bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integration of point-of-care ultrasound in a nurse practitioner–led heart failure clinic
Authors: Craigo Christina Light , Brown Theresa , Kedan Ilan , Koniak-Griffin Deborah , DeVon Holli A.
Published: November 2024

Background:

Despite improved survival, one in five patients with heart failure (HF) is readmitted within 30 days of discharge. Assessing fluid status is challenging, with an estimated 50% accuracy when relying on physical examination alone. Pulmonary congestion is a risk factor for readmission and can manifest weeks before symptoms occur.

Purpose:

To conduct a pilot study to assess for pleural effusion with point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) and to evaluate inferior vena cava (IVC) noncollapsibility as a marker of volume status.

Methods:

A convenience sample of adults with HF (n = 21) were seen in a nurse practitioner (NP)-led postdischarge clinic within 12 days of hospitalization. The setting was a large tertiary care hospital. Inclusion criteria were patients with an HF diagnosis and Medicare insurance. The NP measured IVC diameter, assessed for collapsibility, and examined pleural cavities using a VSCAN POCUS device. Data were analyzed descriptively.

Results:

Pleural effusions were identified in three (14.3%) patients with POCUS and referred for thoracentesis. Inferior vena cava was noncollapsible in 5 (23.8%) patients; each of these patients required intervention for volume overload.

Conclusions:

Point-of-care ultrasound can be used by NPs to identify patients with pleural effusions who may benefit from thoracentesis. Inferior vena cava noncollapsibility may be a predictor for volume overload.

Implications:

Point-of-care ultrasound equips NPs with an extra tool to effectively manage HF.
Triggering type and long-term survival following ST segment elevation-myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Slieman Moaad , Greenberg Inbal , Rozenbaum Zach , Granot Yoav , Shacham Yacov , Zahler David , Konigstein Maayan , Halkin Amir , Banai Shmuel , Ben-Shoshan Jeremy
Published: November 2024

Background

Physical and emotional stress are recognized triggers of acute coronary syndromes, including ST segment elevation-myocardial infarction (STEMI). We have previously shown that identifiable triggers precede symptoms in over one-third of STEMI patients and inversely correlate with the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aims to investigate the association between trigger type (physical vs. emotional) and long-term mortality in STEMI patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

This retrospective, single-center observational study included all patients admitted with an STEMI diagnosis from January 2008 to December 2013. Physical and emotional triggers were identified retrospectively from patient records. Mortality data were obtained from the Israeli Ministry of Health.

Results

Of 1345 consecutive STEMI patients treated with primary PCI, mortality data were available for 1267 patients (median age: 61 years). A trigger preceding symptoms onset was identified in 36.5% of patients, with 85% experiencing physical stress and 15% emotional stress. Triggered STEMI patients tended to be younger with fewer comorbidities and lower incidence of multiple vessel CAD compared with nontriggered patients. Notably, emotionally triggered STEMI patients exhibited improved long-term survival compared with those without emotional triggers or with physical triggers. predictor of enhanced long-term survival post-PCI compared with physical triggering. Emotional triggering was identified as an independent

Conclusion

Patients with emotionally triggered STEMI showed less extensive CAD and improved long-term survival following PCI compared with those with physically triggered STEMI. These findings highlight the importance of considering both the presence and type of trigger in the management of STEMI patients and their long-term prognosis.
The combined internal and external fixation surgery is effective and safe in treating posterior lateral tibial plateau fractures: An observational study
Authors: Guo Yuechao , An Wen , Ma Jialiang , Wang Zhe , Zhang Yujian
Published: November 2024

To investigate the treatment outcomes of combined internal and external fixation surgery for patients with posterior lateral tibial plateau fractures and explore its safety. The study was conducted from February 2020 to February 2023 and included a total of 77 patients with Schatzker IV and Schatzker V type posterior lateral tibial plateau fractures. Patients were divided into control group and treatment group according to different treatment methods: the control group with 38 cases received treatment with dual-support plates, and the study group with 39 cases received treatment with internal fixation using medial plates combined with lateral locking plates. Clinical indicators during treatment, immediate postoperative and 12-month postoperative radiographic indicators, Rasmussen knee joint function scores before and 3 months after surgery, knee joint function recovery, quality of life, and postoperative complications were recorded and compared between the 2 groups. The inter-group comparisons were made for intraoperative blood loss, surgical duration, and the time to start weight-bearing postoperatively (P > .05). The study group had shorter postoperative hospital stays and fracture healing times compared to the control group (P < .05). Immediately postoperatively, the medial tilt angle and posterior tilt angle in both groups were compared (P > .05). At 12 months postoperatively, the medial tilt angle decreased and the posterior tilt angle increased in both groups compared to immediately postoperative values (P < .05), with no significant difference between the groups (P > .05). However, at 3 months postoperatively, the scores for various dimensions in both groups increased compared to preoperative values, and the study group had higher scores than the control group (P < .05). However, at 3 months postoperatively, the quality of life scores were higher than preoperative values in both groups, with the study group having higher scores (P < .05). The occurrence of complications during the treatment period was compared between the 2 groups (P > .05). The medial and lateral combined plate fixation has a good clinical effect in the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures, which can shorten the fracture healing time, help the recovery of knee joint function and improve the quality of life of patients after operation, and has high safety in the treatment process.
Investigating the potential association between micronutrient levels and non-dipper hypertension patterns in the elderly population: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Uçar Ayşenur , Doğrusöz Aynur
Published: November 2024

