bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joint effect of Fe(II) and Fe(III) cations on corrosion of low-carbon steel in mixture of sulfuric and phosphoric acids containing composite inhibitors based on IFKhAN-92
Authors:   A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Avdeev Ya.G. , Panova A.V. ,   A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Andreeva T.E. ,   A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kuznetsov Yu.I. ,   A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2021

Corrosion of 08PS low-carbon steel was studied in a wide temperature range t = 25—100 °C in 1 M H2SO4 + 1 M H3PO4, 2 M H2SO4 и 2 M H3PO4, inhibited by the binary mixture IFKhAN-92 + KNCS (a molar ratio of components 9:1) and a three-component mixture IFKhAN-92 + KNCS + urotropine (9:1:400), in the presence of high concentrations of Fe(III) and Fe(II) salts, as well as in their joint presence. It is shown that under experimental conditions the corrosion inhibitors under study provide effective protection of steel in 1 M H2SO4 + 1 M H3PO4 even in the presence of Fe(III), Fe(II) salts or their mixtures. The highest protective effects are provided by a three-component inhibitor mixture. Under similar conditions in individual 2 M H3PO4 and, especially, 2 M H2SO4, the protective effects of inhibitors are lower. A stronger deceleration of steel corrosion by composite inhibitors based on IFKhAN-92 in H2SO4 + H3PO4 solutions containing Fe(III) salts in comparison with similar solutions of individual H2SO4, is largely due to the binding of Fe(III) cations by phosphate anions into complexes, that significantly reduces their chemical activity and, as a result the corrosion rate of steel.
WHICH MOTIVATIONAL BEHAVIORS IMPACT SUCCESS IN A FOUNDATIONAL ANATOMY COURSE FOR ENTRY DOCTOR OF PHYSICAL THERAPY STUDENTS?
Authors: Fabrizio Philip A. , Agur Anne M. R. , Groff Shannon L.
Published: August 2021

Objectives: The motivational behavior of self-efficacy for learning and performance was correlated with academic success in Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students taking clinical anatomy, the first foundational course in the program. Students’ motivation strategies have been reported to be important factors in academic success, however, these strategies have not been investigated in DPT students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if course grade in clinical anatomy was correlated with the motivation subscales of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). Materials and Methods: The MSLQ was administered to thirty-three first-year DPT students who consented to participate in the study. Correlation (Pearson r zero order) between the subscales and final course grade in clinical anatomy were determined. Results: Self-efficacy for learning and performance was correlated with course grade (r(31) = .44, p < .05), while intrinsic and extrinsic goal orientation, task value, control of learning beliefs, and test anxiety, were poorly correlated. Conclusions: The results of the current study, indicating that self-efficacy for learning and performance is correlated with academic success, could be utilized in DPT programs to broaden admission processes, and aid in the development of remedial curricular and teaching strategies to support students identified with poor self-efficacy for learning and performance.
Performance Tasks as a Mediator to Communicating in English and for Enhancing Language Learner Engagement
Authors: Toyoshima Saeko
Published: August 2021

This paper discusses whether
technology-based performance tasks could be a mediator to communicating in
English and enhance language learner engagement. Through action research, the
study investigated how low-proficiency Japanese English-language learners could
change their attitude toward communicating in their target language by
completing a performance task that involve making and presenting a digital
portfolio. The students had to mediate between themselves linguistically and
contextually when completing the performance task. The study adapted two types
of questions in a questionnaire: one involved a three-point Likert scale and the
other had open-ended questions about the performance task. Twenty-five students
completed the questionnaire. The students had to answer the questionnaire
twice, once at the end of the first semester and once at the end of the second
semester. The data from the open-ended questions were analyzed qualitatively
from a phenomenological research perspective. The students’ comments on the
task showed that they positively engaged in the performance task throughout the
two semesters by reflecting on themselves as English learners, with some
difficulty mediating themselves in L1 and L2.
V International Congress “UralEndo” “Endoscopy: different views, common language”
Authors: Ivantsova M. A.
Published: August 2021

The article is dedicated to the V International Congress UralEndo “Endoscopy: different views, a common language” held in Yekaterinburg on February 12, 2021. The review of the congress examines the main events of the congress concerning the direction of development of modern endoscopy in both scientific and practical orientation. The immediate tasks include the improvement and standardization of endoscopic terminology in order to develop a unified understanding of the definitions of modern endoscopy by doctors of different specialties. The key event of the congress is an online round table with international experts-endоleaders, during which the issues of terms and definitions, their correct use, both in English and in Russian, were also considered.
Regularities of endoscopic anatomy of the ileocecal intestine and their clinical signifi cance
Authors: Dronova O. B. , Kagan I. I. , Fateyev I. N. , Shepelev A. N.
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the study. Obtaining a set of new data, identifying patterns in the endoscopic anatomy of the ileocecal intestine and, on this basis, improving the diagnosis of its pathology.

Materials and methods. The present study was conducted in 182 patients (men — 84, women — 98) who were examined and treated in the polyclinic and in the hospital of the Orenburg Regional Clinical Hospital. The age of all the examined patients is from 18 to 75 years. A set of methods was used: endoscopic (videocolonoscopy, videoileoscopy, examination of the mucous membrane in white light and in the NBI mode, the method of taking material for morphological examination), morphometric, morphological examination of biopsies, X-ray (irrigoscopy, irrigography), variational and statistical data processing.

