bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Procesos de acompañamiento psicosocial en el marco del conflicto armado: una revisión crítica de la literatura
Authors: Arango Tobón Mauricio Alexander
Published: March 2021

En el presente artículo se realiza una revisión sobre literatura de procesos de acompañamiento psicosocial en el marco del conflicto armado. Este último es un fenómeno de larga duración en Colombia, de allí que sus consecuencias en la población sean extendidas. En ese panorama los procesos de acompañamiento psicosocial se posicionan como una alternativa para la reparación. El método usado fue la revisión narrativa, y el análisis se realizó a partir de la construcción de cuatro categorías: falencias de los procesos de acompañamiento psicosocial; acompañamiento psicosocial y género; acompañamiento psicosocial y construcción de actores sociales; y, por último, acompañamiento psicosocial, narración y memoria. Algunas de las conclusiones fueron la falta de claridad conceptual de lo psicosocial, cómo los procesos de acompañamiento son condicionados en su diseño e implementación por las instituciones que los ejecutan, la necesidad de diseñar procesos de acompañamiento psicosocial que tengan un componente diferencial más marcado y, por último, una vía interesante de trabajo que permite hacer una articulación entre experiencias psicosociales y memoria.
Tipología de inserción laboral de egresados técnicos en Argentina
Authors: Sosa Mariana Lucía
Published: March 2021

El artículo presenta una tipología de inserción laboral de egresados secundarios de modalidad técnico-profesional (ETP) de Argentina. Con el objeto de observar, de un modo complejo, la incidencia del origen social sobre la inserción laboral y educativa de los egresados, se elaboró una tipología que permitió clasificar y resumir, en un conjunto reducido y significativo de tipos, al conjunto de egresados ETP. En el modelo analítico se consideraron dimensiones vinculadas a la trayectoria educativa, la inserción laboral y las características del hogar de origen de los egresados. El análisis fue elaborado a partir del procesamiento propio de la base de datos del Seguimiento de Egresados, realizado por el Instituto Nacional de Educación Tecnológica (INET). La tipología dio como resultado la conformación de cinco grupos de egresados ETP, con inserciones ocupacionales diferentes. Se utilizaron técnicas estadísticas de análisis factorial de correspondencias múltiples y de análisis de clasificación. Se evidenció la relativa relevancia del factor origen social en las transiciones entre educación y trabajo. Asimismo, se comprobó que, si bien hay reproducción social, también hay heterogeneidad dentro de los egresados ETP, y que en ello inciden los efectos de la modalidad de enseñanza técnico-profesional, de los títulos y de las ramas de actividad en las que se encuentran ocupados.
Ventajas del Operador Económico Autorizado (OEA) a nivel internacional y oportunidades de enseñanza en programas de logística y negocios internacionales
Authors: Palacio Jiménez David , Gómez Montoya Rodrigo Andrés , Montoya Bernal Estefanía
Published: March 2021

La implementación del Operador Económico Autorizado (OEA) ha facilitado el acceso a los mercados extranjeros y contribuido a la productividad de la cadena de suministro internacional, pero en Colombia solamente 41 de 10.853 empresas exportadoras están autorizadas a trabajar como OEA, lo cual ha mostrado su bajo nivel de implementación en el país y una oportunidad para profesionales en formación, de negocios internacionales y logística, de participar como apoyo en el desarrollo de estos programas. El artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar las características del OEA para empresas exportadoras en Colombia y las oportunidades que podría generar su enseñanza en los pregrados mencionados. Se propone una tabla de doble entrada que contiene los requisitos mínimos de seguridad de OEA y su relación con los procesos logísticos en la cadena de suministro internacional para los exportadores. Asimismo, se sugiere una propuesta de implementación académica que permita a los estudiantes de dichos pregrados realizar actividades de consultoría, en pro de fortalecer sus habilidades académicas y prácticas, a partir del contacto con el contexto empresarial real y las necesidades de las cadenas de suministro internacionales.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Fraudulent Financial Reporting with Independent Commissioners as Moderation Variable
Authors: Andalia Andalia , Amiruddin Amiruddin , Pontoh Grace T.
Published: March 2021

Objective - This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of pressure, opportunity, rationalization, ability and arrogance on fraudulent financial reporting with independent commissioners as the moderating variable.
Methodology/Technique - The object of this research is all companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange during 2019. The research sample was obtained through purposive sampling method and resulted in 215 companies. The analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA).
Findings - The results show that pressure, opportunity, rationalization, ability and arrogance had a significant effect on fraudulent financial reporting. The results of the moderation regression analysis show that independent commissioners moderate the effect of pressure and arrogance on fraudulent financial reporting. Meanwhile, independent commissioners did not moderate opportunities, rationalization, and capacity for fraudulent financial reporting.
Novelty - This research contributes to the pentagon fraud theory, which proves that the elements contained in this theory can be used as a basis for analyzing fraud committed by companies, and contributing to the company so that the company's internal control is improved and the presence of an independent board of commissioners is not only a fulfillment of the company's internal control. regulations made by the IDX.
Type of Paper: Empirical.
JEL Classification: G32, M21, M41, M42.

