bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOFB is a comprehensive ensemble deep learning approach for elucidating and characterizing protein-nucleic-acid-binding residues
Authors: Zhang Bin , Hou Zilong , Yang Yuning , Wong Ka-chun , Zhu Haoran , Li Xiangtao
Published: June 2024

Proteins and nucleic-acids are essential components of living organisms that interact in critical cellular processes. Accurate prediction of nucleic acid-binding residues in proteins can contribute to a better understanding of protein function. However, the discrepancy between protein sequence information and obtained structural and functional data renders most current computational models ineffective. Therefore, it is vital to design computational models based on protein sequence information to identify nucleic acid binding sites in proteins. Here, we implement an ensemble deep learning model-based nucleic-acid-binding residues on proteins identification method, called SOFB, which characterizes protein sequences by learning the semantics of biological dynamics contexts, and then develop an ensemble deep learning-based sequence network to learn feature representation and classification by explicitly modeling dynamic semantic information. Among them, the language learning model, which is constructed from natural language to biological language, captures the underlying relationships of protein sequences, and the ensemble deep learning-based sequence network consisting of different convolutional layers together with Bi-LSTM refines various features for optimal performance. Meanwhile, to address the imbalanced issue, we adopt ensemble learning to train multiple models and then incorporate them. Our experimental results on several DNA/RNA nucleic-acid-binding residue datasets demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. In addition, we conduct an interpretability analysis of the identified nucleic acid binding residue sequences based on the attention weights of the language learning model, revealing novel insights into the dynamic semantic information that supports the identified nucleic acid binding residues. SOFB is available at https://github.com/Encryptional/SOFB and https://figshare.com/articles/online_resource/SOFB_figshare_rar/25499452.
Tuning interfacial fluidity and colloidal stability of membranized coacervate protocells
Authors: Ji Yanglimin , Qiao Yan
Published: June 2024

The cell membrane not only serves as the boundary between the cell’s interior and the external environment but also plays a crucial role in regulating fundamental cellular behaviours. Interfacial membranization of membraneless coacervates, formed through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), represents a reliable approach to constructing hierarchical cell-like entities known as protocells. In this study, we demonstrate the capability to modulate the interfacial membrane fluidity and thickness of dextran-bound coacervate protocells by adjusting the molecular weight of dextran or utilizing dextranase-catalyzed hydrolysis. This modulation allows for rational control over colloidal stability, interfacial molecular transport and cell-protocell interactions. Our work opens a new avenue for surface engineering of coacervate protocells, enabling the establishment of cell-mimicking structures and behaviours.
Substrate scope expansion of 4-phenol oxidases by rational enzyme selection and sequence-function relations
Authors: Eggerichs Daniel , Weindorf Nils , Weddeling Heiner G. , Van der Linden Inja M. , Tischler Dirk
Published: June 2024

Enzymes are natures’ catalysts and will have a lasting impact on (organic) synthesis as they possess unchallenged regio- and stereo selectivity. On the downside, this high selectivity limits enzymes’ substrate range and hampers their universal application. Therefore, substrate scope expansion of enzyme families by either modification of known biocatalysts or identification of new members is a key challenge in enzyme-driven catalysis. Here, we present a streamlined approach to rationally select enzymes with proposed functionalities from the ever-increasing amount of available sequence data. In a case study on 4-phenol oxidoreductases, eight enzymes of the oxidase branch were selected from 292 sequences on basis of the properties of first shell residues of the catalytic pocket, guided by the computational tool A2CA. Correlations between these residues and enzyme activity yielded robust sequence-function relations, which were exploited by site-saturation mutagenesis. Application of a peroxidase-independent oxidase screening resulted in 16 active enzyme variants which were up to 90-times more active than respective wildtype enzymes and up to 6-times more active than the best performing natural variants. The results were supported by kinetic experiments and structural models. The newly introduced amino acids confirmed the correlation studies which overall highlights the successful logic of the presented approach.
The study of climate change: the need to “bring the state back in”
Authors: Chudnovsky Mariana , Fernandez José Carlos
Published: June 2024

How to address a “super wicked problem” like climate change is not only a policy sciences discussion but also a public administration one. Surprisingly, climate change has received little attention from the public administration field and public policy literature has given marginal attention to the role of the state apparatus in climate action. Especially, at the local level where it is crucial to address most of the adaptation agenda. This a serious problem since Latin America faces an especially challenging situation since the organizational capacity at the local level in the public sector is poor. State apparatuses with a low organizational capacity to process the complexity of certain public policies may distort and even ruin well-designed climate policies. Furthermore, empirical research on the role of public administrations in addressing climate change at the local level, despite its importance, remains extremely limited. Much of the discussion focuses on the design of policies to achieve this goal. If the organizational capacity of the agencies of the state is built only around specific policies to address very local challenges, we will miss the fact that they are tied up with systemic and intractable organizational practices and capacities. To examine the organizational capacity at the Latin American public sector local level to address climate challenges is as important as designing technically accurate policies and the debate on state capacity can shed light on how to do so. Finally, this article aims to open an agenda for research and a claim for local action.
A comprehensive review of sustainable materials and toolpath optimization in 3D concrete printing
Authors: Zhuang Zicheng , Xu Fengming , Ye Junhong , Hu Nan , Jiang Liming , Weng Yiwei
Published: June 2024

