bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 6 months retrospective observational study to assess the rationality and effectiveness of snake bite management in a tertiary care teaching hospital of rural Bengal, India
Authors: Dan Satrajit , Mandal Ananya , Das Abhijit , Chakrabarty Sourav , Gangopadhyay Tanmoy
Published: September 2018

Background: Snake envenomation is a common life-threatening problem encountered all-over West Bengal particularly in the rural areas. There are a large number of patients attending the Emergency unit and being admitted to the Medicine ward, some in the intensive care unit (ICU) and intensive therapy unit (ITU) of the tertiary health care facilities. The objective of this study was to assess rationality and effectiveness of management of venomous snake bite following standard protocol – Standard treatment guidelines of Government of West Bengal and National snakebite management protocol of Government of India.Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of six months (May - October 2017) duration. Data were collected from the treatment records of patients admitted with history of snake bite in the Medicine ward, ICU and ITU of tertiary care teaching hospital of rural Bengal.Results: Of the 63 venomous bite patients, most (82.5 %) were diagnosed to have features of neurotoxic envenomation. All of them (100%) received anti-snake venom (ASV). There was no incidence of anaphylactic reaction as well as any serious adverse drug reaction following ASV administration. Two patients developed acute renal failure, needed haemodialysis. Overall percentage of mortality was 3.2%.Conclusions: The survival rate in venomous snake bite is found to be high in this institution. The practice of snake bite management is found to be adherent with standard protocol. A multicentric study of longer duration is suggested to draw a firm conclusion.
Awareness and practice of road safety measures among undergraduate medical students of Al Baha University, KSA
Authors: Elshambaty Yasir B. , El Jack Ibrahim A. , Al Zahrani Saud A. , Al Ghamdi Mohammad O. , Shaker Abdulrazag O. , Al Ghamdi Khalid G. , Alelyani Mohammad A.
Published: September 2018

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the level of awareness and practice of road safety measures by medical students of Al Baha University, Saudi Arabia.Methods: The study was descriptive, cross-sectional, students-based conducted among the students of faculty of medicine, ALBaha University, between 1st to 15th May 2017.Results: A total of (n=125) students were enrolled and the vast majority (98.4%) of them aged 18-25 years. All of them are male. Around (97.6%) and (96%) of the participants have car and driving license, respectively. The majority (93.6%) of the participants were aware of road traffic regulations. The major (60%) did not receive driving training. Majority of students involved in RTA regardless the Mobile phone use during driving and driving speed. Approximately (70%) of the participants violated the traffic regulations in more than two occasions in the last year, whilst less than one third of the students use the seat belt and small percent do not use the mobile while they are driving. Around (76%) were previously involved in RTA.Conclusions: The RTAs rate was high among our students regardless their high level of awareness of traffic regulations. Studying medicine had little effect on car driving behaviour. Medical students of Al Baha University had more cars compared to their medical counterparts in the nearby regions, thus the accidents rate was found high. RTAs was multifactorial in our population. Restriction to give the driving license by the authorities is highly recommended.
A training program on first aid and basic life support skills among teachers of a school in South Delhi: a feasibility assessment
Authors: Jacob Olivia Marie , Goswami Anil , Ahamed Farhad , Dubey Mahasweta , Goswami Kiran , Gupta Nishkarsh
Published: September 2018

Background: There is a need for training teachers in first aid skills as they are the primary contact for most commonly encountered emergency situations in school scenario. The objective of the study was to assess the feasibility of a training program on first aid and basic life support skills among teachers of a school in south Delhi, India.Methods: We identified topics and prepared a training module (6-hour duration on a single day) for teachers and conducted the training in the Centre for Community Medicine department of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.Results: 40 teachers were involved in this study. The mean (SD) score before and after the training was 5.55 (1.88) and 12.4 (1.66) respectively. A significant improvement in the scores pertaining to knowledge on first aid skill was observed after the training (p<0.01).Conclusions: We conclude that training program is feasible and acceptable by teachers and improves their immediate knowledge and skills.
The association between internet addiction, social phobia and depression in medical college students
Authors: Elavarasan Karthikeyan , Dhandapani Thirunaaukarasu , Norman Prasan , D. C. Vidya , Mani Geetha
Published: September 2018

Background: Internet has become an integral part of day-to-day life of the university students. It has become indispensable. It gives unlimited access to information; it keeps you updated with the latest techniques and drugs. But internet usage is known to lead to addictive behavior, and Internet addiction threatens to develop into a major public health issue in the near future in a rapidly developing country like India.Methods: A study was conducted in a medical college of 600 students, of which 489 gave consent to participate. They were evaluated using a questionnaire which included an internet addiction scale to assess internet addiction, social phobia inventory to assess social phobia and depression and somatic scale to assess depression.Results: Of the 489 students who participated, 54.4% were females.63.8% had mild internet addiction and only 0,4% had severe addiction. Of those suffering from internet addiction 52.5% of the students were suffering from social phobia. It was found that students with internet addiction had three times the risk of developing social phobia, four times the risk of developing depression when compared with students without internet addiction.Conclusions: Excessive use of internet affects the academic achievements of students. Students addicted to internet are more involved in it and spend more time online than their studies which invariably affects their grades. Seminars and media can play an important role in making people aware of causes and effects of internet addiction.
A cross-sectional study to assess the health profile of street sweepers and sanitary workers in a zone of Greater Chennai Corporation, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Pushparani Joy Patricia , A. Chitra , J. Kalpana
Published: September 2018

