bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual-density-based reweighted $$\ell _{1}$$-algorithms for a class of $$\ell _{0}$$-minimization problems
Authors: Xu Jialiang , Zhao Yun-Bin
Published: April 2021

The optimization problem with sparsity arises in many areas of science and engineering such as compressed sensing, image processing, statistical learning and data sparse approximation. In this paper, we study the dual-density-based reweighted $$\ell _{1}$$

ℓ
1

-algorithms for a class of $$\ell _{0}$$

ℓ
0

-minimization models which can be used to model a wide range of practical problems. This class of algorithms is based on certain convex relaxations of the reformulation of the underlying $$\ell _{0}$$

ℓ
0

-minimization model. Such a reformulation is a special bilevel optimization problem which, in theory, is equivalent to the underlying $$\ell _{0}$$

ℓ
0

-minimization problem under the assumption of strict complementarity. Some basic properties of these algorithms are discussed, and numerical experiments have been carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms. Comparison of numerical performances of the proposed methods and the classic reweighted $$\ell _1$$

ℓ
1

-algorithms has also been made in this paper.
Indicative conditionals: probabilities and relevance
Authors: Berto Francesco , Özgün Aybüke
Published: April 2021

We propose a new account of indicative conditionals, giving acceptability and logical closure conditions for them. We start from Adams’ Thesis: the claim that the acceptability of a simple indicative equals the corresponding conditional probability. The Thesis is widely endorsed, but arguably false and refuted by empirical research. To fix it, we submit, we need a relevance constraint: we accept a simple conditional $$\varphi \rightarrow \psi$$

φ
→
ψ

to the extent that (i) the conditional probability $$\mathrm{p}(\psi |\varphi )$$

p
(
ψ
|
φ
)

is high, provided that (ii) $$\varphi$$
φ
is relevant for $$\psi$$
ψ
. How (i) should work is well-understood. It is (ii) that holds the key to improve our understanding of conditionals. Our account has (i) a probabilistic component, using Popper functions; (ii) a relevance component, given via an algebraic structure of topics or subject matters. We present a probabilistic logic for simple indicatives, and argue that its (in)validities are both theoretically desirable and in line with empirical results on how people reason with conditionals.
Meteoroids as One of the Sources for Exosphere Formation on Airless Bodies in the Inner Solar System
Authors: Janches Diego , Berezhnoy Alexey A. , Christou Apostolos A. , Cremonese Gabriele , Hirai Takayuki , Horányi Mihály , Jasinski Jamie M. , Sarantos Menelaos
Published: April 2021

This manuscript represents a review on progress made over the past decade concerning our understanding of meteoroid bombardment on airless solar system bodies as one of the sources of the formation of their exospheres. Specifically, observations at Mercury by MESSENGER and at the Moon by LADEE, together with progress made in dynamical models of the meteoroid environment in the inner solar system, offer new tools to explore in detail the physical phenomena involved in this complex relationship. This progress is timely given the expected results during the next decade that will be provided by new missions such as DESTINY+, BepiColombo, the Artemis program or the Lunar Gateway.
Characterization of microbial response to petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in a lacustrine ecosystem
Authors: D’Ugo Emilio , Bruno Milena , Mukherjee Arghya , Chattopadhyay Dhrubajyoti , Giuseppetti Roberto , De Pace Rita , Magurano Fabio
Published: April 2021

Microbiomes of freshwater basins intended for human use remain poorly studied, with very little known about the microbial response to in situ oil spills. Lake Pertusillo is an artificial freshwater reservoir in Basilicata, Italy, and serves as the primary source of drinking water for more than one and a half million people in the region. Notably, it is located in close proximity to one of the largest oil extraction plants in Europe. The lake suffered a major oil spill in 2017, where approximately 400 tons of crude oil spilled into the lake; importantly, the pollution event provided a rare opportunity to study how the lacustrine microbiome responds to petroleum hydrocarbon contamination. Water samples were collected from Lake Pertusillo 10 months prior to and 3 months after the accident. The presence of hydrocarbons was verified and the taxonomic and functional aspects of the lake microbiome were assessed. The analysis revealed specialized successional patterns of lake microbial communities that were potentially capable of degrading complex, recalcitrant hydrocarbons, including aromatic, chloroaromatic, nitroaromatic, and sulfur containing aromatic hydrocarbons. Our findings indicated that changes in the freshwater microbial community were associated with the oil pollution event, where microbial patterns identified in the lacustrine microbiome 3 months after the oil spill were representative of its hydrocarbonoclastic potential and may serve as effective proxies for lacustrine oil pollution.
Einfluss gestufter Lernhilfen als Unterstützungsmaßnahme beim Experimentieren auf den Lernerfolg im Biologieunterricht
Authors: Stiller Cornelia , Wilde Matthias
Published: April 2021

