bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of mutagenicity and co‐mutagenicity of strong static magnetic fields up to 13 Tesla in Escherichia coli deficient in superoxide dismutase
Authors: Yoshie Sachiko , Ikehata Masateru , Hirota Noriyuki , Takemura Taro , Minowa Takashi , Hanagata Nobutaka , Hayakawa Toshio
Published: November 2011

Purpose:

To evaluate the biological effects of static magnetic fields (SMFs) up to 13 Tesla (T), with respect to superoxide behavior, by determining the effect on mutagenicity in superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐deficient Escherichia coli strain QC774, and its parental strain GC4468.

Materials and Methods:

Experimental strains were exposed to a 5, 10, or 13T SMF for 24 h at 37°C in Luria‐Bertani medium. To evaluate mutagenicity after SMF exposure, the mutation frequency in thymine synthesis genes was determined. The effect of exposure to a 5 or 13T SMF on mutagenicity induced by plumbagin was also investigated.

Results:

No statistically significant differences in the mutation frequency in thymine synthesis genes were observed between SMF‐exposed cells and unexposed cells at any of the applied magnetic flux densities. Furthermore, exposure to SMFs up to 13T did not affect mutagenicity induced by plumbagin.

Conclusion:

Exposure to SMFs up to 13T caused neither mutagenicity nor co‐mutagenicity in the SOD‐deficient E. coli strain QC774 or in its parental strain GC4468, suggesting that exposure to strong SMFs does not affect the behavior of superoxides in these microorganisms. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:731‐736. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
1H‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the breast at 3.0‐T: Comparison of results obtained before and after administration of gadolinium‐based contrast agent
Authors: Kawai Hisashi , Naganawa Shinji , Satake Hiroko , Ishigaki Satoko , Sakurai Yasuo , Mori Minako , Maruyama Katsuya
Published: November 2011

Purpose:

To assess the effects of gadolinium‐based contrast agent (GBCA) on 1H‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the breast at 3.0‐T.

Materials and Methods:

Patients (n = 98) with breast cancer (98 lesions) underwent MRS (point‐resolved spectroscopy sequence [PRESS]; TR/TE, 2000/100 msec; voxel size, 15 × 15 × 15 mm) before the administration of GBCA. In 52 of those patients, MRS was also performed after the administration of GBCA. The voxel‐of‐interest (VOI) was placed by referring to the noncontrast‐enhanced MRI (diffusion‐weighted images combined with fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted images). We reviewed and graded the appropriateness of VOI location compared to the correlating enhancement lesions. Integral values of the choline peak at a frequency of 3.2 ppm on MRS were compared before and after the administration of GBCA.

Results:

The VOI was placed correctly in 64 lesions (65%), although the VOI was placed outside the targeted lesion in 34 lesions (35%). The integral value of the choline peak on MRS decreased significantly after the administration of GBCA (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Accumulation of GBCA in breast cancer could affect the choline peak on MRS. MRS of breast cancer at 3.0‐T can be recommended to be acquired before contrast‐enhanced study; however, some problems remain in VOI placement with reference to the noncontrast‐enhanced study. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:717‐722. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Case report: Cytomegalovirus‐induced thrombosis in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Poon Michelle L.M. , Tang Julian W. , Chee Yen Lin
Published: November 2011

Thrombotic manifestations of cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompetent individuals are rare. However, it has been postulated that cytomegalovirus infection can be both directly cytopathic and capable of inducing antiphospholipid antibodies due to shared “molecular mimicry” between cytomegalovirus virus antigens and antiphospholipid antibodies. The case of a previously well 30‐year‐old woman with primary cytomegalovirus infection complicated by splenic infarction and massive pulmonary embolus is described. The patient is unusual given the development of thromboses affecting both the arterial and venous circulation, associated with both transient anticardiolipin antibodies and persistently positive anti‐β2glycoprotein I antibodies. The temporal relationship between the primary infection and thrombosis was suggestive of a pathogenic role for cytomegalovirus. J. Med. Virol. 84:116–118, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Longitudinal analysis of frequency and reactivity of epstein–barr virus‐specific T lymphocytes and their association with intermittent viral reactivation
Authors: Vogl Bastian A. , Fagin Ursula , Nerbas Linda , Schlenke Peter , Lamprecht Peter , Jabs Wolfram J.
Published: November 2011

