bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sleep disorders in patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Santiago Therese , Simbre Isabel , DelRosso Lourdes M.
Published: December 2024

Patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder are presumed to be at higher risk of sleep disorders due to the potential interference that persistent thoughts and compulsions may exert on sleep. Although there are studies on sleep findings in patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder, there are few systematic reviews on the presence of sleep disorders in patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder for adults and children. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to perform a comprehensive search of PubMed and Web of Science using the MeSH terms “obsessive‐compulsive disorder” and “sleep wake disorders”. The exclusion criteria included publications not in English, studies performed on non‐humans, abstracts, reviews, and meta‐analyses. After applying the exclusion criteria, 17 studies qualified for inclusion in this systematic review. Nine studies were written about children and eight on adults. In the adult studies, sleep questionnaires, actigraphy and dim light melatonin onset showed delayed circadian rhythm in those with obsessive‐compulsive disorder. Several studies showed an increased prevalence of insomnia in adult patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder. Overall, these studies showed sleep‐onset and maintenance insomnia, and poor sleep quality. In the paediatric studies, sleep questionnaires revealed that paediatric patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder have increased sleep‐related problems, including poor sleep quality, difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep, nightmares and sleepwalking. Two studies using actigraphy demonstrated a decreased total sleep time, increased wake after sleep onset and increased duration of awakening. Studies also showed an improvement in sleep symptoms with cognitive behavioural therapy. The systematic review has shown increased sleep‐related problems and poor sleep quality both in adult and paediatric patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder. All patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder should therefore be screened for sleep‐related problems to help in the overall outcome of treatment plans.
Youth With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders Have More Sleep Disturbances. A School‐Based Study
Authors: Santucci Neha R. , Velasco‐Benitez Carlos Alberto , Velasco‐Suarez Daniela Alejandra , King Christopher , Byars Kelly , Dye Thomas , Li Jesse , Saps Miguel
Published: December 2024

Background

There is a bidirectional relationship between sleep and pain disturbances. Sleep disturbances increase the risk for chronic pain, while chronic pain can interfere with sleep. Hence, we assessed the subjective sleep characteristics of youth with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) compared to healthy youth and examined associations with gastrointestinal symptoms.

Methods

We included youth ages 10–18 years without a sleep or organic GI disorder diagnosis from a large private school. Participants completed demographics, sleep history, and validated questionnaires: sleep quality (ASWS‐SF), insomnia (PISI), daytime sleepiness (ESS), sleep disturbance (PROMIS SD), sleep‐related impairment (PROMIS SRI), and Rome 4 diagnostic questionnaire. Cases (FAPDs) completed abdominal pain index (API), nausea severity (NSS), anxiety, depression (PROMIS), and functional disability (FDI). Parents filled sleep hygiene metrics (SHIP). Cases were matched 1:1 with controls based on age and gender.

Results

Of 120 youth (60 cases and 60 controls), the mean age was 13.5 ± 1.9 years and 50% were females. Youth with FAPDs had higher insomnia, sleep disturbance, sleep‐related impairment, daytime sleepiness, sleep hygiene, gasping, and nightmares than healthy youth (p < 0.05). Higher insomnia severity was associated with worse abdominal pain (r = 0.41, p < 0.01), higher daytime sleepiness with a family history of disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBIs, OR = 14.7, p = 0.002), and higher sleep‐related impairment (OR = 5.6, p = 0.02) and depression (OR = 6.1, p = 0.01) with black race.

Conclusion

Youth with FAPDs have worse sleep than healthy youth and multiple sleep parameters are associated with abdominal pain. Future studies could focus on determining mechanisms by which sleep disturbances affect abdominal pain and vice versa.
Interaction Between Sclerostin and Mast Cells in Fibro‐Osseous Lesions of the Jaws
Authors: Schulz Riéli Elis , Abrão‐Neto Michel Calil , Claudio Thiago Pires , de Souza Vinícius Gonçalves , Rivero Elena Riet Correa , Gondak Rogério Oliveira , Rabelo Gustavo Davi
Published: December 2024

Objective

To assess the sclerostin, β‐catenin, and tryptase expression in fibro‐osseous lesions (FOL) of the jaws.

Subjects and Methods

Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed for these proteins on FOL and non‐lesional bone. The sclerostin‐positive cells were scored from 0 (no expression) to 3 (high expression).

Results

We analyzed 46 FOL biopsies and selected 38 patients. Categorization showed 15 fibrous dysplasia (FD), eight juvenile trabecular ossifying fibroma (JTOF), two psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (PsOF), and 13 FOL. We found more sclerostin‐positive cells in fibrous tissue than in bone, showing a phenotype like mast cells with strong dot‐cytoplasmic positivity. The analysis of sclerostin‐positive cell lesions (scored as 2 and 3) showed also tryptase positivity in 80.9% of 21 biopsies. β‐catenin was diffusely expressed on the fibrous component, mostly with cytosol staining. Non‐lesional bone showed sclerostin expression in medullary spaces and a few osteocytes.

