bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“MESMO MAIS QUALIFICADA SOU QUESTIONADA ENQUANTO LÍDER”: UMA ANÁLISE QUALI-QUANTI DOS DESAFIOS DAS MULHERES LÍDERES
Authors: Scalioni Moreira Pricila , Abreu Bot Ana Ligia , Caciano da Silva Julia , Morelo Pereira Michelle
Published: November 2024

Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar os desafios enfrentados pelas mulheres em posição de liderança através dos construtos de: autoeficácia no trabalho, paixão no trabalho e barreiras e facilitadores da liderança feminina. Para tanto, os dados foram analisados em um formato quali-quanti. Na etapa quantitativa, foi aplicado um questionário para avaliar os construtos supracitados. Na etapa qualitativa, uma parcela da amostra foi submetida a uma entrevista semiestruturada. Participaram da pesquisa 167 pessoas, sendo: 2,6% (n=5) homens líderes, 40,3% (n=77) mulheres líderes e 44,5% (n= 85) mulheres não líderes.  A média de idade foi de 33,5 anos (DP=11,7). A maioria dos participantes residiam nos Estados de Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro, somando um percentual de 85,7%. Espera-se que a pesquisa contribua com as reflexões sobre os desafios presentes para as mulheres que desempenham posições de liderança.
MODA, IDENTIDADE E COMPORTAMENTO: CONSUMO DE MODA DE MULHERES DAS GERAÇÕES X E Y
Authors: Paim Mariana Antunes , Rosa Simone Carvalho da , Barth Mauricio
Published: November 2024

Este trabalho objetiva analisar como se dá o consumo de produtos da moda por mulheres das gerações X e Y na construção da sua imagem e identidade feminina dentro da sociedade. Para atingir esse objetivo, foram adotados como procedimentos técnicos a Pesquisa Bibliográfica e a Pesquisa de Campo, por meio de entrevistas com sete mulheres: três (03) da geração X e quatro (04) da geração Y. A partir da pesquisa, foi possível constatar que as mulheres das gerações X e Y consomem produtos de moda a fim de externar suas personalidades e transmitir suas ideias, mas estas ainda dependem de diversos fatores que compõem a realidade em que cada uma vive a partir de suas condições socioeconômicas. Outro aspecto que foi possível constatar junto às entrevistadas foi que as pertencentes à geração X são mais influenciadas pelas mídias tradicionais sobre o consumo de moda, enquanto a geração Y é influenciada pelas mídias digitais e pela urgência que estes conteúdos provocam em acompanhar o novo.
QUATRO DÉCADAS EM CINCO - VOCÊ NÃO ESCOLHE A ARTE, ELA TE ENCONTRA
Authors: De Araújo Carvalho Samantha
Published: November 2024

Resenha do Livro: GOETZE, Paulo. Daniela Mercury: Trajetória, Produção e Inovação. Simões Filho: Devires, 2019.
Validação do Chronic Pain Coping Inventory – Versão Brasileira: Teste de Hipóteses para Validade de Construto
Authors: A. F. Souza Layz , V. Pereira Lilian , A. L. M. Cruz Diná , S.F. Tatagiba Bruna , C. Borges Natália
Published: November 2024

ntroduction: Measuring pain management allows us to establish relationships with the functionality of the treatment, as well as verify its eff ectiveness and effi ciency and evaluate changes over time. One of the most globally used instruments for measuring pain coping is the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory (CPCI). However, Brazilian studies validating this instrument are still necessary. Objective: to test the construct validity of the Brazilian version of the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory in adults/elderly individuals with chronic pain through hypothesis testing. Method: methodological study of construct validation of the CPCI-Brazilian Version, with a sample of 705 adults/elderly individuals with chronic pain. The CPCI scales were correlated with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression (CES-D), Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), and the Abbreviated Quality of Life Assessment Instrument - WHOQOL-BREF using hierarchical multiple regression blocks. Results: the highest contribution of CPCI scores was in explaining physical dysfunction in individuals with chronic pain (27%). The scales that fully confi rmed the theoretical model were task persistence, seeking social support, guarding, and resting. Conclusion: we confi rmed the construct validity of the CPCI and the importance of assessing pain coping, especially those related to predicting physical dysfunction, avoidance, and fear of pain. The confi rmation of correlation between CPCI scales and measures of physical and psychological functionality supports the management of chronic pain from a cognitive-behavioral perspective, recognized as eff ective in non-pharmacological pain treatment.Keywords: Psychometrics, psychological adaptation, pain measurement
Possible ATP trafficking by ATP‐shuttles in the olfactory cilia and glucose transfer across the olfactory mucosa
Authors: Acevedo Claudia , Blanchard Kris , Bacigalupo Juan , Vergara Cecilia
Published: February 2019

Odor transduction in the cilia of olfactory sensory neurons involves several ATP‐requiring enzymes. ATP is generated by glycolysis in the ciliary lumen, using glucose incorporated from surrounding mucus, and by oxidative phosphorylation in the dendrite. During prolonged stimulation, the cilia maintain ATP levels along their length, by unknown means. We used immunochemistry, RT‐PCR, and immunoblotting to explore possible underlying mechanisms. We found the ATP‐shuttles, adenylate and creatine kinases, capable of equilibrating ATP. We also investigated how glucose delivered by blood vessels in the olfactory mucosa reaches the mucus. We detected, in sustentacular and Bowman's gland cells, the crucial enzyme in glucose secretion glucose‐6‐phosphatase, implicating both cell types as putative glucose pathways. We propose a model accounting for both processes.
Endothelin type B receptor interacts with the 78‐kDa glucose‐regulated protein
Authors: Mazaki Yuichi , Higashi Tsunehito , Onodera Yasuhito , Nam Jin‐Min , Hashimoto Ari , Hashimoto Shigeru , Horinouchi Takahiro , Miwa Soichi
Published: February 2019

