bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF LIQUID-LIQUID SLUG BREAK UP MECHANISM IN A MICROCHANNEL T-JUNCTION AT VARIOUS MODIFIED WEBER NUMBER
Authors: Chin Jit Kai
Published: October 2018

The formation of immiscible liquid droplets, or slugs, in microchannels features the advantages of volume control and mixing enhancement over single-phase microflows. Although the applications of droplet-based microfluidics have been widely demonstrated, the fundamental physics governing droplet break-up remains an area of active research. This study defines an effective Weber (Weeff) number that characterizes the interplay of interfacial tension, shear stress and channel pressure drop in driving slug formation in T-junction microchannel for a relative range of low, intermediate and high flow rates. The immiscible fluid system in this study consists of Tetradecane slug formation in Acetonitrile. The progressive deformation of slug interfaces during break-up events is observed. Experimental results indicate that, at a relatively low Weeff, clean slug break-up occurs at the intersection of the side and main channels. At intermediate Weeff, the connecting neck of the dispersed phase is stretched to a short and thin trail of laminar flow prior to breaking up a short distance downstream of the T-junction. At a relatively high Weeff, the connecting neck develops into a longer and thicker trail of laminar flow that breaks up further downstream of the main channel.
PROCESS SIMULATION AND QUALITY EVALUATION IN INCREMENTAL SHEET FORMING
Authors: Hrairi Meftah , Echrif Salah B. M.
Published: October 2018

Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) is a promising sheet-metal-forming process that permits the manufacturing of small to medium-sized batches of complex parts at low cost. It allows metal forming to work in the critical ‘necking-to-tearing' zone which results in a strong thinning before failure if the process is well designed. Moreover, the process is complex due to the number of variables involved. Thus, it is not possible to consider that the process has been well assessed; several remaining aspects need to be clarified. The objective of the present paper is to study some of these aspects, namely, the phenomenon of the wall thickness overstretch along depth and the effect of the tool path on the distribution of the wall thickness using finite element simulations.Abstrak: Pembentukan Tokokan Mata Tunggal (Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF)) merupakan satu proses pembentukan kepingan logam yang membolehkan pembuatan dalam jumlah yang kecil hingga sederhana, bahagian-bahagian yang kompleks pada kos yang rendah. Jika proses ini direka dengan baik, kaedah ini membolehkan pembentukan logam yang baik terhasil. Jika tidak, semasa peringkat zon kritikal ‘perleheran-ke-pengoyakan' menyebabkan penipisan keterlaluan yang boleh menyebabkan logam tersebut rosak. Tambahan pula, proses ini agak kompleks, kerana ia melibatkan beberapa pemboleh ubah. Maka, walaupun proses ini telah dinilaikan seeloknya; masih terdapat beberapa aspek lain yang perlu diperjelaskan. Objektif kertas ini dibentangkan adalah untuk mengkaji beberapa aspek tertentu, seperti, ketebalan dinding regangan berlebihan di sepanjang kedalaman dan kesan tool path (beberapa siri posisi koordinat untuk menentukan pergerakan alatan memotong ketika operasi memesin) terhadap pengagihan ketebalan dinding menggunakan simulasi unsur terhingga.
Some Biological Activities of Malaysian Leech Saliva Extract
Authors: M. Abdualkader Abdualrahman , Merzouk Ahmed , Ghawi Abbas Mohammed , Alaama And Mohammed
Published: October 2018

Leeches were fed on the phagostimulatory solution through parafilm membrane. The satiated leeches were forced to regurgitate the solution by soaking them in an ice-container. The anticoagulant activity was ascertained using thrombin time assay (TT). The result revealed that the saliva concentration which increases TT by 100% (IC100) is 43.205µg/ml plasma. The antimicrobial activity of the saliva was tested against several bacterial spp. (E.coli, P.aeruginosa, B.cereus, Sal.typhi and S.aureus)  and fungi spp. (C.albicans and C.neoformans). It was found that saliva has an inhibition activity against Sal.typhi (minimal inhibitory concentration MIC 78.253µg/ml), S.aureus (MIC 78.253µg/ml) and E.coli (MIC 121.256µg/ml).ABSTRAK: Pacat-pacat diberi makan larutan phagostimulatory menerusi membran parafilem. Pacat-pacat yang kekenyangan itu dipaksa memuntahkan larutan tersebut dengan direndam di dalam bekas berisi ais. Aktiviti antigumpal ditentukan menggunakan cerakin masa trombin (TT). Keputusan menunjukkan kepekatan air liur pacat menyebabkan pertambahan TT sebanyak 100% (IC100) iaitu 43.205µg/ml plasma. Aktiviti antimikrob air liur telah diuji dengan pelbagai jenis bakteria (E.coli, P.aeruginosa, B.cereus, Sal.typhi dan S.aureus) dan pelbagai jenis kulat (C.albicans and C.neoformans). Didapati air liur menghasilkan aktiviti perencatan terhadap Sal.typhi (kepekatan perencat minima (Minimal inhibitory concentration - MIC) 78.253µg/ml), S.aureus (MIC 78.253µg/ml) dan E.coli (MIC 121.256µg/ml).
Isolation and Analytical Characterization of Local Malaysian Leech Saliva
Authors: Alaama Mohamed , AlNajjar Manar , Abdualkader Abdualrahman , Mohammad Abbas , Merzouk And Ahmed
Published: October 2018

