bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors of youth suicidality in BiH
Authors: Taljanović Amila
Published: December 2022

The aim of this research was to examine the thinking of young people in Bosnia and Herzegovina about suicide and the reasons that could lead to the commission of this fatal act. Appreciating the specifics of puberty and adolescence, we included some high school students and faculties from Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition to researching the respondent's family relationships, we also researched the level of influence of school, social and peer environment, and the local community on the personality of children and youth. Compared to previous years, when the elderly were the most prone to suicide, today the number of adolescent suicides has drastically increased. On the example of Bosnia and Herzegovina, where war conflicts were present, which caused a decline in economic development and at the same time led to an increase in unemployment and poverty, and the disintegration of families as the foundation of every society, this situation is reflected in educational institutions. and their potential -the inability to prevent or reduce delinquency and suicidal behavior in young people.
Limnology of professor Stevana M. Stanković
Authors: Šabić Dejan
Published: December 2022

Natural and artificial lakes are hydrographic objects of multiple importance, time of creation, dimensions and evolution. They are significant for a number of natural phenomena and processes, as well as for numerous human activities. The science of lakes is called limnology and is a part of terrestrial water hydrology. The first scientific data, from a geographical aspect, about the large lakes of Old Serbia, Macedonia and Greece was presented by Jovan Cvijić in his geomorphological studies. From the biological aspect, the limnological works of Siniša Stanković are significant. Based on the works of these scientists, research and publication of works by professor Stevan M. Stanković, who in his own way revitalized the limnology of our expanses. In this paper, we present his oeuvre from the domain of limnology.
Example of the importance of early warning of extreme weather events in Montenegro in the context of recent climate change
Authors: Burić Dragan , Banjak Dragoslav , Doderović Miroslav , Marčev Angel
Published: December 2022

In the last two decades, there has been no year in Montenegro in which some weather extreme has not been registered. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of an early announcement of potentially dangerous weather phenomena in the example of one case in Montenegro. The prognostic material including ocassionally storm surges, heavy rainfall and the occurrence of severe local instability in Montenegro on July 28, 2019 was considered. Based on the analysis of the synoptic material, the warning of the expected weather conditions was given two days before. The warnings of the competent institutions should be respected in order to adapt the population to the expected extreme weather situations and thus avoid or mitigate the negative consequences.
Against Titans. The Reputation of the 3rd Count of Assumar in the News about the 1720 Uprising in Vila Rica
Authors: Bentes Monteiro Rodrigo
Published: December 2022

Este artículo analiza un manuscrito anónimo sobre la Revuelta de Vila Rica en 1720, en la capitanía de São Paulo y Minas de Oro, en el Estado de Brasil. Al comprender el texto por dentro y por fuera, se entra en contacto con ideas políticas de la Europa del siglo XVI sobre las razones de estado y el poder del príncipe, y sus apropiaciones en el manuscrito del siglo XVIII que relata la sublevación. El ex gobernador de la capitanía estaba preocupado por su reputación cuando regresó al reino de Portugal en 1722, ante el violento castigo que el ha aplicado en Minas. El análisis combina aspectos de escritura, materialidad, estudios comparativos y la trayectoria de esta noticia manuscrita a través de diversas colecciones. Se trata principalmente de darse cuenta del significado histórico de su probable circulación a principios de la década de 1720, a través de hipótesis bien fundamentadas.
VEINTE AÑOS DE TERRORISMO YIHADISTA A TRAVÉS DE LA JURISPRUDENCIA DE LA AUDIENCIA NACIONAL Y DEL TRIBUNAL SUPREMO
Authors: Núñez Fernández José
Published: December 2022

El presente trabajo trata de ofrecer un retrato fenomenológico del terrorismo yihadista a través de las sentencias dictadas por la Audiencia Nacional y el Tribunal Supremo en los últimos 20 años. También se ponen de relieve determinadas dinámicas problemáticas que surgen con el enjuiciamiento y condena de esta clase de delitos.
The Flowfield Near the Propeller of a Self-Propelled Slender Body with Appendages
Authors: Schetz J. , Stottmelster H. P.
Published: December 2022

An experimental investigation of the flow in the immediate vicinity of the propeller for a propeller-driven, slender body with and without appendages was conducted in the Virginia Tech wind tunnel, including measurement stations both immediately upstream and downstream of the propeller. Mean and turbulent flow quantities were examined for the disturbances induced by the appendages (a sail and/or a deck) which were added to the basic axisymmetric body to give it either a submarine-or airship-like arrangement and their interaction with the propeller. Five different model configurations were placed in a uniform free-stream flow corresponding to a Reynolds number of 4.5 x 105 based on body diameter. The streamlined appendages and their smooth, contoured junctures produced measurable disturbances in the flow behind the propeller of the body. The effect of adding the deck was to spread and flatten the velocity profile. Addition of the sail had no large influence on the mean flow quantities, whereas the combination of a sail and deck appeared to negate the stronger effect which the deck alone had on the wake. The other measured mean flow quantities - static pressure and flow angularity, appeared to have been dominated by the swirling motion produced by the propeller. The axial turbulence intensity was observed to increase in the wake of the sail outside the propeller slipstream. A peak in the turbulence profiles occurred at the radial stations in line with the tip of the propeller and along-the body axis centerline. A shift in position and decrease in magnitude of the peaks were observed when the sail was mounted on the body. The deck, on the other hand, produced no measurable increase in turbulence intensity, even though it increased the drag on the model more than did the sail. The performance of the propeller operating both behind the body and in an open "water" condition was analyzed with a computerized theory, and the predictions were compared with experimental results. Fair to good agreement was found.
The Influence of the Propeller on the Wake Distribution as Established in a Model Test
Authors: Laudan Jochen
Published: December 2022

