bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stop codon readthrough contexts influence reporter expression differentially depending on the presence of an IRES
Authors: Yordanova Martina M. , Loughran Gary , Atkins John F. , Baranov Pavel V.
Published: September 2020

Background: Previously we reported the discovery of stop codon readthrough in AMD1 mRNA followed by ribosome stalling at the end of a conserved Open Reading Frame (AMD1 tail). To explain the severe suppression of reporters fused to AMD1 tail we proposed a mechanism invoking ribosome queueing. To test this hypothesis, we placed the reporter stop codon in the context of readthrough permissive sequences in a dual reporter vector with downstream reporter expression governed by EMCV IRES. In accordance with our hypothesis, we observed a striking disproportional reduction of upstream reporter activity in response to increased readthrough levels.

Methods: Here we employ dual luciferase assay and western blotting to explore the effects of AMD1 tail and control sequences on reporter expression in dual and monocistronic reporter vectors.      

Results:  With the dual reporter system, the disproportionate reduction of upstream reporter activity is not specific to AMD1 tail and occurs as long as the readthrough stop codon context is present at the end of the reporter’s ORF. The decreased reporter activity that appears to be induced by the readthrough sequence occurs only in reporters containing EMCV IRES. Monocistronic reporters with the same readthrough context sequence exhibit only a modest reduction in reporter activity. Furthermore, in monocistronic vectors, the disproportionate reduction of reporter levels greatly increased when AMD1 tail was translated as a result of readthrough. Such readthrough-mediated reduction was not observed when AMD1 tail was substituted with unrelated sequences in agreement with our original hypothesis.

Conclusions: While our findings provide little new information regarding the functional role of AMD1 tail, they raise caution for the use of viral IRES elements in expression vectors for studying mechanisms of mRNA translation. These findings may also be pertinent to the natural properties of readthrough permissive sequences and of IRES elements, though these require a separate investigation.
STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF A MONOLITHIC FLOOR OF A BUILDING AND CONTROL OF DESIGN DOCUMENTATION
Authors: Starcev Vladimir , Nikolenko S. , Sazonova Svetlana
Published: September 2020

The analysis of the quality of project documentation for the object "Reconstruction of an existing workshop for a shopping center in Voronezh on the street. Srednemoskovskaya 32B. Monolithic overlapping of the built-in floor in the axes 7-12 / AP. Section of the Kyrgyz Republic ”, with the aim of determining the conformity of project documentation to the requirements of technical regulations and other regulatory documents, compliance with which is a guarantee of construction quality. Analysis of project documentation is carried out on the basis of the detailed description of the project given in the article, technical regulations and regulatory documents, as well as the calculations necessary for the construction examination. As a result of the research, the authors of the article conclude that this project documentation complies with the existing construction standards and safety requirements.
Development of materials and radiation-resistant ECB based on KNS / KNI structures
Authors: Strukov I. , Grechanyy Sergey , Yagodkin A. , Chernikov Aleksey
Published: September 2020

The article deals with the problems of development and selection of materials based on the structures of KNS/CNI (silicon on insulator/ silicon on sapphire). The article describes the prospects of technology for designing and manufacturing chips based on ultra-thin silicon layers on a sapphire substrate (UTSi). The result of a comparative analysis of modern technologies for manufacturing KNI structures is presented.
INVERSION OF BACKSCATTER IONOGRAMS INTO QUASI-PARABOLIC IONOSPHERIC LAYER PARAMETERS
Authors: Ponomarchuk Sergey , Penzin Maksim
Published: September 2020

We present an inversion scheme of the backscatter signal leading edge into parameters of the quasi-parabolic electron density profile, which is based on the comparison of experimental and calculated minimum delays of scattered signals with corresponding distance to the skip zone border. Input parameters are frequency dependences of minimum group path of signal propagation, derived from processing and interpreting backscatter ionograms. For a fixed sounding frequency, the ionospheric parameter pair — the critical frequency and height of the F2-layer maximum — is defined as the intersection point of two curves representing solutions of minimization problems for discrepancy functionals of the minimum group path and the range to the skip zone border. Determining the ionospheric parameters by this inversion scheme on the sounding frequency grid allows us to construct a two-dimensional distribution of electron density in the direction of backscatter sounding.
Amplitude variations of the reflected signal during vertical sounding of the ionosphere at middle latitudes
Authors: Yusupov Kamil , Mathews John , Maruyama Takashi , Akchurin Adel , Tolstikov Maksim , Sherstyukov Oleg , Filippova Elena , Safiullin Anvar
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we discuss the main types of quasiperiodic variations in amplitudes of a reflected signal during vertical sounding of the ionosphere at middle latitudes. The initial experimental data is vertical sounding ionograms obtained by the Cyclone ionosonde. The ionosonde is located in Kazan (59°, 49°) and in standard mode allows us to receive one ionogram per minute. In the analysis, methods are used to visualize a large flow of ionograms in the form of final summary maps of the state of the ionosphere (A-, H-, As-maps). We give typical examples of quasiperiodic variations in amplitudes of a reflected signal in ionograms and on A-maps for various types of multipath beatings (polarization and due to signal scattering by ionospheric irregularities). Frequency properties of such beatings are used to estimate the difference in virtual reflection heights between modes of different polarizations with high accuracy, which makes it possible to refine the form of the electron density profile of the lower ionosphere. We have detected a phenomenon rare for the mid-latitude Es layer — beatings of two O modes with different virtual reflection heights. We also present features of quasiperiodic variations in amplitudes of a reflected signal on traces of the transient Es layer. We study possible causes of the appearance of such beatings.
Evidências de Validade da Escala de Autoeficácia da Bateria de Avaliação de Indicadores da Depressão Infantojuvenil
Authors: Nunes Daiane , Santos Laís , Faro André , Baptista Makilim Nunes
Published: September 2020

