bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Teachers and Students on the Adoption of Smartphones in EFL Learning in the Vocational School Context
Authors: Prasetyo Anggitia Niken , Nurhadi Kardi , Larasaty Gina
Published: October 2022

With the shift from face-to-face learning to online mode, both teachers and students need to adjust the online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, numerous researches has been undertaken, particularly ICT adoption in EFL learning. Despite a growing study investigating ICT use in the EFL context, relatively few studies report on the adoption of smartphones as a platform for teaching English situated in the vocational landscape. To fill this gap, this study is aimed to investigate teachers' and students' perceptions about the adoption of smartphones in EFL learning in one of Indonesia’s vocational schools. Grounded in a phenomenological case study, this research provided details of vocational English teachers' and students’ live experiences interacting in English teaching via smartphone as a learning platform. In this study, two English teachers and three students have recruited as the participants voluntarily. The result of this study showed numerous benefits and challenges in the use of smartphones in the vocational school context. The writer found that the adoption of smartphones is beneficial, helpful, practical, and enjoyable for learning English, especially in using several smartphone applications. Despite the benefits of a smartphone, the participants reported that the instructions need to explain clearly as they are sometimes confused with the teacher's instructions. Drawing on the findings, this research implied that English teachers are suggested to adopt a wide range of learning resources to gain better students' understanding of learning English.
Medical Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Roy Rupanjan , Baksi Aishani
Published: October 2022

The medical & the dental field is a never ending field of innovations & developments and each time the reasearchers come up with something new. One such new dimension in the fields of medicine being the incorporation of Artificial intelligence assisted technologies improving diagnosis, treatmemt plan and treatment stategies. This review focusses on the application of different technologies of AI in different fields of medicine.
Specification and Classification of Pelletised Dried Sewage Sludge: Identifying its Key Properties as a Renewable Material for Enabling Environmentally Non-harmful Energy Utilisation
Authors: Mislej Vesna , Novosel Barbara
Published: October 2022

Renewable active sludge is a smart material for wastewater treatment and the protection of surface water bodies. The generated pellets (dried and pelletised dehydrated anaerobically stabilised excess sludge) are produced in a quantity of 31.4 g ± 5.6 g dry matter (DM) per one Population equivalent (PE) calculated to COD (PECOD) in one day. As pellets are combustible material, their energy utilisation must reach sustainable development goals (SDGs) - a bridge must be created between »treated sewage sludge as the tool to remove pollutants and nutrients from wastewater« and »preparation of the valuable material as a solid recovered fuel (SRF) that meets customer-specific requirements«. Technical Report CEN/TR 15508 and Technical Standard EN ISO 21640 set up methods for specifying and classifying pellets as an SRF. In the last eleven years (2010 – 2021), pellets' net calorific value (NCV) is 13.0 ± 0.7 MJ kg-1 as received (ar). In 2021, the 80th percentile of the Hg/NCV ratio was 0.079 mg Hg MJ-1. In 2010 – 2021, the annual amount of Hg transferred to stakeholders reduced by 64.3 % m/m - from 10.1 kg to 3.67 kg. The halogen contents of the pellets do not threaten corrosion to the incineration facility. Stable pellets' energy potential and perspective ash composition for critical raw materials recovery qualify pellets as a specific waste stream and a renewable material for SRF production.
Overview of Suitability of Fast Growing Tree Species (Salix spp., Populus spp., Alnus spp.) for Establishment of Economic Agroforestry Zones for Biomass Producing in Baltic Sea Region Climatic Conditions
Authors: Daugaviete Mudrite , Makovskis Kristaps , Lazdiņš Andis , Lazdina Dagnija
Published: October 2022

The article summarizes the research on managed process of agroforestry zones by short rotation plantations with tree species Salix spp., Populus spp., Alnus spp. and looks at perspectives in the planning of these zones as biomass producers. Short rotation forestry (SRF) with a combination of species and a rotation time of 15 to 30 years, depending on the species used, is the most suitable way for management of these agroforestry zones. Short rotation coppice is suitable for willows (Salix spp.) and poplars (Populus spp.) as these tree species can be harvested at much shorter intervals (SRC), 1–5 and 4–10 years, facilitating their use in agricultural systems. In Alnus spp.short rotation plantation the life cycle for energy wood production is assumed to be 15-30 years. The black alder plantations in agroforestry zones are used for sawnwood and firewood production, with a rotation span of 20–40 years. Calculated economic agroforestry zone repayment period is about 10-15 years, if costs and prices as in 2021 are used.
Management of Marine Natura 2000 Sites as Exemplified by Seabirds Wintering in the Baltic Sea: The Case of Poland
Authors: Marchowski Dominik , Ławicki Łukasz , Kaliciuk Jacek
Published: October 2022

