bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biological and genetical characteristics of hybrid maize Kneza 683A
Authors: Gacovski Z. , Cilev G.
Published: December 2011

The basic biological and economic properties of the hybrid maize Kneza 683A,
created in Maize Research Institute - Kneza, R. Bulgaria by the method of
interline hybridization are briefly described. The hybrid is acknowledged
during year 1994 after two years variety-testing in SVTC (State
Variety-Testing Commission) with standards American hybrids of maize H 708
and Ivana. During the period of testing, in year 1992 and 1993, in condition
without irrigation, the average enlargement of yield on hybrid maize Kneza
683A (8 140 kg/ha), in comparison with hybrid maize H 708 (7 210 kg/ha) was
11, 42% and with hybrid maize Ivana (7610 kg/ha) was 6,51%. In conditions
with irrigation, the average enlargement of yield on hybrid maize Kneza 683A
(10 610 kg/ha), compared to first standard H 708 (9 890 kg/ha) was 6,78%, and
compared to second standard Ivana (10 570 kg/ha) was 0,37%.The hybrid maize
Kneza 683A, was examined in year 1994 and 1995 in R. Macedonia in conditions
with irrigation and in R.Bulgaria, without irrigation. In comparison with
standard american hybrid of maize H 708 (11 233 kg/ha), in our country the
average enlargement of yield on the hybrid maize Kneza 683A (11 556 kg/ha)
was 2,79%, and in R. Bulgaria was 8,04%. In the examination in year 2006 in
R. Macedonia in conditions with irrigation, the average enlargement of yield
on the hybrid maize Kneza 683A (11 600 kg/ha) in comparison with standard
Kneza 630 (8 830 kg/ha) was 8,04% and hybrid Kneza 621 (11 200 kg/ha) was
3,44%. After examination from SVTC, in year 2007, the University "Goce
Delcev" Stip, Institute for Southern Crops in Strumica in our country have
registered the hybrid on the sort list. In 2008 was organised seed production
on area of 1 ha and there was yield of 2000 kg/ha, which means that although
the late sowing there was good yield of seed. In field conditions the hybrid
is practically resistant to the economically important disease by the maize.
The seed production of the hybrid maize Kneza 683A carry out with
simultaneously sowing of the parental components using cytoplasmic male
sterility (CMS) and fully restoration of fertility in hybrid generation. The
hybrid maize Kneza 683A successfully shift the late Bulgarian and foreign
hybrids (group 600 by FAO), since is more drought-resistant and considerably
exceeds them by grain yield and silage mass from a unit of area.
Seasonal changes of proteins, structural carbohydrates, fats and minerals in herbage dry matter of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)
Authors: Vasiljevic S. , Cupina B. , Krstic Dj. , Pataki I. , Katanski S. , Milosevic B.
Published: December 2011

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is the second most important perennial
forage legume, after alfalfa. It is a significant source of proteins, which
are essential in the diet of domestic animals, especially ruminants. The
objective of this study was to determine the most important characteristics
of dry matter quality (crude proteins, structural carbohydrates, fats and
minerals) in three varieties of red clover (K-17, Kolubara and Una). The
characteristics were monitored, per individual cuts, during one production
cycle of red clover, i.e., in the period 2004- 2006. Highest contents of
crude protein in all three test years were obtained in the second cut.
Significantly increased contents of crude proteins (18.32%) and potassium
(K-2.53%) were found in the red clover cultivar Una developed in Novi Sad.
Significantly increased values of both cellulose fiber fractions (NDF, ADF)
were registered in the second year of growing. The highest content of
minerals was determined at the beginning of the growing season in the first
and second year (8.68% and 8.52%, respectively). Here it should be mentioned
that the contents of basic biogenous elements, phosphorus and potassium, were
within the expected optimum range.
Estimation of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) forage quality parameters depending on the stage of growth
Authors: Markovic J. , Strbanovic R. , Terzic D. , Stanisavljevic R. , Djokic D. , Vasic T. , Andjelkovic B.
Published: December 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes that take place in
nutrient values of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cv K-27 at different
stages of growth in the second and the third cut. The samples from different
stages of growth: mid-bud stage, around 60% flowering and full flowering were
investigated for crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid
detergent fiber (ADF), digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI),
relative feed value (RFV), total digestible nutrients (TDN), net
energy-lactation (NEl), net energy-maintenance (NEm) and net energy-gain
(NEg) content. Higher content of crude protein was found in the third cut
(262.1 g kg-1 of DM) than in the second cut (260.8 g kg-1 of DM) in the first
stage of development. TDN, DDM, DMI, RFV, NEl, NEm and NEg were calculated
according to the appropriate equations adapted from common formulas for
forages. The stage of plant development has a significant influence on the
chemical composition and the relative feed value of red clover. The achieved
results show that adequate maturity stage for cutting might be at mid-bloom
stage, when crude protein content, NEl, NEm and NEg content are high.
Carcass composition and chemical characteristics of meat from broiler chickens reared under intensive and semiintensive systems
Authors: Bogosavljevic-Boskovic S. , Mitrovic S. , Doskovic V. , Rakonjac S. , Kurcubic V.
Published: December 2011

