bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Normothermic Machine-perfused Human Donor Livers Produce Functional Hemostatic Proteins
Authors: Bodewes Silke B. , Lascaris Bianca , Adelmeijer Jelle , de Meijer Vincent E. , Porte Robert J. , Lisman Ton
Published: June 2023

Background.

Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is used for the viability assessment of high-risk donor livers before transplantation. The production of hemostatic proteins is one of the major synthetic functions of the liver. The objective of this study was to measure the concentration and functionality of hemostatic proteins concentration in the NMP perfusate of human donor livers.

Methods.

Thirty-six livers that underwent NMP for viability assessment were included in this study. Perfusate samples taken during NMP (start, 150 min, and 300 min) were used for the measurement of antigen and activity levels of hemostatic proteins (factors II, VII, and X; fibrinogen; plasminogen; antithrombin; tissue plasminogen activator; von Willebrand factor; and proteins induced by vitamin K absence). The antigen levels were correlated with hepatocellular function according to previously proposed individual hepatocellular viability criteria: lactate clearance and perfusate pH.

Results.

Antigen levels of hemostatic proteins reached subphysiological levels in the NMP perfusate. Hemostatic proteins that were produced during NMP were at least partially active. All livers produced all hemostatic proteins tested within 150 min of NMP. Hemostatic protein concentrations did not significantly correlate with perfusate lactate and perfusate pH after 150 min of NMP.

Conclusions.

All livers produce functional hemostatic proteins during NMP. The generation of a functional hemostatic system in NMP perfusate confirms the need for adequate anticoagulation of the perfusate to avoid generation of (micro)thrombi that may harm the graft.
Multimodal Transplant-clinic–based Skin Cancer Prevention Education for Organ Transplant Recipients: Feasibility Study
Authors: Yu Regina , Miura Kyoko , Chambers Daniel C. , Hopkins Peter M. , Proby Charlotte M. , Bibee Kristin , Plasmeijer Elsemieke I. , Green Adele C.
Published: June 2023

Background.

We studied the feasibility of transplant-clinic staff routinely providing primary prevention advice to lung transplant recipients at high risk of skin cancer.

Methods.

Patients enrolled by a transplant-clinic study nurse completed baseline questionnaires and received sun-safety brochures. For the 12-mo intervention, transplant physicians were alerted to provide standard sun-protection advice (use of hat, long sleeves, and sunscreen outdoors) by sun-advice prompt cards attached to participants’ medical charts at each clinic visit. Patients indicated receiving advice from their physician and from study personnel via an exit-card postclinic, and at final study clinics, they also reported their sun behaviors by questionnaire. Feasibility of the intervention was measured by patients’ and clinic staff’s study engagement; effectiveness was assessed by calculating odds ratios (ORs) for improved sun protection, using generalized estimating equations.

Results.

Of 151 patients invited, 134 consented (89%), and 106 (79 %) (63% male, median age 56 y, 93% of European descent) completed the study. Odds of receiving sun advice from transplant physicians and study nurses rose after the intervention compared with baseline (ORs, 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96-2.96 and 3.56; 95% CI, 1.38-9.14, respectively). After 12 mo of regular transplant-clinic advice, odds of sunburn decreased (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.13-2.60), and odds of applying sunscreen (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.20-3.09) almost doubled.

Conclusions.

Encouragement of primary prevention of skin cancer among organ transplant recipients by physicians and nurses during routine transplant-clinic visits is feasible and appears to be effective.
The putative role of the epipeptide EpeX in Bacillus subtilis intra-species competition
Authors: Kalamara Margarita , Abbott James , Sukhodub Tetyana , MacPhee Cait , Stanley-Wall Nicola R.
Published: June 2023

Bacteria engage in competitive interactions with neighbours that can either be of the same or different species. Multiple mechanisms are deployed to ensure the desired outcome and one tactic commonly implemented is the production of specialised metabolites. The Gram-positive bacterium

Bacillus subtilis

uses specialized metabolites as part of its intra-species competition determinants to differentiate between kin and non-kin isolates. It is, however, unknown if the collection of specialized metabolites defines competitive fitness when the two isolates start as a close, interwoven community that grows into a densely packed colony biofilm. Moreover, the identity of specialized metabolites that have an active role in defining the outcome of an intra-species interaction has not been revealed. Here, we determine the competition outcomes that manifest when 21 environmental isolates of

B. subtilis

are individually co-incubated with the model isolate NCIB 3610 in a colony biofilm. We correlated these data with the suite of specialized metabolite biosynthesis clusters encoded by each isolate. We found that the epeXEPAB gene cluster was primarily present in isolates with a strong competitive phenotype. This cluster is responsible for producing the epipeptide EpeX. We demonstrated that EpeX is a competition determinant of

B. subtilis

in an otherwise isogenic context for NCBI 3610. However, when we competed the NCIB 3610 EpeX-deficient strain against our suite of environmental isolates we found that the impact of EpeX in competition is isolate-specific, as only one of the 21 isolates showed increased survival when EpeX was lacking. Taken together, we have shown that EpeX is a competition determinant used by

