bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF INFORMATION UPDATING OF THE ATMOSPHERIC GASES ABSORPTION LINE PARAMETERS ON THE RESULTS OF SIMULATION OF THE IR RADIATIVE FLUXES IN THE ATMOSPHERE
Authors: ЧЕСНОКОВА Т.Ю. , ФИРСОВ К.М.
Published: September 2024

Точность расчета радиационных характеристик в задачах прогноза климата зависит от качества используемой спектроскопической информации. Современные спектроскопические базы данных по параметрам линий атмосферных газов и модели континуального поглощения периодически обновляются, поэтому необходимо проводить оценки, насколько существенны эти обновления при решении задач переноса излучения в атмосфере Земли и потребуют ли эти обновления модернизации радиационных блоков климатических моделей.В работе проведены массовые расчеты нисходящих и восходящих ИК-потоков для метеорологических условий, наблюдаемых в летние месяцы в Нижнем Поволжье и зимние месяцы в Новосибирске, а также для среднезональных метеомоделей. Выполнено сравнение потоков и скоростей радиационного выхолаживания на различных уровнях в атмосфере, вычисленных с новыми версиями спектроскопических баз HITRAN и GEISA и предыдущими версиями. Показано, что различие в параметрах линий поглощения в спектроскопических базах данных приводит к погрешности менее 0,7 Вт/м2 (0,3%) при моделировании интегральных ИК-потоков в диапазоне 0-3000 см-1, при этом относительные различия в спектральных потоках, вычисленных с умеренным разрешением (20 см-1), составляют до 10%. Выявлены атмосферные газы и спектральные интервалы, дающие наибольший вклад в погрешности моделирования ИК-потоков за счет неопределенностей исходной спектроскопической информации.

An impact of uncertainties of the atmospheric gases absorption line parameters in the modern spectroscopic databases on the longwave fluxes simulation in the atmosphere is estimated. The mass calculations of downward and upward IR fluxes are carried out for meteorological conditions observed in summer months in the Lower Volga Region and winter months in Novosibirsk and for average zonal meteorological models. The radiative fluxes and cooling rates at different levels of the atmosphere calculated with use of new versions of HITRAN and GEISA spectroscopic databases and its previous versions are compared. It is shown that the difference in absorption line parameters in the spectroscopic databases leads to an error less than 0.7 W/m2 (0.3%) in the simulated integral fluxes in the 0-3000 cm-1 region, at that the relative differences in the spectral fluxes calculated with moderate spectral resolution (20 cm-1) are up to 10%. The atmospheric gases and spectral intervals contributing more to the errors in the IR fluxes simulations due to uncertainties of initial spectroscopic information are revealed.
A NEW SOURCE OF SULFATES IN THE ATMOSPHERE
Authors: ЕРМАКОВ А.Н. , АЛОЯН А.Е. , АРУТЮНЯН В.О. , ПРОНЧЕВ Г.Б.
Published: September 2024

Рассматриваются данные мониторинга сульфатов в частицах атмосферной дымки над Пекином зимой 2016 г. Установлено, что источником сульфатов в увлажненных частицах дымки служит каталитическое окисление диоксида серы молекулярным кислородом с участием ионов переходных металлов, SO2(газ)Mn/Fe,O2→SO2-4(aq), которое осуществляется в разветвленном режиме. Обсуждаются концентрационные условия этого процесса и особенности его динамики в атмосфере. Выявленное в работе согласие результатов расчетов содержания SO2-4(aq) в частицах с данными мониторинга указывает на существование разветвленного режима каталитической конверсии SO2 (газ) в атмосфере - нового источника сульфатов. Этот быстрый нефотохимический канал следует учитывать при инвентаризации источников сульфатов в глобальной атмосфере.

Monitoring data on sulfates in atmospheric haze particles over Beijing in winter 2016 are considered. It has been established that the source of sulfates in humidified haze particles is the catalytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO2(газ)Mn/Fe,O2→SO2-4(aq)) proceeding in a branched mode. Concentration conditions of this process and the features of its dynamics in the atmosphere are discussed. The agreement between the calculated content of in particles and monitoring data indicates a branched mode of catalytic conversion of SO2 in the atmosphere - a new source of sulfates. This fast non-photochemical channel should be taken into account in inventory system of sulfate sources in the global atmosphere.
NITRIC ACID PROCESSING OF SERPENTENITES FROM THE KARAKALPAK DEPOSIT
Authors: САПАРОВА Г.Д. , КУЧАРОВ Б.Х. , ДЖАНДУЛЛАЕВА М.С. , ЭРКАЕВ А.У. , ЗАКИРОВ Б.С.
Published: September 2024

Разработаны физико-химические основы технологии азотнокислотной переработки серпентинита Каракалпакского месторождения с получением чистого нитрата магния и магнийсодержащего азотного сложного удобрения. Изучен химический и минералогический состав серпентинита Каракалпакского месторождения. Рентгенофазовым, микроскопическим и термогравиметрическим методами анализа установлено, что образец серпентинита содержит клиноэнстатит, пироп, шпинель, магнетиты и другие минералы с различной кристаллической структурой. Приведены данные по извлечению компонентов серпентинита в азотной кислоте путем разложения при различных условиях (температура, продолжительность, концентрация азотной кислоты). Осуществлены последующие стадии обработки азотнокислотной вытяжки: удаление кремнеземистого остатка, аммонизация фильтрата с целью осаждения нежелательных примесей для получения нитрата магния. Изучен процесс упаривания и кристаллизации фильтрата с получением чистого нитрата магния.