The effective wake distribution is an important factor in propeller design. Today it is impossible to carry out a numerical calculation of this distribution for real ship hulls. The extrapolation of a model measured wake to full scale seems to be more successful. At this extrapolation the influence of viscosity must be considered because the Reynold's numbers for a model and ship differ by powers of ten. Besides that the influence of the working propeller has. to be hated, when starting from the nominal wake. Thus it is useful. For the extrapolation to start from the wake at the working propeller. The wake distribution – on different propeller loadings – was measured with the Laser-Doppler Anemometer (LDA). To get the effective velocity field, the propeller induced velocities were calculated by means of the expanded lifting line theory. These velocities Were subtracted from the measured ones. This wake distribution was compared with the nominal one.
Propeller Design Optimization: An Integral Theoretical and Experimental Procedure
Authors: Bau F. , Bellone G. , Colombo A. , Chilo B.
Published: December 2022

This paper describes a thoroughly integrated design procedure and an example of its application, carried out in order to define the propeller of a twin screw fast ship.

As particular attention had to be paid to fulfil many contractual requirements, such as the propulsion efficiency, cavitation and related phenomenal pressures induced on the hull vibrations and noise, both lifting line and surface effect theories for the propeller design and behaviour prediction were employed. A wide program of model tests was carried out for checking· and optimizing the propeller design, so that propulsion, cavitation and noise aspects were investigated. Then a full scale optimization program was planned and carried out in order to ascertain the expected differences between model and full scale propellers behaviour.

As a final step, the optimum full scale propeller was developed and submitted to a complete experimental test program, thus obtaining all necessary data for comparing theoretically predicted, model and full scaly propeller behavior. All results deduced from the abovementioned program steps are presented and discussed in the paper where a brief description of theoretical and experimental methodologies is also given.
Timing of Dry-Docking Intervals to Most Economical Effect
Authors: Prochaska Felix
Published: December 2022

The operational expenses in running a ship - i.e. costs for fuel, lubricating oil, capital costs, insurance, wages and maintenance - have quadrupled over the past 7 years. The price of heavy fuel oil alone is 7-fold than that of 1973.

As a result of this rapid cost escalation, ship owners were forced to re-evaluate their practices in running ships. Due to the toughened situation on the market, in many cases, the intervals between two subsequent dry-deckings had to be prolonged. A great deal of development has been done to improve the effectiveness and durability of hull coatings; however, only by keeping a ship continuously on the move, formation of marine growth and fouling can be postponed. Extending these time-spans favours the build-up of surface roughness whereby more propulsive energy is required for a longer period of time to overcome increased frictional losses. Wherever chartering contracts render it possible, a carefully timed dry-docking schedule can become an effective tool to improve operational economy.
Pengaruh Toksisitas minyak Azadirachta indica, Ricinus communis, dan campurannya: Pengaruhnya terhadap indeks nutrisi larva dan oviposisi imago Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) pada tanaman jagung
Authors: Wulansari Retno , Hidayat Yusup , Dono Danar
Published: December 2022

Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) merupakan hama invasif yang menyebabkan dampak ekonomi yang besar pada tanaman jagung. Alternatif pengendalian yang relatif aman bagi serangga non-target perlu dikembangkan dan dapat dipadukan dengan pengendalian lainnya, yaitu pengendalian menggunakan insektisida nabati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi toksisitas minyak Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae), Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae), dan campurannya (1:1) serta pengaruhnya terhadap indeks nutrisi dan oviposisi S. frugiperda. Pengujian toksisitas ekstrak dan campurannya serta pengaruhnya terhadap indeks nutrisi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode celup pakan, sedangkan pengujian oviposisi dengan penyemprotan ekstrak pada tanaman. Data hubungan konsentrasi minyak nabati dengan kematian serangga uji dianalisis menggunakan analisis probit, sedangkan peubah lainnya dianalisis dengan sidik ragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan minyak A. indica, R. communis, dan campurannya bersifat toksik dengan nilai LC50 terhadap larva (II–VI) berturut-turut 0,039 (0,017–0,100)%, 0,144 (0,094–0,221)%, serta 0,034 (0,021–0,061)%, dan pada LC95 berturut-turut 0,391 (0,134–16,671)%, 4,379 (1,986–15,516)%, serta 0,219 (0,104–1,251)%. Toksisitas campuran tersebut meningkat 4,2 kali hingga 20,0 kali masing-masing pada LC50 dan LC95. Perlakuan minyak mengakibatkan penurunan laju konsumsi relatif, laju pertumbuhan relatif, efisiensi pemanfaatan makanan, dan peningkatan perkiraan jumlah makanan yang dicerna larva S. frugiperda. Selain bersifat insektisida, minyak nabati dapat berperan sebagai antioviposisi S. frugiperda. Namun, minyak A. indica, R. communis, dan campurannya terindikasi fitotoksik pada tanaman jagung. Oleh karena itu, potensi campuran minyak A. indica dan R. communis untuk digunakan sebagai insektisida perlu dievaluasi atau dapat digunakan pada tanaman lain yang lebih toleran.
Pengaruh penambahan kitosan pada media tumbuh Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill terhadap pertumbuhan, perkembangan, dan virulensinya pada walang sangit (Leptocorisa acuta F.)
Authors: Yaqin Muhammad Ainul , Haryadi Nanang Tri
Published: December 2022

