bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CP Ti Fabricated by Low Temperature Extrusion of HDH Powder: Application in Dentistry
Authors: Balog Martin , Viskic Josko , Krížik Peter , Schauperl Zdravko , Snajdar Mateja , Stanec Zlatko , Catic Amir
Published: August 2016

Powder metallurgy (PM) commercial purity titanium (CP Ti) was fabricated and studied, with an aim of utilization for dental application. PM CP Ti was manufactured using a cost effective approach, where affordable hydrogenation–dehydrogenation (HDH) process Ti 99.4 wt.% powder was consolidated via the following sequence of PM techniques: cold isostatic pressing, warm vacuum pressing at 420 °C and warm direct extrusion at 500 °C. The paper presents the first studies on processing, microstructure, testing of mechanical properties, fatigue performance and bonding strength with different veneer coatings. By employed consolidation process sound material with low porosity (1.5%) and sustained oxygen content (0.21 wt.%) was attained. The tensile properties obtained for PM CP Ti (UTS = 701 MPa, YS0.2 = 512 MPa, ε = 13 %) were improved over to those for cast / milled CP Ti Grade 4 reference, the material commonly used in dentistry. Tested using the ISO 14801 standard for dental implants, the samples machined from PM CP Ti showed fatigue performance similar to CP Ti Grade 4. PM CP Ti used as a metal base material in restoration metal – ceramic systems showed very good bond strength with three commercially available veneering ceramics and complied with the ISO 9693 standard. Within the limitations of this paper, the preliminary results demonstrated that performance of economic PM CP Ti is equal or superior to CP Ti Grade 4 reference material and it can be used in prosthodontics.
Development of Ti-MMCs by the Use of Different Reinforcements via Conventional Hot-Pressing
Authors: Arévalo Cristina M. , Kitzmantel Michael , Neubauer Erich , Montealegre-Meléndez Isabel
Published: August 2016

Titanium and its alloys have evolved faster than any structural material in the history of metallurgy. The increasing employment of titanium in many different applications is mainly due to its light weight, high strength and structural efficiency. The titanium metal matrix composites (Ti-MMCs) have helped to achieve these objectives. The aim of this work is the development and study of Ti-MMCs manufactured via hot pressing at 900 °C reinforced by sub-micron and micron boron carbide (B4C), amorphous boron and sub-micron and micron titanium diboride (TiB2) particles in order to improve its mechanical properties. Full dense composites were obtained with this consolidation technique. The influence of the different reinforcements has been analyzed. Moreover, the strengthening effect of sub-micron reinforcements is compared to the effect of the material with the same chemical composition in a micro-scaled phase. Comparison has been established studying the microstructure (grain size and density) and mechanical properties through tensile and hardness tests.
Study of Titanium Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced by Boron Carbides and Amorphous Boron Particles Produced via Direct Hot Pressing
Authors: Montealegre-Meléndez Isabel , Neubauer Erich , Arévalo Cristina M. , Rovira Ana , Kitzmantel Michael
Published: August 2016

Nowadays, the demands for materials with high strength based on a titanium matrix are increasing. The manufacturing of titanium composites through low cost and near-net-shape techniques is a challenge for the industry. There are different processing routes to meet these requirements of the market. As it is well known fast powder metallurgical densification techniques could satisfy these needs. In the present work, several titanium metal matrix composites (TiMMCs) have been fabricated by using a fast hot consolidation technique, namely direct hot pressing (dHP) in order to reduce the manufacturing time. Through a pressure assisted sintering with direct heating of a pressing die the consolidated composites can be formed directly from powders in a short period of time (15 min). The matrix materials were selected from two titanium grade 1 powders and as reinforcement materials boron carbide and boron amorphous particles were employed. Varying the reinforcement’s content in addition to their particle size, their influence on the composites behaviour was expected. Furthermore in this research work, the mechanical and microstructural characterisation of the specimens was carried out in order to identify the best combination of process parameters, material reinforcement and matrix powders.Nowadays, the demands for materials with high strength based on a titanium matrix are increasing. The manufacturing of titanium composites through low cost and near-net-shape techniques is a challenge for the industry. There are different processing routes to meet these requirements of the market. As it is well known fast powder metallurgical densification techniques could satisfy these needs. In the present work, several titanium metal matrix composites (TiMMCs) have been fabricated by using a fast hot consolidation technique, namely direct hot pressing (dHP) in order to reduce the manufacturing time. Through a pressure assisted sintering with direct heating of a pressing die the consolidated composites can be formed directly from powders in a short period of time (15 min). The matrix materials were selected from two titanium grade 1 powders and as reinforcement materials boron carbide and boron amorphous particles were employed. Varying the reinforcement’s content in addition to their particle size, their influence on the composites behaviour was expected. Furthermore in this research work, the mechanical and microstructural characterisation of the specimens was carried out in order to identify the best combination of process parameters, material reinforcement and matrix powders.
Witnesses to the truth: Mark’s point of view
Authors: MacDonald Deven K. , Van Eck Ernest
Published: August 2016

