bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drug toxicoderma: possible causes, clinical manifestations and approaches to management at the outpatient’s stage
Authors: Larina V. N. , Gaydina T. A. , Dvornikov A. S. , Nazimkin K. E.
Published: April 2021

Adverse cutaneous drug reactions are skin manifestations resulting from systemic drug administration. Toxicoderma undermedicationtreatment is the most common adverse cutaneous reaction with difficulty to diagnose, especially at early stages.Thedevelopment and active introduction of new drugs into practice, uncontrolled self-medication of patients, polypharmacy,and repeated contact with one and the same preparation, contribute to the growth of toxicoderma. Doctors should treat patientswith toxicoderma carefully, as it can be developed at any time and have different clinical manifestations. The pathogenesis oftoxicoderma is not fully understood, which limits the possibility of the diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The benefit/riskratioevaluation of prescribing medications is the basis of pharmacological safety and doctors, especially of primary healthcare(general practitioners), should always put it into practice.
Ectopic fat depots as a factor of cardiovascular risk in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Statsenko M. E. , Turkina S. V. , Tyshchenko I. A. , Gorbacheva E. E.
Published: April 2021

The review represents evaluation of the ectopic fatty depots effect on the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Nowadays, NAFLD is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in most countries of the world. A number of studies have confirmed the important role of NAFLD in the formation and progression of CVD, which is manifested by an increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with NAFLD according to Framingham Risk Score. The statement that NAFLD should be recognized as an independent risk factor for CVD, in addition to other metabolic disorders, is often confirmed. One of the possible mechanisms of interrelation between NAFLD and CVD is the paracrine activity of visceral adipose tissue; the possibility of local effects of various ectopic depots of visceral fat is being discussed. There is no doubt that epicardial adipose tissue plays an important role in the formation of the hepato-cardiac continuum. Тhere are more and more studies evaluating the effect of other ectopic depots on the development of CVD in patients with NAFLD. The article provides an analysis of publications devoted to the interrelation between fatty ectopic depots and CVD risks in patients with NAFLD. MedLine and PubMed databases in English and Russian languages were used for the search. The review includes articles published from 2000 to 2020.
Characteristics of surgical treatment of patients with comorbidities in scoliotic disease
Authors: Andronnikov E. A. , Mikhalkina N. G. , Alekseeva T. V. , Gogulina N. V.
Published: April 2021

A large number of studies deal with the study of the etiology and pathogenesis of scoliotic disease, since it is the most commondisease among all the pathologies of the supporting-motor system. Scoliosis is more common in patients aged 4 to 17. Itsfrequencyin the adult population reaches 18.2 cases per 1000 of population. The developed and widely applicable non-surgicaltherapy of moderate, progressive, and severe extent of disease do not always lead to positive outcomes. A variety of surgicalmethodsfor treating scoliosis is successfully used nowadays. Modern types of fixing hardware, including two-leg growingsystems,mostoften used in practice, allow simultaneous correction of vertebral deformity in three planes and reliably stabilizethe spinal column in a position closest to the physiological one. Since most organs and systems of the body are affected byscoliosis,it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the comorbid background of patients for successful surgicaltreatmentand effective postoperative rehabilitation. Comorbidity creates special requirements for surgical and rehabilitationapproachto achieve biomechanically correct fitting of the structure and its rigid fixation on the supporting osseous structures.

The aimof the study was to identify the most common comorbidities in patients with scoliosis admitted for surgical treatment,to highlight the features of surgical treatment and rehabilitation of these groups of patients.

Materialand methods.Westudied118case histories of patients admitted for surgical treatment of scoliosis, monitoring characteristics of the periods of treatmentand rehabilitation after surgical correction of vertebral deformity.

Results.Degenerativevertebral diseases, cardiovasculardevelopment abnormalities and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract were noted with the highest frequency as diseasesassociated with scoliosis. The characteristics of surgical approach in the correction of vertebral deformity depending on theidentifiedcomorbidity are generalized.

Conclusions.Therevealedcomorbidity pattern indicates the fundamental generalityof the etiology of scoliosis and these diseases, as well as the pathogenetic role of vertebral deformities in the development ofa number of diseases. This fact must be taken into account when planning approaches to surgical interference and individualrehabilitationprogramin the early postoperative period.
Analysis of surgical disciplines involved doctors’ personal responsibility for improper delivery of health care
Authors: Gorbachev V. I. , Netesin E. S. , Gorbacheva S. S. , Sumin S. A. , Khamidulin M. V. , Utkin N. N.
Published: April 2021

Currently, there is a serious increase in citizens’ complaints to the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation. Accordingly, there has been an increase in criminal cases initiated against health professionals. The group of specialists of maximum risk includes, first of all, doctors of surgical specialties: surgeons; anesthesiologists-resuscitators; obstetricians-gynecologists.

Purpose of the study. To analyze the criminal cases against surgeons initiated under the second part of Article 109 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

Material and methods. The search for criminal cases was carried out in the following electronic databases: Court decisions of the Russian Federation (https://court decisions.rf) and the state automated system of the Russian Federation "Justice" (https://bsr.sudrf.ru/bigs/portal.html); the search covers the last 5 years period.

