bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic practice and its impacts on parental health and child behaviour problems in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Reed Phil , Osborne Lisa A
Published: July 2012

Obtaining a diagnosis is a key point in developing a treatment plan for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but little attention has been paid to the impacts of diagnostic practices on families, and the consequent impact on child outcomes. Parents’ experiences during ASD diagnosis for their child can be stressful, and such stress can lead to parental ill health, child-behaviour problems, and poorer child outcomes following treatment. Thus, the conduct of diagnosis may be of particular importance for subsequent child outcomes and parental health. A lack of knowledge regarding best diagnostic practice may ultimately impair treatment efficacy and lead to increased health- and economic-burdens. Given this, the current article examines recent work concerning: parental experiences of ASD diagnoses; general health and psychological functioning of parents of newly-diagnosed children with ASD; aspects of the diagnostic process impacting on parental functioning; and the relationship of parental functioning to child outcomes. These are placed into the context of diagnostic best practice for ASD, and understanding the complex relationship between ASD and family variables.
Brief Group Intervention Using Emotional Freedom Techniques for Depression in College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Church Dawson , De Asis Midanelle A. , Brooks Audrey J.
Published: July 2012

Two hundred thirty-eight first-year college students were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Thirty students meeting the BDI criteria for moderate to severe depression were randomly assigned to either a treatment or control group. The treatment group received four 90-minute group sessions of EFT (Emotional Freedom Techniques), a novel treatment that combines exposure, cognitive reprocessing, and somatic stimulation. The control group received no treatment. Posttests were conducted 3 weeks later on those that completed all requirements (N=18). The EFT group (n=9) had significantly more depression at baseline than the control group (n=9) (EFT BDImean=23.44,SD=2.1versus control BDImean=20.33,SD=2.1). After controlling for baseline BDI score, the EFT group had significantly less depression than the control group at posttest, with a mean score in the “nondepressed” range (P=.001; EFT BDImean=6.08,SE=1.8versus control BDImean=18.04,SE=1.8). Cohen'sdwas 2.28, indicating a very strong effect size. These results are consistent with those noted in other studies of EFT that included an assessment for depression and indicate the clinical usefulness of EFT as a brief, cost-effective, and efficacious treatment.
Information Flows in Community-Based Monitoring Exercises in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: Oldekop Johan A. , Truelove Nathan K. , Villamarín Santiago , Preziosi Richard F.
Published: July 2012

Community-based monitoring schemes provide alternatives to costly scientific monitoring projects. While evidence shows that local community inhabitants can consistently measure environmental changes, few studies have examined how learned monitoring skills get passed on within communities. Here, we trained members of indigenous Kichwa communities in the Ecuadorian Amazon to measure fern and dung beetle species richness and examined how well they could pass on the information they had learned to other members of their community. We subsequently compared locally gathered species richness data to estimates gathered by trained biologists. Our results provide further evidence that devolved monitoring protocols can provide similar data to that gathered by scientists. In addition, our results show that local inhabitants can effectively pass on learned information to other community members, which is particularly important for the longevity of community-based monitoring initiatives.
Hematologic β-Tubulin VI Isoform Exhibits Genetic Variability That Influences Paclitaxel Toxicity
Authors: Leandro-García Luis J. , Leskelä Susanna , Inglada-Pérez Lucía , Landa Iñigo , de Cubas Aguirre A. , Maliszewska Agnieszka , Comino-Méndez Iñaki , Letón Rocío , Gómez-Graña Álvaro , Torres Raúl , Ramírez Juan Carlos , Álvarez Sara , Rivera José , Martínez Constantino , Lozano María Luisa , Cascón Alberto , Robledo Mercedes , Rodríguez-Antona Cristina
Published: July 2012

Cellular microtubules composed of α-β-tubulin heterodimers that are essential for cell shape, division, and intracellular transport are valid targets for anticancer therapy. However, not all the conserved but differentially expressed members of the β-tubulin gene superfamily have been investigated for their role in these settings. In this study, we examined roles for the hematologic isoform β-tubulin VI and functional genetic variants in the gene. β-tubulin VI was highly expressed in blood cells with a substantial interindividual variability (seven-fold variation in mRNA). We characterized DNA missense variations leading to Q43P, T274M, and R307H, and a rare nonsense variant, Y55X. Because variations in the hematologic target of microtubule-binding drugs might alter their myelosuppressive action, we tested their effect in cell lines stably expressing the different β-tubulin VI full-length variants, finding that the T274M change significantly decreased sensitivity to paclitaxel-induced tubulin polymerization. Furthermore, patients treated with paclitaxel and carrying β-tubulin VI T274M exhibited a significantly lower thrombocytopenia than wild-type homozygous patients (P = 0.031). Together, our findings define β-tubulin VI as a hematologic isotype with significant genetic variation in humans that may affect the myelosuppresive action of microtubule-binding drugs. A polymorphism found in a tubulin isoform expressed only in hemapoietic cells may contribute to the patient variation in myelosuppression that occurs after treatment with microtubule-binding drugs. Cancer Res; 72(18); 4744–52. ©2012 AACR.
Antipsychotic Response in the First Week Predicts Later Efficacy
Authors: Giegling Ina , Porcelli Stefano , Balzarro Beatrice , Andrisano Costanza , Schäfer Martin , Möller Hans-Jürgen , Rujescu Dan , Serretti Alessandro
Published: July 2012

