bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revistas no Front: aproximações entre Belém Nova e Revista de Antropofagia por meio de manifestos na década de 1920
Authors: Figueiredo Aldrin Moura de , Galvão Júnior Heraldo Márcio
Published: November 2019

Este artigo analisa aproximações e vicissitudes entre a revista paraense Belém Nova e a Revista de Antropofagia, paulista, a partir dos manifestos literários veiculados por elas na década de 1920. Mesmo próximas quando consideramos o caráter combativo e modernista de suas publicações e a presença de autores publicando em ambas, diferenças em relação à percepção da regionalidade e brasilidade veiculadas por elas são pontos chave para melhor compreender as revistas culturais do período e o próprio movimento modernista. As relações foram pensadas a partir da ligação dos modernistas de São Paulo com os da Amazônia, especialmente Oswald de Andrade, Raul Bopp, Abguar Bastos e Oswaldo Costa. Compreendendo os manifestos enquanto instrumentos de disputas utilizados pelos autores e pelas revistas, parte-se do debate acerca dos modernismos brasileiros, passando pelas disputas regionais sobre a preponderância artística e estética, até chegar na relativização destas barreiras regionalistas/bairristas. Além disso, constatando a presença de autores da Amazônia ligados à revista Belém Nova e ao modernismo do norte nos quadros da Revista de Antropofagia, partimos da hipótese de que os contornos do movimento antropofágico foram sendo definidos com a presença de ideias e ideários existentes entre os artistas nortistas. A Revista de Antropofagia seria porta-voz de um movimento cujas raízes extrapolam a regionalidade paulista, fazendo a junção da modernidade e da tradição brasileiras na tentativa de reconfiguração do modernismo nacional.
O golpe de 1964 no Amazonas e a deposição do governador Plínio Coelho
Authors: Queiros César Augusto Bubolz
Published: November 2019

Neste artigo pretendo analisar a trajetória política de Plínio Ramos Coelho desde que assumiu uma cadeira como Deputado Constituinte Estadual até o momento de sua deposição como governador do estado do Amazonas na ocasião do golpe civil-militar de 1964. Pretendo discutir a forma como as rivalidades e disputas locais e o desgaste em sua relação com as elites locais contribuíram para sua deposição. Do mesmo modo, ressaltarei sua importante posição como figura representativa do Trabalhismo amazonense e a forma como sua posição política se refletiu em sua obra poética.
La reconciliación imposible. Tensiones políticas y estéticas en ¿Ni vencedores ni vencidos? (1972)
Authors: Piedras Pablo
Published: November 2019

Pouco depois das primeiras exibições clandestinas de La hora de los hornos (Grupo Cine Liberación, 1968), a realização do longa-metragem documental ¿Ni vencedores ni vencidos? (Naum Spoliansky e Alberto Cabado). Este filme, organizado inteiramente com base na reunião de materiais de arquivo de noticiários de cinema e uma voz omni-explicativa, representa uma resposta moderada e institucionalista ao trabalho de Solanas e Getino. Este artigo se propõe a reinscrever na história do cinema argentino um filme que não pôde ser inalado por quatro décadas, apenas mencionado ou omitido nos estudos sobre cinema político dos anos sessenta e setenta. A análise centra-se na forma particular deste trabalho de homogeneizar diversos setores populares através da utilização de material de arquivo e voice over, e assim formular um discurso conciliador, num período histórico marcado por antagonismos políticos. Da mesma forma, o ensaio pergunta sobre as ressonâncias políticas e ideológicas que ¿Ni vencedores ni vencidos? encontrado no presente histórico.
Paid Digital Campaigning During the 2018 Local Elections in Flanders
Authors: Vanden Eynde Gunther , Put Gert-Jan , Maddens Bart , Muyters Gertjan
Published: November 2019

Paid Digital Campaigning During the 2018 Local Elections in Flanders

This research note investigates the role of paid digital campaigning in the 2018 local elections in Flanders. We make use of the official declarations which candidates are legally required to submit. In these declarations, candidates indicate whether and how much they invested in online campaigning tools during the four months preceding the elections. We collected data on a sample of 3,588 individual candidates running in the 30 municipalities of the Leuven Arrondissement. A multilevel logistic regression model shows that the odds of spending on digital campaigning increases among incumbent aldermen and local councillors. The latter finding supports the normalization thesis of digital campaigning. The results also show that scale is important – the more potential voters a candidate has, the higher the odds that the candidate invests in digital tools.
A Survey and a Preliminary Evaluation of Low-quality Content Detection Strategies: Which Attributes Are Still Relevant, Which Are Not?
Authors: Resende Júlio , Moraes Igor , Silva Nícollas , Durelli Vinícius , Dias Diego , Rocha Leonardo
Published: November 2019

Online social networks have gone mainstream: millions of users have come to rely on the wide range of services provided by social networks. However, the ease use of social networks for communicating information also makes them particularly vulnerable to social spammers, i.e., ill-intentioned users whose main purpose is to degrade the information quality of social networks through the proliferation of different types of malicious data (e.g., social spam, malware downloads, and phishing) that are collectively called low-quality content or spams. Since Twitter is also rife with low-quality content, several researchers have devised various low-quality detection strategies that inspect tweets for the existence of spam contents. We carried out a literature survey of these low-quality detection strategies, examining which strategies are still applicable in the current scenario – taken into account that Twitter has undergone a lot of changes in the last few years. To gather some evidence of the usefulness of the attributes used by the low-quality detection strategies, we carried out a preliminary evaluation of these attributes.
Multicriteria Anomaly Detection in Government Purchases
Authors: Maia Patrícia , Meira Jr. Wagner , Barbosa Breno , Cruz Gustavo
Published: November 2019

