bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enchanting encounters in ordinary writing for children
Authors: Hunter Carolyn , Kivinen Nina H.
Published: April 2024

We invite you to explore with us the enchanting affects that move us, through ordinary moments in writing for children. Enchantment shows how we are entangled with the world, that which surprises us and builds a sense of wonder. A wind in the trees, a gentle smile, a look of horror. The smell of fresh coffee and the final words of a manuscript. We explore enchantment as mundane but gendered experiences which entail a promise and a potentiality, one that is part of power relations, and where an ethical possibility to engage in the world differently emerges. This paper shows how enchantment is not a detachment from, but a connection to the world. Through interviews with children's writers, we ask how enchanting affect can help us to see work through a different ethical lens.
Patient versus physician preferences for lipid‐lowering drug therapy: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Zhang Lingli , Chen Jiali , Cao Zhaoliu , Zhang Mengdie , Ma Rui , Zhang Pei , Yao Guiqing , Li Xin
Published: April 2024

Background

The emergence of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors offered dyslipidemia patients an alternative to statins for lipid‐lowering treatment. Understanding patient and physician preferences for lipid‐lowering drugs may promote shared decision‐making and improve treatment outcomes.

Methods

This study utilized an online discrete choice experiment (DCE) to assess the relative importance (RI) of six attributes related to lipid‐lowering drugs, including frequency of administration, mode of administration, reduction of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) level, risk of myopathy, risk of liver damage, and out‐of‐pocket monthly cost. Respondents were recruited from dyslipidemia patients and cardiovascular physicians in China. A mixed logit model and latent class analysis were employed to estimate the preference coefficient, marginal willingness to pay (mWTP), and RI of attributes. Ethical approval has been obtained for this study.

Results

A total of 708 patients and 507 physicians participated in the survey. Patients prioritized the ‘risk of liver damage’ (RI = 23.6%) with ‘mode of administration’ (RI = 19.2%) and ‘frequency of administration’ (RI = 18.8%) following closely. Contrarily, physicians prioritized the ‘reduction of LDL‐C level’ (RI = 33.5%), followed by ‘risk of liver damage’ (RI = 26.0%) and ‘risk of myopathy’ (RI = 16.1%). Patients placed a higher value on ‘frequency of administration’ (p < .001) and ‘mode of administration’ (p < .001) compared to physicians, while physicians valued ‘reduction of LDL‐C level’ (p < .001) and ‘risk of myopathy’ (p = .012) more than patients. Physicians exhibited higher mWTP than patients for all attributes except frequency and mode of administration. The LCA revealed three distinct patient classes: focus on oral administration, focus on hepatic safety and frequency and focus on hepatic safety and cost. Likewise, three physician classes were identified: frequency‐insensitive, efficacy‐focused and safety‐focused.

Conclusions

The preferences for lipid‐lowering drug therapy differed between patients and physicians in China. Physicians should take into account patients' preferences and provide personalized treatment when they formulate lipid‐lowering treatment plans.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients participated in the questionnaire design process. They engaged in a focus group discussion to determine attributes and levels and also participated in a pilot survey to assess the comprehensibility of the questionnaires. Additionally, patients were involved in the DCE survey to express their preferences. The findings of patient preference for lipid‐lowering drug therapy will promote shared decision‐making and optimize the treatment regimen.
The use of information and communication technologies by adolescents living with a mental illness in the past 5 years: Scoping review
Authors: Caron Marie‐Ève , Maltais Nathalie , Corriveau Stacy , Rassy Jessica
Published: April 2024

The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) is a huge part of adolescents' lives, especially by those living with a mental illness. However, very few studies explore their experience with the use of ICT and how it affects their health. The purpose of this study was to better understand the use of ICT by adolescents living with a mental illness. A scoping review was undertaken using Arksey and O'Malley's method to explore this understudied topic. The following databases were searched: Medline, CINAHL and Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection. Studies published between 2017 and 2022 were included. Data were analysed using a data extraction and an analysis grid developed by the research team. Of 1984 articles, only seven met the inclusion criteria. These articles allowed for a better understanding of the type of mental illness these young ICT users had, the type of ICT they use and their overall experience using ICT. The diagnoses most associated with the use of these ICT were suicidal ideation, depression, anxiety and eating illnesss. Types of ICT used were very diverse and adolescents had both positive and negative experiences using these ICT. Very few interventions using ICT were developed according to the needs of adolescents with mental illness. These adolescents often cope with the help of ICT and can have an overall positive experience. Their experience can also be negative as some of them were exposed to suicide‐related and violent content. Future research is needed to better understand the best ICT interventions for these young people.
The frictional energy absorber effectiveness and its impact on the pressure ulcer prevention performance of multilayer dressings
Authors: Marché Cécile , Creehan Sue , Gefen Amit
Published: April 2024