Leech saliva contains biologically active compounds that are mainly proteins and peptides. In this study a modified and smooth extraction method of saliva was used without leeches' scarification. UV and Bradford Assay protein methods showed that the saliva extract contains high concentrations of proteins. RP-HPLC chromatogram revealed that more than 30 different peaks were observed in leech saliva extract. Gel electrophoresis revealed the existence of proteins and peptides with different molecular weights. The gel showed up to 25 different bands. Comparison of gel electrophoresis data with protein database revealed the closeness of four molecular weights to known proteins from Hirudinaria leech family. Other proteins detected by gel electrophoresis may be related to completely new biologically active proteins and peptides in the saliva extract or to a modification (isoforms) of the existing ones or finally to a mixture of both.ABSTRAK: Air liur pacat secara biologinya mengandungi sebahagian besar campuran aktif protein dan peptida. Dalam kajian ini, kaedah pengestrakan air liur pacat yang telah diubah suai digunakan tanpa perlu membunuh pacat. Kaedah protein Cerakin UV dan Bradford menunjukkan air liur pacat yang diekstrak mengandungi konsentrasi protein yang tinggi. Kromatogram RP-HPLC memperlihatkan lebih daripada 30 puncak berbeza diperolehi semasa air liur pacat diekstrak. Gel elektroforesis memperlihatkan kewujudan protein dan peptida dengan berat molekul yang berbeza. Gel menunjukkan hingga 25 jalur yang berbeza. Perbandingan data menggunakan gel elektroforesis seiring dengan pangkalan data protein memperlihatkan persamaan empat berat molekul, dengan protein yang yang dikenali daripada keluarga pacat Hirudinaria. Jenis protein lain yang dikesan dengan menggunakan gel elektrofosis mungkin juga berkait secara biologinya dengan protein dan peptida aktif yang baru, dalam ekstrak air liur atau pengubahsuaian (beberapa jenis yang berbeza daripada protein yang sama) daripada yang sedia ada ataupun gabungan kedua-duanya.KEY WORDS : leech saliva; RP-HPLC; gel electrophoresis.
Automated Characterization of Single-Photon Avalanche Photodiode
Authors: M. Ghazali Aina Mardhiyah , Bugge Audun Nystad , Sauge Sebastien , Makarov Vadim
Published: October 2018

We report an automated characterization of a single-photon detector based on commercial silicon avalanche photodiode (PerkinElmer C30902SH). The photodiode is characterized by I-V curves at different illumination levels (darkness, 10 pW and 10 µW), dark count rate and photon detection efficiency at different bias voltages. The automated characterization routine is implemented in C++ running on a Linux computer. ABSTRAK: Kami melaporkan pencirian pengesan foton tunggal secara automatik berdasarkan kepada diod foto runtuhan silikon (silicon avalanche photodiode) (PerkinElmer C30902SH) komersial. Pencirian  diod foto adalah berdasarkan kepada plot arus-voltan (I-V) pada tahap pencahayaan yang berbeza (kelam - tanpa cahaya, 10pW, dan 10µW), kadar bacaan latar belakang, kecekapan pengesanan foton pada voltan picuan yang berbeza. Pengaturcaraan C++ digunakan di dalam rutin pencirian automatik melalui komputer dengan sistem pengendalian LINUX.KEYWORDS: avalanche photodiode (APD); single photon detector; photon counting; experiment automation
Ethical And Religious Analysis On Euthanasia
Authors: Shuriye Abdi Omar
Published: October 2018

This paper is an analysis on euthanasia from ethical and religious perspectives. Historically, the classical Greek thinkers including Aristotle had categorically accepted euthanasia with the main reason of minimizing pain. However, as science develops ethical and religious isuues related to the subject have increasingly created fervent debates on euthanesia. ABSTRAK: Kertas ini mengkaji euthanasia dari perspektif agama dan etika. Sejarah telah melihat para pemikir Greek termasuk Aristotle secara kategorinya menerima Euthanasia dengan sebab utama untuk mengurangkan kesakitan. Bagaimanapun, apabila sains berkembang, perbahasan mengenai isu-isu agama dan etika tentang Euthanasia telah meningkat dengan nyata.KEYWORDS: mercy killing; religion; ethics; morality; euthanasia
COMBINED UNCOVERED SHEET-AND-TUBE PVT-COLLECTOR SYSTEM WITH BUILT-IN STORAGE WATER HEATER
Authors: Abid Muhammad , Karimov Kh. S.
Published: October 2018

This work describes the design and investigation of a simple combined uncovered sheet-and-tube photo-voltaic-thermal (PVT) collector system. The PVT-collector system consists of a support, standard PV module (1.22x0.305m, area=0.37m2, fill factor=0.75), sheet-and-tube water collector and storage tank-heater. The collector was fixed under PV module. Inclination angle of the PVT-collector to the horizontal plane was 45 degree. The storage tank-heater played double role i.e. for storage of hot water and for water heating. The PVT-collector system could work in the fixed and tracking modes of operation. During investigations of PVT-collector in natural conditions, solar irradiance, voltage and current of PV module, ambient temperature and water temperature in storage tank were measured. Average thermal and electrical powers of the PVT-collector system at the tracking mode of operation observed were 39W and 21W, with efficiencies of 15% and 8% respectively at the input power of 260W. The maximum temperature of the water obtained was 42oC. The system was observed efficient for low-temperature applications. The PVT-collector system may be used as a prototype for design of PVT-collector system for domestic application, teaching aid and for demonstration purposes.
A COMPARISON BETWEEN SINGLE LINKAGE AND COMPLETE LINKAGE IN AGGLOMERATIVE HIERARCHICAL CLUSTER ANALYSIS FOR IDENTIFYING TOURISTS SEGMENTS
Authors: Rashid Noor Rashidah
Published: October 2018

