bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
African Cultural Festivals and World Literature
Authors: Ducournau Claire
Published: June 2019

In an era where cultural festivals multiply, so-called African festivals have spread in Africa, but also outside of the continent, in major cities as well as in little-known villages, for example in provincial France. What are some of their implications and effects in the case of francophone African literature? These events privilege a continental representation of literature, which often reveals itself as problematic when confronted with the complex geographies of the texts and authors represented at these festivals. Using cross-disciplinary methodology, this critical inquiry reads different reallocations of this persistent African matrix through a typology and contemporary examples (Kossi Efoui’s writings, the “Étonnants Voyageurs” and “Plein sud” festivals). As an object of study, festivals bear witness to the necessity of expanding the toolbox of the (world) literary scholar by making use of documentary sources and adopting ethnographic approaches. It reveals a structural tension between an African map and various concrete territories, where local issues matter often more than this continental category, and can affect the form and content of literature itself.
A new section and a new species of Alternaria encountered from Oman
Authors: AL GHAFRI ABIR , MAHARACHCHIKUMBURA SAJEEWA S. N. , HYDE KEVIN D. , AL-SAADY NADIYA A. , AL-SADI ABDULLAH M.
Published: June 2019

The genus Alternaria contains a large number of diverse species which include many phytopathogens, endophytes and saprobes, as well as environmental species. An Alternaria species was isolated from dead wood of unknown plant collected from the Al Jabal al-Akhdar Mountain in Oman. This species did not have a conclusive match to any known Alternaria in the GenBank database using BLAST searchers based on ITS gene sequences. The analysis of a sequence dataset based on SSU, LSU, ITS, GPDH, TEF and RPB2 genes of the newly discovered species showed that it represented a new section in Altenraria. A detailed morphological comparison of both sexual and asexual morphs support the conclusions based on the sequence data. Therefore, we introduce a new Alternaria section Omanenses and a new species, Alternaria omanensis.
Primary chaetotaxy of the larval head capsule and head appendages of the Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera) based on larva of Hydrobius fuscipes (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: FIKÁČEK MARTIN , ARCHANGELSKY MIGUEL , TORRES PATRICIA L. M.
Published: June 2019

The primary chaetotaxy of the larval head capsule and head appendages of the family Hydrophilidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) is described and illustrated using the larva of Hydrobius fuscipes (Linnaeus, 1758) as a model, and compared with fifteen hydrophilid taxa representing all main taxonomic groups within the family; brief comparative notes with representatives of the families Helophoridae, Spercheidae, Hydrochidae and Histeridae are also provided. Primary chaetotaxic nomenclature is developed for the Hydrophilidae, allowing the use of chaetotaxic characters for phylogenetic studies as well as diagnostic purposes. The study of representatives of the families Helophoridae, Hydrochidae and Spercheidae suggests that this nomenclature can also be effectively applied to other hydrophiloid families. Chaetotaxic nomenclature systems used in larvae of other groups of Coleoptera are briefly reviewed.
Two new genera of Conopidae from the Afrotropical and Neotropical Region (Diptera)
Authors: STUKE JENS-HERMANN
Published: June 2019

The monotypic genera Jelte gen. nov. (neotropical) and Tammo gen. nov. (afrotropical) are described and compared to Pleurocerinella Brunetti, 1923.
A new species of Australian freetail bat Mormopterus eleryi sp. nov. (Chiroptera: Molossidae) and a taxonomic reappraisal of M. norfolkensis (Gray)
Authors: REARDON TERRY , ADAMS MARK , MCKENZIE NORM , JENKINS PAULINA
Published: June 2019

The species-level taxonomy of Australian Mormopterus has a long history of uncertainty. In this paper we review in detail the historic problems associated with determining the relationship between the norfolkensis holotype (allegedly from Norfolk Island) and forms occurring on mainland Australia. Using external and cranial characters, we establish that the holotype is conspecific with mainland specimens and we provide a redescription of the species. We also describe a new species, Mormopterus eleryi sp. nov. from central Australia. Updated allozyme profiles (a total of 40 putative loci) show that M. norfolkensis and M. eleryi sp. nov. diverge from one another at an average of 49% fixed differences and each diverge from the ‘planiceps-beccarii-loriae’ complex at an average of 48% and 45% fixed differences respectively. While both species are readily diagnosable by external and cranial features, they are especially distinctive in the morphology of the upper molars and glans penis. Echolocation call profiles as recorded by ANABAT bat detectors also show both species to have unique search phase calls compared to other Australian Mormopterus species. Both M norfolkensis and M. eleryi sp. nov. are known from less than 30 museum specimens each.
On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles
Authors: GALEA HORIA R.
Published: June 2019

