bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social innovation in Nigerian public libraries: A roadmap for navigating the challenges and opportunities of inclusivity and diversity in the 5IR era
Authors: Ajani Yusuf Ayodeji , Tella Adeyinka , Oladokun Bolaji David
Published: October 2024

This paper explores social innovation within Nigerian public libraries, specifically focusing on promoting inclusivity and diversity during the Fifth Industrial Revolution (5IR). Through a comprehensive analysis of the current landscape, challenges, opportunities, and strategies, the study aims to offer insights and recommendations for enhancing social innovation within these libraries. The findings highlight that Nigerian public libraries, despite being essential community hubs, encounter significant obstacles such as limited resources, technological disparities, and resistance to change, hindering effective social innovation implementation. Nonetheless, the study identifies potential avenues for leveraging technology, improving community engagement, and fostering inclusivity and diversity to drive positive changes within libraries. Social innovation emerges as a transformative approach for addressing societal challenges and advancing the mission of Nigerian public libraries. Strategies such as developing culturally relevant programs, forming partnerships with diverse stakeholders, and establishing clear goals provide a roadmap for guiding social innovation efforts. Additionally, adopting sustainable models for long-term impact is essential for ensuring the success and continuity of social innovation initiatives. Seamlessly, the study underscores the vital role of social innovation in Nigerian public libraries for promoting inclusivity, diversity, and positive societal change during the 5IR era. By embracing innovation, fostering collaboration, and demonstrating a commitment to community service, Nigerian public libraries can serve as catalysts for social transformation, empowering individuals, and creating a more equitable and inclusive society for all.
Cerebral blood flow from arterial spin labeling as an imaging biomarker of outcome after endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke
Authors: Hernandez Petzsche Moritz R , Bürkle Johannes , Hoffmann Gabriel , Zimmer Claus , Rühling Sebastian , Schwarting Julian , Wunderlich Silke , Maegerlein Christian , Boeckh-Behrens Tobias , Kaczmarz Stefan , Berndt-Mück Maria , Sollmann Nico
Published: October 2024

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a contrast agent-free magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF). We sought to investigate effects of CBF within the infarct on outcome and risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT). In 111 patients (median age: 74 years, 50 men) who had undergone mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for ischemic stroke of the anterior circulation (median interval: 4 days between MT and MRI), post-stroke %CBF difference from pseudo-continuous ASL was calculated within the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-positive infarct territory following lesion segmentation in relationship to the unaffected contralateral side. Functional independence was defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0–2 at 90 days post-stroke. %CBF difference, pre-stroke mRS, and infarct volume were independently associated with functional independence in a multivariate regression model. %CBF difference was comparable between patients with and without HT. A subcohort of 10 patients with decreased infarct-CBF despite expanded Treatment in Cerebral Infarction (eTICI) 2c or 3 recanalization was identified (likely related to the no-reflow phenomenon). Outcome was significantly worse in this group compared to the remaining cohort. In conclusion, ASL-derived %CBF difference from the DWI-positive infarct territory independently predicted functional independence, but %CBF difference was not significantly associated with an increased risk of HT.
SAM-RL: Sensing-aware model-based reinforcement learning via differentiable physics-based simulation and rendering
Authors: Lv Jun , Feng Yunhai , Zhang Cheng , Zhao Shuang , Shao Lin , Lu Cewu
Published: October 2024

Model-based reinforcement learning is recognized with the potential to be significantly more sample efficient than model-free reinforcement learning. How an accurate model can be developed automatically and efficiently from raw sensory inputs (such as images), especially for complex environments and tasks, is a challenging problem that hinders the broad application of model-based reinforcement learning in the real world. In this work, we propose a sensing-aware model-based reinforcement learning system called SAM-RL. Leveraging the differentiable physics-based simulation and rendering, SAM-RL automatically updates the model by comparing rendered images with real raw images and produces the policy efficiently. With the sensing-aware learning pipeline, SAM-RL allows a robot to select an informative viewpoint to monitor the task process. We apply our framework to real world experiments for accomplishing three manipulation tasks: robotic assembly, tool manipulation, and deformable object manipulation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of SAM-RL via extensive experiments. Videos are available on our project webpage.
Expression and prognostic value of CDK1, CCNA2, and CCNB1 gene clusters in human breast cancer
Authors: Xing Zeyu , Wang Xin , Liu Jiaqi , Zhang Menglu , Feng Kexin , Wang Xiang
Published: October 2024

Objective

Cell cycle-associated proteins play important roles in breast cancer (BRCA), based on evidence from cell lines, preclinical murine models, and human tissue samples.

Methods

Herein, we used the Onomine, GEPIA, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, and cBioPortal databases to examine transcriptional and survival data pertaining to cyclin-associated gene clusters ( CDK1, CCNA2, and CCNB1) in BRCA patients.