Results. In this work, a set of new data was obtained and patterns of the in vivo anatomy of the ileocecal department were revealed based on the results of colonoscopies. It was found that the endoscopic anatomy of the ileocecal region consists of individually variable parameters determined during intravital endoscopy: the shape, external structure and direction of the ileocecal valve, the internal relief and shape of the cecum, the projection and width of the tapes, the intraluminal morphometric parameters of the elements of the ileocecal valve and the cecum. Changes in the endoscopic anatomy of the ileocecal region in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease were quantifi ed and presented. A rational set of studies based on endoscopic and X-ray anatomy is presented, which is necessary for improving the methods of colonoscopy, diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, and various types of surgical treatment of pathology of this department.

Conclusion. The new set of data obtained and the revealed regularities of the endoscopic anatomy of the ileocecal region expand the understanding of its clinical anatomy and the possibilities of in vivo study.
Simultaneous implementation of food regimens may contain pandemics
Authors: David Chanyuk Lam , Lin Yuhan , Liao Lipeng , Tang Man , Fu Min , Liu Qiuyun
Published: August 2021

Calorie restriction limits the intake of amino acids. Various food regimens can restrict the intake of essential amino acids or all amino acids. To contain pandemics, multiple episodes of 1 to 3 days of simultaneous fasting with modest boiled rice water or fruit juice can be employed, separated by pure starch-based diet or rice starch-based diet with moderate fruit juice intake. Unlike face masks with only prophylactic role, dietary regimens boast dual effects: preventive value and marked reduction of severe cases and mortality.
Safety and Belonging in the Field: A Checklist for Educators
Authors: Greene Sarah , Antell Gawain , Atterby Jake , Bhatia Rehemat , Dunne Emma , Giles Sam , Groh Sebastian , Hanson Emma , Hilton Jason , Knight Hazel , Kraftl Peter , Morgan Esme , Rhodes Isobel , Rockey Francisca , Singh Shivani , Stevenson Carl , Sun Simiao , Warren Bridget , Wheeley James , Yamoah Kweku
Published: August 2021

Ensuring taught fieldwork is a positive, generative, collective, and valuable experience for all participants requires considerations beyond course content. To guarantee safety and belonging, participants’ identities (backgrounds and protected characteristics) must be considered as a part of fieldwork planning and implementation. Furthermore, getting fieldwork right is an important step in disrupting the ongoing cycle of exclusion of participants from marginalised demographics. This document aims to provide those involved in field teaching in Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences (GEES) disciplines with a brief overview about how identity affects experiences of taught fieldwork, as well as some general tips and a practical checklist for creating a safe learning environment for all staff, demonstrators, and students in the field.
Root foraging alters global patterns of ecosystem legacy from climate perturbations
Authors: Berkelhammer Max , Drewniak Beth , Ahlswede Benjamin , Gonzalez-Meler Miquel
Published: August 2021

The response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate perturbations typically persist longer than the timescale of the forcing, a phenomenon that is broadly referred to as ecosystem legacy. Understanding the strength of legacy is critical for predicting ecosystem sensitivity to climate extremes and the extent to which persistent changes in land surface-atmosphere exchange might feedback onto the climate, for example, extending drought. The cause of ecosystem legacy has been tied to numerous factors such as changes in leaf area index, however, few studies have tested how changes in root profiles in response to stress might alter an ecosystem's recovery time. We utilize an Earth System Model that includes a dynamic root module where vegetation can forage for water and nutrients by altering their root profiles. As expected, the simulations show that in response to water stress events most ecosystems deepen their root profiles. In semi-arid ecosystems, this response expedites recovery (i.e. less legacy) relative to simulations without dynamics roots because access to deeper water pools after the initial event remains favorable. In wetter ecosystems, the development of deeper root profiles slows down the recovery timescale (i.e. more legacy) because the deeper root profile reduces access to nutrients. The recovery of hyperarid systems is also delayed presumably to the loss of shallow roots and ability to access water from smaller rain events. The results show that the response of root profiles to external forcing is a critical component of global patterns of legacy that is not typically represented in Earth System Models.
Data requirements to tackle global deforestation through mandatory due diligence
Authors: Wood Margot , Gauttier Fanny , Bellfield Helen , West Christopher , Indenbaum Rosa
Published: August 2021

The world’s forests are highly threatened, mainly by agricultural expansion, driving biodiversity loss and greenhouse gas emissions, and disproportionately impacting rights and livelihoods of indigenous peoples and local communities. Zero-deforestation voluntary commitments to address deforestation have not significantly reversed deforestation and have made even less progress in related human rights violations. A regulation to address deforestation in agricultural supply chains will likely be prepared in the European Union (EU) to mandate due diligence requirements. We summarize how adequate risk identification and assessment require availability of and access to specific data. We review current data landscapes, flexibility required to adapt to supply chain complexities and capacities, required investments in current data systems, and constraints associated with data. We provide recommendations for forest risk commodity due diligence regulations, including: (1) To improve baseline data, prioritize sub-national data generation and access, improve remotely sensed maps of sourcing areas, and prioritize investment in public data platforms; (2) to adapt to supply chain complexities, regularly review commodities in the scope of the regulations; (3) for implementation, existing tools such as certification schemes can play a role for risk assessment, though cannot be a prerequisite to conduct due diligence. We outline data needs to allow for sufficient mitigation measures; (4) finally we recommend financial and technical support for developing countries and producers, which should improve the availability and quality of data. We conclude that increased data availability and quality to successfully implement a EU due diligence regulation on forest-risk commodities would benefit many demand-side market policies.
Masked face identification is improved by diagnostic feature training
Authors: Carragher Daniel James , Towler Alice , Mileva Viktoria Roumenova , White David , Hancock Peter
Published: August 2021

