bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ripplocations provide a new mechanism for the deformation of phyllosilicates in the lithosphere
Authors: Aslin Joe , Mariani Elisabetta , Dawson Karl , Barsoum Michel W.
Published: February 2019

Deformation in Earth’s lithosphere is localised in narrow, high-strain zones. Phyllosilicates, strongly anisotropic layered minerals, are abundant in these rocks, where they accommodate much of the strain and play a significant role in inhibiting or triggering earthquakes. Until now it was understood that phyllosilicates could deform only by dislocation glide along layers and could not accommodate large strains without cracking and dilation. Here we show that a new class of atomic-scale defects, known as ripplocations, explain the development of layer-normal strain without brittle damage. We use high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to resolve nano-scale bending characteristic of ripplocations in the phyllosilicate mineral biotite. We demonstrate that conjugate delamination arrays are the result of elastic strain energy release due to the accumulation of layer-normal strain in ripplocations. This work provides the missing mechanism necessary to understand phyllosilicate deformation, with important rheological implications for phyllosilicate bearing seismogenic faults and subduction zones.
Extortion strategies resist disciplining when higher competitiveness is rewarded with extra gain
Authors: Becks Lutz , Milinski Manfred
Published: February 2019

Cooperative strategies are predicted for repeated social interactions. The recently described Zero Determinant (ZD) strategies enforce the partner’s cooperation because the ‘generous’ ZD players help their cooperative partners while ‘extortionate’ ZD players exploit their partners’ cooperation. Partners may accede to extortion because it pays them to do so, but the partner can sabotage his own and his extortioner’s score by defecting to discipline the extortioner. Thus, extortion is predicted to turn into generous and disappear. Here, we show with human volunteers that an additional monetary incentive (bonus) paid to the finally competitively superior player maintains extortion. Unexpectedly, extortioners refused to become disciplined, thus forcing partners to accede. Occasional opposition reduced the extortioners’ gain so that using extortion paid off only because of the bonus. With no bonus incentive, players used the generous ZD strategy. Our findings suggest that extortion strategies can prevail when higher competitiveness is rewarded with extra gain.
ASPP proteins discriminate between PP1 catalytic subunits through their SH3 domain and the PP1 C-tail
Authors: Bertran M. Teresa , Mouilleron Stéphane , Zhou Yanxiang , Bajaj Rakhi , Uliana Federico , Kumar Ganesan Senthil , van Drogen Audrey , Lee Rebecca , Banerjee Jennifer J. , Hauri Simon , O’Reilly Nicola , Gstaiger Matthias , Page Rebecca , Peti Wolfgang , Tapon Nicolas
Published: February 2019

Serine/threonine phosphatases such as PP1 lack substrate specificity and associate with a large array of targeting subunits to achieve the requisite selectivity. The tumour suppressor ASPP (apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53) proteins associate with PP1 catalytic subunits and are implicated in multiple functions from transcriptional regulation to cell junction remodelling. Here we show that Drosophila ASPP is part of a multiprotein PP1 complex and that PP1 association is necessary for several in vivo functions of Drosophila ASPP. We solve the crystal structure of the human ASPP2/PP1 complex and show that ASPP2 recruits PP1 using both its canonical RVxF motif, which binds the PP1 catalytic domain, and its SH3 domain, which engages the PP1 C-terminal tail. The ASPP2 SH3 domain can discriminate between PP1 isoforms using an acidic specificity pocket in the n-Src domain, providing an exquisite mechanism where multiple motifs are used combinatorially to tune binding affinity to PP1.
Divalent EuRh2Si2 as a reference for the Luttinger theorem and antiferromagnetism in trivalent heavy-fermion YbRh2Si2
Authors: Güttler M. , Generalov A. , Fujimori S. I. , Kummer K. , Chikina A. , Seiro S. , Danzenbächer S. , Koroteev Yu. M. , Chulkov E. V. , Radovic M. , Shi M. , Plumb N. C. , Laubschat C. , Allen J. W. , Krellner C. , Geibel C. , Vyalikh D. V.
Published: February 2019

Application of the Luttinger theorem to the Kondo lattice YbRh2Si2 suggests that its large 4f-derived Fermi surface (FS) in the paramagnetic (PM) regime should be similar in shape and volume to that of the divalent local-moment antiferromagnet (AFM) EuRh2Si2 in its PM regime. Here we show by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy that paramagnetic EuRh2Si2 has a large FS essentially similar to the one seen in YbRh2Si2 down to 1 K. In EuRh2Si2 the onset of AFM order below 24.5 K induces an extensive fragmentation of the FS due to Brillouin zone folding, intersection and resulting hybridization of the Fermi-surface sheets. Our results on EuRh2Si2 indicate that the formation of the AFM state in YbRh2Si2 is very likely also connected with similar changes in the FS, which have to be taken into account in the controversial analysis and discussion of anomalies observed at the quantum critical point in this system.
The short-chain fatty acid pentanoate suppresses autoimmunity by modulating the metabolic-epigenetic crosstalk in lymphocytes
Authors: Luu Maik , Pautz Sabine , Kohl Vanessa , Singh Rajeev , Romero Rossana , Lucas Sébastien , Hofmann Jörg , Raifer Hartmann , Vachharajani Niyati , Carrascosa Lucia Campos , Lamp Boris , Nist Andrea , Stiewe Thorsten , Shaul Yoav , Adhikary Till , Zaiss Mario M. , Lauth Matthias , Steinhoff Ulrich , Visekruna Alexander
Published: February 2019

