bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A mathematical model for evaluating adhesion contact of an elastomeric seal-on-seal structure
Authors: Liao C-J , Lu H-R , Sun H-L , Chang X-H , Dai W
Published: July 2021

For low impact docking systems (LIDS) developing for rendezvous and docking of spacecraft, the main interface docking seal (MID seal) is one of the key components, and its seal and adhesion performances are crucial for mating LIDS-adapted spacecrafts. An elastomeric seal-on-seal structure is one of the mainstream designs of the MID seal and is generally made of silicone rubbers that can adapt to complex space environments. For the MID seal of seal-on-seal structure, the adhesion performance has been confirmed to have significant effects on the separation reliability of mating spacecrafts. By analyzing the sealing and adhesive mechanisms of the MID seal that is an elastomeric seal-on-seal structure, an adhesive contact model of single rough peak is derived on the grounds of Johnson, Kendall and Roberts (JKR) theory. Utilizing the asperities model and the adhesive contact model of single rough peak, an adhesive contact model of the elastomeric seal-on-seal structure is further proposed. The experiments were performed to verify the adhesion model, and the satisfied consistencies were presented in the comparative studies of the experimental data and the calculated data. Based on the proposed mathematical model, the simulation analyses were performed to disclosure adhesive performances of the MID seal. The influence rules of some parameters on adhesive performances were presented, including material parameters, geometric parameters, and parameters of surface morphology. The research findings are proven to be favorable for the design, machining, assemblage and actual service of the MID seal, and can be also used for other elastomeric seals.
An experimental modelling and performance validation study: Top gas pressure tracking system in a blast furnace using soft computing methods
Authors: Tunckaya Yasin
Published: July 2021

The blast furnace is a master iron-producing plant of iron and steel factories and affected by several process parameters as well as top gas pressure , which is a key process control phenomenon to maintain stability and operational productivity in such plants. Blast furnace operation is not tolerant to any interruption, unbalanced operations, momentary disturbances or loss of control due to its nature of intensive chemical reactions and heat balance requirements. Consequently, it is crucial to monitor and control top gas system components of the furnace with instrumentation measurements to maintain stable, efficient operation and system safety ongoing. In this study, a novel top gas pressure tracking system is developed using the chronologically obtained live process data of Erdemir BF#2 in Turkey. Eight process parameters are considered as input parameters as per the plant maintenance team's recommendations and soft computing methods, artificial neural networks and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system are employed and a statistical regression tool, autoregressive integrated moving average, is also applied for comparison. Performance and success ratio analysis is carried out using coefficient of determination ( R2), mean absolute percentage error and root mean squared error terms. The best performing model output for the adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system is found to be 0.95, 1.21 and 0.023, and slightly lower performance is obtained for the artificial neural network model with the output values of 0.94, 0.029 and 1.32 against R2, mean absolute percentage error and root mean squared error terms, respectively. The maximum prediction error is found to be 9.85% and 10.2%, and the average prediction error is found to be 1.19% and 1.29% for adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system and ANN models, respectively, for optimum simulations. The proposed neuro-fuzzy-driven top gas pressure prediction system is unique in the literature and should be integrated into existing control systems to improve operational awareness and sustainability or can be used as input guidance for a possible future top gas recovery system.
BIM based decision-support tool for automating design to fabrication process of freeform lattice space structure
Authors: Haghir Saeid , Haghnazar Ramtin , Saghafi Moghaddam Sara , Keramat Danial , Matini Mohammad Reza , Taghizade Katayoon
Published: July 2021

Complex freeform surfaces and structures are increasingly designed and used in the product and building industry due to the advances in mathematics and digital design tools. However, there is still a gap between designing freeform surfaces and fabricating them. The process of preparing freeform surfaces’ shop drawings is complicated, time-consuming, and lacks the mutual understanding among the stakeholders. Computational design and Building Information Modeling (BIM) can serve as a mediator agent for the integration of design goals with the geometric logic of constructability. They can also facilitate creating platforms for designing and evaluating freeform structures. This open-ended qualitative research attempts to develop a systematic methodology for automating the design and construction drafting process of freeform lattice space structure. Solving this complex geometric problem aims to benefit the design for construction and manufacturers and shrink the cost and time of the process. The study employs a 3D computer-aided design (CAD) tool and introduces an algorithm that generates a BIM model. The BIM model contains shop drawings and suggests the specifications of the main elements, such as beams, glass panels, and nodes.
Ophthalmologic manifestations in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies: Beware of iatrogenic complications
Authors: Menet Justine , Agrinier Nelly , Dufrost Virginie , Conart Jean-Baptiste , Wahl Denis , Duprez Karine Angioi , Zuily Stéphane
Published: July 2021

Background

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by several clinical manifestations such as venous and arterial thrombosis associated with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Several studies confirmed that retinal vein occlusion was the most common APS ocular manifestation. The purpose of this study was to identify ophthalmologic manifestations in a homogeneous cohort of well-defined persistently aPL-positive patients and to determine variables associated with these manifestations.

