bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"Empresarização" e controle: o caso do Figueirense Futebol Clube
Authors: Gonçalves Julio Cesar de Santana , Silva Carlos Everaldo
Published: July 2012

Este artigo analisa como o processo de "empresarização" no Figueirense Futebol Clube (SC) influencia seus mecanismos de controle organizacional. Aqui, entende-se "empresarização" como o processo pelo qual uma organização adota características e traços típicos de organizações empresariais. O artigo caracteriza-se como descritivo-interpretativo, e a escolha desse clube deu-se de modo intencional e não probabilistico, porque reúne características que permitem situá-lo como caso ilustrativo das questões que permeiam este estudo e dada a sua representatividade no atual cenário futebolístico brasileiro. Neste estudo se percebeu que o clube de futebol tem modificado seus mecanismos de gestão e de controle, adaptando-se aos elementos caracterizadores da expansão da lógica de mercado presentes no ambiente. A perda da dimensão substantiva de atividades como o futebol é a preocupação de fundo que perpassa este artigo. Este questiona sobre o que irá substituir as práticas desportivas e também a cultura e o ócio na cimentação social dos indivíduos, bem como seus laços de pertença e a sua identidade cultural.
Confiança organizacional como chave para a coordenação implícita e para a construção do capital intangível
Authors: Zanini Marco
Published: July 2012

Este artigo busca contribuir para as discussões sobre o tema confiança interpessoal dentro das organizações numa perspectiva da Economia Organizacional, introduzindo confiança como elemento central para a coordenação implícita das tarefas organizacionais e a sua relação com o desempenho organizacional. Entendo confiança interpessoal como um elemento central para o melhor entendimento de contratos relacionais, este artigo ilustra a sua relevância para a coordenação e para o desempenho das diversas tarefas organizacionais.
A construção de um quadro analítico sobre as significações de espaço no contexto das mudanças organizacionais
Authors: Silva José Roberto Gomes da , Wetzel Ursula
Published: July 2012

Tempo e espaço são conceitos que estão na essência da construção da vida em sociedade e da própria constituição do ser. Na visão de autores como Giddens (1984) e Lefebvre (1991), a tradição sociológica tem, no entanto, dedicado maior atenção aos aspectos temporais da realidade social, relegando o espaço a um papel secundário. Este artigo se propõe a analisar como a noção de espaço e a dinâmica de sua produção influenciam a maneira como os indivíduos percebem as mudanças organizacionais, partindo da premissa de que as significações espaciais afetam a construção de suas identidades e suas possibilidades de subjetivação. O estudo faz parte de uma linha de pesquisa interinstitucional cujo objetivo é compreender a influência de tempo e espaço na produção da realidade organizacional e nos sentidos do trabalho. Os resultados, baseados nas experiências de 133 indivíduos em oito diferentes organizações, revelam que as mudanças são por eles percebidas e sentidas em termos das transformações que provocam nas práticas espaciais, nas representações de espaço e no espaço representacional, categorias apontadas por Lefebvre (1991) como fundamentais para que se compreenda a produção do espaço social. Nas conclusões, é proposto um quadro para análise da influência do espaço nas situações de mudança organizacional.
Canudos: organização, poder e o processo de institucionalização de um modelo de governança comunitária
Authors: Martins Paulo Emílio Matos
Published: July 2012

Antônio Conselheiro e seus seguidores protagonizaram no semi-árido sertanejo do Bello Monte (Bahia, 1893-97) um curioso empreendimento comunitário que alcançou o expressivo crescimento populacional de 10 335% em apenas quatro anos de existência e que resistiu, por quase 10 meses, às investidas de cerca da metade do efetivo da força terrestre brasileira de então. Não é razoável imaginar que semelhante feito tenha prescindido de um sistema de organização e governo minimamente eficaz, malgrado seu trágico destino. Neste artigo, esse sistema organizacional é analisado com base em três dimensões - a econômica, a política e a religiosa - e no processo de institucionalização das formas de organização e governança locais que as mesmas inspiraram. A partir de uma leitura semiológica dos referentes organizacionais do universo conselheirista e do cotejo das três fontes utilizadas na pesquisa - os depoimentos dos descendentes dos sobreviventes do episódio, os relatos dos cronistas-testemunhas do fato e a historiografia sobre a temática -, as conclusões da pesquisa apontam no sentido de que Canudos teria sido um grande mutirão, cuja liderança assumiu uma forma a qual identificamos como a do "coronel com o sinal trocado" ou de um "coronel pelo avesso", parodiando a imagem euclidiana de Antônio Conselheiro.
Prediction of genotypic values of maize for the agricultural frontier region in northeastern Maranhão, Brazil
Authors: Arnhold Emmanuel , Mora Freddy , Pacheco Cleso Antônio Patto , Carvalho Hélio Wilson Lemos de
Published: July 2012

Agricultural research, mainly focused on the evaluation of maize cultivars along agricultural frontiers, are scarce. This study assessed 128 maize genotypes in the agricultural frontier region of the State of Maranhão, between 2008 and 2009. The experiment was arranged in a lattice design with two replications. The genotypes were evaluated for grain yield in a mixed model, with fixed intercept and experimental effects. The random effects were genotype, genetic class (single-, double or triple-cross hybrid and variety), and incomplete block/replication/ environment. The genotype effect was significant by the likelihood ratio test in all models, highlighting the genotypic values of the single-cross hybrids DKB177, AG8088 and DKB390, the triple-cross PL6882, the double-cross BM502 and of the open-pollinated variety SHS3031.
O tipo de pesquisa e a cooperação universidade, empresa e governo: uma análise na rede nordeste de biotecnologia
Authors: Ipiranga Ana Silvia Rocha , Almeida Priscilla Corrêa da Hora
Published: July 2012

