bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sistem Moneter Islam: Menuju Kesejahteraan Hakiki
Authors: Narullah Aan
Published: March 2017

The Studies in this article aims to look at how the efforts of the Islamic monetary system in creating the true welfare. Welfare in the conventional economic system (capitalist and socialist) contain of different meanings, when in the conventional economic system, welfare is defined only in terms of materials (material fulfillment), but in the Islamic economic system, welfare contains of broader meaning, the fulfillment of material and immaterial. As Islamic monetary strategy that prohibit sto use of interest, the Islamic monetary instrument does too. The Islamic monetary policy instrument is divided into three mazhab based on the period and the community needs at that time. The first mazhab is the instrument that introduced by mazhab iqtisoduna is Promissory Notes or Bill of Exchange kind of paper to get fresh funds. The second madzhab is the mainstream instruments mazhab that used Dues of Idle Fund is policy instrument that is charged on all assets which are idle. The third mazhab is the alternative monetary system that advocated of Syuratiq Process. It is where a policy that taken by the monetary authorities is based on discussion prior with the real sector. Which is the main characteristic of the Islamic monetary system in its policy instruments are not leaving the ideology of Islamic economics nor throw needs of economic returns for economic players, namely profit sharing. Then it is expected satisfy the human need for material and immaterial, so the true welfare can be achieved
Pengaruh Zakat terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan (Studi Empiris pada Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia)
Authors: Rhamadhani Rika Febby
Published: March 2017

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect zakat on corporate performance in sharia banks in Indonesia. The data used in this research are secondary data obtained from the financial statements of each site Islamic Banks in Indonesia gathered through technical documentation in the form of documents and annual financial reports and other data related to this study. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and analytical methods used simple regression analysis. These results indicate significant influence between zakat on the corporate performance in sharia banks in Indonesia. This study recommend are the corporate does not to be afraid of issuing zakat, because in Islam, Allah already guarantee that Zakat issued will not reduce property and zakat is also an expense that can be deducted for taxable income and further research is expected to add the study period and a number of larger samples in order to obtain more accurate research results
The Roles of Information Technology in Islamic Bank Knowledge Management: A study of Two Syariah Banks in Palu
Authors: Nurdin Nurdin
Published: March 2017

Information technology has been considered as a vital tool  for modern organizations  to support their knowledge management projects. Previous studies have found that success knowledge management projects were supported by various information technology infrastructures. They addressed how information technology has succesfully implemented to support knowledge management project within conventional banks. However, limited study has been proposed regarding how information technology play roles in support knowledge management project within Islamic banks. Through the case study approach, the author studied the use of information technology for knowledge management process within two Bank Syariah (Bank Mandiri and Bank BNI Syariah) in Palu Central Sulawesi. The author collected data through observation, written material, and  in-depth interviews with key informants from both banks. The findings show that information technology infrastructures have played important roles in support knowledge management projects within the Islamic banks. Those information technology infrastructures includes internet, intranet, websites, communication application such as email, and social media.  This study sheds light and provides new insight on how information technology has succesfully used to support knowledge management within Islamic banks. The results benefits both academic and practioners in Islamic banks and knowledge managemet area. As the social media was an important finding for knowledge management in Islamic banks,  future research need to focus on how social media should be used for knowledge management projects in Islamic banks
Efektivitas Penggunaan Media Courselab Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa
Authors: Rizka Rizka , Said Muhazzab , T Irma
Published: March 2017

Courselab can be able to make the lessons more varied and fun, so that adds to the interest of students to participate in learning. This study aims to determine whether the use courselab effective in improving students' mathematics learning outcomes. This study is an experimental research conducted in class VIII MTs Guppi Tompe Luwu Utara. The samples are saturated sample consisting of all students of class VIII MTs Guppi Tompe consisting of two classes, namely class VIII A of 27 students (grade control) and VIII B class consisting of 22 students (experimental group). The instrument used is the achievement test. Descriptive analysis of pre-test the control class and experimental class was flat at 53.40 and 52.68. This means that both classes have the same level of learning outcomes. Meanwhile, the results of the descriptive analysis of post-test on the control and experimental classes are 55.55 and 76.77. Thus, it appears that the use of media courselab effective in improving learning outcomes math class VIII MTs Guppi Tompe.
Karakteristik Metakognisi Mahasiswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Matematika Berdasarkan Langkah-Langkah Polya Dan De Corte
Authors: Asmarani Dewi , Sholihah Ummu
Published: March 2017

This research describes the student metacognition profile Tadris Department of Mathematics State Islamic Institute Tulungagung based differences in mathematical ability that is highly capable student, medium, and low. Collecting data in this exploratory study done by solving mathematical problem solving and in-depth interviews. To get the process used metacognitive interview leads to the question steps to resolve the matter by the steps Polya and De Corte. Results of a study of college students show that students are capable of moderate or low it did not do a good metakognisis process in the last three stages of problem-solving by step Polya and De Corte. Students with moderate and low level of capability are only looking do metakognisis at the stage of understanding the problem, whereas high-ability students perform well metacognitive processes.
Analisis Kualitas Pembelajaran Guru Matematika dengan Menggunakan Model EKOP di SMK Teknologi Tri Tunggal ’45 Makassar
Authors: Raupu Sumardin
Published: March 2017

