bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGELOLAAN DAN KEPEMILIKAN “TANAH KOTI” PERSPEKTIF HUKUM POSITIF DAN HUKUM ISLAM (Studi Kasus Kelurahan Tancung Kecamatan Tanasitolo Kabupaten Wajo)
Authors: Ramadhan Andi , Izzah Ibnu
Published: April 2022

AbstrakSeiring dengan perkembangan zaman, pengelolaan tanah koti’ di Kelurahan Tancung Tanasitolo Kabupaten Wajo menyimpan sejumlah masalah.  Diantara permasalahan itu adalah belum selesainya isu pengakuan atas status kepemilikan tanah yang berpotensi menimbulkan konflik di tengah masyarakat. Penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada pengelolaan dan kepemilikan tanah koti ditinjau dari perspektif hukum positif dan hukum Islam.  Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) yang bersifat kualitatif dengan lokasi penelitian di Kelurahan Tancung Kecamatan Tanasitolo Kabupaten Wajo.   Penelitian ini mendapati bahwa status kepemilikan tanah koti’ di Kelurahan Tancung diklasifikasikan sebagai tanah negara yang didasarkan pada proses terjadinya tanah tersebut. Masyarakat hanya berkedudukan sebagai pengelola lahan saja. Saat ini, tanah koti’ tersebut telah berada dibawah penguasaan masyarakat yang telah mengelolanya dalam jangka waktu lama dan telah memiliki surat PBB-P2. Sedangkan masyarakat yang memiliki Surat Letter C dapat mengajukannya permohonan Serifikat Hak Milik atas kepemilikan tanah tersebut. Pengelolan dan kepemilikan tanah koti dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode iqtha isthigal berupa pemberian tanah oleh pemerintah kepada rakyat yang berhak agar lahan tersebut tidak menjadi lahan mati dan berguna untuk memajukan lahan mensejahterakan masyarakat.Kata Kunci: Kepemilikan Tanah, Tanah Koti’, Hukum Positif, Hukum Islam.AbstractAlong with the times, the management of koti land in Tancung Tanah Sitolo, Wajo District, has a number of problems. Among the problems is the issue of recognition of land ownership status which has the potential to cause conflict in the community. This research focuses on the management and ownership of koti land from the perspective of positive law and Islamic law. This research is a qualitative field research with the research location in Tancung, Tanah Sitolo, Wajo District. This study found that the status of koti 'land ownership in Tancung Village is classified as state land based on the process of the land being created. The community is only the manager of the land. Currently, the koti 'land has been under the control of the community who has managed it for a long time and already has a PBB-P2 letter. Meanwhile, people who have a Letter C can apply for a Certificate of Ownership on the ownership of the land. The management and ownership of koti land is carried out using the iqtha isthigal method in the form of giving land by the government to the people who have the right so that the land does not become dead land and is useful for advancing the land for the welfare of the community.Keywords: Land Ownership, Koti 'Land, Positive Law, Islamic Law.
EFEKTIVITAS PELAKSANAAN MEDIASI DALAM PERKARA GUGATAN CERAI PASCA BERLAKU PERMA NO. 1 TAHUN 2016 DI PENGADILAN AGAMA MAKASSAR KELAS IA
Authors: Putra Anindito Muhammad Alifyudha , Safriani Andi
Published: April 2022

AbstrakSkripsi membahas mengenai seberapa efektif pelaksanaan mediasi dalam perkara gugatan cerai dalam menerapkan PERMA No 01 Tahun 2016 di Pengadilan Agama Makassar, Adapun menjadi submasalah dalam penelitian ini, yaitu : A) Bagaimana efektifitas penerapan PERMA No 01 TAHUN 2016 dalam menyelesaikan gugatan cerai di Pengadilan Agama Makassar? B) Bagaimana faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam pelaksanaan Mediasi di Pengadilan Agama Makassar?Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode (field deskriftif kualitatif) atau penelitian lapangan. Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah pendekatan sosiologis (sosiological approach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach), dengan memperhatikan kasus yang diselesaikan proses mediasi pasca perma No 01 Tahun 2016 di Pengadilan Agama Makassar Kelas I A, adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini Wawancara, Observasi, dan Dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian memberikan kesimpulan bahwa efektifitas penerapan  pelaksanaan mediasi dalam perkara gugatan cerai pasca berlaku PERMA No 01 Tahun 2016 di pengadilan sudah efektif, dengan mengunakan teori efektivitas hukum yang dikemukakan oleh Soerjono Soekanto dengan 5 lima faktor tersebut, yaitu. subtansi hukum, structural hukum,fasilitas dan sarana, dan kepatutan/itikad baik masyarkat, kebudayaan, Adapun faktor pendukung mediasi yaitu faktor sarana dan Fasilitas yang memadai dalam proses mediasi, iktikad baik para pihak, faktor sosiologis dan fisiologis dan juga faktor penghambat mediasi yaitu komplesitas perkara dan keinginan kuat para pihak untuk bercerai serta peran dan fungsi mediator yang kurang optimal.Kata Kunci: Efektivitas, Mediasi, Perceraian
BIODEGRADASI PLASTIK LDPE OLEH Aspergillus niger DAN Pleurotus sp.
Authors: Suharpina Suharpina , Aziz Isna Rasdianah , Sugiharto Arwan
Published: April 2022

