bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potentially inappropriate medications according to PRISCUS list and FORTA (Fit fOR The Aged) classification in geriatric psychiatry: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Schulze Westhoff Martin , Groh Adrian , Schröder Sebastian , Proskynitopoulos Phileas Johannes , Jahn Kirsten , Klietz Martin , Krichevsky Benjamin , Stichtenoth Dirk O. , Wedegärtner Felix , Bleich Stefan , Frieling Helge , Heck Johannes
Published: September 2022

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) constitute a frequent cause of hospitalization in older people. The risk of ADRs is increased by the prescription of potentially inappropriate medications for older people (PIMs). The PRISCUS list and the FORTA classification represent established tools to detect PIMs. The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of PIM prescriptions on the gerontopsychiatric ward of a university hospital in Germany. To this aim, medication charts of 92 patients (mean age 75.9 ± 7.7 years; 66.3% female) were analyzed on a weekly basis until patient discharge by utilization of the PRISCUS list and the FORTA classification. Overall, 335 medication reviews comprising 2363 drug prescriptions were analyzed. 3.0% of the prescribed drugs were PIMs according to the PRISCUS list, with benzodiazepines and Z-drugs accounting for nearly half (49.3%) of all PIM prescriptions. 30.4% of the patients were prescribed at least one PRISCUS-PIM, while 43.5% of the study population took at least one FORTA class D drug. A considerable proportion of gerontopsychiatric patients were affected by PIMs; however, the overall number of PIM prescriptions in the study population was low. Further improvements in the quality of prescribing should target the use of sedating agents such as benzodiazepines and Z-drugs. Physicians should be aware of discrepancies between the PRISCUS list and the FORTA classification.
Comparative cytocompatibility of the new calcium silicate-based cement NeoPutty versus NeoMTA Plus and MTA on human dental pulp cells: an in vitro study
Authors: Lozano-Guillén Ana , López-García Sergio , Rodríguez-Lozano Francisco Javier , Sanz José Luis , Lozano Adrián , Llena Carmen , Forner Leopoldo
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The aim of the present in vitro study is to determine the cytocompatibility of the recently introduced NeoPutty in contact with human dental pulp cells compared with its precursor NeoMTA Plus and the classic gold standard MTA Angelus.

Materials and methods

Sample disks were obtained for each of the tested materials (5 mm diameter; 2 mm thickness; n = 30), along with 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 material eluents. HDPCs were extracted and cultured with the tested materials (test groups) or in unconditioned medium (control group), and the following biocompatibility assays were performed: MTT assay, scratch wound assay, cell cytoskeleton staining assays, and cell attachment assessment via SEM. Additionally, material ion release and surface element composition were evaluated via ICP-MS and SEM–EDX, respectively. Each experimental condition was carried out three times and assessed in three independent experiments. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05.

Results

1:2 dilutions of all the tested materials exhibited a comparable cell viability to that of the control group at 48 and 72 h of culture (p < 0.05). The same was observed for 1:4 dilutions of the tested materials at 24, 48, and 72 h of culture (p > 0.05). All the tested materials exhibited adequate cytocompatibility in the remaining biocompatibility assays. MTA exhibited a significantly higher calcium ion release compared to NeoPutty and NeoMTA Plus (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The results from the present work elucidate the adequate cytocompatibility of NeoPutty, NeoMTA Plus, and MTA Angelus towards human dental pulp cells.

Clinical relevance

Within the limitations of the present in vitro study, our results may act as preliminary evidence for its use in vital pulp therapy as a pulp capper. However, results need to be interpreted with caution until further clinical supporting evidence is reported.
Envisioning networked provenance data storytelling with American cuneiform collections
Authors: Buchanan Sarah A.
Published: September 2022

Cuneiform tablets remain founding cornerstones of two hundred plus collections in American academic institutions, having been acquired a century or more ago under dynamic ethical norms and global networks. To foster data sharing, this contribution incorporates empirical data from interactive ArcGIS and reusable OpenContext maps to encourage tandem dialogues about using the inscribed works and learning their collecting histories. Such provenance research aids, on their own, initiate the narration of objects’ journeys over time while cultivating the digital inclusion of expert local knowledge relevant to an object biography. The paper annotates several approaches institutions are or might consider using to expand upon current provenance information in ways that encourage visitors’ critical thinking and learning about global journeys, travel archives, and such dispositions as virtual reunification, reconstructions, or restitution made possible by the provenance research.
Cognitive and behavioral involvement in ALS has been known for more than a century
Authors: Zago Stefano , Lorusso Lorenzo , Aiello Edoardo N. , Ugolini Martino , Poletti Barbara , Ticozzi Nicola , Silani Vincenzo
Published: September 2022

Background

Among clinicians and researchers, it is common knowledge that, in ALS, cognitive and behavioral involvement within the spectrum of frontotemporal degenerations (FTDs) begun to be regarded as a fact in the late 1990s of the twentieth century. By contrast, a considerable body of evidence on cognitive/behavioral changes in ALS can be traced in the literature dating from the late nineteenth century.