Background: Sweepers and sanitary workers are getting exposed to hazardous dust during their work. The health profile of the sanitary workers and utilization of health services are not clearly known. This study aimed to assess the health profile and associated risk factors among street sweepers and sanitary workers.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 73 street sweepers and sanitary workers in a zone of Greater Chennai Corporation by multistage sampling method, during November 2016 to December 2016 using a semi structured questionnaire.Results: Among the respondents 67.1% were females, 2/3rd of them belonged to the age group of 30-40 years. Majority of them (82.2%) had reported to have musculoskeletal problems followed by respiratory problems (61.6%), ophthalmic problems (53.4%), skin problems (38.4%), mental health problems (39.7%). Most of the respondents had multiple problems. Musculoskeletal problems were more common among the female workers (p=0.002). Health problems like headache, fatigue, giddiness were more common among the workers who worked for >5 years (p=0.006). The utilization of health services was better among those workers who had formal school education (p=0.042).Conclusions: This study concludes majority of them have musculoskeletal problems followed by respiratory problems and ophthalmic problems. Usage of personal protective equipments and utilization of health services by the sweepers and sanitary workers were poor. Hence steps have to be taken to improve the health status by subjecting them to periodic screening and sensitization programs on usage of PPE.
Assessment of risk of fall in elderly people in the urban field practice area of Community Medicine Department, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Lotheti Siva Kumar , Kankanam Goutham , Sushma Kuppli Sai , Samhitha Orisi , Madhavi B. Devi
Published: September 2018

Background: More than 1/3rd of older adults fall each year and 10-20% of falls cause serious injuries. Vast majority of these falls (>99.9%) are unintentional. This research is focused to identify prevalence of the risk of fall among elderly and  associated factors were assessed in the present study. We are going assess the risk of falls and associated factors among elderly.Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in urban field practice area of Community Medicine Department, Andhra Medical College among people of age >60 years during November 2017. A sample size of 100 is obtained by taking prevalence of falls among elderly on the last 6 months as 36.8% and absolute precision is 10%. A structured interview schedule has been adopted for the study which was developed by Peninsula Health Falls Prevention Services.Results: Mean age is 69±7 years. 65% are females. 20% have medium to high risk of fall. 17% have severely impaired cognitive status. 19% have history of fall one or more times in last 3–12 months.Conclusions: 20% risk of fall may not be neglected as fall in elderly can lead to disability. It is recommended to health care providers to assess the risk of fall among elderly patients seeking their services using fall risk assessment tool (FRAT) and advice accordingly.
A study to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding biomedical waste management among health care personnel of C. U. Shah Medical College and Hospital, Surendranagar
Authors: Amin Pavan P. , Sochaliya Kishor M. , Kartha Girija P.
Published: September 2018

Background: Healthcare generates a large amount of healthcare waste, which is complex to manage because of its variety and potential to create health and safety hazards if improperly handled. Inadequate management of biomedical waste can be associated with risks to healthcare workers, patients, communities and their environment. The aims and objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of health care personnel in C. U. Shah Hospital, Surendranagar regarding Biomedical Waste Management (BMW).Methods: This hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in C. U. Shah Medical College, Surendranagar from February 2017 to March 2017. The study consisted of 300 Health Care Workers as participants, which included 100 doctors, 100 resident doctors and 100 paramedical staff. The data was collected using a predesigned, semi structured questionnaire containing questions on KAP regarding bio-medical waste management.Results: The awareness regarding legislation and disposal of BMW as per color coded bags was found in 79% and 85% of the participants respectively. Only 54% of the respondents knew that BMW should not be stored beyond 48 hours and 91.7% participants are agreed that needle stick injury is a major concern. All the participants are following the practice of not recapping the used needle. 75% respondents disposed sharp materials in translucent bag.Conclusions: Knowledge regarding biomedical waste management among doctors is satisfactory as compared to other health care workers. This has led to the poor practice of biomedical waste handling and management, hence exposing themselves and the public in general to health and environment hazards.
Does emotional intelligence upon interaction with perceived stress, moderate burnout among resident doctors? A study from West Bengal, India
Authors: Saha Indrajit , Mitra Satabdi
Published: September 2018