Keywords: Pressure; Opportunities; Rationalization; Arrogance; Fraudulent Financial Reporting

Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Andalia; Amiruddin; Pontoh, G.T. (2021). Analysis of Factors Affecting Fraudulent Financial Reporting with Independent Commissioners as Moderation Variable, Accounting and Finance Review, 5(4): 01 – 12. https://doi.org/10.35609/afr.2021.5.4(1)
Analysis of Changes in the Concentration of Carbon Dioxide in Indoor Air of a Sports University
Authors: Davletova NKh , Tafeeva EA
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Air quality of the premises of a sports university determines comfort and effectiveness of the educational and training processes and can be considered as a risk factor for students’ health. The purpose of our study was to give a hygienic assessment of changes in the indoor CO2 concentration at a sports university during the school day. Materials and methods: Air quality measurements were taken in twelve classrooms, six lecture halls, three sports halls, and a gym. The subjective assessment of air quality in classrooms was analyzed using data of a questionnaire-based survey of 651 students. Results: We found that differences in the proportion of air samples with elevated CO2 concentrations between the rooms were insignificant and ranged from 32 ± 4.66 % to 41.33 ± 2.84 % in the cold season (CS) and from 42.33 ± 2.85 % to 49.33 ± 4.08 % in the warm season (WS). Average CO2 concentrations in non-standard samples were 1,132.11 ± 93.21 ppm and 1,124.98 ± 98.51 ppm in the cold and warm season, respectively. We established that in the cold season, indoor CO2 concentration exceeded the permissible limit in 100 % of the classrooms, 50 % of the lecture halls and the gym already by 3.40 p.m. (15:40); by the end of the school day, the excess was registered in 100 % of the university rooms. In the warm season, CO2 concentrations were above the limit in the gym and in 33.3% of the lecture halls by 1 p.m. (13:00), and by 3.40 p.m. the excess was observed in 100 % of the rooms examined. Subjective air quality assessments indicated that most students often complained about stuffiness in classrooms; 25.25 ± 1.2 % of the respondents mentioned a strong odor in sports halls and the gym. Conclusion: In a significant part of sports university rooms, CO2 concentrations did not exceed permissible values for more than 80 % of school hours. Yet, after the fourth double lesson, this air quality indicator went beyond the standard value, and by the end of the school day indoor concentrations of carbon dioxide were above the permissible limit in 100 % of the university rooms.
Variation of Indicators of Newborn Physical Development as a Manifestation of Adaptive Self-Organization of Their Systems to Changing Environmental Conditions
Authors: Chernova GV , Sidorov VV , Shiryaeva LV
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Many published data on variability of anthropometric characteristics of newborns related to the influence of adverse environmental factors during their antenatal development have been accumulated by now. The purpose of our work was to study the relationship between certain parameters of antenatal physical development of newborns and varying environmental and climatic conditions. Materials and methods: Anthropometric measurements were taken in the delivery room immediately after birth and then assessed against environmental and climatic characteristics of the antenatal period. Results: We established the relationship between the exposure to different environmental and climatic factors, including radiation, during the antenatal period and anthropometric characteristics of the examined newborns. We observed a quantitative variety of signs and found that the body mass was most “sensitive” to the impact of adverse environmental factors. At the same time, the phenogenetic analysis helped establish a significant effect of atmospheric pressure on the body mass. The effects of radiation exposure were, to a greater extent, associated with the signs of influence of both environmental (including the total and ultraviolet radiation – in 57.3 % and 67.8 % of cases, respectively) and genetic factors (in 42.7 % and 32.2 % of cases, respectively). Conclusion: The established genotype-environment effects of exposures to changing environmental and climatic conditions prove the importance of continuing longitudinal observations of the examined infants using a cytogenetic analysis.
Impact of Relative Humidity on COVID-19 Incidence
Authors: Krivosheev VV , Stolyarov AI
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The issue of the influence of external factors such as meteorological conditions on the dynamics of the coronavirus pandemic is extremely relevant, since understanding of physical foundations of any process helps predict its results in specific conditions and, to a certain extent, manage it. Objective: In order to assess the effect of relative humidity on the incidence of COVID-19, we analyzed opinions of the international scientific community about the nature and degree of the influence of meteorological conditions on COVID-19 incidence rates in humans. Materials and methods: We developed an original method of determining the periods of time when the air humidity level influenced disease rates, establishing the lag and the power of influence of the relative air humidity on the infection process and course of the disease. To eliminate the effect of confounders on research results, we applied the author’s method of estimating the conditional incidence as the difference between the theoretical and observed rates. The article presents the results of analyzing the correlation between relative humidity and COVID-19 incidence rates in 19 regions of the Russian Federation. Without exception, all the equations contained two or three extrema of the incidence in time, at which air humidity had the greatest impact on its rates. We associate these extrema with the time of getting infected and the time of disease manifestation and they enable us to quantitatively predict the latent period of this infectious disease in different atmospheric conditions. Conclusion: The observed correlations demonstrate relative humidity levels posing higher and lower risks of getting infected with COVID-19 in various regions of the Russian Federation. By means of mathematical methods, we confirmed the hypothesis about the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment for more than two weeks.
Modern Approach to Assessing Quality of Laboratory Animals Used for Experimental Purposes
Authors: Semakova AP , Germanchuk VG , Shavina NYu
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The main task of conducting a biomedical research is to obtain statistically significant experimental results. The studies with laboratory animals used as test systems are conducted in research organizations. Owing to the introduction of good laboratory practice (GLP) principles into the world practice, stricter requirements have been imposed on the quality of test systems. The purpose of our study was to analyze the regulatory, methodological, and legislative framework governing laboratory research using biomodels in order to update a number of regulatory documents that are mandatory for implementation. Methods: We searched electronic databases of references and abstracts (Web of Science, PubMed, eLibrary) for appropriate keywords and, having reviewed search results, selected 22 literary sources on the topic. Results: We established that, based on existing regulations, specialized institutions develop internal instructions to fulfil their goals and objectives. The presence of a program of standard operating procedures allows experiments to be performed with appropriate quality. The quality of laboratory animals can be affected by unfavorable conditions of keeping, lack of balanced feeding, and violation of sanitary and hygienic standards of care. For different categories of laboratory animals, different requirements are imposed on their housing in accordance with the microbiological status. Institutions are implementing a specially developed program for health monitoring in laboratory animals. Healthy-looking animals are carriers of a number of infectious agents that can distort results of an experiment. Veterinarians specializing in laboratory animals should have knowledge of biomodeling and effects of drugs on physiological and pathological processes in animals and should perform adequate anesthesia during painful manipulations. Only employees with high qualifications and skills in working with animals are authorized to handle biomodels. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that the use of high-quality laboratory animals and standardization of all stages of an experiment ensures a quality research compliant with international standards.
Laser Surface Treatment Effect on Structural Properties for Invar Alloy Type Prepared by Powder Technology
Authors: Abdullah Omar Fadhil , Hussein Orass Abdulhadi , Koleab Rasha Wael
Published: March 2021

