bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПАМЯТНИКОВ РАННЕГО ЖЕЛЕЗНОГО ВЕКА НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОКА В 1990-2010-е ГГ, "II Международная конференция «Археология Арктики»"
Authors: Васкул И.О. , Жеребцов И.Л.
Published: March 2022

В Печорском крае в начале 1990-х гг. были проведены раскопки поселений ананьинского и гляденовского времени у д. Сынянырд на р. Усе, поселения Корольки II на Средней Печоре. Однако наиболее значимым событием стало открытие и исследование Шиховского могильника раннего железного века в окрестностях Усть-Цильмы, раскопки которого продолжались с перерывами с 1993 по 2011 г. Еще один погребальный памятник первой половины I тыс. н.э., могильник на оз. Пожемты, выявлен в начале 2000-х гг. у д. Адзьва на р. Усе. Изучение указанных могильников впервые позволяет охарактеризовать погребальный обряд населения Печорского Приполярья в середине I тыс. до н.э. - первой половине - середине I тыс. н.э. В 2012-2014 гг. Т.Ю. Туркиной были возобновлены полевые исследования на территории Бичевницкого АМР. В результате раскопок получены дополнительные данные для характеристики поселения Бичевник I, где помимо керамики найдены датирующие вещи. В ходе раскопок поселения Бичевник 5 получен выразительный керамический комплекс, характеризующий культурные связи населения Печорского края с Западной Сибирью. В 2020 г. экспедицией под руководством Т.Ю. Туркиной на поселении Топыд-Нюр II впервые изучена прямоугольная слабо углубленная постройка площадью около 30 квадратных метров, относящаяся, судя по имеющимся данным, к культурному типу чаркабож. В ходе исследований поселений Мыелдино и Себъяг I в бассейне Верхней Вычегды получены керамические комплексы ерзовского и маклашеевского облика, типа поселения Заюрчим VI, что свидетельствует об участии прикамского населения в развитии культур эпохи раннего железа в Вычегодском, что крайне важно для характеристики их генезиса. В результате изучения технологии глиняной посуды древностей раннего железного века в бассейне р. Вымь Ю.В. Паршуковым получены данные, свидетельствующие об общности навыков отбора исходного сырья у населения лебяжской культуры и культурных типов Ласта и Перный. Сравнение керамического комплекса поселения-святилища Мыелдино с глиняной посудой памятников бассейна р. Вычегды и керамикой поселения Перный на Печоре позволило высказать предположение о локальном своеобразии вычегодских памятников позднеананьинского времени. Материалы культурно-хронологического комплекса первой половины - середины I тыс. н.э. поселения Мыелдино позволили выделить новый тип памятников - поселение-святилище. Новые дополнительные материалы, характеризующие структуру поселений гляденовского времени, получены в ходе раскопок поселения Себъяг I. Исследования последних лет впервые позволили приступить к разработке хронологии и периодизации памятников раннего железного века на основе датирования закрытых комплексов, радиоуглеродных датировок. В результате существенным образом уточнена схема культурно-хронологического развития древностей первой половины - середины I тыс. н.э. в бассейне р. Печоры и в Большеземельской тундре.
ПОМОРСКОЕ СТАНОВИЩЕ НА ОСТРОВЕ МЕДВЕЖЬЕМ, "II Международная конференция «Археология Арктики»"
Authors: Державин В.Л.
Published: March 2022

На одном становище острова Медвежий, расположенном в Баренцевом море, стоит двухметровый железный крест, к которому раньше крепилась табличка с надписью на трех языках (французском, английском и русском): «Принадлежность России. Крейсер «Светлана». Капитан Абаза. 12 июня 1899 г.». В Москве в Архиве внешней политики Российской империи удалось отыскать документы, проливавшие свет на происхождение этой надписи. Археологические и документальные источники подтвердили наличие на северном побережье острова Медвежьего поморского памятника, где командир крейсера капитан А.М. Абаза водрузил российский флаг и установил двухметровый железный крест с надписью о принадлежности его России. Что касается командира «Светланы» капитана А.М. Абазы, то, вероятно, он стал первым нашим соотечественником, который предпринял поиски, правда, поверхностные, археологических памятников, оставленных поморами в столь высоких широтах, преследуя при этом не научные, а политические задачи. В 2015 г. Шпицбергенская экспедиция снова посетила остров, где работали норвежские археологи, исследуя это поморское становище. Во время раскопок они обнаружили медную иконку образа Богородицы Всех Скорбящих Радость и медный крест-тельник, который по классификации Э.П. Винокуровой относится к типу V, датируемому XVII-XIX вв. Обе находки хорошо известны среди предметов медного литья старообрядческой Даниловой пустыни. По документальным источникам можно предположить, что памятник принадлежал помору-старообрядцу Амосу Корнилову (1701-1780), имевшему становища на Шпицбергене, Медвежьем и Новой Земле. Он также известен тем, что его судно в 1849 г. спасло и вывезло на материк трех выживших (из четырех) мезенских промышленников, проживших вынужденно на острове Эдж шесть лет. Кроме того, он был хорошо знаком с М.В. Ломоносовым, которому давал практические советы в вопросах организации экспедиции В.Я. Чичагова на Шпицберген (1764-1766 гг.).
Hospitalizations and Mortality Among Older Adults With and Without Restricted Access to Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir
Authors: Mafi John N. , Vangala Sitaram , Kapral Moira K. , Wu Peter E. , Cui Manying , Romanov Artem , Kahn Katherine L.
Published: February 2025

This study compares hospitalization and mortality outcomes in vaccinated older adults with vs without restricted access to nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in Ontario.
Corneal Recovery After Neurotization for Neurotrophic Keratopathy
Authors: Chang Yuan , Zhang Tao , Liu Xiaowei
Published: February 2025

This case report describes a diagnosis of neurotrophic keratopathy after trigeminal nerve injury and subsequent corneal neurotization using the supraorbital nerve with sural nerve grafts.
Online Attention to Articles Published in Otolaryngology Journals
Authors: Hong Robert Stephen , Fan Caleb James , Lucas Jacob Charles
Published: February 2025

Importance

The internet has changed the way that medical information by journals is disseminated, with a shift toward online distribution. Given this, it is important to include alternative metrics that measure online attention when determining the influence of otolaryngology journals.