This article presents a narratological reading of the Gospel of Mark with special attention given to the role, function and rhetorical impact of point of view. It is argued that through the use of ‘witnesses’ ranging from the omniscient narrator, to the character God, to the Old Testament Scriptures, the author of Mark presents a point of view that his implied reader would find difficult to counter. In addition to this, the article demonstrates that the motifs of allegiance, misunderstanding and opposition in the Second Gospel are almost entirely confined to the adoption or rejection of the point of view being advocated for by the author of Mark. In the end, it is shown that only in the death of Jesus on the cross and the subsequent ‘centurion’s confession’ are the motifs resolved and is the point of view of Mark accepted by a human character.
Preaching the ‘green gospel’ in our environment: A re-reading of Genesis 1:27-28 in the Nigerian context
Authors: Manus Chris , Obioma Des
Published: August 2016

The article focuses on the text of Genesis 1:27–28 within its broader context where the author, the Jahwist, describes humankind as charged with the responsibility to fill and to subdue the earth, which has generally been misunderstood by wealth prospectors. Our methodology is a simplified historical and exegetical study of the two verses of the creation narrative in order to join other contemporary theologians to argue the right of humans to treat the nonhuman as private property as source of material wealth is immoral. As we re-read the text, our findings resonate with the contemporary clarion call for respect and protection of the environment such as COP 2015 in Paris. This provides the justification of our title ‘Preaching the green gospel’, especially in the Nigerian oil-rich states and in Africa in general. Whilst the paper presents a disquisition of the global efforts of the church through sensitisation of their members to appreciate the magnitude of the environmental pollution and the apocalypse it holds for the world, it draws attention to the possibility of the envisaged doomsday that may descend on Nigeria and other parts of Africa if the crass environmental degradation and the rate of pollution of flora and fauna are not checked. The paper takes cognisance of the positive views expressed by the evangelists of the ‘New Theology’ in Africa. Whilst the paper raises Biblically friendly ecological awareness in modern Africa, using Nigeria as a contact point, it concludes, inter alia, that the text demands humankind to partake in God’s will for order and peace in the universe as it struggles to maintain the ecological sustainability of mother earth.
Orphans in the Dead Sea Scrolls
Authors: Kotzé Gideon R.
Published: August 2016

This study investigates the literary references to orphans in writings amongst the Qumran texts that were written in Hebrew and can be associated with the sectarian Qumran movement. The study focuses on passages where forms of the word יתום are used. These include the Damascus Document (CD 6:16–17), Hodayot (1QHa 13:22) and Barkhi Nafshia (4Q434 1 i 2). The investigation concludes that the references to orphans in these passages do not have the same rhetorical functions. In CD 6, the wordings of authoritative scriptures are adapted to portray orphans and widows as the victims of wrongdoing. In 1QHa and 4Q434, however, orphans are mentioned in hymns that praise the Lord’s positive treatment of needy people
Morpho-histochemistry Analysis of Freshwater Planarians Girardia tigrina (Girard, 1850) Exposed to Sublethal Concentrations of Malathion Insecticide
Authors: Butturi-Gomes Davi , Furquim Karim Christina Scopinho , Camargo-Mathias Maria Izabel , Marin-Morales Maria Aparecida
Published: August 2016

Due to planarian regeneration capacity, researchers have made efforts in studying its gene regulation, cell and tissue responses. Despite such advances, many aspects of planarian biology and histology, especially for Girardia tigrina species, remain unknown. Thus, in this study, we aimed at analyzing the potencial of G. tigrina as a biological model for ecotoxicological research by firstly characterizing the morphology and histology of healthy individuals and then evaluating the sublethal effects of Malathion, a widely used insecticide in Brazil. We exposed individuals of G. tigrina to two sublethal concentrations of Malathion (0.08 mg L-1 and 0.8 mg L-1) insecticide for 96h, sectioned them, and then exposed the regenerating portions for another 72h. We submitted all material to scanning electron microscopy and to different histological/histochemical light microscopy techniques. Several changes in the treatment groups were present when compared to the control group. In external morphology, the following alterations were noteworthy: malformation and underdevelopment of the blastemas, pores dilation in the epidermis and loss of ventral cilia. Our main results regarding histology, histochemistry and cytochemistry were the disruption of several tissues, characterized by cytoplasmic changes, such as vacuolation, histochemical and nuclear changes, including chromatin marginalization. Thus, we concluded that Malathion, mainly in the lowest concentration tested, has acted on reproductive strategies of the tested organism, in addition to promoting necrosis in different tissues.
New Particle Formation and impact on CCN concentrations
in the boundary layer and free troposphere at the high
altitude station of Chacaltaya (5240 m a.s.l.), Bolivia
Authors: Rose C. , Sellegri K. , Moreno I. , Velarde F. , Ramonet M. , Weinhold K. , Krejci R. , Andrade M. , Wiedensohler A. , Ginot P. , Laj P.
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Global models predict that new particle formation (NPF) is, in some environments, responsible for a substantial fraction of the total atmospheric particle number concentration and subsequently contribute significantly to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations. NPF events were frequently observed at the highest atmospheric observatory in the world, Chacaltaya (5240 m a.s.l.), Bolivia. The present study focuses on the impact of NPF on CCN population. Neutral cluster and Air Ion Spectrometer and mobility particle size spectrometer measurements were simultaneously used to follow the growth of particles from cluster sizes down to ~ 2 nm up to CCN threshold sizes set to 50, 80 and 100 nm. Using measurements performed between January 1 and December 31 2012, we found that 61% of the 94 analysed events showed a clear particle growth and significant enhancement of the CCN-relevant particle number concentration. We evaluated the contribution of NPF events relative to the transport of pre-existing particles to the site. The averaged production of 50 nm particles during those events was 5072 cm−3, and 1481 cm−3 for 100 nm particles, with a larger contribution of NPF compared to transport, especially during the wet season. The data set was further segregated into boundary layer (BL) and free troposphere (FT) conditions at the site. The NPF frequency of occurrence was higher in the BL (48 %) compared to the FT (39 %). Particle condensational growth was more frequently observed for events initiated in the FT, but on average faster for those initiated in the BL, when the amount of condensable species was most probably larger. As a result, the potential to form new CCN was higher for events initiated in the BL (67 % against 56 % in the FT). In contrast, higher CCN number concentration increases were found when the NPF process initially occurred in the FT, under less polluted conditions. This work highlights the competition between particle growth and the removal of freshly nucleated particles by coagulation processes. The results support model predictions which suggest that NPF is an effective source of CCN in some environments, and thus may influence regional climate through cloud related radiative processes.
Aging of aerosols emitted from biomass burning in northern Australia
Authors: Milic Andelija , Mallet Marc D. , Cravigan Luke T. , Alroe Joel , Ristovski Zoran D. , Selleck Paul , Lawson Sarah J. , Ward Jason , Desservettaz Maximilien J. , Paton-Walsh Clare , Williams Leah R. , Keywood Melita D. , Miljevic Branka
Published: August 2016