Este estudo analisou evidências de validade da Escala de Autoeficácia da Bateria de Avaliação de Indicadores da Depressão Infatojuvenil, avaliou a validade divergente da escala em relação à depressão e examinou a distribuição social da autoeficácia segundo as variáveis sexo, idade e ano escolar. A amostra consistiu de 388 adolescentes, com idades entre 14 e 19 anos que responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e à Escala de Autoeficácia. A Análise Fatorial Exploratória foi conduzida por meio do software Factor. Os resultados indicaram a unidimensionalidade da medida, explicando 56,3% de variância. Os índices de ajuste do modelo e o índice de confiabilidade foram satisfatórios. A avaliação da distribuição social mostrou que houve relações estatisticamente significativas quanto ao sexo e a idade. Constatou-se que a Escala de Autoeficácia apresentou boas propriedades psicométricas, o que recomenda seu uso por parte da comunidade científica e profissional para futuras pesquisas, intervenções e avaliações da autoeficácia em adolescentes.
Incidências da Psicanálise na Instituição: Dispositivos Clínicos para Crianças e Adolescentes com Transtornos Psíquicos Graves
Authors: Santos Volmir Mielczarski dos , D'Agord Marta Regina de Leão
Published: September 2020

No presente artigo, apresentamos os resultados de nossa pesquisa sobre as incidências da psicanálise nas equipes que atuam em instituições que atendem crianças e adolescentes. As reflexões sobre essas incidências são desenvolvidas desde a perspectiva da possibilidade de proposição de dispositivos clínicos para crianças e adolescentes com transtornos psíquicos graves. Nossa elaboração passa por um exercício da ampliação da práxis clínica psicanalítica que pode dar sustentação metodológica à proposição destes dispositivos clínicos. Nossa contribuição teórico-metodológica recupera o que Maud Mannoni (1988) denominou de "estouro" da instituição, praticado na Escola de Bonneuil desde 1969. Essa contribuição histórica repercute nos atuais processos da prática entre muitos. Essas práticas, realizadas atualmente em instituições no Brasil e em outros países, buscam orientar as intervenções não a partir das exigências dos especialistas, mas a partir da uma hipótese sobre a posição singular das crianças e adolescentes na relação como campo da fala e da linguagem.
Um convite para repensar a ignorância: sobre o exercício da função-orientador
Authors: Bocchetti André , Silva José Claudio Sooma
Published: September 2020

O artigo concentra o foco em dois principais tensionamentos que parecem um tanto especiais para compreender o exercício da função-orientador nas instituições universitárias. O primeiro diz respeito ao modo como pensamos a forma escolar; o segundo se refere à maneira como vislumbramos os lugares do texto e da escrita na relação acadêmica. Tal percurso investigativo foi estimulado pelo desejo de encontrar itinerâncias entre Michel Foucault e a Educação que, de algum modo, nos desafiem a (re)pensar aquilo que cotidianamente fazemos (ou deixamos de fazer) em nossos exercícios docentes na contemporaneidade.
A ludicidade ambiental no jogo probio: dimensões educativas nos portfólios do bioma campos sulinos como potencialidades reflexivas para a educação ambiental
Authors: Mendes Michel , Catelli Francisco
Published: September 2020

O Probio ou Jogo da Biodiversidade foi lançado em 2006 pelo Ministério do Meio Ambiente, produto de um subprojeto que tinha como finalidade a elaboração de materiais educativos de educação ambiental sobre temas prioritários elencados pelo Projeto de Conservação e Utilização Sustentável da Biodiversidade Biológica Brasileira. O jogo contempla 45 pares de portfólios que retratam situações verídicas de conflito socioambiental em biomas brasileiros e as ações positivas realizadas para a resolução dos problemas exemplificados, levando em consideração a perspectiva dialógico-problematizadora. Em vista disso, o objetivo deste artigo é explorar a ludicidade ambiental como ramo reflexivo emergente do campo da educação ambiental, a fim de situar as dimensões educativas de conflito e ação presentes nos portfólios do bioma Campos Sulinos do jogo Probio. O trabalho é de natureza qualitativa e caráter exploratório, e utiliza a pesquisa documental para investigar os portfólios, os quais são aprofundados à luz da Análise de Conteúdo. A partir da análise, identificamos a emergência de cinco dimensões educativas presentes nos portfólios conflito e ação: econômica, política, social, cultural e ambiental. Essas dimensões revelam a natureza geradora dos conflitos e a compreensão sistêmica necessária para a resolução das situações-problema.
MPB literária: ferramenta pedagógica para introdução aos estudos literários no segundo ciclo de ensino fundamental
Authors: Fiori Eneida Da Silva
Published: September 2020

