bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving reading rate prediction with word length information: Evidence from Dutch
Authors: Brysbaert Marc , Sui Longjiao , Dirix Nicolas , Duyck Wouter
Published: November 2020

Previous research in English has suggested that reading rate predictions can be improved considerably by taking average word length into account. In the present study, we investigated whether the same regularity holds for Dutch. The Dutch language is very similar to English, but words are on average half a letter longer: 5.1 letters per word (in non-fiction) instead of 4.6. We inserted the new value in the equation previously proposed for English, and observed how well the outcome matched reading rates of 62 participants reading 12 texts with varying word lengths. Predictions were close to the best fitting curve, indicating that the equation generalizes from English to Dutch. The equation predicts that Dutch texts with an average word length of 5.1 letters will be read at a rate of 238 word per minute (wpm). Texts with an average word length of 4.5 letter will be read at 270 wpm, and texts with an average word length of 6.0 letters will be read at a rate of 202 wpm.
Human kin detection
Authors: Bressan Paola , Kramer Peter
Published: November 2020

Natural selection has favored the evolution of behaviors that benefit not only one's genes, but also their copies in genetically related individuals. These behaviors include optimal outbreeding (choosing a mate that is neither too closely related, nor too distant), nepotism (helping kin), and spite (hurting non-kin at a personal cost), and all require some form of kin detection or kin recognition. Yet, kinship cannot be assessed directly; human kin detection relies on heuristic cues that take into account individuals' context (whether they were reared by our mother, or grew up in our home, or were given birth by our spouse), appearance (whether they smell or look like us), and ability to arouse certain feelings (whether we feel emotionally close to them). The uncertainties of kin detection, along with its dependence on social information, create ample opportunities for the evolution of deception and self-deception. For example, babies carry no unequivocal stamp of their biological father, but across cultures they are passionately claimed to resemble their mother's spouse; to the same effect, 'neutral' observers are greatly influenced by belief in relatedness when judging resemblance between strangers. Still, paternity uncertainty profoundly shapes human relationships, reducing not only the investment contributed by paternal versus maternal kin, but also prosocial behavior between individuals who are related through one or more males rather than females alone. Because of its relevance to racial discrimination and political preferences, the evolutionary pressure to prefer kin to non-kin has a manifold influence on society at large.
An Energizing Role for Motivation in Information-Seeking During the Early Phase of the COVID- 19 Pandemic
Authors: Abir Yaniv , Marvin Caroline , van Geen Camilla , Leshkowitz Maya , Hassin Ran , Shohamy Daphna
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of understanding and managing information seeking behavior. Information-seeking in humans is often viewed as irrational rather than utility maximizing. Here, we hypothesized that this apparent disconnect between utility and information-seeking is due to a latent third variable, motivation. We quantified information-seeking, learning, and COVID-19-related concern (which we used as a proxy for motivation regarding COVID-19 and the changes in circumstance it caused) in a US-based sample (n = 5376) during spring 2020. We found that self-reported levels of COVID-19 concern were associated with directed seeking of COVID-19-related content and better memory for such information. Interestingly, this specific motivational state was also associated with a general enhancement of information-seeking for content unrelated to COVID-19. These effects were associated with commensurate changes to utility expectations and were dissociable from the influence of non-specific anxiety. Thus, motivation both directs and energizes epistemic behavior, linking together utility and curiosity.
Mapping the Self: A network approach for understanding psychological and neural representations of self-concept structure
Authors: Elder Jacob , Cheung;Cheung Ki Man Bernice Man Bernice , Davis Tyler , Hughes Brent
Published: November 2020

How people self-reflect and maintain a coherent sense of self is an important question that spans from early philosophy to modern psychology and neuroscience. Research on the self-concept has not yet developed and tested a formal model of how diverse trait self-perceptions cohere and depend upon one another. We first develop a network-based approach, which suggests normative beliefs about trait relationships contribute to how the self-concept is structured (Study 1). This model explains how people maintain positivity and coherence in self-evaluations and how trait interrelations shape activation in brain regions involved in self-referential processing and concept representation (Study 2 and Study 3). Results reveal that a network-based property theorized to preserve coherence (i.e., outdegree centrality) is associated with more favorable and consistent self-evaluations and decreased vmPFC activation. Further, participants higher in self-esteem and lower in depressive symptoms differentiate between higher and lower centrality traits more in self-evaluations, suggesting that emphasizing central, stability preserving traits may be protective for mental health. Together, our model and findings join individual differences, brain activity, and behavior to present a computational theory of how normative beliefs about trait relationships contribute to a coherent, interconnected self-concept.
Who is Right?: A word identification in noise test for young children using minimal pair distracters
Authors: Evans Samuel , Rosen Stuart
Published: November 2020