Background: Burnout as a result of perceived stress is a jeopardizing condition for a medical graduate during the years of acquiring proficiency. Emotional intelligence (EI) is a coping strategy to handle vocational stress. The objectives of the study were to assess the effects of various predictors on resident doctors’ burnout and moderation effects of TEI by interaction with perceived stress.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2016 among 61 postgraduate trainees and 54 internees/ house staff respectively over various departments of Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire for background characteristics and work-related variables. Cohen perceived stress scale, Trait EI questionnaire and Shirom-Melamed burnout questionnaire were applied for measuring perceived stress, EI, and burnout, respectively. Statistical analysis was done with of SPSS version 22.0, and for moderation analysis, Andrew F. Hyne’s SPSS macro was adopted. Nonparametric bootstrapping was done.Results: In binary logistic regression, residents’ burnout was found to have significant association to heavy duty load and negative life event in recent past. In moderation analysis, a significant interaction effect with coefficient=0.031 (p=0.002) indicating that the relationship between the perceived stress (PS) and burnout was moderated by TEI.Conclusions: TEI is an important moderator of stress and resultant burnout of resident doctors. Training of EI of these professionals might bring about better work performance, psychological adaptation and well-being of individuals and society as a whole.
Study of reproductive hygiene among married women at urban field practice area, Dharwad
Authors: Patil Pushpa S. , Rao Ashwini V.
Published: September 2018

Background: Women have to be assessed at every stage of her life to lead a healthy lifestyle free from diseases such as reproductive tract infections (RTI) and sexually transmitted infections, which can be easily prevented by good reproductive hygiene practices. There is a paramount need to address these problems at the earliest as they are increasing rapidly. This study was conducted to ascertain the practices of personal, menstrual and sexual hygiene among married women of reproductive age group, to determine the early symptoms of RTI’s in them and to determine association with key demographic variables and symptoms of RTI’s.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among married women of reproductive age group visiting the urban health centre, Dharwad using semistructured questionnaire after taking informed consent from them. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Frequencies and Chi-square tests were applied.Results: All the study participants practiced good personal hygiene practices. 59% of study participants used sanitary pads.78% washed their external genitalia during menstruation. 86% washed their genitalia after sexual intercourse. Backache (31%) was the most common symptom of RTI. Significant association was found between age and boils in the vaginal area (p=<0.01), age and low backache (p=0.013) and age and pain during coitus (p=0.006).Conclusions: In our study most of them were aware of the correct hygienic practices. Backache is the most common symptom of RTI among them. Couples have to be educated on reproductive hygiene to prevent infections.
Knowledge of hand hygiene among healthcare providers in a tertiary care hospital, Bengaluru
Authors: Vidusha Karavadi Sri Sai , Menzil Margaret
Published: September 2018

Background: Healthcare providers (HCPs) have been identified as the most common vehicle for transmission of hospital acquired infections (HAIs) from patient to patient and within the healthcare environment. Hand hygiene has been identified as the single most important, simplest and least expensive means of preventing HAIs. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge of hand hygiene among healthcare providers in a tertiary care hospital in Bengaluru.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among all the health care providers who have been working in the hospital for more than one year. Total 122 health care providers were included in the study. A semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire was developed and used to obtain information on respondent’s socio-demographic characteristics, and knowledge of hand hygiene. For collecting data in this study, the World Health Organization (WHO) "Hand Hygiene Knowledge Questionnaire "revised 2009 edition was used. Descriptive statistics was used as necessary.Results: A total of 122 health care providers participated in the study. Among them 78 (63.9%) have received formal training in hand washing. The mean age of the study participants was 29.11±8.6 years. Majority opined that hand rubbing is required before palpation of the abdomen (86.9%) knowledge about hand hygiene was found to be moderate in majority of the study subjects (144 out of 200, 74%).Conclusions: In the present study the knowledge on hand hygiene among health care providers is moderate it highlights the importance of improving the current training programs targeting hand hygiene practices among health care providers.
Prevalence and pattern of alcohol consumption among males attending primary health care setting using AUDIT in rural Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Bute Jayashri , Kori Sangeeta , Arora V. K. , Sahasrabuddhe Aarti
Published: September 2018

Background: Alcohol consumption is one of the public health problems in India which acts as major attributable risk factor for majority of morbidity and mortality among adults. The objectives of the study were to find out the prevalence of alcohol consumption and its associated factors in rural area by using a WHO tool, AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) and to identify extent and pattern of alcohol consumption.Methods: This study was cross-sectional study. Three hundred sixty four male patients ≥15 years of age, attending OPD in a primary health care setting were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire and AUDIT.Results: The overall prevalence of ever consumed alcohol was found to be 49.7%; of which 38.2% were current drinkers and 11.5% were former drinkers while rest 50.3% were life time abstainers. Educational status, occupation, tobacco use and positive family history were significantly associated with alcohol consumption; while type and size of family, socioeconomic status were found insignificant association. About 53.9% preferred country-made liquor while 23.8% Indian Made Foreign Liquor (IMFL). Enjoyment (45.3%), relaxation or stress buster or social cause (29.5%), peer pressure (25.2%) being the reasons for alcohol consumption. In 33% of consumers, daily drinking and in 36% consumers, 1-5 times per week frequency for alcohol drinking was seen respectively. Three fourth of them purchased alcohol from local shops. Out of 364 subjects 75% belongs to AUDIT score of low risk, 11.2% with alcohol use in excess of low risk, 3.6% with harmful and hazardous drinking and 10.2% with dependent drinking.Conclusions: In our study, alcoholism is found to be more common among illiterates, non-formers, among tobacco users and those having positive family history. Socio economic status and age is not the bar for alcohol consumption.
A rapid appraisal of causes of child death in community settings in district Bhopal
Authors: Gour Devendra , Toppo Manju , Melwani Veena , Khan Amreen , Dohare Pradeep , Dandotiya Dileep
Published: September 2018

