bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected men who have sex with men: sustained rising incidence in Antwerp, Belgium, 2001–2009
Authors: Bottieau E , Apers L , Van Esbroeck M , Vandenbruaene M , Florence E
Published: March 2021

During the last decade, outbreaks of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been reported among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) in several European countries. To study this emerging infection in MSM in Antwerp, Belgium, we reviewed all cases of newly acquired HCV infection in HIV-positive MSM followed from 2001 to 2009 at the HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) reference clinic of the Institute of Tropical Medicine in Antwerp. Newly acquired HCV infection was considered as certain or probable according to local definitions. During the study period, 69 episodes of newly acquired HCV infection (40 certain and 29 probable) were diagnosed in 67 HIV-infected MSM. In only 10 episodes (14%) were the patients symptomatic. The annual incidence of HCV infection in our population of HIV-infected MSM rose steadily from 0.2% in 2001 to 1.51% in 2008, and then peaked to 2.9% in 2009. For 60 episodes (87%), another STI (mainly syphilis and lymphogranuloma venereum) had been diagnosed within the six months before the diagnosis of HCV infection. All but one patient with available genotyping (n=54) were found to be infected with the difficult-to-treat HCV genotypes 1 or 4. Our results therefore demonstrate the rising incidence of HCV infection in HIV-positive MSM in Antwerp, since 2001, which reached an alarming level in 2009. Targeted awareness campaigns and routine screening are urgently needed to limit further HCV spread and its expected long-term consequences.
Decrease in number of genital chlamydia cases in Norrbotten, Sweden, October – November 2009: an indirect effect of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)?
Authors: Österlund A
Published: March 2021

A sudden reduction in the number of reported genital chlamydia cases was observed in Norrbotten County, Sweden, during October to November 2009. After exploring other possibilities, such as a reduction in the number of chlamydia tests analysed or a new Chlamydia trachomatis variant that had been undetected in standard laboratory tests, it was found likely that the decrease was an indirect effect of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic due to reduced social interactions among young adults.
Introduction and control of three invasive mosquito species in the Netherlands, July-October 2010
Authors: Scholte E J , Den Hartog W , Dik M , Schoelitsz B , Brooks M , Schaffner F , Foussadier R , Braks M , Beeuwkes J
Published: March 2021

In July 2010, during routine mosquito surveillance inspections at companies that import used tires, three invasive species were found at five locations in the Netherlands: the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti), the Asian tiger mosquito (Ae. albopictus), and the American rock-pool mosquito (Ae. atropalpus). This is the first time that Ae. aegypti is reported from the Netherlands. Mosquito control was initiated one week after the first invasive mosquito was found, using adulticides and larvicides. The available data suggest that the implemented control measures have been effective for this season.
Group A streptococcal infections during the seasonal influenza outbreak 2010/11 in South East England
Authors: Scaber J , Saeed S , Ihekweazu C , Efstratiou A , McCarthy N , O’Moore É
Published: March 2021

We present a series of 19 cases of invasive Group A streptococcal (iGAS) infection reported to the Thames Valley Health Protection Unit from 1 December 2010 to 15 January 2011. Ten patients died and a prodrome of influenza-like illness was reported in 14 cases. Influenza B co-infection was confirmed in four cases, three of which were fatal. Our report provides further evidence that influenza B co-infection with iGAS has the potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality.
Rapid increase of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in a large Italian hospital: surveillance period 1 March – 30 September 2010
Authors: Gaibani P , Ambretti S , Berlingeri A , Gelsomino F , Bielli A , Landini M P , Sambri V
Published: March 2021

The first case of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Italy was reported in 2009. We performed a study over a period of seven months in 2010 to survey the circulation of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPC) in a 1,500-bed university hospital in northern Italy and report the presence and rapid increase of these multidrug-resistant bacteria. The results raise a major concern about these pathogens and demonstrate the urgent need for infection control and antibiotic stewardship programmes.
Evaluation of syndromic surveillance in the Netherlands: its added value and recommendations for implementation
Authors: van den Wijngaard C C , van Pelt W , Nagelkerke N J , Kretzschmar M , Koopmans M P
Published: March 2021

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Marking 15 years of efforts towards a comprehensive European TB surveillance system: the epidemiological situation of TB in the EU/EEA in 2009
Authors: Hollo V , Zucs P , Ködmön C , Sandgren A , Manissero D
Published: March 2021

Efforts have been ongoing since 1996 to strengthen tuberculosis (TB) surveillance in Europe, starting with the launch of the EuroTB initiative. We present TB surveillance data for the Member States of the European Union (EU) and of the European Economic Area (EEA) for the latest reporting year (2009), highlighting key areas of epidemiological and programmatic focus. Despite a sustained decline of TB notifications at EU/EEA level, several aspects of TB control can still be improved.
Gonorrhoea treatment failures to cefixime and azithromycin in England, 2010
Authors: Ison C A , Hussey J , Sankar K N , Evans J , Alexander S
Published: March 2021

Successful treatment of gonorrhoea is the mainstay of public health control. Cefixime and ceftriaxone, highly active third generation cephalosporins, are today the recommended first-line agents in most countries and azithromycin is a second-line agent. However, there is increasing evidence of decreasing susceptibility and emergence of therapeutic failures. In this report two cases of clinical failure to cefixime are described, one of which additionally shows failure to azithromycin and selection of a less susceptible strain during treatment.
An outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium traced back to salami, Denmark, April to June 2010
Authors: Kuhn K G , Torpdahl M , Frank C , Sigsgaard K , Ethelberg S
Published: March 2021