Persistent Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is controlled tightly by virus‐specific T cells. EBV infection is reactivated intermittently over time, even in apparently healthy carriers. Changes in frequency and reactivity of memory T cells, particularly of CD8+ origin, have not been assessed in this context. It is hypothesized that viral reactivation is facilitated by diminished EBV‐specific T‐cell immunity. To this end, blood samples from 14 healthy donors were collected at irregular time intervals for a period of about 1 year. Samples were screened for both EBV plasma viremia and increases in viral load in PBMCs as parameters of EBV reactivation. PBMCs were subject to IFN‐γ ELISPOT analysis using the autologous EBV‐transformed lymphoblastoid cell line (EBV‐LCL) or appropriate HLA class I‐restricted EBV peptides as stimulators. Frequencies of epitope‐specific CD8+ T cells were monitored further using HLA tetramers and flow cytometry. Twelve of 14 donors exhibited signs of asymptomatic EBV reactivation. Viral reactivation was accompanied by either substantially decreased IFN‐γ responses against autologous EBV‐LCL (eight of 12 study participants) and/or increased responses against particular EBV peptides (six of 12 donors). In seven persons with HLA‐A2 and/or ‐B8 alleles numbers of HLA tetramer‐positive CD8+ T cells also varied over time, but showed no correlation to episodes of detectable viral activity. In summary, IFN‐γ reactivity of EBV‐specific T cells is not constant. Viral reactivation is detected preferably at times of diminished EBV‐LCL‐specific cellular immunity. However, increased reactivity of single immunodominant CD8+ EBV‐specific T‐cell clones may occur in response to virus replication. J. Med. Virol. 84:119–131, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictive value of early viral dynamics during peginterferon and ribavirin combination therapy based on genetic polymorphisms near the IL28B gene in patients infected with HCV genotype 1b
Authors: Toyoda Hidenori , Kumada Takashi , Tada Toshifumi , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Honda Takashi , Katano Yoshiaki , Goto Hidemi , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Murakami Yoshiki , Matsuda Fumihiko
Published: November 2011

A study was carried out to determine whether early viral dynamics retain prediction of the outcome of peginterferon (PEG‐IFN) and ribavirin combination therapy based on different genetic polymorphisms near the IL28B gene, the strongest baseline predictor of response to this therapy. A total of 272 patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b were grouped according to genetic polymorphisms near the IL28B gene (rs8099917). The ability of reduced HCV RNA levels at 4 and 12 weeks after starting therapy to predict a sustained virologic response was evaluated based on these genotypes. Among patients with the TT genotype for rs8099917 (associated with a favorable response), the rates of sustained virologic response were higher in patients with a ≥3 log10 reduction in serum HCV RNA levels at 4 weeks after starting therapy (P < 0.0001). In contrast, among patients with the TG/GG genotype (associated with an unfavorable response), there were no differences in this rate based on the reduction in HCV RNA levels at 4 weeks. Early viral dynamics at 4 weeks after starting therapy retains its predictive value for sustained virologic response in patients with the TT genotype for rs8099917, but not in patients with the TG/GG genotype. Patients who are likely to achieve sustained virologic response despite unfavorable TG/GG genotype cannot be identified based on early viral dynamics during therapy. In contrast, lack of early virologic response at 12 weeks retains a strong predictive value for the failure of sustained virologic response regardless of IL28B polymorphisms, which remains useful as a factor to stop therapy. J. Med. Virol. 84:61–70, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A study of UbcH10 expression and its association with recurrence of meningiomas
Authors: Jiang Lei , Wang Tao , Bao Yi , Qian Jun , Wu Xiao‐Jun , Hu Guo‐Han , Lu Yi‐Cheng
Published: November 2011

Background

UbcH10 is an important regulator for the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint pathway that regulates cell‐cycle progression. Overexpression of UbcH10 significantly correlated with advanced tumor grade and high cell proliferation.

Methods

The expression of UbcH10 and Ki‐67 in meningioma tissues were evaluated immunohistochemically in 47 patients with meningiomas. The correlation of UbcH10 immunoreactivity with clinicopathological features and the prognostic value of UbcH10 in patients were also analyzed.

Results

Immunohistochemistry showed an increase in UbcH10 labeling index in atypical and anaplastic meningiomas versus classical meningiomas (10.53 ± 5.79% vs. 4.23 ± 2.85%, P < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between UbcH10 and Ki‐67 immunoreactivity (Spearman r = 0.77, P < 0.001). Clinicopathological evaluation suggested that UbcH10 expression was associated with tumor grade and recurrence (P < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox multivariate analysis revealed a significant correlation between high levels of UbcH10 immunoreactivity and high rates of tumor recurrence.

Conclusion

We conclude that UbcH10 may play important roles in the development of meningioma, high UbcH10 labeling index indicates higher grade of meningioma, and UbcH10 may be a useful molecular marker for predicting the prognosis of meningioma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:327–331. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bilateral neck metastases in upper aero‐digestive tract cancer: Emphasis on the distribution of lymphatic metastases and prognostic implications
Authors: Kim Tae Wook , Chung Man Ki , Youm Hye‐youn , Jeong Jong‐In , Son Young‐Ik , Jeong Han‐Sin , Baek Chung‐Hwan
Published: November 2011

Background

Bilateral neck metastases (BNM) in patients with upper aero‐digestive tract cancer (UADTC) indicate a poor prognosis. However, the prognostic significance of involved neck node levels has not been determined clearly. In this study, the distribution of neck nodal metastasis and its impact on prognosis were investigated.

Methods

Eighty‐two previously untreated UADTC patients with BNM from 2000 to 2007 were included in these analyses. The pathology was mainly squamous cell carcinomas, including nasopharynx undifferentiated carcinoma and excluding salivary and thyroid carcinomas. The distribution and pattern of neck metastases and their prognostic significance were assessed, along with other clinical variables.

Results

BNM confined to the upper neck level (I–III) showed a lower rate of distant metastasis compared to BNM beyond I–III levels (13.6% vs. 47.4%, P = 0.001). There was a significant reduction in survival among patients with bilateral lower neck (IV–V) metastases on multivariate analysis (HR: 5.95, 95%CI: 1.51–23.43). However, multi‐level involvement itself did not correlate with survival. Subgroup analysis (according to nasopharynx and non‐nasopharynx cancer) also confirmed the strong trends of lower neck nodal involvement for poorer survival in both groups.