Pencemaran lingkungan oleh sampah plastik masih menjadi isu yang tidak berkesudahan karena mengakibatkan biota laut tercemar dan kontaminasi dalam tanah. Penanganan mengenai sampah plastik yang efektif dan efisien dalam berbagai aspek, salah satunya dalam aspek biologis sangat diperlukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kemampuan mikroorganisme kapang Aspergillus niger dan jamur Pleurotus sp. dalam mendegradasi plastik LDPE (low density polyethylene). Kultur A. niger dan Pleurotus sp. diinokulasi ke dalam tabung reaksi menggunakan jarum ose. Setelah jamur tumbuh, diinokulasi kembali ke dalam erlenmeyer yang berisikan media molase sebanyak 20 ml. Sampel yang digunakan merupakan plastik jenis LDPE dengan massa per perlakuan sebesar 1 gram dengan ukuran 1×1 cm yang dimasukkan ke labu erlenmeyer berisi molase dan isolat jamur yang telah dikultur sebelumnya. Massa plastik diamati setiap minggu bersamaan dengan perhitungan populasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan massa plastik yang paling optimal terjadi pada isolat A. niger, dengan persentase penurunan mulai dari minggu kedua sebesar 0,95% dari total penurunan hingga 1,93% di minggu ketiga. Sementara pada isolat Pleurotus sp. mengalami penurunan yang konstan pada minggu pertama hingga kedua, dan penurunan massa plastik terjadi secara drastis di minggu ke tiga dan ke empat dengan persentase penurunan sebesar 1,05% dengan nilai tertinggi 2,23% pada minggu ke empat. A. niger dan Pleurotus sp. mempengaruhi penurunan persentase turunnya degradasi plastik LDPE, masing-masing sebesar 4.41% dan 2.23%.
Budaya Saprahan Melayu Sambas: Asal Usul, Prosesi, Properti dan Pendidikan Akhlak
Authors: Wahab Wahab , Erwin Erwin , Purwanti Nopi
Published: April 2022

Sambas inherited a rich cultural treasure which is one of the richest in West Kalimantan. One such legacy is the Saprahan tradition. This article aims to reveal the origin, property, procession, and moral education contained in this tradition. This paper uses literature review and interviews as support. The data analysis technique uses content analysis. This study concludes that the saparah tradition has been detected since the days of the Sambas kingdom turning into Islamic power, the properties and processions of saprahan symbolizing the value of religious teachings in the form of the pillars of Islamic teachings. Meanwhile, the moral education contained in it is mutual cooperation (ta'awun), respect for guests (ikram dhuyuf), and togetherness (ma'iyah).

Sambas mewarisi kekayaan khazanah budaya yang merupakan salah satu terkaya di Kalimantan Barat. Salah satu peninggalan tersebut adalah tradisi Saprahan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap asal usul, properti, prosesi, dan pendidikan akhlak yang terdapat dalam tradisi ini. Tulisan ini menggunakan kajian pustaka dan wawancara sebagai pendukung. Teknik analisis datanya menggunakan content analysis. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tradisi saparah dideteksi telah ada sejak zaman kerajaan Sambas beralih menjadi kuasa Islam, properti dan prosesi saprahan melambangkan nilai ajaran agama berupa pilar- pilar ajaran Islam. Sedangkan, pendidikan akhlak yang terkandung di dalamnya adalah gotong royong (ta’awun), menghormati tamu (ikram dhuyuf), dan kebersamaan (ma’iyah).
Pengelolaan dan Pengalokasian Dana Pendidikan di Lembaga Pendidikan
Authors: Mujayaroh Mujayaroh , Rohmat Rohmat
Published: April 2022

To ensure the learning process takes place, financing management is needed which is used as a reference in managing and allocating education funds. Sources of funds originating from the central, regional and community sources of funds must be used effectively in order to achieve educational goals. Education funds must be accountable for their use in accordance with the priority scale needed for the sustainability of the quality of education which correlates with the cost of education. It is hoped that proper management and allocation of education funds will be able to address the need for funds which are a prerequisite for a quality learning process.

Untuk menjamin berlangsungnya proses pembelajaran dibutuhkan manajemen pembiayaan yang digunakan sebagai acuan dalam mengelola dan mengalokasikan dana pendidikan. Sumber sumber dana yang berasal dari pemerintah pusat, daerah maupun sumber dana yang berasal dari masyarakat harus dapat dipergunakan secara efektif dalam rangka mencapai tujuan pendidikan. Dana pendidikan harus dapat dipertanggung jawabkan penggunaannya sesaui dengan skala prioritas yang dibutuhkan untuk keberlangsungan mutu pendidikan yang berkolerasi dengan biaya pendidikan. Pengelolaan dan pengalokasian dana pendidikan yang tepat diharapakan mampu untuk mengatasi kebutuhan dana yang menjadi syarat berlangsungnya proses pembelajaran yang berkualitas.
Peran Komite Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Manajemen Aset di SMK Ma'arif 9 Kebumen
Authors: Aziz Abdul
Published: April 2022

SMK Ma’arif 9 Kebumen sebagai salah satu sekolah menengah kejuruan yang disiplin dalam pengembangan kualitas dan kuantitas pendidikan juga tidak lepas dalam pengelolaan aset. SMK yang berpayung hukum di Lembaga Pendidikan Ma’arif Nahdlatul Ulama di Kabupaten Kebumen ini hanya membutuhkan waktu kurang lebih lima belas tahun saja untuk menjadi sekolah yang maju dan unggul. Keberhasilan SMK Ma’arif 9 Kebumen dalam hal output atau kompetensi lulusan membuktikan bahwa sekolah ini merupakan sekolah yang baik dalam proses pengelolaannya. Ia tidak sebatas mengedepankan input, melainkan menekankan proses dan mengutamakan output. Kemajuan sekolah ini juga tidak terlepas dari pengelolaan aset baik yang berupa barang sarana prasarana maupun jasa yang berupa SDM. Dalam manajemen aset, di dalamnya melakukan tiga proses yang harus dilaksanakan yaitu perencanaan aset, pengadaan aset dan pemeliharaan aset. Peran penting komite sekolah yang sekaligus Rektor IAINU Kebumen dalam hal perencanaan, pengadaan dan pemeliharaan aset, menjadi hal sentral karena melalui berbagai pengalaman dan jaringan luasnya. Sehingga melalui peran komite sekolah yang aktif tersebut, mampu meningkatkan aset sekolah melalui pengadaan sarpras. Dengan demikian, melalui manajemen aset yang baik proses pembelajaran di SMK Ma’arif 9 Kebumen dapat meningkat.
Peran Tokoh Agama dalam edukasi Al-Qur’an di Dusun Karanggede Gilangharjo Pandak Bantul Yogyakarta
Authors: Salim Ahmad , Hidayatun Umi
Published: April 2022