Based on the example of wintering waterbirds in the Baltic Sea, we show a method that is useful in setting priorities for species management. The Value Factor (VF) shows which species in the region are the most valuable and on which ones conservation measures need to focus. Every year 4,400,000 waterbirds winter in the Baltic. Among which the highest priority species are velvet scoter Melanitta fusca (VS, VF=153) and long-tailed duck Clangula hyemalis (LTD, VF=204): 74% and 40%, respectively, of the world populations and over 90% of the EU populations of both species spend the winter there. Management plans (MP) regulating the protection of marine Natura 2000 sites (MPA) and dedicated to the protection of VS and LTD have been implemented in 65% and 51%, respectively, of MPAs in the Baltic. Poland, a key country for the survival of these species, has not implemented a single MP despite the existence of documentation confirming their crucial importance for seaducks, and on the pressures occurring there. We suggest using the VF concept to define priority species. On this basis, it will be possible to identify gaps in the protection of the most seriously threatened species and implement conservation measures in the most appropriate sites
Rasch model: Quality of final semester assessment items for class x on biology subject
Authors: Isnaeni Bekti , Aprilia Nani , Saifuddin Muchamad Fuad
Published: October 2022

The Final The quality of the question item is important to know to produce more accurate measurements. Final Semester Assessment questions have not been analyzed, and many students still have not passed the Minimum Criterion of Mastery Learning (MCML). This research aims to determine the quality of the question items in the Final Semester Assessment of State High School in the Gondokusuman District. This research uses a quantitative descriptive approach. The population and sample in this study were the answer sheets of all students of class X MIPA at 6th and 9th State Senior High School Yogyakarta in the 2020/2021 school year, which amounted to 462 sheets. Sampling techniques used saturated samples. The data collection procedures were observation and documentation; The analysis was quantitative descriptive. Research results showed the results as 1) there is a difference in the level of question validity of the two schools; 2) The reliability of the questions whether by 6th and 9th State Senior High School Yogyakarta had excellent value; 3) The difficulty level of questions at SMA N 6 Yogyakarta is higher than SMA N 9 Yogyakarta; 4) Differentiating level of the questions by 6th State Senior High School Yogyakarta was seven groups of questions and the questions by 9th State Senior High School Yogyakarta was 11 groups of questions; 5) The effectiveness of distracting questions at 6th and 9th State Senior High School Yogyakarta is not practical; 6) The suitability of the questions with the material and construction aspects of the questions at SMA N 9 Yogyakarta is better than SMA N 6 Yogyakarta.
Polemik Melakukan Penelitian Eksperimen dalam Psikologi Secara Daring
Authors: Gazadinda Rahmadianty
Published: October 2022

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Pengaruh Kekerasan Verbal Orangtua terhadap Konsep Diri Remaja
Authors: Awal Rahmatia Narita , Hamiyati  , Laras Nugraheni Prastiti
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kekerasan verbal orangtua terhadap konsep diri remaja. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif asosiatif dengan metode survey dan menggunakan kuesioner untuk pengambilan data. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah siswa SMA Negeri 1 Leuwiliang Kabupaten Bogor dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 103 responden yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji normalitas, linearitas, dan hipotesis sebagai uji pra-syarat penelitian. Berdasarkan pengolahan data, diketahui bahwa mayoritas sampel berada pada tingkat kekerasan verbal rendah  (69.9%) dan konsep diri remaja yang dimiliki sampel berada pada kategori sedang (53,4%). Hasil perhitungan menggunakan IBM SPSS Statistics 25 menunjukkan bahwa kekerasan verbal orangtua berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap konsep diri remaja (P-Value = 0,000 < 0,050). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kekerasan verbal orangtua yang diterima, maka akan semakin rendah konsep diri remaja. Koefisien determinasi yang didapat sebesar 27,4% yang berarti kekerasan verbal orangtua mempengaruhi konsep diri remaja sebesar 27,4%, dan 72,6%. lainnya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti pada penelitian ini.
An Overview of the Intelligence of the Deaf Students in SLB B Purwokerto
Authors: Qurrataayun Alif , Nur Wahidah Fatin Rohmah , Nur’aeni Nur’aeni , Tri Na’imah Tri Na’imah
Published: October 2022

Intelegensi yaitu tolak ukur kecerdasan siswa, ketika siswa memiliki inteligensi yang tinggi maka terdapat belajar dengan baik. Inteligensi pada siswa tunarungu sangat sulit untuk diukur karena kebanyakan alat ukur yang digunakan menggunakan keberfungsian verbal, disisi lain banyak guru SLB B yang mengeluhkan bahwa peserta didiknya mengalami penurunan akademik. Hal tersebut terjadi karena kebanyakan guru tidak mengetahui kecerdasan peserta didiknya sehingga guru memberikan perlakuan dengan porsi yang sama ketika pembelajaran berlangsung. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk memberikan gambaran inteligensi pada siswa tunarungu di SLB B di Purwokerto. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan teknik sampel jenuh sehingga diperoleh 30 partisipan. Berdasarkan hasil uji validitas kriteria diperoleh r =  sehingga tes cpm dan tes bender-gestalt dinyatakan valid. Hasil uji reliabilitas tes CPM (α cronbach = 0,889) pada tes Bender-Gestalt (α cronbach = 0,789). Uji korelasi menunjukan bahwa terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara tes cpm dan tes bender-gestalt. Pada tes cpm grade penalaran non verbal pada siswa tunarungu berada pada golongan IV kapasitas intelektual below average serta siswa dengan grade I superior berjenis kelamin laki-laki.
Determination Of The Nearest Location Of Tourism In Semarang Regency With Proximity Analysis Method Based On Shortest Path Trace
Authors: Krisnabel Brian , Handayani Dewi
Published: October 2022

