bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining Medication With High‐Intensity‐Focused Ultrasound for Adenomyosis
Authors: Song Yuliang , Wang Linping
Published: December 2024

This network meta‐analysis aims to identify the best possible combination therapy for individuals suffering from adenomyosis. To identify pertinent research for the network meta‐analysis, a comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP, spanning from their commencement to February 21, 2024. The study's focus was on evaluating outcomes including visual analog scale (VAS) scores for dysmenorrhea, measurements of uterine and lesion volumes, menstrual blood loss, and the rate of disease recurrence. The findings from both direct and indirect comparisons, which were quantitatively assessed using weighted mean differences or relative risk along with their respective 95% confidence intervals, were graphically depicted in forest plots. Additionally, the ranking probability was illustrated, which indicated the likelihood of various high‐intensity‐focused ultrasound (HIFU) combination therapies being the most effective across each measured outcome. In the final analysis, this network meta‐analysis encompassed a total of 31 articles. The results showed that HIFU combined with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (GnRH‐a) and progestin was more effective to decrease VAS score for dysmenorrhea than other combined therapies. HIFU combined with progestin was superior to other combined therapies in decreasing uterine volume, lesion size, and recurrence rate. HIFU combined with mifepristone was more effective to reduce menstrual volume compared to other combined therapies. The analysis suggests that regimens incorporating HIFU along with GnRH‐a and progestin, or HIFU combined with progestin or HIFU combined with mifepristone might offer superior benefits in the clinical management of adenomyosis. These combined treatment approaches could potentially be more effective options for patients suffering from this condition.
Advances in Single Particle Mass Analysis
Authors: Lai Szu‐Hsueh , Maclot Sylvain , Antoine Rodolphe , Masselon Christophe D.
Published: December 2024

Single particle mass analysis methods allow the measurement and characterization of individual nanoparticles, viral particles, as well as biomolecules like protein aggregates and complexes. Several key benefits are associated with the ability to analyze individual particles rather than bulk samples, such as high sensitivity and low detection limits, and virtually unlimited dynamic range, as this figure of merit strictly depends on analysis time. However, data processing and interpretation of single particle data can be complex, often requiring advanced algorithms and machine learning approaches. In addition, particle ionization, transfer, and detection efficiency can be limiting factors for certain types of analytes. Ongoing developments in the field aim to address these challenges and expand the capabilities of single particle mass analysis techniques. Charge detection mass spectrometry is a single particle version of mass spectrometry in which the charge (z) is determine independently from m/z. Nano‐electromechanical resonator mass analysis relies on changes in a nanoscale device's resonance frequency upon deposition of a particle to directly derive its inertial mass. Mass photometry uses interferometric video‐microscopy to derive particle mass from the intensity of the scattered light. A common feature of these approaches is the acquisition of single particle data, which can be filtered and concatenated in the form of a particle mass distribution. In the present article, dedicated to our honored colleague Richard Cole, we cover the latest technological advances and applications of these single particle mass analysis approaches.
A Novel Metasurface Antenna With Enhanced CP Bandwidth Through Decreasing Q Factor
Authors: Mao Yunlong , Zhu Minghui , Liu Haonan , Li Si , Zhang Shunqi
Published: December 2024

This letter presents a novel metasurface antenna with improved axial ratio bandwidth using parasitic annular sector strips which decreased the Q factor. First, a metasurface antenna composed of a circular patch with etched annular cracks was designed and analyzed through characteristic analysis. Later, to enhance the axial bandwidth, four annular sector parasitic strips were added to decrease the Q factor based on transmission line analysis. In the end, the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. The results show that the proposed antenna operates in the frequency band from 8.77 to 9.68 GHz; its 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth is 9.19–9.62 GHz, which is significantly improved by 119% compared to the case without the parasitic strips; the maximum gain is 7.2 dBic, which makes it a good candidate for marine search and rescue communications.
Scaled Coherence Factor Based Delay Multiply and Sum Beamforming Algorithm in Microwave Imaging
Authors: Hao Si‐si , Li Jian‐ying , Chen Xin‐zhao , Li Xiang‐long
Published: December 2024

Microwave imaging is a highly promising modality for the early detection of breast cancer. A multitude of image reconstruction algorithms have been devised. Previous methods utilized the coherence factor (CF) to enhance image quality. However, CF‐based methods often oversuppress the desired signals and introduce image artifacts when the signal‐to‐noise ratio is low. This study introduces a scaled coherence factor‐based delay multiply and sum (DMAS) Beamforming technique to achieve good noise suppression while maintaining robustness. The performance of this method was evaluated using datasets derived from an experimental breast phantom. The results show that the proposed method achieves improvements of signal‐to‐clutter ratio by 26%, signal‐to‐mean ratio by 7%, full‐width at half‐maximum by 8%, and localization error by 51% compared to the CF‐DMAS method. The suggested microwave imaging approach for breast cancer detection provides high resolution, contrast, and localization accuracy along with low computational complexity.
A Multi‐Time Stepping Algorithm for the Modelling of Heterogeneous Structures With Explicit Time Integration
Authors: Chan Kin Fung , Bombace Nicola , Sap Duygu , Wason David , Falco Simone , Petrinic Nik
Published: December 2024

