bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementing a Spiritual and Moral Education Program for Maths Teachers
Authors: Gerasimova Yevgeniya , Dvoryatkina Svetlana , Savvina Olga , Shcherbatykh Sergey
Published: July 2021

Modern researchers focus on spiritual and moral education only of children, particularly in the humanities. In this study, we develop and implement a program for the spiritual and moral education of 24 mathematics teachers aged between 30 and 65 years and assess its effectiveness. The program's effectiveness was assessed based on previously developed psychodiagnostic tools by expanding spiritual and moral development characteristics with new components. Diagnostics of the primary state of personal characteristics of spirituality was conducted before the experimental training and after implementing the program. We analyzed data using the Wilcoxon T-test, which revealed a significant increase in value-semantic, communicative, reflexive, motivational, and critical parameters. A qualitative analysis was conducted by evaluating the further research activities of 60 % of the students. Our program can be used in postgraduate education in a wide range of specialties and areas of training worldwide. The program can provide advanced training in solving spiritual and moral education issues for mathematics teachers.
Student Teachers' Change Agency in Education for Sustainable Development
Authors: Koskela Teija , Kärkkäinen Sirpa
Published: July 2021

Previous research shows that teachers are key players in supporting agency in the face of the biggest global challenges of our time, such as climate change and pollution, as teachers educate societies' future decision-makers. The aim of this study was to analyze student teachers' perceptions of change agency and sustainable development. In this qualitative case study, the writings of student teachers (n = 116) were studied in the context of sustainable development education. The data were analyzed using content analysis. The findings of the research confirmed previous studies showing that student teachers' perceptions of sustainable development were quite narrow. The results indicated that the student teachers wrote mainly about social dimensions of sustainable development; few of them considered economic or environmental dimensions of sustainable development. The results provided new information about the current state of student teachers' perceptions of change agency in the teacher education context. Teacher education should focus more on a holistic view of sustainable development aspects. These findings might be useful in implementing teacher education curricula.
Enhancing Ecocentric Environmental Attitudes: An Experience of Science Teaching to Inspire Students to Value Trees
Authors: Ferreira Maria Eduarda , Pitarma Rui
Published: July 2021

Deforestation is a global issue. Education has a fundamental role to play in this context. In this regard, the direction and effectiveness of educational practices should focus on the empowerment of students in ecocentric environmental attitudes. A key point in education for environmental sustainability is pedagogical approaches focused on the development of critical and reflective thinking. In this context, objectified research was developed in the (re)conceptualization of the “living being”, with thermogram didacticization, as a way to develop egalitarian feelings of the need for similar attitudes among living beings. The study was developed in an action-research context. The pedagogical-didactic intervention was within the scope of the “Natural Sciences” curricular unit of the “Basic Education” degree at a Portuguese Institution. After a pedagogical-didactic intervention, the reconceptualization of “living being” was observed in these students, presenting, now, a reflexive argument concerning the ecocentric environmental attitudes regarding the “living being” – the tree vs. animal, highlighting the importance that the thermographic images had in the (re)significance of their “new look” regarding the tree.
More Personal Knowledge for More Sustainable Higher Education
Authors: Salīte Ilga , Fjodorova Ilona , Butlere Inese , Ivanova Oksana
Published: July 2021

The article aims at considering the characteristics of the Anthropocene era from a broader perspective and emhasizing the possibilities of pedagogy to reduce the current unsustain-ability of higher education. The relationships between human and nature are affected by the wicked problems. In particular, they are influenced by intermingling of anthropocentrism, egocentrism and egoism, which affect these relationships by causing changes in the human being, i.e., changes in sensitivity and sensibility occur that are naturally necessary for human adaptation to the environment.

For the case study, we have used the processes taking place at the phenomenon level, which are known as the first-person perspective (1PP) characterized by an active and dynamic connection with the environment. It should be noted that 1PP cannot be observed from a distance, as there are a number of interrelated processes that begin with the effects of the environment, the formation of the “self” and the formation of the self-image. It follows that complex consciousness in the 1PP is implemented within an egocentric reference system, where experience is structured according to the image of the human body. The article will present the findings of 1PP study obtained by performing two tasks: (1) development of a personally significant view of a 1PP researcher on the phenomenon of sustainability from an egocentric perspective and (2) involvement of the 1PP researcher in adaptive learning suitable for pandemic conditions. We would like to stress that the case study has been developed as our reaction to the intensification of unsustainable development in the relationship between nature and human, which has been initiated and maintained by the tangle of Anthropocene problems. From the pedagogical perspective, we looked for an opportunity to use the basis of the natural origin of human and nature relations to maintain more integrated activities and more personal knowledge, so that the development of more sustainable higher education could be promoted by means of personal experience. Through the pedagogical lenses of phenomenology, we identified the need to reduce the impact of the Anthropocene tangle through the use of more natural methods. We also recognized the need to use the 1PP and adaptive learning opportunities more carefully. In this way, pedagogy can gain new experiences for a more holistic understanding of individual experience and enhance the use of the unique abilities of adaptive learning to prototype more personal knowledge in order to build more sustainable higher education.
Semiotic Threshold: Animals and People
Authors: Ptitsyna Irina B.
Published: July 2021