To slow the spread of COVID-19, many people now wear face masks in public. Face masks impair our ability to identify faces, which can cause problems for professional staff who identify offenders or members of the public. Here, we investigate whether performance on a masked face matching task can be improved by training participants to compare diagnostic facial features (the ears and facial marks) – a validated training method that improves matching performance for unmasked faces. We show this brief diagnostic feature training, which takes less than two minutes to complete, improves matching performance for masked faces by approximately 5%. A control training course, which was unrelated to face identification, had no effect on matching performance. Our findings demonstrate that comparing the ears and facial marks is an effective means of improving face matching performance for masked faces. These findings have implications for professions that regularly perform face identification.
Examining Appropriacy of CFI/TLI Cutoff Value in Multiple-group CFA Test of Measurement Invariance to Enhance Accuracy of Test Score Interpretation
Authors: Khademi Abdolvahab , Wells Craig S , Oliveri Maria Elena
Published: August 2021

The most common effect size when using a multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis approach to measurement invariance is ΔCFI/TLI with a cutoff value of 0.01 (Cheung & Rensvold, 2002). However, this recommended cutoff value may not be ubiquitously appropriate and may be of limited utility for some tests (e.g., measures using dichotomous items or different estimation methods, sample sizes, or model complexity). Moreover, prior cutoff value estimations often have ignored consequences resulting in using measures that more accurately estimate countries’ or learners’ proficiency for some countries or groups versus others. In this study, we investigate whether the cutoff value proposed by Cheung and Rensvold (ΔCFI/TLI=0.01) is appropriate across educational measurement contexts. Specifically, we investigated the performance of ΔCFI/TLI in capturing LOI at the scalar level in dichotomous items within item response theory on groups whose test characteristic curves differed by 0.5. Simulation results showed that the proposed cutoff value of 0.01 in ΔCFI/TLI was not appropriate to capture LOI under the study conditions, which may result in the misinterpretation of test results or inaccurate inferences.
Conservation of Gosainkunda and Associated Lakes: Morphological, Hydrochemistry, and Cultural Perspectives
Authors: Thakuri Sudeep , Neupane Basudev , Khadka Nitesh
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we present the current situation of the Gosainkunda and associated lakes based on the preparation of an inventory of lakes using the Google Earth Engine and 2020 Sentinel 2A satellite imagery. Furthermore, we discuss the hydrology, hydrochemistry, and cultural significance of the lakes based on the systematic review of available literatures. In 2020, there are 22 lakes along with Gosaikunda (12.7±0.4 ha) in the Upper Trishuli watershed (59.2 km2), extending from 1274 to 4993 m elevation and covering a total area of 80 ha. The largest lake is Bhairabkunda, with an area of 15.5±0.5 ha. The water bodies in the region are drying, and some of the lakes have already disappeared from the region. But some lakes in the region are evolving as temporary water bodies. The high-altitude lakes are sensitive indicators of anthropogenic disturbance and changing climate. Though the lakes have better hydrochemical quality than the urban lakes located in the southern part of the country, the evidence shows increasing local and long-range transport and deposition of the pollutants in the lake water. The presence of chemical constituents of anthropogenic sources in the water of oligotrophic lakes is possibly evidence of the long-range transport of pollutants. Considering the cultural importance of the region, the number of visitors is increasing annually. Increasing human activities in and around the lake, long-range transport of pollutants, and changing environment in the area are demanding for the lake's conservation. We suggest regular monitoring of the high-altitude lakes to understand the ongoing climate change and anthropogenic impacts.
Egipska popkrólowa. Przemiany wizerunku Kleopatry VII, królowej Egiptu, od narracji historycznej po kulturę popularną
Authors: Kulpa Karolina Anna
Published: August 2021

The analysis of the changes in perception of Cleopatra VII Philopator’s image in two- thousand-year reception. The author, discovering subsequent layers of the myth – from a historical figure to the Egyptian Pop Queen – shows that Cleopatra’s image in every historical period depended on current trends. Who was Cleopatra? Was she a godess, a devoted mother, a queen figthing for her state, a ruthless seductress, a monster, an ancien femme fatale, a beauty with the face of Elisabeth Taylor or a woman like many others?
Medya sanatı bağlamında Türki̇ye’de büyük veri̇ tabanlı ağ hari̇talama uygulamaları
Authors: Boztepe Seyhan
Published: August 2021