[Published version available here: https://pubs.asha.org/doi/abs/10.1044/2021_JSLHR-20-00658]. Many children have difficulties understanding speech. Reliable tools are needed to identify them in order to provide appropriate interventions. At present, there are relatively few assessments that test for subtle impairments in speech perception that have normative data from UK children. Here we present a new test, which evaluates children’s ability to identify target words in background noise by choosing between minimal pair alternatives that differ by a single articulatory phonetic feature. This new test of single word perception is (1) tailored to testing young children, (2) has minimal memory demands, (3) adapts to the child’s ability and (4) does not require reading or verbal output. Although designed for young children, it is also readily applicable in adults. Here, we show that speech in noise abilities in this particular task develop rapidly through childhood until they reach maturity at around ten years of age. We make this test freely available, with normative data for listeners aged 4-25 years old, and hope that it will be useful to researchers and clinicians in the assessment of speech perceptual abilities in children with hearing impairments, Developmental Language Disorder (DLD), Dyslexia and Auditory Processing Disorder (APD).
Face management and negative strengthening: The role of power relations, social distance and gender
Authors: Gotzner Nicole , Mazzarella Diana
Published: November 2020

Negated gradable adjectives often convey an interpretation that is stronger than their literal meaning, which is referred to as ‘negative strengthening’. For example, a sentence like ‘John is not kind’ may give rise to the inference that John is rather mean. Crucially, negation is more likely to be pragmatically strengthened in the case of positive adjectives (‘not kind’ to mean rather mean) than negative adjectives (‘not mean’ to mean rather kind). A classical explanation of this polarity asymmetry is based on politeness, specifically on the potential face threat of bare negative adjectives (Horn, 1989, Brown & Levinson, 1987). This paper presents the results of two experiments investigating the role of face management in negative strengthening. We show that negative strengthening of positive and negative adjectives interacts differently with the social variables of power, social distance, and gender.
Risk communication improvements for gambling: House-edge information and volatility statements
Authors: Newall Philip Warren Stirling , Walasek Lukasz , Ludvig Elliot Andrew
Published: November 2020

Objective: Some gambling product messages are designed to inform gamblers about the long-run cost of gambling, e.g., “this game has an average percentage payout of 90%.” This message is in the “return-to-player” format and is meant to convey that for every £100 bet about £90 will be paid out in prizes. Some previous research has found that restating this information in the “house-edge” format, e.g., “this game keeps 10% of all money bet on average”, is better understood by gamblers and reduces gamblers’ perceived chances of winning. Here we additionally test another potential risk communication improvement: a “volatility statement” highlighting that return-to-player and house-edge percentages are long-run statistical averages, which may not be experienced in any short period of gambling.Method: Gambling information format and volatility statement presence were manipulated in an online experiment involving 2,025 UK gamblers.Results: The house-edge format and the presence of volatility statements both additively reduced gamblers’ perceived chances of winning. In terms of gamblers’ understanding, house-edge messages were understood the best, but no consistent effect of volatility statements was observed.Conclusions: The return-to-player gambling messages in current widespread use can be improved by switching to the house-edge format and via the addition of a volatility statement.
Execution of Safe Blasting Under Adverse Conditions of a Powerhouse Complex: A Revisit to Sardar Sarovar Project, India
Authors: Adhikari Govind Raj , Balachander R. , Theresraj A. I.
Published: November 2020

When the excavation of the underground powerhouse of the Sardar Sarovar Project, India was nearly complete, cracks were observed on the upstream and downstream walls of the powerhouse, and the installed instrumentation readings sounded an alert for the instability of the powerhouse cavern that could possibly derail the project, further excavation in the powerhouse cavern was halted. After completing stabilisation measures, the remaining underground excavations by drill and blast method were to be completed. This paper revisits case studies of controlled blasting for the remaining excavations, namely a construction ramp, turbine pits, draft tube tunnels connecting the powerhouse, and the concrete plugs erected at the exit ends of the draft tube tunnels. To ensure overall stability around the excavations, blast vibration was controlled by planning the excavations in proper sequences. The damage outside the planned line of excavations was controlled by adopting modified line drilling/smooth blasting techniques. The details of the sequence of excavations, drilling and blasting parameters, compiled from previous publications, are presented in this paper. This paper also describes the reasons why concrete plugs were erected in the draft tube tunnels, the details of the concrete plugs, the optimised drilling and blasting procedure for safe removal of the plugs, and the method adopted to quantify the damage.
Impact Analysis of 220 Kv And 400 Kv Transmission Lines on The Integrated Nepal Power System
Authors: Bhandari Ganesh , Rimal Bishal , Neupane Sandeep
Published: November 2020

Power is an essential requirement for the economic development of any country. To maintain the generation of electric power at an adequate level the power has to be transmitted in a proper form to the consumer. For determination of line losses, voltage profiles and expansion of system, load flow analysis is most essential tools. This paper deals with the impact analysis of new 220 kV and 400 kV lines on Interconnected Nepal Power System (132 kV grid) in Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP). It represents the present scenario of the power system of Nepal and their impact analysis. Load flow result of existing 132 kV line shows that there is about 44.56 MW active power losses in the transmission line before any compensation techniques. After the Optimal Capacitor Placement, in the existing transmission line the active power loss decreases to about 34.224 MW as well as the voltage profile at each bus improves. The load flow result of the under construction 220 kV and 400 kV lines on the existing line shows that the total system loss would decrease to about 27.445 MW with the voltage profile improvement. The simulated model, result and analysis are presented in this paper.
Seasonal Variability of Historical and Projected Future Climate in the Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Lamichhane Suraj , Basnet Keshav , Baral Nirmal Prasad , Katuwal Tek Bahadur , Subedi Upendra
Published: November 2020