Background: Child mortality is considered as a core indicator for child health and well-being. SRS (December 2016) has shown that maximum IMR is in Madhya Pradesh which is 50 per 1000 live births and U5MR is 77 per 1000 live birth (2011). The study was carried out with the objectives to list out and categorize medical as well as socio-economic factors associated with these deaths and to evaluate the current status of child deaths in terms of the provision of health services and gaps in planning and execution of these services.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 42 deaths which occurred in Home settings in Bhopal District. A team visited the identified household and conducted in depth interview regarding the entire event related to antenatal care, place of delivery, intranatal and postnatal care, accessibility of the health services and quality of care rendered that contributed to poor child health that resulted in the death of the child.Results: Out of 42 child deaths covered, 23 took place in the neonatal period, of which 21 were home deaths. 47.61% were attended by trained birth attendant. Breastfeeding was started immediately in 94.11% neonates whereas 5.88% were breastfed second day or later. 19 deaths took place in the post neonatal period, of which 17 were home deaths. (68.75%) were breast fed immediately within one hour of birth.Conclusions: A majority of home based child deaths are occurring in families with high illiteracy rates and those belonging to BPL families.
Prediction of 10 years risk of cardiovascular disease among adults aged 30-49 years residing in South Kolkata, West Bengal
Authors: Dasgupta Aparajita , Paul Bobby , Bandyopadhyay Lina , Mandal Shamita , Banerjee Rajarshi , Pan Tania
Published: September 2018

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among 30-49 years i.e. 2nd and 3rd decade of adulthood who are vulnerable to utmost stress and strain of life. This study was conducted to predict the ten years risk of cardiovascular disease and calculate vascular age of adults aged 30-49 years.Methods: This community based, observational, cross-sectional study was done from August-October’17 among 182 individuals aged 30-49 years residing in South Kolkata, West Bengal. Data collection was done using a structured questionnaire along with B.P. measurement and lipid profile test. ‘Framingham heart study CVD risk calculator online version’ was used to calculate CVD risk and vascular age. Participants with known CVD, pregnancy were excluded from the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 16.0 and descriptive statistics were employed to express results through appropriate tables and figures.Results: The mean ten years predicted CVD risk of the study subjects was 5.9%±5.3%, 63.7% participants had low risk of CVD and only 3.9% had high risk. CVD risk is well associated with increasing age, male gender, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and use of tobacco. The mean vascular age (46.5±6.1 years) was much higher than the actual mean biological age (39.1±15.0 years) of the participants. Almost 2/3rd of study subjects had more vascular age than their actual biological age.Conclusions: Further studies are required to prove the appropriateness of this online calculator and to establish vascular age as an alternate modality for prediction of CVD related events.
Clinico-epidemiological features of Japanese encephalitis patients hospitalized in a tertiary care center
Authors: Sarkar Abu Hasan , Das Bishnu Ram
Published: September 2018

Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is of particular interest as it has a high morbidity and mortality. Neurological sequale is the most dreaded damage caused by JE. It is a preventable disease with specific interventions. The objective of the study was to study the demography, clinical profile and outcome of patients with Japanese Encephalitis admitted to the wards of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics at Jorhat Medical College Hospital.Methods: Hospital based observational study for one year in Jorhat Medical College, Jorhat, Assam.Results: The mean age for JE was 32.25±27 years for male, 27.47±22 years for female and 29.94±24 years overall. Assessment of clinical signs and symptoms showed that fever and change in mental status were present in 100% of JE cases followed by neck rigidity in 79.3% and headache in 68.9%. 44.8% of JE cases had history of seizure, 37.9% had vomiting, 34.5% had irritability, 13.8% were unconscious. The peak of JE incidence occurred in the month of July (77.6%). Complete recovery was seen in 39.2%, followed by death in 32.6% and recovery with neurological sequalae in 28.2% at the time of discharge.Conclusions: Vigorous awareness activities should be carried out to sensitize people on prevention of JE.
A cross-sectional study on menstrual hygiene practices among school going adolescent girls (10-19 years) of Government Girls Inter College, Saifai, Etawah
Authors: Gupta Nandini , Kariwala Peeyush , Dixit Anand M. , Govil Parag , . Mahima , Jain Pankaj K.
Published: September 2018

