bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Neural Network in Creating Modeling of System
Authors: Zhu Yu Hua , Zhuang Dian Zheng
Published: December 2013

This article introduced a mathematical model consist in data of system in Bp neural network. An artificial neural network modeling is constituted to use MATLAB neural network toolbox function .The method has been applied in nitric acid process of some plant, and proved to be highly effective.
A Novel Knowledge Diffusion Efficiency Prediction Arithmetic in Equipment Manufacturing Industry Based on Simulated Annealing Arithmetic
Authors: Chen Xu Sheng , Yue Wen Jun , Wang Hong Qi
Published: December 2013

A novel knowledge diffusion efficiency prediction arithmetic in equipment manufacturing industry in China was proposed, Radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) was designed, and simulated annealing arithmetic was adopted to adjust the network weights. MATLAB program was compiled; experiments on related data have been done employing the program. All experiments have shown that the arithmetic can efficiently approach the precision with 10-4 error, also the learning speed is quick and predictions are ideal. Trainings have been done with other networks in comparison. Back-propagation learning algorithm network does not converge until 2000 iterative procedure, and exactness design RBFNN is time-consuming and has big error. The arithmetic can approach nonlinear function by arbitrary precision, and also keep the network from getting into partial minimum.
An Optimal Control Strategy of Energy Storage System for Wind Farms
Authors: Cheng Shi Jun , Zhang Li Zi
Published: December 2013

This paper presents the performance indicators that characterize battery energy storage system (ESS) operating conditions. The fuzzy adaptive control is introduced into the optimal control of wind farm energy storage system. It does not only restrain wind power fluctuations and improve the stability of wind power output, but also optimizes the charge/discharge process of ESS, and avoids occurrence of over-charge/discharge of the ESS. Whats more, it achieves the purpose for prolonging the service life of the ESS. Then simulations have been made on the conditions of with or without the fuzzy adaptive control system, and the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are showed by the simulation results.
Research on Networked Control Systems Based on Adaptive Predictive Control
Authors: Chen Zai Ping , Wang Xue
Published: December 2013

According to the random time-delay exist in sensor-controller channel and controller-actuator channel in networked control systems, an adaptive predictive control strategy was proposed. In this control strategy, an improved generalized predictive control algorithm is adopted to compensate the networked random time-delay. In addition, using the recursive least squares with a variable forgetting factor algorithm to indentify the model parameters of controlled object on-line, through the way, it could adjust the systems with unknown parameters adaptively. Simulation results show that the adaptive predictive control proposed could solve random time-delay of networked control systems effectively.
The Rough Set Research on Public Buildings Heating Control
Authors: Wang Wen Biao , Hao Yuan , Wang Si Yuan , Yin Bing Yu
Published: December 2013

In winter heating control of many north public buildings are not reasonable, resulted in the energy waste in heating and anti-freezing period of time. According to the mechanism taking control of quantitative heating based on temperature difference, and using the Rough Set to analyze the control rules reduction which refines four methods to take Pang-pang control, realize comfort in heating time, security in anti-freezing time and improvement in economy benefit.
A Cloud-Based Real-Time Mobile Collaboration Wiki System
Authors: Wang Wei Hong , Hao Yan Mei , Cao Yu Hui , Li Liang
Published: December 2013

Wiki system is an important application using Wiki technology for knowledge sharing on internet nowadays. Existing Wikipedia system have been developed with distributed collaboration ability, which most of them cant support mobile and real-time collaboration. In this paper, a novel real-time mobile collaboration WiKi system based on cloud was presented. At first, the real-time request of user group in cloud-based mobile collaboration WiKi system was discussed, and group pattern for mobile collaboration Wiki system (GPMCW) was constructed in mobile cloud environment. After that, the multiple layered Web architecture oriented mobile cloud environment was proposed. Then, the instance of cloud-based real-time mobile collaboration WiKi system (RMCWS) was given. To demonstrate the feasibility of system, a prototype system named mobile group collaboration supporting platform (MGCSP) has been constructed based on it. Practice shows that RMCWS is robust and efficient for supporting real-time mobile group collaboration, and has a good ability to idea-sharing and knowledge communication for the people.
Physical Layer Security of D2D Communications Underlaying Cellular Networks
Authors: Wang Jia Jia , Li Cheng Mei , Wu Jian Jun
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we propose a novel resource allocation criterion based on physical layer security, which means choosing the proper subcarrier to ensure the device to device (D2D) security capacity maximum based on guaranteeing the cellular users basic capacity. We analyze the relationship between D2D security capacity and D2D power. We also prove that the strategies based on the D2D secrecy rate maximum and cellular sum rate maximum are the same when the transmit SNR of BS is high enough. Through the numerical calculation and simulation analysis, we show that the resource allocation criterion proposed in this paper is valid and rational.
Design of Wireless Microwave Transmission System
Authors: Huang Bin Wen , Jiao Yuan
Published: December 2013

