bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Target Gene-Based Association Study of High Mobility Group Box Protein 1 in Intracranial Aneurysms in Koreans
Authors: Hong Eun Pyo , Han Sung Woo , Kim Bong Jun , Youn Dong Hyuk , Rhim Jong Kook , Jeon Jin Pyeong , Park Jeong Jin
Published: September 2024

Objective: We investigated the effect of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) on intracranial aneurysms (IAs) by analyzing single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. HMGB1 mRNA and protein expression levels in plasma were also analyzed. Methods: This study was a comprehensive analysis of a GWAS dataset, including 250 patients with IAs and 294 controls. The HMGB1 gene region was targeted within SNP rs3742305 ± 10 kbp. Multivariate logistic regression analysis determined its association with IAs after adjusting for relevant clinical factors. HMGB1 mRNA expression was analyzed in the plasma of 24 patients selected from the GWAS dataset. The HMGB1 protein was analyzed by Western blotting. Results: A total of seven polymorphisms, including rs1360485, rs185382445, rs2039338, rs1045411, rs3742305, rs2249825, and rs189034241, were observed. Two SNPs, including rs1045411 (UTR-3) and rs3742305 (intron), showed strong linkage disequilibrium (r2 = 0.99). However, none of the seven SNPs associated with IAs had an adjusted p-value of < 0.0016 on multiple comparison analysis. HMGB1 mRNA levels (2−ΔCt) did not differ significantly between patients with IAs and the control subjects [1.07 (1.00–1.15) in patients with IAs vs. 1.05 (0.94–1.12) in controls; p = 0.67)]. Also, no significant difference in the degree of plasma HMGB1 protein expression was seen between the two groups (p = 0.82). Conclusions: The number of SNPs associated with HMGB1 and the degree of HMGB1 mRNA and protein expression were not significantly different between patients diagnosed with IAs and the controls.
Adaptation and Validation of the Intercultural Effectiveness Scale in a Sample of Initial Teacher Training Students in Chile
Authors: Beltrán-Véliz Juan Carlos , Gálvez-Nieto José Luis , Klenner-Loebel Maura , Vera-Gajardo Nathaly
Published: September 2024

Intercultural effectiveness is a relevant construct for improving the training of future teachers and promoting culturally diverse educational environments. This study aimed to adapt and validate the intercultural effectiveness scale (IES) in a sample of pre-service teachers in Chile. A cross-sectional design study was conducted, in which 584 Chilean university students participated (male = 37.8%; female = 61.6%; other = 0.5%), with a mean age of 20.56 years (SD = 3.37) and 21.9% identifying themselves as belonging to an ethnic group. The results obtained from structural equation modelling confirmed the structure of six correlated factors. The scores of the six factors of the IES presented positive and statistically significant correlations with the intercultural sensitivity scale (ISS). In addition, the factors presented adequate levels of reliability. The results of this research are discussed based on current theoretical and empirical evidence.
Psychological Predictors of Attitude toward Integrated Arts Education among Chinese College Students Majoring in the Arts
Authors: Ouyang Yingke , Park Alexander , Suh Kyung-Hyun
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the psychological factors related to the attitudes of Chinese arts college students toward integrated arts education. It also examined predictive models incorporating psychological variables, demographic profiles, and art education-related characteristics to offer valuable insights for future research and art education practices. The sample comprised 303 Chinese college students majoring in arts and aged 18–22 years. The predictive models were examined using stepwise regression and decision tree analyses. The results indicated positive correlations between attitudes toward integrated arts education and several psychological variables, including extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), hardiness, creativity, self-efficacy, and purpose orientation for personal growth. Neuroticism and the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) were negatively correlated with attitudes toward integrated arts education. Further, extraversion accounted for the greatest variance in attitudes toward integrated arts education. Extraversion, self-efficacy, purpose orientation for personal growth, BIS, and commitment accounted for approximately 38.3% of the variance. The decision tree model, predicting the attitudes of college students majoring in the arts toward integrated arts education, included extraversion, self-efficacy, teaching experience in their major, and academic year. This study contributes to a better understanding of the psychological and educational factors that shape the attitudes of Chinese arts students toward integrated arts education and provides a predictive framework that can inform future research and educational practices.
Association between the Indoor Visual Environment and Cognition in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Luo Kaizhou , Wei Dake , He Bingjie , Fei Ye
Published: September 2024

