bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population Estimation and Identification of Long-Tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) Group at Tlogo Muncar Tourism Area, Mount Merapi National Park, After Two Years Closure Caused by the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bernathirdin A N H , Wijayanto H , Kusindarta D L , Budipitojo T
Published: June 2023

Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis is one of the most common primates in Indonesia. In Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, the long-tailed macaque is habituated in Merapi Forest. The study aims to estimate the long-tailed macaque population and re-identification of groups. Moreover, we will observe the social structures that probably changed because of the interruption of interaction with visitors after the closure of the Tlogo Muncar area during the COVID-19 pandemic. The estimation population study was done using the concentration method. The long-tailed macaque group in Tlogo Muncar consists of three groups: Waterfalls, Mosque, and Joglo Trubus. The study was also identifying the alpha male of each group. The dataset obtained was processed using Microsoft Excel and analyzed descriptively. The results show that the estimated long-tailed macaque population in Tlogo Muncar area is 282 individuals. Alpha male identification of each group found alpha males in the Waterfall Group characterized by a lump on the left eyelid and a wound on the left hand. The alpha male of the Mosque Group is marked by a lump on his left eyelid with maxillary prognathism, while the alpha male of the Joglo Trubus Group has transverse scratches on the nose. The results showed an increase in the long-tailed macaque population in Tlogo Muncar area from 201 individuals in 2021 to 282 individuals in 2022. The increase of ecological pressure perhaps caused the rise in population number in 2022 during the closure of the area, to which the adult female responded by increasing their reproduction rate. The reopening of Tlogo Muncar after the Covid-19 pandemic has increased feed availability and attracted monkeys to forage outside the forest.
Plasma membrane integrity and acrosomal integrity of fresh and frozen Bali bull semen based on different ejaculate volume
Authors: Bahmid N A , Jamil N I , Yusuf O D P , Farida S , Gustina S
Published: June 2023

Semen volume is one of the measuring points used to determine the quality of a bull’s semen in one ejaculate. Plasma Membrane Integrity (PMI) and Acrosomal Integrity (AI) are more detailed microscopic examinations and are used to determine the ability of spermatozoa to fertilize. The aim of this study was to evaluate the PMI and AI of fresh and frozen semen of Bali bull based on different ejaculate volumes. This research was conducted in March-April at Artificial Insemination Centre (AIC) in Pucak, South Sulawesi. The method used in this study was an experimental method with 4 treatments of ejaculate volume 1-3 ml; 3.1-5 ml; 5.1-7 ml; and 7.1-9 ml for 3 replicates each. The observed variables were PMI and AI. The results showed that the volume variation had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the PMI and AI values of fresh Bali cattle semen, as well as post-thawing frozen semen. The average percentage of PMI in fresh semen was 63.49±1.46% and post thawing was 37.66±2.82%, while the average AI percentage for fresh semen was 73.17±2.06% and post thawing was 50.92±2.64%. The conclusion of this study is the volume of ejaculate does not affect the plasma membrane integrity and acrosomal integrity of Bali cattle semen, both fresh and frozen.
A small legged robot for inspection purposes
Authors: Dębogórski Błażej , Fiedeń Mateusz , Szrek Jarosław , Wodecki Jacek
Published: June 2023

Streszczenie

The paper deals with mobile robots with special emphasis on walking robots. A review of applications of particular types of mobile robots in various applications has been carried out. The validity of the use of walking robots in inspection tasks has been analyzed. A list of commercially available solutions has been presented and their parameters compared. A concept of a miniature walking robot for inspection tasks requiring operation in a confined space has been proposed. The design of the prototype, the structural solutions used, the system diagram and the structure of the control algorithms are presented. Conclusions and observations on the design process are presented. A set of modifications and solutions enabling the application of the robot in real inspection conditions have been proposed. The validity of the presented concept has been analyzed.
Large underground structures geometry evaluation based on point cloud data analysis
Authors: Wróblewski Adam , Wodecki Jacek , Trybała Paweł , Zimroz Radoslaw
Published: June 2023

