bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of the impact of a multidose human‐milk fortifier on human‐milk preparation practices in United States neonatal intensive care units: A survey of nutrition care team members
Authors: Gates Amy , Evans Heather V. , Gatto Alayne M. , Le Vin Jodee , Thornton Jessica L. , Langley Katina , Hodges Bethany S. , Valentine Christina
Published: November 2022

Background

In 2020, a multidose human‐milk fortifier (MDHMF) was designed to improve the process of human‐milk (HM) fortification. The bottle of MDHMF (5.5 oz, 163 ml) allows aseptic removal of HMF in a precise measure. This survey aimed to examine the experience of nutrition care team (NCT) members who used the MDHMF in a hospital setting.

Methods

A survey link (Qualtrics XM) was sent to NCT leaders (N = 108) at hospitals who participated in an evaluation of the MDHMF from June 1, 2020, through April 30, 2021. The NCT leaders sent the survey to members at their prospective hospitals (n = 344). The investigators did not know the identities of the recipients of the survey and collected no identifying information on respondents. Respondents were asked to evaluate their experience with the MDHMF compared with their previous practice.

Results

The majority of respondents (n = 63, 72%) reported that the MDHMF improved their HM preparation practices and was better than their previous practice for reducing the time to prepare (n = 33, 71.7%), ensuring the accuracy of fortified HM (n = 32, 69.6%), ensuring aseptic preparation (n = 24, 52.2%), reducing HM waste (n = 27, 58.7%), and being easy to use (n = 30, 65.2%). Those responsible for evaluating nutrition status answered that the MDHMF was the same for feeding tolerance (n = 41, 58.6%), weight gain (n = 47, 67.1%), head growth (n = 56, 81.2%), and length growth (n = 53, 76.8%).

Conclusion

US neonatal intensive care unit NCT members perceived that the MDHMF resulted in improved HM preparation practices while maintaining growth and tolerance.
Antibiotic use in nonintubated children with bronchiolitis in the intensive care unit
Authors: Ortmann Laura A. , Nabower Aleisha , Cullimore Melissa L. , Kerns Ellen
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Antibiotic use may shorten mechanical ventilation duration and length of stay for patients with bronchiolitis that require intubation. The goals of this study were to describe antibiotic use in previously healthy children with bronchiolitis admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for noninvasive respiratory support and to describe associations of early antibiotic use with clinical outcomes.

Methods

The Pediatric Health Information Systems database was queried for children <2 years of age without significant comorbidities admitted to the ICU for bronchiolitis. Children requiring mechanical ventilation on the first ICU day were excluded. Two groups were analyzed: those patients receiving antibiotics on the first day of their ICU stay (early antibiotics), and those receiving no antibiotics on their first ICU day (no antibiotics). Primary outcome was the length of ICU stay.

Results

A total of 11,029 admissions met criteria, 2522 (22.9%) in the early antibiotic group, and 8507 (77.1%) in the no antibiotic group. The use of early antibiotics varied by center from 10% to 54%. In multivariate analysis, the early antibiotic group had similar ICU length of stay compared to the no antibiotic group (relative risk, RR [95% confidence interval, CI] 1.01 [0.98–1.05]). For patients on noninvasive ventilation, the first ICU day early antibiotics did not impact ICU length of stay (RR [95% CI] 0.97 [0.92–1.02]) or need for intubation (RR [95% CI] 1.11 [0.77–1.58]).

Conclusion

Early antibiotic use was common with significant variation between centers. Early antibiotic use was not associated with improved clinical outcomes in children admitted to the ICU for noninvasive respiratory support for bronchiolitis.
Hesperetin ameliorates ischemia/hypoxia‐induced myocardium injury via inhibition of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis
Authors: Liu Panpan , Chen Jian , Qi Jiaying , Liu Miaomiao , Zhang Muqing , Xue Yucong , Li Li , Liu Yanshuang , Shi Jing , Zhang Yixin , Chu Li
Published: November 2022

Ischemia/hypoxia (I/H)‐induced myocardial injury has a large burden worldwide. Hesperetin (HSP) has a cardioprotective effect, but the molecular mechanism underlying this is not clearly established. Here, we focused on the protective mechanisms of HSP against I/H‐induced myocardium injury. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were challenged with CoCl2 for 22 h to imitate hypoxia after treatment groups received HSP for 4 h. The viability of H9c2 cardiomyocytes was evaluated, and cardiac function indices, reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were measured. L‐type Ca2+ current (ICa‐L), myocardial contraction, and Ca2+ transients in isolated ventricular myocytes were also recorded. We found that HSP significantly increased the cell viability, and MMP while significantly decreasing cardiac impairment, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and [Ca2+]i caused by CoCl2. Furthermore, HSP markedly attenuated ICa‐L, myocardial contraction, and Ca2+ transients in a concentration‐dependent manner. Our findings suggest a protective mechanism of HSP on I/H‐induced myocardium injury by restoring oxidative balance, inhibiting apoptosis, improving mitochondrial function, and reducing Ca2+ influx via L‐type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs). These data provide a new direction for HSP applied research as a LTCC inhibitor against I/H‐induced myocardium injury.
A stretch hood as a mean to facilitate safe indoor transport of palletized goods
Authors: Roman Jannes , Verschueren Gilles , Nica Ward , Slaets Peter , Juwet Marc
Published: November 2022

Inertial forces occur during the internal transport of a pallet with palletized goods. Therefore, transport packaging must guarantee that the goods resist these destructive forces. The effectiveness of a stretch hood as a transport package is researched in this study.

