bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pitfalls in Organizational Neuroscience: A Critical Review and Suggestions for Future Research
Authors: Jack Anthony I. , Rochford Kylie C. , Friedman Jared P. , Passarelli Angela M. , Boyatzis Richard E.
Published: May 2017

The potential of neuroscience to be a viable framework for studying human behavior in organizations depends on scholars’ ability to evaluate, design, analyze, and accurately interpret neuroscientific research. Prior to the publishing of this special issue, relatively little guidance has been available in the management literature for scholars seeking to integrate neuroscience and organization science in a balanced, informative and methodologically rigorous manner. In response to this need, we address design logic and inferential issues involved in evaluating and conducting neuroscience research capable of informing organizational science. Specifically, neuroscience methods of functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, lesion studies, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and transcranial direct current stimulation are reviewed, with attention to how these methods might be combined to achieve convergent evidence. We then discuss strengths and limitations of various designs, highlighting the issue of reverse inference as precarious yet necessary for organizational neuroscience. We offer solutions for addressing limitations related to reverse inference, and propose features that allow stronger inferences to be made. The article concludes with a review of selected empirical work in organizational neuroscience in light of these critical design features.
PACE investigators’ response is misleading regarding patient survey results
Authors: Kirke Karen D
Published: May 2017

The PACE investigators’ citation of a patient survey might mislead readers into thinking that the experience of people with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) supports PACE findings. In fact, patient survey evidence directly contradicts the results of the PACE trial. A review of survey data published between 2001 and 2015 reveals that for most patients, graded exercise therapy leads to worsening of symptoms, cognitive behavioural therapy leads to no change in symptoms, and pacing leads to improvement. The experience of people with ME/CFS as reflected in surveys is a rich source of information, made more compelling by the consistency of results. Consequently, patient survey evidence can be used to inform practice, research and guidelines. Misrepresentation of patient experience must be vigorously challenged, to ensure that patients and health professionals make decisions about therapies based on accurate information.
Lifeworld and systems in the digital economy
Authors: Elder-Vass Dave
Published: May 2017

The digital economy has provided opportunities for new forms of economic practice. At their purest, these forms deliver economic benefits as gifts and depend on cooperation without authority. Drawing loosely on Habermas, we may call this a lifeworld economy – an economy that is coordinated by communicative interaction – as opposed to the systems economy of market and state, coordinated by money and power. This formulation, however, faces both theoretical and practical challenges. On the theoretical side, the notion of a lifeworld economy does not sit easily with Habermas’s own formulation of the distinction between lifeworld and systems. On the practical side, the digital lifeworld economy has been steadily colonized by capitalist businesses, which have frequently found ways to incorporate forms of gift and cooperation into profit-oriented business models. This article proposes to reformulate Habermas’s distinction as a reference to different kinds of causal mechanisms, detaching it from his functionalist framework and enabling a more flexible application to empirical cases. It then applies it to a series of iconic cases from the digital economy: Amazon, Wikipedia, and open source software, to demonstrate its continuing relevance to very current issues.
Effects of central column aspect ratio on seismic performances of subway station structures
Authors: Chen Zhi-Yi , Liu Zhi-Qian
Published: May 2017

The subway station structures have a contradiction in its design of the cross section of the central columns: larger aspect ratio increases the longitudinal traffic capacity, yet decreases the lateral seismic capacity. However, both capacities are important. Thus, finding a reasonable aspect ratio has become a significant problem to be studied in depth. In this article, a series of time history analyses are carried out on a typical two-story three-span subway station structure, and ultimate bearing capacity analysis of isolated columns of various sizes is performed. The static axial compression ratio (ranging from 0.13 to 0.68) and the aspect ratio (ranging from 0.04 to 26.67) are taken as parameters, and their influence on internal force and damage to the structure are explored. It is found that the increase in axial compression ratio of the columns increases both the compression and tension damage and reduces the seismic performance of the station structure. However, the influence of increasing the aspect ratio of columns on the seismic performance of structures is more complicated. The compression and tension damage rises first (ranging from 0.04 to 1.67) and then decreases (greater than 6.67), while the tension damage of the structure increases monotonously. Finally, (0.15, 0.6) is given as the recommended aspect ratio range.
Pausing the classroom lecture: The use of clickers to facilitate student engagement
Authors: Dong Jian-Jie , Hwang Wu-Yuin , Shadiev Rustam , Chen Ginn-Yein
Published: May 2017