Endothelin (ET)‐1 is involved in the vascular system, cell proliferation and apoptosis. ET receptors consist of ET type A receptor (ETAR) and ET type B receptor (ETBR). ETAR and ETBR generally exhibit opposite responses, although many exceptions exist. In the present study, we attempted to identify ETAR‐ or ETBR‐specific binding proteins to understand the differences in ETAR‐ and ETBR‐mediated responses after ET‐1 stimulation. The 78‐kDa glucose‐regulated protein (GRP78) showed a stronger binding affinity towards ETBR than towards ETAR. Moreover, GRP78 overexpression promoted ETBR‐mediated ERK activation and GRP78 silencing suppressed ETBR‐mediated ERK activation. Furthermore, ETBR can localize GRP78 to the cell periphery. These results suggest that the interaction of ETBR with GRP78 affects ERK activation and GRP78 localization.
Contribution of ultrarare variants in mTOR pathway genes to sporadic focal epilepsies
Authors: Pippucci Tommaso , Licchetta Laura , Baldassari Sara , Marconi Caterina , De Luise Monica , Myers Candace , Nardi Elena , Provini Federica , Cameli Cinzia , Minardi Raffaella , Bacchelli Elena , Giordano Lucio , Crichiutti Giovanni , d'Orsi Giuseppe , Seri Marco , Gasparre Giuseppe , Mefford Heather C. , Tinuper Paolo , Bisulli Francesca ,   the Collaborative Group of Italian League Against Epilepsy (LICE) Genetic Commission
Published: February 2019

Objective

We investigated the contribution to sporadic focal epilepsies (FE) of ultrarare variants in genes coding for the components of complexes regulating mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR)complex 1 (mTORC1).

Methods

We collected genetic data of 121 Italian isolated FE cases and 512 controls by Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) and single‐molecule Molecular Inversion Probes (smMIPs) targeting 10 genes of the GATOR1, GATOR2, and TSC complexes. We collapsed “qualifying” variants (ultrarare and predicted to be deleterious or loss of function) across the examined genes and sought to identify their enrichment in cases compared to controls.

Results

We found eight qualifying variants in cases and nine in controls, demonstrating enrichment in FE patients (P = 0.006; exact unconditional test, one‐tailed). Pathogenic variants were identified in DEPDC5 and TSC2, both major genes for Mendelian FE syndromes.

Interpretation

Our findings support the contribution of ultrarare variants in genes in the mTOR pathway complexes GATOR and TSC to the risk of sporadic FE and a shared genetic basis between rare and common epilepsies. The identification of a monogenic etiology in isolated cases, most typically encountered in clinical practice, may offer to a broader community of patients the perspective of precision therapies directed by the underlying genetic cause.
Judging credibility: Can spaced lessons help students think more critically online?
Authors: Foot‐Seymour Vanessa , Foot June , Wiseheart Melody
Published: February 2019

Despite the prevalence of the spacing effect in the psychological literature, the impact of lesson timing has not yet been fully explored in real classrooms. The current study examined whether spacing could improve long‐term retention of both factual and critical thinking curriculum‐based teaching materials for children. Students 9 to 12 years old were taught to judge the credibility of websites in either three consecutive days of lessons or one lesson per week. Thirty‐five days after the final lesson, students were tested on factual knowledge and applied their knowledge to evaluating a new website. Students in the spaced condition remembered more facts from the lessons and were better able to explain their website ratings than students in the massed group.
Discovery of a FeCoNiPdCu High‐Entropy Alloy with Excellent Magnetic Softness
Authors: Koželj Primož , Vrtnik Stanislav , Jelen Andreja , Krnel Mitja , Gačnik Darja , Dražić Goran , Meden Anton , Wencka Magdalena , Jezeršek David , Leskovec Janez , Maiti Suomyadipta , Steurer Walter , Dolinšek Janez
Published: February 2019

The authors report on the discovery of a magnetically soft high‐entropy alloy of composition FeCoNiPdCu, which performs comparably to the best commercial soft magnets for static and low‐frequency applications. Properly heat‐treated FeCoNiPdCu develops nanostructure that can be viewed as a two‐phase bulk nanocomposite of randomly intermixed FeCoNi magnetic domains and PdCu nonmagnetic “spacers”, both of 2–5 nm cross dimensions. Due to the nanometric size, the FeCoNi domains are magnetically single‐domain particles, and since the particles are exchange‐coupled across the boundaries, exchange averaging of magnetic anisotropy takes place, resulting in an almost vanishing coercive field and excellent magnetic softness. The formation of a two‐phase nanostructure favorable for the exchange averaging of magnetic anisotropy is a consequence of specific values of the binary mixing enthalpies for the chosen elements. Though high‐entropy alloys are generally considered to be random solid solutions of multiple elements on a topologically ordered crystal lattice, clustering of the atoms into preferential chemical environments on a nanoscale essentially determines their magnetic properties. Experimentally, the magnetic properties of the FeCoNiPdCu high‐entropy alloy are compared to the commercial, magnetically soft non‐oriented silicon electrical steel.
Influence of Ni Alloying on the Precipitation of Quasicrystal Phase in As‐Cast Mg96.5Zn1Y1.5Mn1 Alloy
Authors: Zhu Wei , Liu Wei , Zhang Yong Gang , Ma Qiang Qiang , Zhang Jinshan , Xu Chunxiang
Published: February 2019

