bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Simple, Low-Cost Platform for Real-Time Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification
Authors: Craw Pascal , Mackay Ruth , Naveenathayalan Angel , Hudson Chris , Branavan Manoharanehru , Sadiq S. , Balachandran Wamadeva
Published: September 2015

Advances in microfluidics and the introduction of isothermal nucleic acid amplification assays have resulted in a range of solutions for nucleic acid amplification tests suited for point of care and field use. However, miniaturisation of instrumentation for such assays has not seen such rapid advances and fluorescence based assays still depend on complex, bulky and expensive optics such as fluorescence microscopes, photomultiplier tubes and sensitive lens assemblies. In this work we demonstrate a robust, low cost platform for isothermal nucleic acid amplification on a microfluidic device. Using easily obtainable materials and commercial off-the-shelf components, we show real time fluorescence detection using a low cost photodiode and operational amplifier without need for lenses. Temperature regulation on the device is achieved using a heater fabricated with standard printed circuit board fabrication methods. These facile construction methods allow fabrications at a cost compatible with widespread deployment to resource poor settings.
Kullback-Leibler Divergence-Based Differential Evolution Markov Chain Filter for Global Localization of Mobile Robots
Authors: Martín Fernando , Moreno Luis , Garrido Santiago , Blanco Dolores
Published: September 2015

One of the most important skills desired for a mobile robot is the ability to obtain its own location even in challenging environments. The information provided by the sensing system is used here to solve the global localization problem. In our previous work, we designed different algorithms founded on evolutionary strategies in order to solve the aforementioned task. The latest developments are presented in this paper. The engine of the localization module is a combination of the Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling technique and the Differential Evolution method, which results in a particle filter based on the minimization of a fitness function. The robot’s pose is estimated from a set of possible locations weighted by a cost value. The measurements of the perceptive sensors are used together with the predicted ones in a known map to define a cost function to optimize. Although most localization methods rely on quadratic fitness functions, the sensed information is processed asymmetrically in this filter. The Kullback-Leibler divergence is the basis of a cost function that makes it possible to deal with different types of occlusions. The algorithm performance has been checked in a real map. The results are excellent in environments with dynamic and unmodeled obstacles, a fact that causes occlusions in the sensing area.
A Robust Wireless Sensor Network Localization Algorithm in Mixed LOS/NLOS Scenario
Authors: Li Bing , Cui Wei , Wang Bin
Published: September 2015

Localization algorithms based on received signal strength indication (RSSI) are widely used in the field of target localization due to its advantages of convenient application and independent from hardware devices. Unfortunately, the RSSI values are susceptible to fluctuate under the influence of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) in indoor space. Existing algorithms often produce unreliable estimated distances, leading to low accuracy and low effectiveness in indoor target localization. Moreover, these approaches require extra prior knowledge about the propagation model. As such, we focus on the problem of localization in mixed LOS/NLOS scenario and propose a novel localization algorithm: Gaussian mixed model based non-metric Multidimensional (GMDS). In GMDS, the RSSI is estimated using a Gaussian mixed model (GMM). The dissimilarity matrix is built to generate relative coordinates of nodes by a multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) approach. Finally, based on the anchor nodes’ actual coordinates and target’s relative coordinates, the target’s actual coordinates can be computed via coordinate transformation. Our algorithm could perform localization estimation well without being provided with prior knowledge. The experimental verification shows that GMDS effectively reduces NLOS error and is of higher accuracy in indoor mixed LOS/NLOS localization and still remains effective when we extend single NLOS to multiple NLOS.
Effect of Composting Parameters on the Power Performance of Solid Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Wang Chin-Tsan , Lee Yao-Cheng , Liao Fan-Ying
Published: September 2015

Nowadays, solid organic waste is of major environmental concern and is reaching critical levels worldwide. Currently, a form of natural decomposition, known as composting technology, is widely used to deal with organic waste. This method is applied to enhance the performance of solid microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) in this study. Operational composting parameters (carbon/nitrogen ratio, moisture content and pH value) are investigated to explore the optimal power performance of solid microbial fuel cells (SMFCs). Results indicate that the carbon/nitrogen ratio and the moisture content displayed the most significant impact on SMFCs. When the carbon/nitrogen ratio is 31.4 and moisture content is 60%, along with a pH value of 6–8, a better SMFC power performance would be obtained. These findings would provide positive information regarding the application of compost in SMFCs.
Improvement of Air Quality and Thermal Environment in an Old City District by Constructing Wind Passages
Authors: Peng Chong , Li Chu , Zou Zuyu , Shen Suwan , Sun Dongqi
Published: September 2015

