bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Converging Smartwatch and Urban Datasets for Sustainable City Planning: A Case Study in Seoul, South Korea
Authors: Mosteiro-Romero Martín , Park Yujin , Miller Clayton
Published: August 2024

The widespread availability of open datasets in cities is transforming the way urban energy systems are planned, simulated, and visualized. In this paper, a cross-scale approach is pursued to better understand the reciprocal effects between building energy performance, the urban climate, and urban dwellers’ indoor and outdoor thermal comfort. On the one hand, monthly building electricity and gas demand data at the parcel level was collected, along with hourly weather station data at the urban scale. On the other hand, a longitudinal experiment was carried out in which 22 participants wore smartwatches for 4–6 weeks and filled out hourly micro surveys on their activities, location, and thermal comfort. In addition to survey responses, the smartwatches collected participants’ physiological data and location throughout the period of the study. The project was conducted in Seoul, South Korea, the highest-ranked Asian country in open data readiness, implementation, and impact. This paper reports on the data collection effort and provides some preliminary analysis of the results. The work carried out is expected to help develop methodologies for the convergence of district-scale and occupant-scale data in urban areas. A number of expected applications are proposed, including urban-scale studies on the impact of urban form on the local climate and building energy performance, district-to-building-scale building energy simulations accounting for occupant thermal comfort-related behaviors, and district-scale analyses of occupants’ outdoor thermal comfort and its relationship with location and wayfinding in urban areas.
A Fast and Accurate Raytracing Approach for Assessing Photovoltaic Performance of Monoand Bifacial Panels in Complex Irradiance Conditions
Authors: Petersen Arnkell Jonas , Frimannslund Iver
Published: August 2024

Numerous tools exist for evaluating photovoltaic (PV) system performance, these include design parameters and complexity that can deter non-specialist users. To facilitate wider adoption of PV technology in early-phase design, we present an approach that combines advanced raytracing integrated into the widely used building modelling tool Rhino 3D. This toolset includes models for both monoand bifacial PV panels, that process raytraced results and account for realistic heat loss and thermally dependent efficiency. Validation against measurements as well as comparison with industry standard PVsyst software in two urban scenarios, confirms the toolset's acceptable accuracy. A case study of agricultural PV showcases the tools versatility and running time. The user-friendly interface and advanced radiation modelling capabilities empower both specialists and non-specialists to assess PV system performance accurately and efficiently during the early design phases.
Data-Driven Research on Energy-Efficient Retrofit and Multi-Objective Optimization of Urban Building Clusters
Authors: Luo Linxi , Wu Jiyuan , Lin Ziqi , Wei Hailu , Wang Wei
Published: August 2024

Urban energy-efficient retrofit is an important path to reduce energy consumption and carbon emission. However, balancing environmental and economic benefits and making choices among numerous retrofit packages is challenging for decision-makers. This study proposes a data-driven framework that integrates physical UBEM and machine learning model to evaluate the energy retrofit performance of urban building clusters and assists decision-makers in rapidly selecting the optimal energy-efficient retrofit packages through NSGA-II. The feasibility of the proposed framework is validated using the building clusters of Sipailou campus in Southeast University as a case study and identified 25, 19, and 13 optimal retrofit packages for office, public and education building clusters that minimizes the total energy consumption and carbon emissions while maximizing economic benefits from 343 retrofit packages of each cluster in a 30-year retrofit period.
The Manhattan Project and the Development of Nuclear Astrophysics
Authors: Wiescher Michael
Published: August 2024

This paper will provide a historical analysis of the impact of the US Manhattan Project from 1942 to 1945 and the subsequent nuclear test program 1945-1970 towards the development of the field of Nuclear Astrophysics and the interpretation of nuclear reaction processes in stars and explosive stellar environments.
New Interacting Boson Fermion-Fermion Model results
Authors: García-Tecocoatzi H. , Bijker R. , Magaña-Vsevolodovna R.I. , Santopinto E.
Published: August 2024

We present a new application of the Interacting Boson Model (IBM) and its extensions for describing double charge exchange reactions. The study of double charge exchange reactions induced by heavy ions involving candidate nuclei for neutrinoless double beta decay is a complex task carried out by the NUMEN collaboration. This investigation faces the intricacies of complex oddodd intermediate nuclei in sequential double charge exchange processes. We will offer a comprehensive description of heavy odd-odd nuclei using the Interacting Boson Fermion-Fermion Model (IBFFM). Additionally, we will outline the methodology for describing transfer operators within this framework. Finally, we will explore the potential applications of our results for describing double charge exchange reactions.
Isospin Dynamics and Dipolar degrees of freedom in Heavy Ion collisions
Authors: Papa Massimo , Maiolino Concettina , Acosta Luis , Cardella Giuseppe , De Filippo Enrico , Geraci Elena , Gnoffo Brunilde , Guazzoni Chiara , Martorana Nunzia , Pagano Angelo , Pagano Emanuele Vincenzo , Pirrone Sara , Politi Giuseppe , Quattrocchi Lucia , Risitano Fabio , Rizzo Francesca , Russotto Paolo , Trimarchi Marina , Zagami Cristina
Published: August 2024