Ni alloying is first adopted to explore the precipitation of quasicrystal phase (I phase) in Mg96.5Zn1Y1.5Mn1 alloy containing LPSO structure and W phase during solidification. Results show the component of I phase is Mg3(Zn, Ni)6Y1 which mainly distributes near the W phase. Besides, during the formation of I phase, Ni acts as Zn to participate in the precipitation process of I phase, making up for the deficiency of Zn. Meanwhile, an excellent strength‐ductility balance with ultimate tensile strength (210 MPa) and elongation (9.5%) is greatly optimized.
Ultrahigh Electrical Conductivity of Graphene Embedded in Metals
Authors: Cao Mu , Xiong Ding‐Bang , Yang Li , Li Shuaishuai , Xie Yiqun , Guo Qiang , Li Zhiqiang , Adams Horst , Gu Jiajun , Fan Tongxiang , Zhang Xiaohui , Zhang Di
Published: February 2019

Highly efficient conductors are strongly desired because they can lead to higher working performance and less energy consumption in their wide range applications. However, the improvements on the electrical conductivities of conventional conductors are limited, such as purification and growing single crystal of metals. Here, by embedding graphene in metals (Cu, Al, and Ag), the trade‐off between carrier mobility and carrier density is surmount in graphene, and realize high electron mobility and high electron density simultaneously through elaborate interface design and morphology control. As a result, a maximum electrical conductivity three orders of magnitude higher than the highest on record (more than 3,000 times higher than that of Cu) is obtained in such embedded graphene. As a result, using the graphene as reinforcement, an electrical conductivity as high as ≈117% of the International Annealed Copper Standard and significantly higher than that of Ag is achieved in bulk graphene/Cu composites with an extremely low graphene volume fraction of only 0.008%. The results are of significance when enhancing efficiency and saving energy in electrical and electronic applications of metals, and also of interest for fundamental researches on electron behaviors in graphene.
Suppressing Manganese Dissolution in Potassium Manganate with Rich Oxygen Defects Engaged High‐Energy‐Density and Durable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery
Authors: Fang Guozhao , Zhu Chuyu , Chen Minghui , Zhou Jiang , Tang Boya , Cao Xinxin , Zheng Xusheng , Pan Anqiang , Liang Shuquan
Published: February 2019

The manganese dissolution leading to sharp capacity decline as well as the sluggish reaction kinetic are still major issues for manganese‐based materials as aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) cathodes. Here, a potassium‐ion‐stabilized and oxygen‐defect K0.8Mn8O16 is reported as a high‐energy‐density and durable cathode for neutral aqueous ZIBs. A new insight into suppressing manganese dissolution via incorporation of K+ ions to intrinsically stabilize the Mn‐based cathodes is provided. A comprehensive study suggests that oxygen defects improve electrical conductivity and open the MnO6 polyhedron walls for ion diffusion, which plays a critical role in the fast reaction kinetics and capacity improvement of K0.8Mn8O16. In addition, direct evidence for the mechanistic details of simultaneous insertion and conversion reaction based on H+‐storage mechanism is demonstrated. As expected, a significant energy output of 398 W h kg−1 (based on the mass of cathode) and an impressive durability over 1000 cycles with no obvious capacity fading are obtained. Such a high‐energy Zn‐K0.8Mn8O16 battery, as well as the basic understanding of manganese dissolution and oxygen defects may open new opportunities toward high‐performance aqueous ZIBs.
Mesoporous Polydopamine Carrying Manganese Carbonyl Responds to Tumor Microenvironment for Multimodal Imaging‐Guided Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wu Dan , Duan Xiaohui , Guan Qingqing , Liu Jie , Yang Xi , Zhang Fang , Huang Peng , Shen Jun , Shuai Xintao , Cao Zhong
Published: February 2019

Multifunctional nanodrugs integrating multiple therapeutic and imaging functions may find tremendous biomedical applications. However, the development of a simple yet potent theranostic nanosystem with a high payload and microenvironment responsiveness enhancing imaging‐guided cancer therapy is still a great challenge. Herein, a kind of MnCO‐entrapped mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles are developed, which reach a 1.5 mg payload per gram carrier and exhibit marked theranostic capability through effective CO/Mn2+ generation and photothermal conversion inside the H+ and H2O2‐enriched tumor microenvironment, for a magnetic resonance/photoacoustic bimodal imaging‐guided tumor therapy. The multifunctional nanosystem exhibits a biocompatibility highly desirable for in vivo application and superior performance in inhibiting tumor growth and recurrence via combination CO and photothermal therapy.
Synthesis of Large‐Area Atomically Thin BiOI Crystals with Highly Sensitive and Controllable Photodetection
Authors: Zeng Wei , Li Jie , Feng Liping , Pan Haixi , Zhang Xiaodong , Sun Hanqing , Liu Zhengtang
Published: February 2019

Compared to the most studied 2D elements and binary compounds, ternary layered compounds with more adjustable physical and chemical properties have exhibited potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here, 2D ternary layered BiOI crystals are synthesized first with a domain size up to 100 µm via space‐confined chemical vapor deposition. The photodetectors based on the as‐grown BiOI nanosheets demonstrate high sensitivity to 473 nm light. The Ion/Ioff ratio and detectivity of BiOI photodetectors can reach up to 1 × 105 and 8.2 × 1011 Jones at 473 nm, respectively. Particularly, the contact and dark current of the photodetectors can be controlled by 254 nm ultraviolet light irradiation due to the introduction of oxygen vacancies. The facile synthesis of large‐area atomically thin BiOI and its controllable performance by ultraviolet light irradiation suggest that 2D BiOI crystal is a promising material for fundamental investigations and optoelectronic applications.
Bioinspired Solar‐Heated Carbon Absorbent for Efficient Cleanup of Highly Viscous Crude Oil
Authors: Kuang Yudi , Chen Chaoji , Chen Guang , Pei Yong , Pastel Glenn , Jia Chao , Song Jianwei , Mi Ruiyu , Yang Bao , Das Siddhartha , Hu Liangbing
Published: February 2019