As a result of underground exploitation performed by blasting technique or mechanical excavation large underground structures are created. Usually, due to the mining and geological conditions of the exploitation, obtained excavations geometry may be far from this assumed at the design stage. The geometry of the excavations is of key importance in several important stages of the technological process. Taking into account economic issues, deviations from the planned cross-section of the excavation generate additional, often considerable operating costs. If the cross-sectional area is greater than the assumed one, the ore may be impoverished, since the dimensions of mining faces are usually following the dimensions of the deposit zone. On the other hand, when the cross-sectional area is smaller than assumed, to maintain the proper operation of the mining plant, it is necessary to re-cut the excavation. It is particularly important from a mine ventilation point of view, as it generates problems in supplying adequate amounts of air to work areas, as well as transport, causing a significant problem for moving machines. Underground mine workings tend to change over time as a result of processes taking place in the rock mass aimed at establishing a new stress and strain state of rock mass after the excavation has been made. Considering the extent of underground mining structures, there is a need to develop a method that would allow the assessment of the geometry of workings, both newly created and existing ones, with the assumption of quick acquisition of measurement data, their processing, and analysis. Addressing those needs, in this paper, the authors are presenting a method based on a 3D point cloud of excavation geometry obtained thanks to measurements with the use of Terrestrial Laser Scanner/LiDAR, the procedure used to convert the point cloud into a spatial model of excavations, as well as data processing procedures used to extract informative parameters describing the geometry. Several statistical parameters are proposed for feature analysis along the tunnel length.
On Shadowing Effects in the Flow around the Group of Circular Cylinders in the Geotechnical Applications
Authors: Zinchenko Andrii , Krot Pavlo , Baiul Kostiantyn , Wróblewski Adam , Banasiewicz Aleksandra
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the presented study is to investigate the influence of the distance between three infinite circular cylinders in a tandem group on their aerodynamic coefficients and the general flow pattern. The questions of the numerical simulation of viscous incompressible flow around a group of cylinders in the tandem arrangement are considered. The numerical study of the flow around the group of cylinders is based on unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The results are presented as a visualization of the instantaneous flow parameters and the dependencies of the averaged drag coefficients on the distance between the cylinders. Following the previous investigations, the flow parameters were chosen in a little-studied range, corresponding to the Reynolds number of 120 for a standalone cylinder. The distances between the centers of neighboring cylinders ranged from 1.1 to 6.0 cylinder diameters. Three characteristic flow patterns are distinguished depending on the distance between the cylinders. The first one is a steady-state flow similar to the flow around the standalone cylinder. This flow pattern is formed when the distance between the cylinders is less than three diameters. Increasing the distance between the centers up to four diameters produces the second flow pattern. The vortex street is formed behind the group while the flow between the cylinders remains steady. Further increasing the distance between the cylinders causes the formation of the third pattern when the flow between the cylinders becomes unsteady as well. The averaged drag coefficients for each cylinder in the group are obtained. The presented work helps better to understand the flow structure around the group of cylinders and can be used at the design stage in various engineering applications, including cooling towers, heat exchanger tubes, chimney stacks, marine platforms, and high-rise buildings.
Study of groundwater temperature spatio-temporal variation in the city of Wroclaw. Preliminary results.
Authors: Hajnrych M , Blachowski J , Worsa-Kozak M
Published: June 2023

In Wrocław over the past 20 years, the recorded increase in the average ambient air temperature is approx. 0.5 °C. In addition, urbanisation has created a phenomenon called the Urban Heat Island (UHI). The combined effect of the UHI and climate change can influence groundwater temperature by penetrating underground. The phenomenon of elevated groundwater temperatures in urban areas is called the Subsurface Urban Heat Island (SSUHI). This study focuses on the spatial distribution of temperature in shallow aquifers in the city of Wroclaw. The spatial distribution was analysed based on groundwater temperature maps developed with various interpolation techniques. The results of measurements in a network of 65 piezometers conducted in the 2004-2005 hydrological year have been used in this study. The temperatures recorded show seasonal variation with the lowest recorded in February (1.3 °C) and the highest in August (24.5 °C) with the annual average of 13.2 °C. The data has been processed with the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Kriging interpolation methods. Furthermore, the cokriging method based on multivariate linear regression models has been used to assess if variable such as distance from the city centre improve the interpolation performance expressed as the lowest RMS error value. It has been established that the Kriging univariate regression model based interpolation method produced the best results (RMS error equal to 1.33 °C) and that the distance from the city centre has improved the accuracy of interpolation.
Coral density level in the context of ecological resilience and its effect on sustainable tourism in Pari Island, DKI Jakarta
Authors: Samadi Samadi , Munandar Aris , Ayuni Vrita Tri , Amelia Risky Nuri
Published: June 2023

Social changes in the context of climate change include the character of capitalism and the relationship between nature and culture that encourages people to respond to climate change and adapt their livelihoods. The purpose of this study is to calculate coral density in the context of ecological resilience and its effect on sustainable tourism in Pari Island, DKI Jakarta. The research method uses a survey with the Line Intercept Transect method. Sampling was carried out at a depth of 5 and 7 meters, depending on the presence of coral. The length of transect used is 50 meters and is placed parallel to the shoreline of the island. The results showed: First, most of the coral reefs in Pari Island are still in good and healthy condition. Of the 15 sample points observed, only 2 showed coral mortality due to internal and external factors in the sea. From the results of the analysis it was concluded that the condition of healthy coral reefs in the waters of Pari Island had a high density. Meanwhile, stressed or dead coral reefs have a low density. This condition indicates that coral reefs are still effective in supporting tourism activities.
Analysis of thermal comfort in urban area using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System
Authors: Arif Nursida , Hadi Bambang Syaeful , Sumunar Dyah Respati Suryo , Nugraheni Dwi Rahayu , Kharisma  , Dewi Arifima Nurlaila , Kurniawati Indira
Published: June 2023