Background and Aims: Time of onset of antipsychotic action is still a debated matter. We aimed to replicate and extend previous findings that early response can predict subsequent non-response. Methods: 86 acutely psychotic patients treated with haloperidol were studied. Results: A PANSS reduction ≤16% at 1 week predicts non-response at 3 weeks of treatment (specificity 92%, sensitivity 82%). Conversely, a PANSS reduction ≥23% at 1 week of treatment predicts response at 3 weeks, with a specificity of 84% and a sensitivity of 86%. Conclusion: Our results confirm that an early response to antipsychotic treatment accurately predicts the treatment effectiveness and extends it to a prediction performed as early as 1 week.
The Observed Hemispheric Symmetry in Reflected Shortwave Irradiance
Authors: Voigt Aiko , Stevens Bjorn , Bader Jürgen , Mauritsen Thorsten
Published: July 2012

While the concentration of landmasses and atmospheric aerosols on the Northern Hemisphere suggests that the Northern Hemisphere is brighter than the Southern Hemisphere, satellite measurements of top-of-atmosphere irradiances found that both hemispheres reflect nearly the same amount of shortwave irradiance. Here, the authors document that the most precise and accurate observation, the energy balanced and filled dataset of the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System covering the period 2000–10, measures an absolute hemispheric difference in reflected shortwave irradiance of 0.1 W m−2. In contrast, the longwave irradiance of the two hemispheres differs by more than 1 W m−2, indicating that the observed climate system exhibits hemispheric symmetry in reflected shortwave irradiance but not in longwave irradiance. The authors devise a variety of methods to estimate the spatial degrees of freedom of the time-mean reflected shortwave irradiance. These are used to show that the hemispheric symmetry in reflected shortwave irradiance is a nontrivial property of the Earth system in the sense that most partitionings of Earth into two random halves do not exhibit hemispheric symmetry in reflected shortwave irradiance. Climate models generally do not reproduce the observed hemispheric symmetry, which the authors interpret as further evidence that the symmetry is nontrivial. While the authors cannot rule out that the observed hemispheric symmetry in reflected shortwave irradiance is accidental, their results motivate a search for mechanisms that minimize hemispheric differences in reflected shortwave irradiance and planetary albedo.
Thyroidectomy Outcomes
Authors: Vashishta Rishi , Mahalingam‐Dhingra Aditya , Lander Lina , Shin Edward J. , Shah Rahul K.
Published: July 2012

Objectives

Describe trends and outcomes of patients undergoing thyroidectomy.

Study Design and Setting

Retrospective search of national inpatient database.

Subjects and Methods

The Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2009 was searched using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) codes for thyroidectomy. Data extraction included patient demographics, hospital characteristics, and associated diagnoses. Subgroup analysis was performed on mortalities; bivariate and multivariate analysis was used to examine predictors of complications.

Results

In the United States, 59,478 patients were admitted and underwent thyroidectomy in 2009. Their mean (SD) age was 53.0 (16.4) years. Mean (SD) length of stay was 3.0 (6.9) days, and mean (SD) total charges was $39,236 ($73,679). Total thyroidectomy was performed in 53.6% of patients; 33.2% underwent unilateral lobectomy. Most common thyroid disorders included nontoxic nodular goiter (36.0%) and malignant neoplasm (30.3%). There were 363 (0.61%) mortalities, with a mean (SD) age of 65.5 (15.2) years, length of stay of 13.9 (15.2) days, and total charges of $218,855 ($191,977). Of all patients, 6.18% had hypocalcemia and 0.77% had hypoparathyroidism; the incidence of vocal cord paresis was 0.85% unilaterally and 0.34% bilaterally. Multivariate analysis revealed predictors of complications following thyroid surgery were female sex (P =. 0001), total thyroidectomy procedure (P <. 0001), hospital location and teaching status (P =. 0060), hospital bed size (P =. 0054), type of thyroid disorder, and underlying patient comorbidities.

Conclusion

Reporting of normative data for thyroidectomy facilitates comparison. Hospitalizations for patients undergoing thyroidectomy require significant resource utilization. Predictors of complications include female sex, type of thyroid disorder and procedure, hospital location and teaching status, hospital bed size, and patient comorbidities.
Combination chemotherapy with intermittent erlotinib and pemetrexed for pretreated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a phase I dose-finding study
Authors: Minami Seigo , Kijima Takashi , Takahashi Ryo , Kida Hiroshi , Nakatani Takeshi , Hamaguchi Masanari , Takeuchi Yoshiko , Nagatomo Izumi , Yamamoto Suguru , Tachibana Isao , Komuta Kiyoshi , Kawase Ichiro
Published: July 2012

Background

Erlotinib and pemetrexed have been approved for the second-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These two agents have different mechanisms of action. Combined treatment with erlotinib and pemetrexed could potentially augment the antitumor activity of either agent alone. In the present study, we investigated the safety profile of combined administration of the two agents in pretreated NSCLC patients.

Methods

A phase I dose-finding study (Trial registration: UMIN000002900) was performed in patients with stage III/IV nonsquamous NSCLC whose disease had progressed on or after receiving first-line chemotherapy. Patients received 500 mg/m2 of pemetrexed intravenously every 21 days and erlotinib (100 mg at Level 1 and 150 mg at Level 2) orally on days 2–16.