In this contribution the connection between the Dipolar degree of freedom excited in Heavy Ion Collisions through pre-equilibrium dipolar modes and the Isospin-equilibration processes is discussed. The connection leads to the definition of a new observable the so called “dipolar signal”, able to describe the equilibration process in the momentum space related to the final fragmentation produced by the HIC. Preliminary results on this observable measured on the system 48Ca +27 Al at 40 MeV/nucleon and corresponding to different degrees of dissipation/centrality are presented. The beam was accelerated through the Superconductor Cyclotron at the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud di Catania (Italy) and fragments were detected and identified with the 4π multi-detector CHIMERA.
Asymptotic normalization coefficient for the study of the mirror nuclei 7Li and 7Be
Authors: Pérez-Velasco J. A. , Morales-Rivera J. C. , Martinez-Quiroz E.
Published: August 2024

We present a theoretical study of the nuclear structure of the mirror nuclei 7Li and 7Be by using the asymptotic normalization coefficient (ANC) method through the transfer reactions 6Li(d,p)7Li and 6Li(3He,d)7Be. For these reactions, the elastic scattering and the transfer angular distributions were calculated considering cluster structures for the residual nucleus and the transfer particle. With the use of the Fresco code, we found the optical model parameters which reproduce the experimental data for the elastic and the transfer angular distributions and we got the ANC for the single particle model and the spectroscopic factor on the ground and the first excited states of each nuclei. This methodology allows to calculate the nuclear ANC which describes the peripheral behavior of both nuclei on their bound states.
Elemental assay of the fumarolic microecology of the Los Azufres (México) volcanic complex using nuclear analytical techniques
Authors: Abuhani Waleed A. , Sharma Vijay R. , Villaseñor Luis Manuel , Dasgupta-Schubert Nabanita
Published: August 2024

The elemental composition of the mantle is a key factor for the understanding of the science of the earth’s interior. However, the direct sampling of the mantle is a diﬃcult and involved task. Fumarolic vapours carry a certain imprint of the mantle composition but are also relatively diﬃcult to sample directly given their high temperature and acidity. Many terrestrial fu- marolic vents are colonized by extremophilic mosses that absorb the vapours and become repositories of the mantle elements brought up by the vapours. The elemental composition of the niche ecology of the fumarole therefore may serve as a near “proxy” for the deep-earth elemental profile of the region. Our study concerns the elemental composition of fumarolic plants, their rhizospheric soil, hydrothermal sediment and volcanic substrate collected from three geothermal microecological sites of the Los Azufres volcanic complex of Mexico. This work presents the results for the heavy elements (HE) Cd, Hg, Pb, Th and U that have been determined using the nuclear analytical techniques of Polarized Energy Dispersive Xray Fluorescence (PEDXRF) spectrometry, Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) as well as Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The distributions of these HE in the aforesaid biogeochemical matrices are examined and rationalized with respect to possible mechanisms of their deposition. Comparisons with literature reports of the HE composition of fumarolic sulphur deposits and fumarolic vapours of the volcanoes of the Kuril Islands and geothermal aquifers of Iceland, are made. The HE composition is found to vary considerably by the geographic location of the fumarole. However, the trend of the concentrations of these 5 HE is found to be approximately the same for the fumarolic plants of Los Azufres as with the fumarolic vapours of the Kuril volcanoes the displacement being only in the magnitudes. Consequently, the concentrations of these 5 HE in the fumarolic plants are direct qualitative analogues of the vapours of those particular fumaroles of Los Azufres and thereby of the deep-earth geochemistry of that particular geothermal zone.
Cryptosporidium spp. in captive snakes from 26 provinces in China: Prevalence, molecular characterization, and symptoms
Authors: Zhang Yilei , Lu Zhenxiao , He Lingru , Xiao Guodong , Tian Lijie , Zhu Jiawei , Liu Tian , Ou Qiangxin , Chen Haibo , Hwong Yew , Kang Yangjun , Xu Qianming , Zhang Qingxun , Yang Congshan
Published: August 2024

Snakes are sometimes regarded as pets and are used in traditional Chinese medicine. Cryptosporidium spp. are frequently identified in snakes, representing an important pathogen and causing gastrointestinal diseases. Current data indicate that risk factors for infection and patterns of clinical symptom presentation may differ among Cryptosporidium spp. To better understand the infection status by Cryptosporidium spp., fecal samples were collected from 603 asymptomatic and 147 symptomatic snakes in 26 provinces of China. These samples came from Elaphe guttata, Elaphe obsoleta, Pituophis melanoleucus, Thamnophis sirtalis, Lampropeltis getulus, and Heterodon nasicus. The partial small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene was amplified using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to investigate the infection rate of Cryptosporidium spp., and to assess evolutionary relationships and genetic characterization. A prevalence of 20% was recorded in asymptomatic snakes, with age identified as a significant risk factor. In contrast, 70% of symptomatic snakes were positive for Cryptosporidium spp., with Cryptosporidium serpentis and Cryptosporidium varanii (syn. C. saurophilum). Further analysis revealed a potential association between C. serpentis and regurgitation, and C. varanii and diarrhea, while neither species was linked to flatulence. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report Cryptosporidium spp. and associated clinical signs in symptomatic snakes in China. This study aims to enhance the understanding of Cryptosporidium infections, risk factors, and clinical manifestations in snakes, providing data crucial for the control and prevention of cryptosporidiosis.
Mit Generalistik in die Pädiatrie – Teil 2
Authors: Shams Dean
Published: August 2024