No contexto da cooperação entre universidades, empresas e governo, a geração de inovação ocorre por um processo de transferência de conhecimentos científicos para empresas e mercados. Contudo, um bom resultado de pesquisa não é suficiente para iniciar o processo de patenteamento e licenciamento; é preciso demonstrar a viabilidade de transformá-lo em inovação. Neste sentido, a visão interativa da ciência e da tecnologia - nos termos da relação entre o "entendimento e o uso", e entre as categorias de pesquisa básica e aplicada, derivadas dos objetivos da pesquisa científica - oferece uma idéia diversa dos vínculos entre a ciência básica e a inovação tecnológica e permite a formulação de políticas científicas. Com base nessa discussão, a contribuição deste artigo está em identificar os tipos de pesquisas desenvolvidas e compreender as formas de cooperação entre universidade, governo e setor produtivo, nas quais a Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (Renorbio) está inserida. A metodologia de natureza qualitativa faz uso da estratégia do estudo de caso. A análise dos dados baseou-se na técnica da análise temática que se insere no conjunto das técnicas da Análise de Conteúdo. Percebem-se vantagens e se reconhecem limitações e desafios nas relações cooperativas sob análise, destacando-se a necessidade de se construir agendas de pesquisa básica inspirada pelo uso, com um olhar, portanto, mais atento à empresa e ao mercado.
Diversificação como estratégia de expansão em uma instituição pública de pesquisa: uma avaliação utilizando o modelo DEA de análise de eficiência
Authors: Jorge Marcelino José , Carvalho Frederico A. de , Jorge Marina Filgueiras
Published: July 2012

Este trabalho avalia a estratégia de expansão do Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - IPEC/FIOCRUZ para promover a pesquisa por meio de ações integradas (PAIs) de pesquisa clínica de doenças infecciosas. Foram avaliadas oito PAIs no período 2002-2008. A Análise Envoltória de Dados - DEA foi usada para calcular uma fronteira eficiente e indicar os planos de operação para conduzir as PAIs ineficientes à fronteira. A hipótese markoviana foi utilizada na análise da transição das PAIs entre os estados de eficiência e ineficiência, no longo prazo. Merecem destaque as seguintes conclusões: a PAI é uma estrutura factível e eficiente de produção conjunta de assistência, ensino e pesquisa; é possível guiar as escolhas de curto-prazo dos gerentes, quantificando a mudança do mix de produtos que resultaria da estratégia pró-eficiência; e, no longo prazo, a proporção de PAIs ineficientes poderá aumentar, caso não sejam adotadas medidas gerenciais adequadas.
A organização dos trabalhadores desempregados como mediação para a consciência de classe
Authors: Ferraz Deise Luiza da Silva , Menna-Barreto João Alberto
Published: July 2012

Objetivamos analisar as determinações econômicas e políticas que tensionaram o movimento de constituição de uma consciência de classe em um estrato da população desempregada, mediada pela formação do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Desempregados [MTD]. Valemos-nos do debate marxista sobre classes sociais (CS) e consciência de classe, utilizando os estudos de Iasi (2006). A metodologia utilizada é própria da abordagem dialético-materialista, que se assenta em três pressupostos: a contradição, a totalidade e a historicidade. A condição de desempregados que impulsionou o movimento de fusão do grupo (discussão sartriana) é resultante da nova forma de organização da produção a qual implicou à classe trabalhadora tanto o movimento de regressividade na progressividade avançada quanto as possibilidades de organização para além das entidades sindicais. As CS estão instituídas ao mesmo tempo em que se instituem pela ação concreta de seus sujeitos, de modo que são necessárias ao capitalismo, mas - e tão somente - só se realizam enquanto mediações práticas, enquanto mediações contingentes.
Colocação seletiva de pessoas com deficiência intelectual nas organizações: um estudo qualitativo
Authors: Mourão Luciana , Sampaio Sérgio , Duarte Marli Helena
Published: July 2012

A colocação seletiva é uma forma legal de contratar pessoas com deficiência intelectual, mas que, por ser uma prática recente e com muitas contradições e paradoxos, merece reflexão. Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir a colocação seletiva de pessoas com deficiência intelectual no mundo do trabalho, apresentando uma reflexão crítica acerca dessa modalidade de inserção social. O estudo tomou como base uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada com trabalhadores com esse tipo de deficiência, seus familiares e empregadores em seis cidades do estado de Minas. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que o processo de colocação seletiva ocorre de três formas distintas: (1) Produção artesanal realizada na instituição formadora; (2) Atividade produtiva da empresa contratante realizada na instituição formadora; e (3) Atividade produtiva realizada na empresa contratante. Todas são consideradas válidas, não apenas por contribuírem para preparar o indivíduo para o mundo do trabalho, mas também pelos ganhos sociais e econômicos que ensejam. O artigo discute aspectos práticos, jurídicos e teóricos relacionados a essa modalidade, apontando para a necessidade de continuidade desse debate.
A conch with a collar: early ontogeny of the enigmatic fossil bivalveMyoconcha
Authors: Kaim Andrzej , Schneider Simon
Published: July 2012

