bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circular RNA CDR1as Mediated by Human Antigen R (HuR) Promotes Gastric Cancer Growth via miR-299-3p/TGIF1 Axis
Authors: Li Rong , Xu Xuejing , Gao Shuo , Wang Junyi , Hou Jie , Xie Zhenfan , Luo Lan , Shen Han , Xu Wenrong , Jiang Jiajia
Published: November 2023

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) remains a common malignancy worldwide with a limited understanding of the disease mechanisms. A novel circular RNA CDR1as has been recently reported to be a crucial regulator of human cancer. However, its biological role and mechanism in the GC growth are still far from clear. Methods: Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), lentivirus or plasmid vectors were applied for gene manipulation. The CDR1as effects on the GC growth were evaluated in CCK8 and colony formation assays, a flow cytometry analysis and mouse xenograft tumor models. A bioinformatics analysis combined with RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull-down assays, dual-luciferase reporter gene assays, Western blot, reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and functional rescue experiments were used to identify the CDR1as target miRNA, the downstream target gene and its interaction with human antigen R (HuR). Results: The CDR1as overexpression promoted the GC growth in vitro and in vivo and reduced the apoptotic rate of GC cells. Its knockdown inhibited the GC cell proliferation and viability and increased the cell apoptotic rate. Proliferation-related proteins PCNA and Cyclin D1 and apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 were regulated. Mechanically, the cytoplasmic CDR1as acted as a miR-299-3p sponge to relieve its suppressive effects on the GC cell growth. Oncogenic TGIF1 was a miR-299-3p downstream target gene that mediated the promotive effects of CDR1as and regulated the PCNA and Bax levels. HuR interacted with CDR1as via the RRM2 domain and positively regulated the CDR1as level and its oncogenic role as well as downstream target TGIF1. Conclusions: CDR1as promotes the GC growth through the HuR/CDR1as/miR-299-3p/TGIF1 axis and could be used as a new therapeutic target for GC.
The Role of Autophagy in Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease Management
Authors: Tseng Che-Hao , Shah Kavya M. , Chiu I-Jen , Hsiao Li-Li
Published: November 2023

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), or diabetic nephropathy (DN), is one of the most prevalent complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and causes severe burden on the general welfare of T2DM patients around the world. While several new agents have shown promise in treating this condition and potentially halting the progression of the disease, more work is needed to understand the complex regulatory network involved in the disorder. Recent studies have provided new insights into the connection between autophagy, a physiological metabolic process known to maintain cellular homeostasis, and the pathophysiological pathways of DKD. Typically, autophagic activity plays a role in DKD progression mainly by promoting an inflammatory response to tissue damage, while both overactivated and downregulated autophagy worsen disease outcomes in different stages of DKD. This correlation demonstrates the potential of autophagy as a novel therapeutic target for the disease, and also highlights new possibilities for utilizing already available DN-related medications. In this review, we summarize findings on the relationship between autophagy and DKD, and the impact of these results on clinical management strategies.
Calreticulin Regulates SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Turnover and Modulates SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity
Authors: Rahimi Nader , White Mitchell R. , Amraei Razie , Lotfollahzadeh Saran , Xia Chaoshuang , Michalak Marek , Costello Catherine E. , Mühlberger Elke
Published: November 2023

Cardiovascular complications are major clinical hallmarks of acute and post-acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the mechanistic details of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity of endothelial cells remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein shares a similarity with the proline-rich binding ena/VASP homology (EVH1) domain and identified the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident calreticulin (CALR) as an S-RBD interacting protein. Our biochemical analysis showed that CALR, via its proline-rich (P) domain, interacts with S-RBD and modulates proteostasis of the S protein. Treatment of cells with the proteasomal inhibitor bortezomib increased the expression of the S protein independent of CALR, whereas the lysosomal/autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin 1A, which interferes with the acidification of lysosome, selectively augmented the S protein levels in a CALR-dependent manner. More importantly, the shRNA-mediated knockdown of CALR increased SARS-CoV-2 infection and impaired calcium homeostasis of human endothelial cells. This study provides new insight into the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, calcium hemostasis, and the role of CALR in the ER-lysosome-dependent proteolysis of the spike protein, which could be associated with cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 patients.
Prescription Practices of Cannabinoids in Children with Cerebral Palsy Worldwide—A Survey of the Swiss Cerebral Palsy Registry
Authors: Hunziker Sandra , Morosoli Federico , Zuercher Kathrin , Tscherter Anne , Grunt Sebastian
Published: November 2023

