bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender bender agenda: Dame Edna, k. d. lang and Ivana Trump
Authors: Hale Adrian
Published: October 2016

This paper asserts that we accept or reject humorous texts discursively on the basis of what we perceive as authorial agendas. This “authorial agenda spotting” is activated by discursive “triggers”, which identify, filter, reject, endorse, or otherwise subjectively interpret the discourse of a textual author. This study was prompted by observing the negative reception of a humorous text by a predominantly Muslim postgraduate student cohort who signalled cultural identity and social cohesion by rejecting a text which subverted gender performance according to their discursive expectations. The study sought to compare this triggered effect with the reception of the same text by a distinctly pre-disposed audience comprised of same-sex-attracted bloggers. This reception in turn was contrasted with the reception of the text by mainstream media reviewers. The text itself seems to spark these discursive triggers in all three audiences. It is taken from “The Dame Edna Treatment” (2007), a TV-media entertainment programme, which features the celebrity guests k. d. lang and Ivana Trump being “interviewed” by the Australian comedian Barry Humphries in character as “Dame Edna”.
Chinese translation and psychometric testing of the Humour Styles Questionnaire Children Version (C-HSQC) among Hong Kong Chinese primary-school students
Authors: Ku Kelly Y. L. , Ho Sammy , Chan Edmund , Chik Maria , Chan Dennis
Published: October 2016

In the current study, the Humour Styles Questionnaire Children Version (HSQC) was translated into Chinese. The psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Humour Styles Questionnaire Children version (C-HSQC) were examined. The C-HSQC and psychological measures on humour, self-esteem, depression, and coping behaviors were administered to a sample of 361 primary-five and -six students in Hong Kong. Confirmatory factor analyses, concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity were assessed to examine the construct validity of the questionnaire. The results indicated a moderately strong fit of the model of the hypothesized four-factor structure of two adaptive (i.e., affiliative and self-enhancing) and two maladaptive (i.e., aggressive and self-defeating) humour styles. Results provided good support for the use of the C-HSQC in measuring humour of Hong Kong children.
Digital politics on Facebook during the Arab Spring in Morocco: Adaptive strategies of satire relative to its political and cultural context
Authors: Mifdal Mohamed
Published: October 2016

When the Arab Spring began, a growing number of Moroccan Facebookers flaunted their dissent in the face of the regime and used subversive satire to question its legitimacy or push for more freedoms.  However, this expression in the form of satire waned after the situation became settled and the satirists had to adjust their satire to the new political reality. This article explores the adaptive strategies of satire in a repressive context during settled and unsettled periods. By scrutinizing satiric posts on Facebook for over four years, I argue that satire, as critique and resistance, adjusts itself to the context,  either by taking advantage of  increased political space and freedoms or by resorting to indirection, self-censorship or tactical play with power. In both instances, the satiric performance is bound to stay within consensual cultural and political norms even when it is most subversive as these norms profoundly shape its creation and public reception.
Jokes, the unconscious and social subjectivity: from the “latent narratives” to the groupal bond
Authors: Barbeta Viñas Marc , Izquierdo Benito María Jesús
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this paper is to propose a psychosociological approach to the configuration of human bonds, on the one hand, and a methodological reflection on the analysis, on the other. The bonds are analyzed in their less explicit side, in order to reveal those emotional and representational elements which tend to express themselves an unclear and obscure way. The empirical research material has been a set of jokes told in different focus groups, with participants located in similar social positions. We analysed the associative chains developed in group dynamics, presenting methodological schemes for each particular analysis. The “latent accounts” arising from the analysis of each discussion group exhibit significant differences which are expressive of link models specific to each social context. Additionally, the phenomenon of the joke is confirmed as a valuable tool for social research.
Commentary piece: The enigma of solitary laughter
Authors: Weeks Mark Charles
Published: October 2016

Very little has been published on the subject of solitary laughter. Yet it appears quite possible that it is experienced by a large majority of people. A pilot study I have recently undertaken involving participants of numerous nationalities, as well as searches through literature and across the Internet, suggest that solitary laughter, while not as common as social instances of laughing, is a widespread human behaviour. It is even accorded special value by some. Seeking to encourage further research into the subject, this article discusses research and examines the forces that have militated against a more thorough research engagement with solitary laughter. It argues that a primary factor may be a pervasive assumption among influential scholars that laughter is an essentially social phenomenon and that laughing in solitude may be explained away as “vicarious” or “pseudo” socialising. Doubt is cast here upon that assumption. It is argued that while the reductionism at work in the extremely broad application of a social hypothesis may be theoretically attractive, it belies the diverse, evolving operations of both laughter and humour; this may be unnecessarily, if unwittingly, restricting the field of enquiry. Solitary laughter is a significant, complex behaviour and worthy of attention in its own right.
The Use of Mnemonics to Minimize the Interfering Effects of Teaching New Words in Semantic Sets to Learners of English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Sarıoğlu Mustafa , Karatepe Çiğdem
Published: September 2024