Este relato apresenta uma análise sobre a Música Popular Brasileira como ferramenta pedagógica de ensino para a introdução aos estudos literários em turmas do segundo segmento do ensino fundamental. Para discutir tal questão, um projeto foi iniciado em duas turmas de pré-adolescentes de uma escola da rede privada, na cidade de São Gonçalo, no ano de 2011. Tal projeto propunha estimular o conhecimento sobre Literatura a partir de letras de músicas articuladas com outras expressões artísticas como poemas e pinturas. A partir das aulas ministradas e das atividades realizadas pelos alunos foi possível compreender como a música contribui de maneira positiva para o envolvimento e o interesse dos alunos com relação ao conteúdo proposto.
Toward Modeling of Nitrous Oxide Emissions Following Precipitation, Urine, and Feces Deposition on Beef Cattle Feedyard Surfaces
Authors: Parker David B. , Casey Kenneth D. , Hales Kristin E. , Waldrip Heidi M. , Min Byeng , Cortus Erin L. , Woodbury Bryan L. , Spiehs Mindy , Meyer Beverly , Willis William
Published: September 2020

Highlights

Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas emitted from feedyard pen surfaces.

Experiments were conducted to quantify nitrous oxide emissions from precipitation, urine, and feces.

Nitrous oxide emissions from urine were about 30% of those from equal amounts of precipitation.

Regression equations were developed for empirical modeling of emissions.

Abstract. The amount of moisture deposited annually as urine (~320 mm) and feces (~95 mm) on typical semi-arid Texas beef cattle feedyard pens is considerable compared to the regional 470 mm mean annual precipitation. Precipitation is a primary factor affecting nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from manure, but specific effects of urine and feces deposition are unknown. The objectives of this research were to (1) quantify N2O emissions following precipitation, urine, and feces deposition on a dry feedyard manure surface, and (2) develop equations for future empirical modeling of these emissions. Four experiments (Exp.) were conducted using recirculating flux chambers to quantify N2O emissions. Exp. 1 had treatments (TRT) of water (W), artificial urine (AU), and two urines collected from beef cattle fed high-quality forage (FU) or corn-based concentrate (CU). Exp. 2 had TRT of W, AU, and two feces levels (Fx1 and Fx2). In Exp. 3, N2O emissions were quantified from fresh feces pats. In Exp. 4, the effect of rainfall pH on N2O emissions was evaluated. Results from Exp. 1 showed that the W TRT had the highest mean cumulative N2O emission, while AU, FU, and CU ranged from 31.0% to 70.0% of W on an equal volume-applied basis. There was little correlation between N2O emissions and urine or water nitrogen (N) content. In Exp. 2, W again had the highest cumulative N2O. Cumulative N2O emissions expressed per unit of water added were 29.0, 3.8, 4.5, and 5.1 mg N kg-1 water added for W, AU, Fx1, and Fx2, respectively. In Exp. 3, fresh feces pats emitted no direct N2O, but N2O originated from the dry manure beneath the feces pat due to wetting. In Exp. 4, the highest N2O emissions occurred at pH 5 and pH 8, with lower emissions at pH 6 and pH 7. This research has shown that the addition of moisture to the pen surface from urine and feces contributes considerably to N2O emissions as compared to precipitation alone. The following recommendations were developed for future empirical modeling purposes: (1) N2O emissions from urine should be calculated as 32.7% of those emissions from the equivalent mass deposition of water, and (2) N2O emissions resulting from the mass of water in feces should be calculated as 15.6% of those emissions from the equivalent mass deposition of water. Keywords: Beef cattle, Greenhouse gas, Manure, Nitrous oxide, Urine, Precipitation.
Using Machine Learning to Integrate On-Farm Sensors and Agro-Meteorology Networks into Site-Specific Decision Support
Authors: Kelley Jason , McCauley Dalyn , Alexander G. Aaron , Gray Wilton F. , Siegfried Rylie , Oldroyd Holly J.
Published: September 2020

Highlights

Machine learning can incorporate a variety of data from low-cost sensors and estimate actual ET by comparison with short-term, higher-cost measurements.

On-farm weather monitoring can be leveraged to estimate site-specific crop-water requirements.

Expanding spatial coverage of weather and actual ET through on-farm monitoring will facilitate localization and leverage publicly available weather data to guide irrigation decisions and improve irrigation water management.

Abstract. One of the basic challenges to adopting science-based irrigation scheduling is providing reliable, site-specific estimates of actual crop water demand. While agro-meteorology networks cover most agricultural production areas in the U.S., widely spaced stations represent regionally specific, rather than site-specific, conditions. A variety of low to moderate cost commercial weather stations are available but do not provide directly useful information, such as actual evapotranspiration (ETa), or the ability to incorporate additional sensors. We demonstrate that machine learning methods can provide real-time, site-specific information about ETa and crop water demand using on-farm sensors and public weather information. Two years of field experiments were conducted at four irrigated field sites with crops including snap beans, alfalfa, and pasture. On-farm data were compared to publicly available data originating at nearby agro-meteorology network stations. The machine learning procedure can robustly estimate ETa using data from a few basic sensors, but the resulting estimate is sensitive to the range of conditions that are used as training data. The results demonstrate that machine learning can be used with affordable sensors and publicly available data to improve local estimates of crop water demand when high-quality measurements can be co-located for short periods of time. Supplementary sensors can also be integrated into a tailored monitoring plan to estimate crop stress and other operational considerations. Keywords: Agro-meteorology, Irrigation requirement, Machine learning, Site-specific Irrigation.
Couples’ daily childcare schedules: gendered patterns and variations
Authors: Henz Ursula
Published: September 2020

