarker discovery: Estimating the reproducibility of biomarker sets
Authors: Forouzandeh Amir , Rutar Alex , Kalmady Sunil V. , Greiner Russell
Published: July 2022

Many researchers try to understand a biological condition by identifying biomarkers. This is typically done using univariate hypothesis testing over a labeled dataset, declaring a feature to be a biomarker if there is a significant statistical difference between its values for the subjects with different outcomes. However, such sets of proposed biomarkers are often not reproducible – subsequent studies often fail to identify the same sets. Indeed, there is often only a very small overlap between the biomarkers proposed in pairs of related studies that explore the same phenotypes over the same distribution of subjects. This paper first defines the Reproducibility Score for a labeled dataset as a measure (taking values between 0 and 1) of the reproducibility of the results produced by a specified fixed biomarker discovery process for a given distribution of subjects. We then provide ways to reliably estimate this score by defining algorithms that produce an over-bound and an under-bound for this score for a given dataset and biomarker discovery process, for the case of univariate hypothesis testing on dichotomous groups. We confirm that these approximations are meaningful by providing empirical results on a large number of datasets and show that these predictions match known reproducibility results. To encourage others to apply this technique to analyze their biomarker sets, we have also created a publicly available website, https://biomarker.shinyapps.io/BiomarkerReprod/, that produces these Reproducibility Score approximations for any given dataset (with continuous or discrete features and binary class labels).
Coagulation abnormalities in children with uncorrected congenital heart defects seen at a teaching hospital in a developing country
Authors: Majiyagbe Omotola O. , Akinsete Adeseye M. , Adeyemo Titilope A. , Salako Abideen O. , Ekure Ekanem N. , Okoromah Christy A. N.
Published: July 2022

Background

Coagulation abnormality is a significant complication and cause of mortality in children with uncorrected congenital heart defects (CHD). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of coagulation abnormalities and the associated factors in children with uncorrected CHD.

Method

A cross sectional study conducted to determine the prevalence of coagulation abnormalities among 70 children with uncorrected CHD aged six months to 17 years and 70 age and sex matched apparently healthy controls. Coagulation abnormalities was determined using complete blood count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and D-dimer assay.

Results

The prevalence of coagulation abnormalities among children with CHD and controls was 37.1% and 7.1% respectively. Children with Cyanotic CHD had a significantly higher prevalence of coagulation abnormalities compared to children with Acyanotic CHD (57.1% versus 17.1%). Haematocrit and oxygen saturation levels were significantly associated with coagulation abnormalities.

Conclusion

This study affirms that coagulation abnormalities are frequent in children with uncorrected CHD. Oxygen saturation and haematocrit are risk factors of coagulation abnormalities. Routine coagulation screen is recommended especially in children with cyanotic congenital heart defects to improve their quality of life and reduce morbidity and mortality while awaiting definitive surgeries.
A hybrid trust computing approach for IoT using social similarity and machine learning
Authors: Ali-Eldin Amr M. T.
Published: July 2022

Every year, millions of new devices are added to the Internet of things, which has both great benefits and serious security risks for user data privacy. It is the device owners’ responsibility to ensure that the ownership settings of Internet of things devices are maintained, allowing them to communicate with other user devices autonomously. The ultimate goal of the future Internet of Things is for it to be able to make decisions on its own, without the need for human intervention. Therefore, trust computing and prediction have become more vital in the processing and handling of data as well as in the delivery of services. In this paper, we compute trust in social IoT scenarios using a hybrid approach that combines a distributed computation technique and a global machine learning approach. The approach considers social similarity while assessing other users’ ratings and utilize a cloud-based architecture. Further, we propose a dynamic way to aggregate the different computed trust values. According to the results of the experimental work, it is shown that the proposed approaches outperform related work. Besides, it is shown that the use of machine learning provides slightly better performance than the computing model. Both proposed approaches were found successful in degrading malicious ratings without the need for more complex algorithms.
Complete chloroplast genomes and phylogeny in three Euterpe palms (E. edulis, E. oleracea and E. precatoria) from different Brazilian biomes
Authors: Francisconi Ana Flávia , Cauz-Santos Luiz Augusto , Morales Marroquín Jonathan Andre , van den Berg Cássio , Alves-Pereira Alessandro , Delmondes de Alencar Luciano , Picanço-Rodrigues Doriane , Zanello Cesar Augusto , Ferreira Costa Marcones , Gomes Lopes Maria Teresa , Veasey Elizabeth Ann , Zucchi Maria Imaculada
Published: July 2022

