bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biallelic DDHD2 mutations in patients with adult‐onset complex hereditary spastic paraplegia
Authors: Chou Ying‐Tsen , Hsu Shao‐Lun , Tsai Yu‐Shuen , Lu Yi‐Jiun , Yu Kai‐Wei , Wu Hsiu‐Mei , Liao Yi‐Chu , Lee Yi‐Chung
Published: July 2023

Objective

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders characterized by slowly progressive lower limb spasticity and weakness. HSP type 54 (SPG54) is autosomal recessively inherited and caused by mutations in the DDHD2 gene. This study investigated the clinical characteristics and molecular features of DDHD2 mutations in a cohort of Taiwanese patients with HSP.

Methods

Mutational analysis of DDHD2 was performed for 242 unrelated Taiwanese patients with HSP. The clinical, neuroimaging, and genetic features of the patients with biallelic DDHD2 mutations were characterized. A cell‐based study was performed to assess the effects of the DDHD2 mutations on protein expression.

Results

SPG54 was diagnosed in three patients. Among them, two patients carried compound heterozygous DDHD2 mutations, p.[R112Q];[Y606*] and p.[R112Q];[p.D660H], and the other one was homozygous for the DDHD2 p.R112Q mutation. DDHD2 p.Y606* is a novel mutation, whereas DDHD2 p.D660H and p.R112Q have been reported in the literature. All three patients manifested adult onset complex HSP with additional cerebellar ataxia, polyneuropathy, or cognitive impairment. Brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed an abnormal lipid peak in thalamus of all three patients. In vitro studies demonstrated that all the three DDHD2 mutations were associated with a considerably lower DDHD2 protein level.

Interpretation

SPG54 was detected in approximately 1.2% (3 of 242) of the Taiwanese HSP cohort. This study expands the known mutational spectrum of DDHD2, provides molecular evidence of the pathogenicity of the DDHD2 mutations, and underlines the importance of considering SPG54 as a potential diagnosis of adult‐onset HSP.
NIH urges improved research on rapid treatments for SUDs
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2023

Novel treatments for substance use disorders (SUDs) include rapid‐acting psychotherapeutics, in particular, psychedelics, and a “Perspective” published in Neuropsychopharmacology June 22, that was written by the heads of federal research agencies calls for evaluating these approaches.
Study finds CDC OD definition better than state surveillance
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2023

A study published in the June 28 issue of JAMA Network Open has found that a standardized case definition of “opioid overdose” currently being implemented by the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is more accurate than the one being used by state surveillance systems.
Volumetric Electron Transfer from Metabolites to Chemically Doped Polymer Electrodes
Authors: Tan Siew Ting Melissa , Lee Gijun , Rozylowicz Kalee , Marks Adam , Salleo Alberto
Published: July 2023

The development of sensor electrode materials for the detection of metabolites will enable point‐of‐care diagnostic devices for the monitoring and treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes. Current state‐of‐the‐art glucose sensing electrodes employ the organic salt tetrathiafulvene tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF TCNQ) to receive electrons directly from enzymatic reactions of glucose. However, TTF TCNQ is insoluble in most solvents, making it challenging to deposit high‐quality electrodes. Furthermore, its hydrophobicity hinders its interface with aqueous solutions in physiological environments. To overcome these issues, TCNQ derivatives are introduced into an electron‐rich and hydrophilic conjugated polymer. Thus, a polymeric electrode is demonstrated that is easily solution processible and can undergo volumetric direct electron transfer with glucose reactions throughout its bulk. This study further elucidates the electron transfer mechanism during chemical doping and metabolite sensing reactions to inform general design rules for this new class of glucose sensing materials.
VOC Bonding of Heterointerface Boosting Kinetics of Free‐Standing Na5V12O32 Cathode for Ultralong Lifespan Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Song Xuexia , Li Xifei , Shan Hui , Wang Jingjing , Li Wenbin , Xu Kaihua , Zhang Kun , Sari Hirbod Maleki Kheimeh , Lei Li , Xiao Wei , Qin Jian , Xie Chong , Sun Xueliang
Published: July 2023

The flexible free‐standing cathodes with high energy density have been challenging toward wearable sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, Na5V12O32 nanobelts (NVO‐NBs)‐based heterostructure is fabricated with boosting the sodium‐ion kinetic characteristics to address the challenges. In the heterostructure, the controllable VOC bonds are generated at the interface originating from the chemical conversion of functional groups of the reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) with VO bonding of NVO through interfacial electronic interactions. The interfacial synergistic between the brilliant bonding properties and the inherent formation of a stress field at the heterointerface motivated by work function difference can reduce the Na+ diffusion barrier, facilitate charge transfer, hence accelerates reaction kinetics and electron/ion transport, as well as modifying the electronic structure to realize a cherished adsorption energy of Na+. Therefore, the optimized NVO‐NBs‐based heterostructure exhibits exceptional rate capability (213 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C with 100 mAh g−1 at 10 C) and ultralong cycling stability (95.4%, 3000 cycles at 5 C). This work demonstrates that the controllable heterostructure interface with abundant chemical bonds is an effective approach to exploit potential cathodes for rechargeable batteries.
Flexible Electro‐Optical Perovskite/Electrolyte Synaptic Transistor to Emulate Photoelectric‐Synergistic Neural Learning Rules and Reflex‐Arc Behavior
Authors: Wei Huanhuan , Yao Ge , Ni Yao , Yang Lu , Liu Jiaqi , Sun Lin , Zhang Xiaojuan , Yang Jie , Xiao Yue , Zheng Fangcai , Xu Wentao
Published: July 2023