This research is a descriptive study that aimed to describe the quality of learning mathematics teacher at SMK Technology Tri Tunggal "45" based on the Model EKOP Makassar. Model EKOP is one Evaluation Model Learning Program, which not only assess the results (outputs) of learning, but also assesses the learning process carried out by the teacher. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire given to teachers and students in mathematics teaching by the math teacher. The subjects were all teachers of mathematics in Technological Trinity "45". Analysis of the data used is the average of each component looks for good learning process and learning output, then compares to the quality standards that have been set. The results showed that (1) the quality of the learning process of mathematics teachers in the name of AMRN measured using Model EKOP is Good. (2) The quality of the learning process of mathematics teachers in the name JMT measured using Model EKOP is Good. (3) The output quality of learning mathematics teacher on behalf AMRN measured using Model EKOP is Good. (4) The output quality of learning mathematics teacher on behalf of JMT measured using Model EKOP is Moderate. (5) The quality of mathematics teacher learning program on behalf AMRN measured using Model EKOP are Good. (6) The quality of the learning program for mathematics teachers in the name JMT measured using Model EKOP is Moderate.
PENGARUH METAKOGNISI DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA MELALUI KREATIVITAS SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI DI KEC. KINDANG KAB. BULUKUMBA
Authors: Ihsan Muhammad
Published: March 2017

Several factors that influence students’ ability to solve mathematics problem are metacognition, learning motivation, and learning creativity on mathematics. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the influence level of metacognition and learning motivation toward mathematics problem solving ability through learning creativity of students. The population was students at grade VIII of public junior high school in Kindang sub district of Bulukumba. Technique of sampling was by equal size random sampling. The data were collected through questionnaire and test, and then analyzed by using descriptive statistics and SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) analysis. The result revealed that (1) there is a positive significant influence of metacognition toward learning creativity; (2) there is also a positive significant influence of learning motivation toward learning creativity; (3) the direct influence of metacognition toward mathematics problem solving ability is positive and significant; (4) the direct influence of learning motivation toward mathematics problem solving ability is positive significant; (5) there is a positive significant influence of learning creativity toward mathematics problem solving ability; (6) the indirect influence of metacognition toward mathematics problem solving ability through learning creativity is positive significant; and (7) the indirect influence of learning motivation toward mathematics problem solving ability through learning creativity is positive and significant.
CERAI TALAK DI KOTA PALOPO (FAKTOR PENYEBAB DAN SOLUSINYA DALAM STUDI KASUS DI PENGADILAN AGAMA)
Authors: Nur Muhammad Tahmid
Published: March 2017

Marriage is one of the manifestations of human nature in the world to find happines, and make their descendant. Unfortunately, not all marriages are lasting until the end of the age, and not a litle ended in divorce. one case of divorce, is when a husband on his wife filed for divorce in religious courts. It dilator overshadow the many factors causing the disharmony that leads to divorce. However, the judiciary and the associated constantly seek and forge solutions to minimize the number of divorce cases divorce tends to increase from year to year.
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PERGURUAN TINGGI ISLAM DALAM MASYARAKAT HETEROGEN DI KOTA PALOPO
Authors: S Zainuddin
Published: March 2017

Social Responsibility Islamic college in a heterogeneous society is very important where there are various permaslahan ranging from social, religious, cultural, ethnic, and so on. Implementation of social responsibility programs implemented by IAIN college Palopo in the form of community service programs through research and community empowerment as a portion of Tridharma college. Various problems and constraints faced by IAIN Palopo is the lack of cooperation with the government, the lack of coordination of the implementation of activities, disseminate the results of research which is still low, the lack of real information regarding the condition of society, the implementation of the work program based on individual initiative, work programs aimed at specific groups, and there has been no work program, appropriate and sustainable for society.
REKONSEPTUALISASI GERAKAN DAKWAH JAMAAH TABLIGH KOTA PALOPO
Authors: Sulfikar Achmad
Published: March 2017

This study aims to acquire factual knowledge, understanding and expressing a variety of symptoms that arise throughout the process of conveying messages of dakwah by members of Jamaah Tabligh Palopo, and develop concepts, theoretical models, and communication approaches with regard to the role of Jamaah Tabligh as a preacher. Researchers conducted a participant observation of the Jamaah Tabligh Palopo uses dramaturgical theory of Erving Goffman, who use the theater metaphor to analyze human behavior. Through this research, will know what, why and how they're to preach, especially about their impression management in conveying the messages of dakwah. The author found that Jamaah Tabligh is more of a cultural movement, the movement clearly well organized. In the context of dramaturgy there is a clear line between the front stage and back stage, but Jamaah Tabligh give an opportunity to the public to at any time to cross the edge. Actors in this case members of the Jamaah Tabligh tried to play a good role as a preacher, it is dominated by the more spiritual motivation
Penataan Batas Wilayah Administrasi Desa, Hambatan dan Alternatif Solusi dengan Pendekatan Geospasial
Authors: Asadi Asadi
Published: March 2017

Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages provides additional evidence that Indonesia has paid more attention and respect to the existence of villages. The significant amount of village expansion lately is not matched with the clarity of village boundaries that may rise in to potential conflicts. Ideally, the entire instruments to structure village boundaries must first be prepared. One of the instruments needed is the availability of large scale of basic maps (topographical maps) as the main instrument of making a village map. Unfortunately, the large-scale topographical maps are not available yet. This paper provides an alternative acceleration of village boundaries arrangement using High Resolution Satellite Imagery Data that has passed orthorectified process. By involving the community and village leaders in the process of structuring boundaries, and supported by the spirit of fraternity, all problems occured during the activity of village boundaries can be solved with the very best solution.Keywords: village boundary, High Resolution Satellite Imagery Data, spirit of fraternityUndang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa memberikan tambahan bukti bahwa negara semakin memperhatikan dan menghormati keberadaan desa. Adanya pemekaran wilayah desa yang signifikan akhir-akhir ini, tidak diimbangi dengan kejelasan batas wilayah desa,berpotensi menimbulkan konflik. Idealnya, seluruh instrumen untuk melakukan penataan batas wilayah desa harus terlebih dahulu disiapkan. Salah satu instrumen tersebut adalah tersedianya peta dasar (peta rupabumi) skala besar sebagai bahan utama pembuatan peta desa. Sayangnya ketersediaan peta rupabumi skala besar belum tersedia. Tulisan ini memberikan alternatif percepatan penataan batas wilayah desa yang dapat menggunakan Citra Satelit Resolusi Tinggi (CSRT) yang sudah melalui proses ortorektifikasi. Dengan melibatkan masyarakat dan tokoh masyarakat desa dalam melakukan proses penataan batas wilayah, dan dengan didukung semangat persaudaraan, diharapkan permasalahan batas wilayah desa dapat diselesaikan dengan sebaik-baiknya.Kata kunci: batas desa, metode kartometrik, CSRT, semangat persaudaraan
The impact of preoperative epidural injections on postoperative infection in lumbar fusion surgery
Authors: Singla Anuj , Yang Scott , Werner Brian C. , Cancienne Jourdan M. , Nourbakhsh Ali , Shimer Adam L. , Hassanzadeh Hamid , Shen Francis H.
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE

Lumbar epidural steroid injections (LESIs) are performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes for a variety of indications, including low-back pain, the leading cause of disability and expense due to work-related conditions in the US. The steroid agent used in epidural injections is reported to relieve nerve root inflammation, local ischemia, and resultant pain, but the injection may also have an adverse impact on spinal surgery performed thereafter. In particular, the possibility that preoperative epidural injections may increase the risk of surgical site infection after lumbar spinal fusion has been reported but has not been studied in detail. The goal of the present study was to use a large national insurance database to analyze the association of preoperative LESIs with surgical site infection after lumbar spinal fusion.

METHODS

A nationwide insurance database of patient records was used for this retrospective analysis. Current Procedural Terminology codes were used to query the database for patients who had undergone LESI and 1- or 2-level lumbar posterior spinal fusion procedures. The rate of postoperative infection after 1- or 2-level posterior spinal fusion was analyzed. These study patients were then divided into 3 separate cohorts: 1) lumbar spinal fusion performed within 1 month after LESI, 2) fusion performed between 1 and 3 months after LESI, and 3) fusion performed between 3 and 6 months after LESI. The study patients were compared with a control cohort of patients who underwent lumbar fusion without previous LESI.

RESULTS

The overall 3-month infection rate after lumbar spinal fusion procedure was 1.6% (1411 of 88,540 patients). The infection risk increased in patients who received LESI within 1 month (OR 2.6, p < 0.0001) or 1–3 months (OR 1.4, p = 0.0002) prior to surgery compared with controls. The infection risk was not significantly different from controls in patients who underwent lumbar fusion more than 3 months after LESI.

CONCLUSIONS

Lumbar spinal fusion performed within 3 months after LESI may be associated with an increased rate of postoperative infection. This association was not found when lumbar fusion was performed more than 3 months after LESI.
Optimum design of salient magnetic gear with novel pole piece by central composite design
Authors: Park Eui-Jong , Kim Sung-Jin , Kim Yong-Jae
Published: March 2017

The mechanical gear, which is used in many fields of modern industry, is used primarily in power transmitting mechanical devices. Magnetic gears, which solve the physical contact problem of mechanical gears, have drawn much attention. The magnetic gear has many advantages such as no mechanical friction loss, very little noise and vibration, and no need for lubricant. Because of these unique noncontact characteristics, the magnetic gear has many advantages and allows for high efficiency operation. However, magnetic gears are expensive because they contain rare-earth permanent magnets, to generate magnetic fields and thereby transmit power by using a magnetic field generated by permanent magnet. Therefore, this paper applies the salient structure of the conventional magnetic gear and progress optimization of both magnet angle and novel pole pieces using central composite design, which is a response surface method. In addition, experimental data required for predicting the relationships among design variables are obtained using the finite element method based on 2-D numerical analysis.
Breast Cancer—Major changes in the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition cancer staging manual
Authors: Giuliano Armando E. , Connolly James L. , Edge Stephen B. , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Rugo Hope S. , Solin Lawrence J. , Weaver Donald L. , Winchester David J. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N.
Published: March 2017

