bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rhetorical Trajectories from the Early Heidegger
Authors: Marshall David L.
Published: February 2017

With the publication in 2002 of Martin Heidegger's summer semester 1924 lectures, “Basic Concepts of Aristotelian Philosophy,” a major new star appeared in the constellation that is twentieth-century rhetoric. Since then, a growing secondary literature has emerged. This article organizes that literature as a series of specifications closing in on Heidegger's critical conception of rhetoric as potentially a hermeneutic of the everydayness of being with others, and it claims that our understanding of this everydayness will remain flat or partial until we situate the concept in the sequence of Heidegger's thought in the 1920s. If we work through pre-1924, 1924, and post-1924 periods, it becomes clear that there are religious, modal, and sophistic contexts for Heidegger's evolving conceptualization of everydayness. The concept of everydayness that emerges is disheveled but rich. The article concludes by suggesting that only faint echoes of these potent rhetorical trajectories can be discerned in the late Heidegger.
Editorial
Authors: Rodrigues Noeli
Published: February 2017

Não Há
Summer undergraduate nursing research experience: Implementing a mentor-based research program for minority nursing undergraduates
Authors: Patel Darpan I. , Meling Vanessa , Somani Afsha , Larrotta Danila , Byrd David A.
Published: February 2017

The Summer Undergraduate Nursing Research Immersion Experience (SUNRISE) program was developed to provide opportunities for eligible underrepresented/underserved (UR/US) undergraduate nursing students to participate in a semi-structured summer research experience. First year undergraduate nursing students enrolled full-time in the Bachelor of Science in Nursing program were eligible to participate in SUNRISE. Significant improvements were seen in the student’s self-efficacy as scientists (pre: 4.4 ± 0.27; post: 4.6 ± 0.17) and the student’s perception of their role in research. Using a mentor-based approach, UR/US students were given one-on-one training that is often lacking in nursing programs. Though only in its first year, preliminary data suggest that the SUNRISE program can impact UR/US student’s sense of scientific efficacy preparing these students for success beyond nursing school.
An Empirical Analysis of Chinese College Learners’ Obstacles to MOOC Learning in an English Context
Authors: Liangxing LIU
Published: February 2017

This article reports a study applying an exploratory factor analysis to discovering the underlying factor structure of Chinese college students’ obstacles to learning MOOC in an English context. Seven obstacle factors are identified: 1. academic and language skills; 2. internet skills; 3. course instruction/ management; 4. learning motivations; 5. social interaction; 6. cost of learning; 7. time and support. The four independent variables that significantly affect Chinese college learners’ ratings of the obstacle factors are (a) learning enjoyment; (b) self-efficacy; (c) effectiveness of learning; (d) English proficiency level. The relationships among these independent variables and critical dependent variables are also explored.
Entrepreneurs, Strategy, Venturing Process and Industry Environment: A Configurational Approach to New Venture Emergence
Authors: Ye Qian
Published: February 2017

This study applied qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) as a viable method for new venture emergence. Through the inclusion of four-dimension variables from individuals, founding strategy, startup process, and environment, the study illuminates the importance of factor independence, factor interdependence, and factor complex causality in understanding new venture emergence. This study demonstrates the benefits of QCA approach to entrepreneurship research, a complement to the conventional variance-based approach. Limitations of QCA and future research directions are provided.
Quasilinear Utility and Two Market Monopoly
Authors: Layson Stephen K.
Published: February 2017

The use of quasilinear utility functions in economic analyses is widespread. This paper presents an overdue clarification on the implications of quasilinear utility for two market monopoly. The paper begins by deriving the demands facing a two market monopoly from a representative consumer with quasilinear utility. Expressions are derived for the profit margins expressed solely in terms of the own and cross-price elasticities of demand. The paper also analyzes the implications of quasilinear utility for other issues in two market monopoly: pricing below marginal cost in a market, third-degree price discrimination when the monopoly products are substitutes and pricing in the inelastic region of demands.
The Impacts of Non-Performing Loan on Profitability: An Empirical Study on Banking Sector of Dhaka Stock Exchange
Authors: Akter Rozina , Roy Jewel Kumar
Published: February 2017

The Banking sector of Bangladesh is trapped in a gridlock of non-performing loans (NPLs) so much so that NPL accounts for 11.60 percent of the total volume of classified loans. This problem has started to be widening with an evil trend of loan embezzlement among the industrial borrowers in our country. Frequent scam series in banking industry is surely a red light and unfortunately the commercial banks are highly surrounded by it. The goal of the study is to analyze the impact of non-performing loan (NPL) on profitability where in this study considered net interest margin (NIM). This paper attempts to find out the time series scenario of non-performing loans (NPLs), its growth, provisions and relation with banks profitability by using some ratios and a linear regression model of econometric technique. The empirical results represent that non-performing loan (NPL) as percentage of total loans on listed banks in Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) is very high and they holds more than 50 % of total non-performing loans (NPLs) of the listed 30 banks in Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) for year 2008 to 2013. Moreover it is one of the major factors of influencing banks profitability and it has statistically significant negative impact on net profit margin (NPM) of listed banks for the study periods.
Kapitalistische banken als criminele ondernemingen: de casus Wall Street
Authors: Friedrichs D.O.
Published: February 2017