The design and fabrication of a flexible electric‐optical perovskite/electrolyte synaptic transistor are demonstrated for the first time, which emulates important neuromorphic functions under dual‐mode modulation. Benefiting from the bipolar charge transport properties of light‐harvesting perovskite and the high specific capacitance and mechanically robust multi‐ion electrolyte, the device exhibits bidirectional plasticity, better reliability, retaining >70% of the initial current level after 2500 flex per flat laps, and a very wide operating voltage window from 0.04 to 10 V, and responsive to ultralow stimuli down to tens of millivolt level with femtojoule‐level energy consumption. The synergistic high response under dual‐mode modulation enables the device to emulate complex neural learning rules and achieve neuromorphic applications, including classical conditioning and spatiotemporal learning, and image recognition tasks with higher accuracy of 81%. Moreover, an enhanced artificial reflex‐arc behavior is emulated by employing the flexible electro‐optical artificial synapses that serve as key information‐receiving‐processing units to manipulate the actions of electrochemical artificial muscles to a larger extent. These properties show great potential in soft neurorobotic systems and prostheses.
2D Short‐Channel Tunneling Transistor Relying on Dual‐Gate Modulation for Integrated Circuits Application
Authors: Li Ling , Deng Qunrui , Sun Yiming , Zhang Jielian , Zheng Tao , Wang Wenhai , Pan Yuan , Gao Wei , Lu Jianting , Li Jingbo , Huo Nengjie
Published: July 2023

With continuous size scaling, the surface dangling bonds and short‐channel effects will degrade silicon based transistor performance. Thus, it is of great importance to seek new channel materials and transistor architectures to further continue Moore's law. Herein, a new ultra‐thin short‐channel tunneling transistor is developed comprising all 2D‐ components. Distinct from usual 2D planar transistor, this device is configured with vertical MoS2/WSe2 junction and in‐plane WSe2 channel, the switch states are realized by the gate‐regulated barrier height of heterojunction, enabling the transition of transport mechanism between thermionic‐emission and tunneling. Under dual‐gate configuration, the transistor exhibits high performance with drive current of 4.58 µA, on/off ratio of 4 × 107, subthreshold swing (SS) of 97 mV decade−1 and drain‐induced barrier lowering (DIBL) of 12 mV V−1, that can meet the requirement of logical applications in integrated circuits (IC). Taking advantage of the high‐speed tunneling current and unique short‐channel architecture, the device overcomes the issues of voltage spikes and long reverse recovery time that exist in usual electric components, and thus gains an access to the IC interface. This work provides a proof‐of‐concept transistor architecture relying on dual‐gate modulation, opening up a promising perspective for next generation low‐power, high‐density, and large‐scale IC technologies.
Design Rules for Addressing Material Asymmetry Induced by Templated Epitaxy for Integrated Heteroepitaxial On‐Chip Light Sources
Authors: Shang Chen , Hughes Eamonn T. , Begley Matthew R. , Koscica Rosalyn , Fouchier Marc , Feng Kaiyin , He William , Wan Yating , Leake Gerald , Ludewig Peter , Bowers John E.
Published: July 2023

Integrating quantum dot (QD) gain elements onto Si photonic platforms via direct epitaxial growth is the ultimate solution for realizing on‐chip light sources. Tremendous improvements in device performance and reliability have been demonstrated in devices grown on planar Si substrates in the last few years. Recently, electrically pumped QD lasers deposited in narrow oxide pockets in a butt‐coupled configuration and on‐chip coupling have been realized on patterned Si photonic wafers. However, the device yield and reliability, which ultimately determines the scalability of such technology, are limited by material uniformity. Here, detailed analysis is performed, both experimentally and theoretically, on the material asymmetry induced by the pocket geometry and provides unambiguous evidence suggesting that all pockets should be aligned to the [1 ] direction of the III‐V crystal for high yield, high performance, and scalable on‐chip light sources at 300 mm scale.
A Supertough, Nonflammable, Biomimetic Gel with Neuron‐Like Nanoskeleton for Puncture‐Tolerant Safe Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yang Sifan , He Xuewei , Hu Ting , He Yan , Lv Shanshan , Ji Zhongfeng , Zhu Zhiwei , Fu Xuewei , Yang Wei , Wang Yu
Published: July 2023

To overcome the critical safety and performance issues of lithium metal batteries, it is urgent to develop advanced electrolytes with multi‐defensive properties against fire, mechanical puncture, and dendrite growth simultaneously, in addition to high ion‐conductivity. However, realizing these essential properties by one electrolyte has proved to be extremely challenging due to the inherent conflicts among them. Herein, to circumvent this challenge, a neuron‐like gel polymer electrolyte (simply referred as Neu‐PE) to simultaneously achieve supertoughness, nonflammability, dendrite‐suppression capability and self‐driven property is reported. This Neu‐PE takes advantage of nano‐phase separation regulated by highly ion‐conductive deep‐eutectic solvent. As a result, the Neu‐PE holds high ambient ionic conductivity (1.27±0.09 mS cm−1), super‐toughness and strength (22.52 MJ m−3 and 13.5±0.6 MPa), fire resistance and importantly, lithium‐metal anode protection capability. Lithium metal batteries assembled with this multi‐defensive Neu‐PE can work normally even under metal‐probe puncture or serious damage by cutting.
Surface Miscible Structure Modulation of Li‐Rich Cathodes by Dual Gas Surface Treatment for Super High‐Temperature Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Yang Yaru , Zhu Qingjun , Yang Jiayi , Liu Han , Ren Yang , Sui Xulei , Wang Panpan , Sun Gang , Wang Zhenbo
Published: July 2023