Government purchases are the usual instrument for public acquisition of goods and services. Despite extensive legislation and several control and auditing mechanisms, frauds are still diverse and commonplace at all levels of public administration. This work proposes a methodology for detecting anomalies in government purchases. The methodology promotes several levels of filtering with respect to entities involved and purchases considered as fraudulent considering diverse criteria. The applicability and effectiveness of the methodology is demonstrated through a case study using real data where we were able to identify a long term provider collusion.
Nora's Lesion: Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation Causing Splay Foot Deformity: A Case Report
Authors: Mollica Anthony J. , Getz Benjamin , Ezike Chinenye , Brannick Blake , Mollica Albert J.
Published: November 2019

Nora's lesion, or bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP), is a rare benign lesion that is made up of varying degrees of cartilage, bone, and spindle cells. Most notably, calcification of the cartilage or “blue bone,” is a feature of the disorder. The condition principally affects long tubular bones of the hands and feet, and is generally seen in patients in their second and third decades of life. We present a case of BPOP occurring in the second interspace with symptoms that would be consistent with a more common diagnosis of predislocation syndrome, or a second interspace neuroma. This case study may help the clinician in considering a more subtle cause of a splay deformity in the second interspace, and walk through the diagnostic and treatment course for BPOP.
Nonhealing Wounds with Verrucous Presentation in the Neuropathic Patient: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Truong David H. , Nasser Ellianne M.
Published: November 2019

Verrucous skin lesions on the feet of diabetic patients in conjunction with a neuropathic foot ulcer is an uncommon incident. Currently, there are approximately 20 reported cases in the literature. Herein we report two cases of verrucous lesions superimposing a chronic diabetic ulcer. Patients failed several conservative treatments, and several biopsies were performed with inconclusive results, suggesting possible underlying verrucous carcinoma. Given the possibility of underlying malignancy, both patients were treated with wide excision, and both were negative for malignancy, thus confirming verrucous skin lesions on the feet in diabetic neuropathy. We also summarize the current literature on verrucous skin lesions on the feet in diabetic neuropathy.
Considerations in the Diagnosis and Management of Lower-Extremity Infections in Injection Heroin Users: A Case Series
Authors: Wylie Sadie C. , Cullum Christopher , Brarens Robert
Published: November 2019

Background:

On a national level, heroin-related hospital admissions have reached an all-time high. With the foot being the fourth most common injection site, heroin-related lower-extremity infections have become more prevalent owing to many factors, including drug preparation, injection practices, and unknown additives.

Methods:

We present a 16-month case series in which eight patients with lower-extremity infections secondary to heroin abuse presented to The Jewish Hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Results:

Three cases of osteomyelitis were seen. All of the infections were cultured and yielded a wide array of microbes, including Staphyloccoccus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Serratia, Prevotella, and Eikenella. All of the patients were treated with intravenous antibiotic agents, with nearly all receiving combination therapy. Seven of the eight patients underwent surgery during their hospital stay, with two undergoing amputation. Only half of the patients followed up after discharge.

Conclusions:

This case series brings to light many considerations in the diagnosis and management of the heroin user, including multivariable attenuation of immunity, existing predisposition to infection backed by unsterile drug preparation and injection practices, innocuous presentation of deep infections, microbial spectrum, and recommendations on antimicrobial intervention, noncompliance, and poor follow-up. By having greater knowledge in unique considerations of diagnosis and treatment, more efficient care can be provided to this unique patient population.
Soft-Tissue Chondroma in the Right Hallux: A Case Report
Authors: Hao Xingpei , Yim Joon , Qi Chenfeng , Mirkin Gene
Published: November 2019

Soft-tissue chondroma is a rare, benign tumor. It is predominantly found in the hands and feet, but rarely in the toes. In this article, we report a digital soft-tissue chondroma that presented as a painful nodule of 5 years' duration in a 67-year-old man. Physical examination revealed a round, solid, movable nodule measuring 7 mm in diameter. Radiographs showed faint linear calcifications in the nodule under the right hallux proximal phalanx neck. The mass was completely excised, and pathologic observation revealed a mass composed of mature chondrocytes in a cartilaginous matrix, consistent with a chondroma. Even though this is a benign tumor, it needs to be differentiated from other tumors, including schwannoma, leiomyoma, chondrosarcoma, and others. Surgical excision is the preferred treatment.
Chromatin-bound CRM1 recruits SET-Nup214 and NPM1c onto HOX clusters causing aberrant HOX expression in leukemia cells
Authors: Oka Masahiro , Mura Sonoko , Otani Mayumi , Miyamoto Yoichi , Nogami Jumpei , Maehara Kazumitsu , Harada Akihito , Tachibana Taro , Yoneda Yoshihiro , Ohkawa Yasuyuki
Published: November 2019

