bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Risk Factors for Advanced Open Angle Glaucoma Presentation among Patients Visiting Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia
Authors: Daba Kumale Tolesa , Gessesse Girum W/Gebreal , Molla Jemmal Mohammed , Alemu Tsedeke Asaminew
Published: July 2024

Background: Glaucoma is the predominant cause of irreversible blindness, particularly the late presentation. The purpose of this study is to identify  the risk factors associated with late presentation in Jimma University Medical Center
Methods: A case-control study was done among patients newly diagnosed to have open angle glaucoma (of any type) at Jimma University Medical  Center from July 2014 – January 2019. Cases were patients/eyes diagnosed to have any type of open angle glaucoma with advanced glaucomatous  disc features, whereas controls were patients diagnosed with early and moderate stages of glaucoma.
Results: There were 205 (116 cases and 89 controls) participants. The mean age of the participants at the time of diagnosis was 58.3±13.4yrs. Family  history of blindness, presenting IOP, type of glaucoma and age were independently associated with late presentation. Patients with family  history of blindness had late advanced glaucoma five times higher than those with no family history of blindness. The presence of late glaucoma  among patients with presenting intra ocular pressure < 30mmHg is lower than those having ≥30mmHg (Adjusted Odds Ratio= 0.136). Primary open-  angle glaucoma patients were less likely to present with advanced glaucoma than pseudoexfoliative glaucoma patients (Adjusted Odds  Ratio=0.39). The chance of presenting with late glaucoma was increased by 3.4% for every one year increment of age.
Conclusions: Presence of family history of blindness, high presenting intraocular pressure, pseudoexfoliative glaucoma and old age are risk factors  for late presentation of glaucoma.
Time to Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Risk Factors among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Gelcho Gurmessa Nugussu , Gari Firomsa Shewa
Published: July 2024