Efficient cleanup of viscous crude oil spill is a worldwide challenge due to its sluggish flowability at room temperature. Conventional oil remediation methods using physical absorbers, skimmers, and vacuum technologies either demonstrate low absorption efficiency or have severe operational restrictions. Inspired by the highly efficient and passive transpiration process in trees, a solar‐heated carbon absorber (HC‐Wood) with an inherited wood structure of aligned channels for rapid crude oil absorption is reported. The unique porous structure of the carbon absorber can extend the light absorption paths, guide the direction of heat transport, and decrease the resistance to oil flows, endowing the carbon absorber a large efficiency of solar absorption (>99% of the incident irradiation), excellent thermal management, and fast capillarity‐driven oil absorption behavior. The low tortuosity of the porous structure together with the efficient solar‐thermal conversion enable the absorber to demonstrate a crude oil absorption rate of 1550 mL m−2 in 30 s under 1 sun irradiation, which is 10 times faster than previously reported results for passive absorption of viscous crude oil. Given the unique structural design, low operating cost, and rapid oil absorption speed, this work provides a promising solution for addressing catastrophic large‐area viscous oil spills.
Combustion Synthesized Zinc Oxide Electron‐Transport Layers for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zheng Ding , Wang Gang , Huang Wei , Wang Binghao , Ke Weijun , Logsdon Jenna Leigh , Wang Hanyu , Wang Zhi , Zhu Weigang , Yu Junsheng , Wasielewski Michael R. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Marks Tobin J. , Facchetti Antonio
Published: February 2019

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have advanced rapidly with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) now exceeding 22%. Due to the long diffusion lengths of charge carriers in the photoactive layer, a PSC device architecture comprising an electron‐ transporting layer (ETL) is essential to optimize charge flow and collection for maximum performance. Here, a novel approach is reported to low temperature, solution‐processed ZnO ETLs for PSCs using combustion synthesis. Due to the intrinsic passivation effects, high crystallinity, matched energy levels, ideal surface topography, and good chemical compatibility with the perovskite layer, this combustion‐derived ZnO enables PCEs approaching 17–20% for three types of perovskite materials systems with no need for ETL doping or surface functionalization.
High‐Performance Graphene‐Fiber‐Based Neural Recording Microelectrodes
Authors: Wang Kezhong , Frewin Christopher L. , Esrafilzadeh Dorna , Yu Changchun , Wang Caiyun , Pancrazio Joseph J. , Romero‐Ortega Mario , Jalili Rouhollah , Wallace Gordon
Published: February 2019

Fabrication of flexible and free‐standing graphene‐fiber‐ (GF‐) based microelectrode arrays with a thin platinum coating, acting as a current collector, results in a structure with low impedance, high surface area, and excellent electrochemical properties. This modification results in a strong synergistic effect between these two constituents leading to a robust and superior hybrid material with better performance than either graphene electrodes or Pt electrodes. The low impedance and porous structure of the GF results in an unrivalled charge injection capacity of 10.34 mC cm−2with the ability to record and detect neuronal activity. Furthermore, the thin Pt layer transfers the collected signals along the microelectrode efficiently. In vivo studies show that microelectrodes implanted in the rat cerebral cortex can detect neuronal activity with remarkably high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of 9.2 dB in an area as small as an individual neuron.
Synthetic Hilbert Space Engineering of Molecular Qudits: Isotopologue Chemistry
Authors: Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Ruben Mario
Published: February 2019

One of the most ambitious technological goals is the development of devices working under the laws of quantum mechanics. Among others, an important challenge to be resolved on the way to such breakthrough technology concerns the scalability of the available Hilbert space. Recently, proof‐of‐principle experiments were reported, in which the implementation of quantum algorithms (the Grover's search algorithm, iSWAP‐gate, etc.) in a single‐molecule nuclear spin qudit (with d = 4) known as 159TbPc2 was described, where the nuclear spins of lanthanides are used as a quantum register to execute simple quantum algorithms. In this progress report, the goal of linear and exponential up‐scalability of the available Hilbert space expressed by the qudit‐dimension “d” is addressed by synthesizing lanthanide metal complexes as quantum computing hardware. The synthesis of multinuclear large‐Hilbert‐space complexes has to be carried out under strict control of the nuclear spin degree of freedom leading to isotopologues, whereby electronic coupling between several nuclear spin units will exponentially extend the Hilbert space available for quantum information processing. Thus, improved multilevel spin qudits can be achieved that exhibit an exponentially scalable Hilbert space to enable high‐performance quantum computing and information storage.
Rechargeable Aqueous Electrochromic Batteries Utilizing Ti‐Substituted Tungsten Molybdenum Oxide Based Zn2+ Ion Intercalation Cathodes
Authors: Li Haizeng , McRae Liam , Firby Curtis J. , Elezzabi Abdulhakem Y.
Published: February 2019

