bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coronary artery segmentation under class imbalance using a U-Net based architecture on computed tomography angiography images
Authors: Pan Li-Syuan , Li Chia-Wei , Su Shun-Feng , Tay Shee-Yen , Tran Quoc-Viet , Chan Wing P.
Published: July 2021

Coronary artery disease is caused primarily by vessel narrowing. Extraction of the coronary artery area from images is the preferred procedure for diagnosing coronary diseases. In this study, a U-Net-based network architecture, 3D Dense-U-Net, was adopted to perform fully automatic segmentation of the coronary artery. The network was applied to 474 coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography scans performed at Wanfang Hospital, Taiwan. Of these, 10% were used for testing. The CT scans were divided into patches of 16 original high-resolution slices. The slices were overlapped between patches to take advantage of surrounding imaging information. However, an imbalance between the foreground and background presents a challenge in smaller-object segmentation such as with coronary arteries. The network was optimized and achieved a promising result when the focal loss concept was adopted. To evaluate the accuracy of the automatic segmentation approach, the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was calculated, and an existing clinical tool was used. The subjective ratings of three experienced radiologists were used to compare the two ratings. The results show that the proposed approach can achieve a DSC of 0.9691, which is significantly higher than other studies using a deep learning approach. In the main trunk, the results of automatic segmentation agree with those of the clinical tool; they were significantly better in some small branches. In our study, automatic segmentation tool shows high-performance detection in coronary lumen vessels, thereby providing potential power in assisting clinical diagnosis.
Distributions of photosynthetic traits, shoot growth, and anti-herbivory defence within a canopy of Quercus serrata in different soil nutrient conditions
Authors: Norisada Masanari , Izuta Takeshi , Watanabe Makoto
Published: July 2021

The hypothesis of the present study is that not only distributions of leaf photosynthetic traits and shoot growth along light gradient within a canopy of forest trees, but also that of leaf anti-herbivory defence capacities are influenced by soil nutrient condition. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the distributions of photosynthetic traits, shoot growth, anti-herbivory defence and leaf herbivory rate throughout the canopy of Quercus serrata grown in two sites with different soil nutrient conditions. In both sites, photosynthetic traits, shoot growth, and anti-herbivory defence were greater in the upper canopy. The overall defence and herbivory rate in the lower nutrient condition were higher and lower than those in the higher nutrient condition, respectively. Although differences in leaf traits between upper and lower canopies in the higher nutrient condition were smaller than those in the lower nutrient condition, no difference was found for anti-herbivory defence. These results suggest that soil nutrient condition does not affect the distributions of leaf anti herbivory defence along light gradient within a canopy of Q. serrata.
Developmental thyroid disruption causes long-term impacts on immune cell function and transcriptional responses to pathogen in a small fish model
Authors: Hampton Leah M. Thornton , Finch Miranda G. , Martyniuk Christopher J. , Venables Barney J. , Jeffries Marlo K. Sellin
Published: July 2021

Current evidence suggests thyroid hormones (THs) impact development of the immune system, but few studies have explored the connection between the thyroid and immune systems, especially in fish. This is important as some environmental contaminants disrupt TH homeostasis and may thus have negative impacts on the immune system. To determine the long-term consequences of early life stage (ELS) hypothyroidism on immune function, fathead minnows were exposed to the model thyroid hormone suppressant propylthiouracil (PTU) from < 1 to 30 days post hatch. Fish were transferred to clean water and raised to adulthood (5–7 months post hatch) at which time, several aspects of immune function were evaluated. Ex vivo assessment of immune cell function revealed significant decreases (1.2-fold) in the phagocytic cell activity of PTU-treated fish relative to the controls. Fish were also injected with Yersinia ruckeri to evaluate their in vivo immune responses across a suite of endpoints (i.e., transcriptomic analysis, leukocyte counts, spleen index, hematocrit, bacterial load and pathogen resistance). The transcriptomic response to infection was significantly different between control and PTU-treated fish, though no differences in bacterial load or pathogen resistance were noted. Overall, these results suggest that early life stage TH suppression causes long-term impacts on immune function at the molecular and cellular levels suggesting a key role for TH signaling in normal immune system development. This study lays the foundation for further exploration into thyroid-immune crosstalk in fish. This is noteworthy as disruption of the thyroid system during development, which can occur in response to chemicals present in the environment, may have lasting effects on immune function in adulthood.
Defect-induced ferromagnetism in a S = 1/2 quasi-one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain compound
Authors: Wang Zhe , Hu Lin , Lin Langsheng , Han Yuyan , Hao Ning , Xu Jingtao , Chen Qianwang , Qu Zhe
Published: July 2021

We present evidences that defects in the spin S = 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain (HAFC) compound can lead to ferromagnetism by studying the magnetic and thermal properties of the newly discovered quasi-one-dimensional (1D) metal–organic framework [CH3NH3][Cu(HCOO)3] (MACuF). Our findings suggest that the long-range ferromagnetic order at 3.7 K can be attributed to Cu2+ ions from the 2D networks constructed by the endpoints of the broken chains. In such a case, the intrinsic magnetism can emerge in this quasi-1D Heisenberg chain system at the background of the short-range antiferromagnetism. This unusual ferromagnetism found in HAFC not only enriches magnetic features in the low-dimensional systems, but helps to understand some of the exotic magnetic phenomena in other real quasi-1D magnetic materials.
Prospective, comparative clinical pilot study of cold atmospheric plasma device in the treatment of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Kim Young Jae , Lim Dong Jun , Lee Mi Young , Lee Woo Jin , Chang Sung Eun , Won Chong Hyun
Published: July 2021

