bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proactive knowledge and its role in forensic methodology for the investigation of crimes committed in the provision of medical care
Authors: Хазизулин Виталий Билалуевич
Published: July 2022

В статье отражаются особенности расследования уголовных дел о преступлениях, совершаемых при оказании медицинской помощи. Приводится обоснование сложности восприятия и понимания специальных медицинских знаний. На примере тактико-криминалистических рекомендаций по производству допроса медицинского работника определяются особенности данного следственного действия; обозначаются подлежащие учету факторы и специфика допрашиваемых лиц, влияющие на объективность информации, получаемой в процессе данного следственного действия. При этом акцентируется внимание на необходимости предварительного изучения следователем существа исследуемого профиля медицинской деятельности, а также ее организации в конкретном медицинском образовании. В связи с этим приводятся профессиональные качества, которыми следователю необходимо обладать и которые необходимо использовать для качественного и эффективного расследования профессиональных преступлений медицинских работников. Обосновывается необходимость задействования следователем упреждающего знания и его роль в эффективном расследовании профессиональных преступлений медицинских работников. Формулируется авторское определение такого знания, его цели и значение при производстве по уголовному делу.

The article reflects the peculiarities of the investigation of criminal cases on crimes committed in the provision of medical care. The substantiation of complexity of perception and understanding of special medical knowledge is given. On the example of tactical and forensic recommendations for the interrogation of a medical worker, the features of this investigative action are determined; the factors to be taken into account and the specifics of the interrogated persons that affect the objectivity of the information obtained in the course of this investigative action are indicated. At the same time, attention is paid to the need for prior knowledge of the investigator of the essence of the investigated profile of medical activity, as well as its organization in a particular medical education. In this connection, the professional qualities that an investigator should possess and use for qualitative and effective investigation of professional crimes of medical workers are cited. The necessity of using anticipatory knowledge by the investigator and its role in the effective investigation of professional crimes of medical workers is substantiated. The author's definition of such knowledge, its purpose and significance in criminal proceedings are formulated.
Seizure of property of third parties in cases of tax crimes
Authors: Павлюкова Ольга Николаевна
Published: July 2022

Статья 115 Уголовно-процессуального кодекса Российской Федерации в качестве одной из мер процессуального принуждения предусматривает арест на имущество, в том числе и арест на имущество третьих лиц. Наложение ареста на имущество является одной из самых эффективных мер с точки зрения защиты прав потерпевших, в то же время при наложении ареста на имущество третьих лиц затрагиваются конституционные права последних, к которым относится охраняемое Конституцией РФ и государством право частной собственности. В статье рассматриваются основания наложения ареста на имущество третьих лиц, а также вопросы, возникающие при возбуждении перед судом ходатайства о наложении ареста на указанное имущество. Вносятся рекомендации по заявлению указанного ходатайства.

Article 115 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, as one of the measures of procedural coercion, provides for the seizure of property, including the seizure of property of third parties. The seizure of property is one of the most effective measures from the point of view of protecting the rights of victims, at the same time the seizure of property of third parties affects their constitutional rights, which include the right of private property protected by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the state. The article discusses the grounds for the seizure of the property of third parties, as well as issues that arise, when filing a petition to the court for the seizure of the specified property. The author makes recommendations on the application of the said petition.
Organizational basis for the investigation of crimes against the sexual integrity and sexual freedom of minors committed using the Internet
Authors: Иващенко Мария Алексеевна
Published: July 2022

Руководствуясь собственной следственной практикой по расследованию преступлений против половой неприкосновенности и половой свободы несовершеннолетних, совершаемых с использованием сети Интернет, и проведенным в рамках исследования научным интервью со следователями СК России из разных регионов страны, автор обозначает в статье проблемы организационного характера, возникающие при расследовании данной категории преступлений. Обращено внимание на взаимодействие следственных органов с подразделениями «К» Бюро специальных технических мероприятий МВД России. В качестве примера такого взаимодействия отражено поручение о проведении оперативно-разыскных мероприятий. Даны конкретные рекомендации по поиску и идентификации пользователя сети Интернет.

Based on his own investigative practice in investigating crimes against sexual inviolability and sexual freedom of minors committed using the Internet, and conducted a scientific interview with investigators of the Investigative Committee of Russia from different regions of the country, the author identifies in the article organizational problems that arise during the investigation of this category crimes. The author draws attention to the interaction of the investigating authorities with the subdivisions "K" of the Bureau of Special Technical Measures of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. As an example of such interaction, the article reflects an order to conduct operational search activities. Specific recommendations on the search and identification of an Internet user are given.
Prüfung der Tränenfilmmessungen eines multifunktionalen Instrumentes
Authors: Pult Heiko
Published: July 2022