Firstly, it is determined if a stretch hood can be applied accordingly without it being damaged by the forks of a forklift or an AGV when being picked up.

Secondly, the resistance to horizontal inertial forces during the internal transport of a stretch hooded pallet load is researched.

The performed study shows that many parameters influence the sleeving process. A well‐chosen stretch hood, applied with the correct machine settings, can guarantee both minimum requirements for internal transport.
Evaluating the risk of fish stranding due to hydropeaking in a large continental river
Authors: Glowa Sarah E. , Watkinson Douglas A. , Jardine Timothy D. , Enders Eva C.
Published: November 2022

With the continuous development of hydropower on a global scale, stranding of freshwater fishes is of growing concern, and an understanding of the mechanisms and variables affecting fish stranding in hydropeaking rivers is urgently needed. In particular, a methodology is required to identify the magnitude and timing at which fish stranding occurs in relation to environmental conditions. Here, we studied fish stranding in three reaches downstream of a hydropeaking generation station in the Saskatchewan River, Saskatchewan, Canada, using an innovative remote photography approach with 45 trail cameras and traditional transect monitoring, conducting 323 transects. We observed that juvenile sport and commercial fish species are stranding at a higher proportion than small bodied fish species. The remote photography approach provided more precise fish stranding timing and associated the environmental and physical conditions with a given stranding event, but captured fewer fish and only rarely allowed species identification. The comparison of the two methodologies resulted in similar stranded fish densities, but the remote photography allowed for continuous observations whereas the transect monitoring was limited by the observer availability in the field. Remote photography allowed for additional information on the scavenging of stranded fish, with scavenging occurring on average within 240 minutes of the fish being stranded. The probability of fish stranding increased significantly with increasing water temperature and substrate particle size resulted in greater stranding on finer substrates. Our findings have important implications for hydroelectric flow management by introducing an innovative, standardized method to study the effects of hydropeaking events on fish stranding that can be applied to increase our understanding of the impacts of hydropeaking on fish communities.
FluorMango, an RNA‐Based Fluorogenic Biosensor for the Direct and Specific Detection of Fluoride
Authors: Husser Claire , Vuilleumier Stéphane , Ryckelynck Michael
Published: November 2022

Nucleic acids are not only essential actors of cell life but also extremely appealing molecular objects in the development of synthetic molecules for biotechnological application, such as biosensors to report on the presence and concentration of a target ligand by emission of a measurable signal. In this work, FluorMango, a fluorogenic ribonucleic acid (RNA)‐based biosensor specific for fluoride is introduced. The molecule consists of two RNA aptamer modules, a fluoride‐specific sensor derived from the crcB riboswitch which changes its structure upon interaction with the target ion, and the light‐up RNA Mango‐III that emits fluorescence when complexed with a fluorogen. The two modules are connected by an optimized communication module identified by ultrahigh‐throughput screening, which results in extremely high fluorescence of FluorMango in the presence of fluoride, and background fluorescence in its absence. The value and efficiency of this biosensor by direct monitoring of defluorinase activity in living bacterial cells is illustrated, and the use of this new tool in future screening campaigns aiming at discovering new defluorinase activities is discussed.
Seasonal home range and habitat selection patterns of sika deer Cervus nippon in southern Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Laneng Lauretta Andrew , Tachiki Yasuyuki , Akamatsu Rika , Kobayashi Kohei , Takahata Chihiro , Nakamura Futoshi
Published: November 2022

In 1980 and 1981, eight and nine individual sika deer Cervus nippon were reintroduced in southern Hokkaido, Japan, respectively, to address population declines in this species during 1900s. As recent population growth has led to human–wildlife conflicts, this study investigated the responses of sika deer to resource availability and geomorphic factors during the summer and winter seasons in southern Hokkaido. Global positioning system‐collared data collected from 2016 to 2018 were used to assess the home range patterns and habitat selection of 14 female sika deer located in Mount Esan and Shiriuchi. The core home range size was defined using a 50% kernel density estimation that indicated a larger home range in winter than summer for all deer. Habitat selection was assessed using generalized linear mixed models. The results showed variation in habitat selection between resident deer of Mount Esan and Shiriuchi, as well as migratory deer in Shiriuchi during summer. Resident deer in Mount Esan and Shriuchi preferred areas closer to crops during summer. Interaction effects revealed that migratory deer utilized natural grassland close to forest edge habitat in Shiriuchi. By contrast, resident deer in Shiriuchi selected forest edge habitat and natural grasslands close to crops. In winter, low elevation was the most important habitat factor for all deer across the study area. Thus, sika deer habitat selection depends on resource availability in summer and topographic factors in the winter.
Stories from Students Building Sustainability Through Transfer of Leadership
Authors: Gautam Saurav , Aman K. C. , Ojha Rabin , Parajuli Gaurav
Published: November 2022