We previously demonstrated that CRM1, a major nuclear export factor, accumulates at Hox cluster regions to recruit nucleoporin-fusion protein Nup98HoxA9, resulting in robust activation of Hox genes (Oka et al., 2016). However, whether this phenomenon is general to other leukemogenic proteins remains unknown. Here, we show that two other leukemogenic proteins, nucleoporin-fusion SET-Nup214 and the NPM1 mutant, NPM1c, which contains a nuclear export signal (NES) at its C-terminus and is one of the most frequent mutations in acute myeloid leukemia, are recruited to the HOX cluster region via chromatin-bound CRM1, leading to HOX gene activation in human leukemia cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this mechanism is highly sensitive to a CRM1 inhibitor in leukemia cell line. Together, these findings indicate that CRM1 acts as a key molecule that connects leukemogenic proteins to aberrant HOX gene regulation either via nucleoporin-CRM1 interaction (for SET-Nup214) or NES-CRM1 interaction (for NPM1c).
Prolonged ovarian storage of mature Drosophila oocytes dramatically increases meiotic spindle instability
Authors: Greenblatt Ethan J , Obniski Rebecca , Mical Claire , Spradling Allan C
Published: November 2019

Human oocytes frequently generate aneuploid embryos that subsequently miscarry. In contrast,Drosophilaoocytes from outbred laboratory stocks develop fully regardless of maternal age. Since matureDrosophilaoocytes are not extensively stored in the ovary under laboratory conditions like they are in the wild, we developed a system to investigate how storage affects oocyte quality. The developmental capacity of stored mature Drosophila oocytes decays in a precise manner over 14 days at 25°C. These oocytes are transcriptionally inactive and persist using ongoing translation of stored mRNAs. Ribosome profiling revealed a progressive 2.3-fold decline in average translational efficiency during storage that correlates with oocyte functional decay. Although normal bipolar meiotic spindles predominate during the first week, oocytes stored for longer periods increasingly show tripolar, monopolar and other spindle defects, and give rise to embryos that fail to develop due to aneuploidy. Thus, meiotic chromosome segregation in matureDrosophilaoocytes is uniquely sensitive to prolonged storage. Our work suggests the chromosome instability of human embryos could be mitigated by reducing the period of time mature human oocytes are stored in the ovary prior to ovulation.
Multistability and regime shifts in microbial communities explained by competition for essential nutrients
Authors: Dubinkina Veronika , Fridman Yulia , Pandey Parth Pratim , Maslov Sergei
Published: November 2019

Microbial communities routinely have several possible species compositions or community states observed for the same environmental parameters. Changes in these parameters can trigger abrupt and persistent transitions (regime shifts) between such community states. Yet little is known about the main determinants and mechanisms of multistability in microbial communities. Here, we introduce and study a consumer-resource model in which microbes compete for two types of essential nutrients each represented by multiple different metabolites. We adapt game-theoretical methods of the stable matching problem to identify all possible species compositions of such microbial communities. We then classify them by their resilience against three types of perturbations: fluctuations in nutrient supply, invasions by new species, and small changes of abundances of existing ones. We observe multistability and explore an intricate network of regime shifts between stable states in our model. Our results suggest that multistability requires microbial species to have different stoichiometries of essential nutrients. We also find that a balanced nutrient supply promotes multistability and species diversity, yet make individual community states less stable.
Molecular characterization of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and protein kinase A (PKA) cDNA in Perinereis aibuhitensis and expression during benzo(a)pyrene exposure
Authors: Huang Yi , Sun Jia , Han Ping , Zhao Heling , Wang Mengting , Zhou Yibing , Yang Dazuo , Zhao Huan
Published: November 2019

Background

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the most important molecules that transfer signals across the plasma membrane, and play central roles in physiological systems. The molecular architecture of GPCRs allows them to bind to diverse chemicals, including environmental contaminants.

Methods

To investigate the effects of benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) on GPCR signaling, GPCR and the protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunit of Perinereis aibuhitensis were cloned. The expression patterns of these two genes during B(a)P exposure were determined with real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The PKA content in P. aibuhitensis under B(a)P exposure was examined.

Results

The full-length cDNAs of PaGPCR and the PaPKA catalytic subunit were 1,514 and 2,662 nucleotides, respectively, encoding 338 and 350 amino acids, respectively. Multiple sequence alignments indicated that the deduced amino acid sequence of PaGPCR shared a low level of similarity with the orphan GPCRs of polychaetes and echinoderms, whereas PaPKA shared a high level of identify with the PKA catalytic subunits of other invertebrates. B(a)P exposure time-dependently elevated the expression of PaGPCR and PaPKA. The expression of both PaGPCR and PaPKA was also dose-dependent, except at a dose of 10 μg/L B(a)P. The PKA content in concentration group was elevated on day 4, with time prolonging the PKA content was down-regulated to control level.

Discussion

These results suggested that GPCR signaling in P. aibuhitensis was involved in the polychaete’s response to environmental contaminants.
Oral toxicity of arjunolic acid on hematological, biochemical and histopathological investigations in female Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Aamir Khurram , Khan Hidayat Ullah , Hossain Chowdhury Faiz , Afrin Mst. Rejina , Shaik Imam , Salleh Naguib , Giribabu Nelli , Arya Aditya
Published: November 2019

Background

Arjunolic acid (AA) is a potent phytochemical with wider pharmacological activities. Despite potential medicinal properties on various in vitro and in vivo studies, there is still a dearth of scientific data related to its safety profile and toxicological parameters. The current study aimed to investigate acute toxicity of AA in normal female Sprague Dawley rats.

