bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lab experience with seafood control at the undergraduate level: Cephalopods as a case study
Authors: Fernández Sara , Rodríguez‐Muñiz Luis J. , Molina Jara , Muñiz‐Rodríguez Laura , Jiménez Juan , García‐Vázquez Eva , Borrell Yaisel J.
Published: January 2020

The correct labeling of seafood is important to protect nature and the rights of consumers. Given the certainty that the resources of the sea are not inexhaustible, only strict regulations and the implementation of sustainable fishing systems and reliable and traceable marketing systems can help ensure the long‐term sustainability of fishery resources. Detecting mislabeling and seafood fraud is a useful resource for improving students' motivation and developing active learning methodologies in higher education. In the present study, we have proposed to the students a lab exercise consisting of exploring 25 different commercial cephalopod products from three major European supermarkets by using DNA barcoding and analyzing the results under the framework of EU and Spanish regulations. The problem is connected with the last theme (traceability) of the Conservation Genetics and Breeding course with the aim of providing students with a practical research lab experience about a real problem before going deeper into more theoretical contents. In this way, they can use the knowledge and the skills they acquired previously to better comprehend and think critically about the problem. Findings from students' answers to a survey revealed that the use of this approach generates useful information for communities, increases curiosity and feelings of benefit, and leads to high levels of satisfaction with lab practices compared with those in other courses. In conclusion, lab exercises focused on seafood control, in addition to being viable, can be used as a tool in classes to improve students' commitment to higher education.
Effect of Toll‐like receptor 4 on depressive‐like behaviors induced by chronic social defeat stress
Authors: Zhang Ke , Lin Wenjuan , Zhang Juntao , Zhao Yawei , Wang Xiaqing , Zhao Mei
Published: January 2020

Introduction

A growing body of evidence suggests that stress is an important factor in depression, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines contribute to the occurrence and development of depression in both animal models and human patients. Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been shown to be a key innate immune pattern recognition receptor involved in the regulation of stress responses and inflammation. However, the exact effects of TLR4 on depressive‐like behaviors induced by chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) are not known.

Methods

In this study, the effects of TLR4 on depressive‐like behaviors were investigated in an animal model of depression induced by CSDS. The depressive‐like behaviors were assessed by forced swimming test (FST), social interaction test (SIT), and light–dark box test (LDT). The protein expressions of TLR4 and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in the hippocampus were measured using Western blotting.

Results

We found that CSDS increased TLR4 protein levels in the hippocampus and induced behavioral despair in FST, social avoidance in SIT, and anxiety‐like behavior in LDT. Fluoxetine normalized the increased expression of TLR4 and reversed behavioral despair, social avoidance, as well as anxiety‐like behavior induced by CSDS. However, directly blocking TLR4, by using either TLR4 inhibitor TAK‐242 or knockout of TLR4, only inhibited behavioral despair, but not social avoidance or anxiety‐like behavior induced by CSDS.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate a specific modulating role of TLR4 in behavioral despair induced by CSDS and suggest that TAK‐242 may be a beneficial treatment for patients with behavioral despair.
The impact of competition on vertical integration: The role of technological niche width
Authors: Khurshid Faisal , Park Woo‐Yong , Chan Felix T. S.
Published: January 2020

Despite there being numerous studies exploring the relationship between competition and vertical integration, the empirical findings regarding the nature of this relationship are still unclear. The current study suggests that technological niche width mediates the relationship between competition and vertical integration. It also suggests that technological niche width and vertical integration play a complementary role in enhancing firm performance. These arguments have found empirical support in the examination of the U.S. hybrid electric vehicle market from 2008 to 2016. In so doing, this study provides an opportunity to better understand the relationship between competition, vertical integration, and technological niche width. In addition, it explains how firms can effectively manage fierce competition and achieve the goal of superior performance through strategic decisions regarding vertical integration and technological niche width.
Microfoundations of dynamic capabilities: Insights from circular economy business cases
Authors: Khan Owais , Daddi Tiberio , Iraldo Fabio
Published: January 2020

Circular economy is a key strategy to achieve corporate sustainability. However, so far, most firms are unable to translate the concept of circular economy into their corporate strategies, business models, and operations. Some scholars have argued that firms need to develop new (and dynamic) capabilities for circular economy implementation. Yet there is a little discussion on how firms can develop such capabilities. Notably, there is a paucity of research on specific skills, processes, and organizational activities (microfoundations of dynamic capabilities) that may facilitate circular economy implementation. To address this knowledge gap, using a multiple‐case studies approach, we explore microfoundations of dynamic capabilities in successful circular economy business cases. Our findings indicate that dynamic capabilities positively contribute to circular economy implementation. Our case studies show that case firms identified circular economy opportunities by using four microfoundations of sensing capability. Further, case firms acted on the identified opportunities by using simultaneously three microfoundations of seizing capability and four microfoundations of reconfiguring capability. This paper contributes to the literature on the relations between dynamic capabilities and corporate sustainability by providing insights on how sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring dynamic capabilities act in successful operationalization of circular economy strategies.
The impact of squamous cell carcinoma histology on outcomes in nonmetastatic pancreatic cancer
Authors: Gruhl Joshua D. , Garrido‐Laguna Ignacio , Francis Samual R. , Affolter Kajsa , Tao Randa , Lloyd Shane
Published: January 2020

Background

The prognosis for nonmetastatic, primary pancreatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is thought to be poor compared with adenocarcinoma (AC); however, this is based on limited data. Additionally, the optimal definitive treatment strategy for nonmetastatic pancreatic SCC is unknown.