The author discusses the question of whether animals have a language. The article examines the similarities and differences in the linguistic capabilities of animals and humans. The similarity lies in the fact that animals can use symbolic signs to receive and send messages. Among other things, they can receive and interpret signs on a delayed basis without the direct presence of their sender, although to a fundamentally lesser extent than people. The comparison is carried out both for signs perceived by the organism (afferent signs) and for signs created by the organism (efferent signs), both related to communication and the perception of the environment outside the community.

The main difference is the possibility of telling about events outside the “here and now” in which the narrator could or may not take part. This is the narrative. No signs of animals using the narrative were found. The resulting differences in storytelling use are hypothesized to be related to additional language functions that have increased in humans compared to animals. People have psychological characteristics caused by the presence of the stage of individuation and separation in development. This allows them to move away from the situation and see it from the outside, which is necessary for retelling. On the other hand, people need to communicate with the help of a narrative, since their society includes a sacred part, whose members receive descriptions of events, requests, questions, and their answers in the form of various signs and the results fortune-telling need a detailed interpretation.
Morphological Peculiarities of Parasitic (Trichosomoides crassicauda) Infection in Rat Urinary Bladder
Authors: Sikora Vladyslav , Lуndіn Mycola , Hyriavenko Natalia , Moskalenko Roman , Lуndіna Yulia , Sikora Kateryna , Chyzhma Ruslana , Diachenko Olena , Romaniuk Anatolii
Published: July 2021

Trichosomoides crassicauda (T. crassicauda) is a parasite commonly localized in the urinary bladder (UB) of laboratory and wild rats. The presence of these helminths can influence the prediction of pathological changes in the UB. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to make a comprehensive study of the features of the morphological changes in the UB wall of white laboratory rats as a result of T. crassicauda infestation. The study was performed on male rats using histological (Hematoxyline-Eosin and Alcian Blue staining) and immunohistochemical (Ki-67, Hsp70, Hsp90α, CD3 and CD20) methods. T. crassicauda was detected in both urine and UB samples. Morphological changes were observed as disruption in urothelial cell stratification and insignificant proliferative and immune responses in the UB. Increased heat shock protein levels were observed which may suggest a natural body’s resistance to this parasite.
Effects of Slag Addition and Mechanical Pre-Processing on the Properties of Recycled Concrete in Terms of Compressive Strength and Workability
Authors: Sadagopan Madumita , Malaga Katarina , Lundin Magnus , Nagy Agnes
Published: July 2021

Concrete waste as crushed concrete aggregates (CCA) in structural concrete prolongs the technical life of the reference concrete accomplishing closed loop recycling. CCA concrete reaches the reference concrete compressive strength and workability by the densification of CCA and cement paste. Our previous study demonstrates CCA densification by mechanical pre-processing, aggregate quality improvements discerned by increased packing density giving reference concrete strength and workability. This study addresses paste densification with blast furnace slag (GGBS) to replace 30 (wt.%) of Portland cement at reference concrete w/b ratio 0.5 and a lower w/b 0.42. Two CCA replacements are investigated: fine aggregates, CCA50; overall aggregate replacement, CCA100.

Compressive strength results show that both CCA50, CCA100 mixes achieve reference values at w/b 0.42, only CCA100 achieves reference value at w/b 0.5 as a climate-optimized concrete. The CCA50 mix-w/b 0.5 reaches reference strength when paste densification by GGBS is combined with CCA densification from mechanical pre-processing of aggregates. The 7-day strength of CCA100 with GGBS increases by 11% by mixing with pre-soaked GGBS. Statistical analysis of CCA100 strength results shows significant improvements with GGBS compared to mechanical pre-processing. Significant improvements are possible in CCA50 mix for a combination of mechanical pre-processed aggregates and GGBS replacement.
Applicability of Existing Crack Controlling Criteria for Structures with Large Concrete Cover Thickness
Authors: Naotunna Chavin Nilanga , Samarakoon S.M Samindi M.K , Fosså Kjell Tore
Published: July 2021