Background: Menstrual hygiene is a key concern of adolescent health. Females spend around six to seven years of their lives menstruating. Still the menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is mostly neglected. Menstrual hygiene is a taboo; even females are uncomfortable discussing and educating their daughters about this topic. To understand the problem faced by females during menstruation specially in their adolescent age this study was conducted. This study was done to find out knowledge about menstrual hygiene, to study hygiene related practices among school going adolescent girls of Government Girls Inter College (GGIC), Saifai, Etawah.Methods: School based cross-sectional study was undertaken among the adolescent school going girls of GGIC, who were purposively selected. All girls of between the age group of 10 19 years who have attained menarche were selected and the sample size came out to be 212.Results: The mean age of attainment of menarche was 13.17 years with majority of girls having no idea about menstruation before menarche (76.4%). 48.6% girls used only sanitary pads as the absorbent material. It was concluded that there is significant association between the absorbent material used and the socio-economic status of the family (p=0.03173).Conclusions: There is a need of accurate and adequate information about menstruation and its effective management. The restrictions which are imposed on girls during menstruation should be understood and dealt in a proper way. Thus this study was conducted.
Effect of arsenic safe water on manifestations of arsenicosis
Authors: Majumdar Kunal Kanti
Published: September 2018

Background: Reports are few in the literature on the long term effect of chronic arsenic toxicity after stoppage of drinking arsenic contaminated water. The object of the study is to ascertain the effect of drinking of arsenic safe water for prolonged period in an arsenic affected population in West Bengal, India.Methods: A longitudinal intervention study was conducted from December 2017 to July 2018. Manifestations of various skin lesions and systemic diseases associated with chronic arsenic exposure were ascertained initially by carrying on baseline study on 200 families having 1200 family members in Madanpur village of Murshidabad district of West Bengal. The study population was taking water from tube wells with arsenic level >50 µg/l. The base line study findings were compared objectively at the end of six months follow up period after installation of a community filter in the village.Results: 2% of the study population was having one or more dermatological and non dermatological manifestations of arsenicosis. There was 4.2% decrease in prevalence of pigmentation but no change in prevalence of keratosis in the follow up survey with 40% decrease in prevalence of non dermatological manifestations after taking arsenic safe water at the end of 6 months of follow up study. Around 60% of population was not aware about adverse health effects of arsenicosis and 70% not taking animal protein regularly.Conclusions: Outcome of arsenical skin lesion following drinking of arsenic safe water depends on initial level and duration of arsenic exposure.
Breeding habitats of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and awareness about prevention of dengue in urban Chidambaram: a cross sectional study
Authors: A. R. Boornema , T. K. Senthil . Murugan
Published: September 2018

Background: Dengue is an acute viral infection with potential fatal complications. It can be controlled by effective vector control measures. The present study was carried out to identify preferred breeding habitats of the vector. Also the knowledge and awareness among people regarding dengue fever was assessed.Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted for a period of one month. Lot quality technique was used to select five streets in urban area, Chidambaram. A pre tested proforma and questionnaire was used.Results: A total of 205 households was surveyed. The mean age of the study population was 43.38 years. 71.7% were females. 47.8% were qualified till college. 52.2% were housewives. 80% were aware that dengue was transmitted by mosquito bite. 31.7% of them knew that aedes mosquito spread the disease and 56.6% were aware that its a day biter. Most of the information was obtained through television (43.1%). 33.7% of them used mosquito repellents. 62% preferred seeking immediate medical care for fever during outbreaks. Numbers of indoor and outdoor breeding sites were 15 and 126 respectively. The refrigerator trays were the most common indoor breeding site (42.2%). Discarded plastic containers were the major outdoor breeding habitat. The association between knowledge about dengue with education and source of information was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: Dengue is one of the major public health problem which can be effectively controlled with active participation of the community and also by implementing sustainable vector control measures.
Prevalence of undetected refractive errors among school children: a cross sectional study in urban Etawah, India
Authors: Sachan Neha , Srivastava Dhiraj , Jain P. K. , Bajpai Prashant Kumar , Singh Santosh Kumar , Mehra Jyoti
Published: September 2018

Background: Refractive error is the most common cause of blindness which can be corrected easily. Uncorrected refractive errors are responsible for about 19.7% of blindness in India. The aim and objectives of the study were to find out the prevalence of undetected refractive errors in school children and to find out associated factors related to it.Methods: This was a cross sectional study in which school children studying in class 5th to 11th were included. Vision of all the children was checked by using Snellen’s chart. The responses were recorded on a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. Data entry was done in MS-EXCEL sheet and analysis was done by using SPSS-23.Results: There are total 350 students out of which 200 (57%) are males and 150 (43%) are females. The undetected refractive error is present in 12% males and 15.3% females. Thus, 47 out of 350 (13.4%) of the children had prevalence of undetected refractive errors.Conclusions: It is recommended that adequate preschool examination of the children be made mandatory as a part of the admission policy of all the schools. In addition, there should be periodic examination of the school children at least on annual basis.
Poverty and common mental disorders in India: the inseparable twins
Authors: Sriram Shyamkumar
Published: September 2018