Most studies in the literature propose that new words should be presented in unrelated sets due to interfering effect of learning vocabulary in semantic sets. Semantically‐related words are suggested to be taught in different sessions to avoid this negative effect. However, that is implausible for most second language (L2) teachers owing to the restrictions from curricula or coursebooks, most of which serve new words in semantic fields. The literature does not shed light on how to tackle that problem. Accordingly, this study involves three sets of classroom research conducted with 58 young EFL learners to investigate the effects of mnemonics on minimizing the interference of semantic clustering of new vocabulary. Within 15‐week course, one intact class was taught target words through mnemonics while the control group received similar instruction with sentence‐context method. The study results demonstrated that mnemonically‐instructed L2 learners outperformed on both immediate and delayed recognition of target words.
PH‐Triggered, Lymph Node Focused Immunodrug Release by Polymeric 2‐Propionic‐3‐Methyl‐maleic Anhydrides with Cholesteryl End Groups
Authors: Heck Alina G. , Medina‐Montano Carolina , Zhong Zifu , Deswarte Kim , Eigen Katharina , Stickdorn Judith , Kockelmann Johannes , Scherger Maximilian , Sanders Niek N. , Lienenklaus Stefan , Lambrecht Bart N. , Grabbe Stephan , De Geest Bruno G. , Nuhn Lutz
Published: September 2024

Gaining spatial control over innate immune activation is of great relevance during vaccine delivery and anticancer therapy, where one aims at activating immune cells at draining lymphoid tissue while avoiding systemic off‐target innate immune activation. Lipid‐polymer amphiphiles show high tendency to drain to lymphoid tissue upon local administration. Here, pH‐sensitive, cholesteryl end group functionalized polymers as stimuli‐responsive carriers are introduced for controlled immunoactivation of draining lymph nodes. Methacrylamide‐based monomers bearing pendant 2‐propionic‐3‐methylmaleic anhydride groups are polymerized by Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization using a cholesterol chain‐transfer agent (chol‐CTA). The amine‐reactive anhydrides are conjugated with various amines, however, while primary amines afforded irreversible imides, secondary amines provided pH‐responsive conjugates that are released upon acidification. This can be applied to fluorescent dyes for irreversibly carrier labeling or immunostimulatory Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonists as cargos for pH‐responsive delivery. Hydrophilization of remaining anhydride repeating units with short PEG‐chains yielded cholesteryl‐polymer amphiphiles that showed efficient cellular uptake and increased drug release at endosomal pH. Moreover, reversibly conjugated TLR 7/8 agonist amphiphiles efficiently drained to lymph nodes and increased the number of effectively maturated antigen‐presenting cells after subcutaneous injection in vivo. Consequently, cholesteryl‐linked methacrylamide‐based polymers with pH‐sensitive 2‐propionic‐3‐methylmaleic anhydride side groups provide ideal features for immunodrug delivery.
Microlens Encapsulation of Thixotropic Siloxane/Silica Nanocomposites for Highly Efficient and Reliable Micro‐Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Um Byung Jo , Kweon Hyungshin , Joo Jiho , Kang Seung‐Mo , Kim Seungwan , Choi Gwang‐Mun , Lee Chanmi , Eom Yong Sung , Choi Kwang‐Seong , Jang Junho , Bae Byeong‐Soo
Published: September 2024

Encapsulating materials for light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with optical‐grade polymeric resin is essential to protect from external environments and to improve light‐extraction efficiency (LEE) in micro‐scale LED (µ‐LED). In addition, the formation of microlens can further enhance the optical performance of µ‐LED. However, previously developed materials have limitations due to a lack of rheological properties and thermal stability. Here, the fabrication of sol–gel derived phenyl siloxane hybrid (PSH) that has a high refractive index (n), for use as an encapsulating material for µ‐LEDs is reported. Fumed silica nanoparticles (FSNs) are mixed with the PSH to yield siloxane/silica nanocomposites that have thixotropic properties, which enable the formation of microlens arrays. Optimizing the concentration of FSN in the nanocomposites yields a siloxane/silica nanocomposite that has a high n = 1.590 at 486 nm, high thixotropic index = 3.956, and increased optical haze (79.83% at 550 nm) makes light scattering. The use of PSH significantly increases the LEE of the LED (124.6% increase compared to an LED that does not use it). Finally, the siloxane/silica nanocomposite is used to direct‐dispense microlenses on µ‐LEDs in arrays. The encapsulation strategy can increase both the LEE and reliability of µ‐LEDs.
Net Zero Energy‐Ready Buildings: A Canadian Construction Perspective and Evaluation
Authors: Mohammed Noushad Ahamed Chittoor , Grewal Kuljeet Singh , Adesanya Misbaudeen Aderemi , Debnath Sudipta , Farooque Aitazaz A. , Selopal Gurpreet Singh
Published: September 2024