Results. 235 court decisions in cases open under Part 2. Art. 109 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation have been found. The evaluation of territorial and gender characteristics has been carried out. Defects in the delivery of health care identified by the courts and incriminated to doctors are presented. The attitude of surgical specialties doctors to the charges brought, and the applied terms of the main types of punishment are presented: supervised release and denial of the right to practice. Attention is drawn to the aggravating and mitigating circumstances used by the courts.
Moscow and Saint Petersburg General Hospitals as а forerunners of Medical-Surgical Academy (to the 225th Anniversary of the Military Medical Academy)
Authors: Polovinka V. S. , Simonenko V. B. , Abashin V. G. , Merkushev I. A.
Published: April 2021

The article represents data on the history of medicine in Russia in the XVIII–XIX centuries. Data on Peter I medical reforms, the foundation of Moscow, St. Petersburg and Kronshtadt land and sea hospitals, Hospital schools are presented. The names of the first teachers of Hospital schools are presented.
Mengungkap Makna Kutukan terhadap Pohon Ara: Analisis Historis-Kritis Markus 11:12-14
Authors: Joseph Aldrin
Published: April 2021

Abstract. This article aimed to uncover the true meaning of the curse to the fig tree written in Mark 11:12-14. By the historical criticism, the author tried to explain the reasoning of Jesus’ action in cursing the fig tree and answer the many difficulties when facing the text. The results of the analysis showed that the curse of the fig tree was a symbolic act that emphasized the importance of the faith growth of every believer as a consequence living under God’s rule as well as a stern warning of punishment for every believer who is reluctant to grow and bear fruit.Abstrak. Artikel ini bertujuan mengungkap makna sebenarnya narasi kutukan terhadap pohon ara yang tercata dalam Markus 11:12-14. Dengan menggunakan metode kritik historis, penulis hendak menjelaskan alasan-alasan sentral dibalik tindakan Yesus yang mengutuk pohon ara dan menjawab berbagai kesulitan yang dialami ketika membaca dan memahami peristiwa ini. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kutukan pohon ara adalah sebuah tindakan simbolis untuk menandaskan pentingnya pertumbuhan iman setiap orang percaya sebagai konsekuensi hidup di bawah pemerintahan Allah sekaligus sebagai peringatan keras akan hadirnya penghukuman bagi setiap orang percaya yang enggan bertumbuh dan berbuah.
Sebuah Analisis terhadap Problematika Impekabilitas Kristus Berkaitan dengan Realitas Pencobaan yang Kristus Alami
Authors: Jatmiko Yudi
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Christ's victory over trials is an example, comfort, and assurance of believers' victory over their trials. Regarding His human nature, it was clear that the trials which Christ experienced were real trials. Yet the doctrine of Christ's impeccability, based on His divine nature, affirms that Christ was not only sinless, but could not sin also. From the point the problem arises: how can these two concepts - the reality of Christ's temptation and impeccability - be harmonized? Through a literature review carried out by discussing various opinions, both those that support the impeccability and those that reject it, it was concluded that there was no contradiction between Christ's impeccability and the reality of the trials he experienced. The impeccability of Christ is the essence of his eligibility to be our High Priest.Abstrak. Kemenangan Kristus atas pencobaan merupakan teladan, penghiburan, dan jaminan akan kemenangan orang-orang percaya atas pencobaan yang mereka alami. Berkaitan dengan natur kemanusiaan-Nya, tampak jelas bahwa pencobaan yang Kristus alami adalah pencobaan yang nyata. Namun doktrin impekabilitas Kristus, dengan berpijak pada natur ilahi-Nya, menegaskan bahwa Kristus bukan hanya tidak berdosa, tetapi Ia tidak dapat berdosa. Dengan demikian timbul masalah: bagaimana mungkin kedua hal ini – realitas pencobaan dan impekabilitas Kristus – merupakan kebenaran yang harmonis? Melalui kajian literatur yang dijalankan dengan cara mendiskusikan berbagai pendapat, baik yang mendukung pandangan impekabilitas maupun yang menolak, disimpulkan bahwa tiada kontradiksi antara impekabilitas Kristus dengan realitas pencobaan yang Ia alami. Impekabilitas Kristus sebagai esensi kelayakannya menjadi Imam Agung bagi kita.
Membangun Spiritualitas Digital bagi Generasi Z
Authors: Subowo Adhika Tri
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Generation Z is a generation that is close to digital technology, so the use of digital space as a teaching tool is important for churches to do. The dichotomy of sacred and profane often colors the perception of the church in seeing the digital space, so that digital space has not been fully utilized. This research was intended propose the suitable digital spirituality for generation Z. This study was conducted by literature study. Through this study it could be concluded that cyberspace has become part of the generation Z spirituality, although the interactions and conversations in it are not always spiritually charged, therefore, the church needs to be involved in it to be able to provide guidance to generation Z.Abstrak. Generasi Z adalah generasi yang dekat dengan teknologi digital, sehingga penggunaan ruang digital sebagai sarana pengajaran menjadi penting untuk dilakukan oleh gereja. Dikotomi sakral dan profan seringkali mewarnai persepsi gereja dalam memandang ruang digital, sehingga ruang digital belum dimanfaatkan dengan maksimal. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengusulkan spiritualitas digital yang tepat bagi generasi Z. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah studi literatur. Melalui kajian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa cyberspace telah menjadi bagian dari spiritualitas generasi Z, meskipun interaksi dan percakapan di dalamnya tidak selalu bermuatan rohani, sehingga gereja perlu ikut terlibat di dalamnya untuk dapat memberikan bimbingan kepada generasi Z.
THE ANTIOBESITY ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF ROSE APPLE (Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston) ON FEMALE WISTAR RATS
Authors: Qowiyyah Atun , Ihsan Setiadi , Renggana Hesti , Khoeriyah Maila Nisa
Published: April 2021

