bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Water and Heat Coupling Model for GW‐SW Interaction Considering Nonuniform Heat Transfer Effects of Soil
Authors: Zhang Wenbing , Ren Jie , Shen Zhenzhong , Ma Baotai
Published: November 2022

An accurate groundwater‐surface water (GW‐SW) and heat coupling model (WHCM) aids in exploration of water migration and heat transport laws in the sedimentary layers of riverbeds and riparian zones, which is critical for understanding the transport patterns of contaminants in sediments. In this paper, a novel WHCM for GW‐SW interaction is proposed by incorporating an effective soil thermal conductive model (ESTCM) into the advection‐dispersion equation to address the shortcomings of current simulations that fail to account for the nonuniform heat transfer of soil. The model is developed in COMSOL, and the numerical implementation method is illustrated in detail. Furthermore, six recommended ESTCMs are examined in the WHCM to validate and compare the model simulation effects based on field test observations in the Walker River, USA. The results demonstrate that the proposed model performs better than the model that does not account for the nonuniform heat transfer effects of the soil in simulating GW‐SW water and heat exchange. Meanwhile, the proposed model's simulation effects based on the Y2019 model perform the best. The orthogonal test revealed that the hydraulic conductivity ks and porosity n are the two most sensitive parameters influencing the model output results of groundwater seepage velocity and temperature, respectively. The efforts of this work can offer technical assistance and a guide for enhancing the simulation effect of river GW‐SW water and heat exchange.
Significance of ramucirumab following atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma using real‐world data
Authors: Shimose Shigeo , Sugimoto Rie , Hiraoka Atsushi , Tanaka Masatoshi , Iwamoto Hideki , Tanaka Yuki , Tada Fujimasa , Ohama Hideko , Niizeki Takashi , Shirono Tomotake , Moriyama Etsuko , Noda Yu , Kamachi Naoki , Nakano Masahito , Kuromatsu Ryoko , Koga Hironori , Kawaguchi Takumi
Published: November 2022

Aim

Few studies have reported the efficacy and safety of ramucirumab (RAM) after atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atezo/Beva) treatment and the overall associated outcomes. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects and safety of RAM post‐treatment with Atezo/Beva.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled 46 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma who were treated with RAM. The patients were classified into the RAM administered following Atezo/Beva failure (n = 12) or RAM administered following other drug failure (n = 34) groups. Progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse event (AE) rates were assessed.

Results

There were significant differences in the objective response rates and disease control rates between the RAM administered following Atezo/Beva and RAM administered following others groups (objective response rate 33.3%. vs. 0.0%, p = 0.001; disease control rate 83.3% vs. 32.3, p = 0.001). Although there was no significant difference in the OS rates, the median PFS rates in the RAM administered following Atezo/Beva group was significantly higher than in the RAM administered following others group (PFS 3.9 months. vs. 1.9 months, p = 0.047). The AE rates were comparable between the two groups; ascites was the most common AE (45.6%). Using decision tree analysis, the presence of splenomegaly and body mass index (BMI) < 19.8 were the first and second splitting variables for RAM‐related ascites, respectively.

Conclusions

The therapeutic effect of RAM increased in patients with Atezo/Beva failure. Patients with splenomegaly and low BMI should be monitored for ascites during RAM treatment.
Facile route for synthesis of strontium hexaborate crystalline powders
Authors: Solgi Somayeh , Ghamsari Morteza Sasani
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a solid‐state reaction route was developed to synthesize SrB6O10 crystalline powders. Regarding the last preparation methods, a short process time of synthesis was achieved that has not reported before. The prepared sample was characterized using various methods, such as X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and diffuse reflection spectroscopy. The obtained results proved that the prepared sample at temperature 840°C with 2.5 h duration consists of SrB6O10 crystalline powders with 4.96 eV bandgap.
Epidemiological trends and survival outcomes for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the head and neck region
Authors: Go Cammille C. , Lahaie Luna Gabriela M. , Briceño César A.
Published: November 2022

Background

Given the rarity of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) of the head and neck, the incidence and prognosis specific to this region are poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to determine epidemiology, clinicopathological characteristics, and prognostic factors of patients with DFSP of the head and neck region, using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Methods

A cohort analysis was performed for primary head and neck DFSP reported to the SEER database between 2000 and 2018. Overall survival was determined using Kaplan–Meier analysis while Cox regression modeling was used to examine predictive factors.

Results

A total of 681 cases were reported to the SEER database between 2000 and 2018. Incidence rates decreased over time. Overall survival was 94%, and disease‐specific survival was 99% at 5 years. Cases of head and neck DFSP were found to occur more frequently in males. There was no difference in incidence rates between White patients and Black patients. Age ≥ 60 years old, tumor size, and living location were the most significant predictors of overall survival.