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes, caused by high blood sugar levels damaging the eye. Globally, diabetic retinopathy  affects more than 103.12 million people. Diabetic retinopathy is among the leading causes of vision loss at the global level, including in Ethiopia.  Therefore, the study aimed to assess the time to develop diabetic retinopathy and identify factors associated with diabetic retinopathy among  diabetes patients.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from September 1, 2021 to January 30, 2022. Data was collected using semistructured questionnaire.  The Cox proportional hazard model were used to determine the median time to develop diabetic retinopathy and identify predictors  of diabetic retinopathy. Data was analyzed using R software.
Results: A total of 373 diabetes patients were included in this study. The prevalence of  diabetic retinopathy was 41.3%. The median time was 41 months, ranging from 39 to 73 months. Elder age (HR=3.17, 95%CI: 1.53, 6.58), being male  (HR=2.34, 95%CI: 1.35, 6.15), previous family history of diabetes (HR=4.16, 95%CI: 2.19, 8.37), longer duration of diabetes (HR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.41,  5.31) received only insulin therapy (HR=3.91, 95%CI: 1.36, 7.94), and high systolic blood pressure(HR=2.32; 95%CI: 1.12, 4.39) were statistically  significant factors related to development of diabetes retinopathy.
Conclusions: More than half of diabetic patinets in this study were developed  retinopathy diabetes within a few months of being diagnosed. As a result, we advocate that the best way to preserve our vision from diabetic  retinopathy is to maintain our diabetes under control, and the high-risk population receive early screening for diabetes.
Clinical Competence and Perception of Medical Students after Early Clinical Exposure through Pre-clerckship Education at an Ethiopian Medical School: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Esubalew Taddese Mindaye  , Goytom Knfe Tesfay
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Conventional medical curriculum is the mainstay in the long history of modern medical education. Innovative integrated medical curriculum attracted significant attention in improving conventional curriculum. In the integrated curriculum, basic sciences are incorporated horizontally with each other, and students are exposed early to clinical settings. This is expected to improve students’ knowledge and skills in clinical medicine by the time they start their clerkship rotation.
METHOD: the study aims to make a baseline assessment on the overall knowledge and skills of medical students towards clinical medicine. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April of 2020 using 91 third year medical students (convenience sampling). A three-section self-administered survey instrument, short written MCQ exam, and practical (OSCE) students’ examination were used for this survey.
RESULT: participants tend to exhibit better knowledge on basics of history taking and physical examination with an average score of 79%. Comparatively, the score for average physical examination skill was low (56.3%). Students’ perception on ECE showed, over 50% of participants believe ECE increases burden on their overall workload. Even then, the majority (92.3%) still think that ECE has positive impact on their clerkship education. Taken together, it appears more hands-on interventions is needed to further improve skills of medical students in physical examination with particular emphasis on the clinical examination of breast, thyroid, musculoskeletal, and neurologic systems.
Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase and Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ahmed Kabrah
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (GNB) isolated from patients at the King Faisal Hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 298 patients admitted to the intensive care unit for 48 hours and who had a central venous catheter were selected using a census sampling method. Only patients with ESBL and carbapenem-resistant GNB-isolated organisms (175 patients) were included. The susceptibility test of GNB was carried out according to the standard recommendations. The identified strains were tested in-vitro against several antimicrobial drugs. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24.
RESULTS: 36(20.6%) of samples were ESBL-producing GNB, whereas 139(79.4%) were carbapenem-resistant GNB. The pooled proportional estimates of ESBL-producing GNB Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and other GNB were 44.4%, 41.6%, and 14.0%, respectively; the pooled proportional estimates of carbapenem resistance GNB Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii complex/hemolyticus and other GNB were 82.8%, 10.8%, and 6.4%, respectively. All ESBL-producing GNB and carbapenem-resistance GNB were multidrug-resistant pathogens. The highest carbapenem resistance GNB 139(100%) was to ampicillin, and the lowest 122(87.7%) was to Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Amox/clav). All ESBL-producing GNB 36 (100%) were resistant to cefotaxime, and 35 (97.2%) were resistant to ampicillin, cefuroxime, cefepime, and ceftazidime. Additionally, the effective antibiotic against ESBL-producing GNB was imipenem.
CONCLUSION: Antibiotic utilization measures appear to contribute to the control of the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens such as ESBL and carbapenem-resistant GNB. Strict adherence to well-accepted infection control guidelines along with caution in using broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents represents the best strategy for preventing the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens.
A Quantitative Study on the Ethnobotanical Knowledge about Wild Edible Plants among the Population of Messiwa
Authors: Ridwane Ghanimi  , Ahmed Ouhammou  , Rachid Ait Babahmad  , Mohamed Cherkaoui
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: The preservation of traditional knowledge of wild edible plants (WEPs) is one of the challenges to the sustainability of natural resources. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the traditional knowledge of WEPs in relation to some socio-demographic and economic factors.
METHODS: The survey was conducted among the Messiwapopulationthrough a semi-structured questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire concerns socio-demographic and economic information, while the second part concerns the plants recognized and used by the informant. The recognition frequency (RF), the use frequency (UF), the general consumption frequency(CF), the recent consumption frequency (RCF), and the correlation between these frequencies were evaluated. A comparison of means was also used to compare informant’s knowledge according to their socio-demographic and economic status.
RESULTS: The three species;Foeniculum vulgare, Ziziphus lotus, and Malva sylvestris were the most recognized (FR = 1) and the most used (FU = 1). The consumption frequency (CF) and the recent consumption frequency (RCF) for Foeniculum vulgare were 1 and 0.9, respectively. Taraxacum getulum, Calendula arvensis and Cyperus rotundus were the least recognized (FR= 0.16; 0.16; 0.48) and least used (FU = 0.3; 0.3; 0.4) species, respectively. The informants who showed a high level of traditional knowledge on WEPs were housewives, with a low level of schooling and at least 45 years old.
CONCLUSION: Despite the decline in traditional knowledge about wild edible plants, some populations preserve this knowledge, especially among the elderly. Therefore, documentation of this knowledge is necessary through ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal studies.
Lost to Follow-Up among Tuberculosis Patients during the Public-Private Mix Era in Rural Area of Indonesia
Authors: Sri R. Rahayu  , Mustika S. Susilastuti  , Muhamad Z. Saefurrohim  , Mahalul Azam  , Fitri Indrawati  , Mamat Supriyono  , Dani Miarso  , Baiq D. Safitri  , Sabrina Daniswara  , Aufiena NA Merzistya  , Rizqi Amilia  , Mustafa D. Affandi  , Nur WahidahNur Wahidah  , Isbandi  , Anggun D. Wandastuti  , Annisa K. Laila  , Zuyyinatun Muflikhah
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Indonesia’s national Tuberculosis (TB) strategy is public-private mix (PPM). The PPM aims to treat patients who have lost sight during TB treatment as these patients are TB carriers and at risk of transmitting TB. The purpose of this study was to identify predictive factors for loss to follow-up (LFTU) among TB patients receiving treatment when the PPM was at place in Indonesia.
METHODS: The design of this study was a retrospective cohort study. The data used in this study was sourced from the Tuberculosis Information System (SITB) of Semarang which was recorded routinely during 2020-2021. Univariate analysis, crosstabulation, and logistic regression were performed on 3434 TB patients meeting the minimum variables.
RESULTS: The participation of health facilities in reporting TB during the PPM era in Semarang reached 97.6% consisting of 37 primary healthcare center (100%), 8 public hospitals (100%), 19 private hospitals (90.5%), and a community-based pulmonary health center (100%). The regression analysis reveal that the predictive factors of LTFU-TB during the PPM are the year of diagnosis (AOR=1.541; p-value=<0.001; 95% CI=1.228-1.934), referral status (AOR=1.562, p-value=0.007; 95% CI=1.130-2160), healthcare and social security insurance ownership (AOR=1.638; p-value=<0.001; 95% CI=1.263-2.124), drugs source (AOR=4.667; p-value=0.035; 95% CI=1.117-19.489).
CONCLUSIONS: The PPM strategy in dealing with LTFU patients should focus on TB patients without Healthcare and Social Security Insurance and who receive TB treatment rather than program drugs.
Household Poverty-Wealth and Decision-Making Autonomy as Predictors of Reproductive and Maternal Health Services Utilization among Rural Women in Nigeria: Evidence from a National Survey
Authors: Imo Chukwuechefulam Kingsley
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Adequate reproductive and maternal healthcare services utilization are significant in reducing maternal deaths, however, the prevalence rate of contraceptive use remains low, with inadequate maternal health services utilization among rural women in Nigeria. This study examined the influence of household poverty-wealth and decision-making autonomy on reproductive and maternal health services utilization among rural women in Nigeria.
Methods: The study analyzed data from a weighted sample of 13,151 currently married and cohabiting rural women. Descriptive and analytical statistics including multivariate binary logistic regression were conducted using Stata software.
RESULTS: An overwhelming majority of rural women (90.8%) have not used modern contraceptive methods, with poor utilization of maternal health services. About 25% who delivered at home received skilled postnatal checks during the first 2 days after childbirth. Household poverty-wealth significantly reduced the likelihood of using modern contraceptives (aOR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.52-0.84), having at least four ANC visits (aOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.36-0.51), delivering in a health facility (aOR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.29-0.42) and receiving a skilled postnatal check (aOR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.15-0.88). Women’s decision-making autonomy regarding their healthcare significantly increased the use of modern contraceptives and the number of ANC visits, while women’s autonomy on how their earnings are spent positively influenced the use of maternal healthcare services.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the use of reproductive and maternal health services among rural women was associated with household poverty-wealth and decision-making autonomy. Government should formulate more pragmatic policies that will create awareness and promote universal access to reproductive and maternal healthcare services.
Breastfeeding Self-efficacy in COVID-19 Positive Postpartum Mothers in a Community Maternal Facility in South India: A Case Control Study
Authors: Shifa Nismath  , Suchetha S Rao  , Soundarya Addala  , Ravikiran S R  , Nutan Kamath
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding experiences have altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. Breastfeeding self-efficacy is a strong determinant of the breastfeeding behaviour of women. We aimed to study breastfeeding self-efficacy and   assess the perceived factors for breastfeeding hindrance in COVID-19 positive mothers in the postpartum period.
METHOD: A facility based case-control study was conducted with 63 COVID-19 positive (cases) and 63 COVID-19 negative postnatal mothers (controls). A breastfeeding self-efficacy short form (BFSE SF) instrument measured Breastfeeding self-efficacy 24 to 48 hours post-delivery. Mothers who tested positive for COVID-19 were interviewed about perceived factors for breastfeeding hindrance. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics were used for maternal parameters. BFSE SF scores were compared by a t test.
RESULTS: The mean BFSE SF score of COVID-19 positive mothers was 53.14 which was significantly lower than the mean BFSE SF score of 56.52 of COVID-19 negative mothers (p=0.013). Mothers who had received postpartum breastfeeding advice had significantly higher BFSE SF mean scores (p= 0.031). Sixty-seven percentage of COVID-19 positive mothers reported fear of transmission of illness to the neonate as a hindering factor.
CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding self-efficacy scores were significantly lower in COVID- 19 positive mothers. Higher breastfeeding self-efficacy scores were observed in mothers who had received postpartum breastfeeding advice. The fear of transmission of the COVID-19 illness to the neonate was perceived as a breastfeeding hindering factor in most of the mothers. These observations imply the need for professional lactation support programs.
Decision to Delivery Interval, Perinatal Outcome and Factors Following Emergency Cesarean Section in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Kassaw Beyene  , Kassahun Fekadu  , Manaye Yihune  , Yosef Alemayehu  , Dagninet Alelign  , Gedife Ashebir  , Biresaw Wassihun  , Abrham Debeb
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: The interval between the decision for an emergency cesarean section and the delivery of the fetus should be made within 30 minutes. In a setting like Ethiopia, the recommendation of 30 minutes is unrealistic. Decision to delivery interval should, therefore, be considered as vital in improving perinatal outcomes. This study aimed to assess the decision to delivery interval, its perinatal outcomes, and associated factors.
METHODS: A facility-based cross-sectional study was employed, and a consecutive sampling technique was used. Both the questionnaire and the data extraction sheet were used, and data analysis was done using a statistical package for social science version 25 software. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the factors associated with decision to delivery interval.  P-value < 0.05 level of significance with a 95% Confidence interval was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS:  Decision-to-delivery interval below 30 minutes was observed in 21.3% of emergency cesarean sections. Category one (AOR=8.45, 95% CI, 4.66, 15.35), the presence of additional OR table (AOR=3.31, 95% CI, 1.42, 7.70), availability of materials and drugs (AOR=4.08, 95% CI, 1.3, 12.62) and night time (AOR=3.08, 95% CI, 1.04, 9.07) were factors significantly associated.  The finding revealed that there was no statistically significant association between prolonged decisions to delivery interval with adverse perinatal outcomes.
CONCLUSION: Decision-to-delivery intervals were not achieved within the recommended time interval. The prolonged decision to delivery interval and adverse perinatal outcomes had no significant association. Providers and facilities should be better equipped in advance and ready for a rapid emergency cesarean section.
Colloidal/Calcified Neurocysticercosis at University Hospital of KSA: A Case Series
Authors: Saima Nazish  , Mohammad Almuhanna
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is considered the most common central nervous system (CNS) helminthic infection. The prevalence of NCC cases in the Middle East has increased in recent years. Thirty-nine cases of NCC were reported between 2003-2011 in the Arabian Peninsula, among, five cases being from the kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA). Most of the cases reported from the KSA were presented with seizures, and they belonged to expatriate workers or their related contacts. In this case series, we presented three cases of colloidal/calcified NCC.
CASES: Our patients were diagnosed with NCC based on epidemiologic exposure, clinical features, and typical radiological findings. Stool samples for ova and parasites were negative in all three cases. Among these cases, two patients were immigrants and belonged to endemic areas, and third case who is the youngest in this series was a Saudi, without any history of exposure to any source.
 RESULTS:  The first and the third cases were treated with Albendazole and Dexamethasone. We did not offer any medication regarding NCC in the second case as he had asymptomatic NCC and the disease was inactive so did not mandate anti-helminth medication.
CONCLUSION: NCC in KSA, like in non-endemic countries, is not a rare or unusual infection anymore, presenting with seizures or incidental findings in an asymptomatic state. Vigilant diagnostic protocols with efficient diagnostic tools are required for detecting carriers of the adult form of the parasite. Timely detection of these carriers can avoid further spread and its related complications in the Saudi population.
Histologic and Biochemical Effect of Balanite aegyptiaca Fruit Extract on Alloxan-Induced Diabetes in Wistar Rats
Authors: Solomon Matthias Gamde  , Chinenye J. Ugwah-Oguejiofor  , Aminu Garba  , Godwin O Avwioro  , Akinpelu Moronkeji  , Abdullahi Abiodun Jimoh
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is among the most prevalent and costly chronic diseases in the world. Unfortunately, immediate prospects for a cure are not available. We aimed to determine the in vivo antidiabetic activity, histologic, and biochemical effect of Balanites aegyptiaca fruit extract on alloxan-induced diabetes in Wistar rats.
METHODS: Thirty-six Wistar rats were allotted into six groups (n=6). Group I was normal  control. Group II was induced with diabetes but not treated.Groups III-V were induced with diabetes and treated with 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg extracts while Group VI was treated with Metformin once daily for 14 days. Animals were euthanized, and blood samples were collected for biochemical assays. The liver, kidney, pancreas, and testis were excised and processed by the paraffin wax method.
RESULT: Oral administration of BA extract significantly (P<0.05) reduced blood glucose, liver enzymes, and creatinine levels in diabetic animals. The extract also improved the body weights of diabetic animals and microscopic anatomy of the pancreas, testis, liver, and kidney parenchyma compared to the control.
CONCLUSION: Balanites aegyptiaca phytochemicals reduced blood glucose level and improved the histology of the liver, kidney, pancreas, and testis. Further study is recommended to identify the phytochemicals and mechanism of action.
Factors Associated with Neural Tube Defects among Women Who Gave Birth at Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama, Ethiopia: A Case Control Study
Authors: Dereje Tegene  , Ephrem Mannekulih
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Neural tube defects (NTDs) occur as a result of incomplete closure of the neural tube by the embryonic age of 26 to 28 days. Addressing factors associated with NTDs would help to identify and prioritize high-risk women, which in turn guides the preventive strategy. The study aimed to identify factors associated with NTDs among women who gave birth or had a second-trimester abortion at Adama Hospital Medical College, from January 1st to December 31st, 2019.
METHODS: Hospital based unmatched case-control study was conducted on 344 women. Data were analyzed with SPSS 20. Descriptive statistics were computed. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associations with NTDs.
RESULTS: The odds of having a fetus with NTDs were 2.19 times higher among women who are not in a marital relationship (AOR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.13, 4.25). Women with a previous history of Abortion or stillbirth had 3 fold increased risk of having a fetus with NTDs (AOR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.58, 5.88). Inadequate housing condition nearly doubles the odds of having a fetus with NTDs (AOR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.20, 3.04). Folic acid or multivitamin supplementation early in pregnancy reduced the odds of having a fetus with NTDs by 43% (AOR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.91)  
CONCLUSION: Being not in a marital relationship, previous history of abortion or stillbirth, and living in inadequate housing conditions were risk factors for NTDs, while multivitamins or folic acid supplementation was a protective factor.
Effective and Economical Option of Anesthesia in Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery
Authors: Turkan Sadi  , Ozan Ekmekcioglu  , Ebru Efe Ekmekcioglu  , Hakan Ayvaz  , Lokman Irkilata  , Akkan Avci
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: There is only limited data in the literature showing the effect of anesthesia methods on the success of retrograd intrarenal surgery. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate retrograd intrarenal surgery cases performed under spinal and general anesthesia in terms of effectiveness, cost, hospitalization time and complications.
METHODS: A total of 337 patients who underwent retrograd intrarenal surgery due to kidney stones between 2014 and 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. In our study, the patients were divided into two groups according to the anesthesia method administered: Group 1 consisted of 172 patients who received spinal anesthesia and Group 2 comprised 165 patients administered general anesthesia. Both groups were compared in terms of demographic data, localization and size of stone, radiographic stone density, operation time, complications, need for postoperative analgesia, length of hospitalization, and stone free rate.
RESULTS: The cost of general anesthesia was significantly higher compared to that of spinal anesthesia (p < 0.001). The analgesia application administered within the first six postoperative hours was significantly higher in the general anesthesia group (p < 0.001). In other findings, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.
CONCLUSION: Retrograd intrarenal surgery can be performed with similar safety and effectiveness under both general and spinal anesthesia. However, spinal anesthesia seems to be more advantageous due to the patients' lower need for analgesics in the early postoperative period and the lower cost of the anesthetics used.
Schizodontic Molarization of Mandibular Premolars: A Case Report of Gemination
Authors: Harshata Tirtalli Sathish  , Sharad Kamat  , Mamata Kamat  , Rudrayya S. Puranik
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Tooth gemination is a single enlarged or joined tooth with a normal tooth count when the anomalous tooth is counted as one. Mandibular second premolars show an elevated variability of crown morphology. Only nine cases of isolated second premolar macrodontia have been reported in the literature.
CASE DESCRIPTION: This case report presents the clinical and radiographic findings and conservative treatment of an atypical and rare case of localized bilateral molarization of mandibular second premolars.
CONCLUSION: Dental professionals should acquire deeper knowledge about anomalies and plan treatment carefully to avoid unexpected complications during dental procedures caused by morphological ignorance.
Appendico-Ileal Knotting: A Rare Cause of Strangulated Small Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Najeem Adedamola IDOWU  , Waheed Olalekan ISMAEEL  , Akeem Aderogba ADELEKE  , Joshua Adejare FALEYE  , Suliyat Adebisi ADELEYE-IDOWU  , Kehinde Aderonke  ADEMOYE
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Bowel obstruction is a common surgical emergency worldwide. It may result into high morbidity or mortality whenever intervention is delayed. It affects all age groups. The most commonly seen etiologies of bowel obstruction are post-operative adhesions, neoplasm and hernia in that order. Intestinal knot syndrome is an extremely rare cause of intestinal obstruction, and when it occurs, it poses diagnostic challenges. We report a case of appendico-ileal knotting causing strangulated small bowel obstruction due to its rarity and diagnostic difficulty. Our objective is to discuss the clinical presentation and management of this rare cause of surgical emergency.
CASE: A-72- year old man was seen at the emergency unit of our center with 4 days history of gradual onset of colicky abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting. He had a two-day history of constipation and a one-day history of fever. He was acutely ill-looking and his vital signs were abnormal. Urgent abdominopelvic ultrasound and plain abdominal x-ray was performed and were suggestive of intestinal obstruction. He had emergency laparotomy, and intra-operatively appendico-ileal knotting was seen with gangrenous appendix and terminal ileum. This necessitated limited right hemicolectomy and ileo-colonic anastomosis. The patient was managed post-operatively and discharged on post-operative day 10.
CONCLUSION: Appendico-ileal knotting is a cause of small bowel obstruction although it is very rare. The diagnosis is commonly confirmed intra-operatively. There are reports of simple small bowel obstruction secondary to appendico-ileal knotting, but this case confirmed that it could also lead to strangulated intestinal obstruction.
Rhetorizität des hohen Stils: Der deutsche Racine in französischer Tradition und romantischer Modernisierung
Authors: Nebrig Alexander
Published: July 2024