Batteries are used in every facet of human lives. Desirable battery architectures demand high capacity, rechargeability, rapid charging speed, and cycling stability, all within an environmentally friendly platform. Many applications are limited by opaque batteries; thus, new functionalities can be unlocked by introducing transparent battery architectures. This can be achieved by incorporating electrochromic and energy storage functions. Transparent electrochromic batteries enable new applications, including variable optical attenuators, optical switches, addressable displays, touch screen devices, and most importantly smart windows for energy‐efficient buildings. However, this technology is in the incipient state due to limited electrochromic materials having satisfactory optical contrast and capacity. As such, triggering electrochromism via Zn2+ intercalation is advantageous: Zn is abundant, safe, easily processed in aqueous electrolytes and provides two electrons during redox reactions. Here, enhanced Zn2+ intercalation is demonstrated in Ti‐substituted tungsten molybdenum oxide, yielding improved capacity and electrochromic performance. This technique is employed to engineer cathodes exhibiting an areal capacity of 260 mAh m−2 and high optical contrast (76%), utilized in the fabrication of aqueous Zn‐ion electrochromic batteries. Remarkably, these batteries can be charged by external voltages and self‐recharged by spontaneously extracting Zn2+, providing a new technology for practical electrochromic devices.
Rechargeable Zn–CO2 Electrochemical Cells Mimicking Two‐Step Photosynthesis
Authors: Wang Xueyuan , Xie Jiafang , Ghausi Muhammad Arsalan , Lv Jiangquan , Huang Yiyin , Wu Maoxiang , Wang Yaobing , Yao Jiannian
Published: February 2019

Metal–CO2 batteries represent a promising priority for sustainable energy and the environment. However, CO2 utilization in nonaqueous electrolytes mostly involves difficult CO2 electrochemistry, leading to poor selectivity and limited cycle performance. Herein, an aqueous rechargeable Zn–CO2 electrochemical cell that tunably produced CO fuel gas (90% Faradaic efficiency) during cell discharge (cathodic reaction: CO2 + 2e− + 2H+ → CO + H2O) and O2 during cell charge at ≈2 V (cathodic reaction: H2O → 1/2O2 + 2e− + 2H+), mimicking the separate steps of CO2 fixation and water oxidation during photosynthesis while exhibiting the advantages of high efficiency, tunable products, and operation independent of sunlight is proposed and realized. The cell achieves a remarkable energy efficiency of 68% with fuel generation, providing an alternative for the green, efficient, and safe utilization of CO2 by metal–CO2 batteries.
Engineered Bacterial Bioreactor for Tumor Therapy via Fenton‐Like Reaction with Localized H2O2 Generation
Authors: Fan Jin‐Xuan , Peng Meng‐Yun , Wang He , Zheng Hao‐Ran , Liu Zong‐Lin , Li Chu‐Xin , Wang Xia‐Nan , Liu Xin‐Hua , Cheng Si‐Xue , Zhang Xian‐Zheng
Published: February 2019

Synthetic biology based on bacteria has been displayed in antitumor therapy and shown good performance. In this study, an engineered bacterium Escherichia coli MG1655 is designed with NDH‐2 enzyme (respiratory chain enzyme II) overexpression (Ec‐pE), which can colonize in tumor regions and increase localized H2O2 generation. Following from this, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles are covalently linked to bacteria to act as a catalyst for a Fenton‐like reaction, which converts H2O2 to toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for tumor therapy. In this constructed bioreactor, the Fenton‐like reaction occurs with sustainably synthesized H2O2 produced by engineered bacteria, and severe tumor apoptosis is induced via the produced toxic •OH. These results show that this bioreactor can achieve effective tumor colonization, and realize a self‐supplied therapeutic Fenton‐like reaction without additional H2O2 provision.
Survival outcomes of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms by histological type and stage: Analysis of 266 cases in a multicenter collaborative retrospective clinical study
Authors: Sueda Toshinori , Murata Kohei , Takeda Takashi , Kagawa Yoshinori , Hasegawa Junichi , Komori Takamichi , Noura Shingo , Ikeda Kimimasa , Tsujie Masaki , Ohue Masayuki , Ota Hirofumi , Ikenaga Masakazu , Hata Taishi , Matsuda Chu , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Yamamoto Hirofumi , Sekimoto Mitsugu , Nezu Riichiro , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro
Published: February 2019

Aim

Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms are rare, and thus the literature is sparse with regard to histological types, staging, and prognosis. In particular, it is unclear how long‐term outcome may differ between mucinous adenocarcinomas and other adenocarcinomas. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the histological types and stages of appendiceal neoplasms, and to evaluate the prognostic impacts of these factors in patients with mucinous adenocarcinomas and non‐mucinous adenocarcinomas.

Methods

Patients with appendiceal tumors diagnosed between 2007 and 2016 were retrospectively identified from the databases of 19 institutions in the Clinical Study Group of Osaka University, Colorectal Group.

Results

A total of 266 patients with appendiceal tumors were identified, of whom 130 had pathologically diagnosed adenocarcinomas, including 57 with mucinous adenocarcinomas and 73 with non‐mucinous adenocarcinomas. Five‐year overall survival (OS) rates were 64.5% for mucinous adenocarcinomas, and 49.0% for non‐mucinous adenocarcinomas. OS was significantly shorter among patients with non‐mucinous adenocarcinomas compared to mucinous adenocarcinomas. Among patients with mucinous adenocarcinomas, 5‐year OS rates were 53.6% for stage 0/I, 82.6% for II/III, and 48.4% for IV. Among patients with non‐mucinous adenocarcinomas, 5‐year OS rates were 90.9% for stage 0/I, 68.8% for II/III, and 7.1% for IV. Analysis of patients with stage IV disease revealed significantly shorter OS among patients with non‐mucinous adenocarcinomas compared to mucinous adenocarcinomas.

