bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lysias’s Speech On the Refusal of a Pension and Athenian Citizens with Disabilities
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Kudryavtseva Tatyana V.
Published: June 2022

The article examines speech XXIV by Athenian orator Lysias “On the Refusal of a Pension” (V–IV c. BCE) This text provides not only an excellent example of a legal speech written by a renowned Attic orator but also invaluable material for the study of social policy of Athenian democracy, namely — adaptation and survival of people with disabilities in the ancient Greek polis. The author of the article agrees with those researchers who have no doubts concerning the authorship of the speech and its intention to be delivered during the litigation on dokimasia of “infirm” people in the Council 500. The article considers the information about the disabled people in Athens and the allowance granted to them, and analyses topoi frequently used by litigants in legal speeches. Similarly to other Athenian trials, the outcome of this is not known, nor is the fate of the disabled person and whether he managed to assert his position. The analysis of the strategies of litigants indicates that appealing to pathos, enhancing the image of a good citizen, and discrediting the opponent in combination with irony, humor, and dramatization of the trial, to a certain extent, often made an impact on judges and resulted in a favorable decision The whole repertoire of these tactics was effectively utilized by the orator in speech XXIV, therefore is reasonable to suggest that the success was almost guaranteed. It is also noteworthy that the Athenian law that granted the allowance to adynatoi was unique for the Ancient Greece and, in all probability, was connected with the development of Athenian democracy.
From Ally to Enemy: The XYZ Affair and а Diplomatic Crisis in the Franco-American Relations
Authors:   The University of Danang, University of Science and Education, Nguyen Van Sang
Published: June 2022

The XYZ Affair was the most significant political incident during twenty years of the Franco- American alliance (1778–1798). It was the leading cause of the diplomatic crisis and the Quasi-War in relations between two countries from 1798 to 1800. Based on sources such as treaties, monographs, and other documents from the American side which are related to the topic, the article aims to analyze the crisis in Franco-American diplomacy after twenty years of establishing the alliances through the XYZ Affair and the Quasi-War. The study focuses on presenting the breakdown of trust in the Franco-American relations that led to the emergence of the XYZ Affair; the diplomatic crisis in the Franco-American relations known as the XYZ Affair and the Quasi-War between both countries and efforts of two countries to find a peaceful solution. The research shows that the XYZ Affair had been the biggest conflict case in the history of the Franco-American relations since 1778. In fact, America’s interest and honour in the XYZ Affair was the fundamental cause leading to the severe crisis in relations between two countries. The article contributes to clarifying the history of the XYZ Affair, the Quasi-War, the Franco-American relations, and a part of American diplomatic history in the first half of the founding era of the United States.
Political Institutions and their Role in the Foreign Policy of Denmark
Authors:   Copenhagen Business School, Dubinka-Hushcha Lizaveta A.
Published: June 2022

This article focuses on the historical development of political institutions in Denmark after the Second World War and their influence on foreign policy decision-making. This is in line with an emergent trend in the second half of the 20th century reflected in the increasing power of Folketing (the Danish Parliament) driven by a growing number of special parliamentary commissions responsible for particular aspects of foreign policy. It follows from the study that the political system of Denmark has been characterized by continuity, stability and predictability since the Second World War. The example of Danish foreign policy demonstrates that socio-political stability and a high level of economic development combined with an active multilateral diplomacy is one of the most efficient soft power instruments to enhance the international image of a country. The article distinguishes institutional prerequisites for this development based on the analysis of the political actors and their involvement in the formation of the foreign policy. The unique decision-making system has allowed Denmark to achieve a remarkable success in defending and promoting its national interests, skillfully manoeuvring between great powers and ensuring the continuity of its foreign policy regardless of the coalition in power. In spite of its relevance, there is still a gap in the studies of foreign policy of small states in post-Soviet historiography. The empirical base of this research is comprised of publications in Nordic languages as well as in Polish and Russian, collected and studied by the author in the Royal Danish Library in Copenhagen, the National library of Russia in Saint Petersburg, the National Library of Poland, the National Library of Iceland, and from online resources.
The Ostrogothic Historian Jordanes from a Linguo-Historical Perspective
Authors:   Ogarev Mordovia State University, Trofimova Yulia M.
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the debatable question of the ethnical identity of the Ostrogothic historian of the 6th century Jordanes, whose main work “Getica” is constantly under scrutiny by both contemporary historians and linguists. The article proposes the necessity of the linguo- historical analysis of “Getica” carried out on the interdisciplinatory basis and aimed at obtaining some new information confirming Jordanes’ Gothic origin. The paper concentrates on Jordanes’ unambiguous statement of his Gotic origin whose verbal form has been evoking more than a century-long discussion of his Gothic ethnical identity. This statement is analysed in comparsion with Late Latin sources and Gothic Bible, which testifies to a similarity in Jordanes’ manner of writing. The historical foundation of the analysis reveals in some cases a complete coincidence with the linguistic notions of concept and mentality, which are taken into consideration in the commentary on Jordanes’ above- mentioned statement. With regard to the notions of concept and mentality, the analysis results in substantiating Jordanes’ historically determined manner of writing, which serves as proof of his Gothic origin both by birth and language. Historical data concerning some facts of his biography referring to his place of birth and work as a notary in the locations where Latin was spoken enable to conclude that he could not but know the language of these territories and thus undoubtedly was bilingual.
The Image of the Roman Empire in the Works of Mikhail Ivanovich Rostovtzeff
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Makhlaiuk Alexander V.
Published: June 2022

