bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZE AND BACTERIAL INOCULANT ON THE TEMPERATURE, DENSITY AND pH OF PEARL MILLET SILAGES
Authors: RÊGO ANÍBAL COUTINHO DO , SIQUEIRA GUSTAVO REZENDE , ALMEIDA GERALDO BENEDITO DE SOUZA , SIGNORETTI RICARDO DIAS , RESENDE FLÁVIO DUTRA DE
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to investigate the temperature at different depths of the stack silo and strata front profile before and after the removal of silage. Also, the pH values in the upper and lower profile and the silage density of the fresh materials (FM) and dry matter (DM) in pearl millet silages with particle sizes of 5 or 20 mm, with or without inoculant, were assessed, using corn silage as controls. There was an interaction (P<0.05) silage × stratum profile and silage × depth profile for the temperatures before the removal of silage, and the pearl millet silages had lower temperatures in the upper stratum compared to corn. The temperature gradient between the silage and environment pearl millet and corn silos were smaller in the lower stratum profile. The temperature gradient after the removal of the silage was less than 50 cm deep at all the pearl millet silos. There were no differences in the densities of the FM and DM of the studied silages. The pH values of the silages before their removal were higher in the upper stratum and lower stratum in the bottom of all the pearl millet silages, in contrast with corn silage. The pearl millet silos had lower pH values in the lower stratum of the silo. Silages with 5 mm particle size provide lower temperatures in the middle portion of the panel before the removal of the silage. The use of bacterial inoculant in this study did not change the characteristics evaluated.
SUNFLOWER MEAL AND EXOGENOUS ENZYMES IN INITIAL DIETS FOR BROILERS
Authors: OLIVEIRA TACIANA MARIA MORAES DE , NUNES RICARDO VIANNA , EYNG CINTHIA , BERWANGER EVELINE , BAYERLE DOUGLAS FERNANDO
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT This research aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of sunflower meal (SFM) and the supplementation of a multienzyme complex in the initial diets of broilers on their performance, intestinal morphometry and carcass characteristics. In all, 1100 1-d-old male chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with 2 x 5 factorial arrangement (with and without a multienzyme supplement and five levels of SFM inclusion - 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16%), and five replications per experimental unit. The experimental diets were provided until the chickens were 21-d-old and thereafter all birds received the same diet up to 42 d, to evaluate the possible residual effects of treatments. The SFM inclusion impaired performance from 1 to 21 d of age and the animals that received SFM during the initial phase, failed to recover from the negative effects on performance parameters. The multienzyme supplement improved the intestinal morphometry and was more effective than non-supplemented diets on performance, independent of the SFM inclusion level. The carcass and cuts yield of the wings and leg were significantly affected by the multienzyme supplementation. In conclusion, the SFM inclusion impaired performance variables and intestinal morphometry without affecting carcass yield; however, the supplementation of an enzyme complex counteracted the negative performance and intestinal morphometry effects.
INHIBITION OF PATHOGENS BY SPOROGENIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM HONEY OF Melipona sp. (APIDAE: APINAE: MELIPONINI)
Authors: SILVA KELY DAMIANA NOVAES DA , BARBOSA RENAN DO NASCIMENTO , OLIVEIRA PEDRO DE ASSIS DE , CAVALCANTE MARCELO CASIMIRO , MELO HÉLIO FERNANDES DE
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to isolate sporogenic bacteria from the honey of stingless bees Melipona sp., in dry forest, and to evaluate their antagonistic potential for medicinal employment purposes and animal production. The honey samples were collected in Serra Talhada-PE, where honey was taken from four different hives (in triplicate), totaling 12 samples. The samples were diluted and subjected to 80 ºC for 20 minutes to eliminate vegetative cells. The dilutions were plated onto nutrient agar and incubated at 30 ºC for 72 hours. Then the colony forming units (CFU) were quantified. The samples were also plated onto malt agar and Sabouraud agar, and incubated at 30 ºC for 14 days for the growth of yeast and molds. Total and fecal coliforms were quantified by the most probable number method (MPN). Seven isolates (I) of sporogenic bacteria (Bacillus) were obtained, however only four showed probiotic potential. Isolate I-5 showed the greatest probiotic potential and inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., and Staphylococcus aureus. The growth of the Sarcina sp. was not inhibited by any isolate. No yeast, molds or coliforms were found. The Melipona sp. honey is a source of spore-forming bacteria and is antagonistic to microorganisms that contaminate honey. It has good microbiological quality.
Leaching of the S-metolachlor herbicide associated with paraquat or glyphosate in a no-tillage system
Authors: Nunes Anderson Luis , Vidal Ribas Antonio
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT The combined use of desiccant and residual herbicides is a common management practice under no-tillage systems. However, the effect of desiccant herbicides and mulch on the leaching of residual herbicide is unknown. This study aimed at assessing the leaching of the S-metolachlor herbicide applied to ryegrass sequentially or in association with paraquat or glyphosate. A randomized blocks design was used, with four repetitions and treatments distributed over split-plots. The desiccant herbicides paraquat (600 g ha-1) or glyphosate (720 g ha-1) were used in the main plot, while S-metolachlor (2,800 g ha-1) was applied sequentially or in association with the desiccant herbicides in the subplots. There was also a control containing only desiccant herbicide, with no application of residual herbicide. The type of desiccant did not affect the leaching of the residual herbicide. In addition, the chosen method to apply the residual herbicide, sequentially or in association with the desiccant, did not impact the S-metolachlor behavior in the soil. The bioavailable concentration in the soil, 25 days after the application, was 90 g a.i. ha-1, at a depth of 18 cm.