This research aimed to prepare iron-nickel alloys via powder technology, because this technology has its physical and commercial importance. Fe and Ni powders were blended into a mixture that was 63% Fe and 37% Ni and then compacted under 6 tons of isostatic cold pressure. Iron and nickel powders were used as tacking mixed together (63% of iron and 37% of nickel), and then compacted isostatic cold pressure at 6 tons. Laser surface treatment was done to samples with different energies (0, 200, 260, and 300 mJ) at a pulse time of 10 seconds and a distance of 100 cm. The x-ray diffraction test indicated that all samples had face-centered cubic, and according to the Debye-Scherrer equation. the 300 mJ sample had the best properties, including increased phase intensity and decreased grain size. The atomic force microsope showed that increasing laser energy also decreased grain size and increased surface softness and homogeneity. laser treatment results indicated an improved in structural properties with increased laser energy, Laser analysis revealed that melting all surface molecules improved structural properties. Specifically, the last treatment (300 mJ) acheaved the best structural properties of the alloy.
Policies of Sustainable Transportation in the Holy City of Karbala
Authors: Alrawi Areej Khairy Othman
Published: March 2021

Policies of Sustainable Transportation in the Holy City of Karbala
Health Hazards Associated with Noise Due to Civil Construction Activity
Authors: Mahdi Jinan F. , Akhter Nazneen , Khan A. Wase , Irfan Shaikh
Published: March 2021

The article objective is to study the health hazards that arise from the noise produced during civil construction activity and to determine the frequency distribution of the noise amplitude using the fast Fourier transform technique. Samples of sound were recorded using standard calibrated recording devices. The samples were analyzed using the fast Fourier transform technique to obtain the frequency distribution of the noise amplitude. The noise power was estimated using the square of the amplitude. The noise amplitude spectra of different samples of noise collected from civil construction sites were successfully determined using the fast Fourier transform technique. It was found that most of the noise produced during civil construction activity was situated within the frequency spectrum to which the human ear is most responsive. The results of this study show that the noise produced during civil construction activity is a type of broadband noise occupying the region of frequencies to which the human ear is most sensitive. Therefore, such noise is capable of causing harm, including hearing impairment, to people in the vicinity of construction sites.
Four-Dimensional Map Reconstruction for Urban Progress Analysis
Authors: Hussein Zahraa E. , Bori Marwa M. , Abbas Layla K.
Published: March 2021

The article describes a simple and low cost methodology of four-dimensional map creation, based on the main elements of the urban world like such as green ground, buildings, soil, water area and others, which makes it possible to detect the urban progress during a certain period using an open source data of Google Earth and geographical information system. This implies that a study of changes in urban elementrequire an integration of spatial information and corresponding real time, which is referred to as the four-dimensional map. Accordingly, the fourth dimensional (time) was added to the three dimensional spatial information (3 dimensional) study area signifies by the University of Baghdad, Aljadrya Campus. Regarding the article, the study area’s urban progress was considered for Google Earth’s available period of the data set that started from 2002 to 2019 at each of 2002, 2005, 2010 in addition to 2019 before being updated from the field observation. The main goal of this article is to provide an important indicator that can be used to determine the nature of current growth and forecast it in the future. Furthermore, it can be used for solving the problems of negative urban progress, which is what most developing countries are experiencing. Findings show significant changes in the main objects of the study area are represented by increasing each of buildings, green grounds, play grounds by about 40.9%, 65.4% and 30.2% respectively, which are offset by decrease insoil grounds of nearly 20.8%.
Tourists’ Satisfaction, Loyalty and Intention to Return: Survey at Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park, Vietnam
Authors: Hai Phan Thanh , Thuong Mai Thi , Quy Nguyen Le Dinh
Published: March 2021