Li‐rich manganese base oxides (LRNCM) are regarded as one of the most promising cathode materials among next‐generation high‐energy density Li‐ion batteries due to the coupling effect of anion and cation redox. However, serious oxygen release, surface structure corrosion, and transformation seriously damage their electrochemical performance and restrict their commercialization process. Herein, a dual gaseous surface treatment strategy with ammonium bicarbonate is designed to reconstruct the surface chemical and structural characteristics of LRNCM. As a result, an enriched oxygen vacancies mixed‐phase surface layer is achieved, which contains spinel phase and cation‐disordered phase. The integration of the surface mixed phase effectively inhibits irreversible oxygen loss, prevents electrode corrosion, and promotes fast Li‐ion diffusion. Accordingly, the modified cathode exhibits excellent specific capacity, high‐rate capability, and superior cycle life at both 25 and 60 °C. Particularly at high temperatures, it achieves impressive performance: initial coulombic efficiency (82.0 vs 74.4%), cycling stability at 1 C after 100 cycles (92.6 vs 83.8%), and rate performance at 5 C (56.0 vs 48.7%). This reconfiguration approach introduces a novel idea for the design of cathode material interfaces.
Clinical Translation of Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Ghodasara Aayushi , Raza Aun , Wolfram Joy , Salomon Carlos , Popat Amirali
Published: July 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) occur in a variety of bodily fluids and have gained recent attraction as natural materials due to their bioactive surfaces, internal cargo, and role in intercellular communication. EVs contain various biomolecules, including surface and cytoplasmic proteins; and nucleic acids that are often representative of the originating cells. EVs can transfer content to other cells, a process that is thought to be important for several biological processes, including immune responses, oncogenesis, and angiogenesis. An increased understanding of the underlying mechanisms of EV biogenesis, composition, and function has led to an exponential increase in preclinical and clinical assessment of EVs for biomedical applications, such as diagnostics and drug delivery. Bacterium‐derived EV vaccines have been in clinical use for decades and a few EV‐based diagnostic assays regulated under Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments have been approved for use in single laboratories. Though, EV‐based products are yet to receive widespread clinical approval from national regulatory agencies such as the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and European Medicine Agency (EMA), many are in late‐stage clinical trials. This perspective sheds light on the unique characteristics of EVs, highlighting current clinical trends, emerging applications, challenges and future perspectives of EVs in clinical use.
Plasma‐Derived Nanoclusters for Site‐Specific Multimodality Photo/Magnetic Thrombus Theranostics
Authors: Liu Chia‐Hung , Liu Ming‐Che , Jheng Pei‐Ru , Yu Jiashing , Fan Yu‐Jui , Liang Jia‐Wei , Hsiao Yu‐Cheng , Chiang Chih‐Wei , Bolouki Nima , Lee Jyh‐Wei , Hsieh Jang‐Hsing , Mansel Bradley W , Chen Yan‐Ting , Nguyen Hieu Trung , Chuang Er‐Yuan
Published: July 2023

Traditional thrombolytic therapeutics for vascular blockage are affected by their limited penetration into thrombi, associated off‐target side effects, and low bioavailability, leading to insufficient thrombolytic efficacy. It is hypothesized that these limitations can be overcome by the precisely controlled and targeted delivery of thrombolytic therapeutics. A theranostic platform is developed that is biocompatible, fluorescent, magnetic, and well‐characterized, with multiple targeting modes. This multimodal theranostic system can be remotely visualized and magnetically guided toward thrombi, noninvasively irradiated by near‐infrared (NIR) phototherapies, and remotely activated by actuated magnets for additional mechanical therapy. Magnetic guidance can also improve the penetration of nanomedicines into thrombi. In a mouse model of thrombosis, the thrombosis residues are reduced by ≈80% and with no risk of side effects or of secondary embolization. This strategy not only enables the progression of thrombolysis but also accelerates the lysis rate, thereby facilitating its prospective use in time‐critical thrombolytic treatment.
Linker Engineering of Sandwich‐Structured Metal–Organic Framework Composites for Optimized Photocatalytic H2 Production
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Ai Zhiwen , Niu Xinwei , Yang Weijie , Kang Rong , Lin Zhongyuan , Waseem Amir , Jiao Long , Jiang Hai‐Long
Published: July 2023

While the microenvironment around catalytic sites is recognized to be crucial in thermocatalysis, its roles in photocatalysis remain subtle. In this work, a series of sandwich‐structured metal–organic framework (MOF) composites, UiO‐66‐NH2@Pt@UiO‐66‐X (X means functional groups), is rationally constructed for visible‐light photocatalytic H2 production. By varying the ─X groups of the UiO‐66‐X shell, the microenvironment of the Pt sites and photosensitive UiO‐66‐NH2 core can be simultaneously modulated. Significantly, the MOF composites with identical light absorption and Pt loading present distinctly different photocatalytic H2 production rates, following the ─X group sequence of ─H > ─Br > ─NA (naphthalene) > ─OCH3 > ─Cl > ─NO2. UiO‐66‐NH2@Pt@UiO‐66‐H demonstrates H2 production rate up to 2708.2 µmol g−1 h−1, ≈222 times that of UiO‐66‐NH2@Pt@UiO‐66‐NO2. Mechanism investigations suggest that the variation of the ─X group can balance the charge separation of the UiO‐66‐NH2 core and the proton reduction ability of Pt, leading to an optimal activity of UiO‐66‐NH2@Pt@UiO‐66‐H at the equilibrium point.
Out‐of‐Plane Bi2O2Se Nanoflakes for Sensitive Gate‐Tunable Phototransistors
Authors: Fan Sidi , Yang Weiyu , Yang Heng , Wu Yuting , Deng Jiajun , Zhang Jing , Liu Xiaolong
Published: July 2023

