bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recovery of Rhodium(III) from Nitric Acid Solutions Using Adsorbent Functionalized with N,N,N-Trimethylglycine
Authors: Suzuki Tomoya , Morita Keisuke , Sasaki Yuji , Matsumura Tatsuro
Published: May 2016

To understand Rh(III) adsorption behaviors of styrene–divinylbenzene copolymer functionalized with N,N,N-trimethylglycine (AMP03), we measured the distribution coefficients (Kd) of Rh(III) and the adsorbed amounts of HNO3 by varying the HNO3 concentration. It was found that the Kd value of Rh(III) decreased with increasing [HNO3], whereas the amount of adsorbed HNO3 increased. To examine the Rh(III) adsorption capabilities of AMP03 in detail, we performed adsorption experiments while varying H+ and NO3− concentrations. The results showed that the Kd value of Rh(III) increased with decreasing [H+] and increasing [NO3−]. Furthermore, we performed Rh(III) adsorption experiments using HNO3 solutions containing amine compounds such as triethylamine (TEA), ethylenediamine (EDA), or tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (Tren). In all systems, drastic increases in Kd were observed with the addition of amine compounds. The amine compounds have relatively high basicity (TEA: pKa = 10.75, EDA: pKa = 6.85 and 9.93, and Tren: pKa = 8.42, 9.44, and 10.1). The Kd increases were attributed to a decrease in [H+] with the protonation of amine compounds. The stoichiometry of the adsorbed Rh(III) species was determined with slope analysis based on ion-exchange equilibria for Rh3+ and H+. Rh3+ was adsorbed with two betaine groups and three NO3−. In contrast, H+ adsorption reactions occurred competitively with those of Rh3+. Our results show that AMP03 effectively adsorbs Rh(III) from HNO3 solutions with low [H+] and high [NO3−].
Easy Access to Martin’s Hypervalent Sulfur Anions toward an Electrode Material for Organic Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Imada Yasuyuki , Kukita Tomomi , Nakano Hideyuki , Yamamoto Yohsuke
Published: May 2016

For use as an electrode material, a new synthetic route to a Martin-type tridentate ligand and hypervalent sulfur anions bearing this ligand has been developed. A battery containing the anions bearing Li+ as a counter-cation shows a stable cycle performance, indicating their utility for cathode-active materials.
Procedures for Converting Electronic Absorption Spectra into Higher-Order Derivatives to Examine Photoinduced Spectral Changes
Authors: Ichimura Kunihiro
Published: May 2016

The practices to convert electronic absorption spectra into the fourth- and eighth-order derivatives are described to stress their usefulness in quantitative analysis, keeping in mind the applicability to elucidate photochemical behavior of versatile materials. The simulation was carried out in two ways. The first study disclosed that the higher-even-order derivatives are an efficient approach to resolve elementary bands due to rotational energy level transitions (RLT) and, in particular, vibrational energy level transitions (VLT). Electronic absorption bands are determined by full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of and distance (Δλv) between adjacent VLT bands, while there is a critical FWHM as well as Δλv for the sufficient resolution of VLT bands in derivative spectra. The subsequent simulation was performed with aid of Savizky–Golay smoothing of synthetic noisy spectra to know how polynomial order (s) and filter width (p) affect derivative-spectral shapes. It was shown that p should be smaller than 1 + 2 × (Δλv − 1), whereas Δλv is of an electronic absorption band to be analyzed. The simulation results were substantiated by spectral changes due to the photoisomerization of azobenzene in hexane as a model compound, displaying that Δλv values of electronic transitions of S0–S1 and S0–S2 are quite different, respectively.
Involvement of entities of agricultural industry in tourism activity (the case of Stavropol region)
Authors: Трухачев Александр , Trukhachev Aleksandr
Published: May 2016

Current geopolitical changes and trends in socio-economic development increase the importance and prospects of development of domestic tourism. Emerging opportunities are significant not only for well-known destinations and tourist products, but also for tourism products and routes that by their attractiveness is competitive with the objects of mass tourism demand. Considering the possibilities of development of weekend tourism, flashpacker and trailering, can be concluded that the sector of rural tourism in all its diversity, can attract a significant part of the tourist flow. At present, rural tourism is not a mass leisure activity. Researches of needs and interests of tourists are known. However, there are no researches revealing assessment of the prospects of existing or potential rural tourism projects. With that, it should be emphasized that they are not only important for investors or business leaders, but also for tourism administrations as a tool to identify barriers or areas of support of rural tourism projects. Rural tourism - one of the most famous and popular forms of recreation. Many experts note its ability to compete with the leaders of the global tourism - beach and cultural tourism. Stavropol Krai of the Russian Federation is region with high level of agricultural development and rich touristic and recreational potential. Development of private sector in agriculture industry, aspiration of small and large private companies to diversify their activities by expanding non-agricultural segment caused the formation and development of rural tourism. Variety of tourism resources and cultural heritage of Stavropol region allowed entrepreneurs to create different tourist products in the segment of rural recreation. In the current context the formation of rural tourism industry in the Stavropol region is the rightful issue. The author has conducted marketing research to study the attitude of agriculture entities in Stavropol region to engaging in tourist activities. The data obtained show the positive attitude of agriculture entities of the region to the tourist activity. However, more than 89% of respondents consider it necessary to develop a state policy in the field of rural tourism at the federal and regional levels.
Extension of product line of property insurance (insurance of memorial monuments and plates as an example)
Authors: Суслова Ирина , Suslova Irina , Бокарева Елена , Bokareva Elena , Соколова Антонина , Sokolova Antonina
Published: May 2016