Heterogeneous solids often exhibit complex dynamic behavior, requiring simulations to use varying time steps. However, the conventional use of a single‐time step for the entire domain can be inefficient. This article proposes a multi‐time stepping algorithm that addresses this challenge by relaxing the constraint for an integer or constant time step ratio between subdomains and eliminating the need for kinematic interpolation. The algorithm ensures the satisfaction of the Courant‐Friedrichs‐Lewy condition, deviating only to allow subdomains to remain in synchronization. Consequently, less integration steps are performed in comparison to state‐of‐the‐art asynchronous integrators. We extend to the coupling of multiple subdomains, where each subdomain has its time step. Simulating stress wave propagation in metamaterials demonstrates that the proposed algorithm significantly accelerates simulation time, without sacrificing accuracy.
Transition Between Two Worlds: Morphological Continuity in Iron Age Cattle, Pig, and Sheep Populations (800–50 bc) of the Rhône Valley (France)
Authors: Seigle Michaël
Published: December 2024

The Rhône valley is an important contact point between the Mediterranean and Northern Europe. In Iron Ages (800–50 bc), it was an area of circulation between different material and cultural worlds, where different practices and cultures met. In this particular context, archeozoological studies can offer a different view of these questions of exchange and potential influence, by approaching the issues of food and animal husbandry. This study seeks to approach this question through the prism of animal morphology, the result of a selection of morphotypes by breeders, notably cattle, pig, and sheep, the most common species in the region at the time. Thanks to the log size index method, a certain stability can be demonstrated in pig and cattle morphology over time and space, as well as a slow homogenization of their sizes, which is really visible at La Tène D (125–50 bc). Sheep show a specific pattern with a notable high increase during La Tène C (250–125 bc). Comparison with data from other parts of the Mediterranean world would suggest that the development of local morphotypes owes little or nothing to the influence of Mediterranean breeding practices.
Enhancing the ion transportation on PVDF‐HFP and PMMA based solid polymer electrolyte by fusing Co3O4 and NiO NPs for energy storage applications
Authors: Vijaya B. , Jasmine Beulah Salome S. , Esther Swetha S. , Nallakumar Santhosh , Anand Sekar , Jayasurya D. , Sashmitha K. , Usha Rani M.
Published: December 2024

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are desirable for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries due to their flexibility, processability, and increased safety. However, limited ionic conductivity in solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) restricts lithium‐ion transport, hindering battery performance. Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) emerge as a potential solution by addressing this limitation. A novel CPE with enhanced ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability is developed in this work to overcome this difficulty. The novel electrolytes are synthesized by incorporation of prepared nickel oxide (NiO) and cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanofillers at varying weight percentages (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) into a PVDF‐HFP/PMMA/LiClO4/EC polymer blend using a solution casting technique. X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirm the effective incorporation of the fillers into the blend by assessing the structure of the polymer electrolyte. The optimal composition, containing 15 wt% each of NiO and Co3O4, exhibited a high ionic conductivity of 10−3 S/cm and an electrochemical stability window of 4.5 V at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed a porous structure with a smooth surface in the Li‐ion conducting blend, facilitating faster ion movement. The enhanced Li‐ion transportation, improved mechanical and thermal properties, and fire‐retardant characteristics make these CPEs promising candidates for energy storage devices.

Highlights

A novel PVDF‐HFP based polymer electrolyte is prepared for LIB application.

Amalgamation of NiO and Co3O4 nanofillers enhanced electrochemical performance.

The PEs conductivity (⁓10−3 S/cm) is sufficient for implementation in LIBs.

Synthesized PEs can be a potential alternative for the conventional PEs.
Transport of penetrants in polymeric materials
Authors: Chen Chen , Mei Baicheng , Schweizer Kenneth S , Evans Christopher M , Braun Paul V
Published: December 2024

Transport phenomena of chemical species in polymers underpin many applications. This mini‐review discusses several key transport scenarios in polymer gels, melts and crosslinked polymer networks. Transport mechanisms of a wide variety of penetrant and polymer chemistries are discussed via activated hopping theory and cover across the rubbery, intermediate/deeply supercooled and glassy states of polymers. Moreover, we also discuss the ionic conductivity in polymer electrolytes, emphasizing the relationship between ion diffusion and the segmental relaxation of polymers and highlighting current challenges in the community. Finally, potential research directions are suggested concerning how external fields, such as mechanical force fields, active matter and self‐propelling particles, affect the particle transport in polymers. This mini‐review offers a general overview of motivations for studying penetrant transports in polymers and diverse mechanisms involved. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Utilisation of nanocellulose from cassava peels in polymer electrolyte membrane fabrication
Authors: Widiarto Sonny , Hadi Sutopo , Ndruru Sun Theo Constan Lotebulo , Pramono Edi , Rochliadi Achmad , Arcana I Made
Published: December 2024