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have immunomodulatory effects, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here we show that pentanoate, a physiologically abundant SCFA, is a potent regulator of immunometabolism. Pentanoate induces IL-10 production in lymphocytes by reprogramming their metabolic activity towards elevated glucose oxidation. Mechanistically, this reprogramming is mediated by supplying additional pentanoate-originated acetyl-CoA for histone acetyltransferases, and by pentanoate-triggered enhancement of mTOR activity. In experimental mouse models of colitis and multiple sclerosis, pentanoate-induced regulatory B cells mediate protection from autoimmune pathology. Additionally, pentanoate shows a potent histone deacetylase-inhibitory activity in CD4+ T cells, thereby reducing their IL-17A production. In germ-free mice mono-colonized with segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), pentanoate inhibits the generation of small-intestinal Th17 cells and ameliorates SFB-promoted inflammation in the central nervous system. Taken together, by enhancing IL-10 production and suppressing Th17 cells, the SCFA pentanoate might be of therapeutic relevance for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
1D versus 2D cocrystals growth via microspacing in-air sublimation
Authors: Ye Xin , Liu Yang , Guo Qing , Han Quanxiang , Ge Chao , Cui Shuangyue , Zhang Leilei , Tao Xutang
Published: February 2019

Organic cocrystals possess valuable properties owing to the synergistic effect of the individual components. However, the growth of molecular cocrystals is still in its primary stage. Here we develop a microspacing in-air sublimation method to grow organic cocrystals, and furthermore to realize morphology control on them, which is essential for structure–property relations. A series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)‒1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) complexes cocrystals are grown directly on the substrate, with the morphology tunable from 1D needle-like to 2D plate-like on demand. Spatially resolved photoluminescence spectra analyses on different cocrystals display morphology dependent and anisotropic optical waveguiding properties. In situ observation and energy calculations of the crystallization processes reveal the formation mechanism being from a competition between growth kinetics-defined crystal habit and the thermodynamics driving force. This growth technique may serve the future demand for tunable morphology organic cocrystals in different functional applications.
Stress-induced inactivation of the Staphylococcus aureus purine biosynthesis repressor leads to hypervirulence
Authors: Goncheva Mariya I. , Flannagan Ronald S. , Sterling Brigid E. , Laakso Holly A. , Friedrich Nancy C. , Kaiser Julienne C. , Watson David W. , Wilson Christy H. , Sheldon Jessica R. , McGavin Martin J. , Kiser Patti K. , Heinrichs David E.
Published: February 2019

Staphylococcus aureus is a significant cause of human infection. Here, we demonstrate that mutations in the transcriptional repressor of purine biosynthesis, purR, enhance the pathogenic potential of S. aureus. Indeed, systemic infection with purR mutants causes accelerated mortality in mice, which is due to aberrant up-regulation of fibronectin binding proteins (FnBPs). Remarkably, purR mutations can arise upon exposure of S. aureus to stress, such as an intact immune system. In humans, naturally occurring anti-FnBP antibodies exist that, while not protective against recurrent S. aureus infection, ostensibly protect against hypervirulent S. aureus infections. Vaccination studies support this notion, where anti-Fnb antibodies in mice protect against purR hypervirulence. These findings provide a novel link between purine metabolism and virulence in S. aureus.
Phenazine production promotes antibiotic tolerance and metabolic heterogeneity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms
Authors: Schiessl Konstanze T. , Hu Fanghao , Jo Jeanyoung , Nazia Sakila Z. , Wang Bryan , Price-Whelan Alexa , Min Wei , Dietrich Lars E. P.
Published: February 2019

Antibiotic efficacy can be antagonized by bioactive metabolites and other drugs present at infection sites. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common cause of biofilm-based infections, releases metabolites called phenazines that accept electrons to support cellular redox balancing. Here, we find that phenazines promote tolerance to clinically relevant antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, in P. aeruginosa biofilms and that this effect depends on the carbon source provided for growth. We couple stable isotope labeling with stimulated Raman scattering microscopy to visualize biofilm metabolic activity in situ. This approach shows that phenazines promote metabolism in microaerobic biofilm regions and influence metabolic responses to ciprofloxacin treatment. Consistent with roles of specific respiratory complexes in supporting phenazine utilization in biofilms, phenazine-dependent survival on ciprofloxacin is diminished in mutants lacking these enzymes. Our work introduces a technique for the chemical imaging of biosynthetic activity in biofilms and highlights complex interactions between bacterial products, their effects on biofilm metabolism, and the antibiotics we use to treat infections.
Capturing the inherent structural dynamics of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein fusion peptide
Authors: Kumar Sonu , Sarkar Anita , Pugach Pavel , Sanders Rogier W. , Moore John P. , Ward Andrew B. , Wilson Ian A.
Published: February 2019

The N-terminal fusion peptide (FP) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) gp41 subunit plays a critical role in cell entry. However, capturing the structural flexibility in the unbound FP is challenging in the native Env trimer. Here, FP conformational isomerism is observed in two crystal structures of a soluble clade B transmitted/founder virus B41 SOSIP.664 Env with broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) PGT124 and 35O22 to aid in crystallization and that are not specific for binding to the FP. Large rearrangements in the FP and fusion peptide proximal region occur around M530, which remains anchored in the tryptophan clasp (gp41 W623, W628, W631) in the B41 Env prefusion state. Further, we redesigned the FP at position 518 to reinstate the bNAb VRC34.01 epitope. These findings provide further structural evidence for the dynamic nature of the FP and how a bNAb epitope can be restored during vaccine design.
On the degradation mechanisms of quantum-dot light-emitting diodes
Authors: Chen Song , Cao Weiran , Liu Taili , Tsang Sai-Wing , Yang Yixing , Yan Xiaolin , Qian Lei
Published: February 2019