Nutrient accumulation at the initial growth of pitaya plants according to phosphorus fertilization
Authors: Moreira Rodrigo Amato , Cruz Maria do Céu Monteiro da , Fernandes Denison Ramalho , Silva Enilson de Barros e , Oliveira Jéssica de
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT The knowledge about the amount of nutrient uptake in pitaya plants helps the balanced fertilizer recommendation for the crop, providing adequate nutrition and contributing to the maximum expression of this species potential. This research was carried out in order to evaluate the growth, nutrient accumulation and efficiency of absorption, transportation and use of P by pitaya according to phosphorus fertilization. A randomized blocks design was used, with five doses of P (0 mg dm-3, 20 mg dm-3, 40 mg dm-3, 80 mg dm-3 and 160 mg dm-3) incorporated into the soil, with four replications, three pots per plot and one cutting per pot. Differences in the nutrient accumulation of all doses were evident in the pitaya shoots and roots, as well as in the efficiency of absorption, transport and use of P, according to phosphorus fertilization. The nutrient accumulation in the pitaya roots was ranked in the following order: N > K > Ca > S > P > Mg > Fe > Mn > Zn > B ≥ Cu. For the shoots, the order was: K > N > Ca > S > Mg > P > Mn > Fe > Zn > B ≥ Cu. The initial growth of pitaya plants was maximum with 81 mg dm-3 of P, in a Red-Yellow Dystrophic Latosol. The application of 44-67 mg dm3 of P to the soil promoted the highest accumulation of macro and micronutrients in the pitaya.
Five decades of black common bean genetic breeding in Brazil
Authors: Barili Leiri Daiane , Vale Naine Martins do , Carneiro José Eustáquio de Souza , Silva Fabyano Fonseca e , Silva Felipe Lopes da
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT The increase in grain yield and other agronomic traits, in common bean cultivars, is due, in large part, to its genetic breeding. This study aimed at estimating the genetic progress for grain yield and other important agronomic traits in black common bean cultivars recommended by Brazilian breeding programs between 1960 and 2013. A randomized blocks design was used, with three replications and 40 black common bean cultivars. The following traits were evaluated: grain yield and appearance, plant architecture, number of pods per plant and seeds per pod and 1,000-seed weight. The genetic progress was estimated from the trait averages over the years, using bissegmented linear regression models that allowed the inference of the exact year in which the black common bean breeding began to present significant genetic progress. For grain yield, the genetic progress was observed from 1988, with an annual gain of 2.42 %. Improvements also occurred to grain appearance (1.85 %), plant architecture (1.35 %), number of pods per plant (2.36 %) and seeds per pod (2.24 %) and 1,000-seed weight (1.42 %), mainly after 1989.
Straw and early nitrogen fertilization affect soil properties and upland rice yield
Authors: Nascente Adriano Stephan , Lanna Anna Cristina
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT The presence of cover crop straw and early application of total N at sowing may provide significant changes in the microbial population, reflecting on the N dynamics in the soil and in upland rice plants. This study aimed at determining the effect of the early application of nitrogen doses as mineral N and microbial biomass carbon in the soil, as well as in the activity of nitrate reductase, and grain yield of upland rice plants cultivated under no-tillage system (NTS). A randomized blocks design, in a split-plot scheme, with four replications, was used. The treatments consisted of N doses (0 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1, 80 kg ha-1 and 120 kg ha-1) and the presence or absence of U. brizantha cover straw. Maintaining the straw on the soil surface reduces the ammonium levels and increases the microbial biomass carbon content of the soil. The application of increasing doses of N in the soil provides increases in the levels of nitrate and ammonium in the soil up to 28 days after emergence. The activity of the nitrate reductase enzyme in the plants increases and the contents of ammonium and nitrate in the soil decrease with the crop development. The number of panicles and grain yield of upland rice increase with the increase of the nitrogen fertilization, but decrease in the presence of U. brizantha straw. Thus, it is recommend the use of early N fertilization in upland rice crop.
Hexaconazole foliar application alleviates water deficit effects in common bean
Authors: Chehelpar Nasim , Tohidi-Moghadam Hamid Reza , Ghoushchi Farshad
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Currently, the world is facing many problems of crop production. Among them, water deficit is the most dangerous one. This study aimed at evaluating the possibility of enhancing the water deficit tolerance of common bean plants, during two growth stages, by the exogenous application of hexaconazole. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial arrangement, with three replicates. Hexaconazole (0 mg L-1, 10 mg L-1 and 20 mg L-1) was sprayed at flowering (R3), at 60 days after sowing, and at the grain-filling stage (R8), at 90 days after sowing. After the application, the plants were subjected to water deficit by withholding irrigation for seven days. Although all hexaconazole concentrations improved the water deficit tolerance in bean plants, in terms of plant growth and yield, the application of 20 mg L-1 provided a better protection, when compared to the other concentrations (p < 0.01). The exogenous application of hexaconazole improved the water deficit tolerance, if compared to non-treated plants, affecting the morphological characteristics, yield components, total chlorophyll, proline, relative water content and enzymatic antioxidants (p < 0.01). The results showed that the hexaconazole-induced tolerance to water deficit in common bean is related to changes in the growth variables and antioxidants. In conclusion, the hexaconazole application could improve the bean growth and yield under water deficit conditions.
Governing Uncertainties in Sustainable Energy Transitions—Insights from Local Heat Supply in Switzerland
Authors: Bornemann Basil , Schmidt Stephan , Schubert Susanne
Published: November 2016