Widely used crack width calculation models and allowable crack width limits have changed from time to time and differ from region to region. It can be identified that some crack width calculation models consist with limitations for parameters like cover thickness. The current Norwegian requirement for cover thickness is larger than these limitations. The applicability of existing crack width calculation models and the allowable crack width limits must be verified for structures with large cover thickness. The background of crack width calculation models in Eurocode, Model Code 2010, Japanese code, American code and British code have been examined. By comparing the experimental crack widths with the predictions of the aforementioned models, the existing codes can be identified as requiring modification. Considering the durability aspect, it can be identified a long-term study proving that the allowable crack width can be increased with the increase in cover thickness. When considering the aesthetic aspect, the authors suggest categorizing the structures based on their prestige level and deciding the allowable crack widths accordingly. The paper proposes potential solutions for future research on how to improve both crack width calculation methods and allowable crack width limits to be used effectively in structures with large cover thickness.
Determination of the Stress Increase of the Unbonded Tendon in a Continuous Concrete Beam at Ultimate Capacity Using Nonlinear Analysis
Authors: Nakari Tarja , Laaksonen Anssi
Published: July 2021

Predicting the stress increase of an unbonded tendon in a post-tensioned continuous concrete beam at ultimate capacity is more difficult than when bonded tendons are used. The failure mechanisms of the continuous beam are also different to that of the simple-span beam. The loading type, ductility of the support area and moment redistribution influence the behaviour of the continuous structures. In this research, the simplified nonlinear analysis was used for predicting the unbonded tendon stress increase at ultimate capacity in continuous two-span beams. The model is based on the moment-curvature relationships of the reinforced concrete cross-sections under different compressive forces and deformations of the continuous beam under loading. The results have been compared with the experimental results of recent studies found in the literature. In addition, 92 unbonded post-tensioned two-span beams with different reinforcements have been examined by using the model and compared to the results obtained from empirical equations from the literature. The results from the nonlinear analysis correspond well to the results from the other models up to the reinforcement ratio of 0.35. The calculated values of the maximum moment capacity at the centre support were close to the results from the test beams.
Service Life of Concrete Pedestal without Air Entrainment
Authors: Lindman Niko , Kallio Jukka , Lahdensivu Jukka
Published: July 2021

Service life of nine wind power unit pedestals, which concrete grades between C45 and C55, were studied with four different service life models. The exact service life could be calculated only with two of them with the initial data.

The service life models that were used in calculations:

• Factor method

• Deterioration and service life prediction of concrete subjected to freeze-thaw cycles in Na2SO4 Solution-method

Service life models that were considered only at theoretical level:

• FIB Bulletin 34 – Model Code for Service Life Design, and

• An equation for determining freeze-thaw fatigue damage in concrete and a model for predicting the service life.

The latter two methods are more theoretical, and they require laboratory tests to obtain more information before the calculations can be properly executed.

This article concludes that damage to concrete due to freeze-thaw cracking is still poorly known and a sufficiently accurate service life model has not yet been developed for its computational modeling. Therefore, there is a need to develop a service life model suitable for Finnish climate and concrete grades, which could be used for estimating the damage rate of an existing concrete structure.
A Comprehensive Summary of Available Legislation and Practices in Demolition and Construction & Demolition Waste Management in the Arctic Region
Authors: Nováková Iveta , Drozdyuk Tatiana , Ohenoja Katja , Ayzenshtadt Arcady , Arntsen Bård , Perumal Priyadharshini , Dyvesveen Martin Skjerve
Published: July 2021

The need for better natural resource use is currently increasingly recognised, and high emphasis is given to the circularity of building materials and the reduction of activities with negative environmental impact. Legislation, guidelines, and other documentation play an important role in improving demolition activities and construction and demolition waste (CDW) management. Good practices in CDW handling is not achievable without knowledge about CDW recovery techniques described in guidelines and other documents.

Demolition activities in arctic regions could be more challenging due to harsh climate conditions, and therefore the cooperation between Russia, Norway and Finland was established to boost the uptake of good practices in demolition activities and CDW management. The main subject of this article is an overview of presently used demolition practices, CDW management, and verification of areas where practices with lower environmental impact and increase of material circularity could be utilised. Two fundamental documents, namely “EU Construction & Demolition Waste Management Protocol” and “Guidelines for the waste audits before demolition and renovation works of buildings” [1, 2], were published by the European Union (EU) in 2019 and serve as a foundation for changes in demolition activities and CDW management in EU and adventitiously also in the Russian Federation and Norway.
From Waste to Resource – Utilising Residue from Ready-Made Concrete as New Aggregate
Authors: Adomako Solomon , Heimdal Anette , Thorstensen Rein Terje
Published: July 2021

A new admixture is available, to reduce the sludge produced from the cleansing of production and transportation equipment in the fresh concrete industry. The result is agglomerations of hardening concrete, that might be utilised for aggregate. Utilisation depends on adequate properties. This paper reports from investigations on the physical and mechanical properties of the aggregate and discussions on the performance relative to natural and recycled aggregates and towards requirements for utilisation. The findings indicate substantial potential for utilisation, supporting the reduction of waste for deposit and development of the concrete industry towards a circular economy.
Organizational Factors of Innovativeness in Serbian Enterprises
Authors: Pitić Goran , Vučković Aleksandar
Published: July 2021

