bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uma abordagem teórica neoinstitucional relevante e abrangente teria sido indevidamente ignorada pelo campo de negócios internacionais?
Authors: Avrichir Ilan , Lennan Laura Mac
Published: November 2020

Muitos recursos naturais e, crescentemente, produzidos pelo homem, se enquadram numa categoria a qual Elinor Ostrom, prêmio Nobel de Economia de 2009, se referiu como common-pool resources (CPRs). São recursos dos quais existe uma quantidade limitada, e cujo uso racional do ponto de vista coletivo, na ausência de proprietários privados e de intervenção do estado, é difícil de ser alcançado. Ostrom propôs uma teoria e regras da ação para evitar o uso abusivo desses recursos. Embora bastante difundida nos estudos ambientais e sobre ecologia, as proposições da autora são pouco usadas como referencial teórico nos estudos sobre negócios internacionais. Esse artigo mostra, pela comparação de dois casos, que proposições da autora explicam desfechos muito diferentes nas trajetórias de dois clusters, que se internacionalizaram rapidamente. Contribui para chamar a atenção para o potencial de aplicação, que está sendo negligenciado, do trabalho da autora em pesquisas e práticas.
Transação tributária e extrafiscalidade: uma abordagem à luz do controle de proporcionalidade
Authors: Balthazar Ubaldo Cesar , Pinheiro Hendrick , Basso Bruno Bartelle
Published: November 2020

Este artigo realiza uma breve reflexão acerca dos programas de transação tributária desenvolvidos no Brasil, à luz do controle de proporcionalidade. Para tanto, serão analisados o instituto previsto no artigo 171 do Código Tri-butário Nacional (CTN) e o contexto histórico em que ele se encontra inserido, para, posteriormente, confrontá-lo com o princípio da igualdade, a fim de demonstrar que a proporcionalida-de pode ser utilizada como um critério legítimo para o controle de políticas públicas indutoras de comportamento dos contribuintes, notada-mente, a partir do preenchimento dos critérios da adequação, da necessidade e da proporciona-lidade em sentido estrito.
A study on inhibition of the Aβ1-42-induced inflammatory response by the Huatuo Zaizao pill through the NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Jiang Su , Yu Lin-Jie , Yang Hui , Jin Yuexinzi , Chen Jian , Zhang Jing-Hua , Liu Ying , Xu Yun
Published: November 2020

Introduction

The pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) includes -amyloid (A) (plaques) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). This study aimed to explore the efficacy of Huatuo Zaizao pill (HTZP) in an AD mouse model induced by injecting A1-42, and the neuroprotective mechanism of HTZP in AD.

Material and methods

C57BL/6 (B6) mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10, per group): control group, AD model group, and 2 different doses of HTZP treated groups. The Morris water maze test was carried out on AD mice to assess the learning ability after treatment with HTZP for 15 day. The levels of inflammatory factors and the nuclear factor-B (NF-B) pathway were examined by western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The content of microglia was investigated by immunofluorescence.

Results

This study revealed that a cognitive disorder could be mitigated when the AD mice were treated with HTZP, which might be associated with the decreased level of pro-inflammatory factors, and the inhibitory activities of microglia. Additionally, phosphorylation of IB and NF-B p65 could be reduced by prohibiting the neuroinflammation of NF-B activation in the hippocampus of AD mice.

Conclusions

These results showed that HTZP could mitigate a cognitive disorder, diminish the activation of microglia, and inhibit the content of inflammatory factors through the NF-B pathway in A1-42-induced AD mice. HTZP may be an appropriate agent for AD treatment in the future.
Psychobiological risk assessment in emergency medical service drivers: study protocol for structural equation modeling
Authors: Delshad Vahid , Khankeh Hamidreza , Ebadi Abbas , Bidzan Mariola , Harouni Gholamreza , Stueck Marcus
Published: November 2020

Background

Job stress can lead to several complications including physical, psychological, and behavioral consequences. Emergency medical services (EMS) drivers are more likely to be exposed to stress than other occupations due to the nature of their job. High-risk driving and stress-related psychological responses can have irretrievable consequences. Therefore, increasing the amount of attention to traffic psychology and periodic psychobiological risk assessment for this group are essential. Hence, this paper tries to present how to develop a validated battery for assessing psychobiological risk assessment (PBRA) based on bio-centric health management (BHM).

Participants and procedure

The study will be conducted in two methodological and modeling phases: In the methodological phase, the psychometric proper-ties of the Health Cube Battery (HCB) will be analyzed, and in the second phase, researchers will model BHM in Iran using a structural equation model (SEM).

Results

The study population consists of EMS drivers. The tool that will be developed in this study is an HCB, which consists of dif-ferent dimensions of BHM.

