bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic service provisioning in space-division multiplexing elastic optical networks
Authors: Zhang Shengyu , Yeung Kwan L.
Published: July 2020

In space-division multiplexing elastic optical networks (SDM-EONs) based on multicore fibers, the problem of finding a lightpath for a new connection request involves routing, modulation, spectrum, and core assignment (RMSCA). A lightpath can be constructed using contiguous free frequency slot (FS) blocks with different frequency slot allocation patterns (FSAPs), where each FSAP can incur different amounts of wasted FSs. Aiming at using the FSAP with the least amount of wasted FSs and exploiting path diversity, a set of new algorithms are proposed to solve the RMSCA problem. Before any connection requests arrive, all candidate paths between each pair of nodes and all FSAPs for each possible bandwidth requirement are identified and sorted. When a connection request arrives, two approaches can be used to establish a lightpath: the path-first or spectrum-first approach. We show that by packing lightpaths toward FSs with the smallest FS indexes, the spectrum-first approach leaves bigger contiguous FS blocks for future requests. As a result, the request blocking probability is minimized.
Ablating nanoscale pores in crystalline quartz using laser-induced micro-plasmas in tri-layer structures
Authors: Rodriguez Jon , Shin Hyun-Cheol , Stava Eric , Gwozdz Paul V. , Yu Minrui , Sánchez Pérez José R. , Lagally Max G. , Blick Robert H.
Published: July 2020

We demonstrate a novel approach for achieving rapid, consistent, and controllable micro-pore fabrication in single-crystalline quartz. These micro-pores are essential for applications in biology, i.e., studying ion channels in general and mechano-sensitive channels (MSC) in particular. The fabrication process consists of direct material ablation using pulsed UV light from a 193 nm excimer laser. These pulses ablate single-crystalline quartz chips by burning a laser-induced plasma in a tri-layer structure. Controllable plasma confinement and thus pore size is achieved by sandwiching a thin layer of a selected organic solution between the quartz chip and different substrates. This solution causes the confined micro-plasma to generate special ablation conditions, to create uniformly sized and shaped nanopores.
Malacca leaf ethanolic extract (Phyllanthus emblica) as a hepatoprotector of the liver of mice (Mus musculus) infected with Plasmodium berghei
Authors: Asmilia Nuzul , Aliza Dwinna , Fahrimal Yudha , Abrar Mahdi , Ashary Sulaiman
Published: July 2020

Background and Aim: Although existing research confirms the antiparasitic effect of the Malacca plant against Plasmodium, its effect on the liver, one of the target organs of Plasmodium has not been investigated. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the potential of the ethanolic extract of Malacca (Phyllanthus emblica) leaves in preventing liver damage in mice (Mus musculus) caused by Plasmodium berghei infection.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using the livers of 18 mice fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin. A completely randomized design with a unidirectional pattern comprising six treatments was used in this study, with each treatment consisting of three replications. Treatment 0 was the negative control group infected with P. berghei, treatment 1 was the positive control group infected with P. berghei followed by chloroquine administration at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW, and treatments 2, 3, 4, and 5 were groups infected with P. berghei and administered Malacca leaf ethanolic extracts at doses of 100, 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg BW, respectively. The extracts were administered orally using a gastric tube for 4 consecutive days. Mice were sacrificed on the 7th day and livers were collected for histopathological examination.

Results: Histopathological examination of the livers of mice infected with P. berghei demonstrated the presence of hemosiderin, hydropic degeneration, fat degeneration, necrosis, and megalocytosis. However, all these histopathological changes were reduced in the livers of P. berghei-infected mice treated with various doses of Malacca leaf ethanolic extract. The differences between the treatments were found be statistically significant (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Malacca leaves has the potential to protect against liver damage in mice infected with P. berghei. The dose of 600 mg/kg BW was found to be the most effective compared with the doses of 100, 300, and 1200 mg/kg BW.
Adsorption Ability of Cephalexin onto the Straw-Based Activated Carbon: Performance and Mechanism
Authors: Tan Lam Van , Nguyen Thi Hong-Tham , Dao Thi To-Uyen , Thuy Hong Nguyen Thi
Published: July 2020

A straw-activated carbon has been successfully synthesized with the high BET surface area, at 494.9240
m2/g, which is perfectly suitable for the adsorption of cephalexin antibiotic from aqueous water. It is
noted that the adsorption capacity of straw-activated carbon is demonstrated by the effect of initial
concentration, contact time, pH solution and dosage. The straw-activated carbon exhibited improved
decontaminant efficiency towards cephalexin antibiotics. Quick and improved sorption could be
attributable to the distinctive structural and compositional merits as well as the synergetic contribution
of functional groups to surface material. Most interestingly, the adsorption capacity achieved at pH 6
was ~98.52%. A mechanism adsorption has been proposed to demonstrate adsorption of the
straw-activated carbon (AC-S). By comparison with other studies, it is confirmed that AC-S in this
study obtained a higher removal efficiency than other adsorbent materials, suggesting that
straw-activated carbon may be an appropriate candidate to treat cephalexin from wastewater media
A Review on 2,6-Diformyl-4-methylphenol Derived Schiff Bases as Fluorescent Sensors
Authors: sarkar Mrinal
Published: July 2020