Conclusions

This analysis of DFSP of the head and neck demonstrates a downward trend in incidence, higher age‐standardized incidence in males, and similar race‐based incidences, which differs from data reported on DFSP of other anatomic locations.
Leader diffuse status and leadership outcomes: Towards an integrative framework
Authors: Lianidou Theano , Zheng Wei
Published: November 2022

This review seeks to enrich our understanding of how a leader's status influences leadership outcomes such as motivation to lead, leader emergence and perceived leader effectiveness. The focus is on the leader's diffuse status, that is, status derived from demographic (e.g., gender and race) and physical (e.g., height and body shape) characteristics. Drawing insights from empirical findings and their theoretical underpinnings, we (1) highlight the need to explicitly model the leader's diffuse status as a mediator in the relationship between leader demographic and physical characteristics and leadership outcomes, (2) differentiate the effects of the leader's diffuse status as perceived by others (interpersonal level) and the leader's diffuse status as perceived by the leader (intrapersonal level) and (3) synthesize a wide range of contextual factors that influence the degree to which the leader's demographic and physical characteristics affect leadership outcomes through the leader's diffuse status. Moreover, we explain how other status types, such as status derived from the leader's position in the organizational hierarchy and status related to task‐relevant leader characteristics, can moderate the effects of the leader's diffuse status. Finally, we discuss the utility of our proposed integrative framework for researchers and practitioners and outline promising future research opportunities.
Factor D
Authors: Sekine Hideharu , Machida Takeshi , Fujita Teizo
Published: November 2022

Complement factor D (FD) is a serine protease that plays an essential role in the activation of the alternative pathway (AP) by cleaving complement factor B (FB) and generating the C3 convertases C3(H2O)Bb and C3bBb. FD is produced mainly from adipose tissue and circulates in an activated form. On the contrary, the other serine proteases of the complement system are mainly synthesized in the liver. The activation mechanism of FD has long been unknown. Recently, a serendipitous discovery in the mechanism of FD activation has been provided by a generation of Masp1 gene knockout mice lacking both the serine protease MASP‐1 and its alternative splicing variant MASP‐3, designated MASP‐1/3‐deficient mice. Sera from the MASP‐1/3‐deficient mice had little‐to‐no lectin pathway (LP) and AP activity with circulating zymogen or proenzyme FD (pro‐FD). Sera from patients with 3MC syndrome carrying mutations in the MASP1 gene also had circulating pro‐FD, suggesting that MASP‐1 and/or MASP‐3 are involved in activation of FD. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the mechanism of FD activation that was finally elucidated using the sera of mice monospecifically deficient for MASP‐1 or MASP‐3. Sera of the MASP‐1‐deficient mice lacked LP activity, but those of the MASP‐3‐deficient mice lacked AP activity with pro‐FD. This review illustrates the pivotal role of MASP‐3 in the physiological activation of the AP via activation of FD.
Swedish translation, cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the pressure ulcer knowledge assessment tool for use in the operating room
Authors: Falk‐Brynhildsen Karin , Raepsaet Charlotte , Wistrand Camilla , Bååth Carina , Leo Swenne Christine , Gifford Mervyn , Gunningberg Lena , von Vogelsang Ann‐Christin , Björn Catrine , Beeckman Dimitri
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study was to psychometrically evaluate the Swedish operating room version of PUKAT 2.0. In total, 284 Swedish operating room nurses completed the survey of whom 50 completed the retest. The item difficulty P‐value of 14 items ranged between 0.38 and 0.96 (median 0.65). Three items were found to be too easy (0.90–0.96). The D‐value of 14 items ranged between 0.00 and 0.42 (median 0.46). Three items had a D‐value lower than 0.20 (0.11–0.16) and eight items scored higher than 0.40 (0.45–0.61). The quality of the response alternatives (a‐value) ranged between 0.00 and 0.42. This showed that nurses with a master's degree had a higher knowledge than nurses with a professional degree (respectively 9.4/14 versus 8.6/14; t = −2.4, df = 199, P = 0.02). The ICC was 0.65 (95% CI 0.45–0.78). The ICCs for the domains varied from 0.12 (95% CI = −0.16–0.39) to 0.59 (95% CI = 0.38–0.75). Results indicated that 11 of the original items contributed to the overall validity. However, the low participation in the test‐retest made the reliability of the instrument low. An extended evaluation with a larger sample should be considered in order to confirm aspects of the psychometric properties of this instrument.
Esophageal temperature management during cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sink Joshua , Nimmagadda Kiran , Zhao Manyun , Andrei Adin‐Cristian , Gay Hawkins , Kaplan Rachel M. , Gao Xu , Pfenniger Anna , Patil Kaustubha D. , Arora Rishi , Kim Susan S. , Chicos Alexandru B. , Lin Albert C. , Passman Rod S. , Knight Bradley P. , Verma Nishant
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Esophageal thermal injury (ETI) is a well‐recognized complication of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Previous studies have demonstrated that direct esophageal cooling reduces ETI during radiofrequency AF ablation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of an esophageal warming device to prevent ETI during cryoballoon ablation (CBA) for AF.

Methods

This prospective, double‐blinded study enrolled 42 patients with symptomatic AF undergoing CBA. Patients were randomized to the treatment group with esophageal warming (42°C) using recirculated water through a multilumen, silicone tube inserted into the esophagus (EnsoETM®; Attune Medical) (WRM) or the control group with a luminal single‐electrode esophageal temperature monitoring probe (LET). Patients underwent upper endoscopy esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) the following day. ETI was classified into four grades.