Conclusions

At the end of the study, a standard HCB will be developed and validated. Also, the BHM model will be mapped based on psy-chobiological risk assessment for EMS drivers. Other researchers can also cross-culturally adapt and use the battery, and the model could be adopted for other contexts and cultures.
Archaeal Intact Polar Lipids in Polar Waters: A Comparison Between
the Amundsen and Scotia Seas
Authors: Spencer-Jones Charlotte L. , McClymont Erin L. , Bale Nicole J. , Hopmans Ellen C. , Schouten Stefan , Müller Juliane , Abrahamsen E. Povl , Allen Claire , Bickert Torsten , Hillenbrand Claus-Dieter , Mawbey Elaine , Peck Victoria , Svalova Aleksandra , Smith James A.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is one of the largest potential sources of future sea-level rise, with glaciers draining the WAIS thinning at an accelerating rate over the past 40 years. Due to difficulties in calibrating palaeoceanographic proxies for the Southern Ocean, it remains difficult to assess whether similar changes have occurred earlier during the Holocene or whether there is underlying centennial to millennial scale forcing in oceanic variability. Archaeal lipid – based proxies, specifically Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraether (GDGT) (e.g. TEX86 and TEX86L) are powerful tools for reconstructing ocean temperature, but these proxies have been shown previously to be difficult to apply to the Southern Ocean. A greater understanding of the parameters that control Southern Ocean GDGT distributions would improve the application of these biomarker proxies and thus help provide a longer-term perspective on ocean forcing of Antarctic ice sheet changes. In this study, we characterised intact polar lipid (IPL) - GDGTs, representing (recently) living archaeal population in suspended particulate matter from the Amundsen Sea and the Scotia Sea. Shifts in IPL-GDGT signatures across well-defined fronts of the Southern Ocean revealed a correlation between the physicochemical parameters of these water masses and IPL-GDGT distributions. Further analysis is required to elucidate the additional role of productivity and nutrient availability on Southern Ocean IPL-GDGT distributions. Of particular note for proxy development in the Amundsen Sea is that IPL-GDGTs are likely actively synthesised at Circumpolar Deep Water depths and may be a significant source of GDGTs exported to the sedimentary record in this region.
GEOTECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO THE MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ARACATIMIRIM RIVER ESTUARY (TORRÕES - CE)
Authors: Silva A. A. , Falcão-Quintela T. O. , Magalhães I. B. , Pinheiro L. S. , Pinheiro L. S. , Calijuri M. L. , de Oliveira J. C. , Morais J. O.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Estuaries are unstable coastal environments of transitional character between the continent and the ocean that plays an important role in fauna reproduction. In general, these types of coastal features have suffered several environmental impacts due to inadequate forms of use and occupation, which result in significant modifications in the morphology of river mouths. This work aims to apply geotechnologies to study the morphological changes at the mouth of Aracatimirim River, Ceará, Brazil, contributing with useful information on the monitoring and environmental management of tropical coastal estuaries. The methodology was divided into three stages: recognition of the study area; field activity and data processing and integration. The Aracatimirim River estuary underwent major changes between 1985 and 2013, where it was possible to identify five evolutionary phases into this period. Previously, built by bar, it evolved to an estuary of coastal plain, accompanied by the progression of Torrões beach and agglutination of "barriers spits" to the continent. It is the main navigable river of the area of Itarema municipality. After the development of this work, it was possible to conclude that the forms of use and occupation in the surroundings of the Aracaratimirim River estuary had a wide growth in the last years, which reflects clearly in the estuary morphology, currently classified as an estuary of coastal plain. The morphological changes within the estuary interfere on not only the environmental conditions, but also in the economy and social conditions of the local community.
FIRST LARGE EXTENT AND HIGH RESOLUTION CROPLAND AND CROP TYPE MAP OF ARGENTINA
Authors: de Abelleyra D. , Verón S. , Banchero S. , Mosciaro M. J. , Propato T. , Ferraina A. , Gómez Taffarel M. C. , Dacunto L. , Franzoni A. , Volante J.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The availability of spatially explicit information about agricultural crops for large regions in Argentina is scarce. In particular, due to temporal dynamics of agricultural production (i.e. changes in planted crops from year to year) and spectral similarities among herbaceous crops it is difficult to generate crop type maps from remote sensing. Large regions with marked climatic variations, like the main agricultural areas of Argentina, represent an additional challenge. Here we generated a map based on supervised classifications using field samples along 14 agricultural zones. Best classification accuracies were obtained by combining seasonal indices (year, summer and winter), with indices that describe the temporal dynamics of vegetation. Accuracy was increased at regions with high and balanced number of samples and with longer growing seasons. The map allows to identify areas with clusters of one, two or three crops and to characterize areas with different spatial distribution between cropland and no cropland areas.
AUTOMATIC BUILDING CHANGE DETECTION USING MULTI-TEMPORAL AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA
Authors: dos Santos R. C. , Galo M. , Carrilho A. C. , Pessoa G. G. , de Oliveira R. A. R.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The automatic detection of building changes is an essential process for urban area monitoring, urban planning, and database update. In this context, 3D information derived from multi-temporal airborne LiDAR scanning is one effective alternative. Despite several works in the literature, the separation of change areas in building and non-building remains a challenge. In this sense, it is proposed a new method for building change detection, having as the main contribution the use of height entropy concept to identify the building change areas. The experiments were performed considering multi-temporal airborne LiDAR data from 2012 and 2014, both with average density around 5 points/m2. Qualitative and quantitative analyses indicate that the proposed method is robust in building change detection, having the potential to identify small changes (larger than 20 m2). In general, the change detection method presented average completeness and correctness around 97% and 71%, respectively.
A DEFINITION OF VISUAL INTERPRETATION CRITERIAS TO MAPPING LAND-USE AND LAND-COVER IN THE BRAZILIAN BIOMES
Authors: Silva E. B. , Nogueira S. H. M. , Matos A. P. S. , Parente L. L. , Ferreira L. G. , Teixeira L. , Almeida L. S.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The present work aims to establish of Visual Interpretation Criterias of the land-use and land-cover (LULC) classes of the Brazilian biomes. The process relies on the efforts of experts from each biome, Ph.D. and Master's students, and undergraduate students in research. Due to the particularities, the criterias were elaborated individually for each biome. The classes correspond to MapBiomas collection 04 legend. In each LULC class, the user has the following information: class definition, patterns (e.g., color, texture, roughness), and historical Landsat images (RGB 564) from the dry and rainy periods, as well as high-resolution images and field photos of the class. These visual interpretation criterias was used to generate data of samples for MapBiomas mapping validation. With the help of Visual Interpretation Criterias, experienced and inexperienced interpreters were able to produce high-quality sample data without visual inspection. This initiative, a pioneer in Brazil, is a tool to support future interpretations of Brazilian biomes. The results can be found on Lapig website.
Can Green HRM Practices Influence Hotel Employees’ Green Behavior? Evidence From Khulna City Hospitality Industry, Bangladesh
Authors: Karmoker Kajol , Zannat Tasnia , Roy Bipul
Published: November 2020