B. subtilis

that impacts intra-species interactions but only in an isolate-specific manner.
Neighbor cells restrain furrowing during epithelial cytokinesis
Authors: Landino Jennifer , Misterovich Eileen , Chumki Shahana , Miller Ann L.
Published: June 2023

Cytokinesis challenges epithelial tissue homeostasis by generating forces that pull on neighboring cellsviacell-cell junctions. Previous work has shown that junction reinforcement at the furrow inXenopus laevisepithelia regulates the speed of furrowing1. This suggests the cytokinetic array that drives cell division is subject to resistive forces from epithelial neighbor cells. We show here that contractility factors accumulate in neighboring cells near the furrow during cytokinesis. Additionally, increasing neighbor cell stiffness,viaɑ-actinin overexpression, or contractility, through optogenetic Rho activation in one neighbor cell, slows or asymmetrically pauses furrowing, respectively. Notably, optogenetic stimulation of neighbor cell contractility on both sides of the furrow induces cytokinetic failure and binucleation. We conclude that forces from the cytokinetic array in the dividing cell are carefully balanced with restraining forces generated by neighbor cells, and neighbor cell mechanics regulate the speed and success of cytokinesis.

Highlights

Neighboring cells assemble actomyosin arrays adjacent to the cytokinetic furrow

Overexpression of an F-actin cross-linker in neighbor cells slows furrowing

Optogenetic activation of contractility in one neighbor pauses furrow ingression

Hyper-contractility in both neighbors restrains furrowing & cells fail cytokinesis
Locus specific human endogenous retroviruses reveal new lymphoma subtypes
Authors: Singh Bhavya , Dopkins Nicholas , Fei Tongyi , Marston Jez L. , Michael Stephanie , Reyes-Gopar Helena , Curty Gislaine , Heymann Jonas J. , Chadburn Amy , Martin Peter , Leal Fabio E. , Cesarman Ethel , Nixon Douglas F. , Bendall Matthew L.
Published: June 2023

The heterogeneity of cancers are driven by diverse mechanisms underlying oncogenesis such as differential ‘cell-of-origin’ (COO) progenitors, mutagenesis, and viral infections. Classification of B-cell lymphomas have been defined by considering these characteristics. However, the expression and contribution of transposable elements (TEs) to B cell lymphoma oncogenesis or classification have been overlooked. We hypothesized that incorporating TE signatures would increase the resolution of B-cell identity during healthy and malignant conditions. Here, we present the first comprehensive, locus-specific characterization of TE expression in benign germinal center (GC) B-cells, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive and EBV-negative Burkitt lymphoma (BL), and follicular lymphoma (FL). Our findings demonstrate unique human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) signatures in the GC and lymphoma subtypes whose activity can be used in combination with gene expression to define B-cell lineage in lymphoid malignancies, highlighting the potential of retrotranscriptomic analyses as a tool in lymphoma classification, diagnosis, and the identification of novel treatment groups.
Towards Pandemic-Scale Ancestral Recombination Graphs of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Zhan Shing H. , Ignatieva Anastasia , Wong Yan , Eaton Katherine , Jeffery Benjamin , Palmer Duncan S. , Murall Carmen Lia , Otto Sarah P. , Kelleher Jerome
Published: June 2023

Recombination is an ongoing and increasingly important feature of circulating lineages of SARS-CoV-2, challenging how we represent the evolutionary history of this virus and giving rise to new variants of potential public health concern by combining transmission and immune evasion properties of different lineages. Detection of new recombinant strains is challenging, with most methods looking for breaks between sets of mutations that characterise distinct lineages. In addition, many basic approaches fundamental to the study of viral evolution assume that recombination is negligible, in that a single phylogenetic tree can represent the genetic ancestry of the circulating strains. Here we present an initial version of sc2ts, a method to automatically detect recombinants in real time and to cohesively integrate them into a genealogy in the form of an ancestral recombination graph (ARG), which jointly records mutation, recombination and genetic inheritance. We infer two ARGs under different sampling strategies, and study their properties. One contains 1.27 million sequences sampled up to June 30, 2021, and the second is more sparsely sampled, consisting of 657K sequences sampled up to June 30, 2022. We find that both ARGs are highly consistent with known features of SARS-CoV-2 evolution, recovering the basic backbone phylogeny, mutational spectra, and recapitulating details on the majority of known recombinant lineages. Using the well-established and feature-rich tskit library, the ARGs can also be stored concisely and processed efficiently using standard Python tools. For example, the ARG for 1.27 million sequences—encoding the inferred reticulate ancestry, genetic variation, and extensive metadata—requires 58MB of storage, and loads in less than a second. The ability to fully integrate the effects of recombination into downstream analyses, to quickly and automatically detect new recombinants, and to utilise an efficient and convenient platform for computation based on well-engineered technologies makes sc2ts a promising approach.
Genetic diversity, recombination and cross-species transmission of a waterbird gammacoronavirus in the wild
Authors: François Sarah , Nazki Salik , Vickers Stephen H. , Fournié Guillaume , Perrins Christopher M. , Broadbent Andrew J. , Pybus Oliver G. , Hill Sarah C.
Published: June 2023

2.

