bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation and Correlation of Surface Water Vapour Density in Benin, Nigeria
Authors: Iliyasu M. I. , Akpootu D. O. , Momoh M. , Abdullahi Z. , Yusuf A. , Muhammad N. , Sidi S. A. , Aruna S. , Umar M. , Sani M. Y.
Published: October 2023

The present study investigated the monthly average daily mean temperature, relative humidity, surface pressure, cloud cover, and sunshine hours associated with monthly variations in surface water vapour density (SWVD) for the period extending from 1979 to 2016 for Benin (Latitude 6.320N, Longitude 5.100E). The daily variation of SWVD for the dry season (November to March) and rainy season (April to October) for the year 2014 was examined. Statistical indices of coefficient of determination (R2), mean bias error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean percentage error (MPE), Nash-Sutcliffe equation (NSE), and index of agreement (IA) were used to compare and evaluate the generated two variable SWVD-based models. The findings revealed that the level of SWVD varied throughout the investigation period on each day of the month. The SWVD is higher during the wet season than it is during the dry season, based to the monthly average daily values. The average SWVD was found to be at its highest point in the month of August during the rainy season and its lowest point in the month of December during the dry season (21.1448 gm-3).  The greatest amount of SWVD was observed on 23rd May, 2014 with 27.5731gm-3 and the lowest on 26th December, 2014 with 9.6567 gm-3. Pressure and precipitable water vapour are related to each other using a multivariate correlation regression model that was constructed with R2 = 100%, MBE = -0.0204 gm-3, RMSE =  0.0206 gm-3, MPE = 0.1105 %, NSE = 99.9897% and IA = 99.9974% was better appropriate for SWVD estimation with the best fitting and therefore can be used for estimating SWVD in Benin.
Impact of Foliar Feeding of Borax, Zinc Sulphate and Their Intraction on Post Harvest Losses and Economy of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Cv. Gwalior 27
Authors: Yadav Komal , Yadav Shashi S. , Verma Manju , Khambalkar Priyadarshani Arun , Yadav Sunil Kumar , Yadav Shankar Lal , Chopra Suman
Published: October 2023

A field experiment entitled “Effect of foliar application of borax and zinc sulphate on growth, yield and quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Gwalior-27” was carried out at Agrotechnology Park, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, College of Agriculture, Gwalior (M.P.) during 2016-2017. The experiment was consisting of 9 treatments having two levels of each Borax (0.2 per cent and 0.4 per cent)  and Zinc sulphate (0.4 and 0.6 per cent). The experiment was laid out in Factorial randomized block design with three replications. Among different doses of foliar spray of nutrients, Zinc  sulphate @ 0.6 (T5) were found significantly superior over control with respect physiological loss in weight (g) and shelf life of guava. While the minimum spoilage % was recorded with treatment B2Z2 (Borax@ 0.4% + ZnSo4@ 0.6%) at 5th, 10th and 15th day of storage respectively.
Response of High Yielding Variety of Finger Millet to NPK Nutrition in North Central Laterites of Kerala, India
Authors: Menon Syama S. , Ribin Usman T.  , Prameela P.  , Jayasree P.  , Divya Vijayan V.
Published: October 2023