The construction sector has experienced remarkable advancements in recent years, driven by the demand for sustainable and efficient building practices. Among these advancements, 3D concrete printing has emerged as a highly promising technology that holds the potential to revolutionize the construction industry. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the latest developments in three vital areas related to 3D concrete printing: sustainable materials, structural optimization, and toolpath design. A systematic literature review approach is employed based on established practices in additive manufacturing for construction to explore the intersections between these areas. The review reveals that material recycling plays a crucial role in achieving sustainable construction practices. Extensive research has been conducted on structural optimization methodologies to enhance the performance and efficiency of 3D printed concrete structures. In the printing process, toolpath design plays a significant role in ensuring the precise and efficient deposition of concrete. This paper discusses various toolpath generation strategies that take factors such as geometric complexity, printing constraints, and material flow control into account. In summary, the insights presented in this paper may serve as guidelines for researchers, engineers, and industry professionals towards sustainable and efficient construction practices using 3D concrete printing technology.
Inducing a tunable skyrmion-antiskyrmion system through ion beam modification of FeGe films
Authors: Venuti M. B. , Zhang Xiyue S. , Lang Eric J. , Addamane Sadhvikas J. , Paik Hanjong , Allen Portia , Sharma Peter , Muller David , Hattar Khalid , Lu Tzu-Ming , Eley Serena
Published: June 2024

Skyrmions and antiskyrmions are nanoscale swirling textures of magnetic moments formed by chiral interactions between atomic spins in magnetic noncentrosymmetric materials and multilayer films with broken inversion symmetry. These quasiparticles are of interest for use as information carriers in next-generation, low-energy spintronic applications. To develop skyrmion-based memory and logic, we must understand skyrmion-defect interactions with two main goals—determining how skyrmions navigate intrinsic material defects and determining how to engineer disorder for optimal device operation. Here, we introduce a tunable means of creating a skyrmion-antiskyrmion system by engineering the disorder landscape in FeGe using ion irradiation. Specifically, we irradiate epitaxial B20-phase FeGe films with 2.8 MeV Au4+ ions at varying fluences, inducing amorphous regions within the crystalline matrix. Using low-temperature electrical transport and magnetization measurements, we observe a strong topological Hall effect with a double-peak feature that serves as a signature of skyrmions and antiskyrmions. These results are a step towards the development of information storage devices that use skyrmions and antiskyrmions as storage bits, and our system may serve as a testbed for theoretically predicted phenomena in skyrmion-antiskyrmion crystals.
Antiferromagnetic tunnel junctions for spintronics
Authors: Shao Ding-Fu , Tsymbal Evgeny Y.
Published: June 2024

Antiferromagnetic (AFM) spintronics has emerged as a subfield of spintronics, where an AFM Néel vector is used as a state variable. Efficient electric control and detection of the Néel vector are critical for spintronic applications. This review article features fundamental properties of AFM tunnel junctions (AFMTJs) as spintronic devices where such electric control and detection can be realized. We emphasize critical requirements for observing a large tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) effect in AFMTJs with collinear and noncollinear AFM electrodes, such as a momentum-dependent spin polarization and Néel spin currents. We further discuss spin torques in AFMTJs that are capable of Néel vector switching. Overall, AFMTJs have potential to become a new standard for spintronics providing larger magnetoresistive effects, few orders of magnitude faster switching speed, and much higher packing density than conventional magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs).
Multiferroic kinks and spin-flop transition in Ni2InSbO6 from first principles
Authors: Ono Ryota , Solovyev Igor , Artyukhin Sergey
Published: June 2024

Magnetoelectric multiferroics are key materials for next-generation spintronic devices due to their entangled magnetic and ferroelectric properties. Spiral multiferroics possess ferroelectric polarization and are particularly promising for electric control of magnetism and magnetic control of ferroelectricity. In this work, we uncover long-period incommensurate states characterized by unique multiferroic kinks in corundum nickelate Ni2InSbO6, a member of a promising family of polar magnets. Utilizing a 2-orbital S = 1 model, we derive formulas for Heisenberg and anisotropic magnetic exchanges and magnetically-induced polarization, enabling their calculations from first principles. We use these parameters in Monte Carlo and Landau theory-based calculations to reproduce experimentally observed magnetic structures and polarization dependence on the magnetic field. We predict magnetic phase transitions between flat spiral, conical spiral, canted antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic states under increasing magnetic fields. Kinks in the spiral phases repel each other through a Yukawa-like potential arising from exchange of massive magnons. We also find that suitably directed electric fields can be used to stabilize the ferromagnetic and spiral states. The findings open a new pathway to predictive first-principles modelling of multiferroics and will inspire experiments and technological applications based on multiferroic kinks.
Epsilon-near-zero regime for ultrafast opto-spintronics
Authors: Davies C. S. , Kirilyuk A.
Published: June 2024