Dedicated to designing and organizing student-centered work, we highlight the Geomatics Engineering Students’ Association of Nepal (GESAN)’s collaborative effort to create training, internship, and job opportunities for the student members and alumni and with local institutions. Through putting into play a cycle of leadership, chapter activities find a sustainable way to continue to support SDG 8 Decent Work and Economic Growth and SDG 9 Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure by preparing students to navigate newer applications of geospatial technology and tools. This work extends beyond campus and into the local community where we have trained secondary school students in map literacy – planting seeds of future leadership.
The Ecosystem Where YouthMappers Live and Thrive
Authors: Carney-Nedelman Dara , Clark Courtney
Published: November 2022

YouthMappers live and thrive in an ecosystem of university chapters, organizers, sponsors, ambassadors, and partners. This system places youth at the center and is designed as an empowering network, which ultimately advances partnerships for the goals, in line with SDG 17. But because we don’t just build maps, we build mappers- the result of this ecosystem also expands the capacity for students to advance to decent work and contribute to the economic growth in their careers and of their countries. We present here some of the voices of students, alumni, staff, and partners to describe this enabling ecosystem from their own perspectives.
Cultural Seascapes in the ‘Sea of Calms’ and La Restinga Coast
Authors: De la Cruz-Modino Raquel , Piñeiro-Corbeira Cristina , Aswani Shankar , González-Cruz Carla , Domínguez David , Ordóñez García Paula , Santana-Talavera Agustín , Pascual-Fernández José
Published: November 2022

El Hierro has been characterized by the balance between human development and environmental sustainability. The island was historically far from the mass tourism developments dominant on the other Canary Islands. Tourism accommodations in El Hierro are few compared to more developed coastal areas in the Archipelago, and recreational activities are mainly linked to cultural and natural sites and resources. This chapter focuses on La Restinga fishing village and its coasts, where the ‘Sea of Calms’ and one multiple-use Marine Reserve (MR) are located, both of which became popular over the last decade. The tourist development experience has promoted a new way of looking at the sea and conceptualizing its habitats and populations. In 2014, after the submarine volcano eruption occurred in 2011, we estimated that at least 25,391 dives had been carried out in the diving spots established by the MR and other diving sites close to La Restinga. Despite the difficulties experienced after the volcano eruption, a unique imaginaire has been consolidated, thanks to the image of the island's exclusive nature and iconic elements. In addition, the rapid recovery of the destination is an excellent example of how the tourism system can adapt and incorporate unexpected events such as volcanic eruptions.
Human Occupation of a Small Volcanic Island
Authors: Martín Fernández Carlos S.
Published: November 2022

El Hierro has had an evolution in terms of its population in close relation to a series of historical, economic and social transformations that have left an important mark on the landscape. In general terms, we could affirm that the evolution and distribution of the population has been conditioned by economic cycles and modes of production, which have worked in accordance with the interest of local and regional elites.
Opening Up New Spaces for Action: Challenges of Participatory Action Research for Preschool Practice Transformation in an Introductory Unit for Immigrant Children
Authors: Åkerblom Annika
Published: November 2022

The aim of this chapter is to reflect on and problematise some of the collective processes that emerged in a 3-year participatory project. The project, situated in a linguistically and culturally diverse neighbourhood of a major Swedish city, was carried out between 2017 and 2019. The overall aim was to, in collaboration with participants, explore the conditions for early childhood education in a migrating world by identifying the challenges facing preschool institutions. An additional aim was to develop preschool practice through reflection and action. The project started out in an introductory unit for immigrant children aged 3–5 years who spoke little or no Swedish upon entering the unit; then, as the project went on, the whole preschool was gradually included in actions carried out in collaboration. Some of the spaces for action that opened up for the children, educators, and preschool managers are addressed in the chapter. Challenges involved, among other things, differences in the possibility to take part in action research processes among families involved in asylum processes and what space for action the preschool educators were actually afforded in the project.
Interprofessional Dialogue and the Importance of Contextualising Children’s Participation: A Collaboration Between Different Disciplines Around New Technology
Authors: Lagerlöf Pernilla
Published: November 2022

The MIROR Project (2010–2013) was a large-scale international research project financed by the EU, involving various researchers from six countries. It dealt with the development of an adaptive system (artificial intelligence, AI) for music learning and teaching in the context of early childhood music education. The project was based on a spiral design approach, involving coupled interactions between the technical partners and the research partners (from the disciplines of psychology and pedagogy/education). It raised methodological challenges concerning how the experiments and technology were designed, as they did not relate to Swedish preschool tradition, which will serve here as the contextualised case from which more general issues will be discussed. Different ethical issues were also faced in regard to how the research was planned, and stemming from the fact that there were commercial interests involved.
Artificial intelligence in support of the circular economy: ethical considerations and a path forward
Authors: Roberts Huw , Zhang Joyce , Bariach Ben , Cowls Josh , Gilburt Ben , Juneja Prathm , Tsamados Andreas , Ziosi Marta , Taddeo Mariarosaria , Floridi Luciano
Published: November 2022