Conclusion

Our present findings showed a better prognosis in patients with mucinous adenocarcinomas compared to non‐mucinous adenocarcinomas. In this setting, Union for International Cancer Control staging was associated with prognosis for non‐mucinous adenocarcinomas, but not for mucinous adenocarcinomas.
Enhancing the National Dialogue on the Prevention of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Estefan Lianne Fuino , Armstead Theresa L. , Rivera Moira Shaw , Kearns Megan C. , Carter Denise , Crowell Jessica , El‐Beshti Rasha , Daniels Brandy
Published: February 2019

Little systematic information exists about how community‐based prevention efforts at the state and local levels contribute to our knowledge of intimate partner violence (IPV) prevention. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) DELTA FOCUS program funds ten state domestic violence coalitions to engage in IPV primary prevention through approaches addressing the outer layers of the social ecology. This paper explored the ways in which DELTA FOCUS recipients have contributed to a national‐level dialogue on IPV prevention. Previously undefined, the authors define national‐level dialogue and retrospectively apply the CDC Science Impact Framework (SIF) to describe contributions DELTA FOCUS recipients made to it. Authors conducted document review and qualitative content analysis of recipient semi‐annual progress reports from 2014 to 2016 (N = 40) using NVivo. A semi‐structured coding scheme was applied across the five SIF domains: Creating Awareness, Catalyzing Action, Effecting Change, Disseminating Science, and Shaping the Future. All recipients sought to promote IPV prevention by communicating and sharing with non‐CDC‐funded state coalitions, national partners, and other IPV stakeholders information and resources accumulated through practice‐based prevention efforts. Through implementing and disseminating their prevention work in myriad ways, DELTA FOCUS recipients are building practice‐based evidence on community‐based IPV prevention.
Sulfide‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylthiolation‐Cyclization of Tryptamine Derivatives
Authors: Guo Rui , Cai Baohua , Jin Ming Yu , Mu Huaixue , Wang Jun (Joelle)
Published: February 2019

A catalytic method for the incorporation of an SCF3group to tryptamine derivatives was developed via a sulfide‐catalyzed cascade trifluoromethylthiolation‐cyclization. A series of C(3)‐CF3S pyrrolidinoindolines were obtained in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. Furthermore, some enantioselectivity was observed when using chiral sulfide thiocineole as a catalyst.
Aggressive or funerary cannibalism? Skull‐cup and human bone manipulation in Cueva de El Toro (Early Neolithic, southern Iberia)
Authors: Santana Jonathan , Rodríguez‐Santos Francisco Javier , Camalich‐Massieu María Dolores , Martín‐Socas Dimas , Fregel Rosa
Published: February 2019

Objective

We analyze the processing sequence involved in the manufacture of a skull‐cup and the manipulation of human bones from the Early Neolithic of Cueva de El Toro (Málaga, Spain).

Materials and methods

The Early Neolithic material studied includes human remains found in two separate assemblages. Assemblage A consists of one skull‐cup, a non‐manipulated adult human mandible, and four ceramic vessels. Assemblage B contains manipulated and non‐manipulated human remains that appeared mingled with domestic waste. Using a taphonomic approach, we evaluate the skull‐cup processing and the anthropogenic alteration of human bones.

Results

The skull‐cup was processed by careful paring away of skin, fragmentation of the facial skeleton and base of the skull, and controlled percussion of the edges of the calotte to achieve a regular shape. It was later boiled for some time in a container that caused pot polish in a specific area. The other human bones appeared scattered throughout the living area, mixed with other remains of domestic activity. Some of these bones show cut marks, percussion damage for marrow extraction, and tooth/chewing marks.

Discussion

Evidence from Cueva de El Toro suggests that cannibalism was conducted in the domestic sphere, likely following ritualized practices where the skull‐cup could have played a part. Interpretation of this evidence suggests two hypotheses: (a) aggressive cannibalism relates to extreme inter‐group violence; and (b) funerary cannibalism is a facet of multi‐stage burial practices. Similar evidence has been found in other Neolithic sites of this region and suggests that cannibalism and skull‐cups were elements widespread in these communities. These practices may be linked to significant transformations associated with the end of the Early Neolithic in southern Iberia.
Distractors in obstetric ultrasound: Do sonographers have safety concerns?
Authors: Najafzadeh Afrooz , Woodrow Nicole , Thoirs Kerry
Published: February 2019

Introduction

Obstetric sonography is a highly skilled diagnostic medical examination. Pregnant women like to socialise their ultrasound experience with family, introducing distractions for the sonographer. Our objective was to survey ultrasound practitioners to identify concerns regarding interruptions and their opinions about socialisation during the examination.

Methods

An online questionnaire was disseminated to study the views of Australian and New Zealand obstetric sonographers/sonologists. It was informed by a pilot study of possible distractors with quality and safety concerns and operator opinions regarding family bonding.

Results

The opinions of 393 obstetric sonographers/sonologists informed our results. Distractors with the most negative aspects included disruptive children (93.3%) and mobile phone conversations (84.3%). Most respondents (62%) believed that a distractor only had to be present for 5 min or less to have an impact. Small children were identified by 87.5% of respondents as safety risks to themselves, to the patient and to sonographers. Sonographers were concerned that distractors caused a loss of concentration, interruption to a systematic scanning approach and increased false negatives in screening, missing important diagnoses. Sonographers strongly agreed that obstetric sonography facilitated maternal–fetal bonding, but only 15% thought that siblings bond with the fetus during the scan.