Over the last two decades, breakthrough works in the field of non-linear phononics have revealed that high-frequency lattice vibrations, when driven to high amplitude by mid- to far-infrared optical pulses, can bolster the light-matter interaction and thereby lend control over a variety of spontaneous orderings. This approach fundamentally relies on the resonant excitation of infrared-active transverse optical phonon modes, which are characterized by a maximum in the imaginary part of the medium’s permittivity. Here, in this Perspective article, we discuss an alternative strategy where the light pulses are instead tailored to match the frequency at which the real part of the medium’s permittivity goes to zero. This so-called epsilon-near-zero regime, popularly studied in the context of metamaterials, naturally emerges to some extent in all dielectric crystals in the infrared spectral range. We find that the light-matter interaction in the phononic epsilon-near-zero regime becomes strongly enhanced, yielding even the possibility of permanently switching both spin and polarization order parameters. We provide our perspective on how this hitherto-neglected yet fertile research area can be explored in future, with the aim to outline and highlight the exciting challenges and opportunities ahead.
Observation of reentrant metal-insulator transition in a random-dimer disordered SSH lattice
Authors: Xu Ze-Sheng , Gao Jun , Iovan Adrian , Khaymovich Ivan M. , Zwiller Val , Elshaari Ali W.
Published: June 2024

The interrelationship between localization, quantum transport, and disorder has remained a fascinating focus in scientific research. Traditionally, it has been widely accepted in the physics community that in one-dimensional systems, as disorder increases, localization intensifies, triggering a metal-insulator transition. However, a recent theoretical investigation [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 106803] has revealed that the interplay between dimerization and disorder leads to a reentrant localization transition, constituting a remarkable theoretical advancement in the field. Here, we present the first experimental observation of reentrant localization using an experimentally friendly model, a photonic SSH lattice with random-dimer disorder, achieved by incrementally adjusting synthetic potentials. In the presence of correlated on-site potentials, certain eigenstates exhibit extended behavior following the localization transition as the disorder continues to increase. We directly probe the wave function in disordered lattices by exciting specific lattice sites and recording the light distribution. This reentrant phenomenon is further verified by observing an anomalous peak in the normalized participation ratio. Our study enriches the understanding of transport in disordered mediums and accentuates the substantial potential of integrated photonics for the simulation of intricate condensed matter physics phenomena.
Deterministic quasi-continuous tuning of phase-change material integrated on a high-volume 300-mm silicon photonics platform
Authors: Chen Rui , Tara Virat , Choi Minho , Dutta Jayita , Sim Justin , Ye Julian , Fang Zhuoran , Zheng Jiajiu , Majumdar Arka
Published: June 2024

Programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) consisting of reconfigurable on-chip optical components have been creating new paradigms in various applications, such as integrated spectroscopy, multi-purpose microwave photonics, and optical information processing. Among many reconfiguration mechanisms, non-volatile chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) exhibit a promising approach to the future very-large-scale programmable PICs, thanks to their zero static power and large optical index modulation, leading to extremely low energy consumption and ultra-compact footprints. However, the scalability of the current PCM-based programmable PICs is still limited since they are not directly off-the-shelf in commercial photonic foundries now. Here, we demonstrate a scalable platform harnessing the mature and reliable 300 mm silicon photonic fab, assisted by an in-house wide-bandgap PCM (Sb2S3) integration process. We show various non-volatile programmable devices, including micro-ring resonators, Mach-Zehnder interferometers and asymmetric directional couplers, with low loss (~0.0044 dB/µm), large phase shift (~0.012 π/µm) and high endurance (>5000 switching events with little performance degradation). Moreover, we showcase this platform’s capability of handling relatively complex structures such as multiple PIN diode heaters in devices, each independently controlling an Sb2S3 segment. By reliably setting the Sb2S3 segments to fully amorphous or crystalline state, we achieved deterministic multilevel operation. An asymmetric directional coupler with two unequal-length Sb2S3 segments showed the capability of four-level switching, beyond cross-and-bar binary states. We further showed unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometers with equal-length and unequal-length Sb2S3 segments, exhibiting reversible switching and a maximum of 5 ($$N+1,N=4$$

N
+
1
,
N
=
4

) and 8 ($${2}^{N},N=3$$

2

N

,
N
=
3

) equally spaced operation levels, respectively. This work lays the foundation for future programmable very-large-scale PICs with deterministic programmability.
Exploration of novel cationic amino acid-enriched short peptides: design, SPPS, biological evaluation and in silico study
Authors: Chandole Prashant K. , Pawar Tushar Janardan , Olivares-Romero José Luis , Tivari Sunil R. , Garcia Lara Bianney , Patel Harun , Ahmad Iqrar , Delgado-Alvarado Enrique , Kokate Siddhant V. , Jadeja Yashwantsinh
Published: June 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a critical challenge worldwide, necessitating the pursuit of novel approaches to counteract bacterial and fungal pathogens.
A LIBS spectrum baseline correction method based on the non-parametric prior penalized least squares algorithm
Authors: Ma Shengjie , Xu Shilong , Chen Youlong , Dou Zhenglei , Xia Yuhao , Ding Wanying , Dong Jiajie , Hu Yihua
Published: June 2024