This paper analyses correlations between several organizational characteristics and product/process innovations in enterprises in Serbia. We used the World Bank Enterprise Survey data on 339 small, medium, and large companies from various industries. Many of the factors analysed in this study are consistent with theoretical conclusions in the literature on this topic and relate to organizational maturity. Also, factors such as the size of the company and the industry to which it belongs were analysed. For correlations testing, the Chi-square correlation coefficient and the Cramer’s V test were used. The analysis revealed correlations between innovativeness and many organizational characteristics. However, in some cases, contrary to theoretical claims, correlations were not confirmed. We found that the introduction of new products and/or processes in the company is influenced by business strategy, production targets, number of performance indicators monitored, establishment of quality management system, formal training programs for company’s full-time employees, ease of achieving the company’s production targets, level of awareness of management and employees about the company’s production targets, spending on research and development activities within the company, and acquisition of external knowledge, way of promoting non-managers in a company, time frame of the company’s production targets, company’s size and main market.
The European Social Fund Supports the Reintegration of the Long-term Unemployed Individuals Aged 50+ Into the Labor Market - A Comparison of the Federal States in Austria
Authors: Kadri Azra , Bobek Vito , Horvat Tatjana
Published: July 2021

This paper shows the importance of European Social Fund’s (ESF) countermeasures for reintegrating long-term unemployed persons aged 50+ in Austria since their number has increased in recent years. Four research questions are defined, which deal with the theoretical background, the ESF’s contribution, the possible causes of long-term unemployment, and their reflection in a country comparison figures. For the qualitative methodology, we conducted expert interviews and case study analysis. Concerning the quantitative method, we evaluated raw data from the AMS Public Employment Service, Austria, and Statistics, Austria. A correlation was established based on the content-related evaluation of the theoretical approaches, the expert analysis, and the presentation of statistics. It is necessary to identify the causes in time and take appropriate measures to prevent them from combating long-term unemployment among this target group.
Włoska Partia Socjalistyczna i opozycja zza „żelaznej kurtyny”: przypadek Polski w kontekście relacji Craxi–Solidarność
Authors: Landoni Enrico
Published: July 2021

The election of Bettino Craxi as PSI general secretary marked, from 1976, a very important turning point in thehistory of Italian socialism. His dynamic and charismatic leadership in fact contributed to a profound revisionof its ideological seeds, the so-called scientific Marxism, and above all to the recovery of the humanitarianand libertarian suggestions of pre-Marxist socialism. This led to the clear and definitive condemnation of theMarxist-Leninist model, which had found its practical realization in the Soviet system and in the countriesbeyond the Curtain, and prompted PSI to support the anti-communist dissidence and to establish strongrelations with the Polish opposition and above all with Solidarność. Craxi, both in the role of PSI generalsecretary and as Italian prime minister, was able to provide it with a great political-diplomatic support and alot of concrete help. Up to now, the history of these relations has not yet been adequately studied and thispaper therefore aims to fill the gap.
Henry Felix Woods and the Black Sea/Bosphorus Entrance Maritime Safety System, Then and Now
Authors: Finkel Caroline
Published: July 2021

The perils of sailing in the Black Sea are legendary, and nowhere was more dangerous than the waters where the Sea and the Bosphorus meet. Vessels carrying the valuable products of the Black Sea basin to market foundered here, and in the 1860s a commission was established to look at how to reduce these losses. The article revisits its deliberations and the leading role played in establishing a maritime safety system by Navigating Lieutenant Henry Felix Woods, a Royal Navy navigation specialist. Many surviving structures of the system have been located and photographed by members of Hiking Istanbul hiking group.
Les risques associés à la navigation dans la mer Noire étaient bien connus, particulièrement au confluent de la mer et du Bosphore. Des navires qui transportaient les précieux produits du bassin de la mer Noire à leur mise en marché ont sombré dans cette région. Dans les années 1860, une commission a été mise sur pied pour examiner des façons de réduire ces pertes. Le présent article revient sur ses délibérations et sur le rôle de premier plan joué dans l’établissement d’un système de sécurité maritime par le lieutenant de navigation Henry Felix Woods, spécialiste de la navigation de la Marine royale. Bon nombre des structures du système qui subsistent encore aujourd’hui ont été trouvées et photographiées par des membres du groupe de randonnée Hiking Istanbul.
An ideal fatty acid composition for human health: Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed
Authors:   Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences Konya Food and Agriculture University, Konya 42080, Turkey, Aytaç Ezgi
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study was to show and crosscheck the seed yield and oil composition of three different seeds growing in different regions of Turkey. Extraction with n-hexane solvent indicated that there were differences in terms of oil yield between the regions. The average oil yield was 33.8% and 33.0% seed-I, 35.7% seed-II (Region-a) and 32.6% seed-III (Region-b) oil yields were obtained. The highest fatty acid content of hemp was found as: linoleic acid (average 55.24%) followed by oleic acid (average 17.20%) and α-linolenic acid (average 16.02%). Crude ash, total dry matter and crude protein analyzes were also performed. It was observed that the hemp seed oil yield was dependent on the extraction whereas extraction had no influence on the fatty acid content. Comparison of the seed oil yield with the other studies indicated that geographical region as well as the extraction method may affect the seed oil yield.
OBJECT STATUS IN MODERN ONTOLOGIES
Authors:   Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg, Russia, Perekhoda M.A.
Published: July 2021

