bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Transmission of Dengue Virus from a Deceased Donor to a Kidney Transplant Recipient Previously Infected by Dengue Virus
Authors: Lecadieu Arnaud , Teysseyre Laura , Larsen Kevin , Vidal Charles , Caron Margot , Traversier Nicolas , _ _ , Aujoulat Thomas , Allyn Jérôme , Allou Nicolas
Published: May 2021

Since 2018, a dengue epidemic has been ongoing in the French overseas department of Reunion Island, in the Indian Ocean, with more than 25,000 serologically confirmed cases. Currently, three dengue serotypes have been identified in Réunion Island (DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-3) progressing in the form of epidemic outbreaks. This arbovirus is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes and may be responsible for serious clinical forms. To date, very few cases of kidney transplant–related dengue virus infection have been described. Here we report the first case of severe dengue virus infection related to kidney transplantation from a patient previously infected with dengue. Testing for dengue fever with PCR search in donor’s urine may help complete the pretransplant assessment in areas where this disease occurs.
High Mobility Group Box 1 and Interleukin 6 at Intensive Care Unit Admission as Biomarkers in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Sivakorn Chaisith , Dechsanga Jutamas , Jamjumrus Lawan , Boonnak Kobporn , Schultz Marcus J. , Dondorp Arjen M. , Phumratanaprapin Weerapong , Ratanarat Ranistha , Naorungroj Thummaporn , Wattanawinitchai Patchrapa , Siripoon Tanaya , Duangdee Chatnapa , Techarang Tachpon
Published: May 2021

Exuberant inflammation manifesting as a “cytokine storm” has been suggested as a central feature in the pathogenesis of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study investigated two prognostic biomarkers, the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in patients with severe COVID-19 at the time of admission in the intensive care unit (ICU). Of 60 ICU patients with COVID-19 enrolled and analyzed in this prospective cohort study, 48 patients (80%) were alive at ICU discharge. HMGB1 and IL-6 plasma levels at ICU admission were elevated compared with a healthy control, both in ICU nonsurvivors and ICU survivors. HMGB1 and IL-6 plasma levels were higher in patients with a higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (> 10), and the presence of septic shock or acute kidney injury. HMGB1 and IL-6 plasma levels were also higher in patients with a poor oxygenation status (PaO2/FiO2 < 150 mm Hg) and a longer duration of ventilation (> 7 days). Plasma HMGB1 and IL-6 levels at ICU admission also correlated with other prognostic markers, including the maximum neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer levels, and C-reactive protein levels. Plasma HMGB1 and IL-6 levels at ICU admission predicted ICU mortality with comparable accuracy to the SOFA score and the COVID-GRAM risk score. Higher HMGB1 and IL-6 were not independently associated with ICU mortality after adjustment for age, gender, and comorbidities in multivariate analysis models. In conclusion, plasma HMGB1 and IL6 at ICU admission may serve as prognostic biomarkers in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Distribution des ligneux sur le tracé de la grande muraille verte : cas de batha et de wadi-fira Ouest au Tchad
Authors: Guihini Mahamat  Abakar , Diallo Mariama Dalanda , Diallo Aly , Saleh Minda Mahamat , Guisse Aliou
Published: May 2021

Les déficits pluviométriques combinés à l’action anthropique ont entrainé une dégradation des ressources naturelles à partir desquelles les paysans tchadiens tirent leurs moyens de subsistance. Cette étude avait pour objectif de déterminer la composition floristique, la circonférence et la hauteur des peuplements ligneux dans deux sites de la Grande Muraille Verte du Tchad (Batha et Wadi-Fira Ouest). Pour cela, nous avons utilisé la méthode des relevés floristiques et des mesures dendrométriques pour caractériser lavégétation. Cette méthode nous a permis d’inventorier 15 espèces réparties en 11 genres et 6 familles. Les espèces les plus dominantes sont Balanites aegyptiaca (Delile), Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne subsp. raddiana (Savi) Brenan et Capparis decidua Edgew (Forssk.). La répartition des individus selon la grosseur et la hauteur permettent d’établir la structure du peuplement ligneux. Ainsi, dans le Batha, le peuplement ligneux ainsi que les espèces dominantes (Balanites aegyptiaca, Acacia raddiana et Capparis decidua) est constitué de cinquante-deux virgule seize pour cent (52,16%) d’individus qui ont une circonférence comprise entre 10 et 50 cm. Au niveau de Wadi-Fira Ouest, le peuplement est dominé par des individus de circonférence comprise entre 20 et 60 cm. Le peuplement du Batha renferme des individus qui ont une hauteur comprise entre 1 et 14 m. Quatre-vingt-six virgule soixante-sept pour cent (86,67%) des espèces ont une hauteur inférieure ou égale à 7 m. Tandis que dans le Wadi-Fira Ouest, la hauteur des individus du peuplement varie de 0,9 à 12 m et quatrevingt-dix pour cent (90%) des individus ont une hauteur comprise entre 0,9 et 7 m. La strate ligneuse estdominée par des arbustes en grande partie. L’étude a permis de mettre en évidence que les facteurs d’ordre climatique et anthropique ont un impact sur l’environnement des sites.Mots clés : Ligneux, Circonférence, Hauteur, Batha, Wadi-Fira Ouest, Tchad
Cognitive and social information based PSO
Authors: Tripathi D. P. , Jena U. R.
Published: May 2021