Capitalist banks as criminal enterprises

The central thesis of this article is that the structure of the present financial system, its culture, and its collective practices and policies are fundamentally criminal and criminogenic. The harms emanating from this financial system are exponentially greater than those emanating from the disadvantaged environments that generate a disproportionate percentage of conventional crime. Accordingly, on various levels, there is much at stake in more fully and directly recognizing and identifying many core policies and practices of the financial system for what they are: crimes on a very large scale.
Drie drijvende krachten achter bedrijfscriminaliteit
Authors: Brummelkamp G.W. , Huisman W. , Flikweert T.
Published: February 2017

Three driving forces of business crime. An empirical study of fraud in small and medium sized enterprises

This article gives a report of an empirical study on business crime among small and medium sized enterprises (< 250 employees). The researchers examined 37 cases of business crime by interviewing the entrepreneurs. They were asked how the offence occurred, about their personal stake and their reflections on the interests that were impaired. Although the concept of business crime covers a huge amount of unlawful actions committed with various intentions, in the end there are three main driving forces: control, opportunity and motivation. Control refers to the entrepreneurs’ professionalism and ability to bring business processes – that can be rather complex – in line with regulations. Opportunity refers to the economic interest c.q. the (opportunity) costs of compliance. Motivation refers to the entrepreneurs’ perception of responsibility toward direct stakeholders and social values.
Faillissementsfraude: een hardnekkig fenomeen
Authors: Kemp F.
Published: February 2017

Bankruptcy fraud: a persistent phenomenon. Plea for a preventive approach

In the Netherlands new criminal law measures will be introduced to prevent and combat bankruptcy fraud. In this article the author argues that the emphasis on criminal law measures is not sufficient to effectively tackle the phenomenon of bankruptcy fraud because prosecution and punishment always occur after the damage is done. What is needed is an integrated approach realising preventive measures, such as tools to detect fraud at an early stage. Fraud is, after all, characterised by typical behaviour that throws up digital red flags. After detecting those red flags subsequent action can be taken to stop the fraud. Also modernising the Trade Register would contribute considerably to the protection of creditors.
Oorzaken van fraude in de zorgsector
Authors: Groot W. , Maassen van den Brink H.
Published: February 2017

The causes of fraud in the health care sector

Health care fraud and abuse has long been ignored or downplayed in the Netherlands. Increased media attention has put the issue more on the agenda. Health care fraud can erode the willingness to pay the compulsory contributions for health care among the population. Exact figures on health care fraud are still unavailable, although examples of fraudulent behavior are manifold. The risk of health care fraud is high due to the complexity and lack of transparency of the reimbursement system, the autonomy of the health care professional, the lack of adequate control, governance and attention for compliance in health care. What is needed to combat fraud in health care is a ‘zero tolerance’ policy. For this more attention to compliance and a change in the culture that ignores and condones fraud in health care are necessary.
Levitin-Polyak well-posedness of completely generalized mixed variational inequalities in reflexive banach spaces
Authors: Ceng Lu-Chuan , Wen Ching-Feng
Published: February 2017

Let $X$ be a real reflexive Banach space. In this paper, we first introduce the concept of Levitin-Polyak well-posedness of a completely generalized mixed variational inequality in $X$, and establish some characterizations of its Levitin-Polyak well-posedness. Under suitable conditions, we prove that the Levitin-Polyak well-posedness of a completely generalized mixed variational inequality is equivalent both to the Levitin-Polyak well-posedness of a corresponding inclusion problem and to the Levitin-Polyak well-posedness of a corresponding fixed point problem. We also derive some conditions under which a completely generalized mixed variational inequality in $X$ is Levitin-Polyak well-posed. Our results improve, extend and develop the early and recent ones in the literature.
The Effects of Health Education Given by Nurses to COPD Patients on the Daily Oxygen Concentrator Usage Time
Authors: Doğan Uğur , Ovayolu Nimet
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Long-term oxygen therapy is the most effective method which has been shown to prolong the lifespan in people with COPD. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of health education given by nurses to patients with COPD on the daily oxygen concentrator (OC) usage time. Material and methods: The study was carried out in a State Hospital, Turkey, between July and November 2015. After given consent to the study, participants were divided into intervention and control groups by simple random sampling method. Then data forms were filled during face-to-face interview. Firstly, the data describing patients’ arrival times were collected retrospectively. Afterwards, the patients from the intervention group were educated through educational booklets prepared by the researchers. They were phoned in the weeks 4, 8 and 12th for problems they might have encountered during the use of OC. After the 14th week, data forms of patients from the both groups were filled again; the results were compared with previous clinical findings. Data were analysed using SPSS 15.0 for Windows. Results: It was determined that 95.5% of patients did not get information about the use of OC. Daily OC usage time (hour) by patients in the intervention group firstly amounted to 5.69 ± 3.90, later on to 11.94 ± 4.73 (p < 0.05). Whereas when clinical findings concerning pre- and post educational periods were compared; a significant improvement in PaO2, PaCO2, FEV1 and SaO2 of patients in the intervention group (p < 0.05) was shown, contrary to the control group. Conclusions: It may be recommended that patients receive continuous education and close monitoring of their results.
Thyroid Gland in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Miłkowska-Dymanowska Joanna , Białas Adam , Laskowska Paulina , Górski Paweł , Piotrowski Wojciech
Published: February 2017

The risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as thyroid diseases increases with age. COPD is a common systemic disease associated with chronic inflammation. Many endocrinological disorders, including thyroid gland diseases are related to systemic inflammation. Epidemiological studies suggest that patients with COPD are at higher risk of thyroid disorders. These associations are not well-studied and thyroid gland diseases are not included on the broadly acknowledged list of COPD comorbidities. They may seriously handicap quality of life of COPD patients. Unfortunately, the diagnosis may be difficult, as many signs are masked by the symptoms of the index disease. The comprehension of the correlation between thyroid gland disorders and COPD may contribute to better care of patients. In this review, we attempt to revise available literature describing existing links between COPD and thyroid diseases.
A Debate: Can We Recommend Electronic Cigarettes to Our Patients? Opinion 2
Authors: Poznański Michał , Pietras Tadeusz , Antczak Adam
Published: February 2017

Electronic cigarettes are more and more frequently used to deliver nicotine. They are used both by the users of regular cigarettes and those who to date have not smoked. The literature about potential impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems on health is constantly growing. Particular concern is expressed about toxicity of chemical compounds and elements delivered with the vapour of electronic cigarettes. It turns out that products that have positive image in media, actually are not so beneficial. Furthermore, they not only may cause damage to health but also death.
Informality and Its Impact on the Poor of the Albanian Society
Authors: Sinaj Zamira
Published: February 2017

Poverty is a complex phenomenon involving various dimensions of not only the lack of goods and services. Being poor means being sick and not being able to see a doctor; all that it means to be unemployed and do not have a secure future; the poor rate it mean to be illiterate, not being able to attend school or abandon eaten; poverty rate means lack of many services and tools for everyday life. It 'hard to give a final definition of poverty because it varies from one period to another and from one country to another. Furthermore, poverty can be measured and evaluated in different ways. The evaluation of poverty based on a multidimensional definition of poverty and deprivation in income or consumption, seen from the flows, but also the non-monetary context poverty defined on my inadequacy of a series of welfare measures that have no income, as in education, health, empowerment, access to basic services and infrastructure.
State of Women in Academia: Extent of Supportive Environment for Female Researchers
Authors: Alrashidi Khadija M. Althuwaimer
Published: February 2017

While women’s rights activists and advocates fight for equality in the professions, the state of women in academic research is not very impressive. Fewer women are actively undertaking major doctoral studies and research. Although the number increases at a very low rate, women’s participation, specifically in science, technology, engineering, and information technology research at academic levels or for doctoral purposes, is minimal. In this situation, many acclaimed authors have reasoned that womanhood itself and gender-specific attributions cause low participation in academia. A few have referred to motherhood as well. At this juncture, this literature review explores whether environmental support and facilitation are more responsible for this situation than gender attributes are by approaching the topic from the viewpoint of the extent of environmental support for women researchers.
Factors which Influence Students Enterpreneurship Intentions: The Role of Education Programs, Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavioral Control
Authors: Cera Elona , Furxhiu Nevila
Published: February 2017

The entrepreneur aim is a very important factor, which is considered as a key element in youth employment and the development of the country's welfare. Literature suggests that same of factors which influence enterpreneurship intention are educatin programs, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. This study was conducted based on an intentional sample, which consisted of master's student, respectively the first year Business Administration and Public Administration, in Economic Faculty of Tirana University. The sample is composed with 63 people. The empirical analysis is based in the main two elements: first, the use of a standardized instrument and secondly, statistical analysis, factor analysis, correlation and linear regression. The study shows that education programs and subjective norms don’t relate positively with the entrepreneur aim. On the other hand, it emerges that perceived behavioral control has a positive impact on the development of entrepreneurial goal.
Assessment of English Grammar Functioning Level of Class Three Prelingually Deaf Learners in Kenya
Authors: Adera Ogutu Tobias , Joash Kochung Edwards , Oracha Adoyo Peter , Maina Matu Peter
Published: February 2017

