bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Suggestions for the Development of Vehicle Ro-Ro Transportation in the Chuanjiang River
Authors: Xie Shi Ping , Han Xue Feng
Published: August 2013

The Truck Ro-Ro transportation in the Chuanjiang river, following its first10 years' rapid development, is facing the external competition from coastal expressway and railway freight transportation and experiencing the internal challenge of changing the shipping modes. Ro-Ro transportation enterprises should take full advantage of the macro policy of the overall scheme of Yangtze river gold waterway construction during the 10th five-year period and grasp the opportunity to make further research on the shipping modes and the scientific distribution of transport capacity of Ro-Ro ships so as to make the transformation of transport mods in time and promote its sustainable development.
Research on Oil Depot Safety Evaluation Based on Dow Chemical Fire and Explosion Index Assessment Method
Authors: He Shou Hui , Zhu Han Hua , Fan Shi Dong , Wen Quan
Published: August 2013

At the present time, the Dow Chemical Fire and Explosion Index (F&EI) is a kind of risk index evaluation method that is comprehensively used in evaluating potential hazard, area of exposure, expected losses in case of fire and explosion, etc. As the research object to oil depot storage tank area, this article ultimately confirms establishing appropriate pattern of process unit as well as reasonable safety precautions compensating method, in order to insure the reasonableness of evaluating result, by means of selecting process unit, confirming material factor and compensating safety precautions, using F&EI method. This can provide the basis for theoretical ground in aspect of oil depot development and safety production management.
Investigation on Safety Condition of Cell Phone Charging
Authors: Wang Xian Yun
Published: August 2013

The paper studies the safety condition of cell phone using to provide data and support for preventive measures to be made. The places with dense population such as stations and supermarkets are where the investigation is made, in which 682 cell phone users were investigated. Statistics is used to do the analysis (χ2 to inspect, P < 0.05 to show significant difference). The results of investigation show that (1) 10.7% of informants have no awareness of risks of cell phone charging. (2) 9.68% people use non original batteries or chargers and is especially serious with elder people (χ2=11.3526, P<0.05). (3) 97.8% people have overcharged up their batteries no matter they are well or poorly educated (χ2=1.5346 P >0.05). (4) Only 7.77% people use private sockets, with no relation to education level, age and gender (χ2=1.5346, χ2=1.0892, χ2=1.5346, all P >0.05). Conclusion: People have low awareness of safety use of cell phone and propagation and education should be strengthened.
Characterization of High Density Solid Waste Biopolymer Foam
Authors: Ghani M. Khairul Zaimy Abd , Rus Anika Zafiah Mohd , Latif Najibah A.
Published: August 2013

Waste cooking oils are problematic disposal especially in the developed countries. Management of such oil is a significant challenge due to the disposal problems and possible contamination of the water and landfills. Thus, paper presented the synthesized of polyol based on waste cooking oil as raw material to produce Bio-foam polymer. The purpose of the study is to develop the High Density solid Biopolymer (HDB) foam by using hot compression moulding technique. The tensile strength and damping characterization shows a good correlation with it density. The maximum tensile strength of HDB is 4.89 MPa with Youngs Modulus of 0.26 GPa. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrograph, shows two characteristic and classified as a brittle and ductile fracture of granular (shiny) texture or cleavage character with little yielding before the sample breaks. Brittle fracture was characterized by rapid crack propagation and ductile fracture by stress whitening zone meanwhile, the damping characteristics have been studied via vibration test. It is revealed that HDB foam was highly absorbed the vibration frequency up to 19.2% as compared to rigid HDB foam of only 5.7%. Furthermore, the addition of sandwich layer of the vibrational test were revealed unchanged of the amplitude values.
Effect of Applied Current Density on the Electrodeposition of Ni on Ti Substrate
Authors: Ab Malek Siti Norsafurah , Mohd Yusairie
Published: August 2013

Ni coatings were successfully electrodeposited on Ti substrates using galvanostatic technique. The scanning electron micrography showed a smooth coating with a few round particles formed at current density of-1 mA/cm2, whereas the Ti surface was fully covered with round particles consisting of like-worm fibrils when applying higher current densities of-5 and-10 mA/cm2. The stability and electrocatalytic activity tests were conducted by cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic techniques. The results indicate that Ni/Ti catalysts prepared at current densities of-5 and-10 mA/cm2 possess high active surface area and exhibit higher electrocatalytic activity performance towards methanol oxidation as compared to Ni/Ti prepared at-1 mA/cm2. It was concluded that the deposition current density has significantly influenced the formation of Ni coatings on Ti substrate which consequently affecting the performance of electro-oxidation of methanol. The Ni/Ti catalysts also have good stability for the oxidation process in alkaline solution.
Antimicrobial and Physical Properties of Chitosan Film as Affected by Solvent Types and Glycerol as Plasticizer
Authors: Adila Syarifah Nur , Suyatma Nugraha Edhi , Firlieyanti Antung Sima , Bujang Aishah
Published: August 2013