Physicochemical foundations for the technology of nitrogen acid processing of serpentinite from the Karakalpak deposit with the formation of pure magnesium nitrate and magnesium-containing compound fertiliser are developed. The chemical and mineralogical composition of serpentinite from the Karakalpak deposit is studied. As determined by X-ray diffraction analysis, microscopic and thermogravimetric studies, serpentinite sample contains clinoenstatite, pyrope, spinel, magnetites and other minerals with various crystal structures. Data on the extraction of serpentinite components in nitric acid by decomposition under different conditions (temperature, duration, nitric acid concentration) are presented. The subsequent stages of nitric acid extract processing have been carried out: removal of silica residue, ammonisation of the filtrate in order to precipitate undesirable impurities to obtain magnesium nitrate. The process of evaporation and crystallization of the filtrate to obtain pure magnesium nitrate has been studied.
TRANSBAIKALIA AS A COMMUNICATIONS HUB WITH THE OUTSIDE WORLD: POTENTIAL AND RISKS
Authors: СЫСОЕВА Н.М.
Published: September 2024

В статье представлена оценка роли Забайкалья в российском экономическом пространстве и показан его потенциал развития в новых геополитических условиях. Забайкалье, входящее в число приоритетных геостратегических территорий, является связующим звеном между Дальним Востоком и остальной частью России, а также воротами главного сухопутного коридора вглубь азиатского материка. Рассмотрен характер торгового и финансового взаимодействия Забайкалья с Китаем и Монголией в рамках экономического коридора Китай - Монголия - Россия, его собственный потенциал развития в условиях расширения бизнеса из сопредельных стран. Исследование опирается на таможенную и банковскую информацию, статистику предприятий. Отмечены низкий уровень экономической активности местных сообществ в Забайкалье по сравнению с партнерами по экономическому коридору, пери- ферийность региона в федеральных стратегиях развития макрорегионов, преобладание взаимодействия в северном направлении, т.е. из Китая в Россию. Ставится вопрос о приоритете развития данной территории на федеральном уровне, что позволит обеспечить экономическую безопасность в условиях активизации азиатского направления взаимодействия страны с внешним миром.

This article assesses the role of Transbaikalia in the Russian economic space and explores its development potential in the new geopolitical landscape. Transbaikalia, identified as a key geostrategic region, serves as a vital link between the Far East and the rest of Russia. Moreover, it acts as a gateway to the primary land corridor extending deep into the Asian mainland. The study explores the trade and financial interactions of Transbaikalia with China and Mongolia, particularly within the China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor, as well as its own potential for development through increased business activities with neighboring countries. The analysis draws upon customs data, banking information, and business statistics. It highlights a lower level of economic activity within local communities in Transbaikalia when compared to partners along the economic corridor. Furthermore, it emphasizes the peripheral position of Transbaikalia in federal strategies for macroregional development and the prevailing pattern of interaction in the northern direction, i.e., from China to Russia. This raises the issue of prioritizing the development of this region at the federal level, which is crucial for ensuring economic security amid the intensifying Asian direction of the country’s global engagement.
STRUCTURAL, INSTITUTIONAL, AND SPATIAL FACTORS IN THE OPERATION OF NOVOSIBIRSK OBLAST ENTERPRISES
Authors: КОЛОМАК Е.А.
Published: September 2024

В статье исследуется влияние структурных, институциональных и пространственных факторов на показатели функционирования бизнеса в регионе. Исследование опиралось на информацию о предприятиях Новосибирской области за 2019-2020 гг., представленную в базе данных СПАРК-Интерфакс. Эмпирический анализ выполнен с помощью регрессионных моделей, использован подход на основе расширенной производственной функции, в рамках которого наряду с активами и оплатой труда оценивалось влияние на выручку и прибыль предприятий таких факторов, как отраслевая принадлежность, возраст фирмы, форма собственности, расстояние до региональной столицы. Оценки выявили более высокие показатели производительности и рентабельности у частных предприятий и молодого бизнеса, что является аргументом в пользу поддержки предпринимательства и новых фирм в регионе. Более высокие продуктивность и прибыльность бизнеса в промышленности и сфере услуг по сравнению с сельским хозяйством свидетельствуют о целесообразности помощи аграрному сектору. Результаты анализа показали значимый вклад агломерационных эффектов в результаты работы фирм Новосибирской области, который сопоставим со среднероссийскими оценками, и это говорит о запросе на реализацию транспортных и инфраструктурных проектов, снижающих издержки взаимодействия бизнеса.

