bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The genetic architecture of appendicular lean mass characterized by association analysis in the UK Biobank study
Authors: Pei Yu-Fang , Liu Yao-Zhong , Yang Xiao-Lin , Zhang Hong , Feng Gui-Juan , Wei Xin-Tong , Zhang Lei
Published: October 2020

Appendicular lean mass (ALM) is a heritable trait associated with loss of lean muscle mass and strength, or sarcopenia, but its genetic determinants are largely unknown. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 450,243 UK Biobank participants to uncover its genetic architecture. A total of 1059 conditionally independent variants from 799 loci were identified at the genome-wide significance level (p < 5 × 10−9), all of which were also significant at p < 5 × 10–5 in both sexes. These variants explained ~15.5% of the phenotypic variance, accounting for more than one quarter of the total ~50% GWAS-attributable heritability. There was no difference in genetic effect between sexes or among different age strata. Heritability was enriched in certain functional categories, such as conserved and coding regions, and in tissues related to the musculoskeletal system. Polygenic risk score prediction well distinguished participants with high and low ALM. The findings are important not only for lean mass but also for other complex diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, as ALM is shown to be a protective factor for type 2 diabetes.
A cell cycle-dependent CRISPR-Cas9 activation system based on an anti-CRISPR protein shows improved genome editing accuracy
Authors: Matsumoto Daisuke , Tamamura Hirokazu , Nomura Wataru
Published: October 2020

The development of genome editing systems based on the Cas9 endonuclease has greatly facilitated gene knockouts and targeted genetic alterations. Precise editing of target genes without off-target effects is crucial to prevent adverse effects in clinical applications. Although several methods have been reported to result in less off-target effects associated with the CRISPR technology, these often exhibit lower editing efficiency. Therefore, efficient, accurate, and innocuous CRISPR technology is still required. Anti-CRISPR proteins are natural inhibitors of CRISPR-Cas systems derived from bacteriophages. Here, the anti-CRISPR protein, AcrIIA4, was fused with the N terminal region of human Cdt1 that is degraded specifically in S and G2, the phases of the cell cycle when homology-directed repair (HDR) is dominant. Co-expression of SpyCas9 and AcrIIA4-Cdt1 not only increases the frequency of HDR but also suppress off-targets effects. Thus, the combination of SpyCas9 and AcrIIA4-Cdt1 is a cell cycle-dependent Cas9 activation system for accurate and efficient genome editing.
A photothermally-induced HClO-releasing nanoplatform for imaging-guided tumor ablation and bacterial prevention
Authors: Zhao Menglong , Feng Wei , Li Chang , Xiu Weijun , Li Mingdang , Liu Shujuan , Wang Lianhui , Huang Wei , Zhao Qiang
Published: October 2020

Thermally-sensitive liposome nanoplatform (Lipo-B-TCCA) with PTT and HClO-generating effect was used for imaging-guided tumor ablation and bacterial prevention.
Excellent thermoelectric properties of monolayer RbAgM (M = Se and Te): first-principles calculations
Authors: Gu Jinjie , Qu Xilong
Published: October 2020

The RbAgM monolayers are promising candidates for TE applications.
Zirconium and hafnium polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane complexes – green homogeneous catalysts in the formation of bio-derived ethers via a MPV/etherification reaction cascade
Authors: Garg Shipra , Unruh Daniel K. , Krempner Clemens
Published: October 2020

Newly designed POSS supported zirconium and hafnium isopropoxides are robust, durable and selective homogeneous catalysts for the conversion of hydroxymethylfurfural to bis(isopropoxymethyl)furane via MPV/etherification reaction with isopropanol as a green solvent/reagent.
Structure and synthesis of copper-based Schiff base and reduced Schiff base complexes: a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of biomimetic catalytic activity
Authors: Mandal Arnab , Sarkar Abani , Adhikary Amit , Samanta Debabrata , Das Debasis
Published: October 2020

A DFT-based mechanistic study of phosphatase and phenoxazine synthase activities of Schiff base and reduced Schiff base complexes.
Uranyl oxide hydrate frameworks with lanthanide ions
Authors: Lu Kimbal T. , Zhang Yingjie , Aughterson Robert D. , Zheng Rongkun
Published: October 2020

The first two uranyl oxide hydrate frameworks incorporating lanthanide ions (Ln = Eu3+/Gd3+) have been synthesized hydrothermally and characterized.
Chelated Fischer carbene complexes of annulated thiophenes: synthesis, structure and electrochemistry
Authors: Lamprecht Zandria , Malan Frederick P. , Fernández Israel , Lotz Simon , Bezuidenhout Daniela I.
Published: October 2020

The effect of curved or linear band annulated thiophene structures of chelated carbene complexes on conjugation pathways and electronic properties.
Zero valent iron complexes as base partners in frustrated Lewis pair chemistry
Authors: Tinnermann Hendrik , Fraser Craig , Young Rowan D.
Published: October 2020

The prototypical iron(0) complex [Fe(CO)3(PMe3)2] (1) forms a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) with B(C6F5)3 (BCF).
Surface functionalized nanoscale metal oxides for arsenic(v), chromium(vi), and uranium(vi) sorption: considering single- and multi-sorbate dynamics
Authors: Kim Changwoo , Lee Seung Soo , Kwan Kit Tan , Lee Junseok , Li Wenlu , Lafferty Brandon J. , Giammar Daniel E. , Fortner John D.
Published: October 2020