To attain net zero energy‐ready building (NZErB) status, various research efforts have focused on identifying potential strategies and creating stringent code compliances for builders. This review presents a comparative assessment of Canadian newly constructed, retrofitted, and potential retrofit buildings from the mid‐1900s to 1990, all aiming for NZErB status. 22 case studies from climate zones 5, 6, and 7a are evaluated, including 12 new constructions and 4 retrofitted, and 6 potential retrofit buildings. A life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis is conducted to understand the environmental impacts of different insulation materials. Additionally, this review highlights retrofitted buildings measures toward climate resilience, challenges inretrofitting, andstrategies for achieving high‐quality retrofits. The work concluded that 83.3% of new buildings achieved level 5 in thermal energy demand intensity (TEDI), while 70% of completed and potential retrofits reached level 5 in mechanical energy usage intensity (MEUI). Cellulose insulation showed the lowest global warming potential (GWP) at 12.07 kg CO₂‐e·m−3. By comparing the performance of new constructions with completed and potential retrofits, this review provides valuable insights into the feasibility and effectiveness of retrofitting older buildings to attain net zero energy readiness.
Strong Electron Coupling Effect of Prussian Blue Analogs Derived Ultrathin Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Wrapped Fe‐CoP for Enhanced Wide Spectrum Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Jing Jiejie , Wang Xue , Hao Xuqiang , Jin Zhiliang
Published: September 2024

With the advantages of large specific surface area and high porosity of general metal‐organic frame materials, russian blue analogs have broad application prospects in catalysis. In this work, a series of ultra‐thin N‐doped carbon coated Fe‐CoP (Fe‐CoP@NC) are prepared by phosphating Fe‐Co‐Co Prussian blue analogs (Fe‐Co‐Co PBA) in different degrees for the broad‐spectrum photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The results show that Fe‐CoP@NC‐3 has the highest photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 16.6 mmol h−1 g−1, which is 83 times greater than that of Fe‐Co‐Co PBA. The excellent stability of Fe‐CoP@NC‐3 is proved by cyclic experiments. The outstanding photocatalytic H2 production activity of Fe‐CoP@NC‐3 can be ascribed to the strong electron coupling effect between Fe‐CoP and N‐doped carbon layer. The photogenerated electrons of Fe‐CoP are transferred to the N‐doped carbon layer, which is electron transport mediator accelerating the electron transfer and synergetic improving the hydrogen evolution efficiency. This work provides an effective strategy for designing an ultra‐thin N‐doped carbon layer coated phosphide photocatalyst with strong electron coupling effect.
Employing Deep Neural Networks and High‐Throughput Computing for the Recognition and Prediction of Vein‐Like Structures
Authors: Niu Junbo , Chi Zhiyu , Wang Feilong , Miao Bin , Guo Jiaxu , Ding ZhiFeng , He Yin , Ma XinXin
Published: September 2024

In this investigation, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are leveraged to engineer a simple segmentation and recognition algorithm specialized for the delineation of complex, network‐like morphologies—often termed “vein‐like structures (VLSs)”—in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imagery. These intricate formations frequently appear during the nitriding treatment of medium‐ to high‐carbon alloy steels. To navigate the multifaceted characteristics of such architectures, CNN‐based methodologies are synergized with high‐throughput thermodynamic computations via Thermo‐Calc. This integration aims to quantify both the theoretical upper bounds and the actual values of the VLSs. By establishing deep neural network models for both theoretical upper bounds and actual measurements, the gap between thermodynamics and thermokinetics in the nitriding process is bridged. Applying this amalgamated predictive schema to 8Cr4Mo4V steel, a groundbreaking departure from conventional paradigms that exclusively depend on thermodynamic calculation‐based diffusion models is effectuated. The emergent model yields transformative implications for the metallurgical sector, paving the way for the refinement of future nitriding algorithms and enhancements in nitriding methodologies.
Force Measurement Technology of Vision‐Based Tactile Sensor
Authors: Fang Bin , Zhao Jie , Liu Nailong , Sun Yuhao , Zhang Shixin , Sun Fuchun , Shan Jianhua , Yang Yiyong
Published: September 2024

Marker‐type vision‐based tactile sensors (VTS) realize force sensing by calibrating marker vector information. The tactile visualization can provide high‐precision and multimodal force information to promote robotic dexterous manipulation development. Considering VTS's contribution to force measurement, this article reviews the advanced force measurement technologies of VTSs. First, the working principle of marker‐type VTSs is introduced, including single‐layer markers, double‐layer markers, color coding, and optical flow. Then, the relationship between the marker type and the category of force measurement is discussed in detail. On this basis, the process of marker feature extraction is summarized, including image processing and marker‐matching technologies. According to the learning approach, force measurement methods are classified into physical and deep learning models. Further, branches of each method are analyzed in terms of input types. Combined with measuring range and precision, the correlation of sensor design, materials, and recognition methods to force measurement performance is further discussed. Finally, the difficulties and challenges are analyzed, and future developments are proposed. This review aims to deepen understanding of the research progress and applications and provide a reference for the research community to promote technology generations in related fields.
Drug Discovery and Screening Tool Development for Tauopathies by Focusing on Pathogenic Tau Repeat 3 Oligomers
Authors: Yoon Soljee , Kim Hye Yun , Park Sohui , Cha Minhae , Kim Kyeonghwan , Lee Songmin , Kim JiMin , Bhang Saeyun , Kim YoungSoo
Published: September 2024