The article examines the features of the image of the Roman Empire created by the outstanding historian M. I. Rostovtzeff, primarily in his “Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire”. This image is contradictory and ambiguous. It involves a lot of genuine innovative ideas, bright colours, but there are also a number of obvious exaggerations and aberrations, a certain “contemporization” of economic and social realities. Paradoxically, Rostovtzeff ’s Roman Empire turns out to be an empire without imperialism. Its very “empireness”, i. e., specific ties between the center and provincial and “barbaric” periphery; the organization of space; the modes of relations between the “imperial nation” and the subordinate peoples; the unity of diversity as well as geographical (geopolitical) and economic determination of Roman imperial expansion, remains outside the historian’s scope. At the same time, Rostovtzeff perspicaciously grasps the deep drama of Roman history, irreducible either to the tyranny and extravagance of individual rulers or to the merciless struggle of social classes. A significant role in creating such a comprehensive image of the Roman Empire was ensured not only by Rostovtzeff ’s political preferences and life experience, but also by his personality and style of scholarship. This gives the “Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire” a special dimension, making it not only a fact of historiography per se but the substantial evidence of the indissoluble relationship between the personality of the historian, his ideas and the time in which he happened to live and work.
The Formation and Significance of Assyrian Narrative for the Soviet Historiography of Antiquity
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Krikh Sergey B.
Published: June 2022

The author of the article, using the method of backward chronology, highlights characteristic features of the narrative about Assyria from the beginning of the 21st century until the middle of the 20th century, and points out that I. M. Dyakonoff, who used to be the leading Assyriologist, gradually had delegated to his pupils almost all of the aspects of Assyrian history, retaining the history of Sumer within his major research scope. On the basis of archival documents, the author shows that the Assyrian narrative of I. M. Dyakonoff had been generally shaped even before the war, during his work on the chapters for the multi-volume “World History”. His Assyrian narrative was formed under the influence of the “Cambridge History of Antiquity” and V. V. Struve’s lectures: in the first case, this was evident in the presentation of a large amount of material; in the second case — in the desire to search for non-obvious explanations of the essence of historical processes. Moreover, I. M. Diakonoff did not share V. V. Struve’s views on the Assyrian history and attempted to present his position. The author concludes that the shift of I. M. Diakonoff’s interests from Assyrian history to mainly the history of Sumer was inevitable and was very unlikely to have been caused by the desire to supersede academician V. V. Struve in his status of the classic of Soviet scholarship. Two main factors influenced this transition: first, the features of Soviet historical scholarship, which presupposed a search for in-depth explanations almost exclusively in the socio-economic field, and secondly, the specificity of Assyrian sources, which contained scanty information about socio-economic processes.
Republicanism on the Territory of Modern Uzbekistan
Authors:   Al-Beruni Institute of Oriental Studies of Uzbekistan, Alimdjanov Bakhtiyor A.
Published: June 2022

The article discusses the forms of republicanism that existed in the territory of Uzbekistan in different historical times and eras. The author, based on the research of historians, orientalists and memoirs of travelers, believes that the first republic emerged in the territory of Uzbekistan in the 14th century in Samarkand. The founders of the first republic were Sarbadars. The second republic — Tashkent “aristocratic” land-holding (18th century) — was founded by Yunus Khoja after a long internecine war. The Tashkent “aristocratic” republic did not last long: about 25 years. The third republic (Turkestan autonomy) was brought into being in 1917 by “bourgeois” representatives of the local elite. Turkestan autonomy lasted 72 days and was destroyed by the Bolsheviks. The fourth republic was the Uzbek SSR (1917–1991). The Uzbek SSR was considered a socialist republic. Its essence was manifested in the union of workers, intelligentsia and farmers. The fifth republic is a democratic post-Soviet Uzbekistan. The author, on the basis of the Soviet historiography, shows that during the 20th century, intellectuals tried to find forms of republicanism in the history of Uzbekistan. In the Soviet historiography of the 1940s, attempts were made to invent “republican” traditions in Soviet Central Asia. According to the author, these attempts continue to this day. The author believes that the political science of Uzbekistan does not study the problem of republicanism in Central Asia.
Insights into enhanced machine learning techniques for surface water quantity and quality prediction based on data pre-processing algorithms
Authors: Panahi Javad , Mastouri Reza , Shabanlou Saeid
Published: June 2022

