bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les archives de la Manche au péril de la guerre
Authors: Désiré dit Gosset Gilles
Published: September 2018

Les archives départementales de la Manche ont subi, au soir du 6 juin 1944, une destruction complète de leurs collections dans les combats de la Libération. Ce texte évoque les raisons de cette catastrophe archivistique, dans le contexte des mesures prises pour la protection du patrimoine pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Il s’attache ensuite à décrire les multiples axes de la politique de reconstitution des collections conduite par les archivistes départementaux successifs depuis ce désastre.
Réflexions autour du film The Monuments Men (2014)
Authors: Langlois Suzanne
Published: September 2018

The Monuments Men est un long métrage américain réalisé par George Clooney et sorti sur les écrans en février 2014. Co-scénarisé et coproduit par Clooney et son collaborateur de longue date, Grant Heslov, le film met en scène quelques membres de la section spécialisée « Monuments, Fine Arts and Archives » durant les derniers mois de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Ce petit groupe d’engagés volontaires rattachés aux différents corps d’armée alliés avait pour mission de protéger le patrimoine culturel en temps de guerre. Les Monuments Men se révélèrent indispensables au sauvetage de vastes collections d’art spoliées par les nazis et cachées dans des dépôts en Allemagne. C’est cette course contre la montre de juin 1944 à mai 1945 que Clooney met en scène. Production hollywoodienne mélangeant les genres, le film était très attendu, mais a été largement vilipendé par la critique, bien qu’il se soit avéré un succès commercial. L’existence même d’une telle brigade spéciale en zone de guerre, le discours sur ce que représente le patrimoine culturel dans la vie des sociétés, sur la nécessité de préserver cet héritage, tous ces éléments continuent de retenir l’attention aujourd’hui. En cause, les destructions récentes d’oeuvres et de sites archéologiques majeurs dans des conflits actuels au Moyen-Orient et en Afrique, où le saccage devient une arme de guerre. En revisitant la genèse de ce film et sa mise au présent, il apparaît désormais que The Monuments Men aurait fait oeuvre utile.
Le Bouclier Bleu
Authors: Pinauldt Ariane
Published: September 2018

L’évolution des notions de bien culturel et de bien commun, ainsi que l’ampleur des atteintes contre le patrimoine artistique au cours du XXe siècle, ont conduit la communauté internationale à adopter des instruments juridiques protégeant les oeuvres. Dans le sillon du droit humanitaire issu de la création de la Croix-Rouge, le texte fondamental concernant le patrimoine en cas de conflit armé est la convention de La Haye de 1954. Mise en oeuvre par l’UNESCO, les principes de cette convention sont diffusés avec l’appui et le soutien d’un organisme spécifique, Blue Shield, qui mène des actions aussi bien en temps de paix qu’auprès de pays en guerre. En France, le Comité français du Bouclier bleu, quoique surtout tourné vers la protection face aux risques naturels, relaye auprès des institutions civiles et militaires les enjeux de la convention de La Haye.
Open educational resources for the validation of global high-resolution land cover maps
Authors: Kilsedar Candan E , Bratic Gorica , Molinari Monia E , Minghini Marco , Brovelli Maria A
Published: September 2018

Land cover (LC) maps are crucial to understand and analyze several phenomena, including urbanization, deforestation and climate change. This elevates the importance of their accuracy, which is assessed through a validation process. However, it has been observed that knowledge on the importance of LC maps and their validation is limited. Hence, a set of educational resources has been created to assist in the validation of LC maps. These resources, available under an open access license, focus on the validation procedure through open source and easy-to-use tools. Moreover, addressing the lack of accurate and up-to-date reference LC data, an application has been developed that provides users a means to collect LC data.
An interactive tool for teaching map projections
Authors: Heitzler Magnus , Bär Hans-Rudolf , Schenkel Roland , Hurni Lorenz
Published: September 2018

Map projections are one of the fundamental concepts of geographic information science and cartography. An understanding of the different variants and properties is critical when creating maps or carrying out geospatial analyses. To support learning about map projections, we present an online tool that allows to interactively explore the construction process of map projections. A central 3D view shows the three main building blocks for perspective map projections: the globe, the projection surface (cone, cylinder, plane) and the projection center. Interactively adjusting these objects allows to create a multitude of arrangements forming the basis for common map projections. Further insights can be gained by adding supplementary information, such as projection lines and Tissot’s indicatrices. Once all objects have been arranged in a desired way, the projection surface can be unrolled to form the final flat map. Currently, the tool is limited to visualize the construction of true perspective map projections. In the future, prime concerns are to increase the genericity of the application to support more map projections and to integrate it into the GITTA (Geographic Information Technology Training Alliance) platform.
Studying the Indigo Child Types and How to Handle Them Based on the Novel Gerbang Dialog Danur Through Literary Psychology
Authors: Lustyantie Ninuk , Ajeng Fitriany Dhinar , Emzir -
Published: September 2018

