bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A REFORMA DE CÓRDOBA, MOVIMENTOS ESTUDANTIS E SEUS IMPACTOS PARA O ENSINO SUPERIOR NA AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Menon Gustavo
Published: October 2021

Resumo O presente estudo visa problematizar o levante da Reforma Universitária de Córdoba, na Argentina, em 1918, e seus consequentes impactos para as Universidades da América Latina ao longo do século XX. Para isso, o artigo analisa o manifesto proclamado pelos estudantes e, acima de tudo, pensa os efeitos da insurreição estudantil para a formulação das estruturas universitárias na região. Por último, a pesquisa demonstra como a Reforma de Córdoba foi determinante para o continente, mesmo possuindo efeitos tardios perante o debate do ensino superior brasileiro.
O VALOR DA NARRATIVA DOS INFAMES PARA A HISTÓRIA DA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Rios Diogo Franco , Pereira Marcos Villela
Published: October 2021

Resumo Alinhados à História Cultural, pautamos a inclusão das memórias dos ex-alunos na História da Educação e a importância dos discursos de grupos menos valorizados, atribuindo-lhes uma centralidade nem sempre conferida pela memória oficial. Singulares, permitem esclarecer questões que as fontes prioritariamente usadas não permitem. Problematizamos o lugar dos infames na historiografia educacional brasileira revisando o debate que cristaliza versões gerais em contraposição a versões particulares.
INDEPENDENCE, DEMOCRACY, AND TRAINING IN BRAZILIAN ASSOCIATION OF EDUCATION DISCOURSE: 1927-1945
Authors: Vieira Carlos Eduardo
Published: October 2021

Abstract We discuss the relations and semantic variations of a conceptual triad, namely independence, democracy, and the making of the Brazilian people. To achieve it, we analyze the Brazilian Association of Education (ABE) discourse, between 1927 and 1945. We show that discourse on the making of the Brazilian people was to consolidate nation-state, even though this making did not include fostering the people’s political participation.
Educating is Civilizing: the Pedagogy of Periodicals and Political Pamphlets of the Brazilian Independence Period (1821-1824)
Authors: Neves Lucia Maria Bastos Pereira das
Published: October 2021

Abstract Large amounts of circumstantial printed material flooded the city of Rio de Janeiro between 1821 and 1824. Its intent was to inform the population on what the new terms associated with current ideas meant. They became instruments of intervention in what their authors perceived as a public space. This paper aims at identifying what their messages meant, clarifying their rhetorical arguments and also pointing out the factors that limited or prevented them from achieving their goals.
Estética escolar y regímenes emocionales en el Centenario de la Independencia (Chile, 1910)
Authors: Toro-Blanco Pablo
Published: October 2021

resumen En este texto se aborda un episodio de promoción de nacionalismo y patriotismo en el sistema educativo chileno, analizándolo brevemente a partir de los conceptos de estética escolar (PINEAU, 2014) y régimen emocional (REDDY, 2001). Por ello, se estudia las iniciativas desarrolladas para construir estética y afectivamente el sentimiento patrio en el contexto de los festejos del Centenario de la Independencia de Chile (1910).
A INDEPENDÊNCIA PERDIDA: REFLEXÕES SOBRE EDUCAÇÃO E MOVIMENTO CABANO NO GRÃO-PARÁ DA AMÉRICA PORTUGUESA (1755-1840)
Authors: Araujo Sonia Maria da Silva
Published: October 2021

RESUMO Este estudo pretende refletir sobre independência e educação no Brasil a partir da história do Pará da América portuguesa, ocorrida entre 1755-1840. São 85 anos de uma história marcada por lutas sangrentas, na qual à educação cabia transformar populações nativas em cidadãos úteis a uma pátria distante. Nesse contexto, o Movimento Cabano se coloca como acontecimento importante na recondução da liberdade política que não foi.
RAÇA, MEMÓRIA E EDUCAÇÃO NA FORMAÇÃO NACIONAL DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS (XIX-XXI)
Authors: Dávila Jerry
Published: October 2021

RESUMO Situado no contexto do movimento Black Lives Matter, o texto analisa momentos na história dos direitos civis durante o período da escravidão e no tempo pós-abolição, analisando o papel do judiciário e seus vínculos com questões de acesso e igualdade na educação. Ao colocar de lado a metanarrativa positivista sobre a expansão progressiva dos direitos na história norteamericana, analisamos momentos em que a ação do judiciário reforçou a escravidão e a segregação racial não apenas como marcos dessa história de políticas raciais, mas também como tentativas frustradas por parte de indivíduos e de movimentos sociais para expandir o acesso aos direitos humanos. Refletimos, ainda, sobre as maneiras com que a noção positivista de um avanço contínuo dos direitos tem coincidido com projetos de comemoração, memorialização, e romantização do passado escravagista, bem como de figuras ligadas à defesa da escravidão e da segregação racial.
PARA ALÉM DAS FRONTEIRAS DE SEUS PAÍSES DE ORIGEM: O ITINERÁRIO DOS MANUAIS DE HISTÓRIA DA EDUCAÇÃO PUBLICADOS PARA SUBSIDIAR A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES NO BRASIL
Authors: Roballo Roberlayne de Oliveira Borges
Published: October 2021