CMDs are a significant cause of morbidity and disability. A large proportion of the population of India lives below the poverty line. This policy report aims to contribute to India’s CMD prevention strategy by reviewing the relationship between CMDs and poverty. While more Indian studies are needed, this review identifies access barriers and social security insufficiencies and recommends measures to address them.
GROTESQUE BY PETER HACKS
Authors: Seibel N. E.
Published: September 2018

A grotesque in the work of Peter Hacks is not simply reception, but conceptual connection of funny and tragic, amusing and intimidating. Genre of the works (many of them) an author designated as a «fairy-tale» are addressed to the adult readers and carry in itself the palette of feelings from sad irony to cruel sarcasm. «Dramatist of the two Germanies» creates character on a joint fantastic and knowable. One of the most frequency methods of creation of grotesque character in his works is the pun related to the polysemanticism of the concept «Size» (Größe). It is an important unit of aesthetics of thin parodist and author of whole corps of grotesque plays. The physical sizes of his giants and titans can coincide or not coincide with potential of personality. In the first case personages get in the field of authorial humour, in the second – there is a grotesquely-satiric and even grotesquely-tragic effect. Authorial antitheses from that Hacks extracts a maximum of senses are no less important. An element his heroes operate in that is created on the joint of size and banality, talent and low middle class, spirit and domestic little things, force and weakness, uniqueness and repetition. An author actively uses the collision of scales, reiteration and duplicity, collision of corporality and sex appeal with the questions of politics, connection human and animal the worlds, giving the especially abstract concepts of physical properties, transformation etc. In agregate the train of his grotesques is built in authorial conception of historical progress being based on the idea of objectively nascent equilibrium, contrary often to opposite egoistical aspirations of figures, «creating» history.
FORMATION OF STUDENT’S COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN THE PROCESS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING ON THE BASIS OF LMS MOODLE
Authors: Rubtsova E. A.
Published: September 2018

According to the Federal state educational standard, studying foreign languages is aimed at achieving goals, connected with developing communicative competency, ability and readiness for independent continuous learning a foreign language and using a foreign language in other fields of knowledge. With this objective in mind, the paper evaluates the efficiency of using LMS Moodle resources in teaching and stresses their role for modern language development in general. The paper also mentions the vital importance of using a foreign language in professional training of future specialists. It points out that using LMS Moodle in teaching implies developing communicative competence of engineering students.The paper presents the results of research, aimed at studying the essence of such notions as «communicative competence» and «foreign language communicative competence». It also determines the methodological basis of the research, comprised by pedagogical and psychological theories and Russian and foreign theories of professional education and the concept of pedagogical integration. The analysis of research allowed to identify the structure of communicative competency, noting its variety, as well as the composition of foreign language speaking communicative competency by characterizing its constituent competencies.The paper also mentions the advantages of LMS Moodle platform, used in teaching English in engineering higher educational institutions, and points to the viability of using blended learning. The paper presents planning of classes on particular topics and identifying kinds of teaching activities and means of students’ knowledge and skills control using LMS Moodle interactive tools.
Intramural training quality monitoring
Authors: Rudnevа Т. I. , Rubtsova T. P.
Published: September 2018

Development of mechanisms of educational institution functioning ensuring quality is caused by integration of Russia into global universe, reconsideration of higher education institutions management principles in the conditions of administrative decisions’ independent adoption. Requirements of the customer to quality of educational services in connection with his personal orientation to the result of training allowing to apply knowledge and abilities gained in higher education institution to successful acceptance of professional solutions have at the same time increased.Effective management of education quality is impossible without constant process tracking. This function is performed by the monitoring allowing to obtain necessary information that increases the level of interaction of education subjects, to accumulate data arrays and to carry out accurate calculations and forecasts for the purpose of educational risks reduction. Monitoring in the sphere of science and practical activities is the way of reality research that confirms its relevance. In the article the problem of intra high school monitoring training quality is considered. Researchers note the need of objective information obtaining instrument creation on quality of functioning of all system links that in general influences quality of students’ training. Ensuring quality of training is a system task which solution is impossible without training results monitoring of students in disciplines. The quality of training in discipline is accepted as pedagogical category in the structure of which the set of personal characteristics promoting development of educational contents and developing during educational process is allocated. Monitoring of training quality is the training quality management mechanism; it is in a special way organized continuous process of tracking indicators of personality quality for the purpose of adoption of effective administrative decisions on correction of educational process, to creating favorable conditions as a result of the analysis, assessment and interpretation of the obtained information. The formula of training quality calculation in concrete discipline is presented that can be almost significant for the teacher exercising the current control.
Dieta de Leptodactylus macrosternum (Amphibia; Anura; Leptodactylidae) no Sertão da Paraíba, Brasil
Authors: Costa Dyego Francisco Silva da , Oliveira Jean Carlos Dantas de , Oliveira Jônnata Fernandes de , Chaves Marcio Frazão , Silva Josimar Nogueora da , Sousa Thiago Pereira de
Published: September 2018