Cold atmospheric plasma generates free radicals through the ionization of air at room temperature. Its effect and safety profile as a treatment modality for atopic dermatitis lesions have not been evaluated prospectively enough. We aimed to investigate the effect and safety of cold atmospheric plasma in patients with atopic dermatitis with a prospective pilot study. Cold atmospheric plasma treatment or sham control treatment were applied respectively in randomly assigned and symmetric skin lesions. Three treatment sessions were performed at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Clinical severity indices were assessed at weeks 0, 1, 2, and 4 after treatment. Additionally, the microbial characteristics of the lesions before and after treatments were analyzed. We included 22 patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis presented with symmetric lesions. We found that cold atmospheric plasma can alleviate the clinical severity of atopic dermatitis. Modified atopic dermatitis antecubital severity and eczema area and severity index score were significantly decreased in the treated group. Furthermore, scoring of atopic dermatitis score and pruritic visual analog scales significantly improved. Microbiome analysis revealed significantly reduced proportion of Staphylococcus aureus in the treated group. Cold atmospheric plasma can significantly improve mild and moderate atopic dermatitis without safety issues.
Dissipative Kerr solitons in a photonic dimer on both sides of exceptional point
Authors: Komagata K. , Tusnin A. , Riemensberger J. , Churaev M. , Guo H. , Tikan A. , Kippenberg T. J.
Published: July 2021

Exceptional points are a ubiquitous concept widely present in driven-dissipative coupled systems described by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. To date, exceptional points have been extensively examined in the systems supporting only a few optical modes, thereby leaving the observation of collective (multimode) effects outside of the scope of the study. In the present paper, we analyze the role of exceptional points in nonlinear multimode photonics. Specifically, we provide insights into the complex nonlinear dynamics arising in a continuous wave-driven pair of strongly coupled microresonators. Investigating this system, we demonstrate mechanisms of dissipative Kerr soliton formation in two fundamentally different regimes separated by a line of exceptional points. Highlighting the diversity of emergent nonlinear effects, we describe the on-demand generation of single-solitons, perfect soliton crystals and bright-dark soliton pairs on either side of exceptional points.
Determining breast cancer biomarker status and associated morphological features using deep learning
Authors: Gamble Paul , Jaroensri Ronnachai , Wang Hongwu , Tan Fraser , Moran Melissa , Brown Trissia , Flament-Auvigne Isabelle , Rakha Emad A. , Toss Michael , Dabbs David J. , Regitnig Peter , Olson Niels , Wren James H. , Robinson Carrie , Corrado Greg S. , Peng Lily H. , Liu Yun , Mermel Craig H. , Steiner David F. , Chen Po-Hsuan Cameron
Published: July 2021

Background

Breast cancer management depends on biomarkers including estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ER/PR/HER2). Though existing scoring systems are widely used and well-validated, they can involve costly preparation and variable interpretation. Additionally, discordances between histology and expected biomarker findings can prompt repeat testing to address biological, interpretative, or technical reasons for unexpected results.

Methods

We developed three independent deep learning systems (DLS) to directly predict ER/PR/HER2 status for both focal tissue regions (patches) and slides using hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained (H&E) images as input. Models were trained and evaluated using pathologist annotated slides from three data sources. Areas under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUCs) were calculated for test sets at both a patch-level (>135 million patches, 181 slides) and slide-level (n = 3274 slides, 1249 cases, 37 sites). Interpretability analyses were performed using Testing with Concept Activation Vectors (TCAV), saliency analysis, and pathologist review of clustered patches.

Results

The patch-level AUCs are 0.939 (95%CI 0.936–0.941), 0.938 (0.936–0.940), and 0.808 (0.802–0.813) for ER/PR/HER2, respectively. At the slide level, AUCs are 0.86 (95%CI 0.84–0.87), 0.75 (0.73–0.77), and 0.60 (0.56–0.64) for ER/PR/HER2, respectively. Interpretability analyses show known biomarker-histomorphology associations including associations of low-grade and lobular histology with ER/PR positivity, and increased inflammatory infiltrates with triple-negative staining.

Conclusions

This study presents rapid breast cancer biomarker estimation from routine H&E slides and builds on prior advances by prioritizing interpretability of computationally learned features in the context of existing pathological knowledge.
Isomorphic titanium-substituted mesoporous SBA-16 as support for cobalt Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalysts: balance between dispersion and reduction
Authors: Wei Liang , Chen Jian , Lyu Shuai , Liu Chengchao , Zhao Yanxi , Zhang Yuhua , Yang Jing , Li Jinlin
Published: July 2021

The delicate balance between dispersion and reduction of the Co-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalyst is the golden key to enhancing catalytic performance, which highly depends on an optimized metal–support interaction.
Irisin recouples osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis to protect wear-particle-induced osteolysis by suppressing oxidative stress and RANKL production
Authors: Hu Sihan , Xue Yuan , He Jiachen , Chen Chichi , Sun Jie , Jin Yesheng , Zhang Yuanshu , Shi Qin , Rui Yongjun
Published: July 2021

Irisin protected bone from Ti particle-induced osteolysis by recoupling osteoblastic formation and osteoclastic resorption.
Vitamin E-facilitated carbon monoxide pro-drug nanomedicine for efficient light-responsive combination cancer therapy
Authors: Opoku-Damoah Yaw , Zhang Run , Ta Hang T. , Xu Zhi Ping
Published: July 2021