Abstract. There is a lack of knowledge of how biomass burning aerosols in the tropics age, including those in the fire-prone Northern Territory in Australia. This paper reports chemical characterization and aging of aerosols monitored during the one month long SAFIRED (Savannah Fires in the Early Dry Season) field study, with an emphasis on chemical signature and aging of organic aerosols. The campaign took place in June 2014 during the early dry season when the surface measurement site, the Australian Tropical Atmospheric Research Station (ATARS), located in the Northern Territory, was heavily influenced by thousands of wild and prescribed bushfires. ATARS was equipped with a wide suite of instrumentation for gaseous and aerosol characterization. A compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer was deployed to monitor aerosol chemical composition. Approximately 80 % of submicron carbonaceous mass and 90 % of submicron non-refractory mass was composed of organic material. Ozone enhancement in biomass burning plumes indicated increased air mass photochemistry and increased organic aerosol and particle diameter with the aging parameter (f44) suggested secondary organic aerosol formation. Diversity of biomass burning emissions was illustrated through variability in chemical signature (e.g. wide range in f44, from 0.06 to 0.13) for five intense fire events. The background particulate loading was characterized using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). A PMF-resolved BBOA (biomass burning organic aerosol) factor comprised 24 % of the submicron non-refractory organic aerosol mass, confirming the significance of fire sources. A dominant PMF factor, OOA (oxygenated organic aerosol), made up 47 % of sampled aerosol fraction, illustrating the importance of aerosol aging in the Northern Territory. Biogenic IEPOX-SOA (isoprene epoxydiols-related secondary organic aerosol) was the third significant fraction of the background aerosol (28 %).
Dietary and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Dyspepsia among Pre-clinical Medical Students in Ajman, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Jaber Noorallah , Oudah Marwa , Kowatli Amer , Jibril Jabir , Baig Inbisat , Mathew Elsheba , Gopakumar Aji , Muttappallymyalil Jayakumary
Published: August 2016

Introduction: Dyspepsia is a common gastrointestinal diseases worldwide with a prevalence ranging from 7 to 40%. Dyspepsia, more commonly known as heartburn or indigestion, is defined as one or more of the following symptoms: postprandial fullness, early satiation (the inability to finish a normal size meal), or epigastric pain or burning for at least 3 months in the past year. Dyspepsia has been studied extensively, but little is known of factors associated with dyspepsia among medical students.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of dyspepsia and to evaluate the association between lifestyle and dietary factors associated with dyspepsia among pre-clinical medical students in Ajman, United Arab Emirates.Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among pre-clinical medical students at Gulf Medical University, Ajman and collected basic demographic data, dyspepsia prevalence, dietary factors, and lifestyle factors. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the participant characteristics. Chi-square tests were used to test the association between dietary and lifestyle factors and dyspepsia. Logistic regression was used to measure the association of predictors (dietary and lifestyle factors) on the odds of having dyspepsia, independently. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the full association of predictors on the odds of having dyspepsia.Results: The resulting sample was 176 pre-clinical medical students, with a mean age of 20.67 ± 2.57 years. A total of 77 (43.8%) respondents reported having dyspepsia while 99 (56.2%) did not. There was a significant association between smoking and dyspepsia (p<0.05), as well as a marginally significant association between inadequate sleep and dyspepsia (p<0.10). There was no significant association with alcohol or analgesic use on dyspesia. Dietary habits showed no association with dyspepsia.Conclusion: Dyspepsia was reported by 43.8% of the repondents. These findings emphasize the importance of improving lifestyle and dietary factors associated with dyspepsia and raising awareness of reducing risk factors associated with dyspepsia. Further studies are needed on dyspepsia in a larger cohort of students in order to fully understand the complexity of this problem and be able to generalize the findings to other cohorts.
Direct Effect of cashew Nut Scarification Associated with Powdery Mildew in the Processing Industry
Authors: Uaciquete Americo , Nicurrupo Jacinto Raul
Published: August 2016

