bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
If this place is full of it, I’m not a part of it: validating the organizational bullshit perception scale
Authors: Wilmore Thomas Quincy , Kriletic Ana , Svyantek Daniel J. , Donnelly Lilah
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the validity of Ferreira et al.’s (2020) Organizational Bullshit Perception Scale by examining its distinctiveness from similar constructs (perceptions of organizational politics, organizational cynicism, procedural justice) and its predictive validity through its relations with important organizational attitudes (organizational identification) and behaviors (counterproductive work behavior and organizational citizenship behavior). This study also examines the moderating effects of honesty–humility on the relations between organizational bullshit perception and the outcomes of counterproductive work behavior, organizational citizenship behavior and organizational identification. Finally, this study examines the incremental validity of organizational bullshit perception in predicting counterproductive work behavior, organizational citizenship behavior and organizational identification above and beyond similar constructs in an exploratory fashion.

Design/methodology/approach

Survey data were collected from a sample of working adults online via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk platform across two waves (final N = 323 for wave 1 and 174 for wave 2), one month apart.

Findings

The results indicate that organizational bullshit perception, as measured by Ferreira et al.’s (2020) scale, represents a distinct construct that has statistically significant relations with counterproductive work behavior, organizational citizenship behavior and organizational identification, even after controlling for procedural justice, organizational cynicism and perceptions of organizational politics. The results, however, showed no support for honesty–humility as a moderator.

Practical implications

These findings suggest that organizations can benefit from assessing and working to alleviate their employees’ perceptions of organizational bullshit. This construct predicts behaviors and attitudes important for organizational functioning.

Originality/value

This study adds to Ferreira et al.’s (2020) original work by demonstrating organizational bullshit perception’s distinctiveness from existing constructs in the literature and its implications for organizations and their employees.
A novel technique to analyze the fractional model of Williamson and Casson non-Newtonian boundary layer flow
Authors: Jalili Bahram , Sadinezhad Fard Milad , Khan Yasir , Jalili Payam , Ganji D.D.
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The current analysis produces the fractional sample of non-Newtonian Casson and Williamson boundary layer flow considering the heat flux and the slip velocity. An extended sheet with a nonuniform thickness causes the steady boundary layer flow’s temperature and velocity fields. Our purpose in this research is to use Akbari Ganji method (AGM) to solve equations and compare the accuracy of this method with the spectral collocation method.

Design/methodology/approach

The trial polynomials that will be utilized to carry out the AGM are then used to solve the nonlinear governing system of the PDEs, which has been transformed into a nonlinear collection of linked ODEs.

Findings

The profile of temperature and dimensionless velocity for different parameters were displayed graphically. Also, the effect of two different parameters simultaneously on the temperature is displayed in three dimensions. The results demonstrate that the skin-friction coefficient rises with growing magnetic numbers, whereas the Casson and the local Williamson parameters show reverse manners.

Originality/value

Moreover, the usefulness and precision of the presented approach are pleasing, as can be seen by comparing the results with previous research. Also, the calculated solutions utilizing the provided procedure were physically sufficient and precise.
Building assertiveness and listening skills using dysfunctional peer project scenarios
Authors: Levesque Laurie L.
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to provide an experiential learning exercise that develops student skills in assertive communication and listening in the context of dysfunctional group projects. It offers iterative planning, roleplays and reflection. Variations incorporate additional practice, interim debriefing or multiple partners.

Design/methodology/approach

A scaffolded approach introduces assertiveness and listening. Students prepare and discuss feedback scripts for two scenarios about problematic team members, articulate perceptions of blame (to call attention to bias) and identify listening tactics. They receive additional scenarios with complementary roles to analyze individually and then practice with new partners. In one, they are assertive, and in the other, they are the dysfunctional group member.

Findings

The challenges represented by the scenarios resonate with students. Many are shocked by the difficulty of speaking assertively with “problem” group members and find the iterative practice helpful.

Practical implications

Students avoid directly addressing problems caused by peers or request instructor intervention. This iterative activity helps them close the knowing-doing gap by practicing assertive communication, feedback and listening within the context of realistic group project situations.

Social implications

This activity develops learner confidence and capacity to handle similar situations. It incorporates valuable soft skills that are transferable to the workplace.

Originality/value

This activity draws on common problems caused by group members in college project teams. Learners develop scripts and listening approaches and practice assertive communication to achieve better group outcomes.
Does citizen opinion matter? An analysis of police officers’ support for democratic policing in South Korea
Authors: Kim Seung Hyun , Ra Kwang Hyun , Lee Sang Hun , Lee Do Sun
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study examined the effects of organizational justice and citizen respect to support for democratic policing through self-legitimacy among South Korean police officers.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used survey data from 467 South Korean police officers in 2022. Structural equation model analysis was used to examine relationships between each variable.

Findings

This study found a positive relationship between organizational justice and self-assessed legitimacy. Also, citizen respect had a positive relationship with both police officers' self-assessed legitimacy and audience legitimacy. Self-assessed legitimacy had a significant effect on support for democratic policing, while perceived-audience legitimacy did not have a significant effect on support for democratic policing.