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Long term trends introduce a potential bias when evaluating the impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccination programme in England and Wales
Authors: Flasche S , Slack M , Miller E
Published: March 2021

A pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced into the United Kingdom's childhood immunisation schedule in September 2006. Evaluation of its impact on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) as assessed by routine reports of laboratory-confirmed cases should take into account possible long-term trends due to factors like changes in case ascertainment. To this end, we compared pre-PCV7 trends in reported IPD incidence in England and Wales identified by blood culture with those for two other bacteraemias, Escherichia coli and non -pyogenic streptococci, for which there has not been any public health intervention. While no trend was detected in the age group 65 years and older, there was an annual increase of 3% and 11% in those aged under five years and between five and 64 years, respectively, which was similar for IPD and the other two pathogens. After PCV7 introduction, a continuing trend was only found for non-pyogenic streptococci in under five year-olds. These trends in the incidence for bacteraemias for which there has been no intervention could suggest that there have been changes in case ascertainment because of increased reporting or blood culturing. Accounting for them will improve the evaluation of the impact of PCV7 on IPD.
Toxin producing Vibrio cholerae O75 outbreak, United States, March to April 2011
Authors: Onifade TJ M , Hutchinson R , Van Zile K , Bodager D , Baker R , Blackmore C
Published: March 2021

The Florida Department of Health, Florida, United States, is investigating a Vibrio cholerae O75 outbreak. Ten cases with disease onsets from 23 March to 13 April 2011, presented with gastrointestinal symptoms of diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, cramps, chills, and/or fever, after consuming raw or lightly cooked oysters harvested from Apalachicola Bay, Florida. Symptoms were milder than those during outbreaks of epidemic (serogroup O1 and O139) Vibrio cholerae; no case required rehydration treatment or hospitalisation.
False-negative results using Neisseria gonorrhoeae porA pseudogene PCR - a clinical gonococcal isolate with an N. meningitidis porA sequence, Australia, March 2011
Authors: Whiley D M , Limnios A , Moon N J , Gehrig N , Goire N , Hogan T , Lam A , Jacob K , Lambert S B , Nissen M D , Sloots T P
Published: March 2021

The gonococcal porA pseudogene is a popular target for in-house Neisseria gonorrhoeae PCR methods. With this study we present two novel findings: the first case of an N. gonorrhoeae porA pseudogene PCR false-negative result caused by sequence variation, and in the same organism, the first description of a clinical N. gonorrhoeae strain harbouring an N. meningitidis porA sequence.
Increased detection in Australia and Singapore of a novel influenza A(H1N1)2009 variant with reduced oseltamivir and zanamivir sensitivity due to a S247N neuraminidase mutation
Authors: Hurt A C , Lee R T , Leang S K , Cui L , Deng Y M , Phuah S P , Caldwell N , Freeman K , Komadina N , Smith D , Speers D , Kelso A , Lin R T , Maurer-Stroh S , Barr I G
Published: March 2021

A novel influenza A(H1N1)2009 variant with mildly reduced oseltamivir and zanamivir sensitivity has been detected in more than 10% of community specimens in Singapore and more than 30% of samples from northern Australia during the early months of 2011. The variant, which has also been detected in other regions of the Asia-Pacific, contains a S247N neuraminidase mutation. When combined with the H275Y mutation, as detected in an oseltamivir-treated patient, the dual S247N+H275Y mutant had extremely high oseltamivir resistance.
Surveillance of West Nile Virus Disease, Tel Aviv District, Israel, 2005 to 2010
Authors: Kopel E , Amitai Z , Bin H , Shulman L M , Mendelson E , Sheffer R
Published: March 2021

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Seroprevalence to cytomegalovirus in the Portuguese population, 2002-2003
Authors: Lopo S , Vinagre E , Palminha P , Paixão M T , Nogueira P , Freitas M G
Published: March 2021

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Epidemiology, surveillance and control of infectious diseases in the European overseas countries and territories, 2011
Authors: Jones J , Gastellu-Etchegorry M , Stenz F K , Baudon C , Bloem S J , Bondonneau M , Cohuet S , Diggle R , Ewing R W , Gerstenbluth I , Grangeon J P , Kumar Alla K , Lajoinie G , Tromp M , Tumahai T , Yvon J F , Swaan C M , Gossner C M
Published: March 2021

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Measles in Italy, July 2009 to September 2010
Authors: Filia A , Tavilla A , Bella A , Magurano F , Ansaldi F , Chironna M , Nicoletti L , Palù G , Iannazzo S , Declich S , Rota M C
Published: March 2021