The goal is to provide foundational data that could spearhead more extensive, prospective research into understanding the influences of micronutrient levels on the nocturnal patterns of hypertension, possibly aiding in identifying potential therapeutic strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk in this demographic. The research employed a retrospective design to analyze the micronutrient levels, including ferritin, folic acid, vitamin B12, and vitamin D, in a limited sample size from a single hospital. However, it is worth noting that the study did not scrutinize other potentially relevant micronutrients and biomarkers and lacked information on potential confounding factors such as lifestyle and dietary habits, physical activity levels, and specific details on antihypertensive medications used. The preliminary findings highlight a significant difference in ferritin levels between dipper and non-dipper groups, indicating a potential role in the development of non-dipper hypertension. Surprisingly, no notable difference was observed in vitamin D levels between the groups. The study underscores the increasing prevalence of hypertension and micronutrient deficiencies as age progresses. Despite its limitations, including limited sample size and potential influences from unaccounted variables, the study hints at a potential relationship between micronutrient levels and non-dipper hypertension. It emphasizes the necessity for larger scale, prospective research to delve deeper into the nature of this relationship, potentially fostering new therapeutic approaches in cardiovascular risk management within the elderly population.
A case of paraprotein-negative POEMS syndrome: Case report and literature review
Authors: Ding Chao , Li Yanqiu
Published: November 2024

Rationale:

POEMS syndrome is a rare monoclonal plasma cell disease. The diagnosis of POEMS requires polyradiculoneuropathy and monoclonal plasma proliferating as 2 mandatory criteria, at least 1 of the major criteria (Castleman disease, elevated vascular endothelial growth factor level, and sclerotic bone lesion), and at least 1 of the minor criteria (organomegaly, extravascular volume overload, endocrinopathy, skin changes, papilledema, and thrombocytosis/polycythemia). This multisystem disorder is of high heterogeneity, and few variants of POEMS with no evidence of monoclonal gammopathy have been described, which further complicates the diagnosis in clinical practice. Now, we report a case of paraprotein-negative POEMS syndrome.

Patients concerns:

A 45-year-old woman complained of lower extremity edema, shortness of breath, abdominal distension, and lymphadenopathy for few years. Finally, she was diagnosed with paraprotein-negative POEMS syndrome. With the lenalidomide-based regimen, the symptoms were all relieved.

Diagnosis:

Paraprotein-negative POEMS syndrome.

Intervention:

Lenalidomide-based regimen and some supportive therapy.

Outcome:

All symptoms were relieved after 1 year of treatment.

Lessons:

Physicians should pay more attention to the POEMS syndrome, especially the POEMS syndrome variants, which are absence of paraprotein; probably, these variants are just “on the way” to classic POEMS syndrome antiplasma cell therapy, which remains the treatment of choice.
Application and research progress of MultiBac: A review
Authors: Feng Zhangyang , Gao Jingjing , Jiang Chunxin , Li Yunsen
Published: November 2024

Background:

Although the traditional Escherichia coli expression system has matured and is cost-effective, the posttranslation modifications of proteins expressed in eukaryotic cells differ significantly from those expressed in E coli. Insect cells have gradually entered the realm of researchers; however, the proteins synthesized by insect cells are somewhat different from those of mammals in terms of modification.

Objective:

Herein, we have introduced a relatively new method. MultiBac, We introduce the development process, characteristics, and applications of MultiBac technology. And provide new methods for basic researchers.

Discussion:

MultiBac has evolved into an indispensable tool in the fields of biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, facilitating the efficient production of recombinant proteins and the study of complex protein complexes. Furthermore, its development has benefited from the integration of synthetic biology techniques, providing additional versatility. But it also has some disadvantages.

Conclusion:

MultiBac technology is poised to become a key tool in unlocking the mysteries of the protein world, propelling the life sciences ever forward. But researchers should consider its limitations when selecting the most appropriate expression system for their specific needs.
The determinants of leptin, angiopoietin like 8, and thyroid hormones levels in Saudi females with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective study
Authors: Binjawhar Dalal , Mohammedsaeed Walaa
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, as measured by hormone levels, in Saudi women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study will also assess thyroid hormones and leptin, angiopoietin like 8 (ANGPTL8), obesity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in T2D patients. A total of 250 women aged 40 to 60 years with T2DM were retrospectively studied between 2021 and 2022. This research examined medical records for T2DM patients. In this investigation, no T2DM patients had thyroid autoantibodies in their medical records. These patients were chosen for their FT4 and TSH values. All participants were Saudi females with T2DM, aged 54.5 years. Of the 250 participants, 32% had hypothyroidism, 14.8% had hyperthyroidism, and 40.8% (102) had no thyroid disease. Hypothyroidism (7.8 ± 0.67 mmol/L) exhibited greater fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels than hyperthyroidism (7.1 ± 0.64 mmol/L) (P < .05). Hypothyroid and hyperthyroid females had significant differences in high density lipoprotein-cholestrol (HDL-C), triglycerides, triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, body mass index (BMI), waist circumstance (WC), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), leptin, ANGPTL8, insulin resistance (IR), and insulin levels (P < .05). Pearson’s correlation test showed that T2DM patients’ HDL-C levels were favorably but negatively correlated with leptin and ANGPTL8 levels. In hypothyroidism, thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH) is favorably linked with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyscride (TG), TyG index, BMI, WC, leptin, ANGPTL8, hs-CRP, and IR. T2DM is linked to thyroid malfunction, notably hypothyroidism, which correlates positively with TSH. TSH variations due to increasing leptin, ANGPTL8, and TyG index may enhance the risk of insulin resistance diseases, such as obesity and CVD, in Saudi females with T2DM.
Plastic bronchitis linked to human bocavirus 1 identified through high-throughput next-generation sequencing: A case report
Authors: Zhang Xiumin , Zhao Jing
Published: November 2024

Background:

Plastic bronchitis (PB) is an uncommon and severe acute respiratory ailment characterized by the formation of casts in the trachea or bronchial tree. Some instances have been linked to human bocavirus (HBoV) infections.

Case presentation:

In this report, we present a case of PB secondary to HBoV1 infection in a previously healthy pediatric patient. A 17-month-old male was admitted due to respiratory distress following 2 days of cough and fever. A preadmission chest X-ray revealed atelectasis of the left lung. Emergency electronic bronchoscopy and foreign body forceps were employed to remove casts, leading to improved breathing. High-throughput next-generation sequencing detected only HBoV1. A subsequent electronic bronchoscopy 2 days later showed no casts.

Conclusions:

PB associated with HBoV1 infection should be considered in children experiencing acute respiratory distress, and a second bronchoscopy intervention may not be necessary in cases related to HBoV1.
Paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with nonhuman papillomavirus–related tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Lu Shih-Chun , Chu Hung-Lun , Yueh Hann-Ziong , Lin Che-Hsuan , Chou Yang
Published: November 2024

Background:

Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is a rare, life-threatening autoimmune bullous disease. Among the ≈500 reported cases of PNP, only 1 case has been associated with tonsillar cancer, specifically, human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive squamous carcinoma. However, the occurrence of PNP in non-HPV–related tonsillar cancer is exceptionally rare and has not been reported to date.

Methods:

We present a 58-year-old male with a history of smoking, who experienced recurrent oral ulcers, right neck swelling, and hoarseness for 5 months. Diagnosis of right tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (cT1N3bM0) was confirmed through computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging and pathology, not associated with HPV. Histological and immunohistochemical findings indicated PNP.

Results:

The patient underwent primary tumor resection and ipsilateral neck dissection. Topical steroids and antifungal agents were administered to manage oral lesions and prevent secondary infections. Adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin proceeded smoothly. Postconcurrent chemoradiotherapy follow-up at 3, 6, and 9 months, utilizing computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging and nasopharyngoscopy, revealed no signs of recurrent cancer or PNP.

Conclusion:

Early indicators, such as oral mucosal ulcers and skin blisters, prompt consideration of underlying oral cancer in PNP. Comprehensive examination is crucial for diagnosing PNP and identifying concurrent internal neoplasms. Effective management includes occult malignancy treatment, postoperative steroid therapy, and infection prevention.
Construction of a prognostic risk model for uveal melanoma based on immune-related long noncoding RNA
Authors: Lin Nengqi , Lv Ruohan , Yang Dongliang , Liu Wei
Published: November 2024

Uveal melanoma (UM) is a common health challenge worldwide as a prevalent intraocular malignancy because of its high mortality rate. However, clinical workers do not have an accurate prognostic tool now. Immune function is closely related to tumor development. Interestingly, researchers have identified that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are tightly associated with biological processes at the cellular level, particularly their involvements in immune response and its regulation of the growth of tumor cells. Hence, lncRNAs may be involved in the progression of uveal melanoma. UM patients’ RNA expression matrices were extracted from TCGA database. The targeted immune genes were filtered by weighted correlation network analysis and the immune-related lncRNAs with a high prognostic relevance were obtained by Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis. Each sample was scored according to those lncRNA expression and divided into high-risk and low-risk group. We confirmed the sensitivity and independence of our risk model compared to the tumor mutation burden score. Finally, we demonstrated the clinical relevance of our model by examining its sensitivity to different drugs. The risk score based on our risk model was significantly independent of other clinical parameters in either univariate (hazard ratio = 109.852 [15.738–766.749], P value < .001) or multivariate (hazard ratio = 114.075 [15.207–855.735], P value < .001) analyses. The ROC curves of this model imply high predictive accuracy for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival (1-year area under the curve [AUC] = 0.849, 3-years AUC = 0.848, and 5-years AUC = 0.761). Our study revealed that immune-related lncRNAs are significant in the clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of UM patients. We successfully constructed a lncRNA-based prognostic risk model which may serve as a future reference for the diagnosis and prognosis of UM. Based on this model we also validated the sensitivity of some cancer drugs, which has implications for the future immunotherapy and drug development.
Causal effects of sepsis on structural changes in cerebral cortex: A Mendelian randomization investigation
Authors: Zhou Dengfeng , Wang Weina , Gu Jiaying , Lu Qiaofa
Published: November 2024

