bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Linguistic Characteristics of Physicians’ Communication and Their Economic Returns: Mixed Method Study
Authors: Geng Shuang , He Yuqin , Duan Liezhen , Yang Chen , Wu Xusheng , Liang Gemin , Niu Ben
Published: November 2023

Background

Web-based health care has the potential to improve health care access and convenience for patients with limited mobility, but its success depends on active physician participation. The economic returns of internet-based health care initiatives are an important factor that can motivate physicians to continue their participation. Although several studies have examined the communication patterns and influences of web-based health consultations, the correlation between physicians’ communication characteristics and their economic returns remains unexplored.

Objective

This study aims to investigate how the linguistic features of 2 modes of physician-patient communication, instrumental and affective, determine the physician’s economic returns, measured by the honorarium their patients agree to pay per consultation. We also examined the moderating effects of communication media (web-based text messages and voice messages) and the compounding effects of different communication features on economic returns.

Methods

We collected 40,563 web-based consultations from 528 physicians across 4 disease specialties on a large, web-based health care platform in China. Communication features were extracted using linguistic inquiry and word count, and we used multivariable linear regression and K-means clustering to analyze the data.

Results

We found that the use of cognitive processing language (ie, words related to insight, causation, tentativeness, and certainty) in instrumental communication and positive emotion–related words in affective communication were positively associated with the economic returns of physicians. However, the extensive use of discrepancy-related words could generate adverse effects. We also found that the use of voice messages for service delivery magnified the effects of cognitive processing language but did not moderate the effects of affective processing language. The highest economic returns were associated with consultations in which the physicians used few expressions related to negative emotion; used more terms associated with positive emotions; and later, used instrumental communication language.

Conclusions

Our study provides empirical evidence about the relationship between physicians’ communication characteristics and their economic returns. It contributes to a better understanding of patient-physician interactions from a professional-client perspective and has practical implications for physicians and web-based health care platform executives.
Artificial Intelligence–Based Methods for Integrating Local and Global Features for Brain Cancer Imaging: Scoping Review
Authors: Ali Hazrat , Qureshi Rizwan , Shah Zubair
Published: November 2023

Background

Transformer-based models are gaining popularity in medical imaging and cancer imaging applications. Many recent studies have demonstrated the use of transformer-based models for brain cancer imaging applications such as diagnosis and tumor segmentation.

Objective

This study aims to review how different vision transformers (ViTs) contributed to advancing brain cancer diagnosis and tumor segmentation using brain image data. This study examines the different architectures developed for enhancing the task of brain tumor segmentation. Furthermore, it explores how the ViT-based models augmented the performance of convolutional neural networks for brain cancer imaging.

Methods

This review performed the study search and study selection following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. The search comprised 4 popular scientific databases: PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar. The search terms were formulated to cover the interventions (ie, ViTs) and the target application (ie, brain cancer imaging). The title and abstract for study selection were performed by 2 reviewers independently and validated by a third reviewer. Data extraction was performed by 2 reviewers and validated by a third reviewer. Finally, the data were synthesized using a narrative approach.

Results

Of the 736 retrieved studies, 22 (3%) were included in this review. These studies were published in 2021 and 2022. The most commonly addressed task in these studies was tumor segmentation using ViTs. No study reported early detection of brain cancer. Among the different ViT architectures, Shifted Window transformer–based architectures have recently become the most popular choice of the research community. Among the included architectures, UNet transformer and TransUNet had the highest number of parameters and thus needed a cluster of as many as 8 graphics processing units for model training. The brain tumor segmentation challenge data set was the most popular data set used in the included studies. ViT was used in different combinations with convolutional neural networks to capture both the global and local context of the input brain imaging data.

Conclusions

It can be argued that the computational complexity of transformer architectures is a bottleneck in advancing the field and enabling clinical transformations. This review provides the current state of knowledge on the topic, and the findings of this review will be helpful for researchers in the field of medical artificial intelligence and its applications in brain cancer.
Intelligent Traffic System (ITS)
Authors: Sukale Atharva Atul , Lankennavar Sunil P , Bhoite Prof. Suraj S.
Published: November 2023

Abstract: One of the main issues of the modern day is effectively monitoring traffic. The influence on automobiles has increased in step with the population's exponential growth during the past century. The current transportation systems are under a great deal of strain as a result of this. Several traffic systems still operate today, ignoring the amount of traffic at that intersection, by assigning set timeslots to each traffic light. Millions of people lose valuable time in traffic as a result, while noise and air pollution also negatively impact the environment. In order to address these issues, we provide a system that controls traffic by using the main element of taking into account traffic density in real time. In order to accomplish its objective, this system makes use of cameras in addition to image processing.
A comparative evaluation of two approaches for loading a therapeutic agent into custom fabricated electrospun nanofiber based innovative wound bandages
Authors: Tabane Tumelo H. , Batlokwa Bareki S.
Published: November 2023