Conclusions

Sclerostin‐positive cells are mostly found in the fibrous tissue of FOL, and the tryptase mast cell marker was present in most of the lesions that were positive for sclerostin.
HELP‐KIDNEY: Health Literacy and Patient Outcomes in Pediatric Kidney Transplant
Authors: Haubrich Kathryn , Broad Katherine , Hind Tatsuma , Blydt‐Hansen Tom
Published: December 2024

Background

Below adequate health literacy is common and linked to increased risk of adverse health outcomes. Supporting optimal health following kidney transplantation requires the capacity to understand health information and make decisions about care. The impact of low health literacy in the context of pediatric kidney transplant has not previously been studied.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study sought to determine the relationship between caregiver or patient health literacy and healthcare utilization (outpatient hospital visits, days in hospital) and to explore relationships between health literacy and adherence to tacrolimus (trough level coefficient of variation) and allograft function post‐transplant.

Results

Forty patients were included in the analysis. 60% were identified as having adequate literacy using the Newest Vital Sign (NVS). Lower health literacy was significantly correlated with increased healthcare utilization in the first 3 months post‐transplant (rs = −0.36, p = 0.024) and in the first year post‐transplant (rs = −0.35, p = 0.029). No association was demonstrated between health literacy level and number of days admitted to the hospital (rs = −0.16, p = 0.321), adherence to tacrolimus 6–12 months post‐transplant (rs = 0.078, p = 0.68), or change in allograft function 2 years post‐transplant (rs = −0.13, p = 0.43).

Conclusion

Limited health literacy is common in pediatric kidney transplant recipients and families and is associated with increased frequency of hospital and outpatient clinic department visits early post‐transplant. In this small‐sized cohort, we did not identify a relationship between health literacy level and hospitalization days, allograft function, or tacrolimus adherence. Larger studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between health literacy and transplant outcomes in children and test interventions that may improve communication and optimize care.
Dark tourism in Timor‐Leste: An examination of foreign tourists' visits to the Santa Cruz cemetery and the Comarca Balide prison via analysis of Tripadvisor reviews
Authors: Rothschild Amy
Published: December 2024

During the brutal Indonesian occupation of Timor‐Leste from 1975 to 1999, over 100,000 Timorese out of an estimated population of 650,000 lost their lives; thousands more suffered a range of horrific human rights violations. This paper discusses ‘dark tourism’—tourism linked with this violent past—in Timor‐Leste's post‐independence era. The paper focuses its analysis of dark tourism on two of the most well‐known tourist sites linked with the Indonesian past, both sites of former violence: the Santa Cruz cemetery and the Comarca Balide prison. It looks specifically at international tourists' experiences at the two sites. The paper contributes to debates over the morality of dark tourism, as well as to human rights and transitional justice literatures that examine how memorialisation efforts play out on the ground. It argues, among other things, that a view of dark tourism as purely amoral thrill‐seeking or voyeurism should be tempered. The case of Timor‐Leste shows us instead that dark tourism can play an important role in individuals' attempts to understand, learn more about, and otherwise make meaning out of complicated pasts of violence.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIA: A MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION STUDY ON GREEN VS. CONVENTIONAL BUILDINGS
Authors: Ab. Rahim Nurain , Md Ali Abd. Halim
Published: December 2024

This study presents a detailed comparison of energy consumption between green and conventional commercial buildings by analyzing actual energy usage against benchmarks derived using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Building Energy Intensity (BEI). MLR, selected for its statistical robustness and ease of implementation, incorporates variables such as Cooling Degree Days (CDD), temperature, humidity, rainfall intensity, wind speed, and number of working days as independent factors. The study evaluates energy consumption across 20 office buildings in Klang Valley, Malaysia, from 2019 to 2023. The findings indicate that both green and conventional buildings generally consumed less energy than their benchmarks. In terms of the difference between actual energy consumption and the benchmarks; green buildings recorded a narrower gap (26.49%) than conventional buildings (34.99%). However, green buildings consistently achieved superior energy efficiency, with BEI values ranging from 110 to 150, compared to 170 to 220 for conventional buildings. A notable reduction in energy usage occurred from 2020 to 2021 due to COVID-19-related remote work environment, though BEI slightly increased in 2023 with the normalization of operations. Energy label ratings further highlighted green buildings' superior performance, with 42% achieving a 4-star rating, while 80% of conventional buildings received only 2-star ratings. The results emphasize the importance of green building practices, demonstrating their long-term benefits in reducing energy consumption and achieving higher energy efficiency for sustainable living. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers, developers, and stakeholders, underscoring the need for sustained efforts in energy saving and innovation to enhance building energy performance.
Development and Functional Assessment of Wearable Assistive Device with Vibration Motor for Blind and Vision Impaired Persons (BVIP)
Authors: Mohd Azam Nur Syahira , Shafii Nadia Shaira , Md Khudzari Ahmad Zahran , Kahar Osman  , Ahmad Shafi Aisyah , Kori Mohamad Ikhwan
Published: December 2024