Methods

We analyzed patients with nonmetastatic pancreatic cancer using the National Cancer Database for patients diagnosed from 2006 to 2014. Patients were analyzed according to histology—only AC, adenosquamous carcinoma (A‐SCC), and SCC were included. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) from the time of diagnosis.

Results

A total of 94 928 cases were included; 94 016 AC, 757 A‐SCC, and 155 SCC. Median OS was lower for SCC (8.67 months), compared to AC (13.93 months) and A‐SCC (12.71 months, P < .001). SCC was resected less often (25.5% vs 46.7% and 74.5%). On subgroup analysis of patients with pancreatic SCC, factors on multivariate analysis associated with improved survival included surgery (HR 0.19, P < .001), and chemotherapy (HR 0.22, P = .01). In 38 patients with SCC undergoing surgical resection, median OS improved (MS = 6.8 months without surgery vs 21.3 months with surgery, P < .001).

Conclusions

Nonmetastatic pancreatic SCC presents with more advanced disease, which is less often surgically resected or treated with any definitive local therapy. In contrast, AC and A‐SCC behave more similarly and have higher surgical resection rates and improved survival. In patients with nonmetastatic SCC of the pancreas, surgical resection provides the most significant survival benefit, with systemic chemotherapy providing a less significant benefit, and localized radiation providing no statistical benefit for any subgroup.
Novel N‐Acyl‐1H‐imidazole‐1‐carbothioamides: Design, Synthesis, Biological and Computational Studies
Authors: Aziz Hamid , Saeed Aamer , Khan Muhammad Aslam , Afridi Shakeeb , Jabeen Farukh , Ashfaq‐ur‐Rehman  , Hashim Muhammad
Published: January 2020

The present study reports the convenient synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, bio‐assays and computational evaluation of a novel series of N‐acyl‐1H‐imidazole‐1‐carbothioamides. The screened derivatives displayed excellent antioxidant activity, moderate antibacterial and antifungal potential. The screened derivatives were found to be highly biocompatible against hRBCs. Molecular docking ascertained the mechanism and mode of action towards the molecular target delineating that ligands and complexes were stabilized at the active site by electrostatic and hydrophobic forces in accordance to the corresponding experimental results. Docking simulation provided additional information about the possibilities of inhibitory potential of the compounds against RNA. Computational evaluation predicted that N‐acyl‐1H‐imidazole‐1‐carbothioamides 5c and 5g can serve as potential surrogates for hit to lead generation and design of novel antioxidant and antibacterial agents.
Concomitant acute interstitial nephritis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia induced by omeprazole
Authors: Sharma Neetu , Ip Randy , Hadid Tarik
Published: January 2020

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI)—induced acute interstitial nephritis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia can occur concomitantly, which should prompt discontinuation of PPI. PPI should wisely be prescribed and discontinued when no longer needed.
[2+2] Photodimerization of Stilbazoles Promoted by Oxalic Acid in Suspension
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Binh , Nguyen Tuan Minh , Retailleau Pascal
Published: January 2020

In this study, a very simple technique to perform efficiently photodimerization of some vinylpyridines is reported. By irradiating a stirred mixture of several stilbazoles with solid oxalic acid dihydrate dispersed in a nonpolar (i.e., cyclohexane) or moderately polar (benzene, dichloromethane, dioxane) solvent, the corresponding dimeric cyclobutane adducts were obtained in high yields and excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivities. The strategy could also be applied successfully to oily, waxy, or even insoluble stilbazoles. Moreover, the oxalic acid loading could be lowered to substoichiometric amounts. When further optimizations were needed, our strategy was found to be highly flexible to identify other oligocarboxylic acids as alternative additives to improve, or even overturn, the regioselectivity. Oxalic acid and other oligocarboxylic acids were found to be capable of orienting more than 50 stilbazoles toward photodimerization under these conditions.
CD304/neuropilin‐1 is a very useful and dependable marker for the measurable residual disease assessment of B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Gudapati Pratyusha , Khanka Twinkle , Chatterjee Gaurav , Ghogale Sitaram , Badrinath Yajamanam , Deshpande Nilesh , Patil Jagruti , Narula Gaurav , Shetty Dhanalaxmi , Banavali Shripad , Patkar Nikhil V. , Gujral Sumeet , Subramanian Papagudi G. , Tembhare Prashant R.
Published: January 2020

Background

Measurable residual disease (MRD) assessment using multicolor flow cytometry (MFC) has become the center point of pediatric B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP‐ALL) risk stratification and therapeutic management. The addition of new markers can improve the accuracy and applicability of MFC‐based MRD assay further. Herein, we evaluated the utility of a new marker, CD304/neuropilin‐1, in the assessment of MFC‐based MRD.