Vom Deklamationstheater in Alexandrinern zum Lesedrama in Blankversen: die Verdeutschung von Racines Tragödien. Jean Racine (1639-1699) ist der französische Tragödienautor schlechthin. Insbesondere der hohe Stil seiner Figurenrede war für die Tragödie beispielgebend. Es lassen sich zwei Phasen der Übertragung von Racines Trauerspielen ins Deutsche unterscheiden: Bis ca. 1770 wurde er in klassizistisch-französischer Tradition übersetzt, so unter anderem von Johann Christoph Gottsched. Ab ca. 1800 entdeckten ihn die Autoren der klassisch-romantischen Epoche für sich, darunter Friedrich Schiller, und die Art und Weise, die Emphase der tragischen Rede zu übertragen, änderte sich völlig. Die von Nebrig zusammengestellten Übersetzungskorpora bezeugen diesen Wandel. Die Übersetzungen werden gattungsgeschichtlich und bühnengeschichtlich eingeordnet, die Diskussion um den »hohen Stil«, die auch anhand der Stücke Racines entbrennt, dokumentiert und analysiert. Anhand der Tragödien Athalie, Iphigénie und Phèdre sind beide Übersetzungsstile abschließend noch einmal im Vergleich zu betrachten. Neben einem Verzeichnis von über 200 Racine-Aufführungen im deutschsprachigen Raum ist eine annotierte Bibliographie sämtlicher Übersetzungsdrucke in deutscher Sprache bis 1830 beigefügt.
Planetarien: Wunder der Technik – Techniken des Wunderns
Authors: Ahner Helen
Published: July 2024