Results

Twelve patients, nine males and three females, were recruited. Patient characteristics included a median age of 66 years (range, 48–78 years), stage IV disease (nine cases), adenocarcinoma (seven cases) and activating mutation-positives in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (two cases). Treatment was well-tolerated, and the recommended dose of erlotinib was fixed at 150 mg. Dose-limiting toxicities were experienced in three patients and included: grade 3 elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase, repetitive grade 4 neutropenia that required reduction of the second dose of pemetrexed and grade 3 diarrhea. No patient experienced drug-induced interstitial lung disease. Three patients achieved a partial response and stable disease was maintained in five patients.

Conclusions

Combination chemotherapy of intermittent erlotinib with pemetrexed was well-tolerated, with promising efficacy against pretreated advanced nonsquamous NSCLC.
Flower-like Na2O nanotip synthesis via femtosecond laser ablation of glass
Authors: Samarasekera Champika , Tan Bo , Venkatakrishnan Krishnan
Published: July 2012

The current state-of-the-art in nanotip synthesis relies on techniques that utilize elaborate precursor chemicals, catalysts, or vacuum conditions, and any combination thereof. To realize their ultimate potential, synthesized nanotips require simpler fabrication techniques that allow for control over their final nano-morphology. We present a unique, dry, catalyst-free, and ambient condition method for creating densely clustered, flower-like, sodium oxide (Na2O) nanotips with controllable tip widths. Femtosecond laser ablation of a soda-lime glass substrate at a megahertz repetition rate, with nitrogen flow, was employed to generate nanotips with base and head widths as small as 100 and 20 nm respectively, and lengths as long as 10 μm. Control of the nanotip widths was demonstrated via laser dwell time with longer dwell times producing denser clusters of thinner nanotips. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis reveals that nanotip composition is Na2O. A new formation mechanism is proposed, involving an electrostatic effect between ionized nitrogen and polar Na2O. The synthesized nanotips may potentially be used in antibacterial and hydrogen storage applications.
A study of photoluminescence properties and performance improvement of Cd-doped ZnO quantum dots prepared by the sol–gel method
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zhao Su-Qing , Zhang Kun , Zhou Jian-Qing , Cai Yan-Fei
Published: July 2012

In the present work, ZnO quantum dots (QDs) have been prepared by the sol–gel method, and the performance of the QDs has been improved. The effect of Cd concentration on the structural and luminescent properties of the QDs, as well as the effect of the mass ratio of trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO)/octadecylamine (ODA), has been investigated. The ZnO and Cd-doped ZnO QDs have hexagonal wurtzite structures and are 3 to 6 nm in diameter. When the Cd content was increased, the QD particle size was reduced; this effect was confirmed in the corresponding ultraviolet–visible spectra. The fluorescence intensity was simultaneously enhanced significantly. Both the UV and fluorescence spectra were blue-shifted. The luminous intensity was further enhanced when the QDs were modified with TOPO/ODA. Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction techniques proved that the polymer successfully coated the surfaces of the QDs. A TOPO/ODA mass ratio of 1:2 was determined to result in the best optical performance among the different ratios examined. The results showed that the described synthetic method is appropriate for the preparation of doped QDs with high-fluorescence quantum efficiency.
Women care about local knowledge, experiences from ethnomycology
Authors: Garibay-Orijel Roberto , Ramírez-Terrazo Amaranta , Ordaz-Velázquez Marisa
Published: July 2012

Gender is one of the main variables that influence the distribution of local knowledge. We carried out a literature review concerning local mycological knowledge, paying special attention to data concerning women’s knowledge and comparative gender data. We found that unique features of local mycological knowledge allow people to successfully manage mushrooms. Women are involved in every stage of mushroom utilization from collection to processing and marketing. Local mycological knowledge includes the use mushrooms as food, medicine, and recreational objects as well as an aid to seasonal household economies. In many regions of the world, women are often the main mushroom collectors and possess a vast knowledge about mushroom taxonomy, biology, and ecology. Local experts play a vital role in the transmission of local mycological knowledge. Women participate in the diffusion of this knowledge as well as in its enrichment through innovation. Female mushroom collectors appreciate their mycological knowledge and pursue strategies and organization to reproduce it in their communities. Women mushroom gatherers are conscious of their knowledge, value its contribution in their subsistence systems, and proudly incorporate it in their cultural identity.
Proposta de metodologia para análise dos grupos econômicos
Authors: Rabelo Flávio Marcílio
Published: July 2012

Este artigo discute importantes questões metodológicas relacionadas ao projeto "Grupos econômicos da indústria brasileira e a política econômica: estrutura, estratégias e desafios", pesquisa conjunta entre o Instituto de Economia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas e a Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo da Fundação Getúlio Vargas (EAESP/FGV). Analisa as estratégias corporativas dos grupos econômicos baseando-se nos conceitos de sinergia, competências básicas e produtos básicos. Aborda também a possibilidade de se construir tipologias úteis para o estudo do controle corporativo e das estratégias de diversificação, tendo como premissa que a gestão dos recursos humanos é um elemento relevante para a compreensão do comportamento estratégico dos grupos.
Linfoma tonsilar em crianças com assimetria tonsilar
Authors: Guimarães Alexandre Caixeta , Carvalho Guilherme Machado de , Gusmão Reinaldo Jordão
Published: July 2012