A case study in an old city district with hot-humid climatic conditions in Wuhan, China was conducted to explore the potential renewal strategies favorable to the local residents and pedestrians. For this purpose, a comprehensive mathematical model considering the parameters such as ambient crosswind, solar radiation, natural convection, and a previously established heat transfer mechanism was employed to analyze the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of the study area. In addition, in the urban renewal process, five alternative renewal strategies, namely, Central Demolition (CD) Plan, Edge Demolition (ED) Plan, Wedge Shape Demolition (WSD) Plan, “L” Shape Demolition (LSD) Plan, and Cross Shape Demolition (CSD) Plan, were adopted to improve the thermal and ventilation environment of Wuhan old city district. Through simulation analysis, the temperature and velocity distributions of the original urban layout and five alternative renewal strategies were compared. It is found that the construction of an air passage within the old city district can improve the local air quality, air ventilation, and thermal environment to some extent. Among the five alternative strategies to construct air passages, CSD Plan is much better than the others. Accordingly, corresponding suggestions and strategies for urban renewal were presented.
Detection of N-(1-deoxy-d-fructos-1-yl) Fumonisins B2 and B3 in Corn by High-Resolution LC-Orbitrap MS
Authors: Matsuo Yosuke , Takahara Kentaro , Sago Yuki , Kushiro Masayo , Nagashima Hitoshi , Nakagawa Hiroyuki
Published: September 2015

The existence of glucose conjugates of fumonisin B2 (FB2) and fumonisin B3 (FB3) in corn powder was confirmed for the first time. These “bound-fumonisins” (FB2 and FB3 bound to glucose) were identified as N-(1-deoxy-d-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B2 (NDfrc-FB2) and N-(1-deoxy-d-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B3 (NDfrc-FB3) respectively, based on the accurate mass measurements of characteristic ions and fragmentation patterns using high-resolution liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC-Orbitrap MS) analysis. Treatment on NDfrc-FB2 and NDfrc-FB3 with the o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) reagent also supported that d-glucose binding to FB2 and FB3 molecules occurred to their primary amine residues.
Alterations of Nuclear Architecture and Epigenetic Signatures during African Swine Fever Virus Infection
Authors: Simões Margarida , Rino José , Pinheiro Inês , Martins Carlos , Ferreira Fernando
Published: September 2015

Viral interactions with host nucleus have been thoroughly studied, clarifying molecular mechanisms and providing new antiviral targets. Considering that African swine fever virus (ASFV) intranuclear phase of infection is poorly understood, viral interplay with subnuclear domains and chromatin architecture were addressed. Nuclear speckles, Cajal bodies, and promyelocytic leukaemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) were evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blot. Further, efficient PML protein knockdown by shRNA lentiviral transduction was used to determine PML-NBs relevance during infection. Nuclear distribution of different histone H3 methylation marks at lysine’s 9, 27 and 36, heterochromatin protein 1 isoforms (HP1α, HPβ and HPγ) and several histone deacetylases (HDACs) were also evaluated to assess chromatin status of the host. Our results reveal morphological disruption of all studied subnuclear domains and severe reduction of viral progeny in PML-knockdown cells. ASFV promotes H3K9me3 and HP1β foci formation from early infection, followed by HP1α and HDAC2 nuclear enrichment, suggesting heterochromatinization of host genome. Finally, closeness between DNA damage response factors, disrupted PML-NBs, and virus-induced heterochromatic regions were identified. In sum, our results demonstrate that ASFV orchestrates spatio-temporal nuclear rearrangements, changing subnuclear domains, relocating Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Rad-3 related (ATR)-related factors and promoting heterochromatinization, probably controlling transcription, repressing host gene expression, and favouring viral replication.
Jan van der Noordaa (1934–2015); A Virologist Pur Sang
Authors: Berkhout Ben , Bukrinsky Michael
Published: September 2015

Our loyal friend and colleague, Jan van der Noordaa, passed away unexpectedly at the age of 80 on the evening of 17 June 2015. [...]
Water Quality of Four Major Lakes in Mississippi, USA: Impacts on Human and Aquatic Ecosystem Health
Authors: Dash Padmanava , Silwal Saurav , Ikenga Julius , Pinckney James , Arslan Zikri , Lizotte Richard
Published: September 2015

Harmful algal blooms (HABs), harmful microorganisms (pathogens) and toxic metals represent three major agents of water quality deterioration. Water quality of three northern lakes (Sardis, Enid, and Grenada) and a central lake (Ross Barnett Reservoir) of Mississippi, USA were examined in this study. While all these lakes are heavily used for recreational purposes, the Ross Barnett Reservoir serves additionally as the primary water supply for the City of Jackson, the capital city of Mississippi. The main goal of this study was to comprehensively assess the water quality of these lakes employing field and satellite data, and evaluate the potential human and aquatic health impacts. A time-series of true color images derived from satellite data indicated that algal blooms have been a recurring phenomenon in these lakes. Cyanobacteria, the algal group that predominantly occur in freshwater and form toxic blooms, were always present in these lakes and were most abundant on many occasions. The most toxic cyanotoxin, microcystin-LR, was found in all lakes, and its concentrations exceeded federal drinking water guidelines for children under six years of age many times. Potential bioaccumulation and biomagnification of microcystin-LR may pose serious risk to the aquatic ecosystem and human health including adults. Nutrient measurements indicated that all four lakes were eutrophic. Among bacterial populations, total coliforms and enterococci exceeded guideline values on several occasions. Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead were found in the water of all the lakes, with arsenic exceeding the guideline values at two sites in Ross Barnett Reservoir. While it is apparent from this study that these lakes face many water quality issues, data across all seasons will be required to document potential trends and to devise management strategies. Use of remote sensing technology is recommended to monitor some of the water quality parameters such as suspended particulate matter and algal blooms, especially cyanobacterial blooms.
Making the most of mobility: virtual mentoring and education practitioner professional development
Authors: Owen Hazel D.
Published: September 2015