In this work, we evaluated two different approaches; the pvpi_blended and the pvpi_soaked approaches, of loading a model therapeutic agent, povidone-iodine (pvpi), into innovatively fabricated, electrospun poly-Ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) nanofiber based wound bandages. The two loading approaches were compared based on the critical parameters that an excellent wound dressing material must possess; loading capacity, therapeutic agent releasing behavior and wettability. From the results, the pvpi_blended approach PCL nanofiber mats with their higher calculated pvpi loading capacities of 97.0% outperformed the pvpi_soaked approach PCL nanofiber mats with 61.2%. They further outclassed the soaked_approach mats when it came to pvpi release time, recording a longer prolonged time of 98 min compared to shorter, faster time of 18 min for the release of 50% or more of pvpi for both. Furthermore, it was found out that the presence of the hydrophilic pvpi within the structure of the prepared PCL nanofiber mats bandages, altered the natural hydrophobicity of the pure PCL mats to slightly hydrophilic making them compatible with the hydrophilic wound exudates and their excellent absorbers. Additionally, the pvpi_loaded PCL nanofiber mat bandages exhibited favorable morphological attributes such as smooth surfaces, nano sized fibers with estimated diameters of 350 nm and high surface area to volume ratio, that supported high performance efficiency of the prepared materials. Overall, the blended presented itself as an approach of choice for incorporating medication when developing medicated nanofiber-based bandages such as the ones in this study, which are potential replacements of the conventional drug wasting, micro-structured cotton bandages.

Keywords: Electrospinning, Nanostructured bandages, Electrospun nanofiber bandages, Innovative drug delivery bandages, Smart bandages, Blended approach, Chronic wounds.
Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles of Gymnema sylvestre Extract on Wistar Rats
Authors: Gotteparthi Sravani , Kotaru Manvitha , Krishnan S. Ashok , Sridevi K.
Published: November 2023

Diabetes mellitus is described as a metabolic disorder, which was characterised by high blood glucose levels, which were resulted due to insufficient insulin secretion. There were major complications related to diabetes mellitus. To evaluate the antidiabetic effect of Gymnema sylvestre Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. Streptozotocin (STZ) of 50mg/kg is used for the induction of diabetes into Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 6 groups. Group-I represented as Control; Group-II represented as diabetic control (STZ ); Group-III represented as 5 mg/kg body weight of glibenclamide + diabetes; Group-IV represented as Gymnema sylvestre extract + diabetes; Group-V represented as 100 µg Gymnema sylvestre Zinc Oxide nanoparticles + diabetes; group-6-  Gymnema sylvestre Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles 200 µg + diabetes. The GsZnONPs were inspected to morphological properties using UV spectrophotometer and FTIR. The GsZnONPs shown characterization peak at 300nm. The study has shown that GsZnONPs treated group has shown reduced glucose concentration. The histo-pathological alterations were also studied in all experimental groups. The pathology results of GsZnONPs (200 µg) group has shown the regeneration of islets cells of pancreas. The research study has proved that Gymnema sylvestre ZnO NPs exerts antidiabetic properties.

Keywords: Diabetes, Gymnema sylvestre, Zinc Oxide nanoparticles
Bilateral Choanal Atresia: A Case Report of a Neonate
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Agarwal L. D. , Jain Vartika , Gupta Abhishek Kumar , Hritika Hritika , Kumari Priyanka , Sinwal Aashutosh
Published: November 2023

The objective is to describe a rare case of bilateral Choanal atresia (CA). It is a congenital deformity of posterior nares where both nares are not patent at all or stenosed. While unilateral CA can remain unidentified for years, bilateral CA is typically detectable immediately after birth in neonates who prefer to breathe via their nose until they are four months old. An 18 days old male patient was admitted to the male surgery ward with complaints of respiratory distress and not taking feed for 2 days. The patient has been hospitalized after birth in a railway hospital and referred to a pediatric surgeon and he was diagnosed as a case of bilateral CA. During surgery, posterior nares were perforated, and dilated and stenting of posterior nares was performed with infant feeding tube no.8 with the help of a guide wire. Bilateral CA is a medical emergency that needs to be treated in newborns as early as possible. CT scan of the skull base and paranasal sinus can be helpful as a diagnostic tool in detecting the condition.

Keywords: Choanal atresia, stenting, congenital deformity, infant feeding tube
Almond (Prunus amygdalus L.): A source of revitalizing health and its therapeutic application
Authors: Siddiqui Momina , Begum Wajeeha
Published: November 2023