The philosophical discourse of the XX–ХХI, in the face of the latest ontologies, is characterized by a change in the way of speaking about things (objects), the restoration of their philosophical rights, almost completely, excluding one of the central ontological roles of a person in access to the surrounding reality. The purpose of this study was to identify the features of ideas about the ontological status of an object in modern philosophical and ontological theories. Achievement of the stated goal of the research was ensured by complex application, based on the comparative approach, dialectical and hermeneutic methods, as well as the method of ontological differentiation. In the course of the study, the features of the vision of an object, characteristic of postclassical ontologies of the 20th century, were considered. In the course of the research, the features of the object vision characteristic of post-classical ontologies of the XX century (actor-network theory, flat ontologies) were considered. Based on the ideas of plurality, heterogeneity, anti-essentialism and relationalism in the philosophical discourse of our time, the author presents a modern interpretation of the ontological statuses of objects. By analyzing the relationship of postclassical ontologies to the category of truth, the epistemological and methodological nature of the above ontological theories has been revealed. A critical analysis of the features of the status that is attributed to the object within their framework is carried out. The author substantiates the idea that the ontological status of an object in modern ontologies is reduced exclusively to its communicative and intermediary nature. The article ends with a brief presentation of the author’s views that the ontological status of an object is a fundamental issue of the connection between the idea of essence and the idea of subjectivity, which is inherent in intentionality as the ability to cognize an object. At the same time, it is pointed out that the researcher must concentrate exclusively on «cognition» and not on the «construction» of the object. The author notes that modern specialists, operating with traditional ontological terms (being, existence) in the sphere of the considered ontologies, and trying to create a new «ontology of the social», miss their original intention. In this connection, the idea turns into a new epistemology and, as a consequence, the construction of a completely different methodological framework for the cognitive process, but not an integral ontological concept.
CROSS-NATIONAL ASPECTS OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE IN A PANDEMIC
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, Leontieva L.S. , Shkarina V.S. ,   Project manager, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2021

The ever-decreasing danger of coronavirus infection is forcing scientists from various fields of science to unite to assess not only the medical and epidemiological consequences of the development of this strange disease, but also social and socio-cultural changes in society. In this regard, it becomes necessary to summarize and understand the resource capabilities of various scientific areas to identify both general and specific aspects of the transformation of organizational culture in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. That is why the authors considered it relevant to analyze the emerging scientific approaches and methods for diagnosing the degree of influence of the pandemic on social processes. The most important manifestation of the cross-cultural aspects of transformation is their socio-psychological base, which reflects similar forms of behavior of individuals in situations of collective stress. The presented study reflects a multidisciplinary approach to intangible factors in the development of social processes under the pressure of global challenges associated with the development of an unknown disease — COVID-19. A special place is occupied by the case related to the change in the attitude of Russian society to culture and cinema in the context of a pandemic. The results of scientific research include identified trends in the impact of COVID-19 on social and economic processes in all countries affected by the pandemic. The authors identified the national characteristics of organizational cultures in a pandemic. The novelty of the study lies in the formalized concept of the cross-national aspects of the transformation of organizational culture in a pandemic. The conclusions and approaches of the authors can be used in the development of national programs to overcome the consequences of COVID-19, taking into account international experience in the economy, social sphere and culture.
BANKRUPTCY AS A RISK AND A TOOL FOR PREVENTIVE RESPONSE IN ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY
Authors:   Perm Institute (branch) of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Oborin M.S. ,   Perm State National Research Uni-versity,   Perm State Agro-Technological University named after Academician D. N. Pryanishnikov, Perm, Russia, Martirosyan M.R. ,   Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russia
Published: July 2021