Resumo Este trabalho é resultado da pesquisa historiográfica sobre os manuais de História da Educação (HE) que subsidiaram os cursos de formação de professores, a partir de 1930, no Brasil. A perspectiva metodológica visa analisar o itinerário dos manuais de HE, destacando principalmente a produção e circulação das obras em cenário internacional e nacional. Por meio da pesquisa, concluímos que os manuais contribuem para a memória da formação docente e para a própria história da HE no Brasil.
“MAIOR SOMMA DE FACTOS HISTORICOS, ELUCIDADOS COM MAIS METHODO”: AMÉRICO BRAZILIENSE E A INVENÇÃO DO ESPAÇO PAULISTA NA ESCRITA DA HISTÓRIA ESCOLAR (1873-1879)
Authors: Santos Magno Francisco de Jesus
Published: October 2021

Resumo No último quartel do século XIX ocorreram inúmeros embates em defesa da renovação dos conteúdos de história no espaço escolar brasileiro. Um dos principais eixos norteadores das discussões era atinente à ampliação da História Pátria na disciplina História, que até então privilegiava a experiência clássica europeia. Neste artigo analisamos o processo de construção do espaço paulista e a defesa da História do Brasil na escrita da história escolar do intelectual paulista Américo Braziliense. Tem-se como fonte central o livro escolar, publicado em 1876, que reverberava o deslocamento do eixo espacial da corte para a província de São Paulo, no âmbito do processo de construção da cultura política republicana paulista após a Convenção de Itu (1873).
A ESCOLA NO “TURBILHÃO DA POLÍTICA”: A INSTRUÇÃO PÚBLICA E O ESTADO NACIONAL NA PROVÍNCIA DO PIAUÍ (1822-1834)
Authors: Sousa Neto Marcelo de
Published: October 2021

Resumo O presente artigo, discute a instrução pública na província do Piauí e sua expansão, adotando como recorte temporal o período entre os anos de 1822, com início do Império brasileiro, e 1834, com o Ato Adicional à Constituição, que pôs fim ao modelo educacional implantado com as Aulas Régias, recorte em que se assistiu a tentativas frustradas de institucionalização de uma educação pública nos primeiros anos do Império. Metodologicamente, trata-se de pesquisa histórica de base bibliográfica que, além da literatura sobre o tema e a legislação vigente no período, apoiou-se na documentação pertencente ao Arquivo Público do Estado do Piauí (Apepi), sobremaneira a documentação expedida pela Presidência da Província e pela Assembleia Provincial, o que permitiu a construção de um diálogo que possibilitou novos olhares a respeito da história da educação no período, bem como a reflexão sobre outras dimensões do tecido social local. De maneira geral, com a pesquisa, verificou-se uma lenta expansão da instrução pública, como consequência do pequeno interesse dos poderes públicos em seu desenvolvimento, resultando em limitados investimentos, aliados a um modelo produtivo que pouco demandava do saber formal em suas práticas cotidianas.
Early-age creep behaviour of 3D printable mortars: Experimental characterisation and analytical modelling
Authors: Esposito Laura , Casagrande Lorenzo , Menna Costantino , Asprone Domenico , Auricchio Ferdinando
Published: October 2021

The construction sector is experiencing significant technological innovations with digitalisation tools and automated construction techniques, such as additive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing utilising cement-based materials can potentially remove the technological/economic barriers associated with innovative architectural/structural shapes which are not suitable for conventional formworks adopted for concrete material. However, in the “free-form” digital fabrication with concrete, the mechanical properties prediction of the material in the fresh state is essential for controlling both the element deformations and overall stability during printing. In this paper, the authors explore the critical aspects related to the determination of the early-age creep properties of a 3D printable cement-based material, particularly investigating such a behaviour at different resting times. The experimental results are used to calibrate the Burgers’ analytical model to consider both the elastic and the viscous response of the 3D printable mortar investigated in the fresh state. The visco-elastic model is validated by comparing the analytical total strain vs time curve with the corresponding experimental counterpart replicating the layer-by-layer stacking process in the 3D concrete printing process. It was found that the Burgers’ model represents a valuable numerical approach to evaluate the overall accumulation of layer deformation of a 3D printed element, since it is capable of taking into account the time dependency due to the time gap and the variable material stiffness over the process time.
Tay creep: a multi-mechanism model for rate-dependent deformation of soils
Authors: Shi Zhenhao , Wood David Muir , Huang Maosong , Hambleton James P.
Published: October 2021

Constitutive models constructed within the combined framework of kinematic hardening and bounding surface plasticity have proved to be successful in describing the rate-independent deformation of soils under non-monotonic histories of stress or strain. Most soils show some rate-dependence of their deformation characteristics, and it is important for the constitutive models to be able to reproduce rate- or time-dependent patterns of response. This paper explores a constitutive modelling approach that combines multiple viscoplastic mechanisms contributing to the overall rate-sensitive deformation of a soil. A simple viscoplastic extension of an inviscid kinematic hardening model incorporates two viscoplastic mechanisms applying an overstress formulation to a ‘consolidation surface’ and a ‘recent stress history surface’. Depending on the current stress state and the relative ‘strength’ of the two mechanisms, the viscoplastic mechanisms may collaborate or compete with each other. This modelling approach is shown to be able to reproduce many observed patterns of rate-dependent response of soils.
Ferroptosis Promotes Cyst Growth in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Mouse Models
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqin , Li Linda Xiaoyan , Ding Hao , Torres Vicente E. , Yu Chen , Li Xiaogang
Published: October 2021

Significance Statement

This study demonstrates for the first time a role of ferroptosis in ADPKD. We show the Pkd1 mutation makes renal epithelial cells prone to ferroptosis through the dysregulation of iron and lipid metabolism. It also suggests the main form of regulated cell death in ADPKD kidneys is ferroptotic but not apoptotic, which helps clarify the controversy over the role of apoptosis in ADPKD. In addition, we found that induction of ferroptosis by erastin promotes cyst growth in Pkd1RC/RC
mice, whereas inhibition of ferroptosis by Fer-1 delays cyst growth in rapidly and slowly progressive ADPKD mouse models. These observations suggest management of ferroptosis may be a novel strategy for the treatment of this disease.

