bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence And Determinants of Unintended Pregnancy Among Female High School Students in Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Erreso Amana , Adem Aliye , Gurara Abenet , Amare Yirga
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Unintended pregnancy which ends up majorly with induced abortion is the leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity around the globe. Youths are more prone to unintended pregnancy because of the rising level of premarital sexual practice across all parts of the world. This raising level of premarital sex can be partly explained by the fact that youths face various problems in regulating fertility through the use of modern contraceptives. Lack of information, socio-cultural, economic barriers in accessing contraceptives, violence as well as socio-cultural beliefs impede major role in preventing unintended pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancy among female high school students of Arsi Zone. METHODOLOGY: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted between February and August 2018 G. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to reach 830 respondents. A bivariate analysis was carried out to examine the relationship between unintended pregnancy and explanatory variables. Variables that were statistically significant (with p-value <0.05) at the bivariate level were included in the multivariate logistic regression to control confounding factors and determine the independent determinants of unintended pregnancy among high school students. RESULT: Forthy five (30%) of the respondents reported that they were pregnant at the time of the study period. Of the study participants who had been pregnant, 28(62.22%) students got their pregnancy at the age of 16 and 17; and 6(13.33%) got pregnant at the age of 18 and 19. Age at first sexual intercourse, using contraceptive methods, drinking alcohol, chewing kchat, lack of knowledge, and failure to discuss reproductive health information with families were significant predictors of unintended pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of unintended pregnancy among the study participants is high (29.3%), and almost all were ended up with abortion. Most reasons reported for having unwanted pregnancy were that they were still in school and they don’t have money to take care of their baby. Keywords: Prevalence, Untended pregnancy, Arsi Zone
Inlammatory Pseudotumor-Like Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma: Imaging Features Andradiologic-Pathologic Correlation
Authors: Xu Lingbin , Ge Rong , Gao Shanshan
Published: December 2020

Background: Inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (IPT-like FDCS) is a rare type of tumor. The purpose of this study is to reveal the radiological characteristics of IPT-like FDCS by radiologic-pathologic correlation.Results: We analyzed two cases of IPT-like FDCS in liver, nine cases in spleen, and two cases in both liver and spleen concomintantly. IPT-like FDCS presented as well-defined iso- or hypodense masses on unenhanced CT images in both liver and spleen. Hyperintensities on T1-weighted images and hypointensities on T2-weighted images with hypointense rings were characteristic features in splenic cases. “Halo signs” were observed in two out of three liver tumors. Hepatic lesions showed significant enhancement, whereas splenic lesions showed only mild enhancement. Delayed annular enhancement was observed in both liver and spleen cases. On ultrasonographic examinations, IPT-like FDCS presented as hypoechoic lesions with enhancement similar to that observed in CT. Hyaline fibrous pseudocapsules, which correlated with hypointensities on T2-weighted images, were microscopically observed at the tumor edge. IPT-like FDCS was characterized by an abundance of small blood vessels and capillaries. Capillaries were also found in the fibrous capsule of some IPT-like FDCSs, which may explain the delayed annular enhancement.Conclusion: The manifestations of IPT-like FDCS in the liver and spleen showed differences that warrant they be approached differently during diagnosis. Characteristic radiological findings of IPT-like FDCS included different enhancement patterns between liver and spleen tumors and rim-like hypointensities on T2-weighted images, as well as annular enhancement, on CT and MR images. These imaging features correlated with tumor pathology.
Surgical Outcomes of Transverse Acetabular Fractures and Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes
Authors: Jang Jae Hoon , Moon Nam Hoon , Rhee Seung Joon , Jung Seok Jin , Ahn Tae Young
Published: December 2020

Background: Transverse acetabular fractures, although classified as elementary, have been considered to have worse outcomes than other types of acetabular fractures. Prognostic factors for this type of fracture are not clearly established. The purpose of this study was to assess the surgical outcomes of transverse acetabular fractures and subtypes thereof and to investigate the prognostic factors.Methods: Between 2014 and 2019, 39 patients (39 hips) had transverse fractures or subtypes thereof. We reviewed the surgical outcomes and investigated patient factors, injury factors, and surgical factors in relation to osteoarthritis (OA) and conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA). Additionally, we analyzed the cutoff values for postoperative residual gaps and steps.Results: Twenty-three male patients and 16 female patients with a mean age of 41.7 years (range, 18–78 years) were included. There were 29 satisfactory reductions (74.4%). Eleven hips (28.2%) developed OA. Five (12.8%) of them underwent THA. Dome impaction (odds ratio [OR], 41.173; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.804–939.814; P=0.020) and residual gaps (OR, 4.251; 95% CI, 1.248–14.479; P=0.021) were correlated with poor outcomes. Residual gaps (≥3 mm) and residual steps (≥1 mm) were significantly associated with OA.Conclusion: Relatively poor reduction were found for transverse acetabular fractures and subtypes thereof. However, the rates of OA and conversion to THA were not high. Dome impaction and wide residual gaps were identified as risk factors for poor outcomes. The development of OA significantly increased if the residual gap and step were more than 3 mm and 1 mm, respectively.
Solar-to-hydrogen peroxide conversion of photocatalytic carbon dots with anthraquinone: Unveiling the dual role of surface functionalities
Authors: Gu Minsu , Lee Do-Yeon , Mun Jinhong , Kim Dongseok , Cho Haein , Lee Geunsik , Kim Byeong-Su , Kim Hyoung-il
Published: December 2020