World Health Organization (WHO) stated that about 2.2 billion Blind and Vision Impaired Persons (BVIP) worldwide. There are a few types of developed and commercialised assistive devices such as walking canes and Electronic Travel Aids (ETA) to assist them. However, these devices are not hands-free, do not utilize audio output, and lack location tracking features. This study proposes a comfortable, integrated wearable system for blind and visually impaired persons (BVIP) that concurrently detects obstacles and tracks their location remotely. The established algorithm using the Arduino Uno will be integrated into the ultrasonic sensors, and PWM vibration motors before being attached to a wearable jacket. The sensor detection and battery performance tests were conducted. This is to ensure good accuracy of obstacle detection on different surfaces either outdoor or indoor environments also verifying the battery lifespan quality is adequate for daily usage by the user. In conclusion, the proposed hands-free wearable navigation assistive device showed the ability of the ultrasonic sensor in detecting obstacles in indoor and outdoor areas up to 98.66% and 98.0%, with a rechargeable battery performance of up to 7 hours and 45 minutes per cycle. This shows that the device has the potential to help users use it effectively daily.
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by using Centella asiatica Plant Extract
Authors: Rijallulah Nur Nadhirah , Mohd Yusoff Hanis , Badar Nurhanna , Mohd Marzuki Nur Izzati
Published: December 2024

Green synthesis is an environmentally friendly way of producing nanoparticles that avoids the use of harmful chemicals, high temperatures, and expensive equipment in standard physical and chemical synthesis processes. In the current work, an environmentally friendly method was employed to produce zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using Centella asiatica leaf extract that act as a reducing agent. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy were used to characterise the synthesized ZnO-NPs. From FTIR, the peaks at wavenumber 650 cm-1 and 415 cm-1 represent Zn-O stretching. Through X-ray diffractograms, 11 peaks appear for ZnO-NPs, and the most intense peaks (100), (002) and (101) represent hexagonal quartzite structure. SEM images revealed the smallest size range of ZnO-NPs obtained is about 100 nm to 200 nm with mixtures of rod-like and spherical shapes. The Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) of ZnO-NPs exhibited at 375 nm. In conclusion, the green synthesis approach is quick, cheap, and environmentally friendly, and it produces stable ZnO-NPs comparable with chemical synthesis ZnO-NPs and has a variety of industrial and environmental applications.
Antibacterial Wound Healing Application of Bio-Inspired Green Silver Nanoparticles: A Review
Authors: Malek Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik , Shamsuddin Mustaffa , Matmin Juan , Jemon Khairunadwa , Samad Azman Abd , Hassan Muhammad Hariz Asraf , Susanto Hendra
Published: December 2024

There is a high demand for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a highly effective antimicrobial agent due to its unique properties. However, conventional synthesis methods utilizing toxic chemical reducing agents impose limitations on its applications. Besides, the infected wound by bacteria could increase treatment cost burdening the low-income communities. To address this challenge, a greener approach employing bioresources such as plant extracts as reducing agents has been explored, with the potential to facilitate the utilization of AgNPs in human wound healing applications. This paper reviews development of biosynthesized AgNPs as antimicrobial wound healing agent. The biosynthesized AgNPs using bioresources such as plant extract and microorganisms are effective antimicrobial agent against various types of bacteria related to the wound such as Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. At the same time, these biosynthesized AgNPs could accelerate the wound healing process as proven by the in vitro cell study and in vivo animal testing, as compared to the control samples. Hence, the biosynthesized AgNPs could be applied as antimicrobial wound healing agent.
Effect of Local Preservatives on Improving the Shelf Life of Soymilk
Authors: Ndejiko Mohammed Jibrin , Aisha Idris , Aishat Sani Rabiu , Abdullahi Mohammed , Legbo Muhammad Isah
Published: December 2024

The ensuing increase in soymilk consumption has led to small-scale production of milk under household conditions, with little or no consideration of quality control measures. Local preservatives are nowadays applied to preserve many local drinks. This study determines the effect of local preservatives on improving the shelf-life of soymilk. Clean soybean seeds collected from local markets were soaked, blended, and filtered to obtain soymilk. Extracts of certain spices (garlic, ginger, and clove) were added at various concentrations, singly and in combination, coupled with pasteurization and refrigeration. Standard microbiological techniques such as the pour plate method and culturing were used to enumerate and isolate spoilage microorganisms in the sample over the test period. Results obtained showed that the combination of ginger-clove extract was more effective, it preserved the soymilk sample for 10 days. The spices could be used for a certain period to extend the shelf life of soymilk and they could also be used as an alternative source of natural antimicrobial substance in Soymilk. The microorganisms isolated from the spoiling soymilk after 10 days include Pseudomonas spp. Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus lentulus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer and Trichosporon asahil.  The isolation of these spoilage organisms after a given period implies that the preservative effect of the local spices used in this study is time dependent. The synergetic use of ginger, clove, and other local preservatives as preservatives for local drinks should be explored further and optimized.
Phytochemical Attributes and Pharmacological Activities of Genus Leucas: A Mini Review
Authors: Selahuddeen Muhammad Luqman , Mohd Salleh Noor Aida Fazira , Lee Fui Lin , Manisekaran Hemagirri , Bouguerra Marouane Dhia Eddine , Wan Mohd Samsudin Wan Nur Aqilah , Hashim Siti Ernieyanti , Abdul Wahab Roswanira , A. Samad Abdul Fatah , Abdullah Faizuan
Published: December 2024