In 1995 swarm intelligence based PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) has been designed and implemented for solving optimization problems. Since then many researchers have developed many versions, based upon its theoretical concept, technical aspects and parameters involve in the algorithm. In broad sense, every swarm updates its position based upon the knowledge of its initial velocity and accelerating components such as cognitive and social information. In this paper we have presented a reformed and modified concept of PSO with the thought that every swarm updates its position based upon cognitive and social environment knowledge only and the key aspect used here is that these parameters are no longer assumed to be accelerating components rather position components. This algorithm is termed by us as Cognitive and Social Information based PSO (CSIPSO). The performance of CSI-PSO is validated by 23 benchmark functions and the empirical results clearly support the effectiveness of our concept.Keywords: Particle Swarm, PSO, Swarm Theory, Benchmark functions
Influence of aidan and turmeric as additives on blood chemistry, proximate composition and organoleptic indices of broiler chickens
Authors: Ingweye J.N. , Egbo G.O. , Kalio G.A.
Published: May 2021

The study assessed blood chemistry, proximate composition and organoleptic indices of meat from broiler chickens fed aidan and turmeric as additives. One hundred and eighty Cobb 500 strain day-old chicks were used for an 8-week study. Birds were divided into six groups (30 birds/group) of three replicates (10 birds/replicate) each. The groups were randomly allotted to six dietary treatments (A, B, C, D, E, and F). Group A was the control, fed basal diet without aidan or turmeric. Groups B, C, D, E and F were fed diets containing 0.5% aidan, 1.0% aidan, 0.5% aidan + 0.5% turmeric, 1.0% turmeric and 0.5% turmeric, respectively. Blood was drawn from one bird per replicate at end of study for blood chemistry analysis. One bird per treatment was selected, slaughtered and loin meat taken for proximate and sensory evaluation using 20 semi-trained test panelists and nine-point hedonic scale questionnaire. Completely randomized design, one-way analysis of variance was used. Dietary inclusion of turmeric and aidan alone or in combination showed no apparent pathological concerns but significantly (p<0.05) elevated PCV, RBC, thrombocytes, heterophils, lymphocytes, AST, ALT, albumin, globulin, protein, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, cholesterol, creatinine values and decreased (p<0.05) haemoglobin and glucose concentrations. Also, treatments did not affect (p>0.05) monocytes and potassium levels and showed normal WBC and eosinophils counts. Furthermore, dietary treatments improved (p<0.05) crude protein content of the meat without affecting (p>0.05) fat, ash and dry matter as well as sensory indices. Nevertheless, no meat was disliked by consumers. Inclusion of aidan and turmeric up to 1.0% could support antiglycaemic and phosphorus activity. But, beyond 1.0% inclusion, anaemia and dehydration of the birds may occur.

Keywords: Phyto-additive, Non-antibiotic, Natural growth promoter, Sensory indices
Performance, Carcass and Relative Organ Weights of Young Boars Fed Graded Dietary Levels of Raw Icacinia manni (Earth Ball)
Authors: Ekpo J.S , Sam I.M , Okon U.M
Published: May 2021

A study conducted for a period of fifty (50) days to determine the growth performance, carcass and organ weight of growing boars fed graded dietary levels of raw Icacinia manni tuber meal. Four experimental diets were formulated with Icacinia manni (Earth ball) replacing maize at 0, 5, 10 and 15% levels designated as T1(control), T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Forty-eight (48) young boars (Landrace x Large white) each weighed 7.72+ 0.35kg were assigned to the four dietary treatments and replicated three times of four boars each in a completely randomized design. Carcass traits and relative organs weights were evaluated. These traits were; dressed weight, dressing percentage, head, shank, trotter, belly, thick rib chop, rib chop, loin, chump chop, leg fillet end, Leg shank end, liver, lungs, kidney spleen and heart. The results indicated that apart from T4, diets T1, T2 and T3 did not differ significantly (P>0.05) in terms of feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. This implies that Icacinia manni did not affect growth performance except at 15% level of inclusion Similarly, Pigs fed diets T2 and T3 showed significant (P<0.05) increase in dressed weight, dressing percentage as well as certain primal cuts such as breast, rib chop, loin and chump chop. However, relative organs weight did not differ (P>0.05) across dietary treatments except the lungs in T4 (15%) signifying the non-deleterious effect of raw icacinia manni, at 10%. To attain optimum performance and carcass characteristics in young boars therefore, inclusion of raw Icacinia manni in young boars’ diet at 10 percent is recommended.
Analysis of Media Use Preferences among Coconut Farmers in Western Zone of Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Bolarin O , Mogor C.C
Published: May 2021

The study investigated the media use preference among coconut farmers in the western zone of Lagos state, Nigeria. A total number of 120 coconut farmers were selected for the study. Data were collected with the use of interview schedule and analyzed with frequency count, percentage, mean and Chi-square statistics. The usage mean rank showed that mobile phone (mean=4.49), radio (mean=4.47) and television (mean=4.09) were ranked first, second and third respectively. The highest ranked preferred media were radio (mean=4.63), agricultural extension officers (mean=4.43) and fellow farmers (mean=4.36). Chi-square analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between the coconut farmers’ media preference and their socio-economic characteristics. The study conclude that mobile phone, radio and television are the most frequently used media by coconut farmers in the study area. The study further averred that coconut farmers preferred radio, agricultural extension officers, television, family and friends as a medium of communication. The government and non-governmental organizations should intensify the dissemination of information to the coconut farmers using media such as radio, agricultural extension officers, television since that is the most preferred media.

