bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION OF MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF A WORKPLACE TRADE UNION AND THOSE ABOVE AFTER THE AMENDMENTS
Authors: Sierocka Iwona
Published: December 2021

The aim of the contemplation is the issue of trade union activists’ employment protection. Discussing article 32 of the Trade Unions Act, the author focuses on changes introduced in the Act from 5th July 2018. In the article, the author points out the meaning of an employed person, the date by which the trade union must adapt its approach towards matters such as a notice of termination, dissolution of employment or one party changes to provision of employment of trade union’s activists. In the study, the author discusses the legal position of the board members of a trade union at the workplace level an above mentioned in the Act of 2003 about so-called group redundancies. The author indicates the differences between the legal protection of an employed person and a union activist that is employed on other category of employment.
COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS IN THE ANTI-CRISIS SHIELD
Authors: Rutkowska Beata
Published: December 2021

In response to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Anti-Crisis Shield has been enacted, which provides, inter alia, for the possibility to conclude collective agreements introducing economic demurrage, reduced working time, equivalent working time combined with prolongation of the settlement period to 12 months and less favourable conditions of employment of employees than those arising from the employment contracts concluded with them. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the above agreements and to try to assess whether they have been given the correct legal shape.
Słownik jednojęzyczny jako czynnik utrwalający i kształtujący status religii w społeczeństwie. Casus prawosławia w języku greckim
Authors: Gortych-Michalak Karolina
Published: December 2021

Modern Greek dictionaries LKNE (The Institute of Modern Greek Studies, the Manolis Triandafilidis Foundation) and LNEG (Georgios Bambiniotis) are considered canonical. The aim of the analysis is to verify that the meanings of the lemma [orθoδoksía] preserve the status of Orthodox Christianity in Greek society and shape it for the future. Comparisons of dictionary meanings use the lens of semantic-lexical relationships. Analysis of relationships between dictionary meanings and the socio-religious situation considers extra-linguistics factors, including the dictionary users’ profile. Positively verified consistency between the dictionary meaning and the Greek socio-religious situation will mean that the monolingual dictionary preserves and shapes the status of a specific religion in Greek society.
Świadomość językowa, troska o język polski i zainteresowania językoznawcze Elizy Orzeszkowej w świetle jej korespondencji
Authors: Lewaszkiewicz Krystyna , Lewaszkiewicz Tadeusz
Published: December 2021

The raw material for this article came from the nine volume edition of letters written by Orzeszkowa to her friends, acquaintances, publishers etc. The authors reveal and review the authoress’ statements concerning her own literary works and the language used to translate them, while also discussing the meticulousness of proofreaders and Orzeszkowa’s mastery of foreign languages. Other issues include the writer’s attitude to the Russian language, Russian culture and Russification of Poles, her role in defending of the Polish spirit and promoting the Polish language, her opinions on other writers and their language, statements about the Linde dictionary, interests in botanical nomenclature, mentions of north Borderlands Polish dialect, reflections on the correctness of specific language facts, contacts with eminent philologists and linguists.
Językowo-stylistyczna kreacja rodziców w Pamiętniku Wacławy Elizy Orzeszkowej
Authors: Skorupska-Raczyńska Elżbieta
Published: December 2021

Pamiętnik Wacławy by E. Orzeszkowa is a novel presenting the fate of a young woman in a twofold reality: at first, it is assigned to the drawing room and social life; then, in the second stage, to a study. An important role in the linguistic creation of Wacława’s fate is played by the parents: mother – the parlor lady, father – researcher, university professor. The construction of these characters reflects the two different worlds that a young woman explores in order to ultimately choose the latter. The language (style, lexis, syntax) corresponds with the creation of Wacława as a spoiled miss (in the first volume) and a mature young lady (in the second volume).
A FEW REMARKS ON THE APPOINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE ZUS (SOCIAL INSURANCE INSTITUTION)
Authors: Lach Daniel Eryk
Published: December 2021

The subject of the article is to discuss the evolution of legal regulations regarding the appointment of the President of the Social Insurance Institution included in the Act of 13 October 1998 on the social insurance system and an assessment whether an employment relationship is established between ZUS and its President on the basis of the appointment.
Fracture toughness of ABS additively manufactured by FDM process
Authors: Aourik O. , Othmani M. , Saadouki, B. , Abouzaid Kh. , Chouaf A.
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The purpose on this article is to study the failure of FDM printed ABS by exhibiting an exhaustive crack growth analysis mainly based on raster angle parameter.
Design/methodology/approach: Two approaches have been developed in this study; On one hand, mechanical experiments were carried out to determine the critical stress intensity factor KIC. On the other hand, numerical analysis was used to predict the paths within the part as well as the crack propagation.
Findings: This work has clearly shown the effect of raster angle on the damage mechanism of the ABS printed by FDM. Indeed, for the combination 1 (0°/90°), the structure presents an important stiffness and a high degree of stress distribution symmetry with respect to the notch. Moreover, the crack propagation is regular and straight, and the damage surfaces are on the same plane. However, for the combination 2 (-45°/45°), the structure is less resistant with an asymmetrical stress distribution according to two different planes.
Research limitations/implications: In order to present an exhaustive study, we focused on the effect of two raster angles (including 0°/90°, -45°/45°) on the ABS crack propagation, additively manufactured. This study is still in progress for other raster angles, and will be developed from a design of experiments (DoE) design that incorporates all relevant factors. To highlight more the cracking mechanisms, microscopic observations will be developed in more depth.
Practical implications: Our analysis can be used as a decision aid in the design of FDM parts. Indeed, we can choose the raster angle that would ensure the desired crack propagation resistance for a functional part.
Originality/value: In this article, we have analyzed the mechanism of damage and crack propagation. This topic represents a new orientation for many research papers. For our study, we accompanied our experimental approach with an original numerical approach. In this numerical approach, we were able to mesh distinctly raster by raster for all layers.
Simulation of Rainwater Harvesting Potential to Satisfy Domestic Water Demand Based on Observed Precipitation Data in Jakarta
Authors: Virgianto Rista Hernandi , Kartika Qurrata Ayun
Published: December 2021