Methods

In this study, AA was administered orally at an individual dose of 300 and 2000 mg/kg body weight to group 1 and 2 respectively, while group 3 served as normal control. All the animals were observed for 2 weeks to determine any behavioral and physical changes. On day 15, blood was collected for hematological and biochemical investigation, later animals from all the three groups were euthanized to harvest and store essential organs for histopathological analysis. Four different staining techniques; hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome, Periodic acid Schiff and Oil O Red were used to investigate any alterations in different tissues through microscopical observation.

Results

The results of the study showed no morbidity and mortality at two different dosage of AA treatment. Daily food & water intake, body weight, relative organ weight, hematological and biochemical parameters were detected to be normal with no severe alteration seen through microscopical investigation in the structure of harvested tissues. Our findings support the safety profile of AA, which was well tolerated at higher dose. Thus, an in-detail study on the subacute disease model is warranted.
Accumulation of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate from polyvinyl chloride flooring into settled house dust and the effect on the bacterial community
Authors: Velazquez Samantha , Bi Chenyang , Kline Jeff , Nunez Susie , Corsi Rich , Xu Ying , Ishaq Suzanne L.
Published: November 2019

Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer used in consumer products and building materials, including polyvinyl chloride flooring material. DEHP adsorbs from material and leaches into soil, water, or dust and presents an exposure risk to building occupants by inhalation, ingestion, or absorption. A number of bacterial isolates are demonstrated to degrade DEHP in culture, but bacteria may be susceptible to it as well, thus this study examined the relation of DEHP to bacterial communities in dust. Polyvinyl chloride flooring was seeded with homogenized house dust and incubated for up to 14 days, and bacterial communities in dust were identified at days 1, 7, and 14 using the V3–V4 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. DEHP concentration in dust increased over time, as expected, and bacterial richness and Shannon diversity were negatively correlated with DEHP concentration. Some sequence variants of Bacillus, Corynebacterium jeddahense, Streptococcus, and Peptoniphilus were relatively more abundant at low concentrations of DEHP, while some Sphingomonas, Chryseobacterium, and a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family were relatively more abundant at higher concentrations. The built environment is known to host lower microbial diversity and biomass than natural environments, and DEHP or other chemicals indoors may contribute to this paucity.
The Ethanolic Extracts of the Root, Stem and Leaves of Balanites aegyptiaca against Selected Microbes
Authors: Kulawe D. , Ahidjo N. , Hena J. S.
Published: November 2019

Balanites aegyptiaca has been used in many traditional treatments of microbial infections. This work was carried out with the aim of determining the phytochemical compounds present in the ethanolic extracts of the root, stem and leaves of Balanites aegyptiaca and their effects against selected microorganisms. Phytochemical screening was undertaken to determine presence of secondary metabolites in the stem-bark, roots and leaves of the test plant. Well diffusion method was used to determine sensitivity of test organisms to the test plant. Result indicated the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and anthraquinones, although anthraquinones were absent in ethanolic extracts of root and stem bark of Balanites aegyptiaca but present in the ethanolic extract of the leaf. Antibacterial effects were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Results obtained from the ethanolic extract of the root stem and leaves showed significant zones of inhibition against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus at all concentrations of 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, 12.5 mg/ml and 6.125 mg/ml. The positive control performed better than the extracts in terms of zone of inhibition. The results of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) indicated that the leaf ethanolic extract had the greatest activity against K. pneumoniae with MIC value of 12.5 mg/ml, while the results from the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) showed that the leaf ethanolic extract had the greatest activity against K. pneumoniae with an MBC value of 12.5 mg/ml.
Physico-Chemical Properties and Plant Growth Characteristics of Tomatoes Grown Using Different Media
Authors: Sujitha E. , Nikhil H. G. , V. Ajay Niranj , Aneena K. S.
Published: November 2019

Soilless culture is a technique of crop production using no soil. The main reason towards need for soil to soilless culture for horticultural crops is the problem related to proliferation of soil borne pathogen in the soil cultivation. Recent research studies reported that commercial production of greenhouse vegetables with soilless media has paved the way for reduction in economic losses caused by soil-borne pathogens. In this context, the present study was initiated to identify suitable substrate mixes for soilless culture. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design. There were fifteen different media levels including control, with three replications. Crop Tomato TNAU hybrid CO3 were assessed for the mean performance in respect of growth characters namely shoot length, root length, germination percent and vigour index. The treatment Vermicompost: Coir pith (3:1) was found to have the highest value for growth characters for the crop. With regard to the physical and chemical properties, all combination media showed optimal range for crop growth. Further a cost analysis was made to find the suitable media based on cost aspects comparing reduction in vigour index and cost of media with that of best media. Treatment T7 (Vermicompost: coir pith (2:1)) and T6 (Vermicompost: Coir pith (1:3) were found to be the best media considering above factors.
Community Pharmacists' Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices towards the Use of Herbal Remedies
Authors: J. Ahmed Nehad , F. Khan Mohd
Published: November 2019

Background: The use of herbal medicines and natural health products by the public is continuously being increased by the day. Community pharmacists are the most accessible healthcare providers, this necessitates that pharmacists should be aware of the appropriate use of herbal medicines.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of community pharmacists in the Al-Kharj region.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out amongst pharmacists who work in different community pharmacies in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was prepared using surveys of previous studies and was hand-delivered to the pharmacists concerning the use of herbal medicines.