Cashew powdery mildew disease can reduce on field yield by 100% depending on flowers’ susceptibility. Surviving flowers may still produce nuts that are severely damaged. The impact of this, post-harvest, damage to the processing industry is unknown. Therefore the objective of this experiment was to assess the effect of powdery mildew nut scarification on biometric and industrial processing variables: nut size, weight, nut count, outturn, cutting and peeling time and finally analyze the financial implication of the effect. Thus, raw cashew nuts were randomly sampled and categorized in to five disease score levels (treatments). Ten nuts (replicates) were used for each disease category. Length, thickness, width and weight were measured. Furthermore, from each disease level, two sets of nuts were established. One set for nut count and outturn assessment by cutting test. The other set, for steam boiling, cutting, peeling and other processes quantitatively assessed. A completely randomized experimental design was followed for data analysis. The summary effect was assessed as relative loss in percentage to non diseased nuts. The relative maximum loss due to powdery mildew attack was 41.2% for nut length, 42.9% for nut width, 31.3% for nut thickness and 50% for nut weight. The disease severity increased relative nut count (18.9%) and reduced the total percentage of kernels (20.3%), outturn (21.1%), the industrial yield of white wholes (88.1%), amount of peels (27.6%) and the outturn and nut count based projected income by 9.6%.  Three disease based nut categories are proposed for processing improvements. Nut scarification effect on kernel deterioration, seed germination and others is under investigation.
Introdução de novas raças de gado no sul do Brasil (1870-1950)
Authors: Zarth Paulo Afonso
Published: August 2016

O gado bovino (Bos taurus, Linnaeus) introduzido no Rio Grande do Sul pelos europeus no final do século XVI adaptou-se muito bem no ambiente rico em gramíneas. Ao longo do tempo, esses animais se multiplicariam e constituiriam o que se convencionou chamar de raça crioula. No final do século XIX, tomando a Argentina e o Uruguai como referência, autoridades governamentais e grandes proprietários desencadearam um processo de modernização da pecuária, substituindo o gado crioulo por raças europeias, com o objetivo de alcançar maior produtividade e inserção no mercado mundial de carnes frigorificadas. As novas raças implicaram em impactos ambientais e exigiram uma nova estrutura produtiva, baseada na fundação de instituições de pesquisa e apoio técnico, estações experimentais, associações de classe e estrutura de transportes. Palavras-chave: Pecuária. Raças de gado.Rio Grande do Sul.
Aportes de la cartografía histórica para una historia ambiental en Misiones, Argentina (1880-1980)
Authors: Gallero María Cecilia
Published: August 2016

La cartografía histórica realiza un aporte fundamental a la historia ambiental, sobre todo porque permite estudiar cómo el medioambiente se fue creando en el tiempo. Este artículo nació para reflexionar sobre las características de la historia ambiental y cómo se pueden analizar los cambios y permanencias de un medioambiente a través de distintos mapas históricos. A fines expositivos se dividió el trabajo en tres grandes períodos, organizados por las características principales que definieron el proceso de poblamiento de la provincia de Misiones, Argentina, desde que se creó el Territorio Nacional (1881) hasta la última edición del “Gran Atlas de Misiones”(2013). El primer período (1881-1920) se caracteriza por la colonización promovida por el estado y la ocupación espontánea; en tanto que el segundo por la iniciativa privada (1920-1953); y el tercero (1953-2013) por la consolidación y organización de una provincia. Palabras clave: Historia ambiental.Cartografía histórica. Misiones, Argentina.
Responsabilidade civil dos administradores de sociedade anônima e exclusão de responsabilidade
Authors: Barcelos Brenno Roberto Amorim
Published: August 2016

Ganha destaque no mercado de capitais brasileiro, que ainda sofre o forte impacto relacionado à crise econômica mundial que atingiu catastroficamente as sociedades anônimas nacionais, o estudo da responsabilidade civil dos administradores das companhias de capital aberto, sobretudo, a natureza jurídica dessa responsabilidade, as hipóteses de exclusão e os limites objetivamente encontrados para o sucesso da ação reparatória, cotejando não só suas causas, mas discutindo possíveis soluções.
Mudança estrutural no mercado brasileiro de automóveis
Authors: Souza Ísis Gomes Semenzato de , Aguiar Danilo R. D.
Published: August 2016