Quality and quantity of streamflow are crucial components in the management and control of water resources according which are challenging due to their nonstationarity and uncertainty path. This paper presented an ensemble data pre-processing-based machine learning (ML) algorithm for the decision-support of water resource management and water pollution control at the watershed scale due to the nonlinear path of streamflow. In the proposed hybrid model, a new time–frequency analysis algorithm, variational mode decomposition (VMD), is implemented to deal with the nonlinearity and nonstationary of a streamflow process. The VMD is exploited to decompose the original water quality and quantity series into a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) with different frequencies. Therefore, an ensemble algorithm, bootstrap aggregating (bagging) algorithm is coupled with two common ML, reduced error pruning tree (REPT) and random forest (RF), to predict all the decomposed modes using VMD. Then, in order to reduce the variance among the base classifiers of the proposed ML, a bootstrap aggregation technique was recruited. Finally, the predicting value of the original water quality and quantity series is obtained by adding up the predicting results of all the decomposed modes. The proposed hybrid decomposition–ensemble model has been applied to two stations in Karoon River, Iran. Results obtained from this study indicate that the proposed hybrid decomposition–ensemble model can capture the nonlinear characteristics of a streamflow process in terms of water quality and quantity simultaneously and thus provide more accurate predicting results compared with those models without data frequency decomposing.
Analysis of the effect of ultrasonic agitation on the cleaning of root canals using different periods during the final irrigation
Authors: Felipe Xavier  , Giselle Nevares  , Diana Santana de Albuquerque  , Luciana Ferraz Gominho  , Rafaela Leal de Alcântara Dellazari  , Rodrigo Sanches Cunha  , Joedy Maria Costa Santa Rosa
Published: June 2022

The ultrasonic agitation was introduced as an adjuvant to conventional chemo-mechanical debridement during endodontic treatment to overcome the persistence of biofilms. Objective: To verify the cleaning of root canals irrigated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), with or without an ultrasonic agitation, using different time periods and images obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Material and methods: Forty mandibular incisors were cleaned, shaped and randomly divided into five groups according to the final irrigation protocol: SH10 group (ultrasonic agitation with NaOCl for 10 s), SH30 group (ultrasonic agitation with NaOCl for 30 s), SHE30 group (ultrasonic agitation with NaOCl and EDTA for 10 s), SHE90 group (ultrasonic agitation with NaOCl and EDTA for 30 s), and control group (NaOCl and EDTA without ultrasonic agitation). The teeth were prepared and analyzed by SEM at ×2000. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used with a 5% level of significance. Results: For the cervical and medial thirds, there was no statistically significant difference in cleaning among the protocols used (p > 0.05). For the cleaning of the apical third, SHE90 group demonstrated a significant difference (p < 0.05), as compared to the control and SH10 groups. Conclusion: For the final irrigation, an ultrasonic agitation with NaOCl and EDTA for 30 s allowed a better cleaning of the debris in the apical third of the root canal.
Evaluation of correlation among sleep bruxism and depression levels, chronic pain and nonspecific physical symptoms according to axis II of the Research Diagnostic Criteria/ Temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Isabela Maddalena Dias  , Ingrid Duque Maia  , Lívia Marins Ramalho de Mello  , Isabel Cristina Gonçalves Leite  , Fabíola Pessôa Pereira Leite
Published: June 2022

Sleep Bruxism (SB) is considered as a parasomnia and defined as a stereotyped movement disorder characterized by grinding (eccentric), hitting or shaking (central) of teeth while sleeping unconsciously, and classified according to their etiology in primary (idiopathic) or secondary (associated with medical or psychiatric conditions) of multifactorial etiology. Certain risk factors such as alcohol/tobacco, caffeine, use of certain medications, conditions associated with sleep, psychological factors, among others, may trigger or enhance certain oral parafunctions. Objective: The present study aimed to observe statistically the existence of a possible correlation between SB and psychological aspects studied by the Research Diagnostic Criteria/Temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD): chronic pain, depression, nonspecific physical symptoms (NSPS) including pain, NSPS excluding pain. Material and methods: 50 patients with SB and 49 patients without SB were assessed, aged between 18 and 70 years at the TMD/Orofacial Pain Clinics of the School of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora. These individuals were investigated by RDC Axis II on the severity levels of chronic pain, depression, nonspecific physical symptoms (NSPS) including pain, NSPS excluding pain, to verify the correlation of these variables with the SB. Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between BS and chronic pain severity (p = 0.001), and SB and NSPS including pain (p = 0.026), and SB and NSPS excluding pain (p = 0.018). There was no significant correlation between SB and depression. Regarding the severity of chronic pain, there was a higher prevalence of grade 2 (79.60%) in patients with BS and grade 1 (52%) in the patients without SB. According to the other assessed levels, a greater severity of psychological aspects evaluated by RDC/TMD were seen in patients with BS and more normal levels in patients without SB. Conclusion: Levels of chronic pain severity, nonspecific physical symptoms with or without pain (somatization) appeared as aspects involved in sleep bruxism. These findings emphasize the importance of an accurate assessment of the parafunction etiology for each case, which often requires a multidisciplinary approach.
Access and use of secondary dental care of a large city of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Caroline Schirmer  , Alex Elias Lamas  , Daniel Demétrio Faustino-Silva
Published: June 2022