As a high-frequency and broadband wireless transmission system [, wireless microwave transmission system plays an important role in wireless communication family, especially in newest WiMax and 4G technology. Wireless microwave transmission system can be separated by indoor unit (IDU) and outdoor unit (ODU). This paper is focused on the design of IDU and ODU.
Query Optimization of Distributed RDF Data Based on MapReduce
Authors: Zhang Yan Qin , Wang Jing Bin
Published: December 2013

As the development of the semantic web, RDF data set has grown rapidly, thus causing the query problem of massive RDF. Using distributed technique to complete the SPARQL (Simple Protocol and RDF Query Language) Query is a new way of solving the large amounts of RDF query problem. At present, most of the RDF query strategies based on Hadoop have to use multiple MapReduce jobs to complete the task, resulting in waste of time. In order to overcome this drawback, MRQJ (using MapReduce to query and join) algorithm is proposed in the paper, which firstly uses a greedy strategy to generate join plan, then only one MapReduce job should be created to get the query results in SPARQL query execution. Finally, a contrast experiment on the LUBM (Lehigh University Benchmark) test data set is conducted, the results of which show that MRQJ method has a great advantage in the case that the query is more complicated.
Constructing an University Scientific Research Management Information System of NET Platform
Authors: Xie Jian Hua , Xiao Jian Hua
Published: December 2013

Researching the design process of scientific research management information system of Jiangmen polytechnic. According to the characteristics of the scientific research management in colleges and universities, the system is developing by using the B/S application model and the advanced .NET framework. The system consists of teachers management module, faculty-level management module, and library management module, scientific research department management module, system management module and public management module. Aim at the application maintenance and security, the system uses three-tier architecture, authorize to the management mechanism, data encryption and software separation and other security measures. The system has realized the classification audit of scientific research information and the dynamic management of the research integral reports. The using results show that the system is not only stable, but also easy to operate, and it also greatly improves the accuracy and efficiency of the scientific research management.
Analysis of Residual Wavelet Scalogram for Machinery Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Hee Lim Meng , Leong M. Salman , Hui K.H.
Published: December 2013

Wavelet analysis is a very useful tool for machinery faults diagnosis. However, actual application of wavelet analysis for machinery fault diagnosis in the field is still relatively rare. This is partly due to the fact that visual interpretation of wavelet results is often difficult and very challenging. This paper investigates an effective method to present wavelet analysis results in order to simplify the interpretation of wavelet analysis result for machinery faults diagnosis. Analysis of residual wavelet scalogram was proposed in this study as a mean to display and extract key faults signatures from raw sensor signals. Simulated signals were generated to test the feasibility of the proposed method. Test results showed that the proposed wavelet method provides a simple and more effective way to diagnose machinery faults.
The Need of End-of-Life Vehicles Management System in Malaysia
Authors: Mamat Tengku Nur Azila Raja , Saman Muhamad Zameri Mat , Sharif Safian
Published: December 2013

This paper presents rationality behind the establishment of an ELVs management system in Malaysia, in relation with the development of automotive industry in this country. Upon reviews on latest publications, there are currently three conditions of ELVs treated in Malaysia which are used on road, left abandoned and dumped at landfill. These improper treatment and management of ELVs certainly will give negative effects to the country, which are explained in environment, economic and social aspects. Subsequently, a survey will be conducted to obtain estimated percentage of each ELV condition, and the survey results will be the basis towards establishing an ELVs management system in Malaysia.
Assessment of Human Factor Performance Using Bayesian Inference and Inherent Safety
Authors: Wahab Nor Diana A. , Rusli Risza , Mohd Shariff Azmi , Buang Azizul , Wahab N. A.
Published: December 2013

Simply attributing incidents to human error is not adequate; human factors aspects should be investigated such that lessons are learnt and the true root causes are established in order to prevent recurrence. Whilst many petroleum and allied industry businesses have investigated and analyzed incidents – whether with major hazards or occupational injuries potential – human factors aspects are rarely addressed sufficiently. Therefore, this paper presents a hybrid methodology that combines a conventional Swiss Cheese model with Bayesian inference to predict the failure probability of human factors. An inherent safety concept associated with human factor is proposed and utilized as preventive measures to overcome the identified root causes. This approach is then applied to offshore safety assessment study. As a result, the failure probability of human factor can be monitored with time and the best preventive measure can be prioritized once human performance is degraded. It is proven that the approach has the ability to act as predictive tool that provides early warnings toward human deficiency. A preventive measure can then be taken to enhance the overall human performance and ultimately to reduce the likelihood of major incidents.
Estimation of Charge Mass for High Speed Forming of Circular Plates Using Energy Method
Authors: Alipour Roozbeh , Izman Sudin , Tamin Mohd Nasir
Published: December 2013

In this paper the explosive mass for forming a circular plate to a cone is determined using the energy method. To achieve this goal, the strain energy which is necessary to form a circular plate to a cone is calculated at first. Later the transmitted energy due to the detonation of an explosive material which is placed in a constant stand-off distance to a circular plate is specified. Equaling the strain energy and the transmitted energy, the explosive mass is figured out. Comparing the obtained results with the experiments shows the relatively acceptable compatibility.
Sustainability Assessment Methodology for Concrete Manufacturing Process: A Fuzzy Inference System Approach
Authors: Rezvan Pouyan , Azadnia Amir Hossein , Noordin Mohd Yusof , Seyedi Seyed Navid
Published: December 2013