This study aims to evaluate the influence of solvent acids and glycerol as plasticizer on the antimicrobial and physical properties of chitosan films. Three types of acids were used in the same concentration, e.g. 1% acetic acid, 1% citric acid and 1% lactic acid whereas glycerol was fixed on 10% (w/w). In terms of barrier properties, chitosan film obtained by citric acid as solvent showed the lowest water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) followed by chitosan film prepared with lactic acid and acetic acid. Concerning mechanical properties, chitosan film prepared with acetic acid exhibited the highest tensile strength and the lowest percentage elongation. The expected result was obtained where plasticized chitosan films had higher percentage elongation than the unplasticized one. In this study, disc and well diffusion method were used against bacteria, yeast and fungi to characterize antimicrobial activity of the obtained films. When the disc diffusion method was used, all of chitosan films showed an inhibition activity against E. coli, B. cereus and S. aureus whereas no inhibition against Penicillium sp. and Candida sp except chitosan film prepared with acetic acid that showed inhibition against Candida sp. The same result was observed by using well diffusion method with the exception of chitosan solutions prepared with acetic acid solution where they also showed inhibition activity against Penicillium sp. and Candida sp.
Mechanical Properties of UV Irradiated Bio Polymer Thin Films Doped with Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Siti M. Rahmah , Rus Anika Zafiah M. , Nurulsaidatulsyida S. , Talib D.A. , Ya T.M.Y.S. Tuan
Published: August 2013

This study reports on the effect of UV-light on the mechanical properties of bio polymer thin films (BPF) doped with 10 % Titanium Dioxide (TiO2). Bio monomer was mixed with 4, 4-methylenebis (phenylisocyanate) (MDI) to produce neat BPF and TiO2 was added to form BPF doped with 10 % TiO2. The film samples were irradiated in UV Accelerated Weatherometer at 50 °C with different exposure time. Universal Testing Machine was used to measure the tensile strength and the fracture surfaces of the tensile specimens were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The maximum tensile strength of UV irradiated neat BPF is lower than BPF doped with 10 % TiO2 of 3.5 MPa and 4.2 MPa respectively. Stress of neat BPF was decreased from 3.7 MPa to 3.2 MPa after 144 hours of UV exposure at 50 °C while BPF doped with 10 % TiO2 decrease from 4.7 to 3.6 MPa. The Modulus Young of neat BPF is lower than BPF doped with 10 % TiO2 which are 0.32 GPa and 0.33 GPa respectively. The cumulative strain percentage irradiated neat BPF is lower than BPF doped with 10 % TiO2 with 98.7 % and 113.7 % respectively. Unexposed UV light of neat BPF and BPF doped with 10 % TiO2 were observed by SEM shows smooth fracture and brittle fracture respectively. Neat BPF and BPF doped with 10 % TiO2 exposed to UV light show higher ductility property as compared to unexposed BPF. The higher the exposure time of BPF to UV light, revealed systematic increment of tensile strength due to increased crosslink between isocyanate and hydroxyl group.
Optimal Conditions of Electrostatic Spray Deposition (ESD) for Composite Biomaterials Coating for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Nakkiew Wasawat
Published: August 2013

Various types of metals and alloys are used for medical implants due to their excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance; however, their lacks of osteoinductive properties bring about the introduction of biomaterials which can help enhancing the bioactivity between the bones and the implants. Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, or HA) which is one of the calcium phosphates that has similar mineral constituents of human bone, has been used as coating material to the metals/alloys substrate. Coating HA usually involves high-temperature such as the plasma spraying coating, which can alter the crystal structure of the HA partially become amorphous. The amorphous nature of HA lessen the benefits of coating with the biomaterial HA. Electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) was used in this research due to the fact that this process is simple, economical, and room-temperature operated. The preliminary results showed a promising thickness layer of about 40 μm; however, the adhesion of the coated layer to the stainless steel 316L was improved by mixing the HA powder with phosphate bioglass and cured in the vacuum furnace at 700oC. Taguchi experimental design technique was used for screening several ESD process parameters: powder feed rate, voltage, current, air volume, distances, time, and nozzle types to significant factors to the coated thickness of the ESD process. The results showed that feed rate, air volume, and time were the significant factors and then Full factorial analysis and response surface method was used for obtaining optimal conditions for the coating, as well as the predicted equation for determine the thickness coated layer with significant factors.
Development Status of Laser Clad Cobalt-Based Alloy Coatings
Authors: Yu Hui Jun
Published: August 2013

Laser cladding, as an effective method of metal surface modification, is to fuse an alloy coating of enhanced mechanical and chemical properties on the surface of a substrate. Therefore, laser cladding has been attracting continuous and extensive research for years. In this paper, the research progress in laser clad cobalt-based alloys is summarized. The preparing processes, microstructures, properties and influence factors of laser clad cobalt-based alloys coatings and their ceramic particles strengthened composites coatings are analyzed systematically. And the existing problems, some solving measures, the development tendencies and industral uses are presented.
AlPO4-Modified Silicate Glasses as a Fertile Source for Crystallization of Various Technically Favorable Minerals
Authors: Aboud Taufik
Published: August 2013