The Brazilian Dental Specialty Centers (CEOs) were created due to a limitation of Brazilian public dental care. In 2004, the specialized services corresponded to no more than 3.5% of total dental clinical procedures. These services are a reference for oral health teams in primary care in order to perform additional procedures at this level of attention. Despite the expansion of specialized procedures, the resolution of these services is subject to discussion between managers and researchers. Objective: To evaluate the access and use of the secondary dental care of a large city. Material and methods: The descriptive retrospective longitudinal study was conducted using CEO primary data from November 2012 to July 2013. These data were obtained from the Technical Department of Oral Health and the coordination of services were analyzed and then compared to the guidelines of Ordinance no. #1.464/MS. Results: The performance of services was low, ranging from 47.2 to 60.6% of the overall fulfillment of goals, in average. By analyzing per subgroup, endodontics was the subgroup with lower fulfillment (33.2%) and periodontics was that with the most fulfillment (88.3%). Absenteeism on the first appointments, the average per service ranged between 29.4 and 44.2%, and periodontics was the most affected subgroup (51%). The percentage of finished treatment ranged from 52.9 to 66.4%, and stomatology was the subgroup with less number of finished treatments (19.2%). Conclusion: The study revealed low utilization of the evaluated services associated with high absenteeism. Further studies and management initiatives are necessary to find ways to optimize secondary dental care integration to primary care services.
Intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the mandible – a rare case report
Authors: Shailaja Sankireddy  , Atul Kaushik  , Vinod Vijaychander  , Asha Latha gannepalli  , Bhargavi Krishna Ayinampudi  , Sridevi Koduri
Published: June 2022

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common salivary gland malignancy. The majority of these tumors arises in the parotid and minor salivary glands but may rarely develop intraosseously. Primary intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma (PIOC) of the jaw bones is an extremely rare malignant salivary gland tumor. Very few cases have been reported in the literature to date. Case report: The current manuscript highlights clinical and radiographic features of a rare case of PIOC in a 32 year old Indian female patient. Conclusion: All the dental practitioners should be aware of the protean features of central MEC. These lesions should be included in the differential diagnosis of unilocular and multilocular radiolucent lesions of the jaws. An early and accurate diagnosis is important so that the neoplastic transformation must be identified and treated effectively.
Indications and restorative techniques for glass ionomer cement
Authors: Fabio Antonio Piola Rizzante  , Rafael Schlögel Cunali  , Juliana Fraga Soares Bombonatti  , Gisele Maria Correr  , Carla Castiglia Gonzaga  , Adilson Yoshio Furuse
Published: June 2022

Due to its chemical, mechanical and biological properties, the glass ionomer cements (GIC) consist in one of the most versatile direct restorative materials, with many potential clinical indications, especially in the context of minimally invasive dentistry. Nevertheless, they have some limitations and require the knowledge of their characteristics and procedures of application in order to achieve their maximum potential. Objective: To demonstrate through literature review the main characteristics, indications, limitations and future perspectives for the use of GIC. Literature review: The database, such as Pubmed and Lilacs were used. Additionally, books were also evaluated and included. Conclusion: The GIC is in constant evolution and is one of the materials that are best suited in the context of preventive and conservative dentistry. It has satisfactory properties and versatility. On the other hand, presents inferior properties when compared to other direct restorative materials, requiring caution during its handling.
Profile of articles addressed to dental pulp revascularization in PubMed database
Authors: Renata Grazziotin-Soares  , Gabriela Bess Ferraz Blattes  , Matheus Neves
Published: June 2022

The study aimed to explore the profile of articles published on pulp revascularization by a bibliometric analysis. Material and methods: A search was conducted on the PubMed database and studies were independently categorized according to: (i) year of publication; (ii) country where the study was conducted; (iii) study design; (iv) main topic addressed; (v) main conclusion of the article; and (vi) clinical application/other results. Findings were reported descriptively. There was not restriction regarding to initial date and the established final date was December 2014. Results: 133 studies were found; but only 86 articles were included. The most of them was published recently (23.2% in 2014) and were conducted in 24 different countries. The most frequent study design was case report (37.2%), followed by narrative reviews (16.2%). The main topic addressed was the radiographic outcomes (38.3%) and tissue engineering (19.7%). Some of the articles point the clinical application of their results. Conclusion: Most of the publications highlight that the disinfection of the root canal (and the stimulation of residual stem cells) would induce formation of new hard tissue on the dentin wall and continue root development in length, improving the tooth survival. The number of publications on pulp revascularization has increased recently, but the majority of articles published are studies with low levels of evidence.
Frequency of temporomandibular disorder diagnosis: a study on 102 patients undergoing dental treatment
Authors: Larissa de Oliveira Reis  , Isabela Maddalena Dias  , Josemar Parreira Guimarães
Published: June 2022