Jakarta as the most populous urban center of Indonesia has a major problem related to clean water availability for the domestic needs of its residents, who mostly depend on the extraction of groundwater. The rooftop rainwater harvesting (RRWH) system is a solution to reduce the use of groundwater to satisfy domestic water needs. This study used demographic data and precipitation observation data from the rain gauge network in Jakarta to simulate the water supply from rainwater harvesting from 2010 to 2019 in each municipality. Three simulations were carried out to calculate the percentage of domestic water demand (DS) satisfied by RRWH based on the proportion of residential areas installed with RRWH (RA). The results showed that an RA value of 0.2 produced the lowest DS (approximately 11% to 18.7%), while an RA value of 0.3 produced a higher DS (approximately 16.3% to 28%). An RA value of 0.4 resulted in a DS of around 21.8% to 37.4%. Overall, the RRWH system could provide up to 30% of domestic water demand on average, with South Jakarta having the highest fulfillment of water needs with an average of 28% based on the three simulations, while Central Jakarta had the lowest with 16.4%.
Comparing the Cataloguing of Indigenous Scholarships: First Steps and Finding
Authors: Lee Tamara , Dupont Sarah , Bullard Julia
Published: December 2021

This paper provides an analysis of data collected on the continued prevalence of outdated, marginalizing terms in contemporary cataloguing practices, stemming from the Library of Congress Subject Heading term “Indians” and all its related terms. Using Manitoba Archival Information Network’s (MAIN) list of current LCSH and recommended alternatives as a foundation, we built a dataset from titles published in the last five years. We show a wide distribution of LCSH used to catalogue fiction and non-fiction, with outdated but recognized terms like “Indians of North America-History” appearing the most frequently and ambiguous and offensive terms like “Indian gays” appearing throughout the dataset. We discuss two primary problems with the continued use of current LCSH terms: their ambiguity limits the effectiveness of an institution’s catalog, and they do not reflect the way Indigenous Peoples, Nations, and communities in North America prefer to represent themselves as individuals and collectives. These findings support those of parallel scholarship on knowl­edge organization practices for works on Indigenous topics and provide a foundation for further work.
Kan Kültürlerinde Üretilen Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi Hastalarında Candida Epidemiyolojisi ve Antifungal Direnç Değişiminin İncelenmesi, 2015-2019
Authors: ŞANLI Kamuran , MART KÖMÜRCÜ Selen Z. , ŞAHİN Ayça Sultan
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı, 2015-2019 yılları arasında, yoğun bakım ünitesi (YBÜ) hastalarında Candida enfeksiyonlarının görülme sıklığının, antifungal direncinin ve 5 yıl içindeki antifungal direnç değişiminin değerlendirilmesidir.

Yöntemler: Kan kültürlerinden izole edilen 402 candida izolatının retrospektif olarak incelendiği araştırma Ocak 2015-Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nde gerçekleştirildi. Mikroorganizmaların tanımlanmasından sonra Candida tespit edilen izolatların, antifungal duyarlılık kartları kullanılarak, amfoterisin B, kaspofungin, flukonazol, flusitozin mikafungin ve vorikonazole karşı duyarlılıkları araştırıldı. Sonuçlar, Clinical Laboratory Standarts Institute (CLSI) kılavuzlarında antifungal ajanlar için belirlenen eşik değerlere göre değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Araştırmada, en sık rastlanan üç kandida suşu C. albicans (%39,3), C. parapsilosis (%31,3) ve C. tropicalis (%10,2) idi. Yıllara göre antifungal direnç oranları değerlendirildiğinde, beş yıl için antifungal direnç gelişme sıklığı en fazla flukonazolde idi. En sık duyarlılık gösterilen antifungal ise yıllara göre değişkenlik gösterdi. Beş yıl genelinde en yüksek oranda duyarlılık gösterilen antifungal kaspofungin, en yüksek oranda direnç geliştirilen antifungal ise flukonazoldü. Beş yıllık zaman diliminde amfoterisin-B (p=0,651), kaspofungin (p=0,579), flukonazol (p=0,344), flusitozin (p=0,356), mikafungin (p=0,402) ve vorikonazole (p=0,384) gelişen direncin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değişim göstermediği bulundu. C. albicans’ın flukonazol (%1,9), mikafungin (%0,6) ve vorikonazol’e (%3,8) karşı direnç gösterdiği saptandı. C. parapsilosis’in flusitozin dışındaki tüm antifungallere değişen oranlarda direnç gösterdiği bulundu. C. glabrata’nın kaspofungin (%3,6), flukonazol (%7,1) ve vorikonazole (%7,7), C. tropicalis’in flukonazol (%4,9), mikafungin (%4,9) ve vorikonazole (%2,6) karşı direnç gösterdiği saptandı.