Nature is the source of some exquisite food products, having a wondrous amalgam of beneficial bioactive compounds with diverse health effects, often unattainable in synthetic products. Almond is a one of the valuable health benefiting food, from the Rosaceae family, have long been known as a source of essential nutrients; nowadays, they are in demand as a healthy food with increasing popularity for the general population and producers. They are native to the region which extends from India to Persia; the almond tree had spread to east and west of its native region thousands of years before Christ. Bitter and sweet almond are its types. It consists of Kernel or meat, mid shell and outer green shell. They are a rich source of vitamin E, dietary fiber, B-vitamins, proteins, calcium, magnesium, mono-unsaturated fats and phytosterols. This is also one of the classical Unani drugs prescribed by Hakeems in different body ailments. In Unani literature, it is mainly described as Muqawwī-i-dimāgh (Brain tonic), Murattib-i-dimāgh (Brain demulcent), Mulayyin (Laxative), Muqawwī-i-bāh (Aphrodisiac) and Mughadhdhi (Nutritious) etc. This is a review paper which discuss morphology, pharmacological action, ethno-medicinal and therapeutic uses of this medicinal plant in perspective of Unani medicine. This review has been done through online searches of databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, science direct and hand search for classical textbook available in libraries. It concluded that Almond is one of the best herbal medicines in treatment of Palpitation, Amnesia, Hyperlipidemic, Sexual Debility, Dysmenorrhea, as it possess the following properties Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Anticancer, Antioxidant, Antihypertensive, Anti-inflammatory, Immunity enhancer, Hepato-protective Neuro-protective.

Keywords: Unani System of Medicine, Almond, Badam Shireen, Neuroprotective, Immunobooster, Muqawwī-i-dimāgh
Fabrication of innovative wound exudates dissolvable electrospun povidone-iodine loaded poly (Ɛ-caprolactone)-poly (ethylene oxide) composite nanofiber mat based wound bandages
Authors: Tabane Tumelo H. , Batlokwa Bareki S.
Published: November 2023

Changing of bandage when nursing chronic wounds is a necessary exercise that encourages effective wound healing but often the bandage gets stuck to the wound, making changing it painful and uncomfortable. Furthermore, most of the wound medicine that is usually smeared on the bandage gets thrown away with the removed bandage unused. To deal with these challenges, we fabricated an innovative, dissolvable, drug releasing bandage based on electrospun povidone iodine (pvpi) blended poly (Ɛ-caprolactone), PCL-poly (ethylene oxide), PEO, composite nanofiber mats. From the experiments, smooth, yellow coloured nanofiber mats of calculated average fiber diameters of 341 nm were obtained from electrospinning an optimized 80:20 (v/v) PCL: PEO composite solution, blended with an optimized quantity of pvpi acting as model medicine incorporated in the structure of the nanofiber mats. From the performance evaluation results, the electrospun composite nanofiber mats excelled in releasing over 50% of the loaded pvpi over prolonged drug release time of 210 min which compared well with 200 min we reported in our previous work. Additionally, the composite nanofiber mats proved to be hydrophilic, influenced by the incorporation of the hydrophilic pvpi and PEO within the composite mats. Furthermore, the nanofiber mats gradually dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), that was employed as wound exudate mimic, just under 24 h qualifying them as wound exudates-dissolvable nanofiber bandages that could revolutionize the bandage history and make wound care management free from bandage changes as well as totally removing medicine wastage during bandage changing and improving medicine efficacy during wound dressing.

Keywords: Chronic wounds, Wound exudates, Electrospinning, Polymer composite nanofibers, Electrospun nanofiber bandages, Innovative drug delivery bandages, Dissolvable nanostructured bandages
Investigation of active peptides from natural products that induce ER-stress-mediated apoptosis in cancer as potential therapeutics for kidney cancer, common in some genetic diseases: An in silico approach
Authors: Elisee Libert Embolo Enyegue , Awalou Halidou , Essame Oyono Jean Louis
Published: November 2023

Background: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress initiates an unfolded protein response (UPR) to re-establish ER homeostasis as an adaptive pathway in cancer. However, persistent ER stress triggers the apoptotic pathway usually observed in kidney cancer (KC). The term KC actually refers to a number of distinct cancers. Kidney cancer is generally observed in a number of genetic diseases. Treatment options for KC have changed greatly over the years. The most commonly used tyrosine kinase inhibitors, TKI, show conflicting results regarding their beneficial effects on patients, as demonstrated in different KC patient cohort studies, indicating that the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in KC are more complex and likely need combined therapies able to modulate the activity of endoplasmic reticulum. Methods: The purpose of this research was to generate peptides from natural products in sillico that might be used as kidney cancer potential modulators. For this aim, several methods were used: Target prediction, protein hydrolysis, and protein-peptide molecular docking have all been used as techniques. Results: The network of critical KC genes is composed of C3AR1, CSNK2A2, ACE, DPP4, CAPN1, FPR2, HLA-A, and MMP2, together with predicted kinases such as RPS6KA5, MAPK14, CSNK2A1, PRKCD, CDK1, and HIPK2, in addition to transcription factors such as IRF8, TCF3, ERG, CREB1, EZH2, SPI1, IRF1, and SUZ12. The identified molecular targets of the isolated peptides are: HLA class I histocompatibility antigen A-3, lipoxin A4, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, angiotensinconverting enzyme, cyclooxygenase-2, C3a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor, melanocortin receptor 4, neurotensin receptor 1, mu opioid receptor, delta opioid receptor, and calpain 1. Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that GVSK, PGP, WQR, YGGF, and IF peptides are promising candidates for further study. Future work would be needed to test the therapeutic properties of these hydrolysate peptides using in vitro and in vivo approaches.
EVALUATION OF THE FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING OF TECTOQUINONE COMPOUND ISOLATED FROM SYZYGIUM OBLANCEOLATUM (C.B.ROB.) MERR
Authors: Najib Ahmad , Handayani Virsa , Jaelani Muhammad Rizki
Published: November 2023