The Brazilian palm fruits and hearts-of-palm of Euterpe edulis, E. oleracea and E. precatoria are an important source for agro-industrial production, due to overexploitation, conservation strategies are required to maintain genetic diversity. Chloroplast genomes have conserved sequences, which are useful to explore evolutionary questions. Besides the plastid DNA, genome skimming allows the identification of other genomic resources, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), providing information about the genetic diversity of species. We sequenced the chloroplast genome and identified gene content in the three Euterpe species. We performed comparative analyses, described the polymorphisms among the chloroplast genome sequences (repeats, indels and SNPs) and performed a phylogenomic inference based on 55 palm species chloroplast genomes. Finally, using the remaining data from genome skimming, the nuclear and mitochondrial reads, we identified SNPs and estimated the genetic diversity among these Euterpe species. The Euterpe chloroplast genomes varied from 159,232 to 159,275 bp and presented a conserved quadripartite structure with high synteny with other palms. In a pairwise comparison, we found a greater number of insertions/deletions (indels = 93 and 103) and SNPs (284 and 254) between E. edulis/E. oleracea and E. edulis/E. precatoria when compared to E. oleracea/E. precatoria (58 indels and 114 SNPs). Also, the phylogeny indicated a closer relationship between E. oleracea/E. precatoria. The nuclear and mitochondrial genome analyses identified 1,077 SNPs and high divergence among species (FST = 0.77), especially between E. edulis and E. precatoria (FST = 0.86). These results showed that, despite the few structural differences among the chloroplast genomes of these Euterpe palms, a differentiation between E. edulis and the other Euterpe species can be identified by point mutations. This study not only brings new knowledge about the evolution of Euterpe chloroplast genomes, but also these new resources open the way for future phylogenomic inferences and comparative analyses within Arecaceae.
Phosphopantetheinyl transferase ClbA contributes to the virulence of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in meningitis infection of mice
Authors: Meng Xia , Chen Yanfei , Wang Peili , Xia Pengpeng , Wang Jinqiu , He Mengping , Zhu Chunhong , Wang Heng , Zhu Guoqiang
Published: July 2022

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), which has potential zoonotic risk, can cause severe systemic infections such as septicemia and meningitis in poultry. Colibactin is a hybrid non-ribosomal peptide/polyketide secondary metabolite produced by bacteria, which induces double-strand DNA breaks and chromosome instability in eukaryotic cells. ClbA is a 4’-phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) that is essential for colibactin and plays a role in siderophore synthesis. However, whether ClbA is associated with meningitis development in APEC is unclear. In this study, we abolished the clbA gene in the APEC XM strain, investigated the effect of clbA on colibactin synthesis and evaluated the pathogenic capacity of colibactin on meningitis development. Deletion of clbA reduced DNA damage to cells and hindered the normal synthesis of colibactin. Compared with the mice infected by wild-type APEC XM, the clbA deletion mutant infected mice had significant reduction in a series of characteristics associated with meningitis including clinical symptoms, bacterial loads of blood and brain, disruption of the blood brain barrier and the expression of inflammatory factors in the brain tissue. Complementation of ClbA recovered some APEC XM virulence. We conclude that ClbA is obligatory for the synthesis of colibactin and is responsible for the development of meningitis in mice infected by APEC.
The footprint of campaign strategies in Farsi Twitter: A case for 2021 Iranian presidential election
Authors: Mohammadi Saeedeh , Moradi Parham , Firouzabadi S. Mahdi , Jafari Gholamreza
Published: July 2022