Experience of the last ten years says that monuments become the object of violations and

destructions. Almost daily shocking news of vandalism on burial places are appearing in mass

media. Such behavior of violators of the law causes sincere neglect and misunderstanding in

decent citizens. At the same time citizens are concerned by safety of monuments as subjects of a

material world, look for ways to save them from possible encroachments, and themselves from

unplanned expenditure on their restoration.

It is known that the monuments executed from noble stones, shod fencings and marble

slabs cost much, and from time to time is very expensive. And it is twice offensive when such

gravestone constructions are exposed to attack and plunder.

Today in Russia there are protected cemeteries, but as practice shows, and protection

isn´t able to save a grave from this trouble. In that case insurance companies come to the rescue.

They are ready to compensate the damage caused by vandals in the presence of the insurance

contract. At first sight this service is strange, but its demand says that the condition of society

where such immoral manifestations are possible is strange.

The insurance contract execution of gravestone constructions of insurance company

requires the passport of the insurer, the name of a cemetery and number of a grave, and also the

documents for production of these constructions confirming the corresponding expenses. It is

need to be note that such insurance can directly be made out on a place and supplement the list

of the provided funeral services.
Quality of Family Relationships: The Contributions of Family Structures and Gender – Role Orientations
Authors: Olanrewaju Adebayo Sulaiman , Dominic Olawa Babatola , Osasogie Ogunbor
Published: May 2016

Since the whole human population are products of the family, it may be deduced that a substantial proportion of the social-vices besieging the modern world emanate from maladaptive socialization process of the family domain. To achieve a capable and positive functioning socialization process, harmonious and healthy relationships must be ensured among and between each member of the family. Taking into consideration the overarching positive influence of valuable family relationship on healthy family lives, it is highly essential to investigate the predicting factors of good family relationships. Accordingly, this study tested whether family structures and gender role orientations would predict quality of family relationships. Ninety-eight participants who were selected using cluster sampling method from Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, completed self-report instruments comprising of Index of Family Relations (IFR), Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) and the Personal Data Sheet (PDS). Hypotheses were tested using one-way ANOVA and multiple regressions. Findings suggest that participants from traditional marriage families reported better family relationships than those from single-parent, divorced and court/legal marriage families. Additionally, the expression of feminine traits by family members (regardless of sex) seems to account for a well knitted family relationship than the expression of the nearly feminine trait, androgynous trait and nearly masculine trait. Results were discussed in line with previous literature and it was recommended that traditional/customary marriage should not be jettisoned in the process of family formation but should be done in conjunction with court/legal marriage. Similarly, the expression of feminine traits by each family member regardless of their sex should be encouraged to forestall family conflicts and ensure good family relations.
Those lovely delicate lacy wings
Authors: Garner Lynne
Published: May 2016

This is the first in a series that will explore the lives of different insects that live in the woods, parks and gardens of the UK. This month we explore the world of lacewings.
A review of current surgical practice in the operative treatment of proximal humeral fractures
Authors: Dean B. J. F. , Jones L. D. , Palmer A. J. R. , Macnair R. D. , Brewer P. E. , Jayadev C. , Wheelton A. N. , Ball D. E. J. , Nandra R. S. , Aujla R. S. , Sykes A. E. , Carr A. J.
Published: May 2016

Objectives

The PROximal Fracture of the Humerus: Evaluation by Randomisation (PROFHER) trial has recently demonstrated that surgery is non-superior to non-operative treatment in the management of displaced proximal humeral fractures. The objective of this study was to assess current surgical practice in the context of the PROFHER trial in terms of patient demographics, injury characteristics and the nature of the surgical treatment.

Methods

A total of ten consecutive patients undergoing surgery for the treatment of a proximal humeral fracture from each of 11 United Kingdom hospitals were retrospectively identified over a 15 month period between January 2014 and March 2015. Data gathered for the 110 patients included patient demographics, injury characteristics, mode of surgical fixation, the grade of operating surgeon and the cost of the surgical implants.