Gender inequality of childcare provision is regarded as one of the main barriers to women’s labour-market careers. However, there is a scarcity of quantitative studies that examine fathers’ and mothers’ combined childcare. This research focuses on father’s and mother’s timing and type of childcare for co-resident couples with a young child. Using the two most recent UK Time-Use Surveys, the study derives typologies of couples’ childcare patterns with a particular focus on gender differences. The five patterns on weekdays and three patterns on weekend days highlight gender inequalities not just in the duration of parents’ time with their children but also in its timing. Mothers are more often than fathers involved during standard working hours. The childcare patterns vary only modestly by occupational class. This might be related to the fluidity of couples’ daily childcare patterns, which change with children’s ages and across days of the working week.
‘Grandma is the next best thing to mommy’: incarcerated motherhood, caring relationships and maternal identity
Authors: Aiello Brittnie , McQueeney Krista
Published: September 2020

Incarcerated mothers face a role conflict rooted in separation from children. Little research has examined how incarcerated mothers perceive, give meaning to and negotiate caregiver relationships. Drawing on interviews with 83 mothers in a county jail, we find that the mothers experienced ‘ambivalent gratitude’: they were grateful to caregivers for caring for their children and helping them stay connected during incarceration, but often felt shut out from day-to-day caregiving and/or felt disrespected or replaced by caregivers in the eyes of their children. This ‘ambivalent gratitude’ elicited conflicted feelings towards the caregivers, undermining both their self-integrity and their identities as mothers.
Doing ‘whatever they can imagine’: social task shifting in directly funded home care
Authors: Kelly Christine , Hande Mary Jean , Dansereau Lisette , Aubrecht Katie , Martin-Matthews Anne , Williams Allison
Published: September 2020

Directly funded home care provides funds to individuals to arrange their own services. We ask, what is unique about being a directly funded home care worker? Our qualitative case study in Manitoba, Canada, included an online survey of 95 directly funded workers and interviews with 13 key informants, 24 clients and/or family managers, and 23 workers. Framed by feminist and disability care theories, we found ‘social task shifting’, that is: work that keeps households running and supports socialising; front-line worker involvement in care administration; and blurred relationships. Some directly funded workers are empowered by social task shifting, though the expectations can feel limitless.
Surface integrity control of laser cleaning of an aluminum alloy surface paint layer
Authors: Shan Teng , Yin Fengshi , Wang Sijie , Qiao Yulin , Liu Pengfei
Published: September 2020

Removal of a paint layer of 2024 aluminum alloy was studied using a nanosecond fiber pulsed laser with a maximum power of 30 W and the influence of laser cleaning energy density on the surface integrity of the substrate was explored. The cleaning energy density threshold of the paint layer is

17.69

J

/

c
m

2

and the damage energy density threshold is

24.77

J

/

c
m

2

. The optimum cleanliness and surface integrity of laser cleaning were obtained when the energy density was

21.23

J

/

c
m

2

. Microhardness and Young’s modulus of the surface after laser cleaning were improved by 6% and 25%, respectively. The mechanical properties of the surface of the substrate after laser cleaning were significantly improved, which is an advantage for this high-quality non-destructive cleaning technology of the aircraft skin surface paint layer.
Investigation of the current influence on near-field and far-field beam patterns for an oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser
Authors: Peng Chun-Yen , Tsao Kevin , Cheng Hao-Tien , Feng Milton , Wu Chao-Hsin
Published: September 2020

This experiment presents dynamic behaviors between the operating current and the optical beam images of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with two different aperture diameters of 3 µm (single-mode) and 5 µm (multi-mode). These VCSELs exhibit complex optical phenomena under current injection such as thermal effects, modal competition, carrier distribution, and laser coherence which make the light field distribution difficult to predict. In this report, the DC properties, optical spectrum, and optical images were measured together at different operating currents to accurately evaluate the characteristics of the lasers. Unlike previous works, the variations of the far-field angle were precisely evaluated by the side-mode-suppression ratio (SMSR) of the optical spectrum. In addition to commonly used transform functions such as the Gaussian beam formula, the SMSR provides another tool for the judgment of far-field divergence which could prevent inaccurate analysis. Moreover, the impact of thermal lensing was calculated by the DC measurement and demonstrated by the far-field measurement at high injection current. Through this experiment, the interaction between the injection carrier, thermal lens effect, and current spreading was described as fully as possible.
Optical fiber laser refractometer based on an open microcavity Mach-Zehnder interferometer with an ultra-low detection limit
Authors: Niu Panpan , Jiang Junfeng , Wang Shuang , Liu Kun , Ma Zhe , Zhang Yongning , Chen Wenjie , Liu Tiegen
Published: September 2020

A fiber laser refractometer based on an open microcavity Mach-Zehnder interferometer (OMZI) is proposed. The open microcavity is constructed by embedding a segment single-mode fiber (SMF) into two multi-mode fiber (MMF) joints with lateral offset for liquid sample, which has the advantages of micro sensing element and easy fabrication. The transmission characteristics of the MMF-assisted OMZI are investigated by simulating and manufacturing the OMZIs with different microcavity lengths and offset distances. By inserting the MMF-assisted OMZI into the erbium-doped fiber ring laser (FRL) cavity, the lasing wavelength can be used to detect the refractive index (RI) change of the medium in the microcavity. Experimental results show a high sensitivity of −2953.444 nm/RIU within the measurement range of 1.33302∼1.33402. More importantly, with the combination of OMZI and FRL, the proposed fiber laser refractometer realizes ultra-low detection limit (DL) and high-quality factor Q, which are two orders of magnitude better than that of previous reports.
Motion parallax enhanced 3-D integral imaging display from the commercial plenoptic camera
Authors: Ai Lingyu , Shi Xiao , Wang Xiaodong , Cao Hongkun , Wang Shouyu
Published: September 2020