The governance of sustainable energy transitions (SET) is facing multiple technological, economic, societal and political uncertainties. In practice, these energy-related uncertainties play a role not only at the level of “major politics,” but also in the policymaking of local decision makers and planners. This paper seeks to attain a more differentiated understanding of how uncertainties concerning the energy transition play out and are dealt with in policymaking and planning “on the ground.” To do so, the paper combines conceptual reflections with an explorative empirical study on local heat supply policy in Switzerland. In conceptual regards, it proposes some distinctions of types of uncertainties related to energy transitions, and a typology of strategic decision options for dealing with uncertainty. On this basis, the paper reveals similarities and differences regarding the perception of uncertainties and ways of dealing with them in a number of Swiss cities. These insights evoke further questions about the causes and effects of different sensitivities to uncertainty and ways of dealing with them.
MicroRNA-mediated regulation of flower development in grasses
Authors: Smoczynska Aleksandra , Szweykowska-Kulinska Zofia
Published: November 2016

Flower structure in grasses is very unique. There are no petals or sepals like in eudicots but instead flowers develop bract-like structures –palea and lemma. Reproductive organs are enclosed by round lodicule that not only protects reproductive organs but also play important role during flower opening. First genetic model for floral organ development was proposed 25 years ago and it was based on the research on model eudicots. Since then studies have been made to answer the question whether this model could be applicable in case of monocots. Genes from all found in eudicots classes have been also indentified in genomes of such monocots like rice, maize or barley. What’s more it seems that miRNA-mediated regulation of floral organ genes that was observed in case of Arabidopsis thaliana also has a place in monocots. MiRNA172, miRNA159, miRNA171 and miRNA396 regulate expression of floral organ identity genes in barley, rice and maize affecting various features of flower structure from formation of lemma and palea to development of reproductive organs. Model of floral development in grasses and its genetic regulation in not yet fully characterized. Further studies on both model eudicots and grasses are needed to unravel this topic. This review provides general overview of genetic model of flower organ identity specification in monocots and it’s miRNA-mediated regulation.
DEGRADASI BAHAN ORGANIK LIMBAH CAIR NANAS OLEH BAKTERI INDIGEN
Authors: Sutanto Agus
Published: November 2016

Pineapple Liquid Waste has high organic material  and still unfulfilled required quality standard. Processing occurred at the waste processing installation with pond system (Lagoon) required a wide space and keep long time so that less efficient. Based on this problem, it needs an environmentally sound waste management by utilizing bioprocess technology using indigenous bacteria’s ability in degrading organic pollutant called Bioremediation. The objective of this research was to get isolated indigenous bacteria, enables to decrease organic material. It was divided into four stages. First, performed characteristic observation of isolated bacteria that potentially decrease organic material, secondly decomposition capability test in vitro, and thirdly scale bioremediation test pilot plan, fourthly bioremediation test in ex situ at the microbiology laboratory of Malang State University. Data were analyzed by Varian analysis to test the presence or absence of differences and regression test to analyze the link between variables. First phase result: 15 isolated indigenous bacteria.. Potential consortia bacteria consisting of more effective 4 species, indicated by 4 consortia bacteria decreased BOD in 6 days. Starter bacteria with a consortia K1’s combination (ABCD), Volume: 5% (v/v) and 6 days were the most effective incubation time in decreasing BOD. Second phase result: 1) A significant link among the number of bacteria, a. Bacillus cereus, b. Acinetobacter baumanni, c.Bacillus subtilis, d. Pseudomonas pseudomallei and not abcd against organic material with contribution of 72,7% and negatively correlated, 2) Media treatment and incubation time gave distinctive outcome against organic material,  3) there was a link between organic material organic acid concentration decrease would decrease BOD  at scale bioremediation test Pilot plan, and ex situ scale. Threshold BOD achievement limit value on 10th day (75) quality standard: 75. In accordance with ministry decree LH No. 05 year 2007 industrial wastewater quality standard, suggested to industry to use this study in processing its waste.

