bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Path loss models for train‐to‐train communications in typical high speed railway environments
Authors: Unterhuber Paul , Sand Stephan , Fiebig Uwe‐Carsten , Siebler Benjamin
Published: January 2018

Within the next few decades, railways will undergo a major modernisation in order to increase their efficiency and safety. The modernisation process will enable new concepts such as fully autonomous trains and dynamic coupling of consists. Today's centralised railway management systems will not be able to safely handle these train concepts and, thus, will be replaced or complemented by new systems. These systems require a tight train monitoring which is based on the reliable exchange of information covering among others the accurate position and velocity of trains. The authors are sure that modern train concepts demand both reliable train‐to‐train (T2T) communication and improved capabilities for train‐to‐ground communication. However, T2T communication is hardly investigated and so far no technology has been selected. With this publication, the authors like to provide more insight into T2T signal propagation. This is the basis for the future development of a modern T2T communication system. The authors focus on wide band propagation for T2T scenarios and describe an extensive channel sounding measurement campaign involving two high speed trains. Results on signal propagation measurements in high speed T2T scenarios are presented for different environments. Hence, path loss models for rural, sub‐urban and tunnel environments are introduced.
Analytical design technique for real‐to‐real single‐ and dual‐frequency impedance matching networks in lossy passive environment
Authors: A.R. Aravinth Kumar , Singh Shiv Govind , Dutta Ashudeb
Published: January 2018

A passive‐loss accounted analytic design technique for impedance matching networks is proposed here for efficient radio frequency (RF) circuit design. The impact of component losses on matching performance is briefed initially. To overcome the matching impact due to component losses, a set of modified equations are introduced which finds the accurate inductor and capacitor values accounting component losses. The proposed technique is applied for single‐frequency L‐match, Pi‐match, T‐match and dual‐frequency L‐match networks. The improvement in matching performance by using the proposed design technique is validated through simulations and measurements in UMC 0.18 µm complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. The measurement results closely (90–95%) follow ideal component performance. Hence, the proposed passive‐loss accounted design technique will be more useful in accurate low power RF circuit design.
Surface charge distribution patterns of a truncated cone‐type spacer for high‐voltage direct current gas‐insulated metal‐enclosed transmission line/gas‐insulated metal‐enclosed switchgear
Authors: Xue Jianyi , Wang Han , Liu Yanqin , Li Kefeng , Liu Xiangyu , Fan Xiaofeng , Deng Junbo , Zhang Guanjun , Guo Baohong
Published: January 2018

Surface charge accumulation on spacer is an important factor to cause surface flashover. An experimental set‐up is established to measure surface potential over a truncated cone‐type spacer under DC voltage in SF6 gas at atmospheric pressure using a Kelvin vibrating electrostatic probe. The surface charge density is calibrated based on multipoint measurement technique, which takes the influence of electrostatic probe into account. The experimental results show that surface charge distribution patterns can be divided into three classes including centrosymmetric distribution, spot‐like distribution, and cloud‐like distribution. The symmetrically distributed charges are injected by electrode, which migrate along spacer surface through the surface conductivity. While the charges showing spot‐like and cloud‐like distribution are generated by the ionisation of SF6 due to local electrical field concentrated. Besides, the hetero‐charges are more easily to be saturated with different charging durations and the polarity of the net charge is the same as that of applied voltage.
Characteristics of process‐induced properties in carbon nanofibre aqueous dispersion
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Khattab Ahmed
Published: January 2018

This work presents the experimental and statistical characterisation of carbon nanofibres (CNFs) dispersed in acetone. The purpose of the work is to study the process‐induced properties in CNF aqueous dispersion. Dispersing techniques such as sonication and high shear‐speed mixing were provided to disperse the CNFs. Response surface methodology was used here to design experiments and predict the nanoparticle size distribution after the dispersion. The effect of dispersing techniques and CNF concentration on nanofibre dispersion in acetone was investigated by quantitative and qualitative methods.
Polydopamine‐functionalised graphene–Fe3O4–Ag magnetic composites with high catalytic activity and antibacterial capability
Authors: Du Liqiang , Guo Aiying , Cai Aijun
Published: January 2018

Polydopamine‐functionalised graphene–Fe3O4–Ag composites (PGFA) were fabricated using a facile method. The morphology, structure, and chemical components of PGFA are investigated using various techniques, including X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. PGFA exhibits high catalytic activity for the degradation of p ‐nitrophenol. Furthermore, PGFA presents excellent catalytic stability and can be reused successfully for 14 cycles, maintaining high degradation efficiency (>98%). Antibacterial tests show that PGFA offers significant antibacterial potential against E. coli and S. aureus.
The VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey
Authors: Durkalec A. , Le Fèvre O. , Pollo A. , Zamorani G. , Lemaux B. C. , Garilli B. , Bardelli S. , Hathi N. , Koekemoer A. , Pforr J. , Zucca E.
Published: January 2018