Poultry rearing systems have captured the attention of scientists for many
years. A number of attempts have been made to introduce new technologies in
rearing poultry for meat and egg production aiming at improving rearing
conditions, protecting the environment and enhancing the quality of poultry
products. Given the above, the objective of this study was to present the
results of an evaluation of the effect of rearing system on major meat
quality traits (percent yield of primal cuts in cold carcasses, tissue
percentage in major primal cuts and chemical composition of muscle tissue).
The experiment involved a total of 400 Hybro broilers reared under two
different systems (intensive and semi-intensive systems). The fattening
period and slaughter and dressing procedures were followed by measurement and
meat sampling for chemical analysis. The results obtained show that broilers
reared under the semi-intensive system had a somewhat higher percentage of
drumsticks and breasts i.e. first class meat, as well as a higher percentage
of breast and thigh muscles. Moreover, the protein content of breast, thigh
and drumstick muscles was higher in broilers reared under semi-intensive
conditions. As for the fat content of primal cuts, it was found to exhibit
higher values in broilers reared under the intensive system. Overall, the
results suggest better performance for most traits in free range broilers
reared under semi-intensive conditions as compared to those reared
intensively.
The influence of strain and age on some egg quality parameters of commercial laying hens
Authors: Kocevski D. , Nikolova N. , Kuzelov A.
Published: December 2011

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of strain and age on
some egg quality parameters (egg weight and egg shell strength) of commercial
laying hens. Layers of lines ISA Brown and DeKalb White were examined in
period of nine months. Both lines were at same age (28 weeks) and were
confined in common facility in battery cages. Laying hens were reared and fed
according to standard breeding technology. Once a month 25 eggs of each line
were taken to be examined for eggshell strength and egg weight, or in other
words, total 450 table eggs were tested. Analises were done in Laboratory for
testing egg quality by gaudges Egg Multi Tester EMT 5200 and Egg shell Gauge
(Robotmation Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) which have computerised equipment to
examine quality and physical characteristics of eggs. Statistic analyses on
results were done by computer sub-programme ANOVA and Fisher's LSD test to
determine the level of statistical significant difference between examined
factors. Egg weight was under significant impact of age (P ? 0,05), but not
under the influence of strain, although eggs of ISA Brown line were
insignificantly heavier than eggs of DeKalb White line. Eggs were heaviest at
layers with older age, while they were lightest at younger birds. The results
have shown significant differences (P ? 0,05) in eggshell strength compared
to line influence (genotype) and months of age. Eggs from ISA Brown laying
hens had much better and eggshell strength than those eggs from DeKalb White.
Correlations between eggshell strength and egg weight were with significant
(R < 0,05) negative value, which indicating that with increasing egg weight
decreases of eggshell strength.
The effect of weight load on the legs of broilers behaviour
Authors: Djukic-Stojcic M. , Bessei W.
Published: December 2011

The aim of the experiment was to study the behaviour of fast growing (FG) and
slow growing (SG) broilers under the same weight load. For this purpose a
harness and a suspension device were developed which alleviate a part of the
weight load on the legs. The weight load in the SG birds was increased by
fitting pieces of lead on the back and the breast. Using these methods the
weight load of both lines was adjusted to the average weight of both lines. A
total of 24 male broilers, 12 ISA S257 and 12 ROSS 308, were assigned to 4
groups of three birds each. One bird was weight adjusted, one was wearing the
harness without weight adjustment and one was without harness. Duration and
frequency of walking and resting behaviour were recorded. The torsional and
angular deformity of tibiae were measured according to Leterrier (1992). The
amount and thickness of the corticalis, bone density and area were measured
at the middle tibia by computer tomography. The weight-reduced FG broilers
showed higher activity in the 6th week of age. The weight-increased SG
broilers showed less activity than the SG broilers without harness. The
weight-reduced FG broilers showed similar activity as the SG broilers without
harness. Total density and corticalis area were higher for the weight-reduced
FG broilers than for the FG broilers without harness. The results show that
weight load is the main influencing factor for differences in locomotor
activity and resting behaviour of SG and FG broiler strains.
Correlation of morphologic and production traits of honey bee colonies from Serbia
Authors: Jevtic G. , Andjelkovic B. , Lugic Z. , Djokic D. , Mladenovic M. , Nedic N.
Published: December 2011

State of mutual or reciprocal relationship between traits is determined by
the correlation coefficients. Correlation of morphological and production
traits was determined in two generations of honey bee colonies. In the first
generation, mother queen bees were studied, and in the second generation,
their offspring. The study of one generation lasted two years. Morphological
traits were determined in the beginning of the study and production traits
were determined in the spring and autumn inspections of every year. In the
first generation, the positive and mostly high correlation between
morphological traits, and honey yield and hygienic behavior was determined.
Correlation of morphological traits, colony strength and food supplies per
colony ranged from highly positive to slightly negative values. It was found
that there was a high correlation between some production traits (colony
strength in the spring and autumn inspections and honey yield per colony). In
the analysis of offspring (second generation), most traits that were
positively correlated in mother generation now, also, showed a similar
relationship. The only difference, in contrast to mother generation, was
that, for most traits, the intensity of interaction increased.
Selection efficiency on bones and meat yeald in pigs
Authors: Vidovic V. , Trivunovic S. , Punos D. , Strbac Lj. , Lukac D. , Stupar M.
Published: December 2011