Aim and objective: In this study, the free radical scavenging of tectoquinone compound isolated from leaf of Syzygium oblanceolatum (C.B. Rob.) Merr was investigated by assessing their capacity to scavenge free radicals using the DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay.
Methods: The quantitative assessment of antioxidant activity was conducted using a UV-Vis spectrophotometric approach, with measurements taken at a wavelength of 516 nm.
Results: The IC50 value, representing the concentration required to inhibit 50% of the DPPH radicals, was determined to be 66.362 μg/mL, indicating a moderate free radical-scavenging activity.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that tectoquinone compounds possess a discernible ability to against free radical, though further research may be necessary to optimize their potential applications in health and medicine.
                       
Peer Review History:
Received: 21 August 2023; Revised: 18 September; Accepted: 9 October, Available online: 15 November 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, alyahawipharm@yahoo.com
Received file:                             Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, ahsndkyc@gmail.com
Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, sangeetha@utar.edu.my
EXTENT OF HEPATOTOXICITY OF ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS USED IN PAKISTAN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Shahid Sara , Ahmed Fahad , Mustafa Abid , Sana Anosh , Khan Rabeel , Shahzad Seerat , Zulfiqar Ayesha , Farooq Hamza , Abbas Sameen , Razzaq Tabinda , Amjad Umair , Ali Wasiq , Saqlain Muhammad
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease with high rates of infection and mortality throughout the world, but its spread is greater in developing countries, and its control is difficult. It is known that the most common side reaction of drug treatment for tuberculosis is hepatotoxicity resulting from the drugs, which negatively affects adherence to treatment as a result of patients not continuing to use it.
Objective:This study aimed to determine the extent of hepatotoxicity as a result of drug treatment for tuberculosis.
Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study conducted on TB patients undergoing TB treatment in a general hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan. A data collection form was used to obtain demographic and treatment data. The hepatotoxicity of TB drug therapy was evaluated by performing liver function tests (LFTs).Study duration was of 4 months.
Results: The study showed that out of 100 tuberculosis patients, 55 patients were hepatotoxic. Hepatotoxic population includes 26% males and 29% females including almost 10% children either male or female. The maximun hepatotoxicity was observed in the patients undergoing combination therapy. Around 3-5 % patients showed that the Serum-GlutamicPyruvic-Transaminase (SGPT) values more than 2 times of their normal values. While other 50% showed hepatotoxicity 1-2 times of their normal values. Most of the patients found were in the age group  ranging from 35-60 years. The main drugs used in tuberculosis treatment were: Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutal.
Conclusion:The rate of hepatotoxicity in TB patients on anti-TB treatment was high. The current study concluded that the more we move towards a greater number of drugs in combination, the greater the extent and chance of hepatotoxicity. The combination of three anti-tuberculosis drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide) resulted in maximum hepatotoxicity.
                       
Peer Review History:
Received: 21 August 2023; Revised: 18 September; Accepted: 19 October, Available online: 15 November 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, maafayed@gmail.com
Received file:                             Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Owanaro Peter, Nigeria,  Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. owonaropeter@gmail.com
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye
Dr. Sheikh Abdul Khaliq, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, drwadhsheikh1974@gmail.com
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF RICINUS COMMUNIS AND THE NEED FOR NOVEL FORMULATION OF THE EXTRACTS: A REVIEW
Authors: Ekoja Ali , Audu-Peter Jennifer D.
Published: November 2023

Some drugs from plant and animal sources have proven to be efficacious, safe, and effective therapeutically. They are potential alternatives to synthetic and semi-synthetic drugs in treating diseases, especially the chronic types. Ricinus communis is one such plant that has been used traditionally for centuries as a medicinal plant in the treatment of a wide range of ailments and disorders like stomach aches, flatulence, constipation, and gallbladder pain. Others include dysmenorrhea, rheumatism, arthritis, backache, muscle aches, and toothache. In addition, other uses include chronic headaches, insomnia, placenta expulsion, and anti-fertility. However, there is a deficiency of novel formulations of the extracts to maximize their therapeutic benefits. The phytochemicals in Ricinus communis are extracted via direct expression of the seed and solvent of both the seed and the different plant parts. Some solvents used for extraction include ethanol, petroleum ether, methanol, ethyl acetate, toluene, benzene, hexane, and chloroform. The constituents of the extracts depend on the plant part used, the solvent employed, and contact time. The phytochemicals found in the various extracts include tannins, saponins, phenols, alkaloids, glycosides, phytate, fatty acids, steroids, oxalate, and volatile constituents. These extracts are found to elicit a wide range of pharmacological activities against bacteria, fungi, cancer cells, worms, conception, constipation, pain, and malaria. In addition, some of the pharmacodynamic activities are laxative, uterine contraction, antiasthmatic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anticonvulsant. The extracts are also useful in bone regeneration, wound healing, liver protection, and a host of other pharmacological actions. Novel products of Ricinus communis are not available. Subjecting the extracts to advanced drug delivery formulations such as lipid-based drug delivery technologies would accentuate the dissolution, absorption, and bioavailability of the extracts of Ricinus communis just like other herbal formulations currently in the market. Therefore, there is a crucial need for formulation scientists to explore novel nano-drug delivery technology to formulate extracts into medicines for the improvement of public healthcare.
                       