This study discusses the role of Islamic religious leaders in building the Al-Qur’an Literacy Village in Karanggede Hamlet. This research is qualitative research. By using the classification theory of Javanese society from Cliffort Greetz. The results of this study indicate that: Islamic religious leaders have some roles in Qur’an literate villages because they are included in the abangan, santri and priyayi variants, they are well received by the community. The role of Islamic religious leaders in building al Qur’an literate village is become a teacher of the Al-Qur’an, provide an understanding of the importance of reading Al-Qur’an through da’wah or lectures, and holding religious activities to support the learning of Al Qur’an that is carried out.

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai Peran Tokoh Agama Islam dalam membangun Desa Melek Al-Qur’an di Dusun Karanggede. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian kualitatif. Dengan menggunakan teori klasifikasi masyarakat Jawa dari Cliffort Greetz. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: tokoh agama Islam mempunyai peran terhadap literasi Al-Qur’an karena masuk pada varian abangan, santri dan priyayi dan diterima dengan baik oleh masyarakat. Peran tokoh agama Islam dalam meningkatkan literasi Al-Qur’an dengan cara menjadi guru ngaji, memberikan pemahaman mengenai pentingnya membaca Al-Qur’an lewat dakwah atau ceramah serta mengadakan kegiatan keagamaan untuk menunjang pembelajaran Al-Qur’an yang dilaksanakan.

Kata Kunci: Peran Tokoh Agama Islam, Literasi Al-Qur’an
PRINCIPAL'S STRATEGY IN IMPROVING TEACHER PERFORMANCE IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION LEARNING
Authors: Misdah Misdah
Published: April 2022

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to find out about (1) the principal's strategy in improving teacher performance in PAI learning planning; (2) the principal's strategy in improving teacher performance in the implementation of PAI learning; and (3) the principal's strategy in improving teacher performance in pai learning evaluation. This type of research is field research(fiel research),while the approach used is qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used are observation, interview and documentation studies. The data sources in this study are 1 principal and 2 PAI teachers located at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak. The results of this study show that: (1) the principal's strategy in improving teacher performance in PAI learning planning, is to provide skills, motivation and conduct academic supervision for learning planning at the beginning of the year; (2) The principal's strategy in improving teacher performance in the implementation of PAI learning is to conduct academic monitoring and supervision in the form of regular class visits to each teacher and directly supervise the teacher in carrying out learning stages such as: preliminary activities, core activities and closing activities; and (3) the principal's strategy in improving teacher performance in pai learning evaluation is also by conducting academic supervision in the form of classroom visits and directly monitoring teachers in providing feedback as a result of the evaluation process provided by teachers in the classroom.

Keywords : Strategy, Teacher Performance, PAI Learning
The Effect of Ispring Suite Learning Media on Student Achievement in Fiqh . Subjects
Authors: UMAM INDAH MIFTAHUL
Published: April 2022

Abstract

This Research aim is knowing the properness of Ispringsuite based android system in Fiqh Material for The first grade in MTSN 14 Megaluh, Jombang. This research using Design Based Research in Brog and Gall Approach. The research Instrument is form as questionnaire validation of Material exprt, linguistic expert, IT expert, in other hands there is also questionnaire validation for students response. The assessment is conducted by classroom mean Score, Likert Scale. The result from the material expert is 81, 91% which claim as extemely proper, from the linguistic expert is 80,25%, which named by verry proper. Beside, the score from IT expert is 70.61% which state as proper category. And the score from the students is around 90%, Which state as extremely proper. In conclusion, Ispring suite Learning Media based Android System in Fiqh Material is Proper to use.
ANALISIS FATWA SESAT MUI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT NOMOR: 01/MUI-KALIMANTAN BARAT/I/2016 TENTANG AJARAN GERAKAN FAJAR NUSANTARA (GAFATAR)
Authors: Khamim Khamim
Published: April 2022

This paper discusses the heretical fatwa issued by the MUI of West Kalimantan Province against Gerakan Fajar Nusantara (Gafatar). In the beginning, Gafatar was engaged in social and community affairs, but in its development, the Community Organization taught religious beliefs and understandings that unsettled Muslim communities in Moton Village, Mempawah Regency, West Kalimantan Province. The phenomenon was then followed up by the West Kalimantan MUI by issuing heretical fatwas and calls to repent for Gafatar members. But on the other hand, the ex-Gafatar General Chairperson, Mahful M Tumanurung argues that the teachings of Gafatar are not Islamic, but they adhere to and hold fast to the understanding of Millah Abraham as the Way of God's Truth. This type of research in this paper is field research with an empirical-qualitative approach. Using qualitative data analysis, the results of this study explain that the consideration of the West Kalimantan Province MUI in issuing fatwa Number 01/MUI-West Kalimantan/I/2016 concerning the Teachings of the Nusantara Fajar Movement (Gafatar) is that the teachings carried by the Gafatar sect conflict with the Qur'an, the Hadith and the rules of Usuluddin, especially following the 10 criteria of heresy issued by the MUI. MUI is not authorized to issue fatwas forbidden if the teachings of Gafatar are a new religion, not Islam, because it is contrary to human rights.