Cannabinoids are prescribed to children with cerebral palsy despite limited evidence. We aimed to assess cannabinoid prescribing practices in children with cerebral palsy, focusing on indications, types of preparations used, and tolerability. Furthermore, we investigated how physicians acquire knowledge about cannabinoid medication. We asked physicians with expertise in the care of children with cerebral palsy about their prescribing practices for cannabinoids. Data were collected through an online survey, which was distributed by email. In addition to the demographic information of participants, we also inquired about the indications for the prescription of cannabinoids, experiences regarding efficacy, and observed side effects of the therapy. Seventy physicians from Europe, North America, and Australia completed the survey. Forty-seven participants were experienced in treating of children with cerebral palsy with cannabinoids. The most common indication was epilepsy (69%), followed by spasticity (64%) and pain (63%). The preparations and doses prescribed varied considerably. Half of the participants evaluated the effect of the cannabinoids as moderate. Twenty-nine physicians reported side effects, most frequently, drowsiness (26%), somnolence (19%), fatigue (13%), and diarrhea (13%). Despite the lack of evidence to date, cannabinoids are used to treat children with cerebral palsy in a wide variety of indications. Randomized controlled trials in this vulnerable patient group are therefore of utmost importance.
Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) and Cardiovascular Complications of Obesity: Searching for Potential Biomarkers
Authors: Timofeev Yuriy S. , Kiselev Anton R. , Dzhioeva Olga N. , Drapkina Oxana M.
Published: November 2023

Heat shock proteins (HSPs), a family of proteins that support cellular proteostasis and perform a protective function under various stress conditions, such as high temperature, intoxication, inflammation, or tissue hypoxia, constitute a promising group of possible biochemical markers for obesity and cardiovascular diseases. HSP27 is involved in essential cellular processes occurring in conditions of obesity and its cardiometabolic complications; it has protective properties, and its secretion may indicate a cellular response to stress. HSP40 plays a controversial role in the pathogenesis of obesity. HSP60 is involved in various pathological processes of the cardiovascular, immune, excretory, and nervous systems and is associated with obesity and concomitant diseases. The hypersecretion of HSP60 is associated with poor prognosis; hence, this protein may become a target for further research on obesity and its cardiovascular complications. According to most studies, intracellular HSP70 is an obesity-promoting factor, whereas extracellular HSP70 exhibited inconsistent dynamics across different patient groups and diagnoses. HSPs are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular pathology. However, in the context of cardiovascular and metabolic pathology, these proteins require further investigation.
A Review on Geothermal Heat Exchangers: Challenges, Coating Methods, and Coating Materials
Authors: Bhuvanendran Nair Jayakumari Arunima , Malik Nigar Gul , Mittal Garima , Martelo David , Kale Namrata , Paul Shiladitya
Published: November 2023

Geothermal energy is likely to be a significant contributor in achieving sustainable energy goals and net-zero emissions targets. Within geothermal power plants, heat exchangers play a critical role in harnessing this renewable energy source. However, these heat exchangers encounter significant challenges when exposed to geothermal fluids, including erosion, corrosion, and scaling, which adversely affects their performance and longevity. The current review focuses on surface engineering techniques, particularly coatings, as a highly effective and economically viable solution to address these challenges in geothermal heat exchangers. The review begins by providing an overview of geothermal energy, its significance in the context of sustainability and the important role played by heat exchangers in geothermal power generation, followed by the challenges and their impact on heat exchangers. The subsequent section focuses on surface engineering by coatings and its types employed to enhance the performance of heat exchangers. In the final part, the reader is presented with an overview of the challenges associated with the application of coatings in geothermal heat exchangers and potential future directions in this field. This review offers a detailed understanding of the critical role coatings play in improving the efficiency and service life of heat exchangers in geothermal power plants.
Preparation and Corrosion Properties of TiO2-SiO2-Al2O3 Composite Coating on Q235 Carbon Steel
Authors: Liu Xinyan , Wan Ye , Zhang Xiang
Published: November 2023

The TiO2-SiO2-Al2O3 composite coatings were fabricated on the surfaces of Q235 carbon steel via the sol-gel method to improve its corrosion resistance. The effects of the sintering temperature and the layer number on the corrosion performances were explored. The coating morphology, microstructure and phase composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Friction wear experiment, immersion experiment, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques were used to investigate the corrosion properties of the coatings as well. The results show that the sample with the TiO2-SiO2-Al2O3 coatings sintered at 850 °C are more uniform and denser and have better corrosion resistance and wear resistance than the other coatings. The Rp value of the 3 L coating sintered at 850 °C was about 114 kΩ·cm2, and the average friction coefficient was about 0.36.
Research on the Mechanical Failure Risk Points of Ti/Cu/Ti/Au Metallization Layer
Authors: Zhao Mingrui , Jian Xiaodong , Chen Si , Chen Minghui , Wang Gang , Gong Tao , Tian Yangning , Lu Xiangjun , Zhao Zhenbo , Yang Xiaofeng
Published: November 2023