Anthropogenic activities are the major drivers of climate change and the climatic variability is the major threat for the world development especially in Nepal. The Kathmandu Valley (KV) is the most urbanized capital city of Nepal that has sensed the climatic variation in terms of increase in temperature, precipitation, runoff, and flood for few decades. For the adaptation of climatic variability, historical and future climate change is depicted by the trend, seasonal, and yearly variation analysis using climate models based on observed data. Historically, minimum temperatures of the all seasons are in increasing and the seasonal average rate of precipitation in the KV watershed is declining. After analysis of the projected future climate using climate model (ACCESS-CSIRO-CCAM, CNRM-CM5 and CCSM4) with two representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios (i.e., RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), minimum and maximum temperature in the future (up to 2050) is increased by 0.66°C – 0.6°C in RCP 4.5 and 1.21°C –1.04°C in RCP8.5 scenario. The rise in temperature means the warmer day will be increased and the erratic behavior of the precipitation will be expected in the future and the basin is expected to be drier in dry season and wetter in wet season. The analysis provides the alternative information for the planner for better planning, management, and adaptation strategy.
DENSIDADE BÁSICA E ESTABILIDADE DIMENSIONAL DE MADEIRAS TROPICAIS MODIFICADAS POR TRATAMENTOS TÉRMICOS
Authors: Soares Lobato Camila Cristina , Do Vale Igor , Martins de Souza Lyssa , Lima de Abreu Juliana Livian , Costa Ferreira Gracialda , Bufalino Lina
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as modificações de propriedades físicas das madeiras de três espécies tropicais de interesse comercial por tratamentos térmicos conduzidos com diferentes temperaturas e tempos de exposição ao calor. Amostras de madeira de Pouteria caimito, Protium altissimum e Jacaranda copaia foram submetidas a modificações térmicas a 180 e 240 °C, ambas por 1 e 2 h. Foram avaliadas redução de massa, densidade básica e contração volumétrica das madeiras. O tratamento de 2 h a 240 °C causou maior redução de massa para todas as espécies. Pouteria caimito e Protium altissimum não apresentaram diferença significativa na densidade básica e contração volumétrica entre os tratamentos térmicos. A redução de massa, que confirma a efetividade dos tratamentos térmicos, aliada à manutenção da densidade é básica, é benéfica para a qualidade das madeiras. Jacaranda copaia apresentou maior estabilidade dimensional, mas foi mais afetada pelas variações dos tratamentos com diminuição da densidade básica da madeira quando submetida a 180 ºC por 1 h e 240 ºC por 2 h. A secagem das madeiras não tratadas, assim como os tratamentos térmicos, diminui a capacidade de adsorção de água e o volume saturado, resultando em contrações volumétricas similares às das madeiras termicamente tratadas.  
Palavras-chave: secagem da madeira; hornificação; densidade básica; contração volumétrica.
 
Basic density and dimensional stability of tropical woods modified by thermal treatments
 
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the wood physical properties’ modifications from three commercially interesting tropical species by thermal treatments carried out with different temperatures and heat exposure times. Wood samples of Pouteria caimito, Protium altissimum, and Jacaranda copaia were submitted to thermal modifications at 180 and 240 °C, both for 1 and 2 h. The mass reduction, basic density, and volumetric contraction were evaluated. The treatment of 2 h at 240 °C caused the highest mass reduction for all species. Pouteria caimito and Protium altissimum did not significantly differ in basic density and volumetric contraction of wood among thermal treatments. The mass reduction, which confirms the effectiveness of thermal treatments, allied to the maintenance of basic density, benefits the wood quality. Jacaranda copaia showed the greatest dimensional stability, but it was the most affected species by the variations of thermal treatments with decreases in basic wood density when submitted to 180 ºC for 1 h and 240 ºC for 2 h. The drying of the samples, as well as the thermal treatments, may decrease the water adsorption and saturated volume, resulting in volumetric contractions similar to those of thermally treated samples.
Keywords: wood drying; hornification; basic density; volumetric contraction.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE INDICADORES PARTICIPATIVOS DE QUALIDADE DO SOLO EM SISTEMAS DE PRODUÇÃO AGRÍCOLA FAMILIAR
Authors: Silva Pedro Victor Castro , De Aguiar Maria Ivanilda , Dantas Francisca Maria Maciel , De Almeida Maria Valdenira Rodrigues , Costa Leandra de Oliveira , Zuliani Daniela Queiroz
Published: November 2020

