bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practicing Serious Illness Conversations in a Pulmonary Medicine Teaching Clinic
Authors: Pottash Michael , Suguness Arvind , Joseph Lily , Cuneo Brian , Woods Christian
Published: February 2023

Background

Physician trainees in pulmonary medicine are not provided with supervised practice opportunities to gain confidence and skill in having serious illness conversations in the ambulatory setting.

Objective

We incorporated a palliative medicine attending into an ambulatory pulmonology teaching clinic to provide supervised opportunities for serious illness conversations.

Methods

Trainees in a pulmonary medicine teaching clinic requested supervision from a palliative medicine attending based on a set of evidence-based pulmonary-specific triggers that indicate advanced disease. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to determine the trainee’s perceptions of the educational intervention.

Results

The palliative medicine attending supervised 8 trainees in 58 patient encounters. The most common trigger for palliative medicine supervision was answering “no” to the “surprise question.” At baseline, all trainees cited lack of time as the primary barrier to having serious illness conversations. Themes emerging from post-intervention semi-structured interviews included trainees learning that (1) patients are grateful to have conversations about the severity of their illness, (2) patients do not have a good sense of their prognosis, and (3) with improved skills, these conversations can be conducted efficiently.

Conclusions

Pulmonary medicine trainees were provided practice opportunities for having serious illness conversations under the supervision of the palliative medicine attending. These practice opportunities effected trainee perception on important barriers to further practice.
Embodied representation of approach and avoidance attitudes by language: Pro is forward, against is backward
Authors: Marrero Hipólito , Yagual Sara Nila , Díaz Jose Miguel , Gámez Elena , Lemus Alejandro , Urrutia Mabel , Nuez Aarón , Beltrán David
Published: February 2023

Approach and avoidance have been incorporated into language by means of attitudinal verbs; for example, “Pedro admitted/blocked Rosa in WhatsApp.” Representation of attitudes in language would reuse previous motor reactions associated with individuals’ approach (forward) and avoidance (backward) towards stimuli. We examine the modulation of reading relationship-action sentences in the execution of concurrent motor actions. We manipulated the delay between the sentence display and the visual prompt for motor response: 300 ms and 800 ms. If approach-avoidance verbs recruit motor representations, sentence reading will modulate the execution of the motor action. We found that sentence interfered with motor action at 300 ms delay while facilitated it at 800 ms delay in congruent conditions: approach-forward and avoidance-backward. This result supports that sentence understanding and motor action execution share motor processes. Implications are discussed for embodiment of social cognition in the ambit of relationship actions and their interwoven with language to facilitate social navigation.
There’s No Place Like Us: Beyond Fidelity of Implementation in Rural Contexts
Authors: Weiss Margaret P. , Rowe Dawn A. , Mims Pamela J. , Farmer Thomas W.
Published: February 2023

Rural schools experience difficulty in filling teaching positions at higher rates than non-rural schools. Recruiting and retaining teachers are critical in these districts; however, because the term “rural” is variable, a one-size-fits-all response is not possible. Rural communities tend to be geographically remote, have a low critical mass of students with distinct disabilities, and have relatively few resources to provide differential support for students. In this context, special educators may find themselves in circumstances where they operate as general specialists who are responsible for addressing a broad range of student needs without the support of other related service providers (e.g., school psychologists, curriculum specialists, school counselors, speech and language pathologists). Garwood’s article provides a catalyst to consider ecological system factors that affect burnout, attrition, and, as a consequence, instruction, particularly for students with disabilities. In this response, we view this issue from a perspective of rural schools, where the system contexts are varied and directly impact teacher-level variables, such as the ability to implement evidence-based practices (EBPs) with fidelity. Taking a developmental systems approach, we describe what makes rural settings unique and how these characteristics interact with the critical features of EBPs, as well as suggest how preparation and induction programs might better prepare and sustain teachers to adapt instruction to these rural contexts. We conclude with implications for practice and policy.
Perceived Barriers Among Clinicians and Older Adults Aged 65 and Older Regarding Use of Life Expectancy to Inform Cancer Screening: A Narrative Review and Comparison
Authors: Brotzman Laura E. , Zikmund-Fisher Brian J.
Published: February 2023

While cancer screening guidelines increasingly recommend incorporating life expectancy estimates to inform screening decisions for older adults, little is known about how this happens in practice. This review summarizes current knowledge about primary care clinician and older adult (65+) perspectives about use of life expectancy to guide cancer screening decisions. Clinicians report operational barriers, uncertainty, and hesitation around use of life expectancy in screening decisions. They recognize it may help them more accurately weigh benefits and harms but are unsure how to estimate life expectancy for individual patients. Older adults face conceptual barriers and are generally unconvinced of the benefits of considering their life expectancy when making screening decisions. Life expectancy will always be a difficult topic for clinicians and patients, but there are advantages to incorporating it in cancer screening decisions. We highlight key takeaways from both clinician and older adult perspectives to guide future research.
Severe COVID-19-associated hyperinflammatory syndrome versus classic hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: similarities, differences, and the way forward
Authors: Yadav Geeta , Malhotra Hardeep , Mehta Pankti , Sachu Ruovinuo , Rizvi Imran , Bharti Vipin Raj , Kumar Manish , Kumar Neeraj , Ali Wahid , Verma Shailendra Prasad , Puri Bipin , Dandu Himanshu
Published: February 2023