We present a study of the dependence of galaxy clustering on luminosity and stellar mass in the redshift range 2 < z < 3.5 using 3236 galaxies with robust spectroscopic redshifts from the VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey (VUDS), covering a total area of 0.92 deg2. We measured the two-point real-space correlation function wp(rp) for four volume-limited subsamples selected by stellar mass and four volume-limited subsamples selected by MUV absolute magnitude. We find that the scale-dependent clustering amplitude r0 significantly increases with increasing luminosity and stellar mass. For the least luminous galaxies (MUV < −19.0), we measured a correlation length r0 = 2.87 ± 0.22 h−1 Mpc and slope γ = 1.59 ± 0.07, while for the most luminous (MUV < −20.2) r0 = 5.35 ± 0.50 h−1 Mpc and γ = 1.92 ± 0.25. These measurements correspond to a strong relative bias between these two subsamples of Δb∕b* = 0.43. Fitting a five-parameter halo occupation distribution (HOD) model, we find that the most luminous (MUV < −20.2) and massive (M⋆ > 1010 h−1 M⊙) galaxies occupy the most massive dark matter haloes with ⟨Mh⟩ = 1012.30 h−1 M⊙. Similar to the trends observed at lower redshift, the minimum halo mass Mmin depends on the luminosity and stellar mass of galaxies and grows from Mmin = 109.73 h−1 M⊙ to Mmin = 1011.58 h−1 M⊙ from the faintest to the brightest among our galaxy sample, respectively. We find the difference between these halo masses to be much more pronounced than is observed for local galaxies of similar properties. Moreover, at z ~ 3, we observe that the masses at which a halo hosts, on average, one satellite and one central galaxy is M1 ≈ 4Mmin over all luminosity ranges, which is significantly lower than observed at z ~ 0; this indicates that the halo satellite occupation increases with redshift. The luminosity and stellar mass dependence is also reflected in the measurements of the large-scale galaxy bias, which we model as
bg,HOD (>L) = 1.92 + 25.36(L/L*)7.01. We conclude our study with measurements of the stellar-to-halo mass ratio (SHMR). We observe a significant model-observation discrepancy for low-mass galaxies, suggesting a higher than expected star formation efficiency of these galaxies.
Molecular outflow and feedback in the obscured quasar XID2028 revealed by ALMA
Authors: Brusa M. , Cresci G. , Daddi E. , Paladino R. , Perna M. , Bongiorno A. , Lusso E. , Sargent M. T. , Casasola V. , Feruglio C. , Fraternali F. , Georgiev I. , Mainieri V. , Carniani S. , Comastri A. , Duras F. , Fiore F. , Mannucci F. , Marconi A. , Piconcelli E. , Zamorani G. , Gilli R. , La Franca F. , Lanzuisi G. , Lutz D. , Santini P. , Scoville N. Z. , Vignali C. , Vito F. , Rabien S. , Busoni L. , Bonaglia M.
Published: January 2018

We imaged, with ALMA and ARGOS/LUCI, the molecular gas and dust and stellar continuum in XID2028, which is an obscured quasi-stellar object (QSO) at z = 1.593, where the presence of a massive outflow in the ionised gas component traced by the [OIII]5007 emission has been resolved up to 10 kpc. This target represents a unique test case to study QSO feedback in action at the peak epoch of AGN-galaxy co-evolution. The QSO was detected in the CO(5 − 4) transition and in the 1.3 mm continuum at ~30 and ~20σ significance, respectively; both emissions are confined in the central (<2 kpc) radius area. Our analysis suggests the presence of a fast rotating molecular disc (v ~ 400 km s−1) on very compact scales well inside the galaxy extent seen in the rest-frame optical light (~10 kpc, as inferred from the LUCI data). Adding available measurements in additional two CO transitions, CO(2 − 1) and CO(3 − 2), we could derive a total gas mass of ~1010 M⊙, thanks to a critical assessment of CO excitation and the comparison with the Rayleigh–Jeans continuum estimate. This translates into a very low gas fraction (<5%) and depletion timescales of 40–75 Myr, reinforcing the result of atypical gas consumption conditions in XID2028, possibly because of feedback effects on the host galaxy. Finally, we also detect the presence of high velocity CO gas at ~5σ, which we interpret as a signature of galaxy-scale molecular outflow that is spatially coincident with the ionised gas outflow. XID2028 therefore represents a unique case in which the measurement of total outflowing mass, of ~500–800 M⊙ yr−1 including the molecular and atomic components in both the ionised and neutral phases, was attempted for a high-z QSO.
Synthesis of Optically Active 2,3-Disubstituted Indoline ­Derivatives through Cycloaddition Reactions between Benzynes and α,β-Unsaturated γ-Aminobutyronitriles
Authors: Ikawa Takashi , Akai Shuji , Sumii Yuta , Masuda Shigeaki , Wang Ding , Emi Yuto , Takagi Akira
Published: January 2018

We report a method for synthesizing optically active 2,3-disubstituted indolines by the cycloaddition reaction of benzynes with various 4-[(4-toluenesulfonyl)amino]-(E)-but-2-enenitriles, which are readily prepared from the corresponding l-amino acid derivatives.
Gastroösophageale Refluxerkrankung und maligne Transformation – für Männer und Frauen ein gleich großes Risiko?
Authors: Pech O.
Published: January 2018

Die gastroösophageale Refluxerkrankung (GERD) hat gerade in der westlichen Welt eine hohe Prävalenz. Patienten mit GERD haben ein etwa 10%-iges Risiko einen Barrett-Ösophagus zu entwickeln, der wiederum ein Risiko für die Entstehung eines ösophagealen Adenokarzinoms darstellt. Männer haben eine höhere Intensität der GERD in Hinblick auf den Grad der Entzündung und den Säurereflux. Aus diesem Grund ist das Risiko einen Barrett-Ösophagus zu entwickeln bei Männern etwa 2–3-fach erhöht und für ein ösophageales Adenokarzinom sogar 3–6-mal höher als bei Frauen.
Salvage-Chirurgie bei Tumorrezidiven der Mundhöhle – Einfluss der vorherigen Behandlung und des
Patientenalters
Authors: Giger Roland , Elicin Olgun
Published: January 2018