Objective

To describe a ranking system for otolaryngology journals that reflects the amount of publicity received online and to determine factors associated with these rankings.

Design and Setting

In this cross-sectional study, online attention was measured using Altmetric Attention Scores obtained for all 26 112 articles published by the 43 journals classified under the Journal Citation Reports category of otorhinolaryngology from 2018 to 2022. Data were analyzed from January to June 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Altmetric journal rankings were created from the top 500 articles with the highest Altmetric Attention Scores, using a rank sum weight-based method to assign credit for an article’s attention online to its respective journal. The association of article content, study design and type, and social media presence on X (formerly Twitter) with ranking was examined. Comparisons between Altmetric journal rankings and bibliometric rankings (5-year Impact Factor) were also performed.

Results

Of 43 otolaryngology journals, JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery had the highest Altmetric journal ranking. Most articles in the Altmetric top 500 were nonoperative clinical studies (220 articles [43.5%]) or described the natural history of disease (176 articles [34.9%]) and involved otology/neurotology (158 articles [29.9%]) or rhinology/allergy (134 articles [25.4%]). The COVID-19 pandemic was a common topic (169 articles [33.5%]). The presence of an active X account for the entire 5-year period was associated with a higher Altmetric total rank sum score for journals (η2 = 0.07; 95% CI, 0.02-0.13 [moderate effect size]). There was a moderate statistically significant correlation between Altmetric journal rankings and 5-year Impact Factor rankings (r = 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2-0.7).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study demonstrates that metrics based on online attention provide an alternative way to assess the reach and influence of medical journals. Journals seeking to expand their influence online may benefit from a presence on social media.
Impact of enhanced leaf model on dose calculation accuracy in single‐isocenter multitarget stereotactic radiosurgery treatments
Authors: Moktan Hem , Jiang Hongyu , Li H. Harold , Guida Kenny
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Single‐isocenter multitarget (SIMT) radiosurgery has become increasingly popular as advancement in planning and delivery systems have made this approach clinically viable. With targets varying in size and distance from isocenter, SIMT plans are highly complex with dynamic multileaf collimator (MLC) motion. Our department recently commissioned Eclipse Treatment Planning System v18.0, which included a novel enhanced leaf model (ELM) for photon dose calculation. ELM represents the biggest update in MLC modeling on a commercial treatment planning system over the past decade, yielding improvements in leaf modeling and ray tracing. Considering its dependence on dynamic MLC movements, we set out to assess the potential clinical impact of ELM on SIMT.

Methods

Dynamic zebra crosswalk (DZC) plans were delivered on a Varian Edge to investigate ELM. DZCs consisted of sweeping MLC gaps (ranging 1–15 mm) across a 3 cm width at isocenter, 4 cm, 8 cm, and 12 cm along the x‐axis. Phantom dose calculations were performed using AAA v15.6 and v18.0 (with ELM) for 6 MV flattening filter free DZC plans and compared to measurements using stereotactic radiosurgery MapCHECK (Sun Nuclear Corporation) and Gafchromic EBT4 films (Ashland). To assess potential impact on SIMT, ten patients were retrospectively planned with RapidArc and HyperArc. Both versions of AAA were used for dose calculation.

Results

DZC measurements showed improved agreement with ELM; differences between measured and calculated doses were reduced by as much as 19% for the smallest sweeping gaps at off‐axis distances. Differences in central profile dose for DZCs increased with reduced gap size and increased off‐axis position. SIMT plans showed up to 4.0% increase in planning target volume (PTV) maximum dose when switching from AAA v15.6 to v18.0.

Conclusion

Dose calculations with ELM mirrored diode and film measurements for highly modulated SIMT plans. ELM represents a major improvement in MLC modeling that more accurately reflects current treatment delivery practice.
Suppressed Skyrmion Hall Effect of Hybrid Magnetic Skyrmions by Helicity Engineering
Authors: Chang Yuhan , Hao Hongyuan , Wu Huiliang , Zuo Yalu , Wu Hao , Hou Zhipeng , Yu Guoqiang , Liu Xiaoxi , Xi Li , Zhang Senfu , Cui Baoshan
Published: February 2025

Magnetic skyrmions are topological entities with particle‐like properties, holding great promise for ultra‐compact, all‐electronic, non‐volatile memory systems. However, the skyrmion Hall effect poses a significant challenge by causing skyrmions to annihilate at device edges and leading to data loss. So far, a number of theoretical proposals have been made to conquer this challenge, particularly focusing on hybrid magnetic skyrmions. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive methodology for fabricating hybrid magnetic skyrmions and strategies for precisely controlling their dynamics in experimental settings. In this study, these gaps are addressed by presenting a method to create isolated and stable hybrid magnetic skyrmions using synergetic current pulses and an external magnetic field in a [Pt/Co]3/Ru/[Co/Pt]3 multilayer system. The findings reveal that the skyrmion Hall angle can be efficiently reduced from −14° to −4° as the temperature increases from room temperature to 370 K. Micromagnetic simulations further show that this suppression is attributed to temperature‐induced modulation in the helicity of skyrmions. These results offer new insights into the dynamics of hybrid magnetic skyrmions and pave the way for the development of advanced information processing and computing devices leveraging the motion of skyrmions.
Promising Cobalt Oxide Hole Transport Layer for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cui Xiaxia , Zhang Xuewei , Guo Tonghui , Tang Guanqi , Jin Junjun , Zhu Zhenkun , Chu Daping , Gou Yanzhuo , Li Jinhua , Guo Yuzheng , Robertson John , Tai Qidong
Published: February 2025

The inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on inorganic metal oxide hole transport layers (HTLs) bear the merits of high device stability and low material cost. However, the existence of metal‐vacancy defects on the surface of the metal oxide layer is a key constraint on achieving high efficiency and stability, like the case of the well‐known nickel oxide (NiOx) HTL. Here, a cobalt oxide (CoOx) HTL with the defect‐less surface is prepared by a solution process using Co(OH)2 as the cobalt source and water as an eco‐friendly solvent for the first time. The PSCs based on CoOx HTL show superior thermal and ultraviolet stability over the conventional NiOx counterparts. Theoretical calculations reveal that CoOx has higher formation energy of metal‐vacancy defect as well as higher interfacial adhesion energy than NiOx, resulting in a chemically stable HTL/perovskite interface. After further manipulating the microstructure and the electronic properties of the CoOx HTL via magnesium acetate doping, a 22.35% efficiency is achieved with an ambient‐processed FA0.4MA0.6I3 light‐absorbing layer. Such an efficiency exceeds all of the existing results reported for CoOx‐based PSCs and a higher value of >24% is attainable via facile interface modification. The according device also demonstrates robust operational stability in the air without encapsulation.
Recyclable Dynamic Hydrogen Bonding and Disulfide Based Polymer‐Silver Nanoparticle Hybrid Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Artificial Intelligence‐Assisted High‐Precision Smart Insoles
Authors: Zhang Kaiming , Sun Lixin , Xu Jiongyao , Dhaware Vinita , Wang Zhe , Chen Yiming , Wu Yahui , Gu Long , Liu Yuetao , Hoogenboom Richard
Published: February 2025

With rapid advancement in the field of smart technology, reshapeable devices have garnered widespread interest. Liquid‐free flexible materials eliminate the risk of leakage thus enhancing user safety along with being recyclable. However, the poor network fluidity and difficulty in fully disconnecting cross‐links have limited its potential as a reshapeable device. In this work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are doped into a physically cross‐linked dynamic linear polydimethylsiloxane network (PIAU) to develop a closed‐loop recyclable high‐dielectric nanocomposite. This nanocomposite exhibits moderate elastoviscosity‐transition temperature and spatial remodelability based on multiple types of reversible hydrogen bonds and S─Ag bonds. AgNPs are sprayed on the nanocomposite surface to form a conductive coating stabilized by S─Ag bonds at the polymer‐nano interface. Based on this refined assembly, an antibacterial and recyclable triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is developed and applied as a high‐precision smart insole. The insole with 16 TENG sensors, resulting in a simplified system that employs machine learning (ML) for personalized motion monitoring, including motion recognition and gait classification. Five algorithm models ensure the high accuracy of the system and enable it to further expand the abnormal gait alarm system. This work presents a new reliable and environmentally friendly strategy for the design of high‐performance sustainable smart devices.
HCl Assisted Transformation of Lead‐Free 0D Cs3Cu2I5 Microcrystals to 3D Cs3Cu3Cl9 Single Crystals for Self‐Powered UV Photodetection
Authors: Sudarsan Darsana , Ganguly Rakesh , Koner Apurba Lal , Batabyal Sudip K
Published: February 2025

Copper‐based halide perovskites have gained considerable interest in optoelectronic applications owing to their outstanding stability and luminescence properties. Herein, 3D structure of Cs3Cu3Cl9 single crystals is developed from the known phase of 0D Cs3Cu2I5 via addition of HCl. The transformed 3D Cs3Cu3Cl9 single crystals exhibit superior material properties such as an optical bandgap of 2.39 eV, and distinct violet emission at 425 nm, making them a potential candidate for ultraviolet (UV) photodetection. The hierarchical FTO/Cs3Cu3Cl9/C heterostructure UV photodetector showed a remarkable responsivity of 0.13 mA W−1 and specific detectivity of 2.20 × 109 Jones under 372 nm UV illumination at zero bias, possessing a better performance than the 0D Cs3Cu2I5 structure. This work brings insight into the transformation from 0D to 3D halide perovskite structure for self‐powered photodetectors via a simple solvent engineering strategy, thereby paving the way for further investigations in various optoelectronic applications.
Lithium Chloride‐Promoted Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation Reaction of Indoles with Aldehydes and Ketones "on Water"
Authors: Yang Jun , Zhang Jianyu , Li Tianxing , Liu Yunting , Jin Hui , Ryu Do Hyun , Zhang Lixin
Published: February 2025