Tulisan ini membahas tentang fatwa sesat yang dikeluarkan oleh MUI Provinsi Kalimantan Barat terhadap Gerakan Fajar Nusantara (Gafatar). Pada mulanya, Gafatar bergerak pada bidang sosial dan kemasyarakatan, tetapi pada perkembangannya, Organisasi Masyarakat (Ormas) tersebut mengajarkan keyakinan dan pemahaman keagamaan yang meresahkan masyarakat Muslim yang berada di Desa Moton, Kabupaten Mempawah, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Fenomena tersebut kemudian ditindaklajuti oleh MUI Provinsi Kalimantan Barat dengan mengeluarkan fatwa sesat dan seruan untuk bertobat bagi anggota Gafatar. Tetapi pada sisi lain, Eks Ketua Umum Gafatar, Mahful M Tumanurung berpendapat bahwa ajaran Gafatar bukanlah agama Islam, tetapi mereka menganut dan berpegang teguh terhadap paham Millah Abraham sebagai Jalan Kebenaran Tuhan. Jenis penelitian dalam tulisan ini adalah penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan empiris-kualitatif. Dengan menggunakan analisis data kualitatif, hasil penelitian dalam tulisan ini memaparkan bahwa pertimbangan MUI Provinsi Kalimantan Barat dalam mengeluarkan fatwa Nomor: 01/MUI-Kalimantan Barat/I/2016 tentang Ajaran Gerakan Fajar Nusantara (Gafatar) ialah bahwa ajaran yang dibawa oleh aliran Gafatar bertentangan dengan Al-Qur’an, hadits dan kaidah-kaidah ushuluddin, khususnya sesuai dengan 10 kreteria ajaran sesat yang dikeluarkan oleh MUI. MUI tidak berwenang mengeluarkan fatwa haram jika ajaran Gafatar merupakan agama baru, bukan agama Islam, karena bertentangan dengan hak asasi manusia.
KRITIK PEMIKIRAN FEMINIS TERHADAP HAK DAN KEWAJIBAN SUAMI ISTERI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM
Authors: Hermanto Agus , Ismail Habib
Published: April 2022

In the Islamic concept that the husband is the head of the household and the wife is the housewife, but the development of the wife is looking for income in public spaces. What is interesting to study is, is it possible for the wife to become a partner in the household? With the aim, to get scientific insights about the rights and obligations of husband and wife that are relevant to the current context. This study is a library study that has qualitative research types. For criticizing the feminist concepts about the rights and obligations of husband and wife, I used Maslahah theory with philosophical-sociological approach. Feminists interpret the rights and obligations of husband and wife in the household, arguing that contextually the wives are no longer in charge of being housewives, but rather help to make a living in the public sphere, for the sake of justice, equality, democracy and doing good. Things this is not an absolute thing, but an offer and casuistic that should not be provoked because the concept of Islam has brought benefit if applied properly. 

Dalam konsep Islam bahwa suami adalah kepala rumah tangga dan isteri adalah ibu rumah tangga, namun perkembangannya isteri yang mencari penghasilan diruang publik. Apa yang menarik untuk dikaji adalah kemungkinan isteri menjadi mitra dalam rumah tangga? Tujuannya adalah agar mendapatkan wawasan ilmiah tentang hak dan kewajiban suami isteri yang relevan dengan konteks saat ini. Kajian ini merupakan kajian library reseach dan jenis penelitiannya kualitatif. Untuk mengkritik konsep feminis tentang hak dan kewajiban suami isteri, penulis menggunakan teori Maslahah dengan pendekatan filosofis-sosiologi. Para feminis mereintepretasikan hak dan kewajiban suami isteri dalam rumah tangga dengan alasan bahwa secara kontekstual para isteri tidak lagi banyak yang bertugas menjadi ibu rumah tangga, melainkan turut membantu mencari nafkah di wilayah publik, demi keadilan, persamaan, demokrasi dan berbuat kebaikan. Hal ini bukanlah hal yang mutlak, namun sebuah tawaran dan kasuistik yang tidak seharusnya diprovokasikan, karena konsep Islam sejatinya telah membawa maslahah jika diterapkan dengan benar.
IDDAH DAN IHDAD BAGI WANITA KARIR PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Khoiri Ahmad , Muala Asyharul
Published: April 2022

Islam enforces the iddah period for women who are being divorced by their husbands or their husbands have died. During this waiting period, women are limited in making up or grooming themselves and leaving the house (ihdad). The provision regarding the iddah period becomes problematic when faced with women who have to work to meet the needs of themselves and their families. This paper aims to explain the law for women who continue to carry out their daily lives by working outside the home from an Islamic perspective. The type of research that the author uses in this paper is a literature study. The author concludes that women working during the iddah period do not violate the provisions of the iddah period and continue to carry out the iddah period, even though the woman leaves the house to earn a living and the conditions vary. The prohibition for women during the iddah period is that it is haram to marry another man, it is forbidden to leave the house unless there is an emergency reason and it is obligatory to perform ihdad. Regarding professionalism in work, especially career women in their respective fields, it must be used as a form of carrying out Islamic law and carrying out their nature as a social human being. By considering moral ethics, iddah has protection in modern development, especially for women who are active in their respective fields.

