bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Partitioning species contributions to ecological stability in disturbed communities
Authors: Kunze Charlotte , Bahlburg Dominik , Urrutia‐Cordero Pablo , Striebel Maren , Kelpsiene Egle , Langenheder Silke , Donohue Ian , Hillebrand Helmut
Published: November 2024

Ecosystems worldwide are experiencing a range of natural and anthropogenic disturbances, many of which are intensifying as global change accelerates. Ecological responses to those disturbances are determined by both the vulnerabilities of species and their interspecific interactions. Understanding how individual species contribute to the (in‐)stability of an aggregated community property, or function, is fundamental to ecological management and conservation. Here, we present a framework to identify species contributions to stability based on their absolute and relative responses to disturbances. Using simulations, we show that these two dimensions enable identification of (de‐)stabilizing species and reveal that competitive dominance determines the magnitude of both absolute and relative contributions to stability. Applying our framework to empirical data from a multi‐site mesocosm experiment showed that species contributions varied among treatments, sites, and seasons. Despite this dependency on both biotic and abiotic contexts, species contributions were generally constrained by their relative dominance in undisturbed conditions. Rare species contributed positively to stability, while dominant species contributed negatively, indicating compensatory dynamics. Our framework offers an important step toward a more mechanistic understanding of ecological stability based on species performance.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular [5+2] Cycloaddition: Highly Regioselective Synthesis of Allene‐Containing 2‐Benzoxepines
Authors: Shen Bingyu , Yang Aimei , Lu Xihong , Xin Zhijun , Li Xuehu
Published: November 2024

Palladium‐catalyzed intermolecular [5+2] cycloaddition of propargylic carbonates with benzyl allenyl ethers has been developed for the synthesis of allene‐containing 2‐benzoxepines. The reaction proceeds by a pathway involving decarboxylative allenylpalladium formation, regioselective intermolecular insertion, and intramolecular nucleophilic attack. In this way, the sequential formation of C−C and C−O bonds results in the generation of a 2‐benzoxepine skeleton in a one‐pot process.
1,4‐Dioxane as Precursor of −CH2CH2−: A Simple and Convenient Strategy to Synthesize 1,2‐Disulfide Substituted Ethanes Initiated by Iodine
Authors: Liu Yufeng , Xie Wentao , Wei Zhen , Geng Lili , Du Cengceng , Shen Xiaoning
Published: November 2024

An unprecedented I2‐initiated nucleophilic ring opening reaction of 1,4‐dioxane with thiols for the construction of various 1,2‐disulfide substituted ethanes has been developed. Previously, dihalogenated ethane, acetylene or ethylene are often used as the pre‐cursor of −CH2CH2−. Through the cleavage of two C−O bonds, 1,4‐dioxane as precursor of −CH2CH2− has been achieved for the first time. In the presence of HI, thiols could be replaced by disulfides as nucleophile. This protocol is very convenient and practical by its simple and mild conditions.
Is open strategy a good fit for Public‐Private hybrid organizations?
Authors: Rosser Christian , Ilgenstein Sabrina A. , Jacobs Claus D.
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates whether the systematic application of open strategy can align goals in emerging public‐private hybrid organizations, which face the challenge of integrating different identities, forms, and rationales from both public and private stakeholders. We develop an evaluative framework, addressing three crucial issues for a public‐private hybrid's early development: What is the public‐private hybrid's purpose? Who are the strategic actors involved? What knowledge and skills are needed? By applying the framework to a qualitative case study from the field of Swiss innovation policy, we learn that inclusiveness and transparency largely depend on the timeline of a hybrid's emergence. Public‐private hybrids can either choose an inclusive, transparent but gradual, and slow strategy process or a speedy process characterized by the traditional ‘management at the top’ approach. This study offers both empirical and theoretical insights into strategy development in public‐private hybrid organizations and its significance for public policy implementation.
Research on the construction of novel nano‐modified clean fracturing fluid and the migration characteristics of proppants
Authors: Liu Yanwei , Jia Zichao , Zuo Weiqin , Han Hongkai , Xie Kunrong , Li Liwen
Published: November 2024

Clean fracturing fluid exhibits desirable characteristics, such as low residue, easy flowback, minimal reservoir damage, and favorable rheology, making it highly adaptable. However, challenges remain in terms of high cost, large consumption, and poor stability. Hence, this study focuses on incorporating SiO2 nanoparticles into clean fracturing fluid to develop a novel nano‐modified system. Experimental tests were conducted to analyze the impact of mass fractions of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), sodium salicylate (Nasal), and SiO2 nanoparticles on the viscosity of the solution. The results indicate a significant increase in viscosity with higher mass fractions of SiO2. A nano‐modified clean fracturing fluid composition of 1.5 wt% CTAC, 0.4 wt% Nasal, and 0.1 wt% SiO2 was selected as it meets the technical specifications for fracturing fluid while exhibiting excellent elastic modulus (2.279 Pa) and viscous modulus (0.818 Pa), thereby displaying superior viscoelastic properties. Furthermore, the system maintains a viscosity above 20 mPa.s under temperature (70°C) and shear stress (170 s−1), indicating robust temperature and shear resistance to meet the demands of downhole fracturing and proppant transport. Based on rheological experimental data, a Carreau rheological model was established for the nano‐modified clean fracturing fluid. Considering particle interaction, wall blockage, and fluid filtration, a settlement model was modified with a correction coefficient, leading to the construction of a mathematical model for correcting proppant particle settling in fractures. The error between measured settlement velocity and calculated values remained within 10%. Finally, the migration law of proppant is studied, and the settlement law of proppant in fracturing fluid and fracture is clarified.
The V‐Shaped Structuring Regulated via the LuxS‐Dependent Quorum‐Sensing Pathway Is Associated With Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Survivability in Acidic Environments
Authors: Venugopal Athira , Sionov Ronit Vogt , Kroupitski Yulia , Steinberg Doron , Shemesh Moshe
Published: November 2024