Trial were conducted at 5 farms, on 5 breeds of pigs in itch farm, in a
period from 2000 to 2010. To analyzed data, the MME LS model was used to
correct FYS and Breed as fixed effect and Sire as random one. Genetic
parameters were estimated from half siblings group. Bones had significantly
smaller weight in Pietrain pigs compared to all other breeds. Furthermore,
daily and life gains at the Pietrain breed were significantly smaller
compared to other breeds. Heritability estimates were significantly different
for three breeds, higher for bones, higher for meat yield. The pheneotipic
and genetic variations were similar for all traits. Economic effect of
selection can be analyzed and expected with a positive trend. Genetic
correlation showed expected trend. It is possible to use the effect of
indirect selection as well.
Nickel levels of liver from ten different pig genetic lines produced in Vojvodina
Authors: Tomovic V.M. , Petrovic Lj.S. , Jokanovic M.R. , Kevresan Z.S. , Dzinic N.R. , Tasic T.A. , Ikonic P.M.
Published: December 2011

The content of nickel was investigated in the liver of sixty-nine pigs from
ten different genetic lines, produced in Vojvodina. Nickel was determined by
the flame atomic absorption spectrometry after mineralization by dry ashing.
The difference in the nickel content among different genetic lines of pigs
was not significant (P > 0.05) in the analyzed liver tissues. Nickel levels
ranged from 13.02 to 68.21 ?g/100g with a general average of 26.73 ?g/100g.
Average nickel content, found in this study, is in agreement with the
contents observed in pig liver in other countries.
The application of different methods for the determination of fat content in selected animal - origin products
Authors: Surma-Zadora M. , Topolska K. , Cieślik E. , Sieja K.
Published: December 2011

The aim of the study was to assess the fat content in selected animal-origin
products (ie. black pudding, luncheon, wiener, bacon) as well as certified
reference material (MUVA RM700 Boiled Sausage) using two analytical methods.
One of them was the fat extraction using a Soxhlet technique, and the other
one - the extraction using carbon dioxide in supercritical state. Methods
based on Soxhlet extraction have been and are at present used as reference.
This conventional method is cheap and accurate, and this is why it has been
the most used extraction technique worldwide for a number of decades. On the
other hand some modern methods of fat determination are needed. Supercritical
Fluid Extraction is quick, safe, and it eliminates any hazardous chemicals or
solvents used in traditional extraction methods. For this purpose we used TFE
2000 fat analyzer (LECO Corporation). For the methods used the following
validation parameters were determined: accuracy, precision, intermediate
precision, correctness. The fat content in black pudding and luncheon meat
ranged from 11.5 ? 4.5 g/100g (TFE) to 12.1 ? 0.0 g/100g (Soxhlet) and from
13.2 ? 0.5 g/100g (Soxhlet) to 13.8 ? 0.7 g/100g (TFE), respectively. For
wiener samples we received values between 15.7 ? 0.4 g/100g (TFE) to 17.8 ?
0.1 g/100g (Soxhlet). The fat content in bacon samples ranged from 48.2 ? 2.5
g/100g (TFE) to 48.7 ? 0.7 g/100g (Soxhlet). The results received remain
consistent with the values given in the Polish ?Food Composition Tables?. The
application of the methods described above for the determination of fat
content in animal - derived products is dependent ie.: on the purpose of
analysis, the amount of fat in food product sample and the time for receiving
the results.
Comparison of content of selected minerals and cadmium in chicken and goose liver
Authors: Cieślik E. , Walkowska I. , Molina-Ruiz J.M. , Cieślik I. , Migdal W.
Published: December 2011

The aim of the study was to compare the content of selected metals in raw
chicken and goose liver. The study was carried out on three chicken breeds
(New Hampshire, Plymouth Rock, Rhode Island) obtained from National Research
Institute of Animal Production in Balice and Zatory Landrace goose breed
obtained from Department of Poultry, Fur Animal Breeding and Animal
Hygiene-Experimental Station in Rzaska. The analysis of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Cd
were performed in 24 samples by atomic absorption spectrometry (using Varian
AA240Z and AA240FS spectrometer) after microwave digestion (MARS Xpress,
CEM). The concentrations of investigated minerals in chicken liver samples
were found to be in the range of 63.09-146.47 mg/kg for iron, 3.46-5.34 mg/kg
for copper, 2.99-4.99 mg/kg for manganese, 40.19 and 59.42 mg/kg for zinc and
0.03- 0.06 mg/kg for cadmium. The minerals content of goose liver was found
to be much higher as compared to chicken liver. Minerals content in goose
liver samples were to be in the range of 52.93-659.84 mg/kg for iron,
39.32-64.45 mg/kg for copper, 3.43-5.32 mg/kg for manganese, 50.87-67.20
mg/kg for zinc and 1.10-4.12 mg/kg for cadmium. The concentration of cadmium
found in chicken liver in most instances is lower than the limits established
by European Union legislation, in contrast to goose liver, where the
concentration of cadmium highly exceeds the limits.
Characterization of cucumber mosaic virus originating from cucurbits in Serbia
Authors: Vucurovic Ana , Bulajic Aleksandra , Stankovic Ivana , Ristic Danijela , Berenji Janos , Krstic Branka
Published: December 2011