Sustainability assessment of concrete manufacturing processes has recently received great attention among scholars and practitioners. While most of the studies on sustainability assessment of concrete manufacturing processes focus on economic and environmental issues, those which consider all three dimensions of sustainability (social, economic, and environmental) simultaneously are rather limited. In this study, a hybrid approach of fuzzy inference system and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is proposed in order to evaluate the sustainability level of concrete manufacturing processes based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) principals. AHP is applied to weight the selected sustainability elements and sub elements. Afterward, fuzzy inference system is used to evaluate the sustainability level of concrete manufacturing processes. The practicality and applicability of the proposed approach are examined by conducting sustainability assessments of four different concrete manufacturing processes: (1) 100% of Portland cement (2) 35 % slag cement and 65% Portland cement (3) 50% slag cement and 50% Portland cement (4) 20% fly ash and 80% Portland cement. The results disclose the more sustainable concrete manufacturing process which is 50 % of Slag cement and 50% Portland cement.
Application of Mahalanobis-Taguchi System on Crankshaft as Remanufacturing Automotive Part: A Case Study
Authors: Abu Mohd Yazid , Jamaludin Khairur Rijal
Published: December 2013

While the concept of remanufacturing, especially on automotive parts is gaining in popularity, in practice the remanufacturing industry in Malaysia is still in its nascent stage, with approximately 32 fields in various industries claiming to be involved in the process. The Mahalanobis-Taguchi System (MTS) is a diagnostic method employing Mahalanobis Distance (MD) for recognizing different patterns in multivariate data. The aim of this work is to apply T method-3, which is one of the sub-methods under the MTS relating to the main journal diameter of the crankshaft. The method distinguishes between two distinct ranges of acceptable remanufacturing and non-remanufacturing processes. Furthermore, the method also categorizes various patterns of crankshaft based on their MD in unit space. The case study is performed in an automotive industry in Malaysia under a contract remanufacturing environment. The outcome of this work is expected to be the enhancement of the robustness of the remanufacturing system on pattern recognition to the company under study. As a result, the company is expected to save more time and energy in coming with faster decision-making. In addition, the study would provide greater inspiration, especially among researchers in aggressively applying MTS applications to a wider variety of industry sectors especially in the remanufacturing area.
Effect of High Strain-Rate Thermomechanical Processing on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al Alloy
Authors: Skubisz Piotr , Packo Marek , Mordalska Katarzyna , Skowronek Tadeusz
Published: December 2013

Results of beta forging of titanium alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al and subsequent thermal treatment are presented, with analysis of the effect of the processing route on the final mechanical properties, correlated with microstructure of thermomechanically processed material. Investigation of response to high strain-rate hot-forging of microstructure and mechanical properties is focused on the effect of the strengthening mechanisms in the material after two common manners of deformation typical of that alloy. The effect of deformation conditions on final microstructure and mechanical properties was analyzed in three crucial stages of thermomechanical processing, e.i. after deformation, quenching and aging. In result, conclusions were formulated as for processing conditions promoting high strength and/or ductility.
A Tomography System Based on Optical and Electrodynamic Sensors
Authors: Ibrahim Salehuddin , Ruhi Nurfaizah Md , Yunus Mohd Amri Md , Ghanem Belal , Faramarzi Mahdi
Published: December 2013

This paper presents an investigation on the use of tomography system using using optical and electrodynamic sensors. The system obtains data from both sensors which detect the flow in a process pipe. Information on the flow is processed in order to display the image reconstruction of a solid flow.
Data-Driven Subspace Predictive Control for a MIMO System
Authors: Jamaludin Irma Wani , Wahab Norhaliza Abdul , Gaya Muhammad Sani
Published: December 2013

Subspace-based Model Predictive Control (SMPC) is a combination of a result in subspace system identification with Model Predictive Control (MPC) method. Particularly, it uses the subspace linear predictor equation to predict the future value of the system in the MPC implementation, instead of the usual state-space representation. The recursive subspace identification which updates the estimation of the extended observability matrix online is presented here for a Multi Input-Multi Output (MIMO) system specifically for a nonlinear Biological Waste Water Treatment Process. Givens rotation is applied for recursive updating of QR decomposition of a matrix in this SMPC. In SMPC, the need to have an explicit state-space representation of the system is abolished, resulting in a control algorithm that performs system identification and controller design in a single simultaneous step. Additionally, SMPC algorithm will inherit the numerical robustness typical of subspace-based methods thus giving us an easily deployable control implementation in adaptive framework.
Characterization of ProTEX® PSB Thin Film as a Photosensitive Layer for MEMS Capacitive Pressure Sensor Diaphragm Based on SiC-on-Si Wafer
Authors: Marsi Noraini , Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis , Azlan Hamzah Azrul , Mohd-Yasin Faisal
Published: December 2013

