bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FLORECIMIENTO DE MICROALGAS RELACIONADO CON MORTANDAD MASIVA DE PECES EN EL COMPLEJO LAGUNAR CIENAGA GRANDE DE SANTA MARTA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO.
Authors: Mancera P. José Ernesto , Vidal V. Luis Alfonso
Published: October 2017

A discontinuous phenomenon of massive fish mortality occurred in the estuarine lagoonal complex of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia, in July and August 1994. The first event occurred from the 15th to the 19th of July, the second took place one month later around the 20th of August, and the last one was evident from the 26th to the 31st of the same month. High concentrations of Cf. Anabaenopsis sp., a filamentous cyanobacteria, reported in the literature as highly toxic, may have been related to the causes of the first event. An increase in phosphorus concentrations resulting in massive blooms of cyanobacteria and flagellate algae of nano and picoplankton could explain the hypoxic and anoxic conditions associated to the third event of massive fish mortality. However, other possible causes, such as toxic gas liberation from the sediment and anoxia from bacterial activity cannot be roled out. The dead fish biomass was not quantified, but information obtained from fishermen suggests for sea catfish (Ariidae) values well over 20 tons. The massive death phenomenon here reported seems to be the strongest in the last years.
NOTAS SOBRE DICTYOTA PFAFFIIY D. HUMIFUSA (DICTYOTALES, PHAEOPHYTA)
Authors: Bula Meyer Germán
Published: October 2017

Dictyota pfaffíi Schnetter and D. humifusa Hórnig, Schnetter et Coppejans are two small species whose taxonomic boundary is not clear. They are so similar, that there are not reasons to consider these two species from the Colombian Caribbean, living in the same environments, different.
OCHO NUEVOS REGISTROS PARA LA FAUNA ICTICA DE LAS ISLAS DEL ROSARIO (MAR CARIBE COLOMBIANO)
Authors: Mejla Luz Stella , Solano Oscar D. , Rodríguez Ramírez Alberto
Published: October 2017

In this note 8 species are reported for the first time from Islas del Rosario. They were found associated with Thalassia testudinum seagrass and Rhizophora mangle roots. With these new records, 242 species of fishes are now known in this area.
ANALISIS DE CLASIFICACION DE SERIES TEMPORALES: EL CASO DE LA SALINIDAD EN LA CIENAGA GRANDE DE SANTA MARTA, COLOMBIA
Authors: Giraldo H, Ramón , Martínez C. Jorge , Hurtado T. Luís H. , Zea Sven , Madera R. Eira R.
Published: October 2017

A numerical classification of 21 monitoring stations of the lagoonal - estuarine system comprised by the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta and Pajarales complex was carried out according to their similarity in water salinity behavior. Biweekly data from January 1987 to Octuber 1991 was used. Due to the autocorrelation structure of the data, it was necessary to use first time series ARIMA models followed by normal cluster analysis of the AR coefficients of infinite representation calculated for each station. The results were coherent with hypotheses concerning the distribution of the variable in the system.
CTENOCHAETUSMARGINATUS (VALENCIENNES) (PISCES: ACANTHURIDAE) EN LA ISLA DE GORGONA: PRIMER REGISTRO DEL GENERO PARA EL PACIFICO COLOMBIANO
Authors: Zapata Fernando A. , Morales Yaneth A.
Published: October 2017

The genus Ctenochaetus is reported in the waters of the Colombian Pacific based on two specimens of C. marginatus (Valenciennes) collected in 1993 at Gorgona Island (2°59, N, 78° 12, W). These specimens differ in several morphometric characteristics from those previously examined. Such differences appear to be an artifact of the small number of specimens formerly examined and the consequent narrow ranges reported. We suggest that temperature variability affects the distribution of C. marginatus in the tropical eastern Pacific.
EDAD Y CRECIMIENTO DE LA SARDINA MONTERREY SARDINOPS CAERULEUS (PISCES: CLUPEIDAE) EN ISLA DE CEDROS, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO, DURANTE 1985 Y 1986.
Authors: Alvarado Castillo Reyna , Uraga Roberto Félix
Published: October 2017

Monthly samples of pacific sardine Sardinops caeruleus (Pisces: Clupeidae) were taken during 1985 and 1986 from the commercial fleet that operates in isla de Cedros, Baja California, México; 2609 organisms were measured and 994 pairs of otoliths were collected in order to estimate the age through reading of opaque and hyaline bands. Eighty-seven percent of the otoliths were readable, finding organisms up to five years old. In the 1985 commercial capture two year old sardines were the most abundant, but in 1986 the three year old sardines were the dominant group. The size ranged between 135 mm and 230 mm standard length; the modal size was 170 mm in 1985 and 190 mm in 1986. The growth of the pacific sardine is very fast, reaching 140 mm of standard length during the first year. The estimate of the parameters of Bertalanffy growth model for this period was: 1-ÿ=198.52 mm, k=1.14 and to=0.012.
PRIMER REGISTRO DEL CALAMAR PIGMEO PICKFORDIATEUTHIS PULCHELLA (CEPHALOPODA: MYOPSIDA: LOLIGINIDAE) PARA LA COSTA CARIBE DE COLOMBIA
Authors: Arango Claudia P. , Díaz Juan M.
Published: October 2017

Se registra por primera vez para el Caribe colombiano el calamar "pigmeo", Pickfordiateuthis pulchella, a partir de cuatro hembras colectadas en cercanías de Santa Marta. Aunque esta especie no era conocida de la costa continental del norte de Suramérica, el alto grado de dispersión de los pocos registros conocidos sugiere que su distribución en el Atlántico occidental es bastante amplia.
EVALUACION DE LA EFICIENCIA Y SELECTIVIDAD DE LA RED BOLICHERA EN LA PESQUERIA DE LA CIENAGA GRANDE DE SANTA MARTA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO.
Authors: Rueda Hernández Mario Enrique , Santos Martínez Adriana
Published: October 2017