The operating lifetime of blue quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLED) is currently a short slab for this emerging display technology. To pinpoint the origin of device degradation, here we apply multiple techniques to monitor the electric-field distribution and space-charge accumulation across the multilayered structure before and after lifetime tests. Evident by charge-modulated electro-absorption and capacitance-voltage characteristics, the excited electrons in blue quantum dots (QD) are prone to cross the type II junction between the QD emission layer and the electron-transporting layer (ETL) due to the offset of conduction band minimum, leading to space-charge accumulation and operating-voltage rise in the ETL. Therefore, unlike those very stable red devices, of which the lifetime is primarily limited by the slow degradation of hole-transporting layer, the poor lifetime of blue QLED originates from the fast degradation at the QD-ETL junction. Materials engineering for efficient electron injection is prerequisite for the boost of operating lifetime.
Author Correction: FGL2 promotes tumor progression in the CNS by suppressing CD103+ dendritic cell differentiation
Authors: Yan Jun , Zhao Qingnan , Gabrusiewicz Konrad , Kong Ling-Yuan , Xia Xueqing , Wang Jian , Ott Martina , Xu Jingda , Davis R. Eric , Huo Longfei , Rao Ganesh , Sun Shao-Cong , Watowich Stephanie S. , Heimberger Amy B. , Li Shulin
Published: February 2019

The original version of this Article contained errors in the author affiliations. Qingnan Zhao, Xueqing Xia, Longfei Huo and Shulin Li were incorrectly associated with Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, 100069, Beijing, China.This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
An EDS1 heterodimer signalling surface enforces timely reprogramming of immunity genes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Bhandari Deepak D. , Lapin Dmitry , Kracher Barbara , von Born Patrick , Bautor Jaqueline , Niefind Karsten , Parker Jane E.
Published: February 2019

Plant intracellular NLR receptors recognise pathogen interference to trigger immunity but how NLRs signal is not known. Enhanced disease susceptibility1 (EDS1) heterodimers are recruited by Toll-interleukin1-receptor domain NLRs (TNLs) to transcriptionally mobilise resistance pathways. By interrogating the Arabidopsis EDS1 ɑ-helical EP-domain we identify positively charged residues lining a cavity that are essential for TNL immunity signalling, beyond heterodimer formation. Mutating a single, conserved surface arginine (R493) disables TNL immunity to an oomycete pathogen and to bacteria producing the virulence factor, coronatine. Plants expressing a weakly active EDS1R493A variant have delayed transcriptional reprogramming, with severe consequences for resistance and countering bacterial coronatine repression of early immunity genes. The same EP-domain surface is utilised by a non-TNL receptor RPS2 for bacterial immunity, indicating that the EDS1 EP-domain signals in resistance conferred by different NLR receptor types. These data provide a unique structural insight to early downstream signalling in NLR receptor immunity.
Regulation of miRNAs by Snail during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in HT29 colon cancer cells
Authors: Przygodzka Patrycja , Papiewska-Pająk Izabela , Bogusz-Koziarska Helena , Sochacka Ewelina , Boncela Joanna , Kowalska M. Anna
Published: February 2019

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells, represents early stages of metastasis and is a promising target in colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy. There have been many attempts to identify markers and key pathways induced throughout EMT but the process is complex and depends on the cancer type and tumour microenvironment. Here we used the colon cancer cell line HT29, which stably overexpressed Snail, the key transcription factor in early EMT, as a model for colorectal adenocarcinoma cells with a pro-metastatic phenotype. We investigated miRNA expression regulation during that phenotypic switching. We found that overexpression of Snail in HT29 cells triggered significant changes in individual miRNA levels but did not change the global efficiency of miRNA processing. Snail abundance repressed the expression of miR-192 and miR-194 and increased miR-205, let-7i and SNORD13 levels. These identified changes correlated with the reported transcriptomic alterations in Snail-overexpressing HT29 cells. We also investigated how Snail affected the miRNA content of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from HT29 cells. Our data suggest that the presence of Snail significantly alters the complex mRNA/miRNA interactions in the early steps of metastasis and also has an impact on the content of EVs released from HT29 cells.
Biotic interactions are an unexpected yet critical control on the complexity of an abiotically driven polar ecosystem
Authors: Lee Charles K. , Laughlin Daniel C. , Bottos Eric M. , Caruso Tancredi , Joy Kurt , Barrett John E. , Brabyn Lars , Nielsen Uffe N. , Adams Byron J. , Wall Diana H. , Hopkins David W. , Pointing Stephen B. , McDonald Ian R. , Cowan Don A. , Banks Jonathan C. , Stichbury Glen A. , Jones Irfon , Zawar-Reza Peyman , Katurji Marwan , Hogg Ian D. , Sparrow Ashley D. , Storey Bryan C. , Allan Green T. G. , Cary S. Craig
Published: February 2019

Abiotic and biotic factors control ecosystem biodiversity, but their relative contributions remain unclear. The ultraoligotrophic ecosystem of the Antarctic Dry Valleys, a simple yet highly heterogeneous ecosystem, is a natural laboratory well-suited for resolving the abiotic and biotic controls of community structure. We undertook a multidisciplinary investigation to capture ecologically relevant biotic and abiotic attributes of more than 500 sites in the Dry Valleys, encompassing observed landscape heterogeneities across more than 200 km2. Using richness of autotrophic and heterotrophic taxa as a proxy for functional complexity, we linked measured variables in a parsimonious yet comprehensive structural equation model that explained significant variations in biological complexity and identified landscape-scale and fine-scale abiotic factors as the primary drivers of diversity. However, the inclusion of linkages among functional groups was essential for constructing the best-fitting model. Our findings support the notion that biotic interactions make crucial contributions even in an extremely simple ecosystem.
Oxylipins mediate cell-to-cell communication in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Martínez Eriel , Cosnahan Rachael K. , Wu Mousheng , Gadila Shiva. K. , Quick Eric B. , Mobley James A. , Campos-Gómez Javier
Published: February 2019