Methods

APL-positive patients were selected from two research programs. All ophthalmologic manifestations including those related to APS were recorded.

Results

A total of 117 patients were included and 10 of them had APS-related ophthalmologic manifestations (glaucoma, hydroxychloroquine-related maculopathy, anterior acute uveitis, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) (OR = 3.4[95%CI; 0.9-12.7), corticosteroids (OR = 9.0 [95%CI; 2.2-37.7]) and aPL-related nephropathy (OR = 7.1 [95%CI; 1.7-30.0]) were significatively associated with the risk of APS-related ophthalmologic manifestations.

Conclusion

Most of ocular manifestations in this study were iatrogenic related to corticosteroids or hydroxychloroquine. Patients with SLE, small vessel thrombosis in general, or with aPL-related nephropathy in particular, seemed at higher risk to develop APS-related ophthalmologic manifestations thus deserving adequate monitoring.
The relationship between the modified National Institute of Health activity and chronicity scoring system, and the long-term prognosis for lupus nephritis: A retrospective single-center study
Authors: Nakagawa Shiori , Toyama Tadashi , Iwata Yasunori , Oshima Megumi , Ogura Hisayuki , Sato Koichi , Yamamura Yuta , Miyakawa Taro , Kitajima Shinji , Hara Akinori , Sakai Norihiko , Shimizu Miho , Wada Takashi
Published: July 2021

Background

The revision of International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) classification guidelines for lupus nephritis (LN) was suggested by a working group, who recommended a modified National Institute of Health (NIH) activity and chronicity scoring system to evaluate active and chronic LN lesions. However, whether this approach was useful for estimating long-term prognosis for LN patients is unclear.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study in Japanese subjects with biopsy-proven LN, between 1977 and 2018. Pathologic lesions were evaluated based on ISN/RPS 2003 classifications and the modified NIH scoring system. Patients were grouped by activity index (low, 0–5; moderate, 6–11; high, 12–24), and chronicity index (low, 0–2; moderate, 3–5; high, 6–12). The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) or all-cause death, and the secondary outcome was ESKD alone.

Results

Sixty-six subjects with a median age of 31 years were included. During median follow-up (11.5 years), 15 patients reached the primary outcome: 10 had ESKD, four had died, and one had ESKD and died. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the cumulative primary outcome incidence increased with a higher chronicity index (log-rank trend p < 0.001). From multivariable survival analysis, moderate (hazard ratio [HR] 6.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14 to 33.20; p = 0.034) and high chronicity indices (HR 20.20, 95% CI 1.13 to 359.82; p = 0.041) were risk factors for the primary outcome.

Conclusion

Moderate and high chronicity indices were associated with an increased ESKD risk for LN.
Methyl donor micronutrients, CD40-ligand methylation and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: A cross-sectional association study
Authors: Vordenbäumen Stefan , Sokolowski Alexander , Rosenbaum Anna , Gebhard Claudia , Raithel Johanna , Düsing Christina , Chehab Gamal , Richter Jutta G , Brinks Ralph , Rehli Michael , Schneider Matthias
Published: July 2021

Objective

Hypomethylation of CD40-ligand (CD40L) in T-cells is associated with increased disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We therefore investigated possible associations of dietary methyl donors and products with CD40L methylation status in SLE.

Methods

Food frequency questionnaires were employed to calculate methyl donor micronutrients in 61 female SLE patients (age 45.7 ± 12.0 years, disease duration 16.2 ± 8.4 years) and compared to methylation levels of previously identified key DNA methylation sites (CpG17 and CpG22) within CD40L promotor of T-cells using quantitative DNA methylation analysis on the EpiTYPER mass spectrometry platform. Disease activity was assessed by SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Linear regression modelling was used. P values were adjusted according to Benjamini & Hochberg.

Results

Amongst the micronutrients assessed (g per day), methionine and cysteine were associated with methylation of CpG17 (β = 5.0 (95%CI: 0.6-9.4), p = 0.04; and β = 2.4 (0.6-4.1), p = 0.02, respectively). Methionine, choline, and cysteine were additionally associated with the mean methylation of the entire CD40L (β = 9.5 (1.0-18.0), p = 0.04; β = 1.6 (0.4-3.0), p = 0.04; and β = 4.3 (0.9-7.7), p = 0.02, respectively). Associations of the SLEDAI with hypomethylation were confirmed for CpG17 (β=-32.6 (-60.6 to -4.6), p = 0.04) and CpG22 (β=-38.3 (-61.2 to -15.4), p = 0.004), but not the mean methylation of CD40L. Dietary products with the highest impact on methylation included meat, ice cream, white bread, and cooked potatoes.