The ProTEX® PSB thin film as a photosensitive layer has been released in the market as an alternative replacement for silicon nitride or silicon oxide wet etch masks. In this work, this film has been deposited on SiC-on-Si wafer for the back-etching of the bulk Si to leave SiC thin film to be used as a pressure sensor diaphragm. This paper will discuss the process flow to estimate the optimized ProTEX® PSB thin film thickness for the sufficient back-etching of the 300um bulk Si. This thickness is defined by the following parameters: spin-coating rotational speed, final cure temperature and hard bake time of coating. Several samples of ProTEX® PSB thin films have been preliminary characterized by infinite focus microscopy (IFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the substrate surface conditions and the effects of undercut edges structure. Based on these data, it was determined that the optimum thickness of ProTEX® PSB for this project is 2.133 μm with the spin speed of 3000 rpm, the first bake temperature of 110 °C in 120 seconds and the second bake temperature of 240 °C in 60 seconds. We conclude that ProTEX® PSB can withstand the etch mask with etch rate of 1.28 μm/min for 8 hours and gives good quality effect of undercut edge on the SiC-on-Si wafer.
Leachability of Metal Ions in TCLP Leachate of Solidified Petroleum Sludge
Authors: Zain Asna Mohd , Md Ghazaly Shaaban , Hilmi Mahmud
Published: December 2013

Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure was executed on solidified petroleum sludge to investigate the metal ions release in leaching medium extractant fluid number 2, U.S.EPA SW-846 TCLP. Nine metal ions from solidified sludge in ordinary Portland cement were evaluated at water to cement ratio of 0.4 to 0.5 and incorporation of 5-15% cement replacement materials. Five cement replacement materials namely, rice husk ash, condense silica fume, activated carbon, fly ash and meta kaolin were selected for solidified sludge in the cement. Solidified sludge with cement replacement materials indicates minimum leachability of metal ions.
The Effect of Solution Temperature on Electrodeposit-ZnO Thin Film
Authors: Mohamad Fariza , Abang Connie Anak , Muhd Nor Nik Hisyamudin , Izaki Masanobu
Published: December 2013

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) has been successfully electrodeposited on a fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates using a simple aqueous solution containing zinc nitrate hydrate by low temperature galvanostatic electrolysis. The solution temperature of zinc nitrate hydrate was varied from 60°C to 75°C in order to investigate the effect of solution temperature on electrodeposit-ZnO thin film. The properties of ZnO film were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field-Emission Scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). The solution temperature shows a significant effect on structural and morphological of deposit-ZnO. The XRD patterns exhibited the increment of (002)-ZnO peak when the solution temperature increased and the highest peak was observed at 75°C. The morphology of ZnO was changed from planar to nanopillar with the solution temperature. In conclusion, ZnO nanopillar with an excellent structural properties was obtained at solution temperature of 75°C.
Effect Different Limb of Transformer Core Assemble on Performance
Authors: Maizana Dina , Mohd Radzi Mohd Afif , Hussin Nuriziani
Published: December 2013

This paper described the performance of transformer affected by different limb assembling. The experiment that used to investigate core is no-load, short circuit and load test to find the core loss, copper loss, flux leakage at corner joint and limb and total harmonic distortion of the flux at flux density range from 0.2 T to 1.6 T, 50 Hz. From the result of this investigation shows the core loss of transformer assembled with 2 limbs is 18.45% and 32.21% better than the transformer assembled with 3 and 5 limbs respectively at a flux density of 1.6T, 50 Hz. To increase the numbers of core limb assemble will reduce the efficiency of transformer.
Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Synthesis of Carbon Fiber from Natural Organic Waste
Authors: Shahrizam Saad , Faizul Che Pa , Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Ruhiyuddin Mohd Zaki , Murizam Darus
Published: December 2013

Carbon fibers are produced from natural sources of water hyacinth plants that have been dried, ground and sieved to three different particle sizes of 600 μm, 300 μm and less than 300 μm. Through the analysis of data obtained from Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), pyrolysis process was carried out at three different temperatures that is 320 ° C, 330 ° C and 350 ° C. Effect of different pyrolysis temperature on the properties of carbon fibers produced have been studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis method. Results of SEM observed the carbon of the smallest particle size give the best structure and texture of surface morphology for optimum pyrolysis temperature of 330°C.
On the Fatigue of Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Achitei Dragos Cristian , Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri , Sandhu Andrei Victor , Vizureanu Petrică , Abdullah Alida
Published: December 2013

When we use effectively shape memory alloys require knowledge of operational behavior at the thermal stresses and mechanical variables. Measurements performed on a CuZnAl alloy, revealed fatigue properties by considering the size of the maximum load deformation corresponding recovered memory. It requires knowledge in design fatigue behavior of shape memory alloy components after education, fatigue strength by performing partial memory loss or physical destruction. The properties of memory shape alloys recommend their use for complex mechanical applications in domains as follows medicine, robotics, aeronautics, electric contacts, actuators. Shape memory metal alloys in the construction of such installations are subject to mechanical stress, and the thermal stresses, so their inclusion in a computing system fatigue involves consideration of the function performed.
Effect of Fly Ash/Alkaline Activator Ratio and Sodium Silicate/NaOH Ratio on Fly Ash Geopolymer Coating Strength
Authors: Liyana J. , Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa , Hussin Kamarudin , Ruzaidi C.M. , Azura A. Rashid
Published: December 2013