Im zweiten Teil unserer Serie zur Praxisanleitung lernen Sie relevante Begriffe und Aufgaben sowie deren Inhalte aus der Praxisanleitung kennen, und wir stellen Theorie-Praxis-Einheiten durch ein praktisches Verständnis vor. Dieses Grundlagenverständnis soll einerseits als Auffrischung für Praxisanleitende dienen – bietet aber auch Kollegen, die keine Weiterbildung in der Praxisanleitung absolviert haben, eine Unterstützung.
Zukunft der Traumaversorgung in Deutschland
Authors: Lehmann Wolfgang , Spering Christopher
Published: August 2024

Die unfallchirurgische Versorgung in Deutschland steht vor großen Herausforderungen. Die zunehmenden Fallzahlen aufgrund des demografischen Wandels bei gleichzeitig reduzierter Bettenkapazität bedingen ein Umdenken in vielen Bereichen. Um die Grund- und Regelversorgung zukünftig weiter auf hohem Niveau und flächendeckend zu gewährleisten, müssen ökonomische Anreize geschaffen werden, um ausreichend Standorte der Traumaversorgung zu erhalten. Gleichzeitig gibt es einen Fachkräftemangel, der sich in den kommenden Jahren noch verschärfen wird, wenn nicht mit geeigneten Maßnahmen gegengesteuert wird. Auch strukturell wird es Änderungen brauchen, um eine sektorübergreifende Vernetzung zwischen der ambulanten und stationären Versorgung zu verbessern. Mit der zunehmenden Ambulantisierung können möglicherweise zukünftige Engpässe sowohl an Bettenkapazitäten als auch an Personalmangel abgepuffert werden.
Area Postrema Syndrome as the Onset of Neuromyelitis Optica in a Pediatric Patient: Case Report
Authors: Mancera-Alzate Juan M. , Brito-Hurtado Taina Y. , Rojas-Ceron Christian A.
Published: August 2024

Area postrema syndrome, characterized by nausea, emesis, and persistent hiccups can be the initial manifestation of demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system.

We report a 4-year-old girl who presented with intractable vomiting that was noted to have signs of demyelination in the area postrema. MRI of the spine revealed longitudinally extensive myelitis in the cervical and thoracic spine. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) was suspected. Serum anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies were positive. Oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid were negative.

NMOSDs are extremely rare in the pediatric population, this being the second case reported in Colombia. It is crucial to consider the possibility of such neurological disorders in the setting of intractable vomiting.
The Labour Left from Benn to Momentum: continuity and change in strategy and tactics
Authors: Piazzo Robin
Published: August 2024

Previous works have correctly highlighted the strategic and tactical convergences between the Bennite New Left and the Corbyn insurgency. However, such scholarship has underestimated the impact of the differences in the composition between the two intra-party movements. Critically, while the Benn project developed as an attempt to update Labour strategy in times of social upheaval, Momentum and the Corbyn movement emerged as a hybrid alliance between New Left veterans and the extra-parliamentary anti-austerity and libertarian left. This impacted the Left’s conceptualisation of socialist strategy and led to disagreements over tactics. This paper will explain how, despite these differences, the 2010s Left ended up reproducing the core tenets of New Left’s strategy and tactics. This outcome is explained as a consequence of a convergent conceptualisation of social change and the persistence of intra-party conflicts.
Decoding the disciplines: creating mutual understanding in multiprofessional education
Authors: Schmitz Daniela , Ortloff Jan-Hendrik , Rinas-Bahl Julia
Published: August 2024

Decoding the disciplines as a pedagogical approach to overcome threshold concepts in student learning. The method focuses on a process of making discipline-specific thinking and acting more accessible to students in order to enhance their learning process. Students of any discipline have difficulties with discipline-specific contents, methods or ways of thinking or acting, the so-called bottlenecks. In addition, there are bottlenecks specific to each discipline, such as topics related to scientific work. Findings from a Scholarship of Teaching and Learning approach in a multi-professional group of students in an online seminar session during the corona pandemic are presented. A decoding process on how to find a theoretical approach to one’s research question was conducted. The implementation of the decoding method took place either in face-to-face decoding expert interviews or in a writing process using predetermined guiding questions. Students’ reflections on the use of the method were analyzed using normalization process theory to identify facilitating and inhibiting aspects for the face-to-face and written implementation of the method in interprofessional learning groups. The results show that students could experience a role change or a new role when the decoding topic changes. With the interview method in particular, students can take on the role of experts or novices depending on the topic and thus actively participate. Whether a role change happens or not always depends on the dynamics and the communicative exchange of the group. Decoding takes a lot of time, especially for reflective writing.
Can the AMOEBA forcefield be used for high pressure simulations? The extreme case of methane and water
Authors: Kerr Matthew , Ackland Graeme J. , Marenduzzo Davide , Brandani Giovanni B. , Pruteanu Ciprian G.
Published: August 2024