Background

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the most common inherited kidney disease, is regulated by different forms of cell death, including apoptosis and autophagy. However, the role in ADPKD of ferroptosis, a recently discovered form of cell death mediated by iron and lipid metabolism, remains elusive.

Methods

To determine a pathophysiologic role of ferroptosis in ADPKD, we investigated whether the absence of Pkd1 (encoding polycystin-1) affected the expression of key factors involved in the process of ferroptosis, using Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis in Pkd1 mutant renal cells and tissues. We also examined whether treatment with erastin, a ferroptosis inducer, and ferrostain-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, affected cyst growth in Pkd1 mutant mouse models.

Results

We found that kidney cells and tissues lacking Pkd1 exhibit extensive metabolic abnormalities, including reduced expression of the system Xc− amino acid antiporter (critical for import of cystine), of iron exporter (ferroportin), and of GPX4 (a key and negative regulator of ferroptosis). The abnormalities also include increased expression of iron importers (TfR1, DMT1) and HO-1, which in turn result in high iron levels, low GSH and GPX4 activity, increased lipid peroxidation, and propensity to ferroptosis. We further found that erastin increased, and ferrostatin-1 inhibited ferroptotic cell death and proliferation of Pkd1-deficient cells in kidneys from Pkd1 mutant mice. A lipid peroxidation product increased in Pkd1-deficient cells, 4HNE, promoted the proliferation of survived Pkd1 mutant cells via activation of Akt, S6, Stat3, and Rb during the ferroptotic process, contributing to cyst growth.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that ferroptosis contributes to ADPKD progression and management of ferroptosis may be a novel strategy for ADPKD treatment.
Podocyte Aging: Why and How Getting Old Matters
Authors: Shankland Stuart J. , Wang Yuliang , Shaw Andrey S. , Vaughan Joshua C. , Pippin Jeffrey W. , Wessely Oliver
Published: October 2021

The effects of healthy aging on the kidney, and how these effects intersect with superimposed diseases, are highly relevant in the context of the population’s increasing longevity. Age-associated changes to podocytes, which are terminally differentiated glomerular epithelial cells, adversely affect kidney health. This review discusses the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying podocyte aging, how these mechanisms might be augmented by disease in the aged kidney, and approaches to mitigate progressive damage to podocytes. Furthermore, we address how biologic pathways such as those associated with cellular growth confound aging in humans and rodents.
Şermin Yaşar'ın Çocuk Kitaplarındaki Eğitsel İletilerin İncelenmesi
Authors: CAVGA Sema , EYÜP Bircan
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, günümüz çocuk edebiyatı yazarlarından Şermin Yaşar’ın çocuk kitaplarındaki eğitsel iletilerin belirlenmesidir. Çalışma nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması olarak tasarlanmıştır. Veri kaynağı Şermin Yaşar’ın ‘Dedemin Bakkalı’, ‘Abartma Tozu’, ‘Oh Ne Ala Memleket’ ve ‘Babaannem Geri Döndü’ adlı çocuk kitaplarından oluşmaktadır. Veriler doküman incelemesi yöntemi ile toplanıp içerik analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Eğitsel iletiler kişisel, toplumsal, ulusal, evrensel, dinî gelişimi ve çevre bilinci gelişimini desteklemeye yönelik olmak üzere altı başlık altında incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda ‘Dedemin Bakkalı’ kitabında 91, ‘Abartma Tozu’nda 77, ‘Oh Ne Ala Memleket’te 72 ve ‘Babaannem Geri Döndü’ adlı kitapta 65 farklı eğitsel ileti tespit edilmiştir. En çok ileti ‘Dedemin Bakkalı’, en az ileti ‘Abartma Tozu’ kitabında belirlenmiştir. ‘Babaannem Geri Döndü’ kitabında toplumsal, diğer üç kitapta kişisel gelişimi destekleyen iletilerin çoğunlukta olduğu görülmüştür. İletilerin ağırlıklı olarak dolaylı aktarıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca iletilerin Millî Eğitim Bakanlığınca hazırlanan ders programlarında yetiştirilmesi hedeflenen bireylerde olması istenilen özelliklerle de benzerlik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
Book Review: Brian McFarlane (ed.), The Encyclopaedia of British Film, 5th edition (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2021)
Authors: Smith Jonny
Published: October 2021

Brian McFarlane (ed.), The Encyclopaedia of British Film, 5th edition (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2021), pp. 968, ISBN: 978-1526159267, £133.20
Diseño de un reactor de tornillos para la obtención de bioaceite a partir de pirólisis rápida de biomasa residual
Authors: Pardo Salazar Jesus , Sierra Hernández Marlon Darío , Pedraza Yepes Cristian Antonio
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Realizar el diseño mecánico de un reactor de tornillo para la obtención de bioaceite mediante pirólisis rápida de biomasa residual.

