bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergency care for older people living with frailty: patient and carer perspectives
Authors: Regen Emma , Phelps Kay , van Oppen James David , Riley Peter , Lalseta Jagruti , Martin Graham , Mason Suzanne M , Conroy Simon
Published: September 2022

Background

Little is known about how frailty impacts on older people’s experiences of emergency care, despite patient experience being essential to providing person-centred care. This qualitative study reports on the experiences of older people with frailty in the ED and their and their carers’ preferences for emergency care.

Methods

Older people (aged 75+ years) who were at least mildly frail and/or their carers, with current or recent experience of emergency care, were recruited from three EDs in England between January and June 2019. Data were collected via semi-structured in-depth interviews which explored participants’ views on their recent experience of emergency care and their priorities and preferred outcomes. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed following the principles of the Framework approach.

Results

Forty participants were interviewed: 24 patients and 16 carers who, between them, described ED attendances for 28 patients across the three sites. Often informed by previous negative experiences, there was a strong desire to avoid conveyance to EDs, and a sense of helplessness or acquiescence to attend. Although staff attitudes were on the whole seen as positive, the ED experience was dominated by negative experiences relating to very basic issues such as a lack of help with eating, drinking, toileting and discomfort from long waits on hard trolleys. Participants reported that communication and involvement in decision making could be improved, including involving next of kin, who were viewed as critical to supporting vulnerable older people during sometimes very protracted waits.

Conclusion

Frailty reflects a vulnerability and a need for support in basic activities of daily living, which EDs in this study, and perhaps more widely, are not set up to provide. Changes at the levels of clinical practice and service design are required to deliver even the most basic care for older people with frailty in the ED environment.
Randomised, controlled crossover trial of intermittent and continuous transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the genioglossus muscle for obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Wu Xiaofeng , Zhao Dong , Hu Weihua , Zheng Zhishui , Zha Shiqian , Zhang Qingfeng , Hu Ke
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Continuous transcutaneous electrical stimulation (CTES) of the genioglossus muscle may benefit patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, the therapeutic value of intermittent transcutaneous electrical stimulation (ITES) for OSA is unclear.

Methods

This was a randomised, controlled, crossover study to compare the effects of ITES and CTES of the genioglossus muscle. Over three single-night sessions, participants were alternately subjected to three genioglossus stimulation modalities during sleep (sham, CTES and ITES). The apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) were used for OSA diagnosis and to evaluate efficacy. A responder was defined as an individual with a ≥50% reduction in AHI together with <10 AHI events per hour and/or an ODI reduction of ≥25% between sham stimulation and electrical stimulation nights.

Results

Fifteen men with OSA completed the study. Compared with sham, the median AHI with ITES decreased by 13.3 events/hour (95% CI 3.1 to 23.5, p=0.030) and by 7.3 events/hour (95% CI −3.9 to 18.5, p=0.825) with CTES. The median ODI was reduced by 9.25 events/hour (95% CI 0.5 to 18.0) with ITES and 3.3 events/hour (95% CI −5.6 to 12.2) with CTES; however, there was no significant difference between groups. Furthermore, ITES outperformed CTES with respect to longest apnoea duration (median (95% CI), 9.5 (0.0 to 19.0), p=0.011)) and the highest sleep efficiency (12.2 (2.7 to 21.7), p=0.009). Of the 15 participants, 8 responded to ITES and 3 responded to CTES (p=0.058), of whom all eight cases and two out of three cases had ODIs <5 events/hour, respectively. All participants tolerated ITES well.

Conclusions

ITES improved upper airway obstruction in patients with OSA, suggesting that further prospective validation of the intermittent approach is warranted.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2100050138.
Analyzing powers at low nucleon–nucleon relative energies in proton–deuteron breakup reaction
Authors: Mohammadi-Dadkan M. , Amir-Ahmadi H. R. , Bayat M. T. , Deltuva A. , Eslami-Kalantari M. , Golak J. , Kalantar-Nayestanaki N. , Kistryn St. , Kozela A. , Mardanpour H. , Mehmandoost-Khajeh-dad A. A. , Messchendorp J. G. , Ramazani-Moghaddam-Arani A. , Ramazani-Sharifabadi R. , Skibiński R. , Stephan E. , Tavakoli-Zaniani H. , Witała H.
Published: September 2022

Vector analyzing powers for the $$d(\vec {p},pp)n$$

d
(

p
→

,
p
p
)
n

reaction have been measured at KVI for different kinematical configurations using a polarized proton beam with an energy of 190 MeV. We compared our data with different theoretical calculations at extremely low relative energies of the proton–proton and proton–neutron systems in the final state. For the proton–neutron case, we used the information of the two detected protons in the final state in which one of them scattered to an angle smaller than $$40^{\circ }$$