We have performed classical molecular dynamics simulations using the fully polarizable Atomic Multipole Optimized Energetics for Biomolecular Applications (AMOEBA) forcefield implemented within the Tinker package to determine whether a more adequate treatment of electrostatics is sufficient to correctly describe the mixing of methane with water under high pressure conditions. We found a significant difference between the ability of AMOEBA and other classical, computationally cheaper forcefields, such as TIP3P, simple point charge–extended, TIP4P, and optimized potentials for liquid simulations–all atom. While the latter models fail to detect any effect of pressure on the miscibility of methane in water, AMOEBA qualitatively captures the experimental observation of the increased solubility of methane in water with pressure. At higher temperatures, the solubility of water in methane also increases; this seems to be associated with the breakdown of the fourfold hydrogen-bonded water network structure: bonding in water is weaker, so the energy cost of solution is lowered.
Radial displacement patterns of shear-thinning fluids considering the effect of deformation
Authors: Yuan Jingjing , Yang Zhibing , Hu Ran , Chen Yi-Feng
Published: August 2024

Radial injection of shear-thinning fluids into rock fractures is ubiquitous in subsurface engineering practices, including drilling, hydraulic fracturing, and rock grouting. Yet, the effect of injection-induced fracture deformation on radial displacement behavior of shear-thinning fluids remains unclear. Through radial injection experiments of shear-thinning fluids displacing an immiscible Newtonian fluid in a Hele–Shaw cell, we investigate the fracture deformation behavior during injection and the fluid–fluid displacement patterns under this impact. A mixed displacement pattern is observed where the invasion front gradually evolves from unstable (viscous fingering) to stable (compact displacement) as the injection proceeds. We demonstrate that the combined effect of shear-thinning property and radial flow geometry plays a controlling role in the evolution of the patterns. At high flow rates, the fracture dilation induced by high injection pressure tends to reduce the displacement efficiency in stages. Based on linear stability analysis, we propose a theoretical criterion for the transition of interfacial stability considering the viscosity of injected fluids and fracture deformation, which agrees well with the experimental observations. This research underscores the importance of rock deformation on two-phase flow dynamics in fractured media.
Emulsification characteristics of crude oil with a high content of heavy components and its emulsification mechanism in porous media
Authors: Jia Leilei , Zhong Liguo , Zhu Jiachang , Liu Yuhao , Liu Hao , Feng Wenqi , Liang Heng
Published: August 2024

There are occurrences of crude oil emulsification following the fracturing shut-in wells in the Jimushar, but the emulsification characteristics and mechanism remain unclear. In this study, the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance technique and visual microdisplacement tests are employed to investigate the emulsification characteristics of crude oil, along with its emulsification mechanism in porous media. Experimental results revealed that the heavy components (asphaltene and resin) enhance crude oil emulsification by increasing the viscous force of water droplets in the oil phase, affecting the size and stability of small water droplets in the oil phase. In the process of flowing through pore throats, emulsions are formed primarily by stretching and snap-off action, with stretching preferring to form smaller droplet-size emulsions, while snap-off results in the division of larger oil droplets into two smaller ones. The primary factors causing a large oil droplet to be stretched into smaller droplets include changes in the composition of the oil droplet, external tension, and the duration of these forces acting on the droplet. Capillary forces can emulsify crude oil and water at the pore scale, resulting in a reduction of the absorption rate. However, this rate can be restored when the capillary forces are strong enough for the water phase to penetrate and break through the emulsified layer. This study offers valuable insights into understanding the adaptability of the emulsification flooding mechanism.
The necessity evaluation of distal bare stent for treating type B aortic dissection using image-based computational flow analysis
Authors: Zhang Xuehuan , Guo Liwei , Yang Yuting , Wang Shuangjing , Wei Linyang , Wu Mingwei , Ventikos Yiannis , Xiong Jiang , Chen Duanduan
Published: August 2024