Avaliar os sistemas agrícolas permite inferir sobre a sustentabilidade dos manejos praticados. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade do solo em diferentes sistemas de produção utilizando indicadores visuais. Foram avaliados oito consórcios tradicionais em diferentes períodos de adoção, localizados em três municípios cearenses. Utilizou-se metodologia participativa, escolhendo-se 12 indicadores de qualidade do solo, aos quais foram atribuídas notas de 1 a 10, de acordo com critérios pré-estabelecidos. Os dados foram avaliados por meio de análises descritivas e multivariada (Análise de componentes principais - ACP). Todos os consórcios avaliados apresentaram níveis satisfatórios de qualidade do solo com médias acima de cinco. Dois consórcios, um localizado em Choró (Consórcio 02 Choró - C2C) e outro em Acarape (Consórcio 01 Assentamento – C1A) se destacaram dos demais, apresentando as maiores médias (8,9). A inserção de práticas edáficas, a exemplo da aplicação de bagana de carnaúba como cobertura do solo favoreceu a qualidade do solo, contribuindo para sua conservação.
Palavras-chave: bagana de carnaúba; metodologia participativa; cobertura do solo; agroecologia.
 
Use of participative soil quality indicators in family agricultural production systems
 
ABSTRACT: Evaluating agricultural systems allows inferring about the sustainability of the practices practiced. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate soil quality in different production systems using visual indicators. Eight traditional consortia were evaluated at different use periods, located in three counties in Ceará. Consortia are groups of many species of plants living in the same area. Participatory methodology was used, choosing 12 soil quality indicators, which were given scores from 1 to 10, according to pre-established criteria. The data were evaluated using descriptive and multivariate analysis (Principal Component Analysis - PCA). All consortia evaluated showed satisfactory levels of soil quality with averages above five. Two consortia, one located in Choró (Consortium 02 Choró - C2C) and another in Acarape (Consortium 01 Settlement - C1S) stood out from the others, with the highest averages (8.9). The insertion of edaphic practices, such as the application of carnauba bagana as soil cover, favored soil quality, contributing to its conservation.
Keywords: carnauba bagana; participatory methodology; land cover; agroecology.
AVALIAÇÃO DO ESTILO DE VIDA, CONDIÇÕES SOCIOECONÔMICAS E SATISFAÇÃO NO TRABALHO DE PROFESSORES DE ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Fontana Rosane Teresinha , Rosa Alessandro da Silva , Rodrigues Francisco Carlos Pinto
Published: November 2020

Estudo que teve como objetivo investigar o estilo de vida e o perfil socioeconômico e a satisfação de professores de nível superior, atuantes nos cursos de enfermagem de duas universidades regionais e uma instituição de ensino superior, localizadas no interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. De caráter exploratório, descritivo, de corte transversal e abordagem quantitativa. A coleta dos dados foi feita por meio de uma escala e dois questionários e a análise por estatística descritiva, no segundo semestre de 2015 e mediante aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. A maior parte dos respondentes está satisfeito com suas atividades, porém 70% não possuem estilo de vida saudável. É necessário envolver docentes e gestores às reflexões sobre os resultados, de modo a sensibilizá-los a oferecer maior qualidade ao trabalho docente, tais como sessões de terapias complementares; locais de descanso confortáveis e interativos, além de maior quantitativo de pessoal.
ALFABETIZAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: RELATO E DISCUSSÃO DE ATIVIDADE ENVOLVENDO O ESTUDO DAS MINHOCAS
Authors: Nilson Lauren Linck , Rosa Cleci T. Werner da , Nilson Marilene Linck
Published: November 2020

Neste trabalho, relatam-se atividades desenvolvidas na Educação Infantil, atreladas ao processo de Alfabetização Científica, de acordo com o que é proposto por Sasseron (2015). Para tanto, desenvolveram-se atividades voltadas ao favorecimento da investigação e da argumentação, relacionadas ao tema minhocas. Nesta proposta, objetivou-se avaliar a pertinência desse conjunto de ações em relação à Alfabetização Científica cujas atividades favoreceram a relação com o mundo vivencial, despertaram a curiosidade, a formulação de hipóteses, o desenvolvimento do raciocínio lógico, a organização do conhecimento e a argumentação. O estudo, realizado com 22 crianças, de dois a quatro anos, em uma cidade do interior do Rio Grande do Sul, apontou que as crianças, ao vivenciarem as experiências, ampliaram seus conhecimentos sobre assuntos de seu contexto, desenvolvendo habilidades associadas à construção do conhecimento científico e ao processo de Alfabetização Científica.
Programa de capacitação de professores: da origem aos resultados de avaliação
Authors: Picozzi Maria Eny Leandro , Elliot Ligia Gomes , Aguiar Glauco da Silva
Published: November 2020

Esta obra faz parte da série Estudos Avaliativos Multidisciplinares, organizado por Ligia Gomes Elliot e Lígia Silva Leite.
The Plot Twist in TV Serial Narratives
Authors: Pérez Héctor J.
Published: November 2020