Keywords: organic material, isolated indigenous bacteria, pineapple liquid waste.
STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MIKROBA TANAH DAN IMPLIKASINYA DALAM MEWUJUDKAN SISTEM PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
Authors: Prihastuti Prihastuti
Published: November 2016

Soils are made up of organic and an organic material. The organic soil component contains all the living creatures in the soil and the dead ones in various stages of decomposition.  Biological activity in soil helps to recycle nutrients, decompose organic matter making nutrient available for plant uptake, stabilize humus, and form soil particles.
The extent of the diversity of microbial in soil is seen to be critical to the maintenance of soil health and quality, as a wide range of microbial is involved in important soil functions.  That ecologically managed soils have a greater quantity and diversity of soil microbial. The two main drivers of soil microbial community structure, i.e., plant type and soil type, are thought to exert their function in a complex manner. The fact that in some situations the soil and in others the plant type is the key factor determining soil microbial diversity is related to their complexity of the microbial interactions in soil, including interactions between microbial and soil and microbial and plants.
The basic premise of organic soil stewardship is that all plant nutrients are present in the soil by maintaining a biologically active soil environment. The diversity of microbial communities has on ecological function and resilience to disturbances in soil ecosystems. Relationships are often observed between the extent of microbial diversity in soil, soil and plant quality and ecosystem sustainability. Agricultural management can be directed toward maximizing the quality of the soil microbial community in terms of disease suppression, if it is possible to shift soil microbial communities.

Keywords: structure, microbial, implication, sustainable agriculture
ANALISIS EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHATANI PADI SAWAH APLIKASI PERTANIAN ORGANIK ( Studi Kasus Di Desa Sumber Ngepoh, Kecamatan Lawang ) Kabupaten Malang MT 2009 – 2010
Authors: Tien Tien
Published: November 2016

The application of organic farming on rice farming in Indonesia is still new to  know. The farming interested if efficiency economics. The meaning efficiency economics if the technical   efficiency. This research aimed to evaluate the performance of organic rice farming systems, focusing on: (1) identifying the range of application of organic farming on rice farming, (2) analyzing the productivity and income from applying organic  farming, and (3)  analyzing  the technical   efficiency of  applying  organic  farming  and identifying factors that influence it.
The study was conducted in Malang Regency with take sample Sumber Ngepoh village, Lawang, Malang. This village is purposively taken because this is only a village in East Java which has obtained a certificate as a producer of organic rice from Organic Certification Agency. Furthermore, farmers did not interested application of organic farming. The sample of farmers 120  respondents selected by using non-proportionate stratified random sampling among those applying organic rice farming. The data are anal
The results at the study stage show that there was diversity between implementing organic and agricultural organic farming system. This diversity reached only 8,33 percent application of organic rice farming of the total land area, while the rest was still in the transitional stage of applying organic system. The application of organic rice farming must independently be able to increase production and income of the farmer.
Judging from the level of technical efficiency, the application of organic rice farming is generally quite high, above the value of TE (technical efficiency) 0.8, while applying an independent organic farming has higher technical efficiency than others. Determinant of technical efficiency is the practice of Sekolah Lapang  or Field School and the independence of farmers in affording resources locally.

Keywords: Technical efficiency, independence of rice farming  system, Organic  farming applications.
EVALUASI OOSIT KAMBING HASIL IVM SEBAGAI SALAH SATU FAKTOR PENENTU KEBERHASILAN DALAM AKTIVASI PARTENOGENESIS
Authors: Holil Kholifah
Published: November 2016

Aktivasi partenogenesis merupakan salah satu tehnik aktivasi oosit untuk menghasilkan embrio tanpa kontribusi dari sperma. Salah satu faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan tehnik ini adalah pada ketersediaan oosit yang berkualitas. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi oosit kambing hasil IVM yang dapat digunakan untuk kepentingan dalam aktivasi partenogenesis tersebut.
Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah oosit yang diaspirasi dari folikel ovarium kambing yang diambil dari RPH Sukun Malang. Oosit di IVM selama 24 jam dan selama 27 jam dalam medium TCM-199 yang ditambah dengan fetal bovine serum (FBS), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) dan lutheinizing hormone (LH) dan diinkubasi pada suhu 38,5oC, 5% CO2. Pada jam ke 24 dan jam ke 27 setelah IVM dilakukan pengamatan yang meliputi ekspansi sel-sel kumulus dan keberadaan polar body I (PB-I) pada jam ke 30.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa oosit kambing  yang di IVM  sampai jam ke 24 belum menunjukkan adanya ekspansi sel-sel kumulus kualitas 2 dan penampakan PB-I. Hasil tersebut berbeda dengan oosit yang di IVM sampai jam ke 27. Pada pengamatan jam ke 27 ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 77,87% oosit yang sel-sel kumulusnya berekspansi (kualitas 2) dan PB-I yang nampak sebesar 95,32%.  Dengan demikian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa oosit kambing hasil IVM  baru dapat digunakan untuk keperluan lebih lanjut khususnya untuk keperluan aktivasi partenogenesis pada jam ke 27.