Metodología: Se realizó una estimación del potencial energético de la biomasa residual. Se calcularon las variables térmicas y mecánicas para el dimensionamiento del reactor y la selección de sus componentes. Para seleccionar el reactor más adecuado se aplicó la metodología del Despliegue de la Función Calidad. Se realizó un análisis de esfuerzos mediante la herramienta informática Solidworks®, cuyos resultados permitieron ratificar los parámetros y dimensiones seleccionados para la construcción del reactor.

Resultados: Se seleccionó un reactor de doble tornillo con sección transversal en U con base plana. Se determinó que el calor necesario para llevar a cabo la reacción de pirólisis rápida fue 927 kJ/kg. Se seleccionó un tornillo sinfín de 1.68 m de longitud, 1.25 pulgadas de diámetro mayor y 1.5 pulgadas de paso, en acero inoxidable austenítico 316, accionado por un motorreductor de potencia 0.25 HP y torque 20 Nm. Para minimizar pérdidas de calor, se dispuso de una cinta calentadora de 0.1 W/cm2 y un elemento aislante a base de fibra de vidrio, de espesor 130 mm, ambos alrededor del barril contenedor del reactor.

Conclusiones: Se seleccionó el modelo de reactor de doble tornillo y sección transversal en forma de U con base plana por ofrecer mayor capacidad volumétrica de transporte y mayor capacidad de mezcla. Se seleccionó un diámetro de 1-1/4” para el tornillo sinfín con el fin de para evitar problemas de deflexión.
Metodología computacionalmente eficiente para resolver el despacho económico multiperiodo estocástico con restricciones de seguridad
Authors: López Lezama Jesús María , Sierra Aguilar Juan Esteban , Marín Cano Cristian Camilo , Jaramillo Duque Alvaro
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Validar una metodología computacionalmente eficiente para resolver el problema de despacho económico multiperiodo estocástico con restricciones de seguridad. Metodología: Se utilizan factores lineales de sensibilidad para calcular flujos de carga de forma rápida y precisa. También se usa un método iterativo, que identifica y agrega como cortes de usuario, las restricciones de seguridad activas. Estas restricciones establecen la región factible de un modelo embebido dentro de un algoritmo Progressive Hedging, el cual descompone el problema principal en un conjunto de sub-problemas computacionalmente más tratables, al relajar las restricciones de acoplamiento entre escenarios. Resultados: Los resultados numéricos sobre el sistema IEEE RTS96, muestran que la estrategia propuesta entrega soluciones de alta calidad en bajos tiempos de cálculo. Conclusiones: La metodología propuesta permite solucionar el despacho económico multiperiodo estocástico seguro hasta 50 veces más rápido cuando se compara con su formulación extensiva.
Identificación modal de puentes segmentales mediante simulaciones numéricas de pruebas de vibración forzada con vehículos
Authors: Riveros Jerez Carlos Alberto , Viviescas Álvaro , Hernandez Wilson
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Las condiciones topográficas y altas especificaciones técnicas de los recientes proyectos de infraestructura vial ejecutados por el gobierno colombiano ha impulsado la construcción de numerosos puentes segmentales. La Norma Colombiana de Diseño de Puentes – LRFD – CCP 14 no establece criterios específicos para la evaluación de puentes nuevos que permitan la evaluación estructural. Con el objetivo de fomentar la implementación de pruebas dinámicas en puentes segmentales se presenta un estudio de identificación de parámetros influyentes en la caracterización dinámica usando vibración forzada. Metodología: Con base en los parámetros identificados, se ejecutó un conjunto de simulaciones numéricas usando herramientas computacionales específicamente en análisis de historia tiempo para análisis de aceleraciones producto de circulación de vehículos pesados a distintas velocidades. Resultados: Se desarrolló un enfoque analítico para selección de velocidades de circulación para distintos tipos de vehículos de prueba. Conclusiones: lo que permite obtener un conjunto de variables óptimas como velocidad, peso, posición de impacto y frenado para la ejecución de pruebas de vibración forzada que permitan complementar los resultados que se obtienen de pruebas de vibración ambiental.
Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in Colombia and Russia: Conciliation and Mediation
Authors: Arrieta López Milton , Meza Godoy Abel , Afanasiev Ilya Vladimirovich , Sekerin Vladimir Dmitriyevich , Noli Sara
Published: October 2021

In this article, the authors compare alternative conflict resolution mechanisms in Colombia and Russia. In the former, conciliation is the most developed alternative dispute resolution mechanism, while in the latter, mediation is the most developed. In order to deepen this comparison, a qualitative research of interpretative nature has been developed with the support of bibliographic-documentary material. The main conclusion is that access to justice is a human right that has been positivized as a fundamental right in the constitutions of both Colombia and Russia. However, the Colombian Constitution allows individuals to exercise their jurisdictional functions on a temporary basis, unlike the Russian Constitution, which only authorizes judges from the Federation to exercise their jurisdictional functions. While conciliation in Colombia is developed and implemented through State-supervised Conciliation and Arbitration Centers, mediation in Russia is in its initial phase and has gradually gained acceptance in society. In both states, the implementation of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms has been driven by the need to decongest the courts and tribunals of ordinary justice. Therefore, it is useful to insist on the massive use of these instruments to make possible a justice that comes from the parties in conflict, that can repair the relations of the subjects in dispute and that tends towards the construction of more peaceful societies.
Awake craniotomy using a high-flow nasal cannula with oxygen reserve index monitoring - A report of two cases -
Authors: Gook Joonhee , Kwon Ji-Hye , Kim Keoungah , Choi Jung Won , Chung Ik Soo , Lee Jeonjin
Published: October 2021