Results

Baseline patient characteristics were similar between groups. Procedural characteristics including number of freezes, total freeze time, early freeze terminations, coldest balloon temperature, procedure duration, posterior wall ablation, and proton pump inhibitor and transesophageal echocardiogram use before procedure were not different between groups. The EGD was completed in 40/42 patients. There was significantly more ETI in the WRM group compared to the LET group (n = 8 [38%] vs. n = 1 [5%], p = 0.02). All ETI lesions were grade 1 (erythema) or 2 (superficial ulceration). Total freeze time in the left inferior pulmonary vein was predictive of ETI (360 vs. 300 s, p = 0.03).

Conclusion

Use of a luminal heat exchange tube for esophageal warming during CBA for AF was paradoxically associated with a higher risk of ETI.
Correlation between AV synchrony and device collected AM‐VP sequence counter in atrioventricular synchronous leadless pacemakers: A real‐world assessment
Authors: Garweg Christophe , Piccini Jonathan P. , Epstein Laurence M. , Frazier‐Mills Camille , Chinitz Larry A. , Steinwender Clemens , Stromberg Kurt , Sheldon Todd , Fagan Dedra H. , El‐Chami Mikhael F.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Micra atrioventricular (AV) provides leadless atrioventricular synchronous pacing by sensing atrial contraction (A4 signal). Real‐world operation and reliability of AV synchrony (AVS) assessment using device data have not been described. The purposes of this study were to (1) assess the correlation between AVS and atrial mechanical sensed‐ventricular pacing (AM‐VP) percentages in patients with permanent high‐degree AV block and (2) report on the real‐world effectiveness of Micra AV.

Methods

The correlation between ECG‐determined AVS in‐clinic and device‐collected %AM‐VP was assessed using data from 40 patients with high‐degree AV block enrolled in the Micra Atrial tRacking using a Ventricular AccELerometer (MARVEL) 2 study. A retrospective analysis to assess continuously‐sampled %AM‐VP since last session, device programming, and electrical parameters was performed using Micra AV transmissions from the Medtronic CareLink database. Patients with transmissions ≥180 days postimplant were included.

Results

Among the 40 MARVEL 2 AV block patients with a median %VP of 99.7%, AVS was highly correlated with AM‐VP (median AVS 87.1%, median AM‐VP 79.1%; R2 = 0.764, p < .001). The CareLink cohort included 4384 patients programmed to VDD mode. The mean A4 amplitude was 2.3 ± 1.8 m/s2 at implant and 2.3 ± 1.6 m/s2 at 28 weeks. In patients with %VP >90% (n = 1662), the median %AM‐VP was 74.7%. For the full cohort, median %VP was 65.6% and median projected battery longevity was 10.5 years.

Conclusion

In patients with a high pacing burden, %AM‐VP provides a reasonable estimation of AVS. The first large real‐world analysis of Micra AV patients with >90% VP showed stable atrial sensing over time with a median %AM‐VP, a correlate of AVS, of 74.7%.
SOX10 modulated SMARCA4 dysregulation alleviates DNA replication stress in cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Fang Xiangjian , Rao Keqiang , Wei Zhiyi , Cheng Juntao
Published: November 2022

Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the most fatal type of skin cancer with a high potency of metastasis, yet the treatment for metastatic melanoma remains limited. In this study, we are devoted to addressing the prognostic value and underlying mechanism of DNA damage repair‐related genes in CM. We utilized integrated bioinformatic approaches and machine learning models to identify a cluster of convergently expressed DNA damage repair‐related genes in melanoma. With multivariate Cox regression, SMARCA4 (also known as BRG1) was identified as an independent prognostic marker for melanoma patients. Yet the expression of SMARCA4 is not altered with the pathological staging or the metastasis condition. SMARCA4 is an essential ATPase subunit of the mammalian SWI/SNF complex. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that SMARCA4 could resolve DNA replication stress and guarantee the proliferation of melanoma cells. Furthermore, we predicted the binding of different transcription factors on the SMARCA4 promoter and unveiled the modulated expression of SMARCA4 by SOX10 in melanoma. Together, we performed integrated approaches to identify SMARCA4 as a promising prognostic marker for melanoma, which was transcriptionally regulated by SOX10 and promoted melanoma cell proliferation by ameliorating DNA replication stress.
Proximal ear hole injury heals by limited regeneration during the early postnatal phase in mice
Authors: Abarca‐Buis René Fernando , Krötzsch Edgar
Published: November 2022