Sonuçlar: YBÜ’de karşılaşılan Candideminin en sık nedenleri C.albicans iken, nonalbicans türlerinin toplamı C. albicans’ dan fazla idi. Antifungaller içinde en fazla direnç flukonazol iken, beş yıllık zaman dilimi sonrası antifungal direnç oranları anlamlı değişim göstermediği görüldü. Ampirk tedavide sık kullanılan flukonazol direncindeki artış ise antifungal duyarlılık testlerinin önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Yoğun bakım ünitesindeki hastaların kandidemi nedenleri ve antifungal direnç oranlarının zaman içindeki seyrini araştıran daha kapsamlı prospektif araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Asemptomatik Diabetes Mellituslu Hastalarda Diabetes Mellitus Süresi İle Koroner Flow Reserve (Cfr) Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: SARIKAYA Remzi , KÜMET Ömer , ENGİN Berat , ŞİT Ömer , PANÇ Cafer , ERDOĞAN Onur , OFLAZ Hüseyin
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Çalışmamızda, asemptomatik diyabetik hastalarda diyabet süresinin artması ile gelişen koroner arter hasarının, non-invaziv, tekrarlanabilir ve basit bir yöntem olan koroner akım rezervi (CFR) ölçüm sonuçlarıyla kıyaslanması amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntemler: Çalışmaya bilinen koroner arter hastalığı öyküsü olmayan, bağımsız hekimler tarafından çeşitli endikasyonlarla koroner anjiyografi yapılması planlanmış 83 diyabetik ve 31 diyabetik olmayan, ardışık 114 hasta alındı. Tüm hastalarda koroner anjiyografi öncesi transtorasik ekokardiyografi (TTE) ile koroner akım rezervleri hesaplandı.

Bulgular: Diyabetik hastalarda koroner akım rezervi (CFR) değerlerinin diyabetik olmayanlara göre anlamlı ölçüde düşük olduğu görüldü (1.74 + 0.33 / 2.41 + 0.40, p
Changes in medical oncology practice due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey, and the risk of neglect of cancer patients
Authors: ORUC Zeynep , KAPLAN Muhammet Ali , ISİKDOGAN Abdurrahman
Published: December 2021

Cancer patients are among patient groups most affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. During the COVID-19 pandemic, rearrangement of oncological services and adaptation to the pandemic process has become mandatory. In this review, we mentioned the changes in medical oncology practice and adaptive treatment modifications. COVID-19 infection will continue to affect and change the practice of oncology unless the COVID-19 outbreak ends.
Graves hastalığı cerrahisinde güncel yaklaşımlar
Authors: ACAR Hasan Zafer
Published: December 2021

Graves hastalığı cerrahisi; diğer tiroidektomilere göre önemli farklılıklar gösterir.

Graves hastalığı vakalarında morbidite ve mortalite oranlarını azaltmak ve uygun maliyetli bir tedavi yöntemi seçmek için; cerrahi endikasyonları doğru belirlemek, hastaları ötiroid yapmak için uygun yöntemi seçmek, yapılacak operasyonlarda uygun anestezi yöntemini belirlemek, ameliyatlarda ortaya çıkabilecek komplikasyonları önceden tahmin etmek gerekir. Bu amaçla bu konularda son zamanlarda yapılan çalışmalar gözden geçirilmiş, sonuçlar birbirleri ile karşılaştırılmış, değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.

Graves hastalığı cerrahisi ile ilgili son yıllarda yapılan çalışmaların sonuçlarına göre; a. Bu olgularda bulunan yandaş nodüllerde kanser riskinin fazla olması, b. RAI ile tedavi edilen olgularda, cerrahi olarak tedavi edilen olgulara göre kardiyovasküler nedenlerle mortalite oranlarının daha yüksek olması, c. Cerrahi yöntemle tedavi edilen olgularda diğer yöntemlere göre nüks oranlarının daha düşük görülmesi, d. Cerrahi olarak tedavi edilen olgularda diğer yöntemlere göre oftalmopatinin daha iyi tedavi edilebilmesi, e. Cerrahi yöntemle tedavinin diğer yöntemlere göre maliyetlerinin daha düşük olması nedeniyle; bu olgularda cerrahi tedavi öncelikle tercih edilmelidir.

Graves hastalığı nedeniyle ameliyat olacak hastalara ameliyat öncesi hazırlıkta, diğer hazırlık protokollerine dirençli durumlarda; plazmoferez yöntemi güvenle uygulanabilir. Postoperatif dönemde nüks eden toksik guatr olgularında kanda anti-apoptotik protein Bcl-2, proliferasyon belirteci Ki-67, vasküler faktörler (FGF, VEGF) ve CD34 ekspresyonunun arttığı tespit edilebilir. Çocuk Graves hastalığı olgularında cerrahi endikasyonda; tirotiropin reseptör düzeyleri ölçümünün önemli bir gösterge olabileceği görülmüştür. Medikal tedaviye dirençli çocuk Graves olgularında RAI nin uzun süreçte malignite ortaya çıkma riskini artırabileceği düşüncesiyle öncelikle cerrahi tedavinin tercih edilmesi gereklidir. Toksik guatra bağlı oftalmopatilerde ameliyat yönteminin seçiminde Cheng tarafından geliştirilen algoritmanın kullanılmasının faydalı olabileceği bildirilmiştir. Toksik guatrlarda lokal rejyonal anestezi altında acil tiroidektomi yapıldığında morbidite ve mortalite oranlarının daha düşük olabileceği ortaya konulmuştur.
Multispecies curiosities and ethnographies
Authors: Bollettin Paride
Published: December 2021