Methods

Worldwide reports on cognitive/behavioral involvement in ALS dating from 1886 to 1981 were retrieved thanks to Biblioteca di Area Medica “Adolfo Ferrate,” Sistema Bibliotecario di Ateneo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy and qualitatively synthetized.

Results

One-hundred and seventy-four cases of ALS with co-occurring FTD-like cognitive/behavioral changes, described in Europe, America, and Asia, were detected. Neuropsychological phenotypes were consistent with the revised Strong et al.’s consensus criteria. Clinical observations were not infrequently supported by histopathological, post-mortem verifications of extra-motor, cortical/sub-cortical alterations, as well as by in vivo instrumental exams—i.e., assessments of brain morphology/physiology and psychometric testing. In this regard, as earlier as 1907, the notion of motor and cognitive/behavioral features in ALS yielding from the same underlying pathology was acknowledged. Hereditary occurrences of ALS with cognitive/behavioral dysfunctions were reported, as well as familial associations with ALS-unrelated brain disorders. Neuropsychological symptoms often occurred before motor ones. Bulbar involvement was at times acknowledged as a risk factor for cognitive/behavioral changes in ALS.

Discussion

Historical observations herewith delivered can be regarded as the antecedents of current knowledge on cognitive/behavioral impairment in the ALS-FTD spectrum.
A green approach for modification and functionalization of wool fabric using bio- and nano-technologies
Authors: Ibrahim Nabil A. , Amin Hala A. , Abdel-Aziz Mohamed S. , Eid Basma M.
Published: September 2022

In the present work, we propose a green and sustainable strategy for eco-friendly surface modification of wool structure using biosynthesized kerationlytic proteases, from C4-ITA-EGY, Streptomyces harbinensis S11-ITA-EGY and Streptomyces carpaticus S33-ITA-EGY, followed by subsequent environmentally sound functionalization of the bio-treated substrates using ZnONPs, ZrO2NPs, ascorbic acid and vanillin, individually, to provide durable antibacterial as well as UV-protection properties. Both surface modification changes and the extent of functionalization of the final products were characterized by SEM, EDX, antibacterial efficacy, UV-blocking ability, loss in weight, nitrogen content and durability to washing analysis. The obtained data reveal that the developed green wool fabrics exhibit outstanding durable antibacterial activity and UV-blocking ability for fabricating multi-functional textile products that can be utilized in a wide range of sustainable protective textiles, irrespective of the used post-finishing formulation ingredients. The results also show that both modification and functionalization processes are governed by the type of enzyme and kind of active material respectively. Moreover, the biosynthesized kerationlytic proteases could be accessibly used to remove protein-based stains like blood and egg.

Graphical abstract
Physical functioning as a predictor of retirement: Has its importance changed over a thirty-year period in Sweden?
Authors: Eyjólfsdóttir Harpa S. , Agahi Neda , Fritzell Johan , Lennartsson Carin
Published: September 2022

Many countries, including Sweden, are implementing policies aimed at delaying retirement and encouraging older workers to remain on the labour market for longer. During recent decades, there have been several major reforms to the pension and social security systems in Sweden. Moreover, the nature of occupations has shifted towards more non-manual and sedentary activities, older women are today almost as active in the labour market as men in Sweden, and physical functioning has improved over time. In this study, we investigate whether the importance of physical functioning as a predictor for retirement has changed over time, for women and men, respectively. We used four waves of nationally representative data from The Swedish Level of Living Survey from 1981, 1991, 2000, and 2010, together with income register data. We found that greater severity of musculoskeletal pain and mobility limitations increased the likelihood of retirement in all waves. Results from logistic regression models with average marginal effects and predictive margins showed that there is a trend towards physical functioning becoming less important for retirement towards the end of the study period, especially for women, when controlling for occupational-based social class, age, adverse physical working conditions, and job demands. People, especially women, reporting impaired physical functioning did not retire to the same extent as in previous decades. This indicates that people stayed longer in the labour market despite impaired physical functioning, which may have repercussions on well-being and quality of life.
When should researchers cite study differences in response to a failure to replicate?
Authors: Colaço David , Bickle John , Walters Bradley
Published: September 2022

Scientists often respond to failures to replicate by citing differences between the experimental components of an original study and those of its attempted replication. In this paper, we investigate these purportedmismatch explanations. We assess a body of failures to replicate in neuroscience studies on spinal cord injury. We argue that a defensible mismatch explanation is one where (1) a mismatch of components is adifference makerfor a mismatch of outcomes, and (2) the components arerelevantly differentin the follow-up study, given the scope of the original study. With this account, we argue that not all differences between studies are meaningful, even if they are difference makers. As our examples show, focusing only on these differences results in disregarding the representativeness of the original experiment’s components and the scope of its outcomes, undercutting other epistemic aims, such as translation, in the process.
Scaffolding Close Reading of Mathematical Text in Pre-service Primary Teacher Education at the Tertiary Level: Design and Evaluation
Authors: Rezat Sebastian , Malik Sara , Leifeld Markus
Published: September 2022