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE

The revision of the eighth edition of the primary tumor, lymph node, and metastasis (TNM) classification of the American Joint Commission of Cancer (AJCC) for breast cancer was determined by a multidisciplinary team of breast cancer experts. The panel recognized the need to incorporate biologic factors, such as tumor grade, proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression prognostic panels into the staging system. AJCC levels of evidence and guidelines for all tumor types were followed as much as possible. The panel felt that, to maintain worldwide value, the tumor staging system should remain based on TNM anatomic factors. However, the recognition of the prognostic influence of grade, hormone receptor expression, and HER2 amplification mandated their inclusion into the staging system. The value of commercially available, gene‐based assays was acknowledged and prognostic input added. Tumor biomarkers and low Oncotype DX recurrence scores can alter prognosis and stage. These updates are expected to provide additional precision and flexibility to the staging system and were based on the extent of published information and analysis of large, as yet unpublished databases. The eighth edition of the AJCC TNM staging system, thus, provides a flexible platform for prognostic classification based on traditional anatomic factors, which can be modified and enhanced using patient biomarkers and multifactorial prognostic panel data. The eighth edition remains the worldwide basis for breast cancer staging and will incorporate future online updates to remain timely and relevant. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:290–303. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Hysteroscopy- as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Measure in Infertility- A Review on it
Authors: Janna JR
Published: March 2017

Background: Although hysteroscopy has proved to be a standard diagnostic tool in the uterine pathology, its use in the primary infertility workup is not established yet and as a therapeutic role in the management of infertility although proved, not widespread in use. I therefore aimed to review the journals to work out on diagnostic and therapeutic role of hysteroscopy in the management of infertility.Method: The literature searched was published in the English language using terms for hysteroscopy, infertility, diagnostic, therapeutic, pregnancy or conception rate, polyps, fibroids, congenital anomalies, Ashermans syndrome, adhesions and assisted reproductive techniques in MEDLINE, EMBASE, GOOGLE, SAGES, RCOG for relevant studies. Importance given to randomized controlled trial, prospective or retrospective studies with large study population.Results: I summarized and appraised the evidence for the benefit yielded by the use of hysteroscopy. It is found that as diagnostic tool in infertility workup hysteroscopy is superior to other available methods. Although there was no signifi- cant difi'erence regarding findings of intrauterine pathology between primary and secondary infertility, it is obvious that hysteroscopic removal of these pathology increased pregnancy rate not only in these two groups but also in In-vitro fertilization (IVF) and Intrauterine insemination (IUI) failure cases.Conclusion: Consideration should be given not only as a therapeutic role of hysteroscopy but also as a primary infertility workup in the management of infertility.Pulse Vol.9 January-December 2016 p.37-44
A Case Report on Frontal Osteoma
Authors: Molla MR , Ferdousi F , Shankar DR , Karim AKMB
Published: March 2017

A 13 years old boy admitted with the complaint of progressive exophthalmos and gradually decreasing vision on right eye, also occasional headache and deformity on the right fronto-orbital region. Radiological & clinical findings revealed a case of frontal osteoma in the right frontal sinus extending up to right frontal lobe, eroding right roof of the orbit. Complete excision of the tumor mass was possible surgically. Biopsy confirmed a case of osteoma. Below is a discussion on diagnosis & management of frontal osteomaPulse Vol.9 January-December 2016 p.45-48
A Case of Successful Pregnancy Outcome with a Large Ovarian Cyst- A Case Report
Authors: Janna JR , Khanam K
Published: March 2017

Ovarian cysts during pregnancy are not uncommon. With increasing use of early antenatal ultrasound, the incidental discovery of adnexal masses during early gestation is a clinically relevant problem that requires careful consideration. Here, we have presented a case in pregnancy with a large ovarian cyst with a history of unilateral oophorectomy in pre-pregnancy state due to complex ovarian mass. She is a case of 26 years old prirnigravid, presented at 8 weeks of gestation with clinical and ultasonographic detection of a large cyst (about 9.2cm x 6.9cm) in the left ovary with suspicion of dermoid cyst. She had a history of right sided oophorectomy due to complex ovarian cyst at her 18 years of age which was histologically proved to be benign. This patient was treated conservatively with relevant investigation and tumour markers which was found insignificant with an aim to continue pregnancy until at least 14 weeks of gestation and was vigilant enough for early detection of any complication. Operative interference was not done at this stage due to increased chance of early fetal loss & clinically benign nature of the tumour. The tumour was persisting and gradually increasing in nature and at 11 weeks gestation it was about 11cm x 10om, suggestive of dermoid. Although clinically stable, with a fairly large ovarian cyst which was increasing in size & with a suspicion of filture torsion that will damage the only persisting ovary, this patient underwent laparotomy followed by ovarian cystectomy at 15 weeks of gestation. Close monitoring of the rest of the pregnancy period was done & it was uneventful except at 32 weeks of gestation she developed PIH which was managed conservatively. She underwent caesarean section at 38 weeks of gestation due to fetal distress.Pulse Vol.9 January-December 2016 p.49-53
Incompatible Crossmatch with Bombay Phenotype (Oh) - A Case Report
Authors: Huda KM , Kibria OFG
Published: March 2017