Starting from the phenomenon of Indigo children who seize the attention of the people in several countries, including in Indonesia, the uniqueness of Indigo children becomes distinctive for Indigo children compared with other children in general. The uniqueness of Indigo children can be described by authors in literary works, such as novels. In addition, the uniqueness of Indigo children revealed in a novel can be used as a renewal in teaching novels reviewed using the literary psychology approach. The study of psychology in literature is an important thing to do with the aim of developing a way of teaching literature. However, the study of psychology in literature is still very less. In addition, research on Indigo children in literary works has never been done. In dealing with this problem, qualitative research using content analysis method with a literary structural approach and literary psychology of novel entitled “Gerbang Dialog Danur” written by Risa Saraswati was conducted. The result of the research is the phenomenon of Indigo children described by the main character, that is Aku (Risa). In addition, this study also produced findings, namely the types of Indigo children and how to deal with them suggested in the novel. The results of this study conclude that Indonesian literary teachers, literary researchers, novel readers, parents, and the general public can use the novel Gerbang Dialog Danur by Risa Saraswati in the process of teaching literature, especially in the study of psychology.
The sialyltransferase ST3Gal3 facilitates the receptivity of the uterine endometrium in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Yu Ming , Wang Hao , Liu Jianwei , Qin Huamin , Liu Shuai , Yan Qiu
Published: September 2018

The receptive uterine endometrium specifically expresses certain glycosyltransferases, and the corresponding oligosaccharides play important roles in accepting the embryo. The sialyltransferase β‐galactoside‐α2,3‐sialyltransferase III (ST3Gal3) is the key enzyme responsible for sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) oligosaccharide biosynthesis, but the expression and function of ST3Gal3 in the receptive endometrium is still elusive. Here, we found that human endometrial tissues at secretory phase expressed a 4‐fold higher ST3Gal3 level relative to the tissues at proliferative phase. Meanwhile, downregulation of ST3Gal3 or sLeX epitope blockage significantly impaired the receptive ability of human endometrial RL95‐2 cells to trophoblastic cells in vitro and inhibited implantation in pregnant mice. This study suggests that ST3Gal3 facilitates endometrial receptivity through increasing sLeX oligosaccharide, which gives a better understanding of the glycobiology of implantation.
Preclinical studies reveal that LSD1 inhibition results in tumor growth arrest in lung adenocarcinoma independently of driver mutations
Authors: Macheleidt Iris F. , Dalvi Priya S. , Lim So‐Young , Meemboor Sonja , Meder Lydia , Käsgen Olivia , Müller Marion , Kleemann Karolin , Wang Lingyu , Nürnberg Peter , Rüsseler Vanessa , Schäfer Stephan C. , Mahabir Esther , Büttner Reinhard , Odenthal Margarete
Published: September 2018

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most prevalent subtype of non‐small cell lung cancer. Despite the development of novel targeted and immune therapies, the 5‐year survival rate is still only 21%, indicating the need for more efficient treatment regimens. Lysine‐specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is an epigenetic eraser that modifies histone 3 methylation status, and is highly overexpressed in LUAD. Using representative human cell culture systems and two autochthonous transgenic mouse models, we investigated inhibition of LSD1 as a novel therapeutic option for treating LUAD. The reversible LSD1 inhibitor HCI‐2509 significantly reduced cell growth with an IC50 of 0.3–5 μmin vitro, which was linked to an enhancement of histone 3 lysine methylation. Most importantly, growth arrest, as well as inhibition of the invasion capacities, was independent of the underlying driver mutations. Subsequent expression profiling revealed that the cell cycle and replication machinery were prominently affected after LSD1 inhibition. In addition, our data provide evidence that LSD1 blockade significantly interferes with EGFR downstream signaling. Finally, our in vitro results were confirmed by preclinical therapeutic approaches, including the use of two autochthonous transgenic LUAD mouse models driven by either EGFR or KRAS mutations. Importantly, LSD1 inhibition resulted in significantly lower tumor formation and a strong reduction in tumor progression, which were independent of the underlying mutational background of the mouse models. Hence, our findings provide substantial evidence indicating that tumor growth of LUAD can be markedly decreased by HCI‐2509 treatment, suggesting its use as a single agent maintenance therapy or combined therapeutical application in novel concerted drug approaches.
Retracted: Trastuzumab induces PUMA‐dependent apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth in gastric cancer
Authors: Luo Linghe , Liu Haiyan , Xi Qian
Published: September 2018

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Trastuzumab has been approved for the treatment of metastatic GC, gastroesophageal junction cancer, and breast cancer. However, the mechanisms involved in trastuzumab‐induced GC cell apoptosis remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of trastuzumab‐mediated suppression of GC cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. We found that trastuzumab treatment induces p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) expression in GC cells, through the NF‐κB pathway following AKT inhibition and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activation. We also observed that PUMA was necessary for trastuzumab‐induced apoptosis in GC cells. Moreover, PUMA deficiency suppressed apoptosis and the antitumor effect of trastuzumab in xenograft models. Finally, computerized tomography (CT) and immunohistochemistry results showed that patients with increased activation of PUMA were more sensitive to trastuzumab treatment than those with low PUMA expression. These results indicate that trastuzumab induces PUMA‐dependent apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth in GC, suggesting that PUMA plays a critical role in mediating the antitumor effects of trastuzumab in GC. PUMA induction may be used as a marker of trastuzumab sensitivity.
Clutch Wet
Authors: Fujii Yuji , Kapas Nimrod , Tseng Jau‐Wen
Published: September 2018