Solar-driven photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) requires only sunlight, oxygen, and water, making it a green and sustainable alternative to conventional H2O2 production processes. We present photocatalytic carbon dots (CDs) as a new candidate for high-performance H2O2 production. Owing to the generation of an excellent charge carrier and the presence of various oxygen-containing functional groups, CDs showed an outstanding H2O2 production capability of 609.4 μmol g-1 h-1 even in the absence of an electron donor, demonstrating promising self-electron-donating capabilities. Hydroxyl groups on their surface, in particular, serve a dual role as photocatalytic active sites and as electron and proton donors toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The photocatalytic activity of CDs was significantly improved to 1187.8 μmol g-1 by functionalizing their surfaces with anthraquinone (AQ) as a co-catalyst; it promoted the charge carrier separation and electrochemically favors the two-electron pathway of ORR. These carbon-based metal-free nanohybrids that are a unique combination of CDs and AQ could offer insights into designing efficient photocatalysts for future solar-to-H2O2 conversion systems.
A New Pyrazolate Osmium(VI) Nitrido Complex Exhibits Anticancer Activity Through Modulating Protein Homeostasis
Authors: Ni Wen-Xiu , Huang Chengyang , Huang Wan-Qiong , Ji Peng-Chao , Song Fu-Ling , Wang Chuan-Xian , Liu Tao , Li Meiyang , Guo Hongzhi , Yu Cuicui , Huang Yong-Liang
Published: December 2020

Interest in the third-row transition metal osmium and its compounds as potential anticancer agents has grown in recent years. Here, we synthesized the osmium(VI) nitrido complex Na[OsVI(N)(tpm)2] (tpm= [5-(Thien-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]methanol) that does not have direct binding affinity to DNA. Cellular assays revealed that this new Os complex exhibited anticancer activity against cancer cell lines, cancer stem cells, and cisplatin-resistant cells. The Os complex Na[OsVI(N)(tpm)2] modulates the expression of protein transportation-associated, DNA metabolism-associated and oxidative stress-associated proteins in HepG2 cells. Perturbation of protein expression activity by the Os complex in cancer cells affects the functions of the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in high levels of cellular oxidative stress and low rates of cell survival. Moreover, it induced caspase-mediated apoptosis of HepG2 cancer cells. The study reveals a new high-valent Os complex as an anticancer agent candidate targeting cancer cell protein homeostasis.
Substrate traits govern the assembly and spatial organization of microbial community engaged in metabolic division of labor
Authors: Wang Miaoxiao , Chen Xiaoli , Nie Yong , Wu Xiao-Lei
Published: December 2020

Metabolic division of labor (MDOL) is widespread in nature, whereby a complex metabolic pathway is shared between different strains within a community for mutual benefit. However, little is known about how communities engaged in MDOL assemble and spatially organize. We hypothesized that when degradation of an organic compound is carried out via MDOL, substrate concentration and its toxicity modulate the benefit allocation between the two microbial populations, thus governing the assembly of this community. We tested this hypothesis by combining individual-based simulations with pattern formation assays using a synthetic microbial community. We found that while the frequency of the first population increases with an increase in substrate concentration, this increase is capped with an upper bound determined by the biotoxicity of the substrate. In addition, our model showed that substrate concentration and its toxicity affect levels of intermixing between strains. These predictions were quantitatively verified using an engineered system composed of two strains degrading salicylate through MDOL. Our results demonstrate that the structure of the microbial communities can be quantitatively predicted from simple environmental factors, such as substrate concentration and its toxicity, which provides novel perspectives on understanding the assembly of natural communities, as well as insights into how to manage artificial microbial systems.
Improves Symptoms and Urinary Biomarkers in Refractory Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome Patients Randomized to Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Versus Placebo
Authors: Shen Yuan Chi , Tyagi Pradeep , Lee Wei Chia , Chancellor Michael , Chuang Yao Chi
Published: December 2020

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been shown to improve symptoms in patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS); however, there is a lack of objective evidence. We measured change of urinary biomarker levels in 25 patients with IC/BPS received ESWT or placebo once a week for 4 weeks. Urines were collected from participants at baseline, 4 and 12 weeks post treatment. A representative 41 inflammatory growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines in urine were measured using a MILLIPLEX immunoassay kit. Symptom bother was assessed by O’Leary-Sant symptom scores (OSS), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain.The ESWT group exhibited a significant reduction in the OSS and VAS compared to the placebo group 4 weeks post-treatment (p < 0.05), and the effects were persistent at 12 weeks. The difference in urinary markers change in ESWT vs placebo was p= 0.054 for IL4, p=0.013 for VEGF, and p= 0.039 for IL9 at 4 weeks. The change of urine biomarker was not significant in other biomarkers or all the measured proteins at 12 weeks. The current data suggest that IL4, IL9, and VEGF mediation may be involved in its pathophysiologic mechanisms and response to LESW treatment.
Frames and Counter-Frames Giving Meaning to Palliative Care and Euthanasia in the Netherlands
Authors: Gorp Baldwin Van , Olthuis Gert , Vandekeybus Anneleen , Gurp Jelle van
Published: December 2020