Kata kunci: evaluasi, aktivasi partenogenesis, oosit kambing hasil IVM
KETAHANAN GALUR KEDELAI (Glycine max L.) TERHADAP SERANGAN ULAT GRAYAK (Spodoptera litura F.) BERDASARKAN KARAKTERISTIK TRIKOMA
Authors: Ika Khoiriyah Eko Budi Minarno,
Published: November 2016

Ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura F.) adalah  hama kedelai (Glycine max L.). Pengendalian hama dilakukan dengan penggunaan galur tahan hama melalui seleksi karakteristik morfologi daun (kerapatan trikoma). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui intensitas kerusakan daun oleh serangan hama, dan korelasi antara kerapatan trikoma daun kedelai dengan ketahanan galur terhadap serangan ulat grayak. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi 2 tahap yaitu penelitian deskriptif dan eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), 2 kali ulangan. Apabila terdapat perbedaan nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) 5%. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah 45 galur kedelai dan S. litura instar II sejumlah 450 ekor. Data hasil penelitian meliputi nilai intensitas kerusakan daun, ketahanan galur oleh serangan ulat grayak dan kerapatan trikoma. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan nilai intensitas kerusakan daun, ketahanan  45 galur kedelai (Glycine max L.)  dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 4 galur kategori sangat tahan (ST), 4 galur tahan (T), 9 galur agak tahan (AT), 24 galur rentan (R), dan  3 galur sangat rentan (SR). Perbedaan galur kedelai (Glycine max L.)  berpengaruh nyata terhadap ketahanan dari serangan ulat grayak (S. litura). Berdasarkan kerapatan trikoma diketahui menunjukkan korelasi negatif dengan intensitas serangan ulat grayak (S. litura) yang berarti semakin tinggi kerapatan trikoma daun, maka semakin rendah intensitas serangan ulat grayak (S. litura).

Kata Kunci: Kedelai,  trikoma, ulat grayak
AKTIVITAS IMUNOMODULATOR EKSTRAK DAUN Moringa oleifera Lam TERHADAP POPULASI HEMATOPOETIC STEM CELL PADA MENCIT YANG DIINFEKSI Salmonella typhi
Authors: Hefni Mohammad
Published: November 2016

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas imunomodulator ekstrak daun Moringa oleifera Lam terhadap populasi Hematopoetic Stem Cell (HSC) pada mencit yang diinfeksi Salmonella typhi.Mencit dikelompokkan menjadi 2 kelompok.Kelompok non-infeksi dan kelompok infeksi S. typhi.Pada masing-masing kelompok diberikan ekstrak M. oleifera secara oral selama 20 hari dengan dosis yang berbeda, diantaranya kelompok kontrol (0 mg/kg BB), dosis 1 (14 mg/kg BB), dosis 2 (42 mg/kg BB), dan dosis 3 (84 mg/kg BB).Selanjutnya pada kelompok infeksi diinfeksi S. typhi sebanyak 108sel.Jumlah populasi HSC dapat diketahui dengan mengamati molekul permukaan HSC (Cluster of Differentiation 34/ CD34)dengan analisa software BD CellQuest Flowcytometri.Data hasil flowcytometri dianalisis menggunakan Two-Way Anova (P < 0.05), dengan SPSS 16.0 for Windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian ekstrak M. oleifera dapat beraktivitas sebagai imunostimulator terhadap HSC (CD34),namun pemberian dengan dosis rendah (14 dan 42 mg/kg BB) lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan dosis tinggi (84 mg/kg BB). Bahkan, pemberian ekstrak M. oleiferadengan dosis tinggi (84 mg/kg BB) dapat beraktivitas sebagai imunosupresor terhadap HSC
PENGARUH OSMOLIT TERHADAP MATURASI EMBRIO SOMATIK JERUK (Citrus reticulata Blanco.)
Authors: Hidayahti Nurul
Published: November 2016

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh osmolit (PEG dan agar) terhadap maturasi embrio somatik (ES) jeruk keprok batu 55. Embrio somatik diinduksi dari jaringan nuselus buah muda jeruk keprok batu 55 pada media MT padat yang ditambah ekstrak malt 500 mg/L, gula 50 g/L dan BAP 3 mg/L. Embrio somatik fase globular hasil induksi diperbanyak pada media MT tanpa ekstrak malt dan zat pengatur tumbuh. Maturasi ES fase globular diinduksi pada media MS yang mengandung agar (10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, dan 20 g/L) atau PEG (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, dan 10%). Setelah delapan minggu dihitung persentase setiap fase perkembangan ES. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan eksplan nuselus dapat berkembang menjadi ES fase globular, hati, torpedo dan kotiledon. Penambahan PEG dan peningkatan konsentrasi agar menurunkan persentase ES fase globular.
DETEKSI VIRUS HEPATITIS A DAN B BERDASARKAN PATOGENESA DAN STRUKTUR VIRUS
Authors: Milliana Alvi
Published: November 2016

Hepatitis virus merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang menyebabkan mortalitas dan morbiditas jutaan orang di dunia, baik dewasa maupun anak-anak. Hepatitis virus akut terbanyak disebabkan oleh virus hepatitis A, sedangkan virus hepatitis B menyebabkan hepatitis akut dan kronis. Diagnosa hepatitis virus ditegakkan berdasarkan pemeriksaaan laboratorium karena secara klinis banyak kasus yang tidak menunjukkan gejala. Deteksi virus hepatitis dilakukan secara langsung dengan pemeriksaan antigen virus, maupun secara tidak langsung dengan pemeriksaan antibody virus. Deteksi ini dilakukan berdasarkan patogenesa virus dan struktur virus hepatitis A dan B. Deteksi ini bermanfaat untuk mengetahui perjalanan penyakitdan status infeksius penderita
Konservasi Air dan Energi dengan Menghidupkan Sunnah Nabi
Authors: Ahmad Mujahidin
Published: November 2016