Příspěvek popisuje vznik vícedruhové etnografie jako formy znásobení zkušeností a popisů za hranicemi lidského druhu. Navzdory tomu, že definice vícedruhovosti je poměrně nedávná, autor v článku tvrdí, že zájem o začlenění jiných než lidských bytostí do etnografického úsilí se datuje již od počátku disciplíny. Příkladem tohoto zájmu je text The American Beaver and His Works (Americký bobr a jeho práce) napsaný roku 1868 Henrym Morganem, v němž autor tato zvířata účinně zařazuje do své etnografie. Článek pojednává o tom, že vícedruhový přístup může podpořit předefinování hlavních rysů etnografického výzkumu.
GROWTH: Functional Data Analysis of the human height postnatal growth in an on-line application
Authors: Klíma Ondřej , Čuta Martin , Polcerová Lenka , Zemčík Pavel , Škultétyová Anna , Černý Dominik , Králík Miroslav
Published: December 2021

Sledování individuálního růstu je v pediatrické praxi vyžadováno denně a často je doprovázeno potřebou podrobnějších analýz. Analýzu lidského růstu potřebují také sportovní antropologové a výzkumníci v oblasti biologie člověka. Přínosem by tedy byla pokročilá a zároveň snadno použitelná a bezplatná aplikace, která by pediatrům, auxologům a výzkumným pracovníkům v oblasti biologie člověka umožňovala provádět hloubkovou analýzu postnatálního růstu. Aplikace GROWTH byla vyvinuta na základě pochopení biologických procesů lidského růstu a matematických přístupů, které poskytují nejvhodnější model pro individuální (longitudinální) empirická data. Aplikace je navržena tak, aby ji bylo možné používat v každodenní pediatrické praxi. Poskytuje lékařům nástroje pro sledování růstu, předpovídání dosažené výšky a diagnostiku patologických růstových vzorců. Pokročilá analýza zahrnuje odhad časování hlavních růstových milníků. Současná verze je vyvrcholením několikastupňového vývoje aplikace a je založena na metodě FPCA (funkční analýza hlavních komponent) s numerickou optimalizací. Výstupní parametry jsou snadno použitelné a zobrazují se numericky i graficky.
Integration of Art-Based Research in Design Curricula
Authors: Paez Roger , Valtchanova Manuela
Published: December 2021

This paper focuses on the use of art-based research to enrich active methodologies in design curricula. Based on the analysis of two case studies, it argues the need to further explore a hybridisation of methodologies and disciplines to foster disruptive and innovative design practices within academic programmes in the expanded architectural field. The case studies articulate temporary spatial design with artistic practices through a radical approach to materiality, which is posited as the starting point for each project. Rather than seeing materiality as a second-tier decision addressed after a design concept has been formulated, materials are tackled directly, and the working process then defines the design concept and its detailed resolution. A crucial result of the case studies is the active enactment of new forms of authorship, straddling the space between the autarkic author of post-romantic models and the dissolution of authorship of some contemporary collaborative models.

Este artículo se centra en el uso de la investigación basada en el arte para enriquecer metodologías activas en planes de estudio de diseño. Basado en el análisis de dos casos de estudio, argumenta la necesidad de explorar una hibridación de metodologías y disciplinas para fomentar prácticas de diseño disruptivas e innovadoras dentro de los programas académicos en el campo de la arquitectura expandida. Los casos de estudio articulan la arquitectura efímera con prácticas artísticas a través de un enfoque radical sobre la materialidad, que se plantea como el punto de partida de cada proyecto. En lugar de entender la materialidad como una decisión de segundo nivel que se aborda después de haber formulado el concepto de proyecto, ésta se aborda directamente para definir el concepto de diseño y su resolución detallada. Un resultado relevante de los casos de estudio es la exploración activa de nuevas formas de autoría, a caballo entre el autor autárquico de modelos posrománticos y la disolución de la autoría de algunos modelos colaborativos contemporáneos.
Otras agendas para el estudiante
Authors: Minguito García Ana Patricia
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, architecture has extended its area of influence to an interdisciplinary context, that is much broader than the purely building one. Therefore, it is important to question the professional framework that is transmitted to the student from the teaching perspective, proposing a pedagogical alternative that encourages students to rethink the essence of his/her identity in the field professional context. Results extracted from the application of a teaching methodology based on a professional agenda research, in a postgraduate seminar at a Spanish School of Architecture, state that the architect role most shared by students requires a much more interdisciplinary and, at the same time, limited framework of action. Raising, as a conclusion of the communication, the need to introduce a renewed teaching approach to the profession, taking into consideration the present demand of students for a more detailed professional orientation.