Pressure ulcers including heel ulcers remain a global healthcare concern. This study comprehensively evaluates the biomechanical effectiveness of the market‐popular ALLEVYN® LIFE multilayer dressing in preventing heel ulcers. It focuses on the contribution of the frictional sliding occurring between the non‐bonded, fully independent layers of this dressing type when the dressing is protecting the body from friction and shear. The layer‐on‐layer sliding phenomenon, which this dressing design enables, named here the frictional energy absorber effectiveness (FEAE), absorbs approximately 30%–45% of the mechanical energy resulting from the foot weight, friction and shear acting to distort soft tissues in a supine position, thereby reducing the risk of heel ulcers. Introducing the novel theoretical FEAE formulation, new laboratory methods to quantify the FEAE and a review of relevant clinical studies, this research underlines the importance of the FEAE in protecting the heels of at‐risk patients. The work builds on a decade of research published by our group in analysing and evaluating dressing designs for pressure ulcer prevention and will be useful for clinicians, manufacturers, regulators and reimbursing bodies in assessing the effectiveness of dressings indicated or considered for prophylactic use.
Factors associated with health behaviours among stroke survivors: A mixed‐methods study using COM‐B model
Authors: Zhang Mengyu , Guo Lina , Namassevayam Genoosha , Wei Miao , Xie YuYing , Guo Yuanli , Liu Yanjin
Published: April 2024

Aims

To identify factors associated with health behaviours among stroke survivors, through a multi‐centre study.

Design

A sequential mixed methods design.

Methods

In the quantitative research phase, a total of 350 participants were recruited through multi‐stage sampling from December 2022 to June 2023. General information questionnaires, The Stroke Prevention Knowledge Questionnaire (SPKQ), Short Form Health Belief Model Scale (SF‐HBMS), Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLPII), and the WHOQOL‐BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire, Brief Version) were distributed across five tertiary hospitals in Henan province, China. For the qualitative research component, semi‐structured interviews were conducted to explore the barriers and facilitators of health behaviour. This study adheres to the GRAMMS guidelines.

Results

A total of 315 participants (90.0%) completed the survey. Identified barriers to health behaviour included residing in rural areas, higher scores on the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and mRS, as well as lower scores on SPKQ, SF‐HBMS and WHOQOL‐BREF. Twenty‐four individuals participated in qualitative interviews. Twenty‐eight themes were identified and categorised by frequency, covering areas such as knowledge, skills, intentions, social influences, social/professional role and identity, environmental context and resources, beliefs about capabilities, beliefs about consequences and behavioural regulation. Both quantitative and qualitative data suggested that health behaviour among stroke survivors is at a moderate level, and the identified barrier factors can be mapped into the COM‐B model (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour).

Conclusion

The study indicates that key barriers to health behaviour among stroke survivors align with the COM‐B model. These identified factors should be carefully considered in the planning of future systematic interventions aimed at improving health behaviours among stroke survivors.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients were invited to completed questionnaires in the study and semi‐structured interviews. The investigators provided explanation of this study’ content, purpose and addressed issues during the data collection.
Severe hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet syndrome requiring differentiation of thrombotic microangiopathy: Four cases from a nationwide survey in Japan
Authors: Komatsu Reina , Mimura Kazuya , Matsuyama Tatsuya , Kawanishi Yoko , Nakamura Hitomi , Tomimatsu Takuji , Endo Masayuki , Kimura Tadashi
Published: April 2024

Severe cases of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet (HELLP) syndrome requiring plasma exchange or dialysis should be differentiated from other thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) and treated appropriately. To evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of such cases in Japan, a questionnaire‐based survey was conducted among obstetricians who are members of the Perinatal Research Network Group in Japan. There were a total of 335 cases of HELLP syndrome over a 3‐year period in the 48 facilities that responded to the survey. Four patients required plasma exchange or dialysis, of which two were diagnosed with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and two with TMA secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus. Although such severe HELLP syndrome is rare, identifying the clinical features and making accurate differential diagnosis are critical for optimal clinical outcomes for mothers and neonates.
Detection of pathological contrast enhancement with synthetic brain imaging from quantitative multiparametric MRI
Authors: Donatelli Graziella , Migaleddu Gianmichele , Cencini Matteo , Cecchi Paolo , D'Amelio Claudio , Peretti Luca , Buonincontri Guido , Tosetti Michela , Costagli Mauro , Cosottini Mirco
Published: April 2024

Background and Purpose

We aimed to test whether synthetic T1‐weighted imaging derived from a post‐contrast Quantitative Transient‐state Imaging (QTI) acquisition enabled revealing pathological contrast enhancement in intracranial lesions.

Methods

The analysis included 141 patients who underwent a 3 Tesla‐MRI brain exam with intravenous contrast media administration, with the post‐contrast acquisition protocol comprising a three‐dimensional fast spoiled gradient echo (FSPGR) sequence and a QTI acquisition. Synthetic T1‐weighted images were generated from QTI‐derived quantitative maps of relaxation times and proton density. Two neuroradiologists assessed synthetic and conventional post‐contrast T1‐weighted images for the presence and pattern of pathological contrast enhancement in intracranial lesions. Enhancement volumes were quantitatively compared.

Results

Using conventional imaging as a reference, synthetic T1‐weighted imaging was 93% sensitive in revealing the presence of contrast enhancing lesions. The agreement for the presence/absence of contrast enhancement was almost perfect both between readers (k = 1 for both conventional and synthetic imaging) and between sequences (k = 0.98 for both readers). In 91% of lesions, synthetic T1‐weighted imaging showed the same pattern of contrast enhancement visible in conventional imaging. Differences in enhancement pattern in the remaining lesions can be due to the lower spatial resolution and the longer acquisition delay from contrast media administration of QTI compared to FSPGR. Overall, enhancement volumes appeared larger in synthetic imaging.