The world’s current model for economic development is unsustainable. It encourages high levels of resource extraction, consumption, and waste that undermine positive environmental outcomes. Transitioning to a circular economy (CE) model of development has been proposed as a sustainable alternative. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a crucial enabler for CE. It can aid in designing robust and sustainable products, facilitate new circular business models, and support the broader infrastructures needed to scale circularity. However, to date, considerations of the ethical implications of using AI to achieve a transition to CE have been limited. This article addresses this gap. It outlines how AI is and can be used to transition towards CE, analyzes the ethical risks associated with using AI for this purpose, and supports some recommendations to policymakers and industry on how to minimise these risks.
Myomodulation with Facial Fillers: A Comprehensive Technical Guide and Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Coimbra Daniel Dal’Asta , Stefanello Betina
Published: November 2022

Background

Placement of fillers in close proximity to the mimetic or sphincter muscles of the face appears to enhance or suppress muscle action in a relatively predictable way.

Methods

From June 2016 to June 2021, patients who underwent the first author’s technique of myomodulation with dermal fillers to address aesthetic concerns or to manage facial spasms or synkinesis were evaluated in a retrospective case series. Additionally, the authors provide a technical guide for a whole-face approach to treatment with fillers and a conceptual map for treatment of each facial subunit with a focus on myomodulation.

Results

A total of 1352 patients (1108 women, 244 men; mean age, 51 years) underwent at least 1 treatment session during the 5-year study period. The treatment patterns of the study population and details of 2 representative cases are presented.

Conclusions

Although not well understood mechanistically, myomodulation with injectable fillers shows promise for significant and reliable results of facial rejuvenation.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Injury by knife crime amongst children is associated with socioeconomic deprivation: an observational study
Authors: Reilly John-Joe , Naumann David N. , Morris Louise , Blackburn Lauren , Brooks Adam
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Children who live in areas of socioeconomic deprivation may be at higher risk of being victims of violent crime such as knife wounds. The current study investigated whether socioeconomic disparity was associated with higher risk of knife crime.

Methods

An observational study included patients aged ≤ 17 years at a UK Major Trauma Centre injured by knife trauma from 2016 to 2022. Indices of deprivation were recorded according to the zip code of residence and compared with those of all of England. These included Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD); income; employment; education and skills; health and disability; crime; barriers to housing and services; living environment; and Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI).

Results

There were 139 patients (96% male) with median age of 16 years. When compared with the whole of England, patients had worse indices of IMD (p = 0.021); income (p < 0.001); employment (p < 0.001); education and skills (p < 0.001); health and disability; and IDACI (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in indices of crime, barriers to housing and services or living environment.

Conclusions

Paediatric knife injury was associated with poor socioeconomic status in multiple domains. Focussed efforts to address socioeconomic disparities should be a priority as a public health measure for vulnerable children.
The RonchAP® palatinal device: A conservative approach in treating obstructive sleep apnea syndrome—a randomized, controlled study
Authors: Lembacher Sophie , Gantner Sophia , Uhl Bernd , Holzer Martin , Patscheider Martin , Hempel John-Martin
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of the Ronch®AP palatal device in treating patients with moderate and severe forms of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Methods

In a randomized controlled trial 22 patients were examined with the Ronch®AP palatal device after 4 weeks of usage. Their results were compared to a control group of 30 patients who did not receive any treatment during this time. All patients included did not tolerate CPAP therapy. Among other parameters the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) was measured using nocturnal cardiorespiratory polysomnography. Daytime sleepiness was assessed using Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to analyze sleep quality.

Results

Using the Ronch®AP palatal device AHI was reduced from an average of 35.34 ± 14.9/h to 19.18 ± 14.93/h, whereas the control group only showed a minimal mean reduction from 31.32 ± 12.76/h to 29.37 ± 17.11/h. The difference in reduction between the two randomized groups was highly significant (d = − 14.2, 95% CI 5.9–22.6, t = 3.4, df = 49.9, p = 0.001). Epworth Sleepiness Scale score was lowered from 9.18 ± 4.73 to 7.82 ± 4.14 on average and sleep quality improved by − 1.91 ± 2.31. Both changes were also statistically relevant (p < 0.005).

Conclusions

The Ronch®AP device is an effective alternative treatment option for patients suffering from moderate and severe forms of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and not tolerating CPAP therapy.

Trial registration number

407-16 with approval from the local ethical committee (Ethikkommission der Medizinischen Fakultät der LMU München).
New technology can benefit established middle ear implant users: Samba 2 vs previous models of audio processors for Vibrant Soundbridge
Authors: Ratuszniak Anna , Lorens Artur , Obrycka Anita , Witkowska Justyna , Skarzynski Henryk , Skarzynski Piotr Henryk
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) is a semi-implantable hearing aid for patients with various types of hearing loss and has been available for over 25 years. Recently, new audio processors with advanced signal processing, noise reduction, and multi-microphone technology have appeared. The aim of this study is to compare the benefits of using the newest Samba 2 processor to the previous generation processors in a group of experienced VSB users.

Methods

There were 22 experienced VSB users (mean time of using VSB was 9 years, SD = 2) who had their processor (D404 or Amadé) upgraded to the newest model (Samba 2). The mean age of the subjects was 56 years (SD = 20). Assessments were made by free-field audiometry, speech reception in quiet and noise, and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs).