A wet clutch, which is a type of an oil‐lubricated friction device, is widely utilized in contemporary drivetrain systems as a torque‐transmission or torque‐holding device. It is most commonly employed in a planetary gear‐based automatic transmission as a means to alter torque paths for automated gear ratio changing. A wet clutch is also found as a vehicle launch device in a lay shaft automatic transmission, as a torque split device in a torque transfer case, and, most recently, as a torque‐coupling device in a gasoline‐electric hybrid drive. Although the wet clutch technology has been around over 100 years, its design continues to evolve even today to meet ever‐demanding challenges in fuel economy improvement, drivability enhancement, and shift quality refinement. This chapter describes a wet clutch structure, components, construction materials, and key geometric features. The operating mechanisms and characteristics are presented in details for open clutch, engagement, and release processes. A clutch design process and evaluation methods are discussed in relation to fuel economy, automatic shift quality, and durability requirements. This chapter is concluded with a summary of future trends in wet clutch technologies.
Phenotypic expansion in DDX3X – a common cause of intellectual disability in females
Authors: Wang Xia , Posey Jennifer E. , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Bacino Carlos A. , Scaglia Fernando , Immken LaDonna , Harris Jill M. , Hickey Scott E. , Mosher Theresa M. , Slavotinek Anne , Zhang Jing , Beuten Joke , Leduc Magalie S. , He Weimin , Vetrini Francesco , Walkiewicz Magdalena A. , Bi Weimin , Xiao Rui , Liu Pengfei , Shao Yunru , Gezdirici Alper , Gulec Elif Y. , Jiang Yunyun , Darilek Sandra A. , Hansen Adam W. , Khayat Michael M. , Pehlivan Davut , Piard Juliette , Muzny Donna M. , Hanchard Neil , Belmont John W. , Van Maldergem Lionel , Gibbs Richard A. , Eldomery Mohammad K. , Akdemir Zeynep C. , Adesina Adekunle M. , Chen Shan , Lee Yi‐Chien ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Lee Brendan , Lupski James R. , Eng Christine M. , Xia Fan , Yang Yaping , Graham Brett H. , Moretti Paolo
Published: September 2018

De novo variants in DDX3X account for 1–3% of unexplained intellectual disability (ID) cases and are amongst the most common causes of ID especially in females. Forty‐seven patients (44 females, 3 males) have been described. We identified 31 additional individuals carrying 29 unique DDX3X variants, including 30 postnatal individuals with complex clinical presentations of developmental delay or ID, and one fetus with abnormal ultrasound findings. Rare or novel phenotypes observed include respiratory problems, congenital heart disease, skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA depletion, and late‐onset neurologic decline. Our findings expand the spectrum of DNA variants and phenotypes associated with DDX3X disorders.
The influence of mindfulness on young adolescents' eyewitness memory and suggestibility
Authors: Qi Hongyuan , Zhang Huan Huan , Hanceroglu Lerna , Caggianiello Julia , Roberts Kim P.
Published: September 2018

Recent research has linked mindfulness to adults' false memory formation. This study investigated the effects of mindfulness on adolescents' event memory and suggestibility by using an “extensive” 8‐week mindfulness program, an active control group, and a participatory to‐be‐remembered event. Students aged 13 to 14 were randomly assigned to a mindfulness or active control condition (socioemotional learning). After the seventh week, students participated in a target event and were immediately interviewed during which misleading information was presented. A week later, those in the mindfulness condition incorrectly reported more false information compared with those in the control group. Mindful practice did not affect memory encoding but had a negative effect during retention and retrieval. These findings suggest that adolescents who are exposed to mindfulness exercises may be susceptible to memory intrusions. Professionals should therefore be especially careful to avoid using suggestive and leading questions during investigative interviews with mindful adolescents.
Modular Antigen‐Specific T‐cell Biofactories for Calibrated In Vivo Synthesis of Engineered Proteins
Authors: Repellin Claire E. , Patel Puja , Beviglia Lucia , Javitz Harold , Sambucetti Lidia , Bhatnagar Parijat
Published: September 2018

An artificial cell‐signaling pathway is developed that capitalizes on the T‐cell's innate extravasation ability and transforms it into a vector (T‐cell Biofactory) for synthesizing calibrated amounts of engineered proteins in vivo. The modularity of this pathway enables reprogramming of the T‐cell Biofactory to target biomarkers on different disease cells, e.g. cancer, viral infections, autoimmune disorders. It can be expected that the T‐cell Biofactory leads to a “living drug” that extravasates to the disease sites, assesses the disease burden, synthesizes the calibrated amount of engineered therapeutic proteins upon stimulation by the diseased cells, and reduces targeting of normal cells.
Recent Progress in Rechargeable Potassium Batteries
Authors: Hwang Jang‐Yeon , Myung Seung‐Taek , Sun Yang‐Kook
Published: September 2018

The topic of sustainable and eco‐friendly energy storage technologies is an issue of global significance. To date, this heavy burden is solely addressed by lithium‐ion battery technology. However, the ongoing depletion of limited global lithium resources has restricted their future availability for Li‐ion battery technology, and hence, a significant price increase is expected. This grim situation is the driving force for the development of the “beyond Li‐ion battery” strategy involving alternatives that have several advantages over conventional Li‐ion batteries in terms of cost, durability, safety, and sustainability. Potassium, the closest neighboring alkali element after sodium, offers some unique advantages over lithium and sodium as a charge carrier in rechargeable batteries. Potassium intercalation chemistry in potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) is successfully demonstrated to be compatible with Li‐ion batteries and sodium‐ion batteries. In addition to KIBs, potassium–sulfur and potassium–oxygen batteries have emerged as new energy‐storage systems due to their low costs and high specific energy densities. This review covers the key technological developments and scientific challenges for a broad range of rechargeable potassium batteries, while also providing valuable insight into the scientific and practical issues concerning the development of potassium‐based rechargeable batteries.
Anchor Groups for Graphene‐Porphyrin Single‐Molecule Transistors
Authors: Limburg Bart , Thomas James O. , Holloway Gregory , Sadeghi Hatef , Sangtarash Sara , Hou Ian Cheng‐Yi , Cremers Jonathan , Narita Akimitsu , Müllen Klaus , Lambert Colin J. , Briggs G. Andrew D. , Mol Jan A. , Anderson Harry L.
Published: September 2018