Tourism in Semarang Regency is very diverse, such as historical building tours, culinary tours, and so on. These tourist sites are not close to each other so sometimes it makes tourists need to consider the choice of roads to get to each location in order to save time and gas. The many choices of roads to tourist destinations sometimes make tourists confused because they want to use the fastest route but don't know which routes should be used to get to tourist sites. This can be overcome by searching for a location with the shortest route to help tourists find the fastest route. By implementing a recommendation system, it can attract tourists to visit. Tourists can determine tourism objects based on location. This research utilizes proximity analysis algorithm with Shortest Path Trace to determine the closest travel route from the location of the application user to the tourist location. The Shortest Path Trace Algorithm used is based on mileage optimization calculations using Dijkstra's Algorithm. The implication of this research is that the application generated from this research can be used by tourists to find and find out the closest tourist location along with the shortest path to the tourist location.
Move analysis and critical thinking perception on third semester students’ review text
Authors: Izdihar Fairuz Nadhifah , Wijayatiningsih Testiana Deni , Budiastuti Riana Eka
Published: October 2022

This paper contains genre analysis of Move-step structure results on review texts written by third semester students of English Education in Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang. This study also examined third semester students’ critical thinking perception. The aims of this research are to found what are the move-step structure that lies in students' review texts and students’ critical thinking perception. Qualitative method is used as the research approach. Totally 33 review texts are analyzed. These review texts analyzed by using move-step structure. The result revealed that there are 3 moves found. There are Move 1 in the introduction paragraph. Then Move to via Step 1, Step 2, and Step 3 that found in the interpretative recount. The last move is Move 3 via Step 1 which is found in the evaluation and Move 3 via Step 2 found in the evaluative summation. The result showed 434 moves found from 33 texts. The Move that mostly found were Move 2 via Step 1 which resumed what was the artwork/thing that being reviewed. This research also figured out the perception of critical thinking from the students dealing with their review text writing products. Interview and questionnaire are used to unveil the critical thinking perception of the students. Most of the students still need guidance from their lecturer to develop their writing skills to be more precise.
Distribution and Diversity of Benthic Foraminifera in the Coastal Area of Al-Bawadi Island, Southern Red Sea
Authors: BadrElDin Ahmed Mohamed , Makbool Mohamed Mohamed Abdu , ElSabrouti Mohamed Abdu , Hallock Pamela
Published: October 2022

The coastal areas of the southern Red Sea islands are non-urbanized, relatively pristine environments and are located on the main migration pathway of Indo-Pacific foraminiferal species to the northern Red Sea and to the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal. Studying the foraminiferal composition, structure, and distribution in the Red Sea is essential to understanding how Indo-Pacific species can migrate to and survive in the Mediterranean Sea. Al-Bawadi, an uninhabited island located in the southern Red Sea, is an ideal location for such study. The coastal waters are oligotrophic, hypersaline, and very warm, overlying carbonate-rich, sandy-bottom and coral-reef substrata. In 25 sediment samples collected from water depths <6 m, 79 foraminiferal species were recorded. Rotaliids dominated the assemblages, followed by miliolids; agglutinated foraminifers were scarce, and planktic species were not found. The larger-benthic, symbiont-bearing Neorotalia calcar dominated except in very shallow water, where smaller, free-living miliolid species dominated. The FoRAM Index (FI) was calculated for all samples; the symbiont-bearing group included seven genera comprising more than half of the total assemblage such that the FI>4 for most samples from depths >3 m, indicating that water quality is suitable for coral-reef growth and recovery. Diversity indices reflected prevailing normal marine to hypersaline conditions. Depth, presence of coral reefs, and hydrodynamics are the main factors controlling the spatial distribution of the foraminiferal assemblages. Occurrences of aberrant tests in the tidal flat area could be related to naturally occurring stresses, such as rapid changes in temperature and salinity, or to breakage and repair. Monitoring studies of unthreatened environments are essential to understand reef-related assemblages and to predict the migration pathways of thermo-tolerant and thermo-sensitive foraminiferal species.
Benthic Foraminiferal and Sedimentologic Changes in the Pliocene Yorktown Formation, Virginia, USA
Authors: Spivey Whittney E. , Culver Stephen J. , Mallinson David J. , Dowsett Harry J. , Buzas Martin A.
Published: October 2022