Comprehending early amyloidogenesis is essential for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. In tauopathies like Alzheimer's disease (AD), the abnormal accumulation of tau protein is initiated by pathological tau seeds. Mounting evidence implies that the microtubule binding domain, consisting of three to four repeats, plays a pivotal role in this process, yet the exact region driving the formation of pathogenic species needs to be further scrutinized. Here, we chemically synthesized individual tau repeats to identify those exhibiting pathogenic prion‐like characteristics. Notably, repeat 3 (R3) displayed a remarkable propensity to polymerize, form toxic filaments, and induce cognitive impairment, even in the absence of an aggregation‐promoting inducer, highlighting its physiological relevance. Additionally, oligomeric R3 was identified as a particularly pathological form, prompting the establishment of a screening platform. Through screening, tolcapone was found to possess therapeutic efficacy against pathological tau aggregates in PS19 transgenic mice. This screening platform provides a valuable avenue for identifying compounds that selectively interact with peptides implicated in the progression of tauopathies.
A Novel ⋅OH‐Monitor ER‐Targeted Probe to Expose the Function of Sorafenib
Authors: Kong Lingyu , Zhao Manfen , Zhu Xiaofei , Liu Jianfei , Zhang Di , Ye Yong
Published: September 2024

The hydroxyl radical (⋅OH), widely recognized as the most potent free radical, plays a crucial role in numerous physiological and pathological pathways due to its strong oxidizability.Ferroptosis, as a novel mode of cell death, is initiated by the accumulation of iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation. Among them, ⋅OH as the original reactive oxygen species (ROSs)is mass‐produced due to Fenton reaction in vivo and closely related to cancer treatment.Besides, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a membrane‐rich structure organelle, is a crucial organelle in all eukaryotes where excessive expression of ROSs, including ⋅OH can triggerER stress which was reported thatwasclosely related toferroptosis. So developing a new probe for their interrelationship research is important. In this paper, we constructed a1,8‐naphthalimide‐based ER‐targeted fluorescence probe named M‐1 to monitor ⋅OH variation in vitro and vivo. What's more, we achieved the monitor of ⋅OH during ER stress andferroptosis processesin cancer cells, andfurther explored the important role of ER stress and ferroptosis processes in SF (sorafenib) involved cancer cells.
How the persuasiveness of statistical evidence compared to personal testimonials depends on the recipient's distance from the message issue
Authors: Wieluch Marina I. , Praxmarer‐Carus Sandra
Published: September 2024

Statistical facts and personal testimonials (anecdotal evidence) are two common types of evidence used in health education, warning messages, and charitable appeals. While statistical evidence provides aggregated numerical information, messages that use anecdotal evidence typically describe an individual experience. Because research has not found a stable advantage of one type of evidence over the other, the literature has sought to identify moderators that predict when statistical or anecdotal evidence is more persuasive. This paper shows that the relative persuasiveness of statistical versus anecdotal evidence depends on the psychological distance between the message recipient and the message issue. An increase (decrease) in recipients' message‐issue distance increases the relative persuasiveness of statistical (anecdotal) evidence. In addition, we show that message‐issue distance determines how personally useful message recipients find statistical and anecdotal evidence. We also demonstrate that recipients' more abstract (concrete) thinking about the message issue prior to message exposure increases the persuasiveness of statistical (anecdotal) evidence. Based on our findings, we recommend that social marketers use statistical (anecdotal) evidence when the recipients' distance from the message issue is high (low) and the recipients' thinking about the message issue is abstract (concrete). Before deciding on the type of evidence, message designers may need to assess how abstract or concrete their target audience thinks about the message issue. The short measure used in Experiment 1b of this paper may be useful. It is adaptable to different message contexts and could easily be implemented in pretests to decide when to use statistical or anecdotal evidence.
Substrate‐Multiplexed Assessment of Aromatic Prenyltransferase Activity
Authors: Higgins Peyton M. , Wehrli Nicolette G. , Buller Andrew R.
Published: September 2024

An increasingly effective strategy to identify synthetically useful enzymes is to sample the diversity already present in Nature. Here, we construct and assay a panel of phylogenetically diverse aromatic prenyltransferases (PTs). These enzymes catalyze a variety of C−C bond forming reactions in natural product biosynthesis and are emerging as tools for synthetic chemistry and biology. Homolog screening was further empowered through substrate‐multiplexed screening, which provides direct information on enzyme specificity. We perform a head‐to‐head assessment of the model members of the PT family and further identify homologs with divergent sequences that rival these superb enzymes. This effort revealed the first bacterial O−Tyr PT and, together, provide valuable benchmarking for future synthetic applications of PTs.
Magnetic Nanoparticles and Radio Frequency Induction: From Specific Heating to Magnetically Induced Catalysis
Authors: Mazarío Jaime , Ghosh Sourav , Varela‐Izquierdo Víctor , Martínez‐Prieto Luis M. , Chaudret Bruno
Published: September 2024

This comprehensive review explores the potential of radio frequency (RF) induction heating in chemical reactions, explicitly focusing on magnetically induced catalysis using magnetic nanoparticles (NPs). We trace the recent historical progress of induction heating and highlight the advancements in liquid and gas‐phase reactions, particularly in its integration with heterogeneous catalysis. The review finds that induction heating profoundly impacts reaction kinetics, and selectivity, and can even reduce overpotentials in electrocatalytic processes. A final outlook unveils the challenges and opportunities associated with aspects such as fundamental research and reactor design, with a particular focus on expanding its use to higher pressures and necessary optimizations to improve energy efficiency. Moreover, it highlights the pressing need for standardized reporting in induction‐heated catalysis. The study underscores the significance of this brand‐new field in developing efficient and sustainable catalytic processes, which are essential for meeting the growing demand for clean energy and sustainable chemical production.
Engineering of Active Sites in Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Friedel–Crafts Alkylation
Authors: Lawrence Arputham Shophia , Sivakumar Balasubramanian , Rokhum Samuel Lalthazuala , Biswas Shyam , Cirujano Francisco G. , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi
Published: September 2024

Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction is one of the C─C bond forming reactions catalyzed by homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts possessing Lewis and Bronsted acids. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with Lewis acid/Bronsted acid sites or hydrogen bonding donor sites are potential catalysts to promote the widely employed Friedel–Crafts alkylation to form C─C bonds between arenes and electron‐poor olefins, alcohols, or alkyl bromides. Such acid‐active sites are present either at the organic linkers or inorganic clusters of the crystalline porous framework, resulting in well‐dispersed heterogeneous active sites able to compete with well‐established homogeneous minerals and organocatalysts. The available literature data are grouped based on the nature of active sites. Whenever possible, the comparison of the activity of MOFs with other heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts is provided to illustrate the possible benefits of MOFs compared to other catalysts. The concluding section provides our views and future developments in this field.
H/D Isotope Effects in the Electrochemistry of Electrochromic Iron Hexacyanoruthenate
Authors: Gerhards Lena , Brand Izabella , Wittstock Gunther
Published: September 2024

The electrochemical deposition of iron hexacyanoruthenate (Fe−HCR) on gold electrodes was studied in electrolytes prepared with light and heavy water. Cyclic voltammetry of the material during preparation and after transfer to a precursor‐free solution exhibits two reductions peaks in H2O‐based electrolytes but only one reduction peak in D2O‐based electrolytes. The voltammetric behavior changes reversibly upon transfer of the material between D2O‐based and H2O‐based 1 mol L−1 KCl solutions. No clear structural differences between samples prepared in D2O and H2O were detected by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM IRRAS). We noted a relatively slow exchange of coordinated water and a fast exchange of zeolitic water. Using voltammetric experiments we could rule out simple effects of solution conductivity for K+, participation of H+/D+ in the charge compensation and surface effects on the observed dependence of the peak splitting on the isotopic composition of the solvent. The most likely reason for the observed behavior is the different structure of the H‐bonded water network of coordinated H2O and zeolitic H2O/D2O which is supported by the PM IRRAS data.
A Novel Banana‐Shaped Mixed‐Metal Co/Fe Polyoxometalate Cluster
Authors: Quirós‐Huerta Javier , Troya José , Clemente‐León Miguel , Clemente‐Juan Juan Modesto , Coronado Eugenio , Soriano‐López Joaquín
Published: September 2024

The synthesis and characterization of a Co/Fe mixed‐metal banana‐shaped polyoxometalate with the formula [(Co2.5Fe0.5(H2O)PW9O34)2(PW6O26)]16− (Co5Fe) is reported. This transition‐metal‐substituted polyoxometalate readily assembles from its components in a one‐pot reaction and crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c. The structure of Co5Fe can be considered a double sandwich composed by two B‐α‐{Co2.5Fe0.5PW9O40} Keggin units, in which one coordinatively saturated octahedral metal position is equally occupied by Co(II) and Fe(III) ions with a 50 % of site occupancy. These Keggin units are linked via a hexalacunary Keggin unit {PW6O26}. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction and magnetic measurements support the proposed atom arrangement within the crystal structure. Magnetic measurements of these double trimeric unit {Co2.5Fe0.5O13}2 show a combination of antiferromagnetic interactions, the presence of spin frustration, and the first‐order spin‐orbit coupling of Co(II) ions. Electrocatalytic water oxidation measurements show that Co5Fe displays low stability in both homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions. This is evidenced by the constant increase on the catalytic currents over time together with the appearance of polyoxometalate‐derived electrode‐bound species that can be responsible for the observed catalytic activity.
Challenges and Modification Strategies on High‐Voltage Layered Oxide Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Yuesen , Zhang Tong , Song Zihao , Huang Yaohui , Li Fei , Chen Aibing , Li Fujun
Published: September 2024

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted great attention due to their advantages on resource abundance, cost and safety. Layered oxide cathodes (LOCs) of SIBs possess high theoretical capacity, facile synthesis and low cost, and are promising candidates for large scale energy storage application. Increasing operating voltage is an effective strategy to achieve higher specific capacity and also high energy density of SIBs. However, at high operating voltages, LOCs will undergo a series of phase transitions in bulk phase, leading to huge change of volume and layer spacings accompanied by severe lattice stress and cracking formation. Degeneration of surface also occurs between LOCs and electrolytes, resulting in sustained growth of cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) and release of O2 and CO2. These induce structural destruction and electrochemical performance degradation in high voltage regions. Recently, many strategies have been proposed to improve electrochemical performance of LOCs under high voltages, including bulk element doping, structural design, surface coating and gradient doping. This review describes pivotal challenges and occurrence mechanisms at high voltages, and summarizes strategies to improve stability of bulk and surface. Viewpoints will be provided to promote development of high energy density SIBs.
One‐Pot, Solvent Free Synthesis of 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid from Deep Eutectic Mixtures of Sugars as Mediated by Bifunctional Catalyst
Authors: Niakan Mahsa , Qian Chao , Zhou Shaodong
Published: September 2024