A recent collection of shallow-water hydroids from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, in the eastern Caribbean Sea, was studied. This is the first comprehensive report on the hydroid fauna from the study area. A total of 48 species, belonging to 9 families of athecates and 12 families of thecates, are described or listed. All the species are illustrated and, when necessary, data on the cnidome composition are provided. Two new species, Zanclea migottoi sp. nov. and Halopteris vervoorti sp. nov., are described. Rhizogeton sterreri (Calder, 1988) is redescribed based on fertile material. Its taxonomic status is discussed and the genus Rhizodendrium Calder, 1988 is included in the synonymy of Rhizogeton L. Agassiz, 1862. Scandia michaelsarsi (Leloup, 1935) is believed to be a synonym of S. gigas (Pieper, 1884), and morphological arguments are provided to support this hypothesis. An undescribed type of peculiar gonothecae, arising from the hydrothecal apertures, was found in Dynamena disticha (Bosc, 1802). Sertularella peculiaris (Leloup, 1935) is redescribed and its synonymy discussed. The nematocyst types of Symmetroscyphus intermedius (Congdon, 1907) were identified. Some species in the present collection are provisionally identified or assigned to a genus, pending the discovery of fertile material or additional life cycle studies. Finally, the hydroid fauna from the study area proves to be preponderantly tropical in nature, with several species also occurring in temperate seas. A number of species are first records for the Caribbean basin: R. sterreri, Eudendrium capillare Alder, 1856, Coryne pusilla Gaertner, 1774, Halecium cf. lankesteri (Bourne, 1890), S. gigas, and Sertularia loculosa Busk, 1852.
Erratum: Two new species of Glyptothorax (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from central Vietnam (Zootaxa 1873: 11-25)
Authors: NG H. H. , FREYHOF J.
Published: June 2019

(Erratum)
A new genus and species of Coenosiini from Bolivia (Diptera: Muscidae: Coenosiinae)
Authors: COURI MÁRCIA SOUTO
Published: June 2019

The Coenosiini include 16 genera and 223 species according to the last Neotropical catalogue (Carvalho et al. 2005).  Couri and Pont (2000) confirmed the monophyly of this tribe on the basis of one synapormorphy: position of the three katepisternal setae, equidistant from each other and placed at the points of an imaginary equilateral triangle. In their cladistic analysis, the Coenosiini genera were divided into two groups. One was basal and defined by the presence of a posterodorsal apical seta on the hind tibia, presence of both arms on male sternite 6 (but not forming a ring) and a short female ovipositor. Nine valid genera were included in this group, mainly distributed throughout the Old World.  The second group was defined by the presence of a well developed epiproct and narrow sternites 6 and 7 in the female ovipositor. The other seven genera of the tribe were included in this clade.
A rare alpine skink Oligosoma pikitanga n. sp. (Reptilia: Scincidae) from Llawrenny Peaks, Fiordland, New Zealand
Authors: BELL TRENT P , PATTERSON GEOFF B
Published: June 2019

A new species of alpine skink, Oligosoma pikitanga, is described from the Llawrenny Peaks, Fiordland, New Zealand. This species is diagnosed on the basis of strong morphological, ecological, and genetic differentiation from the following relatives O. acrinasum, O. infrapunctatum, O. otagense, O. taumakae and O. waimatense. The species is characterized by a shiny black base colour with bright green dorsal blotches, lateral pinkish spots and a vivid orange belly. It appears this new taxon is extremely rare, and at enhanced risk from introduced mammalian predators.
Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Argentina, with description of a new species
Authors: GUANILO ALBERTO DANIEL , DE MORAES GILBERTO JOSÉ , TOLEDO SILVANA , KNAPP MARKUS
Published: June 2019

This paper reports the mites of the family Phytoseiidae known from Argentina. It is based mostly on a survey conducted in the northern region of that country as well as on published information. Twenty-two species were found in that survey, ten of which are new records from that country, including a new species here described as Neoseiulus argentinus Guanilo & Moraes n. sp.. Measurements of all species collected and a taxonomic key to separate the species known to date from Argentina are provided. All together 47 species are reported from Argentina.
Revision of the horse fly genera Lissimas and Cydistomyia (Diptera: Tabanidae: Diachlorini) of Australia
Authors: MACKERRAS I. M. , SPRATT D. M. , YEATES D. K.
Published: June 2019

Two genera of horse flies of the Tribe Diachlorini (Tabanidae), Lissimas Enderlein and Cydistomyia Taylor in Australia, are reviewed and diagnosed. Lissimas australis (Ricardo), the sole species in the genus in Australia, is redescribed. A key is given to 39 Cydistomyia species, among them 22 established species are redescribed and 17 species are described as new. The new species are: Cydistomyia danielsorum, C. fergusoni, C. tasmaniensis, C. hardyi, C. exemplum, C. obscurus, C. sabulosus, C. monteithi, C. curvabilis, C. pilosus, C. triangularis, C. improcerus, C. fenestra, C. pruina, C. infirmus, C. innubilus, and C. pseudobrevior. Six possible new species are described briefly but not named.
Two new frogs of the genus Platymantis (Anura: Ceratobatrachidae) from the Isabel Island group, Solomon Islands
Authors: BROWN RAFE M. , RICHARDS STEPHEN J.
Published: June 2019