The Pliocene Yorktown Formation consists of four lithologic units that record three marine transgressive sequences along the U.S. mid-Atlantic margin. These units were deposited during a time when average sea-level and mean global temperatures were ∼25 m and ∼3°C higher than the pre-industrial, respectively, and global atmospheric CO2 concentrations were similar to present. Forty-five samples were collected along the James River near Rushmere, Virginia, and Spring Grove, Virginia, and were analyzed for benthic foraminifera community and sedimentological changes between each member of the formation. These data are useful for developing boundary conditions for shallow, near-shore environments for paleoclimate modeling. Foraminiferal analysis distinguishes six biofacies across the entire formation. The most notable change in grain-size occurs at the conformable boundary between the Rushmere and Morgarts Beach members, where the average percentage of sand decreases from ∼60% in the Rushmere Member to <40% in the Morgarts Beach Member.
Technology Focus: Reservoir Surveillance (September 2022)
Authors: Miller Patrick
Published: October 2022

When it comes to reservoir surveillance, subsurface professionals have a broad array of tools and techniques to understand what is happening in the reservoir. To ensure valuable information is gathered with surveillance, it’s important to first ask “what problem are we trying to solve?” Depending on the problem’s definition and scale, the appropriate surveillance technology will change significantly.

Zooming far out, particularly if little data is available for a reservoir, we may be interested in tools and techniques to validate and refine the geological concept for a basin, along with the most likely deposition patterns for sediments. Zooming in to the level of interactions between wells, we need to use a different toolbox that often includes finer-resolution geoscience mapping and engineering methods such as analyzing production, pressure, and fluid-property trends from individual wells. But what’s really exciting is that many new approaches are being developed to understand reservoir behavior and well performance at incredibly high resolution—at the fracture scale or even the pore scale.

In this feature, we will examine surveillance technologies that can be applied at the broad scale, midscale, and fine scale. The papers highlighted in this month’s feature apply forward stratigraphic modeling to improve geological models, classical reservoir engineering techniques to understand interwell connectivity in order to optimize waterflooding operations, and exciting new fiber-optic technology to characterize the performance of individual hydraulic fractures in unconventionals. I hope these articles help you to think about “framing” the problem you are trying to solve, like a photographer carefully selecting the right camera settings and lens for a specific shot, in order to select the right tools and methods to add value through surveillance.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 202319 - Utilizing Surface Microseismic Monitoring To Improve Understanding of Natural Fractures in Sichuan Shale Gas Play by Cui Jing, Sichuan Changning Natural Gas Development Company, et al.

SPE 202837 - Modified Technique To Model Volatile Oil Reservoirs: Implications for Modern Software Programs by Mohamed Ibrahim, Shell Egypt, et al.

SPE 201543 - Production Optimization Using a 24/7 Distributed Fiber-Optic DFO Sensing-Based Multiphase Inflow Profiling Capability by Teymur Sadigov, BP, et al.
Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Interactions With Steel, Cement, and Shale Measured
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: October 2022

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper URTeC 3722736, “The Impact of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid on the Near-Wellbore Shale Region Involving Interactions With Steel, Cement, and Shale,” by Wei Xiong, Brandon McAdams, and Mengling Stuckman, National Energy Technology Laboratory, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

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Numerous studies have been conducted on rock/fluid interactions of deep shale reservoirs exposed to hydraulic fracturing fluid (HFF). However, the effect of fluid/steel/cement components on the chemistry of the near-wellbore shale region has been overlooked. In the study described in the complete paper, steel, cement, and shale samples were exposed to HFF sequentially in the same batch for 3 days at 66°C. Unlike the reaction of fresh HFF to direct exposure to shale, the fluid chemistry and exposed surfaces of steel and cement were altered significantly after exposure.

Methods

Sequential Exposure Experiment.

For the sequential exposure batch, three steel coupons were placed at the bottom of a borosilicate bottle with 300 mL of HFF. After 3 days of exposure, all three steel coupons were removed. 100 mL of the reacted fluid was collected and filtered for fluid-chemistry analysis. Then, two cement coupons were placed in the bottle to react with the remaining 200 mL of fluid at the same temperature. After 3 days of reaction, the two cement coupons were removed with 100 mL of fluid as a liquid sample. Finally, one shale sample was placed in the bottle, exposed to the remaining 100 mL of fluid for 3 days. A controlled group using individual coupons was the subject of experiments using the same setup. One steel, cement, or shale coupon was placed in each bottle with 100 mL of HFF individually. A blank group with 100 mL of HFF without any coupons also was set up at the same conditions. These control groups reacted for 3 days.

Analytical Methods.