Keywords: Preference, Radio, Television, Mobile phone, Agricultural extension
Mathematical Modeling of Effect of Pumping Rate on Contaminant Transport in Riverbank Filtration System
Authors: Abubakar A.D. , Olayiwola R.O. , Mohammed A.A. , Cole A.T.
Published: May 2021

Riverbank filtration (RBF) is a natural technology that is used for river water treatment. This research seeks to investigate the effect of pumping rate on the transport of colloids in RBF. However, this work considered Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) as a nutrient for bacteria. The mathematical model consists of groundwater flow equation and colloids concentration equations. The equations were solved analytically using parameter expanding method and Eigen function expansion techniques. The results obtained are presented graphically and discussed. It was observed that increase in pumping rate value enhance both the hydraulic head and concentration of colloids which slightly reduces the quality of pumped water from RBF.

Keywords: Riverbank filtration, analytical model, colloids, hydraulic head and pumping rat
Missing Observations in Split-Plot Central Composite Designs: The Loss in Relative A-, G-, and V- Efficiency
Authors: Yakubu Y. , Chukwu A.U.
Published: May 2021

The trace (A), maximum average prediction variance (G), and integrated average prediction variance (V) criteria are experimental design evaluation criteria, which are based on precision of estimates of parameters and responses. Central Composite Designs(CCD) conducted within a split-plot structure (split-plot CCDs) consists of factorial (𝑓), whole-plot axial (𝛼), subplot axial (𝛽), and center (𝑐) points, each of which play different role in model estimation. This work studies relative A-, G- and V-efficiency losses due to missing pairs of observations in split-plot CCDs under different ratios (d) of whole-plot and sub-plot error variances. Three candidate designs of different sizes were considered and for each of the criteria, relative efficiency functions were formulated and used to investigate the efficiency of each of the designs when some observations were missing relative to the full one. Maximum A-efficiency losses of 19.1, 10.6, and 15.7% were observed at 𝑑 = 0.5, due to missing pairs 𝑓𝑓, 𝛽𝛽, and 𝑓𝛽, respectively, indicating a negative effect on the precision of estimates of model parameters of these designs. However, missing observations of the pairs- 𝑐𝑐, 𝛼𝛼, 𝛼𝑐, 𝑓𝑐, and 𝑓𝛼 did not exhibit any negative effect on these designs' relative A-efficiency. Maximum G- and Vefficiency losses of 10.1,16.1,0.1% and 0.1, 1.1, 0.2%, were observed, respectively, at 𝑑 = 0.5, when the pairs- 𝑓𝑓, 𝛽𝛽, 𝑐𝑐, were missing, indicating a significant increase in the designs' maximum and average variances of prediction. In all, the efficiency losses become insignificant as d increases. Thus, the study has identified the positive impact of correlated observations on efficiency of experimental designs.

Keywords: Missing Observations, Efficiency Loss, Prediction variance
Heavy Metal Contents in Topsoil of Selected Public Primary Schools Playground in Benin Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Biose E. , Amaechi C.F. , Nwaemene C.
Published: May 2021

This study was carried out to determine some physicochemical properties and heavy metals level in primary school playground located in Benin City, Southern Nigeria using standard methods. A total of 10 topsoil samples were collected from five primary school playgrounds from different locations in Benin metropolis, Southern Nigeria in February, 2017. The mean levels of pH and EC ranged from 5.53 to 7.02 and 200.05 - 410.00 µS/cm respectively. The mean concentrations for heavy metals ranged from 337.15±64.28 and 464.10±19.37 for Fe, 23.40±7.50 and 29.70±4.81 for Mn, 45.95±8.70 and 67.95±4.74 for Zn, 8.48±1.61 and 12.90±3.82 for Cu, 5.10±2.33 and 7.41±1.54 for Cd, 4.42±2.02 and 8.39±7.09 for Cr, 6.17±2.82 and 13.82±6.76 for Pb, 0.99±0.09 and3.24±3.73 for Ni respectively. Heavy metal concentrations were in the following order. In Ogiegbaen, Eresoyen and Ekosodin Primary schools (PS) playground, the order was Fe> Zn> Mn> Cu> Pb> Cd> Cr> Ni while the order in Agbado PS and Olua PS were Fe> Zn> Mn> Cu> Pb> Cr> Cd> Ni and Fe> Zn> Mn> Pb> Cu> Cd> Cr> Ni respectively. Enrichment factor (EF), Contamination factor (CF) and Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) were used to evaluate the pollution status of the soil.

Keywords: Topsoil, Playground, Heavy metals, Assessment Indices
Design, Fabrication and Performance Study of Co-Pyrolysis System for Production of Liquid Fuel from Jatropha Cake with Polystyrene Waste
Authors: Babajo S.A. , Enaburekhan J.S. , Rufa’i I.A.
Published: May 2021

The increasing quantities of plastics and their disposal has been a major public concern. This paper therefore describes a fixed bed co-pyrolysis system designed and fabricated to obtain liquid fuel from a combination of Jatropha seed cake and polystyrene (plastic) waste using appropriate standard technique. The characterization of the feedstock materials (Jatropha cake and polystyrene) were carried out based on proximate and ultimate analysis. The products of the experiment were: liquid fuel, char and gas, while char and gas were considered as by-product. The parameters that were found to influence the product yields significantly includes: feed ratio, temperature and reaction time. The optimum liquid yield obtained from the co-pyrolysis of Jatropha cake with plastic (polystyrene)  waste was 65.0 wt% (that is at the optimum parameters of feed ratio 1:1, temperature 500 oC and reaction time of 45 minutes). The  liquid fuel obtained at these optimum conditions were analyzed based on physical and chemical properties, and compared to that of conventional diesel. The results of the liquid fuel obtained and conventional diesel in terms of viscosity, density and pH were 3.8 cP, 3.5 cP, and 830 kg/m3 , 853 kg/m3 , and 1.0, and neutral respectively. Elemental analyses of the liquid fuels from Jatropha cake with polystyrene waste showed that there is high contents of carbon and hydrogen, 87.2 and 8.3 respectively, which indicates that the liquid fuels may support combustion. The calorific value of liquid fuel from copyrolysis of Jatropha cake with polystyrene waste was 42.3 MJ/Kg, and closer to that of conventional diesel 45.5 MJ/Kg. Considering the results obtained from the study, the liquid fuel from Jatropha cake and polystyrene waste can be used as an alternative fuel