The effectiveness of five different anchor groups for non‐covalent interfacing to graphene electrodes are compared. A family of six molecules is tested in single‐molecule junctions: five consist of the same porphyrin core with different anchor groups, and the sixth is a reference molecule without anchor groups. The junction formation probability (JFP) has a strong dependence on the anchor group. Larger anchors give higher binding energies to the graphene surface, correlating with higher JFPs. The best anchor groups tested are 1,3,8‐tridodecyloxypyrene and 2,5,8,11,14‐pentadodecylhexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene, with JFPs of 36% and 38%, respectively. Many junctions are tested at 77 K for each molecule by measuring source‐drain current as a function of bias and gate voltages. For each compound, there is wide variation in the strength of the electronic coupling to the electrodes and in the location of Coulomb peaks. In most cases, this device‐to‐device variability makes it impossible to observe trends between the anchor and the charge‐transport characteristics. Tetrabenzofluorene anchors, which are not π‐conjugated with the porphyrin, exhibit different charge transport behavior to the other anchors tested, and they show multiple Coulomb peaks with characteristically small molecular electron‐addition energies of 0.3–0.7 eV, whereas the other compounds give single Coulomb peaks.
Boosting Photovoltaic Output of Ferroelectric Ceramics by Optoelectric Control of Domains
Authors: Bai Yang , Vats Gaurav , Seidel Jan , Jantunen Heli , Juuti Jari
Published: September 2018

Photo‐ferroelectric single crystals and highly oriented thin‐films have been extensively researched recently, with increasing photovoltaic energy conversion efficiency (from 0.5% up to 8.1%) achieved. Rare attention has been paid to polycrystalline ceramics, potentially due to their negligible efficiency. However, ceramics offer simple and cost‐effective fabrication routes and stable performance compared to single crystals and thin‐films. Therefore, a significantly increased efficiency of photo‐ferroelectric ceramics contributes toward widened application areas for photo‐ferroelectrics, e.g., multisource energy harvesting. Here, all‐optical domain control under illumination, visible‐range light‐tunable photodiode/transistor phenomena and optoelectrically tunable photovoltaic properties are demonstrated, using a recently discovered photo‐ferroelectric ceramic (K0.49Na0.49Ba0.02)(Nb0.99Ni0.01)O2.995. For this monolithic material, tuning of the electric conductivity independent of the ferroelectricity is achieved, which previously could only be achieved in organic phase‐separate blends. Guided by these discoveries, a boost of five orders of magnitude in the photovoltaic output power and energy conversion efficiency is achieved via optical and electrical control of ferroelectric domains in an energy‐harvesting circuit. These results provide a potentially supplementary approach and knowledge for other photo‐ferroelectrics to further boost their efficiency for energy‐efficient circuitry designs and enable the development of a wide range of optoelectronic devices.
Impact of 2‐Ethylhexyl Stereoisomers on the Electrical Performance of Single‐Crystal Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: He Tao , Leowanawat Pawaret , Burschka Christian , Stepanenko Vladimir , Stolte Matthias , Würthner Frank
Published: September 2018

Many organic semiconductors (OSCs) inherit chiral alkyl chains, which ensure the desirable high solubility for solution‐processing but may also lead to disorder, inhomogeneous film‐formation, as well as interfacial defects due to the presence of mixtures of stereoisomers or diastereomers, which impair their peak performance. Here, single‐crystal field‐effect transistors (SCFETs) of a diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based organic semiconductor with chiral 2‐ethylhexyl substituents by sublimation in air and organic ribbon mask method are fabricated. Devices of the mesomer (R/S), both enantiomers (R/R, S/S), as well as mixtures of these three stereoisomers measured under ambient conditions exhibit all appreciable p‐channel charge carrier mobilities of > 0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1 despite different packing arrangement in the R/S, R/R (or S/S), and racemate crystal structures. These results suggest a surprising tolerance for isomeric impurities. The highest literature‐reported p‐channel mobility so far for a diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based OSC of 3.4 cm2 V−1 s−1 (Ion/Ioff of 1 × 106) is, however, only obtained for the pure R/S mesomer, illustrating the inherent potential of stereochemical purity. These results on SCFETs are further substantiated by studies on organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) of pure and mixed thin films of the different stereoisomers.
Lead‐Free Highly Efficient Blue‐Emitting Cs3Cu2I5 with 0D Electronic Structure
Authors: Jun Taehwan , Sim Kihyung , Iimura Soshi , Sasase Masato , Kamioka Hayato , Kim Junghwan , Hosono Hideo
Published: September 2018