Islam is a universal religion. Not only governs the relationship between servant and God but also regulates the relationship with fellow beings. Among the teachings of Islam that governs the relationship with the creatures is how the adherents of Islam set to be considerate of the environment, ie, how should humans maintain balance of nature and not ruin it. The use of water and energi, including matters governed by Islam through the Qur'an and the instructions Prophet Sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam. Instructions regarding the procedure of which the Prophet made ablution, bathing, brushing teeth closely related to water conservation, while the doctrine of fasting, to walk to the mosque, turn off a light during sleep so strongly associated with the doctrine of the conservation of energy. By following the Sunnah of a Moslem not only to be rewarded, but also contribute to the conservation of natural resources whose benefits will be felt by all mankind
APLIKASI SITOGENETIKA UNTUK MENDETEKSI ABNORMALITAS KROMOSOM PADA Benign Barrett’s EPITHELIUM YANG MENGALAMI TRANSFORMASI MALIGNA
Authors: Milliana Alvi
Published: November 2016

Barrett’s esophagus is a metaplastic alteration of the normal distal esophageal epithelium. Barrett’s esophagus is present in 10%–20% of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Its major significance is as a predisposing factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma, which carries a high mortality rate and a rapidly growing incidence in the United States.  Esophageal adenocarcinoma carries a grave prognosis, with a relative 3-year survival rate of only 20% in the United States from 1995–1998.  Cancer arises in BE through a multistep sequence of events initiated by chronic GERD that leads to metaplasia, dysplasia, and  adenocarcinoma sequence. Primary pathogenetic changes in cancer result from balanced rearrangements of chromosome. Losses of chromosomes 4, 18, 21, and Y were the most frequent numeric changes. The chromosome arms most frequently rearranged were 1p, 3q, 11p and 22p. Evidence of chromosomal rearrangements [t(10;16) and dup (11q)] appeared during the early stages of the BEC model. After further validation, in-vivo, they may be clinically useful for diagnosis of BE, progressing to dysplasia or esophageal adenocarcinoma
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN RAMUAN TRADISIONAL MADURA “SUBUR KANDUNGAN”
Authors: Resmisari Ruri Siti
Published: November 2016

Traditional medicine "Subur Kandungan" is a medicine that is widely used and produced in Madura. The problem to develop Madura’s herb is raw material that hasn’t the standardized medicine used for Madura’s traditional medicine, because that raw materials are mostly purchased from traditional markets. This led to the standardization of Madura’s traditional medicine is difficult to do. This condition causes didn’t known active compounds contained in the Madura’s medicine. This study was conducted to determine the content of phytochemical compounds from ethanol extract medicine "Subur Kandungan" as well as antioxidant activity. Based on the results, it was concluded that the class of chemical compounds contained in the Madura’s traditional medicine "Subur Kandungan" are classified as a flavonoids and alkaloids, while the antioxidant activity of extracts of the medicine " Subur Kandungan " are expressed in IC50 was at 90.19 ppm classified as a strong antioxidant.
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI ENDOFIT RIMPANG TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) SEBAGAI PENGHASIL SENYAWA ANTIFUNGI TERHADAP Candida albicans
Authors: Milliana Alvi , Safitri Wahyu
Published: November 2016

Infectious diseases in humans by microbes in developing countries including Indonesia remains a major problem. Forty-three percent of deaths in developing countries are caused by infections. Candida is a yeast species that often cause opportunistic infections. Disease caused by Candida can affect the mouth, vagina, skin, nails, lungs, sometimes can cause septicemia, endocarditis and meningitis. Rising yeast-leavened which has resistance to antifungal compounds that exist, encourage researchers continue to discover new compounds which have antifungal properties. In addition, the side effects caused by the use of antifungal drugs, causing people still expect the natural ingredients that can be used as an alternative treatment. According to WHO, 80% of the world's population still relies on traditional medicine, including the use of drugs from plants, one of which is the use of turmeric plant (Curcuma zanthorriza). Bioactive compounds of plants that are antifungal generally are volatile oil, aldehyde and phenol compounds. The existence of endophytic microbes in plants have economic significance for the industry favorable treatment. Endophytic microbes easily grown, have a shorter life cycle than the plant and capable of producing bioactive compounds similar to the host plant. Therefore, it is necessary to study the potential of endophytic bacteria ginger rhizome (C. xanthorrhiza) as a producer of Candida albicans antifungal compounds. This study uses ginger rhizome obtained from Stone and Pasuruan. After the isolation of microbes from ginger rhizome, further purification by means of subcultures. The endophytic microbial isolates gram staining and identification of bacteria. The result is a gram-positive bacterium Actinomyces viscosus, Bacillus brevis gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri. Then do the production of antifungal metabolites produced by endophytic bacteria and C. albicans antifungal test Paper Disc Diffusion method. The result looks the inhibition zone with a diameter of 4 mm, 15 mm and 45 mm
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI JAMU MADURA SUBUR KANDUNGAN
Authors: Wijayanto Andik , Abrori Romi
Published: November 2016