Sanat içinde üretildiği toplumu yansıtan bir ayna olmanın yanısıra, çağının teknolojisini de yaratıcı şekilde kullanan bir pratiktir. Bir kimyager gibi karışımlar ve renkler üreten ressamdan, televizyon teknolojisini kullanan video sanatçısına kadar teknoloji ile sanatın yüzyıllara yayılan ilişkisinin izini sürmek mümkündür. Günümüzün iletişim ve veri teknolojilerini kullanan ve Medya Sanatı, Yeni Medya Sanatı, Dijital Sanat, Post-Medya ya da Post-Dijital sanat gibi üst başlıklar altında toplanan sanat üretimleri ise günümüzün ön plana çıkan sanat pratikleridir. Bu araştırma, iletişim toplumu bağlamında medya sanatının tarihsel sürecini ele alan bir arkaplan sunmayı, ardından da Büyük Veri (Big Data) tabanlı uygulamalarını merkezine alan bir sanat üretiminden türeyen ve gelinen noktada bir uygulamaya dönüşmüş olan Ağ Haritalama uygulamalarını analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Yaşadığımız teknoloji ve iletişim odaklı dünyayı şekillendiren karmaşık sistemlerin görselleştirilmesinde yaratıcı yaklaşımlara dair bir örnek olan ve herkesin kullanımına açılmış bir uygulama platformu olarak işleyen Graph Commons, tüm internet kullanıcılarından toplanan, derlenen ve işlenen verilerden oluşan Büyük Veri’yi sanatın yaratıcı bakış açısıyla ele alınarak toplumsal fayda yönünde kullanımına dair sanat, tasarım ve iletişim alanlarına ilham vermektedir.
The Watch Smasher Argument [A Better Explanation]
Authors: Seun Ayoade Mister
Published: August 2021

“Occam's razor is a scientific and philosophical rule that entities should not be multiplied unnecessarily which is interpreted as requiring that the simplest of competing theories be preferred to the more complex or that explanations of unknown phenomena be sought first in terms of known quantity”.
Nutcracker Esophagus: Investigation In A Female Patient With Dysphagia And Odinophagy
Authors: Pontes Morcerf Cely Carolyne
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Odinophagia and dysphagia are important symptoms related to the upper gastrointestinal tract, specifically at the level of the oropharynx and esophagus. Objective: to investigate the possible cause of these symptoms through clinical history and complementary exams, thus outlining a more specific approach. Methodology: anamnesis was performed followed by neck ultrasound, fine needle aspiration (FNAP), videolaryngoscopy, computed tomography of the neck, ultrasound with thyroid dopller, esophagogastroduodenal seriography, esophageal manometry, hormone and thyroid antibodies dosage, and evaluation of thyroid antibodies. speech therapy. Results: neck ultrasound with topical thyroid gland, diffusible to swallow, diffusely heterogeneous, mixed nodule in upper / middle and anterior third of the left lobe measuring about 2.2cm x 1.6cm x 1.0 cm, in addition to sparse colloidal cysts by the glandular parenchyma, no larger than 0.6 cm, cervical lymph nodes increased in number and dimensions, some coalescent, the largest being located in the left submandibular region, measuring 1.8 cm in its longest axis. US-guided FNAB: Oncotic Cytology- Benign nodule (Category II of the Bethesda system) consistent with benign follicular nodule (Colloid goiter). Paraffin inclusion- Some follicular epithelial ceslls, in addition to leukocytes, amidst eosinophilic background (system I category) Bethesda). High digestive endoscopy without changes. Videolaryngoscopy without alterations. Computed tomography of the neck showing homogeneous prominent palatine tonsils. Heterogeneous thyroid lobes. Submandibular prominent lymph node on the right (IIA) measuring 1.1 cm. Ultrasonography with thyroid doppler confirms the p revious findings. Manometry showed hypertonia of the lower esophageal sphincter, compatible with nutcracker esophagus. Final Considerations: A patient admitted to investigate dysphagia with two months of evolution associated with odynophagia reaches a final diagnosis of nutcracker esophagus, in addition to a benign thyroid nodule. Thus, the investigation should be supplemented on an outpatient basis with high-resolution manometry. He is discharged with a medical prescription and guidance to start monitoring with a gastroenterologist.
Microbiome in immuno-rheumatology
Authors: Gonzalez Luis Arturo
Published: August 2021

The microbiota is a set of microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi and protists), that reside in our body and are usually associated with healthy tissues (skin, mucosa, etc.) of the human body. Microorganisms reside in these places more or less permanently, and in some cases perform specific functions
Walking on Toes
Authors: Valentyn Gusyev
Published: August 2021

The results of scientists from the University of Milan allowed us to take a fresh look at the basics of the physiology of the brain and nervous system. They found that neurological health largely depends on nerve impulses from the muscles of the legs to the brain. With proper walking, nerve impulses are sent to the brain, which are vital for the production of healthy nerve cells.
La difficile émergence d’un entrepreneuriat collectif dans le secteur créatif
Authors: Bourbousson Céline , Furt Jean-Marie , Iglésias Anne
Published: August 2021

Si la double identité d’artiste-entrepreneur des créateurs et les injonctions paradoxales qui en découlent ont été mises en évidence par un certain nombre de travaux, la littérature ne s’est pas intéressée jusqu’alors aux effets de ces tensions dans un processus d’entrepreneuriat collectif. Les auteurs s’y attellent ici par une étude de cas sur la création corse dans la mode et le design et mettent au jour les dynamiques de confrontation et d’articulation de trois logiques institutionnelles spécifiques. Leur contribution permet alors une appréhension originale du phénomène de pluralisme institutionnel.
L’adoption de l’open innovationdans l’industrie musicale
Authors: Tellier Albéric
Published: August 2021