2,6-Diformyl-4-methylphenol fluorophore derived Schiff base sensors detect metal ions such as Zn2+, Al3+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Sn2+ and Cu2+ with
high sensitivity and selectivity through changes in fluorescence intensity based on CHEF, ICT, FRET, ESIPT, C=N isomerization and
PET mechanism. Several anions viz. HPO4
2–, H2PO4
–, PO4
3–, AsO3
3–, H2AsO4
–, AsO2
–, PPi (pyrophosphate), I–, F– and N3
– were also
detected through intermolecular hydrogen bonding (between sensor and anion) based on TICT, PET, CHEF, ESIPT and aggregation
induced emission mechanism. Selectivity and sensitivity for these metal ions and anions were achieved by introducing various amines to
core fluorophore 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol. Majority of these fluorescent sensors were Zn2+ ion selective. Due to the filled d10 electronic
configuration of Zn2+ ion usually does not show deactivation of excited state via any electron or energy transfer mechanisms. Both solvent
dependent and independent ten multi-ion selective sensors are found. This review will consolidate on 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol
derived Schiff base fluorescent chemosensors.
Synthesis, Spectral and Thermal Properties of Hydrazinium, Aminoguanidinium and Pyridinium Uranyl Pyridine-2,6-Dicarboxylates
Authors: Ahamed Hussain T.M. , Sivasankar B.N.
Published: July 2020

Anionic complexes, pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylato uranylate containing protonated weak bases such as
hydrazine, guanyl hydrazine and pyridine as charge neutralizing entities have been isolated from aqueous
solution containing respective bases, dipicolinic acid and uranyl nitrate hexahydrate. The molecular
compositions and structural geometries have been assigned by analyzing their elemental analyses,
spectral data and thermal patterns and the molecular formulae, A2[UO2(PDC)2] where A= N2H5
+/ AGH+
(aminoguanidinium) or PYH+ (pyridinium) cation and PDC = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate dianion has
been proposed for the newly synthesized coordination compounds. Oxidative degradation in air yielded
U3O8 as the residue, which has been proposed on the basis of thermogravimetric weight loss and
powder XRD pattern. Based on the spectral results and careful analyses, a hexagonal bipyramidal
geometry has been assigned for all the three uranyl(II) complexes.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Fused Resveratrol Derivatives as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Naresh Vema Venkata , Kumari Y. Bharathi , Sridhar Mussulla , Raju Addada Ramakrishnam , Rao A. Srinivasa
Published: July 2020

A novel target compounds (9a-j) were design and synthesized and characterized by 1H & 13C NMR, ESI-MS spectral analysis. Further, these were tested for their anticancer activity against three human cancer cell lines such as MCF-7, MDA MB-231 (breast), A549 (Lung) and adriamycin was used as positive control. Among ten compounds, two compounds like 9b and 9j were showed a significant anticancer activity compared to control drug.
Utilization of Mixed Naphthol Green B and Janus Green B Dyes as Photosensitier in Photogalvanic Cell for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Singh Bijendra , Lal Chhagan , Kumar Nakul
Published: July 2020

In this work, a new dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) was prepared using naphthol green B and Janus green B as photosensitizers and EDTA as reductant. A 210 μA of photocurrent and 1018 mV of photo-potential were generated using these dyes. The fill factor of 0.40, a conversion efficiency was observed to be 1.0028% and the power or maximum output of cell was calculated to be 213.78 μW. Because of the storage capacity in a cell, a DSSC can be used for a total of 180 min in dark. The properties of mixed photosensitize system EDTA-NGB-JGB were characterized and evaluated by UV-visible, fluorosencemeter, FESEM and XRD analysis. The photocurrent generation mechanism in photogalvanic cell was also discussed
α-Glucosidase Inhibition Kinetics and Molecular Docking Studies with
the Bioactive Constituents from Canna indica L. Rhizome Extract
Authors: Swain Ayusman , Puttaswamy Hariprasad
Published: July 2020

The present study investigated the phytochemical constituents from Canna indica rhizome acetone extract,
which was earlier reported to possess α-glucosidase inhibiting potential. Different fractions were collected
from column chromatography of the acetone extract and the in vitro enzyme inhibition and the kinetic
study was performed with the active fraction. The active fraction exhibited competitive inhibition of
α-glucosidase. HRLC-MS/MS technique was used to identify the lead compounds from the active
fraction. The major compounds were psoromic acid, usnic acid and rosmarinic acid. Molecular docking
study of the compounds with the crystal structure of α-glucosidase was performed using ParDOCK.
Psoromic acid and usnic acid exhibited strong binding affinity with the active site nucleophiles Asp349
and Asp212, respectively. Usnic acid also stabilized the catalytic residue Glu274. Rosmarinic acid
formed multiple hydrogen bonds with the catalytic residue Glu274 and also bonded to non-catalytic
residues Gln276, Arg312 and Glu408. The study illustrated informative data on the phytochemical
constituents from Canna indica rhizome as α-glucosidase inhibitor and as potential candidates for the
development of antidiabetic drugs.
Hydroformylation of Higher Olefins in Aqueous Biphasic Medium
Using Rhodium-Sulfoxantphos Catalyst: Activity and Selectivity Study
Authors: Pagar Nitin S. , Deshpande Raj M.
Published: July 2020

Hydroformylation of higher olefins such as 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene and 1-dodecene has been studied
in an aqueous biphasic medium using water-soluble Rh-sulfoxantphos complex catalyst. The effect of
temperature, presence of various co-solvents and concentration of co-solvent on the reaction rate and
chemo and regioselectivity was investigated. N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) was found to be the best
co-solvent, which enhances the rate dramatically (4-96 fold) as compared to the reactions in
aqueous-organic biphasic medium for hydroformylation of higher olefins. Catalyst recycle study was
performed to check the leaching of metal in organic phase.
Efficient Synthesis of Novel Thiazole Substituted Pyrrolidine
Derivatives and their Antimicrobial Evaluation
Authors: Bodake Mahendra B. , Jadhav Ghanshyam R. , Medhane Vijay J. , Bholay Avinash D.
Published: July 2020