The visual environment plays a crucial role in how individuals perceive and interact with their surroundings, particularly for older adults, who spend most of their time indoors. Cognitive decline and daily cognitive performance in older adults are significantly influenced by the characteristics of indoor visual environment (IVE). However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the effects and associations of IVE characteristics on cognitive performance in older adults. Systematic review is a comprehensive, transparent, and structured approach that employs a predefined, rigorous methodology to identify, select, and critically assess all relevant studies, minimizing bias and providing a reliable summary of the evidence. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to comprehensively synthesize the evidence on the association between IVE characteristics and cognition in older adults through a systematic review. A systematic search was conducted using three databases, i.e., Web of Science, PubMed, and EBSCO, along with forward and backward citation tracking, covering studies published from database inception to April 2024. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed quantitative or mixed-method studies targeting older adults, with IVE characteristics as the intervention and cognitive function or related assessments as outcome. Only studies published in English were included. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (Version 2018). A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. The results show that the methodological quality of most studies was high, and IVE characteristics have dual effects on cognitive performance in older adults, with different IVE characteristics affecting various aspects of cognitive function. Importantly, older adults with cognitive impairments maintain normal levels of color perception, color or numbers as environmental cues have temporal relevance, and differences in texture direction or range may lead to visual illusions, negatively affecting their cognitive performance. Furthermore, three higher-order dimensions were constructed to explain the mapping associations between them. The cognitive needs of older adults for the IVE were further inferred based on their cognitive performance. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the association between IVE characteristics and cognitive performance of older adults, and provides a strong basis and reference for the construction of supportive cognitive compensation environments for aging services and architects.
Cyclic Performance and Environmental Impact of Precast Demountable RCS Joints
Authors: Li Wei , Yang Yang , Kong Zhengyi , Huang Wei , Wang Yaping , Wang Haijing
Published: September 2024

To facilitate the disassembly and recycling of structural components, this study proposes a novel demountable reinforced-concrete column–steel beam (RCS) joint. Numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the performance of this new RCS joint using finite element software ABAQUS 2021. Simultaneously, to expand the parametric analysis of the finite element model, further validating aspects such as concrete strength, the flange strength of the steel beam, the strength of the gusset plates, and the longitudinal reinforcement ratio were studied. The finite element analysis results demonstrate that the proposed demountable RCS joint exhibits superior bearing capacity and ductility compared to conventional cast-in-place joints. To further investigate the seismic behavior and influencing rules of this joint, analyses were carried out focusing on aspects such as hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, ductility, energy dissipation, residual deformations, and strength degradation. The findings reveal that gusset plate strengths, steel beam strength, beam-end connecting plate strength, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and concrete strength have significant impacts on the strength and failure modes of the RCS joints. In addition, the life cycle analysis of four different material structures shows that the demountable RCS joints have the smallest carbon emission during the life cycle, which is conducive to the reuse of resources. Finally, the development of demountable RCS joints is proposed for China’s construction industry.
Numerical Analysis of Internal Force Distribution in Combining Supporting Structures for Expansive Soil High Slope along Railway
Authors: Yan Yuan , Zhang Yidan , Shen Quan , Wang Chaohui
Published: September 2024

To simulate the influence of rainfall on the internal forces of expansive soil slope retaining structures, an approximate calculation method for the humidity stress field of expansive soil is proposed in this study. Considering both rainy and non-rainy conditions, on a high expansive soil slope, a numerical model is constructed for a combining supporting structure, which is composed of upper and lower anti-sliding piles and anchor rods/cable frames. Furthermore, the distribution of internal forces in the retaining structure is studied, and design optimization is performed. The research findings reveal that the bending moment profile along the longitudinal axis of the lower anti-sliding pile demonstrates a distinctive “W” pattern, which is characterized by initial reduction, following augmentation, a subsequent reduction, and final amplification. In contrast, the upper anti-sliding pile experiences an ascending trend, followed by a descending trend, and then a subsequent ascending trend. Interestingly, the introduction of rainfall grants an escalation in both the shear force exerted along the entire length of the upper and lower anti-sliding piles and the bending moment encountered by the lower anti-sliding pile. The determination of the internal force distribution of the expansive soil slope retaining structures under different conditions, using the proposed calculation method, provides a further optimization in their design.
The Integration of Bio-Active Elements into Building Façades as a Sustainable Concept
Authors: Metwally Walaa Mohamed , Ibrahim Vitta Abdel Rehim
Published: September 2024

Global warming and climate change are major concerns across multiple disciplines. Population growth, urbanization, and industrialization are significant contributing factors to such problems due to the escalating use of fossil fuels required to meet growing energy demands. The building sector uses the largest share of total global energy production and produces tons of greenhouse gas emissions. Emerging eco-friendly technologies, such as solar and wind energy harvesting, are being extensively explored; however, they are insufficient. Nature-inspired technologies could offer solutions to our problems. For instance, algae are microorganisms that use water, light, and CO2 to produce energy and sustain life, and the exploitation of these characteristics in a built environment is termed algae building technology, which is a very efficient and green application suitable for a sustainable future. Algae-integrated façades show great versatility through biomass and energy production, wastewater treatment, shading, and thermal and acoustic insulation. In this paper, algae will be introduced as a robust tool toward a greener and more sustainable future. Algae building technology and its implementation will be demonstrated. Furthermore, steps for applying this sustainable strategy in Egypt will be discussed.
Multi-Dimensional Influencing Factors of Spatial Evolution of Traditional Villages in Guizhou Province of China and Their Conservation Significance
Authors: Su Xin , Zhou Hanru , Guo Yanlong , Zhu Yelin
Published: September 2024