Conclusion

Obstetric sonographers in our study are concerned that distractors pose a negative impact on the quality and safety of ultrasound. They also recognise the importance of family bonding. Strategies to bridge the medical and social components of obstetric sonography should be developed to reduce quality and safety threats.
Magnetic resonance imaging–guided phase 1 trial of putaminal AADC gene therapy for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Christine Chadwick W. , Bankiewicz Krystof S. , Van Laar Amber D. , Richardson R. Mark , Ravina Bernard , Kells Adrian P. , Boot Brendon , Martin Alastair J. , Nutt John , Thompson Marin E. , Larson Paul S.
Published: February 2019

Objective

To understand the safety, putaminal coverage, and enzyme expression of adeno‐associated viral vector serotype‐2 encoding the complementary DNA for the enzyme, aromatic L‐amino acid decarboxylase (VY‐AADC01), delivered using novel intraoperative monitoring to optimize delivery.

Methods

Fifteen subjects (three cohorts of 5) with moderately advanced Parkinson's disease and medically refractory motor fluctuations received VY‐AADC01 bilaterally coadministered with gadoteridol to the putamen using intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance to visualize the anatomic spread of the infusate and calculate coverage. Cohort 1 received 8.3 × 1011vg/ml and ≤450 μl per putamen (total dose, ≤7.5 × 1011vg); cohort 2 received the same concentration (8.3 × 1011vg/ml) and ≤900 μl per putamen (total dose, ≤1.5 × 1012vg); and cohort 3 received 2.6 × 1012vg/ml and ≤900 μl per putamen (total dose, ≤4.7 × 1012vg). (18)F‐fluoro‐L‐dihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography (PET) at baseline and 6 months postprocedure assessed enzyme activity; standard assessments measured clinical outcomes.

Results

MRI‐guided administration of ascending VY‐AADC01 doses resulted in putaminal coverage of 21% (cohort 1), 34% (cohort 2), and 42% (cohort 3). Cohorts 1, 2, and 3 showed corresponding increases in enzyme activity assessed by PET of 13%, 56%, and 79%, and reductions in antiparkinsonian medication of –15%, –33%, and –42%, respectively, at 6 months. At 12 months, there were dose‐related improvements in clinical outcomes, including increases in patient‐reported ON‐time without troublesome dyskinesia (1.6, 3.3, and 1.5 hours, respectively) and quality of life.

Interpretation

Novel intraoperative monitoring of administration facilitated targeted delivery of VY‐AADC01 in this phase 1 study, which was well tolerated. Increases in enzyme expression and clinical improvements were dose dependent.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01973543 Ann Neurol 2019;85:704–714
Total Synthesis of Carthamin, a Traditional Natural Red Pigment
Authors: Azami Kohei , Hayashi Taiki , Kusumi Takenori , Ohmori Ken , Suzuki Keisuke
Published: February 2019

The first total synthesis of carthamin (3), a historic natural red pigment, has been achieved. The molecular structure was efficiently constructed by assembling two equivalents of the in situ generated lithiated monomers and triisopropyl orthoformate. This synthesis confirms the structure proposed in 1996.
CsSbF2SO4: An Excellent Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Sulfate with a KTiOPO4 (KTP)‐type Structure
Authors: Dong Xuehua , Huang Ling , Hu Cuifang , Zeng Hongmei , Lin Zhien , Wang Xin , Ok Kang Min , Zou Guohong
Published: February 2019

A novel noncentrosymmetric (NCS) polar fluoride sulfate, CsSbF2SO4, was obtained by ionothermal synthesis. A meticulously designed co‐substitution approach was used to successfully replace the [TiO6]8− and [PO4]3− functional groups in KTiOPO4 (KTP) with [SbO4F2]7− and [SO4]2− units, respectively. The structure of CsSbF2SO4 features a pseudo‐3D framework consisting of interconnected 1D [SbF2O2SO4]5− chains of corner‐sharing [SbO4F2]7− octahedra and [SO4]2− tetrahedra. The title compound exhibits a sharply enlarged band gap compared to its parent compound, KTP, benefitting from the introduction of F− ions and the displacement of Sb3+ cations. Second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements manifested that CsSbF2SO4 is phase‐matchable and revealed a strong SHG response of about 3.0 KH2PO4 (KDP), which is the highest value reported for any metal sulfate reported to date. The reported fluoride sulfate is a promising near ultraviolet (UV) nonlinear optical (NLO) material.
Terpolymers from Borane‐Initiated Copolymerization of Triphenyl Arsonium and Sulfoxonium Ylides: An Unexpected Light Emission
Authors: Wang De , Hadjichristidis Nikos
Published: February 2019

The first synthesis of well‐defined poly[(phenylmethylene‐co‐methylpropenylene)‐b‐methylene, [(C1‐co‐C3)‐b‐C1], terpolymers was achieved by one‐pot borane‐initiated random copolymerization of ω‐methylallyl (C3 units, chain is growing by three carbon atoms at a time) and benzyltriphenylarsonium (C1 units, chain is growing by one carbon atom at a time) ylides, followed by polymerization of sulfoxonium methylide (C1 units). Other substituted arsonium ylides, such as prenyltriphenyl, propyltriphenyl and (4‐fluorobenzyl)triphenyl can also be used instead of benzyltriphenylarsonium. The obtained terpolymers are well‐defined, possess a predictable molecular weight and low polydispersity (Mn,NMR=1.83–9.68×103 g mol−1, Đ=1.09–1.22). An unexpected light emission phenomenon was discovered in these non‐conjugated terpolymers, as confirmed by fluorescence and NMR spectroscopy. This phenomenon can be explained by the isomerization of the double bonds of allylic monomeric units along the chain of the terpolymers (isomerization‐induced light emission).
A Nucleophilicity Scale for the Reactivity of Diazaphospholenium Hydrides: Structural Insights and Synthetic Applications
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Yang Jin‐Dong , Cheng Jin‐Pei
Published: February 2019