Keywords: Co-pyrolysis, Jatropha cake, Polystyrene waste, calorific value
Thermal Resistance Evaluation of Raffia Palm Ash Concrete
Authors: Wilson U.N. , Sani J.E. , Adefila A.A. , Mohammed I.S.
Published: May 2021

T: This research attempts to empirically investigate the behavior of Raffia Palm Ash (RPA) concrete under elevated temperature of different percentages of RPA inclusion in the concrete. Raffia palm ash was obtained after the calcination of the raffia palm for 3 hours at 5500C. X-ray Florescence (XRF) analysis performed revealed that the sample of Raffia Palm Ash (RPA) is a Class C pozzolana, which contains 51.8% of (SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3) and has a specific gravity of 2.8. The compressive strengths were determined at 0 0C, 718 0C and 821 0C at 0 minutes, 15 minutes and 30 minutes respectively. The result revealed that workability of the concrete declined with the increment in the percentage of raffia palm ash in the concrete. The compressive strength of the concrete cubes as well decreased with the rise in temperature for the entire samples tested. The average loss in strength of the control (0% RPA) is about 15.3% at 7180Cand 25.3% at 8120C while for Raffia palm ash concrete with 5% (optimum replacement) gives a minimum loss in strength of about 21.3% at 7180C and 28.5% at 8120C, which is about 6% at 7180C and 13.2% at 8120C, more than the control. The Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) imaging indicates that the concrete subjected to temperature of about 821oC produces fewer flakes when compared to the concrete subjected to temperature of about 7180C.

Keywords: Compressive strength, Raffia Palm Ash (RPA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermal resistance, X-ray Florescence (XRF)
Analysis, Occurrence and Ecological Risk Assessment of Diclofenac and Ibuprofen Residues in Wastewater from Three Wastewater Treatment Plants in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Ajibola A.S. , Adebiyi A.O. , Nwaeke D.O. , Ajibola F.O. , Adewuyi G.O.
Published: May 2021

Despite the frequent detection of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) worldwide in the aquatic environment, there is currently a paucity of studies from Africa, including Nigeria, on the occurrence and potential ecological risks of two commonly used NSAIDs diclofenac and ibuprofen in wastewater and effluent receiving water. In this work, diclofenac and ibuprofen were determined in wastewater from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and effluent receiving water in South-Western Nigeria. Instrumental analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Ecological risk was assessed for four trophic levels: fish, daphnia, algae and bacteria. The method quality parameters were satisfactory for the accurate determination of target NSAIDs in wastewater and effluent receiving water. Maximum concentrations of diclofenac and ibuprofen in wastewater were 166.1 µg L-1 (UCH influent) and 62.0 µg L-1 (Ijaiye effluent), respectively. Ibuprofen posed high risk to fish in all effluent and effluent receiving water samples. Bacteriawere the most sensitive organisms to the presence of diclofenac while fish was the most sensitive to ibuprofen. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence and ecological risk assessment of diclofenac and ibuprofen residues in wastewater from Nigerian municipal and hospital WWTPs. More efficient wastewater treatment processes and technologies are recommended for the investigated WWTPs to reduce the discharge of target NSAIDs and other pharmaceuticals into the Nigerian aquatic environment.

Keywords: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, wastewater, ecological risk assessment, Nigeria
Artisanal Petroleum Refining and Occupational Dynamics in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria
Authors: Igben J.L.
Published: May 2021

This study examines the occupational dynamics of the population as a result of artisanal refining of crude oil in the Niger Delta using structured questionnaire administered to 240 household heads selected from two settlements, one far from area of artisanal refineries (controlled settlement) and the other in area of artisanal refineries (experimental settlement). The questionnaire covered location and demographic characteristics of the respondents, as well as the typology of occupations. The pair-wise Student t-test and simple percentages were used to analyse the data collected. The study revealed that there were significant dynamics (t = -0.22, df =12, p<0.05) in the number of respondents in identified occupational typologies as indirect impact of artisanal refining in the experimental and controlled settlements. The study recommends the intensification of efforts to implement existing laws on environmental protection and provision of employment for teeming population.

Keywords: Artisanal Refineries, Occupational structure, Environmental  degradation, Niger Delta.
Spectrophotometic Determination of Caffeine and Vitamin B6 in Selected Beverages, Energy/Soft Drinks and Herbal Products
Authors: Ogunneye A.L. , Banjoko O.O. , Gbadamosi M.R. , Falegbe O.H. , Moberuagba K.H. , Badejo O.A.
Published: May 2021

In this study, a simple, sensitive and reproducible spectrophotometric technique has been developed and validated for the determination of caffeine and vitamin B6 in beverages, energy/soft drinks and herbal products. The determination of caffeine and vitamin B6 in the respective samples were carried out at maximum (λmax) absorbance of 272 and 290 nm respectively. The method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity (limit of Detection (LOD) and limit of Quantification (LOQ), accuracy (% Recovery), precision (relative standard deviation). The method was linear from (4-20 µg/ml and 50 - 250 µg/ml with r 2 of 0.9991 and 0.9996 for vitamin B6 and caffeine respectively. The accuracy of the method ranged from 99.48 - 101.42% for caffeine and 99.94% - 102.35% for vitamin B6. The detection limit and quantification limit were 0.192 µg/ml and 0.640 µg/ml for vitamin B6 while 0.0155 µg/ml and 0.0518 µg/ml was obtained for caffeine. The method for the two analytes was found to be precise as the percentage relative standard deviation was below 5%. Therefore, the method proposed in this study is rapid, suitable and can be used as a quality control index for caffeine and vitamin B6 in beverages, energy/soft drinks and herbal products in industries.

