bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social performance and impact assessment of an autonomous system in the meat processing sector
Authors: Valente Clara , Danielsen Rannvá , Woodhouse Anna , Johnsen Fredrik Moltu , Forsberg Ellen-Marie
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The automation of pork processing through robotics raises important societal concerns regarding working conditions of slaughterhouse workers and impacts on local communities. This article aims to evaluate the social performance and impacts of implementing an Autonomous Robotic System (ARS) for meat processing, comparing pre- and post-implementation scenarios.

Methods

The methodology of Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) was applied to the European pork processing sector, focusing on stakeholder categories Workers and Local Community. These were assessed with nine social subcategories in total and 22 corresponding indicators, which were scored to assess the technology in question against a reference scale where each score level has clearly established criteria. The data collection strategy combined a survey, individual interviews, and focus group interviews as well as secondary data collected from desktop research and database data.

Results and discussion

The results suggest a considerable improvement in social performance and impacts when moving from the conventional meat processing scenario to the ARS. All subcategories from both stakeholder categories scored higher in the post-ARS scenario. The most improved social subcategories were Health and safety and Access to immaterial resources. A considerable improvement was identified in social subcategories Working hours, Freedom of association and collective bargaining, and Fair salary. A modest improvement was identified in social subcategories Equal opportunities and discrimination, Employment relationship, and Migration and delocalisation. The ARS is anticipated to mitigate injury risks that workers are exposed to in a conventional meat factory and to reduce sick leave but will also necessitate training and close collaboration between unions and management teams.

Conclusions

Using a reference scale approach, we identified an improvement of the social performance in the pork processing industry post-ARS implementation, both for Workers and Local community. It is important to pay attention to social impacts and performances when introducing new technology such as automation, robotics, and artificial intelligence to ensure that these do not have unintended social impacts and/or poor social performance.

Graphical Abstract
Understanding as Usability and Context-Sensitivity to Interests
Authors: Søndergaard Andreas
Published: December 2023

Is understanding subject to a factivity constraint? That is, must the agent’s representation of some subject matter be accurate in order for her to understand that subject matter? ‘No’, I argue in this paper. As an alternative, I formulate a novel manipulationist account of understanding. Rather than correctly representing, understanding, on this account, is a matter of being able to manipulate a representation of the world to satisfy contextually salient interests. This account of understanding is preferable to factivism, I argue, mainly for simplicity reasons. While it explains the intuitive data about understanding as successfully as factivist accounts, it is simpler by virtue of reducing the value truth bestows on understanding to that of usability.
Implication of community-level ecophysiological parameterization to modelling ecosystem productivity: a case study across nine contrasting forest sites in eastern China
Authors: Fang Minzhe , Cheng Changjin , He Nianpeng , Si Guoxin , Sun Osbert Jianxin
Published: December 2023

Parameterization is a critical step in modelling ecosystem dynamics. However, assigning parameter values can be a technical challenge for structurally complex natural plant communities; uncertainties in model simulations often arise from inappropriate model parameterization. Here we compared five methods for defining community-level specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf C:N across nine contrasting forest sites along the North–South Transect of Eastern China, including biomass-weighted average for the entire plant community (AP_BW) and four simplified selective sampling (biomass-weighted average over five dominant tree species [5DT_BW], basal area weighted average over five dominant tree species [5DT_AW], biomass-weighted average over all tree species [AT_BW] and basal area weighted average over all tree species [AT_AW]). We found that the default values for SLA and leaf C:N embedded in the Biome-BGC v4.2 were higher than the five computational methods produced across the nine sites, with deviations ranging from 28.0 to 73.3%. In addition, there were only slight deviations (< 10%) between the whole plant community sampling (AP_BW) predicted NPP and the four simplified selective sampling methods, and no significant difference between the predictions of AT_BW and AP_BW except the Shennongjia site. The findings in this study highlights the critical importance of computational strategies for community-level parameterization in ecosystem process modelling, and will support the choice of parameterization methods.
The potential for an old-growth forest to store carbon in the topsoil: A case study at Sasso Fratino, Italy
Authors: Chiti Tommaso , Benilli Nicola , Mastrolonardo Giovanni , Certini Giacomo
Published: December 2023