The Friedel‐Crafts reaction between indoles and ketones poses a significant challenge. In this study, we developed an efficient and environmentally friendly approach for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes bearing all‐carbon quaternary and tertiary centers at room temperature under "on water" conditions. Notably, the utilization of saturated lithium chloride as a solvent greatly enhances the Brønsted acid‐catalyzed double additions of indoles to ketones and aldehydes by promoting hydrophobic interactions. Additionally, LiCl acts as a Lewis acid catalyst for carbonyl activation and facilitates dehydration. This methodology demonstrates compatibility with various ketone substrates such as alkyl alkyl ketones and aryl alkyl ketones, along with aldehyde substrates. Furthermore, gram‐scale productions were successful, and the LiCl solutions demonstrate reusability.
PTAA‐Based Perovskite Photovoltaics Catching up: Ionic Liquid Engineering‐Assisted Crystallization Through Sequential Deposition
Authors: Li Yongjun , Wang Fei , Li Qiannan , Tang Baolei , Sun Yonggui , Wang Taomiao , Liang Xiao , Ma Jing , Zhou Xianfang , Zhang Fan , Li Xing'ao , Tong Yao , Hu Ruiyuan , Yuan Mingjian , Wu Tom , Ng Annie , Hu Hanlin
Published: February 2025

PTAA as a widely studied polymeric hole transporting material, has garnered significant attention due to its outstanding thermal and chemical stability. However, the performance of PTAA‐based p‐i‐n devices is shown to lag behind counterpart utilizing oxides or SAMs. In this study, the ionic liquid, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium formate (EMIMCOOH), is innovatively introduced into the lead iodide (PbI2) precursor solution, resulting in a more pronounced mesoporous PbI2 film with expended pore‐size and denser pores. This enhancement is attributed to the coordination bond between the ─C═O group in EMIMCOOH and Pb2+. This intensified mesoporous morphology not only facilities the reaction between PbI2 and the organic layer, but also promotes the PbI2 conversion into perovskite material. Importantly, the incorporation of EMIMCOOH slows down the perovskite conversion process, increasing perovskite domain size and suppressed Pb0 trap density, resulting in a uniform perovskite layer with enhanced charge transport properties, as evidenced by the conducting atomic force microscope (c‐AFM) results. As a result, the incorporation of EMIMCOOH yields a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.10% and a high fill factor exceeding 85%. Notably, the PCE of the EMIMCOOH‐modified device can still maintain 86% of the initial value after 1500 h at 25 °C in an N2 atmosphere.
Tailoring the Structural Evolution of Multi‐Electron Redox Conversions via Strong Selenium–Carbon Interaction for Robust Aqueous Copper‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jiang Fan , Peng Haoyu , Wu Yiqian , Li Yichen , Zhang Zeyu , Wang Yue , Li Jiuqiang , Peng Jing , Zhai Maolin
Published: February 2025

Aqueous metal‐selenium batteries based on chalcogenide cathodes, despite their multi‐electron conversion‐type redox reactions and rapid kinetics, suffer from short lifespans and unclear capacity degradation mechanisms. The interfacial interactions between doped carbon and chalcogenides correlate closely with the electrochemical structural evolution. Hence, flower‐like Cu2−xSe wrapped with ultrathin N‐doped carbon layer (Cu2−xSe@N‐C) is synthesized via a simple γ radiation‐pyrolysis route for the first time. The Cu2−xSe@N‐C cathode displays a high‐rate performance and long‐term stability, with a respective capacity of 310.6 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1 and a capacity retention rate of 92.9% after 30 000 cycles over 2000 h at 5 A g−1. Ex situ X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm the reversible Cu storage mechanism of the Cu2−xSe@N‐C cathode and the issues of volume expansion and oxidative dissolution related to the capacity degradation of the Cu2−xSe cathode. Furthermore, X‐ray absorption analysis and theoretical calculations reveal the presence of Se─C interactions between the ultrathin N‐doped carbon and Cu2−xSe. As a result, the physical and chemical dual‐protection of N‐doped carbon via Se‐C not only effectively stabilizes the structural evolution of Cu2−xSe but also endows it with faster electrode reaction kinetics.
“Antenna Effect”‐Enhanced AuNPs@rGO Photothermal Coating Promotes 3D Printing of Osteogenic Active Scaffolds to Repair Bone Defects after Malignant Tumor Surgery
Authors: Xu Xinyu , Wang Hao , Mei Xiaohan , Zeng Dapeng , Yu Zehao , Liu Shibo , Li Ruiyan , Qin Yanguo
Published: February 2025

Malignant bone tumor defects are difficult to treat because of the simultaneous need for tumor treatment and bone‐repair promotion. This study presents a bioactive composite scaffold (T‐rGO@Au) for personalized bone defect repair and bone tumor treatment. The T‐rGO@Au scaffold has a porous structure, and its mechanical properties are close to those of human cancellous bone. The T‐rGO@Au scaffold can induce upregulation of osteopontin (OPN), RUNX‐2, and osteocalcin (OCN) gene expression. In vivo experiments showed that the bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) ratio with the T‐rGO@Au scaffold was the highest. The new bone was tightly integrated with the implant, demonstrating effective osseointegration. The T‐rGO@Au scaffold locally generated high temperatures and reactive oxygen species under near‐infrared excitation, and AuNPs enhanced the photothermal performance of rGO through the “antenna effect.” Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that the tumor cell nuclei were destroyed, late‐stage apoptotic cells increased, and cell morphology was severely damaged. Additionally, RNA‐seq revealed that tumor cell destruction was mediated through signaling pathways, such as the MAPK pathway. In vivo antitumor experiments also demonstrated that the T‐rGO@Au scaffold significantly inhibited the growth of tumor cells within 2 weeks. Thus, the T‐rGO@Au scaffold provides a new treatment strategy for the development of implantable scaffolds for bone tumor defects.
Enhanced layer‐layer interaction via a tunable C60 layer in Mo2CTx‐based catalyst for ammonia synthesis
Authors: Zhang Yangyu , Zhou Yanliang , Peng Xuanbei , Chen Ming , Li Jiaxin , Zhang Mingyuan , Zhang Tianhua , Ni Jun , Zheng Lirong , Wang Xiuyun , Jiang Lilong
Published: February 2025