This article investigates how structural, institutional, and spatial factors influence business performance in Novosibirsk Oblast. The study utilizes data from the SPARK-Interfax database for the years 2019-2020, focusing on enterprises in the region. The empirical analysis employed regression models and an extended production function approach to examine how various factors influence enterprise revenue and profit. In addition to assets and labor remuneration, the study assessed the impact of factors such as industry affiliation, firm age, ownership form, and distance to the regional capital. The findings reveal that private businesses and young firms demonstrate higher productivity and profitability, underscoring the importance of supporting entrepreneurship and new ventures in the region. Furthermore, industrial and service businesses outperform the agricultural sector, suggesting targeted assistance for agriculture may be warranted. The analysis highlights the significant contribution of agglomeration effects to firm performance in Novosibirsk Oblast, comparable to national averages. This emphasizes the need for transport and infrastructure projects that reduce the cost of business interactions.
RUSSIAN OLD AGE
Authors: ЛЕКСИН В.Н.
Published: September 2024

Предметное поле этой статьи - старение и старость как естественные и необратимые процессы функционирования постоянно возрастающей части населения. Эти процессы физиологически сходны во всем мире, но в социальном отношении и в типичных житейских ситуациях они существенно различаются в зависимости от демографической и социально-экономической специфики государств, от традиций и общественного самосознания разных народов, и российская старость - наглядное этому подтверждение. В статье показаны ограниченные возможности граждан России дожить до глубокой старости и противоречия между политическими декларациями о деятельной старости и реалиями возрастной дискриминации. Отмечены причины и устойчивость негативного восприятия российских домов престарелых. Обсуждаются побудительные мотивы откладывания пожилыми людьми средств на собственное погребение и расширения практики наследственных завещаний. Рассмотрены попытки сопротивления признакам старения и представления о медико-технологических перспективах обретения физического бессмертия. В связи с последним излагаются некоторые соображения о том, «сколько нужно жить».

This article explores aging and old age as the natural and irreversible processes within an increasingly large segment of the population. While these processes share physiological similarities worldwide, their social implications and everyday experiences vary significantly depending on the country’s demographics and socio-economic factors, as well as the cultural traditions and social consciousness of different peoples. Russian old age serves as a compelling case study illustrating these differences. The article shows the challenges Russian citizens face in achieving a long and healthy life, highlighting the stark contrast between political rhetoric promoting active aging and the realities of age discrimination. It also delves into the reasons behind the negative perceptions of Russian nursing homes and their prevalence. The research discusses the motivations of elderly individuals to save for their own funerals, as well as the growing practice of creating hereditary wills. Furthermore, it examines efforts to combat the signs of aging and contemplates the medical and technological prospects for achieving physical immortality. In light of the latter, the article also explores considerations on “how long one should aim to live."
Bi-Level Optimization to Enhance Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Planning
Authors: Moreno Juan José , Puertas-Martín Savíns , Redondo Juana L. , Ortigosa Pilar M. , Zawadzka Anna , Kukołowicz Pawel , Szmurło Robert , Kaliszewski Ignacy , Miroforidis Janusz , Garzón Ester M.
Published: September 2024

Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy is an effective cancer treatment. Models based on the Generalized Equivalent Uniform Dose (gEUD) provide radiation plans with excellent planning target volume coverage and low radiation for organs at risk. However, manual adjustment of the parameters involved in gEUD is required to ensure that the plans meet patient-specific physical restrictions. This paper proposes a radiotherapy planning methodology based on bi-level optimization. We evaluated the proposed scheme in a real patient and compared the resulting irradiation plans with those prepared by clinical planners in hospital devices. The results in terms of efficiency and effectiveness are promising.
Pacientų, sergančių Vernerio sindromu, odos opų chirurginis gydymas: literatūros apžvalga
Authors: Radavičiūtė Viltė
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Werner’s syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterised by premature ageing phenotypes, inclu­ding skin ulcers resistant to conservative treatment. Purpose. To review the cases of surgical treatment of skin ulcers in patients with Werner’s syndrome published in the scientific literature. Methods. Scientific articles were searched using Google Scholar, PubMed and DeepDyve databases, applying the keyword “ulcer” and the word combination “Werner’s syndrome”. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 scientific publications were included in the review. Results. Depending on the location and nature of the ulcers in patients with Werner’s syndrome, different surgical options are available, with different surgical outcomes, such as partial or complete ulcer healing, non-healing or recurrence. Conclusions. In skin grafting, ulcers are more likely to heal incompletely or temporarily. Therefore additional treatment options can be used such as vacuum negative pressure therapy, Kirschner wires or removal of the upper layer of bone. Other grafts, such as artificial skin, are more reliable, especially in large joint areas. However, a critical assessment of each individual case is necessary before choosing surgical treatment, as these patients have different degrees of tissue blood flow, muscle atrophy and general condition.
CHITOSAN INHIBITS THE IN VITRO DEVELOPMENT OF Colletotrichum SP. FROM BANANA (Musa x paradisiaca L.) FRUITS
Authors: Ochoa- Jiménez Veronica Alheli , Berumen-Varela Guillermo , Balois-Morales Rosendo , Bautista-Rosales Pedro Ulises , Chacón-López Martina Alejandra , Gutierrez-Martinez Porfirio
Published: September 2024