The hyperinflammatory immune response in severe COVID-19 infection shares features with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) in the form of fever, cytopenia, elevated inflammatory markers, and high mortality. There are contrasting opinions regarding utility of HLH 2004 or HScore in the diagnosis of severe COVID-19-related hyperinflammatory syndrome (COVID-HIS). This was a retrospective study of 47 patients of severe COVID-19 infection, suspected to have COVID-HIS and 22 patients of sHLH to other illnesses, to evaluate the diagnostic utility and limitations of HLH 2004 and/or HScore in context to COVID-HIS and to also evaluate the utility of Temple criteria for predicting severity and outcome in COVID-HIS. Clinical findings, hematological, and biochemical parameters along with the predictor of mortality were compared between two groups. Only 6.4% (3/47) of cases fulfilled ≥5/8 HLH 2004 criteria and only 40.52% (19/47) of patients showed HScore >169 in COVID-HIS group. 65.9% (31/47) satisfied the Temple criteria in COVID-HIS as compared with 40.9% (9/22) in the non-COVID group (p = 0.04). Serum ferritin (p = 0.02), lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.02), direct bilirubin (p = 0.02), and C-reactive protein (p = 0.03) were associated with mortality in COVID-HIS. Both HScore and HLH-2004 criteria perform poorly for identifying COVID-HIS. Presence of bone marrow hemophagocytosis may help to identify about one-third of COVID-HIS missed by the Temple Criteria.
Maxillary sinus volume and mucosal thickening according to the septal deviation angle and age of the children
Authors: Özdemir Adnan , Bayar Muluk Nuray , Tursun Serkan , Şencan Ziya , Özel Gökçe
Published: February 2023

We examined the relationship between nasal septal deviation (SD) angle and maxillary sinus volumes by examining the paranasal sinus computed tomography (PNSCT) images in children. In this retrospective study, PNSCT images of 106 children with one-sided nasal SD were included. According to the SD angle, two groups were identified: Group 1 (n = 54): SD angle ≤ 11°, Group 2 (n = 52): SD angle > 11°. There were 23 children between 9 and 14 years and 83 children between 15 and 17 years. Maxillary sinus volume and mucosal thickening were evaluated. In 15- to 17-year age group, maxillary sinus volumes of males were higher than females bilaterally. For each of the males and females, ipsilateral maxillary sinus volume was significantly lower than the contralateral side in all children and in 15- to 17-year age group. In each of the SD angle values (≤11 or >11) separately, ipsilateral maxillary sinus volume was lower; and in the SD angle > 11° group, maxillary sinus mucosal thickening values were higher than those of the contralateral side. In young children in 9- to 14-year age group, bilateral maxillary sinus volumes decreased, in this group maxillary sinus volume was not affected according to the SD. However, in 15- to 17-year age groups, maxillary sinus volume was lower on the ipsilateral SD side; and ipsilateral and contralateral maxillary sinus volumes of the males were significantly higher than those in the females. SD should be treated at an appropriate time to prevent SD-related maxillary sinus volume shrinkage and rhinosinusitis.
The Impact of Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on Children’s Health-Related Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wanni Arachchige Dona Sithara , Badloe Nalini , Sciberras Emma , Gold Lisa , Coghill David , Le Ha N. D.
Published: February 2023

Objective:

To investigate the association between children’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Method:

Databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed literature published between 2010 and 2022. Two reviewers independently screened and assessed the quality of included studies. Meta-analysis was conducted for studies that used the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL).

Results:

Twenty-three studies were included, with most rated as “good” quality. Meta-analysis found “very large” effect in both parent- (Hedges’ g −1.67, 95% CI [−2.57, −0.78]) and child-reported (Hedges’ g −1.28, 95% CI [−2.01, −0.56]) HRQoL for children with ADHD compared to children without ADHD. No difference between parent- and child-reported HRQoL in children with and without ADHD was found. However, parent-reported HRQoL was lower than child-reported HRQoL among children with ADHD.

Conclusion:

ADHD was associated with substantially poorer children’s HRQoL. Among children with ADHD, parents rated their children’s HRQoL lower than the children themselves.
Progress and Pitfalls in the Provision of Quality Care for Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Primary Care
Authors: Callen Elisabeth F. , Clay Tarin L. , Alai Jillian , Goodman David W. , Adler Lenard A. , Shields Joel , Faraone Stephen V.
Published: February 2023

Objective:

Quality care for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults has lagged behind other psychiatric disorders. We sought to assess how the achievement of quality measures (QMs) for diagnosing and treating ADHD in adults has changed over time.