Finger millet is one of the most healthy and nutritious crop grown all over India. A field experiment was conducted to standardize nutrient requirement of HYV of finger millet “Hima” at the Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara, Kerala from October 2021 to February 2022. Randomized block design was followed with 8 treatments replicated thrice. The experiment comprised of eight treatments ie; T1 - Farm Yard Manure @ 5t ha-1 alone and six  N: P2O5: K2O fertiiser doses along with FYM @ 5t/ha T2- NPK 90: 45: 45 kg ha-1 T3- NPK 60: 30: 30 kg ha-1  T4- NPK 50: 25: 25 kg ha-1 T5- NPK 40: 20: 20 kg ha-1 T6- NPK 30: 15: 15 kg ha-1 T7- NPK 20: 10: 10 kg ha-1 compared with an absolute control (without manures & fertilizers) (T8). Net plot size was 19.2m2 [640 plants per plot]. Finger millet was transplanted at a spacing of 30cm x 10cm at 30 DAS. Application of Farm Yard Manure @ 5 t ha-1 along with different N: P2O5: K2O levels resulted in higher plant height, leaf area index, dry matter production, grain yield and crude protein content in finger millet compared to absolute control. At all stages, the plants that received FYM @ 5 t ha-1 along with N: P2O5: K2O levels of 90: 45: 45 kg ha-1, 60: 30: 30 kg ha-1 and 50: 25: 25 kg ha-1 registered statistically comparable plant height and were superior compared to other levels of N P K. The plants which got the highest fertilizer dose (90:45:45 kg ha-1 N: P2O5: K2O) had the highest LAI (2.91), dry matter production (3874kg/ha) and grain yield (1523 kg ha-1) which was superior to all other N: P2O5: K2O levels and absolute control. The highest B: C ratio (1.43), grain and straw yield in finger millet was recorded with application of Farm Yard Manure @ 5t ha-1 + 90:45:45 kg N: P2O5: K2O ha-1 applied in two splits (at basal and 30 DAT) under north central laterites of Kerala.
Influence of Compost and Farmyard Manure on Cassava Growth, Yield and Dry Matter Partitioning at Mvomero and Masasi Districts
Authors: Constantine John , Sibuga Kallunde P. , Hilbeck Angelika , Shitindi Mawazo J.
Published: October 2023

Aims: Field experiments were conducted for two seasons: 2019/20 and 2020/21 under rain fed cropping seasons to determine yield response of cassava to compost (CP) and farmyard manure (FYM) application.

Study Design: The experiments were laid out in a RCBD with three replications.

Place and Duration of Study: Vianzi village in Mvomero district and Mumbaka village in Masasi district between December 2019 to November 2021.

Methodology: At each site, Treatments involving CP and FYM tested separately at four different levels; 2.5 t ha-1, 5 t ha-1, 7.5 t ha-1 and a control (0 t ha-1) was included. Both CP and FYM treatment rates were applied by broadcasting method followed by incorporation into the soil prior to cassava planting.  Data on cassava plant height and cassava stem girth were collected for assessment of cassava growth and data on number of tubers per plant, cassava root fresh and dry biomass were recorded for assessment of cassava yield.

Results: At Mvomero site, a maximum significant (P=.01) cassava fresh weight  (19.18 t ha-1) were obtained from the plots treated with 5 t ha-1 FYM  giving yield advantage of 67.5% above the control in 2020/21. In the CP treated plots, a maximum significant (P =.001) yield (22.2 t ha-1) was obtained giving 69% yield advantage above the control in 2020/21. At Masasi site, a maximum of 24.3 t ha-1 cassava fresh weight were obtained in 2020/21 giving 77.7% yield advantage over the control.  In the CP treated plots in 2020/21, 18.7 t ha-1 cassava fresh weight was obtained giving 34.6% yield advantage over control.

Conclusion: Application of CP and FYM not only improve cassava yields as it is for inorganic fertilizers but also, they have an added advantage of improving soil health conditions in season and over years. For best results application of CP or FYM should be 5.0 t ha-1.
MALABARISMO E RESSIGNIFICAÇÃO DOS ESPAÇOS PÚBLICOS
Authors: Anjos Patrícia Daniela Souza dos , Teodósio Armindo dos Santos de Sousa , Castro Rafael Rodrigues , Caeiro Mariana de Lima
Published: October 2023

