bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF THE KOLMOGOROV-SMIRNOV TEST TO COMPARE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS OVER TIME
Authors: LUIZ Alfredo José Barreto , LIMA Magda Aparecida de
Published: April 2021

The national inventories of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which are periodically prepared by countries that signed the Climate Change Convention, compute emissions from anthropogenic sources among them agricultural activities. The protocols established within the scope of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) make it possible to estimate these emissions. These protocols use standard emission factors that vary according to the characteristics of the monitored activities and only scientific research, published in journals of recognized quality, can establish other local factors. Brazilian researchers carry out experiments to measure GHG emissions from agricultural activities, aiming to calculate specific parameters for the national climatic and management conditions. These field experiments are complex, costly, with a limited number of repetitions and, eventually, high natural variability. Often, these limitations result in the inability of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to identify differences between treatments. The objective of this work is to present the non-parametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test as an alternative to compare the effect of flooded irrigation management on methane (CH4) emission throughout the rice crop cycle. We present a case study in which ANOVA produced non-significant results for the adjustment of the model while the KS identified the emission curves as significantly different. The KS test could be adapted, via the SAS NPAR1WAY routine, to compare events with responses over time, such as methane emissions in flooded rice, resulting in test values and graphs that are easy to understand and interpret.
EXPLORATORY SPECTRAL ANALYSIS IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPATIAL POINT PATTERNS
Authors: ARAÚJO Edmary Silveira Barreto , SCALON João Domingos , BATISTA Lurimar Smera
Published: April 2021

A spatial point pattern is a collection of points irregularly located within a bounded area (2D) or space (3D) that have been generated by some form of stochastic mechanism. Examples of point patterns include locations of trees in a forest, of cases of a disease in a region, or of particles in a microscopic section of a composite material. Spatial Point pattern analysis is used mostly to determine the absence (completely spatial randomness) or presence (regularity and clustering) of spatial dependence structure of the locations. Methods based on the space domain are widely used for this purpose, while methods conducted in the frequency domain (spectral analysis) are still unknown to most researchers. Spectral analysis is a powerful tool to investigate spatial point patterns, since it does not assume any structural characteristics of the data (ex. isotropy), and uses only the autocovariance function, and its Fourier transform. There are some methods based on the spectral frameworks for analyzing 2D spatial point patterns. There is no such methods available for the 3D situation and, therefore, the aim of this work is to develop new methods based on spectral framework for the analysis of three-dimensional point patterns. The emphasis is on relating periodogram structure to the type of stochastic process which could have generated a 3D observed pattern. The results show that the methods based on spectral analysis developed in this work are able to identify patterns of three typical three-dimensional point processes, and can be used, concurrently, with analyzes in the space domain for a better characterization of spatial point patterns.
RESIDUAL ANALYSIS IN RASCH POISSON COUNTS MODELS
Authors: SANTOS Naiara Caroline Aparecido dos , BAZÁN Jorge Luiz
Published: April 2021

A Rasch Poisson counts (RPC) model is described to identify individual latent traits and facilities of the items of tests that model the error (or success) count in several tasks over time, instead of modeling the correct responses to items in a test as in the dichotomous item response theory (IRT) model. These types of tests can be more informative than traditional tests. To estimate the model parameters, we consider a Bayesian approach using the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA). We develop residual analysis to assess model t by introducing randomized quantile residuals for items. The data used to illustrate the method comes from 228 people who took a selective attention test. The test has 20 blocks (items), with a time limit of 15 seconds for each block. The results of the residual analysis of the RPC were promising and indicated that the studied attention data are not well tted by the RPC model.
A PIECEWISE GROWTH MODEL FOR MODELING THE ACCUMULATED NUMBER OF COVID-19 CASES IN THE CITY OF CAMPO GRANDE
Authors: SARAIVA Erlandson Ferreira , SAUER Leandro , PEREIRA Basílio de Bragança , PEREIRA Carlos Alberto de Bragança
Published: April 2021

In December of 2019, a new coronavirus was discovered in the city of Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization officially named this coronavirus as COVID-19. Since its discovery, the virus has spread rapidly around the world and is currently one of the main health problems, causing an enormous social and economic burden. Due to this, there is a great interest in mathematical models capable of projecting the evolution of the disease in countries, states and/or cities. This interest is mainly due to the fact that the projections may help the government agents in making decisions in relation to the prevention of the disease. By using this argument, the health department of the city (HDC) of Campo Grande asked the UFMS for the development of a mathematical study to project the evolution of the disease in the city. In this paper, we describe a modeling procedure used to fit a piecewise growth model for the accumulated number of cases recorded in the city. From the fitted model, we estimate the date in which the pandemic peak is reached and project the number of patients who will need treatment in intensive care units. Weekly, was sent to HDC a technical report describing the main results.
The Body, the Threshold, and the Cut: The Aesthetics and the Ethics of Measuring in Interactive Media Art
Authors: Tikka Heidi
Published: April 2021

New media artists working on interactive installations often rely on different monitoring techniques, such as variable sensors in the design and the production of responsive environments and objects. In this short commentary, I will inquire into my installation Mother, Child (2011/2000) to address a new media art practice as productive alignment of agencies at the interface. The term body-sensor co-performance is used to foreground both the performative nature and the fundamental integrity of the technology and the body in interactive art. I will suggest that the setting of threshold values for different measuring operations can be understood as the boundary-making process, through which the installation feeds off the embodied liveliness of its audiences for its responsive actions. Drawing on Karen Barad’s work, these thresholds can be thematized as agential cuts. A number of specific examples in using sensors for interactivity are then addressed in order to inquire into the ways in which the questions of ethics and aesthetics entangle in creative and collaborative labors for Mother, Child.
PULL AND BENDING FORCE USING FIBERGLASS WR EPOXY COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND FIBER CARBON EPOXY
Authors: Yudiana Alphario Rachmatino
Published: April 2021