The cohesive performance and durability of the bonding layer with semiconductor substrates are of paramount importance for realizing the high thermal conductivity capabilities of diamond. Utilizing electron beam evaporation and the room-temperature, low-pressure bonding process, robust adhesion between diamonds and silicon substrates has been achieved through the application of the metal modification layer comprised of Ti/Cu/Ti/Au (5/300/5/50 nm). Characterization with optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy reveals the uniformity and absence of defects on the surface of the deposited layer. Observations through X-ray and scanning acoustic microscopy indicate no discernible bonding defects. Scanning electron microscopy observation and energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis of the fracture surface show distinct fracture features on the silicon substrate surface, indicating that the bonding strength of the Ti/Cu/Ti/Au metallization layer surpasses that of the base material. Furthermore, the fracture surface exhibits the presence of Cu and trace amounts of Ti, suggesting that the fracture also occurs at the interface between Ti and Cu. Characterization of the metal modification layer using X-ray diffraction reveals significant lattice distortion in the Ti layer, leading to noticeable stress accumulation within the crystalline structure. Thermal–mechanical fatigue simulations of the Ti/Cu/Ti/Au metal modification layer indicate that, owing to the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion, the stress exerted by the Cu layer on the Ti layer results in the accumulation of fatigue damage within the Ti layer, ultimately leading to a reduction in its strength and eventual failure.
Piezoelectric Elements with PVDF–TrFE/MWCNT-Aligned Composite Nanowires for Energy Harvesting Applications
Authors: Aleksandrova Mariya , Tsanev Tsvetozar , Kadikoff Berek , Alexandrov Dimiter , Nedelchev Krasimir , Kralov Ivan
Published: November 2023

A self-sustainable power supply function with flexibility, mechanical stability, and lightweight quality is among the required properties for pressure sensors and other low-power-consuming electronics and wearable devices. In this work, a poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (P(VDF–TrFE)/MWCNT) composite was prepared to increase the electrical conductivity of the piezoelectric polymer and, thus, improve its electrical power generation capabilities. It was soaked by injection molding through an anodic aluminum oxide membrane to align vertically with the dipoles and exclude the possibility of dipole moment quenching. The composite membrane-type element exhibited an excellent piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 42 pC/N at a frequency of 50 Hz and an applied force intensity of 10 N, while the sensitivity was ~375 µV/g, which is favorable for self-powered pressure sensor application. The resulting composite element was utilized to generate the piezoelectric signal and to investigate the dependence of the electromechanical behavior on the surface roughness, morphology, and contact interface resistance.
Microstructure Evolution of Gas-Atomized β-Solidifying γ-TiAl Alloy Powder during Subsequent Heat Treatment
Authors: Park Sung-Hyun , Gokcekaya Ozkan , Ozasa Ryosuke , Cho Ken , Yasuda Hiroyuki , Oh Myung-Hoon , Nakano Takayoshi
Published: November 2023

To promote the use of γ-TiAl alloys in various domains, such as the aerospace industry, it is pivotal to investigate the unusual phase transformation from rapidly solidified and metastable γ-TiAl toward the equilibrium state. In this study, the microstructure characteristics of gas-atomized β-solidifying Ti-44Al-6Nb-1.2Cr alloy powder, in terms of the effect of rapid solidification on microstructure evolution, were explored in comparison with cast materials. The phase constitution, morphology, and crystallographic orientation between phases were noted to be distinct. Furthermore, subsequent heat treatment was conducted at different temperatures using gas-atomized powder. The transition from the metastable to equilibrium state was observed, wherein firstly, the γ phase precipitated from the retained α2 phase, forming an α2/γ lamellar microstructure. In intensified heat-treatment conditions adequate for cellular reaction, β/γ cells were formed at the grain boundaries of α2/γ lamellar colonies. The findings highlight the overall phase transformation during rapid solidification and continuous microstructural evolution from the nonequilibrium to the equilibrium state. This research can bridge the gap in understanding the effect of the solidification rate on microstructural evolution and contribute to enhanced comprehension of the microstructure in other domains involving rapid solidification, such as the additive manufacturing of γ-TiAl alloys.
On the Effectiveness of Fog Offloading in a Mobility-Aware Healthcare Environment
Authors: Sharifi Ferdous , Rasaii Ali , Pasdar Amirmohammad , Hessabi Shaahin , Lee Young Choon
Published: November 2023

The emergence of fog computing has significantly enhanced real-time data processing by bringing computation resources closer to data sources. This adoption is very beneficial in the healthcare sector, where abundant time-sensitive processing tasks exist. Although such adoption is very promising, there is a challenge with the limited computational capacity of fog nodes. This challenge becomes even more critical when mobile IoT nodes enter the network, potentially increasing the network load. To address this challenge, this paper presents a framework that leverages a Many-to-One offloading (M2One) policy designed for modelling the dynamic nature and time-critical aspect of processing tasks in the healthcare domain. The framework benefits the multi-tier structure of the fog layer, making efficient use of the computing capacity of mobile fog nodes to enhance the overall computing capability of the fog network. Moreover, this framework accounts for mobile IoT nodes that generate an unpredictable volume of tasks at unpredictable intervals. Under the proposed policy, a first-tier fog node, called the coordinator fog node, efficiently manages all requests offloaded by the IoT nodes and allocates them to the fog nodes. It considers factors like the limited energy in the mobile nodes, the communication channel status, and low-latency demands to distribute requests among fog nodes and meet the stringent latency requirements of healthcare applications. Through extensive simulations in a healthcare scenario, the policy’s effectiveness showed an improvement of approximately 30% in average delay compared to cloud computing and a significant reduction in network usage.
Adoption of SIFT-MS for VOC Pollution Monitoring in South Korea
Authors: Langford Vaughan S. , Cha Minyoung , Milligan Daniel B. , Lee Jihoon
Published: November 2023