A three-electrode voltametric system was composed of a mercury/gold (Hg/Au) amalgam 100-µm-disc working electrode (WE), a solid-state silver/silver-chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference electrode (RE), and a platinum wire counter, or auxiliary, electrode (CE). The species undergoes oxidation or reduction at the WE interface at a potential measured against the potential of the RE wherein any exchange of electrons at the WE interface is compensated by the CE to complete the circuit within the potentiostat. Peaks observed in complex solutions like those in this study can be compared with known responses in previous studies to arrive at a qualitative assessment of what is happening, and when, in these solutions with respect to redox chemistry. For the purposes of continuity, all potentials reported in the complete paper are in relation to the Ag/AgCl reference electrode and require a positive adjustment of approximately 0.21 V.
Shifting Paradigm of Mental Hygiene; A Novel Approach to Mitigate Workers' Distress in Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Khalid Adeela , Felfernig Michael , Purra Ajaz , Ramirez Francis Eric , Alshamsi Mariam , Dwedari Zafar
Published: October 2022

The objective of this paper is to advocate the practice of mental hygiene as an occupational health and safety solution to safeguard mental health and enhance psychological resilience of the workforce in the oil and gas industry.

The oil and gas industry is a highly-demanding industry with its inherent environmental and psychological challenges posing a certain risk to employees' mental health. In addition, varied responses to psychological factors of the workforce may also increase the risk to mental health. A comparative study has shown that anxiety and depression is more prevalent among workers in the oil and gas industry in comparison to the general population(1). The reason behind this is particular pressure to avoid mistakes in the industry. There are serious consequences of mistakes in this industry including loss of lives and harm to the environment. In addition, offshore workers also experience isolation, loneliness, frustration and dissatisfaction stemming from working remotely, away from family. Unum Group conducted a claim analysis in the oil & gas extraction industry that showed that 26 percent of incapacity claims between 2014 and 2018 are caused by mental and psychological issues(2).

The growing acknowledgment of the role of stressors in the workplace on mental health accentuates the importance of preventive psychological strategies. Mental hygiene is a preventive measure for sustaining good emotional health by developing and maintaining certain behavioral, social, and emotional skills. This paper highlights some of the mental hygiene practices considering the pertinence and aptness to the unique work environment of the oil and gas industry.
Managing CO2 Phase Behaviour in Depleted Reservoirs
Authors: Acevedo Lui , Tucker Owain
Published: October 2022

Dealing with the phase behaviour management of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in Carbon, Capture and Storage (CCS) (CCS) in depleted gas reservoirs generates technical challenges related to low temperatures. These challenges are not observed in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) (EOR) or aquifer injection as these are normally carried out at pressures above hydrostatic. This paper shares some of the experience in selecting/developing solutions for depleted reservoirs (for reservoir pressures higher than 45bar).

It describes the technical challenges related to uncontrolled injection of CO2 in depleted reservoirs and the requirement to manage the phase behaviour, then proposes different concept solutions for steady injection and highlights the selection process considering the different project conditions. Advantages and disadvantages and issues for the different concept solutions are presented with an emphasis on projects where the CO2 arrives cold.

The paper gives an overview of the installation of simple and reliable long term solutions using the friction concept. It considers the applicability of the planned solution, its limitations and how to manage them.

Very low temperatures along the well can be observed under uncontrolled phase behaviour injection of CO2 in depleted reservoirs. Simulation models and analysis of the well elements indicate the requirement to manage the CO2 phase behaviour to avoid integrity problems. Conceptual solutions like friction with relatively small tubing, downhole choke,, heatingheating are required to be considered early in the maturation phase by the projects. The selection process depends on project variables and project life limitations.

The use of the friction concept has been favoured in different projects because of its long term reliability. The alternative of heating is variable and mainly influenced by injection bottomhole pressure. In general this incurs high expenditure. The downhole choke concept is promising but reliability needs to be improved and delta pressure across the choke needs to be increased.

There are limitations to the operating envelope per well using the friction concept. However, a combination of multiple wells allows for managing the desired ranges of injection in the project.

This paper also highlights the level of integration along the chain required for developing CCS in depleted reservoirs. This level of integration must not be neglected.
Unlocking Value Through Integrated Collaboration for Multiple Liquid Mud Plant Facilities in East Malaysia
Authors: Toha Rozaidi , M Amin Remy Azrai , Rajab Hairul , Omar M Mizuar , Patma Nesan Thanavathy
Published: October 2022

Liquid mud plant (LMP) is a special dedicated built facility within the supply base where oil and gas companies operate to provide treatment, mixing and storage of drilling and completion fluids. The service can also be extended for drilling waste management in certain liquid mud plants. Historically in East Malaysia, each operator developed and operated their own separate liquid mud plant at the supply base since 2002. This resulted to bigger operating cost to the drilling industry since each LMP may not be fully utilized to its full capacity all the time especially during the downturn of oil price. To date, there are four LMPs in Labuan which are LMP1, LMP2, LMP3 and LMP4. This has led the biggest operator in Malaysia to take lead in integrating all the LMPs to become one shared facility to support all drilling operations in East Malaysia and finally resulting to reducing the well cost.