Originality/value

The current study provides evidence that self-legitimacy affects supporting democratic policing in a non-Western democracy. Additionally, to the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the role of police self-legitimacy as a link between organizational justice and citizen respect and the intended behaviors of police officers toward citizens.
Employing ultrasonic waves to extract flax seed for textile printing and applying creative fashion designs
Authors: Elshemy Nagla , Ali Mona , Nofal Reem
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to successfully apply ultrasonic waves for the quick extraction of flax seed gum from flaxseed hull or whole seed and compare it to the standard technique of extraction.

Design/methodology/approach

The effect of the heating source, extracted time, temperature and pH of extracted solution on the extraction was studied. The obtained gum is subsequently used for silk screen printing on cotton, linen and viscous fabrics. Rheological properties and viscosity of the printing paste were scrutinized in the current study to get a better insight into this important polysaccharide. The output of this effort aimed to specify the parameters of the processes for printing textiles to serve in women’s fashion clothes by applying innovated handmade combinations of Islamic art motives using a quick and affordable method. Seven designs are executed, and inspiring from them, seven fashion designs of ladies’ clothes were designed virtually by Clo 3D software.

Findings

The result recorded that the new gum has excellent printing properties. In addition, they have better rheological properties, viscosity, chromatic strength and fastness qualities, all of which could help them in commercial production.

Research limitations/implications

Flaxseed and three different fabric types (Cotton, Linen and Viscous) were used.

Practical implications

Synthesis of a new biodegradable thickener from a natural resource, namely, flaxseed, by applying new technology to save time, water and energy.

Originality/value

Synthesis of eco-friendly biodegradable thickener and used in textile printing alternative to the synthetic thickener.
Exploring educational tourists' perceptions of climate change on a small Mediterranean island: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Rezapouraghdam Hamed , Vahedi Sina
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to understand how educational tourists in Northern Cyprus perceive and respond to the concerns associated with climate change.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative method was employed and the data gathered from educational tourists enrolled in tourism planning and sustainable tourism courses in Northern Cyprus and analyzed using the content analysis technique.

Findings

Four major themes emerged in this study including “weather changes”, “human-induced causes”, “collective responsibility” and “waste management and recycling”.

Originality/value

Climate change-related issues among educational tourists have received little attention in the literature. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by examining educational tourists' perspectives and reactions to climate change in Northern Cyprus.
Chinese expert consensus on cone‐beam CT‐guided diagnosis, localization and treatment for pulmonary nodules
Authors: Xu Dongyang , Xie Fangfang , Zhang Jisong , Chen Hong , Chen Zhongbo , Guan Zhenbiao , Hou Gang , Ji Cheng , Li Haitao , Li Manxiang , Li Wei , Li Xuan , Li Yishi , Lian Hairong , Liao Jiangrong , Liu Dan , Luo Zhuang , Ouyang Haifeng , Shen Yongchun , Shi Yiwei , Tang Chunli , Wan Nansheng , Wang Tao , Wang Hong , Wang Huaqi , Wang Juan , Wu Xuemei , Xia Yang , Xiao Kui , Xu Wujian , Xu Fei , Yang Huizhen , Yang Junyong , Ye Taosheng , Ye Xianwei , Yu Pengfei , Zhang Nan , Zhang Peng , Zhang Quncheng , Zhao Qi , Zheng Xiaoxuan , Zou Jun , Chen Enguo , Sun Jiayuan ,   the Professional Committee on Interventional Pulmonology of China Association for Promotion of Health Science and Technology
Published: February 2024

Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) system can provide real‐time 3D images and fluoroscopy images of the region of interest during the operation. Some systems can even offer augmented fluoroscopy and puncture guidance. The use of CBCT for interventional pulmonary procedures has grown significantly in recent years, and numerous clinical studies have confirmed the technology's efficacy and safety in the diagnosis, localization, and treatment of pulmonary nodules. In order to optimize and standardize the technical specifications of CBCT and guide its application in clinical practice, the consensus statement has been organized and written in a collaborative effort by the Professional Committee on Interventional Pulmonology of China Association for Promotion of Health Science and Technology.
A balancing act between accuracy and timeliness: Evidence from analyst forecasts in China
Authors: Han Lining , Qiu Bin , Yang Xixi , Zhao Yiwei
Published: February 2024

This paper investigates the impact of teamwork on analysts' ability to balance accuracy and timeliness. Surprisingly, team analysts demonstrate a lower ability compared to individual analysts. This trade‐off ability is even worse in diverse teams. Further, we find that Confucianism negatively affects this ability. However, this ability significantly improves when star analysts serve on the analyst team, or when analyst team members come from the province where the covered firm is headquartered, or when analyst team members graduate from the same college. Overall, these findings suggest that it is crucial to consider the two performance dimensions simultaneously.
Do CEOs Who Are Raising Daughters Reduce Company Risk‐taking?*
Authors: Feng Mingming , Wang Xia , Xu Xiaodong , Zhou Mengjiao
Published: February 2024