A series of new molecules containing pyrrolidine and thiazole moiety (4a-l) were designed and
synthesized. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and
mass spectral data. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against
strains of bacteria as well as antifungal activity against fungal strains. Minimum inhibitory
concentrations (MICs) of all the synthesized compounds were determined. The screening of title
compounds revealed that most of the tested compounds showed moderate to good microbial inhibitions
Estimation of Hydroxyl Free Radicals Produced by
Atmospheric Air Cold Plasma with Salicylic Acid Trapping
Authors: Hoang Nguyen Van , Tuan Nguyen Cao
Published: July 2020

Salicylic acid is used as a scavenger to quantify free hydroxyl radicals (•OH) produced from a cold
plasma process. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed that salicylic acid was decomposed
to 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHB) and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHB). The concentrations
of 2,3-DHB and 2,5-DHB were the highest when the concentration of salicylic acid was > 8,000 mg/L.
Quantifying 2,3-DHB and 2,5-DHB concentrations revealed the association between the •OH
concentration and the reaction time by using the following first-order equation: [•OH] = 0.01713t +
0.0311. Additionally, the rate of •OH formation in relation to different cold plasma conditions was
also determined.
Telephone-Based, Clinician-Guided Self-Help Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Parkinson's Disease (dPD): The Responder Cases of "Alice" and "Carl," and the Nonresponder Cases of "Ethan" and "Gary"
Authors: Durland Logan
Published: July 2020

Roseanne Dobkin and her colleagues (e.g., Dobkin, Interian, Durland, Gara, & Menza, 2018) have developed a 10-session, individual cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) program for treating depression in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (dPD). The program has been found to yield statistically and clinically significant success in both uncontrolled group trial designs and randomized clinical trials—originally in a face-to-face version, and then in a telehealth version, using telephone therapy sessions and guided self-help materials for patients.  This latter version is herein called "Teleheath Guided Self-Help for dPD," or "TH-GSH-dPD," for short. Applying Fishman, Messer, Edwards, and Dattilio’s (2017) "case studies within psychotherapy trials" methodological model, the present research was designed to complement the group research findings by my conducting systematic, pragmatic case studies (Fishman, 2013) with four patients representative of those in the telehealth studies, given the names of "Alice" (and her caregiver husband "Bob"); "Carl" (and his caregiver wife "Doris"); "Ethan" (and his caregiver wife, "Fay"); and "Gary" (and his caregiver mother, not named). Specifically, Alice and Carl were representative of those patients in the group studies with positive, responsive outcomes; and Ethan and Gary were representative of those patients in the group studies with negative, nonresponsive outcomes. Each case combines (a) quantitative data, comprised of demographic information, psychiatric diagnostic data, neurocognitive data, caregiver distress, and treatment outcome measures; and (b) qualitative data, consisting of recordings of the telephone therapy sessions, my treatment notes, my observations as the therapist, and systematic, post-treatment "Exit Interviews" I conducted with each of the patients and their caregivers about their therapy experience.  Each of the four case studies aims (a) to provide a detailed, thickly described portrait of the TH-GSH-dPD treatment process; and (b) to explore the presence and influence of barriers and facilitators of treatment in an idiographic context. Regarding point (b), the following variables that cut across the case studies are explored as appearing to be particularly impactful: patients’ worldviews, patients’ cognitive functioning, caregiver involvement, and homework adherence.
Individualizing Evidence-Based Treatment of Neuropsychiatrically Complex Patients: Process-Based Targets for Change in Parkinson’s Depression
Authors: Mann Sarah L , Miller Rachael , St. Hill Lauren , Dobkin Roseanne D.
Published: July 2020

Providing evidence-based treatment always requires responding in the moment to apparent gaps between the protocol and the patient’s presenting needs and preferences. In the treatment of depression in Parkinson’s disease (PD), research has shown that providing PD-specialized, empirically supported interventions is paramount. However, given PD’s highly heterogeneous symptom presentations, adapting and individualizing treatment to address each patient’s unique constellation of neuropsychiatric symptoms and PD-related physical challenges is equally important. This Commentary on the article by Dr. Logan Durland (2020) focuses on the importance of attending to process-based factors to inform protocol adaptations in the treatment of Parkinson’s depression, guided by the framework of functional analytic psychotherapy (FAP). The FAP approach applies behavioral principles to in-session processes as a means of highlighting and therapeutically targeting clinically relevant behaviors in real time. Seeking such opportunities to foster within-session change may be especially important when providing evidence-based treatment to individuals with co-occurring mental health issues and chronic, functionally limiting medical problems like PD. As these patients manage the interactions between the complex demands of illness self-management and the burden of mental health symptoms, they must respond adaptively to unpredictable daily challenges. Harnessing moments of clinically relevant struggle during sessions in order to support and reinforce new responses—including new ways of approaching the learning process itself—can help patients consolidate both the coping skills themselves and flexibility and confidence to apply them.
Lessons Learned: Conducting Cases of Manualized, Telephone-Based, Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Depression in Parkinson’s Disease (dPD)
Authors: Durland Logan
Published: July 2020