Results: All of the respondents were male and more than 50% of them were in the age range between 30-39. Most of the pharmacists reported that they have sufficient information about dietary supplements and that they are interested in updating their knowledge  about herbal drugs. Furthermore, more than 70% of the participants said that they take both medical and medication history from the buyers before supplying herbal medicines.

Conclusion: The study shows that pharmacists have good knowledge and a positive attitude toward using herbal medicines by the public in Al-Kharj city.
Relativistic Properties of a Lagrangian and a Hamiltonian in Quantum Theories
Authors: Comay Eliahu
Published: November 2019

Relativistic properties of a Dirac Lagrangian density are compared with those of a Dirac Hamiltonian density. Differences stem from the fact that a Lagrangian density is a Lorentz scalar, whereas a Hamiltonian density is a 00-component of a second rank tensor, called the energy-momentum tensor. This distinction affects the form of an interaction term of a Dirac particle. In particular, a tensor interaction term of a Dirac Lagrangian density transforms to a difference between a vector and an axial vector of the corresponding Hamiltonian density. This outcome shows that fundamental principles can prove the V-A attribute of weak interactions. A further analysis supports these results. Inherent problems of the electroweak theory are discussed.
KOMUNIKASI KOMUNITAS WARGA TEGALSARI DALAM HAL KESEHATAN, KEBERSIHAN, TEKNOLOGI DAN IDENTITAS KAMPUNG
Authors: Vidyarini Titi Nur , Sari Yustisia Ditya
Published: November 2019

Corporate Social responsibility (Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan) dipandang sebagai puncak tanggung jawab perusahaan kepada masyarakat. Di rana public relations, praktsi bertugas untuk menciptakan dan melaksanakan inisiatif CSR. Sebagai sebuah latihan untuk ketrampilan PR, mahasiswa Ilmu Komunikasi UK Petra bekerjasama dengan Habitat for Huma­nity, menciptakan inisiatif CSR. Lokasi pelaksanaan adalah kecamatan Tegalsari Sura­baya. Para mahasiswa menyasar penduduk di sana, secara khusus anak sekolah dasar, pemuda dan ibu-ibu rumah tangga. Tema program mereka bervariasi yaitu kesehatan, lingkungan sehat, teknologi berbasis internet dan identitas kampung. Program berjalan selama 6 minggu, dan pada saat itu mahasiswa bergabung dengan penduduk kampung dan mengerjakan program mereka sesuai sasaran masing-masing kelompok
Estimation and Verification of Partially Observed Discrete‐Event Systems
Authors: Yin Xiang
Published: November 2019

This article considers state estimation and verification problems for an important class of man‐made cyber‐physical systems called discrete‐event systems (DESs).
Structure guided deformable image registration for treatment planning CT and post stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) Primovist® (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA) enhanced MRI
Authors: Kuznetsova Svetlana , Grendarova Petra , Roy Soumyajit , Sinha Rishi , Thind Kundan , Ploquin Nicolas
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of structure‐guided deformable image registration (SG‐DIR) relative to rigid registration and DIR using TG‐132 recommendations. This assessment was performed for image registration of treatment planning computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans with Primovist® contrast agent acquired post stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). SBRT treatment planning CT scans and posttreatment Primovist® MRI scans were obtained for 14 patients. The liver was delineated on both sets of images and matching anatomical landmarks were chosen by a radiation oncologist. Rigid registration, DIR, and two types of SG‐DIR (using liver contours only; and using liver structures along with anatomical landmarks) were performed for each set of scans. TG‐132 recommended metrics were estimated which included Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), Mean Distance to Agreement (MDA), Target Registration Error (TRE), and Jacobian determinant. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. The median (range) DSC for rigid registration was 0.88 (0.77–0.89), 0.89 (0.81–0.93) for DIR, and 0.90 (0.86–0.94) for both types of SG‐DIR tested in this study. The median MDA was 4.8 mm (3.7–6.8 mm) for rigid registration, 3.4 mm (2.4–8.7 mm) for DIR, 3.2 mm (2.0–5.2 mm) for SG‐DIR where liver structures were used to guide the registration, and 2.8 mm (2.1–4.2 mm) for the SG‐DIR where liver structures and anatomical landmarks were used to guide the registration. The median TRE for rigid registration was 7.2 mm (0.5–23 mm), 6.8 mm (0.7–30.7 mm) for DIR, 6.1 mm (1.1–20.5 mm) for the SG‐DIR guided by only the liver structures, and 4.1 mm (0.8–19.7 mm) for SG‐DIR guided by liver contours and anatomical landmarks. The SG‐DIR shows higher liver conformality as per TG‐132 metrics and lowest TRE compared to rigid registration and DIR in Velocity AI software for the purpose of registering treatment planning CT and post‐SBRT MRI for the liver region. It was found that TRE decreases when liver contours and corresponding anatomical landmarks guide SG‐DIR.
Fabrication of Complex 3D Fluidic Networks via Modularized Stereolithography
Authors: Ching Terry , Toh Yi-Chin , Hashimoto Michinao
Published: November 2019