Blood serology plays a vital role in transfusion medicine. Presence of an irregular antibody (anti H) in the plasma reacting with all the red cells exhibiting the normal red cell ABO phenotype, the h/h (Bombay) phenotype. The h/h phenotype also known as Oh or Bombay blood group is a rare blood type. It was first discovered in Bombay (Mumbai) in India by Dr.Y.G. Bhende et al in 19521 Generally present in about 4 per million of the human population, though in some places such as Mumbai (Bombay) locals can have occurrences in as much as 1 in 10,000 of inhabitants2 It is also very rare in Bangladesh. The first case was reported in 1990 where three sisters in a same family were of 'Bombay' phenotype3. A 28-year-old male of Noakhali district was admitted to Apollo Hospitals Dhaka on 21st may 2016 with road traffic accident with pelvic fracture. His ABC and Rh blood group was detected as 0 positive by usual blood grouping test procedure. But his cross match was incompatible with several 0 positive blood units. Though the patients blood group phenotype initially mimic normal group 0 type by usual test procedure but became apparent when his serum was tested against group 0 red cells and strong Mediate spin agglutination developed at a thermal range 4° to 37°C. After testing with anti H Lectin, Ulex europaeus having anti H like activity, it was detected as Bombay blood group. Therefore, proper serum grouping using A cell, B cell and 0 cell is necessary to detect this group. Bombay phenotype individual do not express H, A and B antigen on their red cells and secretions but their plasma contains potent anti H, anti A and anti B due to lack H antigen4 Normal 0 group red cells does not have A or B antigen but their membrane expresses abundant H antigen. Anti H of Bombay phenotype serum gives incompatible cross match with all red blood cells of normal ABO phenotype containing H antigen. oh phenotype person can receive only autologous blood or blood from another Bombay blood group donor.5 This patient has received blood from her own sister who was also Bombay phenotype but his other four brothers were normal 0 group. Later on he was transfused with blood from Bombay blood group donor, arranged from Think Foundation, Mumbai, India for his orthopedic surgery. Both forward and reverse grouping is important for safe transfusion. If not followed, it may lead to people with Bombay blood group, not being detected and categorized as 0 group. Therefore, proper reverse grouping is necessary to detect this group and cross matching at different thermal range also plays a vital role in transfusion safety.Pulse Vol.9 January-December 2016 p.54-59
Multiple Biliary Hamartomas (von Meyenburg complexes) - A Case Report
Authors: Parvin A , Chowdhury ZI
Published: March 2017

Multiple biliary hamartoma (MBH) is a rare cause of multiple benign hepatic lesions. The condition is also known as von Meyenburg complexes, multiple bile duct hamartomas and biliary microhamartomas. MBH is asymptomatic and usually found incidentally where it is important to differentiate from other causes of multiple liver lesions particularly liver metastases. Histologically, they consist of cystic dilatation of the bile duct, encompassed by fibrous stroma. We reported a 74 year old male patient with multiple hepatic lesions which ultrasonographic appearance suggested multiple hepatic cysts. The diagnosis of MBH was made by MRCP of whole abdomen. Recognition of this unusual lesion is essential to avoid confusion with other cystic tumors of the liver specially liver metastases and to learn more about its natural history and response to treatment.Pulse Vol.9 January-December 2016 p.60-63
Ventricular Septal Defect with Pulmonary Valve Endocarditis with Vegetation - Successful Surgical Treatment in Apollo Hospitals Dhaka
Authors: Zahangir NM , Hasan MK , Meher T , Basak RK , Rayhan MN , Ahmed N , Haider MZ
Published: March 2017

Background: Pulmonary valve vegetation with ventricular septal defect needs early surgical intervention.Case presentation: A 21 years old man got admitted in Apollo Hospitals Dhaka, with the complaints of dyspnoea on exertion since childhood. Echocardiogram revealed a large perimembranous ventricular septal defect, moderate pulmonary stenosis, vegetation attached with pulmonary valve leaflet moving during systole & diastole. During operation ventricular septal defect was closed by dacron patch. Large vegetation was excised from anterior cusp of pulmonary valve. A perforation in right cusp of pulmonary valve was repaired with pericardial patch. Transesophageal Echocardiogram revealed well functioning ventricles and no leakage through the repaired Ventricular Septal Defect and pericardial patch in pulmonary valve leaflet.Result: Culture Sensitivity from vegetation showed no growth and histopathological examination revealed tissue consistent with vegetation of Pulmonary Valve. Post- operative echocardiogram showed no residual shunt or vegetation. The patient was discharged on 8th post operative day in good general condition and is doing well till now.Conclusion: Pulmonary valve endocarditis with vegetation with ventricular septal defect is a rare association. Early surgical intervention gives good outcome.Pulse Vol.9 January-December 2016 p.69-72
More’sUtopiaand Never-ending Dialogue
Authors: Harp Jerry
Published: March 2017