Reagent grade chemicals were used to explore glass formation ability and allocate the glass forming area for the glass system SiO2-P2O5-Al2O3-MgO-Na2O. FT-IR, DTA, DSC and TMA techniques were employed to characterize the obtained glasses. The multicomponent, mixed network glasses, in which AlPO4 tetrahedral units are being incorporated into the network structure through substitution for pairs of SiO4 tetrahedra, exhibit high durability, low thermal expansivity (at Al2O3/P2O5 ˃1), relatively high softening temperatures (at low P2O5 contents) and an increased thermal stability (poor tendency for crystallization). When heated at high temperatures and / or for long periods of time, and depending on their AlPO4 content, together with the Al2O3/P2O5 ratio, the glasses crystallize through a multistage process involving reconstruction and depolymerization of the glasses network structure. The crystallization behavior of many different glasses was investigated, phases identified and characterized, through XRD, and SEM coupled with EDX and X-ray mapping together with optical microscopy. The powder ceramization route had to be used to achieve the devitrification of the glasses with high thermal stability. Berlinite, corundum, spinel, indialite and cordierite among others were the crystallizing phases when different glasses were heated for various times. Microporous materials made of some of these technically favorable minerals, and characterized by an interesting morphologies were obtained, through acid leaching of some of the glass-ceramics produced. It is believed that the glass system under investigation is a fertile one, the crystallization of some glasses within it, represents another fabrication route for obtaining glass-ceramics with specific crystalline phases, as well as microporous materials made of such phase. In both cases, packages of the most suitable properties are obtainable.
Effects of Kenaf and Rice Husk on Thermal Properties of Kenaf/CaCO3/HDPE and Rice Husk/CaCO3/HDPE Hybrid Composites
Authors: Noor Zuhaira Abd Aziz , Mohamed Rahmah
Published: August 2013

In this research, rice husk and kenaf fiber were compounded with calcium carbonate (CaCO3)/high density polyethylene (HDPE) composite.Different loadings of up to 30 parts of 50 mesh sizes of rice husk particulate and kenaf fiber were compounded using twin-screw extruder with fixed 30 parts of CaCO3 fillerto produce hybrid composites of rice husk/CaCO3/HDPE and kenaf/CaCO3/HDPE.Compounded hybrid composites were prepared and tested for thermal properties. The thermal stability of the components was examined by thermogravimetricanalysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC). The DSC results showed a slightly changes in melting temperature (Tm), crystallization temperature (Tc) and the degree of crystallinity (Xc) with addition of natural fiber. TGA indicates thermal stability of hybrid composite filled with kenaf or rice husk is better than unfilledCaCO3/HDPE composite.
Effects on Tensile and Morphology Properties of Casuarina equisetifolia Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites
Authors: Nurulaini Borhan , A.Z. Romli , Abidin Mohd Hanafiah
Published: August 2013

New knowledge in findings potential usage of natural fiber as new material in composite technology has been increased gradually in years and these natural fiber materials are well known as competent material which can become an alternative material to the conventional and synthetic materials for suitable applications. In this research, Casuarina equisetifolia leaf was used as bio-based fiber and unsaturated polyester composite as the matrix due to its natural surface roughness without any chemical treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various weight loadings of Casuarina equisetifolia in unsaturated polyester composites on the tensile test and morphological studies. The composite samples were fabricated by using press machine with mould dimension of (15x15x0.3) cm. From the tensile test results, tensile strength of the composite samples decreases with the increment of Casuarina equisetifolia by weight loadings. The surface morphology of the fractures composite samples was then analyzed using the microscopy technique (SEM) and found the evidence of fractured fiber breakage and voids content of the samples. Base on the result obtained, the tensile strength at 30% up to 50% weight loading of Casuarina equisetifolia has the potential to be used in non-structural applications.
Effect of Crack Length on Mixed-Mode Cohesive Fracture of the Adhesively Bonded Joints
Authors: Bakhtiari Reza , Darabi Ehsan , Ravaee Ali
Published: August 2013

In this paper, the mixed-mode cohesive fracture behavior of adhesively bonded joints was investigated based on numerical analysis. A modified version of Arcan specimen was employed to conduct a mixed-mode fracture test using a special loading device. A full range of mixed-mode loading conditions including pure mode-I and pure mode-II loading were created by ABAQUS software. This test method is a simple procedure, clamping/unclamping the specimens is easy to achieve and only one type of specimen is required to generate all loading conditions. Finite element analyses were carried out on specimens with different adherends in order to investigate deeply about cohesive fracture behavior of adhesively bonded joints.
Blow Forming of Steel and IN718 for Propulsion Components
Authors: Lee Ho Sung , Yoon Jong Hoon , Yoo Joon Tae , Choi Ji Ung
Published: August 2013