Cluster Analysis is a multivariate method in statistics. Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis is one of approaches in Cluster Analysis. There are two linkage methods in Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis which are Single Linkage and Complete Linkage. The purpose of this study is to compare between Single Linkage and Complete Linkage in Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. The comparison of performances between these linkage methods was shown by using Kruskal-Wallis test. The result of the comparison used for segmenting tourists of Kapas Island. The statistical software SPSS has been applied to analyze data of this research. The result from Kruskal-Wallis test shows Complete Linkage is more useful in identifying tourists segments. Keywords : Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, Single Linkage, Complete Linkage, Kruskal-Wallis test, tourists
Finite Element Simulation of Blanking Process
Authors: Ahmed Afzal , Muhamad Hasmira
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: The blanking process can be simulated by ABAQUS v 6.4 to select punch, die and press and ascertain punch wear and bur height. The experimental and the simulation results agree well with rising punch force up to the point of creation of crack. For a 2mm mild steel sheet, the simulation shows that for the punch force of 240 kN, the crack starts at 30% punch penetration depth and punch force suddenly drops to a value of 70 kN and remains steady till the blanking is complete. Comparing simulation and experimental results for a 3mm mild steel sheet, results agree well in the elastic range with the punch force rising up to point of crack creation. However, a discrepancy appears in punch force whichÂ increases with punch penetration. At 32% depth of penetration, the discrepancy is 12 % which increases to 60 % at punch penetration of 42%. Punch force for experimental and simulation results remainsÂ about 90kN beyond punch penetration of 62%. Also, increase of the thickness of sheet results in reduced crack height and improved quality of blank.ABSTRAK: Proses pengosongan boleh disimulasikan oleh ABAQUS versi 6.4 untuk memilih tebuk, alat dan tekan; dan menentukan haus tebuk dan ketinggian duri. Keputusan ujikaji dan simulasi adalah serupa dengan kenaikan daya tebuk hingga titik retakan diperolehi. Bagi kepingan keluli ringan 2mm simulasi menunjukkan bahawa untuk tenaga tebukan sebanyak 240 kN, retak bermula pada 30% kedalaman penembusan 30% tebukan dan daya tebuk tiba-tiba jatuh kepada 70 kN dan jumplah ini kekal sehingga proses pengosongan selesai. Â Apabila hasil simulasi dan eksperimen dibandingkan, keputusan experimen untuk keluli lembut 3mm, bersetuju dengan baik dalam julat anjal dan daya tebukan meningkat sehingga titik penciptaan retak diperolehi. Walau bagaimanapun percanggahan muncul apabila daya tebukan meningkat dengan daya penembusan. Pada kedalaman penembusan 32% percanggahan adalah 12% dan nilai ini meningkat kepada 60% apabila daya penembusan sebanyak 42%. Daya tebukan yang diukur melaluiÂ  eksperimen dan simulasi kekal pada kira-kira 90kN melepasi penembusan punch sebanyak 62%. Apabila ketebalan keputusan kunci ditambah, ketinggian retak dikurangkan dan ini meningkatkan kualiti pengosongan.KEYWORDS:Â simulation; finite element simulation; blanking; computer aided manufacturing
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE RELAXATION OF BOLTS
Authors: Abid Muhammad , Khalil Muhammad Shahid , Wajid Hafiz Abdul
Published: October 2018

Loss of pre-load with time, commonly known as â€˜Relaxationâ€™ is an established phenomena. Behaviour of a bolted joint depends upon the pre-load in the bolts in use, not the pre-load introduced by the mechanic. Loss of pre-load is expected due to the many factors such as embedment relaxation, gasket creep, elastic interactions, and vibration loosening or stress relaxation. In a gasketed joint, due to the gasket flexibility, relaxation is always substantial during preliminary passes, as 80 to 100% loss is not uncommon in almost all the bolts, resulting in a dynamic behaviour. Pre-load in a gasketed joint is stabilized and retained to certain extent in the final passes only. In a non-gasketed joint, due to no gasket and no rotation its static behaviour is concluded. This paper highlights the factors affecting the amount of relaxation with time and presents important considerations that can reduce this. Both the short and long term relaxations are recorded and a â€˜best fitâ€™ model for relaxation behaviour is derived.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT SOLAR AIR COLLECTORS
Authors: Karim M. A. , Amin Z. M.
Published: October 2018

The purpose of using solar air collectors is to raise the atmospheric air temperature to a temperature which can be used for various low and medium temperature applications. Collector, absorber and airflow arrangement are the most important components in the solar air collector. The performance of the collector depends on its heat loss and the absorber area that is in contact with the airflow. This study involves the theoretical simulation of the effect of mass flow rate on the performance, for flat plate and v-groove collectors that are in single and double pass configurations. Results show that the v-groove double pass air collector has the highest efficiency value of 56% at . The performance is greater than flat plate double pass collector, which has an efficiency of 54% under the same operating conditions.Â KEYWORDS: solar air collector; flat plate collector (fpc); v-groove collector; efficiency; single pass; double pass
INVESTIGATION OF PEM FUEL CELL FOR AUTOMOTIVE USE
Authors: Mohiuddin A. K. M. , Rahman Ataur , Chemani Mohamed Fadhil , Zakaria Mohd Baihaqi
Published: October 2018