Obesity prevalence has increased in recent years and has caused serious health problems. This research was carried out to obtain alternative antiobesity therapy with more minimal side effects. Antiobesity activity of rose apple (Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston) leaves on female Wistar rats induced by high carbohydrate food for 45 days and subcutaneously injection of MSG 2 g/kgbw. Extraction was carried out using maceration method 96% ethanol. The test parameters observed were body weight, food intake, stool consistency and weight, liver and abdominal fat tissue weight. The results showed that high carbohydrate food and monosodium glutamate could induce obesity. Ethanol extract of rose apple leaves at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kgbw body weight had antiobesity activity by inhibiting body weight gain significantly compased to positive control group (p<0.05). The highest antiobesity effect was shown by the ethanol extract of rose apple leaves at a doses of 50 mg/kgbw with % inhibition of body weight gain of 169.3% to positive control group. Ethanol extract of rose apple leaves may reduce appetite, but didn’t have laxative effect and couldn’t reduce fat deposits in the liver and abdominal fat tissue.
ANALISIS KEPUASAN PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DALAM PELAYANAN RESEP DI INSTALASI FARMASI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM LIRBOYO TAHUN 2019
Authors: Walujo Djembor Sugeng , Ephrino S Krisogonus , Utami Nurul
Published: April 2021

Pelayanan kesehatan merupakan faktor penting dalam meningkatkan derajat kesehatan dan kesejahteraan setiap insan diseluruh dunia. Kepuasan pasien adalah masalah penting bagi penyedia layanan kesehatan. Hal ini merupakan promosi dari mulut ke mulut bagi calon pasien lainnya yang diharapkan sangat positif bagi usaha rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepuasan pasien peserta BPJS dan kepuasan pasien umum dalam pelayanan resep di instalasi farmasi rawat jalan RSU Lirboyo Kediri. Pemilihan sampel pada penelitian ini dengan metode Accidental sampling sebanyak 85 pasien BPJS dan 85 pasien umum. Analisis yang dilakukan pada peneltian ini dengan metode RATER menggunakan kuisioner dengan menggunakan uji gap, customer window, dan uji t-Test independent sample. Kualitas pelayanan kefarmasian yang ditinjau dari rata-rata nilai 5 dimensi kehandalan, jaminan, bukti langsung, empati dan tanggapan terhadap pasien BPJS didapatkan nilai gap negatif sebesar -0.012 dengan tingkat kepuasan pasien adalah kurang puas. Kualitas pelayanan kefarmasian yang ditinjau dari rata-rata nilai 5 dimensi kehandalan, jaminan, bukti langsung, empati dan tanggapan terhadap pasien umum didapatkan nilai gap positif sebesar 0.032 dengan tingkat kepuasan adalah puas. Hasil uji t-Test independent sample didapatkan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,620 > 0,05. Dengan demikian, dapat dikatakan bahwa kepuasan pasien rawat jalan pengguna BPJS dan pasien umum secara signifikan tidak ada bedanya
PENGEMBANGAN VALIDASI METODE DAN PENETAPAN KADAR AKRILAMIDA PADA UBI JALAR GORENG SECARA KROMATOGRAFI LAPIS TIPIS-DENSITOMETRI
Authors: Rosita P Ayik
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan karena belum adanya laporan tentang metode kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT)- Densitometri untuk analisis akrilamida dalam ubi jalar goreng. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pengembangan validasi metode analisis dan penetapan kadar akrilamida dalam ubi jalar goreng secara KLT-Densitometri. Hasil penelitian menggunakan lempeng KLT silika gel 254 menunjukkan bahwa retardation factor berkisar 0,4-0,5 dengan eluen metanol: benzena (2:1) dan dianalisis di panjang gelombang maksimum 200 nm. Linieritas standar akrilamida diuji dalam rentang konsentrasi 120-300 ppm dan koefisien korelasi (r) lebih besar dari 0,99, dengan batas deteksi 17,45 ppm dan batas kuantitatif 52,36 ppm. Persiapan sampel dilakukan dengan cara ekstraksi pelarut menggunakan etanol 70%. Presisi memberikan hasil 2,67% dan nilainya lebih kecil dari 16% sesuai literatur. Persen recorvery 98,18% dan sesuai dengan literature yaitu 98% -102%. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode KLT Densitometri pada penentuan akrilamida selektif, presisi, dan akurat dimana pada penetapan kadar akrilamida pada ubi jalar goreng mengandung akrilamida sangat sedikit dimana konsentrasinya kurang dari 230,32 ng sehingga sampel ini sangat aman untuk dikonsumsi
KARAKTER SPESIFIK EKSTRAK DAUN YODIUM (Jatropha multifida L.) DARI TIGA LOKASI TEMPAT TUMBUH DI JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Aryantini Dyah , Sari Erni Anika , S.W Dani Nanda
Published: April 2021