Blow forming technology has been used to produce glass and plastic components with easy and simple process. In order to apply this technology to metallic system, relatively high formability of material and elevated temperature are required. Since the blow forming temperature is quite high for metallic system, the main difficulty is to obtain adequate mold material which can sustain pressure difference between inside and outside of the tool. The present study demonstrates blow forming process with IN718 and steel can be applied to manufacturing of combustion chamber in liquid propellant rocket engine with complex shape. The result shows that the developed technology to process design of high temperature blow forming by the finite element method can be applied for near net shape forming of a combustion chamber of liquid rocket engine and a cone-shaped chamber extension part with cooling channels.
Investigate the Lubrication Effects on Cutting Force and Power Consumption in Up and Down End Milling
Authors: Pa Nik Masmiati Nik , Sarhan Ahmed Aly Diaa , Shukor Mohd Hamdi Abd , Mohamed Mohsen Abdelnaeim Hassanim
Published: August 2013

Milling is a machining process by which a surface is generated by a progressive chip removal. An experimental investigation has been carried out on the performance of up and down milling under dry and flood conditions when end milling medium carbon steel utilizing titanium coated carbide tools. The performances are evaluated in terms of the cutting force, specific energy and power of cutting tool. The results show that milling in dry condition under up milling mode produce higher cutting force, specific energy and power. However, cutting under down milling mode gives less significant effect either being cut in dry or flood condition.
In Situ Transesterification of Vegetable Oil for Biodiesel Production via Ultrasound Clamp on Tubular Reactor as an Environment Sustainable Manufacturing Process
Authors: Soon Leong Boon , Rus Anika Zafiah M. , Hasan Sulaiman
Published: August 2013

Biodiesel is defines as monoalkyl fatty acid ester has represents a promising alternative to be substituted as an alternative fuel for the use of diesel engines and it is produced by chemically reacting the vegetable oil with an alcohol in a process called the transesterification process. The reaction usually requires a catalyst such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) and methanol to obtain chemical compound called methyl esters which will then be known as biodiesel. The approach of this research is to enhance the yielding of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters, FAME by using ultrasound clamp on tubular reactor. With the assistance of the ultrasound clamp, immiscible liquids such as the vegetable oil and methanol will be able to emulsify together in a short period of time comparing to the conventional method which is by stirring the mixture leading to a longer period of time to emulsify and to achieve the desired yield of FAME. The use of ultrasonic energy will eventually cause the rapid movement of the mixture hence creating cavities where the liquids will breaks down and cavitation bubbles is produced. The optimum results for biodiesel production using ultrasound clamp assisted on the tubular reactor is 1 minute with the conversion of esters 94 % as compared to the previous researcher which achieve 98 % of esters conversion within 5 minutes. Higher esters conversion was achieved through the presence of methanol to oil molar ratio of 9:1 and 12:1, catalyst concentration of 0.75 Wt. % , 1.00 Wt. % and reaction temperature at 64 oC is being studied.
Dynamic Response of FDM Made ABS Parts in Different Part Orientations
Authors: Jami Hesamodin , Masood Syed H. , Song W.Q.
Published: August 2013

The mechanical properties of a product made in Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) rapid prototyping are strongly dependant on process parameters selected during part fabrication. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is a common material used in FDM systems. The advantages of ABS include high strength and rigidity with toughness and these properties make it one of the most common thermoplastics used in engineering applications. This paper describes an experimental investigation of dynamic stressstrain response of ABS parts made by fused deposition modelling for three different part build orientations. Currently there is limited research available for this aspect of ABS material processed by FDM systems. The high strain rate compression tests were performed using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar apparatus to determine the dynamic stress-strain response and results were compared with quasi-static behaviour of the same specimens.
Scaling up Process Output of Monomer Reactor
Authors: Rus Anika Zafiah M. , Isa Muhamad Soqhimi Mohamad , Sulong Nurul Saidatul Syida
Published: August 2013

A monomer processing reactor is a device to process used cooking oil into new substance that can be used for other applications. In this study, used cooking oil was converted to monomer via simple reactor comprised of stirrer started with laboratory scale of 2L to 5L of monomer production. A scale up process is an important process for approaching industrial scale productions. The scale up process was increased to pilot scale before it reaches to industrial scale. The reactor is designed based on lab scale process for producing monomer from used cooking oil. The most important point of the device design is to produce larger amount of monomer compared to lab scale equipment. The device can produce 15liters of monomer per production. The monomer has the same properties and quality of monomer that were produced using laboratory equipment.
Numerical Simulation of Detonation in Fine Aluminum-Oxygen Mixtures with Hybrid Combustion Model
Authors: Yang Xiang Long , Xiao Qing Zhou , Lei Yang , Huang Zhong Wei
Published: August 2013

The detonation of fine aluminum-oxygen mixtures was numerical simulated using a hybrid combustion model. The emphasis was laid on the influence of the decomposition of Al2O3 on the detonation structure. Results showed that including the decomposition of Al2O3 will limit the gas temperature behind the detonation wave below a certain value. On the other hand, a double-wave structure will appear in the pressure profiles in cases with rich-dust condition if the decomposition of Al2O3 is not included.
Characterization of Rice Straw Ash and Utilization in Glass Production
Authors: Ruangtaweep Yotsakit , Srisittipokakun Nattapon , Boonin Kitipun , Yasaka Patarawagee , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: August 2013