Background Based on the case of palliative care and euthanasia in the Netherlands, this paper presents an analysis of frames and counter-frames used in the ongoing public debate about these two intertwined topics. Each (counter)frame presents a cultural theme that can act as a prism to give meaning to palliative care and/or euthanasia. Each frame comprehends a different problem definition, consequences and policy options. Typical word choices and metaphors are identified that can evoke these frames and the underlying reasoning. The frames do not belong to a specific stakeholder but a pattern can be seen in their use that is related to interests and ideology.Methods An inductive framing analysis was conducted of 2,700 text fragments taken from various Dutch newspapers, websites of stakeholders and policy documents in the period 2016-2018. After an extensive process of thematic coding, axial coding, selective coding and peer review seven frames and seven counter-frames about palliative care and euthanasia were constructed. Fifteen experts in the field of palliative and/or end-of-life care commented on the overview during a member check. Results Two frames about palliative care were constructed: the Fear of death frame, which stresses the hopeless ‘terminality’ of palliative care and the Heavy burden frame, in which palliative care is too big a responsibility for the relatives of the patient. In addition, two counter-frames were constructed: palliative care as a contributor to Quality of life and Completion. With regard to euthanasia, five frames were identified that lead to a problematising definition: Thou shalt not kill, Slippery slope, Lack of willpower, I am not God, and Medical progress. Five counter-frames offer a non-problematising definition of euthanasia in the debate: Mercy, Prevention, Triumph of reason, Absolute autonomy, and Economic utility thinking.Conclusions The debate in the Netherlands on euthanasia and palliative care is characterized by a plurality of angles that goes beyond the bipolar distinction between the pros and cons of euthanasia and palliative care. Only with an overview of all potential frames in mind can an audience truly make informed decisions. The frame matrix is not only useful for policy makers to know all perspectives when joining public debate, but also to health care workers to get into meaningful conversations with their patients and families.
Lack of pattern decorrelation in the prelimbic circuit disables social discrimination in Mecp2-deficient mice
Authors: Xu Pan , Yue Yuanlei , Su Juntao , Sun Xiaoqian , Du Hongfei , Liu Zhichao , Simha Rahul , Zeng Chen , Lu Hui
Published: December 2020

The prefrontal cortical (PFC) circuit plays a central role in processing social information. PFC dysfunction has been demonstrated in many autism-associated disorders, including Rett syndrome (RTT), which is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the X-linked gene MECP2. The prelimbic PFC is hypoactive in RTT, but the precise mechanisms underlying the social avoidance remain obscure. Here we studied MeCP2-deficient mice, using in vivo calcium imaging to record neuronal activities in the prelimbic medial PFC (mPFC) while mice chose whether to interact with an object or a fellow mouse. We found that prelimbic mPFC hypoactivity restricts the responsiveness of the circuit and limits its ability to decorrelate patterns encoding social and nonsocial stimuli. Optogenetic stimulation of the prelimbic circuit throughout the social interaction restored pattern discrimination and social interactivity. This work shows that what appears to be social avoidance is actually an inability to discriminate social from nonsocial cues.
Highly Selective Skeletal Isomerization of Cyclohexene Over Zeolite-Based Catalysts for High-Purity Methylcyclopentene Production
Authors: Song Hua , Xu Hao , Li Zhaofei , Meng Shijun , Jarvis Jack
Published: December 2020

Cyclohexene skeletal isomerization was achieved under mild conditions over rationally designed zeolite-based catalysts with high selectivity towards methylcyclopentene and satisfactory stability for multiple runs. The favorable performance was investigated, which can be attributed to unique acidic, structural and morphologic features of optimized Co/NaUZSM-5 catalyst. Further experimental data suggested that carboncationic mechanism might be followed and the reaction mainly occurs within the internal pores of zeolite structures, which was also validated by DFT study.
Integrated Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolomics Reveals an Essential Role for Auxin in Hypocotyl Elongation During End-of-Day Far-Red Treatment of Cucurbita Moschata
Authors: Liu Qi , Zhang Hanqing , Mei Yanhao , Li Qi , Bai Yahui , Yu Huibin , Xu Xiaodong , Ma Jianxiang , Wu Yongjun , Yang Zhenchao
Published: December 2020