Oxygenated unsaturated fatty acids, known as oxylipins, are signaling molecules commonly used for cell-to-cell communication in eukaryotes. However, a role for oxylipins in mediating communication in prokaryotes has not previously been described. Bacteria mainly communicate via quorum sensing, which involves the production and detection of diverse small molecules termed autoinducers. Here we show that oleic acid-derived oxylipins produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa function as autoinducers of a novel quorum sensing system. We found that this system controls the cell density-dependent expression of a gene subset independently of the quorum sensing systems thus far described in this bacterium. We identified a LysR-type transcriptional regulator as the primary receptor of the oxylipin signal. The discovery of this oxylipin-dependent quorum sensing system reveals that prokaryote-derived oxylipins also mediate cell-to-cell communication in bacteria.
NapM enhances the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis under stress and in macrophages
Authors: Liu Yu , Xie Zhiwei , Zhou Xiling , Li Weihui , Zhang Hua , He Zheng-Guo
Published: February 2019

Hostile environmental cues cause Mycobacterium tuberculosis to enter a state of slow growth for survival. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear. DnaA is essential for DNA replication initiation and represents an efficient target for growth regulation in bacteria. Here, we show that the nucleoid-associated protein NapM is a DnaA antagonist, protecting M. tuberculosis from stress-mediated killing. NapM can be induced by diverse stressful signals. It binds to DnaA to inhibit both its DNA replication origin-binding and ATP hydrolysis activity. As a DnaA antagonist, NapM inhibits the mycobacterial DNA synthesis in vitro and in vivo in M. tuberculosis. Furthermore, we show that NapM contributes to the survival of M. tuberculosis under stress and within macrophages during infection. Our findings provide a previously unidentified mechanism of mycobacterial survival under stress and also suggest NapM as a potential drug target for tuberculosis control.
First demonstration of the use of very large Stokes shift cycloparaphenylenes as promising organic luminophores for transparent luminescent solar concentrators
Authors: Della Sala Paolo , Buccheri Nunzio , Sanzone Alessandro , Sassi Mauro , Neri Placido , Talotta Carmen , Rocco Alice , Pinchetti Valerio , Beverina Luca , Brovelli Sergio , Gaeta Carmine
Published: February 2019

The use of [n]CPP derivatives as luminophores in LSC-devices minimises reabsorption losses.
Formation of disulphide linkages restricts intramolecular motions of a fluorophore: detection of molecular oxygen in food packaging
Authors: Rahaman Sk. Atiur , Mondal Dipon Kumar , Bandyopadhyay Subhajit
Published: February 2019

TPE-tetrathiol detects oxygen through fluorescence enhancement via disulfide polymer formation.
Molten salt synthesis, growth mechanism, and photoluminescence of rod chlorapatite microcrystallites
Authors: Wen Xiao , He Can , Wu Bogang , Huang Ximing , Huang Zhaohui , Yin Zhaoyu , Liu Yangai , Fang Minghao , Wu Xiaowen , Min Xin
Published: February 2019

The molten salt method was used to synthesize chlorapatite microcrystallites with regular shapes and uniform sizes at a relatively low temperature under an air atmosphere.
Coarse-grained modeling of the nucleation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into soot precursors
Authors: Hernández-Rojas J. , Calvo F.
Published: February 2019

The aggregation and physical growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules was simulated using a coarse-grained potential and a stochastic Monte Carlo framework. In agreement with earlier studies, homomolecular nucleation of pyrene, coronene and circumcoronene is found to be limited at temperatures in the 500–1000 K range. Heteromolecular nucleation is found to occur with a minor spontaneous segregation toward pure and equi concentrations.
Electrochemical water oxidation by cobalt-Prussian blue coordination polymer and theoretical studies of the electronic structure of the active species
Authors: Pires Bruno M. , dos Santos Pãmyla L. , Katic Vera , Strohauer Stefan , Landers Richard , Formiga André L. B. , Bonacin Juliano A.
Published: February 2019

The search for earth-abundant metal-based catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) that operates in neutral conditions is a challenge in the field of sustainable energy.
Intrinsic hydrogen evolution capability and a theoretically supported reaction mechanism of a paddlewheel-type dirhodium complex
Authors: Kataoka Yusuke , Yano Natsumi , Handa Makoto , Kawamoto Tatsuya
Published: February 2019

The intrinsic capability of the paddlewheel-type dirhodium tetraacetate complex, [Rh2(O2CCH3)4(H2O)2] ([1(H2O)2]), as a hydrogen evolution catalyst (HEC) for photochemical hydrogen evolution from aqueous solution was illustrated.
Rational synthesis and dimensionality tuning of MOFs from preorganized heterometallic molecular complexes
Authors: Sapianik Aleksandr A. , Kiskin Mikhail A. , Kovalenko Konstantin A. , Samsonenko Denis G. , Dybtsev Danil N. , Audebrand Nathalie , Sun Yaguang , Fedin Vladimir P.
Published: February 2019

Rational synthesis of heterometallic MOFs was carried out by the judicious choice of pivalate complexes and a tricarboxylate linker defining their dimensionality.
Cashew apple fiber prevents high fat diet-induced obesity in mice: an NMR metabolomic evaluation
Authors: Carvalho Diana Valesca , Silva Lorena Mara Alexandre , Alves Filho Elenilson Godoy , Santos Flávia Almeida , Lima Renan Pereira de , Viana Ana Flávia Seraine Custódio , Nunes Paulo Iury Gomes , Fonseca Said Gonçalves da Cruz , Melo Tiago Sousa de , Viana Daniel de Araújo , Gallão Maria Izabel , Brito Edy Sousa de
Published: February 2019