The recycling of rice straw fly ash (RSA) obtained from the biomass power plants has been studied. RSA was calcined at 400, 600, 800 and 1,000 °C for 3 h and investigated their compositions and structures by X-rays fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) and X-rays diffractometer (XRD) respectively. The results show that, the major compositions of RSA are SiO2 and CaO, MgO, K2O and P2O5. The XRD patterns exhibited the peak of sylvite potassium chloride phase (KCl) up to 600 °C. Since 800 °C tridymite phase SiO2 was obtained and the KCl phase was disappeared. The glasses from RSA (RSA-glass) were prepared by melt-quenched technique and investigated their optical and physical properties, compared with the glass prepared from high purity SiO2 (SiO2-glass) using the same glass formula and preparation conditions. The density and refractive index of the RSA-glass were higher than SiO2-glasses. Similar optical absorption spectra of both glasses were obtained. In addition the shoulder peak were appeared at 450 nm due to Fe3+ ion from contamination in RSA.
Investigation on Carbon Fiber Composites as Architectural EMI Shielding Material
Authors: Bin Ruslan Mohd Shafiq , Ping Chew Sue
Published: August 2013

EMI shielding technique by using appropriate shielding material in an enclosure is commonly effective to block signal penetration. This paper presents the investigations on EMI shielding effectiveness of multilayer carbon fiber composites for architectural shielding purposes. The properties of carbon fiber such as high thermal conductivity, corrosion resistant, high tensile strength and excellent EMI shielding property make it suitable to be applied in building construction. The concrete samples with insertion of carbon fiber sheets were undergone the EMI penetration test which is based on IEEE standard testing procedures. These customized structures are proven to reduce signal penetration significantly in the high frequency range up to 2 GHz.
Assessment in Screw Fixing Damages of Particleboard Surface: Difference in Screw Head and Self-Drilling Features
Authors: Abu Falah , Ahmad Mansur
Published: August 2013

Construction of kitchen cabinet in Malaysia has grown in correspond to the increasing number of housing development. However, kitchen cabinet supplier is facing with major problem regarding to the increasing number of failure that occurred at the screw jointing during kitchen cabinet installation. Thus, the objective of the study is to observed the failure or damages during screw fixing on kitchen cabinet. It was observed that the screw head and driving features effect the number of damages and the failure mode type. Screw with pan-head type has the lowest number of damages compared with countersunk head screw. Selecting screw insertion technique is also important in order to reduce number of damages. Insertion technique with pilot-hole pre-drilling managed to reduce number of damages and type of failure modes occurred. With this paper, the kitchen cabinet manufacturer will be able to select the best screw with their preferable insertion technique in order to reduce the number of damages used for kitchen cabinet jointing.
The Analysis of Feeding Crossbeam on the Automatic Aluminous-Winding Machine
Authors: Zhang Yi Hua , Hou Pei Hai , Duan Tie Qun , Gao Yuan , Han Hui Min , Yang Zhen Qi
Published: August 2013

The feeding crossbeam on the automatic aluminous-winding machine plays a supporting role in the preparation process of feeding pipe, the deformation of the feeding crossbeam have a direct impact on mechanical accuracy, it is difficult problem in model design, which is how to design a reasonable structure and make the crossbeam meets the requirements of strength and stiffness, as well achieve lightweight design. This article considers the complex force of crossbeam, and bases on the principle of virtual work and finite element theory, using ANASYS software to make a finite element model, the relation curves of the stress and the strain under the maximum load are summarized and the stress concentration area is found, The current study provides more reliable results to improve design.
The Higher Order Crack-Tip Field for Reissner's Bidirectional FGMs Spherical Shell
Authors: Dai Yao , Lei Zhang , Chong Xiao
Published: August 2013

The crack tip fields for a cracked functionally graded materials spherical shell considering Reissners effect are obtained. Similar to Williams solution for homogeneous material, the eigen-solution of the crack tip field for bi-directional FGMs spherical shell is obtained by stress superposition principle. This result can be used to deal with the crack problems for FGMs shell.
Stress Analysis and Fatigue Life Estimation of Bridge Rubber Bearing
Authors: Li Chun Shu , Yuan Guang Ming , Feng Hao
Published: August 2013

Rubber bearings are used widely in small and medium-span highway bridge structure. In this paper the transient dynamics of the plate rubber bearing and the pot rubber bearing which are widely used in practical engineering is analyzed. And the fatigue life of bridge bearing is estimated using reliability theory
Impact of Cervical Artificial Disc Implantation on the Biomechanical Function of Adjacent Segments
Authors: Zhao Wen Zhi , Li Bin , Chen Bing Zhi , He Sheng Wei , Su Jin , Zhang Lu
Published: August 2013

