bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data from MARCH2, a Novel Oncogene-regulated SNAIL E3 Ligase, Suppresses Triple-negative Breast Cancer Metastases
Authors: Ito Koichi , Harada Ibuki , Martinez Criseyda , Sato Katsutoshi , Lee EunJee , Port Elisa , Byerly Jessica H. , Nayak Anupma , Tripathi Ekta , Zhu Jun , Irie Hanna Y.
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer promotes metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. A subset of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) exhibits a mesenchymal gene signature that is associated with poor patient outcomes. We previously identified PTK6 tyrosine kinase as an oncogenic driver of EMT in a subset of TNBC. PTK6 induces EMT by stabilizing SNAIL, a key EMT-initiating transcriptional factor. Inhibition of PTK6 activity reverses mesenchymal features of TNBC cells and suppresses their metastases by promoting SNAIL degradation via a novel mechanism. In the current study, we identify membrane-associated RING-CH2 (MARCH2) as a novel PTK6-regulated E3 ligase that promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of SNAIL protein. The MARCH2 RING domain is critical for SNAIL ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. PTK6 inhibition promotes the interaction of MARCH2 with SNAIL. Overexpression of MARCH2 exhibits tumor suppressive properties and phenocopies the effects of SNAIL downregulation and PTK6 inhibition in TNBC cells, such as inhibition of migration, anoikis resistance, and metastasis. Consistent with this, higher levels of MARCH2 expression in breast and other cancers are associated with better prognosis. We have identified MARCH2 as a novel SNAIL E3 ligase that regulates EMT and metastases of mesenchymal TNBC.
Significance:
EMT is a process directly linked to drug resistance and metastasis of cancer cells. We identified MARCH2 as a novel regulator of SNAIL, a key EMT driver, that promotes SNAIL ubiquitination and degradation in TNBC cells. MARCH2 is oncogene regulated and inhibits growth and metastasis of TNBC. These insights could contribute to novel strategies to therapeutically target TNBC.
Median Canaliform Dystrophy of Heller in a Carpet Weaver: A New Risk Factor? – A Case Report
Authors: El Fatoiki Fatima Zahra , El Kissouni Asmaa , Chiheb Soumiya
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Median canaliform dystrophy of Heller (MCDH) is a rare nail disorder that typically affects the thumbnails and is characterized by transverse ridges radiating from a paramedian canal or split in the nail plate, bearing resemblance to a fir tree. Case Report: We report here a case of a 60-year-old woman of rural origin, a carpet weaver, with no specific medical history. She was referred due to nail dystrophy on her thumbs that had been progressing over the last 10 years. Clinical examination revealed the presence of a midline splitting with a fir tree-like appearance of ridges angled backwards and normal cuticle. These lesions were symmetrically present on both thumbnails and the big toe nail. Based on this presentation, a diagnosis of Heller's canaliform dystrophy was established. Conclusion: Although the pathophysiology of MCDH remains unclear, proposed mechanisms include keratinocyte adhesion abnormalities, genetic predisposition, and inflammation within the nail matrix. Risk factors encompass medications like oral retinoids and self-inflicted trauma, as seen in repetitive cuticle manipulation. In this case, the patient’s nail dystrophy resulted from chronic local microtrauma due to her carpet weaving occupation, suggesting certain manual professions may contribute to MCDH development.
Análise de estruturas de edifícios altos pela técnica do meio contínuo
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Laier José Elias
Published: March 2024

Este texto reúne o material ministrado na disciplina de pós-graduação intitulada “Análise de Estruturas de Edifícios pela Técnica do Meio Contínuo”, oferecida no Curso de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Estruturas da Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos da Universidade de São Paulo. Os temas aqui trabalhados são mais voltados para os profissionais da área de Engenharia Civil, com especialização no ramo de estruturas. A Técnica do Meio Contínuo constitui um modelo matemático de análise aproximada de estruturas de edifícios altos envolvendo, no caso de análise plana, apenas o movimento horizontal, e, no caso tridimensional as duas translações e a rotação do conjunto, sendo tais movimentos funções contínuas da variável altura; facultando-se assim, dado o pequeno número de parâmetros envolvidos, a abordagem mediante cálculo manual. Por essa razão é de grande utilidade nas fases iniciais do projeto, bem como um contraponto para os resultados mais requintados de uma análise via programas comerciais de computador.
A taxa de vacância em edifícios multifuncionais e possíveis relações com as características arquitetônicas
Authors: Santos Ana Claudia de Souza , Guadanhim Sidnei Junior , Rodrigues Eloisa Ramos Ribeiro
Published: March 2024