Ear pinna is a particular feature of mammals that shows several repair responses depending on age. Two millimeter hole made in the pinna of middle‐aged female mice heals due to partial reconstitution of new tissues (limited regeneration), whereas a hole punched in the ear of young mice forms a scar tissue. In these studies, the injury is made in the center of the ear pinna, but little is known about the type of reparative response along the proximodistal polarity of the ear. This study evaluated the effect of pinna polarity, age, and sex in the ear hole‐repairing response in Balb/c mice. Proximal injuries were repaired more efficiently by limited regeneration than wounds made in the middle region. Non‐injured ear histological analysis revealed a higher presence of muscle, adipose tissue, cartilage, and larger blood vessels in the proximal ear area, which could influence ear hole closure by limited regeneration. To evaluate the healing response during ear growth, we punched a standard hole in the proximal area of the ear on postnatal day 21 and 8‐month‐old mice (adults). Thirty‐five days after the wound, both groups reached the same wound closure, despite the greater proportional size of holes made in the younger mice. Ear growth also improved ear hole closure in male mice. These results suggest that ear growth accelerates hole closure, providing an example of enhanced regenerative abilities in growing structures. Finally, hole closure kinetics in the growing ear indicated an early re‐differentiation phase exhibited at 14 days post‐wound. In conclusion, ear topography and growth positively influenced the healing response to ear holes, making it a tractable model to study in mammals.
Overview of laparoscopic surgery for cervical cancer in Japan: Updates after the laparoscopic approach to cervical cancer trial
Authors: Kobayashi Eiji , Kakuda Mamoru , Ueda Yutaka , Kimura Tadashi
Published: November 2022

Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) for cervical cancer has been reported to be similar oncologic outcome compared to abdominal radical hysterectomy (ARH) in many retrospective studies. In Japan, LRH has been covered by insurance since April 2018. In 2018, the same year that LRH became covered by insurance, Ramirez et al. at MD Anderson Cancer Center reported the results of a large phase III laparoscopic approach to cervical cancer trial (LACC trial) on the prognosis of open versus laparoscopic/robot‐assisted minimally invasive radical hysterectomy. The results showed that minimally invasive approaches were associated with a higher rate of recurrence and death. At this point, it is not clear what is wrong with LRH and why it has a poorer prognosis compared to ARH. In this report, after the LACC report, we would like to review the current status of minimally invasive surgery for cervical cancer and future directions.
Supporting adjective learning across the curriculum by 5–7 year‐olds: Insights from psychological research
Authors: Davies Catherine , Syrett Kristen , Taylor Lucy , Wilkes Samantha , Zuniga‐Montanez Cecilia
Published: November 2022

Adjectives are a powerful tool for enriching vocabulary and developing conceptual understanding. In early elementary and primary classrooms, across core and foundation subjects, children are expected to describe, measure, classify, and compare objects and events—all processes that require a mastery of adjective meanings and use. While teachers are trained in vocabulary learning, they may be less familiar with: (i) the psychological processes by which children learn adjectives, and (ii) how a focus on adjectives can support learning in domains beyond language and literacy lessons. To address these gaps, we have collaborated as a unique interdisciplinary team with linguistic, psychological, and pedagogical expertise. We synthesise research across our disciplines to provide an accessible, practical, evidence‐based primer of research findings on adjective development. We then provide guidance on how these findings can be used to enhance teaching and learning practices across subjects for children aged five to seven.
Snacking habits of Brazilian adolescents: Brazilian National Dietary Survey, 2017–2018
Authors: Monteiro Luana Silva , Rodrigues Paulo Rogério Melo , de Vasconcelos Thaís Meirelles , Sperandio Naiara , Yokoo Edna Massae , Sichieri Rosely , Pereira Rosângela Alves
Published: November 2022

This study was aimed at describing the snack consumption among Brazilian adolescents. The Brazilian National Dietary Survey (2017–2018) is a nationwide representative cross‐sectional study that collected food consumption data from 8264 adolescents (10 to 19 years old); data from one 24‐h recall were used, in which all foods and beverages consumed throughout the day prior to the interview were described along with the amount, unit of measurement, time, place and occasion of consumption (breakfast, lunch, dinner or snack). Snacks were classified as follows: (a) Morning snack: “Snacks” consumed between 6 AM and 12 PM; (b) Afternoon snack: “Snacks” consumed between 1 PM and 5 PM; (c) Evening snack: “Snacks” consumed between 6 PM and 5 AM. Individuals were categorised according to the number of “Snacks” per day (zero, one, two or three or more). Among the evaluated adolescents, 52.8% were female and 23.0% were overweight. The consumption of at least one snack per day was mentioned by 88.2% of the adolescents, with an average of 2.33 snacks per day. An afternoon snack was consumed by 70.0% of the adolescents. Snack consumption was related to higher mean daily energy intake and a greater contribution of carbohydrates, added sugar and trans fat to the total daily energy intake. ‘Cookies & Crackers’ and ‘Fast Foods’ were the groups that contributed the most to the energy intake provided by snacks, showing, therefore, that less healthy foods were relevant components of the snacks consumed. For their important contribution to food intake, snacking habits deserve attention among the topics covered in dietary guidelines.
Is breakfast consumption among Brazilian schoolchildren associated with an ultra‐processed food dietary pattern?
Authors: Belchor Ana Luisa Lages , de Assis Maria Alice Altenburg , Cezimbra Vanessa Guimarães , Pereira Luciana Jeremias , Roberto Denise Miguel Teixeira , Giacomelli Simone de Castro , Vieira Francilene Gracieli Kunradi , Di Pietro Patrícia Faria , Hinnig Patrícia de Fragas
Published: November 2022