This work evaluates single- and multi-sorbate systems, focusing on competitive and/or cooperative effects, exploring monodisperse, metal oxide (MnFe2O4, Fe3O4, or MnxOy) nanocrystals with CTAB (net positive) or OP (net negative) coating(s).
Adding ferrous ions improved the performance of contaminant removal from low C/N coastal wastewater in constructed wetlands
Authors: Zhimiao Zhao , Zhufang Wang , Mengyu Cheng , Xinshan Song , Mengqi Cheng , Yinjiang Zhang
Published: October 2020

Contaminants in coastal wastewater are prone to induce red tide in sea water and cannot be removed with traditional biological and ecological treatment methods due to salt stress.
Antibacterial green tea catechins from a molecular perspective: mechanisms of action and structure–activity relationships
Authors: Renzetti Andrea , Betts Jonathan W. , Fukumoto Kozo , Rutherford Ryan Noboru
Published: October 2020

This review summarizes the mechanisms of antibacterial action of green tea catechins, discussing the structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies for each mechanism.
Controlled sulfation of poly(vinyl alcohol) for biological and technical applications using response surface methodology
Authors: Solhi Laleh , Sun He Song , Daswani Sailesh Haresh , Springate Christopher M. K. , Brumer Harry
Published: October 2020

Sulfated poly(vinyl alcohol) has diverse applications in chemistry and biology. Here, design-of-experiments methodology was used to produce SPVA variants with controlled degrees-of-sulfation as potential fucoidan mimics.
Integration of 3D nanographene into mesoporous germanium
Authors: Sauze Stéphanie , Aziziyan Mohammad Reza , Brault Pascal , Kolhatkar Gitanjali , Ruediger Andreas , Korinek Andreas , Machon Denis , Arès Richard , Boucherif Abderraouf
Published: October 2020

Integration of nanographene in a 3D mesoporous structure of germanium. This opens a wide variety of applications requiring a high specific surface area.
A formal [3 + 2] annulation reaction of propargyl sulfonium compounds and N-ylides: access to pyrrolo[2,1-a]quinolines, pyrrolo[2,1-a]phthalazines and indolizines
Authors: Zheng Jing , He Xiaojie , Xu Hong , Liu Hua , Yang Weiran
Published: October 2020

We have synthesized a series of pyrrolo[2,1-a]quinolines, pyrrolo[2,1-a]phthalazines, and indolizines via a sequential [3 + 2] annulation of prop-2-ynylsulfonium salt and N-ylides.
Exploring the synthetic potential of a marine transaminase including discrimination at a remote stereocentre
Authors: Schwarz Maria , Murphy Edel J. , Foley Aoife M. , Woods David F. , Castilla Ignacio Abreu , Reen F. Jerry , Collins Stuart G. , O'Gara Fergal , Maguire Anita R.
Published: October 2020

Transamination from 1-aminotetralins and 1-aminoindanes with differentiation of stereochemistry at both the site of reaction and at a remote stereocentre.
A facile access to N-sulfonylthioimidates and their use for the transformation to 3,4-dihydroquinazolines
Authors: Wu Jia-Yu , Liao Wei-Jr , Lin Xiu-Yi , Liang Chien-Fu
Published: October 2020

N-sulfonylthioimidates can be synthesized via terminal alkynes, sulfonyl azide, and thiols using a copper catalyst in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine. Subsequently, it can be transformed to crucial pharmacophores of 3,4-dihydroquinazoline.
Unraveling the gallol-driven assembly mechanism of thermoreversible supramolecular hydrogels inspired by ascidians
Authors: Wolfel Alexis , Euti Esteban M. , Picchio Matías L. , Romero Marcelo R. , Galván Josa Victor M. , Martinelli Marisa , Minari Roque J. , Alvarez Igarzabal Cecilia I.
Published: October 2020

Gallic acid, a small polyphenolic compound with strong hydrogen-bonding ability, is studied as a dynamic crosslinker of poly(vinyl alcohol) for preparing thermosensitive hydrogels. Furthermore, insights about the involved mechanism are shown.
FeCo nanoalloys embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets/bamboo-like carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Song Xiao-Wei , Zhang Shuwei , Zhong Haihong , Gao Yuan , Estudillo-Wong Luis A. , Alonso-Vante Nicolas , Shu Xin , Feng Yongjun
Published: October 2020

Herein, FeCo bimetallic organic frameworks (MOFs) with different compositions were fabricated by controlling the initial molar ratio of Fe3+/Co2+ ions.
Cu2−xS nanocrystal synthesis: a chemical toolbox for controlling nanocrystal geometry, phase and plasmonic behavior
Authors: Giancaspro Mariangela , Sibillano Teresa , Panzarea Francesca , Giannini Cinzia , Schmitzer Silvia , Vischio Fabio , Depalo Nicoletta , Agostiano Angela , Curri M. Lucia , Striccoli Marinella , Fanizza Elisabetta
Published: October 2020

Effective chemical toolbox for the modulation of Cu2−xS nanocrystal geometry, phase and plasmonic behavior towards the production of uniform NCs.
Quantitative absorption imaging of red blood cells to determine physical and mechanical properties
Authors: Paul Ratul , Zhou Yuyuan , Nikfar Mehdi , Razizadeh Meghdad , Liu Yaling
Published: October 2020