Diese Kulturgeschichte des Planetariums erkundet das ambivalente Gefühl des Wunderns – und wie es den Blick auf die Welt veränderte. Der Traum von der Eroberung des Weltraums inspiriert bis heute Wissenschaft und Technik, Kunst und Populärkultur. Der Erfüllung dieses Traums wähnten sich die Menschen ein Stück näher, die Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts die ersten Planetarien der Welt besuchten. Die ersten öffentlichen Planetariumsvorführungen im Jahr 1924 entfachten eine regelrechte Planetariumseuphorie und zogen das Publikum in den Bann der Sterne. In ihrer Kulturgeschichte des Planetariums spürt Helen Ahner den Gefühlen, Wahrnehmungen und Erzählungen nach, die mit der Einrichtung der Planetarien in München, Jena, Wien und Hamburg einhergingen. Im Fokus stehen dabei die Technik-, Natur-, Körper- und Transzendenzerfahrungen, die den Planetariumsbesuch so besonders machten. Auf der Basis von über 900 Quellen zeigt sie, wie Planetarien zu Orten wurden, an denen sich Wissen, Wahrnehmen und Wundern verbanden und an denen die Menschen lernten, was es hieß, sich modern zu fühlen.
Der König, sein Held und ihr Drama: Politik und Poetik der klassischen Tragödie
Authors: Haas Claude
Published: July 2024

