bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre‐impoundment fish migrations in the Mobile Basin, Alabama
Authors: Hershey Henry J. , Wright Russell A. , Williams James D. , O'Neil Patrick E. , DeVries Dennis R.
Published: February 2024

Assessing the status of several migratory fishes in the Mobile River Basin, Alabama, has been complicated due to a general lack of historical data on their life history, habitat requirements, and distributions. Whether distributions were restricted by natural or man‐made barriers to migration is difficult to answer because few scientific collections were made before dams were built, and the earliest dams were built at the largest biogeographic barrier in the basin: the geological fall line. Therefore, we used what information was available, including anecdotal information, primarily records from archived newspapers and government reports, to describe the ranges of six migratory species prior to the construction of dams in the Mobile Basin. We describe the complicated history of Alabama Shad Alosa alabamae and show that range declines may have been masked by the stocking of American Shad Alosa sapidissima in the late 19th century. We show that Gulf Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi probably migrated well above the fall line in the Coosa River, and may have been sympatric with Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. We found no records of Alabama Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus suttkusi above the fall line. American Eel Anguilla rostrata migrated above the fall line in every Mobile Basin river before dams were built. Finally, Paddlefish Polyodon spathula may have once occurred above the fall line in at least two rivers, but they persist today in impounded reaches in the coastal plain, unlike some other species. We hope that future work will continue to consider archival sources of information to re‐trace the histories of imperilled species.
A 1 billion euro mission: A Soil Deal for Europe
Authors: Panagos Panos , Borrelli Pasquale , Jones Arwyn , Robinson David A.
Published: February 2024

Soils have achieved prominence in the political agenda of the European Commission with the proposal for a Soil Monitoring Law and the ambitious Soil Mission research framework. The EU Soil Observatory (EUSO) used the latest state‐of‐the‐art pan‐European datasets to propose a preliminary assessment of soil health in the EU based on 18 soil degradation proxy indicators. The body of knowledge will soon be enriched thanks to the investment of 1 billion euros towards the Mission ‘A Soil Deal for Europe’, which has the ambition to promote the development of new harmonized bottom‐up and top‐down soil health indicators. New data and knowledge are also anticipated through the national soil monitoring schemes to support the implementation of the Soil Monitoring Law. We present the Soil Mission roadmap towards assessing and achieving soil health in the EU by 2030 to meet Green Deal objectives. We introduce the EUSO Soil Health Dashboard, a soil degradation indicator tool using soil health indicators developed by the European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC) (2012–2023) that will contribute to Soil Monitoring Law assessments.
Unusual combinations of neurodegenerative pathologies with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) complicates clinical prediction of CTE
Authors: Taghdiri Foad , Khodadadi Mozhgan , Sadia Nusrat , Mushtaque Asma , Scott Olivia F. T. , Hirsch‐Reinhagen Veronica , Tator Charles , Wennberg Richard , Kovacs Gabor G. , Tartaglia M. Carmela
Published: February 2024

Background and purpose

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) has gained widespread attention due to its association with multiple concussions and contact sports. However, CTE remains a postmortem diagnosis, and the link between clinical symptoms and CTE pathology is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the presence of copathologies and their impact on symptoms in former contact sports athletes.

Methods

This was a retrospective case series design of 12 consecutive cases of former contact sports athletes referred for autopsy. Analyses are descriptive and include clinical history as well as the pathological findings of the autopsied brains.

Results

All participants had a history of multiple concussions, and all but one had documented progressive cognitive, psychiatric, and/or motor symptoms. The results showed that 11 of the 12 participants had evidence of CTE in the brain, but also other copathologies, including different combinations of tauopathies, and other rare entities.

Conclusions

The heterogeneity of symptoms after repetitive head injuries and the diverse pathological combinations accompanying CTE complicate the prediction of CTE in clinical practice. It is prudent to consider the possibility of multiple copathologies when clinically assessing patients with repetitive head injuries, especially as they age, and attributing neurological or cognitive symptoms solely to presumptive CTE in elderly patients should be discouraged.
Hate speech detection: A comprehensive review of recent works
Authors: Gandhi Ankita , Ahir Param , Adhvaryu Kinjal , Shah Pooja , Lohiya Ritika , Cambria Erik , Poria Soujanya , Hussain Amir
Published: February 2024