Results

CDK1, CCNA2, and CCNB1 gene expression levels were higher in BRCA compared with control tissue samples and were correlated with more-advanced tumor stage. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses confirmed that elevated CDK1, CCNA2, and CCNB1 expression levels were associated with overall and post-progression survival and recurrence-free probability rates in patients with BRCA.

Conclusion

The results of this study implied that CDK1, CCNA2, and CCNB1 gene clusters may provide potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers in patients with BRCA.
Risk factors for esophagojejunal anastomotic leakage after curative total gastrectomy combined with D2 lymph node dissection for gastric cancer
Authors: Xing Jiadi , Liu Maoxing , Qi Xinyu , Yu Jianhong , Fan Yingcong , Xu Kai , Gao Pin , Tan Fei , Yao Zhendan , Zhang Nan , Yang Hong , Zhang Chenghai , Cui Ming , Su Xiangqian
Published: October 2024

Objective

To explore the risk factors associated with esophagojejunal anastomotic leakage (EJAL) after curative total gastrectomy combined with D2 lymph node dissection for gastric cancer.

Methods

We reviewed the data for 390 consecutive patients undergoing Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy reconstruction after total gastrectomy. Multivariate analysis was performed using a logistic regression model to identify the independent risk factors for EJAL.

Results

Of the 390 patients enrolled in this study, EJAL occurred in 10 patients (2.6%), and one patient (1/10) with EJAL died. Univariate analysis identified age, alcohol consumption, pulmonary insufficiency, and intraoperative blood loss as risk factors for EJAL. Of these four risk factors, age and alcohol consumption were retained as independent risk factors by multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

Surgeons should be very careful regarding anastomotic leakage after esophagojejunal anastomosis, perioperatively, especially in patients with advanced age and a history of alcohol consumption. Pulmonary insufficiency and intraoperative blood loss, although not identified as independent risk factors, should also be considered.
LONG-TERM SURVIVAL OF A PATIENT WITH A GIANT-CELL TUMOR OF THE SPHENOID BODY: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Pau Antonio , Viale Elke Sehrbundt , Pesce Carlo , Pisani Roberto
Published: October 2024

Giant-cell tumors (osteoclastomas) of the sphenoid body are rare, histologically benign lesions that can grow in different directions within the bony structures of the skull base. To date, the precise role of the different surgical strategies (radical versus partial resection; biopsy) and of supplementary postoperative radiotherapy remains undefined due to the short follow-up of the majority of the reported cases. We present a patient who is alive without symptoms or signs of recurrence 44 years after a macroscopically radical excision of the neoplasm followed by radiotherapy.
Politically active dyads revisited: An update through 2014
Authors: Quackenbush Stephen L
Published: October 2024

Empirical identification of opportunity is important since states cannot fight without the opportunity to do so. Various concepts have been developed over the years to measure opportunity—particularly politically relevant dyads, the politically relevant international environment, and regional dyads—but they have struggled to adequately do so. Quackenbush developed a new measure of opportunity, politically active dyad, using contiguity, power status, and alliances as defining characteristics, and demonstrated that it outperformed previous measures. In this research note I present version 2 of the politically active dyads data, with two options: one using Correlates of War data to identify alliances and covering 1816–2012, and the other covering 1816–2014 based on Alliance Treaty Obligations and Provisions data. I find that active dyads remain the only measure able to capture opportunity as a necessary condition for international conflict and illustrate the impact of these options for quantitative analyses.
Harnessing interactivity for online media outlets: Insights from Mexico’s digital landscape
Authors: Barredo Ibáñez Daniel , Díaz-Cerveró Elba , Pinto Garzón Karen
Published: October 2024

This study examines interactions between full-time members and web traffic across 137 Mexican online media platforms, as cataloged by Sembramedia in May 2023, focusing on the number of technological platforms and the type of interactivity involved. We used descriptive analyses and a structural equation model to test our hypotheses. Findings highlight the crucial role of human-to-content interactivity in shaping online media design and significantly influencing user content consumption patterns.
“Like They’re My Same People. They’ve Probably Been in My Shoes. . .”: Community-Based Organizations’ Role in Fostering Social and Organizational Ties for Latino/x Immigrant Youth
Authors: Rodriguez Sophia , Murillo Katya , Roth Benjamin
Published: October 2024