Method:

We assessed 10 QMs in electronic health records (EHRs) from primary care and behavioral health clinics from 2010 to 2020 for 71,310 patients diagnosed with ADHD.

Results:

The achievement of QMs increased over time ( p < .001). Some showed increases to high levels; others remained low throughout the observation period. No patients achieved more than six of 10 QMs in any year. Small but significant effects for sex, race, ethnicity, practice ownership, practice type, and age.

Conclusion:

Increase in quality care from 2010 to 2020 along with clear evidence that more efforts are needed to improve quality of care for adults with ADHD seen in primary care.
Effects and Social Validation of Remote Parent Training and Implementation of the Cool Versus Not Cool Behavior Intervention
Authors: Dumproff Brittany M. , Dowdy Art G.
Published: February 2023

Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience challenges with social skill interactions that may affect their quality of life. Given that parents are often the most frequent and constant presence in their child’s life, parents serve a vital role in their child’s social and behavioral development. For this reason, children may substantially benefit from effective and efficient parent-implemented behavior intervention to teach social skills. Using a multiple-baseline design, the Cool versus Not Cool (CNC) behavior intervention was taught via telehealth to U.S. three parents of adolescent males with ASD. Parents then subsequently implemented the CNC intervention to teach parent-selected social skills to their children. For all three parent–adolescent dyads, the CNC behavior intervention was implemented with fidelity by parents, and adolescents showed intervention gains. Findings maintained and generalized during probes and social validity outcomes reported by both parents and adolescents were favorable.
New Insight Into Mechanisms of Hepatic Encephalopathy: An Integrative Analysis Approach to Identify Molecular Markers and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Sepehrinezhad Ali , Shahbazi Ali , Sahab Negah Sajad , Stolze Larsen Fin
Published: February 2023

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a set of complex neurological complications that arise from advanced liver disease. The precise molecular and cellular mechanism of HE is not fully understood. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from microarray technologies are powerful approaches to obtain new insight into the pathophysiology of HE. We analyzed microarray data sets of cirrhotic patients with HE from Gene Expression Omnibus to identify DEGs in postmortem cerebral tissues. Consequently, we uploaded significant DEGs into the STRING to specify protein-protein interactions. Cytoscape was used to reconstruct the genetic network and identify hub genes. Target genes were uploaded to different databases to perform comprehensive enrichment analysis and repurpose new therapeutic options for HE. A total of 457 DEGs were identified in 2 data sets totally from 12 cirrhotic patients with HE compared with 12 healthy subjects. We found that 274 genes were upregulated and 183 genes were downregulated. Network analyses on significant DEGs indicated 12 hub genes associated with HE. Enrichment analysis identified fatty acid beta-oxidation, cerebral organic acidurias, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton as main involved pathways associated with upregulated genes; serotonin receptor 2 and ELK-SRF/GATA4 signaling, GPCRs, class A rhodopsin-like, and p38 MAPK signaling pathway were related to downregulated genes. Finally, we predicted 39 probable effective drugs/agents for HE. This study not only confirms main important involved mechanisms of HE but also reveals some yet unknown activated molecular and cellular pathways in human HE. In addition, new targets were identified that could be of value in the future study of HE.
A case of a Young Multiple Myeloma Patient With Poor Prognostic Cytogenetics
Authors: Iranijam Effat , Matin Somaieh , Negaresh Mohammad
Published: February 2023

Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy and a subtype of plasma cell dyscrasias, which accounts for 13% of all hematologic malignancies. It mainly affects older adults and is diagnosed in only 2% of the young population under the age of 40 years. This report presents a 33-year-old man diagnosed with Multiple myeloma with 4 poor prognostic specifications consisting of amplification of the 1q21, Translocation of t(4;14), deletion of the 6q21 and 13q14, along with decreased chromosome count to 44, X,-Y. Even though the combination of 4 poor prognostic cytogenetics in young patients is rare, he responded significantly to the Bortezomib regimen. He was selected as a candidate for bone marrow transplantation. The treatments get interrupted 2 days after the first session of the fifth cycle due to an undesirable COVID-19 infection. After 20 days, the symptoms return, and paraclinical findings show signs of MM relapse.
Inside the Paris Zone: Entering the French Leftspace
Authors: Beauchez Jérôme , Zeneidi Djemila
Published: February 2023