Results

A majority of the patients were female (66%, 73 of 110). The mean patient age was 62 years (range 18 to 89). A majority of patients met the inclusion criteria for the PROFHER trial (75%, 83 of 110). Plate fixation was the most common mode of surgery (68%, 75 patients), followed by intramedullary fixation (12%, 13 patients), reverse shoulder arthroplasty (10%, 11 patients) and hemiarthroplasty (7%, eight patients). The consultant was either the primary operating surgeon or supervising the operating surgeon in a large majority of cases (91%, 100 patients). Implant costs for plate fixation were significantly less than both hemiarthroplasty (p < 0.05) and reverse shoulder arthroplasty (p < 0.0001). Implant costs for intramedullary fixation were significantly less than plate fixation (p < 0.01), hemiarthroplasty (p < 0.0001) and reverse shoulder arthroplasty (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Our study has shown that the majority of a representative sample of patients currently undergoing surgical treatment for a proximal humeral fracture in these United Kingdom centres met the inclusion criteria for the PROFHER trial and that a proportion of these patients may, therefore, have been effectively managed non-operatively. Cite this article: Mr B. J. F. Dean. A review of current surgical practice in the operative treatment of proximal humeral fractures: Does the PROFHER trial demonstrate a need for change? Bone Joint Res 2016;5:178–184. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.55.2000596.
(Re)authoring the 27 club: Bewildered voices, acousmatic audiophilia and the dangers of listening-in
Authors: Macpherson Ben
Published: May 2016

This article considers the limits, layers and potential of vocal mimesis in the creation and performance of a new musical theatre work. Reflecting on the process and production of All That’s Left – a musical that performed imagined conversations between pop-culture icons from ‘The 27 Club’ – I conceptualize voice as a plural space that connects imitation and originality by exposing, negotiating and re-siting the boundaries of mimetic vocality. Specifically, using Hillel Schwartz’s The Culture of the Copy (1996) as a basis for discourse, I offer three readings of vocal mimesis as an act that constructs a space of plural and paradoxical possibilities. First, I consider the fidelity of timbral imitation or accent in ‘singing like the celebrity’, and use Simon Frith in dialogue with Roland Barthes’ concept of the ‘grain’ to explore the paradox of vocal bewilderment in performing original versions of celebrities. Second, I reflect on the use of recorded voice, to suggest that acousmatic voice unveils the limits of mimesis while allowing a sonic (re)authoring in the process. Third, I consider the audience as transgressors, and suggest that in listening-in to the ethereal and imagined thoughts of a long-deceased rock star, they themselves perform the very (re)authoring the mimetic voice offers.
Singing research: Judaica 1 at The British Library
Authors: Spatz Ben
Published: May 2016

This article analyses a performance of Judaica 1 at The British Library in London, part of an ongoing research project to investigate the embodied technique of contemporary (Jewish) identity using a ‘laboratory’ methodology of post-Grotowskian songaction. Through a close analysis of this event, the article seeks to articulate some of the main concepts and questions that underpin the Judaica Project, such as the relevance of social epistemology to fields of embodied knowledge; the ethics and politics of embodied research in culturally defined areas of technique; and the relationship between referential meaning and non-lexical vocal form. Although the Judaica Project focuses specifically on Jewish songs, the proposed synthesis of scholarly epistemology and contemporary performance could have relevance for other projects in which embodied performance materials function both as markers of identity and as unfolding epistemic objects.
Voice in devising/devising through voice: A conversation with Mikhail Karikis, Elaine Mitchener and Jessica Walker
Authors: Karikis Mikhail , Mitchener Elaine , Walker Jessica , Thomaidis Konstantinos
Published: May 2016

How is voice used in devising practices? What is the interplay between structure, freedom and improvisation in such compositional practices? In what ways is voice conceived and practised as material? In providing answers to such questions, this multi-vocal interview/roundtable transcript is composed around the responses of three contemporary vocal artists based in the United Kingdom, Mikhail Karikis, Elaine Mitchener and Jessica Walker. Their work ranges from audio-visual installations and solo shows to immersive performance and site-responsive work, and their deployment of vocality ranges from jazz and Victorian music hall repertoires to extended vocal techniques and experimentations across the speech–song continuum. In conversation with practitioner-scholar Konstantinos Thomaidis, their responses offer valuable insights into current vocal experimentation but are also an invitation to expand discussions around devising in the field of interdisciplinary voice studies.
Vocalizing Nothingness: (Re)configuring vocality inside the spacetime of Ottavia
Authors: Belgrano Elisabeth
Published: May 2016

In 1634, a Venetian academy, Accademia degli Incogniti/Academy of the Unknown, published a discourse on Nothingness, Le Glorie del Niente. Their idea of Nothingness can be simplified to the fact that words were the sparkles of meaning, and immediately when spoken the rational context was transformed into other meanings and purposes. Nothingness was in a sense fragmented but at the same time filled with paradoxes and multiple meanings. A list of figures of Nothingness was formulated by the Academy. Voice was one of them. The purpose of this Voicing is to stage an event where Nothingness becomes a part of a singer’s conscious process into an historical vocal manuscript. This event – being an essay delivered in both written and sounding format – invites the reader to join the singer in her paradoxical journey through words, thoughts and vocality. Her methodological format is built through a continuous questioning into how sensuous experiences of singing and performing can be understood and communicated in words. Theories and vocal practice materialize through one another continuously. The result is a complex poetic event in words and sound, serving as a model for how a voice can develop through a never-ending learning process of vocalizing and theorizing.
Predicting box office from the screenplay: A text analytical approach
Authors: Hunter III Starling David , Smith Susan , Singh Saba
Published: May 2016