The pollution of air and water with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), both hazardous and odorous, is of significant concern due to impacts on human health and quality of life, as well as the environment. South Korea is a highly industrialized and densely populated nation and suffers from significant VOC and ozone pollution. In recent years, South Korea has implemented more stringent controls on industry to address air and water pollution, requiring more real-time and on-site analysis. The selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) technique has been increasingly adopted to monitor source emissions and their dispersion, enabling a more rapid response to pollution incidents. To this end, the flexibility of SIFT-MS instrumentation for both laboratory- and field-based analysis, including in mobile laboratories, has been valuable. SIFT-MS has been applied to emission source characterization, fenceline monitoring, ambient monitoring, pollution mapping, and incident response (including the use of drone-based sampling) for hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), odor nuisance species, and compounds that have high ozone formation potential (OFP) and/or contribute to secondary aerosol (SOA) formation. This review summarizes the South Korean application of SIFT-MS to the monitoring of VOC pollutants.
A Structured Narrative Prompt for Prompting Narratives from Large Language Models: Sentiment Assessment of ChatGPT-Generated Narratives and Real Tweets
Authors: Lynch Christopher J. , Jensen Erik J. , Zamponi Virginia , O’Brien Kevin , Frydenlund Erika , Gore Ross
Published: November 2023

Large language models (LLMs) excel in providing natural language responses that sound authoritative, reflect knowledge of the context area, and can present from a range of varied perspectives. Agent-based models and simulations consist of simulated agents that interact within a simulated environment to explore societal, social, and ethical, among other, problems. Simulated agents generate large volumes of data and discerning useful and relevant content is an onerous task. LLMs can help in communicating agents’ perspectives on key life events by providing natural language narratives. However, these narratives should be factual, transparent, and reproducible. Therefore, we present a structured narrative prompt for sending queries to LLMs, we experiment with the narrative generation process using OpenAI’s ChatGPT, and we assess statistically significant differences across 11 Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) sentiment levels between the generated narratives and real tweets using chi-squared tests and Fisher’s exact tests. The narrative prompt structure effectively yields narratives with the desired components from ChatGPT. In four out of forty-four categories, ChatGPT generated narratives which have sentiment scores that were not discernibly different, in terms of statistical significance (alpha level α=0.05), from the sentiment expressed in real tweets. Three outcomes are provided: (1) a list of benefits and challenges for LLMs in narrative generation; (2) a structured prompt for requesting narratives of an LLM chatbot based on simulated agents’ information; (3) an assessment of statistical significance in the sentiment prevalence of the generated narratives compared to real tweets. This indicates significant promise in the utilization of LLMs for helping to connect a simulated agent’s experiences with real people.
Sensitivity Analysis of Influencing Factors of Fire Smoke Transport on Subway Station Platforms
Authors: Song Huaitao , Chen Qianlong , Wu Zeqi , Yao Haowei , Lou Zhen , Bai Zhenpeng , Li Jingfen , Yu Yueyang
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates the sensitivity of factors influencing the transport of smoke in subway station fires by developing a three-dimensional physical model of a subway station using Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology and importing it into Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software for numerical simulation. The orthogonal test method analyzes the effects of four common factors on temperature, CO concentration, and visibility. These factors are the mode of opening the screen door, the number of smoke vents opened, the number of smoke barriers, and the wind speed of the smoke vents. The results show that the smoke control system and the building structure influence smoke transport in subway stations, while the temperature and CO concentration gradually decrease as the distance from the fire source increases. In addition, the mode of opening the screen door is the most significant factor influencing temperature, CO concentration, and visibility using range and variance analysis. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis indicates that the optimal combination of all factors can significantly enhance the smoke exhaust efficiency. Compared with the average, the temperature optimal combination increases the smoke exhaust efficiency by 20.8%, CO concentration by 56.59%, and visibility by about 13.41%. This study provides a foundation for optimizing smoke control systems and formulating personnel evacuation strategies in subway stations.
Changes of Volatile Organic Compounds of Different Flesh Texture Pears during Shelf Life Based on Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction with Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Xu Yuqing , Gao Guanwei , Tian Luming , Cao Yufen , Dong Xingguang , Huo Hongliang , Qi Dan , Zhang Ying , Xu Jiayu , Liu Chao
Published: November 2023