Bending testing is carried out in the lab. Nurtanio Adisutjipto College of Technology Yogyakarta uses the Gotech Testing Machine INC (Universal Testing Machine) UTM testing machine where the results obtained in the test are in the form of a graphic in which the maximum load value, elastic modulus, area, yield point and span have been obtained. From the results of these tests, we can compare the average value of the maximum load and the modulus of elasticity received in each specimen with variations in carbon fiber and WR fiberglass.
IDENTIFICATION OF DAMAGE GEAR LANDING SYSTEM OF CESSNA AIRCRAFT
Authors: Anggoro Annga Ardi
Published: April 2021

Designing a system to identify damage based on damage symptom data, so as to get repair handling in accordance with the procedure using a forward chaining expert system, where the expert system is one of the computer systems that aims to solve problems by imitating the human mindset as an expert applied to one of them. Aircraft components that are frequently maintained and damaged are found, namely the landing gear of the Cessna Grand Caravan C208-B aircraft. In the process of making the damage identification system in this final project, the UML (Unified Modeling Language) modeling paradigm and the PHP programming language are used. From the research results, the landing gear damage identification system of the Cessna Grand Caravan C208-B aircraft using a forward chaining expert system can facilitate the search for damage and handling for users or technicians in dealing with a symptom that occurs in the landing gear of the Cessna Grand Caravan C208-B aircraft
CFM56- 7B TAKE-OFF ENGINE PERFORMANCE WITH THRUST 26300 LB AND 24200 LB
Authors: Hutamadi Joseph Pradana
Published: April 2021

As an one of engine manufacturers, CFM produces CFM56-7B with some thrust rating versions to fulfill market demand. In this case, operator has some considerations in choosing engine which is appropriate with the demand. The engine performance is very important to be considered, especially the engine capabilities when it is being maximally operated in takeoff phase.This research discusses about the CFM56-7B engine takeoff performance comparison between 26300 lbs and 24200 lbs thrust rating configuration. By processing Test Cell Result data using formula in Engine Shop Manual - 003, author did a performance calculation to know how much the difference that happened to both of those thrust rating configuration.
DAMPAK ZONASI TAMAN NASIONAL KEPULAUAN SERIBU TERHADAP STRATEGI NAFKAH NELAYAN
Authors: Fatimah Namiratul
Published: April 2021

Kepulauan Seribu merupakan salah satu Kawasan Taman Nasional dengan peraturan zonasi yang berlaku saat ini pada SK. 386/KSDAE/SET/KSA.0/9/2016. Akibat penetapan menjadi Taman Nasional, nelayan harus melakukan penyesuaian strategi nafkah dan penghidupannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dampak zonasi laut akibat penetapan Taman Nasional terhadap strategi nafkah nelayan. Penelitian ini dialakukan di Pulau Harapan menggunakan metode kuantitatif yang didukung oleh data kualitatif. Responden dari penelitian ini adalah 30 rumah tangga nelayan yang dipilih secara purposif dan dibagi dua kelompok berdasarkan ukuran kapal penangkap ikan. Perubahan zonasi Taman Nasional dikaji dari aspek pemerintahan, kesesuaian pemanfaatan zona, dan rencana pembangunan wilayah. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa setiap kelompok nelayan memiliki strategi nafkah yang berbeda, sebagai akibat dari pemanfataan modal nafkah yang berbeda. Secara umum, nelayan di Pulau Harapan memanfaatkan maksimun modal alam dan minimum modal finansial. Nelayan besar lebih memanfaatkan modal manusia yaitu tenaga kerja aggota rumah tangga dan modal sosial yaitu jaringan dengan ABK dan tengkulak, sedangkan nelayan kecil lebih memanfaatkan modal fisik.

Kata kunci: Modal nafkah, Strategi nafkah, Zonasi Taman Nasional
PERAN GENDER BURUH PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Theresia Hotma Yuli Kasih
Published: April 2021

Kelapa sawit menduduki peringkat pertama sebagai penghasil devisa negara Indonesia terbesar dan merupakan komoditas unggulan di Jawa Barat, dan juga menyerap tenaga kerja laki-laki dan perempuan. Penelitian ini akan menjelaskan situasi dan kondisi buruh laki-laki dan perempuan di tempat kerja dan di rumah tangga. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus di perkebunan kelapa sawit PTPN VIII Kebun Cimulang. Responden pada penelitian terdiri dari 23 orang buruh Pemeliharaan, 18 orang buruh perempuan dan 5 orang buruh laki-laki. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan peran di rumah tangga yaitu beban kerja ganda bagi buruh perempuan berupa pekerjaan publik, domestik, bahkan sampingan. Di tempat kerja, perbedaan peran antara buruh laki-laki dan perempuan terjadi pada kegiatan chemist. Secara garis besar, berdasarkan total pendapatan rumah tangga, sebesar 75% rumah tangga responden termasuk kategori miskin sedangkan 25% lainnya termasuk kategori tidak miskin, jika dibandingkan dengan garis kemiskinan Kabupaten Bogor.