As a model of the symbiotic wisdom between humans and nature, traditional villages carry rich historical and cultural values in their existence. However, the rapid urbanization process has led to the destruction and even disappearance of many traditional villages, and surviving villages urgently need to cope with the severe challenge of protecting their original ecology and cultural environment. To preserve the heritage of traditional villages, it is necessary to investigate their geographic distribution and influencing factors. We have conducted research and statistics on traditional villages using Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis technology (GIS), described in detail the complex interrelationships among natural, social, and cultural variables in the distribution and evolution of villages, and analyzed the relevant influencing factors qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the research show that (1) in terms of geographical distribution, traditional villages in Guizhou tend to exhibit a high degree of agglomeration and clustering, and their distribution structure is characterized by “small aggregation and scattering, with many cores and few peripheries”. (2) Most traditional villages in Guizhou appeared after the end of the Qing Dynasty. (3) Natural and cultural factors influence the design and layout of traditional settlements, and socioeconomic and historical culture influence the evolution of traditional settlements. These factors also influence the formation of traditional villages and the changes in their geographical distribution. This study provides a scientific basis for the sustainable development of traditional villages in Guizhou Province. It explores a new way to study and protect the spatial patterns of traditional villages.
Senescence Biomarkers CKAP4 and PTX3 Stratify Severe Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: McCallion Sean , McLarnon Thomas , Cooper Eamonn , English Andrew R. , Watterson Steven , Chemaly Melody El , McGeough Cathy , Eakin Amanda , Ahmed Tan , Gardiner Philip , Pendleton Adrian , Wright Gary , McGuigan Declan , O’Kane Maurice , Peace Aaron , Kuan Ying , Gibson David S. , McClean Paula L. , Kelly Catriona , McGilligan Victoria , Murray Elaine K. , McCarroll Frank , Bjourson Anthony J. , Rai Taranjit Singh
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Cellular senescence is the irreversible growth arrest subsequent to oncogenic mutations, DNA damage, or metabolic insult. Senescence is associated with ageing and chronic age associated diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The involvement of cellular senescence in acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not fully understood. However, recent studies suggest that such patients have a higher-than-normal level of cellular senescence and accelerated ageing. Methods: This study aimed to discover key biomarkers of senescence in AKI and CKD patients compared to other chronic ageing diseases in controls using OLINK proteomics. Results: We show that senescence proteins CKAP4 (p-value < 0.0001) and PTX3 (p-value < 0.0001) are upregulated in AKI and CKD patients compared with controls with chronic diseases, suggesting the proteins may play a role in overall kidney disease development. Conclusions: CKAP4 was found to be differentially expressed in both AKI and CKD when compared to UHCs; hence, this biomarker could be a prognostic senescence biomarker of both AKI and CKD.
Experimental Examination of Enhanced Nanoceramic-Based Self-Cleaning Sprays for High-Efficiency Hydrophobic Photovoltaic Panels
Authors: Abdrabo Merna , Elkaseer Ahmed , Elshazly Engy , El-Deab Mohamed S. , El-Mahallawi Iman
Published: September 2024

Dust deposition poses a significant challenge in the implementation of photovoltaic panels (PV) especially in hot and dusty environments, such as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This issue leads to progressive degradation of PV efficiency and output power. In this context, this research work aims to improve PV performance by developing self-cleaning sprays as a preventative solution. Different concentrations of SnO2 and TiO2 nanoceramics were dispersed in isopropyl alcohol solvent to reduce the mixture’s viscosity and facilitate smooth spraying on solar panels, whose efficiency was continually assessed in outdoor conditions. Although less commonly used for this application, the nano-SnO2 was selected for the purpose of enhancing the surface hydrophobicity, whereas nano-TiO2 was included for its favorable photocatalytic properties. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) oil, known for its self-cleaning characteristic, was served as the base material in the developed sprays. The described blend of materials represents a novel combination. The results indicated that 2.5% nano-SnO2 and 2.5% nano-TiO2 in PDMS oil enhanced efficiency by 5.4% compared to a non-sprayed panel after five weeks of outdoor exposure. This efficiency gain was experimentally justified and attributed to the spray’s ability to achieve a water contact angle (WCA) of 100.6°, forming a hydrophobic surface conducive to self-cleaning. Further characterization results, including photocatalysis and zeta potential have been gathered and analyzed.
Unraveling the Dynamics of Mental and Visuospatial Workload in Virtual Reality Environments
Authors: Bernal Guillermo , Jung Hahrin , Yassı İsmail Emir , Hidalgo Nelson , Alemu Yodahe , Barnes-Diana Tyler , Maes Pattie
Published: September 2024