In recent decades, lithium‐ion batteries have become the leading energy storage solution due to their rechargeability, long lifespan, high energy density and lightweight design, although the conventional liquid electrolytes used raise performance and safety concerns, particularly regarding volatility and flammability at high temperatures. This study explores the incorporation of nanocellulose (NC) derived from cassava peels into polymer electrolyte membranes based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). NC serves as a reinforcing agent, enhancing the mechanical properties of the membranes, such as tensile strength, while its natural abundance and biocompatibility offer a sustainable alternative for electrolyte materials. The membranes were prepared via the solution casting method utilising water as the solvent and subsequently characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, XRD, a tensile tester, SEM and TGA/differential thermal analysis/DSC. Incorporating NC into the PEO matrix resulted in enhanced tensile strength and reduced strain at break, while negligibly impacting the ionic conductivity of the membrane. The most effective membrane composition was achieved at a PEO to NC ratio of 80:20, with the optimum ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte being 1.54 × 10−4 S cm−1, a tensile strength of 34.87 MPa and an elongation at break of 65.6%. This research sheds light on the potential of utilising NC from cassava peels to improve the performance and safety of polymer electrolyte membranes for lithium‐ion batteries. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Disruptive Student Behavior and Emotional Exhaustion in Dutch Primary Special Education Teachers: The Mediating Role of Teachers' Competence Beliefs
Authors: van den Brink Femke , Vollmann Manja , Tick Nouchka T.
Published: December 2024

Emotional exhaustion is prevalent among special education teachers (Brunsting et al. 2022). Previous research showed that disruptive student behavior is positively associated with teachers' emotional exhaustion (e.g., Kollerová et al. 2023). However, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The present study investigated teachers' competence beliefs as potential underlying mechanisms in the relationship between disruptive student behavior and teachers' emotional exhaustion, specifically examining the sequential mediating role of (a) teachers' perceived capability to manage disruptive behavior and (b) teachers' perceived efficacy in the key domains of effective teaching (i.e., instructional practices, student engagement, and classroom management). In a cross‐sectional design, 313 Dutch primary special education teachers completed an online survey assessing the relevant variables. The sequential mediation model was tested using path analysis. Results showed an indirect relationship between disruptive student behavior and teachers' emotional exhaustion through teachers' perceived capability to handle disruptive behavior and their perceived efficacy in classroom management consecutively. Additionally, a direct association between disruptive student behavior and teachers' emotional exhaustion was found. Findings suggest that training teachers' knowledge and skills to deal with disruptive student behaviors and strengthening their feelings of competence in handling these behaviors may be helpful in the prevention of emotional exhaustion.
Rh(I) Catalyzed Polymerization of Propargylated Monosaccharides to Electrospinable Helically Chiral Linear Polyacetylenes and Sorption‐Active Porous Polyacetylene Networks
Authors: Vaňková Michaela , Havelková Lucie , Brus Jiří , Kočková Olga , Vyskočilová Eliška , Vagenknechtová Alice , Coufal Radek , Bashta Bogdana , Sedláček Jan
Published: December 2024

We report the Rh(I)‐catalyzed chain‐growth polymerizations of propargylated monosaccharides to form π‐conjugated polyacetylene‐type products with the monosaccharide substituents attached to the polyacetylene backbone via short methylene spacers. The homopolymerization provides helically chiral linear polyacetylenes of M

w
 ~ 20,000 soluble in either water (monosaccharide substituents with free OH groups) or organic solvents (acetylated monosaccharide substituents). The methodology is established for the transformation of prepared chiral polymers into fibers (average diameter ~2.7 μm) taking advantage of the electrospinning technique. Copolymerization of propargylated monosaccharides with 1,3,5‐triethynylbenzene cross‐linker provides hyper‐cross‐linked polyacetylene networks with monosaccharide units content up to 46 wt.%, permanent micro/mesoporosity and S
BET area up to 482 m2 g−1. The monosaccharide substituents of the networks serve as centers active in reversible isothermal adsorption of water vapor from the air. The achieved H2O capture capacity of 200 mg g−1 (298 K, RH = 90%) shows monosaccharides as promising (co)building blocks for the construction of porous materials effective in water harvesting from air.
Exploration of individualized neoadjuvant therapy model for operable esophageal cancer: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database analysis
Authors: Zhou Xingyu , Xue Jiao , Chen Long , Qin Songbin , Zhao Qi
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to examine the individualized neoadjuvant therapies for operable esophageal cancer.

Methods and Materials

Data of 95,444 patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer between 2010 and 2017 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT), and surgery alone was compared in patients with stage II esophageal cancer. Patients with stage III disease were divided into “local invasive type” group (type I, T3N1M0, T4N0‐1M0) and “regional metastatic type” group (type II, T1‐2N2‐3M0) according to the tumor invasion pattern. The effectiveness of nCRT and nCT in different patterns was compared.