Even in the digital age, learning mathematics at an academic level still requires much reading of mathematical text. Research has shown that reading mathematical text requires readers to engage with all the structures of the book and with its pedagogical voice, making connections, and plausible reasoning. Specific practices and strategies that support the close reading of mathematical text have been suggested; however, descriptions and empirical evaluations of materials designed to support these activities are rare. We present the design and first evaluation cycle of materials developed in a design research project that aims to scaffold close reading of mathematical text. The materials were designed and evaluated in a German university course on elementary geometry for first-year teacher education students who study mathematics to become primary teachers. The reading strategies were explained and modeled for students in reading-strategy videos. Additionally, close reading of mathematical text was scaffolded by close-reading tasks and homework tasks and problems that build on the reading strategies and were specifically designed to foster understanding of the mathematical text. Survey data were collected from 296 students to evaluate their use of and attitude toward the different materials. The quantitative results indicate that students used the materials and were generally able to learn the course content by themselves. From all provided materials, they found the close-reading tasks most helpful. A qualitative analysis of answers to open questions revealed issues with different materials, particularly with the script, and requests for additional materials. The issues with the script were categorized inductively. The categories are presented as a qualitative result of the study and discussed.
Topological dissimilarities of hierarchical resting networks in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity
Authors: Aranyi Sándor Csaba , Képes Zita , Nagy Marianna , Opposits Gábor , Garai Ildikó , Káplár Miklós , Emri Miklós
Published: September 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is reported to cause widespread changes in brain function, leading to cognitive impairments. Research using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data already aims to understand functional changes in complex brain connectivity systems. However, no previous studies with dynamic causal modelling (DCM) tried to investigate large-scale effective connectivity in diabetes. We aimed to examine the differences in large-scale resting state networks in diabetic and obese patients using combined DCM and graph theory methodologies. With the participation of 70 subjects (43 diabetics, 27 obese), we used cross-spectra DCM to estimate connectivity between 36 regions, subdivided into seven resting networks (RSN) commonly recognized in the literature. We assessed group-wise connectivity of T2DM and obesity, as well as group differences, with parametric empirical Bayes and Bayesian model reduction techniques. We analyzed network connectivity globally, between RSNs, and regionally. We found that average connection strength was higher in T2DM globally and between RSNs, as well. On the network level, the salience network shows stronger total within-network connectivity in diabetes (8.07) than in the obese group (4.02). Regionally, we measured the most significant average decrease in the right middle temporal gyrus (-0.013 Hz) and the right inferior parietal lobule (-0.01 Hz) relative to the obese group. In comparison, connectivity increased most notably in the left anterior prefrontal cortex (0.01 Hz) and the medial dorsal thalamus (0.009 Hz). In conclusion, we find the usage of complex analysis of large-scale networks suitable for diabetes instead of focusing on specific changes in brain function.
Protective role of Codiaeum variegatum against genotoxicity induced by carmustine in somatic and germ cells of male mice
Authors: Fahmy Maha A. , Farghaly Ayman A. , Hassan Entesar E. , Hassan Zeinab M. , Abd-Alla Howaida I.
Published: September 2022

Background

Carmustine (Cr) is an important chemotherapeutic drug, widely used in the treatment of brain tumors. Herein, the protective role of Codiaeum variegatum leaves ethyl acetate fraction was determined against genotoxicity of Cr. The technique HPLC-qTOF-MS/MS was used to identify the constituents in C. variegatum.

Materials

90 male mice were used to evaluate micronuclei (MPCEs) in bone marrow, chromosomal aberration (CAs) in bone marrow and mouse spermatocytes, sperm abnormalities, and gene expression (qRT-PCR). The following groups were included, I: Negative control (ethanol 30%), II: Positive control (i.p injected once with 30 mg/kg Cr), III: Control orally treated with C. variegatum at 500 mg/kg, four days. IV-VI: treated with 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg of the plant (4 days) plus a single dose of Cr.

Results

In bone marrow, Cr induced significant increase in MPCEs and CAs by 3 and 7-folds respectively over the control. Cr also induced a significant percentage of CAs in spermatocytes in meiosis in the form of univalent (X–Y and autosomal univalent) and also a significant percentage of morphological sperm abnormalities was recorded. A large number of coiled tail abnormalities were detected indicating the effect of Cr in sperm motility. Cr induced an overexpression of p53 gene. C. variegatum mitigated all deleterious genotoxic effects of Cr. Chemical analysis showed that flavones (35.21%) and phenolic acids (17.62%) constitute the main components.