Mental workload, visuospatial processes and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity are highly intertwined phenomena crucial for achieving optimal performance and improved mental health. Virtual reality (VR) serves as an effective tool for creating variety of controlled environments to better probe these features. This study investigates the relationship between mental and visuospatial workload, physiological arousal, and performance during a high-demand task in a VR environment. We utilized a modified version of the popular computer game TETRIS as the task, involving 25 participants, and employed a physiological computing VR headset that simultaneously records multimodal physiological data. Our findings indicate a broadband increase in EEG power just prior to a helper event, followed by a spike of visuospatial engagement (parietal alpha and beta 0-1-3 s) occurring concurrently with a decrease in mental workload (frontal theta 2–4 s), and subsequent decreases in visuospatial engagement (parietal theta at 14 s) and physiological arousal (HRV at 20 s). Regression analysis indicated that the subjective relief and helpfulness of the helper intervention was primarily driven by a decrease in physiological arousal and an increase in visuospatial engagement. These findings highlight the importance of multimodal physiological recording in rich environments, such as real world scenarios and VR, to understand the interplay between the various physiological responses involved in mental and visuospatial workload.
Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of TiB2/Al–Cu–Mn–Cd Composite with the Adoption of Two-Stage Solution and Aging Treatment
Authors: Li Jihao , Xiang Zhilei , Shen Gaoliang , Huang Jingcun , Sun Wenchao , Yang Zian , Han Yang , Li Leizhe , Li Meng , Chen Ziyong
Published: September 2024

In this study, in order to obtain excellent mechanical properties in TiB2/Al–Cu–Mn–Cd composite, an optimized heat treatment, i.e., short-time solution treatment at 535 °C for 1 h following long-time solution at 523 °C for 11 h, and aging treatment, i.e., aged at 170 °C for 12 h, is proposed. In addition, this study investigated the connection between microstructure evolution and mechanical properties during heat treatment. The results show that with adoption of the optimized solution treatment, the area fraction of second and eutectic Al2Cu phases decreased from 5.08% in the as-cast state to less than 0.36% owing to improvement of dissolution efficiency in the high-temperature short-time solution. Comparing mechanical properties of the composite in the as-cast state and in the peak-aged state, average ultimate tensile strength and yield strength increased from 211.9 MPa to 523.0 MPa and from 115.8 MPa to 451.8 MPa, respectively. However, average elongation slightly decreased from 8.78% to 8.24%. Strength contribution of the peak-aged TiB2/Al–Cu–Mn–Cd composite was mainly ascribed to Cd-rich, θ″ and θ′ precipitates. In the peak-aged state, number density and average diameter of the plate-like θ″ and θ′ precipitates reached 4.266 × 1021 m3 and 64.30 nm, respectively, and severe lattice distortions occurred around the Cd-rich precipitates, providing the strongest precipitation strengthening. These findings indicate that the two-stage solution treatment successfully solved the problem of the eutectic phase at the triangular grain boundary being difficult to dissolve in a TiB2/Al-Cu-Mn-Cd composite, and excellent mechanical properties were acquired with the optimized aging treatment.
Evaluation of the Geriatric Trauma Outcome Score (GTOS) as a Prognostic Tool in Intensive Care Unit Trauma Patients
Authors: Huang Ching-Ya , Wu Shao-Chun , Liu Hang-Tsung , Su Wei-Ti , Hsu Shiun-Yuan , Li Chi , Hsieh Ching-Hua
Published: September 2024