Keywords: Caffeine, Vitamin B6, Beverages, Energy/Soft drinks, Herbal products, Spectrophotometry
Modeling the Effect of Bank Specific Factors on Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Nigeria: Panel Data Regression Approach
Authors: Yakubu Y. , Egopija S.M.
Published: May 2021

Periodic checking and evaluation of financial performance of the banking sector is a way of sustaining the development of a nation’s economy. The key indicators of the banks’ financial performance are their return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). A bank’s financial performance is affected by some specific factors like capital adequacy ratio (CAR), credit risk (CRISK), management quality, liquidity ratio (LIQ.RAT.) and bank size. This work first compares average financial performance of some sampled commercial banks in Nigeria (UBA, GTB, ZENITH, FIRST, and ACCESS banks) based on the key indicators and the bank specific factors. It then models the effect of these factors on the overall financial performance of the sampled banks using panel data regression approach. The results showed that the GTB had the highest average ROA, ROE and CAR throughout the period under review while Zenith bank was the best in terms of credit risk, management quality and liquidity ratio. The fitted ROA model accounted for 83% of the total variability in the data and revealed that CAR, CRISK, and LIQ.RAT were significant at both 1% and 5% levels while the ROE model accounted for 69% and revealed that CRISK and LIQ.RAT were significant.

Keywords: Financial Performance, Commercial Banks, Evaluation, Panel Data, Economy
Detection of Bacteriological Contaminants in Hand-Pump Fitted Borehole Water from a Residential Suburb in Ringim Local Government, Jigawa State
Authors: Adeleye A.O. , Kabiru B. , Amoo A.O. , Amoo F.K. , Raji M. , Bate G.B. , Yalwaji B. , Yerima M.B.
Published: May 2021

Water from borehole source can be contaminated due to indiscriminate waste disposal. This pilot study was conducted to assess the bacteriological quality of water from five (5) hand-pump-fitted borehole sources present in Sabon Gari quarters in Ringim Local Government Area of Jigawa State. Presumptive, confirmed and completed tests were employed to determine total and faecal coliforms from the water samples using most probable number (MPN) technique. Bacterial isolates were identified by standard microbiologicalmethods. Results obtained indicate that all the water samples across all the dilution strengths tested recorded substantial growth of total coliforms at 37.3°C while faecal coliforms were observed at 44°C after incubation for 48 h. Using the MPN table, the five water samples assayed recorded 50 MPN/100mL, 14 MPN/100mL, 3 MPN/100mL, 5 MPN/100mL and 1 MPN/100mL. Results were also positive for gas and acid production in all samples collected characteristic of presence of E. coli. The results obtained in this study show bacterial contamination of the water from the boreholes which may constitute a public health risk. It is therefore recommended that the water pumped from these boreholes should be subjected to  adequate treatment to meet World Health Organization (WHO) required  standard for potable water meant for drinking.

Keywords: Boreholes, hand pump, most probable number, total coliforms and faecal coliforms.
Comparative Clinical Effects of Early Pharyngostomy Alimentation and Intravenous Fluid Infusion following Oesophageal Transection and Anastomosis in Nigerian Breeds of Dogs
Authors: Omamegbe J.O , Njoku U.N , Ibup S.E
Published: May 2021

Twelve adult Nigerian breeds of dogs were used to compare the clinical responses of dogs alimented through pharyngostomy tubes (PGTs) with those maintained on intravenous infusion (50:50 mixture of Ringers lactate and 5% dextrose saline) during the first 14 days following oesophageal transection and anastomosis (OTA). The dogs were assigned to two groups (n=6), the pharyngostomy tube (PGT) group and the intravenous fluid infusion (IVF) group (n=6). Dogs in both groups underwent routine OTA. The PGT group was fed blanched processed dog food at 70g/kg body weight for 14 days through PGTs, while the IVF group was maintained on intravenous fluids at a dose of 70 mL/kg body weight daily also for 14 days post operatively. The postoperative complications observed in both groups showed that the mortality rate in the IVF group (83.3%) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in the PGT group (16.7%). Vomiting and leakages at the site of oesophageal anastomosis did not differ significantly between the groups. Cervical swelling was observed in two dogs (33.3%) in the IVF group, while tenesmus and displacement of the tubes were recorded in 66.6% and 100% respectively of the dogs in the PGT group. It is concluded that feeding dogs which had undergone OTA through PGTs during the immediate postoperative period reduces their morbidity and mortality; and shortens the recovery period when compared with similar dogs maintained solely on intravenous fluids.