A new systematic agreement was designed by putting all the facilities under one roof with longer duration for better operating expenditures but was still flexible for multiple operators to supervise each of their own operations. The governing authority plays a significant role in ensuring that there will be equitable sharing mechanism among operators. A frequent monitoring was established for a structured optimization of the facilities due to the dynamic operation of drilling operations. An integrated technical steering committee was established for the specific supervision of LMP operation with all the operators to further optimize the shared resources by sharing of drilling fluids, minimizing new built of drilling fluids and expensive brines. The specific payment mechanism was developed for fair cost distribution among the operators. This required collaboration with multiple parties for creating a process flow for finance and tax purpose.

The first ever integrated agreement for LMP was successfully established in August 2019 by securing good commercial value for the long-term, hence reducing the operating costs. This resulted to greater efficiencies and maximum utilization with the LMP. The process of farming in the contract by the operators has been simplified. However, the biggest hurdle was implementing the most equitable sharing mechanism with minimum tax exposure. Eventually, a sustainable payment mechanism has successfully been created whereby all operators would be dealing with contractors directly instead of going through one operator alone.

This initiative has reduced the overall LMP costs to drilling operation by sharing the common facilities and resources. An integrated long-term agreement was established for best commercial value by the LMP operator. The farm in process has been simplified as each operator has also already included into the agreement hence it has improved the efficiency by 80%.
Carbon Capture, Utilisation & Storage in Offshore Facilities
Authors: Nwosu Jazzpin-Cross Chiemerie
Published: October 2022

A group of technological procedures known as "carbon capture and storage" involve transferring and injecting carbon dioxide (CO2) that has been captured from industrial waste gases into geological formations. The acronym CCUS, or carbon capture, utilization, and storage, is a key technique for reducing emissions that can be used across the energy system. Meeting the fluctuating need for energy while reducing the harmful effects on the environment are two challenges faced by oil and gas production in floating, production, storage, and offloading (FPSO)units. The most crucial operational parameters to reduce energy demand, boost efficiency, and enhance production are identified in this study through the integration of screening analysis and thermodynamic analysis of oil and gas processing plants. Therefore, the primary objectives of this work are to determine how much the operational parameters of an FPSO with carbon capture, use, and storage (CCUS) contribute to the overall effect. The input parameters for the sensitivity analysis are chosen from some thermodynamic and structural design variables. To accomplish the objectives, four machine learning-based screening analysis algorithms—Linear Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) are used. The impact of three actual crude oil compositions with different GORs and CO2 contents is evaluated. The optimal operating pressure settings of CCS greatly minimize the energy consumption and exergy destruction of the main and utility plants, according to a combination of thermodynamic and screening evaluations. The findings also showed that while the total oil output is solely affected by the GOR content, the total power consumption, CCS efficiency, and CCS power consumption are all significantly more sensitive to the fluid reservoir's CO2 content than GOR. The impact of design variable interactions is also critical in affecting the separation efficiency and/or compression unit performance for situations with high CO2 or GOR content.
Building Safe CO2 Transport Infrastructure: The Cornerstone of CCUS
Authors: Simon Louis , Thebault Florian , Obeidat Anas , Bouchart Nicolas , Faramarzi Leila
Published: October 2022

This paper captures key aspects for design of CO2 transport pipelines and aims to make these available to project developers, decision makers and regulators working on CO2 transport projects.

Currently the regulations and standards used for CO2 pipelines mainly originate in natural gas pipeline codes. Hazards, risks, and design practices for natural gas presently serve as a compass in CO2 risk assessment. It is true that the closest experience for dense phase CO2 transport is natural gas. However, there are stark differences between the two fluids. These differences are mainly due to the thermophysical properties of dense phase CO2. Using the existing models to predict properties such as the solubility limit of water in a CO2 stream may lead to inaccurate results for industrially captured CO2 which often carries a range of impurities. The correct prediction of water solubility in CO2 streams (both gas and dense phase) is vital since water drop out can lead to corrosion failure in steel pipelines in presence of impurities. This paper shows the extent of general corrosion in CO2 pipes in presence of acidic impurities that lead to low pH levels. Based on the findings, it is concluded that pipeline operators must eliminate the risk of aqueous phase water formation in the pipe by using appropriate and sufficiently designed dehydration processes. The risk of residual water through the startup phase and formation of water through transient operations (caused by CO2 phase change) must also be carefully considered in the design.
Combining Renewable Microgrids and Energy Storage: Decarbonizing Offshore Assets by Means of Offshore Floating Solar and Wind
Authors: Ventrelli Saverio
Published: October 2022

This paper presents a novel concept that enables offshore operators to power their facilities with renewable microgrids consisting of offshore wind units (floating or bottom fixed) or floating solar arrays or a combination of the two. The offshore wind turbine can have a generation capacity of either 11 or 14 megawatts (MW). The modular offshore floating solar farm concept is designed for high-wave, saltwater environments – with generating capacities ranging from 1 – 100 MW. A battery energy storage solution (BESS) is included as part of the microgrid, along with AC power distribution, transformers, switchboards, and a power management system (PMS).