Previous research has shown a strong correlation between sepsis and brain structure. However, whether this relationship represents a causality remains elusive. In this study, we employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to probe the associations of genetically predicted sepsis and sepsis-related death with structural changes in specific brain regions. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for sepsis phenotypes (sepsis and sepsis-related death) were obtained from the IEU OpenGWAS. Correspondingly, GWAS data for brain structural traits (volume of the subcortical structure, cortical thickness, and surface area) were derived from the ENIGMA consortium. Inverse variance weighted was mainly utilized to assess the causal effects, while weighted median and MR-Egger regression served as complementary methods. Sensitivity analyses were implemented with Cochran Q test, MR-Egger regression, and MR-PRESSO. In addition, a reverse MR analysis was carried out to assess the possibility of reverse causation. We identified that genetic liability to sepsis was normally significantly associated with a reduced surface area of the postcentral gyrus (β = −35.5280, SE = 13.7465, P = .0096). The genetic liability to sepsis-related death showed a suggestive positive correlation with the surface area of fusiform gyrus (β = 11.0920, SE = 3.6412, P = .0023) and posterior cingulate gyrus (β = 3.6530, SE = 1.6684, P = .0286), While it presented a suggestive negative correlation with surface area of the caudal middle frontal gyrus (β = −11.4586, SE = 5.1501, P = .0261) and frontal pole (β = −1.0024, SE = 0.4329, P = .0206). We also indicated a possible bidirectional causal association between genetic liability to sepsis-related death and the thickness of the transverse temporal gyrus. Sensitivity analyses verified the robustness of the above associations. These findings suggested that genetically determined liability to sepsis might influence the specific brain structure in a causal way, offering new perspectives to investigate the mechanism of sepsis-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
Rapid bone destruction caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa septic arthritis: A case report
Authors: Yang Sung Cheol , In Yong , AlShammari Saad Mohammed , Kim Man Soo
Published: November 2024

Rationale:

Infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa are strongly associated with poor outcomes, including prolonged hospitalization and an increased risk of mortality. Antimicrobial options for the treatment of severe infections due to MDR P aeruginosa are quite limited, and treatment remains challenging.

Patient concerns:

A 65-year-old woman presented to our orthopedic clinic with a 3-month history of progressive pain and stiffness in her left knee. Her primary care provider administered a hyaluronic acid injection, which unfortunately resulted in worsening symptoms. Subsequent treatment included a 1-month course of intravenous gentamicin and ceftriaxone, which failed to alleviate her symptoms.

Diagnosis:

MDR P aeruginosa septic arthritis of the knee. The culture isolate was tested for susceptibility to multiple antibiotics. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluations were conducted, showing notable erosive and osteolytic changes around the joint surfaces that had progressed significantly.

Interventions:

The patient underwent arthroscopic irrigation and synovectomy. The treatment regimen included a combination of intravenous colistin and piperacillin/tazobactam administered over a 6-week period. Total knee arthroplasty was performed 6 months later without additional antibiotic treatment.

Outcomes:

Patient’s knee condition remained continuously stable without abnormal findings of inflammation. The patient’s knee range of motion increased 0 to 125 degrees, her pain almost disappeared, and she was able to maintain activities of daily life.

Lessons:

This case underscores the challenges of managing infections with MDR organisms in complex clinical scenarios, emphasizing the need for timely intervention and appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Construction of thyroid cancer classification and iodine metabolism related diagnostic model using thyroid differentiation score and bioinformation
Authors: Zhang Qiu-ying , Wang Yan , Zhang Qiang , Huo Da-wei , Li Yue , Gao De , Wang Pan-pan , Yan Hai-chao
Published: November 2024