The constant thickness in the microfluidic channel is used for controlled absorption of red and blue light to measure red blood cell hemoglobin and height mapping. High speed recording of the height mapping provides us the membrane fluctuation.
Impact of benzannulation on ESIPT in 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)-oxazoles: a unified perspective in terms of excited-state aromaticity and intramolecular charge transfer
Authors: Mena Leandro D. , Vera D. M. A. , Baumgartner María T.
Published: October 2020

Benzannulation of a typical fluorophore reveals the interplay between ESIPT, excited-state aromaticity and intramolecular charge transfer.
Ionic magnetic core–shell nanoparticles for DNA extraction
Authors: Ali Tammar Hussein , Mandal Amar Mousa , Heidelberg Thorsten , Duali Hussen Rusnah Syahila , Goh Ean Wai
Published: October 2020

The fabrication ionic magnetic core-shell nanoparticles were simple synthesize with a super-ferromagnetic and small particle size properties, which enabled sufficient DNA particle loading with easy isolation based on an external magnetic field.
Facile synthesis of SnO2shell followed by microwave treatment for high environmental stability of Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Baranowska-Korczyc Anna , Mackiewicz Ewelina , Ranoszek-Soliwoda Katarzyna , Grobelny Jarosław , Celichowski Grzegorz
Published: October 2020

This study describes a new method for passivating Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) with SnO2layer and their further treatment by microwave irradiation.
Multi-spectroscopic monitoring of molecular interactions between an amino acid-functionalized ionic liquid and potential anti-Alzheimer's drugs
Authors: Sharma Srishti , Banjare Manoj Kumar , Singh Namrata , Korábečný Jan , Kuča Kamil , Ghosh Kallol K.
Published: October 2020

Ionic liquids mediated interactions are an expedient approach that exhibit inhibition effect on amyloid fibrils which is beneficial for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Microdroplet synthesis of azo compounds with simple microfluidics-based pH control
Authors: Tanaka Daiki , Sawai Shunsuke , Hattori Shohei , Nozaki Yoshito , Yoon Dong Hyun , Fujita Hiroyuki , Sekiguchi Tetsushi , Akitsu Takashiro , Shoji Shuichi
Published: October 2020

Conventional solution-phase synthesis of azo compounds is complicated by the need for precise pH and temperature control, high concentrations of pH control reagents, and by-product removal. The microdroplet synthesis method has solved these problems.
pH-Sensitive magnetite mesoporous silica nanocomposites for controlled drug delivery and hyperthermia
Authors: Keshavarz Hasan , Khavandi Alireza , Alamolhoda Somaye , Naimi-Jamal M. Reza
Published: October 2020

Magnetite mesoporous silica nanoparticles coated with chitosan for simulanious hypertherima and chemotherapy.
Silver ion-doped CdTe quantum dots as fluorescent probe for Hg2+ detection
Authors: Li Huazheng , Lu Wangwei , Zhao Gaoling , Song Bin , Zhou Jing , Dong Weixia , Han Gaorong
Published: October 2020

Ag-doped CdTe QDs emit multiple-fluorescence peaks, and the relationship between fluorescence intensity and the concentration of Hg2+ is established. Two linear relationships are obtained, which is benefit to the extension of detection range.
Diagnosis and prognosis for exercise-induced muscle injuries: from conventional imaging to emerging point-of-care testing
Authors: Tang Deding , Hu Jie , Liu Hao , Li Zedong , Shi Qiang , Zhao Guoxu , Gao Bin , Lou Jiatao , Yao Chunyan , Xu Feng
Published: October 2020

The significant increase of people who join in sport exercises brings significantly increasing exercise-induced muscle injuries, making timely diagnosis and prognosis of muscle injuries important for recovery.
Wide bandgap semiconductor-based novel nanohybrid for potential antibacterial activity: ultrafast spectroscopy and computational studies
Authors: Hasan Md. Nur , Maji Tuhin Kumar , Pal Uttam , Bera Arpan , Bagchi Damayanti , Halder Animesh , Ahmed Saleh A. , Al-Fahemi Jabir H. , Bawazeer Tahani M. , Saha-Dasgupta Tanusri , Pal Samir Kumar
Published: October 2020

The properties of nanomaterials generated by external stimuli are considered an innovative and promising replacement for the annihilation of bacterial infectious diseases.
Influence of micro/nanobubbles on clogging in drip irrigation systems
Authors: Li Hao , Li Hong , Han Qibiao , Huang Xiuqiao , Jiang Yue , Sun Hao , Li Hui
Published: October 2020

Drip emitter clogging is closely related to the presence of particulate matter, nutrients, organic matter and microorganisms in irrigation water and severely restricts the performance, service life and popularization of drip irrigation systems.
Natural iron embedded hierarchically porous carbon with thin–thickness and high-efficiency microwave absorption properties
Authors: Zhang Can , Zhao Kuihu , Li Xueai , Dong Wenqi , Wang Sufeng , Zhou Yunchun , Wang Haiyan
Published: October 2020

Natural iron embedded HPCs are prepared using “reductive activation” with KOH for the first time, and exhibit excellent microwave absorption.
Synthesis and stereocomplex formation of enantiomeric alternating copolymers with two types of chiral centers, poly(lactic acid-alt-2-hydroxybutanoic acid)s
Authors: Tsuji Hideto , Nakayama Kazuya , Arakawa Yuki
Published: October 2020

Stereocomplex formation was reported for alternating copolymers of chiral α-substituted 2-hydroxyalkanoic acids which can be utilized for preparation of biodegradable materials with a variety of physical properties and biodegradability.
Variation in surface properties, metabolic capping, and antibacterial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles: comparison of bio-fabrication potential in phytohormone-regulated cell cultures and naturally grown plants
Authors: Khan Tariq , Ali Gul Shad
Published: October 2020