LIBS spectrum baseline correction method based on non-parametric prior penalized least squares algorithm.
Machine learning-guided high throughput nanoparticle design
Authors: Ortiz-Perez Ana , van Tilborg Derek , van der Meel Roy , Grisoni Francesca , Albertazzi Lorenzo
Published: June 2024

Designing nanoparticles with desired properties is challenging due to the large combinatorial space and complex structure–function relationships. This process can be accelerated by combining microfluidics, high content imaging and active learning.
Chiral spin-crossover complexes based on an enantiopure Schiff base ligand with three chiral carbon centers
Authors: Regueiro Alejandro , García-López Víctor , Forment-Aliaga Alicia , Clemente-León Miguel
Published: June 2024

Four enantiopure spin-crossover complexes have been prepared in which the unexpected incorporation of acetone leads to an additional chiral center.
Tetracycline: structural characterization and antimicrobial properties of its water-soluble di-anionic bi-sodium salt
Authors: Tsigara Afroditi S. , Banti Christina N. , Hatzidimitriou Antonios , Hadjikakou Sotiris K.
Published: June 2024

The new water-soluble di-anionic bi-sodium salt of tetracycline (TC), an antibiotic in clinical use, with the formula {[TC]2−[Na+(MeOH)(H2O)] [Na+]·(H2O)}n (TCNa) was synthesized.
Optical detection of infectious SARS-CoV-2 virions by counting spikes
Authors: Kudryavtsev Denis S. , Mozhaeva Vera A. , Ivanov Igor A. , Siniavin Andrey E. , Kalmykov Alexey S. , Gritchenko Anton S. , Khlebtsov Boris N. , Wang Shao-Peng , Kang Bin , Tsetlin Victor I. , Balykin Victor I. , Melentiev Pavel N.
Published: June 2024

State-of-the-art fluorescent labels help to measure the virulence of viruses at the level of single virions and point the way to mass-available platforms for rapid testing and monitoring the spread of viruses in human and animal populations.
g-C3N4 nanosheet supported NiCo2O4 nanoparticles for boosting degradation of tetracycline under visible light and ultrasonic irradiation
Authors: Guo Qingfeng , Yan Changwang , Huang Zhenqian , Liu Yujie , Cheng Deshan , Lu Chaoyang , Ran Jianhua , Yang Yingkui
Published: June 2024

High-energy ball milling enables the integration of NiCo2O4 nanoparticles with g-C3N4 nanosheets for boosting catalytic degradation of tetracycline under visible light and ultrasonic irradiation.
DABCO-catalyzed esterification of N-pivaloyl-activated amides
Authors: Samuel Rajan Ida Angel Priya , Rajendran Saravanakumar
Published: June 2024

An organocatalytic protocol for esterification/thioesterification of amides.
Application of 3D printing for fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces with reversible wettability
Authors: Zhao Wenxuan , Zhan Yanlong , Li Wen , Hao Saisai , Amirfazli Alidad
Published: June 2024

This paper presents the preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces using FDM 3D printing technology. The wetting behavior of water droplets on the original and deformed surface can be reversibly changed between sliding and stick states.
Synthesis and hygrothermal aging of polycarbonates containing a bisphenol fluorene moiety
Authors: Lu Tao , Fang Wei , Zhou Qian , Liu Mengjuan , Wu Guozhang
Published: June 2024

This study aims to synthesize a specific type of polycarbonate with high refractive index, low birefringence, and resistance to hygrothermal aging.
Enhanced redox kinetics of Prussian blue analogues for superior electrochemical deionization performance
Authors: Li Jiabao , Wang Ruoxing , Han Lanlan , Wang Tianyi , El-Bahy Zeinhom M. , Mai Yiyong , Wang Chengyin , Yamauchi Yusuke , Xu Xingtao
Published: June 2024

The Mn substitution and structure optimization via ppy connection confer enhanced ion/electron migration to NiHCF. This results in rapid redox kinetics, improves electrode integrity, and ultimately ensures high desalination performance.
Encapsulation of crystalline and amorphous Sb2S3 within carbon and boron nitride nanotubes
Authors: Milligan Griffin M. , Cordova Dmitri Leo Mesoza , Yao Ze-Fan , Zhi Brian Y. , Scammell Lyndsey R. , Aoki Toshihiro , Arguilla Maxx
Published: June 2024

Nanotube encapsulation enables the isolation of optoelectronically active few- to single-chains of Sb2S3 while interfacial interaction dictates the formation of either crystalline or amorphous phases.
Asymmetric three-component Tsuji–Trost allylation reaction enabled by chiral aldehyde/palladium combined catalysis
Authors: Liu Jian-Hua , Wen Wei , Wu Zhu-Lian , Cai Tian , Huang Yan-Min , Guo Qi-Xiang
Published: June 2024