Methods

Expression patterns of CD304 were studied in leukemic blasts from BCP‐ALL patients and in normal precursor B cells (NPBC) from uninvolved non‐BCP‐ALL bone marrow samples using 10‐color MFC. MRD was monitored at end‐of‐induction (EOI; Days 35–40) and end‐of‐consolidation (Day 78–80) time points.

Results

We studied CD304 expression in 300 pediatric BCP‐ALL patients and found it positive in BCP‐ALL blasts in 41.7% of diagnostic samples. It was significantly associated with ETV6‐RUNX1 (p < .001) as well as BCR‐ABL1 (p = .019) and inversely associated with TCF3‐PBX1 fusion gene (p = .0012). It was found clearly negative in NPBC. EOI‐MRD was detectable in 152/300 (50.7%; ≥0.01% in 35.33% and <0.01% in 15.33%) samples, in which CD304 was positive in 72/152 (47.4%) diagnostic and 63/152 (41.4%) MRD samples. It was positive in 45.7% (21/46) of low‐level (<0.01%) MRD samples. In comparison with diagnostic samples, its expression was retained in 68.06% (49/72), lost in 31.94% (23/72), and gained in 14/80 (17.5%) of EOI‐MRD samples.

Conclusions

CD304 is commonly expressed in leukemic blasts of BCP‐ALL. It is very useful in distinguishing residual disease from hematogones and is a fairly dependable marker. Hence, it is a valuable addition for enhancing the sensitivity and applicability of MFC‐based MRD assay in BCP‐ALL.
Identification and characterization of chemically masked derivatives of pseudoephedrine, ephedrine, methamphetamine, and MDMA
Authors: Mayer Alexandra , Copp Brent , Bogun Ben , Miskelly Gordon
Published: January 2020

The emergence of chemically masked illicit drugs represents a challenge to global initiatives that are working to prevent their manufacture and distribution. Targeted analytical techniques currently used by law enforcement to identify unknown materials rely on spectroscopic and spectrophotometric databases that do not currently include some of these compounds, making their identification challenging. This study aimed to update compound spectral libraries to aid in the rapid detection and identification of these masked drugs, as well as to provide insight into their synthetic procedures. Five commonly employed protecting groups, acetyl, p‐tosyl, methoxycarbonyl, Fmoc, and t‐Boc, were appended to pseudoephedrine, ephedrine, methamphetamine, and MDMA. Characterization was carried out using NMR, GC‐MS, FTIR, high‐resolution LC‐MS/MS, and common screening color tests. Some of the methoxycarbonyl and t‐Boc derivatives and all of the Fmoc derivatives showed partial or full thermal degradation or rearrangement during GC‐MS analysis, while LC‐MS/MS analysis did not always show characteristic fragmentation that would allow unambiguous assignment of the structure. Restricted rotation in some of the derivatives meant that NMR assignments could only be made using NMR spectra acquired at elevated temperature. Therefore, GC‐MS and LC‐MS/MS analyses serve complementary roles for these derivatives, with NMR providing confirmation of structure for the pure materials if necessary.
Disparities in self‐reported eating disorders and academic impairment in sexual and gender minority college students relative to their heterosexual and cisgender peers
Authors: Simone Melissa , Askew Autumn , Lust Katherine , Eisenberg Marla E. , Pisetsky Emily M.
Published: January 2020

Objective

The purpose of the current study was threefold: (a) compare rates of self‐reported anorexia nervosa (AN), self‐reported bulimia nervosa (BN), and eating pathology‐specific academic impairment (EAI) by gender identity (cisgender men, cisgender women, transgender or genderqueer) and sexual orientation (gay or lesbian, bisexual, unsure, other), (b) examine associations between gender identity, sexual orientation, and eating outcomes, and (c) identify for whom rates of eating disorder diagnosis and impairment is greatest.

Method

The study includes a sample of Minnesota students (n = 13,906) who participated in the College Student Health Survey from 2015 to 2018. Chi‐square tests with bootstrapping examined differences in eating pathology rates between groups. Adjusted logistic regressions tested the association between gender identity, sexual orientation, and self‐reported eating outcomes.

Results

Chi‐square results revealed heightened rates of self‐reported AN, self‐reported BN, and EAI in cisgender women, transgender or genderqueer, and sexual minority (e.g., lesbian or bisexual) students. Logistic regression analyses in cisgender men and cisgender women revealed higher odds of self‐reported AN, self‐reported BN, and EAI in sexual minority students relative their heterosexual peers. Chi‐square analyses indicated that bisexual cisgender women reported heightened rates of all three eating pathology measures relative to other sexual and/or gender (e.g., transgender) minority students.