The genus Leucas is among the plethora of ethnobotanical species with promising applications in traditional medicines to treat different ailments. Despite extensive studies on the Leucas genus, the focus has largely been on their ethnobotanical importance alongside a modest number of studies on their phytochemical- or pharmacological attributes, including but not limited to antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anthelmintic. In this review, phytochemical data alongside pharmacological activities of several notable species in the Leucas genus are compiled. The review focuses on the chemical constituents and essential oils that several species from this genus produce. Previous studies on the prominent species of this genus reported the presence of many beneficial chemical constituents, such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and alkaloids, that are substantial to the genus's pharmacological activities. However, these studies are preliminary in the sense that the proven in vitro activities are not further studied on the molecular level, efficacy, toxicity, and clinical levels. Insight into the pharmacological activities are discussed in this review: anthelmintic, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diarrheal, anti-diabetic, and anti-nociceptive alongside hepato-protective activities. The lack of extensive in vivo studies but the immense medicinal potential is viewed as an opportunity for further studies on the genus.
Alginate Chitosan Amine-Functionalized Silica-Coated as an Adsorbent for Magnetic Micro Solid-Phase Extraction of Bisphenol A from Canned Food Sample
Authors: Sapin Noreha , Md Yusoff Nur ‘Afifah , Dagil Gimba Joshua , Abdul Keyon Aemi Syazwani
Published: December 2024

A magnetic micro-solid phase extraction (M-μ-SPE) coupled with UV-visible spectrophotometry was developed to analyze Bisphenol A (BPA) in canned food. The method utilized alginate chitosan amine-functionalized silica-coated (alg/Cs-NH2-SiO2/Fe3O4) as an adsorbent. Optimized parameters, including sample pH, adsorbent mass, extraction time, and solvent desorption volume, were chosen to enhance separation and extraction efficiency. The maximum signal of BPA was achieved when extracted using 80 mg of adsorbent at sample pH 6, followed by desorption with 500 μL of ACN. The adsorption process was rapid and completed within 30 seconds, with UV detection at 275 nm. Calibration curves exhibited good linearity from 0.5 to 10 mg/L (R² = 0.9982). The method demonstrated an LOD {3.3 (S/N)} of 1.11 mg/L and LOQ {10 (S/N)} of 3.3 mg/L, with good repeatability (RSD < 8.7% for n = 3). Recoveries of spiked BPA (0.5-10 mg/L) ranged from 87.5% to 106.8%. Analysis of canned sardine (85% recovery) and canned lychee (93% recovery) samples showed promising results with RSD < 9%. This study indicates that M-μ-SPE coupled with UV-visible spectrophotometry was a rapid and reliable method for BPA analysis in canned food.
Feasibility of ultraportable US in detecting clinically concerning recurrent pneumothorax in patients with chest trauma
Authors: Al Tannir Abdul Hafiz , Pokrzywa Courtney , Murphy Patrick B , Biesboer Elise A , Figueroa Juan , Karam Basil S , DeMoya Marc , Carver Thomas
Published: December 2024

Background

Bedside thoracic ultrasound (US) offers numerous advantages over chest X-ray (CXR) for identification of recurrent pneumothoraces (PTX) after tube thoracostomy (TT) removal. Technologic advancements have led to the development of hand-held devices capable of producing high-quality images termed ultra-portable US (UPUS). We hypothesized that UPUS would be as successful as CXR in detecting post-TT removal PTX and would be preferred by patients.

Methods

We conducted a single-center prospective, feasibility, study at a level I trauma center investigating the use of UPUS in patients with trauma with TT placement. UPUS images were obtained daily while the TT was in place and post-TT removal (ranging from 1 through 6 hours). A clinically concerning PTX on UPUS was defined as the absence of lung sliding on two or more intercostal spaces. Poststudy Likert surveys were administered to assess patient preferences.

Results

Ninety-two patients were included in the analysis. The majority were men (87%), and the median age was 47 years. Thirty-five patients (36%) had discordant imaging findings. There were 11 clinically concerning PTX, of which 10 (91%) were detected on UPUS and 8 (73%) on CXR. Three patients required an intervention for post-pull PTX, all of whom were identified on UPUS. Eighty-four percent (N=70) of surveyed patients preferred UPUS over CXR with 92% reporting no discomfort with UPUS compared with 49% with CXR.

Conclusion

Bedside UPUS is preferred by patients and can successfully identify clinically concerning post-TT removal PTX. Implementation of UPUS as a post-TT removal diagnostic tool is a safe and effective alternative to CXR.

Level of evidence

Level II, diagnostic tests or criteria.
Conditionally accepted sampling: AB15 IO scheme with smaller deviation ratio
Authors: Chen Jiangshan , Hu Yupu , Dong Siyue
Published: December 2024

Indistinguishable Obfuscation(IO) is a very critical cryptography primitive. It can be used to construct almost any other cryptography schemes. AB15 indistinguishability obfuscation scheme is the first practical scheme. In order to avoid the ideal generator can be searched, authors of AB15 IO scheme set it to a relatively large size (In fact, such ideal generator should be a “small prime”). It causes the ratio of the standard deviation of Gaussian sampling and the size of ideal generator smaller. We call the ratio as “deviation ratio”.