The rapid development of the city of Yogyakarta has resulted in the conversion of land functions from built-up land to undeveloped areas such as residential areas, office areas, and industrial areas. This land-use change is predicted to impact changes in weather and climate in most of the cities of Yogyakarta and cause the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. Urban Heat Island will have implications for thermal comfort which can affect the productivity of community activities. This study aims to determine the correlation between UHI and the level of thermal comfort of settlements in Yogyakarta. This research was conducted to determine the level of thermal comfort in the city of Yogyakarta using remote sensing and GIS approaches. Comfort classification was obtained from the THI analysis and analyzed the correlation between THI and UHI. The UHI variable is used to calculate the Temperature Humidity Index (THI). The results of the quantitative analysis showed that Yogyakarta City UHI had a strong positive correlation (r2= 0.93) with the level of THI and a weak negative correlation with RH (r2= 0,52). T The increase in the level of UHI shows that the humidity and thermal comfort of the city of Yogyakarta is decreasing. The results of the qualitative analysis of the study also show that more than 95% of the people feel comfortable with the thermal conditions in which they live.
Using physical parameters for tourism potential mapping: Study case of beach tourism destination in Gajahrejo, Malang
Authors: Irawan L Y , Kamal M F M , Devy M M R , Prasetyo W E , Lelitawati M , Sumarmi
Published: June 2023

Beach tourism potential in Desa Gajahrejo, Kecamatan Gedangan, Kabupaten Malang can optimize its domestic income if developed and managed properly. Therefore, it is essential to map and thus analyze its tourism potential. This research used four physical indicators to determine the classification of the beach tourism potential of Gajahrejo: 1) distance from the city center, 2) amenities, 3) accessibility, and 4) attractiveness. After data collection using a survey method, the data was scored based on its potential values. After that, it was classified into five tourism potential classes from “very low” to “very high”. Out of 14 beaches in Gajahrejo, two are considered to have “low” potential, five are considered to have “moderate” potential, and seven are considered to have “high” potential. Amenities and accessibility indicators had the most influence on the final tourism potential score of the area. As a recommendation, each beach needs to have a distinctive tourist attraction to meet diverse tourist segmentations. Moreover, it is vital to improve the accessibility of each beach tourism destination by connecting it to the province’s main road.
Rehabilitation plan for coal pit revegetation area East Kalimantan
Authors: Damayanti R , Handayani S
Published: June 2023

The degraded mining area, especially the disposal area, must be reclaimed to preserve the possibility of its subsequent use in the future. The open pit rehabilition must ensure post-mining contributes powerfully to the ecosystem by restoring the production capacity and stability of the area. The exercise was applied to a nearly 0.5 Ha of open-pit coal mine conducted in cooperation between Korea and Indonesia to create a production forest that can ultimately support the environment. The objective of this work was to design mine pit reclamation plan through characterization physically and chemically the location by regenerating, checking the drainage system, analyzing soil fertility and the possibility of soil contamination and discovering fast growing local crop and forest plant species. The main focus is more on analyzing the soil condition affected by the acid mine drainage problem. The results showed that the northern restoration target site had the steep slope, characterized as acidic soil (pH was 4.2 – 4.6) with low exchangeable cation and low phosphate availability. The heavy metals did not exceed the contamination limit, so separate processing to prevent leaching of heavy metals is not required. Routine monitoring of the drainage system is important because it will affect the watering frequency and leaching control. Understanding the step by step mine rehabilitation can assist in designing reclamation efforts especially for revegetation purpose.
The impact of transportation growth on the increase SO2 and NO2 gases in Surakarta City during 2013 - 2020
Authors: Anwar M Z , Rindarjono M G , Ahmad
Published: June 2023

The city of Surakarta has experienced a population growth of 2.42% since 2010 which has an impact on increasing public needs in the transportation sector. The increasing number of transportation in Surakarta City can causes various kinds of problems, one of which is increase air pollution of SO2 and NO2. This study aims to determine impact transportation developments on increase in air pollution of SO2 and NO2 gases in Surakarta City during 2013 – 2020. Research method using regression calculation to determine the effect of transportation growth on the accumulation of SO2 and NO2 gases and time series analysis. The time period is 2013 – 2020 in Surakarta City by determining 20 monitoring points to obtain SO2 and NO2 gases data collected using the passive sampler method. The results obtained indicate a fluctuating increase and decrease in SO2 and NO2 gases during the period 2013 – 2020. Total amount of SO2 gas collected during 2013 – 2020 was 2095.67 g/Nm3 with the highest amount being in 2014 at 353.72 g/Nm3, while the total amount of NO2 gas collected during 2013 – 2020 Overall it was 2202.64 g/Nm3, the highest was in 2014 which was 416.07 g/Nm3. The impact of transportation growth on NO2 gas is 89,4% during 2013 - 2020, while for SO2 gas there is no significant effect.
The relation of regional characteristics and economic value of agricultural dry land in Cugenang District, Cianjur Regency
Authors: Arjuwanti N , Setiadi H , Rizqihandari N
Published: June 2023