A significant proportion of the annual commercial catch (27%) of the coastal lagoon Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, is obtained by encircling gillnets, called by the fishermen "Bolicheo". The utilization of this fishing gear is giving rise to conflict within the fishermen community, because its introduction increased the total catch of those few who can invert in this art, while the perceiving fisherman blame it of causing overfishing. To contribute with technical and scientific recommendations to reach a sustainable management of ichthyological resources selectivity and efficiency were evaluated using an experimental boliche with two mesh sizes (6.35 cm and 7.62 cm respective), during 20 working days carried out between october/93 and april/94. The fish captured were counted, measured and weighted, and the economical yield of each working day was determined. The total catch was 1285 kg, of 9281 individuals, to 18 species, with Eugenes plumieri (36%) as the species contributing to the highest biomass. The mesh size 6.35 cm caught 55% of the biomass and 63% of the abundance, the thus being more efficient than mesh size 7.62 cm. However mesh 6.35 cm was 34% less cost-effective than 7.62 cm, suggesting an economical advantage in the former. Applying Holt"s method, the selection parameters on 10 commercial species were obtained, which allowed the definition of appropriate mesh sizes to capture only mature fishes. It was concluded that fishing with boliche negative affect by some fish populations given that individual below medial mature size are being caught (80% in mesh 6.35 cm and 40% in mesh 7.62 cm). Hence, management action is required to regulate mesh size, for obtain the most cost-effective without affecting the resource renovation, according to the capture, effort and resource available, to obtain. Given that Mugil incilis, Cathorops spixii and E plumieri represent 80% annual catch, it is recommend to use mesh size 7.62 cm (3 inch), with the option of using mesh size 6.35 cm (2.5 inch) to capture M. incilis when it is abundant (october to december). However, is necessary to accompany this recommendation with other alternative means of livinghood for fisherman.
OVOGENESIS DE LUTJANUS PURPUREUS POEY, 1867 (PISCES: LUTJANIDAE) DE LA REGION ORIENTAL DE VENEZUELA
Authors: González Leo W. , Lugo Thais
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this paper is the study of oogenesis in the red snapper, Lutjanus purpureus from the Venezuela eastern region. Bassed on histological descriptions the oogenesis is the egg development in ovaries and have two phases: Previtelogenesis of three stages characterized by changes in nucleus and Vitelogenesis have four stages distinguished by citoplasmatic accumulation of nutritive inclusions per yolk vesicles, oil droppets and yolk granules. The ovarian development is non syncrhonic typical the tropicals marines fishes.
ISLA ARENA, UNA FORMACION CORALINA SALUDABLE EN EL AREA DE INFLUENCIA DE LA PLUMA DEL RIO MAGDALENA, PLATAFORMA CONTINENTAL DEL CARIBE COLOMBIANO.
Authors: Pinzón Jorge H. , Perdomo Adriana M. , Diaz Juan M.
Published: October 2017

The morphology, composition and structure of the coral community developed around Isla Arena, a tiny shingle cay located on the central area of Caribbean continental shelf of Colombia, are described. Based on aerial photographs from the area field surveys, maps of bottom relief, habitat units according to substrate type and cover of dominating biota, wave exposure, and patterns of wave dispersion and refraction were drawn. Employing underwater videocamera, 10 m-long transects chain were recorded and analized using the plotless method in order to characterize the sessile community structure. A total of 33 species compose the community. Of these, 14 species are stony corals, 5 zoanthids, 1 octocoral, 1 anemone, 10 macroalgae and 2 sea grasses. Ten ecological zones were identified, each of them dominated by one more species. The spatial distribution pattern of the zones is mainly controlled by substrate and wave energy. The few coral species found seemed to be particularly adapted to meet the prevailing sub-optimal conditions (high water turbidity and turbulence). Furthermore, their healthy condition suggests that scleractinians growing under chronic stress may also to cope with infestation by common coral diseases when they are continuously subjected to natural stress.
A NEW RECORD FROM THE SOUTHERN COLOMBIAN CARIBBEAN OF THE GULPER SHARK CENTROPHORUS GRANULOSUS (SCHNEIDER) (PISCES: CENTROPHORIDAE)
Authors: Hernández Hamón Hernando , Núñez R. Samuel
Published: October 2017

There aren't records of Centrophoridae for the Southern Caribbean. Some of its species are generally known from bathypelagic habitats and are occasionally collected by deep exploratory field studies For the Colombian Caribbean, this is the First record of a male specimen (850 mm TL) of Centrophorus granulosus (Schneider, 1801) incidentally captured using a longline at 200 m depth on the continentalshelf off Bahía Taganga, Santa Marta.
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT DIETS ON LENGTH AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF BRINE SHRIMP ARTEMIA FRANCISCANA (KELLOG, 1906)
Authors: García Ulloa Gómez Manuel , Gamboa Delgado Julián , Zavala Aguirre José Luis , Ogura Fujii Tetsuya , Lavens Patrick
Published: October 2017

Total length and biomass production of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana were studied fed on soybean and wheat micropulverized meals (applied alone or mixed at different proportions), live microalgae (Tetraselmis suecica and Chaetoceros calcitrans), and dried Spirulina as diets. Eight diets were tested in triplicates during 10 days. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed from day 1 onwards. The mixed meal-based diets showed better production results. At day 1, the Artemia nauplii fed on the 70% wheat meal/ 30% soya meal diet were 30% longer compared to the animals from the C. calcitrans group. At day 10, the organisms fed with the 100% soya meal diet were 68% longer than those fed on the C. calcitrans diet. The final biomass production (wet and dry weight) for the mixed meal diet groups was higher than that obtained for the algal treatments, although survival rate was higher for the C. calcitrans diet. A soya-wheat meal diet is recommended for brine shrimp biomass production.
CARACTERISTICAS ESTRATIGRAFICAS Y MORFODINAMICAS DE LA FRANJA LITORAL CARIBE COLOMBIANA(SECTOR BARRANQUILLA (BOCAS DE CENIZA) - FLECHA DE GALERAZAMBA)
Authors: Molina M. Amparo , Molina M. Consuelo , Giraldo O. Luis , Barrera O. Rodolfo
Published: October 2017