Outbreaks of measles continue to occur in Italy, as in other European countries. We present here details of cases reported through the Italian enhanced measles surveillance system from July 2009 to September 2010. In total, 2,151 cases were reported, 42% (n=895) of which were laboratory confirmed. The median age of cases was 18 years and 1,709 of 1,856 cases (92%) were unvaccinated. Many cases with complications were reported (n=305), including three with encephalitis. A total of 652 of 1,822 cases (36%) were hospitalised. Molecular characterisation revealed circulation of a limited number of measles virus genotypes (D4, D8 and B3), which is consistent with the current epidemiology of the disease in Italy. A national measles elimination plan was approved in 2003 with the aim of interrupting endemic measles transmission by 2007. Since elimination was not achieved, the target date was recently moved to 2015. The emphasis of the new elimination plan, approved in March 2011, is on strengthening surveillance, implementing evidence based-interventions to increase measles-mumps-rubella vaccine uptake in children, adolescents and young adults, and implementing communication activities related to the vaccine. The strategies proposed by the plan should be implemented fully and appropriately by all regions in order to meet the elimination goal by 2015.
Surveillance of hospitalised patients with influenza-like illness during pandemic influenza A(H1N1) season in Sicily, April 2009 – December 2010
Authors: Tramuto F , Maida C M , Bonura F , Perna A M , Puzelli S , De Marco M A , Donatelli I , Aprea L , Firenze A , Arcadipane A , Palazzo U , Vitale F
Published: March 2021

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Vibrio alginolyticus-associated wound infection acquired in British waters, Guernsey, July 2011
Authors: Reilly G D , Reilly C A , Smith E G , Baker-Austin C
Published: March 2021

In July 2011, a Vibrio alginolyticus infection was diagnosed in a woman from Guernsey in the Channel Islands, British Isles after sea bathing and application of a natural seaweed dressing to a pre-existing leg wound. Microbiological investigation confirmed Vibrio in the wound and the species of seaweed used for the dressing. The washing of open wounds in seawater and use of unsterilised seaweed dressings should be discouraged, particularly in individuals with underlying risk conditions.
Two cases of infection with Bacillus anthracis, Romania, October 2011
Authors: Popescu R , Pistol A , Miltaru L , Caplan D , Cucuiu R , Popovici F
Published: March 2021

A cluster of two confirmed cases of anthrax were reported in October 2011 from a small village with a population of 3,400 people, in south-eastern Romania. One was a fatal case of cutaneous and anthrax meningoencephalitis, while the other had cutaneous anthrax. Both cases had been exposed to one Bacillus anthracis-infected cow via consumption of its meat or being involved in its slaughter.
Trends in HIV and hepatitis C virus infections among injecting drug users in Europe, 2005 to 2010
Authors: Wiessing L , Likatavicius G , Hedrich D , Guarita B , van de Laar M J , Vicente J
Published: March 2021

Data on newly diagnosed HIV infections and HIV prevalence in 2005 to 2010 suggest falling infection rates in injecting drug users (IDUs) in the European Union (EU). However, recent increases in HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection rates in IDUs suggest increasing injecting risks in some countries. The coverage of effective prevention measures has increased, but is still low in several countries. Overall the data suggest a continued risk of new outbreaks of HIV infection among IDUs.
Clinical Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolate with a N. meningitidis porA gene and no prolyliminopeptidase activity, Sweden, 2011 – danger of false-negative genetic and culture diagnostic results
Authors: Golparian D , Johansson E , Unemo M
Published: March 2021

We describe a Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain, found in Sweden in 2011, that harbours a N. meningitidis porA gene causing false-negative results in PCRs targeting the gonococcal porA pseudogene. Furthermore, the strain had no prolyliminopeptidase (PIP) activity that many commercial biochemical kits for species verification in culture rely on. Enhanced awareness of the spread of such strains and screening for them can be crucial.
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection in a German traveller returning from the Masai Mara area, Kenya, January 2012
Authors: Wolf T , Wichelhaus T , Göttig S , Kleine C , Brodt H R , Just-Nuebling G
Published: March 2021

In January 2012, a case of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) has been identified in Germany in a traveller returning from the Masai Mara area in Kenya. The 62-year-old man had travelled to the Masai Mara game park from 18 to 19 January 2012 and developed fever on 28 January. The infection with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense was confirmed by laboratory testing three days hereafter.
An outbreak of severe respiratory tract infection caused by human metapneumovirus in a residential care facility for elderly in Utrecht, the Netherlands, January to March 2010
Authors: te Wierik M J , Nguyen D T , Beersma M F , Thijsen S F , Heemstra K A
Published: March 2021

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Ongoing outbreak of Shigella flexneri serotype 3a in men who have sex with men in England and Wales, data from 2009–2011
Authors: Borg M L , Modi A , Tostmann A , Gobin M , Cartwright J , Quigley C , Crook P D , Boxall N , Paul J , Cheasty T , Gill N , Hughes G , Simms I , Oliver I
Published: March 2021

Diagnoses of Shigella flexneri in the United Kingdom (UK) are usually travel-related. However, since 2009, there has been an overall increase in UK-acquired cases. The Health Protection Agency has been investigating a national outbreak of S. flexneri detected in 2011 and which is still ongoing. Cases occurred mostly in men who have sex with men and were of serotype 3a. The investigation aimed at obtaining epidemiological data to inform targeted outbreak management and control.
Imported laryngeal and cutaneous diphtheria in tourists returning from western Africa to Sweden, March 2012
Authors: Lindhusen-Lindhé E , Dotevall L , Berglund M
Published: March 2021