OBJETIVO: Demonstrar a importância do exame físico com ênfase nas alterações das tonsilas palatinas (TP) e na anamnese direcionada para a identificação precoce de pacientes com linfoma de TP. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Caso 1 - Menina de cinco anos com voz abafada, observada pela mãe, e "sensação de algo estranho na garganta" há duas semanas. Foi atendida em outro serviço no início do quadro, sendo medicada com amoxicilina, sem melhora. Apresentava aumento importante da TP direita com superfície lisa e ausência de criptas. Após cirurgia, foi confirmado o diagnóstico de linfoma não Hodgkin (LNH). Na investigação também foi identificado acometimento dos linfonodos mesentéricos pelo linfoma. Caso 2 - Menina de 11 anos procurou o pronto-socorro para investigar nódulo em TP esquerda, indolor, de crescimento progressivo há um ano, sem outras queixas. Já havia passado por consultas médicas anteriores, não tendo sido valorizada a queixa da paciente. A TP esquerda encontrava-se aumentada, ultrapassando a linha média e com nódulo no polo superior. Também foi diagnosticado LNH após exame anatomopatológico. COMENTÁRIOS: Um exame minucioso da cavidade oral e do pescoço é essencial para identificar alterações suspeitas de linfoma tonsilar. Pacientes com assimetria tonsilar e outros achados sugestivos de malignidade devem ser submetidos à tonsilectomia.
Identidades sociais, letramento visual e letramento crítico: imagens na mídia acerca de raça/etnia
Authors: Ferreira Aparecida de Jesus
Published: July 2012

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a representação das identidades sociais de raça e etnia que perpassam a imagem publicada em 2005 no jornal Folha de São Paulo. Para contextualizar a questão da identidade social de raça e etnia no Brasil, reflito sobre a questão da identidade e classificação de cor/raça/etnia. No artigo, faço a proposição de uma atividade de ensino utilizando os referenciais do letramento visual e do letramento crítico (BAMFORD, 2009; BROWETT, 2009; LANKSHEAR, 2002). Concluo que imagens publicadas pelos meios de comunicação são ferramentas que podemos utilizar como uma forma de letramento crítico e, assim, colaborar para uma leitura que possibilita a formação de cidadãos críticos.
Chitosan: effect of a new chelating agent on the microhardness of root dentin
Authors: Pimenta Josilaine Amaral , Zaparolli Danilo , Pécora Jesus Djalma , Cruz-Filho Antonio Miranda
Published: July 2012

The effect of solutions of 0.2% chitosan, 15% EDTA and 10% citric acid on the microhardness of root dentin was evaluated comparatively in this study. Thirteen sound human maxillary central incisors were selected and decoronated at the cementoenamel junction. Ten roots were set into rapid polymerization acrylic resin and the root/resin block was fitted to the cutting machine to obtain slices from the cervical third. The first slice was discarded and the second slice was divided into four quadrants. Each quadrant was used to construct a sample, so that 4 specimens were obtained from each root slice, being one for each chelating solution to be tested: 15% EDTA, 10% citric acid, 0.2% chitosan and distilled water (control). The specimens were exposed to 50 μL of the solution for 5 min, and then washed in distilled water. A microhardness tester (Knoop hardness) with a 10 g load was used for 15 s. Data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test (α=0.05). The other 3 roots had the canals instrumented and irrigated at the end of the biomechanical preparation with the test solutions, and then examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for qualitative analysis. All solutions reduced the microhardness of root dentin in a way that was statistically similar to each other (p>0.05) but significantly different from the control (p>0.05). The SEM micrographs showed that the three solutions removed smear layer from the middle third of the root canal. In conclusion, 0.2% chitosan, 15% EDTA and 10% citric acid showed similar effects in reducing dentin microhardness.
Purification and characterization of hyaluronic acid from chicken combs
Authors: Rosa Claudia Severo da , Tovar Ana Freire , Mourão Paulo , Pereira Ricardo , Barreto Pedro , Beirão Luiz Henrique
Published: July 2012

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an important macromolecule in medical and pharmaceutical fields. The umbilical cord and the chicken comb are some of the tissues richest in this polysaccharide. The profit from obtaining HA from the combs of slaughtered animals is particularly attractive. This work aimed to extract, purify, and characterize HA. The glycosaminoglycan concentration in the chicken comb was found to be about 15µg of hexuronic acid mg-1 of dry tissue. Fractionation using ion exchange chromatography and subsequent identification of the fractions by agarose gel electrophoresis showed that HA corresponded to 90% of the total amount of extracted glycosaminoglycans.
Saúde e direitos: tensões de um SUS em disputa, molecularidades
Authors: Merhy Emerson
Published: July 2012

Sob o perspectivismo de que "qualquer vida vale a pena", o texto produzido a partir de uma conferência explora certos campos de tensões que operam no campo da saúde sob o olhar da relação saúde e direito. Apesar de reconhecer os elementos constitutivos molares desse campo, advoga a noção de que os enfrentamentos vitais do modelo atual, no qual há vidas que valem mais a pena que outras, deve se dar ali na molecularidade do agir em saúde, na gestão e no cuidado, trazendo o lugar da prática como chave para a produção efetiva de novos modos de se produzir as vidas, nos quais as diferenças são riquezas, e a vizinhança entre os distintos saberes é nuclear para a construção de apostas. Nestas, a riqueza de conexões existenciais é o melhor modo de se apostar que a produção de vida expressa o mais fundamental da construção do campo da saúde. Lançando mão de autores da micropolítica e da esquizoanálise, procura conduzir uma reflexão sobre as implicações desse "olhar construtivo.
Perfil conceitual e a escolarização do conceito de morte no ensino de ciências
Authors: Nicolli Aline Andréia , Mortimer Eduardo Fleury
Published: July 2012