There has been surge in the usage of Internet as well as social media platforms which has led to rise in online hate speech targeted on individual or group. In the recent years, hate speech has resulted in one of the challenging problems that can unfurl at a fast pace on digital platforms leading to various issues such as prejudice, violence and even genocide. Considering the acceptance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques in varied application domains, it would be intriguing to consider these techniques for automated hate speech detection. In literature, there have been efforts to recognize and categorize hate speech using varied Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques. Hence, considering the need and provocations for hate speech detection we aim to present a comprehensive review that discusses fundamental taxonomy as well as recent advances in the field of online hate speech identification. There is a significant amount of literature related to the initial phases of hate speech detection. The background section provides a detailed explanation of the previous research. The subsequent section that follows is dedicated to examining the recent literature published from the year 2020 onwards. The paper presents some of the hate speech datasets considered for hate speech detection. Furthermore, the paper discusses different data modalities, namely, textual hate speech detection, multi‐modal hate speech detection and multilingual hate speech detection. Apart from systematic review on hate speech detection, the paper also implement several multi‐label models to compare the performance of hate speech detection by employing classic ML technique namely, Logistic Regression and DL technique namely, Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) and a multiclass multi‐label architecture. In the implemented architecture, we have derived two new elements to quantify the hatefulness and intensity of hatred to improve the results for hate speech detection using Indonesian tweet dataset. Empirical Analysis of the model reveals that the implemented approach outperforms and is able to achieve improved results for the underlying dataset.
Can EFL teaching help revitalize the Aymara language and culture? Exploring EFL teachers' practices from Northern Chile
Authors: Riquelme‐Sanderson Michel , Ramos‐Leiva Lucía , González‐Estay Celia
Published: February 2024

Under the premise that revitalization can be attained through multi‐, inter‐, or transdisciplinary fields, this article posits that teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) can aid in revitalizing the Aymara, an indigenous community in Northern Chile, to avoid their cultural and linguistic extinction. This qualitative study explored how EFL teachers’ practices can contribute to revitalizing the Aymara culture and language in schools located in Northern Chile. Ten teachers participated in individual semi‐structured online synchronous interviews and a group interview. The findings revealed two types of practices: (a) non‐intercultural teaching practices that were mediated by personal, educational, and institutional factors, and (b) approximations of intercultural teaching practices where the teachers valued and included Aymara culture, yet they did not generate spaces for intercultural dialog in the classrooms. The study concludes that the approximations of intercultural teaching practices contribute to an initial stage in revitalizing indigenous languages and culture, an implication that should be considered valuable in teacher education programs and the EFL classroom.
Triumphs, trials and tomorrow in food security: an ASEAN outlook
Authors: Sundram Pushpanathan , Brennan Charles S.
Published: February 2024

The article explores the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) food security landscape amid challenges intensified by the COVID‐19 pandemic. It underscores the imperative of providing sufficient, affordable, and nutritious sustenance for the growing ASEAN population, advocating for an integrated and comprehensive approach. This approach addresses climate change impacts, prioritises investments in rural infrastructure and agricultural innovation, and champions sustainable, inclusive farming practices. The research emphasises the significance of collaborative efforts with international partners and other regional stakeholders to fortify ASEAN's food security initiatives. This collaborative model serves as an exemplar for other developing regions with significant agricultural sectors and rural populations. The pandemic has prompted governments and the private sector to collaborate and address multifaceted food security issues, revealing the need for collective regional action. ASEAN can leverage partnerships, knowledge exchange, and resource‐sharing to navigate and overcome food security challenges, catalysing regional and global solutions.
Compassion fatigue and the meaning in life as predictors of secondary traumatic stress in nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Koştu Nazan , İnci Fadime Hatice , Arslan Sümeyye
Published: February 2024

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the relationship among secondary traumatic stress, compassion fatigue, and meaning in life in nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Background

Changes in working conditions during the pandemic also changed the needs of nurses. In addition to physical health, the COVID‐19 pandemic led to many psychosocial health problems such as sleep disturbances, depression, and traumatic stress. This makes nurses vulnerable to psychological side effects of the pandemic.

Design

A cross‐sectional study was conducted.

Methods

This study was conducted with 166 nurses. Data were collected online at May–June 2021. A Personal Information Form, the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale, Compassion Fatigue Scale, and Meaning in Life Scale were used. The STROBE reporting checklist was followed.

Results

As secondary traumatic stress levels increase, compassion fatigue increases, meaning in life decreases, and the search for meaning in life increases.

Conclusion

Predictors of secondary traumatic stress were shown to be compassion fatigue, change in sleep habits, meaning in life, marital status, and having a chronic illness. This suggested that working during the pandemic posed significant risks in terms of manifesting negative consequences on mental health in the long term.
The Facilitative State and the Symbolic Potency of Mutual Obligation
Authors: Muetzelfeldt Michael
Published: February 2024

This paper discusses ambiguities of mutual obligation at the levels of: defining the new political middle ground, policies for dealing with non‐compliance, the analytical frames that are used to support it, and discourses of contract. It concludes by locating these ambiguities within the cultural anthropological notion of symbol. As a symbol, mutual obligation has the power to confound its critics — criticism of the notion and its inconsistent policy prescriptions is generally not assessed as right or wrong, but rather is rendered irrelevant.
Residual facial erythema in atopic dermatitis patients treated with dupilumab stratified by machine learning
Authors: Ashizaki Koichi , Ishikawa Tetsuo , Nomura Yuko
Published: February 2024

Background

Persistent facial erythema represents a significant complication in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients undergoing treatment with dupilumab. Stratifying patients based on the erythema course is crucial for elucidating heterogeneous phenotypes and facilitating advanced drug efficacy predictions.