Results

In 2,706 patients with stage II disease, a statistical difference was observed in the overall survival (OS) between nCRT (85.1%), nCT (3.0%), and surgery alone (11.9%, P<0.001, median OS (mOS): 54 vs 41 vs 24 months). Meanwhile, 3,303 patients with stage III disease who received nCRT were included in the propensity score matching. A statistical difference was observed in the OS between “Type I” (n = 217) and “Type II” (n = 217, P = 0.023, mOS: 45 VS 28 months). Among 93 patients with stage III receiving nCT, those with “Type II” (23.7%) showed a greater potential benefit from nCT than those with “Type I” (76.3%, P = 0.686, mOS: 51 vs 40 months).

Conclusions

nCRT is recommended for stage II esophageal cancer. In patients with stage III, those with “local invasive type” may greatly benefit from nCRT, while those with “regional metastatic type” may greatly benefit from nCT.
Hybrid Density Functional Theory Study on the Formation Energies of Donor and Acceptor N Impurities in β‐Ga2O3
Authors: Shokri Asiyeh , Melikhov Yevgen , Syryanyy Yevgen , Demchenko Iraida N.
Published: December 2024

Hybrid‐density‐functional‐theory calculations are used to evaluate the structural and electronic properties and formation energies of N‐doped β‐Ga2O3. Altogether, eleven interstitial (Ni) and three substitutional (NOI,II,III) impurity positions are investigated. Since direct evidence of N2 formation following the annealing of Ga2O3 and ZnO matrixes is revealed experimentally earlier, four complexes comprising two N atoms are also considered. It is determined that substitutional nitrogen defects act as deep acceptors, whereas the interstitial defects and N2‐like complexes act as deep donors. Under Ga‐rich growth conditions, substitutional nitrogen defects exhibit lower formation energies, with NOII defects being the most favorable. Under Ga‐poor conditions, interstitial defects are more energetically desirable for a wide Fermi energy range, with Ni9 defect being the most favorable. The formation of the N2‐like considered here at solely interstitial positions is energetically very expensive regardless of growth conditions. Finally, the Ni9–NOI complex is the most desirable one under Ga‐rich conditions. This knowledge can serve as a basis for the development of optimal doping strategies, potentially leading to improved performance in future β‐Ga2O3‐based electronic devices.
Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan‐Tremella fuciformis Polysaccharide Edible Films for Meat Preservation
Authors: Lin Lin , Liu Xu , Shi Ce , Chen Xiaochen , Aziz Tariq , Al‐Asmari Fahad , Mohamed Amal A. , Cui Haiying
Published: December 2024

The objective of this research was to develop and analyse a chitosan‐Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (CS‐TFP) edible film using chitosan (CS) and Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (TFP) as the primary raw materials. The findings revealed significant improvements in the thickness, solubility, opacity, mechanical properties and barrier properties (water vapour and oxygen permeability) of the chitosan film upon the addition of TFP, but water content and hydrophobicity were reduced. Moreover, TFP addition markedly enhanced the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the chitosan films. Structural analysis of the CS films and CS‐TFP edible films indicated that the formation of hydrogen bonds and high compatibility between CS and TFP. Specifically, TFP increased crystallinity, reduced roughness and improved the compactness of the edible film. This increase in compactness was directly linked to enhanced physical properties, whereas increased crystallinity contributed to better thermal stability. Furthermore, the application of CS‐TFP‐3 edible films in chicken preservation proved that they could significantly delay the deterioration of chicken. Findings in this study suggested that CS‐TFP edible film as a bioactive packaging material showed great potential to preserve chicken meat and extend the shelf life.
Exercise pulmonary hypertension in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease: A right heart catheterization study
Authors: Dhayyat Adam , Mykland Hilde Janne , Jervan Øyvind , Rashid Diyar , Gleditsch Jostein , Stavem Knut , Ghanima Waleed , Steine Kjetil
Published: December 2024

Many patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) suffer from exertional dyspnea. It is unclear if CTEPD is associated with exercise pulmonary hypertension (ePH). This cross‐sectional study aimed to determine the occurrence of ePH in patients with CTEPD and to identify the haemodynamic changes during exercise. We recruited 36 patients with persistent dyspnoea and residual perfusion defects by ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy from a large cohort of patients with previous pulmonary embolism. All patients underwent exercise right heart catheterization before being classified into the following groups: (1) CTEPD without ePH; comprising patients with normal mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) of ≤20 mmHg, but with mPAP/cardiac output (CO) slope of ≤3 mmHg/L/min, (2) CTEPD with ePH (CTEPD‐ePH); those with CTEPD with an mPAP/CO slope of >3 mmHg/L/min, (3) chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH); those with mPAP >20 mmHg, pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) ≤ 15 mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance >2 WU. The postcapillary contribution during exercise was considered present if the PAWP/CO slope of >2 mmHg/L/min. CTEPD without resting pulmonary hypertension (PH) was present in 29 (81%) of the 36 patients, of whom six (21%) had ePH, while five (14%) had CTEPH. Two patients had unclassified PH. Two (33%) of the six patients with CTEPD‐ePH had a PAWP/CO slope of >2 mmHg/L/min, compared with two (40%) of the five of those with CTEPH. In conclusion, about 20% of patients with CTEPD and exertional dyspnoea had ePH. Exercise right heart catheterization revealed a notable proportion of patients with postcapillary contribution.
“I Feel Like a Real Chemist Right Now”: Epistemic Affect as a Fundamental Driver of Inquiry in the Chemistry Laboratory
Authors: Agustian Hendra Y. , Gammelgaard Bente , Rangkuti Muhammad Aswin , Niemann Jonas
Published: December 2024