There is considerable interest devoted to old-growth forests and their capacity to store carbon (C) in biomass and soil. Inventories of C stocks in old-growth forests are carried out worldwide, although there is a lack of information on their actual potential for C sequestration. To further understand this, soil organic carbon (SOC) was measured in one of Italy’s best-preserved old-growth forests, the Sasso Fratino Integral Nature Reserve. This reserve is on the World Heritage List along with other ancient beech forests of Europe, and it is virtually untouched due to the steepness of the terrain, even before legal constraints were imposed. Although the sandstone-derived soils are often shallow, they are rich in organic matter. However, no quantification had been carried out. By systematically sampling the topsoil across the forest, we accurately determined the average amount of SOC (62.0 ± 16.9 Mg ha–1) and nitrogen (4.0 ± 1.2 Mg ha–1) in the top 20 cm. Using the CENTURY model, future dynamics of SOC stocks were predicted to 2050 according to two climate scenarios, A1F1 and B2, the first of high concern and the second more optimistic. The model projected an increase of 0.2 and 0.3 Mg ha–1 a–1 by 2030 under the A1F1 and B2 scenarios, respectively, suggesting that the topsoil in old-growth forests does not reach equilibrium but continues accumulating SOC. However, from 2030 to 2050, a decline in SOC accumulation is predicted, indicating SOC net loss at high altitudes under the worst-case scenario. This study confirms that soils in old-growth forests play a significant role in carbon sequestration. It also suggests that climate change may affect the potential of these forests to store SOC not only in the long term but also in the coming years.
Genome wide investigation of Hsf gene family in Phoebe bournei: identification, evolution, and expression after abiotic stresses
Authors: Liao Wenhai , Tang Xinghao , Li Jingshu , Zheng Qiumian , Wang Ting , Cheng Shengze , Chen Shiping , Cao Shijiang , Cao Guangqiu
Published: December 2023

Heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) have important roles during plant growth and development and responses to abiotic stresses. The identification and function of Hsf genes have been thoroughly studied in various herbaceous plant species, but not woody species, especially Phoebe bournei, an endangered, unique species in China. In this study, 17 members of the Hsf gene family were identified from P. bournei using bioinformatic methods. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PbHsf genes were grouped into three subfamilies: A, B, and C. Conserved motifs, three-dimensional structure, and physicochemical properties of the PbHsf proteins were also analyzed. The structure of the PbHsf genes varied in the number of exons and introns. Prediction of cis-acting elements in the promoter region indicated that PbHsf genes are likely involved in responses to plant hormones and stresses. A collinearity analysis demonstrated that expansions of the PbHsf gene family mainly take place via segmental duplication. The expression levels of PbHsf genes varied across different plant tissues. On the basis of the expression profiles of five representative PbHsf genes during heat, cold, salt, and drought stress, PbHsf proteins seem to have multiple functions depending on the type of abiotic stress. This systematic, genome-wide investigation of PbHsf genes in P. bournei and their expression patterns provides valuable insights and information for further functional dissection of Hsf proteins in this endangered, unique species.
Global vs Blow-Up Solutions and Optimal Threshold for Hyperbolic ODEs with Possibly Singular Nonlinearities
Authors: Cassani Daniele , Miyasita Tosiya
Published: December 2023

We consider a hyperbolic ordinary differential equation perturbed by a nonlinearity which can be singular at a point and in particular this includes MEMS type equations. We first study qualitative properties of the solution to the stationary problem. Then, for small value of the perturbation parameter as well as initial value, we establish the existence of a global solution by means of the Lyapunov function and we show that the omega limit set consists of a solution to the stationary problem. For strong perturbations or large initial values, we show that the solution blows up. Finally, we discuss the relationship between upper bounds of the perturbation parameter for the existence of time-dependent and stationary solutions, for which we establish an optimal threshold.
Preoperative dental screening can reduce periprosthetic infections of hip and knee endoprostheses in the first month after surgery: results of a cohort study
Authors: Fenske Fabian , Kujat Benjamin , Krause Leah , Meyer Stephan , Sander Anna-Katharina , Repmann Jaqueline , Neuhaus Michael , Haak Rainer , Roth Andreas , Lethaus Bernd , Ziebolz Dirk , Schmalz Gerhard
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The oral cavity and, in particular, potential oral foci might pose a risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). The aim of this cohort study was to determine whether practical preoperative dental screening would reduce the prevalence of early PJI in the first month after surgery.

Methods

Patients attending a specialized endoprosthesis implantation clinic between 2018 and 2022 were recruited. Two groups were examined. The test group consisted of patients attending the clinic between 2020 and 2022 and who were referred to their family dentist using a standardized form. The comparison group consisted of patients who were treated in the clinic between 2018 and 2020. They were not referred to their family dentist. The two groups were compared for the prevalence of PJI. Univariate analysis followed by multiple logistic regression was performed to confirm risk factors for PJI in this cohort.

Results

2560 individuals (test group: 1227, comparison group: 1333) were included. The prevalence of PJI was significantly lower in the test group (0.8% vs. 1.8%, p = 0.04). Multiple logistic regression with PJI as the dependent variable showed that a dental referral was a strong predictor of a lower prevalence of PJI (OR: 0.43, CI95 0.205–0.917, p = 0.03). Male gender was also strongly associated with a higher frequency of PJI (OR: 2.68, CI95 1.32–5.42, p = 0.01). Age (OR: 1.06, CI95 1.01–1.10, p = 0.01) and BMI (OR: 1.11, CI95 1.05–1.17, p < 0.01) had little effect on the risk of PJI.