Purpose. The aim of this study was to test the measurements of the tear film stability and tear meniscus height of the Visio- nix 120+ (VX; Luneau Technology, Jerusalem, Israel). Material and Methods. In 24 volunteers (mean age = 37.42 ± 14.23 (standard deviation)), the tear film stability (V-NIBUT and V-NIBUT M) and the tear meniscus height (V-TMH) were determined with VX and the gold-standard, the “Tearscope” technique, of the right eyes (control; NIBUT and TMH). The symptoms were observed using the Ocular Disease Index-6 (OSDI-6). The methods were analysed with Cohen’s Kappa and intra-class correlation (ICC), the prediction probability with the Receiver-Operator-Characteristic-Curve (ROC). Results. The average OSDI-6 grade was 8.00 ± 5.75, the average tear film stability, measured with the VX, was 3.92 s ± 1.79 (V-NIBUT) and 7.36 s ± 1.67 (V-NIBUT M), the control was 10.57 s ± 6.84. The mean tear meniscus height, measured with the VX, was 0.31 mm ± 0.10, the control 0.31 mm ± 0.11. The Cohen’s Kappa analysis showed none to slight agree- ment between methods (V-NIBUT - NIBUT: Kappa -0.005, p = 0.708; V-NIBUT M – NIBUT: Kappa 0.035, p = 0.032; V-TMH - TMH: Kappa 0.06, p = 0.051). V-NIBUT to NIBUT gave an ICC of 0.167 (p = 0.332), V-NIBUT M to NIBUT gave 0.296 (p = 0,203) and V-TMH to TMH -0.192 (p = 0.661). While NIBUT was a significant discriminator of OSDI-6, this was not the case with V-NIBUT or V-NIBUT M (NIBUT: area under the ROC (AUC) = 0.832, p = 0.009; V-NIBUT: AUC = 0.547; p = 0.145; V-NIBUT M: AUC = 0.668, p = 0.127). Conclusion. The measurements of the VX differed signifi- cantly from the control measurements. Keywords tear film stability, NIBUT, tear meniscus height, OSDI-6, dry eye
Kurzzeitige Auswirkung von Ortho-K auf Achslänge und Aderhautdicke
Authors: Klimešová Iva , Kempgens Christian
Published: July 2022

Purpose. To investigate the short-term effect of orthokerato- logy (ortho-k) on choroidal thickness (CHT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness (CCT), and its rela- tionship to the change in axial length (AL). Material and Methods. Sixteen eyes of sixteen adult (age 25 - 54 years) ortho-k lens wearers discontinued treatment for one month. Measurements were taken before discontinua- tion, at the end of the break, and 2 - 4 weeks after resuming ortho-k lens wear. CHT was measured subfoveally and then nasally, as well as temporally of the fovea at 4 locations. Meas- urements were taken between 2 and 6 pm. Results. No significant change in subfoveal CHT was found. The CHT decreased significantly only 1 and 1.5 mm nasally after discontinuation (-12 ± 21 µm p = 0.035 and -13 ± 17 µm p = 0.006) and increased 0.5 mm temporally after resuming the lens wear (+11 ± 17 µm p = 0.025). Both CCT and ACD increased significantly after discontinuation of ortho-k lens wear (+8 ± 11.0 µm p = 0.01 and +0.04 ± 0.05 mm p = 0.005) and then decreased again after resuming ortho-k lens wear (-7 ± 11 µm p = 0.03 and -0.05 ± 0.07 mm p = 0.009). AL did not change significantly between any of the study phases and correlated significantly negatively with CHT, but with no other parameters. Conclusion. Subfoveal CHT did not change significantly due to short-term ortho-k lens treatment in adults. AL was not affected by the treatment either, despite the increase in ACD after discontinuation. Thus, ortho-k does not seem to have a short-term influence on AL. Keywords orthokeratology, choroidal thickness, myopia, myopia control, axial length, OCT
Augenuntersuchungen bei Schulkindern mit einer Autismus-Spektrums-Störung: Eine Fallserie zur Beurteilung von Strategien und Hilfsmitteln
Authors: Coulter Rachel A. , Jenewein Erin , Tea Yin , Fecho Gregory , Bade Annette , Rodena Jacqueline
Published: July 2022

Purpose. To present a case series of how five Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) patients completed a comprehensive eye ex- amination when visual, sensory, and communication supports and tests and techniques minimizing tactile defensiveness were employed. Methods. Patients, between 9 and 17 years, with a confirmed diagnosis of ASD completed an eye examination using a protocol designed to accommodate communication, sensory processing, and motor challenges. Parents provided informa- tion regarding verbal communication level (nonverbal, uses short words, verbal). Results. 5 patients (2 females, 3 males) completed the protocol. Two were verbal and three were nonverbal or minimally verbal. Of these, 1 patient used a communication device to response Yes/No, 1 reviewed a social story in advance of the examination, 2 used a Lea acuity response card, 1 used the palm of a hand in place of an occlude, 1 utilized a sensory fidget. Conclusion. ASD patients, including those who are nonverbal or limited verbal language as reported by their parents, vary in their needs and responses, but can complete many vision and eye tests in a comprehensive eye examination when supports are provided. Keywords Autism Spectrum Disorder, eye examination, sensory pro- cessing, communication Keywords Autism Spectrum Disorder, eye examination, sensory pro- cessing, communication
Risikofaktoren für die Entstehung und Progression der diabetischen Retinopathie
Authors: Gabel-Pfisterer Ameli
Published: July 2022