Kata Kunci: Laki-laki, Perempuan, Perkebunan, Rumah tangga
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN AMONIASI JERAMI DI DESA MONTONG ARE KECAMATAN KEDIRI KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT
Authors: Santoso Didik
Published: April 2021

Teknologi pengolahan pakan merupakan dasar teknologiuntuk mengolah limbah pertanian, perkebunan maupun agroindustri dalam pemanfaatannya  sebagai pakan. Pengolahan pakan disini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas, utamanya efektifitas cerna, utamanya untuk ternak ruminansia serta peningkatan kandungan protein bahan.  Beberapa alternatif pengolahan dapat dilakukan secara fisik (pencacahan, penggilingan dan atau pemanasan), kimia (larutan basa dan atau asam kuat), biologis (mikroorganisme atau enzim) maupun gabungannya.  Pengolahan cara fisik dan biologis memerlukan tenaga dan investasi yang cukup tinggi dan dalam skala besar, sering kali menjadi tidak berjalan.   Cara kimia dengan “amoniasi” dirasa merupakan cara yang paling tepat dalam pengolahan ini, karena mudah dilakukan, murah, tidak mencemari lingkungan dan sangat efisien. Pelatihan pembuatan amoniasi jerami dilakukan di Desa Montong Are, Kecamatan Kediri, Kabupaten Lombok Barat bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan teknologi inovasi petani peternak  tentang penggunaan jerami padi sebagai pakan dan bagaimana meningkatkan kualitasnya. Kualitas jerami padi termasuk total nitrogen dan daya cerna dapat ditingkatkan dengan teknologi amoniasi menggunakan urea. Penggunaan urea adalah 4% untuk 100 kg jerami padi atau 4 kg untuk 100 kg jerami padi. Kegiatan ini dilakukan pada hari Kamis, 30 Agustus 2018. Metode yang digunakan adalah instruksi langsung dan praktik kepada petani. Hasil dari kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan para petani telah ditingkatkan dan para petani ingin menerapkan jerami padi yang telah diamoniasi sebagai pakan alternatif untuk ruminansia. Kata kunci: jerami padi, amoniasi urea, kualitas pakan
PENYULUHAN GIZI SEIMBANG KELUARGA MENUJU MASYARAKAT YANG SEHAT DAN CERDAS
Authors: Muliasari Handa -
Published: April 2021

Gizi seimbang merupakan aneka ragam bahan pangan yang mengandung unsur-unsur zat gizi yang diperlukan oleh tubuh, baik kualitas (fungsinya) maupun kuantitas (jumlahnya). Kabupaten Lombok Tengah merupakan salah satu daerah di Nusa Tenggara Barat yang memiliki masalah gizi yang signifikan yaitu berada pada kategori gizi kurang dan buruk, serta cenderung pertumbuhan terganggu akut/kronis. Kegiatan pengabdian berupa penyuluhan gizi seimbang keluarga ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan masyarakat yang sehat dan cerdas dengan pemenuhan gizi seimbang. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan rendahnya status gizi masyarakat, penting untuk dilakukan penyuluhan gizi seimbang keluarga untuk masyarakat khususnya di Desa Bonder Kecamatan Praya Barat Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Penyuluhan gizi yang dilakukan di Dusun Ketawang, Desa Bonder dihadiri oleh 93 warga berbagai usia. Peserta sangat tertarik dengan materi penyuluhan gizi seimbang keluarga karena disajikan sederhana dan menarik oleh ahli gizi dari daerah setempat. Berdasarkan hasil diskusi dan tanya jawab, disimpulkan bahwa masyarakat Dusun Ketawang telah menerima informasi gizi seimbang keluarga dengan baik.Kata Kunci: Penyuluhan, gizi seimbang, Farmasi, Desa Bondir, Praya Barat, Lombok Tengah
Pengelolaan Objek Wisata Pantai Bumbang Berbasis Masyarakat di Desa Mertak Kecamatan Pujut Kabupaten Lombok Tengah
Authors: Aditama Farel Ahadyatulakbar , Husni Syarif
Published: April 2021

Pariwisata Lombok merupakan sebuah potensi besar yang harus di kelola denga maksimal, akan tetapi dalam pengelolaan sering kali terkendala berbagai hal seperti kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat akan potensi pariwisata yang ada dan keterbatasan pengetahuan dalam hal pengelolaan. Kedua hal ini membuat pariwisata yang ada di Desa Mertak kurang berkembang tidak terkecuali Pantai Bumbang. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat adalah melakukan sosialisasi tentang potensi pariwisata desa, pengelolaan wisata, pembuatan awik-awik serta perencanaan pengembangan Kawasan wisata di Desa Mertak. Metode kegiatan pengabdian menggunakan metode sosialisasi, dan metode Focuss Group Discussion (FGD)/Diskusi Kelompok Terarah, yaitu metode dalam pengumpulan data dan informasi mengenai masalah tertentu yang sangat spesifik melalui diskusi kelompok. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatnya pemahaman dan kesadaran masyarakat di Desa Mertak akan pentingnya pengelolaan objek wisata yang mandiri dengan semakin pesatnya perkembangan parawisata yang ada di Lombok, tersusunnya awik-awik untuk pengelolaan objek wisata khususnya Pantai Bumbang dan meningkatnya jumlah fasilitas umum di sekitaran Pantai Bumbang serta terbentuknya perencanaan berupa Grand Design.Kata kunci: strategi, pengembangan, peraturan, pariwisata
PELATIHAN BERBAHASA INGGRIS UNTUK WARGA SEKITAR OBJEK WISATA DESA PASIR PUTIH LOMBOK
Authors: Nurazizah Nurazizah , Teluma Aurelius RL
Published: April 2021