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is considered one of the most economically
important plant viruses and has a worldwide distribution and a very wide host
range including plants from family Cucurbitaceae. In Serbia, on cucurbits CMV
was detected in single and mixed infections with Zucchini yellow mosaic virus
(ZYMV) and Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV). Viruses, including CMV, are
constantly present in cucurbit crops, but their frequency changes by year and
locality. Surveys and sample collections were conducted in cucurbit crops in
the period from 2008 to 2009 at 15 localities in Vojvodina province, and
sample testing was carried out using the DAS-ELISA method and commercially
available antisera for six economically most important cucurbit viruses. In
2008, a total of 51 samples were collected from 13 cucurbit crops of oilseed
pumpkin Olinka variety, squash, and bottle gourd and CMV was detected in a
total of 55% of tested samples with symptoms of viral infection. The most
common infectious type was mixed infection with ZYMV and WMV (35.3%), and
then mixed infection with ZYMV (17.7%) and WMV (2%). A total of 599
symptomatic samples of oilseed pumpkin Olinka variety, zucchini squash
varieties Beogradska and Tosca, squash, and winter squash were collected in
15 cucurbits crops in 2009. CMV was present in 4.4% of total collected
samples, in single infections in 1.3%, and in mixed with WMV or ZYMV in 1.3%,
and 1.8%. Five CMV isolates were obtained by mechanical inoculations of N.
glutinosa and one of them was selected for further biological
characterization. Test plants which were described to be hosts of CMV
expressed symptoms characteristic for those caused by CMV after inoculations
by isolate 115-08. CMV specific primers Au1u/Au2d were used to amplify an 850
bp fragment using RT-PCR method. Amplified fragment encodes the entire viral
coat protein (CP) gene and partial 5? and 3? UTRs of two selected CMV
isolates. Amplified fragments were sequenced and deposited in the NCBI, where
they were assigned accession numbers, HM065510 (115-08) and HM065509
(151-08). The sequences of CMV isolates from Serbia shared the highest
nucleotide and amino acid identity with isolates from subgroup IA, from 99.5
to 97.4% and 99.1 to 97.4%, and the lowest identities were with the subgroup
II isolates from 66.9 to 64, 5%, from 75.8 to 74.1%.
Development of cephalexin-loaded poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) colloidal nanospheres
Authors: Yordanov Georgi
Published: December 2011

This article considers the preparation and physicochemical characterization of a novel colloidal formulation of the β-lactam antibiotic cephalexin, loaded in poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) colloidal nanospheres. The drug was loaded by means of drug incorporation in the interior of poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) particles during the polymerization of the respective monomer in aqueous medium. The obtained colloids were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It was found that the drug loading efficiency depends on the initial concentration of monomer and cephalexin in the polymerization medium. The average size of cephalexin-loaded particles was around 400 nm and did not depend significantly on the concentrations of drug and monomer. Drug-loaded particles with drug content as high as 21% (w/w) were prepared. The drug release kinetics was studied in physiological phosphate-buffered saline. It was found that a biexponential model could describe well the experimental release kinetics.
Motives of espionage against ones own country in the light of idiographic studies
Authors: Michalak Sebastian
Published: December 2011

Motives of espionage against ones own country in the light of idiographic studies

The money is perceived as the common denominator among people who have spied against their own country. This assumption is common sense and appears to be self-evident truth. But do we have any hard evidences to prove the validity of such a statement? What method could be applied to determine it? This article is a review of the motives behind one's resorting to spying activity which is a complex and multifarious process. I decided to present only the phenomenon of spying for another country. The studies on the motives behind taking up spying activity are idiographic in character. One of the basic methodological problems to be faced by the researchers of this problem is an inaccessibility of a control group.
Self-concept and self-esteem: How the content of the self-concept reveals sources and functions of self-esteem
Authors: Lachowicz-Tabaczek Kinga , Śniecińska Justyna
Published: December 2011

Self-concept and self-esteem: How the content of the self-concept reveals sources and functions of self-esteem

The relations of content of self-concept to self-esteem may reflect the role of different factors in developing self-esteem. On the basis of theories describing sources of self-esteem, we distinguished four domains of self-beliefs: agency, morality, strength and energy to act, and acceptance by others, which we hypothesized to be related to self-esteem. In two studies, involving 411 university students, the relationship between self-esteem and self-concept was examined. The results confirmed relative independence of these four domains. Self-evaluation of agency was the strongest predictor of self-esteem, followed by self-evaluation of strength and energy to act, and self-evaluation of acceptance by others. Self-evaluation regarding morality turned out to have either no or negative relationship with self-esteem. The results supported the theories assuming that either perception of one's own agency or acceptance by others are sources of self-esteem.
Opportunities for PPP in Culture
Authors: Buzinkayová Mária
Published: December 2011