Weimarer Klassik und tragédie classique – Die klassische Form und ihre staatsrechtliche Bedeutung Vor dem Hintergrund der epochalen Verunsicherungen des ausgehenden 18. Jahrhunderts stellen sich Goethe und Schiller in ihrer Dramatik den politischen Dimensionen und Abgründen der klassischen französischen Tragödie. Verkappte Staatsgründungen beherrschen ebenso das Geschehen wie der Staatsstreich, der Bürgerkrieg oder der failing state. Eine neue Aktualität gewann das Drama Corneilles und Racines jedoch erst wegen seiner Aufladung der klassischen Form mit staatspolitischen Fundamentalfragen. Das Ringen um eine Regelpoetik und ihre angemessene Umsetzung, vermeintliche Nebensächlichkeiten wie die Einheit der Zeit werden zum Schauplatz genuin politischer Reflexion. Goethe und Schiller verzichten auf eine Restauration der klassischen Form, sie entdecken aber ihre ursprüngliche Energie wieder und verhandeln diese neu. Besonders deutlich zeigt sich dies am dramaturgischen Konflikt zwischen König und Held, der einen bislang weithin übersehenen Grundpfeiler der klassischen Tragödie bildet.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES PARA EDUCAÇÃO SOCIOEMOCIONAL
Authors: Tesch Adriana da Conceição , Silva Dirceu da , Lôbo Ítalo Martins , Zatti Marta Cristiane Kraemer , Ferreira Patrícia Alves
Published: July 2024