In a big classroom, it is not easy for instructors to be aware of whether or not all students are engaged in the lecture and who has difficulty understanding learning content. One way in which the engagement between instructor/lecturer and students in the classroom is via technology designed to facilitate this. A computer system, making use of clickers, was designed for students to do this. That is, students can request to pause the lecture when necessary. Two classes with 109 college students participated in this study. Students learned the subject matter by using the system for 2 weeks. This article describes the reasons why students choose to engage via this clicker-based system, the time when they do so and what factors influence students’ willingness to engage in this way. Furthermore, we investigated whether introverts would engage differently from the more non-introverted. The following main findings were obtained. Most students chose to engage via the clicker system. Results showed that students’ willingness to engage via this technology were because they found it difficult to remember or understand the lecture content. For instructors, there is a need to understand when, precisely, to pause the lecture so that an appropriate intervention might be made at that point. An optimal decision boundary for pausing the lecture is proposed. Finally, the article looks at whether or not the learning style of introverts influences student willingness to use such a clicker system.
Establishment and Evaluation of Patient-Specific Virtual Ureteroscopy in Assisting Flexible Ureteroscopy for Urolithiasis
Authors: Zhang Yi , Yu Cheng-fan , Zhang Jun-hui , Qiao Lu-dong , Yan Wei , Qin Cai-peng
Published: May 2017

Objectives. To establish virtual ureteroscopy (VU) through computed tomography urography (CTU) data from patients with upper urinary tract (UUT) stones indicated for flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) and to validate its effectiveness. Methods. Patient-specific VU generation was accomplished through incorporating CTU data into specialized software (Crusher) developed on the open access Visualization Tools Kit (VTK). These were then presented to fURS experts and novice urologists for evaluation and comparison using modified Likert-type questionnaire of 10-point rating scales (1 = not at all useful/not at all realistic/poor, 10 = very useful/very realistic/ excellent). Results. Face and content validation of VU from 5 fURS experts in 3 different centers: overall usefulness 7.4 ± 0.5, graphics 7.4 ± 0.5, intrarenal anatomy 8.4 ± 0.5, stone details 7.8 ± 0.4, usefulness in surgical planning and training 7.6 ± 0.9. Significant increase of detection in the number of calyces and stones was found from using CTU only to CTU-VU combined in the novice group ( P = .000). Before VU observation, novices found much fewer calyces and stones than experts ( P = .004 and .000, respectively). However, this gap disappeared after VU observation ( P = .327 and .292, respectively). VU feedback from the novices was superb. Conclusions. Establishing patient-specific VU through CTU data from renal stone patients is feasible. The present VU can significantly improve novice urologists’ comprehension of intrarenal anatomy and stone information before fURS procedures. Face and content validity is also proved. This novel modality may serve as an important tool for fURS surgical planning, navigation, and training.
Greek Surgeon Pavlos Ioannou’s Possible Influence on William Halsted’s Famous Radical Mastectomy
Authors: Tsoucalas Gregory , Vladimiros Lazaros , Sgantzos Markos
Published: May 2017

Pavlos Ioannou performed an innovative surgical operation for breast cancer in Vienna University Hospital in 1861. A few years later, after his return to Greece, an operation performed on his closest friend’s child, which led to fatal complications, led him to retire from surgical practice. William Halsted travelled to Europe in order to master European surgery, including at Vienna University, and about 20 years later he published his famous method for radical mastectomy, which appears to be identical to Ioannou’s operation. This article debates whether Halsted studied Ioannou’s method in the archives of Vienna University (and was encouraged by Ioannou’s retirement to develop this technique), whether he learned about it through his peers, or whether this was simply a historical coincidence.
Pore characterization of heterogeneous building materials: Pyroclastic arid–based concrete
Authors: Gomez-Arriaran I , Roels S , Flores-Abascal I , Odriozola-Maritorena M , Martín K
Published: May 2017

In this article, the results of the hygroscopic characterization of a building material called ‘picón’, consisting of cement mortar and pyroclastic deposits from volcanic eruptions, are presented. The material obtained is used for the manufacture of blocks used in the construction of buildings in the Canary Islands. Picón is a heterogeneous material with uncontrolled particle size, having a pore system of very scattered sizes, what affects the moisture behaviour of the blocks. This heterogeneity results in a pore structure that affects the determination of the moisture properties of the material. In this work, this difficulty is faced, separately studying the pore structure of the cement paste and the aggregates, to come to a better interpretation of the concrete behaviour. The results indicate that the pore structure of the heterogeneous concrete differs from what could be expected from separately obtained porosimetry of each component of the concrete.
Adam Smith: So what if the sovereign shares in ignorance?
Authors: Marder Lev
Published: May 2017

Unfortunately, Adam Smith’s undeserved legacy as a proponent of laissez-faire and liberal institutions at the international scope inhibits profiting from his refined analysis of international affairs. I argue that the Wealth of Nations’ chapter on colonies contains Smith’s discussion of the sovereign’s adaptation to ignorance in global politics. I examine the sense in which the sovereign is ignorant according to Smith and how sovereigns adapt to ignorance with varying success. His comparative analysis suggests that reduction of one’s share in ignorance is not always desirable, and a priori rejection of ignorance is impractical because it deprives of a potentially advantageous resource. A careful reading of his work enables learning from his approach to global politics, without filtering it through his ideas on the free market.
MRI in the assessment and monitoring of multiple sclerosis: an update on best practice
Authors: Kaunzner Ulrike W. , Gauthier Susan A.
Published: May 2017