Dietary fiber intake plays an important role in the prevention of obesity.
Protective effects of polyphenolic extracts from longan seeds promote healing of deep second-degree burn in mice
Authors: Zhao Lei , Wang Kai , Li Weichao , Soteyome Thanapop , Xiao Hang , Hu Zhuoyan
Published: February 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of a polyphenolic extract from longan seeds as a wound-healing material for deep second-degree burn wounds.
Gradient in the electric field for particle position detection in microfluidic channels
Authors: Solsona Miguel , Westerbeek Eiko Y. , Bomer Johan G. , Olthuis Wouter , van den Berg Albert
Published: February 2019

In this work a new method to track particles in microfluidic channels is presented.
Higher spin states in some low-energy bis(tetramethyl-1,2-diaza-3,5-diborolyl) sandwich compounds of the first row transition metals: boraza analogues of the metallocenes
Authors: Chen Jianlin , Feng Hao , Xie Yaoming , King R. Bruce , Schaefer Henry F.
Published: February 2019

Density functional studies on (Me4B2N2CH)2M (M = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) show low-energy sandwich structures for all seven metals. The lowest-energy such Cr and Mn derivatives have higher spin states than the corresponding metallocenes.
Ferrocenylethenyl-substituted oxadiazoles with phenolic and nitro anchors as sensitizers in dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Singh Amita , Kociok-Köhn Gabriele , Trivedi Manoj , Chauhan Ratna , Kumar Abhinav , Gosavi Suresh W. , Terashima Chiaki , Fujishima Akira
Published: February 2019

Ferrocenylethenyl-substituted oxadiazoles with phenolic and nitro anchors were synthesized and used as sensitizers in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
Multi-scale approach for modeling stability, aggregation, and network formation of nanoparticles suspended in aqueous solutions
Authors: Cardellini Annalisa , Alberghini Matteo , Govind Rajan Ananth , Misra Rahul Prasanna , Blankschtein Daniel , Asinari Pietro
Published: February 2019

Multi-scale computational framework to investigate interactions between bare and surfactant-coated nanoparticles in aqueous solutions beyond classical DLVO and aggregation theories.
Topological insulator n–p–n junctions in a magnetic field
Authors: Banerjee Abhishek , Sundaresh Ananthesh , Biswas Sangram , Ganesan R. , Sen Diptiman , Anil Kumar P. S.
Published: February 2019

Gate control of quantum Hall edge modes in a topological insulator n–p–n junction device is demonstrated.
Palladium-catalyzed intermolecular [4 + 2] formal cycloaddition with (Z)-3-iodo allylic nucleophiles and allenamides
Authors: Yan Fachao , Liang Hanbing , Ai Bing , Liang Wenjing , Jiao Luyang , Yao Shuzhi , Zhao Pingping , Liu Qing , Dong Yunhui , Liu Hui
Published: February 2019

A highly chemo- and regioselective [4 + 2] formal cycloaddition of (Z)-3-iodo allylic nucleophiles and allenamides catalyzed by palladium is reported.
Facile synthesis of highly porous CuO nanoplates (NPs) for ultrasensitive and highly selective nitrogen dioxide/nitrite sensing
Authors: Mali Shivsharan M. , Narwade Shankar S. , Navale Yuraj H. , Patil Vikas. B. , Sathe Bhaskar R.
Published: February 2019

Copper oxide (CuO) nanoplates (NPs of ∼100 nm width) have been successfully synthesized by using a chemical method (emulsion method). Superior catalytic activities towards both chemical and electrochemical sensing of nitrite were achieved.
Target-induced structure switching of aptamers facilitates strand displacement for DNAzyme recycling amplification detection of thrombin in human serum
Authors: Li Jin , Wang Sujing , Jiang Bingying , Xiang Yun , Yuan Ruo
Published: February 2019

Target-induced sequence proximity leads to strand displacement formation of DNAzymes for amplified detection of thrombin in human serum.
Room-temperature phosphorescent γ-cyclodextrin-cucurbit[6]uril-cowheeled [4]rotaxanes for specific sensing of tryptophan
Authors: Yu Xingke , Liang Wenting , Huang Qinfei , Wu Wanhua , Chruma Jason J. , Yang Cheng
Published: February 2019

The room temperature phosphorescence of iodine-substituted-γ-CD-CB[6]-cowheeled[4] rotaxanes was quenched specifically by tryptophan among plasma amino acids.
Polymorphism in M(H2PO2)3 (M = V, Al, Ga) compounds with the perovskite-related ReO3 structure
Authors: Evans Hayden A. , Deng Zeyu , Collings Ines E. , Wu Yue , Andrews Jessica L. , Pilar Kartik , Tuffnell Joshua M. , Wu Guang , Wang John , Dutton Siân E. , Bristowe Paul D. , Seshadri Ram , Cheetham Anthony K.
Published: February 2019

The connectivity of the ReO3 structure is reproduced in a series of hypophosphite compounds, M(H2PO2)3, where M = V, Al, Ga.
Regioselective synthesis of polycyclic sulfonesviaradical-induced three-component bicyclization cascades
Authors: Qin Xiao-Yan , He Long , Li Jing , Hao Wen-Juan , Tu Shu-Jiang , Jiang Bo
Published: February 2019

New radical-triggered three-component bicyclization cascades of 2-alkynylaryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates with a sulfur dioxide surrogate DABCO·(SO2)2and internal alkynes have been reported for the first time, leading to 49 examples of polycyclic sulfones with moderate to good yields.
Nanoparticulate and microporous solid acid catalysts bearing aliphatic sulfonic acids for biomass conversion
Authors: Cho Kyoungil , Lee Sang Moon , Kim Hae Jin , Ko Yoon-Joo , Son Seung Uk
Published: February 2019