Conclusions

The results indicated that Cr is genotoxic in both somatic and germ cells. The active components in C. variegatum together participate in the obtained protective role.
Acute colonic flexures: the basis for developing an artificial intelligence-based tool for predicting the course of colonoscopy
Authors: Wozniak Slawomir , Pawlus Aleksander , Grzelak Joanna , Chobotow Slawomir , Paulsen Friedrich , Olchowy Cyprian , Zaleska-Dorobisz Urszula
Published: September 2022

Tortuosity of the colon is an important parameter for predicting the course of colonoscopy. Computed tomography scans of the abdominal cavity were performed in 224 (94 female, 130 male) adult subjects. The number of acute (angle not exceeding 90°) bends between adjacent colonic segments was noted and analyzed. Data were analyzed for correlation with gender, age, height and weight. An artificial intelligence algorithm was proposed to predict the course of colonoscopy. We determined the number of acute flexions in females to be 9.74 ± 2.5 (min–max: 4–15) and in males to be 8.7 ± 2.75 (min–max: 4–20). In addition, more acute flexions were found in women than in men and in older women (after 60 years) and men (after 80 years) than in younger ones. We found the greatest variability in the number of acute flexures in the sigmoid colon (0–9), but no correlation was found between the number of acute flexures and age, gender, height or BMI. In the transverse colon, older and female subjects had more flexures than younger and male subjects, respectively. Older subjects had more acute flexures in the descending colon than younger subjects. There are opportunities to use the number of acute flexures (4–7, 8–12, more than 12 flexures) to classify patients into appropriate risk categories for future incomplete colonoscopy. On this basis, we predicted troublesome colonoscopies in 14.9% female and in 6.1% male subjects.
Feasibility study of underbalanced drilling using geomechanical parameters and finite element method
Authors: Larki Ehsan , Ayatizadeh Tanha Abbas , Khosravi Mohammad , Fazaeilzadeh Mohammad
Published: September 2022

Wellbore instability causes main concerns in the oil and gas industry due to personnel safety and overall expenditure. Several signs such as wellbore spalling, the rate of penetration reduction, pipes sticking, well unnatural wash out, wellbore collapsing, induce fracture could indicate wellbore instability during drilling. A balance between stress concentration near the wellbore and rock strength is the primary condition for a wellbore stability during drilling. Thus, instability due to the failure of wellbore rocks occurs when the intensity of the effective stress exceeds rock strength. In underbalanced drilling (UBD), the wellbore is considered unstable since no pressure or maybe not enough pressure is applied on the well from the drilling fluid, and the pore pressure is considered undesirable stress on the wellbore, so the difference between these two pressures is applied on the wellbore. Consequently, the wellbore instability issue in the UBD approach is of great importance. UBD is mainly used to reduce the damage to geological formation and the risk of drilling fluid loss while increasing the drilling rate. This study has investigated the stability of a well in Iranian Oilfield using FLAC software considering yielded regions (plastic) for different mud weights. The investigation and analysis of the FLAC output plots, especially the plasticity plot, concluded that the ideal and optimal pressure for applying UBD conditions while also ensuring wellbore stability ranges 15.2–16.8 MPa.
Mulberry Diels–Alder-type adducts: isolation, structure, bioactivity, and synthesis
Authors: Luo Si-Yuan , Zhu Jun-Yu , Zou Ming-Feng , Yin Sheng , Tang Gui-Hua
Published: September 2022

Mulberry Diels–Alder-type adducts (MDAAs) are unique phenolic natural products biosynthetically derived from the intermolecular [4 + 2]-cycloaddition of dienophiles (mainly chalcones) and dehydroprenylphenol dienes, which are exclusively distributed in moraceous plants. A total of 166 MDAAs with diverse skeletons have been isolated and identified since 1980. Structurally, the classic MDAAs characterized by the chalcone-skeleton dienophiles can be divided into eight groups (Types A − H), while others with non-chalcone dienophiles or some variations of classic MDAAs are non-classic MDAAs (Type I). These compounds have attracted significant attention of natural products and synthetic chemists due to their complex architectures, remarkable biological activities, and synthetic challenges. The present review provides a comprehensive summary of the structural properties, bioactivities, and syntheses of MDAAs. Cited references were collected between 1980 and 2021 from the SciFinder, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI).

Graphical Abstract
Basic needs satisfaction during a teaching practicum: an intraindividual perspective on preservice teachers’ motivation and interindividual associations to mentoring
Authors: Jähne Miriam F. , Dehne Mathias , Klaß Susi , Gröschner Alexander
Published: September 2022

Learning in a teaching practicum is highly intraindividual. However, to date, this dynamic process has been investigated mainly through trait-like, interindividual (between-person) statistics, whereas a state-like intraindividual (within-person) perspective, especially regarding motivation, has been rarely applied. This study aimed to disentangle the basic needs of 115 preservice teachers into their trait-like, interindividual and state-like, intraindividual proportions using biweekly measurement occasions. This analytical approach allowed us to relate preservice teachers’ situational basic needs satisfaction to specific learning occasions in the practicum. Applying a random intercept cross-lagged panel model, we found generally few carry-over effects from measurement occasion to measurement occasion. Furthermore, negative cross-lagged interrelations between competence and autonomy as well as competence and relatedness were found at the beginning of the teaching practicum. School mentoring predicted the general satisfaction of all three basic needs. Implications of this new analytical perspective for further research are discussed.
Are vertical jumps able to predict 24-month follow-up functional geriatric assessment in a healthy community-dwelling older cohort?
Authors: Diekmann Rebecca , Hellmers Sandra , Lau Sandra , Heinks Andrea , Elgert Lena , Bauer Juergen M. , Zieschang Tania , Hein Andreas
Published: September 2022