Keywords: Oesophageal, Transection, Anastomosis, Pharyngostomy, Complications, Morbidity, Mortality.
A rare case of equine Haemotropic Mycoplasma infection in Nigeria
Authors: Happi A.N , Oluniyi P.E
Published: May 2021

Equine haemotropic mycoplasmosis (EHM) is a condition rarely reported worldwide. A horse presented with unspecific clinical findings and non-response to treatment to the common and endemic haemoparasitic and bacterial infections, warranted a thorough molecular investigation of suspected haemoparasitic infection given the fluctuating parasitaemia and the low sensitivity and specificity of Light Microscopy (LM) detection of haemoparasitic infections. Blood collected from an adult horse, domiciled at the University of Ibadan Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria was screened by LM and PCR techniques for haemo-parasites. The 16S rRNA gene of pan-Hemoplasma spp was targeted amplified and sequenced using Sanger automatic sequencing techniques. This case shows the very first molecular evidence of EHM in Africa and Nigeria, and the third case in the World. Microscopic examination of the horse’s blood smear presented with signs of lethargy, inactivity, anorexia and moderate emaciation, showed numerous coccoid-shaped epierythrocytic parasites. Subsequent 16S rRNA sequence data and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of a haemotropic mycoplasma (‘Candidatus M. haemocervae’–like) in the horse. The hemoplasma sequence obtained falls in the same clade with some Candidatus Mycoplasma haemocervae sequences with which it shared more than 98.7% homology. This finding suggests that horses in this geographical region may also be suffering from EHM and calls for the need of epidemiological surveillance of equine hemoplasmosis with emphasis on their clinical, economic, performance and zoonotic implications in the sub-region.

Keywords: Nigeria, Horse, Haemotropic mycoplasma, ‘Candidatus M. haemocervae’–like
Identification of lithological units using geo-electrical method, Olabisi Onabanjo University Campus, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Adekoya S.A. , Oladunjoye H.T. , Coker J.O. , Adenuga O.A.
Published: May 2021

The study presented the results obtained from estimation of the depth to the bsement bedrock (overburden thickness) in Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye using two configurations of electrical resistivity methods. The study was aimed to delineate the stratigraphy and thicknesses of the subsurface layer present in the study area for comprehensive study of the lithostratigraphic information of the area. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and 2-D Horizontal Electrical Profiling (HEP) techniques were used to obtain 1-D and 2-D subsurface resistivity images of the study area. The VES data were plotted manually on the Bi-log graph. The curve obtained was partially curve – matched to obtain the layer resistivities and thicknesses for further iteration. The 2-D resistivity imaging data were analyzed and processed to obtain the inverted (true) resistivity image. From the results, five (5) VES type curves weredelineated. These includes H, HA, QH and KH type. The geoelectric sections and 2-D resistivity images showed three to four geoelectric layers. These layers are topsoil/laterite, weathered basement, partly weathered/fractured basement and fresh basement. The study showed that materials with resistivity values that ranged between 10 and 298 Ωm and 152 and 589 Ωm representing clayey weathered layer and partly weathered/fractured basement were delineated beneath some sounding points. The clayey and weathered layer are indicative of soil formations that are inimical to foundation of civil engineering structure. Likewise, they can serve as reservoir for groundwater potential (if the porosity and permeability are high). Due to this, detailed lithostratigraphic evaluation through petrophysical analysis is encouraged for the purpose of mapping and correlation of the rock units before embarking on any engineering construction in the study area. The study concludes in providing assistance to subsequent research on the stratigraphic related studies in the area.

Keywords: Geo-electric , Stratigraphy, Lithology, Layer,
Impact of acid activated Bentonites on foster swelling capacity and sorption dynamics of hydrocarbons, phenol and water
Authors: Chukwu U.J. , Okoye I.P. , Awosu E.I.
Published: May 2021

The successful protonation of the dissociable 𝐻 + from different organic acids (with varying alkyl chains) to supplant sodium ions in the  inter layers of bentonites resulting in increased surface area has been carried out. The resultant materials were characterized using  foster swelling and adsorption capacity techniques. Results show that the foster capacities of acid activated bentonites were greater than the un-activated bentonite (UAB) upon interaction with petroleum hydrocarbons. The bentonite activated with the organic acid having the most alkyl chain, hexanoic acid activated bentonite (HAAB) showed high affinity for all petroleum hydrocarbons. This demonstrates the hydrophilicity of UAB and upon activation, the hydrophobic properties of HAAB. The adsorption capacity result  records that bentonites and HAAB adsorbed more petroleum hydrocarbon solvents than other lower alkyl chain acid activated bentonites and UAB. This study shows that HAAB is an excellent adsorbent for the removal of hydrocarbons from industrial wastes.

Keywords: Acid Activated Bentonite, Foster Swelling, Adsorption Capacity, Organic Acids, Phenol
Centre-specific differences in short-term outcomes in neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy
Authors: Grass Beate , Brotschi Barbara , Hagmann Cornelia , Birkenmaier André , Schwendener Katharina , Adams Mark , Kleber Michael
Published: May 2021

AIMS OF THE STUDY
To investigate and compare the centre-specific short-term outcome indicators seizures, arterial hypotension, infection and mortality during therapeutic hypothermia until discharge from the neonatal/paediatric intensive care unit in term and near-term neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) registered in the Swiss National Asphyxia and Cooling Register between 2011 and 2018.

METHODS
Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected national register data between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2018. Pregnancy, maternal, delivery and neonatal characteristics were compared between the centres. Four short-term outcomes were defined: seizures, arterial hypotension, infection and mortality. The outcome indicators were defined as stated in the protocol of the Swiss National Asphyxia and Cooling Register. Descriptive analyses of the de-identified centre to centre analysis were performed, and standardised observed-to-expected values (risk adjusted for male sex, small for gestational age, Sarnat score on admission, pregnancy/delivery complications) of each centre were compared using with the entire network indirectly standardised mortality/morbidity ratio charts.