Larval and juvenile growth stages of myoconchid bivalves (family Kalenteridae) are illustrated and described for the first time. Excellently preserved shells ofMyoconcha crassaJ. Sowerby, 1824 from the middle Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) clay/silt deposits of southern Poland reveal that the prodissoconch in this taxon is large (exceeding 350 µm in length) and characterized by a prominent, collar-like structure arising from the demarcation to the dissoconch. Similar prodissoconch morphology has not been described previously in any other bivalve genus. The large size and absence of a prodissoconch II strongly suggest a non-planktotrophic development of the larvae, indicating either simple lecithotrophy or long-term brooding and parental care for the larvae in this species. Consequently, the new discovery constitutes the earliest well-documented record of non-planktotrophic development in the Bivalvia. The shell ofMyoconcha crassais composed of an outer cross-lamellar layer and an inner complex cross-lamellar layer. This composition suggests that the Kalenteridae may be included in the Carditida rather than the Palaeoheterodonta or Anomalodesmata. The genusPseudomyoconchaRossi Ronchetti and Allasinaz, 1966 is rejected herein and considered as a junior synonym ofMyoconchaJ. Sowerby, 1824.
Occurrence of the isopodArchaeoniscus coreaensisnew species from the Lower Cretaceous Jinju Formation, Korea
Authors: Park Tae-Yoon , Wilson George D. F. , Lee Dong-Chan , Choi Duck K.
Published: July 2012

The fossil isopod crustacean genusArchaeoniscushas been known to occur in England, France and Germany during the Upper Jurassic, and in Mexico and Egypt during the Lower Cretaceous. The morphology of this genus is unique in having dorsoventrally compressed body, the cephalon set deeply into the first pereionite, pleon as wide as pereion, and a broad semicircular pleotelson. These features have resulted in placing the classification of the genus in the monotypic family Archaeoniscidae. However, due to the lack of detailed morphological data, suprafamilial classification of this genus has remained unclear, as well as its ecology and lifestyle. Here we reportArchaeoniscus coreaensisn. sp. from the Jinju Formation, Gyeongsang Basin, Korea. The occurrence ofArchaeoniscusin the East Asia implies that the genus may have had a worldwide distribution. The Gyeongsang Basin was a Cretaceous backarc basin, which consists of exclusively non-marine sedimentary sequences. The occurrence of this genus, therefore, indicates thatArchaeoniscussuccessfully adapted to a freshwater ecosystem as well. Detailed anatomy including antennulae, antennae, pereiopods, and uropods was observed from well-preserved multiple specimens, which allows better understanding of the morphology ofArchaeoniscus. The axial structure in the posterior part of the body, which was previously interpreted as a unique brood pouch characterizing the family, turned out to be a remnant of the hindgut. Females of all isopods and most of the members of the superorder Peracarida have a thoracic ventral brood pouch, modified from the thoracic coxal endites. Based on the morphology of the largely unmodified ambulatory pereiopods ofA. coreaensis, the possibility ofArchaeoniscusbeing ectoparasitic is discounted. Instead, the flattened body and the form of limbs ofA. coreaensiswould have been suitable for a benthic lifestyle.
Selenides for nonlinear optical applications
Authors: Singh N. B. , Kanner G. , Marable M. , Berghmans A. , Knuteson D. , Kahler D. , Wagner B. , King M.
Published: July 2012

The authors have developed several binary, ternary, and quaternary selenide crystals for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. The authors present an overview of the crystal growth and characterization of bulk and quasi-phase matched (QPM) crystals for their applications in mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) regions. The authors have summarized the crystal growth, fabrication, and performance of gallium selenide and ternary and quaternary selenide compounds, silver gallium selenide, thallium arsenic selenide, and silver gallium germanium selenide crystals. Large crystals are grown by Bridgman method from the melt. These crystals transmit up to 16 μm wavelength, have high value of nonlinear conversion merit (d2/n3, d is the NLO coefficient, n is the refractive index) and have the lowest absorption coefficient compared to arsenides, phosphides, and other NLO materials. In addition to bulk crystals, the authors have developed ZnSe-based QPM materials for the MWIR and LWIR regions. The authors present their recent progress in the development of optical parametric ZnSe (OPZnSe) devices. Transmission measurements for these QPM film of thickness exceeding 1 mm show low-optical loss from 1 to 12 μm wavelength region. Nonlinear frequency conversion experiments were performed, demonstrating the vast spectral range of this material. Near-infrared wavelength conversion at 0.8 μm was obtained by frequency doubling a 1.6 μm wavelength beam with these devices.
ZnO:GaN thin films for photoelectrochemical water splitting application
Authors: Shet Sudhakar , Yan Yanfa , Wang Heli , Ravindra Nuggehalli , Turner John , Al-Jassim Mowafak
Published: July 2012

ZnO and mixed ZnO:GaN thin films were synthesized on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates by reactive radio frequency magnetron sputtering in mixed N2 and O2 ambient. Mixed ZnO:GaN films exhibited better crystallinity compared to ZnO film and bandgap narrowing was observed for mixed ZnO:GaN thin films. The n-type conductivity is revealed for both ZnO and ZnO:GaN thin films by Mott-Schottky plots as well as photocurrent polarity in current-voltage (I-V) analysis. ZnO:GaN thin films exhibited improved photocurrents than ZnO films. Our results suggest a potential method for synthesizing heterogeneous photocatalysts with both high crystallinity and bandgap reduction, which should help to improve their photoelectrochemical performance.
Comic Cognition: Exploring the Potential Cognitive Impacts of Science Comics
Authors: Jee Benjamin D. , Anggoro Florencia K.
Published: July 2012