Jatropha multifida L. merupakan tumbuhan yang memiliki banyak khasiat dalam pengobatan. Senyawa aktif tanaman ini antara lain tanin, saponin, flavonoid dan fenol. Kandungan senyawa aktif dan kualitas ekstrak suatu tumbuhan obat tidak dapat dijamin memiliki jumlah yang sama, hal ini disebabkan pengaruh tempat tumbuh yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan standarisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi parameter spesifik ekstrak daun yodium dari Kota Kediri, Nganjuk dan Madiun. Pengujian parameter spesifik meliputi identitas ekstrak, organoleptik, kandungan senyawa terlarut dalam air dan etanol 96%, serta skrining fitokimia flavonoid, alkaloid tanin, dan saponin. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak dari Kediri, Nganjuk dan Madiun memiliki bentuk ekstrak yang kental dengan warna coklat kehitaman, serta memiliki bau dan rasa yang khas serta rasa pahit. Berdasarkan uji skrining fitokimia semua ekstrak mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin. Selanjutnya uji kadar senyawa terlarut dalam etanol 96% dari Kediri, Nganjuk dan Madiun adalah 74; 77,70; 73,52% dan kadar senyawa terlarut dalam air adalah 40,90; 31,78, 41,87%
Automation Anxieties: Perceptions About Technological Automation and the Future of Pharmacy Work
Authors: Piercy Cameron , Gist-Mackey Angela
Published: April 2021

This study uses a sample of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians (N = 240) who differ in skill, education, and income to replicate and extend past findings about socioeconomic disparities in the perceptions of automation. Specifically, this study applies the skills-biased technical change hypothesis, an economic theory that low-skill jobs are the most likely to be affected by increased automation (Acemoglu & Restrepo, 2019), to the mental models of pharmacy workers. We formalize the hypothesis that anxiety about automation leads to perceptions that jobs will change in the future and automation will increase. We also posit anxiety about overpayment related to these outcomes. Results largely support the skillsbiased hypothesis as a mental model shared by pharmacy workers regardless of position, with few effects for overpayment anxiety.
Out with the Humans, in with the Machines?: Investigating the Behavioral and Psychological Effects of Replacing Human Advisors with a Machine
Authors: Prahl Andrew , Van Swol Lyn
Published: April 2021

This study investigates the effects of task demonstrability and replacing a human advisor with a machine advisor. Outcome measures include advice-utilization (trust), the perception of advisors, and decision-maker emotions. Participants were randomly assigned to make a series of forecasts dealing with either humanitarian planning (low demonstrability) or management (high demonstrability). Participants received advice from either a machine advisor only, a human advisor only, or their advisor was replaced with the other type of advisor (human/machine) midway through the experiment. Decision-makers rated human advisors as more expert, more useful, and more similar. Perception effects were strongest when a human advisor was replaced by a machine. Decision-makers also experienced more negative emotions, lower reciprocity, and faulted their advisor more for mistakes when a human was replaced by a machine.
Social Responses to Media Technologies in the 21st Century: The Media are Social Actors Paradigm
Authors: Lombard Matthew , Xu Kun
Published: April 2021

Clifford Nass and his colleagues proposed the Computers Are Social Actors (CASA) paradigm in the 1990s and demonstrated that we treat computers in some of the ways we treat humans. To account for technological advances and to refine explanations for CASA results, this paper proposes the Media Are Social Actors (MASA) paradigm. We begin by distinguishing the roles of primary and secondary cues in evoking medium-as-social-actor presence and social responses. We then discuss the roles of individual differences and contextual factors in these responses and identify mindless and mindful anthropomorphism as two major complementary mechanisms for understanding MASA phenomena. Based on evolutionary psychology explanations for socialness, we conclude with nine formal propositions and suggestions for future research to test and apply MASA.
Voice-Based Agents as Personified Things: Assimilation and Accommodation as Equilibration of Doubt
Authors: Etzrodt Katrin , Engesser Sven
Published: April 2021