This study aims to verify the necessity of the provisional extension to induce complete attachment (PETTICOAT) technique, by comparing the clinical outcomes with traditional thoracic endovascular repair (TEVAR) procedure. 40 patients with a total of 120 computed tomography angiography examinations (including Pre, Post1, and Post2 for each case) were included and divided into PETTICOAT group (n = 20) and TEVAR group (n = 20) according to the employed intervention technique. The potential risk factors for distal stent-induced new entry (SINE) and morphological and hemodynamic indices related to the aortic remodeling were computed and compared between two groups. All computed potential risk factors for distal SINE showed insignificant difference between PETTICOAT and TEVAR groups. There is no statistically significant difference in the morphological parameters when assessing the aortic remodeling. Regarding hemodynamic factors, the percentage of high relative residence time of Post2 was greater in PETTICOAT group than that of TEVAR group (median, 0.22; interquartile range (IQR), [0.00–0.56] in PETTICOAT vs median, 0.01; IQR, [0.00–0.10] in TEVAR; p = 0.01). The first balance position of computed luminal pressure difference shifted more distally from Post1 to Post2 for patients underwent PETTICOAT than those underwent TEVAR (median, 1.04 cm; IQR, [0.00–6.29 cm] in PETTICOAT vs median, 0.00 cm; IQR, [−1.66 to 1.28 cm] in TEVAR; p = 0.02). PETTICOAT procedure could effectively enhance false lumen thrombosis and aortic remodeling when assessed from functional perspective. However, there is a lack of evidence to support that PETTICOAT can prevent distal SINE.
Aerodynamics of a flat girder: Effects of its aspect ratio and angle of attack
Authors: Li Huan , Zheng Xinjie , Wang Hangfeng , He Xuhui , Zeng Lingwei , Tang Hui
Published: August 2024

This study utilized wind tunnel experiments and large eddy simulations to profoundly investigate the aerodynamic characteristics and flow patterns surrounding flat girders with different aspect ratios (B/D = 2, 4, 7, and 10, where B and D are the length and height of the flat girder, respectively), which covers most of the engineering applications for typical long-span bridges. The test range of wind angle of attack (AOA) is [−12°, 12°]. The Reynolds number Re, based on the freestream velocity U∞ and D, was approximately 70,900. The results revealed that, the flow separation point of the flat girder gradually moved downstream, and an obvious separation bubble was generated at the leading wind fairing with an increase in AOA, especially for the cases of B/D = 4, 7, and 10. The aerodynamic performance for the case of B/D = 2 differed substantially from the other cases, experiencing the largest mean drag and the smallest fluctuation pressure in the range of −10° ≤ AOA ≤ 10°, which was attributed to different flow patterns. Specifically, leading-edge vortex shedding occurred in the case of B/D = 2, whereas impinging leading-edge vortex shedding (AOA = 0° and 4°) and a combination of impinging leading-edge vortex shedding with trailing-edge vortex shedding (AOA = 8°) were identified for the cases of B/D = 4 and 7, respectively, and dominated trailing-edge vortex shedding was determined for the case of B/D = 10. Additionally, the effects of AOA on aerodynamic characteristics showed relatively minor effects when |AOA| < 4° as compared to |AOA| > 4°. For the cases of B/D = 4 and 7, the thickness of the upper surface boundary layer and turbulence intensity were enhanced with an increase in AOA, resulting in a higher pressure fluctuation and multiple dominant peaks in the lift spectrum. However, this effect was significantly attenuated in the case of B/D = 10 due to the dissipation effect. This study may offer guidelines for relevant engineering applications.
Condensation mechanism and pressure fluctuation of a steam centrifugal compressor based on a non-equilibrium condensation model
Authors: Li Yunong , Shu Yue , Wang Zhengdao , Yang Hui , Zhang Wei , Zhu Zuchao , Wei Yikun , Zhao Lei
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the condensation mechanism and pressure fluctuation of a steam centrifugal compressor are deeply studied based on a non-equilibrium condensation model. The wet steam model is generated to predict the flow characteristics and the condensation of the steam centrifugal compressor. The effect of different inlet temperatures on the steam condensation characteristics is deeply explored. Numerical results show that the steam condensation phenomenon on the high span surface is increasingly obvious, and the mass fraction of liquid steam first increases and then decreases with the increase in temperature. The droplet particle diameter and the droplet number gradually increase with the increase in temperature. It is also found that the blade loading on the impeller blade also becomes more unstable with the increase in inlet temperature. The amplitude spectrum of pressure fluctuation on the both sides of impeller blade and diffuser blade is analyzed through the fast Fourier transform. The pressure fluctuation in the flow channel becomes severe first and then becomes stable with the increase in temperature, which is well consistent with the variation trend of liquid mass fraction. The quantitative relationship between condensation strength and operating temperature is established to explore the variation trend essence of surface-average wetness fraction of different span surfaces at different inlet temperatures, which further reveals the condensation sensitivity to temperature at different blade heights. It is further found that the condensation strength on the low span surface and the average wetness fraction of steam condensation in the flow field increasingly decrease with the increase in inlet temperature.
Formation and annihilation of bulk recombination-active defects induced by muon irradiation of crystalline silicon
Authors: Yadav Anup , Niewelt Tim , Pain Sophie L. , Grant Nicholas E. , Lord James S. , Yokoyama Koji , Murphy John D.
Published: August 2024