The direct pickup of integral imaging typically needs to overcome limitations especially the restricted depth of field (DoF) under a lenslet array. In order to solve the problem, we design a motion parallax enhancing approach for three-dimensional (3-D) integral optical display only relying on a commercial Lytro camera. First, the non-uniform axial compression from the zoom lens of the Lytro camera is analyzed and experimentally investigated. Next, using depth slicing, locating and retargeting, the parallax of the integral optical display is significantly enhanced. Additionally, the displayed depth information can be presented in a uniform compression with the same proportion as the real scene even without the prior knowledge of the actual object distance. The experimental results prove the feasibility of the proposed method, which provides an efficient way for the acquisition of the elemental image array. Additionally, it is also a new attempt to expand the application scope of the Lytro camera from 2-D refocusing to the content acquisition for the integral display.
Close relationship between Bessel–Gaussian and conical refraction beams
Authors: Mylnikov V. Yu. , Rafailov E. U. , Sokolovskii G. S.
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate that the conical refraction of the input elegant Laguerre–Gaussian beams can be effectively described through generalized Bessel–Gaussian light beams. We performed numerical simulations and show good agreement between the exact solution and our proposed Bessel–Gaussian approximation model. Physical clarity of the proposed model has allowed us to explain the transition of the classical double-ring pattern of conical refraction in the Lloyd plane into a multi-ring one and predict new phenomenon such as the Raman spot shift and dependence of the conical refraction ring radius on the value of the orbital angular momentum.
Aberration-corrected full-color holographic augmented reality near-eye display using a Pancharatnam-Berry phase lens
Authors: Nam Seung-Woo , Moon Seokil , Lee Byounghyo , Kim Dongyeon , Lee Seungjae , Lee Chang-Kun , Lee Byoungho
Published: September 2020

We present a full-color holographic augmented reality near-eye display using a Pancharatnam-Berry phase lens (PBP lens) and its aberration correction method. Monochromatic and chromatic aberrations of the PBP lens are corrected by utilizing complex wavefront modulation of the holographic display. A hologram calculation method incorporating the phase profile of the PBP lens is proposed to correct the monochromatic aberration. Moreover, the chromatic aberration is corrected by warping the image using the mapping function obtained from ray tracing. The proposed system is demonstrated with the benchtop prototype, and the experimental results show that the proposed system offers 50° field of view full-color holographic images without optical aberrations.
Fuseless side-pump combiner for efficient fluoride-based double-clad fiber pumping
Authors: Magnan-Saucier Sébastien , Duval Simon , Matte-Breton Charles , Aydin Yiğit Ozan , Fortin Vincent , LaRochelle Sophie , Bernier Martin , Vallée Réal
Published: September 2020

We report a novel technique for side-pumping fluoride-based double-clad fibers, allowing a record coupling efficiency of 93% and a maximum power handling near 100 W at 981 nm. Our simple technique is based on wrapping a silica taper around a fluoride fiber and, therefore, does not require any complex fusion between these two dissimilar fibers. Under passive cooling, pump combiners made of undoped and erbium-doped fluoride fibers were successfully operated during several hours at respective incident powers of 91 and 44 W. Heat management issues and active cooling strategies are also discussed. This innovative combiner is a keystone towards the development of compact and robust high-power mid-infrared fiber lasers and amplifiers.
Waveguide-integrated high-performance magneto-optical isolators and circulators on silicon nitride platforms
Authors: Yan Wei , Yang Yucong , Liu Shuyuan , Zhang Yan , Xia Shuang , Kang Tongtong , Yang Weihao , Qin Jun , Deng Longjiang , Bi Lei
Published: September 2020

Optical isolators and circulators are important components for photonic integrated circuits. Despite significant progress on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platforms, integrated optical isolators and circulators have rarely been reported on silicon nitride (SiN) platforms. In this paper, we report monolithic integration of magneto-optical (MO) isolators on SiN platforms with record-high performances based on standard silicon photonics foundry process and MO thin film deposition. We successfully grow high-quality MO garnet thin films on SiN with large Faraday rotation up to -

−

5900

d
e
g

/

c
m

. We show superior MO figure of merit (FoM) of MO/SiN waveguides compared to that of MO/SOI in an optimized device design. We demonstrate transverse magnetic (TM)/transverse electric (TE) mode broadband and narrowband optical isolators and circulators on SiN with high isolation ratio, low cross talk, and low insertion loss. In particular, we observe 1 dB insertion loss and 28 dB isolation ratio in a SiN racetrack resonator-based isolator at 1570.3 nm wavelength. The low thermo-optic coefficient of SiN also ensures excellent temperature stability of the device. Our work paves the way for integration of high-performance nonreciprocal photonic devices on SiN platforms.
The Budapest Convention and the General Data Protection Regulation: acting in concert to curb cybercrime?
Authors: Wicki-Birchler David
Published: September 2020