Madurese traditional medicine (herbs) Subur Kandungan is a medicine that is widely used and produced in Madura that contains Curcuma zedoaria (Chrism.)Rosc., Kaempferia galanga L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., and Centella asiatica (L.)Urb. highly favoredby the Indonesian community, especially women to improve reproductive health but have not been tested scientifically and standardization to ensure efficacy and safety. Initial stageis screening bioactive compound and then antibacterial activity assay with paper disc method. Clinical bacterial isolates such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used as test organisms. The best treatment to inhibit the growth of E. Coli and S. aureusis 70% ethanol at a concentration of extract 1000 mg/ml with inhibition zone respectively 5mm and 6.5mm. Although in crude extract form, Madurese traditional medicine (herbs) Subur Kandungan had inhibitory effect on the growth of the E.coli and S.aureus so this traditional medicine potential as an antibacterial agent. It is recommended that further work be done to identify the specific secondary metabolite compound that responsible for this effect, purify it, and standardize as same as a antibacterial drug.
SKRINING AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN JAMU SUBUR KANDUNGAN KOMERSIAL
Authors: Ahmad Mujahidin
Published: November 2016

Selection of traditional medicine is often considered as a choice since the affordable price and low side effects than chemical drugs. One of the well-known herbal medicine produced and consumed in java is Madura Herbal Medicine (MHM). MHM "Subur Kandungan" is one of the original medicinal products which is widely known in inducing fertility, but has not been scientifically standardized so make this many doubt for its usefulness. With the standardization and scientific assessment, MHM ought to be accepted in the modern medical system as well as lead in increasing both society revenues and public health. MHM "Subur Kandungan" consist of garlic (Allium sativum L.), Sweet Flag (Acorus calamus L.), and Intersection rhizome mango (Curcuma mangga Val.) is widely recognized as efficacious herbal medicine for inducing fertility. To determine the potency of those three plants, these were extracted by ethanol and continued by testing the antioxidant potential (DPPH) both individually and mixed. Assessments of phytochemical and antimicrobial potency were discussed. Test results showed that antioxidant activity represented by DPPH IC50 values of ethanol extract of A. sativum, A. calamus, C. mangga  and a mixture of those are 383.56, 335.68, 32.48, 27.773 µg/ml (ppm) respectively. Allium sativum and A.calamus are weak antioxidants as having IC50 in the range of 250-500 ppm, while the C. mangga and a mixture of those have strong antioxidant content as having IC50 of less than 50 ppm. Allegedly due to the high antioxidant content of the content of steroids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, diterpene, triterpenes, and alcaloids in A. calamus, also contains steroids, flavonoids, glycosides, diterpene, triterpenes and alaloids on A. sativum and also the presence of terpenoids as compound intersection primary contained in C. mangga respectively.
PROFIL OSTEOBLAS DAN OSTEOKLAS TULANG ALVEOLAR PADA MODEL TIKUS DIABETES TAHAP AWAL DENGAN APLIKASIGAYA ORTODONTI YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Hikmah Nuzulul
Published: November 2016

Orthodontic tooth movement is obtained through alveolar bone remodeling. Alveolar bone remodeling includes resorption process that played by osteoclasts and bone formed process that played by osteoblasts. Diabetes affects on orthodontic tooth movement. The magnitude of orthodontic force that applied in the early stages of diabetic conditions, would be a consideration of the alveolar bone remodeling process. The purpose of this study was to determine osteoblast and osteoclast profile in early stage of rat diabetic models with different orthodontic force application. 24 Wistar rats were divided into three groups of controls andthree groups of early stage of diabetic treatment with different orthodontic force application (10, 20, and 30 gramforce/grf). The results showed an increased of osteoclast numbers in early stage of diabetes and will be increased along with the increased of orthodontic force. The results also showed a decreased of osteoblast number in early stage of diabetes, but it would be increased along with the increased of orthodontic force.
UJI ANTIOKSIDAN JAMU MADURA “EMPOT SUPER”
Authors: Holil Kholifah
Published: November 2016

 
 The purpose of this research is to present scientific information related to madura’s herbal medicine “empot super” and herbal extract made from existing composition of the various constituent plants of empot super. Then, this research spesifically detects antioxidants activity found in herbal medicine and herbal extract expected to provide a scientific assurance either for the industry or the consumen.Samples used in this research are madura’s herbal medicine and herbal extract mixture of various simplisia those are used in the manufacture of empot super herbal medicine. To get those samples, herbal medicine is imported from madura, while the herbal extract is the production of extraction process by using ethanol. The samples are subsequently assay the antioxidants activity by using DPPH method at 571nm.The final result of this research indicates the existance of IC50 proportion in herbal medicine that is 34,11mg/ml and 45,44mg/ml in herbal extract. Indeed, in the assay of herbal medicine and herbal extract classified as having a very strong antioxidants activity
PENGARUH EKSTRAK BUAH Carica pubescens Lenne & K. Koch YANG TUMBUH DI BEBERAPA TEMPAT DI INDONESIA TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA MUKOSA RONGGA MULUT
Authors: Kristanti Risma Aprinda
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of Carica  pubescens Lenne & K. Koch extract to the epihtelialization on the wound healing of gingival mucosa and to examine the effect of C. pubescens extract from different region (Dieng and Cangar) to the epithelialization process.Twenty eight adult male albino rats were devided into four group, we created cutlet along 1 cm on the mandibular gingival mucosa below insisiv teeth. K1 group were treated with aquadest while K2 group were treated with C. pubescens extract from Dieng, K3 group were treated with C. pubescens extract from Cangar, and K4 group were treated with policresulen preparations. At the end of fifth day, the rats were sacrificed and the mandibular gingival mucosa were collected for histologist preparations. The result of this study shows that K3 group has the thickest gingival epithel layers while there is no significant different among four group for the thikness gingival epithel layers
KELAINAN RANGKA FETUS MENCIT (Mus musculus) GALUR BALB/C AKIBAT PEMBERIAN DEET (Diethyltoluamide)
Authors: Kusmawati Wiwik
Published: November 2016

