bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlling Floquet states on ultrashort time scales
Authors: Lucchini Matteo , Medeghini Fabio , Wu Yingxuan , Vismarra Federico , Borrego-Varillas Rocío , Crego Aurora , Frassetto Fabio , Poletto Luca , Sato Shunsuke A. , Hübener Hannes , De Giovannini Umberto , Rubio Ángel , Nisoli Mauro
Published: November 2022

The advent of ultrafast laser science offers the unique opportunity to combine Floquet engineering with extreme time resolution, further pushing the optical control of matter into the petahertz domain. However, what is the shortest driving pulse for which Floquet states can be realised remains an unsolved matter, thus limiting the application of Floquet theory to pulses composed by many optical cycles. Here we ionized Ne atoms with few-femtosecond pulses of selected time duration and show that a Floquet state can be observed already with a driving field that lasts for only 10 cycles. For shorter pulses, down to 2 cycles, the finite lifetime of the driven state can still be explained using an analytical model based on Floquet theory. By demonstrating that the amplitude and number of Floquet-like sidebands in the photoelectron spectrum can be controlled not only with the driving laser pulse intensity and frequency, but also by its duration, our results add a new lever to the toolbox of Floquet engineering.
ARAS recent onset acute phase psychosis survey, a prospective observational cohort of first episode psychosis in Iran—the cohort profile
Authors: Farhang Sara , Shirzadi Maryam , Alikhani Rosa ,   ARAS investigators, Amiri Shahrokh , Mohagheghi Arash , Naghdi-sadeh Reza , Malek Ayyoub , Shafiei-kandjani Alireza , Ranjbar Fatemeh , Fakhari Ali , Noorazar Gholamreza , Herizchi Sepideh , Adalatzadeh Golnaz , Naderi Anis , Alizadeh Behrooz Z. , Bruggeman Richard , Veling Wim
Published: November 2022

The Middle East is underrepresented in psychosis research. The ARAS recent onset acute phase psychosis survey (ARAS) is a longitudinal cohort across multiple centers in Iran, established to investigate characteristics, determinants and early course of psychosis in a non-Western, Middle East context. Here, baseline characteristics of the ARAS cohort are reported. The ARAS cohort enrolled patients with recent onset psychosis from September 2018 to September 2021 in East Azerbaijan, Kermanshah and Tehran, including Iranian patients from different sociocultural contexts. The baseline assessment included demographics, socioeconomic status, clinical (positive, negative, depressive symptoms) and psychosocial (religiosity, social support, self-stigma) characteristics, cognitive functioning, metabolic profile, substance use and medication use measured by validated questionnaires. These assessments will be followed up after one and five years. A total of 500 patients with a first episode of psychosis were enrolled from three provinces in Iran. With 74.1% being male, the mean age (SD) of patients was 32.3 (9.7) years. Nearly a quarter of patients was diagnosed with schizophrenia and 36.8% with substance induced psychotic disorder. Amphetamine (24%) and opium (12%) use were common, cannabis use was not (5%). Only 6.1% of patients lived alone while 29% of patients was married and had children. The majority of them had achieved secondary educational level and 34% had a paid job. The most common antipsychotic treatment was risperidone. There was a wide range for scores of PANSS, with 9.4% having dominant negative symptoms. The most common prescribed medication was risperidone. Near to 40% of patients had noticeable signs of depression and prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 13.4%. The majority of patients (57.2%) had moderate and 5.4% reported to have severe disability. More than 30% reported to be highly religious. Patients had the highest satisfaction with people living with, and the lowest for finance and job.
So2Sat POP - A Curated Benchmark Data Set for Population Estimation from Space on a Continental Scale
Authors: Doda Sugandha , Wang Yuanyuan , Kahl Matthias , Hoffmann Eike Jens , Ouan Kim , Taubenböck Hannes , Zhu Xiao Xiang
Published: November 2022

Obtaining a dynamic population distribution is key to many decision-making processes such as urban planning, disaster management and most importantly helping the government to better allocate socio-technical supply. For the aspiration of these objectives, good population data is essential. The traditional method of collecting population data through the census is expensive and tedious. In recent years, statistical and machine learning methods have been developed to estimate population distribution. Most of the methods use data sets that are either developed on a small scale or not publicly available yet. Thus, the development and evaluation of new methods become challenging. We fill this gap by providing a comprehensive data set for population estimation in 98 European cities. The data set comprises a digital elevation model, local climate zone, land use proportions, nighttime lights in combination with multi-spectral Sentinel-2 imagery, and data from the Open Street Map initiative. We anticipate that it would be a valuable addition to the research community for the development of sophisticated approaches in the field of population estimation.
Impact of marital status on overall survival in patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Fangjie , Wu Ying , Xu Hong’en , Song Tao , Yan Senxiang
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the present research was to assess the prognostic impact of marital status in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with tumors ≤ 2 cm (stage Ia) based on the data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients who received a histopathologic HCC diagnosis between 2004 and 2016 were recruited. Overall survival (OS) was the major outcome measure. The Cox regression model and the Fine-Gray regression model were used for the purpose of comparing and examining the prognostic value of marital status for OS. The data for a total of 2446 stage Ia HCC patients were extracted from the database. The median overall survival time was 96.0 months, with 5-year and 10-year overall survival rates of 58.2% and 45.8%, respectively. In both the Fine-Gray regression model and Cox regression model, marital status [married vs. unmarried and others, both P < 0.001, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.389 for Cox and HR = 1.378 for Fine-Gray], age at diagnosis, tumor grade, and surgery at the primary site independently served as prognostic indicators associated with OS. In conclusion, positive marital status was independently associated with better OS for stage Ia HCC patients, and its prognostic influence should be validated in the near future.
Experimental and theoretical studies of linear and non-linear optical properties of novel fused-triazine derivatives for advanced technological applications
Authors: Al-Shamiri Hamdan A. S. , Sakr Mahmoud E. M. , Abdel-Latif Samir A. , Negm Nabel A. , Abou Kana Maram T. H. , El-Daly Samy A. , Elwahy Ahmed H. M.
Published: November 2022