Opportunities for PPP in Culture

In recent years, the importance of PPP has increased - but the projects still remain focused and concentrated in the infrastructure / transport industry. Public-private partnership in some areas of the cultural sector could provide many benefits to both par-ties. There is at present an absence of any mentionable experience with PPP projects in the culture and no special legislation for this application area. This article aims to provide a brief analysis of the advantages and problems of the PPP projects in the field of culture that is dominated by the state offers and their influence on the future situation in this sector.
Analysis of E-marketing Strategies
Authors: Hasan Jamal
Published: December 2011

Analysis of E-marketing Strategies

The Internet has led to an increasingly connected environment, and the growth of Internet usage has resulted in declining distribution of traditional media: television, radio, newspapers and magazines. Marketing in this connected environment and the use of that connectivity to market is e-marketing. E-Marketing embraces a wide range of strategies, but what underpins successful e-marketing is a user-centric and cohesive approach to these strategies. While the Internet and the World Wide Web have enabled what we call New Media, the theories that led to the development of the Internet have been developed since the 1950s. This paper focuses on only e-marketing strategies, not the plan of e-marketing.
Mobile Marketing
Authors: Hovančáková Dominika
Published: December 2011

Mobile Marketing

In addition to traditional communication tools, new tools of marketing communication are currently coming into use. Mass-media and marketing communication is an important factor that may considerably influence economic development. In this these I will introduce some of them also in line with possibilities to measure their impact on marketing communication.
Some Ideals of Ternary Semigroups
Authors: Kar S. , Maity B.
Published: December 2011

Some Ideals of Ternary Semigroups

In this paper we characterize different types of ideals of ternary semigroup and study some interesting properties of these ideals of ternary semigroup.
First documented record of barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) in the Antarctic
Authors: Korczak-Abshire Małgorzata , Lees Alexander , Jojczyk Agata
Published: December 2011

First documented record of barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) in the Antarctic

Here we report a photo-documented record of a barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) from the South Shetland Islands. We also review previous records of passerine vagrants in the Antarctic (south of the Antarctic Convergence Zone). This barn swallow is the first recorded member of the Hirundinidae family on King George Island and is only the second passerine recorded in the South Shetland Islands. This sighting, along with previous records of austral negrito and austral trush represent the southernmost sightings of any passerine bird anywhere in the world.
New species of desmosomatid isopods from Admiralty Bay, King George Island
Authors: Zemko Karol , Brix Saskia
Published: December 2011

New species of desmosomatid isopods from Admiralty Bay, King George Island

Two new species of desmosomatid isopods,Eugerdella margaretaesp. n. andEugerdella celatasp. n. are described from Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetlands. Information is added to the original description ofEugerdella falklandica(Nordenstam, 1933) based on re-examination of the holotype. Both new species are similar toE. falklandica, for example by the body shape, the shape of pleotelson and presence of rows of four horn-like spines on the head. They are distinguished fromE. falklandicaby the number of setae on pereopod articles.Eugerdella celatasp. n. is distinguished by the presence of ventral spines on pereonites 1-4.
Occurrence and temporal variations of groundwater outflows in the Petuniabukta region, Spitsbergen
Authors: Szczucińska Anna
Published: December 2011

Occurrence and temporal variations of groundwater outflows in the Petuniabukta region, Spitsbergen

The occurrence and temporal variations of polar shallow groundwater systems and associated seasonal springs and seeps are studied using the example of springs and seeps in the vicinity of the eastern coast of Petuniabukta in central Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Altogether, 37 groundwater outflows were documented. The outflows were mostly located at the foot of talus slopes and were characterised by small discharges (<1 dm3s-1). The water emerging from the outflows varied widely in terms of temperature and specific electrical conductivity (SpC). These outflows were supplied mainly by water from permafrost, melting snowfields and rainfall. Daily changes were studied in four of the outflows during July 2006. The observed water discharges ranged from 0.04 to 0.7 dm3s-1, and the temporal variations for the particular outflows were on the order of 50% of the average value. The water temperature amplitude for particular outflows was up to 1.5°C. The SpC was approximately 200 μScm-1 and increased with time by almost 40 μScm-1 in the case of two outflows draining talus slopes. The water emerging from two springs in carbonate and sulphate rocks had an SpC up to 1295 μScm-1, and in one case, its increase with time was observed to be 300 μScm-1. The increase in the SpC with time probably reflects a decrease in the contribution of snow meltwater in the groundwater recharge. Among the major local factors affecting the groundwater outflows' water quality and discharge rate were the following: geomorphology, rock type, meteorological conditions, state of permafrost and local water storage.
Distribution and diversity of cumacean assemblages in Admiralty Bay, King George Island
Authors: Pabis Krzysztof , Błażewicz-paszkowycz Magdalena
Published: December 2011

Distribution and diversity of cumacean assemblages in Admiralty Bay, King George Island