This paper provides a brief investigation on suitability of Proton-exchange Â membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) as the source of power for transportation purposes. Hydrogen is an attractive alternative transportation fuel. It is the least polluting fuel that can be used in an internal combustion engine (ICE) and it is widely available. If hydrogen is used in a fuel cell which converts the chemical energy of hydrogen into electricity, (NOx) emissions are eliminated. The investigation was carried out on a Â fuel cell car model by implementing polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) types of fuel cell as the source of power to propel the prototype car. This PEMFC has capability to propel the electric motor by converting chemical energy stored in hydrogen gas into useful electrical energy. PEM fuel cell alone is used as the power source for the electric motor without the aid of any other power source such as battery associated with it. Experimental investigations were carried out to investigate the characteristics of fuel cell used and the performance of the fuel cell car. Investigated papameters are the power it develops, voltage, current and speed it produces under different load conditions.Â KEYWORDS:Â fuel cell; automotive; proton exchange membrane; polymer electrolyte membrane; internal combustion engine
ALHAJJ â€“ HAJJ APP FOR IOS
Authors: Shaout Adnan , Khan Shahzeb
Published: October 2018

This paper introduces the AlHajj app for iOS which is an interactive guide to Hajj, like an interactive map allowing users to walk through the process of the Hajj to develop a better understanding of the obligations, locations, dates and Hajj activities with the sequence they are performed in.Â  It covers both pre and post Hajj activities. AlHajj has a very simplistic and clean User Interface (UI).Â  The app is also written for maintainability and it is free.KEYWORDS:Â  Hajj; iOS; Software Tools; Interactive Map; Mobile App; Islam
REMOVAL OF CHROMIUM FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING LOCALLY AVAILABLE INEXPENSIVE TARO AND WATER HYACINTH AS BIOSORBENT
Authors: Khandaker Shahjalal , Saha Ganesh Chandra , Miah Mohammad Al Mamun
Published: October 2018

In this investigation, locally available and inexpensive Taro and Water Hyacinth were used as biosorbents to remove chromium from synthetic wastewater. The removal of this metal ion from water in the batch and column method have been studied and discussed. Adsorption kinetics and equilibrium isotherm studies were also carried out. The material exhibits good adsorption capacity and the data follow both Freundlich and Langmuir models. Scanning Electronic Microscopic image was also used to understand the surface characteristics of biosorbent before and after biosorption studies. Effects of various factors such as pH, adsorbent dose, adsorbate initial concentration, particle size etc. were analyzed. The initial concentrations of chromium were considered 5-30mgL-1 in batch method and only 4mgL-1 in column method. The maximum chromium adsorbed was 1.64 mgg-1 and 4.44 mgg-1 in Batch method and 1.15 mgg-1 and 0.75 mgg-1 in Column method. Batch and Column desorption and regeneration studies were conducted. Column desorption studies indicated that both of these biosorbents could be reused for removing heavy metals. Results of the laboratory experiments show that the performance of Taro and Water Hyacinth prove that they can effectively be used as low cost biosorbents for the removal of chromium from wastewater.KEYWORDS: Â  adsorption; chromium removal; Taro; water hyacinth; batch method; column studies
AN EFFICIENT TECHNIQUE FOR RETINAL VESSEL SEGMENTATION AND DENOISING USING MODIFIED ISODATA AND CLAHE
Authors: Khan Khan Bahadar , Khaliq Amir A , Shahid Muhammad , Khan Sheroz
Published: October 2018

Retinal damage caused due to complications of diabetes is known as Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). In this case, the vision is obscured due to the damage of retinal tinny blood vessels of the retina. These tinny blood vessels may cause leakage which affect the vision and can lead to complete blindness. Identification of these new retinal vessels and their structure is essential for analysis of DR. Automatic blood vessels segmentation plays a significant role to assist subsequent automatic methodologies that aid to such analysis. In literature most of the people have used computationally hungry a strong preprocessing steps followed by a simple thresholding and post processing, But in our proposed technique we utilize an arrangement ofÂ  light pre-processing which consists of Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) for contrast enhancement, a difference image of green channel from its Gaussian blur filtered image to remove local noise or geometrical object, Modified Iterative Self Organizing Data Analysis Technique (MISODATA) for segmentation of vessel and non-vessel pixels based on global and local thresholding, and a strongÂ  post processing using region properties (area, eccentricity) to eliminate the unwanted region/segment, non-vessel pixels and noise that never been used to reject misclassified foreground pixels. The strategy is tested on the publically accessible DRIVE (Digital Retinal Images for Vessel Extraction) and STARE (STructured Analysis of the REtina) databases. The performance of proposed technique is assessed comprehensively and the acquired accuracy, robustness, low complexity and high efficiency and very less computational time that make the method an efficient tool for automatic retinal image analysis. Proposed technique perform well as compared to the existing strategies on the online available databases in term of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate, true positive rate and area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
KNN BASED CLASSIFICATION OF DIGITAL MODULATED SIGNALS
Authors: Ghauri Sajjad Ahmed
Published: October 2018