This is a critical qualitative case study of foreign and native-born Latino students from immigrant households who participated in an immigrant-serving community-based organization (CBO). The authors draw from Mario Small’s concepts of network ties and organizational embeddedness to examine how Latino youth talk about the impact of a CBO on their belonging and identity, the formation of social and organizational ties in shaping their educational futures, and how Latino youth perceive the organizational impact. Qualitative interviews from participating Latino immigrant youth are leveraged to illustrate social and organizational tie formation. The authors argue that CBOs that broker social and organizational ties for immigrant youth can potentially reduce inequality through creating structures and spaces that foster belonging and provide direct services. Implications are discussed.
Number of Chronic Conditions and Death Anxiety Among Older Adults in Rural China: A Longitudinal Study in Anhui Province
Authors: Guo Jin , Wister Andrew , Mitchell Barbara , Li Shuzhuo
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Death anxiety is feelings of worry and fear regarding death. This study explored the effect of number of chronic conditions on death anxiety in older adults and the moderating effect of age. Methods: This study used the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth waves of longitudinal data (2012–2021) collected in Anhui, China (5014 person-year observations). A mixed linear model was used to examine the effect of number of chronic conditions on death anxiety and the moderating effect of age. Results: The number of chronic conditions showed an inverted U-shaped relationship with death anxiety, with death anxiety being lower in older adults with older age. As age increased, the U-shaped curve became flatter, and the extremes shifted to the right. Discussion: Particular attention should be given to younger older adults with chronic conditions to help them recover earlier from the negative impact by providing information and counseling about their chronic conditions.
The Ethics of Local Belonging: A Theology of Naming Place
Authors: Malcolm Hannah
Published: October 2024

This article offers a theological description of one practice necessary for good local belonging: the creative practice of naming local creatures, both human and non-human. I explore the practice of naming as forming local belonging in dialogue with new nature writers in the British Isles and Jean-Louis Chrétien. I offer a brief review of the scope of theologies of place in the United Kingdom before turning to the themes of displacement and naming in new British nature writing. Finally, I use Jean-Louis Chrétien's theological accounts of naming and corporate prayer, to examine the effect of naming in transforming one's relation to one's locality, and propose that the Church's creative participation in local naming—especially in prayer—offers a transforming narrative as to the kinds of local belonging which ought to be pursued.
Discrete-time second-order integral sliding mode control for speed control of PMSM using the ultra-local model
Authors: Hou Mingdong , Du Haiping , Yang Renming , Li Guangye
Published: October 2024

The current study presents a novel discrete-time second-order integral sliding mode control (DSISMC) approach incorporating a finite-time stable observer for speed control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). Initially, an ultra-local model (ULM) is formulated for PMSM speed control, and a new finite-time stable observer is developed based on the ULM to estimate unknown dynamics. Subsequently, a DSISMC algorithm is introduced to enhance dynamic and steady-state efficiency, achieving desired speed control under disturbances. Theoretical analyses validate the realization of finite-time quasi-sliding mode. Finally, the proposed method is validated by comparing it with intelligent proportional integral and sliding mode controllers. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the DSISMC algorithm.
Comparison of Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises, Volume, and Flow-Oriented Incentive Spirometry on Respiratory Function in Stroke Subjects: A Non-randomized Study
Authors: Shetty Natasha , Samuel Stephen Rajan , Alaparthi Gopala Krishna , Amaravadi Sampath Kumar , Joshua Abraham M , Pai Shivanand
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:

Reduced respiratory muscle strength leads to reduced pulmonary function, chest wall movements in the affected side, and increased chest infections, which thereby reduces oxygenation and ventilation. Respiratory muscle training can be used in acute stroke subjects to increase their pulmonary function.

Purpose:

To compare the short-term effects of diaphragmatic breathing exercise, flow, and volume-oriented incentive spirometry on respiratory function following stroke.

Methods:

A non-randomized hospital-based study was conducted at Kasturba Medical College Hospitals, Mangalore, India. Forty-two sub-acute subjects of either gender, with the first episode of stroke within six months, were assigned to three groups by the consultant, i.e., diaphragmatic breathing group (DBE), Flow oriented-incentive spirometry group (FIS), and volume oriented-incentive spirometry group (VIS; N = 14) each. All subjects received intervention thrice daily, along with conventional stroke rehabilitation protocols throughout the study period. Pre- and post-intervention values were taken on alternate days until day 5 for all the three groups.

Results:

The pulmonary function and maximal respiratory pressures were found to be significantly increased by the end of intervention in all three groups, but FIS and DBE groups had better results than VIS (FVC = FIS group, 13.71%; VIS group, 14.89%; DBE group, 21.27%, FEV1 = FIS group, 25.97%; VIS group, 22.52%; DBE group, 19.38%, PEFR = FIS group, 38.76%; VIS group,9.75%; DBE group, 33.16%, MIP = FIS group, 28.23%; VIS group, 19.36%; DBE group, 52.14%, MEP = FIS group, 43.00%; VIS group, 22.80%; DBE group, 28.68%).