The banano (Musa x paradisiaca L.) is a tropical fruit, susceptible to infection by Colletotrichum sp. Fungicides are the most typical approach for controlling postharvest infections. Concerns regarding its negative impact on human health and the environment have prompted the quest for alternate remedies. Because of its antimicrobial activity, chitosan is an environmentally friendly alternative. This study aimed to determine the influence of chitosan on the in vitro development of Colletotrichum sp. isolated from banana fruits. Inhibition mycelial growth, spore concentration and spore germination were evaluated in three chitosan concentrations, 0.5 %, 1.0 % and 1.5 %. Optical, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine the impact of chitosan on spore growth and morphology. We observed that chitosan solutions inhibited Colletotrichum species in vitro. Chitosan at 1.5 % significantly decreased the percentage of mycelial growth inhibition and spore concentration in comparison with the control. Compared to the control, a concentration of 1.5 % chitosan considerably decreased the mycelial growth and spore concentration. In addition, a complete inhibition of spore germination and a low mycelium content was observed with 1.0% and 1.5% chitosan, controlling the in vitro development of Colletotrichum sp. in banana fruits.
THE DOSE-DEPENDENT EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE AND BETAINE ON TELOMERASE ENZYME ACTIVITY IN MICE
Authors: Tikirdik Muazzez , Mutlu Ayse Gul , Alkan Irem , Yildiz Hulya , Korkmaz Didem , Topal Aykut
Published: September 2024

The telomerase enzyme, which extends the Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) regions called telomeres at the ends of the chromosomes, has an important place in aging, cancer and stem cell studies. In this study, the effects of betaine and caffeine on telomerase enzyme activity in mice were investigated. Telomerase activity was measured by a Polymerase Chain Reaction-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (PCR-ELISA) based method. The activity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase enzymes in the liver and kidney and the amount of Malondialdehyde (MDA) were also investigated. The results show that betaine has a slightly inhibitory effect (not significant) on telomerase activity, especially at high doses. Caffeine may act as an inhibitor in high doses but may have an activator effect at low doses. Also, it was observed that SOD and Catalase enzyme activities were parallel to the increase/decrease in telomerase enzyme activity in the liver.
Etiquetado, consumo responsable y sostenible de alimentos: la percepción del consumidor en Costa Rica
Authors: Gómez Castillo David , Barrantes Aguilar Luz , Quesada Quesada Yuliana
Published: September 2024

Introducción. Durante las últimas décadas, se ha observado un creciente interés por parte de las personas consumidoras en productos agroalimentarios sostenibles. Debido a esto, han surgido normativas voluntarias que se han convertido en una herramienta para promover la sostenibilidad en la producción y consumo en las cadenas de valor agroalimentarias. Objetivo. Evaluar el perfil de las personas consumidoras y el grado de conocimiento sobre sellos de sostenibilidad de los productos agrícolas en los mercados costarricenses. Materiales y métodos. Durante los meses de octubre y noviembre de 2021, se llevó a cabo una encuesta virtual a nivel nacional a través de la plataforma Qualtrics de la que se recopilaron 397 respuestas válidas. Los sellos de sostenibilidad considerados fueron certificaciones de producción orgánica, comercio justo, denominación de origen, marca país-esencial Costa Rica y carbono neutral. Se empleó el modelo de regresión de Poisson (PRM) para estudiar el comportamiento de las variables, con el software Stata versión 16.0. Resultados. El sello Esencial Costa Rica es el más reconocido. Las personas que residen en el Gran Área Metropolitana (GAM) están más familiarizadas con diversos sellos. La variable ingreso resultó ser un factor significativo; aquellos con ingresos más altos tienden a identificar y valorar más los sellos de sostenibilidad. El nivel de conocimiento y consumo de productos certificados aumentan cuando la persona consumidora posee algún vínculo con el sector agropecuario Conclusiones. El interés de las personas en productos certificados, no se ve refleado en el comportamiento de compra debido en parte al precio de los productos, falta de confianza o exceso de información en las etiquetas. Los hallazgos del estudio permiten a las empresas definir sus estrategias de comercialización según las características de los consumidores de estos productos diferenciados.
Jasmonate and salicylic sprays improve cherry tomato fruit productivity and quality in unheated greenhouses
Authors: Essa Bassim Almass , Alwan Othman Khalid
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Arable regions often have insufficient soil nutrients, which means that fertilizers must be used. However, using fertilizers excessively can harm the environment, human health, and food safety. Natural growth regulators derived from plants are environmentally friendly and reasonably priced. Salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) phytohormones are crucial for enhancing plant biomass, quality, productivity, and resistance to environmental stresses. Objective. To evaluate the foliar effect of MeJA and SA on fruit quality and production of cvs. colorful tomato under greenhouse conditions. Materials and methods. The trial was carried out in the University of Diyala, Iraq, from 1 December, 2022 to 5 June 2023. Foliar of 0, 200 mg/L SA and or 200 mg/L MeJA was evaluated to determine effects on fruit quality and production of colorful cherry tomato cultivars indeterminate: LA4013, LA353, LA2921, LA3899 and IQ2, with a randomized complete block design with each treatment having three replicates. Results. The cv. IQ2 had the heaviest fruit (82.13 g), highest yield (4.56 kg/plant), total yield (4.56 t/house) and highest treatable acidity (0.62 %). The cv. LA4013 had a higher fruit number (612.88 fruit/plant) and the highest total soluble solids (2.933 %). Foliar of SA at 200 mg/L had the highest chlorophyll index (36.68 SPAD) highest fruits per plant (373.73), highest yield (3.15 kg/plant) and total yield (3.93 t/house). Conclusion. When considering all variables together, the best genotypes were IQ2 and LA4013, which were found to be superior to the other genotypes in quality and yield trials. The 200 mg/L foliar SA improved the yield and quality of cherry tomatoes under greenhouse conditions.
Percepciones de estudiantes de agronomía sobre ética, bienestar animal y entretenimiento basado en animales
Authors: Valverde Anthony , González Jose A. , Sevilla Francisco , Mora Sara , Vargas Celso , Castro Olivier
Published: September 2024