A reliable approach is developed to formulate a targeted lipid-coated nanomedicine based on UCNP and co-loaded with CO-prodrug and vitamin E, which can convert NIR light to UV photon to release CO for synergistical cancer therapy with vitamin E.
Enantioselective assembly of 3,3-disubstituted succinimides via three-component reaction of vinyl diazosuccinimides with alcohols and imines
Authors: Yuan Haoxuan , Hong Kemiao , Liu Xiangrong , Qian Yu , Xu Xinfang , Hu Wenhao
Published: July 2021

An enantioselective gem-functionalization of vinyl diazosuccinimdes: assembly of chiral 3,3-disubstituted succinimides in high to excellent enantioselectivity.
Surface-directed ZnGa2O4 and β-Ga2O3 nanofins coated with a non-polar GaN shell based on the Kirkendall effect
Authors: Nikoobakht Babak , Johnston-Peck Aaron C. , Laleyan David , Wang Ping , Mi Zetian
Published: July 2021

Transformation of laterally grown ZnO nanofins by replacing Zn with Ga via the “Kirkendall Effect”.
Effect of ultra-low amount of gold in oxide-supported bimetallic Au–Fe and Au–Cu catalysts on liquid-phase aerobic glycerol oxidation in water
Authors: Redina Elena A. , Kapustin Gennady I. , Tkachenko Olga P. , Greish Alexander A. , Kustov Leonid M.
Published: July 2021

Low-loaded Au–Fe and Au–Cu supported bimetallic catalysts showed exceptional activity in liquid-phase glycerol oxidation. Strong synergetic effect of Au–Fe (Cu) interaction and Au content tuned the oxidation activity and selectivity of the catalysts.
Polymethylaluminoxane organic frameworks (sMAOF) – highly active supports for slurry phase ethylene polymerisation
Authors: Kilpatrick Alexander F. R. , Geddes Harry S. , Turner Zoë R. , Buffet Jean-Charles , Goodwin Andrew L. , O'Hare Dermot
Published: July 2021

A series of modified solid polymethylaluminoxane (sMAO) catalyst supports have been developed for slurry phase ethylene polymerisation, using aryl di-ol modifier groups.
Insights into sulfur poisoning and regeneration of Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts: in situ Cu and S K-edge XAS studies
Authors: Mesilov Vitaly , Dahlin Sandra , Bergman Susanna L. , Hammershøi Peter S. , Xi Shibo , Pettersson Lars J. , Bernasek Steven L.
Published: July 2021

The temperature during sulfur poisoning affects the relation between total sulfur content and the fraction of sulfur-free copper in poisoned and regenerated Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts.
Dehalogenation reaction photocatalyzed by homoleptic copper(i) complexes associated with strongly reductive sacrificial donors
Authors: Gimeno Lea , Queffélec Clémence , Mall Haidaraly Kevin , Blart Errol , Pellegrin Yann
Published: July 2021

To perform challenging reduction reactions with light at low cost and low toxicity, we use for the first time a reductive quenching cycle with a simple, strongly colored homoleptic copper(i) complex [Cu(dipp)2]+(dipp = 2,9-diisopropyl-1,10-phen).
Electrochemical control of [FeFe]-hydrogenase single crystals reveals complex redox populations at the catalytic site
Authors: Morra Simone , Duan Jifu , Winkler Martin , Ash Philip A. , Happe Thomas , Vincent Kylie A.
Published: July 2021

The distribution of redox species in single crystals of [FeFe]-hydrogenase can be tuned electrochemically. All catalytic intermediates are observed by simultaneous infrared microspectroscopy, providing a roadmap for enriching specific redox states.
Towards nanovesicle-based disease diagnostics: a rapid single-step exosome assay within one hour throughin situimmunomagnetic extraction and nanophotonic label-free detection
Authors: Zhang Qinming , Loghry Hannah J. , Qian Jingjing , Kimber Michael J. , Dong Liang , Lu Meng
Published: July 2021

A rapid single-step exosome assay within one hour throughin situimmunomagnetic extraction and nanophotonic label-free detection.
Pb in halide perovskites for photovoltaics: reasons for optimism
Authors: Mallick Arindam , Visoly-Fisher Iris
Published: July 2021

Pb release from perovskite solar cells may not be as concerning as it seems, since it is controllable.
On the evolution of sulfonated polyphenylenes as proton exchange membranes for fuel cells
Authors: Adamski Michael , Peressin Nicolas , Holdcroft Steven
Published: July 2021

The recent expansion in proton exchange membrane (PEM) research has been commensurate with the growth of PEM fuel cell research, wherein sulfonated polyphenylenes have emerged as leading material candidates for fluorine-free, fully hydrocarbon PEMs.
An effective strategy for the development of multiferroic composite nanostructures with enhanced magnetoelectric coupling performance: a perovskite–spinel approach
Authors: Augustine Preethy , Narayana Yerol , Kalarikkal Nandakumar
Published: July 2021

An energy efficient move toward the regulation of magnetization vector solely with E-field by developing multiferroic (MF) magnetoelectric (ME) nanostructures' have opened up vast avenues for novel low power consumption memories and magnetoelectric devices.
Nano-spinel cobalt decorated sulphur doped graphene: an efficient and durable electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and non-enzymatic sensing of H2O2
Authors: Wani Adil Amin , Bhat Murtaza Manzoor , Sofi Feroz Ahmad , Bhat Sajad Ahmad , Ingole Pravin P. , Rashid Nusrat , Bhat Mohsin Ahmad
Published: July 2021