Controlling photophysical properties is critical for the continued development of electroluminescent devices and luminescent materials. The preparation and study of novel molecules suitable as luminescent for the development of optoelectrical devices have recently received a lot of attention. Even though the as-triazine unit is a good building block for organic active substances, it is rarely used in this context. We created here novel bis-triazine derivative dyes in the far UV–Vis range by alkylation of triazine-thione derivatives with appropriate dibromo compounds. At the B3LYP/6-311**G(d,p) basis set, their optimal molecular structures were obtained. DFT technique confirmed that the new triazine derivatives are in noncoplanar with one of the two phenyl rings and the triazine plane rotating out by 102.09. Also, depending on the energy gap difference between HOMO and LUMO, some important parameters including chemical potential (π), electronegativity (χ), and chemical hardness (η) were calculated. The compounds may be readily polarized and have significant NLO characteristics, as seen by the tiny HOMO–LUMO energy gap. The calculated values for the polarizability (α) of the two new triazine derivatives have the range 6.09–10.75 × 10–24 (esu). The emission peaks seemed to move to the long-wavelength (redshift), with a rise in the fluorescence band, suggesting that the singlet excited state is more polar than the ground state. The influence of solvent polarity and the intermolecular charge transfer (ICT) processes are reflected in the photophysical properties of new fused triazine derivatives. These properties such as extinction coefficient, absorption and emission cross-sections, fluorescence quantum yield, fluorescence lifetime, oscillator strength, the dipole moment, radiative decay rate constant, the energy yield of fluorescence, and the attenuation length were assessed and discussed.
High speed photo-mediated ultrasound therapy integrated with OCTA
Authors: Li Yan , Song Yuchen , Li Runze , Jia Wangcun , Zhang Fengyi , Hu Xiaoming , Chou Lidek , Zhou Qifa , Chen Zhongping
Published: November 2022

Photo-mediated Ultrasound Therapy (PUT), as a new anti-vascular technique, can promote cavitation activity to selectively destruct blood vessels with a significantly lower amount of energy when compared to energy level required by other laser and ultrasound treatment therapies individually. Here, we report the development of a high speed PUT system based on a 50-kHz pulsed laser to achieve faster treatment, decreasing the treatment time by a factor of 20. Furthermore, we integrated it with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for real time monitoring. The feasibility of the proposed OCTA-guided PUT was validated through in vivo rabbit experiments. The addition of OCTA to PUT allows for quantitative prescreening and real time monitoring of treatment response, thereby enabling implementation of individualized treatment strategies.
Separation of hydrocarbons from activated carbon as a porous substance in a glycol regeneration process using supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Najafi Mohammad , Abousadi Zahra Arab , Honarvar Bizhan , Sajadian Seyed Ali
Published: November 2022

Activated carbons are used in industrial applications; their cost is a major barrier to their more widespread application. Regeneration of activated carbons is indispensable to minimize operational costs and product wastage. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) as green technology was used to regenerate activated carbons. In this work, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the supercritical regeneration process and to evaluate the effect of the operational parameters including pressure (100–300 bar), temperature (313–333 K), flow rate (2–6 g/min), and dynamic time (30–150 min) on the regeneration yield. The maximum regeneration yield (93.71%) was achieved at 285 bar, 333 K, 4 g/min, and 147 min. Mathematical modeling was done using two one-parameter kinetics models, which agree well with the experimental data. The fitting parameter of the model was obtained by using a differential evolution algorithm. The chemical composition of the substances extracted from the activated carbon was identified by gas chromatography. The results showed that the regeneration of activated carbon by SC-CO2 can be an alternative method to conventional methods.
Characterization of the dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum deoxynucleotide-triphosphate pool in a stage-specific manner
Authors: Babai Réka , Izrael Richard , Vértessy Beáta G.
Published: November 2022