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has developed into the most important tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis (MS). Its high sensitivity for the evaluation of inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes in the brain and spinal cord has made it the most commonly used technique for the evaluation of patients with MS. Moreover, MRI has become a powerful tool for treatment monitoring, safety assessment as well as for the prognostication of disease progression. Clinically, the use of MRI has increased in the past couple decades as a result of improved technology and increased availability that now extends well beyond academic centers. Consequently, there are numerous studies supporting the role of MRI in the management of patients with MS. The aim of this review is to summarize the latest insights into the utility of MRI in MS.
Machine Learning Methods to Predict Diabetes Complications
Authors: Dagliati Arianna , Marini Simone , Sacchi Lucia , Cogni Giulia , Teliti Marsida , Tibollo Valentina , De Cata Pasquale , Chiovato Luca , Bellazzi Riccardo
Published: May 2017

One of the areas where Artificial Intelligence is having more impact is machine learning, which develops algorithms able to learn patterns and decision rules from data. Machine learning algorithms have been embedded into data mining pipelines, which can combine them with classical statistical strategies, to extract knowledge from data. Within the EU-funded MOSAIC project, a data mining pipeline has been used to derive a set of predictive models of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complications based on electronic health record data of nearly one thousand patients. Such pipeline comprises clinical center profiling, predictive model targeting, predictive model construction and model validation. After having dealt with missing data by means of random forest (RF) and having applied suitable strategies to handle class imbalance, we have used Logistic Regression with stepwise feature selection to predict the onset of retinopathy, neuropathy, or nephropathy, at different time scenarios, at 3, 5, and 7 years from the first visit at the Hospital Center for Diabetes (not from the diagnosis). Considered variables are gender, age, time from diagnosis, body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), hypertension, and smoking habit. Final models, tailored in accordance with the complications, provided an accuracy up to 0.838. Different variables were selected for each complication and time scenario, leading to specialized models easy to translate to the clinical practice.
Instrumental Measurements of Water and the Surrounding Space During a Randomized Blinded Controlled Trial of Focused Intention
Authors: Matos Luís Carlos , Santos Sara Cristina , Anderson Joel G. , Machado Jorge , Greten Henry Johannes , Monteiro Fernando Jorge
Published: May 2017

The main goal of this work was the assessment of measurable interactions induced by focused intention, frequently used in biofield practices such as Healing Touch and Reiki. Water, as the main component of the human body, was chosen as a model. Intention experiments were performed over 4 different days at a scheduled interval, during which 286 trained biofield practitioners from several countries were instructed to meditate with the intention to change the molecular vibrational state of water samples selected by a blinded operator. The experimental protocol was randomized, blinded, and controlled; the measured variables included Raman spectra and the pH and electrical conductance of the water, as well as the magnetic field and UV-VIS (ultraviolet-visible) radiation near the experimental spot. Although a direct causal relationship cannot be established, some measurements of the water samples, as well as the magnetic field and radiation near the experimental spot, were responsive during the experimental period.
Modified Qigong Breathing Exercise for Reducing the Sense of Hunger on an Empty Stomach
Authors: Voroshilov Alexander P. , Volinsky Alex A. , Wang Zhixin , Marchenko Elena V.
Published: May 2017

Background.

The aims of this study were to determine whether a modified Qigong breathing exercise can reduce the sense of hunger and identify possible mechanisms.

Methods.

The results from the test group, which performed the exercise, are compared with the control group, which performed deep breathing. Intestinal pressure measurements, stomach pH monitoring, and participant surveys were used for assessment.

Results.

Stomach pH was increased by 3 (0.2) and intestinal pressure was reduced by 12 (0.5) mm Hg in the experimental group and did not change significantly in the control group. The study provides strong evidence that the exercise can significantly reduce, or even suppress the sense of hunger on an empty stomach.

Conclusion.

This breathing exercise provides comfort in different circumstances, such as lack of regular meals, limited volume or caloric diet, and even during temporary complete absence of food in therapeutic fasting.
Ultrasonographic Characteristics of the Common Extensor Tendon of the Elbow in Asymptomatic Individuals: Thickness, Color Doppler Activity, and Bony Spurs
Authors: Krogh Thøger P. , Fredberg Ulrich , Ammitzbøl Christian , Ellingsen Torkell
Published: May 2017

Background:

Ultrasonography (US) of the common extensor tendon (CET) of the elbow is often part of the assessment of patients with lateral epicondylitis. This US assessment is currently based on general tendinopathy references and not well-defined US entities.

Purpose:

To describe CET thickness, color Doppler activity, and bony spurs on US in asymptomatic volunteers and to investigate the influence of sex, age, height, body mass index (BMI), weight, and elbow dominance on the measurements.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Tendon thickness, color Doppler activity, and bony spurs of the CET were measured sonographically in 264 adults (50% women) aged 20 to 96 years. Two different tendon-thickness measuring techniques were applied, labeled the “plateau measure” and the “1-cm measure.” Color Doppler activity was based on a 0 to 4 rating scale (negative, grades 0 and 1; positive, grades 2-4). A bony spur was defined as a bony outgrowth (≥0.3 mm) arising at the insertional site of the CET.