The residents of Pasir Putih village who live on the coast of Selong Belanak depend their livelihood on the work of fishermen and coastal tourism. This beach and village is located on the south coast of the Praya Barat sub-district, Central Lombok Regency, NTB. There are several problems faced by local communities, namely: 1) Low awareness regarding the importance of education, especially English in tourism areas; 2) Weak English language skills in tourism areas with great potential; 3) The community is unable to develop business in the tourism area because of inadequate English language skills; 4) Low community income. For this reason, PKM Pekan Baris formulates alternative solutions as follows: 1) Providing information on the importance of education and improving English language skills; 2) Conducting English language training for the people of Pasir Putih Village, Central Lombok; 3) Providing English-language training with business-oriented material that has been developed, but not developed and new businesses can be developed; 4) Increasing the diversity of businesses by utilizing the opportunities that exist, such as guides, renting surfing equipment and providing surfing training services, souvenir businesses that are the work of local communities. and the effort we form in the sustainability of the program, namely the massage business. The target line for the Week line includes: 1) Establishment of an English language training group in the village of Pasir Putih Selong Belanak; 2) Progress Report and Final Report on PKM Week Line implementation; 3) Scientific articles about the implementation of English language training for residents of the coast of Selong Belanak. The implementation method is carried out by direct training or speaking practice with the distribution of study groups according to age and conversation needs in the coastal area.
TANTANGAN PEMBENTUKAN KELOMPOK USAHA BERSAMA (KUBe) DI DESA JAGO
Authors: Rahayu Ni Ketut Santi , Dharmayani Ni Komang Tri , Nur’afuddin Dewi Fitri , Suprodi Muhammad Suprodi
Published: April 2021

Desa Jago adalah desa yang  terletak di kecamatan Praya, kabupaten Lombok Tengah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Luas wilayah Desa Jago adalah 753 Ha dengan kepadatan penduduk mencapai 15,791 jiwa yang tersebar di 20 Dusun. Mayoritas tingkat pendidikan masyarakat Desa Jago adalah tamat sekolah dasar/sederajat. Desa Jago memiliki ciri khas yang didominasi oleh masyarakat yang bermata pencaharian dengan bertani dan beternak. Warga Desa Jago merupakan warga yang memiliki keterampilan yang cukup baik dalam hal menganyam, membuat kerupuk, membuat cilok, merajut, dan lain sebagainya. Namun, warga Desa Jago memiliki kendala dalam mengasah keterampilan tersebut menjadi suatu usaha dikarenakan kurangnya modal usaha, kurangnya partisipatif masyarakat dalam berusaha, serta kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat dalam hal promosi. Maka perlu dilaksanakan Program Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBe) di Desa Jago dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan atau peningkatan ekonomi yang nantinya berdampak pada menurunnya tingkat kemiskinan. Adapun metode yang dilakukan dalam membentuk KUBe adalah sosialisasi KUBe, sosialisasi pemanfaatan hasil pertanian, pelatihan membuat produk, pembentukan KUBe, penyerahan proposal ke Dinas Sosial. Sosialisasi dan pelatihan dilaksanakan di Kantor Desa dengan peserta berasal dari setiap dusun. Kegiatan pembentukan KUBe ini dilaksanakan dengan metode survey dengan turun langsung ke masyarakat (door to door) dengan acuan Basis Data Terpadu (BDT). Adapun KUBe yang berhasil dibentuk berjumlah 3 yaitu Mele Maju II, Kerupuk Mandiri, dan Mawar Melati.Kata Kunci : Desa Jago, Kelompok Usaha Bersama, Pemanfaatan Hasil Pertanian
OPTIMALISASI POTENSI WISATA SEBAGAI UPAYA PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI DESA PESANGGARAHAN KECAMATAN MONTONG GADING
Authors: Fadjri Muhammad , Pebrianti B. Fitri , Putri Debby Sagita
Published: April 2021

Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) merupakan salah satu bentuk pengabdian mahasiswa perguruan tinggi kepada masyarakat. Mahasiswa terlibat secara aktif dan kreatif melakukan pengembangan terhadap suatu desa lewat pembimbingan, pemberdayaan, juga menyadarkan masyarakat akan potensi desa yang dimiliki. Observasi dilakukan dengan metode: (1) tanya jawab, (2) dokumentasi, dan (3) survey langsung ke lapangan sehingga berdasarkan hasil observasi dapat ditentukan program kerja KKN. Desa Pesanggrahan secara administratif masuk ke wilayah Kecamatan Montong Gading Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Desa Pesanggrahan menjadi desa yang memiliki potensi alam yang mampu dijadikan sebagai objek wisata untuk pengembangan desa. Namun, sampai saat ini masih terdapat objek-objek wisata yang masih terisolasi dan belum diketahui keberadaannya oleh wisatawan salah satunya adalah  Joben Eco Park. Kurangnya promosi yang dilakukan membuat objek wisata Joben Eco Park seperti tenggelam. Program mahasiswa KKN Universitas Mataram Mengenai Program Pemberdayaa Masyarakat terkhusus dibidang wisata di Desa Pesanggrahan melakukan berbagai upaya guna mengembangkan desa wisata Pesanggrahan. Program kerja utama yaitu, renovasi pintu gerbang camping ground yang berlokasi di Joben Eco Park dan pemanfaatan TIK (Penggunaan media sosial sebagai media informasi dan promosi objek wisata Joben Eco Park). Disamping itu, terdapat beberapa program kerja tambahan yaitu: (1) melakukan kerja sama dengan BKKBN mengembangkan kampung KB di Desa Pesanggrahan dengan melakukan pengecatan tembok di sepanjang jalan dan pembuatan plang “Delapan Fungsi Keluarga” di secretariat kampung KB Bunga Anggrek, (2) membersihkan dan memperindah akses menuju Joben Eco Park, (3) pembuatan dan pemasangan papan tanda arah menuju Joben Eco Park, mengadakan kegiatan “Smart House Education” bimbingan belajar dan mengaji, (4) bersama-sama dengan masyarakat melakukan gotong royong pembersihan jalan dan waduk di Desa Pesanggrahan. Oleh karena itu, adanya berbagai program kerja KKN dapat membantu mengembangkan potensi wisata Desa Pesanggrahan.Kata Kunci: Joben Eco Park, Desa Pesanggrahan, KKN
Analysis of numerical instability of centrifugal pumps operational characteristics
Authors: Lipej Andrej
Published: April 2021