Viruses emerging from wildlife can cause outbreaks in humans and domesticated animals. Predicting the emergence of future pathogens and mitigating their impacts requires an understanding of what shapes virus diversity and dynamics in wildlife reservoirs. In order to better understand coronavirus ecology in wild species, we sampled birds within a coastal freshwater lagoon habitat across five years, focussing on a large population of mute swans (Cygnus olor) and the diverse species that they interact with. We discovered and characterised the full genome of a divergent gammacoronavirus belonging to theGoose coronavirus CB17species. We investigated the genetic diversity and dynamics of this gammacoronavirus using untargeted metagenomic sequencing of 223 fecal samples from swans of known age and sex, and RT-PCR screening of 1632 additional bird samples. The virus circulated persistently within the bird community; virus prevalence in mute swans exhibited seasonal variations, but did not change with swan age-class or epidemiological year. One whole genome was fully characterised, and revealed that the virus originated from a recombination event involving an undescribed gammacoronavirus species. Multiple lineages of this gammacoronavirus co-circulated within our study population. Viruses from this species have recently been detected in aquatic birds from both the Anatidae and Rallidae families, implying that host species habitat sharing may be important in shaping virus host range. As the host range of theGoose coronavirus CB17species is not limited to geese, we propose that this species name should be updated to “Waterbird gammacoronavirus 1”. Non-invasive sampling of bird coronaviruses may provide a tractable model system for understanding the evolutionary and cross-species dynamics of coronaviruses.
Spontaneous transfer of small peripheral peptides between supported lipid bilayer and giant unilamellar vesicles
Authors: Efodili Emanuela , Knight Ashlynn , Mirza Maryem , Briones Cedric , Lee Il-Hyung
Published: June 2023

Vesicular trafficking facilitates material transport between membrane-bound organelles. Membrane protein cargos are trafficked for relocation, recycling, and degradation during various physiological processes.In vitrofusion studies utilized synthetic lipid membranes to study the molecular mechanisms of vesicular trafficking and to develop synthetic materials mimicking the biological membrane trafficking. Various fusogenic conditions which can induce vesicular fusion have been used to establish synthetic systems that can mimic biological systems. Despite these efforts, the mechanisms underlying vesicular trafficking of membrane proteins remain limited and robustin vitromethods that can construct synthetic trafficking systems for membrane proteins between large membranes (>1 μm2) are unavailable. Here, we provide data to show the spontaneous transfer of small membrane-bound peptides (∼4 kD) between a supported lipid bilayer (SLB) and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). We found that the contact between the SLB and GUVs led to the occasional but notable transfer of membrane-bound peptides in a physiological saline buffer condition (pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl). Quantitative and dynamic time-lapse analyses suggested that the observed exchange occurred through the formation of hemi-fusion stalks between the SLB and GUVs. Larger protein cargos with a size of ∼77 kD could not be transferred between the SLB and GUVs, suggesting that the larger-sized cargos limited diffusion across the hemi-fusion stalk, which was predicted to have a highly curved structure. Our system serves as an example synthetic platform that enables the investigation of small-peptide trafficking between synthetic membranes and reveals hemi-fused lipid bridge formation as a mechanism of peptide transfer.

Graphical abstracts
Cholangiocytic differentiation drives cell proliferation in hepatoblastoma through Wnt-dependent FGF19 signaling
Authors: Wu Peng V. , Fish Matt , Hazard Florette K. , Zhu Chunfang , Vennam Sujay , Walton Hannah , Morri Maurizio , Neff Norma , West Robert B. , Nusse Roel
Published: June 2023

Cancers evolve not only through the acquisition and clonal transmission of somatic mutations but also by non-genetic mechanisms that modify cell phenotype. Here, we describe how transcriptional heterogeneity arises within human hepatoblastoma, one of the cancers with the lowest mutational burden, characterized by activating mutations in the Wnt pathway. Histology-guided RNA sequencing and evaluation of spatial gene expression in primary hepatoblastomas identified foci of tumor cells within the highly proliferative embryonal histology that express the growth factor FGF19, colocalizing with markedly increased expression of Wnt target genes and cholangiocyte markers. In patient-derived tumoroids, FGF19 provided a required growth signal for FGF19-negative cells, and its expression depended on both Wnt/μ-catenin and the biliary transcription factor SOX4. Our results reveal that a biliary lineage program induces FGF19 as a paracrine signal for tumor growth, thereby modulating the transcriptional outcome of constitutive Wnt activation and tumor cell proliferation.
BiallelicPARP1Mutations Associated with Childhood-Onset Neurodegeneration
Authors: Hailstone Richard , Maroofian Reza , Woodbine Lisa , Korneeva Elena , Brazina Jan , Macaya Alfons , Severino Mariasavina , Tomoum Hoda , Houlden Henry , Caldecott Keith W
Published: June 2023