Phototransistors based on 2D materials exhibit gate‐voltage‐tunable performance, by which the key device parameters such as the photoresponsivity and photoconductive gain could easily surpass the photodetectors without the photomultiplication effects. Phototransistors with the light‐absorption material of 2D Bi2O2Se are rising due to its desirable material properties, such as small effective electron mass, high carrier mobility, and ultrafast intrinsic non‐equilibrium carrier recombination. The in‐plane growth of Bi2O2Se is prevailing on mica substrate, where the interfacial electrostatic interaction exists in between. Crystal quality degradation caused by the organic contaminants and corrosive acids, nevertheless, is unavoidable during transfer procedures to other substrates. In this work, different out‐of‐plane growth modes of Bi2O2Se are achieved, more specifically, whisker‐like, square‐ and rectangular‐shaped flakes are obtained with optimized growth parameters. The pristine interfaces are preserved in the phototransistors with the clean transfer of Bi2O2Se nanoflakes and the electrodes. A photoresponsivity of over 105 A W−1 and a record‐high response speed of 0.32 ms are achieved for the phototransistors fabricated based on the out‐of‐plane Bi2O2Se nanoflakes. Furthermore, trap state occupation with photoinduced carriers is modulated with gate voltages and explored under cryogenic conditions for improving the device performance.
Beam‐Steering Metadevices for Intelligent Optical Wireless‐Broadcasting Communications
Authors: Tao Jin , You Quan , Li Zile , Deng Liangui , Wu Mian , Luo Ming , Wu Lin , Fu Rao , Liu Zichen , Yang Chao , Li Chao , He Zhixue , Xiao Xi , Zheng Guoxing , Yu Shaohua
Published: July 2023

High‐performance beam‐steering devices play a crucial role for optical wireless communication (OWC), which can meet the demand for increasing number of wireless mobile devices and emerging high‐speed multimedia applications. Conventional beam‐steering optical components like spatial light modulator and digital micromirror device are limited to realize a small steering angle (typ. several degrees), thus dramatically limits the spatial scope of OWC. Herein, a beam‐steering metadevice utilizing an ultracompact metasurface assisted with a spatial light modulator is presented, which can significantly increase the beam‐steering angle without at the cost of complicated optical setup like conventionally used angle magnifier. Based on the actively tunable beam‐steering metadevice, an intelligent bidirectional optical broadcasting communication system is designed and experimentally demonstrated, which exhibits nine broadcasting areas covering a large field‐of‐view of 20° × 20°, with user‐defined dynamic beam‐steering ability in each area, and each user has a data rate of 10 Gbps for both upstream and downstream transmission. The proposed metadevices can meet the demand of intelligent optical wireless communication which requires both high‐performance and low‐cost for practical purpose, under currently available technical architectures.
Palladium‐Catalysed Amide‐Directed Ligand Free C8‐Olefination of 1‐Naphthamides for the synthesis of 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzo[de]isoquinolin‐1‐ones
Authors: Maji Suman , Pradhan Sukumar , Pidiyara Karishma , Maiti Siddhartha , Al‐Thabaiti Shaeel A. , Maiti Debabrata
Published: July 2023

This work describes the palladium(II)‐catalyzed regioselective C8‐H olefination of 1‐naphthamides. Interestingly, naphthamide fused lactam 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzo[de]isoquinolin‐1‐one derivatives were also synthesized in the case of a particular class of napthamides. This protocol was found well compatible with a diverse range of acrylates and styrenes leading to product formation in good yields along with a wide functional group tolerance. The developed strategy was further applied to the synthesis of different drug derivatives.
Strategy to Construct Polycyclic Scaffolds via Formal Aza‐Diels‐Alder Reaction of Dihydro‐β‐Carboline with Heterodiene Precursor
Authors: Zhang Xiaoke , Wei Jinding , Zhu Minghong , Yang Dezhi , Pan Yang , Shao Huawu , Wang Chaoyong
Published: July 2023

The formal aza‐Diels‐Alder reaction of dihydro‐β‐carboline with heterodiene mediated by caesium carbonate has been described. This pathway provided a mild approach to functionalized polycyclic frameworks in 41%–91% yields.
High Performance Amorphous In0.5Ga0.5O Thin‐Film Transistor Embedded with Nanocrystalline In2O3 Dots for Flexible Display Application
Authors: Rabbi Md. Hasnat , Ali Arqum , Park Chanju , Jang Jin
Published: July 2023

High‐performance, coplanar amorphous In0.5Ga0.5O (a‐IGO) thin film transistor (TFT) on a polyimide (PI) substrate deposited by spray pyrolysis (SP) is reported. The SP a‐IGO film deposited at 370 °C has less than 8% nanocrystalline‐In2O3 dots and a mass density of 6.6 g cm−3. The a‐IGO TFT on PI exhibits linear mobility over 30 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a negligible shift in threshold voltage (ΔVTH = <0.3 V) under positive bias (+20 V) at 60 °C for 1 h. The TFT performance is stable even when bent to a radius of ≈1 mm. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results of the SP a‐IGO deposited at 370 °C indicate the O‐vacancy (Vo) related defects of 25.79% and hydroxyl (OH) at less than 3%, indicating a good active/gate insulator interface. A seven‐stage ring oscillator made of SP a‐IGO TFTs exhibits a high oscillation frequency (>2.3 MHz) with a low propagation delay time of ≈30 ns per stage at a supply voltage (VDD) of 15 V. The fabricated gate shift register circuit works up to the last stage without any decrement of the input voltage (15 V) with rising and falling times less than 0.8 µs. Therefore, the coplanar a‐IGO TFT by SP deposited at 370 °C is a promising candidate for low‐cost, flexible TFT backplanes of foldable electronics.
Transparent and Stretchable Piezoresistive Strain Sensors with Buckled Indium Tin Oxide Film
Authors: Kong Miao , Xiang Zhao , Xu Xinyu , Ma Shuguang , Chen Cai , Wang Xiaolong , Li Kan , Wei Deyuan
Published: July 2023