Objectives

This study aimed to identify factors associated with facial erythema severity in dupilumab‐treated AD patients and to establish a prediction model for drug response based on the identified factors.

Methods

Data from a retrospective study conducted between July 2018 and July 2021 were collected and analysed. Patients were categorized into three groups via hierarchical clustering based on the course of facial erythema: early remission, low remission and persistent residual. LightGBM, a supervised gradient boosting decision tree algorithm, was employed to discern group differences and construct a prediction model. The model incorporated patient demographic and clinical profiles, including pre‐ and post‐treatment examinations. The model's performance was evaluated using accuracy and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results

The binary classification model demonstrated an accuracy of 89.10% and an AUC of 0.862 when distinguishing between early remission and persistent residual patients. The eight prominent factors associated with facial erythema severity included age, sex, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), immunoglobulin E (IgE), eosinophil count, white blood cell count, Alnus allergy and cedar allergy.

Conclusions

This study has two main significances: first, three clusters were identified through unsupervised learning; second, a classification model was constructed that proved more accurate than random prediction. The stratification and identification of crucial factors associated with residual facial erythema in dupilumab‐treated AD patients lay the foundation for AI‐powered prognostic models. This groundwork provides a substantial basis for enhancing future medical AI support in AD treatment selection, potentially improving personalized treatment approaches and outcomes.
Evaluation of surface microhardness and gingival marginal adaptation of three different bulk‐fill flowable resin composites: A comparative study
Authors: Khairy Nourhan Medhat , Elkholany Naglaa Rizk , Elembaby Abeer Elsayed
Published: February 2024

Objectives

To evaluate surface microhardness and gingival marginal adaptation of three different bulk‐fill flowable resin composites (FB‐RBCs) in Class V cavities with enamel or dentin margins before and after thermocycling (TMC).

Materials and Methods

Three available FB‐RBCs were used; Palfique Bulk Flow (PaBF) (Tokuyama Dental), SDR Flow+ Bulk Fill Flowable (Dentsply Sirona), and I‐Flow Bulk Fill (I‐Dental). Thirty discs were prepared from each type of FB‐RBCs. The discs were subjected to Vickers microhardness tester machine. Class V cavities were prepared on 180 molars. Gingival margins of half the specimens were prepared above CEJ and the other half below CEJ. Cavities were restored with FB‐RBCs for gingival marginal adaptation test. Two‐way ANOVA was used in microhardness, while three‐way ANOVA was used for marginal adaptation.

Results

The used materials showed statistically significant differences in microhardness and marginal adaptation.

Conclusions

Regarding microhardness, PaBF showed the highest value before TMC and SDR was the highest after TMC. Regarding marginal adaptation, SDR revealed the best marginal adaptation than PaBF and I‐flow, either subjected to TMC or not.

Clinical Significance

The longevity of cervical restorations depend on both the location of the cavity margin and the material used. The microfractures in resin composite surface due to low surface microhardness as well as marginal gaps seen in laboratory studies could be considered as an indicative parameter for clinical problem associated with marginal differences.
Effect of leukoreduction on the metabolism of equine packed red blood cells during refrigerated storage
Authors: Miglio Arianna , Rocconi Francesca , Cremonini Valentina , D'Alessandro Angelo , Reisz Julie A. , Maslanka Mark , Lacroix Ian S. , Tiscar Giorgio , Di Tommaso Morena , Antognoni Maria T.
Published: February 2024

Background

Understanding of the biochemical and morphological lesions associated with storage of equine blood is limited.

Objective

To demonstrate the temporal sequences of lipid and metabolic profiles of equine fresh and stored (up to 42 days) and leukoreduced packed red blood cells (LR‐pRBC) and non‐leukoreduced packed RBC (nLR‐pRBC).

Animals

Packed RBC units were obtained from 6 healthy blood donor horses enrolled in 2 blood banks.

Methods

Observational study. Whole blood was collected from each donor using transfusion bags with a LR filter. Leukoreduction pRBC and nLR‐pRBC units were obtained and stored at 4°C for up 42 days. Sterile weekly sampling was performed from each unit for analyses.

Results

Red blood cells and supernatants progressively accumulated lactate products while high‐energy phosphate compounds (adenosine triphosphate and 2,3‐Diphosphoglycerate) declined. Hypoxanthine, xanthine, and free fatty acids accumulated in stored RBC and supernatants. These lesions were exacerbated in non‐LR‐pRBC.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Leukoreduction has a beneficial effect on RBC energy and redox metabolism of equine pRBC and the onset and severity of the metabolic storage lesions RBC.
Comparison of atlantoaxial and lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid centesis techniques in South American camelids
Authors: Malmström Ester , Cole Robert C. , Hofmeister Erik H. , Stern Jere K. , Passler Thomas
Published: February 2024

Background

Iatrogenic blood contamination during cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) centesis is common, which can limit the diagnostic usefulness of the sample. A novel ultrasound‐guided CSF collection technique is described in horses, by which CSF is obtained from the atlantoaxial (AA) space.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To compare ultrasound‐guided AA centesis with lumbosacral (LS) centesis in South American camelids (SAC). The hypotheses were that AA centesis would yield samples with less blood contamination although being technically more challenging than LS centesis.