In this paper, we point that direct sampling and smaller deviation ratio makes the scheme insecure. A searching attack can reveal hidden coefficients of original boolean circuit from its obfuscator. Firstly, the attacker searches those level-0 encodings of 0, hoping that the code value is 0. Such event happens with probability [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] as the deviation ratio. By a series of searching, a weak obfuscator with prime module can be obtained. Then, the attacker can obtain all hidden coefficients of original boolean circuit. Take [Formula: see text] as the dimension of independent variable, [Formula: see text] as the dimension of coefficient of original boolean circuit. For Simple Obfuscator, searching time is [Formula: see text], and the probability that one successfully reveals hidden coefficients of original boolean circuit is about [Formula: see text]. For Robust Obfuscator, searching time and success probability are respectively [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. At last, we present a revised scheme with “conditionally accepted sampling” and smaller deviation ratio. The new scheme avoids above mentioned attack and greatly reduce the size complexity.
Casimir–Polder interaction between an atom and a Chern insulator: topological signature and long-range repulsion
Authors: Lu Bing-Sui
Published: December 2024

We consider the Casimir–Polder interaction between a two-level atomic system and a Chern insulator for both the resonant and nonresonant channels. For a right circularly polarized excited atomic state near a Chern insulator with a negative Chern number C, the resonant Casimir–Polder force can be monotonically repulsive over a large range of separations. In the presence of the same Chern insulator, a right circularly polarized metastable atomic state is expected to experience a repulsive nonresonant Casimir–Polder force over a certain range of atom-surface separations in the far-field region. At still greater separations, the nonresonant Casimir–Polder force is expected to become attractive and exhibit a topological signature, being proportional to [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the fine-structure constant.
Combined effect of absorption coefficient, polarization modes and decentred parameter on self-focusing of cosh-Gaussian laser beams with collisionless magnetized plasma
Authors: Vhanmore Bandopant D. , Rajmane Swapnali P. , Sadale Shivaji B. , Patil Sandip D. , Shinde Harish M. , Kamble Ravi J. , Gaikwad Pratapsingh V. , Khandale Kalyani Y. , Takale Mansing V.
Published: December 2024

This study deals with an investigation of self-focusing of cosh-Gaussian laser beams with two polarization modes as extraordinary (E-mode) and ordinary (O-mode) with absorption coefficient and decentred parameter in magnetized plasma. The authors in this study believe that nonlinear dielectric constant of plasma medium is primarily triggered by the ponderomotive mechanism. Further, the nonlinear coupled differential equations for beam width parameters in both the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] dimensions of the beams are derived using Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) and paraxial approximations (PRA) with a parabolic equation approach. The relationship between beam width parameters and dimensionless distance of propagation is visually depicted using various plasma parameters as well as those from the general beam family. Moreover, the effects of absorption, polarization modes, and the decentred parameter highlight the complexities of beam width parameters.
Effective Dynamics of Qubit Networks via Phase-Covariant Quantum Ensembles
Authors: Prudhoe Sean , Akhouri Unnati , Chin Tommy , Shandera Sarah
Published: December 2024

We derive a new constructive procedure to rapidly generate ensembles of phase-covariant dynamical maps that may be associated to the individual spins of a closed quantum system. We do this by first computing the single-spin dynamical maps in small XXZ networks and chains, specialized to the class of initial states that guarantees phase-covariant dynamics for each spin. Since the dynamics in any small, closed system contains oscillatory features associated to the system size, we define an averaging procedure to extract time-homogeneous dynamics. We use the the average map and the set of deviations from the average map in the exactly derived ensembles to motivate the form of distributional functions for map parameters. The distributions then straightforwardly generate arbitrary-sized ensembles of channels, constrained by a few global properties. This procedure can also generate ensembles where individual maps are not phase-covariant although the average map is, corresponding to realizations of disordered, or noisy, Hamiltonians. The construction procedure suggests new ways to realize random families of open-system dynamics, subject to constraints that require the ensemble to approximate a partition of a closed system.
Project Silica: Towards Sustainable Cloud Archival Storage in Glass
Authors: Anderson Patrick , Aranas Erika , Assaf Youssef , Behrendt Raphael , Black Richard , Caballero Marco , Cameron Pashmina , Canakci Burcu , Chatzieleftheriou Andromachi , Clarke Rebekah , Clegg James , Cletheroe Daniel , Cooper Bridgette , De Carvalho Thales , Deegan Tim , Donnelly Austin , Drevinskas Rokas , Gaunt Alexander , Gkantsidis Christos , Gomez Diaz Ariel , Haller Istvan , Hong Freddie , Ilieva Teodora , Joshi Shashidhar , Joyce Russell , Kunkel William , Lara David , Legtchenko Sergey , Liu Fanglin , Magalhaes Bruno , Marzoev Alana , McNett Marvin , Mohan Jayashree , Myrah Michael , Nguyen Truong , Nowozin Sebastian , Ogus Aaron , Overweg Hiske , Rowstron Antony , Sah Maneesh , Sakakura Masaaki , Scholtz Peter , Schreiner Nina , Sella Omer , Smith Adam , Stefanovici Ioan , Sweeney David , Thomsen Benn , Verkes Govert , Wainman Phil , Westcott Jonathan , Weston Luke , Whittaker Charles , Wilke Berenguer Pablo , Williams Hugh , Winkler Thomas , Winzeck Stefan
Published: December 2024