Results

Hearing tests in free field showed statistically significant improvements in hearing sensitivity and speech discrimination in quiet and noise with the Samba 2 audio processor compared to the earlier technology. PROMs confirmed the benefits of using the newest audio processor and there was more satisfaction in terms of usability.

Conclusions

Access to modern technology for VSB patients provides measurable benefits.
The “Mellanby effect” in alcoholised e-scooter drivers
Authors: Zube Katharina , Lau Michael , Daldrup Thomas , Bruch Gina Maria , Tank Anne , Hartung Benno
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Several studies tried to discuss and clarify the so-called Mellanby effect: Similar blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) supposedly lead to more signs of impairment in the phase of alcohol resorption than elimination. To assess this effect for alcoholised e-scooter driving, results of a real-driving fitness study were subanalysed.

Methods

Sixteen subjects (9 females; 7 males) who completed runs at comparable BACs in the phases of alcohol resorption and elimination were chosen to assess a possible “Mellanby effect”. The data of the subjects was taken from a prior e-scooter study by Zube et al., which included 63 subjects in total.

Results

In the phase of alcohol resorption, the relative driving performance was approx. 92% of the phase of elimination (p value 0.21).

Statistically significant more demerits were allocated to the obstacle “narrowing track” in the phase of resorption than elimination.

Subjects also needed significantly more time to pass the obstacles “narrowing track”, “driving in circles counterclockwise” and “thresholds” in the phase of resorption than elimination.

Discussion

The most relevant obstacle to discriminate between the two different states of alcoholisation was the narrowing track. Insofar, measurements of the standard deviation of the lateral position (SDLP) might also be a sensitive component for the detection of central nervous driving impairment during shorter trips with an e-scooter.

Additionally, driving slower during the phase of alcohol resorption seems to be the attempt to compensate alcohol-related deficits.

Conclusion

The results of the study suggest a slight Mellanby effect in e-scooter drivers.
The multisensory nature of human action imagery
Authors: Krüger Britta , Hegele Mathias , Rieger Martina
Published: November 2022

Imagination can appeal to all our senses and may, therefore, manifest in very different qualities (e.g., visual, tactile, proprioceptive, or kinesthetic). One line of research addresses action imagery that refers to a process by which people imagine the execution of an action without actual body movements. In action imagery, visual and kinesthetic aspects of the imagined action are particularly important. However, other sensory modalities may also play a role. The purpose of the paper will be to address issues that include: (i) the creation of an action image, (ii) how the brain generates images of movements and actions, (iii) the richness and vividness of action images. We will further address possible causes that determine the sensory impression of an action image, like task specificity, instruction and experience. In the end, we will outline open questions and future directions.
Movement disorders in hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP): a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis
Authors: Fereshtehnejad Seyed-Mohammad , Saleh Philip A. , Oliveira Lais M. , Patel Neha , Bhowmick Suvorit , Saranza Gerard , Kalia Lorraine V.
Published: November 2022

Background

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a rare genetic disorder associated with mutations in > 80 loci designated SPG (SPastic parapleGia). The phenotypic spectrum of HSP can extend to include other neurologic features, including movement disorders. Our aim was to investigate genotype–phenotype associations in HSP with a focus on movement disorders.

Methods

We performed a systematic review and individual participant data (IPD)-level meta-analysis by retrieving publications from Medline/EMBASE/Web of Science on HSP with a SPG genotype. Studies were included only if individual-level information was accessible and at least one patient with a movement disorder was reported for that genotype. Out of 21,957 hits, 192 manuscripts with a total of 1413 HSP cases were eligible. Data were compared between two HSP groups: manifested with (HSP-MD, n = 767) or without (HSP-nMD, n = 646) a movement disorder.

Results

The HSP-MD group had an older age of onset (20.5 ± 16.0 vs. 17.1 ± 14.2 yr, p < 0.001) and less frequent autosomal dominant inheritance (7.6% vs. 30.1%, p < 0.001) compared to HSP-nMD. SPG7 (31.2%) and SPG11 (23.8%) were the most frequent genotypes in the HSP-MD group. HSP-MD with SPG7 had higher frequency of later onset during adulthood (82.9% vs. 8.5%), ataxia (OR = 12.6), extraocular movement disturbances (OR = 3.4) and seizure (OR = 3.7) compared to HSP-MD with SPG11. Conversely, SPG11 mutations were more frequently associated with consanguinity (OR = 4.1), parkinsonism (OR = 7.8), dystonia (OR = 5.4), peripheral neuropathy (OR = 26.9), and cognitive dysfunction (OR = 34.5).