Tolerance to acidic environments is an important adaptive feature of the probiotic bacterium Lactiplantibacillus plantarum for surviving gastrointestinal transit or food processing. Here, we report a previously uncharacterized biological process that enables a highly coordinated adaptation of this bacterium to acidic stress. We provide mechanistic evidence for the role of the V‐shaped multicellular structuring, associated with incomplete daughter cell separation, in the survival of L. plantarum cells in acidic environments. We also show that this process facilitates structured biofilm formation through the LuxS‐dependent quorum‐sensing pathway associated with autoinducer‐2 (AI‐2) production. The LuxS knockout results in compromised V‐shaped structuring and poor biofilm formation under acidic conditions, whereas exogenous supplementation of 4,5‐dihydroxy‐pentanedione (DPD), the precursor of AI‐2, to the LuxS knockout strain, restores V‐shaped structuring and biofilm formation in an acidic environment. Furthermore, we show that LuxS‐dependent V‐shaped structuring provides an extraordinary protection mode for cellular survivability in extremely acidic conditions. Consequently, we propose that the self‐generated V‐shaped structuring, regulated by LuxS, is associated with protective and coordinated multicellular behavior during adaptation to acidic stress. It is believed that this study paves the way for developing a promising platform for preserving and delivering probiotic cells to mammalian hosts by utilizing persistent geometrical structuring.
Evaluation of HPLC Profile, Antioxidant, Quorum Sensing, Biofilm, Swarming Motility, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Conventional and Green Extracts of Salvia triloba
Authors: Quradha Mohammed Mansour , Tamfu Alfred Ngenge , Duru Mehmet Emin , Kucukaydin Selcuk , Iqbal Mudassar , Qahtan Abdulkader Moqbel Farhan , Khan Rasool , Ceylan Ozgur
Published: November 2024

The current study aims to prepare a green extract using a new method in addition to conventional extraction methods including; methanolic and ultrasonic extraction of Salvia triloba, to compare their phenolic composition utilizing high‐performance liquid chromatograph equipped with a diode array detector (HPLC‐DAD), anti‐bacterial, anti‐oxidant, and enzyme inhibition activities. The results of HPLC‐DAD analysis showed that Rosmarinic acid was found the highest amount in the methanolic extract followed by ultrasonic and green extracts as 169.7 ± 0.51, 135.1 ± 0.40, and 28.58 ± 0.46 μg/g respectively. The Trans‐cinnamic acid (4.40 ± 0.09 μg/g) was found exclusively in ultrasonic extract. For bioactivities, the green extract exhibited the highest biofilm inhibition against Enterococcus faecalis compared to other extracts, while the methanolic extract outperformed both ultrasonic‐assisted and green extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains at minimum inhibitory concentration. The methanolic and green extract exhibited considerable quorum sensing inhibition against Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, while no activity was recorded from ultrasonic‐assisted extract. The methanolic and ultrasonic‐assisted extracts of S. triloba recorded moderate butyrylcholinesterase inhibition; each extract demonstrated limited inhibitory effects on the urease enzyme. Similarly, each extract of S. triloba demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, with the highest activity exhibited by methanolic extract as β‐carotene‐linoleic acid assay (IC50 = 10.29 ± 0.36 μg/mL), DPPH• assay (IC50 = 27.77 ± 0.55 μg/mL), ABTS•+ assay (IC50 = 15.49 ± 0.95 μg/mL), metal chelating assay (IC50 = 57.80 ± 0.95 μg/mL), and CUPRAC (assay A0.50 = 32.54 ± 0.84 μg/mL). Furthermore, the methanolic extract exhibited antioxidant activity better than α‐tocopherol (Standard used). The current study demonstrated the potential of green solvent(s) as eco‐friendly alternative for extractin phenolic compounds from S. triloba and evaluated their biological activities for the first time.
Cocktail Sausage Supplemented With Whole Tomato Powder Encapsulated in Chia Seed Mucilage (Salvia hispanica L.) by Lypholization: The Color, Sensory, Textural Properties, and Oxidation Stability of Sausage
Authors: Sekhavatizadeh Seyed Saeed , Faryabi Fatemeh , Ganje Mohammad
Published: November 2024