Omission of breakfast starts at school age and can be explained as a reflection of the independent behaviour acquired in this phase of life. Breakfast has been investigated for its association with healthier diet quality, but few studies have investigated this relationship in schoolchildren aged 7 to 13 years. The objective of this study was to assess breakfast consumption in schoolchildren aged 7 to 13 years and to examine associations with dietary patterns (DPs). It was a cross‐sectional study carried out in 2017 with 1069 students in Florianopolis, southern Brazil. Previous‐day food consumption, physical activity and screen activities were self‐reported. Factor analysis was used to identify DPs. Associations between breakfast consumption and overall DPs were evaluated using multivariate linear regression. Breakfast consumption was reported by 85% of the children, with the highest proportion observed among students on the afternoon school shift. Five DPs were identified explaining 41% of the total variance in daily food consumption: Ultra‐processed, Mixed, Traditional Brazilian Lunch, Healthy + Sweets and Traditional Brazilian Breakfast. Breakfast consumption was directly associated with a Traditional Brazilian Breakfast DP (β = 0.335; 95% CI = 0.227, 0.442), a Mixed DP (β = 0.241; 95% CI = 0.160, 0.323), and a Healthy + Sweets DP (β = 0.160; 95% CI = 0.061, 0.260), and inversely associated with an Ultra‐processed DP (β = −0.116; 95% CI = −0.207, −0.026). Breakfast consumption was associated with overall DPs, suggesting the importance of eating this meal by schoolchildren. We emphasise the relevance of offering a healthy breakfast at public schools for students who do not take this meal at home, contributing to health promotion.
Finding a mission in bureaucracies: How authentic leadership and red tape interact
Authors: Vogel Rick , Vogel Dominik , Reuber Artur
Published: November 2022

Finding a mission is important for employees to perform well in public service jobs. Research has demonstrated that leadership can facilitate mission valence among followers, but if and how leadership unfolds this effect in the presence of excessive bureaucracy (i.e., red tape) is unclear. This interaction is particularly interesting in the case of authentic leadership (i.e., a positive leadership style based on self‐awareness, consistent behaviors, and transparent relations with followers), as red tape may either neutralize or enhance the association of authentic leadership with mission valence. We test these rivalry hypotheses in a sample from a two‐wave survey among public employees in Germany. Results provide support for the neutralization hypothesis, as the relationship between authentic leadership and mission valence strengthens at lower levels of red tape. HR practitioners are thus challenged to reduce red tape and to make public organizations authentic places, where leaders can develop authenticity through self‐awareness.
Challenges when going on excursions with children with medical complexity in Japan
Authors: Kosaka Makoto , Murata Nanami , Kaneda Yudai , Kotera Yasuhiro , Sagara Soma , Masunaga Hidehisa , Miyatake Hirotomo , Nishikawa Yoshitaka , Komori Naomi , Ozaki Akihiko , Beniya Hiroyuki
Published: November 2022

Background

With advances in medical technology, the number of children with medical complexity (CMC) has increased. Excursions with such children encourage their social participation and have been shown to have a positive impact on their caregivers. However, the first‐hand experience of the excursions has not yet been evaluated regarding the difficulties faced by CMC and their caregivers during preparation, transportation, and in the local area.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with eight informal and eight formal caregivers of CMC who attended an excursion to Tokyo Disney Land (TDL) via video conference. We investigated challenges that they had experienced through the excursion, performing inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Three themes were identified: the preparation stage (Theme 1), problems encountered while traveling to the theme park (Theme 2), and problems at the theme park (Theme 3). In the preparation stage, three subthemes, i.e. preparation for the trip, cooperation with related parties, and researching about the theme park and asking for help, are reported. Theme 2 includes four subthemes: activities of daily living, respiratory care, luggage, and weather changes. Theme 3 has three subthemes: activities of daily living, physical condition management, and issues for the theme parks.

Conclusions

We found that securing the power supply, location, and time for daily procedures are challenges in realizing excursions for CMC, but with sufficient preparation, it is possible in Japan without major difficulty.
Transforming STEM outcomes: Results from a seven‐year follow‐up study of an after‐school robotics program's impacts on freshman students
Authors: Meschede Tatjana , Haque Zora , Warfield Marji Erickson , Melchior Alan , Burack Cathy , Hoover Matthew
Published: November 2022

Over the past two decades, educators and policymakers have expressed growing concerns over the low levels of math and science achievement among American students and the gradual decline in the numbers of young people moving into science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) careers. While interest in expanding the numbers of young people moving into science and technology fields has grown, a relatively small proportion of STEM education research has focused on the role that after‐school programs can play to reinforce STEM learning and help engage young people in educational pathways leading to STEM careers. This study examines the impacts of FIRST, an after‐school robotics program, upon students' interests in STEM, as well as the likelihood for participants to pursue STEM in their academic and professional careers. Data were collected in a 7‐year follow‐up study of intervention group participants and a matched comparison group. We find that FIRST college students reported significantly higher rates of STEM interests, attitudes, and college level behaviors than comparison students. These findings have implications for the role of after‐school programming in STEM education involving hands‐on learning experiences in science‐ and technology‐related fields, when considering young people's decision‐making regarding their STEM college and career choices.
The Doctor of Nursing Practice help desk: An innovative approach to developing evidence‐based practice competency and providing DNP project support
Authors: Zellefrow Cindy , Casler Kelly , Masciola Randee , Tucker Sharon
Published: November 2022

Background

The 2021 American Association for Colleges of Nursing (AACN) Essentials for Professional Nursing Education identifies evidence‐based practice (EBP) as a core concept meant to be integrated across curricula. Integrating EBP in Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) programs is challenging because of barriers including persistent confusion between research, EBP, and quality improvement; low faculty confidence and competence in their EBP skills and mentoring; increased faculty workload with growing program enrollments; and limited opportunities for students and faculty to practice EBP skills.