Problemlöseaufgaben wie naturwissenschaftliche Schülerexperimente können von Lernenden oft nicht ohne Unterstützung bearbeitet werden. Diese Unterstützung können gestufte Lernhilfen bieten. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde untersucht, inwiefern gestufte Lernhilfen beim Experimentieren Auswirkungen auf den Wissenszuwachs haben und inwiefern der Wissenszuwachs vom Vorwissen beeinflusst wird. Lernende der Experimentalgruppe (EG) arbeiteten während des Experimentierens mit gestuften Lernhilfen, während die Kontrollgruppe (KG) keine zusätzlichen Unterstützungsmaßnahmen erhielt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich beide Gruppen hinsichtlich des prozeduralen Wissenszuwachs zugunsten der EG signifikant unterschieden, nicht aber bezüglich des konzeptuellen Wissenszuwachses. Sowohl konzeptuelles als auch prozedurales Vorwissen konnten als Prädiktor für konzeptuelles bzw. prozedurales Wissen nach dem Unterricht identifiziert werden. Zusätzlich erwies sich das Treatment als Prädiktor für das prozedurale Wissen im Nachtest, interagierte aber nicht signifikant mit dem Vorwissen. Es ist demnach davon auszugehen, dass Lerner unabhängig vom Vorwissen von den gestuften Lernhilfen profitieren können.
Environmentally acquired chemical camouflage affects Pieris brassicae L. host plant selection and orientation behaviour of a larval parasitoid
Authors: Bui Thuy Nga T. , Himanen Sari J. , Holopainen Jarmo K.
Published: April 2021

Environmentally acquired chemical camouflage is a phenomenon, where a plant growing close to a strong volatile organic compound (VOC) emitter will adsorb and re-emit the VOCs produced by the neighbouring plant. The re-emitted volatile bouquet may resemble more the VOC composition of the neighbour than plant’s own typical odour, and thus act as chemical camouflage against insect detection, potentially simultaneously providing associational resistance towards herbivory. We exposed a pest-sensitive horticultural crop, Brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli) cv. Lucky, to the volatiles emitted by Rhododendron tomentosum [RT] twigs and assessed the host selection by ovipositing females and larval instars of the major caterpillar pest Pieris brassicae between RT-exposed and control plants. Potential impact of RT exposure on herbivore natural enemies was studied using behavioural tests with a parasitoid wasp Cotesia glomerata. P. brassicae females laid significantly less eggs and egg clusters were fewer on RT-exposed plants at both night-time (6 °C) and daytime (22 °C) temperatures. Larvae preferred leaves from control plants over RT-exposed plants at both temperatures. Preceding RT-exposure did not disturb orientation of parasitoid wasp Cotesia glomerata females towards B. oleracea plants damaged by its host P. brassicae. However, host-damaged control plants were favoured by the parasitoid over RT-exposed, host-damaged plants. Our results suggest that companion plant based chemical camouflage as a mechanism of pest suppression could be developed as an additional tool for the integrated pest management toolbox in agriculture.
Dietary Interventions in Liver Diseases: Focus on MAFLD and Cirrhosis
Authors: Vuille-Lessard Élise , Lange Naomi , Riebensahm Carlotta , Dufour Jean-François , Berzigotti Annalisa
Published: April 2021

Purpose of Review

Dietary interventions (DI) aimed at improving overweight and metabolic abnormalities in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and at reducing malnutrition and sarcopenia in cirrhosis should become part of routine care in hepatology. This review focuses on recent advances in this field.

Recent Findings

In patients with MAFLD, a gradual reduction, respectively, of 7–10% of body weight if overweight or of 3–5% if lean, obtained by moderately reducing caloric intake, is effective to improve liver disease. Intermittent energy restriction might be an alternative to continuous energy restriction with higher adherence. Qualitative dietary adjustments should include increased intake of unprocessed foods including fruits and vegetables, whole grains, fiber, and unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), for example, through a Mediterranean diet. Refined carbohydrates (CHOs), saturated FA (SFAs), red meat, and processed meat should be limited. DI studies in HIV-infected subjects with MAFLD are very limited, and this is a field for future research. In patients with cirrhosis, DI should aim at correcting malnutrition and improving skeletal muscle mass. Daily diet contents should aim at achieving 30–35 kcal/kg of body weight, including 1.2–1.5 g/kg proteins, and oral or enteral supplementation might be used in patients unable to achieve these targets. In some studies, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) proved to be effective in improving muscle mass and were associated with a lower risk of hepatic encephalopathy. Obesity requires adjustment of the above-mentioned targets, and its management is challenging. Studies looking at the efficacy of DI recommended by the existing guidelines on clinical endpoints are a field for future research.