PARP1 is the primary human sensor protein for DNA single-strand breaks, reduced repair of which results in neurodevelopmental and/or progressive neurodegenerative disease typified by cerebellar ataxia, and oculomotor apraxia. Here, we report the first such disease associated with hereditary mutations inPARP1. The affected individual possesses biallelic mutations in the second DNA strand-break sensing zinc finger of PARP1, resulting in a predicted truncated protein of 127 amino acids that is comprised of just the first DNA strand-break sensing zinc finger. Levels of oxidative DNA damage-induced PARP activity are greatly reduced (∼80%) in primary fibroblasts derived from the patient, when compared to cells derived from the parents, and levels of endogenous S-Phase PARP activity are reduced by >50%. Critically, whereas DNA double-strand break repair and cellular sensitivity to ionising radiation are largely normal in the patient-derived cells, the rate of repair of DNA single-strand breaks induced by either oxidative stress, during DNA base excision repair, or as a result of cytotoxic topoisomerase I activity is reduced. These data implicate hereditary mutations PARP1 in human hereditary neurodegenerative disease, and increase to five the number of DNA single-strand break repair genes associated with progressive cerebellar ataxia and oculomotor apraxia.
Corporate social responsibility expenditure and financial performance: the moderating role of family ownership
Authors: Kaimal Anjali , Uzma Shigufta Hena
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The paper aims to examine how Indian non-financial service sector companies’ financial performance is influenced by their corporate social responsibility (CSR) expenditures. The paper also analyses whether family ownership has a moderating role in the CSR expenditure–financial performance association.

Design/methodology/approach

The study includes 288 non-financial service sector companies listed in India with 3,456 firm-year observations. Panel data regression analysis using data for 12 years, starting from 2010 to 2021, is carried out.

Findings

The study reveals a positive influence of CSR spending on financial performance measures (Tobin’s Q and return on assets). Mandatory CSR policies also influence the company’s performance. Additionally, family ownership has a positive moderating effect on CSR expenditure–financial performance (Tobin’s Q).

Research limitations/implications

The study gives insights to the managers on how CSR expenditures can be used to maximise their benefits by supporting social causes, particularly in the case of firms with ownership structures where family involvement is there.

Originality/value

The prior studies analysing family ownership effect on the CSR–financial performance relationship are fewer, and in a country like India, where corporate philanthropy is a part of the family business culture, there is a need to understand how CSR spending influences firm performance.
The mediating role of intellectual capital in corporate governance and financial efficiency of Islamic banks
Authors: Aslam Ejaz , Ur Rehman Aziz , Iqbal Anam
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of intellectual capital (IC) on the association between corporate governance mechanism (CGM) and the financial efficiency of Islamic banks (Z-score, net investment income and loan to deposit) and verify it through standard mediation in the panel based on interaction.

Design/methodology/approach

The data of this study draws from 125 full-fledged Islamic banks and windows from 26 Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) over the period of 2009 to 2019. A two-step system generalize method of moment estimation is used to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The results underwrite that the inclusion of IC as a mediating variable has influenced positively the corporate governance and financial efficiency of IBs. Besides, only CEO power and Shariah supervisory board positively affect the financial efficiency of IBs. While structural capital and relational capital positively affect the financial efficiency of IBs. Apart from that, results show that the CGM has a significant relationship with the IC value of IBs.

Research limitations/implications

These findings are valuable for policymakers and regulators to set policies to improve CG structure and effective use of IC resources to improve banking efficiency. Additionally, findings might be helpful for the bankers to proficiently use the IC as a premise to plan new strategies to get an upper hand in financial performance.

Originality/value

This study extends and contributes to the current literature by analysing the role of IC along with CG to boost the financial efficiency of banks in OIC countries.
Greenhouse gas assurance, board diversity and cost of debt: a quantile approach
Authors: Koutoupis Andreas G. , Davidopoulos Leonidas G. , Azibi Jamel , Hakimi Abdelaziz , Mansali Hatem
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The authors examine the effect of greenhouse gas (ghg) assurance on cost of debt, and the effect of board gender diversity on cost of debt, for an international sample of listed companies.

Design/methodology/approach

Utilizing firm-level data and a quantile regression approach, this study examines the effects of greenhouse gas assurance and board diversity on cost of debt by employing an international sample of firms during 2015–2021.

Findings

The authors find that in firms with a relatively low cost of debt the external assurance of greenhouse gas emissions and gender diversity could significantly contribute to a reduction of cost of debt. Furthermore, other measures of board diversity that are linked with independent directors and skilled directors seem to contribute to an increase of firms' cost of debt in the lower end of distribution. Drawing from the agency theory, the authors showcase the fact that ghg assurance reduces information asymmetry and therefore agency costs such as borrowing costs and signals to the stakeholders a long-term commitment to excellence.