We describe two new species of forest frogs in the genus Platymantis from the Isabel Island group, Solomon Islands. One new species is a medium-sized, terrestrial form that is morphologically most similar to P. weberi (a widespread Solomon Islands species). The other new species is an arboreal frog that is morphologically similar to Platymantis neckeri (known from Bougainville, Choiseul, and Isabel islands). Both new species possess unique advertisement calls that distinguish them from all sympatric congeners. Because acoustic characteristics function as the primary mate-recognition signals for anuran species, and are therefore an excellent indicator of the status of unique evolutionary lineages, we recognize each as new species. We diagnose both new species on the basis of their distinctive advertisement calls and in the case of the terrestrial form, by differences in body size, body proportions and skin texture. The diversity of ceratobatrachid frogs of the Solomon islands and Bougainville is underestimated and in need of a comprehensive taxonomic review coupled with a standardized survey of acoustic characters.
Revision of the Micronoctuidae species occurring in the Russian Far East and neighbouring countries with description of a new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea)
Authors: FIBIGER MICHAEL , KONONENKO VLADIMIR S.
Published: June 2019

The family Micronoctuidae and the genus Micronoctua Fibiger, 1997 are reported from the Russian Far East and neighbouring countries for the first time. The family is represented in the region by two species in the genera Mimachrostia Sugi, 1982 and Micronoctua both occurring in Russian Far East, Korea, China and Japan. The northern distribution limit of the family Micronoctuidae is the middle of the Amur River (50°31΄N, 137°035΄E), reached by Mimachrostia fasciata Sugi, 1982. The new species, Micronoctua occi, sp. n. is described from Russian Far East, the Korean peninsula, China and the Tsushima Islands of Japan. The male and female genitalia are illustrated and compared with those of Micronoctua karsholti. Distribution maps for the two species are presented.
Toward Ensemble Assimilation of Hyperspectral Satellite Observations with Data Compression and Dimension Reduction Using Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Lu Yinghui , Zhang Fuqing
Published: June 2019

Satellite-based hyperspectral radiometers usually have thousands of infrared channels that contain atmospheric state information with higher vertical resolution compared to observations from traditional sensors. However, the large numbers of channels can lead to computational burden in satellite data retrieval and assimilation. Furthermore, most of the channels are highly correlated and the pieces of independent information contained in the hyperspectral observations are usually much smaller than the number of channels. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used in this research to compress the observational information content contained in the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) channels to a few leading principal components (PCs). The corresponding PC scores were then assimilated into a PCA-based ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) system. In this proof-of-concept study based on simulated observations, hyperspectral brightness temperatures were simulated using the atmospheric state vectors from convection-permitting ensemble simulations of Hurricane Harvey (2017) as input to the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM). The PCs were derived from a preexisting training dataset of brightness temperatures calculated from convection-permitting simulation over a large domain in the Indian Ocean representing generic atmospheric conditions over tropical oceans. The EnKF increments from assimilating many individual measurements in the brightness temperature space were compared to the EnKF increments from assimilating significantly fewer numbers of leading PCs. Results showed that assimilating about 10–20 leading PCs could yield increments that were nearly indistinguishable to that from assimilating hyperspectral measurements from orders of magnitude larger number of hyperspectral channels.
Τhe Antioxidant Function of HDL in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Xepapadaki Eva , Zvintzou Evangelia , Kalogeropoulou Christina , Filou Serafoula , Kypreos Kyriakos E.
Published: June 2019

Atherosclerosis is a multistep process that progresses over a long period of time and displays a broad range of severity. In its final form, it manifests as a lesion of the intimal layer of the arterial wall. There is strong evidence supporting that oxidative stress contributes to coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality and antioxidant high-density lipoprotein (HDL) could have a beneficial role in the prevention and prognosis of the disease. Indeed, certain subspecies of HDL may act as natural antioxidants preventing oxidation of lipids on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and biological membranes. The antioxidant function may be attributed to inhibition of synthesis or neutralization of free radicals and reactive oxygen species by HDL lipids and associated enzymes or transfer of oxidation prone lipids from LDL and biological membranes to HDL for catabolism. A limited number of clinical trials suggest that the increased antioxidant potential of HDL correlates with decreased risk for atherosclerosis. Some nutritional interventions to increase HDL antioxidant activity have been proposed with limited success so far. The limitations in measuring and understanding HDL antioxidant function in vivo are also discussed.
History of abuse and neglect and their associations with mental health in rescued child labourers in Nepal
Authors: Dhakal Sandesh , Niraula Shanta , Sharma Narayan Prasad , Sthapit Sabitri , Bennett Eleanor , Vaswani Ayesha , Pandey Rakesh , Kumari Veena , Lau Jennifer YF
Published: June 2019

Objectives:

Little is known about rates of childhood maltreatment in low-income countries, particularly among marginalised sectors of society. Economic hardships mean that in such countries, many children and young people are exploited in the labour force and/or are trafficked, placing them at greater risk for being exposed to other forms of maltreatment. Cultural norms endorsing the use of physical and emotional acts to discipline children further exacerbate this risk. Here, we assessed the rates of childhood victimisation experiences and associated mental health problems in Nepalese youth rescued from illegal child labour including trafficking.