Eleven species of cumaceans were found in 105 samples collected in Admiralty Bay (King George Island) in the summers of 1984/85 and 1985/86, from 20 to 500 m depth range. Four cumacean assemblages were distinguished using the multivariate analysis. They were characterized by the dominance of one or two species often with low density values. Two assemblages were found in open waters of Admiralty Bay. The first inhabited on sandy-clay-silt and silty-clay-sand bottom deposits in the depth range from 140 to 330 m, withCampylaspis maculata(1.6 ± 2.1 ind./0.1m2; F = 72.4%) andLeuconsp. (1.4 ± 1.6 ind./0.1m2; F = 68.9%) as key species. The second assemblage was found in the depth range from 50 to 120 m with silty-sand sediments, and it was characterized by the presence of Vauthompsonia inermis (6.5 ± 6.6 ind./0.1m2; F = 92.0%). A third assemblage was found in shallow waters influenced by glaciers in the bottom area of Ezcurra Inlet. It was characterized by sandy-clay-silt sediments and the presence ofEudorella splendida(14.6 ± 9.4 ind./0.1m2; F = 100.0%) as a core species. The last assemblage was found in the shallow sublittoral (50-100 m) of Ezcurra Inlet and the central basin, withDiastylis anderssoni armata(1.5 ± 1.1 ind./0.1m2; F = 85.7%) andDiastylopsis goekei(1.1 ± 1.0 ind./0.1m2; F = 71.4%) as the most frequent and abundant species.V. inermisis considered a eurytopic species with high frequency in the whole material, and was present in all four distinguished assemblages.E. splendidaandD. goekeiwere also recorded in each of the assemblages, but their total frequency was lower.
New data on the distribution of stenothoid amphipods (Crustacea) from Scotia Arc, West Antarctic
Authors: Jażdżewska Anna , Krapp-Schickel Traudl
Published: December 2011

New data on the distribution of stenothoid amphipods (Crustacea) from Scotia Arc, West Antarctic

This paper presents new records of stenothoids from the Scotia Arc (West Antarctic). Altogether twenty species were recorded, two of which are reported in the West Antarctic for the first time. In addition, two species are here recorded for the first time since their description. New data on distribution are supplemented by taxonomical remarks on the collected species.
Snow distribution patterns on Svalbard glaciers derived from radio-echo soundings
Authors: Grabiec Mariusz , Puczko Dariusz , Budzik Tomasz , Gajek Grzegorz
Published: December 2011

Snow distribution patterns on Svalbard glaciers derived from radio-echo soundings

The spatial distribution of snow thickness on glaciers is driven by a set of climatological, meteorological, topographical and orographic conditions. This work presents results of snow accumulation studies carried out from 2006 to 2009 on glaciers of different types: valley glacier, ice plateau and ice cap. In order to determine snow depth, a shallow radio echo-sounding method was used. Based on the results, the following snow distribution patterns on Svalbard glaciers have been distinguished: precipitation pattern, precipitation-redistribution pattern, redistribution pattern and complex pattern. The precipitation pattern assumes that the snow distribution on glaciers follows the altitudinal gradient. If the accumulation gradient is significantly modified by local factors like wind erosion and redeposition, or local variability of precipitation, the accumulation pattern turns into the precipitation-redistribution pattern. In the redistribution pattern, local factors play a crucial role in the spatial variability of snow depth. The complex pattern, however, demonstrates the co-existence of different snow distribution patterns on a single glacial object (glacier/icecap/ice field).
Modelling of seafloor multiples observed in OBS data from the North Atlantic - new seismic tool for oceanography?
Authors: Grad Marek , Mjelde Rolf , Czuba Wojciech , Guterch Aleksander , Schweitzer Johannes ,   IPY Project Group
Published: December 2011

Modelling of seafloor multiples observed in OBS data from the North Atlantic - new seismic tool for oceanography?

In marine seismic wide-angle profiling the recorded wave field is dominated by waves propagating in the water. These strong direct and multiple water waves are generally treated as noise, and considerable processing efforts are employed in order minimize their influences. In this paper we demonstrate how the water arrivals can be used to determine the water velocity beneath the seismic wide-angle profile acquired in the Northern Atlantic. The pattern of water multiples generated by air-guns and recorded by Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBS) changes with ocean depth and allows determination of 2D model of velocity. Along the profile, the water velocity is found to change from about 1450 to approximately 1490 m/s. In the uppermost 400 m the velocities are in the range of 1455-1475 m/s, corresponding to the oceanic thermocline. In the deep ocean there is a velocity decrease with depth, and a minimum velocity of about 1450 m/s is reached at about 1.5 km depth. Below that, the velocity increases to about 1495 m/s at approximately 2.5 km depth. Our model compares well with estimates from CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth) data collected nearby, suggesting that the modelling of water multiples from OBS data might become an important oceanographic tool.
Computation of Hopkins’ 3-circle integrals using Zernike expansions
Authors: Janssen A. J. E. M.
Published: December 2011