Background: Awake craniotomy is a well-tolerated procedure for the resection of brain tumors residing within or close to the eloquent cortical areas. Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) is a dominant anesthetic approach for awake craniotomy; however, it is associated with inherent challenges such as desaturation and hypercapnia, which may lead to various complications. The prevention of respiratory insufficiency is important for successful awake craniotomy. As measures to avoid respiratory depression, the use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) can improve patient oxygenation and monitor the oxygen reserve index (ORi) to detect hypoxia earlier. Case: We report two cases of awake craniotomy with MAC using HFNC and ORi. We adjusted the fraction of inspired oxygen of the HFNC according to the ORi level. The patient underwent successful awake craniotomy without a desaturation event or additional airway intervention. Conclusions: Combined HFNC and ORi monitoring may provide adequate oxygen reserves in patients undergoing awake craniotomy.
Anesthetic management of obese and morbidly obese parturients
Authors: Kim Sang Tae
Published: October 2021

The prevalence of obese parturients is increasing worldwide. This review describes safe analgesic techniques for labor and anesthetic management during cesarean sections in obese parturients. The epidural analgesic technique is the best way to provide good pain relief during the labor phase and can be easily converted to a surgical anesthetic condition. However, the insertion of the epidural catheter in obese parturients is technically more difficult compared to that in non-obese parturients. The distance from the skin to the epidural space increases in proportion to the body mass index (BMI): 4.4 cm in mothers of normal weight and 7.5 cm in mothers with BMI 50 and above. Neuraxial blocks are the ideal anesthetic methods and gold standard techniques for cesarean section in pregnant women with obesity. Single-shot spinal anesthesia is the most common type of anesthesia used for cesarean sections. The advantage of single-shot spinal anesthesia is a dense-sufficient block of rapid onset. A combined spinal-epidural (CSE) anesthetic technique is also recommended as an attractive alternative method. In obese parturients, the operation time can be longer than expected, and therefore, the CSE technique provides the advantage of rapid onset and intense block for prolonged operation with postoperative pain control. The risk of postoperative complications is very high in obese parturients. Therefore, detailed communication of the parturient's medical condition and the details of surgery and anesthesia between the anesthesiologist and obstetrician is important prior to cesarean section in obese pregnant women.
Cybersecurity and Cybercrime: Dynamic Application versus Norm-Development
Authors: Segura-Serrano Antonio
Published: October 2021

The earliest approach by international lawyers to the question of cybersecurity was focused on collective security. Regarding this issue, there is consensus on the evolutionary and dynamic application, difficult in any case, of the basic rules concerning the prohibition of the threat and the use of force that already exists in the international order. However, cybersecurity does not only concern peace and security, as it is considered a problematic issue that poses various challenges from other international legal perspectives. This paper aims to analyse cybersecurity from this more holistic approach, pointing out the shortcomings of this evolutionary application as well as the efforts that have been carried out so far in order to promote international cooperation in this field so as to achieve norm-development.
Assessment of influence of rolling mill FC-AR electric drive operation mode on 10kV supply network voltage quality
Authors: Nikolaev A.A. , Gilemov I.G. , Bulanov M.V.
Published: October 2021

Advanced rolling mill electric drives are based on frequency converters (FC) with active rectifiers (AR). Operation of such converters has negative impact on the in-plant power supply system. To improve the voltage quality of active rectifiers, special algorithms of pulse-width modulation algorithms are used. As a rule, the study of the effect of electric drives with FC-AR on the supply network are carried out based on simplified mathematical models that do not consider possible resonance phenomena in the power supply system and operating mode of electric drives. Thus, the aim of the paper is to assess the acceptability of such an approach. The trends of the main parameters of the rolling mill electric drives have been recorded during the rolling cycle using the IBA PDA software. The obtained dependencies values have been approximated and applied in a complex simulation model of the in-plant power supply system. It considers the parameters of the supply network, cable lines, step-down transformers, rolling mill electric drives and other electrical receivers of the shop substations. The main assumption in simulation modeling is to consider the loads of other electrical receivers in the form of constant values. The authors have studied the effect of the operating modes of the rolling mill electric drive on the electric power quality in the 10 kV distribution network of the in-plant power supply system of a metallurgical enterprise. It is found that the total harmonic distortion KU at 10 kV sections of the main step-down substation of a metallurgical enterprise is changing in a nonlinear manner in the dynamic modes of acceleration and deceleration of electric drives. The nature of the coefficient KU also depends on the presence of resonance phenomena in the frequency response of the medium voltage supply network. The obtained results prove the need to consider the operating modes of electric drives when studying the influence of electric drives with FC-AR on the quality of the supply network voltage. in case we conduct experimental research using the equipment of the enterprises, as well as during theoretical research using mathematical models. The adequacy of the simulation model has previously been confirmed by experimental data and previous studies.
THE FRENCH FOUNDATIONS OF HUTTON’S THEORY OF THE EARTH, PART TWO: HUTTON’S DEBTS TO ROUELLE
Authors: TODD GREGORY F.W.
Published: October 2021

This contribution, in two parts, addresses a long-standing problem in the history of geology: Was the geological theory of James Hutton derived inductively from observations and scientific knowledge, or was it derived a priori as a speculative system? Hutton’s own writings do little to clarify the question, and the conflict in interpretations has remained at an impasse. This contribution proposes to resolve that conflict by focusing on the two years Hutton spent as a young man studying chemistry in Paris. I argue that Hutton studied with one of the great chemistry teachers of the eighteenth century, Guillaume-François Rouelle, and that Rouelle’s teachings provided the foundations of Hutton’s geological theory.