Conclusion:

Even though all interventions had positive outcomes in all variables, flow incentive spirometry had better results across all outcomes (pulmonary function and maximal respiratory pressures) when compared to the other two interventions making it a valuable tool for stroke rehabilitation.
How Government, Social and Personnel Support Leverage the Sustainability in Start-ups: The Moderating Role of Board Gender Diversity
Authors: Shivhare Shivani , Shunmugasundaram V.
Published: October 2024

This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of start-up’s sustainable development by integrating systems theory and gender schema theory. We examined the impact of support systems created by government (SFGS), social (SFSS) and human capital (SFHC) on the corporate sustainability of start-ups (SS). Additionally, this study explored the moderating role of board/founders’ gender (G) in these dynamics. To address this gap, data were collected from a sample of 350 start-ups. The researcher employed exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to assess and validate the proposed hypotheses. Findings represented the positive impact of support systems created by human capital on the sustainable development of rural Indian start-ups. Notably, the research also revealed that the founders’ gender moderated two of the three identified effects. It shows sustainability supports start-ups, including the role of gender in sustainability and entrepreneurship literature. Managerially, it highlights the significance of network building, gender equity and skill development. The government needs to put more effort into excluding gender-related barriers in developing countries. This study suggests the integration of system and gender schema theories for start-up corporate sustainability in developing nations. The moderating role of founders’ gender and the use of start-ups as sample units make this research more original and novel.
Gender, Education and Socio-economic Diversity in the Civil Service of Bangladesh: The Case of Administration Cadre
Authors: Shahan Asif Mohammad , Barua Shubhasish , Chowdhury Shirajun Noor , Rahman Md. Mofidur
Published: October 2024

This study explores the dynamics of the bureaucracy of Bangladesh, focusing on three main dimensions of diversity (demographic, informational and socio-economic) over 20 years from 2001 to 2020. In particular, the study investigates whether and how the distribution of administration cadre officials, in terms of gender, education and socio-economic status, has changed over this period and whether the pay scale of 2015 has affected the composition of officials working in the administration cadre service. In the case of gender (demographic) diversity, we found that the representation of female officials has gradually increased over time but showed a slight downward trend in the later periods. We have also found that since the introduction of the 8th pay scale, the bureaucracy has become more diversified regarding the officials’ educational (informational) background. In particular, the share of civil servants with an Engineering and Computer Science background has sharply increased during the 35th–37th BCS. In contrast, the share of officials with an Arts and Social Science background has dropped significantly. By analysing the education and occupational status of officials’ fathers, we observe that introducing the pay scale positively affects the diversity in bureaucracy by increasing the representation of officials from less well-off socio-economic backgrounds. Although the share of officials whose fathers were farmers showed an initial downward trend, it has marginally improved after introducing the pay scale. In a survey of admin cadre officials, we observed that the introduction of the pay scale had not affected the representation of officials from rural areas.
Exploring Journey Maps as Products From Qualitative Research: Application Through Food Insecure Veterans’ Experiences
Authors: Haltom Trenton M. , Kamdar Nipa
Published: October 2024

Journey maps are graphic representations of participant, user, customer, or patient experiences or “journeys” with a particular phenomenon, product, business, or organization. Journey maps help visualize complex pathways and phases in accessible, digestible ways. They also capture emotions, reactions, and values associated with the processes participants undergo, complemented by images or quotes from participants. Here, we outline the foundations of journey maps in research and in practice settings. Our goal is to describe journey maps to researchers new to the product and emphasize the novelty and utility of journey maps as visual products from qualitative research particularly in a health setting. To explore journey maps—including their benefits, drawbacks, and relevance—we discuss examples including our own process for designing a journey map of food insecure Veterans’ experiences using qualitative, in-depth interviews and supported by member checking. Our journey map depicts food insecurity as a repetitive process, a unique contribution given that many journey maps are designed with discrete starting and stopping points. We conclude by discussing the novelty of journey maps as innovative products that researchers can use to identify opportunities for process improvements and innovation using multiple data sources or methods.
Early Intervention Special Instructors: Demographics, Titles, Qualifications, and the Need for Consistency
Authors: Childress Dana C. , Parks Stephanie , Schumaker-Murphy Megan , Frick Teran , Wilson Corinne
Published: October 2024

Relatively little is known about the providers of early intervention (EI) special instruction in the United States EI system. To address this gap, this cross-sectional study used a national internet survey and public records search to gather information about the demographics of providers, the professional labels used by states to refer to special instruction, the titles assigned to its providers, and the educational and professional requirements for professionals in this role. Findings suggest that special instructors are primarily well-educated, White females working in local/regional EI agencies and other community agencies, often in blended roles. There are a variety of service labels and professional titles used across the country to refer to special instruction and its providers. Educational and professional requirements also vary across the field. Implications for this lack of consistency and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Tolerability Assessment of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients With Solid Tumor Malignancies and Hypoalbuminemia
Authors: Sadrameli Sarvnaz , Bringgold Sydney , Dow-Hillgartner Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

Background:

Hypoalbuminemia is common in patients with advanced solid tumor malignancies. However, despite the increased use of highly protein-bound tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in cancer treatments, the tolerability of these agents in patients with hypoalbuminemia is not fully known.

Objective:

Our aim is to assess whether patients on oral TKIs with hypoalbuminemia are at higher risk for experiencing medication-related adverse events, therefore requiring careful considerations.