Empirical studies of the determinants of box office revenues have mostly focused on post-production factors – that is, ones known after the film has been completed and/or released. Relatively few studies have considered pre-production factors – that is, ones known before a decision has been made to green-light a film project. The current study directly addresses this gap in the literature. Specifically, we develop and test a relatively parsimonious, pre-production model to predict the opening weekend box office of 170 US-produced, English-language feature films released in the years 2010 and 2011. Chief among the pre-production factors we consider are those derived from the textual and content analysis of the screenplays of these films. The most important of these is determined through the application of network text analysis (NTA) – a method for rendering a text as a map or network of interconnected concepts. As predicted, we find that the size of the main component of a screenplay’s text network strongly predicts the completed film’s opening weekend box office.
Exhibition Reviews
Authors: Saccardi Nadia , Lennox Patricia , Carter Tina
Published: May 2016

COSTUME AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY 1990–2015 A.A. BAKHRUSHIN STATE CENTRAL THEATRE MUSEUM, MOSCOW

SHAKESPEARE: L’ÉTOFFE DU MONDE, CENTRE NATIONAL DU COSTUME DE SCÈNE, MOULINS, FRANCE 14 June 2014 – 4 January 2015

REVIEW OF BJÖRK: A MID-CAREER RETROSPECTIVE WITH NEW COMMISSIONED PIECE FOR MOMA, NEW YORK
The real professional: Designers and discourse in Hindi film costume
Authors: Wilkinson Clare M.
Published: May 2016

Since the mid-twentieth century, successive generations of Hindi film costume designers and costume workers have asserted claims to an aesthetic and professional distinction. As each new cluster of designers comes on the scene, they draw a contrast between their practices and knowledge and those of past designers (or other costume department personnel) in ways that boost their own claims of being the first to do the job ‘professionally’. Such claims often tend to revolve around evolving (and often competing) notions of what makes a costume ‘real’. Based on in-depth interviews and ethnography among a cross-section of film costume producers from different eras, this article points out the ways in which discrepant discourses among designers and makers, and between designers of different generations, reveal important differences in how ‘real’ costume is understood. Paying attention to a wider range of voices within costume production also reveals the linkage of narrative, costume, and aesthetics in collaborative, albeit conflicted practice, as opposed to being the direct outcome of an intellectual and somewhat disembodied process of design.
Such stuff as dreams are made on: Exploring costume design’s semiotic and scenographic potential in making meaning for performance
Authors: Lynch Julie
Published: May 2016

There has been an abundance of literature on the role of set and lighting design within scenography. However, the presence of costume within the scenographic whole has been poorly considered. In this article, I will analyse costume’s semiotic and scenographic potential by comparing two important productions of The Tempest. I will juxtapose the signification of Ariel in Giorgio Strehler’s Tempest at the Piccolo Teatro, Milan (1978) (set and costume design by Luciano Damiani), with Robert Lepage’s production of Thomas Adès’ The Tempest for the Metropolitan Opera in collaboration with Ex Machina (2012) (set design by Jasmine Catadul, and costume, wig and make-up design by Kym Barrett). I will examine why costume design has been less examined than other areas within scenography, and by comparing these two productions, I will show evidence of the different and significant ways that costume can interrupt or enhance meaning within performance.
Memoirs of a GAY! Sha: Race and gender performance on RuPaul’s Drag Race
Authors: Zhang Eric
Published: May 2016

The popular American reality television programme RuPaul’s Drag Race (2009–) has become well known for its racially diverse cast of contestants; notably, it has featured numerous contestants of Asian descent throughout its first seven seasons. Looking at four of these contestants (namely, Jujubee, Manila Luzon, Raja and Gia Gunn), I ask how Asian American drag queens use costume and other elements of bodily adornment in conjunction with performance in order to construct their drag characters. I explore the ways in which these former contestants embody their intersecting racial, gender and sexual identities through their costuming and performance, both while competing on Drag Race and in their post-Drag Race careers. Ultimately, I argue that Asian American drag queens often engage in an ambivalent rhetoric of race and gender both onstage and on-screen.
Context and curriculum in two global cities: A study of discourses of citizenship in Hong Kong and Singapore
Authors: Alviar-Martin Theresa , Baildon Mark
Published: May 2016

This qualitative, comparative case study examined global civic education (GCE) in the Asian global cities of Hong Kong and Singapore. Guided by theories that position curriculum at the intersection of discourse, context, and personal meaning-making, we sought to describe the ways in which intentions for GCE reflect broader societal discourses of citizenship and how curricula allow students to tackle tensions surrounding national and global citizenship. We found that Singapore and Hong Kong have adopted depoliticized forms of citizenship as a means of inoculation against global ills. These types of citizenship are more nationalistic than global in nature; moral rather than political; and focused mainly on utilitarian goals to produce adaptable workers able to support national economic projects in the global economy. Although critical, transnational, and other emergent civic perspectives are apparent in both cities, the data yielded little evidence of curricular opportunities for students to become exposed to alternative discourses and reconcile discursive contradictions. The findings inform current literature by illuminating the nexus of local and global discursive practices, implicating the ability of curricula to accommodate both novel and established civic identities, and forwarding suggestions to bridge disconnections between theoretical and local curricular definitions of global citizenship.
Are WE the world? A critical reflection on selfhood and global citizenship education
Authors: Wang Chenyu , Hoffman Diane M.
Published: May 2016