Conclusion

Dental referral using a standardized form can reduce the prevalence of early PJI. Accordingly, orthopedists and dentists should collaborate in this practical way.
Modeling Synchronization for Detecting Collaborative Learning Process Using a Pedagogical Conversational Agent: Investigation Using Recurrent Indicators of Gaze, Language, and Facial Expression
Authors: Hayashi Yugo
Published: December 2023

Constructive interactions and knowledge integration activities are methods commonly used for learning; however, establishing successful coordination becomes a hurdle in computer-mediated collaborations. The development of systems to facilitate communication activities in such situations has been attempted, but models are still required for capturing learners’ interactions and detecting their quality. This study explored several types of verbal and nonverbal behaviors of learners that can be implemented while designing tutoring systems to effectively capture their interaction processes in scenarios where learners engage in collaborative learning mediated by a pedagogical conversational agent (PCA). This study focused on the degree of behavior recurrence of each speaker, which is considered suitable for observing levels of effectiveness. Specifically, this study focused on three indicators—gaze synchronization, language conformance, and emotional matching through facial expression—to establish a system-based index for measuring learners’ collaborative processes such as synchronization. This study experimentally examined the relationship between these indicators and the performance and process of collaborative learning among 44 learners while using PCA for facilitation. Subsequently, numerous dependent variables in the collaborative learning process were predicted using the three proposed indicators. However, no significant correlation was established between learning performance and the indicators used. These findings show that the recurrence of indicators is useful for estimating the collaborative learning process and that these indicators can be used in the development of learning support systems to trace learners’ achievements in successful interactions.
Recent Advances in Patterning Strategies for Full-Color Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Gwang Heon , Kim Kiwook , Kim Yunho , Yang Jiwoong , Choi Moon Kee
Published: December 2023

Metal halide perovskites have emerged as promising light-emitting materials for next-generation displays owing to their remarkable material characteristics including broad color tunability, pure color emission with remarkably narrow bandwidths, high quantum yield, and solution processability. Despite recent advances have pushed the luminance efficiency of monochromic perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) to their theoretical limits, their current fabrication using the spin-coating process poses limitations for fabrication of full-color displays. To integrate PeLEDs into full-color display panels, it is crucial to pattern red–green–blue (RGB) perovskite pixels, while mitigating issues such as cross-contamination and reductions in luminous efficiency. Herein, we present state-of-the-art patterning technologies for the development of full-color PeLEDs. First, we highlight recent advances in the development of efficient PeLEDs. Second, we discuss various patterning techniques of MPHs (i.e., photolithography, inkjet printing, electron beam lithography and laser-assisted lithography, electrohydrodynamic jet printing, thermal evaporation, and transfer printing) for fabrication of RGB pixelated displays. These patterning techniques can be classified into two distinct approaches: in situ crystallization patterning using perovskite precursors and patterning of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals. This review highlights advancements and limitations in patterning techniques for PeLEDs, paving the way for integrating PeLEDs into full-color panels.
Study on the fault slip rule and the rockburst mechanism induced by mining the panel through fault
Authors: Kong Peng , Wang Changxiang , Xing Luyi , Liang Min , He Jin
Published: December 2023

When mining near the fault can cause the fault to slip and release energy, resulting in rockburst and posing a significant safety risk to coal mine production. This paper proposes a numerical simulation method, based on FLAC3D numerical simulation, for calculating the dynamic response of fault slip below the impact of mining. The release patterns of energy from fault slip are compared between mining via the fault from the hanging wall and mining via the fault from the footwall. The dynamic response characteristics of coal and rock mass under the disturbance of fault slip induced dynamic loading are revealed. This research suggests that the fault slip seismic moment (M0) of the panel mined via the fault from footwall is substantially higher than from hanging wall. Moreover, the disturbance of the footwall panel mining via the fault leads to a more severe disturbance of the surrounding rock mass, resulting in a higher risk of rockburst. Plastic failure of the rock surrounded in the mining area under the strong dynamic loading of fault slip leads to a significant reduction in peak abutment stress, releasing tremendous energy. When the disturbance caused by fault slip dynamic load is relatively small, the maximum abutment stress increases, and the dynamic load increases the energy storage of surrounding rock. Based on energy theory, an energy criterion for the occurrence of fault slip type rockburst has been proposed. The results suggest that strong fault slip dynamic load has an obvious inducing effect on rockburst, and the stronger the dynamic load and greater static load of the rock, the more the manifestation of rockburst.
Mechanism of surrounding rock failure in impact stress and in-situ stress in circular tunnel
Authors: Zhou Jun , Zhao Guangming , Meng Xiangrui , Dong Chunliang , Qiao Yang , Yu Meilu
Published: December 2023