The renewables-based microgrid can be connected to any production (fixed or floating) or drilling installation via a subsea cable -- preferably up to 2 kilometers in length (or longer if required). The concept is highly scalable and can be deployed to match the load profile and power needs of the host facility. Stable power provided by the microgrid enables a reduction in localized electricity generation from existing onboard diesel or gas turbine generators. The improved energy mix with wind/solar and energy storage combined can reduce carbon emissions up to estimated 60-70% when compared to conventional generation with gas turbines.
Machine Learning in Automating Carbon Storage Site Assessment
Authors: Dong Zexuan , Folmar Ilyana , Chen Jay , Lu Ligang , Su Qiushuo , Seth Puneet , Sidahmed Mohamed , Sarfare Manoj , Akil Ihab
Published: October 2022

To store CO2 in depleted oil and gas fields or saline aquifers, a detailed site assessment is typically done manually, which is time-consuming and costly, as there are large number of older wells with poor quality records. The study presented here will leverage cloud computing and artificial intelligence (AI) tools like Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) to automate the legacy well assessment for efficient decision-making in storage site selection, thus reducing human effort. Results from our preliminary tests show that with this approach one can extract 80% of the desired information from various data sources including hand-written well reports and analyze information to accelerate CO2 storage risk level estimation.
Agile Project Management and its Application to Delivering an Integrated Subsurface Model of a Giant Middle Eastern Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Valente Alexander Ashcroft , Contreras Perez David Rafael
Published: October 2022

Abstract & Introduction

Agile Project Management has received a significant amount of attention in the oil and gas industry over the past five years. Companies have increasingly focused on digitalisation in an attempt to generate additional value from their existing business, and to keep up in a fast changing global marketplace. The uptake of an Agile Approach in the industry has however, been markedly slower than in other industries. Management consultants promoting an agile approach have often presented case studies with limited relevance to oil and gas projects, which has led to scepticism within the workforce. An Abu Dhabi offshore company successfully applied techniques adapted from Agile Project Management during a major reservoir modelling project of a giant oil field. Elements of the agile approach, such as the concept of the Minimum Viable Product, were found to be key enablers in the development of more efficient reservoir modelling workflows. Furthermore, these techniques were effective in overcoming challenges related to remote working, resource constraints, and contradictory field data. This paper introduces the Agile Project Management approach and shares experience of how it can be applied effectively to subsurface modelling projects.
Role of Third-Party Certification and Verification for Geological Storage (and EOR) Projects
Authors: Mackie Elizabeth , Aarnes Jørg
Published: October 2022

For the rapid deployment of Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS), a couple of key requirements are essential. These include a long-term price for carbon, established rules and regulations, public acceptance, and an enabling environment for hub style developments. Where regulations are immature or where public confidence in the technology is low, third-party certification can help support and expedite deployment. Certification or verification can be done against international standards such as ISO27914:2017 Carbon dioxide capture, transportation, and geological storage — Geological storage and ISO 27916:2019 Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage — Carbon dioxide storage using enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). These standards represent an international consensus on the requirements for the safe and effective storage of CO2 in geological formations.

Certification and verification can support:

Building trust with a range of public and private stakeholder; demonstrating that international best practice has been adopted particularly in regions where CO2 is being stored for the first time. Government and the regulators with assurance that an independent third party has reviewed CO2 storage plans for their projects and confirmed their alignment with the most comprehensive international standard. ISO 27914 and ISO 27916 together with other industry guidelines can support CCS project development and permitting and approval especially in locations where CCUS regulation are immature or absent. Attracting partners to the project: certification will provide an additional level of confidence in the work performed. Compliance with EU Sustainable Taxonomy / license to operate, e.g., for a non-EU supplier that wishes to export a carbon intense product offset by carbon storage activities. The EU Sustainable Taxonomy requires that carbon storage site(s) comply with the ISO 27914.

Certification can be mapped to all stages of a CO2 storage and EOR project lifecycle. We will present examples where third-party certification and verification against international standards has helped support project development and deployment.
I Own, I Operate, and I Maintain – Operator Basic Care
Authors: Saleh Mohamed Mohammed Salem , Al Shemeili Ahmed Abdulla Mohammed Erhama , Al Hadhrami Omar Awadh Halabi , Sandel Saleh , Al Menhali Jameel Abubaker , Al Sharji Talal , Ibrahim Omar , Paino Suharjo , Kodaikanal Ananda Narayanan Vinoth Kanna , Balakrishnan Hemant Kumar
Published: October 2022

Oil and gas assets are operated with large sized machines such as compressors, pumps, turbines, furnaces etc., which require continuous attention in terms of operations and maintenance. Experienced operators who are continuously attached with these machines and equipment are in a better position to look, listen and feel the need for minor adjustments and maintenance requirements of these machines.

Operator Basic Care is part of operations initiative in line with Total Productive Maintenance, wherein machine adjustments and minor maintenance are performed by operators who are deemed to have unique knowledge about the equipment. In other words, experienced operator owns Level −1 maintenance activities under I own, I operate, and I maintain philosophy.