The geologic (stratigraphic) and morphodynamic characteristics throughout 76 km of the coastal profile of the Colombian Caribbean, including those between Barranquilla (Bocas de Ceniza) and the spit of Galerazamba are described. The sections of the coast that have been affected by erosive events and those with sedimentary accretion are described. Some of them are associated to both natural and anthropic phenomena. Geologically, the coastal edge is defined by sedimentary rocks, weakly consolidated sediments and inconsolidated sediments, that include ages from the upper Paleocene to the Recent. From the point of view of the evaluation of the coast in terms of stability and instability, the high coasts are classified as: Critic zones (Punta Sabanilla, Castillo and Pradomar), unstable zones (from Punta Castillejo to Punta la Garita) and stable zones (elevated abrasion terraces of Puerto Caimán and Galerazamba). The low coasts were catalogued as highly erosive (beaches associated to the bog of Mallorquín, NE part of the ear of Puerto Colombia, north of Morro Hermoso and in front of  the salt mines Galerazamba) and in sedimentary accretion (from the distal part of the ear of Puerto Colombia to the south end of Manzanillo and to the spit of Galerazamba).
THREE SPECIES OF SEA SPIDERS (PYCNOGONIDA) FROM SANTA MARTA, COLOMBIAN CARIBBEAN
Authors: Arango Claudia P.
Published: October 2017

Se reportan tres especies de picnogónidos para la región sudoeste de Santa Marta en el Caribe colombiano. Nymphon surinamense, Anoplodactylus insignis y Pallenopsis schmitti fueron colectados en arrastres sobre fondos blandos entre 14 y 60 m de profundidad. Este reporte amplía la distribución geográfica de N. surinamense y A. insignis en el Caribe y resalta la abundancia de P. schmitti en el área. La distribución y la sistemática de las especies se discute brevemente y se presentan ilustraciones para cada una de ellas.
COMUNIDAD MACROINFAUNAL DE FONDOS BLANDOS SOMEROS TROPICALES (CARIBE COLOMBIANO)
Authors: Guzmán Alvis Angela I. , Solano Oscar D. , Córdoba Tejada Marlon E , López Rodríguez Angela C.
Published: October 2017

With the aim to charactenze the soft-bottom macrofauna and its spatial and tomporal distnbution patterns in the Santa Marta area, a two years sampling program was performed at depths between 7 to 60m Density, biomass and diversity of tho community woro dotorminod. Tho BIOENV method was applied in order to relate the distnbution of the associations and the environmental vanables (depth, turbidity, organic matter, organic carbon, organic nitrogen, organic phosphorus and median particle diamotor). A density of 1499 indiv * m, and 10.9 g * m* wot biomass woro obtainod. Tho collected organisms belonged to six taxa; polychaetes. crustaceans, sipunculids, molluscs, bryozoans, and ccfunoderms; the first ono was tho most important in terms ol abundance and biomass. Four Ousters were obtained following a depth gradient, but no clear temporal pattom became evident. Due to a targe number ol generalist gonora among the dusters, a sole community conformed by several zones with diffuse boundanos was defined Depth is the vanable which better oxpiams tho distribution of the community; the correspondng correlation coefficient was high in companson with othermacrobenthos studies earned oul *1 the Canbbean as well as m temperate, unpoilutod areas. In the Caribbean. depth alone, or with other variables, exhibits the best relationship with tho biological structural paneros.
EVALUACIÓN ECOLÓGICA DE LOS ARRECIFES CORALINOS DEL OESTE DE CAYO LARGO DEL SUR, CUBA: 1998-1999
Authors: Alcolado Pedro M. , Claro Madruga Rodolfo , Martínez Daranas Beatriz , Menéndez Macía Grisel , García Parrado Pedro , Cantelar Karel , Hernández Miguel , Del Valle Rosa
Published: October 2017

Cayo Largo del Sur, located in the southwest of Cuba south of tho Gull ol Batabano. is a beach and diving resort, far from tho mam island of Cuba and from Isla do la Juventud. Therefore, it is lar from irrportant permanent human settlements and from all agncultural and industrial development. However its wostorn roofs aro sufforing a gradual deterioration process. Groat scarcity of mesoherbivores (sea urchin Diadema antitlarum. as well as scand and acanthund fishes), and high nutrient concentrations were observed. As a consequence, an excossivo algal and cyanobactonal mat proliferation occurred. It has boon reinforced by high temperatures in 1998 and by the simplification of bottom roliof bocause of coral mortality caused by diseases and cyclones. The lator provont tho reestablishment ol herbívoro spooes populations. Finally, there sooms to bo a local nutrient generation in the reels Iron» the decomposition ol groat amounts ol algal detritus Coreidtng with high temperatures during the 1998 El Nirto and La Niña, an intense coral bleachtftg ovent took place, but with very limited mortally The dedmo ol coral cover m the deeper stations sooms be more determined by cumulative partial deaths ol the colonies, than by sudden death oI whole colonies. Evidences ol massive coral mortality wore observed only in the crests.
RECENT PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA FROM DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS FROM THE EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC: PROXIES OF THE EQUATORIAL FRONT IN THE LATE QUATERNARY
Authors: Martinez Jose Ignacio , Bedoya Geovanny
Published: October 2017