With depth increase of many mines, the damage of surrounding rock by high ground stress cannot be ignored under the blasting excavation method. In view of the strong disturbance of surrounding rock caused by dynamic excavation and unloading under high initial rock stress conditions, based on the elastic unloading theory, the analytical solution of dynamic excavation and unloading stress is given using the residue theorem and Laplace inverse transform. The stress field distribution under the coupling effect of blasting load and initial rock stress is described. By making a rock model and implementing biaxial loading using a drop hammer to simulate the impact load, radial cracks generated by the impact stress wave and circumferential cracks generated by unloading during excavation were captured, and the stress change curve during excavation was monitored. The monitoring curve and theoretical curve have consistency in trend. Under the coupling effect of blasting load and initial stress, surrounding rock will generate tensile stress and broken, and the unloading effect of initial stress occurs after the blasting load, which causes tensile damage to the surrounding rock. The stress field curve plotted by the theory explains well the crack propagation caused by the coupling effect of blasting load and initial stress.
Evaluation of adsorption and corrosion inhibition properties of Solanum Macrocarpon leaves extract on mild steel in sulphuric acid solutions
Authors: Ezugha Stephen Ifeanyi , Aralu Chiedozie Chukwuemeka
Published: December 2023

Corrosion of mild steel (MS) in industries has become a menace that has led to the use of organic green inhibitors from plant origin, which is seen as a cheap, eco-friendly substitute for inorganic inhibitors. This work employed Solanum macrocarpon (SM) methanol leaf extract as a green inhibitor using a gravimetric method at 303–323 K, respectively. The phytochemical screening was done using standard methods to identify the phytochemical compounds in the leave extract. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was also done to elucidate the functional groups that contain heteroatoms responsible for the inhibition efficiency. The effectiveness of the inhibition efficiency increased with concentration and decreased with rising temperature. The results demonstrated that Solanum macrocarpon leaf methanol extract is an effective mild steel corrosion inhibitor in 0.5 M H2SO4. 95% optimum inhibition efficiency (I.E) was observed at 0.5% w/v concentration for 303 K. The inhibition potential was attributed to the phytochemical compounds in the leaf extract, which contain polar functional groups and hetero-atoms in their structures. The $${E}_{a}$$

E
a

and $$\Delta {G}_{ads}$$

Δ

G

ads

showed that the adsorption mechanism followed physisorption. The results showed the potential use of SM methanol extract as a corrosion inhibitor in mild steel, which can decrease corrosion in industries.
The cross-sectional stock return predictions via quantum neural network and tensor network
Authors: Kobayashi Nozomu , Suimon Yoshiyuki , Miyamoto Koichi , Mitarai Kosuke
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we investigate the application of quantum and quantum-inspired machine learning algorithms to stock return predictions. Specifically, we evaluate the performance of quantum neural network, an algorithm suited for noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers, and tensor network, a quantum-inspired machine learning algorithm, against classical models such as linear regression and neural networks. To evaluate their abilities, we construct portfolios based on their predictions and measure investment performances. The empirical study on the Japanese stock market shows the tensor network model achieves superior performance compared to classical benchmark models, including linear and neural network models. Though the quantum neural network model attains the lowered risk-adjusted excess return than the classical neural network models over the whole period, both the quantum neural network and tensor network models have superior performances in the latest market environment, which suggests capability of model’s capturing non-linearity between input features.
A comprehensive literature review of the applications of AI techniques through the lifecycle of industrial equipment
Authors: Elahi Mahboob , Afolaranmi Samuel Olaiya , Martinez Lastra Jose Luis , Perez Garcia Jose Antonio
Published: December 2023

Driven by the ongoing migration towards Industry 4.0, the increasing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) has empowered smart manufacturing and digital transformation. AI enhances the migration towards industry 4.0 through AI-based decision-making by analyzing real-time data to optimize different processes such as production planning, predictive maintenance, quality control etc., thus guaranteeing reduced costs, high precision, efficiency and accuracy. This paper explores AI-driven smart manufacturing, revolutionizing traditional approaches and unlocking new possibilities throughout the major phases of the industrial equipment lifecycle. Through a comprehensive review, we delve into a wide range of AI techniques employed to tackle challenges such as optimizing process control, machining parameters, facilitating decision-making, and elevating maintenance strategies within the major phases of an industrial equipment lifecycle. These phases encompass design, manufacturing, maintenance, and recycling/retrofitting. As reported in the 2022 McKinsey Global Survey (https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/quantumblack/our-insights/the-state-of-ai-in-2022-and-a-half-decade-in-review), the adoption of AI has witnessed more than a two-fold increase since 2017. This has contributed to an increase in AI research within the last six years. Therefore, from a meticulous search of relevant electronic databases, we carefully selected and synthesized 42 articles spanning from 01 January 2017 to 20 May 2023 to highlight and review the most recent research, adhering to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, and shedding light on the latest trends and popular AI techniques adopted by researchers. This includes AI techniques such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), Bayesian Networks, Support Vector Machines (SVM) etc., which are extensively discussed in this paper. Additionally, we provide insights into the advantages (e.g., enhanced decision making) and challenges (e.g., AI integration with legacy systems due to technical complexities and compatibilities) of integrating AI across the major stages of industrial equipment operations. Strategically implementing AI techniques in each phase enables industries to achieve enhanced productivity, improved product quality, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability. This exploration of the potential of AI in smart manufacturing fosters agile and resilient processes, keeping industries at the forefront of technological advancements and harnessing the full potential of AI-driven solutions to improve manufacturing processes and products.
Higher-order soliton solutions for the Sasa–Satsuma equation revisited via $$\bar{\partial }$$ method
Authors: Kuang YongHui , Mao Bolin , Wang Xin
Published: December 2023