El número de ciudades en Brasil que están experimentando procesos de verticalización está aumentando constantemente. Este fenómeno se caracteriza por una creciente demanda de viviendas en edificios verticales, lo que contribuye a un modelo de mercado comúnmente marcado por alturas imponentes, bajas tasas de ocupación y una conexión mínima o nula con espacios públicos, comprometiendo significativamente las experiencias sociales a nivel de la calle. La multifuncionalidad se ha sugerido como una posible respuesta para mantener la vitalidad urbana. Sin embargo, en este contexto, la calidad de los zócalos, el tipo de actividades, su ocupación y el flujo de personas son factores cruciales. Como resultado de una tesis de maestría, este artículo tiene como objetivo abordar la siguiente pregunta: ¿Existe una relación entre las decisiones de diseño arquitectónico y la tasa de vacancia identificada en los espacios dedicados al comercio y los servicios en edificios de uso mixto? A través de un análisis comparativo de 84 edificios verticales multifuncionales existentes en la ciudad de Londrina, Brazil, se tomaron medidas y los resultados sugieren un cierto grado de influencia de decisiones de diseño específicas en el funcionamiento de los pisos inferiores y la tasa de vacancia mapeada. Como principales contribuciones científicas, esta investigación destaca el potencial uso de la tasa de vacancia como parámetro de evaluación para proyectos y demuestra aspectos específicos de las características de los pisos inferiores con actividades comerciales y de servicio en edificios multifuncionales que pueden tenerse en cuenta en futuros proyectos para mejorar la relación edificio-calle.
Avaliação do desempenho de aberturas zenitais quanto à radiação solar e iluminação natural em espaços internos usando a modelagem paramétrica e a simulação numérica
Authors: Schmidlin Flavio , Silva Felipe Tavares da
Published: March 2024

A iluminação zenital é um recurso de projeto que pode ser utilizado para reduzir o consumo de energia em edifícios. Contudo, há condições para que não ocorra desconforto visual e/ou térmicos por excesso de radiação solar incidente no interior da edificação, o que pode ser indesejável especialmente em regiões de clima quente. Este estudo avaliou os níveis de autonomia de iluminação natural zenital e a incidência de radiação solar em ambientes internos com quatro tipologias de aberturas zenitais, usando modelos paramétricos e simulações numéricas. Foi utilizada uma base de dados climática de uma região no Brasil com baixa latitude, caracterizada por um clima tropical quente e úmido. O desempenho das tipologias de aberturas à luz natural foi avaliado usando a medida das Iluminâncias Úteis da Luz do Dia e a radiação solar incidente, considerando resultados médios anuais, diários e horários. O estudo incluiu análises com as aberturas zenitais orientadas a Norte-Sul e Leste-Oeste, considerando malhas de sensores nas paredes e no piso. Os resultados das simulações numéricas mostraram que o processo de modelagem utilizado pode auxiliar o processo de projeto arquitetônico na sua dimensão de iluminância natural e incidência de radiação solar em ambientes internos, mostrando configurações otimizadas para as dimensões do ambiente e da abertura zenital além de evidenciar que em cada tipologia estudada há um formato e dimensões do ambiente que resultam em um desempenho ótimo dos níveis de autonomia de iluminação
O processo de confessionalização e disciplinamento em Genebra à época de João Calvino: uma análise das Ordenanças Eclesiásticas e da ação Consistorial (1541-1564)
Authors: Rangel João Guilherme Lisbôa
Published: March 2024

Por intermédio de uma abordagem crítica da “teoria da confessionalização” e de sua importância para a compreensão das reformas religiosas do século XVI, o presente artigo analisa o processo de confessionalização e disciplinamento levado a cabo em Genebra à época em que João Calvino esteve à frente da cidade como pastor e reformador. Para tanto, o texto apresenta e discute a atuação de Calvino junto à cidade e ao seu conselho, apontando as tensões, as negociações e as fases vividas pelo reformador para levar a termo seu projeto reformista. Por fim, o artigo examina as Ordenanças Eclesiásticas e suas implicações, como a ação consistorial. Esse texto foi o responsável por normatizar a igreja de Genebra e implementar o consistório. Tanto as Ordenanças quanto a ação consistorial evidenciam o processo confessional disciplinar que marcou a primeira modernidade, bem como a reforma genebrina.
Impact of Off-Hour Admission on In-Hospital Outcomes for Patients With Stroke Receiving Reperfusion Therapy in China
Authors: Liu Zeyu , Yang Kaixuan , Gu Hongqiu , Wei Minping , Feng Xianjing , Yu Fang , Du Yang , Li Zixiao , Xia Jian
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:

The structure and staffing of hospitals greatly impact patient outcomes, with frequent changes occurring during nights and weekends. This retrospective cohort study assessed the impact of admission timing on in-hospital management and outcomes for patients with stroke receiving reperfusion therapy in China using data from a nationwide registry.

METHODS:

Data from patients receiving reperfusion therapy were extracted from the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance. Hospital admission time was categorized according to day/evening versus night and weekday versus weekend. Primary outcomes were in-hospital death or discharge against medical advice, hemorrhage transformation, early neurological deterioration, and major adverse cardiovascular events. Logistic regression was performed to compare in-hospital management performance and outcomes based on admission time categories.

RESULTS:

Overall, 42 381 patients received recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (r-tPA) therapy, and 5224 underwent endovascular treatment (EVT). Patients admitted during nighttime had a higher probability of receiving r-tPA therapy within 4.5 hours from onset or undergoing EVT within 6 hours from onset compared with those admitted during day/evening hours (adjusted odds ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.01–1.08];
P
=0.021; adjusted odds ratio, 1.72 [95% CI, 1.59–1.86];
P
<0.001, respectively). However, no significant difference was observed between weekend and weekday admissions for either treatment. No notable differences were noted between weekends and weekdays or nighttime and daytime periods in door-to-needle time for r-tPA or door-to-puncture time for EVT initiation. Furthermore, weekend or nighttime admission did not have a significant effect on the primary outcomes of r-tPA therapy or EVT. Nevertheless, in patients undergoing EVT, a higher incidence of pneumonia was observed among those admitted at night compared with those admitted during day/evening hours (adjusted odds ratio, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.05–1.42];
P
=0.011).