This study aimed at investigating the relationship between green human resource management (Green HRM) practices and employee green behavior (EGB) within the context of hospitality industry, Khulna city, Bangladesh. Data collected through a self-administered questionnaire from 130 hotel employees of Khulna city were analyzed by employing correlation and multiple regression analysis. The study results showed that there was a positive association between green focused HRM functions and EGB. It was further confirmed that Green Training & Development, Green Performance Appraisal and Green Compensation& Rewards had significant contribution in explaining the green behavior of the hotel employees.
Redevelopment of the Normal School Cranmer square, Christchurch
Authors: Wilby G. K.
Published: November 2020

This case study describes the strengthening work entailed in the redevelopment of the Normal School, an imposing Victorian stone building facing Cranmer Square, into luxury apartments.
Prime building blocks in the mathematics classroom
Authors: Kiss Anna
Published: November 2020

This theoretical paper is devoted to the presentation of the manifold opportunities in using a little-known but powerful mathematical manipulative, the so-called prime building blocks, originally invented by two close followers of Tamás Varga, to support discovery of various concepts in arithmetic in middle school, including the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic or as it is widely taught, prime factorization. The study focuses on a teaching proposal to show how students can learn about greatest common divisor (GCD) and least common multiple (LCM) with understanding, and meanwhile addresses internal connections and levels of abstractness within elementary number theory. The mathematical and methodological background to understanding different aspects of the concept prime property are discussed and the benefits of using prime building blocks to scaffold students’ discovery are highlighted. Although the proposal was designed to be suitable for Hungarian sixth graders, mathematical context and indications for the use of the manipulative in both primary and high school are given.

Subject Classification: F60, C30, E40, U60
A study on structure and functions of organs involved in the formation of Mongolian Khuumii sound
Authors: Tsagaankhuu Rentsendorj , Sundui Enebish , Bold Juramt , Shuumarjav Uurtuya , Palamdorj Ganchimeg , Luvsandagva Byambasuren , Tsagaankhuu Dorjsuren , Tsevegmid Erdembileg , Dorjkhuu Amgalanbaatar , Bodi Dagdanbazar , Dagdanbazar Nyamdorj
Published: November 2020

Khuumii (throat or overtone singing) is a unique form of art derived from the nomadic population of Central Asia, which is a type of singing in which the singer manipulates the resonances (or formants) created as air travels from the lungs, past the vocal folds, and out of the lips to produce a melody. A total of 60 participants, aged 18-60 years (54 men and 6 women), were selected by non-random sampling method using cross-sectional study. X-ray, endoscopy, and sound research method were used in the study, and the composition of blood gas was analysed. X-ray examination determined the state during each different types of Khuumii; Shakhaa and Kharkhiraa. As the basic timbre of Shakhaa Khuumii went up progressively the larynx grew and the compression strength increased, while the basic timbre went down, and the larynx became lower. In the case of Kharkhiraa Khuumii, the larynx position was elevated to a relatively small extent compared to Shakhaa Khuumii and the distance between the sublingual bone and the larynx was large. The sublingual bone trunk lowered during Shakhaa Khuumii, while it was slightly elevated during Kharkhiraa Khuumii. The laryngeal endoscopy evaluated the movement of true and false vocal chords, glottal volume, movements of epiglottis and arytenoid cartilage, and mucosa. Furthermore, the sound frequency is 2-4 times higher than that of normal speech, and sound volume is 0.5-1 times higher. The blood gas composition test showed partial pressure (pO2), and saturation of oxygen (SaO2) decreased after performing Khuumii. In the case of Shakhaa and Kharkhiraa Khuumi, it is appropriate to divide Khuumii into two main types according to structural and functional changes in the organs involved.
Analise Interdisciplinar das Relações de Conflito e Poder na Gestão Hospitalar
Authors: Oliveira Luanne Escobar do Nascimento , Binotto Erlaine , Martins Luiz Cândido , Volpato Luciana Fernandes
Published: November 2020