Perbanyakan cendawan Beauveria bassiana yang dilakukan beberapa kali pada media alami akan menyebabkan penurunan virulensi. Solusi untuk mengatasi penurunan pertumbuhan B. bassiana untuk mempertahankan virulensi cendawan B. bassiana, yaitu dengan penambahan kitosan pada media tumbuh dengan konsentrasi yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh penambahan kitosan pada beberapa konsentrasi terhadap pertumbuhan, perkembangan, dan virulensi B. bassiana. Penelitian ini disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Adapun perlakuan yang digunakan, yaitu P0 (kontrol), P1 (kitosan 1 mg/ml), P2 (kitosan 2 mg/ml), P3 (kitosan 3 mg/ml), P4 (kitosan 4 mg/ml), dan P5 (kitosan 5 mg/ml). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kitosan berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan cendawan B. bassiana. Diameter koloni tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan P1, yaitu 8,34 cm dan viabilitas konidia tertinggi juga terjadi pada perlakuan P1, yaitu 85,26%. Pengaruh penambahan kitosan pada perlakuan P1 menunjukkan virulensi tertinggi pada Leptocorisa acuta L. dengan mortalitas imago sebesar 90% selama 10 hari setelah inokulasi (HSI) dan mortalitas pada stadia nimfa sebesar 95% selama 7 HSI. Pengamatan mikosis tertinggi terjadi pada P1 dengan persentase mikosis imago 66,81% dengan lama waktu 2,37 hari dan persentase mikosis nimfa 73,61% dengan lama waktu 2,25 hari. Pengamatan mumifikasi tertinggi terjadi pada P1 dengan persentase mikosis imago 62,02% dengan lama waktu 4,05 hari dan persentase mikosis nimfa 67,56% dengan lama waktu 3,99 hari. Penambahan kitosan sebesar 1 mg/ml pada media pertumbuhan jamur berpengaruh baik terhadap pertumbuhan dan virulensi B. bassiana.
Inhibition of mutant RAS-RAF interaction by mimicking structural and dynamic properties of phosphorylated RAS
Authors: Ilter Metehan , Kasmer Ramazan , Jalalypour Farzaneh , Atilgan Canan , Topcu Ozan , Karakas Nihal , Sensoy Ozge
Published: December 2022

Undruggability of RAS proteins has necessitated alternative strategies for the development of effective inhibitors. In this respect, phosphorylation has recently come into prominence as this reversible post-translational modification attenuates sensitivity of RAS towards RAF. As such, in this study, we set out to unveil the impact of phosphorylation on dynamics of HRASWT and aim to invoke similar behavior in HRASG12D mutant by means of small therapeutic molecules. To this end, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using phosphorylated HRAS and showed that phosphorylation of Y32 distorted Switch I, hence the RAS/RAF interface. Consequently, we targeted Switch I in HRASG12D by means of approved therapeutic molecules and showed that the ligands enabled detachment of Switch I from the nucleotide-binding pocket. Moreover, we demonstrated that displacement of Switch I from the nucleotide-binding pocket was energetically more favorable in the presence of the ligand. Importantly, we verified computational findings in vitro where HRASG12D/RAF interaction was prevented by the ligand in HEK293T cells that expressed HRASG12D mutant protein. Therefore, these findings suggest that targeting Switch I, hence making Y32 accessible might open up new avenues in future drug discovery strategies that target mutant RAS proteins.
The Application of Virtual Learning Mode in the Design of Art Design Network Interaction Platform: Based on C++ Builder
Authors: Jinhua Chen
Published: December 2022

:A system development platform based on C++ BUILD is introduced in detail, and how to configure OpenCV in C++Builder environment is discussed. Finally, two application examples are given on this basis. After the analysis of new media's intervention in public art design, the interactive digital public art design and practice of new media public platform is explained in detail, from the practice of interactive digital public art design and Chinese painting in interactive digital public art design The methods and methods of public art design are analyzed from the two aspects of reference and application significance. Based on the classification framework of research methods that combines hierarchical logic, process logic and the characteristics of this field, this paper analyzes the methods used in doctoral and master thesis in the field of virtual learning community research in my country with research methods.
Design and QoS Optimization Model of Party Building Cloud Platform Based on FoRTAN
Authors: Xicheng Ma
Published: December 2022