The deterioration of meat products is significantly influenced by the oxidation of lipids. The addition of antioxidants is one of the accepted methods to retard lipid oxidation. The goal of this research was to encapsulate tomato powder with chia seed mucilage by lyophilization. Tomato powder and chia seed mucilage were used as the wall material at three ratios 1:1 (T1:C1), 2:1 (T2:C1), and 1:2 (T1:C2). The particle size, encapsulation efficiency, rheology, and solubility index of the beads were assessed. Three sausage samples, including the control, 3% w/w tomato powder (TPsample), and 6% w/w bead (EnTPsample), were produced. The color, texture, peroxide, thiobarbituric acid, and sensory parameters of the sausage were analyzed during storage. The results showed that T2:C1 had a maximum encapsulation efficiency (44.71%) with particle size (172.31 nm). T1:C1 had a highly significant value in the solubility index (90.09% w/w), but for the viscosity parameter, T1:C2 had a maximum value among the samples. FTIR and X‐ray diffraction analyses demonstrated successful encapsulation in all samples. The water holding capacity (6.92% w/w), hardness (2992.5 g), and gumminess (2772.3 g) were the highest, but cooking loose (10.98% w/w) the lowest in the EnTPsamples. Higher color and odor scores were recorded for the EnTPs. In addition, the encapsulated tomato powder had a significantly (p < 0.05) lower peroxide value (7.34 mEq/kg) and thiobarbituric acid (2.09 mg MDA/kg) in the sausages than in the other samples. In conclusion, the incorporation of EnTPsample as a polyphenol component in cocktail sausages is more advantageous than TP alone.
Advances in Porous Structure Design for Enhanced Piezoelectric and Triboelectric Nanogenerators: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Turar Zhassulan , Sembay Merey , Mubarak Assem , Belgibayeva Ayaulym , Kong Long , Kalimuldina Gulnur
Published: November 2024

Porous structures offer several key advantages in energy harvesting, making them highly effective for enhancing the performance of piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators (PENG and TENG). Their high surface area‐to‐volume ratio improves charge accumulation and electrostatic induction, which are critical for efficient energy conversion. Additionally, their lightweight and flexible nature allows for easy integration into wearable and flexible electronics. These combined properties make porous materials a powerful solution for addressing the efficiency limitations that have traditionally restricted nanogenerators. Recognizing these benefits, this review focuses on the essential role that porous materials play in advancing PENG and TENG technologies. It examines a wide range of porous materials, including aerogels, nano‐porous films, sponges, and 2D materials, explaining how their unique structures contribute to higher energy harvesting efficiency. The review also explores recent breakthroughs in the development of these materials, demonstrating how they overcome performance challenges and open up new possibilities for practical applications. These advancements position porous nanogenerators as strong candidates for use in wearable electronics, smart textiles, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. By exploring these innovations, the review underscores the importance of porous structures in driving the future of energy harvesting technologies.
The Impact of Individual and Team‐Level Variables on Burnout in Healthcare Providers
Authors: Gisick Logan M. , Korentsides Jenna , Keebler Joseph R. , Lazzara Elizabeth H. , Greilich Philip E. , Matulevicius Susan
Published: November 2024

This study evaluates the relationships between individual and team‐level factors in influencing burnout among clinical healthcare providers. Focusing on psychological safety, perceived autonomy, perceived team effectiveness, and emotional intelligence, the research aims to understand how these elements contribute to the prevalence and severity of burnout symptoms. Using electronic questionnaires analyzed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the study sampled 180 healthcare providers from one large US medical center. The study results found that psychological safety significantly decreases levels of burnout, particularly emotional exhaustion. The results on team effectiveness suggest a complex relationship with burnout, with different dimensions having varied impacts. The study did not find support for the negative prediction of burnout by perceived autonomy and emotional intelligence, contrary to expectations based on prior research. These findings have practical implications for healthcare management, stressing the importance of psychological safety and effective team dynamics in reducing burnout. Overall, this study contributes significantly to understanding burnout in healthcare, emphasizing the critical role of team structures and individual emotional resilience in managing workplace well‐being.
The Prognostic Value of Serum Soluble Programmed Death 1 (sPD‐1) and Programmed Death Ligand 1 (sPD‐L1) in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis About Cohort Studies
Authors: Yu Qiyao , Li Jie , Mao Wenjie , Li Zheng , Li Xuan , Li Bin
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

There are still no useful biomarkers for the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In the prognosis of some kinds of cancer, soluble programmed death 1 (sPD‐1) and programmed death ligand 1 (sPD‐L1) have demonstrated statistical significance, but the prognostic value of serum sPD‐L1 and sPD‐1 remains unclear in ESCC.

Methods

Here, a meta‐analysis was performed to estimate the prognostic value of sPD‐L1 and sPD‐1 in ESCC. To obtain eligible studies, we searched mainstream databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang Data, and CNKI), and the survival data including hazard ratios (HR) and its 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) from included literature were extracted.