Although Raphael Hythloday holds out for a vision of knowledge subject to a univocal language style, Thomas More’s Utopia as a whole envisions knowledge as part of an ongoing dialogue open to a variety of languages and language styles. The philosophy that emerges from this text takes its cue from the commonplace of the theatre of the world, according to which participants do well to speak in accordance with the roles and scenes in which they find themselves. In this preference for a rhetorical philosophy, More in some ways anticipates, mutatis mutandis, the “relationist” and deconstructive work of such 20th-century figures as Walter J. Ong and Jacques Derrida. This article reads Utopia as a text devoted to the reader’s formation to participate in this work of open-ended investigation.
Development of a Preliminary Design Method for Subsonic Splittered Blades in Highly Loaded Axial-Flow Compressors
Authors: Liu Baojie , Fu Du , Yu Xianjun
Published: March 2017

This paper presents a model for predicting the reference minimum-loss incidence and deviation angles of a blade arrangement with splitter vanes, which is probably a solution for future ultra-highly loaded axial compressor designs. The motivation of the modeling is to guide the blading design in splittered compressor design processes where the additional splitter vanes must be specially considered. The development of the model is based on a blade performance database from systematic numerical simulations. Basic correlations of the model are firstly proposed, which consider dominant blade geometry parameters related to blade loading, including camber angle and solidity. Secondly, geometric and aerodynamic corrections about orientation parameter, blade maximum thickness, inlet Mach number, and three-dimensional (3D) effects are empirically incorporated into the basic correlations. Eventually, a subsonic 3D splittered rotor is designed using the correlations coupled with the corrections obtained from the validation of the model. The results indicate that the model is able to achieve a good agreement within an error band of ±1.0° for the predictions of both reference minimum-loss incidence and deviation angles, and the rotor designed using the model accomplishes the desired work input and flow deflection.
A Case Study of Assimilating Lightning-Proxy Relative Humidity with WRF-3DVAR
Authors: Wang Ying , Yang Yi , Liu Dongxia , Zhang Dongbin , Yao Wen , Wang Chenghai
Published: March 2017

Lightning network data, considered as a useful supplement to radar observations, are a good indicator of severe convection, and has high temporal and spatial resolution. In Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, lightning data are a new source of data to improve the forecasting of convective systems. In this case study, lightning data assimilation is conducted by converting lightning data to water vapor mixing ratio via a simple smooth continuous function, with input variables of total flash rate and simulated graupel mixing ratio at 9 km gridded resolution. Relative humidity converted from the retrieved water vapor mixing ratio is assimilated into the background field utilizing the three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) method in WRFDA (the Weather Research and Forecasting model Data Assimilation system). The benefits of assimilating lightning data are demonstrated in a series of experiments using data from a strong convection event that affected Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and Shandong Province, on 31 July 2007. A nested domain with resolutions of 9 km and 3 km is implemented. For this case, assimilating lightning data shows some improvements in predictions of both reflectivity and neighboring precipitation, and in the temperature, dew-point temperature and relative humidity profile after seven hours.
Optimization of a Diaphragm for a Micro-Shock Tube-Based Drug Delivery Method
Authors: Rathod Vivek , Mahapatra Debiprosad
Published: March 2017

This paper presents the design optimization of diaphragms for a micro-shock tube-based drug delivery device. The function of the diaphragm is to impart the required velocity and direction to the loosely held drug particles on the diaphragm through van der Waals interaction. The finite element model-based studies involved diaphragms made up of copper, brass and aluminium. The study of the influence of material and geometric parameters serves as a vital tool in optimizing the magnitude and direction of velocity distribution on the diaphragm surface. Experiments carried out using a micro-shock tube validate the final deformed shape of the diaphragms determined from the finite element simulation. The diaphragm yields a maximum velocity of 335 m/s for which the maximum deviation of the velocity vector is 0.62°. Drug particles that travel to the destination target tissue are simulated using the estimated velocity distribution and angular deviation. Further, a theoretical model of penetration helps in the prediction of the drug particle penetration in the skin tissue like a target, which is found to be 0.126 mm. The design and calibration procedure of a micro-shock tube device to alter drug particle penetration considering the skin thickness and property are presented.
A Model of Mechanothermodynamic Entropy in Tribology
Authors: Sosnovskiy Leonid , Sherbakov Sergei
Published: March 2017