Aims

The aim of this initiative was to implement and evaluate an innovative education strategy to build DNP students' and faculty's EBP competency and confidence while mitigating barriers faced by DNP programs.

Methods

A DNP Help Desk was created and implemented at a large, Midwestern college of nursing with participation and support from EBP experts. Student and faculty participation were tracked, and perceptions of the help desk were evaluated. Opportunities to evolve the help desk were identified and implemented.

Results

Outcomes included a self‐reported increase in student and faculty confidence and EBP competency, increased integration, and utilization of EBP in project work, elevated DNP project quality, and decreased demands on DNP project advisors.

Linking Evidence to Action

Engaging in innovative strategies aimed at increasing EBP competency and confidence may lead to increased EBP engagement and positive outcomes for students, faculty, and DNP programs.
Investigation of Cool Roof Based on Reflective Paints, Evaporative Cooling, and Shading
Authors: Arghode Vaibhav Kumar
Published: November 2022

In this study, three different approaches are investigated for keeping the roof cool and reducing the heat flow inside a building located in Kanpur, India. In the first approach, various reflective paints are investigated and their performance degradation over a year is examined along with the cost-benefit analysis. In the second approach, the roof surface is kept wet, and due to water evaporation, the roof was kept cool. In the third approach, the effect of shading on the rooftop surface temperature is studied. It is observed that without any cooling, the rooftop temperature can rise about 20 °C above the ambient air temperature. The application of white acrylic paints can reduce this temperature rise to about 5–7 °C. However, after a year due to degradation, this temperature rise is about 10–12 °C. Using evaporative cooling the rooftop temperature can be lowered even below the ambient air temperature by about 3 °C. However, this approach will require active management of the system and consumption of water. The cost for the first two approaches is estimated to be about 5–6 Rs./sq.ft with a payback time of 2 years. Shading can reduce the temperature rise to about 5 °C. Structures meant for other purposes such as photovoltaic panels can serve the additional benefit of cooling the roof. Shading seems to be a robust and low-maintenance option, and cost analysis of structures meant primarily for shading the roof needs to be explored.
A perception-based study of the indoor and outdoor acoustic environments in India during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mimani A. , Nama S.
Published: November 2022

This work presents the results of a perception-based study of changes in the local soundscape at residences across India during the last 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic and their effects on well-being, productivity during work from home (WFH), online education, anxiety, and noise sensitivity. Using emails and social media platforms, an online cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 942 participants. The responses showed that a greater percentage of participants felt that the indoor environment was noisier during the 2020 lockdown, which was attributed to increased home-entertainment usage, video-calling, and family interaction. The outdoor soundscape was much quieter during the 2020 lockdown due to drastically reduced traffic and commercial activities; however, during the 2021 lockdown, it was perceived to be comparable with pre-COVID times. While changes in indoor soundscape were shown to affect peace, happiness, and concentration while increasing annoyance, the reduction in outdoor noise positively impacted these aspects. The responses indicate that indoor soundscape changes adversely affected productivity and online education. Consequently, only 15% of participants now prefer the WFH model, while 62% have reservations about online education. In some cases, the responses demonstrate a significant influence of demography and suggest the improvement of the acoustic design of residences to support work.
Semaphorin 4D induces articular cartilage destruction and inflammation in joints by transcriptionally reprogramming chondrocytes
Authors: Murakami Tomohiko , Takahata Yoshifumi , Hata Kenji , Ebina Kosuke , Hirose Katsutoshi , Ruengsinpinya Lerdluck , Nakaminami Yuri , Etani Yuki , Kobayashi Sachi , Maruyama Takashi , Nakano Hiroyasu , Kaneko Takehito , Toyosawa Satoru , Asahara Hiroshi , Nishimura Riko
Published: November 2022

Proinflammatory cytokines play critical roles in the pathogenesis of joint diseases. Using a mass spectrometry–based cloning approach, we identified Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) as an inflammatory cytokine that directly promoted cartilage destruction.
Sema4d
-deficient mice showed less cartilage destruction than wild-type mice in a model of rheumatoid arthritis. Sema4D induced a proinflammatory response in mouse articular chondrocytes characterized by the induction of proteolytic enzymes that degrade cartilage, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanases. The activation of
Mmp13
and
Mmp3
expression in articular chondrocytes by Sema4D did not depend on RhoA, a GTPase that mediates Sema4D-induced cytoskeletal rearrangements. Instead, it required NF-κB signaling and Ras-MEK-Erk1/2 signaling downstream of the receptors Plexin-B2 and c-Met and depended on the transcription factors IκBζ and C/EBPδ. Genetic and pharmacological blockade of these Sema4D signaling pathways inhibited MMP induction in chondrocytes and cartilage destruction in femoral head organ culture. Our results reveal a mechanism by which Sema4D signaling promotes cartilage destruction.
Doxorubicin causes ferroptosis and cardiotoxicity by intercalating into mitochondrial DNA and disrupting Alas1-dependent heme synthesis
Authors: Abe Ko , Ikeda Masataka , Ide Tomomi , Tadokoro Tomonori , Miyamoto Hiroko Deguchi , Furusawa Shun , Tsutsui Yoshitomo , Miyake Ryo , Ishimaru Kosei , Watanabe Masatsugu , Matsushima Shouji , Koumura Tomoko , Yamada Ken-ichi , Imai Hirotaka , Tsutsui Hiroyuki
Published: November 2022

