bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O sentido e a emoção no conteúdo do motivo da atividade de estudo
Authors: Sousa Valdirene Gomes de , Lemos Lucas Vieira , Saccon Karoline Pignatel
Published: June 2021

Neste artigo, fazemos uma reflexão na forma de ensaio bibliográfico sobre o conteúdo que move o estudante à atividade de estudo. Com base nos fundamentos teóricos da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, referente aos elementos básicos da estrutura da atividade humana, por Leontiev e Davídov, analisamos o lugar do sentido e da emoção na atividade do estudante. O objetivo foi identificar relações dos sentidos e das emoções que surgem como conteúdo do motivo na atividade de estudo. As reflexões resultam das leituras teóricas e das vivências dos três professores autores. Consideramos a atividade de estudo (objeto de análise) pelo viés da estrutura geral da atividade. Dessa correlação, identificamos o desejo, a vontade e a significação como nexos que ligam os sentidos e as emoções ao motivo da atividade, ou seja, como conteúdo deste.
Desenvolvimento de uma situação desencadeadora de aprendizagem do conceito de ângulo por meio de quatro ações de estudo davidovianas em um contexto de formação inicial de professores
Authors: Rosa Josélia Euzébio da , Becker Frank
Published: June 2021

A presente pesquisa, de natureza experimental, objetivou investigar o desenvolvimento do pensamento matemático em nível teórico, mediado pelo conceito de número, a partir da grandeza ângulo. Um Experimento Didático Desenvolvimental foi realizado com estudantes do Curso de Pedagogia. A dialética foi adotada como método de ensino e de pesquisa. Buscou-se desenvolver uma síntese histórica dos conceitos matemáticos a partir de Situações Desencadeadoras de Aprendizagem. Nesse sentido, indícios de desenvolvimento do pensamento matemático em nível teórico foram reunidos. Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade e algumas possibilidades de ressignificação do modo de organização do ensino no contexto da formação inicial de professores pesquisado.
A resistência do território indígena ante o avanço do capital:
Authors: Lima Érica Franciele da Silva , Santos Flávio dos
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo realizar uma análise da resistência do território indígena frente a ofensiva do capital, tendo como referência as práticas culturais da comunidade indígena Jeripankó, localizada no Alto Sertão de Alagoas. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida tendo como aporte epistemológico o Materialismo Histórico-Dialético, método que fornece as ferramentas necessárias para a realização de uma leitura crítica da sociedade, bem como por meio das técnicas da observação, do registro fotográfico e de entrevistas semiestruturadas, procedimentos realizados na comunidade referida. De posse dos elementos teóricos e dos resultados obtidos na pesquisa de campo, constatamos que o território sob domínio do capital é antagônico ao território indígena, uma vez que o primeiro está centrado na busca incessante pelo lucro, enquanto o segundo se constitui como um espaço de vida, fruto de relações sociais pautadas nas tradições religiosas, culturais e afetivas, sendo esse fato evidenciado no território Jeripankó, onde se materializa um conjunto de práticas ritualísticas e cotidianas que fazem emergir as territorialidades da referida comunidade, constituindo desse modo um território de vida para os Jeripankó, ancorado na convivência harmoniosa e coletiva.
A fronteira agrícola e os conflitos territoriais no Norte do Tocantins (Brasil)
Authors: Reinaldo Thayssllorranny Batista , De Oliveira Alexandra Maria
Published: June 2021

Os estudos fronteiriços têm ocupado debates importantes, sobretudo, na ciência geográfica, recebendo ao longo do tempo e do espaço diferentes definições, deixando de ser vista apenas como delimitação de um mapa, e passando a ser compreendida também enquanto um processo complexo e contraditório, envolvendo diferentes sujeitos sociais. Martins (2009) afirma que a melhor caracterização de um espaço fronteiriço é o conflito que nele ocorre. Esse artigo tem por objetivo revelar conflitos sociais no Norte do Estado do Tocantins na Amazônia Legal, ocorridos, muitas vezes, no processo de expansão da fronteira agrícola em terras ocupadas por camponeses posseiros. Para tal, foram utilizadas as seguintes referências teóricas (Martins, 2009; Furtado, 2014; Machado, 1992 e Lopes, 2018) e visitas a campo (no ano de 2019) com entrevistas semiestruturadas e registros fotográficos. A resistência dos camponeses do Acampamento Gabriel Filho em Palmeirante-To, tem se configurado em ações de luta pela terra. Na vida de acampado, situações conflituosas envolvendo os camponeses e os empresários capitalistas são identificadas em depoimentos que envolvem intimidação, perseguição e medo da morte.
A valorização da identidade camponesa:
Authors: Gama Lívia Thaysa Santos de Albuquerque , Santos e Santos Cirlene Jeane
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho apresenta discussões relacionadas a identidade camponesa e discorre sobre a organização do processo produtivo do campesinato a partir de uma investigação realizada no povoado Serrote Grande, em Craíbas/AL. Objetiva-se por meio deste, evidenciar a importância da identidade camponesa, destacando o camponês como o sujeito que vive e produz no campo. Também discute como se dá o processo produtivo no campesinato presente no lócus da pesquisa, está teve caráter qualitativo com abordagem exploratória, foram utilizados como procedimentos metodológicos: levantamento bibliográfico, atividades de campo, aplicação de questionários e realização de entrevistas. Como resultados, tem-se a caracterização da comunidade em questão como campesina, por apresentar em sua gênese características elementares comuns ao campesinato, constituindo-se em um povoado no qual a religião católica possui grande relevância, sendo marcado por relações patriarcais e tendo a agricultura como principal ocupação dos camponeses residentes. O fumo é o principal cultivo e fonte de renda das famílias. A produção se estabelece através do trabalho familiar e as práticas de ajuda mútua.
Os caminhos do turismo comunitário
Authors: Santos Lara Maia dos , Santos Camila Dutra dos
Published: June 2021