Epidemiological studies show that the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is high, ranging from 9.8 to 74%, it is important that the diagnosis be made as early as possible to avoid future clinical failure. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of TMD in patients attended at the School of Dentistry of Federal University of Juiz de Fora (FO / UFJF), associated with age, gender and clinical group. Material and methods: 102 patients of both sexes were selected during treatment at FO / UFJF in Periodontics I and II, Partial Denture (RPD), Total Denture (TD), Secondary Care Clinic I and II disciplines, aged above 18 years-old. Patients were submitted to axis I of the RDC / TMD. Results: Of the total sample, 53.9% had a diagnosis of TMD. Of these, 67.3% were female and 52.7% were between 41-60 years. The most prevalent diagnosis of TMD was disc displacement with reduction corresponding to 18.6% of the population. RPD and TD clinics were, in this order, those who had more patients with diagnoses of TMD, respectively, 27.3% and 25.5% of the sample with TMD. Conclusion: A considerable proportion of patients had at least one sign or symptom of TMD. The evaluated sample shows how relevant is the evaluation of the masticatory apparatus as a whole, where teeth, muscles and temporomandibular joints, are viewed with the same level functional importance, regardless of which treatment the patient will receive.
Investigation of medicines with potential xerostomic effect used in institutionalized elderly
Authors: Maria Juliana Mendes Carvalho Chaves  , Sandro Dias Rocha Mendes Carneiro  , Arlandia Cristina Lima Nobre  , Maria Maruza Carvalho Chaves  , Fábio de Almeida Gomes  , Danilo Lopes Ferreira Lima
Published: June 2022

Several factors affect the salivary flow and cause xerostomia, i.e. aging, diets, radiation, various pathologies and the use of drugs. Objective: This study aimed to investigate drugs with potential xerostomic effect in institutionalized elderly patients.Material and methods: 235 elderly were investigated, of both sexes, of which 123 were women (52.3%) and 112 (47.7%) were men. In addition to the gender and age, the use of medications containing side effects of xerostomia/dry mouth/ hyposalivation or hyposialia was investigated. Such drugs were separated according to their medical area of expertise: Cardiology, Gastroenterology, Allergy, Neurology and pulmonology Results: When investigated the amount of drugs used for female patients, it was observed that 83 (67.5%) used up to five drugs, 35 (28.4%) between 6 and 10 and medicines, and 5 (4.1%) more than 10 drugs. When analyzed the amount of drugs used for male patients, it was observed that 88(78.6%) used up to five drugs, 17 (15.2%) were between 6 and 10 7 medicines, and (6.2%) more than 10 drugs. By analyzing the drugs with xerostomic potential, we found 354 medicines. Among these, 181 (51.1%) were used in Neurology, 45 (12.7%) had been prescribed in Cardiology, 33 (9.2%) were used drugs for allergic conditions, 80 (22.3%) were prescribed in gastroenterology and 15 (4.3%) in pulmonology. Conclusion: It can be concluded that many medications used to treat institutionalized elderly had xerostomic potential effect, notably those used in Neurology. Polypharmacy is also present, especially in the older age group.
Nitrous oxide for dental treatment in patients with infantile autism: a literature review
Authors: Marta Eloiza Zanelli  , Luiz Evaristo Ricci Volpato  , Adriana Lira Ortega  , Álvaro Henrique Borges  , Andreza Maria Fábio Aranha
Published: June 2022

Childhood autism is a neurodevelopment disorder with characteristic symptoms, e.g.: impairments in social interaction and communication, restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. The dental care of these individuals is challenging because of the difficulty in social relationship presented, so that the use of auxiliary pharmacological means, as the use of conscious sedation with nitrous oxide and oxygen is indicated in managing the behavior of the patient with infantile autism. Objective: To perform comprehensive literature review on the use of conscious sedation with nitrous oxide as an adjunct in the behavior of the patient with infantile autism. Literature review: The following descriptors were used: autistic disorder, conscious sedation and nitrous oxide in national and international databases at the period from 2006-2014. Conclusion: The conscious sedation with nitrous oxide and oxygen, as an auxiliary method in the behavior management of children with autism is a secure and effective option, through previous evaluation of the individual, in order to achieve the expected results.
Influence of bisphosphonates on Implantology – literature review
Authors: Bárbara Botolli do Nascimento  , Claudia Aline Pimenta  , Celso Yamashita  , João Cesar Zielak  , Tatiana Miranda Deliberador  , Rafaela Scariot
Published: June 2022

Oral rehabilitation with dental implants becomes limited in patients who make use of sodium bisphosphonate (BF), because this drug inhibits osteoclast activity and thus osteoblastic, fundamental steps to implant osseointegration. Furthermore, this drug can cause osteonecrosis of the jaw (OJ). The dentist has to fully know about this drug and its side effects, to differentiate it from other changes. Objective: This study aimed to review the literature on the influence of bisphosphonates on implant and to evaluate the possible complications resulting from prolonged use, providing subsidies to the dentist to prevent and recognize the patient with osteonecrosis of the jaws Literature review: The BPs are a class of drugs used for the treatment of bone diseases such as osteoporosis, because their mechanism of action inhibits the function of osteoclast. However, these drugs may cause some side effects known as the OJ. Patients undergoing intravenous therapy are more likely to develop these changes than those undergoing oral therapy. OJ is characterized by painful symptoms, leaving the exposed bone in the oral cavity. There are several treatment strategies according to the clinical stage that the patient presents. Conclusion: The installation of dental implants in patients who make use of BPs presents risks, since this drug can cause OJ.
Effect of the use of different periodontal curettes on the topography and roughness of root surface
Authors: Matheus André Müller  , Emanuelle Cunha  , Rafaela Scariot  , João Cesar Zielak  , Felipe Rychuv Santos  , Tatiana Miranda Deliberador  , Carmen Lucia Mueller Storrer
Published: June 2022