Aroma is an important sensory factor in evaluating the quality of pear fruits. This study used headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of three crispy pears and five soft pears during shelf life, and the changes in soluble solids content (SSC) were analyzed. The results showed that the SSC of the soft pears such as Nanguoli, Jingbaili and Louis was always higher than that of the crispy pears throughout shelf life. A total of 160 VOCs were detected in the eight pear varieties. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) combined with predictor variable importance projection (VIP) showed that the eight pear varieties could be obviously classified into six groups according to the differences in their VOCs, and 31 differential VOCs were screened out, which could be used to differentiate between pears with different flesh textures. The results of clustering heat map analysis showed that, with the extension of shelf life, the content of each different VOC did not change much in crispy pears, whereas the difference in soft pears was larger. This study confirmed the potential of determining the optimal shelf life of different pear varieties about aroma evaluation and studying the mechanism of differences in VOCs in the future.
Identification of Protein–Phenol Adducts in Meat Proteins: A Molecular Probe Technology Study
Authors: Yang Fenhong , Zhu Yingying , Li Xiaohan , Xiang Fengtao , Deng Moru , Zhang Wei , Song Wei , Sun Hao , Tang Changbo
Published: November 2023

Plant polyphenols with a catechol structure can form covalent adducts with meat proteins, which affects the quality and processing of meat products. However, there is a lack of fast and effective methods of characterizing these adducts and understanding their mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the covalent interaction between myofibrillar protein (MP) and caffeic acid (CA), a plant polyphenol with a catechol structure, using molecular probe technology. The CA-MP adducts were separated via sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and detected via Western blot and LC-MS/MS analyses. The Western blot analysis revealed that various specific adducts were successfully enriched and identified as bands around 220 kDa, 45 kDa, and two distinct bands between 95 and 130 kDa. Combined with the LC-MS/MS analysis, a total of 51 peptides were identified to be CA-adducted, corresponding to 31 proteins. More than 80% of the adducted peptides carried one adducted site, and the rest carried two adducted sites. The adducted sites were located on cysteine (C/Cys), histidine (H/His), arginine (R/Arg), lysine (K/Lys), proline (P/Pro), and N-terminal (N-Term) residues. Results showed that the covalent interaction of CA and MP was highly selective for the R side chain of amino acids. Moreover, the adducts were more likely to form via C-N bonding than C-S bonding. This study provides new insights into the covalent interaction of plant polyphenols and meat proteins, which has important implications for the rational use of plant polyphenols in the meat processing industry.
Effect of Transglutaminase Treatment on the Structure and Sensory Properties of Rice- or Soy-Based Hybrid Sausages
Authors: dos Santos Mirian , Ribeiro Wanessa Oliveira , Monteiro Jamille de Sousa , dos Santos Bibiana Alves , Campagnol Paulo Cezar Bastianello , Pollonio Marise Aparecida Rodrigues
Published: November 2023

Partial substitution of meat with non-protein sources in hybrid meat products generally leads to a decrease in texture attributes and, consequently, in sensory acceptance. In this study, we investigated the effects of transglutaminase (TG) at two concentrations (0.25% and 0.5%) on the physicochemical, textural, and sensory properties of hybrid sausages formulated with concentrated soy or rice proteins. TG caused a reduction in the heat treatment yield of hybrid sausages, particularly those made with rice protein. pH and color parameters were marginally affected by TG addition. Texture parameters increased substantially with TG, although escalating the TG level from 0.25% to 0.5% did not result in a proportional improvement in texture parameters; in fact, for rice-based hybrid sausages, no difference was achieved for all attributes, while only cohesiveness and chewiness were improved for soy-based ones. TG enhanced the sensory attributes of soy-based hybrid sausages to a level comparable to control meat emulsion, as evidenced by ordinate preference score and projective mapping. Our findings suggest that TG is a viable strategy for enhancing texture and sensory parameters in hybrid sausages, particularly for plant proteins that exhibit greater compatibility with the meat matrix.
High-Pressure Processing for Cold Brew Coffee: Safety and Quality Assessment under Refrigerated and Ambient Storage
Authors: Polanco-Estibález Berta , García-Santa-Cruz Rodrigo , Queirós Rui P. , Serment-Moreno Vinicio , González-Angulo Mario , Tonello-Samson Carole , Rivero-Pérez Maria D.
Published: November 2023