Nano-sized and microporous solid acid catalysts were developed for fructose conversion to HMF.
Oxygen surface exchange and diffusion in Pr1.75Sr0.25Ni0.75Co0.25O4±δ
Authors: Tropin Evgeniy , Ananyev Maxim , Porotnikova Natalia , Khodimchuk Anna , Saher Saim , Farlenkov Andrey , Kurumchin Edhem , Shepel Denis , Antipov Evgeny , Istomin Sergei , Bouwmeester Henny
Published: February 2019

Oxygen surface exchange and diffusion in Pr1.75Sr0.25Ni0.75Co0.25O4±δ have been investigated using two methods: pulsed isotope exchange (PIE) and oxygen isotope exchange with gas phase equilibration (IE GPE).
One key issue in characterization of organic solar cells with solution processed interfacial layers
Authors: Gao Jinhua , An Qiaoshi , Zhang Miao , Miao Jianli , Ma Xiaoling , Hu Zhenghao , Wang Jianxiao , Zhang Fujun
Published: February 2019

Solution processed PDIN interfacial layers may have some effect on the performance of OSCs; an appropriate shadow mask is necessary to measure theJ–Vcurves of OSCs with solution processed interfacial layers.
Total synthesis of levetiracetam
Authors: Narczyk Aleksandra , Mrozowicz Michał , Stecko Sebastian
Published: February 2019

Total synthesis of levetiracetam via a one-pot dehydration/rearrangement of (R,E)-hept-4-en-3-ol carbamate to the corresponding allylamine derivative is reported.
Correction: Bioactive spiropyrrolizidine oxindole alkaloid enantiomers from Isatis indigotica fortune
Authors: Liu Si-Fan , Lin Bin , Xi Yu-Fei , Zhou Le , Lou Li-Li , Huang Xiao-Xiao , Wang Xiao-Bo , Song Shao-Jiang
Published: February 2019

Correction for ‘Bioactive spiropyrrolizidine oxindole alkaloid enantiomers from Isatis indigotica fortune’ by Si-Fan Liu et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2018, 16, 9430–9439.
Interaction behaviors and structural characteristics of zein/NaTC nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Xiaoyong , Fan Min
Published: February 2019

Bile salts are biosurfactants distributed in the human gastrointestinal tract, which can significantly influence the structure and functions of orally administrated components.
Reusable bentonite clay: modelling and optimization of hazardous lead andp-nitrophenol adsorption using a response surface methodology approach
Authors: Zbair Mohamed , Anfar Zakaria , Ahsaine Hassan Ait
Published: February 2019

In this work, bentonite clay (BC) calcined at 500 °C was used as an adsorbent (BC-500) for the adsorption of Pb2+andp-nitrophenol.
Flexible transparent film heaters using a ternary composite of silver nanowire, conducting polymer, and conductive oxide
Authors: Park Juhyung , Han Dongjun , Choi Seunghwan , Kim Yunkyung , Kwak Jeonghun
Published: February 2019

A high-performance flexible thin film heater using AgNW–PEDOT:PSS/ITO, exhibiting stable operation in water.
Synthesis and characterisation of rylene diimide dimers using molecular handcuffs
Authors: Yang Lixu , Langer Philipp , Davies E. Stephen , Baldoni Matteo , Wickham Katherine , Besley Nicholas A. , Besley Elena , Champness Neil R.
Published: February 2019

Mechanically interlocked handcuffs provide a strategy to study rylene diimide dimers and to investigate their electronic and magnetic properties.
Correction: Flower-like gold nanoparticles for enhanced photothermal anticancer therapy by the delivery of pooled siRNA to inhibit heat shock stress response
Authors: Liu Yanan , Xu Meng , Zhao Yingyu , Chen Xu , Zhu Xufeng , Wei Chunfang , Zhao Shuang , Liu Jie , Qin Xiuying
Published: February 2019

Correction for ‘Flower-like gold nanoparticles for enhanced photothermal anticancer therapy by the delivery of pooled siRNA to inhibit heat shock stress response’ by Yanan Liu et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2019, 7, 586–597.
Fully integrated bio‐chip with high sensitivity for electrochemical sensing application
Authors: Chen W.‐H. , Chang C.‐H. , Shih H.‐Y. , Chiu T.‐W. , Kuo C.‐N.
Published: February 2019

This Letter presents a fully integrated bio‐system with the property of high sensitivity for electrochemical detection, which can intrinsically measure electrochemical characteristics with cyclic voltammetry. In normal circumstances, ultra‐low electrolytes exist in tissue solution, which is difficult to accurately detect the oxidation/reduction signals, limited by the innate circuit and liquid noise. Hence, the conventional topology of the potentiostat circuit is improved and proposed in this Letter to remove the required analogue‐to‐digital converter (ADC). The overall operational mechanism of the potentiostat behaves like a single‐slope ADC, which achieves a compact, easily implemented, and low‐noise design. Additionally, the effective capacitance of potentiostat and liquid resistance make an RC integration to further suppress out‐of‐band noise, thereby enabling the low‐electrolyte detection and improving detecting sensitivity. To simulate the low‐electrolyte environment, only 0.01 M (M = mol/l) phosphate buffered saline background solution is used and required to demonstrate its feasibility of the concept. The measured results show the sensor chip with high sensitivity to sense resistive variation of electrochemical action in low electrolytes.
Analysis and control on Sub‐synchronous oscillation(SSO) of HVDC transmission for large‐scale permanent magnet synchronous generators(PMSG)‐based wind farm integration
Authors: Xiaoyu Zhan , Chao Liu , Zhibing Wang
Published: February 2019