Methods:

One hundred and three young people aged 12–18 years living in out-of-home care institutions and rescued from child labour/trafficking completed translated versions of selected modules from the Juvenile Victimisation Questionnaire, the Youth Inventory and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Care-home employees responsible for looking after the young people completed the Adolescent Symptom Inventory and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Analysis described maltreatment frequencies and compared individuals who had and had not experienced any form of maltreatment on the presence/absence of psychiatric diagnoses.

Results:

Seventy-two percent of participants experienced some form of maltreatment in their lifetime. Rates for each maltreatment type were 46.6% for physical abuse, 40.77% for emotional abuse, 27.2% for sexual abuse and 33% for neglect. Symptoms indicative of anxiety disorders and trauma were commonly reported especially in victims of childhood maltreatment.

Conclusions:

Our estimates of physical abuse in this at-risk juvenile sample were commensurate to those reported in general-population youth samples in Nepal, but sexual and emotional abuse rates were somewhat lower. The potential presence of anxiety and trauma in this sample that may result from maltreatment requires replication, but underscores an urgent need for routine mental health screening in rescued child labourers during rehabilitation efforts.
Preliminary effects and acceptability of a co-produced physical activity referral intervention
Authors: Buckley Benjamin JR , Thijssen Dick HJ , Murphy Rebecca C , Graves Lee EF , Whyte Greg , Gillison Fiona , Crone Diane , Wilson Philip M , Hindley Daniel , Watson Paula M
Published: June 2019

Objectives:

To explore the preliminary effects and acceptability of a co-produced physical activity referral intervention.

Study Design:

Longitudinal design with data collected at baseline and post a 12-week physical activity referral intervention.

Setting:

Community leisure centre.

Methods:

In all, 32 adults with controlled lifestyle-related health conditions took part in a physical activity referral intervention (co-produced by a multidisciplinary stakeholder group) comprising 12 weeks subsidised fitness centre access plus four behaviour change consultations. A complete case analysis ( t-tests and magnitude-based inferences) was conducted to assess baseline-to-12-week change in physical activity, cardiometabolic, and psychological measures. Semi-structured interviews were conducted ( n = 12) to explore experiences of the intervention.

Results:

Mean improvements were observed in cardiorespiratory fitness (3.6 mL kg-1 min-1 [95% confidence interval: 1.9–5.4], p < .001) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (12.6 minutes per day [95% confidence interval: 4.3–29.6], p = .013). Participants were positive about the support received from exercise referral practitioners, but experienced some challenges in a busy and under staffed gym environment.

Conclusions:

A co-produced physical activity referral intervention elicited short-term improvements in physical activity and cardiometabolic health. Further refinements may be required, via ongoing feedback between stakeholders, researchers and service users, to achieve the intended holistic physical activity focus of the intervention, prior to a definitive trial.
Why agroecology is a dead end for Africa
Authors: Mugwanya Nassib
Published: June 2019

The urgent need to transform Africa’s agriculture has led to a rise in advocacy for more holistic and sustainable models such as agroecology. However, in the name of working within the limits of nature, and of social justice, proponents of agroecology in Africa are—knowingly or unknowingly—pushing for the status quo. Moreover, the anti-corporate, anti-industrial sentiment informing the arguments of agroecology is likewise disconnected from the current economic reality in many African countries. Whatever one’s position, arguments about what path Africa’s agriculture should follow need to be based on a clear understanding of the starting point, on the reality of African agriculture as it exists today. The agroecological model advocated is too restrictive to transform the sector. At best, it seeks not to transform, but to trap farmers in the poverty of their current unproductive farming practices.
Competitive Performance Effects of Psychological Skill Training for Youth Swimmers
Authors: Meggs Jennifer , Chen Mark A.
Published: June 2019

This study assessed the effect of two different psychological methods of skills training—self-talk and goal setting—on the swimming performance of youth swimmers. We allocated a convenience sample of club and county level youth swimmers ( N = 49; Mage = 10.8, SD = 1.25) to one of the three groups: self-talk, goal setting, or a control group engaged in no systematic psychological method of skills training. The groups were balanced in terms of competitive performance ability, age, and gender. Participants in the experimental conditions (self-talk and goal setting) completed a 5-week psychological skills intervention program and were measured on pre- and post-200-m swimming time in competition. After controlling for level of engagement in the program, analysis of covariance revealed a significant omnibus effect ( p = .006, [Formula: see text] = .20) with post hoc pairwise comparisons using magnitude-based statistics demonstrating that goal setting had a small positive effect compared with self-talk ( η2 = .40; ± 0.45). Both self-talk ( η2 = .50; ±0.48) and goal setting ( η2 = .71; ±0.4) showed a small and moderate positive effect, respectively, relative to the control group. A social validation check confirmed that the swimmers found the intervention to be relevant, beneficial, and meaningful for improving performance. Psychological skills training may be effective in improving youth swimming performance; specific mechanisms underlying these benefits need further exploration.
World Heritage Tourism Triggers Urban–Rural Reverse Migration and Social Change
Authors: Buckley Ralf , Shekari Fatemeh , Mohammadi Zohre , Azizi Fatemeh , Ziaee Mahmood
Published: June 2019