Conclusion

BNM at lower neck nodes can be a significant prognostic factor for early systemic dissemination and worse prognosis in UADTC patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:553–558. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decreased expression of V‐set and immunoglobulin domain containing 1 (VSIG1) is associated with poor prognosis in primary gastric cancer
Authors: Chen Yibing , Pan Ke , Li Shengping , Xia Jianchuan , Wang Wei , Chen Jugao , Zhao Jingjing , Lü Lin , Wang Dandan , Pan Qiuzhong , Wang Qijing , Li Yongqiang , He Jia , Li Qiao
Published: November 2011

Background

To date, the significance of altered expression of V‐set and immunoglobulin domain containing 1 (VSIG1) in gastric cancer has not yet been elucidated.

Methods

We examined VSIG1 expression in 30 paired gastric cancer tissues and noncancerous gastric mucosa as well as in 5 gastric cancer cell lines by real‐time PCR and Western blotting. In addition, we analyzed VSIG1 expression in 232 gastric adenocarcinoma samples by immunohistochemistry.

Results

VSIG1 expression was significantly reduced at both the mRNA and protein levels in gastric cancer tissues. Immunohistochemistry revealed that VSIG1 expression was completely lost in 126 out of the 232 (54.3%) patient samples and remarkably reduced in another 106 (45.7%) patients. Negative VSIG1 expression was significantly correlated with tumor size (P = 0.007), T (P = 0.023), and M stage (P = 0.037). Importantly, loss of VSIG1 expression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival (OS, P < 0.001) and disease‐free survival (DFS, P = 0.006) in gastric cancer patients. Cox regression analyses showed that VSIG1 expression was an independent predictor of OS (P = 0.002) and DFS (P = 0.039).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that silencing VSIG1 may play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis and that VSIG1 may serve as a prognostic marker as well as a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:286–293. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Otolaryngology fantastica: The ear, nose, and throat manifestations of munchausen's syndrome
Authors: Alicandri‐Ciufelli Matteo , Moretti Valentina , Ruberto Marco , Monzani Daniele , Chiarini Luigi , Presutti Livio
Published: November 2011

Objectives/Hypothesis:

Munchausen's syndrome (MS) is a form of severe, chronic, factitious disorder with physical symptoms. Some essential features define MS, such as recurrent, feigned, or simulated illness; peregrination (traveling or wandering); pseudologia fantastica; and drug abuse. Munchausen's syndrome by proxy (MSBP) classically involves a parent or other caregiver who inflicts injury or induces illness in a child. The aim of the present study was to summarize and study the main ear, nose, and throat (ENT) manifestations of MS and MSBP.

Study Design:

A systematic literature review carried out in a tertiary university referral center.

Methods:

An appropriate string was run on PubMed to retrieve articles dealing with ENT manifestations of MS and MSBP. A double cross‐check was performed on citations and full‐text articles found using selected inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results:

In total, 24 articles were finally included in the study, describing 30 cases of MS or MSBP involving the ENT region; 15/30 (50%) cases involved the face, most often presenting as facial pain or facial swelling; and 7/30 (23.3%) cases presented with symptoms involving the ear. Six cases out of 30 (20%) were MSBP.

Conclusions:

MS and MSBP may present with symptoms involving the head and neck area, particularly the face and external ear canal. The ENT specialist should suspect MS in patients with strange and long‐lasting symptoms, so as to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatments that waste time and money in the healthcare sector.
Video laryngoscopy‐assisted secondary tracheoesophageal puncture placement for the patient with severely limited neck extension
Authors: Crozier Emily E. , Klein Kevin , Deane Janis , Toles Laura E. , Myers Larry L.
Published: November 2011

Secondary tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) placement in patients with severe limitations in neck extension is challenging. Visualization of the hypopharynx with traditional rigid endoscopy may not be possible. We report using the C‐MAC (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) video laryngoscope to successfully place a secondary TEP in patient with severe radiation fibrosis at a tertiary referral center. A 59‐year‐old male with severe radiation fibrosis of the neck underwent total laryngectomy for a nonfunctioning larynx. His primary TEP dislodged in the early postoperative period and the patient requested secondary TEP and voice prosthesis. The result was a successful, properly positioned, placement of a secondary TEP. Videolaryngoscopy should be included in the surgeon's armamentarium of techniques to effectively and safely perform secondary TEP in anatomically difficult patients.
Display of Functionally Active PHB Depolymerase on Escherichia Coli Cell Surface
Authors: Hiraishi Tomohiro , Yamashita Koichi , Sakono Masafumi , Nakanishi Jun , Tan Liu‐Tzea , Sudesh Kumar , Abe Hideki , Maeda Mizuo
Published: November 2011

The display of PHB depolymerase (PhaZRpiT1) from R. pickettii T1 on the surface of E. coli JM109 cells is realized using OprI of P. aeruginosa as the anchoring motif. The fusion protein is stably expressed and its surface localization is verified by immunofluorescence microscopy. The displayed PhaZRpiT1 retains its cleaving ability for soluble substrates as well as its ability to adsorb to the PHB surface, and also remains catalycically active in the degradation of insoluble polyester materials, in spite of the possible suppression of the enzyme movement on the polymer surface. The results demonstrate that PhaZRpiT1‐displaying E. coli shows potential for use as a whole‐cell biocatalyst for the production of (R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate monomers from insoluble PHB materials.