Discussion

Individuals with marginalized gender and/or sexual orientation identities report heightened rates of eating pathology, with cisgender bisexual women reporting the poorest outcomes relative to individuals from other marginalized identities. Preventive efforts and more research are needed to understand the mechanisms driving this disparity and to reduce prevalence among marginalized groups.
RAPTURE (RAD capture) panel facilitates analyses characterizing sea lamprey reproductive ecology and movement dynamics
Authors: Sard Nicholas M. , Smith Seth R. , Homola Jared J. , Kanefsky Jeannette , Bravener Gale , Adams Jean V. , Holbrook Christopher M. , Hrodey Peter J. , Tallon Kevin , Scribner Kim T.
Published: January 2020

Genomic tools are lacking for invasive and native populations of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Our objective was to discover single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci to conduct pedigree analyses to quantify reproductive contributions of adult sea lampreys and dispersion of sibling larval sea lampreys of different ages in Great Lakes tributaries. Additional applications of data were explored using additional geographically expansive samples. We used restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐Seq) to discover genetic variation in Duffins Creek (DC), Ontario, Canada, and the St. Clair River (SCR), Michigan, USA. We subsequently developed RAD capture baits to genotype 3,446 RAD loci that contained 11,970 SNPs. Based on RAD capture assays, estimates of variance in SNP allele frequency among five Great Lakes tributary populations (mean FST 0.008; range 0.00–0.018) were concordant with previous microsatellite‐based studies; however, outlier loci were identified that contributed substantially to spatial population genetic structure. At finer scales within streams, simulations indicated that accuracy in genetic pedigree reconstruction was high when 200 or 500 independent loci were used, even in situations of high spawner abundance (e.g., 1,000 adults). Based on empirical collections of larval sea lamprey genotypes, we found that age‐1 and age‐2 families of full and half‐siblings were widely but nonrandomly distributed within stream reaches sampled. Using the genomic scale set of SNP loci developed in this study, biologists can rapidly genotype sea lamprey in non‐native and native ranges to investigate questions pertaining to population structuring and reproductive ecology at previously unattainable scales.
An elusive endosymbiont: DoesWolbachiaoccur naturally inAedes aegypti?
Authors: Ross Perran A. , Callahan Ashley G. , Yang Qiong , Jasper Moshe , Arif Mohd A. K. , Afizah Ahmad Noor , Nazni Wasi A. , Hoffmann Ary A.
Published: January 2020

Wolbachiaare maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria found within many insect species.Aedesmosquitoes experimentally infected withWolbachiaare being released into the field forAedes‐borne disease control. TheseWolbachiainfections induce cytoplasmic incompatibility which is used to suppress populations through incompatible matings or replace populations through the reproductive advantage provided by this mechanism. However, the presence of naturally occurringWolbachiain target populations could interfere with both population replacement and suppression programs depending on the compatibility patterns between strains.Aedes aegyptiwere thought to not harborWolbachianaturally but several recent studies have detectedWolbachiain natural populations of this mosquito. We therefore review the evidence for naturalWolbachiainfections inA. aegyptito date and discuss limitations of these studies. We draw on research from other mosquito species to outline the potential implications of naturalWolbachiainfections inA. aegyptifor disease control. To validate previous reports, we obtained a laboratory population ofA. aegyptifrom New Mexico, USA, that harbors a naturalWolbachiainfection, and we conducted field surveys in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, where a naturalWolbachiainfection has also been reported. However, we were unable to detectWolbachiain both the laboratory and field populations. Because the presence of naturally occurringWolbachiainA. aegypticould have profound implications forWolbachia‐based disease control programs, it is important to continue to accurately assess theWolbachiastatus of targetAedespopulations.
Predictors of sudden cardiac death in high‐risk patients following a myocardial infarction
Authors: Docherty Kieran F. , Ferreira João Pedro , Sharma Abhinav , Girerd Nicolas , Gregson John , Duarte Kevin , Petrie Mark C. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Dickstein Kenneth , Pfeffer Marc A. , Pitt Bertram , Rossignol Patrick , Zannad Faiez , McMurray John J.V.
Published: January 2020

Aims

To develop a risk model for sudden cardiac death (SCD) in high‐risk acute myocardial infarction (AMI) survivors.

Methods and results

Data from the Effect of Carvedilol on Outcome After Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction trial (CAPRICORN) and the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT) were used to create a SCD risk model (with non‐SCD as a competing risk) in 13 202 patients. The risk model was validated in the Eplerenone Post‐AMI Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EPHESUS). The rate of SCD was 3.3 (95% confidence interval 3.0–3.5) per 100 person‐years over a median follow‐up of 2.0 years. Independent predictors of SCD included age > 70 years; heart rate ≥ 70 bpm; smoking; Killip class III/IV; left ventricular ejection fraction ≤30%; atrial fibrillation; history of prior myocardial infarction, heart failure or diabetes; estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2; and no coronary reperfusion or revascularisation therapy for index AMI. The model was well calibrated and showed good discrimination (C‐statistic = 0.72), including in the early period after AMI. The observed 2‐year event rates increased steeply with each quintile of risk score (1.9%, 3.6%, 6.2%, 9.0%, 13.4%, respectively).

Conclusion

An easy to use SCD risk score developed from routinely collected clinical variables in patients with heart failure, left ventricular systolic dysfunction or both, early after AMI was superior to left ventricular ejection fraction. This score might be useful in identifying patients for future trials testing treatments to prevent SCD early after AMI.
A Fast and Green Extraction Method for Berry Seed Lipid Extraction Using CO2 Expanded Ethanol Combined with Sonication
Authors: Al‐Hamimi Said , Turner Charlotta
Published: January 2020

In this work, a combination of sonication and carbon dioxide expanded liquid extraction (SA‐CXLE) is used for the first time for the extraction of lipids from berry seeds. Three solvents (ethanol, methanol and ethyl lactate) are screened for the best recoveries of total lipids. Ethanol is selected due to its efficiency, greenness and sustainability. The effects of operation variables including temperature, time and CO2 molar fraction on extraction performance are examined using a response surface methodology. The optimum conditions were found at 0.37 molar fraction of CO2 in ethanol, a temperature of 52 °C and an extraction time of 7 min for two cycles. The SA‐CXLE method extracts 323 ± 38 mg g−1 seed compared to 194 ± 23 using a conventional solid‐liquid extraction. SA‐CXLE is successfully applied to profile lipids from gooseberry, blackcurrant, chokeberry, red currant, and rowanberry seeds. More than 17 lipid classes are characterized and identified. Gooseberry shows the highest amount of oil of 352 mg g−1 seed.