The Budapest Convention and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)—two Legal Frameworks designed to curb cybercrime. While the Convention on Cybercrime of the Council of Europe, the Budapest Convention, is the only binding international instrument on this issue, the GDPR is globally setting standards in data protection Law. How are the two policies working to curb cybercrime? Cybercrime concerns every person, every company, every authority and every public institution. The fact that the origin as well as the target of the criminal act can be located virtually everywhere around the globe sets a new challenge for lawmakers in their efforts to protect society. The increasing use and importance of the Internet of Things will create new conveniences for the public to enjoy and at the same time provide countless new entry points for hackers to gain access to devices, networks and valuable data, all of which might be abused for criminal intents. The Budapest Convention on Cybercrime plays a crucial role in the fight against cybercrime by setting state of the art principle based criminal law standards and important procedural rules with regard to the provisional storage of data to be potentially used as evidence in prosecuting criminal acts. GDPR is blazing the trail for the appropriate handling of data, and is thereby—albeit from a different starting point—significantly contributing to an improved data security framework and thus efficiently curbing cybercrime.
Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the oxidative burst of neutrophils in pigs and ruminants
Authors: Mosca Francesco , Trachtman Abigail R. , Hattab Jasmine , Marruchella Giuseppe , Tiscar Pietro G.
Published: September 2020

Background and Aim: Neutrophils represent between 20% and 75% of white blood cells in animals and play a key role in an effective immune response. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is commonly referred to as an oxidative burst and is crucial under healthy and disease conditions. Interestingly, ROS are emerging as regulators of several neutrophil functions, including their oxidative burst. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide on the oxidative burst of neutrophils, collected from domestic animal species (namely, pig, cattle, and sheep), and exposed to different stimuli. Materials and Methods: A total of 65 slaughtered animals were included in the present study: Twenty-two pigs, 21 cattle, and 22 sheep. Blood samples were collected at bleeding and neutrophils were then purified using ad hoc developed and species-specific protocols. Neutrophils were treated with hydrogen peroxide at micromolar-to-millimolar concentrations, alone, or combined with other stimuli (i.e., opsonized yeasts, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate). The generation of ROS was evaluated using a luminol-derived chemiluminescence (CL) assay. For each animal species, data were aggregated and reported as mean area under curve±standard deviation. Finally, data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Results: Exposure of bovine and ovine neutrophils to hydrogen peroxide alone resulted in a dose-dependent enhancement of the CL response, which was significantly stronger at its highest concentration and proved particularly prominent in sheep. Opsonized yeasts and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate both proved capable of stimulating the generation of ROS in all animal species under study. Hydrogen peroxide negatively modulated the oxidative burst of neutrophils after exposure to those stimuli, observed response patterns varying between pigs and ruminants. Porcine neutrophils, pre-exposed to micromolar concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, showed a decreased CL response only to opsonized yeasts. Conversely, pre-exposure to hydrogen peroxide reduced the CL response of ruminant neutrophils both to yeasts and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, the effect being most prominent at 1 mM concentration. Conclusion: These results indicate that hydrogen peroxide is capable of modulating the oxidative bursts of neutrophils in a species-specific and dose-dependent manner, substantial differences existing between pigs and ruminants. Further investigation is required to fully comprehend such modulation, which is crucial for the proper management of the generation of ROS under healthy and disease conditions.
Participating in a community-based participatory research module: A reflective inquiry
Authors: Hally Ruth , Murphy Aisling , O’Connell John , Robinson Sarah , Pyrz Katarzyna , Burns Kenneth , O’Mahony Catherine
Published: September 2020

This commentary piece, using a narrative inquiry frame, explores the experiences of five individuals who came together to participate in a community-based participatory research (CBPR) module. Owing to the short time frame of this accredited module, when the module was live, a particular focus was directed towards dialogical techniques to build trust and respect within the group and subsequently generate potential research questions. The inaugural experience of collaborating on a CBPR module stimulated unique feelings, reflections and learnings for participants, many of which took time to surface. This article aims to make sense of those experiences to support those wishing to engage in CBPR initiatives.
The case of oncogenic hypophosphatemic osteomalacia
Authors: Eremkina Anna K. , Mirnaya Svetlana S. , Gorbacheva Anna M. , Panevin Taras S. , Voronkova Iya A. , Mokrysheva N. G.
Published: September 2020