Background

When older adults fall below the thresholds of functional geriatric assessment (FGA), they may already be at risk of mobility impairment. A reduction in (jumping) power could be an indication of functional decline, one of the main risk factors for falls.

Objective

This paper explores whether six-month delta (∆) values of muscle power can predict 24-month follow-up FGA in older adults.

Methods

This observational study of independent, healthy, high-performing community-dwelling adults aged 70 + years involved FGA (mobility, balance, and endurance tests) at baseline (t0), after 6 months (t1), and after 24 months (t2); maximum jumping power (max JP) was determined at t0 and t1. A predictive linear model was developed in which the percentage change of Δmax JP0,1 was transferred to all FGA (t0) values. The results were compared with measured FGA values at t2 via sensitivity and specificity in terms of the clinically meaningful change (CMC) or the minimal detectable change (MDC).

Results

In 176 individuals (60% female, mean age 75.3 years) the mean percentage (SD) between predicted and measured FGA ranged between 0.4 (51.3) and 18.11 (51.9). Sensitivity to identify the CMC or MDC of predicted FGA tests at t2 ranged between 17.6% (Timed up and go) and 75.0% (5-times-chair-rise) in a test-to-test comparison and increased to 97.6% considering clinically conspicuousness on global FGA.

Conclusion

The potential of jumping power to predict single tests of FGA was low regarding sensitivity and specificity of CMC (or MDC). 6 months Δmax JP seem to be suitable for predicting physical function, if the measured and predicted tests were not compared at the test level, but globally, in the target group in the long term.
Missing Race and Ethnicity Data among COVID-19 Cases in Massachusetts
Authors: Spangler Keith R. , Levy Jonathan I. , Fabian M. Patricia , Haley Beth M. , Carnes Fei , Patil Prasad , Tieskens Koen , Klevens R. Monina , Erdman Elizabeth A. , Troppy T. Scott , Leibler Jessica H. , Lane Kevin J.
Published: September 2022

Infectious disease surveillance frequently lacks complete information on race and ethnicity, making it difficult to identify health inequities. Greater awareness of this issue has occurred due to the COVID-19 pandemic, during which inequities in cases, hospitalizations, and deaths were reported but with evidence of substantial missing demographic details. Although the problem of missing race and ethnicity data in COVID-19 cases has been well documented, neither its spatiotemporal variation nor its particular drivers have been characterized. Using individual-level data on confirmed COVID-19 cases in Massachusetts from March 2020 to February 2021, we show how missing race and ethnicity data: (1) varied over time, appearing to increase sharply during two different periods of rapid case growth; (2) differed substantially between towns, indicating a nonrandom distribution; and (3) was associated significantly with several individual- and town-level characteristics in a mixed-effects regression model, suggesting a combination of personal and infrastructural drivers of missing data that persisted despite state and federal data-collection mandates. We discuss how a variety of factors may contribute to persistent missing data but could potentially be mitigated in future contexts.
Dynamic scheduling for semiconductor manufacturing systems with uncertainties using convolutional neural networks and reinforcement learning
Authors: Liu Juan , Qiao Fei , Zou Minjie , Zinn Jonas , Ma Yumin , Vogel-Heuser Birgit
Published: September 2022

The dynamic scheduling problem of semiconductor manufacturing systems (SMSs) is becoming more complicated and challenging due to internal uncertainties and external demand changes. To this end, this paper addresses integrated release control and production scheduling problems with uncertain processing times and urgent orders and proposes a convolutional neural network and asynchronous advanced actor critic-based method (CNN-A3C) that involves a training phase and a deployment phase. In the training phase, actor–critic networks are trained to predict the evaluation of scheduling decisions and to output the optimal scheduling decision. In the deployment phase, the most appropriate release control and scheduling decisions are periodically generated according to the current production status based on the networks. Furthermore, we improve the four key points in the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm, state space, action space, reward function, and network structure and design four mechanisms: a slide-window-based two-dimensional state perception mechanism, an adaptive reward function that considers multiple objectives and automatically adjusts to dynamic events, a continuous action space based on composite dispatching rules (CDR) and release strategies, and actor–critic networks based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed dynamic scheduling method, it is implemented on a simplified SMS. The simulation experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the unimproved A3C-based method and the common dispatching rules under the new uncertain scenarios.
On the similarity measures of N-cubic Pythagorean fuzzy sets using the overlapping ratio
Authors: Shumrani Mohammed A. Al , Gulistan Muhammad
Published: September 2022