Cette recherche porte sur les pratiques d’innovation ouverte dans l’univers du rap et leur impact sur l’organisation des collectifs associés et les œuvres produites. L’analyse de 22 albums produits entre 2015 et 2019 indique que les œuvres sont conçues par des réseaux constitués d’un cœur principal de quelques individus fortement connectés et d’acteurs nombreux aux relations plus éparses situés à la périphérie. Cette recherche montre que l’utilisation de processus de création ouverts a des conséquences sur les caractéristiques des œuvres produites, et sur la place et le rôle des acteurs au cours du processus créatif.
De l’idée du créatif à la production par le collectif
Authors: De Bovis Camille , Hussler Caroline , Barbe Anne-Sophie
Published: August 2021

Comment le concepteur d’un artefact peut-il faire converger l’expression d’une routine vers la représentation qu’il a tenté d’y matérialiser ? L’étude ethnographique de la production de la première d’un opéra, met à jour trois mécanismes par lesquels il aligne les pratiques effectives des utilisateurs de son artefact et l’abstraction qu’il y encode. Les auteurs complètent ainsi notre connaissance des organisations créatives, en montrant comment le régisseur de scène, concepteur de la conduite d’opéra, révèle l’esprit d’une œuvre imaginée par un metteur en scène, tout en enrichissant le rôle des artefacts et de leurs concepteurs dans la dynamique des routines organisationnelles.
Efectos socioambientales del pago por servicios ambientales: estudio de caso de gestión en la Reserva de la Biósfera La Sepultura, Chiapas, México
Authors: Caballero Salinas Juan Carlos , Vargas Vencis Perla , Perevochtchikova María
Published: August 2021

Los esquemas de pagos por servicios ambientales (PSA) son promovidos como incentivos económicos para mantener la cobertura del bosque y mejorar el bienestar humano. El presente estudio, realizado en un ejido del estado de Chiapas, México, analiza la percepción social de ejidatarios, pobladores y avecindados respecto a los efectos ambientales, económicos y sociales que propicia el PSA en dos formas de gestión: comunitaria/colectiva y por parte de un grupo organizado. A través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y considerando variables del contexto territorial, así como los mecanismos de gestión, identificamos efectos diferenciados en las tres dimensiones de análisis. Cuando el programa se llevó a cabo en forma comunitaria, los actores expresaron discursos y visiones positivas sobre la conservación de los bosques y los procesos organizativos. Por su parte, cuando fue operado por un grupo organizado, si bien los ejidatarios tuvieron la capacidad de impulsar nuevos diseños institucionales, los resultados no favorecieron a los pobladores y avecindados. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que es necesario reconocer el contexto sociocultural en el que se introducen los esquemas de PSA, ya que incide en sus resultados y formas de gestión.
The Effectiveness of Differentiated Instruction in Improving Bahraini EFL Secondary School Students in Reading Comprehension Skills
Authors: Saleh Ahmed Hussein Ahmad Eid
Published: August 2021

This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of Differentiated Instruction (DI) in improving reading comprehension skills in the EFL secondary stage in Bahrain. The study adopted the quasi-experimental research design using thirty-six 2nd year secondary students to be the study participants. The participants were divided into two groups: an experimental group that received the (DI) training and a control group that received the conventional way. A reading comprehension skills questionnaire and a pre-post EFL reading comprehension test was used in the study to collect the data. Results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the EFL reading comprehension test. The findings indicated that the DI strategies helped to develop students’ EFL reading comprehension skills. In addition, it revealed that using various materials for teaching reading comprehension skills to match students' different needs and abilities helped enhance their reading comprehension proficiency. A number of recommendations and suggestions for further research was presented.
FUNCTIONAL PAIN ABDOMEN IN CHILDREN: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOPATHOLOGY
Authors: Balai Shaitan Singh
Published: August 2021

Background: Chronic abdominal pain is one of the most common problem dealt in day to day practice by paediatricians. In most of these children, no cause can be identified. Although it is common but its definition, pathophysiological mechanisms and predisposing factors are not completely understood & there is need for large well performed clinical trials for evidence based treatment.

Methods: Hospital based prospective case control study conducted on 100 children aged 5 to 15 years in routine OPD and indoor patient fulfilling the inclusion criteria.  

Conclusion: Female gender, school going children, psychological stress, traumatic life event and lower socioeconomic status increase the prevalence of pain abdomen in children.

Keywords: Functional abdominal pain (FAP), Chronic abdominal pain. Children
TYPOLOGY OF THE FOURTH GENERATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: Perepolkin Serhii , Perepolkin Danylo , Averianova Milena
Published: August 2021