Understanding and characterizing the molecular background of the maintenance of genomic integrity might be a major factor in comprehending the exceptional ability of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum to adapt at a fast pace to antimalarials. A balanced nucleotide pool is an essential factor for high-fidelity replication. The lack of detailed studies on deoxynucleotide-triphosphate (dNTP) pools in various intraerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum motivated our present study. Here, we focused on the building blocks of DNA and utilized an EvaGreen-based dNTP incorporation assay to successfully measure the temporal dynamics of dNTPs in every intraerythrocytic stage and in drug-treated trophozoites. Our findings show that the ratio of dNTPs in the ring-stage parasites significantly differs from the more mature trophozoite and schizont stages. We were also able to detect dGTP levels that have never been shown before and found it to be the least abundant dNTP in all stages. Treatment with WR99210, a TS-DHFR inhibitor drug, affected not only dTTP, but also dGTP levels, despite its presumed selective action on pyrimidine biosynthesis. Results from our studies might assist in a better understanding of genome integrity mechanisms and may potentially lead to novel drug related aspects involving purine and pyrimidine metabolic targets.
Searching glycolate oxidase inhibitors based on QSAR, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulation approaches
Authors: Cabrera Nicolás , Cuesta Sebastián A. , Mora José R. , Paz José Luis , Márquez Edgar A. , Espinoza-Montero Patricio J. , Marrero-Ponce Yovani , Pérez Noel , Contreras-Torres Ernesto
Published: November 2022

Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PHT1) treatment is mainly focused on inhibiting the enzyme glycolate oxidase, which plays a pivotal role in the production of glyoxylate, which undergoes oxidation to produce oxalate. When the renal secretion capacity exceeds, calcium oxalate forms stones that accumulate in the kidneys. In this respect, detailed QSAR analysis, molecular docking, and dynamics simulations of a series of inhibitors containing glycolic, glyoxylic, and salicylic acid groups have been performed employing different regression machine learning techniques. Three robust models with less than 9 descriptors—based on a tenfold cross (Q2CV) and external (Q2EXT) validation—were found i.e., MLR1 (Q2CV = 0.893, Q2EXT = 0.897), RF1 (Q2CV = 0.889, Q2EXT = 0.907), and IBK1 (Q2CV = 0.891, Q2EXT = 0.907). An ensemble model was built by averaging the predicted pIC50of the three models, obtaining a Q2EXT = 0.933. Physicochemical properties such as charge, electronegativity, hardness, softness, van der Waals volume, and polarizability were considered as attributes to build the models. To get more insight into the potential biological activity of the compouds studied herein, docking and dynamic analysis were carried out, finding the hydrophobic and polar residues show important interactions with the ligands. A screening of the DrugBank database V.5.1.7 was performed, leading to the proposal of seven commercial drugs within the applicability domain of the models, that can be suggested as possible PHT1 treatment.
Impaired macroglial development and axonal conductivity contributes to the neuropathology of DYRK1A-related intellectual disability syndrome
Authors: Pijuan Isabel , Balducci Elisa , Soto-Sánchez Cristina , Fernández Eduardo , Barallobre María José , Arbonés Maria L.
Published: November 2022

The correct development and activity of neurons and glial cells is necessary to establish proper brain connectivity. DYRK1A encodes a protein kinase involved in the neuropathology associated with Down syndrome that influences neurogenesis and the morphological differentiation of neurons. DYRK1A loss-of-function mutations in heterozygosity cause a well-recognizable syndrome of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. In this study, we analysed the developmental trajectories of macroglial cells and the properties of the corpus callosum, the major white matter tract of the brain, in Dyrk1a+/− mice, a mouse model that recapitulates the main neurological features of DYRK1A syndrome. We found that Dyrk1a+/− haploinsufficient mutants present an increase in astrogliogenesis in the neocortex and a delay in the production of cortical oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and their progression along the oligodendroglial lineage. There were fewer myelinated axons in the corpus callosum of Dyrk1a+/− mice, axons that are thinner and with abnormal nodes of Ranvier. Moreover, action potential propagation along myelinated and unmyelinated callosal axons was slower in Dyrk1a+/− mutants. All these alterations are likely to affect neuronal circuit development and alter network synchronicity, influencing higher brain functions. These alterations highlight the relevance of glial cell abnormalities in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Estimates of prevalence, time-trend, and association of smoking in adults living with HIV, HBV, and HCV (NHANES 1999–2018)
Authors: Yang Jie , Lin Jin-Long , Liu Jing , Jiang Xiao-Wen , Zhang Hao , Peng Lei
Published: November 2022

Although the smoking rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected people was much higher than that of the general population, smoking cessation interventions have long been ineffective. We aimed to examine the estimates of prevalence, time-trend, and association of smoking among people living with HIV, HBV, or HCV. This cohort was composed of 32,115 individuals from the NHANES database (1999–2018) and they were collected in the US. The time trend analysis of smoking and quitting rates was conducted using different years of survey follow-up and different infected groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors related to smoking behavior of these infected people. Compared to non-infected smokers, infected smokers were more likely to be older (aged 30–39, OR = 9.92, CI 6.07–16.21; aged 40–49,OR = 3.51, CI 2.49–4.94), males (1.99, 1.54–2.55), lower education and economic level (1.78, 1.39–2.29; 2.05, 1.59–2.65), unemployed (1.63, 1.21–2.20), suffering depression (1.35, 1.05–1.72), and drug users (7.65, 5.04–11.59). Taken together, our study showed that these complex psychosocial characteristics and unhealthy behavioral factors might be major independent risk factors for increasing smoking rate and decreasing smoking cessation rate among these infected people.
Persistent organic pollutant exposure contributes to Black/White differences in leukocyte telomere length in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Roberts Emily K. , Boss Jonathan , Mukherjee Bhramar , Salerno Stephen , Zota Ami , Needham Belinda L.
Published: November 2022