Planktonic foraminifera recovered from 25 deep-sea sediment samples (core-lops) Irom the eastern Equatorial Pacific were analyzed tor thoir geographic distribution and possible environmental controls. Samples colloctod doopor than tho carbonato lysoclino (-2800 m) show significant signs of dissolution, - when compared to sediment-trap samples resulting in the increase of the solutionresistant species Neogloboquadrlna duterlrei. NeogOboquadnna pachyderma and Gioborotaha Cufrata and the reduction of tho soíuüon-suscoptiblo spocios Globigonmta glutmata. Globigennotdes ruber and Gtobigohnoidos saccuMor. Threo bioprovincos woro rocognizod by cluster analysis: (1) bioprovince I that occurs on tho Cocos Ridgo whore G. cultrata and N. pachyderma are dominant. (2) bioprovince II that occurs on the Carnegie Ridge where N. duterlrei, N. pachyderma and Globorolatia intlata aro dominant, and (3) bioprovince III that occurs in the Panama Basin whore G. saccuhtor and G. ruber aro dominant. Bioprovinces I and II reflect a shallow thormocllno inducod by upwelhng. although AOU, NO , and PO, and SiO, are significantly higher in tho lattor rogion. B-oprovinco III reflects a deeprrvxod layor and low nutriont contonts. Possiblo proxies ol tho Equatorial Front in the past are: (1) the Shannon diversity indox. ovonness and the number ot species that show a latitudinal break at -1.5*S and. (2J the G. cultrata / G. dutertrei ratio that decreases southward
FIRST COLOMBIAN CARIBBEAN RECORD OF CHILOMYCTERUS RETICULATUS (LINNAEUS) (PISCES:TETRAODONTIFORMES: DIODONTIDAE)
Authors: Medina Javier Alexis , Acero Arturo , Viaña Jorge , Manjarres Luis
Published: October 2017

The spotted burrfish, Chilomycterus reticulatus, is reported by the first time from the Colombian Caribbean based on two specimens collected off the Guajira Peninsula. This species, considered circuntropical by many authors, is poorly recorded from the Caribbean.
TERRITORIOS DEL PEZ STEGASTES PLANIFRONS EN FORMACIONES CORALINAS DEL PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL TAYRONA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO: UN PANORAMA GENERA
Authors: Santodomingo Nadiezhda , Rodríguez Ramírez Alberto , Garzón Ferreira Jaime
Published: October 2017

The pomacentrid Stegastes planifrons is one of the most conspicuous inhabitants of the coral reefs and constitutes an important agent of natural coral mortality. These fishes kill coral directly by removing coral polyps for opening up a space for its algal turfs, which are their main food. The population density, territory and algal turfs areas of Stegastes planifrons were assessed at Chengue and Gayraca bays in Tayrona Natural Park, as a contribution to understand natural processes involved in the coral reef deterioration. During August to November 1999, belt transects (20 x 2 m) were evaluated at four reef habitat types: multispecific coral assemblages dominated by (1) Colpophyllia natans (COLP) or (2) Montastraea spp. (MONT); and monospecific coral stands of (3) Acropora palmata (APAL) or (4) A. cervicornis (ACER). In total 457 fishes were censused: 21% juveniles (2.6±0.6 cm), 3% subadults or intermediates (6.6±0.5 cm) and 76% adults (12.6±0.2 cm). The highest density of S. planifrons was observed in the ACER (1.52 terr*m-2) despite this habitat is very degraded. Lower densities were found in the others habitats (-0.5 terr*m-2), but this indicates that the fish is using also alternative habitats. The algal turf size was around 0.1 m2 and significatively lowest at APAL (0.07 m2), due to the high regeneration and growth rates of A. palmata, which balance the frequent fish biting. The high densities and algal turf size of S. planifrons suggest an important role of this fish in the natural mortality and dynamics of Tayrona coral communities.
LOS CAMARONES DE LA FAMILIA CRANGONIDAE DE LA FRANJA SUPERIOR DEL TALUD CONTINENTAL DEL MAR CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Cruz Norella , Bermúdez Adriana , Campos Néstor Hernando , Navas Gabriel
Published: October 2017

Four surveys were conducted between October 1998 and April 1999 along the upper section of the Colombian Caribbean Sea continental slope with the aim of compliting marine fauna inventories. During the surveys (INVEMAR-MACROFAUNA 1) individuals of the shrimps Parapontocaris caribbaea, P. vicina, Prionocrangon pectinata and Parapontophilus gracilis (Decapoda: Crangonidae) were found and are herein registered for the first time in Colombian waters. Along with the description of the collected material and reference to site of collection, identification keys, diagnostic characters, diagrams and bathimetric and geographic distribution are included as well as comments on morphological variations of the individuals.
NUEVOS REGISTROS DE PECES ÓSEOS PARA EL CARIBE COLOMBIANO DE LOS ÓRDENES BERYCIFORMES, ZEIFORMES, PERCIFORMES Y TETRAODONTIFORMES
Authors: Roa Varón Adela , Saavedra Díaz Lina M. , Acero P. Arturo , Mejía M. Luz Stella , Navas S. Gabriel R.
Published: October 2017

Between October and August 1999 five cruises were made on board of R/V Ancón, across the Colombian Caribbean slope, from Punta Estrella (Guajira), near the Venezuelan border, to Cabo Tiburón (Chocó), near the Panamá border. Eighty trawls were made between 200 and 500 m depth with a semi-balloon net. Twelve new records of fishes for the Colombian Caribbean in the orders Beryciformes, Zeiformes, Perciformes and Tetraodontiformes were collected. Plectranthias garrupellus (Serranidae), Benthodesmus tenuis and B. simonyi (Trichiuridae) are new records for the Caribbean; Diplospinnus multistriatus family (Gempylidae) is a new record for the southern Caribbean.
CRECIMIENTO Y DESEMPEÑO GENERAL DE JUVENILES SILVESTRES DE MERO GUASA Epinephelus itajara (Lichtenstein) MANTENIDOS EN JAULAS FLOTANTES BAJO DIFERENTES CONDICIONES DE CULTIVO.
Authors: Botero Julián , Ospina José Fernando
Published: October 2017