Introducción. Los estudiantes universitarios de agronomía reconocen la importancia de la producción animal para satisfacer los requerimientos nutricionales de la sociedad, sin embargo, existe un vacío epistemológico respecto al uso de animales en actividades recreativas. Objetivo. Explorar las percepciones éticas y bioéticas de estudiantes de Licenciatura en Agronomía del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR), respecto al bienestar animal y la utilización de animales bovinos en actividades de entretenimiento. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una encuesta a la población de estudiantes activos de la carrera de Ingeniería en Agronomía del ITCR durante el 2023, para evaluar las percepciones sobre el bienestar animal y el uso ético de animales en actividades recreativas. La aplicación del instrumento permitió describir las características del fenómeno observado en relación con las percepciones que tuvieron los estudiantes sobre bienestar animal. Se analizó la información mediante una prueba t para examinar si las medias de dos grupos independientes fueron significativamente diferentes entre sí. Resultados. Hubo un nivel de preocupación alto por el bienestar animal en la población estudiantil (70,8 %, n = 102; p<0,001). Además, esta preocupación fue cuatro veces mayor en las mujeres respecto de los hombres (odds ratio 4,44, p<0,001). Los estudiantes afirmaron que hay una gradación del sufrimiento animal (56,7 % n = 81, p<0,001) y la mayoría consideró que no es ético que se practiquen actividades de entretenimiento con animales (73,6 % n = 106, p<0,05). Conclusión. Los estudiantes expresaron apoyo al bienestar animal y reconocen la responsabilidad ética de los humanos hacia ellos para evitar su sufrimiento innecesario. Se sugiere incorporar enfoques multidisciplinarios en los currículos de carreras agropecuarias para abordar la relación humano-animal.
Prevalencia de AHPND en camaroneras del Golfo de Nicoya y Pacífico Central, Costa Rica
Authors: Peña-Navarro Nelson , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Jorengeth Abad , Umaña Castro Rodolfo , Sancho-Blanco Carolina , Oviedo Bolaños Karen , Escobedo-Bonilla Cesar Marcial
Published: September 2024

Introducción. La enfermedad de la necrosis aguda del hepatopáncreas (AHPND, por sus siglas en inglés) es producida por bacterias Vibrio parahaemolyticus que poseen un plásmido con genes que codifican las toxinas pirA y pirB. La enfermedad se caracteriza por descamación masiva de las células epiteliales del hepatopáncreas, la atrofia y decoloración de ese órgano. Los camarones enfermos presentan anorexia, y muestran un intestino vacío, debilidad, decoloración del cuerpo y altas mortalidades. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de Vibrio parahaemolyticus causante de AHPND en fincas que cultivan camarones en la zona del Pacífico de Costa Rica. Material y métodos. Durante los años 2019 y 2020, se recolectaron camarones (P. vannamei) y agua de estanques de 32 fincas localizadas en la costa occidental del Golfo de Nicoya (Noroeste de Costa Rica) y la costa del Pacífico Central Puntarenas-Parrita), Costa Rica. Los camarones recolectados en los muestreos tenían un peso entre 7 y 15 g. El diagnóstico de la presencia de la enfermedad se analizó a nivel molecular con la Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR) punto final, y diferentes protocolos e iniciadores para detectar los genes de las toxinas pirA y pirB. Se hizo además una correlación lineal entre la presencia de AHPND y la calidad del agua con el programa estadístico R. Resultados. La presencia de Vibrio parahaemolyticus causante de AHPND ocurrió en 93,75 % (30/32) de los estanques muestreados en ambas zonas de cultivo. Conclusiones. Este trabajo confirma la presencia y amplia distribución de AHPND en agua y camarones en treinta fincas camaroneras en el Pacífico de Costa Rica.
Valorization of Algerian food by-products in animal feed
Authors: Lagha-Benamrouche Samira , Hezil Djamila
Published: September 2024

Introduction. The valorization of food by-products in animal feed has emerged as a pivotal strategy. This innovative approach not only addresses the challenge of food waste management but also contributes to the optimization of resources in animal nutrition. Objective. To characterize food waste (carob molasses residue, carob seeds, bitter orange peels, and brown chicken eggshells) with a view to its use as a value-added feed supplement for animals based on its biologically active compounds. Materials and methods. In this study, several food by-products were utilized, including carob molasses residue, orange peels, and eggshells. The biological material was collected in Boumerdes, Algeria, during 2021, according to the ripening period of the plant material (August for carob and December for oranges). For the characterization of the different components of the biological material, phytochemical tests based on coloring reactions, HPLC, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and solubility in solvents were employed. Results. The by-products were found to be low in fat and protein and moderately high in sugar. Orange peel constitutes a reservoir of vitamin C, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. The mineralogical study showed a predominance of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in the eggshells. The comparison of by-products shows that carob seeds are the least rich in crude fiber and therefore supply more available carbohydrates, providing more assimilable energy compared to other by-products. Conclusion. These food byproducts provide bioactive compounds, including vitamin C, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, as well as some minerals, and offer more available energy. The combination of these by-products constitutes a value-added food supplement for livestock feed.
Incidence and bacterial load of vegetative Bacillus species in dried milk-based products sold in Upper Egypt
Authors: Kamal S. M. , Shaheer Y. A.
Published: September 2024