A presença da carcinicultura e da empresa eólica na comunidade quilombola-pesqueira do Cumbe (Aracati, Ceará, Brasil), cria e intensifica o racismo ambiental, configurando diversos conflitos socioambientais neste território tradicional. Em meio a isto, a comunidade busca proteger a identidade, história e o modo de vida de seu povo quilombola. Uma dessas resistências é o turismo comunitário, que colabora na visibilidade e defesa territorial. Este artigo analisa como a prática do turismo comunitário se configura como afirmação e valorização do território quilombola-pesqueiro do Cumbe. A metodologia baseou-se em levantamento bibliográfico-documental e pesquisa de campou, com a vivência das pesquisadoras em práticas coletivas organizadas dentro do território, lançando mão de processos participativos e da cartografia social. A partir do turismo comunitário, o Cumbe evidencia resistências territoriais, em meio ao avanço de empreendimentos dominantes que ameaçam o modo de vida, a história e a natureza deste território quilombola-pesqueiro.
A case of tracheal foreign body encountered in a Kangal dog: clinical, radiological, endoscopic findings and treatment
Authors: HAN Mehmet C. , SAGLIYAN Aydin , POLAT Eren
Published: June 2021

The subject of this study was a dog brought to our clinic with complaints of severe cough, dyspnea and anorexia. During the clinical examination, a hard mass was detected by palpation of the neck area. Vomiting reflex was observed. As a result of radiographic and endoscopic examination, a foreign body was found in the caudal part of the larynx. After the diagnosis was made, the patient was anesthetized and the foreign body was removed with forceps from the oral cavity. During the postoperative period, the patient was administered parenteral antibiotics and intraoral antiseptic for a week. The approach to foreign body cases in the respiratory tract of dogs is discussed.
Oncological principles in spinal tumor surgery
Authors: Zaborovskii N. S. , Ptashnikov D. A. , Mikhaylov D. A. , Smekalenkov O. A. , Masevnin S. V.
Published: June 2021

Surgical intervention remains the cornerstone of the treatment of patients with spinal tumors. The presented literature review includes also the authors’ personal experience in the treatment of tumors. Pain relief, local control of a neoplasm growth and preservation of body functions are the main goals of this pathology treatment.

Treatment of spinal tumors is based on the biology, location and extent of the neoplasm. If surgical treatment is indicated, en-bloc resection is the preferred method. This operation is based on the complete removal of the tumor in a single block entirely covered by a shell of healthy tissue. This surgical procedure can be challenging due to the proximity of the neural structures. Moreover, achieving clean resection margin around the tumor often requires the sacrifice of adjacent anatomic structures. A more comprehensive approach requires a combination of surgery, systemic therapy and radiotherapy to improve outcomes in patients with advanced spinal tumors.

The fulfillment of oncological principles is fundamental to achieving best treatment outcomes for spinal tumors.
Revaluation as a Model of Subsequent Measurement of Property, Plant, and Equipment – Case of Croatia
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, Hladika Mirjana , Gulin Damir ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, Bernat Ivana ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb
Published: June 2021

Accounting standards allow the application of two models for subsequent measurement of property, plant, and equipment, and those are the cost model and the revaluation model. The application of a certain model depends on the manager’s choice of accounting policy. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the application of the revaluation model for subsequent measurement of property, plant, and equipment in Croatian companies. Further goals are to examine how the fair value for revalued assets is determined, and what the level is of disclosed information about the determined fair value and the revaluation. The theoretical part of the paper analyzes different models for measurement of property, plant, and equipment, the issue of determining fair value, and disclosure requirements according to national and international accounting standards. The empirical part of the paper is conducted on 500 large and medium-sized Croatian companies from the service (utilities), production, and tourism sectors. Particular attention is placed on the notes to the financial statements of these companies. The research covers the period from 2014 to 2018. Collected data are analyzed by using descriptive statistics methods, point-biserial correlation, and Pearson correlation coefficient.
Six Weeks of Hip Joint Training Using a Novel Multihip Joint Board Improves Sprint Performance in Competitive Collegiate Male Sprinters
Authors: Nakata Hideomi , Nakanishi Yasuto , Otsuki Shingo , Mizuno Masuhiko , Connor Jonathan , Doma Kenji
Published: June 2021