This article explores the use of the plot twist in screen fictions. This is a largely unexplored area, as interest in this phenomenon has largely focused on the so-called “plot twist movie,” which is an older narrative tradition. In order to explain this aesthetic phenomenon, it draws on the model of surprise originally proposed by the cognitive psychologists Wulf Meyer, Rainer Reisenzein, and Achim Schützwohl. Plot twists are characterized by three distinct but intimately intertwined temporal segments and their corresponding functions, which are explained by this model. The objective of this article is to explore how cognitive-emotional interactions shape the aesthetic viewing experience and to identify how that experience relates to shows’ artistic qualities. Game of Thrones (S01 and S03), Homeland (S01), and Westworld (S01) will be used as test cases. In each of the three plot segments, there are specific processes that distinguish the experience of surprise as an aesthetic phenomenon.
The Philippines in COVID-19 spread situation: epidemic development, government contra-measures, Filipinos’ views
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of science (MOSCOW), Panarina D.S.
Published: November 2020

The paper examines how the situation with the COVID_19 spread developed in the Philippines starting from the first cases and to the time when Enhanced Community Quarantine was introduced on all Luzon Island. The author gives official statistics on coronavirus in the country, describes now existing system of the virus testing including all the factors hampering it, touches upon governmental measures taken in order to stop COVID-19 from further spread and overcome economic crisis, which was caused by the epidemic. Moreover, the author considers local people’s reaction on the current situation, in detail tells what the Enhanced Community Quarantine is like and how it differs from General Community Quarantine.
Socio-economic specifics of the spread of coronavirus COVID-19 in Singapore: problems and solutions
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of science (MOSCOW), Astafieva E.M.
Published: November 2020

The article analyzes the specificity of the spread of the coronavirus COVID-19 in Singapore, characterized by a clear predominance of infections among migrant workers. The author provides official statistics, and also examines the main government measures taken to solve this problem. Particular attention is paid to the issue of xenophobia prevailing in Singaporean society towards foreign workers, as well as the opinions of government officials and scientists from Singapore on these issues.
EVALUASI KEMAMPUAN LAHAN UNTUK ARAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI MAROS SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Suhairin Suhairin
Published: November 2020

Ketidak-sesuian fungsi kawasan adalah masalah krusial di DAS Maros. Perubahan penggunaan lahan hutan menjadi lahan kering untuk budidaya pertanian tanpa memerhatikan kaidah konservasi tanah dan air telah menyebabkan terjadinya degradasi lahan. Usaha pengelolaan DAS Maros dapat dilakukan dengan memadukan antara kepentingan konservasi lahan dan air dengan peningkatan produksi pertanian. Langkah awalnya adalah dengan mengevaluasi kemampuan lahan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kelas kemampuan lahan di wilayah DAS Maros dan merumuskan arahan penggunaan lahannya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei dan analisis contoh tanah. Survei dan pengambilan contoh tanah dilakukan di setiap satuan lahan yang memiliki ciri dan karakteristik yang sama, dengan terlebih dahulu membuat peta satuan lahan. Peta tersebut dihasilkan dari peta sistem lahan  yang bersumber dari RePprot skala 1:250.000 dengan empat karakteristik fisik lahan yaitu lereng, penggunaan lahan, jenis tanah, dan geologi. Faktor pembatas di setiap satuan lahan adalah sebagai dasar dalam menglasifikasi. Penulisan nama kelas kemampuan lahan dimulai dari tingkat ordo sampai sub-kelas sebagai penunjuk jenis pembatasnya. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan terdapat 11 kelas kemampuan lahan, yaitu : IIw, IIws, IIIe, IIIes, IIIews, IIIw, IVe, IVes, IVews, VIews, dan VIIes; dan terdapat 4,9% penggunaan lahan eksisting yang tidak sesuai dengan kemampuan lahannya. Penggunaan lahan yang tidak sesuai itu perlu dipulihkan dengan merumuskan arahan pengembangan penggunaan lahannya.
Design characteristics of an armored tractor for hot climate
Authors: Semenov A. G
Published: November 2020

The article discusses issues related to the field of tractor construction, specifically to tracked and wheeled tractors equipped with various attachments that perform earthmoving, loading, transport and other works in industrial and road construction in special conditions that require additional cooling of the power compartment and protection of the operator and the main components of the machinery from the bullets and shrapnel. Not every serial tractor and machinery based on it (including the engineering ones) is suitable for operation in the special conditions of countries with hot climates, especially in conditions of war or its consequences (undetected and not neutralized mines, unexploded bombs, etc.). The aim of the work is to link the known measures of strengthening the standard cooling system of the engine compartment of an armored tractor with its armor protection, excluding, at least, the negative consequences of such “heat engineering recipes” for the operational safety of the tractor driver mainly, and thereby improve the technical and operational characteristics of armored tractor. The proposed options make it possible to improve the technical and operational characteristics of the armored tractor through the use of such arrangement of the considered components of the tractor (the cabin with operator's workplace, the power compartment, limited by the hood, and the heat exchange hatch), that allow to meet the maximum requirements, which are a visibility from the cabin and protection of the cabine from weapons that fall into the cover. The results obtained seem to be a sufficient basis for an optimistic forecast of the implementation of this development in the existing technological structure of the domestic economy.
Analysis of the operation of a flat sieve that vibrates in a horizontal plane
Authors: Golovin A. Yu , Sabiyev U. K , Chupin P. V , Soyunov A. S , Prokopov S. P
Published: November 2020