Increasing people’s interest and involvement in science is a growing concern in education. Although many researchers and educators seek innovations for classroom instruction, much could be gained by harnessing the activities that people perform at their leisure. Although new media are constantly emerging, comic book reading remains a popular activity for children and adults. Recently, there has been an explosive increase in the creation of educational comic books, including many about science. This rapid increase in science comics far outstrips our understanding of how comics impact people’s beliefs and interests in science. In this theoretical article, we draw on research from cognitive science and education to discuss heretofore unexplored cognitive impacts of science comics. We propose several ways in which learning could be enhanced or impaired through reading science comics and discuss several broader issues related to the use of comic books in education, including individual differences and informal learning.
Thrombolitic and coral buildups in the Upper Albian of the Fahdene basin (North Tunisia): stratigraphy, sedimentology and genesis
Authors: Layeb Mohsen , Ben Fadhel Moez , Ben Youssef Mohamed
Published: July 2012

Within the Upper Albian marl/limestone pelagic to hemi-pelagic successions of Fahdene basin (northern Tunisia), small-scale thrombolitic and coral buildups were recognized for the first time. The exceptionally well-exposed and well-preserved buildups (i.e. Oued Siliana and Jebel Srassif buildups) were investigated for their biostratigraphic, petrographic, and genesis character. The vertical succession is characterized as shallowing upward and comprise four to nine conical and/or lenticular bioherms/biostromes (up to 4 m in diameter). Basal buildups consist of four to six deep water microbial thrombolites and are generally associated with the uppermost organic-rich black shale of the Mouelha member which corresponds to the Oceanic Anoxic Event OAE1d. These buildups change stratigraphic upward into three hermatypic hexacorallian thrombolites with abundant fossils and bioturbation traces. The geometry and the observed internal structures of the thrombolites suggest that microbial activity thrived carbonate precipitation and subsequent lithification, which in turn favoured preservation of the original structure of the buildups. The microbial thrombolites formed within or near the anoxic zone (related to the Oceanic Anoxic Event OAE1d) whereas the coral thrombolites grew in the photic zone. We suggest that the onset of the microbial thrombolites was induced by the presence of an eutrophic, hypersaline, and anoxic environment which is enhanced by the Late Albian sea level rise. Nevertheless, flourishing of metazoans that lead to the coral thrombolites was associated with an oxygenated and oligotrophic environment. Halokinetic dynamics and tilted-block fault systems provided conduits for nutrient-rich fluids and hydrocarbons which fueled chemosynthetic-based communities.
Les Phylloceratina et Lytoceratina (Ammonoidea) du Bajocien inférieur du Paso del Espinacito (Argentine). Étude paléontologique et implications paléogéographiques
Authors: Joly Bernard
Published: July 2012

Les faunes étudiées dans la présente note ont été citées et figurées, leurs niveaux de récolte ainsi que les faunes accompagnatrices ont été précisés, dans un mémoire qui vient de paraître [Dietze et al., 2010]. La présente note complète ce mémoire en apportant une étude systématique et paléontologique sur les Phylloceratina et Lytoceratina du col d’Espinacito (Argentine). Il était également intéressant de les comparer à celles d’autres régions du monde : Europe, Afrique, Amérique du Nord, Asie. Les Phylloceratina et Lytoceratina d’Espinacito ont principalement des affinités avec les faunes téthysiennes et africaines (y compris malgaches), plus rarement avec l’Amérique du Nord et l’Asie. Les échanges fauniques entre Téthys et Amérique du Sud ont pu s’effectuer par le corridor hispanique « via la Téthys ca-raïbe » (sans exclure le contournement du Gondwana par le sud ou de la Laurasie par le nord, voies possibles [Moyne et al., 2004].

Les espèces et sous-espèces décrites appartiennent au Bajocien inférieur. Ce sont quatre Phylloceratina : Phyllo-ceras kunthi (Neumayr, 1871) modestumTornquist, 1898, Calliphylloceras achtalense (Redlich, 1894), Calliphyl-loceras aff. disputabile (Zittel, 1869), Holcophylloceras torulosum (Tornquist, 1898) et deux Lytoceratina :Lytoceras subfrancisciSturani, 1964posteraGottsche, 1878, Lytoceras adelae (d’orbigny, 1844). Si l’on ne considère que l’ensemble des genres on reconnaît l’association habituellement observée dans le Dogger et le Malm de la Téthys.

Il est intéressant de noter que chez deux espèces, C. achtalense et L. adelae, les spécimens de la province Sud-pacifique semblent être les plus anciens connus actuellement.
Schizophrenia: from Epidemiology to Rehabilitation
Authors: Mura Gioia , Petretto Donatella Rita , Bhat Krishna M , Carta Mauro Giovanni
Published: July 2012

Purpose/Objective:

We discuss recent evidences about schizophrenia (frequency, onset, course, risk factors and genetics) and their influences to some epidemiological myths about schizophrenia diffuse between psychiatric and psychopathology clinicians. The scope is to evaluate if the new acquisitions may change the rehabilitation approaches to schizophrenia modifying the balance about the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia accepting that the cognitive deficits are produced by errors during the normal development of the brain (neurodevelopmental hypothesis) that remains stable in the course of illness and the neurodegenerative hypothesis according of which they derived from a degenerative process that goes on inexorably.

Research Method/Design:

A review of the literature about epidemiology of schizophrenia has been performed and the contributions of some of these evidence to neurodevelopmental hypothesis and to rehabilitation has been described.

Results:

It cannot be definitively concluded for or against the neurodevelopmental or degenerative hypothesis, but efforts in understanding basis of schizophrenia must go on. Until now, rehabilitation programs are based on the vulnerability-stress model: supposing an early deficit that go on stable during the life under favorable circumstances. So, rehabilitation approaches (as neuro-cognitive approaches, social skill training, cognitive-emotional training) are focused on the individual and micro-group coping skills, aiming to help people with schizophrenia to cope with environmental stress factors.