We show that tourism to a World Heritage Area generates economic opportunities in nearby rural communities, sufficient to reverse migration to the city. To carry out this test, we used an isolated region with a simple economic structure and a newly declared WHA, and analyzed economic constraints, opportunities, and decision processes at the micro scale of individual households, through qualitative analysis of interviews and on-site audits. Tourism triggered a switch from accelerating decline of rural villages, with closing schools and abandoned buildings and farmland, to accelerating recovery and reinvigoration, with new ecolodges and adventure tours employing household members and other local residents. The switch was assisted by low-interest ecotourism loans. It has also generated new economic opportunities for women specifically, and these have created much greater social freedom and self-determination, now also accepted by men.
Reinstating the Resourceful Self: When and How Self-Affirmations Improve Executive Performance of the Powerless
Authors: Albalooshi Sumaya , Moeini-Jazani Mehrad , Fennis Bob M. , Warlop Luk
Published: June 2019

Research has found that lack of power impairs executive functions. In the present research, we show that this impairment is not immutable. Across three studies and focusing on inhibitory control as one of the core facets of executive functions, our investigation shows that self-affirmation attenuates the previously documented decrements in inhibitory control of the powerless (Studies 1-3). We also examine boundary conditions of this effect and demonstrate that self-affirmation is most effective insofar as the powerless lack self-esteem (Study 2). Finally, we directly test the underlying process of this effect and demonstrate that self-affirmation increases an efficacious self-view among the powerless, which in turn improves their inhibitory control abilities (Study 3). Overall, we conclude that reinstating an efficacious self-view through self-affirmation offsets the impairments in inhibitory control abilities of the powerless and reduces the cognitive performance gap between the powerless and the powerful.
What does Facebook ‘afford’ do-it-yourself musicians? Considering social media affordances as sites of contestation
Authors: Jones Ellis
Published: June 2019

Recent theoretical work by Internet and social media scholars promises to offer valuable clarity to a concept which has been historically rather muddy: the affordance. Connections and shared themes within this recent literature have been thus far rather under-developed, and therefore the first contribution of this article is to strengthen those connections. It argues for a nascent conceptualisation of affordances as ‘sites of contestation’, improving on unsatisfactory applications of affordance theory to date by focusing on the specificity of user-groups, on social media’s status as both textual and material, and on power imbalances between users and platforms. The second contribution of this article is an empirical application of this analytical tool. Drawing on ethnographic work in a do-it-yourself (‘DIY’) music scene in Leeds, it considers what is ‘afforded’ to these practitioners by the Facebook Pages platform. Three key affordances are outlined – ‘digging’, ‘rallying’ and ‘surveilling’ – which shed light on the complexity and variety of contestations enacted between platforms and users.
From online strangers to offline friends: a qualitative study of video game players in Hong Kong
Authors: Lai Gina , Fung Ka Yi
Published: June 2019

This exploratory study adopts a dynamic approach to the understanding of video-gaming and social relationships. It examines the development of friendship ties initiated by video-gaming over a 10-year period of time. Based on qualitative data from 22 Nintendo DS players in Hong Kong, we find that the game play platform functions as a social media platform enabling individuals to make new friends. Four stages of friendship tie development are identified, from total strangers, online acquaintances, online friends, to offline friends. While the digital technology overcomes the structural constraints for relationship building and fosters perceived trust and intimacy among people, face-to-face interactions are important for authenticating these perceptions and sustaining the relationships. Our study also underscores the interconnection of the game world, virtual world, and physical world. Directions for future research are suggested.
Aspirational paternity and the female gaze on Korean reality–variety TV
Authors: Jung Grace
Published: June 2019

Korean public broadcasters are reconstructing local fatherhood through two popular reality–variety shows Dad! Where Are We Going? (MBC, 2013–2015) and The Return of Superman (KBS, 2013–) wherein celebrity dads look after their children for 2 days without the help of their wives. The shows exemplify Korean ‘telemodernity’, which describes Asia’s aspirational modernity channeled through lifestyle television programs. These examples of Korean telemodernity strive toward a Western exemplary of fatherhood by breaking from the earlier generation’s paternity, described through an internalized orientalist self-perception as emotionally unavailable. The paternal masculinity that these shows idealize is visible through the mise-en-scene that frames scenarios around the female (mother’s) gaze of approval or disapproval. In a nation panicked by low childbirths, these shows are biopolitical in their design to encourage heteronormative coupling and reproduction among women more so than promote household egalitarianism.
‘Any time, any place anywhere…’
Authors: Corney Paul J
Published: June 2019