To more accurately diagnose and treat patients with different subtypes of thyroid cancer, we constructed a diagnostic model related to the iodine metabolism of THCA subtypes. THCA expression profiles, corresponding clinicopathological information, and single-cell RNA-seq were downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases. Genes related to thyroid differentiation score were obtained by GSVA. Through logistic analyses, the diagnostic model was finally constructed. DCA curve, ROC curve, machine learning, and K-M analysis were used to verify the accuracy of the model. qRT-PCR was used to verify the expression of hub genes in vitro. There were 104 crossover genes between different TDS and THCA subtypes. Finally, 5 genes (ABAT, CHEK1, GPX3, NME5, and PRKCQ) that could independently predict the TDS subpopulation were obtained, and a diagnostic model was constructed. ROC, DCA, and RCS curves exhibited that the model has accurate prediction ability. K-M and subgroup analysis results showed that low model scores were strongly associated with poor PFI in THCA patients. The model score was significantly negatively correlated with T cell follicular helper. In addition, the diagnostic model was significantly negatively correlated with immune scores. Finally, the results of qRT-PCR corresponded with bioinformatics results. This diagnostic model has good diagnostic and prognostic value for THCA patients, and can be used as an independent prognostic indicator for THCA patients.
Exploring the lived experiences of women living with HIV in rural Zimbabwe: A qualitative study
Authors: Mpofu Limkile , Ganga-Limando Makombo
Published: November 2024

The study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related stigma and discrimination has been burgeoning with important implications for public health and society, as it negatively impacts people living with HIV. However, data on the experiences of rural women living with HIV/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Zimbabwe are lacking. Women represent 50% of the global pandemic, while deaths from AIDS-related illnesses have exceeded 35 million. This study aimed to explore the experiences of rural women living with HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe. Forty rural women living with HIV were selected from 6 villages (one village per district) of Matabeleland South Province in Zimbabwe. A qualitative descriptive research design using in-depth individual interviews from 22 purposefully selected rural women living with HIV and 3 focus groups, was used to collect the study data. The transcripts of the interviews were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Three interconnected themes were identified: social prejudice, social discrimination, and psychosocial dysfunction. A key finding in the themes was that women living with HIV in rural Zimbabwe were psychosocially dysfunctional because of social prejudice and discrimination perpetrated against them by significant others in their communities. The findings provide a valuable understanding of women’s experiences of living with HIV and AIDS in Africa’s low-income countries. These results can be used by researchers, clinicians, mental health providers, and policymakers to address the unique needs of rural women living with HIV/AIDS.
Efficacy and safety of a Chinese medicine formula Diankuang Mengxing Decoction combined with antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lam Lai Kwan , Poon Lee Yam , Xu Peng-Li , Xie Peng-Cheng , Xie Ting , Xiao Ya , Chen Li-Guo
Published: November 2024

Background:

In patients with schizophrenia, Diankuang Mengxing Decoction with antipsychotics is one of the treatments for it. However, little information is available regarding the difference between the therapeutic effect of Diankuang Mengxing Decoction with antipsychotics and other treatments. Systematic evaluation is conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of Diankuang Mengxing Decoction and other antipsychotics, which are used to treat schizophrenia.

Methods:

We performed a systematic review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023414603). This entailed a computerized search of several research databases from their respective dates of establishment until April 11, 2023, which collected clinical randomized controlled trials of Diankuang Mengxing Decoction combined with antipsychotics. The databases that contributed to this study were PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, EBSCOhost, Cochrane, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Each publication was screened according to defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and appropriate literature was extracted and evaluated for quality, for which meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.

Results:

A literature review of 456 publications resulted in the inclusion of 18 randomized controlled trials with data collected from a total of 1636 patients. Meta-analytical results showed combination with risperidone, olanzapine, chlorpromazine, clozapine, ziprasidone, or aripiprazole increased the overall effectiveness of Diankuang Mengxing Decoction when treating schizophrenia (P < . 00001), among whom olanzapine demonstrated the greatest enhancement (Z = 3.65, odds ratio = 4.26, 95% CI: 1.96–9.28, P = .0003). The 4-week/30-day treatment (P = .0003) and a dosage of 400 mL/d of Diankuang Mengxing Decoction (P = .0004) were more effective. Also, there were widespread reductions to the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total scores, PANSS-positive symptom scores, PANSS-negative symptom scores, general psychopathology scores (P < .05 for all), as well as the incidence of adverse effects (Z = 2.79, odds ratio = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.16–0.73, P = .005) in patients with schizophrenia.

Conclusion:

The combination of Diankuang Mengxing Decoction with different antipsychotics can improve the overall prognosis of patients with schizophrenia; Diankuang Mengxing Decoction combined olanzapine, a dosage of 400 mL/d and a duration of 4 weeks/30 days being the best in this regard, by alleviating the symptoms and diminishing the disorder’s adverse effects. To build on this work, more large-sample, multi-center, and high-quality clinical studies in the future would help to further validate our findings.
Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-assisted treatment of severe airway stenosis due to goiter: Two case reports
Authors: Zhang Shuang-Long , Zheng Wang , Zhang Qi-Feng , Zhao Shi-Lei , Li Gang , Sun Wei , Meng Li-Na , Han Wuyuntana , Yuan Hong-Xun
Published: November 2024

Rationale:

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a critical care intervention that acts as a temporary substitute for the heart and lungs, facilitating adequate tissue perfusion and gas exchange. The 2 primary configurations, veno-arterial and veno-venous ECMO, are tailored to support either the heart and lungs or the lungs alone, respectively.