Family structure and characteristics are important factors that affect both economic development and CEOs' decision‐making. Corporate risk‐taking reflects the overall risk choices and preferences of decision‐makers in relation to various decisions. Using data for Chinese non‐state‐owned enterprises between the years 2000 and 2019, we examine the association between CEO offspring gender and corporate risk‐taking. We find that CEOs who have daughters are associated with a lower level of corporate risk‐taking than CEOs who have sons only. Raising daughters significantly stimulates cautious attitudes and behaviors in CEOs and reduces firm overinvestment, thereby lowering the level of corporate risk‐taking. Moreover, raising daughters has a more significant inhibitory effect on corporate risk‐taking for female CEOs and CEOs who were born in regions with a strong patriarchal culture. Our findings also show that CEOs with daughters can help companies effectively avoid financial crises. Focusing on both parenting behavior and corporate financial behavior, we suggest that the parent–child relationship extends far beyond the scope of the family, providing a broader perspective for understanding corporate decision‐making and financial behavior.
Diabetic retinopathy among the elderly with type 2 diabetes: A Nationwide longitudinal registry study
Authors: Sharif Ali , Smith Daniel R. , Hellgren Karl‐Johan , Jendle Johan
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To investigate the prevalence, incidence and risk factors of DR in elderly people living with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Individuals >80 years, in the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR) between 2008 and 2017, were included. Prevalence and incidence were calculated and stratified by age. Estimates were assessed by longitudinal binary logistic regression models.

Results

One hundred forty‐one thousand, one hundred fifty‐eight individuals with type 2 diabetes were included, median age 83 years, 53.3% females and with a median HbA1c 52 mmol/mol. The DR prevalence was stable at 336.2 cases/1000 patients in 2008 (95% CI, 330.2–342.3), with no significant changes during the 10‐year period. Crude DR incidence rate: 88.5 cases/1000 patient years (95% CI, 87.6–89.4). The incidence rate was lower at higher ages. The effect of age on incident DR varied by sex, with females having an increasingly higher risk than males from 83 years of age, OR 1.25 (1.11–1.42) at age 90 years. The risk of incident DR with longer diabetes duration increased more rapidly at worse glycaemic control.

Conclusion

The growing population of elderly with type 2 diabetes shows a stable proportion of DR and proposes an increased need for DR screening and eye care. Established risk factors for DR, such as diabetes duration and level of glycaemic control, are also important in the elderly; however, age and sex should be considered.
Antecedents of electric vehicle purchasing behaviors: Evidence from Türkiye
Authors: Ramadani Veland , Armutcu Barış , Reshidi Nail , Tan Ahmet , İnce Ercan
Published: February 2024

The present study aims to determine the key antecedents that affect consumers' electric vehicle (EV) purchasing behavior. In this context, the study expanded the existing framework of TPB (attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control) by incorporating four new variables (product attributes, cognitive status, monetary incentive policies, and nonmonetary incentive policies). At this point, the study is of great importance in terms of understanding consumers' perspectives on EV purchasing behavior and to help policymakers, businesses, and marketers support sustainable production and consumption by creating effective strategies. In addition, this study conducted in Türkiye, which shares similar consumption behaviors with Middle Eastern, Asian, and European societies, provides valuable insights for a rapid transition to the adoption of EVs. In the study, data were collected from 390 respondents with the survey method and the collected data were analyzed using Smart PLS 4.0 and SPSS 26 statistical software. The findings showed that only attitude together with cognitive status, product attributes, and monetary incentives policy contribute to EV purchasing behavior. In light of these findings, it can be argued that there is a need to increase efforts to develop more positive consumer attitudes toward EVs, to enhance their cognitive status, and to promote product attributes to encourage the widespread adoption of EVs. At the same time, monetary incentives policies are an important element in the adoption of EVs and therefore policymakers need to make great efforts.
The dark sides of the GPCR tree ‐ research progress on understudied GPCRs
Authors: Scharf Magdalena M. , Humphrys Laura J. , Berndt Sandra , Di Pizio Antonella , Lehmann Juliane , Liebscher Ines , Nicoli Alessandro , Niv Masha Y. , Peri Lior , Schihada Hannes , Schulte Gunnar
Published: February 2024

A large portion of the human GPCRome is still in the dark and understudied, consisting even of entire subfamilies of GPCRs such as odorant receptors, class A and C orphans, adhesion GPCRs, Frizzleds and taste receptors. However, it is undeniable that these GPCRs bring an untapped therapeutic potential that should be explored further. Open questions on these GPCRs span diverse topics such as deorphanisation, the development of tool compounds and tools for studying these GPCRs, as well as understanding basic signalling mechanisms. This review gives an overview of the current state of knowledge for each of the diverse subfamilies of understudied receptors regarding their physiological relevance, molecular mechanisms, endogenous ligands and pharmacological tools. Furthermore, it identifies some of the largest knowledge gaps that should be addressed in the foreseeable future and lists some general strategies that might be helpful in this process.
Giant cell collagenomas associated with Cowden syndrome: A case report
Authors: Salusti‐Simpson Michela , Madrid Michael , Cook Deborah
Published: February 2024