In this article, the author will illustrate the importance careful planning plays in creating the right environment for face-to-face collaboration and learning.
Acquisition without evidence: English infinitives and poverty of stimulus in adult second language acquisition
Authors: Heil Jeanne , López Luis
Published: June 2019

This article provides a Poverty of Stimulus argument for the participation of a dedicated linguistic module in second language acquisition. We study the second language (L2) acquisition of a subset of English infinitive complements that exhibit the following properties: (a) they present an intricate web of grammatical constraints while (b) they are highly infrequent in corpora, (c) they lack visible features that would make them salient, and (d) they are communicatively superfluous. We report on an experiment testing the knowledge of some infinitival constructions by near-native adult first language (L1) Spanish / L2 English speakers. Learners demonstrated a linguistic system that includes contrasts based on subtle restrictions in the L2, including aspect restrictions in Raising to Object. These results provide evidence that frequency and other cognitive or environmental factors are insufficient to account for the acquisition of the full spectrum of English infinitivals. This leads us to the conclusion that a domain-specific linguistic faculty is required.
Video consultations in palliative care: A systematic integrative review
Authors: Jess Mia , Timm Helle , Dieperink Karin B
Published: June 2019

Background:

There is extensive need for palliative care worldwide, but access to care remains inadequate, especially for non-cancer patients. Video consultations are a promising tool in the provision of home-based palliative care, but an overview of evidence solely on video consultations in palliative care is lacking.

Aim:

To review and synthesize current evidence regarding the use of video consultations in general and specialized palliative care to various patient groups.

Design:

A systematic integrative review with a narrative synthesis was undertaken in accordance with PRISMA (2009) guidelines. PROSPERO #: CRD42018095383

Data sources:

PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsychINFO were searched for primary research articles published between 2005 and 2018. In addition, reference lists of included articles were hand searched.

Results:

The search resulted in 813 articles; 39 articles were included in the review, consisting of mixed methods ( n = 14), qualitative ( n = 10), quantitative ( n = 10), and case studies ( n = 5). The studies mainly focused on specialized palliative care to adult patients with cancer in high income countries. Through data analysis, six themes addressing advantages/disadvantages and facilitators/barriers were identified: (1) Redesign of care, (2) Communication, (3) User perceptions, (4) Technology, (5) Privacy issues, and (6) Economic implications.

Conclusion:

Using video technology in palliative care has both advantages and disadvantages. However, evidence beyond the focus on specialized palliative care and patients with cancer is limited. Future research should focus on how and when video consultations might replace in-person specialized palliative care and video consultations in general palliative care, in low and middle income countries; and involve patients with a non-cancer diagnosis.
Treatment of Crowe IV developmental dysplasia of the hip with cementless total hip arthroplasty and shortening subtrochanteric osteotomy
Authors: Liu Tang , Wang Sisi , Huang Guoliang , Wang Wanchun
Published: June 2019

Objective

This study was performed to document the clinical and radiographic results of consecutive patients with Crowe IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) treated by cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) using an S-ROM femoral component with shortening derotational subtrochanteric osteotomy.

Methods

Twenty-three hips of 21 patients with Crowe IV DDH were treated by cementless THA combined with shortening derotational subtrochanteric osteotomy from January 2005 to January 2011. The mean preoperative modified Harris hip score (mHHS) and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score were 40.7 and 4.2, respectively.

Results

The mean follow-up was 105 months. The mean mHHS and UCLA score improved to 87.0 and 9.1, respectively, at the latest follow-up. Nine of the 23 hips had a negative Trendelenburg sign. One of the 23 hips was outside the Lewinnek acetabular cup inclination safe range, and 3 of the 23 hips were outside the Lewinnek acetabular cup anteversion safe range. The probability of prosthesis survival was 100% at 5 years and 91.3% at 10 years.

Conclusion

Patients with Crowe IV DDH can be treated by cementless THA combined with shortening derotational subtrochanteric osteotomy. This method can greatly improve hip joint function and relieve pain without significant complications.
Autonomic dysreflexia during pregnancy in a woman with spinal cord injury: a case report
Authors: Soh Soo-Hyun , Lee Geonsang , Joo Min Cheol
Published: June 2019

We herein report a case involving a 35-year-old woman with spinal cord injury (SCI) in whom autonomic dysreflexia (AD) newly developed during pregnancy and resolved after delivery. The neurological level and severity of SCI according to the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) was T4 AIS-A. The patient had sustained an SCI 20 years prior. Upon presentation, she reported a newly developed increased need to empty her bladder, facial flushing, palpitation, sweating, and headache during pregnancy. She was hospitalized for careful observation at 33 weeks of gestation. The intensity and frequency of the symptoms of AD increased with time. She underwent a cesarean section under general anesthesia at 36 weeks of gestation. Three weeks after the delivery, her vital signs normalized and AD symptoms improved. This case indicates that careful evaluation and proper management of AD symptoms in pregnant women with SCI are essential. For proper prevention and management of AD, education about AD symptoms and supportive management to prevent AD symptoms are necessary for the patient, physician, and multidisciplinary approach team.
Radiotherapy activates autophagy to increase CD8+ T cell infiltration by modulating major histocompatibility complex class-I expression in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zeng Hai , Zhang Weijia , Gong Yan , Xie Conghua
Published: June 2019

Objective

Radiotherapy is reported to enhance immune responses in cancer, but appropriate doses and mechanisms remain to be investigated. This study explored whether autophagy is involved in the regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) expression and CD8+ T cell infiltration at different radiation doses.