We report the synthesis of a nano-spinel cobalt decorated sulphur doped reduced graphene oxide (Co@S–rGO) composite exhibiting excellent electrocatalytic performance and electrochemical stability toward oxygen evolution reaction in an alkaline medium.
Electronic and assembly properties of a water-soluble blue naphthalene diimide
Authors: Welsh Thomas A. , Matsarskaia Olga , Schweins Ralf , Draper Emily R.
Published: July 2021

Herein we report on the synthesis and characterisation of a water soluble deep blue naphthalene diimide, (iPrNH)2NDI–V.
A multifunctional nanodiamond-based nanoplatform for the enhanced mild-temperature photothermal/chemo combination therapy of triple negative breast cancer via an autophagy regulation strategy
Authors: Cui Xinyue , Liang Zhaoyuan , Lu Jianqing , Wang Xuan , Jia Fan , Hu Qin , Xiao Xiangqian , Deng Xiongwei , Wu Yan , Sheng Wang
Published: July 2021

A multifunctional nanodiamond-based theranostic nanoplatform was fabricated that exhibited enhanced mild-temperature photothermal/chemo combination therapy efficiency via an autophagy regulation strategy against triple negative breast cancer.
Inserting ultrafine NiO nanoparticles into amorphous NiP sheets by in situ phase reconstruction for high-stability of the HER catalysts
Authors: Sun Chaoyang , Wang Hui , Ren Jianwei , Wang Xuyun , Wang Rongfang
Published: July 2021

In situ phase reconstruction of Ni2P nanosheets, found using cyclic voltammetry, to improve the activity and stability of the HER catalyst.
Progress, challenges and future directions of heterocycles as building blocks in iterative methodologies towards sequence-defined oligomers and polymers
Authors: Hill Stephen A. , Steinfort Robert , Hartmann Laura
Published: July 2021

Heterocyclic building blocks for iterative methodologies leading to sequence-defined oligomers and polymers are reviewed. Solid- as well as solution-phase methods, challenges surrounding these systems and potential future directions are presented.
Tannin polymerization: an overview
Authors: Vera Myleidi , Urbano Bruno F.
Published: July 2021

This review critically addresses the most relevant and innovative techniques for obtaining polymers from tannins.
A fluoropolymer with a low dielectric constant at a high frequency derived from bio-based anethole
Authors: Li Minghui , Sun Jing , Fang Qiang
Published: July 2021

The copolymerization between a fluoro-containing monomer derived from bio-based anethole and a benzocyclobutene (BCB)-containing monomer gave a polymer with good dielectric properties and low water uptake.
Clusterization-triggered emission (CTE): one for all, all for one
Authors: Liao Peilong , Huang Jianbin , Yan Yun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2021

This review summarizes recent progress in CTE studies focusing on understanding the mechanisms and general characteristics. Additionally, some interdisciplinary and distinctive studies are discussed.
Seasonal dynamics of the phenolic constituents of the cones and leaves of orientalThuja(Platycladus orientalisL.) reveal their anti-inflammatory biomarkers
Authors: Darwish Reham S. , Hammoda Hala M. , Ghareeb Doaa A. , Abdelhamid Ali S. A. , Harraz Fathallah M. , Shawky Eman
Published: July 2021

In this study, the seasonal dynamics of the flavonoids in the cones and leaves of orientalThuja(Platycladus orientalisL. Franco) as well as thein vitroanti-inflammatory activity of their extracts were investigated.
Experimental and molecular dynamics study into the surfactant effect upon coal wettability
Authors: Liu Yi-ting , Li Hong-mei , Gao Ming-zhong , Ye Si-qi , Zhao Yun , Xie Jing , Liu Gui-kang , Liu Jun-jun , Li Lu-Ming , Deng Jie , Zhou Wei-Qi
Published: July 2021

The experimental and molecular dynamics studies show that the effective wettability of Triton X-100 is controlled by the strong π–π adsorption between hydrophobic end and coal molecule, and the hydrogen bond between hydrophilic end and water.
Investigation of the thermal properties of phase change materials encapsulated in capped carbon nanotubes using molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Abbaspour Mohsen , Jorabchi Majid Namayandeh , Akbarzadeh Hamed , Ebrahimnejad Azra
Published: July 2021

Nanocluster enhanced PCM and metal doped CNT PCM systems have lower melting points than the normal system.
Recent advances in intermolecular 1,2-difunctionalization of alkenes involving trifluoromethylthiolation
Authors: Yan-mei Li , Jin-feng Fu , Long-qiang He , Wei-na Li , Vessally Esmail
Published: July 2021

Trifluoromethylthiolative difunctionalization of alkenes, a cheap and abundant feedstock, which installs a trifluoromethylthiol (SCF3) group and another unique functional group across the carbon–carbon double bonds, provides an ideal strategy for the preparation of β-functionalized alkyl trifluoromethyl sulfides and has become a hot topic recently.
Kinetics of the direct DME synthesis from CO2 rich syngas under variation of the CZA-to-γ-Al2O3 ratio of a mixed catalyst bed
Authors: Delgado Otalvaro Nirvana , Sogne Gerardo , Herrera Delgado Karla , Wild Stefan , Pitter Stephan , Sauer Jörg
Published: July 2021

Experimental and numerical kinetic investigations for the direct DME synthesis resulted in one of the predictive models with the broadest range of validity in the open literature for the CZA/γ-Al2O3 system.
Protection of lead-induced cytotoxicity using paramagnetic nickel–insulin quantum clusters
Authors: Sharda Deepinder , Attri Komal , Kaur Pawandeep , Choudhury Diptiman
Published: July 2021