Muons are part of natural cosmic radiation but can also be generated at spallation sources for material science and particle physics applications. Recently, pulsed muons have been used to characterize the density of free charge carriers in semiconductors and their recombination lifetime. Muon beam irradiation can also result in the formation of dilute levels of crystal defects in silicon. These crystal defects are only detected in high carrier lifetime silicon samples that are highly sensitive to defects due to their long recombination lifetimes. This work investigates the characteristics of these defects in terms of their formation, recombination activity, and deactivation. Charge carrier lifetime assessments and photoluminescence imaging have great sensitivity to measure the generated defects in high-quality silicon samples exposed to ∼4 MeV (anti)muons and their recombination activity despite the extremely low concentration. The defects reduce the effective charge carrier lifetime of both p- and n-type silicon and appear to be more detrimental to n-type silicon. Defects are created by transmission of muons through the wafer, and there are indications that slowed or implanted muons may create additional defects. In a post-exposure isochronal annealing study, we observe that annealing at temperatures of up to 450 °C does not by itself fully deactivate the defects. A recovery of charge carrier lifetime was observed when the annealing was combined with Al2O3 surface passivation, probably due to passivation of bulk defects from hydrogen from the dielectric film.
Large-eddy simulation of vortex interaction in pitching-fixed tandem airfoils
Authors: Hosseini Niloofar , Tadjfar Mehran , Saeedi Mohammad , Abbà Antonella
Published: August 2024

In this study, the interaction of vortices generated from an oscillating airfoil with a hindfoil placed downstream of the oscillating forefoil at low-Reynolds-number flow was investigated numerically. The forefoil entered a deep dynamic stall induced by large-amplitude pitching oscillation. The dynamic stall process is characterized by unsteady separation and the formation of a strong clockwise vortex. A wall-resolved large-eddy simulation approach was applied to compute the flowfield. The numerical measurements were performed for an incompressible flow at a Reynolds number of Re = 30 000 based on chord length with a pitching reduced frequency of K= 0.5, and amplitude of A = 14.1° over Selig–Donovan 7003 airfoils. A single-airfoil case was validated against numerical and experimental measurements. In the present study, we investigated the flowfield and aerodynamic coefficients resulting from the deep dynamic stall of the pitching forefoil and the vortex interaction in tandem-airfoil configuration related to micro-air vehicle applications by employing large-eddy simulation approach. Large-eddy simulation was also compared to two-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulation to determine the accuracy and validity of the low-fidelity approach in prediction of deep dynamic stall and vortex interaction at low-Reynolds-number flow.
Toward large eddy simulation of shear-thinning liquid jets: A priori analysis of subgrid scale closures for multiphase flows
Authors: Abdelsayed M. , Hasslberger J. , Ertl M. , Weigand B. , Klein M.
Published: August 2024

While direct numerical simulation (DNS) of multiphase flows has been the focus of many research investigations in recent years, large eddy simulation (LES) of multiphase flows remains a challenge. There is no standardized set of governing equations for multiphase LES. Different approaches and formulations have been discussed in the literature, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, the conventional (non-weighted) filtering approach is compared with the density-weighted Favre filtering method by evaluating the subgrid scale (SGS) energy transfer for a simple test case of a shear-thinning droplet in air. The findings reveal that, unlike the Favre filtering approach, the conventional filtering method results in a notable amount of nonphysical backward scatter in the flow. Based on these results, the Favre filtering method appears preferable and is applied to the a priori analysis of shear-thinning liquid jets, where the viscosity has been modeled using the Carreau–Yasuda model. First, by explicitly filtering existing DNS data of shear-thinning jet breakup into stagnant air, the order of magnitude of different SGS terms is evaluated using the Favre filtering method. Consistent with earlier studies on Newtonian jets, the present study indicates that the diffusive term remains negligible, while the convective term plays a dominant role. Functional and structural models for the closure of the convective SGS term are assessed by means of a correlation analysis and an order of magnitude study. Existing structural models provide good results for both Newtonian and shear-thinning cases. Promising a posteriori model candidates are discussed.
The randomness and determinacy of wall pressure fluctuations in incompressible flow
Authors: Zhao XiaoJian , Chen Zheng , Dong Bin
Published: August 2024

Wall pressure fluctuations caused by turbulent boundary layers have a significant impact on aircraft structural vibration and cabin noise. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of turbulence-induced pressure fluctuations by focusing on the randomness of wall pressure fluctuations, analyzed in both the time–frequency and spatial-wavenumber domains using measured data obtained from a phase array in a wind tunnel. Three roughness elements were designed and installed upstream of the plate to manipulate the turbulent boundary layer at a specific Mach number. The results of the investigation demonstrate that the disturbance strength induced by the roughness element influences the randomness of wall pressure fluctuations, in addition to the parameters utilized for data analysis. Generally, stronger turbulence fluctuations tend to decrease the randomness of pressure fluctuations. Moreover, wall pressure fluctuations also exhibit certain statistical principles that cannot be precisely calculated using mathematical expressions, highlighting their inherent randomness. Further investigation into randomness in the spatial-wavenumber domain revealed the hydrodynamic modes of turbulence fluctuations with varying convection velocity analyzed through wavenumber maps computed using the beamforming algorithm. These modes with variable convective speed significantly contribute to the generation of randomness in wall pressure fluctuations. Both the time–frequency domain and the spatial-wavenumber domain affect the randomness characteristics of wall pressure fluctuations. However, such effects are not easily discernible through a rudimentary analysis of the space–time correlation of turbulence fluctuations.
N-doped MoS2@indium tin oxide (ITO) core–shell nanowires for high-performance ammonium ion micro-supercapacitor
Authors: Ding Yan , Lin Yuan , Zhang Yuhao , Jiang Haiqing , Su Meixia , Xie Erqing , Zhang Zhenxing
Published: August 2024