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Infectious diseases among travellers and migrants in Europe, EuroTravNet 2010
Authors: Gautret P , Cramer J P , Field V , Caumes E , Jensenius M , Gkrania-Klotsas E , de Vries P J , Grobusch M P , Lopez-Velez R , Castelli F , Schlagenhauf P , Hervius Askling H , von Sonnenburg F , Lalloo D G , Loutan L , Rapp C , Basto F , Santos O’Connor F , Weld L , Parola P , for the EuroTravNet Network
Published: March 2021

To investigate trends in travel-associated morbidity with particular emphasis on emerging infections with the potential for introduction into Europe, diagnoses of 7,408 returning travellers presenting to 16 EuroTravNet sites in 2010 were compared with 2008 and 2009. A significant increase in reported Plasmodium falciparum malaria (n=393 (6% of all travel-related morbidity) vs. n=267 (4%) and 296 (5%); p<0.001), P. vivax malaria (n=53 (1%) vs. n=31 (0.5%) and 39 (1%); p=0.038) and dengue fever (n=327 (5%) vs. n=131 (2%) and 172 (2%); p<0.001) was observed. Giardia lamblia was identified in 16% of patients with acute diarrhoea, with no significant annual variation. The proportion of acute diarrhoea due to Campylobacter increased from 7% in 2008 to 12% in 2010 (p=0.002). We recorded 121 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in 2010, a three-fold increase in the proportionate morbidity from 2008 to 2010. In 2010, 60 (0.8%) cases of chronic Chagas disease, 151 (2%) cases of schistosomiasis and 112 (2%) cases of cutaneous larva migrans were reported. Illness patterns in sentinel travellers, captured by EuroTravnet, continue to highlight the potential role of travellers in the emergence of infectious diseases of public health concern in Europe and the relevance of offering medical travel advice and enforcing specific and adequate prophylaxis.*
An ongoing large outbreak of measles in Merseyside, England, January to June 2012
Authors: Vivancos R , Keenan A , Farmer S , Atkinson J , Coffey E , Dardamissis E , Dillon J , Drew R J , Fallon M , Huyton R , Jarvis R , Marsh G , Mason R , Shryane T , Stewart A , Ghebrehewet S
Published: March 2021

From 1 January to 30 June 2012, 359 confirmed and 157 probable cases of measles were reported in Merseyside, England. The most affected age groups were children under five years and young adults from 15 years of age. Most cases have been sporadic. There have been few outbreaks in nurseries; however, no outbreaks have been reported in schools. Of the cases eligible for vaccination, only 3% of the confirmed cases were fully immunised.
Carbapenem non-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae from Micronet network hospitals, Italy, 2009 to 2012
Authors: Sisto A , D'Ancona F , Meledandri M , Pantosti A , Rossolini G M , Raglio A , Serra R , Dematte L , Aiello E , Goglio A , Micronet network participants Collective
Published: March 2021

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae has recently been reported as a new, multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen in several hospitals from various Italian regions. Through Micronet, a new Italian sentinel laboratory-based surveillance network, we studied the trend of non-susceptibility of K. pneumoniae to selected carbapenems (imipenem and/or meropenem) in 14 of the 15 hospitals participating in the network. Analysis of data from 1 January 2009 to 30 April 2012 revealed a statistically significant increasing trend (p<0.01) in the proportion of carbapenem non-susceptible K. pneumoniae isolates from clinical specimens (from 2.2 % in 2009 to 19.4% in 2012). The increase in the proportion of non-susceptibility was very large for isolates from the respiratory tract (from 5.3% in 2009 to 38.5% in 2012) and blood (from 5.4% in 2009 to 29.2% in 2012). The results demonstrate the urgent need in Italy for infection control, guidelines, antibiotic stewardship programmes and utilisation of surveillance systems, such as Micronet, which are capable of receiving data from hospitals in real time for many pathogens and types of clinical specimens.
Prevalence and determinants associated with healthcare-associated infections in long-term care facilities (HALT) in the Netherlands, May to June 2010
Authors: Eilers R , Veldman-Ariesen M J , Haenen A , van Benthem B H
Published: March 2021

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Evidence for airborne infectious disease transmission in public ground transport – a literature review
Authors: Mohr O , Askar M , Schink S , Eckmanns T , Krause G , Poggensee G
Published: March 2021

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Epidemiological and microbiological investigation of a large outbreak of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium 4,5,12:i:- in schools associated with imported beef in Poitiers, France, October 2010
Authors: Raguenaud M E , Le Hello S , Salah S , Weill F  X , Brisabois A , Delmas G , Germonneau P
Published: March 2021

An outbreak due to the emerging monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium 4,5,12:i:- occurred in four schools in Poitiers in October 2010. Food trace-back investigation led to the identification of beef burgers as the cause of the outbreak and their subsequent withdrawal. The Institute for Public Health Surveillance conducted a retrospective epidemiological investigation to assess the extent of the outbreak and describe cases. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by students and personnel attending each of the four schools affected. Clinical cases were defined as anyone having eaten at the school when the beef burgers were served and reporting diarrhoea or fever with at least one digestive symptom (nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain), within five days after the incriminated school meal or with unknown date of onset within a 15-day period after the incriminated school meal. Of 1,559 persons exposed, 554 clinical cases were identified corresponding to an overall attack rate of 35.5%. Of 554 clinical cases, a total of 286 (53%) sought medical care and 31 (6%) were hospitalised for more than 24 hours. This multi-school outbreak is one of the biggest food-borne outbreaks of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium 4,5,12:i:- described in France. Prompt notification of cases and rapid identification and withdrawal of the incriminated batch of beef burgers was crucial to limit the extension of this outbreak.
Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus due to TR46/Y121F/T289A mutation emerging in Belgium, July 2012
Authors: Vermeulen E , Maertens J , Schoemans H , Lagrou K
Published: March 2021