Molybdenum (Mo) serves as the key site in the nitrogenase enzyme, catalyzing the conversion of N2 into NH3 under ambient conditions. However, the strong affinity of Mo sites for N2 hinders H2 adsorption due to the competitive nature of N2 and H2 on a single site, resulting in an unsatisfactory ammonia synthesis performance. Here, we propose an approach of intervening C60 layer as a second site for H2 adsorption on two‐dimensional Mo2CTx. The C60 layer thickness is readily tunable by varying its loading content. An optimal C60 layer significantly enhances the electronic interaction between the C60 layer and the Mo2CTx layer, leading to a remarkable decrease in the work function and an increase in the electron density of Mo atoms. Therefore, the separate adsorption of N2 and H2 on distinct sites is substantially facilitated. The present work offers insights into the correlation between structure and performance in NH3 synthesis catalysts.
Single‐Gene Deletion of FGF3 in a Patient With Features of 11q13 Microdeletion Syndrome
Authors: Rahi Hamed , Dickson Patricia I. , Toler Tomi L. , Corliss Meagan M. , Cao Yang
Published: February 2025

Chromosome 11q13 microdeletion syndrome, or otodental syndrome, involves dental, auditory, and ocular anomalies linked to deletions in the 11q13.2q13.4 region. We report a 1‐year‐old girl with a 43 kb deletion of the FGF3 gene on chromosome 11q13.3, exhibiting otodental dysplasia, hearing difficulty, and developmental delay. Her family history includes permanent childhood hearing loss and otodental syndrome. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and sequencing confirmed a complete heterozygous deletion of FGF3. This case suggests that FGF3 haploinsufficiency is sufficient to cause the syndrome's key clinical features, emphasizing the need for further research and long‐term follow‐up.
A Multicenter Study of Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis in China
Authors: Chu Xujun , Kang Juan , Xu Jingwen , Jiang Haishan , Wu Zhi‐Ying , Wang Qingping , Li Wei , Li Jia , Luan Xinghua , Sun Chong , Zou Zhangyu , Zhu Min , Chen Bin , Liu Xiaoxuan , Zhou Meihong , Du Kang , Huang Tao , Fan Dongsheng , Zhang Zaiqiang , Hong Daojun , Lin Jie , Cao Li , Qian Min , Wang Zhaoxia , Yuan Yun , Da Yuwei , Yu Hao , Zhang Ruxu , Meng Lingchao
Published: February 2025

Objective

Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by the misfolding and deposition of the transthyretin (TTR) protein. This study aimed to describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of ATTRv in a large multicenter Chinese cohort.

Methods

Patients from 14 centers were included in the study. The clinical and genetic characteristics of all patients were summarized. The peripheral blood white blood cell mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was detected in offspring from different genders.

Results

A total of 202 individuals with ATTRv from 148 families were identified. The average age of onset was 50.6 ± 12.4 years. Among these cases, 117 (57.9%) were classified as late‐onset (≥50 years) and 85 (42.1%) as early‐onset. Overall, the length dependent axonal sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy was the predominant phenotype (89.1%). A total of 42 heterozygous missense variants and 1 deletion variant were identified. The most common variants were Val30Met (19.8%) and Ala97Ser (15.8%) and patients with Val30Met and Ala97Ser were mostly late‐onset in our cohort. Thirty‐nine of these patients died with a mean age of 56.1 ± 13.5 years. Anticipation according to gender groups of offspring‐parent pairs was different, and mother‐son pairs showed the largest anticipation. The copies of mtDNA in the mother's offspring outnumbered those of the father's offspring (p < 0.001).

Interpretation

This study highlights that ATTRv patients in China exhibit high heterogeneity in their initial symptoms. The most common variants observed in this cohort is Val30Met. The mtDNA copy number shows gender‐linked effects. These results can impact ATTRv diagnosis and patient care strategies. ANN NEUROL 2025
Self‐Assembled Triple‐Targeted Radiosensitizer Enhances Hypoxic Tumor Targeting and Radio‐Immunotherapy Efficacy
Authors: Tian Yuyang , Wang Lian , Chen Ruifang , Miao Yinxin , Liu Yili , Huang Weijing , Fang Leyi , Liu Shaohai , Luo Jiewei , Sun Xiaolian , Zhang Yan , Ye Deju
Published: February 2025

Targeted delivery of radiosensitizers and real‐time monitoring of hypoxia are crucial for overcoming radiotherapy resistance in hypoxic tumors. Here, we report A‐Cy‐Ni‐RGD, a triple‐targeted nitroimidazole (Ni)‐linked radiosensitizer that self‐assembles into nanoparticles (A‐Cy‐Ni‐RGD NPs) for bimodal near‐infrared fluorescence (NIR FL) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging‐guided radio‐immunotherapy. A‐Cy‐Ni‐RGD NPs specifically accumulate in αvβ3‐positive tumors, where they are hydrolyzed by carboxylesterase to form Cy‐Ni‐RGD NPs, with enhanced FL at 710 nm and dual PA signals at 680 and 730 nm. Under hypoxic conditions, nitroreductase (NTR) further reduces these NPs, covalently labeling endogenous proteins and increasing NP size. This process partially alleviates aggregation‐caused quenching effect, increasing the FL710 signal and decreasing the PA730 signal, enabling real‐time tracking of tumor‐specific delivery and hypoxia. Following low‐dose X‐ray irradiation (2 Gy), elevated NTR expression promotes further Cy‐Ni‐RGD NPs reduction, enhancing proteins labeling and causing DNA damage. Moreover, radiosensitization with A‐Cy‐Ni‐RGD NPs triggers robust immunogenic cell death, stimulating antitumor immunity that inhibits tumor growth and metastasis, significantly prolonging survival in mice with orthotopic 4T1 tumors. This work underscores the potential of self‐assembling, triple‐targeted radiotheranostic agents for improving tumor targeting, imaging, and radiotherapy efficacy in hypoxic tumors.
Redox‐Mediated TEMPO‐based D‐A Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient Photo‐Induced Hydrogen Peroxide Generation
Authors: Chen Junlan , Yan Shichen , wang Futong , Lin Fuwen , Lin Jing , Borse Rahul Anil , Wang Yaobing
Published: February 2025