Este estudo abordou a lacuna existente na formação de professores em competências socioemocionais, objetivando entender como essa formação pode ser integrada ao currículo e à prática pedagógica para promover o desenvolvimento integral dos alunos. O objetivo geral foi analisar a importância da formação de professores em competências socioemocionais e discutir sua integração efetiva na educação. A metodologia adotada consistiu em uma revisão sistemática da literatura, selecionando e analisando estudos relevantes sobre a formação docente e a educação socioemocional. Os resultados indicaram que a formação de professores em competências socioemocionais tem um impacto positivo significativo tanto no bem-estar dos alunos quanto na criação de um ambiente educacional propício ao aprendizado. A análise destacou a necessidade de políticas públicas de suporte e iniciativas que promovam essa formação, evidenciando programas e projetos bem-sucedidos que integram a educação socioemocional no cotidiano escolar. As considerações finais reiteraram a relevância da educação socioemocional como um componente essencial no desenvolvimento integral do aluno, sublinhando a importância de preparar os educadores para implementar práticas pedagógicas que fomentem essas competências. Conclui-se que a continuidade das pesquisas e o compromisso com a formação de professores nesse campo são fundamentais para atender às demandas educacionais contemporâneas.
Income Inequality and Household Saving in Kenya
Authors: G. Joakim Karugu , Kimunio Isaac
Published: July 2024

Household saving in a country is a critical source of funding to its investments especially in a developing economy like Kenya. Household saving emerges as an integral part towards national saving level in that country. Currently, Kenya’s national saving stands at 12% of its Gross Domestic Product and over the past three decades, Kenya has shown a declining trend in gross domestic savings since it was at 23% of Gross Domestic Product in the early 1990s and dropped to 12% in the early 2020s. This declining saving rate could be explained by the country’s level of income inequality which also has detrimental effects on economic growth as well as the poverty reducing effects of a growing economy. Kenya has been having a declining rate of income inequality portrayed by the declining Gini indices. This study proposed to investigate the effects of income inequality on household saving rate in Kenya. This study used cross-sectional financial data collected from Fin Access Household Survey of 2021. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, diagnostic tests, and probit regression analysis. The study findings were that income inequality had a negative effect on the likelihood of a household to save. This study recommends the government to intervene in addressing the issue of high income inequality through tailormade interventions like progressive taxation, minimum wage and labor policies, and equal access to quality education.
Improving Mathematics Performance in Algebra by Using A Videogame Style Points-Based Feedback System
Authors: Leddo John , Mupparaju Varsha , Roskowski Robert
Published: July 2024

Researchers have found that using videogame-based learning has not only led students to be more engaged in the classroom, but also perform better on exams. These researchers have generally focused on variables such as design of content and interactivity for the video games themselves. The present paper follows up our previous research (Somayyajula, Gajula and Leddo, 2019) that shows that awarding points for correct solutions to math problems boosted performance in elementary school students. In the present study, we performed a similar intervention with middle and high school students who solved algebra problems. A total of 28 Participants were asked to solve 20 algebra problems involving mixtures (an application of systems of linear equations) that were delivered via software. Two versions of the software were used. In one version, Participants were told simply whether they gave the correct answer after each problem. In the other, Participants were not only told whether they gave the correct answer but were also given 100 points for each correct answer and shown their cumulative point totals. Participants who received points scored, on average, 47% higher than those who received no points. Results extend our previous work and suggest that the points motivated the Participants to perform better, suggesting an easy and inexpensive way to boost educational achievement.
Contribution of Family Labour in Mixed Farming System
Authors: Sathyavathi.M  , Ramachandran K.V.
Published: July 2024