O problema que se coloca neste estudo são os conflitos e as relações de poder estabelecidos no ambiente hospitalar, onde as relações de dominação se manifestam no processo de gestão dos interesses dos agentes, trazendo consequências para todos os envolvidos. O objetivo é analisar os conflitos e as relações de poder entre colaboradores de diferentes categorias de um hospital filantrópico. Buscou-se contemplar as categorias de análise diretamente relacionadas ao ambiente hospitalar, tais como: Organograma, Participação, Liderança e Conflitos. A discussão dos achados da pesquisa está amparada nos conceitos de Campo, Capital Simbólico e Habitus do sociólogo francês Pierre Bourdieu. As contribuições do estudo se evidenciam na abordagem interdisciplinar do problema a partir das contribuições da Sociologia, Administração e Saúde Pública, ampliando, assim, os horizontes de compreensão do problema. A utilização das lentes teóricas de Bourdieu se revelou importante na medida em que há uma ausência de estudos sobre gestão hospitalar que utilize de conceitos sociológicos, sobretudo de Bourdeiu. O estudo possibilitou aos gestores do hospital, em análise, um feedback amplo para entendimento e aprimoramento da sua gestão.
Not Just Number: Representation Talks
Authors: Campbell Matthew P.
Published: November 2020

This routine benefits teachers and students while supporting students’ reasoning across mathematical domains and beyond number and operation.
Now: From “Best Practices” to “Better Practices”
Authors: Everett Berkeley
Published: November 2020

“Best Practices” can overlook our strengths and potential. Switching to “Better Practices” helps us celebrate our current successes while pushing our practice forward.
Challenges in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed and Recurrent Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Authors: Holdhoff Matthias , Mrugala Maciej M. , Grommes Christian , Kaley Thomas J. , Swinnen Lode J. , Perez-Heydrich Carlos , Nayak Lakshmi
Published: November 2020

Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) are rare cancers of the central nervous system (CNS) and are predominantly diffuse large B-cell lymphomas of the activated B-cell (ABC) subtype. They typically present in the sixth and seventh decade of life, with the highest incidence among patients aged >75 years. Although many different regimens have demonstrated efficacy in newly diagnosed and relapsed or refractory PCNSL, there have been few randomized prospective trials, and most recommendations and treatment decisions are based on single-arm phase II trials or even retrospective studies. High-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX; 3–8 g/m2) is the backbone of preferred standard induction regimens. Various effective regimens with different toxicity profiles can be considered that combine other chemotherapies and/or rituximab with HD-MTX, but there is currently no consensus for a single preferred regimen. There is controversy about the role of various consolidation therapies for patients who respond to HD-MTX–based induction therapy. For patients with relapsed or refractory PCNSL who previously experienced response to HD-MTX, repeat treatment with HD-MTX–based therapy can be considered depending on the timing of recurrence. Other more novel and less toxic regimens have been developed that show efficacy in recurrent disease, including ibrutinib, or lenalidomide ± rituximab. There is uniform agreement to delay or avoid whole-brain radiation therapy due to concerns for significant neurotoxicity if a reasonable systemic treatment option exists. This article aims to provide a clinically practical approach to PCNSL, including special considerations for older patients and those with impaired renal function. The benefits and risks of HD-MTX or high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation versus other, better tolerated strategies are also discussed. In all settings, the preferred treatment is always enrollment in a clinical trial if one is available.
La justicia transicional de la Ley 1448 de 2011, ¿beneficio o impunidad? Aplicación de la Ley de Víctimas y Restitución de Tierras en el acompañamiento y assistência técnica dado a los campesinos por parte del Estado en el departamento del Meta, en los municípios de Puerto Gaitán, San Martín y Cubarral
Authors: Arenas Jiménez Diana Judith , Basto Forero Gustavo Adolfo , Marín Hernández Nathalia Andrea , Mejía Torres Lina María
Published: November 2020

La Ley 1448 de 2011 afirma: “siempre que sea posible se intentará devolver a la víctima a la situación anterior al despojo de su predio”, pero una vez restablecido el derecho no da a entender el alcance que es posible tener en cuanto al disfrute, la reintegración a su empleo, financiación y el estado del nuevo bien en dado caso. Analizando lo anterior y teniendo en cuenta que la Unidad de Restitución de Tierras junto a jueces y Magistrados Especializados en Restitución son los acompañantes en dicha etapa post-fallo, según lo afirmado tanto por la Ley de Víctimas, cuanto por los decretos reglamentarios y el Plan Nacional para la Atención y Reparación Integral de las Víctimas, buscamos responder con esta investigación si la justicia transicional guarda cierta ambigüedad en el tema post-fallo, especialmente en el posible retorno a los predios, la garantía que se debe mantener en cabeza del Estado para que a las víctimas se garantice la permanencia en los terrenos objeto de restitución y el acompañamiento técnico que se les brinda en los municipios objeto de esta investigación.
Diversity of the gut microbiome in three grasshopper species using 16S rRNA and determination of cellulose digestibility
Authors: Wang Jian-Mei , Bai Jing , Zheng Fang-Yuan , Ling Yao , Li Xiang , Wang Jing , Zhi Yong-Chao , Li Xin-Jiang
Published: November 2020

Background

Grasshoppers are typical phytophagous pests, and they have large appetites with high utilization of plants fibers, the digestion of which may depend on the microorganisms in their intestines. Grasshoppers have the potential to be utilized in bioreactors, which could improve straw utilization efficiency in the future. In this study, we describe the gut microbiome in three species of grasshoppers, Oedaleus decorus asiaticus, Aiolopus tamulus and Shirakiacris shirakii, by constructing a 16S rDNA gene library and analyzed the digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose in the grasshoppers by using moss black phenol colorimetry and anthrone colorimetry.