Despite racial disparities in diseases of aging and premature mortality, non-Hispanic Black Americans tend to have longer leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a biomarker of cellular aging, than non-Hispanic White Americans. Previous findings suggest that exposure to certain persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is both racially-patterned and associated with longer LTL. We examine whether Black/White differences in LTL are explained by differences in exposure to 15 POPs by estimating the indirect effect (IE) of self-reported race on LTL that is mediated through nine polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), three furans, and three dioxins, as well as their mixtures. Our study population includes 1,251 adults from the 1999–2000 and 2001–2002 cycles of the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We characterized single-pollutant mediation effects by constructing survey-weighted linear regression models. We also implemented various approaches to quantify a global mediation effect of all POPs, including unpenalized linear regression, ridge regression, and examination of three summary exposure scores. We found support for the hypothesis that exposure to PCBs partially mediates Black/White differences in LTL. In single-pollutant models, there were significant IEs of race on LTL through six individual PCBs (118, 138, 153, 170, 180, and 187). Ridge regression (0.013, CI 0.001, 0.023; 26.0% mediated) and models examining summative exposure scores with linear combinations derived from principal components analysis (0.019, CI 0.009, 0.029; 34.8% mediated) and Toxic Equivalency Quotient (TEQ) scores (0.016, CI 0.005, 0.026; 28.8% mediated) showed significant IEs when incorporating survey weights. Exposures to individual POPs and their mixtures, which may arise from residential and occupational segregation, may help explain why Black Americans have longer LTL than their White counterparts, providing an environmental explanation for counterintuitive race differences in cellular aging.
Growth response and mycoremediation of heavy metals by fungus Pleurotus sp.
Authors: Mohamadhasani Fereshteh , Rahimi Mehdi
Published: November 2022

Heavy metal contamination (HMs) in water and soil is the most serious problem caused by industrial and mining processes and other human activities. Mycoremediation is a biotechnology that employs fungi to remove toxic contaminants from the environment in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Pleurotus spp. have been shown to either increase plant growth on metal-contaminated soils by providing more nutrients or by reducing metal toxicity. Pleurotus species (J. Lange), a mushroom that can be eaten, has been observed growing on plantations of wood trees in Kerman's orchards. P. sp. was the subject of this study, which examined the effects of different concentrations of various heavy metals Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), and Nickel (Ni) (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg/L) on fungal colony diameters, mycelial dry weights, accumulation of heavy metals, and antioxidative enzymes. The findings revealed that P. sp. was more tolerant of Co than other metals, so the fungus grew more in the presence of low concentrations of Co and Cu. However, even at concentrations as low as 15 mg/L, Ni greatly inhibited the growth of biomass and colony diameter. Heavy metals increased the activity of superoxide dismutases (SOD) and catalase (CAT) up to 45 mg/L, but an increase in metal concentration above 45 mg/L resulted in a significant decrease in SOD. Metals in mycelium also increased as the concentrations of these heavy metals increased.
Relaxation electrodynamics of superinsulators
Authors: Mironov A. , Diamantini M. C. , Trugenberger C. A. , Vinokur V. M.
Published: November 2022

Superinsulators offer a unique laboratory realizing strong interaction phenomena like confinement and asymptotic freedom in quantum materials. Recent experiments evidenced that superinsulators are the mirror-twins of superconductors with reversed electric and magnetic field effects. Cooper pairs and Cooper holes in the superinsulator are confined into neutral electric pions by electric strings, with the Cooper pairs playing the role of quarks. Here we report the non-equilibrium relaxation of the electric pions in superinsulating films. We find that the time delay $$t_{\mathrm {sh}}$$

t
sh

of the current passage in the superinsulator is related to the applied voltage V via the power law, $$t_{\mathrm {sh}}\propto (V-V_{\mathrm p})^{-\mu }$$

t
sh

∝

(
V
-

V
p

)

-
μ

, where $$V_{\mathrm p}$$

V
p

is the effective threshold voltage. Two distinct critical exponents, $$\mu =1/2$$

μ
=
1
/
2

and $$\mu =3/4$$

μ
=
3
/
4

, correspond to jumps from the electric Meissner state to the mixed state and to the superinsulating resistive state with broken charge confinement, respectively. The $$\mu =1/2$$