Stereolithography (SL) 3D printing has been widely applied for the fabrication of microchannels with photocurable resins and hydrogels, albeit with limitations in complexity and dimensions of attainable microchannels due to inadvertent polymerization of trapped photoresin within the channel voids and difficulty in evacuating trapped photoresin from channels after printing. Herein, a novel approach to circumvent these limitations by modularizing the fluidic network into printable subunits and assembling the printed subunits to reconstruct the fluidic network is proposed. This approach is validated by fabricating 2D and 3D hierarchical branching networks, lattice fluidic networks, helical channels, and serpentine channels, all of which are difficult to fabricate by a single attempt of 3D printing. The proposed approach offered 1) improves channel dimensions (channel w = 75 μm and h = 90 μm) and 2) increases complexity of fluidic network (up to 36 branching points). The principle of this approach is applicable to any SL printer and photocurable material for the fabrication of 3D microchannels. This approach should find applications in engineering tissue constructs recapitulating the complex 3D architecture of their vasculatures.
Hydrogel‐Enabled Transfer‐Printing of Conducting Polymer Films for Soft Organic Bioelectronics
Authors: Zhang Shiming , Ling Haonan , Chen Yihang , Cui Qingyu , Ni Jiahua , Wang Xiaochen , Hartel Martin C. , Meng Xiang , Lee KangJu , Lee Junmin , Sun Wujin , Lin Haisong , Emaminejad Sam , Ahadian Samad , Ashammakhi Nureddin , Dokmeci Mehmet R. , Khademhosseini Ali
Published: November 2019

The use of conducting polymers such as poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) for the development of soft organic bioelectronic devices, such as organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), is rapidly increasing. However, directly manipulating conducting polymer thin films on soft substrates remains challenging, which hinders the development of conformable organic bioelectronic devices. A facile transfer‐printing of conducting polymer thin films from conventional rigid substrates to flexible substrates offers an alternative solution. In this work, it is reported that PEDOT:PSS thin films on glass substrates, once mixed with surfactants, can be delaminated with hydrogels and thereafter be transferred to soft substrates without any further treatments. The proposed method allows easy, fast, and reliable transferring of patterned PEDOT:PSS thin films from glass substrates onto various soft substrates, facilitating their application in soft organic bioelectronics. By taking advantage of this method, skin‐attachable tattoo‐OECTs are demonstrated, relevant for conformable, imperceptible, and wearable organic biosensing.
Novel Thin‐Film Solid Nanocomposite Electrolyte for Lithium‐Ion Batteries by Combined MLD and ALD
Authors: Hollevoet Simon , Gandrud Knut Bjarne , Timmermans Marina Y. , Put Brecht , El Ajjouri Yousra , Van de Kerckhove Kevin , Detavernier Christophe , Mees Maarten , Vereecken Philippe M.
Published: November 2019

This work reports on the first thin‐film solid nanocomposite electrolyte (NCE) for lithium‐ion batteries made by combining two gas‐phase deposition techniques, molecular layer deposition (MLD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD). The advantage of using these techniques for the fabrication of NCEs comes from the ease of integration in thin‐film batteries and the possibility to alter the properties of the oxide matrix and of the Li‐compound independently. Moreover, the mesoporous oxide matrix based on an MLD and etching process, provides uniform interfaces with continuous conduction paths. An enhancement in Li‐ion conductivity of two orders of magnitude, compared to the pure Li‐compound, is obtained for an NCE consisting of a mesoporous Al2O3 matrix filled with Li2CO3. The impact of the oxide matrix on the resulting NCE Li‐ion conductivity is considerable, showing four orders of magnitude difference between silica and alumina. Finally, integration of the NCE in a thin‐film solid‐state battery stack utilizing a Li‐metal anode is demonstrated with good coulombic efficiency over a broad temperature range. The current findings and approach can expand the possibilities for development of novel thin‐film solid‐state electrolytes.
Narrow Emission from Rb3Sb2I9 Nanoparticles
Authors: Johnston Andrew , Dinic Filip , Todorović Petar , Chen Bin , Sagar Laxmi Kishore , Saidaminov Makhsud I. , Hoogland Sjoerd , Voznyy Oleksandr , Sargent Edward H.
Published: November 2019

Metal halide perovskites have gained attention for their optoelectronic properties and are employed as the active layer in solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, and photodetectors. However, the use of lead in the best‐performing perovskite devices may limit their wider application. Prior reports of lead‐free perovskite nanoparticles have exhibited linewidths more than twice as wide as their lead‐halide counterparts, limiting their attainable color gamut. Here the solution synthesis of lead‐free Rb3Sb2I9 nanoplatelets and single crystals is reported; the single crystals exhibit broad (full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) = 75 nm) photoluminescence centered at 635 nm, while the nanoplatelets exhibit narrow emission (FWHM = 21 nm) at 512 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield of both the single crystals and nanoplatelets is low and the present demonstration of the narrowest emission among all lead‐free perovskites reported to date motivates further study of how these and related materials can achieve further‐enhanced brightness.
Full‐Color Reflective Filters in a Large Area with a Wide‐Band Tunable Absorber Deposited by One‐Step Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Bu Yu , Bu XiuMing , Lyu FuCong , Liu Guo , Wu Ge , Pan LuLu , Cheng LiZi , Ho Johnny C. , Lu Jian
Published: November 2019