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em analisar o papel do malabarismo de rua como trabalho informal e prática cultural na ressignificação dos espaços na cidade. Para isso, foram discutidas algumas considerações sobre o trabalho informal praticado nas ruas, principalmente, por atores que se concentram em regiões centrais e movimentadas da cidade e acabam sendo taxados como criminosos, marginais, vagabundos e transgressores da ordem pública por venderem seus produtos ou serviços nas ruas, calçadas e semáforos. Foi feita também uma conexão entre o trabalho informal dos malabaristas de semáforo com a exclusão social, bem como uma reflexão sobre tal prática como atividade do campo cultural. Utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa através de um estudo exploratório-descritivo cujos dados foram obtidos por meio de registro fotográfico e entrevista não estruturada junto a dois malabaristas que atuam na Região Centro Sul de Belo Horizonte. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que há um processo contínuo de resistência e ressignificação dos espaços da cidade pelos malabaristas que exibem seu trabalho nas faixas de pedestres localizadas abaixo dos semáforos. Além disso, foi identificado que os malabares eram executados não mais para a exibição das artes circenses pelos atores como atributo cultural, mas sim como prática estratégica que visa garantir a sobrevivência em contextos urbanos.
O USO DO APLICATIVO MUDAMOS+ COMO FERRAMENTA DE APOIO NA APRENDIZAGEM DA GESTÃO SOCIAL
Authors: Serpa Samanda Araújo , Cançado Airton Cardoso
Published: October 2023

Este estudo trata-se de um relatório técnico acerca de uma atividade avaliativa na disciplina Gestão Social, desenvolvida por meio do aplicativo ‘Mudamos mais’, utilizado como ferramenta interativa no ensino. O ‘Mudamos mais’ é uma plataforma de mobilização social em que a sociedade brasileira é convidada a refletir sobre as necessidades locais, regionais e nacional, de modo que as demandas acerca das diversas realidades existentes sejam levantadas, questionadas e direcionadas as Casas Legislativas. O objetivo deste texto é analisar a percepção dos acadêmicos do curso de administração da Universidade Federal do Tocantins – UFT. Pretende-se apresentar os relatos de experiências e aprendizagem dos alunos baseadas no uso do aplicativo e, paralelamente, discutir a percepção extraída desses extratos. Para além da experiência, classificada por muitos acadêmicos como boa, a análise dos relatórios nos permitiu identificar que a proposta despertou o interesse dos acadêmicos e contribuiu para o aprendizado relacionado aos conceitos fundantes da Gestão Social, em especial, as noções de social e público. O desenvolvimento de uma consciência interpretativa do jogo levantou o caráter democrático e a participação social inerentes a utilização do aplicativo ‘Mudamos mais’ junto a sociedade, o que indicou uma possibilidade de reflexão dos contextos diversos e o papel dos indivíduos.
Discarding Information
Authors: Callahan Katharine P.
Published: October 2023

In this narrative essay, a neonatologist describes the importance of giving patients the respect and space to decide the value of medical information themselves.
State-Level Variation in Medicaid Managed Care Enrollment and Specialty Care for Publicly Insured Children
Authors: Hu Ju-Chen , Cummings Janet R. , Ji Xu , Wilk Adam S.
Published: October 2023

Importance

Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program cover almost 50% of children with special health care needs (CSHCN). CSHCN often require specialty services and have been increasingly enrolled in Medicaid managed care (MMC) plans, but there is a dearth of recent national studies on specialty care access among publicly insured children and particularly CSHCN.

Objective

To provide recent, nationwide evidence on the association of MMC penetration with specialty care access among publicly insured children, with a special focus on CSHCN.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used nationally representative data from the 2016 to 2019 National Survey of Children’s Health to identify publicly insured children in 41 states that administered comprehensive managed care organizations for Medicaid. Data analysis was performed from May 2022 to March 2023.

Exposure

Form CMS-416 data were used to measure state-year level share of Medicaid-enrolled children who were covered by MMC (ie, MMC penetration).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Measures of specialty care access included whether, in the past year, the child had (1) any visit to non–mental health (MH) specialists, (2) any visit to MH professionals, and (3) any unmet health care needs and (4) whether the caregiver ever felt frustrated getting services for their child. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association of MMC penetration with specialty care access among all publicly insured children, and separately for CSHCN and non-CSHCN.