Sustainable and cost-effective long-term storage remains an unsolved problem. The most widely used storage technologies today are magnetic (hard disk drives and tape). They use media that degrades over time and has a limited lifetime, which leads to inefficient, wasteful, and costly solutions for long-lived data. This article presents Silica: the first cloud storage system for archival data underpinned by quartz glass, an extremely resilient media that allows data to be left
in situ
indefinitely. The hardware and software of Silica have been co-designed and co-optimized from the media up to the service level with sustainability as a primary objective. The design follows a cloud-first, data-driven methodology underpinned by principles derived from analyzing the archival workload of a large public cloud service. Silica can support a wide range of archival storage workloads and ushers in a new era of sustainable, cost-effective storage.
Remark on Regularity Criterion for Weak Solutions to 3D Shear Thinning Fluids
Authors: Kim Jae-Myoung
Published: December 2024

We establish the regularity criterion of weak solutions to the incompressible non‐Newtonian fluids with shear thinning viscosity in the whole space for in viewpoint of Vishik spaces.

MSC2010 Classification: 76D05, 35Q35
Effects of Health Information Communication Based on Social Media Usage in Promoting HPV Vaccination Intention in China
Authors: Zhang Ke , Liang Jianfei , Hou Jiayi , Han Boya , Zhao Yuezhu , Jin Ting , Yang Huan , Chen Long
Published: December 2024

With the gradual promotion of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in mainland China, social media has been suggested as an important channel for disseminating HPV‐related information and promoting vaccination behaviors. This study explored the mechanism that health information communication based on social media usage affects HPV vaccination intention, i.e., examining the mediating effects of external factors (information credibility and information satisfaction) and internal factors (personal health beliefs) between social media use and HPV vaccination intention, and examining the potential moderating effect of subjective norms and health literacy on the key independent variables and the outcome variables. A total of 2552 cross‐sectional sample data (through random sampling and based on the 95% confidence level with population size > 100,000) were collected through an online questionnaire in April 2022. The results based on mediating analyses indicated that information credibility, information satisfaction, and health belief all positively mediated the relationship between social media use and HPV vaccination intentions (p < 0.001). In addition, subjective norms and health literacy separately moderated the relationship between social media use and information credibility and between social media use and information satisfaction. This study provides insights for the community to promote HPV vaccination intention by utilizing social media information communication. Specifically, we identify that information satisfaction, information credibility, and health beliefs are positively associated with social media use, thereby contributing to healthy behaviors.
Understanding the Influence of Rheology on Biofilm Adhesion and Implication for Food Safety
Authors: Adeboye Adedola , Onyeaka Helen , Al-Sharify Zainab , Nnaji Nnabueze
Published: December 2024

Understanding biofilm rheology is crucial for industrial and domestic food safety practices. This comprehensive review addresses the knowledge gap on the rheology of biofilm. Specifically, the review explores the influence of fluid flow, shear stress, and substrate properties on the initiation, structure, and functionality of biofilms, as essential implications for food safety. The viscosity and shear‐thinning characteristics of non‐Newtonian fluids may impact the attachment and detachment dynamics of biofilms, influencing their stability and resilience under different flow conditions. The discussion spans multiple facets, including the role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) in biofilm formation, the impact of rheological attributes of biofilm on their adhesion to surfaces, and the influence of shear forces between biofilms and substrate’s surface characteristics on biofilm stability. Analytical techniques, encompassing rheometry, microscopy, and molecular biology approaches, are scrutinized for their contributions to understanding these interactions. The paper delves into the implications for the food industry, highlighting potential risks associated with biofilm formation and proposing strategies for effective control and prevention. Future research directions and the integration of rheological considerations into food safety regulations are underscored as pivotal steps in mitigating biofilm‐related risks. The synthesis of microbiology, materials science, and engineering perspectives offers a multidimensional exploration of rheology–biofilm interactions, laying the groundwork for informed interventions in diverse industrial settings.
Cone‐Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of the Mandibular Condyle and Articular Spaces Following Orthognathic Surgery Using Freehand Articulation Method in Patients With Class II and III Skeletal Deformity
Authors: Abbasi Amir Jalal , Azadbakht Mojtaba , Mosavat Farzaneh , Bayati Mahsa
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aimed to assess the changes in the position and size of articular spaces and anteroposterior and mediolateral condyle dimensions following orthognathic surgery. Additionally, it evaluated the correlation between these changes and mandibular movement during surgery.

Methods: This experimental study examined 31 patients (16 with Class III and 15 with Class II malocclusions) who were candidates for orthognathic surgery. Bimaxillary orthognathic surgery was performed on 23 patients, while monomaxillary orthognathic surgery (mandible) was performed on 8 patients. Condyle positioning was achieved using the classic method. In pre‐ and postsurgical cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, the anteroposterior and mediolateral dimensions of the condyle and spaces and the intercondylar angle were measured. The results were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, with a p‐value of less than 0.05 considered significant.