Results:

With both tendon-thickness measuring techniques, the CET in the dominant elbow was thicker than that in the nondominant elbow, and male tendons were thicker than female tendons (all P ≤ .03). In regression analysis, tendon thickness correlated with weight, color Doppler activity, and arm dominance for both measuring techniques in multiple regression analysis. In addition, the plateau measure correlated with height and the presence of bony spurs. No correlations were observed regarding BMI, sex, or age. Positive color Doppler activity was found in 9% of examined elbows, with no difference between the sexes regarding dominant versus nondominant elbows (all P ≥.20). Bony spurs were found to increase with age, from 23% for people in their 20s to 74% in people older than 70 years. Bony spurs were more common in the dominant elbow ( P ≤ .01). Women had a higher prevalence of bony spurs than men, but only in the dominant elbow ( P = .03).

Conclusion:

This study presents the US characteristics and normal values of the CET. In 264 asymptomatic participants, the CET was found to be thicker in men and in the dominant elbow. No difference in tendon thickness could be demonstrated with regard to different age groups. Color Doppler activity was found to be positive in nearly 1 of 10 asymptomatic subjects. Bony spurs were a common finding; they increased in prevalence with every decade in age and were considered part of the aging process. Normal variations in CET morphologic characteristics should therefore be considered when implementing US in trials and clinical practice.
Phenotypes of COPD patients with a smoking history in Central and Eastern Europe: the POPE Study
Authors: Koblizek Vladimir , Milenkovic Branislava , Barczyk Adam , Tkacova Ruzena , Somfay Attila , Zykov Kirill , Tudoric Neven , Kostov Kosta , Zbozinkova Zuzana , Svancara Jan , Sorli Jurij , Krams Alvils , Miravitlles Marc , Valipour Arschang
Published: May 2017

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a major health problem in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries; however, there are no data regarding clinical phenotypes of these patients in this region.

Participation in the Phenotypes of COPD in Central and Eastern Europe (POPE) study was offered to stable patients with COPD in a real-life setting. The primary aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of phenotypes according to predefined criteria. Secondary aims included analysis of differences in symptom load, comorbidities and pharmacological treatment.

3362 patients with COPD were recruited in 10 CEE countries. 63% of the population were nonexacerbators, 20.4% frequent exacerbators with chronic bronchitis, 9.5% frequent exacerbators without chronic bronchitis and 6.9% were classified as asthma–COPD overlap. Differences in the distribution of phenotypes between countries were observed, with the highest heterogeneity observed in the nonexacerbator cohort and the lowest heterogeneity observed in the asthma–COPD cohort. There were statistically significant differences in symptom load, lung function, comorbidities and treatment between these phenotypes.

The majority of patients with stable COPD in CEE are nonexacerbators; however, there are distinct differences in surrogates of disease severity and therapy between predefined COPD phenotypes.
The development and validation of the Bronchiectasis Health Questionnaire
Authors: Spinou Arietta , Siegert Richard J. , Guan Wei-jie , Patel Amit S. , Gosker Harry R. , Lee Kai K. , Elston Caroline , Loebinger Michael R. , Wilson Robert , Garrod Rachel , Birring Surinder S.
Published: May 2017

Health-related quality of life or health status is significantly impaired in bronchiectasis. There is a paucity of brief, simple-to-use, disease-specific health status measures. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Bronchiectasis Health Questionnaire (BHQ), a new health status measure that is brief and generates a single overall score.

Patients with bronchiectasis were recruited from two outpatient clinics, during a clinically stable stage. The development of the questionnaire followed three phases: item generation and item reduction using Rasch analysis, validation, and repeatability testing. The BHQ was translated into 11 languages using standardised methodology.

206 patients with bronchiectasis completed a preliminary 65-item questionnaire. 55 items were removed due to redundancy or poor fit to the Rasch model. The final version of the BHQ consisted of 10 items. Internal consistency was good (Cronbach's α=0.85). Convergent validity of the BHQ with the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire was high (r= −0.82; p<0.001) and moderate with lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted r= −0.27; p=0.001). There was a significant association between BHQ scores and number of exacerbations of bronchiectasis in the last 12 months (p<0.001), hospital admissions (p=0.001) and computed tomography scan bronchiectasis pulmonary lobe counts (p<0.001). BHQ scores were significantly worse in patients with sputum bacterial colonisationversusno colonisation (p=0.048). The BHQ was highly repeatable after 2 weeks (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.89).

The BHQ is a brief, valid and repeatable, self-completed health status questionnaire for bronchiectasis that generates a single total score. It can be used in the clinic to assess bronchiectasis from the patient's perspective.
Intensive care in thoracic oncology
Authors: Meert Anne-Pascale , Grigoriu Bogdan , Licker Marc , Van Schil Paul E. , Berghmans Thierry
Published: May 2017

The admission of lung cancer patients to intensive care is related to postprocedural/postoperative care and medical complications due to cancer or its treatment, but is also related to acute organ failure not directly related to cancer.