Learning provision, including professional learning, needs to embrace mobility (of knowledge, cultures and contexts – physical and cerebral) to enable education practitioners to interact locally and globally, engage with new literacies, access rich contexts, and to question, co-construct and collaborate. Virtual mentoring, also known as distance, remote, tele-, cyber- and eMentoring, offers a level of flexibility that enables mentors and mentees to maximise these concepts of mobility. There are Professional Learning and Development (PLD) initiatives that offer contextualised, individualised learning experiences via mentoring partnerships and Communities of Practice (CoPs), but not so many that have focussed on virtual mentoring and online CoPs. This article describes a Virtual PLD programme that has been offered in Aotearoa New Zealand from 2009 to date and discusses findings from the associated research study, including benefits that can be specifically equated to the virtual nature of the mentoring and access to the online CoP. Also reported are shifts in mentees’ self-efficacy and perceptions of changes in professional practice.Keywords: online communities; professional development; coaching(Published: 16 September 2015)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2015, 23: 25566 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v23.25566
Bud‐bank and tiller dynamics of co‐occurring C3 caespitose grasses in mixed‐grass prairie
Authors: Ott Jacqueline P. , Hartnett David C.
Published: September 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Tiller recruitment from the belowground bud bank of caespitose grasses influences their ability to monopolize local resources and, hence, their genet fitness. Differences in bud production and outgrowth among tiller types within a genet and among species may explain co‐occurrence of caespitose grasses. This study aimed to characterize genet bud‐bank and tiller production and dynamics in two co‐occurring species and compare their vegetative reproductive strategies.

METHODS:

Bud‐bank and tiller dynamics of Hesperostipa comata and Nassella viridula, dominant C3 caespitose grasses in the northern mixed‐grass prairie of North America, were assessed throughout an annual cycle.

KEY RESULTS:

The two species showed similar strategies, maintaining polycyclic tillers and thus creating mixed‐age genet bud banks comprising multiple bud cohorts produced in different years. Vegetative tillers produced the majority of buds, whereas flowering tillers contributed little to the bud bank. Buds lived for at least 2 yr and were maintained in multiple developmental stages throughout the year. Because bud longevity rarely exceeded tiller longevity, tiller longevity drove turnover within the bud bank. Tiller population dynamics, more than bud production per tiller, determined the differential contribution of tiller types to the bud bank. Nassella viridula had higher bud production per tiller, a consistent annual tiller recruitment density, and greater longevity of buds on senesced and flowering tillers than H. comata.

CONCLUSIONS:

Co‐occurring C3 caespitose grasses had similar bud‐bank and tiller dynamics contributing to genet persistence but differed in bud characteristics that could affect genet longevity and species coexistence.
Contrasting responses to water‐deficit among Encelia canescens populations distributed along an aridity gradient
Authors: Carvajal Danny E. , Loayza Andrea P. , Squeo Francisco A.
Published: September 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Drought is the most limiting factor for plant growth and recruitment in arid environments. For widespread species, however, plant responses to drought can vary across populations because environmental conditions can vary along the range of the species. Here, we assessed whether plants of Encelia canescens from different populations along an aridity gradient in the Atacama Desert respond differently to water‐deficit conditions.

METHODS:

We conducted a common‐garden experiment using plants grown from seeds from three populations distributed along an aridity gradient to test for differences in relative growth rate (RGR), biomass, root to shoot ratios, and photosynthesis between watered and water‐deficit plants. Additionally, we examined the relationship between root to shoot ratios with RGR and total plant biomass along the gradient.

KEY RESULTS:

Water deficit affected root to shoot ratios, biomass, and RGR, but not photosynthesis. Populations varied in RGR and biomass; plants from the most arid population had higher RGRs, but lower biomass than those from the least arid population. In watered conditions, root to shoot ratios did not vary with RGR or biomass. Conversely, with the water deficit, root to shoot ratios were negatively and positively related to biomass and RGR, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Response to water deficit differed among E. canescens populations; plants from the lowest rainfall environment adjusted root to shoot ratios, which may have allowed for equal biomass production across treatments. In contrast, plants from the wettest population did not adjust root to shoot ratios, but were reduced in biomass. These morphological and physiological changes to water availability showed that populations can use different strategies to cope with water deficit.
Phylogeny and photosynthesis of the grass tribe Paniceae
Authors: Washburn Jacob D. , Schnable James C. , Davidse Gerrit , Pires J. Chris
Published: September 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

The grass tribe Paniceae includes important food, forage, and bioenergy crops such as switchgrass, napiergrass, various millet species, and economically important weeds. Paniceae are also valuable for answering scientific and evolutionary questions about C4 photosynthetic evolution, drought tolerance, and spikelet variation. However, the phylogeny of the tribe remains incompletely resolved.

METHODS:

Forty‐five taxa were selected from across the tribe Paniceae and outgroups for genome survey sequencing (GSS). These data were used to build a phylogenetic tree of the Paniceae based on 102 markers (78 chloroplast, 22 mitochondrial, 2 nrDNA). Ancestral state reconstruction analyses were also performed within the Paniceae using both the traditional and two subtype classification systems to test hypotheses of C4 subtype evolution.