Apresentaremos neste artigo as etapas do trabalho de construção do modelo de perfil conceitual de morte que resultou na identificação de três zonas: naturalista, em que a morte é interpretada como resultado de processos ou propriedades biológicas; religiosa, na qual a morte é compreendida como fato ou fenômeno que resulta de uma "vontade divina", frequentemente vista como passagem para outra vida, e relacional, na qual a morte é concebida como fato ou fenômeno a ser negado, ocultado. Na sequência, abordaremos as possibilidades de escolarização do conceito de morte, no ensino de ciências, por meio do desenvolvimento de uma sequência de ensino sobre o ciclo de vida. Nessa etapa, identificaremos as diferentes zonas do perfil conceitual de morte que circularam durante a aula e o quanto o discurso da ciência pode promover alterações nos modos de falar e formas de pensar dos estudantes sobre a morte.
A experimentação nas pesquisas sobre o ensino de Física: fundamentos epistemológicos e pedagógicos
Authors: Higa Ivanilda , Oliveira Odisséa Boaventura de
Published: July 2012

Considerando a necessidade de analisar a fundamentação teórica que embasa as atividades experimentais escolares na ultima década, desenvolveu-se uma investigação tomando como objeto as pesquisas publicadas sobre essa temática em um importante periódico da área. Toma-se como referência a concepção de que a experimentação está inserida em um contexto epistemológico e pedagógico, pois envolve concepções de realidade, de conhecimento, de conhecimento científico, de método científico, enfim, uma concepção de ciência e também concepções de aprendizagem, de posicionamento dos conhecimentos prévios dos alunos, de relações entre conteúdo e método, enfim, uma concepção de currículo. Desenvolvendo uma análise epistemológico-pedagógica dos artigos, foi observado que metodologicamente são adotadas diferentes abordagens para desenvolver as atividades experimentais: algumas mais demonstrativas, priorizando a observação, outras mais de atuação por parte do estudante, priorizando a investigação. As pesquisas tomam como pressuposto básico favorecer a aprendizagem ou a interação. A aprendizagem se refere à compreensão da atividade científica, ou de conhecimentos teóricos e práticos. A interação pode ser tanto do aluno com a atividade quanto social, ou ainda entre disciplinas.
Deconstruyendo el modelo deficitario de la apropiación social de la ciencia y la tecnología en Colombia: el caso de la cartilla "Las Maticas de mi Huerta"
Authors: Lozano-Borda Marcela , Pérez-Bustos Tania , Roatta-Acevedo Carolina
Published: July 2012

Los estudios sobre política y actividades de apropiación social de ciencia y tecnología (ASCyT) en Colombia han evidenciado la presencia de un modelo deficitario de relación entre el conocimiento científico y el público. Este modelo, que está presente en diversidad de actividades edu-comunicativas, se caracteriza por describir dinámicas de comunicación unidireccional y vertical de la ciencia hacia sus públicos. Estos estudios se han quedado cortos en identificar cuáles son las condiciones de producción que sostienen dicho modelo. Analizando el caso de una cartilla educativa, este artículo busca profundizar en la comprensión de aquello que define la ASCyT en Colombia como una práctica deficitaria. Lo anterior se logró desde un análisis de contenido etnográfico de este material educativo que permitió identificar una serie de dispositivos de lenguaje y gráficos que pueden a futuro servir de guía reflexiva para el diseño de otros materiales edu-comunicativos para la ASCyT.
Análise da relação entre importações e produtividade: evidência empírica para a indústria de transformação do Brasil
Authors: Silva Igor Ézio Maciel , Bezerra Jocildo Fernandes , Lima Ricardo Chaves
Published: July 2012

A década de 1990 foi marcada por mudanças na economia brasileira, dentre elas a abertura comercial e a retomada do crescimento da produtividade. Muitas teorias e trabalhos empíricos apontam os impactos do comércio externo sobre a produtividade e o crescimento econômico, mas ainda não há consenso sobre essas questões. Este trabalho tem por objetivo examinar a relação entre o volume das importações e a produtividade do trabalho da indústria de transformação do Brasil. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados trimestrais das variáveis e a técnica dos vetores autorregressivos. Os resultados indicaram que o crescimento das importações influencia positivamente a produtividade.
Expressão de certeza e dúvida na gagueira: estudo dos aspectos temporais da fala
Authors: Celeste Leticia Correa , Reis César
Published: July 2012