Conclusion

This systematic IPD-level meta-analysis provides the largest data on genotype–phenotype associations in HSP-MD. Several clinically relevant phenotypic differences were found between various genotypes, which can possibly facilitate diagnosis in resource-limited settings.
Gender Differences in HIV, HCV risk and Prevention Needs Among People who Inject drug in Vietnam
Authors: Giang Hoang Thi , Duc Nguyen Quang , Khue Pham Minh , Quillet Catherine , Oanh Khuat Thi Hai , Thanh Nham Thi Tuyet , Vallo Roselyne , Feelemyer Jonathan , Vinh Vu Hai , Rapoud Delphine , Michel Laurent , Laureillard Didier , Moles Jean Pierre , Jarlais Don Des , Nagot Nicolas , Huong Duong Thi
Published: November 2022

We examined gender differences among people who inject drug (PWID) in Hai Phong, Vietnam in term of blood-borne infections, risk behaviors, and access to care. Using respondent-driven-sampling surveys, we recruited 3146 PWID from 2016 to 2018. Inclusion criteria included a positive urine test for heroin and recent injection marks. There were 155 female PWID (4,9%), including 82 at RDS-2016, 32 at RDS-2017 and 38 at RDS-2018. The age mean was 36.3 ± 7.2 years. The majority of female PWID had less than high school education (90.9%) and were unemployed (51.3%). There was no difference in the proportion of HIV and HCV positive by gender. However, women had several significant differences in risk behaviors than men in multivariable logistic regression. Being a woman was independently associated with being unemployed, being a sex worker, having unstable housing, having uses drugs for less than 5 years, more use of methamphetamine, having a partner who ever injected drugs, and less access to methadone treatment. Interventions targeting female PWID are needed, possibly through community organizations and peer educators.
Virtual field trips in hydrological field laboratories: The potential of virtual reality for conveying hydrological engineering content
Authors: Grosser Paula Farina , Xia Zhongxin , Alt Jannik , Rüppel Uwe , Schmalz Britta
Published: November 2022

With the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting contact restrictions, conducting field trips to hydrological research basins became close to impossible. Hydrological field knowledge is an essential part of hydrological education and research. In order to impart this knowledge to students of hydrological engineering subjects in times or situations where on-site exploration is not possible, the VR4Hydro tool was developed. VR4Hydro is a virtual reality platform built from 360° panoramas that allows users to interactively explore the Gersprenz River basin in Germany. The following study seeks to investigate the applicability of performing virtual field trips in the context of hydrological education by evaluating user experience. Sixteen students of the subject engineering hydrology were asked to document their experiences with VR4Hydro using a qualitative approach by answering a series of multiple-choice questions as well as long-answer text questions. The analysis and discussion of the results showed that virtual excursions generally met with great interest among users. The majority rated the virtual tour as a valuable addition to traditional teaching methods. All students found the tool particularly appealing in cases where external circumstances did not allow for a real excursion. The findings of this study show that the application of virtual field trips (VFT) in hydrological engineering can be a valuable supplement to real field trips to improve the interest and learning outcome of students.
Do mothers get lost at the postdoc stage? Event history analysis of psychologists at German universities (1980–2019)
Authors: Habicht Isabel M.
Published: November 2022

Women in academia are typically outnumbered by men, a phenomenon metaphorically known as “the leaky pipeline.” This study contributes by showing a motherhood penalty in the career pipeline at the postdoctoral stage in Germany—that is, during habilitation. Based on CV information and an email survey, the paper examines which factors are associated with being awarded a habilitation and whether these factors differ between women and men as well as mothers and fathers. Using Cox regressions of retrospective career trajectories of almost all psychologists at German universities in 2019 (2527 scientists with 37,423 publications), the study shows that SSCI/SCIE articles and having a PhD from abroad increase the habilitation risk more strongly for women and mothers than for men and fathers. Net of career factors observed by CVs, however, mothers have a 42% significantly lower habilitation risk.
Vulnerability Factors of Intimate Partner Violence Among Victims of Partner Only and Generally Violent Perpetrators
Authors: Edhammer Helene , Petersson Joakim , Strand Susanne J.M.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study was to examine how victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) differ in terms of vulnerability factors and risk of being re-victimized, by comparing victims of the two most consistently identified IPV male perpetrator subtypes: the Partner Only (PO) violent and the Generally Violent (GV).

Methods

The current study analyzed IPV reported to the Swedish police and consisted of a sample of 1479 cases of male-to-female perpetrated IPV. The material mainly consisted of IPV risk assessments conducted by the police.

Results

The results showed that vulnerability factors were significantly more common among victims of GV perpetrators, including inconsistent attitudes or behaviors, extreme fear of the perpetrator, inadequate support or resources, an unsafe living situation, and health problems. Moreover, victims of GV perpetrators were generally assessed by the police with a significantly higher risk of being re-victimized by IPV. Finally, in relation to the victim vulnerability factors most strongly associated with an elevated assessed risk for IPV re-victimization, the presence of extreme fear of the perpetrator and having an unsafe living situation were significantly related to such outcomes for both groups of victims.