A new azole resistance mechanism in Aspergillus fumigatus consisting of a TR46/Y121F/T289A alteration in the cyp51A gene was recently described in the Netherlands. Strains containing these mutations are associated with invasive infection and therapy failure. This communication describes the first case of fatal invasive aspergillosis caused by TR46/Y121F/T289A outside the Netherlands, in the neighboring country of Belgium, suggesting geographical spread. TR46/Y121F/T289A leads to a recognisable phenotypic susceptibility pattern which should trigger cyp51A genotyping to monitor further spread.
Large measles outbreak in Geneva, Switzerland, January to August 2011: descriptive epidemiology and demonstration of quarantine effectiveness
Authors: Delaporte E , Wyler Lazarevic C A , Iten A , Sudre P
Published: March 2021

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Pet rats as a source of hantavirus in England and Wales, 2013
Authors: Jameson L J , Taori S K , Atkinson B , Levick P , Featherstone C A , van der Burgt G , McCarthy N , Hart J , Osborne J C , Walsh A L , Brooks T J , Hewson R
Published: March 2021

We report the detection of a strain of Seoul hantavirus (SEOV) in pet rats in England and Wales. The discovery followed an investigation of a case of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Wales. Hantavirus RNA was detected via real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and classic RT-PCR in pet rats belonging to the patient. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the virus to be a SEOV that is similar, but not identical, to a previously reported United Kingdom strain from wild rats.
Tuberculosis diagnostic delay and therapy outcomes of non-national migrants in Tel Aviv, 1998-2008
Authors: Mor Z , Kolb H , Lidji M , Migliori G B , Leventhal A
Published: March 2021

Non-national migrants have limited access to medical therapy. This study compares diagnostic delay and treatment outcomes of non-insured non-national migrants (NINNM) with insured Israeli citizens (IC) in the Tel Aviv tuberculosis (TB) clinic between 1998 and 2008. Patient delay was the time from symptoms onset to doctor's visit, while system delay was measured from doctor visit to anti-TB therapy administration. We randomly sampled 222 NINNM and 265 IC. NINNM were younger than IC, had lower male to female ratio and fewer smoked. They had less drug/alcohol abuse, more cavitations on chest radiography, longer patient and shorter system delay. Mean patient and system delays of all patients were 25±14 and 79±42 days, respectively. In multivariate analysis, being NINNM, asymptomatic or smoking predicted longer patient delay, while being asymptomatic or having additional co-morbidity predicted longer system delay. Treatment success in sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB NINNM was 81% and 95.7% in IC (p=0.01). Treatment success was not associated with patient or system delay. In multivariate analysis, work security and treatment adherence predicted treatment success. NINNM had longer patient delay and worse therapy outcome, while IC had longer system delay. Both delays should be reduced. NINNM should be informed that TB therapy is free and unlinked with deportation.
Automated mortality monitoring in Scotland from 2009
Authors: Wagner A P , McKenzie E , Robertson C , McMenamin J , Reynolds A , Murdoch H
Published: March 2021

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Ongoing multi-strain food-borne hepatitis A outbreak with frozen berries as suspected vehicle: four Nordic countries affected, October 2012 to April 2013
Authors: Gillesberg Lassen S , Soborg B , Midgley S  E , Steens A , Vold L , Stene-Johansen K , Rimhanen-Finne R , Kontio M , Löfdahl M , Sundqvist L , Edelstein M , Jensen T , Vestergaard H T , Fischer T K , Mølbak K , Ethelberg S
Published: March 2021

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Outbreak of listerosis due to imported cooked ham, Switzerland 2011
Authors: Hächler H , Marti G , Giannini P , Lehner A , Jost M , Beck J , Weiss F , Bally B , Jermini M , Stephan R , Baumgartner A
Published: March 2021

From 24 April to 31 July 2011, nine cases of listeriosis were registered in the cantons of Aargau, Basel-Land and Zurich, Switzerland. In six of the cases, infection with Listeria monocytogenes was laboratory confirmed, while three remained suspected cases. The suspected cases were family members of confirmed cases with identical or similar symptoms. All confirmed cases were infected with a L. monocytogenes strain belonging to serovar 1/2a: all had an indistinguishable pulsotype by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The same strain was detected in samples of cooked ham that were on sale from a particular retailer. Two samples of ham tested contained 470 and 4,800 colony-forming units (CFU) L. monocytogenes per gram respectively. Data of shopper cards from two confirmed cases could be evaluated: both cases had purchased the contaminated ham. The outbreak initiated a product recall and alert actions at national and European level, through the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). Following the RASFF alert, the company producing the contaminated ham was inspected by the responsible authorities. Their investigations showed that the ham was not contaminated in the production plant, but in the premises of a company to which slicing and packing was outsourced.
Poultry Farmers’ Training Needs Analysis in Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: OGHENERO Ovharhe , UHUNMWANGHO Edith , YARHERE Elizabeth , OKPARA Oghenesuvwe
Published: March 2021