Conclusions

QTI‐derived post‐contrast synthetic T1‐weighted imaging captures pathological contrast enhancement in most intracranial enhancing lesions. Further comparative studies employing quantitative imaging with higher spatial resolution is needed to support our data and explore possible future applications in clinical trials.
The first primer for the QuantCrit‐curious critical race theorist or psychologist: On intersectionality theory, interaction effects, and AN(C)OVA/regression models
Authors: Vargas Jose H. , Peet J. Zak
Published: April 2024

Moderated general linear modeling (MGLM) is a highly popular statistical approach in the social sciences, as it allows analysts to examine the separate and interactive effects of 2+ variables on a numerically‐measured outcome. Despite correspondences between MGLM and intersectionality theory, interdisciplinary cross‐communication is rare. Quantitative research can be strengthened when vetted through a critical race theory (CRT) framework. Also, qualitative intersectionality work can be complemented with statistics. To promote greater appreciation and usage of MGLM in CRT‐informed psychological research, it is argued that readers, reviewers, and editors should familiarize themselves with the basics of QuantCrit. Have all variables been accurately measured? Has the dataset been properly structured? Have all statistical assumptions been met? What data tables and figures are reported? How are the results interpreted? This primer addresses these questions while minimizing MGLM technicalities. After covering the historical context of QuantCrit, data from a houselessness dataset are examined to demonstrate the QuantCrit protocols. Limitations of MGLM, as well as QuantCrit‐based guidelines for reporting MGLM results, are discussed.
Neutrophil response to Porphyromonas gingivalis is modulated by low‐level laser application
Authors: Özkan Karasu Yerda , Öner Fatma , Kantarci Alpdogan
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Neutrophil response is critical in inflammatory regulation and immune response to bacterial infections. During periodontal disease, pathogenic bacteria lead to exaggerated neutrophil responses. We hypothesized that low‐level laser application (LLLT), therapeutic strategy for dampening inflammatory processes, will regulate neutrophil activity in response to periodontopathogens.

Materials and Methods

The impact of LLLT on neutrophil responses was measured by light delivered at wavelength of 850 nm. The direct effect of LLLT on P. gingivalis A7436 was determined by flow cytometry using LIVE/DEADTM Cell Vitality kit. The phagocytosis of P. gingivalis A7436 by human neutrophils was measured using flow cytometry. Superoxide generation was measured by cytochrome‐C‐reduction in the presence of N‐formyl‐L‐methionyl‐L‐leucyl‐L‐phenylalanine (fMLP; 1 mM). Cytokine release by neutrophils was measured by multiplex immunoassay.

Results

The phagocytosis of P. gingivalis by primary human neutrophils was significantly reduced in response to LLLT (p < 0.05). While LLLT led to increased superoxide production in neutrophils that were not challenged by P. gingivalis, it dampened the increased superoxide and IL‐6 release by the neutrophils in response to P. gingivalis. LLLT did not directly affect the viability of P. gingivalis.

Conclusion

These results suggested that LLLT can provide therapeutic strategy in periodontal disease, regulating the neutrophil response to P. gingivalis.
Kierkegaard on the Relationship Between Practical and Epistemic Reasons for Belief
Authors: Quanbeck Z
Published: April 2024

On the dominant contemporary accounts of how practical considerations affect what we ought to believe, practical considerations either encroach on epistemic rationality by affecting whether a belief is epistemically justified, or constitute distinctively practical reasons for belief which can only affect what we ought to believe by conflicting with epistemic rationality. This paper argues that Søren Kierkegaard offers a promising alternative view on which practical considerations can affect what we ought to believe without either encroaching on or (necessarily) conflicting with epistemic rationality by determining which among the epistemically permitted outright doxastic attitudes one should all‐things‐considered adopt.
Smallholder farms in the sustainable food transition: A critical examination of the new Common Agricultural Policy
Authors: Alessandrini Mirta , Alblas Edwin , Batten Lin , Bothé Sumira
Published: April 2024

Almost two thirds of working farms in the European Union are considered smallholder farms. These farms play a crucial role in local food production, rural development, maintaining agrobiodiversity, and promoting cultural heritage. Despite this, agricultural policies have consistently supported on‐farm intensification, specialisation, enlargement, and mechanisation of agricultural production. These policies have been in turn commonly justified through food security and agricultural efficiency arguments. Considering the European Union's Farm to Fork Strategy and the Green Deal's aims of transitioning towards sustainable food systems, this article presents a novel empirical analysis of the legal position of small farmers in the new Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of 2023. This analysis outlines the critical but complex position of smallholder farmers in the National Strategic Plans of 10 Member States. The reformed CAP increasingly acknowledges the important role of smallholder farmers in moving towards sustainable food systems. However, in this article, we question the CAP's sufficiency for improving the legal position of smallholders, promoting (economic) viability and harnessing the sustainability potential of smallholder farms.
Behavioural instruments in environmental law and policy: Potential and challenges
Authors: Shen Yayun , Faure Michael
Published: April 2024