Cold brew coffee (CBC) has gained in popularity due to its distinct sensory experience. However, CBC can pose a risk for bacterial pathogens if not stored properly. High-Pressure Processing (HPP) is a nonthermal technology that can improve the safety of CBC while maintaining its quality. In this study, CBC made from ground roasted coffee grains was processed at 600 MPa for 3 min and stored at 4 or 23 °C for 90 days. The microbiological quality indicators remained stable throughout the study period. Physicochemical and quality parameters, such as pH, total dissolved solids, titratable acidity, color, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, were not significantly affected by HPP. Both unprocessed and HPP CBC samples showed changes in pH, titratable acidity and color stability after 60 days at 23 °C. Unprocessed CBC samples spiked with Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica showed decreased counts, but the pathogens were still detectable after 60 days at 4 °C and after 90 days at 23 °C. HPP achieved a >6-log10 reduction in the species tested, with non-detectable levels for at least 90 days at both storage temperatures. These findings suggest that HPP can effectively control vegetative pathogens and spoilage microorganisms in CBC while preserving its quality attributes.
Elderberry Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Bioactive Compounds: Characterization and Extract Encapsulation
Authors: Domínguez-Valencia Rubén , Cittadini Aurora , Pateiro Mirian , Munekata Paulo E. S. , Lorenzo José M.
Published: November 2023

There are few studies on the use of elderberry in the food industry, and its form of application differs between the different studies. Therefore, the objective of this study is to describe a procedure for obtaining a stabilized product with a high content of hydrophilic bioactive compounds (encapsulated elderberry extract). Moreover, the solid residue resulting from the extraction of the polyphenols was characterized, and the lipophilic compounds retained in this residue were analyzed. The results show an important antioxidant activity of the extracts obtained, mainly linked to the high content of anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavonols. The lipophilic bioactive compounds were characterized by a high content of essential fatty acids and high proportions of tocopherols. The information and results of the present study provide novel information about both lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds for the integral valorization of elderberries to promote a circular economy strategy.
Metal Organic Framework-Incorporated Three-Dimensional (3D) Bio-Printable Hydrogels to Facilitate Bone Repair: Preparation and In Vitro Bioactivity Analysis
Authors: Choi Cho-E , Chakraborty Aishik , Adzija Hailey , Shamiya Yasmeen , Hijazi Khaled , Coyle Ali , Rizkalla Amin , Holdsworth David W. , Paul Arghya
Published: November 2023

Hydrogels are three-dimensional (3D) water-swellable polymeric matrices that are used extensively in tissue engineering and drug delivery. Hydrogels can be conformed into any desirable shape using 3D bio-printing, making them suitable for personalized treatment. Among the different 3D bio-printing techniques, digital light processing (DLP)-based printing offers the advantage of quickly fabricating high resolution structures, reducing the chances of cell damage during the printing process. Here, we have used DLP to 3D bio-print biocompatible gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) scaffolds intended for bone repair. GelMA is biocompatible, biodegradable, has integrin binding motifs that promote cell adhesion, and can be crosslinked easily to form hydrogels. However, GelMA on its own is incapable of promoting bone repair and must be supplemented with pharmaceutical molecules or growth factors, which can be toxic or expensive. To overcome this limitation, we introduced zinc-based metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles into GelMA that can promote osteogenic differentiation, providing safer and more affordable alternatives to traditional methods. Incorporation of this nanoparticle into GelMA hydrogel has demonstrated significant improvement across multiple aspects, including bio-printability, and favorable mechanical properties (showing a significant increase in the compressive modulus from 52.14 ± 19.42 kPa to 128.13 ± 19.46 kPa with the addition of ZIF-8 nanoparticles). The designed nanocomposite hydrogels can also sustain drug (vancomycin) release (maximum 87.52 ± 1.6% cumulative amount) and exhibit a remarkable ability to differentiate human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells toward the osteogenic lineage. Furthermore, the formulated MOF-integrated nanocomposite hydrogel offers the unique capability to coat metallic implants intended for bone healing. Overall, the remarkable printability and coating ability displayed by the nanocomposite hydrogel presents itself as a promising candidate for drug delivery, cell delivery and bone tissue engineering applications.
Effect of GelMA Hydrogel Properties on Long-Term Encapsulation and Myogenic Differentiation of C2C12 Spheroids
Authors: Muthuramalingam Karthika , Lee Hyun Jong
Published: November 2023

Skeletal muscle regeneration and engineering hold great promise for the treatment of various muscle-related pathologies and injuries. This research explores the use of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels as a critical component for encapsulating cellular spheroids in the context of muscle tissue engineering and regenerative applications. The preparation of GelMA hydrogels at various concentrations, ranging from 5% to 15%, was characterized and correlated with their mechanical stiffness. The storage modulus was quantified and correlated with GelMA concentration: 6.01 ± 1.02 Pa (5% GelMA), 75.78 ± 6.67 Pa (10% GelMA), and 134.69 ± 7.93 Pa (15% GelMA). In particular, the mechanical properties and swelling capacity of GelMA hydrogels were identified as key determinants affecting cell sprouting and migration from C2C12 spheroids. The controlled balance between these factors was found to significantly enhance the differentiation and functionality of the encapsulated spheroids. Our results highlight the critical role of GelMA hydrogels in orchestrating cellular dynamics and processes within a 3D microenvironment. The study demonstrates that these hydrogels provide a promising scaffold for the long-term encapsulation of spheroids while maintaining high biocompatibility. This research provides valuable insights into the design and use of GelMA hydrogels for improved muscle tissue engineering and regenerative applications, paving the way for innovative approaches to muscle tissue repair and regeneration.
Comparison of Fundamental Movement Skills and Physical Fitness in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Elementary School Children
Authors: Morales Hector , Velasquez Moises , Negrete Samira , Kelly Louise A.
Published: November 2023