Results: The medial and lateral condyle dimensions and the upper articular space did not change significantly after orthognathic surgery in both Class II and III groups. However, the posterior articular space dimensions showed a statistically significant reduction in both groups. Although the anterior articular space dimensions increased in both groups, this increase was significant only in the Class II group. Additionally, there was a significant relationship between the extent of mandibular advancement or setback and changes in both groups’ anterior and posterior articular space dimensions and the upper articular space dimensions in the Class II group.

Conclusion: The classic method for condyle positioning is a suitable approach for orthognathic surgery. The most notable changes were observed in the anterior and posterior articular spaces, likely due to the backward force applied to the proximal part during the fixation stage. According to the evaluations and Spearman’s rho, the likelihood of changes in anterior and posterior articular space dimensions increases with more significant advancement and setback.
Evaluation of Priming Techniques for Enhancement of Maize Inbred Line Seed Germination Parameters
Authors: Bekele Getahun , Ashagre Habtamu , Gudeta Bedane
Published: December 2024

Due to inadequate germination, emergence, and seedling stand establishment of inbred lines, hybrid seed multiplication results in poor performance and nonuniform seedlings in the field. Therefore, to assess the effect of various seed priming methods on maize inbred line seed germination measures, a laboratory experiment with 22 treatments in a completely randomized design with four replications was carried out in a controlled environment of Ambo Seed Quality Control Laboratory, Oromia Agricultural Input and Product Regulatory Authority. The treatment consisted of seeds that were hormone‐primed in gibberellic acid (GA3) at levels of 100, 200, and 300 ppm; haloprimed in ZnSO4 at levels of 1%, 2%, and 3%; and hydroprimed in distilled water for 12, 24, and 36 h. As a control, unprimed seeds were utilized. The study revealed that priming agent, duration, and their interactions had a significant (p < 0.5) effect on the examined seed germination metrics. The maximum germination percentages (96.5% and 96.25%) were recorded from seeds primed with 2% ZnSO4 for 24 and 12 h, which improved by 11.56% and 11.27%, respectively. Priming the inbred line seed with GA3 at 200 ppm for 36 h improves germination index and vigor index I and reduces mean germination time. Seeds primed with 3% ZnSO4 and GA3 at 200 ppm for 36 h gave the maximum root length (15.31 cm) and shoot length (13.50 cm), respectively, compared to the control treatment. Therefore, to improve the germination problem of the maize inbred line, it is advised seed producers to use a 2% ZnSO4 solution for 24 h. However, if ZnSO4 and GA3 are not available, hydropriming for 36 h is more cost‐effective, produces less waste, and is easier to implement.
Total Length–Weight Relationships and Condition Factor of Invasive Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) in Caohai Lake, China
Authors: Zhang Shuhai , Xiong Wei , Wang Zhenlu , Gan Lei , Ding Xiantao , He Haoyu , Zhou Yuebing , Xiang Tao , Ju Tao , Shi Lei , An Miao , Dong Xianghong
Published: December 2024

Caohai Lake, hailed as a gem on the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, is currently being faced with serious biological invasion threats. Among the most influential invasive species, the Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) is causing various adverse effects on the lake’s ecosystem. However, there has been little attention paid to this issue for a long time. In light of this, this study conducted a sample collection in August 2022 to investigate the total length–weight relationships (LWRs) and condition factors (K) of the target species with the aim of providing fundamental data for the upcoming ecological restoration in Caohai Lake. The results are as follows: (1) P. clarkii was distributed throughout the lake, with females exhibiting larger body sizes than males; (2) the LWRs were expressed as: W♂ = 2 × 10−6 TL3.66 (R2 = 0.90 and n = 227); W♀ = 4 × 10−6 TL3.39 (R2 = 0.95 and n = 259), both showing positive allometric growth pattern and indicating, the weight gain rate of males is significantly faster than that of females during the growth period; (3) the K was 0.27 ± 0.04%, indicating robustness in P. clarkii in the lake. These findings underscore that urgent scientific measures should be taken to handle the rapid invasion of P. clarkii in Caohai Lake.
Inverse Fuzzy‐Directed Graph With an Application in Traffic Flow Problem
Authors: Keerthana R. , Venkatesh S. , Gobithaasan R. U. , Salah Jamal
Published: December 2024

The fuzzy‐directed graph is an efficient tool to deal with the directional relationships among the nodes that possess imprecise and uncertain information. To handle the membership value of the edges that provide greater effect when two nodes are combined, we introduce inverse fuzzy‐directed graph (IFDG) . In this article, we introduce various types of subgraphs of IFDG, the degree of IFDG, and the underlying graph of IFDG. In addition, various IFDG operations, quasidirected union, quasidirected cartesian product, and converse of IFDG are defined and discussed in detail. Furthermore, the notion of isomorphism is defined for . Vertex connectedness of IFDG and its various forms, strongly connected, partially semiconnected, and weakly connected are introduced for and their related results are discussed briefly. Also, the necessary and sufficient conditions for strongly connected, partially semiconnected, and weakly connected IFDGS have been proven. The concluding segment demonstrates the practicality of employing the IFDG algorithm to identify the most congested traffic flows in Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, India.
Social Representation, Stereotypes and Social Identity Pertaining to Nursing Through Children’s Drawings: A Qualitative Study
Authors: García-Navarro E. Begoña , Cáceres Titos María José , Pascual Iván Rodríguez
Published: December 2024

Aim: The aim of this study is to explore children’s depictions of nursing professionals, identifying shared and differential visual and symbolic elements as a function of gender, the period during which the drawing was made (pre‐/postpandemic) and whether or not one has a relative who works in the same profession.