CONCLUSIONS:

Patients admitted at nighttime were more likely to receive r-tPA therapy or EVT within the time window recommended in the guidelines. However, patients receiving EVT admitted at night had an increased risk of pneumonia.
Drifting to the Periphery of the Ancient Greek World: on Images, Visions, and Dreams
Authors: Baracchi Claudia
Published: March 2024

The essay articulates a rhapsodic reflection on the place of images, their surfacing, and the invisible that sustains them. By way of introduction, it focuses on (1) the initial scenes of Pasolini’s Medea (1969). Following this spellbinding sequence, it addresses (2) the abiding philosophical attraction to the phenomenon of dreams and visions. This will lead to (3) the story of a momentous flight from the Eastern Mediterranean to the Western coast of Italy, sometime during the VI century BCE. One of the outcomes of this event was the founding of Velia, Elea in Attic Greek. These meanderings take us to the periphery of the region “we” call “the West.” More precisely, they point to the periphery of a certain received way of thinking and may contribute to unsettle it. For what begins to emerge from this rhapsody is an unusual profile of the most celebrated pre-classical thinker: Parmenides.
Lost in Place: Nearing Homelessness as Boundless Emptiness of Mind
Authors: Schroeder Brian
Published: March 2024

This essay brings together the perspectives of phenomenology and East Asian philosophies through an engagement with Dōgen, Heidegger, Nishida, and Nishitani to address the concept of place in relation to the concept and feeling of homelessness. With respect to the notion of dwelling and finding one’s place in the world and with oneself, the experience of being and feeling lost psychologically will be considered as a way (dao) toward overcoming nihilism and as an opening to attaining an awakened mind.
Carbon Farming and the Commission Proposal for a Regulation on a Certification Framework for Carbon Removals: a Legal Perspective
Authors: Cavallin Elisa
Published: March 2024

Carbon farming is a term associated with land-based practices, agricultural practices that aim at reducing emissions and sequestering carbon. These are, for example, agroforestry practices and practices that result in the maintenance and enhancement of soil organic carbon through the exploitation of the carbon cycle and the sequestration potential of soils.

Given the evident links with climate change mitigation, the subject matter of carbon and carbon removals has seen important developments in the European Union (EU) in the past few years. This has culminated in the adoption of a Commission Communication on sustainable carbon cycles and a Commission Proposal for a Regulation on a certification framework for carbon removals.

This contribution is meant to address the content and the potentially problematic aspects of the Commission Proposal from a legal perspective.
Safe and Accurate Laparoscopic Total Gastrectomy for Remnant Gastric Cancer With Severe Adhesions Using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging: Guidance in Detection of the Accurate Dissection Layer to Avoid Organ Injury
Authors: Yamazaki Kimiyasu , Mochizuki Kiyotaka , Date Hiromi , Watanabe Ryohei , Aoki Takeshi
Published: March 2024

Laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) for remnant gastric cancer (RGC) requires advanced techniques due to severe postoperative adhesions and anatomic changes. We performed LTG in 2 patients with RGC using intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging. Both cases previously underwent distal gastrectomy with Billroth-I reconstruction for gastric cancer and were subsequently diagnosed with early-stage gastric cancer of the remnant stomach. Indocyanine green (2.5 mg/body) was administered intravenously during surgery. The liver and common bile duct were clearly visualized during surgery using near-infrared fluorescence laparoscopy, and the adhesions between the hepatobiliary organs and remnant stomach were safely dissected. Laparoscopic total gastrectomy was successfully performed without complications, and the postoperative course was uneventful in both cases. Intraoperative real-time ICG fluorescence imaging allows clear visualization of the liver and common bile duct and can be useful in LTG for RGC with severe adhesions.
The Effect of 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate to Reverse Factor Xa Inhibitors in Patients With Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Rauh Jessica L. , Torosian Taron , Thompson Anothony , Evangelista Meagan , Hoth Jason
Published: March 2024

The utility of 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) for reversal in patients on factor Xa inhibitors (XaI) is unclear, specifically in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). This is a retrospective review over 6 years at a level 1 trauma center of patients presenting with mTBI on XaI comparing outcomes for those that received 4F-PCC to those that did not. 140 patients were included, 103 (74%) of these patients received 4F-PCC while 37 (26%) did not. There was no significant difference in neurologic decline within 48 hours of admission or need for neurosurgical intervention. Interestingly, there was no difference in ICH progression (16% vs 14%, P = .77). In this study, 4F-PCC given after mild traumatic brain injury did not impact ICH progression, neurologic decline, or need for neurosurgical intervention. Although limited in numbers, this study suggests that 4F-PCC is not necessarily required in mTBI and further studies are indicated.
Comparison of Surgical Techniques for the Treatment of Congenital Nasal Pyriform Aperture Stenosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rosi-Schumacher Mattie , DiNardo Lauren A. , Reese Alyssa D. , Gupta Soumya , Nagy Ryan E. , Chakraborty Saptarshi , Carr Michele M.
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) is a rare condition that results in neonatal respiratory difficulty. The purpose of this systematic review was to compare surgical outcomes of drilling versus dilation techniques in the treatment of CNPAS.