Tam S et al. Estimating Survival After Salvage Surgery for Recurrent Oral Cavity Cancer. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017;
143:685–690

Loko-regionäre Rezidive eines Plattenepithelkarzinoms der Mundhöhle sind lebensbedrohlich und eine klinische Herausforderung. Welche Rolle
spielt in diesen Fällen die Salvage-Chirurgie?
„Die brauchen was zum Ausprobieren“ – Körper und Körper-Modelle in der sexualpädagogischen Praxis
Authors: Langer Antje
Published: January 2018

In sexualpädagogischen Workshops mit Schulklassen kommen diverse Materialien zum Einsatz: Modelle von Geschlechtsorganen, Verhütungsmittel,
Hygieneartikel, Broschüren oder Comics zum Thema „Erste Liebe“. Diese Dinge sollen Sexualität und sexualitätsbezogene Themen
veranschaulichen und (be-)greifbar machen. Ihr Einsatz ist also ein strategischer in der Vermittlung von Wissen und im Erreichen der
Adressat*innen. Dabei transportieren sie zwangsläufig Bilder von Körpern/Körperteilen, Geschlecht(ern) und Geschlechterbeziehungen und
vermitteln dadurch ein Bild der Normalität von Lebensweisen und Praktiken. Zudem stehen sie in einem Spannungsverhältnis zu den Körpern der
Anwesenden: So soll der Körper der Adressat*innen nicht zu sehr im Fokus stehen, in der Vermittlung des Wissens aber dennoch ein Bezug zu
ihm hergestellt werden. In diesem Spannungsverhältnis kommt dem Einsatz von „körpernahen“ Modellen eine besondere Relevanz zu: Inwiefern und
im Rahmen welcher scheinbaren Widersprüche dies der Fall ist, ist Gegenstand dieses Beitrags. Welche Realität – welches Wissen und welche
Erfahrungen – werden mit ihnen geschaffen? Wie verhalten sich diese zu Sexualität, Körperlichkeit und Geschlecht? Diesen Fragen wird in der
Analyse von Expert*inneninterviews mit Fachkräften aus der Sexualpädagogik nachgegangen.
Medikamentöse Therapiemöglichkeiten bei vestibulären Störungen, Nystagmus und zerebellären Ataxien
Authors: Feil K. , Böttcher N. , Kremmyda O. , Muth C. , Teufel J. , Zwergal A. , Brandt T. , Strupp M.
Published: January 2018

Zur Pharmakotherapie von vestibulären Erkrankungen kommen im Wesentlichen folgende Wirkstoffgruppen zum Einsatz: Antivertiginosa,
Antikonvulsiva, Antidepressiva, Antiphlogistika, Anti-Menière-wirksame Substanzen, Migräneprophylaktika, Aminopyridine (Kaliumkanalblocker)
und Acetyl-DL-Leucin (eine modifizierte essenzielle Aminosäure). Die Behandlung des Symptoms Schwindel und der begleitenden vegetativen
Beschwerden wie Übelkeit, Brechreiz oder Erbrechen sollte zeitlich stets begrenzt werden. Bei einem akuten einseitigen Vestibularisausfall
verbessern Kortikosteroide die Erholung der peripher vestibulären Funktion, ohne ausreichende Evidenz für eine allgemeine Empfehlung.

Für die Wirksamkeit von Betahistin (16 mg dreimal täglich oder 48 mg dreimal täglich) bei Morbus Menière gibt es bislang keine ausreichende
Evidenz, ggf. sollten hierbei höhere Dosierungen angestrebt werden – insbesondere, da in tierexperimentellen Studien eine Verbesserung der
Durchblutung des Innenohrs nachgewiesen wurde. Bei der Vestibularisparoxysmie sind Carbamazepin/Oxcarbazepin wahrscheinlich wirksam, es
fehlen aber noch randomisierte kontrollierte Studien (RCTs) dazu. Bei der vestibulären Migräne gibt es bislang keine RCTs zur Wirksamkeit
von Betablockern oder Topiramat, so dass hier aufgrund von klinischen Erfahrungen die Therapie in Analogie zur Migräne ohne Aura empfohlen
wird.

Aminopyridine werden für die Behandlung von Patienten mit Downbeat-Nystagmus (2 RCTs) und der episodischen Ataxie Typ 2 (EA2, 1 RCT)
empfohlen. Die Wirksamkeit von Aminopyridinen wurde in tierexperimentellen und funktionellen Bildgebungsstudien evaluiert. Acetyl-DL-Leucin,
eine modifizierte essenzielle Aminosäure, verbessert die klinischen Symptome der zerebellären Ataxie (bisher 3 Beobachtungsstudien). Nach
tierexperimentellen Studien beschleunigt es auch die zentrale Kompensation vestibulärer Störungen; randomisierte klinische Studien dazu
waren negativ. Derzeit werden die folgenden klinischen RCTs zu verschiedenen Erkrankungen durchgeführt: Vestibularisparoxysmie
(Carbamazepin, VesPa), akute einseitige Vestibulopathie/Neuritis vestibularis (Betahistin, BETAVEST), vestibuläre Migräne (Metoprolol,
PROVEMIG), BPPV (Vitamin D, VitD@BPPV), EA2 (Aminopyridin vs. Acetazolamid, EAT-2-TREAT) und zerebelläre Ataxien (Acetyl-DL-Leucin,
ALCAT).
Effective Antimalarial Activities of α-Hydroxy Diynes Isolated from Ongokea gore
Authors: Ntumba Joséphine , Tshiongo Christian , Mifundu Michel , Robiette Raphäel , Taba Kalulu
Published: January 2018