In accordance with the provisions of the Food security Doctrine of the Russian Federation, it is required to increase the share of domestically produced grain in the world market at least to 95 %. This is facilitated by the presence of 9 % of the world's cultivated areas in the Russian Federation, where black soil is 40 percent. However, post-harvest processing of the entire grain heap brought from the fields is performed by production lines, where the completeness of separation is influenced by the contamination and moisture content of freshly harvested grain. An increase in humidity by 1 % of the baseline reduces the productivity of grain cleaning equipment by 2 %, and an increase in humidity by 1 % reduces productivity by 3 %. Therefore, the country's grain-flow farms need modern technologies for post-harvest grain processing. The main methods of increasing the productivity of machinery can be distinguished. They are: a uniform distribution of seeds over the sieve area, a better particle penetration into the sieve hole, an increase in the speed of grain movement on the surface of the sieves, a complication of the law of vibrations of sieve mills. According to the performed studies the completeness of separation on the sieve surface depends on the indicators of the relative motion of the particle, as well as the angle of inclination of the holes to the direction of descent, the speed and movement of the grain when interacting with the long edge of the sieve hole, performing harmonic oscillations. The following recommendations can be made: the separation process improves at an angle of inclination of the sieve openings β = 45°, the frequency of sieve vibrations n = 110 min-1, the amplitude of sieve vibrations A = 0,09 m, the angle of the sieve transverse inclination αп = 1,5°...2,5°. The cleaning of the grain mixture is carried out qualitatively in accordance with the agrotechnical requirements in this operating mode.
Justification of the operating modes of the needle disk of a new design
Authors: Shmidt A. N , Kem A. A , Chekusov M. S , Kuz'min D. E , Soyunov A. S
Published: November 2020

The preservation and accumulation of productive soil moisture in areas with insufficient moisture and subject to wind erosion does not lose its relevance. Known disc needle-like working bodies of rotary harrows, intended for surface treatment on stubble backgrounds, are mainly aimed at loosening the upper soil layer. An incorrectly selected mode of using existing needle harrows is dangerous by excessive spraying and drying out of the surface of fertile soil. In this regard, there was proposed a new technical solution for a needle disk with a changing shape of needles, which makes it possible to loosen the top layer of soil from making holes on the surface of the field. A tillage tool with needle discs consists of a hub with needles fixed on it. The disc is installed afrontal, each needle is made of a variable shape, the first half made from the base of the needle is square, and the second half is pyramidal with a top at the end of the needle. The use of such needle discs with needles, which more easily penetrate the soil make it possible to efficiently chop up crop residues and loosen the soil, which improves the quality of soil cultivation. The tests of the new needle disk against the background of perennial grasses made it possible to substantiate the main operating parameters of the new working body. For sandy loam soil with a hardness of 14,5 kPa with an agrophone of perennial grasses, such as awnless rump and alfalfa, it was found that the maximum parameter for moisture accumulation will be achieved at a speed of 7 km / h with an angle of attack equal to 0°, and loosening at a speed of 9 km/h with an angle of attack of 16°. A rational parameter, at which not only moisture accumulation occurs, but also high-quality soil cultivation, is achieved when the angle of attack is set to 4° and the speed of the unit is 7 km/h.
Nonprofit Marketing: Does Strategic Planning Help?
Authors: Tuneva Marin
Published: November 2020

This article generally discusses the role of marketing strategies in promoting the nonprofit civil society sector in its efforts to reach and engage the audiences. Many non-profit organizations consider the use of tactical marketing strategy as useful and essential. The success of the non-profit sector is related to the wider environment in which it operates, such as the political, economic, socio-cultural and technological. Therefore, a carefully designed marketing strategy can help the non-profit sector properly address the needs of the different target groups. The purpose of this paper is to explore ways in which marketing ideas and strategies are created and implemented in the non-profit civil society organizations and the tools used to achieve its mission. Part of this process is to determine how management in nonprofits views marketing, as well as the challenges and opportunities associated with marketing efforts. In-depth interviews were conducted with leading representatives of civil society organizations working in the field of media and journalism, and the results were processed with the Atlas.ti software. Analysis of secondary data, including findings from past research, documents, and different publications, is also used to elaborate the research problem.The article notes that although there is an understanding in civil society organizations of the importance of strategic communication in marketing, it is not implemented enough due to lack of human resources and finances. The article discusses in detail the consequences of these findings.
Family Businesses' Culture and Innovativeness of Successors
Authors: Letonja Marina , Duh Mojca
Published: November 2020