In optics, the Sasa–Satsuma equation can be used to model ultrashort optical pulses. In this paper higher-order soliton solutions for the Sasa–Satsuma equation with zero boundary condition at infinity are analyzed by $$\bar{\partial }$$

∂

¯

method. The explicit determinant form of a soliton solution which corresponds to a single $$p_{l}$$

p
l

-th order pole is given. Besides the interaction related to one simple pole and the other one double pole is considered.
Wing rock mode and its mechanism of a flying-wing aircraft
Authors: Li Xiao , Feng Li-Hao , Wang Qi-Ming
Published: December 2023

The flying wing is an aerodynamic configuration with high efficiency, but the lack of lateral-directional stability has always been an obstacle that limits its application. In this study, the wing rock motion of a 65° swept flying-wing aircraft is studied via wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations at a low speed, and various unsteady motion phenomena are focused on. Both the experimental and numerical results show that the flying wing has a bicyclic

${C_l}$

–

$\phi $

hysteresis loop during its wing rock, different from the slender delta wing, rectangular wing, generic aircraft configuration, etc., which have a tricyclic hysteresis loop. This form of hysteresis loop implies a different energy exchange manner of the flying wing in the wing rock oscillation. Further analysis shows that the flying wing forms a unilateral leading-edge vortex (LEV) under a high roll angle, with its wing rock oscillation driven by the ‘vortex–shear-layer’ structure, which is different from that of slender and non-slender delta wings. Moreover, the quantitative dynamic hysteresis characteristics of the LEV's strength and location for the flying wing and the slender delta wing are also different. These results have proven the existence of a wing rock mode which is different from previous investigations, which enriches the understanding of self-induced oscillation. Present discoveries are also conducive to the aerodynamic shape design and flight manipulation of a flying-wing aircraft, which is significant for its wider application.
From Missionary Zeal to Holiday Appeal: Summer School, Professionalization, and Teachers in Canada, 1915-1959
Authors: McLean Scott
Published: December 2023

For over forty years, presidents of the Summer School Association of Queen’s University wrote annually to teachers across Canada, encouraging them to attend summer courses for credit toward a bachelor of arts. In the 1920s, presidents’ messages associated attendance with societal progress and the professionalization of teaching. In the 1930s, such messages linked attendance with personal growth and career development. In the 1940s and 1950s, they linked attendance with having an enjoyable summer vacation. This article analyzes how and why these messages evolved and argues that the underlying structure of the messages remained consistent: they were means through which Queen’s Summer School Association presidents marked symbolic boundaries between more and less professional teachers. This article contributes to our understanding of the social history of teacher education by interpreting a unique primary data source to explore the participation of teachers themselves in the construction of symbolic boundaries marking professional status.
Early acquisition of syntactic variation: Lexical conditioning of Spanish variable clitic placement
Authors: Requena Pablo E.
Published: December 2023

This paper examines how children acquire Spanish variable clitic placement (VCP), a lexically conditioned phenomenon whereby clitics may precede or follow complex verb phrases. Research on how children acquire truly syntactic variable phenomena suggests that they either generalize one variant initially or they match the variation in the input from the beginning. Here I examine how children acquire the lexical conditioning of Spanish VCP. A corpus study of naturalistic conversations between parents and young children suggests that from the earliest ages examined (2;0-3;0) children display lexically-specific patterns that seem to be fine-tuned by the early school years. Experimental results using two different elicitation techniques with children ages 4;0-7;0 provide further support for early acquisition of the lexical conditioning of VCP and some evidence for fine-tuning during this age window. Thus, methodological triangulation enables detection of variable use where children would otherwise show categorical use of variants with infrequent syntactic phenomena, such as Spanish VCP.
Prevalence of anxiety and depression in adult patients with CHD
Authors: Keshavarzi Reza , Divsalar Parisa , Aliramezany Maryam
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

CHD are among the most common congenital defects. Due to the chronic nature of CHD, patients face various risk factors that threaten their mental health. However, a comprehensive understanding of the medical and social predictors of mental health issues in adults with CHD is lacking. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in adults with CHD.

Methods:

This cross-sectional descriptive study focused on adults with CHD in Kerman, Iran. The participants completed demographic information alongside two psychological assessment tools: the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS)-21. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26.