Practical Applications: The developed method provides a fast, efficient and simple approach to extract and profile lipids using a combination of green solvents. Total lipid content and fatty acids composition of the berry seeds are essential information in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and nutritional applications.
Towards adopting open and data‐driven science practices in bed form dynamics research, and some steps to this end
Authors: Gutierrez Ronald R. , Lefebvre Alice , Núñez‐González Francisco , Avila Humberto
Published: January 2020

In recent years, open and data‐driven science has fostered very important scientific breakthroughs. This study describes the challenges and opportunities for the scientific community devoted to bed form dynamics research in adopting such scientific paradigms through, for example, engineered data sharing, formal recognition of scientists who collect the data, and collaborative development of free accessible software. It highlights that once these actions are completed, the potential application of deep learning techniques could substantially improve bed form models and the scientific understanding of bed form dynamics. Likewise, it discusses the potential of Bedforms‐ATM, a free available software, to standardize some bed form data analysis techniques. We propose that the technical challenges be tackled by following scholarly accepted/proposed standards (e.g. FAIR Guiding Principles, Geoscience Papers of the Future), using the body of knowledge being built on the matter by some institutions (e.g. Federation of Earth Science Information Partners), and through technical discussions at scientific meetings such as MARID. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pirfenidone Is an Agonistic Ligand for PPARα and Improves NASH by Activation of SIRT1/LKB1/pAMPK
Authors: Sandoval‐Rodriguez Ana , Monroy‐Ramirez Hugo Christian , Meza‐Rios Alejandra , Garcia‐Bañuelos Jesus , Vera‐Cruz Jose , Gutiérrez‐Cuevas Jorge , Silva‐Gomez Jorge , Staels Bart , Dominguez‐Rosales Jose , Galicia‐Moreno Marina , Vazquez‐Del Mercado Monica , Navarro‐Partida Jose , Santos‐Garcia Arturo , Armendariz‐Borunda Juan
Published: January 2020

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is recognized by hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis. No studies have evaluated the prolonged‐release pirfenidone (PR‐PFD) properties on NASH features. The aim of this study is to evaluate how PR‐PFD performs on metabolic functions, and provide insight on a mouse model of human NASH. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with either normo diet or high‐fat/carbohydrate diet for 16 weeks and a subgroup also fed with PR‐PFD (300 mg/kg/day). An insulin tolerance test was performed at the end of treatment. Histological analysis, determination of serum hormones, adipocytokines measurement, and evaluation of proteins by western blot was performed. Molecular docking, in silico site‐directed mutagenesis, and in vitro experiments using HepG2 cultured cells were performed to validate PR‐PFD binding to peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor alpha (PPAR‐α), activation of PPAR‐α promoter, and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) protein expression. Compared with the high‐fat group, the PR‐PFD‐treated mice displayed less weight gain, cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein and triglycerides, and showed a significant reduction of hepatic macrosteatosis, inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning, fibrosis, epididymal fat, and total adiposity. PR‐PFD restored levels of insulin, glucagon, adiponectin, and resistin along with improved insulin resistance. Noteworthy, SIRT1–liver kinase B1–phospho‐5′ adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase signaling and the PPAR‐α/carnitine O‐palmitoyltransferase 1/acyl‐CoA oxidase 1 pathway were clearly induced in high fat + PR‐PFD mice. In HepG2 cells incubated with palmitate, PR‐PFD induced activation and nuclear translocation of both PPARα and SIRT1, which correlated with increased SIRT1 phosphorylated in serine 47, suggesting a positive feedback loop between the two proteins. These results were confirmed with both synthetic PPAR‐α and SIRT1 activators and inhibitors. Finally, we found that PR‐PFD is a true agonist/ligand for PPAR‐α. Conclusions: PR‐PFD provided an anti‐steatogenic effect and protection for inflammation and fibrosis.
A Dinucleating Ligand System with Varying Terminal Donors to Mimic Diiron Active Sites
Authors: Walleck Stephan , Glaser Thorsten
Published: January 2020