The article empirically examines the relationship between family businesses’ culture and successors’ innovativeness. The research results demonstrate that the family business culture of individual orientation is perceived by successors as very important for their innovativeness and positively influences their creativity and process innovations. The empirical evidence also supports our hypothesis that long-term orientation of the family businesses culture positively affects successors’ creativity, original thinking, experimenting with new ways of doing things, development of new ideas, new products and services. Research findings show that relationships between family businesses’ culture influenced by founders’ value system and successors’ innovativeness are complex.
Método electroquímico acoplado a espectrofotometría de absorción atómica para la determinación de arsénico en sedimento marino de la comuna de bajoalto
Authors: Romero-Bonilla Hugo , Redrovan Pesantez Felipe Fernando , Fernández-Martínez Lenys , Caiminagua-Capa Andrea , Echevarria Flores Jorge
Published: November 2020

En este trabajo se comunica el diseño y optimización de parámetros operacionales de una celda para generar electroquímicamente arsina (AsH3) gaseosa (g), fácilmente acoplable a un espectrofotómetro de absorción atómica; como técnica de introducción de muestra para la cuantificación de As en sedimentos marinos de la Comuna de Bajoalto, Provincia de El Oro, Ecuador los cuales están afectados por la contaminación debida a actividades antropogénicas. La exactitud, RSD y precisión dentro del método de cuantificación reportado en este estudio, se determinó As en materiales de referencia, optimizando un método de preparación de muestra basado en digestiones ácidas. Se obtuvo un límite de detección sobre cátodos de oro/mercurio (Au/Hg) de 0,027 μg L-1(ppb).
A szíriai polgárháború vége? Az újjáépítés gazdasági és politikai lehetőségei
Authors: Csicsmann László
Published: November 2020

Az Aszad-rezsim által 2019 decemberében a felkelők által ellenőrzött Idlib visszafoglalására indított offenzíva a polgárháború katonai szakaszának utolsó fejezetét jelentheti. Az elkövetkező időszakban nagyobb figyelmet kap a politikai rendezés kérdése, illetve a gazdasági újjáépítés. A szíriai konfliktusban érintett szereplők közül a jelentősebb geopolitikai súllyal bíró államok (Oroszország, Irán) nem rendelkeznek kellő gazdasági erőforrással a szíriai újjáépítés kapcsán. Ezzel szemben a geopolitikailag jelenleg kevésbé meghatározó államok (Amerikai Egyesült Államok, Európai Unió és az Öböl Menti Együttműködési Tanács államai) akadályozhatják az újjáépítés folyamatát. A tanulmány célja, hogy rámutasson az elmúlt évek politikai és gazdasági folyamataira, valamint a szíriai konfliktus geopolitikai és geoökonómiai összefüggéseire. Az Aszad-rezsim az elmúlt időszakban egy olyan háborús gazdaságot hozott létre, amely politikai figurák, üzletemberek és helyi katonai milíciák szövetségére építve egy működőképes állami modellt alkotott. Mindennek a fenntartása és támogatása nem érdeke sem a nyugati államoknak, sem számos regionális szereplőnek. Emellett azonban az Aszad-rezsimmel való kapcsolatok vonatkozásában a korábban ellenséges államok pragmatikus kapcsolatokat próbálnak kialakítani, amelynek egyik példája az Egyesült Arab Emirátusok, amely újranyitotta damaszkuszi diplomáciai képviseletét. Az elkövetkező években Szíria vonatkozásában tovább folytatódik a geoökonómiai rivalizálás, amely a konfliktus megoldását is kétségessé teszi.
Az orosz „szuverén internet” törvényről
Authors: Tölgyesi Beatrix
Published: November 2020

A tanulmány a 2019 novemberében hatályba lépett orosz szuverén internetről szóló törvényt elemezve ismerteti a törvény előzményeit, a törvénnyel kapcsolatos, az ellenzék, az államapparátus, a szakértők és az üzleti szereplők soraiból érkező kritikákat, a megvalósíthatóság gyakorlati korlátait, illetve a szabályozás lehetséges következményeit. Ezen túlmenően bemutatja orosz médiatörvénynek az online tartalmak cenzúrázása felé mutató módosítását is. Ezek alapján arra a következtetésre jut, hogy a jogi szabályok változása − bár az indoklás szerint a külső fenyegetések elhárítására irányul − lehetővé teszi a társadalmi elégedetlenség hatékonyabb kontrollálását, és ezáltal a jelenlegi vezetés hatalombirtoklásának biztosítását.
Possible role of glutathione peroxidase-3 and organic cation transporter-2 gene expressions in mediating protective effects of curcumin on cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors:   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran., Biabangard Abdolrahman , Khalaji Naser ,   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran, Bagheri Morteza ,   Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran, Pourheydar Bagher ,   Department of Anatomical Sciences, Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran, Abdollahzade Fard Amin ,   Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity may limit the clinical use of this drug. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the possible renoprotective effect of curcumin in cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: 1- control (0.5ml normal saline ip, daily for 10 constitutive days); 2- cisplatin (10mg/kg ip, single dose at the first day); 3- cisplatin + curcumin (10mg/kg ip, dissolved in 5% DMSO, daily for 10 constitutive days); 4- cisplatin + vehicle (5% DMSO, 0.3ml ip) and 5- curcumin (10mg/kg ip). At the end of the study, urine and blood samples were obtained for biochemical (BUN, creatinine, sodium and potassium) analysis. The right kidneys were kept in 10% formalin for H&E and TUNEL staining, and the left kidneys were used for type 2 organic cation transporter (OCT2) and type 3 glutathione peroxidase (GPx3) gene expression and malondialdehyde measurements. Results: Cisplatin significantly increased serum creatinine, BUN, potassium and kidney lipid peroxidation. However, the effect of cisplatin on Gpx3 and OCT2 gene expression was not statistically significant. Curcumin treatment decreased serum creatinine, BUN, and kidney lipid peroxidation, but increased GPx3 and OCT2 gene expression. Moreover, curcumin significantly reversed the cisplatin-induced kidney tissue injury and decreased apoptosis. Conclusion: It is concluded that the ameliorative effect of curcumin in cisplatin nephrotoxicity was assumed to be due to antioxidant effect of this agent. The role of curcumin in mediating uptake of cisplatin is still unclear.
СТАН І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ЛІСОВОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ РЕСПУБЛІКИ КОМИ
Authors: Шишелов М. А.
Published: November 2020