An experimental culture trial of wild juveniles of jewfish Epinephelus itajara was conducted in two different places in the north coast of Colombia in order to evaluate the growth rate of the species and its tolerance to captivity conditions. Two different groups of fish were evaluated in each place, one fed on an artificial diet and the other on trash fish. All fish were held in floating cages for periods ranging from 63 to 89 days. Results showed excellent individual daily weight increase (6,83 and 12,4 g/day) and specific growth rate (1,4 y 0,96 %/day) for fish fed on trash fish in both places but conversion ratio was too high and inadequate (9,01 and 9,97). Trials with the artificial diet gave negative results because the fish didn’t accept the pellets satisfactorily. During the culture period the fish showed great tolerance to manipulation, disease resistance and adaptability to extreme fluctuations in water quality (O2 = 0,9-7,1 mg/L; salinity = 7-37). Sacrifice and processing of the fish indicated that in order to meet best market standards fish should be grown-up to a final weight around 1,9 kg to obtain two whole and skinned fillets of 280 g each. It is concluded that the jewfish has important advantages for its culture like a fast growth rate and a great tolerance to extreme fluctuations in water quality. Main limitations for commercial culture are the absence of technology for hatchery seed production and the lack of an artificial diet with the presentation, palatability and composition required.
PLANKTONIC PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND COMMUNITY RESPIRATION IN SEVERAL COASTAL LAGOONS OF THE OUTER DELTA OF THE RIO MAGDALENA, COLOMBIA
Authors: Gocke Klaus Gocke , Mancera Pineda José Ernesto , Vida Luis Alfonso , Fonseca Diana
Published: October 2017

To understand the responses of the plankton community to the negative large-scale human impacts in a tropical coastal lagoon complex, we carried out a regional survey on primary productivity (PP), community respiration (CR), and contribution of different size fractions of the phytoplankton to overall PP. This comparative study was undertaken in several coastal lagoons within the Outer Delta of the Río Magdalena (Colombia) during the dry season(February/March). PP was measured using the 14C-method with in situ-incubations and CR was determined as oxygen demand, using the Winkler technique. According to their salinities the lagoons were separated into a brackish water group (salinity range 5.9 – 21.8) and a freshwater group, the latter being influenced directly by the Río Magdalena. In all of the lagoons the productive layer did not surpass 1 m in depth due to selfshading by the high density of plankton (brackish lagoons) or due to high amounts of suspended inorganic sediment particles introduced into the freshwater lagoons from the Río Magdalena. The brackish lagoons contained high chl a concentrations (62 – 130 μg/l) and were extremely productive (0.72 – 1.25 mg C/l/h in the most productive depth, usually at 0.1 m). The concentrations of chl a in the freshwater lagoons were much lower (5.5 – 19 μg/l), also the PP (0.073 – 0.32 mg C/l/h). In all of the studied lagoons the photosynthetic active algae were very small, algae >20 μm (microalgae) played only a very insignificant role with respect to PP. The assimilation index (AI) was quite high (11.6 – 18.5 mg C/mg chl a /h). Only in two of the lagoons the relatively low AI (6.9 – 7.4 mg C/mg chl a /h) was probably due to senescent phytoplankton algae. The depth-integrated PP rates in the brackish lagoons ranged from 1.40 – 5.76 g C/m2/d. Especially the enormous rate of 5.76 g C/m2/d which was representative for the central part of Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta demonstrated that this aquatic system belongs to the most productive ones world-wide. In the freshwater lagoons the daily PP measured 0.24 – 0.80 g C/m2. In the brackish lagoons the highly significant correlation between chl a and CR showed that the phytoplankton dark respiration was the dominant component, whereas the absence of a significant correlation in the freshwater lagoons demonstrated that here the heterotrophic microorganisms contributed more to community respiration. Only in three of the seven studied lagoons (among these Ciénaga Grande) planktonic primary production surpassed pelagic respiration, in the remaining four lagoons the deficit of organic material is probably compensated from allochthonous sources such as the mangrove fringes and/or river input
GALATÉIDEOS (DECAPODA, ANOMURA, GALATHEIDAE) DEL CARIBE COLOMBIANO, INCLUYENDO DOCE PRIMEROS REGISTROS
Authors: Navas S. Gabriel R. , Bermúdez T. Adriana , Cruz C. Norella , Campos C. Néstor Hernando
Published: October 2017

During the INVEMAR - MACROFAUNA I expedition (1998-1999), specimens of 16 species of crustacean decapods of the Galatheidae family, belonging to three genera, were collected. In this paper the distictive characteristics of 12 of the species, registered for the first time for the Colombian Caribbean, are presented. This paper also includes taxonomic keys, species images, bathymetric and geographic data and comments of their morphological variations. Additionally, the holdings of the family, collected in Colombian localities and deposited in biological collections, according to the reviewed bibliographical references, are listed. The species are: Agononida longipes (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880); Munida constricta A. Milne-Edwards, 1880; M. evermanni Benedict, 1901; M. flinti Benedict, 1902; M. forceps A. Milne-Edwards, 1880; Munidopsis alaminos Pequegnat and Pequegnat, 1970; M. brevimanus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880); M. erinaceus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880); M. longimanus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880); M. platirostris (A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier, 1894); M. polita (Smith, 1883); and M. ramahtaylorae Pequegnat and Pequegnat, 1971.
DINÁMICA DE LAS INTERACCIONES ALGA-CORAL EN DOS BAHÍAS DE LA REGIÓN DE SANTA MARTA (CARIBE COLOMBIANO) CON DISTINTO GRADO DE INFLUENCIA ANTROPOGÉNICA
Authors: Mejía Niño Nazira , Garzón Ferreira. Jaime
Published: October 2017