Although much debate exists on the conceptualization, nature, and goals of global citizenship education, there has been widespread support for incorporating ideals of global citizenship into the practices, texts, and curricula of U.S. schools and universities. This article offers an interpretive discourse-based critique of ideas of selfhood underlying global citizenship education. Based on analyses of two U.S. high school curricula and materials available on websites devoted to global citizenship, we develop a critique of universalizing constructs of selfhood that underlie global citizenship discourse.  These assumptions obscure reflection on dynamics of social class privilege that shape global citizenship activism and situate global citizenship education as a potentially counter-productive neoliberal discourse. The article concludes with recommendations for practitioners interested in developing a more self-reflective and critical global citizenship education.
Without Boundaries?
Authors: Watson Anthony J.
Published: May 2016

This article systematically derives a common pluralist theology from the works of theologians
Roger Haight and Amir Hussain. It then discusses this emergent definition of pluralism through the
perspective of intent, an examination of exclusive claims and the historicity of formative context. Finally,
potential approaches and areas are outlined, such as revelation, salvation, and historicity, in which a
pluralist theology can advance a Theology “Without Walls.”
Brushes, Burins, and Flesh
Authors: Hyman Aaron M.
Published: May 2016

This essay examines the erotic works produced collaboratively by members of Karel van Mander’s so-called “Haarlem Academy” to suggest that early modern art making created a space in which slippages could occur between homosocial relationships and homoerotic practices. Hierarchical power relations inherent to collaboration, and to early-modern precursors to formalized academies, facilitated these dynamics because they structurally replicated essential conditions of homoerotic relationships. In turn, the piece proposes ways in which formal readings of works coupled with the interrogation of collaborative artistic production can help explore how works of art do more than index homoerotic relationships and, instead, instantiate them.
Left atrial strain: a new predictor of thrombotic risk and successful electrical cardioversion
Authors: Costa Cátia , González-Alujas Teresa , Valente Filipa , Aranda Carlos , Rodríguez-Palomares José , Gutierrez Laura , Maldonado Giuliana , Galian Laura , Teixidó Gisela , Evangelista Artur
Published: May 2016

Background: Left atrial deformation (LAD) parameters are new markers of atrial structural remodelling that seem to be affected in atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL). This study aimed to determine whether LAD can identify patients with a higher risk of thrombosis and unsuccessful electrical cardioversion (ECV).

Methods: Retrospective study including 56 patients with AF or AFL undergoing ECV, with previous transthoracic (TTE) and transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) studies. Echocardiographic parameters analysed were as follows: left ventricle function, left atrium (LA) dimensions, LAD parameters (positive and negative strain peaks), left atrial appendage (LAA) filling and emptying velocities and the presence of thrombi. Strain values were analysed according to thrombotic risk and success of ECV.

Lower mean values of peak-positive strain (PPS) in patients with prothrombotic velocities (<25 cm/s) and a higher incidence of thrombi in LAA were observed compared with those with normal velocities. Multivariate analysis revealed PPS normalised by LA maximum volume indexed by body surface area (BSA) to be associated with prothrombotic risk (odds ratio 0.000 (95% CI: 0.000–0.243), P 0.017), regardless of CHADs2VASC score. Peak-negative strain normalised by LA volumes indexed by BSA were associated with unsuccessful ECV.

Conclusions: Atrial deformation parameters identify AF and AFL patients with a high risk of thrombosis and unsuccessful ECV. Therefore, these new parameters should be included in anticoagulation management and rhythm vs rate control strategies.
Timing of Return to Work and Breastfeeding in Australia
Authors: Xiang Ning , Zadoroznyj Maria , Tomaszewski Wojtek , Martin Bill
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE:

To examine the effects of timing of return to work, number of hours worked, and their interaction, on the likelihood of breastfeeding at 6 months and predominant breastfeeding at 16 weeks.

METHODS:

A nationally representative sample of Australian mothers in paid employment in the 13 months before giving birth (n = 2300) were surveyed by telephone. Four multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the effects of timing of return to work and work hours, independently and in interaction, on any breastfeeding at 6 months and on predominant breastfeeding at 16 weeks, controlling for maternal sociodemographics, employment patterns, and health measures.

RESULTS:

Mothers who returned to work within 6 months and who worked for ≥20 hours per week were significantly less likely than mothers who had not returned to work to be breastfeeding at 6 months. However, returning to work for ≤19 hours per week had no significant impact on the likelihood of breastfeeding regardless of when mothers returned to work. Older maternal age, higher educational attainment, better physical or mental health, managerial or professional maternal occupation, and being self-employed all significantly contributed to the increased likelihood of any breastfeeding at 6 months. Similar patterns exist for predominant breastfeeding at 16 weeks.