The forestry complex is economically significant for the development of the Komi Republic. It is noticeably inferior to the fuel and energy complex, but it plays an important social role in the forest regions of the republic, where it not only creates employment for the population, but also contributes to the development of municipalities through the creation of a tax base for local budgets. This provision updates the assessment of the current situation and possible development prospects. The purpose of the article is to analyze the state and development prospects of the forestry complex of the Komi Republic. The object of the research is the forest complex of the Komi Republic, which plays an important social role in the forest regions of the republic, where it not only creates employment for the population, but also contributes to the development of municipalities through the creation of a tax base for local budgets. Research hypothesis - an increase in the output of timber products is ensured by the implementation of priority investment projects in the field of forest development in the Komi Republic and the modernization of existing enterprises. Methods used in the study. The study of the state of the forest complex in the region was carried out on the basis of a retrospective analysis of data and expert assessments. Its methodological features are: structuring the efficiency of the forestry complex into production, socio-economic, and financial; using a set of indicators characterizing the specified aspects of efficiency. As a result, on a structured set of indicators, a characteristic of the forest complex of the Komi Republic was obtained, the effectiveness of activities and promising directions of development were determined. Presentation of the main material. It is shown that in the forest complex of the Komi Republic, projects are being implemented that are included in the federal list of priority investment projects in the field of forest development in Russia. Originality and practical significance of the research. The disappearance of small forest enterprises, first of all, negatively affects the social and economic situation of rural settlements of the republic, in which they are sometimes the only objects that provide an economic basis. But despite the modernization of existing enterprises and the creation of new ones, the commodity and industry structure of the complex continues to remain conservative with a predominance of timber and paper products of low and medium levels of redistribution. Conclusions. The technological level of production development remains insufficient, the share of innovative products with high added value is significantly inferior to countries with a developed forest industry. The prospects for the development of the forestry complex of the Komi Republic are determined by domestic and international factors of growth in the consumption of traditional products (lumber, plywood, paper) and new niches (wrapping paper, tall oil, turpentine, bioethanol, composite materials).
Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Regression Algorithms on Air Pollution Dataset
Authors: Upadhyay Sumit
Published: November 2020

Air pollution has both acute and chronic effects on human health, affecting a number of different systems and organs. Examining and protecting air quality has become one of the most essential activities for the government in many industrial and urban areas today. Air pollutants, such as carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone (O(3)), heavy metals, and respirable particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), differ in their chemical composition, reaction properties, emission, time of disintegration and ability to diffuse in long or short distances. The main objective of this paper to build a model for predicting Air Quality Index(AQI) of the specific cities using various types of machine learning algorithms namely Multiple Linear Regression, K Nearest Neighbours(KNN), Support Vector Machine(SVM) and Decision Tree. And also evaluate and compare the performance of every algorithm based on their accuracy score and errors. Air Pollution dataset is publicly available on different government sites. The implementation phase dataset is divided as 80% for the training of different models and the rest of the dataset is used for testing the model.
Multilevel Intrusion Detection System with Affinity Clustering and Ensemble SVM
Authors: Patidar Sadhana , Parihar Priyanka , Agrawal Chetan
Published: November 2020

Now-a-days with growing applications over internet increases the security issues over network. Many security applications are designed to cope with such security concerns but still it required more attention to improve speed as well accuracy. With advancement of technologies there is also evolution of new threats or attacks in network. So, it is required to design such detection system that can handle new threats in network. One of the network security tools is intrusion detection system which is used to detect malicious data packets. Machine learning tool is also used to improve efficiency of network-based intrusion detection system. In this paper, an intrusion detection system is proposed with an application of machine learning tools. The proposed model integrates feature reduction, affinity clustering and multilevel Ensemble Support Vector Machine. The proposed model performance is analyzed over two datasets i.e. NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB 15 dataset and achieved approx. 12% of efficiency over other existing work.