Nakata, H, Nakanishi, Y, Otsuki, S, Mizuno, M, Connor, J, and Doma, K. Six weeks of hip joint training using a novel multihip joint board improves sprint performance in competitive collegiate male sprinters. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2891–2897, 2022—In a previous study, we identified the possibility that hip joint training using a multihip joint board (MHJB) may increase the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the psoas major (PM) muscle and improve sprint performance. However, the preliminary study reported descriptive findings because of a limited sample size. Therefore, we aimed to investigate and statistically infer the effects of the MHJB training protocol with a larger sample of male collegiate sprinters. The sprinters were randomly assigned to either the MHJB group (n = 7) or the control group (n = 7). The MHJB protocol consisted of 7 separate exercises targeting the development of the hip musculature, all using the MHJB device. The MHJB group undertook the MHJB protocol 3 times per week for 6 weeks, after their normal daily workout, whereas the control group completed their normal daily workout without the MHJB protocol. Sprint performance was recorded from official 100-m competitions before, and after, the 6-week training period. At the end of the training period, significantly greater improvement in PM CSA and 100-m sprint was noted in the MHJB group compared with the control group. These findings confirm the efficacy of MHJB training for increasing PM CSA and improve sprint performance in competitive male sprinters.
Effects of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Neuromuscular Performance and Body Composition in Elite Futsal Players
Authors: Spyrou Konstantinos , Alcaraz Pedro E. , Marín-Cascales Elena , Herrero-Carrasco Rubén , Cohen Daniel D. , Calleja-Gonzalez Julio , Pereira Lucas A. , Loturco Irineu , Freitas Tomás T.
Published: June 2021

Spyrou, K, Alcaraz, PE, Marín-Cascales, E, Herrero-Carrasco, R, Cohen, DD, Calleja-Gonzalez, J, Pereira, LA, Loturco, I, and Freitas, TT. Effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on neuromuscular performance and body composition in elite futsal players. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2309–2315, 2021—Recent world events (i.e., COVID-19 pandemic) led to an unparalleled situation in sports. Players were forced to stay at home for a prolonged period and not allowed to use their team's training facilities or even exercise outdoors. The main aim of this study was to examine the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on neuromuscular performance and body composition in futsal players. Ten elite male players performed a 10-m sprint, horizontal and vertical jump, and body composition measurements before and after the quarantine (i.e., 70 days). Pre-post confinement differences in horizontal jump distance, countermovement jump variables, sprinting time, and body composition were analyzed by a paired sample t-test and effect sizes (ESs). A large and significant decline was observed in sprint ability (p = 0.004; ES = 1.31). Small and nonsignificant differences were found in horizontal jump performance (p = 0.243; ES = −0.39). Nonsignificant differences were observed in countermovement jump (CMJ) height (p = 0.076; ES = −0.63) but moderate-to-large significant declines were found in CMJ eccentric deceleration impulse, rate of force development, peak power, velocity, and landing peak force (p ≤ 0.05; ES = −0.52 – 1.23). Finally, trivial and nonsignificant differences were obtained on body composition parameters. In summary, sprint performance and specific CMJ kinetic variables were significantly affected by long-term reduced training, whereas vertical jump height and horizontal jump distance and body composition were not. Practitioners are advised to implement efficient sprint-oriented and eccentric-oriented training strategies to optimize return to competition after prolonged detraining periods.
Psychological and Physiological Changes in Response to the Cumulative Demands of a Women's Division I Collegiate Soccer Season
Authors: McFadden Bridget A. , Walker Alan J. , Bozzini Brittany N. , Hofacker Morgan , Russell Mark , Arent Shawn M.
Published: June 2021

McFadden, BA, Walker, AJ, Bozzini, BN, Hofacker, M, Russell, M, and Arent, SM. Psychological and physiological changes in response to the cumulative demands of a women's division I collegiate soccer season. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1373–1382, 2022—This study sought to determine the effects of a women's collegiate soccer season on psychological markers, biomarkers, sleep, and performance. Athletes participated in maximal countermovement vertical jump height (CMJ) assessments and biomarker monitoring in conjunction with subjective measures of psychological wellness and sleep questionnaires before preseason (S1) and every 4 weeks following (S2, S3, and S4). Training was monitored during practices and games using global positioning satellite systems and heart rate technology. Total training load was highest from S1 to S2, decreased from S2 to S3 (effect size [ES] = -2.5; p < 0.001), and remained stable from S3 to S4. CMJ declined at S2 (ES1-2 = −0.51; p = 0.001) and returned to baseline at S3. Increases from S1 to S2 were seen for creatine kinase (ES1-2 = 1.74), free testosterone (ES1-2 = 1.27), total testosterone (ES1-2 = 3.5), and free cortisol (ES1-2 = 0.88) (p < 0.03) before returning to baseline by S3 and S4 (free cortisol). Total cortisol was elevated throughout the season before declining at S4 (ES1-4 = −0.41; p = 0.03). Iron declined from S1 to S2 (ES1-2 = −0.73; p = 0.01) and returned to baseline values at S4, whereas growth hormone declined at S2 (ES1-2 = −0.50; p = 0.01) and remained depressed. Interleukin-6 increased at S4 (ES1-4 = 0.71; p = 0.02). Total training distress decreased from S1 to S2 (ES1-2 = −0.38; p = 0.02), returned to baseline by S3, and increased by S4 (ES1-4 = 0.57; p = 0.01). No changes were observed in markers of sleep (p > 0.05). Biomarkers showed notable changes after the highest workload period (S1-S2), which coincided with CMJ decrements. Biomarker perturbations preceded declines in subjective psychological wellness (S4) which occurred in the latter half of the season, indicating an accumulation of fatigue as the season progressed.
EFFECT OF H2O2 OXIDATION STRESS ON CAROTENOID PRODUCTION IN CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: YÜKSEL Çiğdem , ŞAHİN Saliha , ÇAKMAK Turgay
Published: June 2021