Clinical use of doxorubicin (DOX) is limited because of its cardiotoxicity, referred to as DOX-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC). Mitochondria-dependent ferroptosis, which is triggered by iron overload and excessive lipid peroxidation, plays a pivotal role in the progression of DIC. Here, we showed that DOX accumulated in mitochondria by intercalating into mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), inducing ferroptosis in an mtDNA content-dependent manner. In addition, DOX disrupted heme synthesis by decreasing the abundance of 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1 (Alas1), the rate-limiting enzyme in this process, thereby impairing iron utilization, resulting in iron overload and ferroptosis in mitochondria in cultured cardiomyocytes. Alas1 overexpression prevented this outcome. Administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), the product of Alas1, to cultured cardiomyocytes and mice suppressed iron overload and lipid peroxidation, thereby preventing DOX-induced ferroptosis and DIC. Our findings reveal that the accumulation of DOX and iron in mitochondria cooperatively induces ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes and suggest that 5-ALA can be used as a potential therapeutic agent for DIC.
Genomic and Phenotypic Comparisons Reveal Distinct Variants of
Wolbachia
Strain
w
AlbB
Authors: Martinez Julien , Ross Perran A. , Gu Xinyue , Ant Thomas H. , Murdochy Shivan M. , Tong Lily , da Silva Filipe Ana , Hoffmann Ary A. , Sinkins Steven P.
Published: November 2022

Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by
Aedes
mosquitoes that threatens around half of the world population. Recent advances in dengue control involve the introduction of
Wolbachia
bacterial symbionts with antiviral properties into mosquito populations, which can lead to dramatic decreases in the incidence of the disease.
Transmission of Human Influenza A Virus in Pigs Selects for Adaptive Mutations on the HA Gene
Authors: Mo Jong-suk , Abente Eugenio J. , Cardenas Perez Matias , Sutton Troy C. , Cowan Brianna , Ferreri Lucas M. , Geiger Ginger , Gauger Phillip C. , Perez Daniel R. , Vincent Baker Amy L. , Rajao Daniela S.
Published: November 2022

Influenza A viruses cause respiratory disease in several species, including humans and pigs. The bidirectional transmission of FLUAV between humans and pigs plays a significant role in the generation of novel viral strains, greatly impacting viral epidemiology.
hnRNP K Degrades Viral Nucleocapsid Protein and Induces Type I IFN Production to Inhibit Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Replication
Authors: Qin Wenzhen , Kong Ning , Wang Chunmei , Dong Sujie , Zhai Huanjie , Zhai Xueying , Yang Xinyu , Ye Chenqian , Ye Manqing , Tong Wu , Liu Changlong , Yu Lingxue , Zheng Hao , Yu Hai , Lan Daoliang , Zhang Wen , Tong Guangzhi , Shan Tongling
Published: November 2022

The spread of the highly virulent PEDV in many countries is still leading to several epidemic and endemic outbreaks. To elucidate effective antiviral mechanisms, it is important to study the relationship between host antiviral factors and the virus and to investigate the mechanisms underlying host immune response against PEDV infection.
O
-2-Alkylated Cytosine Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonamidate Prodrugs Display Pan-Genotype Antiviral Activity against African Swine Fever Virus
Authors: Goulding Leah V. , Kiss Eleonóra , Vrancken Robert , Goris Nesya , Luo Min , Groaz Elisabetta , Herdewijn Piet , Dixon Linda
Published: November 2022

African swine fever virus is a highly contagious hemorrhagic viral disease. Since its transcontinental spread to Georgia in 2007, ASFV has continued to spread across the globe into countries previously without infection.
Impacts of Dietary Protein and Niacin Deficiency on Reproduction Performance, Body Growth, and Gut Microbiota of Female Hamsters (Tscherskia triton) and Their Offspring
Authors: Zhao Jidong , Lu Wei , Huang Shuli , Le Maho Yvon , Habold Caroline , Zhang Zhibin
Published: November 2022

Gut microbes are known to be essential for hosts to digest food and absorb nutrients. Currently, it is still unclear how maternal nutrient deficiency affects the fitness of animals by its effect on gut microbes.
Effects of Microbial Transfer during Food-Gut-Feces Circulation on the Health of Bombyx mori
Authors: Qin Lijun , Qi Junpeng , Shen Guanwang , Qin Daoyuan , Wu Jinxin , Song Yuwei , Cao Yang , Zhao Ping , Xia Qingyou
Published: November 2022