Periodontal scaling is the treatment approach most used to remove dental calculus, plaque, and altered cementum from root surface. During root decontamination, the instruments used leave the root rougher and more irregular. Objective: To verify the root surface after mechanical scaling with different Gracey curettes steel through SEM and superficial roughness analyses. Material and methods: Twelve teeth were embedded in acrylic resin. The teeth were instrumented with new Gracey curettes Gracey 5/6 from different brands. The groups (n=2) were divided into: control, no instrumentation (GC); carbon steel (CSN); stainless steel Neumar (SSN); stainless steel Millenium (SSM); premium steel Neumar (PSN); Hu-Friedy (HF). An area measuring 3 x 3 mm2 was marked on the distal surface of the root to guide the Reading of the root topography on SEM and rugosimeter. The data were analyzed by a single examiner previously calibrated. SEM analysis was based on scores of the root surface smoothness after scaling. We analyzed the parameters of mean roughness (Ra) and mean roughness deepness (Rz). SEM data were submitted to statistical analysis through Fisher’s exact test (p < 0.002) and roughness data by Anova followed by Student t test. Results: The quality of the active surface of the curette demonstrated by SEM and roughness analyses that it can exert difference in the result regarding to the homogeneity produced after the scaling of root surface. Group SSM demonstrated a homogenous root surface (score 0) in SEM and better smoothness in rugosimeter analysis. Conclusion: According to com the methodology used, the group of curettes that provided better smoothness of root surface after scaling was SSM.
Green is the New Black: Emerging Environmentally Friendly Prospects in
the Synthesis of Quinoxaline Derivatives
Authors: Phongphane Lacksany , Azmi Mohamad Nurul
Published: June 2022

Functionalized polysubstituted quinoxalines have been widely reported to possess appealing biological activities of great pharmaceutical importance which drew researchers into exploring promising synthetical protocols. On top of that, prospects on green chemistry are driving research paradigms into more cost-effective, facile, environmental-friendly, sustainable, and scalable approaches. This paper reviews the green synthesis methods of quinoxaline derivatives using recyclable heterogeneous catalysts, green solvents and energy-mediated methods that have been extensively studied and published since 2010 to offer an insight into the ongoing greener trend in the scientific field.
Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Physical Activity Level in Adolescents
During the Lockdown in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional
Study in Greek Island of Rhodes
Authors: Chatzinikola Charistoula , Papavasileiou Vasileios , Koutelidakis Antonios
Published: June 2022

Background:

Nutrition is involved in various ways in the 17 distinct SDGs of United Nations Agenda 2030. The COVID-19 pandemic is testing the world threatening health, nutrition, education, and social protection.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to assess the adolescents’ adherence to the Mediterranean diet that attended senior high school in the Greek city of Rhodes during the lockdown period.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional, observational study the sample of the research was 227 students aged 11-15 years old, that self-reported their weight and height and completed validated questionnaires for their nutritional attitudes.

Results:

The percentages of students who were overweight/obese were 22.5% of the total sample (17.2% overweight and 5.3% obese) according to the IOTF (International Obesity Taskforce) cutoffs and 30.4% (21.6% overweight and 8.8% obese) according to the WHO (World Health Organization) cutoffs. The average KIDMED score of the sample was medium (6.00) and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet of the sample needs improvement.

Conclusion:

Results support a shift from traditional Mediterranean diet to more unhealthy eating patterns. Adolescents' limited physical activity mainly on weekdays was reported, and further research could examine the role of distant education for this behavior. Policies and strategies targeting the students’ population are essential for adolescents’ nutrition education and the improvement of their dietary habits toward the sustainable Mediterranean diet, during the specific circumstances of covid pandemic.
Recent Advancements in Multimodal Medical Image Fusion Techniques
for Better Diagnosis: An Overview
Authors: Guruviah Velmathi , Haribabu Maruturi , Yogarajah Pratheepan
Published: June 2022

Medical imaging plays a vital role in medical diagnosis and clinical treatment. The biggest
challenge in the medical field is the correct identification of disease and better treatment. Multi-modal
Medical Image Fusion (MMIF) is the process of merging multiple medical images from different modalities
into a single fused image. The main objective of the medical image fusion is to obtain a large
amount of appropriate information (i.e., features) to improve the quality and make it more informative
for increasing clinical therapy for better diagnosis and clear assessment of medical-related problems.
The MMIF is generally considered with MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), CT (Computed Tomography),
PET (Positron Emission Tomography), SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography),
MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography), T1-weighted MR, T2-weighted MR, X-ray, and ultrasound
imaging (Vibro-Acoustography). This review article presents a comprehensive survey of existing
medical image fusion methods and has been characterized into six parts: (1) Multi-modality
medical images, (2) Literature review process, (3) Image fusion rules, (4) Quality evaluation metrics
for assessment of fused image, (5) Experimental results on registered datasets and (6) Conclusion. In
addition, this review article provides scientific challenges faced in MMIF and future directions for
better diagnosis. It is expected that this review will be useful in establishing a concrete foundation for
developing more valuable fusion methods for medical diagnosis.
Extraction and Purification of Bioactive Peptide with Antimicrobial
Properties from Horseshoe Crab
Authors: Oli Ajay Kumar , Shivshetty Nagaveni , Javaregowda Palaksha Kanive , Revanna Kelmani Chandrakanth
Published: June 2022