Currently one‐pot conversion of sugars to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is of significant interest due to the attainability of sugars as a feedstock and the enormous potential of FDCA as a bioplastic monomer. However, it remains challenging to construct efficient catalysts for this process. In this study, Co3O4 species were anchored to a sulfonated covalent organic framework thus affording a bifunctional catalyst (Co3O4@COF‐SO3H). The sulfonic acid sites dehydrate sugars to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which is next oxidized to FDCA as catalyzed by the Co3O4 species. Such a process was applied in the conversion of various binary and ternary deep eutectic mixtures involving choline chloride and sugars without additional solvent. The maximum FDCA yield of 84 % was obtained using glucose‐fructose eutectic mixture as the substrates. Moreover, the catalyst was recyclable and stable under the applied reaction conditions. Our process eliminates the employment of organic solvents and expensive noble metal catalysts, resulting in green and economic biomass conversions.
Understanding the social and emotional domains of physical literacy in post‐secondary education: A scoping review
Authors: Van Wyk Nadine , Lafave Mark , Lafave Lynne , Eubank Breda , Clark Marty , Christiansen Erik
Published: September 2024

While a variety of definitions persist, a common definition of physical literacy is that it encompasses the motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge and understanding to value and take responsibility for engagement in physical activities over the lifespan. While this perspective to physical literacy is broad, a great deal of curricular outcomes still focus on the physical competence, knowledge and understanding aspects of the framework leaving a gap in the holistic nature of the construct. This scoping review explores the construct of physical literacy within post‐secondary education, focusing on how social and emotional dimensions are integrated in teaching, delivery and assessment. This scoping review followed PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. Five online databases were used to identify papers published that used physical literacy in combination with post‐secondary as the educational setting with a focus on curriculum. The findings underscore a substantial gap in the literature. It was identified that the physical aspects of physical literacy were predominant with limited attention to the social and emotional domains. The gap implies that the comprehensive construct of physical literacy, which encompasses non‐physical facets, is often omitted in post‐secondary curricula. The review highlights an unexplored opportunity for post‐secondary institutions to intentionally construct more comprehensive physical literacy programmes. By incorporating social and emotional dimensions into these programmes, students gain a more holistic understanding of physical literacy. Subsequent research can delve into effective integration strategies and the potential benefits of such an approach.
Equine Doping Controls of Thymosin β$$ \beta $$4: A Population Study and Strategy for Misuse Detection
Authors: Delcourt Vivian , Garcia Patrice , Chabot Benjamin , Aber Nina , Pescher Mylène , Cacault Marie , Scholtes Priscilla , Loup Benoit , Barnabé Agnès , Popot Marie‐Agnès , Bailly‐Chouriberry Ludovic
Published: September 2024

Thymosin 4 (TB4) is a ubiquitous, highly conserved and abundant peptide among mammals with a critical role in cytoskeleton organization. In spite of its yet non‐authorized use as a medicine and being forbidden by the IFHA, the FEI, and the WADA, intelligence and doping control laboratories reported numerous products available online claiming to contain a synthetic acetylated fragment of TB4 or TB4 itself, promoted as a growth factor with regenerative properties. In this article, the first estimation of the endogenous TB4 concentration in racing horses’ blood samples was performed through a population study. We reveal that this concentration does not significantly depend on gender, age, nor horse breed. We highlight that the TB4 concentration increases significantly and rapidly in plasma stored at 4°C when not separated from blood cells due to cell lysis. Finally, we also demonstrate that the detection of a non‐natural synthesis impurity is possible in equine plasma after a single dose administration of a TB4 containing product to a horse.
Pd‐Catalyzed Cyclization of o‐Iodoanilines with Acrylates or Acrylic Acids: A Convenient One‐Step Route to 2‐Quinolinones
Authors: Chen Xia , Liu Chun‐Yan , Zhou Jia‐Hui , Zhou Xiao‐Yu
Published: September 2024

A convenient and general method for the construction of 2‐quinolinones was developed in this paper. The Pd‐catalyzed cyclization reaction of various o‐iodoanilines with acrylates or acrylic acids proceeded smoothly to produce 2‐quinolinones in 28–>99 % yields. The key to achieve the cyclization reaction is to utilize suitable base, such as potassium pivalate and potassium acetate. Various synthetically useful functional groups, such as halogen atoms, methoxycarbonyl, and nitro groups, remained intact during the reaction. The effects of catalyst and base on this cyclization reaction and kinetic experiments were investigated to understand the aspect of the reaction.
Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of Gene‐Environment Interaction Research
Authors: Calluori Stephanie , Heimke Kaitlin Kirkpatrick , Caga‐anan Charlisse , Kaufman David , Mechanic Leah E. , McAllister Kimberly A.
Published: September 2024