KEY RESULTS:

The phylogenetic tree resolves many areas of the Paniceae with high support and provides insight into the origin and number of C4 evolution events within the tribe. The recovered phylogeny and ancestral state reconstructions support between four and seven independent origins of C4 photosynthesis within the tribe and indicate which species are potentially the closest C3 sister taxa of each of these events.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although the sequence of evolutionary events that produced multiple C4 subtypes within the Paniceae remains undetermined, the results presented here are consistent with only a subset of currently proposed models. The species used in this study constitute a panel of C3 and C4 grasses that are suitable for further studies on C4 photosynthesis, bioenergy, food and forage crops, and various developmental features of the Paniceae.
Sensitivity of three tree ferns during their first phase of life to the variation of solar radiation and water availability in a Mexican cloud forest
Authors: Riaño Karolina , Briones Oscar
Published: September 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Regeneration niche differentiation promotes species coexistence and diversity; however, the ecological implications for the initial life phases of the majority of pteridophytes are unknown. We analyzed the sensitivity of gametophytes and juvenile sporophytes of the tree ferns Alsophila firma, Cyathea divergens, and Lophosoria quadripinnata to variation in light and water availability.

METHODS:

We evaluated gametophyte desiccation tolerance using saturated salt solutions and gametophyte solar radiation tolerance by direct exposure. We also transplanted juvenile sporophytes in environments with 7% and 23% canopy openness and two watering levels.

KEY RESULTS:

The response of photosynthetic efficiency and water content suggest that the gametophytes of the three species require high relative humidity, tolerate direct solar radiation for up to 30 min and that the response is not species‐dependent. Sporophyte size and gas exchange were greater in the more open site, but decreased watering had a lesser effect on these variables in the more closed site. Relative growth rate correlated with the net assimilation rate and leaf weight ratio. Juvenile sporophytes of A. firma were more shade tolerant, while those of C. divergens and L. quadripinnata acclimatized to both environments.

CONCLUSIONS:

Specialization to humid habitats in the tree fern gametophyte restricts the species to humid forests, while differences in the plasticity of the sporophyte facilitate coexistence of the species.
Development and characterization of 11 microsatellite primers for the sedgeTrichophorum planifolium(Cyperaceae)
Authors: Nowell Victoria J. , Wang Song , Smith Tyler W.
Published: September 2015

Premise of the study:

Microsatellite loci were developed forTrichophorum planifolium(Cyperaceae), an endangered woodland sedge protected under federal and provincial legislation in Canada, to explore patterns of population genetic diversity and differentiation in the species.

Methods and Results:

Sixty‐three primer pairs were evaluated for amplification consistency and screened for polymorphisms in 96 samples collected from 12 populations ofT. planifoliumdistributed through the range of the species. Of these, 11 loci were shown to be polymorphic, displaying two to six alleles. Mean observed heterozygosity across loci ranged from 0.00 to 0.06 among populations tested.

Conclusions:

The results suggest that the 11 primer pairs developed in this study will be useful for future studies of broad‐scale genetic variation inT. planifoliumand in guiding management protocols for the species in Canada.
Success of Urgent-Start Peritoneal Dialysis in a Large Canadian Renal Program
Authors: Alkatheeri Ali M.A. , Blake Peter G. , Gray Daryl , Jain Arsh K.
Published: September 2015

Background

Many patients start renal replacement therapy urgently on in-center hemodialysis via a central venous catheter, which is considered suboptimal. An alternative approach to manage these patients is to start them on peritoneal dialysis (PD). In this report, we describe the first reported Canadian experience with an urgent-start PD program. Additionally we reviewed the literature in this area.

Methods

In this prospective observational study, we report on our experience in a single academic center. This program started in July 2010. We included patients who initiated PD urgently, that is within 2 weeks of catheter insertion. We followed all incident PD patients until October 2013 for mechanical and infectious complications. Peritoneal dialysis catheters were inserted either percutaneously or laparoscopically and dialysis was initiated in either an inpatient or outpatient setting.

Results

Thirty patients were started on urgent PD during our study period. Follow-up ranged from 28 to 1,050 days. Twenty insertions (66.7 %) were done percutaneously and 10 (33.3%) were laparoscopic. Dialysis was initiated within 2 weeks (range: 0 – 13 days, median = 6 days). Twenty-four patients (80%) started PD in an outpatient setting and 6 patients (20%) required immediate inpatient PD start. Three patients (10%) developed a minor peri-catheter leak during the first week of training that was managed conservatively. There were no episodes of peritonitis or exit-site/tunnel infection during the first 4 weeks post-insertion. Four patients (13.3 %) from the percutaneous insertion group and 2 patients (6.7%) from laparoscopic insertions developed catheter dysfunction due to migration, which was managed by repositioning, without need for catheter replacement or modality switch.

Conclusions

Our results are consistent with other studies in this area and demonstrate that urgent-start PD is an acceptable and safe alternative to hemodialysis in patients who need to start dialysis urgently without established dialysis access.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Patients Treated with Biologics
Authors: Barthel Deborah , Ganser Gerd , Kuester Rolf-Michael , Onken Nils , Minden Kirsten , Girschick Hermann Josef , Hospach Anton , Horneff Gerd
Published: September 2015

Objective.