OBJETIVO: examinar o papel da organização temporal do discurso na expressão das atitudes de certeza e dúvida em grupo de adultos com gagueira, comparando-a em um grupo de adultos fluentes. MÉTODO: participaram desta pesquisa 24 indivíduos, sendo 12 com gagueira (GE1 e GE2) e 12 sem gagueira (GC). Foram coletadas amostras que teve como base um corpus de 10 frases chave que foram produzidas nas formas neutra, de dúvida e de certeza, totalizando 840 enunciados. A análise acústica foi realizada por meio do programa Praat e os seguintes parâmetros foram analisados: tempos e taxas de elocução e articulação, ocorrência e duração de pausas e disfluências, duração das vogais tônica e pré-tônica e ocorrência da vogal pós-tônica. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio dos testes Kruskall Wallis e qui-quadrado, com índice de significância de 95%. RESULTADOS: a expressão da dúvida apresenta taxa de articulação mais baixa no grupo controle, seguida da forma neutra e de certeza, com diferenças estatisticamente significantes. Ainda no grupo controle, foi observado presença de pausas e disfluências somente na expressão de dúvida. No grupo experimental, a maior diferença encontrada foi na duração da vogal da sílaba tônica. CONCLUSÃO: de uma forma geral, o GC variou mais sua organização temporal a fim de expressar as atitudes. No entanto, é possível observar também uma tendência semelhante no grupo de pessoas com gagueira. Quanto à velocidade de fala, ao retirar as pausas e as disfluências, vemos que tanto GE1 quanto GE2 diferenciam a certeza, articulando cada sílaba de forma mais rápida.
EEG and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in patients with acute limbic encephalitis
Authors: Lizcano Angélica , Carriço Luciana , Barbosa Patrícia , Carvalho Maria Imaculada , Yasuda Clarissa , Montenegro Maria Augusta , Guerreiro Marilisa , Guerreiro Carlos , Cendes Fernando
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of electroencephalography (EEG) and MRI in patients with acute limbic encephalitis (LE). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 57 patients with diagnosis of LE from May 1994 to April 2010 and selected those with available EEG and MRI records. We analyzed EEG characteristics (type of abnormality, location and periodicity), reviewed MRIs and compared both. RESULTS: We included 22 patients, age ranging from 3 months to 71 years. EEG was abnormal in 21 patients (95.5%): Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) in 9 patients (40.9%), epileptiform discharges and/or temporal slow waves in 7 (31.8%) and 5 (22.7 %) with only background slowing. MRI showed abnormalities in temporal lobes of 19 patients (86.4%). The presence of PLEDs was strongly associated with hyperintense MRI-FLAIR signal involving hippocampus and temporal lobe cortex. Bilateral periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (Bi-PLEDs) seen in two patients were related to extensive symmetrical bitemporal hyperintense MRI-FLAIR signal. Three patients with PLEDs had only mild ipsilateral FLAIR-hyperintense abnormalities, while contralateral temporal areas were moderate to severely affected on MRI. In four patients with smaller asymmetric bilateral lesions we observed PLEDs in the most affected side. Diffuse slow waves were observed in three patients with discrete hyperintense signal on MRI. CONCLUSION: PLEDs are a typical EEG finding in LE, but not present in all cases. However EEG may predict the extension of MRI abnormalities: slow, mild and nonspecific EEG abnormalities may be related to discrete MRI lesions, while PLEDs to extensive lesions. Moreover, in bilateral, asymmetrical and widespread lesions PLEDS may be contralateral to the most affected ("burned-out") area on MRI.
The Boston Naming Test as a predictor of post-surgical naming dysfunctions in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Escorsi-Rosset Sara , Souza-Oliveira Cecília , Gargaro-Silva Ana Carolina , Coimbra Érica Regina , Miotto Eliane Correa , Bianchin Marino Muxfelt , Terra Vera Cristina , Sakamoto Américo Ceiki
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVES: Patients that undergo epilepsy surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in the dominant hemisphere are more susceptible to naming deficits. The aim of the present study was to perform an observational retrospective study comparing two groups of patients for naming performance, those with left and right temporal lobe resections regarding the performance in naming by Boston Naming Test (BNT). METHODS: A total of 120 right-handed patients (52 right temporal lobe and 68 left temporal lobe), aged between 18 and 59, with pharmacoresistant mesial TLE were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent pre and postoperative neuropsychological assessment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS : The BNT was a good predictor for possible post-surgical language deficits in patients submitted to left temporal lobectomy.
Ictal patterns in children: an illustrated review
Authors: Spinosa Mônica Jaques , Liberalesso Paulo Breno de Noronha , Mehl Larissa , Löhr Júnior Alfredo
Published: July 2012

Detailed knowledge of electroencephalographic patterns accompanying epileptic seizures in children is paramount to the correct identification of epileptic seizures and syndromes. In this article, we present a review of ictal patterns of different seizure types in children, illustrating with examples collected in our video-EEG laboratory at Pequeno Príncipe Hospital.
Anatomia microcirúrgica das artérias infratentoriais: um estudo estereoscópico
Authors: Isolan Gustavo Rassier , Pereira Adamastor Humberto , Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires de , Antunes Ápio Cláudio Martins , Mousquer João Pedro , Pierobon Marcel Rozin
Published: July 2012

CONTEXTO: O espaço infratentorial do crânio é uma região que possui complexa rede de artérias que vascularizam o tecido cerebelar e o tronco encefálico. Sua complexa anatomia tridimensional deve ser profundamente entendida pelo neurocirurgião vascular e pelo radiologista intervencionista. OBJETIVO: Descrever as principais artérias do espaço infratentorial e seu trajeto, bem como sua relação com a topografia das estruturas neurais. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 30 cérebros humanos, fixados em formalina e 6 cabeças de cadáveres dissecadas, utilizando-se microscópico cirúrgico com 3X a 40X de aumento. Os cérebros e todas as cabeças foram injetados com siloxanos polimerizados ou polisiloxanos (silicone) colorido. As dissecções anatômicas foram documentadas utilizando-se técnica para obtenção de imagens tridimensionais (3D), objetivando a produção de impressões estereoscópicas. RESULTADOS: São descritos o trajeto, segmentos e ramos das artérias basilar, cerebelar superior, cerebelar anteroinferior, cerebelar posteroinferior e vertebral. CONCLUSÃO: A anatomia das artérias infratentoriais é complexa e as imagens estereoscópicas apresentadas são um importante instrumento de documentação, pois permitem uma noção de profundidade da anatomia estudada.
Poder e análise organizacional: elementos para uma crítica antiutilitarista
Authors: Procópio Marcos , França Filho Genauto Carvalho de
Published: July 2012