Conclusions

Dietary methyl donors may influence DNA methylation levels and thereby disease activity in SLE.
Playing With Peers: Exploring Peer Support Mechanisms of a Type 2 Diabetes-Specific Board Game
Authors: Lindgreen Pil , Stenov Vibeke , Willaing Ingrid , Basballe Henning Grubb , Joensen Lene Eide
Published: July 2021

In this study, we explored specific mechanisms of a board game developed to facilitate peer support among people with Type 2 diabetes attending group-based diabetes education. The game was tested with 76 people with Type 2 diabetes who participated in focus groups after the game. Data from observations of audio-recorded games and focus groups were analyzed using Interpretive Description. Six mechanisms facilitating peer support among people with Type 2 diabetes were identified: (a) entering a safe space of normality created by emotional in-game mirroring; (b) mutual in-game acknowledgment of out-of-game efforts; (c) forming relationships through in-game humor; (d) health care professionals using game rules to support group dialogues of interest to people with Type 2 diabetes; (e) being inspired by in-game exchange of tips and tricks; and (f) co-players guiding each other during the game. Peer support was inhibited by the mechanism of game rules obstructing group dialogues.
Identifying Commonalities and Divergences Between Technical Communication Scholarly and Trade Publications (1996–2017)
Authors: Friess Erin , Boettger Ryan K
Published: July 2021

More than 20 years ago, Elizabeth O. Smith published her points of reference that documented the research trajectory of technical communication from 1988 to 1997. Her results indicated a focus on rhetorical analyses, a decrease in collaborative research, and a disproportionate representation of male authors. This study builds on these points with a quantitative content analysis of 1,271 articles that were published in five leading technical communication journals and Intercom, the trade magazine for the Society for Technical Communication, from 1996 to 2017. The results show that both the research journals and Intercom have pivoted to process-driven rather than product-driven content. The results also suggest that the primary topics of communication strategy and collaboration might be the most likely places to foster future industry–academic ties and that the greatest division between the two populations is the primary topic of rhetoric. This study offers an updated baseline for future investigations by offering an evaluation of disparate content foci between the publication types.
Self-Determination in Elementary Students: A Conversation With Dr. Michael L. Wehmeyer
Authors: Haydon Todd F. , Masthay-Bermudez Angelica
Published: July 2021

Dr. Michael L. Wehmeyer has been recognized nationally and internationally for his research on intellectual and developmental disabilities and is well known as a leader on the concept of self-determination. His career has spanned experiences from the state system to higher education. He has been the recipient of several federally funded grants to support his research and to prepare doctoral students for leadership activities. He shared his reflections in which he describes the benefit of teaching students with disabilities goal setting and the pursuit of those goals for a meaningful and purposeful life.
Associations Between Social Determinants of Health, Chronic Absence From School, and Teacher Ratings of Parents’ Engagement in Early Education
Authors: Paulson Rachael E. , Plesko Corinne M. , Gross Deborah , Bettencourt Amie F.
Published: July 2021

This study examined associations between four indicators of social determinants of health (SDOH; parent education, poverty, material hardships, and child health problems), chronic school absence, and teachers’ ratings of parents’ engagement in their children's education. Surveys were collected from 304 parents and 26 teachers from eight Baltimore City Public Schools. Results revealed that teachers’ ratings of parent engagement were consistently lower among families experiencing adverse SDOH and/or whose children were chronically absent; however, there was no significant relationship between teachers’ ratings of parent engagement and child health problems. Additionally, chronic absence partially mediated the relationship between three SDOH indicators (total material hardships, parent education level, and child health problems) and teacher-rated parent engagement. Poverty was excluded from mediation analysis due to evidence of multicollinearity suppressive effects. Addressing the SDOH assessed in this study may be an effective strategy to reduce chronic absence, promote parent engagement, and foster equity in education.
Benign Metastasizing Leiomyoma in the Lung Presenting in a Phyllodes-Like Pattern Mimicking a Biphasic Tumor: A Case Report
Authors: Fadel Saleh , Villeneuve Patrick J. , Gupta Ashish , Strickland Sarah , Gomes Marcio
Published: July 2021

Primary biphasic tumors of the lung are rare. Lung lesions with a biphasic pattern are far more commonly primary or metastatic soft tissue tumors with entrapped native respiratory epithelium, giving the false impression of a biphasic tumor. We report a case of bilateral benign metastasizing leiomyomas in a 69-year-old female where the tumor cells diffusely entrapped native respiratory glands in a phyllodes-like pattern. The radiographic characteristics and histologic appearance were not immediately diagnostic and covered a wide differential. Reaching the final diagnosis required the use of immunohistochemical studies as well as correlation with the patient's history and radiographic findings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma presenting in a phyllodes-like pattern. This case illustrates the importance of considering entrapment of native lung epithelium in the differential diagnosis of biphasic-appearing lung tumors.
Mild Acquired Factor XIII Deficiency and Clinical Relevance at the ICU—A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Schmitt Felix Carl Fabian , der Forst Maik von , Miesbach Wolfgang , Casu Sebastian , Weigand Markus Alexander , Alesci Sonja
Published: July 2021