This article presents a spatial and cultural analysis of the Zone as a space inhabited by the “dangerous classes” in 19th- and 20th-Century France. The Zone was a marginal and illegally occupied area that first sprawled out at the foot of the Paris fortifications, serving as a refuge for the poorest of those hounded from the city by the major modernization works carried out during the Second Empire (1852–1870). This territory belonging to the Lumpenproletariat, caught between neglect and transgression, maintained a physical presence at the gates of Paris, on and off, until the turn of the 1970s. However, after it was erased from the territory of the French capital, the Zone did not disappear. In colloquial French, the term continues to refer to the no longer physical but now symbolic space occupied by the déclassés (declassed). This symbolic figuration of the Zone lies at the heart of this article, which sets it up as an empirical paradigm of what we propose to refer to as the “leftspace”: a spatial configuration characterized both by the neglect of déclassés abandoned to their fate and by the transgression of the law.
Parkour, Graffiti, and the Politics of (In)Visibility in Aestheticized Cityscapes
Authors: De Martini Ugolotti Nicola , Genova Carlo
Published: February 2023

In the past decades, urban scholars have discussed at length how the production of aesthetically pleasing and consumption-enticing cityscapes has become the core of postindustrial urban economies. Critical analyses have underlined how the “dictatorship of the visual” characterizing these urban processes implies the expulsion from public life of “unacceptable” differences and conflicts within. While fundamental, these perspectives have not fully engaged with a variety of urban practices and groups that are simultaneously addressed by urban leaderships as visible assets and threats for image-based redevelopment processes. Drawing on two ethnographic studies in Turin and Bologna, Italy, this article contributes to address this gap by focusing on parkour and graffiti’s ambiguous and controversial positions in these rebranding cities. By addressing how traceurs and writers reconciled and negotiated their positioning within image-led urban redevelopment processes, this article expands existing discussions on the nexus between (in)visibility, publicness, embodied geographies, and aestheticized cityscapes.
Psychosocial factors associated with workability after surgery in cancer survivors: An explorative study
Authors: Silvaggi Fabiola , Mariniello Arianna , Leonardi Matilde , Silvani Antonio , Lamperti Elena , Di Cosimo Serena , Folli Secondo , Trapani Anna , Schiavolin Silvia
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the work ability and its associated factors in patients with glioma (II, III) and breast cancer after 6 (T0) and 12 (T1) months from surgery. A total of 99 patients were evaluated with self-reported questionnaires at T0 and T1. Correlation and Mann–Whitney tests were used to investigate the association between work ability and sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors. The Wilcoxon test was used to investigate the longitudinal change in work ability. Our sample showed a decrease in work ability level between T0 and T1. Work ability was associated with emotional distress, disability, resilience, and social support in glioma III patients at T0, and with fatigue, disability, and clinical treatments in patients with breast cancer at T0 and T1. Work ability levels decreased in patients with glioma and breast cancer and were associated with different psychosocial factors after surgery. Their investigation is suggested to facilitate the return to work.
Algorithmic heteronormativity: Powers and pleasures of dating and hook-up apps
Authors: Parry Diana C. , Filice Eric , Johnson Corey W.
Published: February 2023

We propose the concept of algorithmic heteronormativity to describe the ways in which dating apps’ digital architectures are informed by and perpetuate normative sexual ideologies. Situating our intervention within digital affordance theories and grounding our analysis in walkthroughs of several popular dating apps’ (e.g., Tinder, Bumble, and Hinge) interfaces, promotional materials, and ancillary media, we identify four normative sexual ideologies—gendered desire, hetero and homonormativity, mononormativity, and shame—that manifest in specific features, including gender choice, compatibility surveys, and private chat. This work builds on earlier digital culture theorizing by explicitly articulating the reciprocal and gradational linkages between existing moral codes, digital infrastructures, and individual behaviors, which in the contemporary context work jointly to narrow the horizon of intimate possibility.
Gender, sexuality and race: An intersectional analysis of racial consumption and exclusion in Birmingham’s gay village
Authors: Duffus Melindy , Colliver Ben
Published: February 2023

Queer spaces have gained increasing attention academically with a range of studies exploring the construction of such spaces. This article addresses the spatial and social practices and processes that occur within these spaces that perpetuate exclusion based on race. Drawing on ethnographic data collected through semi-structured interviews and participant observations conducted in Birmingham’s ‘gay village’, we argue that gendered perceptions of racialised masculinities and femininities create unique experiences for men and women from minoritised ethnicities. We argue that queer spaces, which are often assumed to transgress and challenge social norms actually maintain, uphold and perpetuate white, patriarchal norms and can therefore be considered a microcosm of broader society. In doing so, we advance criminological thought by adopting a zemiological framework that centres social harm rather than relying on legally defined incidents of crime.
Trash, dirt, glitch: The imperfect turn
Authors: Rutten Ellen , de Vos Ruby
Published: February 2023