This study was conducted to determine the impact of the destination image and emotional value on the tourists’ satisfaction, loyalty and intention to return to Phong Nha Ke Bang national park, Vietnam. The methods used by the authors include qualitative research and quantitative research based on Cronbach' Alpha, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and Structural Equation Modelling analysis. The study is based on data collected from May to July 2019 through a survey of 270 visitors. Research results show that destination image and emotional value are significantly associated with visitor satisfaction and loyalty and the intention to return. Additionally, there are significant differences between tourist groups in terms of gender and types of foreign and native visitors. In terms of age and income of visitors, the research results show that there are no significant differences. The research results also made recommendations for tourism authorities and local residents and travel companies to enhance satisfaction, loyalty and intention to return of tourists during their visits.
Investigating the Electronic Coefficients in Ne-Hg Mixtures: Comparing a Monte Carlo and Artificial Neural Network Model
Authors: Ali Rafid Abbas , Mater Faten Sajet , Al-Ragehey Asmaa Satar Jeeiad
Published: March 2021

Electron coefficients such as drift velocity, ionization coefficient, mean electron energy and Townsend energy for different concentrations of Hg 0.1%, 1%, 10% and 50% in the Ne-Hg mixture at a reduced electric field were calculated using two approaches taking into account inelastic collisions: The Monte Carlo simulation, and an artificial neural network. The effect of Hg vapor concentration on the electron coefficients showed that insignificant additions of mercury atom impurities to Neon, starting from fractions of a percent, affect the characteristics of inelastic processes and discharge, respectively. The aim of this paper is to explore the new applications of neural networks. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and artificial neural network architecture employed was presented in this work to calculate the electron coefficients for different concentrations of Hg in Ne-Hg mixtures. The artificial neural network has been trained with four models (M1, M2, M3, M4), and analysis of the regression between the values of an artificial neural network and Monte Carlo simulation indicates that the M2 output provided the best perfect correlation at 100 Epochs, and the output data obtained was closest to the target data required through using the different stages of artificial neural network development starting with design, training and testing.
Building Public Trust through Service Quality Based on Leadership and Organizational Culture
Authors: Tahir Daswati , Hattab Syahruddin , Mappatoba Mustainah
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify the building of public trust through service quality based on leadership and organizational culture in the offices of regional government in the city of Palu, Sulawesi Tengah. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling, but because this study used Structural Equation Modeling analysis, the number of samples was 200 respondents. The study results indicated the following: (1) leadership style directly affects service quality, (2) organizational culture directly affects service quality, (3) leadership style directly affects trust, (4) organizational culture directly affects trust, and (5) service quality directly affects trust. Based on these findings, it may be concluded that any change or variation in the public trust was affected by leadership style, organizational culture, and service quality. This research results in a new model of the relationships among leadership style, organizational culture, and service quality that should be included in the strategic planning of human resources development to increase the public trust; however, the model can be used by governments and other organizations to increase the public trust by considering variables used in this research.
Optimization of Symmetrical Airfoils of the Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Sutanto Hadi , Lu Chin-Tu , Chaiyadi Hodik
Published: March 2021

The vertical-axis wind turbine has an advantage over the horizontal-axis wind turbine because of its structural simplicity due to the independence of motion in wind direction. This article describes a new idea on how to develop the Darrieus vertical-axis wind turbine by modifying the angle of attack and adding airfoils on the wind turbine. The wind turbine has a symmetrical airfoil of NACA 0012 with three-double blade configurations to optimize the performance of the vertical shaft wind turbine. A computational fluid dynamics technique was used to understand the impact of variations of wind velocity on the angle of attack and additional distance of airfoil in turbulence intensity based on the contour of wind velocity passing the wind turbine. Using this method, the authors showed that the results of the study in turn with the variation of wind velocity, different angle of attack and additional distance of airfoil have an effect on the values of lift and drag coefficient. The highest value of the coefficient of lift is 4.1, followed by the coefficient of drag which is 0.79 at 0.3 m with the angle of attack at -4o, the wind velocity is 9.428 m/s and the result of the highest torque is 0.57 Nm which has a coefficient of performance of 1.3%.
Local Knowledge of North Sumatera Coastal Communities on Sustainable Mangroves Identification and Types
Authors: Aulia Farid , Badaruddin  , Harahap R. Hamdani , Utomo Budi
Published: March 2021