Results

There were 509,436 bacterial OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) detected in the guts of all the grasshoppers sampled. Among them, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most common, Aiolopus tamulus had the highest bacterial diversity, and Shirakiacris shirakii had the highest bacterial species richness. The intestinal microflora structure varied between the different species of grasshopper, with Aiolopus tamulus and Shirakiacris shirakii being the most similar. Meanwhile, the time at which grasshopper specimens were collected also led to changes in the intestinal microflora structure in the same species of grasshoppers. Klebsiella may form the core elements of the microflora in the grasshopper intestinal tract. The digestibility of cellulose/hemicellulose among the three species grasshoppers varied (38.01/24.99%, 43.95/17.21% and 44.12/47.62%). LEfSe analysis and Spearman correlation coefficients showed that the hemicellulosic digestibility of Shirakiacris shirakii was significantly higher than that of the other two species of grasshopper, which may be related to the presence of Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Glutamicibacter, Corynebacterium, and Brachybacterium in Shirakiacris shirakii intestinal tract.

Conclusion

The intestinal microbial communities of the three grasshoppers species are similar on phylum level, but the dominant genera of different species grasshoppers are different. The cellulose digestibility of the three species of grasshoppers is relatively high, which may be correlated with the presence of some gut microbiome. Increasing the understanding of the structure and function of the grasshopper intestinal microflora will facilitate further research and the utilization of intestinal microorganisms in the future.
Deep-learning convolutional neural networks with transfer learning accurately classify COVID-19 lung infection on portable chest radiographs
Authors: Kikkisetti Shreeja , Zhu Jocelyn , Shen Beiyi , Li Haifang , Duong Tim Q.
Published: November 2020

Portable chest X-ray (pCXR) has become an indispensable tool in the management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) lung infection. This study employed deep-learning convolutional neural networks to classify COVID-19 lung infections on pCXR from normal and related lung infections to potentially enable more timely and accurate diagnosis. This retrospect study employed deep-learning convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning to classify based on pCXRs COVID-19 pneumonia (N = 455) on pCXR from normal (N = 532), bacterial pneumonia (N = 492), and non-COVID viral pneumonia (N = 552). The data was randomly split into 75% training and 25% testing, randomly. A five-fold cross-validation was used for the testing set separately. Performance was evaluated using receiver-operating curve analysis. Comparison was made with CNN operated on the whole pCXR and segmented lungs. CNN accurately classified COVID-19 pCXR from those of normal, bacterial pneumonia, and non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia patients in a multiclass model. The overall sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC were 0.79, 0.93, and 0.79, 0.85 respectively (whole pCXR), and were 0.91, 0.93, 0.88, and 0.89 (CXR of segmented lung). The performance was generally better using segmented lungs. Heatmaps showed that CNN accurately localized areas of hazy appearance, ground glass opacity and/or consolidation on the pCXR. Deep-learning convolutional neural network with transfer learning accurately classifies COVID-19 on portable chest X-ray against normal, bacterial pneumonia or non-COVID viral pneumonia. This approach has the potential to help radiologists and frontline physicians by providing more timely and accurate diagnosis.
An updated evolutionary study of the Notch family reveals a new ancient origin and novel invariable motifs as potential pharmacological targets
Authors: Vlachakis Dimitrios , Papageorgiou Louis , Papadaki Ariadne , Georga Maria , Kossida Sofia , Eliopoulos Elias
Published: November 2020

Notch family proteins play a key role in a variety of developmental processes by controlling cell fate decisions and operating in a great number of biological processes in several organ systems, such as hematopoiesis, somatogenesis, vasculogenesis, neurogenesis and homeostasis. The Notch signaling pathway is crucial for the majority of developmental programs and regulates multiple pathogenic processes. Notch family receptors’ activation has been largely related to its multiple effects in sustaining oncogenesis. The Notch signaling pathway constitutes an ancient and conserved mechanism for cell to cell communication. Much of what is known about Notch family proteins function comes from studies done inCaenorhabditis ElegansandDrosophila Melanogaster. Although,humanNotch homologs had also been identified, the molecular mechanisms which modulate the Notch signaling pathway remained substantially unknown. In this study, an updated evolutionary analysis of the Notch family members among 603 different organisms of all kingdoms, frombacteriatohumans, was performed in order to discover key regions that have been conserved throughout evolution and play a major role in the Notch signaling pathway. The major goal of this study is the presentation of a novel updated phylogenetic tree for the Notch family as a reliable phylogeny “map”, in order to correlate information of the closely related members and identify new possible pharmacological targets that can be used in pathogenic cases, including cancer.
Clarifying researchers’ subjectivity in qualitative addiction research
Authors: Egerer Michael , Hellman Matilda
Published: November 2020