Islam memberlakukan masa iddah bagi wanita yang sedang dicerai oleh suaminya atau suaminya meninggal dunia. Dalam masa tunggu tersebut, wanita dibatasi dalam berias atau bersolek diri dan keluar rumah (ihdad). Ketentuan tentang masa iddah manjadi problematik jika dihadapkan dengan wanita yang harus bekerja untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya dan keluarganya. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan hukum bagi wanita-wanita yang tetap menjalankan keseharain dengan bekerja di luar rumah perspektif Islam. Jenis penelitian yang penulis pakai dalam tulisan ini adalah studi literatur. Penulis berkesimpulan bahwa wanita bekerja ketika pada masa iddah tidak melanggar ketentuan dalam masa iddah dan tetap menjalankan masa iddah-nya, walaupun wanita tersebut keluar rumah untuk mencari nafkah dan itu berbeda-beda kondisinya. Larangan bagi perempuan dalam masa iddah adalah haram menikah dengan laki-laki lain, haram keluar rumah kecuali karena ada alasan darurat dan wajib melakukan ihdad. Mengenai profesionalitas dalam bekerja, terutama wanita karir di bidangnya masing-masing, harus digunakan sebagai wujud menjalankan hukum Islam dan menjalankan kodratnya sebagai manusia sosial. Dengan mempertimbangkan etika moral, iddah memiliki perlindungan dalam perkembangan modern terutama bagi kaum wanita yang aktif di bidangnya masing-masing.
Isolasi Mandiri dalam Islam: Kritik Metodologis Fatwa LBM PWNU Jawa Tengah tentang Anjuran Isolasi saat Wabah
Authors: Nurdin Nazar , Bintarawati Fenny , Nihayah Ulfatun
Published: April 2022

Artikel ini bermaksud mengkaji anjuran isolasi mandiri yang terinfeksi wabah dalam kerangka hukum Islam. Studi akan fokus pada fatwa kebolehan isolasi yang diterbitkan LBM PWNU Jawa Tengah. Isolasi merupakan salah satu cara efektif mencegah penularan wabah, mengurangi angka infeksi. Isolasi mengharuskan orang tetap tinggal di rumah, tidak bekerja atau bepergian ke tempat umum. Meski terjadi pelanggaran isolasi, nyatanya kebijakan isolasi cukup menekan angka infeksi di suatu wilayah. Islam membolehkan isolasi untuk melindungi jiwa manusia, karena bagian dari tujuan syariat Islam. Tulisan ini merupakan riset kualitatif, ditulis dengan pendekatan normatif. Data penelitian bersumber dari bahan pustaka. Sumber data primer adalah fatwa LBM PWNU Jawa Tengah tentang anjuran isolasi mandiri, sementara data sekunder bersumber dari buku, jurnal atau publikasi ilmiah lain yang terkait topik penelitian. Setelah data terkumpul, kemudian dilakukan analisis dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Studi ini menemukan bahwa pendapat hukum Islam tentang kebolehan isolasi dapat direkomendasikan sebagai upaya pengendalian penyakit menular. Namun hasil rumusan tersebut tidak cukup kuat secara metodologis, karena dicukupkan mengikuti pendapat fukaha dalam kitab-kitab terstandar. Agar pendapat hukum lebih kuat secara metodologis, diperlukan upaya yang lebih dalam pencarian pendapat hukum untuk menangkap maksud pesan tersebut sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman.
Dinamika Konstitusi Islam: Dari Periode Kekhilafahan hingga Nation-State
Authors: Sodiqin Ali , Radiamoda Anwar M
Published: April 2022

Perdebatan tentang bentuk negara dalam Islam terjadi di kalangan intelektual Muslim. Secara normatif, ketidakjelasan dalil tentang hubungan agama dan negara dalam sumber-sumber Islam menjadi penyebab utamanya. Secara historis, terdapat keragaman bentuk negara Islam yang dipraktikkan oleh umat Islam sejak masa klasik hingga modern. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi dinamika konstitusi yang dipraktikkan oleh negara-negara Islam sepanjang sejarah, mulai masa Nabi hingga masa sekarang. Mengapa konstitusi Islam berbeda penyusunan dan penerapannya dalam sejarah ketatanegaraan Islam? Apa saja faktor yang mempengaruhinya? Pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan sejarah, guna memetakan kontinuitas dan perubahan dalam konstitusi Islam. Pada periode kekhilafahan tidak ditemukan konstitusi tertulis sebagai dasar bernegara. Khalifah adalah konstitusi itu sendiri karena kekuasaannya yang absolut. Pada masa nation-state terdapat perbedaan dalam penempatan Islam sebagai agama negara, kedudukan syari’ah sebagai satu-satunya sumber hukum, dan lembaga yudikatif yang berwenang meninjau kesesuaian syari’ah. Keragaman konstitusi di negara-negara Islam disebakan oleh empat faktor, yaitu ketiadaan aturan spesifik tentang ketatanegaraan di dalam sumber ajaran Islam, kekuasaan khalifah yang sentralistik dan absolut, adanya pengaruh tradisi yang berkembang pada masa itu, dan adanya pengaruh dari negara Barat melalui kolonialisme di dunia Islam.
Penalaran Rasional dan Maslahah: Ijtihad Umar ibn al-Khattab pada Kasus-Kasus Kewarisan Islam
Authors: Yusron Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Ketentuan kewarisan Islam telah diatur secara detail dan terperinci dalam Alqur’an dan hadis. Namun, beberapa kasus dalam kewarisan Islam yang diproduksi oleh Umar ibn al-Khattab terkesan bertentangan dengan ketentuan naṣh. Tulisan ini merupakan studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan kajian yuridis-normatif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis hasil ijtihad Umar ibn al-Khattab dalam masalah kewarisan yang bersifat ijtihādiyyah. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil ijtihad Umar ibn al-Khattab dalam menyelesaikan kasus-kasus kewarisan didasarkan pada penalaran rasional dan berorientasi pada kemaslahatan. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan pemberian bagian 1/3 sisa untuk ibu dalam masalah gharawain, penyatuan bagian waris antara saudara sekandung dengan saudara seibu dalam masalah musytarakah dan kasus-kasus kewarisan lainnya seperti ‘aul, radd dan kewarisan kakek dan nenek. Umar selalu mengedapankan penalaran rasional dan maslahah dalam interaksinya dengan naṣh. Baginya, sebuah hukum sangat terikat dengan konteks kapan dan di mana ia ditetapkan. Perbedaan waktu dan tempat dalam penetapan hukum berpengaruh terhadap hasil ijtihad.
Negosiasi antara Hukum Positif dengan Hukum Islam: Penetapan Wali Nikah di Kantor Urusan Agama Idi Rayeuk, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Fadli Fadli , Juliandi Budi
Published: April 2022