The range of movement(ROM) of adjacent segments and the change of intervertebral disc stress after implanting artificial cervical disc are investigated. The contact problem for bio-modeling is introduced. A normal cervical spine finite element model is proposed. The bone graft and fusion between C5 and C6 and C5/6 artificial disc implantation were simulated. The range of movement on adjacent segment and the change of intervertebral disc’s stress in such two cases are analyzed. Computational results show that the model includes the ligaments, joint capsule and other soft tissue structures, which is real, fine and high accuracy. When the adjacent intervertebral ROM was increased after interbody fusion surgery, the stress of corresponding intervertebral disc was increased obviously and the stress of upper segment of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus were also increased about 70% ,besides the next-bit segments was increased about 40%. There were no differences among cervical spine ROM except extension (p> 0.05) after the implantation of artificial disc, and the stress on adjacent segments was increased less than 10%. The implantation of artificial cervical disc can release the stress on adjacent segments in a certain extent, and resume cervical activities at the same time.
Philoponus' Comments to Aristotle's Physics as the First Step to the Development of Modern Laws of Motion
Authors: Castelli Marco Raciti , Benini Ernesto
Published: August 2013

The present work focuses on the historical importance of John Philoponus' criticism to Aristotles Physics as the basis of the birth of the science of modern mechanics. In the Physics commentary, written during the 6th century, Philoponus attacks a genuinely Aristotelian doctrine which states that motion must be the effect of some kind of force acting on a body, thus requiring the continuous operation of an external agent in order to obtain a uniform motion. On the contrary, according to Philoponus' theories, motion is the result of a force impressed by a mover and which exhausts itself during the motion. Although still erroneous, in this insightful theory the first step towards the concept of inertia in modern physics can be found.
The Analysis of Pipeline’s Penetration Laid on the Elastic-Plastic Seabed Based on the ABAQUS Software
Authors: Ren Yan Rong , Liu Yu Biao
Published: August 2013

The pipeline’s stability is the key problem of submarine pipeline’s design. In order to supply the theory basis for the pipeline’s design, the ABAQUS software has been adopted to analyze the pipe/soil system. The Ramberg-Osgood model has been adopted to simulate the seabed; the contact pair also adopted to simulate the pipe/soil system, the dynamic boundary contact problem of pipe embedded into the seabed has been analyzed. The computation has been operated according to change pipe’s subweight, environment load, pipe’s diameter, yielding stress and so on. The computation results have shown that these parameters have effects on the pipe’s penetration.
Algorithm and Realization of Wind Power Prediction System
Authors: Zhou L. , He E.W. , Wang J.C. , Chen D.H. , Chen Q.Z.
Published: August 2013

The application of wind power prediction system (WPPS) contributes to security economic dispatching of power grid and stable operation of wind farm. This paper established short-term prediction model based on BP neural network and ultrashort-term prediction model based on improved time-series algorithm according to Xichang Wind Farm Phase I Project. A new probability model using two consecutive power points before prediction time was built to improve the traditional time-series algorithm. The system framework was designed. C# Language and SQL Server 2008 were taken to develop the system on the Microsoft .net platform. The WPPS uses distributed architecture, realizing seamless connection with the energy management system (EMS) of Xichang dispatching department.
Comparison of Feedback Loop Control Schemes for Inverters in Microgrids
Authors: Xu Zhen Yu , Zhang Bing , Zhang Xu
Published: August 2013

In this paper, two multiple feedback loop control schemes for inverters of distributed generators and energy storage system in a microgrid are described. Both of the droop control method and V/F control method are based on the voltage and the current controllers . A detailed comparison of the simulation results show the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods.
The Study of Ferromagnetic Resonance Overvoltage and its Suppression Methods in 35kv Power System
Authors: Jin Wei , Shi Kuang , Li Jun Hao
Published: August 2013

Ferromagnetic resonance overvoltage is an internal overvoltage and it often occurred in the power distribution system which neutral point ungrounded. A 35kV power system is used as the prototype to establish the 35 kV substation's simulation model which is based on the ATP - EMTP and ferromagnetic resonance overvoltage is researched and analyzed In this paper. The ferromagnetic resonance overvoltage which is stimulated by single-phase ground fault is studied in this paper studied and ferromagnetic resonance suppression methods were also studied. The results show that the nonlinear resistor is connected in the PT primary neutral side and small resistance is connected in the PT open delta are effectively methods which can restrain ferromagnetic resonance overvoltage.
Optimization on Resource-Constrained Multi-Project Scheduling of Electric Multiple Unit Overhaul
Authors: Sun Peng , Shi Tian Yun , Zhang Wei Jiao
Published: August 2013

As the numbers and running distance of Chinese high-speed trains increase, many electric multiple units (EMU) gradually enter into overhaul stage, EMU maintenance bases face challenges of transition from practical exploration, regular production to lean production. In accordance of business requirement, built a model of dynamic resource allocation, task splitting, and soft precedence constraints. By the design of nonlinear decline inertia weight factor, a refined particle swarm optimization (PSO), as well as the corresponding parallel transformation scheme from particle to schedule, is presented. Finally, computational analysis is performed to validate the model and algorithm on optimization capabilities, resource utilization and performance.
Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis of Fe-W(B, C) Based Composite
Authors: Saowanee Singsarothai , Sutham Niyomwas
Published: August 2013