Demodulation process without the knowledge of modulation scheme requires Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC). When receiver has limited information about received signal then AMC become essential process. AMC finds important place in the field many civil and military fields such as modern electronic warfare, interfering source recognition, frequency management, link adaptation etc. In this paper we explore the use of K-nearest neighbor (KNN) for modulation classification with different distance measurement methods. Five modulation schemes are used for classification purpose which is Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), 16-QAM and 64-QAM. Higher order cummulants (HOC) are used as an input feature set to the classifier. Simulation results shows that proposed classification method provides better results for the considered modulation formats.
CASCADE TOPOLOGIES FOR THE ASYMMETRIC MULTILEVEL INVERTER BY NEW MODULE TO ACHIEVE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF LEVELS
Authors: Samadaei Emad , Gholamian Seyyed Asghar , Sheikholeslami Abdolreza , Adabi Jafar
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT:Â  Multilevel inverters have been introduced as useful devices to connect between DC-AC systems. They are high quality output and cost benefit systems with a wide range of applications. Asymmetric multilevel inverters are a type of multilevel inverters with unequal DC link to create more voltage levels through fewer components. This paper presents new topologies of cascade multilevel inverter by a new module with a reduced component. Base module produces 13 levels by two types of unequal DC sources and 10 switches. Modular can be used to produce more and higher voltages levels. The designing of proposed multilevel inverter makes some preferable index with better quality than similar modular multilevel inverters, such as less semiconductors and DC sources, low switching frequency, creating of negative levels without any additional circuit, and module in cascade connections. Also, two cascade topologies are presented in the modular connections of the proposed module to achieve high and significant number of levels. Nearest level control (NLC) method as a switching technique is used in step changing levels for topologies to get more quality and lower harmonics. The presented module and cascade topologies are simulated by MATLAB/Simulink and are implemented by the experimental prototype in laboratory to validate the performance of proposed topologies in which simulated and experimental results show a good performance with the high quality output.
COMMUNITY BASED HOME ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Aziz Muhammad Adnan , Qureshi Ijaz Mansoor , Cheema Tanweer Ahmed , Rashid Engr. Akram
Published: October 2018

In a Smart Grid (SG) scenario, domestic consumers can gain cost reduction benefit by scheduling their Appliance Activation Time (AAT) towards the slots of low charge. Minimization in cost is essential in Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS) to induce consumers acceptance for power scheduling to accommodate for a Demand Response (DR) at peak hours. Despite the fact that many algorithms address the power scheduling for HEMS, community based optimization has not been the focus. This paper presents an algorithm that targets the minimization of energy costs of whole community while keeping a low Peak to Average Ratio (PAR) and smooth Power Usage Pattern (PUP). Objective of cost reduction is accomplished by finding most favorable AAT by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in conjunction with Inclined Block Rate (IBR) approach and Circular Price Shift (CPS). Simulated numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of CPS to assist the merger of PSO & IBR to enhance the reduction/stability of PAR and cost reduction.
DIRECT POWER CONTROL OF A DFIG BASED WIND TURBINS UNDER UNBALANCED GRID VOLTAGE WITHOUT ROTOR POSITION SENSOR
Authors: Izanlo Ali , Gholamian Asghar , Verij kazemi Mohammad
Published: October 2018

In this paper, the behavior of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is proposed under unbalanced grid voltage and without using a rotor position sensor. There are two main methods that are been used for the detection of rotor position: using shaft sensor and sensorless algorithm. In this paper the shaft sensor is eliminated and a position sensorless algorithm is used for estimating the rotor position. Sensorless operation is more desirable than using shaft sensor, because the shaft sensor has several disadvantages related to the cost, cabling, robustness and maintenance. Also, during network unbalance, three selectable control targets are identified for the rotor side converter (RSC), i.e., obtaining sinusoidal and symmetrical stator currents, mitigation of active and reactive powers ripples and the cancellation of electromagnetic torque oscillations. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is confirmed by the simulation results from a 2-MW DFIG system. It is concluded that the sensorless algorithm is able to produce accurate results similar to the case of that used from shaft sensor and it can be used in the practical applications.
Recycling and Disposal of Lithium Battery: Economic and Environmental Approach
Authors: Rahman Ataur , AFROZ RAFIA , SAFRIN MOHD
Published: October 2018

The adoption of Lithium-ion battery technology for Electric Vehicle/Hybrid electric vehicle has received attention worldwide recently. The price of cobalt (Co) and lithium (Li) has increased due to theÂ production of EV/HEV.Â  The used lithium battery is the valuable source of active metals (Co, Li, and Al) and the optimal way of extract these metals from this waste is still studied. The focus of this paper is to recovering active metals by using aÂ hydro-metallurgical method in laboratory scale with 48.8 Wh battery to reveal the economic and environment benefits. Calcination on extracted active metals as pre-thermal treatment has been conducted at 700Â°C to remove the organic compounds from the surface of active metals. The experiment has been conducted and theÂ result shows that the recovery of active metals (cathode) is 41% of cell cathode and anÂ anode is 8.5% of the cell anode materials, which are 48.8% and 23.4% of the cathode and anode cell material price, respectively. By recycling the battery active metals about 47.34%, the emission can be reduced by 47.61% for battery metal production and 60.7% for transportation of used battery disposal. The total emission can be controlled about 52.85% by recycling the active metals on battery production.
Influence of Work and Tool Materials on Parameters of Electrical Discharge Machining (Edm)
Authors: A.K.M.N. Amin A.K.M.N. Amin , Sarder A.K.
Published: October 2018