Evolving inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a matter of interest in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and might be associated with JIA therapy.

Methods.

Data from the German biologics registry (Biologika in der Kinderrheumatologie; BiKeR) from 2001 to 2013 were analyzed.

Results.

There were 3071 patients with 8389 patient-years (PY) of observation followed. IBD was diagnosed in 11 patients, 8 with Crohn disease and 3 with ulcerative colitis. IBD incidence in patients with JIA was 1.31/1000 PY and higher than published IBD incidences in pediatric populations. Compared with the total BiKeR cohort, patients with IBD more commonly had enthesitis-related arthritis, extended oligoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and also rheumatoid factor (RF)-negative polyarthritis. No IBD occurred in patients with systemic JIA or RF-positive polyarthritis. In patients treated with methotrexate (MTX), the IBD incidence was significantly lower compared with patients not treated with MTX. Etanercept (ETN) monotherapy, but not the combination of ETN and MTX, was associated with an increased incidence of IBD.

Conclusion.

Incidence of IBD in patients with JIA is higher than in the population. MTX turned out to be protective, even in combination with ETN.
Comparison of Lupus Nephritis Induction Treatments in a Hispanic Population: A Single-center Cohort Analysis
Authors: Mejía-Vilet Juan Manuel , Arreola-Guerra José Manuel , Córdova-Sánchez Bertha M. , Morales-Buenrostro Luis Eduardo , Uribe-Uribe Norma O. , Correa-Rotter Ricardo
Published: September 2015

Objective.

To evaluate response rates in an adult lupus nephritis (LN) cohort in Mexico City, Mexico.

Methods.

We analyzed 165 patients with biopsy-proven LN histological International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society classes III, IV, or V, distributed by treatment drug in 3 groups: mycophenolate mofetil (MMF; dosage > 2 g/day per 6 mos, n = 63), intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVC; 0.7 g/m2 body surface area monthly per 6 pulses, n = 66), or azathioprine (AZA; dosage > 1.5 mg/kg/day per 6 mos, n = 36). Median followup was 31 ± 18 months. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving complete renal response (CR). Secondary endpoints included the proportion of patients achieving renal response (complete or partial), renal flare–free survival, doubling of serum creatinine, and progression to endstage renal disease (ESRD).

Results.

MMF induction was superior to IVC (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.23–3.25, p = 0.005) and AZA (HR 2.12, 95% CI 1.23–3.66, p = 0.007) in the primary endpoint. Censored CR rates at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months were 32.6%, 56.1%, 76.6%, and 94.1% for MMF; 24.2%, 34.4%, 57.9%, and 62.1% for IVC; and 8.4%, 39.8%, 49.7%, and 49.7% for AZA. MMF was also superior in renal response to treatment and renal flare–free survival outcomes. There were no differences between groups in doubling of serum creatinine or progression to ESRD. The induction treatment with MMF (HR 2.04, 95% CI 1.25–3.33, p = 0.005) and absence of vascular lesions on renal biopsy (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.25–3.37, p = 0.004) were associated with CR, whereas proteinuria at the time of presentation was negatively associated with CR (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.98, p = 0.013).

Conclusion.

MMF induction therapy is superior to IVC and AZA in patients with LN of Mexican-mestizo race.
Mythologie de l’urbain diffus
Authors: Berque Augustin
Published: September 2015

L’article établit la généalogie des mythes qui, en Orient comme en Occident, ont conduit à l’idéalisation de la maison individuelle au plus près de la nature, et ainsi engendré une forme d’habitat insoutenable – non durable écologiquement et injustifiable moralement – : l’urbain diffus.
Habiter Cheonggyecheon : l’exception ordinaire
Authors: Lévy Jacques
Published: September 2015

Que peut bien nous dire un lieu rencontré par hasard et parcouru comme le ferait n’importe quel habitant, permanent ou éphémère ? Cheongggyecheon, une petite rivière naguère transformée en égout et surmontée d’un viaduc autoroutier et devenue en 2005 en un des espaces publics les plus populaires de Séoul, mérite d'être observé comme une opération d’urbanisme caractéristique des nouvelles manières de produire de l’urbanité. Cet urbanisme d’acteurs – et non plus d’auteurs – est mondial mais, en chaque lieu de son action, sa singularité s’impose. Il vise à rendre compatible la liberté des acteurs et la valorisation des environnements, les spatialités et les espaces. Il constitue une expression forte des enjeux de l’habiter, qui apparaît à travers cet exemple et les pratiques de l’urbanisme comme un concept central de la géographicité contemporaine.
L’expérience de l’habitation
Authors: Lussault Michel
Published: September 2015

Cet article propose une lecture de l’habitation (considérée comme l’action d’habiter) à partir du concept d’expérience. Celui-ci, considéré de manière globale, recouvre l’ensemble des interactions entre l’individu agissant et le monde. La spatialité constitue alors la dimension spatiale de cette expérience en même temps que le vecteur de la construction, au quotidien, de l’habitat — c’est-à-dire l’ensemble des espaces-temps de vie propre à chaque humain. Le texte développe cette approche en partant d’une photographie ordinaire, profane, au sens où elle n’a pas de valeur scientifique intrinsèque. Elle forme pourtant un concept-en-image qui permet de modéliser l’expérience habitante et de lancer des réflexions, en particulier, sur la relation opérateur-objet-environnement qui se tient au cœur de la spatialité, ainsi que sur l’importance de la mise en tension de l’ancrage et de l’ouverture au sein de l’habitation.
Habiter comme « faire avec l’espace ». Réflexions à partir des théories de la pratique
Authors: Stock Mathis
Published: September 2015