Animals

Eight clinically healthy adult SAC from a university‐owned teaching herd.

Methods

Single‐blinded, randomized, 4‐way, 4‐period crossover study in which 2 veterinarians each performed both centesis techniques on each animal once. Cytological sample analysis was performed, and the technical difficulty of sample acquisition was assessed.

Results

The CSF was collected successfully and without complications by either technique during all collection attempts. Aspects of technical difficulty and concentrations of CSF analytes did not vary significantly between techniques. Median total nucleated cell and red blood cell counts were 1/μL and 0.5/μL and 167.5/μL and 155/μL for AA and LS techniques, respectively. The median total protein concentration was 32.9 mg/dL and 38 mg/dL for AA and LS centeses. A median of 1 attempt was necessary for both centesis techniques and the median number of needle repositioning events was 1 for AA and 0 for LS.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Depending on clinical circumstances, ultrasound‐guided AA centesis appears to be an acceptable alternative to other techniques for collection of CSF from SAC.
Capturing chromosome conformation in Crenarchaea
Authors: Pilatowski‐Herzing Elyza , Samson Rachel Y. , Takemata Naomichi , Badel Catherine , Bohall Peter B. , Bell Stephen D.
Published: February 2024

While there is a considerable body of knowledge regarding the molecular and structural biology and biochemistry of archaeal information processing machineries, far less is known about the nature of the substrate for these machineries—the archaeal nucleoid. In this article, we will describe recent advances in our understanding of the three‐dimensional organization of the chromosomes of model organisms in the crenarchaeal phylum.
The schizotrophic lifestyle of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Shang Qingna , Jiang Daohong , Xie Jiatao , Cheng Jiasen , Xiao Xueqiong
Published: February 2024

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a cosmopolitan and typical necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungus that infects hundreds of plant species. Because no cultivars highly resistant to S. sclerotiorum are available, managing Sclerotinia disease caused by S. sclerotiorum is still challenging. However, recent studies have demonstrated that S. sclerotiorum has a beneficial effect and can live mutualistically as an endophyte in graminaceous plants, protecting the plants against major fungal diseases. An in‐depth understanding of the schizotrophic lifestyle of S. sclerotiorum during interactions with plants under different environmental conditions will provide new strategies for controlling fungal disease. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis mechanisms of S. sclerotiorum during its attack of host plants as a destructive pathogen and discuss its lifestyle as a beneficial endophytic fungus.
Greenbeards in plants?
Authors: Montazeaud Germain , Keller Laurent
Published: February 2024

Greenbeards are selfish genetic elements that make their bearers behave either altruistically towards individuals bearing similar greenbeard copies or harmfully towards individuals bearing different copies. They were first proposed by W. D. Hamilton over 50 yr ago, to illustrate that kin selection may operate at the level of single genes. Examples of greenbeards have now been reported in a wide range of taxa, but they remain undocumented in plants. In this paper, we discuss the theoretical likelihood of greenbeard existence in plants. We then question why the greenbeard concept has never been applied to plants and speculate on how hypothetical greenbeards could affect plant–plant interactions. Finally, we point to different research directions to improve our knowledge of greenbeards in plants.
Spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi host surprisingly diverse communities of endobacteria
Authors: Lastovetsky Olga A. , Caruso Tancredi , Brennan Fiona P. , Wall David , Pylni Susanna , Doyle Evelyn
Published: February 2024

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous plant root symbionts, which can house two endobacteria: Ca. Moeniiplasma glomeromycotorum (CaMg) and Ca. Glomeribacter gigasporarum (CaGg). However, little is known about their distribution and population structure in natural AMF populations and whether AMF can harbour other endobacteria.

We isolated AMF from two environments and conducted detailed analyses of endobacterial communities associated with surface‐sterilised AMF spores.

Consistent with the previous reports, we found that CaMg were extremely abundant (80%) and CaGg were extremely rare (2%) in both environments. Unexpectedly, we discovered an additional and previously unknown level of bacterial diversity within AMF spores, which extended beyond the known endosymbionts, with bacteria belonging to 10 other phyla detected across our spore data set. Detailed analysis revealed that: CaGg were not limited in distribution to the Gigasporaceae family of AMF, as previously thought; CaMg population structure was driven by AMF host genotype; and a significant inverse correlation existed between the diversity of CaMg and diversity of all other endobacteria.