‘Trash, dirt, glitch’ offers an introduction to a cluster devoted to trash, dirt and glitch – concepts that, in aesthetic and artistic domains, firmly merit joint exploration. In fashion and urban design, music, art and other aesthetic practices, the trashy, the dirty and the glitchy interconnect in complex choreographies, in discourses and practices where they are framed as benefit rather than bother. For this cluster, the authors asked four scholars in media, design and fashion to examine the interconnections between trash, dirt and glitch as affirmatively charged categories. They do so through in-depth studies of ‘dirt(y)’ and glitch-based sound-making practices and media art in Australia (Caleb Kelly); German electronic and glitch music (Jakko Kemper); dirt and trash aesthetics in sneaker fashion and (especially but not only) US-based grunge subcultures (Ekaterina Kulinicheva); and discourses of dirt and disorder in the creative industry in Russia (Margarita Kuleva). This introduction contextualizes their findings and offers tools to theorize the present-day interest in dirt-, trash-, and glitch-based aesthetics as an imperfect turn. This turn we envision not as an unprecedented shift, but as the latest in a series of socio-technologically motivated historical imperfect turns. The imperfect turn that we witness today is not without its flaws – but, as we argue below, it can facilitate important social interventions.
Motivation, development and use of Ungdata Junior: An annual general survey among children in Norway
Authors: Løvgren Mette , Jacobsen Sigurd E.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Too often, the background activities of social science studies remain opaque; however, by describing the Ungdata Junior survey from its initiation to the present day, we illuminate the need to include children in quantitative survey research so that their opinions may be factored into the policymaking calculus.

Aim:

This article aims to describe the motivation, development and application of the annual large-scale Ungdata Junior survey constructed for children in Norway.

Method:

Ungdata Junior is an age-adjusted survey that monitors the life activities, experiences and emotions of children in grades 5 to 7. This survey is annual and has been completed thus far by more than 57,000 children between 2017 and 2021.

Conclusions:

We demonstrate that large-scale child-focused surveys are feasible and reasonable.
Study on the environmental effects of two-way foreign direct investment in China’s service industry
Authors: Pan Helin , Dong Liang , Sun Ruifeng
Published: February 2023

A mathematical model was built in this paper to divide the environmental effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the service sector in terms of scale effect, structural effect and technical effect. Also, inbound FDI (IFDI) and outbound FDI (OFDI) were put under the same research framework, where the effects of two-way FDI on the emissions of SO2 and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were empirically tested with the 2004-2016 panel data of China’s service sector. The results show that IFDI in the service sector has significantly reduced China’s pollution emissions and improved environmental quality. This is mainly due to the positive technical and structural effects. OFDI in the service sector exhibits different responses to different pollution emission indexes. When there are both IFDI and OFDI in the service sector, SO2 emissions are suppressed to a certain extent, whereas COD emissions are not effectively controlled. In addition, the increased service output scale, per-capita capital stock and R&D input also have varying effects on environmental pollution in China.
Making steps towards improved fairness in group work assessment: The role of students’ self- and peer-assessment
Authors: Ion Georgeta , Díaz-Vicario Anna , Mercader Cristina
Published: February 2023

Group work benefits student learning in many ways, but group work assessment may be challenging for academics and sometimes is perceived as less fair than individually set assessment tasks. Peer assessment (PA) and self assessment (SA) represents a possible approach supporting lecturers and students to better differentiate individual contributions to group-based assignments. In this study, we explore the students’ perception of SA and PA as strategies to facilitate the assessment of the process of group work and to contribute to increasing the sense of fairness in assessment. With these aims, we designed a study of an assessment practice in which students were involved as partners in the assessment and grading process of a group project assignment. At the end of the course, and when the SA and PA experience concluded, we administered a survey. The findings show that (1) including SA and PA strategies in student tasks enhances the students’ perceived sense of fairness in the assessment process, (2) the specifics of the instructional design do not have a significant effect on student perceptions of this form of assessment, and (3) sociodemographic factors such as the academic year, the degree major and the age of the students have a moderate effect. We conclude that SA and PA improve the sense of democracy of the assessment process, as this is not only in the teachers’ hands but also shared and agreed upon within the group.
The art of friendliness: Organiser perspectives on curating dementia friendly cultural events
Authors: Fletcher James Rupert , Deng Maohui , Dobson David
Published: February 2023

Over recent decades, the arts have become a popular response to dementia. Amidst wider concerns with accessibility, widening participation and audience diversity, coupled with greater attention to creativity across dementia studies, many arts organisations are now offering dementia friendly initiatives. While dementia friendliness has been well-established for almost a decade, the meaning of friendliness remains vague. This paper reports results from a study of how stakeholders navigate this nebulousness when developing their own dementia friendly cultural events. To assess this, we interviewed stakeholders working for arts organisations in the northwest of England. We found that participants built up local informal networks of knowledge exchange, sharing experiences between stakeholders. The dementia friendliness that characterises this network centres on the crafting of vibes that enable people with dementia to ‘unhide’ themselves. Through this accommodating approach, dementia friendliness converges with stakeholder interests, becoming something of an art form in its own right, typified by active embodied experience, flexible and creative self-expression, and being in-the-moment.
Microfoundations of ecosystems: The theory-led firm and capability growth
Authors: Felin Teppo , Foss Nicolai
Published: February 2023