This study assessed the training needs poultry farmers in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. The objectives were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the poultry farmers, examine the perceived training needs of the poultry farmers, ascertain the sources of information to poultry farmers, determine the sources of assistance to poultry farmers and identify the constraints to the training of poultry farmers. A quota sampling technique was used to select 84 respondents. The study results revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 33years and more of the respondents were male. More of the respondents were married and had an average household of 6 persons. The respondents were educated up to the secondary education level with a mean farming experience of 8 years and extension visits were annual. This study unveiled that respondents lacked competence among others in feed formulation (85.7%) and medication provision (76.2%). The majority of the poultry farmers possess a high level of awareness from cooperative society (75%) as the highest source of information while few of them possess low-level awareness from extension workers (47.6%). Self- help (mean = 3.26) was the highest source of assistance to the poultry farmers. The constraints such as inadequate farming fund (mean = 3.19), inadequate training provision (mean = 3.10) and inadequate input support (mean = 3.08) were considered to be the most serious. It was recommended that extension workers should be ready to make themselves available to farmers monthly.
Induksi Pembentukan Gaharu Menggunakan Berbagai Media Tanam dan Cendawan Acremonium sp. dan Fusarium sp. Pada Aquilaria crassna
Authors: . TRIADIATI , CAROLINA DIANA AGUSTIN , . MIFTAHUDIN
Published: March 2021

Aquilaria crassna is one of the Aquilaria species that could produce agarwood. agarwood production of A. crassna can be induced by microfungi as an inoculant. Ecological interaction between the host plant, wounding and inoculant in the formation of agarwood has not yet clearly. other factors like the plant ages, plant species, environ- ment also played important roles in the formation of agarwood. This research aimed to determine the influence of the combination between planting media and Acremonium sp. and Fusarium sp. to agarwood quality of Aquilaria crassna. The experiment was consisted of two factors, which were five planting media and two inoculants fungi i.e. Acremonium sp. and Fusarium sp. The observed parameters were the percentage of senescence leaves, color of wood, level of fragrant and terpenoid content. The best agarwood fragrant was produced by the seedlings that were treated with either combination of husk charcoal media enriched with NPK fertilizer and Acremonium sp. or the combina- tion between husk charcoal media enriched with Hoagland modified solution and Fusarium sp.. The darkest color of wood was produced by the seedlings that were treated with combination of husk charcoal media enriched with NPK fertilizer and Acremonium sp., as well as for the same media with Fusarium sp.. during the experiment terpenoid could not be detected from the treated seedlings. Acremonium sp. caused more leave senescence than that of Fusarium sp..
Faktor Pencetus Kejadian Alergi Pernapasan Pada Pasien Dewasa Di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo
Authors: KURNIA FITHRIYAH NUR , HARTANA ALEX , RENGGANIS IRIS
Published: March 2021

Allergy is a hypersensitive reaction in human due to human body produced IgE antibody more than regullary do as a response to the presence of allergens. Asthma and rhinitis are respiratory allergies, could be caused by genetics and environmental factors. The objectives of this study was to analyze the trigger factors of asthma and rhinitis patients at the Allergy-Immunology Polyclinic, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Center General Hospital, Jakarta. The skin test using grass mix pollen, cat, dog, cockroach, and dust mites allergens were done to 90 respiratory allergy patients. History of respiratory allergy from their parents, and environmental factors such as pets, cigarette smoke, and emotional state were asked and recorded. The patients mostly women, and most respiratory allergy patients could be detected by skin test using dust mites allergens, however, their reaction did not the same for other allergens. More than 50% patients of respiratory allergy have atopy from their parents, for most of patients, their emotional state and cigarette smoke in house could trigger the symptom of respiratory allergy.
The use of specialised Sheff-Vax ACF supplements for ВНК-21/SUSP/ARRIAH cell cultivation and FMDV reproduction
Authors: Guseva M. S. , Doronin M. I. , Shishkova A. A. , Mikhalishin D. V. , Shevchenko M. A. , Manin B. L.
Published: March 2021

Compliance with the existing purity and safety requirements for immunobiologicals can be effectively achieved by the use of serum-free nutrient media and specialised supplements of non-animal origin. The paper shows the possibility of using Sheff-Vax ACF® supplements (Kerry, Inc., Ireland) for ВНК-21/SUSP/ARRIAH cell cultivation and FMDV reproduction. By passage 7, cell concentration and growth rate with Sheff-Vax Plus PF ACF were found to be 40–60% higher than with Sheff- Vax PF ACF and Sheff-Vax Plus ACF. No differences were observed as regards changes in pH. During FMDV reproduction in the cells, it was found that the number of 146+75S components in the test samples containing 1 million cells was 2.3–2.4 higher compared to the controls. Cells cultured with the use of Sheff-Vax Plus PF ACF supplement had normal morphology and multiple dynamic protrusions. In the presence of this supplement, growth rate and suspension concentration in the test and control samples became equal by passage 7. The number of immunogenic components of FMDV reproduced in the cells grown using Sheff-Vax Plus PF ACF was 20–30% higher than in the cells grown using other supplements. ВНК-21/SUSP/ARRIAH cell concentration and growth rate in the presence of specialised supplements were found to be lower than those in the control samples with serum and blood protein hydrolysate added to the nutrient medium. The virus yield from 1 million cells was higher in the culture grown using Sheff-Vax ACF supplements. Sheff-Vax Plus PF ACF was found to be the most suitable for ВНК-21/SUSP/ARRIAH cell cultivation and FMDV reproduction in the said cells out of the three tested supplements.
Epidemic situation of cestodiasis in domestic reindeer on reindeer farms in the Murmansk Oblast
Authors: Pochepko R. A. , Kartashova A. P. , Lavikainen A. , Malkamäki S.
Published: March 2021