Three diynes, octadec-17-ene-9,11-diynoate ethyl (1), 8-hydroxy-octadeca-13,17-diene-9,11-diynoate ethyl (2), and 8-hydroxy-octadec-13-ene-9,11-diynoate ethyl (3), were isolated from Ongokea gore seed oil. The structure assignment of these three compounds was based according to chemical and spectroscopic data. They were screened against Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite that causes malaria. In vitro micro-test (Mark III, supported by the World Health Organization) was developed to assess the response of P. falciparum to the isolated three compounds, and statistical analysis were performed for determination of the concentration that inhibits 50% of the parasite maturation (IC50). Two of the three diynes (2 and 3) showed a very effective in vitro antimalarial activity with an IC50 of 4.5 and 1.7 µM, respectively. Compound 3 exhibited better activity than quinine (IC50 1.9 µM), the drug reference, while compound 1 had no antimalarial activity (IC50 > 125 µM). In the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cytotoxicity screening, all compounds showed no toxicity (mean IC50 of 90 µM for each compound).
Representation and Mediation in Digitalized Work: Evidence from Maintenance of Mining Machinery
Authors: Jonsson Katrin , Mathiassen Lars , Holmström Jonny
Published: January 2018

The increased digitalization of work results in practices that are increasingly networked and knowledge-based. As such, we need to continuously inquire how digital technology leads to changes in work and not be content knowing that it leads to change. This paper contributes to advancing such knowledge through an analysis of digitalized condition-based maintenance of machinery in a Swedish iron ore mine. Drawing on the distinction between digital representation and digital meditation figurations of human and material agency, we analyze how the distributed network of workers used a diverse portfolio of digital technologies to make complex knowledge-based decisions on when and how to maintain the mining machinery. We combine these empirical insights with extant literature to advance a new theoretical perspective on how key characteristics of digital technologies are implicated in networked, knowledge-based work practices.
Dynamic range maximization in excitable networks
Authors: Zhang Renquan , Pei Sen
Published: January 2018

We study the strategy to optimally maximize the dynamic range of excitable networks by removing the minimal number of links. A network of excitable elements can distinguish a broad range of stimulus intensities and has its dynamic range maximized at criticality. In this study, we formulate the activation propagation in excitable networks as a message passing process in which a critical state is reached when the largest eigenvalue of the weighted non-backtracking matrix is close to one. By considering the impact of single link removal on the largest eigenvalue, we develop an efficient algorithm that aims to identify the optimal set of links whose removal will drive the system to the critical state. Comparisons with other competing heuristics on both synthetic and real-world networks indicate that the proposed method can maximize the dynamic range by removing the smallest number of links, and at the same time maintaining the largest size of the giant connected component.
Pyrolysis characteristics and kinetic parameters assessment of three waste biomass
Authors: Mishra Ranjeet Kumar , Mohanty Kaustubha
Published: January 2018

This work reports the kinetics and pyrolysis characteristics of three waste biomass, viz., pinewood sawdust, sal wood sawdust, and Areca Nut husk powders. Pyrolysis was conducted with five different heating rates of 5 °C min−1–25 °C min−1 under an inert atmosphere. The burnout temperatures and physicochemical properties of the three biomass were reported in this work. The results indicated that heating rates widely affected the burnout temperatures during combustion. When heating rates increased, the burnout temperatures shifted towards the higher temperature region. It was observed that kinetic parameters and degradation rates were functions of heating rate and temperature. However, activation energy varied with the change in heating rates. The activation energy, pre-exponential factor, and derivative of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) (DTG) characteristics were affected by the rise in heating rates. At higher heating rates, DTG peaks shifted to the higher temperature region, but it does not affect the conversion of biomass. TGA and DTG analysis indicated that all the three biomass undergone three degradation stages, and differential scanning calorimetric analysis confirmed the endothermic and exothermic pathways of these biomass. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of various functional groups in the biomass.
Investigations on the defect dipole induced pyroelectric current in multiferroic GdMnO3 system
Authors: Pal A. , Dhana Sekhar C. , Venimadhav A. , Prellier W. , Murugavel P.
Published: January 2018

Pyroelectric current measurements on the orthorhombic GdMnO3 polycrystalline sample are done to explore the intrinsic and extrinsic contributions. The measurements reveal poling temperature dependent pyrocurrent peaks at 20, 50 and 108 K. The pyrocurrent at 20 K and at 108 K are attributed to ferroelectric transition induced by the incommensurate spiral magnetic ordering of Mn spins and the release of trapped charges from the localized states, respectively. A detailed analysis on the broad pyrocurrent signal at 50 K suggests that it could be attributed to the thermally stimulated depolarization current effect due to the relaxation of defect dipoles induced by negatively charged Mn3+ ions and excess holes localized at Mn4+ sites. Importantly, the effect of the electric field due to the defect dipoles on the ferroelectric state is highlighted. The temperature dependent dielectric measurements under the magnetic field brought out the correlation between pyroelectric and dielectric properties. The influence of poling temperature dependent extrinsic effects on pyrocurrent suggests the choice of poling temperature on the study of polarization and the resultant multiferroicity in a spin-driven ferroelectric rare earth manganite system.
Estimating epidemic arrival times using linear spreading theory
Authors: Chen Lawrence M. , Holzer Matt , Shapiro Anne
Published: January 2018