Dietary interventions are able to improve MAFLD and show potential to reduce complications in liver disease. Despite its key importance, there are many barriers limiting the implementation of DI in patients with chronic liver disease. Patients’ empowerment is crucial and should be the focus of specific educational programs. In addition, liver clinics would benefit from multidisciplinary teams involving experts in nutrition, physical exercise, primary care physicians, and psychologists when needed.
Early career perspectives of young Dutch cardiologists
Authors: Vorselaars V. M. M. , van der Heijden A. C. , Joustra R. , Berger W. R. , van Hout G. P. J. , Kapel G. F. L. , Nuis R-J. , Woudstra P. , Piers S. R. D.
Published: April 2021

Background

There are nationwide concerns about the unemployment rate among young Dutch cardiologists and the increase in temporary positions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the unemployment rate in this subgroup as well as the length of time between the end of their training and the acquisition of a permanent position.

Methods

All cardiologists who completed their training between January 2015 and December 2018 were invited to fill in an online questionnaire about their demographic characteristics, professional profile and employment status. The unemployment rate was calculated and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to determine the time between the end of training and the first permanent contract.

Results

In total, 174 participants were included (mean age 35 ± 3 years, 64% male, median follow-up 2.3 years (interquartile range 1.4–3.2 years)). The unemployment rate was 0.6% (n = 1). Only 12 participants (7%) started their career with a permanent position. The percentage of cardiologists with a temporary position was 82%, 61% and 33% at 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively. The percentage of cardiologists with a temporary position did not differ with regard to age, gender, holding a PhD degree or type of teaching institution attended (academic vs non-academic). Forty-four per cent of participants perceived the current job market to be problematic.

Conclusions

The unemployment rate among young cardiologists in the Netherlands was low between 2015 and 2018. The vast majority of cardiologists start their career on a temporary contract. Three years later, 33% still hold temporary positions. Due to the resultant job insecurity, many young cardiologists describe the job market as problematic.
When Old Meets New: Emotion Recognition from Speech Signals
Authors: Araño Keith April , Gloor Peter , Orsenigo Carlotta , Vercellis Carlo
Published: April 2021

Speech is one of the most natural communication channels for expressing human emotions. Therefore, speech emotion recognition (SER) has been an active area of research with an extensive range of applications that can be found in several domains, such as biomedical diagnostics in healthcare and human–machine interactions. Recent works in SER have been focused on end-to-end deep neural networks (DNNs). However, the scarcity of emotion-labeled speech datasets inhibits the full potential of training a deep network from scratch. In this paper, we propose new approaches for classifying emotions from speech by combining conventional mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) with image features extracted from spectrograms by a pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN). Unlike prior studies that employ end-to-end DNNs, our methods eliminate the resource-intensive network training process. By using the best prediction model obtained, we also build an SER application that predicts emotions in real time. Among the proposed methods, the hybrid feature set fed into a support vector machine (SVM) achieves an accuracy of 0.713 in a 6-class prediction problem evaluated on the Ryerson Audio-Visual Database of Emotional Speech and Song (RAVDESS) dataset, which is higher than the previously published results. Interestingly, MFCCs taken as unique input into a long short-term memory (LSTM) network achieve a slightly higher accuracy of 0.735. Our results reveal that the proposed approaches lead to an improvement in prediction accuracy. The empirical findings also demonstrate the effectiveness of using a pretrained CNN as an automatic feature extractor for the task of emotion prediction. Moreover, the success of the MFCC-LSTM model is evidence that, despite being conventional features, MFCCs can still outperform more sophisticated deep-learning feature sets.
Making a complex dental care tailored to the person: population health in focus of predictive, preventive and personalised (3P) medical approach
Authors: Tachalov V. V. , Orekhova L. Y. , Kudryavtseva T. V. , Loboda E. S. , Pachkoriia M. G. , Berezkina I. V. , Golubnitschaja O.
Published: April 2021

An evident underestimation of the targeted prevention of dental diseases is strongly supported by alarming epidemiologic statistics globally. For example, epidemiologists demonstrated 100% prevalence of dental caries in the Russian population followed by clinical manifestation of periodontal diseases. Inadequately provided oral health services in populations are caused by multi-factorial deficits including but not limited to low socio-economic status of affected individuals, lack of insurance in sub-populations, insufficient density of dedicated medical units. Another important aspect is the “participatory” medicine based on the active participation of population in maintaining oral health: healthcare will remain insufficient as long as the patient is not motivated and does not feel responsible for their oral health. To this end, nearly half of chronically diseased people do not comply with adequate medical services suffering from severely progressing pathologies. Noteworthy, the prominent risk factors and comorbidities linked to the severe disease course and poor outcomes in COVID-19-infected individuals, such as elderly, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, are frequently associated with significantly altered oral microbiome profiles, systemic inflammatory processes and poor oral health. Suggested pathomechanisms consider potential preferences in the interaction between the viral particles and the host microbiota including oral cavity, the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Since an aspiration of periodontopathic bacteria induces the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and production of inflammatory cytokines in the lower respiratory tract, poor oral hygiene and periodontal disease have been proposed as leading to COVID-19 aggravation. Consequently, the issue-dedicated expert recommendations are focused on the optimal oral hygiene as being crucial for improved individual outcomes and reduced morbidity under the COVID-19 pandemic condition. Current study demonstrated that age, gender, socio-economic status, quality of environment and life-style, oral hygiene quality, regularity of dental services requested, level of motivation and responsibility for own health status and corresponding behavioural patterns are the key parameters for the patient stratification considering person-tailored approach in a complex dental care in the population. Consequently, innovative screening programmes and adapted treatment schemes are crucial for the complex person-tailored dental care to improve individual outcomes and healthcare provided to the population.
Correction to: Population Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Amikacin Liposome Inhalation Suspension in Patients with Treatment‑Refractory Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease
Authors: Rubino Christopher M. , Onufrak Nikolas J. , van Ingen Jakko , Griffith David E. , Bhavnani Sujata M. , Yuen Dayton W. , Mange Kevin C. , Winthrop Kevin L.
Published: April 2021