We argue that firm-specific theories are critical for understanding the emergence and evolution of ecosystems. We first highlight how existing research on ecosystems lacks microfoundations and tends to be overly structural. We focus on the theory-led firm—the role that a firm-specific theory plays in capability development and the associated growth of ecosystems. Ecosystems are contingent on firm-specific theories of value. We also discuss the implications of our arguments for search- and demand-based approaches to ecosystems and point toward a theory-based and supply-side alternative.
A sustainable approach for linen dyeing and finishing with natural lac dye through chitosan bio-mordanting and microwave heating
Authors: El Sayed Naglaa AA , El-Bendary Magda A , Ahmed Omnia Kh
Published: February 2023

Sustainability has become a global requirement in all industries. In the textile sector sustainability can be achieved by developing innovative techniques, approaches, and machinery. The current study introduces a sustainable approach for linen dyeing with natural lac dye using microwave heating after the treatment with chitosan as a cationic bio-mordant. The chitosan treatment was carried out by a pad/dry-cure process with citric or acetic acid. Linen samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results confirmed the deposition of chitosan on linen fabric with both citric and acetic acid. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the change in the crystallinity of linen fabric after chitosan treatment and lac dyeing. The color strength results confirmed the successful application of chitosan as a bio-mordant and the efficiency of microwave heating in shortage the dyeing period in lac dyeing, where the K/S increased from 1.54 to reach 18.86 and 13 with acetic and citric acid, respectively in 7 min. Furthermore, the maximum color strength was achieved at pH 3 of lac dye and the presence of chitosan eliminated the usage of salt in the lac dyeing of linen fabrics. Fastness properties of the lac dyed linen fabrics to wash, light, and perspiration have been discussed. The functional properties (antibacterial activity and UV protection) of linen fabrics were assessed. The antibacterial activity was decreased after the chitosan-treated linen samples were dyed with lac dye. However, the UPF of linen samples was enhanced after lac dyeing.
Is the Repair of Acute Scapholunate Injuries Associated With Distal Radius Fractures Necessary at the Time of Osteosynthesis? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Stein Alexandra , Lalka Andy , Scott Frank , Rodriguez Fontan Francisco
Published: February 2023

Background:

Acute scapholunate ligament injuries (SLIs) can occur in distal radial fractures (DRFs). This systematic review compares patient-reported outcomes and range of motion (ROM) between operative and nonoperative treatment of acute SLIs in association with surgical fixation of DRFs. We hypothesize that there is no clinical difference.

Methods:

A meta-analysis was used to evaluate the effectiveness of SLI repair versus no repair occurring with DRF with Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores. We identified 154 articles of which 14 were eligible for review. Only 7 studies reported sufficient radiographic or clinical outcomes data and were included: 3 for meta-analysis and 4 underwent narrative analysis due to lack of homogeneity. We analyzed the patients in 2 groups: operative SLI (O-SLI) versus nonoperative SLI (NO-SLI). The primary outcomes were ROM and DASH scores with 1-year follow-up, where a pooled effect size was generated to determine a difference between groups.

Results:

A total of 128 patients were included (71 O-SLI and 57 NO-SLI), with a mean follow-up of 70.2 months (SD: 23.5). The overall effect size for ROM for flexion was 1.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], −3.48 to 6.95; P = .51) and for extension was 0.79 (95% CI, −3.41 to 4.99; P = .71), while the overall effect size for DASH scores was −0.28 (95% CI, −0.66 to 0.10; P = .14). Although NO-SLI led to better ROM and O-SLI led to lower DASH scores, these were not significantly different.

Conclusion:

The acute surgical intervention of a scapholunate interosseous ligament injury is no different from conservative management in the setting of acute DRFs undergoing osteosynthesis. But the sample size for pooed analyses was small, hence the evidence to date is low to recommend either way.
Proposing the “MIRACLE” Narrative Framework for Providing Thick Description in Qualitative Research
Authors: Younas Ahtisham , Fàbregues Sergi , Durante Angela , Escalante Elsa Lucia , Inayat Shahzad , Ali Parveen
Published: February 2023