BackgroundLong, robust hypocotyls are important for facilitating greenhouse transplant production. Use of far-red light at the end of the day (end-of-day far-red, EOD-FR) is known to affect hypocotyl elongation. Auxin is an important regulator of plant growth and development, but its role and mechanism in EOD-FR-mediated hypocotyl elongation remain unclear. Here we combined transcriptome sequencing and metabolite profiling of pumpkin hypocotyls with related physiological experiments to provide insight into the mechanisms by which auxin affects the response to EOD-FR. ResultsAfter EOD-FR treatment, the length of pumpkin Hypocotyl and the IAA level of plant Hypocotyl were significantly promoted. When NPA was applied, the Hypocotyl elongation mediated by EOD-FR and the increase of IAA content were counteracted.At the same time, through the observation of Hypocotyl sections, we found that hypocotyl cells expanded significantly after EOD-FR treatment.After EOD-FR treatment, 2801 DEGs, were identified in hypocotyl, of which 31 DEGs related to auxin synthesis, transport and signal transduction and 25 cell wall protein genes were identified.Through the detection of metabolic group, it was found that the levels of tryptophan and indole in plant increased after EOD-FR treatment.All these indicate that auxin plays an essential role in EOD-FR-mediated hypocotyl elongation.Conclusions﻿We identified a large number of differentially expressed genes related to auxin synthesis, transport, and downstream response. We speculate that auxin is essential for pumpkin hypocotyl elongation mediated by EOD-FR, and that the synthesis of free IAA may be performed by the tryptophan-dependent TAA-YUC pathway. This study improves our understanding of auxin’s role in EOD-FR-mediated hypocotyl elongation.
Sight of parasitoid wasps accelerates sexual behavior and
upregulates a micropeptide gene in Drosophila
Authors: Ebrahim Shimaa , Talross Gaëlle , Carlson John R.
Published: December 2020

Parasitoid wasps inflict widespread death upon the insect world. Hundreds of thousands of parasitoid wasp species kill a vast range of insect species, and many such wasps are used globally to control insect pests. Insects have evolved defensive responses to the threat of wasps, some cellular and some behavioral. However, the nature of these responses and the mechanisms that underlie them await further exploration. Here we find an unexpected response of adult Drosophila to the presence of certain parasitoid wasps: accelerated mating behavior. Flies exposed to certain wasp species begin mating more quickly. The effect is mediated via changes in the behavior of the female fly and depends on visual perception. The sight of wasps induces the dramatic upregulation in the fly nervous system of a gene that encodes a 41-amino acid micropeptide. Mutational analysis reveals that the gene is essential to the behavioral response of the fly. Our work provides a foundation in a genetic model system for further exploration of how the activation of visual circuits by the sight of a parasitoid wasp alters both sexual behavior and gene expression.
Infectivity of Adult and Pediatric COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Kapmaz Mahir , Dogan Ozlem , Akturk Hacer , Ozer Berna , Nurtop Elif , Vatansever Cansel , Ozcan Gulin , Celikyurt Aydın , Khalilova Fidan , Okan Ayse , Incir Said , Sackesen Cansın , Ergonul Onder , Can Fusun
Published: December 2020

We report infectivity of adult and pediatric COVID-19 patients in presence of viral shedding and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response A total of 408 consequent samples from eleven adult and five pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. The samples every second day from saliva, nasopharynx, feces, serum, urine, tear were studied by RT-PCR and viral culture. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were measured. The median duration of RNA shedding in all specimens was 7(2-15) days in adults and 5(3-19) days in children. The median duration from onset of symptoms to admission was three days.The viral RNA was positive in 44.7 % of the nasopharynx and 37.6% of saliva samples up 16 days in adults and 19 days in chldren. The latest viral culture positivity was detected on day 8 of symptoms in nasopharynx. The viral RNA was found in 6.1% of feces, 4.4% ofserum, 4.3 % of tear, 2.9% of urine. The earliest seroconversion was the 7th day for adults and 8th day for children. Atthe 14th day, total antibody positivity was 78% in adults, and 80% in children. After seroconversion, the viral RNA was still detected in the nasopharynx and saliva of three patients, however, the infectious virus was not present. Earlier hospital admission could be associated with shorter SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding. The infectivity of patient is very low after 8 days of symptoms. The risk of fecal-oral transmission is very low, and strict hand hygiene measures could be preventive. The positive antibody test result could be used as a discharge criterion.
The Effects of Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain on the Risk of Preeclampsia at a Tertiary Referral Hospital, Northern Tanzania
Authors: Amagulu Nelago Tukondjeni , Mchome Bariki , Alloyce Julius Pius , Tobi Kingsly , Maro Eusebius
Published: December 2020