Fly ash geopolymer coating material potential used to protect surface used in exposure conditions. Ratio of fly ash/alkaline activator and Na2SiO3/NaOH play important parameter on determining the best flexural strength of geopolymer coating material. Fly ash and alkali activator (Al2O3/Na2SiO3) were mixed with the solids-to-liquid ratios in range of 1.0-3.0 and different ratios of Na2SiO3/NaOH (1.0-3.0) to prepare geopolymer coating material at constant NaOH concentration of 10 M. Effect of fly ash/alkaline activator ratio and Na2SiO3/NaOH on geopolymer coating was determined with respect to the highest flexural strength of the 1200oC sintering temperature of geopolymer coating substrates. The results concluded that the highest strength for fly ash geopolymer coating material is achieved 42 MPa when the solid/liquid ratio is 2.0 and the Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio is 2.5.
Effect of Thickness for Sound Absorption of High Density Biopolymer Foams
Authors: Latif Najibah A. , Rus Anika Zafiah M. , Ghani M. Khairul Zaimy A.
Published: December 2013

Waste cooking oils are problematic disposal especially in the developed countries. In this paper, waste cooking oil is used as raw material to produce foam. The purpose of the study is to develop the high density solid biopolymer (HDB) by using hot compression moulding technique based on flexible and rigid crosslinking agents. Physical properties such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and density of HDB were examined. The acoustic study of HDB for flexible and rigid has been measured using impedance tube test according ASTM E1050 standard with multiple layers of thicknesses. It was revealed that higher thicknesses of HDB exhibit less sound absorption coefficients. This situation is occurred for both flexible and rigid HDB. The frequency also shifted to the left when the layers of HDB were increased for both materials. The highest increment was 63.46%, observed from two layers from flexible and rigid HDB. For the conclusion, rigid HDB showed that they could absorb more sound, thus having higher noise reduction coefficient (NRC) than flexible HDB at low frequency.
Non-Linear Kinetic and Isotherm Modeling on the Adsorption of Lead (II) Ions from Aqueous Solution onto Monosodium Glutamate Functionalised Rubber Leaf Powder
Authors: Fadzil Faisal , Hanafiah M.A.K.M. , Ibrahim Shariff
Published: December 2013

In order to enhance its cationic sorption capacity, untreated rubber leaf powder (RLP) was functionalized using monosodium glutamate to produce potentially biodegradable cationic sorbent. The sorption behaviors of monosodium glutamate functionalised (MGRL) against Pb (II) in a batch system are investigated. The effects of various experimental parameters (e.g. initial pH, contact time) were investigated and the sorption kinetic was elucidated. The Pb (II) removal on MGRL increased as the initial pH increased. The effect of contact time revealed that the equilibrium is reached at 90 minutes. The Pb (II) sorption process on MGRL followed the pseudo-first-order rate kinetics. The Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 109.953 mg/g was found suited to describe the adsorption process.
Novel Low-Cost Activated Carbon from Coconut Shell and its Adsorptive Characteristics for Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Rashidi Nor Adilla , Yusup Suzana , Borhan Azry
Published: December 2013

The objective of this research is to synthesize the microporous activated carbon and test its applicability for CO2gas capture. In this study, coconut shell-based and commercial activated carbon is used as the solid adsorbent. Based on the findings, it shows that the gas adsorption capacity is correlated to the total surface area of the materials. In addition, reduction in the adsorption capacity with respect to temperature proves that the physisorption process is dominant. Higher carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption capacity in comparison to nitrogen (N2) capacity contributes to higher CO2/N2selectivity, and confirms its applicability in the post-combustion process. Utilization of abundance agricultural wastes and one-step physical activation process is attractive as it promotes a cleaner pathway for activated carbon production, and simultaneously, reduces the total operating cost.
Preparation of Biodegradable Poly(lactic Acid) Electrospun Membrane with Decreased Pore Size by Post Heat Treatment
Authors: Li Lin , Hashaikeh Raed , Arafat Hassan A.
Published: December 2013

Environment-friendly membranes were fabricated from poly (lactic acid) (PLA) via the electrospinning technique. PLA is selected due to its biodegradability and thermoplastic. Firstly, the electrospinning parameters that affect the membrane structure and fibers morphology were identified. These include the polymer solution concentration, flow rate and salt additive. It was found that low concentration lead to smaller fiber size but with beads, and lower flow rates leading to thinner and uniform fibers, while salt additives limited the formation of beads. It was found that hot pressing only is preferred from the view of small pore size, large porosity and high contact angle.
Extraction of Phenol and Acetic Acid from Synthetic Bio-Oil by Ammonium Sulfate Solution
Authors: Salleh Noor Azean Mat , Abdullah Bawadi , Kamil Ruzaimah Nik Mohammad
Published: December 2013