The effect of H2O2 oxidation stress on carotenoid production in C. reinhardtii and its antioxidant properties were investigated in this study. For this purpose, the amount of carotenoids determined by HPLC-DAD, total of phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities determined by Folin and CHROMAC methods respectively, in different oxidative stress conditions were studied. When the concentration of H2O2 was increased during the incubation period, total of phenolic content and antioxidant capacity value were decreased. In the same incubation period, HPLC-PDA results showed highest amounts of carotenoids in microalgae exposed to 1 μM H2O2 oxidative stress and it was thought that toxic dose might be in 20 μM oxidation media for microalgae. Thus, when the oxidative stress conditions were changed, the amounts of carotenoids and the structure of carotenoids could be changed. This study is important that the relationship between carotenoid and the power of oxidation stress in microalgae system.
Environmental drivers of spring primary production in Hudson Bay
Authors: Matthes L. C. , Ehn J. K. , Dalman L. A. , Babb D. G. , Peeken I. , Harasyn M. , Kirillov S. , Lee J. , Bélanger S. , Tremblay J.-É. , Barber D. G. , Mundy C. J.
Published: June 2021

Pertinent environmental factors influencing the microalgal bloom during sea-ice breakup in Hudson Bay were investigated in June 2018, producing the first observations of late spring primary production in the offshore waters of this vast inland sea. Phytoplankton production was found to commence at the onset of ice melt, with surface nutrient depletion leading to the formation of a subsurface chlorophyll maximum in the open waters of western Hudson Bay. Concurrently, the melting mobile ice cover in central Hudson Bay created favorable conditions for a diatom-dominated under-ice bloom, with photosynthetic characteristics and relatively high production confirming that phytoplankton cells were able to acclimate to increasing light levels. Lower mean values of phytoplankton production and total chlorophyll a (TChl a) concentration observed under the sea ice (414 mg C m–2 d–1 and 33.7 mg TChl a m–2) than those observed in open waters during the late bloom stage in the western region (460 mg C m–2 d–1 and 53.5 mg TChl a m–2) were attributed to reduced under-ice light levels and low surface concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (<2 μmol L–1) in central Hudson Bay. However, the highly abundant subice diatom, Melosira arctica, was estimated to contribute an additional 378 mg C m–2 d–1 to under-ice production in this region. Therefore, this subice algal bloom appears to play a similar role in the seasonally ice-covered sub-Arctic as in the central Arctic Ocean where it contributes significantly to local production. By updating historical total production estimates of Hudson Bay ranging between 21.5 and 39 g C m–2 yr–1 with our late spring observations including the novel observation of M. arctica, annual production was recalculated to be 72 g C m–2 yr–1, which equates to mean values for interior Arctic shelves.
Short-animation video in web meeting classes for secondary school learners’ EFL writing achievement
Authors: Sari Dwi Nikita , Susilo Susilo , Limbong Efendi
Published: June 2021

The study aims at investigating whether there is an effect of short animation video on the EFL narrative writing achievement of the secondary school EFL learners in the circumstance where web meeting was becoming the class. The study was an experimental study using Static Group Comparison Design. Respondents participated in the study were the 8th Graders of SMP Negeri 18 Samarinda, Indonesia. There were 32 students in the experimental group and the other 32 students in the control group. The data were collected by conducting writing tests, i.e. post-test for both the experimental and control groups. Independent sample t-test was used to test the significant difference for pre and post-test scores. The results revealed that the students under the experimental group (M = 83.22, SD = 7.979, N = 32) performed higher in scores on their narrative writing achievement than the students under the control group (M = 76.00, SD = 9.824, N = 32), t(32) = 3.227, p < .002, two-tailed. It means there is a significant difference between narrative writing achievement of the students under the experimental group and those under the control group.  This finding implies there is a significant effect of short animation video on the narrative EFL writing achievement of the secondary school EFL learners.
Disruption of endothelial Pfkfb3 ameliorates diet-induced murine insulin resistance
Authors: Yang Qiuhua , Xu Jiean , Ma Qian , Liu Zhiping , Zhou Yaqi , Cai Yongfeng , Mao Xiaoxiao , Stepp David , Weintraub Neal , Fulton David J , Hong Mei , Huo Yuqing
Published: June 2021