Methods:

Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Clinical Trials databases were searched for terms “congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis” or “pyriform aperture stenosis” from 2010 to 2021. Twenty-five studies were included that evaluated pediatric patients treated surgically for CNPAS with available outcomes data including complications, revisions, and length of stay.

Results:

A total of 51 patients with CNPAS were pooled from included studies. The median age was 29 days, 56.9% were female, and 54.9% were born full-term. The median pyriform aperture width before surgery was 5.00 mm (IQR = 4.10, 6.45). Forty (78.4%) patients underwent sublabial drilling, while 6 had a dilation procedure performed with hegar cervical dilators, 2 had a balloon dilation, and 3 were dilated with either an acrylic device, endotracheal tube, or bougie. There were no post-operative complications for 76.5% of patients, while a second surgery was required in 9 (17.6%) patients. The median length of stay was 11 days (IQR = 4, 26). No statistically significant difference was observed between sublabial drilling and surgical dilation techniques with respect to complications, need for revision surgery, or length of stay.

Conclusion:

Current literature is insufficient to determine if drilling or dilation is more effective in the treatment of CNPAS.
Virtual Reality Adaptive Training for Personalized Stress Inoculation
Authors: Finseth Tor , Dorneich Michael C. , Keren Nir , Franke Warren D. , Vardeman Stephen
Published: March 2024

Objective

To evaluate a personalized adaptive training program designed for stress prevention using graduated stress exposure.

Background

Astronauts in the high-risk space mission environment are prone to performance-impairing stress responses, making preemptive stress inoculation essential for their training.

Methods

This work developed an adaptive virtual reality-based system that adjusts environmental stressors based on real-time stress indicators to optimize training stress levels. Sixty-five healthy subjects underwent task training in one of three groups: skill-only (no stressors), fixed-graduated (prescheduled stressor changes), and adaptive. Psychological (subjective stress, task engagement, distress, worry, anxiety, and workload) and physiological (heart rate, heart rate variability, blood pressure, and electrodermal activity) responses were measured.

Results

The adaptive condition showed a significant decrease in heart rate and a decreasing trend in heart rate variability ratio, with no changes in the other training conditions. Distress showed a decreasing trend for the graduated and adaptive conditions. Task engagement showed a significant increase for adaptive and a significant decrease for the graduated condition. All training conditions showed a significant decrease in worry and anxiety and a significant increase in the other heart rate variability metrics.

Conclusion

Although all training conditions mitigated some stress, the preponderance of trial effects for the adaptive condition supports that it is more successful at decreasing stress.

Application

The integration of real-time personalized stress exposure within a VR-based training program not only prepares individuals for high-stress situations by preemptively mitigating stress but also customizes stressor levels to the crew member’s current state, potentially enhancing resilience to future stressors.
Exploring stressors impacting the mental health of refugee mothers in Lebanon during COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Alnaji Nada , Akesson Bree , Bagenda Danstan
Published: March 2024

This study analyzes stressors experienced by Syrian mothers in Lebanon in 2020 and emphasizes the necessity of addressing their distinct needs. Through in-depth interviews, it identifies stressors linked to living conditions in Lebanon, the economic crisis, health care access, and the impact of the pandemic. The study recommends that social workers should utilize and enhance existing support systems. It also recommends social policies facilitating mobility for Syrians to reunite with their families and livelihood programs enabling families to prioritize their own financial stability. This comprehensive approach has the potential to alleviate the challenges faced by Syrian mothers in Lebanon.
Simulation and experimental study of nanofiber yarns prepared by disc electrospinning
Authors: Hao Ming , Zhang Tianyi , Hu Xiaodong , Chen Zhijun , Yang Bo , Liu Yanbo , Wang Xiaoxiao , Liu Yong
Published: March 2024

Conjugated electrospinning is an exciting way to prepare nanoyarns. However, all currently reported preparations of nanofiber yarns by conjugated electrospinning use needles, which can cause discontinuous yarn production due to plugging needles during the preparation process. Herein, a novel disc treated with rounded corners as the spinneret of conjugated electrospinning was developed to spin continuously twisted nanofiber yarn to overcome the existing problems. First, finite element analysis was used to optimize the parameters of the disc. The disc exhibited the optimal field strength distribution on the spinning surface when the disc rounding angle was 0.7, and the coefficient of variation value of the field strength was only 12.6%. After that, we optimized the effect of spinning parameters on yarn yield by central composite design. In addition, the impact of spinning parameters on fiber morphology was also investigated. Under the optimized parameters, it is possible to spin continuously at a 360 m/h speed for at least 1 h without breaking. This innovative approach provides a novel idea for continuously producing nanofiber yarns.
In-situ polarized coaxial PVDF/PL nanofiber filtration membrane with high efficiency, low resistance and antimicrobial properties
Authors: Han Ling , Diao Xinyi , Jia Qi , Ma Wanqi , Wang Qi
Published: March 2024