The evolution of economic relations, changes in the regimes and conditions of doing business naturally contributed to the formation of the institution of bankruptcy, which has economic and legal characteristics and content. The institution of bankruptcy is a mechanism for regulating macroeconomic and market processes by the state, controlling the stability of financial and economic activities in the regions of the country, regardless of the level of risk and industry affiliation of business entities. Bankruptcy of an enterprise —is an economic state of insufficient liquid assets to cover urgent obligations (subjective bankruptcy), which can be fixed in court (objective bankruptcy). One of the reasons that lead any business structure to ruin is the mistakes of the management structure when making strategic decisions regarding the alternative development of the company. Thus, the main component of effective enterprise development and forecasting of potential risks is a rationally developed management strategy. The purpose of the study is to clarify the substantive and procedural aspects of bankruptcy as a complex intersectoral institution and to develop a model of preventive and anti-crisis management of the risk of bankruptcy of enterprises. The main research methods are historical-legal, content-analysis of normative-legal acts regulating the issues of insolvency, analysis of statistical data on the studied problem, modeling. The article considers various directions of scientific and theoretical interpretation of the concept and signs of bankruptcy. The effectiveness of regulatory and economic methods and institutions of bankruptcy regulation in Russia has been evaluated. The stages of development of the conceptual foundations of insolvency related to the formation of legislation are presented. The structure of bankruptcy as a complex intersectoral institution is presented, taking into account the substantive and procedural aspects. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of a model of preventive and anti-crisis management of the risk of bankruptcy of enterprises, the significance of which lies in the predictive determination of key risks, taking into account the strategy and tactics of entrepreneurial activity. Successful foresight of negative changes in the external and internal environment, development of scenarios of compensation of consequences are most important in the prevention of insolvency. The directions of future research are related to the formation of a strategic management system focused on the characteristics of small and medium-sized businesses and the development of parameters for predicting the risk of bankruptcy.
EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE AIR FLOW VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN FRONT OF THE RADIATOR OF A CAR COOLING SYSTEM
Authors:   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia, Kholshev N.V. , Konovalov D.N. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia, Glazkov Yu.E. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia
Published: July 2021

The growth of environmental and economic requirements for the performance properties of internal combustion engines makes it necessary to constantly improve them. One of the ways to improve the design of engines is to improve the performance of its cooling system, which determines the stability of its thermal regime, on which the engine life and performance indicators directly depend. To increase the efficiency of the cooling system, you can increase the speed of the air flow flowing through the radiator and created by the fan. Flow velocity can be increased by reducing the aerodynamic drag in the air path of the engine cooling system. To do this, you need to know the actual distribution of air flow velocities in front of the radiator at its various points. The purpose of this work was to experimentally determine the air flow rates in front of the radiator at its various points at different values of the supply voltage. In accordance with the developed research methodology, a laboratory installation was developed that allows you to place the radiator assembly with the fan unit and determine the speed of the air flow in front of it with reference to its specific points, measure the speed of rotation of the fan blades and the power consumed by its engine. As a result of experimental studies, approximating response surfaces were constructed that describe the distribution of air flow velocities in front of the radiator at different values of the supply voltage, and the influence of the supply voltage values on the change in the amount of power consumed by the fan motor was established. As a result of the analysis of the data obtained, it was found that a slight decrease in voltage does not reduce the blowing area, but somewhat reduces the air flow rate, which can negatively affect the cooling of the engine itself by the air flow coming out of the fan. The scientific novelty of this work is the experimentally obtained distributions of the values of the air flow velocity in front of the radiator and the research methodology. The research results can be used to improve the efficiency of the fan installation of the engine cooling system. The direction of further research is to study the influence of the resistances at the outlet of the radiator fan casing on the distribution pattern and the air flow velocity.
A study on the levels of depression, stress and anxiety of parents having children with intellectual disability
Authors: Merla Sirisha , Kumar S. Naveen
Published: July 2021