Receptor targeted ferromagnetic Insulin–Nickel Quantum fluorescence Clusters (INiQCs) can specifically detect Pb2+ and prevents Pb2+ poisoning.
Optical studies and dielectric response of [DMA]2MCl4(M = Zn and Co) and [DMA]2ZnBr4
Authors: Mahfoudh N. , Karoui K. , BenRhaiem A.
Published: July 2021

[DMA]2ZnCl4, [DMA]2CoCl4and [DMA]2ZnBr4crystallized in the monoclinic system, in theP21/n,P21/nandP21/cspace groups, respectively.
A facile synthesis of high entropy alloy nanoparticle–activated carbon nanocomposites for synergetic degradation of methylene blue
Authors: Liu Yuyu , Chen Zheng , Yang Xiaoqin , Zhang Jinyong , Sun Zhonggang , Chen Yuzeng , Liu Feng
Published: July 2021

CoCrFeMnNi HEA NPs–AC were synthesized facilely with FCC solid solution phase and outstanding catalytic performance. The time required to reduce MB concentration can be as short as 12 min with the kobs of 0.191 min−1 for the 10 wt% catalyst.
Development of an ultrafast fluorescent probe for specific recognition of hypochlorous acid and its application in live cells
Authors: Xu Zhencai , Wang Xiaofeng , Duan Tingting , He Rong , Wang Fangwu , Zhou Xuejun
Published: July 2021

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a highly potent oxidant of reactive oxygen species, plays critical roles in many physiological and pathological processes. In this work, we designed a simple coumarin-based fluorescent probe, Cou–HOCl, for detecting HOCl in inflammatory cells.
One-dimensional lead iodide hybrid stabilized by inorganic hexarhenium cluster cations as a new broad-band emitter
Authors: Ly Giang Thi , Choi Jun , Kim Youngmee , Kim Yuna , Kim Sujin , Yang So-Hyeon , Kim Sung-Jin
Published: July 2021

A novel one-dimensional (1D) hybrid {[Re6S8(Pz)6][Pb3I8(DMF)2]}·6(DMF) with hexarhenium cluster cations has been synthesized, and it shows strong broad-band emission with peak at 634 nm.
Metal-free cascade synthesis of unsymmetrical 2-aminopyrimidines from imidazolate enaminones
Authors: Cui Xue , Ma Jianting , Zeng Tingting , Xu Junyu , Li Youbin , Wang Xuesong
Published: July 2021

A convenient metal-free synthesis of unsymmetrical 2-aminopyrimidines from imidazolate enaminones has been developed.
Optimized iminium-catalysed 1,4-reductions inside the resorcinarene capsule: achieving >90% ee with proline as catalyst
Authors: Sokolova Daria , Tiefenbacher Konrad
Published: July 2021

A supramolecular container enables highly enantioselective iminium chemistry using simple proline as the chiral source.
Betaine host–guest complexation with a calixarene receptor: enhanced in vitro anticancer effect
Authors: Fahmy Sherif Ashraf , Ponte Fortuna , Fawzy Iten M. , Sicilia Emilia , Azzazy Hassan Mohamed El-Said
Published: July 2021

The complexation between p-SC4 and betaine was thoroughly investigated experimentally and computationally. A remarkable enhancement of the cytotoxic activities of betaine/p-SC4 complex was observed as compared to free betaine.
Synthesis of functionalized benzo[1,3]dioxin-4-ones from salicylic acid and acetylenic esters and their direct amidation
Authors: Bhaskaran Rasmi P. , Nayak Kalinga H. , Babu Beneesh P.
Published: July 2021

An efficient method for the synthesis of the active core 4H-benzo[d][1,3]dioxin-4-one followed by its direct room temperature amidation is reported.
Vibrational Stark shift spectroscopy of catalysts under the influence of electric fields at electrode–solution interfaces
Authors: Bhattacharyya Dhritiman , Videla Pablo E. , Cattaneo Mauricio , Batista Victor S. , Lian Tianquan , Kubiak Clifford P.
Published: July 2021

Heterogeneous electrocatalysis: characterization of interfacial electric field within the electrochemical double layer.
Electrochemistry, ion adsorption and dynamics in the double layer: a study of NaCl(aq) on graphite
Authors: Finney Aaron R. , McPherson Ian J. , Unwin Patrick R. , Salvalaglio Matteo
Published: July 2021

CμMD reveals multi-layer electrolyte screening in the double layer beyond 0.6 M, which affects ion activities, speciation and mobility; asymmetric charge screening explains concentration dependent changes to electrochemical properties.
Do carbon nanotubes catalyse bromine/bromide redox chemistry?
Authors: Kaliyaraj Selva Kumar Archana , Miao Ruiyang , Li Danlei , Compton Richard G.
Published: July 2021

Schematic of a carbon nanotube impact in bromide solution.
Amide-bridged conjugated organic polymers: efficient metal-free catalysts for visible-light-driven CO2 reduction with H2O to CO
Authors: Wen Fan , Zhang Fengtao , Wang Zhen , Yu Xiaoxiao , Ji Guipeng , Li Dongyang , Tong Shengrui , Wang Yingbin , Han Buxing , Liu Zhimin
Published: July 2021

Amino nitrile-derived conjugated organic polymers can realize the photoreduction of CO2 with water to CO without H2 generation efficiently.
Automated affinity selection for rapid discovery of peptide binders
Authors: Zhang Genwei , Li Chengxi , Quartararo Anthony J. , Loas Andrei , Pentelute Bradley L.
Published: July 2021