We study the dynamics of a spatially structured model of worldwide epidemics and formulate predictions for arrival times of the disease at any city in the network. The model is composed of a system of ordinary differential equations describing a meta-population susceptible-infected-recovered compartmental model defined on a network where each node represents a city and the edges represent the flight paths connecting cities. Making use of the linear determinacy of the system, we consider spreading speeds and arrival times in the system linearized about the unstable disease free state and compare these to arrival times in the nonlinear system. Two predictions are presented. The first is based upon expansion of the heat kernel for the linearized system. The second assumes that the dominant transmission pathway between any two cities can be approximated by a one dimensional lattice or a homogeneous tree and gives a uniform prediction for arrival times independent of the specific network features. We test these predictions on a real network describing worldwide airline traffic.
Influence of hot and cold neutrals on scrape-off layer tokamak plasma turbulence
Authors: Bisai N. , Kaw P. K.
Published: January 2018

The modification of interchange plasma turbulence in the scrape-off layer (SOL) region by the presence of hot and cold neutral gas molecules has been studied. The nonlinear equations have been solved numerically using two different simulations (“uniform-Te” and “varying-Te”), and the results obtained from both of the models have been compared. The hot neutrals, responsible for the increase in the electron density in the SOL, also account for more ionization of the cold molecules. The effect of hot and cold neutrals on the interchange turbulence is almost similar in the “uniform-Te” model, but in the “varying-Te” model, the influence of the hot neutrals is very small, specifically in the far SOL region. The neutral gas in the “varying Te” model decreases the heat load on the material walls by about 7%. A reduction in the radial velocity by about 25% and effective diffusion coefficient of the plasma particles has been found by the influence of the neutral gas.
Prospects and limitations of wakefield acceleration in solids
Authors: Svedung Wettervik B. , Gonoskov A. , Marklund M.
Published: January 2018

Advances in the generation of relativistic intensity pulses with wavelengths in the X-ray regime, through high harmonic generation from near-critical plasmas, open up the possibility of X-ray driven wakefield acceleration. The similarity scaling laws for laser plasma interaction suggest that X-rays can drive wakefields in solid materials providing TeV/cm gradients, resulting in electron and photon beams of extremely short duration. However, the wavelength reduction enhances the quantum parameter χ, hence opening the question of the role of non-scalable physics, e.g., the effects of radiation reaction. Using three dimensional Particle-In-Cell simulations incorporating QED effects, we show that for the wavelength λ=5  nm and relativistic amplitudes a0=10–100, similarity scaling holds to a high degree, combined with χ∼1 operation already at moderate a0∼50, leading to photon emissions with energies comparable to the electron energies. Contrasting to the generation of photons with high energies, the reduced frequency of photon emission at X-ray wavelengths (compared with that at optical wavelengths) leads to a reduction in the amount of energy that is removed from the electron population through radiation reaction. Furthermore, as the emission frequency approaches the laser frequency, the importance of radiation reaction trapping as a depletion mechanism is reduced, compared with that at optical wavelengths for a0 leading to similar χ.
Characteristics of solitary waves in a relativistic degenerate ion beam driven magneto plasma
Authors: Deka Manoj Kr. , Dev Apul N. , Misra Amar P. , Adhikary Nirab C.
Published: January 2018

The nonlinear propagation of a small amplitude ion acoustic solitary wave in a relativistic degenerate magneto plasma in the presence of an ion beam is investigated in detail. The nonlinear equations describing the evolution of a solitary wave in the presence of relativistic non-degenerate magnetized positive ions and ion beams including magnetized degenerate relativistic electrons are derived in terms of Zakharov-Kuznetsov (Z-K) equation for such plasma systems. The ion beams which are a ubiquitous ingredient in such plasma systems are found to have a decisive role in the propagation of a solitary wave in such a highly dense plasma system. The conditions of a wave, propagating with typical solitonic characteristics, are examined and discussed in detail under suitable conditions of different physical parameters. Both a subsonic and supersonic wave can propagate in such plasmas bearing different characteristics under different physical situations. A detailed analysis of waves propagating in subsonic and/or supersonic regime is carried out. The ion beam concentrations, magnetic field, as well as ion beam streaming velocity are found to play a momentous role on the control of the amplitude and width of small amplitude perturbation in both weakly (or non-relativistic) and relativistic plasmas.
The role of the CI expansion length in time-dependent studies
Authors: Ulusoy Inga S. , Stewart Zachary , Wilson Angela K.
Published: January 2018

With the recent advances in experimental attosecond science, theoretical predictions of electron dynamics can now be validated against experiment. Time-dependent studies of the electron motion in molecules can be used to obtain information about electronic transitions and the interaction of the electrons with electromagnetic fields. Often, these approaches rely on single-excited wave functions. Presented here is a first attempt to evaluate the accuracy of the time-dependent configuration interaction method so that the optimal representation of the electronic wave function for time-dependent studies can be assessed. A quantifier is determined that can aid in finding this optimal representation. The approach is demonstrated on a variety of molecules that include both localized and intramolecular charge transfer electron excitations. Observables including excitation energies, dipole moments, strengths, and static polarizabilities are obtained from time-independent and time-dependent calculations and are compared to experimental data. In this way, a rigorous routine is developed by which the reliability and accuracy of the CI wave function can be assessed and which represents a first step to a more quantitative description of electron dynamics in molecules.
Simultaneous 3D coincidence imaging of cationic, anionic, and neutral photo-fragments
Authors: Shahi Abhishek , Albeck Yishai , Strasser Daniel
Published: January 2018