Hoy en día la arquitectura ha extendido su área de influencia a un contexto interdisciplinar mucho más amplio que el puramente edificatorio. Por lo que resulta importante poner en crisis el encuadre profesional que se trasmite al estudiante desde la perspectiva docente, proponiendo una alternativa pedagógica que incite al mismo a replantearse su esencia de identidad de cara al contexto profesional del campo. Los resultados extraídos de la aplicación de una metodología docente —de búsqueda de una agenda profesional—, en un seminario de posgrado de una Escuela de Arquitectura española, sentencian que el rol del arquitecto más compartido por los estudiantes requiere un marco de actuación mucho más interdisciplinar y, a la vez, más acotado. Planteando, como conclusión de la comunicación, la necesidad de introducir un renovado enfoque docente de la profesión, teniendo en consideración la palpable demanda del estudiante de una orientación profesional más pormenorizada.
Actividades de aprendizaje para sesiones prácticas sobre la construcción en arquitectura
Authors: Pons Valladares Oriol
Published: December 2021

At present there are numerous alternatives for practical-professional learning at the university. Choosing the best set of activities for a specific course is a crucial multi-criteria complex problem, which depends on factors related to these alternatives, the parties involved and their context. This article aims to carry out a critical review of the literature on these alternatives to improve a specific course on architecture and its construction. 264 multidisciplinary studies were consulted from the Web of Science database. This review main results are: (a) a classification of practical alternatives applicable to the case study and (b) a list of indicators to evaluate these alternatives. Consequently, a filtered and intentional repository is generated, according to: (1) the teaching contents, (2) Bloom's taxonomy and (3) the appropriate learning method for each case. Future research plans to develop a tool to analyze and optimize alternatives.

En la actualidad existen numerosas alternativas para el aprendizaje práctico-profesional en la universidad. Escoger el mejor grupo de actividades para un curso específico es un problema crucial multi criterio complejo, que depende de factores de estas alternativas, de las partes implicadas y del contexto. Este artículo tiene el objetivo de hacer una revisión crítica de la literatura sobre estas actividades para mejorar un curso específico sobre arquitectura y su construcción. Se han consultado 264 estudios multidisciplinarios de la base de datos Web of Science. Como resultado se han: (a) clasificado alternativas prácticas aplicables al caso de estudio y (b) listado indicadores para evaluarlas. En consecuencia, se genera un repositorio filtrado e intencionado, de acuerdo con: (1) los contenidos docentes, (2) la taxonomía de Bloom y (3) el método de aprendizaje adecuado para cada caso. Futuras investigaciones prevén desarrollar una herramienta para analizar y optimizar alternativas.
Geogebra para la enseñanza de la geometría descriptiva: aplicación para la docencia online
Authors: Quintilla Castán Marta , Fernández Morales Angélica
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this work is to show the implementation of a methodological proposal for the teaching of Descriptive Geometry, supported by the use of computer tools, such as Geogebra, which helps to enhance spatial intelligence in students who take the subject of Graphic Expression in the first architecture course. Due to the need to continue teaching in a non-face-to-face mode during this course, as a result of the measures adopted by the pandemic, it has been necessary to rethink the subject due to the special characteristics that its teaching entails, to adapt it to remote learning.

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad mostrar la implantación de una propuesta metodológica para la enseñanza de la Geometría Descriptiva, apoyada en el uso de herramientas informáticas, como Geogebra, que ayude a potenciar la inteligencia espacial en los alumnos que cursen la asignatura de Expresión Gráfica en el primer curso de Arquitectura. Con motivo de la necesidad de continuar la docencia en modalidad no presencial durante el presente curso, como consecuencia de las medidas adoptadas por la pandemia, ha sido necesario replantear la asignatura debido a las características especiales que conlleva su impartición, para adecuarla al aprendizaje en remoto.
Reflexión guiada como preparación previa a la docencia de instalaciones en Arquitectura
Authors: Aguilar Carrasco María Teresa , López Lovillo Remedios María
Published: December 2021

The significance of facilities in Architecture is quite unknown in the society in which we live, even for future architecture students. Relegating the facilities to the background is habitual and it causes operation problems, visually pollution and it affects inhabitants’ comfort. Furthermore, basic aspects for users’ health such as indoor air quality are not usually included in the architectural process. Can this be avoided by making the students aware of the importance of integrating the facilities and the aspects they cover? Is the root of the problem in the way of teaching these subjects? To give an answer to these questions, the Architecture Zero Course has been used to force a first critical reflection on these issues, using gamification and ICT. This experience results are key to focus teaching in the facilities subjects of the degree.

El alcance de las Instalaciones en la Arquitectura es bastante desconocido en la sociedad en la que nos encontramos, incluso para los futuros estudiantes de Arquitectura. Lo habitual es relegar las instalaciones a un segundo plano causando problemas de funcionamiento, contaminando visualmente y afectando al confort de los habitantes. Además, aspectos fundamentales para la salud del usuario como la calidad del aire no suelen incluirse en el proceso arquitectónico. ¿Se puede evitar esto concienciando previamente a los estudiantes de la importancia de la integración de las instalaciones y de los aspectos que abarcan? ¿Está la raíz del problema en la docencia de estas asignaturas? Para responder a estas preguntas se ha utilizado el Curso Cero de Arquitectura para forzar una primera reflexión crítica sobre estos temas, usando la gamificación y las TIC. Los resultados de esta experiencia son claves para enfocar la docencia en las asignaturas de Instalaciones del Grado.
AndamiARTE: la Arquitectura Efímera como herramienta pedagógica
Authors: Martínez Domingo Yolanda , Blanco Martín Javier
Published: December 2021

The communication relates the experience of a Workshop held at the Patio Herreriano Museum of Spanish Contemporary Art in Valladolid, on the occasion of the celebration of World Architecture Day, in 2019. Through a collaborative practice between teachers, architects, artists and students, a series of temporary installations were executed to accompany an exhibition under the motto "Valladolid Efímera". Participation was open to students and professionals related to the matery and took place outside specifically academic programs. The objective was to exploit the possibilities of an auxiliary element for construction, such as scaffolding, to generate playful spaces, investigating its ability to interact with an existing architecture and highlight its ceremonial character. In the process to carry it out, different learning methodologies have been involved that have shown how ephemeral architecture can be considered an effective pedagogical tool.