Osteomalacia is a systemic bone disease, characterized by an excessive accumulation of non-mineralized osteoid and an imbalance in the organic matrix formation and mineralization. A rare cause of disease is tumor-induced osteomalacia, most often due to phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors (PMT). Usually there are benign small tumors, affecting the soft tissues and bones of any location. The basic pathogenesis of underlying oncogenic osteomalacia is a decreased renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate consequent to hyperproduction of fibroblast growth factor 23 in PMT. Clinical features are nonspecific, the average period from the symptoms onset to diagnosis reaches 3 years and at least 5 years before surgical treatment. Finding the tumour is crucial, as complete removal is curative. We present a clinical case of tumor-induced osteomalacia due to PMT required the complex differential diagnosis with other rare diseases.
Clinical effect of thiazolidinediones in subjects with disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in case of polymorphism rs1801282
Authors: Eremenko Tatyana V. , Matsievskiy Nikolay A. , Vorokhobina Natalya V. , Matesius Irina Y. , Abramashvili Irina N.
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: The polymorphism rs1801282 (Pro12Ala) may be one of the reasons for the heterogeneous response of patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders to thiazolidinedione therapy. Studies of this polymorphism in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) will help identify a group of patients in whom the use of thiazolidinedione is advisable.
AIMS: To assess the clinical effect of thiazolidinediones in patients with metabolic syndrome, depending on the presence of polymorphism rs1801282.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients with newly diagnosed MS with impaired carbohydrate metabolism were included in the open cohort study. All patients were recommended a diet, expansion of physical activity and pioglitazone at a dose of 30 mg per day. After the appointment of the therapy, the patients come to the center back at 12 weeks.
The main outcome in the study assessed in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was fasting glycemia and 2 hours after glucose tolerance test, in patients with type 2 diabetes HbA1c.
RESULTS: 109 patients were included in the study. Of these, 14 were carriers of rs1801282, the other 95 had a typical PPAR genotype. After the appointment of therapy in the groups of IGT and type 2 diabetes, improvement of glycemic control was observed. The degree of decrease in fasting plasma glucose and after glucose tolerance test was more pronounced with IGT in patients with polymorphism rs1801282 compared with the rest (plasma fasting plasma glucose level was -0.7 [-0.9, -0.7] vs. -0, 4 [-0.5, -0.3] mmol/L, p=0.001; plasma glucose level 2 hours after glucose tolerance test was -1.1 [-1.8, -0.3] vs. -0.5 [-0.7, -0.1] mmol/L, p=0.031). In patients with type 2 diabetes, no data were obtained for the statistically significant effect of rs1801282 polymorphism on the results of pioglitazone, but there was a tendency for a greater decrease in fasting plasma glucose in the case of carrying the polymorphic gene (-1.9 [-2.2, -1.8] against -1,5 [-1,7, -1,2] mmol/l, p=0,073).
CONCLUSIONS: The study shows the effect of polymorphism rs1801282 on the results of pioglitazone in patients with MS, both in IGT and in type 2 diabetes. Carrying polymorphism leads to a significant decrease in fasting glycemia and after glucose tolerance test in patients with IGT. The tendency to improve the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism (fasting glycemia, HbA1c) was noted in a subgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Dis/ability History - forschend lernen, lehren und vermitteln
Authors: Nolte Cordula
Published: September 2020

Cordula Nolte führt in den Sammelband ein, indem sie auf das noch kaum genutzte Potential von Dis/ability History für forschendes Lernen, inklusive Geschichtsvermittlung und partizipative Bildungs- und Kulturprojekte hinweist und das Ziel des Bandes, Brücken zwischen Forschung, Vermittlung und praktizierter Partizpation zu schlagen, umreißt. Sie diskutiert außerdem Schwerpunkte, die in etlichen Beiträgen des Bandes facettenreich thematisiert werden: die Frage, wie Wissensvermittlung partizipativ gestaltet werden kann, das Problem, Grundlagenforschung ohne ausreichende Grundlagen zu betreiben, Theoriedichte und Komplexität als besondere Herausforderungen des Ansatzes von Dis/ability History, die Rolle von Lehrenden als Lernende, die Notwendigkeit fächerübergreifender Teamworks und das Leitprinzip, Phantasie und Wissenschaft zu vereinbaren.
»Unterhaltung heute gestartet«
Authors: Becker Karina
Published: September 2020

Der Briefroman der Empfindsamkeit erlebt in der gegenwärtigen Weltliteratur ein Revival in Form der sogenannten Blog- oder Netz-Literatur, die zumeist in Buch- oder Schriftform übergeht und damit eine Form der Transmedialität beschreibt. Richardsons Diktum über das Wesen des Briefromans (»written as it were to the moment«) erfährt heute eine wortwörtliche Bedeutung, da moderne Kommunikationswege einen simultanen Dialog ermöglichen. Der Aufsatz untersucht die Auswirkungen der neuen Kommunikationsformen auf die gegenwärtige Literatur in Bezug auf ihre Sprache und Form. Dabei werden insbesondere auch Paradigmen aus verschiedenen Kulturkreisen berücksichtigt, um die Bedeutung der neuen Kommunikationswege im interkulturellen Vergleich darzustellen. Als literarische Beispiele dienen Glattauers E-Mail-Roman »Gut gegen Nordwind«, Varatharajahs Flüchtlingsroman »Vor der Zunahme der Zeichen« und Alsaneas Roman »Die Girls von Riad«.
Bewegung und Musikverstehen
Authors: Unger-Rudroff Anna
Published: September 2020

Kinder reagieren oft spontan mit Bewegungen auf Musik. Was können uns diese zur Musik gebildeten Bewegungsgestalten über die Tiefe ihres Zugangs zu musikalischen Sinnstrukturen verraten? Anna Unger-Rudroff untersucht in ihrer Studie die theoretischen Grundlagen dieses Zusammenhangs von körperlich-leiblicher Bewegung und Prozessen des Musikverstehens. Ihre Auseinandersetzung mit der Phänomenologie, insbesondere der Leib- und Sprachtheorie Maurice Merleau-Pontys, führt sie bis hin zum konkreten musikpädagogischen Praxisbeispiel. Die musikalische Begriffsbildung erscheint dabei aus phänomenologischem Blickwinkel als eine Bewegung, die im vorsprachlichen Bereich des leiblichen Vollzugs ansetzt.
Divisoria Night Café: Showcase of Public Space Renewal in Southeast Asian Urban Context
Authors: Satur Luzile
Published: September 2020