40
∘

and the other one to an angle larger than $$100^{\circ }$$

100
∘

in the laboratory frame. We extrapolated our measurements towards a kinematical configuration to a vanishing relative energy. Our results show that none of the theoretical models presented here is able to reproduce experimental data for the proton–proton case at very low relative energies. For the proton–neutron case, we were not able to provide a reliable extrapolation to small relative energies of less than 1 MeV. Present results are the basis for future investigations of spin-isospin dependencies in the nuclear many-body force.
Alkaline sill intrusions in sedimentary basins: emplacement of the Mussentuchit Wash Sill in San Rafael Swell, Utah
Authors: Kjenes Martin , Eide Christian Haug , Schofield Nick , Chedburn Lauren
Published: September 2022

Sills are important components of magmatic plumbing systems because of their role in magma storage. Previous studies have indirectly investigated sill propagation and architecture by using laboratory experiments, remote sensing, modelling and theory. However, these studies often struggle to include the complexity of natural systems, which commonly involves strong interplay between hosts and intrusions. To highlight the importance of host rock and magma interaction, we present the results from a study of combined unmanned aerial vehicle and outcrop datasets from a world-class 1.3 km long, 30 m high 3D exposure of a 12 m thick alkaline trachybasalt sill in Mussentuchit Wash, San Rafael Swell, Utah. The sill intruded into Jurassic, dominantly sandy, sedimentary rocks. Results of this study show that the propagation of the Mussentuchit Wash Sill features both fracture-driven and complex non-brittle fluid interaction emplacement, which are strongly influenced by local sedimentology and presence of porewater. Segregated melt emplaced progressively within the sill during emplacement is used to document the evolution of sill inflation. The fracture-driven propagation is initiated along sedimentary discontinuities through hydrofracturing, whereas the non-brittle fluid interaction is caused by the presence of local porewater within the sedimentary host rocks. This suggests that local lithology may exert strong control on the architecture and morphology of sills in sedimentary basins.

Supplementary material:
Uninterpreted images of the sill are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21269265.v1
and are included as DR1.
Innovatiocaris
, a complete radiodont from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte and its implications for the phylogeny of Radiodonta
Authors: Zeng Han , Zhao Fangchen , Zhu Maoyan
Published: September 2022

The Paleozoic radiodonts are important for understanding the evolution and ecology of early euarthropods. However, complete radiodont fossils are very rare, despite their central roles in understanding radiodont palaeobiology. Here we describe
Innovatiocaris maotianshanensis
gen. et sp. nov. in detail based on an iconic complete radiodont specimen from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte of China. The head of
I
.
maotianshanensis
has a pair of stalked eyes, an ovate dorsal sclerite, a pair of frontal appendages composed of 11 distal articulated podomeres bearing spiky endites with only anterior auxiliary spines, and a putative triradial oral cone. The body possesses six anterior pairs of small differentiated neck flaps and 10 posterior pairs of trunk flaps, with soft tissues including alimentary canal and musculature preserved. The tail includes a tail fan comprising three pairs of lateral blades and a pair of very long furcae. Another two new species,
Innovatiocaris
? sp. and
I
.?
multispiniformis
sp. nov., are established based on the frontal appendages with different numbers of anterior auxiliary spines and are tentatively assigned to
Innovatiocaris
. Phylogenetic analysis retrieves
Innovatiocaris
as either a basal member of Hurdiidae or an early-branching lineage of the non-hurdiid clade. Thus,
Innovatiocaris
provides new insights into the radiodont phylogeny and illuminates the early diversification of Radiodonta.

Supplementary material:
Supplementary figures, a phylogenetic data matrix and a supplementary discussion are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6179300

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Advances in the Cambrian Explosion collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/advances-in-the-cambrian-explosion
Below Victory
Authors: Hessels Scott
Published: September 2022

Recent advances in Ground Penetrating Radar have caused the imaging technology to pivot from a simple construction engineering tool to a valuable new option for archaeology. Newfound abilities to model sound echoes resonating through stone have revealed archeological discoveries where excavation is not possible. Working with a transdisciplinary team, the artist secured a GPR scan of 2,000-year-old Gallo-Roman temple ruins below the plaza of a gothic cathedral in France. The technology's sounding image of the hidden site became a visual language that was explored in a 2-year series of artworks based on the discovery. The art + science research project resulted in data visualizations across many creative media including site-specific public trompe l'oeil, augmented reality, and hundreds of design experiments. Using the GPR dataset as a foundational resource in art-making, the project expanded the interpretation of Digital Heritage. Collectively, the works reinforced the understanding of a site hidden since Antiquity but also considered public non-sites in pandemic times. The advances in this scanning technology proved to be a powerful creative tool to highlight themes of how we protect and understand heritage, how we create public experiences in socially distanced times, and our responsibility to continually reconsider complex history.
VULoc
Authors: Yang Jing , Dong BaiShun , Wang Jiliang
Published: September 2022