Ammonium (NH4+) ion aqueous supercapacitors have gained significant attention due to their notable cost-effectiveness, safety profile, and environmental benefits. Despite this, the optimization of the capacitive performance of electrode materials for NH4+ ion storage remains inadequate. To tackle these challenges, we present a composite electrode depend upon molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and indium tin oxide nanowires (MoS2@ITO NWs) as the primary host for (NH4+) ions. Additionally, we introduce a straightforward radio frequency nitrogen (N) plasma technique to incorporate nitrogen doping into the MoS2 film, thereby enhancing its performance. The introduction of N plasma doping into two-dimensional MoS2 results in an expansion of the interlayer distance and an improvement in electronic conductivity. This, in turn, facilitates the facile and highly reversible insertion and extraction of NH4+ ions during cycling. Consequently, the N plasma doping significantly enhances the device areal capacitance of MoS2@ITO NWs, increasing it from 78.6 to 161.8 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2, with an exceptional capacity retention (>89.2% after 10 000 cycles) and superior rate capability up to 10 mA cm−2. The integration N of atoms within the straightforward hierarchical core–shell design strategy exhibits promising prospects for bolstering the performance of metal sulfide electrodes and other high-capacity electrode materials aimed at energy storage applications.
Numerical investigation of grain size effect on velocity-skewed oscillatory sheet flow
Authors: Li Jiaxing , Yang Chen , Chen Xin
Published: August 2024

Wave-induced sheet flow leads to intense sediment transport. Fine sand and medium/coarse sand exhibit opposite directions of net sediment transport under velocity-skewed oscillatory sheet flows. A newly developed two-phase mixture model is employed to simulate the sediment transport under these conditions. The model accounts for particle stress, two-phase momentum exchange, and turbulence modulation. The effects of grain size on flow characteristics and sediment transport are primarily investigated. The model effectively reproduces the spatial and temporal distributions of two-phase velocities and sediment concentration as well as the periodic distribution of erosion depth. Comparisons between configurations with medium and fine sand demonstrate that the grain size impacts sediment transport in two main ways. First, the grain size influences the periodic variations in erosion depth and the quantity of suspended sediment. A decrease in the grain size increases the phase residual and phase lag, enhancing offshore sediment transport. Second, suspended sediments modulate the flow dynamics within the oscillatory boundary layer. Through the mobile bed effect and density stratification, the grain size affects two-phase velocities, turbulence, and net sediment transport.
Fast prediction of propeller dynamic wake based on deep learning
Authors: Li Changming , Liang Bingchen , Yuan Peng , Zhang Qin , Liu Yongkai , Liu Bin , Zhao Ming
Published: August 2024

Efficiently predicting the wake of propellers is of great importance for achieving propeller design optimization. In this work, the deep learning (DL) method called propeller wake convolutional neural networks (PWCNN) is proposed, which combines the transformer encoder and dilated convolutional block to capture the multi-scale characteristics of wakes. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are conducted using the delayed detached eddy simulation model for the wake to generate extensive high-fidelity wake data of the propeller operating under different operating conditions required for DL. PWCNN takes the wake predicted at the previous time step to update input and iteratively predicts the wake at future time steps to achieve dynamic wake prediction. The good agreement between DL prediction and CFD simulation results, with the mean relative error of the velocity components less than 2.36% for 15 future time steps, proves that PWCNN can efficiently capture the spatiotemporal evolution characteristic of dynamic wakes. Furthermore, PWCNN can predict the wake dynamic changes with reasonable accuracy under unseen operating conditions, further confirming the generality of the proposed model in forecasting the spatiotemporal evolution of propeller wake.
Novel cardiac myosin inhibitor for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Szczesna-Cordary Danuta
Published: August 2024

New RLC-1 small-molecule inhibits actomyosin interactions, reduces contractile force, and speeds up myosin cross-bridge kinetics.
Photocatalytic activity of TiO2:TiN nanocomposite films prepared by DC reactive sputtering technique for air purification
Authors: Kadhim Firas J , Hammadi Oday A , Ali Mays K
Published: August 2024