As a contribution to understanding the potential impact of macroalgae on coral communities, this work evaluated the presence and dynamics of algae-coral interactions in two bays of the Santa Marta region. Two stations were sampled in Chengue Bay, located within the Tayrona Natural Park, and two other in the Santa Marta Bay which is adjacent to the city of Santa Marta. Three permanent 10 m belt transects were settled at each station, at which a total of 270 coral colonies were monitored monthly. Algae - coral interactions were recorded from each colony based on five categories defined by the distance between the coral tissue and the algal mat. A total of 1956 interactions were recorded, 67% of which corresponded to direct contacts, 22% to indirect contacts, 6% to algae overgrowths and 5% to no contacts. Likewise, 58% of the interactions were with algal turfs, 27% with frondose algae, and 15% with crustose algae. There were significant differences between the two bays on the frequency of interactions only for algal turfs and frondose algae. Some seasonal changes were observed for these two groups in Chengue, while in Santa Marta the interactions were dominated all the time by algal turfs. Significant differences were recorded also between the two bays for algae overgrowth and direct contact categories. Although direct contacts were the most common at both locations, Chengue showed a light increase of overgrowths in December when interactions with frondose algae were highest. On the contrary, overgrowths were absent and direct contacts were more frequent in Santa Marta. Frondose algae was the only algal group found growing over live tissues of coral colonies.
ESPONJAS Y OTROS MICROHÁBITATS DE OFIUROS (OPHIUROIDEA: ECHINODERMATA) EN AMBIENTES ARRECIFALES DEL ARCHIPIÉLAGO DE SAN BERNARDO (CARIBE COLOMBIANO)
Authors: Bejarano Chavarro Sonia , Zea Sven , Díaz Juan Manuel
Published: October 2017

Ophiuroids are conspicuous dwellers of exposed and cryptic microhabitats available in coral reefs. This investigation pretended to discern ophiuroid community composition at microhabitats available in sponges and other reef components of different character (biotic v s. abiotic) or position over the substrate (elevated v s. non-elevated), at shallow reefs within the Montastraea spp. zone at San Bernardo Archipelago (Colombian Caribbean). Evaluating the abundance of organisms related to availability of different microhabitats, schemes of exclusive or preferential occupation of a particular elevated component were determined. These schemes, are discussed as initial cues that suggest the existence of benefic ecological relations. Samplings were performed at three stations. Four 20 meter transects were surveyed on each station, three during daytime and one during night. Presence and abundance of ophiuroids and microhabitat availability (area or volume) were quantified v i s u a l l y. Eleven types of microhabitats were identified. Vertical microhabitats and specially sponges and octocorals, were the most common substrate components at the study area. The ophiuroid community was composed by 22 morphotypes. Only Ophiopsila sp. 1 (with excavating habits) was restricted to one particular kind of substrate. Many other species did not use restrictedly any particular type of microhabitat, but used exclusively structures of particular characteristics (elevation, character or cripticity). T h e occupation of inferior surfaces of non-elevated components was determined by ophiuroid’s necessity of reaching cryptic conditions, and this necessity was linked to photosensitive species, or those especially vulnerable to predators, and to its consequent seek of protection. Elevated components and particularly 13 sponge species were characteristically occupied by Ophiothrix angulata - O. orstedii complex and by O . s u e n s o n i i. Sponges with different morphologies are discussed to bring differential advantages to dwelling ophiuroid species. It is suggested that a probable benefic ecologic relationship (not obligated) exists between these brittle-star species and some of the most frequently occupied sponge species. Nevertheless this must be appropriately tested by experimental work.
DISTRIBUCIÓN DE PLAYAS DE ANIDACIÓN Y ÁREAS DE ALIMENTACIÓN DE TO RTUGAS MARINAS Y SUS AMENAZAS EN EL CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Ceballos Fonseca Claudia
Published: October 2017

Between June and October 2002, six field assistants covered the Colombian Caribbean seashore gathering morphological, biotic and socio-cultural information, by direct observations and interviews with the local communities and authorities. From 1,650 km of Caribbean seashore, 181 beaches (730 km), are visited by one or all sea turtle species to nest or feed in surrounding grounds. Species distribution varied along the different regions of the Colombian Caribbean; however, there was a tendency of some species for specific ecosystems. Green turtles (Chelonia mydas) were most often found in the central Guajira, where sea grasses are most abundant, and hawksbills (E retmochelys imbricata) were most abundant on the coral reefs areas around San Bernardo, Rosario, Fuerte and Tortuguilla islands and the San Andrés cays. Though there was no sea turtle marking or individual counting, data was good enough to establish relative abundance categories as rare, common, and abundant. These categories, along with the also categorized identified threats, allowed me to make regional level recommendations for the conservation of sea turtles in the Caribbean coast of Colombia.
APHELODORIS ANTILLENSIS BERG, 1897 (OPISTHOBRANCHIA: NUDIBRANCHIA: DORIDIDAE), PRIMER REGISTRO DEL CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Quiroga Sigmer , Ardila Néstor E. , Bolaños Marcela
Published: October 2017

Aphelodoris antillensis Berg, 1897 es una especie ampliamente distribuida en el mar Caribe. El especimen examinado fue colectado en el litoral rocoso de la Bahía de Neguanje, cerca de Santa Marta, siendo esta la primera vez que se registra este género en el Caribe colombiano.
PRESENCIA DEL PEZ LUNA MOLA MOLA (LINNAEUS, 1758) (PISCES: MOLIDAE) EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DEL MAGDALENA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Grijalba Bendeck Marcela , Franco Herrera Andrés , Jáuregui Aminta , Tigreros Paulo
Published: October 2017

Information about the ocean sunfish, Mola mola (Pisces Molidae), coming from an individual captured off Los Cocos, northeast Magdalena Department, is presented.
COMPOSICIÓN Y DENSIDAD DE CORALES JUVENILES EN DOS ARRECIFES PROFUNDOS DE SAN ANDRÉS ISLA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Vidal Andrés M. , Villamil Claudia M. , Acosta Alberto
Published: October 2017