Este estudo procura questionar como algumas concepções teóricas sobre o poder, presentes no campo dos estudos organizacionais, podem limitar a apreensão do fenômeno organizacional, devido à inevitável instrumentalização das relações sociais que elas presumem. Essas concepções são especialmente aquelas que atrelam o poder à capacidade estratégica do indivíduo (ou grupo) de realização de objetivos externos, às quais são identificadas neste estudo pelo rótulo de "poder utilitário". Partindo da premissa de que a teoria sobre o poder é um importante recurso para a atividade de pesquisa e reflexão acerca das organizações, este ensaio procura identificar outras concepções teóricas de poder, passíveis de aplicação na investigação organizacional, capazes de complementar aquelas que se baseiam na racionalidade instrumental. A metodologia escolhida se resume a um trabalho de revisão da literatura que envolve outros campos das ciências humanas, além do campo dos estudos organizacionais, como a sociologia, a ciência política e a filosofia. A aplicação dessas concepções "alternativas" sobre o poder na investigação das organizações visa possibilitar uma compreensão mais adequada da vida organizacional.
O reinado dos estudos de caso na Teoria das Organizações: imprecisões e alternativas
Authors: Mariz Luiz Alberto , Goulart Sueli , Régis Helder Pontes , Dourado Debora
Published: July 2012

Com o amadurecimento do campo da Administração como área de conhecimento, verifica-se a busca de sua consolidação no âmbito das ciências sociais. Considerando a centralidade da questão metodológica para a qualidade do conhecimento na área de Teoria das Organizações, este trabalho apresenta revisão crítica da metodologia utilizada nos trabalhos publicados nos anais do ENANPAD, de 1999 a 2002. O objetivo é contribuir com as discussões sobre práticas metodológicas, especialmente no que diz respeito ao uso do estudo de caso como estratégia de pesquisa. As informações coletadas foram subdivididas em três grupos contemplando o delineamento da pesquisa, as técnicas de coleta de dados e as dimensões e recursos de análise de dados. Os resultados deste estudo apontaram para predominância de estudos qualitativos, uma relativa banalização no uso da estratégia de estudo de caso, tendência à adoção de pressupostos objetivistas, utilização de métodos interpretativistas de análise, entre outros. Esta análise sugere que a categoria de estudo qualitativo básico pode ser utilizada com proveito pelos pesquisadores brasileiros na área de Administração.
Reflexões sobre poder e controle nas Organizações da Economia Solidária (OES): um olhar à luz dos bichos de Orwell
Authors: Sá Marcio Gomes de , Soares Guilherme José de V.
Published: July 2012

Partindo das nuances da fábula A Revolução dos Bichos de George Orwell e estendendo as reflexões para o campo organizacional, este ensaio tem como objetivo refletir sobre Poder e Controle no contexto específico das organizações produtivas que visam atender aos requisitos propostos pelo modelo econômico solidário, ou seja, as Organizações da Economia Solidária (OES). O texto está estruturado em cinco seções, sendo a Apresentação a primeira. Em seguida, a Introdução, que oferece as linhas gerais da temática das OES, assim como a questão central que norteia o ensaio. Na terceira seção, procede-se a Fundamentação Teórica, trazendo uma visão geral dos conceitos fundamentais - na concepção dos autores - para o entendimento dos principais pontos que serão tratados mais adiante, se constituindo como lastro a partir do qual é soerguida a quarta seção, Poder e Controle: Algumas Reflexões sobre a Práxis em OES. Por fim, retomamos as "lições" oriundas da obra Orwell para construir as Considerações Finais, discorrendo uma visão crítica sobre a problemática em questão, assim como levantando algumas possibilidades para estudos posteriores.
A comparison of conduction calorimeter and heat of solution methods for measurement of the heat of hydration of cement
Authors: Killoh D. C.
Published: July 2012

Synopsis

Factors governing the accuracy and precision of the heat of hydration of cement measured by isothermal conduction calorimetry are discussed and results are presented comparing the values with those obtained by the heat of solution method (BS 4550: Part 3: Section 3·8). Comparison of the two methods is also made on the basis of a review of the published data. The conduction calorimeters used, which are of the Wexham Developments type, have the capability of measuring heat evolution rates between 10 μW and 200 mW for sample weights in the range 0·1 to 50 g over periods from a few hours up to several weeks. Tests have shown that rates can be measured with an error of less than 1%. The error in the measurement of total heat evolved was less than 1% from 1 J to 10 kJ. The calorimeters have been used successfully between 5 and 60°C. Excellent agreement has been obtained with the heat of solution method but with standard deviations 3 to 5 times lower. It is shown that conduction calorimetry can provide a viable alternative to the heat of solution method for measuring the heat of hydration of hydraulic cements. It is less laborious, more precise and measurements can be continued up to 7 days, and in many cases up to 28 days. It can also provide valuable data on heat evolution rates at early ages.
Spectrophotometric method for estimating the reactivity of pozzolanic materials
Authors: Surana M. S. , Josh S. N.
Published: July 2012