Intellectual Disability is a developmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functions. Due to global developmental delay, persons with Intellectual Disability often are dependent on their parents/care takers and require high support and assistance for completing their self-help skills and other day to day activities. Role of Care Givers in context of globalization regarding care of Persons with Intellectual Disability and associated conditions is very critical and has placed diverse perspectives against life span needs. Parenting a child with intellectual disability brings a lot of change in psychological makeup of the parents, owing due to irreversible condition of the nature of intellectual disability. An attempt is made to understand whether parents of the child having intellectual disability are affected or not, if effected whether mother and father of the child are equally affected or not. The perception of the condition of child is perceived differently by mothers and fathers was taken for the study. Research was directed to understand the depression, stress and anxiety of parents having child with intellectual disability on mothers and fathers. A Comparative Study was undertaken to unearth the psychological makeup in parenting in terms of their depression, stress and anxiety levels that parents of intellectually disabled children have and comparison levels of those depression, stress and anxiety between mothers and fathers. A sample of 80 parents including 40 fathers and 40 mothers was randomly selected From Hyderabad, India. DASS21 scales was administered on these samples, Depression, Stress and Anxiety levels was measured in both mother and father of intellectually disabled children. Research Revealed that Parents both fathers and mothers of children with intellectual Disability experience significant level of Depression, Stress and Anxiety. Statistical Analysis on the results shows that there is no significant difference in Depression, Stress and Anxiety levels that mothers and fathers are subjected, Depression, Stress and Anxiety persistently existent in both female and male gender. Depression, Stress and Anxiety have an association, if one exists other two also exists in parents.
The Impact of Surgical Site Infection on Health-related Quality of Life: A Systematic Review
Authors: Avsar Pinar , Patton Declan , Ousey Karen , Blackburn Joanna , O'Connor Tom , Moore Zena
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common postoperative concern. PURPOSE: To provide an in-depth understanding of the lived experience and quality of life (QoL) of individuals with SSI. METHODS: A systematic search for published studies that explored the impact of SSI on QoL among adult patients (older than 18 years) who had undergone any type of surgery was performed in June 2020. The search included but was not limited to MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and the Cochrane databases using the terms “surgical site infection” OR “hospital-acquired infection” OR “nosocomial infection” OR “wound site infection” OR “surgical wound site infection” AND “Quality of Life” OR “Life quality” OR “Health-Related Quality of Life” OR “Life Style” OR “QOL” OR “HRQoL” OR “Short-form questionnaire 36” OR “Questionnaire SF-36” OR “SF-36.” All quantitative and qualitative study designs were included; no language or date of publication restrictions were imposed. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program Qualitative Checklist was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Study author, date, setting, sample size, population, and design and type of surgery as well as QoL instrument scores were extracted. A narrative thematic synthesis, which comprised the physical, psychological, social, economic, and spiritual effects as well as the health care worker–patient relationship, was undertaken for qualitative studies. Outcome measures were collected and assessed using a range of established health QoL instruments and reported in terms of QoL for quantitative studies. In addition, the type of QoL instrument employed within the studies was elucidated for comparing the scores of the instruments. RESULTS: A total of 696 publications were found; 690 were eliminated, leaving 4 quantitative and 2 qualitative studies conducted between 2002 and 2018 that met the inclusion criteria. The total number of participants in the assessed studies was 785. The mean sample size for the included studies was 131 participants (SD = 192.5; median, 95). Thematic synthesis showed 6 overarching themes: physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and economic effects of SSI as well as the health care worker–patient relationship. Short Form-36 was used to assess QoL in 3 of the 4 quantitative studies; these studies showed that there were decrements in scores of Short Form-36. CONCLUSION: Although this systematic review included heterogeneous groups of patients who underwent different surgical procedures and completed different QoL assessment tools, patients with SSI experienced low QoL, with limitations in physical, social, and psychological functioning. The health care worker–patient relationship was predominantly perceived negatively. Further prospective research is warranted.
Assessment of Pressure Injuries Following Surgery: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Yılmaz Emel , Başlı Arzu
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Pressure injury is a common problem for patients undergoing surgery and is a significant quality indicator for perioperative care. PURPOSE: To determine the rate of intraoperative pressure injuries and evaluate risk factors in surgical patients. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted from May to December 2019 among consecutive patients older than 18 years of age undergoing a nonemergent (planned) surgical procedure lasting longer than 2 hours in a hospital in Turkey. Patients with a history of preoperative pressure injury were not eligible for participation. Data collected included demographic and clinical information, preoperative Braden Scale scores, and 3S Intraoperative Risk Assessment Scale scores. The presence of a pressure injury was evaluated immediately postoperatively and 24 hours postoperatively. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, Student t test, Mann-Whitney U test, one-way analysis of variance, and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used for postoperative skin integrity and factors affecting the risk of pressure injury in the intraoperative period. RESULTS: The 164 participants ranged in age from 18 to 80 years (mean, 51.58 ± 15.96 years). The most common procedures were orthopedic (47, 28.7%), the mean Braden Scale score was 19.96 ± 1.81, and the mean 3S Intraoperative Risk Assessment Scale score was 17.92 ± 3.03. Immediately postoperatively, 64.0% of patients had blanchable erythema and 6.7% had a stage 1 pressure injury. Also immediately postoperatively, noblanchable erythema was found to be affected by comorbidities, long hospitalization time before surgery, long operation time, American Society of Anesthesiologists score of II, lithotomy position, low body temperature, hypotension during surgery, and wetness under the gluteal and sacral area during surgery. In the skin assessment conducted 24 hours after surgery, 4.9% of patients had blanchable erythema. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients (95.1%) did not show signs of a pressure injury during the time of the study (24 hours). Additional and longer-term studies are warranted.
Selbstdisziplin - Der Schlüssel
Authors: Thomas Christiane , Barta Riley
Published: July 2021