Overnutrition-induced endothelial inflammation plays a crucial role in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance in animals. Endothelial glycolysis plays a critical role in endothelial inflammation and proliferation, but its role in diet-induced endothelial inflammation and subsequent insulin resistance has not been elucidated. PFKFB3 is a critical glycolytic regulator, and its increased expression has been observed in adipose vascular endothelium of C57BL/6J mice fed with HFD in vivo, and in palmitate (PA)-treated primary human adipose microvascular endothelial cells (HAMECs) in vitro. We generated mice with Pfkfb3 deficiency selective for endothelial cells to examine the effect of endothelial Pfkfb3 in endothelial inflammation in metabolic organs and in the development of HFD-induced insulin resistance. EC Pfkfb3-deficientmice exhibited mitigated HFD-induced insulin resistance, including decreased body weight and fat mass, improved glucose clearance and insulin sensitivity, and alleviated adiposity and hepatic steatosis. Mechanistically, cultured PFKFB3 knockdown HAMECs showed decreased NF-κB activation induced by PA, and consequent suppressed adhesion molecule expression and monocyte adhesion. Taken together, these results demonstrate that increased endothelial PFKFB3 expression promotes diet-induced inflammatory responses and subsequent insulin resistance, suggesting that endothelial metabolic alteration plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF Artemisia pallens lEAVES IN CLOFIBRATE AND PHENOL TREATED FRESHWATER FISH Pangasius Sp.
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology , Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Rajalakshmi Nagar , Chennai, India, Geetha B. Vijaya
Published: June 2021

Aim: The key motive was to investigate the toxicological upshot of clofibrate and phenol prescribed under human medicine, having potential in water and sediments contamination via input from sewage treatment plants as active pharmaceutical ingredients’ discharge into the environment had kindled present catastrophic effects upon the aquatic ecosystem. Methods: The present study involved, exposing the fish model, Pangasius sp. after acclimatizing them at a suitable LC50 concentration of selective drugs. Their toxic effects were studied in terms of oxidative stress markers, antioxidant status, and protein damage levels in the occupancies under the bioremediation source, Artemisia pallens and further supported by histopathological and cortisol level studies. Results: The results’ comparison between fish maintained under the bioremediation source, when exposed to clofibrate and phenol resulted in severe oxidative stress (significant *P<0.001, #P<0.001) with significant alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities (significant *P<0.001, #P<0.001), histopathological changes and cortisol levels. In the fish exposed to clofibrate and phenol, the significant increase in cortisol level (significant *P<0.05, #P<0.05) may confer distinctive effects on the cell survival by protecting against oxidative stress-induced changes. Conclusion: Since these results varied with the dwelling of the bioremediation source, determination of oxidative stress biomarkers in Pangasius along with Artemisia pallens may serve as a convenient approach for pollution biomonitoring.
Urgency and Impact Election Simultaneously Operate
Authors: Supriyanto Imam , Mufidah Mufidah
Published: June 2021

Istilah pemilu wujud nyata demokrasi prosedural, meskipun demokrasi tidak sama dengan pemilihan umum, namun pemilihan umum merupakan salah satu aspek demokrasi yang sangat penting yang juga harus diselenggarakan secara demokratis. Oleh karena itu, lazimnya di negara-negara yang menamakan diri sebagai negara demokrasi mentradisikan Pemilu untuk memilih pejabat-pejabat publik di bidang legislatif dan eksekutif baik di pusat maupun daerah. Demokrasi dan Pemilu yang demokratis saling merupakan “qonditio sine qua non”, the one can not exist without the others. Dalam arti bahwa Pemilu dimaknai sebagai prosedur untuk mencapai demokrasi atau merupakan prosedur untuk memindahkan kedaulatan rakyat kepada kandidat tertentu untuk menduduki jabatan-jabatan politik.
Ecological Effects of Climate-Driven Salinity Variation in the San Francisco Estuary: Can We Anticipate and Manage the Coming Changes?
Authors:   Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Ghalambor Cameron ,   Colorado State University, Grosholtz Edwin ,   University of California, Davis, Gross Edward ,   University of California, Davis, Jeffries Kenneth ,   University of Manitoba, Largier John ,   University of California, Davis, McCormick Stephen ,   US Geological Survey, Sommer Ted ,   California Department of Water Resources, Velotta Johnathan ,   University of Colorado, Denver, Whitehead Andrew ,   University of California, Davis
Published: June 2021

Climate change-driven sea level rise and altered precipitation regimes are predicted to alter patterns of salt intrusion within the San Francisco Estuary. A central question is: Can we use existing knowledge and future projections to predict and manage the anticipated ecological impacts? This was the subject of a 2018 symposium entitled “Ecological and Physiological Impacts of Salinization of Aquatic Systems from Human Activities.” The symposium brought together an inter-disciplinary group of scientists and researchers, resource managers, and policy-makers. Here, we summarize and review the presentations and discussions that arose during the symposium. From a historical perspective, salt intrusion has changed substantially over the past 10,000 years as a result of changing climate patterns, with additional shifts from recent anthropogenic effects. Current salinity patterns in the San Francisco Estuary are driven by a suite of hydrodynamic processes within the given contexts of water management and geography. Based on climate projections for the coming century, significant changes are expected in the processes that determine the spatial and temporal patterns of salinity. Given that native species—including fishes such as the Delta Smelt and Sacramento Splittail—track favorable habitats, exhibit physiological acclimation, and can adaptively evolve, we present a framework for assessing their vulnerability to altered salinity in the San Francisco Estuary. We then present a range of regulatory and structural management tools that are available to control patterns of salinity within the San Francisco Estuary. Finally, we identify major research priorities that can help fill critical gaps in our knowledge about future salinity patterns and the consequences of climate change and sea level rise. These research projects will be most effective with strong linkages and communication between scientists and researchers, resource managers, and policy-makers.
Use of the SmeltCam as an Efficient Fish Sampling Alternative Within the San Francisco Estuary
Authors:   US Geological Survey, Huntsman Brock , Feyrer Federick ,   US Geological Survey, Young Matthew ,   US Geological Survey
Published: June 2021