The development of an area occurs due to the influence of several factors, including geographical conditions, availability of facilities and infrastructure, population demographics, distance from the city center, accessibility, climatic conditions, and natural resources. The development process of regional development is closely related to urbanization, along with population growth, the need for land continues to increase, and the development process will affect the nearest area which is usually characterized as rural areas. This study aims to identify the spatial pattern of regional characteristics formed in Cugenang District, Cianjur Regency, and its relationship to the economic value of dryland agriculture. 5 (five) variables are used, namely forest, agricultural land, built-up land, altitude, and the economic value of the land. The research was conducted quantitatively using 35 data samples by conducting interviews with respondents, namely farmers and field validation. A grid system with an area of 200 × 200 meters is used, so it makes 2,049 grids to identify the level of urban area. The spatial pattern of regional characteristics is reviewed based on altitude and the ANOVA test is used to identify the relationship between urban areas and the economic value of dryland. The results showed that the District of Cugenang has a spatial pattern of regional characteristics where the higher the level of urban area the lower the altitude area will be, and the relationship between the level of regional characteristics and the economic value of dryland agriculture shows the difference in the average economic value of dryland at the three levels of regional characteristics.
Green restorative justice approach in environmental issues to attain the sustainable development
Authors: Fuady Muhammad Ikram Nur , Ishak Nurfaika
Published: June 2023

Environmental has been a global issue. The industry entities have damaged the ecosystem severely, so the right approach to solve this problem is necessary. This study aims to discuss on the prospects of green restorative justice as the settlement of environmental cases, especially in broken environments due to the industry company activities. This qualitative study used the exploratory method about the chance of green restorative justice to settle the problem between corporations and communities which were damaged in their living area. The findings showed that green restorative justice could be another way to solve the environmental issues because the non-trial process took less time and low cost. Following that, another finding was that implementing re-greening of the ecosystem by the guilty company could be faster and more beneficial for the community as long as the other stakeholders involved, such as the government and media guarding the cases. Furthermore, this study can be used as a future way to face the conflict between the corporation and the society where the environment is the victim, so that sustainable development can be attained.
The risk of landslides in The Jlantah upstream watershed in Karanganyar Regency in 2022
Authors: Nugraha Setya , Suryanto  , Utomowati Rahning , Saputra Aditya Eka
Published: June 2023

The Jlantah watershed (DAS) is a tributary of the Bengawan Solo River with an area of ±2,247 hectares, located on the western slope of Mount Lawu, including Tawangmangu District and Jatiyoso District, Karanganyar Regency. Regional developments in the eastern part of Karanganyar Regency, supported by improved accessibility of the road linking Karanganyar Regency with Magetan Regency, will create new growth centres to diversify use. The development of agribusiness-oriented dryland agriculture, natural tourism destinations, and the establishment of residential buildings provide more employment and business opportunities to improve the government’s and surrounding communities’ economic conditions. In other parts of the land characteristics in the Jlantah watershed, there are 68.78% very steep land slopes (>40%), 62.74% of the type of soil is greyish brown andosol and lytosol complex, and the rock structure has minor faults. The study aimed to determine the vulnerability, vulnerability, and risk of landslides in areas with other regional developments. This research was conducted in the Jlantah Upstream watershed, which includes: Tawangmangu Subdistrict (Blumbang Village, Gondosuli Village) with high environmental pressure and Jatiyoso District (Beruk Village) with low ecological pressure. The research method is quantitative descriptive with the determination of hazard, vulnerability, and risk of landslides using scoring and weighting from documentation data and observation results. The results of the study are: Blumbang Village, Gondosuli Village, and Beruk Village have a high category of hazard and vulnerability to landslides, while the risk of landslides has a medium class.
Karst ecosystem services and land-covers dynamic: case study from Karst of Tuban and Tuban Regency, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Authors: Reinhart H , Putra R D , Rafida M R
Published: June 2023

Karst area provides numerous ecosystem services from the interaction among its components of water, soil, and vegetation. However, a threat from unsustainable practice and resource overuses could diminish those services. Therefore, it is critical to steadily monitor the karst dynamics, especially in high-activity karst like the Karst of Tuban. This study aims to capture the karst dynamic, particularly the land-use change and how its impact on ecosystem services (ES). To achieve the research objective, an artificial intelligence tool of ARtificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services (ARIES) is employed. ARIES examines a dataset for 6 years intervals beginning in 2012 to 2018 consisting of land-use and ecosystem change and ES using 150 m spatial resolution data. During that period, Tuban Regency undergoes a heavy change in artificial surface and a significant decrease in the water body and cropland. From the result, ARIES as the ES estimation tool can be used for robust calculation and preliminary study due to its limitation. The results also show the urge to address the issue of carbon storage and sediment regulation in the karst area and the land-cover changes in the Tuban Regency.
Analysis of Dengkeng river flood disaster preparedness in Cawas District
Authors: Rahman Ahmad Mahbub Nur , Nurhadi
Published: June 2023