Molecular engineering of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offers an alternative approach to conventional anthraquinone oxidation via photo‐induced H2O2 production from O2 reduction. Despite their potential, reported photocatalysts suffer limited proton mobility, low selectivity, and insufficient charge separation and utilization. Herein, we report a nitroxyl radical (TEMPO) decorated two‐dimensional (2D) donor‐acceptor (D‐A)‐COF photocatalyst via a one‐pot strategy linking the porphyrin unit. Under visible light irradiation, highly crystalline TAPP‐TPDA‐TEMPO‐COF (TT‐T‐COF) exhibits a remarkable photocatalytic H2O2 yield of 10066 μmol g−1 h−1 in two‐phase water‐benzyl alcohol (BA 10%) system through direct two‐electron (2e−) pathway. The mechanistic study by DFT calculations and in‐situ DRIFT spectra suggests Yeager‐type adsorption of O2 on the nitroxyl radical site (N‐O•). The efficient photocatalytic performance and stability of TT‐T‐COF are attributed to the involvement of the nitroxyl radical (N‐O•), which enhances selective O2 adsorption, establishes a distinct electron density distribution, and facilitates photogenerated charge carrier (electron‐hole) separation compared to TT‐HT‐COF and TT‐COF counterparts. This study uncovers a new perspective for constructing metal‐free, redox‐mediated radical‐based COFs for sustainable energy conversion, storage, and biomedical applications.
Flame Retardant, Smoke Suppressant, and Thermal Degradation Properties of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Treated With Fibrous Tin‐Based Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Duan Lian‐lian , Xu Xiao‐xia , Liu Fu‐ya , Wu Jie , Qu Hong‐qiang , Xu Jian‐zhong , Ma Hai‐yun , Jiao Yun‐hong
Published: February 2025

The current basic requirement for additive flame retardants is to improve flame retardancy while minimizing damage to the mechanical properties of the matrix. Many studies have reported that fibrous flame retardants not only improve flame retardancy but also enhance the performance of the flame‐retardant polymer matrix. Therefore, a fibrous tin‐based metal–organic framework material (SnBDC) in this study was prepared in an aqueous solution and studied as a flame retardant in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix through the following methods: the limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimetry, universal tensile testing machine, a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with a mass spectrometer, scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Compared with PVC, the LOI value and tensile strength of the flame‐retardant PVC sample treated with 2 phr SnBDC (PVC/2) were increased by 3 units and 34%, respectively; the peak heat release rate, peak smoke production rate, and total smoke production of PVC/2 were reduced by 44%, 66%, and 45%, respectively. SnBDC mainly accelerates the dechlorination of PVC in the first stage, promotes the cross‐linking of PVC dechlorination products into char, and inhibits especially the release of aromatic compounds.
Wild or Farmed: Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotope Values as Natural Biomarkers to Improve the Traceability of Endangered Totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi, Sciaenidae)
Authors: Gamboa‐Delgado Julián , Sánchez‐Díaz Ricardo
Published: February 2025

Totoaba macdonaldi is a large Sciaenid fish listed as a vulnerable species. The illegal commerce of its swimming bladder has caused severe overfishing, which has in turn been associated to the population decline of vaquita, a porpoise endemic to the Gulf of California. The present study had two objectives; the first was to use the natural carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values of wild and farmed totoaba as biomarkers to identify their origin. In the second part of the study, a group of juvenile totoabas was maintained under controlled feeding conditions to explore their rates of isotopic change and estimate the time required for the dietary isotopic values to be transferred into muscle tissue. Results from the feeding experiment indicated that muscle tissue of fish reached an isotopic equilibrium with the offered diet after 28 days for carbon and 43 days for nitrogen. Muscle samples collected from wild and farmed totoaba were analysed and data revealed that the isotopic values (carbon and nitrogen) were significantly different between both groups of organisms. A discriminant analysis using dual isotopic measurements showed a significant separation of classes, indicating that the isotopic values measured at natural abundance levels, can be effectively applied as biomarkers to support the traceability processes of farmed totoaba. The implications to promote a reduction of product mislabelling and to improve detection of illegally extracted fish are addressed.
From Survey to Rescue Excavation: Ground Truthing Geophysical Data From the Timișoara‐Freidorf La Tène Culture Settlement
Authors: Ardelean A. C. , Sărășan A. , Georgescu A. , Timoc C. , Popa Ș.
Published: February 2025