Resource managers often rely on long-term monitoring surveys to detect trends in biological data. However, no survey gear is 100% efficient, and many sources of bias can be responsible for detecting or not detecting biological trends. The SmeltCam is an imaging apparatus developed as a potential sampling alternative to long-term trawling gear surveys within the San Francisco Estuary, California, to reduce handling stress on sensitive species like the Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus). Although believed to be a reliable alternative to closed cod-end trawling surveys, no formal test of sampling efficiency has been implemented using the SmeltCam. We used a paired deployment of the SmeltCam and a conventional closed cod-end trawl within the Napa River and San Pablo Bay, a Bayesian binomial N-mixture model, and data simulations to determine the sampling efficiency of both deployed gear types to capture a Delta Smelt surrogate (Northern Anchovy, Engraulis mordax) and to test potential bias in our modeling framework. We found that retention efficiency—a component of detection efficiency that estimates the probability a fish is retained by the gear, conditional on gear contact—was slightly higher using the SmeltCam (mean = 0.58) than the conventional trawl (mean = 0.47, Probability SmeltCam retention efficiency > trawl retention efficiency = 94%). We also found turbidity did not affect the SmeltCam’s retention efficiency, although total fish density during an individual tow improved the trawl’s retention efficiency. Simulations also showed the binomial model was accurate when model assumptions were met. Collectively, our results suggest the SmeltCam to be a reliable alternative to sampling with conventional trawling gear, but future tests are needed to confirm whether the SmeltCam is as reliable when applied to taxa other than Northern Anchovy over a greater range of conditions.
O poder das ideias
Authors: Rocha de Carvalho Felipe
Published: June 2021

O objetivo principal deste artigo é discutir as principais contribuições da Teoria Construtivista enquanto uma abordagem teórica alternativa às escolas clássicas de Relações Internacionais. Primeiramente, é realizada uma breve contextualização histórica e acadêmica do surgimento da teoria, ocorrido em um contexto de mudança da ordem bipolar no Sistema Internacional. Em seguida, é feita uma revisão teórica sobre as definições construtivistas de alguns dos principais conceitos das Relações Internacionais, tais como anarquia, identidade e interesses. Finalmente, argumenta-se que o Construtivismo consiste em uma opção viável não apenas para a análise de acontecimentos no final da Guerra Fria, mas também acerca de fenômenos contemporâneos como a crise do modelo clássico de democracia.
Instituições e práticas econômicas em foco
Authors: Müller Lucia , Dios Maria Luísa Célia Escalona de
Published: June 2021

Breves reflexões sobre as contribuições das Ciências Sociais nas práticas econômicas e apresentação dos artigos que compõem o dossiê.
A review of safety considerations for batteries in aircraft with electric propulsion
Authors: Sripad Shashank , Bills Alexander , Viswanathan Venkatasubramanian
Published: June 2021

Modern aircraft designs for “more electric” and “fully electric” aircraft have large battery packs ranging from tens of kWh for urban aviation to hundreds or thousands of kWh for commercial aviation. Such large battery packs require careful consideration of the safety concerns unique to aviation. The most pertinent safety concerns related to batteries can be categorized into two broad areas: exothermic heat related events (thermal issues) and partial or complete loss of safety–critical power supply (functional issues). Degradation during operation of a battery can contribute to capacity fade, increased internal resistance, power fade, and internal short circuits, which lead to the loss of or decrease in propulsive power. When batteries are the primary source of onboard power and energy, it is crucial to be able to estimate their state-of-health in terms of capacity and power capability. Internal short circuits and other sources of excessive heat generation can lead to high temperatures within the cells of a battery pack leading to safety concerns and thermal events. One of the biggest risk factors for batteries used in aviation is the potential for thermal runaway where temperatures reach the flashpoint of one of the cell components, eventually cascading over multiple cells leading to system-wide battery pack failure and a fire hazard. This article reviews the current understanding of the safety concerns related to batteries in the context of urban and regional electric aviation.
Dispositivos para controle de aerossol durante atendimento odontológico em tempos de COVID-19
Authors: Carneiro Isabela Araújo de Sá , Figueira Manoela Almeida Santos , Soares Diego Moura
Published: June 2021