Affect and emotions matter to science learning. They also matter because they are integral to science identity formation and sense of belonging. This study aims to foreground the epistemic and affective character of laboratory work in higher science education by conceptualizing it as epistemic practice, in which students activate their body and mind in discursive processes of proposing, communicating, and evaluating knowledge. On this conceptualization is an emerging construct, “epistemic affect,” which refers to how one feels when engaging with epistemic practices. Several methods were used to provide triangulated evidence for student learning processes and lived experiences in the chemistry laboratory. Students were observed and interviewed using custom protocols based on previously validated works. The empirical materials consist of audio recordings and transcripts of focus group interviews, audio and video recordings of students doing an experiment in analytical chemistry, verbatim transcripts of utterances and non‐verbal cues, as well as instructional artifacts (laboratory manuals, textbooks, and reports). Key findings from the study reveal a range of epistemic emotions experienced by students, including curiosity, frustration, and joy, which are intertwined with their engagement in experimental work and exploration of scientific principles. The study also identifies affective constructs such as confidence, pride, and humility, which contribute to students’ identity development within the context of laboratory‐related epistemic practices. These affective experiences are situated in the embodied nature of laboratory work, where failures and mistakes are common, but also serve as opportunities for learning. The research underscores the importance of recognizing and addressing the affective dimensions of learning in the chemistry laboratory. It suggests that fostering positive epistemic emotions and resolving negative ones can enhance students’ learning experiences and engagement with science. The study calls for a more holistic approach to chemistry education that acknowledges the role of emotion in laboratory‐related epistemic practices.
Dithiolanes and Oxathiolanes Obtained from Cymantrene Derivatives: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Telegina Lyudmila N. , Strelkova Tatyana V. , Ezernitskaya Mariam G. , Alekseev Vladimir G. , Smol'yakov Aleksander F. , Kelbysheva Elena S.
Published: December 2024

Novel cymantrene derivatives containing dithiolane and oxathiolane five‐membered cycles were prepared. Their spectral, optical, and redox properties were investigated by NMR, IR, UV–vis spectroscopy, and CV. Under the conditions of irradiation and subsequent dark reaction, the effect of ligand exchange on physicochemical properties was studied. Photolysis of tricarbonyl complexes leads to the formation of rare, stable four‐membered chelate complexes with Mn─S bond, one of which has been successfully isolated and characterized by X‐ray. However, in the presence of a competitive external ligand (L), the Mn─S bond dissociated, followed by the formation of new dicarbonyl complexes with the Mn─L bond, that shows the hemilabile nature of the Mn─S bond in chelate complexes.
In Situ Grown Li2Te Enhanced Lithium Metal Anode Interfacial Kinetics
Authors: Meng Xiao , Xiao Nan , Gao Chenglin , Zhang Rui , Sun Zongfu , Cheng Yihao , Zhang Ning , Li Wen , Chen Biao , He Chunnian
Published: December 2024

Lithium metal anode (LMA) is expected to be the ideal anode material for future high‐energy‐density batteries, but regulating the complex electrolyte–anode interface remains a challenge. In this work, a stable Li2Te coating is formed on the surface of commercial copper mesh (LTCM) using a simple and quick method to improve lithium metal anode interfacial kinetics. Li2Te possesses a strong affinity for both Li+ and TFSI− anions, which reduces the lithium nucleation barrier and guides the formation of inorganic‐rich SEI, accelerates the diffusion of Li+, and promotes the growth of lithium metal along the plane. The highly conductive Li2Te and Cu generated by in situ lithiation reaction together constitute an effective electron‐conducting network, which synergistically enhances the interfacial kinetics and the cycling stability of LMA. As a result, the LTCM maintains high Coulombic efficiency (98%) even after 2200 cycles at 1 mA cm−2, whereas the symmetric cell has a long cycle life of over 5400 h at 1 mA cm−2. In addition, the full cells with LFP display a high capacity retention ratio (80%) after 480 cycles at 1 C and the corresponding pouch cell can cycle steadily more than 464 cycles at 1 C, which has good application prospects.
Nano‐size Joule‐Heating to Achieve Low‐Ohmic Ag–Si Contact on Boron Emitters of n‐TOPCon Solar Cells
Authors: Zhou Rui , Li Yongsheng , Zhang Zhikun , Tan Wenchang , Chen Ziwei , Lin Yuan , Pan Feng
Published: December 2024