Conclusions/Implications:

Coping of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia may represents the starting-point for further research on schizophrenia, cohort studies and randomized trials are necessary to defined the range of effectiveness and the outcome of the treatments.
On the stark width regularities along the argon isonuclear sequence
Authors: Djenize S. , Sreckovic A.
Published: July 2012

Recent values of the measured spectral lines Stark widths (since 1988) for
neutral and ionized argon atoms, have been compared to the values previously
predicted by us. These were found from the established regularities of the
Stark widths along the argon isonuclear sequence for 4s-4p and 4s'-4p' types
of transitions. Using new experimental Stark width values we have established
trends for 4p-4d, 4p'-4d' and 4p-5s type of transitions which enables
predictions of the Stark width values for the Ar III and Ar VIII spectral
lines, that have not been calculated or measured before, but are of a
considerable astrophysical interest.
Precise CCD astrometric observations of minor planets and comets at the Belgrade observatory during 1997
Authors: Protitch-Benishek V. , Benishek Vl.
Published: July 2012

73 precise astrometric positions of seven comets and two minor planets from
MPC critical list - 1093 Freda and 4954 Eric - were obtained with the CCD
equipped Askania astrograph (13.5/160) of Belgrade Astronomical Observatory.
The SBIG ST-7 and ST-7 CCD cameras were used in the observations.
Life and scientific activity of professor Bozidar Popovic (1913-1993)
Authors: Milovanov T.
Published: July 2012

The life and scientific, professional and other activities of professor
Bozidar Popovic are presented, followed by Bibliography of his works.
On the geodesics for a spherically symmetric dilaton black hole
Authors: Blaga C. , Blaga P.A.
Published: July 2012

In this paper we shall investigate the timelike geodesics for an extremal,
spherically symmetric, massless dilaton black hole, using an exact solution
obtained by Gary Horowitz.
On interactions between (1) Ceres and (2) Pallas
Authors: Kuzmanoski M.
Published: July 2012

Mutual perturbing effects between (1) Ceres and (2) Pallas are presented by
using differences in their right ascensions and declinations. These
differences are obtained as the result of two integrations-with and without
the mass of the perturbing body. For each body are performed two backward
and two forward integrations and obtained results are analyzed.
CCD observations of visual double and multiple stars at the Belgrade observatory
Authors: Trajkovska V.
Published: July 2012

The author presents her CCD measurements of 105 double and multiple stars
performed with a ST-6 camera on the Belgrade Large Refractor (Zeiss 65/1055
cm).
Russian cosmism (with the selective bibliography) and its uprising effect on the development of space research
Authors: Djordjevic R.
Published: July 2012

In this paper Russian cosmism and its uprising effect on the development of
space research are presented. At the end a selective bibliography useful for
Russian cosmists research is presented.
Damped Lyα system toward QSO1854+116: A new type of absorber?
Authors: Cirkovic M.M.
Published: July 2012

A puzzle of the low-redshift damped Ly? absorption system toward QSO 1854+116
is presented. Problems which conventional intepretation of damped Ly? systems
encounters in this case are sketched and a possible explanation, based on
transience of the phenomenon, is suggested. It is shown that the detailed H?
tomography can observationally resolve the controversy in the very near
future.
High Oxidative Capacity Due to Chronic Exercise Training Attenuates Lipid-Induced Insulin Resistance
Authors: Phielix Esther , Meex Ruth , Ouwens D. Margriet , Sparks Lauren , Hoeks Joris , Schaart Gert , Moonen-Kornips Esther , Hesselink Matthijs K.C. , Schrauwen Patrick
Published: July 2012

Fat accumulation in skeletal muscle combined with low mitochondrial oxidative capacity is associated with insulin resistance (IR). Endurance-trained athletes, characterized by a high oxidative capacity, have elevated intramyocellular lipids, yet are highly insulin sensitive. We tested the hypothesis that a high oxidative capacity could attenuate lipid-induced IR. Nine endurance-trained (age = 23.4 ± 0.9 years; BMI = 21.2 ± 0.6 kg/m2) and 10 untrained subjects (age = 21.9 ± 0.9 years; BMI = 22.8 ± 0.6 kg/m2) were included and underwent a clamp with either infusion of glycerol or intralipid. Muscle biopsies were taken to perform high-resolution respirometry and protein phosphorylation/expression. Trained subjects had ∼32% higher mitochondrial capacity and ∼22% higher insulin sensitivity (P < 0.05 for both). Lipid infusion reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by 63% in untrained subjects (P < 0.05), whereas this effect was blunted in trained subjects (29%, P < 0.05). In untrained subjects, lipid infusion reduced oxidative and nonoxidative glucose disposal (NOGD), whereas trained subjects were completely protected against lipid-induced reduction in NOGD, supported by dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase. We conclude that chronic exercise training attenuates lipid-induced IR and specifically attenuates the lipid-induced reduction in NOGD. Signaling data support the notion that high glucose uptake in trained subjects is maintained by shuttling glucose toward storage as glycogen.
Pustular Psoriasis in Children- a Review
Authors: Malathi M , Thappa D M
Published: July 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v10i1.6416NJDVL 2012; 10(1): 1-10
Do Contacts have a Role in the Transmission of Leprosy?
Authors: Rijal A , Agrawal S , Bhattarai S
Published: July 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v10i1.6418 NJDVL 2012; 10(1): 16-19
Naturalising the Exotic and Exoticising the Naturalised: Horticulture, Natural History and the Rosy Periwinkle
Authors: Curry Helen Anne
Published: July 2012