The behavioural revolution in law and economics led to the insight that command‐and‐control and market‐based instruments have limitations in bringing about behavioural change. Environmental behavioural instruments use persuasive strategies or techniques rather than direct incentives to encourage environmentally responsible decision‐making. This article investigates the potential and challenges of behavioural instruments in environmental policy based on a survey of theories and examples concerning environmental behavioural instruments. Behavioural instruments can reduce the information costs of environmental regulation while increasing self‐efficacy for environmental compliance. More importantly, behavioural instruments can be cheap and effective by activating various norms in specific contexts. However, the behavioural approach, because of its focus on individual compliance, may not be well suited to address (transboundary) externalities. Behavioural instruments are especially important in generating positive externalities by appealing to social norms. Such mechanisms are, however, less suited to internalising negative externalities. The effects of behavioural instruments may not be easily guaranteed (in the long run), especially when the environmental goal of the behavioural approach clashes with private interests or fails to consider individual differences and contextual factors. We therefore argue that behavioural instruments should be included alongside standard regulatory tools, thus reaching an optimal mix between both.
Blocking lipid synthesis induces DNA damage in prostate cancer and increases cell death caused by PARP inhibition
Authors: Ribeiro Caroline Fidalgo , Rodrigues Silvia , Bastos Debora Campanella , Fanelli Giuseppe Nicolò , Pakula Hubert , Foiani Marco , Zadra Giorgia , Loda Massimo
Published: April 2024

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the primary treatment for prostate cancer; however, resistance to ADT invariably develops, leading to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Prostate cancer progression is marked by increased de novo synthesis of fatty acids due to overexpression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), making this enzyme a therapeutic target for prostate cancer. Inhibition of FASN results in increased intracellular amounts of ceramides and sphingomyelin, leading to DNA damage through the formation of DNA double-strand breaks and cell death. We found that combining a FASNi with the poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib, which induces cell death by blocking DNA damage repair, resulted in a more pronounced reduction in cell growth than that caused by either drug alone. Human CRPC organoids treated with a combination of PARP and FASNi were smaller, had decreased cell proliferation, and showed increased apoptosis and necrosis. Together, these data indicate that targeting FASN increases the therapeutic efficacy of PARP inhibitors by impairing DNA damage repair, suggesting that combination therapies should be explored for CRPC.
A hypothesis-based hop microbiology laboratory module testing the plausibility of the mythical origin of the India Pale Ale
Authors: Molina Pineda Julio , Scholes Amanda N. , Lewis Jeffrey A.
Published: April 2024

As one of the most famous fermented drinks in the world, beer is an especially relatable topic for microbiology courses. Here, we describe a short and easily adaptable module based on the antibacterial properties of hops used in brewing. By the 15th century, beer recipes included hops (the flower of the
Humulus lupulus
plant) as a bittering agent and antimicrobial. By the 19th century, the highly hopped Indian Pale Ale (IPA) became popular, and a modern myth has emerged that IPAs were invented to survive long ocean voyages such as from Britain to India. With that myth in mind, we designed a hypothesis-driven microbiology lab module that tests the plausibility of this brewing myth—namely that highly hopped beers possess enough antibacterial activity to prevent spoilage, while lowly hopped beers do not. The overall design of the module is to test the antimicrobial properties of hops using petri plates containing varying concentrations of hop extract. The module includes hypothesis generation and testing related to bacterial physiology and cell envelope morphology (hops are not equally effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria) and to mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance (as beer spoilage bacteria have repeatedly evolved hop resistance). Pre- and post-assessment showed that students made significant gains in the learning objectives for the module, which encourages critical thinking and hypothesis testing by linking microbial physiology and antimicrobial resistance to an important and topical real-world application.
Space-like electromagnetic form factors of lambda- and sigma-baryons from quark-diquark Faddeev equations
Authors: Liu Langtian , Fischer Christian S.
Published: April 2024

An important goal of ongoing and future experiments is to explore spectra and transition form factors of baryons with non-zero strangeness. Of particular interest is the transition form factor$$\gamma ^{(*)} \Sigma ^0 \rightarrow \Lambda $$

γ

(

∗
)

Σ
0

→
Λ

in the time-like momentum region that can be extracted from Dalitz decays. On the road towards a theoretical description of these form factors we extend a covariant dynamical quark-diquark model for the baryon Faddeev equation to the strange-quark sector. Based on an excellent description of the mass spectrum of selected baryon octet and decuplet states and reasonable results for the nucleon form factors we determine the elastic electromagnetic form factors of $$\Lambda $$
Λ
and $$\Sigma ^+, \Sigma ^0, \Sigma ^-$$

Σ
+

,

Σ
0

,

Σ
-

hyperons in the space-like region as well as the ones for the octet transition $$\gamma ^{(*)} \Sigma ^0 \rightarrow \Lambda $$

γ

(

∗
)

Σ
0

→
Λ

. We discuss qualitative and quantitative features of the diquark-quark picture and compare systematically with previous results from a three-body Faddeev approach and lattice data where available.
An Integrated Reservoir Predictor Based on Spatiotemporal Information Transformation
Authors: Yang Na , Hong Renhao , Chen Pei , liu Zhengrong
Published: April 2024