Ultra-WideBand (UWB) localization has shown promising prospects in both academia and industry. However, accurate UWB localization for a large number of tags (i.e., targets) is still an open problem. Existing works usually require tedious time synchronization and labor-intensive calibrations. We present VULoc, an accurate UWB localization system with high scalability for an unlimited number of targets, which significantly reduces synchronization and calibration overhead. The key idea of VULoc is an accurate localization method based on passive reception without time synchronization. Specifically, we propose a novel virtual-Two Way Ranging (V-TWR) method to enable accurate localization for an unlimited number of tags. We theoretically analyze the performance of our method and show its superiority. We leverage redundant ranging packets among anchors with known positions to infer a range mapping for auto-calibration, which eliminates the ranging bias arising from the hardware and multipath issues. We finally design an anchor scheduling algorithm, which estimates reception quality for adaptive anchor selection to minimize the influence of NLOS. We implement VULoc with DW1000 chips and extensively evaluate its performance in various environments. The results show that VULoc can achieve accurate localization with a median error of 10.5 cm and 90% error of 15.7 cm, reducing the error of ATLAS (an open-source TDOA-based UWB localization system) by 57.6% while supporting countless targets with no synchronization and low calibration overhead.
FLAME
Authors: Cho Hyunsung , Mathur Akhil , Kawsar Fahim
Published: September 2022

Federated Learning (FL) enables distributed training of machine learning models while keeping personal data on user devices private. While we witness increasing applications of FL in the area of mobile sensing, such as human activity recognition (HAR), FL has not been studied in the context of a multi-device environment (MDE), wherein each user owns multiple data-producing devices. With the proliferation of mobile and wearable devices, MDEs are increasingly becoming popular in ubicomp settings, therefore necessitating the study of FL in them. FL in MDEs is characterized by being not independent and identically distributed (non-IID) across clients, complicated by the presence of both user and device heterogeneities. Further, ensuring efficient utilization of system resources on FL clients in a MDE remains an important challenge. In this paper, we propose FLAME, a user-centered FL training approach to counter statistical and system heterogeneity in MDEs, and bring consistency in inference performance across devices. FLAME features (i) user-centered FL training utilizing the time alignment across devices from the same user; (ii) accuracy- and efficiency-aware device selection; and (iii) model personalization to devices. We also present an FL evaluation testbed with realistic energy drain and network bandwidth profiles, and a novel class-based data partitioning scheme to extend existing HAR datasets to a federated setup. Our experiment results on three multi-device HAR datasets show that FLAME outperforms various baselines by 4.3-25.8% higher F1 score, 1.02-2.86x greater energy efficiency, and up to 2.06x speedup in convergence to target accuracy through fair distribution of the FL workload.
LoEar
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Wei , Sun Ke , Zhang Fusang , Gu Tao , Xu Chenren , Zhang Daqing
Published: September 2022

Acoustic sensing has been explored in numerous applications leveraging the wide deployment of acoustic-enabled devices. However, most of the existing acoustic sensing systems work in a very short range only due to fast attenuation of ultrasonic signals, hindering their real-world deployment. In this paper, we present a novel acoustic sensing system using only a single microphone and speaker, named LoEar, to detect vital signs (respiration and heartbeat) with a significantly increased sensing range. We first develop a model, namely Carrierforming, to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) via coherent superposition across multiple subcarriers on the target path. We then propose a novel technique called Continuous-MUSIC (Continuous-MUltiple SIgnal Classification) to detect a dynamic reflections, containing subtle motion, and further identify the target user based on the frequency distribution to enable Carrierforming. Finally, we adopt an adaptive Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) comb notch filter to recover the heartbeat pattern from the Channel Frequency Response (CFR) measurements which are dominated by respiration and further develop a peak-based scheme to estimate respiration rate and heart rate. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate our system, and results show that our system outperforms the state-of-the-art using commercial devices, i.e., the range of respiration sensing is increased from 2 m to 7 m, and the range of heartbeat sensing is increased from 1.2 m to 6.5 m.
StretchAR
Authors: Paredes Luis , Ipsita Ananya , Mesa Juan C. , Martinez Garrido Ramses V. , Ramani Karthik
Published: September 2022