Objetivos: elencar os dispositivos que podem ser empregados para controle de aerossol entre paciente e os profissionais da odontologia durante o atendimento odontológico.Métodos: pesquisa quantitativa realizada através de buscas sistemáticas em sites e redes/mídias sociais abertas. Várias combinações de palavras chaves/termos foram realizadas e adaptadas para cada mídia social, sempre relacionados com “COVID-19”, “biossegurança”, “odontologia” e “aerossol”. Todas as buscas foram realizadas nos idiomas português e inglês e toda a busca foi feita entre os dias 11 a 19 de maio de 2020.Resultados: Após a análise, 10 imagens e/ou vídeos apresentavam relação com o objetivo do estudo e foram incluídos neste artigo. A maioria tratava-se de métodos extra-oral de controle de aerossol, apenas um poderia ser autoclavado e todos eram passiveis de reutilização.Conclusões: Vários dispositivos encontram-se relatados para diminuição de aerossóis durante consultas odontológicas, sendo a sua maioria extra-orais, mas é necessário que avaliem a efetividade de cada um desses modelos na prevenção da contaminação cruzada durante o atendimento odontológico.
Effect of temperature and slag powder on the cement-based ternary system
Authors: Yang Guang , Li Guoxin , Li Chujun , Luo Wei
Published: June 2021

Portland cement–aluminate cement–gypsum is a very complex gelling system and is currently widely used in various repair projects. Due to the influence of the construction environment, the system is greatly affected by temperature, and the main hydration product, ettringite, is volatile. Therefore, to test the fluidity, setting time and compressive strength of the ternary system at 20, 40 and 80°C, slag powders were added to study the influence of different curing temperatures and slag powders on the performance of the ternary system and X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the change mechanism. Due to the high temperature resistance and micro-aggregate effect of the slag powder, the high temperature strength loss of the ternary system was effectively compensated by the slag powder with the increase of temperature.
Elevating Legal Informatics in the Digital Age
Authors: Greenstein Stanley
Published: June 2021

The widespread use of digital technologies within society incorporating elements of artificial intelligence (AI) is increasing at a phenomenal rate. This technology promises a multitude of advantages for the development of society. However, it also entails risks. A characteristic of AI technology is that, in addition to using knowledge from computer science, it is increasingly being combined with insights from within the cognitive sciences. This deeper insight into human behavior combined with technology increases the ability of those who control the technology to not only predict but also manipulate human behavior. A function of the law is to protect individuals and society from risks and vulnerabilities, including those associated with technology. The more complex the technologies applied in society, the more difficult it may be to identify the potential harms associated with the technologies. Consequently, it is worthwhile discussing the extent to which the law protects society from the risks associated with technology. In applying the law, the dominant method is the “traditional legal science method.” It incorporates a dogmatic approach and can be described as the default legal problem-solving mechanism utilized by legal students and practitioners. A question that arises is whether it is equipped to meet the new demands placed on law in an increasingly technocratic society. Attempting to frame the modern risks to society using a traditional legal science method alone is bound to provide an unsatisfactory result in that it fails to provide a complete picture of the problem. Simply put, modern societal problems that arise from the use of new digital technologies are multidimensional in nature and require a multidisciplinary solution. In other words, applying a restrictive legal approach may result in solutions that are logical from a purely legal perspective but that are out of step with reality, potentially resulting in unjust solutions. This chapter examines the increased digitalization of society from the legal perspective and also elevates the application of the legal informatics approach as a means of better aligning research within in legal science with other disciplines.
Mining Art History: Bulk Converting Nonstandard PDFs to Text to Determine the Frequency of Citations and Key Terms in Humanities Articles
Authors: Wasielewski Amanda , Dahlgren Anna
Published: June 2021

Text mining in art history scholarship can tell us about the discipline itself, as well as artistic concerns at any given moment. The aim of this study is to develop and test a strategy for text mining from PDFs of journal articles that have nonstandard formatting and/or use notes rather than full bibliographies for references. While articles in the natural and social sciences typically adhere to standard formats, art history journals employ a variety of formatting styles that make bulk capture of citation and other textual data from the articles challenging. This study outlines a method by which researchers can extract data from journals articles, using a sample set from art history. Once extracted, the data from PDFs can be used to compare frequently used terms across samples and determine which scholars are most cited in either bibliographies or the main body text of articles. If the structure and layout of individual journals are carefully considered and the data is properly cleaned, a clear picture of the disciplinary influences and dependencies of the scholarship through citations and key terms can be obtained.
Perfil y características del emprendedor como aspectos determinantes en el progreso de ideas empresariales
Authors: Adie-Villafañe Jonathan , Cárdenas-Ortiz Luis-Carlos
Published: June 2021

Objetivo:  Este estudio caracterizó el perfil del emprendedor en los individuos participantes del programa de financiamiento al emprendedor Fondo Emprender, coordinado por el Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje (SENA) entre los años 2014 y 2018, a fin de conocer los aspectos de la dinámica emprendedora en el departamento del Atlántico. Método:  Para el desarrollo de la investigación se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo,  con paradigma empírico analítico, diseño no experimental y de tipo descriptivo, estudiando una muestra de 100 individuos emprendedores. Resultados y Discusión:  Del análisis del perfil emprendedor, fue posible apreciar una mayor participación del género femenino en la actividad emprendedora; rangos de edad entre los 10 y 34 años; nivel académico secundario, técnico y tecnólogo y, el sector empresarial servicios. Con respecto a las características del emprendedor, se observó una tendencia hacia el no cumplimiento en la capacidad de negociación, asunción de riesgos, innovación y creatividad, liderazgo de equipos, capacidad de trabajo, confianza en sí mismo y la flexibilidad y adaptarse a cambios. Conclusión: Es pertinente que, los programas de financiamiento al emprendedor como el Fondo Emprender, fomenten la necesidad de formación frecuente del emprendedor, en aras de educarse sobre maneras asertivas para establecer estrategias empresariales que garanticen su estabilidad organizacional.
El Presupuesto Participativo como mecanismo de participación ciudadana presente en los Estados de México
Authors: Rodríguez Burgos Karla , Guajardo Solís Marcela Cavazos
Published: June 2021