Multistep prediction of high-dimensional time series is an essential and challenging task. In this study, we propose an integrated reservoir predictor for making accurate and robust multistep-ahead forecasts based on short-term high-dimensional time series. Initially, a conjugated pair of Spatiotemporal Information (STI) equations is derived using Takens’ embedding theory to transform the spatial information of high-dimensional variables into one-dimensional temporal information of the target variable and vice versa. Next, by exploiting reservoir networks, reservoir-based STI equations are established to efficiently capture nonlinear dynamics of the target system with only linear optimization. Then, through an integration phase, the integrated reservoir predictor can output precise and robust predictions of the multistep-ahead states of any target variable. The integrated reservoir predictor outperforms some other prediction methods (including reservoir computing, long-short-term-memory network, convolutional neural network and support vector regression), when applied to classical dynamic systems (e.g. 60D double scroll model, 40D Lorenz 96 model, and 60D Rössler model) and real-world datasets (solar generation data and PM2.5 concentration records), as indicated by evaluation metrics such as Pearson correlation coefficients exceeding 0.9 and root-mean-square errors below 0.3, even in the presence of noise in training data.
Comparative Study on the Electrochemical Behaviors of Positive Electrode Materials of Lithium-ion Batteries during Overdischarge
Authors: Kim Bong Jin , Youn Geon Woo , Song Inje , Oh Sein , Ryu Ji Heon
Published: April 2024

As lithium-ion battery (LIB) use rises, recycling becomes imperative. Efficiently overdischarging LIBs for residual energy extraction is crucial for safe recycling. Our study analyzes the electrochemical behavior during overdischarge for positive electrode materials, including LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622), LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811), LiFePO4 (LFP), LiCoO2 (LCO), and LiMn2O4 (LMO). Electrochemical evaluations involve half cells and full cells subjected to constant current overdischarge beyond normal operating ranges. In positive electrode half-cells, a material-dependent conversion reaction was observed, while full cells exhibited similar behaviors during overdischarge to 0 V due to increasing voltage at the negative electrode. Distinct electrochemical variations emerged under forced discharge below 0 V, particularly in the NCM series, showing a gradual voltage decrease to −2 V followed by an internal short circuit. In contrast, LFP, LCO, and LMO swiftly stabilized near 0 V, attributed to the lower initial Coulombic efficiency of NCM materials leading to an early rise in negative electrode potential. To recycle used lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), it’s crucial to optimize conditions that ensure both efficient and safe overdischarge, considering the characteristics of positive electrode materials.
Optimizing Bilayer Electrolyte Thickness Ratios for High-Performing Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Pesaran Alireza , Hussain A. Mohammed , Ren Yaoyu , Wachsman Eric D.
Published: April 2024

Bilayer electrolytes for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs) offer the potential for higher power density by lowering the ohmic area specific resistance (ASR) and increasing the open circuit voltage (OCV) of mixed ionic/electronic conducting (MIEC) type electrolyte (e.g., GDC). However, optimizing the bilayer electrolyte thickness ratio is essential to achieve high power densities at low-temperatures (650 °C–500 °C). Herein we provide a systematic study of GDC/YCSB bilayer thickness ratios on anode-supported LT-SOFCs. In all cases the bilayer maximum power density (MPD) is higher than single-layer GDC based cells with reduced ohmic ASR values. Specifically, a high MPD of ∼1 W cm−2 at 650 °C was achieved on a GDC(20 μm)/YCSB(12 μm) bilayer electrolyte based SOFC, which is 62% higher than single-layer GDC based SOFC (0.64 W cm−2) operating on humidified H2 as fuel. Such enhancement is due to the 9.3% improvement in OCV and 36% reduction in ohmic ASR values with the addition of the YCSB layer. The reduction in ohmic ASR of the bilayer electrolyte SOFCs is due to an increase of GDC electrical conductivity caused by the lower pO2 at the YCSB/GDC interface which must be considered in optimizing the thickness ratio of the bilayer electrolyte for achieving higher power density LT-SOFCs.
A Paper-Based Electrochemical Sensor Based on Chain Structured ZIF-8@MWCNTs for Efficient Determination of Rutin
Authors: Ma Xuemei , Pang Wanyu , Gao Yali , Chang Xile , Hu Zhiyong , Hu Tuoping
Published: April 2024

Rapid and accurate determination of rutin content in pharmaceuticals in an important issue. Here, a paper-based electrochemical sensor for in situ growth of chain ZIF-8 using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a template was constructed by hydrothermal method. The results showed that the combination of ZIF-8 and MWCNTs not only promoted the dispersion of MWCNTs, but also made up for the conductivity of ZIF-8. Under optimum conditions, the Ipa was linearly related to the concentration of rutin in the range of 0.01–10 and 10–190 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.82 nM. Finally, the paper-based electrochemical sensor can be used for the electrochemical detection of rutin through the determination of rutin in pharmaceuticals.
StarD5 levels of expression correlate with onset and progression of steatosis and liver fibrosis
Authors: Kakiyama Genta , Minoiwa Kei , Bai-Kamara Nanah , Hashiguchi Taishi , Pandak William M. , Rodriguez-Agudo Daniel
Published: April 2024

We have found that deletion of the cholesterol transport protein StarD5 in mice leads to an increase in insulin resistance and lipid accumulation due to the upregulation of lipid synthesis and decrease VLDL secretion from the liver. In addition, deletion of StarD5 increased fibrosis when mice were fed a Western diet. This represents a novel pathway of fibrosis development in the liver.
Milk and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei BL23 effects on intestinal responses in a murine model of colitis
Authors: Bui Glory , Torres-Fuentes Cristina , Pusceddu Matteo M. , Gareau Mélanie G. , Marco Maria L.
Published: April 2024