Aerosols are prone to breed bacteria on air filtration materials so as to cause secondary air pollution, especially carrying bacteria and viruses. This paper utilized coaxial electrospinning technology with traditional Chinese medicine Physalis alkekengi Linn as the core layer antibacterial material and polyvinylidene fluoride/polyacrylonitrile mixed solution as the shell layer material. Nonsolvent phase separation technology was employed to prepare the porous shell layer, achieving sustained slow-release and long-lasting antibacterial effects from the core P. alkekengi Linn. In addition, an in-situ polarization technology from high voltage in electrospinning process was adopted to achieve permanent polarization of polyvinylidene fluoride, which changed from α-crystal to β-crystal. Using the electrostatic charge adsorption effect and the ultra-fine pore size screening of the nanofiber membrane, high-efficiency and low-resistance filtration of aerosols above 0.3 μm was achieved (99.98% filtration efficiency and filtration resistance less than 25 Pa). It can be widely used in the field of air filtration and protection in high-risk environments such as stations, schools, and hospitals, achieving long-lasting antibacterial, high-efficiency, and low-resistance air filtration and protection.
Making Citra: Branding, Breeding, and the Co-production of New Aroma Hops in the Yakima Valley
Authors: Comi Matt
Published: March 2024

Using farmer-owned breeding programs operated by vertically integrated US Northwest hop growers, this article examines the novel hops produced by these programs with market applications for craft beer. Drawing on data collected through hybrid qualitative methods, I explore Yakima farmers’ understandings of the hop material they breed, grow, buy, and/or sell, alongside this model’s resulting value chain. I demonstrate that growers, alongside other materials in the hop-growing assemblage, co-produce material technologies (new hop genetics) and discursive technologies (new hop brands). This study provides insights into alternative places, where agricultural plant science and innovation may be possible and the social ramifications of knowledge-making. The case study of craft hops demonstrates how embedded plant science has the capacity to reconfigure neoliberal tendencies in modernist agriculture but that without intervention, these tendencies are reinstated through the deployment of discursive technologies in the form of branded intellectual property.
Predicting emotion regulation in typically developing toddlers: Insights into the joint and unique influences of various contextual predictors
Authors: Heeman Emma J. , Forslund Tommie , Frick Matilda A. , Frick Andreas , Jónsdóttir Lilja K. , Brocki Karin C.
Published: March 2024

Emotion regulation (ER) is a source of risk and resilience for psychological development and everyday functioning. Despite extensive research on various early contextual predictors of child ER capacity, few studies have integrated them into the same study. Therefore, our longitudinal study investigated the joint and independent contributions of several prominent contextual predictors of child ER capacity. We followed typically developing children and their caregivers ( N = 118, 47% girls) at three time points (children ages 10, 12, and 18 months). At 10 months, mothers reported household chaos, social support, and parenting stress, and maternal sensitivity was observed and coded with the Ainsworth’s Maternal Sensitivity Scales. At 12 months, child–mother attachment security was assessed using the Strange Situation Procedure. Finally, at 18 months, child ER was obtained with a Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery frustration task. Correlational analyses revealed that household chaos and maternal sensitivity were significantly positively associated with child ER. Multiple regression analyses showed independent effects of household chaos and maternal sensitivity on child ER. Our partly counterintuitive results underscore the significance of cumulative risk and protective factors for ER development and suggest that household chaos and maternal sensitivity may contribute uniquely to better ER in typical toddlerhood.
No difference in fat oxidation, postexercise energy expenditure or energy intake following ingestion of a protein-based breakfast compared to carbohydrate breakfast
Authors: Hillman Angela R , Cullums Lane , Peairs Abigail , Miller Sophie A
Published: March 2024

Background: Manipulation of macronutrient intake and exercise can alter overall energy consumption and potentially body composition. Aim: The purpose of this study was to manipulate the macronutrient content of breakfast before exercise to investigate the impact on exercise energy expenditure and postexercise energy intake (EI). Methods: Twelve active men were recruited, 11 finished the study protocol (age: 28 ± 9 years; VO2max: 56 ± 5 ml·kg−1·min−1). In a randomized crossover design, each participant completed 4 trials, 3 consisting of a specific breakfast (protein, PRO; carbohydrate, CHO; noncaloric; NON-CAL) followed in 1 h by a 45 minutes moderate intensity treadmill exercise protocol. The fourth trial consisted of breakfast and no exercise (CON). An ad-libitum lunch and food for the rest of the day were provided and assessed for EI. Measures included resting metabolic rate pre- and postbreakfast along with oxygen uptake (VO2) during and after exercise, along with hunger scales, and blood measures of glucose, insulin and plasma-PYY prebreakfast, pre-exercise, postexercise, and 60 minutes postexercise. Results: Fat oxidation was highest during exercise in the NON-CAL (0.57 g·min−1) trial with similar levels of fat oxidation between PRO (0.50 g·min−1) and CHO trials (0.48 g·min−1). Hunger was not affected by PRO intake or exercise, nor was appetite hormones and glucose. EI at lunch and dinner was not significantly different between trials. Conclusion: Pre-exercise PRO intake did not modify fat oxidation during exercise, did not lead to a larger VO2 versus CHO, nor did it attenuate EI postexercise.
Art, Extractivism, and the Ontological Shift: Toward a (Post)Extractivist Aesthetics
Authors: Serafini Paula
Published: March 2024