Learners in different countries are currently being taught language at their functioning level irrespective of grade levels. District Evaluation Tests in Kenya indicate that Class Three prelingually deaf learners are not being taught English at their functioning level. During the period 2010 - 2012, the learners obtained mean scores of 19.1-29.9%. However, the results did not show their functioning level in grammar to facilitate suitable intervention The purpose of the study was to assess the leaners′ functioning level in English grammar.. Theory of Syntax by Noam Chomsky was adapted and used. The study employed qualitative and evaluative research designs Study population consisted of 337 prelingually deaf learners and 65 English teachers. Multi-Stage and purposive sampling techniques were used to select 178 learners and 16 teachers respectively for the study Data was collected using a questionnaire and a test. The instruments were verified for validity. and tested for reliability. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and error analysis. None (0.0%) of the 178 learners obtained the criterion pass mark of 50%. The learners′ functioning level in English grammar was found to be at Class One level at the beginning of the school year. It was recommended that the learners be taught English grammar from Class One level at the beginning of the school year. The findings may be used by schools and the Ministry of Education for intervention.
The Spatial Distribution of the Basic Education Schools in Lattakia City (Syria)
Authors: Wazzan Kinda
Published: February 2017

The main aim of the study is to detect the spatial degree of inequality and adequacies in the provision of first and second stage of basic education schools between different wards of Lattakia city, with respect to the population they serve. Secondary data were used for this study sourced from the inventory of the Educational Direction and the Direction of Statistic of Lattakia. Statistical techniques were employed to analyze data such as Mean deviation, Locational Quotient, Lorenz Curve and Ratio Schools/pop. The findings of the study indicated that the population and number of schools are not equidistributed. This revealed the existing of gaps in access to this facility between wards with some wards experiencing glut and concentration while other suffering lack and have no adequate access to this facility: for both F.S. and S.S. schools, L.Q. value varies from 0 to 2.6, and from 1.94 to 0.6 for S.S; Ratio population/schools varies from 1:2971.7 to 1:16776, and from 1:50329 to 1:5057. Lorenz Curve indicate that about 50 % of schools are enjoined by about 50 % for F.S. schools and 60% for S.S. schools. The study concluded that there was a need for intervention of planners and government in the provision of basic schools in deficient wards to enhance human development.
Critical Discourse Analysis of Interfaith Marriage News from Cyber Media in Indonesia
Authors: Susanto Eko Harry , Zhang Silviana Dharma
Published: February 2017

In Indonesia, there are three preconditions for a successful marriage: being of legal age for marriage; parental approval, especially from the father; and religious and ethnic compatibility. The Indonesian Marriage Law provides that “a marriage is legitimate, if it has been performed according to the laws of the respective religions and beliefs of the parties concerned”. This clause indirectly prohibits inter-religious or interfaith marriage. Therefore, every religion in Indonesia encourages it followers to marry someone of the same religious faith. This research examines the issue of interfaith marriage as reported by Indonesia’s cyber media. Case studies are presented to explain why different media institutions have differing stances on the issue. Using a qualitative approach, the research uses the analytical data technique of Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis. The authors analyzed three cyber media, Republika Online, Kompas.com, and Sinarharapan.co from September to December 2014. One key aim was to discover which media have the tendency to support diversity, discourse practice, and sociocultural practice. Results indicated that Islam-oriented media, such as Republika Online, tend to reject the movement for the legalization of interfaith marriage, as interfaith marriage is banned by Islamic shari’ law. Secular online media, such as Kompas.com with an independent ethos of transcendental humanism, lean toward support for rights and legal certainty for interfaith spouses. Meanwhile, Christian-oriented Sinarharapan.co tended to neglect the issue, as if deeming it irrelevant to its readership.
Comparative Statistics on the Activities Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund (ACGSF) Among Oil Producing States of Nigeria
Authors: Isiorhovoja Rodney Akpoviri
Published: February 2017

This paper reviewed the activities of the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund (ACGSF) in the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) covered states for the period 1991 to 2011. The objectives were to compare variation in the number and value of loans guaranteed to these states and to determine the stability or otherwise of the relationship between number of loan beneficiaries and the value of loans guaranteed to beneficiaries with the introduction of the NDDC in 2000. The hypothesis was that the relationship between the value and number of loans guaranteed to farmers in these states under the ACGSF did not undergo structural change with the introduction of NDDC. Time series data were obtained from the Statistical bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN, 2011) for the period 1991 to 2011 on the total number and value of loans guaranteed. They were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, namely; ANOVA and Chow test. Among the findings were: that there was no significant variation in the number and value of loans guaranteed among the nine states in the period under review; that CV were particularly high in value of loans guaranteed for all the states and in both variables for Delta State; that number of loans guaranteed were under 1000 units for all the states in the period reviewed but the value of loan increased dramatically since 2004, thus farmers coverage was low and static; that the null hypothesis of no structural break was accepted for Akwa Ibom, Delta, Imo and Rivers States but rejected for Abia, Cross River, Edo and Ondo States. The conclusion was that ACGSF can do better. It was recommended that ACGSF should minimize variability in annual total value of loans disbursed and that there should be a closer institutional linkage between the financiers of ACGSF and NDDC to facilitate farmers maximization of the benefits from these two institutions.
Customer Satisfaction, Efficiency, and Capital Structure as Determinants of Performance Transportation Companies in Indonesia
Authors:   Mursalim, Sanusi Abdullah , Thayf Hendragunawan S. , Alamzah Nur
Published: February 2017