Sex-dependent responses to probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and milk and the potential of the dairy matrix to enhance probiotic protection against colitis in this context have not been previously explored. Female mice were more sensitive than males to colonic injury, and neither treatment effectively alleviated inflammation in both sexes. These sex-dependent responses may result from differences in the higher baseline proportions of Akkermansia in the gut microbiome of female mice.
N-glycosylation of SCAP exacerbates hepatocellular inflammation and lipid accumulation via ACSS2-mediated histone H3K27 acetylation
Authors: Li Xuemei , Tang Xiaoqin , Xiang Yue , Zhao Zhibo , Li Yanping , Ding Qiuying , Zhang Linkun , Xu Jingyuan , Zhao Lei , Chen Yao
Published: April 2024

N-glycosylation of SCAP exacerbates inflammation and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes through ACSS2-mediated H3K27ac. Our data suggest that SCAP N-glycosylation plays a key role in regulating histone H3K27 acetylation and targeting SCAP N-glycosylation may be a new strategy for treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
Natural antibodies targeting LPS in pleural effusions of various etiologies
Authors: Sarrigeorgiou Ioannis , Rouka Erasmia , Kotsiou Ourania S. , Perlepe Garyfallia , Gerovasileiou Efrosini S. , Gourgoulianis Konstantinos I. , Lymberi Peggy , Zarogiannis Sotirios G.
Published: April 2024

Here we describe the detection and quantification of natural antibodies (NAbs) in the human pleural cavity. We show for the first time that IgM, IgG, and IgA anti-LPS natural antibodies are detected and measured in pleural effusions of infectious, noninfectious, and malignant etiologies and provide clinical correlates to demonstrate the translational impact of our findings.
Assessment of Density and Anatomical Features of Young and Old Bambusa vulgaris (Schrad. ex J.C. Wendl.) Culm Heights as Sustainable Structural Material in Ghana
Authors: Awotwe-Mensah Michael , Appiah-Kubi Emmanuel , Mitchual Stephen Jobson
Published: April 2024

This study sought to assess the density and anatomical features of young and old Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex JC Wendl. culm heights and, therefore, evaluate their influence on the utilization potential of the culm as a sustainable structural material. Bambusa vulgaris culm of 2-year and 4-year-old were harvested and prepared to the required length of 6 meters for the study. Basic density and anatomical features were carried out. The results showed that the basic density of old bamboo ranges from 652.91 kg/m³ to 729.06 kg/m³, while the young bamboo ranges from 342.33 kg/m³ to 509.52 kg/m³. The vascular bundle arrangement was found to be in Type III and Type IV for the culm heights of both young and old bamboo. The average vascular bundle radial diameter ranged from 761.13 μm to 890.78 μm for the old culm and 727.16 μm to 844.83 μm for the young culm. The average vascular bundle tangential diameter ranged from 499.44 μm to 533.49 μm for the old culm and 425.56 μm to 483.56 μm for the young culm. The radial diameter of the metaxylem vessel of the old culm ranged from 216.81 μm to 54.74 μm, while 214.23 μm to 73.86 μm were for the young culm. Parenchyma tissues ranged from 35%– to 70% for the old bamboo culm and 45% to 75% for the young bamboo culm. Vessel proportion ranged from 6%–12% for the old culm while the young culm ranged from 5%–11%. Fiber proportion ranged from 22% to 54% for the old culm and 19% to 44% for the young culm. Old bamboo had better vascular bundle properties than that of young bamboo. The density is significantly correlated positively to the anatomical properties. Old bamboo is more suitable to be used as the engineered composite material due to its better anatomical features across the culm wall thickness.
Investigation of the Performance of a Sb2S3-Based Solar Cell with a Hybrid Electron Transport Layer (h-ETL): A Simulation Approach Using SCAPS-1D Software
Authors: Ngue Pierre Gérard Darel Kond , Ngoupo Ariel Teyou , Abena Aimé Magloire Ntouga , Abega François Xavier Abomo , Ndjaka Jean-Marie Bienvenu
Published: April 2024