Using FoumNPowERsTAⅡoNv4. o to develop a simulation program is the core focus of this paper. It has a good wlND0ws interface, which can intuitively and conveniently carry out a man-to-machine dialogue, which is convenient for simulation racing. Its application example shows that the program has universality and practicability. The informatization work of party building in colleges and universities can be carried out according to different situations: confidential work can be combined with the campus informatization platform; collaborative work between units can introduce third-party questionnaires and cloud collaboration documents to connect the data communication network with information. Intranet integration and unified deployment. With the growth of communication data volume, higher requirements are put forward for the quality of service of converged network QoS and the resource consumption of base stations and users.
First record of the cryptic fishes Ptereleotris calliura (Gobiidae) and Liopropoma rubre (Serranidae) in the Veracruz Reef System, Mexico
Authors: Rivera-Higueras Mariana , Pérez-España Horacio
Published: December 2022

Based on several in situ observations, the species Ptereleotris calliura (family Gobiidae) and Liopropoma rubre (family Serranidae) are added to the taxonomic fish inventory of the Veracruz Reef System, Veracruz, Mexico. While P. calliura was found on sandy substratum in a coral reef lagoon, L. rubre was detected on a reef slope. With the addition of these 2 species, the checklist of reef fishes in the Veracruz Reef System is expanded to 479 species. Given these findings, we predict that additional survey efforts (beyond visual transects) will reveal more previously unrecorded species of cryptic fishes in the Veracruz reef system.
Combining Ability and Heritability Analysis for Early Maturity and Yield Traits in Contemporary Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Trina Tanjila Nasreen , Bari Md. Abdullah Al , Hossain Mohammad Rashed , Hossain Md. Amir , Ali Md. Razzab
Published: December 2022

An experiment was carried out with North Carolina Mating Design II (NC II) derived F1 progenies along with parents to know nature of gene action in regulating early maturity, yield and yield contributing traits. The principal objective of this research was to identify best parents and specific cross combinations based on combining ability analysis and estimation of heritability. Hybrids and their parents were arranged in a 8 by 8 partially balanced lattice design with two replicates. Kanchan, BARI Gom-25 × BARI Gom-21, BARI Gom-26 × Kanchan, Rawal × Kanchan, Rawal × BARI Gom-22 and BARI Gom-23 × Kheri showed earliness and BARI Gom-25 × BARI Gom-21 showed highest yield potentiality. The genotypes BARI Gom-28 and BARI Gom-30 were used as checks and the selected genotypes performed comparatively better than the checks. The genetic analysis exhibited significant additive and non-additive genetic variations for all the traits. For earliness and yield potentiality the variance due to SCA was highly significant than GCA. Heritability estimates revealed low broad sense heritability except the traits i.e. days to 50% flowering, days to 100% flowering, plant height and 100-grain weight, which exhibited medium heritability. Narrow sense heritability was low for all the traits. The GCA effect of 15 parental genotypes was insignificant for all the traits that were assessed. BARI Gom-25 x BARI Gom-21, BARI Gom-23 x BARI Gom-21, BARI Gom-25 x BARI Gom-27, BARI Gom-26 x Kanchan, BARI Gom-26 x BARI Gom-28, BARI Gom-25 x BARI Gom-27 showed significant SCA effects for earliness. BARI Gom-25 x BARI Gom-22, BARI Gom-26 x CB51 showed significant SCA effects for yield potentiality.
Characterization of Chemical Constituent and Biological Activity of Roots from Cleistanthus oblonggifolius (Roxb.) Mull. Arg
Authors: Wattananon Saranya , Pompimon Wilart , Udomputtimekakul Phansuang , Maepowpan Puttinan , Taratong Thanatcha , Khamkaew Amornrat , Mookaewkrue Atchariyaporn , Boonthadang Raksina , Khamto Nopawit , Rithchumpon Puracheth , Nuntasaen Narong
Published: December 2022

Background: C. oblongifolius is a species of Asian trees, originally described by William Roxburgh and later placed by Johannes Müller Argoviensis; it is now included in the family Phyllanthaceae. Distributed throughout Indochina and Malesia, its name in Vietnam is cọc rào; it has been recorded from the Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Australia (Queensland), Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, peninsular Malaysia, Maluku, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Vietnam and Thailand. Several species of this genus are highly poisonous (C. collinus), some are brewed for treating dysentery (C. decurrens), and used for treatment of asthma (C. myrianthus).

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of crude extract and purified substance on inhibition of AIDS and cancer.

Methods: Phytochemical studies were extracts from these solvents used for the study: hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The dried herbs were ground and extracted by chromatography. Extracts and compound have been tested for HIV-1 RT, anti-syncytium and cytotoxicity. The obtained purification compounds were used to determine the structure by spectroscopic techniques such as UV. IR, NMR and MS.

Results: The study found that compound 3-O-methylellagic acid 4'-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside from the roots of this plant, it was also found that ethyl acetate and methanol class extracts inhibited anti-HIV-1 RT up to 100% and 65% pure substance. For all extracts and purified compounds, syncytium inhibition assay showed inhibition HIV with EC50 <7.8 µM, TI>2.31. SH-SY5Y anticancer was showed with ED50 = 6.7 µM.