Peptides are small biomolecules that act as bioactive or host defense molecules. These
peptides have a significant role in medicine because of their broad spectrum antimicrobial properties. Marine sources are the largest supply of peptides and natural small molecules since they represent half of the total global biodiversity. Among the different crab species, the horseshoe crab is
widely used for extracting the peptides. The horseshoe crab is a marine and brackish water arthropod; it plays a crucial role in the reel and whelk fishing industry and the production of important
pharmaceutical bioactive components. This review highlights the details of the extraction and purification of antimicrobial peptides from the horseshoe crab. These peptides represent trends and
opportunities for the future, with a focus on the pharmaceutical industries.
Extraction of Trace Quantities of Copper Using Novel Modified Magnetite
Nanoparticles for Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Analysis
Authors: Pourbasheer Eslam , Morsali Somayeh , Ansari Samira , Mirtamizdoust Babak , Vojoudi Hossein , Ganjali Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2022

Background:

Copper is one of several heavy metals. A low concentration of copper is vital for
animals and plants, whereas it is highly toxic to aquatic plants and bacteria in a high concentration. Therefore,
copper ions in water and food must be controlled, and as a result, the development of novel methods
for the determination of copper in water samples is of interest.

Objective:

Different techniques have been proposed for copper ions extraction and determination. The
magnetic solid-phase extraction method is considered superior to the other method for simplicity, its
higher enrichment, and the need for lower quantities of solvents. The novel modified magnetite nanoparticles
as the sorbent, along with the atomic absorption spectrometry analysis, can be a low-cost, simple
and rapid method for this propose.

Methods:

Traces of Cu(II) in environmental samples were preconcentrated using a novel magnetic adsorbent
developed based on 2,2´-((1E,1´E)-hydrazine-1,2-diylidenebis(methanylylidene)) diphenol coated
magnetite nanoparticles. The influence of ligand concentration, amount of adsorbent, pH, type of eluent,
sample volume, and effects of interfering ions were optimized. The adsorbed species were eluted for
analysis through atomic absorption spectrometry.

Results:

A linear calibration curve was recorded from 2 to 40 μg ml-1 (r2= 0.999) under optimal conditions,
and the detection limit of the method was as low as 1.6 μg ml-1. Also, good recoveries were obtained
for the real sample analysis.

Conclusion:

The developed procedure constituted a rapid extraction, a low-cost and efficient method, and
was used for the analysis of copper ions in the tap, river, and lake water.
Unmasking of Metamizole-induced Liver Injury by Simult aneous
Development of Characteristic Agranulocytosis
Authors: Lutz Mathias , Grünewald Inga , Lenze Frank , Heinzow Hauke , Ullerich Hansjörg , Kabar Iyad , Schmidt Hartmut H. , Tepasse Phil-Robin
Published: June 2022

Background:

Metamizole is one of the most used analgesic, antipyretic, and spasmolytic
agents in many countries worldwide. While metamizole-induced agranulocytosis is an, albeit
seldom, well-known adverse event, metamizole-associated drug-induced liver injury has been reported
rarely in the literature and hence often remains unconsidered. Here, we present a unique
case where metamizole-induced hepatotoxicity got unmasked by the simultaneous development of
characteristic agranulocytosis.

Case Report:

A 22-year-old woman without known conditions presented with a new onset of fever,
jaundice, and maculopapular rash and explicitly denied intake of any new substances. Laboratory
tests showed liver injury, granulopenia, and positive anti-nuclear and anti-mitochondrial
(AMA-M2) antibodies. Liver biopsy revealed a histological pattern characteristic of drug-induced
liver injury and bone marrow biopsy, the classical picture of metamizole-induced agranulocytosis.
Indeed the in-depth interview of the patient unveiled metamizole consumption over the last two
months. Therefore, we could diagnose metamizole-induced hepato- and myelotoxicity. Accordingly,
steroid therapy led to normalization of liver parameters and stimulation with granulocyte colony-
stimulating factor to leukocyte recovery.

Conclusion:

This case report is intended to increase the awareness of metamizole-associated druginduced
liver injury which should always be kept in mind due to its occasionally life-threatening
course. Diagnosis can be difficult particularly if anamnesis and written records are without hints
for prior metamizole intake.
Evaluation of the Acute and Subacute Toxicity of Aqueous Extract of Coriandrum
sativum L. Seeds in Wistar Rats
Authors: S’hih Youssef , Hinad Ibrahim , Gui Radia El , Elhessni Aboubaker , Mesfioui Abdelhalim , Loukili Abdechahid , Ouahidi Moulay Laarbi
Published: June 2022

Background:

In traditional herbal medicine, the Coriandrum sativum (CS) seeds are widely used to prevent and/or treat several diseases. Despite this, research into studying its toxicity is very limited.