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The Role of Solvent Ligated Metal Complexes Associated with Weakly Coordinating Counteranions (WCAs) in Isobutylene Polymerization
Authors: Yeong Hui Yee , Voit Brigitte , Li Yang , Kühn Fritz E. , Radhakrishnan Narayanan
Published: November 2011

Summary: Polyisobutylene is an industrially important polymer which is conventionally prepared by polymerization at temperatures below 0 °C. The application of solvent ligated metal complexes associated with weakly coordinating counteranions (WCAs), however, allows the room temperature (30 °C) polymerization of isobutylene resulting in highly reactive polyisobutylene (HR‐PIB) containing a high content of terminal double bonds. Recently described complexes include manganese (II), copper(II), molybdenum(III) and zink(II) complexes which were coordinated octahedrally with the boron and alumina based WCAs, each with its own advantages and traits.
Can Propagation Reaction in Carbocationic Polymerization and Copolymerization of Styrene be Diffusion Controlled ?
Authors: Sigwalt Pierre , Moreau Michel
Published: November 2011

Summary: The reactivity ratios r1 and r2 in copolymerizations of styrene and parasubstituted styrenes, for which r1 = 1/r2, are in contradiction with diffusion control for their propagation reactions. The cross propagation rate constants k12copol in copolymerization of styrene with p‐chlorostyrene, p‐methylstyrene and p‐methoxystyrene have been shown to increase with their nucleophilicity parameter N. This is also not compatible with diffusion controlled cross propagation and propagation, but agrees with similar rate constants of propagation for these monomers. The capping rate constants k12capp of reactions of poly(p‐methylstyrene)± and poly(p‐methoxystyrene)± with π‐nucleophiles also increase with N, but with a much larger selectivity. This shows that k12copol and k12capp are not identical. The k, from 109 to 6 109 L mol−1 s−1, obtained with p‐chlorostyrene, styrene and p‐methylstyrene by the Diffusion Clock (DC) method are not consistent with those derived from the ionic species concentration (ISC method) for indene, 2,4,6‐trimethylstyrene and p‐methoxystyrene of the order of 104 – 105 L mol−1 s−1, also measured for living polymerization. These last values are in agreement with those measured previously in nonliving systems, and with an approximate compensation between the reactivity of a monomer and that of the corresponding carbocation.
Porphyrin‐Containing Photosensitizer Obtained via Controlled Radical Polymerization
Authors: Karewicz Anna , Kłos Małgorzata , Zapotoczny Szczepan , Nowakowska Maria
Published: November 2011

Summary: Block amphiphilic copolymer, poly(sodium styrenesulfonate‐block‐5‐(4‐acryloyloxyphenyl)‐10,15,20‐tritolylporphyrin) (PSSS‐block‐Po) was synthesized by nitroxide‐mediated controlled radical polymerization. The polymer is soluble in water and can absorb light in the visible region. The absorbed energy migrates between the porphyrin chromophores. The polymer chains form nanospheres in aqueous solution. Their interiors are highly hydrophobic and can effectively solubilize the large hydrophobic molecules of the various organic compounds (pyrene, azulene, rubrene). The polymer photosensitizes oxidation of organic compounds via photoinduced electron transfer and/or via formation of singlet oxygen. The effect of the architecture, chain properties and Po content on the photochemical properties of the porphyrin‐containing photosensitizers was also discussed.
Star‐Like Polymers of tert‐Butyl Acrylate via Controlled Radical Polymerization – Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Dworak Andrzej , Kowalczuk Agnieszka , Mendrek Barbara , Trzebicka Barbara
Published: November 2011

Summary: Star polymers with different numbers and lengths of poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) arms were obtained by the core‐first method via atom transfer and iodine mediated radical polymerization. Multifunctional initiators with different numbers of initiating groups (from 3 to 28) were used to initiate the polymerization of tert‐butyl acrylate, yielding stars with different numbers of arms. The structures of the stars were characterized by NMR and gel permeation chromatography with refractive index, multiangle laser light scattering and viscosimetric detectors.
Linear High Molar Mass Polyglycidol and its Direct α‐Azido Functionalization
Authors: Gervais Matthieu , Brocas Anne‐Laure , Cendejas Gabriel , Deffieux Alain , Carlotti Stephane
Published: November 2011

Summary: Linear polyglycidols with narrow chain dispersity and controlled high molar masses were prepared in a few hours by monomer‐activated anionic polymerization of protected monomers, ethoxyethyl glycidyl ether and tert‐butyl glycidyl ether, using a system composed of tetraoctylammonium bromide as initiator and triisobutylaluminum, used in 1.5 to 5‐fold excess compared to the initiator, as co‐initiator and monomer activator. This synthetic approach was shown to give various polyglycidol‐based copolyethers in particular with propylene oxide or butene oxide. α‐Azido,ω‐hydroxy‐poly(ethoxyethyl glycidyl ether) and other polyethers were directly prepared when tetrabutylammonium azide was used as initiator. Size exclusion chromatography and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight characterizations as well as “click” reactions were used to demonstrate the efficiency of the functionalization.
Competitive Processes in Controlled Cationic Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Oxetane: a Lotka‐Volterra Predator‐Prey Model of Two Growing Species Competing for the same Resources
Authors: Bouchékif Hassen , Amass Allan J.
Published: November 2011