Full‐color reflective filters for large area applications with potentially unprecedented color saturation and excellent mechanical properties deposited by one‐step magnetron sputtering are proposed. Conventional reflective color filters with multiple layers of dielectric films cannot simultaneously produce a large area and good mechanical properties due to the complex multiple depositions and the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients among the material layers. Herein, full‐spectrum colors are generated by novel Mg‐based reflective color filters in a large area of 2 cm × 2 cm with a high hardness of 9.12 GPa, where the filters include an absorber layer with controllable optical constants and a reflective layer with an amorphous structure. The saturation and hue of the produced colors can be controlled by tuning the optical constants and the thickness of the absorber layer. Additionally, the hardness of the Mg‐based reflective color filters is increased by the reflective metallic glass layers because they are derived from the same material as the absorber layer. This paradigm can pave the way for the efficient fabrication of large area color filtering devices for diverse applications, such as surface decorations, optical components, color display devices, structural color printing, and photovoltaic cells with optimum efficiency.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Z‐Alkenyl Disulfides from α‐Thiophosphorylated Ketones and Thiosulfonates
Authors: Musiejuk Mateusz , Doroszuk Justyna , Jędrzejewski Bartosz , Ortiz Nieto Gregory , Marin Navarro Marisol , Witt Dariusz
Published: November 2019

We developed a simple and efficient method for the synthesis of functionalized unsymmetrical Z‐alkenyl disulfides under mild conditions in moderate to good yields. The designed method is based on the reaction of α‐thiophosphorylated carbonyl compounds with thiotosylates in the presence of a base. The developed method allows the preparation of unsymmetrical Z‐alkenyl disulfides bearing additional hydroxy, carboxy, or ester functionalities

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Electrochemical Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Thiadiazoles through Intermolecular Dehydrogenative S‐N Coupling
Authors: Li Jiang‐Sheng , Xie Xin‐Yun , Yang Pan‐Pan , Jiang Si , Tao Li , Li Zhi‐Wei , Lu Cui‐Hong , Liu Wei‐Dong
Published: November 2019

An electrochemical intermolecular dehydrogenative coupling reaction of isothiocyanates with 2‐aminopyridines/amidines was developed. Using n‐Bu4NI as the catalyst and electrolyte, 1,2,4‐thiadiazoles and pyrido‐fused 1,2,4‐thiadiazoles were readily accessed with good to excellent efficiency under the undivided electrolysis conditions. This electrochemical approach obviates the use of external oxidants and transition‐metal catalysts.

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Salinity‐Gradient Power Generation with Ionized Wood Membranes
Authors: Wu Qing‐Yun , Wang Chengwei , Wang Ruiliu , Chen Chaoji , Gao Jinlong , Dai Jiaqi , Liu Dapeng , Lin Zhiwei , Hu Liangbing
Published: November 2019

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is known as an efficient way of converting the salinity gradient between river water and sea water into energy. However, the high cost and complex fabrication of the necessary ion exchange membranes greatly prohibit the development of the RED process. For the first time, an ionized wood membrane is demonstrated for this application, benefiting from the advantages of natural wood, which is abundant, low cost, sustainable, and easy to scale. The wood membrane maintains the aligned nanochannels of the cellulose nanofibers derived from the natural wood. The surface of the nanochannels can be functionalized to positively or negatively charged by in situ modifying the hydroxyl groups on the cellulose chains to quaternary ammonium or carboxyl groups, respectively. These charged aligned nanochannels serve as nanofluidic passages for selective ion transport with opposite polarity through the wood membrane, resulting in efficient charge separation and generating an electrochemical potential difference. The all‐wood RED device with 100 cells using a scalable stacking geometry generates an output voltage as high as 9.8 V at open circuit from a system of synthetic river water and sea water.
Boronization‐Induced Ultrathin 2D Nanosheets with Abundant Crystalline–Amorphous Phase Boundary Supported on Nickel Foam toward Efficient Water Splitting
Authors: Xu Hongbin , Fei Ben , Cai Guanghui , Ha Yuan , Liu Jing , Jia Huaxian , Zhang Jichao , Liu Miao , Wu Renbing
Published: November 2019

The conversion of crystalline metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) into metal compounds/carbon hybrid nanocomposites via pyrolysis provides a promising solution to design electrocatalysts for electrochemical water splitting. However, pyrolyzing MOFs generally involves a complex high‐temperature treatment, which can destroy the coordinated surroundings within MOFs, and as a result not taking their full advantage of their electrolysis properties. Herein, a simple and room‐temperature boronization strategy is developed to convert nickel zeolite imidazolate framework (Ni‐ZIF) nanorods into ultrathin Ni‐ZIF/NiB nanosheets with abundant crystalline–amorphous phase boundaries. The combined experiment, and theoretical calculation results disclose that the ultrathin thickness allows fast electron transfer and ensures increased exposure of surface coordinatively unsaturated active sites while the crystalline–amorphous interface elaborately changes the potential‐determining step to energetically favorable intermediates. As a result, Ni‐ZIF/NiB nanosheets supported on nickel foam (NF) require overpotentials of 67 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction and 234 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Remarkably, Ni‐ZIF/NiB@NF as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting enables an alkaline electrolyzer with 10 mA cm−2 at an ultralow cell voltage of 1.54 V. The present work may open a new avenue to the design of MOF‐derived composites for electrocatalysis.
Developmental origins of variability in pelvic dimensions: Evidence from nulliparous South Asian women in the United Kingdom
Authors: Shirley Meghan K. , Cole Tim J. , Arthurs Owen J. , Clark Chris A. , Wells Jonathan C.K.
Published: November 2019