Cet article présente une façon spécifique d’appréhender la question de l’habiter du point de vue d’une théorie de la pratique. Plus précisément, quelques éléments acquis de différentes approches théoriques mettant au centre le concept de pratiques sont explicités et interrogés quant à leur capacité heuristique pour appréhender l’habiter. Pour ce faire, on part d’une photographie qui présente la situation touristique. Dans un deuxième temps, cette situation touristique est utilisée pour mener une interrogation sur la problématique contemporaine de l’habiter qui est informée par la mobilité spatiale. Dans un troisième temps, des éléments de théories de la pratique sont présentés qui font sens pour une analyse de l’habiter. L’enjeu réside notamment dans la conceptualisation cohérente des dimensions spatiales pour des théories de la pratique conçues a priori sans références aux enjeux spatiaux.
De l’aube à la nuit. Romain Gary ou la réincarnation par l’écriture
Authors: Lemonnier Brigitte
Published: September 2015

Le suicide a toujours été présent chez Romain Gary tant dans son œuvre que dans sa vie. Lorsqu’il cessa d’écrire, il mit fin à ses jours. C’est ce lien à l’écriture et sa fonction que nous étudions.
Jeunes surdoués en famille
Authors: Kaltenbeck Franz
Published: September 2015

Les enfants dits surdoués soutiennent dans la règle les idéaux du moi de leur famille. Arrivés à l’adolescence, ils manifestent parfois des symptômes ou une orientation sexuelle qui plaisent beaucoup moins que leurs dons intellectuels. Ils déstabilisent alors le système familial et rendent leurs parents perplexes. Ils sont ressentis comme des étrangers par leurs frères et sœurs, comme des intrus qui les désarçonnent par leur différence face à la norme. Une observation clinique et un roman récent nous donneront l’occasion de parler des effets ainsi produits par ces adolescents sur leurs proches, voire sur la société. Ayant cessé de se conformer à l’idéal familial, ces jeunes surdoués y détonnent, étant donné l’incompatibilité de leur orientation sexuelle (homosexualité, par exemple) avec les idéaux familiaux.
D’une catastrophe subjective dans la fonction publique
Authors: Fleury Emmanuel
Published: September 2015

Dans la fonction publique, l’agent met son savoir à la disposition de l’institution et contribue à la servir. Cela structure son discours et soutient sa position au travail, soit son rapport à l’Autre quant à son désir qui le garantit en retour. Mais, s’il doit quitter cette position, les effets de « désaffection » ne se font pas attendre, parfois de façon dramatique. En effet, quand une institution se met à évaluer son agent, elle menace de ce fait l’illusion dans laquelle l’agent croyait pouvoir rester indéfectiblement « employé ». L’histoire d’Henri nous en apporte le témoignage.
Humiliés et offensés : une critique ordinaire du travail
Authors: Huët Romain , Sarrouy Olivier
Published: September 2015

Cet article voudrait susciter une réflexion sur la « critique ordinaire » de la souffrance au travail. Il s’agira, à partir d’une observation de cinq ans au sein d’une association de prévention contre le suicide, et de l’étude de plusieurs centaines de conversations entre des « malheureux » et des bénévoles de cette association, de dégager les manières dont des « individus ordinaires » qualifient leur propre souffrance et considèrent leurs activités de travail comme une cause spécifique de leur précarité psychologique et sociale.
Une femme trompée
Authors: Hulot Thérèse
Published: September 2015

Hystérie ou psychose ? Le problème du diagnostic se pose de façon cruciale pour l’équipe soignante dans le cas de Madame W., hospitalisée pour une très grave dépression. Or le discours de la patiente – le fil rouge de l’analyste – permet d’écarter le diagnostic de l’hystérie et met en évidence chez la patiente le déclenchement tardif d’une mélancolie délirante.
Le contre-transfert de l’analyste dans la série télévisée In treatment
Authors: Gerlach Alf
Published: September 2015

L’auteur écrit sur la relation particulière entre la psychanalyse et le cinéma et illustre le propos à partir des œuvres d’Hitchcock dans lesquelles il a essayé de transmettre l’idée qu’il se faisait de la psychanalyse sous la forme d’une figuration sociale de la psychanalyse au milieu du siècle dernier. Ceci faisant, il essaye aussi de montrer quel impact elle a sur la série télévisée In treatment au début du XXI e siècle. L’auteur utilise son contre-transfert comme instrument de recherche permettant d’approfondir l’étude de l’impact du film du point de vue psychosocial.
Le contre-transfert dans In Treatment
Authors: de Mijolla-Mellor Sophie
Published: September 2015