Conclusion: C. oblongifolius extract, most of these fractions were potent in inhibiting HIV-1 RT and syncytium (MC99+1A2) inhibition. In addition, hexane extract inhibited the growth of SH-SY5Y cancer cells more than other cancer cells. However, the isolated purified compound only had an inhibitory effect on HT-29 cells with ED50 10.11 µg/mL.
Application of Discrete-time, Right Censored Survival and Unbalanced Three-stage Hierarchical Designs in Modeling Chronic Diseases among the University Students of Kenya
Authors: Mwangi Wangui Patrick , Anapapa Ayubu , Koech Julius
Published: December 2022

The percentage of university students currently nursing chronic diseases including but not limited to depression, HIV/AIDs, asthma, stroke and chronic kidney diseases, is alarming, and for a long time, these students are ever thought to be healthy. However, research shows otherwise with up to 30% of the students nursing the diseases. Previous research worldwide shows that up to 30% of university students can be infected at a given time. This research aimed to investigate the issues concerning chronic diseases among university students in Kenya. The specific objectives included estimation of the percentage of students currently suffering from the diseases, determining their effects and factors associated with them. The mixed-study design was applied. Random sampling was done among students in two selected universities in Kenya and a questionnaire was used in data collection. 739 students responded to the research questions. Minitab, SPSS and R software were involved in data management for comparison purpose, especially for statistically significant results. From the analysis, currently, there are approximately 14.6% of the students are suffering from chronic diseases, and this proportion is significant (p-value<0.0001). Among the infected, 60.19% were females and the rest were males. Among the sick, only 43.52% have let the university clinics know about their conditions while more than 50% have concealed the vital information. The factors ‘family history’, ‘involvement in drugs’, ‘adopted life-styles’ and ‘extreme poverty’ were found to be significantly associated with chronic diseases among the students. On the effects, the diseases were found to be negatively affecting the aspects of life of the infected students. Survival of the students was found to be having a mean and median survival time of 29.9472 and 30.27 years respectively. It is concluded that there is need for intervention among university students as 14.6% is not a number to be ignored. It is recommended that the stakeholders to come together and arrest the situation before things slip out of hand.
Effect of Selected Bio-agents and Botanical on Alternarial Leafspot of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Caused by Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler
Authors: Supriya Veeragandham , Tiwari Shashi , Sindu Patthi Lakshmi , Govardhani Pottupalli
Published: December 2022

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is one of the important spice crops of Apiaceae family. Coriander seeds are used as medicine to cure indigestion, dysentery, vomiting as well as cold and like all other green leafy vegetables, its leaves are a rich source of vitamins, minerals and iron. The country's annual production of coriander seeds in the year 2021 was over 822 thousand metric tons cultivated over 2.92 lakh hectares. Alternarial leaf spot of Coriander which is caused by Alternaria alternata is one major disease in the coriander. The Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtillis and Garlic extract were tested under field conditions during rabi season 2021 for their efficacy against the disease and growth & yield parameters. Among the treatments the maximum plant height (cm) at 90 DAS was recorded in T2 – Trichoderma viride+ Pseudomonas fluorescens followed by T3 – Pseudomonas fluorescens as compared to untreated check control T0. The maximum number of branches at 45 DAS was recorded in T2 – Trichoderma viride+ Pseudomonas fluorescens followed by T3 – Pseudomonas fluorescens as compared to untreated check control T0. The maximum root length at 90 DAS was recorded in T5– Trichoderma viride+ Bacillus subtillis followed by T2 – Trichoderma viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens as compared to untreated check control T0. The minimum disease intensity (%) at 75 DAS was recorded in T2 – Trichoderma viride+ Pseudomonas fluorescens, followed by T1–Trichoderma viride as compared to untreated check control T0. The maximum yield (q/acre) of onion was recorded T4 –Trichoderma viride +Pseudomonas fluorescens followed by T1 – Trichoderma viride as compared to untreated control T0.
In vitro Detection of Acaricidal Resistance of Cattle Tick against Commercial Preparation of Deltamethrin and Cypermethrin in Three Villages of Udaipur District (Rajasthan)
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Manzer Hakim
Published: December 2022

Acaricidal resistance studies were carried out Department of Veterinary Parasitology in Udaipur to detect resistance status against commonly used commercial acaricides, 1.25% Butox® (Deltamethrin) and 10% w/v DERMEEZ® (Cypermethrin) against ticks collected from three villages (Vallabhnagar, Ranchorpura and Kikawas) of Udaipur, Rajasthan using Adult Immersion test (AIT) and Larval packet test (LPT). Recommended concentration of acaricides for AIT and LPT were used. Deltamethrin (0.075 g L-1) and Cypermethrin (0.05 g L-1) in AIT and Deltamethrin (0.06%) and Cypermethrin (0.2%) in LPT were used to evaluate acaricidal resistance. The overall analysis of data of the two tests with reference drug wise resistance for all three villages revealed that resistance to the deltamethrin was statistically higher than Cypermethrin. The drug wise results of AIT for deltamethrin for Vallabhnagar, Ranchorpura and Kikawas villages was 50%, 45% and 40% and for cypermethrin the resistance was 15%, 10% and 10% respectively. The results of LPT revealed that highest resistance in Vallabhnagar (27.5%), followed by Ranchorpura (21%) and Kikawas (19%) for deltamethrin while cypermethrin showed 19%, 11.5% and 9.5% resistance in Vallabhnagar, Ranchorpura and Kikawas, respectively.
Transition of elderly men with prostate cancer: analysis of facilitating and difficulty conditions / Transição de homens idosos com câncer de próstata: análise de condicionantes facilitadores e dificultadores
Authors: Reis de Sousa Anderson , De Araújo Pricila Oliveira , Félix Meira Araújo Isabella , Sousa da Silva Rudval , Javier Vergara - Escobar Oscar , Souza de Santana Carvalho Evanilda
Published: December 2022