Objectives

Pelvic growth may be sensitive to early‐life nutrition, with implications for maternal risk of obstructed labor. However, the “developmental origins” of adult pelvic variability require further investigation. We tested whether adult pelvic dimensions are associated with two components of height, indexing different periods of linear growth: tibia length, a proxy for early postnatal growth, and height‐residual (height regressed on tibia length), a proxy for later growth. We also tested whether adult pelvic dimensions are associated with birth weight, a marker of nutritional investment in utero.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, data were obtained on 68 nulliparous young women of South Asian ancestry. Pelvic dimensions (bi‐iliac and bi‐acetabular breadth, anteroposterior pelvic inlet and outlet, interspinous and intertuberous diameter) were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Height and tibia length were measured manually. Birth weight and gestational age were obtained by recall. Multivariable regression models were fitted with a given pelvic dimension regressed on height‐residual, tibia, and birth weight, with the latter adjusted for gestational age.

Results

Controlling for birth weight, height‐residual was predictive of bi‐acetabular breadth, bi‐iliac breadth, and the pelvic inlet, while tibia length significantly predicted all dimensions except interspinous diameter. Controlling for the linear growth variables, birth weight was predictive of bi‐iliac breadth only.

Conclusions

Markers of linear growth during both early and later development were associated with adult pelvic dimensions, whereas size at birth was poorly predictive. Efforts to reduce stunting in early life may facilitate the attainment of maximum potential growth for both height and the pelvis.
Photobodies: Light‐Activatable Single‐Domain Antibody Fragments
Authors: Jedlitzke Benedikt , Yilmaz Zahide , Dörner Wolfgang , Mootz Henning D.
Published: November 2019

Photocaged antibody fragments, termed photobodies, have been developed that are impaired in their antigen‐binding capacity and can be activated by irradiation with UV light (365 nm). This rational design concept builds on the selective photocaging of a single tyrosine in a nanobody (a single‐domain antibody fragment). Tyrosine is a frequently occurring residue in central positions of the paratope region. o‐Nitrobenzyl‐protected tyrosine variants were incorporated into four nanobodies, including examples directed against EGFR and HER2, and photodeprotection restores the native sequence. An anti‐GFP photobody exhibited an at least 10 000‐fold impaired binding affinity before photodeprotection compared with the parent nanobody. A bispecific nanobody–photobody fusion protein was generated to trigger protein heterodimerization by light. Photoactivatable antibodies are expected to become versatile protein reagents and to enable novel approaches in diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
In Situ Generation and Stabilization of Accessible Cu/Cu2O Heterojunctions inside Organic Frameworks for Highly Efficient Catalysis
Authors: Chen Kai , Ling Jia‐Long , Wu Chuan‐De
Published: November 2019

Heterostructural metal/metal oxides are the very promising substituents of noble‐metal catalysts; however, generation and further stabilization of accessible metal/metal oxide heterojunctions are very difficult. A strategy to encapsulate and stabilize Cu/Cu2O nanojunctions in porous organic frameworks in situ is developed by tuning the acrylate contents in copper‐based metal–organic frameworks (Cu‐MOFs) and the pyrolytic conditions. The acrylate groups play important roles on improving the polymerization degree of organic frameworks and generating and stabilizing highly dispersed and accessible Cu/Cu2O heteronanojunctions. As a result, pyrolysis of the MOF ZJU‐199, consisting of three acrylates per ligand, generates abundant heterostructural Cu/Cu2O discrete domains inside porous organic matrices at 350 °C, demonstrating excellent catalytic properties in liquid‐phase hydrogenation of furfural into furfuryl alcohol, which are much superior to the non‐noble metal‐based catalysts.
Macrophage‐Targeted Isoniazid–Selenium Nanoparticles Promote Antimicrobial Immunity and Synergize Bactericidal Destruction of Tuberculosis Bacilli
Authors: Pi Jiang , Shen Ling , Yang Enzhuo , Shen Hongbo , Huang Dan , Wang Richard , Hu Chunmiao , Jin Hua , Cai Huaihong , Cai Jiye , Zeng Gucheng , Chen Zheng W.
Published: November 2019

Pathogenesis hallmarks for tuberculosis (TB) are the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) escape from phagolysosomal destruction and limited drug delivery into infected cells. Several nanomaterials can be entrapped in lysosomes, but the development of functional nanomaterials to promote phagolysosomal Mtb clearance remains a big challenge. Here, we report on the bactericidal effects of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) against Mtb and further introduce a novel nanomaterial‐assisted anti‐TB strategy manipulating Ison@Man‐Se NPs for synergistic drug‐induced and phagolysosomal destruction of Mtb. Ison@Man‐Se NPs preferentially entered macrophages and accumulated in lysosomes releasing Isoniazid. Surprisingly, Ison@Man‐Se/Man‐Se NPs further promoted the fusion of Mtb into lysosomes for synergistic lysosomal and Isoniazid destruction of Mtb. Concurrently, Ison@Man‐Se/Man‐Se NPs also induced autophagy sequestration of Mtb, evolving into lysosome‐associated autophagosomal Mtb degradation linked to ROS‐mitochondrial and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. This novel nanomaterial‐assisted anti‐TB strategy manipulating antimicrobial immunity and Mtb clearance may potentially serve in more effective therapeutics against TB and drug‐resistant TB.