Experienced operators owning the level-1 maintenance activities makes the machines much more reliable in addition to providing Total Employee Engagement.
A Quantum Gravity AI Framework for CO2 Storage Monitoring and Optimization
Authors: Katterbauer Klemens , Al Shehri Abdallah , Al Qasim Abdulaziz
Published: October 2022

Gravimetry is a physical method with a large depth of investigation. Traditional applications include surface gravity observations for mining and oil exploration and borehole gravity logging for investigating formation bulk density. Quantum gravity sensors have recently been developed allowing to achieve considerably higher accuracy and signal to noise ratios as compared to conventional gravimetric approaches. Borehole gravity data have some advantages over the surface data, because the sensors are closer to the reservoir better spatial resolution is obtained; and because the deep borehole gravity data are less affected than surface data by near surface changes.

We have developed a new AI driven framework for the interpretation and monitoring of CO2 migration for CO2 storage applications. The framework utilize an integrated LSTM -Bayesian inference framework approach that to determine the gravity gradient within the reservoir and infer from this the possible movement in the reservoir. The LSTM framework evaluates the time lapse gravity gradient changes to infer from it the migration of the CO2 movement.

We evaluated the framework on a public benchmark dataset of the Pohokura field in New Zealand. The Pohokura field in New Zealand has been investigated as a reservoir for CO2 storage given its acceptable reservoir quality and seal rock structure. The framework was evaluated on simulated CO2 storage migration patterns with multiple scenarios, taking into account the uncertainties that may arise with respect to various potential CO2 migration scenarios. The study outlines the enhanced accuracy and tracking of CO2 front movement within the reservoir based on quantum gravity sensors integrated with an AI framework.

The deep learning framework represents an important step at utilizing quantum borehole gravity sensing for CO2 movement monitoring and the optimization of CO2 storage. The AI framework outlined the considerable potential of quantum gravity sensing for CO2 storage monitoring and optimization.
More Energy & Less Emission from Waste Heat – Case Study
Authors: Dutt Indrajit , Al Ketbi Waneya , Salem Saeed Al Jenaibi Eisa , Sajjad Saqib
Published: October 2022

ADNOC Sustainability Strategy targets to reduce Green House Gas Intensity by 25% in year 2030. With the aim to support this initiative, ADNOC Gas Processing has initiated a project to utilize waste energy from SRU Incinerator stack exhaust to generate High Pressure Steam and reduce fuel consumption in the existing facility boilers. The Waste Heat Recovery project is considered as a major contributor to ADNOC Gas Processing Decarbonization road map.

ADNOC Gas Processing operates gas processing plants which are complemented by Sulphur Recovery Units (SRUs), to extract Sulphur product from sour gas impurities like H2S. The effluent tail gas from the SRUs is incinerated to reduce release of remaining acid gas components to atmosphere. The high temperature of the Incinerator stack exhaust offers an attractive option for heat recovery. Feasibility Study assures the potential of extraction of the waste heat from the SRU Incinerators for power and / or steam generation.

Various options were explored during feasibility stage to utilize the extracted waste heat: Steam production,Electric Power generation andCombined Steam / Power generation.

For steam production configurations of water tube boiler and fired tube boiler were evaluated. Also, for power generation, Organic Rankine Cycle and back pressure steam turbines were checked.

Feedback from reputed suppliers were considered during the feasibility study. Locations for the new units were studied. Utility requirements were evaluated and tie-in locations with existing system were identified. Based on the feasibility study, steam generation was technically and economically viable option. The power generation option was not found favorable for further evaluation. Accordingly, conceptual design for new Waste Heat Recovery Unit for steam generation using exhaust gases from SRU Incinerator stacks has been proceeded with by ADNOC Gas Processing.
Introducing Energy Competencies for Smart Growth of Youth
Authors: Al Zaabi Fatima Ahmed , Sajjad Saqib
Published: October 2022

In an industry with energy intensive operation such as oil and gas, and with rising environmental challenges; doubts whether the industry is considered part of the problem or can be viewed as an enabler to minimize footprints. The workforce qualification on energy efficiency requirement through a competency-based model is a strategic approach to coop with the challenges. With the shift in workforce demographic to a younger employee, there was more emphasis on the introduction of energy competency for smart growth of youth.

This paper present how introducing energy competencies supports the smart growth of younger workforce. ADNOC has developed a corporate wide energy efficiency discipline competency through effectively defining discipline consideration in industry, understand evolving challenges and creating the energy efficiency skill profile as part of its competency library. The skill profile included conventional competencies such as pumps, compressors, refrigeration, and steam & condensate. As well as, evolving competencies including energy policy and strategy, environment, flaring and emissions, waste heat recovery and renewable energy. The developed energy efficiency competencies were integrated with business processes for effective utilization through the career development and assessment system and the personal development plan.

With the introduction of the competencies, challenges such as diversity of operations, proficiency level allocation and the evolving global challenges were discussed. Opportunities rely within the systematic approach for development, broadness of categories within the competency library and line managers role in utilizing the development model to upskill their young employee's capabilities.