Summary: The activation‐deactivation pseudo‐equilibrium coefficient Qt and constant K0 (=Qt x PaT1,t = ([A1]x[Ox])/([T1]x[T])) as well as the factor of activation (PaT1,t) and rate constants of elementary steps reactions that govern the increase of Mn with conversion in controlled cationic ring‐opening polymerization of oxetane (Ox) in 1,4‐dioxane (1,4‐D) and in tetrahydropyran (THP) (i.e. cyclic ethers which have no homopolymerizability (T)) were determined using terminal‐model kinetics. We show analytically that the dynamic behavior of the two growing species (A1 and T1) competing for the same resources (Ox and T) follows a Lotka‐Volterra model of predator‐prey interactions.
African American men significantly underestimate their risk of having prostate cancer at the time of biopsy
Authors: Hemmerich Joshua A. , Ahmad Faraz S. , Meltzer David O. , Dale William
Published: November 2011

Background

Guidelines for prostate cancer (PCa) screening recommend physicians to have an informational discussion with patients. At the time of biopsy, patients should be informed of their heightened PCa risk, particularly African Americans (AA) who have significantly higher diagnostic and mortality risk. We tested predictors of patients' estimation of their likelihood of having PCa at the time of biopsy.

Methods

A convenience sample of AA (n = 207) and white (n = 271) biopsy patients was surveyed at the time of prostate biopsy. Participants gave likelihood estimations of having PCa and data on their socio‐demographics, health, clinical status, and general and PCa‐specific anxiety. Binary logistic regressions tested for predictors of the patients' estimations and biopsy results.

Results

Fifty‐one percent of AA men answered that they had a ‘0%’ likelihood of having PCa versus 19% of whites, whereas 57% of AA men had abnormal biopsies compared with 42% of whites. In logistic regressions, predictors of patient answers of 0% chance of PCa were AA ethnicity (OR = 4.50; p < 0.001), lower cancer‐specific anxiety (OR = 0.93; p < 0.01), less education (OR = 2.38; p < 0.05), and less urinary disturbance (OR = 0.70; p < .05). In a second regression, AA patients trended towards higher positive biopsy rates (OR = 1.43; p = 0.17).

Conclusions

At biopsy, AA more often estimated their likelihood of PCa as 0%, despite higher risks. Reasons for these low estimates and their potential contribution to poor treatment outcomes of AA patients require further investigation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Partner (dis)agreement on moving desires and the subsequent moving behaviour of couples
Authors: Coulter Rory , van Ham Maarten , Feijten Peteke
Published: November 2011

Most studies of residential mobility decision‐making focus on the housing and neighbourhood satisfaction and pre‐move thoughts of individuals. This implicitly assumes that individual evaluations represent the wider household unit. However, if partners in a couple do not share evaluations of dwelling or neighbourhood quality or do not agree on whether moving is (un)desirable, ignoring these disagreements will lead to an inaccurate assessment of the strength of the links between moving desires and actual moves. Although overlooked in studies of residential mobility, partner disagreement plays an important role in the literature on family migration. This study is, therefore, one of the first to investigate disagreements in moving desires between partners and the subsequent consequences of such disagreements for moving behaviour. Drawing on British Household Panel Survey data and concepts from family migration studies, we find that disagreement about the desirability of moving is most likely where partners do not share perceptions of housing stress. Panel logistic regression models show that the moving desires of both partners interact to affect the moving behaviour of couples. Only 7.6% of couples move if only the man desires to move, whereas 20.1% of shared moving desires lead to a subsequent move. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Taming transport in InN
Authors: Ager Joel W. , Miller Nate R.
Published: November 2011

The large electron affinity of InN, close to 6 eV and the largest of any III–V semiconductor, creates a strong driving force for native donor formation, both in the bulk and at surfaces and interfaces. Moreover, all InN surfaces, regardless of crystal orientation or doping, have been observed to have a surface accumulation layer of electrons, which interferes with standard electrical measurements. For these reasons, until recently, it was uncertain whether or not compensation by donor defects would prevent “real” p‐type activity (i.e., existence of sufficiently shallow acceptors and mobile holes). A coordinated experimental approach using a combination of electrical (Hall effect) and electrothermal (Seebeck coefficient) measurements will be described that allows definitive evaluation of carrier transport in InN. In Mg‐doped InN films, the sensitivity of thermopower to bulk hole conduction, combined with modeling of the parallel conducting layers (surface/bulk/interface), enables quantitative measurement of the free hole concentration and mobility. In undoped (n‐type) material, combined Hall and thermopower measurements, along with a considering of the scattering mechanisms, leads to a quantitative understanding of the crucial role of charged line defects in limiting electron transport.
Point defect evolution in low‐temperature MOCVD growth of InN
Authors: Rauch Christian , Tuna Öcal , Giesen Christoph , Heuken Michael , Tuomisto Filip
Published: November 2011