Entender a ecologia alimentar de anuros é essencial para compreender a biologia de vida destes animais. Essas informações fornecem dados necessários sobre seu habitat, morfologia, fisiologia e comportamento. Nesse sentido objetivou-se analisar a dieta de uma população Leptodactylus macrosternum, da fazenda Cajueiro, município de Catolé do Rocha, Sertão paraibano. As coletas ocorreram mensalmente entre os meses de outubro de 2013 e junho de 2014, realizadas por meio de busca ativa auditiva/visual. Em laboratório, verificou- se os conteúdos alimentares até o nível taxonômico de Ordem. Foram identificadas 10 categorias alimentares, sendo sete pertencentes à classe Insecta, duas Arachinida e uma Gasthropoda, além de vegetais e terra/pedra. Os principais itens alimentares na dieta, segundo o Índice de Importância Alimentar, foram Coleoptera e Hymenoptera, seguidos de Odonata, Hemiptera e Orthoptera, não ocorrendo de modo geral modificações significativas no consumo dos itens alimentares. As alterações no consumo dos itens na dieta de L. macrosternum, possivelmente resultam da disponibilidade, associada a variações pluviométricas da região. Diet of Leptodactylus macrosternum (Amphibia Anura: Leptodactylidae) in the backlands of Paraiba, BrazilAbstract: Understanding the frogs food ecology is essential to understand the biology of life of these animals. This information provides necessary data on their habitat, morphology, physiology and behavior. In the study we analyzed the diet of a Leptodactylus macrosternum population, of the farm Cajueiro, city of Catolé do Rocha, wilderness region of Paraíba. The gatherings were executed between October of 2013 and June of 2014, by hearing/visual active search. In the laboratory, the food contents were analyzed in the taxonomic categories of Order. Were identified 10 feeding categories, being 7 belonging to the class Insecta, 2 Arachinida, 1 Gasthropoda, in addition to vegetables and ground/rock. The main food items in the diet, according to the Index of Alimentary Importance, were Coleoptera and Hymenoptera, followed by Odonata, Hemiptera and Orthoptera, generally not occurring significant changes in the consumption of the food items. Changes in the consumption of items in L. macrosternum diet possibly result from the availability, associated with variations in rainfall in the region.
Acurácia de relações hipsométricas para diferentes estratégias de validação em Eucalyptus urograndis
Authors: Oliveira Roberta Rodrigues de , Oliveira Ximena Mendes de , Silva Gabriela Cristina Costa , Mayrinck Rafaella Carvalho
Published: September 2018

O uso de relações hipsométricas é essencial para empresas florestais, uma vez que a medição de altura de todas as árvores da parcela tornaria o inventário oneroso. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar cinco modelos hipsométricos com cinco estratégias de ajuste, usando 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 árvores. Os dados provêm de um povoamento de Eucalyptus urograndis em Turmalina, Minas Gerais. Foram estratificadas cinco classes diamétricas, sendo mensuradas 10 árvores por classe. A altura foi obtida com uso de um clinômetro eletrônico, e o DAP, com a utilização de uma suta. Posteriormente, as árvores foram abatidas e suas alturas reais foram obtidas com trena. Com os dados reais de altura e diâmetro, foi possível ajustar os modelos hipsométricos. A seleção do melhor modelo foi baseada nos seguintes critérios: coeficiente de determinação (R²), erro padrão residual (Syx), análise gráfica dos resíduos e raiz quadrada do erro médio (RMSE). Foram selecionados os melhores modelos dentro de cada estratégia. Ao analisar o gráfico de dispersão, foi possível perceber se houve tendenciosidade na estimativa, mostrando que existe uma normalidade e homogeneidade da variação entre os dados reais e estimados. Nas estratégias com 5, 10 e 15 árvores, o melhor modelo foi o Parabólico e, para 20 e 25 árvores foi o modelo de Prodan.Acuracy of hipsometric relations to different validations procedures for Eucalyptus urograndisAbstract: The use of hypsometric relationships is essential for forest companies, since a height measurement of all the trees in the plot would make the inventory onerous. The objective of this work was to evaluate five models with five adjustment strategies, using 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 trees in the fitting. The data come from an Eucalyptus urograndis stand in Turmalina, Minas Gerais. Five diametric classes were stratified, and 10 trees per class were measured. The height was obtained with the use of an electronic physician and a DAP using a clinometer. Later, as trees were felled and their actual heights were obtained with a measuring tape. With the real data of height and diameter, it was possible to adjust hypsometric models. (R²), residual standard error (Syx), graphical residue analysis and mean square error root (RMSE). We selected the best models within each strategy. When analyzing the dispersion graph, it was possible to perceive that there was no tendency in the models, showing that there is a normality and homogeneity of the variation between the real and estimated data. In fitting the models with5, 10 and 15 trees, the best model for the Parabolic and for fitting using 20 and 25 trees, the best model was Prodan.
Temperatura de secagem da casca da cebola para obtenção de chá
Authors: Albuquerque Aline Pacheco , Alves Deborah Evellyn Gomes , Rocha Ana Paula Trindade , Araújo Gilmar Trindade , Araújo Alfredina Dos Santos
Published: September 2018