Methods:

This is a single-center, retrospective study including patients ≥18 years of age with a solid tumor malignancy who had taken at least one dose of oral TKIs with a protein binding of ≥90% between June 1, 2016, and June 1, 2021. The primary outcome was to compare time to TKI discontinuation due to adverse events between patients with and without hypoalbuminemia. Key secondary outcomes include TKI discontinuation and dose reduction rates, time to TKI dose reduction, and severity of adverse events.

Results:

Out of 282 included patients, 134 (48%) patients had hypoalbuminemia and 148 (52%) had normal albumin levels. Compared with patients without hypoalbuminemia, patients with hypoalbuminemia had shorter median time on treatment at 2.8 months (95% CI = 2.3-4.5 months) versus 4.3 months (95% CI = 2.8-6.4 months; P = 0.003). In patients who had TKI discontinuation, dose reduction was associated with longer time on treatment in patients in the normal albumin group compared with patients in the hypoalbuminemia group or patients without dose reduction ( P < 0.0001). Patients in the hypoalbuminemia group experienced significantly more grade 3/4 adverse events compared with those in the normal albumin group (73% vs 27%, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion and Relevance:

Hypoalbuminemia is a risk factor for both shorter time on treatment and more severe adverse events in patients with solid tumor malignancies taking highly protein-bound oral TKIs. This study highlights the need for closer monitoring of this patient population by health care providers.
Political Knowledge in the Context of Changing Institutions
Authors: Vidotto Sofia , Weitz-Shapiro Rebecca , Winters Matthew S.
Published: October 2024

Citizen political knowledge is conventionally measured with survey questions developed for use in the industrialized wealthy democracies. In this paper, we argue that certain characteristics of political institutions and party systems that are relatively common in unconsolidated democracies and mixed regimes are likely to constrain the acquisition of political knowledge as traditionally measured. Using data from Latin America, Africa, and the countries included in the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, we examine the relationship between contextual factors and average levels of political knowledge across countries, measured both through civics knowledge and the ideological placement of political parties. We provide evidence consistent with the idea that citizens have fewer opportunities and are less motivated to acquire political knowledge in contexts where political institutions and actors frequently change and where young and nonprogrammatic parties are the norm.
Race, Contact Effects, and Effective Lawmaking in Congressional Committee Hearings
Authors: Lollis Jacob M.
Published: October 2024

Though there is strong evidence that nonwhite lawmakers introduce more racially salient legislation than white lawmakers, it is less clear whether race is a significant predictor of other legislative behavior. Given mixed findings in existing research, lawmakers’ actions in committee offer a new test of how race shapes legislative behavior. I develop new, original measures identifying race references in more than 1.4 million congressional committee hearing statements. I find that nonwhite lawmakers discuss race more frequently than white lawmakers in hearings, though white lawmakers are more likely to mention race in racially diverse hearings due to contact effects. Using a novel measure of race-issue bills, I demonstrate that lawmakers’ race statements in hearings are linked to policy representation. These findings explain how racial diversity in legislatures affects legislative speech and policy representation.
Prognostic Value of Pre-Chemoradiotherapy Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value (PIV) in Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Cancers
Authors: Topkan Erkan , Selek Ugur , Ozturk Duriye , Şenyürek Şükran , Kılıç Durankuş Nilüfer
Published: October 2024

Background

To examine the prognostic relevance of pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinomas (LA-NPC) patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) definitively.

Methods

We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to determine an optimal PIV cutoff that could effectively divide the patient cohort into two distinct groups based on distant metastasis-free (DMFS) and overall survival (OS) results. For this purpose, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed. Our primary and secondary endpoints were to investigate the potential correlations between pre-CCRT PIV measurements and post-CCRT OS and DMFS outcomes, respectively.

Results

This retrospective cohort study included 179 LA-NPC patients. The optimal PIV cutoff was 512 (area under the curve: 74.0%; sensitivity: 70.8%, specificity: 68.6%; J-index: 0.394) in ROC curve analysis, creating two patient groups: Group-1: PIV < 512 (N = 108); vs Group-2: PIV ≥ 512 (N = 71). In the comparative analysis, although there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the patient, disease, and treatment characteristics, the PIV ≥ 512 group had significantly poorer median OS [74.0 months vs not reached yet (NR); HR: 2.81; P < 0.001] and DMFS (27.0 months vs NR; HR: 3.23; P < 0.001) than the PIV < 512 group. Apart from PIV ≥ 512, the N2-3 nodal stage and ≥ 5% weight loss within the preceding 6 months were significant predictors of unfavorable outcomes for DMFS ( P < 0.05 for each) and OS ( P < 0.05 for each) in univariate analyses. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that each of the three variables had independent negative impacts on both DMFS and OS outcomes ( P < 0.05 for each).