Peer Review History:
Received: 19 August 2023; Revised: 21 September; Accepted: 24 October, Available online: 15 November 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, tamer_hassan@pharm.suez.edu.eg
Received file:                             Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Ali Jaber, Laboratory for Research and Development of Medicines and Natural Products, RDMPN, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon, ali.jaber.2@ul.edu.lb
Prof. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, alialkaf21@gmail.com
Russian-Belarusian Relations in the Modern Agenda
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Muzalevsky A.L.
Published: November 2023

Issues of the state and possible directions of development of Russian-Belarusian relations within the framework of the Union State are studied. The specificity of the challenges that are relevant for union building is analyzed. The content and dominants of the official discourse of Russia and Belarus on the issues of bilateral integration interaction are studied, taking into account the risks of political nature. The Union State is considered as a model of the most possible deep integration in the CIS space.
Феномен «умной силы» во внешней политике КНР в Азиатско-Тихоокеанском регионе
Authors:   Inner Mongolia Normal University, Yuihang  , Popov S.I. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia
Published: November 2023

The article reveals relevant aspects of China’s smart power policy applied to the Asia-Pacific region. Smart power is considered as a synthesis of soft and hard diplomatic strategies, which allows modern China to effectively achieve its foreign policy goals in the region. Problems of realization of “soft power” policy are noted, factors of counteraction to strengthening China’s foreign policy influence in the Asia-Pacific region are revealed.
Threat to Life and Health of Pedagogical Workers: Legal Aspects
Authors:   Saratov State Academy of Law, Ivanov A.A.
Published: November 2023

Issues related to risks in the labor activity of pedagogical workers are analyzed. From the point of view of the current legislation and practice of its application and existing approaches in science, the concept of threat to life and health of an employee is investigated, an authorial definition is proposed. In the context of the risks lying in the plane of pedagogical labor certain recommendations to contribute to the system of social and labor guarantees of pedagogical workers are proposed.
Artificial Intelligence: Development Stages and the Current State
Authors:   N.P. Ogarev Mordovian State University, Sinelshchikov A.V.
Published: November 2023

The main stages of the artificial intelligence technology development from ancient Greek times art perception to the present are considered.
Morphological and molecular identification of the freshwater crab, Barytelphusa cunicularis from Kanniyakumari, India
Authors:   Department of Zoology, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli -627 012, India, Teeni Janet Raj T.G. , Shyla Suganthi A. ,   Department of Zoology, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil-629 004, India, Tyni Joice Raj T.G. ,   Department of Zoology, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli -627 012, India, Anilkumar G. ,   School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632 014, India
Published: November 2023

Aim: The present study aims to assess the taxonomical identification of commercially important freshwater crab, Barytelphusa cunicularis from Kumba River, Kanniyakumari using morphological and molecular tools. Methodology: Samples of B. cunicularis were collected from Kumba River flowing in Kilamalai, Kanniyakumari district. The species identification was carried out through morphological keys constructed out of a coding matrix and phylogenetic tree (Maximum Parsimony) using Mesquite and PAUP4 software. 18S rRNA sequence was subjected to BLAST analysis, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed through Maximum Likelihood method using MEGA 11 software. Pairwise genetic distance of the species (p-distance,p = nd/n) was also assessed by comparing the K2P values involving phylogenetically close and distant relatives. Results: Coding matrix prepared using the morphological keys, raised out of 28 distinctive characteristics of B. cunicularis and comparison with its phylogenetic relatives, have brought in valuable information on status of the species. These findings were further established by Maximum Likelihood Analysis, using the PCR amplicons of 18S rRNA. The phylogram prepared out of the sequence clearly reveals the candidate species' phylogenetic proximity to other members of the genus Barytelphusa. Further, the species' monophyletic status (with a BS value of 81%) suggests its early divergence from its congeners. The K2P pairwise genetic 'p' distance analysis (p = nd/n) of the 18S rRNA has helped us not only to further ascertain the extent of its genetic identity with its congeners, but as well has clearly provided us with the valuable cues per precise identification of the species. Interpretation: Along with the morphological parameters, the present study, using molecular tools, provides valuable information for precise identification of the commercially important freshwater crab. Key words: Barytelphusa cunicularis, Crustacea, Freshwater crab, Gecarcinucidae, Phylogram, Taxonomy
http://jeb.co.in./journal_issues/202311_nov23/paper_12.pdf
Authors:   Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Mahendra Multiple Campus, Nepalganj, Banke-21900, Nepal, Nag P. , Rai H. ,   Lichenology Laboratory, Plant Diversity, Systematics and Herbarium Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, India, Upreti D.K. ,   Lichenology Laboratory, Plant Diversity, Systematics and Herbarium Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, India, Gupta R.K. ,   Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-210 05, India
Published: November 2023