This study aimed to describe the influence of customer satisfaction, efficiency and optimal capital structure to the increase of the performance of transportation companies in Indonesia. The study was designed in the relationship between variables. The data used is secondary data obtained from the Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD) and the website of 22 companies that were used as samples for 3 years. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics analysis to test the hypothesis. The result showed that the efficiency affected customer satisfaction and was reflected in the sales growth of the company. However, it did not have an impact on the level of capital structure as reflected in DER and the performance which reflected in ROA. We also found that there was an indirect effect on the efficiency of the capital structure and performance through customer satisfaction. We also found that there is a significant indirect influence on the efficiency and the performance through customer satisfaction and capital structure. Customer satisfaction capital affects the structure. When customer satisfaction is high, which is reflected in higher sales growth aspect, it will have an impact on the high capital structure, which is reflected in DER. The result shows that customer satisfaction has an effect on the performance. When customer satisfaction is high, which is reflected in higher sales growth aspect, it will have an impact on the high performance, which is reflected in aspects of ROA. The result also indicates that capital structure affects the performance. When a capital structure is high, which is reflected by the high DER aspects, it will impact on the high performance, which is reflected on aspects of ROA.
Research Application Method of Analyzing New Economic Model Followed in Albania
Authors: Ramosacaj Miftar , Dumi Alba Robert
Published: February 2017

In my topic, I would like to present theoretical approaches and concrete direction of the new economic model that Albania should follow, based on the current situation that Albania experienced in global economy. In this paper, initially, I will present an overview of the Albanian economic transition and then I will suggest a heap of conclusions based on 20 years of history of success and failures. Primarily,concerning Europe means to have clear concepts, in order to build and to consolidate a system of economic and social-capitalist-comprehension. Have you ever thought to raise a question, and more we tried to make a qualitative analysis of policy which responses to specific questions or queries following correctly: what is the most appropriate model for Albania capitalism?Are we building a coherent and structured model or are we building a mosaic of elements of capitalism for Albania, whose portrait we do not know any more and that we didn’t ‘’projected” yet and no one else has done it in a long-term vision? The best response is a response expected of the type `as far as our final objective is the European Union, and then our model of capitalism will be European capitalist model, then the problem starts here. Capitalism has some basic principles and rules that form the core of it, but on the other hand each country is profiling capitalism according to the specifications of his choices. France has chosen the model of “capitalism of State”, Germany and the Nordic countries “social-democratic-capitalism”, ‘’liberal capitalism of England’’ as English-Saxon one, etc.In this regard the experts or politicians, should not reduce any debate, analysis or summary only of certain elements of the system of market, individual freedom, comparative advantages, social policy, which means the role and presence of the state in the economy, system of taxation, social security and the system of pensions, in order to build a port in its entirety capitalist model that we really need in Albania.
The Factors that Affect Qatari College Students’ Motivation and Attitudes to Learn English
Authors: Sabbah Sabah Salman
Published: February 2017

This qualitative study investigated the factors that affected the motivation and receptivity of English as a second language of female students who enrolled in the English Language center of the Foundation Program in the Community College of Qatar in the academic year 2015/2016. Besides, the study attempted to identify the mechanisms that are used by families, teachers, college administrators, and classmates that motivate or demotivate the students. Finally, the study tried to identify how the classroom environment impacted students’ motivation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 8 students in different ESL levels in which the participants were asked different questions related to the impact of five dimensions on the respondents’ motivation to learn English. These dimensions are concerned about family impact, teachers’ impact, administrators’ impact, classmates’ impact, and impact of the respondents’ willingness and goals to learn the target language. The questions were validated by a jury of five specialists in teaching and educational psychology prior to the interviews. The interviews were recorded, transliterated, and analyzed manually and by Atlas.it software. Codes and categories were established based on the interviews. Frequencies of words, verbs and adjectives used by the respondents in their talk, were calculated. Results showed that students’ were affected by all the above-mentioned dimensions at different proportions. The results also depicted the importance of the necessity to provide help, encouragement and emotional support to students by their socio-cultural relationships with their families, teachers, administrators and classmates.
There Can be a Syntax of Thought Related to Logical Forms
Authors: López-Astorga Miguel
Published: February 2017

Nowadays, a very important theory, the mental models theory, is demonstrating that it is able to explain most of the results in reasoning experiments reported by the cognitive science literature. However, this has a consequence. The mental models theory is mainly focused on content and meaning, and its theses can lead to reject the idea that syntax plays a role in the human mind and that reasoning is logical. But, in this paper, I try to show that it is possible to accept the basic framework of the mental models theory and, at the same time, to continue to claim that there are syntactic and formal logical processes coherent with the way our mind works. To do that, I argue that, even accepting that the mental models theory describes correctly the processes why certain combinations of possibilities are detected, it can be stated that the relationships between such combinations indicated by the theory are consistent with, for example, the modal axiomatic system K.
Progressivity Punggawa-Sawi in Sustaining Flying Fish Resources on Culture Patorani Takalar District South Sulawesi Indonesia
Authors: Syarif Erman , Fatchan Ach. ,   Sumarmi, Astina I Komang
Published: February 2017