Storiform collagenoma, also known as sclerotic fibroma, is a relatively rare benign cutaneous tumor consisting of a proliferation of fibroblasts that shows increased production of type I collagen. It may appear as a solitary, sporadic lesion, or, especially when multiple, associated with Cowden syndrome. Giant cell collagenoma has a histopathologic appearance similar to that of storiform collagenoma with the addition of floret‐type giant cells. Herein, we report the finding of multiple giant cell collagenomas arising in an individual with Cowden syndrome. In a review of the published literature, this histopathologic variant appears to be rarely observed in association with Cowden syndrome.
Metabolomic changes in adults with status epilepticus: A human case–control study
Authors: Hanin Aurélie , Chollet Céline , Demeret Sophie , Di Meglio Lucas , Castelli Florence , Navarro Vincent
Published: February 2024

Objective

Status epilepticus (SE) is a life‐threatening prolonged epileptic seizure that affects ~40 per 100 000 people yearly worldwide. The persistence of seizures may lead to excitotoxic processes, neuronal loss, and neuroinflammation, resulting in long‐term neurocognitive and functional disabilities. A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SE consequences is crucial for improving SE management and preventing secondary neuronal injury.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive untargeted metabolomic analysis, using liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS), on plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 78 adult patients with SE and 107 control patients without SE, including 29 with CSF for both groups. The metabolomic fingerprints were compared between patients with SE and controls. Metabolites with differences in relative abundances that could not be attributed to treatment or nutrition provided in the intensive care unit were isolated. Enrichment analysis was performed on these metabolites to identify the most affected pathways.

Results

We identified 76 metabolites in the plasma and 37 in the CSF that exhibited differential expression in patients with SE compared to controls. The enrichment analysis revealed that metabolic dysregulations in patients with SE affected primarily amino acid metabolism (including glutamate, alanine, tryptophan, glycine, and serine metabolism), pyrimidine metabolism, and lipid homeostasis. Specifically, patients with SE had elevated levels of pyruvate, quinolinic acid, and keto butyric acid levels, along with lower levels of arginine, N‐acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), tryptophan, uracil, and uridine. The tryptophan kynurenine pathway was identified as the most significantly altered in SE, resulting in the overproduction of quinolinic acid, an N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist with pro‐inflammatory properties.

Significance

This study has identified several pathways that may play pivotal roles in SE consequences, such as the tryptophan kynurenine pathway. These findings offer novel perspectives for the development of neuroprotective therapeutics.
Development of a short form of the Japanese version of the Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA‐J‐10) among informal caregivers of older adults
Authors: Noguchi Taiji , Nakagawa Takeshi , Jin Xueying , Komatsu Ayane , Togashi Shintaro , Miyashita Mitsunori , Saito Tami
Published: February 2024

Aim

To support informal caregivers, a simple assessment tool capturing the multidimensional nature of caregiving experiences, including negative and positive aspects, is required. We developed a short form of the Japanese version of the Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA‐J), a multidimensional assessment scale for caregiver experiences.

Methods

The internet survey involved 934 Japanese informal caregivers aged 20–79 years (mean age = 58.8 years; 50.2% women) who completed questionnaires, including the CRA‐J 18 items (CRA‐J‐18), consisting of five domains, such as impacts on schedule and finances and positive experiences of caregiving. A 10‐item short version of the CRA‐J (CRA‐J‐10; 0–50 points), which was prepared by selecting the two items with the highest factor loadings from each domain, was tested for model fit by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and was analyzed for correlations with the CRA‐J‐18, Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Positive Aspects of Caregiving Scale (PACS), Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), and WHO‐Five Well‐Being Index (WHO‐5). The area under the curve (AUC) in the receiver operating characteristic was evaluated as discriminability for depressive symptoms (PHQ‐9 ≥ 10 points).

Results

The CFA indicated a good model fit in the CRA‐J‐10. The CRA‐J‐10 correlated well with the CRA‐J‐18 and other variables (CRA‐J‐18, r = 0.970; ZBI, r = 0.747; PACS, r = −0.467; PHQ‐9, r = 0.582; WHO‐5, r = −0.588) and showed good discriminant performance for the presence of depressive symptoms (AUC = 0.793, 95% confidence interval = 0.762–0.823).