Indian economy largely depends on the agriculture. Agriculture is the main source of income in the nation as most of the people choose their livelihood from agriculture. But this source of income is under threat as agriculture has become very risky due to extreme climate changes and highly volatile agricultural markets. Mixed farming system is one way of handling such problems because it provides better income returns to farm owners as well as higher productivity. Mixed farming is defined as a system of farming in which both crop and livestock farming are combined for the purpose of meeting family requirements and profiting from both enterprises. The case for integrating these two is based on the premises that bye –products from the two systems are used on the same farm. Mixed farming system is helpful in decreasing the cost of production per unit area, increasing income and productivity and reducing the risk of farmers. The contribution of family labour in these farming systems cannot be neglected. Mixed family farms produce almost half of the world food. Increasing food supply in developing countries requires increasing productivity of both land and farmers’ labour as key to increase household income, food security and reduce poverty. So the present study focuses on contribution of family labour in mixed farming system and gender wise comparison of family labour towards mixed farming. From the study it can be concluded that mixed farming system is highly dependent on family labour. So that mixed farming can also be called as family farming. The mixed farming is a farming system which is managed and operated by a family and predominantly reliant on family labour both women’s and men’s. The family and farm are linked and can be concluded that family labour is critical resource of mixed farming system.
NON-DIGITAL FACTORS AS A PREREQUISITE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SEAPORT DIGITALIZATION THROUGH BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Autsadee Yuthana , Jeevan Jagan , Mohd Salleh Nurul Haqimin , Sangsawang Chatnugrob , Poma Worawut
Published: July 2024

This research conducts a comprehensive exploration of the prerequisites involved in seaport digitalization through a rigorous bibliometric analysis, with a specific focus on non-digital factors. The study reveals critical insights into the landscape of seaport digitalization, emphasizing the foundational role of effective leadership and stakeholder engagement in fostering innovation and alignment with the diverse needs of the maritime community. Strategic planning emerges as pivotal, providing a purposeful digital transformation journey with clear vision and goals. A robust technology infrastructure, encompassing IT systems, cloud computing, and cybersecurity, positions seaports for adaptability and technological leverage. Effective data management, workforce training, and compliance with regulations are identified as paramount for digitalization success. Despite these contributions, the study acknowledges limitations in the bibliometric analysis and emphasizes the dynamic nature of technology. Recommendations for future research include in-depth regional studies, longitudinal analyses, comparative studies, exploration of human-centric aspects, and investigations into emerging technologies. While offering valuable insights, this research advocates for continued exploration into specific aspects and regional nuances in the dynamic field of seaport digitalization.
Penerapan Website Laboratorium Sebagai Media Informasi dengan Metode Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD)
Authors: Kusuma Muhammad Wira Ade , Ahsyar Tengku Khairil
Published: July 2024

Ketidakberadaan situs web resmi untuk Laboratorium Program Studi Sistem Informasi UIN Suska Riau menjadi hambatan dalam upaya komunikasi dan promosi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang situs website profil Laboratorium Program Studi Sistem Informasi UIN Suska Riau dengan menggunakan metode Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) dan Prototype sebagai Systems Development Life Cycle. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa situs web yang dirancang menggunakan metode OOAD dan Prototype dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna, yaitu dapat menampilkan informasi profil Laboratorium Program Studi Sistem Informasi UIN Suska Riau secara lengkap dan interaktif. Situs web ini juga dapat diakses melalui browser modern dan dapat menampilkan konten multimedia.
USO DE MEDICAMENTOS PSICOTRÓPICOS NA GRAVIDEZ E LACTAÇÃO: UMA REVISÃO DAS EVIDÊNCIAS ATUAIS SOBRE OS RISCOS E BENEFÍCIOS PARA A SAÚDE MENTAL DA MÃE E DO BEBÊ
Authors: Castronovo Paula Rosalia Kelberman , Naumann Carlos Henrique Moulin , Braga Patrícia Sales , Vitor Jordanna Ferreira , Lopes Larissa Santineli
Published: July 2024

Este trabalho consiste em uma revisão minuciosa das evidências atuais sobre o uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos durante a gravidez e lactação, com o intuito de avaliar os potenciais riscos e benefícios para a saúde mental da mãe e do bebê. Serão abordados aspectos farmacocinéticos e farmacodinâmicos dos principais medicamentos psicotrópicos, bem como a passagem placentária e excreção no leite materno. Além disso, serão discutidos os impactos desses medicamentos na gestante, os possíveis efeitos adversos neonatais, o desenvolvimento cognitivo e comportamental a longo prazo, as recomendações clínicas e práticas, e as considerações éticas e legais relacionadas ao tema. Ao final, serão apresentados os principais achados e as implicações para a prática clínica.
Higher education governance in Pakistan: the role and influence of HEC in the post-18th Amendment
Authors: Ullah Jawad
Published: July 2024

In the 18th Amendment in the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan, the role of the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan was limited to the quality standards of higher education and federal institutions and research centres only, as explained in Federal Legislative List I and II. Despite this constitutional constraint, the HEC maintains significant power over the universities and higher education, including policy formation, budgetary administration, and governance. The HEC was established as an advisory body under the HEC Ordinance, 2002. However, its powers have since then expanded its role to that of a quasi-governing organisation. The 2011 Supreme Court decision reaffirmed the HEC's authority under the law, emphasising the necessity of maintaining high educational standards and effective control. This article critically explores the degree of HEC's impact after the 18th Amendment, investigating the conflicts between provincial autonomy and federal monitoring and assessing the ramifications of HEC regulation on Pakistan's higher education environment. The study's findings show that despite the passage of the 18th Amendment, higher education is a more centralised subject controlled by Pakistan's federal government. The provinces, especially Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan, possess limited autonomy concerning higher education governance and rely on HEC for higher education governance.
Successful Conversion Surgery of Common Hepatic Arterial and Portal Vein Resection Combined with Preoperative Chemotherapy and Coil Embolization for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Miyamoto Atsushi ,   Department of Surgery, Sakai City Medical Center, 1-1-1 Ebaraji-cho, Nishi-ku, Sakai city, Osaka, 593-8304, Japan, Kitagawa Akihiro , Maeda Sakae , Tomihara Hideo , Murakami Masahiro ,   Department of Surgery, Sakai City Medical Center, 1-1-1 Ebaraji-cho, Nishi-ku, Sakai city, Osaka, 593-8304, Japan,   Department of Surgery, Sakai City Medical Center, 1-1-1 Ebaraji-cho, Nishi-ku, Sakai city, Osaka, 593-8304, Japan,   Department of Surgery, Sakai City Medical Center, 1-1-1 Ebaraji-cho, Nishi-ku, Sakai city, Osaka, 593-8304, Japan,   Department of Surgery, Sakai City Medical Center, 1-1-1 Ebaraji-cho, Nishi-ku, Sakai city, Osaka, 593-8304, Japan
Published: July 2024