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13318-021-00687-z
A genomic dataset of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms generated by ddRAD tag sequencing in Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl. populations from Central-Eastern Europe and Balkan Peninsula
Authors: Tóth Endre Gy. , Köbölkuti Zoltán A. , Cseke Klára , Kámpel József D. , Takács Roland , Tomov Vladimir T. , Ábrán Péter , Stojnic Srdjan , Vastag Erna , Mataruga Milan , Daničić Vanja , Tahirukaj Egzon , Zhelev Petar , Orlovic Sasa , Benke Attila , Borovics Attila
Published: April 2021

Key message

This genomic dataset provides highly variable SNP markers from georeferenced natural Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. populations collected in Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo* and Albania. These SNP loci can be used to assess genetic diversity, differentiation, and population structure, and can also be used to detect signatures of selection and local adaptation. The dataset can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3908963/ (Tóth et al.2020). Associated metadata available at https://metadata-afs.nancy.inra.fr/geonetwork/srv/fre/catalog.search#/metadata/b6fee4fa-01e9-44d0-92f5-ad19379f9693.
Inferring object properties from human interaction and transferring them to new motions
Authors: Zheng Qian , Wu Weikai , Pan Hanting , Mitra Niloy , Cohen-Or Daniel , Huang Hui
Published: April 2021

Humans regularly interact with their surrounding objects. Such interactions often result in strongly correlated motions between humans and the interacting objects. We thus ask: “Is it possible to infer object properties from skeletal motion alone, even without seeing the interacting object itself?” In this paper, we present a fine-grained action recognition method that learns toinfersuch latent object properties from human interaction motion alone. This inference allows us todisentanglethe motion from the object property andtransferobject properties to a given motion. We collected a large number of videos and 3D skeletal motions of performing actors using an inertial motion capture device. We analyzed similar actions and learned subtle differences between them to reveal latent properties of the interacting objects. In particular, we learned to identify the interacting object, by estimating its weight, or its spillability. Our results clearly demonstrate that motions and interacting objects are highly correlated and that related object latent properties can be inferred from 3D skeleton sequences alone, leading to new synthesis possibilities for motions involving human interaction. Our dataset is available athttp://vcc.szu.edu.cn/research/2020/IT.html.
Design and technological capabilities of a CNC skew rolling mill
Authors: Tomczak Janusz , Pater Zbigniew , Bulzak Tomasz , Lis Konrad , Kusiak Tomasz , Sumorek Andrzej , Buczaj Marcin
Published: April 2021

Results of a study investigating a skew rolling process for elongated axisymmetric parts are presented. Despite the fact that the skew rolling technique for producing such parts was developed and implemented in the mid-twentieth century, there are no studies on this problem. The first part of this paper presents the results of FEM modelling of skew rolling stepped axles and shafts (solid and hollow). The FEM analysis was performed using the MSC Simufact Forming software. The numerical simulation involved the determination of metal flow patterns, the analysis of thermal parameters of the material during rolling, and the prediction of cracking by the Cockcroft-Latham ductile fracture criterion. Force parameters of rolling solid and hollow parts were also determined. The aim of the FEM analysis was to determine initial design assumptions and parameters for the development of the skew rolling mill. Later on in the paper, a design solution of a CNC skew rolling mill for rolling parts based on their envelope profile is proposed. FEM strength test results of a mill stand, obtained with MSC. NASTRAN, are presented. Finally, the performance test results of the constructed rolling mill are presented. The experiments involved rolling real stepped shafts that were modelled numerically. Obtained results show that the proposed skew rolling method has considerable potential. The designed and constructed rolling mill can be used to perform the rolling process according to the proposed method, with the tool and material kinematics being controlled based on the set parameters of a workpiece envelope.
Effect of Light on Cognitive Function During a Stroop Task Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Yuan Yafei , Li Guanghao , Ren Haoran , Chen Wei
Published: April 2021