Over the past decade, Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCon) solar cells have emerged as a leading technology for high‐efficiency silicon solar cells. Conventional metallization processes using silver/aluminum (Ag/Al) pastes encounter significant hurdles due to reliability risks and insufficient contact quality. Recent advancements in laser‐induced metallization technologies, particularly laser‐enhanced contact optimization (LECO), offer promising solutions. However, the mechanism of silver‐silicon (Ag–Si) contact formation on the P+ emitter of TOPCon cells via LECO processing remains incompletely understood. This study designs and prepares two types of glass frits (GF‐A and GF‐B) for TOPCon cells and investigates the electrical properties of corresponding devices. Advanced techniques are employed to examine the Ag–Siinterfaces. The results demonstrate that GF‐A‐based TOPCon cells (Cell‐A) outperformed GF‐B‐based cells (Cell‐B) due to the construction of a current‐confined Ag–Si interface. A composite conductive model for the Ag–Si interfaces by LECO treatment is introduced, revealing the nano‐size Joule‐heating to achieve the Ag–Si eutectic structure as the underlying formation mechanism. This work contributes to the understanding of metal‐silicon contact optimization in solar cells and introduces novel methodologies for laser‐induced synthesis and micro‐nano interface engineering.
Tractable Ridge Regression for Paired Comparisons
Authors: Varin Cristiano , Firth David
Published: December 2024

Paired‐comparison models, such as Bradley–Terry and Thurstone–Mosteller, are commonly used to estimate relative strengths of pairwise compared items in tournament‐style data. We discuss estimation of paired‐comparison models with a ridge penalty. A new approach is derived which combines empirical Bayes and composite likelihoods without any need to refit the model, as a convenient alternative to cross‐validation of the ridge tuning parameter. Simulation studies demonstrate much better predictive accuracy of the new approach relative to ordinary maximum likelihood. A widely used alternative, the application of a standard bias‐reducing penalty, is also found to improve appreciably the performance of maximum likelihood; but the ridge penalty, with tuning as developed here, yields greater accuracy still. The methodology is illustrated through application to 28 seasons of English Premier League football.
Grounding Grids Corrosion Evaluation of Electrified Railway Based on Two‐Stage Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Chen Minwu , Zhang Yanyang , Han Jiadong , Cao Yu , Wang Shuai
Published: December 2024

Due to the complex soil environment and continuous traction ground return, the electrified railway grounding grids (ERGG) are easily susceptible to corrosion, which seriously threatens the safe operation of the traction power supply system (TPSS). In this paper, the corrosion evaluation model is presented based on electrical network theory. In order to solve the equations with multi‐variable and high‐dimension characteristics of the model, a two‐stage optimization (TSO) algorithm is proposed. In the first stage, the CPLEX solver (CPLEX optimizer produced by IBM) is adopted to obtain the resistance value of multiple branches, which provides the initial solver and search scope for the next step. In the second stage, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to determine the optimal solution so as to minimize the node potential difference. Finally, a corrosion experimental system is designed and established to verify the effectiveness of the above algorithm. The results show that TSO algorithm can accurately diagnose the corrosion state of grounding conductors and adapt to the various scenarios of ERGG. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Transforming secondary teacher preparation for multilingual learners through translanguaging: Toward an integrated biliteracy and disciplinary learning framework
Authors: Lyon Edward G. , Scott Lyn , Casesa Rhianna , Spurgin Caroline , Maldonado Saúl I.
Published: December 2024

Students designated as English learners and the broader group of multilingual learners continue to face restrictive learning environments in secondary classrooms despite existing research that demonstrates how integrating literacy development with authentic and relevant disciplinary learning benefits multilingual learners and all students. To address this issue, an interdisciplinary team of biliteracy and secondary content method scholars and teacher educators used funding through the U.S. Department of Education's National Professional Development Program to (1) articulate a cohesive framework that integrates biliteracy with disciplinary learning through research‐based instructional practices and (2) explore how English, math, and science secondary content method instructors apply this framework when working with preservice teachers. The researchers connected translanguaging pedagogy, content and language/literacy integrated approaches, and a practice‐based teacher education model to develop the Biliteracy and Content Area Integrated Preparation (BCAIP) Framework. They found that participating content area secondary method instructors made progress toward applying the BCAIP framework by building upon what they already do in support of diverse learners (i.e., foundational pedagogies) as they shifted toward biliteracy‐oriented pedagogy. The authors argue that situating translanguaging in a disciplinary learning context better positions secondary teacher educators to transform how they prepare preservice teachers to serve multilingual learners.
Neurologic symptoms due to cholesteatoma in a cat with lysis of the temporal and occipital bone demonstrated by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Utzmann Miriam , Slunsky Pavel , Bosch Beate , Slunsky Svenja , Mayer Ursula
Published: December 2024

A 7‐year‐old cat was presented with vestibular signs. The cat had a history of a presumed aural polyp that had been removed via ventral bulla osteotomy 4 years prior to presentation, followed by bacterial otitis externa and media that had been treated medically and healed within 8 weeks. At representation, computed‐tomographic imaging and video‐otoscopy showed obstruction of the right tympanic bulla by a heterogeneous mass, severe lysis of the surrounding bones, and pale, friable material within the horizonal external ear canal, extruding from the middle ear. The bacterial culture was negative. Histopathologic examinations supported the diagnosis of cholesteatoma. Due to the rapid progression of the disease, the cat was humanely euthanased 2 months later. Before euthanasia, magnetic resonance imaging documented the worsening of the disease, with an increased size of the expansile lesion and progressive changes in the adjacent structures. Furthermore, additional signs of otitis interna were visible.
A Groundwater Quality Assessment Model for Water Quality Index: Combining Principal Component Analysis, Entropy Weight Method, and Coefficient of Variation Method for Dimensionality Reduction and Weight Optimization, and Its Application.
Authors: Zhang Beibei , Hu Xin , Li Bo , Wu Pan , Cai Xutao , Luo Ye , Deng Xiangzhao , Jiang Mingming
Published: December 2024