Background: Pre/eclampsia and other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy contributed to 18% of the maternal mortality reported in Northern Tanzanian. There is increasing prevalence of obesity in Tanzania which is related to excessive weight gain in pregnancy. Both high BMI and excessive gestation weight gain are identified to increase risk of PE and subtypes, however this is still inconclusive and little is known about the joint effect of pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG on risk of PE and its subtypes in Africa. We evaluated the independent and joint effects of pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG on the risk of pre-eclampsia and its subtypes among women who delivered at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC) from October 2018 to May 2019, Northern Tanzania.Methods: We performed a retrospective birth cohort study from October 2018 to May 2019 at KCMC, Tanzania. Pre-pregnancy BMI was categorized using WHO categories into Underweight (˂ 18.5kg/m²), Normal weight (18.5-24.9kg/m²), Overweight (25-29.9kg/m²) and Obese (≥ 30kg/m²). Gestational Weight Gain (GWG) was categorized using the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines into Inadequate, Adequate and Excessive weight gain in pregnancy. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for confounders using relative risk, 95% confidence interval for the risk ratios (RR) that did not cross 1 and p<0.05 were regarded statistically significant.Results: Among the 1309 women analysed, 5.3% were Underweight, 51.1% Normal weight, 26.9% Overweight and 16.7% were Obese. About 43.5% had excessive GWG. Women with PE were 9.5%. Both obesity and excessive GWG independently increased risk of PE with adjusted RR=2.42, 95%CI: 1.48-3.96 and RR=1.77, 95%CI: 1.16-2.69 when compared to normal BMI and adequate GWG respectively. Jointly, Obesity and Excessive GWG had the highest risk of PE (ARR=4.95, 95%CI: 2.21-11.10). The increased risk was similar for Mild PE (MPE), Severe PE or eclampsia (SP/E) and Late Onset PE (LOPE). No association was found for Early Onset PE (EOPE).Conclusion: Pre-pregnancy Obesity and Excessive GWG independently and jointly increases risk for PE and the risk varies by PE subtype.
Development of Multi-Concentration Ag:Cu Bimetallic Nanoparticles as a Promising Bactericidal for Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria as Per Molecular Docking Exploration
Authors: Mureed S. , Naz S. , Haider A. , Raza A. , Ul-Hamid A. , Haider J. , ikram muhammad , Ghaffar R. , Irshad M. , Ghaffar A. , Saeed A.
Published: December 2020

The present study is concerned with the influence of various concentrations of Ag within Cu:Ag bimetallic nanoparticles developed for use as a promising anti-bacterial agent against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Here, Cu:Ag bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) with various concentration ratios (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 wt.%) of Ag in fixed amount of Cu labeled as 1:0.025, 1:0.050, 1:0.075, and 1:0.1 were synthesized using co-precipitation method with ammonium hydroxide and deionized water as solvent, polyvinyl pyrrolidone as a capping agent, and sodium borohydride and ascorbic acid as reducing agents. These formulated products were characterized through a variety of techniques. XRD confirmed phase purity and detected the presence of distinct fcc structures belonging to Cu and Ag phases. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of vibrational modes corresponding to various functional groups and recorded characteristic peak emanating from the bimetallic. UV-visible spectroscopy revealed reduction in band gap with increasing Ag content. SEM and HR-TEM micrographs demonstrated spherical morphology of Ag-doped Cu bimetallic with small and large scale agglomerations. The samples exhibited varying dimensions and interlayer spacings. Bactericidal action of synthesized Cu:Ag bimetallic NPs depicted statistically significant (P < 0.05) inhibition zones recorded for various concentrations of Ag dopant against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) ranging from (0.85 – 2.8 mm), (0.55 – 1.95 mm) and (0.65 – 1.85 mm), respectively. Broadly, Cu:Ag bimetallic NPs were found to be more potent against gram-positive compared with gram-negative. Molecular docking study of Ag-Cu bimetallic NPs was performed against β-lactamase which is a key enzyme of cell wall biosynthetic pathway from both S. aureus (Binding score: -4.981 kcal/mol) and A. bauminnii (Binding score: -4.013 kcal/mol). Similarly, binding interaction analysis against FabI belonging to fatty acid biosynthetic pathway from A. bauminnii (Binding score: -3.385 kcal/mol) and S. aureus (Binding score: -3.012 kcal/mol) along with FabH from E. coli (Binding score: -4.372 kcal/mol) was undertaken. These theoretical computations indicate Cu-Ag bimetallic NPs as possible inhibitor of selected enzymes. It is suggested that exploring in vitro inhibition potential of these materials may open new avenues for antibiotic discovery.
Exosomes from Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing Stanniocalcin-1 Promote Reendothelialization after Carotid Endarterium Mechanical Injury
Authors: Liu Kun , Shi Huihua , Peng Zhiyou , Wu Xiaoyu , Li Weimin , Lu Xinwu
Published: December 2020