Based on these data, we generate novel testable hypotheses regarding the function of CaMg in AMF biology by proposing that they might act as conditional mutualists of AMF.
Histone modification‐dependent production of peptide hormones facilitates acquisition of pluripotency during leaf‐to‐callus transition in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hong Cheljong , Lee Hong Gil , Shim Sangrea , Park Ok‐Sun , Kim Jong Hee , Lee Kyounghee , Oh Eunkyoo , Kim Jungmook , Jung Yu Jin , Seo Pil Joon
Published: February 2024

Chromatin configuration is critical for establishing tissue identity and changes substantially during tissue identity transitions. The crucial scientific and agricultural technology of in vitro tissue culture exploits callus formation from diverse tissue explants and tissue regeneration via de novo organogenesis. We investigated the dynamic changes in H3ac and H3K4me3 histone modifications during leaf‐to‐callus transition in Arabidopsis thaliana.

We analyzed changes in the global distribution of H3ac and H3K4me3 during the leaf‐to‐callus transition, focusing on transcriptionally active regions in calli relative to leaf explants, defined by increased accumulation of both H3ac and H3K4me3.

Peptide signaling was particularly activated during callus formation; the peptide hormones RGF3, RGF8, PIP1 and PIPL3 were upregulated, promoting callus proliferation and conferring competence for de novo shoot organogenesis. The corresponding peptide receptors were also implicated in peptide‐regulated callus proliferation and regeneration capacity. The effect of peptide hormones in plant regeneration is likely at least partly conserved in crop plants.

Our results indicate that chromatin‐dependent regulation of peptide hormone production not only stimulates callus proliferation but also establishes pluripotency, improving the overall efficiency of two‐step regeneration in plant systems.
The association between participant‐reported ratings of comfort, dryness and vision quality in soft contact lens wearers
Authors: Richards Josh , Rickert Martin , Carr Kenzie , Meyer Dawn , Kollbaum Pete
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Previous literature has indicated an association between participant‐reported perceptions (e.g., ratings) of comfort, dryness and vision quality during soft contact lens wear. However, these reports do not account for participant‐ and lens‐specific factors which may impact the interpretation of these results. The purpose of this project was to quantify the association between these participant‐reported ratings while accounting for both participant‐ and lens‐specific factors.

Methods

Participant‐reported ratings (scale 0–100) of comfort, dryness and quality of vision for 675 soft contact lens wearers (1207 eyes) were aggregated across 31 studies completed at Indiana University. Linear mixed‐effects regression modelling was performed on each outcome rating individually. Covariate‐adjusted models incorporated both participant‐ (e.g., age, sex) and lens‐related (e.g., lens material, edge and optics) factors. The models were statistically adjusted for the duration of lens wear in hours and cumulative days of exposure.

Results

Consistent with estimates from covariate‐adjusted regression models, pairwise Spearman correlations [95% CI] between dryness and comfort (rs = 0.71, [0.69, 0.74]), vision quality and comfort (rs = 0.53, [0.49, 0.57]) and vision quality and dryness (rs = 0.49, [0.42, 0.54]) were all positive and had p < 0.001. Average participant‐reported ratings of comfort, dryness and vision quality decreased by (bs [95% CI]) = −0.81 [−1.15, −0.46] −0.34 [−0.67, 0.0005] and −0.90 [−1.19, −0.60] rating units, respectively, for each hour of lens wear.

Conclusions

Significant positive associations were found between participant‐reported measures of comfort, dryness and vision quality during soft contact lens wear. The associations between these ratings and the participant‐ and lens‐related factors that drive them should be considered by clinicians and manufacturers when fitting and designing soft contact lenses.
Lens and solution properties in patients with and without midday fogging
Authors: Fogt Jennifer Swingle , Nau Cherie , Harthan Jennifer , Shorter Ellen , Nau Amy , Patton Kim , Schornack Muriel
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Midday fogging is a complication of scleral lens (SL) wear that interrupts clear vision during the course of wear. SLs can be made with a variety of gas permeable materials, sizes and surface treatments, and various solutions are available for storing the lenses and for filling them before application on the eye. Many of these factors have been implicated as possible contributors to midday fogging. This study explored the lens and solution properties in habitual SL wearers with and without midday fogging.

Methods

In this prospective study, 48 habitual SL wearers were evaluated and asked to report whether they experienced midday fogging and if they removed their lenses during the day. They completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), which is a validated tool for dry eye assessment. Lens parameters (material, coatings and diameter) and lens storage and filling solutions were documented. Backward elimination of regression terms evaluated the lens and solution properties in those with and without fogging. OSDI scores were compared using the Mann–Whitney analysis.

Results

Collectively, the lens properties and solutions accounted for 27.7% of the variance related to midday fogging. None of the factors alone had a significant impact upon midday fogging. The median (interquartile range) OSDI score for those with fogging [37 (35)] was significantly different from those without fogging [10 (15)], with the scores corresponding to severe dry eye and normal eyes, respectively.