Hukum Perkawinan Indonesia mengatur bahwa ayah biologis berhak menjadi wali nikah bagi anak yang lahir kurang dari enam bulan usia perkawinan orang tuanya. Faktanya, Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) Idi Rayeuk memberikan kewenangan kepada wali hakim untuk menggantikan kedudukan ayah kandung untuk menikahkan anak perempuannya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Hukum Perkawinan Indonesia dan hukum Islam dikompromikan dan dinegosiasikan di KUA Idi Rayeuk dalam penetapan wali nikah bagi anak yang lahir kurang dari enam bulan usia perkawinan orang tuanya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif-empiris dengan menjadikan wawancara dan dokumentasi yang dikumpulkan selama Juli-Desember 2019 sebagai sumber datanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penetapan wali hakim di KUA Idi Rayeuk bagi perempuan yang lahir kurang dari enam bulan usia perkawinan orang tuanya merupakan hasil dari kompromi dan negosiasi antara hukum positif dengan hukum Islam, khususnya fikih Syafi’i. KUA Idi Rayeuk dan tokoh agama sepakat menggunakan fikih Syafi’i untuk menunjuk wali hakim sebagai wali nikah bagi anak yang lahir kurang dari enam bulan usia perkawinan orang tuanya. Hasil dari negosiasi tersebut ialah praktik pernikahan yang diberikan ke wali hakim sesuai dengan praktik penghulu mewakilkan wali nasab dalam perkawinan (wakilah wali) dan tidak dicantumkan nama wali hakim dalam dokumen-dokumen yang berkaitan dengan pernikahan tersebut.
Women's Rights and Gender Equality: An Analysis of Jasser Auda's Thoughts and His Contribution to Renewal of Islamic Family Law in Indonesia
Authors: Utsany Royan , Tw Afrizal , Khamim Khamim
Published: April 2022

There are still many practices of marginalization and subordination of women. An incomplete understanding of the Qur'an and hadith is the main reason. Women have the same position as men and are elevated in status in Islam. This article aims to explain Jasser Auda's thoughts on women and their contribution to the reform of Islamic family law in Indonesia. This paper uses bibliographic research as the primary source of Jasser Auda's works. This study concludes that Jasser Auda's thinking which provides equal positions between men and women, aligns with maqāsid al-syarī’ah, which was developed and combined with systems theory. Women have an equal role and position with men in the mosque, become leaders, and are given rights in reproductive health. The authors argue that Jasser Auda's views on women have inspired several reforms in Islamic family law in Indonesia that pay more attention to women's rights and position on an equal footing with men rather than the practice of understanding Muslim societies, which are still patriarchal.
Contemporary Haqiqī Calculation: Analysis of Rinto Anugraha's Lunar Eclipse Calculation Methods
Authors: Yaqin 'Alamul
Published: April 2022

Classical Islamic astronomy literature that discusses eclipse calculations still uses the ḥaqiqī bi al-taqrīb method with low accuracy. In its development, Islamic astronomical literature studies the calculation of lunar eclipses with high accuracy, including Mekanika Benda Langit work by Rinto Anugraha. This article aims to analyze the calculation method and accuracy of the Rinto Anugraha lunar eclipse and compare it with Jean Meeus, Bao Lin Liu, and Alan D. Fiala's calculations NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). Using bibliographic research and descriptive-comparative methods, the author finds that the method of calculating the lunar eclipse of Rinto Anugraha is contemporary haqiqī. The calculation of the lunar eclipse proposed by Rinto Anugraha is based on Jean Meeus' lunar eclipse calculation, and slight modifications are using NASA data. Rinto Anugraha's lunar eclipse calculation has a high level of accuracy because it has the most significant average difference of 3 minutes 36 seconds in the penumbral eclipse begins stage with the results of the lunar eclipse calculations from Jean Meeus, Bao Lin Liu and Alan D. Fiala, and NASA. Anugraha's contemporary calculation method has implications for simplifying the lunar eclipse calculation formula and the range of lunar eclipses that can be calculated further.
Análise sobre o consorciamento para gestão de resíduos sólidos no Ceará - Brasil
Authors: Martins Isadora Macedo , Galvão Júnior Alceu de Castro , Maia Carlos Vangerre de Almeida , Correia Valquiria Melo Souza
Published: April 2022

Os Consórcios Públicos (CPs) são instituições que favorecem a colaboração entre entes federados, em especial à gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos. Neste estudo, buscou-se realizar caracterização dos atuais consórcios do Estado do Ceará. Realizou-se pesquisa junto aos secretários executivos e/ou superintendentes desses CPs, a fim de averiguar a caracterização dos consórcios, os membros consorciados, as ações e projetos em andamento e suas relações institucionais. Nos 16 CPs participantes, observou-se a pouca idade dessas instituições, ausência de estrutura técnico operacional e de infraestrutura para atender o previsto pela Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos e acordos limitados com instituições parceiras. Evidencia-se o papel do Ministério Público Estadual e estímulos financeiros e apoio técnico estadual para a concepção dos CPs como indutores, expondo a incipiente cultura municipalista no Estado.
Palavras-chave: Consórcios Públicos. Resíduos Sólidos. Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos.
Saúde única e tuberculose
Authors: Teles Antônio Vasco de Oliveira Magalhaes , Karvat Daniele de Cassia , Pedrassani Daniela
Published: April 2022