Despite careful preoperative risk management and the use of modern surgical and anaesthetic techniques, thoracic surgery remains associated with high morbidity, related to the extent of resection and specific comorbidities. Fast-tracking processes with timely recognition and treatment of complications favourably influence patient outcome. Postoperative preventive and therapeutic management has to be carefully planned in order to reduce postoperative morbidity and mortality.

For patients with severe complications, intensive care unit (ICU) mortality rate ranges from 13% to 47%, and hospital mortality ranges from 24% to 65%. Common predictors of in-hospital mortality are severity scores, number of failing organs, general condition, respiratory distress and the need for mechanical ventilation or vasopressors. When considering long-term survival after discharge, cancer-related parameters retain their prognostic value.

Thoracic surgeons, anesthesiologists, pneumologists, intensivists and oncologists need to develop close and confident partnerships aimed at implementing evidence-based patient care, securing clinical pathways for patient management while promoting education, research and innovation. The final decision on admitting a patient with lung to the ICU should be taken in close partnership between this medical team and the patient and his or her relatives.
Screening for pulmonary arterial hypertension in an unselected prospective systemic sclerosis cohort
Authors: Vandecasteele Els , Drieghe Benny , Melsens Karin , Thevissen Kristof , De Pauw Michel , Deschepper Ellen , Decuman Saskia , Bonroy Carolien , Piette Yves , De Keyser Filip , Brusselle Guy , Smith Vanessa
Published: May 2017

Screening for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) improves outcomes. The DETECT screening algorithm is recommended in a high-risk SSc subgroup. This study aims to compare prospectively the positive predictive value of screening using the DETECT algorithm and the 2009 European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society (ESC/ERS) guidelines, and to compare their cost-effectiveness in an unselected, day-to-day SSc population.Post hoc, screening according to the 2015 ESC/ERS guidelines using echocardiographic parameters alone (“2015 echo screening”) or combined with the DETECT algorithm (“2015 combined screening”) in high-risk subjects was analysed.

195 consecutive SSc patients included in the Ghent University Hospital SSc cohort were screened using different algorithms.

The referral rate for right heart catheterisation was 32% (63 out of 195 patients) (46/4/13/34/40 patients using the DETECT algorithm/2009 guidelines/both/2015 echo screening/2015 combined screening). Right heart catheterisation was performed in 53 patients (84%) (36 (78%)/four (100%)/13 (100%)/28 (82%)/32 (80%) patients recommended by the DETECT algorithm/2009 guidelines/both/2015 echo screening/2015 combined screening). PAH was diagnosed in three patients (incidence 1.5%·year–1, 95% CI 0.5–4.4), in whom all algorithms recommended a right heart catheterisation. The positive predictive value was 6% (95% CI 2–17%; three out of 49 patients) for the DETECT algorithm, 18% (95% CI 6–41%; three out of 17 patients) for the 2009 guidelines, 23% (95% CI 8–50%; three out of 13 patients) for both, 11% (95% CI 4–27%; three out of 28 patients) for the 2015 echo screening and 9% (95% CI 3–24%; three out of 32 patients) for the 2015 combined screening. The cost was EUR224/80/90/112 per patient using the DETECT algorithm/2009 guidelines/2015 echo screening/2015 combined screening.

Echocardiography may remain a candidate first step for PAH screening in SSc.
Shared genetic predisposition in rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease and familial pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Juge Pierre-Antoine , Borie Raphaël , Kannengiesser Caroline , Gazal Steven , Revy Patrick , Wemeau-Stervinou Lidwine , Debray Marie-Pierre , Ottaviani Sébastien , Marchand-Adam Sylvain , Nathan Nadia , Thabut Gabriel , Richez Christophe , Nunes Hilario , Callebaut Isabelle , Justet Aurélien , Leulliot Nicolas , Bonnefond Amélie , Salgado David , Richette Pascal , Desvignes Jean-Pierre , Lioté Huguette , Froguel Philippe , Allanore Yannick , Sand Olivier , Dromer Claire , Flipo René-Marc , Clément Annick , Béroud Christophe , Sibilia Jean , Coustet Baptiste , Cottin Vincent , Boissier Marie-Christophe , Wallaert Benoit , Schaeverbeke Thierry , Dastot le Moal Florence , Frazier Aline , Ménard Christelle , Soubrier Martin , Saidenberg Nathalie , Valeyre Dominique , Amselem Serge ,   the FREX consortium, Boileau Catherine , Crestani Bruno , Dieudé Philippe
Published: May 2017

Despite its high prevalence and mortality, little is known about the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). Given that familial pulmonary fibrosis (FPF) and RA-ILD frequently share the usual pattern of interstitial pneumonia and common environmental risk factors, we hypothesised that the two diseases might share additional risk factors, including FPF-linked genes. Our aim was to identify coding mutations of FPF-risk genes associated with RA-ILD.