Fe-W based composite have successfully been prepared using natural resource. The ferberite (Fe (Mn, Sn)WO4) tailings mixed with aluminum, carbon and boron oxide powder were used as reactants. The reactants were pressed and followed by oxy-acetylene flame ignition. The products from the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) couple with dispersive X-ray (EDS).
Contrast Analysis of Solar Energy Water Heating System in the South and North of China
Authors: Lv Jian , Tang Xiao , Zhang Ying , Ma Xiao Hong , Zhen Shuai
Published: August 2013

With the development of society, the energy as the restriction of human society's development is tension increasingly, solar energy as one kind of green non-pollution energy is developed and used gradually. The combination of solar energy water heating system and buildings become more and more closely, however, the power consumption of the pump as the main energy consumption of a solar energy water heating system, the setting of the pump circulating temperature influent the power consumption of the whole system directly. This paper mainly analyze the content above. In order to give some useful advice on the design and operate of the solar energy water heating system in the future.
Switch Technology in Intelligent Substation
Authors: Wang Xiang Qun , Zhang Zeng Hua , Wang He , Li Chun Long , Sun Xiao Yan , Wang Wei
Published: August 2013

As the technology of intelligent substation is developed gradually, the significance of he Ethernet switch in the substation is obvious increasingly.Firstly, the learning and transmitting principle of Ethernet frame are introduced, then the network program of secondary system using the switch in the hierarchial structure is described. And then a detailed analysis of the VLAN, QoS, mirror and ring network is given, also the various technical application scheme are provided according to a variety of IED features and data flow characteristics. On the basis of the different business needs and different message types, the reasonable design of network topology and the flexible use of these switching technology , can support security, stability, reliable transmission of communication message in intelligent substation , therefore the whole substation becomes more strong.
Research on Neutral-Point Balancing for Three-Level Space Voltage Vector Converter
Authors: Yue Yun Tao , Xu Zhi Yong
Published: August 2013

A novel hybrid clamped dual-PWM three-level converter topology is proposed for induction motor drives in this paper. The switching states of hybrid clamp three-level converters increase to sixty-four from twenty-seven switching states of diode clamp three-level converters. In order to realize optimization of its redundant voltage space vectors by detecting voltage of clamp capacitor and difference of capacitor voltage in DC side, Generating an optimized switching pattern, The hybrid clamped three-level converter increases the voltage levels number, reducing the harmonics associated to the commutation frequency and limiting the dv/dt by all the switches . It can quickly balance the DC voltage, Realized system of 4-Quardant Running. the control circuit and main circuit was designed with DSP and CPLD, experimentation results proved it is very effective and practicability.
Modeling the Multiobjective Optimization of Electricity Consumption for Residential Consumers
Authors: Bernal-Agustín José Luis , Cortés-Arcos Tomás , Dufo-López Rodolfo , Lujano-Rojas Juan M. , Monteiro Cláudio
Published: August 2013

This paper presents a mathematical model to simultaneously optimize the cost of electricity and the satisfaction of a residential consumer using the communication infrastructure of a smart grid. For this task the concept of Pareto optimality has been used. It is possible to consider the satisfaction of the consumer as an independent objective to be maximized, and simultaneously, to minimize the cost of the electrical bill. In future works a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm will be applied along with the mathematical model presented in this paper.
A Combination Method for Mid-Long Term Power Load Simulation and Prediction
Authors: Niu Dong Xiao , Fan Lei Lei
Published: August 2013

In view of the singleness of effect evaluation indexes in combination forecasting, this paper considered both benefit factors and cost factors. The entropy method and the variance-covariance method are adopted to determine the relative importance of these indicators and to get the weight of each single model. This improved combination forecasting model took both prediction accuracy and curve similarity into consideration, which is more accurate and reliable.
Continuous PWM Modulation Strategy for NPC/H and H Bridge Hybrid Multilevel Converter
Authors: Zheng Hong , Shi Yue Lei , Zhang Hang Hui
Published: August 2013

f the ratio of NPC/H and H bridge hybrid multilevel converters DC supply voltage changed, the output voltage PWM waveform will be discontinuous. Thus an improved topology and control strategy is proposed. In new method, master converter operates at the fundamental frequency based on command voltage, slave converter adopts carrier phase shifted PWM technology (CPS-SPWM) at a higher frequency to enhance the quality of output voltage waveform. The amplitude of command voltage is higher than output voltage amplitude of the master converter at any time, to ensure that output voltage variation of both converters keeps in the same direction without any current flow backwards. Matlab simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy and topology.
Research and Design of Air Conditioning Air Flow Test Bench
Authors: Gao Yin Han , Zhao Jing Yuan , Yang Kai Yu , Wang Tian Hao , Jing Ran , Hou Bo
Published: August 2013

According to the air flow measurement principle, an automobile conditioner each outlet and atmospheric pressure based on zero characteristics has been developed. The experiment platform adopts V cone flowmeter gas flow indirect measurement of automotive air conditioning of the air outlet pipe, a detailed description of the design of the test bench of mechanical structure, measuring circuit, computer software, through the experimental result analysis, can realize the accurate measurement of air.
Mono Pulse Confocal Microwave Imaging in Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Ji Jin Zu , Li Jing
Published: August 2013