Punggawa-sawi is a member in fishing communities patorani, specifically fishermen hunt flying fish and flying fish egg collectors. The purpose of this research is: (1) describe the role of punggawa-sawi in religious rituals before going to sea, and (2) describe the role of punggawa-sawi in the process of catching the flying fish and eggs. This type of research is qualitative ethnographic approach. The research location in Takalar and the subject of research is punggawa and sawi greens in conserving flying fish resources. Data retrieval is conducted through observation, interview and documentation. The validity of the data carried out through the technique of triangulation, member check and audit trail. The results of the study suggesting that the role of punggawa-sawi greens flying fish in preserving resources, seen in two forms namely: (1) a role in religious rituals for safety and respect for the ruler of the sea. The ritual performed in the District Galesong coastal and island Sanrobengi. The ritual is, anynyikko pakkaja, appakruru bale-bale, apparek kalomping, annisik biseang, and songkobala. (2) The role of punggawa-sawi in the process of fly fishing visible in the form of arrest strategies using traditional fishing gear pakkaja and bale-bale. Measures to preserve the flying fish resources namely by letting the eggs are maturing gonat to rebreed being a flying fish.
How Safe Is Your Neighborhood? Iranian Women’s Perception of Safety and Security
Authors: Asl Shideh Shakouri , Lak Azadeh
Published: February 2017

Safety and security are considered as basic human needs and fundamental rights. Women, who are among the most vulnerable groups, need more safety and security in neighborhoods. Using a conceptual model, this study explored factors contributing to women's perceptions of safety and security in their neighborhood. In the context of the North Salsabil neighborhood of Tehran (Iran’s capital city), a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods was applied. The qualitative method was based on the responses of 20 women to semi-structured interview questions; the responses were analyzed applying content analysis. In the quantitative phase, stratified random sampling was used to contact the female participants (N = 200) aged 18 to 65 years old. The measurement instrument used was a questionnaire based on conceptual model indices. The results revealed that women's perception of security in the neighborhood was associated with three main factors: individual characteristics, local community features, and built environment characteristics.
The Importance of Online Exposure when Applying for a Job
Authors: Rosendo Maria Inês , Oliveira Abílio
Published: February 2017

The rapid growth and development of information and communication technologies enabled the transition to a global and dynamic communication model. Among the many communication tools that have emerged, online social networks have proven to be the most popular. Its success has to do with the ability to converge several features into a single space, allowing users to share knowledge and experiences, maintain contact with their peers, as well as communicate freely and spontaneously. However, using these virtual platforms we are, inevitably, creating an online history that can affect our personal and professional lives. Facing a difficult and competitive job market, companies seek to capture the best talents, within their list of job candidates. In this context, companies are starting to screen online profiles to validate candidates’ personal characteristics in a non-professional environment. The main purpose of this study is to understand the importance of the activities in online social networks when applying for a job, especially among recent graduates, who are seeking their first professional experience. Results show that even though recent graduates take caution when using social networking sites, especially Facebook, online exposure is not considered an important factor when undergoing employment processes.
Navike u ishrani i erozije zuba kod djece
Authors: Božić Milica , Vicko Kristina
Published: February 2017

Uvod. Erozije zuba predstavljaju gubitak tvrde zubne supstance, hemijskimputem, bez uticaja bakterija. Prema klasifikaciji Svjetske zdravstvene organizacijetretiraju se kao oboljenje. Sve veća pažnja se usmjerava na pojavu erozijakod djece zbog učestale konzumacije kisele hrane i napitaka. Cilj istraživanjaje bio da se utvrde i uporede navike u ishrani djece sa erozijama i bez erozija,ispita stepen gubitka tvrde zubne supstance i osjetljivost zahvaćenih zuba,utvrdi nivo rizika i potreban terapijski postupak i ispita informisanost roditeljao mogućim uzrocima erozija.Metode. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 40 djece, oba pola, uzrasta od 6 do 15godina. Ispitanici su činili dvije grupe: A – djeca sa erozijama i B – djeca bezerozija. Upitnike za ispitivanje navika u ishrani popunjavali su roditelji. Zadijagnozu erozija, procjenu gubitka tvrde zubne supstance i procjenu nivoarizika radi odgovarajuće terapije korišćen je BEWE indeks (Basic ErosiveWear Examination), a za dijagnozu osjetljivosti SCHIFF indeks (Schiff ColdAir Sensitivity Scale).Rezultati. Djeca sa erozijama češće konzumiraju voćne sokove u odnosu nadjecu bez erozija (p = 0,035). Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika izmeđumišljenja dvije grupe roditelja o štetnom dejstvu voćnih sokova (p = 0,037).Najveći gubitak tvrde zubne supstance bio je početni (75%), najviše je zahvataostalne zube.Zaključak. Značajno veći procenat djece sa erozijama je pio voćne sokove uodnosu na djecu bez erozija. Procenat roditelja djece bez erozija, koji je znaoza štetno dejstvo voćnih sokova na zube, bio je značajno veći od procentaroditelja djece sa erozijama. Erozijom su češće bili zahvaćeni stalni u odnosuna mliječne zube, a kod 75% ispitanih zuba dijagnostikovan je početni gubitaktvrde zubne supstance. Erozije se javljaju u ranom dječijem uzrastu. Informisanostroditelja i djece o štetnom djelovanju kisele hrane utiče na pojavu iprevenciju erozija u dječijem uzrastu.
ZNAČAJNOSTI RAZLIKA U IZVOĐENJU IZDVOJENIH TESTOVA EUROFIT BATERIJE IZMEĐU DJEČAKA VI I VII RAZREDA
Authors: Cicović Borislav , Bjelica Bojan , Miljić Radivoje
Published: February 2017