This work reports an automated affinity selection-mass spectrometry (AS-MS) approach amenable to both de novo peptide binder discovery and affinity maturation of known binders in a high-throughput and selective manner.
Nickel-mediated N–N bond formation and N2O liberation via nitrogen oxyanion reduction
Authors: Beagan Daniel M. , Cabelof Alyssa C. , Pink Maren , Carta Veronica , Gao Xinfeng , Caulton Kenneth G.
Published: July 2021

Deoxygenation of nitrogen oxyanions coordinated to nickel using reduced borylated heterocycles leads to N–N bond formation and N2O liberation. The nickel dimer product facilitates NO disproportionation, leading to a synthetic cycle.
A surface flattening method for characterizing the surface stress, drained Poisson's ratio and diffusivity of poroelastic gels
Authors: Liu Zezhou , Hui Chung-Yuen , Jagota Anand , Gong Jian Ping , Kiyama Ryuji
Published: July 2021

When a poroelastic gel is released from a patterned mold, surface stress drives deformation and solvent migration in the gel and flattens its surface profile in a time-dependent manner.
Photocatalytic polymers of intrinsic microporosity for hydrogen production from water
Authors: Bai Yang , Wilbraham Liam , Gao Hui , Clowes Rob , Yang Haofan , Zwijnenburg Martijn A. , Cooper Andrew I. , Sprick Reiner Sebastian
Published: July 2021

Conjugated polymers of intrinsic microporosity show excellent performance as photocatalysts for sacrificial hydrogen production from water as they combine extended conjugation with high surface areas.
New strategies for economically feasible CO2 electroreduction using a porous membrane in zero-gap configuration
Authors: Lee Woong Hee , Kim Kyeongsu , Lim Chulwan , Ko Young-Jin , Hwang Yun Jeong , Min Byoung Koun , Lee Ung , Oh Hyung-Suk
Published: July 2021

Technoeconomic analysis (TEA) sensitivity results for a CO2RR system with porous membrane (PM).
Ultrathin 2D/2D Ti3C2Tx/semiconductor dual-functional photocatalysts for simultaneous imine production and H2 evolution
Authors: Wang Hao , Hu Peng , Zhou Jie , Roeffaers Maarten B. J. , Weng Bo , Wang Yongqing , Ji Hongbing
Published: July 2021

Ultrathin 2D/2D Ti3C2Tx/semiconductor (CdS and Bi2MoO6) dual-functional photocatalysts have been constructed for the oxidative coupling of benzylamines to imines combined with H2 generation under visible light irradiation (λ ≥420 nm).
A highly active perovskite anode with an in situ exsolved nanoalloy catalyst for direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Ma Minjian , Yang Xiaoxia , Ren Rongzheng , Xu Chunming , Qiao Jinshuo , Sun Wang , Sun Kening , Wang Zhenhua
Published: July 2021

A novel layered perovskite, with an in situ exsolved FeNi3 catalyst for the reverse Boudouard reaction, is developed as the anode of direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells. The highly active alloy–perovskite interface greatly promotes anode reactions.
Aluminium-based MIL-100(Al) and MIL-101(Al) metal–organic frameworks, derivative materials and composites: synthesis, structure, properties and applications
Authors: Steenhaut Timothy , Filinchuk Yaroslav , Hermans Sophie
Published: July 2021

This review summarizes the synthesis, properties and applications of two related and particularly interesting mesoporous aluminium-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs): MIL-100(Al) and MIL-101(Al).
Boosting the water dissociation kinetics via charge redistribution of ruthenium decorated on S, N-codoped carbon
Authors: Li Tingya , Zhang Xueyan , Chen Yilan , Zhong Lixiang , Li Shuzhou , Zhang Peixin , Zhao Chenyang
Published: July 2021

A simple yet robust route to the synthesis of Ru decorated S, N co-doped carbon (denoted Ru-SNC) is reported. The Ru-SNC-2 exhibits a superior catalytic performance due to the boosted water dissociation kinetics with an η@10 of only 14 mV.
Performance and stability improvements in metal halide perovskite with intralayer incorporation of organic additives
Authors: Li Yanan , Dailey Matthew , Lohr Patrick J. , Printz Adam D.
Published: July 2021

Organic additives can be used to tune the properties of metal halide perovskites to improve their performance and stability for a wide range of applications, including photovoltaics, thin-film transistors, and light-emitting diodes.
Photodynamic therapy using self-assembled nanogels comprising chlorin e6-bearing pullulan
Authors: Kawasaki Riku , Ohdake Reo , Yamana Keita , Eto Takuro , Sugikawa Kouta , Ikeda Atsushi
Published: July 2021

Efficient photodynamic therapy using self-assembled nanogel comprising chlorin e6-bearing polysaccharide.
Synergistically enhanced multienzyme catalytic nanoconjugates for efficient cancer therapy
Authors: Yin Sheng-Yan , Liu Wei , Yang Jinfeng , Li Jishan
Published: July 2021

Tumors are complex and highly variable, making it difficult for a single treatment strategy to be significantly effective for cancer therapy.
Biodegradable phenylboronic acid-modified ε-polylysine for glucose-responsive insulin delivery via transdermal microneedles
Authors: Shen Di , Yu Haojie , Wang Li , Chen Xiang , Feng Jingyi , Zhang Qian , Xiong Wei , Pan Jin , Han Yin , Liu Xiaowei
Published: July 2021