Background: Existing prognostic scoring systems for intensive care unit (ICU) trauma patients require extensive data collection. The Geriatric Trauma Outcome Score (GTOS), which is based on age, injury severity, and transfusion need, has been validated for predicting mortality in elderly patients with trauma; however, its utility in the general ICU trauma population remains unexplored. Methods: This retrospective study included 2952 adult ICU trauma patients admitted between 2016 and 2021. The GTOS was calculated as follows: age + (Injury Severity Score × 2.5) + 22 (if transfused within 24 h). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to assess GTOS’s ability to predict mortality. The optimal GTOS cutoff was determined using Youden’s index. Mortality rates were compared between the high and low GTOS groups, including a propensity score-matched analysis adjusted for baseline characteristics. Results: This study included 2952 ICU trauma patients, with an overall mortality rate of 11.0% (n = 325). GTOS demonstrated good predictive accuracy for mortality (AUROC 0.80). The optimal cutoff was 121.8 (sensitivity, 0.791; specificity, 0.685). Despite adjustments, patients with GTOS ≥ 121.8 had significantly higher mortality (17.4% vs. 6.2%, p < 0.001) and longer hospital stays (20.3 vs. 15.3 days, p < 0.001) compared to GTOS < 121.8. Conclusions: GTOS showed a reasonable ability to predict mortality in ICU trauma patients across all ages, although not as accurately as more complex ICU-specific models. With its simplicity, the GTOS may serve as a rapid screening tool for risk stratification in acute ICU trauma settings when combined with other data.
Head and Neck Cancer in Pan-American Notable People: An International Survey
Authors: Martínez-Ramírez Josefina , Saldivia-Siracusa Cristina , Pérez-de-Oliveira Maria Eduarda , Normando Ana Gabriela Costa , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Curado Maria Paula , Arboleda Lady Paola Aristizabal , Prado-Ribeiro Ana Carolina , González-Pérez Leonor-Victoria , Fernandes Gisele Aparecida , Cuadra-Zelaya Florence Juana Maria , Vargas Pablo Agustin , Lopes Marcio Ajudarte , Magalhaes Marco A. O. , Sankar Vidya , Villa Alessandro , Santos-Silva Alan Roger
Published: September 2024

Background: The study of notable people as advocates for raising cancer awareness began in the latter decades of the 20th century. This research aimed to identify Pan-American notable people with head and neck cancer (HNC) and to explore senior health professionals’ perspectives on communicating stories of notable patients with HNC to promote prevention. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using an online questionnaire designed in REDCap and administered to 32 senior health professionals with long-standing academic and clinical backgrounds in HNC. In addition, a structured literature review was performed on PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, and gray literature. Results: 18 notable figures were successfully identified from the survey, and 24 from the literature review. These individuals came from the United States, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, El Salvador, Chile, Colombia, and Peru, and were recognized primarily for their performances as actors, artists, musicians, and athletes. The professionals’ outlooks were positive, with 31 (96.9%) agreeing that disseminating these stories can contribute to reducing risk behaviors. Furthermore, all participants (100%) agreed that such stories can promote early detection of HNC, primarily through social media, followed by the internet, and television. Conclusions: The study identified notable individuals and gathered positive perspectives from professionals. Our results suggest that notable people could serve as potential advocates for HNC prevention. Further research is warranted to explore the potential of this prevention strategy.
The Role of Environments and Sensing Strategies in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Crowdsensing
Authors: Zhou Yaqiong , Hu Cong , Zhao Yong , Zhu Zhengqiu , Ju Rusheng , Qiu Sihang
Published: September 2024

Crowdsensing has gained popularity across various domains such as urban transportation, environmental monitoring, and public safety. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) crowdsensing is a novel approach that collects extensive data from targeted environments using UAVs equipped with built-in sensors. Unlike conventional methods that rely on fixed sensor networks or the mobility of humans, UAV crowdsensing offers high flexibility and scalability. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence techniques, UAV crowdsensing is becoming increasingly intelligent and autonomous. Previous studies on UAV crowdsensing have predominantly focused on algorithmic sensing strategies without considering the impact of different sensing environments. Thus, there is a research gap regarding the influence of environmental factors and sensing strategies in this field. To this end, we designed a 4×3 empirical study, classifying sensing environments into four major categories: open, urban, natural, and indoor. We conducted experiments to understand how these environments influence three typical crowdsensing strategies: opportunistic, algorithmic, and collaborative. The statistical results reveal significant differences in both environments and sensing strategies. We found that an algorithmic strategy (machine-only) is suitable for open and natural environments, while a collaborative strategy (human and machine) is ideal for urban and indoor environments. This study has crucial implications for adopting appropriate sensing strategies for different environments of UAV crowdsensing tasks.
A Metrics Refinement of EU Fruit Production Economic Assessment
Authors: Figurek Aleksandra , Semenova Elena I. , Thrassou Alkis , Vrontis Demetris
Published: September 2024

The paper applies the farm accountancy data network (FADN) approach to conduct a comparison analysis of the revenue of EU fruit producers. The study constitutes a significant contribution to the requisite development of more accurate metrics and appropriate approaches, which are necessary for assessing the economic success of EU fruit production in the principal sector of EU agriculture. The metrics used to measure the economic success in fruit production include farm net value added (FNVA), farm net income (FNI), annual working unit (AWU) of FNVA, and farm family income (FFI/FWU). An agricultural farm’s overall productivity can be determined by dividing its entire output (production) by the inputs employed in its operations, such as specific expenses and intermediate consumption. The FADN approach, which tracks the increase in agricultural revenue and assesses the effects of European policies on the agricultural sector, improves monitoring and meeting of performance goals. Finding economic, technological, and other aspects that will improve agricultural farms’ businesses and, by extension, agriculture as a whole will require applying an appropriate methodological approach to portray the actual situation and results of these farms.
A Conceptual Framework Supporting Translanguaging Pedagogies in Secondary Dual-Language Programs
Authors: Caires Hurley Jaclyn , Dougherty Jessica , Ibarra Johnson Susana
Published: September 2024