This study aims to identify local community knowledge of mangrove ecosystems and to analyze mangrove utilization in accordance with local community knowledge. The authors utilized a descriptive qualitative method using the cultural ecology approach by Steward as a unit of analysis. In this study, knowledge refers to the ability to identify the amount and type of mangrove vegetation that has been handed down to residents for generations in different cultural forms. Communities in Jaring Halus mention plant vegetation in two broad categories, namely wood and staples. “Wood” and “staples” are the local terms used by residents of Jaring Halus Village to refer to all plants, regardless of whether they produce fruit for harvest. The diversity of community knowledge in Nagalawan Village regarding mangrove vegetation is slightly different from what is owned by the community in Jaring Halus Village. Mangroves are plants that can not live single because of its function as a ocean waves. Therefore, in one mangrove area, at least four types of plants will typically be found. This condition is a direct result of extensive deforestation in the mangrove areas of Sei Nagalawan Village.
Safety Analysis of Gas Pressure in a Subcritical Assembly for Molybdenum-99 Production System
Authors: Nazarudin Muhammad Anas , Mahmudah Rida S.N. , Widiatmono Restu , Nugroho Kuncoro A. , Khakim Azizul
Published: March 2021

The Subcritical Assembly for Molybdenum-99 Production system is a subcritical system fueled by uranium nitrate, which utilizes the Kartini reactor’s beam port as the neutron source. One of the problems in using uranium nitrate fuel involves the radiolysis reactions and gaseous fission products that form in the cavity above the Subcritical Assembly for Molybdenum-99 Production fuel tube, resulting in a buildup of pressure. To address this issue, this study examined the total accumulated gas pressure in each Subcritical Assembly for Molybdenum-99 Production tube contributed by gaseous fission products and water radiolysis by neutron and gamma radiation during 7 days of operation. Examinations were performed by combining the Subcritical Assembly for Molybdenum-99 Production and Kartini reactor geometry to obtain the burnup power using a tally within the Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended code. Subcritical Assembly for Molybdenum-99 Production system was then simulated for 7 days with the obtained burnup power with the same code. Outputs from the code were then calculated and analyzed to determine the total accumulated pressure on each fuel tube from each of the pressure contributors. This research showed that the maximum accumulated pressures were 0.45 atm and 0.5 atm for Kartini reactor’s power of 100 kW and 110 kW, respectively. These pressures are lower than the atmospheric pressure; hence, the current Subcritical Assembly for Molybdenum-99 Production system can be operated safely for 7 days.
Estimation of Aircraft Emissions Growth and Emission Mapping during Cruise Flights (Jakarta–Surabaya Route)
Authors: Adnani Ahmad Luay , Sekartadji Ratih , Ahyudanari Ervina
Published: March 2021

Air transportation services and aviation activities have continued to increase over the past decade, thereby contributing significantly to air pollution and climate change. These effects are predicted to worsen should no initiatives be implemented to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In consideration of this issue, this study was conducted to determine the amount of fuel consumed and the volume of emissions produced by each aircraft during cruise flight from Jakarta to Surabaya, the busiest domestic flight route in Indonesia. It examined previously projected annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and ascertained the form of emission distribution in the industry to provide an overview of the growth in Green House Gas emissions that can impact climate change. In this study, estimation of aircraft fuel consumption and emissions is calculated using International Civil Aviation Organization’s Carbon Emissions Methodology. The data used in this study are flight schedules and air transport statistics. Forecasting uses aircraft emission data which is converted to emissions per passenger. Results showed that CO2 is the gas most substantially emitted by aviation, with flights in 2019 emitting a total of 374.785.206 kg of the substance. Forecasts for 2030 yielded an emissions volume of 612.742.509 kg. Under a scenario wherein emission reduction efforts involve replacing old aircraft with a new fleet, projected emissions for 2030 amounted to 490.194.007 kg. In a situation wherein fleet replacement is combined with the use of biofuels, the estimated emissions decreased to 465.684.307 kg. This value, compared with the levels achieved through existing initiatives, reflect emissions reduction by 24%.
Anaerobic Digestion Process for the Treatment of Sisdole Landfill Leachate in Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Bikash , Koirala Shilpa
Published: March 2021

Along with the population, organic waste has been rising significantly in recent years. The resulting uncontrollable waste loads and conventional methods of waste treatment have begun to cause chaos at the landfill sites. This study evaluates the performance of an anaerobic digestion process using batch reactors for the treatment of landfill leachate collected from the Sisdole landfill site in Nuwakot, Nepal. A lab-scale anaerobic batch reactor was set up in Kathmandu University, Nepal. Using an anaerobic digestion process, COD values of the leachate decreased from 2230 mg/l to 1125 mg/l (removal efficiency of ~50%), whereas total solids concentration decreased from 1925 to 925 mg/L under a retention time of 10 days. In addition, Monod’s model was established to design an Anaerobic Sequential Batch Reactor to achieve better performance, resulting in 85% removal efficiency for the leachate treatment. Overall, this study analyzed the anaerobic digestion process on the landfill leachate of Sisdole, and modeled the process to identify the conditions required for increasing the efficiency of treatment of Sisdole landfill leachate.
Determinants of the Labor Wages Disparity and their Problems in Makassar City, Indonesia
Authors: Madris  , Sabir  , Dianasari Nur
Published: March 2021