Cawas District is an area that has a high potential for flood risk. One of the causes of flooding in Cawas District is the collapse of the Dengkeng river embankment. Other factors that cause flooding include the narrowness of the river flow in the east, the amount of garbage blocking the flow of the Dengkeng river, flooding from the Bayat area, and the delay in opening the dam’s floodgates. To find out the preparedness of the community in Cawas District in the face of flooding, a study was carried out. The research was conducted using qualitative methods. The data collection uses interview, observation, and documentation techniques. While the data analysis using componential analysis techniques. To support the research results are attached: Dengkeng sub-watershed map and flood event map in Cawas District. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the level of preparedness of the community on the banks of the Dengkeng River in Cawas District in dealing with flooding is not ready.
Investigating spatial relationship of soil capability and agricultural land management in Cugenang District, Cianjur Regency
Authors: Asmarani S. , Semedi J. M. , Rustanto A.
Published: June 2023

Soil as a medium for plant growth is the most important factor in agriculture. Soil capability is closely related to soil fertility which describes soil productivity in producing optimal agricultural production. Cugenang District is located in Cianjur Regency, which has abundant rice crops. Cugenang District also experiences changes in land use and disasters that can decrease the land’s ability. This study aims to map and analyze the capability of the soil and land management of paddy fields and the relationship between the two. This quantitative research uses spatial, statistical, and descriptive analysis. Data were collected by observation, soil sampling, interviews, and secondary data sourced from related institutions. The collected data will be processed using statistical tests and geospatial technology using ArcGIS 10.8 to visualize soil capability and land management of paddy fields geographically. The weighted overlay technique’s spatial analysis results show that most paddy fields have medium and low soil capability. Meanwhile, high soil capability for paddy fields is mostly found in high areas of Cugenang District. The land management of paddy fields is calssified into two combinations. The first combination is between vegetative conservation and fertilization. The second combination is between vegetative conservation, mechanics conservation, and fertilization. Statistical test using chi-square shows a strong relationship between soil capability and land management. The results of this study indicate that the majority of paddy fields with medium soil capability use three methods of land management techniques, while paddy fields with low soil capability use two methods of land management techniques.
Fermi polaron fine structure in strained van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Iakovlev Z A , Glazov M M
Published: June 2023

The fine structure of attractive Fermi polarons in van der Waals heterostructures based on monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides in the presence of elastic strain is studied theoretically. The charged excitons (trions), three particle bound states of two electrons and a hole or two holes and an electron, do not show any strain-induced fine structure splitting compared to neutral excitons whose radiative doublet is split by the strain into linearly polarized components. The correlation of the trions with Fermi sea holes gives rise to attractive Fermi polarons. We show that this results in a fine structure splitting of the polaron into states polarized along the main axes of the strain tensor. This effect is related to the bosonic statistics of Fermi polarons. We develop a microscopic theory of the effect and calculate the strain-induced splitting of Fermi polarons for both tungsten- and molybdenum-based monolayers, identifying the role of inter- and intravalley exciton–electron interactions. The fine structure splitting of the attractive Fermi polaron is proportional to both the excitonic splitting and the Fermi energy. The Fermi polaron fine structure in bilayers is briefly analyzed, and the role of electron and trion localization in moiré potentials is discussed.
Recycling of bypass cement kiln dust in the production of eco-friendly roof tiles
Authors: ElNaggar K A M , Ahmed M M , Abbas W , Abdel Hamid E M
Published: June 2023

Most of the research of building materials companies at present focuses on recycling waste to minimize the cost of their products and for the safe disposal of these wastes. In this work, the by-pass cement kiln dust (BCKD), the dust that is discarded from the kiln system was used for the preparation of roof tiles. It is partially used to substitute clay in percentages from 5% up to 25%. to prepare roof tiles abiding by ASTM C1167 for two objectives, the safe disposal of waste and the production of low-cost roof tiles. The raw materials were assessed by particle size analysis, XRD, and XRF. The mud was poured into moulds with dimensions of 150 * 30 * 25 mm3 and pressed under a pressure of 10 MPa then dried. The dried samples were fired to temperatures 1000, 1100, and 1150 °C with a soaking time of one hour for each temperature. The linear firing shrinkage, water absorption, bulk density, and breaking strength were measured to determine the properties of the fired specimens. The initial rate of absorption and runoff properties were also determined for the optimal samples. The results showed that samples containing 8% and 12% of BCKD waste that fired at 1100 °C and 1150 °C had cold water absorption of 14% and a saturation coefficient of 0.85, both of which were below the maximum values of the standard limits. Furthermore, the measured breaking strength of about 2700 N was much higher than the necessary minimum value. The results showed that samples met the requirements of ASTM 1167 for clay-type roof tiles containing 8% BCKD waste and fired to 1100 °C. For economic and environmental benefits, 1100 °C firing temperature is recommended than 1150 °C. The initial rate of absorption was found to be 2.8 kg.m−2 and the runoff properties were found to be 0.02 mg.l−1, 7.53, 110.5 mg.l−1 for total dissolved solids, pH and total solids respectively.
Exploring battery cathode materials in the Li-Ni-O phase diagrams using structure prediction
Authors: Cen Jiayi , Zhu Bonan , Scanlon David O
Published: June 2023