Acquired FXIII deficiency is a relevant complication in the perioperative setting; however, we still have little evidence about the incidence and management of this rarely isolated coagulopathy. This study aims to help find the right value for the substitution of patients with an acquired mild FXIII deficiency. In this retrospective single-center cohort study, we enrolled critically ill patients with mild acquired FXIII deficiency (>5% and ≤70%) and compared clinical and laboratory parameters, as well as pro-coagulatory treatments. The results of the present analysis of 104 patients support the clinical relevance of FXIII activity out of the normal range. Patients with lower FXIII levels, beginning at <60%, had lower minimum and maximum hemoglobin values, corresponding to the finding that patients with a minimum FXIII activity of <50% needed significantly more packed red blood cells. FXIII activity correlated significantly with general coagulation markers such as prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen. Nevertheless, comparing the groups with a cut-off of 50%, the amount of fresh frozen plasma, thrombocytes, PPSB, AT-III, and fibrinogen given did not differ. These results indicate that a mild FXIII deficiency occurring at any point of intensive care unit stay is also probably relevant for the total need of packed red blood cells, independent of pro-coagulatory management. In alignment with the ESAIC guidelines, the measurement of FXIII in critically ill patients with the risk of bleeding and early management, with the substitution of FXIII at levels <50%-60%, could be suggested.
Maintenance and Reformation of News Repertoires: A Latent Transition Analysis
Authors: Andersen Kim , Johansson Johannes , Johansson Bengt , Shehata Adam
Published: July 2021

Today’s media environment provides people ample opportunities for constructing news habits fitting their preferences, but our knowledge about the dynamics of such news habits is limited. Using a four-wave panel survey from Sweden and taking a news repertoires approach, the study identifies four groups of news users labeled Public service-oriented traditionalists, Minimalists, Engaged pluralists, and Quality-oriented explorers, which are each related to news interest, trust in mainstream news media, and socio-demographic factors in distinct ways. The news repertoires are highly stable, even during profound contextual change, showing that people most often maintain their news habits and only seldom reform them.
You Cannot Take War Out of the Soldier
Authors: Hast Susanna
Published: July 2021

This article is an experimentation in poetry on the topic of combat and killing derived from interview data. Such writing is called many things, but I named it documentary poetry which, regardless of its origins, is a manifestation of the indeterminacy and autonomy of art. I have taken the words of Finnish military cadets, poetic in themselves, and exhausted the possibilities of translation by abandoning accuracy for the sake of sensual precision. The zealless yet unsettling depictions of combat are reassembled in poems troubling the mystique and exceptionalism of the military while pointing to the fragility of the military itself.
Stereotypes in Attributions About Women’s Gender-Based Mistreatment
Authors: Kiebler Jessica M. , Stewart Abigail J.
Published: July 2021

Using an intersectional framework, we assessed how gender stereotypes applied to women with different race and class identities who experienced gender-based mistreatment. Thematic content analysis of 238 responses to a woman in a vignette, who varied in terms of race and class, revealed three themes: action or inaction, living conditions, and education. Sexual assault drew significantly more comments about the woman’s actions and inaction than sexual harassment, as did a middle-class versus a working-class woman. Conversely, living conditions surfaced more for the working-class woman. Finally, education came up most in sexual harassment accounts. Qualitative features of the responses are also discussed.
Effect of COVID-19 on High-risk Neonate Home Care Program: An Audit Study
Authors: Ansari Afsaneh , Kalhor Faramarz , Toghyani Raheleh , Namnabati Mahboobeh
Published: July 2021