We aim to investigate the nature of doubt regarding voice-based agents by referring to Piaget’s ontological object–subject classification “thing” and “person,” its associated equilibration processes, and influential factors of the situation, the user, and the agent. In two online surveys, we asked 853 and 435 participants, ranging from 17 to 65 years of age, to assess Alexa and the Google Assistant. We discovered that only some people viewed voice-based agents as mere things, whereas the majority classified them into personified things. However, their classification is fragile and depends basically on the imputation of subject-like attributes of agency and mind to the voice-based agents, increased by a dyadic using situation, previous regular interactions, a younger age, and an introverted personality of the user. We discuss these results in a broader context.
Forms and Frames: Mind, Morality, and Trust in Robots across Prototypical Interactions
Authors: Banks Jaime , Koban Kevin , Chauveau Philippe
Published: April 2021

People often engage human-interaction schemas in human-robot interactions, so notions of prototypicality are useful in examining how interactions’ formal features shape perceptions of social robots. We argue for a typology of three higher-order interaction forms (social, task, play) comprising identifiable-but-variable patterns in agents, content, structures, outcomes, context, norms. From that ground, we examined whether participants’ judgments about a social robot (mind, morality, and trust perceptions) differed across prototypical interactions. Findings indicate interaction forms somewhat influence trust but not mind or morality evaluations. However, how participants perceived interactions (independent of form) were more impactful. In particular, perceived task interactions fostered functional trust, while perceived play interactions fostered moral trust and attitude shift over time. Hence, prototypicality in interactions should not consider formal properties alone but must also consider how people perceive interactions according to prototypical frames.
Social Robots as the Bride? Understanding the Construction of Gender in a Japanese Social Robot Product
Authors: Liu Jindong
Published: April 2021

This study critically investigates the construction of gender on a Japanese hologram animestyle social robot Azuma Hikari. By applying a mixed method merging the visual semiotic method and heterogeneous engineering approach in software studies, the signs in Azuma Hikari’s anthropomorphized image and the interactivity enabled by the multimedia interface have been analyzed and discussed. The analysis revealed a stereotyped representation of a Japanese “ideal bride” who should be cute, sexy, comforting, good at housework, and subordinated to “Master”-like husband. Moreover, the device interface disciplines users to play the role of “wage earner” in the simulated marriage and reconstructs the gender relations in reality. It suggests the humanization of the objects is often associated with the dehumanization and objectification of the human in reverse.
Becoming Human? Ableism and Control in Detroit: Become Human and the Implications for Human-Machine Communication
Authors: Dehnert Marco , Leach Rebecca
Published: April 2021

In human-machine communication (HMC), machines are communicative subjects in the creation of meaning. The Computers are Social Actors and constructivist approaches to HMC postulate that humans communicate with machines as if they were people. From this perspective, communication is understood as heavily scripted where humans mindlessly apply human-to-human scripts in HMC. We argue that a critical approach to communication scripts reveals how humans may rely on ableism as a means of sense-making in their relationships with machines. Using the choose-your-own-adventure game Detroit: Become Human as a case study, we demonstrate (a) how ableist communication scripts render machines as both less-than-human and superhuman and (b) how such scripts manifest in control and cyborg anxiety. We conclude with theoretical and design implications for rescripting ableist communication scripts.
Negotiating Agency and Control: Theorizing Human-Machine Communication from a Structurational Perspective
Authors: Gibbs Jennifer , Kirkwood Gavin , Fang Chengyu , Wilkenfeld J. Nan
Published: April 2021

Intelligent technologies have the potential to transform organizations and organizing processes. In particular, they are unique from prior organizational technologies in that they reposition technology as agent rather than a tool or object of use. Scholars studying human-machine communication (HMC) have begun to theorize the dual role played by human and machine agency, but they have focused primarily on the individual level. Drawing on Structuration Theory (Giddens, 1984), we propose a theoretical framework to explain agency in HMC as a process involving the negotiation of control between human and machine agents. This article contributes to HMC scholarship by offering a framework and research agenda to guide future theory-building and research on the use of intelligent technologies in organizational contexts.
Nomenclatural standards of modern Russian potato cultivars preserved at the VIR herbarium (WIR): A new approach to cultivar genepool registration in a genebank
Authors: Gavrilenko T. A. , Chukhina I. G.
Published: April 2021