This work aims to develop an extraction process for valuable chemicals such as phenolic bio-oil derived from pyrolysis techniques consists of a complex mixture of phenolic, organic acids, ketones and aldehydes compounds. Chemicals such as phenolic compound and acetic acid are attractive for extraction due to their high value compared to fuel and energy product. In this study, synthetic bio-oil is synthesized to represent the actual pyrolysis oil and selection of suitable salt concentrations has been investigated for systematic extraction system development. Synthetic bio-oil was characterized and the results found to be comparable with the properties of pyrolysis oil. Optimum ammonium sulfate concentration for extraction were in the range of less than 20 wt.%. The highest acetic acid yields was 0.1948 wt.% at 20 wt.% concentration of (NH4)2SO4. While, phenol was rich in organic phase with the highest yield at 30 wt.% of (NH4)2SO4.
Application of InN Based Quantum Dot in Reducing Short Circuit Current Variation of Solar Cell above Room Temperature
Authors: Rashid M.A. , Malek F. , Al-Khateeb A.N. , Rosli F.A. , Humayun M.A. , Ramly N.H.
Published: December 2013

This paper focuses on the applicability of InN based quantum dot in the active layer of the solar cell to reduce the short circuit current variation above the room temperature. We have investigated numerically the effect of temperature on the short circuit current of the solar cell using InN based quantum dot in the active layer of the solar cell. The numerical results are compared with those obtained by using Ge based quantum dot. The comparison results revealed that the short circuit current has been increased slightly but the variation of short circuit current has been reduced significantly in the case of using InN quantum dot in the active layer of the device structure. As the results, InN can be considered as the best alternative material to fabricate solar cell with higher short circuit current in upcoming decades.
Materials Research in Appropriate Technology: In the Midst of Science, Engineering, and Technology
Authors: Sianipar Corinthias Pamatang Morgana , Yudoko Gatot , Dowaki Kiyoshi
Published: December 2013

Materials research is often characterized as a pure scientific activity. However, such approach cannot be applied when materials researchers must deal with Appropriate Technology (AT) development. Science and engineering which focus on pure scientific background must be integrated with appropriateness of AT in engineering and technology levels. This study aims to discover such integration by investigating right positioning of materials research to AT development at the intersections between materials research and AT in Science, Engineering, and Technology research areas. Seven pillars of survivability which describe the tiers of appropriateness are also taken as the basis of exploration. They are coupled with the intersections to deliver complete overview of research positioning of materials research in AT development. This study concludes that materials researchers become the inventors (Science), innovators (Engineering), and constructors (Technology) of materials used in AT. They have to produce materials for AT that that must be able (Science), feasible (Engineering), and visible (Technology) to improve local activities through a technological solution. By looking at the discussion, this study contributes in several issues at once: AT, materials research, and research design, including all aspects considered as the fundamental principles of survivability, by taking these issues in the positioning of materials research in AT development.
Protein Produced by Bacillus subtilis ATCC21332 in the Presence of Cymbopogon flexuosus Essential Oil
Authors: Mohd Noor Hanina , Muhamad Hairul Shahril , Ismail Ismatul Nurul Asyikin , Mat Radzi Salina , Rehan Maryam Mohamed , Kader Abdul Jalil Abdul , Mohamad Rosfarizan
Published: December 2013

Proteins levels produced by bacteria may be increased in stressful surroundings, such as in the presence of antibiotics. It appears that many antimicrobial agents or antibiotics, when used at low concentrations, have in common the ability to activate or repress gene transcription, which is distinct from their inhibitory effect. There have been comparatively few studies on the potential of antibiotics or natural compounds in nature as a specific chemical signal that can trigger a variety of biological functions. Therefore, this study was focusing on the effect of essential oil fromCymbopogon flexuosusin regulating proteins production byBacillus subtilisATCC21332. The Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of theC. flexuosusessential oil onB. subtiliswas determined by using microdilution assay, resulting 1.76mg/ml. The bacteria cells were further exposed to theC. flexuosusessential oil at concentration of 0.01 MIC for 72 h. The proteins were then isolated and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Proteins profile showed that a band with approximate size of 30 kDa was appeared for the treated bacteria withC. flexuosusessential oil. Thus,B. subtilisATCC21332 in stressful condition with the presence ofC. flexuosusessential oils at low concentration could induce the protein production. The isolated protein also showed antimicrobial activity against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Fabrication and Characterization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes-Alumina Hybrid Compound: Comparison of Various Supported Catalyst
Authors: Norlin Nosbi , Akil Hazizan Md
Published: December 2013

Hybrid compounds of multiwalled carbon nanotubes-alumina (MWCNT-Al2O3) were grown by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method of methane. The catalyst effect and growth of the synthesis of the multiwalled carbon nanotubes-alumina (MWCNT-Al2O3) hybrid compound in three different supported catalysts (Ni, Co and Fe nitrates) were being compared. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) were employed for the characterization of the hybrid compound. The results revealed that the Ni nitrates catalysts showed a better growth rate performance than Co Nitrates and Fe Nitrates. With respect to the diameter of the MWCNT-Al2O3,the Fe nitrate showed lengthens in diameter compared to Co Nitrates and Ni Nitrates catalyst. This indicated that the growths of these carbon structures can be controlled and manipulated by the supported catalyst.
Fire Resistance Evaluation of Lightweight Geopolymer Concrete System Exposed to Elevated Temperatures of 100-800 °C
Authors: Abdulkareem Omar A. , Al Bakri A.M. Mustafa , Kamarudin H. , Nizar I. Khairul
Published: December 2013