Aim: The aim of this research was to identify a suitable lichen species as a bio-indicator for heavy metals in the Himalayan habitats. Methodology: The study was conducted in a sacred grove located in Western Nepal. The grove was situated alongside the busy Mahakali National highway. Lichen samples were collected from different areas of the grove, ranging from the edge adjacent to the highway to the center. Standard protocols were employed to identify the collected lichen species. The heavy metal content in the samples were analyzed by subjecting them to acid digestion followed by AAS estimation. Results: Three lichen species were discovered: Bulbothrix meizospora, Parmotrema tinctorum, and Pyxine berteriana. Pyxine berteriana was collected near the highway, while Bulbothrix meizospora and Parmotrema tinctorum were collected away from it. The heavy metal bioaccumulation pattern observed was as follows: Fe>Al>Mg>Zn>Cu>Pb>Mn>Ni>Cd>Cr. Notably, Pyxine berteriana exhibited the highest metal concentrations among the three species. Interpretation: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the Physcioid lichen Pyxine berteriana is the most resilient species in the region and can serve as an appropriate bio-indicator for studying the deposition of heavy metals in the ambient air. Key words: Physcioid lichens, Pyxine berteriana, Parmotrema tinctorum, Lichens, Sacred Grove
Characterization of chemical composition of ethanolic extract of bee pollen in India
Authors:   UIBT-Biosciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali-140 413, India, Khakhlary D. , Rana A. ,   UIBT-Biosciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali-140 413, India
Published: November 2023

Aim: Bee pollen is a mixture of pollen/male gametophyte of flowers, nectar/sweet liquid substance from flowers and salivary secretions of bees. It comprises a huge diversity of compounds which are thought to work together for medicinal purpose. The present study was undertaken to assess the bioactive components of bee pollens responsible for therapeutic properties. Methodology: The volatile chemicals compounds found in ethanolic extracts of Apis mellifera pollen were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: The observations revealed the presence of hydrocarbons, sugars and their derivatives, fatty acids, glycosides, alcohol, esters, aldehyde and carbamate. Interpretation: Present findings authenticate huge chemical diversity and hence, further study on pollens is required due to its broad spectrum of potential medicinal and nutritional activities. Key words: G-C mass spectrometry, Bee pollen, Bioactive compounds
Breamy: An augmented reality mHealth prototype for surgical decision-making in breast cancer
Authors: Najafi Niki , Addie Miranda , Meterissian Sarkis , Kersten-Oertel Marta
Published: November 2023

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer, affecting
approximately 1 in 8 women during their lifetime. Deciding on breast
cancer treatment, which includes the choice between surgical options,
frequently demands prompt decision-making within an 8-week timeframe.
However, many women lack the necessary knowledge and preparation for
making informed decisions. Anxiety and unsatisfactory outcomes can
result from inadequate decision-making processes, leading to decisional
regret and revision surgeries. Shared decision-making and personalized
decision aids have shown positive effects on patient satisfaction and
treatment outcomes. We introduce Breamy, a prototype mobile health
application that utilizes augmented reality (AR) technology to assist
breast cancer patients in making more informed decisions. Breamy
provides 3D visualizations of different surgical procedures, aiming to
improve confidence in surgical decision-making, reduce decisional
regret, and enhance patient well-being after surgery. To determine the
perception of the usefulness of Breamy, we collected data from 166
participants through an online survey. The results suggest that Breamy
has the potential to reduce patients’ anxiety levels and assist them in
decision-making.
Non-coding RNAs to treat vascular smooth cell dysfunction
Authors: Brown Simon , Klimi Eftychia , Bakker Wilfried , Beqqali Abdelaziz , Baker Andrew
Published: November 2023

Vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) dysfunction is a critical contributor
to cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, restenosis, and
vein graft failure. Recent advances have unveiled a fascinating breadth
of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play a pivotal role in regulating vSMC
function. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the
mechanisms underlying vSMC dysfunction and the therapeutic potential of
various ncRNAs in mitigating this dysfunction, either preventing or
reversing it. We explore the intricate interplay of microRNAs,
long-non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs, shedding light on their roles in
regulating key signalling pathways associated with vSMC dysfunction.
Moreover, we discuss the prospects and challenges associated with
developing ncRNA based therapies for this prevalent cardiovascular
pathology.
The effect of livestock grazing on plant diversity and productivity of mountainous grasslands in South America - a meta-analysis
Authors: Calderón Ana Patricia Sandoval , Echazarra Nerea Rubio- , Kuijk Marijke van , Verweij Pita , Soons Merel , Hautier Yann
Published: November 2023