Light modulates human brain function through its effect on circadian rhythms, which are related to several human behavioral and physiological processes. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive optical neuroimaging technique used for recording brain activation during task performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of light on cognitive function, particularly in the prefrontal cortex using fNIRS. The effect of light on cognitive modulation was analyzed using the Stroop task, which was performed on 30 participants under three different light conditions (color temperature 4500 K, 2500 K, and none). The behavioral results indicated that light conditions can easily and effectively modulate the performance of tasks based on the feedback, including the response time and accuracy. fNIRS showed hemodynamic changes in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, and the activated brain regions varied under different light conditions. Moreover, light may be regarded as a safe, effective, inexpensive, and accessible tool for modulating human cognitive function.
Particle swarm optimization in image processing of power flow learning distribution
Authors: Huang Chuanchao
Published: April 2021

In order to realize the coordination and integration optimization of the power system itself, this paper constructed the mathematical model of the hybrid power system and solved the multi-objective optimization problem of the heating system through the optimized particle swarm optimization algorithm. Based on the back-to-back VSC-HVDC grid-connected composite system, this paper studied the integrated control strategy of the device to achieve the simultaneous parallel and tie line currents. At the same time, this paper simplified and improved the proposed disassembly criteria for grid-connected composite devices and integrated them into the grid-connected composite device. In addition, on this basis, the integrated control of the three functions of de-listing, juxtaposition and tie line power adjustment of the same device was further studied. Simulation studies show that the proposed algorithm has certain effects and can provide theoretical reference for subsequent related research.
The incidence of gall stones after bariatric surgery and its association with weight loss
Authors: El shafey Hossam E. , Elgohary Hatem , El Azawy Mahmoud , Omar Wael
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Gallstone (GS) formation is common in obese patients, particularly during rapid weight loss. This study aimed to determine the incidence of GS in patients underwent bariatric surgery (BS) and the influence of weight loss on GS formation.

Methods:

This was a prospective study including 148 consecutive patients underwent BS. Patients with preoperative negative abdominal ultrasound (US) for GS were followed-up for at least 12 months. Patients underwent abdominal ultrasound (US) at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months and were clinically screened for symptomatic or complicated cholelithiasis. No GS lowering prophylaxis was used. Clinical and demographic characteristics were compared at baseline and 12 months after surgery.

Results:

At time of surgery GS was found in 40.6% of the studied patients and history of previous laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) was in 6.8% of the studied patients. The incidence of post bariatric GS at 12 months was 22.7% with significant difference (P-value<0.05), (Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG): 18.8%, Single anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass (SASI): 33.3%, Mini Gastric Bypass (MGB): 40%, LRYGB 50%). BS operations, rapid weight loss and gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients are at a higher risk for GS.

Conclusions:

The incidence of post bariatric GS at 12 months was high (22.7%) with significant difference and we recommend routine US every 3, 6, 9 and 12 months during the first year after BS.
The Sexual Orientation/Identity Distinction
Authors: Andler Matthew
Published: April 2021

In this article I explicate the sexual orientation/identity distinction: sexual orientation is “natural,” involving dispositions to sexual behavior, while sexual identity is the “social meaning” of sexual orientation, and argue that the sexual orientation/identity distinction is indispensable to normative explanations regarding LGBTQIA+ oppression and resistance.
Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with false-negative severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test results
Authors: MacKenzie Erica L. , Hareza Dariusz A. , Collison Maggie W. , Czapar Anna E. , Kraft Antigone K. , Waxse Bennett J. , Friedman Eleanor E. , Ridgway Jessica P.
Published: April 2021

Objective:

To determine clinical characteristics associated with false-negative severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test results to help inform coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing practices in the inpatient setting.

Design:

A retrospective observational cohort study.

Setting:

Tertiary-care facility.

Patients:

All patients 2 years of age and older tested for SARS-CoV-2 between March 14, 2020, and April 30, 2020, who had at least 2 SARS-CoV-2 reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests within 7 days.

Methods:

The primary outcome measure was a false-negative testing episode, which we defined as an initial negative test followed by a positive test within the subsequent 7 days. Data collected included symptoms, demographics, comorbidities, vital signs, labs, and imaging studies. Logistic regression was used to model associations between clinical variables and false-negative SARS-CoV-2 test results.

Results:

Of the 1,009 SARS-CoV-2 test results included in the analysis, 4.0% were false-negative results. In multivariable regression analysis, compared with true-negative test results, false-negative test results were associated with anosmia or ageusia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 8.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4–50.5; P = .02), having had a COVID-19–positive contact (aOR, 10.5; 95% CI, 4.3–25.4; P < .0001), and having an elevated lactate dehydrogenase level (aOR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.2–9.3; P = .03). Demographics, symptom duration, other laboratory values, and abnormal chest imaging were not significantly associated with false-negative test results in our multivariable analysis.