Coral recruitment determines the maintenance, renovation and future of the coral community. In order to determine the composition, density and importance value of scleractinian juvenile corals (<2 or < 4 cm of diameter; depending of the species) two localities were sampled (Reggae Nest and El Faro) at the deep leeward terrace site of San Andres Island. Also, in 47 quadrants of 1m2 distributed throughout a guide line, frequency of partial mortality, total diseases and depredation signs in juvenile corals were quantified. A total of 397 juveniles of 16 species were registered. The average density and richness of juveniles were not significantly different between Reggae Nest and El Faro. The average density of both localities was high compared to other colombian reefs and lower compared to other reefs in the Caribbean. The species with higher importance value, Agaricia agaricites, Scolymia sp. and Porites astreoides, represented 54.9% of all juveniles, similar to other Caribbean reefs. The genera of juveniles with higher importance value index were not the same as the dominant adults (ej. Montastrea, Colpophyllia, Diploria and Siderastrea); since Montastrea annularis and Diploria sp. showed the lowest importance value as juveniles. The coral communities of Reggae Nest and El Faro, deteriorated in the last decades, could recover naturally, considering the following evidence: 1) high juvenile coral density compared to the Colombian Caribbean; 2) high richness of juveniles, 16 from the 23 coral adults species reported for the island; 3) high percentage of common species between juveniles and adults (maintenance of each population); 4) low partial mortality (0.7%; 3 of 397 juveniles) and bleaching found in juvenile corals (0.5%; 2 juveniles of 397). It is still needed to verify if these juveniles are fugitive species, they have long term survival, or the community of builder species maybe being replaced.
FIRST RECORD OF THE LOBSTER ENOPLOMETOPUS ANTILLENSIS LÜTKEN, 1865 (DECAPODA: ASTACIDEA: ENOPLOMETOPIDAE) FROM THE COLOMBIAN CARIBBEAN, WITH ANNOTATIONS ON ITS REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES
Authors: Ceballos Lina , Valderrama Irene , Campos Néstor Hernando
Published: October 2017

This is the first report of Enoplometopus antillensis from the Caribbean coast of Colombia. Eleven specimens were collected between 10 m and 25 m of depth. The morphology of the external reproductive structures were described and illustrated.
EXPLOTACIÓN, USOS Y ESTADO ACTUAL DE LA CIGUA O BURGAO CITTARIUM PICA (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA: TROCHIDAE) EN LA COSTA CONTINENTAL DEL CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Osorno Arango Adriana , Díaz Merlano Juan M.
Published: October 2017

The West Indian topshell, Cittarium pica is a common and conspicuous gastropod that thrives in Caribbean intertidal rocky shores and has been used for food by men since pre-Columbian times. Although, the exploitation of this resource is practiced only by artisanal fishermen and mainly for self-consumption, its abundance has noticeably reduced in the last ten years, so the species has been included in the endangered animal lists of several Caribbean countries, including Colombia. The present study was carried out to assess the current status of the population of C. pica along the Colombian Caribbean mainland and to describe the overall exploitation level and uses of this resource in recent times. In order to achieve so, Colombian Caribbean coast was divided into five zones according to the established distribution range of the species: 1-Urabá chocoano, 2-Isla Fuerte, 3-Cartagena and Rosario Islands, 4-Santa Marta and Tayrona Natural National Park, 5-La Guajira. In each one of the zones opinion polls among local inhabitants were conducted. A series of samples from representative stations were obtained in order to determine the abundance, density and size structure of the C. pica population. The fishing pressure on the resource is different between the sectors, being greater in Santa Marta and Tayrona Natural National Park, Urabá chocoano, and Cartagena and Rosario Islands. The main use given to C. pica is as dietary complement of the local population, but the flesh and shells are commercialized at times. Shells are sold to artisans and used for “souvenirs” and handcraft manufactures. The mean ecological density of C. pica in the entire study area was 5.38 Ind/m2 (± 0.82), with significant differences between sectors and between the stations within a sector as well. The size structure of the population (mean size = 25.08 mm ± 4.71, mode = 11.10 mm) suggests that in general the resource is being over-exploited in the Colombian Caribbean. This result confirms that C. pica is an endangered species in Colombia and its status as “vulnerable” in the red list should be maintained.
ESTRUCTURA DE LA COMUNIDAD EPIFAUNAL ASOCIADA A COLONIAS DE VIDA LIBRE DEL HIDROCORAL MILLEPORA ALCICORNIS LINNAEUS 1758 EN BAHÍA PORTETE, CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Castro S. Carolina , Monroy L. Mario , Solano Oscar David
Published: October 2017

The epifaunal community associated with free-living colonies of Millepora alcicornis, the dominant coral species in Portete Bay, was characterized from twenty living colonies randomly collected within a shallow Thalassia testudinum seabed. The three-dimensional growth colonies sheltered 15 families, 15 genera and 18 mobile invertebrate species. The 97% of individuals was represented by decapods crustaceans specially adapted as to live in association with the host. Within them, the porcelanid Petrolisthes armatus, representing 79% of the epifauna (961 individuals), was exclusively found in a juvenile stage suggesting that M. alcicornis is mainly used by this species as a nursery zone. The epifaunal composition is partially related to coral living tissue whereas the principal simbionts size is correlated with the spatial separation of coral branches. In spite of being slightly diverse in comparison with the epifaunal community found in other coral species, the epifauna found in M. alcicornis is of great interest and peculiarity by their association with the free-living form of this coral.
RACIÓN DIARIA Y CONSUMO DE ALIMENTO DE LA POBLACIÓN DE ANCHOVIA CLUPEOIDES (PISCES: ENGRAULIDAE) EN LA CIÉNAGA GRANDE DE SANTA MARTA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Duque Guillermo , Acero P. Arturo
Published: October 2017