The integrals occurring in optical diffraction theory under conditions of partial coherence have the form of an incomplete autocorrelation integral of the pupil function of the optical system. The incompleteness is embodied by a spatial coherence function of limited extent. In the case of circular optical systems and coherence functions supported by a disk, this gives rise to Hopkins’ 3-circle integrals. In this paper, a computation scheme for these integrals (initially with coherence functions that are constant on their disks) is proposed where the required integral is expressed semi-analytically in the Zernike expansion coefficients of the pupil function. To this end, the Zernike expansion coefficients of a shifted pupil function restricted to the coherence disk are expressed in terms of the pupil function’s Zernike expansion coefficients. Next, the required integral is expressed as an infinite series involving two sets of Zernike coefficients of restricted pupils using Parseval’s theorem for orthogonal series. Due to a convenient separation of the radial parameters and the spatial variables, the method avoids a cumbersome administration involving separate consideration of various overlap situations. The computation method is extended to the case of coherence functions that are not necessarily constant on their supporting disks by using a result on linearization of the product of two Zernike circle polynomials involving Wigner coefficients.
Fashioning the Socialist Nation: The Gender of Consumption in Slatan Dudow's 'Destinies of Women'
Authors: Mittman Elizabeth
Published: December 2011

In the following article, I sketch two major pressures driving this film's peculiar recuperation of traditional representations of femininity alongside the rhetoric of equal rights. The first is the development of a Cold War politics of consumption, which, as recent research has shown, was crucial for national and cultural identity formation in the period of reconstruction after World War II. If, in the 20th century, political citizenship was "recast as consumer behavior," the postwar context of divided Germany offers a particularly powerful example of the complex imbrications of ideological and material cultures. As Ina Merkel's work amply illustrates, the competitive discourse of East versus West shaped GDR consumer culture from the outset. In addition, the implicit tension between the austere ideal of a new socialist producer nation and its population's unbroken, modern drive toward consumption appears to be at least superficially resolved along gender lines. Following prewar cultural formations, consumers were gendered as female, in contrast with male-identified producers. Thus, women could be mobilized as symbolic warriors along the battlefront between two economic systems. Frauenschicksale refers us repeatedly to the precise terms of this conflict.
Editorial
Authors: Mom Gijs
Published: December 2011

This summer a small airplane was suspended between high trees on a lane in a posh neighborhood of Amsterdam. Part of a display of contemporary art, the plane is one of Joost Conijn’s self-built contraptions in which he flew all the way to Africa, regularly reporting on his “performance” in one of the Dutch national newspapers. In Western histories of mobility, voyages to Africa—on foot, by ship, in litters carried by indigenous people, in trains, by car or motorbike, and in planes—symbolized in the popular mind an aggressive colonialism. Such trips demonstrated Western superiority as much as they involved utilitarian journeying or reconnaissance of land to be conquered. Anxious about staying aloft, Conijn mimicked in his adventures the pioneering spirit of colonial exploits while at the same time giving them a postcolonial twist. In his case, the return to Africa was a self-consciously humble venture, one that threw into comic relief assumptions of western superiority and the right to unfettered mobility. At the same time as his low-tech vehicle questioned the rationality of mass tourism in supersize Boeings, it reminded us of an era after the car began to be domesticated, when aviation promised to be the more advanced successor of individual motorized transport.
Transport Coordination
Authors: Kaufmann Vincent
Published: December 2011

The way public transportation and highway policies are considered in tandem is determinant of how the means of transportation are used, and that policy choices have implications in the middle and long term as they forge path dependence. This paper discuss this issues, using the case of Switzerland—often considered a best-practice country in terms of coordination—to explore the obstacles encountered when transportation policies à la Swiss are "imported" to other countries.
The High Line
Authors: Nichols Busch Tracy
Published: December 2011

An abandoned freight track on Manhattan’s West Side, considered by local businesses to be nothing more than an eyesore and an impediment to development, became the cause célèbre of New Yorkers in the early twenty-first century. Efforts to “save the High Line” resulted in one of the largest creations of public space in New York history. The 8.8 metertall High Line, which stretches 12 blocks between Ganesvoort Street and 20th Street, features both permanent and temporary art installations that inform visitors of their movement through space and its implication for the natural and constructed worlds. A post-industrial yearning for a more harmonious relationship between humans and the natural world can be detected in New Yorkers’ affection for the High Line. The elevated nature of this raised railroad track creates an ethereal and otherworldly sensation. The traffic below becomes an abstraction and pedestrians, always vulnerable on the streets, are lifted above the fray.
Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Vibration Sensors
Authors: Filipiak Jerzy , Solarz Lech , Steczko Grzegorz
Published: December 2011

In the paper a feasibility study on the use of surface acoustic wave (SAW) vibration sensors for electronic warning systems is presented. The system is assembled from concatenated SAW vibration sensors based on a SAW delay line manufactured on a surface of a piezoelectric plate. Vibrations of the plate are transformed into electric signals that allow identification of the sensor and localization of a threat. The theoretical study of sensor vibrations leads us to the simple isotropic model with one degree of freedom. This model allowed an explicit description of the sensor plate movement and identification of the vibrating sensor. Analysis of frequency response of the ST-cut quartz sensor plate and a damping speed of its impulse response has been conducted. The analysis above was the basis to determine the ranges of parameters for vibrating plates to be useful in electronic warning systems. Generally, operation of electronic warning systems with SAW vibration sensors is based on the analysis of signal phase changes at the working frequency of delay line after being transmitted via two circuits of concatenated four-terminal networks. Frequencies of phase changes are equal to resonance frequencies of vibrating plates of sensors. The amplitude of these phase changes is proportional to the amplitude of vibrations of a sensor plate. Both pieces of information may be sent and recorded jointly by a simple electrical unit.
What determines “suitable habitat” for metapopulation studies? An analysis of environmental gradients and species assemblages in xeric forest openings
Authors: Delong Michael K. , Gibson David J.
Published: December 2011