Objetivo: compreender a experiência de transição de homens idosos na experiência com o câncer de próstata. Método: estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa realizado em quatro serviços da rede de atenção à saúde de uma cidade da Bahia, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com oitenta homens idosos, as quais foram organizados e analisados com base na Técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo e interpretados à luz da Teoria das Transições. Resultados: são facilitadores a influência de familiares, amigos, outros homens, enfermeiros e demais profissionais; e dificultadores a escassez do conhecimento e recursos financeiros do indivíduo, barreiras geográficas, limitações relacionadas à estrutura e burocracia dos serviços. Considerações finais: ao construir sentidos para o câncer de próstata e admitir a vulnerabilidade, os homens confrontam suas crenças, alcançam a consciencialização que permite superar limitações e assumir o protagonismo do cuidado de si na transição da saúde/doença.
Over-the-counter Hearing Aids: From Research to Policy to Practice
Authors: Tucci Debara L. , Califf Robert M.
Published: December 2022

In this Viewpoint from officials at NIH and FDA, the authors discuss research collaborations between federal agencies and the private sector, using new regulations for over-the-counter hearing aids as an illustration.
Association of Adherence to Endocrine Therapy Among Patients With Breast Cancer and Potential Drug-Drug Interactions
Authors: Rassy Elie , Bardet Aurélie , Bougacha Omar , Gantzer Laurène , Lekens Béranger , Delaloge Suzette , André Fabrice , Michiels Stefan , Pistilli Barbara
Published: December 2022

Importance

Suboptimal adherence to endocrine therapy (ET) among patients with hormone-receptor–positive breast cancer significantly affects survival outcomes and is associated with higher hospitalization rates and health care costs. Weak adherence to long-term treatments has multiple determinants, including disease characteristics, treatment adverse effects, and patients’ attributes, such as age and comorbidities.

Objective

To examine whether potential drug-drug interactions (PDDI) with tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitor were associated with adherence to ET in patients with early and advanced breast cancer.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used anonymized health record data of women with breast cancer who received ET in a private observational primary care database. Patients eligible for analysis included women aged 18 years or older who had a reported diagnosis of breast cancer and received ET with tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitor between 1994 and 2021. Data were analyzed 2021.

Exposures

Adherence to ET during a given year was defined by a medication possession ratio of 80% or greater over 1-year prescription periods. PDDI were categorized into absent, minor (a combination to take into account), moderate (combination requiring precautions for use), major (combination not recommended), and contraindicated according to guidelines in the Claude Bernard Drug Database.

Main Outcomes and Measures

We used regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for the associations between adherence and age, baseline comorbidities, PDDI, and adherence to ET during the previous year.

Results

A total of 10 863 patients who were prescribed ET for breast cancer were eligible for the analysis (age 70 years or older, 3509 patients [32.3%]). In the tamoxifen cohort (3564 patients), PDDI were reported in 497 of 3670 patients (13.5%) at baseline (moderate, 254 patients [51.1%]; major, 227 patients [45.7%]), 2047 of 4831 patients (42.4%) at year 1, 1127 of 2751 patients (41.0%) at year 2, 761 of 1861 patients (40.9%) at year 3, 376 of 1058 patients (35.5%) at year 4, and 201 of 593 patients (33.9%) at year 5. In the aromatase inhibitor cohort (7299 patients), PDDI were reported in 592 of 7437 patients (8.0%) at baseline (moderate in 588 of 592 patients [99.3%]), which reached 2875 of 9031 patients (31.8%) at year 1 and ranged between 31.4% (1802 of 5730 patients in year 2) and 32.8% (791 of 2411 in year 4) throughout the study period. No association between adherence and PDDI was found in the tamoxifen (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.91-1.08) or aromatase inhibitor (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.95-1.15) cohort.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort of patients with hormone-receptor–positive breast cancer, PDDI with tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors were not associated with adherence to ET.
Incorporation of Robust NIR‐II Fluorescence Brightness and Photothermal Performance in a Single Large π‐Conjugated Molecule for Phototheranostics
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Tang Yufu , Hu Wenbo , Wang Zhen , Li Xi , Lu Xiaomei , Chen Shufen , Huang Wei , Fan Quli
Published: December 2022

Second near‐infrared (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) window fluorescence imaging‐guided photothermal therapy probes are promising for precise cancer phototheranostics. However, most of the currently reported probes do not demonstrate high NIR‐II fluorescent brightness (molar absorption coefficient (ε) × quantum yield (QY)) and photothermal performance (ε × photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE)) in a single molecule. Herein, a versatile strategy to solve this challenge is reported by fabricating a large π‐conjugated molecule (BNDI‐Me) with a rigid molecular skeleton and flexible side groups. The proposed BNDI‐Me nanoprobe boosts the ε and simultaneously optimizes its QY and PCE. Therefore, high NIR‐II fluorescent brightness (ε × QY = 2296 m−1 cm−1) and strong photothermal performance (ε × PCE = 82 000) are successfully incorporated in a single small molecule, and, to the best of knowledge, either of these two parameters is better than the best currently available fluorescent or photothermal probes. Thus, superior NIR‐II imaging effect in vivo and high photothermal tumor inhibition rate (81.2%) at low systemic injection doses are obtained. The work provides further insights into the relationship of photophysical mechanisms and structures, and presents promising molecular design guidelines for the integration of more efficient multiple theranostic functions in a single molecule.
Cholesterol‐24‐hydroxylase (CYP46) in the old brain: Analysis of positive populations and factors triggering its expression in astrocytes
Authors: Cataldi Gabriel G. , Elorza Setiembre D. , Toledano‐Zaragoza Ana , de Olmos Soledad , Cragnolini Andrea B. , Martín Mauricio G.
Published: December 2022