The Li-Ni-O phase diagram contains several electrochemically active ternary phases. Many compositions and structures in this phase space can easily be altered by (electro-)chemical processes, yielding many more (meta-)stable structures with interesting properties. In this study, we use ab initio random structure searching (AIRSS) to accelerate materials discovery of the Li-Ni-O phase space. We demonstrate that AIRSS can efficiently explore structures (e.g. LiNiO2) displaying dynamic Jahn-Teller effects. A thermodynamically stable Li2Ni2O3 phase which reduces the thermodynamic stability window of LiNiO2 was discovered. AIRSS also encountered many dynamically stable structures close to the convex hull. Therefore, we confirm the presence of metastable Li-Ni-O phases by revealing their structures and properties. This work will allow Li-Ni-O phases to be more easily identified in future experiments and help to combat the challenges in synthesizing Li-Ni-O phases.
Intrinsic vacancy in 2D defective semiconductor In2S3 for artificial photonic nociceptor
Authors: Wang Peng , Xue Wuhong , Ci Wenjuan , Yang Ruilong , Xu Xiaohong
Published: June 2023

It is crucial to develop an advanced artificially intelligent optoelectronic information system that accurately simulates photonic nociceptors like the activation process of a human visual nociceptive pathway. Visible light reaches the retina for human visual perception, but its excessive exposure can damage nearby tissues. However, there are relatively few reports on visible light–triggered nociceptors. Here, we introduce a two-dimensional natural defective III–VI semiconductor β-In2S3 and utilize its broad spectral response, including visible light brought by intrinsic defects, for visible light–triggered artificial photonic nociceptors. The response mode of the device, under visible light excitation, is very similar to that of the human eye. It perfectly reproduces the pain perception characteristics of the human visual system, such as ‘threshold,’ ‘relaxation,’ ‘no adaptation’, and ‘sensitization’. Its working principle is attributed to the mechanism of charge trapping associated with the intrinsic vacancies in In2S3 nanosheets. This work provides an attractive material system (intrinsic defective semiconductors) for broadband artificial photonic nociceptors.
Coprophagy rapidly matures juvenile gut microbiota in a precocial bird
Authors: Videvall Elin , Bensch Hanna M , Engelbrecht Anel , Cloete Schalk , Cornwallis Charlie K
Published: June 2023

Coprophagy is a behavior where animals consume feces, and has been observed across a wide range of species, including birds and mammals. The phenomenon is particularly prevalent in juveniles, but the reasons for this remain unclear. One hypothesis is that coprophagy enables offspring to acquire beneficial gut microbes that aid development. However, despite the potential importance of this behavior, studies investigating the effects in juveniles are rare. Here we experimentally test this idea by examining how ingestion of adult feces by ostrich chicks affects their gut microbiota development, growth, feeding behavior, pathogen abundance, and mortality. We conducted extensive longitudinal experiments for 8 weeks, repeated over 2 years. It involved 240 chicks, of which 128 were provided daily access to fresh fecal material from adults and 112 were simultaneously given a control treatment. Repeated measures, behavioral observations, and DNA metabarcoding of the microbial gut community, both prior to and over the course of the experiment, allowed us to evaluate multiple aspects of the behavior. The results show that coprophagy causes (a) marked shifts to the juvenile gut microbiota, including a major increase in diversity and rapid maturation of the microbial composition, (b) higher growth rates (fecal-supplemented chicks became 9.4% heavier at 8 weeks old), (c) changes to overall feeding behavior but no differences in feed intake, (d) lower abundance of a common gut pathogen (Clostridium colinum), and (e) lower mortality associated with gut disease. Together, our results suggest that the behavior of coprophagy in juveniles is highly beneficial and may have evolved to accelerate the development of gut microbiota.
Fracture and embolization of a metal stent after a frozen elephant trunk procedure
Authors: Watanuki Hirotaka , Tochii Masato , Sugiyama Kayo , Matsuyama Katsuhiko
Published: June 2023