We compared surface properties, metabolic capping and antibacterial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles, synthesized through extracts of cell cultures of Fagonia indica and its naturally grown form.
Exploring conformational preferences of proteins: ionic liquid effects on the energy landscape of avidin
Authors: Shmool Talia A. , Martin Laura K. , Clarke Coby J. , Bui-Le Liem , Polizzi Karen M. , Hallett Jason P.
Published: October 2020

Revealing solvent and temperature induced conformational transitions of proteins and the role of ion–protein interactions in determining the conformational preferences of avidin in ionic liquids.
Driving force balance—the “identity card” of supramolecules in a self-sorting multicomponent assembly system
Authors: Chen Si , Zhou Likang , An Zhihang , He Huiwen , Ma Meng , Shi Yanqin , Wang Xu
Published: October 2020

The weight and the balloon represent two driving forces, and different spatial shapes lead to different driving force balances and, finally, self-sorting.
Enhancing surface oxygen retention through theory-guided doping selection in Li1−xNiO2 for next-generation lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Cheng Jianli , Mu Linqin , Wang Chunyang , Yang Zhijie , Xin Huolin L. , Lin Feng , Persson Kristin A.
Published: October 2020

Using a collaborated in silico and experimental approach, we designed Sb-doped LiNiO2 with improved surface oxygen retention and electrochemical performance.
Hardwood versus softwood Kraft lignin – precursor-product relationships in the manufacture of porous carbon nanofibers for supercapacitors
Authors: Schlee Philipp , Hosseinaei Omid , O' Keefe Christopher A. , Mostazo-López María José , Cazorla-Amorós Diego , Herou Servann , Tomani Per , Grey Clare P. , Titirici Maria-Magdalena
Published: October 2020

The effect of different side chain linkages and stabilization temperatures on the micro- and mesoporosity of electrospun carbon nanofibers.
In situ formed VOOH nanosheet arrays anchored on a Ti3C2Tx MXene as a highly efficient and robust synergistic electrocatalyst for boosting water oxidation and reduction
Authors: Yan Liang , Chen Xuanwei , Liu Xiaojun , Chen Liping , Zhang Bing
Published: October 2020

A novel VOOH/Ti3C2Tx MXene heterostructure was synthesized; it delivered enhanced electrocatalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction.
Innate immune activation by conditioned medium of cancer cells following combined phototherapy with photosensitizer-loaded gold nanorods
Authors: Kang Malvin Wei Cherng , Liu Haiyan , Kah James Chen Yong
Published: October 2020

Nanoparticle-based phototherapy has evolved to include immunotherapy as an effective treatment combination for cancers through inducing anti-cancer immune activation leading to downstream adaptive responses and immune protection.
A facile and rapid approach to synthesize uric acid-capped Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots for the sensitive determination of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol both on surfaces and in solution
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Xiaodan , Cao Haiyan , Huang Yuming
Published: October 2020

The UA@Ti3C2 QDs with blue light emission were synthesized by a simple and green microwave-assisted method, and used as a sensitive and selective probe for the detection of TNP both on surfaces and in solution.
Scalable fabrication of flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors based on occluded microstructures for subtle pressure and force waveform detection
Authors: Li Wu-Di , Pu Jun-Hong , Zhao Xing , Jia Jin , Ke Kai , Bao Rui-Ying , Liu Zheng-Ying , Yang Ming-Bo , Yang Wei
Published: October 2020

Scalable fabrication of flexible PDMS/CNS pressure sensors with occluded microstructures were achieved by a simple, low-cost and eco-friendly manufacturing process.
CFAR detection algorithm for objects in sonar images
Authors: Abu Avi , Diamant Roee
Published: October 2020

The authors introduce a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection algorithm, called K‐CFAR, for automatic detection of underwater objects in sonar imagery. The K‐CFAR adopts the K ‐distribution as a statistical model of the background. An efficient closed‐form estimator for the K ‐distribution parameters is derived by the second‐order approximation of the Polygamma function without involving a numerical iterative solution. A closed‐form expression for the CFAR detection threshold is obtained by exploiting the first‐order Laguerre approximation of the K ‐distribution. Then, to increase the probability of detection, a non‐CFAR refinement to the K‐CFAR, based on the spatial feature of the objects, is proposed. Experimental results obtained from 270 real sonar images of diverse environments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm compared to the state‐of‐the‐art in terms of receiver operating characteristic curves.
Modeling disk fragmentation and multiplicity in massive star formation
Authors: Oliva G. André , Kuiper R.
Published: October 2020

Context. There is growing evidence that massive stars grow by disk accretion in a similar way to their low-mass counterparts. Early in evolution, these disks can achieve masses that are comparable to the current stellar mass, and therefore the forming disks are highly susceptible to gravitational fragmentation.

Aims. We investigate the formation and early evolution of an accretion disk around a forming massive protostar, focussing on its fragmentation physics. To this end, we follow the collapse of a molecular cloud of gas and dust, the formation of a massive protostar, the formation of its circumstellar disk, and the formation and evolution of the disk fragments.