La comunicación relata la experiencia de un Workshop realizado en el Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Patio Herreriano de Valladolid, con motivo de la celebración del Día Mundial de la Arquitectura, en el año 2019. A través de una práctica colaborativa entre profesores, arquitectos, artistas y alumnos, se ejecutó una serie de instalaciones temporales, para acompañar una exposición bajo el lema “Valladolid Efímera”. La participación era abierta a estudiantes y profesiones afines a la materia y se desarrollaba fuera de programas específicamente académicos. El objetivo era explotar las posibilidades de un elemento auxiliar para la construcción, como es el andamio, para generar espacios de carácter lúdico, indagando en su capacidad de interacción con una arquitectura existente y resaltar su carácter ceremonial. En el proceso para llevarlo a cabo se han visto implicadas distintas metodologías de aprendizaje que han puesto de manifiesto cómo la arquitectura efímera puede considerarse una eficaz herramienta pedagógica.
Land Arch: el arte de la tierra como Arquitectura, la Arquitectura como arte de la tierra
Authors: Álvarez-Agea Alberto , Pérez-Delacruz Elisa
Published: December 2021

This text addresses the architectural methodology developed during the first term of the 2019 academic year at the Design Studio I-II, School of Architecture, San Sebastián University, Chile, in response to the XIV Corma Competition: “Theatre: timber and edge”. In the Design Studio, ways of making forms in art were transferred to architecture through the adoption of strategies taken from Land Art to design a theatre built in timber at the edge between land and sea in Lota, Chile. A theatre from where it is possible to contemplate both the shows held within and the landscape itself by means of a simple and regular geometric shape placed in nature that is capable of turning topography into a place. An artificial shape that turns nature into a new landscape.  

Esta comunicación recoge la experiencia de docencia arquitecónica desarrollada en el primer semestre del curso 2019 del Taller de Proyecto I-II de la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad San Sebastián, Chile, como respuesta al XIV Concurso Corma: “Teatro: madera y borde”. Una experiencia en la que se produce la transferencia de formas de hacer la forma propias del arte a la arquitectura a partir de la aplicación de estrategias empleadas en el land art —el arte de la tierra— para la resolución de un teatro construido en madera en el límite entre la tierra y el mar en Lota, Chile. Un teatro desde el que poder contemplar tanto los espectáculos celebrados en él como el propio paisaje gracias a la inserción en la naturaleza de una forma geométrica simple y regular capaz de transformar el terreno en lugar. Una forma artificial que construye un nuevo paisaje natural.
Religion, Ethnizitat und Politik im Kontext der Rede uber Beschneidung (Gal 5, 2 – 6)
Authors: Kostrešević Milan ,   Gnomon Center for the Humanities
Published: December 2021

Paulus spricht das Thema der Beschneidung zum ersten Mal im Galaterbrief 5, 2–6 ausdrücklich an. Die genaue Bedeutung der Beschneidung, sowohl historisch als auch exegetisch, wurde jedoch in der paulinischen Forschung viel diskutiert. Wenn es um die Beschneidung und die Argumentation des Gal geht, geht es um mehr als das, was die Neutestamentler normalerweise betont haben. Historisch gesehen war die Beschneidung auch mit der Unterwerfung von Gedanken und Leidenschaften unter den Willen Gottes sowie mit Idealen der Vollkommenheit und Heiligkeit verbunden. Exegetisch ist Paulus in Gal 5, 2–6 gegen die Beschneidung, weil dies die Aufrechterhaltung der fortwährenden Glaubenserfahrung der Gläubigen, d. h. der Heiligung, gefährden würde. Paulus antwortet auf die Sorge, seine Erfahrung in Christus aufrechtzuerhalten, indem er schreibt, dass der Christus durch seine völlige Hingabe an Gott durch Glaube erkannt werden sollte, eine Hingabe an das heiligende Werk des Geistes, das im Leben des Gläubigen Früchte trägt. Daher analysiert diese Studie, die sich der zeitgenössischen Diskussion der paulinischen Theologie anschliesst, Paulus’ Beziehung zur Beschneidung in Gal 5, 2-6 im Kontext der galatianischen Welt des neutestamentlichen Zeitalters.
The Powerful and Disturbing Touch
Authors: Maidanik Đurđina Šijaković ,   Gnomon Center for the Humanities
Published: December 2021