Conclusion

In sum, the results of this study contribute to the scant body of knowledge on IPV victim subtypes and their vulnerability profiles. In addition to facilitating the risk assessment of repeated IPV, such knowledge could also indicate what type of support different victim subtypes require in order to prevent IPV.
6D object position estimation from 2D images: a literature review
Authors: Marullo Giorgia , Tanzi Leonardo , Piazzolla Pietro , Vezzetti Enrico
Published: November 2022

The 6D pose estimation of an object from an image is a central problem in many domains of Computer Vision (CV) and researchers have struggled with this issue for several years. Traditional pose estimation methods (1) leveraged on geometrical approaches, exploiting manually annotated local features, or (2) relied on 2D object representations from different points of view and their comparisons with the original image. The two methods mentioned above are also known as Feature-based and Template-based, respectively. With the diffusion of Deep Learning (DL), new Learning-based strategies have been introduced to achieve the 6D pose estimation, improving traditional methods by involving Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). This review analyzed techniques belonging to different research fields and classified them into three main categories: Template-based methods, Feature-based methods, and Learning-Based methods. In recent years, the research mainly focused on Learning-based methods, which allow the training of a neural network tailored for a specific task. For this reason, most of the analyzed methods belong to this category, and they have been in turn classified into three sub-categories: Bounding box prediction and Perspective-n-Point (PnP) algorithm-based methods, Classification-based methods, and Regression-based methods. This review aims to provide a general overview of the latest 6D pose recovery methods to underline the pros and cons and highlight the best-performing techniques for each group. The main goal is to supply the readers with helpful guidelines for the implementation of performing applications even under challenging circumstances such as auto-occlusions, symmetries, occlusions between multiple objects, and bad lighting conditions.
An efficient compression technique for Foetal phonocardiogram signals in remote healthcare monitoring systems
Authors: Fathi Islam S. , Ahmed Mohamed Ali , Makhlouf M. A.
Published: November 2022

Remote Healthcare Monitoring Systems (RHMs) that employ fetal phonocardiography (fPCG) signals are highly efficient technologies for monitoring continuous and long-term fetal heart rate. Wearable devices used in RHMs still face a challenge that decreases their efficacy in terms of energy consumption because these devices have limited storage and are powered by batteries. This paper proposes an effective fPCG compression algorithm to reduce RHM energy consumption. In the proposed algorithm, the Discrete Orthogonal Charlier Moment (DOCMs) is used to extract features of the signal. The householder orthonormalization method (HOM) is used with the Charlier Moment to overcome the propagation of numerical errors that occur when computing high-order Charlier polynomials. The proposed algorithm’s performance is evaluated in terms of CR, PRD, SNR, PSNR, and QS and provides the average values 18.33, 0.21, 48.85, 68.86, and 90.88, respectively. The results of the comparison demonstrate the proposed compression algorithm’s superiority over other algorithms. It also tested in terms of compression speed and computational efficiency. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm has a high Compression speed (218.672 bps) and high computational efficiency (21.33). Additionally, the results reveal that the proposed algorithm decreases the energy consumption of a wearable device due to the transmission time decreasing for data by 3.68 s.
Kommunal verankerte Versorgungsstrukturen zur Förderung der Ernährungsgesundheit in den ersten 1000 Tagen – eine Analyse des aktuellen Status quo
Authors: Schrameyer Lena , Wittler Linda , Schmidt Lisa , Wessely Stefanie , Flothkoetter Maria , Eiser Stefanie , Reiss Katharina , Paul Mechthild , Ferrari Nina , Joisten Christine
Published: November 2022

Ziel

Die Ernährung in den ersten 1000 Tagen stellt einen relevanten Einflussfaktor für eine gesunde (Gewichts)entwicklung von Kindern dar. Verhältnispräventive, kommunalbasierte Ansätze scheinen am Erfolg versprechendsten in der Bekämpfung von (kindlichem) Übergewicht bzw. nicht übertragbaren Erkrankungen zu sein. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, Strategien zum Gelingen der Ernährungsgesundheit in den ersten 1000 Tagen herauszuarbeiten.

Methodik

Auf Basis einer internetbasierten Recherche möglicher kommunalbasierter Praxisprojekte wurden standardisierte, leitfadengestützte Interviews mit Expertinnen und Experten aus Wissenschaft und Praxis durchgeführt. Der Fokus lag auf der allgemeinen Einschätzung der Versorgungslage bzw. einem möglichen Handlungs- und Versorgungsbedarf sowie konkreten Handlungsempfehlungen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Schwangeren bzw. jungen Familien in belasteten Lebenslagen. 14 von 40 im Schneeballverfahren ausgewählten Personen nahmen teil.

Ergebnisse

Alle Teilnehmenden schätzen die aktuelle primärpräventive Versorgung als nicht ausreichend ein. Als kritisch wurden von ihnen v. a. die fehlenden strukturellen und politischen Rahmenbedingen, insbesondere die häufig bestehenden zeitlich begrenzten Programme, gesehen. Dadurch seien Maßnahmen zur Förderung der Ernährungsgesundheit oder vergleichbare Interventionen nicht erfolgreich zu etablieren. Gefordert wurde daher eine deutlichere Unterstützung durch politische und andere relevante Stakeholder, z. B. Krankenversicherungen und Vernetzung mit bzw. Einbettung dieses Themenfeldes in den öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst.