RESULTS
570 cooled neonates with HIE receiving therapeutic hypothermia in 10 different centres were included. Clinical or subclinical seizures were reported in a median of 32% (range 17–49%). Arterial hypotension occurred in a median of 62% (range 30–90%). Median infection rate was 10% (range 0–31%). Median mortality rate until discharge was 14% (range 0–25%).

CONCLUSIONS
Short-term outcome indicators of seizures, arterial hypotension, infection and mortality showed significant differences in incidence between the centres. These data will help to establish benchmarks for the assessed outcome measures. Benchmarking is a continuous need with the ultimate goal of improving modifiable short-term outcomes in neonates with HIE.
Çatak - Bahçesaray (Van) Karayolu Üzerindeki Çığa Duyarlı Alanların Belirlenmesi
Authors: AVŞİN Nurcan , ÇAKI Dilan Tansu
Published: May 2021

Çığlar, kar yağışının fazla olduğu genellikle orta ve yüksek enlemlerin dağlık alanlarında, bitki örtüsünden yoksun olan engebeli ve eğimli arazilerde tabakalar halinde birikmiş olan kar kütlesinin, iç ve/veya dış kuvvetlerin etkisi ile yamaçtan aşağıya doğru hızla kayması olarak tanımlanırlar. Çatak-Bahçesaray (Van) karayolu üzerindeki çığa duyarlı alanlarının belirlenmesini konu alan bu çalışma, yoğun kar yağışları ve çığ olaylarının meydana geldiği Van Gölü güney kesiminin çığ duyarlılık haritasını üretme ve değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma alanı olarak seçilen ve Bitlis Masifinin bir bölümünü oluşturan bölge dağlık ve eğimli bir sahadır. Söz konusu sahada 4-5 Şubat 2020 tarihlerinde Van-Bahçesaray yolunun 19. km’sinde meydana gelen iki çığda 42 vatandaşımız yaşamını yitirmiştir. Bahçesaray ilçesi yol ayrımında 2004 yılı ocak ayında meydana gelen çığda ise Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü’ne mensup iki kişi hayatını kaybetmiştir. Yüksek bir çığ potansiyeli taşıyan bu alanda duyarlılık analizinin yapılmamış olması çığ felaketinin olumsuz sonuçlarına zemin hazırlamaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, alandaki çığ patikaları CBS (Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri) ve UA (Uzaktan Algılama) teknikleri kullanılarak tespit edilmiş, duyarlılık analizi yapılırken yükseklik, bakı, yamaç eğimi, yamaç eğriselliği ve bitki örtüsü parametreleri kullanılmıştır. Ulaşılan bulguların doğruluğu ise arazi çalışmaları ve bölge halkı ile yüz yüze görüşmeler neticesinde teyit edilmiştir. Ağırlıklı çakıştırma metoduna göre hazırlanan çığ duyarlılık haritası 5 sınıfa ayrılmıştır. Geçmiş yıllara ait çığ olayları duyarlılık haritası üzerine işaretlenmiş ve tespit edilen çığa duyarlı alanların geçmiş çığ olayları ile tutarlılığı karşılaştırılmıştır. Alanda yerleşmelerin dahil olduğu pek çok lokasyon duyarlı ve yüksek duyarlılığa sahip alan sınıfındadır. Özellikle Çatak-Bahçesaray yol ayrımından Bahçesaray ilçe merkezine kadar olan kısımda duyarlılık değerleri oldukça yüksektir. Alanın en yüksek duyarlılığa sahip kesimleri olan Kavuşşahap Dağları ve Veribani Tepe çevresi, yerleşme ve karayolundan yoksun olmaları sebebiyle çığ kontrolüne gerek duyulmayan alanlardır. Ancak yüksek risk taşıyan Andiçen, Işınlı, Sözveren, Çılga ve Eliaçık mahalleleri ile yine yüksek riske sahip Görentaş ve Teknecik mahallelerinde yerleşim düzeni ve tüm beşeri faaliyetler kontrol altında tutulmalıdır.
A Mixed-Methods Investigation of TEFL Graduate Students’ Perspectives of Qualitative Research: Challenges and Solutions in the Spotlight
Authors: Afshar Hassan Soodmand , Hafez Fatemeh
Published: May 2021

This study explored the challenges of conducting qualitative research encountered by Iranian Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) graduate students and their solutions for them. To delve into the issue, 20 TEFL graduate students who had passed a research methodology course were selected based on their availability from among the participants of the study who were selected based on purposive sampling from various universities. The participants thus selected sat a semi-structured interview based on the results of which, a researcher-made five-point Likert-scale questionnaire was developed and validated. Next, one hundred TEFL graduate students who had passed the research methodology course were selected based on purposive sampling from different universities across the country to respond to the questionnaire developed as mentioned above. The results of descriptive statistics revealed that the most important aspect of qualitative research from the students’ viewpoint was data analysis; likewise, the most challenging part was data analysis. Moreover, the participants described how educational systems’ overemphasis on quantitative research frameworks left little space or time for learning sophisticated qualitative research approaches. Finally, the majority of the participants deemed the introduction and presentation of an independent course on qualitative research methodology in the M.A. and Ph.D. programs in TEFL highly necessary.
Working Together? A Situational Analysis of Combining Prevention Efforts Targeting Obesity and Eating Disorders in Schools
Authors: Ireland Alana , Russell-Mayhew Shelly
Published: May 2021