A brief analysis of entropy concepts in continuum mechanics and thermodynamics is presented. The methods of accounting for friction, wear and fatigue processes in the calculation of the thermodynamic entropy are described. It is shown that these and other damage processes of solids are more adequately described by tribo-fatigue entropy. It was established that mechanothermodynamic entropy calculated as the sum of interacting thermodynamic and tribo-fatigue entropy components has the most general character. Examples of usage (application) of tribo-fatigue and mechanothermodynamic entropies for practical analysis of wear and fatigue processes are given.
Numerical Study of the Effects of Thermal Barrier Coating and Turbulence Intensity on Cooling Performances of a Nozzle Guide Vane
Authors: Prapamonthon Prasert , Xu Huazhao , Yang Wenshuo , Wang Jianhua
Published: March 2017

This work presents a numerical investigation of the combined effects of thermal barrier coating (TBC) with mainstream turbulence intensity (Tu) on a modified vane of the real film-cooled nozzle guide vane (NGV) reported by Timko (NASA CR-168289). Using a 3D conjugate heat transfer (CHT) analysis, the NGVs with and without TBC are simulated at three Tus (Tu = 3.3%, 10% and 20%). The overall cooling effectiveness, TBC effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient are analyzed and discussed. The results indicate the following three interesting phenomena: (1) TBC on the pressure side (PS) is more effective than that on the suction side (SS) due to a fewer number of film holes on the SS; (2) for all three Tus, the variation trends of the overall cooling effectiveness are similar, and TBC plays the positive and negative roles in heat flux at the same time, and significantly increases the overall cooling effectiveness in regions cooled ineffectively by cooling air; (3) when Tu increases, the TBC effect is more significant, for example, at the highest Tu (Tu = 20%) the overall cooling effectiveness can increase as much as 24% in the film cooling ineffective regions, but near the trailing edge (TE) and the exits and downstream of film holes on the SS, this phenomenon is slight.
Evaluation of Bent Trees in Juvenile Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Plantations in Costa Rica: Effects on Tree Morphology and Wood Properties
Authors: Guzmán Nancy , Moya Roger , Murillo Olmán
Published: March 2017

Bent trees have been observed during the early years in juvenile plantations (less than 5 years-old) of Tectona grandis in Costa Rica. The relationship between bending and the morphological characteristics of the trees was explored. An evaluation of bent trees was conducted in six juvenile plantations (8, 17, 27, 28, 31, and 54 months old) of Tectona grandis. Site 1 with 8-month-old plantations did not display any relationship with any tree morphological variable (diameter, height, and crown weight of tree), whereas for the sites 2, 3, and 4 with 17-, 27-, and 28-month-old plantations, respectively, all the tree morphological variables were statistically correlated with the bent trees. A multiple regression analysis showed that the most influential variables were height to crown base, crown weight, diameter, and total height of the tree. An evaluation of the bending risk factor (RF) was correlated with the height to crown base, crown weight, and form factor. The modulus of elasticity and chemical compositions of bent trees differed from those of straight trees. The causes of tree bending are complex, involving, among other factors, the morphology of the trees, plantation conditions, and other factors specific to the xylem, such as the specific gravity, modulus of elasticity, and presence of calcium and magnesium in the wood.
Assessment of Radioactive Materials and Heavy Metals in the Surface Soil around the Bayanwula Prospective Uranium Mining Area in China
Authors: Bai Haribala , Hu Bitao , Wang Chengguo , Bao Shanhu , Sai Gerilemandahu , Xu Xiao , Zhang Shuai , Li Yuhong
Published: March 2017

The present work is the first systematic and large scale study on radioactive materials and heavy metals in surface soil around the Bayanwula prospective uranium mining area in China. In this work, both natural and anthropogenic radionuclides and heavy metals in 48 surface soil samples were analyzed using High Purity Germanium (HPGe) γ spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The obtained mean activity concentrations of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs were 25.81 ± 9.58, 24.85 ± 2.77, 29.40 ± 3.14, 923.0 ± 47.2, and 5.64 ± 4.56 Bq/kg, respectively. The estimated average absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose rate were 76.7 ± 3.1 nGy/h and 83.1 ± 3.8 μSv, respectively. The radium equivalent activity, external hazard index, and internal hazard index were also calculated, and their mean values were within the acceptable limits. The estimated lifetime cancer risk was 3.2 × 10−4/Sv. The heavy metal contents of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb from the surface soil samples were measured and their health risks were then assessed. The concentrations of all heavy metals were much lower than the average backgrounds in China except for lead which was about three times higher than that of China’s mean. The non-cancer and cancer risks from the heavy metals were estimated, which are all within the acceptable ranges. In addition, the correlations between the radionuclides and the heavy metals in surface soil samples were determined by the Pearson linear coefficient. Strong positive correlations between radionuclides and the heavy metals at the 0.01 significance level were found. In conclusion, the contents of radionuclides and heavy metals in surface soil around the Bayanwula prospective uranium mining area are at a normal level.
Mercury Levels in Human Hair and Farmed Fish near Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining Communities in the Madre de Dios River Basin, Peru
Authors: Langeland Aubrey , Hardin Rebecca , Neitzel Richard
Published: March 2017