Patient concerns:

The case report details patients with tumor-induced airway stenosis who encountered limitations with standard treatments, which were either insufficient or carried the risk of severe complications such as hypoxia and asphyxia.

Diagnoses:

Patients were diagnosed with severe airway stenosis caused by goiter, a condition that required innovative treatment approaches to prevent complications during the management process.

Interventions:

Veno-venous ECMO was implemented as a bridging therapy to provide vital respiratory support during the tumor resection procedure. This intervention was crucial in reducing the risks associated with airway edema or tumor rupture.

Outcomes:

With the use of veno-venous ECMO, the patients successfully underwent tumor resection. They were subsequently weaned off the ECMO support, and after a course of treatment, they were discharged in good condition.

Lessons:

The case demonstrates the efficacy of veno-venous ECMO as a bridging therapy for managing severe airway stenosis caused by goiter. Its use facilitated the successful resection of tumors and led to positive patient outcomes, highlighting its potential as a valuable treatment option in similar scenarios.
Prediction of Glioma enhancement pattern using a MRI radiomics-based model
Authors: Wang Wen , Wang Yu , Meng WenYi , Guo ErJia , He HuiShan , Huang GuangLong , He WenLe , Wu YuanKui
Published: November 2024

Contrast-MRI scans carry risks associated with the chemical contrast agents. Accurate prediction of enhancement pattern of gliomas has potential in avoiding contrast agent administration to patients. This study aimed to develop a machine learning radiomics model that can accurately predict enhancement pattern of gliomas based on T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery images. A total of 385 cases of pathologically-proven glioma were retrospectively collected with preoperative magnetic resonance T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery images, which were divided into enhancing and non-enhancing groups. Predictive radiomics models based on machine learning with 6 different classifiers were established in the training cohort (n = 201), and tested both in the internal validation cohort (n = 85) and the external validation cohort (n = 99). Receiver-operator characteristic curve was used to assess the predictive performance of these radiomics models. This study demonstrated that the radiomics model comprising of 15 features using the Gaussian process as a classifier had the highest predictive performance in both the training cohort and the internal validation cohort, with the area under the curve being 0.88 and 0.80, respectively. This model showed an area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 0.81, 0.98, 0.61, 0.82, 0.76 and 0.96, respectively, in the external validation cohort. This study suggests that the T2-FLAIR-based machine learning radiomics model can accurately predict enhancement pattern of glioma.
Depression, anxiety, and stress among vocational college students during the initial stage of post-epidemic era: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Wu Lanhua , Liu Yingling
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of depression, anxiety, and stress among vocational college students. 1255 students participated in the cross-sectional study. The Chinese version of the 21-item the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) was used. Depression was reported in 37.6% of vocational college students, anxiety in 51.6%, and stress in 38.1%. Logistic regression results showed that a higher degree of depression, anxiety, and stress was associated with female, poor and moderate self-rated health status, from other provinces, poor self-rated family financial status and living off campus (P < .05). Junior and from one-parent or parentless family were more likely to experience depression and stress (P < .05). Additionally, the likelihood of having depression was higher in non-only-child students (P < .01) and rural family location was a risk factor for stress (P < .001). A higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was found in vocational college students. Timely and targeted psychological interventions should be taken.
The effect of prone-position ventilatory strategy among neurology patients with SARS-CoV-2: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Li Yinping , Liu Shengyi , Li Jinmei , Feng Ling , Chen Jing
Published: November 2024

Awake-prone position combined with noninvasive ventilation or high-flow nasal cannula ventilation has been shown to be safe in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe ARDS and COVID-19, and may avoid intubation and reduce patient mortality. We conducted a cross-sectional study in a hospital to observe the effect of prone position on neurological patients with SARS-CoV-2. A total of 52 neurological patients with SARS-CoV-2 participated in the survey. Most patients (76.92%) had cerebrovascular disease combined with SARS-CoV-2. After prone position, the oxygen saturation increased by 3.25% ± 3.02%. The number of patients with an oxygen saturation of 95% or more increased by 28.85%. Among the 3 types of neurological diseases, the oxygen saturation improvement values in patients with encephalitis or encephalopathy was the greatest, and cerebrovascular disease was the least. Oxygen saturation improvements did not differ among delivery modes. Prone position nursing can improve the effect of oxygen therapy on patients with neurological diseases combined with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Prone position nursing can slow the need for advanced equipment such as ventilators during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Causal relationships between gut microbiota and depression/anxiety disorders: A 2-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Fan Tianyue , Li Lingxiao , Chen Yi
Published: November 2024