Owing to excellent performance and a simple mechanism, stretchable piezoresistive strain sensors have been applied to human skin for monitoring physical activities, physiological activities, etc. However, it is still a challenge to simultaneously realize highly sensitive and stretchable piezoresistive strain sensors with high optical transparency. This study reports a transparent and stretchable piezoresistive strain sensor with 2D surface buckling by fabricating ultrathin indium tin oxide (ITO) film on the biaxially pre‐stretched polyacrylate (VHB) elastomer followed by pre‐stretch releasing. To the authors' knowledge, semiconductors are applied for a stretchable piezoresistive strain sensor for the first time. Furthermore, this strain sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 569, a high transparency of 88% and a high biaxial stretchability of 110% at the same time. This device demonstrates the good long‐term stability over 500 stretching–relaxing cycles. The high sensitivity can be mainly attributed to the piezoresistive effect of the semiconductor where carrier mobility and the resulting resistivity can be significantly changed by the strain. The strain sensors attached to human skin are used to monitor many human motions such as chewing, swallowing, breathing, and walking. ITO‐based strain sensors pave the way toward the development of highly stretchable and sensitive wearable electronics.
Enhancing the Whole Migration Kinetics of Na+ in the Anode Side for Advanced Ultralow Temperature Sodium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitor
Authors: Ruan Jiafeng , Luo Sainan , Wang Shaofei , Hu Jiaming , Fang Fang , Wang Fei , Chen Min , Zheng Shiyou , Sun Dalin , Song Yun
Published: July 2023

Boosting the ultralow temperature (below −30 °C) performance of Na‐ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs), which integrate the high energy density of batteries with the high output power and long life of supercapacitors, is critical for the application of advanced electronics in extreme environments. However, their low‐temperature performance, especially fast charging capability, is hindered by difficult desolvation and slow pass solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) together with sluggish diffusion within the electrode. Herein, a “single‐solute–single‐solvent” electrolyte is developed and a through‐hole hollow carbon sphere (TH‐HCS) is constructed, and it is demonstrated through theoretical calculations and experimental investigations that the weakly solvated structure and high ionic conductivity facilitate the Na+ transportation at low temperatures, the highly fluorinated SEI facilitates the Na+ migration, and the through‐hole hollow structure alleviates the volume expansion during sodiation, thus ensuring fast kinetics and structural stability. As expected, TH‐HCS using this electrolyte exhibits a high specific capacity of 87.5 mAh g−1 after 11 000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1 and −40 °C. Coupled with activated carbon, the assembled SIHC displays an energy density of 106.1 and 52.0 Wh kg−1 at 25 and −40 °C, respectively, far exceeding the performance of commercial energy storage systems at low temperature.
Variability of morphological descriptors in Sicilian oat (Avena sativa L.) populations
Authors: Carrubba Alessandra , Di Salvo Francesca , Marceddu Roberto , Sarno Mauro
Published: July 2023

Due to its rusticity and feasibility of use, oat (Avena sativa L.) represents a crucial agronomic and economic resource for many semiarid environments. Presently, the recourse to new commercial varieties has caused a dramatic lowering of areas covered with the traditional local genotypes, and a severe risk of genetic erosion is emerging. To deepen the knowledge about the autochthonous oat populations, an activity of collection and cataloging across semiarid cropping areas was carried out. Sixteen oat populations were collected from different areas of Sicily and put in a field study for two consecutive years (2014 and 2015) in the experimental farm “Sparacia” (Cammarata, Italy). In both years and all populations, 21 morphological characters, related to different aspects of the whole plant or plant parts, were measured as described in the guidelines Community Plant Variety Office—Office Communautaire des Varietes Vegetales (CPVO‐OCVV) (rif. CPVO‐TP/020/2). Multivariate analysis (MA) was applied to assess the similarity/dissimilarity level among populations, also evaluating the relative discriminatory importance of each selected plant character. Although a strong variability between years did not allow perfect discrimination among genotypes, an association between oat groups emerged based on their prevalent utilization form. Among categorical characters, measurements on glumes and grain provided the best characterization of the populations in both years.
In‐Home Monitoring Using Wireless on the Walls for Future HealthCare: Real‐World Demonstration
Authors: Kazim Jalil ur Rehman , Tahir Ahsen , Rains James , Cui Tie Jun , Jabbar Abdul , Jamshed Muhammad Ali , Ur-Rehman Masood , Alomainy Akram , Imran Muhammad Ali , Abbasi Qammer H.
Published: July 2023