Halide perovskites, including CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I), have gained much attention in the field of optoelectronics. However, the toxicity of Pb and the low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of these perovskites hamper their use. In this work, new halide materials that meet the requirements of: (i) nontoxicity, (ii) high PLQY, and (iii) ease of fabrication of thin films via the solution process are explored. In particular, copper(I) halide compounds with low‐dimensional electronic structures are considered. Cs3Cu2I5 has a 0D photoactive site and exhibits blue emission (≈445 nm) with very high PLQYs of ≈90 and ≈60% for single crystals and thin films, respectively. The large exciton binding energy of ≈490 meV explains well the 0D electronic nature of Cs3Cu2I5. Blue electroluminescence of Pb‐free halides is demonstrated using solution‐derived Cs3Cu2I5 thin films.
Chemical Vapor Deposition Grown Wafer‐Scale 2D Tantalum Diselenide with Robust Charge‐Density‐Wave Order
Authors: Shi Jianping , Chen Xuexian , Zhao Liyun , Gong Yue , Hong Min , Huan Yahuan , Zhang Zhepeng , Yang Pengfei , Li Yong , Zhang Qinghua , Zhang Qing , Gu Lin , Chen Huanjun , Wang Jian , Deng Shaozhi , Xu Ningsheng , Zhang Yanfeng
Published: September 2018

2D metallic transition metal dichalcogenides (MTMDCs) are benchmark systems for uncovering the dimensionality effect on fascinating quantum physics, such as charge‐density‐wave (CDW) order, unconventional superconductivity, and magnetism, etc. However, the scalable and thickness‐tunable syntheses of such envisioned MTMDCs are still challenging. Meanwhile, the origin of CDW order at the 2D limit is controversial. Herein, the direct synthesis of wafer‐scale uniform monolayer 2H‐TaSe2 films and thickness‐tunable flakes on Au foils by chemical vapor deposition is accomplished. Based on the thickness‐tunable 2H‐TaSe2, the robust periodic lattice distortions that relate to CDW orders by low‐temperature transmission electron microscopy are directly visualized. Particularly, a phase diagram of the transition temperature from normal metallic to CDW phases with thickness by variable‐temperature Raman characterizations is established. Intriguingly, dramatically enhanced transition temperature from bulk value ≈90 to ≈125 K is observed from monolayer 2H‐TaSe2, which can be explained by the enhanced electron–phonon coupling mechanism. More importantly, an ultrahigh specific capacitance is also obtained for the as‐grown TaSe2 on carbon cloth as supercapacitor electrodes. The results hereby open up novel avenues toward the large‐scale preparation of high‐quality MTMDCs, and shed light on their applications in exploring some fundamental issues.
Bidirectional Transformation Enables Hierarchical Nanolaminate Dual‐Phase High‐Entropy Alloys
Authors: Lu Wenjun , Liebscher Christian H. , Dehm Gerhard , Raabe Dierk , Li Zhiming
Published: September 2018

Microstructural length‐scale refinement is among the most efficient approaches to strengthen metallic materials. Conventional methods for refining microstructures generally involve grain size reduction via heavy cold working, compromising the material's ductility. Here, a fundamentally new approach that allows load‐driven formation and permanent refinement of a hierarchical nanolaminate structure in a novel high‐entropy alloy containing multiple principal elements is reported. This is achieved by triggering both, dynamic forward transformation from a faced‐centered‐cubic γ matrix into a hexagonal‐close‐packed ε nanolaminate structure and the dynamic reverse transformation from ε into γ. This new mechanism is referred to as the “bidirectional transformation induced plasticity” (B‐TRIP) effect, which is enabled through a near‐zero yet positive stacking fault energy of γ. Modulation of directionality in the transformation is triggered by local dissipative heating and local micromechanical fields. The simple thermodynamic and kinetic foundations for the B‐TRIP effect render this approach generally suited for designing metastable strong and ductile bulk materials with hierarchical nanolaminate substructures.
Reduction of Amides to Amines under Mild Conditions via Catalytic Hydrogenation of Amide Acetals and Imidates
Authors: Kadyrov Renat
Published: September 2018

A simple and general protocol was developed for selective conversion of amides into amines. Amides were converted into amide acetals and imido esters by O‐alkylation and then hydrogenated without isolation into amines under very mild reaction conditions over standard hydrogenation catalysts. Triethyloxonium tertafluoroborate, methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, dimethyl sulfate and ethyl chloroformate were validated as alkylating agent. The synthetic utility of this approach was demonstrated by the selective carbonyl reduction of peptide groups. Carbonyl reduction of peptide group proceeds chemoselective without racemization of the neighboring chiral center.

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TiS2 as an Advanced Conversion Electrode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Ultra‐High Capacity and Long‐Cycle Life
Authors: Tao Hongwei , Zhou Min , Wang Ruxing , Wang Kangli , Cheng Shijie , Jiang Kai
Published: September 2018

Titanium disulfide (TiS2) is investigated as an advanced conversion electrode for sodium (Na)‐ion batteries (NIB) in an ether‐based electrolyte (NaPF6/glyme (DME)). The as‐prepared TiS2 demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 1040 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 with the capacity contribution of 521 mA h g−1 in the voltage region below 1.0 V (vs Na/Na+), remarkable initial coulombic efficiency of 95.9% and superior rate capability of 621 mA h g−1 at 40 A g−1. The high conductivity of the Ti‐based compounds and nanosized particles generated by chemical conversion reactions could minimize the entropic barrier for the reversible conversion, resulting in high reversibility and ultrafast charge/discharge ability of the electrode. Moreover, with its strong ability to adsorb soluble polysulfide intermediates, the as‐prepared TiS2 electrode exhibits superior cycling stability over 9000 cycles, serving as a stable and ultra‐high capacity conversion electrode for NIBs.
A Universal Double‐Side Passivation for High Open‐Circuit Voltage in Perovskite Solar Cells: Role of Carbonyl Groups in Poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Peng Jun , Khan Jafar I. , Liu Wenzhu , Ugur Esma , Duong The , Wu Yiliang , Shen Heping , Wang Kai , Dang Hoang , Aydin Erkan , Yang Xinbo , Wan Yimao , Weber Klaus J. , Catchpole Kylie R. , Laquai Frédéric , De Wolf Stefaan , White Thomas P.
Published: September 2018