This article aims to contribute to a (post)extractivist aesthetics at a time of ontological shifts, meaning an aesthetics that focuses on the role of art in struggles for (post)extractivist worlds. First, it argues for a contextualized approach to the use of the extractivism framework and proposes that this framework is particularly productive for approaching the socio-environmental crisis due to the way it allows us to engage with the ontological basis of this crisis. The article then builds on empirical research conducted in Argentina to develop the concept of prefigurative ontological design, one of the key functions, it is proposed, of artistic practice in anti- and post-extractivist movements. In this way, the article aims to expand our understanding of the potential of extractivism as a framework of analysis and contributes to the theorization of the relationship between art and extractivism through the lens of political ontology, offering new concepts for developing a (post)extractivist aesthetics.
Sexual and non-sexual femicide in South Africa: Comparing two studies 2009 and 2017
Authors: Abrahams Naeemah , Mhlongo Shibe , Chirwa Esnat , Dekel Bianca , Ketelo Asiphe , Mathews Shanaaz , Jewkes Rachel
Published: March 2024

Sexual femicide, an abhorrent crime, is not well described and reported. The aim of the study was to describe sexual and non-sexual femicide in South Africa and compare the 2009 with the 2017 study presenting sociodemographic characteristics of victims, perpetrators, crime and forensic findings. The same retrospective study design using proportionate random sample of medico-legal laboratories were used. Sexual femicide was identified from autopsy and police reports. Findings show sexual femicide is not rare in South Africa. We estimated 451 (95% confidence interval: 366–533) sexual femicides in 2009 and 210 (95% confidence interval: 176–244) in 2017. Sexual femicides decreased by more than half from 19.1% in 2009 to 8.7% in 2017. We show an increase among younger women, those living in rural areas and strangers as perpetrators. Our dedicated studies show the value of documenting sexual femicides over time in a country with high levels of gender-based violence to assist development of theory-based prevention interventions.
Hydrogen treatment reduces electroencephalographic activity and neuronal death in rats with refractory status epilepticus by inhibiting membrane NR2B phosphorylation and oxidative stress
Authors: Jia Ruihua , Zhu Gemin , Zhao Rui , Li Tian , Jiang Wen , Cui Xiaoli
Published: March 2024

Objective

To investigate the effects of hydrogen therapy on epileptic seizures in rats with refractory status epilepticus and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods

Status epilepticus was induced using pilocarpine. The effects of hydrogen treatment on epilepsy severity in model rats were then monitored using Racine scores and electroencephalography (EEG), followed by western blot of plasma membrane N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B (NR2B) and phosphorylated NR2B expression. We also generated a cellular epilepsy model using Mg2+-free medium and used polymerase chain reaction to investigate the neuroprotective effects of hydrogen.

Results

There were no significant differences in Racine scores between the hydrogen and control groups. EEG amplitudes were lower in the hydrogen treatment group than in the control group. In epilepsy model rats, hippocampal cell membrane NR2B expression and phosphorylation increased gradually over time. Although hippocampal cell membrane NR2B expression was not significantly different between the two groups, NR2B phosphorylation levels were significantly lower in the hydrogen group. Hydrogen treatment also increased superoxide dismutase, mitochondrial (SOD2) expression.

Conclusions

Hydrogen treatment reduced EEG amplitudes and NR2B phosphorylation; it also decreased neuronal death by reducing oxidative stress. Hydrogen may thus be a potential treatment for refractory status epilepticus by inhibiting membrane NR2B phosphorylation and oxidative stress.
Impacts of Emergency Vehicle Marking Characteristics and Wearable Lights on Driver Responses
Authors: Bullough John D. , Parr Scott A.
Published: March 2024

Retroreflective markings provide important visual information to drivers about emergency vehicles and the incidents at which they are working. A stationary outdoor field study to investigate the impacts of emergency vehicle marking color, retroreflectivity level, and spatial patterns on drivers’ ability to see nearby emergency responders was carried out. The study also examined the impacts of a wearable flashing light-emitting diode (LED) light. Based on the results, agencies should use materials with higher levels of retroreflectivity carefully, especially when they will be covering large-area vehicle surfaces. Limiting the maximum retroreflectivity level to no greater than American Society for Testing and Materials Type III may help lessen negative impacts of bright reflective materials on drivers’ ability to see emergency responders. As long as the average reflectivity of different color combinations is similar to that of red and yellow reflective markings, chevron patterns with those color combinations will not reduce emergency responder visibility. Outline patterns of reflective markings on vehicles performed similarly at night to patterns covering most of the vehicle surface. The effectiveness of using high-retroreflectivity materials in an outline pattern in combination with lower- (or non-) retroreflectivity materials elsewhere on the surface should be studied. Wearable flashing LED lights can make emergency responders easier to see at night, provided they do not increase glare to approaching drivers.
The Everted Acetabular Labrum: Outcomes of Surgical Management
Authors: Girardi Nicholas G. , Lee Jessica H. , Genuario James W. , Vogel Laura A. , Kraeutler Matthew J. , Keeter Carson , Mei-Dan Omer
Published: March 2024

Background:

An everted acetabular labrum (EL) is a pathologic variant in which the labrum is flipped to the capsular side of the acetabular rim. An iatrogenic EL is a known complication of a poorly executed labral repair, and a recent study described the native acetabular EL.