Conclusion

SL wearers with midday fogging exhibited similar symptoms to patients with severe dry eye. Lens and solution characteristics may play a small role in patients with midday fogging, although changing just a single factor is not likely to impact its presence.
Successful direct pacing of the left bundle branch area with ICD lead using steerable delivery sheath
Authors: Yoshino Mitsuru , Yanagihara Kanade , Kawabata Tokuma , Yoshida Kenta , Tasaka Hiroshi
Published: February 2024

Recently, conduction system pacing has been performed in patients with impaired cardiac function. We report a case in which a DF4 implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead was screwed directly into the left bundle branch area with the support of a steerable delivery sheath.
Partial Reasons
Authors: Faroldi Federico L. G.
Published: February 2024

Partial reasons are considerations in favor of something that, taken individually, are not sufficient to establish an obligation. I consider the extent to which partial reasons are reasons, and why they cannot be reduced to or identified with pro tanto reasons. I lay out two approaches to the content of reasons, the flat theory and the structured theory. I argue that parts of reasons are not partial reasons, by showing that natural ways to represent parts of reasons in the flat theory and the structured theory lead to overgeneration problems with regard to partial reasons. I then formulate two notions of partial reasons: one based on a notion of partial support, which is in turn captured by the notions of full support and partial content, and one based on the notion of in exact verification. I show under which conditions the two notions of partial reasons (based on partial content, and based on inexact verification) coincide.
Using change in 6‐minute walk distance to predict survival in progressive pulmonary fibrosis: A promising measure in need of precision
Authors: Holland Anne E. , Dowman Leona
Published: February 2024

See related article
Linking absorptive capacity and project performance in environmental uncertainty: A perspective on implementation arrangements
Authors: Waheed Jahanzeb
Published: February 2024

This study utilizes the concept of absorptive capacity as a unique way to view implementations arrangements in resource‐scarce public sector organizations. It introduces absorptive capacity as a policy implementation capacity and explains the relationship between potential and Realized Absorptive Capacity and project performance, primarily, in the higher education, primary and secondary health and social welfare departments in the Government of the Punjab, Pakistan. The main research question ascertains the effect of absorptive capacity on project performance and how environmental uncertainty intervenes in the relationship between different aspects of absorptive capacity (potential absorptive capacity, PACAP and realized absorptive capacity, RACAP) and project performance. In order to do so five hypotheses are developed. In order to explore the assumptions, the relationships among variables are ascertained based on 167 responses from ongoing public sector projects/schemes (2020) using bivariate correlations, and linear and multiple linear regression analyses. The results of this study support findings suggested by prior research, confirming a positive influence of absorptive capacity on project performance in terms of knowledge acquisition and assimilation. The same is true for a direct relationship of public sector projects. The public sector projects have used the existing experience and knowledge resources to further enhance their capabilities and exploited knowledge. Further, the actionable knowledge has been transformed into performance goals of the projects. The unstable external environment, unable to predict future environmental conditions and changing project requirements did not seem to affect the existing transferability and utilization of knowledge for achieving social sector projects' performance.
Knowledge‐driven spatial competitive intelligence for tourism
Authors: Gao Jialiang , Peng Peng , Lu Feng , Wang Shu , Xie Xiaowei , Claramunt Christophe
Published: February 2024

Competition among tourism enterprises is an ineluctable component of sustainable tourism growth, requiring comprehensive studies to understand its dynamic and develop appropriate strategies. The literature employs text mining or statistical analyses to identify correlations between tourism areas as competitive relationships. However, this approach may not be fully applicable, due to the sparsity of crucial coexistence phenomena, and may fail to investigate fine‐grained attractions' competition inside destination using large‐scale geospatial data. To overcome the limitations, this study proposes a knowledge‐driven competitive intelligence framework for tourism management, utilizing knowledge graph (KG) construction and inference technologies. First, multi‐mode heterogeneous tourism data are integrated into a unified KG, including tourist check‐in, online text, and basic geographic information. Second, the spatial‐dependent GNN‐based model absorbing abundant spatial semantic knowledge from tourism‐oriented KG can enhance the performance of competition reasoning. Third, with multiple analyses via symbolic queries on KG, a comprehensive panorama of competition situations can be revealed.
Spatial multi‐objective optimization of primary healthcare facilities: A case study in Singapore
Authors: Wang Zhong , Cao Kai , Chiu Yu Lung Marcus , Feng Qiushi
Published: February 2024

Primary healthcare plays a pivotal role in enhancing health conditions. In Singapore, such services are predominantly manifested through the implementation of the Community Health Assistance Scheme (CHAS). CHAS is an initiative aimed at providing fundamental preventive and therapeutic services, especially for those seniors and low‐income adults with chronic diseases. In spite of considerable efforts in policy and research in this domain, there is a dearth of studies focusing on the spatial optimization of these primary healthcare services. In this study, an innovative multi‐objective medical service facility siting model has been developed based on coarse‐grained parallel genetic algorithm to address the intricate challenges associated with the optimization of locations for CHAS clinics. The proposed optimization model aims to simultaneously maximize accessibility, minimize inequity, and minimize the number of clinics. The successful application of this model in the siting of CHAS clinics in Singapore demonstrates its effectiveness in enhancing residents' access to healthcare services. Apart from its novel academic contributions to the field of spatial optimization of primary healthcare facilities in general, we have also discussed the inherent limitations and identified certain aspects as the future directions of this research.
Evaluation of knowledge, attitude, and awareness of liver transplant patients toward xenotransplantation
Authors: Aslan Dogan Bahar , Ozden Gurkan , Dolu Sevim , Mese Mesut , Akbulut Sami
Published: February 2024

Background

Xenotransplantation (XTx) is an alternative treatment for organ scarcity. Investigating the acceptance of XTx among patients from diverse cultural and religious backgrounds is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of XTx among patients undergoing liver transplant (LT).