The paper presents the results of the cestodiasis epidemic situation in domestic reindeer in the farms of the Murmansk Oblast. The studies were performed in 2018–2019 during the routine slaughter of reindeer at slaughter houses APC “Tundra” and APC HFE SEN “Olenevod” located in settlements Lovozero, Krasnoschelye, and Sosnovka. Totally 4,048 carcasses of domestic reindeer were tested, 2,812 out of them – in Lovozero, 396 – in Sosnovka, and 840 – in Krasnoschelye. During the meat inspection the parenchymal organs were examined for cestode cysts. When detected they were sampled and gross specimens were prepared using standard parasitological methods. 56 samples of internal organs of deer suspected in tapeworm infestation were collected from the inspected carcasses, in 25 of them tapeworms were detected and in the rest of the samples parasites were not detected. The tapeworm species were determined at the Department of Veterinary Biosiences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki. The test performed revealed echinococcosis (Echinococcus canadensis) and cysticercosis (Taenia hydatigena). Most lesions were detected in liver where the agent’s larvae cysts are observed. It was established that the level of domestic reindeer infestation with the agents of cysticercosis in APC “Tundra” was 0.5%, echinococcosis – 0.04%, in APC HFE SEN “Olenevod” cysticercosis was diagnosed in 0.81% cases, echinococcosis was not detected. On the whole 0.62% of reindeer on reindeer farms were infested with cestodes. Measures taken for prevention of helminth infestation in domestic and farm animals bear good results.
Review article: key aspects of mammal microbiome development
Authors: Semenova E. V. , Manzhurina O. A. , Parkhomenko Yu. S.
Published: March 2021

This review article summarizes current understanding of the microbiota development in neonatal mammals based on the results of modern experimental studies in animals focusing on three aspects: initial colonization, microbiota effect on the immune function of the developing newborn animal intestine and external factors influencing the microbiome shaping during the juvenile period. The presented study results confirm that the microbial landscape correction is the most important factor for animal health improvement since healthy microflora contributes to the intestinal infection frequency and intensity reduction, and this, in turn, minimizes the use of antibiotics. The microbiome is known to have an impact on the immune system development, metabolic processes and even on the ethology, so an atypical microbial population can cause immune and metabolic disorders. The active interaction between microorganisms and the host organism begins already at birth. Even different modes of delivery (caesarean or vaginal delivery) may determine the initial colonization of the newborn. The animal genetics, nutrition and environment also influence the intestinal microbiota development. In this regard, further studies of probiotics are important to understand their efficacy for diarrhea prevention and treatment, their use as an alternative to antibiotics as well as for enhancement of the animal resistance to stress factors.
OIE and FAO join forces to counter ASF
Authors: Lebedev N. V. , Igolkin A. S. , Gruzdev K. N.
Published: March 2021

African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious disease of domestic and wild pigs, which went beyond its natural range (African continent) in the XXI century and since 2007 (emergence in Georgia) has spread to many European and Asia-Pacific countries. According to the immediate notifications and follow-up reports, by early 2021 Europe accounted for about 68% of globally reported outbreaks. However, the greatest losses in the pig industry were inflicted by the outbreak recorded in Asia in 2020, when 6,733,791 animals died that accounted to 82% of the total global losses due to ASF. Just after several years of the current ASF epizootic, without any vaccine or treatment available, it became clear that major problems for the pig industry (mostly for small farmers) as well as destabilization of the global market of pig products were unavoidable. In this regard, in 2014 (Bern, September 2014) a regional standing group of experts on African swine fever (SGE ASF) was established under FAO/OIE GF-TADs umbrella. The aim of the group is to foster closer collaboration between the affected countries, increase transparency and share experience in prevention and control. The work of the permanent expert ASF missions under the GF-TADs umbrella has proven effective and become a model for other regions. A similar group was established in Asia in April 2019 to counter rapid spread of the disease in the Asia-Pacific region, where more than 60% of the world’s pig population is concentrated, and a new permanent ASF expert group for the Americas is being considered. The many-year efforts resulted in the establishment of the FAO/OIE/GF-TADs platform as a progressive mechanism to combat such transboundary disease as African swine fever.
Penatalaksanaan Hiperurisemia Pada Penyakit Ginjal Kronik (CKD)
Authors: Alatas Haidar
Published: March 2021