The article examines the approaches of foreign and Ukrainian scientists to the division of human rights into three generations and the adoption of the category «fourth generation of human rights» into the scientific turnover. It has been established that both the initiative to put the said proposal into practice and the legislative consolidation of human rights defined as belonging to the fourth generation of human rights at national and international levels are ambiguously perceived by representatives of different nations. It is emphasized that human rights are a complex of natural and indestructible freedoms and legal possibilities, which have emerged due to the fact of human existence in society. Jurisprudence acknowledges the existence of three generations of human rights, each of which had arisen from the need to meet needs that arose alongside the course of human evolution. Nowadays, we can say that a radically new generation of human rights is emerging. Its appearance is related to the technological progress of humanity. The rights of the fourth generation are a category of rights that is ambiguously perceived by society in different countries. A large number of such rights is criticized both by religion and by morality. At the same time, notwithstanding the ongoing scientific debate on the formation of the fourth generation of human rights, it is necessary to acknowledge the existence of human rights, which include the right to die, the human right to dispose of the organs and tissues of his body, sexual rights, reproductive rights, the right to change sex, digital rights. The fourth generation of human rights is in its formation, and therefore the scientists’ proposed approaches to the classification of human rights based on exhaustive lists cannot fully reflect its actual state. In our opinion, at the present stage of its formation, the catalog of human rights of the fourth generation should include digital rights and somatic rights. It is important to emphasize that the doctrinal discussion of the fourth generation of human rights will not provide a complete overview of the topic. Therefore, there is a need to conduct a comprehensive analysis of specific human rights of the fourth generation at the international level, taking into account the consequences that their introduction or refusal to be recognized and implemented may result.
Yöresel Tahil Ürün Olan Kavutun’un Besinsel Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KARAMAN Elif Esma , ÖZKAN Melike , YAMAN Melek
Published: August 2021

Yöresel gıdalar ve beslenme alışkanlıkları, toplumların yaşayış şekli ve şartları ile ilgili en önemli ipuçlarından olup, kültürel mirasın da birer parçasını oluşturmaktadır. Geleneksel ürünlerimizin yok olmaması, geleneksel beslenme alışkanlıklarımızın sürdürülmesi insan sağlığı açısından da büyük önem arz etmektedir. Gıda kültürümüzün korunması ve insanların sağlıklı beslenebilmesi için yöresel tatlara önem verilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu doğrultuda Türk mutfak kültüründe köklü geçmişe sahip olan kavut unu ele alınmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı kültürel miras olarak değerlendirilebilen kavut unun besin değerleri incelenerek, kavut unu ile yapılan yemeklerin besin değerleri ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda Erzurum-İspir ilçesine ait olan kavut unu kullanılmıştır. Söz konusu kavut unun besin değerleri incelenerek diğer tahıl ürünü olan buğday ve arpa unları ile kıyaslanmıştır. Daha sonra kavut unu ile yapılan çorba ve tatlı yemeklerinin besin değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda kavut ununun ve kavut unu ile yapılan yemeklerin enerji miktarı, protein, yağ, karbonhidrat ve lif gibi besinsel özelliklerinin oldukça yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır.
Pengaruh Massage Counterpressure terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Haid pada Remaja Putri di SMAN 2 Pare Kediri
Authors: Yunita Astri , Viridula Erike Yunicha
Published: August 2021

Latar Belakang : Dismenorea merupakan nyeri haid yang disebabkan oleh kram atau adanya kontraksi uterus dengan iskemia dan pelepasan prostaglandin yang berlebih. Counterpressure adalah pijatan tekanan kuat dengan cara meletakkan tumit tangan atau bagian datar dari tangan, atau juga menggunakan bola tenis. Tujuan: penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh massage counterpressure terhadap penurunan tingkat nyeri haid pada remaja putri. Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan quasy experimental design (eksperimen semu) dengan jenis desain pretest- postest time control design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh remaja putri kelas X di SMAN 2 Pare Kediri yang berjumlah 186 orang. Sampel sebanyak 24 orang terdiri dari 12 orang pada kelompok perlakuan:12 orang pada kelompok kontrol diambil dengan teknik accidental sampling. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan independent t-test. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nyeri dismenore sebelum diberikan Counterpressure ada pada kategori nyeri sedang yaitu sebanyak 21 orang (55,3%). Nyeri dismenore setelah diberikan Counterpressure ada pada kategori nyeri ringan yaitu sebanyak 22 orang (57,9%). Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa korelasi antara kedua variabel sebesar -5.414 dengan signifikansi sebesar 0,000. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa korelasi antara dua variabel rata-rata sebelum dan sesudah adalah kuat dan signifikan. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa korelasi antara dua variabel rata-rata sebelum dan sesudah adalah kuat dan signifikan. Kesimpulan: Counterpressure massage dapat menurunkan nyeri dismenoroe pada remaja putri di SMAN 2 Pare Kediri.
Gambaran Penggunaan Antibiotik Tanpa Resep di Apotek X Kabupaten Sragen
Authors: Septiana Rita , Khusna Khotimatul
Published: August 2021

Pendahuluan: Sampai saat ini tengah masyarakat seringkali dijumpai berbagai masalah dalam penggunaan obat, salah satunya adalah penggunaan antibiotik. Kenyataan dilapangan masih sering ditemui antibiotik dipergunakan secara bebas atau tanpa resep dokter. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa saja jenis dan berapa jumlah penggunaan antibiotik tanpa resep di apotek X yang merupakan salah satu apotek di Kabupaten Sragen periode November 2018 sampai April 2019. Metode: Penelitian ini berupa penelitian deskriptif retrospektif dengan subjek penelitian adalah penjualan antibiotik tanpa resep di Apotek X periode November 2018 sampai April 2019 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil: penelitian menunjukkan masih ada beberapa jenis antibiotik yang digunakan bebas tanpa resep. Kesimpulan : Rincian penggunaan antibiotik tanpa resep berdasarkan nama dan jumlah adalah sebagai berikut: Amoxiciliin 76,3%, Ciprofloxacin 5,7%, Fradiomycin sulfate dan Gramicidin 5,7%, Tetracycline 4,6%, Cefixime 4,5%, Levofloxacin 1,2%, Cefadroxil 0,9 %, Ampicillin 0,7%, Metronidazole 0,5%.
Hubungan Kepatuhan Menjalani Terapi Hemodialisa dengan Tingkat Kualitas Hidup Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik di Rumah Sakit Ginjal Rasyida Medan
Authors: Butar Butar Maria Haryati
Published: August 2021