We present the design and simulations of a 3D coincidence imaging spectrometer for fast beam photofragmentation experiments. Coincidence detection of cationic, neutral, and anionic fragments involves spectrometer aberrations that are successfully corrected by an analytical model combined with exact numerical simulations. The spectrometer performance is experimentally demonstrated by characterization of four different channels of intense 800 nm pulse interaction with F2−: F− + F photodissociation, F + F dissociative photodetachment, F+ + F dissociative ionization, and F+ + F+ coulomb explosion. Improved measurement of F2− photodissociation with a 400 nm photon allows a better determination of the F2− anion dissociation energy, 1.256 ± 0.005 eV.
Aerodynamic heating in transitional hypersonic boundary layers: Role of second-mode instability
Authors: Zhu Yiding , Chen Xi , Wu Jiezhi , Chen Shiyi , Lee Cunbiao , Gad-el-Hak Mohamed
Published: January 2018

The evolution of second-mode instabilities in hypersonic boundary layers and its effects on aerodynamic heating are investigated. Experiments are conducted in a Mach 6 wind tunnel using fast-response pressure sensors, fluorescent temperature-sensitive paint, and particle image velocimetry. Calculations based on parabolic stability equations and direct numerical simulations are also performed. It is found that second-mode waves, accompanied by high-frequency alternating fluid compression and expansion, produce intense aerodynamic heating in a small region that rapidly heats the fluid passing through it. As the second-mode waves decay downstream, the dilatation-induced aerodynamic heating decreases while its shear-induced counterpart keeps growing. The latter brings about a second growth of the surface temperature when transition is completed.
Characteristic analysis of surface waves in a sensitive plasma absorption probe
Authors: You Wei , Li Hong , Tan Mingsheng , Liu Wandong
Published: January 2018

With features that are simple to construct and a symmetric configuration, the sensitive plasma absorption probe (SPAP) is a dependable probe for industry plasma diagnosis. The minimum peak in the characteristic curve of the coefficient of reflection stems from the surface wave resonance in plasma. We use numerical simulation methods to analyse the details of the excitation and propagation of these surface waves. With this method, the electromagnetic field structure and the resonance and propagation characteristics of the surface wave were analyzed simultaneously using the simulation method. For this SPAP structure, there are three different propagation paths for the propagating plasma surface wave. The propagation characteristic of the surface wave along each path is presented. Its dispersion relation is also calculated. The objective is to complete the relevant theory of the SPAP as well as the propagation process of the plasma surface wave.
Multiscale modeling of a low magnetostrictive Fe-27wt%Co-0.5wt%Cr alloy
Authors: Savary M. , Hubert O. , Helbert A. L. , Baudin T. , Batonnet R. , Waeckerlé T.
Published: January 2018

The present paper deals with the improvement of a multi-scale approach describing the magneto-mechanical coupling of Fe-27wt%Co-0.5wt%Cr alloy. The magnetostriction behavior is demonstrated as very different (low magnetostriction vs. high magnetostriction) when this material is submitted to two different final annealing conditions after cold rolling. The numerical data obtained from a multi-scale approach are in accordance with experimental data corresponding to the high magnetostriction level material. A bi-domain structure hypothesis is employed to explain the low magnetostriction behavior, in accordance with the effect of an applied tensile stress. A modification of the multiscale approach is proposed to match this result.
The thermodynamic functions until fourth virial coefficient for many-component plasmas
Authors: Eisa D. A.
Published: January 2018

This study aims to calculate the analytical form of the classical excess free energy until the fourth virial coefficient for neutral many-component plasmas, by using the Coulomb potential. We also obtain the equation of state. Our results were compared with others.
Prediction of flow dynamics using point processes
Authors: Hirata Yoshito , Stemler Thomas , Eroglu Deniz , Marwan Norbert
Published: January 2018

Describing a time series parsimoniously is the first step to study the underlying dynamics. For a time-discrete system, a generating partition provides a compact description such that a time series and a symbolic sequence are one-to-one. But, for a time-continuous system, such a compact description does not have a solid basis. Here, we propose to describe a time-continuous time series using a local cross section and the times when the orbit crosses the local cross section. We show that if such a series of crossing times and some past observations are given, we can predict the system's dynamics with fine accuracy. This reconstructability neither depends strongly on the size nor the placement of the local cross section if we have a sufficiently long database. We demonstrate the proposed method using the Lorenz model as well as the actual measurement of wind speed.
Demography and mating system shape the genome-wide impact of purifying selection in
Arabis alpina
Authors: Laenen Benjamin , Tedder Andrew , Nowak Michael D. , Toräng Per , Wunder Jörg , Wötzel Stefan , Steige Kim A. , Kourmpetis Yiannis , Odong Thomas , Drouzas Andreas D. , Bink Marco C. A. M. , Ågren Jon , Coupland George , Slotte Tanja
Published: January 2018