Part One of this contribution reviewed evidence that Hutton was a student of Rouelle’s, and concluded with a high degree of confidence, but less than certainty, that Hutton did study with Rouelle. In this Part Two, it is argued that Hutton adopted almost all the geological ideas found in Rouelle’s lectures. This Part Two also proposes a reconstruction of the development of Hutton’s cyclical model of Earth strata, taken as the starting point of his broader theory, to show that it developed from observations and inductions, and his study with Rouelle, and was not developed as an a priori system. That conclusion will require a new interpretation of Hutton’s theory, which should now be understood as part of a continuum of geological knowledge developing during the eighteenth century.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE MUSEUM IN ANTEBELLUM U.S. WESTERN TERRITORIAL EXPLORATION: PART 2. THE ROLES OF HAYDEN AND MEEK IN A PARADIGM SHIFT IN GEOLOGIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES
Authors: HARTMAN JOSEPH H.
Published: October 2021

Established under the antebellum leadership of Joseph Henry and Spencer Baird, the respect given the Smithsonian Institution had far-reaching effects on budding geological careers and the conservation and curation of fossils at national and state levels. Specifically, F. V. Hayden received sufficient perceived encouragement in his geological and natural history endeavors to prevail under no less than hardship conditions. Consequently, Hayden triumphed on his return from the field in 1856, with specimens that would quickly alter his immediate destiny and that of F. B. Meek. The five documents accepted for publication in 1856 by the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia produced not only a large number of new species, but Hayden’s northern Great Plains stratigraphy and a biostratigraphic/biochronologic catalog of species original to western studies. Others were now also repeatedly citing Hayden with Meek for non-molluscan specimens based on his collections, with new species named in his honor. The nature of western geological exploration changed because of Hayden’s successful employment as geologist and naturalist to the G. K. Warren and W. F. Raynolds Missouri and Yellowstone expeditions. Onsite, ‘fact-based’ mapping with fossils in stratigraphic sections were arguably now required. No more qualified or experienced individual left the western territories as the Civil War commenced.

Meek’s deathbed monograph provided a redescription and the first figures of Meek and Hayden 1856 taxa. Although there are reasons suggested herein, a conundrum exists as to why Meek replaced many 1856 ‘types’ with different specimens, sometimes from different localities. The specimens used in the 1856 Meek and Hayden papers were first unpacked for study by Meek and Hayden in Albany. Shipment of fossils from field to museum, however, was not without peril. The presumption is that the specimens accompanied Meek when he moved to Washington in 1858.

A National Museum sponsored and implemented program fostered an ever-expanding ‘duplicate’ distribution of specimens to national and international institutions. Henry and Baird were dedicated to this program. Starting in 1861, surplus fossil invertebrates were removed from National Museum holdings. Many thousands of specimens were transferred, with nearly one thousand specimens documented in a single shipment to one institution. How much of the Hayden collection was affected and how many types were redistributed is as of yet unknown. The remaining Hayden collection in the National Museum is pared-down to type and figured specimens. Hayden’s ‘buckets’ of specimens are being, in some cases, slowly virtually repatriated.
INFLUENCE OF GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE COSMOVISION OF THE MAPUCHE NATIVE PEOPLE IN SOUTH CENTRAL CHILE
Authors: BASTÍAS C.A. , CHARRIER R. , MILLACURA C.V. , AGUIRRE L. , HERVÉ F. , FARÍAS M.A.
Published: October 2021

We present an interpretation of how natural geological and meteorological events influenced the cosmovision of the Mapuche people from south-central Chile. These events resulted from the geodynamic conditions and related processes occurring along the South American active continental margin and the climatic conditions in the region. Their influence on the Mapuche cosmovision is clearly reflected in the most important myths and legends of the Mapuche acquired knowledge. One particularly illustrative myth refers to the combat between two huge snakes, Trentrén and Kaikai. Kaikai, representing the ocean, continuously tries to encroach upon the earth, and Trenten, representing the earth, opposes Kaikai by uplifting the ground to save the inhabitants. This is interpreted as an allegory for what happens during earthquakes when the back-and-forth movement of tsunami waves makes it appear as if the earth sinks and uplifts. Several hills named Trentrén are topographic heights that people can climb to be safe from the effects of the tsunamis. Other myths and legends refer to other characteristic geological phenomena in this particularly active tectonic environment. This article illustrates how the mythical interpretation of geological events configured the understanding of the surrounding world and produced the exquisite body of myths and legends in the Mapuche culture.
Applying the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in establishing a rehabilitation diagnosis for patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Petrov K. V. , Mozheyko E. Yu. , Shnayder N. A. , Petrova M. M. , Narodova E. A.
Published: October 2021