Methods

This descriptive study was conducted between November 2022 and August 2023. The study population comprised LT patients aged ≥18 years who were admitted to the hepatology clinic of a university hospital in Turkey. Of the 360 patients (n = 360) interviewed, 351 were deemed eligible for inclusion. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, median, standard deviation, minimum‐maximum, number, percentage, and Pearson's chi‐square test were used for statistical analysis.

Results

Of the patients, 78.3% were religious and adhered to religious requirements, and 87.2% considered their religious beliefs when making important decisions. In all, 41.3% of the participants believed that organ or tissue transplantation from animals to humans is ethical, while 70.1% of the participants believed that organ and tissue transplantation from non‐halal animals to humans was impossible. Specifically, 56.7% would not allow organ or tissue transplantation from a non‐halal animal to themselves or a relative. Knowledge and attitude towards XTx were not affected by transplantation type (p > .05), but were affected by sex and educational level (p < .05).

Conclusion

This study found that LT patients generally oppose XTx. To enhance knowledge and awareness, religious leaders and healthcare professionals should organize comprehensive and effective seminars on this topic.
Probing Tagore in 21st-century Bangladesh: Shifting Faces of Metaphysical Reality and the Role of New Media
Authors: Sattar Shaila Binte
Published: February 2024

This study explores the shifting faces of reality in 21st-century Bangladesh as propagated by the questionable role of new media. The research hypothesizes that the stakeholders of the new media are fragmented into disparate groups, and the faces and aspects of metaphysics have been substantially altered to fit the motives of those in power, reversing the original intent. The study critically analyses the role of faith in goodness in human life, compares the views of Tagore to contemporary power relations, and investigates how the new media acts as a catalyst in perpetuating these mechanisms. The findings suggest that further research is needed to comprehend the potential benefits and limits of new media in these subjects.
Variability in competitive fitness among environmental and clinical azole-resistant
Aspergillus fumigatus
isolates
Authors: Chen Shu , Zhu Guoxing , Lin Huiping , Guo Jian , Deng Shuwen , Wu Wenjuan , Goldman Gustavo H. , Lu Ling , Zhang Yuanwei
Published: February 2024

Azoles are the primary antifungal drugs used to treat infections caused by
Aspergillus fumigatus
. However, the emergence of azole resistance in
A. fumigatus
has become a global health concern despite the low proportion of resistant isolates in natural populations. In bacteria, antibiotic resistance incurs a fitness cost that renders strains less competitive in the absence of antibiotics. Consequently, fitness cost is a key determinant of the spread of resistant mutations. However, the cost of azole resistance and its underlying causes in
A. fumigatus
remain poorly understood. In this observation, we revealed that the 10 out of 15 screened azole-resistant isolates, which possessed the most common azole-targeted
cyp51A
mutations, particularly the presence of tandem repeats in the promoter region, exhibit fitness cost when competing with the susceptible isolates in azole-free environments. These results suggest that fitness cost may significantly influence the dynamics of azole resistance, which ultimately contributes to the low prevalence of azole-resistant
A. fumigatus
isolates in the environment and clinic. By constructing
in situ cyp51A
mutations in a parental azole-susceptible strain and reintroducing the wild-type
cyp51A
gene into the azole-resistant strains, we demonstrated that fitness cost is not directly dependent on
cyp51A
mutations but is instead associated with the evolution of variable mutations related to conidial germination or other unknown development-related processes. Importantly, our observations unexpectedly revealed that some azole-resistant isolates showed no detectable fitness cost, and some even exhibited significantly increased competitive fitness in azole-free environments, highlighting the potential risk associated with the prevalence of these isolates.

IMPORTANCE

Azole resistance in the human fungal pathogen
Aspergillus fumigatus
presents a global public health challenge. Understanding the epidemic trends and evolutionary patterns of azole resistance is critical to prevent and control the spread of azole-resistant isolates. The primary cause is the mutation of the drug target 14α-sterol-demethylase Cyp51A, yet its impact on competitive ability remains uncertain. Our competition assays revealed a diverse range of fitness outcomes for environmental and clinical
cyp51A
-mutated isolates. We have shown that this fitness cost is not reliant on
cyp51A
mutations but might be linked to unknown mutations induced by stress conditions. Among these isolates, the majority displayed fitness costs, while a few displayed enhanced competitive ability, which may have a potential risk of spread and the need to closely monitor these isolates. Our observation reveals the variation in fitness costs among azole-resistant isolates of
A. fumigatus
, highlighting the significant role of fitness cost in the spread of resistant strains.
Supplemental Material: Episodic magmatism of the Gongga batholith (eastern Tibet) revealed by detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology: Insights into phased Xianshuihe fault activity and plateau growth
Authors: Zhao Yanglin , al. et , Shen Xiaoming
Published: February 2024