Est-ce que montrer la psychanalyse aujourd’hui implique d’aller à l’opposé de ce qu’on en a montré hier parce que cette image était devenue inacceptable ? Est-ce que en revanche ces tentatives avec leurs maladresses ne nous restituent pas quelque chose du mouvement de l’analyse, c’est-à-dire de son incertitude comme moteur d’une quête à renouveler ? On analyse ici la série In Treatment , traduite par En analyse qui semble donner de la psychanalyse une image globalement positive bien qu’au prix de distorsions qu’il convient de rappeler.
Looking Ahead After 50 Years of Medicare
Authors: Sullivan-Marx Eileen M.
Published: September 2015

Fifty years of Medicare have led to enormous improvements in care of older adults in the United States. Policy changes in Medicare and Medicaid have undergirded the care of older adults and the workforce and professional development of nurses and advanced practice nurses. Reflecting on the decades of change in these 50 years and the context in which these changes occurred can prepare health care providers for future strategies to address needs of the rapidly growing older adult population. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 41
(9), 15–18.]
Fat Necrosis Presenting as a Soft Tissue Mass
Authors: Mohsen Mona , Ilaslan Hakan , Naous Rana , Sundaram Murali
Published: September 2015

A 68-year-old woman presented with a painless palpable mass in the left thigh. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed.
Operative Management Options for Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Instability in Patients Younger Than 30 Years
Authors: Davis Daniel E. , Abboud Joseph A.
Published: September 2015

Educational Objectives

As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:

1.

Discuss the evaluation of the young patient with an instability event.

2.

Describe the injury patterns and pathology leading to anterior shoulder instability.

3.

Explain the operative options for shoulder instability based on the pathology.

4.

Formulate a postoperative protocol for patients undergoing operative treatment of instability.

Anterior instability of the glenohumeral joint is a relatively common problem in the young population. Identification and treatment is essential to reduce the risk of recurrent instability, whether that is re-dislocation or subluxation events. Non-operative treatment for first-time dislocations was the classic option; however, a relatively high rate of recurrent dislocations has led to earlier operative management in some cases. Surgical treatment through either an open or arthroscopic approach has continued to be an area of research and debate. The decision depends partly on the exact etiology of the instability and the extent of soft tissue or bony deficiency. As arthroscopic techniques and experience improve, surgical procedures for arthroscopic anterior shoulder instability continue to evolve. This review serves as an in-depth overview of the treatment options for traumatic anterior shoulder instability in the patient younger than 30 years, generally focusing on non-rotator cuff–associated etiologies for recurrent instability. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(9):570–576.]
Suture Technique Influences the Biomechanical Integrity of Pectoralis Major Repairs
Authors: Gregory James M. , Klosterman Emma L. , Thomas Jacqueline M. , Hammond James , Shewman Elizabeth F. , Wang Vincent M. , Verma Nikhil N. , Romeo Anthony A.
Published: September 2015

Pectoralis major ruptures occur in large, muscular individuals, and repair constructs may experience significant tension. Four different suture techniques were evaluated biomechanically to determine the effect of suture technique on optimizing fixation strength. Forty fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were repaired using endosteal buttons. The control group was repaired with #2 polyblend suture in a modified Mason-Allen stitch configuration. The triple group was repaired using the same suture and configuration, but with the addition of triple-loaded buttons. The configuration group was repaired using the same suture in a Krackow/Bunnell configuration. The tape group was repaired using 2-mm polyethylene tape and #5 polyblend suture in the Krackow/Bunnell configuration. Under cyclic loading, there was no significant difference between groups. Under load-to-failure testing, the tape group withstood a significantly greater maximum load (726.0±90.0 N) than the control and triple groups (330.2±20.2 and 400.2±35.2 N, respectively;
P
<.005), and similar load to the configuration group (509.9±68.6 N;
P
=.16). The configuration group failed via suture breakage (9/10); the other groups failed via suture pullout, in which suture pulled through tendon (26/30). Pectoralis major repair in a running, locked configuration appears to improve biomechanical performance by preventing suture pullout. Use of a polyethylene tape construct demonstrates the potential for improved failure loads, but its role remains undefined. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(9):e746–e752.]
Biopsies in the Community Lead to Postoperative Complications in Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Bedi Meena , King David M. , Hackbarth Donald A. , Charlson John A. , Baynes Keith , Neilson John C.
Published: September 2015

Percutaneous biopsies allow for precise diagnosis in soft tissue sarcomas and have a low rate of complications. However, it is unknown whether biopsies performed in a community setting lead to higher rates of wound complications at the time of resection. The goal of this study was to determine whether percutaneous biopsies performed at a sarcoma center have lower rates of wound complications compared with those performed in the community setting. A total of 125 patients with soft tissue sarcomas were treated with neoadjuvant radiation followed by limb-sparing resection. Of these, 92 underwent percutaneous biopsy. Patient, demographic, and treatment variables and postoperative wound complications were reviewed. Predictors of wound complications were evaluated with Fisher’s exact test for univariate analysis and with logistic regression for multivariate analysis. The wound complication rate was 27% for open or percutaneous biopsies. When only percutaneous biopsies were assessed, the wound complication rate was 25%. The wound complication rate for percutaneous biopsies was 18% when the biopsy was performed at the authors’ sarcoma center and 46% when the biopsy was performed in the community setting (
P
=.01). The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 4 wound complication rate was 73% in patients who underwent percutaneous biopsy at a community hospital vs 14% in those who underwent percutaneous biopsy at the authors’ sarcoma center (
P
=.005). Multivariate analysis showed that lower-extremity soft tissue sarcomas (
P
=.03) and biopsies performed in the community setting (
P
=.01) had an increased rate of postoperative wound complications. Percutaneous biopsies performed at community hospitals had an increased incidence of grade 4 postoperative wound toxicity compared with biopsies done at tertiary centers. These wound results confirmed previous recommendations that biopsy of soft tissue sarcomas should be performed at an experienced sarcoma center. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(9):e753–e759.]
Anterolateral Versus Medial Plating of Distal Extra-articular Tibia Fractures: A Biomechanical Model
Authors: Pirolo Joseph M. , Behn Anthony W. , Abrams Geoffrey D. , Bishop Julius A.
Published: September 2015