Background: Drawing circumnavigates the limits imposed by literacy and gives a voice to children who are able to express their personal feelings and subconscious through the drawn object. Theories of social representations and identity strive to explore the way in which children perceive and value the role of nurses in society.

Methods: With the question, ‘what is nursing to you?’ providing the foundation, qualitative visual analysis was performed based on bottom‐up inductive logic, analysing 105 drawings through the software CAQDAS Atlas‐ti.

Results: Nine categories emerged that corresponded to uniform, typically used tools, represented functions, decorative elements, associated individuals, work setting and facial expression. Differences were identified as a function of the gender of the child respondent, familiarity with the profession and the period during which the drawing was made (pre‐/postpandemic).

Conclusion: The present research strives to contribute towards understanding of perceptions of nursing figures in the symbolic world of children, taking a more complete look at the view children have of nursing and the way in which they conceive and value healthcare and caring for health.
Performance of Real‐Time Hybrid Simulation for Hunting Dampers of High‐Speed Trains
Authors: Wang Zhen , Xiao Jiajun , Zhang Baoan , Yang Ge , Wu Bin , Jia Xuejun
Published: December 2024

One favorable solution to the issue of hunting instability of high‐speed trains is to install hunting dampers. However, the nonlinearity of dampers and their interaction with a train present significant challenges in accurately analyzing the dynamic behaviors of both dampers and trains. To address these challenges, we present and investigate a real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) for hunting dampers of high‐speed trains and propose an improved two‐stage adaptive time‐delay compensation method to resolve its demanding delay issue. This innovative approach combines a numerical train model with a full‐scale physical hunting damper, providing a versatile method for simulating and analyzing various dynamic behaviors. The train model incorporates 17 degrees of freedom and accounts for the nonlinear wheel–rail contact relationship to more faithfully represent the dynamic response of the train. A virtual RTHS platform with a loading system model has been developed. Both numerical simulations on this platform and real tests are conducted using the RTHS approach. Results demonstrate that time delays can reduce the hunting stability of a high‐speed train, and the improved two‐stage adaptive time‐delay compensation method outperforms other comparative methods. This research reveals the feasibility and efficacy of the RTHS method for hunting dampers of high‐speed trains.
Hubungan Intensitas Cahaya Ruangan Dengan Timbulnya Keluhan Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) Pada Pengguna Komputer di Warnet Kota Malang
Authors: Islamy Alifannisa Hasnur
Published: December 2024

Pendahuluan: Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) adalah sekelompok gangguan mata dan penglihatan yang terjadi selama penggunaan komputer. CVS merupakan salah satu masalah pada kesehatan akibat meningkatnya penggunaan komputer. Salah satu faktor penyebab CVS adalah lingkungan dengan pencahayaan yang tidak sesuai. Akan tetapi, di Indonesia penelitian intensitas cahaya dengan CVS masih tergolong sedikit. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan intensitas cahaya ruangan dengan timbulnya keluhan Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) pada pengguna komputer di warnet Kota Malang.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross-sectional dan menggunakan kuisioner CVS-Q sebagai instrumen pengambilan data.Hasil: Pada uji analisis Fisher’s exact test didapatkan p= 0,04 (p<0,05). Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara intensitas cahaya ruangan yang buruk (<300lux) dengan timbulnya keluhan Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS).Simpulan: Intensitas cahaya ruangan yang buruk berhubungan dengan timbulnya keluhan Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) pada pengguna komputer di warnet Kota Malang.Kata kunci : Computer Vision Syndrome, Intensitas Cahaya Ruangan.
Clinical Characteristics of Uveitis Patients at Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital Aceh
Authors: Samira Cut Putri , Nilawati Enny , Islami Dian , Rosdiana Eka
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Uveitis is a sight-threatening condition characterized by inflammation in the uveal tract. In Aceh, data on the incidence of uveitis remains unavailable despite numerous reported cases. This study aims to analyze uveitis characteristics in Aceh, Indonesia, and provide information regarding the causes and patterns of inflammation to guide diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using medical records from Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital from uveitis patients between January 2023 and August 2024. Data were analyzed for demographics, clinical presentation, etiology, management, and complications.
Results: There were 60 patients with 92 eyes affected with the mean age between 20-44 years. Bilateral involvement occurred in 53.3% of cases with the common chief complaint being blurry vision (53.3%). Tuberculosis was the leading infectious cause (41.3%), while 30.4% of cases were idiopathic. Complications, including cataracts (52%) and glaucoma (12.6%) were prevalent.
Conclusion: This study highlights the pattern of uveitis in Aceh, with tuberculosis as the leading cause of infection. Further research into strategies is required to expedite diagnosis and treatment by following local infection trends.