Este trabalho analisa as mudanças estruturais que ocorrem no mercado brasileiro de automóveis desde a década de 1990. Identificou-se a redução contínua da concentração de mercado, com a concorrência da entrada de novas firmas. Apesar disso, o mercado brasileiro é ainda muito concentrado. Em termos de comércio internacional, detectou-se um novo padrão, com a transformação do país de exportador líquido para importador líquido de veículos. Os tipos de carros vendidos no Brasil também mudaram, uma vez que a participação de carros populares está diminuindo. Isso é consequência do aumento da renda dos consumidores e da maior oferta de crédito. Outro aspecto identificado no estudo foi a redução na parcela de mercado dos estados tradicionais (São Paulo e Minas Gerais). Palavras-chave: Mercado brasileiro de automóveis. Concentração de mercado. Concorrência.
Thoracic aortic dissection mimicking primary hematological disorder: A case report
Authors: Naser Mohamad Nazrulhisham Mad , Chong Bee Ping , Karim Noor Khairiah A.
Published: August 2016

Chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is uncommon and less clinically pronounced. Its diagnosis and therapymay be further delayed due to the subtle abnormal laboratory results. This may potentially contribute to an unfavorablepatient outcome. We describe a 60-year-old lady with chronic DIC who presented with progressive and recurrent unprovokedsubcutaneous hematoma for 6 months prior to presentation. On presentation, she was anemic and thrombocytopenic with amildly deranged coagulation profile. She was suspected to have hematological malignancies therefore a bone marrow aspirate andtrephine biopsy was done but revealed no abnormality. Serial DIC panel revealed persistent low fibrinogen and elevated d-dimerwhich were consistent with chronic DIC. When she was referred to our centre, baseline chest radiograph showed mediastinalwidening and subsequent computed tomography (CT) imaging confirmed the presence of Standford A dissection of thoracicaortic aneurysm. The gradual occult blood loss from the dissection lead to the consumptive coagulopathy and triggered the DICcascade. Essentially, chronic DIC never occur alone and unprovoked, therefore the main principle of management is to recognizeand address the underlying etiology in particularly aneurysms and malignancies.
Reflexões heterodoxas: direito de propriedade
Authors: Sztajn Rachel
Published: August 2016

A pretensão do trabalho é discutir o direito de propriedade, sua origem e funcionalidade, bem como os efeitos de normas de direito positivo que possam causar insegurança ou incerteza, impactando de forma negativa em potenciais investimentos.
As contradições do capitalismo no século XXI e sua metamorfose pela democracia e justiça
Authors: Aquino Sérgio Ricardo Fernandes de , Zambam Neuro José
Published: August 2016

As conquistas da humanidade contrastam com as desigualdades entre os povos e na organização social. O acúmulo da riqueza é contrário às situações como o analfabetismo, a violência e a pobreza. Esse artigo tem como objetivo denunciar as contradições do Capitalismo, especialmente a “coisificação” das pessoas e a incapacidade de garantir o equilíbrio social e ambiental, a fim de transformá-lo conforme as exigências da Democracia e Justiça. Insiste-se sobre a necessidade de metamorfose do Capitalismo, de novos arranjos institucionais orientados, principalmente, pelos Direitos Humanos para que se consolide a humanização das relações econômicas como expressão de convivência global para este século.
O desenho democrático em tríade: a relação condicional entre consciência democrática, accountability e democracia participativa
Authors: Riccetto Pedro Arcain , Picchi Neto Carlos , Amaral Ana Cláudia Côrrea Zuin Mattos do
Published: August 2016

Analisa o processo relacional de pressuposição entre o surgimento de uma consciência democrática e posterior construção da accountability no contexto democrático, visando confirmar a relação de pressuposição entre ambos e uma democracia de fato participativa. Para tanto, apresenta breve escorço histórico do desenvolvimento da teoria democrática, desde a Antiguidade até suas atuais conformações num contexto globalizado. Ancorado no método dedutivo, o estudo trará como plano de fundo a análise da accountability e a dificuldade em estabeler seu conceito, limitações e implantação. Traça, ainda, análise do papel da consciência democrática para consecução dos fins estatais, inserido na realidade histórica brasileira. Por fim, permite-se, pelo elo entre a democracia  accountability,  e progressão de uma consciência democrática, maior representatividade popular e consequente dissolução do poder ora concentrado nos governantes.
Os cinco mistérios do capital
Authors: Baptista Rudá Ryuiti Furukita
Published: August 2016

Resenha sobre o Capítulo 1 da obra “O mistério do capital” do autor Hernando de Soto (DE SOTO, Hernando. O mistério do capital. Rio de Janeiro: Record, 2001, p. 15-28).
A polêmica História Nova do Brasil: um projeto de vanguarda derrotado politicamente
Authors: Cardoso Vanessa Clemente
Published: August 2016

Este artigo investiga a coleção de livros didáticos destinados ao ensino secundário brasileiro História Nova do Brasil – publicada em março de 1964 pela Campanha de Assistência ao Estudante (Cases). A coleção foi concebida no seio acadêmico da Universidade Nacional de Filosofia do Brasil (FNFi), peculiarmente pelos alunos responsáveis pela edição do Boletim de História (BH) sob a orientação de Nelson Werneck Sodré, e envolveu diretamente as atividades do Instituto Superior de Estudos Brasileiros (ISEB). A obra criticava a historiografia tradicional apresentada nos manuais escolares utilizados no Brasil e objetivava uma inovação no seu conteúdo. Exaltava a necessidade de reformas sociais – principalmente educacional – enquadrando-se no prospecto político que o País vivenciava durante o governo João Goulart; possuía uma dimensão política e foi objeto de luta. Com a instauração do regime militar, os volumes da História Nova foram queimados e proibidos e seus autores, alvos de perseguição. 
Which One is More Efficient? German or Japanese Automobile Industry: A Meta-frontier with Technology Gap Comparison
Authors: Liu Yi-Cheng , Chen Ying-Hsiu
Published: August 2016