Results

Six articles were included, including 645 patients with ESCC. The statistical result of this meta‐analysis indicated that serum sPD‐1 had no significant correlation with overall survival (OS) of patients with ESCC (p > 0.05). Patients with ESCC with high concentrations of serum sPD‐L1 demonstrated a significantly poor prognosis (HR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.42–2.11, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Higher levels of serum sPD‐L1 may predict poor OS in ESCC patients, which may be a promising and credible prognostic biomarker for esophageal cancer.
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of Subcutaneous and Intravenous Garadacimab Following Single‐Dose Administration in Healthy Japanese and White Adults
Authors: Glassman Fiona , Lawo John‐Philip , Bica Mihai Alexandru , Roberts Anthony , Pawaskar Dipti , Akama Hideto , Jain Meena , Goodson Summer
Published: November 2024

Garadacimab, an activated factor XII (FXIIa) inhibitor monoclonal antibody, is being evaluated for the long‐term prophylaxis of hereditary angioedema. Here, we report the results from a two‐part, phase 1, open‐label, single ascending dose study assessing the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability after subcutaneous (SC) and intravenous (IV) administration of garadacimab in healthy Japanese and White participants. Part 1 assessed garadacimab PK after SC administration of a 200 mg dose in weight‐matched White and Japanese participants, and 600 mg dose in Japanese participants. Part 2 assessed 3 and 10 mg/kg IV doses in Japanese participants. Follow‐up for safety was over 84 days post‐dose. Overall, 37 participants received garadacimab dosing and 36 completed the study, with one participant lost to follow‐up. Following SC administration, time to maximum plasma concentration (tmax) occurred at 7 days post‐dose, and garadacimab exposure, based on maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC), increased less than 3‐fold when tripling the dose. PK was comparable between Japanese and White participants, with geometric mean ratios for Cmax and AUC close to 100%. Following IV administration, tmax occurred at the end of infusion, and garadacimab exposure increased in a dose‐proportional manner. Inhibition of FXIIa‐mediated kallikrein activity versus baseline was observed in all participants receiving the SC and IV doses. No anti‐drug antibodies against garadacimab were reported. Consistent with pivotal phase 3 (VANGUARD) outcomes, no safety concerns and no difference in the safety profile of garadacimab were observed between healthy Japanese and White participants.
Assessing Association Between Circulating Bilirubin Levels and the Risk of Frailty: An Observational and Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Wu Jun , Xu Jia‐hao , Zou Hao‐qi , Ouyang Yi‐jiang , Li Shang‐jie , Wu Liang , Zhang Jie , Yin Ming‐Juan , Ye Dong‐qing , Ni Jin‐dong
Published: November 2024

Background

Bilirubin is a by‐product of haemoglobin breakdown and has been reported to be a potent antioxidant recently. While elevated levels of bilirubin have been linked to a reduced risk of various diseases, their role remains unknown in frailty. This study aims to explore the relationship between serum bilirubin levels and the risk of frailty.

Methods

This cohort study included 442 223 White British participants (aged 39 to 73 years) with an available frailty index at baseline (2006 to 2010) from the UK Biobank. The associations of total/direct bilirubin levels with the continuous frailty index were analysed by multivariable linear regression, and multivariable logistic regression was used after classifying frailty outcomes into non‐frailty, pre‐frailty and frailty. A Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was applied to evaluate the association of genetically predicted bilirubin levels with frailty risk.

Results

The prevalence rates of both pre‐frailty and frailty were 46.17% and 12.49%, respectively, with higher rates observed in women than in men (pre‐frailty: 47.33% vs. 44.79%, frailty: 13.64% vs. 11.13%, respectively). There was a non‐linear negative association between total bilirubin levels and frailty indexes (p < 0.0001). Mildly elevated total bilirubin levels had protective effects against pre‐frailty (OR = 0.863, 95% CI: 0.849 to 0.879, p < 0.001) and frailty (OR = 0.660, 95% CI: 0.641 to 0.679, p < 0.001). Increased total bilirubin levels were more beneficial for women with frailty risk (percent changes per SD μmol/L = −0.37%, 95% CI: −0.40% to −0.34%). The MR analysis revealed a negative association between genetically predicted total/direct bilirubin levels and frailty risk (both p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Circulating total/direct bilirubin levels were negatively associated with frailty risk in White British individuals. Mildly elevated total bilirubin levels were more beneficial for women subpopulation.
Switching to Tenofovir Therapy Versus Continuation of Entecavir for Patients With Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Shahzil Muhammad , Chaudhary Ammad Javaid , Kashif Talha , Qureshi Ali Akram , Muhammad Anza , Khan Faiza , Faisal Muhammad Saad , Khaqan Muhammad Ali , Ali Hassam , Dababneh Yara , Moonka Dilip
Published: November 2024

Background

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes liver disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma. Controlling viral activity is crucial to reducing complications. Tenofovir may offer benefits over entecavir, but it is unclear if switching from entecavir to tenofovir improves outcomes. This study assesses the clinical impact of switching to tenofovir therapy for chronic HBV infection.

Methods

Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a literature search within the Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus for studies of patients with HBV infection who were switched to tenofovir from entecavir or were maintained on entecavir. Both formulations of tenofovir, that is, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and tenofovir alafenamide were included and analyzed in subgroup analysis. Meta‐analyses were performed with RevMan 5.4 using a random‐effects model, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

Results

A total of eight studies, comprising 833 patients, were included in the meta‐analysis. Tenofovir showed a significantly higher likelihood of achieving complete virological response (RR 5.60; 95% CI 3.51–8.94; p < 0.00001) and a greater reduction in HBV DNA levels (MD −1.03 log IU/mL; 95% CI −1.69 to −0.36; p = 0.002) compared to entecavir. However, there was no significant difference in HBsAg reduction or HBeAg seroconversion between the two groups. ALT reductions were not statistically significant overall, although entecavir showed better outcomes in subgroup analysis.