μ
=
1
/
2

value establishes a direct experimental evidence for the electric strings’ linear potential confining the charges of opposite signs in the electric Meissner state and effectively rules out disorder-induced localization as a mechanism for superinsulation. We further report the memory effects and their corresponding dynamic critical exponents arising upon the sudden reversal of the applied voltage. Our observations open routes for exploring fundamental strong interaction charge confinement via desktop experiments.
Strong anti-viral nano biocide based on Ag/ZnO modified by amodiaquine as an antibacterial and antiviral composite
Authors: Dolatyari Mahboubeh , Rostami Ali
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we synthesized Ag/ZnO composite colloidal nanoparticles and the surface of nanoparticles was improved by amodiaquine ligand. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using the XRD diffraction pattern, FT-IR Spectroscopy, TEM image, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects of the synthesized colloid were examined on E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus hirae bacteria, and Candida Albicans and form spore aspergillus fungi, also influenza, herpes simplex, and covid 19 viruses. The results indicate more than 7 log removal of the bacteria, fungi, and viruses by synthesized colloid with a concentration of 15 μg/L (Ag)/50 µg/ml (ZnO). This removal for covid 19 virus is from 3.2 × 108 numbers to 21 viruses within 30 s. Also, irritation and toxicity tests of the synthesized colloid show harmless effects on human cells and tissues. These colloidal nanoparticles were used as mouthwash solution and their clinical tests were done on 500 people infected by the coronavirus. The results indicate that by washing their mouth and nose three times on day all patients got healthy at different times depending on the depth of the disease. Almost all people with no signs of infection and using this solution as a mouthwash didn’t infect by the virus during the study.
Evolution and morphology of a contourite depositional system based on new evidence from 3D-seismic data offshore Madagascar (Paleogene, Morondava Basin)
Authors: Hernández-Molina F. Javier , Tari Gabor , Scarselli Nicola , Raharisolofo Hoby , Rahajarivelo Sophie F. , Kirby Adam , de Weger Wouter , Llave Estefania , Mergnat Adrien
Published: November 2022

Numerous bottom current-controlled depositional and erosional features, which together form Contourite Depositional Systems (CDS), have been recognized in deep-water settings over the past decade. Most of these systems are described based on two-dimensional (2D) seismic data, whereas only a few CDS have been characterised from high-resolution 3D data. Here we document a newly identified CDS that formed during the Paleocene within the Morondava Basin, offshore west Madagascar, through analysis of a depth-migrated 3D seismic survey, enhanced by the implementation of seismic attributes. Three seismic units (SU) mark the main evolutionary stages of the CDS: (a) the onset (SU1), (b) drift growth (SU2), and (c) burial (SU3) stages. The growth stage documents lateral upslope migration of a mounded drift and its associated moat. The increasing, long-term influence of bottom currents along the foot of the slope occurred simultaneously with plate tectonic, climatic and oceanographic changes. Evidence amassed from the CDS highly erosive bounding discontinuities, internal discontinuities, and moat architecture all indicate the intermittent behaviour of the currents over shorter time frames during its formation. Drift deposits form under the influence of weaker currents, while discontinuities appear to record the most vigorous currents, producing the large-scale morphology of the system.
Secondary organic aerosol formation from mixed volatile organic compounds: Effect of RO2 chemistry and precursor concentration
Authors: Chen Tianzeng , Zhang Peng , Chu Biwu , Ma Qingxin , Ge Yanli , Liu Jun , He Hong
Published: November 2022

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) plays a significant role in contributing to atmospheric fine particles, as well as in global air quality and climate. However, the current understanding of the atmospheric formation of SOA and its simulation is still highly uncertain due to the complexity of its precursor VOCs. In our study, SOA formation in different mixed VOC scenarios was investigated using a 30 m3 indoor smog chamber. By comparing SOA formation in individual VOC scenarios, it was found that SOA yield from anthropogenic VOCs (AVOCs) can be positively (+83.9%) affected by coexisting AVOCs, while inhibited (−51.4%) by the presence of isoprene, via the OH scavenging effect. The cross-reactions of peroxyl radical (RO2) generated from different AVOCs were proved to be the main contributor (up to 39.0%) to SOA formation, highlighting the importance of RO2 + RʹO2 reactions in mixed VOC scenarios. Meanwhile, the formation of gas-phase organic intermediates of different volatility categories from the RO2 reactions was also affected by the precursor concentration, and a higher SOA yield was found at lower precursor concentrations due to the larger contribution of intermediates with lower volatility. Our study provides new insights into SOA formation by considering the interactions between intermediate products from mixed VOCs.
Exciton spectroscopy and unidirectional transport in MoSe2-WSe2 lateral heterostructures encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Beret Dorian , Paradisanos Ioannis , Lamsaadi Hassan , Gan Ziyang , Najafidehaghani Emad , George Antony , Lehnert Tibor , Biskupek Johannes , Kaiser Ute , Shree Shivangi , Estrada-Real Ana , Lagarde Delphine , Marie Xavier , Renucci Pierre , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Weber Sébastien , Paillard Vincent , Lombez Laurent , Poumirol Jean-Marie , Turchanin Andrey , Urbaszek Bernhard
Published: November 2022

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) allows lateral edge epitaxy of transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures. Critical for carrier and exciton transport is the material quality and the nature of the lateral heterojunction. Important details of the optical properties were inaccessible in as-grown heterostructure samples due to large inhomogeneous broadening of the optical transitions. Here we perform optical spectroscopy of CVD grown MoSe2-WSe2 lateral heterostructures, encapsulated in hBN. Photoluminescence (PL), reflectance contrast and Raman spectroscopy reveal optical transition linewidths similar to high quality exfoliated monolayers, while PL imaging experiments uncover the effective excitonic diffusion length of both materials. The typical extent of the covalently bonded MoSe2-WSe2 heterojunctions is 3 nm measured by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Tip-enhanced, sub-wavelength optical spectroscopy mapping shows the high quality of the heterojunction which acts as an excitonic diode resulting in unidirectional exciton transfer from WSe2 to MoSe2.
Mito-SiPE is a sequence-independent and PCR-free mtDNA enrichment method for accurate ultra-deep mitochondrial sequencing
Authors: Walsh Darren J. , Bernard David J. , Pangilinan Faith , Esposito Madison , Harold Denise , Parle-McDermott Anne , Brody Lawrence C.
Published: November 2022