VIR is creating a collection of nomenclature standards for cultivars of different crops in line with the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP). The nomenclatural standards are designed in the form of a herbarium sample in cooperation with the authors of cultivars, who select plant material for each cultivar in the experimental field of their organization and forward it to the scientific herbarium together with the accompanying documents. Registering of herbarium specimen in the scientific herbarium is followed by the publication of nomenclatural standards. The article presents a new VIR genebank strategy for registering plant material of domestic cultivars received from breeders, which includes the design of nomenclatural standards; the development of a genetic passport of a cultivar using DNA samples from the plant delivered to the scientific herbarium; and application of biotechnological methods for keeping explants (isolated from the acquired plant material as buds or meristems) alive. The proposed integrated approach makes it possible to document cultivars not only with the help of nomenclatural standards, but also with the use of molecular-genetic methods, as well as to save genotyped specimens, transferred to herbarium, in in vitro and in cryo collections. This approach is applicable to any vegetatively propagated crop. The article summarizes the first results of our proposed strategy using modern domestic potato cultivars as an example. Collection, transfer and preparation of plant material for nomenclatural standards of potato varieties are specific; this article explains our protocol for this work. The implementation of this strategy in 2018-2020 led to the designation of nomenclatural standards for 66 Russian potato varieties and elaboration of their genetic passports, which are presented in a series of articles included into issues Nos.3 and 4, Volume 3, of the journal “Plant Biotechnology and Breeding”, containing an overview of methodological approaches to registration of modern domestic cultivars in the VIR collection. DNA samples obtained from the plant material provided by the cultivar authors for nomenclatural standard designation will continue to be used as a source of information on the genetic potential of a cultivar through the expansion of the list of DNA markers and the application of new genetic technologies.
Farklı Bakteri ve Hormon Uygulamalarının Cornus alba ‘Sibirica’ Çeliklerinin Köklenmesi Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: AKPINAR KÜLEKÇİ Elif , ÖZKAN Gürsel , EKİNCİ Melek , SEZEN İşik , KOTAN Recep
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışma kentsel peyzaj alanlarında dış mekan süs bitkisi olarak sıkça kullanılan ve ekonomik öneme sahip, Atapark Botanik Bahçesi’nden temin edilen süs çalısı Cornus alba ‘Sibirica’(süs kızılcığı) bitkisinin kök gelişimini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Cornus alba ‘Sibirica’ Cornaceae familyasına ait bir bitki olup, halk arasında süs kızılcığı veya kızılcık çalısı olarak isimlendirilmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında bu bitkinin çelik köklendirilmesinde farklı bakteri ve hormon formülasyonları uygulamasının etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada uygulamaların çelik köklenmesindeki etkileri çeşitli parametreler (köklenen çelik sayısı (%), kök sayısı (adet), kök uzunluğu (cm), kök kalınlığı (mm) ve kök kalitesi) üzerinden tespit edilerek, belirtilen türler için köklenmede kullanılabilecek en uygun biyolojik preperat belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda belirtilen köklenme parametreleri açısından en iyi sonuç, horman (IBA) uygulamasında tespit edilirken sadece kök kalınlığı açısından kontrol grubu (0.90 mm) hormon uygulamasınana nazaran (0.84) daha iyi gelişme göstermiştir. Ayrıca üç farklı bakteri formülasyonlarının tamamı kontrol ve hormon (IBA) uygulamalarına nazaran daha düşük köklenme gelişimi gösterirken, sadece kök kalitesi açısından 1. Formülasyon bakteri (Bacillus megatorium TV-3D, Paenibacillus polymixa TV-12E, Pantoea agglomeras RK-79, Pantoea agglomeras RK-92, Pseudomonas fluoresens FDG-37) uygulamasında kök kalınlığı 3.67 mm iken bu değer kontrol grubunda ise 3.00 mm olarak tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar peyzaj ve ekonomik önemi oldukça yüksek olan Cornus alba ‘Sibirica’ bitkisinin kök kalitesi ve gelişimini belirleme açısından oldukça önemlidir.
Features of distance learning in medical universities in a pandemic condition
Authors:   Ivan Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Gargula T. I.
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed all aspects of life and learning in the world and in Ukraine. Quarantine restrictions made it impossible to conduct the educational process in medical universities by traditional methods (oral and written questioning, testing, attending lectures, participation in clinical trials and operations), which led to the restructuring of the educational process and the transition to distance learning. The aim of the work was to highlight the features of the organization of distance learning in higher medical institutions of Ukraine during the pandemic on the example of I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University. Learning management systems (LMSs) use the online learning platform Moodle to effectively conduct distance learning. Due to the dynamism, modularity, flexibility of this platform, students have continuous access to educational materials, undergo current and final test control of the level of knowledge acquisition and preparation for the exam Step-1, Step-2. The online service Microsoft Teams allows teachers and students to communicate in real time, conduct video lectures, discussions, surveys, control of students’ self-preparation, increase the motivational component of training by creating creative questions in Forms, running marathons and others. A high-quality distance learning process requires its digitization and informatization, teamwork of teachers and students, changing the role of the teacher as a mentor and coordinator, increasing the motivational component by introducing creative approaches to learning.
Features and prospects of distance learning at the department of therapeutic dentistry
Authors:   Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Poltava, Petrushanko T. О. , Bubliy T. D. ,   Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Poltava, Dubovaya L. I. ,   Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Poltava
Published: April 2021