Originality/value

This study is the first that provides insights on the relationship between ghg assurance, board diversity and cost of debt.
Does technological innovation have an impact on employment in the hospitality industry?
Authors: Tian Jiawen
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This study aims to empirically analyze the impact of technological innovation on the quantity and quality of employment in the hospitality industry.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the data of 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2020, this paper makes an empirical analysis through the fixed effect model.

Findings

The results show that process innovation has a significant positive impact on employment quantity, while product innovation has a significant negative impact on employment quantity. The creative effect of process innovation and the substitution effect of product innovation offset each other, so in the long run, the impact of technological innovation on employment quantity is not significant. However, technological innovation has significantly improved the employment quality of the hospitality industry.

Practical implications

Because technological innovation has replaced part of the labor force, hospitality could guide the labor force in a positive direction. To promote innovation and retain talents, hotels should train employees’ digital thinking and attract high-skilled talents.

Originality/value

This research is unique in using process innovation and product innovation as the main measurement indicators of technological innovation, unlike previous studies that often relied on technological progress to conclude.
Workplace spirituality to cultivate innovative work behaviour: the moderating role of perceived working conditions
Authors: Garg Naval , Saini Damini
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of the present study is to contribute to the debate on innovative work behaviour (IWB). Employees are expected to exhibit innovative behaviour that can realize, sustain and implement new ideas. This study explores the role of workplace spirituality (WPS) in advancing employees' innovative work behaviour (IWB). Furthermore, this study investigates how employees' perceived working conditions moderate the relationship between WPS and IWB.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample comprised 516 employees working in different supply chain companies in India. The researchers used correlation, hierarchical regression analysis and the PROCESS macro in SPSS.

Findings

The results highlighted that the four measurements of WPS (Swadharma, a sense of community, authenticity and Lokasangraha) significantly predict IWB among employees of selected companies. Also, the results suggested the significant moderating effects of decision authority, social support and autonomy on IWB.

Originality/value

Drawing from broaden and build theory and theory of intangible resources, the present study demonstrates that WPS positively impacts the employee's IWB. Further, this paper also shows the moderating effects of three dimensions of perceived working conditions between WPS and IWB, which is under-explored in previous research.
Secondhand clothing purchase intentions: Generation Z’s perspective
Authors: Herjanto Halimin , Amin Muslim , Purinton Elizabeth , Lindle II Edward L.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Based on the learning and attitudinal theories, this study aims to investigate the direct effect of two type of experiences, attitude and the indirect impact of fashion innovativeness, materialism and financial pressure on Generation Z’s secondhand clothing (SHC) purchase intention.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 180 usable surveys were gathered from Generation Z participants and analyzed by a partial least-square-structural equation model.

Findings

The results show that attitude (SHC hygiene vs SHC fashion style) and past experiences (daily use occasion vs particular use occasion) directly affect SHC purchase intention. Furthermore, materialism, financial pressure and innovativeness drive attitudes toward SHC fashion style.

Originality/value

This study extends the current SHC literature by integrating two dimensions of experience (daily use occasion vs particular use occasion) and attitude (attitude toward SHC hygiene vs attitude toward SHC style).
Dispositions towards learning: the importance of epistemic attributes for postgraduate learners
Authors: Spray Erika , Holbrook Allyson , Scevak Jill , Cantwell Robert
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Learners’ dispositional attributes form the foundations for their learning behaviour and therefore academic outcomes. This study aims to explore the dispositional attributes of postgraduate learners in coursework programs, and to understand the relationships between dispositional attributes and academic achievement at this level.

Design/methodology/approach

This study profiled the dispositions towards learning of 880 Master’s students in Australia, reported in an online survey. Statistical analysis was used to explore the possibility of underlying dispositional dimensions and latent clusters of participants within the cohort.

Findings

The profile of the cohort overall was as expected for an elite academic group, yet there was substantial variation between individuals. Cluster analysis identified three groups of students with meaningfully different dispositional profiles. Exploratory factor analysis revealed two underlying dispositional dimensions, representing epistemic and agentic attributes. Epistemic attributes were most closely related to academic achievement.

Practical implications

It is argued that students at Master’s level typically possess the agentic attributes necessary for effective self-regulation. At this level, therefore, epistemic attributes are more relevant for differentiating between higher and lower achieving students. The attainment of sophisticated epistemic attributes is in line with the stated goals of postgraduate education. This supports the explicit teaching of metacognitive and epistemic skills within postgraduate degrees.

Originality/value

This study contributes a detailed analysis of Master’s students’ dispositional profiles. Two underlying dispositional dimensions are identified, representing agentic and epistemic attributes. The importance of epistemic attributes for postgraduate academic achievement identifies an opportunity for targeted interventions to raise the quality of learning at this level.
The past is prologue part II: a study of PDS comparison dissertations
Authors: Yendol-Hoppey Diane , Garin Eva
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The study aims to present a logic map linking the Professional Development School (PDS) Nine Essentials as a PDS theory of action and offer an analysis of dissertations that compare outcomes of learning in PDS and non-PDS contexts.