Conclusions:

Clinical features can help predict which patients are more likely to have false-negative SARS-CoV-2 test results.
What is the role of doctors in respect of suspects with mental health and intellectual disabilities in police custody?
Authors: Gulati G. , Kelly B. D. , Cullen W. , Kukaswadia S. , Cusack A. , Kilcommins S. , Dunne C. P.
Published: April 2021

People with severe mental illness and intellectual disabilities are overrepresented in the criminal justice system worldwide and this is also the case in Ireland. Following Ireland’s ratification of the United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities in 2018, there has been an increasing emphasis on ensuring access to justice for people with disabilities as in Article 13. For people with mental health and intellectual disabilities, this requires a multi-agency approach and a useful point of intervention may be at the police custody stage. Medicine has a key role to play both in advocacy and in practice. We suggest a functional approach to assessment, in practice, and list key considerations for doctors attending police custody suites. Improved training opportunities and greater resources are needed for general practitioners and psychiatrists who attend police custody suites to help fulfill this role.
Human resource management and the COVID-19 crisis: implications, challenges, opportunities, and future organizational directions
Authors: Hamouche Salima
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 has grandly shaken all organizations, creating a complex and challenging environment for managers and human resource management (HRM) practitioners, who need to find ingenious solutions to ensure the continuity of their companies and to help their employees to cope with this extraordinary crisis. Studies addressing the impact of this crisis on HRM are sparse. This paper is a general literature review, which aims at broadening the scope of management research, by exploring the impact of the COVID-19 on HRM. It identifies the main challenges and opportunities that have arisen from this new pandemic and it offers insights for managers and HRM practitioners into possible future organizational directions that might arise from these opportunities.
Incidence of relapse following a new approach to simplifying and optimising acute malnutrition treatment in children aged 6–59 months: a prospective cohort in rural Northern Burkina Faso
Authors: Daures Maguy , Phelan Kevin , Issoufou Mariama , Sawadogo Ousmane , Akpakpo Bruno , Kinda Moumouni , Shepherd Susan , Becquet Renaud
Published: April 2021

The present study aimed to determine the 3-month incidence of relapse and associated factors among children who recovered under the Optimising treatment for acute MAlnutrition (OptiMA) strategy, a MUAC-based protocol. A prospective cohort of children successfully treated for acute malnutrition was monitored between April 2017 and February 2018. Children were seen at home by community health workers (CHWs) every 2 weeks for 3 months. Relapse was defined as a child who had met OptiMA recovery criteria (MUAC ≥ 125 mm for two consecutive weeks) but subsequently had a MUAC < 125 mm at any home visit. Cumulative incidence and incidence rates per 100 child-months were estimated. Multivariable survival analysis was conducted using a shared frailty model with a random effect on health facilities to identify associated factors. Of the 640 children included, the overall 3-month cumulative incidence of relapse was 6⋅8 % (95 % CI 5⋅2, 8⋅8). Globally, the incidence rate of relapse was 2⋅5 (95 % CI 1⋅9, 3⋅3) per 100 child-months and 3⋅7 (95 % CI 1⋅9, 6⋅8) per 100 child-months among children admitted with a MUAC < 115 mm. Most (88⋅6 %) relapses were detected early when MUAC was between 120 and 124 mm. Relapse was positively associated with hospitalisation, with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 2⋅06 (95 % CI 1⋅01, 4⋅26) for children who had an inpatient stay at any point during treatment compared with children who did not. The incidence of relapse following recovery under OptiMA was relatively low in this context, but the lack of a standard relapse definition does not allow for comparison across settings Closer follow-up with caretakers whose children are admitted with MUAC < 115 mm or required hospitalisation during treatment should be considered in managing groups at high risk of relapse. Training caretakers to screen their children for relapse at home using MUAC could be more effective at detecting early relapse, and less costly, than home visits by CHWs.
Late Intermediate Period Funerary Traditions, Population Aggregation, and the Ayllu in the Sihuas Valley, Peru
Authors: Jennings Justin , Yépez Álvarez Willy , Bautista Stefanie L. , Scaffidi Beth K. , Tung Tiffiny A. , Alaica Aleksa K. , Berquist Stephen , González La Rosa Luis Manuel , Rizzuto Branden
Published: April 2021

The Late Intermediate period in the south-central Andes is known for the widespread use of open sepulchres called chullpas by descent-based ayllus to claim rights to resources and express idealized notions of how society should be organized. Chullpas, however, were rarer on the coast, with the dead often buried individually in closed tombs. This article documents conditions under which these closed tombs were used at the site of Quilcapampa on the coastal plain of southern Peru, allowing an exploration into the ways that funerary traditions were employed to both reflect and generate community affiliation, ideals about sociopolitical organization, and land rights. After a long hiatus, the site was reoccupied and quickly expanded through local population aggregation and highland migrations. An ayllu organization that made ancestral claims to specific resources was poorly suited to these conditions, and the site's inhabitants instead seem to have organized themselves around the ruins of Quilcapampa's earlier occupation. In describing what happened in Quilcapampa, we highlight the need for a better understanding of the myriad ways that Andean peoples used mortuary customs to structure the lives of the living during a period of population movements and climate change.
The Micro-Foundation of Ambidextrous Foreign Direct Investment
Authors: Huang Xinli , Fan Di , He Xiaoming , Su Yiyi
Published: April 2021