This paper proposes a reading of two episodes of Hecuba's supplication in Euripides' drama Hecuba. I am hoping to show that the female protagonist Hecuba, when begging for mercy, uses the ritual potential of the supplication act, while the two male characters secularize the primarily ritual act, with the result of escaping from it. The dramatized rite of supplication can serve for examination of normative engagements in the sphere of religious issues and gender roles, and the relationship between speech and gesture on stage. I am examining some aspects of the supplication rite and analysing chosen sections of the dramatic text, with the goal of mapping them within the coordinates of ritual/secularized, gestures/words, female/male.
Introducing society
Authors: Skøtt Bo
Published: December 2021

Public libraries have a societal duty to promote the peaceful coexistence between population and are therefore involved in integration work. However, the question is whether the integration perspective is suitable for addressing current issues or if other perspectives are more adequate. To study this, I conducted a literature review of published articles on Scandinavian public libraries’ integration work, six semi-structured interviews with male asylum seekers and an email interview with the chief operations officer at three asylum reception centres in Denmark. Using a lifelong learning perspective, I was able to consider the six asylum seekers’ experiences with integration in new ways. It became evident how integration is an ambiguous concept, and how the integration process does not constitute temporary phases but rather initiates lifelong learning processes, just like the activities native Danes conducts in their efforts to handle their lives in late modernity. The lifelong learning perspective probably cannot replace the integration perspective, but it may help us understand which activities are appropriate for public libraries to engage in. The public libraries’ task is not to assimilate, but to promote new citizens’ opportunities for peaceful coexistence by facilitating people’s participation in society.
The European Approach to Building AI Policy and Governance: A Haven for Bureaucrats or Innovators?
Authors: Shumilo Olga , Kerikmäe Tanel
Published: December 2021

Disruptive technologies and the domination of digital platforms have challenged the global economy players twice — first, to get a hand on them, then to mitigate the possible risks. It is beyond doubt that reliable artificial intelligence (AI) can bring many benefits at the European level, such as better health care, safer and cleaner transport, more efficient manufacturing, and sustainable energy. But regulating the unknown requires considerable effort on how to attract investors using clear rules while keeping human control over the algorithms as a priority. In April 2021, the EU Commission published a holistic proposal to regulate the use of AI, which promises to put trust first and ensure that facial recognition and big data operators will never abuse fundamental human rights. Although the proposal is likely to be amended during EU-wide discussions, the new approach to AI will clearly give citizens the reassurance to adopt these technologies while encouraging companies to develop them. Hence, this article aims to map the core challenges for the EU policy on the use of AI, as well as the milestones of developing the holistic legislative proposal, and clarify if the afore-mentioned proposal indeed solves all the AI-related risks for future generations.
Promoting the Good e-Teacher: Didactical Choices when developing e-pedagogical Competences
Authors: Hole Grete Oline , Larsen Anne Karin , Hoem Jon
Published: December 2021

The article gives an overview of how the development of a blended e-pedagogy course for Higher Education teachers have used the experiences from many years of international online courses for European BA students. Influenced by the situated-learning perspective, this course employs student-centred teaching and learning methods. Moreover, inspired by the Community of Inquiry, this programme emphasizes the importance of Cognitive, Teaching and Social presence in the Virtual Learning Environment. The students plan their own courses in accordance with the stages of becoming an e-learner. One uses the ecological “Model of Relations between Didactical Categories” as a framework, and the e-pedagogy course is customized to be “hands-on” learning experiences, which promotes the desired e-teacher competences. During the course the students are engaged in discussions and co-operation by using different ICT-collaborations tools. At this time, the course has been held twice, and is available for everyone as an online learning resource under the Creative Commons license (http://www.virclass.net/eped). Evaluations by students have demonstrated that this hands-on training course can help students attain the necessary competences needed to be skilled e-teachers.
Learning Outcomes and a Taxonomy as a Starting Point for creating digital Multiple-choice Tests
Authors: Klefstad Bjørn , Maribu Geir , Horgen Svend Andreas , Hjeltnes Thorleif
Published: December 2021

The use of digital multiple-choice tests in formative and summative assessment has many advantages. Such tests are effective, objective, and flexible. However, it is still challenging to create tests that are valid and reliable. Bloom’s taxonomy is used as a framework for assessment in higher education and therefore has a great deal of influence on how the learning outcomes are formulated. Using digital tools to create tests has been common for some time, yet the tests are still mostly answered on paper. Our hypothesis has two parts: first, it is possible to create summative tests that match different levels and learning outcomes within a chosen subject; second, a test tool of some kind is necessary to enable teachers and examiners to take a more proactive attitude to(wards) different levels and learning outcomes in a subject and so ensure the quality of digital test designing. Based on an analysis of several digital tests we examine to what degree learning outcomes and levels are reflected in the different test questions. We also suggest functionality for a future test tool to support an improved design process.
“Don’t Keep It To Yourself!”: Digital Storytelling with South African Youth
Authors: Reed Amber , Hill Amy
Published: December 2021

As resources become available, the tools of digital storytelling are being introduced into a wide variety of contexts, with new projects involving youth emerging in increasingly remote areas throughout the developing world. In 2008, the Sonke Gender Justice Network teamed up with the Center for Digital Storytelling’s Silence Speaks initiative to work with a group of rural youth in Eastern Cape, South Africa. The results of this project are eight digital stories by young Xhosa people that capture the challenges they face and the futures they yearn for in post-apartheid South Africa. By exploring the success and challenges of the project, we show the potential that thoughtfully designed digital storytelling efforts offer as both a psychological outlet and a tool for community education and social activism with marginalized youth.
Does MS Photo Story 3 Make a Difference? The Views and Experiences of a Group of Norwegian Secondary School Teachers
Authors: Wikan Gerd , Faugli Bjørn , Mølster Terje , Hope Rafael
Published: December 2021