The training of future doctors should be continuous and organized at a high level, because medicine is one of the priority spheres of society. With the introduction of quarantine in the context of a pandemic, the question of changing the format of classes has become especially acute, which is associated with the need to exclude massive concentrations of medical students. In our academy, in the first days of quarantine, communication was organized by groups in the Viber and Telegram messengers. In the following days, training was carried out on the use of the Zоm service platform for video conferencing, online meetings and distance learning, and trainings were organized. The department’s website contained the contact information of all teachers, the schedule of classes, the thematic plan of lectures and practical classes, a list of basic and additional literature for students of each course. In the materials for downloading, students had the opportunity to familiarize themselves with multimedia presentations of lectures, teaching aids developed by the staff of the department, methodological recommendations on all topics of practical exercises according to the thematic plan. It should be noted that new educational technologies contribute to the improvement of information competence, allow students to independently master the educational material, but training a doctor in practical skills requires the student’s traditional face-to-face contact with teachers and patients.
Experience of teaching the elective discipline «Current principles of the diagnosis and treatment of dysontogenetic pathology of the maxillofacial area»
Authors:   Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Poltava, Tkachenko P. I. , Dolenko О. B. ,   Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Poltava, Lokhmatova N. M. ,   Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Poltava, Bilikon S. O. ,   Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Poltava, Popelo Yu. V. ,   Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Poltava, Korotych N. M. ,   Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Poltava
Published: April 2021

Sustainable development of public health care in Ukraine, in particular dental care, requires highly qualified specialists with skills in the field of diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and prevention of various human diseases. Therefore, improving the quality of training of health care professionals in compliance with the standards of higher education is very important current issue. The Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy has created all the necessary conditions for the formation of individual educational trajectory of students of the second (Master’s) level of higher education in the specialty 221 “Dentistry” due to the balance of compulsory and elective educational components in the curriculum “Dentistry”. It contains a large list of elective components created by the UMSA faculty staff at the initiative of the academy and the recommendations of stakeholders, including “Current principles of the diagnosis and treatment of dysontogenetic pathology of the maxillofacial area”, which comprehensively studies the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, current methods of diagnosrics, treatment of diseases of dysontogenetic origin in children; develops skills of making a rational plan of examination of a patient with diseases caused by embryogenetic disorders and the ability to analyze the resulting data; identifies the key symptoms and syndromes of dysontogenetic origin and differential diagnosis with justification and making the diagnosis, principles of comprehensive treatment of patients; contributes in prediction and prevention of complications of these diseases in children. The paper highlights the experience of teaching the elective component of the curriculum “Current principles of the diagnosis and treatment of dysontogenetic pathology of the maxillofacial area” at the Department of Pediatric Oral Surgery of UMSA, which showed the prospects of teaching it to the 5th – year dental students and received positive feedback. This inspired the faculty staff of the Department to continue activities on improving the academic process.
Features of teaching clinical anatomy and operative surgery in modern conditions
Authors:   Ivan Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Gargula T. I. , Hnatiuk M. S. ,   Ivan Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine
Published: April 2021

The introduction of European standards in the training of competent, highly qualified specialists who are able to use the theoretical knowledge acquired in the learning process in practice, has led to increased requirements for the quality of their professional development. Clinical anatomy and operative surgery is a discipline that allows students to apply clinical thinking in practice, because only on the basis of knowledge about the anatomical features of the structure of a particular part of the human body can choose successful surgical treatment tactics. The aim of the work was to highlight the peculiarities of teaching clinical anatomy and operative surgery at the Department of Operative Surgery and Clinical Anatomy of I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University and ways to improve them in modern conditions. At the Department of Operative Surgery and Clinical Anatomy of I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University pays attention not only to the theoretical but also to the practical component of student training. Students independently conduct training operations on experimental animals, thus consolidating theoretical knowledge and gaining practical skills, learn to work in a team, perform other functional duties of members of the operating team, and in the postoperative period observe the body’s response to surgery. The transition of the educational process to the distance form with the introduction of the online platform Microsoft Teams made it possible to conduct classes in real time, and the use of an interactive method of business game allowed to ‘virtually’ conduct educational operations. The use of virtual and augmented reality technology gives students the opportunity to learn more about the subject, to gain experience to which they do not have access, especially in conditions of quarantine restrictions.
Analysis of advantages and disadvantages of distance learning
Authors:   Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Voytovich O. V. , Zherebiatiev O. S. ,   Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Matylonok T. Yu. ,   Zaporizhzhia State Medical University
Published: April 2021

The introduction of distance learning raised questions of self-organization and self-discipline of the student, the desire and ability of the student to independently acquire knowledge, academic integrity of the student. The effectiveness of distance learning depends on the answers to these questions. Therefore, teachers need to analyze the level of self-preparation of each student and, if necessary, motivate them for intensive independent educational work. To obtain objective data on the readiness and attitude of students to distance learning, as well as in order to establish and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of distance learning as students see them, conducted a voluntary anonymous survey using a questionnaire developed by us. The survey was carried out among the students, who studied the discipline “Microbiology, Virology and Immunology” for one semester in the classroom, and the next semester studied remotely using the services of the Microsoft Office 365 platform. Indicators of representativeness of the sample: sample size — 24 respondents, which amounted to 54.5 % of students; the maximum error is 10 % with a probability of 0.90. When analyzing the answers to the questionnaires, we revealed the advantage of positive feedback from students on the introduced distance learning form. Among the positive aspects, students consider remote lecturing and access to lectures read on the MS Teams service of the Microsoft Office 365 platform. Among the disadvantages of distance learning, students especially note the long stay at the monitor and the lack of practical work, especially when studying the discipline “Microbiology, Virology and Immunology”.
Features of postgraduate distance learning in «Orthodontics» specialty
Authors:   Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Poltava, Smaglyuk L. V. , Belous A. M. ,   Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Poltava, Karasyunok A. E. ,   Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Poltava
Published: April 2021