Background and objective: Endothelial cell inflammation caused by mechanical injury of endovascular treatment remains the major obstacle to reendothelialization, which leads to arterial restenosis. We investigated the reendothelialization effect of exosomes from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) overexpressing Stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1).Methods: Primary ADSCs were extracted from the adipose tissue of the inguinal area of C57/BL mice. ADSCs were transfected with lentivirus vectors containing STC-1. Exosomes were purified from culture medium using the Exo-Quick kit and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blot. PHK-26 as molecular probe was used to track the exosomes engulfed by mice arterial endothelial cells (MAEC). The role of STC-1-ADSC-Exosome (S-ADSC-Exo) in MAECs was verified through scratch test and tube forming experiment. Carotid endarterium mechanical injury was induced by insertion with a guidewire into the common carotid artery lumen. Exosomes were administered by tail vein injection. Content of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using commercial kits. Carotid arteries were harvested for histological examination, immunofluorescence staining, and Evan’s blue staining.Results: Transfection of STC-1 significantly enhanced STC-1 levels in ADSCs, their exosomes, and MAECs. Compared with the control group and the ADSC-Exo group, STC-1 enriched exosomes markedly enhanced STC-1 level, inhibited the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β in MAECs, exhibited good lateral migration capacity, and promoted angiogenesis. Exosome-pretreating groups exhibited lower levels of ROS than those of controls. In vivo administration of S-ADSC-Exo had reendothelialization effect on post-injury carotid endarterium as evidenced by thinner arterial wall, low-expressed NLRP3, and more living endothelial cells.Conclusions: The reendothelialization effect of exosomes from ADSCs on post-injury carotid endarterium can be enhanced by genetic modification to contain elevated STC-1.
Prediction of Ipsilateral Lateral Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Combined Dual-energy CT and Thyroid Functional Indicators Study
Authors: Zou Ying , Zhang Huanlei , Li Wenfei , Guo Yu , Sun Fang , Shi Yan , Gong Yan , Lu Xiudi , Wang Wei , Xia Shuang
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe prediction of ipsilateral lateral cervical lymph node metastasis (ipsi-LLNM) was crucial to the operation plan in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for ipsi-LLNM using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) and thyroid functional indicators in patients with PTC. MethodsThe medical records of 406 patients with a pathological diagnosis of PTC were retrospectively reviewed from Jan 2016 to Dec 2019. Demographic, clinical, pathological findings, and parameters from DECT were evaluated. Risk factors for ipsi-LLNM were explored by univariate and multivariate analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the cut-off value of each risk factor.ResultsTotally 406 patients with PTC were analyzed, including 128 with ipsi-LLNM and 278 without. There were statistical differences of parameters between the two groups (P < .0001), including serum Tg, Anti-Tg, Anti-TPO, the volume of the primary lesion, calcification, extrathyroidal extension (ETE), and iodine concentration (IC) in arterial and venous phases. Independent risk factors for ipsi-LLNM included serum Tg, Anti-Tg, ETE, and IC in arterial and venous phases (P < .05). Ipsi-LLNM was more likely to occur when the following conditions were met: with ETE, Tg > 100.01 ng/ml, Anti-Tg > 89.43 IU/ml, IC in arterial phase > 3.4 mg/ml and IC in venous phase > 3.1 mg/ml.ConclusionsApplication of DECT parameters and thyroid functional indicators can improve the diagnostic performance in the evaluation of ipsi-LLNM in patients with PTC.
Palestinian Patients With Cancer at the King Hussein Cancer Center
Authors: Mansour Razan , Amarin Justin Z. , Al-Hussaini Maysa , Mansour Asem
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE: The Palestinian Ministry of Health (MoH) routinely refers Palestinian patients with cancer to the King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), the largest cancer center in the Middle East. Our aim was to describe the characteristics of these patients.PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of all Palestinian patients with cancer who were treated at the KHCC during 2018 and 2019. We retrieved data from the Cancer Registry and described the demographic and clinical characteristics of the cohort.RESULTS: Out of 521 Palestinian patients, we excluded 41 patients who were misdiagnosed and included the remaining 480. Most patients were adults (n = 426, 88.8%). The most common cancer sites in men (n = 200) were the hematolymphoid system (n = 47, 23.5%), followed by the digestive system (n = 35, 17.5%), and lung and pleura (n = 23, 11.5%). In women (n = 226), the most common cancer sites were the breast (n = 104, 46.0%), followed by the digestive system (n = 34, 15.0%), and hematolymphoid system (n = 23, 10.2%). Children and adolescents accounted for 11.3% (n = 54) of the total cases. The hematolymphoid system was the most common cancer site (n = 27, 50%), followed by the brain (n = 8, 14.8%). More than a third of all patients presented with distant metastasis.CONCLUSION: The most common cancer sites in our cohort are generally similar to data from the Palestinian territories. Many patients presented with advanced-stage disease, which signals the need for awareness campaigns and screening programs. Cancer is misdiagnosed in many patients with benign tumors, which is a consequence of a shortage in specialists and limited diagnostic equipment.
WITHDRAWN: What Should Be the Determinant of Treatment for Juveniles with Flexible Flatfeet?
Authors: Zhai JunNa , Qiu YuSheng , Shao Lina
Published: December 2020

Background: It is still controversial that if juveniles with flexible flatfeet need to be treated. Some believed they did not need the treatment unless they felt pain after exercise. However, as living standards rise, the amount of exercise among teenagers is declining. The juveniles with flexible flatfeet don’t feel pain not because they don’t have symptoms, but because they rarely walk. This study recruited juveniles with flexible flatfoot to find out if there was other determinant of treatment. Methods: We recruited an experimental group with 20 severe flexible flatfeet and a control group with 20 severe flexible flatfeet. The contact area and load rate were measured separately. Then the subjects of experimental group were treated by exercise therapy for 8 weeks, and the plantar pressure data were measured again. The repeated measure was used to analyze the data. Results: The contact area and load rate of mid foot decreased significantly in experimental group after 8-week treatment. All the subjects of experimental group did not feel any uncomfortable during the treatment. While the two kinds of data in control group were not changed much between pre-after measurements. Conclusion: Exercise therapy could effectively improve the severe flexible flatfoot. If the juveniles with flexible flatfoot need the treatment should not depend on the symptoms only, but also on the severity. The juveniles with severe flexible flatfoot should be treated as soon as diagnosed.
Molecular and Functional Characterization of a Novel Plasmid-Borne blaNDM variant, blaAFM-1, in a Clinical Strain of Aeromonas Hydrophila
Authors: Lin Xi , Lu Junwan , Qian Changrui , Lin Hailong , Li Qiaoling , Zhang Xueya , Liu Hongmao , Sun Zhewei , Zhou Danying , Lu Wei , Zhu Mei , Zhang Hailin , Xu Teng , Li Kewei , Bao Qiyu , Lin Li
Published: December 2020