Microneedles with insulin-loaded glucose-responsive particles are promising to control the blood glucose levels of diabetic patients.
Advances and impact of arginine-based materials in wound healing
Authors: Zhou Yang , Liu Guiting , Huang Hai , Wu Jun
Published: July 2021

In this review, we will illustrate the enhancement and mechanism of arginine in wound healing. A survey on the recent progress in arginine-based therapy was also completed. The challenges and perspectives of arginine-based medicine for regeneration will be identified.
Current strategies in tailoring methods for engineered exosomes and future avenues in biomedical applications
Authors: Mishra Ankita , Singh Prerna , Qayoom Irfan , Prasad Abhay , Kumar Ashok
Published: July 2021

Different modification techniques for engineering exosomes and their biomedical applications thereof.
Highly sensitive non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor surpassing water oxidation interference
Authors: Thakur Neha , Mandal Debaprasad , Nagaiah Tharamani C.
Published: July 2021

An electrochemical non-enzymatic sensor based on a NiVP/Pi material was developed for the selective and sensitive determination of glucose.
The role of orientation in the MEL response of OLEDs
Authors: Engmann Sebastian , Bittle Emily G. , Richter Lee J. , Hallani Rawad K. , Anthony John E. , Gundlach David J.
Published: July 2021

The magneto-electroluminescence response (MEL) of OLEDs strongly depends on the degree of order within the emitting film, with textured films exhibiting highly structured responses. The MEL is reproduced by a model that includes Zero-field splitting.
Isothermal crystallization and time-temperature-transformation diagram of the organic semiconductor 5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl)anthradithiophene
Authors: Yu Liyang , Zeidell Andrew M. , Anthony John E. , Jurchescu Oana D. , Müller Christian
Published: July 2021

The time-temperature-transformation diagram describing crystallization of the semiconducting molecule TES-ADT from its melt was constructed and found to correlate with the thin-film micro/nanostructure and electronic performance.
Bioinspired gradient hydrogel actuators with rewritable patterns and programmable shape deformation
Authors: Mo Kangwei , Lin Jiehan , Wei Peng , Mei Jin , Chang Chunyu
Published: July 2021

Our work provides a facile yet efficient strategy to fabricate hydrogel actuators with rewritable patterns and programmable shape deformations.
Investigation of the specificity and mechanism of action of the ULK1/AMPK inhibitor SBI-0206965
Authors: Ahwazi Danial , Neopane Katyayanee , Markby Greg R. , Kopietz Franziska , Ovens Ashley J. , Dall Morten , Hassing Anna S. , Gräsle Pamina , Alshuweishi Yazeed , Treebak Jonas T. , Salt Ian P. , Göransson Olga , Zeqiraj Elton , Scott John W. , Sakamoto Kei
Published: July 2021

SBI-0206965, originally identified as an inhibitor of the autophagy initiator kinase ULK1, has recently been reported as a more potent and selective AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor relative to the widely used, but promiscuous inhibitor Compound C/Dorsomorphin. Here, we studied the effects of SBI-0206965 on AMPK signalling and metabolic readouts in multiple cell types, including hepatocytes, skeletal muscle cells and adipocytes. We observed SBI-0206965 dose dependently attenuated AMPK activator (991)-stimulated ACC phosphorylation and inhibition of lipogenesis in hepatocytes. SBI-0206965 (≥25 μM) modestly inhibited AMPK signalling in C2C12 myotubes, but also inhibited insulin signalling, insulin-mediated/AMPK-independent glucose uptake, and AICA-riboside uptake. We performed an extended screen of SBI-0206965 against a panel of 140 human protein kinases in vitro, which showed SBI-0206965 inhibits several kinases, including members of AMPK-related kinases (NUAK1, MARK3/4), equally or more potently than AMPK or ULK1. This screen, together with molecular modelling, revealed that most SBI-0206965-sensitive kinases contain a large gatekeeper residue with a preference for methionine at this position. We observed that mutation of the gatekeeper methionine to a smaller side chain amino acid (threonine) rendered AMPK and ULK1 resistant to SBI-0206965 inhibition. These results demonstrate that although SBI-0206965 has utility for delineating AMPK or ULK1 signalling and cellular functions, the compound potently inhibits several other kinases and critical cellular functions such as glucose and nucleoside uptake. Our study demonstrates a role for the gatekeeper residue as a determinant of the inhibitor sensitivity and inhibitor-resistant mutant forms could be exploited as potential controls to probe specific cellular effects of SBI-0206965.
Bending characteristics of radio frequency microelectromechanical system low‐pass filter based on flexible substrate
Authors: Han Lei , Wang Rui , Chen Lijun
Published: July 2021

The aim of this paper is to investigate the bending characteristics of a low‐pass RF MEMS (radio frequency microelectromechanical system) filter based on a flexible substrate. The proposed filter is achieved by complementary split ring resonator and MEMS bridge which are fabricated on a flexible LCP (liquid crystal polymer) substrate. The bending characteristics of the filter are revealed by theory, simulation and measurement. The experimental results demonstrate that the return loss of the filter deteriorates and the cut‐off frequency of the filter decreases with the curvature of the flexible substrate increasing. The cut‐off frequency is 38.5 GHz and the return loss is −22.7 dB at 10 GHz with the flat substrate. When the curvature of the substrate increases to 28.57 m–1, the cut‐off frequency decreases to 14.8 GHz, and the return loss deteriorates to −5.7 dB at 10 GHz.
Design and analysis of a novel spoke‐type motor to reduce the use of rare‐earth magnet materials
Authors: Seok Chang‐Hoon , Choi Hong‐Soon , Seo Jangho
Published: July 2021