This study concerns the production of advanced materials and a novel technique for enhancing photocatalytic efficiency, focusing specifically on the purification of air contaminated with methane gas. Titanium dioxide:Titanium nitride (TiO2/TiN) nanocomposite films were prepared by dc reactive magnetron sputtering of highly-pure titanium sheet in presence of oxygen and nitrogen as reactive gases with optimized mixing ratios to produce the composite structures. The structural, morphological, and optical characteristics of the prepared nanocomposites were determined and analyzed. The primary goal of this study was to enhance the photocatalytic activity of such nanocomposites against methane gas pollution. It is observed that increasing the nitrogen content in the TiO2:TiN nanocomposite structure led to notable improvements in photocatalytic efficiency. Specifically, when these nanocomposites were subjected to a UV light, they exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity in the removal of methane gas from the surrounding air, which demonstrates a direct correlation with increased nitrogen (N) content in the composite structure. These nanocomposites are reasonably promising in removing harmful gases and pollutants present in indoor and outdoor environments. This exploration not only sheds light on the remarkable potential of TiO2:TiN nanocomposites for air purification but also highlights the importance of innovative techniques, such as dc reactive magnetron sputtering in the field of materials science and engineering as well as in environmental remediation.
Polariton-polariton interaction induced by the hopping effect between two monolayers
Authors: Gong Xuebing
Published: August 2024

Investigating the quantum many-body interaction in microcavity semiconductor systems is a significant objective in current research. Hence, in this study, Green’s function was employed to investigate the hopping effect between two monolayers denoted as L and R. The interaction between excitons in L monolayer and R monolayer, characterized by spin-like properties, leads to the generation of Josephson currents and emergence of two quasiparticle branches, known as LP+ and LP− polaritons (i.e., two low polariton states). And compared with other papers, such as reference 5, the research shows that presence of hopping interaction and many-body interaction between monolayers causes significant enhancement phenomenon of residue

Z
,

which will further reduce the effective mass. This is more conducive to Bose–Einstein condensates (BEC). Furthermore, we investigated the Parity-Time symmetry (PT symmetry) of the system. The PT broken phase transition point will appear when the condition of PT symmetry is satisfied.
Analytical formula for the cross section of hadron production from e
+
e
− collisions around the narrow charmouinum resonances
Authors: Wang 王 Ya-Nan 亚男 , Wang 王 Ya-Di 雅迪 , Wang 王 Ping 平
Published: August 2024

The paper reports an analytical formula for the production cross section of e
+
e
− annihilation to hadrons in the vicinity of a narrow resonance, particularly in the τ-charm region, while considering initial state radiation. Despite some approximations in its derivation, comparison between the analytical formula and direct integration of ISR shows good accuracy, indicating that the analytical formula meets current experimental requirements. Furthermore, this paper presents a comparison of the cross section between the analytical formula and calculations using the ConExc Monte Carlo generator. The efficiency of the analytical formula in significantly reducing computing time makes it a favorable choice for the regression procedure to extract the parameters of narrow charmonium resonances in experiments.
Predicting 28Si projectile fragmentation cross sections with Bayesian neural network method*
Authors: Dang 党 Ying-Hua 英华 , Li 李 Jun-Sheng 俊生 , Zhang 张 Dong-Hai 东海
Published: August 2024

This study utilizes the Bayesian neural network (BNN) method in machine learning to learn and predict the cross-sectional data of 28Si projectile fragmentation for different targets at different energies and to quantify the uncertainty. The detailed modeling process of the BNN is presented, and its prediction results are compared with those of the Cummings, Nilsen, EPAX2, EPAX3, and FRACS models and experimental measurement values. The results reveal that, compared with other models, the BNN method achieves the smallest root-mean-square error (RMSE) and the highest agreement with the experimental values. Only the BNN method and FRACS model show a significant odd-even staggering effect; however, the results of the BNN method are closer to the experimental values. Furthermore, the BNN method is the only model capable of reproducing data features with low cross-section values at Z = 9, and the average ratio of the predicted to experimental values of the BNN is close to 1.0. These results indicate that the BNN method can accurately reproduce and predict the fragment production cross sections of 28Si projectile fragmentation and demonstrate its ability to capture key data characteristics.
Operational differences lead to longer lifetimes of satellite detectable contrails from more fuel efficient aircraft
Authors: Gryspeerdt Edward , Stettler Marc E J , Teoh Roger , Burkhardt Ulrike , Delovski Toni , Driver Oliver G A , Painemal David
Published: August 2024

Clouds produced by aircraft (known as contrails) contribute over half of the positive radiative forcing from aviation, but the size of this warming effect is highly uncertain. Their radiative effect is highly dependent on the microphysical properties and meteorological background state, varying strongly over the contrail lifecycle. In-situ observations have demonstrated an impact of aircraft and fuel type on contrail properties close to the aircraft, but there are few observational constraints at these longer timescales, despite these having a strong impact in high-resolution and global models. This work provides an observational quantification of these contrail controlling factors, matching air traffic data to satellite observations of contrails to isolate the role of the aircraft type in contrail properties and evolution. Investigating over 64 000 cases, a relationship between aircraft type and contrail formation is observed, with more efficient aircraft forming longer-lived satellite-detectable contrails more frequently, which could lead to a larger climate impact. This increase in contrail formation and lifetime is primarily driven by an increase in flight altitude. Business jets are also found to produce longer-lived satellite-detectable contrails despite their lower fuel flow, as they fly at higher altitudes. The increase in satellite-detected contrails behind more efficient aircraft suggests a trade-off between aircraft greenhouse gas emissions and the aviation climate impact through contrail production, due to differences in aircraft operation.