Cholesterol‐24‐hydroxylase (CYP46), a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes, is selectively expressed in the brain and is mainly responsible for cholesterol turnover in the central nervous system. Although increased cyp46A1 gene expression has been linked to cognitive alterations in aging and observed in neurodegenerative diseases and after traumatic brain injury, a detailed characterization of the brain regions and cell types in which CYP46 is expressed in old individuals has not been performed. Using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, we investigated the specific regions and cell populations in the brain, in which cyp46A1 is expressed in 24‐month‐old mice. We found that CYP46 is localized in the same neuronal populations in young and old brains, mainly in the hippocampus, in cortical layers, and in Purkinje neurons of the cerebellum. No increase in CYP46 levels was found in astrocytes in old mice brains, in primary astrocyte‐neuron cocultures aged in vitro, or in primary cultures of senescent astrocytes. However, interleukin‐6 treatment strongly induced cyp46A1 expression in reactive astrocytes characterized by high GFAP levels but had no effect in nonactivated astrocytes. Our data suggest that cholesterol‐24‐hydroxylase expression is triggered in reactive astrocytes in response to proinflammatory signals, probably as part of a response mechanism to injury.
A Food‐Effect Study to Evaluate the Oral Bioavailability of Desidustat
Authors: Patel Hardik , Momin Taufik , Kansagra Kevinkumar , Patel Harilal , Shah Chintan , Barot Ajaykumar , Bhavsar Jay , Zala Kuldipsinh , Parmar Deven
Published: December 2022

This randomized, single‐treatment, 2‐sequence study evaluated the food effect on oral bioavailability of desidustat. Healthy adult male and female subjects were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive desidustat 50 mg orally in a fasting state in one period and a fed state in the other period. A standardized high‐fat, high‐calorie breakfast was served to assess the food effect. The pharmacokinetic results showed that the time to maximum blood concentration of desidustat was delayed significantly (P < .0001) in the fed state compared to the fasting state. The ingestion of food decreased the maximum blood concentration (Cmax) compared to the fasting state (mean Cmax, 3248 ng/mL in the fed state vs 5496 ng/mL in the fasting state). The geometric mean ratio of fed/fasting for log‐normal (ln) Cmax was 57. The exposure decreased in the fed state compared to the fasting state (mean area under the concentration‐time curve [AUC] over the dosing interval, 25 559 ng • h/mL in the fed state versus 33 705 ng • h/mL in the fasting state; mean AUC from time 0 to infinity [AUC0‐∞], 25,910 ng • h/mL in the fed state vs 34 233 ng • h/mL in the fasting state). The geometric mean ratio of fed/fasting for lnAUC from time 0 to the last quantifiable concentration and ln AUC0‐∞ was 77 and 76, respectively. The 90%CI of fed/fasting ratio of the geometric mean of lnCmax, AUC over the dosing interval, and AUC0‐∞ of desidustat 50 mg did not fall within 80%–125% margin. Therefore, the absence of food effect could not be established. It can be inferred that food has a significant effect on the oral absorption of desidustat. Therefore, food must not be consumed 1 hour before and 2 hours after the oral administration of desidustat.
Significance of visual scene‐based learning in the hippocampal systems across mammalian species
Authors: Lee Su‐Min , Shin Jhoseph , Lee Inah
Published: December 2022

The hippocampus and its associated cortical regions in the medial temporal lobe play essential roles when animals form a cognitive map and use it to achieve their goals. As the nature of map‐making involves sampling different local views of the environment and putting them together in a spatially cohesive way, visual scenes are essential ingredients in the formative process of cognitive maps. Visual scenes also serve as important cues during information retrieval from the cognitive map. Research in humans has shown that there are regions in the brain that selectively process scenes and that the hippocampus is involved in scene‐based memory tasks. The neurophysiological correlates of scene‐based information processing in the hippocampus have been reported as “spatial view cells” in nonhuman primates. Like primates, it is widely accepted that rodents also use visual scenes in their background for spatial navigation and other kinds of problems. However, in rodents, it is not until recently that researchers examined the neural correlates of the hippocampus from the perspective of visual scene‐based information processing. With the advent of virtual reality (VR) systems, it has been demonstrated that place cells in the hippocampus exhibit remarkably similar firing correlates in the VR environment compared with that of the real‐world environment. Despite some limitations, the new trend of studying hippocampal functions in a visually controlled environment has the potential to allow investigation of the input–output relationships of network functions and experimental testing of traditional computational predictions more rigorously by providing well‐defined visual stimuli. As scenes are essential for navigation and episodic memory in humans, further investigation of the rodents' hippocampal systems in scene‐based tasks will provide a critical functional link across different mammalian species.
SOURCE beyond first‐line: A survival prediction model for patients with metastatic esophagogastric adenocarcinoma after failure of first‐line palliative systemic therapy
Authors: Kuijper Steven C. , Pape Marieke , Haj Mohammad Nadia , van Voorthuizen Theo , Verhoeven Rob H. A. , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M.
Published: December 2022