Purpose. Diabetes mellitus is a global disease in which a reduced insulin production or effect affects the blood sugar metabolism. The incidence of the illness is rising steadily. An elevated blood sugar level implies changes in the vascular walls and, in the long term, a reduced blood flow to some ar- eas of the retina As a result, growth factors such as VEGF are overexpressed, which can lead to vitreous haemorrhage and traction-related retinal detachment via the formation of new blood vessels. The aim of this work is to review the literature to discuss the risk factors relevant for the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Material and Methods. We carried out a differentiated liter- ature review regarding the risk factors relevant to the devel- opment and/or progression of diabetic retinopathy based on a detailed description of the different forms of diabetes. The different risk factors were discussed and evaluated in the context of the different stages of diabetic retinopathy. Results. The risk of retinal conditions increases with the du- ration of the underlying diabetic disease and a significantly higher blood pressure. In insulin-dependent type 1 diabetics, optimising the time in range can reduce the risk. In type 2 diabetics, whose disease is often associated with obesity and increased blood lipid levels, an increase in physical activity can be useful in addition to optimal blood sugar control. All factors that reduce blood circulation, such as nicotine consumption or an increase in intraocular pressure, are to be regarded as risk factors. The first visible ocular signs of diabetic retinopathy are outpouching of the vascular walls (microaneurysms), the number of which correlates with the risk of progression of the retinal disease. Conclusion. It is crucial to understand the systemic and ocular risk factors to reduce the risk of developing or progressing diabetic retinopathy. A clear risk factor that can be reduced is nicotine. Interrupting an anti-VEGF therapy may lead to the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Keywords Risk factors, diabetic retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, development and progression
Postoperative Stabilität der Refraktion nach Katarakt-Operation
Authors: Dietze Holger , Kruse Marina
Published: July 2022

Aim. The goal of the present study is to determine how much time must pass after a cataract surgery with no complications to achieve a sufficiently stable refraction. Subjects and methods. We measured the postoperative refraction of 61 pseudophakic subjects (mean age: 74.32 ± 7.11 years) five times with an autorefractor. The subjects had undergone unilateral cataract surgery and the time intervals for the measurement went from one day to eight weeks after the operation. In order to obtain the spherical equiva- lent (SE) and the cylinder power, the difference from each measurement and the last measurement in the seventh or eighth week post-surgery was taken. The Friedman test for paired samples was used to see if there were any significant differences in spherical equivalent and cylinder power in the 5 measurements taken. In addition, two repeated measure- ments were taken on one eye of 16 phakic subjects with good ocular health pertaining to a similar age group to determine the measurement uncertainty of the autorefractor (± 1.96 SD for the measured value differences). Results. In the case of the spherical equivalent, we found no statistically significant difference between the individual re- peated test series. The cylinder power was significantly higher on the first day after the operation than during all subsequent appointments, but then showed no significant difference between all measurements taken during the examinations after the first day. The differences in the spherical equivalent between one measurement and the reference measurement (7 - 8 weeks after the surgery) resulted in 95 % confidence intervals (± 1.96 SD) of approximately ± 2.00 dioptres (D) on the first day post-surgery and lay between ± 1.20 D and ± 0.80 D in post-surgery weeks 1, 3 and 5. The corresponding con- fidence intervals for the cylinder power were ± 2.00 D on the first day post-surgery and lay between ± 1.27 D and ± 0.88 D in post-surgery weeks 1, 3 and 5. The statistical dispersion of the spherical equivalent and the cylinder power decreased slightly as the time from the surgery increased. We estimated a measurement uncertainty for automated refractometry performed on older phakic eyes of ± 0.80 D for the spherical equivalent and ± 1.16 D for the cylinder power. Conclusion. The refractive power of a pseudophakic eye can be determined with sufficient certainty after one to three weeks after undergoing cataract surgery without compli- cations. This means that optical aids to correct any residual refractive error or presbyopia can be prescribed earlier than before and, hence, the number of follow-up appointments required to measure a stable refraction can be reduced. Keywords Cataract, postoperative refraction, refraction measurement, repeated automated refractometry, Intraocular lenses (IOL)
Die Pathologische Myopie und die Gefahr struktureller Komplikationen mit visuellen Einschränkungen
Authors: Mühlberg Stephanie
Published: July 2022

Purpose. Pathological Myopie (PM) causes structural chan- ges at the posterior segment of the eye that may lead to pathological changes including severe vision loss. The aim of this paper is to describe the pathologies most commonly associated with PM. Material and Methods. The literature review includes the current state of knowledge regarding the structural changes of the posterior segment due to PM, based on theoretical and methodological literature. The selected literature includes nine studies published in 2020 – 2021 as well as reports and assessments of public institutions. Publications by the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Council of Optometry (WCO), the International Myopia Institute (IMI) and the Brien Holden Vision Institute (BHVI) as well as cohort studies with children and adults from China, Singapore, Korea, Taiwan, Japan and Germany were taken into account. Results. Four eye diseases and their relationship to PM are explained and their pathological consequences described. Current therapies to improve the visual acuity in pathologies in the macula are presented. Conclusion. PM often causes structural changes in the macu- lar area. This leads to a significant loss of vision in those affec- ted. Without treatment, PM can lead to blindness. In view of the increase in myopia and the number of myopes worldwide, it is important to sensitize the population to this topic. Keywords myopic retinopathy, lacquer cracks, myopic macular dege- neration (MMD), myopic chorioretinal neovascularization (mCNV), glaucoma
On the problem of the switching of the fast server
Authors: Bayramov E.B. , Mehbaliyeva E.V.
Published: July 2022