Conclusions

The CRA‐J‐10 allows a simple assessment of caregiver experiences, helping support informal caregivers. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 290–296.
C9orf10/Ossa regulates the bone metastasis of established lung adenocarcinoma cell subline H322L‐BO4 in a mouse model
Authors: Uekita Takamasa , Yagi Reiko , Ichimura Tohru , Sakai Ryuichi
Published: February 2024

Lung cancer frequently metastasizes to the bones. An in vivo model is urgently required to identify potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer with bone metastasis. We established a lung adenocarcinoma cell subline (H322L‐BO4) that specifically showed metastasis to the leg bones and adrenal glands. This was achieved by repeated isolation of metastatic cells from the leg bones of mice. The cells were intracardially injected into nude mice. Survival was prolonged for mice that received H322L‐BO4 cells versus original cells (H322L). H322L‐BO4 cells did not exhibit obvious changes in general in vitro properties associated with the metastatic potential (e.g., cell growth, migration, and invasion) compared with H322L cells. However, the phosphorylation of chromosome 9 open reading frame 10/oxidative stress‐associated Src activator (C9orf10/Ossa) was increased in H322L‐BO4 cells. This result confirmed the increased anchorage independence through C9orf10/Ossa‐mediated activation of Src family tyrosine kinase. Reduction of C9orf10/Ossa by shRNA reduced cells' metastasis to the leg bone and prolonged survival in mice. These findings indicate that H322L‐BO4 cells can be used to evaluate the effect of candidate therapeutic targets against bone metastatic lung cancer cells. Moreover, C9orf10/Ossa may be a useful target for treatment of lung cancer with bone metastasis.
Next‐generation antibacterial nanopolymers for treating oral chronic inflammatory diseases of bacterial origin
Authors: Toledano‐Osorio Manuel , Osorio Raquel , Bueno Jaime , Vallecillo Cristina , Vallecillo‐Rivas Marta , Sanz Mariano
Published: February 2024

Background

‘Periodontitis’ refers to periodontal destruction of connective tissue attachment and bone, in response to microorganisms forming subgingival biofilms on the root surface, while ‘apical periodontitis’ refers to periapical inflammatory processes occurring in response to microorganisms within the root canal system. The treatment of both diseases is based on the elimination of the bacterial challenge, though its predictability depends on the ability of disrupting these biofilms, what may need adjunctive antibacterial strategies, such as the next‐generation antibacterial strategies (NGAS). From all the newly developed NGAS, the use of polymeric nanotechnology may pose a potential effective approach. Although some of these strategies have only been tested in vitro and in preclinical in vivo models, their use holds a great potential, and therefore, it is relevant to understand their mechanism of action and evaluate their scientific evidence of efficacy.

Objectives

To explore NGAS based on polymeric nanotechnology used for the potential treatment of periodontitis and apical periodontitis.

Method

A systemic search of scientific publications of adjunctive antimicrobial strategies using nanopolymers to treat periodontal and periapical diseases was conducted using The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE by PubMed), The Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, EMBASE and Web of Science.

Results

Different polymeric nanoparticles, nanofibres and nanostructured hydrogels combined with antimicrobial substances have been identified in the periodontal literature, being the most commonly used nanopolymers of polycaprolactone, poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) and chitosan. As antimicrobials, the most frequently used have been antibiotics, though other antimicrobial substances, such as metallic ions, peptides and naturally derived products, have also been added to the nanopolymers.

Conclusion

Polymeric nanomaterials containing antimicrobial compounds may be considered as a potential NGAS. Its relative efficacy, however, is not well understood since most of the existing evidence is derived from in vitro or preclinical in vivo studies.
Meta‐analysis on the impact of immune senescence: Unravelling the interplay in cutaneous wound healing and lung cancer progression
Authors: Dong Mengqian , Jin Ying , Lin Xiaoyang , Wang Shuangshuang , Shen Peihong
Published: February 2024

The primary objective of this meta‐analysis was to provide the comprehensive understanding of the intricate correlation that existed between immune senescence and its effects on the advancement of lung cancer as well as recovery of cutaneous wounds. By conducting this systematic review of six rigorous studies utilizing databases such as PubMed and Web of Science, this research examined the multitude of facets pertaining to immune aging and consequences it bear on the health outcomes. The incorporated studies encompassed wide range of geographical and methodological viewpoints, with the specific emphasis on non‐small‐cell lung cancer and diverse scenarios related to wound recovery. This analysis synthesized discoveries regarding therapeutic responses, cellular and molecular mechanisms and impact of lifestyle factors on immune senescence. The findings suggested that immune senescence has substantial impact on the effectiveness of treatments for lung cancer and cutaneous wounds healing process; therefore, targeted therapies and holistic approaches may be able to mitigate these effects. By following the revised PRISMA guidelines, this meta‐analysis guarantee thorough and ethically sound methodology for amalgamating pre‐existing literature. The study concluded by emphasizing the critical nature of comprehending immune senescence in the context of clinical practice and proposed avenues for further investigation to enhance health results among the elderly.
Estimation of genetic parameters for reproductive indices in sheep
Authors: Senes Beatriz Bastos , da Cruz Valdecy Aparecida Rocha , Azevedo Hymerson Costa , Costa Raphael Bermal , de Camargo Gregório Miguel Ferreira
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to estimate two reproductive efficiency indices in sheep based on the ratio between litter weight (at birth and weaning) and dam weight, as well as their genetic parameters. Phenotypic and pedigree data comprising the period from 1990 to 2018 were obtained from the Santa Inês sheep database of Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros. For estimation of the genetic parameters of the indices, a repeatability model was applied in single‐ and two‐trait analyses by a Bayesian approach. The mean reproductive efficiency index was 0.069 ± 0.0163 and 0.43 ± 0.0955 at birth and weaning, respectively. These values indicate that, on average, ewes give birth to 69 g of lamb per kg body weight and wean 430 g of lamb per kg body weight. Described here for the first time, the heritability estimate obtained in single‐ and two‐trait analyses was 0.24 for the index based on birth weights and ranged from 0.13 to 0.15 for the index based on weaning weights. The estimates indicate the possibility of genetic gain by selection and are similar to those reported for reproductive traits in sheep, representing an option for selection criterion. The genetic correlation between indices was positive and moderate (0.26). The repeatability estimates were high (0.49 for the birth weight index and 0.71 for the weaning weight index). These values indicate good prediction of future performance with few observations. The weaning weight index might be a good culling criterion of females.
Climate‐related variation of metabolic rate across the distribution of a broadly tolerant invasive forest pest
Authors: Powers Sean D. , Thompson Lily M. , Parry Dylan , Grayson Kristine L. , Martinez Eloy , Agosta Salvatore J.
Published: February 2024