Influence of the properties of work and tool materials on material removal rate (MRR), tool wear ratio (TWR), thickness of the recast layer, surface roughness and accuracy of machining in EDM process has been investigated. Copper brass, stainless steel, mild steel and grey cast irou have been used in various combinations as work and tool materials. From the experimental results it is found that MRR slows down with machining time. Apart from that it has been found that MRR and TWR are inversely proportional to the melting points of the work and tool materials respectively. Electrical conductivity of the tool material also has appreciable influence on tool wear ratio. Wear ratio was found to be minimum in the case of the copper electrode having maximum electrical conductivity.  It has been also observed that for all combinations of work and tool materials, a recast layer is formed on the machined surface. It has been observed that the micro cavities formed in the cases of lower melting point electrode materials like copper and brass having higher electrical conductivity are comparatively smaller in size (2-3 ?m) as compared to the sizes of the micro cavities (8-20 ?m) formed in the cases of high melting pointer electrodes having also lower electrical conductivity. Consequenty the machined surface roughness produced in the latter cases is higher.  It has been also observed that the debris concentration increases due to side sparking of the electrode. The tendency of debris concentration is the maximum at the middle of the tool-job interface resulting in high bottom surface inaccuracy, specially when high melting point work materials are machined with electrodes like brass having low melting point and relatively lower electrical conductivity. From the point of view of MRR, brass electrodes have been found to be the most suitable tool, but from the point of view of machining accuracy and surface finish copper electrodes were found to yield the best result for the given set of job materials. So it was concluded that brass electrodes should be recommended for rough machining and copper electrodes for finish machining of the given work materials.
The Effect of the Operating Conditions on the Apparent Viscosity of Crude Palm Oil During Oil Clarification
Authors: Mirghani I. Ahmed and Yousif A. Abakr Sulaiman Al-Zuhair,
Published: October 2018

This paper discusses the apparent viscosity of crude palm oil, using rotary viscometer, under different boundary conditions. It was experimentally shown that the apparent viscosity of palm oil drops with increasing of the shear rate and the temperature.  However, the effect of temperature on the viscosity tends to fade at temperatures beyond 80 oC.  A correlation between the apparent viscosity of crude palm oil and the operating conditions was developed. This correlation can be used in design of crude palm oil settlers and in determining the optimum operating conditions.Key Words:  Crude palm oil, apparent viscosity, shear rate, modelling, separation
EFFECTS OF FEED CONCENTRATION AND WATER VAPOR ON CATALYTIC COMBUSTION OF ETHYL ACETATE AND BENZENE IN AIR OVER CR-ZSM-5 CATALYST
Authors: Abdullah Ahmad Zuhairi , Kamarudin Nor Shamira , Abu Bakar Mohamad Zailani , Bhatia Subhash
Published: October 2018

Catalytic combustion of ethyl acetate (EAc) and benzene (Bz) over chromium exchanged ZSM-5 (Si/Al=240) is reported. An 11 mm i.d. fixed-bed catalytic reactor, operated at temperatures between 100 oC and 500 oC, and under excess oxygen condition, was used for the catalytic activity measurement. Apparent order of reaction and apparent activation energy were determined by operating the reactor differentially at a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 78,900 h-1 and feed concentrations between 3,500 ppm to 17,700 ppm and 3,700 to 12,400 ppm for ethyl acetate and benzene, respectively. Ethyl acetate was more reactive than benzene due to highly reactive carbonyl group in the molecule. The combustion process satisfactorily fitted pseudo first-order kinetics with respect to organic concentration and a zero-order dependence on the oxygen concentration. The presence of water vapor (9,000 ppm) in the feed stream was found to weaken the reactivity of these organics which could also be demonstrated with increases in the activation energy from 23.1 kJ/mole to 37.6 kJ/mole for ethyl acetate and from 27.6 kJ/mole to 46.1 kJ/mole for benzene. Water vapor was found to play a positive role in the formation of carbon dioxide yield in ethyl acetate combustion. Deactivation of catalyst by water appeared to be only temporary and the activity reverted back to its original value once the source of water vapor was removed.
COMBINING MODERATE PULSED ELECTRIC FIELDS WITH TEMPERATURE AND WITH ORGANIC ACIDS TO INACTIVATE ESCHERICHIA COLI SUSPENSIONS
Authors: EL ZAKHEM Henri , LANOISELLE Jean-Louis , LEBOVKA Nikolai , NONUS Maurice , ALLALI Hind , VOROBIEV Eugene
Published: October 2018

The aim of this work was to study the efficiency of inactivation of Escherichia coli cells in aqueous suspensions using combined moderate pulsed electric field (PEF) and thermal treatments. The inactivation kinetics of E. coli cells in aqueous suspensions (1 wt%) was monitored using conductometric technique. The electric field strength E was within 5-7.5 kV/cm, the effective PEF treatment time was within 0-0.75 s, the pulse duration ti was within 0.3-1 ms, the medium temperature was 30-50°C, and the time of thermal treatment tT was within 0-7000 s. The organic acid concentration was within 0-0.5 g/L.The damage of E. coli was accompanied by release of intracellular components. The synergy between the PEF and thermal treatments in E. coli inactivation was clearly demonstrated. The damage efficiency was noticeably improved by addition of organic acids, especially lactic acid.
IMPROVING NONLINEAR PROCESS MODELING USING MULTIPLE NEURAL NETWORK COMBINATION THROUGH BAYESIAN MODEL AVERAGING (BMA)
Authors: Ahmad Zainal , Pick Ha Tang , â€˜Adawiah Mat Noor Rabiatul
Published: October 2018