The rosy periwinkle, a plant originating in the rainforest of Madagascar, is best known for its use in modern biomedicine as a cancer therapy and as a symbol of the importance of biodiversity conservation. Yet images of the plant as a novel therapeutic and an endangered exotic obscure its commonness, for it is both naturalised in many parts of the world as a weed and has long been used as an ornamental plant in greenhouses and gardens. This seeming contradiction is the result of the rosy periwinkle's long history as a horticultural variety, especially its transition over a two-hundred-year period from being understood as a hothouse exotic to being seen as native and commonplace. Horticultural practices generated changes in the distribution and biology of the rosy periwinkle and this in turn generated changes in people's valuation of the species. Through a horticultural history of the rosy periwinkle, this paper explores how ideas about what constitutes an exotic or naturalised species, and the value attached to these, can dramatically shape and then reshape the natural history of a species. It suggests why such attention to such plasticity is important both for historians and for conservation.
'Order out of Chaos': Resources, Hazards and the Production of a Tin-Mining Economy in Northern Nigeria in the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: Bridge Gavin , Frederiksen Tomas
Published: July 2012

This paper examines the development of commercial tin mining in northern Nigeria in the early twentieth century. It recounts how a fundamentally unknown space - an underground zone lying at the edge of Empire - came to be constructed as a mineral rich region, and subsequently integrated with capital and commodity markets in Europe as an extractive economy. From 1902 onwards, the landscape of the Jos Plateau was re-worked to supply tin ores and concentrates to smelters, refineries and fabricators in Europe. At their height, the mines of northern Nigeria provided almost one-tenth of the world's tin. The paper's primary aim is to problematise the processes of ordering and disordering that transformed the Plateau into an extractive economy. To this end, it examines geological science and colonial administration as practices that struggled to differentiate unfamiliar ecologies and invisible geologies into either resources to be exploited or hazards to be overcome. The paper illustrates the economic, political and cultural processes by which some conditions came to be seen as hazards (disease, seasonality of water supply, distance), while others were regarded as resources integral to the commerciality of mining on the Plateau (agricultural labour, land and water courses for sediment disposal, horizontal and vertical variation in ore grades). It shows how commercial exploitation of the Plateau's tin resources radically re-configured both physical landscapes and forms of social organisation on the Plateau, generating novel socio-natural juxtapositions that came to be experienced as poor working conditions, environmental hazards, and conflicts between agriculture and mining over access to land.
The Anxiety of Abundance: William Stanley Jevons and Coal Scarcity in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Madureira Nuno Luis
Published: July 2012

Right from the outset, the adoption of mechanical machinery, railways, steamships and long distance communications was accompanied by growing concerns about the possibility of running out of coal. This article examines three main issues: firstly, what triggered the scarcity fear, given that the historical period was one of rising prosperity with no foreseeable shortages in sight; secondly, what actually went wrong with the coal supply vision given so many of the forecasts associated with the scarcity thesis were not borne out by reality; and thirdly, by what means did the nineteenth century coal debate shape environmental thinking and provide crucial concepts that have persisted through to the present (the rebound effect, probable reserves and environmental limits to growth). A close look is taken of the work of William Stanley Jevons, whose ideas became a milestone in the debate on the depletion of natural resources. The overall conclusion points out that the looming uncertainty of the 1860s and 1870s paved the way for new probabilistic assessments of mineral patrimony.
Book Reviews
Authors: Heffernan Mike , Hutton Linda , Monk Janice , Greene Anne N. , Dillon Jack , Ryder Andrew , Rowley William D.
Published: July 2012

Jeffrey Jackson, Paris Under Water: How the City of Light Survived the Great Flood of 1910 (Mike Heffernan)
Della Hooke, Trees in Anglo-Saxon England: Literature, Lore and Landscape (Linda Hutton)
Innes M. Keighren, Bringing Geography to Book: Ellen Semple and the Reception of Geographical Knowledge (Janice Monk)
Sandra Swart, Riding High: Horses, Humans and History in South Africa (Anne N. Greene)
Deirdre Jackson, Lion (Jack Dillon)
Tom Howells and Duncan McCorquodale (eds.), Mapping America: Exploring the Continent (Andrew Ryder)
Jessica B. Teisch, Engineering Nature: Water, Development, and Global Spread of American Environmental Expertise (William D. Rowley)
Cellulose Nanofibre Mesh for Use in Dental Materials
Authors: Boyd Stephen A. , Su Bo , Sandy Jonathan R. , Ireland Anthony J.
Published: July 2012

The aim of this study was to produce a 3D mesh of defect free electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibres and to use this to produce a prototype composite resin containing nanofibre fillers. This might find use as an aesthetic orthodontic bracket material or composite veneer for restorative dentistry. In this laboratory based study cellulose acetate was dissolved in an acetone and dimethylacetamide solvent solution and electrospun. The spinning parameters were optimised and lithium chloride added to the solution to produce a self supporting nanofibre mesh. This mesh was then silane coated and infiltrated with either epoxy resin or an unfilled Bis-GMA resin. The flexural strength of the produced samples was measured and compared to that of unfilled resin samples. Using this method cellulose acetate nanofibres were successfully electrospun in the 286 nm range. However, resin infiltration of this mesh resulted in samples with a flexural strength less than that of the unfilled control samples. Air inclusion during preparation and incomplete wetting of the nanofibre mesh was thought to cause this reduction in flexural strength. Further work is required to reduce the air inclusions before the true effect of resin reinforcement with a 3D mesh of cellulose acetate nanofibres can be determined.
Synthesis of New 1,3,4-Thiadiazole and 1,2,3,4-Oxathiadiazole Derivatives from Carbohydrate Precursors and Study of Their Effect on Tyrosinase Enzyme
Authors: El-Sadek Mohamed M. , Hassan Seham Y. , Abdelwahab Huda E. , Yacout Galila A.
Published: July 2012