Objetivou-se realizar através do processo de secagem convectiva, o reaproveitamento do resíduo da cebola, especificamente a casca, para obtenção do pó, analisando os parâmetros físicos para posterior aplicação como chá. Os pós e chás foram submetidos às caracterizações físicas, químicas e físico-químicas. No tratamento estatístico, empregou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos inteiramente casualizados com 4 tratamentos e 3 repetições, os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e a comparação de médias foi feita pelo teste de Tukey à 5% de probabilidade. A casca da cebola apresenta um maior teor de acidez em ácido pirúvico que as amostras secas (pó). As cascas da cebola apresentam uma luminosidade clara, assim como o chá em ambas as temperaturas, observando assim que a mesma não alterou esse parâmetro nas duas formas (casca e chá). A temperatura interferiu de forma satisfatória na casca para os valores de flavonoides, em contrapartida os valores de antocianinas, clorofilas e carotenoides foram insatisfatórios, para os chás, observou-se que os valores de flavonoides, carotenoides, clorofila e antocianinas tiveram um decréscimo e apresentaram uma variação nos valores com a mudança de temperatura. Por conseguinte, pode-se concluir que o uso de diferentes temperaturas de secagem torna-se inviável, sendo que a elaboração do chá com as cascas in natura proporciona a obtenção de teores mais elevados dos componentes.
Levantamento Etnobotânico de Quintais Agroflorestais em Agrovila no Município de Altamira, Pará
Authors: Pereira Sâmya Cristina Brazão , Jardim Iselino Nogueira , Freitas Alessandra Doce Dias , Paraense Vinicius de Campos
Published: September 2018

Os sistemas agroflorestais surgiram como alternativas de uso da terra, capazes de conciliar a produção agrícola e florestal, concomitantemente à conservação dos recursos naturais. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os quintais agroflorestais em Agrovila no município de Altamira, Pará, em relação à composição e diversidade florística, além dos usos das plantas. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de 26 quintais estabelecidos na agrovila Princesa do Xingu, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas junto aos informantes-chave, selecionados através da técnica bola de neve. Para analisar o uso e relevância das espécies levantadas foram calculados os índices de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener, equitabilidade de Pielou e valor de importância (IVs). Foram identificadas 118 espécies vegetais pertencentes a 52 famílias botânicas, destacando-se: Fabaceae, Arecaceae, Anacardiaceae, sendo a maioria utilizada especialmente na alimentação das famílias. Dentre as espécies com maior valor de importância para os entrevistados, destacaram-se a laranja, coco, manga, cacau, cupuaçu, limão e açaí. As categorias alimentar e medicinal foram as mais importantes para os entrevistados, as quais indicaram preocupação com a segurança alimentar e saúde para a comunidade rural, respectivamente. Os índices de Shannon-Wiener e de equitabilidade de Pielou indicaram, respectivamente, diversidade moderada e menor heterogeneidade de indivíduos por espécies nos quintais da agrovila Princesa do Xingu.
Dalcídio Jurandir. O açaí-rizoma: a hierarquização e o romance
Authors: Ximenes Ponte Romero
Published: September 2018

O autor estabelece os critérios da antihiperbolização da floresta amazônica no romance Dalcidiano. Articula, outrossim, como o açaí é usado por Dalcídio Jurandir como o intercessor para explicar a relação colher/transportar/processar/consumir açaí como o equivalente de classe e subalternização.
Resenha do livro - Amazônia: região universal e teatro do mundo.
Authors: Silva Ellen Caroline dos Santos
Published: September 2018

BOLLE, Willi; CASTRO, Edna; VEJMELKA, Marcel. Amazônia: região universal e teatro do mundo. São Paulo, Globo, 2010.
Introduction
Authors: Holcomb Justin S. , Johnson David A.
Published: September 2018

This introduction sets forth the fact that throughout church history there have been various perspectives about the sacraments, perspectives differing in how a sacrament is defined, how the grace of God is administered and received in a sacrament, and the importance of sacraments in the life of the church and in individual believers. Different theologies of sacraments exist not because the Christian tradition is inherently contentious and cannot reach a consensus, but because each moment, era, and epoch raises different questions about the nature, efficacy, and purpose of sacraments. The various contributors of each chapter are introduced and their theological perspective on theologies of sacraments summarized as written in their respective chapters. This introduction concludes with a call for mutual humility and respect, regardless of where one identifies oneself among the various theologies of sacraments.