Over the past decade, augmented reality (AR) developers have explored a variety of approaches to allow users to interact with the information displayed on smart glasses and head-mounted displays (HMDs). Current interaction modalities such as mid-air gestures, voice commands, or hand-held controllers provide a limited range of interactions with the virtual content. Additionally, these modalities can also be exhausting, uncomfortable, obtrusive, and socially awkward. There is a need to introduce comfortable interaction techniques for smart glasses and HMDS without the need for visual attention. This paper presents StretchAR, wearable straps that exploit touch and stretch as input modalities to interact with the virtual content displayed on smart glasses. StretchAR straps are thin, lightweight, and can be attached to existing garments to enhance users' interactions in AR. StretchAR straps can withstand strains up to 190% while remaining sensitive to touch inputs. The strap allows the effective combination of these inputs as a mode of interaction with the content displayed through AR widgets, maps, menus, social media, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Furthermore, we conducted a user study with 15 participants to determine the potential implications of the use of StretchAR as input modalities when placed on four different body locations (head, chest, forearm, and wrist). This study reveals that StretchAR can be used as an efficient and convenient input modality for smart glasses with a 96% accuracy. Additionally, we provide a collection of 28 interactions enabled by the simultaneous touch-stretch capabilities of StretchAR. Finally, we facilitate recommendation guidelines for the design, fabrication, placement, and possible applications of StretchAR as an interaction modality for AR content displayed on smart glasses.
WiNE
Authors: Banerjee Avishek , Srinivasan Kannan
Published: September 2022

Food analytic and estimation of food nutrients have an increasing demand in recent years to monitor and control food intake and calorie consumption by individuals. Microwave ovens have recently replaced conventional cooking methods due to efficient and quick heating and cooking techniques. Users estimate the food nutrient composition by using some lookup information for each of the food's ingredients or by using applications that map the picture of the food to their pre-defined dataset. These techniques are often time-consuming and not in real-time and thus can result in low accuracy. In this paper, we present WiNE, a system that introduces a new technique to estimate food nutrient composition and calorie content in real-time using microwave radiation. Our system monitors microwave oven leakage in the time and frequency domains and estimates the percentage of nutrients (carbohydrate, fat, protein, and water) present in the food. To evaluate the real-world performance of WiNE, we build a prototype using software-defined radios and conducted experiments on various food items using household microwave ovens. WiNE can estimate the food nutrient composition with a mean absolute error of ≤ 5% and the calorie content of the food with a high correlation of ~ 0.97.
Plug-and-play Physical Computing with Jacdac
Authors: Devine James , Moskal Michal , de Halleux Peli , Ball Thomas , Hodges Steve , D'Amone Gabriele , Gakure David , Finney Joe , Underwood Lorraine , Hartley Kobi , Kos Paul , Oppenheim Matt
Published: September 2022

Physical computing is becoming mainstream. More people than ever---from artists, makers and entrepreneurs to educators and students---are connecting microcontrollers with sensors and actuators to create new interactive devices. However, physical computing still presents many challenges and demands many skills, spanning electronics, low-level protocols, and software---road blocks that reduce participation. While USB has made connecting peripherals to a personal computing device (PC) trivial, USB components are expensive and require a PC to operate. This makes USB impractical for many physical computing scenarios where cost, size and low power operation are often important.
Enabling Contact-free Acoustic Sensing under Device Motion
Authors: Liu Jialin , Li Dong , Wang Lei , Zhang Fusang , Xiong Jie
Published: September 2022

Recent years have witnessed increasing attention from both academia and industry on contact-free acoustic sensing. Due to the pervasiveness of audio devices and fine granularity of acoustic sensing, it has been applied in numerous fields, including human-computer interaction and contact-free health sensing. Though promising, the limited working range hinders the wide adoption of acoustic sensing in real life. To break the sensing range limit, we propose to deploy the acoustic device on a moving platform (i.e., a robot) to support applications that require larger coverage and continuous sensing. In this paper, we propose SonicBot, a system that enables contact-free acoustic sensing under device motion. We propose a sequence of signal processing schemes to eliminate the impact of device motion and then obtain clean target movement information that is previously overwhelmed by device movement. We implement SonicBot using commercial audio devices and conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. Experiment results show that our system can achieve a median error of 1.11 cm and 1.31 mm for coarse-grained and fine-grained tracking, respectively. To showcase the applicability of our proposed system in real-world settings, we perform two field studies, including coarse-grained gesture sensing and fine-grained respiration monitoring when the acoustic device moves along with a robot.
Contactless Monitoring of PPG Using Radar
Authors: Khan Usman Mahmood , Rigazio Luca , Shahzad Muhammad
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we propose VitaNet, a radio frequency based contactless approach that accurately estimates the PPG signal using radar for stationary participants. The main insight behind VitaNet is that the changes in the blood volume that manifest in the PPG waveform are correlated to the physical movements of the heart, which the radar can capture. To estimate the PPG waveform, VitaNet uses a self-attention architecture to identify the most informative reflections in an unsupervised manner, and then uses an encoder decoder network to transform the radar phase profile to the PPG sequence. We have trained and extensively evaluated VitaNet on a large dataset obtained from 25 participants over 179 full nights. Our evaluations show that VitaNet accurately estimates the PPG waveform and its derivatives with high accuracy, significantly improves the heart rate and heart rate variability estimates from the prior works, and also accurately estimates several useful PPG features. We have released the codes of VitaNet as well as the trained models and the dataset used in this paper.
Open-world Machine Learning: Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Parmar Jitendra , Chouhan Satyendra , Raychoudhury Vaskar , Rathore Santosh
Published: September 2022