Thick description of qualitative findings is critical to improving the transferability of qualitative research findings as it allows researchers to assess their applicability to other contexts and settings. However, what thick description entails and how it should be carried out is often missing or insufficiently described. While expert qualitative researchers may be familiar with the concept, the wide variety of meanings and interpretations of thick description in the literature may make it difficult for novice qualitative researchers to understand this concept when reporting qualitative findings. The purpose of this paper is to propose the “MIRACLE” narrative framework for providing thick description in qualitative research. We developed this framework based on a critical review of theoretical literature about thick description and writing in qualitative research, as well as our personal experiences conducting, writing, and publishing qualitative studies. The proposed framework can be valuable for improving the reporting quality and transferability of qualitative research findings.
Joint action with human and robotic co-actors: Self-other integration is immune to the perceived humanness of the interacting partner
Authors: Bouquet Cédric A , Belletier Clément , Monceau Sophie , Chausse Pierre , Croizet Jean-Claude , Huguet Pascal , Ferrand Ludovic
Published: February 2023

When performing a joint action task, we automatically represent the action and/or task constraints of the co-actor with whom we are interacting. Current models suggest that, not only physical similarity, but also abstract, conceptual features shared between self and the interacting partner play a key role in the emergence of joint action effects. Across two experiments, we investigated the influence of the perceived humanness of a robotic agent on the extent to which we integrate the action of that agent into our own action/task representation, as indexed by the Joint Simon Effect (JSE). The presence (vs. absence) of a prior verbal interaction was used to manipulate robot’s perceived humanness. In Experiment 1, using a within-participant design, we had participants perform the joint Go/No-go Simon task with two different robots. Before performing the joint task, one robot engaged in a verbal interaction with the participant and the other robot did not. In Experiment 2, we employed a between-participants design to contrast these two robot conditions as well as a human partner condition. In both experiments, a significant Simon effect emerged during joint action and its amplitude was not modulated by the humanness of the interacting partner. Experiment 2 further showed that the JSE obtained in robot conditions did not differ from that measured in the human partner condition. These findings contradict current theories of joint action mechanisms according to which perceived self-other similarity is a crucial determinant of self-other integration in shared task settings.
Unsupervised algorithms to identify potential under-coding of secondary diagnoses in hospitalisations databases in Portugal
Authors: Portela Diana , Amaral Rita , Rodrigues Pedro P , Freitas Alberto , Costa Elísio , Fonseca João A , Sousa-Pinto Bernardo
Published: February 2023

Background

Quantifying and dealing with lack of consistency in administrative databases (namely, under-coding) requires tracking patients longitudinally without compromising anonymity, which is often a challenging task.

Objective

This study aimed to (i) assess and compare different hierarchical clustering methods on the identification of individual patients in an administrative database that does not easily allow tracking of episodes from the same patient; (ii) quantify the frequency of potential under-coding; and (iii) identify factors associated with such phenomena.

Method

We analysed the Portuguese National Hospital Morbidity Dataset, an administrative database registering all hospitalisations occurring in Mainland Portugal between 2011–2015. We applied different approaches of hierarchical clustering methods (either isolated or combined with partitional clustering methods), to identify potential individual patients based on demographic variables and comorbidities. Diagnoses codes were grouped into the Charlson an Elixhauser comorbidity defined groups. The algorithm displaying the best performance was used to quantify potential under-coding. A generalised mixed model (GML) of binomial regression was applied to assess factors associated with such potential under-coding.

Results

We observed that the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) + k-means clustering method with comorbidities grouped according to the Charlson defined groups was the algorithm displaying the best performance (with a Rand Index of 0.99997). We identified potential under-coding in all Charlson comorbidity groups, ranging from 3.5% (overall diabetes) to 27.7% (asthma). Overall, being male, having medical admission, dying during hospitalisation or being admitted at more specific and complex hospitals were associated with increased odds of potential under-coding.

Discussion

We assessed several approaches to identify individual patients in an administrative database and, subsequently, by applying HCA + k-means algorithm, we tracked coding inconsistency and potentially improved data quality. We reported consistent potential under-coding in all defined groups of comorbidities and potential factors associated with such lack of completeness.

Conclusion

Our proposed methodological framework could both enhance data quality and act as a reference for other studies relying on databases with similar problems.
IPPASOS: The first digital forensic information system in Greece
Authors: Kalochristianakis Michael , Kontogiannis Andreas , Flouri Despoina E , Nathena Despoina , Kanaki Katerina , Kranioti Elena F
Published: February 2023

Objective

This article describes the first digital clinical information system tailored to support the operational needs of a forensic unit in Greece and to maintain its archives.

Method

The development of our system was initiated towards the end of 2018, as a close collaboration between the Medical School of the University of Crete and the Forensic Medicine Unit of the University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, where forensic pathologists assumed active roles during the specification and testing of the system.

Results

The final prototype of the system was able to manage the life cycle of any forensic case by allowing users to create new records, assign them to forensic pathologists, upload reports, multimedia and any required files; mark the end of processing, issue certificates or appropriate legal documents, produce reports and generate statistics. For the first 4 years of digitised data (2017–2021), the system recorded 2936 forensic examinations categorised as 106 crime scene investigations, 259 external examinations, 912 autopsies, 102 post-mortem CT examinations, 804 histological examinations, 116 clinical examinations, 12 anthropological examinations and 625 embalmings.