Prior models have been developed to predict survival for patients with esophagogastric cancer undergoing curative treatment or first‐line chemotherapy (SOURCE models). Comprehensive clinical prediction models for patients with esophagogastric cancer who will receive second‐line chemotherapy or best supportive care are currently lacking. The aim of our study was to develop and internally validate a new clinical prediction model, called SOURCE beyond first‐line, for survival of patients with metastatic esophagogastric adenocarcinoma after failure of first‐line palliative systemic therapy. Patients with unresectable or metastatic esophageal or gastric adenocarcinoma (2015‐2017) who received first‐line systemic therapy (N = 1067) were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Patient, tumor and treatment characteristics at primary diagnosis and at progression of disease were used to develop the model. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was developed through forward and backward selection using Akaike's Information Criterion. The model was internally validated through 10‐fold cross‐validations to assess performance. Model discrimination (C‐index) and calibration (slope and intercept) were used to evaluate performance of the complete and cross‐validated models. The final model consisted of 11 patient tumor and treatment characteristics. The C‐index was 0.75 (0.73‐0.78), calibration slope 1.01 (1.00‐1.01) and calibration intercept 0.01 (0.01‐0.02). Internal cross‐validation of the model showed that the model performed adequately on unseen data: C‐index was 0.79 (0.77‐0.82), calibration slope 0.93 (0.85‐1.01) and calibration intercept 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.06). The SOURCE beyond first‐line model predicted survival with fair discriminatory ability and good calibration.
Investing sustainably in high‐end diagnostic equipment: what are your financial options?
Authors: Whybrow Sally‐Anne
Published: December 2022

In an increasingly competitive market, veterinary practices need to carefully manage credit lines to ensure that they can expand while being mindful of budgetary pressures. This article discusses how to approach investment for upgrading to high‐end diagnostic equipment, outlining various available financial arrangements.
The effect of strontium content on physicochemical and osteogenic property of Sr/Ag‐containing TiO2 microporous coatings
Authors: Wang Yi‐Rui , Yang Nuo‐Ya , Sun Hong , Dong Wei , Deng Jiu‐Peng , Zheng Tian‐Xia , Qi Meng‐Chun
Published: December 2022

Strontium (Sr) is the most common element introduced into TiO2 coatings to strengthen the osteogenic property of titanium implants. However, the optimal Sr content and its effect on osteogenic and physicochemical properties of the coatings need to be clarified. In the current study, TiO2 microporous coatings with different contents of Sr (9.64–21.25 wt %) and silver (Ag) (0.38–0.75 wt %) were prepared via micro‐arc oxidation technique. Sr contents did not change physicochemical properties of the coatings, including surface microstructure, micropore size and distribution, phase composition, roughness and hydrophilicity. Meanwhile, higher Sr contents (18.23–21.25 wt %) improved cytocompatibility, proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of preosteoblasts, even the coatings underwent 30 days' PBS immersion. Furthermore, higher Sr contents facilitated preosteoblast growth and spreading, which are essential for their proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, it is promising to incorporate higher Sr content (18.23–21.25 wt %) within TiO2 microporous coatings to improve their osteogenic capability.
HSPA6, a novel prognostic and therapeutic biomarker, associated with Ming classification in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Lihua , Zhuo Hui‐qin , Hong Zhi‐jun , Hou Jing‐jing , Cheng Jia , Cai Jianchun
Published: December 2022

Objective

This study aimed to explore the clinical relevance of heat shock protein family A member 6 (HSPA6) in gastric cancer (GC) and its effect on GC cell proliferation.

Methods

HSPA6 mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by bioinformatics, RT‐qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. HSPA6 was correlated with clinicopathological variables by the Chi‐square test. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and the univariate and multivariate Cox models were used to assess the prognostic value of HSPA6. Nomogram was used to predict overall survival in patients with GC. Knockdown or over‐expression of HSPA6 in GC cell lines was constructed by lentiviral transduction. EdU and CCK‐8 assay were used to detect cell proliferation. In vivo mouse tumor models were performed to evaluate the effects of HSPA6 on GC growth.

Results

HSPA6 were significantly upregulated in the GC tissues compared to the normal stomach epithelium and were associated with Ming classification (p < 0.001) and tumor size (p = 0.002). Patients with high expression of HSPA6 showed worse survival compared to the low expression group. HSPA6 was identified to be an independent prognostic biomarker for GC. HSPA6 was functionally annotated with the cell cycle, G2M checkpoint and Hippo pathway. Knockdown of HSPA6 suppressed XGC‐1 cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of HSPA6 in AGS cells increased proliferation rates, increased the levels of cyclinB1 and YAP and decreased that of phosphorylated YAP. HSPA6 knockdown in the NUGC2 cells had the opposite effect.

Conclusions

HSPA6 promotes GC proliferation by the Hippo pathway, as a novel prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target.