This article summarizes the literature on the design of a conceptual framework for secondary translanguaging classrooms. As school districts move to expand dual language programs beyond elementary schools, they are obligated to ensure that these programs are grounded in sound educational theory. Rooted in culturally sustaining perspectives, we propose a conceptual framework for dynamic dual language programming that is inclusive of translanguaging pedagogies. This conceptual framework includes key scholarship on language planning from sociocultural perspectives and offers examples of instructional approaches aligned to these perspectives. The purpose of this manuscript is to inform practice and suggest areas of potential research for secondary dual language education.
Building Knowledge across Language Systems: The Role of Audio and Visual Supports in Bilingual Learning through Self-Derivation
Authors: Esposito Alena G. , Lee Katherine A. , Gunarathne Brandan K.
Published: September 2024

Children who enter the US education system as emerging bilinguals (or English Learners) show significant gaps in test scores and graduation rates compared to their English monolingual peers. Dual-language education programs may provide an instructional context that capitalizes on emerging bilingual children’s strengths and supports their academic performance while they acquire English. However, prior research has shown that integrating semantic knowledge across language systems poses a challenge. Supports may mitigate these challenges. Thus, across two studies, we examined instructional practices that may facilitate the integration of academic content across English and Spanish in elementary-age children enrolled in dual-language education programs. In Study 1, we examined whether facts presented through reading-while-listening or children’s silent self-paced reading more effectively supported learning the facts and subsequent integration for dual-language students in grades 3 and 4 (n = 56; Mage = 9.54 years). In Study 2, we examined whether combining graphics with text was more effective in supporting fact learning and cross-language integration compared to facts presented as text alone in dual-language students in grades 4 and 5 (n = 67; Mage = 10.48 years). Overall, the studies replicate the benefits of reading-while-listening and graphics for learning directly taught facts, but underscore the difficulty in integrating semantic knowledge across lessons and languages.
Analysis of Influencing Factors on Multilevel Storage Performance in Phase-Change Random Access Memory
Authors: Wang Zhiyu , Cai Daolin
Published: September 2024

In response to the growing demand for advanced memory technologies, this study investigates a 4 Mb phase-change memory (PCRAM) chip employing a carbon-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 (C-GST) dielectric material to achieve multistage storage. The Partial-RESET programming and verification (P&V) method was utilized to effectively create intermediate-resistance states, facilitating multilevel storage. The study focuses on optimizing the key parameters affecting the P&V method to enhance the precision and efficiency of reaching intermediate resistance values. Through comprehensive experimentation on the PCRAM array, this work evaluates the performance of multilevel storage, providing insights into the potential for scalable, high-density memory applications.
Air Traffic Flow Prediction in Aviation Networks Using a Multi-Dimensional Spatiotemporal Framework
Authors: Wu Cong , Ding Hui , Fu Zhongwang , Sun Ning
Published: September 2024

A novel, multi-dimensional, spatiotemporal prediction framework is proposed to enhance air traffic flow prediction in increasingly complex aviation networks. This framework incorporates graph convolutional networks (GCNs) with multi-dimensional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks and multi-scale, temporal convolution, employing an attention mechanism to effectively capture spatiotemporal dependencies. By addressing irregular topologies and dynamic temporal trends, the framework models local air traffic patterns with improved accuracy. The experimental results demonstrate significant predictive accuracy improvements over traditional methods, particularly in accounting for the complex nature of air traffic flows. The model’s scalability and adaptability extend its application to various aviation networks, encompassing all airspace units within three local networks, rather than focusing solely on airport traffic. These findings contribute to the development of more intelligent, accurate, and adaptive air traffic management systems, ultimately enhancing both operational efficiency and safety.
Literature Review of Explainable Tabular Data Analysis
Authors: O’Brien Quinn Helen , Sedky Mohamed , Francis Janet , Streeton Michael
Published: September 2024

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is crucial for enhancing transparency and trust in machine learning models, especially for tabular data used in finance, healthcare, and marketing. This paper surveys XAI techniques for tabular data, building on] previous work done, specifically a survey of explainable artificial intelligence for tabular data, and analyzes recent advancements. It categorizes and describes XAI methods relevant to tabular data, identifies domain-specific challenges and gaps, and examines potential applications and trends. Future research directions emphasize clarifying terminology, ensuring data security, creating user-centered explanations, improving interaction, developing robust evaluation metrics, and advancing adversarial example analysis. This contribution aims to bolster effective, trustworthy, and transparent decision making in the field of XAI.
Cable Insulation Defect Prediction Based on Harmonic Anomaly Feature Analysis
Authors: Wang Yuli , Xu Haisong , Wang Anzhe , Huang Kaiwen , Wang Ge , Lu Xu , Zhang Daning
Published: September 2024