The standard treatment for unresectable locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (UR-LA PDAC) is chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy except for surgery. Although conversion surgery (CS) for UR-LA PDAC has been useful strategy, owing to recent advances in the other treatment, the significance and safety of CS remains unclear.
Revision of the Jones Criteria for the Diagnosis of Acute Rheumatic Fever at Jiblah University Hospital, Yemen
Authors: Kaid Mohammed Al Mohani Sadeq ,   Dean of Faculty of Medical Laboratories, Jiblah University for Medical and Health Sciences, Ibb Governorate, Yemen, Abdullwahed Saleh Almuraisii Baheeq , Ahmed Yahya Al Hatemi Noman , Abdullrzzaq Al Hendi Rafed , Ismail Al Hendi Qassim , Mohammed Al Goraf Hatem , Ali Al Hassani Maysa , Ahmed Al Shaghdri Mohammed , Abd Al Hakim Al Rahbi Mariam ,   Dean of Faculty of Medicine, Jiblah University for Medical and Health Sciences, Ibb Governorate, Yemen,   Dean of Faculty of Nursing, Jiblah University for Medical and Health Sciences, Ibb Governorate, Yemen,   Graduate of the College of Nursing, Jiblah University for Medical and Health Sciences, Ibb Governorate, Yemen,   Graduate of the College of Nursing, Jiblah University for Medical and Health Sciences, Ibb Governorate, Yemen,   Graduate of the College of Nursing, Jiblah University for Medical and Health Sciences, Ibb Governorate, Yemen,   Graduate of the College of Nursing, Jiblah University for Medical and Health Sciences, Ibb Governorate, Yemen,   Graduate of the College of Nursing, Jiblah University for Medical and Health Sciences, Ibb Governorate, Yemen,   Graduate of the College of Nursing, Jiblah University for Medical and Health Sciences, Ibb Governorate, Yemen
Published: July 2024

Background: Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) is an important and preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries including Yemen. Jones criteria provided a standardized approach for the identification of Acute Rheumatic Fever and facilitated an improvement in early case detection. Aims: To determine the extent to which physicians rely on Jones criteria to diagnose acute rheumatic fever in patients attending Jiblah University Hospital, Yemen. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out at Jiblah University Hospital in Jiblah town, Yemen. Data of 71 convenience samples were collected through an open-ended questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: Of 71 clinically diagnosed cases of ARF who tested high ASO titer, only 10 (14.1%) met the revised Jones criteria. Conclusions: The financial inability of patients to undergo Doppler echocardiography coupled with physician’s negligence about the importance of Jones criteria for diagnosing rheumatic fever and their reliance on high ASO titers for diagnosing rheumatic fever could lead to misdiagnosis of rheumatic fever in the study area.
O‘ZBEKISTON QISHLOQ XO‘JALIGIDA INNOVATSION TIZIMLARNI QO‘LLASHNING IJTIMOIY-FALSAFIY MASALALARI
Authors: Yusupov Murodali
Published: July 2024

Mazkur maqolada qishloq xo‘jaligi ishlab chiqarish sohasining innovatsion usullar bilan har tomonlama yuksak darajaga ko‘tarilganligiga e’tibor qaratilgan. Mamlakat aholisining oziq-ovqatga bo‘lgan doimiy ehtiyojini oshib borishi va uni to‘laligicha qondirish orqali oziq-ovqat xavfsizligini ta’minlash masalasi muhim ahamiyatga ega ekanligi ilmiy tahlil qilingan.
SIYOSIY E’TIQOD: UNING TIZIMI VA FUNKSIYASINING FALSAFIY TAHLILI
Authors: Shernazarov Ravshan
Published: July 2024

Siyosiy e’tiqod har bir inson va jamiyat hayotida muhim ahamiyat kasb etib, u  bizning dunyoqarashimizni, qadriyatlarimizni, hukumat va uning siyosatiga nisbatan pozitsiya va qarashlarimizni ifodalaydi. Mazkur maqola siyosiy e’tiqod va uning mexanizmini tadqiq etishga bag’ishlanib, unda siyosiy e’tiqod funksiyasining falsafiy mohiyati ochib berilgan. Siyosiy e’tiqodning ko’plab omillarga, ijtimoiy mavqe, ta’lim, madaniy va diniy an’analarga bog’liqligi misollar asosida yoritib berilgan. Shuningdek, maqolada siyosiy e’tiqodning shaxs siyosiy jamiyatning siyosiy hayotidagi ishtirokidagi sezilarli ta’sir ko’rsatishidagi roli falsafiy jihatdan asoslab berilgan.