BackgroundAeromonas hydrophila is a zoonotic and human opportunistic pathogen. Increasing antibiotic resistance profiles have been discovered in both clinical and environmental A. hydrophila isolates in recent years. However, there are still very few in-depth studies regarding the role of plasmids in antibiotic resistance of A. hydrophila. Hence, we investigate the molecular characterization and functional characterization of a multidrug resistant plasmid which encoding a novel NDM variant, AFM-1, in clinical A. hydrophila SS332.MethodsThe minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 24 antibiotics for A. hydrophila SS332 were measured by the agar dilution method. The genome of A. hydrophila SS332 was sequenced with Pacific and Illumina platforms. Six plasmid-borne antimicrobial resistance genes were chosen for cloning, including blaAFM-1, blaOXA-1, msr(E), mph(E), aac(6')-Ib10, and aph(3')-Ia. Phylogenetic analysis, amino acid sequence alignment, and comparative genomic analysis were performed to elucidate the active site requirements and genetic context of blaAFM-1 gene.ResultsA. hydrophila SS332 showed high levels of resistance to 15 antibiotics, especially those with MIC levels up to or higher than 1024 μg/mL, including ampicillin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, aztreonam, spectinomycin, roxithromycin. Six plasmid-borne resistance genes were verified to be functional in E. coli DH5α. The blaAFM-1 gene, a novel blaNDM variant, encodes a subclass B1 metallo-β-lactamase AFM-1 which shares 86% amino acid identity with NDM-1. AFM-1 showed resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems. Besides, blaAFM-1 gene was associated with three different novel ISCR19-like elements, designated ISCR19-1, ISCR19-2 and ∆ISCR19-3, which may be involved in the acquisition and mobilization of blaAFM-1 gene. Conclusions﻿Our investigation showed that plasmid-borne resistance genes played a major role in the resistance profiles of A. hydrophila SS332. A novel blaNDM variant, blaAFM-1, was verified to be functional and disseminated among different bacteria species mediated by novel ISCR19-like elements. The fact indicated that the risk of spread of novel resistance genes and novel ISCR elements.
Single-cell Sequencing-based Pre-implantation Genetic Testing-M (PGT-M) of the Heterozygous Mutations of PKD1 Gene
Authors: Li Na , Miao Cong Xiu , Bi HuiLing , Miao Hui , Li Dan , Li Min
Published: December 2020

Objectives: Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a common autosomal monogenic genetic disease. PKD1 mutation accounts for about 85% of ADPKD patients. Pre-implantation genetic testing-M (PGT-M for monogenic) is an important approach to prevent the transmission of genetic diseases from parents to the offspring. Design: In this study, We have identified the family linkage and mutation site in embryos with NGS-based SNP phasing and Sanger Sequencing.Methods: Multiple Annealing and Looping Based Amplification Cycles (MALBAC) method was employed to amplify the whole genome of trophoblast cells. Copy Number Variant (CNV), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were used to assess the embryo state. Results: In the eight embryos, Embryo 02 and Embryo 04 were removed from further analysis because of the Multiple chromosomes abnormal (2 of 8, 25%). Embryo 05, Embryo 06, Embryo 07, and Embryo 08 were judged as 46,XN,-15q(q23→qter,~31M,×1,mos*), 45,XN,-16(×1), 47,XN,+2(×3),-7p(pter→p14.3,~35M,×1,mos*), and 46,XN, +16(×3,mos*),-20p(pter→p11.23,~23M,×1,mos*),+22(×3,mos*), respectively (4 of 8, 50%). Meanwhile, Embryo 01 and Embryo 03 were judged as 46, XN (2 of 8, 25%). The results of SNP phasing and Sanger Sequencing suggested that Embryo 01 and Embryo 05 had none of PKD1 gene mutation. Limitations: Up to now, PGT-M is complicated and expensive. Meanwhile, PGT-M obtains the final diagnosis through invasive manipulation of embryos, which may bring adverse effects on offspringConclusion: NGS-based single-cell sequencing combined with CNV, Sanger Sequencing, and SNP phasing is a reliable testing system for PGT-M application. This work presented here would provide a detailed understanding of the NGS-based single-cell sequencing application in ADPKD.
Multidisciplinary Approach in COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Backward Path by an Expert Team
Authors: Calabrese Fiorella , Pezzuto Federica , Giraudo Chiara , Vedovelli Luca , Fortarezza Francesco , Vecchio Claudia del , Lunardi Francesca , Fraia Anna Sara , Cocconcelli Elisabetta , Vuljan Stefania Edith , Gregori Dario , Crisanti Andrea , Balestro Elisabetta , Spagnolo Paolo
Published: December 2020

Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a medical challenge worldwide. COVID-19 pneumonia is an extremely complex disease. The hypothesis of the study was that a multidisciplinary approach involving experienced specialists in diffuse parenchymal lung disease might improve the diagnosis of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.Methods: Two pulmonologists, two radiologists, and two pathologists reviewed 27 patients who died of severe COVID-19 pneumonia as the main diagnosis made by non-pulmonologists. To evaluate whether the contribution of specialists, individually and/or in combination, might modify the original diagnosis, a three-step virtual process was planned. Pulmonologists, radiologists and pathologists were asked to classify every case into four distinct levels of diagnostic certainty, based on clinical, radiological, and morphological/virologic data obtained from an autoptic lung sample, respectively. The whole lung examination was considered the gold standard for the final diagnosis. The probability of a correct diagnosis was calculated, and the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary diagnosis was obtained by comparing diagnoses made by experienced pulmonologists with those made by non-pulmonologists. Results: COVID-19 pneumonia was excluded in 2 cases (8%) and was a marginal feature in 3 cases (11%). The probability of a correct diagnosis increased strikingly from an undedicated clinician to an expert specialist, becoming progressively more accurate at different steps. Every single specialist made significantly more correct diagnoses than any non-pulmonologist. The highest level of accuracy was achieved by the combination of 3 expert specialists.Conclusions: In summary, the dynamic interaction between expert specialists significantly improves the diagnostic confidence and management of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Measuring Energy Availability and Energy Conservation in Endurance Athletes in the Pre-Race Period
Authors: Jurov Iva , Keay Nicola , Hadžić Vedran , Spudić Darjan , Rauter Samo
Published: December 2020

Background: Low energy availability in male athletes has gained a lot of attention in the last years, but direct evidence of its effects on health and performance is lacking. Aim of this research was to objectively measure energy availability (EA) in healthy male endurance athletes without pre-existing relative energy deficiency signs during pre-race season. Methods: 12 trained endurance athletes (performance level 3, 4 and 5) participated in the cross-sectional controlled laboratory study. Fat free mass, exercise energy expenditure and energy intake were measured to calculate EA. Resting energy expenditure was measured and estimated to assess energy conservation. Three specific performance tests were used to assess endurance, agility and explosive strength performance. For psychological evaluation, the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire and a short Well-being questionnaire were completed.Results: Mean EA was 29.5 kcal/kg FFM/day. The majority (66.6%) had EA under the threshold for low EA in females. Critical cognitive restriction (≥13) was reported by 75% of participants. There were no differences in performance, blood values or psychological evaluation when subjects were divided into two groups divided by EA=30kcal/kg FFM/day. Cognitive restriction was negatively associated with measured resting energy expenditure and energy conservation (r=-.578, p=.025 and r=-.549, p=.032, respectively).Conclusions: The mean EA measured in this study supports the theory that the threshold for low EA in endurance male athletes might be under the threshold for females. In addition, we confirmed cognitive restriction could be useful for early detection of energy conservation. The high cognitive restriction as measured in our sample stressed the need of eating behavior screening in endurance athletes in order to reduce risk of any disordered eating patterns.
Farmers’ Perceptions of Navy Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Production Constraints, Preferred Traits, Farming Systems and Their Implications on Bean Breeding: A Case Study from South East Lowveld Region of Zimbabwe
Authors: Mutari Bruce , Sibiya Julia , Nchanji Eileen Bongweh , Simango Kennedy , Gasura Edmore
Published: December 2020

Background: Navy bean is an important legume crop in Zimbabwe. Its production is limited by multiple constraints including biotic, abiotic and socio-economic. However, there is no documented participatory research on production status, biotic stress management strategies, farmers’ perceived production, and marketing constraints, and cultivar trait preferences among the major navy bean growing regions. Thus, this study aimed at identifying farmers’ production constraints, preferred traits and cultivars of navy bean, and strategies used to mitigate some of these constraints.Methods: A Participatory Rural Appraisal approach involving transect walks, focus group discussions (FGDs), and formal surveys with semi-structured questionnaires was conducted in four villages of the Lowveld region of Zimbabwe. In each of the four villages, two FGDs (one for men and one for women) were conducted. A total of 176 (75 males and 101 females) navy bean growing households were interviewed. Data from household interviews and FGDs was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists computer package.Results: The most important constraints to navy bean production were drought stress (Females – 86 %, Males – 73 %), heat stress (Females – 58 %, Males – 55 %), load shedding (Females – 46 %, Males – 54 %), poor soil fertility (Females – 32 %; Males – 33 %) and susceptibility to pod shattering (Females – 32 %, Males – 43 %). Mitigation strategies included mulching (18 %), ridges (12 %), reduced acreage (11 %), and cultivating to retain more soil moisture (11 %) for drought stress, while irrigating at night (32 %), and adjusting planting dates (29 %) were used to manage heat stress. Farmer-preferred traits included tolerance to drought and heat, early maturing varieties and disease resistance. Marketing constraints included non-payment for produce in hard currency, lack of diversity in terms of off-takers, high inflation, low grain producer price, delayed payment and breach of contract by contractors. Conclusion: There will be increased adoption of improved navy bean cultivars if breeding programs address the aforementioned constraints and consider farmer-preferred traits when developing new cultivars. Breeders should work closely with extension officers to ensure that cultivars released are cultivated with appropriate agronomic packages for increased productivity and high adoption.