CONCLUSIONS:

The effects of timing of return to work are secondary to the hours of employment. Working ≤19 hours per week is associated with higher likelihood of maintaining breastfeeding, regardless of timing of return to work.
Видове різноманіття епіфітних дріжджових угруповань біогеоценозів Азербайджану
Authors: Aliyeva S. I.
Published: May 2016

The results of the long term research on the number and the species composition of the phyllosphere’s yeasts (epigenous yeasts) of the plants in the northern, southern and subtropical regions of theRepublic of Azerbaijan have been generalized. The obtained results show that the number and diversity of the yeast communities naturally decrease in different substrates, which correspond to different stages of the plants development. A set of dominant species is characteristic for each stage of the development. High yeast diversity is peculiar to forest biogeocenos rather than other ones. We identified 48 types of yeasts in phyllosphere and associated substances, 35 of which we were able to identify by morphological and physiological characteristics. Most of the identified yeasts were minor species, whose occurrence did not exceed 0.5% of the total specified yeasts. The results show that only 25 species of yeasts are permanent habitants of phyllosphere and alltogether they account for 90 % of the total yeast population.
Інформаційні комунікації мікроорганізмів
Authors: Kremenchutskу G. N. , Stepanskу D. A. , Yurgel L. G. , Koshevaya I. P. , Krushynskaуа T. Y. , Valchuk S. A. , Kondratiyev F. Y.
Published: May 2016

Macroorganism in combination with microbiota is considered as a “superorganism”. Microorganisms, belonging to the microbiota, are in dynamic equilibrium with a macroorganism. This balance is achieved through a molecular “language” of communication between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Molecular communication between cells leads to positive and negative results. A large number of metabolites of microorganisms that carry the information load: autoinducers is revealed. Autoinducer affect on the immune systems, and variety of metabolic processes. This affects on practically all organs and systems of maсroorganism. Studied metabolites of aerococci affect on the immune system, regenerative cycles and other processes of macroorganism. The problem of informative communication between prokaryotes and eukaryotes provides new insights about vital functions of “superorganisms”.
Утворення малонового діальдегіду під дією важких металів як індикатора руйнування пігментсинтезувальних мембранних центрів бактерій
Authors: Rylsky A. F.
Published: May 2016

It was established that with Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions’ concentrations increasing in a nutrient medium the concentration of malonic dialdehyde in cells of bacteria Serratia marcescens increases. The sharp raise of malonic dialdehyde (14.37 ± 0.76 for Hg2+ and 24.75 ± 0.59 for Cu2+) coincides with metals’ concentrations which entail the loss of pigment-synthesizing ability of bacteria. It specifies that one of possible mechanisms of pigments loss in bacteria can be a damage by free radicals of pigment-synthesizing sections of membranes.
Перспективи використання ліпосом для створення нових форм лікувально-профілактичних препаратів
Authors: Kisjakova M. A. , Gavrylyuk A. F. , Polishko T. N. , Moiseenko V. M. , Vinnikov A. I.
Published: May 2016

Information on the structure, physical and chemical characteristics of the phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) – the effective natural drug delivery system is presented. Types of liposomes, procedures of its productions, penetration mechanisms into cells and functional features of liposomal drugs are described. Data on production of liposomes with lactobacilli acellular homogenates and the methods of the liposomes structure control asre demonstrated.
Дослідження можливостей використання поліферментних систем водоростей Mycrocystis aeruginosa для підготовки питної та технологічної води
Authors: Karpenko V. I. , Golodok L. P. , Vodka M. V. , Dyachenko A. A. , Sirenko L. A.
Published: May 2016

The methods and a laboratory bench have been developed for research of the multienzyme systems of cyanobacteriae Mycrocystis aeruginosa. The bench allows regulating the luminous intensity and suspension agitation, studying the cells reproduction and conducting the chemical analysis of water. It has been established that algae can be used in a biofilter for reducing low concentrations of total iron in water to the levels which meet state standard (GOST 2874-82) requirements. Algae cells reproduction during water treatment from iron in a biofilter indicates that the number of enzyme systems and their activity increase. The advantage of the algae multienzyme systems use for the water treatment is the fact that they maintain their activity for a long time and do not need any carbonaceous energy substrata.
Комплексна дiагностика ниркового алотрансплантата з метою подовження функцiонування
Authors: Tashevskaya N. I. , Furman Y. V. , Nedzvetsky V. S.
Published: May 2016

This review covers the necessity of deep estimation of kidney allograft state on each stage of its life. Particular emphasis was made on complex investigation by invasive and noninvasive diagnostics methods. This way will be helpful for increasing of the kidney allograft lifetime.
Підвищення життєздатності личинок коропа в умовах дії гербіциду раундап пробіотичним препаратом БПС-44
Authors: Barbukho O. V. , Zhidenko A. O.
Published: May 2016

The influence of different concentrations of the herbicide roundup (active ingredient – izopropilamine salt of glyphosate, 480 g/l) on survival of the carp larvae (Cyprinus carpio L.) and the compensation of the adverse effects by probiotic BPS-44 are studied. Roundup (concentrations from 0.01 to 80 mg/dm3) makes negative effect on the carp larvae. Primary herbicide stress in prenatal period of ontogenesis leads to some increase of larvae viability only in minimal concentration – 0.001 mg/dm3, in all other cases it leads to considerable increase of the larvae mortality. The preparation BPS-44 enhances the viability of carp larvae under conditions of medium toxic stress of the herbicide (0.02–0.80 mg/dm3).
Іхтіопатологічні наслідки ураження прісноводних риб електрострумом
Authors: Novitsky R. A. , Khristov O. A. , Kochet V. N.
Published: May 2016