Methods. We used a grid-based, self-gravity radiation hydrodynamics code including a sub-grid module for stellar evolution and dust evolution. We purposely do not use a sub-grid module for fragmentation such as sink particles to allow for all paths of fragment formation and destruction, but instead we keep the spatial grid resolution high enough to properly resolve the physical length scales of the problem, namely the pressure scale height and Jeans length of the disk. Simulations are performed on a grid in spherical coordinates with a logarithmic spacing of the grid cells in the radial direction and a cosine distribution of the grid cells in the polar direction, focusing the spatial resolution on the disk midplane. As a consequence, roughly 25% of the total number of grid cells, corresponding to ~26 million grid cells, are used to model the disk physics. These constitute the highest resolution simulations performed up to now on disk fragmentation around a forming massive star with the physics considered here. For a better understanding of the effects of spatial resolution and to compare our high-resolution results with previous lower resolution studies in the literature, we perform the same simulation at five different resolutions, each run differing in resolution from its predecessor by a factor of two.

Results. The cloud collapses and a massive (proto)star is formed in its center surrounded by a fragmenting Keplerian-like accretion disk with spiral arms. The fragments have masses of ~1 M⊙, and their continuous interactions with the disk, spiral arms, and other fragments result in eccentric orbits. Fragments form hydrostatic cores surrounded by secondary disks with spiral arms that also produce new fragments. We identified several mechanisms of fragment formation, interaction, and destruction. Central temperatures of the fragments can reach the hydrogen dissociation limit, form second Larson cores, and evolve into companion stars. Based on this, we study the multiplicity predicted by the simulations and find approximately six companions at different distances from the primary: from possible spectroscopic multiples, to companions at distances between 1000 and 2000 au.
Europium as a lodestar: diagnosis of radiogenic heat production in terrestrial exoplanets
Authors: Wang H. S. , Morel T. , Quanz S. P. , Mojzsis S. J.
Published: October 2020

Context. Long-lived radioactive nuclides, such as 40K, 232Th, 235U, and 238U, contribute to persistent heat production in the mantle of terrestrial-type planets. As refractory elements, the concentrations of Th and U in a terrestrial exoplanet are implicitly reflected in the photospheric abundances of the stellar host. However, a robust determination of these stellar abundances is difficult in practice owing to the general paucity and weakness of the relevant spectral features.

Aims. We draw attention to the refractory, r-process element europium, which may be used as a convenient and practical proxy for the population analysis of radiogenic heating in exoplanetary systems.

Methods. As a case study, we present a determination of Eu abundances in the photospheres of α Cen A and B with high-resolution HARPS spectra and a strict line-by-line differential analysis. To first order, the measured Eu abundances can be converted into the abundances of 232Th, 235U, and 238U with observational constraints, while the abundance of 40K is approximated independently with a Galactic chemical evolution model.

Results. Our determination shows that europium is depleted with respect to iron by ~0.1 dex and to silicon by ~0.15 dex compared to solar in the two binary components. The loci of α Cen AB at the low-ends of both [Eu/Fe] and [Eu/Si] distributions of a large sample of FGK stars further suggest significantly lower potential of radiogenic heat production in any putative terrestrial-like planet (i.e. α-Cen-Earth) in this system compared to that in rocky planets (including our own Earth) that formed around the majority of these Sun-like stars. Based on our calculations of the radionuclide concentrations in the mantle and assuming the mantle mass to be the same as that of our Earth, we find that the radiogenic heat budget in an α-Cen-Earth is 73.4−6.9+8.3 TW upon its formation and 8.8−1.3+1.7 TW at the present day, which is 23 ± 5% and 54 ± 5% lower than that in the Hadean Earth (94.9 ± 5.5 TW) and in the modern Earth (19.0 ± 1.1 TW), respectively.

Conclusions. As a consequence, mantle convection in an α-Cen-Earth is expected to be overall weaker than that of Earth (assuming other conditions are the same), and thus such a planet would be less geologically active, suppressing its long-term potential to recycle its crust and volatiles. With Eu abundances being available for a large sample of Sun-like stars, the proposed approach can extend our ability to predict the nature of other rocky worlds that can be tested by future observations.
Detailed 3D structure of Orion A in dust with Gaia DR2
Authors: Rezaei Kh. Sara , Bailer-Jones Coryn A. L. , Soler Juan D. , Zari Eleonora
Published: October 2020

The unprecedented astrometry from Gaia’s second data release (DR2) provides us with an opportunity to study molecular clouds in the solar neighbourhood in detail. Extracting the wealth of information in these data remains a challenge, however. We have further improved our Gaussian-processes-based, three-dimensional dust mapping technique to allow us to study molecular clouds in more detail. These improvements include a significantly better scaling of the computational cost with the number of stars, and taking into account distance uncertainties to individual stars. Using Gaia DR2 astrometry together with the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) and the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) photometry for 30 000 stars, we infer the distribution of dust out to 600 pc in the direction of the Orion A molecular cloud. We identify a bubble-like structure in front of Orion A, centred at a distance of about 350 pc from the Sun. The main Orion A structure is visible at slightly larger distances, and we clearly see a tail extending over 100 pc that is curved and slightly inclined to the line of sight. The location of our foreground structure coincides with 5–10 Myr old stellar populations, suggesting a star formation episode that predates that of the Orion Nebula Cluster itself. We also identify the main structure of the Orion B molecular cloud, and in addition discover a background component to this at a distance of about 460 pc from the Sun. Finally, we associate our dust components at different distances with the plane-of-the-sky magnetic field orientation as mapped by Planck. This provides valuable information for modelling the magnetic field in three dimensions around star-forming regions.
Jurassic: A chemically anomalous structure in the Galactic halo
Authors: Fernández-Trincado José G. , Beers Timothy C. , Minniti Dante
Published: October 2020