Uzorak od 40 ispitanika u ovom istraživanju izvučen je iz populacije učenika osnovnihškola sa teritorije opštine Lopare, šestog i sedmog razreda, starosti od 11-13 godina ± 6mjeseci. Učenici pohađaju redovnu nastavu predviđenu programom u osnovnim školama.Osnovni cilj istraživanja je da se utvrde razlike u izvođenju eurofit baterije testova izmeđudječaka šestog i sedmog razreda osnovne škole. Primjenjeni su testovi: izdržaj u zgibu (MIZ),taping rukom (MTR), skok udalj (MSD), ležanje u sijed (MLS), trčanje 20x5m (M20), bacanjemedicinke iz sijeda (MBM), flamingo test ravnoteže (MFT), sijed i dohvat (MSD). Rezultatisu obrađeni T-testom za nezavisne uzorke. Dobijeni rezultati istraživanja su pokazalistatistički značane razlike u skoro svim primjenjenim testovima u korist učenika sedmograzreda, osim u testu ležanje u sijed i flamingo testu ravnoteže što opravdava trend razvojamotoričkih sposobnosti s obzirom na uzrast odvija u skladu sa zakonitostima razvojapomenutih.
A role for cerebellum in the hereditary dystonia DYT1
Authors: Fremont Rachel , Tewari Ambika , Angueyra Chantal , Khodakhah Kamran
Published: February 2017

DYT1 is a debilitating movement disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in torsinA. How these mutations cause dystonia remains unknown. Mouse models which have embryonically targeted torsinA have failed to recapitulate the dystonia seen in patients, possibly due to differential developmental compensation between rodents and humans. To address this issue, torsinA was acutely knocked down in select brain regions of adult mice using shRNAs. TorsinA knockdown in the cerebellum, but not in the basal ganglia, was sufficient to induce dystonia. In agreement with a potential developmental compensation for loss of torsinA in rodents, torsinA knockdown in the immature cerebellum failed to produce dystonia. Abnormal motor symptoms in knockdown animals were associated with irregular cerebellar output caused by changes in the intrinsic activity of both Purkinje cells and neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei. These data identify the cerebellum as the main site of dysfunction in DYT1, and offer new therapeutic targets.
Opportunities drive the global distribution of protected areas
Authors: Baldi Germán , Texeira Marcos , Martin Osvaldo A. , Grau H. Ricardo , Jobbágy Esteban G.
Published: February 2017

Background

Protected areas, regarded today as a cornerstone of nature conservation, result from an array of multiple motivations and opportunities. We explored at global and regional levels the current distribution of protected areas along biophysical, human, and biological gradients, and assessed to what extent protection has pursued (i) a balanced representation of biophysical environments, (ii) a set of preferred conditions (biological, spiritual, economic, or geopolitical), or (iii) existing opportunities for conservation regardless of any representation or preference criteria.

Methods

We used histograms to describe the distribution of terrestrial protected areas along biophysical, human, and biological independent gradients and linear and non-linear regression and correlation analyses to describe the sign, shape, and strength of the relationships. We used a random forest analysis to rank the importance of different variables related to conservation preferences and opportunity drivers, and an evenness metric to quantify representativeness.

Results

We find that protection at a global level is primarily driven by the opportunities provided by isolation and a low population density (variable importance = 34.6 and 19.9, respectively). Preferences play a secondary role, with a bias towards tourism attractiveness and proximity to international borders (variable importance = 12.7 and 3.4, respectively). Opportunities shape protection strongly in “North America & Australia–NZ” and “Latin America & Caribbean,” while the importance of the representativeness of biophysical environments is higher in “Sub-Saharan Africa” (1.3 times the average of other regions).