We used whole exome sequencing (WES), followed by restricted analysis of a discrete number of FPF-linked genes and performed a burden test to assess the excess number of mutations in RA-ILD patients compared to controls.

Among the 101 RA-ILD patients included, 12 (11.9%) had 13 WES-identified heterozygous mutations in theTERT,RTEL1,PARNorSFTPCcoding regions.The burden test, based on 81 RA-ILD patients and 1010 controls of European ancestry, revealed an excess ofTERT,RTEL1,PARNorSFTPCmutations in RA-ILD patients (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.53–6.12; p=9.45×10−4). Telomeres were shorter in RA-ILD patients with aTERT,RTEL1orPARNmutation than in controls (p=2.87×10−2).

Our results support the contribution of FPF-linked genes to RA-ILD susceptibility.
Rapid-onset clozapine-induced loss of glycaemic control: Case report
Authors: Porras-Segovia Alejandro , Krivoy Amir , Horowitz Mark , Thomas George , Bolstridge Mark , Ion Dragos , Shergill Sukhwinder S.
Published: May 2017

Clozapine has proved to be an effective antipsychotic for the treatment of refractory schizophrenia – characterised by the persistence of symptoms despite optimal treatment trials with at least two different antipsychotics at adequate dose and duration – but its use is hampered by adverse effects. The development of clozapine-induced diabetes is commonly considered to arise as part of a metabolic syndrome, associated with weight gain, and thus evolves slowly. We present the case of an individual with refractory schizophrenia and metformin-controlled diabetes who developed rapid-onset insulin-dependent hyperglycaemia immediately after starting clozapine. Given the refractory nature of his illness, the decision was made to continue clozapine and manage the diabetes. This case supports the existence of a more direct mechanism by which clozapine alters glycaemic control, aside from the more routine slow development of a metabolic syndrome.
The planarian TRPA1 homolog mediates extraocular behavioral responses to near ultraviolet light
Authors: Birkholz Taylor R. , Beane Wendy S.
Published: May 2017

Although light is most commonly thought of as a visual cue, many animals possess mechanisms to detect light outside of the eye for various functions, including predator avoidance, circadian rhythms, phototaxis, and migration. Similar to C. elegans, leeches, and Drosophila larvae, we confirmed that planarians are also capable of detecting and responding to light using extraocular photoreception. We found that when either eyeless or decapitated worms were exposed to near ultraviolet (UV) light, intense wildtype photophobic behaviors were still observed. Our data also revealed that behavioral responses to green wavelengths were mediated by ocular mechanisms, whereas near UV responses were driven by extraocular mechanisms. As part of a candidate screen to uncover the genetic basis of extraocular photoreception in the planarian species Schmidtea mediterranea, we identified a potential role for a homolog of the transient receptor potential channel A1 (TRPA1) in mediating behavioral responses to extraocular light cues. RNA interference (RNAi) to Smed-TrpA resulted in worms that lacked extraocular photophobic responses to near UV light, a mechanism previously only identified in Drosophila. These data show that the planarian TRPA1 homolog is required for planarian extraocular light avoidance and may represent a potential ancestral function of this gene. TRPA1 is an evolutionarily conserved detector of temperature and chemical irritants, including reactive oxygen species that are byproducts of UV light exposure. Our results suggest that planarians possess extraocular photoreception and display an unconventional TRPA1-mediated photophobic response to near UV light.
Cranking up the heat: relationships between energetically costly song features and the increase in thorax temperature in male crickets and katydids
Authors: Erregger B. , Kovac H. , Stabentheiner A. , Hartbauer M. , Römer H. , Schmidt A. K. D.
Published: May 2017

Sexual displays of acoustically signalling insects are used in the context of mate attraction and mate choice. While energetic investment in sound production can increase the reproductive success of the sender, this entails metabolic costs. Resource allocation into sexually selected, reproductive traits can trade off against allocation to naturally selected traits (e.g., growth, immunity) when individuals' energy budgets are limited. Estimating the magnitude of the costs invested in acoustic signalling is necessary to understand this trade-off and its influence on fitness and life-history. To compare the costs associated with acoustic signalling for two ensiferan species, we simultaneously took respiratory measurements to record the rate of CO2 production and used infrared thermography to measure the increase in thorax temperature. Furthermore, to identify what combinations of acoustic parameters were energetically costly for the sender, we recorded the calling songs of 22 different cricket and katydid species for a comparative analysis and measured their thorax temperature while they sang.