Detailed elemental-abundance patterns of giant stars in the Galactic halo measured by the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2) have revealed the existence of a unique and significant stellar subpopulation of silicon-enhanced ([Si/Fe] ≳ +0.5) metal-poor stars, spanning a wide range of metallicities (−1.5 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ −0.8). Stars with over-abundances in [Si/Fe] are of great interest because these have very strong silicon (28Si) spectral features for stars of their metallicity and evolutionary stage, offering clues about rare nucleosynthetic pathways in globular clusters (GCs). Si-rich field stars have been conjectured to have been evaporated from GCs, however, the origin of their abundances remains unclear, and several scenarios have been offered to explain the anomalous abundance ratios. These include the hypothesis that some of them were born from a cloud of gas previously polluted by a progenitor that underwent a specific and peculiar nucleosynthesis event or, alternatively, that they were due to mass transfer from a previous evolved companion. However, those scenarios do not simultaneously explain the wide gamut of chemical species that are found in Si-rich stars. Instead, we show that the present inventory of such unusual stars, as well as their relation to known halo substructures (including the in situ halo, Gaia-Enceladus, the Helmi Stream(s), and Sequoia, among others), is still incomplete. We report the chemical abundances of the iron-peak (Fe), the light- (C and N), the α- (O and Mg), the odd-Z (Na and Al), and the s-process (Ce and Nd) elements of 55 newly identified Si-rich field stars (among more than ∼600 000 APOGEE-2 targets), which exhibit over-abundances of [Si/Fe] as extreme as those observed in some Galactic GCs, and they are relatively well distinguished from other stars in the [Si/Fe]−[Fe/H] plane. This new census confirms the presence of a statistically significant and chemically-anomalous structure in the inner halo: Jurassic. The chemo-dynamical properties of the Jurassic structure is consistent with it being the tidally disrupted remains of GCs, which are easily distinguished by an over-abundance of [Si/Fe] among Milky Way populations or satellites.
Analysis of rainfall-triggered landslide in Baleagung Village, Magelang Regency, Central Java
Authors: Budiarti Putria Widya , Fathani Teuku Faisal , Faris Fikri
Published: October 2020

The majority of Magelang Regency is considered as intermediate and high susceptible areas against landslide. As happened in Baleagung Village in January 2018, a landslide has damaged local residency buildings. The landslide occurred because of high-intensity rainfall on the day before. Meanwhile, cracks formed in several areas that were indicated by the slope around the village were still actively moving. Therefore, mitigation is urgently needed to minimize the risk of further landslide movement. This study aimed to analyze the mechanism of ground movement at Baleagung Village which was affected by rainfall. This research was conducted by using back-analysis method to determine the initial groundwater level conditions and its effect on the slope stability. Soil parameters were obtained by laboratory testing and permeability tests in the field. Subsequently, rainfall data was collected from Himawari-8 satellite and used as the data input parameter for numerical analysis using SEEP/W and SLOPE/W. The results obtained from back-analysis showed that rainfall infiltration into the soil affected the degradation of safety factor value that was caused by the increase of pore-water pressure and the decrease of effective stress in a certain period. The degradation of safety factor was caused by the increasing of soil saturation degree when water infiltrated into the ground.
A climatological study of typhoons over the Philippine Area of Responsibility from 1989–2018
Authors: Desquitado Aaliyah Marie S. , Perez Marianne Roselle R. , Puchero Rein Simoun R. , Macalalad Ernest P.
Published: October 2020

The Philippines is in the Western North Pacific region, where it is a recipient of several weather disturbances such as tropical cyclones. This study aims to determine trends and periodicities of typhoons (TY) within the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), and the rainfall they brought in a 30-year period (1989–2018) for future forecast and disaster risk mitigation efforts of these TY. These TYs are raised when TC’s sustained winds are 118 kph and above. Frequency analysis of TY is done to determine the trends and periodicities in terms of the yearly total occurrence, number of TY that made landfall, distribution of TY classification, and their seasonal variation. The results showed that with PAR the yearly total occurrence of TY seems to have an approximately 12-year periodicity where maximum occurrence was observed around the years 1994, 2004, and 2014 while minimum occurrence was observed in years 1989, 1999, and 2010. Also, track data shows that only 32 % of these TY made a landfall within PAR. Out of the three regions in the Philippines, Luzon Island is the region where most of the severe typhoons made landfall at 80 %. Moreover, TYs occurred mostly during September to November where the transition period between the northeast monsoon and south west monsoon usually occurs. Also, rainfall during which these TYs have occurred were obtained from five synoptic stations across the Philippines. It showed from 1989 to 1998, the total yearly rainfall brought by these TYs ranged from 804 mm to 1 912 mm. But from 1999 to 2018, these TYs brought more rain where their total yearly rainfall ranged from 2 844 mm to 4 941 mm.
Assessment of groundwater pollution risk potential using DRASTIC Model in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia
Authors: Nurroh Syampadzi , Gunawan Totok , Kurniawan Andri
Published: October 2020