The performance of state‐of‐the‐art perovskite solar cells is currently limited by defect‐induced recombination at interfaces between the perovskite and the electron and hole transport layers. These defects, most likely undercoordinated Pb and halide ions, must either be removed or passivated if cell efficiencies are to approach their theoretical limit. In this work, a universal double‐side polymer passivation approach is introduced using ultrathin poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films. Very high‐efficiency (≈20.8%) perovskite cells with some of the highest open circuit voltages (1.22 V) reported for the same 1.6 eV bandgap are demonstrated. Photoluminescence imaging and transient spectroscopic measurements confirm a significant reduction in nonradiative recombination in the passivated cells, consistent with the voltage increase. Analysis of the molecular interactions between perovskite and PMMA reveals that the carbonyl (CO) groups on the PMMA are responsible for the excellent passivation via Lewis‐base electronic passivation of Pb2+ ions. This work provides new insights and a compelling explanation of how PMMA passivation works, and suggests future directions for developing improved passivation layers.
Origin of Degradation in Si‐Based All‐Solid‐State Li‐Ion Microbatteries
Authors: Chen Chunguang , Oudenhoven Jos F. M. , Danilov Dmitri L. , Vezhlev Egor , Gao Lu , Li Na , Mulder Fokko M. , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. , Notten Peter H. L.
Published: September 2018

Like all rechargeable battery systems, conventional Li‐ion batteries (LIB) inevitably suffer from capacity losses during operation. This also holds for all‐solid‐state LIB. In this contribution an in operando neutron depth profiling method is developed to investigate the degradation mechanism of all‐solid‐state, thin film Si–Li3PO4–LiCoO2batteries. Important aspects of the long‐term degradation mechanisms are elucidated. It is found that the capacity losses in these thin film batteries are mainly related to lithium immobilization in the solid‐state electrolyte, starting to grow at the anode/electrolyte interface during initial charging. The Li‐immobilization layer in the electrolyte is induced by silicon penetration from the anode into the solid‐state electrolyte and continues to grow at a lower rate during subsequent cycling. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling and transmission electron microscopy analyses confirm the formation of such immobilization layer, which favorably functions as an ionic conductor for lithium ions. As a result of the immobilization process, the amount of free moveable lithium ions is reduced, leading to the pronounced storage capacity decay. Insights gained from this research shed interesting light on the degradation mechanisms of thin film, all‐solid‐state LIB and facilitate potential interfacial modifications which finally will lead to substantially improved battery performance.
Elucidating the Catalytic Activity of Oxygen Deficiency in the Polysulfide Conversion Reactions of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Lin Haibin , Zhang Shengliang , Zhang Tianran , Ye Hualin , Yao Qiaofeng , Zheng Guangyuan Wesley , Lee Jim Yang
Published: September 2018

The accelerated conversion of soluble lithium polysulfides (the intermediate products in the charging and discharging of lithium–sulfur batteries) to insoluble sulfur and lithium sulfide is an effective method to suppress the “polysulfide shuttle” that is detrimental to the battery performance. The results of this study show that oxygen‐deficient tungsten oxide (WO3−x) nanoplate is an effective bidirectional electrocatalyst for the polysulfide conversion reactions. Two different designs of asymmetric cells are used to elucidate the catalysis of the polysulfide conversion reactions and to confirm the role of oxygen deficiency on the conversion kinetics. The fast polysulfide conversion prevents the accumulation of polysulfides in the sulfur cathode and their ensuing loss to the electrolyte. Consequently, a sulfur cathode with WO3−x nanoplates is able to improve the cycle stability from a fade rate of 0.49% per cycle (over 100 cycles) to 0.13% per cycle (over 300 cycles) at the 0.5 C rate. In addition, the WO3−x nanoplates also improve the high rate performance of the sulfur cathode (at the 4 C rate) from a capacity of 444.1 to 693.2 mAh g−1. The results of this study provide the first direct experimental proof of the beneficial effects of oxygen deficiency in polysulfide conversion reactions.
Self‐Assembled Binary Organic Granules with Multiple Lithium Uptake Mechanisms toward High‐Energy Flexible Lithium‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Hu Zhongli , Sayed Shah , Jiang Tao , Zhu Xingyu , Lu Chen , Wang Gulian , Sun Jingyu , Rashid Arif , Yan Chenglin , Zhang Li , Liu Zhongfan
Published: September 2018