Aims: In addiction research, non-constructionist traditions often question the validity and reliability of qualitative efforts. This study presents techniques that are helpful for qualitative researchers in dissecting and clarifying their subjective interpretations.Methods: We discuss three courses of action for inspecting researchers’ interpretations when analyzing focus-group interviews: (i) adapted summative content analysis, (ii) quantification of researchers’ expectations; and (iii) speaker positions. While these are well-known methodological techniques in their own rights, we demonstrate how they can be used to complement one another.Results: Quantifications are easy and expeditious verification techniques, but they demand additional investigation of speaker positions. A combination of these techniques can strengthen validity and reliability without compromising the nature of constructionist and inductive inquiries.Conclusions: The three techniques offer valuable support for the communication of qualitative work in addiction research. They allow researchers to assess and understand their own initial impressions during data collection and raw analysis. In addition, they also serve in making researchers’ subjectivity more transparent. All of this can be achieved without abandoning subjectivity, but rather making sense of it.
DIFFERENT MODERN TECHNIQUES USED IN CHURNA KALPANA: A REVIEW
Authors: Mitti Jagadeesh G
Published: November 2020

To prepare any formulation in bulk quantity it needs a machine. The machines which manufacture the formulations in a bulk quantity will work on the basis of modern techniques. These techniques can be adopted to prepare different dosage forms through their method of preparations. Churna is also one among the different dosage forms which is having versatile usage and need to be prepared in bulk quantity. To achieve this, different modern methods like size reduction, size separation and mixing of powders and techniques viz. cutting, compression, impact, attrition and combined effect of impact and attrition are adopted, along with this sieving and mixing techniques are also adopted. To assure the quality of churna kalpana physico chemical analysis should be done like fineness of Particles, Presence of Heavy Metals, Test for microbial contamination etc.
Free Choice Items and Modal Indefinites
Authors: Ovalle Luis Alonso , Menéndez‐Benito Paula
Published: November 2020

This chapter discusses a class of determiner phrases with one or more of the following properties: (i) they have a restricted distribution; (ii) in combination with (some) modals, they convey, roughly, that all the individuals in their domain are possibilities (a “free choice effect”); and (iii) they can express modality in the absence of an overt modal.

The chapter has two main parts: the first deals with
free choice items
, like English free choice
any
, Spanish
cualquiera
, or Italian
qualsiasi
, which have properties (i) and (ii); the second surveys
modal indefinites
, existential items with property (iii), like German
irgendein
, Spanish
algún
, or Italian
un qualche
.
Micro‐Structuration of Piezoelectric Composites Using Dielectrophoresis: Toward Application in Condition Monitoring of Bearings
Authors: D'Ambrogio Giulia , Zahhaf Omar , Hebrard Yoann , Le Minh Quyen , Cottinet Pierre‐Jean , Capsal Jean‐Fabien
Published: November 2020

Piezoelectric soft material based on inorganic/organic composites suitable for aerospace and aeronautical monitoring sensors is fabricated. The designed material is a piezoelectric composite made of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) filler embedded in a poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) matrix. To improve the piezoelectric properties of the film, the connectivity of the ceramic filler is increased via electric field‐assisted structuration, which leads to columnar arrangement of the filler across the thickness. This structure (1–3) shows higher piezoelectricity than one with randomly dispersed filler (0–3). Piezoelectric and dielectric activities of PZT/PDMS in 0–3 and 1–3 configurations at different volume fractions are compared. The results confirm that the 1–3 connectivity leads to superior piezoelectric behavior. Thermal stability of electroactive properties and high temperature X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analyses are performed: the composites maintain a good piezoelectric response, even at 200 °C. Following a process optimization, the piezoelectric behavior of this new class of composites approaches the fluorinated ferroelectric polymers one, with the advantages of piezoelectric properties stability preserved at a higher temperature and a lower poling electric field. In conclusion, there is potential for the integration of the designed sensor in aircraft ball bearings for condition monitoring.
All Electrospray Printing of Carbon‐Based Cost‐Effective Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Congcong , Wang Kai , Jiang Yuanyuan , Yang Dong , Hou Yuchen , Ye Tao , Han Chan Su , Chi Bo , Zhao Li , Wang Shimin , Deng Weiwei , Priya Shashank
Published: November 2020

With the power conversion efficiencies of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exceeding 25%, the PSCs are a step closer to initial industrialization. Prior to transferring from laboratory fabrication to industrial manufacturing, issues such as scalability, material cost, and production line compatibility that significantly impact the manufacturing remain to be addressed. Here, breakthroughs on all these fronts are reported. Carbon‐based PSCs with architecture fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)/electron transport layer/perovskite/carbon, that eliminate the need for the hole transport layer and noble metal electrode, provide ultralow‐cost configuration. This PSC architecture is manufactured using a scalable and industrially compatible electrospray (ES) technique, which enables continuous printing of all the cell layers. The ES deposited electron transport layer and perovskite layer exhibit properties comparable to that of the laboratory‐scale spin coating method. The ES deposited carbon electrode layer exhibits superior conductivity and interfacial microstructure in comparison to films synthesized using the conventional doctor blading technique. As a result, the fully ES printed carbon‐based PSCs show a record 14.41% power conversion efficiency, rivaling the state‐of‐the‐art hole transporter‐free PSCs. These results will immediately have an impact on the scalable production of PSCs.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Unbiased Methylene C(sp3)–H Borylation of Acyclic Amides
Authors: Yang Yuhuan , Chen Lili , Xu Senmiao
Published: November 2020