Aim

Metabolic rate is a widely studied physiological species trait related to energetics, climate, and geographical distributions. Hypotheses have been proposed to explain variation in metabolic rate, but evidence has been mixed due to the limited sampling scope of intraspecific studies. Successful biological invasions offer a unique opportunity to examine the development of intraspecific physiological variation and how it relates to climate, invasive spread and species range limits. The aim of this study was to determine if metabolic rate variation across the spongy moth invasive range was consistent with a pattern of adaptation to local climate.

Location

Northeastern United States of America.

Taxon

Lymantria dispar dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae).

Methods

Larvae were sourced from 14 populations across the invasion front and interior of the current L. d. dispar invasive range and were reared at a constant temperature. Routine metabolic rates (RMR) of larvae were assayed at three ecologically relevant temperatures. These data were analysed to determine if there were differences in RMR and temperature sensitivity of RMR among populations. Population‐level variation in RMR was then analysed as a function of local climate and geographical position to test for patterns consistent with local adaptation.

Results

Larval RMR showed significant variation among populations across all assay temperatures, but there was no difference in temperature sensitivity (i.e. slope). This variation followed a positive latitudinal cline with RMR increasing from the southern range to the north. This cline also showed a significant relationship with local climate variables.

Main Conclusions

Larval metabolic rate variation was consistent with a pattern of adaptation by L. d. dispar to divergent climates across its invasive range. These results indicated that thermal adaptation of whole‐organism physiology may play a key role in promoting species spread and expansion for biological invasions like L. d. dispar.
The Effect of CenteringPregnancy Group Antenatal Care on Maternal, Birth, and Neonatal Outcomes Among Low‐Risk Women in the Netherlands: A Stepped‐Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Wagijo Mary‐ann , Crone Mathilde , Bruinsma‐van Zwicht Birgit , van Lith Jan , Billings Deborah , Rijnders Marlies
Published: February 2024

Introduction

This study was carried out to assess the effects of participating in CenteringPregnancy (CP) on maternal, birth, and neonatal outcomes among low‐risk pregnant women in the Netherlands.

Methods

A total of 2124 pregnant women in primary care were included in the study. Data were derived from the Dutch national database, Perined, complemented with data from questionnaires completed by pregnant women. A stepwise‐wedge design was employed; multilevel intention‐to‐treat analyses and propensity score matching were the main analytic approaches. Propensity score matching resulted in sample sizes of 305 nulliparous women in both the individual care (IC) and the matched control group (control‐IC) and 267 in the CP and control‐CP groups. For multiparous women, 354 matches were found for IC and control‐IC groups and 152 for CP and control‐CP groups. Main outcome measures were maternal, birth, and neonatal outcomes.

Results

Compared with the control‐CP group receiving standard antenatal care, nulliparous women participating in CP had a lower risk of maternal hypertensive disorders (odds ratio [OR], 0.53; 95% CI, 0.30‐0.93) and for the composite adverse maternal outcome (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.33‐0.82). Breastfeeding initiation rates were higher amongst nulliparous (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 134‐3.69) and multiparous women (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.00‐2.62) participating in CP compared with women in the control‐CP group.

Conclusion

Nulliparous women in CP were at lower risk of developing hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and, consequently, at lower risk of having adverse maternal outcomes. The results confirmed our hypothesis that both nulliparous and multiparous women who participated in CP would have higher breastfeeding rates compared with women receiving standard antenatal care.
The calcium–calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase kinase inhibitor, STO‐609, inhibits nicotine‐induced currents and intracellular calcium increase in insect neurosecretory cells
Authors: Taha Maria , Houchat Jean‐Noël , Taillebois Emiliane , Thany Steeve H.
Published: February 2024