Lithium‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (Li‐HSCs), by virtue of synergizing the merits of batteries and supercapacitors, have attracted considerable attention for high‐energy/‐power energy storage applications. Inorganic transition‐metal compounds with pseudocapacitive characteristics have been widely investigated as promising anodes for use in advanced Li‐HSCs. Nevertheless, the concept of using eco‐friendly and naturally abundant organic compounds as anodes for Li‐HSCs has rarely been realized so far, due to their inferior electrical and ionic conductivity and low capacitive activity. Herein, an innovative self‐assembly strategy to synthesize uniform binary organic granules as high‐capacitive and durable anodes for the construction of high‐energy flexible Li‐HSCs is reported. The unique architecture of maleic acid@polyvinylidene fluoride (MA@PVDF) granules consisting of ultrafine MA nanocrystals within a PVDF network offers multiple lithium storage mechanisms including two‐electron lithiation/delithiation, Li+‐ion intercalation/deintercalation within the MA (020) planes, and Li+‐ion adsorption/desorption at the MA nanocrystals/electrolyte interface. The as‐constructed 4.3 V Li‐HSC full cell comprising a MA@PVDF anode and an activated carbon cathode delivers high energy/power densities (158.4 Wh kg−1/107.5 W kg−1 and 70.9 Wh kg−1/10750 W kg−1), outperforming those of organic anode–based Li/Na‐HSCs and the state‐of‐the‐art inorganic hybrid capacitors. The deriving prototype flexible Li‐HSC devices manifest exceptional energy output under various deformed conditions and bent–release cycling.
Run‐to‐run control of PECVD systems: Application to a multiscale three‐dimensional CFD model of silicon thin film deposition
Authors: Crose Marquis , Zhang Weiqi , Tran Anh , Christofides Panagiotis D.
Published: September 2018

Deposition of amorphous silicon thin films via plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and batch‐to‐batch operation under run‐to‐run control of the associated chambered reactor are presented in this work using a recently developed multiscale, three‐dimensional in space, computational fluid dynamics model. Macroscopic reactor scale behaviors are linked to the microscopic growth of amorphous silicon thin films using a dynamic boundary which is updated at each time step of the transient in‐batch simulations. This novel workflow is distributed across 64 parallel computation nodes in order to reduce the significant computational demands of batch‐to‐batch operation and to allow for the application and evaluation in both radial and azimuthal directions across the wafer of a benchmark, run‐to‐run based control strategy. Using 10 successive batch deposition cycles, the exponentially weighted moving average algorithm, an industrial standard, is demonstrated to drive all wafer regions to within 1% of the desired thickness set‐point in both radial and azimuthal directions across the wafer surface. This is the first demonstration of run‐to‐run control in reducing azimuthal film nonuniformity. Additionally, thin film uniformity is shown to be improved for poorly optimized PECVD geometries by manipulating the substrate temperature alone, without the need for re‐tooling of the equipment. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: e16400 2019
Similarities and differences in intrapopulation trait correlations of co‐occurring tree species: consistent water‐use relationships amid widely different correlation patterns
Authors: Messier Julie , Violle Cyrille , Enquist Brian J. , Lechowicz Martin J. , McGill Brian J.
Published: September 2018

Premise of the Study

General relationships among functional traits have been identified across species, but the forces shaping these relationships remain largely unknown. Adopting an approach from evolutionary biology, we studied similarities and differences in intrapopulation trait correlations among locally co‐occurring tree species to assess the roles of constraints, phylogeny, and the environmental niche in shaping multivariate phenotypes. We tested the hypotheses (1) that intrapopulation correlations among functional traits are largely shaped by fundamental trade‐offs or constraints and (2) that differences among species reflect adaptation to their environmental niches.

Methods

We compared pairwise correlations and correlation matrices of 17 key functional traits within and among temperate tree species. These traits describe three well‐established trade‐off dimensions characterizing interspecific relationships among physiological functions: resource acquisition and conservation; sap transport and mechanical support; and branch architecture.

Key Results

Six trait pairs are consistently correlated within populations. Of these, only one involves dimensionally independent traits:LMA‐δ13C. For all other traits, intrapopulation functional trait correlations are weak, are species‐specific, and differ from interspecific correlations. Species intrapopulation correlation matrices are related to neither phylogeny nor environmental niche.

Conclusions

The results (1) suggest that the functional design of these species is centered on efficient water use, (2) highlight flexibility in plant functional design across species, and (3) suggest that intrapopulation, local interspecific, and global interspecific correlations are shaped by processes acting at each of these scales.
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation following relapse post autologous stem cell transplantation in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia: A retrospective analysis of 537 patients from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the EBMT
Authors: Christopeit Maximilian , Labopin Myriam , Gorin Norbert‐Claude , Saraceni Francesco , Passweg Jakob , Forcade Edouard , Maertens Johan , Van Lint Maria Teresa , Bosi Alberto , Niederwieser Dietger , Ehninger Gerhard , Polge Emmanuelle , Mohty Mohamad , Nagler Arnon
Published: September 2018

Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who relapse after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) can be rescued by allogeneic SCT. We identified 537 adult patients with AML allografted in second complete remission (CR2) or first relapse after ASCT in the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) registry. At 3 years post allograft, leukemia free survival (LFS) was 31.4% [95%CI 27.3‐35.6], overall survival (OS) 39.5% [95%CI 35.1‐43.9], relapse incidence (RI) 34.6% [95%CI 30.4‐38.8], and nonrelapse mortality (NRM) 33.7% [95%CI 29.6‐37.9]. RI was higher in patients transplanted in relapse in comparison to those transplanted in CR2 (HR 1.76,P= .004) and in patients who relapsed later after ASCT (HR 0.97 per month,P< 10−3), both translating into better LFS/ OS. Relapse was also lower in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) from an unrelated donor (UD) in comparison to those transplanted from a matched sibling donor (MSD) (HR 0.49,P< 10−3). NRM was increased in patients who received total body irradiation (TBI) pre‐ASCT (HR 2.43;P< 10‐4), translating into worse LFS/OS. LFS/OS did not differ between patients allotransplanted with reduced intensity (RIC) or myeloablative (MAC) conditioning. In conclusion, one third of adult patients with AML relapsing post ASCT can be rescued with allo‐HSCT, with better LFS/OS in patients who relapsed later post ASCT, those transplanted in CR2 and those who had not received TBI pre‐ASCT.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Multicomponent Reactions, Organometallic and Organochalcogen Chemistry
Authors: Penteado Filipe , Monti Bonifacio , Sancineto Luca , Perin Gelson , Jacob Raquel G. , Santi Claudio , Lenardão Eder J.
Published: September 2018

In the last two decades, the search for sustainability in chemical reactions has attached a lot of attention. In this focus review, the use of ultrasound (US) as an alternative energy source in organic synthesis is presented. The improvement of the performance of chemical reactions due to the cavitation effect has been previously studied and described. The use of US guarantees often higher yields than other green methodologies, as microwave or ball milling. The impressive positive effect of US in organic synthesis are demonstrated in this review mainly in organometallic and multi‐component reactions (MCRs), aimed to prepare bioactive compounds. A particular attention is dedicated to the US‐assisted synthesis of valuable organochalcogen compounds with pharmacological activity.
Tandem Regioselective Hydroformylation‐Hydrogenation of Internal Alkynes Using a Supramolecular Catalyst
Authors: Fang Weiwei , Breit Bernhard
Published: September 2018

New supramolecular ligands containing an acyl guanidine function were designed based on the strategy of increasing the π‐acceptor ability of phosphine ligands by introducing electron‐withdrawing groups. By applying this novel catalytic system, a general protocol for the Rh‐catalysed hydroformylation‐hydrogenation of unsymmetrical internal alkynes, functionalized with a carboxylic acid, was found to furnish aliphatic aldehydes in high regio‐ and chemoselectivities. Control experiments confirm the enzyme‐like supramolecular catalyst mode of action.
Chemotaktische Mikro‐ und Nanomaschinen
Authors: Plutnar Jan , Pumera Martin
Published: September 2018

Die Herstellung von autonomen chemotaktischen Mikro‐ und Nanomaschinen stellt eine der schwierigsten Herausforderungen der modernen Materialwissenschaften dar. Das Konstruieren einer Funktionseinheit, die das Verhalten von Mikroorganismen nachahmt, die ihre chemotaktischen Eigenschaften über Jahrtausende der Evolution erworben haben, stellt hohe Ansprüche an die Vorstellungskraft und die Fähigkeiten von Forschern. Trotz allem konnten mit den aktuell verfügbaren chemotaktischen Funktionseinheiten viele neuartige und interessante Anwendungen von Mikromaschinen implementiert werden. Die Einführung einer autonomen Navigation, die von einer externen Steuerung durch elektrische, magnetische oder elektromagnetische Felder unabhängig ist, ist zentral entscheidend für Anwendungen in der Umweltsanierung und könnte Vorteile für medizinische Anwendungen bringen. Dieser Kurzaufsatz fasst die Entwicklung im Gebiet der chemotaktischen Mikro‐ und Nanomaschinen zusammen, beschreibt die aktuellen Trends der Herstellungsverfahren und vergleicht die unterschiedlichen Konstruktionsansätze mit Blick auf mögliche Anwendungen.
Proximity Ligation‐Based Fluorogenic Imaging Agents for Neuraminidases
Authors: Gao Zhizeng , Thompson Andrew J. , Paulson James C. , Withers Stephen G.
Published: September 2018

Reagents to visualize and localize neuraminidase activity would be valuable probes to study the role of neuraminidases in normal cellular processes as well as during viral infections or cancer development. Herein, a new class of neuraminidase‐imaging probes that function as proximity ligation reagents by releasing a highly reactive fluorophore that tags nearby cellular material is described. It is further demonstrated that it is possible to create an influenza virus‐specific reagent, which can specifically detect influenza virus infections in mammalian cells. These reagents have potential use as specific histological probes independent of viral antigenicity and, therefore, offer some advantages over commonly used anti‐neuraminidase antibodies.
Dynamic Migration of Surface Fluorine Anions on Cobalt‐Based Materials to Achieve Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Chen Pengzuo , Zhou Tianpei , Wang Sibo , Zhang Nan , Tong Yun , Ju Huanxin , Chu Wangsheng , Wu Changzheng , Xie Yi
Published: September 2018

Fluorine‐anion surface engineering has now been used to activate catalytic active species, representing a completely new way of reconstruction toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) active species. The electronegativity of the fluorine anion is the strongest so that it will be much easier to form weak metal–fluorine bonds with stronger ionicity, contributing to the dynamic migration of fluorine anions and finally enriching on the surface of both cobalt‐based oxide/oxyhydroxide. Surface enrichment of fluorine anions endows more hydrophilic surface character for accelerating the key process of oxygen‐related intermediate adsorption. Combining with an obviously improved electron transfer capacity, the F‐CoOOH/NF catalyst exhibits a greatly enhanced OER activity (270 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and reaction kinetics (54 mV dec−1) in alkaline medium. Surface anion engineering introduces a new concept for rational design advanced OER catalysts for energy conversion system.