The current study employs a geophysical approach, integrating magnetic and Electrical Resistivity Tomography techniques, to unveil the Timișoara‐Freidorf La Tène culture settlement in the lowlands of the Banat region, southwestern Romania, within the context of a rescue excavation. A multi‐method approach was adopted in order to enhance archaeological precision. Geophysics proved essential in unveiling historical layers facing imminent destruction, providing insights into settlement organization. With a 71% correspondence rate between predicted and excavated archaeological features, we highlight the effectiveness of magnetic measurements in anticipating content for subsequent rescue excavations, especially in the context of La Tène culture features, where an overall detection rate of 85.7% is achieved. A total of 38 potential archaeological features were identified, with subsequent excavation confirming six as La Tène culture features. The excavation uncovered a detailed chronology, emphasizing craft workshops and a semicircular structural pattern. This research not only underscores the efficacy of geophysical methods in anticipating excavation content but also contributes significantly to the identification and understanding the organizational structures of Late Iron Age communities in the Banat region, a region still in its early stages of exploration.
Recent advancements in the cyclization strategies of 1,3‐enynes towards the synthesis of heterocyclic /carbocyclic frameworks
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Sakla Akash P , Aaghaz Shams , Ahmed Shujauddin , Neshat Naziya
Published: February 2025

1,3‐Enynes have demonstrated their utility as valuable precursors to furnish a diverse range of heterocycles and carbocycles. Their unique structural characteristics enable a new toolbox to introduce requisite complexity in the molecular framework. Cyclization reaction is usually a simple and straightforward way to afford complex organic frameworks. Herein, we collated versatile cyclization strategies that have been developed by employing 1,3‐enynes for the synthesis of heterocyclic and carbocyclic scaffolds. Divergent synthesis and mechanistic perspectives to define stereo‐, regio‐ and chemo‐selective outcomes of such reactions have also been highlighted.
A Framework for Product Life Cycle Management Based Digital Twin Implementation in the Aerospace Industry
Authors: Oksuz Gurdal Busra , Testik Ozlem Muge
Published: February 2025

As an emerging technology, digital twin (DT) studies are gaining momentum in both academia and industry. Specifically, the aerospace industry can benefit significantly from the implementation of DT technology since its products and processes are complex, technically challenging, and costly. DTs enable a comprehensive technology integration capacity and holistic approach in the product life cycle. However, for simplification, implementations of DT to processes in the aerospace industry are often handled independently without integration with other related processes. In this study, we propose a methodological framework to integrate different processes throughout the essential parts of aircraft's life cycle. In pursuit of creating a DT of the system for managing the life cycle of aircraft, all aspects and processes have been thoroughly examined. Ten main components for the management of DTs are identified. Statistical and stochastic approaches for enhancing the analytical capabilities of DTs are discussed. Within the scope of Product Life Cycle Management and from the perspective of Systems Engineering, we advocate creating the DT of an aircraft by combining the DTs for each component through a digital thread.
A precise targeting of Staphylococcus aureus with phage RBP‐decorated antibiotic‐loaded nanoparticles
Authors: Dokuz Senanur , Coksu Irem , Acar Serap , Ozbek Tulin
Published: February 2025

Resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, which have emerged due to the excessive and indiscriminate use of antibiotics, have become one of the most significant causes of hospital‐acquired infections, highlighting the necessity for specific and effective alternative methods in combating them. Leveraging the therapeutic potential of bacteriophage receptor binding protein (RBP), which occurs unique and irreversible binding of its host, in recognizing bacteria renders them valuable components in the development of targeted nanoparticle‐based drug delivery systems, and offers promising approach to combat antibiotic resistance. In this study, synthesis and characterization of rifampicin‐loaded PLGA nanoparticle (RIF‐NP) were conducted and for selective targeting of S. aureus, rGp144, the RBP derived from Bacteriophage K, was conjugated onto the surface of the synthesized RIF‐NP (RIF144‐NP). While RIF‐NP initially exhibited approximately a zeta potential of −26 mV and a size of 250 nm, after the conjugation with rGp144 led to an increase in zeta potential to −11 mV and a size to 300 nm. FT‐IR analysis after conjugation confirmed the presence of primary amide bands in the regions of 1650 cm−1 and 1550 cm−1. Furthermore, the nanoparticles exhibited an encapsulation efficiency of 35.26% and a drug loading capacity of 26.64%. When the antimicrobial activities were evaluated, it was observed that compared to free RIF, the nano systems reduced the MIC value by twofold for all S. aureus strains. Incorporating a targeting strategy based on phage RBP in decoration to the surface of nanoparticular drug carriers represents a noteworthy and innovative treatment when combating bacterial infections.
Reading science: A mixed‐methods study of alternative grading with a molecular biology journal club
Authors: Russell Ashley , Cruz Laura
Published: February 2025

Researchers and practitioners have identified the ability to read scientific literature effectively as a core competency in undergraduate STEM education, but comparatively little research has been conducted on how students engage, both cognitively and affectively, with advanced scientific research. This mixed‐methods study assesses the process through which students engaged with a series of scaffolded, alternatively graded assignments focused on reading Molecular Biology research articles (the “journal club”). The results of the study suggest that alternative grading can be implemented strategically to address affective barriers in how and why students read science, with potential implications for addressing gender inequities.
Serum Angiopoietin‐Like Protein 4 as a Biomarker for Acute Ischemic Stroke Severity and Dynamic Changes
Authors: Guo Fang , Zheng Chong , Yang Tao , Hu Fang‐Wei , Chen Yan‐Gui , Liou Chia‐Wei , Cai Bin
Published: February 2025

Background

Angiopoietin‐like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is critical for vascular integrity and reducing inflammation in ischemic and hypoxic brain injuries. However, limited studies have evaluated ANGPTL4's role in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) assessment, and its expression patterns across AIS phases remain unclear.