In recent years, computational fluid dynamics has been increasingly used in the development of various types of rotating machines. In the case of water turbines and pumps, a large number of researches have been published recently, related to the use of different numerical methods for prediction of efficiency, cavitation characteristics and different dynamic phenomena. For basic analysis an accurate result near the optimal operating regime is sufficient, but for detailed analysis the numerical analyses in the wider field of operating conditions are necessary. Thus, we encounter some otherwise known physical phenomena that occur in the part load and full load regime. In these areas, due to the nature of the flow, various non-stationary phenomena occur that are dominant for such operating regimes. In this paper, the problems that arises if we consider only stationary results and some recommendations to avoid later problems in the operation of centrifugal pumps are presented.
SIFAT-SIFAT DAN KEJADIAN KHUSUS DISTRIBUSI GAMMA
Authors: Warella Royke Yohanes , Wattimanela Henry Junus , Ilwaru Venn Yan Ishak
Published: April 2021

The gamma distribution is one of special continuous random variable distribution with scale parameter  and shape parameter  where  is positive real numbers. On some conditions the gamma distribution astablishes other continuous distributions which are then called special cases of the gamma distribution. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the properties of gamma distribution and the characteristics of the special cases of gamma distribution by analyzed the theories from literatures. The properties of gamma distribution include expectation value, variance, moment generating function, characteristic function, and estimation of gamma distribution parameters with the moment method to earn the special cases of the gamma distribution are Erlang, exponential, chi-square, and beta distributions.
PEMODELAN DINAMIKA VIRUS RUBELLA DENGAN RISIKO SINDROM RUBELLA BAWAAN
Authors: Abadi Abadi , Artiono Rudianto , Prawoto Budi Priyo
Published: April 2021

Rubella is a common cause of childhood rash and fever. It is typically a mild infection but it can be serious condition in pregnant women, as it may cause Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) in the fetus. The study aimed to model and analyze it in order to get picture about the dynamics of the rubella virus transmission. The paper discussed two models of rubella transmission involving child-bearing age women and newly born infants of infected mothers. The models are SEIR-IR without seasonality and SEIR-IR with seasonality. The results from the first model showed that a pitchfork bifurcation occurred in the dynamics of the solution of the system with constant infection rate and the increase of the infection rate value do not make impact to the incidence of rubella among infants. The second model involving seasonality gave interesting dynamics where big seasonality may lead to a more complex dynamics of the solution.
PREDIKSI PELUANG KEMATIAN DAN KELAHIRAN MURNI PENDUDUK KABUPATEN MERAUKE MENGGUNAKAN METODE BIRTH AND DEATH PROCESS
Authors: Riyana Minuk , Welliken K. Marius Agustinus
Published: April 2021

This study aims to estimate the probability of birth and death purely based on gender and population data of Merauke City. The chance of birth and death will be used to estimate the life table of the elderly in a population of the City of Merauke. The method used in this research is the birth and process method. The Birth and death process method which is a Poisson distribution is used to predict the chances of birth and death at time t. If the birth and death process fulfills the linearity requirements, then the processes are called the Yule-Furry process. This research discusses the stochastic process of pure birth-death with two sexes in the Yule-Furry Process. From the data on the population of Merauke district which is divided based on the sex of men and women using the pure birth and death model, the calculation results show that the probability value at the time interval 0 ≤ t <1 hour, at the initial time t = 0, the chance of individual birth at female sex is stationary at a value of 0.1762, while the chance of individual death for female sex is stationary at a value of 0.00154. The odds of birth and death in male individuals are stationary at a value of 0.305034 and 0, 059487.
PENDEKATAN ANALISIS DISKRIMINAN PADA PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Astuti Cindy Cahyaning , Wiguna Akbar , Ariyanti Novia
Published: April 2021

Online learning is solution that implemented in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Since COVID-19 pandemic, the learning process at UMSIDA used 100% online learning with UMSIDA e-learning media.It can accommodate students to carry out distance learning. So far, research has not been carried out readiness of students to take part in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on this, this research focuses on knowing the readiness of students to take online lectures during the COVID-19 pandemic using discriminant analysis. Based on the results of the analysis of the predictor variable, the strongest differentiator is the flexibility of lecture time (X1) because the variable with the largest coefficient. This means that the variable time flexibility (X1) has the strongest dividing power against online learning readiness during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, it also known that according to the student's perspective, the learning media that makes interaction with lecturers the most easy and the learning media that makes it the most easy to understand the material is using video conferencing (Zoom, Google Meet, etc.). On the other hand, choice of the learning system most chosen by students when the COVID-19 pandemic ends is online system 30% and offline 70%.
ANALISIS SURVIVAL UNTUK PARAMETER SKALA DARI DISTRIBUSI WEIBULL MENGGUNAKAN MLE DAN METODE BAYESIAN
Authors: Yanuar Ferra , Wulandari Sisca , Rahmi HG Izzati
Published: April 2021