5-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroxybutyl)-2-methylfuran-3-carbohydrazide (2) was condensed with a variety of ketones to afford carbohydrazide derivatives 3–6. Acetylation of 3–5 afforded the acetyl derivatives 7–9, while periodate oxidation of 3–6 afforded the formyl derivatives 10–13. Acid catalyzed condensation of thiosemicarbazide or o-tolylthiosemicarbazide with the prepared aldehydes 10–12 gave thiosemicarbazone derivatives 14–19. Cyclization of the latter with acetic anhydride afforded 4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazolyl derivatives 20–25. On the other hand, condensation of p-tosylhydrazine with the prepared aldehydes 10–12 afforded p-tosylhydrazone derivatives 26–28. Cyclization of 26–28 with acetic anhydride afforded 1,2,3,4-oxathiadiazole derivatives 29–31 respectively. Moreover, the obtained results regarding to the effect of some of the prepared compounds on tyrosinase enzyme showed that the majority of these compounds having an inhibitory effect; especially compounds 12, 16, 17, and 28.
Supercritical Extraction of Lycopene from Tomato Industrial Wastes with Ethane
Authors: Nobre Beatriz P. , Gouveia Luisa , Matos Patricia G. S. , Cristino Ana F. , Palavra António F. , Mendes Rui L.
Published: July 2012

Supercritical fluid extraction of all-E-lycopene from tomato industrial wastes (mixture of skins and seeds) was carried out in a semi-continuous flow apparatus using ethane as supercritical solvent. The effect of pressure, temperature, feed particle size, solvent superficial velocity and matrix initial composition was evaluated. Moreover, the yield of the extraction was compared with that obtained with other supercritical solvents (supercritical CO2 and a near critical mixture of ethane and propane). The recovery of all-E-lycopene increased with pressure, decreased with the increase of the particle size in the initial stages of the extraction and was not practically affected by the solvent superficial velocity. The effect of the temperature was more complex. When the temperature increased from 40 to 60 °C the recovery of all-E-lycopene increased from 80 to 90%. However, for a further increase to 80 °C, the recovery remained almost the same, indicating that some E-Z isomerization could have occurred, as well as some degradation of lycopene. The recovery of all-E-lycopene was almost the same for feed samples with different all-E-lycopene content. Furthermore, when a batch with a higher all-E-lycopene content was used, supercritical ethane and a near critical mixture of ethane and propane showed to be better solvents than supercritical CO2 leading to a faster extraction with a higher recovery of the carotenoid.
Design of Skin Penetration Enhancers Using Replacement Methods for the Selection of the Molecular Descriptors
Authors: Simon Laurent , Abdelmalek Beshoy
Published: July 2012

Transdermal delivery of certain drugs is challenging because of skin barrier resistance. This study focuses on the implementation of feature-selection algorithms to design chemical penetration enhancers. A database, consisting of 145 polar and nonpolar chemicals, was chosen for the investigation. Replacement, enhanced replacement and stepwise algorithms were applied to identify relevant structural properties of these compounds. The descriptors were calculated using Molecular Modeling Pro™ Plus. Based on the coefficient of determination, the replacement methods outperformed the stepwise approach in selecting the features that best correlated with the flux enhancement ratio. An artificial neural network model was built to map a subset of descriptors from sixty-one nonpolar enhancers onto the output vector. The R2 value improved from 0.68, for a linear model, to 0.74, which shows that the improved framework might be effective in the design of compounds with user-defined properties.
Synthetic Biomimetic Membranes and Their Sensor Applications
Authors: Kim Young-Rok , Jung Sungho , Ryu Hyunil , Yoo Yeong-Eun , Kim Sun Min , Jeon Tae-Joon
Published: July 2012

Synthetic biomimetic membranes provide biological environments to membrane proteins. By exploiting the central roles of biological membranes, it is possible to devise biosensors, drug delivery systems, and nanocontainers using a biomimetic membrane system integrated with functional proteins. Biomimetic membranes can be created with synthetic lipids or block copolymers. These amphiphilic lipids and polymers self-assemble in an aqueous solution either into planar membranes or into vesicles. Using various techniques developed to date, both planar membranes and vesicles can provide versatile and robust platforms for a number of applications. In particular, biomimetic membranes with modified lipids or functional proteins are promising platforms for biosensors. We review recent technologies used to create synthetic biomimetic membranes and their engineered sensors applications.
Forest Stakeholder Participation in Improving Game Habitat in Swedish Forests
Authors: Ezebilo Eugene E.
Published: July 2012