We present a systematic study of the influence of the growth temperature on the point defect landscape in metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) InN. State‐of‐the‐art InN layers were grown at temperatures from 500 to 550 °C and positron annihilation spectroscopy has been used to investigate the incorporation of vacancy defects during the growth process. We find that a decrease of the growth temperature below 550 °C leads to increasing free carrier concentrations and lower mobilities. At the same time, positron measurements observe an enhanced introduction of mixed In‐N vacancy complexes which gather preferentially at the interface between the InN layer and the GaN template. As the measured In vacancy concentration seems too low to promote efficient defect complexing, it suggests an increased formation of N vacancies at low temperature growth through insufficient cracking of NH3, which may be responsible for the observed increase in the free carrier concentration.
Raman‐scattering characterization of InN films grown by pressurized metal organic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Kim Jung Gon , Kamei Yasuhito , Kimura Atsuhito , Hasuike Noriyuki , Harima Hiroshi , Kisoda Kenji , Liu Yu Huai , Matsuoka Takashi
Published: November 2011

Improvement of hexagonal InN film quality grown by metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy has been challenged by changing the ambient‐gas pressure in 87–320 kPa (∼1–3 atm.). The growth temperature and the source‐gas supply ratio, the so‐called V/III ratio, were optimized at each ambient‐gas pressure to improve the film quality. Raman scattering characterization of InN phonon spectra showed great improvement in crystalline quality by increasing the pressure from 87 to 213 kPa, and furthermore to 320 kPa. This tendency was also confirmed by a structural characterization by X‐ray diffraction.
Photoreflectance study of InGaAs/AlAsSb coupled double quantum wells
Authors: Mozume T. , Gozu S.
Published: November 2011

Sixty periods of undoped InxGa1–xAs/AlAs0.56Sb0.44 CDQWs with extremely thin Al(Ga)As coupling barriers between the InGaAs wells were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Photoreflectance (PR) spectra show interband transitions related to the heavy and light holes. After taking into account the strain‐induced and quantum confinement effects, the theoretical calculations are in fairly good agreement with the PR measurement results. The interband transition energy between ground subbands was redshifted as the In composition increased from 0.53 to 0.8, and reducing the AlAs coupling barrier thickness from three mono‐layers (MLs) to two MLs. Further shift of the CDQWs interband absorption edge energy toward a communication wavelength of 1.55 µm, while maintaining the intersubband transition energy at around 0.8 eV, was achieved using 2 MLs of Al0.4Ga0.6As coupling barriers and ln0.8Ga0.2As wells. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrical characteristics of in‐plane gate logic devices
Authors: Komatsuzaki Yuji , Kyougoku Tomoteru , Saba Kenichi , Onomitsu Koji , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Horikoshi Yoshiji
Published: November 2011

Logic devices based on in‐plane gate (IPG) transistors are realized and their electrical characteristics are investigated. An IPG transistor connected in series with a resistance functions as a logic device. In this work, we present logic devices based on lateral gate structures using an additional IPG transistor as a variable resistance. The logic device is formed by an in‐plane double gate transistor connected in series with a self‐gating transistor as a variable resistance. It shows clear input‐output characteristics as a logic device. Either NAND or NOR operation can be achieved by changing the width of the self‐gating transistor. The operation of IPG logic devices depends on the resistance ratio of the two transistors. By using IPG transistors as variable resistances, the Hi/Low ratio is high enough for reliable logic operations. Furthermore, it is shown that the number of terminals and wiring are considerably reduced by using our IPG logic devices compared to logic devices based on CMOS transistors. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural properties of InAs‐based nanostructures grown on GaAs(001) and GaAs(111)A by area selective epitaxy
Authors: Zander Marlene , Nishinaga Jiro , Iga Kazuki , Horikoshi Yoshiji
Published: November 2011

Area selective epitaxy (ASE) of InAs on patterned SiO2/GaAs(001) and SiO2/GaAs(111)A substrates has been investigated for various In flux intensities and substrate temperatures TS by using migration enhanced epitaxy (MEE). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicates a different behaviour in the strain relaxation mechanism for ASE grown InAs structures on GaAs(001) and those grown on GaAs(111)A. In case of InAs/GaAs(001) Moiré‐like fringes due to strain relaxation are visible up to at least 35 nm in the InAs dot structure, while for InAs/GaAs(111)A the Moiré‐like fringes are confined at the interface. Furthermore, electron dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) showed a relatively high In concentration below the interface for InAs/GaAs(001) indicating the formation of a reaction layer even for structures grown at a low TS of 460 °C. For InAs on GaAs(111)A grown under the same conditions, almost no In was detected below the interface (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Near‐field photoluminescence spectroscopy of CdTe/Cd0.75Mn0.25Te tilted superlattices
Authors: Harada Yukihiro , Kita Takashi , Matsuda Kazunari , Kanemitsu Yoshihiko , Mariette Henri
Published: November 2011

We have studied the broadened emission lines of CdTe/Cd0.75Mn0.25Te tilted superlattices (TSLs) in contrast to the sharp emission lines of the nonmagnetic CdTe/Cd0.74Mg0.26Te TSLs by using near‐field scanning optical microscopy. The broadening of the photoluminescence (PL) spectra reflect the statistical fluctuation in the magnetization of Mn spins in the exciton magnetic polaron (EMP). The EMP PL strongly depends on the temperature; the line width of the EMP PL spectrum becomes narrow and the spatial distribution of the EMP PL intensity has been found to be reduced with rising the temperature from 5 to 11 K, because of annihilation of the EMP. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparison of InAs nanowire conductivity: influence of growth method and structure
Authors: Sladek Kamil , Winden Andreas , Wirths Stephan , Weis Karl , Blömers Christian , Gül Önder , Grap Thomas , Lenk Steffi , von der Ahe Martina , Weirich Thomas E. , Hardtdegen Hilde , Lepsa Mihail Ion , Lysov Andrey , Li Zi‐An , Prost Werner , Tegude Franz‐Josef , Lüth Hans , Schäpers Thomas , Grützmacher Detlev
Published: November 2011