Acoustic signalling was energetically costly for Mecopoda sp. and Anurogryllus muticus, requiring a 12- and 16-fold increase over resting levels in the CO2 production rate. Moreover, calling increased thorax temperature, on average, by 7.6 and 5.8°C, respectively. We found that the song intensity and effective calling rate, but not simply the chirp/trill duty cycle or the pulse rate alone were good predictors for the thorax temperature increase in males.
Correction manoeuvres in the surgical treatment of spinal deformities
Authors: Senkoylu Alpaslan , Cetinkaya Mehmet
Published: May 2017

Correction manoeuvres are as important as the other issues such as hardware selection, graft options, fusion and osteotomy techniques in the surgical treatment of spinal deformities. The property of materials demonstrating both viscous and elastic characteristics when undergoing deformation is called visco-elasticity. Purely elastic materials change in shape with a stress, and go back to their initial form when the stress is removed. However, visco-elastic materials, like the spine, may protect their new formation unless a back stress is applied. Time is a very important parameter during manoeuvre application to the spine because of its visco-elastic behavior. The most common correction manoeuvres that can be used for spinal deformities are rod de-rotation, distraction-compression, in situ rod bending, segmental de-rotation, en bloc de-rotation and cantilever. Spontaneous correction of a minor curve is possible after selective fusion of a major curve due to coupling phenomenon.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.170002. Originally published online at www.efortopenreviews.org
Pakistan and China: Partnership, Prospects and the Course Ahead
Authors: Rashida Hameed
Published: May 2017

Pakistan-China diplomatic relations span over six decades of persistent cordiality, represent a unique example in the current international political system. Until the turn of the century, this relationship was limited mostly to government-to-government, defense, political and diplomatic cooperation. However, since the start of this century, the relationship has expanded in economic, and socio-economic spheres. The realization that the two countries need each other more in the changed regional and global setting, is visible on both sides. Nevertheless, understanding of each other's society and culture is still a less-explored domain. Currently, bilateral cooperation, under the ambit of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has given this relationship an added impetus by bringing in extraordinary prospects of not only bilateral cooperation but also regional integration and development, and securing China's unhindered access to the rest of the world. Trade imbalance and evolving security challenges are some of mutual concerns warranting comprehensive treatment. The Indian postures towards the CPEC, and India's partnership with the US that aims to impede China's continuous progress have increased the significance of cooperation between Pakistan and China. Both states and societies should continue to evolve concepts, procedures and mechanisms for continuously keep augmenting the bond of friendship.
The Maritime Neighbor: Pakistan's Relations with Oman – A Review
Authors: Fatima Habib
Published: May 2017

Pakistan has four land neighbours. Two of these, India and Iran, also share maritime boundaries with Pakistan. Oman is the only country that shares a direct maritime boundary with Pakistan, through the Arabian Sea, without having a land connection. Relations between Pakistan and Oman have generally remained cordial. Historical, cultural and religious affinities bind the two states together. Defense sector ties are quite strong, and there is reasonable trade and commercial cooperation between the two sides. In addition, a sizeable number of Pakistanis living and working in Oman are an important linkage between the two sides. However, the relationship remains short of being as robust as the potential suggests. The two countries need to devise joint strategies to further cement it, and to make it broad-based.
‘The edge to him was really, really nasty’: abusive tactics used against informal supporters of domestic violence survivors
Authors: Gregory Alison Clare
Published: May 2017

Survivors of domestic violence and abuse (DVA) often seek support from people around them, and the responses, judgements and behaviours of these people have the potential to help or harm. Adults in survivors’ networks are rarely studied, and little consideration is given to what they might experience as they journey alongside the survivor. To address this, a qualitative study was conducted, with people who had a female friend, relative, neighbour or colleague who had experienced DVA, and the abusive behaviours experienced by participants were explored. Twenty-three interviews were conducted, and a thematic analysis of the narratives carried out. Findings indicated that participants had a variety of perpetrator behaviours directed towards them, including violence, threats, hostility, intimidation, despotism, punishment and manipulation. Occasionally these behaviours were overt, but frequently they were obscured, leading to confusion. There were parallels between behaviours used by perpetrators towards informal supporters, and those frequently used towards survivors. Factors that appeared to mediate what was experienced included characteristics of informal supporters, their relationship with the survivor, and whether there were children involved. These findings have important practical and policy implications if the needs of informal supporters of DVA survivors are to be recognised and met.
Identifying the key components of a ‘whole family’ intervention for families experiencing domestic violence and abuse
Authors: Stanley Nicky , Humphreys Cathy
Published: May 2017

‘Whole family’ interventions for families living with domestic violence and abuse (DVA) are emerging and some international practice examples are available. This study reports a process evaluation of a pilot delivered in Northern England that aimed to work with all members of families experiencing DVA. The evaluation involved analysis of detailed accounts of practice from learning logs and case workbooks as well as interviews with practitioners and family members. The voluntary nature of families’ involvement with the pilot, together with an explicit service philosophy of ‘meeting families where they are at’ appeared successful in engaging families. Pilot staff worked flexibly, seeing family members together and separately, but there was evidence of lower levels of confidence in work with perpetrators. Co-work enabled skills to be transferred to other professionals and social workers increased their use of risk assessment tools in DVA cases. However, there was uncertainty as to whether interagency communication improved across local agencies, and joint protocols and tools were slow to develop. This study is one of the first evaluations of ‘whole family’ interventions in DVA, and it illustrates how, when additional resources and organisational support are made available, a non-blaming approach that families find engaging can be developed.
Encouraging more efficient wardrobes through recirculation of idle apparel
Authors: Lapolla Kendra , Sanders Elizabeth B.-N.
Published: May 2017