An asymmetric three-component allylation reaction is achieved under the promotion of chiral aldehyde/palladium combined catalysis via mixed Heck/allylation cascades.
A first-in-class dual-chelator theranostic agent designed for use with imaging-therapy radiometal pairs of different elements
Authors: Wood James L. , Ghosh Saikat , Houston Zachary H. , Fletcher Nicholas L. , Humphries James , Mardon Karine , Akhter Dewan T. , Tieu William , Ivashkevich Alesia , Wheatcroft Michael P. , Thurecht Kristofer J. , Codd Rachel
Published: June 2024

Covalent DFOB-DOTA dual chelator (‘D2’) binds 89Zr (DFOB) and 177Lu (DOTA) regio-selectively enabling 89Zr–177Lu pairing as a novel cancer-targeting theranostic.
The interplay of covalency, cooperativity, and coupling strength in governing C–H bond activation in Ni2E2 (E = O, S, Se, Te) complexes
Authors: Sharma Sunita , Pandey Bhawana , Rajaraman Gopalan
Published: June 2024

Is Ni2E2 complexes classified as dichalcogenide, subchalcogenide, or chalcogenide? Does C–H activation ability decrease down the series? What roles do Ni–E covalency and J play? These are answered using DFT and ab initio methods in this work.
Data‐driven adaptive control design for active stabilization of stratospheric airship imaging platform: A characteristic model approach
Authors: Chen Yanlin , Shen Shaoping , Guan Junjie , Hu Zikun
Published: June 2024

In response to the problem of disturbance in the imaging equipment of stratospheric airships, this study designs a vibration isolation and stability system for carrying imaging equipment. The system mainly consists of microprocessor, gimbal, voice coil motor (VCM) and rubber ring. By using adaptive control law based on characteristic model to control the double closed control loop of the motor composed of position loop and speed loop, the camera deflection caused by disturbance is effectively eliminated. Furthermore, in vertical vibration suppression, the adaptive control law based on the characteristic model is also applied to the double closed control loop of the voice coil motor, which removes most of the vertical vibration and realizes active vibration isolation. The passive isolation of the system is completed by rubber rings. The experimental results show that the vibration isolation and stabilization system have good performance in complex disturbance environments, effectively stabilizing the imaging equipment.
A fast algorithm for sparse signal recovery via fraction function
Authors: Cui Angang , He Haizhen , Yang Hong
Published: June 2024

In this article, a fast algorithm is studied to recover the sparse signals. It can be regarded as an extension of the parameterized fast iterative shrinkage‐thresholding algorithm from convex optimization to nonconvex optimization. Numerical results show that the proposed fast algorithm is efficient and fast in recovering the sparse signals.
RRER: A refined registration method based on contrast minimum for event and RGB cameras
Authors: Zhang Shijie , Tang Tao , Sang Fan , Pei Xuan , Hou Taogang
Published: June 2024

The precise perception of the surrounding environment in traffic scenes is an important part of an intelligent transportation system. The event camera could provide complementary information to traditional frame‐based cameras, such as high dynamic range, and high time resolution, in the perception of traffic targets. To improve the precision and reliability of perception as well as facilitate lots of RGB camera‐based studies introduced to event cameras directly, a refined registration method for event‐based cameras and RGB cameras on the basis of pixel‐level region segmentation is proposed, to provide a fusion method at pixel level. A total of eight sequences and a dataset containing 260 typical traffic scenes are contained in the experiment dataset, both selected from DSEC, a traffic event‐based dataset. The registered event image shows a better spatial consistency with RGB images visually. Compared to the baseline, the evaluation indicators, such as the performance of the contrast, the proportion of overlapping pixels, and average registration accuracy have been improved. In the traffic object segmentation task, the average boundary displacement error of our method has decreased and the max decline value has reached 79.665%, compared to the boundary displacement error between ground truth and baseline. These results indicate prospective applications in the perception of intelligent transportation systems combined with event and RGB cameras. The traffic dataset with pixel‐level semantic annotations will be provided soon.
Learning curve for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the United States: Large, untutored, single-operator experience
Authors: Khalaf Mai A , Ayoub Fares , Staggers Kristen A , El-Haj Johanna W , Jawaid Salmaan , Othman Mohamed O.
Published: June 2024

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)
allows removal of tumors en-bloc. Western adoption of ESD has been hindered by its steep
learning curve. Western data regarding ESD learning curve are limited. We analyzed the
learning curve of a single endoscopist at a tertiary referral center in the United
States.

All consecutive ESDs performed by a single
endoscopist at a tertiary referral center in the United States from 2015 through 2022 were
identified. Descriptive statistics and CUSUM analysis were used to describe the learning curve
for en-bloc, R0 resection, and resection speed.

In our study, 503 patients with 515 lesions were
included. Severe submucosal fibrosis was found in 17% of the lesions. The rates of en-bloc,
R0, and curative resections were 81.9%, 71.1%, and 68.4%, respectively. CUSUM analysis showed
that the learning curve plateaued at 268, 347, and 170 cases for en-bloc resection, R0
resection, and achieving a resection speed > 9 cm2/hr. Fibrosis significantly
affected the R0 resection rate in the regression analysis (95% confidence interval 0.21–0.55).
In colonic ESD curve analysis, the learning plateau was reached after 185 cases for both
en-bloc and R0 resection.