The analysis of somatic variation in the mitochondrial genome requires deep sequencing of mitochondrial DNA. This is ordinarily achieved by selective enrichment methods, such as PCR amplification or probe hybridization. These methods can introduce bias and are prone to contamination by nuclear-mitochondrial sequences (NUMTs), elements that can introduce artefacts into heteroplasmy analysis. We isolated intact mitochondria using differential centrifugation and alkaline lysis and subjected purified mitochondrial DNA to a sequence-independent and PCR-free method to obtain ultra-deep (>80,000X) sequencing coverage of the mitochondrial genome. This methodology avoids false-heteroplasmy calls that occur when long-range PCR amplification is used for mitochondrial DNA enrichment. Previously published methods employing mitochondrial DNA purification did not measure mitochondrial DNA enrichment or utilise high coverage short-read sequencing. Here, we describe a protocol that yields mitochondrial DNA and have quantified the increased level of mitochondrial DNA post-enrichment in 7 different mouse tissues. This method will enable researchers to identify changes in low frequency heteroplasmy without introducing PCR biases or NUMT contamination that are incorrectly identified as heteroplasmy when long-range PCR is used.
Magnetoencephalography recordings reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of recognition memory for complex versus simple auditory sequences
Authors: Fernández-Rubio Gemma , Brattico Elvira , Kotz Sonja A. , Kringelbach Morten L. , Vuust Peter , Bonetti Leonardo
Published: November 2022

Auditory recognition is a crucial cognitive process that relies on the organization of single elements over time. However, little is known about the spatiotemporal dynamics underlying the conscious recognition of auditory sequences varying in complexity. To study this, we asked 71 participants to learn and recognize simple tonal musical sequences and matched complex atonal sequences while their brain activity was recorded using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Results reveal qualitative changes in neural activity dependent on stimulus complexity: recognition of tonal sequences engages hippocampal and cingulate areas, whereas recognition of atonal sequences mainly activates the auditory processing network. Our findings reveal the involvement of a cortico-subcortical brain network for auditory recognition and support the idea that stimulus complexity qualitatively alters the neural pathways of recognition memory.
Keratin-mediated hair growth and its underlying biological mechanism
Authors: An Seong Yeong , Kim Hyo-Sung , Kim So Yeon , Van Se Young , Kim Han Jun , Lee Jae-Hyung , Han Song Wook , Kwon Il Keun , Lee Chul-Kyu , Do Sun Hee , Hwang Yu-Shik
Published: November 2022

Here we show that intradermal injection of keratin promotes hair growth in mice, which results from extracellular interaction of keratin with hair forming cells. Extracellular application of keratin induces condensation of dermal papilla cells and the generation of a P-cadherin-expressing cell population (hair germ) from outer root sheath cells via keratin-mediated microenvironmental changes. Exogenous keratin-mediated hair growth is reflected by the finding that keratin exposure from transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFβ2)-induced apoptotic outer root sheath cells appears to be critical for dermal papilla cell condensation and P-cadherin-expressing hair germ formation. Immunodepletion or downregulation of keratin released from or expressed in TGFβ2-induced apoptotic outer root sheath cells negatively influences dermal papilla cell condensation and hair germ formation. Our pilot study provides an evidence on initiating hair regeneration and insight into the biological function of keratin exposed from apoptotic epithelial cells in tissue regeneration and development.
Surface modifications of eight-electron palladium silver superatomic alloys
Authors: Barik Subrat Kumar , Chen Chih-Yuan , Chiu Tzu-Hao , Ni Yu-Rong , Gam Franck , Chantrenne Isaac , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean-Yves , Liu C. W.
Published: November 2022

Atomically precise thiolate-protected coinage metal nanoclusters and their alloys are far more numerous than their selenium congeners, the synthesis of which remains extremely challenging. Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of atomically defined dithiophosph(in)ate protected eight-electron superatomic palladium silver nanoalloys [PdAg20{S2PR2}12], 2a–c (where R = OiPr, a; OiBu, b; Ph, c) via ligand exchange and/or co-reduction methods. The ligand exchange reaction on [PdAg20{S2P(OnPr)2}12], 1, with [NH4{Se2PR2}12] (where R = OiPr, or OnPr) leads to the formation of [PdAg20{Se2P(OiPr)2}12] (3) and [PdAg20{Se2P(OnPr)2}12] (4), respectively. Solid state structures of 2a, 2b, 3 and 4 unravel different PdAg20 metal frameworks from their parent cluster, originating from the different distributions of the eight-capping silver(I) atoms around a Pd@Ag12 centered icosahedron with C2,D3,Th and Th symmetries, respectively. Surprisingly ambient temperature crystallization of the reaction product 3 obtained by the ligand exchange reaction on 1 has resulted in the co-crystallization of two isomers in the unit cell with overall T (3a) and C3 (3b) symmetries, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first ever characterized isomeric pair among the selenolate-protected NCs. Density functional theory (DFT) studies further rationalize the preferred geometrical isomerism of the PdAg20 core.
Modeling the dynamics and spatial heterogeneity of city growth
Authors: Reia Sandro M. , Rao P. Suresh C. , Ukkusuri Satish V.
Published: November 2022