One of the most important goals of the health system in this pandemic was to provide a home care for the high-risk neonates. The aim of this study was to audit a high-risk neonate home care program during the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted with the participation of 158 high-risk neonates discharged from neonatal intensive care units of hospitals. Data collection was performed through questionnaire and a researcher-made checklist. The researcher observed and evaluated 7 areas of healthcare. The study was first performed in person, but after the COVID-19 pandemic, the researcher evaluated these cares in absentia. The results of the study showed that the mean score of in-person “conduction” was 56.7 and in-absentia conduction was 52.5 and the mean score of in-person “education” was 63.6 and in-absentia conduction was 65.6. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the in-person and in-absentia methods. Moreover, while 53.2% of caregivers performed well, 33.5% of them performed poorly. According to the results, the implementation of home care program for high-risk neonates is relatively desirable. However, some regular evaluation and review need to be conducted on instructions and implementations. Regular education of caregivers and, finally, regular in-person and in-absentia monitoring is essential. In-absentia home care during the COVID-19 pandemic was not an obstacle to the implementation of the program and it was implemented through telephone and follow-up.
Longitudinal Impact of Community-Based Rehabilitation Programs on Functional Recovery After Stroke: A Scoping Review
Authors: Yoo Ingyu
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this scoping review is to guide the effects of long-term application of CBRP in stroke patients and to help make recommendations for developing treatment protocols for therapeutic application. The study examined relevant literature published between 2009 and 2020 using searches of 4 scientific databases. CBRP may have long-term effects on the functional effectiveness of stroke patients. In particular, long-term effects on walking ability and level of daily living activities have been identified. However, disease-related health conditions and quality of life were less effective in the long run. The effect decreased over time, but the long-term effect was maintained. Long-term intervention after discharge has proven to make a significant difference in the outcome of the goal. Given the potential therapeutic benefits of this process, the results of this review highlight the lack of further research to establish the effectiveness of this form of community-based long-term rehabilitation therapy for stroke patients.
Effects of Vanadium Inhalation and Sweetened Beverage Ingestion in Mice: Morphological and Biochemical Changes in the Liver
Authors: Cervantes-Valencia María Eugenia , González-Villalva Adriana , Cano-Gutiérrez Gumaro , Albarrán-Alonso Juan Carlos , Fortoul Teresa Imelda
Published: July 2021

The aim of this report was to evaluate the morphological and biochemical changes in the liver by the inhalation of vanadium and consumption of sweetened beverages in a subchronic murine model. Forty CD-1 male mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, vanadium (V), sucrose 30% (S), and vanadium–sucrose (V + S). V was inhaled (1.4 mg/m3) for 1h, twice/week; 30% sucrose solution was given orally ad libitum. Blood samples were obtained for AST, ALT, and LDH determination. Liver samples were processed for histological and oxidative stress immunohistochemical evaluation with 4-hydroxynonenal at weeks 4 and 8 of exposure. Regarding liver function tests, a statistically significant increase ( P < 0.05) was observed in groups V, S, and V + S at weeks 4 and 8 compared to the control group. A greater number of hepatocytes with meganuclei and binuclei were observed in V and V + S at week 8 compared to the other groups. Steatosis and regenerative changes were more extensive in the eighth week V + S group. 4-Hydroxynonenal immunoreactivity increased in the V + S group at both exposure times compared to the other groups; however, the increment was more evident in the V + S group at week 4 compared to the V + S group at week 8. An increase in De Ritis ratio (>1) was noticed in experimental groups at weeks 4 and 8. Findings demonstrate that in the liver, V, S, and V + S induced oxidative stress and regenerative changes that increased with the length of exposure. Results support possible potentiation of liver damage in areas with high air pollution and high-sweetened beverage consumption.
Four-Week Repeated Intravenous Dose Toxicity of Self-Assembled-Micelle Inhibitory RNA-Targeting Amphiregulin in Mice
Authors: Kim Hyeon-Young , Kim Tae Rim , Kim Sung-Hwan , Kim In-Hyeon , Lim Je-Oh , Park Jun Hong , Yun Sungil , Lee In-Chul , Park Han-Oh , Kim Jong-Choon
Published: July 2021

The present study investigated the potential subchronic toxicity of self-assembled-micelle inhibitory RNA-targeting amphiregulin (SAMiRNA-AREG) in mice. The test reagent was administered once-daily by intravenous injection for 4 weeks at 0, 100, 200, or 300 mg/kg/day doses. Additional recovery groups (vehicle control and high dose groups) were observed for a 2-week recovery period. During the test period, mortality, clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmology, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross pathology, organ weight, and histopathology were examined. An increase in the percentages of basophil and large unstained cells was observed in the 200 and 300 mg/kg/day groups of both sexes. In addition, the absolute and relative weights of the spleen were higher in males given 300 mg/kg/day relative to the concurrent controls. However, these findings were considered of no toxicological significance because the changes were minimal, were not accompanied by other relevant results (eg, correlating microscopic changes), and were not observed at the end of the 2-week recovery period indicating recovery of the findings. Based on the results, SAMiRNA-AREG did not cause treatment-related adverse effects at dose levels of up to 300 mg/kg/day in mice after 4-week repeated intravenous doses. Under these conditions, the no-observed-adverse-effect level of the SAMiRNA-AREG was ≥300 mg/kg/day in both sexes and no target organs were identified.
Exascale models of stellar explosions: Quintessential multi-physics simulation
Authors: Harris J. Austin , Chu Ran , Couch Sean M , Dubey Anshu , Endeve Eirik , Georgiadou Antigoni , Jain Rajeev , Kasen Daniel , Laiu M P , Messer OE B , O’Neal Jared , Sandoval Michael A , Weide Klaus
Published: July 2021