Gagal ginjal kronik atau penyakit ginjal tahap akhir adalah gangguan fungsi ginjal yang menahun yang bersifat progresif dan irreversibel. Dimana kemampuan tubuh gagal untuk mempertahankan metabolisme dan keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit yang menyebabkan uremia (retensi urea dan sampah nitrogen lain dalam darah). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kepatuhan menjalani terapi hemodialisa dengan tingkat kualitas hidup pasien gagal ginjal kronik di Rumah Sakit Ginjal Rasyida Medan. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah sampling aksidental, sampel berjumlah 75 responden. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer, sekunder, dan tersier sedangkan analisa data yang digunakan yaitu analisa univariat dan analisa bivariat.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai p-value dengan menggunakan  uji chi-square sebesar 0,010 (α=0,05) yang artinya ada hubungan kepatuhan menjalani terapi hemodialisa dengan tingkat kualitas hidup pasien gagal ginjal kronik di Rumah Sakit Ginjal Rasyida Medan. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara stasitik ada hubungan antara  kepatuhan menjalani terapi hemodialisa dengan tingkat kualitas hidup pasien gagal ginjal kronik di Rumah Sakit Ginjal Rasyida Medan Tahun 2018. Disarankan kepada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisa agar patuh  menjalani terapi hemodialisa sesuai jadwal yang telah ditentukan sehingga kualitas hidupnya lebih baik. Untuk pihak Rumah Sakit Rasyida Medan disarankan agar dapat meningkatkan mutu pelayanan terhadap pasien yang menjalani hemodialisa.
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Disiplin Kerja Pegawai Di Puskesmas Pekan Labuhan Kecamatan Medan Labuhan
Authors: Asifa Dira
Published: August 2021

Pendahuluan; Berhasilnya organisasi dalam mencapai tujuan bukan hanya tergantung kepada kepemimpinan dan gaya kepemimpinan, juga bergantung pada kualitas SDM yaitu tentang kedisiplinan pegawai nya. Tanpa kedisiplinan kerja yang tinggi maka tugas atau pekejaan yang akan dilaksanankan tidak akan mencapai hasil yang maksimal sehingga tujuan organisasi dapat tidak tercapai dengan baik. Terdapat permasalahan di Puskesmas Pekan Labuhan yaitu tingkat disiplin kerja pegawai masih kurang baik terutama dalam hal ketaatan terhadap waktu, misalnya dalam hal tidak mematuhi ketentuan jam kerja dan tidak tepat waktu dalam penyelesaian tugas serta jarang menggunakan atribut yang lengkap seperti bad nama. Tujuan; untuk menganalisis Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Disiplin Kerja Pegawai Di Puskesmas Pekan Labuhan Kecamatan Medan Labuhan Tahun 2018. Metode; Jenis penelitian ini adalah survei analitik dengan menggunakan desain Cross Sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 39 pegawai dan sampel diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik Total Sampling. Hasil; Dari tabel uji univariat didapatkan hasil bahwa dari 4 variabel gaya kepemimpinan, mayoritas pegawai mengatakan bahwa kepala puskesmas pekan labuhan memiliki gaya kepemimpinan bebas dengan disiplin kerja pegawai sedang. Sementara berdasarkan uji bivariat menggunakan Chi-square didapatkan hasil bahwa ada 3 gaya kepemimpinan yang berpengaruh dengan disiplin kerja yaitu gaya kepemimpinan demokratik, gaya kepemimpinan birokratik dan gaya kepemimpinan bebas Kesimpulan dan saran; Hasilnya dapat disimpulkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan kepala puskesmas pekan labuhan menggunakan gaya kepemimpinan bebas serta memiliki disiplin kerja yang sedang. Disarankan agar kepala puskesmas pekan labuhan bisa menerapkan gaya kepemimpinan birokratis agar disiplin kerja pegawai dapat lebih baik lagi, kepala puskesmas juga harus bisa bersikap lebih tegas lagi dalam memimpin para pegawai nya yang melanggar aturan, lebih bisa menjalin kedekatan dengan semua pegawai, serta lebih bisa lagi mempertimbangkan saran ataupun pendapat dari para pegawai nya. Untuk para pegawai juga agar lebih bisa menaati peraturan yang telah dibuat, lebih ditingkatkan lagi semangat dalam bekerja sehingga timbul rasa tanggungjawab terhadap tugas-tugas yang diberikan serta lebih bisa lagi ditingkatkan komunikasi antara semua pegawai dengan pimpinan.
Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Perawat di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Bandung Medan
Authors: Rahmah Fahnidar
Published: August 2021