With the increasing demand for power supply reliability, online monitoring techniques for cable health condition assessments are gaining more attention. Most prevailing techniques lack the sensitivity needed to detect minor insulation defects. A new monitoring technique based on the harmonic anomaly feature analysis of the shield-to-ground current is introduced in this paper. The sensor installation and data acquisition are convenient and intrinsically safe, which makes it a preferred online monitoring technique. This study focuses on the single-core 10 kV distribution cable type. The research work includes the theoretical analysis of the cable defect’s impact on the current harmonic features, which are then demonstrated by simulation and lab experiments. It has been found that cable insulation defects cause magnetic field distortion, which introduces various harmonic current components, principally, the third-, fifth-, and seventh-order harmonic. The harmonic anomaly features are load current-, defect type-, and aging time-dependent. The K-means algorithm was selected as the data analysis algorithm and was used to achieve insulation defect prediction. The research outcome establishes a solid basis for the field application of the shield-to-ground harmonic current monitoring technique.
MSNet: A Multistage Network for Lightweight Image Dehazing with Content-Guided Attention and Adaptive Encoding
Authors: Dai Lingrui , Liu Hongrui , Li Shuoshi
Published: September 2024

Image dehazing is a critical technique aimed at improving the visual clarity of images. The diverse nature of hazy environments poses significant challenges in developing an efficient and lightweight dehazing model. In this paper, we design a multistage network (MSNet) with content-guided attention and adaptive encoding. The multistage dehazing framework decomposes the complex task of image dehazing into three distinct stages, thereby substantially reducing model complexity. Additionally, we introduce a content-guided attention mechanism that assigns varying weights to different image content elements based on their specific characteristics, thereby improving the efficiency of nonhomogeneous dehazing. Furthermore, we present an adaptive encoder that employs a dual-branch feature extraction structure combined with a gating mechanism, enabling dynamic adjustment of the interactions between the two branches according to the input image. Extensive experimental evaluations on three popular dehazing datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed MSNet.
TACSan: Enhancing Vulnerability Detection with Graph Neural Network
Authors: Zeng Qingyao , Xiong Dapeng , Wu Zhongwang , Qian Kechang , Wang Yu , Su Yinghao
Published: September 2024

With the increasing scale and complexity of software, the advantages of using neural networks for static vulnerability detection are becoming increasingly prominent. Before inputting into a neural network, the source code needs to undergo word embedding, transforming discrete high-dimensional text data into low-dimensional continuous vectors suitable for training in neural networks. However, analysis has revealed that different implementation ideas by code writers for the same functionality can lead to varied code implementation methods. Embedding different code texts into vectors results in distinctions that can reduce the robustness of a model. To address this issue, this paper explores the impact of converting source code into different forms on word embedding and finds that a TAC (Three-Address Code) can significantly eliminate noise caused by different code implementation approaches. Given the excellent capability of a GNN (Graph Neural Network) in handling non-Euclidean space data and complex features, this paper subsequently employs a GNN to learn and classify vulnerabilities by capturing the implicit syntactic structure information in a TAC. Based on this, this paper introduces TACSan, a novel static vulnerability detection system based on a GNN designed to detect vulnerabilities in C/C++ programs. TACSan transforms the preprocessed source code into a TAC representation, adds control and data edges to create a graph structure, and then inputs it into the GNN for training. Comparative testing and evaluation of TACSan against other renowned static analysis tools, such as VulDeePecker and Devign, demonstrate that TACSan’s detection capabilities not only exceed those methods but also achieve substantial enhancements in accuracy and F1 score.
Chronosequence and Temporal Changes in Soil Conditions, Vegetation Structure and Leaf Traits in a Tropical Dry Forest in Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Kleiperry F. , Silva Jhonathan O. , Cuevas-Reyes Pablo , Falcão Luiz Alberto Dolabela , Espírito-Santo Mário M.
Published: September 2024