Data on ichthyopathological examinations of mature fish (pike, bream) from Dniprovs’ke reservoir are presented. That fish were confiscated from a person used the illegal homemade electric instrument ("electrical fishing rod"). All explored specimens of breams had keratopathy and visceral injury of different level. The most significant injuries were noted for kidney tissues. There was found the hemoperitoneum as well as nephremorrhagia and cerebral hemorrhage. In pikes it was noted the hemorrhages of hyomandibular canal. Determined ichthyopathological effects can be used for clear diagnostics of electric current lethal impact on fish.
Influence of immunomodulators of natural origin on cellular immunity indices in blood of broiler chicken under stress
Authors: Grabovskyi S. , Grabovska O.
Published: May 2016

The paper deals with researching of T- and B-lymphocytes relative quantity and functional activity in broiler chicken blood after using of animal origin immunomodulators in conditions of pre-slaughter stress. The authors determined the relative amount of T- and B-lymphocytes and their individual populations in the reaction of spontaneous rоsetting with the sheep erythrocytes in blood. Besides, the differentiated count of rоsetting lymphocytes with the various degree of functional activity was conducted. The spleen extract (70% alcohol solution in volume of 1.4 ml per chicken) was added to the diet of broiler chicken of experimental groups by aerosol method. This extract was obtained with/ without ultrasound application. 70% alcohol solution in the same volume and using the same method was added to the diet of broiler chicken of the control group five days before slaughter. The authors have not established probable increase of T-lymphocytes general quantity in broiler chicken blood in both experimental groups. It is shown that pre-slaughter stress in broiler chicken caused by weaning has immuno-suppressive effect on T- and B-lymphocytes in blood, which is accompanied by their quantity and functional activity decrease. T- and B-lymphocytes amount and functional activity of T- and B-cell immunity was stimulated after adding immunomodulators of natural origin to broiler chicken diet. Spleen extract polyamines as immunomodulators and antistressors most effectively influenced on some of cell immunity indices before slaughter – it is necessary to note the increase in T-helper lymphocytes in the broiler chickens blood caused by lymphocytes with medium (6–10) – by 18% (Р < 0.05) and high density receptors (М) – by 35% (Р < 0.05) compared to the control. It is shown that decrease of T-lymphocytes quantity in broiler chicken blood is caused by lymphocytes with law (3–5) – by 22% (Р < 0.01) and high (M) – by 11% (Р < 0.05) density receptors with increase of medium density receptors (6–10) – by 15% (Р < 0.05) compared to the control. The results obtained in the experiment can be used in the investigations of cell immunity indices of farm animals in order to increase the organism resistance and to correct their pre-slaughter stress.
Dissimilatory sulfate reduction in bacteria Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ІМV К-6 upon influence of Uragan and Raundup herbicides
Authors: Zvir G. І. , Moroz O. М. , Hnatush S. O.
Published: May 2016

Objects of the study were sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ІМV К-6, isolated from Yavorivske lakе. This strain is kept in the collection of microorganisms at the Department of Microbiology of Ivan Franko National University. Bacteria were grown in the Kravtsov-Sorokin’s liquid medium with the following composition (g/l): Na2SO4 × 10H2O – 0.5, NaH2PO4 – 0.3, K2HPO4 – 0.5, (NH4)2SO4 – 0.2, MgSO4 × 7H2O – 0.1, C3H5O3Na – 2.0. The bacteria were grown for 10 days at 30 °C under anaerobic conditions. In order to study the sensitivity of the sulfate reducing bacteria to action of Uragan and Raundup herbicides, the cells of D. desulfuricans ІМV К-6 were grown at the concentrations of herbicides as follows: 0,28 mМ, 2,8 mМ (concentration recommended for use) and 5,6 mM. Biomass was determined by photometric method. Concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the culture medium was determined by photo-colorimetric method. Concentration of sulfate-ions in the medium was determined by turbidimetric method. Capacity of sulfate reducing bacteria D. desulfuricans ІМV K-6 to grow, reducing sulfates to hydrogen sulfide upon influence of Uragan and Raundup herbicides was studied. Accumulation of bacterial biomass in the control and upon influence of herbicides was the highest on the fourth-sixth day of cultivation, and after that the stationary growth phase began. It was shown that sulfate reducing bacteria upon influence of herbicides grew more intensively compared with the control. It was discovered that the level of biomass changed depending on the increasing concentration of Uragan or Raundup herbicides in the medium. Sulfate reducing bacteria D. desulfuricans ІМV K-6 could reduce sulfates to hydrogen sulfide in the presence of sulfates and organic compounds in the medium (dissimilatory sulfate reduction). Stimulatory influence of Uragan and Raundup on the dissimilatory sulfate reduction process of D. desulfuricans ІМВ К-6 has been discovered. The formation of hydrogen sulfide correlates with the usage of sulfatе ions. The capacity of sulfate reducing bacteria D. desulfuricans ІМV K-6 to grow, reducing sulfate ions to hydrogen sulfide upon influence of Uragan and Raundup may be caused by presence of inert components (sulfates) in these herbicides that can be used by microorganisms as electron acceptors during sulfate respiration.
Genetic risk factors for Parkinson’s disease in Ukraine
Authors: Koliada A. K. , Pletneva T. V. , Sosedko A. S. , Chyvlyklyj M. A. , Vaiserman A. M. , Karaban I. N.
Published: May 2016