The high‐voltage DC transmission (HVDC) technology has become more and more popular for grid integration of large and remote wind farms. There was the new form of SSO appeared in Xinjing Grid which was the PMSG integration through an HVDC system, so the SSO was studied. The detailed model of the wind power transmission system through the two‐terminal HVDC system was established. With the small signal method in case of the SSO fed into the system, due to the characteristics of the PMSG and HVDC topology, the expressions of the output signal of SSO were derived. Based on the ideal model，a control scheme for SSO suppression was proposed from the perspective of the PMSG controller. Finally, verified the rationality and effectiveness of the method based on the simplified Xinjiang grid model.
Biomimetic mineralisation of calcium carbonate using xanthan gum as morphology control agent
Authors: Xu Wei , Liu Huang , Lou Yucui , Jin Weiping , Xue Xiaonan , Liu Xinfang , Yang Ningning
Published: February 2019

Biomimetic synthesis of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with various sizes and morphologies using organic matrix has become an interesting hotspot. CaCO3 was synthesised by the reaction of Na2CO3 and CaCl2 in the presence of xanthan gum (XG). The results showed that the fresh mineralised CaCO3/XG were microspheres with large surface area and porosity. The original CaCO3/XG microspheres transformed to brick‐like CaCO3 after ageing 7 days at 4°C. During the morphology transformation, CaCO3 spheres rearranged by attaching to XG molecular, and transformed from a macroscopic view of CaCO3 microspheres to a hexahedral structure related with the XG uncoiled single chains re‐associating into loose several‐fold helix. The study demonstrated that environmental effect coupled XG could be one feasible approach to regulate the structure of CaCO3.
Linearity improvement in E‐mode ferroelectric GaN MOS‐HEMT using dual gate technology
Authors: Panda Deepak Kumar , Lenka Trupti Ranjan
Published: February 2019

In this work, an enhancement mode dual gate ferroelectric gallium nitride metal oxide semiconductor‐high electron mobility transistor (GaN MOS‐HEMT) is proposed with enhanced linearity characteristics. The different DC characteristics of the device are analysed and compared with available experimental data of single gate un‐recessed ferroelectric GaN MOS‐HEMT. In order to analyse the linearity performance of the devices, a look up table‐based large signal model is developed directly from technology computer‐aided device simulation results built by feeding different small signal parameters. The different linearity characteristics such as input third‐order intercept point (IIP3), the input gain compression point (P1dB), third‐order intermodulation (IM3) and the carrier to intermodulation power ratio of both the devices are compared by harmonic balance simulation of the developed large signal models. The interlink between IIP3 and IM3 with transconductance indicates that the broader the transconductance distribution with respect to different gate voltage generates higher IIP3 and lower IM3, which results in an improved linearity performance. The dual gate device shows improved linearity performance resulting in applicability in radiofrequency front end receiver.
Green synthesis of ZnO/SiO2 nanocomposite from pomegranate seed extract: coating by natural xanthan polymer and its characterisations
Authors: Ali Jagar A. , Kolo Kamal , Sajadi S. Mohammed , Khaksar Manshad Abbas , Stephen Karl D.
Published: February 2019

This work presents a simple, economical and, importantly, green process to develop a nanocomposite (NC) that covers the functions of surfactant and polymer flooding in enhancing oil recovery (EOR). Thus, xanthan coated ZnO/SiO2 NC was prepared using the extract of the pomegranate seeds as a reducing and stabilising agent. The green synthesised NC was identified using the scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive spectroscopy, elemental mapping, X‐ray diffraction, and UV–vis analytical techniques. ZnO/SiO2/Xanthan NC was then dispersed in low‐salinity water (1:20 diluted seawater) at different concentrations, and high suspension stability of NC was observed at different periods of time. This investigation provides a novel and green pathway for preparing nano‐EOR fluids.
Explaining the decrease in ISM lithium at super-solar metallicities in the solar vicinity
Authors: Guiglion G. , Chiappini C. , Romano D. , Matteucci F. , Anders F. , Steinmetz M. , Minchev I. , de Laverny P. , Recio-Blanco A.
Published: February 2019

We propose here that the lithium decrease at super-solar metallicities observed in high-resolution spectroscopic surveys can be explained by the interplay of mixed populations that originate in the inner regions of the Milky Way disk. The lower lithium content of these stars is a consequence of inside-out disk formation plus radial migration. In this framework, local stars with super-solar metallicities would have migrated to the solar vicinity and depleted their original lithium during their travel time. To obtain this result, we took advantage of the AMBRE catalog of lithium abundances combined with chemical evolution models that take into account the contribution to the lithium enrichment by different nucleosynthetic sources. A large proportion of migrated stars can explain the observed lower lithium abundance at super-solar metallicities. We stress that no stellar model is currently able to predict Li-depletion for these super-solar metallicity stars, and solar Li-depletion has to be assumed. In addition, no solid quantitative estimate of the proportion of migrated stars in the solar neighborhood and their travel time is currently available. Our results illustrate how important it is to properly include radial migration when chemical evolution models are compared to observations, and that in this case, the lithium decrease at larger metallicities does not necessarily imply that stellar yields have to be modified, contrary to previous claims in the literature.
Population genetics of Indian giant river-catfish,Sperata seenghala(Sykes, 1839) using microsatellite markers
Authors: Acharya Aditya P. , Pavan-Kumar Annam , Gireesh-Babu Pathakota , Joshi Chaitanya G. , Chaudhari Aparna , Krishna Gopal
Published: February 2019