The goal of this paper is to compare the cost efficiency of the automobile industry in Germany and Japan during the period of 1980–2014 by applying the Meta-Frontier Cost Function. Despite the constant competition and the global automobile industry crisis during 2008-2010, only a few existing studies compare the efficiency of the industry cross countries. However, these all fail to address various types of technology adopted and the environment faced by automakers across countries. The meta-frontier model became a recognized and useful tool to evaluate technical efficiency of firms applying dissimilar technologies. Overall, the results signify that the cost efficiency of the German automobile industry by average is better than that of the Japanese one and the German one uses more superior production technique though it was lower the Japanese one in the 1980s. The difference reversed in the 1990s and has been enlarging since the 1990s to the end of the observation period.
Employees’ Perception of Corporate Social Responsibility: Corporate Volunteer and Organizational Commitment
Authors: Huang Chun-Chen
Published: August 2016

Although there is a growing trend of corporate volunteer plans in Taiwan, there scanty studies on the antecedent and consequence variables that influence employees’ participation in corporate volunteer. Most of existing studies concerning corporate social responsibility (CSR) explored the effects of CSR on corporate financial performance or consumer behavior, while paying little attention to the effects on the stakeholders and employees of enterprises. In practice, many enterprises often include corporate volunteer as an important part of their CSR policies. Past literature has seldom discussed the effects of the employees’ perception of CSR on their participation in corporate volunteer. Most studies concerning corporate volunteer focus on volunteer participation motivation and intention of the volunteer services outside enterprises, while few focus on corporate employees’ participation in corporate volunteer.

By convenience sampling, this study treated the 50 enterprises that received the Corporate Citizenship Award in 2012 as the targets. A total of 368 questionnaires were retrieved, including 195 paper-based questionnaires and 173 online questionnaires, among which there were 287 valid samples. The data were analyzed using SPSS18 to test the hypotheses. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) employees’ perception of CSR has a significant positive effect on their intention to participate in corporate volunteer; (2) employees’ perception of CSR has a significant positive effect on organizational commitment; (3) employees’ intention of participating in corporate volunteer has a significant positive effect on organizational commitment.
The Determination of a GSM Operator Preference with a Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis: A Youth-Oriented Study at a University in Turkey
Authors: Yakut Emre , Demirci Ayhan , Ergin Erhan
Published: August 2016

The magnitude of technological developments can be better understood nowadays in line with the developments particularly in the communication and mobile phone industries. These developments do not only trigger the production of new technology for mobile phones but they also bring forward the issue of conveying this technology to users. The applications and services produced for mobile phones are generally introduced to the market via Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) operators providing communication services. Users’ benefiting from these applications and services in their mobile phones or from their operators, depends on their preference of a GSM operator that has the capacity to meet the users’ needs. This study has aimed to determine the factors that influence the preference of a mobile phone operator among university students, the most active age group using mobile phones. Both factor analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis are used to determine the influential factors and the degree of influence in the preference of a GSM operator. It has been identified that the most influential variable on the preference of a GSM operator is the communication expenses as a socio-economic factor, whereas the brand factor is the most important variable in deciding which GSM operator service to purchase.
Samenwerken in tegenspraak
Authors: Mual Makiri
Published: August 2016

Co-operation besides contestation

The author illustrates the complexity of cases mediators are confronted with by using two exemplary cases. Sometimes legal issues deriving from family law, divorce law and criminal law all are disputed at the same time, frustrating and even blocking all parties including their legal counsels who are also part of the conflict-system. When a conflict-system becomes contaminated, often support systems are mobilised. If a mediator wants to play a role in sorting out the process – which is not his fundamental task – it is best to seek co-operation with the legal counsels.
Development and Validation of Chemometric-Assisted Spectrophotometric Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride and Ketorolac Tromethamine in Binary Combinations
Authors: Elfatatry Hamed M , Mabrouk Mokhtar M , Hammad Sherin F , Mansour Fotouh R , Kamal Amira H , Alahmad Shoeb
Published: August 2016

The present work describes new spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride and ketorolac tromethamine in their synthetic mixtures. The applied chemometric techniques are multivariate methods including classical least squares, principal component regression, and partial least squares. In these techniques, the concentration data matrix was prepared by using the synthetic mixtures containing these drugs dissolved in distilled water. The absorbance data matrix corresponding to the concentration data was obtained by measuring the absorbances at 16 wavelengths in the range 244–274 nm at 2 nm intervals in the zero-order spectra. The spectrophotometric procedures do not require any separation steps. The accuracy, precision, and linearity ranges of the methods have been determined, and analyzing synthetic mixtures containing the studied drugs has validated them. The developed methods were successfully applied to the synthetic mixtures and the results were compared to those obtained by a reported HPLC method.
From Interrelational Ontology to Instrumental Ethics
Authors: Langsdorf Lenore ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2016