A Markovian model of a system with two heterogeneous servers is investigated, in which the slow server is always on, and the fast server can turn on when the job queue length reaches a certain value. Models with unlimited and limited size of the buffer of waiting jobs are considered. A numerical method for calculating the probability distribution of states and characteristics of the systems under study is developed. The results of numerical experiments are given.
Evaluation of Pregnancies with Pre-existing Hypertension and Diabetes
Authors: Qaiser Hateem , John Akash , Ali Abid , Bano Shehr , Ashfaq Nayyar
Published: July 2022

The complications in  pregnancy can happen due to diabetes and hypertension which may affect the mother or the fetus. Objective: To evaluate pregnancy in hypertensive and diabetic pregnant women to detect associated risk factors and complications. Methods:The research was a cross-sectional method of study, conducted over 4 months from December 2021 to March 2022 in a private hospital in Gujranwala, Pakistan. A sample size of 50 was considered as per convenience. The data was analyzed using SPSS V20 software. The age of patients considered was  minimum 18 years to maximum 50 years . The scan was done using greyscale type 2D Mindary ultrasound equipment. A written consent form was also taken from patients. Results:  The results showed that 15(30%)  patients were presented with diabetes mellitus, 32(64%) has hypertension and 3(6%) has both hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The complications included low lying placenta and placental abruption in 1(2%), polyhydramnios in 3(6%) and oligohydramnios in 1(2%). Microcephaly was found in 1(2%) and hydrocephalus was seen in 2(4%). Fetal abortion was found in 7(14%) and only 3(6%) have  chance of  having a fetus with abnormalities due to hypertension and diabetes whereas most of them have normal birth 43(86%) with no complications. Conclusion: In conclusion, the majority of women with diabetes mellitus and  hypertension can have a normal pregnancy and birth, but some may face difficulties such as intrauterine fetal mortality, fetal congenital abnormalities and defects and still birth
Measurement of Uterus Sizes Of Multiparous Women using Ultrasound
Authors: Fatima Nayab , John Akash , Ali Abid , Amir Arshia , Mubbarka Maryam
Published: July 2022

Human uterus is a pear-shaped fibromuscular organ. The measurements of a typical uterus are 7.6x4. 5x3cm. The uterus grows slowly during fetal life until the end of the first trimester when it grows at a higher rate due to increased maternal oestrogen production. As a result of this continuation of the maternal oestrogen the uterus shrinks immediately after delivery. Objective: To evaluate uterus size in multiparous women using ultrasound. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out at private sector hospital of Gujrat over 4 months period from December 2021 to March 2022. The sample size was 41 calculated via a convenient sampling approach from previously published studies. Multiparous women following ultrasound examination during the study period were included after receiving informed consent. The patients’ demographic statistics were collected on a specially designed data collecting sheet. The data was analyzed using the SSPS V20 program. Results: The average length was 7.9±1.15, width was 4.3±0.77, and thickness 3.5±0.66. There was no significant correlation between uterine size (length, width, thickness) and many parities because the value in the "Sig. (2-tailed)" is 0.607, 0.640, and 0.983 respectively which is more than 0.05.Conclusion: The current study found no correlation between the number of parities and the length, width, and thickness diameters of the uterus.
Comparison of Effectiveness of Muscle energy Technique with Strain Counter Strain Technique on the Patients of Non-Specific Neck Pain
Authors: Ameer Taimoor , Ghaffar Noman , Ahmed Zahoor Idrees , Ali Rana Arif , Ahmad Irfan , Azam Humaira
Published: July 2022

Non-specific neck pain is a condition which is diagnosed through symptoms when serious and objective cervical spinal pathology (e.g., trauma, malignancy, radiculopathy, etc.) has been ruled out. Many studies have done previously for both techniques, muscle energy technique and strain-counter strain technique, for treatment of patients with non-specific neck pain Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique with Strain Counter- Strain Technique in patients with non-specific neck pain Methods: Single blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted. The assessor was blinded from the allocation in the groups. Forty Patients were included in the study divided into two groups; each group received one technique. They were followed for Seven sessions. Questionnaire including visual analogue scale, NDI were used to collect pre-treatment and post- treatment data. Data was analyzed by using SPSS ver. 21. Independent sample t test was applied to compare means of patients Results: Neck flexion of the Patients pretreatment Mean Group 1:24.6500, Group2:23.0500. Neck Flexion of the patient after treatment Mean Group 1(SCS) 32.0500 Group 2(MET) 40.0000 Neck Extension of the Patient pretreatment Mean Group 1: 33.8500 Group 2:  30.6500. Neck extension of the patients. Post treatment Mean SCS 41.5000 MET53. 2500.The given results and detailed results given in the table shows that both techniques are improving ROM, but MET are more effective than SCS. p value is 0.001 which is significant Conclusion: This study concluded that Muscle Energy Technique is better in reducing pain as compared to Strain Counter Strain Technique
Quality of Life in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Asif Tania , Ali Rana Arif , Ahmed Zahoor Idrees , Ghaffar Noman , Ahmad Irfan , Idrees Qasim
Published: July 2022