Design/methodology/approach

For this current study, the authors identified 25 of the 210 dissertations from a larger study that used a comparison methodology to provide a window into how learning in PDS and non-PDS settings may differ. In reviewing these comparison studies, the authors identified a set of clustered themes, as well as a variety of comparison constructs and measurements researchers used to determine the impact of PDS.

Findings

Five themes emerged including (1) the experience of learning to teach in a PDS setting vs. a non-PDS; (2) the experience of teaching in a PDS vs. non-PDS; (3) teacher candidate quality in a PDS vs. non-PDS; (4) teacher quality in a PDS vs. non-PDS; (5) school leader quality in a PDS vs. non-PDS; and (6) K-12 student learning in PDS vs. non-PDS.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations of this study include the complications related to comparison, logic-related fallacies and the complexity of capturing simultaneous renewal.

Originality/value

In the 30th year of PDS work, the study utilizes a theory of action comprised of linking the PDS Nine Essentials to situate the comparison dissertation analysis of outcomes in PDS and non-PDS contexts suggesting challenges and possibilities and perhaps a direction for new research questions.
Characterization and optimization of weld properties due to the effect of different pin profiles for AA8011 – based friction stir welding
Authors: Lonavath Srinivas Naik , Boda Hadya
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This Friction stir welding study aims to weld thick AA8011 aluminium plates, and the interface joints created with a variety of tool pin profiles were examined for their effects on the welding process.

Design/methodology/approach

Scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to examine the macro and micro-structural characteristics, as well as the fracture surfaces, of tensile specimens. The mechanical properties (tensile, hardness tests) of the base metal and the welded specimens under a variety of situations being tested. Additionally, a fracture toughness test was used to analyse the resilience of the base metal and the best weldments to crack formation. Using a response surface methodology with a Box–Behnken design, the optimum values for the three key parameters (rotational speed, welding speed and tool pin profile) positively affecting the weld quality were established.

Findings

The results demonstrate that a defect-free junction can be obtained by using a cylindrical tool pin profile, increasing the rotational speed while decreasing the welding speeds. The high temperature and compressive residual stress generated during welding leads to the increase in grain size. The grain size of the welded zone for optimal conditions is significantly smaller and the hardness of the stir zone is higher than the other experimental run parameters.

Originality/value

The work focuses on the careful examination of microstructures behaviour under various tool pin profile responsible for the change in mechanical properties. The mathematical model generated using Taguchi approach and parameters was optimized by using multi-objectives response surface methodology techniques.
Training the ageing bodies: New knowledge paradigms and professional practices in elderly care
Authors: Kamp Annette , Dybbroe Betina
Published: June 2023

In the Scandinavian countries, reablement has become a principle permeating all parts of elderly care, hence potentially transforming care and care work. This article explores the advent of new knowledge paradigms and practices of physiotherapists and occupational therapists transforming reabling care in particular ways, leading to what we term a logic of training emerging in the field. These professional groups have obtained a dominant position as reablement specialists in Norway and Denmark, where our extensive fieldwork was performed as part of a 3‐year research project. Taking inspiration from Annemarie Mol’s concept of logic, we study how professional practices are organised and infused with specific values, meanings and ideals in situated contexts. We hence explore the logic of training, its abstracted image of the body and rational goal‐oriented model for progress measurement and its ramifications when addressing ageing bodies in a complex field marked by the unpredictabilities of the social and lived bodies, administrative rules and temporalities and the quest for empowering and involving clients. The paper concludes by pointing at new contradictions arising when practicing reabling care and particularly points out the tensions arising in care relations, where ambitions on empowering and disciplining the client and the elderly body may collide.
Investigating cost non‐attendance as a driver of inflated welfare estimates in mixed‐logit models
Authors: Rollins Curtis
Published: June 2023

Choice models are used by applied economists for many purposes, such as non‐market valuation or estimating willingness to pay for novel food and product attributes. Mixed‐logit models allow researchers to account for preference heterogeneity and complex decision‐making processes when modelling choices. In mixed‐logit models, parameters of monetary attributes such as prices typically are assumed to follow a negative lognormal random distribution to ensure that the marginal utility of a price increase is strictly negative. However, this practice can cause means and standard deviations of welfare estimates to ‘explode’ to unfeasibly large levels, as the model assumes there are some marginal utilities of cost approaching zero. This paper examines whether cost non‐attendance, which occurs when respondents ignore costs in stated‐preference studies, could be a cause of inflated welfare estimates when a lognormal cost parameter is used. A two‐class equality‐constrained latent‐class model is proposed, in which the cost parameter is fixed at zero for a cost non‐attender class and is specified as a random lognormal parameter for cost attenders. This proposed model produces mean welfare estimates that are 17 times lower than a mixed‐logit model with a lognormal cost parameter, and 10% lower than a model with a non‐random cost parameter. These results suggest that cost non‐attendance can result in inflated welfare estimates when employing a lognormal cost parameter, and that accounting for cost non‐attendance could be a simple, parsimonious solution to this problem.
‘There will be no shortage of Cabinet ministers taking part in the Scottish referendum campaign. The same is not true in Wales’: New Labour, Old Struggles, and the Advent of Welsh Devolution*
Authors: Evans Adam
Published: June 2023