Pursuing ambidextrous foreign direct investment (FDI) has been suggested as a desirable strategic choice of emerging economy (EE) firms in their internationalization. Yet, reconciling explorative and exploitative activities overseas is complicated due to their conflicting and tensional nature. This study explores why some EE firms can achieve high levels of ambidextrous FDI while others cannot. Drawing on upper echelons theory, we propose a micro-foundation perspective of ambidextrous FDI by studying top management teams’ (TMTs) attributes. Applying a configurational approach to a sample of 294 EE firms’ FDI observations (of which 43 are ambidextrous FDI in nature) from 2011 to 2015, we not only confirm the equal importance of both TMT incentive and cognitive factors as causal conditions to achieve a high degree of ambidextrous FDI, but also provide original evidence on the interactive configurations of those factors that lead to ambidextrous FDI.
A Transition Perspective for Business School Research and Education in China
Authors: Tan Hao
Published: April 2021

In this perspective article, I draw on transition research that has been developed to account for the transitions in many socio-technical systems within human society, such as energy, water, and food. I argue that many ideas developed in transition research can be applied to the ecosystem of contemporary business schools in China for its transformation. Using the multi-level perspective (MLP) from transition research as an analytic framework, I examine the socio-technical system of business schools in China for understanding the main forces that may shape a potential transition of the sector. I also draw on transition management theory and insights from research on the politics of transitions for important conditions that are required to enable a transition in this specific context.
Conley index for manifold-valued retarded functional differential equations without uniqueness of solutions
Authors: Carbinatto M. C. , Rybakowski K. P.
Published: April 2021

We develop a Conley index theory for retarded functional differential equations $\dot x=f(x_{t})$ with values in a differentiable manifold and (merely) continuous nonlinearities f. We use this index to establish an existence result for nonconstant full solutions of such equations.
The association between restricted intra-uterine growth and inadequate postnatal nutrition in very-low-birth-weight infants and their neurodevelopmental outcomes: a 50-month follow-up study
Authors: Uberos Jose , Jimenez-Montilla Sara , Machado-Casas Irene , Laynez-Rubio Carolina , Fernández-Marin Elizabeth , Campos-Martínez Ana
Published: April 2021

Inadequate nutrition during a critical period of development – as is the case during gestation and the first days of life, especially in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants, can impact on neurodevelopment and favour co-morbidities. In this study, we evaluate how neurodevelopment may be affected by intra-uterine growth (IUGR) restriction and by an inadequate intake of nutritional energy during the early neonatal period. A longitudinal cohort study was conducted to analyse the nutritional contributions received during the first week of life, among a population of 396 VLBW infants. Motor, cognitive, sensory and behavioural development was assessed at 14, 25, 33 and 50 months. The association between IUGR, postnatal energy restriction and neurodevelopment was examined using multivariate logistic regression techniques. Mild cognitive delay was observed in 35·6 % of neonates with IUGR and in 24 % of those with appropriate birth weight. IUGR is associated with behavioural disorder (OR 2·60; 95 % CI 1·25, 5·40) and delayed cognitive development (OR 2·64; 95 % CI 1·34, 5·20). Energy restriction during the first week of life is associated with visual deficiency (OR 2·96; 95 % CI 1·26, 6·84) and cerebral palsy (OR 3·05; CI 95 % 1·00, 9·54). In VLBW infants, IUGR is associated with behavioural disorder, while postnatal energy restriction is significantly associated with motor disorder, infantile cerebral palsy and sensory disorder.
Active fault-tolerant control of a Schon̈flies parallel manipulator based on time delay estimation
Authors: Ghaf-Ghanbari Pegah , Mazare Mahmood , Taghizadeh Mostafa
Published: April 2021

In this paper, a new hybrid fault-tolerant control (FTC) strategy based on nonsingular fast integral-type terminal sliding mode (NFITSM) and time delay estimation (TDE) is proposed for a Schönflies parallel manipulator. In order to detect, isolate, and accommodate actuator faults, TDE is used as an online fault estimation algorithm. Stability analysis of the closed-loop system is performed using Lyapunov theory. The proposed controller performance is compared with conventional sliding mode and feedback linearization control methods. The obtained results reveal the superiority of the proposed FTC based on TDE and NFITSM.
The Uncommon Defense Policy: History, Evolution, and Future Directions
Authors: BURKE RYAN
Published: April 2021