Assessment of groundwater pollution risk is purposed to be of particular value for environmental management programs development, this research estimated and calculated of groundwater pollution risk potential in Yogyakarta City using DRASTIC Model, DRASTIC parameters developed as Depth to water (D), net Recharge (R), Aquifer media (A), Soil media (S), Topography (T), Impact of vadose zone (I), and Hydraulic conductivity (C), the weights and ratings assigned in this research were similar to the typical ratings suggested in the original Methode. The result final assessment that groundwater pollution risk potential are classifies 4, 27% of the area as having very low, 15, 12% of the area as having low, 20, 17 % as having moderate, 43, 10% as having high, and 17, 34% as having very high. The model was validated using E. Coli parameters as a represent of pollution risk where the results having exceeds 85% of total samples that a value exceeds from the standard of quality > 0 MPN/100 ml. However, this research is a preliminary to be continued in the further research.
Groundwater potency for domestic demand in Banguntapan District, Bantul Regency
Authors: Dinul Salamah Sekar , Purnama Ignasius Loyola Setyawan , Primacintya Vincentia Anindha
Published: October 2020

Banguntapan District in Bantul Regency is one of the districts bordering the City of Yogyakarta. Because of its strategic location, the development of this district is very rapidly marked by population and settlement growth. As a result, the demand for facilities and infrastructure has also increased including the need for groundwater for domestic water sources. The purpose of this study is to determine the groundwater potency and domestic needs of the population. The study of domestic water demand is carried out to find out the current water needs and the level of criticality. For this reason a static groundwater potential calculation and the water needs are carried out. Calculation and analysis results show that groundwater potency in unconfined aquifers in the study area is 279, 004, 000 m3/year, with safe yield of groundwater extraction are 13, 109, 292 m3/year. Although groundwater extraction for domestic demand which amounted to 6, 392, 874 m3/year is still smaller than the safe yield, according to the calculation of the criticality index the water is almost classified in the critically approaching criteria.
Groundwater vulnerability study using SINTACS method in Banguntapan district, Bantul Regency
Authors: Ayu Wandari Kartika , Purnama Ignasius Loyola Setyawan , Primacintya Vincentia Anindha
Published: October 2020

As one of the districts in Bantul Regency which borders directly with the City of Yogyakarta, the District of Banguntapan has the potential to be an area affected by city development. This is what drives population growth in this district, so that the waste it generates also increases. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of groundwater vulnerability to pollution by using the SINTACS method and analyzing the dominant factors that influence it. Calculation and analysis results show that the variation of groundwater vulnerability index values in the study area ranged from 182.8 to 200.3, with 10 locations classified as high vulnerability and 2 locations classified as rather high vulnerability. Because it is located in a similar geological condition, namely the Aquifer Unit of Merapi Volcanic Fluvio Plain where most of the constituent material of this aquifer is sand and a little clay as inserts, the difference in groundwater vulnerability to pollution in the study area is only determined by the difference in groundwater depth.
Minimizing carbon loss through integrated water resource management on peatland utilization in Pulau Burung, Riau, Indonesia
Authors: Ihsan Fawzi Nurul , Rahmasary Annisa Noyara , Qurani Ika Zahara
Published: October 2020

Sustainable utilization of peatland is required for balancing production and conservation efforts. On peatland, one of the main components to examine sustainability is understanding the carbon balance. This research was conducted in Pulau Burung, Riau, Indonesia, which has a long history of peatland utilization for agriculture. The sets of utilized data included historical data of water management on peatland represented by water table and subsidence rate, next to carbon density of peat soil. The results showed the function of integrated water resource management made the yearly average water table depth is 48 and 49 cm in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The range water table is between 31cm to 72 cm due to season variability and crop requirement. Consequently, the rate of annual subsidence is averaging at 1.7 cm with cumulative subsidence in 32 yr is 54.1 cm. Since the water never drained since the establishment, the subsidence rate of the first five years is averaging only at 3.3 cm yr–1. Low subsidence rates minimize annual carbon loss during the peatland utilization around (30 to 200) Mg CO2 ha–1 yr–1. In 32 yr, the water management in peatland utilization in Pulau Burung has prevented 2 000 Mg CO2 ha–1 to 4 925 Mg CO2 ha–1 loss compared to other cultivated areas in peatland. Further, this paper discusses the practice that resulted in low emission of coconut agriculture in Pulau Burung as one of sustainability dimensions, which support the other sustainability aspects, that is the thriving local livelihood.
Study of groundwater vulnerability to contamination using the DRANTHVP method in wates groundwater Basin, Indonesia
Authors: Ahadiah Sufia Nur , Widyastuti Margaretha
Published: October 2020

Wates Groundwater Basin in Kulon Progo Regency, the Special Region of Yogyakarta, covers an area of 152.67 sq.m. With human occupations continuously growing in the regency, the groundwater in this basin is subject to change. This research was intended to identify the spatial distribution of groundwater vulnerability of Wates Groundwater Basin using the DRANTHVP method, which factors in Depth to Water Table (D), Recharge (R), Aquifer Thickness (A), Nitrate Attenuation Intensity (N), Topography (T), Groundwater Velocity (V), and Pollutant Input Intensity (P). The data were analyzed quantitatively using a weighted tiered approach―the rating was based on to what degree each of these factors contributes to the calculated vulnerability, then overlaid to produce a groundwater vulnerability map. From the analysis, the index values were clustered into three classes of groundwater vulnerability: low 4.48-6.35, medium 6.35-7.39, and high 7.39-7.97. A large proportion of the basin had medium groundwater vulnerability (109.16 sq.m), and less than half of it had low (39.63 sq.m) and high groundwater vulnerability (3.88 sq.m); these severity levels vary depending on the hydrogeological characteristics and land use of a study area.
Water quality index and pollution loading capacity of Setu Babakan, Jakarta-Indonesia
Authors: Khofiyanida Arina , Widyastuti Margaretha
Published: October 2020