We propose a systems model for urban population growth dynamics, disaggregated at the county scale, to explicitly acknowledge inter and intra-city movements. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of cities are well captured by the model parameters estimated from empirical data for 2005–2019 domestic migration in the U.S. for 46 large cities. Model parameters are narrowly dispersed over time, and migration flows are well-reproduced using time-averaged values. The spatial distribution of population density within cities can be approximated by negative exponential functions, with exponents varying among cities, but invariant over the period considered. The analysis of the rank-shift dynamics for the 3100+ counties shows that the most and least dense counties have the lowest probability of shifting ranks, as expected for ‘closed’ systems. Using synthetic rank lists of different lengths, we find that counties shift ranks gradually via diffusive dynamics, similar to other complex systems.
Slab-derived fluid storage in the crust elucidated by earthquake swarm
Authors: Mukuhira Yusuke , Uno Masaoki , Yoshida Keisuke
Published: November 2022

Slab-derived fluids control crustal dynamics in the subduction zone. However, the slab-derived fluid budget has never been quantified beyond a geophysical and geological spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we target an intense earthquake swarm associated with the M9 Tohoku earthquake, which represented the critical dynamic behavior of slab-derived fluid. The fluid volume involved has been quantified, with a plausible range of 106−108 m3, by utilizing injection-induced seismicity insights. Comparisons with geological proxies suggest that the estimated fluid volume can be accumulated via supply from the lower crust within 102–104 y. Our study demonstrated such amount of aqueous fluid stored at the midcrustal level, which triggered consecutive swarm activity for ~2 y with the Tohoku earthquake, suggesting a possible link between earthquake swarms to M9 class earthquakes (103 y cycle) and mineral veins and deposits. This study has shed light on the quantitative understanding of the dynamic slab-derived fluid budget.
Influence of short and long term processes on SAR11 communities in open ocean and coastal systems
Authors: Bolaños Luis M , Tait Karen , Somerfield Paul J , Parsons Rachel J , Giovannoni Stephen J , Smyth Timothy , Temperton Ben
Published: November 2022

SAR11 bacteria dominate the surface ocean and are major players in converting fixed carbon back to atmospheric carbon dioxide. The SAR11 clade is comprised of niche-specialized ecotypes that display distinctive spatiotemporal transitions. We analyzed SAR11 ecotype seasonality in two long-term 16S rRNA amplicon time series representing different North Atlantic regimes: the Sargasso Sea (subtropical ocean-gyre; BATS) and the temperate coastal Western English Channel (WEC). Using phylogenetically resolved amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), we evaluated seasonal environmental constraints on SAR11 ecotype periodicity. Despite large differences in temperature and nutrient availability between the two sites, at both SAR11 succession was defined by summer and winter clusters of ASVs. The summer cluster was dominated by ecotype Ia.3 in both sites. Winter clusters were dominated by ecotypes Ib and IIa.A at BATS and Ia.1 and IIa.B at WEC. A 2-year weekly analysis within the WEC time series showed that the response of SAR11 communities to short-term environmental fluctuations was variable. In 2016, community shifts were abrupt and synchronized to environmental shifts. However, in 2015, changes were gradual and decoupled from environmental fluctuations, likely due to increased mixing from strong winds. We demonstrate that interannual weather variability disturb the pace of SAR11 seasonal progression.
Chiroptical induction with prism[5]arene alkoxy-homologs
Authors: Liang Xiaotong , Shen Yanling , Zhou Dayang , Ji Jiecheng , Wang Hongtao , Zhao Ting , Mori Tadashi , Wu Wanhua , Yang Cheng
Published: November 2022

The complexation of prism[5]arenes with amino acid derivatives showed association constants of up to 107M−1, significant CD withgabsof up to 0.8 × 10−2and CPL withglumof 2 × 10−3.
Conformational transition-induced simultaneous fluorescence enhancement of oxytetracycline and rhodamine B under a single excitation wavelength
Authors: Zhang Songlin , Su Pengchen , Yu Long , Lu Yunfei , Ye Enyi , Li Zibiao , Zhu Houjuan , Hu Weijie , Loh Xian Jun , Wang Suhua
Published: November 2022

Fluorescence sensing of oxytetracycline in FMIL-53(Al) doped with Rhodamine B.
Emerging carbon-based quantum dots for sustainable photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Jiamei , Jiang Jizhou , Li Fangyi , Zou Jing , Xiang Kun , Wang Haitao , Li Youji , Li Xin
Published: November 2022

This review focuses on the applications of emerging carbon-based QD materials (i.e., GQDs, CNQDs, MQDs, and GDQDs) in sustainable photocatalysis.
Co-generation of electricity and formate in glycerol fuel cells with a bifunctional PdPtAg alloy nanowire electrocatalyst
Authors: Huang Lin , Yu Xinhao , Huang Lei , Zhang Xingtian , Gu Li , Cao Yongyong , Li Wei , Hu Jing , Cao Xuebo
Published: November 2022

Rationally designed, universal and durable PdPtAg alloy nanowire-based direct glycerol fuel cells (DGFCs) could generate both electricity and formate.
Colorless polyimides derived from norbornyl bis-benzocyclobutene-containing diamines
Authors: Miao Jie , Zhang Mengru , Pang Yuanyuan , Zheng Zejun , Tian Chun , Wang Zhen , Yan Jingling
Published: November 2022