Traditional machine learning, mainly supervised learning, follows the assumptions of closed-world learning, i.e., for each testing class, a training class is available. However, such machine learning models fail to identify the classes, which were not available during training time. These classes can be referred to asunseen classes. Open-world Machine Learning (OWML) is a novel technique, which deals with unseen classes. Although OWML is around for a few years and many significant research works have been carried out in this domain, there is no comprehensive survey of the characteristics, applications, and impact of OWML on the major research areas. In this article, we aimed to capture the different dimensions of OWML with respect to other traditional machine learning models. We have thoroughly analyzed the existing literature and provided a novel taxonomy of OWML considering its two major application domains: Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing. We listed the available software packages and open datasets in OWML for future researchers. Finally, the article concludes with a set of research gaps, open challenges, and future directions.
The Opioid Crisis: The War on Drugs Is Over. Long Live the War on Drugs
Authors: Gottschalk Marie
Published: September 2022

A closer examination of media coverage, the response of law enforcement and policy makers, the legislative record, and the availability of proven, high-quality treatments for substance abuse casts doubt on claims that the country pivoted toward public health and harm-reduction strategies to address the opioid crisis because its victims were disproportionately white people. Law enforcement solutions directed at people who use and sell street drugs continue to far outpace public health and harm-reduction strategies. Government support for expanding access to proven treatments for opioid use disorder that save and rebuild lives remains paltry given the scale of this public health catastrophe. And although the rhetoric has been somewhat more sympathetic, at times it rivals the excesses of the crack era. The article examines the various phases of the opioid crisis as they have unfolded over the past 25 years; related geographic and racial shifts in overdose fatalities with each new phase; media coverage of the crisis; the federal government's response, including by the US Congress and presidents from George H.W. Bush to Joe Biden; punitive developments at the state and local levels; and the country's poor record on prevention and making effective treatment widely available for people with substance use disorder.
Decoding the Spermatogenesis Program: New Insights from Transcriptomic Analyses
Authors: Rabbani Mashiat , Zheng Xianing , Manske Gabe L. , Vargo Alexander , Shami Adrienne N. , Li Jun Z. , Hammoud Saher Sue
Published: September 2022

Spermatogenesis is a complex differentiation process coordinated spatiotemporally across and along seminiferous tubules. Cellular heterogeneity has made it challenging to obtain stage-specific molecular profiles of germ and somatic cells using bulk transcriptomic analyses. This has limited our ability to understand regulation of spermatogenesis and to integrate knowledge from model organisms to humans. The recent advancement of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies provides insights into the cell type diversity and molecular signatures in the testis. Fine-grained cell atlases of the testis contain both known and novel cell types and define the functional states along the germ cell developmental trajectory in many species. These atlases provide a reference system for integrated interspecies comparisons to discover mechanistic parallels and to enable future studies. Despite recent advances, we currently lack high-resolution data to probe germ cell–somatic cell interactions in the tissue environment, but the use of highly multiplexed spatial analysis technologies has begun to resolve this problem. Taken together, recent single-cell studies provide an improvedunderstanding of gametogenesis to examine underlying causes of infertility and enable the development of new therapeutic interventions.
Neck muscle activity reflects neural patterns of sequential saccade planning in head-restrained primates
Authors: Basu Debaleena , Sendhilnathan Naveen , Murthy Aditya
Published: September 2022

Gaze shifts, brought about by coordinated eye-head movements through the eye and neck muscle system, are a part of everyday behavior, yet the neuromuscular underpinnings of gaze sequences are unclear. Using a combination of behavioral analyses, neural recordings, and electromyographic recordings, we show that sequential saccade plans developing in neural oculomotor centers can be extracted from the neck muscle activity of head-restrained macaques. Neck motor units, thus provide a readout of central sequence planning signals.
Application of Energy Saving and Environmental Protection Materials in Architectural Design
Authors: Yan Zixiang
Published: September 2022

With the improvement of the living standards of the Chinese people, the construction of the economic system will change from one that meets the needs of the people to one that is perfect. Under the current environment of building a resource-saving socialist harmonious society, it is very necessary for architectural design practitioners to return to the original architectural design and pay attention to the design and use of building materials during construction. The purpose of this paper is to explore and analyze the application of energy saving and environmentally friendly materials in architectural design. This paper firstly analyzes the building’s energy consumption and building’s energy efficiency. Every major achievement in building energy efficiency will be an important means of mitigating the Earth’s energy. Building energy saving has become a major trend of global development, and then the optimal design of reinforcement selection for reinforced concrete beams based on a multiobjective genetic algorithm is discussed. The area of reinforcement required for the member control section is obtained according to the structural analysis program, the main purpose of reinforcement selection is to select safe, economical, and reasonable reinforcement on the premise of meeting the provisions of the code and the requirements of reinforcement structure. Finally, this paper conducts experimental research on the application of phase change energy storage building material SP28 in building energy conservation. The experimental results in this paper show that when the mass ratio of the phase change energy storage material in the wall is less than 15%, there is no wetting and leakage phenomenon. However, when the mass ratio of the phase change energy storage material contained in the wall is greater than 15%, the phenomenon of wetting and leakage will occur, which will cause greater losses when added to the wall. Therefore, it is not suitable for application and building walls. Regardless of leakage, wetting, or economic considerations, the mass ratio of phase change material of 10% is the most suitable for use in walls. It not only has no wetting and no leakage but also has a good energy storage effect and can effectively adjust the ambient temperature.
Improved Design of Engineering Cost Model Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Chen Yu
Published: September 2022