Purpose:

To analyze surgical outcomes after advancement or reconstruction of an EL in a native hip.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

This was a multicenter retrospective review of prospectively collected data on primary hip arthroscopic surgeries performed between 2013 and 2023. An EL was identified arthroscopically as a labrum–femoral head gap while off traction in the native hip. All patients with EL who were analyzed in this study underwent arthroscopic labral repair and advancement or labral augmentation or reconstruction. Patients with hip dysplasia also underwent periacetabular osteotomy with or without a derotational femoral osteotomy. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were assessed using the 12-item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12) and the Nonarthritic Hip Score. PROs were obtained preoperatively and up to 24 months after surgery. PROs were compared with those of a case-matched control cohort in a 1:2 ratio. Only patients with PROs available at ≥1 year postoperatively were included in the outcome analysis.

Results:

A total of 111 patients (129 hips) with EL during the study period were identified, with PROs available in 96 hips. The mean age of patients with EL was 30.5 years, and women made up 87% of the cohort. Of the 129 hips with an EL, an isolated diagnosis of an EL was present in 11.6% of hips. Deficient acetabular coverage (lateral center-edge angle <25°) was seen in 40.6% of EL hips. No difference was seen in iHOT-12 scores between EL and control groups at 12- or 24-month follow-up ( P = .18 and .94, respectively). Patients with EL reported a significant improvement of PROs at latest follow-up ( P < .001 for iHOT-12 and Nonarthritic Hip Score).

Conclusion:

Surgical management of a native EL with restoration of the labral seal on the femoral head and correction of concomitant pathologies resulted in significant clinical improvement, with postoperative outcome scores comparable to those of patients without an EL. These findings provide evidence supporting surgical intervention for a native EL.
Augmented anastomotic ureteral reconstruction using buccal mucosal graft, initial experience
Authors: Reyad Ahmed M , Abd Elhamed Ahmed Mamdouh , Elsherief Ahmed Mahmoud , Abdelhaleem Hassan Ali , Mahmoud Tarek Ahmed
Published: March 2024

Objective:

To assess the augmented anastomotic ureteral reconstruction using buccal mucosal graft based on omental flap for managing ureteral stricture.

Subjects and methods:

This prospective cohort study was conducted on 13 patients with ureteric strictures of different lengths secondary to Bilhalziasis, iatrogenic (post endoscopy) and post inflammatory etiology in upper and mid ureteral segments were treated with buccal mucosal patch grafts and The graft is fixed to the undersurface or the posterior surface of the omentum before doing graft anastomosis to the ureteral walls as to ensure the process of graft take sticky to the principles of tissue transfer. All patients were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination for assessment of pain, lower or upper urinary track symptoms and laboratory investigation (complete blood count, CRP, liver function test and kidney function test (serum urea and creatinine).

Results:

The mean operative time was 148.85 min and mean hospital stay was 3 days. Mean blood loss was ranged from 20 to 210 ml and Stent was removed after 8–12 weeks. The mean follow up was 13 months, all patients had a non-obstructive RI value <0.7 with a non-obstructed drainage pattern on the diuretic renogram except one patient who had severe postoperative UTI necessitating nephrostomy tube insertion his drainage curve was plateau.

Conclusion:

BMG ureteroplasty is a valuable option for a carefully selected patient. The fixation of the graft on the back surface of the omentum allows for better anatomical reconstruction without any twisting to the omental pedicle.
Special Education Researchers’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Reported Use of Open Practices
Authors: Fleming Jesse I. , Wilson Sarah Emily , Espinas Daniel , van Dijk Wilhelmina , Cook Bryan G.
Published: March 2024