Conclusions

The present findings indicate that PIV, which classifies these patients into two groups with significantly different DMFS and OS, might be a potent prognostic biological marker for LA-NPC patients.
The Net Clinical Benefit of Rivaroxaban Compared to Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin in the Treatment of Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mohamed Mouhand F. H. , ElShafei Mohamad Nabil , Ahmed Mohamed Badie , Abdalla Lina O. , Ahmed Israa , Elzouki Abdel-Naser , Danjuma Mohammed ibn-mas’ud
Published: October 2024

Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) carries significant morbidity and mortality. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) remains the standard of care, with recent systematic studies suggesting the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in the treatment of CAT. Uncertainty, however, remains regarding rivaroxaban efficacy and safety in real-world settings. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing rivaroxaban to LMWH. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. The primary outcome was the net clinical benefit (NCB), while rates of major bleeding (MB), venous thromboembolism (VTE), clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding (CRNMB), and all-cause mortality events were secondary outcomes. Seventeen studies were included in the final analysis. Rivaroxaban had a better NCB (relative risk [RR] = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.75-0.89, Q = 10.51, I 2 = 0%), less VTE events (RR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.65-0.82, Q = 6.76, I 2 = 0%), and lower all-cause mortality (RR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.57-0.91, Q = 32.8, I 2 = 79%) compared to LMWH. Additionally, comparable MB events (RR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.85-1.33, Q = 16.9, I 2 = 11%). However, CRNMB events were higher in the rivaroxaban group (RR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.46-2.80, Q = 9.9, I 2 = 19%). Additional analyses demonstrated consistency of results. Our review encompassing data from randomized and real-world data suggested rivaroxaban superiority compared to LMWH in terms of a better NCB, fewer VTE events, lower all-cause mortality, and comparable MB risk while carrying a higher risk of CRNMB. These findings support the use of rivaroxaban in the treatment of CAT. Additionally, it warrants a sizable randomized controlled study testing the superiority of rivaroxaban versus LMWH formulation and ascertaining bleeding outcomes according to cancer type and site.
Case Study of Severe Accidental Hypothermia with Rapid Cooling, Preserved Shivering, and Consciousness with a Summary of Similar Case Reports
Authors: Hawley Alana C. , Giesbrecht Gordon G. , Brown Douglas J.A. , White Matthew D.
Published: October 2024

We describe a case of severe accidental hypothermia of a kayaker with preserved consciousness and shivering despite a rectal temperature of 22.9°C following a 50-min immersion in 3°C water with an estimated core temperature cooling rate of 10.6°C/h. Based on survival at sea prediction curves and cooling rates from physiology studies, cold water (eg, 0–5°C) immersion is expected to drop core temperature by 2 to 4°C/h. Furthermore, accidental hypothermia classification systems predict that severely hypothermic patients are usually unconscious and not shivering. The patient in this report rewarmed rapidly at 3.6°C/h with only minimally invasive measures and was discharged fully neurologically intact. In 41 similar cases of survival in moderate to severe hypothermia with core temperatures <32°C due to cold water immersion, cold air exposure, or avalanche burial, mean cooling rates were 4.3±3.3°C/h (range 0.4–10.6°C/h). Including the current patient, shivering was reported in only four cases. We found several other cases of rewarming from moderate to severe hypothermia with only minimally invasive measures. The current and summarized cases lead us to conclude that patients may be at risk of severe hypothermia in <60 min of cold water immersion and that it is possible for severely hypothermic patients to have preserved consciousness, close to normal vital signs, and shivering. Minimally invasive or noninvasive rewarming of patients with severe hypothermia is also possible, especially in those who continue to shiver. Hypothermia management should not necessarily be guided by classification systems or core temperature alone but rather by a careful consideration of the entire clinical picture.
Sensory Processing in Children With Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Clinicians’, Parents’, Teachers’ and Children’s Perspectives
Authors: Rajuan Gili , Liberman Lihi , Bart Orit
Published: October 2024

Sensory processing disorder (SPD) can be defined as a neurophysiological difficulty in modulating or interpreting sensory stimuli; it is often seen in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We examined sensory processing among Israeli children with and without ASD, using an observational tool based on the clinicians’, child’s, parents’, and teachers’ self-reports. The Sensory Processing Measure (SPM) and the Sensory Adventure Measure (SAM) were administered to 57 children ages 6 to 10 years with and without ASD. Significant differences in sensory processing were found between groups, reported by clinicians (SAM), parents, and teachers (SPM). Evaluating SPD by a skilled clinician by observing the child adds further information beyond that collected from parents and teachers.
A Black-Archipelago Anticolonial Canon Speaks Psychology
Authors: Bell Deanne
Published: October 2024