This study is aimed at analyzing wage disparity based on socio-demographic characteristics, education, work experience, and types of work, as well as the use of income in the labor households’ economy. The survey method was used for the research with a proportional sampling of 300 respondents. in Makassar City. Data analysis was performed by multiple linear regressions. The results of this study indicated a gender-based and education-based wage disparity. However, this study did not reveal a disparity in terms of marital status. Work experience was not a significant factor for determining wages. The lowest-paying jobs were for market employees, followed by dock workers, construction workers, and shop employees, and with public transit employees receiving the highest wages. Simultaneously, the findings of this study revealed relative disparities in labor costs in Makassar City. The consumption pattern of labor households was also dominated by expenditure for food consumption (65.51%), which indicates that labor households were relatively poor. However, they tried to save about 32.56% of their total household income each month.
The Regulations Concept of Alak Landfill and Surrounding Areas of Kupang City
Authors: Neonufa Suliha N.I. , Tualaka Theodora M.C.
Published: March 2021

The article describes the spatial concept that can be used for regulations of Alak landfill's surrounding areas. The Alak landfill sub-district was built in 1997. Landfill operations started in 1998, with the main dumping facilities having an area of 9.14 Ha in Kupang City. In 2018, Alak landfill produced 100 tons of waste, increasing during rainy seasons, and impacting the surrounding environmental areas. To plan for this increase, a planning concept was needed based on the Alak Landfill’s existing use as a controlled landfill. Based on observations of the potential impact to surrounding areas of Alak landfill, focus was identified as mobilization of labor operations, waste treatment, dump trucks, and leachate treatment facilities. The negative impacts of this plan are mostly interrelated with leachate, dust, scattered waste, and health precautions in the slums in the surrounding areas. Considering the existing site, we used SWOT for analysis strategies, and focused on reducing the negative impact to surrounding areas. Our method results are a spatial concept for the surrounding area of the landfill, and allow use of the buffer zone and limited cultivation zone as the stipulated strategies for the Alak landfill reserved area. Peraturan Menteri No. 19.PRT/M/2012 tentang Penataan Ruang Kawasan Sekitar TPA sampah is the law about land use for the surrounding areas, along with the buffer zone and limited cultivation zone. Using the abovementioned strategies, the results can be used to improve the effectiveness of solutions, and reduce the negative impact to Alak landfill's surrounding areas.
Shielded Metal Arc and Thermite Welding Effect to Residual Stress, Hardness and Crack of R54-Rail Weld Joint
Authors: Yurianto  , Haryadi Gunawan Dwi , Nugroho Sri , Sulardjaka  , Widayanto Susilo Adi
Published: March 2021

The heating and cooling at the end of the welding process can cause residual stresses that are permanent and remain in the welded joint. This study aims to evaluate the magnitude and direction of residual stresses on the base metal and heat-affected zone of rail joints welded by the manual shielded metal arc and thermite welding. This research supports the feasibility of welding for rail. The material used in this study is the R-54 rail type, and the procedure used two rail samples of one meter long each, welded using manual shielded metal arc welding and thermite welding. The base metal and heat-affected zone of the welded joints were scanned with neutron ray diffraction. The scan produces a spectrum pattern and reveals the direction of the residual stress along with it. We found the strain value contained in both types of welded joints by looking at the microstrain values, which we obtained using the Bragg equation. The results show that the magnitude and direction of the residual stress produced by manual shielded metal arc welding and thermite welding are not the same. Thermite welding produces lower residual stress (lower crack susceptibility) than manual shielded metal arc welding. The melt's freezing starts from the edge to the center of the weld to create random residual stresses. The residual stress results of both the manual shielded metal arc welding and thermite welding are still below the yield strength of the base metal.
Factors Affecting Real Estate Prices – Evidence From Macroeconomic Data In Vietnam
Authors: Yen Nguyen Thi Hoang , Hung Nguyen Thanh , Duc Le Doan Minh , Thuy Vo Hoang Ngoc , Thuy Ngo Thi My
Published: March 2021

The real estate market is important in socio-economic life and is even more important for countries with open, transition, and developing economies like Vietnam. The price of real estate is an important factor in the market and is affected by many macroeconomic factors. Using quarterly data from the first quarter of 2005 to the fourth quarter of 2018, the authors construct realistic test pattern matching purposes, requires analysis and possibility of possible sources of data collected in Vietnam on the relationship between real estate price index and factors of economic growth, inflation, money supply and average long-term lending rate in the market. Experimental results demonstrate that these macroeconomic factors have a significant impact on real estate prices in Vietnam. From here, the article provides macroeconomic policy implications for the State of Vietnam in stabilizing real estate commodity prices in particular and developing the real estate market in general.
Filozofia w szkołach jezuickich w Polsce w XVI wieku
Authors: Obirek Stanisław
Published: March 2021

Le livre traite de la philosophie enseignee au XVIᵉ siècle dans les collèges des jesuites en Pologne et en Lituanie (qui constituaient alors un seul Royaume), c'est-a-dire de l a philosophie strictement „scolastique" et de la philosophie liee directement a I'enseignement, done de la nhilosonhie an sens strict du mot.
Jezuici a polski sarmatyzm
Authors: Obirek Stanisław
Published: March 2021