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo identificar el respaldo legal en materia de Presupuesto Participativo aplicando un análisis de contenido comparado de los mecanismos y leyes de Participación Ciudadana con que cuentan los 32 Estados de México. Entre los resultados obtenidos se detectó que 29 de los 32 Estados de México  cuentan con respaldo legal en el tema de participación ciudadana y solo 4 de éstos incluyen al Presupuesto Participativo como herramienta de participación, lo cual se presenta como un área de oportunidad para los Estados para involucrar más activamente a los ciudadanos, ya que esta herramienta es una forma exitosa a nivel mundial del involucramiento activo de los ciudadanos en las democracias participativas, permitiéndoles directamente la toma de decisiones, ejerciendo el presupuesto en donde consideren que es prioritario
Substantial Violation of Human Rights and Freedoms as a Prerequisite for Inadmissibility of Evidence
Authors: Yevhenovych Ablamskyi Serhii , Volodymyrivna Havryliuk Liudmyla , Georgievna Drozd Valentyna , Volodymyrivna Nenia Olena
Published: June 2021

Objective: The aim of the article is to analyze the various legal and theoretical provisions related to the determination of legal content of the concept of finding evidence inadmissible due to substantial violation of human rights and freedoms. Method: The authors use general scientific and special methods that enable to obtain scientifically sound conclusions and proposals. In particular, scientific methods, such as dialectical, comparative-legal, system-structural, generalization and logical, are applied. Results: The problematic issues of the procedure for finding evidence inadmissible due to substantial violation of human rights and freedoms in the criminal proceedings of Ukraine are studied. Some essential violations in collecting evidence by the prosecution are under focus. The ECHR’s case-law with regard to procedure for finding evidence inadmissible is analyzed. The implementation of the doctrine of "fruit of the poisonous tree" and specificity of its application to direct and derivative evidence by domestic courts and the case law of the ECHR is considered. Conclusions: The authors argue that the investigator is required to comply with the procedure for investigative actions prescribed by the provisions of the CPC of Ukraine in order to ensure human rights and freedoms. The analysis of the application of provisions of the CPC of Ukraine and the ECHR’s case law regarding the issue raised enables to formulate sound conclusions.
Finding and Defining Champions in a Rural Adult Education Intervention in Limpopo, South Africa
Authors: Thompson Rowan , Alant Busisiwe
Published: June 2021

This paper presents the outcomes of a community-based information communications technology (ICT) and basic adult education (BAE) nutrition training intervention for out-of-school young mothers (YMs) in a resource-limited rural village in eastern Limpopo Province, South Africa. YMs have been identified as a vulnerable and priority group for human development. Out-of-school YMs are often trapped in a cycle of poverty because they lack the resources and qualifications to compete outside their village environment. Implementation of the project's objectives to improve the nutritional and vocational skills education of the YMs was tracked to observe its empowering effect and the effectiveness of the community-based participatory action research (CBPAR) methodology in the implementation of the BAE. Voluntary sampling was used to purposively focus on seven of the 20 selected unemployed YMs between the ages of 18-30 years from this community. The findings revealed that the collaborative CBPAR approach enabled YMs to be empowered in their local community through active participation in the planning, trialling implementation, reflection, observation, and evaluation of the ICT and BAE nutrition course as an out-of-school adult learning experience. During these stages, some YMs displayed what may be considered "champion" behaviours such as higher levels of motivation in class, inviting others to the class, helping peers, regular attendance, and willingness to volunteer locally to access and assist with the facilitation of future courses. This study points to champions acting as catalysts to enable YMs and their older women mentors to fill different roles in the development and delivery of community-based BAE.
Enhancing the Management Performance of Departmental Heads in Primary and Secondary Schools: PAR as a Practice-Enhancing Process
Authors: Nhlapo Veli
Published: June 2021

The aim of this paper is to explain how participatory action research can be used to enhance the management competence of departmental heads (DHs) at primary and secondary schools. Research to improve the managerial performance of DHs tends to be steeped in a traditional mode of inquiry that merely highlights the challenges and makes recommendations in the hope that DHs will implement them. Teacher workshops aimed at improving their managerial capacity are often too theoretical and general, positioning teachers as passive recipients of knowledge rather than as active contributors. Departmental heads, like all teachers, should be viewed as professionals capable of overcoming their own challenges. In this study, engaging DHs in participatory action research allowed for the development of a participatory strategy to improve their performance as managers. The evidence presented here highlights the ontological and epistemological potency of participatory action research as a practice-enhancing process.