Conclusion

Switching from entecavir to tenofovir improves virological response and reduces HBV DNA levels, but shows no significant advantage in HBsAg reduction, HBeAg seroconversion, or overall, ALT reduction.
Safety and efficacy of ketamine use in patients with vaso‐occlusive crisis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Calderon Martinez Ernesto , Zachariah Saji Stephin , Campos Carmona Thomas , Abbagoni Vaidarshi , Salman Mohammad , Llerena Vargas Mishell Estefanía , Mylavarapu Suchita , Fernando Druvini , Arvapalli Lakshmi Sheethal , Schettino Samad Nathalia , Karnan Nithin , Sanchez Cruz Camila
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by acute episodes called vaso‐occlusive crises (VOC). VOC is marked by severe pain due to blocked blood vessels by sickled cells. Ketamine has been reported to be effective and safe in managing VOC in SCD patients.

Objectives/methods

This review aims to determine ketamine's safety and efficacy through analysis of clinical trials and observational studies.

Methods

Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review and meta‐analysis systematically searched seven databases on May 20, 2024 for randomized control trials (RCT), cohorts, and case–control studies.

Results

Five studies with 689 participants met the inclusion criteria. A meta‐analysis of two studies (518 observations) for the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) pain score showed no significant difference, with a standardized mean difference (MD) of 0.23 (95% CI: −0.13 to 0.59, p = 0.21, I2 = 0%). For morphine milligram equivalent (MME), a meta‐analysis of two studies (344 observations) resulted in an MD of −0.03 (95% CI: −0.09 to 0.04, p = 0.45, I2 = 97%). However, the side effects analysis from four studies (608 observations) showed a significantly higher relative risk (RR) of 5.74 (95% CI: 2.80–11.79, p < 0.0001, I2 = 0%) for mild side effects, including nausea, vomiting, and dizziness.

Conclusion

Ketamine qualitative synthesis shows potential for improving pain management in SCD patients during VOC, but without statistically significant differences in pain reduction. It is associated with increased mild side effects, though no severe adverse events were reported. Further research is needed to increase the sample size and power of the analysis to clarify optimal dosing and administration protocols for ketamine in this context.
Epidemiology and economic burden of Wilson disease in France: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Fang Shona , Furegato Martina , Azzi Jessica , Couchonnal‐Bedoya Eduardo , Debray Dominique
Published: November 2024

Wilson disease (WD) is a rare inherited copper metabolism disorder characterized by progressive pathological deposition of copper, primarily in the liver and brain. This longitudinal retrospective study conducted using the French national claims (Système National des Données de Santé [SNDS]) database assessed WD prevalence in France, described patients' characterizations and healthcare resource use and associated costs. Patients with WD were identified from SNDS using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code E83.0 for copper metabolism disorder or a long‐term disease (affection de longue durée [ALD]) associated with this code between 2010 and 2019. Patients were categorized into hepatic, neurological, and psychiatric sub‐cohorts. We identified 2287 patients with WD yielding a crude prevalence of 1 case per 33 898 individuals in 2019. The mean age at inclusion was 39.9 (standard deviation [SD] 22.8) years, 11 years more than that of the incident cohort (28.6, SD 20.3) identified via ALD, and 1180 (51.6%) patients were male. The crude mortality was 3.2% (in total 370 patients died). Overall, 1011 (44.2%), 754 (33.0%), and 414 (18.1%) patients experienced hepatic, neurological, and psychiatric manifestations, respectively. In total, 922 (40.3%) patients were reimbursed for WD‐specific treatment, the most common being D‐penicillamine (74.8%), and 201 (8.8%) underwent liver transplantation. The average annual hospitalization cost per patient was 4273.7€ (SD 11916.0). At least one sick leave was reported for 533 (23.3%) patients, with an annual average cost of 788.7€ (SD 1328.6). Our findings provide an updated understanding of the prevalence of WD, and indicate a considerable level of morbidity in this population, as well as a high level of direct/indirect costs associated with WD.
Prospective association between food protein‐induced allergic proctocolitis in infancy and constipation after age 3
Authors: Marget Michael , Baker Corey , O'Connell Isabel , Shreffler Wayne G. , Yuan Qian , Martin Victoria M.
Published: November 2024