Osteoarthritis is a joint degenerative disease. Old age is the usual cause of knee osteoarthritis. Knee osteoarthritis affects quality of life (physical, social and psychological) of patient and can cause other health related problems. Most people who undergo knee osteoarthritis have serious consequences, which affect their quality of life. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of life in patient by knee osteoarthritis. Methods: This was a cross sectional study that was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan in 2017. The sample size of 192 was taken with the age range of 30 to 70 years. SF-36 V2 extracted questionnaire was used to find out the quality of life in patients by knee osteoarthritis. People were asked about the effect of knee osteoarthritis on their physical, social and psychological health and result was calculated. Results: Quality of life was seen in 192 individuals having knee osteoarthritis with mean age of 47.66 years (range from 30 to 70). A strong impact of osteoarthritis was found on quality of life of such patients. Physical health limitation was found to be 59.9% and psychological impact was 49.5%. Conclusion: It was concluded that people with knee osteoarthritis had poor quality of life. Their physical, social and psychological health was compromised to a healthy individual.
Developments of Doctoral Studies Management Process in NAS RA
Authors:   National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia International Scientific-Educational Center, Mkhitaryan Atom , Begoyan Karine ,   National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia International Scientific-Educational Center
Published: July 2022

The paper analyzes the developments of doctoral studies in National Academy of Sciences of RA since 1997 and the management process. Education and training of highly qualified personnel is increasingly seen as a fundamental platform that ensures the development of the state. Reforming the national institute for doctoral studies (aspirantura) is aimed at improving the quality of human resources in science, optimizing research topics in accordance with the priority areas of development of science and technology, increasing publication and innovative activities, bringing national science and research closer to the world level and achieving international recognition.We present numbers of defended dissertations both in Armenia and in NAS RA during the last 25 years, the dynamics and the main trends of development of academic degree awarding system. We discuss the possible impact of reforming of the system of training and certification of highly qualified personnel on the organization of third – level doctoral education (doctoral schools) and specialized / dissertation councils in NAS RA.
A New Method of Visualization of the Brain Functional Activity Dynamics
Authors:   National Academy of Sciences Institute of Physiology after Levon Orbeli, Ghevondyan Tigran , Antonyan Inna ,   National Academy of Sciences Institute of Physiology after Levon Orbeli, Ghevondyan Hakob ,   National Academy of Sciences Institute of Physiology after Levon Orbeli
Published: July 2022

Mankind is tirelessly working on improving existing devices, developing new devices for studying the brain, for assessing the cognitive and psycho-emotional state of a person. Currently, to study the functional activity of the brain, devices are used which combine the concepts of PET / CT, fMRT, fNIRS. These methods use X-rays, powerful magnetic fields, infrared rays, and visible light rays.
Nickel Risk Assessment through the Consumption of Flour-Based Products and Cereals
Authors:   Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies National Academy of Sciences, RA, Stepanyan Seda , Khachatryan Monika ,   Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies National Academy of Sciences, RA, Pipoyan Davit ,   Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies National Academy of Sciences, RA
Published: July 2022

Flour-based products and cereals are one of the most consumed food items in Armenia. The aim of this study is to conduct Ni risk assessment through the consumption of flour-based products and cereals. The consumption data of flour-based products and cereals has been gathered through a 24-hour recall survey, including 1400 adult respondents of the Republic of Armenia. Ni risk assessment has been conducted through a Margin of Exposure (MOE) approach. Ni contents were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) values ranged from 8.63E-06 to 5.55E-04 mg/kg bw per day and did not exceed the threshold. The average EDI was equal to 1.53E-04 mg/kg bw per day. In all the regions, MOE values were lower than 30 in case of the intake of bread, lavash, buckwheat, emmer and groat. In case of pasta intake, the MOEs were lower than 30 only in Armavir and Lori regions, while in other regions MOEs were slightly above 30. Only for rice, the MOE values were higher than 30, indicating no possible health risks. Overall, the intake of products with MOEs lower than 30 may cause health problems and allergies, especially for Ni sensitized individuals.
Full title: Elevated serum homocitrulline levels in patients with multiple sclerosis and its relationship with disease activity

Short Title: Protein carbamylation and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Onmaz Duygu , k Saziye , Ekmekci Ahmet , Ozturk Serefnur , Sak Firdevs , Kuzu Menekse , Unlu Ali
Published: July 2022

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of central nervous system. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is the major protein in the structure of the myelin sheath, and the abnormal autoimmune response to MBP is related to the demiyelinization in MS. This autoimmune response is thought to be related to extensive post-translational modifications that may occur in the primary structure of MBP. Considering the role of post-translational modifications of MBP in the pathogenesis of MS, this study aimed to investigate the role of carbamylation in the pathogenesis of MS by measuring Hcit levels in patients with MS.

Materials and Methods: This study included 80 patients with MS according to McDonald criteria by clinicians, and 60 healthy volunteers. Patients were divided into 2 groups as relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) (n=44) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS) (n=36) according to Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score evaluated by clinicians. Serum homocitrulline and lysine levels were measured with validated tandem mass spectrometric method.

Results: Serum Hcit levels in patients with MS were statistically significantly higher than the healthy controls. Comparison of MS subgroups according to Hcit levels showed that serum Hcit levels were higher in patients with SPMS than in patients with RRMS. Serum Hcit levels were positively correlated with EDSS and disease duration.