Results

Among 20 029 publicly insured children, 7164 (35.8%) were CSHCN, 9537 (48.2%) were female, 4110 (37.2%) were caregiver-reported Hispanic, and 2812 (21.4%) were caregiver-reported non-Hispanic Black (all percentages are weighted). MMC was not associated with significant changes in any visit to non-MH specialists and unmet health care needs. In addition, MMC penetration was positively associated with caregiver frustration among all children (adjusted odds ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03-1.48; P = .02) and was negatively associated with any visit to MH professionals among CSHCN (adjusted odds ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.58-0.98; P = .04).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study evaluating MMC and specialty care access for publicly insured children, increased MMC enrollment was not associated with improved specialty care access for publicly insured children, including CSHCN. MMC was associated with less access to specialties like MH and increased frustrations among caregivers seeking services for their children.
Investigation on Various Ceramic Nanoparticles Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites via Accumulative Roll Bonding and Cryorolling
Authors: Farid Waqas , Wang Zhengyu , Cui Huijie , Kong Charlie , Yu Hailiang
Published: October 2023

Accumulative roll bonding (ARB) and cryorolling (CR) processes are used to fabricate three kinds of composites of AA1050 reinforced with SiCp and TiCp, to become the Al‐SiCp, Al‐TiCp, and Al‐SiCp‐TiCp composites. The effects of reinforced particles and different passes of ARB and CR on mechanical properties, microstructure, and particle distribution are studied. The microstructure shows the uniform distribution of particulates, decreased porosity, and excellent bonding between particle and matrix as the rolling cycles increased. Mechanical properties of the ARBed and cryorolled sheets are examined, and samples are compared with matrix alloy and composites. The findings demonstrate that the Al‐SiCp, Al‐TiCp, and Al‐SiCp‐TiCp composites improve the elastic modulus, yield strength, and hardness. After comparing the results of composites, the best combination of hardness, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, toughness, and young modulus base composite has been chosen. Al‐TiCp and Al‐SiCp composites demonstrate ductile fracture behavior, as observed through SEM testing, while Al‐SiCp‐TiCp composite sample exhibits a bimodal fracture. This composite should aid in the creation of lightweight composites for use in aeronautical applications.
Topology Optimization of Lattice Support Structure for Cantilever Beams Fabricated Via Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Hu Jiazheng , Molavi‐Zarandi Marjan , Pasini Damiano
Published: October 2023

Herein, a numerical scheme is presented to design, optimize, generate, and manufacture a lattice support structure that reduces thermal‐induced distortion in metallic components 3D printed by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The inherent strain method is implemented in the framework to fast predict the part distortion during an LPBF build, and asymptotic homogenization is used to determine the effective properties of the lattice support with a triply periodic minimum surface topology. The framework is tested on a practical case study that involves the design of the optimized gradient of a lattice that supports a cantilever beam and compares the results with benchmark designs, a lattice support structure with uniform relative density and a fully solid support. The optimized support can reduce the distortion pattern throughout the entire cantilever beam and reduces the beam tip distortion of 69% and 58% in comparison to the uniform lattice and fully solid support. To demonstrate the viability of the design workflow here presented, a proof‐of‐concept lattice support is manufactured out SS316 stainless steel via LPBF.
Prediction of Macroscopic Deformation Bands in Porous Metals with Unidirectional Through‐Pores
Authors: Sawada Mahiro , Suzuki Shinsuke
Published: October 2023

The formation of macroscopic deformation bands constitutes undesired stress fluctuations in the compression of porous metals. This research is aimed at revealing the predictability of the formation of deformation bands in porous metals with unidirectional through‐pores. Finite element analyses of compression tests of such porous metals are conducted with the commercial code Abaqus/Standard and Explicit 2018. Three cubic specimens with different L/d (specimen edge length L, pore diameter d) but with the almost same porosity are prepared, and quasi‐static compression is simulated. The results suggest that the formation of horizontally propagated deformation bands is suppressed as L/d increases. A path search is performed to predict the location of deformation bands on a graph that represents equivalent plastic strain (PEEQ) distribution in the specimens. It is revealed that horizontally propagated deformation bands at compressive strain e = 10.0 pct can be predicted as the path with the largest mean of PEEQ at e = 1.0 pct when the following two conditions are met; the minimum PEEQ in the path has to be larger than zero, and the standard deviation of the PEEQ mean in candidate paths has to be sufficiently large.
Design of High‐Entropy Tape Electrolytes for Compression‐Free Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: He Xuewei , Zhu Zhiwei , Wen Guojiang , Lv Shanshan , Yang Sifan , Hu Ting , Cao Zheng , Ji Yuan , Fu Xuewei , Yang Wei , Wang Yu
Published: October 2023