Synopsis

A spectrophotometric method is described for estimating the reactivity of pozzolanic materials. The method consists of boiling the pozzolana in 0·5 N NaOH solution for 3 min and estimating the alkali-soluble silica by spectrophotometry. Details of the method are described and results are correlated with strength developed in the lime-pozzolana mortar test. Some aspects of the chemistry of the silica estimation are also discussed. The proposed method is rapid, reproducible and accurate enough for routine quality control of pozzolanic materials.
Effect of phenols on the hydration of Portland cement
Authors: Singh N. B. , Singh S. P. , Sarvehi R.
Published: July 2012

The effect of three phenolic compounds, phenol, catechol and pyrogallol, on the hydration of white Portland cement was studied. Phenols increasingly retard hydration as the number of hydroxyl groups increases. Spectroscopic studies revealed that phenols interact chemically with the cement surface or calcium hydroxide, forming impermeable coatings or poisoning the nucleation and growth of Ca(OH)2 crystals
Granulometric analysis of fly ashes by laser diffraction
Authors: Frias M. , Luxan M. P. , Sanchez de Rojas M. I. , Garcia N.
Published: July 2012

The laser diffraction technique was used to study the granulometry of Spanish fly ashes because it is rapid, precise and reproducible. The equipment employed can carry out granulometric analyses in the dry and wet feeding systems. This Paper reports the results of both feeding systems under various test conditions, to obtain standard analysis conditions for fly ashes irrespective of their fineness. The granulometric results are compared with those obtained with the Alpine pneumatic siever, as sieving is an accepted method in international standards for this type of material. Scanning electron microscopy studies show the effect of previous sonication treatment on the fineness of fly ashes.
The beneficial effect of pozzolanas in suppressing the alkali-silica reaction
Authors: Zhang X. , Groves G. W.
Published: July 2012

An investigation has been made of the effect of replacement of part of the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in an OPC/silica glass (SG) mortar by pulverized fuel ash (PFA), precipitated silica (PS) and ground granulated blastfurnace slag (ggbs). The expansion of the mortar due to alkali-silica reaction is reduced, and it is found in all cases that alkali dilution due to the replacement can play only a minor role in the reduction of expansion. It is hypothesized that a major mechanism of this reduction is an increase in the effective SiO2/Na2O ratio to values in excess of the pessimum value; it is found that the greater is the deviation of this ratio from the pessimum value, the less is the expansion, the order of effectiveness of the replacements being PS > PFA > ggbs. The replacements are more effective in reducing the expansion due to alkali-silica reaction than they are in reducing the loss in bending strength of mortar bars. Observations by transmission electron microscopy of the microstructure of PFA/OPC/SG mortars show that the glass particle surfaces develop a layer of CSH reaction product of lower thickness than that of equivalent mortars without replacement, and that the PFA particles also develop a surface layer of CSH reaction product, but of different morphology to that of glass particle reaction product layers.
Instrumental investigations of hydration of Class J oilwell cement
Authors: Bell G. M. M. , Bensted J. , Glasser F. P. , Lachowski E. E. , Roberts D. R. , Rodger S. A.
Published: July 2012

The hydration of cement clinker frequently results in the intimate formation of several hydrates, often of variable crystallinity, and is further complicated by the incorporation of impurities into the hydrate structures. The hydrothermal hydration products of a Class J cement have been characterized by X-ray diffraction techniques, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution solid-state 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. IR and NMR spectroscopy show promise for identifying constituent phases of the silicate matrix in hydrothermal cement pastes.
Prediction of oilwell cement thickening times using a cementing model
Authors: Bensted J. , Becker S. J.
Published: July 2012

Oilwell cement thickening times are measured by mixing cement and additives and placing them in a consistometer in the laboratory to simulate downhole behaviour. This procedure is often unrepresentative of the practical operation on the rig. There will normally be variations in temperature, additive concentration and slurry density. All of these affect the thickening time in some way. However, unless each slurry is tested in the laboratory it is impossible to predict the result. Failure to identify excessively sensitive slurries has resulted in instances of lost rig time in practice. In an attempt to prevent such sensitive slurries from being pumped in the future, work has been undertaken on the feasibility of a model to predict thickening time based upon the cement hydration chemistry. Although the model described is still in the early stages of development, the indications are encouraging that such a model could be put to practical use. Correlation between experimental and predicted thickening times for three different class G cements and two different types of lignosulphonate retarder over the temperature range 27-120°C was shown to be generally good.
Simultaneous production of cement and electrical power by fluidized bed combustion of pretreated gangue
Authors: Yuan Runzhang , Gao Qiongying , Mao Ruoging , Pan Guoyao , Zhang Xulong , Zhang wenbang
Published: July 2012

A new type of low-energy cement has been obtained in the temperature range 850-950°C. Calcareous material is added to wet coal gangue and treated at less than 100°C; it is formed into pellets less than 6 mm in diameter. These pellets may be burnt at 850-950°C, which is the normal operating temperature of a small fluid bed boiler. The resulting slag may be ground to produce a new type of high early strength cement. This technology saves a great deal of energy and it is profitable, and it will also greatly reduce environmental pollution from fluid bed slag, SO3 emission and fly ash.