My current clinical practice has been shifted to a telehealth format for the last three months due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and it seems an apt moment to reexamine my participation in Dr. Roseanne Dobkin’s research on manualized telehealth therapy for depression in Parkinson’s disease patients (dPD), using a protocol titled "Teleheath Guided Self-Help for dPD," or "TH-GSH-dPD," for short (Dobkin et al., 2020). My participation involved, in part, being the therapist in  four case studies I have written about with "Alice," "Carl," "Ethan," and "Gary" (Durland, 2020). In these case studies, a subset of those in Dr. Dobkin’s group studies, I explored my clinical decision-making, seeking insight into how best to flexibly apply the dPD protocol to meet the needs of a heterogeneous clinical population. Here, my aim is to recontextualize and expand on the conclusions of my four case studies, based on my dissertation and conducted over three years ago (Durland, 2017), in light of both my recent experience providing mental health services and the Commentaries on the four case studies so perceptively contributed by Dr. Dobkin and her colleagues (Mann, Miller, St. Hill, & Dobkin, 2020) and by Liza Pincus (2020). In particular, I will focus first on (a) continuing the analysis of clinical decision-making involved in the case studies described in my earlier article (Duland, 2020); and then on (b) general issues related to the delivery of telehealth treatment.
Konsumenci anarchii. Krytyka w warunkach niepewności.
Authors: Agata Skórzyńska Agata Skórzyńska
Published: July 2020

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Profesor Krystyna Zamiara (1940–2012) – metodolog, filozof nauki, kulturoznawca
Authors: Grad Jan
Published: July 2020

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„Siła słabych więzi”, czyli (jeszcze raz) o maskującym języku socjologii
Authors: Drozdowski Rafał
Published: July 2020

The article concerns on the Mark Granovetter’s concept of the strength of weak ties. The main question is about how it is used in theoretical and ideological disputes of latemodern society today. For some, a society based on weak ties is equivalent of increasing autonomy and individuality, but this is also the relaxation of the most repressive forms of social control. For others, weak social relationships are the evidence of a deep crisis of contemporary societies. The problem is that both, the first and the others speakers are using the term “strength of weak ties” mask the true picture of social reality. The first are blind on the process of society disintegration. Others – ignore the growing importance of social networks and do not appreciate the causal force of “minimal engagement”. The new technologies are able to aggregate these “minimal engagements” into a new powerful instrument of political, social and cultural impact.
Towarzyskość w butelce – wino w relacjach społecznych
Authors: Wyborski Paweł
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this article based on in-depth interviews with Polish wine consumers/amateurs is to consider whether wine consumption may be perceived as an agent of social relations. I argue that collective wine drinking occasions may be sociologically understood as exemplifications both of Simmelian idea of sociability and Maffesoli’s modern tribalism. Consequently the main problem of the text is also to stress the role of social context in experiencing consumption pleasures as well as the significance of sharing common standards of taste in constructing and maintaining social relations.
On the Constraint Factor Relating Uniaxial and Indentation Yield Strength of Polycrystalline Materials Using Spherical Microindentation
Authors: Bhat Anirudh , Neu R. W.
Published: July 2020

High-throughput (HT) material property characterization has become increasingly important for the rapid and cost-effective development of new material systems. In recent years, spherical indentation using the Pathak-Kalidindi (P-K) protocol has been shown to be a reliable and HT method for capturing the elastic-plastic properties of several different types of materials. However, because of the higher hydrostatic pressure under the indenter tip and the constraint of the surrounding elastically deforming material, the indentation yield strength is higher than the uniaxial yield strength and they can be related by a scaling factor, referred to as the constraint factor. For fully plastic indentation, the constraint factor was found by Tabor to be ~2.8. However, the constraint factor is not well defined for elastic-plastic indentation and depends on the strain induced. In this work, the application of the P-K indentation protocol is demonstrated on a set of aluminum 7050 samples that have undergone different solution and aging treatments. Conventional uniaxial tensile and compression tests were also conducted on the same material. The constraint factor at the 0.2 % offset yield point was determined from the indentation and uniaxial measurements to be ~1.4. Experimental observations from our work and a similar work on aluminum 6061 showed a dependence of the constraint factor at the 0.2 % offset yield point on the uniaxial plastic properties. To explain these experimental observations, further investigation was carried out using finite element simulations of spherical indentation on materials with different yield strengths and hardening parameters. New insights are provided on the constraint factor at the 0.2 % yield point, which show that it increases with the ratio of the plastic to elastic strain. It was also found that the effect of the hardening is much less than that of the yield strength on the constraint factor at the 0.2 % yield point.
Team–based Learning of Sustainability: Incorporation of Sustainability Concept and Assessment into Chemical Engineering Senior Design Course
Authors: Amini-Rankouhi Aida , Huang Yinlun
Published: July 2020

Design for Sustainability (DfS) becomes as an increasing important component in engineering education. One of the most effective educational strategies for sustainability integration is through undergraduate senior capstone courses. Chemical engineering as a main engineering discipline aims to prepare next-generation engineers with adequate knowledge and skills for pursing sustainable engineering in the near future. In this paper, we introduce our approach for introducing sustainability concepts and sustainability assessment methods into our undergraduate capstone design course. In the course, we guided students to conduct a sophisticated team project: Process Design, Modification, and Sustainability Assessment for Distributed Biodiesel Manufacturing. Students in teams developed and evaluated all design options from the sustainability point of view using different sustainability metrics systems and discussed for identification of most desirable solutions. Educational experience with the team-based approach was summarized through classroom evaluation.
T-Type Calcium Channels Contribute to Burst Firing in a Subpopulation of Medial Habenula Neurons
Authors: Vickstrom Casey R. , Liu Xiaojie , Zhang Yuqi , Mu Lianwei , Kelly Thomas J. , Yan Xudong , Hu Meng-ming , Snarrenberg Shana T. , Liu Qing-song
Published: July 2020