Modeling of survival data is necessary and important to do. Survival data is generally assumed to have a Weibull distribution. Bayesian approach has been implemented to estimate the parameter in such this survival analysis. This study purposes to compare the performance of the Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian using Invers Gamma as prior conjugate for estimating the survival function of scale parameter of Weibull distribution. The comparisons are made through simulation study. The best performance of both estimators is chosen based on the lowest value of absolute bias and the mean square error. Two different size samples are generated to illustrate the life time data which are used in this study. This study results that maximum likelihood is the best estimator compared to Bayes with Invers Gamma distribution as conjugate prior.
MATRIKS ATAS RING DERET PANGKAT TERGENERALISASI MIRING
Authors: Rugayah Siti , Faisol Ahmad , Fitriani Fitriani
Published: April 2021

Let R be a ring with unit elements,  strictly ordered monoids, and  a monoid homomorphism. Formed , which is a set of all functions from S to R with  are Artin and narrow. With the operation of the sum of functions and convolution multiplication,  is a ring, from now on referred to as the Skew Generalized Power Series Ring (SGPSR). In this paper, the set of all matrices over SGPSR  will be constructed. Furthermore, it will be shown that this set is a ring with the addition and multiplication matrix operations. Moreover, we will construct the ideal of ring matrix over SGPSR and investigate this ideal's properties.
CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS PADA HUBUNGAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN PETANI KOPI PAGARALAM
Authors: Irmeilyana Irmeilyana , Ngudiantoro Ngudiantoro , Rodiah Desty
Published: April 2021

Pagaralam is one of the coffee-producing districts in South Sumatra (Sum-Sel). Pagaralam coffee farming is a hereditary business, where the majority of land processing is still traditional. This is related to working capital and farmers' income. This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the income of Pagaralam coffee farmers by using correspondence analysis. There are 30 variables or factors studied. Each variable is divided into several categories. The categories of each variable are described graphically with the categories of income variable. Primary data were obtained from 196 respondents who were selected based on purposive sampling technique. There are 13 factors that affect the income of respondents, namely: number of dependents, number of trees, age of the trees, number of female workers from outside the family, frequency of fertilization, frequency of herbicide application, production of harvest, production outside of harvest, gross income, minimum price of coffee beans, the maximum price of coffee beans, economic status and land productivity. There are 8 of the 13 factors that predominantly characterize the profile of net income level of Pagaralam coffee farmers.  In general, the factor that must be considered in coffee farming is land productivity which is also related to production costs in land processing and crop production, as well as external factors regarding the market price of coffee.
PERAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFI (SIG) SEBAGAI ALAT ANALISIS DALAM ILMU
Authors: Syaiful Huda Imam Arifa'illah
Published: April 2021

Geographic information systems have an important role in the science of history. Geographic information systems are able to integrate various data in the study of history, combine, analyze, and map the results. This journal aims to examine the role of geographic information systems in geography. The method used is descriptive analysis method. The process of searching, collecting, and analyzing data is done by using literature studies from various reliable sources, such as books, journals, scientific articles, and academic archives and taking data on the distribution of cultural heritage in the City of Jambi. The results of the analysis show that the role of geographic information systems in the history of science as a tool to improve spatial or spatial analysis. in detail, the role of geographic information systems in the study of historical science can 1) provide historical data in a spatial form in maps, such as the map of the distribution of cultural heritage in Jambi City, 2) be able to see the comparison of historical facts from several regions, 3) make it easy to associate and correlating with the surrounding environment, 4) regionalization can be made related to the area of ​​power in the past, 5) makes it easy to answer the question "where" and "why there. And understand the relationship between humans and the environment, and how they affect the dynamics of life in the past. Thus, the role of GIS as an analytical tool in history is very important because it is able to provide data spatially and deepen the analysis of historical data.
NILAI KARAKTER DALAM PARNO ADAT PERNIKAHAN DI KECAMATAN SIULAK KABUPATEN KERINCI
Authors: Zahara Mina
Published: April 2021

Parno merupakan salah satu bentuk sastra lisan, Parno Adat pernikahan yang ada di Kecamatan Siulak berisikan tentang nasehat-nasehat bagaimana seharusnya adab seorang isteri dan suami ketika sudah berumah tangga dan mengajarkan aturan hidup bermasyarakat dengan keluarga pasangan. Parno digunakan dalam budaya masyarakat kerinci dalam kurun waktu yang cukup lama. Salain itu didalam Parno juga terdapat sumbangan berharga dari ajaran Islam dalam melengkapi berbagai aktifitas adat di Kerinci Parno adalah suatu bentuk karya lisan yang lahir dan berkembang dari masyarakat tradisional yang disebarkan dalam bentuk relatif tetap atau dalam bentuk standar disebarkan diantara kolektif tertentu dari waktu yang cukup lama. Nilai-nilai karakter yang terdapat dalam parno adat pernikahan Siulak adalah antara lain tanggungjawab, disiplin, santun, amanah, Percaya diri, kreatif, peduli, mandiri, berpikir kritis dan suka menolong.
MAKAM LEGENDA ORANG KAYO HITAM: SEBUAH ANALISIS HISTORIS
Authors: Ikhwan Mhd , Anggela Foni Refika
Published: April 2021