Devolution to Scotland and Wales was a central pillar of the legislative agenda of the Labour government elected in 1997, yet despite the constitutional significance of this programme it was undertaken without particular enthusiasm by the then prime minister, Tony Blair. Nowhere was this blend of significant change, yet pervasive lack of passion (or interest) more apparent than devolution to Wales. Drawing upon recently released archival documents, this article will explore the New Labour government's approach to devolution in Wales.

These papers provide fresh evidence of the second order nature, and treatment, of Welsh devolution compared to the attention provided to Scottish devolution, as well as of the narcissism of small details which pervaded Whitehall's discussions of Welsh devolution (with considerable energy, for example, dedicated to questions about the titles which leading figures in the Assembly would be given). These papers also bear testament to the struggles which Ron Davies, the then secretary of state for Wales, faced in securing even a minor scheme of devolution and the tensions he experienced with the centre of government.
Legal Geographies of Displacement through Renovation: Legal Interpretative Practices in Sweden
Authors: Polanska Dominika V.
Published: June 2023

How the legal is implicated in the production of space and how displacement is both a material and discursive process stands at the fore of this study. The aim is to examine how the law is interpreted in cases of approval of renovation of rental housing and how these interpretations are articulated, presented, and justified in the Swedish context. Questions on what definitions and justifications are used in the interpretative legal practice are linked to processes of discursive displacement of tenants. It is argued that the unequal relationship between property owners and tenants is sustained in this legal practice through the techniques of abstracting, naturalising, and shifting responsibility, and uncritically reproducing financial logics, thus contributing to discursive displacement of tenants. The arguments of tenants are silenced and circumscribed with economic and technical reasons, along with narrow and vague definitions, reflecting a position of privilege, and reproducing the politics of property.
Integrating real‐world data in cost‐effectiveness analysis of universal HLA‐B*15:02 screening in Malaysia
Authors: Chong Huey Yi , Lim Kheng‐Seang , Fong Si‐Lei , Shabaruddin Fatiha Hana , Dahlui Maznah , Mei Lai Pauline Siew , Ng Ching‐Ching , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn
Published: June 2023

Aims

Despite the availability of newer antiseizure medications, carbamazepine (CBZ) remains the gold standard. However, patients of Asian ancestry are susceptible to CBZ‐related severe cutaneous adverse reactions. Universal HLA‐B*15:02 screening is a promising intervention to address this. With the increasing recognition of integrating real‐world evidence in economic evaluations, the cost‐effectiveness of universal HLA‐B*15:02 screening was assessed using available real‐world data in Malaysia.

Methods

A hybrid model of a decision tree and Markov model was developed to evaluate 3 strategies for treating newly diagnosed epilepsy among adults: (i) CBZ initiation without HLA‐B*15:02 screening (current practice); (ii) universal HLA‐B*15:02 screening prior to CBZ initiation; and (iii) alternative prescribing without HLA‐B*15:02 screening. The model was populated with real‐world inputs derived from the Malaysian population. From a societal perspective, base‐case analysis and sensitivity analyses estimated the costs and outcomes over a lifetime. Incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios were calculated.

Results

In the base‐cases analysis, universal HLA‐B*15:02 screening yielded the lowest total costs and the highest total quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. Compared with current practice, universal screening was less costly by USD100 and more effective by QALYs increase of 0.1306, while alternative prescribing resulted in 0.1383 QALYs loss at additional costs of USD332. The highest seizure remission rate (56%) was estimated for universal HLA‐B*15:02 screening vs. current practice (54%) and alternative prescribing (48%).

Conclusion

Our study suggests that universal HLA‐B*15:02 screening is a cost‐effective intervention in Malaysia. With the demonstrated value of real‐world evidence in economic evaluations, more relevant standardization efforts should be emphasized to better inform decision‐making.
Visitor restrictions in hospitals during infectious disease outbreaks: An ethical approach to policy development and requests for exemptions
Authors: McDougall Rosalind , Warton Chanelle , Chew Christopher , Delany Clare , Ko Danielle , Massie John
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we explore the ethics of restricting visitation to hospitals during an infectious disease outbreak. We aim to answer three questions: What are the features of an ethically justified hospital visitor restriction policy? Should policies include scope for case‐by‐case exemptions? How should decisions about exemptions be made? Based on a critical interpretive review of the existing ethical literature on visitor restrictions, we argue that an ethically justified hospital visitor restriction policy has the following features: proportionality, comprehensiveness, harm mitigation, exemptions for specific patient populations, visitation decisions made separately from a patient's treating clinicians, transparency, and consistency in application. We also argue that an ethical policy ought to include scope for case‐by‐case exemptions for individual patients. We propose a process for ethical decision‐making that provides a shared language and structure to decrease the risks and burdens of decision‐making when clinicians or managers are considering requests for exemptions.
Whose health and which health? Two theoretical flaws in the One Health paradigm
Authors: Selter Felicitas , Salloch Sabine
Published: June 2023