Findings:

The mean age of the participants was 29.94 ± 12.36 years, and 63.8% were female. According to the DASS, 73.4% did not have depression, 61% did not have anxiety, and 76.2% did not have stress. In total, 19% had mild stress, and 4.8% had moderate stress. According to the BAI, 27.6% did not have anxiety. Individual characteristics were not significantly associated with depression. However, gender, age, and type of surgery were significantly associated with anxiety. Cyanosis was significantly associated with stress.

Conclusion:

The results show that mental disorders like depression, anxiety, and stress are highly prevalent in adults with CHD. The prevalence depends on individual factors such as age, gender, and disease severity. Therefore, it is recommended that mental disorders in this population be evaluated and treated accurately.
Creating Synergies between International Law and Rights of Nature
Authors: Gilbert Jérémie
Published: December 2023

Against the backdrop of failing environmental governance, rights of nature (RoN) are lauded as the paradigm shift needed to transform law's approach to nature. RoN have been increasingly proclaimed at the domestic level but remain mostly absent from international law. As examined in this article, this is notably as a result of some profound incompatibilities between international law and RoN, including the fact that most international treaties approach nature as a resource to be owned, exploited or protected for the sake of humans. However, despite this dominant approach to nature, some areas of international law, notably under the leadership of Indigenous peoples, are starting to acknowledge a more relational approach to nature, putting forward concepts of care, kinship, and representation of nature in international law. Building on these developments, this article offers a reflection on potential synergies between RoN and international law, specifically by changing the latter's approach to nature. It argues that some of the RoN concepts concerning duty of care, institutional representation of nature's voice, and ecocentrism could serve as a platform to reinterpret some of the anthropocentric principles of international law, creating some potential synergies between RoN and international law.
A Diagnostic Study on the Formation of Double Eyewalls of Typhoon Lekima (2019) Based on POES Microwave and GOES Infrared Observations
Authors: Hu Yanyang , Zou Xiaolei
Published: December 2023

Microwave observations of brightness temperature (TB) from multiple polar‐orbiting operational environmental satellite imagers and infrared observations of geostationary operational environmental satellite Himawari‐8 imager are used to investigate characteristic features of secondary eyewall evolution of Typhoon Lekima (2019). It is found that microwave observations showed a longer duration time of concentric double eyewalls than Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) infrared observations, due to a stronger cloud penetration capability of microwave than infrared observations. The AHI infrared observations with high temporal and horizontal resolutions captured several actively propagating inner spiral rainbands before the secondary eyewall formation (SEF) of Lekima (2019). They are characterized by a wavenumber‐1 asymmetry propagating radially outward and wavenumbers‐2 and ‐3 asymmetries propagating anticlockwise. The wavenumber‐2 asymmetry approximates an azimuthal phase speed of wavenumber‐2 vortex Rossby wave. Later, an outer spiral rainband experienced an obvious axisymmetrization, then merged with multiple inner spiral rainbands propagating radially outward from the primary eyewall. The stagnation radius of these inner spiral rainbands coincides with the location of the highly symmetric outer spiral rainband, which accelerated the SEF. It is suggested that the SEF of Typhoon Lekima (2019) results from a concerted activity of inner and outer spiral rainbands.
Notebooks Now! The Future of Reproducible Research
Authors: Caprarelli Graziella , Sedora Brian , Ricci Mia , Stall Shelley , Giampoala Matthew
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we introduce a new ambitious project led by AGU in collaboration with Wiley and Curvenote and a team of geoscientists, computer and data scientists. The project, aptly called Notebooks Now!, aims to develop an end‐to‐end workflow for the preparation, submission, peer‐review and publication of Earth and space science papers, based on computational notebooks, specifically Jupyter Notebooks or R Markdown. The idea, first proposed by Dr. Peter Fox, Editor in Chief of Earth and Space Science from 2019 to early 2021, is to revolutionize the way data‐ and computation‐rich scientific research is performed and published. The vision is to establish the computational notebook as the centerpiece of the scientific work, around which the manuscript is then written. In this model, the notebook is the primary publication, accompanied by a static “traditional” paper as the enduring archive. Advantages of this model include: ease of editing of data and code during manuscript writing and revision; open access to the same by reviewers and readers; prompt reusability and repurposing of research outputs by other researchers; access to sophisticated computational tools by the global community; “multiplier effect” of the research. The model thus fulfills the findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable principles of scientific publishing, and commits to Open Science. This is part of AGU's strategic initiative to accelerate openly accessible scientific contributions to sustainable development.
Ultraviolet and Visible Reflectance Spectra of Phobos and Deimos as Measured by the ExoMars‐TGO/NOMAD‐UVIS Spectrometer
Authors: Mason J. P. , Patel M. R. , Pajola M. , Cloutis E. D. , Alday J. , Olsen K. S. , Marriner C. , Holmes J. A. , Sellers G. , Thomas N. , Almeida M. , Read M. , Nakagawa H. , Thomas I. R. , Ristic B. , Willame Y. , Depiesse C. , Daerden F. , Vandaele A. C. , Lopez‐Moreno J. J. , Bellucci G.
Published: December 2023