Conclusion: Serum Hcit levels were significantly elevated in patients with MS. Moreover, there was a correlation between serum Hcit levels and disease activity and duration of disease.
Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Life Satisfaction in Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
Authors: in ule , ran ahin
Published: July 2022

Aim: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a skin disease with high rates of comorbid psychopathology. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between CSU and anxiety, depression, stress and life satisfaction.
Materials and methods: A total of 204 participants were included in the study, 101 of them were CSU patients and 103 of them were in the healthy control group. Demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained by the questionnaire created by our research team. Depression anxiety stress scale (DASS) and satisfaction with life scale were used to assess psychological status and life satisfaction. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS version 17.0.
Results: Stress and anxiety scores (15,88±6,73 to 13,33±6,05, p<0,05 and 10,06±5,94 to 7,35±5,09, p<0,001) were significantly higher in CSU patients than control group. Stress (16.8±6.9 to 13.3±5.4), anxiety (11.1±5.8 to 7.4±5.4) and depression (10.9±6, 3 to 7.0±4.7) scores were significantly higher (p<0.05), life satisfaction (22.3±6.2 to 24.9±4.7) scores were significantly lower (p<0.05) in female patients with CSU. Unlike the control group, age and marital status did not make a significant difference on stress, anxiety, depression and life satisfaction in CSU patients.
Conclusions: Dermatological treatment alone is not sufficient in CSU. Patients with CSU also need psychological interventions to cope with stress, anxiety and depression, and thus increase their life satisfaction.
Evaluation of the learning curve in terms of operation time in robotic assisted unicondylar knee arthroplasty
Authors: lay Yusuf , Turan Kayhan , Kezer Murat , Uysal Yunus , Temiz Abdulaziz
Published: July 2022

Objective: There are few studies in the literature evaluating the robotic assisted unicondylar knee arthroplasty (rUKA) learning curve. This study aimed to evaluate the learning curve in robotic assisted unicondylar knee arthroplasty in terms of operation time.
Materials and methods: The data of patients who underwent rUKA between October 2016 and December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Age, gender, side, and body mass index (BMI) values of the patients were obtained from the patient files. To compare the operation times, the patients were divided into two groups. The first group represented patients who had surgery in the first half of the follow-up period (n=27), while the last group represented patients who had surgery in the second half of the follow-up period (n=28).
Results: During the study period, rUKA was performed on 55 patients (42 females, 13 males) with a mean age of 64.1 years. The demographic data of the two groups were similar. The mean operative times of the first (n=27) and the last groups (n=28) were 101.8±16.1 minutes, and 84.8±9.9 minutes, respectively (p <0.001).
Conclusion: The mean duration of operation was significantly shorter in the last group who underwent rUKA, compared to the first group. Our findings showed that there is a significant learning curve in rUKA surgery in terms of operation time.
Evaluation of inflammatory and biochemical markers in COVID-19 patients treated with tocilizumab alone or with the combination of tocilizumab and convalescent plasma transfusion
Authors: YILMAZ Ibrahim , BILIR Bulent , DOGAN Mustafa , KARAARSLAN Numan , OZBEK Hanefi
Published: July 2022

Objective: Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) develops due to increased expression of systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Immune modulators have been used in anti-cytokine therapy, with the hypothesis that they can ensure cytokine inhibition and treat cytokine storm. The present study aimed to evaluate inflammatory and prognostic biomarkers in severe COVID-19 cases treated with tocilizumab (TCZ) alone or with the combination of tocilizumab and convalescent plasma transfusion (CPT).
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, data archives of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) and who were treated with TCZ alone or the combination of CPT and TCZ were evaluated in line with the literature. The obtained data were statistically evaluated and the alpha significance value was taken as <0.05.
Results: Post-treatment C-reactive protein (CRP) (76.19% in TCZ-administered group; 89.32% in TCZ+CPT-administered group) (P<0.05), troponin I (TNI) (25.64% in TCZ-administered group; 90.39% in TCZ+CPT-administered group) (P<0.05), and ferritin (FER) (63.63% in the TCZ-administered group; 9.09% in the TCZ+CPT-administered) (P<0.05) levels were decreased compared to pre-treatment stage. The mean length of hospital stay was longer in the patients treated with TCZ alone (21.55±8.89 days) than in the patients treated with the combination of TCZ and CPT (27.09±13.66 days) (P<0.05).

Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic characteristics. The combination of TCZ and CPT treatment did not decrease the mortality. A significant decrease in CRP and TNI levels was observed in the patients treated with TCZ alone and with the combination of TCZ and CPT. A decrease in FER levels showed the effectiveness of the treatments.
Agénésie de l´artère pulmonaire droite, à propos d’un cas
Authors: ettabyaoui ayoub , Benaaddacha Hiba , Bouardi Nizar , Haloua Meriem , lamrani my , Boubbou Meryem , maaroufi mustapha , alami bader
Published: July 2022