The body often appears unwell after habitual dietary changes. The domestic silkworm (
Bombyx mori
) raised on artificial diets is a good model to explore the relationship between dietary changes and the balance of intestinal microbes.
An Optimized Transformation Protocol for Escherichia coli BW3KD with Supreme DNA Assembly Efficiency
Authors: Yang Yuqing , Liu Menghui , Wang Tianqi , Wang Qian , Liu Huaiwei , Xun Luying , Xia Yongzhen
Published: November 2022

DNA transformation is commonly used in cloning; however, high transformation efficiency becomes a limiting factor in many applications, such as the construction of CRISPR and DNA libraries, the assembly of multiple fragments, and the transformation of large plasmids. We developed a new competent cell preparation method with unmatched transformation efficiency.
Evaluation of a microperforate hymen leading to the incidental diagnosis of a borderline ovarian tumour
Authors: Ayyash Mariam , Miller Madison , Hijaz Miriana
Published: November 2022

Microperforate hymens are rare anatomical variants with an unknown incidence and very few reported cases. Borderline ovarian tumours are similarly uncommon, with an incidence of approximately 0.002%–0.006%. The concurrent presence of a microperforate hymen and a borderline ovarian tumour is therefore exceedingly unique with no documented cases to date. In this report, we review the case of a nulliparous woman in her late 20s who initially presented with an inability to have penetrative intercourse. A subocclusive hymenal variant was noted on examination and further imaging work-up resulted in the incidental discovery of a large ovarian mass subsequently noted to be a borderline ovarian tumour. Herein, we review contemporary approaches to the diagnosis and management of both hymenal variants and borderline ovarian tumours, and discuss fertility-sparing strategies for young women diagnosed with ovarian neoplasms.
Gemcitabine-induced digital ischaemia in a patient with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Khan Abdul Moiz , Arjyal Lubina , Shamaileh Lelas , Simon Michael
Published: November 2022

A woman in her 50s with HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) positive, estrogen/progesterone receptor negative, metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, presented with acral cyanosis and severe throbbing pain after recent administration of gemcitabine. She was treated with aspirin, heparin, amlodipine, topical nitroglycerin and analgesics. Gemcitabine was discontinued permanently. She had a gradual recovery except for a small necrotic area over the right 4th digit. However, surgical intervention was avoided.
Uterine necrosis during pregnancy following exploratory laparotomy
Authors: Hirsch Anna , Newman Rachel , Naqvi Mariam
Published: November 2022

Uterine necrosis is an infrequent event and is most commonly reported as a complication of interventions for postpartum haemorrhage management. Cases of uterine necrosis in pregnancy are rare. The mainstay of treatment for uterine necrosis is hysterectomy, and the data regarding conservative management are limited. A gravida 3, para 2 presented at 33 weeks gestation with ovarian torsion and underwent an exploratory laparotomy with ovarian cystectomy. The surgery was complicated by excess bleeding, which was controlled with the placement of sutures along the uterine body. She had multiple subsequent presentations for severe abdominal pain without clear aetiology. Four weeks after the initial surgery, she underwent caesarean delivery, at which time uterine necrosis was diagnosed. Her uterus was preserved. She received postoperative intravenous antibiotics and was closely observed. She continued to do well 10 months postpartum. In patients with uterine necrosis during pregnancy who are haemodynamically stable, conservative management may be an option.
Methenamine hippurate to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections in older women: protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled trial (ImpresU)
Authors: Heltveit-Olsen Silje Rebekka , Sundvall Pär-Daniel , Gunnarsson Ronny , Snaebjörnsson Arnljots Egill , Kowalczyk Anna , Godycki-Cwirko Maciek , Platteel Tamara N , Koning Hilde A M , Groen Wim G , Åhrén Christina , Grude Nils , Verheij Theo J M , Hertogh Cees M P M , Lindbaek Morten , Hoye Sigurd
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Methenamine hippurate is a urinary antiseptic used as preventive treatment for recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in some Scandinavian countries. However, the scientific evidence for the preventive effect and safety for longer-term use is limited. The aim of this study is to assess whether methenamine hippurate can reduce the incidence of UTIs in older women with recurrent UTIs.

Methods and analysis

The ImpresU consortium is a collaboration between Norway, Sweden, Poland and the Netherlands. The study is a randomised, controlled, triple-blind phase IV clinical trial. Women ≥70 years with recurrent UTIs are screened for eligibility in a general practice setting. We aim to include 400 women in total, with 100 recruited from each collaborating country. The participants are randomised to treatment with methenamine hippurate 1 g or placebo tablets two times per day for a treatment period of 6 months, followed by a drug-free follow-up period of 6 months. The primary outcome is number of antibiotic treatments for UTIs during the treatment period. The secondary outcomes include number of antibiotic treatments for UTIs during the follow-up period and self-reported symptom of severity and duration of UTI episodes. Differences in complications between the treatment groups are measured as safety outcomes. We also aim to investigate whether strain characteristics or phylogenetic subgroups ofEscherichia colipresent in the urine culture at inclusion have a modifying effect on the outcomes.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approvals are obtained in all participating countries. The results will be communicated in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific conferences.

Trial registration number

ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04077580); EudraCT: 2018-002235-15.