Following ex-vivo training in an animal model, an
untutored expert operator achieved competency in ESD between 250 and 350 procedures. Our data
can inform development of future training programs in the West.
Factors influencing school climate: an empirical study based on the TALIS principal survey
Authors: Jiang Xiaodi , Liu Ren
Published: June 2024

To explore the influencing factors of school climate, this paper used TALIS 2018 principal survey data and applied linear regression to examine the influence of three elements on school climate: external school environment and structure, principal personal characteristics, and principal leadership. According to the research targeting 198 principals from Shanghai secondary schools, all three aspects can influence the formation and development of school climate, with each influencing factor acting on different dimensions of school climate. These different paths are the mechanisms that influence the school climate in the education system. In addition, principal leadership plays a more important role than the other aspects in determining school climate. To create a school climate that is better suited to the development of all involved in the school, this paper offers suggestions on how to better select principals and improve their leadership skills.
Defining social innovation for post-secondary educational institutions: a concept analysis
Authors: Benzies K. M. , Nicholas D. B. , Hayden K. A. , Barnas T. , de Koning A. , Bharwani A. , Armstrong J. , Day J.
Published: June 2024

Education, research, and contribution to society through innovation are the three missions of post-secondary educational institutions. There is a gap in understanding the concept of social innovation for post-second educational institutions. A clear definition would: (a) guide institutional strategic direction and supports, (b) recognize and reward academic research in social innovation, and (c) enable accurate measurement of outcomes and impact of social innovation activities. To redress the definitional imprecision, Walker and Avant’s method was used to conduct a concept analysis of social innovation. Four multi-disciplinary databases were searched to identify 1830 records. Antecedents, defining attributes, and consequences of social innovation were extracted from 272 of these articles. Defining attributes were reconstructed to develop a new definition. For post-secondary educational institutions, social innovation was defined as the intentional implementation of a transdisciplinary initiative to address a social challenge enabled through collaborative action leading to new or improved capabilities and relationships with community to generate evidence-informed solutions that are more effective, efficient, just, and sustainable. With greater clarity about the definition of social innovation, post-secondary educational institutions can create strategic plans and allocate resources to fulfil the Third Mission. With an evidence-informed definition, post-secondary educational institutions can develop a measurement framework to demonstrate outcomes and impacts of social innovation.
Understanding the visitor complaints about urban green spaces: a thematic investigation of online reviews on nation gardens in Istanbul, Türkiye
Authors: Aydemir Buket , Çetinkaya Güney , Güngör Abdullah , Ömüriş Ece
Published: June 2024

Urban Green Spaces have become essential tools for promoting public health, especially in over-urbanized cities. Following visitors’ outdoor recreation experiences, this paper aims to identify visitors’ complaints about nation gardens in Istanbul. The study site consisted of 12 nation gardens in Istanbul. Initially, 38,965 Google Maps reviews about the nation gardens through December 2022 were screened. Then, 4143 comments containing the visitors’ complaints were identified. After gathering these comments in an Excel spreadsheet, the data was imported to MAXQDA software. Braun and Clarke’s six-phased thematic analysis approach was applied to explore codes and themes. Considering the visitors’ complaints, 91 codes were generated. Relevant codes are categorized under five themes: outdoor areas/physical characteristics, facilities, visitors’ interactions, accessibility/entrance management, and restrictions and security implications. Outdoor areas/physical characteristics, facilities, and visitor interactions are the most common complaints, followed by accessibility and security. Park planners can use visitor feedback to improve existing parks and design new ones, maximizing individual and social benefits, such as health outcomes, and ensuring the effective use of green spaces.
Guiding principles for next generation of plasma research for microelectronics
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: June 2024

Plasma applications, essential for semiconductor device manufacturing, must overcome several challenges to continue to drive progress.
Numerical investigation of forced convective MHD tangent hyperbolic nanofluid flow with heat source/sink across a permeable wedge
Authors: Assiri Taghreed A. , Bilal Muhammad , Mahmoud Emad E. , Ali Aatif , Asamoah Joshua Kiddy K. , Adnan
Published: June 2024

The combined effect of wedge angle and melting energy transfer on the tangent hyperbolic magnetohydrodynamics nanofluid flow across a permeable wedge is numerically evaluated. Electronic gadgets produce an excessive amount of heat while in operation, so tangent hyperbolic nanofluid (THNF) is frequently used to cool them. THNF has the potential to dissipate heat more efficiently, thereby lowering the possibility of excessive heat and malfunctioning components. The effects of thermal radiation and heat source/sink are also examined on the flow of THNF. The flow has been formulated in the form of PDEs, which are numerically computed through the MATLAB solver BVP4c. The numerical results of BVP4c are relatively compared to the published work for validity purposes. It has been detected that the results are accurate and reliable. Furthermore, from the graphical results, it has been perceived that the rising impact of the Weissenberg number accelerates the velocity and thermal profile. The effect of the power-law index parameter drops the fluid temperature, but enhances the velocity curve. The variation in the wedge angle boosts the shearing stress and energy propagation rate, whereas the increment of Wi declines both the energy transfer rate and skin friction.
Study on acoustic emission and local deformation characteristics of feldspar vein-intrusive metagabbro at different angles of splitting
Authors: Zhang Tongzhao , Ji Hongguang , Liu Zhiqiang , Cheng Shouye , Song Zhaoyang , Zhang Guangyu
Published: June 2024