Although in Sweden the simultaneous use of forests for timber production and game hunting are both of socioeconomic importance it often leads to conflicting interests. This study examines forest stakeholder participation in improving game habitat to increase hunting opportunities as well as redistribute game activities in forests to help reduce browsing damage in valuable forest stands. The data for the study were collected from a nationwide survey that involved randomly selected hunters and forest owners in Sweden. An ordered logit model was used to account for possible factors influencing the respondents’ participation in improving game habitat. The results showed that on average, forest owning hunters were more involved in improving game habitat than non-hunting forest owners. The involvement of non-forest owning hunters was intermediate between the former two groups. The respondents’ participation in improving game habitat were mainly influenced by factors such as the quantity of game meat obtained, stakeholder group, forests on hunting grounds, the extent of risk posed by game browsing damage to the economy of forest owners, importance of bagging game during hunting, and number of hunting days. The findings will help in designing a more sustainable forest management strategy that integrates timber production and game hunting in forests.
Céline, l'analyste et « l'immonde interne »
Authors: Ferrant Alain
Published: July 2012

L’œuvre de Céline est un analyseur de « l’immonde interne » pluriel, contrasté et diversifié. Freud lit Céline sur les conseils de Marie Bonaparte mais sans doute rebuté par les difficultés de la langue et les tournures spécifiques du style célinien Freud ne reconnaît pas « l’impatience amoureuse pour le néant » qui traverse Voyage au bout de la nuit. Inversement Céline a lu Freud. Dans sa correspondance privée, jusqu’à la fin de sa vie, il fait directement référence à Freud. Mais s’il reconnaît puiser quelque chose dans la psychanalyse, c’est d’abord comme romancier. Il retrouve une partie de son monde romanesque dans la psychanalyse d’après 1920. On ne peut pas « suivre » Céline comme on « suit » Freud mais on ne peut pas, non plus, ne pas l’entendre. Il est nécessaire d’ouvrir la boîte de pandore célinienne avec les outils de l’analyse. En ce sens la psychanalyse poursuit son travail de mise en évidence de processus psychiques à peu près inaccessibles autrement. Chez Céline l’affect occupe une place centrale et c’est précisément cette place qu’il est nécessaire d’interroger. C’est son caractère débordant et son omniprésence qui font symptômes. L’hypothèse de l’auteur est que Céline s’exprime au lieu même d’une « mésorganisation » de l’affect et contraint le lecteur à explorer cette zone. Céline pose problème parce qu’il active chez le lecteur la nécessité de sortir de la confusion des « émotions crues ». Son racisme radical est la caricature de ce que tout être humain doit réaliser : séparer le moi du non moi, construire l’inconscient comme réserve de l’intolérable, émerger de la douleur de la confusion par la différenciation.
Une lecture de « Abbés » de Pierre Michon. Du cochon à la tentation du sacré.
Authors: Defrenet Bernard
Published: July 2012

Les trois courts récits qui composent Abbés plongent le lecteur dans l’histoire et les légendes troubles d’un médiéval tout autant fondateur que violent. Hantés par l’idée de déchiffrer le monde et dans l’attente d’une approbation supérieure, des hommes vont tenter d’interpréter des signes. Avides de gloire et de chair, des abbés essayent de démêler, de cultiver, de bâtir, mais se confrontent à l’intrication de la gloire, du sexe, et des jalousies mortelles. Le sacré que Michon réintroduit dans le verbe appelle toujours en contre-point le profane, le roturier ; il se rit de lui-même. Le miracle n’est pas là-haut, mais dans le travail obstiné, qui contribue à une écriture dont la fulgurance parle le corps émotionnel et l’excès du langage sur le corps. Avec ses habits de bénédictins, la tentation du sacré qu’explore l’écriture foudroyante de Michon conjugue horreur et éblouissement, désir et mort, mode d’expression secondarisée de la pulsionnalité corporelle, du sexuel infantile.
Approche psychanalytique de l'autobiographie de Thomas Bernhard
Authors: Brun Anne
Published: July 2012

Cet article propose d’explorer les sources du processus créateur chez Thomas Bernhard, à partir de ses textes autobiographiques : l’écriture déploierait des stratégies de survie pour échapper à la mort psychique, mises en œuvre tant par le jeune héros de l’autobiographie, que par l’écrivain se réappropriant son histoire dans l’Histoire. L’approche psychanalytique de cette œuvre met ainsi en lumière certains processus de survie chez des patients confrontés à des « situations extrêmes » de la subjectivité.
De la lutte pour « rester vivant » à la création d'un « territoire rêvé ». À propos de La carte et le territoire de Michel Houellebecq
Authors: Condamin Christine
Published: July 2012

Michel Houellebecq propose notamment, avec son dernier roman La carte le territoire , une réflexion sur l’acte de création. L’auteur fait l’hypothèse que l’écrivain serait poussé par une force irrépressible à créer pour rester vivant, il chercherait à retrouver ses propres territoires inconnus, tentant de traduire, de représenter des mouvements psychiques, des éprouvés intimes, des angoisses archaïques de dispersion, de coupure et de morcellement notamment, datant du tout début de la vie. Par sa capacité à plonger dans les abîmes de son moi inconscient, l’artiste pourrait procéder à l’auto-engendrement d’une œuvre, territoire recréé sur les failles liées aux vicissitudes des relations précoces et sur le vide ressenti par l’absence de l’objet primaire, territoire fictionnel limité et unitaire qui pourrait aussi symboliser un moi reconstruit.
Lectures et Écritures : processus de création, clinique, poétique...
Authors: Bensadon Paulette
Published: July 2012

Au cours de la cure, chaque analysant offrirait un texte de paroles au psychanalyste lecteur : le passage de l’analysant à la position « d’auteur » s’inscrit dans une œuvre singulière ouvrant vers l’altérité. La singularité de chaque cure ne viendrait-elle pas de ce qui nous habite le plus intimement du monde : la perte, l’abandon, au-delà desquels l’extrême humanité ne devient nôtre que dans l’éthique de la rencontre ?