In this study, a novel design for a tilted spoke‐type hybrid permanent magnet synchronous motor (TH‐PMSM) that uses two types of permanent magnet (PM) materials is proposed to reduce the consumption of rare‐earth PM materials. The key feature of this motor is securing space by tilting the permanent magnet, so that more PMs can be used in the limited rotor space. In addition, based on the centre axis of the rotor, the rare‐earth magnets are positioned deeper inside than ferrite PMs to maximise the torque density and reduce the leakage magnetic flux that occurs around the centre of the rotor. Moreover, unlike ordinary spoke‐type rotors, it is designed with an integral core like the rotor of the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), so it is structurally safe even at high speeds. To ensure that the proposed motor is efficiently designed, the output torque, PM cost, cogging torque, and torque ripple were compared with those of the conventional rare‐earth PM motors with the same overall dimensions. The validity of the proposed motor was verified by the results of a finite element method simulation and experiments on the fabricated motor.
An improved self‐interference canceller for X‐band radar transceivers
Authors: Mahdi Mohammed , Darwish Mohammad , Tork Hossam , El‐Tager Ayman
Published: July 2021

A study and analysis of an X‐band transceiver self‐interference cancelation system based on wideband 90° phase‐shifters are presented. The analysis introduces the conditions for perfect isolation and imbalance mitigation in the system. A high isolation, low path‐loss transmitter leakage canceller for single antenna frequency‐modulated continuous wave radar applications is developed and fabricated to validate the provided analysis. The canceller consists of two circulators, three Wilkinson combiners/dividers and three phase‐shifters. Practically, similar circulators have certain performance mismatches, which degrades conventional canceller performance. The proposed system uses a 90° phase‐shifter along with the Wilkinson to allow the tuning of the phase difference for each branch to compensate for circulators' mismatches. The proposed canceller is designed at a 10 GHz centre frequency. The measurement results show more than 40 dB isolation for 600 MHz bandwidth (9.6–10.2 GHz) with less than 1.7 and 1.4 dB transmitter and receiver path‐losses, respectively. The good agreement between measurements and simulations verifies the proposed system as well as the proposed analysis.
Microgrid‐based resilient distribution network planning for a new town
Authors: Mojtahedzadeh Shahram , Najafi Ravadanegh Sajad , Haghifam Mahmoud‐Reza
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, the deployment of micro‐grids (MGs) is one of the important trends in modern distribution network planning. Implementing this strategy aims to improve the ability of the distribution network to withstand extreme weather conditions and supplying critical loads. While the literature has focused chiefly on operating distribution systems and partitioning them into MGs, in this work, the idea of planning a new low voltage (LV) radial distribution system based on multi MGs for a greenfield is proposed. The main contribution is providing a framework to plan a resilient LV distribution system step by step for a new town without any operating grid. In the planning process, some MGs are formed and their service area and technical specifications like the number of MGs and their sizes are determined by a multi‐objective optimization algorithm considering hardening and resiliency issues. The planning is done in a way that all predefined critical loads will be supplied. To consider the effects of extreme weather conditions, failure rates of poles and conductors due to thunderstorms are considered as a function of wind speed, and their appropriate models are used. The provided method is implemented in a test case with three major scenarios. Accordingly, planning in normal conditions considering hardening options and resilient network planning cases are evaluated. Simulation results and resiliency metrics are compared in detail.
Dense false target jamming suppression for airborne superimposed stepped frequency radar
Authors: Chen Wei , Xie Wenchong , Zhang Zhaojian , Zeng Li , Wang Yongliang
Published: July 2021

Traditional space‐time adaptive processing (STAP) suffers from severe performance degradation in dense false target jamming scenarios, especially mainlobe deceptive jamming. To solve this problem, the superimposed stepped frequency (SSF) radar is explored and its ability in suppressing the mainlobe deceptive jamming is studied in this work. SSF radar can provide a controllable degree of freedom in range domain besides the traditional freedom in angle and Doppler domains, which can be used to distinguish true and false targets. Thus, the range cascaded STAP approach is proposed to suppress the deceptive jamming and the clutter. First, the true target and clutter are blocked in carrier frequency domain. Then, the jamming is attenuated by the adaptive filter in carrier frequency domain with the jamming covariance matrix being constructed by the blocked data. At last, the clutter can be suppressed by the cascaded STAP in the space‐time domain. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed radar framework and the processing approach in suppressing the clutter and jamming.
Characteristics of new permanent magnetic eddy current drive system of the scraper conveyor
Authors: Li Deyong , Wang Shuang
Published: July 2021

This study provides a new permanent magnetic eddy current drive system to solve the energy‐saving drive problem of the scraper conveyor working under bad conditions, including overload startup, severe abrasion and pollution. Considering the practical conveying conditions of the scraper chain on a fully mechanised coal mining face, this study creates a mathematical model for the new permanent magnetic eddy current drive system of the scraper conveyor based on its characteristics and indicates the motion characteristics of the scraper chain driven by two wheels. This study verifies the model accuracy with a pre‐startup technology depending on the scraper conveyor on the No. 12318 working face of the 8th coal mine in the West No. 1 mining area of the Pansan Coal Mine of the Huainan Mining Group. According to the results, the motion acceleration of the scraper chain based on the new permanent magnetic eddy current drive is lower than that of the scraper chain with a hydraulic coupler under the same running and load during startup and acceleration and declines by approximately 14.7%. Consequently, this can decline the startup impact due to the serious abrasion and frequent overload of the scraper chain working under bad conditions.