In order to reduce current leakage and improve electron transfer in solar cells, charge transport layers (CTL), mainly hybrid electron transport layers (h-ETL), are considered as a solution. In this research contribution, computational analysis using SCAPS-1D software is performed to explore the output photovoltaic parameters of a Sb2S3-based solar cell with h-ETL. No theoretical works on this configuration have been previously reported. The main objectives of the present work are to propose a h-ETL with good band alignment with the Sb2S3 absorber, high transparency, and Cd free; to mitigate the instability and cost issues associated with using Spiro-OMeTAD HTL; and to optimize the solar cell. Thus, we calibrated the J-V characteristics and electrical parameters of the FTO/(ZnO/TiO2)/Sb2S3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au solar cell by numerical simulation and compared them with those of the experiment. Subsequently, our simulations show that to replace the TiO2 ETL used in the experiment and to form the h-ETL with ZnO, IGZO is found to be a good candidate. It has better band alignment with the Sb2S3 absorber than TiO2 ETL, which reduces the trap states at the ETL/Sb2S3 interface; it has high transparency due to its wide bandgap; and an intense electric field is generated at the IGZO/Sb2S3 interface, which reduces the recombination phenomenon at this interface. MoO3, MASnBr3, Cu2O, CuI, and CuSCN HTL were also tested to replace the Spiro-OMeTAD HTL. Simulation results show that the cell with MoO3 HTL achieves higher performance due to its high hole mobility and high quantum efficiency in the visible region; it also allows the solar cell to have better thermal stability (TC=−0.32%/K) than the cell with Spiro-OMeTAD HTL (TC=−0.53%/K). The parameters that could improve the solar cell efficiency (η) obtained after these substitutions were also optimized. In particular, the parameters of the Sb2S3 absorber layer (thickness, defect density, and doping), ETL and HTL layer thicknesses, h-ETL/Sb2S3 interface defect density, and series and shunt resistances have been optimized. Finally, by combining high performance and thermal stability, the results show that the thermal stability of the solar cell depends on the back contact type; thus, nickel (Ni) was found to combine high performance and better thermal stability among the back contacts investigated. After these improvements, the efficiency of the Sb2S3-based solar cell increased from 5.08% (JSC=16.19 mA/cm2, VOC=0.56 V, and FF=55.40%) to 15.43% (JSC=18.51 mA/cm2, VOC=1.11 V, and FF=74.76%). This study proposes an approach to optimize the Sb2S3 upper subcell for tandem solar cells.
Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Outcomes in Acute Kidney Injury Patients: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study, Palestine
Authors: Damin Abukhalil Abdallah , Alyazouri Haya , Alsheikh Reem , Kahla Hadeel , Mousa Minna , Ladadweh Hosniyeh , Al-Shami Ni’meh , Sahoury Yousef , Naseef Hani , Rabba Abdullah
Published: April 2024

Background. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major medical problem affecting patients’ quality of life and healthcare costs. Objectives. This study evaluated the severity, risk factors, and outcomes of patients diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI), including community-acquired AKI (CA-AKI) and hospital-acquired AKI (HA-AKI), who were admitted to tertiary institutions in Palestine. Methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at multiple tertiary care hospitals in Palestine by reviewing patient charts from January 2020 to March 2023. The study included all patients aged ≥18 years who were admitted to the hospital and diagnosed with AKI at admission (CA-AKI) or who developed AKI 48 hours after admission (HA-AKI). Patients with incomplete medical records and those with no reported creatinine levels during their stay, pregnant women, kidney transplant patients, and end-stage renal disease patients were excluded. Data were analyzed using SPSS v22.0. The incidence of AKI in each group was compared using the chi-squared test. Results. This study included 259 participants. HA-AKI was present in 27.3% of the patients, while CA-AKI was 72.7%. The most common stage among patients was stage 3 (55.7%, HA-AKI) (42.9%, CA-AKI), and the most common comorbidity contributing to AKI was CKD. NSAIDs, ACE-I/ARBs, and DIURETICs were the most nephrotoxic drugs contributing to AKI. Patients with hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, severe metabolic acidosis, or stage 3 AKI require renal replacement therapy. In addition, our findings revealed a significant association among AKI mortality, age, and heart disease. Conclusion. CA-AKI was more prevalent than HA-AKI in Palestinian patients admitted for AKI. Risk factors for AKI included diabetes, CKD, and medications (antibiotics, NSAID, diuretics, and ACE-I/ARB). Preventive measures, medication management, and disease state management are necessary to minimize AKI during hospital admission or in the community.
Nicotinamide in Combination with EGFR-TKIs for the Treatment of Stage IV Lung Adenocarcinoma with EGFR Mutations: A Randomized Double-Blind (Phase IIb) Trial
Authors: Oh Hyung-Joo , Bae Suk-Chul , Oh In-Jae , Park Cheol-Kyu , Jung Kyoung-Mi , Kim Da-Mi , Lee Jung-Won , Kang Chang Kyun , Park Il Yeong , Kim Young-Chul
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

RUNX3 is a tumor suppressor gene, which is inactivated in approximately 70% of lung adenocarcinomas. Nicotinamide, a sirtuin inhibitor, has demonstrated potential in re-activating epigenetically silenced RUNX3 in cancer cells. This study assessed the therapeutic benefits of combining nicotinamide with first-generation EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) for patients with stage IV lung cancer carrying EGFR mutations.

Patients and Methods:

We assessed the impact of nicotinamide on carcinogen-induced lung adenocarcinomas in mice and observed that nicotinamide increased RUNX3 levels and inhibited lung cancer growth. Subsequently, 110 consecutive patients with stage IV lung cancer who had EGFR mutations were recruited: 70 females (63.6%) and 84 never-smokers (76.4%). The patients were randomly assigned to receive either nicotinamide (1 g/day, n = 55) or placebo (n = 55). The primary and secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), respectively.

Results:

After a median follow-up of 54.3 months, the nicotinamide group exhibited a median PFS of 12.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 10.4–18.3], while the placebo group had a PFS of 10.9 months (9.0–13.2; P = 0.2). The median OS was similar in the two groups (31.0 months with nicotinamide vs. 29.4 months with placebo; P = 0.2). Notably, subgroup analyses revealed a significant reduction in mortality risk for females (P = 0.01) and never-smokers (P = 0.03) treated with nicotinamide.