Since the last decade radio frequency (RF) sensing has emerged as an alternative in‐home monitoring and tracking technology because of its inherent device‐free and privacy‐preserved features over camera and wearable technologies. In this work, contrary to conventional radar‐based sensing and WiFi‐based setups which require line‐of‐sight (LoS) to process and collect the RF signals for monitoring, it is shown for the first time in literature the potential of using RF sensing for vitals, that is, heartbeat detection in the non‐line‐of‐sight (NLoS) using an in‐house‐developed reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), that is, wireless on the walls. The developed RIS is the world's first prototype which consists of “4096 elements”. The unit cell elements are individually controlled via PIN diodes, 1‐bit, operating at 3.75 GHz specified for the fifth‐generation (5G) network. Near‐field beam steering is demonstrated, with a switching speed of 15 ms. For the first time in the literature its is demonstrated that RIS can assist in the detection of microactivities including the human heartbeat in NLoS indoor complex environment, a limitation with the existing RF sensing technologies to date. In addition, it is experimentally verified that the RIS can potentially reduce the e‐field magnitude at the user's by regulating the gain at the user terminal.
Molecular Tailoring to Achieve Long‐Term Plasticity in Organic Synaptic Transistors for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Kim Naryung , Go Gyeong-Tak , Park Hea-Lim , Ahn Yooseong , Kim Jingwan , Lee Yeongjun , Seo Dae-Gyo , Lee Wanhee , Kim Yun-Hi , Yang Hoichang , Lee Tae-Woo
Published: July 2023

Organic synaptic transistors (OSTs) using intrinsic polymer semiconductors are demonstrated to be suitable for neuromorphic bioelectronics. However, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐based copolymers are not applicable to neuromorphic computing systems because the DPP polymer film has demonstrated only short‐term plasticity with short retention (<50 ms) in synaptic devices because of their intrinsic difficulty of electrochemical doping. To expand their applications toward neuromorphic computing that requires long‐term plasticity, artificial synapses with extended retention time should be developed. Herein, molecular tailoring approach to extend the retention time in the ion‐gel‐gated OSTs that use DPP is suggested. The molecular structure is controlled by changing alkyl spacer lengths of side chains. As a result, the doping process is more favorable in DPP with long alkyl spacer, which is confirmed by high doping concentration and slow dedoping rate. Therefore, dedoping of ions is more suppressed in DPP with long alkyl side chain that exhibits extended retention time (≈800 s) of the OSTs. These optimized DPP‐based OSTs obtain high pattern recognition accuracy of ≈96.0% in simulations of an artificial neural network. Molecular tailoring strategies provide a guideline to overcome the intrinsic problem of short synaptic retention time of the OSTs for use in neuromorphic computing.
T‐ESVO: Improved Event‐Based Stereo Visual Odometry via Adaptive Time‐Surface and Truncated Signed Distance Function
Authors: Liu Zhe , Shi Dianxi , Li Ruihao , Zhang Yi , Yang Shaowu
Published: July 2023

The emerging event cameras have the potential to be an excellent complement for standard cameras within various visual tasks, especially in illumination‐changing environments or situations requiring high‐temporal resolution. Herein, an event‐based stereo visual odometry (VO) system via adaptive time‐surface (TS) and truncated signed distance function (TSDF), namely, T‐ESVO, is proposed . The system consists of three carefully designed components, including the event processing unit, the mapping unit, and the tracking unit. Specifically, the event processing unit adopts a novel spatial–temporal adaptive TS that can deal with different camera motions in various environments. The mapping unit introduces the TSDF to describe the 3D representation of environments and achieves depth estimation based on the global historical depth information contained in the environmental TSDF description. The tracking unit achieves the 6‐DoF pose estimation through an 3D–2D registration method based on the left/right TS selection mechanism and the depth point selection mechanism. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed system are evaluated on various datasets, and the experimental results show that T‐ESVO achieves good performance in both accuracy and robustness when compared with other state‐of‐the‐art event‐based stereo VO systems.
Actuation of Mobile Microbots: A Review
Authors: Hussein Hussein , Damdam Asrar , Ren Liangjie , Obeid Charrouf Youssef , Challita Jack , Zwain Mahdi , Fariborzi Hossein
Published: July 2023

Maturation of robotics research and advances in the miniaturization of machines have contributed to the development of microbots and enabled new technological possibilities and applications. Microbots have a wide range of applications, including the navigation of confined spaces, environmental monitoring, micro‐assembly and manipulation of small objects, and in vivo micro‐surgeries and drug delivery. Actuators are among the most critical components that define the performance of robots. A comprehensive review of the actuation mechanisms that have been employed in mobile microbots is provided, including piezoelectric, magnetic, electrostatic, thermal, acoustic, biological, chemical, and optical actuation, with a focus on the most recent development and methodologies.
Efficacy and safety of the C5 inhibitor crovalimab in complement inhibitor‐naive patients with PNH (COMMODORE 3): A multicenter, Phase 3, single‐arm study
Authors: Liu Hui , Xia Linghui , Weng Jianyu , Zhang Fengkui , He Chuan , Gao Sujun , Jia Jinsong , Chang Alice C. , Lundberg Pontus , Shi Jane , Sima Camelia S. , Sostelly Alexandre , Sreckovic Sasha , Xiao Zhenyu , Zhang Zilu , Fu Rong
Published: July 2023