Current human/social science research supports Don Ihde’s postphenomenology. In particular, archeology and anthropology support Ihde’s instrumental realism, and history identifies the culture that nourished Platonic and Aristotelian separation of mentality and materiality. Deweyean pragmatism, beginning with his analysis of the reflex arc, supports both instrumental realism and an interrelational ontology that rejects the residual Cartesian dualism in Husserlian phenomenology. Ihde’s acknowledgment of the affinity between postphenomenology and Deweyean pragmatism enables expanding his prevalent epistemological and structural orientation to encompass a normative dimension. Peter-Paul Verbeek’s focus on the ethical dimension of how products are designed and how things interact with humans is an important expansion of pragmatic postphenomenology as well as an expansion of current research on the “4e’s” of cognition—embedded, embodied, enacted, and extended—to include a fifth: ethical.
Mediants Make (Number) Sense of Fraction Foibles
Authors: McDowell Eric L.
Published: August 2016

Enhance students' number sense and illustrate some surprising properties of this alternative operation.
Water availability, cultures, religions and social welfare
Authors: Beretta Giovanni Pietro
Published: August 2016

Not available.
High-speed reference-beam-angle control technique for holographic memory drive
Authors: Yamada Ken-ichiro , Ogata Takeshi , Hosaka Makoto , Fujita Koji , Okuyama Atsushi
Published: August 2016

We developed a holographic memory drive for next-generation optical memory. In this study, we present the key technology for achieving a high-speed transfer rate for reproduction, that is, a high-speed control technique for the reference beam angle. In reproduction in a holographic memory drive, there is the issue that the optimum reference beam angle during reproduction varies owing to distortion of the medium. The distortion is caused by, for example, temperature variation, beam irradiation, and moisture absorption. Therefore, a reference-beam-angle control technique to position the reference beam at the optimum angle is crucial. We developed a new optical system that generates an angle-error-signal to detect the optimum reference beam angle. To achieve the high-speed control technique using the new optical system, we developed a new control technique called adaptive final-state control (AFSC) that adds a second control input to the first one derived from conventional final-state control (FSC) at the time of angle-error-signal detection. We established an actual experimental system employing AFSC to achieve moving control between each page (Page Seek) within 300 µs. In sequential multiple Page Seeks, we were able to realize positioning to the optimum angles of the reference beam that maximize the diffracted beam intensity. We expect that applying the new control technique to the holographic memory drive will enable a giga-bit/s-class transfer rate.
Field dependent elastic anomaly in uniaxial tungsten bronze relaxors
Authors: Aftabuzzaman Md , Dec Jan , Kleemann Wolfgang , Kojima Seiji
Published: August 2016

The electric field effects on the elastic properties of uniaxial Ca
x
Ba1−

x
Nb2O6 (x = 0.30, CBN30) single crystals were investigated using broadband Brillouin scattering spectroscopy as functions of temperature and electric field. Remarkable thermal hysteresis was observed between zero field heating and zero field cooling processes. A stretching index β = 2.05 indicates the stretched critical slowing down of polar nanoregions (PNRs). The effect of electric field along [001] direction was clearly observed. Under 1.0 kV/cm field, the alignment of nanodomains and enhancement of the long-range ferroelectric order were observed in the ferroelectric phase. In the field dependent measurement, a mixed state consisting of macrodomains induced by the electric field and nanodomains caused by the random fields was observed at 3.0 kV/cm. The mixed state persists up to 13 kV/cm because of the incomplete switching of the nanodomains to the macrodomains state. A very strong memory effect was also observed.
Effects of CO2 concentration on nutrient uptake and starch accumulation by duckweed used for wastewater treatment and bioethanol production
Authors: Mohedano Rodrigo A. , Costa Rejane H. R. , Filho Paulo Belli
Published: August 2016

The aquatic macrophytes commonly known as duckweed has been successfully used in wastewater treatment plants during decades. Besides the efficiency of these plants to remove nutrient from wastewater, duckweed has drawn increasing attention for bioethanol production due to its high biomass and starch production. Recently several studies have been evaluating techniques to promote starch accumulation in duckweed biomass and thus improve ethanol yield. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and availability in nutrient removal and starch accumulation by duckweed grown in photobioreactors (PBRs). Thus, duckweed was grown in hermetic PBRs (24 L) exposed to three different CO2 concentrations (C1-1,500; C2-6,000 and C3-100,000 ppm), as well as a control group (CC-380 ppm), without CO2 replacement for a seven-day test period. The decay of NO3
- and PO4
- was monitored along the test, as well the [CO2] and biomass growth rates. The results showed that in C1 and C2, duckweed quickly consumed the CO2 in the gas phase, causing a reduction of nutrient removal efficiency and the consumption of storage starch. By contrast, the higher [CO2] improved the starch content by approximately 150%, from 9.6 to 24.7%, and presented the best results for nitrate and phosphate removal (82 and 79% from 308 mgNO3 L-1 and 28 mgPO4 L-1, respectively).The findings pointed that [CO2] is an important parameter to be monitored in closed duckweed systems, and CO2 supply could improve the starch content and nutrient removal rates.
Asymmetry and nonlinearity of the influence of ENSO on the northern winter stratosphere: 2. Model study with WACCM
Authors: Rao Jian , Ren Rongcai
Published: August 2016