The serious consequences and difficulties with treatment of obesity and eating disorders have prompted many to suggest focusing on prevention. Although most often considered distinct conditions with competing needs, some have advocated for an integrated approach to the prevention of a spectrum of weight-related issues including obesity and eating disorders. Despite a strong rationale for focusing prevention on the spectrum of weight-related issues, tensions exist with regard to whether this is feasible or best practice. The current study used situational analysis to explore the tensions associated with the broader situation of preventing weight-related issues in schools. Semi-structed interviews and document reviews were conducted to explore whether efforts targeting obesity and eating disorders can be combined. Results emphasized the importance of creating space for conversations that acknowledge the complexity of integration and embrace the multiplicity of perspectives.
Gaining Ground: Institutional Barriers Hampering Land Conflict Resolution in Indonesia
Authors: Tresya Dewi , Hawari Azam , Yulindra Affandi Dean , Aryani Riza , Taufik Alif
Published: May 2021

This report explores the institutional barriers to land conflict resolution in Indonesia, focuses on the government's institutional structure and capacity at the national level, leaving aside the courts and regional or local government. It provides information on the overview of land conflict in Indonesia, the distribution of authority within the national government in land conflict resolution, how it affects the resolution efforts, and other factors that hamper the efforts of national institutions to effectively resolve land conflicts.
VOLATİLİTE ENDEKSİ (VIX) İLE AR-GE PAYI, SANAYİ ÜRETİMİ VE İŞSİZLİK İLİŞKİSİ: TÜRKİYE ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: EYGÜ Hakan , DEMİR Yıldırım
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı 1996-2019 yılları arasında Türkiye’de volatilite endeksi ile Ar-Ge harcamalarına ayrılan pay, sanayi üretim endeksi ve işsizlik oranı arasındaki ilişkileri analiz etmektir. Yöntem: Volatilite endeksi (VIX), korku endeksi olarak da ifade edilen bir endeks olup piyasalardaki dalgalanmayı ölçmeye yardımcı olmaktadır. Piyasalardaki dalgalanmaların yüksek olduğu durumlarda volatilite endeksi değer kazanırken tersi durumda bu endeks değer kaybetmektedir. Bulgular: Ekonometrik analizde ADF, PP ve KPSS birim kök testleri ile serilerin durağan olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, LM testi ile serisel otokorelasyonun olmadığı, White testi ile değişen varyans sorunu olmadığı ve çarpıklık ve basıklık değerleri ile de değişkenlerin normal dağılıma sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Granger nedensellik analizi sonucunda ise VIX, Ar-Ge, sanayi ve işsizlik oranları arasında istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Özgünlük: Ülkelerin finans piyasalarının hangi değişkenlerden nasıl etkilendiği ve bu değişkenler arasında bir nedensellik ilişkisinin olup olmadığı hem ileriye yönelik politikalar hem de ülke refah düzeyi için büyük bir önem oluşturmaktadır. Türkçe literatür incelendiğinde, verilen değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesinde kullanılan yöntem bakımından bu çalışmanın önemli çalışmalardan biri olduğu söylenebilir.
Child Temperament and Academic Performances among Kindergarteners
Authors:   Anuban Prachuap Khiri Khan School, Dare Saagyum Philip
Published: May 2021

The study examined the relationship between child temperament and academic performances among kindergarteners in the Wa East and Wa West districts of the upper west region of Ghana. A sample of 150 fathers were selected at random from the two districts to participate in the study. Children of the fathers selected were made of 69 boys and 81girls. Self-reported data from questionnaires were used to examine the relationship between child temperament and academic performances among the kindergarten children of the selected region. Analyses of the data revealed that low intensity, anger/frustration, attentional focusing, fear, and falling reactivity/soothability characteristics of child temperament categories predicted the academic performances of the kindergarten children within the two districts. It was also realized from the study that the occupation of fathers exhibited significant relationship with the academic performances of the kindergarten children. However, child gender, their ages and that of fathers’, fathers’ income levels, and the districts of origin showed no relationship with the academic performances of the kindergarten children. It is hereby recommended that behavioral disorder/disability centers should be established at kindergarten centers to guide and counsel practice on behave management and practices.
Incidence of the Metabolic Syndrome among Patients with Epilepsy Attending a Neuropsychiatric Hospital in Kigali, Rwanda
Authors:   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), P.O.Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda, Ndayambaje François Xavier
Published: May 2021

Background & Aims: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a combination of diverse metabolic disorders (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, high triglycerides, increased waist circumference, and low high density cholesterol, HDLc), is a well known public health problem worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing dramatically. MetS is a confirmed great risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Presently, limited information exists about incidence and the risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with epilepsy. We prospectively estimated the incidence of MetS in patients with epilepsy. Methods: We recruited 322 participants, 161 patients with epilepsy and 161 healthy volunteers all of them free of any MetS criteria at the baseline and followed-up them for one year. New onset cases of MetS were defined according to the updated National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) criteria. Results: Over a 1-year follow-up, we observed 8 incident cases of MetS (7 individuals in patients group and 1 individual in control group) resulting in an annual cumulative incidence rate of 2.5%. We observed 9 cases losses to follow up. Patients with epilepsy presented a higher risk of developing MetS (RR=7.00, 95% CI: 0.891 – 1.67, p=0.032) than in control group. Sedentariness was associated with higher risk for MetS (hazard ratio, HR=6.537, 95%; confidence interval, C.I=1.269-33.685, p value =0.025. Conclusion: Anti-epileptic therapy combined with sedentariness increases the risk of developing MetS among patients with epilepsy. Holistic clinical management of patients with epilepsy will significantly contribute to MetS prevention.