Feldspar vein-intrusive metagabbro is a special geological structure, and different stress angles have an important influence on the fracture mode and deformation characteristics of metagabbro. A Brazilian splitting test on feldspar vein-intrusive metagabbro was performed using three distinct stress angles (0°, 45°, and 90°), and acoustic emission signals and strain characteristics were monitored synchronously during the test. The results showed that the damage pattern of the feldspar vein-intrusive metagabbro was related to the feldspar mineral perforation damage on the main rupture surface. With the increase in stress angle, the percentage of high peak frequency increased gradually. The phenomenon of strain lagging stress appeared in the rock samples before the peak damage. The feldspar minerals played a controlling role in the expansion of microcracks in the feldspar vein-intrusive metagabbro. Significant differences in the local deformation coordination of rocks under different stress angles were observed. The deformation coordination of rock samples with a stress angle of 0° was much lower than that of other rock samples. This study is of great significance for the understanding of the deformation and damage laws of similar geological structures and also provides an important theoretical basis for the stability of deep chambers.
Conservation, trade and (lack of) management of Sunda pangolins in Bali and Lombok
Authors: Chavez Jessica , Nijman Vincent
Published: June 2024

Context Limited information is available on the occurrence, conservation and management of Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) on Bali and Lombok, Indonesia. Some have even questioned their presence here. Aims We present an overview of the current knowledge of pangolins on Bali and Lombok. Methods Information was drawn from camera traps (2023), animal market surveys (1994–2024), and review of occurrence data (museum specimens, iNaturalist, literature), rescues and releases, and seizure data. Key results We document the presence of wild pangolins from 11 sites in Bali (1994–2023) and 5 sites in Lombok (1939–2022). We document 8 rescues from Bali (2015–2023) but none from Lombok; there have been 11 releases of single pangolins in the forest near the Luhur Besi Kalung temple in Bali (2016–2023). We did not record, or find any records of, pangolins offered for sale in four animal markets in Bali (1994–2024) and Lombok (2018–2024), but there was one seizure of 15 live pangolins in Bali in 2009, and, unusually, limited evidence of trade from Lombok and Bali. Conclusions There is a paucity of data of pangolins on Lombok, and on Bali the species appears to occur scattered throughout the island, with much of the contemporary information being derived from accidental encounters or rescues and active management of pangolins is largely absent. Implications Compared to other parts of Indonesia, the conservation status of Sunda pangolins on Bali and Lombok is less bleak, and despite their small size, these two islands on the easternmost edge of the species’ range may hold important populations.
Sensitivity of ocean circulation to warming during the Early Eocene greenhouse
Authors: Kirtland Turner Sandra , Ridgwell Andy , Keller Allison L. , Vahlenkamp Maximilian , Aleksinski Adam K. , Sexton Philip F. , Penman Donald E. , Hull Pincelli M. , Norris Richard D.
Published: June 2024

Multiple abrupt warming events (“hyperthermals”) punctuated the Early Eocene and were associated with deep-sea temperature increases of 2 to 4 °C, seafloor carbonate dissolution, and negative carbon isotope (δ
13
C) excursions. Whether hyperthermals were associated with changes in the global ocean overturning circulation is important for understanding their driving mechanisms and feedbacks and for gaining insight into the circulation’s sensitivity to climatic warming. Here, we present high-resolution benthic foraminiferal stable isotope records (δ
13
C and δ
18
O) throughout the Early Eocene Climate Optimum (~53.26 to 49.14 Ma) from the deep equatorial and North Atlantic. Combined with existing records from the South Atlantic and Pacific, these indicate consistently amplified δ
13
C excursion sizes during hyperthermals in the deep equatorial Atlantic. We compare these observations with results from an intermediate complexity Earth system model to demonstrate that this spatial pattern of δ
13
C excursion size is a predictable consequence of global warming-induced changes in ocean overturning circulation. In our model, transient warming drives the weakening of Southern Ocean-sourced overturning circulation, strengthens Atlantic meridional water mass aging gradients, and amplifies the magnitude of negative δ
13
C excursions in the equatorial to North Atlantic. Based on model-data consistency, we conclude that Eocene hyperthermals coincided with repeated weakening of the global overturning circulation. Not accounting for ocean circulation impacts on δ
13
C excursions will lead to incorrect estimates of the magnitude of carbon release driving hyperthermals. Our finding of weakening overturning in response to past transient climatic warming is consistent with predictions of declining Atlantic Ocean overturning strength in our warm future.
Natural scenes reveal diverse representations of 2D and 3D body pose in the human brain
Authors: Zhu Hongru , Ge Yijun , Bratch Alexander , Yuille Alan , Kay Kendrick , Kersten Daniel
Published: June 2024