Bacillus spp. are foodborne pathogens important in food contamination, especially in dried milk products. They are associated with foodborne outbreaks, spoilage of dairy products (sweet curdling and bitterness), and bovine mastitis. This study investigated the contamination rate of Bacillus spp. in a total of 105 samples of the dried milk products kishk, Cerelac and whole milk powder, marketed in Assiut city, Upper Egypt. The identification of the Bacillus spp. strains was completed using conventional biochemical methods and PCR protocols for the confirmation of isolates. Bacillus spp. were isolated from 57 out of 105 (54%) [95% CI: 44.6-64.0%] of the examined samples at levels of up to 7.7 log10 cfu/g. The prevalence of Bacillus spp. was significantly (P<0.05) higher in kishk (74%) than in the other food categories with a mean count of 4.04±0.49 log10 cfu/g. Regarding the species of Bacillus detected, 39.05% of the examined samples contained B. cereus, 8.57% contained B. subtilis, 2.86%: B. pumilus, another 2.86%: B. megatrium and 0.95%: B. licheniformis. B. cereus was isolated from 18 (51.43%) of the kishk samples, 9 (25.71%) of the Cerelac samples and 14 (40%) of the whole milk powder samples. Out of the 41 B. cereus strains previously identified by biochemical tests, 19 (46.34%) isolates were also confirmed using PCR (61.11%, 42.86% and 22.22% for kishk, whole milk powder and Cerelac, respectively). In conclusion, incorporating preventive measures to reduce bacterial contamination in the Egyptian dairy environment are warranted in order to avoid the contamination of milk products with these life-threatening pathogens.
Otentisitas Hadis-Hadis dalam Majalah Keislaman di Minangkabau Awal Abad ke-20
Authors: Yasti Suci Amalia , Rafika Alfiah , Saputra Doni , Wendry Novizal
Published: September 2024

The mass media contained actual issues of the day and also contained hadith. Then in the context of Minangkabau in the 20th century, the use of hadith was used as a means of legitimizing the author to strengthen his ideas. Among the mass media in print that was published was Al-Itqan Magazine. This article aims to determine the quality of the hadith used in the magazine. The author used a qualitative method focusing on the hadith documents contained in Al-Itqan magazine published on March 19, 1923 which contained 4 traditions. The hadith were interpreted using the rules of hadith validity which include the continuity of the sanad, fairness, perfecthabitat, absence of shaz and illat. The study found that the hadith contained in the magazine contained only the matan. After locating them in the books of hadith, 19 hadith from various sanads and narrators were found. Then from these 19 traditions, there are three traditions that are directly assessed by hadith scholars about the quality of the hadith, namely the hadith line narrated by Muhammad al-Dinuriy al-Qadhi al-Makiy that the hadith has an isnad that is Dhaif Jiddan, then in the narration of Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal that the hadith is sahih, and finally in the narration of Al-Hakim Al-Naisaburi that the hadith is sahih.
Ikhtiar dengan Menjaga Keyakinan dalam Pandangan Hadis Nabi Muhammad: Studi Takhrij dan Syarah Hadis
Authors: Setiawan Ahmad Siddiq , Harun Amrullah , Rahmah Siti
Published: September 2024

This article aims to discuss how John Wansbrough's thought views on the Qur'an, the influence of his thoughts in the study of the Qur'an and how other orientalists and Muslim scholars assess the results of his thinking. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature review. The results of this study show that John Wansbrough is a controversial orientalist because of his opinion about the Qur'an which is skeptic-revisionist. He revealed that the Qur'an is a continuation of the Christian and Jewish traditions or nothing more than a copy or imitation of the bible. The Qur'an according to him is a literary work, besides that he also considers that the activity of copying the Qur'an into manuscript during the reign of Abu Bakar and Usman is just a fictitious. Wansbrough's view is the result of his study of the Qur'an through the analytical approach of literary and historical criticism, which is taken from the methods of criticism commonly used in criticizing the bibles. Many Western and Muslim scholars in responding to Wansbrough's thoughts criticized but some supported him. Nonetheless, Wansbrough's methods and thoughts are enough to contribute to the development of critical methodology in the study of al-Qur'an studies and its interpretation.
DOES COVID-19 REALLY IMPACT ON EXPORT FISHERIES BUSINESS? (Case Study: Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia)
Authors: Prihantini Campina Illa , Amin Muhtar , Nurfadila Nurfadila , Nursalam Nursalam , Purbaningsih Yuli , Saleh Ramlah
Published: September 2024

This study aims to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fisheries sector, including the export fishery business. Tanggetada Subdistrict, located in Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, is one of the suppliers of export fishery commodities through Makassar City in South Sulawesi Province. The analytical method used is a different test of costs, revenues, and income in the export fishery business before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The selected sample is four export fishery business actors using purposive sampling. The data used are primary data in the form of export fishery business data from each respondent gathered from interviews through questionnaires. While secondary data is supporting data from the Central Statistics Agency, the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries as well as several research results on the topic of scientific journals. The data then were analyzed using income analysis, which was carried out with a different test using the SPSS application. The results of the analysis of the different tests (paired sample t-test) show that there are significant differences in the income level of the export fishery of the four entrepreneurs before and during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Stakeholders Collaboration to Stimulate the Economic Empowerment for Salt Farmers in Pamekasan Regency
Authors: Wismanu Rendra Eko , Prakasa Yudha , Wahyudi Lestari Eko , Nashihah Durratun
Published: September 2024