Conclusions:

The addition of nicotinamide with EGFR-TKIs demonstrated potential improvements in PFS and OS, with notable survival benefits for female patients and those who had never smoked (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02416739).
Preclinical Development of CAR T Cells with Antigen-Inducible IL18 Enforcement to Treat GD2-Positive Solid Cancers
Authors: Fischer-Riepe Lena , Kailayangiri Sareetha , Zimmermann Katharina , Pfeifer Rita , Aigner Michael , Altvater Bianca , Kretschmann Sascha , Völkl Simon , Hartley Jordan , Dreger Celine , Petry Katja , Bosio Andreas , von Döllen Angelika , Hartmann Wolfgang , Lode Holger , Görlich Dennis , Mackensen Andreas , Jungblut Melanie , Schambach Axel , Abken Hinrich , Rossig Claudia
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Cytokine-engineering of chimeric antigen receptor-redirected T cells (CAR T cells) is a promising principle to overcome the limited activity of canonical CAR T cells against solid cancers.

Experimental Design:

We developed an investigational medicinal product, GD2IL18CART, consisting of CAR T cells directed against ganglioside GD2 with CAR-inducible IL18 to enhance their activation response and cytolytic effector functions in the tumor microenvironment. To allow stratification of patients according to tumor GD2 expression, we established and validated immunofluorescence detection of GD2 on paraffin-embedded tumor tissues.

Results:

Lentiviral all-in-one vector engineering of human T cells with the GD2-specific CAR with and without inducible IL18 resulted in cell products with comparable proportions of CAR-expressing central memory T cells. Production of IL18 strictly depends on GD2 antigen engagement. GD2IL18CART respond to interaction with GD2-positive tumor cells with higher IFNγ and TNFα cytokine release and more effective target cytolysis compared with CAR T cells without inducible IL18. GD2IL18CART further have superior in vivo antitumor activity, with eradication of GD2-positive tumor xenografts. Finally, we established GMP-compliant manufacturing of GD2IL18CART and found it to be feasible and efficient at clinical scale.

Conclusions:

These results pave the way for clinical investigation of GD2IL18CART in pediatric and adult patients with neuroblastoma and other GD2-positive cancers (EU CT 2022– 501725–21–00).

See related commentary by Locatelli and Quintarelli, p. 3361
Proton FLASH Radiotherapy Ameliorates Radiation-induced Salivary Gland Dysfunction and Oral Mucositis and Increases Survival in a Mouse Model of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Chowdhury Priyanka , Velalopoulou Anastasia , Verginadis Ioannis I. , Morcos George , Loo Phoebe E. , Kim Michele M. , Motlagh Seyyedeh Azar Oliaei , Shoniyozov Khayrullo , Diffenderfer Eric S. , Ocampo Emilio A. , Putt Mary , Assenmacher Charles-Antoine , Radaelli Enrico , Lu Jiawei , Qin Ling , Liu Hengxi , Leli Nektaria Maria , Girdhani Swati , Denef Nicolas , Vander Stappen Francois , Cengel Keith A. , Busch Theresa M. , Metz James M. , Dong Lei , Lin Alexander , Koumenis Constantinos
Published: April 2024

Head and neck cancer radiotherapy often damages salivary glands and oral mucosa, severely negatively impacting patients’ quality of life. The ability of FLASH proton radiotherapy (F-PRT) to decrease normal tissue toxicity while maintaining tumor control compared with standard proton radiotherapy (S-PRT) has been previously demonstrated for several tissues. However, its potential in ameliorating radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction and oral mucositis and controlling orthotopic head and neck tumor growth has not been reported.

The head and neck area of C57BL/6 mice was irradiated with a single dose of radiotherapy (ranging from 14–18 Gy) or a fractionated dose of 8 Gy × 3 of F-PRT (128 Gy/second) or S-PRT (0.95 Gy/second). Following irradiation, the mice were studied for radiation-induced xerostomia by measuring their salivary flow. Oral mucositis was analyzed by histopathologic examination. To determine the ability of F-PRT to control orthotopic head and neck tumors, tongue tumors were generated in the mice and then irradiated with either F-PRT or S-PRT.

Mice treated with either a single dose or fractionated dose of F-PRT showed significantly improved survival than those irradiated with S-PRT. F-PRT–treated mice showed improvement in their salivary flow. S-PRT–irradiated mice demonstrated increased fibrosis in their tongue epithelium. F-PRT significantly increased the overall survival of the mice with orthotopic tumors compared with the S-PRT–treated mice.

The demonstration that F-PRT decreases radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity without compromising tumor control, suggests that this modality could be useful for the clinical management of patients with head and neck cancer.
FIGURE 1 from Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Cancer Status Detection in Radiology Reports
Authors: Arya Ankur , Niederhausern Andrew , Bahadur Nadia , Shah Neil J. , Nichols Chelsea , Chatterjee Avijit , Philip John
Published: April 2024

Illustration of curation workflow and data summary of curated radiology reports by cancer cohort and imaging scan technique. A, Illustration of manual curation workflow with dependency on imaging scan type and cancer cohort. B, Distribution of patients (proportion and count) with curated reports by all 9 cancer cohorts. One patient can be present in multiple cohorts. C, Distribution of curated reports by type of scanning technique.