Human pose, defined as the spatial relationships between body parts, carries instrumental information supporting the understanding of motion and action of a person. A substantial body of previous work has identified cortical areas responsive to images of bodies and different body parts. However, the neural basis underlying the visual perception of body part relationships has received less attention. To broaden our understanding of body perception, we analyzed high-resolution fMRI responses to a wide range of poses from over 4,000 complex natural scenes. Using ground-truth annotations and an application of three-dimensional (3D) pose reconstruction algorithms, we compared similarity patterns of cortical activity with similarity patterns built from human pose models with different levels of depth availability and viewpoint dependency. Targeting the challenge of explaining variance in complex natural image responses with interpretable models, we achieved statistically significant correlations between pose models and cortical activity patterns (though performance levels are substantially lower than the noise ceiling). We found that the 3D view-independent pose model, compared with two-dimensional models, better captures the activation from distinct cortical areas, including the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). These areas, together with other pose-selective regions in the LOTC, form a broader, distributed cortical network with greater view-tolerance in more anterior patches. We interpret these findings in light of the computational complexity of natural body images, the wide range of visual tasks supported by pose structures, and possible shared principles for view-invariant processing between articulated objects and ordinary, rigid objects.
Asymmetric allostery in estrogen receptor-α homodimers drives responses to the ensemble of estrogens in the hormonal milieu
Authors: Min Charles K. , Nwachukwu Jerome C. , Hou Yingwei , Russo Robin J. , Papa Alexandra , Min Jian , Peng Rouming , Kim Sung Hoon , Ziegler Yvonne , Rangarajan Erumbi S. , Izard Tina , Katzenellenbogen Benita S. , Katzenellenbogen John A. , Nettles Kendall W.
Published: June 2024

The estrogen receptor-α (ER) is thought to function only as a homodimer but responds to a variety of environmental, metazoan, and therapeutic estrogens at subsaturating doses, supporting binding mixtures of ligands as well as dimers that are only partially occupied. Here, we present a series of flexible ER ligands that bind to receptor dimers with individual ligand poses favoring distinct receptor conformations—receptor conformational heterodimers—mimicking the binding of two different ligands. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the pairs of different ligand poses changed the correlated motion across the dimer interface to generate asymmetric communication between the dimer interface, the ligands, and the surface binding sites for epigenetic regulatory proteins. By examining the binding of the same ligand in crystal structures of ER in the agonist vs. antagonist conformers, we also showed that these allosteric signals are bidirectional. The receptor conformer can drive different ligand binding modes to support agonist vs. antagonist activity profiles, a revision of ligand binding theory that has focused on unidirectional signaling from the ligand to the coregulator binding site. We also observed differences in the allosteric signals between ligand and coregulator binding sites in the monomeric vs. dimeric receptor, and when bound by two different ligands, states that are physiologically relevant. Thus, ER conformational heterodimers integrate two different ligand-regulated activity profiles, representing different modes for ligand-dependent regulation of ER activity.
Assessing the potential of LLM-assisted annotation for corpus-based pragmatics and discourse analysis
Authors: Yu Danni , Li Luyang , Su Hang , Fuoli Matteo
Published: June 2024

Certain forms of linguistic annotation, like part of speech and semantic tagging, can be automated with high
accuracy. However, manual annotation is still necessary for complex pragmatic and discursive features that lack a direct mapping
to lexical forms. This manual process is time-consuming and error-prone, limiting the scalability of function-to-form approaches
in corpus linguistics. To address this, our study explores the possibility of using large language models (LLMs) to automate
pragma-discursive corpus annotation. We compare GPT-3.5 (the model behind the free-to-use version of ChatGPT), GPT-4 (the model
underpinning the precise mode of Bing chatbot), and a human coder in annotating apology components in English based on the local
grammar framework. We find that GPT-4 outperformed GPT-3.5, with accuracy approaching that of a human coder. These results suggest
that LLMs can be successfully deployed to aid pragma-discursive corpus annotation, making the process more efficient, scalable,
and accessible.
Gendering the language of genocide
Authors: Mañero Laura Miñano
Published: June 2024

Exploring the Holocaust through a gendered lens, this article examines linguistic aggression against women in Nazi
concentration camps. While extensive scholarship connects language to genocide, the imbrication between gender, language and
genocide remains an under-researched subject. To further this discussion, I analyze female survivors’ memoirs to explore the
processes of semantic deprecation through metaphorization. Relying on cognitive semantics (Lakoff and Johnson 1980), I concentrate on euphemistic and dysphemistic metaphors that construct women’s identities in
terms of otherness, by means of zoosemic and reifying conceptualizations, among others. The sources under examination encompass
Jewish survivors Liana Millu (2001); Gisella Perl
(2019), and Anne-Lise Stern (2004), and non-Jewish resisters Margarete Buber-Neumann (2008); Wanda Półtawska (1989),
and Germaine Tillion (1997). Considering the relationship between metaphorical language and perceived stereotypes about women and
the feminine, and focusing on specific lexical items, I hope to unravel the nexus between linguistic aggression and patriarchal
structures in the concentration camp system. I argue that metaphorization reinforced women’s inferior position and perpetuated
gender stereotypes. I suggest that, paradoxically, this violence also triggered empowering processes of linguistic
reappropriation, asserting the victims’ agency.