The One Health approach is a prominent paradigm for research and healthcare practice and increasingly applied in various fields. Theoretical and normative implications of the approach, however, remain underexposed so far, leading to conceptual incoherencies and uncertainties in the application of the concept. This article sheds light on two particularly influential theoretical flaws inherent to the One Health approach. The first difficulty relates to the question of whose health is considered in the One Health paradigm: humans and animals are obviously situated on a different level than the environment, so that the individual, population, and ecosystem dimensions need to be considered. The second theoretical flaw is related to the question of which concept of health can be meaningfully referred to when speaking of One Health. This problem is addressed by analyzing four key theoretical conceptions of health from the philosophy of medicine (well‐being, natural functioning, capacity of achieving vital goals, and homeostasis and resilience) regarding their suitability for the aims of One Health initiatives. It appears that none of the concepts analyzed fully meets the demands of an equitable consideration of human, animal, and environmental health. Potential solutions lie in accepting that one concept of health is more appropriate for some entities than for others and/or forgoing the idea of a uniform conception of health. As a result of the analysis, the authors conclude that theoretical and normative assumptions underlying concrete One Health initiatives should be made more explicit.
End‐tidal oxygen partial pressure is a strong prognostic predictive factor in patients with cardiac disease
Authors: Ogura Asami , Izawa Kazuhiro P. , Tawa Hideto , Wada Masaaki , Kanai Masashi , Kubo Ikko , Makihara Ayano , Yoshikawa Ryohei , Matsuda Yuichi
Published: June 2023

Background

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) variables represent central and peripheral factors and combined factors in the pathology of patients with cardiac disease. The difference in end‐tidal oxygen partial pressure from resting to anaerobic threshold (ΔPETO2) may represent predominantly peripheral factors. This study aimed to verify the prognostic significance of ΔPETO2 for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in cardiac patients, including comparison with the minute ventilation–carbon dioxide production relationship (VE/VCO2 slope), and peak oxygen uptake (VO2).

Methods

In total, 185 patients with cardiac disease who underwent CPET were consecutively enroled in this retrospective study. The primary endpoint was 3‐year MACCE. The ability of ΔPETO2, VE/VCO2 slope, and peak VO2 to predict MACCE was examined.

Results

Optimal cut‐off values for predicting MACCE were 2.0 mmHg for ΔPETO2 (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.829), 29.8 for VE/VCO2 slope (AUC: 0.734), and 19.0 mL/min/kg for peak VO2 (AUC: 0.755). The AUC of ΔPETO2 was higher than those of VE/VCO2 slope and peak VO2. The MACCE‐free survival rate was significantly lower in the ΔPETO2 ≤ 2.0 group versus the ΔPETO2 > 2.0 group (44.4% vs. 91.2%, p < 0.001). ΔPETO2 ≤ 2.0 was an independent predictor of MACCE after adjustment for age and VE/VCO2 slope (hazard ratio [HR], 7.28; p < 0.001) and after adjustment for age and peak VO2 (HR, 6.52; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

ΔPETO2 was a strong predictor of MACCE independent of and superior to VE/VCO2 slope and peak VO2 in patients with cardiac disease.
Outcomes of COVID‐19 hospitalizations in patients with sickle cell disease: A nationwide analysis
Authors: Ilerhunmwuwa Nosakhare Paul , Inyang Lawrence , Hakobyan Narek , Wasifuddin Mustafa , Tahir Muhammad , Aiwuyo Henry , Ankah Paul , Torere Beatrice E. , Amaechi Uchenna M. , Wang Jen Chin
Published: June 2023

Introduction

There is a paucity of data on the outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) in the United States. We examined the outcomes of patients with COVID‐19 and SCD.

Methods

We utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) to identify the data of patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 and SCD in 2020 using the International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision codes. In‐hospital outcomes (invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality) were compared between SCD and non‐SCD groups.

Results

Of the 1 057 550 COVID‐19 hospitalizations, 2870 (0.3%) had SCD. The median age of the SCD group was 42 (IQR: 31) vs. 66 (IQR: 23) in the non‐SCD group (p < .0001). Patients with SCD were likely to be females (62.02% vs. 37.98%, p < .0001), Blacks (87.81% vs. 12.19%, p < .0001), and in the lowest income quartile (50.62% vs. 11.15%, p < .0001). There was no difference in the outcomes between the two groups. There were increased odds of invasive mechanical ventilation and in‐hospital mortality in COVID‐19 in Asians, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Blacks (except for in‐hospital mortality) compared to Whites.

Conclusion

In‐hospital mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation outcomes in SCD are comparable to that in non‐SCD patients hospitalized with COVID‐19.