The paper focuses on the genetic risk factors for Parkinson’s disease (PD) such as polymorphisms in genes CYP1A1, GSTM1 and APOE. A total number of 516 people were examined. 300 persons were in the control group (mean age 67,0 ± 0,4 years; 200 males and 100 females) and 216 persons were patients with PD (mean age 65,0 ± 0,7 years, 116 males and 100 females). Whole blood samples collected from each person were genotyped using PCR-RFLP. Amplification and restriction results were assessed by conducting vertical agarose gel electrophoresis. The study analyzed marker с.2452C>A in the CYP1A1 gene. In the control group, allele C frequency was 0.79, and allele A frequency – 0.21. Genotype frequencies were: CC – 0.61, AC – 0.36, AA – 0.03. In the group of patients alleles C and A frequencies were 0.64 and 0.36 correspondingly. Genotype frequencies were: CC – 0.35, AC – 0.58, AA – 0.07. There was a significant difference between both groups in allele A frequency. It is considered that 0/0 genotype for the GSTM1 gene is a risk factor for PD. In the controls, +/+ and 0/0 genotypes frequencies were 0.67 and 0.33 correspondingly. In the group of patients +/+ genotype frequency was 0.55 and 0/0 genotype frequency – 0.45. The difference was statistically significant. In the control group genotype frequencies for the АРОЕ gene were 0.715 (Е3/Е3), 0.077 (Е3/Е4), 0.009 (Е4/Е4), 0.167 (Е2/Е3), 0.031 (Е2/Е4) and 0.000 (Е2/Е2). In the group of patients with PD they were 0.634 (Е3/Е3), 0.148 (Е3/Е4), 0.032 (Е4/Е4), 0.157 (Е2/Е3), 0.023 (Е2/Е4) and 0.000 (Е2/Е2). Е3/Е4 genotype frequency was significantly higher in the group of patients with PD than in the control group. Pathogenic allele с.2452C>A of the CYP1A1 gene is associated with increased risk of PD (OR = 1.72). 0/0 genotype carriers have higher risk to develop PD (OR = 1.72). Allele έ4 of the АРОЕ gene may be associated with increased risk of PD. Risk of the disease is higher in έ2 allele carriers (OR = 2.35) and έ4 allele carriers (OR=1.97). People with genotype Е4/Е4 have chances to be affected by PD 3.48 times higher (OR = 3.48). Associations revealed in the different human populations between genetic factors and PD may vary that is associated with the genetic heterogeneity and proportion of environmental factors which affect people. Despite the results are sometimes controversial, they can be helpful in developing DNA-tests for early diagnosis of PD.
Biological properties of aerococci and bacilli as a component of new associate-probiotic complex
Authors: Valchuk S. I. , Stepansky D. A. , Shevchenko T. N. , Koshevaya I. P. , Ryzhenko S. A. , Kremenchutsky G. N.
Published: May 2016

Dysbioses of the gastrointestinal tract are common among people of all ages and genders. Development of this pathology is associated with a number of complications, from indigestion to occurrence of malignant disease. Therefore, there is a need in development of measures of their prevention and correction. Probiotics are used as drugs against dysbiosis. Most of the presently known probiotics contain bacterial cells of one species, although combination preparations feature higher efficiency. At the same time, there are difficulties in construction of these drugs, primarily due to incompatibility of physiological properties of microorganisms and mutually antagonistic action of their components. The aim was to examine the compatibility of Bacillus subtilis and Aerococcus viridans in a single preparation, their antagonistic activity against different strains of test-cultures and general antagonism directed on different groups of bacteria for subsequent formation of associative probiotic complex. Properties of aerococci strains were studied and A. viridans 167 strain was selected for inclusion into the probiotic preparation. The tested strain showed the highest indicators of production of hydrogen peroxide, which is one of the mechanisms of antagonistic effect against opportunistic pathogens. General study of biological properties of aerococci strains showed that producing of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical in them was conditioned by functioning of NAD-independent lactatoxidase. It has been determined that antioxidant defense of aerococci from the action of endogenous and active excretable forms of oxygen was provided by activity of superoxide-dismutase and GSH-peroxidase. The method of deferred antagonism found no depressing mutual action between probiotic strains of B. subtilis 3 and A. viridans 167 at their joint cultivation. Inhibition of growth at the joint application of A. viridans 167 and B. subtilis 3 strains was recorded for both museum and clinical strains of test-cultures Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella ozaenae, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Candida albicans. Separate application of A. viridans 167 or B. subtilis 3 against strains of these opportunistic pathogens was characterized by relatively less antagonistic effect of each of strains under study. The results allow us to recommend the studied strains of B. subtilis 3 and A. viridans 167 for use as the components to construct a new associative probiotic preparation.