In tropical estuaries, most fishes feed at different hours during the day. To determine the daily ration and consumption of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM) population of Anchovia clupeoides monthly samplings of a 24 h cycle were taken at the coastal lagoon between October 1995 and June 1996. A total of 4389 specimens were examined. The population of A. clupeoides consumes almost twice its weight per year, representing a 0.53% of its body weight per day. Though the CGSM presents a high primary production (990 gC/m2/year), the percentage that is transferred to the population of A. clupeoides is relatively low (0.055%). Hence, it seems that the high productivity of the CGSM is not being transferred to upper trophic levels due to the kind of fitoplankton, mainly cianobacteria.
FIRST RECORD OF PILUMNUS PANNOSUS RATHBUN (DECAPODA: BRACHYURA: PILUMNIDAE) FROM THE COLOMBIAN CARIBBEAN
Authors: Aguirre Aguirre Adriana , Manrique Rodríguez Nelson , Cruz Castaño Norella
Published: October 2017

This paper reports Pilumnus pannosus Rathbun, a member of the family Pilumnidae, for the first time from the Colombian Caribbean. This report is based on specimens collected on the continental shelf of the Guajira Peninsula, where the species was found associated with seagrass meadows of Thalassia testudinum.
PLANKTONIC LARVAE OF LOPHOPHORIANS IN GAIRA BAY, MAGDALENA, COLOMBIAN CARIBBEAN
Authors: Ávila de Tabarés Guerly , Martínez Ramírez Oscar , Franco Herrera Andrés
Published: October 2017

Four lophophorian larvae belonging to four genera of the phyla Brachiopoda, Bryozoa and Phoronida, are reported for the first time for the Colombian Caribbean in the Magdalena region off Gaira Bay.
DISTRIBUCIÓN DE ESPONJAS SOBRE LA PLATAFORMA CONTINENTAL DE LA GUAJIRA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Díaz Michael , Zea Sven
Published: October 2017

During the exploration of the soft calcareous bottoms of the continental shelf of La Guajira Department, 47 different species of sponges were identified in the classes Demospongiae and Calcarea. From bottom trawling carried out throughout the continental shelf on the bathymetric fringes of 10 and 50 m, it was found that the number of species is larger at 50 m depth, mainly in areas to the north and south where sand and mud sediments prevail. However, the patterns are not consistent in all the cases, owing to the low similarities between stations, based on the presence-absence of sponges, indicating a rather heterogeneous faunal composition. The soft bottoms allow the growth of non-sessile and sessile sponges; collected species show massive, incrusting ramified and spherical growth, all loosely attached but agglutinating large substratum fragments to which they hold.
ESTIMACIÓN DE LOS PARÁMETROS DE CRECIMIENTO Y REPRODUCCIÓN DE LA SARDINA (Sardinella aurita) DEL SURESTE DE LA ISLA DE MARGARITA, VENEZUELA
Authors: Tagliafico Alejandro , González Leo Walter , Eslava Nora
Published: October 2017

In Venezuela, the sardine (Sardinella aurita) is considered a strategic resource because it represents a supply of low-cost protein and supports the most important socio-economic artisanal fisheries of the country. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to estimate the sardine growth parameters and reproductive aspects, fundamental in its fisheries management and evaluation. 3960 individuals were collected of the commercial catches with the “chinchorro sardinero” from the southwest of Margarita’s, from January to December 2003. The asymptotic length (L∞=26 cm) and the coefficient of growth (K=1.1 year-1) were estimated with the routine ELEFAN I from the package “FiSAT”, indicating a growth index Ø’ of 2.87. The overall sexual proportion of female to male was 1.2:1.0. The most intensive reproductive seasons were observed between January-March and July-December, however a continuous spawning was observed along the year. Our results provide enough evidence to conclude that the resource still has fast growth and sustained reproduction. The sexual maturity length was estimated in 19.8 cm and we recommended that length-average in the catches in order to properly manage the resource.
REVISIÓN TAXONÓMICA DEL CORAL PORITES COLONENSIS (SCLERACTINIA: PORITIDAE) EN EL CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Venera Pontón Dagoberto E. , Reyes Javier , Diaz Pulido Guillermo
Published: October 2017

Porites colonensis is a coral from the Caribbean Sea; colonies are foliaceous, undulated, and plate-like. Polyps are dark brown or red with small bright white or green centers; pali are present in corallites and the septal plan is bisymmetrical, conformed by three fused ventral septa, a dorsal solitary septum, and two pairs of lateral septa at each side of the dorso-ventral axis. P. colonensis is similar and can be confused with the smooth varieties of Porites astreoides and Porites branneri. There are three specimens collected from Colombia and previously identified as P. colonensis: one from Golfo de Urabá (Darién ecoregion), other from Islas del Rosario (Coralline Archipelagos ecoregion), and another from an unspecified locality, in addition to one published observation from the Golfo de Urabá without collected specimens. A recent finding of other specimens in the Tayrona National Natural Park (TNNP, Tayrona ecoregion) and the absence of a rigorous taxonomic revision for all specimens collected from Colombia showed that it was necessary to review the presence and distribution of P. colonensis in the Colombian Caribbean. A taxonomic review was done for all specimens collected from Colombia and previously identified as P. colonensis. Then, the morphologic variability of specimens that were confirmed as P. colonensis was described. Only the specimens from TNNP agreed with the holotype description of P. colonensis, while others agreed with flat varieties of P. astreoides. Thus, the presence of P. colonensis is confirmed for the first time for Colombia, but its presence in other Colombian localities outside Tayrona ecoregion could not be demonstrated. This is the only confirmed record of this species for the South American continental shelf. Furthermore, the skeletal characteristics of Colombian P. colonensis corallites showed large variability, exceeding the ranges previously described for the species.