Improving model generalization of aggregated multiple neural networks for nonlinear dynamic process modeling using Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) is proposed in this paper. Using BMA method, the posterior probability of a particular network being the true model is used as the combination weight for aggregating the network despite of using fixed combination weight as the model. The posterior probabilities are calculated using the sum square error (SSE) from the training data on each of the sample time, and tested to the testing data. The selections for the final weight are based on the least SSE calculated when each of the posterior probability is applied to the testing data. The likelihood method is employed for calculating the network error for each input data. Then, it is used to calculate the combination weight for the networks. Two non-linear dynamic system-modeling case studies are selected for this proposed method, which are water tank level prediction and pH neutralization process. Application result demonstrates that the combination using BMA technique can significantly improve model generalization compared to other linear combination approaches.
“Bom ou mau docente?” Os desafios entre a teoria e a prática no curso de Pedagogia/IE/UFMT
Authors: De Souza Silva Viviane Salarolli , Gomes Cleomar Ferreira
Published: October 2018

Busca-se compreender o que leva um discente classificar um docente de “bom” ou “mau”, traçando assim o perfil do “bom docente”. Esclarecer a existência destas categorias nas relações instituídas e suas contribuições para a formação é o que nos move. O estudo foi realizado na Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, campus Cuiabá/MT. A metodologia foi um questionário de natureza qualitativa. Participaram 20 discentes do curso de Pedagogia matutino (3º e 4º anos), sendo 19 do sexo feminino e um do masculino. Com base nos dados, concluímos que a importância não reside na classificação em si, mas, sobretudo, na forma como os educadores optam por um conjunto de características que possibilite o fazer pedagógico e os desafios daqueles que militam pela educação.
Reflexão sobre a ação na formação e prática docente: autoconhecimento e identidade profissional
Authors: Sivieri-Pereira Helena De Ornellas , Lopes Dennis Gabiatti , Crisóstomo Renata Lemos
Published: October 2018

A constituição da identidade docente passa por caminhos teóricos, práticos, sociais, culturais e individuais. Este trabalho objetivou identificar a relação que o professor estabelece entre suas dimensões pessoais e profissionais na sua formação e prática diária. Utilizou três ferramentas para coleta de dados: história de vida temática, registro de campo e grupo focal. Participaram da pesquisa cinco professores da rede pública de ensino de Uberaba e região. Os resultados mostram cinco categorias de acordo com a temática principal: Escolha da carreira docente, Identidade e Perfil Profissional, Dimensões pessoais, Estratégias e Angústias e perspectivas. Pode-se perceber que a identidade profissional e pessoal dos docentes estão (retirada) ligados e podem ser percebidos através das reflexões de suas práticas profissionais. Fazer o caminho reflexivo sobre sua prática permite então ao professor ter ferramentas para atuar de maneira a edificar uma prática de ensino que não se limite à reprodução mecanicista do conhecimento.
Andrzej Grzegorczyk as a Philosopher of Education
Authors: Hirnyy Oleg
Published: October 2018

The paper presents scientific portrait of the famous Polish scientist, the last representative of the famous Lviv-Warsaw logical-philosophical school, a great friend of Ukraine, Professor Andrzej Grzegorczyk, who died two years ago. In addition to his main passion – mathematical logic, in which he has the world-class results. Andrzej Grzegorczyk studied ethics and philosophy, in particular in such its sphere, which he called “rationalism, opened to values”. It is briefly described his studies in that area, which is often called the “philosophy of education”, although in many cases it should say rather the “philosophy in education”. This research sphere is undeservingly considered as a peripheral one in his work. In fact, it is of prime importance for the development of the theoretical bases of pedagogy. In particular, his scientific program of anthropological description (so-called “human condition”) and based on this description the program developed by him (so-called “Universal School Program”) deserve the special attention.
,,Wenn ich arbeite, geht es mir schlecht, arbeite ich nicht, ist es das gleiche"
Authors: Aschemann Gunther , Frey Cornelia
Published: October 2018

Jugendarbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitslosenbewegungen in Italien
In Vivo Study of Tricomponent Resorbable Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement Based on Tricalcium Phosphate
Authors: Mamonov National Research , Chemis National Research , Drize National Research , Proskurina National Research , Kryazhkov I. I. , Komlev V. S.
Published: October 2018

Results of experimental morphologic study of tricomponent resorbable calcium phosphate bone cement (CPhC), based on tricalcium phosphate for the filling of defect as a temporary bearing resorbable matrix are presented. Study was performed on soviet chinchilla rabbits weighting 3200-3500 g. The model of critical spongy bone defect was used. At different observation terms (6, 9 and 12 months) gradual substitution of biomaterial with newly formed bone tissue from periphery to the center was observed with complete cement resorption 12 months after surgery. By mechanic characteristics newly formed bone in the defect was stronger than the surrounding trabecular one. It was stated that material possessed hemostatic effect and moderate toxicity. Peripheral bone marrow maintained its cellularity at all terms, gradually filling intertrabecular space of newly formed bone. Achieved data enable to recommend wide used of CPhC for bone defects substitution.
Structural Parameters of Proximal Femur in Evaluation of Its Strength
Authors: Rodionova S. S. , Torgashin A. N. , Solod E. I. , Morozova N. S. , Morozov A. K. , Lapkina S. V.
Published: October 2018