We herein report amide directed enantioselective β‐C(sp3)−H borylation of unbiased methylene C−H bonds of acyclic amides enabled by iridium catalysis for the first time. The key to the success of this transformation relies on the careful selection of the combination of iridium precursor and chiral bidentate boryl ligands. A variety of functional groups are well‐tolerated, affording chiral β‐functionalized amides in good to excellent enantioselectivities. We also demonstrate the application of the current method by stereospecific conversion of C−B bond into other functionalities.
2‐(Dimethylamino)phosphinine: A Phosphorus‐Containing Aniline Derivative
Authors: Giese Steven , Klimov Katrin , Mikeházi Antal , Kelemen Zsolt , Frost Daniel S. , Steinhauer Simon , Müller Peter , Nyulászi László , Müller Christian
Published: November 2020

The yet unknown 2‐amino‐substituted λ3,σ2‐phosphinines are phosphorus‐containing aniline derivatives. Calculations show that the strong interaction of the π‐donating NR2 group with the aromatic system results in a high π‐density at the phosphorus atom. We could now synthesize 2‐N(CH3)2‐functionalized phosphinines, starting from a 3‐N(CH3)2‐substituted 2‐pyrone and (CH3)3Si‐C≡P. Their reaction with CuBr⋅S(CH3)2 affords CuI complexes with the first example of a neutral phosphinine acting as a rare bridging μ2‐P‐4e donor‐ligand between two CuI centers. Our experimental and theoretical investigations show that 2‐aminophosphinines are missing links in the series of known 2‐donor‐functionalized phosphinines.
Facile preparation of homogenous waterborne poly(urethane/acrylate) composites and the correlation between microstructure and improved properties
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhou Xing
Published: November 2020

Homogenous waterborne polyurethane/polyacrylate emulsions were synthesized based on the prepared polyurethane and polyacrylate through a facile process. The attention was attracted to the miscibility and performance of waterborne polyurethane and polyacrylate. The structures and properties of waterborne polyurethane and waterborne polyurethane/polyacrylate samples were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractometer, thermogravimetric, and so forth, as well as solid content and tensile testing. The results showed that the micro morphology of waterborne polyurethane/polyacrylate emulsion presented single‐phase structure with the stoichiometric polyacrylate content increasing from 33% to 80% to waterborne polyurethane. The waterborne polyurethane/polyacrylate films surface is rich in polyacrylate phase. Meanwhile, waterborne polyurethane/polyacrylate composites showed significant improvement in thermal stability and elongation at break, smaller particle size and narrower particle size distribution comparing with waterborne polyurethane.
Mechanochemically synthesized ZIF‐8 nanoparticles blended into 6FDA‐TrMPD membranes for C3H6/C3H8 separation
Authors: Liu Yongsheng , Kita Hidetoshi , Tanaka Kazuhiro , Imawaka Kota , Tanaka Shunsuke , Takewaki Takahiko
Published: November 2020

The mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) consisting zeolitic‐imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) nanoparticles in a polymer have been of considerable interest in separation applications. The fillers used are mostly synthesized using the solvothermal method. In this study, the ZIF‐8 nanoparticles were synthesized using a solvent‐less and salt‐free mechanochemical method and were added to 6FDA‐TrMPD polyimide to prepare MMMs. The single gas permeation of C3H6 and C3H8 through the MMMs was investigated. The C3H6 permeability and C3H6/C3H8 ideal selectivity of a 20 wt% mechano‐synthesized ZIF‐8/6FDA‐TrMPD MMM were 70% and 32% higher than those of the neat polymer membrane at 0.1 MPa and 308 K, respectively. The C3H6/C3H8 separation performance of the mechano‐synthesized ZIF‐8 MMM was similar to that of the conventional solvothermal‐synthesized ZIF‐8 MMM. This separation performance was in good agreement with the Maxwell model. Temperature and pressure dependence analyses confirmed that the mechano‐synthesized ZIF‐8 nanoparticles acted as molecular sieves in the MMMs for the C3H6 and C3H8 permeation.
Zeta Potential: Helping Operators Take Charge
Authors: Hart Vincent
Published: November 2020

Key Takeaways

Jar testing, commonly used to calculate the amount of coagulant needed for suspended particles to settle in water, has its drawbacks. Incorporating zeta potential provides numerous advantages.

There are two bench‐test methods that use zeta potential measurements; different situations determine the suitability of each method.

Measuring zeta potential has advanced as an effective testing method with expanded applications.
Digitizing a Statewide Map of Community Water System Service Areas
Authors: Gonsenhauser Rachel , Hansen Katy , Grimshaw Walker , Morris Jannette , Albertin Klaus , Mullin Megan
Published: November 2020

Key Takeaways

A digital map of all North Carolina water system service‐area boundaries allows for improved planning at all levels of government.

The process for digitizing maps is time‐consuming and requires nuance, especially because the input from different systems varies.

Creating an individual map of their service area can be challenging for low‐capacity systems; for this reason, providing assistance to these systems is essential.