Management of hyperuricemia in CKD includes non pharmacology and pharmacology. Non-pharmacological with lifestyle change interventions such as exercise, weight loss, low purine meat consumption, avoid high fructose, reduce alcohol and herbs. The treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia in CKD is still controversial. In Japan and Korea given uric acid-lowering drugs when the serum uric acid level (SUA)> 8 mg / dl but in America and Europe are not given drugs for fear of side effects. Soursop fruit consumption can be an alternative treatment for hyperuricemia in CKD both asymptomatic and symptomatic. The recommended drugs for hyperuricemia in CKD are allopurinol and febuxostat. Allopurinol is excreted through the kidneys so it is necessary to adjust the dose in CKD, starting from 50-100 mg / day, increasing it to 200-300 mg / day every 2-5 weeks until SUA <6 mg / dl. The dose may be> 300 mg / day if the patient is notified and the monitor may be toxic. In America, Europe and Japan recommend febuxostat only for the treatment of hyperuricemia.
La realidad aumentada como recurso didáctico para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del patrimonio histórico. El edifico del mosaico de los Amores del Conjunto Arqueológico de Cástulo (Linares, Jaén)
Authors: Martinez Carrillo Ana Luisa
Published: March 2021

La virtualización de los espacios arqueológicos ha constituido en las últimas décadas una vía eficaz para comprender y dar a conocer lugares históricos que han llegado hasta nuestros días en diferentes estados de conservación. En este artículo se muestra cómo la realidad aumentada puede contribuir a la contextualización y a la comprensión in situ de un edificio singular como es el que contiene el mosaico de los Amores del Conjunto Arqueológico de Cástulo (Linares, Jaén). Para ello se ha realizado un estudio de caso descriptivo y analítico de este edificio singular en el que se señala el potencial didáctico de esta tecnología para mejorar la comprensión de la interpretación histórica de un espacio desaparecido parcialmente.
KEPUASAN TERHADAP KOMPENSASI DAN KOMITMEN DOKTER DI RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Mulyana Mulyana
Published: March 2021

Abstrak

 

Setiap orang akan meminta kompensasi yang layak sesuai dengan pekerjaan yang dilakukannya maka semakin baik kinerja yang diberikan akan membuat mereka semakin layak mendapatkan kompensasi yang baik. Kompensasi gaji, kompensasi jasa medis dan kepuasan terhadap kompensasi menjadi salah satu hal yang dapat berdampak terhadap komitmen tenaga kesehatan terhadap rumah sakit. Komitmen dalam memberikan pelayanan merupakan hal yang perlu diperhatikan agar terciptanya mutu pelayanan yang baik di rumah sakit.

Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian observasional dengan design crossectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua dokter umum di Rumah Sakit Umum yang berjumlah 59 dokter. Sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik total Sampling. Penelitian dilakukan pada Januari 2018 hingga Maret 2019 menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari hasil wawancara langsung dengan responden menggunakan kuesioner.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas dokter umum memiliki kepuasan dalam kategori kurang puas terhadap gaji yang diberikan sebanyak 31 orang (52,5%) dan dokter dalam kategori sangat puas terhadap gaji yang diberikan sebanyak 28 orang (47,5%). Dokter umum menyatakan tidak puas terhadap pemberian insentif yang diberikan Rumah Sakit Umum sebanyak 59 orang (100%) dan tidak puas terhadap fasilitas pribadi sebanyak 59 orang (100%). Komitmen dokter terhadap pekerjaan di rumah sakit dalam kategori sedang yaitu sebanyak 40 orang (67,8%) sedangkan komitmen dokter dalam kategori tinggi sebanyak 19 orang (22%).

Dari hasil penelitian ini diharapkan pihak manjemen Rumah Sakit Umum untuk memberikan kompensasi yang lebih baik sesuai dengan harapan. Pihak dokter diharapkan mau menyampaikan harapan terkait kompensasi yang diinginkan agar keinginan dokter dapat dipenuhi oleh Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah terutama terkait kompensasi pemberian insentif dan fasilitas pribadi yang diasumsikan akan berdampak terhadap komitmen dokter terhadap rumah sakit.

 

Kata Kunci : Dokter, Komitmen, Kompensasi, Rumah Sakit
АНАЛІЗ ТЕНДЕНЦІЙ РОЗВИТКУ СИСТЕМИ ДЕРЖАВНО-ПРИВАТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА НА РИНКУ ПОСЛУГ АВТОМОБІЛЬНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ
Authors: Лапоног Даниїл В.
Published: March 2021

The article seeks to provide insights into contemporary research in public-private partnership development in the road transport market. The study reviews a range of world public-private partnership best practices which demonstrate that effective interaction between government and business at different levels (national, subnational and regional) allows to attract and allocate investment resources more effectively, thus contributing to creating new jobs, promoting better infrastructure development and enhancing the overall quality of life in the country. It is argued that among the key factors boosting the public-private partnership market development the most significant is the level of institutionalization. It is also asserted that this factor, in combination with the relevant political environment and the capital market specifics, facilitates building successful partnerships. Moreover, government initiatives together with legal and regulatory interaction frameworks shape solid foundation to encourage further public-private partnership development by gaining positive effects from successful implementation of such partnerships, designing roadmaps and unified standard procedures and processes aimed at simplifying the relationships between the private sector and the government. Apart from the above, it is highlighted that the institutional factor aligned with the government strategic goals affects the formation and legitimation of public-private partnership markets. The study also provides argument that through the models of public-private partnerships the public sector can benefit, in the first place by utilizing resources of private companies, thus fostering further infrastructure development and raising the effectiveness and efficiency of road transport services market. The findings reveal that the purpose of public-private partnership programs institutionalization in the sector of road transport services is to enhance government motivation to attract private investment and offer new road network services based on public-private partnership contracts which will contribute to ensure the quality of road services.