Discussion

Environmental representativeness and biodiversity protection are top priorities in land conservation agendas. However, our results suggest that they have been minor players driving current protection at both global and regional levels. Attempts to increase their relevance will necessarily have to recognize the predominant opportunistic nature that the establishment of protected areas has had until present times.
Effect of interleukin (IL)-35 on IL-17 expression and production by human CD4+ T cells
Authors: Okada Kosuke , Fujimura Takeki , Kikuchi Takeshi , Aino Makoto , Kamiya Yosuke , Izawa Ario , Iwamura Yuki , Goto Hisashi , Okabe Iichiro , Miyake Eriko , Hasegawa Yoshiaki , Mogi Makio , Mitani Akio
Published: February 2017

Background

Interleukin (IL)-17 produced by mainly T helper 17 (Th17) cells may play an important destructive role in chronic periodontitis (CP). Thus, anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-35, might have a beneficial effect in periodontitis by inhibiting differentiation of Th17 cells. Th17 differentiation is regulated by the retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR)α(encoded byRORA) and RORγt (encoded byRORC). However, the role of IL-35 in periodontitis is not clear and the effect of IL-35 on the function of Th17 cells is still incompletely understood. Therefore, we investigated the effects of IL-35 on Th17 cells.

Methods

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were sampled from three healthy volunteers and three CP patients and were analyzed by flow cytometry for T cell population. Th17 cells differentiated by a cytokine cocktail (recombinant transforming growth factor-β, rIL-6, rIL-1β, anti-interferon (IFN)-γ, anti-IL-2 and anti-IL-4) from PBMCs were cultured with or without rIL-35.IL17A(which usually refers to IL-17),RORAandRORCmRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and IL-17A production was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

The proportion of IL-17A+CD4+slightly increased in CP patients compared with healthy controls, however, there were no significant differences in the percentage of IL-17A+CD4+as well as IFN-γ+CD4+and Foxp3+CD4+T cells between healthy controls and CP patients.IL17A,RORAandRORCmRNA expression was significantly increased in Th17 cells induced by the cytokine cocktail, and the induction was significantly inhibited by addition of rIL-35 (1 ng/mL). IL-17A production in Th17 cells was significantly inhibited by rIL-35 addition (1 ng/mL).

Discussion

The present study suggests that IL-35 could directly suppress IL-17 expression via RORαand RORγt inhibition and might play an important role in inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis.
Risk analysis of colorectal cancer incidence by gene expression analysis
Authors: Shangkuan Wei-Chuan , Lin Hung-Che , Chang Yu-Tien , Jian Chen-En , Fan Hueng-Chuen , Chen Kang-Hua , Liu Ya-Fang , Hsu Huan-Ming , Chou Hsiu-Ling , Yao Chung-Tay , Chu Chi-Ming , Su Sui-Lung , Chang Chi-Wen
Published: February 2017

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cancers worldwide. Several studies have performed microarray data analyses for cancer classification and prognostic analyses. Microarray assays also enable the identification of gene signatures for molecular characterization and treatment prediction.

Objective

Microarray gene expression data from the online Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to to distinguish colorectal cancer from normal colon tissue samples.

Methods

We collected microarray data from the GEO database to establish colorectal cancer microarray gene expression datasets for a combined analysis. Using the Prediction Analysis for Microarrays (PAM) method and the GSEA MSigDB resource, we analyzed the 14,698 genes that were identified through an examination of their expression values between normal and tumor tissues.

Results

Ten genes (ABCG2, AQP8, SPIB, CA7, CLDN8, SCNN1B, SLC30A10, CD177, PADI2, and TGFBI) were found to be good indicators of the candidate genes that correlate with CRC. From these selected genes, an average of six significant genes were obtained using the PAM method, with an accuracy rate of 95%. The results demonstrate the potential of utilizing a model with the PAM method for data mining. After a detailed review of the published reports, the results confirmed that the screened candidate genes are good indicators for cancer risk analysis using the PAM method.

Conclusions

Six genes were selected with 95% accuracy to effectively classify normal and colorectal cancer tissues. We hope that these results will provide the basis for new research projects in clinical practice that aim to rapidly assess colorectal cancer risk using microarray gene expression analysis.
The Genesis of the Electrocardiogram (
ECG
)
Authors: Rieta José J. , Alcaraz Raúl
Published: February 2017

The graphical representation of the body surface potential difference originated by the electric activity of the heart between two points is known as the electrocardiogram (ECG). The aim of this article is to give an outline of the concepts that have been used to develop a model on the genesis of the ECG. In other words, the underlying principles relating the bioelectric sources of the heart to the body surface potentials. The genesis of the ECG signal is presented from two different perspectives. The first one considers the heart as a current dipole located in an infinite and homogeneous volume conductor. This scenario corresponds to the original theories introduced by Willem Einthoven at the beginning of the twentieth century on the mechanisms of ECG and it can be considered as the classical electrocardiography. The second perspective came about thanks to digital computers. Basically it consists of deriving numerically the body surface potentials created by the heart's electrical activity and considering a discretized representation of both the heart and the human torso. This new perspective, which allows the numerical solution of the heart's potentials at any place in the human body, is the so‐called forward problem of electrocardiography.