Methods

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines A549 and H1975 were exposed to different doses of radiation. The levels of autophagy and MHC-I expression were examined 6 hours after irradiation. The effects of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) on MHC-I expression were also investigated, as well as the relationship between autophagy and MHC-1 expression. Pathological specimens from 69 NSCLC patients were collected, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect MHC-1 expression and CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumors.

Results

Irradiation induced autophagy and MHC-I expression during a single radiation dose from 2 to 20 Gy in a dose-dependent manner. CQ downregulated MHC-I expression. Immunohistochemistry indicated that MHC-I levels were positively correlated with the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in NSCLC cells (R2 = 0.713).

Conclusions

Autophagy induced MHC-I expression and increased CD8+ T cell infiltration. A single radiation dose of 20 Gy induced the strongest CD8+ T cell infiltration.
Perceptual Distortions of 3-D Finger Size
Authors: Tavacioglu Ebru Ecem , Azañón Elena , Longo Matthew R.
Published: June 2019

Our body is a volumetric, three-dimensional (3-D) object in the world, and we experience it as such. Existing methods for measuring the perceptual body image, however, have been based on judgments of one-dimensional (1-D) length or two-dimensional images. We developed a new approach to the 3-D perceptual body image of the fingers by asking people to judge whether each finger would fit through rings of varying diameter. This task requires participants to conceptualize their finger as a volumetric object entering the ring. In two experiments, we used an adaptive staircase procedure to estimate the perceived size of each finger. There were systematic distortions of perceived 3-D finger size, with the size of index finger and (to a lesser extent) the middle finger underestimated. These distortions were unaffected by changes in hand posture. Notably, the pattern of distortions is qualitatively different from that found in previous research investigating 1-D finger length, suggesting that 3-D judgments of the body may differ in fundamental ways from 1-D judgments of individual body dimensions.
Risk, Risk Assessment, and Community Corrections in China
Authors: Yuan Xiaoyu
Published: June 2019

Although risk in the criminal justice field has been subject to intensive international debate, it has not incorporated China and its growing field of community corrections. This article assesses the current initiative of developing actuarial assessment tools in China and contrasts this with its use in the correctional context. There is certainly a rift in the understanding of risk, particularly, between the risk factors in Western risk assessment tools, the political construction of risk, and the local practitioners’ embrace of correctional work. However, this article suggests that under the current mode of risk governance in China, actuarial assessment tools promoted in the correctional field simply add another layer of social control. The article highlights the importance of political and social rationalities and environments behind the construction of risk.
Geographies of sexualities in sub-Saharan Africa: Positioning and critically engaging with international human rights and related ascendant discourses
Authors: Tucker Andrew
Published: June 2019

Significant opportunities exist to examine new ways of approaching geographies of sexualities in the Global South. This article argues a key way to consider this is via a systematic evaluation of diverse impacts in the Global South of very different internationally-driven processes designed to address local LGBT needs. Focusing on sub-Saharan Africa and drawing on and reviewing a range of disciplinary perspectives, this article offers a conceptualization and series of future research questions regarding the relational and diverse impacts of different internationally-driven processes. These concerns support existing geographies of sexualities interests including the interfaces between sexuality, intersectionality and space.
Financial geography III: The financialization of the city
Authors: Aalbers Manuel B.
Published: June 2019

This report discusses the financialization of urban governance and the built environment as an explicit state strategy, focusing on municipal finance and the use of financial products by the local state and (semi-)public sector. A number of lessons can be drawn regarding the temporality and spatiality of financializing ‘the urban’. Firstly, the financial crisis that started in 2007 has not resulted in a definancialization of the city. Secondly, despite a number of common trends, the literature also highlights the diversity of experiences. Yet it would be too easy to conclude that the financialization of the land, housing and real estate is exclusively a Global North phenomenon, as it extends into the Global South. Finally, the literature notes an emerging gentrification-touristification-financialization nexus. The role of the state in all of this is variegated and often ambiguous.
Bringing in the ‘neoliberal model of development’
Authors: Neilson David
Published: June 2019

This article brings in the concept of the ‘neoliberal model of development’ as a corrective to the prevailing emphasis in the literature that usefully describes neoliberalism as a nationally diverging phenomenon but does not adequately examine the mid-range trans-national/global regulatory connection or the logics of national convergence. By extending the concept of regulation and specifying the national trans-national connection, this article revises the original Parisian French Regulation School conception of a ‘model of development’ and makes it applicable to the contemporary neoliberal era. It then applies this revised conception to help explain contemporary patterns of national convergence and divergence. In particular, with reference to Marx’s theory of the ‘relative surplus population’, this article explores capitalism’s uneven development as a form of national variation intensified by the neoliberal model of development. This revisionist analysis of model of development also demonstrates how its praxis dimension is significant for explaining past and present mid-range variations of capitalism, and more importantly for making a mid-range counter-hegemonic future.
Operational Evaluation of Advisory Bike Lane Treatment on Road User Behavior in Ottawa, Canada
Authors: Kassim Ali , Culley Alex , McGuire Shawn
Published: June 2019