Insect neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are transmembrane receptors that play a key role in the development and synaptic plasticity of both vertebrates and invertebrates and are considered to be major targets of neonicotinoid insecticides. We used dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons, which are insect neurosecretory cells, in order to explore the intracellular mechanisms leading to the regulation of insect neuronal nAChRs in more detail. Using whole‐cell patch‐clamp and fura‐2AM calcium imaging techniques, we found that a novel CaMKK/AMPK pathway could be involved in the intracellular regulation of DUM neuron nAChRs. The CaMKK selective inhibitor, STO, reduced nicotinic current amplitudes, and strongly when co‐applied with α‐Bgt. Interestingly, intracellular application of the AMPK activator, A‐76, prevented the reduction in nicotine‐induced currents observed in the presence of the AMPK inhibitor, dorsomorphin. STO prevented the increase in intracellular calcium induced by nicotine, which was not dependent on α‐Bgt. Currents induced by 1 mM LMA, a selective activator of nAChR2, were reduced under bath application of STO, and mecamylamine, which blocked nAChR2 subtype, inhibited the increase in intracellular calcium induced by LMA. These findings provide insight into potential complex mechanisms linked to the modulation of the DUM neuron nAChRs and CaMKK pathway.

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Taking the long view of adolescent work quality
Authors: Staff Jeremy , Mortimer Jeylan T.
Published: February 2024

Following Schulenberg's research on teenage employment and vocational development, we ask to what extent do job dimensions reflecting the quality of work experience during mid‐adolescence (e.g., work stress, autonomy, learning and advancement opportunities, hourly pay, wage satisfaction, and work hours) predict the same work experiences during the ensuing occupational career? Using longitudinal data from the Youth Development Study (N = 711 individuals over 3164 occasions), and hybrid panel models to control for unobserved time‐stable selection influences, we find a high level of continuity of work quality from adolescence to mid‐life. Multiple dimensions of adolescent work quality are associated with the same dimensions of work quality in adulthood, even after controlling for educational attainment and other time‐varying adult confounders.
Intraobserver and interobserver agreement of 8 segmental reflexes in healthy dogs
Authors: Chiang Bryan , Garcia Gabriel , Leverone Francesco , Hernandez Jorge A. , Carrera‐Justiz Sheila
Published: February 2024

Background

No available literature supports the claim that the patellar and withdrawal (flexor) reflexes are the only reliable segmental reflexes in dogs.

Objective

Measure intra‐ and interobserver agreement of 8 segmental reflexes in dogs without clinical evidence of orthopedic or neurologic disease.

Animals

One‐hundred and one client‐ or staff‐owned dogs between 1 and 10 years of age with no clinical evidence of orthopedic disease, myelopathy, or neuromuscular disease.

Methods

Descriptive study. The intraobserver proportion of agreement (%) of responses to selected segmental reflexes in right versus left limbs by 3 observers was calculated and reported. The interobserver agreement of 2 observers of responses to selected reflexes was estimated by calculating proportions of agreement, kappa values, and 95% confidence intervals. A segmental reflex with an acceptable agreement was defined as that with a proportion of agreement ≥90% and a Kappa value ≥0.61 in both limbs.

Results

The intraobserver proportion of agreement for all 3 observers was high (≥95%) for the extensor carpi radialis, withdrawal, patellar, and cranial tibial reflexes. Between observers 1 and 3 and observers 2 and 3, the interobserver proportion of agreement was high (≥ 92%) for the extensor carpi radialis (κ 0.66, not determined [ND]), withdrawal (both limbs, κ ND), patellar (κ ND), and cranial tibial reflexes (κ ND).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The extensor carpi radialis, withdrawal, patellar, and cranial tibial reflexes had a higher proportion of agreement and kappa values between 2 observers.
The sources of national pride: Evidence from China and the United States
Authors: Ni Jiaqian , Wang Mengqiao , Quek Kai
Published: February 2024

National pride relates to nationalism, one of the most powerful forces in modern politics. Many surveys have shown that most citizens are proud of their countries, but few have directly examined the underlying reasons for why people are proud of their countries. Using parallel national surveys in China and the United States, we investigate the sources and contents of national pride in the two most powerful nation‐states in the world. Our results reveal clear differences between citizens in the two countries. While the sources of American national pride are largely ideational, the sources of Chinese national pride tend to be material. The evidence provides a first set of insights into the sources of national pride and challenges conventional depictions of nationalism as a monolithic concept.
Predisposing factors of health promotion behaviors and health literacy in adolescents: A cross‐sectional design
Authors: Ayaz‐Alkaya Sultan , Kulakçi‐Altintaş Hülya
Published: February 2024

Objective

This study was designed to measure health promotion behaviors, health literacy (HL) levels, and their predisposing factors among adolescents.

Design

A cross‐sectional design was used.

Sample

The study was completed by 1046 students aged 11–14 years.

Measurements

Data were collected via the HL for School–Aged Children Scale and the Adolescent Health Promotion Scale.

Results

HL was significantly associated with gender, participation in sport activities, and health promotion behaviors. There was no confounding factor for HL. Adolescent health promotion behaviors were significantly associated with academic level, weight perception, participation in sport activities, and HL.