•Premise of the study:For metapopulation and metacommunity studies, “suitable habitat” is an area within an otherwise inhospitable matrix in which a species can potentially or does occur. When examining aquatic habitats, for example, this habitat is much easier to define than in terrestrial regions. We tested the assumption that suitable habitat can be delimited in terrestrial ecosystems.

•Methods:We surveyed vascular plant species found in 38 forest openings (open suitable habitats) within a matrix of dry forest (an inhospitable habitat) at three sites in southern Illinois over two growing seasons. We compared species composition and environmental variables between these two habitats at three sites using non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM).

•Key results:Distinctions such as high canopy openness and high soil temperature were common to all forest openings compared with the forest matrix. Differences in canopy openness and soil temperature were correlated with significantly different vegetation between forest openings and forest matrix at each of the three sites. Among the three sites, 9.3–18.9% were forest opening specialists, consisting of 44 taxa, of which the majority were herbaceous forbs.

•Conclusions:The distinction between suitable and unsuitable habitat for some plant species may depend on a few variables, which may not be consistent between sites. This distinction means that there are potentially more situations than previously thought that metapopulation and metacommunity theory may be capable of explaining, meaning that more systems can be studied using a metapopulation context than previously thought.
Seabird and Dolphin Mortality Associated with Underwater Detonation Exercises
Authors: Danil Kerri , St. Leger Judy A.
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe report the details of two wildlife mortality events that were associated with underwater detonations. The detonations occurred as part of military training activities at Silver Strand Training Complex in San Diego, California. In March 2006, an underwater detonation
resulted in 70 western grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) being killed by subsequent sequential detonations in the same training exercise. Ten of the 70 western grebes impacted were necropsied, verifying cause of death as primary blast injury. In March 2011, a time-delayed underwater
detonation resulted in the death of three or possibly four long-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus capensis). While these blast events were unlikely to impact these species on a population level, underwater detonations do have the potential for population-level impacts on wildlife. Both
events were accidental mortalities and the first ever documented from Navy underwater detonation training in Hawaii, Southern California, and along the U.S. East Coast. The Navy updated its underwater explosive mitigation measures after each of these mortality events to limit the potential
of future mortalities by requiring sequential detonations to occur either less than 5 s or more than 30 min apart and by suspending time-delayed detonation training exercises until more robust precautionary measures can be developed.
An Omental Teratoma in a Young Girl
Authors: Wani Bhushan N. , Rathod Vishal , Banode Pankaj , Bhole Anil
Published: December 2011

Teratoma is the most commonly encountered germ cell tumour among the most common ovarian tumours; however, teratomas of the omentum and mesentery are extremely rare. They are usually asymptomatic or can produce compressive symptoms. The imaging features are suggestive. The present report describes such a case of primary omental teratoma encountered in a young patient, which was managed by surgical resection. The histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of mature cystic teratoma. Germ cell tumors are congenital tumors containing derivatives of all the three germinal layers, frequently seen in gonads. But their occurrence in extragonadal sites, such as omental teratoma, is relatively rare.
Temporal variation of seismic parameters in the western part of the India-Eurasia plate collision zone
Authors: Baskoutas Ioannis , Popandopoulos George , Chingtham Prasanta
Published: December 2011

We examined the temporal seismicity variation in the north-west Himalayas and the adjacent regions in relation to strong earthquake occurrences in the period 1970-2010. The aim was to promote seismic hazard assessment and to show the possibilities of strong earthquake forecasting by means of the FastBEE computer tool. The temporal variation of the seismicity is expressed in terms of three basic seismic parameters: the logarithm of the number of earthquakes logN, the seismic energy released in the mode logE2/3 and the b-value of the earthquake magnitude-frequency distribution expressed by the Gutenberg-Richter relation. Significant changes to relative mean values, forming consecutive relative minima and maxima, of the obtained temporal variation series of the seismicity parameters can be considered anomalies. These anomalies were investigated before strong (magnitude Mw≥5.6.) earthquake occurrences and were successfully correlated with 12 strong earthquakes. The mean time of the duration of the anomalies before the origin time of the impending earthquake were estimated to be equal to 3.3±1.3 years. We conclude that, in the region under study, the established correlations can be useful for the intermediate-term forecasting of strong earthquakes and that the continuous monitoring of the temporal evolution of seismicity by means of the FastBEE tool can contribute to the evaluation of the seismic hazard status in a target area. The available earthquake data and the results obtained indicate that after the beginning of 2006, the temporal variation of the seismicity does not present clear prognostic anomalies. This behavior is compatible with the absence of earthquakes with a magnitude of Mw 6.0 or more in the area examined.