Mono pulse algorithm for confocal microwave imaging (CMI) for breast cancer detection is presented in this paper. All the antennas are used as receiver but only one is also used as transmitter. The transmitted signal is emitted for only once, thus the gross electromagnetic wave energy to the breast is reduced and the diagnosis time can be saved. Two confocal microwave imaging algorithms are presented in this paper: delay-sum-max and delay-production-sum. Both algorithms use the same delayed backscattered signals as the convectional CMI. The difference is how to use the delayed signals to form the image of the scattering intensity. Delay-sum-max method adds the signal together to generate the different value in confocal point via coherent and incoherent addition. Delay-production-sum algorithm products the delayed signal so as to make the assigned value in the confocal point outside the tumor is nearly zero. The image results can be compliment for more confirm diagnosis. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used for simulation on 3 models of different tumor arrangements. The results show both methods are effective in detecting single-tumor, while there are some limitations in dealing with multi-tumor.
Assisted Analyze of the Extenics Dependent Functions in 1D, 2D, 3D and nD Dimensions with LabVIEW Instrumentation
Authors: Olaru Adrian
Published: August 2013

Assisted analyze of the Extenics dependent functions theory is necessary to study easily all influences of the current point in to the space of nR dimensions. The Extenics theory was defined by prof. Cai Wen in 1983 and his collaborators in the mathematical, philosophy and logical models [1-. This paper inspired from the Extenics theory try to transfer the mathematical formalism in to the virtual LabVIEW instrumentation what can be easily establish, by on-line calculus of the dependent functions, the affiliation of one class or interval in the nR dimensions and validate all Extenics conditions. The research established the complex field of the dependent functions, when the work point is inside, outside, symmetrical or asymmetrical position versus the optimal area. In the Extenics theory wasnt defined in this new form the nR dimensions. It is defined also in this paper the attraction field instead of the attraction point defined in [. The paper show the study case of the 2D and 3D dependent on-line functions with define finally the attraction field like the optimized place of the working point.
Investigating the Effects of Injection Moulding Process Parameters on Multiple Tensile Characteristics of Plastic Spur Gear via Experimental Approach
Authors: Mehat Nik Mizamzul , Kamaruddin Shahrul , Othman Abdul Rahim
Published: August 2013

This paper presents the original development of an experimental approach in studying the multiple tensile characterizations as key quality characteristics for several different plastic gear materials related to various parameters in injection moulding process. In this study, emphases are given on a new low-cost mechanism for the testing of the injection moulded plastic spur gear specimens with various teeth module. The testing fixture are developed and validated to provide uniform state of tension with series of plastic gear specimens produced in accordance with the systematically designed of experiment. The effects of changes in the process parameters including melt temperature, packing pressure, packing time and cooling time at three different levels on the elongation at break and ultimate strength of plastic gear is evaluated and studied through the proposed experimental approach.
Detection of Pilot-Induced Oscillation (PIO)
Authors: Quan Liu Ji
Published: August 2013

Since PIOs cannot be prevented, they will continue to occur, and methods are needed to mitigate the risk of catastrophic PIO. This paper discusses the challenges to detection of PIO in real-time. It describes the design of a method for the real-time detection of PIO that can be used to alert the flight crew in the early stage of a PIO, before the event has become catastrophic. With early warning, it is possible that loss of aircraft can be prevented through appropriate pilot response. Real Time Detection of a Pilot-Induced Oscillation (PIO) can potentially save both aircrew and aircraft. The method is effective at identifying any oscillatory behavior in real-time,Although limitations of the algorithm do exist, ROVER, if used correctly, will detect a severe PIO event and could allow a pilot to open the feedback control loop or adjust the control input strategy in order to suppress the aircraft oscillatory response.
Development of SiO2 Nanolubrication System for Better Surface Quality, more Power Savings and Less Oil Consumption in Hard Turning of Hardened Steel AISI4140
Authors: Sayuti M. , Sarhan Ahmed A.D. , Salem S.
Published: August 2013

In recent years, the energy efficiency improvement has become significant due to rapid consumption of world's energy resources. Particularly in manufacturing industry, hard turning process is one of the most fundamental metal removal processes that require huge power consumption and it could be improved in term of energy usage by many alternatives. At the same time, the improvement in term of machined surface quality is become a need since it would reflect appearance, performance and reliability of the products. As for example in the CNC machining field, one of the solution for this issue is by increasing the effectiveness of the existing lubrication systems as it could improve the machined surface quality, reduce the power required to overcome the friction component in batch production of machining process and reduce the oil consumption. The effectiveness of the lubrication system could be improved by introducing the nanobase lubrication system for much less power consumption as the rolling action of billions units of nanoparticle in the tool chip interface could reduce the cutting forces significantly. In this research work, the possibility of using SiO2 nanobase lubrication system is investigated to reduce the machining power consumption as well as improving surface quality in hard turning process of AISI4140.