A tuberculose é uma doença reemergente de grande interesse epidemiológico para os órgãos vinculados à saúde pública. No âmbito das doenças zoonóticas, a tuberculose bovina é uma doença de evolução crônica causada pela bactéria Mycobacterium bovis. Este agente patológico acomete principalmente bovinos, além de animais domésticos e silvestres, podendo infectar seres humanos. A tuberculose continua tendo distribuição global e atingindo diversos países, principalmente aqueles em desenvolvimento, sendo assunto de grande importância nas definições de políticas públicas, no que concerne ao direito à saúde. Assim, neste artigo se verificou a concepção de saúde única incluindo a tuberculose como um agravo importante para saúde pública, e como os diferentes entes institucionais devem integrar as ações quando há o diagnóstico de tuberculose nos rebanhos bovinos ou na população em geral. Percebeu-se que para um enfrentamento mais efetivo da tuberculose zoonótica é necessária uma cadeia de informação bem estruturada que permita a circulação de informação entre os mais diversos órgãos, sobretudo secretarias e ministérios da agricultura, pecuária e abastecimento e saúde. Portanto, para o enfrentamento da tuberculose, é importante a aplicação de estratégias integrativas entre os órgãos de defesa sanitária animal e os de saúdes pública e ambiental, para que ocorra a troca de informações entre os diversos órgãos da administração.
Palavras-chave: Programas governamentais. Direito. Constituição. Mycobacterium bovis.
Which resources and competences are in favour of an international strategy? A case of Polish firms
Authors: Głodowska Agnieszka , Wach Krzysztof , Maciejewski Marek
Published: April 2022

The objective of the study is to verify the way and the scope of the impact of resources and competences on the process of entrepreneurial internationalisation. In this paper we have presented a broad review of the literature, which shows that resources and competencies are two fundamental aspects that play vital roles in the internationalisation of firms. The novelty of this article lies in selecting Poland as a post-emerging economy, and such countries as being late comers to international business are still not well explored in the literature. The article uses own primary data based on a survey questionnaire. We used a quantitative approach. We applied simple and multiple logistic regression to verify the impact of resources and competences and their individual components on the creation of an international strategy in the firm. We have proved that resources and competences have a significant impact on the creation of an international strategy in internationalised firms from Poland. The results for specific individual resources and competences are no longer so clear-cut.
Support for social entrepreneurship in Poland under the European Social Fund – changes and challenges
Authors: Kruk Marzena
Published: April 2022

he European Commission directs its financial instruments to the broadly understood social economy sector, including the development of social entrepreneurship. In 2011, the European Commission presented the Social Business Initiative (SBI), defining the activities of the European Union to support the development of social enterprises (key stakeholders of the social economy). According to the assumptions of the European Commission, social enterprises are specific organisations that combine social objectives with initiatives promoting entrepreneurial attitudes, focusing on achieving wider social goals or exerting social impact. Financial support is also intended to generate changes in a broader time perspective in the coming years of the EP’s activity. Since Poland’s accession to the European community in 2004, the social economy (including social enterprises) has received financial support in many areas of its activity. The beneficiaries of the funds covered not only social economy entities (PES), but also institutions supporting the development of the social economy, mainly social entrepreneurship, such as Social Economy Support Centers (OWES). It is mainly these key entities of the social economy – social enterprises have become places of new jobs and motivators of civic activity. The aim of the article is to quantify the financial support received from the European Social Fund in the years 2004–2016 for activities aimed at the development of social entrepreneurship (SE).
Polietilen Torbalarındaki Farklı Orandaki Açıklıkların ‘Sultani Çekirdeksiz’ Üzüm Çeşidinin Depolanmasına Etkileri
Authors: Bayramoğlu Ayşe , Şen Fatih
Published: April 2022

This study was carried out to determine the effects of different openings onto the polyethylene (PE) packages used in storage of ‘Sultani Çekirdeksiz’ grape variety on quality, SO2 damage, pathological and physiological disorders of grapes. Grapes were harvested at full maturity and placed in PE bags with ‰0 (control), ‰0.5, ‰1 and ‰2 openings. After pre-cooling grapes in the case of SO2 pets were placed after the mouth of the bags were closed. Grapes were stored at 0°C and 90-95% relative humidity for 4 months, and quality changes were determined in monthly samples. SO2 concentrations detected at the end of storage in PE packages with ‰0, ‰0.5, ‰1 and ‰2 openings were 11.16, 5.80, 2.05 and 0,00 mg/kg respectively. It has been found that grapes in packages without opening had significant SO2 content and SO2 damage, especially the end of storage. However, grapes in packages with ‰2 openings had high weight loss and browning scores in stems. The results showed that ‘Sultani Çekirdeksiz’ grapes could be stored more successfully in PE packages with ‰0.5 openings. ‘Sultani Seedless’ grape variety, it may be suggested to use PE bags without openings for 2 and 3 months storage.
Farklı Çevresel Koşullara Uyumlu Bazı Sazan Türlerinde Hemoglobin Proteini Farklılıklarının Elektroforetik Tekniklerle Araştırılması
Authors: Zöngür Alper , Değerli Naci
Published: April 2022

Six different temperate zone species of Cyprinidae family members, which are adapted to different harsh environmental conditions, were analyzed versus cold-acclimated Salmonid. Hemoglobin diversity in the studied species was investigated with a modified form of isoelectric pH: 3.5-10 ampholite system. 6 isohemoglobin bands were observed for cold-acclimated Oncorhynchus mykiss 8 isohemoglobin were observed for Chalcalburnus tarichi 9 for Cyprinion macrostomus and Sarkisla (Sivas) Cyprinus carpio, 11 Garra rufa and finally 12 for Todurge (Sivas) Cyprinus carpio. Cathodic/anodic ratios were found equal to 1for control and the fish adapted to available conditions. However, these ratios were found below 1 when environmental conditions were changed for fish, which are adapted to these poorly oxygenated conditions. Different environmentally adapted fish species are representing various isohemoglobins bands pattern. The species used as a control group in this study shown the lower isohemoglobin bands form. On the other hand, different forms of temperate climate Cyprinidae family member are produced isohemoglobins bands pattern, and the number of these band were higher than control group, depending on different adaptation conditions. The majority of these protein bands were anadic and it can be said that fish are producing anodic hemoglobin protein, when environmental conditions was changed to poorly oxygenated milieu.
Et Ürünlerinde Nitrit Kullanımını Azaltma Yöntemlerinde Güncel Yaklaşımlar ve Sanayiye Aktarılma Potansiyelleri
Authors: Yıldız Turp Gülen , Avcı Tuğçe
Published: April 2022