In Euromodernity, the discipline of western psychology holds a unique place in the global knowledge order. It is the primary epistemic source, the authoritative voice of psychological knowledge. This essay explores epistemic problems with western psychological science and its canonical status. Epistemic selectivism—the failure to address phenomena which are detrimental to all human beings, not only those of concern to western subjects and their subjectivities—is identified as a problem to be solved in the discipline of western psychology. In order to address epistemic failures of western psychology I return to the knowledge that emerges from the geography where Europe launched its project of racial and racist modern life. I review the Black-Archipelago anticolonial canon that speaks psychology. I follow this anticolonial canon because it pierces and penetrates epistemic silences about psychological experience in Euromodernity. Of the plenitude of theories and concepts developed by Black, Caribbean anticolonial thinkers which are of relevance to understanding the psychological effects of Euromodernity I focus in this review on two fundamental ideas—Frantz Fanon’s sociogenic principle and the emancipatory thrust of consciousness. An embrace of the principle of open epistemologies is proposed as a solution to the problem of epistemic selectivism.
The Role of Heritage Interpretation and Mindfulness in Dark Tourism Experiences
Authors: Eck Thomas , An Soyoung , Jiang Li
Published: October 2024

Evaluating tourists’ interpretive experiences can guide site design and potentially enhance learning outcomes. While dark tourism sites provide unique experiences, research on site interpretation and visitor experience outcomes within this context remains largely unexplored. This study applied a mindfulness framework within dark tourism to gain a deeper understanding of tourists’ experiences at such sites. Specifically, empirical evaluation of types of interpretation, content interest, fatigue, mindfulness, learning, and satisfaction were examined to test the framework. Data collected in Fall 2023 at a South Korean dark tourism site were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. Results provided confirmation for the tested framework in dark tourism. Types of interpretation used influenced mindfulness differently and high content interest and low cognitive fatigue led tourists to be mindful. Tourists’ mindfulness influenced their learning and satisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications are suggested from the study.
Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Sheep and Goats With Owners’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in Garowe District, Nugal region, Somalia
Authors: Bile Mustafe Mohamed , Wubaye Ambachew Motbaynor , Ambaw Yihenew Getahun , Shimelis Shihun , Kallu Simegnew Adugna
Published: October 2024

Brucellosis is an important neglected bacterial zoonotic disease in sub-Saharan Africa, including Somalia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Garowe district, Nugal region, Somalia, from May 2022 to January 2023 to estimate the seroprevalence of small ruminant brucellosis and assess owners’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward brucellosis. A total of 384 sheep and goats were selected using a simple random sampling technique and screened for Brucella antibodies by the Modified Rose Bengal Plate Test, and positive samples were then further confirmed using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For the questionnaire survey, 384 households were selected randomly, and a structured questionnaire was used to assess owners’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward brucellosis. The overall brucellosis seroprevalence was 4.7% in small ruminants (95% CI: 2.8-7.3), and the true seroprevalence was calculated as 5.2%. According to the multivariable logistic regression analysis, sex was found to be a potential risk factor for small ruminant brucellosis ( P < .05). More specifically, female sheep and goats were 9.13 times (aOR 9.13, 95% CI: 1.18-70.33) more likely to become seropositive than males. The owners’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward brucellosis were found to be low, and education level was associated with owners’ knowledge (χ2 = 16.78; P < .001), attitudes (χ2 = 19.4; P < .001) and practices (χ2 = 34.0; P < .001). There is also a significant association between owner knowledge, attitudes, and practices and seropositivity of brucellosis in sheep and goats. Moderate seroprevalence, together with insufficient knowledge, attitudes, and practices of owners, makes brucellosis a threat to animals and the entire community. Hence, raising community awareness of the disease is essential to reduce the impact on small ruminant productivity and the risks to public health.
Acceptability and feasibility of a group-based intervention to improve outcomes for children at risk for developmental delays in Kenya: A piloted randomized trial
Authors: McHenry Megan S , Alex Brianna , Roose Anna , Raciti Catherine , Oyungu Eren , Ombitsa Ananda R , Cherop Cleophas , Kaniaru Beatrice , Cherop Carolyne , John Chandy C , Vreeman Rachel C
Published: October 2024

The Care for Child Development (CCD) program may improve child development outcomes in resource-limited settings, but has not yet been adapted to group-based settings to facilitate sustainable dissemination. In this study, we determined the acceptability and feasibility of a group-based CCD program, with evaluation of program outcomes for child development, home environment, and symptoms of maternal depression as secondary outcomes. We evaluated this adapted program using a 2 × 2 crossover-designed pilot study administered over 10 bi-weekly sessions. Acceptability and feasibility were assessed through focus group discussions using qualitative methods. Child development, home observations, and symptoms of maternal depression were evaluated at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months and assessed quantitatively. Twenty-six mother-child dyads participated. Overall, they perceived CCD as acceptable and feasible, and especially beneficial within its group-based format. Although there were no measured improvements in child development, improvements in stimulating home environments (mean difference 2.5, 95% C.I. [0.37, 4.72]) were found. Further scale-up of this intervention is needed to determine effectiveness.
Impact of wearing indoor masks on occupant’s thermal comfort under different room temperature conditions in winter
Authors: Seo Rosa , Rhee Kyu-Nam , Jung Gun-Joo
Published: October 2024