Many complex disorders are impacted by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. In gene‐environment interactions (GxE), an individual's genetic and epigenetic makeup impacts the response to environmental exposures. Understanding GxE can impact health at the individual, community, and population levels. The rapid expansion of GxE research in biomedical studies for complex diseases raises many unique ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSIs) that have not been extensively explored and addressed. This review article builds on discussions originating from a workshop held by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) in January 2022, entitled: “Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of Gene‐Environment Interaction Research.” We expand upon multiple key themes to inform broad recommendations and general guidance for addressing some of the most unique and challenging ELSI in GxE research. Key takeaways include strategies and approaches for establishing sustainable community partnerships, incorporating social determinants of health and environmental justice considerations into GxE research, effectively communicating and translating GxE findings, and addressing privacy and discrimination concerns in all GxE research going forward. Additional guidelines, resources, approaches, training, and capacity building are required to further support innovative GxE research and multidisciplinary GxE research teams.
Efficacy and mechanism of action of ginsenoside Rg3 on radiation proctitis in rats
Authors: Li Xuxia , Lin Lili , Duan Xiaoyu , Dai Jiuju , Hu Tingting , Cai Hongyi
Published: September 2024

Objective

Radiation proctitis (RP) refers to rectal injury caused by radiation treatment of pelvic and retroperitoneal malignancies, which has a major impact on the treatment prognosis and quality of life of patients with cancer. The tetracyclic triterpene saponin monomer ginsenoside Rg3 (GRg3), the primary bioactive ingredient in ginseng extracts, has therapeutic effects against RP in rats. Here, we validated its efficacy and elucidated its mechanism of action.

Methods

A rat RP model was established in 48 Wistar rats. Rats were randomly divided into control (untreated), irradiation, irradiation + dexamethasone, and irradiation + GRg3 (low‐, medium‐, and high‐dose) groups. After 2 weeks' treatment, serum IL‐4, IL‐10, and TNF‐α levels were tested by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. In rectal tissue, Ikbkb, Ikka, and Casp8 mRNA expression was detected by a reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. IKK‐β, IκB‐α, p‐IκB‐α, p50, and caspase‐8 protein levels were determined by western blot analysis.

Results

GRg3 significantly improved the general condition and histopathological damage in rats with RP. Moreover, GRg3 decreased the levels of factors that promote inflammation (TNF‐α) and increased the levels of factors that reduce inflammation (IL‐4 and IL‐10). GRg3 markedly reduced the activation of NF‐κB and caspase‐8 signaling pathways.

Conclusions

Thus, GRg3 may reduce the inflammatory response by blocking the NF‐κB signaling pathway and improving the balance of inflammation‐related factors. GRg3 may also inhibit intestinal cell apoptosis by suppressing the TNF‐α/caspase‐8 signaling cascade, thereby reducing radiological rectal injury. Our results verify that GRg3 is a promising therapeutic agent for RP treatment and shed light on its mechanism.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with antibody‐related autoimmune encephalitis presenting with disorders of consciousness: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Shan Dawei , Zhang Huimin , Cui Lili , Chai Shuting , Chen Weibi , Liu Gang , Tian Fei , Fan Linlin , Yang Le , Zhang Yan
Published: September 2024

Objective

To explore the clinical characteristics, short‐ and long‐term functional outcomes, and risk factors for antibody‐related autoimmune encephalitis (AE) in patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC).

Methods

Clinical data were collected from AE patients admitted to Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2012 to December 2021, and patients were followed up for up to 24 months after immunotherapy.

Results

A total of 312 patients with AE were included: 197 (63.1%) with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis, 71 (22.8%) with anti‐LGI1 encephalitis, 20 (6.4%) with anti‐GABAbR encephalitis, 10 (3.2%) with anti‐CASPR2 encephalitis, 10 (3.2%) with anti‐GAD65 encephalitis, and 4 (1.3%) with anti‐AMPAR2 encephalitis. Among these patients, 32.4% (101/312) presented with DoC, and the median (interquartile range, IQR) time to DoC was 16 (7.5, 32) days. DoC patients had higher rates of various clinical features of AE (p < .05). DoC was associated with elevated lumbar puncture cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, CSF leukocyte count, and specific antibody titer (p < .05). A high percentage of patients in the DoC group had a poor prognosis at discharge and at 6 months after immunotherapy (p < .001), but no significant difference in prognosis was noted between the DoC group and the non‐DoC group at 12 and 24 months after immunotherapy. Dyskinesia (OR = 3.266, 95% CI: 1.550–6.925, p = .002), autonomic dysfunction (OR = 5.871, 95% CI: 2.574–14.096, and p < .001), increased CSF pressure (OR = 1.007, 95% CI: 1.001–1.014, p = .046), and modified Rankin scale (mRS) score ≥3 at the initiation of immunotherapy (OR = 7.457, 95% CI: 3.225–18.839, p < .001) were independent risk factors for DoC in AE patients.