Groundwater underpins water supply for most of the world's regions, yet its sustainable utilization has been markedly compromised by inappropriate exploitation and a multitude of pollution sources. Water quality evaluation has emerged as an essential strategy to guarantee the optimized utilization and vigilant conservation of water resources. In this study, principal component analysis (PCA), entropy weight method (EWM), coefficient of variation method (CVM), and Water Quality Index (WQI) were used to construct an integrated WQI groundwater quality assessment model that integrates PCA‐CVM‐EWM for dimensionality reduction and weight optimization. Taking a village in Shandong Province, China, as an example, PCA identified seven evaluation indicators. The CVM‐EWM were coupled to calculate comprehensive weights through the principle of minimum information entropy, followed by a comprehensive assessment of groundwater quality based on WQI values. The results indicated that Class III groundwater predominated in the study area, accounting for 74%, with localized pollution present. The hydrochemical type of the groundwater was primarily SO4·HCO3‐Ca, significantly influenced by human activities. The coefficients of variation for Fe, Mn, and NH4‐N all exceeded 1. Compared to other methods, the optimized WQI model demonstrated superior performance in the selection of evaluative indicators, weight distribution, and comprehensive water quality assessment, showing a distinct advantage for water quality data with numerous hydrochemical indicators and substantial coefficients of variation. The findings provided a scientific reference for diagnosing groundwater quality issues and formulating preventive and control measures.

Practitioner Points

A comprehensive water quality index evaluation model was constructed.

Optimized steps for selecting indicators and assigning weights for the water quality index model.

Selection of evaluation indicators based on indicator correlation analysis.

The variability of hydrochemical data is considered.
Outcomes of a delirium prevention program after major abdominal emergency surgery: An interventional study
Authors: Finne Katrine F. , Thorup Tine , Skovsen Anders Peter G. , Tolstrup Mai‐Britt
Published: December 2024

Background

Postoperative delirium is a common complication after emergency surgery. Delirium is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Clinical approach varies and pharmacological treatment is ineffective. We aimed to investigate if a structured non‐pharmacological multidisciplinary intervention could reduce postoperative delirium.

Methods

An interventional study including all patients aged 65 years or older undergoing major abdominal emergency surgery in an 8 month period. The intervention consisted of improved screening, staff, patient, and family education, ward modifications and nurse‐led daily motor and sensory stimulation.

Data was obtained from medical records. Results were compared to an unmatched historic cohort. Primary outcome was occurrence of delirium, secondary outcomes were mortality, postoperative complications, and length of stay.

Results

312 patients were included, 81 in the study group and 231 in the control group. Delirium occurred in 6.2% of the interventional group compared to 15.2% in the historic cohort (p = 0.038). In a multivariate regression analysis, the rate of delirium was significantly reduced in the interventional group; OR 0.185 95% CI (0.04–0.81), p = 0.026. The 90 day mortality was 14.8% in the interventional group and 8.7% in the historic cohort (p = 0.116). The rate of overall medical complications was significantly lower in the study group (37% vs. 63%, p < 0.001). Median length of stay was 6 days in both groups.

Conclusions

A structured cluster intervention may prevent the occurrence of postoperative delirium. The intervention did not reduce mortality or length of stay, but the need for supplementary nursing staff was eliminated.
Diffusion MRI Data Processing and Analysis: A Practical Guide with ExploreDTI
Authors: Connaughton Michael , Leemans Alexander , O’Hanlon Erik , McGrath Jane
Published: December 2024

This chapter introduces neuroimaging researchers to the concepts and techniques of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data processing. Using the freely available ExploreDTI software, we provide a step-by-step guide for processing multi-shell High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging data and generating tractography based on constrained deconvolution. Brief explanations of the rationale behind each processing step are provided to aid the researcher in understanding the concepts and principles involved. Potential processing pitfalls will be discussed, and tips for troubleshooting common issues will be provided. An additional step-by-step guide for processing DTI data using the open-access AOMIC data set is also provided, demonstrating command-line that can also be applied to process other large neuroimaging datasets.
A Pipeline for Large-Scale Assessments of Dementia EEG Connectivity Across Multicentric Settings
Authors: Sainz-Ballesteros Agustín , Perez Jhony Alejandro Mejía , Moguilner Sebastian , Ibáñez Agustín , Prado Pavel
Published: December 2024