The similarity measures are essential concepts to discuss the closeness between sets. Fuzzy similarity measures and intuitionistic fuzzy similarity measures dealt with the incomplete and inconsistent data more efficiently. With time in decision-making theory, a complex frame of the environment that occurs cannot be specified entirely by these sets. A generalization like the Pythagorean fuzzy set can handle such a situation more efficiently. The applicability of this set attracted the researchers to generalize it into N-Pythagorean, interval-valued N-Pythagorean, and N-cubic Pythagorean sets. For this purpose, first, we define the overlapping ratios of N-interval valued Pythagorean and N-Pythagorean fuzzy sets. In addition, we define similarity measures in these sets. We applied this proposed measure for comparison analysis of plagiarism software.
Non-linear Isolator for Vibration and Force Transmission Control of Unbalanced Rotating Machines
Authors: Dal Bo Loris , Gardonio Paolo , Battistella Nicola , Turco Emanuele
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The objective of this paper is to investigate with simulations how non-linear spring and non-linear damper components of isolators can be employed to effectively reduce both the oscillations and the force transmitted to ground in the whole spinning range of unbalanced rotating machines.

Methods

The principal goal of this paper is twofold. First, to present a concise and consistent formulation based on the harmonic balance approach for the vibration response of spinning machines mounted on linear/non-linear, softening/hardening, un-tensioned/pre-tensioned springs and linear/non-linear dampers. Second, to provide a comprehensive overview of the vibration and force transmission control with non-linear isolators specifically tailored to unbalanced machines.

Results

The study has shown that, the best vibration isolation is provided by a pre-tensioned linear and cubic softening spring combined with a linear and negative quadratic damper. The pre-tensioned spring should be designed in such a way as it holds the weight of the machine and thus produces on the vibrating machine a symmetric elastic restoring force proportional to the linear and cubic powers of the displacement. The cubic softening stiffness should then be tuned to minimise the frequency, and thus the amplitude, of the resonant response of the fundamental mode of the machine and elastic suspension system, while preserving stability and a desired static deflection. In parallel, to reduce the force transmission to ground above the fundamental resonance frequency, the negative quadratic damping effect should be tailored to maximize the energy absorption at higher frequencies.

Conclusion

The study has shown that non-linear spring and non-linear damper components can be effectively employed to control the vibration and force transmission in the whole spinning range of the machine. In particular, a pre-tensioned softening cubic non-linear spring can be used to mitigate the vibration and force transmission at low frequencies, close to the fundamental natural frequencies of the elastically suspended machine. Also, a negative quadratic non-linear damper can be used to tailor the energy dissipation of the isolator in such a way as to have high damping at low frequencies and low damping at higher frequencies, which enhances the vibration and force transmission control at low frequencies and, rather importantly, mitigates the force transmission at higher frequencies.
Auditing of AI in Railway Technology – a European Legal Approach
Authors: Gesmann-Nuissl Dagmar , Kunitz Stephan
Published: September 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) promises major gains in productivity, safety and convenience through automation. Despite the associated euphoria, care needs to be taken to ensure that no immature, unsafe products enter the market, especially in high-risk areas. Artificial intelligence systems are therefore to be integrated into the European Union’s existing product safety system by the planned AI regulation. This is accomplished by horizontally linking the draft AI regulation (AI-Act) with the existing harmonizing legal acts that ensure the safety of products and provide for a complex system of approval and testing concepts for this purpose. The railway sector is no exception, which is why potential AI systems for monitoring tracks or simple and accurate train detection are also subject to this approval regime. The following article highlights the challenges that exist in the railway sector on the path to verifiable AI systems in this regulatory context.
Genitourinary and Sexual Symptoms and Treatments in Transfeminine Individuals: A Qualitative Exploration of Patients’ Needs
Authors: Chung Paul H. , Swaminathan Vishal , Spigner Sabina T. , Leong Joon Yau , Bulafka Jessica , Frasso Rosemary
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Medical providers may not be familiar with the genitourinary and sexual symptoms of transgender and non-binary (TGNB) individuals. This lack of familiarity may hinder a provider's ability to address these issues as patients may hesitate to report symptoms due to fear of stigma, misgendering, and being treated disrespectfully.

Aim

To describe the array of genitourinary and sexual symptoms in transfeminine individuals.

Methods

Upon institutional review board approval, researchers used semi-structured interviews with 25 transfeminine individuals assigned male at birth to explore urinary and sexual symptoms on a sample of convenience. Participants were recruited and interviews were conducted until saturation was achieved. Two research assistants independently coded all de-identified transcripts and resolved discrepancies.

Outcomes

Thematic codes pertaining to genitourinary and sexual symptoms were defined and assessed in this study.