Die COVID19-Pandemie zeigt in allen Ebenen nur allzu deutlich die Stärken aber auch die jeweiligen Schwächen des Bildungssystems auf. Von geschlossenen Kindertageseinrichtungen, Grundschulen, weiterführenden Schulen, Fachhochschulen bis hin zur universitären Ausbildung sind die bildungstechnischen, persönlichen und sozialen Folgen des ausgesetzten Unterrichts bzw. der digitalen Varianten nicht absehbar. In allen Bildungsbereichen schien man nahezu unvorbereitet mit dem digitalen Zeitalter konfrontiert worden zu sein. Das Online-Format als solches schien bisher nicht in das (deutsche) Bildungssystem zu passen. Die Frage nach dem warum stellt sich hier nur allzu offensichtlich, da sowohl Schüler nahezu jeden Alters als auch Studierende täglich privat online sind. Das vorliegende Paper stellt kritische Fragen, wie online-Lehre sinnvoll für Lehrkräfte und Schüler/ Studierende umgesetzt werden kann, wo der Grundstock eines zielführenden online-Unterrichts gelegt werden muss und bei wem welche Zuständigkeiten für eine produktive Ausbildung liegen. Das umfangreiche Angebot an vertonten und visualisierten Kursen ist nur eine Seite der Medaille. Auf der anderen Seite stehen Themen wie Selbstdisziplin und -organisation. Sowohl die kindliche Ausbildung (Grundschule) als auch die Ausbildung an der Universität werden im Rahmen dieser Veröffentlichung aus Sicht der Autoren diskutiert und Kommentare sowie entsprechende Vorschläge zur Optimierung der Ausbildung auf Seiten der Lehrenden und Lernenden unterbreitet.
E MONASTERY OF THE NATIVITY OF THE VIRGIN IN VLADIMIR: FROM THE FOUNDATION TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ARCHIMANDRITIA
Authors: Артамонов Ю.А.
Published: July 2021

Настоящая статья посвящена событиям ранней истории Рождественского монастыря во Владимире Залесском. На основе анализа летописных текстов автор приходит к выводу, что обитель была основана владимирским князем Всеволодом Юрьевичем (1176–1212 г.) в период, когда Ростовскую кафедру занимал епископ Лука (1184–1189 г.). Она создавалась не только как место молитвы, но и как «школа» будущих архиереев. Княжеское покровительство обеспечило монастырю первенствующее положение в Северо-Восточной Руси, что привело к возведению его настоятеля в сан архимандрита. Это событие можно датировать зимой – началом весны 1227 или осенью 1230 г. Последняя дата представляется более вероятной.

The paper is dedicated to the early history of the Monastery of the Nativity of the Virgin in Vladimir-upon-Klyazma. On the base of the analysis of the chronicle text, the author concludes that the house was founded by Prince Vsevolod Yuryevich of Vladimir (1176–1212), when the Bishop of Rostov was Luke (1184–1189). The house was intended to be not only a place of worship, but also a “school” of future bishops. The patronage of the princes secured for the monastery an extraordinary position among the religious houses of North-Eastern Rus, and later abbots of the monastery obtained the title of archimandrite. This event can be dated either to the winter or early spring of 1227, or to the autumn of 1230, the latter date being preferable.

Keywords: North-Eastern Rus, Vladimir-Suzdal Land, the Monastery of the Nativity of the Virgin in Vladimir, Metropolitan Cyril I of Kiev, Prince Vsevolod Yuryevich of Vladimir, Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich of Pereyaslavl, Prince Mikhail Vsevolodovich of Chernigov, archimandrite, abbot, monastery, monastic church
ON DYNASTIC RELATIONSHIPS OF THE FIRST MOSCOW PRINCES
Authors: Горский А.А.
Published: July 2021

В статье обосновывается предположение, что женой первого московского князя Даниила Александровича и матерью его сыновей была дочь галицкого князя Льва Даниловича. В конце XIII – начале XIV в. существовал московско-галицкий союз, внесший вклад в укрепление позиций Московского княжества.

The author argues that first Moscow prince Daniil Alexandrovich was married on the daughter of Galich prince Lev Danilovich. The alliance of Moscow and Galich princes at the end of the 13th – the beginning of the 14th century contributed to the strengthening of Moscow principality.
THE SUBJECT OF THE LIFETIME ENDING IN THE RUSSIAN CHRONICLES OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 12th CENTUARY (THE LAST DAYS OF THE PRINCE)
Authors: Конявская Е.Л.
Published: July 2021

В статье рассмотрены летописные известия и повествования второй половины XII в., содержащие материал, касающийся представлений наших предков о конце земной жизни. Проанализированы рассказы о последних днях и похоронах Ростислава Мстиславича, Святослава Ольговича, Мстислава и Давыда Ростиславичей, Святослава Всеволодовича, Изяслава Давыдовича, Владимира Андреевича Дорогобужского.

The article brings to light the chronicles information and narrations of the second half of the 12th century concerning the idea of the lifetime ending. The last days and funeral of Rostislav Mstislavich, Svyatoslav Ol’govich, Mstislav and Davyd Rostislavichy, Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich, Izyaslav Davydovich, Vladimir Andreevich Dorogobuzhskii are studied.