The ExaStar project aims to deliver an efficient, versatile, and portable software ecosystem for multi-physics astrophysics simulations run on exascale machines. The code suite is a component-based multi-physics toolkit, built on the capabilities of current simulation codes (in particular Flash-X and Castro), and based on the massively parallel adaptive mesh refinement framework AMReX. It includes modules for hydrodynamics, advanced radiation transport, thermonuclear kinetics, and nuclear microphysics. The code will reach exascale efficiency by building upon current multi- and many-core packages integrated into an orchestration system that uses a combination of configuration tools, code translators, and a domain-specific asynchronous runtime to manage performance across a range of platform architectures. The target science includes multi-physics simulations of astrophysical explosions (such as supernovae and neutron star mergers) to understand the cosmic origin of the elements and the fundamental physics of matter and neutrinos under extreme conditions.
Peer Regulation in a Peer-to-Peer Business Model
Authors: Miao Li , Lin Meizhen , Wei Wei , Moon Hyoungeun
Published: July 2021

Peer-to-peer (P2P) businesses in the hospitality and tourism industry pose a regulatory challenge that has disrupted traditional regulatory schemes. This article proposes peer regulation as a form of regulation that complements and supplements command-and-control regulation and platform self-regulation in a P2P business model. Using the polycentric coregulation framework and impression management theory as a theoretical basis, this study systematically explores peer regulation at intrapeer (i.e., self-monitoring and prosocial behaviors), interpeer (i.e., trust-enforcing mechanism and belongingness-enhancing mechanism), and platform (i.e., peer-centric platform self-regulation and de-individualization) levels. The article also discusses critical peer regulation issues such as P2P evaluation and reputation systems in a multifarious regulatory environment, P2P employment, and leveraging platform self-regulation and jurisdictional regulation. This article offers a theoretical account of multilevel peer regulation as a form of P2P regulation and provides future research directions on the topic.
Costs comparison of treating diabetic macular edema with aflibercept, ranibizumab or dexamethasone at 1 year in France (INVICOST study)
Authors: Gascon Pierre , Borget Isabelle , Comet Alban , Carton Laurence , Matonti Frédéric , Dupont-Benjamin Laure
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

INVICOST, a medico-economic analysis, compared costs of managing treatment-naive patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) receiving intravitreal injections (IVIs) of aflibercept (AFL), dexamethasone implant (DXI) or ranibizumab (RAN) over 1 year.

Methods:

Healthcare resource use and associated costs were estimated using individual patient data from INVICTUS, a prospective, open-label, monocentric study. Healthcare costs comprised direct medical costs such as drug acquisition and administration, consultations and ophthalmological procedures. Costs were assessed from the French National Health Insurance perspective using published national tariffs expressed in 2019 euros.

Results:

Of the 60 treated eyes, 48 had no treatment switch; 14 received AFL, 19 received DXI and 15 received RAN. AFL-treated eyes received an average of 6.5 IVIs, DXI-treated patients received 2 IVIs and RAN-treated received 6.8 IVIs. All treated eyes received an initial prescription for adjunctive ocular medications and 349 follow-up procedures were performed including an average of 3.9 optical coherence tomography and 3.2 retinography procedures per eye. Average total direct cost of per-eye treatment was €4516 (€1128–€8257). Average cost was €5782 for eyes treated with AFL, €2779 with DXI and €5536 with RAN. Drug therapy was the cost driver: €4394 (76%) for AFL, €1915 for DXI (69%) and €4268 (77%) for RAN.

Conclusion:

The difference in total treatment cost is largely explained by the significantly lower frequency of IVI and annual cost of therapy with DXI, compared with AFL and RAN. INVICOST is the first study comparing treatment costs with AFL, DXI and RAN in France in current clinical practice.
Exoskeletons, Rehabilitation and Bodily Capacities
Authors: Butnaru Denisa
Published: July 2021

Motility impairments resulting from spinal cord injuries and cerebrovascular accidents are increasingly prevalent in society, leading to the growing development of rehabilitative robotic technologies, among them exoskeletons. This article outlines how bodies with neurological conditions such as spinal cord injury and stroke engage in processes of re-appropriation while using exoskeletons and some of the challenges they face. The main task of exoskeletons in rehabilitative environments is either to rehabilitate or ameliorate anatomic functions of impaired bodies. In these complex processes, they also play a crucial role in recasting specific corporeal phenomenologies. For the accomplishment of these forms of corporeal re-appropriation, the role of experts is crucial. This article explores how categories such as bodily resistance, techno-inter-corporeal co-production of bodies and machines, as well as body work mark the landscape of these contemporary forms of impaired corporeality. While defending corporeal extension rather than incorporation, I argue against the figure of the ‘cyborg’ and posit the idea of ‘residual subjectivity’.
Reimagining state responsibility for workers following COVID-19: A vulnerability approach
Authors: Rodgers Lisa
Published: July 2021