In order to solve the problems of traditional engineering cost model derivation process based on genetic algorithm complex, low convergence efficiency, and low accuracy of cost results, an improved design method of engineering cost model based on improved genetic algorithm is proposed. Through this algorithm, the cost model is optimized, better simulation data is selected, and the cost function model is constructed with the cost of the simulation data. The data parameter value is the accurate cost data calculated by the formula. Practice has proved that the dynamic cost precontrol system based on the improved genetic algorithm can effectively realize the dynamic precontrol of the project cost in the postearthquake building repair construction stage. As the number of cost samples increases, the error rate will gradually decrease, and the precontrol performance is good. Moreover, the flexibility of precontrol is always greater than 95%, and the use limit is only 0.04, which is highly practical and can be used as a reference for cost control of postearthquake building repair construction departments. The designed model can accurately and quickly estimate the project cost.
Dichrocephala integrifolia Aqueous Extract Antagonises Chronic and Binges Ethanol Feeding-Induced Memory Dysfunctions: Insights into Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms
Authors: Yuwong Wanyu Bertrand , Emégam Kouémou Nadège , Sotoing Taiwe Germain , Temkou Ngoupaye Gwladys , Tamanji Ndzweng Linda , Lambou Fotio Agathe , Nguepi Dongmo Mireille Sylviane , Ngo Bum Elisabeth
Published: September 2022

Ethanol consumption is widely accepted despite its addictive properties and its mind-altering effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of Dichrocephala integrifolia against, memory impairment, on a mouse model of chronic and binges ethanol feeding. Mice were divided, into groups of 8 animals each, and received distilled water, Dichrocephala integrifolia aqueous extract (25; 50; 100; or 200 mg/kg) or memantine (200 mg/kg) once a day, while fe, with Lieber-DeCarli control (sham group only) or Lieber-DeCarli ethanol diet ad libitum for 28 days. The Y maze and the novel object recognition (NOR) tests were used to evaluate spatial short-term and recognition memory, respectively. Malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, glutathione levels, and proinflammatory cytokines (Il-1β, TNF-α, and Il-6) were evaluated in brain homogenates following behavioral assessments. The results showed that chronic ethanol administration in mice was associated with a significant (

p
<
0.001

) reduction in the spontaneous alternation percentage and the discrimination index, in the Y maze and the NOR tests, respectively. It significantly (

p
<
0.01

) increased oxidative stress and inflammation markers levels in the brain. Dichrocephala integrifolia (100 and 200 mg/kg) as well as memantine (200 mg/kg) significantly (

p
<
0.001

) increased the percentage of spontaneous alternation and the discrimination index, in the Y maze and NOR tests, respectively. Dichrocephala integrifolia (100 and 200 mg/kg) likewise memantine (200 mg/kg) significantly (

p
<
0.01

) alleviated ethanol-induced increase, in the brain malondialdehyde level, nitric oxide, Il-1β, TNF-α, and Il-6. From these findings, it can be concluded that Dichrocephala integrifolia counteracted memory impairment, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation induced by chronic ethanol consumption in mice.
Data Mining Algorithm for Power User Network Based on Multi-Information Fusion
Authors: Huang Shutong
Published: September 2022

In order to solve the problem of accurately mining the power consumption characteristic data of power users, this paper proposes a research on power user network data mining algorithms based on multi-information fusion. In the past, the mining methods based on neural networks and cure algorithms were affected by noise data, resulting in low mining accuracy. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a user-complex power consumption feature mining method based on the K-means clustering algorithm. In the K-means clustering algorithm, the principle of mining complex power consumption characteristics of users is studied, and the data are cleaned, integrated, and preprocessed by protocol transformation to avoid noise interference. The information entropy principle is used to cluster the matrix to regularize the feature points. According to the complex power consumption characteristics, the power consumption feature points are determined through the cluster, the distance between the clusters is calculated, the power consumption feature information gain is obtained, and the user complex power consumption feature mining is completed. The experimental results show that the mining accuracy of this method is up to 99%, providing users with better quality services. Conclusion. The automatic control performance of the system is good, and the acquisition results are accurate and reliable.
Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis on Molecular Targets and Mechanisms of “Chuanxiong Rhizoma: Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae” Herb Couples in the Treatment of Preeclampsia
Authors: Wei Jing , Xiong Zhihui , Zhu Guang
Published: September 2022