The study was aimed to identify the effect of DEET on fetal skeletal abnormalities of Balb/C strain mice. Thirty five female Balb/C strain mice were used in this study. The female mice were mated with male mice used one mating method. Mice in treatment group were administered dermally with 281,25; 562,5 1125 and 2250 mg/kg BW DEET disolved in ethanol at gestation day of 6 to 15, while mice in control were administered with ethanol. Mice in group were repeated seven times. At gestation day 18, the mice were sacrificed and fetal skeletal abnormalities were observed. Bone staining subsequently was done by using Alizarin Red S. Results were analyzed by using SPSS program version 16 personal computer, one way ANOVA and multiple comparison test with significance level of 0,05. Skeletal abnormalities such as supraoccipital, sternal, vertebral, sacrocaudal and phalanx were not found in all doses administered. From these experiment we suggested that DEET has no effects in fetal skeletal abnormalities such as supraoccipital, sternal, vertebral, sacrocaudal and phalanx
Keeping The Lights On With Coal Energy: A Financial Approach
Authors: Dieck-Assad Flory Anette
Published: November 2016

Environmental, political, and economic events seem to conspire simultaneously towards the objective to erase coal-fired power plants. The most important events are: the increase of environmental regulations, the surge of natural gas as a cleaner fuel, the operative costs, the aging and the efficiency issue of the coal-fired power plants. However, the decision of the U.S.A. Supreme Court, the 29th of June 2015, suspended the regulation proposals presented by the U.S.A. Environmental Protection Agency concerning the mercury emissions of coal-fired power plants. This decision caused debate and controversy. The main objective of the sustainable approach for electricity generation is to find the blending of fuels that decrease contamination. However, the contradiction of different events in the world poses the challenge to evaluate if the XXI Century will see the end of the coal era. Could the technological breakthroughs like the Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) and the development of other Clean Energy Technologies on Coal (CCT) stop this trend or, will the financial and environmental profitability of coal help it to remain in the energy mix?
Theodicy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Authors: Tugnoli Claudio
Published: November 2016

Throughout all of Rousseau’s works there is tension between argumentation and feeling, speculation and intuition, reason and conscience. Reason binds men when they think correctly, but divides them and opposes one to the other when they place it at the service of self-interest, of ambition and of the will to prevail. Conversely, the universality of conscience is immediate and transparent: it transmits the truth of the existence of God, of the freedom of men, of the distinction between good and evil, as well as of the universal principles that are at the roots of human action and of the virtues honoured by all human societies, despite the differences of particular legislations. Mankind possesses an innate and intuitive conscience of the fundamental principles by which its conduct must be inspired. Were we to consider human actions only according to the criterion of physical need, of causality and of movement, vices and virtues would disappear and terms like morality and honesty would have no meaning. But each one of us perceives from within that this is not the case. We feel that moral good and evil are more real than anything else, without any need whatsoever to prove it. To obey the conscience one has of good and of evil without human mediation means to reject the dogmatic formalism of religions as well as the vanity of philosophical disputes. Every human being, however, is inserted into a national community. What should the state’s attitude be vis-à-vis religion? Rousseau indicates two paths. The first consists in establishing a purely civil religion that admits only those dogmas that are truly useful to society. Rousseau highlights the contradiction of a Christian religion that, although it is the religion of peace par excellence, fuels continuing bloody clashes among men due to a dogmatic theology that is totally alien to the essence of the Gospel and extremely hazardous for the life of the State. The second path consists in allowing Christianity to retain its authentic spirit, its freedom from any material constraint, without any obligations other than those of individual conscience. The Christian religion has such a pure and noble moral that it cannot but benefit the State, as long as one does not expect to make it part of the constitution.
Satire as Tool of Political Cartoons in the Nigerian National Dailies: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Salisu Ogbo Usman , Nuhu MomohTairu
Published: November 2016

This work is an analysis of the use of satire as a form of imagery to depict some political issues in cartoons as featured in the Nigerian national dailies. Survey method of research design was adopted as a means of sampling copies of national dailies from which political cartoons were selected, while Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) was adopted for the analysis of data gathered. Findings reveal images of corruption, official responsibility, political failure and brutality/cruelty/suffering as the dominant concerns of the cartoons featured by the papers. While the corrupt postures of those who have links with the past government are dominant in the image of corruption portrayed, both those in and out of government are subjected to some satiric expose in respect of official responsibility, failure in politics and brutality/cruelty/suffering. At the end, it is recommended, among others, that more searchlight should be focused on the corrupt tendency of those still in power, and that more research efforts be devoted to the use of political cartoons to encourage citizen participation in national discourse.