The Frozenix J graft open stent graft has been available since 2014 in Japan. This stent is widely used for the frozen elephant trunk technique in many institutions, mainly for cases of acute type A aortic dissection and also for cases of a true aneurysm and chronic aortic dissection. We treated a rare case in which the metal wires of the Frozenix J graft were broken and embolized to the periphery half a year after being implanted.
Optimizing building surface retro-reflectivity to reduce energy load and CO2 emissions of an enclosed teaching building
Authors: Qi Liyan , Wang Jing
Published: June 2023

Building surface reflectivity determines the amount of reflected solar radiation, which indirectly affects the cooling and heating load of a building. Therefore, optimizing building surface retro-reflectivity is an effective method to reduce energy load and CO2 emissions of buildings. To analyse the optimization potential of building surface retro-reflectivity, the effect of surface reflectivity on daily, monthly and yearly energy load, as well as CO2 emissions of an educational building were simulated based on the Energyplus software. The numerical results showed that for daily energy load in four typical seasons, there was a positive correlation between the daily energy load and building surface reflectivities in January, April and October and a negative correlation in July. For monthly energy load, the building cooling and heating loads were the highest in January and August, respectively. For annual energy load, the higher the reflectivity, the lower the cooling load and the higher the heating load. When the building surface reflectivity was 0.7, the annual energy load was the least, with a value of 148.23 kWh/m2. In addition, the CO2 emission was also the lowest, with a value of 24.79 kg/m2. According to the relation between building surface reflectivities and retro-reflectivities, the optimal retro-reflectivity was 0.47.
Development of microscopic polyangiitis following idiopathic pleuroparenchymal l fibroelastosis: A case report
Authors: Fujisaki Mayuko , Higuchi Tomoaki , Konda Naoko , Hirahara Shinya , Watanabe Kotaro , Yamada Risa , Motoyama Ryo , Yamaguchi Rei , Katsumata Yasuhiro , Kawaguchi Yasushi , Harigai Masayoshi
Published: June 2023

Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, which is characterised by pleural fibrosis and subjacent parenchymal fibroelastosis of the upper lobes. Herein, we present a case of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) following PPFE. The patient had abnormal shadows on chest radiographs 15 years before the onset of MPA, and the patient was diagnosed with PPFE. Four years after the PPFE diagnosis, the patient was diagnosed with MPA based on persistent fever, purpura, mononeuritis multiplex, myeloperoxidase–antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity, and pathological findings of peritubular capillaritis on kidney biopsy. The patient was treated with glucocorticoids, including methylprednisolone pulse therapy and rituximab, followed by maintenance therapy with rituximab. One year after treatment, the PPFE had not worsened. PPFE occasionally occurs secondary to connective tissue disease, including MPA; however, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of PPFE preceding MPA. Our case suggests that PPFE, as other interstitial lung diseases, may be associated with MPA and precede the onset of MPA. The accumulation of more cases is needed to clarify the characteristics of MPA-associated PPFE.
ATRT-05. DNA DAMAGE REPAIR INHIBITOR LP-184 INHIBITS CELL GROWTH IN ATRT
Authors: Kwon Hyuk Jean , Shah Nisha , Musa Istabraq , Raabe Eric
Published: June 2023

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a rare, aggressive pediatric brain tumor. It is characterized by inactivation of SMARCB1 gene. There is currently no standard of care for treatment. LP-184 is an analog of acylfulvene. LP-184 induces cell-cycle arrest and cell apoptosis through alkylation of DNA and RNA. Previously, LP-184 was shown to have preclinical efficacy in temozolomide-resistant human glioblastoma cell lines. Additionally, it was reported that loss of SMARB1 increases sensitivity to LP-184. Therefore, we hypothesized that LP-184 may be effective against ATRTs. We have evaluated the effect of LP-184 in multiple ATRT cell lines, including CHLA06, CHLA266, and BT37. Treatment with LP-184 showed that LP-184 inhibits cell growth from 10nM to 200nM concentrations in an ATRT cell line (CellTiter Blue assay for BT37 p<0.0001 by t-test). We have identified an IC50 of 23.92nM. LP-184 induced apoptosis 96 hours after treatment in several ATRT cell lines as demonstrated by immunofluorescence for cleaved caspase-3 (CHLA06 p=0.0003 50nM vs DMSO, CHLA266 p=0.002 50nM vs DMSO, BT37 p=0.0014 50nM vs DMSO by t-test) and Western blot for c-PARP. LP-184 decreased proliferation 96 hours after treatment in several ATRT cell lines as demonstrated by immunofluorescence for Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and Western blot for p-RB. Further evaluations of LP-184 treatment in vitro and in vivo are underway. Our in vitro data so far suggests that LP-184 is an effective potential therapeutic option for ATRT.
BIOL-02. MODELING BRAIN TUMORS IN VIVO AND WITH HUMAN ORGANOIDS
Authors: Tiberi Luca
Published: June 2023