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) has been an important source of income for communities in the Madre de Dios River Basin in Peru for hundreds of years. However, in recent decades, the scale of ASGM activities in the region has increased dramatically, and exposures to a variety of occupational and environmental hazards related to ASGM, including mercury, are becoming more widespread. The aims of our study were to: (1) examine patterns in the total hair mercury level of human participants in several communities in the region and compare these results to the 2.2 µg/g total hair mercury level equivalent to the World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee of Food Additives (JECFA)’s Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI); and (2), to measure the mercury levels of paco (Piaractus brachypomus) fish raised in local aquaculture ponds, in order to compare these levels to the EPA Fish Tissue Residue Criterion of 0.3 µg Hg/g fish (wet weight). We collected hair samples from 80 participants in four communities (one control and three where ASGM activities occurred) in the region, and collected 111 samples from fish raised in 24 local aquaculture farms. We then analyzed the samples for total mercury. Total mercury levels in hair were statistically significantly higher in the mining communities than in the control community, and increased with increasing geodesic distance from the Madre de Dios headwaters, did not differ by sex, and frequently exceeded the reference level. Regression analyses indicated that higher hair mercury levels were associated with residence in ASGM communities. The analysis of paco fish samples found no samples that exceeded the EPA tissue residue criterion. Collectively, these results align with other recent studies showing that ASGM activities are associated with elevated human mercury exposure. The fish farmed through the relatively new process of aquaculture in ASGM areas appeared to have little potential to contribute to human mercury exposure. More research is needed on human health risks associated with ASGM to discern occupational, residential, and nutritional exposure, especially through tracking temporal changes in mercury levels as fish ponds age, and assessing levels in different farmed fish species. Additionally, research is needed to definitively determine that elevated mercury levels in humans and fish result from the elemental mercury from mining, rather than from a different source, such as the mercury released from soil erosion during deforestation events from mining or other activities.
The Relation between Frequency of E-Cigarette Use and Frequency and Intensity of Cigarette Smoking among South Korean Adolescents
Authors: Lee Jung , Lee Sungkyu , Cho Hong-Jun
Published: March 2017

Introduction: The prevalence of adolescent electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has increased in most countries. This study aims to determine the relation between the frequency of e-cigarette use and the frequency and intensity of cigarette smoking. Additionally, the study evaluates the association between the reasons for e-cigarette use and the frequency of its use. Materials and Methods: Using the 2015 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey, we included 6655 adolescents with an experience of e-cigarette use who were middle and high school students aged 13–18 years. We compared smoking experience, the frequency and intensity of cigarette smoking, and the relation between the reasons for e-cigarette uses and the frequency of e-cigarette use. Results: The prevalence of e-cigarette ever and current (past 30 days) users were 10.1% and 3.9%, respectively. Of the ever users, approximately 60% used e-cigarettes not within 1 month. On the other hand, 8.1% used e-cigarettes daily. The frequent and intensive cigarette smoking was associated with frequent e-cigarette uses. The percentage of frequent e-cigarette users (≥10 days/month) was 3.5% in adolescents who did not smoke within a month, but 28.7% among daily smokers. Additionally, it was 9.1% in smokers who smoked less than 1 cigarette/month, but 55.1% in smokers who smoked ≥20 cigarettes/day. The most common reason for e-cigarette use was curiosity (22.9%), followed by the belief that they are less harmful than conventional cigarettes (18.9%), the desire to quit smoking (13.1%), and the capacity for indoor use (10.7%). Curiosity was the most common reason among less frequent e-cigarette users; however, the desire to quit smoking and the capacity for indoor use were the most common reasons among more frequent users. Conclusions: Results showed a positive relation between frequency or intensity of conventional cigarette smoking and the frequency of e-cigarette use among Korean adolescents, and frequency of e-cigarette use differed according to the reason for the use of e-cigarettes.
Assessment of Wetland Ecosystem Health in the Yangtze and Amazon River Basins
Authors: Sun Rui , Yao Pingping , Wang Wen , Yue Bing , Liu Gang
Published: March 2017

As “kidneys of the earth”, wetlands play an important role in ameliorating weather conditions, flood storage, and the control and reduction of environmental pollution. With the development of local economies, the wetlands in both the Amazon and Yangtze River Basins have been affected and threatened by human activities, such as urban expansion, reclamation of land from lakes, land degradation, and large-scale agricultural development. It is necessary and important to develop a wetland ecosystem health evaluation model and to quantitatively evaluate the wetland ecosystem health in these two basins. In this paper, GlobeLand30 land cover maps and socio-economic and climate data from 2000 and 2010 were adopted to assess the wetland ecosystem health of the Yangtze and Amazon River Basins on the basis of a pressure-state-response (PSR) model. A total of 13 indicators were selected to build the wetland health assessment system. Weights of these indicators and PSR model components, as well as normalized wetland health scores, were assigned and calculated based on the analytic hierarchy process method. The results showed that from 2000 to 2010, the value of the mean wetland ecosystem health index in the Yangtze River Basin decreased from 0.482 to 0.481, while it increased from 0.582 to 0.593 in the Amazon River Basin. This indicated that the average status of wetland ecosystem health in the Amazon River Basin is better than that in the Yangtze River Basin, and that wetland health improved over time in the Amazon River Basin but worsened in the Yangtze River Basin.