L’agénésie unilatérale de l’artère pulmonaire est une malformation congénitale rare. Sa symptomatologie respiratoire est variable : infections respiratoires, gêne à l’effort, hémoptysie. Sur le plan radiologique, cette anomalie peut être évoquée  sur une radiographie thoracique standard mais doit être confirmée par angiographie. 
Nous rapportons le cas d’une jeune patiente âgée de 27 ans, présentant une dyspnée stade III de NYHA. 
Un angioscanner a été réalisé et a objectivé une agénésie de l’artère pulmonaire droite.
La prise en charge de ces patients n’est pas encore consensuelle à ce jour et dépend de l’évolution clinique. Cependant il se limite le plus souvent à une surveillance clinique et paraclinique régulière afin de dépister d’éventuelles complications.
Ust-Duygu Olceginin Turkceye Uyarlanmasi ve Psikometrik Ozelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Yardimci Adalet , Bahtiyar Başak
Published: July 2022

Ust-duygular, bireyin kendi birincil duygularina yonelik deneyimledigi duygusal tepkileri icermektedir. Ust-Duygu Olcegi (Meta-Emotion Scale), ust-duygusal tepki ve deneyimleri degerlendirmek icin kullanilan oz bildirime dayali bir olcum aracidir. Bu calişmada olcegin Turkce ye uyarlamasinin yapilmasi ve psikometrik ozelliklerinin incelenmesi amaclanmiştir. Bu amacla calişma, yaşlari 18 ile 50 arasinda degişken (Ort. = 28.49, S = 6.95) 293 gonullu katilimci (179 kadin, 114 erkek) ile yurutulmuştur. Araştirmanin verisi demografik bilgi formunun yani sira, Ust-Duygu Olcegi, Bilişsel ve Duygusal Bilincli Farkindalik Olcegi  Revize Formu (BDBFO-R), Kabullenme ve Eylem Olcegi-II (KEO-II), Psikolojik İyi Oluş Olcegi (PİO) kullanilarak elde edilmiştir. Acimlayici faktor analizi sonuclarina gore 26 madde iceren Turkce form, Olumlu Ust-Duygular ve Olumsuz-Ust Duygular olmak uzere 2 boyutlu bir yapi sergilemektedir. Olcek boyutlari iyi duzeyde ic tutarlik ozelligine sahiptir. Gecerlik analizlerinde olumlu ve olumsuz ust-duygular ile bilincli farkindalik, psikolojik esneklik ve psikolojik iyi olma arasinda beklenen yonde ilişkiler gozlenmiştir. Ayrica Olumlu Ust-Duygular boyutunun psikoloji iyi olmayi, esneklik ve farkindaligin otesinde aciklayabildigi belirlenmiştir. Calişma sonuclari Ust-Duygu Olceginin Turkce formunun duygulara yonelik olumlu ve olumsuz duygusal tepkileri degerlendirmek icin kullanilabilecek gecerli ve guvenilir bir olcum araci oldugunu işaret etmektedir.
Evaluation of the reliability of SE33 locus in forensic DNA identification in Turkish Population
Authors: Degerli Ismail , Yukseloglu Emel , Korkmaz Mehmet
Published: July 2022

Forensic DNA studies is a powerful tool in criminal investigations and paternity test. In recent years, STR (Short Tandem Repeat) DNA loci are being used more and more in forensic identification all over the world. In this context, polymorphism rates and frequency of the SE33 region, which is an autosomal STR locus, is aimed to be determined about its reliability. Evaluations were made on the samples of 500 individuals who did not have close relatives. Genomic DNA isolation was carried out by DNA isolation kits (EZ-1 investigator kit and Power Plex Fusion 6C Direct kit) previously by the authorized staff of İzmir Forensic Medicine Group Presidency. SE33 STR locus amplification was achieved with the Powerplex Fusion 6C kit from the isolated DNA. In the study, homozygote genotype rate was 5.4%, heterozygote genotype rate was 94.6%, power of discrimination (PD) 0.992 and matching probability (PM) was 0.008. The lowest frequency alleles were determined as 7,10,16.3,17.2,23,24,29, 34.2,35.2,37 alleles with 0.1%. It is seen that SE33 STR locus is a strong marker in forensic identification compared to other studies in terms of power of discrimination and matching probability.
Editorial
Authors: Alabdulwahhab Khalid
Published: July 2022

From Editor’s Desk…

The damage caused by the pandemic has led to a global health disaster that has changed the way we see the world and how we go about our daily lives. We are just starting to understand the longterm implications of infection with COVID-19 because it is a relatively novel disease. It’s probable that the harm done to COVID-19 survivors’ lungs and other organs will have long-lasting effects and complicate their recovery.

Studies showed that after 15 years, more than one-third of people who had SARS still had lung damage. In a follow-up, another study on MERS found that 36% of patients had lung damage. If lung damage is a long-term effect of COVID-19, it could mean that patients are more likely to get bacterial infections even after they have gotten over their initial COVID-19 infection. In addition, frequent need of antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections is a major drawback of COVID-19 exposure. As a result, antibiotic resistance could rise as a long-term consequence of the pandemic.

According to studies, empirical antibiotics were given to 72% of COVID-19 hospital patients, most likely to rule out bacterial infections that were acquired in the community and to stop bacterial secondary infections. The majority of the early pandemic research came from China, however the antibiotic regimen will probably differ depending on the time and locale.

It’s important to note that the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence’s most recent guidelines say that antibiotics should only be used in COVID-19 cases if there are signs of a bacterial infection other than COVID-19 pneumonia symptoms (e.g., localized chest findings, a neutrophil count outside the normal range, lobar consolidation on chest imaging, and positive microbiology).