Objective:

This study aims at studying the acute and subacute toxicity of aqueous extract of coriander seeds (AECS) in Wistar rats.

Methods:

For acute toxicity, five dose levels (500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 5000mgkg-1bw) are tested per single oral administration. Subacute toxicity for 28 days is achieved by daily oral administration of AECS at doses of 1000, 2000, and 3000mgkg-1bw.

Results:

No deaths or signs were recorded or observed in rats in the five groups and the control
group was after 14 days of acute toxicity study. The results of subacute toxicity revealed that the
administration of AECS caused a significant difference in the body weight of rats at doses of 2000
and 3000mgkg-1
bw, and in the development of movement disturbances, hypoactivity, drowsiness,
weakness, and diarrhea, while histopathological examination showed vascular congestion and inflammation
of the kidneys as well as hepatic necrosis. The haematological profile showed a significant
increase in the number of red and white blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, and a nonsignificant
decrease is noticed in neutrophils at a dose of 3000 mgkg-1
bw.

Conclusion:

AECS should be used with caution as it has caused some signs of toxicity and may affect the liver and kidneys if doses are repeated. However, further studies are needed to verify and clarify the toxic aspect of Coriandrum Sativum L. seeds.
Divulging Incipient SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) Variant: Possible
Interference with Global Scenario
Authors: Mukherjee Sukhes , Ray Suman Kumar
Published: June 2022

SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, also known as lineage B.1.617.2, is a variant of lineage B.1.617
of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The B.1.617.2 variant was first discovered in India
in December 2020, and by mid-April 2021, it had become the most often reported variant. On May 31,
2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) designated it as the Delta variation. Delta is 40-60%
more transmissible than Alpha and nearly twice as transmissible as the original Wuhan strain of SARSCoV-
2, according to data. According to some evidence, the Delta variation may cause more severe
illness in unprotected people than prior variants. A rapid increase in instances of this variation has been
observed in the United Kingdom, which has been linked to travel from India and community transmission.
WHO reports that the Delta version of COVID-19 has already been found in different countries
throughout the world. According to the available information, the Delta variant appears to increase
transmissibility, secondary attack rate, hospitalization risk, and immune escape. Due to the lack of
data, the possible effects of the Delta variation on vaccination and treatment effectiveness remain unknown.
However, neutralization efficiency in vaccinated people and resistance to monoclonal antibody
therapy of the Delta variant have been documented in recent investigations.
Reducing Proteoglycan Synthesis and NOX Activity by ROCK Inhibitors:
Therapeutic Targets in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Babaahmadi-Rezaei Hossein , Rezaei Maryam , Ghaderi-Zefrehi Hossein , Azizi Masoumeh , Beheshti-Nasab Hasti , Mehta Jawahar Lal
Published: June 2022

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries characterized by the
accumulation of inflammatory cells in the arterial wall. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and
hyperglycemia are major risk factors of atherosclerosis. Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), a
serine/threonine kinase, is a downstream effector of the small GTPase RhoA. ROCK is involved in
different stages of atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that ROCK signaling
plays vital roles in various cellular functions, such as contraction, migration, and proliferation of
smooth muscle cells. Dysregulation of the ROCK pathway is associated with atherosclerosis and
hypertension. Experimental studies have shown that ROCK inhibitors may have favorable effects in
ameliorating atherosclerosis. ROCK signaling has a role in proteoglycan synthesis through
transactivation of the TGF-β receptor Type I (TβRI) mediated by G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)
agonists (endothelin-1, angiotensin II and …), and ROCK inhibitors could decrease proteoglycan
synthesis and atherosclerotic plaque formation. Based on the hypothesis that targeting ROCK
pathway may be effective in ameliorating atherosclerosis, we suggest that ROCK inhibitors may have
a potential therapeutic role in inhibition or slowing atherogenesis. However, for this hypothesis more
research is needed.
Linezolid Intoxication with Extreme Lactate Blood Levels Successfully
Treated with Dialytic Treatment in ICU: A Case Report
Authors: Schiavoni Lorenzo , Mattei Alessia , Pascarella Giuseppe , Strumia Alessandro , Nenna Antonio , Chello Massimo , Agrò Felice E.
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

Lactic acidosis is a rare but life-threatening complication associated with pro-longed linezolid therapy. No specific treatment is suggested, except for antibiotic therapy interruption.

Case Report:

A 70-years-old woman faced severe linezolid intoxication after antibiotics therapy initi-ation for infection of a surgical sternal wound. The patient suffered from a severe increment of blood lactate and thrombocytopenia. She was admitted to ICU twice, and due to dialytic treatment, linezolid and lactate serum levels came back to normality.

Conclusion:

More studies should be conducted to evaluate the human tissue storage sites of linezolid and the influence of various factors on its clearance and plasma concentrations in critically ill patients.