Jezuici nie mieli łatwej drogi do Polski. Wprawdzie niektórzy biskupi, tacy jak Stanisław Hozjusz czy jego późniejszy następca na biskupstwie warmińskim: Marcin Kromer, czynili starania u władz rzymskich, by ich do Rzeczypospolitej sprowadzić, widząc w nich skuteczne narządzie pomocne przy wprowadzaniu w życie reform Soboru Trydenckiego, lecz starania te były raczej odosobnione i nie znajdywały większego zrozumienia w ówczesnym episkopacie, o innych grupach społecznych nie wspominając.
Das Suchen des Menschen nach sich selbst. Personale und persönliche Philosophie Edith Steins
Authors: Machnacz Jerzy
Published: March 2021

Der Lebenslauf Edith Steins (1891-1942) ist vielen Menschen bekannt. Viele wissen, daß sie bei Edmund Husserl, einem der bedeutendsten Philosophen des 20. Jahrhunderts, studierte und mit einer ausgezeichneten Arbeit promovierte, daß sie vom Judentum zum
Christentum konvertierte, daß sie im KZ-Lager Auschwitz umgebracht wurde. Vom Papst Johannes Paul II. wurde sie zuerst selig, dann heilig gesprochen und auf der Schwelle in das dritte Jahrtausend zur Patronin
Europas erhoben.
Periechontologia: wiedza o tym, co obejmujące jako podstawowa wiedza filozofii w myśleniu Karla Jaspersa
Authors: Michalski Karol
Published: March 2021

Podstawowy wiedzy filozoficzny nazywa Karl Jaspers (1883-1969) „wiedzy o tym, co obejmujące (Umgreifendes)”. Przy przedstawieniu podstawowej wiedzy filozoficznej nie chodzi Jaspersowi o określenie tego, czym jest byt w ogóle. Nie chodzi mu o zbudowanie jakiejś nauki o bycie. W podstawowej filozoficznej wiedzy, w rozumieniu Jaspersowskim, chodzi o otwarcie przestrzeni, w której byt może nas napotkać. To przedsięwzięcie wyraża także nazwa „periechontologia", pochodząca od starogreckich pojęć periéchon i logos, która oznacza „naukę o tym, co obejmujące". Sens periechontologii nie leży w dostarczeniu jakiejś nowej ontologii, ale w zmianie świadomości rozumienia bytu. Byt rozumiany jako to, co obejmujące, według Jaspersa, nie może stać się przedmiotem poznania naukowego. Ten byt nie jest ani przedmiotem, ani podmiotem. On obejmuje jedno i drugie. Możemy go napotkać w różnych sposobach bycia, które mają charakter bytu tego, co obejmujące.
Polska filozofia wobec encykliki „Fides et ratio", Toruń 19-21.04.1999. Materiały Konferencji [Polish Philosophy Faces the Encyclical „Fides et ratio". Toruń, April 19th-21st, 1999. The Proceedings from the Conference Held at the University of Toruń]
Authors: Mądel Krzysztof
Published: March 2021

The encyclical Fides et ratio: On the Relationship Between Faith and Reason, written by Pope John Paul II in the summer of 1998 and published in the Vatican City 14th September of the same year, received
considerable amount of commentaries in Poland. Several different volumes have already appeared: there are proceedings of some scientific meetings (Wiara i rozum na progu trzeciego tysiąclecia. Materiały na I Krajową Konferencję z cyklu Nauka na przełomie wieków, 6 maja 1999, Szczecin, Wydaw. Naukowe US, 1999, pp. 177; Wiara i rozum. Refleksje nad encykliką Jana Pawta II Fides et ratio. Zbiór przemówień i referatów z sesji naukowej. KUL 21 stycznia 1999, ed. by Gabriel Witaszek, Lublin 1999, KUL, pp. 160), some collected works (Rozum i wiara mowią do mnie. Wokół encykliki Jana Pawta II Fides et ratio, ed. by Krzysztof Mądel, Kraków 1999, WAM, pp. 263; Na skrzydtach wiary i rozumu, ed. by Ignacy Dec, Wroclaw, 1999, PFT, pp. 232), and a special, philosophical edition of the monthly review „Znak" (No. 527, 4/1999).
Eduard Spranger (1882-1963) i jego filozofia społeczna na tle historii Niemiec
Authors: Jopek Stanisław
Published: March 2021

Eduard Spranger ujął program swojego życia w następujących słowach: „zgłębiać siły duchowe i uwarunkowania człowieka, które drzemią w jego wnętrzu, pragnąc je chronić i próbować je kształtować". Sam przyznaje, że stoi on jakby pomiędzy trzema dyscyplinami naukowymi: filozofią, psychologią i pedagogiką. Biorąc jednak pod uwagę jego wkład w rozwój tych trzech dyscyplin, należałoby wymienić je w odwrotnej kolejności.
Krzysztof Stachewicz. W poszukiwaniu podstaw moralności. Tomistyczna etyka prawa naturalnego a etyka wartości Dietricha von Hildebranda
Authors: Bremer Józef
Published: March 2021