Action potential (AP) burst firing caused by the activation of low-voltage-activated T-type Ca2+channels is a unique mode of neuronal firing. T-type channels have been implicated in diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes, including epilepsy, autism, and mood regulation, but the brain structures involved remain incompletely understood. The medial habenula (MHb) is an epithalamic structure implicated in anxiety-like and withdrawal behavior. Previous studies have shown that MHb neurons fire tonic APs at a frequency of ∼2–10 Hz or display depolarized low-amplitude membrane oscillations. Here, we report in C57BL/6J mice that a subpopulation of MHb neurons are capable of firing transient, high-frequency AP bursts mediated by T-type channels. Burst firing was observed following rebounding from hyperpolarizing current injections or during depolarization from hyperpolarized membrane potentials in ∼20% of MHb neurons. It was rarely observed at baseline but could be evoked in MHb neurons displaying different initial activity states. Further, we show that T-type channel mRNA, in particular Cav3.1, is expressed in the MHb in both cholinergic and substance P-ergic neurons. Pharmacological Cav3 antagonism blocked both burst firing and evoked Ca2+currents in MHb neurons. Additionally, we observed high-frequency AP doublet firing at sustained depolarized membrane potentials that was independent of T-type channels. Thus, there is a greater diversity of AP firing patterns in MHb neurons than previously identified, including T-type channel-mediated burst firing, which may uniquely contribute to behaviors with relevance to neuropsychiatric disease.
Electric Field ApplicationIn VivoRegulates Neural Precursor Cell Behavior in the Adult Mammalian Forebrain
Authors: Sefton Elana , Iwasa Stephanie N. , Morrison Taylor , Naguib Hani E. , Popovic Milos R. , Morshead Cindi M.
Published: July 2020

Deep brain stimulation (DBS), which uses electrical stimulation, is a well-established neurosurgical technique used to treat neurologic disorders. Despite its broad therapeutic use, the effects of electrical stimulation on brain cells is not fully understood. Here, we examine the effects of electrical stimulation on neural stem and progenitor cells (collectively neural precursor cells; NPCs) from the subventricular zone in the adult forebrain of C57BL/6J mice. Previous work has demonstrated that adult-derived NPCs are electro sensitive and undergo rapid and directed migration in response to application of clinically relevant electric fields (EFs). We examine NPC proliferation kinetics and their differentiation profile following EF application usingin vitroandin vivoassays.In vitrodirect current electrical stimulation of 250 mV/mm is sufficient to elicit a 2-fold increase in the neural stem cell pool and increases neurogenesis and oligogenesis.In vivo,asymmetric biphasic electrical stimulation similarly increases the size of the NPC pool and alters neurogenesis. These findings provide insight into the effects of electrical stimulation on NPCs and suggest its potential use as a regenerative approach to neural repair.
Problem Based Learning Model for Junior High School in Indonesia (2010-2019)
Authors: Faqiroh Binti Zakkiyatul
Published: July 2020

Problem-based learning model is a learning model emphasizes on solving the problem as a mean to know the students’ thinking skills and bring learning process more meaningful. But there are some problems in the learning that many teachers still relied their learning practices conventionally in which make students often bored and uncomfortable within the classroom. The purpose of this research is revealing the development of learning practices using problem-based learning model of junior high school students in Indonesia in 2010-2019. This research used qualitative approach and the result shown that problem-based learning model has been used widely and has attracted many first high school students to improve their competencies. Therefore, teachers need to create such innovations based on problem-based learning.

Abstrak

Problem-based learning atau pembelajaran berbasis masalah adalah model pembelajaran yang lebih mengedepankan pemecahan masalah untuk dapat mengetahui perkembangan kemampuan berpikir peserta didik dan menjadikan pembelajaran lebih bermakna. Perlu diketahui bahwasnya ada beberapa permasalahan yang terjadi di dalam pembelajaran yaitu masih banyaknya guru yang menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional yang membuat siswa sering merasa bosan dan tidak nyaman dalam mengikuti pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perkembangan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran problem-based learning oleh para siswa pada jenjang sekolah menengah pertama di Indonesia pada tahun 2010-2019. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Hasil yang akan diperoleh adalah model pembelajaran problem-based learning memang banyak digunakan dan lebih diminati oleh siswa sekolah menengah pertama pada tahun 2010-2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penggunaannya memang banyak pada periode tahun-tahun tersebut dan dikehendaki oleh siswa untuk meningkatkan kompetensi mereka. Oleh karena itu para guru perlu mengembangkan inovasi-inovasi baru problem-based learning ini.
Clinical heterogeneity of hypophysitis secondary to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: insights from four cases
Authors: Lupi Isabella , Brancatella Alessandro , Cosottini Mirco , Viola Nicola , Lanzolla Giulia , Sgrò Daniele , Dalmazi Giulia Di , Latrofa Francesco , Caturegli Patrizio , Marcocci Claudio
Published: July 2020

Programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4/B7 (CTLA-4/B7) pathways are key regulators in T-cell activation and tolerance. Nivolumab, pembrolizumab (PD-1 inhibitors), atezolizumab (PD-L1 inhibitor) and ipilimumab (CTLA-4 inhibitor) are monoclonal antibodies approved for treatment of several advanced cancers. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-related hypophysitis is described more frequently in patients treated with anti-CTLA-4; however, recent studies reported an increasing prevalence of anti-PD-1/PD-L1-induced hypophysitis which also exhibits slightly different clinical features. We report our experience on hypophysitis induced by anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 treatment. We present four cases, diagnosed in the past 12 months, of hypophysitis occurring in two patients receiving anti-PD-1, in one patient receiving anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 combined therapy and in one patient receiving anti-PD-L1. In this case series, timing, clinical presentation and association with other immune-related adverse events appeared to be extremely variable; central hypoadrenalism and hyponatremia were constantly detected although sellar magnetic resonance imaging did not reveal specific signs of pituitary inflammation. These differences highlight the complexity of ICI-related hypophysitis and the existence of different mechanisms of action leading to heterogeneity of clinical presentation in patients receiving immunotherapy.