Evidence shows that the composition of the gut microbiota (GM) is associated with depression and anxiety disorders. However, the causal relationship between them remains controversial. To investigate the potential causal relationship between the GM and depression/anxiety disorders and to identify specific bacterial taxa, we conducted a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis on the gut microbiome implicated in depression and anxiety disorders. We incorporated summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the microbiome derived from 7738 individuals in the Dutch Microbiome Project and 18,340 individuals in the MiBioGen consortium as our exposure variable. Concurrently, the GWAS of depression and anxiety disorders was employed as our outcome variable. The principal estimates were procured using the inverse-variance weighted test complemented by 4 robust methods: MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode. In addition, we performed comprehensive sensitivity and directionality analyses. The results showed that 5 bacterial taxa were positively correlated with depression, 6 were negatively correlated; 5 were positively correlated with anxiety disorders, and 11 were negatively correlated. This study provides new insights into the connection between the GM and the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety disorders and offers new perspectives for the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.
Sports tourism downturn: The impact of COVID-19 on Chinese tourism among urban and rural residents under epidemic
Authors: Zhang Ao-Wei , Su Wang , Liu Dongxiao , Sammi Huang Min-Yi , Gong Shijun
Published: November 2024

Background:

China’s sports tourism has seen significant growth since the 2008 Olympics, only to be challenged by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This study aims to assess the impact of the pandemic on China’s tourism and sports tourism, which are highly interrelated.

Method:

Data and materials from 2019 to mid-2023 were systematically collected and analyzed, focusing on seasonal tourism reports published on official local networks in China.

Results:

The study reveals a prepandemic annual tourism consumption of 6.63 trillion CNY, a 52.1% decline during the pandemic, and a postpandemic rebound exceeding pre–coronavirus disease levels.

Conclusion:

The pandemic’s impact was profound, yet the resilience of China’s tourism sector is evident, with a focus on the recovery’s implications for sustainable growth. Despite the pandemic’s disruption, China’s tourism and sports tourism sectors have demonstrated resilience and potential for continued growth, warranting ongoing attention.
Causal link between childhood obesity and adult osteoporosis: An investigation through Mendelian randomization
Authors: Ying Dawen , Ying Minzheng
Published: November 2024

The intricate link between childhood obesity and adult osteoporosis has been a subject of numerous clinical inquiries, yet the genetic underpinnings of this association remain enigmatic. Our research aims to unravel the association between adult osteoporosis and childhood obesity using genome-wide association study data for Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Utilizing a pool of single-nucleotide polymorphism data associated with childhood obesity obtained from a previous genome-wide association study report involving a study population of 13,848 people in Europe, alongside data of adult osteoporosis sourced from Neale Lab (5266 cases and 331,893 controls). Various methods for MR were used in our research, including weighted mode, simple mode, weighted median, MR-Egger, and the inverse-variance weighted (IVW). We also used Cochran Q test of IVW to assess for heterogeneity, MR-Egger intercept and MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) analysis for pleiotropy, and leave-one-out analysis for the result stability. The instrumental variables associated with 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were selected. MR analyses unveiled a noteworthy link between genetically forecasted childhood obesity and the onset of adult osteoporosis based on the odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, and P-value from the results of IVW, MR-Egger, weighted median: simple mode, and weighted mode analyses. No significant heterogeneity was found by the assessment using MR-Egger and IVW. Similarly, there was no indication of pleiotropy based on the MR-PRESSO and MR-Egger analyses. Leave-one-out analysis confirmed the stability of the results. Our research suggests that childhood obesity, as predicted by genetic factors, may pose a significant risk for the development of osteoporosis in adulthood.
Meticulous nursing care for coronary CT angiography: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Dai Dan-dan , Jia Chun-yi , Wang Yi-ning , Ma Jing , Bi Xin-yuan
Published: November 2024

Background:

This study aimed to investigate the effects of meticulous nursing care (MNC) for patients with coronary heart disease undergoing coronary CT angiography (CCTA).

Methods:

We conducted a comprehensive search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wangfang databases from inception to January 1, 2024. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of MNC for CCTA were included. Outcomes assessed included self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), overall satisfaction of nursing care (OSNC), examination time (ET, min), radiation dose received (RDR, mSv), breathing control time (BCT), and heart rate control time (HRCT).The methodological quality of all included RCTs was evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, while statistical analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 software.

Results:

Six eligible trials involving 1064 patients were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed significant differences in SAS (MD = −2.84, 95% CI [−3.31, −2.37], I
2 = 0%, P < .001), SDS (MD = −2.55, 95% CI [−3.51, −1.58], I
2 = 0%, P < .001), OSNC (OR = 3.13, 95% CI [1.59, 6.17], I
2 = 23%, P = .001), BCT (MD = −23.43, 95% CI [−25.07, −21.80], I
2 = 45%, P < .001), HRCT (MD = −20.08, 95% CI [−21.70, −18.46], I
2 = 29%, P < .001), ET (MD = −2.31, 95% CI [−2.56, −2.06], I
2 = 5%, P < .001), and RDR (MD = −2.11, 95% CI [−2.45, −1.77], I
2 = 0%, P < .001).