This paper reports the fire resistance property of a lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (LWAGC) material synthesized by the alkali-activation of locally source fly ash (FA) after exposed to elevated temperatures ranged of 100 °C to 800 °C. The results illustrates that the concrete gained a compressive strength after exposing to elevated temperatures of 100, 200 and 300 °C. Afterward, the strength of the LWAGC is started to deteriorate after exposing to elevated temperatures ranged of 400 °C to 800 °C, due to the difference in thermal expansion between the geopolymeric paste and LWA as well as to the evaporation of the structural water which increased the thermal shrinkage.
Structural System of Safe House against Tornado and Earthquakes
Authors: Pakizeh Mohammad Rezaeian , Marsono Abdul Kadir , Tap Masine M.
Published: December 2013

Every year earthquakes, tornadoes and other extreme windstorm cause fatalities or even kill people, devastate and millions of dollars worth of property. The likelihood that a tornado will strike building is a matter of probability. The study describes the analysis and design, the engineering process the new type of tornado safe room (Fig. 1) according to the FEMA guidance. It also evaluates the effects of in-fill frames and the linear response of reinforced concrete braced frames and comparison with frames with shear wall. The main conclusion drawn from this study is to elaborate that the masonry in-fills, are strongly influence the structural seismic response and contribute to the overall stiffness and can decrease drifts and displacements. Infill walls have significant role in the strength and ductility of RC framed structures and should be considered in both analysis and design globally. These walls make the structure significantly stiffer, and reduce the natural period of the structure. Locally, infill walls changed the load path, the distribution of forces between different elements of the structure, and the change the demand of forces on their adjacent elements of the bounding frame. Due to the high relative stiffness of the infill frames, they act as the main lateral load-resisting system and attract larger portions of the earthquake and tornado induced inertia forces.
An Overview of Fly Ash and Bottom Ash Replacement in Self-Compaction Concrete
Authors: binti Abdul Kadir Aeslina , Hassan Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem
Published: December 2013

Over the centuries, concrete is commonly been used in construction world due to its properties. From the conventional concrete until the concrete that has been diversify with innovations, the usefulness is still the same, which is as building materials. One of the innovations called Self-Compaction Concrete (SCC). SCC is a type of concrete that does not require any mechanical compaction at all. This type of concrete will leveled and compacted under its self-weight. Such concrete will accelerate the placement, reduce the labor requirements needed for consolidation, finishing and eliminate environmental pollution. In terms of sustainability, previous researchers have recycled so many waste in SCC for example coal ash, silica fume, hydraulic lime, rice husk ash and fine limestone powder. Recently, recycling fly ash and bottom ash in SCC has grasped the attention of researchers as it demonstrated promising results. Furthermore, previous investigations already confirmed the potential of fly ash and bottom ash in replacing aggregates in SCC represents a better option than landfill and at the same time will decrease pollution problem especially in coal combustion area. This paper reviews the fly ash and bottom ash replacement in SCC.
Modeling of TiN Coating Thickness Using RSM Approach
Authors: Jaya Abdul Syukor Mohamad , Hashim Siti Zaiton Mohd , Haron Habibollah , Muhamad Muhd Razali , Basari A. Samad Hasan , Abd Rahman Md Nizam
Published: December 2013

In this paper, modeling of Titanium Nitrite (TiN) coating thickness using Response Surface Method (RSM) is implemented. Insert cutting tools were coated with TiN using Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) sputtering process. N2 pressure, Argon pressure and turntable speed were selected as process variables while the coating thickness as output response. The coating thickness as an important coating characteristic was measured using surface profilometer equipment. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant factors influencing TiN coating thickness. Then, a polynomial linear model represented the process variables and coating thickness was developed. The result indicated that the actual validation data fell within the 90% prediction interval (PI) and the percentage of the residual errors were low. Findings from this study suggested that Argon pressure, N2 pressure and turntable speed influenced the TiN coating thickness.
Characteristic and Corrosion Studies of Rare Earth (REE) Based Anodizing on AZ91D Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Azadi Mat Akhir Khalid , Zamzuri M.Z.M. , Norbahiyah S. , Nazree Derman Mohd
Published: December 2013

Oxide coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy were prepared using anodizing technique with 10mA/cm2 current density for 5 minutes in electrolyte containing Mg (NO3)2 with NaVO3 as an additive. The corrosion behaviors of different coatings condition were evaluated by immersion test in 5.0% NaCl electrolyte for 72 hours. The microstructures were analyzed by Optical Microscope (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It was found that coatings with the addition of NaVO3 produced homogeneous primary α-matrix and bigger β-phase (Mg17Al12) compared to untreated AZ91D magnesium alloy. The oxide film formed by anodizing in electrolyte with NaVO3 enhances the corrosion resistance of the AZ91D magnesium alloy significantly.
Effect of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fiber on Mechanical Properties of HDPE/EVA/MMT/EFB Nanohybrid Biocomposite
Authors: Che Kamarludin Siti Norsyarahah , Jainal Muhammad Syafiq , Akhbar Suffiyana , Faizal Abdul Rahman Mohd
Published: December 2013