Previous studies about the dynamics of salt farming in Indonesia have shown several problems. One of the main problems is related to the management context of salt farming. An attempt to enhance salt farming management is to increase salt farmers empowerment. One of the policies declared by the government to overcome this problem is People’s Salt Business Program/ Program Usaha Garam Rakyat (PUGAR). This study aims to: (1) describe, explain and analyze the condition of the salt commodity supply chain in Pamekasan Regency, and (2) describe and explain a model of community empowerment of salt farmers in Pamekasan Regency with a value chains analysis approach, so that with this community empowerment model salt farmers in Pamekasan Regency can optimize positive impacts and minimize the negative impacts of salt business implementation in the regions aforementioned.This research uses qualitative research with a value chains analysis approach. Value chain analysis is the process by which a company identifies key activities and aids that add value to a product, then analyzes them to reduce costs or increase differentiation. The location of the study was conducted in Pamekasan Regency.The results of the research through value chain analysis show a diagram model of community empowerment of salt farmers in Pamekasan Regency, namely through the PUGAR program it has been running well in increasing the production and quality of salt commodities in Pamekasan Regency. Production activities up to salt distribution cannot be separated from the role of 3 stakeholders, including: government, private sector, and community. This study emphasizes the impact of stakeholder collaboration in community empowerment. The result of the research is expected could be used as a reference by stakeholders in formulating policies for the increase of farmers welfare.
Does Having Insurance Beneficial for The Indonesian Fisher’s Welfare?
Authors: Maisandi Pramu , Halimatussadiah Alin
Published: September 2024

Fishing is one of the occupations with a significant risk of occupational accidents, which is compounded by the advent of health problems resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic. Both of these risks can lower fisher’s earnings and affect their welfare. This research aims to examine how insurance ownership affected the degree of welfare among Indonesian fishers during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The author uses two different datasets from the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) and applies the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) approach to address the research questions. The PSM method, one of the quasi-experiments approaches, ensures a causal relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable. The fisher’s household expenditures serve as a proxy for its revenue, hence the greater the value, the more prosperous the fisher’s household. According to the study’s findings, owning health and occupational accident insurance can raise household expenses for fishers, which indicates that insurance ownership may have an impact on the degree of the well-being of Indonesian fishers. Furthermore, it was discovered by this study that the advantages enjoyed by a fisher in Western Indonesia and Eastern Indonesia differed significantly. Another finding is that the percentage of fishers in Indonesia who were covered by insurance was still relatively low. On the other hand, the value of the benefits that come with insurance ownership in fisher’s households is relatively high. As a result, the best advice that can be provided to the government of Indonesia is to encourage insurance ownership on the part of the fishers.
A foodborne outbreak caused by staphylococcal enterotoxins in cheese sandwiches in northern Italy
Authors: Manila Bianchi Daniela , Romano Angelo , Tramuta Clara , Distasio Palma , Decastelli Lucia
Published: September 2024

Staphylococcus aureus can produce numerous toxins, including staphylococcal enterotoxins, namely, SEs, SEA to SEE, SEG to SEI, and SER to SET. They have demonstrated emetic activity and can cause food poisoning outbreaks (FBOs). Here, we report a multidisciplinary investigation conducted by authorities competent in food safety in collaboration with veterinary and health and hygiene services. The issue was foodborne intoxication which involved eight members (aged 12–74 years) of the same family. Notification reported that time to symptom onset was about 3 hours after lunch, which suggests that the food contained preformed toxins. Ham and cheese used for the preparation of sandwiches consumed by all symptomatic relatives were suspected to be the source of FBO. The day after symptoms appeared, samples were collected at the restaurant and delivered to the food safety laboratory. All analyses performed on official food samples are validated according to ISO 17025:2017 and accredited. The cheese subsamples were all positive for coagulase-positive staphylococci CPS (range: 1.1*103 CFU/g to 8.1*103 CFU/g). The pooled sample tested positive for staphylococcal enterotoxin D (SED) at 0.649 ng/g. This concentration can cause symptoms of FBO. Following the notification of suspected food poisoning, a rapid response by the district food safety agency is necessary. In the case described here, the multidisciplinary collaboration facilitated the collection of samples at the food business plant aimed at identifying a suspected source of intoxication and to withdraw unsafe food from the market.
Tropospheric ozone pollution: Implication for food security and crop nutrition in South Asia
Authors: Qasim Sadaf , Ahmad Muhammad Nauman , Zia Afia , Alam Sahib , Riaz Muhammad , Aziz Tariq , Zahra Nureen , Alhomrani Majid , Alsanie Walaa F. , Alamri Abdulhakeem S. , Alshammary Amal F.
Published: September 2024