Conclusion:

MNC may benefit for patients with coronary heart disease undergoing CCTA. Future studies are still needed to warrant the current findings.
Identification and validation of coagulation and fibrinolytic-related diagnostic biomarkers for ulcerative colitis by bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Li Feng-Yun , Wu Xue , Yao Mei-Fang , Zhang Juan , Mo Yuan-Jun
Published: November 2024

Abnormalities in coagulation and fibrinolytic status have been demonstrated to be relevant to inflammatory bowel disease. Nevertheless, there is no study to methodically examine the role of the coagulation and fibrinolysis-related genes in the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC). UC-related datasets (GSE169568 and GSE94648) were originated from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The biomarkers related to coagulation and fibrinolysis were identified through combining differentially expressed analysis and machine learning algorithms. Moreover, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and immune analysis were carried out. A total of 4 biomarkers (MAP2K1, CREBBP, TAF1, and HP) were identified, and biomarkers were markedly enriched in pathways related to immunity, such as T-cell receptor signaling pathway, primary immunodeficiency, chemokine signaling pathway, etc. In total, the infiltrating abundance of 4 immune cells between UC and control was markedly different, namely eosinophils, macrophage M0, resting mast cells, and regulatory T cells. And all biomarkers were significantly relevant to eosinophils. Our findings detected 4 coagulation and fibrinolysis-related biomarkers (MAP2K1, CREBBP, TAF1, and HP) for UC, which contributed to the advancement of UC for further clinical investigation.
Causal relationship between multiple sclerosis and spinal stenosis: Two-sample Mendelian randomization
Authors: Deng Guang-hua
Published: November 2024

To investigate the causal relationship between multiple sclerosis and spinal stenosis using Mendelian randomization (MR). Genetic loci independently associated with multiple sclerosis and spinal stenosis in people of European origin were selected as instrumental variables using pooled data from genome wide association studies (GWAS). Three MR analyses, MR-Egger, Weighted median and inverse variance weighting (IVW), were used to investigate the causal relationship between multiple sclerosis and spinal stenosis. Heterogeneity and multiplicity tests were performed, and sensitivity analyses were performed using the “leave-one-out” method to explore the robustness of the results. The IVW results showed an OR (95% CI) of 1.05 (1.01–1.08), P = .016, indicating a causal relationship between MS and spinal stenosis. And no heterogeneity and multiplicity were found by the test, and sensitivity analysis also showed robust results. In this study, genetic data were analyzed and explored using 2-sample MR analysis, and the results showed a causal relationship between multiple sclerosis and the occurrence of spinal stenosis.
Spotlight on endoplasmic reticulum stress in acute kidney injury: A bibliometric analysis and visualization from 1997 to 2024
Authors: Yang Yuan , Yuan Fang , Xiang Debiao , Wang Pengkai , Yang Rui , Li Xin
Published: November 2024

Background:

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a protective stress response of body and play important role in maintain ER stability. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe syndrome, and the molecular mechanisms of AKI has not been fully elucidated. With an increasing understanding of ER stress, ER stress has been investigated and considered a potential and novel therapeutic target in AKI. This study aims to employ a bibliometric approach to analyze research trends and focal points in ER stress associated with AKI over 3 decades.

Methods:

Data were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection on April 15, 2024. CiteSpace and VOSviewer bibliometric software were mainly used to measure bibliometrics and analyze knowledge graphs to predict the latest research trends in the field.

Results:

There were 452 “ER stress in AKI” articles in the Web of Science Core Collection. According to the report, China and the United States were the leading research drivers in this field. Central South University was the most active academic institution, contributing the most documents. In this field, Dong Zheng was the most prolific author. The American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology was the journal with the most records among all journals. The keywords “NLRP3 inflammasome,” “redox signaling,” and novel forms of cell death such as “ferroptosis” may represent current research trends and directions.

Conclusion:

The bibliometric analysis comprehensively examines the trends and hotspots on “ER stress and AKI.” Studies on AKI related to stress in the ER are still in their infancy. Research should focus on understanding the relationship between ER stress and inflammasome, redox signal pathways and new forms of cell death such as ferroptosis.
The mechanism of perioperative intravenous lidocaine in regulating the inflammatory response: A review
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Bian Qifan , Chen Xiaoqing , Feng Yue , Zhang Lantian , Chen Peng
Published: November 2024

Perioperative inflammatory responses are a series of endogenous immune responses produced by the body following surgical trauma. Excessive inflammatory response weakens the body’s ability to repair surgical trauma and reduces the body’s defense against the invasion of harmful factors, leading to a series of complications, such as infections, pain, and organ damage, which prolong the length of hospitalization and increase the risk of death. Lidocaine is a classical local anesthetic widely used in clinical practice because of its local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic effects. Several recent studies have shown that lidocaine modulates the body’s inflammatory response, and that its anti-inflammatory properties can lead to analgesia, organ protection, and improved postoperative recovery. In this paper, we introduce the mechanism of the modulating effect of lidocaine on the perioperative inflammatory response and its clinical application, to provide a reference for the clinical prevention and treatment of the perioperative inflammatory response.