To mimic dinuclear active sites of metalloproteins, we have developed a dinucleating ligand system consisting of two tetradentate tripodal ligand compartments with varying terminal donors (carboxylates, phenolates, and pyridines). These ligands provide access to a series of μ‐oxo‐bridged diferric complexes. The spectroscopic study allows to investigate the molecular structures even in solution, e. g. depending on protonation/deprotonation of coordinated OH− and H2O ligands or to observe a reversible pH‐dependent carboxylate‐shift between terminal and bridging binding mode. The electrochemical behavior is strongly influenced by the exogenous ligands, e. g. OH− facilitates oxidation to FeIV by 690 mV relative to Cl−. Using the terminal carboxylates and a {FeIII(μ‐O)2FeIII} core even allows oxidation with O2 to a high‐valent species with FeIV (S=2). The implications of this study for further generation of high‐valent or peroxo species and their utilization in catalysis is discussed.
Impact of spousal work restrictions on expatriates' work life and overall life satisfaction
Authors: Vijayakumar Pooja B. , Cunningham Christopher J. L.
Published: January 2020

Our understanding of the challenges and the broader role of spouses of expatriates is extremely limited. This study examined the impact of spousal work restrictions on expatriates' work life and overall life satisfaction using qualitative and quantitative analyses based on data from a sample of 409 Indian Information Technology professionals working in USA. Furthermore, hypothesised conditional process model (tested with PROCESS analysis tool) was supported, showing that spousal work restrictions created complications in personal lives of expatriates, which interfered with work lives resulting in lower overall life satisfaction. We identified six core classes of challenges faced by spouses of expatriates: wasted skills, financial issues, boredom, social isolation, quality time and domestic tension. Our mixed method approach also helps to provide a more comprehensive picture of these complications. This study may help organisational leaders and policy makers to more fully consider the implications of visa‐related policy changes on expatriate families.
Katanin P80 correlates with larger tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and advanced TNM stage and predicts poor prognosis in non–small‐cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Ye Qing , Zhang Min , Yin Yiping
Published: January 2020

Objective

The present study aimed to investigate the correlation of katanin P80 expression with clinicopathological features and survival profile in non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Methods

Totally, 398 NSCLC patients treated by pulmonary resection were enrolled and their tumor specimens were collected to determine katanin P80 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. Clinical data were collected at diagnosis, and survival data including disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed after treatment.

Results

There were 195 (49.0%) patients with katanin P80 high expression and 203 (51.0%) patients with katanin P80 low expression, respectively. Meanwhile, katanin P80 high expression was associated with larger tumor size (P = .001), lymph node (LYN) metastasis (P = .005), and advanced TNM stage (P = .001). As for survival data, katanin P80 high expression was correlated with reduced DFS (P < .001) and OS (P < .001). And forward stepwise multivariate Cox's regression revealed that katanin P80 high expression was an independent predictor for decreased DFS (P < .001) and OS (P < .001). Besides, further analysis indicated that DFS (P < .001) and OS (P < .001) were the shortest in patients with katanin P80 high+++ expression, followed by patients with katanin P80 high++ expression and then those with katanin P80 high + expression and katanin P80 low expression.

Conclusion

Katanin P80 correlates with larger tumor size, LYN metastasis, and advanced TNM stage, and serves as a potential biomarker for predicting poor survival in NSCLC patients.
Up‐regulation of long non‐coding RNA THRIL in coronary heart disease: Prediction for disease risk, correlation with inflammation, coronary artery stenosis, and major adverse cardiovascular events
Authors: Qi Haijun , Shen Jie , Zhou Wenping
Published: January 2020

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the role of long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) THRIL in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients.

Methods

A total of 420 patients who underwent coronary arteriography due to suspected symptoms of CHD were enrolled, in which 220 were diagnosed as CHD and 200 were set as control subjects. LncRNA THRIL in plasma samples of CHD patients and control subjects was detected by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Gensini score and biochemical indexes were evaluated in CHD patients and control subjects. Plasma inflammatory cytokines were detected, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were recorded in CHD patients.

Results

Both before and after adjustment by age/gender, lncRNA THRIL was increased in CHD patients compared with control subjects (both P < .001), and it well predicted enhanced CHD risk by receiver operating characteristic curves. For coronary artery stenosis, it was positively correlated with Gensini score (P < .001, r = .430). For clinical characteristics, lncRNA THRIL was positively correlated with diabetes mellitus occurrence (P < .001) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) level (P = .029, r = .147). For inflammation, it was positively associated with CRP (P < .001, r = .374), TNF‐α (P < .001, r = .249), IL‐1β (P = .001, r = .222), IL‐8 (P < .001, r = .254), and IL‐17 (P = .011, r = .172), while negatively correlated with IL‐10 (P < .001, r = −.244). For prognosis, lncRNA THRIL was positively associated with MACE accumulating rate (P = .037) in CHD patients.

Conclusion

Long non‐coding RNA THRIL was increased in CHD patients and well predicted elevated CHD risk. Moreover, it was correlated with enhanced coronary stenosis, systematic inflammation, FBG level, and MACE risk in CHD patients.
#4645Boricuas: Twitter reactions to the estimates of deaths by Hurricane María in Puerto Rico
Authors: García‐Ramírez Grisel M. , Bogen Katherine W. , Rodríguez‐Guzmán Von M. , Nugent Nicole , Orchowski Lindsay M.
Published: January 2020