Mountainous grasslands in South America represent highly diverse
ecosystems that offer a broad spectrum of benefits to people. These
include the regulation and purification of water, prevention of soil
erosion, provision of livestock feed, and preservation of cultural
heritage. Previous research has underscored the significant role of
grazing in shaping the diversity and productivity of grassland
ecosystems, particularly in highly productive, eutrophic systems. In
such systems, grazing has been demonstrated to restore grassland plant
diversity by reducing primary productivity. However, it remains unclear
whether these findings are applicable to South American mountainous
grasslands, where plants are adapted to different environmental
conditions. To address this gap, we conducted a meta-analysis of
experiments that excluded livestock grazing. The goal was to quantify
the impact of grazing exclusion on plant diversity and productivity
across mountainous grasslands in South America. Our findings, akin to
studies conducted in temperate grasslands, revealed that herbivore
exclusion led to an increase in aboveground biomass. Nevertheless, it
also resulted in a reduction in species richness and Shannon diversity.
Interestingly, the effects of grazing exclusion became more pronounced
with longer exclusion durations, yet remained robust to various climatic
conditions, including mean annual precipitation and mean annual
temperature, as well as the evolutionary history of grazing. In contrast
to results observed in temperate grasslands, the reduction in species
richness due to herbivore exclusion was not correlated with increased
aboveground biomass. This suggests that the processes regulating
(sub)tropical grassland plant diversity may differ from those in
temperate grasslands. Further research is imperative to better
comprehend the specific factors influencing plant diversity and
productivity in South American montane grasslands and to discern the
ecological implications of herbivore exclusion in these unique
ecosystems..
The TikTok of Teaching: The Pedagogical Possibilities of Collaborative Digital Ethnography
Authors: Liber Elena , Yogarajah Yathukulan
Published: November 2023

Working collaboratively with students, lecturers, and others, to conduct digital ethnography enriches the ethnographies produced, expands pedagogical possibilities, and allows us to rethink how we teach and do research in anthropology. This Special Issue is an output of such a collaborative attempt. In this Editorial we introduce the TikTok Ethnography Collective and the collaborative mode of research and learning we established in September 2020. The articles we have collated demonstrate that collaborative ethnographic methods are the ideal tool for researching algorithmically shaped digital spaces. But more than this, by sharing our collective experience, we make the case for incorporating collaborative methods into anthropological teaching and learning in order to disrupt traditional, hierarchical models of education and research. We propose that inclusion of students in the research process is imperative for facilitating a safe, creative sandbox environment that allows staff and students to explore and formulate theories and reflections somewhat liberated from the expectations around who should and should not be the expert. We invite readers to join us in considering the broader implications of embracing collaborative research and teaching methods.
Observing Uno: Practicing participant observation through a card game
Authors: Supper Alexandra
Published: November 2023

In this article, I want to share and reflect upon a classroom activity that I have developed to practice participant observation skills with undergraduate students: a modified version of the card game Uno, in which some students are cast as players, while others slip into the role of observers. I have found this to be a playful but effective way of creating a shared understanding of what it takes to do participant observation research. After sketching out the aims of the exercise and describing how it practiced in our class, I will reflect on some take-away lessons and adaptations.
Formação de Professores em Avaliação Educacional
Authors: Garcia Paulo Sergio , Mielo Eclerson Pio , Wandercil Marco
Published: November 2023

Com ênfase na compreensão de um dos elementos do ensino de avaliação, neste estudo será o que se organizou nas Licenciaturas de Pedagogia, localizados na região do Grande ABC, para ser ensinado aos futuros professores. A pesquisa fundamentou-se na metodologia qualitativa, com a análise de matrizes curriculares, ementas e entrevistas com coordenadores dos cursos. Os resultados revelaram que, apesar de haver um certo avanço com o surgimento de disciplinas de avaliação nas matrizes curriculares dos cursos de Pedagogia, é evidente e preocupante a natureza superficial, fragmentada e simplificada das ementas analisadas dessas disciplinas, que servem como rota para a formação de professores. Foi destacado que uma das formas de construir uma formação sólida, e tão discutida para professores, especialmente em relação à competência avaliadora, no ensino de avaliação, seria iniciar com uma análise e discussão crítica da ementa do curso, considerando sua organização e interpretação à luz da legislação.
What Does the Auditor Say? Auditors’ Disclosures of Critical Audit Matters and Audit Fees
Authors: Chen Jeff Zeyun , Nelson Karen K. , Wang Yanyan , Yu Lisheng
Published: November 2023

SYNOPSIS

We examine whether critical audit matter (CAM) disclosures contain information about material misstatement risks that is priced in audit fees. We find that textual features of auditors’ risk descriptions and the types of risks identified capture fee-relevant information. Further, the results are incremental to other determinants of audit fees considered in prior research and to managements’ disclosures in the related notes to the financial statements. Overall, we provide evidence that auditors’ perceptions of audit risks revealed in the newly expanded audit opinion capture information relevant for understanding audit pricing decisions.