The study was conducted on ambient ozone (O3), the most phyto-toxic air pollutant, and its effects on the growth and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and peas (Pisum sativaum) grown in Northern Pakistan during the summer and winter of 2018. Okra was subjected to ambient O3 levels ranging from 43 to 63 ppb during the summer, with a mean O3 concentration of 55 ppb, while peas experienced lower winter concentrations of 15–25 ppb, with a mean O3 concentration of 19 ppb. The results indicated significant impacts on the growth and nutritional quality of crops, especially okra. Anti-ozonant ethylene diurea (EDU) was used for soil drenching to protect okra and green peas from O3 damage. Okra showed notable enhancements of 20%, 20%, 29%, and 13% in ash, protein, fiber, and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFE), respectively. Increase in plant height, leaf numbers, pod length, and dry weight was observed in EDU-treated okra plants. Conversely, peas exhibited less variation, although melioration was observed in plant height, pod numbers, length, and weight with EDU treatment. It was concluded that the concentration of ambient O3 in Peshawar is toxic enough to cause significant damage to crop growth and production. The stark difference in O3 impact during different seasons suggests that higher summer concentrations could severely compromise crop quality. This elicits significant concerns regarding food security in South Asia, especially for summer crops that can jeopardize future food security. It is recommended that further research be conducted on the effects of O3 on other regional crops to assess fully its implications for agricultural sustainability in the area.
Potato peel as substrate for Single Cell Protein in animal feed by submerged fermentation
Authors: Kiran Nimra , Yunus Fakhar-Un-Nisa , Nadeem Muhammad , Manzoor Farkhanda , Nelofar Rubina , Sarwar Abid , Ullah Najeeb , Aziz Tariq , S. Alamri Abdulhakeem , Alsanie Walaa F. , Alhomrani Majid
Published: September 2024

Single-cell protein (SCP) has gained attention in scientific research as a vital source of protein in animal feed and human food. Taking into account the importance of SCP, an attempt was made in the current research to grow Rhizopus oligosporus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass by selecting potato peel as a substrate. The potato peel was treated with sulfuric acid to form potato peel hydrolysate following acid hydrolysis. In 1.0-L potato peel hydrolysate, 2.5-g/L KH2PO4, 0.5-g/L MgSO4, 0.5-g/L NaCl, and 10 g/L yeast extract were taken to prepare growth media. The moisture content of potato peel was examined by following standard procedure of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC). The Kjeldahl method was used to determine the protein content, and glucose was examined by using the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Optimization of SCP yield was accomplished by following the ‘one factor at a time’ method. The effect of each parameter, such as incubation period, temperature and pH on SCP production was analyzed. Bioreactor scale-up production of SCP was performed in a jar fermenter. To enhance SCP, yield co-culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhizopus oligosporus was used in a bioreactor that yielded 19 g/L of SCP. Thus, as a nutritional supplement for living organisms, SCP can effectively fulfill protein scarcity globally.
Effects of tea and coffee on tooth discoloration
Authors: Kim Soyeon , Son Ji Eun , Larnani Sri , Sim Hye-Young , Yun Pil-Young , Kim Young-Jae , Park Young-Seok
Published: September 2024

Tooth discoloration because of dietary habits is a serious concern, particularly from tea and coffee consumption. This study investigated the effects of these beverages on tooth discoloration, focusing on their key chemical components. Bovine enamel specimens were immersed in green and black tea samples and Arabica and Robusta coffee samples for 1–72 h. High-performance liquid chromatography analyzed catechins, theaflavins, and chlorogenic acids, while spectrophotometry measured discoloration. Multiple regression analysis (significance at p < 0.05) revealed that all beverages caused significant tooth discoloration, with black tea showing the most pronounced effect because of its theaflavin content.
Własności szeregów czasowych stóp zwrotu z inwestycji w metale nieżelazne
Authors: Król Paulina
Published: September 2024

Cel: Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja własności szeregów czasowych stóp zwrotu z
inwestycji w wybrane metale nieżelazne z uwzględnieniem aktualnej niestabilnej sytuacji
gospodarczej oraz geopolitycznej, jak również porównanie własności analizowanych
szeregów czasowych. Metodyka: W artykule zastosowano wybrane metody statystyczne oraz
ekonometryczne, metody inżynierii finansowej oraz analiz szeregów czasowych.
Przedstawiono kształtowanie się cen i stóp zwrotu metali nieżelaznych (aluminium, cyny,
cynku, miedzi, niklu i ołowiu) w latach 2015-2023, wyznaczono podstawowe statystyki
szeregów czasowych oraz zweryfikowano normalność i stacjonarność rozkładów empirycznych.
Wyniki: Najwyższy dochód przynosiły inwestycje w miedź, a najniższy – w ołów. Wszystkie
szeregi czasowe cechowały się dodatnią historyczną stopą zwrotu. Stopy zwrotu z
inwestycji w nikiel charakteryzowały się największą zmiennością. Rozkłady stóp zwrotu z
inwestycji w miedź i cynę były lewostronnie asymetryczne, pozostałe szeregi zaś
prawostronnie asymetryczne. Wszystkie empiryczne rozkłady szeregów czasowych nie były
zbieżne z rozkładem normalnym, jednak wykazywały stacjonarność. Implikacje i
rekomendacje: Osoby pracujące w sektorach związanych z metalami nieżelaznymi oraz
inwestorzy powinni być zainteresowani znajomością własności stóp zwrotu z inwestycji w
metale nieżelazne. Może to pomóc im w trafniejszym prognozowaniu cen metali
nieżelaznych, a w efekcie – w dokonywaniu bardziej optymalnych transakcji na rynku.
Oryginalność/wartość: W artykule zweryfikowano własności stóp zwrotu z inwestycji w
metale nieżelazne wobec wysokiej zmienności panującej w ostatnich latach na rynku
metali.