We sought to prospectively evaluate whether food protein‐induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) during infancy is associated with increased constipation later in childhood. Using the Gastrointestinal Microbiome and Allergic Proctocolitis (GMAP) cohort, we reviewed charts of children with prospective parent‐reported constipation after age 3 to confirm the diagnosis of constipation. A diagnosis of FPIAP was based on pediatrician diagnosis and required guaiac‐positive or grossly bloody stools, as previously published. Three hundred and seventy‐five subjects had sufficient data for these analyses. Subjects with FPIAP had more than two times the odds of developing constipation after age 3 compared to subjects without (odds ratio [OR]: 2.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.42–4.74], p = 0.002). The use of stimulant laxatives was also higher in children with FPIAP (OR: 4.68, 95% CI: [1.47–16.04], p = 0.01). FPIAP was prospectively associated with the later development of constipation after age 3. This may suggest shared underlying pathogenesis, resultant heightened visceral hypersensitivity, and/or intestinal dysbiosis, all warranting further study.
Magnetoplasmonic Gratings Induced an Unusual Magneto‐Optical Kerr Effect at Optical Frequencies
Authors: Cheng Tong‐Huai , Yang Weihao , Sun Shixin , Liu Zhaochao , Yu Feng Hua , Qin Jun , Bi Lei , Luo Feng
Published: November 2024

Transverse magneto‐optical Kerr effect (TMOKE) has attracted much attention due to its widespread application in nonreciprocal photon and sensing devices. The vast majority of studies related to TMOKE are mainly focused on p‐polarized incidence as a result of the stereotype that only p‐polarized incidence can generate TMOKE in conventional magnetic materials. Thanks to the powerful ability of metamaterials to regulate light, in recent years, the TMOKE under s‐polarized incidence is explored and observed successfully. Nevertheless, different from the universality and high amplitude of p‐polarized TMOKE, the excitation of s‐polarized TMOKE is pretty rare, and the peak values of s‐polarized TMOKE in the reported research are really weak, which limits its application potential to a large extent. Here, the iron‐based grating structure is proposed that excites surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and then causes the highest peak value of s‐polarized TMOKE at optical frequencies to date, which is seven orders of magnitude higher than that of the planar Fe film. Besides, its refractive index sensitivity reaches up to 685 nm RIU−1. The work broadens the design path of s‐polarized TMOKE as a promising candidate to promote the development of novel magnetoplasmonic sensors and nonreciprocal photon devices.
Enhancing creep rupture life prediction of high‐temperature titanium alloys using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Zong Bangtan , Li Jinshan , Zhou Changlu , Wang Ping , Tang Bin , Yuan Ruihao
Published: November 2024

Prediction of creep rupture life of high‐temperature titanium alloys is crucial for their practical applications. The efficient representations (features) of the information encoded in the data are essential to achieve an accurate prediction model. Here, using convolutional neural networks (CNN) enhanced features, we obtain largely improved prediction models for creep rupture life. Comparison of CNN‐based features with the original features in describing different samples reveals that the former, by assigning more individualized labels, outperforms the latter and underpins improved prediction models. This work suggests that beyond images, CNN is also suitable for numerical data to obtain enhanced features and surrogate models.
A 26.5–29.5‐GHz Current‐Reused Low Noise Amplifier With Optimized Gate Bias and Flat‐Gain Matching Techniques for 5G Communication
Authors: Wang Hao , Huang Tongde , Hu Ziyi , Cao Hanzhang , Jin Jin , Tao Hongqi , Wu Wen
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a Ka‐band flat‐gain low‐noise amplifier (LNA) in 65‐nm CMOS technology. An optimized gate bias technique is utilized for comprehensive optimization among noise figure (NF), input 1 dB compression point (IP1dB), and power consumption. Then a current‐reused technique is used to further reduce power consumption, and an inductor is inserted in the current‐reused DC path to improve the circuit's common mode stability. The interstage and output magnetic‐coupled resonator (MCR) matching network with individual pole manipulation is optimized to achieve an enhanced gain flatness. From the measurement results, S21 of 14.8–15.5 dB is achieved from 26.5 to 29.5 GHz, with a gain ripple of 0.7 dB. Measured NF varies from 2.85 to 3.3 dB, with the lowest NF at 27.5 GHz. The measured IP1dB at 28 GHz has achieved as high as −12.5 dBm. The whole LNA consumes 6.8 mW under a 1‐V supply, achieving a high FoM of 25.31 Hz in dB (dBHz). The fabricated LNA occupies a core area of 0.1 mm2.
Value Co‐Creation in a Social Purpose Institution: The Case of the Dynamo Camp Art Factory—Between Art Therapy and Artification
Authors: Ostillio Maria Carmela , Carù Antonella
Published: November 2024

This study explores artification in nonprofit organizations, specifically focusing on the use of the arts to enhance the well‐being of users. By examining how nonprofit institutions integrate artistic practices into their programs, the research highlights the potential for art to serve as a tool for promoting emotional, mental, and social well‐being among diverse populations. Moreover, the impact of art therapy on various stakeholders (e.g., artists and/or art dealers) within nonprofit health and social service organizations and the art market in general remains understudied. Therefore, this study examines the case of the Dynamo Camp Art Factory and the complex system of relationships between the various stakeholders to understand the benefits of art therapy and the related artification process. Our findings show that through the involvement of artists in art therapy, value co‐creation activities have a cultural and economic impact far beyond the therapeutic effect.
A Framework for Understanding the Impacts of Thaw‐Driven Disturbance Regimes on Northern Lakes
Authors: Thienpont Joshua R. , O'Hagan Claire , Kokelj Steven V. , Hoskin Grace N. , Pisaric Michael F. J. , Smol John P. , Stewart Emily , Korosi Jennifer B.
Published: November 2024