Despite calls for open science reforms in special education research, little is known about the perceptions or practices of special education researchers regarding open science. In this study, we modified the Open Science Survey to conduct a preliminary examination of the knowledge, attitudes, perceived norms, and behavioral intent of 155 special education researchers for three open practices: preregistering studies, posting preprints, and sharing data. Respondents reported favorable attitudes toward each of the practices but low levels of implementation knowledge. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that knowledge, attitudes, career stage, and methodological preference significantly predicted intent to engage in these open practices. We provide recommendations from these findings to inform efforts to increase open science uptake in the field.
Correlative Assessment of Machine Learning-Based Cobb Angle Measurements and Human-Based Measurements in Adolescent Idiopathic and Congenital Scoliosis
Authors: Stott Samantha M. , Wu Yujie , Hosseinpour Shahob , Chen Chaojun , Namdar Khashayar , Amirabadi Afsaneh , Shroff Manohar , Khalvati Farzad , Doria Andrea S.
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Scoliosis is a complex spine deformity with direct functional and cosmetic impacts on the individual. The reference standard for assessing scoliosis severity is the Cobb angle which is measured on radiographs by human specialists, carrying interobserver variability and inaccuracy of measurements. These limitations may result in lack of timely referral for management at a time the scoliotic deformity progression can be saved from surgery. We aimed to create a machine learning (ML) model for automatic calculation of Cobb angles on 3-foot standing spine radiographs of children and adolescents with clinical suspicion of scoliosis across 2 clinical scenarios (idiopathic, group 1 and congenital scoliosis, group 2). Methods: We retrospectively measured Cobb angles of 130 patients who had a 3-foot spine radiograph for scoliosis within a 10-year period for either idiopathic or congenital anomaly scoliosis. Cobb angles were measured both manually by radiologists and by an ML pipeline (segmentation-based approach—Augmented U-Net model with non-square kernels). Results: Our Augmented U-Net architecture achieved a Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE) of 11.82% amongst a combined idiopathic and congenital scoliosis cohort. When stratifying for idiopathic and congenital scoliosis individually a SMAPE of 13.02% and 11.90% were achieved, respectively. Conclusion: The ML model used in this study is promising at providing automated Cobb angle measurement in both idiopathic scoliosis and congenital scoliosis. Nevertheless, larger studies are needed in the future to confirm the results of this study prior to translation of this ML algorithm into clinical practice.
Governance without we. Wicked problems and collaborative governance
Authors: Bannink Duco , Sancino Alessandro , Sorrentino Maddalena
Published: March 2024

In this introductory article to our PPA special issue we argue that the relation between wicked problems and collaborative governance is fraught with difficulties. Doing so, we take four steps: we maintain that wicked problems are better understood as wicked actor constellations; we delve into the collaborative governance-approach and posit that it is mainly concerned with wicked problems; we then argue that collaborative governance might not be the most feasible response to wicked problems; and after that we argue that an assumption instead of actors being engaged in actor positioning processes allows a clearer understanding of policy processes in wicked actor constellations. Following this discussion, we introduce the articles featured in the special issue and discuss implications for research.
Force transmission and height adjustment stability of the new height adjustable long pillow ballastless track
Authors: He Zhenxing , Luo Cheng , Wang Shuzhen , Yun Jianfeng , Feng Quanbao
Published: March 2024

To address the settlement issue in high-speed railway foundations, the present study introduces a novel ballastless track system called NHABT (New height-adjustable ballastless track). This paper outlines the structural characteristics of the track and provides a detailed explanation of the methodology employed for height adjustment. To account for the unique properties of the NHABT structure, this study establishes finite element and vehicle-track coupling dynamics models. Firstly, under wheel load conditions, the study investigates the stress distribution of the NHABT structure and analyzes the influence of track bed length, thickness, and height adjustment on the force transfer characteristics of the NHABT structure. Secondly, the impact of height adjustment on the quality of vehicle operation and the stability of the NHABT structure is examined. The results indicate that adjusting the NHABT structure within a range of 20 to 200 mm is achievable by changing the side support pad or sleeper. The maximum stress occurs in the folded corner area on both sides of the sleeper groove. The force transfer characteristics of the NHABT structure are not affected by the length of the track bed, but its thickness significantly influences the stress in the folding corner area of the sleeper groove. The vehicle running quality and the stability of the NHABT structure after the adjustment are maintained at the same level as before the adjustment.
Alluvial-lacustrine record of Mid- to Late-Holocene moisture variations trend verified by multiple proxies in the middle and lower reaches of the Hutubi River, northwest China
Authors: Tan Dianjia , Jin Jianhui , Li Zhizhong , Liu Rui , Ma Yunqiang , Zou Xiaojun , Wei Junjie
Published: March 2024

Alluvial-lacustrine deposits are important carriers for studying paleo-hydrological information and the evolution of paleo-environments. In this study, a total of 6 optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) samples from 2 profiles in the lower and middle reaches of the Hutubi River in the North Tianshan Mountains were dated, and a comprehensive analysis was conducted by integrating sedimentary structures, grain sizes, and magnetic susceptibility characteristics to explore the sedimentary environment patterns and regional evolution processes during the Mid to late Holocene. The results revealed the following findings: (1) The OSL signal of quartz samples indicates the predominance of fast components, allowing reliable dating of regional fluvial sediments using the appropriate condition-tested coarse-grained quartz single-aliquot regenerative dose (SAR) protocol within the 90–125 μm range. (2) Analysis of sedimentary structures, grain sizes, and magnetic susceptibility characteristics reveals lithofacies of heterotopic synchronous or homotopic asynchronous in exposed profiles, with predominantly poorly sorted fine and very fine sand. Magnetic susceptibility is primarily controlled by the content of magnetic minerals in the coarse particles, while also being influenced by the combined effects of provenance input and depositional environment, indicating a complex regional sedimentary environment influenced by variable hydrodynamic conditions driven by fluvial processes. (3) Based on OSL dating results and the analysis of various environmental proxy indicators, it is determined that the climatic environment in the Middle and Late-Holocene in the downstream areas of the northern piedmonts of the Tianshan Mountains demonstrates a fluctuating pattern of wet and dry alternations. The sedimentary environment shifted from a stable state in the Mid-Holocene to an unstable state in the Late-Holocene. The intermittent appearance of wet records may be associated with increased river activity caused presumably by the release of high-altitude ice due to rising temperatures and warming conditions.