The United States Constitution requires the government “to provide for the common defense.” As a prime topic featured prominently throughout the legislative blueprint of American society, the “common defense” is conspicuously uncommon in today’s policy scholarship and education. Ironically, the policy discipline largely ignores defense issues despite defense serving as the catalyst for establishing policy studies as an academic field in the 1940s. Through decades of military conflict since and obvious relevance to practitioner behavior, defense issues remain ironically absent the public policy scholarly landscape and are instead hosted primarily within strategic and security studies mediums. This article offers an historical examination of the evolution, development, and scholarly shifts in defense policy over time. It also presents perceived reasons for the lack of defense policy dialogue, recommends approaches to reintegrate the topic back into the scholarly discourse, and concludes arguing defense policy warrants greater attention in academic scholarship and teaching.
Developing in-service teachers’ pedagogical knowledge of CALL through project-oriented tasks: The case of an online professional development course
Authors: Nami Fatemeh
Published: April 2021

The growing popularity of online CALL professional development (PD) courses and programs has necessitated a more in-depth look into their design. For so doing, a qualitative case study was carried out to explore how project-based learning (PBL) contributes to six in-service teachers’ CALL PD. Drawing on data obtained from technology-review projects and follow-up discussions, it was observed that the experience of review, reflection, and discussion enhanced participants’ technological knowledge, along with their attention to the affordances and constraints of different tools, their application for materials development or selection, and CALL evaluation. The potential contribution of this study to PD research lies in the account of how inquiry-oriented projects can be defined into the design of a CALL PD. The integration strategies are applicable for online PD attempts across various contexts.
Singa Transitional: Rock-artSaywasMarking Boundaries of Identity and Socializing Landscape in Huánuco, Peru
Authors: Dubois Jonathan J.
Published: April 2021

This paper introduces a new art style, Singa Transitional, found painted onto a mountainside near the modern town of Singa in the north of Huánuco, Peru. This style was discovered during a recent regional survey of rock art in the Huánuco region that resulted in the documentation of paintings at more than 20 sites, the identification of their chronological contexts and an analysis of the resulting data for trends in changing social practices over nine millennia. I explore how the style emerged from both regional artistic trends in the medium and broader patterns evident in Andean material culture from multiple media at the time of its creation. I argue that the presence of Singa Transitional demonstrates that local peoples were engaged in broader social trends unfolding during the transition between the Early Horizon (800–200bc) and the Early Intermediate Period (ad0–800) in Peru. I propose that rock art placed in prominent places was consideredsaywa, a type of landscape feature that marked boundaries in and movement through landscapes. Singa Transitionalsaywasserved to advertise the connection between local Andean people and their land and was a medium through which social changes were contested in the Andes.
Investigating the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and autistic traits in a university population
Authors: Carpita Barbara , Cremone Ivan Mirko , Amatori Giulia , Cappelli Andrea , Salerni Antonio , Massimetti Gabriele , Borgioli Davide , Carmassi Claudia , Massai Rossano , Dell’Osso Liliana
Published: April 2021

Background

Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is an emerging condition featuring restrictive eating behaviors on the basis of subjective beliefs about food healthiness. Many authors have stressed the similarities between ON and anorexia nervosa (AN) in both cognitive and behavioral patterns. Despite that, while the link between AN and female autism presentations is well known in the literature, no study has yet investigated the relationship between ON and autism spectrum. This work aims to investigate the relationship between ON and autistic traits in a university population.

Methods

An e-mail invitation was sent to all the students and University workers of University of Pisa. Subjects were asked to fulfill the ORTO-15 and the Adult Autism Subthreshold spectrum (AdAS spectrum) questionnaires.

Results

A total of 2426 subjects joined the survey: 623 subjects (26.3%) reported a score associated with significant orthorexic symptoms according to ORTO-15 (ON group), while 1789 subjects (73.7%) did not report ON symptomatology and were considered as healthy controls (HC). The ON group scored significantly higher on almost all AdAS spectrum domains. Moreover, being female and scoring higher on AdAS spectrum were statistically predictive factors for the presence of ON symptomatology. Among AdAS spectrum domains, higher scores on AdAS spectrum inflexibility and adherence to routine and restricted interests and rumination domains, as well as lower scores on verbal communication domain, were statistically predictive of orthorexic symptoms.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight an overlap between ON and autism spectrum psychopathology. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between restrictive eating disorders and female autism phenotypes.
Party Competition and Policy Liberalism
Authors: Baumann Zachary D. , Nelson Michael J. , Neumann Markus
Published: April 2021

Party competition is foundational to the study of modern politics, affecting outcomes as varied as policy choices, political participation, and the quality of representation. Scholars have long argued that increased levels of party competition are associated with more liberal policy making. By this logic, parties in close competition with one another try to expand their bases of support by catering to the desires of those who tend to abstain from the political process—the “have-nots.” We extend this classic hypothesis by examining the relationship between competition and policy liberalism over several decades, articulating and testing a theory that suggests that party competition relates differently to social and economic policy liberalism. We find robust evidence that increased competition has a positive relationship with economic policy liberalism, weaker evidence for a negative relationship between competition and social policy liberalism, and suggestive evidence that the direction and magnitudes of these relationships have changed over time.