This paper examines views and attitudes of secondary school teachers on the role of MS Photostory 3 as a learning-enhancing artifact. The examination is based on the analysis of empirical data, collected from an ongoing project involving teachers and pupils at a Norwegian secondary school. Two teams, numbering a total of 9 teachers, participated in training programs from August 2007 to June 2009, with the objective of enhancing the teachers’ ICT competence. They agreed to use MS Photo Story 3 as a presentation tool in a number of subjects for a period of two years. In parallel with conducting training programs for the teachers, qualitative data describing teachers’ views and attitudes were collected during regularly conducted focus-group interviews with teacher teams, by studying teacher-produced reflection notes and by participant observations of teachers and pupils in classroom activities. A main finding is that it was necessary to upgrade the teachers’ computer skills on a very basic level in order to give the teachers confidence to use ICT in their teaching. Insufficient ICT competence and low confidence among the participating teachers has considerably hampered the utilization of the ICT’s learning potential.
Constraints in Film Making Processes Offer an Exercise to the Imagination
Authors: Philipsen Heidi
Published: December 2021

What does the use of constraints offer filmmakers? A screenwriter from The National Film School of Denmark suggests: “I love constraints [..]. I think that’s a great relief, because it offers an exercise to your imagination” (Philipsen 2005: 211). This article hopes to illuminate methods for fostering creativity based on two case studies from The National Film School of Denmark and The Video Clip Cup 2007. In scrutinising these studies I intend to describe what seems to best facilitate flow experiences in film making, and I reflect upon what "individual, team, and institutional scaffolding" can offer a creative film making process as educational techniques. I will outline elements essential to getting into the flow of the film process through the help of constraints and collaboration. Moreover, I focus on the consequences of authorial action. And finally my findings are applied to the work of two professional Danish film makers, Lars von Trier and Jørgen Leth.
New teacher functions in cyberspace - on technology, mass media and education
Authors: Buhl Mie
Published: December 2021

Information technology allows the education system to do its job in new ways.  Conceptions of what it means to be educated are changing both for teachers and for students.  A teacher’s professional duties are not limited to acting as a disseminator of knowledge and facilitating learning processes for the student.  Teachers must also relate their position to new constructions of time and space.  However, these new constructions of what it is to be an actor in time and space mean that some of the functions that have as a matter of course been assembled in the person of the teacher have been displaced into other positions.  Information technology exposes the teacher’s performative choice in how teachers act in certain situations, which intensifies reflexivity.  This article is about how teachers must meet increasing expectations to perform on the premises of mass media and how this displaces the premises for educational practice.  Specific examples will be provided from a situation in the master’s program in media and ICT.
Developing a Virtual Book - Material for Virtual Learning Environments
Authors: Larsen Anne Karin , Hole Grete Oline , Fahlvik Morten
Published: December 2021

This article describes the process of, and considerations taken when Virtual Learning Materials were developed for an international study in Comparative Social Work arranged by the VIRCLASS project. The steps taken and the elements included in the Virtual Book – A Guide to Social Work in Europe are presented in details to inform others who are planning to make virtual learning materials. Students from 11 countries in Europe participated, and their reception of this material and learning outcomes from using it are analysed and presented. Furthermore; the article discuss how the learning material contributes to students’ learning, how a common understanding of practice enhances knowledge-building and in what way audio-visual learning material can contribute to good learning in e-learning courses. The results are discussed in relation to theories about composite texts and community of inquiry, and outlines some challenges for e-teachers’ competences.
A Study on the Method to Secure Evacuation Safety of Long-term Care Hospital for the Elderly through Actual Condition Survey
Authors: Shin Soo-Kyung , Bae Young-Hoon , Choi Jun-Ho
Published: December 2021

In long-term care hospitals, there are many patients with reduced mobility and the fire compartment is difficult, so there is a high possibility of large-scale casualties in the event of a fire. Various studies have been conducted to reduce these risks, but studies on problems related to evacuation safety and improvement measures are lacking. Therefore, this study intends to examine the problems related to evacuation safety through a fact-finding survey targeting two hospitals and to suggest improvement measures. As a result, problems related to 1) maintenance of fire doors, 2) establishment of a horizontal evacuation plan, 3) evacuation mechanism, and 4) recognition and implementation of worker evacuation plans were derived, and improvement measures for each problem were suggested.
Evaluating Fire Risk of Long-term Care Hospitals for the Elderly
Authors: Shin Soo-Kyung , Bae Young-Hoon , Choi Jun-Ho
Published: December 2021

Long-term care hospitals for the elderly have a high risk of fire. To reduce this risk, the installation of a horizontal refuge area has been stipulated since 2015. However, most hospitals are still at risk due to the lack of retroactive regulations. Therefore, in this study, the efficiency of the horizontal refuge area was analyzed through evacuation safety evaluation using fire and evacuation simulations. As a result of evacuation safety evaluation for the two hospitals, the reduction ratio of evacuation time was 70% (day time) and 77% (night time). In addition, evacuation safety can be secured through the installation of a horizontal refuge area. The results of this study are expected to be used as a basis for preparing retroactive regulations for horizontal refuge areas in long-term care hospitals for the elderly in the future.