Results

Some genitourinary symptoms unrelated to hormone therapy or genital gender-affirming surgery (GGAS) included frequency, urgency, nocturia, and incontinence, while those attributed to GGAS included slow stream, spraying, and retention. Sexual symptoms unrelated to hormone therapy or GGAS included sexually transmitted infections, erectile dysfunction, and low libido. Sexual symptoms related to GGAS included delayed ejaculation, penile pain, scar tissue pain, and pain with receptive vaginal penetration.

Clinical Implications

Increased provider awareness of and accountability for the treatment of genital and sexual symptoms of transfeminine individuals.

Strengths and Limitations

Open-ended questions were used to generate a range of responses and perspectives through conversation instead of quantifiable data. Findings are not applicable to all TGNB people since participants were limited to transfeminine adults assigned male at birth only. Recruitment was limited by the sensitive nature of the topic and hard-to-reach populations and relied on convenience through flyers and a chain-referral sampling approach.

Conclusion

Transfeminine individuals experience a wide array of genitourinary and sexual symptoms both similar and different to their cis gender counterparts.
Dante the Theologian
Authors: Turner Denys
Published: September 2022

An understanding of Dante the theologian as distinct from Dante the poet has been neglected in an appreciation of Dante's work as a whole. That is the starting-point of this vital new book. In giving theology fresh centrality, the author argues that theologians themselves should find, when they turn to Dante Alighieri, a compelling resource: whether they do so as historians of fourteenth-century Christian thought, or as interpreters of the religious issues of our own times. Expertly guiding his readers through the structure and content of the Commedia, Denys Turner reveals – in pacy and muscular prose – how Dante's aim for his masterpiece is to effect what it signifies. It is this quasi-sacramental character that renders it above all a theological treatise: whose meaning is intelligible only through poetry. Turner's Dante 'knows that both poetry and theology are necessary to the essential task and that each without the other is deficient.'
Mobile (for) Development
Authors: Al Dahdah Marine
Published: September 2022

With their widespread use in the Global South, mobile phones are attracting growing interest from international aid actors and local authorities alike, who are positioning mobile technology as a growth driver and a solution to many social problems. Initiated by giants of the digital industry, these policies are reviving old questions about technological development, the relationship between the market sector and States, and the role of technology in the inequalities between the Global North and Global South. Through a multi-sited ethnography on maternal care in Ghana and India, this Element provides a first-hand look at initiatives that promise to improve poor women's health in the Global South through the use of mobile phones; a field known as Mobile Health or mHealth. Attentive to the way in which these technical objects modify power relations at both international and local levels, this Element also discusses how mHealth transforms care practices and healthcare.
Stability conditions for contraction algebras
Authors: August Jenny , Wemyss Michael
Published: September 2022

This paper gives a description of the full space of Bridgeland stability conditions on the bounded derived category of a contraction algebra associated to a$3$-fold flop. The main result is that the stability manifold is the universal cover of a naturally associated hyperplane arrangement, which is known to be simplicial and in special cases is an ADE root system. There are four main corollaries: (1) a short proof of the faithfulness of pure braid group actions in both algebraic and geometric settings, the first that avoid normal forms; (2) a classification of tilting complexes in the derived category of a contraction algebra; (3) contractibility of the stability spaceassociated to the flop; and (4) a new proof of the$K(\unicode{x3c0} \,,1)$-theorem in various finite settings, which includes ADE braid groups.
Clinical, microbiological, and genomic characteristics of clade-III Candida auris colonization and infection in southern California, 2019–2022
Authors: de St. Maurice Annabelle , Parti Urvashi , Anikst Victoria E. , Harper Thomas , Mirasol Ruel , Dayo Ayrton J. , Garner Omai B. , Prabaker Kavitha K. , Yang Shangxin
Published: September 2022

Background:

Candida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen causing outbreaks in healthcare facilities. Five distinctive genomic clades exhibit clade-unique characteristics, highlighting the importance of real-time genomic surveillance and incorporating genotypic information to inform infection prevention practices and treatment algorithms.

Methods:

Both active and passive surveillance were used to screen hospitalized patients. C. auris polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay on inguinal-axillary swabs was performed on high-risk patients upon admission. All clinical yeast isolates were identified to the species level. C. auris isolates were characterized by both phenotypic antifungal susceptibility tests and whole-genome sequencing.

Results:

From late 2019 to early 2022, we identified 45 patients with C. auris. Most had a tracheostomy or were from a facility with a known outbreak. Moreover, 7 patients (15%) were only identified through passive surveillance. Also, 8 (18%) of the patients had a history of severe COVID-19. The overall mortality was 18%. Invasive C. auris infections were identified in 13 patients (29%), 9 (69%) of whom had bloodstream infections. Patients with invasive infection were more likely to have a central line. All C. auris isolates were resistant to fluconazole but susceptible to echinocandins. Genomic analysis showed that 1 dominant clade-III lineage is circulating in Los Angeles, with very limited intrahost and interhost genetic diversity.