Significance

Intermediate outcrossing rates are theoretically predicted to maintain effective selection against harmful alleles, but few studies have empirically tested this prediction with the use of genomic data. We used whole-genome resequencing data from alpine rock-cress to study how genetic variation and purifying selection vary with mating system. We find that populations with intermediate outcrossing rates have similar levels of genetic diversity as outcrossing populations, and that purifying selection against harmful alleles is efficient in mixed-mating populations. In contrast, self-fertilizing populations from Scandinavia have strongly reduced genetic diversity and accumulate harmful mutations, likely as a result of demographic effects of postglacial colonization. Our results suggest that mixed-mating populations can avoid some of the negative evolutionary consequences of high self-fertilization rates.
Genetics of the human face: Identification of large-effect single gene variants
Authors: Crouch Daniel J. M. , Winney Bruce , Koppen Willem P. , Christmas William J. , Hutnik Katarzyna , Day Tammy , Meena Devendra , Boumertit Abdelhamid , Hysi Pirro , Nessa Ayrun , Spector Tim D. , Kittler Josef , Bodmer Walter F.
Published: January 2018

Significance

The human face is extraordinarily variable, and the extreme similarity of the faces of identical twins indicates that most of this variability is genetically determined. We have devised an approach to increase the chance of identifying specific large genetic effects on particular facial features, by choosing features with high heritability and selecting individuals with relatively extreme facial phenotypes for comparison with a control population. This has yielded three specific and replicated genetic variants, two for features of facial profiles, and one for the region around the eyes. Further application of these methods should enable the understanding, eventually at the molecular level, of the nature of this extraordinary genetic variability, which is such an important feature of our everyday human interactions.
Performance Traditions of Kurdistan: Towards a More Comprehensive Theatre History
Authors: Rashidirostami Mahroo
Published: January 2018

This study addresses the gap in the contemporary scholarship on Kurdish oral and performative culture by, for the first time, presenting a review of some of the performance traditions in Kurdistan. By describing these traditions, the article demonstrates that performance has for centuries comprised a vital and meaningful element of Kurdish cultural life. Further, it shows that a more inclusive approach to writing theatre histories enhances understanding of Middle Eastern and, in particular, Iranian performance culture—for the Kurds, as an Iranian people and the fourth largest ethnic group in the Middle East, play an intrinsic part in the culture of the region. All combined, this comprehension fosters a deeper appreciation and fuller picture of Middle Eastern theatre, in general, and Iranian theatre, in particular.
Reading Iran: American Academics and the Last Shah
Authors: Shannon Matthew K.
Published: January 2018

Despite the nature of American influence in postwar Iran, and despite the fact that Iranian studies has grown into a flourishing field in the United States, scholars have not explored the field's origins during the Cold War era. This article begins with the life of T. Cuyler Young to trace the critical genealogy within the field as it developed, in cooperation between American and Iranian scholars, during the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi. It proceeds to analyze two cohorts of American scholars whose political inclinations ranged from liberal reformism to revolutionary Marxism. As revolutionary momentum swelled in Iran in the late 1970s, critical scholars broke through superpower dogmas and envisioned a post-shah Iran. However, Cold War teleologies prevented them from fully grasping Iranian realities, particularly Khomeini's vision for Iran. This article argues that the modern field of Iranian studies in the United States was shaped by multiple generations of critical voices, all of which were informed by historically situated encounters with Iran and expressed through a range of methodological and theoretical perspectives.
Functional and clinical relevance of VLA-4 (CD49d/CD29) in ibrutinib-treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Tissino Erika , Benedetti Dania , Herman Sarah E.M. , ten Hacken Elisa , Ahn Inhye E. , Chaffee Kari G. , Rossi Francesca Maria , Dal Bo Michele , Bulian Pietro , Bomben Riccardo , Bayer Elisabeth , Härzschel Andrea , Gutjahr Julia Christine , Postorino Massimiliano , Santinelli Enrico , Ayed Ayed , Zaja Francesco , Chiarenza Annalisa , Pozzato Gabriele , Chigaev Alexandre , Sklar Larry A. , Burger Jan A. , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Shanafelt Tait D. , Wiestner Adrian , Del Poeta Giovanni , Hartmann Tanja Nicole , Gattei Valter , Zucchetto Antonella
Published: January 2018

The Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib, which antagonizes B cell receptor (BCR) signals, demonstrates remarkable clinical activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The lymphocytosis experienced by most patients under ibrutinib has previously been attributed to inhibition of BTK-dependent integrin and chemokine cues operating to retain the tumor cells in nodal compartments. Here, we show that the VLA-4 integrin, as expressed by CD49d-positive CLL, can be inside-out activated upon BCR triggering, thus reinforcing the adhesive capacities of CLL cells. In vitro and in vivo ibrutinib treatment, although reducing the constitutive VLA-4 activation and cell adhesion, can be overcome by exogenous BCR triggering in a BTK-independent manner involving PI3K. Clinically, in three independent ibrutinib-treated CLL cohorts, CD49d expression identifies cases with reduced lymphocytosis and inferior nodal response and behaves as independent predictor of shorter progression-free survival, suggesting the retention of CD49d-expressing CLL cells in tissue sites via activated VLA-4. Evaluation of CD49d expression should be incorporated in the characterization of CLL undergoing therapy with BCR inhibitors.
A Research Agenda for International Agricultural Trade
Authors: Martin Will
Published: January 2018

International trade is likely to be a hugely important and interesting area for research by agricultural and applied economists in the next decade. While the questions for research are likely to change—with less emphasis on large‐scale international negotiations and more on national reforms and regional agreements—there will be important challenges in understanding the driving forces for world agricultural markets, in trade policy, and in ensuring food security. New analytical techniques built on the gravity model and geospatial production data create many opportunities for innovative applications and expand the range of questions to which researchers in this field can effectively respond.
Optimizing Surgical Capacity for a Rural Hospital Through Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Ozer Rachel , Richards Gregory
Published: January 2018