Setu Babakan in the City of Jakarta Selatan contributes economically as a water tourist attraction. With its location in an urban area, growing human activities in its surroundings pose threats of contamination and reduction to its water quality. This research set out to analyze the water quality based on the Class II water quality standard issued in the Governmental Regulation No. 82 of 2001, determine the water quality index, and assess the pollution loading capacity of Setu Babakan. It drew on primary data collected by sampling water at four points in the inlet, middle, and outlet. The parameters observed were temperature, TDS, TSS, pH, nitrate, phosphate, detergent, BOD, and COD, using the CCME method to determine the water quality index and the Regulation of the Minister of Environment No. 28 of 2009 to examine the pollutant loading capacity. The results showed that (1) the pH, TSS, BOD, COD, phosphate, and detergents levels had exceeded the water quality standards, (2) the water quality index of Setu Babakan was categorized as marginal to fair, and (3) this body of water could no longer carry pollutant loads that contributed to TSS, BOD, and COD accumulation.
Housing rehabilitation and reconstruction in Central Sulawesi post-2018 earthquake
Authors: Hidayah Nur , Satyarno Iman , Saputra Ashar
Published: October 2020

The 2018 Palu Earthquake had damaged many community houses. The post-earthquake settlements program is the construction of temporary shelter and permanent house. The paper discusses to evaluate the development and propose rehabilitation and reconstruction applied in Central Sulawesi. All data were obtained by questionnaire, interviews, and field observations. The data is analyzed in a result framework for the shelter evaluation and a comparison to other post-earthquake programs for permanent house development. The research found the temporary shelter is occupied by only 52% because of impractical mobilization, living cost assistance absence, uncomfortable conditions, lack of clean water, and several refugees have reconstructed their houses. A low satisfaction rate is caused by the inadequate indoor condition, small capacity, and lack of privacy. This rate makes the temporary shelter is less effective. Regarding the permanent house development, the construction of relocated and satellite houses use modular houses, while the house reconstruction program authorizes the community to choose the preferred house model. The result is concerned to be different in occupancy and satisfaction level, in which the house reconstruction program will be more accepted. Since the temporary shelter and permanent house development requires relocated sites, land provision has slowed down the pre-construction stage.
Agriculture sector workers and rice production in Riau Province in 2010–2018
Authors: Yulianda Yolla , Harini Rika
Published: October 2020

Absorption of labor in the agricultural sector in Riau Province in 2019 was around 31.9 %, down from the previous year which reached 55.3 %. The agricultural sector has a high contribution to GDP (in economic terms) in Riau Province. The results of rice production from agricultural activities can affect vulnerability to food security in a province. The research objective is to examine the employment of agricultural sector workers and rice production in Riau Province in 2010-2018. The data used are institutional data. The method used in this research is descriptive with quantitative data support. Generally, in Riau Province, regencies classified as high in human resources (labor) sector A are Indragiri Hilir Regency and Rokan Hilir Regency which produce large amounts of rice production. Regencies that are classified as high in the number of workers are Kampar and Rokan Hulu, but rice production is still relatively low, due to not optimal productivity.
Investigating urban space: Potential urban green space in dense city of Yogyakarta
Authors: Widiyastuti Dyah , Mudiantoro Bagus , Andriyani Lilik
Published: October 2020

Urban green space (UGS) is essential for the city to ensure sustainability. The provision of adequate USG, however, is challenging over time, particularly at the city centre area. This study aims to offer a possible framework to identify UGS and assess the potential share from the vacant land into green space using descriptive analysis of remote sensing and secondary data. A case study is applied to assess the UGS and potential area in Yogyakarta City. The result shows that the built-up area in Yogyakarta City is covered around 85% of the total while the UGS remains halved within less than a decade. In addition, the field visit shows a potential UGS on 16.00 ha from the private vacant land. The application of the framework provides a tool for the city council in maintaining and monitoring the land cover, including identifying the UGS throughout the city. Imposing the regulation on vacant land might encourage the private sector involvement and offers less effort to the city council in providing UGS.
Integrated assessment of the state of sewage mine waters based on gas-discharge radiation method
Authors: Glukhova Natalija , Khilov Viktor , Kharlamova Yuliia , Isakova Mariia
Published: October 2020

The existing environmental problems resulting from the use and subsequent discharge of water by mining and metallurgical enterprises are analyzed. The relevance of developing methods for an integrated assessment of water properties is presented, which will allow the study of not only physical-chemical, but also the biological parameters of water. Experimental studies of water samples are conducted based on the method of gas-discharge radiation. The existing methods for extracting informative features of gas-discharge radiation images of liquid-phase objects are analyzed. Histograms of gas-discharge radiation images of various types of water were constructed and studied. The expediency of dividing images into separate fragments, characterized by common texture features, is shown. The analysis of texture features is carried out based on the use of the Fourier transform. Using the Fourier transform for the corresponding luminance vectors, the spectra have been obtained of the spatial distribution of the frequencies of brightness changes, which are used as texture features to identify the specific characteristics of the gas-discharge tracks formation. It has been determined that the developed method of water analysis allows assessing its biological properties, which is based on the values of the spatial frequency range. The advantage of the proposed method over the existing ones is the possibility of quantitative assessment in the form of numerical values of the covered range of spatial frequencies. The proposed method of studying the biological properties of water can be used as part of modern environmental monitoring systems.