Conclusions:

We have demonstrated that a robust C. auris surveillance program can be established using both active and passive surveillance, with multidisciplinary efforts involving the microbiology laboratory and the hospital epidemiology team. In Los Angeles County, C. auris strains are highly related and echinocandins should be used for empiric therapy.
The role of monolayer viscosity in Langmuir film hole closure dynamics
Authors: Jia Leroy L. , Shelley Michael J.
Published: September 2022

We re-examine the model proposed by Alexanderet al.(Phys. Fluids, vol. 18, 2006, 062103) for the closing of a circular hole in a molecularly thin incompressible Langmuir film situated on a Stokesian subfluid. For simplicity their model assumes that the surface phase is inviscid which leads to the result that the cavity area decreases at a constant rate determined by the ratio of edge tension to subfluid viscosity. We reformulate the problem, allowing for a regularising monolayer viscosity. The viscosity-dependent corrections to the hole dynamics are analysed and found to be non-trivial, even when the monolayer viscosity is small; these corrections may explain the departure of experimental data from the theoretical prediction when the hole radius becomes comparable to the Saffman–Delbrück length. Through fitting, under these relaxed assumptions, we find the edge tension could be as much as six times larger ($\sim$4.0 pN) than reported previously.
Advancing theorizing about fast-and-slow thinking
Authors: De Neys Wim
Published: September 2022

Human reasoning is often conceived as an interplay between a more intuitive and deliberate thought process. In the last 50 years, influential fast-and-slow dual-process models that capitalize on this distinction have been used to account for numerous phenomena – from logical reasoning biases, over prosocial behavior, to moral decision making. The present paper clarifies that despite the popularity, critical assumptions are poorly conceived. My critique focuses on two interconnected foundational issues: the exclusivity and switch feature. The exclusivity feature refers to the tendency to conceive intuition and deliberation as generating unique responses such that one type of response is assumed to be beyond the capability of the fast-intuitive processing mode. I review the empirical evidence in key fields and show that there is no solid ground for such exclusivity. The switch feature concerns the mechanism by which a reasoner can decide to shift between more intuitive and deliberate processing. I present an overview of leading switch accounts and show that they are conceptually problematic – precisely because they presuppose exclusivity. I build on these insights to sketch the groundwork for a more viable dual-process architecture and illustrate how it can set a new research agenda to advance the field in the coming years.
Occurrence patterns of the endangered Yellow Cardinal Gubernatrix cristata in north-east Argentina: only in savannahs and at sites away from roads
Authors: Reales Fabricio , Dardanelli Sebastián , Frutos Antonio E. , Lammertink Martjan
Published: September 2022

The endangered Yellow Cardinal Gubernatrix cristata is under pressure from habitat loss and from capturing for the cage bird trade. In north-east Argentina it is known to be associated with the Espinal ecoregion, but no information was available on habitat selection within this ecoregion. In Entre Ríos province, Argentina, we first sampled Yellow Cardinal presence in four environments: Espinal savannahs, Espinal open woodlands, riparian woodlands, and agricultural fields. Yellow Cardinals were only detected in savannahs. In a second set of surveys, transects were surveyed at sites with known presence of Yellow Cardinals and were placed within savannahs as well as nearby in open forests of only slightly different physiognomy. Yellow Cardinals were again only detected in savannahs. Tree density, shrub cover and height of herbaceous layer were lower in savannahs than in open woodlands. Ground-foraging Yellow Cardinals in savannahs foraged exclusively in grass patches with short grass of 3˗12 cm height. Such short grass occurred in 75% of spots of savannahs sites, but only in 48% of open woodlands. Savannah sites with Yellow Cardinals were significantly further away from permanent roads than sites without Cardinals, likely a reflection of capture pressure near roads. We recommend establishing additional protected areas with a high proportion of savannah patches and with limited or no road access. The short grass used by foraging Yellow Cardinals requires maintenance through grazing. Rewilding with native herbivores in protected areas is preferable to attain natural herbivory, but during the initial stages of rewilding, cattle and sheep grazing are essential to avoid tree and shrub proliferation in savannahs. The Yellow Cardinal can also persist on private lands with Espinal vegetation under sustainable livestock grazing. Frequent and effective patrolling and road controls are essential to reduce illegal capturing.
Radical Creative Semantic Anchoring: Creative-action metaphors and timbral interaction
Authors: Simurra Ivan , Messina Marcello , Aliel Luzilei , Keller Damián
Published: September 2022

This paper explores participatory and socially engaged practices in ubiquitous music (ubimus). We discuss recent advances that target timbre as their focus while incorporating semantic strategies for knowledge transfer among participants. Creative Semantic Anchoring (ASC from the original in Portuguese) is a creative-action metaphor that shows promising preliminary results in collaborative asynchronous activities. Given its grounding in local resources and its support for explicit knowledge, ASC features a good potential to boost socially distributed knowledge. We discuss three strategies that consolidate and expand this approach within ubiquitous music and propose the label Radical ASC. We investigate the implications of this framework through the analysis of two artistic projects:AtravessamentosandNtrallazzu.