This work study the effect of empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber on mechanical properties (tensile, flexural and impact) of different formulation of HDPE/EVA/MMT/EFB nanohybrid biocomposite with present of 1.5 phr compatibilizer. The ratio of HDPE and EVA are fixed at 80 wt% and 20 wt% respectively. However, the nanoclay montmorillonite (MMT) was varied from 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 phr. Meanwhile EFB fiber was varied from 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt%. The HDPE/EVA/MMT/EFB blends were prepared by melt extrusion blending technique using a single screw extruder. Generally, the result found that by increasing of EFB fiber content, the tensile strength of HDPE/EVA/MMT/EFB nanohybrid biocomposite was declined. The highest tensile strength was given by formulation of HDPE/EVA/1 phr MMT without EFB fiber loading which is 29.064 MPa. Meanwhile the lowest tensile strength is given by formulation of HDPE/EVA/0.5 phr MMT with 50 wt% of EFB fiber which is 9.673 MPa. Similar trend also showed by the result of flexural strength obtained. In contrast, the value of tensile modulus is progressively increased with further increasing of EFB fiber content. The highest tensile modulus given by formulation of HDPE/EVA/1 phr MMT with reinforced of 50 wt% EFB fiber loading (694.53 MPa) whereas the lowest is given by HDPE/EVA/0.5 phr MMT with 10 wt% EFB fiber loading (290.76 MPa). Similar trend for the flexural modulus where further increasing of EFB fiber content, the flexural modulus is directly increasing. Unfortunately, for impact properties, reinforced of EFB fiber give resulted on the reduction of impact strength.
Effect of Catalyst Calcination Temperature on the Synthesis of MWCNTs-Talc Hybrid Compound Using CVD Method
Authors: Mohd Saleh Siti Shuhadah , Akil Hazizan Md , Md. Nasir Ramdziah , Zakaria Muhammad Razlan , Abdul Kudus Muhammad Helmi
Published: December 2013

Carbon nanotubes-talc (CNTs-talc) hybrid compound has been successfully synthesized via chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method. A gas mixture of methane/nitrogen (CH4/N2) was used as the carbon source and nickel as the metal catalyst for the growth of CNT hybrid compound. Talc works as substrate or support material which is combined with nickel to form a complex metal-talc catalyst that will react with carbon source to produce the hybrid compound. To study the effect of different calcinations temperature, four different calcinations temperature, 300 °C (C-talc300), 500 °C (C-talc500), 700 °C (C-talc700) and 900 °C (C-talc900) were used. Among these four calcination temperatures for synthesis the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), C-talc500 is the most optimum calcination temperature to perform catalytic decomposition by reacting in methane atmosphere at 800 °C to produce the CNT-talc hybrid compound.
Ionic Conductivity, Morphology and Transference Number of Sodium Ion in PMMA Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Othman Lisani , Isa Khairul Bahiyah Md. , Chong Woon Gie , Zainol Nurul Husna , Samin Siti Mariam , Osman Zurina , Yahya Rosiyah
Published: December 2013

The gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) composed of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate (NaCF3SO3) salt dissolved in a binary mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) organic solvents have been prepared by solution casting technique. The samples are prepared by varying the salt concentrations from 5 wt.% to 30 wt.%. Impedance spectroscopy measurement has been carried out to determine the ionic conductivity of the GPE samples. The sample containing 20 wt.% of NaCF3SO3salt exhibits the highest room temperature ionic conductivity of 3.10 x 10-3S cm-1. The conductivity of the GPEs has been found to depend on the salt concentration added to the sample though at higher salt concentration reveals decreasing in ionic conductivity due to ions association. The temperature dependence of conductivity from 303 K to 373 K is found to obey the Arrhenius rule. The ionic transference number, ti of GPEs has been estimated by DC polarization method and the value is found to be 0.95, 0.99, and 0.97 for the sample containing 5 wt.%, 20 wt.% and 30 wt.% respectively. This result is consistent with the conductivity studies.
Crush Force Efficiency of Composite Square Profile under Off-Axis Loading
Authors: Arifin A.A. , Othman A.
Published: December 2013

The present paper determines the effect of crush force efficiency on laminate glass wrapped on aluminum cross-section square tubes under quasi-static loading. The analysis was examined via experimentally. The wall-thicknesses aluminum square of 1.6 mm was investigated on wrapped woven composite type of E-glass fiber reinforced polyester resin. Two different numbers of layers woven E-glass were investigated and examined. Result obtained from experimental analysis such that initial peak load, mean load, versus displacement curves were compared for each specimen. Results showed that the tubes energy absorption was affected significantly by different number of layers wrapped on wall aluminum square profile and also that the effect of crushing behaviors and failure modes was discussed.