Distance learning is the process of acquiring knowledge, abilities, skills and methods of human cognitive activity, it occurs mainly through the indirect interaction of participants in the educational process distant from each other in a specialized environment, it functions on the basis of modern psychological, pedagogical and information and communication technologies. In today’s world, distance learning is a must. This was shown by the existing COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of our work was to present teaching methods at the Department of Orthodontics of the Ukrainian Medical Dental Academy and to determine the advantages and disadvantages of distance education. To present theoretical and practically oriented content, organize independent work and control knowledge during quarantine, the possibilities of distance learning were used using the Google Classroom web service and using the ZOOM platform, Google-meet, which made it possible to use video, photographic materials, tables, control and diagnostic models, panoramic and other images, orthodontic appliances, orthodontic instruments. Distance learning technology is flexible than traditional. This is its advantage. It is aimed at those who study, creates a comfortable environment for the applicant for higher education to master the material 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Distance learning allows you to move away from the traditional system of teaching educational material. However, this teaching methodology requires a high level of teacher training. The teacher must have modern pedagogical and information technologies and be psychologically ready to work with applicants for education in a new educational and cognitive environment. The distance form of education must correspond to the methods of teaching in higher medical school. So, the material and technical clinical base of the Department of Orthodontics of the UMCA allows you to provide high-quality online training. But the spread of COVID-19 leads to day-to-day changes in all spheres of life, including healthcare, and the education system.
Role of autoimmune disorders in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular insufficiency in children with bronchial asthma
Authors:   Karazin Kharkiv National University, Chernusky V. G. , Popov M. M. ,   Karazin Kharkiv National University, Letyago G. V. ,   Karazin Kharkiv National University, Govalenkova O. L. ,   Karazin Kharkiv National University, Tolmacheva S. R. ,   Karazin Kharkiv National University, Popova A. M. ,   Karazin Kharkiv National University
Published: April 2021

It has been shown that the main spectrum of immunopathological reactions in bronchial asthma in children has a clear antigenic dependence not only on the inflammatory-activated intermediate stroma of the bronchopulmonary system, but also on the effects of autoantibodies on cerebral vessels and cell tissue. insufficiency of this contingent of children, which is currently insufficiently studied. The aim is to study autoimmune disorders in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular insufficiency in children with bronchial asthma. 121 patients with asthma aged 5 to 15 years in the period of exacerbation were examined. To study the role of the autoimmune component in the development of cerebrovascular insufficiency and its connection with the autoimmune process in the bronchopulmonary system in asthma in children, we used the method of quantitative determination of autoantibodies to lipopolysaccharide antigens of cerebral vessels and topographic structures of the brain and brain, trachea, bronchi and lung tissue. The results showed that the levels of autoantibodies to lipopolysaccharide antigens vessels and cell tissue structures of the brain and bronchopulmonary system in children with asthma significantly increased from mild to severe. The rank correlation showed that there is a direct reliable connection between the autoimmune process in the bronchopulmonary system and the level of autoantibodies to the lipopolysaccharide antigens of cerebral vessels and cell tissue structures of the brain. Thus, it is shown that the level of autoantibodies to lipopolysaccharide antigens arteries, venous vessels and cell tissue structures of the brain, allows to detect lesions of blood vessels and tissue areas of the brain in cerebrovascular insufficiency in children with asthma.
Determination of ways of improving the system of medical provision of school-age children using swot-analysis
Authors:   State Institution ", Peresypkina T. V. ,   Institute for Children and Adolescents Health Care of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine", Holubnicha O. O. ,   State Institution "Institute for Children and Adolescents Health Care of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine", Peresypkina A. M. ,   State Institution "Institute for Children and Adolescents Health Care of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine"
Published: April 2021

The search for ways to effectively provide medical care to the child population is an urgent issue of our time. With the participation of experts, a SWOT analysis of the organization of medical support for schoolchildren in modern conditions was carried out. The strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of medical support for schoolchildren are identified, which contributes to the identification of promising directions for improving medical care for children in the conditions of general educational institutions. So, in the absence of an alternative system of medical support for schoolchildren, existing experience of medical personnel and institutions that have the practice of training school health workers, it is advisable to clearly build the vertical of the school health system, consolidate at the legislative level competencies of medical personnel and credentials, an algorithm for improving their skills in health matters and health-saved programs. The nearest threat is the turnover of medical personnel from educational institutions through a decrease in the attractiveness of medical work in schools, which will help to limit the preventive capabilities of the health care system for children in educational institutions. The directions determined by the results of the SWOT analysis will make it possible to make informed management decisions, to coordinate activities in a timely manner and to use the available opportunities most effectively in order to improve the system of medical support for children in the conditions of general secondary education.