Nucleophilicity parameters (N, sN) of a group of representative diazaphospholenium hydrides were derived by kinetic investigations of their hydride transfer to a series of reference electrophiles with known electrophilicity (E) values, using the Mayr equation log k2=sN(N+E). The N scale covers over ten N units, ranging from the most reactive hydride donor (N=25.5) to the least of the scale (N=13.5). This discloses the highest N value ever quantified in terms of Mayr's nucleophilicity scales reported for neutral transition‐metal‐free hydride donors and implies an exceptional reactivity of this reagent. Even the least reactive hydride donor of this series is still a better hydride donor than those of many other nucleophiles such as the C−H, B−H, Si−H and transition‐metal M−H hydride donors. Structure–reactivity analysis reveals that the outstanding hydricity of 2‐H‐1,3,2‐diazaphospholene benefits from the unsaturated skeleton.
Utilizing d–pπ Bonds for Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence
Authors: Tian Shuai , Ma Huili , Wang Xuan , Lv Anqi , Shi Huifang , Geng Yun , Li Jie , Liang Fushun , Su Zhong‐Min , An Zhongfu , Huang Wei
Published: February 2019

Developing pure organic materials with ultralong lifetimes is attractive but challenging. Here we report a concise chemical approach to regulate the electronic configuration for phosphorescence enhancement. After the introduction of d–pπ bonds into a phenothiazine model system, a phosphorescence lifetime enhancement of up to 19 times was observed for DOPPMO, compared to the reference PPMO. A record phosphorescence lifetime of up to 876 ms was obtained in phosphorescent phenothiazine. Theoretical calculations and single‐crystal analysis reveal that the d–pπ bond not only reduces the (n, π*) proportion of the T1 state, but also endows the rigid molecular environment with multiple intermolecular interactions, thus enabling long‐lived phosphorescence. This finding makes a valuable contribution to the prolongation of phosphorescence lifetimes and the extension of the scope of phosphorescent materials.
A Size‐Flexible Organometallic Box for the Encapsulation of Fullerenes
Authors: Martínez‐Agramunt Victor , Eder Tobias , Darmandeh Heidar , Guisado‐Barrios Gregorio , Peris Eduardo
Published: February 2019

A palladium‐cornered molecular square with four pyrene‐bis(imidazolylidene) bridging ligands is reported. This metallo‐polygon can encapsulate C60 and C70. The X‐ray diffraction structures of the empty cage as well as the cages complexed with both fullerenes are described. The fullerene encapsulation produces perturbations in the structural parameters of the metallo‐square, showing that it can adjust the shape of its cavity to the size of each fullerene.
Understanding the Mechanocatalytic Conversion of Biomass: A Low‐Energy One‐Step Reaction Mechanism by Applying Mechanical Force
Authors: Amirjalayer Saeed , Fuchs Harald , Marx Dominik
Published: February 2019

On the way to establishing biomass as a renewable and environmentally friendly source to cover the ever‐increasing global demand on energy and chemicals, one great challenge is the efficient depolymerization of cellulose. Enhanced conversion rates have been discovered in ball‐milling experiments, thus opening a mechanocatalytic approach. However, an understanding of the impact of mechanical forces on the acid‐catalyzed cleavage of glycosidic bonds at the molecular level is still missing. Herein, we contribute such fundamental insight based on atomistic modeling. Mechanically stressing the macromolecular backbone radically changes the depolymerization pathway from a complex high‐barrier reaction upon thermal activation to a low‐energy single‐step mechanocatalytic process. In addition to revealing a regioselective increase in basicity under a mechanical force, our results provide molecular‐level explanations of the experimental findings and might therefore guide rational ways to improve such mechanocatalytic processes.
Instructed Assembly as Context‐Dependent Signaling for the Death and Morphogenesis of Cells
Authors: Wang Huaimin , Feng Zhaoqianqi , Xu Bing
Published: February 2019

Context‐dependent signaling is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature, but ways to mimic the essence of these nano‐ and microscale dynamic molecular processes by noncovalent synthesis in the cellular environment have yet to be developed. Herein we present a dynamic continuum of noncovalent filaments formed by the instructed assembly (iA) of a supramolecular phosphoglycopeptide (sPGP) as context‐dependent signals for controlling the death and morphogenesis of cells. Specifically, ectophosphatase enzymes on cancer cells catalyze the formation of sPGP filaments to result in cell death; however, damping of the enzyme activity induces the formation 3D cell spheroids. Similarly, the ratio of stromal and cancer cells in a coculture can be used to modulate the expression of the ectophosphatase, so that the iA process leads to the formation of cell spheroids. The spheroids mimic the tumor microenvironment for drug screening.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Passerini Multicomponent Polymerization
Authors: Tuten Bryan T. , De Keer Lies , Wiedbrauk Sandra , Van Steenberge Paul H. M. , D'hooge Dagmar R. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher
Published: February 2019

Herein, we introduce an additive‐free visible‐light‐induced Passerini multicomponent polymerization (MCP) for the generation of high molar mass chains. In place of classical aldehydes (or ketones), highly reactive, in situ photogenerated thioaldehydes are exploited along with isocyanides and carboxylic acids. Prone to side reactions, the thioaldehyde moieties create a complex reaction environment which can be tamed by optimizing the synthetic conditions utilizing stochastic reaction path analysis, highlighting the potential of semi‐batch procedures. Once the complex MCP environment is understood, step‐growth polymers can be synthesized under mild reaction conditions which—after a Mumm rearrangement—result in the incorporation of thioester moieties directly into the polymer backbone, leading to soft matter materials that can be degraded by straightforward aminolysis or chain expanded by thiirane insertion.