Objective. The aim of the study is to explore the molecular mechanism of activating blood circulation and dispersing stasis herbs in the treatment of pre-eclampsia with Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza. Methods. The chemical composition and targets of Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza were retrieved from the TCMSP database, and a PPI network was constructed for common genes. Subsequently, a graph of the “active component-target-action pathway” was plotted by Cytoscape 3.7.2 and a KEGG pathway enrichment was performed using the R language cluster profiler package. Molecular docking was conducted between the top five PPI targets of Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza. Results. According to network pharmacology, there were 32 target genes, 60 active components, and 59 pathways in Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza, and its most evident effects were exerted on G-protein-coupled amine receptors and the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway. Molecular docking indicated that the target protein had a good binding ability with the drugs. Conclusion. Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza have therapeutic effects in pre-eclampsia, as confirmed by the results of molecular biology analysis. Thus, the Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza regimen provides a basis for the treatment of pre-eclampsia using traditional Chinese medicine.
[Retracted] Reflections on the Discipline Construction Environment of World Literature and Comparative Literature in the Era of Big Data Analysis
Authors: Xu Wen
Published: September 2022

Comparative literature and world literature were originally two independent disciplines, but now they are merged into one. In the era of big data, building an efficient information management method is one of the important contents of university reform. Based on the construction of comparative literature and world literature, this paper applies the DSS (Decision Support System) structure based on data warehouse to the construction of comparative literature and world literature, and constructs the DSS structure of comparative literature and world literature. The related knowledge of DM (data mining) is used for research, and the application design and implementation process of DM are introduced into the subject quality evaluation system. The research shows that the experimental results of NB (Naive Bayes) algorithm will not take too long, about 56.08 s, and the compression ratio is 0.897, when the parameters are basically the same. This model can effectively help schools to analyze data and make decisions, and improve the level of information construction in schools.
Protective Effect of Shengmaiyin in Myocardial Hypertrophy-Induced Rats: A Genomic Analysis by 16S rDNA
Authors: Ming Sitong , Kan Mo , Liu Liu , Zhang Zhuang , Liu Xiaoran , Liu Yaxin , Li Zhen , Zhang Yanhong , Pang Qihang , Lin Jianan , Li Hui , Yang Qing , Sui Xin , Qu Xiaobo , Li Na
Published: September 2022

Background. The gut-cardiac axis theory provides new insights into the complex mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy and provides new therapeutic targets. Cardiac hypertrophy is a risk factor for heart failure. Shengmaiyin (SMY) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula with clear effects in the treatment and prevention of cardiac hypertrophy, but the mechanism by which it improves cardiac hypertrophy is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of SMY on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial hypertrophy in rats. Methods. First, various pharmacodynamic methods were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of SMY on ISO-induced myocardial hypertrophy in rats. Then, 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing technology was used to study the effect of SMY on the intestinal flora of rats with myocardial hypertrophy. Finally, the mechanism underlying the effect of SMY on cardiac hypertrophy was predicted by bioinformatics network analysis and verified by Western blotting. Results. SMY increased ejection fraction (EF%) and left ventricular fractional shortening (FS%), ameliorated myocardial cell injury and fibrosis, regulated blood lipids and energy metabolism, and decreased cardiac hypertrophy marker gene expression. The gut microbiota of ISO-induced myocardial hypertrophy rats were significantly changed, while SMY effectively ameliorated the dysbiosis of the intestinal flora in rats with myocardial hypertrophy, especially Prevotella 9, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium. Mechanistic studies have shown that the anticardiac hypertrophy effect of SMY is related to the inhibition of the expression of HIF1α/PPAR signalling pathway-related proteins. Conclusion. SMY significantly improves cardiac function, relieves myocardial cell fibrosis and necrosis, resists cardiac hypertrophy, improves blood lipid metabolism and energy metabolism, regulates intestinal microbial disturbance, and protects the heart.
Baicalein Induces Apoptosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts through Inactivation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Zhang Xue , Guan Xia , Piao Yingshi , Che Xiangguo , Si Mengge , Jin Jingchun
Published: September 2022