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a globally recognized classification for health components and health-related factors, which has been recommended by the World Health Organization for use in medical rehabilitation. In the practice of a rehabilitation doctor dealing with patients suffering from juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), the ICF is used to establish a rehabilitation diagnosis and formulate the goal of rehabilitation, as well as to implement its basic principles. It provides better insight into a range of difficulties patients with JME might face at the level of personal health and in everyday life.
Reiterating the role of corpus callosum in generalization of interictal and ictal epileptiform discharges: a case report with post-callosotomy intracranial electroencephalography in Lennox–Gastaut syndrome
Authors: Gopinath S. , Pillai A. , Diwan A. G. , Pattisapu J. V. , Radhakrishnan K.
Published: October 2021

Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is an epileptic encephalopathy characterized by delayed mental development and intractable multiple seizure types, predominantly tonic. Drop attacks are the commonest and the most disabling type of seizures. Resective surgery is often not possible in LGS as the electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities are usually multifocal and generalized, and magnetic resonance image is often either normal or multilesional. We report a case of LGS with bilateral parieto-occipital gliosis where EEG before and after callosotomy demonstrated synchronized bilateral interictal epileptiform discharges and ictal discharges becoming desynchronized and running down. This phenomenon emphasizes the role of the corpus callosum in secondary bilateral synchrony.
Neuroimaging predictors of structural epilepsy in the COVID-19 catamnesis
Authors: Maslov N. E. , Yuryeva N. V. , Khamtsova E. I. , Litvinova A. A.
Published: October 2021

Respiratory system pathology is the most common clinical disorder associated with COVID-19. However, there are also lesions of the immune, cardiovascular, genitourinary, endocrine systems, and digestive tract. In addition, there are numerous reports on infection-related neurological manifestations, which can be divided into 3 groups: central nervous system manifestations (headache and dizziness, stroke, encephalopathy, encephalitis, acute myelitis), lesions of the peripheral nervous system (anosmia, Guillain–Barre syndrome), secondary lesions in the skeletal muscles. Brain damage that occurs during novel coronavirus infection and determines some of the above-mentioned manifestations often account for the development of structural epilepsies. Only a few scarce review articles on neuroimaging features in patients with COVID-19 have been found in Russian research publications.The objective of the review was to collect, analyze and summarize the results of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), currently accumulated worldwide in patients with COVID-19. We present the most common diagnoses based on brain MRI in patients with COVID-19 established by foreign researchers from March 2020 to March 2021, as well as initial attempts to interpret the pathophysiological mechanisms of the changes observed in the brain substance.
JUSUF: Modular Tier-2 Supercomputing and Cloud Infrastructure at Jülich Supercomputing Centre
Authors: Von St. Vieth Benedikt
Published: October 2021

JUSUF is a petaflop supercomputer operated by Jülich Supercomputing Centre at Forschungszentrum Jülich as a European supercomputing and cloud resource. JUSUF was funded via the ICEI project and especially serves the Human Brain Project and PRACE via ICEI and the Fenix Research Infrastructure. The system consists of two parts, an HPC cluster partition and an Infrastructure-as-a-Service cloud partition. The system entered production phase in spring 2020. It is based on the Bull X400 product family with AMD Rome processors, partially accelerated by Nvidia V100 GPUs, and Nvidia Mellanox HDR InfiniBand.
JUWELS Cluster and Booster: Exascale Pathfinder with Modular Supercomputing Architecture at Juelich Supercomputing Centre
Authors: Alvarez Damian
Published: October 2021

JUWELS is a multi-petaflop modular supercomputer operated by Juelich Supercomputing Centre at Forschungszentrum Juelich as a European and national supercomputing resource for the Gauss Centre for Supercomputing. In addition, JUWELS serves the Earth system modeling community and the AI community within the Helmholtz Association as well. JUWELS currently consists of two modules. The first module deployed in 2018 is the so-called Cluster module. The Cluster is a BullSequana X1000 system with Intel Xeon Skylake-SP processors and Mellanox EDR InfiniBand. The second module deployed in 2020 is the so-called Booster module. The Booster is a BullSequana XH2000 system with 2nd generation AMD EPYC processors, NVIDIA Ampere GPUs and NVIDIA/Mellanox HDR Infiniband. This paper describes in detail the architecture of the system from a users perspective, and additionally provides further insights into the administrative infrastructure used to operate the supercomputer.
Audiologic classification of neurosensory hypoacusis
Authors: Palchun V. T. , Sagalovich B. M.
Published: October 2021

The true and quasineurosensory hypoacusis is well-founded, the possibilities to distinguish the neurosensory hypoacusis with the presence of vestibular pathology and without it are considered. The basic regulations of differentiation of the sudden and acute neurosensory hypoacusis are given.
Lasertherapy and a new surgical method of the treatment or vasomotor rhinitis
Authors: Mitin Y. V. , Mikhailovsky D. O.
Published: October 2021

In unsuccessful conservative therapy it is advisable touse the original method of surgical intervention: a cryoprobe point is brought into the submucous space of the inferior turbinated bone and after preliminary process of freezing it is removed with freezing soft tissue block. Positive results are obtained in 90% of the patients.
About the Takata-Ara reaction
Authors: Toporkov I. A.
Published: October 2021