This article aims to describe the historical facts found in the legendary tomb of the Orang kayo hitam. The inscription begins with a brief history of Legend of the Orang kayo hitam then followed by the exposure of research results in the Tomb of legend Orang kayo hitam located in the village of Simpang Berbak District Tanjung Jabung Timur. The methods of study used are qualitative methods with data collection techniques in the form of observations, interviews, and documentation. Researchers conducted interviews in-depth with the tombs of the tomb of the Orang kayo hitam and the pilgrims who were dating to make a pilgrimage to the tomb. The results of this study include the history of the Orang kayo hitam, the hereditary lineage of the Orang kayo hitam, the love story of the Orang kayo hitam with the Princess Mayang mangurai, Keris Siginjai and the Orang kayo hitam, the Invisible Kingdom of the Orang kayo hitam, know the tomb of the Orang kayo hitam, Myths and traditions in the tomb of the Orang kayo hitam, the invention of the tomb of the Orang kayo hitam.
STRATEGIES IN IMPROVING READING SKILLS OF UNIVERSITY ENGLISH LEARNERS
Authors: Alfian Alfian
Published: April 2021

Studies on language learning strategies (LLS) have been conducted elsewhere in the world, however, there were very limited studies on student learning strategies in improving reading skills. Therefore, this study is aimed to identify the strategies used in improving reading skills. This case study was conducted by distributing questionaire involving 200 English Education and English Literature students as the sample of this study. The finding of this study demonstrated that the respondent use the LLS, such as memory, metacognitve, compensation, cognitive, affective, and social in improving reading skill. However, most of respondents reported to use metacognitive strategy at the most. The results also indicated that there are five most and five least strategies used by the respondents. This research is very useful as a reference in the framework of developing strategies for reading in tertiary institutions.
PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS SOSIAL DAN BUDAYA
Authors: Prihartini Yogia , Buska Wahyudi
Published: April 2021

Pembelajaran merupakan suatu proses pembudayaan, dalam arti pembelajaran menjadi wahana untuk terjadinya penyampaian budaya ilmiah dan budaya kehidupan bangsa kepada siswa sebagai generasi penerus, terjadinya adopsi budaya ilmiah dan budaya kehidupan komunitas oleh siswa, serta pengembangan budaya dalam suatu komunitas. Namun, pembelajaran sendiri memiliki budaya – tradisi, asumsi, kaidah ilmiah, dll. yang menjadikan pembelajaran sebagai suatu sistem budaya tersendiri. Dari masa ke masa budaya pembelajaran mengalami perubahan, seiring dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, kemajuan teknologi, dan beragam kebutuhan masyarakat. Dan masyarakat adalah kumpulan individu yang mengatur diri mereka menjadi kelompok tertentu. Untuk menjadi sebuah komunitas, kelompok tertentu harus memiliki kesamaan yang memungkinkan mereka untuk merasakan satu sama lain berbeda dari "kesamaan" mereka sendiri dan lainnya yang pada akhirnya membentuk budaya. Budaya adalah semacam perekat sosial (social cement) yang terdiri dari kebiasaan khas seperti, prinsip, cita-cita, sikap, kepercayaan dan cara berpikir. Jadi jelas perbedaan antara masyarakat dan budaya. Tanpa budaya tidak ada masyarakat, tidak ada komunitas tidak ada budaya
Terapeuttista lukemistyötä Ruotsin malliin
Authors: Kosonen Päivi
Published: April 2021

Cecilia Pettersson: Biblioterapi. Hälsofrämjande läsning i teori och praktik. Stockholm: Appell Förlag, 2020, 231 s.
Oiva työkalupakki nuorille klassikoiden selättämiseen
Authors: Heikkilä-Halttunen Päivi
Published: April 2021

Maria Laakso: Taltuta klassikko! Kuvittanut Johanna Rojola. Helsinki: Tammi, 2019, 216 s.
Poetiikka keskitason teoriana
Authors: Isomaa Saija
Published: April 2021

Tarkastelen modernissa kirjallisuudentutkimuksessa luotuja tapoja ymmärtää poetiikan tutkimuksen luonne sekä erittelen niitä suhteessa tieteenteoriassa tehtyyn erontekoon korkean tason ja keskitason teorian välillä. Poetiikan tutkimuksella viitataan yleisesti kirjallisuuden keinojen, konventioiden ja lajien historialliseen tai synkroniseen tutkimukseen, eli se sulkee sisäänsä esimerkiksi narratologian, lajitutkimuksen ja lyriikantutkimuksen. Käsite on keskeinen 1800-luvun puolivälin jälkeisessä modernissa kirjallisuudentutkimuksessa, sillä kirjallisuustieteen on jopa väitetty samastuvan poetiikan tutkimukseen ja muiden tieteiden näkökulmasta tehty tutkimus on suljettu kirjallisuudentutkimuksen ulkopuolelle. Tieteenteoreettisesti katsoen poetiikka ei kuitenkaan ole niin sanottua korkean tason teoriaa, vaan keskitason teoriaa, jonka päämääränä on aineistolähtöinen teorianmuodostus. Tällaisena poetiikka eroaa esimerkiksi tieteidenvälisistä kulttuuriteorioista, jotka ovat korkean tason teorioita: ne ovat spekulatiivisia eivätkä useinkaan ole syntyneet kirjallisuuden ilmiökentän tarkastelusta.