Reference
Farrell JM, Zhao CY, Tarquinio KM, Brown SP. Causes and Consequences of COVID-19-Associated Bacterial Infections. Front Microbiol. 2021 Jul 20;12:682571. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.682571.

Dr. Khaid Mohammed Alabdulwahhab
Editor in Chief
A Concept Analysis of Oral Health Behavior Among Health Sciences Students at Majmaah University
Authors: Ghaffar Usama , Sami Waqas , Alshammari Abdulaziz , Alshahrani Muhannad , Aldhafeeri Omar , Almutairi Fahad , Almutairi Turki , Alotaibi Mohammed
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims: Oral health care is often overlooked as part of a healthy lifestyle. The state of one’s dental or oral health is determined by a variety of factors, including personal knowledge, traits, actions, and perceptions. It is crucial to be aware of health practices for maintaining standard oral health based on patients’ perceptions of oral health care. The goal of this study was to determine how well health sciences students at Majmaah University in Saudi Arabia knew about oral hygiene.

Methods: This is a cross sectional study and the samples were obtained from health sciences students at Majmaah university in the period of October 2019 to April 2020. To know oral health knowledge, attitude, habits, and self-opinion of one’s own dental appearance, a self-structured questionnaire was employed. SPSS software was used to examine the data.

Results: 36.1% of students are of the opinion that a regular visit to dentist is necessary. 91.6% of students think that as with any part of the body, teeth require care. 50% of female students were having a good knowledge about the oral health while were 12.9% of male were having a good knowledge. Most of dental students were having good knowledge (61.1%) while medical students was having moderate knowledge (43%) and the applied science students (75%) were having poor knowledge. (50.7%) of the students are not afraid from dental instrument and procedures. Also (30.8%) of the students prefer taking sedative while they go to dentist. 54.2% are happy with their tooth shape, and 52.4% are happy with their tooth color and 60.8% like their smile.

Conclusions: Dental students have a greater level of oral health awareness than medical and applied science students, according to the findings of this study. This could be because they include a similar theme on oral health in their curriculum, whereas these specialist themes may not be there in other programs.
Breast Cancer Screening Programme in Riyadh Peripheral Provinces: Coverage Rate, Participation Rate, and Recall Rate
Authors: Alsubaihi Nasser , Hassanein Muna , Bakhiet Hagir , Almoheteb Lolowh
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims: Assessing the performance of Breast Cancer screening programmes is essential to detect and remedy weaknesses and to improve the quality of the screening services. This study aimed to assess the coverage rate, participation rate, and recall rate of the Breast Cancer Screening in Riyadh Region.

Methods: This was a retrospective study in 11 Riyadh peripheral provinces. We used secondary data of women referred for screening and women who underwent mammography screening. Outcomes of the study included: Coverage rate by invitation; Coverage rate by examination; Participation rate; Recall rate.

Results: The invitation coverage rate was 5.2%, and it was highest among women in the age group 50-59 years (32.7%). The examination coverage rate was 1.1%, with women in the age group 50-59 years constituting the highest proportion (7%). The participation rate was 21.4% and was highest among women in the age group 50 to 69 years (22.4%). The recall rate was 10.1% and was highest among women in the age group < 40 years (18.6%).

Conclusion: In this study to assess the performance of the breast cancer screening programme, we detected low coverage and participation rates, most probably due to the opportunistic approach followed in inviting the target population, in addition to the geographical accessibility problem of the mammography testing sites. The recall rate aligned with the level set by the Saudi National Breast Cancer Screening Programme.
Hypoglycemia Associated Factors and Prevention Practices among Diabetic Patients in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Albarakati Abdulaziz , Shatla Mokhtar , Fakieha Abdullah , Alshehri Faisal , Alqarni Mohammed , Algurashi Husam
Published: July 2022

Background & Aims: Hypoglycemia is a serious medical crisis requiring immediate recognition and action to avoid morbidity and mortality. It happens when blood glucose level drops less than 70 mg/dl. Understanding the prevention practice of hypoglycemia, particularly in diabetic patients is a significant element to have a better hypoglycemia prognosis and treatment. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the knowledge and prevention practice of hypoglycemia and its associated factors among DM patients in Makkah region, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire in Makkah city population, Saudi Arabia. A total of 600 diabetic patients were collected by using an online version. The collected data and variables were measured by SPSS version 23.

Results: A total of 600 diabetic patients, the predominant age group was above 45 years 285 (47.5%). Regarding gender, the majority were females 303 (50.5%). Most of the participants were urban citizens 480 (80%). Approximately half of the patients had type 1 diabetes 301 (50.2%) and 346 (57.7%) of the participants had the illness for more than 5 years. Concerning, the knowledge about hypoglycemia, most of the subjects reported good knowledge 410 (68.3%) like the hypoglycemia prevention practice which revealed that 371 (61.8%) documented good practice.

Conclusion: Despite diabetic patients with sufficient knowledge of hypoglycemia and the strong correlation with good prevention practice. There was a knowledge gap in hypoglycemia prevention. Therefore, we recommend offering consultation for diabetic patients during their visits regarding hypoglycemia. For the significant points to improve their prevention practice.