Nowadays, consumer demand for healthy and natural food is reflected in the meat industry and researches and investments on this issue have gained speed. Nitrite is a widely used synthetic additive in meat products due to its contribution to the development of characteristic color and flavor, controls lipid oxidation and has an antimicrobial effect on pathogenic microorganisms, especially Clostridium botulinum. However, the fact that nitrite causes the formation of toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic N-nitrosamine compounds and constitutes a risk to human health has led to the searches for alternative additives. An important part of the studies on this subject consists of testing the use of natural additives as an alternative to nitrite. In recent years, instead of using nitrate and nitrite in meat products, studies have been carried out to use organic acids and microbial resources. In addition to these methods, up-to-date technology applications such as high pressure, irradiation, encapsulation, active packaging containing nitrite, zinc protoporphyrin IX compound formation and cold plasma technology constitute other research areas that we encounter in reducing the nitrite rate in meat products. Within the scope of this review, the functions of nitrite in cured meat products, current potential methods for reducing nitrite content and the limitations of transferring these methods to industry were examined.
Rasyona Ham ve Kavrulmuş Elekaltı Fasulye İlavesinin Yumurtlayan Bıldırcınlarda Performansa, Yumurta Kalitesine ve Serum Biyokimyasal Parametrelerine Etkisi
Authors: Özçalık Ayşe Sueda , Olgun Osman
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of using under sieve beans, which is a waste product, as raw and roasted in laying quail diets on performance, egg quality, and serum metabolic profile. For this purpose, a total of 160 female Japanese quails at the age of 70 days were randomly distributed to 8 treatment groups consisting of 4 levels (0, 6, 12 and 18%) under sieve beans and 2 processing techniques (raw and roasted) with 5 replications. Compared to the control group, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were adversely affected by 12% under sieve bean level, and the negative effect was even more pronounced by 18% level. Egg mass and eggshell breaking strength were statistically affected using under sieve beans in the diet and the best results were obtained at the 6% level for these parameters. Eggshell thickness decreased significantly by 12% and 18% sieve bean levels. The serum glucose concentration of quails increased significantly with the use of 18% under sieve beans in the diet, and the serum phosphorus concentration increased significantly with the use of 6% under sieve beans. Egg production, egg mass and feed efficiency and total protein, albumin and phosphorus concentrations of serum were significantly improved by roasting of under sieve beans. The interactions between the under-sieve bean levels and the processing technique only affected the eggshell thickness and serum glucose concentration statistically. According to the results obtained from this study, it has been observed that under sieve beans can be used up to 6% in the diets of laying quails and the roasting process improves performance and serum parameters.
Gambaran Higiene Sanitasi Jajanan Gorengan Dan Kandungan Bakteri Salmonella Sp. Di Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Rulen Betty Nia , Subarniyanti Tety , Fitria Eliza
Published: April 2022

Penularan penyakit dapat terjadi melalui makanan yang disebabkan kontaminasi dari air, wadah makanan, kebersihan tangan, bahan makanan, serta sanitasi lingkungan. Makanan jajanan yang mengandung zat berbahaya dan tercemar oleh mikroba dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit seperti alergi, diare, keracunan, kanker, maupun tumor. Gorengan merupakan salah satu makanan jajanan yang paling diminati dan banyak dijajakan di pinggir jalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui higiene sanitasi jajanan gorengan dan cemaran bakteri Salmonella sp. Jenis penelitian ini kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif, melalui observasi Analisa data berupa Univariat. Hasil observasi dari 16 sampel gorengan menunjukkan higiene sanitasi tempat mencuci bahan makanan 100% tidak memenuhi syarat, pengolahan makanan 50% tidak memenuhi syarat, cara penyajian 62,5% tidak memenuhi syarat, higiene peralatan 37,5% tidak memenuhi syarat, personal higiene 100% tidak memenuhi syarat, dan hasil pemeriksaan cemaran bakteri Salmonella sp. menunjukkan 13 sampel gorengan positif tercemar Salmonella sp. dan 3 sampel positif bakteri Shigiella sp. Disarankan kepada Puskesmas agar dapat memberikan pengawasan dan edukasi kepada penjual gorengan diwilayahnya tentang higiene sanitasi makanan agar meminimalisir cemaran bakteri pada makanan yang dijual.
Earth(ing) Kashmir: Geo-Tropicality as a Means of Thinking beyond Stratified Geopolitics
Authors: Das Saswat Samay , Ghosal Abhisek , Roy Pratihar Ananya
Published: April 2022

This article places the spotlight on remarkably differential nuances of Kashmir’s geo-tropicality only to subject them to a decolonial ethics. It seeks to disengage from colonial representational grammatology that approaches these nuances as alienatingly exotic and spectacular. It furthermore, argues that mutually disjunctive co-becomings of these nuances not only provide Kashmir’s geo-tropicality with a kind of a-humanist orientation, but also makes this tropicality an immanent zone of natural ethical violence. We go on to argue that it is only a kind of ‘smooth politics’ based on decolonial a-humanist ethics of earthing that can end the conflict arising out of governmental attempts at overcoding the chaosophical immanentism of Kashmir’s geo-tropicality.