Brain tumors are a large and heterogeneous group of neoplasms that affect the central nervous system and include some of the deadliest cancers. Almost all the conventional and new treatments fail to hinder tumoral growth of the most malignant brain tumors. This is due to multiple factors, such as intra-tumor heterogeneity, the microenvironmental properties of the human brain, and the lack of reliable models to test new therapies. Therefore, creating faithful models for each tumor and discovering tailored treatments pose great challenges in the fight against brain cancer. We have recently developed a human IPSCs-derived organoid model of pediatric medulloblastoma and pediatric high-grade glioma. These models overcome the limitations of using animal models and pave the way to gaining unprecedented new knowledge into the development of brain cancer in a human system. Nevertheless, to fill the gap in the brain cancer field it will be crucial to use patient-derived tissues. To this aim, in the next years, we will develop patient-derived organoids (PDO) of pediatric brain tumors. These organoids recapitulate several features of the primary human tumors, such as intra-tumor heterogeneity and genomic alternation. The production of PDOs will allow us to generate important new knowledge, discover of potential drug targets, and small molecules that could be exploited in early-phase clinical trials, hopefully, to develop and validate new treatments. Interestingly, the possibility of using organoids directly generated from pediatric tumors will also pave the bases for personalized therapies.
BIOL-10. MOUSE MODELING OF PEDIATRIC MYCN GLIOMA REVEALS INTRATUMORAL HETEROGENEITY INCLUDING NEURONAL AND OLIGODENDROGLIAL LINEAGE SIGNATURES
Authors: Schoof Melanie , Godbole Shweta , Albert Thomas K , Dottermusch Matthias , Walter Carolin , Ballast Annika , Qin Nan , Olivera Marlene Baca , Göbel Carolin , Neyazi Sina , Holdhof Dörthe , Kresbach Catena , Epplen Gefion Dorothea , Thaden Vanessa , Blattner-Johnson Mirjam , Modemann Franziska , Afflerbach Ann-Kristin , Eckhardt Alicia , Muenter Daniel , Struve Nina , Jones David T W , Remke Marc , Neumann Julia E , Kerl Kornelius , Schüller Ulrich
Published: June 2023

Pediatric glioma of the subclass MYCN are highly aggressive tumors with a median age at diagnosis of 8 years and a median survival of only 14 months. Molecularly, they frequently carry MYCN amplifications, TP53 mutations or both of these alterations. Due to their rarity, such tumors have only recently been identified as a distinct entity, and both biological as well as clinical details have not been fully addressed. In order to further investigate the biology and treatment options of these tumors, preclinical models are urgently needed. Therefore, we generated a genetically engineered model by breeding hGFAP-cre::Trp53Fl/Fl::lsl-MYCN mice, which carry a loss of Trp53 and show aberrant MYCN expression in neural precursors of the central nervous system. All such mice developed aggressive forebrain tumors early in lifetime that mimic their human counterparts regarding histology, DNA methylation, and gene expression. Single cell RNA sequencing revealed a high intratumoral heterogeneity with neuronal and oligodendroglial lineage signatures. To find new treatment options, we performed in vitro high-throughput drug screening on both, mouse and human tumor cells. Among 640 investigated anticancer compounds, Doxorubicin, Irinotecan, and Etoposide effectively suppressed the growth of tumor cells. As FDA-approved chemotherapeutics, these compounds are used for the treatment of other pediatric brain tumors. Repurposing them for the treatment of MYCN-driven high grade glioma could achieve a rapid transition to glioma treatment. We believe that our model will pave the way to improved treatment strategies for patients with these highly aggressive tumors.
BIOL-19. DIFFUSE MIDLINE GLIOMA CEREBRAL ORGANOID MODEL AND MULTIOMICS CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: Damodharan Sudarshawn , Favreau Peter , Lebakken Connie , Dey Mahua
Published: June 2023

Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) are highly aggressive malignancies of the central nervous system that primarily affect the pediatric population. These tumors are historically universally fatal with no curative treatment options available. There is a need to identify more targeted and optimal treatments for these patients. Current approaches to pre-clinical therapeutic testing have been limited by many obstacles to effectively translate theses to patients. It is known that the interactions between tumors and the other components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) can change the response to therapeutic interventions. This especially holds true for brain tumors and the complex neural network encompassed within their TME. Given this, it is crucial to develop more realistic DMG models that integrate this to conduct therapeutic testing rather than relying upon conventional cell culture models. The goal of our study was to develop a three-dimensional DMG cerebral organoid model derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) co-cultured with three different DMG patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cell lines to better mimic the TME for therapeutic testing. We were able to successfully integrate our three cell lines into the cerebral organoids, capturing TME interactions along with performing multiomic profiling for better characterization. We next plan to perform therapeutic testing to further validate the model and improve preclinical drug screening for DMG.