The City of Ottawa has been investigating design solutions to facilitate the addition of cycling facilities, while maintaining parking, to roadways with limited right-of-ways. A pilot project to install advisory bike lanes was initiated. The purpose of this study is to determine how new pavement markings (advisory bike lanes) influence cyclist and motorist interactions and positioning, especially with respect to the distance between motorists and cyclists when passing. The study presents a before–after evaluation of two contrasting pavement indications. Video data were collected in two phases (pre- and post- treatment); each phase consisted of two different days. A number of safety performance parameters were used to assess whether safer conditions existed after the new treatment was installed: (i) the lateral distance between the motor vehicle and cyclist, (ii) the lateral distance between the cyclist and curbside edge/cyclist and buffer edge line, and (iii) the speed of the cyclist and motor vehicle. The findings indicate that the advisory bike lanes created more favorable conditions for cyclist safety and for motor vehicle compliance. These findings are (i) motorists passed cyclists with a greater lateral separation distance, (ii) cyclists positioned themselves further from parking edge line and rode in the middle of the bike lane, (iii) motor vehicle traveling speed decreased (the 85th percentile speed decreased by 5.2% after the installation of the advisory bike lane), and (iv) average cyclist speed increased (the average cyclist speed increased by 7.7% after the installation of the advisory bike lane).
Understanding the Emergence of Authoritarian Capitalist States: Looking Backward to See Forward
Authors: Willoughby John
Published: June 2019

This paper examines how contemporary analysts can use the analytical legacy of earlier Marxist writers on fascism and authoritarianism to understand the present. I argue that the emergence of dictatorial rule in a capitalist society once organized by parliamentary institutions can best be interpreted as a response to an intensifying crisis of representation within parliamentary democracy. These crises come as changing material conditions disrupt systems of patronage and support that had previously integrated or embedded populations into a deceptively stable capitalist growth process. This analysis draws on Marx’s original analysis in The Eighteenth Brumaire, Gramsci’s and Trotsky’s writings during the interwar period, and the early postwar analysis of Nicos Poulantzas. The article does not find the state monopoly capitalist tradition of this era to be particularly useful for understanding present (or past) periods of capitalist authoritarianism.

JEL Classification: B1, B2, B3, B5
Patterns of Self-Reported Driving While Intoxicated Among Older Adults
Authors: Talwar Amish , Hill Linda L. , DiGuiseppi Carolyn , Betz Marian E. , Eby David W. , Molnar Lisa J. , Kelley-Baker Tara , Villavicencio Leon , Andrews Howard F. , Li Guohua , Strogatz David
Published: June 2019

Objective: This study examines the prevalence of self-reported driving while intoxicated (DWI) among drivers aged 65 and older. Method: This cross-sectional study was based on baseline data from the AAA Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) study, a multisite prospective cohort study of 2,990 older adult drivers. Alcohol-related variables from the baseline questionnaire were examined in relation to demographics, health status, and driving behaviors. A logistic regression model assessed variables associated with DWI. Results: Of the 2,990 participants, 72.7% reported consuming alcohol, 15.0% reported high-risk drinking, and 3.3% reported DWI. High-risk drinking (OR = 12.01) and risky driving behaviors (OR = 13.34) were significantly associated with at least occasional DWI. Avoidance of hazardous driving conditions (OR = 0.71) and higher level of comfort during challenging driving scenarios (OR = 0.65) were less likely to be associated with DWI. Conclusion: A large number of older adults engage in high-risk drinking and DWI. Public health education and DWI-related interventions should include older adults.
Benchmarking operational efficiency in waste collection: Discussion of current approaches and possible alternatives
Authors: Sousa V , Dias-Ferreira C , Fernández-Braña A , Meireles I
Published: June 2019

Efficiency assessment and benchmarking are crucial for managing any organization. However, especially from a regulatory perspective, such efficiency assessment and benchmarking must be unbiased from context-specific issues and should provide an absolute rating, rather than a relative one. The current work reviews the approaches used for performance assessment and benchmarking waste collection services, revealing that the majority are biased and are not absolute, and proposes two alternative context-unbiased and absolute performance indicators, the collection capacity use (CCU) and the segregated waste collection efficiency (SWE). The proposed indicators were calculated for 246 utilities operating in Portugal. The utilities were then ranked accordingly, and their position was compared with the position attained using the equivalent performance indicators in the system currently in use by the Portuguese service regulator. The results reveal ranking differences of over 50 positions and illustrate how misleading the results from context-biased and relative metrics can be.