Learning points:

PD-1/PD-L1 blockade can induce hypophysitis with a different clinical presentation when compared to CTLA-4 blockade.

Diagnosis of PD-1/PD-L1 induced hypophysitis is mainly made on clinical grounds and sellar MRI does not show radiological abnormalities.

Hyponatremia due to acute secondary adrenal insufficiency is often the principal sign of PD-1/PD-L1-induced hypophysitis and can be masked by other symptoms due to oncologic disease.

PD-1/PD-L1-induced hypophysitis can present as an isolated manifestation of irAEs or be in association with other autoimmune diseases
The Effect of Different Types of Mechanical Circulatory Support on Mortality of Patients after Adult Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Guan Zhiyuan , Guan Xiaoqing , Gu Kaiyun , Li Yanqi , Lin Jin , Zhou Wenjun , Xu Ming , Song Chunli , Zhang Zhe , Wan Feng
Published: July 2020

Objectives: Sample size may limit the ability of individual studies to detect differences in clinical outcomes between extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) alone and ECMO plus intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) after adult cardiac surgery. Therefore, we undertook a meta-analysis of the best evidence available on the comparison of clinical outcomes of ECMO alone and ECMO plus IABP after adult cardiac surgery.
Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Center Registry of Controlled Trials were searched for studies comparing the use of ECMO alone and ECMO plus IABP after adult cardiac surgery. A meta-analysis and a sensitivity analysis were conducted.
Results: Among the 472 screened articles, 24 studies (1302 cases of ECMO plus IABP and 1603 cases of ECMO) were included. A significant relationship between patient risk profile and benefits from IABP plus ECMO was found in terms of the 30-day mortality (odds ratio [OR] 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62 to 0.91; P = .004) with postcardiotomy shock (PCS). However, ECMO alone was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.06 to 3.01; Z = 2.19; P = .03) compared with ECMO plus IABP without PCS.
Conclusions: Pooled data show that patients receiving IABP plus ECMO with PCS have lower 30-day mortality than those receiving ECMO also, which in turn show higher 30-day mortality in patients with IABP plus ECMO without PCS. Further randomized studies are warranted to corroborate these observational data.
Imortalidade e natureza da alma humana: comentários a respeito da possibilidade de fundamentação metafísica e epistemológica na Ordinatio de Duns Scotus
Authors: Lorenzetti Darlan Paulo
Published: July 2020

O presente estudo propõe-se a analisar de forma breve e sintética os principais elementos de caráter metafísico e epistemológico a respeito da questão da possibilidade de conhecimento racional acerca da imortalidade da alma por parte de Duns Scotus na sua Ordinatio. Para tanto, o trabalho estrutura-se em três partes, respeitando e adotando um roteiro metodológico semelhante ao construído por Scotus na análise da questão. Em um primeiro momento, recupera um conjunto de argumentos construídos pelo autor, em diálogo sobretudo com Aristóteles, que advogam em favor da possibilidade a respeito da qual se indaga. Expõe inicialmente argumentos a priori e em seguida argumentos a posteriori. Os primeiros basicamente delineiam-se à luz do conceito de felicidade eterna, felicidade essa a qual o homem permanentemente aspira e deseja. Os segundos versam mais intensamente em torno da necessidade de justiça à retribuição após a morte, aos atos virtuosos e viciosos cometidos pelos homens. Na segunda e na terceira parte, nossa abordagem detém-se em apresentar o processo de refutação empreendido por Scotus a esses dois segmentos argumentativos. Demonstra-se assim como o autor rejeita a possibilidade de o homem conhecer por meio da razão natural a imortalidade de sua alma, estabelecendo-se assim um primado da fé, uma vez que somente por meio dessa lhe é permitido ter conhecimento desta realidade eterna.
MICHAELIAN, Kourken. Mental Time Travel: Episodic Memory and Our Knowledge of the Personal Past. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2016.
Authors: Richter Bruna Natália
Published: July 2020

Resenha: MICHAELIAN, Kourken. Mental Time Travel: Episodic Memory and Our Knowledge of the Personal Past. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2016
Aplicação Pedagógica dos Preceitos Legais: possibilidades para e na gestão escolar humanizadora
Authors: Mira Ane Patrícia de
Published: July 2020

O artigo tem por tema a gestão escolar humanizadora e a aplicação pedagógica dos preceitos legais. O objetivo da investigação foi analisar a abordagem humanista na educação contemporânea a fim de propor princípios para uma gestão escolar humanizadora. Quanto à metodologia, trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, de análise documental e revisão de literatura. Os dados foram analisados com base na técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, segundo Bardin. Os resultados apontam para a possibilidade de uma gestão escolar humanizadora e para a aplicação pedagógica dos preceitos legais. Assim, consideramos a importância de salientar que o quesito de atender aos preceitos legais requer sua aplicação pedagógica para que não se torne uma tarefa somente burocrática, dissociada de uma gestão cujos sujeitos estejam engajados em um projeto educativo humanizador.
Revisitando os clássicos: as contribuições de Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim e Max Weber para a sociologia da educação
Authors: Quiroga Fernando Lionel , Aparecida Paolucci Beatriz
Published: July 2020