Methods

The severity of AIS at admission was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The association between serum ANGPTL4 level and the occurrence of AIS was examined using logistic regression analysis. The diagnostic accuracy of serum ANGPTL4 level for AIS severity was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results

This study included 389 AIS patients and 133 healthy individuals. There was a notable increase in the occurrence of AIS associated with rising serum ANGPTL4 levels (odds ratio [OR] 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.06; p < 0.001). A higher serum level of ANGPTL4 was also found to be associated with severe AIS, as indicated by an AUC of 0.848. Additionally, we observed significant dynamic changes in ANGPTL4 levels, with a marked decrease at 1 week or 2 weeks after admission compared with the acute phase (the day after admission; both p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest a robust association between elevated serum ANGPTL4 levels and the presence and severity of AIS. Importantly, this study is distinguished by its novel focus on the temporal dynamics of ANGPTL4 levels, which underscores its potential as a biomarker for AIS monitoring and provides new insights into AIS pathophysiology.
Simplified Visual Stimuli Impair Retrieval and Transfer in Audiovisual Equivalence Learning Tasks
Authors: Tót Kálmán , Eördegh Gabriella , Harcsa‐Pintér Noémi , Bodosi Balázs , Kéri Szabolcs , Kiss Ádám , Kelemen András , Braunitzer Gábor , Nagy Attila
Published: February 2025

Background

The visually guided Rutgers Acquired Equivalence Test (RAET) and the various visual and audiovisual versions of the test with the same structure involve rule acquisition, retrieval, and generalization and is based on learning stimulus pairs (antecedents and consequents). In an earlier study we have found no difference in the acquisition learning and only slight enhancement in retrieval and generalization in the audiovisual learning compared to the visual one if complex readily verbalizable visual stimuli (cartoon faces and color fish) were used. In this study, we sought to examine whether similar phenomena can be observed with feature‐restricted, less verbalizable visual stimuli (geometric shapes).

Methods

A total of 119 healthy adult volunteers completed two computer‐based test paradigms: Polygon (PO) and SoundPolygon (SP). PO is a visual test where the antecedents are shaded circles, and the consequents are geometric shapes. SP is an audiovisual test where the antecedents are sounds and the consequents are the same geometric shapes as in PO.

Results

There were no significant differences in the performances and the reaction times in the acquisition phase between the PO (visual) and SP (audiovisual) tests. However, the performances in retrieval and generalization were significantly poorer in the audiovisual test and the reaction times were also longer.

Conclusion

The acquisition phase seems to be independent from the stimulus modality if the simple geometric shapes were visual stimuli. However, feature‐restricted, less verbalizable visual stimuli make more difficult to retrieve and generalize the already acquired audiovisual information.
Causality between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Telomere Length
Authors: Jin Tianyu , Yang Ruiyao , Cheng Yifan , Cao Zheng , He Zitian , Guo Shunyuan
Published: February 2025

Background

The association between telomere length (TL) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has received much attention. However, previous observational studies have yielded inconclusive evidence regarding this relationship. Our study aims to elucidate the causal relationship between TL and ASD using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods

We employed the largest genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics for TL (sample size = 472,174) and ASD (sample size = 46,351). The primary MR analysis method was the inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) method, complemented by the MR‐Egger method, weighted median (WM) method, and MR‐PRESSO. Additionally, sensitivity analyses including Cochran's Q test, the intercept of MR‐Egger regression, the global test of MR‐PRESSO, and the leave‐one‐out analysis were conducted in our study.

Results

The primary MR analysis indicated a significant association between ASD and shorter TL (IVW: OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96–0.99, p = 0.03). However, no significant association was found in the reverse direction MR analysis (IVW: OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.94–1.23, p = 0.35). Raw and outlier‐corrected MR estimates from MR‐PRESSO were consistent with the IVW results. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings.

Conclusions

Our study indicated that individuals with ASD have shorter TL, however, shorter TL does not appear to increase the risk of ASD.
Baicalein inhibited amino‐modified polystyrene nanoplastics induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells pyroptosis by reducing the expression of NLRP3/Caspase‐1/GSDMD pathway
Authors: Chen Junliang , Ren Ziqi , Sun Xiaodan , Wang Le , Liu Dan , Chen Yiqing , Cao Xiangyu
Published: February 2025

Amino‐modified polystyrene nanoplastics (NH2‐NPs), generated through UV aging and photocatalytic processes, can lead to vascular damage. Baicalein is a flavonoid compound with anti‐inflammatory properties that exerts a protective effect on blood vessels. However, whether baicalein can inhibit vascular damage induced by NH2‐NPs remains to be investigated. In this study, cell viability assay, fluorescence staining observation, and western blot techniques were used to evaluate the mechanisms after NH2‐NPs and baicalein exposure. The results showed that baicalein at concentrations of 12.5, 25, and 50 μM effectively inhibited the toxicity induced by NH2‐NPs. Besides, baicalein reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels to 226.63 ± 25.65%, 168.13 ± 14.45%, and 124.70 ± 18.04% at 12.5, 25, and 50 μM, respectively. The results of Hoechst/propidium iodide (PI) staining showed that 50 μM baicalein reduced the PI‐positive rate to 12.42 ± 1.16%. Additionally, co‐incubation with baicalein significantly reduced the expression of proteins in pyroptosis pathway, including NLRP3, Cleaved Caspase‐1, ASC, and GSDMD, effectively inhibiting the activation of pyroptosis induced by NH2‐NPs in HUVECs. This study elucidated the mechanism by which baicalein inhibited NH2‐NPs‐induced pyroptosis in HUVECs, providing a reference for the prevention of vascular injury and utilization of natural product resources.