U-Pb geochronology analytical conditions and zircon U-Pb data  
Supplemental Material: Impact of multiple weak layers on deformation of the interior of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yang Huitong , Wu Lei , et al.
Published: February 2024

Figure S1: Uninterpreted long regional seismic reflection images of sections I–V. Figure S2: Nine uninterpreted cross sections of the analog modeling. Figure S3: Uninterpreted seismic reflection section VI in Figure 13B.
Construction of Simple Modules over the Quantum Affine Space
Authors: Mukherjee Snehashis , Bera Sanu
Published: February 2024

The coordinate ring [Formula: see text] of quantum affine space is the [Formula: see text]-algebra presented by generators [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and relations [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. We construct simple [Formula: see text]-modules in a more general setting where the parameters [Formula: see text] lie in a torsion subgroup of [Formula: see text] and show that analogous results hold as in the uniparameter case.
Gray Images of Constacyclic Codes over a Non-chain Extension of Z 4
Authors: Mohan Cruz , Gowdhaman Karthick , Chinnapillai Durairajan , Gao Jian
Published: February 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be the ring of integers modulo 4. We study the [Formula: see text]-constacyclic and [Formula: see text]-cyclic codes over the non-chain ring [Formula: see text] for a unit [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text]. We define several Gray maps and find that the respective Gray images of a quasi-cyclic code over [Formula: see text] are cyclic, quasi-cyclic or permutation equivalent to this code. For an odd positive integer [Formula: see text], we determine the generator polynomials of cyclic and [Formula: see text]-constacyclic codes of length [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text]. Further, we prove that a [Formula: see text]-cyclic code of length [Formula: see text] is a [Formula: see text]-constacyclic code if [Formula: see text] is odd, and a [Formula: see text]-quasi-twisted code if [Formula: see text] is even. A few examples are also incorporated, in which two parameters are new and one is best known to date.
Free Products of Trialgebras
Authors: Huang Juwei , Chen Yuqun , Zhang Zerui
Published: February 2024

We apply the method of Gröbner–Shirshov bases for replicated algebras developed by Kolesnikov to offer a general approach for constructing free products of associative trialgebras (or trioids). In particular, the open problem of Zhuchok on constructing free products of trioids is solved.
Module Structures on U ( E − ) for the Euclidean Algebra
Authors: Bao Yixin , Cai Yan'an
Published: February 2024

We classify modules which are free of rank 1 when restricted to the negative part for the Euclidean Lie algebra. Sufficient and necessary conditions for the simplicity of these modules are given. From these modules we construct modules which are infinitely generated when restricted to the maximal toral subalgebra.
Stochastic representation and conditioning of process-based geological model by deep generative and recognition networks
Authors: Cheung Siu Wun , Kushwaha Amit , Sun Huafei , Wu Xiao-Hui
Published: February 2024

Accurate and realistic geological modelling is the core of oil and gas development and production. In recent years, process-based methods are developed to produce highly realistic geological models by simulating the physical processes that reproduce the sedimentary events and develop the geometry. However, the complex dynamic processes are extremely expensive to simulate, making process-based models difficult to be conditioned to field data. In this work, we propose a comprehensive generative adversarial network framework as a machine-learning-assisted approach for mimicking the outputs of process-based geological models with fast generation. The main objective of our work is to obtain a continuous parametrization of the highly realistic process-based geological models which enables us to calibrate the models and condition the models to data. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the capability of our proposed methodology.
Reconfigurable Ring Antenna Sensor for Detection of Adulteration in Liquids
Authors: Priyanka  , Bansal Sonia , Kaur Preet
Published: February 2024

In this research paper, a novel reconfigurable ring antenna sensor is presented to detect adulteration in liquids. The suggested antenna sensor is designed to detect and predict salt and sugar concentrations in water and adulterant concentrations in milk. The proposed antenna works in five modes and reconfigurability is achieved using pin diodes. The adulteration in liquids is determined by analyzing the connection between concentration and fluctuation in the reflection coefficient. Calibration equations and Mean relative error (MRE) of different solutions are obtained using reflection coefficients and concentrations. The investigation demonstrates that salt and sugar concentrations could be predicted using a ring sensor with mean relative errors of 2.17% and 2.67% respectively. The sensor is used to detect and predict the concentration of several adulterants in milk like water, caustic soda, sodium carbonate, ammonium sulfate, and urea. The value of MRE for adulterated milk is 2.2% for water, 2.33% for caustic soda, 2.33% for sodium carbonate, 2% for ammonium sulfate, and 3% for urea. The results show that the proposed ring antenna sensor has considerably good sensitivity and accuracy, which makes the system attractive for detecting adulteration in liquids with the lowest mean relative error.