Objective: Investigation of fundamental movement skills (FMS) and physical fitness differences among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White elementary school children. Materials and Methods: This study included 194 children aged between 4 and 11 in kindergarten, 2nd, and 5th grades. For evaluable participants, t-tests were used to test potential differences in fitness or fundamental movement skills. Results: There were significant group differences across the participants in terms of age, height, body mass index (BMI), BMI percentile, arm circumference, and waist circumference. In addition, there were significant differences between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White groups in terms of catching, running, dodging, punting, and two-hand striking (p’s < 0.05). Lastly, there were significant differences between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White in pull-ups, push-ups, and sit-ups (p’s < 0.05). Conclusions: Our study shows Hispanic children have lower fundamental movement skills and physical fitness compared to their Non-Hispanic White peers. As poor fundament movement skills and physical fitness at such a young age may lead to adverse implications for their physical fitness and health in adulthood. Future studies should focus on increasing fitness, and FMS in Hispanic elementary school children.
Analysis of Pharmaceutical Demand in the Region for Chronic Medicine Users Using National Health Insurance Data: Examination for Disaster Preparedness in Hakui City, Ishikawa Prefecture
Authors: Moriwaki Yuta , Morisaki Yuma , Karashima Shigehiro , Fujiu Makoto
Published: November 2023

When large earthquakes occur over wide areas, in addition to damage to medical facilities, the disaster response capabilities of local governments are severely compromised. There is a very high possibility that the supply–demand balance of medicines will collapse within the disaster area, and that appropriate supplies of medicines will not be provided to disaster victims. Therefore, it is important to estimate in advance the quantity of pharmaceuticals that may be needed during disasters. In this study, the purpose is to clarify the quantity and quality of pharmaceuticals used by chronically ill patients by using Japanese National Health Insurance data regarding the issues mentioned above. The methodology used was to extract the status of pharmaceutical prescriptions based on receipt information from National Health Insurance data for Hakui, Ishikawa Prefecture, a small regional city in Japan, as the analysis target area. Through the analysis in this study, the quantity and quality of medicines supplied to chronically ill patients in Hakui, Ishikawa Prefecture, were clarified on a town-by-town basis.
Using Respirometry to Investigate Biological Stability of Growing Media in Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Newman Sonia , Alexander Paul , Bragg Neil , Howell Graham
Published: November 2023

Materials used to replace peat in growing media include wood fibre (WF), often used in combination with composted bark (BC), coir (CR), green compost (GC), and anaerobic digestate fibre (AD). The physical and chemical properties of these materials are relatively well characterised; however, biological properties are less well understood. Biological stability of growing media is an important factor in plant performance. The aim of this research was to identify whether dynamic respirometry methods are suitable for measuring growing media stability and to assess the effect of blending two raw materials in a mix. Raw materials were run for 42 days in aerated conditions at 35 °C. Except for AD, individually run samples were considered stable, with CO2 production over 7 days ranked BC < CR < WF < GC << AD in the early stages of the test. The AD was run at two moisture levels, with greater biological activity at lower moisture content. In the most active mixture, AD and WF, there was an increase of activity when nutrients were added at 28 days, indicating major elements were limiting microbial activity. There were interaction effects in sample mixtures, with the CO2 production of WF + GC, WF + CR greater than the sum of the CO2 production from the separate components.
Development, Verification, and Analysis of Simple Mathematical Model of Lettuce Productivity under Different Light Conditions
Authors: Sukhova Ekaterina , Yudina Lyubov , Zolin Yuriy , Popova Alyona , Sukhov Vladimir
Published: November 2023

Lettuce is an important agricultural plant which is often cultivated under artificial illumination including light of light emitting diodes (LEDs). Spectrum and intensity of used illumination and duration of photoperiod can strongly influence a final lettuce biomass; their effects can be interacted. It means that search of optimal light conditions is complicated problem for experimental investigations because numerous combinations of light conditions should be analyzed. A mathematical model of lettuce productivity can provide the potential tool for intensification of this search; earlier, we preliminarily proposed the minimal model of lettuce productivity under the LED illumination. The aim of the current work was further development, verification, and analysis of the simple mathematical model of the lettuce productivity. Dry weight of a lettuce leaf rosette was used as the main variable of the model; its changes were described as function of difference between production of biomass through assimilation and its consumption through respiration. The model was quantitively parameterized and verified on basis of our previous experimental works devoted to influence of parameters of the LED illumination on lettuce characteristics. It was shown well correspondence between experimental and simulated results. Further analysis of the developed model predicted optimal illumination conditions of the lettuce cultivation. Particularly, it showed a positive influence of gradual and step increase of the light intensity on final biomass of cultivated lettuce plants. Thus, the developed model can be used as the tool for the theoretical prediction of optimal light conditions for the lettuce cultivation.
Preharvest Foliar Spraying Combined with Postharvest Salicylic Acid Treatment Regulates Panzao (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. ‘Jingcang1’) Fruit Quality and Softening during Storage
Authors: Geng Yang , Li Binbin , Zhang Ping , Yang Lian , Zhao Xiaomei , Tan Yupeng
Published: November 2023