The structure and diversity of tropical vegetation are shaped by biotic and abiotic factors, which function as environmental filters affecting plant performance on different spatial and temporal scales. We compared soil (Ferrasols and Cambisols) conditions, vegetation structure and leaf traits (e.g., specific leaf area, polyphenols, and chlorophyll contents a/b and in total) in the early, intermediate and late successional stages of a tropical dry forest (TDF) in southeastern Brazil. For this purpose, we measured leaf traits of the most abundant species in the same 18 plots (50 × 20 m/six per successional stage) in 2009 and 2018. Our prediction is that tree species growing in early forests have a greater investment in conservative traits related to chemical defenses and tolerance to desiccation compared to late-stage tree species. We observed contrasting results when comparing the chronosequence differences in leaf traits both in 2009 and 2018 and the temporal changes along this period. Specific leaf area was lower than expected for all successional stages, while polyphenol content increased over time, contrary to other studies in TDFs. These results suggest that contrasting environmental factors such as soil conditions and light availability are responsible of the observed pattern. Total chlorophyll content did not change significantly, while the a/b chlorophyll ratio doubled in all successional stages, contrary to our prediction. Therefore, we suggest that the conservative–acquisitive spectrum in successional gradients of TDFs should be further investigated with time-series data for a better understanding of plant community assemblages.
Insights from Roots to Stems: Comparative Wood Anatomy and Dendroclimatic Investigation of Two Salix Species in Iceland
Authors: Phulara Mohit , Balzano Angela , Opała-Owczarek Magdalena , Owczarek Piotr , Merela Maks
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the anatomical characteristics and growth patterns of Salix arctica and Salix herbacea, two prevalent dwarf shrub species in Iceland, to understand their responses to environmental changes. We employed optical and scanning electron microscopy methods and quantitative wood anatomy to analyze the stem and root structures of studied species. Additionally, we developed chronologies and assessed the climatic response of both the stem and root parts for both species. Our results reveal significant differences between the two species, with S. arctica exhibiting larger vessels and fibers compared to S. herbacea, both in stem and root. The growth trends differ between the species: S. arctica shows an overall increase, while S. herbacea exhibits a consistent decline. Both species’ individual parts generally follow these trends, though a recent decline has been observed in the last few years. Climatic responses also differ, highlighting specific climatic parameters influencing each species. S. arctica responds positively to warmer temperatures, while S. herbacea reacts positively to increased precipitation but struggles with rising temperatures, highlighting its role as a drought indicator species. Soil erosion driven by volcanic materials and extreme climates significantly impacts shrub growth, causing rapid changes in growth ring widths and vessel sizes. Understanding these impacts is vital for improving sampling methods in polar environments. This study highlights the importance of integrated wood anatomical studies in comprehending the ecological consequences of climate change on Arctic shrubs, providing new insights into the complexity of shrub expansion both below and above ground.
Feeding Strategies and Biological Traits of the Lessepsian Migrant Pterois miles (Bennett, 1828) in the Messenian Gulf, SW Greece
Authors: Koilakos Stefanos Michael , Georgatis Ioannis , Leonardos Ioannis
Published: September 2024

The common lionfish, Pterois miles (Bennett, 1828), is one of the most recent Lessepsian migrants into Mediterranean Sea. In this study, a first attempt is made to explore some life history parameters of the species in the Messenian Gulf (SW Greece). Its growth, morphometry, and feeding behavior were studied in samples collected with a speargun during the summer and autumn of 2021 at depths from 0 m to 20 m. Lionfish were found to have established a thriving population, growing faster and reaching larger sizes than in their native range. Analysis of their diet showed that this species is a generalized feeder with a preference towards piscivory, targeting key species for local food webs, such as the damselfish (C. chromis), possibly provoking competition with other native predators. Overall, the dietary habits of the species, rapid growth rate, and lack of predation pressure make the lionfish an additional risk for the integrity of the Messenian marine ecosystem, an ecosystem which is already disturbed by intense human intervention.
Solid-State Fermentation of Cereal Waste Improves the Bioavailability and Yield of Bacterial Cellulose Production by a Novacetimonas sp. Isolate
Authors: Henry Shriya , Dhital Sushil , Sumer Huseyin , Butardo Vito
Published: September 2024

Cereal wastes such as rice bran and cereal dust are valuable yet underutilised by-products of grain processing. This study aimed to bio-convert these wastes into bacterial cellulose (BC), an emerging sustainable and renewable biomaterial, via an inexpensive solid-state fermentation (SSF) pre-treatment using three mould isolates. Medium substitution by directly using untreated rice bran or cereal dust did not significantly increase the yield of bacterial cellulose produced by Novacetimonas sp. (NCBI accession number PP421219) compared to the standard Hestrin–Schramm (HS) medium. In contrast, rice bran fermented with Rhizopus oligosporus yielded the highest bacterial cellulose (1.55 ± 0.6 g/L dry weight) compared to the untreated control (0.45 ± 0.1 g/L dry weight), demonstrating an up to 22% increase in yield. Using the SSF process, the media production costs were reduced by up to 90% compared to the standard HS medium. Physicochemical characterisation using SEM, EDS, FTIR, XPS, XRD, and TGA was performed to gain insights into the internal structure, morphology, and chemical bonding of differently produced BC, which revealed comparable biopolymer properties between BC produced in standard and waste-based media. Hence, our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of fungal SSF for transforming abundant cereal waste into BC, providing a circular economy solution to reduce waste and convert it into by-products to enhance the sustainability of the cereal industry.