In this article it is argued that the COVID-19 crisis offers an important opportunity for engagement and reflection on the operation and effectiveness of laws regarding the workplace in the UK and beyond. The crisis underscores the temporality and partiality of labour law measures, and the need for a reimagining of that law based on more sustainable principles. I argue that this reimagination should coalesce around a human-centric approach to law, and the recognition of the need for deep and varied institutional support for workers. It is argued that these principles have been adopted historically in the context of health and safety law, but have not always been well applied, particularly in the context of the pandemic. In any event, the adoption of these principles and the greater integration of health and safety and labour law would encourage states to better promote worker agency and resilience and hence move towards meeting the aspirations of vulnerability theory.
Drill, discipline and decency? Exploring the significance of prior military experience for prison staff culture
Authors: Moran Dominique , Turner Jennifer
Published: July 2021

Building on prior theorization of the prison–military complex and critiques of Foucault’s claim of similarities between the prison and the military, this article uses the example of ex-military personnel as prison staff to consider the nature of this relationship. In a UK context in which policy discourse speaks of ‘military’ methods as an aspiration for the Prison Service but where critical prison scholars use this term more pejoratively, it draws on a unique survey of current and former prison staff to explore the perceived characteristics of ex-military personnel, and the relationship between military service and prison staff culture. The article finds that although some ‘military’ characteristics recall more negative ‘traditional’ cultures, others point towards more professional and compassionate attitudes, challenging the notion that ‘militarism’ necessarily engenders authoritarian and punitive prison regimes.
Dying in a foreign land: A study of completed suicides among foreign workers in Singapore
Authors: Chiu Marcus Yu Lung , Ghoh Corinne , Wong Christine , Wong Kang Li
Published: July 2021

Suicide is a public health issue that impacts a nation’s resident and non-resident populations alike. Singapore has one of the largest non-resident (work permit holder) populations in the world, yet very little attention has been given to examining suicide in this population. The current study examined the case materials of all 303 non-resident completed suicides in Singapore in the period January 2011 to December 2014. Their basic profiles were compared with that of the 1,507 resident cases in the same period. A sample of 30 death notes written by non-residents were randomly selected and thematically analyzed to supplement the descriptive findings and discussion. Results showed that suicides were highest among males, those aged 21–35 years old, and South Asians. Most non-resident suicide cases did not have known physical or mental health issues, prior suicide attempts, or suicide notes. Suicide decedents from South Asia and Europe most frequently used hanging, while jumping was most common among decedents from other regions. Relationship and health problems emerged as the top two suspected triggers for suicide based on our analysis of the suicide notes. The unique situation of working abroad may increase non-residents’ vulnerability in general, while adverse life events such as relationship and health issues may be too overwhelming to bear, especially when support services are not readily available and accessible. The results have implications for suicide prevention among this neglected group of people who choose to work in foreign lands.
Relations between phonological production, grammar and the lexicon in bilingual French-English children
Authors: Kehoe Margaret , Friend Margaret , Poulin-Dubois Diane
Published: July 2021

Aims and objectives:

This study examines multiple associations between language domains in bilingual children with a focus on phonology. Previous studies indicate within- but not cross-language associations between vocabulary and grammar in bilingual children. We investigate whether the relation between phonology and other language domains differs from the one reported between vocabulary and grammar.

Methodology:

Canadian French-English bilingual children ( n = 31), aged 31 months, participated in 2 free-play sessions, from which lexical, grammatical and phonological information was extracted. The children’s parents completed the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Developmental Inventories and its Canadian French adaptation providing additional information on vocabulary and grammar in each of the children’s languages. They also completed a questionnaire on their children’s exposure to French and English.

Data analysis:

Within and cross-language relations between phonology, vocabulary and grammar were investigated using correlational analyses and mixed logistic regression.

Findings:

Correlational analyses did not reveal significant cross-language relations between phonology, vocabulary and grammar. However, mixed logistic regression, which controlled for language exposure effects, indicated that phonology was influenced by vocabulary and grammar both within and across languages.

Originality:

This study is one of the first to study cross-domain relations involving phonology in young bilingual children.

Implications:

Overall, the findings suggest that phonology displays a pattern of relations that is different from other language domains engendering between-language effects due to a language-general component.
The straw man effect: Partisan misrepresentation in natural language
Authors: Yeomans Michael
Published: July 2021

Political discourse often seems divided not just by different preferences, but by entirely different representations of the debate. Are partisans able to accurately describe their opponents’ position, or do they instead generate unrepresentative “straw man” arguments? In this research we examined an (incentivized) political imitation game by asking partisans on both sides of the U.S. health care debate to describe the most common arguments for and against ObamaCare. We used natural language-processing algorithms to benchmark the biases and blind spots of our participants. Overall, partisans showed a limited ability to simulate their opponents’ perspective, or to distinguish genuine from imitation arguments. In general, imitations were less extreme than their genuine counterparts. Individual difference analyses suggest that political sophistication only improves the representations of one’s own side but not of an opponent’s side, exacerbating the straw man effect. Our findings suggest that false beliefs about partisan opponents may be pervasive.
To bee or not to beet with neonicotinoids
Authors: Warren Lynda M.
Published: July 2021