Conclusions

Nurses could improve communication and decision‐making skills related to health behaviors and learn how to obtain health‐related knowledge to promote the health of adolescents.
Associations between sun exposure, skin pH, and epidermal permeability in pregnancy: A longitudinal observational study
Authors: Stevens Rachel , Gorman Shelley , Arabiat Diana , Christophersen Claus T. , Palmer Debra J.
Published: February 2024

Little is known about how sun exposure may affect the maternal skin barrier during pregnancy when many hormonal and physiological changes occur. In this longitudinal observational study, 50 pregnant women were recruited at 18–24 weeks' gestation, 25 in summer–autumn, and 25 in winter–spring. At three time points in pregnancy at 18–24, 28–30, and 36–38 weeks' gestation, participants completed a validated sun exposure questionnaire and had skin permeability and surface pH measured on the volar forearm. We identified an association between increased sun exposure and increased skin permeability at 18–24 weeks' gestation (β = 0.85, p = 0.01). Lower transepidermal water loss (decreased skin permeability), mean = 12.1 (SD = 5.1) at 28–30 weeks' gestation was observed, compared to mean = 12.6 (SD = 4.0) at 18–24 weeks' and mean = 13.7 (SD = 8.5) at 36–38 weeks' gestation (n = 27, β = −1.83, p = 0.007). Higher skin pH readings, mean = 5.80 (SD = 0.58) were found at 28–30 weeks' gestation, compared to mean = 5.25 (SD = 0.62) at 18–24 weeks' and mean = 5.47 (SD = 0.57) at 36–38 weeks' gestation (n = 27, β = 0.40, p = 0.004). These gestational fluctuations remained after adjusting for Fitzpatrick skin type, season, and sun exposure. We observed gestational fluctuations in both skin permeability and skin pH, with 28–30 weeks' gestation being a significant point of difference compared to mid‐ and late‐pregnancy periods.
In‐field climatic factors driving Sclerotinia head rot progression across different sunflower planting dates
Authors: Mapfumo Phrasia , Buthelezi Sikelela , Archer Emma , Swanevelder Dirk Z. H. , Wilken P. Markus , Creux Nicky
Published: February 2024

Sclerotinia head rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a major disease limiting sunflower production in tropical and subtropical agroecological zones. Sporadic outbreaks across South Africa have resulted in major losses, yet little is known about the in‐field climatic factors driving this infection. Short‐interval, staggered plantings have been proposed as a control method for Sclerotinia head rot, which help to limit the number of plants in a susceptible developmental stage during conducive environmental conditions. However, this complicates field management practices, especially if working at the fringes of a planting window due to delayed rains. This study aimed to investigate the effect of planting date on Sclerotinia head rot progression in monthly plantings across the summer period. Artificial mycelial plug inoculations were performed at the R5.9 flowering stage in an open field. Disease establishment, progression and severity were monitored at 3‐day intervals for 30 days. We show that disease establishment was delayed by low relative humidity or extreme low temperatures in the January and March planting dates where the first lesions were only observed 6 days post‐inoculation. Consistently high temperatures above 27°C also suppressed disease progression and produced low area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) scores of 75.15 and 29.4 for the October and November planting dates, respectively. These findings suggest that regardless of season or location, selecting a planting date that ensures the sunflower bloom period aligns with the hottest, driest part of the season will probably suppress Sclerotinia head rot in regions with average summer highs above 27°C.
Inequalities in access to prenatal care during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Analysis of a population‐based cohort
Authors: Hetherington Erin , Darling Elizabeth , Harper Sam , Nguyen Francis , Schummers Laura , Norman Wendy V.
Published: February 2024

Background

Before the COVID‐19 pandemic, access to prenatal care was lower among some socio‐demographic groups. This pandemic caused disruptions to routine preventative care, which could have increased inequalities.

Objectives

To investigate if the COVID‐19 pandemic increased inequalities in access to prenatal care among those who are younger, live in rural areas, have a lower socio‐economic situation (SES) and are recent immigrants.

Methods

We used linked administrative datasets from ICES to identify a population‐based cohort of 455,245 deliveries in Ontario from January 2018 to December 2021. Our outcomes were first‐trimester prenatal visits, first‐trimester ultrasound and adequacy of prenatal care. We used joinpoint analysis to examine outcome time trends and identify trend change points. We stratified analyses by age, rural residence, SES and recent immigration, and examined risk differences (RD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) between groups at the beginning and end of the study period.

Results

For all outcomes, we noted disruptions to care beginning in March or April 2020 and returning to previous trends by November 2020. Inequalities were stable across groups, except recent immigrants. In July 2017, 65.0% and 69.8% of recent immigrants and non‐immigrants, respectively, received ultrasounds in the first trimester (RD −4.8%, 95% CI −8.0, −1.5). By October 2020, this had increased to 75.4%, with no difference with non‐immigrants (RD 0.4%, 95% CI −2.4, 3.2). Adequacy of prenatal care showed more intensive care as of November 2020, reflecting a higher number of visits.

Conclusions

We found no evidence that inequalities between socio‐economic groups that existed prior to the pandemic worsened after March 2020. The pandemic may be associated with increased access to care for recent immigrants. The introduction of virtual visits may have resulted in a higher number of prenatal care visits.