Purpose. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) shows abnormal proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs). Baicalein (BAI), extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis, is used as an anticancer drug through inducing cancer cells apoptosis. However, the mechanism of BAI in RA progression still remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that BAI inhibited FLS proliferation and migration, whereas it enhanced apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in vitro. Methods. Cell viability and colony formation were analyzed by MTT and plate colony formation assays in SW982 cells, respectively. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and western blotting. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), MMP family proteins (MMP2/9), and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway were detected by western blot. Cell migration was detected by scratch healing assay under BAI treatment in SW982 cells. Results. BAI dose-dependently inhibited cell viability and colony forming in SW982 cells. BAI upregulated apoptotic proteins and downregulated EMT-related proteins, resulting in enhanced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell migration in SW982 cells. BAI also dose-dependently inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR. Conclusions. These results indicated that BAI inhibited FLSs proliferation and EMT, whereas induced cell apoptosis through blocking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, supporting clinical application for RA progression.
Research on the Optimization of College Teachers’ Flow Management Strategy under the Support of Artificial Intelligence Technology
Authors: Yang Yannan , Ma Zhengyu
Published: September 2022

In recent years, with the establishment and improvement of the academic labor market system, the flow of college teachers has become more frequent. On the one hand, the rational and orderly flow of teachers, as a social construction, is of great significance for deconstructing the solidification of academic structure and promoting academic development and progress. But on the other hand, we should also see that the disorderly flow of teachers also has a strong destructive effect on destroying the inherent academic structure, leading to vicious competition in the academic labor market, and weakening the willpower of teachers to devote themselves to learning. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the dynamic factors of college teachers’ mobility, scientifically explain the internal mechanism of college teachers’ mobility, promote the improvement of college teachers’ mobility policies, and defend against disorderly mobility such as “poaching wars.” Based on the mobility dynamic model in colleges and universities, this paper puts forward some thoughts on promoting the mobility of college teachers. Colleges can improve the promotion and development channels of teachers and optimize their working conditions. The study also emphasizes on developing basic salary standard of teachers thereby establish a remuneration system for distribution on the basis of their performance. For good measure, they can also stabilize the current teachers while attracting more outstanding talents by exploiting the advantages of location, making more efforts to build high-level disciplines, and offering more favorable conditions for talent introduction.
Association of Plasma Anion Gap with 28-Day Inhospital Mortality and 1-Year Mortality of Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder at ICU Admission: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Pan Yu , Miao Xiaoyang , Jin Ou , Pan Jingye , Dong Yihua
Published: September 2022

Background. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is common in critically ill patients. Plasma anion gap (AG) was known as a feasible parameter and was associated with outcomes of various diseases. This study is intended to explore whether AG is related to 28-day inhospital mortality and 1-year mortality of critically ill patients with AUD. Method. We extracted data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The association of plasma AG with 28-day inhospital mortality and 1-year mortality of critically ill AUD patients was assessed using Cox proportional hazard regression models and stratification analyses, allowing AG as a time-varying covariate in the models. To evaluate the accuracy of AG in predicting different endpoints, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used. Result. Among the 3993 critically ill patients with AUD, AG was positively associated with 28-day inhospital mortality and 1-year mortality after adjusting confounders (

p
<
0.001

for all). Compared with lower AG (<12 mmol/L), patients in different groups (

12
≤
AG
<
14

 mmol/L,

14
≤
AG
<
17

 mmol/L,

17
≤
AG
<
20

 mmol/L, and

AG
≥
20

 mmol/L) had different HRs (95% CIs) for 28-day inhospital mortality (1.105, (0.906, 1.347); 1.171, (0.981, 1.398); 1.320, (1.108, 1.573); and 1.487, (1.254, 1.763), respectively) and 1-year mortality (1.037 (0.898, 1.196); 1.091 (0.955, 1.246); 1.201 (1.052, 1.371); and 1.3093 (1.149, 1.492), respectively). Conclusion. Increased AG is associated with greater 28-day inhospital mortality and 1-year mortality. The effect of AG on all-cause mortality is linear in critically ill AUD patients.
Isolation of Female Germline Stem Cells from Mouse and Human Ovaries by Differential Adhesion
Authors: Saber Maryam , Tavakol Pouya , Esfandiari Fereshteh
Published: September 2022

Spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) counterparts known as female germline stem cells (fGSCs) were found in the mammalian ovary in 2004. Although the existence of fGSCs in the mammalian postnatal ovary is still under controversy, fGSC discovery encourages investigators to better understand the various aspects of these cells. However, their existence is not accepted by all scientists in the field because isolation of fGSCs by fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) has not been reproducible. In this study, we used differential adhesion to isolate and enrich fGSCs from mouse and human ovaries and subsequently cultured them in vitro. fGSCs were able to proliferate in vitro and expressed germ cell-specific markers Vasa, Dazl, Blimp1, Fragilis, Stella, and Oct4, at the protein level. Moreover, mouse and human fGSCs were, respectively, cultured for more than four months and one month in culture. Both mouse and human fGSCs maintained the expression of germ cell-specific markers over these times. In vitro cultured fGSCs spontaneously produced oocyte-like cells (OLCs) which expressed oocyte-relevant markers. Our results demonstrated that differential adhesion allows reproducible isolation of fGSCs that are able to proliferate in vitro over time. This source of fGSCs can serve as a suitable material for studying mechanisms underlying female germ cell development and function.