Pendahuluan; Keberhasilan rumah sakit diperoleh dari kerja sama seluruh tenaga kesehatan yang ada didalamnya. Penilaian kinerja perawat digunakan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pencapaian kinerja perawat sesuai dengan standar yang telah ditetapkan. Perawat yang merasa puas dalam bekerja akan merasa senang terhadap pekerjaanya sehingga dapat meningkatkan kinerja. Terdapat permasalahan di Rumah Sakit Bandung yaitu tingkat kinerja perawat masih kurang baik yang mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja perawat, terutama dalam hal penerimaan insentif yang tergolong kecil dan kurang efektifnya komunikasi antar sesama perawat. Tujuan; untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja perawat. Metode; Jenis penelitian ini adalah survey analitik dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 50 perawat rawat inap. Sampel diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Hasil; penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara gaji, promosi, dan komunikasi dengan kinerja perawat. Hasil uji regresi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara gaji (p =0,000 ), promosi (p= 0,005 ), Komunikasi (p= 0,001), terhadap kinerja perawat. Adapun variabel yang tidak berpengaruh yaitu pengawasan dengan kinerja perawat diperoleh nilai Pvalue = 0,073 (Pvalue 0,05), artinya Ho diterima, ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara Kepuasan pengawasan dengan Kinerja Perawat di RS Bandung Medan.   Berdasarkan hasil uji dari keempat variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap kinerja tersebut, diketahui variabel gaji adalah variabel yang memiliki pengaruh paling dominan.  Kesimpulan;  terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara kepuasan kerja dengan kinerja perawat. Disarankan kepada pimpinan Rumah Sakit Bandung agar meningkatkan jumlah gaji dan khususnya dalam pemberian insentif yang lebih adil, karena gaji merupakan kepuasan kerja yang memiliki pengaruh paling besar bagi perawat dalam melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan. Dan bagi perawat rawat diharapkan mampu menjalin hubungan sesama rekan kerja yang baik, bekerja sama, saling membantu, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kinerja perawat dalam melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan.
Analisis Pelaksanaan Pelayanan Farmasi Bagian Instalasi Kefarmasian RSUD Simeulue
Authors: Ardianti Ardianti
Published: August 2021

Pendahuluan; Standar pelayanan farmasi di rumah sakit menentukan kualitas pelayanan dan menjaga keselamatan pasien. Pelayanan farmasi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Simeulue belum sesuai standar dan belum terlaksana dengan baik. Tujuan; Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran pelaksanaan pelayanan farmasi bagian instalasi bagian kefarmasian RSUD Simeulue tahun 2018. Metode; Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan metode deskriptif. Informan kuncidalam penelitian ini adalah Direktur Rumah Sakit Umum daerah Simeulue dan kepala bagian kefarmasian berjumlah 2 orang, informan utama adalah apoteker dan asisten apoteker berjumlah 2 orang dan informan triangulasi/tambahan yaitu pasien sebanyak 2 orang. Hasil; penelitian bahwa pelaksanaan pengkajian dan pelayanan resep sudah baik, penelusuran riwayat penggunaan obat tidak berjalan dengan baik, rekonsiliasi obat tidak berjalan dengan baik, informasi obat sudah berjalan dengan baik, pelayanan konseling cenderung kurang baik, pemantauan terapi obat cenderung tidak baik, monitoring efek samping obat cenderung tidak baik dan pemantauan kadar obat dalam darah cenderung tidak baik. Kesimpulan; dalam penelitian ini bahwa pelaksanaan pelayanan farmasi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Simeulue yang sudah baik adalah pelaksanaan pengkajian pelayanan resep dan informasi obat, sedangkan pelayanan farmasi tidak baik adalah penelusuran riwayat penggunaan obat, rekonsiliasi obat, pelayanan konseling, pemantauan terapi obat, monitoring efek samping obat dan pemantauan kadar obat dalam darah.
Infrastructure Modeling and Optimization to Solve Real-time Railway Traffic Management Problems
Authors: Lindenmaier László , Lövétei István Ferenc , Lukács Gábor , Aradi Szilárd
Published: August 2021

Rail transportation helps to reach the global climate targets because it is characterized by low emission. The passenger and freight volumes on the railway increase yearly in line with EU targets. However, delays of passenger and freight trains decrease the punctuality and the reliability of the railway sector and the development of the infrastructure is not enough to increase the average speed of trains. Delays mean cost to the passengers, railway operators, infrastructure managers, and all railway undertakers. Therefore, the reason for the most significant optimization target is to minimize delays. In this paper, a possible solution has been described to solve the real-time railway traffic management problems by applying a mixed-integer linear programming approach. For validation of the research result, one simplified case study has been presented. Based on the result, the presented solution can provide effective support to dispatchers in solving real-time traffic management problems.
SYSTEMS THEORY OF SYSTEMS THINKING: GENERAL AND PARTICULAR WITHIN MODERN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION
Authors: Broks Andris
Published: August 2021

Following the concept of human as spiritual alive body, human thinking is spiritual activity of our brain – brainwork. Today we accept that thinking means processing of information what is important for management of human body life. Studying organization of human brainwork, people have discovered that all our thoughts and thinking activities are interconnected and form definite hierarchic structures. Humans reflect world as a set or network of diverse phenomena by building corresponding theories or models of observed phenomena. In other words, all phenomena in human world of thoughts are reflected as SYSTEMS, which are organizational units of Systems Thinking. Every system contains their interconnected parts and as a whole is a part of surrounding medium, made from other systems. Such hierarchic integral understanding and comprehension of human brainwork today has become the basic value of Systems Theory as theory of Systems Thinking.