O presente ensaio consta de uma apresentação introdutória da sociologia clássica sobre o tema da educação que, após o pensamento de Durkheim viria a adquirir status de disciplina autônoma, passando-se a denominar-se sociologia da educação. O objetivo principal consistiu de uma retomada das principais contribuições da sociologia clássica para a disciplina, destacando as principais ideias do pensamento de Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim e Max Weber. Tal estudo partiu de uma revisão da literatura clássica e especializada sobre os autores em perspectiva no sentido de problematizar as principais teses e compreender as possibilidades e limites que elas suscitam às investigações contemporâneas deste campo investigativo. Considerando o amplo repertório temático da plêiade em perspectiva, optamos por apresentar não um quadro sistemático das principais ideias, mas de exercitar o pensamento acerca desta relação tomando como ponto de partida a leitura dos clássicos. Temas como: a divisão do trabalho; relações entre educação e trabalho; ideologia; função social da educação; fato social; coerção social; desencantamento do mundo; racionalização do mundo; burocratização; dentre outros, compõe o corpo desta introdução.
No hay palabra indígena para decir turismo.
Authors: Enriz Noelia
Published: July 2020

El presente trabajo aborda la complejidad que presenta la creación de áreas naturales protegidas en territorios de ocupación ancestral indígena, especialmente cuando las áreas protegidas se desarrollan como polos del turismo internacional. El estudio discute el caso específico del turismo de gran escala en la zona de Iguazú, en el norte de Argentina. Allí se emplaza el punto turístico de mas relevancia del país, las Cataratas de Iguazú. Esta indagación se enmarca en proyectos de larga duración en la zona, en el marco de metodologías de investigación de tipo histórico-etnográficas. Empíricamente utilizamos fuentes documentales,  registros etnográficos y fragmentos de conversaciones. En el plano teórico, apuntamos a contribuir al campo de las reflexiones sobre las industrias extractivas, los conflictos entre medioambiente, conservación e impacto socio-ambiental desde una perspectiva etnográfica centrada en las poblaciones indígenas.
La sexualidad como suceso. Análisis de la percepción periodística de la homosexualidad en las últimas décadas del siglo XX.
Authors: Rovira Paula Sequeira
Published: July 2020

El siguiente documento se interesa por analizar algunas de las percepciones periodísticas que existieron en Costa Rica sobre el tema de la homosexualidad entre 1965 y finales de 1980. Para ello se analizaron varias noticias que aparecieron en el diario La República, en las que la homosexualidad tenía cabida casi exclusivamente en la sección de sucesos. Los hombres homosexuales eran retratados no sólo con características femeninas sino, sobre todo, delictivas. Ellos eran presentados como seres peligrosos para el sistema judicial, político, moral, social y religioso. De hecho, la prisión y la criminalización del homosexual fueron necesarias para ayudar a producir esta identidad sexual. Marginalmente también se tratarán aspectos generales sobre otro personaje de los sucesos como lo es el sátiro, con el fin de mostrar cómo el homosexual de los sucesos era percibido como un criminal más complejo que otros sujetos sexuales de la misma sección.
Reseña de Laura Fuentes y otros. Protocolo Roslin y otros relatos de ciencia ficción (San José: Editorial Costa Rica, 2019)
Authors: Díaz Arias David
Published: July 2020

El libro Protocolo Roslin y otros relatos de ciencia ficción (San José: Editorial Costa Rica, 2019)
AZ EMLÉKEZÉS HULLÁMAI:EMBER – TÁRSADALOM – KULTÚRA 150 ÉV EMLÉKEZETELMÉLETEIBEN
Authors: PLÉH CSABA
Published: July 2020

A modern emlékezetkutatás másfél évszázada indult el Hering elméletével, mely először kötötte az emlékezés közismert kulturális gyakorlatát az idegszövet feltételezett átalakulásaihoz. Azóta is vita tárgya, hogy vajon a múlt minden hatását emlékezetnek nevezzük-e, vagy csupán az egykori helyzetek és események visszaidézését. Az előadás kiindulópontja, hogy az emlékezet kutatása azóta három vágányon halad. Keressük a szervezet múltjának neurális nyomait, az emlékezés szerveződését az egyén lelki életében, s a visszaidézések csoport szervezte s csoportteremtő gyakorlataiban a kulturális (akár történeti) emlékezetet nyomozzuk.

A hagyományok közti kapcsolatteremtés egyik fogalmi kérdése a „mik vagy kik” az emlékek és az emlékezés hordozói és ágensei? Emlékezik-e a hippokampusz, s emlékeznek-e a kondicionált állatok? Hogyan emlékezhetnek csoportok, miként Halbwachs ma felújított évszázados elmélete sugallja, úgy, hogy közben ne tételezzünk misztikus „csoportlelkeket”. Hogyan használunk emlékezeti erőforrásként másokat, könyveket, könyvtárakat, s keresőmotorokat? Ki végzi ilyenkor az emlékezést, s hová rendelődik a bevésés-tárolás-felidézés klasszikus hármassága?