Der Schwerpunkt der wissenschaftlichen Forschung von Krzysztof Stachewicz (Dozent am Institut für Christliche Philosophie der Adam-Mickiewicz-Universität in Posen) liegt im Bereich der thomistischen und fenomenologischen Ethik. Das vorliegende Buch spiegelt diesen Interessenkreis des Autors wieder und es stellt zwei, auf den ersten Blick weit auseinander liegende Auffassungen über Ethik und Moral kritisch gegenüber: die Theorie des Naturrechts und die klassische Wertethik. Die beiden bilden zugleich zwei führende Traditionen, wenn es um die Begründung der Moral geht. Die Ethik des Naturrechts gründet in einer objektiven Ordnung und stützt die Moral auf die - wie der Autor es nennt - Seinsgrundlage (obiectum). Die klassische Wertethik geht bei der Begründung von einer subjektiven Basis aus und konzentriert sich auf die Analysen des Subiektes (subiectum). Die erste Auffassung der Ethik ist ihres Wesens nach naturalistisch, die zweite intuitionistisch.
Jerzy Perzanowski ed. Izydora Dąmbska (1904-1983). Materiały z sympozjum, „Non est necesse vivere, necesse est philosophar" Kraków, 18-19 grudnia 1998 r.
Authors: Bremer Józef
Published: March 2021

„Es gibt Leute, deren Biographien den alten Grundsatz des Virgil bestätigen: labor omnia vincit improbus - beharrliche Arbeit überwindet alles." Dieser Satz, der aus dem Einband des vorliegenden Buches stammt, kann zugleich als Motto über das Leben und Werk der Philosophin Izydora Dąmbska (1904-1983) geschrieben werden. Sie war Schülerin und letzte Assistentin von Kazimierz Twardowski, dem Begründer der Lemberger-Warschauer-Schule, einer der bedeutendsten philosophischen Schulen des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts.
Twardowski war in Wien Schüler von Franz Brentano gewesen, dessen Denken auf die genannte Schule großen Einfluß ausgeübt hat. Die Schule wurde im Jahre 1895 gegründet, als Twardowski nach Lwow (Lemberg) kam.
John R. Searle. Umysł na nowo odkryty [The Rediscovery of the Mind, 1992]
Authors: Szafran Aneta
Published: March 2021

„Chciałbym poddać krytyce i przezwyciężyć obie tradycje intelektualne, które odgrywają dominującą rolę w badaniach nad umysłem: materialistyczną i dualistyczną. Ponieważ sądzę, że świadomość jest podstawowym zjawiskiem mentalnym, chciałbym zainicjować gruntowne badania nad świadomością, które czyniłyby zadość rygorom, jakie dyktują jej specyficzne własności. Chciałbym również wbić ostatni gwóźdź do trumny teorii głoszącej, że umysł jest programem komputerowym. Wreszcie, zamierzam wysunąć kilka propozycji dotyczących zreformowania naszych badań nad zjawiskami mentalnymi, abyśmy mogli żywic uzasadnione nadzieje na powtórne odkrycie umysłu". Akapit ten pochodzi z wprowadzenia do książki Johna Searle'a Umysł na nowo odkryty. Czy cele stawiane przez autora zostały w pracy osiągnięte?
Treue zur Wirklichkeit
Authors: Machnacz Jerzy
Published: March 2021

„Bekannte Unbekannte" - unter diesem Titel veröffentlichte Helmut Kuhn nach dem Tod von Hedwig Conrad-Martius einen Nachruf. Der Titel entsprach damals der wahren Situation und hat bis heute nichts
von seiner Gültigkeit verloren. Bekannt ist, daß Conrad-Martius als eine sehr begabte Schülerin Husserls aus dessen Göttinger Zeit sich für eine realistische Position der Phänomenologie entschieden hatte und
eine ontologische Phänomenologie entwarf. Nach einer reichen Schaffensperiode folgte um die Mitte der zwanziger Jahre eine längere Pause, in der ihr die Wirklichkeit des christlichen Glaubens aufging; das Leben aus dem Glauben wurde für sie wichtiger als Philosophieren. Als sie um 1930 wieder zu philosophieren begann, waren dafür die äußere Umstände, politische und damit verbunden soziale und wirtschaftliche
Ereignisse, alles andere als günstig Das Ende des zweiten Weltkriegs brachte eine erneute Wende in ihrem Leben; in kurzen Abständen erschienen jetzt ihre Bücher, und sie unterrichtete an der Münchener
Universität. Trotzdem wird ihre Philosophie nicht in dem Maße diskutiert, wie sie es verdienen würde, und einige ihrer wichtigsten Arbeiten sind noch unveröffentlicht. Dasselbe gilt für die Arbeiten über ihre Philosophie.
The project on formulating axioms of efficient causality by means of the prepositional variables calculus
Authors: Dorda Jan
Published: March 2021

The simplest axioms, formulated by medieval scholastics as rules of inference between potency and act, are also axioms concerning causality as they express some potency-act relations. These are: Ab esse ad posse
valet illatio. A non posse ad non esse valet illatio. A posse ad esse non valet illatio. A non esse ad non posse non valet illatio. The project on formulating axioms of efficient causality by means of the prepositional variables calculus does not mean of course that we try to create a complete theory of causality. We will, for the moment show that the quantification of the concepts „potency-act" by means of the concepts „set-element" or „parameter-specific numerical value" is very useful. We will also point out, intuitively, as an experiment, the logical operators which are linked very closely with such concepts as implication, potentiality (i.e. variability), act, set, specific numeric value.