Consumption and waste of clothing has dramatically increased in recent decades due to the acceleration of changing fashion trends. As a result of this expanding textile waste, this study explores the closet as a space for waste and further examines how creativity might assist in the reuse and recirculation of idle clothing in wardrobes. One way to encourage more efficient apparel reuse may be through effective recirculation of stored clothing that is no longer worn, yet remains a part of the wardrobe. By adopting participatory design research methods, specifically using stories and storytelling, the researchers aimed to explore how female consumers might use their creativity to reuse/recirculate clothing in their closets that they no longer wear. The data from this study illustrates the possible reasons idle clothing contributes to textile waste. Boredom with the same outfits, lack of time and disorganization are contributing to participants feeling less creative in coming up with new outfit ideas to best utilize their existing garments. Further, new strategies for the recirculation of idle apparel are discussed.
Clothing reuse: The potential in informal exchange
Authors: Laitala Kirsi , Klepp Ingun Grimstad
Published: May 2017

Reuse organized by non-profit and commercial actors is a sustainability strategy that recently received a lot of attention. This article discusses the question: what do we know about the amount of clothes that circulate outside the pecuniary markets? And is this amount increasing or declining? The questions are answered based on quantitative material from Norway. Almost twice as many had received used clothing as those who had bought used clothing, and our material do not indicate that this is declining. At the same time, 59 per cent of Norwegian adults had neither received nor bought used clothing for themselves during the past two years. For children, inheritance is very common and the younger the children are, the more they inherit. The amount of the private clothing exchange is greater than the formal market in Norway. Therefore, when the goal is a more sustainable clothing consumption, we need to include the parts of consumption that are not only related to money.
Little Dorrit and adaptation
Authors: Falchi Simonetta
Published: May 2017

This article considers the example of Andrew Davies’ 2008 adaptation of Charles Dickens’ Little Dorrit as a means by which to identify his ‘recognizable authorial voice’. When Davies refashioned this text for a millennial audience in a different medium and under the influence of the ‘canonical’ norms of classic novel adaptations, he necessarily confronted the Dickensian text with contemporary insights. This is evident in the way Davies subsequently adapts the Dickensian plot and, in particular, the character of Amy Dorrit. As the analysis of this essay shows, the TV series demonstrates Davies’ skills and distinctive authorial voice, with its characteristic ‘detached sympathetic irony’.
When drama theatre meets puppetry: How a unique symbiosis brought about distinctive changes in Bulgaria’s theatre
Authors: Stefanova Kalina
Published: May 2017

The text outlines the unique symbiosis between drama and puppetry that started taking shape on Bulgarian theatre stages in the mid-1990s and gradually became a distinctive new theatre reality that changed the face of Bulgarian theatre. It was created by Alexander Morfov, CREDO Theatre and Stefan Moskov, along with a number of actors – all of them puppet theatre graduates – in their collaboration with the Bulgarian National (and other drama) Theater(s).
To the last breath
Authors: Goršič Niko
Published: May 2017

While still a student of sociology, Damir Domitrović co-founded Club B-51 on Gerbičeva Street, a nexus of the subculture in Ljubljana. In 1991, during the beginnings of the wars in former Yugoslavia, he conceived the B-51 Cultural Society, then two years later started the EX PONTO festival as a sort of creative-spiritual meeting point of refugee artists from the Balkan Wars. In the 22 years since, it has grown into an important international festival of the performing arts. He supported the Rajvosa project, which was dedicated to the Bosnian minority community in Slovenia, was an instigator of the Kluže festival at the tri-border of Slovenia, Italy and Austria, and in 2005 co-founded the New European Theatre Action (NETA), the largest theatre network in South-Eastern Europe, which today encompasses 68 festivals and theatres in 20 countries.
Introduction
Authors: Aigner Franziska , Turkenich Uri
Published: May 2017

A series of interviews with artists involved with Tanztheater Wuppertal explores changes in the field of dance in the '70s and '80s in West Germany. Starting with Pina Bausch, the relation between choreographer and dancer shifted, blurring the line of role division. Raimund Hoghe, Susanne Linke, Dominique Mercy, William Forsythe, Reinhild Hoffmann and Vivienne Newport reflect on those changes, which coincided with broader socio-political transformations that were taking place in German society at the time.
At work with Pina Bausch: Friendship and love – An interview with Raimund Hoghe
Authors: Aigner Franziska , Turkenich Uri
Published: May 2017

Raimund Hoghe spoke about his work as a writer, articulating and giving form to the political and artistic climate of Germany from the 1960s onwards. Having worked with Pina Bausch as one of the first dramaturges of dance, he recalled the development of their friendship and working relation.