The impacts of permafrost thaw do not manifest uniformly across the Arctic, and this presents challenges for predicting how permafrost‐affected lakes will respond to climate change. Here, we leveraged long‐term field data collection and studies of a particular permafrost lake type (predisposed to thaw slump disturbance) in the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands region to develop a conceptual model that can shed light on, and facilitate further testing of, lake ecosystem impacts associated with polycyclic shoreline retrogressive thaw slumps. To inform the development of the model, we compared regional changes in slump activity and lake water quality variables known to be impacted by slumping between 2005 and 2017, and showed that the timeline to recovery in lake dissolved organic carbon (DOC) following slump stabilization was longer than the time between cycles of slump growth, stabilization, and re‐initiation in most lakes. We also analyzed geochemical changes in sediment cores that incorporated the last several hundred years of history in 18 lakes that spanned a gradient in thaw slump disturbance, as well as a core dating back to ca. 1365 CE in a lake with an ancient slump. Results indicate that sediment geochemical changes were most pronounced at the initial onset of slumping, with only muted changes in sediment characteristics upon slump growth or re‐initiation. Our conceptual model can guide future investigations into the extent to which lakes with polycyclic slumps are predisposed to, or buffered against, significant limnological changes under anthropogenic climate warming. While our model is specific to lake systems in ice‐cored morainal terrain impacted by retrogressive thaw slumping, similar approaches would be highly useful for understanding ecosystem response under a range of permafrost disturbance categories.
Ensemble size dependence of the logarithmic score for forecasts issued as multivariate normal distributions
Authors: Leutbecher Martin , Baran Sándor
Published: November 2024

Multivariate probabilistic verification is concerned with the evaluation of joint probability distributions of vector quantities such as a weather variable at multiple locations or a wind vector for instance. The logarithmic score (also known as ignorance score) is a proper score that is useful in this context. In order to apply the logarithmic score to ensemble forecasts, a choice for the density is required. Here, we are interested in the specific case when the density is multivariate normal with mean and covariance given by the ensemble mean and ensemble covariance respectively. Under the assumptions of multivariate normality and exchangeability of the ensemble members, a relationship is derived that describes how the logarithmic score depends on ensemble size. It permits one to estimate the score in the limit of infinite ensemble size from a small ensemble and thus produces a fair logarithmic score for multivariate ensemble forecasts under the assumption of normality. This generalises a study from 2018 that derived the ensemble size adjustment of the logarithmic score in the univariate case. An application to medium‐range forecasts examines the usefulness of the ensemble size adjustments when multivariate normality is only an approximation. Predictions of vectors consisting of several different combinations of upper air variables are considered. Logarithmic scores are calculated for these vectors using ECMWF's daily extended‐range forecasts, which consist of a 100‐member ensemble. The probabilistic forecasts of these vectors are verified against operational European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses in the northern midlatitudes in autumn 2023. Scores are computed for ensemble sizes from 8 to 100. The fair logarithmic scores of ensembles with different cardinalities are very close, in contrast to the unadjusted scores, which decrease considerably with ensemble size. This provides evidence for the practical usefulness of the relationships derived.
Guaranteed Disturbance Compensation and Robust Fault Detection Based on Zonotopic Evaluation
Authors: Fu Shui , Wang Rui , Tang Wentao , Sun Xi‐Ming
Published: November 2024

In the context of model‐based fault detection, it is crucial to achieve strong robustness against disturbance and noise. However, the existing robust fault detection methods typically address disturbance and noise in a centralized manner to enhance robustness, which may cause some conservatism since the dynamic characteristics of disturbance and noise are considerably different. In addition, most of the existing model‐based fault detection method is implemented with constant thresholds, which may further introduce conservatism. In this context, this paper proposes a guaranteed disturbance compensation and robust fault detection method based on zonotopic evaluation for the discrete‐time systems subject to unknown but bounded disturbance and noise. To this end, a disturbance compensation controller is developed based on technology to obtain guaranteed control performance. Moreover, the control performances with or without disturbance compensation are analyzed based on zonotopes. By considering the disturbance dynamic characteristics, an extended fault detection observer (EFDO) is created to pursue robustness to disturbance, noise, and sensitivity to fault simultaneously. Meanwhile, a multi‐objective EFDO is devised by exploiting the index and index as the criteria within the finite‐frequency domain. Furthermore, the zonotopic residual evaluation is further deployed to generate the residual boundary, which helps to reduce the conservatism of fault detection. The superiority of the proposed method is theoretically analyzed. Simulation results also validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in disturbance compensation fault detection.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Evaluation of Some New Thiazole‐Schiff Base Derivatives
Authors: Cenik Yıldız Atalay , Sarıgüney Ahmet Burak , Erci Fatih , Coşkun Ahmet
Published: November 2024