Multicentric initiatives based on high-density electroencephalography (hd-EEG) are urgently needed for the classification and characterization of disease subtypes in diverse and low-resource settings. These initiatives are challenging, with sources of variability arising from differing data acquisition and harmonization methods, multiple preprocessing pipelines, and different theoretical modes and methods to compute source space/scalp functional connectivity. Our team developed a novel pipeline aimed at the harmonization of hd-EEG datasets and dementia classification. This pipeline handles data from recording to machine learning classification based on multi-metric measures of source space connectivity. A user interface is provided for those with limited background in MATLAB. Here, we present our pipeline and provide a detailed a comprehensive step-by-step example for analysts to review the five main stages of the pipeline: data preprocessing, normalization, source transformation, connectivity metrics, and dementia classification. This detailed step-by-step pipeline may improve the assessment of heterogenous, multicentric, and multi-method approaches to functional connectivity in aging and dementia.
Deep Learning Classification Based on Raw MRI Images
Authors: Moguilner Sebastian , Ibañez Agustin
Published: December 2024

In this chapter, we describe a step-by-step implementation of an automated anatomical MRI feature extractor based on artificial intelligence machine learning for classification. We applied the DenseNet—a state-of-the-art convolutional neural network producing more robust results than previous deep learning network architectures—to data from male (n = 400) and female (n = 400), age-, and education- matched healthy adult subjects. Moreover, we illustrate how an occlusion sensitivity analysis provides meaningful insights about the relevant information that the neural network used to make accurate classifications. This addresses the “black-box” limitations inherent in many deep learning implementations. The use of this approach with a specific dataset demonstrates how future implementations can use raw MRI scans to study a range of outcome measures, including neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Getting Started, Getting Data
Authors: Lemaître Hervé , Madan Christopher R. , Quinn Declan , Whelan Robert
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the availability and accessibility of open-access neuroimaging datasets. It describes how to download datasets using command-line tools (e.g., wget, curl), data management tools such as Datalad, Amazon Web Services (i.e., AWS CLI), and graphical user interface options (e.g., CyberDuck). The chapter emphasizes the importance of accessibility and of documentation for improved research reproducibility. After reading this chapter, researchers will be equipped with the knowledge and tools to download large neuroimaging datasets, including those utilized in this book. We also demonstrate how to download data from OpenNeuro for a range of operating systems.
Structural MRI and Computational Anatomy
Authors: Hoffstaedter Felix , Antonopoulos Georgios , Gaser Christian
Published: December 2024

Structural magnetic resonance imaging can yield highly detailed images of the human brain. In order to quantify the variability in shape and size across different brains, methods developed in the field of computational anatomy have proved exceptionally useful. For example, voxel-based morphometry is a popular method that involves segmenting magnetic resonance imaging scans into gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid, and transforming individual brain shapes to a standard template space for comparative analysis. However, computational anatomy—when applied to brain data at scale—can be complex and computationally expensive. Furthermore, there are many possible pipelines that can be applied to structural brain data and for this reason it is important to follow best practices for reproducible neuroimaging analyses. This chapter demonstrates reproducible processing using the CAT12 (Computational Anatomy Toolbox) extension to SPM12 that focuses on voxel- and region-based morphometry. Through worked examples, we demonstrate three approaches to reproducible image analysis: “minimal”, “intermediate”, and a “comprehensive” protocol using the FAIRly big workflow based on DataLad. The comprehensive approach automatically facilitates parallel execution of whole dataset processing using container technology and also produces re-executable run records of each processing step to enable fully automatic reproducibility.
Einleitung
Authors: Scheiding Christian Thomas
Published: December 2024

Der Klimawandel, die Überbeanspruchung der planetaren Grenzen, soziale Gerechtigkeitsaspekte und weitere nachhaltigkeitsbezogene Problemkomplexe führen zu einigen der größten gesamtgesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen der modernen Menschheit (Hauff & Kleine 2009; Meadows et al. 1972; Rockström et al. 2009; United Nations 2015). Aus diesen Herausforderungen und deren Dringlichkeit resultiert ein Zeitalter der Nachhaltigkeit (Swilling 2020) mit Nachhaltiger Entwicklung als normativer Zielperspektive für alle Bereiche des gesellschaftlichen, wirtschaftlichen und politischen Miteinanders (Renn et al. 2007).
Ergebnisse der Untersuchung
Authors: Scheiding Christian Thomas
Published: December 2024

Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Untersuchung lassen sich in insgesamt drei Hauptkategorien einteilen, in denen sie in den folgenden Abschnitten dargestellt werden. Die erste Kategorie gibt einen Überblick über die untersuchten Fälle und stellt diese sowohl in ihren formalen als auch inhaltlichen Charakteristiken dar und synthetisiert sie auf der inhaltlichen Ebene.
Abschließende Reflexionen
Authors: Scheiding Christian Thomas
Published: December 2024

Nachdem die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung in dem vorangegangenen Kapitel detailliert und strukturiert dargestellt wurden, gilt es nun sie abschließend zu reflektieren. Nach einer Reflexion zu methodischen Aspekten und der Güte der vorliegenden Untersuchung werden die Ergebnisse zusammenfassend dargestellt. Daraufhin wird ein Rückbezug zu den gegenstandstheoretischen Konzepten individuellen Entscheidungsverhalten durchgeführt.