Long‐term simulations from the Community Earth System Model with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (CESM‐WACCM) as its atmospheric component are used to investigate the asymmetry and the nonlinearity of the influences of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the northern winter stratosphere. As in Part 1 of this study, four different types of ENSO are considered. The composite CESM‐WACCM results first confirm the conclusions drawn from the observations, that the stratospheric polar jet responses to “moderate El Niño” and “strong La Niña” are stronger than those to “strong El Niño” and “moderate La Niña”. In association with the ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) patterns that are reproduced well in the model, the tropical rainfall response centers exhibit an asymmetric east‐west shift between El Niño and La Niña, which directly leads to the nonlinear and asymmetric Pacific‐North America responses in the extratropics. Accordingly, the strengthening (weakening) planetary wave response in the stratosphere during warm (cold) ENSO also exhibits nonlinear and asymmetric features. When the ENSO SST forcing is prescribed to be linear and symmetric in WACCM, the nonlinearity and asymmetry of the stratospheric responses to moderate ENSO reveal the dominant role of the inherent properties of the atmosphere. However, the absence of asymmetry and nonlinearity in the stratospheric responses to strong ENSO in our sensitivity experiments indicates that the asymmetry in SST forcing between strong El Niño and La Niña still plays an important role in the asymmetric and nonlinear influences of ENSO on the extratropics.
Effects of magnetospheric lobe cell convection on dayside upper thermospheric winds at high latitudes
Authors: Zhang B. , Wang W. , Wu Q. , Knipp D. , Kilcommons L. , Brambles O. J. , Liu J. , Wiltberger M. , Lyon J. G. , Häggström I.
Published: August 2016

This paper investigates a possible physical mechanism of the observed dayside high‐latitude upper thermospheric wind using numerical simulations from the coupled magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere (CMIT) model. Results show that the CMIT model is capable of reproducing the unexpected afternoon equatorward winds in the upper thermosphere observed by the High altitude Interferometer WIND observation (HIWIND) balloon. Models that lack adequate coupling produce poleward winds. The modeling study suggests that ion drag driven by magnetospheric lobe cell convection is another possible mechanism for turning the climatologically expected dayside poleward winds to the observed equatorward direction. The simulation results are validated by HIWIND, European Incoherent Scatter, and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program. The results suggest a strong momentum coupling between high‐latitude ionospheric plasma circulation and thermospheric neutral winds in the summer hemisphere during positive IMF Bz periods, through the formation of magnetospheric lobe cell convection driven by persistent positive IMF By. The CMIT simulation adds important insight into the role of dayside coupling during intervals of otherwise quiet geomagnetic activity
On the role of extratropical air‐sea interaction in the persistence of the Southern Annular Mode
Authors: Xiao Bei , Zhang Yang , Yang Xiu‐Qun , Nie Yu
Published: August 2016

Using the daily atmosphere and ocean reanalysis data, this study highlights the role of extratropical air‐sea interaction in the variability of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Our analysis shows that the SAM‐induced meridional dipolar sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, through surface heat fluxes, can maintain persistent lower tropospheric temperature anomalies, which further results in anomalous eddy momentum forcing enhancing the persistence of the SAM. With the Finite Amplitude Wave Activity diagnosis, we illustrate that response of the eddy momentum forcing to SST anomalies can be attributed to changes in both baroclinic processes as baroclinic eddy generation and barotropic processes as wave breaking thus resultant diffusive eddy mixing, with the former confined at high latitudes and the latter strongest at midlatitudes. Spectral analysis further suggests that the above air‐sea interactions are important for bimonthly and longer time scale SAM variations. The dipolar SST pattern may be an indicator for predicting subseasonal and interseasonal variabilities of the SAM.
Observations of large‐amplitude, parallel, electrostatic waves associated with the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability by the magnetospheric multiscale mission
Authors: Wilder F. D. , Ergun R. E. , Schwartz S. J. , Newman D. L. , Eriksson S. , Stawarz J. E. , Goldman M. V. , Goodrich K. A. , Gershman D. J. , Malaspina D. M. , Holmes J. C. , Sturner A. P. , Burch J. L. , Torbert R. B. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Marklund G. T. , Khotyaintsev Y. , Strangeway R. J. , Russell C. T. , Pollock C. J. , Giles B. L. , Dorrelli J. C. , Avanov L. A. , Patterson W. R. , Plaschke F. , Magnes W.
Published: August 2016

On 8 September 2015, the four Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft encountered a Kelvin‐Helmholtz unstable magnetopause near the dusk flank. The spacecraft observed periodic compressed current sheets, between which the plasma was turbulent. We present observations of large‐amplitude (up to 100 mV/m) oscillations in the electric field. Because these oscillations are purely parallel to the background magnetic field, electrostatic, and below the ion plasma frequency, they are likely to be ion acoustic‐like waves. These waves are observed in a turbulent plasma where multiple particle populations are intermittently mixed, including cold electrons with energies less than 10 eV. Stability analysis suggests a cold electron component is necessary for wave growth.