Spectroscopic measurements are a powerful tool to investigate the surface composition of airless bodies and provide clues of their origin. The composition and origin of Phobos and Deimos are still unknown and are currently widely debated. We present spectroscopic measurements of Phobos and Deimos at ultraviolet and visible wavelengths (250–650 nm) made by the NOMAD‐Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrometer (UVIS) on the ExoMars TGO mission. These new spectra cover multiple areas on Phobos and Deimos, and are of generally higher spectral resolution and signal‐to‐noise than previous spectra, and extend to lower wavelengths than most previous measurements. The UVIS spectra confirm a red‐sloped spectrum lacking any strong absorption features; however, we confirm the presence of a previously identified absorption feature near 0.65 μm and tentative absorption near 0.45 μm. The observed Phobos and Deimos spectra are similar to D‐ and T‐type asteroids, adding weight to the captured asteroid hypothesis for the moons' origins. We also find, however, that the UVIS Phobos reflectance spectra of Phobos' red unit is a relatively close match to the olivine‐rich, highly shocked Mars meteorite NWA 2737, with a low overall reflectance, a red‐sloped spectrum, and lack of olivine‐associated absorption bands in the UVIS spectral range. This meteorite, however, exhibits spectral features at longer wavelengths that not observed in the Martian moon spectra, indicating a need for further investigation at longer wavelengths to interpret whether this material could inform our understanding of Phobos' origin.
Boulder Diversity in the Nightingale Region of Asteroid (101955) Bennu and Predictions for Physical Properties of the OSIRIS‐REx Sample
Authors: Jawin Erica R. , Ballouz Ronald‐L. , Ryan Andrew J. , Kaplan Hannah H. , McCoy Timothy J. , Al Asad Manar M. , Molaro Jamie L. , Rozitis Benjamin , Keller Lindsay P.
Published: December 2023

The sample of asteroid (101955) Bennu was collected from the Nightingale sample site by the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer spacecraft and arrived on Earth on 24 September 2023. To better understand Bennu's parent body, we identified boulders over 2 m in diameter around the Nightingale region and analyzed normal albedo, morphology, and surface roughness. We found that boulders can be separated into two groups based on albedo, and four groups using morphology including angularity, texture, and the presence or absence of clasts, layers, and bright spots: Type A is rounded, rugged, and clastic, with the highest root‐mean square deviation roughness; Type B is sub‐angular with intermediate roughness and polygonal surface fractures; Type C is angular, has distinct fractures, and the lowest roughness; and Type D is sub‐angular with intermediate roughness and bright spots. Unsupervised clustering algorithms showed that our Type A‐D classification represents the diversity in the morphology and albedo data. Using documented contacts between boulder groups, we conclude that boulders on Bennu originated on a single, heterogeneous parent body that experienced vertical mixing via impacts prior to or during its disruption. The boulder morphologies on Bennu bear striking resemblance to those on asteroid Ryugu, potentially suggesting a shared origin. Finally, from analyses of sample collection images, we predict that the sample will be heterogeneous in morphology, brightness, and degree of aqueous alteration and dominated by darker Type A and B material. These predictions are supported by initial analyses of the Ryugu sample.
Effects of Periodic Fluctuation of Water Level on Solute Transport in Seasonal Lakes in Poyang Floodplain System
Authors: Chen Hexiang , Zhang Zhongtian , Jin Guangqiu , Tang Hongwu , Zhang Siyi , Zhang Qi
Published: December 2023

Seasonal lakes appear in floodplain systems due to the seasonal variation of water level of rivers or main lakes and play an important ecological function. Previous studies have focused on exchange flux between the surface water and groundwater in seasonal lakes, but the process of solute transport at the sediment‐water interface under the effect of seasonal water level fluctuations remains unclear. In this study, laboratory flume experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to investigate non‐reactive solute transport and exchange in a seasonal lake under effects of hydrological connectivity, water level amplitude, sediment permeability and solute source. The results show that the recharge pattern between seasonal lakes and rivers or main lakes is determined by the seasonal water level. The solute transports from the groundwater of seasonal lakes to the main lake during the dry season, while the reverse applies during the wet season. The perennial hydrological isolation increases the concentration in the overlying water and pore water of the seasonal lake by 20.5% and 28.7%, respectively. The solute concentration in the overlying water and pore water of the seasonal lake decreases by 55.2% and 51.5%, respectively, when solute source occurs in the main lake compared with that occurs in the seasonal lake. The amplification of water level amplitudes leads to an increase of 6.46% and 10.55% in the solute concentration drop from the overlying water, respectively. These findings contribute to improving water resource utilization and protecting aquatic ecological environment in floodplain systems.
Estimation of Capillary‐Associated NAPL‐Water Interfacial Areas for Unconsolidated Porous Media by Kinetic Interface Sensitive (KIS) Tracer Method
Authors: Tatomir Alexandru , Gao Huhao , Abdullah Hiwa , Pötzl Christopher , Karadimitriou Nikolaos , Steeb Holger , Licha Tobias , Class Holger , Helmig Rainer , Sauter Martin
Published: December 2023