In January 2021 the UK government granted an application for authorisation to use thiamethoxam, a neonicotinoid pesticide, to protect commercial sugar beet crops from attack by viruses transmitted by aphids. This was the first time such an authorisation had been granted in the United Kingdom (UK) and there were concerns that it signalled a weakening of environmental standards now that the UK was no longer part of the European Union. In fact, similar authorisations had been granted by several European Member States in the last 2 years, despite the ban on the use of neonicotinoids introduced in 2018. Nevertheless, the reasons for granting the authorisation do suggest that the balance between adopting a precautionary approach to environmental protection and taking emergency action to protect economic interests may have shifted. It was acknowledged that the proposed mitigation to safeguard bees and other wildlife was not entirely satisfactory. In the end, due to unforeseen weather conditions it meant that the pesticide is not necessary, which in itself demonstrates that short-term emergency measures are unsuitable for dealing with the problem. If the sugar beet industry is to continue to prosper in the UK, it will need to be managed in a way that provides resistance to virus infection without the use of controversial chemicals.
Value moves in multiple ways: Ethical values, the anthropology of Christianity, and an example of women and movement
Authors: Hovland Ingie
Published: July 2021

How can anthropologists describe ethical values—that is, what emerges as important—in the social, material worlds of Christianity? This article considers the question by working along interfaces. The first part of the article discusses two diverging approaches to values in the anthropology of Christianity (realizing values and producing values) and situates these in relation to three groupings in the anthropology of ethics and morality (deontological ethics, first-person virtue ethics, and poststructuralist virtue ethics). The second part of the article follows one value—the value of movement—in a historical example: the writings of a group of Christian women in 1880s and 1890s Norway. I argue that ethical values move in multiple ways through this social world: people realize values, people produce values and people work on values.
Journalistic innovation: How new formats of digital journalism are perceived in the academic literature
Authors: Lopezosa Carlos , Codina Lluís , Fernández-Planells Ariadna , Freixa Pere
Published: July 2021

This article carries out a systematic review of the literature analysing the following new journalistic formats: structured journalism, immersive journalism, 360° video reports, virtual reality and augmented reality applied to journalism, newsgames and docugames. To do so, the scientific production examining these formats is first analysed to determine the academic impact of these studies, while identifying their characteristics and tracking their evolution over time. Second, the leading researchers in this field are identified and interviewed to ascertain their opinion about the future of journalism and changing trends in journalistic formats. The results show that the number of academic publications about journalistic innovation peaked in 2019, above all in the three journals – Digital Journalism, Journalism Practice and Profesional de la Información – that lead the way in this discipline. The 23 academics interviewed reported that innovation impacts primarily on four aspects of journalism: information and content; audience; methods and resources and news media companies.
Investigating the Effects of Narrative Advertising in a Real-Life Setting
Authors: Yıldız Serdar , Sever Necip Serdar
Published: July 2021

This study investigates the effects of narrative ads, which differ in terms of narrative focus and brand prominence in a native advertising context. Considering the recent methodological debates about advertising and consumer experiments, we aim to design the research to be as realistic as possible. We produced video ad stimuli and published them as sponsored posts on Instagram to test the effects in a real-life setting. In this way, online engagement behavior was examined through social media metrics. The users who clicked on the ad were directed to the research website and asked to answer the scales of narrative transportation and attitude toward the ad. While the ads achieved different engagement results in line with their content features, transportation and attitude results demonstrate the superiority of narrative ads, which are product-oriented and with low brand prominence.
Greener than Others? Exploring Generational Differences in Green Purchase Intent
Authors: Ham Chang-Dae , Chung Un Chae , Kim Woo Jin , Lee Seo Yoon , Oh Sang-Hwa
Published: July 2021

This study explored the generation gap in American consumers’ green perceptions and purchase intentions across four generations (Gen Z, Y, X, and Baby Boomers) from the perspectives of consumer socialization and social intelligence. Analyzing a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States ( N = 19,450), the survey results revealed that the American consumer’s green norms and beliefs varied by generation. A series of multiple regression analyses showed that each generation had similar but idiosyncratic beliefs in purchasing products from green companies. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
How can electric lighting contribute to human health and well-being?
Authors: Raynham P
Published: July 2021

Electric light in buildings may provide some health benefits; however, for most people these benefits are likely to be small. It is possible for electric lighting to cause health problems, if there is too little light or there is glare, but for the most part there is good guidance available and these problems can be avoided. The quality of the lit environment can have a psychological impact and this may in turn impact well-being. A starting point for this is perceived adequacy of illumination. Related lighting metrics are examined and a hypothetical explanation is suggested.