In the period of coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), wearing a mask was a mandatory measure to prevent the spread of the virus. After the pandemic, a large percentage of people answered that they would wear a mask to protect themselves and others. However, the mask would directly affect not only the thermal sensitivity of the face but also occupant’s thermal sensation. In this context, this study aimed at clarifying the effect of mask on occupant’s thermal comfort. The predicted mean vote (PMV), predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) and thermal sensation vote (TSV) were evaluated in a chamber where the set temperature was maintained at 20°C, 22°C and 24°C with and without a mask. When wearing a mask, the TSV mostly exceeded the comfort range and showed a more sensitive variation than the PMV. In addition, the mask dead-space temperature showed a significant difference when the room temperature was increased from 22°C to 24°C. The room temperature that affects the individual thermal comfort with masks was 24°C or higher. Room and mask dead-space temperatures showed a 55% correlation with TSV. This study would provide basic data for determining the optimal room temperature for occupants with masks by identifying the room temperature that could significantly affect thermal comfort of occupants with masks.
Oblique collision of low-frequency dust-acoustic solitons and rogue waves in a multi-dimensional anisotropic self-gravitating electron-depleted complex plasmas
Authors: Almuqrin Aljawhara H , Douanla D V , Tiofack C G L , Alim  , Mohamadou A , Ismaeel Sherif ME , El-Tantawy S A
Published: October 2024

This investigation aims to study the effect of dust pressure anisotropy, self-gravitational forces, and magnetic forces on the gravitational instabilities and associated low-frequency rogue wave (RW) profile as well as oblique interaction characteristics of low-frequency dust-acoustic (DA) solitary waves (DASWs) in an electron-depleted dusty plasma. The current plasma model comprises inertial warm, positively and negatively charged massive dust grains and non-extensive ions. Following the quasi-linear theory, the extended Poincaré–Lighthill–Kuo (PLK) perturbation technique, and Jean’s criterion, the two-sided Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equations and corresponding analytical phase shifts due to collision are derived and analyzed. The critical configuration of the current plasma model that renders the KdV compressive or rarefactive DASWs invalid and leads to the formation of the modified KdV (mKdV)-type solitons is determined. The findings from computational simulations unequivocally demonstrate that parallel and perpendicular dust pressures do not exhibit the same behavior rigorously. Furthermore, the presence of the magnetic field and dust pressure anisotropy has been found to inhibit gravitational instabilities and significantly modify DA RW triplets, which can evolve into super rogue waves through the superposition of triplets. The collision scenarios involving solitons of both similar and opposite polarities traveling toward each other, as well as the influential roles played by the crossing angle, magnetic field, gravitational field, ion entropic index, and dust pressure along and across magnetic field lines on phase shifts and DA RWs, are extensively discussed in detail. The possible applications of the present work for various space plasma scenarios, including dense molecular clouds and interstellar medium, are anticipated. This study will contribute to understanding the dynamics of the generation and propagation of both RWs and the collision of solitons. Once the mechanics of their generation and propagation are understood, these waves can be devoted to many industrial and medical applications.
Adjunctive venous sinus stenting in transvenous embolization of vein of Galen malformations
Authors: Devarajan Alex , Goldman Daryl , Bonet Jessica , Philbrick Brandon D , Deuschl Cornelius , Yamac Elif , Ayad Ahmed , Tabani Halima , Sorscher Michelle , Berenstein Alejandro , Fifi Johanna T , Chapot René , Shigematsu Tomoyoshi
Published: October 2024

Background

Vein of Galen malformations are congenital arteriovenous malformations primarily treated by endovascular embolization via transarterial or transvenous approaches. transvenous embolization can be utilized to close the malformation but may be difficult in patients with venous stenosis or blockages, which drive venous hypertension and lead to significant neurologic consequences. Here, we illustrate the atypical placement of an intracranial venous sinus stent to improve outflow after transvenous embolization in pediatric patients with the vein of Galen malformation.

Methods

A retrospective review of clinical databases at two high-volume endovascular centers from January 2018 to March 2023 identified all vein of Galen malformation patients who received a venous sinus stent during transvenous embolization. Clinical data, imaging, angioarchitecture, operative details, postoperative management, and follow-up were reviewed.

Results

Three patients presented for transvenous embolization after multiple staged transarterial embolizations of their vein of Galen malformation. Transvenous access was complicated by lateral sinus stenosis, which was temporarily relieved by balloon angioplasty. After transvenous embolization by pressure cooker technique, the dural sinuses were stented using the existing venous guide catheter. Venous angiography demonstrated improved flow across the stenosed areas and post-embolization angiography demonstrated normalized venous drainage with widely patent stents. One patient experienced postoperative oculomotor nerve palsy unrelated to the stent placement. All patients demonstrated a complete cure of their vein of Galen malformations with patent venous sinus stents on follow-up.

Conclusion

In patients with the vein of Galen malformation and venous hypertension receiving transvenous embolization, venous sinus stenting may be a safe and effective option to reduce aberrant cortical venous drainage and improve normal outflow. Further studies are warranted to investigate its benefit in high-flow vascular malformations.