The rise of social media accompanied by the Covid-19 Pandemic has instigated a shift in paradigm in the presidential campaigns in Iran from the real world to social media. Unlike previous presidential elections, there was a decrease in physical events and advertisements for the candidates; in turn, the online presence of presidential candidates is significantly increased. Farsi Twitter played a specific role in this matter, as it became the platform for creating political content. In this study, we found traces of organizational activities in Farsi Twitter, and our investigations reveal that the discussion network of the 2021 election is heterogeneous and highly polarized. However, unlike many other documented election cases in Iran and around the globe, communities of candidates’ supporters are very close in one pole, and the other pole is for “Anti-voters” who endorse boycotting the election. With almost no reciprocal ties, these two poles form two echo chambers, one favoring the election and the other for voter suppression. Furthermore, a high presence of bot activity is observed among the most influential users in all of the involved communities.
Challenges in managing, sustaining, and assessing closed point of dispensing sites: Findings from a qualitative study
Authors: Rebmann Terri , Foerst Kyle , Charney Rachel L. , Mazzara Rachel L. , Sandcork Jessica
Published: July 2022

Most U.S. public health agencies rely upon closed points of dispensing (PODs) to aid in medical countermeasure (MCM) distribution. However, few studies have focused on how to assess closed POD preparedness and none have examined best practices for managing sites once they have been recruited. This study involved qualitative interviews with U.S. disaster planners to elucidate their approaches and challenges to managing, sustaining, and assessing existing closed POD sites. In all, 16 disaster planners participated. Common management practices included frequent communication with sites, providing formal and informal training, and assisting with POD exercises. Very few jurisdictions reported doing formal assessments of closed POD sites. The largest challenges identified were staff turnover and keeping sites engaged, sometimes leading to sites voluntarily withdrawing or needing to be removed from being a closed POD. Frequent communication and building partnerships with closed POD site personnel were recommended to maintain and sustain existing sites. Formal and informal assessments will provide assurance of deployment readiness. Closed POD management is a challenging, but essential process to ensure readiness to deploy. Practices outlined by this study can be implemented to enhance closed POD network management at other jurisdictions. This should increase the ability to distribute MCMs rapidly during a future event, contributing to stronger community resilience. Public health officials should continue expanding and improving closed POD networks to enable MCM delivery and minimize morbidity and mortality related to mass casualty events.
Systematic in silico discovery of novel solute carrier-like proteins from proteomes
Authors: Gyimesi Gergely , Hediger Matthias A.
Published: July 2022

Solute carrier (SLC) proteins represent the largest superfamily of transmembrane transporters. While many of them play key biological roles, their systematic analysis has been hampered by their functional and structural heterogeneity. Based on available nomenclature systems, we hypothesized that many as yet unidentified SLC transporters exist in the human genome, which await further systematic analysis. Here, we present criteria for defining “SLC-likeness” to curate a set of “SLC-like” protein families from the Transporter Classification Database (TCDB) and Protein families (Pfam) databases. Computational sequence similarity searches surprisingly identified ~120 more proteins in human with potential SLC-like properties compared to previous annotations. Interestingly, several of these have documented transport activity in the scientific literature. To complete the overview of the “SLC-ome”, we present an algorithm to classify SLC-like proteins into protein families, investigating their known functions and evolutionary relationships to similar proteins from 6 other clinically relevant experimental organisms, and pinpoint structural orphans. We envision that our work will serve as a stepping stone for future studies of the biological function and the identification of the natural substrates of the many under-explored SLC transporters, as well as for the development of new therapeutic applications, including strategies for personalized medicine and drug delivery.