Klasszikus kérdés mindhárom kutatási hagyományban az emlékek és tudások szerveződése. Ismertetőjegyek, helyek, képek, szokások, történetek, eljárások világáról született biológiai, pszichológiai és kulturális elméletek kavalkádja. Bergson óta velünk él az az igény, hogy az emlékeket a személyhez (egóhoz, selfhez) kapcsoljuk, s az ént egyszerre tekintsük mint a test, a személyi élmény és a társas hatás emlékezeti integrációs felületét és ezek működésének eredményét. A mellett érvelek, hogy a jelentésteli emlékek elbeszélő felfogása, amelyet a hazai irodalomban László János képviselt, kapcsolatot tud teremteni a pszichológiai és a kulturális emlékezet, gyakorlatok és kutatási hagyományok között.

Mint egy pszichológustól joggal várható is, mondanivalóm az lesz, hogy a C. P. Snow kiemelte két kultúra, de mára akár három kultúra (művészet, bölcsészet, tudomány) örökségében a kísérleti pszichológus hivatása, hogy megteremtse a hidat és párbeszédet ezek között a szétvált társalgási univerzumok között. Saját emlékezetikultusz-személyeink, Ranschburg, Rapaport, Kardos, Grastyán, Mérei és László életműve és nyitott gondolkodása hordozza ezt az igényt mint elkötelező örökséget.
A TANULMÁNYI REZILIENCIA ÉRTELMEZÉSE:KUTATÁSI, PREVENCIÓS ÉS INTERVENCIÓS LEHETŐSÉGEK
Authors: KÓRÓDI KITTI , SZABÓ ÉVA
Published: July 2020

A reziliencia fogalma az utóbbi években a pszichológiai diskurzus egyik „sláger” kifejezésévé vált. Ennek is köszönhetően számos értelmezés jelent meg, amelyek egymással átfedésben vannak, hasonló tartalmakra refl ektálnak. Oktatási kontextusban azokat a gyermekeket tekintik reziliensnek, akik hátrányos helyzetük ellenére tanulmányaikban sikeresek. A külföldi szakirodalmat áttekintve relevánsnak tűnik a fogalom kiterjesztése az átlagtól eltérő gyermekekre is (tanulási nehézséggel küzdők, tehetségesek). A tanulmány áttekinti a reziliencia meghatározásának és a fogalom operacionalizálásának nehézségeit, majd bemutatja a tanulmányi reziliencia relevanciáját, mérésének lehetőségeit. Megemlít néhány külföldi és hazai jó gyakorlatot, amelyek közvetve a reziliencia fejlesztését célozzák, ugyanakkor rámutat a programok továbbfejlesztésének szükségességére is. Végül javaslatokat fogalmaz meg a tanulmányi reziliencia kutatásának koncepciójára.
ESTRATÉGIAS PARA A REFORMULAÇÃO DA ESTRUTURA CURRICULAR NA FACULDADE DE MEDICINA DE RIBEIRÃO PRETO NA ÚLTIMA DÉCADA E ESTÁGIO ATUAL DO PROCESSO
Authors: Figueiredo José Fernando de Castro , Rodrigues Cláudio Roberto Carvalho
Published: July 2020

Resumo: A Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto tem dispendido, ao longo do tempo, considerável esforço no sentido de discutir e reavaliar a estrutura curricular do curso de graduação em Medicina, com vistas ao seu aprimoramento. No presente trabalho são apresentadas as principais medidas institucionais decorrentes desse posicionamento, nos últimos dez anos, bem como os resultados obtidos através das estratégias adotadas. A análise crítica do processo permite a conclusão de que o investimento de tempo e trabalho, na tentativa de efetuar uma análise mais aprofundada da estrutura curricular da F.M.R.P. e sua possível reformulação, foi excessivamente grande em relação aos resultados práticos obtidos. Na opinião dos autores, as possíveis causas dessa situação poderiam advir de: 1) descrédito da Instituição (corpo docente e discente) em relação aos métodos e instrumentação utilizados até o momento; 2) descrédito da Instituição quanto às reais possibilidades e/ou necessidades de mudança na estrutura curricular; 3) subvalorização dos aspectos de ensino-aprendizagem no contexto geral das atividades docentes; 4) autonomia desfrutada pelos Departamentos ao propor seus programas de ensino-aprendizagem; e 5) a interação entre essas quatro possibilidades.
Vivência materna no contexto da amamentação do recém-nascido hospitalizado e submetido à intervenção cirúrgica
Authors: Moreira Thaís Barbosa , Silva Leila Rangel da , Silva Maíra Domingues Bernardes , Silva Laura Johanson da , Mourão Pâmela Pereira , Moreira Ana Paula Assunção
Published: July 2020

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever a vivência materna no contexto da amamentação do filho recém-nascido, hospitalizado em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) e submetido à intervenção cirúrgica. Método Pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, realizada em um Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro, através de entrevistas audiogravadas com oito mulheres que vivenciaram a amamentação de filhos hospitalizados, para o tratamento dos dados foi utilizado a análise de conteúdo modalidade temática. Resultados Por meio da análise de conteúdo modalidade temática foram elaboradas três categorias: Enfrentando dificuldades na amamentação diante da hospitalização e cirurgia do filho; construindo vínculo com o filho diante de condições limitantes do colo e do peito; necessitando de apoio para amamentar o filho submetido à cirurgia. Conclusões e Implicações para a prática O vínculo materno deve ser sempre estimulado em todos os cenários de cuidado neonatal, principalmente em situações de maior vulnerabilidade que podem interferir dificultando o processo de amamentação como a hospitalização para realização de procedimento cirúrgico. Diálogo e processos conjuntos entre os setores de apoio as lactantes e recém-nascidos fortalecem a segurança materna, tornando evidente a importância da troca de experiências entre as equipes para construção do acolhimento, incentivo e apoio a essa nutriz e seu filho.