Tarkastelen kolmen keskeisen poetiikan koulukunnan, venäläisen formalismin, ranskalaisen strukturalismin ja Tel Avivin koulukunnan, teoreetikoiden näkemyksiä ja arvioin heidän luomiensa tutkimuskäytäntöjen luonnetta. Etenen sitten Brian McHalen artikkeliin ”Whatever Happened to Descriptive Poetics” (1994) ja kontekstoin hänen näkemyksiään tieteenteoreettiseen keskusteluun keskitason teorioista. Päätän artikkelini pohtimalla poetiikan ja tulkinnan suhdetta tekstianalyysin näkökulmasta, sillä poetiikka ja hermeneutiikka on perinteisesti nähty toisilleen vastakkaisina tutkimuksen päämäärinä mutta ne yhdistyvät tekstianalyysissä.
Relationship of Juvenile Diabetic Retinopathy with Thyropathies, Lipid Exchange and Melatonin Production
Authors: Nedzvetska O. V. , Javtushenko L. A. , Chumak S. O. , Kuzmina de Gutarra O. V. , Turchina S. I. , Vorontsova N. M.
Published: April 2021

Progression of diabetic retinopathy is associated with a large number of risk factors, and hyperlipidemia is one of the most common. The work is focused on peculiarities of the progression of juvenile diabetic retinopathy (JDR), depending on the presence of concomitant distyroidism in patients with juvenile diabetes mellitus (JDM), the state of lipid metabolism and melatonin production. The aim. To determine the features of the JDR progression depending on the type of concomitant dysthyroidism, the state of lipid metabolism and production of the hormone melatonin. Materials and methods. The examination of three groups of patients was carried out: group 1 (152 patients) included patients in whom JDM proceeded without thyropathy; group 2 (99 patients) included patients with JDM in combination with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT); group 3 (111 patients) included patients in whom JDM was accompanied by an increased level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Results. It was found that the frequency of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in the group with JCD and elevated TSH (21.6%) was 2.7 times higher than the frequency of PDR in the group with JDM and AIT (8.1%) and 3.7 times exceeded the frequency of PDD in JDM without distyroidism (5.9%). The greatest violations of all links of lipid metabolism were found in patients with JDM with an increased level of TSH, which contributes to a more pronounced progression of JDR than in patients without thyropathy or concomitant AIT. The average daily excretion of the hormone melatonin (M) among the studied groups was the lowest in patients with PDD with JCD in combination with increased TSH (38.4 ± 2.7 nmol/day) compared with patients with PDD with JCD without thyropathy (48.3 ± 3.8 nmol/day; p <0.01) and with AIT (42.5 ± 5.6 nmol/day; p <0.01), and compared with the control indicator (52.7 ± 5.8 nmol/day; p <0.001). Conclusions. Based on the results obtained it can be concluded that the combination of type 1 JDM with elevated TSH is accompanied by significant disorders of lipid metabolism and melatonin production and this is a risk factor for accelerated progression of JDR. Keywords: juvenile diabetic retinopathy, thyropathy, melatonin production, lipid metabolism.
Our Experience in the Treatment of Bacterial Keratitis
Authors: Sakovych V. M. , Aleksieieva O. V.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. In recent years, the emergence of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics used in medical practice significantly reduced the effectiveness of chemoprophylaxis and therapy. Following data indicates the need to search for new antibacterial drugs and ways of treating patients with bacterial keratitis. The aim of research is improvement of clinical parameters in patients with bacterial keratitis using hyperbaric oxygenation. Materials and Methods. We observed 68 patients (68 eyes) with bacterial keratitis aged 18 to 75 years. There were 36 men and 32 women. The patients were divided into 2 groups: main group (38 patients) and control group (30 patients). All the patients received antibiotic therapy, mydriatics, tissue-based products, vitamins. In addition, patients of the main group underwent hyperbaric oxygenation. The severity of the inﬂammatory response was evaluated using objective indicators: the presence and type of discharge into the conjunctival cavity, the severity of the mixed injection, corneal edema, the degree of inﬂammatory infiltration of the surface layers of the cornea. Results. The changes of clinical parameters in patients of the main and control groups were evaluated and scored (conjunctival discharge in the cavity, the severity of the mixed injection, corneal edema and inﬂammatory infiltration). The therapy contributed to faster disappearance of discharge into the conjunctival cavity and mixed injection, regression of edema, resorption of infiltrates (p <0.001). Conclusions. Hyperbaric oxygenation in comprehensive treatment of patients with bacterial keratitis is highly efficient, provides stable clinical and functional results in the main group compared with the control group. Keywords: bacterial keratitis, hyperbaric oxygenation, comprehensive treatment, clinical parameters in points.
Corneal Sensitivity in Bacterial Keratitis Patients with or without Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Zavoloka O. V.
Published: April 2021

The aim. To identify the features of corneal sensitivity of the sick and the fellow eye in bacterial keratitis patients with or without diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. The analysis was performed on the basis of survey data of 62 type 1 diabetes patients with bacterial keratitis and 43 nondiabetic control patients with bacterial keratitis. The examination was performed at the first visit. In addition to standard ophthalmic examination, the patients underwent ﬂuorescein test, OCT of the anterior segment of the eye, non-contact corneal aesthesiometry. Results and discussion. The average corneal sensitivity threshold in diabetic patients with bacterial keratitis at the first visit at all air ﬂow temperatures exceeded the corresponding indicators in nondiabetic patients of the control group: by 33.5% at an air temperature of 5 °C, by 30.6% at 15 °C, by 28.8% at 20 °C, by 27% at 30 °C, and by 26.1% at 40 °C (p<0.05). The average corneal sensitivity threshold at a temperature of 20 °C in the fellow eye in diabetic patients with bacterial keratitis exceeded that in nondiabetic patients with bacterial keratitis of the control group by 32.9 % (p<0.05). Conclusions. Corneal sensitivity of the sick and fellow eye in patients with bacterial keratitis depends on the presence of diabetes mellitus. The average threshold of corneal sensitivity of the sick and fellow eye in diabetic patients with bacterial keratitis at the first visit exceeds the corresponding values in nondiabetic patients with bacterial keratitis. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, bacterial keratitis, corneal sensitivity.