The giant river-catfishSperata seenghalais one of the commercially important freshwater catfishes of India with wide distribution in all major rivers and reservoirs. This fish has huge demand in domestic market due to high nutritional value and low number of intramuscular bones. Conversely, the culture practices for this fish have not yet been standardized and capture fisheries is the only source to meet the demand. This may lead to over exploitation of resources and subsequent population reduction. Knowledge on genetic structure of populations is prerequisite to formulate sustainable management and conservation measures. In the present study, 15 microsatellites were used to characterize population genetics ofS. seenghalacollected from river Brahmaputra, Ganga, Godavari, Mahanadi and Narmada. Locus-wise, the number of alleles varied from 8 to 19 with an average of 12 alleles per locus. The mean observed and expected heterozygosity values varied from 0.622 to 0.699 and 0.733 to 0.774, respectively. Several loci have shown deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and no significant linkage disequilibrium between pairs of loci was detected. Pair-wiseFSTvalues between populations ranged from 0.135 (Brahmaputra–Ganga) to 0.173 (Brahmaputra–Narmada) and confirmed the moderate to high genetic differentiation among the populations. AMOVA, Structure and Principal Co-ordinate analyses showed significant genetic differentiation among the sampled populations ofS. seenghala. A total of 65 private alleles were recorded across populations. This study confirmed the distinctiveness of each population ofS. seenghalafrom five major rivers of India. These populations could be treated as distinct management units (MUs) for assessment and management purpose.
A hybrid analytical algorithm for nonlinear fractional wave-like equations
Authors: Kumar Devendra , Singh Jagdev , Purohit Sunil Dutt , Swroop Ram
Published: February 2019

In this work, we aim to present a hybrid numerical scheme based on the homotopy analysis transform method (HATM) to examine the fractional model of nonlinear wave-like equations having variable coefficients, which narrate the evolution of stochastic systems. The wave-like equation models the erratic motions of small particles that are dipped in fluids and fluctuations of the stochastic behavior of exchange rates. The uniqueness and existence of HATM solution have also been discussed. Some numerical examples are given to establish the accurateness and effectiveness of the suggested scheme. Furthermore, we show that the proposed computational approach can give much better approximation than perturbation and Adomain decomposition method, which are the special cases of HATM. The result exhibits that the HATM is very productive, straight out and computationally very attractive.
Propagation of two independent sources of uncertainty in the electrocardiography imaging inverse solution
Authors: Fikal Najib , Aboulaich Rajae , El Guarmah El Mahdi , Zemzemi Nejib
Published: February 2019

This study investigates the effects of the input parameter uncertainties (organ conductivities, boundary data, etc.) on the electrocardiography (ECG) imaging problem. These inputs are very important for the construction of the torso potential for the forward problem and for the non-invasive electrical potential on the heart surface in the case of the inverse problem.

We propose a new stochastic formulation that allows us to combine both sources of errors. We formulate the forward and inverse stochastic problems by considering the input parameters as random fields and a stochastic optimal control formulation. In order to quantify multiple independent sources of uncertainties on the forward and inverse solutions, we attribute suitable probability density functions for each randomness source and apply stochastic finite elements based on generalized polynomial chaos method. The efficiency of this approach to solve the forward and inverse ECG problems and the usability to quantify the effect of organ conductivity and epicardial boundary data uncertainties in the torso are demonstrated by a number of numerical simulations on a two-dimensional computational mesh of a realistic torso geometry.
Characterizations of two different fractional operators without singular kernel
Authors: Yavuz Mehmet
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we analyze the behaviours of two different fractional derivative operators defined in the last decade. One of them is defined with the normalized sinc function (NSF) and the other one is defined with the Mittag-Leffler function (MLF). Both of them have a non-singular kernel. The fractional derivative operator defined with the MLF is developed by Atangana and Baleanu (ABO) in 2016 and the other operator defined with the normalized sinc function (NSFDO) is created by Yanget al.in 2017. These mentioned operators have some advantages to model the real life problems and to solve them. On the other hand, since the Laplace transform (LT) of the ABO can be calculated more easily, it can be preferred to solve linear/nonlinear problems. In this study, we use the perturbation method with coupled the LTs of these operators to analyze their performance in solving some fractional differential equations. Furthermore, by constructing the error analysis, we test the practicability and usefulness of the method.
Abdominelle Notfallsonografie in der Intensiv- und Akutmedizin
Authors: Schreiber Michael , Greim Clemens-Alexander
Published: February 2019

Die sonografischen Untersuchungstechniken unterstützen die Point-of-Care-Diagnostik (POC-Diagnostik) bei akutmedizinischen Fragestellungen. Für den Intensiv- und Notfallmediziner gilt: Kenntnisse und Fertigkeiten einer fokussierten Sonografie sind unabdingbar. Dieser Artikel beleuchtet die Optionen der abdominellen Notfallsonografie und gibt praktische Hilfestellung.
SPECT-Untersuchungen mit dem 123I-markierten
Dopamintransporter-Liganden FP-CIT (DaTSCANTM)
Authors: Tatsch Klaus , Buchert Ralph , Bartenstein Peter , Barthel Henryk , Boecker Henning , Brust Peter , Drzezga Alexander , la Fougère Christian , Gründer Gerhard , Grünwald Frank , Krause Bernd-J. , Kuwert Torsten , Langen Karl-Josef , Rominger Axel , Sabri Osama , Schreckenberger Mathias , Meyer Philipp T.
Published: February 2019

Die S1-Leitlinie soll bei der Indikationsstellung, Durchführung, Interpretation
und Befundung von SPECT-Untersuchungen des Dopamintransporters (DAT) mit
DaTSCANTM unterstützen. Gegenüber der Vorgängerversion von 2007
berücksichtigt die vorliegende Aktualisierung und Überarbeitung die neuere
wissenschaftliche Literatur, zwischenzeitlich veröffentlichte Guidelines der
europäischen (EANM) und amerikanischen Fachgesellschaften (SNM), sowie die
aktuelle Fassung der S3-Leitlinie „Idiopathisches Parkinson-Syndrom“ der
Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie. Zudem finden neue technische
Möglichkeiten Berücksichtigung.