Acquiring individual maps from system managers and maintaining the data over time require close partnerships.
Konzept zur BIM‐basierten Instandhaltung von Ingenieurbauwerken mit Monitoringsystemen
Authors: Hartung Robert , Naraniecki Hubert , Klemt‐Albert Katharina , Marx Steffen
Published: November 2020

Die Digitalisierung zählt zu den wichtigsten Veränderungsprozessen in diesem Jahrhundert und betrifft alle Bereiche unserer Gesellschaft. Im Bereich des Bauingenieurwesens bietet die Digitalisierung viele Potenziale für alle Phasen des Lebenszyklus von Bauwerken, die durch Verfügbarmachung von Daten und die Definition neuer Wege der Zusammenarbeit ausgebaut werden können. Digitale Methoden, insbesondere Building Information Modeling (BIM) und Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), bieten für Ingenieurbauwerke der Infrastruktur hervorragende Ansätze, diesem Gedanken gerecht zu werden und können einen Beitrag leisten, den Bauwerksbetrieb effizienter zu gestalten. Der Prozess der Bauwerksprüfung von Infrastrukturbauwerken folgt heute festgelegten Regelinspektionsfristen. Mithilfe des vorgestellten Konzepts soll durch die Verzahnung von BIM und SHM eine digital gestützte Instandhaltung von Eisenbahnbrücken entwickelt werden, um ein prädiktives Instandhaltungsmanagement zu ermöglichen und damit die Zuverlässigkeit von Ingenieurbauwerken über die Lebensdauer hinweg zu verbessern. Im Rahmen der Konzeptentwicklung werden die erforderlichen Methoden und Prozesse definiert, erklärt und harmonisiert.
CRISPR/Cas9: A new tool for the study and control of helminth parasites
Authors: Du Xiaofeng , McManus Donald P. , French Juliet D. , Jones Malcolm K. , You Hong
Published: November 2020

Recent reports of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in parasitic helminths open up new avenues for research on these dangerous pathogens. However, the complex morphology and life cycles inherent to these parasites present obstacles for the efficient application of CRISPR/Cas9‐targeted mutagenesis. This is especially true with the trematode flukes where only modest levels of gene mutation efficiency have been achieved. Current major challenges in the application of CRISPR/Cas9 for study of parasitic worms thus lie in enhancing gene mutation efficiency and overcoming issues involved in host passage so that mutated parasites survive. Strategies developed for CRISPR/Cas9 studies on Caenorhabditis elegans, protozoa and mammalian cells, including novel delivery methods, the choice of selectable markers, and refining mutation precision represent novel tactics whereby these impediments can be overcome. Furthermore, employing CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene drive to interfere with vector transmission represents a novel approach for the control of parasitic worms that is worthy of further exploration.
Porous Composites Embedded With Cu and Co Nanoparticles for Efficient Catalytic Reduction of 4‐Nitrophenol
Authors: Shin Heewoong , Oh Sojin , Jun Hyeji , Oh Moonhyun
Published: November 2020

The preparation of catalytically active composites consisting of a porous support and metal nanocatalysts is vital for the development of efficient catalytic systems. In particular, the development of porous composites containing inexpensive metal nanocatalysts instead of expensive noble metals is of great importance. Herein, we report the preparation of porous composites consisting of porous carbon (PC) or a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) as a support material, along with inexpensive Cu and Co as nanocatalysts. A composite of ZIF‐67 and metallic Cu nanoparticles (Cu@ZIF‐67) was produced from the simple thermal treatment of Cu2+‐incorporating ZIF‐67 (ZIF‐67/Cu2+) at 450°C. However, the high‐temperature pyrolysis of ZIF‐67/Cu2+ at 800°C resulted in a PC‐based composite containing metallic Cu and Co nanoparticles (Cu,Co@PC). The resulting Cu@ZIF‐67 and Cu,Co@PC samples exhibited efficient catalytic activity for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol to 4‐aminophenol.
Hypercalcemia caused by humoral effects and bone damage indicate poor outcomes in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Bao Li , Wang Yutong , Lu Minqiu , Chu Bin , Shi Lei , Gao Shan , Fang Lijuan , Xiang Qiuqing
Published: November 2020

Background

Hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM) is a serious metabolic complication, and the highest rates are in multiple myeloma (MM). The cause of hypercalcemia in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) remains unknown. We sought to evaluate the prognostic impact and mechanism of hypercalcemia in patients with symptomatic NDMM.

Methods

We studied all consecutive MM patients who were initially diagnosed and followed up at Beijing Jishuitan Hospital between February 2013 and December 2019; 357 patients were included in the retrospective analysis.

Results

A total of 16.8% of MM patients presented with hypercalcemia at the time of MM diagnosis. The presence of hypercalcemia was associated with higher serum levels of β2 microglobulin, creatinine, phosphorus, uric acid, procollagen I N‐terminal peptide, β‐carboxy‐terminal cross‐linking telopeptide of type I collagen and osteocalcin, lower serum levels of hemoglobin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and advanced ISS and R‐ISS stages. Multivariate analysis showed that serum PTH, hemoglobin, creatinine, and uric acid levels were the main factors affecting hypercalcemia. The presence of hypercalcemia was associated with significantly inferior survival (40 months vs 57 months, p < 0.05) based on univariate analysis, and it remained an independent poor prognostic factor (HR: 1.854, 95% CI: 1.006‐3.415, adjusted p = 0.048) in a multivariate model that included age and R‐ISS stage.

Conclusion

This study shows that hypercalcemia is associated with poor survival and is caused by manifold factors with humoral effects and local bone destruction.