By employing kinetic interface sensitive (KIS) tracers, we investigate three different types of glass‐bead materials and three natural porous media systems to quantitatively characterize the influence of the porous‐medium grain‐, pore‐size and texture on the specific capillary‐associated interfacial area (FIFA) between an organic liquid and water. By interpreting the breakthrough curves (BTCs) of the reaction product of the KIS tracer hydrolysis, we obtain a relation for the specific IFA and wetting phase saturation. The immiscible displacement process coupled with the reactive tracer transport across the fluid–fluid interface is simulated with a Darcy‐scale numerical model. Linear relations between the specific capillary‐associated FIFA and the inverse mean grain diameter can be established for measurements with glass beads and natural soils. We find that the grain size has minimal effect on the capillary‐associated FIFA for unconsolidated porous media formed by glass beads. Conversely, for unconsolidated porous media formed by natural soils, the capillary‐associated FIFA linearly increases with the inverse mean grain diameter, and it is much larger than that from glass beads. This indicates that the surface roughness and the irregular shape of the grains can cause the capillary‐associated FIFA to increase. The results are also compared with the data collected from literature, measured with high resolution microtomography and partitioning tracer methods. Our study considerably expands the applicability range of the KIS tracers and enhances the confidence in the robustness of the method.
Versatile optical manipulation of trions, dark excitons and biexcitons through contrasting exciton-photon coupling
Authors: Li Zhe , Zhang Xin-Yuan , Ma Rundong , Fu Tong , Zeng Yan , Hu Chong , Cheng Yufeng , Wang Cheng , Wang Yun , Feng Yuhua , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Wang Ti , Liu Xiaoze , Xu Hongxing
Published: December 2023

Various exciton species in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as neutral excitons, trions (charged excitons), dark excitons, and biexcitons, have been individually discovered with distinct light-matter interactions. In terms of valley-spin locked band structures and electron-hole configurations, these exciton species demonstrate flexible control of emission light with degrees of freedom (DOFs) such as intensity, polarization, frequency, and dynamics. However, it remains elusive to fully manipulate different exciton species on demand for practical photonic applications. Here, we investigate the contrasting light-matter interactions to control multiple DOFs of emission light in a hybrid monolayer WSe2-Ag nanowire (NW) structure by taking advantage of various exciton species. These excitons, including trions, dark excitons, and biexcitons, are found to couple independently with propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) of Ag NW in quite different ways, thanks to the orientations of transition dipoles. Consistent with the simulations, the dark excitons and dark trions show extremely high coupling efficiency with SPPs, while the trions demonstrate directional chiral-coupling features. This study presents a crucial step towards the ultimate goal of exploiting the comprehensive spectrum of TMD excitons for optical information processing and quantum optics.
The BCL-2 inhibitor APG-2575 resets tumor-associated macrophages toward the M1 phenotype, promoting a favorable response to anti-PD-1 therapy via NLRP3 activation
Authors: Luo Fan , Li Han , Ma Wenjuan , Cao Jiaxin , Chen Qun , Lu Feiteng , Qiu Miaozhen , Zhou Penghui , Xia Zengfei , Zeng Kangmei , Zhan Jianhua , Zhou Ting , Luo Qiuyun , Pan Wentao , Zhang Lin , Lin Chaozhuo , Huang Yan , Zhang Li , Yang Dajun , Zhao Hongyun
Published: December 2023

The main challenges in the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are ascribed to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the lack of sufficient infiltration of activated CD8+ T cells. Transforming the tumor microenvironment (TME) from “cold” to “hot” and thus more likely to potentiate the effects of ICIs is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. We found that the selective BCL-2 inhibitor APG-2575 can enhance the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in syngeneic and humanized CD34+ mouse models. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we found that APG-2575 polarized M2-like immunosuppressive macrophages toward the M1-like immunostimulatory phenotype with increased CCL5 and CXCL10 secretion, restoring T-cell function and promoting a favorable immunotherapy response. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that APG-2575 directly binds to NF-κB p65 to activate NLRP3 signaling, thereby mediating macrophage repolarization and the activation of proinflammatory caspases and subsequently increasing CCL5 and CXCL10 chemokine production. As a result, APG-2575-induced macrophage repolarization could remodel the tumor immune microenvironment, thus improving tumor immunosuppression and further enhancing antitumor T-cell immunity. Multiplex immunohistochemistry confirmed that patients with better immunotherapeutic efficacy had higher CD86, p-NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 levels, accompanied by lower CD206 expression on macrophages. Collectively, these data provide evidence that further study on APG-2575 in combination with immunotherapy for tumor treatment is required.