Both medial and anterolateral plate applications have been described for the treatment of distal tibia fractures, each with distinct advantages and disadvantages. The objective of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of medial and anterolateral plating constructs used to stabilize simulated varus and valgus fracture patterns of the distal tibia. In 16 synthetic tibia models, a 45° oblique cut was made to model an Orthopedic Trauma Association type 43-A1.2 distal tibia fracture in either a varus or valgus injury pattern. Each fracture was then reduced and plated with a precontoured medial or anterolateral distal tibia plate. The specimens were biomechanically tested in axial and torsional loading, cyclic axial loading, and load to failure. For the varus fracture pattern, medial plating showed less fracture site displacement and rotation and was stiffer in both axial and torsional loading (
P
<.05). For the valgus fracture pattern, there was no statistically significant difference between medial and anterolateral plating. There were no significant differences between the 2 constructs for either fracture pattern with respect to ultimate load, displacement, or energy absorption in load to failure testing. When used to stabilize varus fracture patterns, medial plates showed superior biomechanical performance compared with anterolateral plates. In this application, the medial plates functioned in anti-glide mode. For valgus fracture patterns, no biomechanical differences between anterolateral and medial plating were observed. In clinical practice, surgeons should take this biomechanical evidence into account when devising a treatment strategy for fixation of distal tibia fractures. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(9):e760–e765.]
Population-Based Epidemiology of Tibial Plateau Fractures
Authors: Elsoe Rasmus , Larsen Peter , Nielsen Nina Pil Hostrup , Swenne Johanna , Rasmussen Sten , Ostgaard Svend Erik
Published: September 2015

Although epidemiologic studies of tibial plateau fractures have been conducted, none have included geographically defined populations or a validated fracture classification based on computed tomography (CT). The goals of this study were to provide up-to-date information on the incidence and basic epidemiology of tibial plateau fractures in a large unselected patient population and to report the mechanisms of injury involved and the distribution of fractures according to a validated CT-based fracture classification. The authors conducted a population-based epidemiologic study of all patients treated for tibial plateau fracture over a 6-year period from 2005 to 2010. The study was based on an average background population of 576,364 citizens. A retrospective review of hospital records was performed. During this time, a total of 355 patients were treated for tibial plateau fracture. This group included 166 men and 189 women, and mean age was 52.6 years (SD, 18.3). The most common fracture type was AO type 41-B3, representing 35% of all tibial plateau fractures. The second most common fracture type was AO type 41-C3, representing 17% of all tibial plateau fractures. The incidence of tibial plateau fractures was 10.3 per 100,000 annually. Compared with women, men younger than 50 years had a higher incidence of fractures. The incidence of fractures increased markedly in women older than 50 years but decreased in men older than 50 years. In both sexes, the highest frequency was between the ages of 40 and 60 years. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(9):e780–e786.]
Septic Arthritis in Infants Younger Than 3 Months: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Bono Kenneth T. , Samora Julie Balch , Klingele Kevin E.
Published: September 2015

Septic arthritis in infants is rare and can be difficult to diagnose. This study reviewed a series of patients younger than 3 months to identify factors that may assist in early diagnosis and treatment. A query of records at a large Midwestern pediatric hospital (1994–2010) was performed to identify all patients younger than 3 months at the time of diagnosis. Analysis included birth history, joint involvement, physical examination findings, laboratory results, imaging results, method of treatment, and outcome. In 14 cases (11 boys, 3 girls; mean age at diagnosis, 42.2 days), complete records were available for review. Involved joints included the knee, hip, and shoulder. The most common findings on physical examination were decreased range of motion (100%), tenderness (100%), and swelling (71.4%). Mean temperature was 38.5°C. Mean white blood cell count was 18.5 K/µL, mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 48.9 mm/h, and mean C-reactive protein level was 6.1 mg/dL. More than half (57.1%) of joint aspirates grew positive cultures, and 41.7% of blood cultures had positive results. Causative organisms were group B streptococcus, methicillin-sensitive
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Haemophilus influenzae
,
Streptococcus pneumoniae
,
Salmonella enterica
, and
Candida albicans
. The most common physical examination findings in infants younger than 3 months with septic arthritis include tenderness, decreased range of motion, and swelling. White blood cell count, C-reactive protein level, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate are likely to be elevated, but these findings should be used in combination with findings on physical examination and radiographic studies to aid in diagnosis. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(9):e787–e793.]