Conclusion

DoC is a relatively common clinical symptom in patients with AE, especially critically ill patients. Despite requiring longer hospitalization, DoC mostly improves with treatment of the primary disease and has a good long‐term prognosis after aggressive life support and combination immunotherapy.
Finance research over 40 years: What can we learn from machine learning?
Authors: Liu Po‐Yu , Wang Zigan
Published: September 2024

We apply machine learning models to a universe of 20,185 finance articles published between 1976 and 2015 on 17 finance journals, and objectively identify 38 research topics. The financial crisis, hedge/mutual fund, social network, and culture were the fastest growing topics, while market microstructure, initial public offering, and option pricing shrank most from 2006 to 2015. We also list each topic's most cited papers, and present the fastest‐growing topics among the universe of 130,547 SSRN working papers. Moreover, we find a bibliometric regularity: the number of researchers covering n topics is about twice the number of researchers covering n + 1 topics.
Drugs in focus: Botulinum toxin in the therapy of gastrointestinal disorders in children
Authors: Homan Matjaž , Thomson Mike , Bontems Patrick , Saccomani Marco Deganello , Dias Jorge Amil , Faraci Simona , Furlano Raoul , Hojsak Iva , Ledder Oren , Slae Mordechai , Narula Priya , Nita Andreia Florina , Norsa Lorenzo , Oliva Salvatore , Papadopoulou Alexandra , Romano Claudio , Rybak Anna , Spyropoulou Vasiliki , Tambucci Renato , Tzivinikos Christos , van Wijk Michiel , Borrelli Osvaldo ,   Endoscopy SIG and Motility SIG of ESPGHAN Organisation
Published: September 2024

What is Known

Botulinum toxin (BoNT) causes muscle relaxation by inhibiting acetylcholine release from presynaptic motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction.

What is New

In children with achalasia, BoNT can be considered only in patients in whom rapid weight gain is important to improve surgical outcomes.

BoNT has been suggested for treating cricopharyngeal achalasia and delayed gastric emptying.

Anal achalasia and constipation after Hirschsprung disease corrective surgery are very promising indications for BoNT use.

In selected children with resistant type of functional constipation and chronic anal fissure, BoNT is a viable option for treating.
Dietary supplementation of distiller's grains yeast cultures improves performance and immunity by altering the intestinal flora of broilers
Authors: Hou Linsong , Malyar Rahmani Mohammad , Ding Wei , Shoura Hytham Elsaid , Yuan Yunwei , Chen Jian , Shi Fangxiong , Wei Quanwei
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Distiller's grains are a by‐product of liquor production with a higher yield than liquor. Developing and utilizing distiller's grains well could alleviate the problem of scarce feed resources. Our present experiment was conducted with 6000 yellow‐feathered broilers to study the effects of adding distiller's grains yeast cultures (DGYC) to the diet on growth performance and immunity of broilers. The broilers were divided into five groups, receiving different DGYC concentrations during two stages. Growth performance, intestinal microorganisms and immune organ development were measured.

RESULTS

The results showed that groups B and D, supplemented with medium and high concentrations of DGYC, respectively, had significantly improved growth performance compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Group D also showed higher immune organ index (P < 0.01), increased serum total protein, high‐density lipoprotein and immunoglobulin levels (P < 0.05) and lower levels of low‐density lipoprotein, triglycerides, interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor α (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin and eosin staining confirmed improved immune organ development in group D (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in high‐concentration group D, levels of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA; acetic, propionic and butyric acids) in cecal chyme were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The richness (Chao1) and diversity (Faith‐pd) index of cecal microbiota were significantly higher in group D compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The microbial composition in group D differed from the control and medium‐concentration group B. Seven bacteria (Clostridia‐UCG‐014, UCG‐009, DTU089, UCG‐010, Campylobacter, Harryflintia, Shuttleworthia) showed significant differences (P < 0.05). After DGYC feeding, DTU089 decreased, while other SCFA‐producing bacteria increased (P < 0.05). Subsequently, KEGG function and corresponding signal pathway predictions were performed on bacteria with significant differences. Group D exhibited a higher enrichment of immune function pathways (P < 0.01) and showed significant changes in four immune signaling pathways according to the signal pathway heatmap.

CONCLUSION

Our data suggest that high concentrations of DGYC can be applied as a feed additive for broilers that promotes growth, improves intestinal health and enhances certain immunity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The modulatory effect of oat on brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, orexigenic neuropeptides, and dopaminergic signaling in obesity‐induced rat model: a comparative study to orlistat
Authors: Ehab Madonna , Omran Nayra , Handoussa Heba
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Obesity is a non‐communicable complex disease that is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. According to a novel viewpoint, the brain plays a significant role in the central regulation of satiety and energy homeostasis. Because of its rich nutritional profile and versatile uses, oat (Avena sativa) is one of the most popular functional foods recommended by many nutritionists. The anti‐obesity effect of oat was hypothesized, focusing on the brain as the target organ. In the current study, the interplay between brain biomarkers, obesity, and its related complications was evaluated in diet‐induced obese rats for 25 weeks, in which 60 adult male white albino Wistar rats were divided into three control and seven treatment groups given oat extracts in a dose‐dependent manner.

RESULTS

Oat significantly improved obesity‐related metabolic complications. In terms of brain function, oat significantly increased dopaminergic signaling, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor levels, vaspin, irisin, and uncoupling protein‐1 brain levels, while decreasing the expression of agouti‐related peptide and neuropeptide Y (P‐value < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The current study proposes oat supplementation as a new conceptual framework with numerous implications for hedonic and homeostatic mechanisms that control satiety. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.