This study explores the sentiment expressed by Twitter users after the Harvard University report was released, reporting a death estimate of 4,645 Puerto Ricans following Hurricane María. Researchers utilized the NVivo addition NCapture to collect Twitter data including the hashtag #4645Boricuas. Thematic content analyses explored emergent themes within the hashtag. Geographic information systems (GIS) documented the location of Tweets and differences across geographical locations among Twitter users. The themes that emerged in #4645Boricuas included: disaster phases, media, psychological processes, and politics. GIS documented that Tweets from Puerto Rico were more likely to discuss themes of psychological processes, politics, and resilience compared with disaster phases or media. The present data highlights how individuals engage with Twitter to cope following the trauma of natural disasters.
Implementation of e‐mental health for depression and anxiety: A critical scoping review
Authors: Ellis Louise A. , Augustsson Hanna , Grødahl Anne I. , Pomare Chiara , Churruca Kate , Long Janet C. , Ludlow Kristiana , Zurynski Yvonne A. , Braithwaite Jeffrey
Published: January 2020

The aim of this review was to scope the growth and development of implementation research of e‐mental healthcare programs for anxiety and depression, the research and evaluation tools used, and the specific implementation processes and outcomes examined. A search of four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) was conducted from January 2000 to January 2019. Of 33 studies identified, most (n = 28) were published in the last five years. Only 10 used an implementation framework to guide implementation or evaluation. Most studies reported on acceptability (n = 28), appropriateness (n = 23), and feasibility (n = 17). Less commonly reported implementation outcomes were fidelity (n = 10) and adoption (n = 7); with penetration (n = 4), sustainability (n = 3), and implementation cost (n = 2) being studied rarely. Of the 21 studies that used surveys to study implementation outcomes, less than half used a previously published survey (n = 9). More rigorous implementation studies, underpinned by strong theory and real‐world understanding, are urgently needed.
CCCH-type zinc finger antiviral protein mediates antiviral immune response by activating T cells
Authors: Zhu Mingjun , Zhou Jing , Liang Yanfei , Nair Venugopal , Yao Yongxiu , Cheng Ziqiang
Published: January 2020

The zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP), as a host restriction factor, inhibits the replication of certain viruses by binding viral mRNA or proteins for degradation. However, little is known about the role of ZAP in the antiviral immune response. We now show that ZAP participates in the antiviral immune response by activating T cells. Overexpression of ZAP significantly inhibited avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) replication and reduced the associated inflammatory damage in vivo. In this study, we found that ZAP tended to be expressed in T lymphocytes, especially after ALV-J infection. T lymphocyte proliferation proceeded as usual in response to ALV-J infection in the presence of ZAP, indicating that ZAP endows T lymphocytes with resistance to the immunosuppression caused by ALV-J. Furthermore, ZAP activated cytokine secretion by T lymphocytes by contributing to nuclear translocation of nuclear factors of activated T cells and indirectly promoted anti-ALV-J antibody generation. Together, our findings show that ZAP, acting as an immunomodulatory factor, is involved in the antiviral immune response via T lymphocyte activation.
Characterization of major capsid protein (L1) variants of Human papillomavirus type 16 by cervical neoplastic status in Indian women: Phylogenetic and functional analysis
Authors: Mane Arati , Patil Linata , Limaye Sanket , Nirmalkar Amit , Kulkarni‐Kale Urmila
Published: January 2020

The etiological role of infection with Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) in cervical cancer is well established. HPV16 variants, classified based on less than 10% nucleotide variations in the major capsid (L1 ORF) are known to contribute to persistent infection leading to cancer development. L1 protein forms the cornerstone of HPV structure and antigenicity. In the present study, HPV16 L1 variants were characterized by cervical lesion grade and variations in sequences were correlated to structure and function. The L1 gene was analyzed in 152 HPV16 positive cervical samples obtained from Indian women using polymerase chain reaction‐directed sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out for lineage typing. Sixty‐one SNPs were detected in L1 genes resulting in 20 nonsynonymous amino acid substitutions of which N56T, N92T, L158F, V178G, N181I, K236T, K443Q, K454T, and K475R are reported in Indian isolates for the first time. The substitutions N181T, T353P, and T389S were significantly associated with high‐grade cervical disease. The predominance of lineage A (A1‐A4, 84.96%) was observed among the isolates, while the D3 sublineage showed significant association with high‐grade cervical lesions. No evidence for recombination and the positive selection was obtained. These substitutions, when mapped on three‐dimensional structure, revealed that 11 and 4 substitutions are part of experimentally validated B‐ and T‐cell epitopes, of which T266A and N285T were common to both types of epitopes and may impact HPV vaccine efficacy. The variants identified through this study have the potential to serve as translational leads for designing diagnostic probes and vaccines.
More robust changes in the East Asian winter monsoon from 1.5 to 2.0°C global warming targets
Authors: Miao Jiapeng , Wang Tao , Chen Dong
Published: January 2020