The conductivity and crystal structure of nominally undoped InAs nanowires deposited by three different methods – 1. selective area metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (SA MOVPE), 2. gold assisted vapor liquid solid (VLS) MOVPE and 3. extrinsic catalyst free VLS molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) – is investigated. The influence on conductivity by stacking faults and different growth conditions is analyzed to determine the main impact. It is found that in terms of crystal structure, nanowires deposited by VLS MOVPE and VLS MBE behave similarly showing a zinc blende (ZB) phase while nanowires deposited by SA MOVPE feature a high density of stacking faults and a tendency to higher amounts of wurtzite (WZ) when grown with a decreased growth rate. However, the conductivity of wires deposited by VLS MOVPE is found to be much higher and statistically less dispersive compared to the other two wire types. An electrical similarity between nominally undoped wires in VLS MOVPE and previously reported intentionally doped wires in SA MOVPE is observed and discussed. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Vapour phase synthesis of aligned molybdenum oxide nanowires at low temperature
Authors: Hong Kunquan , An Ming , Song Rui , Liu Liqing , Xu Mingxiang
Published: November 2011

Quasi‐aligned molybdenum oxide nanowires are synthesized on silicon substrate by a thermal evaporation method, at a low temperature of 550 °C without using any catalyst. The diameter of these nanowires is about 100 nm, with steps in the top to form a sharp tip. The field emission measurement shows that these nanowires have strong electron field emission abilities, with high field enhancement factor and a relatively low turn‐on field of 2.16 V µm–1, suggesting that these molybdenum oxide nanowire arrays might be promising candidates as field emitters.

magnified image

SEM images of the molybdenum oxide nanowires: (a) top view and (b) cross‐sectional view.

(© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tunable magnetic anisotropy of CoFe2O4 nanopillar arrays released from BiFeO3 matrix
Authors: Wang Zhiguang , Viswan Ravindranath , Hu Bolin , Harris V. G. , Li Jie‐Fang , Viehland D.
Published: November 2011

We deposited epitaxial BiFeO3–CoFe2O4 (BFO–CFO) self‐assembled thin films on (001) SrTiO3 (STO) substrates. We find that a combined annealing and etching process could remove the BFO matrix, thereby resulting in free‐standing CFO nanopillar arrays. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopies showed well separated CFO nanopillars, which were very similar to the original CFO ones in the self‐assembled structure. Finally, comparison of the magnetic hysteresis loops before and after removal of the BFO matrix showed a significant decrease of the coercive field and a dramatic decrease in the strain dominated magnetic anisotropy. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Antidiabetic Effect of the Total Polyphenolic Acids Fraction from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Huang Mingqing , Xie Youliang , Chen Lidian , Chu Kedan , Wu Shuisheng , Lu Jinjian , Chen Xiuping , Wang Yitao , Lai Xiaoping
Published: November 2011

An investigation was made to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the total polyphenolic acids fraction (PAF) from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in the type 2 diabetes mellitus rats model with an oral dose of 187 mg/kg for 28 days. The results showed that PAF induced a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting blood insulin (FINS), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and an obvious increase in insulin sensitivity index (ISI) in diabetic rats induced by a high fat diet and a low dose of streptozocin (STZ). These results suggested that PAF has antidiabetic potential in vivo. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Review of the Efficacy and Safety of Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.) and Corosolic Acid
Authors: Stohs Sidney J. , Miller Howard , Kaats Gilbert R.
Published: November 2011

Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.) extracts have been used for many years in folk medicine to treat diabetes, with the first published research study being reported in 1940. This review summarizes the current literature regarding banaba and its constituents. The hypoglycemic effects of banaba have been attributed to both corosolic acid as well as ellagitannins. Studies have been conducted in various animal models, human subjects and in vitro systems using water soluble banaba leaf extracts, corosolic acid‐standardized extracts, and purified corosolic acid and ellagitannins. Pure corosolic acid has been reported to decrease blood sugar levels within 60 min in human subjects. Corosolic acid also exhibits antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antifungal, antiviral, antineoplastic and osteoblastic activities. The beneficial effects of banaba and corosolic acid with respect to various aspects of glucose and lipid metabolism appear to involve multiple mechanisms, including enhanced cellular uptake of glucose, impaired hydrolysis of sucrose and starches, decreased gluconeogenesis and the regulation of lipid metabolism. These effects may be mediated by PPAR, MAP K, NF‐κB and other signal transduction factors. No adverse effects have been observed or reported in animal studies or controlled human clinical trials. Banaba extract, corosolic acid and other constituents may be beneficial in addressing the symptoms associated with metabolic syndrome, as well as offering other health benefits. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a simultaneous liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of type B trichothecenes, their derivatives, and precursors in wheat
Authors: Kadota Tomoyuki , Kimura Makoto , Hirano Satoshi , Tajima Osamu , Nakajima Takashi , Kamata Yoichi , Sugita‐Konishi Yoshiko
Published: November 2011