Comparative assessment of software HAS for Hologic densitometer was performed in two groups of osteoporotic patients (mean age 60.4 years) with and without proximal femur fractures. The area of cross-section, cross-section moment of inertia, axial moment of section resistance, cortical bone thickness and coefficient of bending were assessed in three zones of the femur (narrow part of the neck, intertrochanteric and diaphyseal zones). Results of linear discriminant analysis showed that totality of 9 out of 15 geometric parameters assessed by that program enabled with 100% probability to differentiate patients with and without fractures and gave the background to introduce that method into clinical practice for timely detection of patients with high risk of proximal femur fracture.
Surgical Correction of Severe Secondary Anterior Foot Deformity
Authors: Privalov A. M.
Published: October 2018

Clinical case of successful correction of severe iatrogenic foot deformity following several failed operations for transverse platypodia correction is presented. Application of several surgical techniques totality in combination with restoration of foot bones anatomical arrangement enabled to achieve positive result.
Results of Bone Plasty with Allografts in Revision Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Zagorodniy N. V. , Nuzhdin V. I. , Bukhtin K. M. , Kagramanov S. V.
Published: October 2018

Results of 79 revision hip arthroplasties using bone defects plasty with allografts were analyzed. Plasty of defects in the zone of acetabulum was performed in 62 operations (group I), alloplasty of femoral defects - in 17 interventions (group II). Mean follow up period made up 5 (3-14) years. In group I excellent treatment results were recorded in 18 (29.03%) cases, good - in 23 (37.1%), satisfactory - in 15 (24.19%), poor - in 6 (9.68%) cases and in II group in 4 (23.53%), 6 (35.29%), 5 (29.41%) and 2 (11.76%) cases, respectively. It was shown that in revision arthroplasty application of allografts increased the risk of suppurative complication development while insertion of distal fixation revision stems enabled to avoid allograft application in femoral defects.
Experience in use of Wagner SL Revision Stem for Revision Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Kavalerskiy G. M. , Murylyov V. Yu. , Rukin Ya. A. , Kholodaev M. Yu. , Elizarov P. M.
Published: October 2018

Experience in revision hip arthroplasty with change of femoral stem was analyzed for 165 patients. In 107 operations (64.8%) Wagner SL Revision Stems were used, in the rest of cases - femoral components of other manufacturers. Distribution of patients by femoral defect type by Paprovsky was the following: I type - 27 patients, II type - 75, IIIA type - 59, IIIB and IV type - 4 patients. Good results at use of Wagner SL Revision Stems and stems of other manufacturers were comparable and made up 87.9 and 86.2%, respectively. Achieved data enabled to make conclusion that Wagner SL Revision Stem use is reasonable for patients with hip implant instability in I-IIIA femoral bone deficit, as they are cheaper than the modular revision stems and their design prevents the wear in the area of modular junction.
Comparative Analysis of Short and Mid-Term Results of Primary Total Hip Replacement by Serial Cemented and Uncemented Fixation Implants
Authors: Prokhorenko V. M. , Slobodskoy A. B. , Mamedov A. A. , Dunaev A. G. , Voronin I. V. , Badak I. S. , Lezhnev A. G.
Published: October 2018

Analysis of short-term (5 - 8 years) and mid-term (10 - 14 years) results of primary total hip replacement using cemented and uncemented fixation implants of foreign (Zimmer) and home (Endoservice) serial production. The study was based on the results of 2620 surgical interventions (2911 operations, out of them 1512 - with ESI, 1399 - with Zimmer implants) performed in two independent clinics. Revision intervention due to aseptic loosening of implant components was required in 62 (ESI) and 66 (Zimmer) cases and the terms of that complication development were practically the same. In 5 to 8 years after operation excellent, good and satisfactory results (70 - 100 points by Harris) were observed in 95.2% of patients operated on using ESI implants and in 94.8% of patients - with Zimmer implants. In 10 - 14 years the indices made up 89.2 and 88.2%, respectively. Thus, the results of different implants application were comparable
Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Spiral Tibial Fractures
Authors: Matsukatov F. A. , Martel’ I. I.
Published: October 2018

To elaborate a method of quantitative evaluation of instable spiral tibial bones fractures as the basis for differential approach to secondary displacement prevention, x-rays of 312 patients were analyzed and a series of experiments to study spiral fractures peculiarities was performed. The factors responsible for the instable pattern of spiral tibial fractures were detected. Quantitative index of the risk of secondary displacement was calculated and preventive measures were elaborated on their basis. Proposed recommendations on secondary displacement prevention were used as a basis for the treatment of 83 patients using Matsukidis - Shevtsov apparatus. Long-term treatment results were studied in 59 (71%) patients. Excellent and good results were achieved in 51 (86.5%) and 8 (13.5%) patients, respectively. Neither satisfactory nor poor results were observed.
Comparison of Fibroarchitectonics and Strength Properties Preservation Criteria of Lyophilized Allografts with Different Type of Fibrous Framework
Authors: Shangina O. R. , Khasanov R. A. , Bulgakova L. A. , Musina L. A.
Published: October 2018

An overall estimation of the structure and strength properties of lyophilized connective tissue allografts from 73 cadavers of both sexes, aged from 20 to 50, was performed. Criteria for preservation of their fibroarchitectonics depending upon the type of the connective tissue fibrous framework and presence of the main substance were determined. It was shown that lyophilization process was accompanied by changes in architectonics and reduction of strength properties in allografts made of dense formed connective tissue with orientated (Achilles tendon) and mixed (dura mater, broad fascia) type of fibrous framework. A spatial non-orientated type of derma fibrous framework in weight bearing foot segments stipulated preservation of architectonics and plastic properties after lyophilization.