It is well known that antimicrobial resistance poses a major threat to human health worldwide. For this reason, it is important to obtain new compounds to combat microbial pathogens. Because of this, in this study, some thiazole‐Schiff base derivatives were synthesized, and characterized by spectroscopic techniques, and their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties evaluated. Antimicrobial activities were assessed using the broth microdilution method and expressed as a minimum inhibitory concentration against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. From these compounds, compounds (8) and (9) demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity. Also, compound (5) showed the strongest antioxidant activity. According to us, the synthesis of new thiazole‐Schiff‐based molecules and evaluation of their antimicrobial effects are important in the development of new drugs.
BaTiO3/I@g‐C3N4 Z‐Scheme Heterojunctions With Superior Charge Transfer for Efficient Photocatalytic Antibiotic Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Kumar Amit , Sharma Pankaj , Wang Tongtong , Sharma Gaurav , Dhiman Pooja , Verma Akshay , Shi Hui
Published: November 2024

Exploring heterojunction formation between conjugated organic polymer and metal‐based semiconductors with promoted charge transfer and efficient spatial charge separation has proven to be quite successful in reinforcing photocatalytic wastewater treatment. Focusing on the removal of sulfonamide antibiotics from water, herein, we report BaTiO3/I@g‐C3N4 Z‐scheme heterojunction photocatalyst for degradation of sulfamethazine (SMZ) pollutant. The optimized heterojunction 25ICN/BT exhibits superior 94.5% removal of SMZ in 90 min, which is nearly 11 and 5 times faster than BT and pristine I@g‐C3N4 under visible light. The good repeatability of 25BT/ICN was proved by four‐cycle experiments. The remarkable improvement in photocatalytic activity was due to effective Z‐scheme transfer, diminished recombination, high charge transfer capacity, and redox capability. This was ascertained by electrochemical experiments and photoluminescence measurements. Furthermore, the degradation intermediates formed during the photocatalytic oxidation of SMZ were detected via liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and a suitable degradation pathway was suggested. The heterojunctions showed excellent performance in river, lake, and tap water and for other antibiotic pollutants. The radical quenching experiments and band structure analysis inferred •O2− radicals as main active species. This work lays down new perspectives on hierarchical heterostructures for the superior removal of noxious antibiotic contaminants.
Synchronization of E. coli Bacteria Moving in Coupled Microwells
Authors: Japaridze Aleksandre , Struijk Victor , Swamy Kushal , Rosłoń Ireneusz , Shoshani Oriel , Dekker Cees , Alijani Farbod
Published: November 2024

Synchronization plays a crucial role in the dynamics of living organisms. Uncovering the mechanism behind it requires an understanding of individual biological oscillators and the coupling forces between them. Here, a single‐cell assay is developed that studies rhythmic behavior in the motility of E. coli cells that can be mutually synchronized. Circular microcavities are used to isolate E. coli cells that swim along the cavity wall, resulting in self‐sustained oscillations. Connecting these cavities by microchannels yields synchronization patterns with phase slips. It is demonstrated that the coordinated movement observed in coupled E. coli oscillators follows mathematical rules of synchronization which is used to quantify the coupling strength. These findings advance the understanding of motility in confinement, and open up new opportunities for engineering networks of coupled oscillators in microbial active matter.
Engineering 2D Materials from Single‐Layer NbS2
Authors: Knispel Timo , Mohrenstecher Daniela , Speckmann Carsten , Safeer Affan , van Efferen Camiel , Boix Virgínia , Grüneis Alexander , Jolie Wouter , Preobrajenski Alexei , Knudsen Jan , Atodiresei Nicolae , Michely Thomas , Fischer Jeison
Published: November 2024

Starting from a single layer of NbS2 grown on graphene by molecular beam epitaxy, the single unit cell thick 2D materials Nb5/3S3‐2D and Nb2S3‐2D are created using two different pathways. Either annealing under sulfur‐deficient conditions at progressively higher temperatures or deposition of increasing amounts of Nb at elevated temperature result in phase‐pure Nb5/3S3‐2D followed by Nb2S3‐2D. The materials are characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy, scanning tunneling spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy. The experimental assessment combined with systematic density functional theory calculations reveals their structure. The 2D materials are covalently bound without any van der Waals gap. Their stacking sequence and structure are at variance with expectations based on corresponding bulk materials highlighting the importance of surface and interface effects in structure formation.
Effects of Temperature and Time on the Diffusion Bonding of 316L Stainless Steel and H13 Hot Work Tool Steel
Authors: Aydın Kemal , Yıldırım Mehmet Serkan , Kaya Yakup
Published: November 2024

This study examines the diffusion bonding of 316 L stainless steel and H13 hot work tool steel, aiming to optimize process parameters and assess the resulting microstructural and mechanical properties. Both materials were bonded at varying temperatures (700, 750, and 850 °C) and times (15, 30, and 60 min). The joints are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) to evaluate interfacial morphology, chemical composition, and phase formation. Microhardness measurements indicate an increase in hardness from the 316 L side to the H13 side, suggesting intermetallic phase formation. Shear strength tests show the highest strength at 850 °C for 30 min, with longer times leading to strength reduction due to brittle intermetallic compounds. SEM analysis reveals improved bonding interfaces with fewer voids at higher temperatures and longer times, but the Kirkendall effect causes void formation, negatively impacting mechanical properties. XRD confirms α‐Fe and γ‐Ni phases, with Fe3C forming at 850 °C for 60 min. This study underscores the importance of process parameters in optimizing joint properties and minimizing brittle phase formation, providing insights for industrial applications requiring robust and corrosion‐resistant joints.