A method coupling liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of trichothecenes, nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol‐3‐glucoside, fusarenon‐X, 3‐acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15‐acetyldeoxynivalenol, isotrichodermin, calonectrin, 3‐deacetylcalonectrin, 15‐deacetylcalonectrin, 3,15‐diacetylnivalenol, 4,15‐diacetylnivalenol, 3,15‐diacetyldeoxynivalenol, and 3,4,15‐triacetylnivalenol. The analytical parameters of trichothecenes and their derivatives were optimized to enable their highly sensitive detection. Evaluation of clean‐up procedures using Multisep #226 and #227 indicated that Multisep #227 was more suitable for their simultaneous detection in wheat. In performance validation studies using the LC/MS/MS method with Multisep #227 cleanup, good recoveries ranging from 84% to 115% with relative standard deviations from 0.4% to 7.2% were measured. The limits of detection and quantification ranged from 0.03 to 1.4 ng·g−1 and from 0.1 to 4.7 ng·g−1, respectively. The effect of matrices using matrix‐matched calibration was estimated to range from 80% to 117% after Multisep #227 cleanup. Multisep #227 clean‐up procedure with matrix‐free standard calibration achieved accurate quantification without having a considerable effect on matrix compounds. Using the developed method, several trichothecene derivatives and precursors were detected in fungally inoculated wheat samples. The developed LC/MS/MS method is a practical technique that can be used for the quantification of trichothecenes in wheat. This study is the first report of an analytical method used for the simultaneous quantification of major trichothecenes, their derivatives and precursors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing agreement with repeated measures for random observers
Authors: Chen Chia‐Cheng , Barnhart Huiman X.
Published: November 2011

Agreement studies are often concerned with assessing whether different observers for measuring responses on the same subject or sample can produce similar results. The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) is a popular index for assessing the closeness among observers for quantitative measurements. Usually, the CCC is used for data without and with replications based on subject and observer effects only. However, we cannot use this methodology if repeated measurements rather than replications are collected. Although there exist some CCC‐type indices for assessing agreement with repeated measurements, there is no CCC for random observers and random time points. In this paper, we propose a new CCC for repeated measures where both observers and time points are treated as random effects. A simulation study demonstrates our proposed methodology, and we use vertebral body data and image data for illustrations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation, composition, morphological and pasting properties of starches from rice cultivars grown in Nigeria
Authors: Ashogbon Adeleke Omodunbi , Akintayo Temitope Emmanuel
Published: November 2011

The isolation, composition, morphology and pasting properties of rice starches from different rice cultivars (N2R, Nerica II rice; IGR, Igbemo rice; ILR, Ilaje rice; and EAR, Efon Alaye rice) were studied. The starches were isolated from their flours by using a modified deproteination method in 0.1% NaOH. The highest starch yield of 65% was obtained from EAR with a residual protein of 0.41% and lowest starch yield of 45.70% from IGR with a residual protein of 0.42%. The AAM concentration of rice starches ranged from 21.88 to 26.04%. The sizes of the starch granules obtained from SEM were between 3 and 8 µm, some of the granules were individual (single) while others were fused (compound granules). The starch granules were small, polygonal and irregular in shape. The pasting parameters were evaluated using rapid visco analyser (RVA). Significant differences were observed in individual pasting parameters such as peak viscosity (PV), breakdown viscosity (BV), final viscosity (FV) and setback viscosity (SV). Cooked ILR starch had the highest PV (279.69 RVU; rapid viscosity units) and BV (52.50 RVU) when compared to the other starches. In contrast, N2R showed the highest FV (329.92 RVU) and SV (102.50 RVU), the latter due to the high concentration of AAM. The results revealed that cultivar has an effect on composition and pasting properties of rice starch.
Prognostic Relevance of Survivin in Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors
Authors: Ekeblad Sara , Lejonklou Margareta Halin , Stålberg Peter , Skogseid Britt
Published: November 2011

Background

Better prognostic markers are needed for pancreatic endocrine tumors. Survivin is an apoptosis inhibitor that is suggested to have a negative prognostic impact in several tumor types. Contradictory data exist, especially regarding the significance of a nuclear versus cytoplasmic location of survivin. The prognostic relevance of nuclear and cytoplasmic survivin expression in pancreatic endocrine tumors—controlled for the tumor Ki‐67 index, World Health Organization classification, and TNM stage—was investigated.

Methods

A total of 111 patients treated at a tertiary referral center were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical data were gathered from medical records. Immunohistochemistry for survivin and Ki‐67 was performed on paraffin‐embedded tissue. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were performed.

Results

Patients with tumors that had <5% survivin‐positive nuclei had a mean survival of 225 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 168–281]. The corresponding figure for patients with 5 to 50% survivin‐positive tumor cell nuclei was 101 months [95% CI 61–140; hazard ratio (HR) 2.4; P < 0.01) and with >50% survivin‐positive nuclei 47 months (95% CI 24–71; HR 4.9; P < 0.001). Nuclear survivin expression in >50% of the tumor cells was an independent marker of a poor prognosis (HR 5.7; P < 0.01). Cytoplasmic survivin was not a significant prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis (HR 0.94; P = 0.90).

Conclusions

High expression of nuclear survivin is a significant marker of a poor prognosis in patients with a pancreatic endocrine tumor.