This study investigates changes in the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) under 1.5 and 2.0°C global warming (1.5 and 2.0GW) targets using multi‐model results from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). It is found that the surface air temperature increases over the Asian continent and Pacific, and the precipitation increases over the northern Asian continent in winter during the 1.5 and 2.0GW periods. For the 1.5GW period, large uncertainties can be found in the projection of EAWM system members (i.e., Siberian high, Aleutian low, low‐level winds over eastern Asia, East Asian trough [EAT] and East Asian jet stream [EAJS]). For the 2.0GW period, more than two‐thirds of the models show that the Siberian high, the EAT and the meridional shear of the EAJS are weakened, but the Aleutian low is intensified. In addition, the intensified Aleutian low enhances low‐level northwesterly wind along the coast of northeastern Asia. Compared to those in the 1.5GW period, the EAWM system members show more robust changes during the 2.0GW period, except for the low‐level winds at mid‐latitude eastern Asia. These conclusions are suitable for both the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios.
Anionic Surfactant Impregnation in Solid Waste for Cu2+ Adsorption: Study of Kinetics, Equilibrium Isotherms, and Thermodynamic Parameters
Authors: Pinheiro Nascimento Paula F. , Barros Neto Eduardo L. , Fernandes Bezerra Diego V. , Ferreira da Silva Alfredo J.
Published: January 2020

Coconut shell powder (CP) and diatomite (Di) were modified with microemulsion (μE), producing low‐cost adsorbents for copper (II) removal from aqueous solutions. The μE was prepared using as active phase an anionic surfactant sodium octanoate (SO), obtained from the saponification of octanoic acid. The effect of modification on the adsorption capacity of Cu+2 was evaluated taking into consideration the solution pH, equilibrium time, temperature, and initial concentration of metal in solution. The adsorbents were analyzed by characterization techniques of X‐Ray Fluorescence, scanning electron microscope and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The obtained experimental data were analyzed using the equations of Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin Radushkevich models. The initial concentration of 50 mg Cu+2/L solution and 0.2 g of adsorbent materials modified with the μE presented a Cu+2 removal efficiency of 86.81% and 96.3% for CP and Di, respectively. The kinetic models of pseudo first‐order, pseudo second‐order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion were used in this study to describe the adsorption rate. The presence of sodium octanoate functional (OS) group provided ion exchange sites suitable to Cu+2 adsorption. The stability of the OS impregnation using microemulsion was evaluated based on a desorption study.
Synthesis and Properties of pH‐Dependent Gemini Surfactants Containing Multiple Carboxyl Groups
Authors: Qiao Longyin , Zhang Wanjing , Xu Libo , Han Fu , Zhou Yawen , Xu Baocai
Published: January 2020

A series of Gemini surfactants N,N″‐dialkyl‐N,N′,N″‐tripropionate diethylenetriamine (referred as DTPDT‐n, where n is the length of the hydrocarbon chain, n = 10, 12, 14) were synthesized, which have three carboxylic head‐groups and two hydrophobic alkane chains. The products were characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The physicochemical properties of DTPDT‐n surfactants with different hydrocarbon chain lengths were studied such as isoelectric point, surface activities, emulsifying properties, and foam properties. It is showed that these compounds exhibit pH‐dependent protonation‐deprotonation behavior. The isoelectric points of DTPDT‐n surfactants are between 3.40 and 10.90. The critical micellar concentration (cmc) of all three surfactants are lower than the corresponding monomeric surfactants (single head group, single‐chain), especially DTPDT‐14, whose cmc can reach 2.29 × 10−5 mol/L. With an increase in the length of the alkyl chain, the solubility of the surfactants decreases and the surface tension of the three surfactants at cmc increases. In consideration of pH, all of three surfactants appear better emulsifying capacity and foaming property under weak alkaline conditions. DTPDT‐14 has the best performance of emulsifying capacity among the three surfactants. DTPDT‐10 has excellent foaming ability and foam stability.
Transvaginal Ultrasound and Doppler Features of Intraligamental Myomas
Authors: Ambrosio Marco , Raimondo Diego , Savelli Luca , Salucci Paolo , Arena Alessandro , Borghese Giulia , Mattioli Giulia , Giaquinto Ilaria , Scifo Maria Cristina , Meriggiola Maria Cristina , Casadio Paolo , Seracchioli Renato
Published: January 2020

Objectives

To describe the ultrasound (US) features of intraligamental myomas (IMs) using Morphological Uterus Sonographic Assessment group standardized terminology.

Methods

This was a retrospective monocentric study. A total of 125 consecutive women with a preoperative US diagnosis of a myoma located close to the uterine isthmus (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages 5, 6, and 7) from 2016 to 2019 who underwent laparoscopic or laparotomic myomectomy or hysterectomy were included for study analyses. The US data were retrieved from US reports and stored digital images by 2 authors. Ultrasound features of myomas were described according to Morphological Uterus Sonographic Assessment terminology. Clinical data for the study population were retrieved from the patients’ records.

Results

Nineteen women with a surgical confirmation of an IM were included in the study group; the remaining population constituted the control group (n = 106). Non‐uniform echogenicity was detected in 17 of 19 (89%) of IMs compared to 26 of 106 (25%) fibroids in the control group (P < .001). The presence of shadowing was detected in 12 of 19 (63%) IMs compared to 94 of 106 (89%) cases in the control group (P = .004). Intraligamental myomas were more vascularized tumors compared to myomas in the control group (P = .004). Transvaginal US showed high specificity for the diagnosis of an IM (0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.87–0.96).

Conclusions

On US imaging, IMs appear as vascularized solid tumors with nonuniform echogenicity; cones of shadows were less frequent in IMs than the control group, and this finding can help in the differential diagnosis. Knowledge of their specific US features could help sonographers make an accurate diagnosis, allowing them to plan correct surgery and avoid severe complications.