Data Availability: All data are publicly available from the sources identified in the paper.

JEL Classifications: M41; M42; M48.
Kekerabatan Bahasa Jawa, Sunda, dan Melayu Betawi
Authors:   Program Studi Magister Linguistik, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Ramadhayani Nanda , Widayati Dwi ,   Program Studi Magister Linguistik, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Dardanila Dardanila ,   Program Studi Magister Linguistik, Universitas Sumatera Utara
Published: November 2023

By examining the percentage of kinship and the time that has passed since the three languages separated, this study seeks to investigate the relationship between Javanese, Sundanese, and Betawi Malay. The speaking and listening approach (interview), along with note-taking and recording strategies, is the method utilized to collect data. The grouping method combined with lexicostatistics and glotochronology techniques is used in data analysis. Both formal and informal methods are used to present the data analysis results. The study's findings demonstrate that the three languages are related to one another and share a protolanguage. Sundanese and Betawi Malay are related to Javanese by 94%, Javanese and Betawi Malay by 58%, and Javanese and Sundanese by 36%. In light of the study's findings, it was determined that: Sundanese and Betawi Malay have language status, whereas Javanese and Sundanese belong to the same language family, according to research findings on the linguistic relationships between Sundanese, Javanese, and Betawi Malay. As a result, it can be assumed that although Javanese and Sundanese belong to different groups, Betawi Malay and Sundanese belong to the same group. Keyword: Relationship, Javanese, Sundanese, Betawi Malay
SINERGI PERGURUAN TINGGI DAN CSR-BNI46 DALAM PEMBANGUNAN SARANA DISTRIBUSI AIR BERSIH SISTEM BATU-PRES-TANAH BERTAUTAN YANG MELIBATKAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: LAURENTIA SUSILAWATI CICILIA , Tyas Indah Wahyuning , Purwantini
Published: November 2023

Air bersih merupakan kebutuhan utama bagi kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat. Sinergi perguruan tinggi dan CSR-BNI46 terwujud dalam bentuk kerjasama antara CSR BNI46 dengan Pusat Studi SDA-LPPM-UNIFLOR untuk melaksanakan pembangunan sarana distribusi air bersih yang menerapkan sistem batu pres-tanah bertautan dengan melibatkan masyarakat, baik sejak perancangan maupun pelaksanaan konstruksinya. Keterlibatan masyarakat dalam rancangan dilakukan melalui diskusi dan arahan berupa: informasi sumber-sumber air yang ada, harapan, dan usulan sarana distribusi, terkait lokasi, maupun kapasitasnya. Rancangan yang telah disepakati dan disosialisasikan termasuk rencana anggaran biaya dan keterlibatan kelompok masyarakat dalam produksi batu pres-tanah bertautan, yang akhirnya dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut menjadi usaha kecil masyarakat. Pelaksanaan konstruksi didukung oleh tim teknis yang juga melibatkan masyarakat dalam menyusun batu menjadi konstruksi bak reservoir yang diharapkan. Pemasangan jaringan pipa dari sumber air menuju bak-bak distribusi dilakukan oleh masyarakat dengan diberikan kompensasi biaya pemasangan. Akhirnya, tujuan kerjasama untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan masyarakat dalam proses pembangunan sarana distribusi air bersih warga, sehingga setelah program tersebut selesai, maka masyarakat secara berkelanjutan dapat menggunakan dan merawat sarana tersebut secara swakelola dapat tercapai. Bahkan tujuan tambahan dari kegiatan untuk pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pembangunan desa dan meningkatkan ekonomi desa dalam usaha kecil membuat batu pres-tanah bertautan, sebagai bahan material bangunan, juga tercapai.
PENYULUHAN MANAJEMEN USAHA BAGI PENGURUS DAN ANGGOTA KOPERASI DI DESA LONTAR KECAMATAN TIRTAYASA KABUPATEN SERANG, BANTEN
Authors: Aryani Lina , Desmintari Desmintari
Published: November 2023

Community service is carried out at the cooperative in Lontar village, Serang district, Banten province. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide an introduction to business management for cooperative members in Lontar village, Serang district. The introduction of business management is expected to be able to improve the competence of managers and members, especially in carrying out business management functions, from marketing, finance and human resources. The method of this activity is an introduction to the concept of business management and its role in building competitive advantage. Managers and members are given an understanding of the functions of business management, in order to improve the capabilities of the board and members. Community service activities are carried out using the face-to-face method. Activities are carried out by lecturing on the concepts of business management functions and their application in cooperatives.