Panzao (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. ‘Jingcang1’) have a short shelf-life, which hampers their marketability. To investigate effects of combined pre- and postharvest treatments on quality and softening during storage, preharvest Guomantian foliar fertilizer (FF) spray and postharvest salicylic acid (SA) dip were applied to panzao. By day 63 of storage, fruit firmness responded to treatment in the order of FF+SA treatment > FF or SA treatments > Control. All treatments inhibited fruit reddening during storage and, compared with those of the control, alleviated the decline in total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, and phenol contents and decreased the oxidative aging process, which was consistent with the change in firmness. The FF+SA treatment reduced the activities of amylase, cellulase, polygalacturonase, and β-glucosidase, which decreased the degradation of macromolecules including starch, cellulose, and pectin. Principal component analysis showed that FF+SA exhibited a synergistic effect and was the most effective treatment for maintaining fruit quality during storage. FF increased accumulation of nutrients during growth and improved quality, while SA delayed the decline in fruit quality and reduced softening. These results provide the theoretical basis and technical knowledge for improving the shelf-life of panzao during storage and long-distance transportation.
First Molecular Phylogenetic Identification and Report of Pseudocercospora cannabina Causing Leaf Spot Disease on Cannabis sativa in Thailand
Authors: Harishchandra Dulanjalee Lakmali , Haituk Sukanya , Withee Patchareeya , Tamakaew Nisachon , Nokum Nittaya , Kanchanomai Chaorai , Pusadee Tonapha , Nakashima Chiharu , Cheewangkoon Ratchadawan
Published: November 2023

Cannabis sativa is gaining attention as an agronomically important crop in many countries around the world. The identification and control of leaf diseases in cannabis are very important for cannabis cultivators as leaves are the most economically important part of the cannabis plants. In 2022, several cannabis plants in cultivations showing olive leaf spot symptoms emerged from Chiang Rai province, Thailand. Preliminary studies indicated that the causal organism is Pseudocercospora sp. Species of Pseudocercospora are important plant pathogens that are now identified through morphological studies combined with DNA sequence data of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS), Actin (act), Translation Elongation Factor (tef), and RNA Polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) gene regions. We aimed to investigate and understand the emergence of olive leaf spot disease in cannabis plants in Chiang Rai province, Thailand, with a specific focus on the combined morpho-molecular identification of the pathogen. In our study, Pseudocercospora cannabina, the causal organism of olive leaf spot disease, was identified as the leaf spot-causing pathogen with both morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Our study is the first to provide molecular data for Ps. cannabina as the typenor Ps. cannabina isolates from previous studies have made molecular data available for this species. A pathogenicity test, re-isolation, and identification steps were performed to fulfill Koch’s postulates. This comprehensive approach enhances our understanding of the olive leaf spot disease and its causative agent in cannabis.
Priority Research Topics to Improve Streamflow Data Availability in Data-Scarce Countries: The Case for Ethiopia
Authors: Taye Meron Teferi , Zimale Fasikaw Atanaw , Woldesenbet Tekalegn Ayele , Kebede Mulugeta Genanu , Amare Selamawit Damtew , Tegegne Getachew , Mekonnen Kirubel , Haile Alemseged Tamiru
Published: November 2023

Lack of consistent streamflow data has been an increasing challenge reported by many studies in developing countries. This study aims to understand the current challenges in streamflow monitoring in Ethiopia to prioritize research topics that can support sustained streamflow monitoring in the country and elsewhere. A workshop-based expert consultation, followed by a systematic literature review, was conducted to build a collective understanding of the challenges and opportunities of streamflow monitoring in Ethiopia. The experts’ consultation identified the top ten research priorities to improve streamflow monitoring through research, education, remote sensing applications, and institutions. The experts’ views were supported by a systematic review of more than 300 published articles. The review indicated scientific investigation in Ethiopian basins was constrained by streamflow data gaps to provide recent and relevant hydrological insights. However, there is inadequate research that seeks solutions, while some researchers use experimental methods to generate recent streamflow data, which is an expensive approach. Articles that attempted to fill data gaps make up less than 20% of the reviewed articles. This study identified research priorities that can benefit streamflow data providers and the research community in alleviating many of the challenges associated with streamflow monitoring in countries such as Ethiopia.