Colorless polyimides with high glass transition temperatures and excellent optical transparency were developed from norbornyl bis-benzocyclobutene-containing diamines, and the structure–property relationship of these polyimides was established.
LSUnetMix: Fuse channel feature information with long–short term memory
Authors: Yuan Chao , Wang Yanbo , Xiao Yunxuan
Published: November 2022

Medical image segmentation based on deep learning is becoming popular. To improve the segmentation accuracy of medical images such as cells and vessels, we propose the LSUnetMix model, which can effectively enhance the ability to extract channel information and capture image details better. It surpasses both traditional and latest models on medical datasets. This model is mainly based on Unet, and three modules have been added. The first is the Channel Information Transmission module, which uses long–short term memory to get the sequential features of layers and unidirectionally transfer the channel information of the upper layer to the lower layer, which combines multiple layers of information while avoiding information redundancy. The second is the Prospect Enhancement module, which activates the channel information of the image and enhances the ability to recognise the segmentation targets. The third is the Multiscale Dilated Convolution module, which uses multi‐scale dilated convolution to strengthen the ability and to extract the image details. After experiments, their model performs best on GlaS and MoNuseg datasets, which can segment image details better and avoid redundant information, and the Dice coefficient reaches 91.92% on GlaS and 81.8% on MoNuSeg.
Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles in the fruiting body of enoki mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes) under Pb2+ induction
Authors: Mo Jingang , Jin Jun , Yu Han , Ai Mingjun , Hu Die , Li Linlin , Song Kai
Published: November 2022

Fungi can produce many compounds, such as proteins, enzymes, amino acids, and polysaccharides, which are internalised and enriched for metals, and are widely used as reducing and stabilising agents for the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). Almost all fungal sources used in the synthesis of the Au NPs are in the form of cell filtrates or mycelial suspensions. However, the culture of cell‐free fungal filtrate and mycelium is not comparable to the propagation of fungal substrates in input and operation. Here, we evaluated in vivo biosynthesis of Au NPs in enoki mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes). HAuCl4 was reduced in the fruiting body of the enoki mushrooms via induction by Pb2+, resulting in the generation of Au NPs. We then employed UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscope, and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer to characterise various shapes of the Au NPs. The elemental analysis indicated that the Au NPs were mainly concentrated in organelles of the stalk and cap cells. We also demonstrated that 0.3–0.5 mM HAuCl4 was the optimal stress treatment concentration based on the changes in physiological indicators of the enoki mushrooms. This work reveals that fungi can be utilised well as nanomaterial bioreactors.
An interleaved non‐isolated high gain soft switching DC–DC converter with small input current ripple
Authors: Abbasian Sohrab , Farsijani Mohammad , Tavakoli Bina Mohammad , Abrishamifar Adib , Hosseini Arya , Shahirinia Amir
Published: November 2022

This article suggests a non‐isolated high step‐up interleaved DC–DC topology for renewable energy applications. Two three‐winding coupled‐inductors along with two voltage multiplier cells are used to enhance the voltage gain significantly. One interesting aspect of this new topology is that high duty cycles are not required to achieve high voltage gains; this is done by adjusting the turn ratio of the coupled inductors. Moreover, the presented interleaved converter enjoys not only having less current stress due to the interleaving structure, but also showing 16% increase in voltage gain compared to the best similar boost topologies. Additional elements are designed for the purpose of soft switching and gain increase, which have little effect on the cost, weight and size of the proposed converter. Interestingly, the voltage stresses both on the switching devices and passive elements are much less than the output voltage. Furthermore, the coupled inductor's leakage inductance energy is recovered by employing a passive clamp circuit to minimize stresses across the semiconductors; therefore, efficiency is improved. The suggested converter is analyzed in the steady state, and a 400 W experimental setup was implemented; the outcomes verify the practicality of the proposed boost converter in accordance with the analysis.
On‐line identification model for single phase‐earth fault in distribution network driven by wavelet transform and multi‐learner combination
Authors: Su Xueneng , Zhang Hua , Gao Yiwen , Zhang Jian , Song Tunfang
Published: November 2022

The detection of single phase‐earth faults has been a difficult task for a long time due to its very low current in high impedance grounded fault especially in a neutral un‐effectively grounded system. To address this issue, this paper firstly proposes multi‐learner based single phase‐earth fault identification models. First, to erase disturb noise in fault recording profiles, a denoising model is put forward based on the wavelet transform optimized via the proposed threshold improvement approach. Second, feature engineering reflecting local and/or global evolutionary process of fault evolving features is modelled, and in turn two key feature transforming techniques of principal component analysis (PCA) and random forest (RF) are individually employed to recognize the best effective combination of fault feature set. Subsequently, six learners of logistical regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), K‐neighbor (KN), RF, XGBoost and LightGBM based fault identification models are individually custom‐designed which the feature subset in high priority are fed into. Furthermore, to guide the model optimization, several advanced manners of hyper‐parametric sampling via normal and Chi‐2 distribution, learning curve, validation curve, receiver operation characteristic curve (ROC) are applied. Numerical studies indicates the the high value of the proposed model when applied in engineering practice.