Conclusion

This research represents the first systematic effort to record forensic cases through a digital clinical information system in Greece, and to demonstrate its effectiveness, daily usability and vast potential for data extraction and for future research.
African Spiny Mice (Acomys) Exhibit Mild Osteoarthritis Following Meniscal Injury
Authors: Chan Kiara M. , Thurlow Nat A. , Maden Malcolm , Allen Kyle D.
Published: February 2023

Objective

Hyaline cartilage has limited innate healing abilities and hyaline cartilage loss is a hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA). Animal models can provide important insights into cartilage regeneration potential. One such animal model, the African spiny mouse ( Acomys), is capable of regenerating skin, skeletal muscle, and elastic cartilage. This study aims to evaluate whether these regenerative abilities protect Acomys with meniscal injury from OA-related joint damage and behaviors indicative of joint pain and dysfunction.

Design

Acomys received destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery ( n = 11) or a skin incision ( n = 10). Gait testing occurred at 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after surgery. At endpoint, joints were processed for histology to assess cartilage damage.

Results

Following joint injury, Acomys with DMM surgery altered their walking patterns by increasing the percent stance time on the contralateral limb relative to the operated limb, thereby reducing the amount of time the injured limb must bear weight on its own throughout the gait cycle. Histological grading indicated evidence of OA-related joint damage in Acomys with DMM surgery; these changes were primarily driven by loss of structural integrity in the hyaline cartilage.

Conclusions

Acomys developed gait compensations, and the hyaline cartilage in Acomys is not fully protected from OA-related joint damage following meniscal injury, although this damage was less severe than that historically found in C57BL/6 mice with an identical injury. Thus, Acomys do not appear to be completely protected from OA-related changes, despite the ability to regenerate other wounded tissues.
Congenital hydrocephalus diagnosed in a nonagenarian: Case report
Authors: Martinez Frank , Rotter Juliana , Graffeo Christopher , Lanzino Giuseppe
Published: February 2023

Congenital hydrocephalus after peripartum infection usually presents early in life; however, we present a 92-year-old female patient with newly diagnosed hydrocephalus secondary to peripartum infection. Intracranial imaging showed ventriculomegaly, calcifications bilaterally throughout the cerebral hemispheres, and findings suggesting a chronic process. This presentation is most likely to occur in low-resource settings, and given the risks of operation, conservative management was preferred.
Preferences for PrEP modalities among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men from Brazil, Mexico, and Peru: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Torres Thiago S. , Nascimento Alessandro R. , Coelho Lara E. , Konda Kelika A. , Vega-Ramirez E Hamid , Elorreaga Oliver A. , Diaz-Sosa Dulce , Hoagland Brenda , Guanira Juan V. , Pimenta Cristina , Benedetti Marcos , Caceres Carlos F. , Veloso Valdilea G. , Grinsztejn Beatriz
Published: February 2023

Background:

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) scale-up is urgent to reduce new HIV cases among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) in Latin America. Different PrEP modalities may increase PrEP uptake and adherence, especially among young MSM.

Objectives:

To assess preferences for PrEP modalities among MSM from Brazil, Mexico, and Peru.

Design:

Cross-sectional web-based study (March–May 2018) targeting MSM through advertisements on Grindr, Hornet, and Facebook. We included MSM aged ⩾ 18 years and who reported HIV-negative status.

Methods:

We assessed preferences for PrEP modalities with the following question: ‘Considering that all following PrEP modalities were available, which one would you prefer considering a scale from 1 to 3 (1 = most preferred): daily oral PrEP, event-driven PrEP (ED-PrEP), and long-acting injectable PrEP’. We assessed factors associated with each most preferred PrEP modality per country using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results:

A total of 19,457 MSM completed the questionnaire (Brazil: 58%; Mexico: 31%; Peru: 11%); median age was 28 years [interquartile range (IQR): 24–34]. Overall, injectable PrEP was the most preferred modality [42%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 41–43], followed by daily PrEP (35%; 95% CI: 34–35), and ED-PrEP (23%; 95% CI: 23–24). In multivariable models, preferring injectable PrEP was associated with PrEP awareness in all three countries, while PrEP eligibility only in Brazil. Preferring daily PrEP was associated with younger age and lower income in Brazil and Mexico, and lower education only in Brazil. The odds of preferring ED-PrEP were lower among MSM aware and eligible for PrEP in Brazil and Mexico.

Conclusions:

Long-acting injectable PrEP was the preferred PrEP modality among MSM in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru, especially those aware and eligible for PrEP. Public health interventions to increase PrEP modalities literacy and availability in Latin America are urgent especially among MSM of young age, lower income, and lower education.