The Phase 3 single‐arm COMMODORE 3 study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04654468) evaluated efficacy and safety of crovalimab (novel C5 inhibitor) in complement inhibitor‐naive patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). COMMODORE 3 enrolled patients from five China centers. Eligible complement inhibitor‐naive patients with PNH were ≥12 years old, had lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ≥2 × upper limit of normal (ULN), and had ≥4 transfusions of packed red blood cells within the prior 12 months. Patients received crovalimab loading doses (one intravenous, four subcutaneous) and subsequent every‐4‐weeks subcutaneous maintenance doses per weight‐based tiered‐dosing schedule. Co‐primary efficacy endpoints were mean proportion of patients with hemolysis control (LDH ≤1.5 × ULN) from Week (W)5 through W25 and difference in proportion of patients with transfusion avoidance from baseline through W25 versus within 24 weeks of prescreening in patients who had ≥1 crovalimab dose and ≥1 central LDH assessment after first dose. Between March 17 and August 24, 2021, 51 patients (15–58 years old) were enrolled; all received treatment. At primary analysis, both co‐primary efficacy endpoints were met. Estimated mean proportion of patients with hemolysis control was 78.7% (95% CI: 67.8–86.6). Difference between proportion of patients with transfusion avoidance from baseline through W25 (51.0%; n = 26) versus within 24 weeks of prescreening (0%) was statistically significant (p < .0001). No adverse events led to treatment discontinuation. One treatment‐unrelated death (subdural hematoma following a fall) occurred. In conclusion, crovalimab, with every‐4‐weeks subcutaneous dosing is efficacious and well tolerated in complement inhibitor‐naive patients with PNH.
Early initiation of B‐vitamin supplementation may reduce symptoms and explain intrafamilial variability: Insights from two sibling pairs from the TANGO2 natural history study
Authors: Miyake Christina Y. , Ehsan Saad A. , Zhang Lilei , Mackenzie Samuel J. , Azamian Mahshid S. , Scott Daryl A. , Hernandez‐Garcia Andres , Lalani Seema R.
Published: July 2023

TANGO2‐deficiency disorder (TDD) is an autosomal recessive condition arising from pathogenic biallelic variants in the TANGO2 gene. TDD is characterized by symptoms typically beginning in late infancy including delayed developmental milestones, cognitive impairment, dysarthria, expressive language deficits, and gait abnormalities. There is wide phenotypic variability where some are severely affected while others have mild symptoms. This variability has been documented even among sibling pairs who share the same genotype, but reasons for this variability have not been well understood. Emerging data suggest a potential link between B‐complex or multivitamin supplementation and decreased metabolic crises in TDD. In this report, we describe two sibling pairs from unreladiagnosed with TDD with marked differences in symptoms. In both families, the older siblings suffered multiple metabolic crises and are clinically more affected than their younger siblings who have very mild to no symptoms; they are the least impaired among 70 other patients in our ongoing international natural history study. Unlike their older siblings, the two younger siblings started taking B‐complex vitamins early between 9 and 16 months. This report delineates the mildest presentation of TDD in two families. These data may support a role for early diagnosis and initiation of vitamin supplementation to not only prevent metabolic crises but also improve neurologic outcomes in this life‐threatening disorder.
Isolated frontosphenoidal craniosynostosis: An argument for genetic testing
Authors: Hodapp Matthew , Hing Anne V. , Gallagher Emily , Blessing Matthew , Cunningham Michael L.
Published: July 2023

Isolated frontosphenoidal craniosynostosis (IFSC) is a rare congenital defect defined as premature fusion of the frontosphenoidal suture in the absence of other suture fusion. Until now, IFSC was regarded as a phenomenon with an unclear genetic etiology. We have identified three cases with IFSC with underlying syndromic diagnoses that were attributable to pathogenic mutations involving FGFR3 and MN1, as well as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. These findings suggest a genetic predisposition to IFSC may exist, thereby justifying the recommendation for genetic evaluation and testing in this population. Furthermore, due to improved imaging resolution, cases of IFSC are now readily identified. With the identification of IFSC with underlying genetic diagnoses, in combination with significant improvements in imaging resolution, we recommend genetic evaluation in children with IFSC.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Sulfonamidation of Arylazo Sulfonesthrough One‐Pot Multicomponent Reaction
Authors: Luu Truong Giang , Kim Hee‐Kwon
Published: July 2023

Sulfonamide is one of the most important structures in organic chemistry due to its frequent appearance in natural products as well as pharmaceuticals. This study reports a visible‐light‐promoted strategy for synthesis of sulfonamides from arylazo sulfones. One‐pot tri‐component reactions were conducted using arylazo sulfones, DABSO, and amines in the presence of CuBr2 as a coupling catalyst under irradiation with blue LEDs to prepare various sulfonamides in good yields under mild conditions. This method could be used effectively to produce a variety of useful sulfonamides.
The efficient phasing and imputation pipeline of low‐coverage whole genome sequencing data using a high‐quality and publicly available reference panel in cattle
Authors: Zhang Zhuangbiao , Wang Ao , Hu Honghong , Wang Lulu , Gong Mian , Yang Qimeng , Liu Anguo , Li Ran , Zhang Huanhuan , Zhang Qianqian , Shah Ali Mujtaba , Wang Xihong , Wang Yachun , Liu Quanzhong , Gao Liutao , Zhang Zhipeng , Wang Congyong , Ma Yun , Cai Yudong , Jiang Yu
Published: July 2023

Low‐coverage whole genome sequencing (lcWGS) has great potential to effectively genotype large‐scale population and to provide solid data for imputation; however, the time for imputation needs to be optimized. There is also no publicly available reference panel for whole genome selection in cattle. Here, we proposed a combination of Beagle v5.4 for phasing and GLIMPSE2 for imputation, which is fast and accurate for cattle lcWGS data. Furthermore, we established a multi‐breed reference panel with 61.8 million SNPs based on 2976 worldwide cattle, of which 1766 were bulls, by evaluating diversity and the size of the reference panel. The evaluation of imputation accuracy was conducted using new reference panel for both lcWGS and Bovine BeadChip data. The average concordance rate in Holstein was 99.6%, 99.6%, and 99.5% for 1X, 0.5X, and 0.1X lcWGS data, 99.5% and 99.0% for 777K and 50K chip data, and it was 98.8% for 1X lcWGS data in Simmental. We further investigated the factors affecting the imputation accuracy of lcWGS data and discovered that segmental duplication, structural variant, and guanine‐cytosine content were the top three factors. Interestingly, we found that 10 regions longer than 0.5 Mb showed low imputation accuracy enriched with immune function, such as 96.1% characterized genes in regions of chromosome 10, with more attention being paid on downstream immune‐related analysis. Our study provides the workflow of imputing lcWGS data and establishes the first high‐quality cattle reference panel with free access, which provides a resource to conduct subsequent large‐scale genome‐wide association studies and genomic selection.
Fluoride Anions: Unexploited but Effective Halogen Bond Acceptors
Authors: Daolio Andrea , Pizzi Andrea , Nayak Susanta K. , Dominikowska Justyna , Terraneo Giancarlo , Metrangolo Pierangelo , Resnati Giuseppe
Published: July 2023