Schlussfolgerung

Unsere Ergebnisse bestätigen aus Sicht von Expertinnen und Experten, dass die Förderung der Ernährungsgesundheit in den ersten 1000 Tagen sinnvoll und wichtig ist. Allerdings ist ein deutlicher Optimierungsbedarf hinsichtlich der Versorgungsstrukturen und der konkreten nachhaltigen Umsetzung von primärpräventiven Angeboten sowie niederschwelligen Zugängen für belastete Schwangere und Familien erkennbar.
Assessment of Amphora coffeaeformis and Scenedesmus dimorphus algae as immunostimulant agents on Biomphlaria alexandrina snails against Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Mansour Shereen Mahfouz , Taha Rania Gamal , Youssef Alaa Ahmed
Published: November 2022

Schistosoma mansoni is the main factor of human schistosomiasis which is responsible for high rates of mortality. Recently, the use of alternative biological control agents has gained importance in disease control because the intensive use of molluscicides is very harmful to human health and poses risks to the environment. In the present work, the potential effect of two freshwater algae, Amphora coffeaeformis and Scenedesmus obtusus, on the immune response of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails against infection with S. mansoni was investigated. Two different concentrations 1 and 2 g L− 1 from each dried algal material were tested on snails before exposure to miracidial infection by one day. The use of Amphora coffeaeformis has a greater immunostimulatory effect than Scendesmus obtusus at a low concentration of 1.0 g L− 1. The tested algae affected the snail’s hemocytes and its immune response to S. mansoni as evidenced by a significant decrease in infection rate and cercariae production. In addition, increasing in total hemocyte count, the formation of vacuoles, the appearance of several pseudopodia, and the formation of coarse granules in hemocytes of infected snails treated with A. coffeaeformis. Intense tissue reactions were also observed. In conclusion, it was confirmed that these algae can be used as an immunostimulant in the prevention and control of S. mansoni.
Immune Metabolism in TH2 Responses: New Opportunities to Improve Allergy Treatment — Disease-Specific Findings (Part 1)
Authors: Goretzki A. , Zimmermann J. , Rainer H. , Lin Y.-J. , Schülke Stefan
Published: November 2022

Purpose of Review

Recent high-level publications have shown an intricate connection between immune effector function and the metabolic state of the respective cells. In the last years, studies have begun analyzing the metabolic changes associated with allergies. As the first part of a two-article series, this review will briefly summarize the basics of immune metabolism and then focus on the recently published studies on metabolic changes observed in allergic patients.

Recent Findings

In the last 3 years, immune-metabolic research in allergology had a clear focus on asthma with some studies also reporting findings in food allergy and atopic dermatitis. Current results suggest asthma to be associated with a shift in cellular metabolism towards increased aerobic glycolysis (Warburg metabolism), while also displaying substantial changes in fatty acid- and amino acid metabolism (depending on investigated patient collective, asthma phenotype, and disease severity).

Understanding immune-metabolic changes in allergies will allow us to (I) better understand allergic disease pathology and (II) modulate immune-metabolic pathways to improve allergy treatment.
Physiological Roles of β-amyloid in Regulating Synaptic Function: Implications for AD Pathophysiology
Authors: Cai Wenwen , Li Linxi , Sang Shaoming , Pan Xiaoli , Zhong Chunjiu
Published: November 2022

The physiological functions of endogenous amyloid-β (Aβ), which plays important role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), have not been paid enough attention. Here, we review the multiple physiological effects of Aβ, particularly in regulating synaptic transmission, and the possible mechanisms, in order to decipher the real characters of Aβ under both physiological and pathological conditions. Some worthy studies have shown that the deprivation of endogenous Aβ gives rise to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive deficiency, while the moderate elevation of this peptide enhances long term potentiation and leads to neuronal hyperexcitability. In this review, we provide a new view for understanding the role of Aβ in AD pathophysiology from the perspective of physiological meaning.
According to their Numbers: Assessing the Pew Research Center’s Estimate of 7.5 Million Jewish Americans
Authors: Tighe Elizabeth , Saxe Leonard , Parmer Daniel , Nussbaum Daniel , de Kramer Raquel Magidin
Published: November 2022

The Pew Research Center’s survey, Jewish Americans in 2020, was designed to provide estimates of the size of the US Jewish population, sociodemographic data on issues such as intermarriage, child-rearing, engagement in Jewish communal life, and a description of American Jewish attitudes. A sophisticated sample design was employed to ensure accurate and generalizable assessments of the population. Because Jews are a small sub-group and the US government does not collect census data on religious groups, creating estimates is a non-trivial task. The focus of this paper is on the validity of Pew’s estimate of 7.5 million US Jewish adults and children, 2.4% of the overall US population. The estimate is an important standalone indicator and is the basis for assessments of current Jewish attitudes and behavior. This paper considers the underlying construct of Jewish identity and its operationalization by Pew and evaluates the convergent validity of Pew’s findings. The efforts to define “who is a Jew” in sociodemographic surveys is described, and a set of methodological challenges to creating estimates are considered. The results of this review indicate that Pew’s criteria for inclusion in the population estimate comports with long-standing views of how to assess the Jewish population. Furthermore, Pew’s estimate of 7.5 million Jewish Americans is consistent with other recent demographic studies of the population. Their conclusions about a growing US Jewish population suggest a new narrative of American Jewish life that reflects the diversity of ways in which Jewish identity is expressed.