This study deals with festivals manifested as the Night Café in the Southeast Asian City of Cagayan de Oro (CDO), Northern Mindanao, the Philippines. From 2003 until 2013, Mayor Vincente »Dongkoy« Emano together with the city councillors enacted Ordinance Number 8920-2003 that established the weekly Night Café in the public space of Divisoria. The Night Café offered leisure and entrepreneurship activities. Vendors and other informal sectors converged to provide dining, shopping and entertaining activities. It strengthened the informal economy through the generation of employment and livelihood. The Night Café also symbolised CDO as the »City in Blossom, Bloom and Boom«. The activities and symbolism showcased renewal of public space; however, they were solely intended for economic consumption. This paper argues that the renewal process utilised cultural references to advance economic interests. Thus, this paper aims to trace the main civic actors, key drivers and the role of the city government in conceptualising the Night Café.
»Do you see it now? Do you see it like I do?«
Authors: Beyvers Sarah E.
Published: September 2020

After drawing connections between theories of unreliable narration and depictions of mental instability, this article explores ways in which subjectivity can become manifest in video games. In the subsequent analysis of Dear Esther (The Chinese Room 2012) and Layers of Fear (Bloober Team 2016), the mechanisms of verbal and visual unreliable narration will be examined, as well as the interplay between these elements and interactivity, and, especially, how these aspects are connected to the mental instability of narrators and focalizers. Dear Esther's narrator strives to inscribe an island's »always half-imagined« surface with his life and memories, while the player is compelled to question the narrator's reliability to the point where she begins to question the island's physical existence. Layers of Fear puts the player in the place of a painter who, while trying to complete his magnum opus, loses all grasp of reality - and his sanity. The game exclusively ascribes the painter, the sole focalizer of the game, the ability to »see« and simultaneously establishes that his eyes are not to be trusted.
Einleitung
Authors: Willems Joachim
Published: September 2020

Die Frage, wie und ob Religion in der Schule sichtbar sein dürfe, wird seit Jahren immer wieder kontrovers diskutiert. Ein theoretischer Rahmen, um in diesem Feld Handlungsoptionen abzuwägen, kann zwischen den Begriffen »Anerkennung« und »Diskriminierung« aufgespannt werden. Aus rechtlicher, ethischer und pädagogischer Perspektive ist Diskriminierung offensichtlich unzulässig; daher stellt sich vor allem die Frage, welches Handeln als diskriminierend gewertet wird. Der Begriff der Anerkennung ist dagegen in pädagogischer wie ethischer Hinsicht schillernder. Denn die Anerkennung, durch die jemand einer bestimmten Gruppe zugeordnet wird, ermöglicht eben auch die Grenzziehung zwischen Gruppenkonstruktionen und kann damit Diskriminierung ermöglichen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wirft das einleitende Kapitel auch einen Blick auf die Beiträge, die in dem Band zu Religion in der Schule gesammelt sind.
The Dance Workshop as a Sensuous Group Technology
Authors: Hölscher Stefan
Published: September 2020

I would like to propose to rethink the workshop format in the field of dance in terms of a group technology being based on a sensuousness without prejudice of its participants which as such enables dance as a primarily sensuous practice to enter yet unknown terrains. I will do so by in a first step referring to Mårten Spångberg's recent prioritisation of the notion of dance over the one of choreography and in a second step by reconsidering a rather historical constellation, precisely the one of Ludwig Feuerbach's aversion against Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Hegel's system of thought. What I want to propose by doing so is a parallel between choreography and prejudiced thinking on the one hand and dance and unprejudiced sensuousness on the other hand.
Selbstermächtigung im Gefüge?
Authors: Schulte Philipp
Published: September 2020

Philipp Schulte widmet sich in seinem Beitrag dem Versuch, einen Zusammenhang zwischen zwei aktuellen Performances (»Qualitätskontrolle« von Rimini Protokoll, »Nerve Collection« von Caroline Creutzburg) und Martin Heideggers Vortrag »Die Frage nach der Technik« herzustellen, vor allem im Hinblick auf seine darin angestellten Überlegungen zur Kausalität. Inwieweit kann man sagen, der Mensch nutzt, poietisch, technische Installationen zur Hervorbringung und Transformation von Welt; inwiefern muss man sagen, diese Installationen sind es zuallererst, die den Menschen hervorbringen und transformieren?
Die Touristin Wanda Frisch
Authors: Irmscher Gerlinde
Published: September 2020

Wir alle sind Tourist*innen und unsere Urlaubsreisen ein beliebter Gegenstand von Kommunikation und Erinnerung. Wanda Frisch ist Veteranin einer Generation, die zum ersten Mal in der Geschichte mehrheitlich die Möglichkeit hatte, (fast) jedes Jahr in den Urlaub zu fahren und die unterschiedlichsten Zeugnisse dieser Reisetätigkeit zu sammeln und zu bearbeiten. Das Konvolut ihres Nachlasses bildet den Ausgangspunkt für Gerlinde Irmschers transdisziplinäre biografische Studie, in der je unterschiedliche wissenschaftliche Zugänge erprobt werden, um das von der Protagonistin über Jahrzehnte angehäufte Material angemessen und mit historischer Tiefenschärfe zu interpretieren - und damit Auskunft über eine individuell wie gesellschaftlich bedeutsame kulturelle Praxis zu geben.