Due to their high electron density, fluoride anions can be considered the most effective halogen bond (HaB) acceptors among the halides. However, under common experimental conditions, F− uncommonly acts as HaB acceptor, expectedly as it is present in hydrated form. Herein we report that under specific crystallization conditions a hydrogen bond‐free F− functioning as donor of electron density can be obtained, with the formed HaBs constituting the driving force of the observed crystal packings. Computations confirm the strength of these HaBs compared to analogous interactions involving other halides.
Protective effect of Agaricus bisporus mushroom against maternal and fetal damage induced by lead administration during pregnancy in rats
Authors: Caetano Erika Leão Ajala , Frattes Camila da Cunha , Segato Talita Cristina Mena , Leite Fernanda Gomes , Pickler Thaisa Borim , de Oliveira Junior Jose Martins , Jozala Angela Faustino , Grotto Denise
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Lead (Pb) is a toxic pollutant, which can affect different tissues of the human body. The use of natural elements, as medicinal mushroom can reduce the toxic effects of Pb.

Objective

We evaluated, through preclinical tests, the oral co exposures to mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Ab) by gavage and Pb in drinking water, and the capability of Ab be a protective agent for both pregnant rats and their fetuses.

Methods

Female Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 5/group): Group I—Control; Group II—Ab 100 mg/kg; Group III—Pb 100 mg/L; Group IV—Ab +Pb −100 mg/kg +100 mg/L. Exposure was performed until the 19th day of gestation. On the 20th day, pregnant rats were euthanized, and the outcomes evaluated were weight gain; hematological profile; biochemical markers; oxidative stress markers; reproductive capacity; and embryo fetal development.

Results

The characterization of mushrooms reveals them to be a valuable source of nutrients. However, Pb ingestion resulted in reduced weight gain and negative impacts on hematological and biochemical parameters. Fortunately, co administration of mushrooms helped to mitigate these negative effects and promote recovery. The mushroom also showed antioxidant activity, improving parameters of oxidative stress. In addition, Ab partially recovered the damage in fetal morphology and bone parameters.

Conclusion

Our findings indicated that the co administration of Ab improved the toxicity caused by Pb, and the mushroom could be used as a natural alternative as a protective/chelator agent.
Comparative study of the interaction mechanism of astilbin, isoastilbin, and neoastilbin with CYP3A4
Authors: Tao Yanzhou , Fan Yangyang , Wang Meizi , Wang Suqing , Cui Jing Jing , Lian Di , Lu Shuning , Li Li
Published: July 2023

The interactions of human CYP3A4 with three selected isomer flavonoids, such as astilbin, isoastilbin and neoastilbin, were clarified using spectral analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. During binding with the three flavonoids, the intrinsic fluorescence of CYP3A4 was statically quenched in static mode with nonradiative energy conversion. The fluorescence and ultraviolet/visible (UV/vis) data revealed that the three flavonoids had a moderate and stronger binding affinity with CYP3A4 due to the order of the Ka1 and Ka2 values ranging from 104 to 105 L·mol−1. In addition, astilbin had the highest affinity with CYP3A4, then isoastilbin and neoastilbin, at the three experimental temperatures. Multispectral analysis confirmed that binding of the three flavonoids resulted in clear changes in the secondary structure of CYP3A4. It was found from fluorescence, UV/vis and molecular docking analyses that these three flavonoids strongly bound to CYP3A4 by means of hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. The key amino acids around the binding site were also elucidated. Furthermore, the stabilities of the three CYP3A4 complexes were evaluated using molecular dynamics simulation.
Fabrication and characterization of chlorhexidine gluconate loaded poly(vinyl alcohol)/45S5 nano‐bioactive glass nanofibrous membrane for guided tissue regeneration applications
Authors: Keçeciler‐Emir Ceren , Başaran‐Elalmiş Yeliz , Şahin Yeşim Müge , Buluş Erdi , Yücel Sevil
Published: July 2023

Polymeric barrier membranes are used in periodontal applications to prevent fibroblastic cell migration into the cavities of bone tissue and to properly guide the proliferation of tissues. In this study, the fabrication, characterization, bioactivity, and in vitro biological properties of polyvinyl alcohol‐based nanofibrous membranes containing nano‐sized 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) loaded with chlorhexidine (CH) gluconate with biocompatible, bioactive, and antibacterial properties for using as dental barrier membranes were investigated. Nanofibrous membranes with an average fiber diameter, pore size, and porosity of 210 nm, 24.73 μm, and 12.42%, respectively, were loaded with 1% and 2% CH, and the release profile was investigated. The presence of BG in the membranes promoted fibroblastic proliferation and the presence of CH provided antibacterial properties. Nanofibrous membranes exhibit a high ability to restrict bacterial growth while fulfilling the necessary conditions for use as a dental barrier thanks to their low swelling rates, significant surface bioactivities, and appropriate degradation levels.