In 1926, the Japanese authors Takata and Ara proposed a simplified colloidal fuchsino-sulemic reaction, since the formulation of such colloidal reactions as the golden Lange, the mastic Emanuel and the paraffin Kaffka are technically complex. The goal of the reaction is the difference between the normal cerebrospinal fluid from the pathologically altered as a result of monetary or inflammatory processes in the center. nervous system.
Two words about the article of Dr. M. P. Shatkinsky "On purulent appendicitis"
Authors: Manuilov V. P.
Published: October 2021

The question is about the operation of appendicitis in the so-called. "Intermediate" period. Recently, says MP Shatkinsky, we have all learned to successfully operate on appendicitis, both in the froid stage, which some (Ochkin, Rozanov) consider the operation of choice, and in the acute period (the first 24-48 hours), and % of mortality for some authors is close to 0. Less popular among us and very common among the French to operate not only on the first and second days, but also on the 5-6th day (Ren). 1. p. p. 745. In a footnote, the author of the Russians indicates only two authors who operate in this "interstitial" period: Krasintsev in Moscow and Milostanov in Kharkov.
A case of common spontaneous oleogranuloma
Authors: Pshenichnikov V. N.
Published: October 2021

Oleogranuloma, a peculiar change in the subcutaneous fatty tissue, was quite often observed in our typhoid epidemics of 1918-22. At the end of this period, this suffering, as a complication after typhus, was sufficiently studied. At the same time, similar changes in adipose tissue were found in cases not related to typhus. The latter group includes our case, which is distinguished by the universality of the distribution of oleogranulomas.
A case of endophlebitis productiva inferior vena cava
Authors: Abramov A. V.
Published: October 2021

To the gynecological department of the City hospital of Krasnodar 17. II. 26, a 32-year-old woman was admitted. with complaints of an increase in the size of the abdomen. She is married 10 years old, there were no pregnancies. Diagnosis: cystoma ovarii sin. During the operation, a lot of serous fluid is released from the abdominal cavity. On the left, an ovarian cyst, the volume of a child's head, and hydrosalpinx were removed. Histological examination of the cyst gave the usual picture of the structure of a single-chamber cyst.
Sachs-Georgi reaction at the site
Authors: Kamaev M. F.
Published: October 2021

One of the difficulties in the work of a district doctor is the impossibility, for a number of reasons, to use even such laboratory research data, which, in the conditions of large city medical institutions, are an integral part of a patient's clinical examination. Forced, therefore, when making a diagnosis and subsequent treatment based solely on the existing picture of the disease and anamnesis, the district doctor is thus pushed back decades ago from his urban colleagues, who have the opportunity to use in their daily work many of the most valuable achievements of scientific medicine of the last decades requiring an appropriate laboratory environment. One such achievement is undoubtedly Wassermann's reaction, without which every doctor working in the countryside often has to spend a lot of work and try out methods of treatment before establishing the true etiology of the suffering he is using. The presence of such cases in district practice is all the more inevitable because, as can be judged on the basis of the literature, typical exvisit forms of syphilis in recent years have begun to occur much less frequently, giving way to various manifestations of visceral lues.
Suprarenal cortical extract against adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
Authors: Kramov N.
Published: October 2021

Contrary to the generally accepted view that Addison's disease develops as a result of insufficient epinephrine secretion by the adrenal medulla Rogoff and Stewart (A. MA, 1929, 11 / V) see the cause of this disease in the insufficiency of the adrenal cortex. The product interrenalin isolated from this layer, which was used by the authors on dogs with removed adrenal glands and on patients with Addison's disease, gave extremely favorable results. Interrenaline was administered intravenously to dogs, per os in humans. The authors cite 7 case histories where, after the administration of this drug, the symptoms of Addison's disease improved or disappeared: blood pressure increased, bronze color disappeared, gastrointestinal disorders stopped and weakness disappeared, etc.
Reaction of the thyroid gland with infections in the body
Authors: Kramov N.
Published: October 2021

Cole and Womack (A. M. A., 9 / II 1929) establish the presence of changes in the thyroid gland in laboratory animals and humans as a result of infections (B. diphtheriae, B. coli, B. anthracis, rheumatism, etc.). Experiments on dogs with toxemia or a septic process showed hyperplasia in the thyroid gland, a decrease in colloid, desquamation in the acini, and a decrease in iodine. In humans, the same changes were found only to a lesser extent. Metabolism is increased by 30-40% in both cases. The administration of iodine per os in animals gave a decrease in the indicated symptoms and even protected them from them. These experimental, clinical and pathological observations support the theory that the thyroid gland plays an active role in the body's resistance to toxins and infections.
To the diagnosis of intra-abdominal bleeding
Authors: Tsimkhes I.
Published: October 2021

K. Lange (Zentrlbl. F. Chir. 1929, No. 36) with unclear and severe cases of abdominal bleeding attaches great importance to the Klenkampff symptom: a pronounced sensitivity of the abdominal wall to percussion with almost or complete absence of tension of the abdominal wall.
Is there a primary gummy cavernite?
Authors: Dmitriev A.
Published: October 2021

S. Funk (Derm. Ztschr. Bd. 55, H. 3, 1929) describes 4 cases observed over the last 3 years at the R. Virchow hospital in Berlin, of which 3 cases of primary gummy cavernitis and 1 case of secondary cavernitis with ulcerated gum. Based on his observations, the author believes that gummy cavernitis affects, in contrast to induratio penis plastica, which is localized strictly between the skin and the corpora cavernosa, the most cavernous bodies; the very name cavernitis means an inflammatory condition, which is a specific granuloma, which we call gum or syphiloma.