This article describes the application of Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate operating room (OR) utilization at a small rural hospital in the province of Ontario, Canada. Using input factors that include the duration of procedures, the number of days of operation, and the shift duration, the simulation identifies ways of improving the capacity of the hospital's OR. The analysis was used to implement changes that led to a 38% increase in the number of procedures completed. The hospital also has created capacity for further growth and is adding both new service types and additional revenue-generating contract services. Moreover, based on the success of the analytic model, hospital staff have continued collecting real-time data on OR utilization to enable additional analysis. The findings suggest that rural hospitals can indeed apply currently available data to improve process flow. Furthermore, the lack of analytic resources inside the hospital should not be a barrier because it is possible to create partnerships with educational institutions.
Neural Activity During Mental Rotation in Deaf Signers: The Influence of Long-Term Sign Language Experience
Authors: Le Hong-Bo , Zhang Hui-Hong , Wu Qiu-Lin , Zhang Jiong , Yin Jing-Jing , Ma Shu-Hua
Published: January 2018

Objectives:

Mental rotation is the brain’s visuospatial understanding of what objects are and where they belong. Previous research indicated that deaf signers showed behavioral enhancement for nonlinguistic visual tasks, including mental rotation. In this study, we investigated the neural difference of mental rotation processing between deaf signers and hearing nonsigners using blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Design:

The participants performed a block-designed experiment, consisting of alternating blocks of comparison and rotation periods, separated by a baseline or fixation period. Mental rotation tasks were performed using three-dimensional figures. fMRI images were acquired during the entire experiment, and the fMRI data were analyzed with Analysis of Functional NeuroImages. A factorial design analysis of variance was designed for fMRI analyses. The differences of activation were analyzed for the main effects of group and task, as well as for the interaction of group by task.

Results:

The study showed differences in activated areas between deaf signers and hearing nonsigners on the mental rotation of three-dimensional figures. Subtracting activations of fixation from activations of rotation, both groups showed consistent activation in bilateral occipital lobe, bilateral parietal lobe, and bilateral posterior temporal lobe. There were different main effects of task (rotation versus comparison) with significant activation clusters in the bilateral precuneus, the right middle frontal gyrus, the bilateral medial frontal gyrus, the right interior frontal gyrus, the right superior frontal gyrus, the right anterior cingulate, and the bilateral posterior cingulate. There were significant interaction effects of group by task in the bilateral anterior cingulate, the right inferior frontal gyrus, the left superior frontal gyrus, the left posterior cingulate, the left middle temporal gyrus, and the right inferior parietal lobe. In simple effects of deaf and hearing groups with rotation minus comparison, deaf signers mainly showed activity in the right hemisphere, while hearing nonsigners showed bilateral activity. In the simple effects of rotation task, decreased activities were shown for deaf signers compared with hearing nonsigners throughout several regions, including the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, the left posterior cingulate cortex, the right anterior cingulate cortex, and the right inferior parietal lobe.

Conclusion:

Decreased activations in several brain regions of deaf signers when compared to hearing nonsigners reflected increased neural efficiency and a precise functional circuitry, which was generated through long-term experience with sign language processing. In addition, we inferred tentatively that there may be a lateralization pattern to the right hemisphere for deaf signers when performing mental rotation tasks.
Visibility and Depth of the Stromal Demarcation Line After Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography: Comparison Between Isoosmolar and Hypoosmolar Riboflavin
Authors: Lhuillier Louis , Ghetemme Cedric , Boiché Mathilde , Yahia Rekia , Houmad Naila , Zaidi Mohamed , Goetz Christophe , Perone Jean Marc
Published: January 2018

Purpose:

To evaluate and compare visibility and depth of the stromal demarcation line (DL) created after corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) between 2 groups: CXL with isoosmolar and hypoosmolar riboflavin.

Methods:

In this retrospective study performed at Metz-Thionville Regional Hospital, consecutive patients with progressive keratoconus underwent CXL using an accelerated protocol (10 min, 9 mW/cm2 ultraviolet-A). AS-OCT (RS-3000, Nidek) was performed at 1 month after surgery, with stromal DL visibility graded. The corneal demarcation line depth (DLD) was also measured.

Results:

Seventy-five eyes of 58 patients with a mean age of 25.2 ± 9.1 years were enrolled in the study. Preoperative mean anterior Kmax was 57.4 ± 5.4 D. The mean thinnest pachymetry was 474.3 ± 35.7 μm. The mean depth of the stromal DL on 1-month optical coherence tomography evaluation was 331.2 ± 62.7 μm. A DL was visible (grades 1 and 2) in 54 (72%) treated eyes. A positive correlation was found between patient age and the DLD: deeper lines were found in older patients [r = 0.38, P = 0.005, confidence interval 95% (0.12; 0.58)]. Forty-one patients were included in the isoosmolar group and 34 in the hypoosmolar group: neither visibility nor DLD was significantly different between groups. The mean depth was 334.5 ± 67.5 μm and 328.1 ± 59.0 μm in the isoosmolar and hypoosmolar groups, respectively (P = 0.82). A DL was visible (grades 1 and 2) in 26 eyes (63.4%) and 28 eyes (82.4%) in the isoosmolar and hypoosmolar groups, respectively (P = 0.12).

Conclusions:

The use of isoosmolar or hypoosmolar riboflavin does not significantly modify the depth or visibility of the stromal DL 1 month after accelerated CXL on AS-OCT evaluation.