Advanced solid electrolytes with strong adhesion to other components are the key for the successes of solid‐state batteries. Unfortunately, traditional solid electrolytes have to work under high compression to maintain the contact inside owing to their poor adhesion. Here, a concept of high‐entropy tape electrolyte (HETE) is proposed to simultaneously achieve tape‐like adhesion, liquid‐like ion conduction, and separator‐like mechanical properties. This HETE is designed with adhesive skin layer on both sides and robust skeleton layer in the middle. The significant properties of the three layers are enabled by high‐entropy microstructures which are realized by harnessing polymer–ion interactions. As a result, the HETE shows high ionic conductivity (3.50 ± 0.53 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature), good mechanical properties (toughness 11.28 ± 1.12 MJ m−3, strength 8.18 ± 0.28 MPa), and importantly, tape‐like adhesion (interfacial toughness 231.6 ± 9.6 J m−2). Moreover, a compression‐free solid‐state tape battery is finally demonstrated by adhesion‐based assembling, which shows good interfacial and electrochemical stability even under harsh mechanical conditions, such as twisting and bending. The concept of HETE and compression‐free solid‐state tape batteries may bring promising solutions and inspiration to conquer the interface challenges in solid‐state batteries and their manufacturing.
Sphere‐Confined Reversible Zn Deposition for Stable Alkaline Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Wang Yuxuan , Gao Yong , He Junyuan , Yang Jiayu , Fu Gangwen , Cao Qinghe , Pu Jie , Bu Fan , Xu Xi , Guan Cao
Published: October 2023

The practical applications of alkaline zinc‐based batteries are challenged by poor rechargeability with an insufficient zinc utilization ratio. Herein, a sphere‐confined reversible zinc deposition behavior from a free‐standing Zn anode is reported, which is composed of bi‐continuous ZnO‐protected interconnected and hollowed Zn microspheres by the Kirkendall effect. The cross‐linked Zn network with in situ formed outer ZnO shell and inner hollow space not only inhibits side reactions but also ensures long‐range conductivity and accommodates shape change, which induces preferential reversible zinc dissolution‐deposition process in the inner space and maintains structural integrity even under high zinc utilization ratio. As a result, the Zn electrode can be stably cycled for 390 h at a high current density of 20 mA cm−2 (60% depth of discharge), outperforming previously reported alkaline Zn anodes. A stable zinc‐nickel oxide hydroxide battery with a high cumulative capacity of 8532 mAh cm−2 at 60% depth of discharge is also demonstrated.
Data‐Driven Fine Element Tuning of Halide Double Perovskite for Enhanced Photoluminescence
Authors: Wu Lingjun , Chen Zijian , Yuan Zhongcheng , Wu Bobin , Liu Shaohui , Wang Zixuan , Mailoa Jonathan P. , Duan Chenru , Huang Hao , Hsieh Chang‐Yu , Yu Xue‐Feng , Zhao Haitao
Published: October 2023

Element tuning of targeted materials and obtaining the optimal synthesis recipe are major goals for many material scientists. However, this is often limited by conventional trial‐and‐error procedures, which are time‐consuming and labor‐intensive. In this work, fine element tuning of halide double perovskite Cs2NaxAg1‐xInyBi1‐yCl6 is conducted by performing a data‐driven investigation combining high‐throughput experiments with machine learning (ML). A positive correlation between the more accessible R value in emission RGB values (the intensities of the red/green/blue primary colors) and photoluminescence intensity is revealed, and over a thousand R values of the Cs2NaxAg1‐xInyBi1‐yCl6 crystals synthesized with different additives and element compositions are collected. More importantly, the volume ratios of Na+/Ag+ (VNa: VAg) and Bi3+/In3+ (VBi: VIn) with the corresponding R values are correlated through ML, and the synergistic regulation of the two ion pairs is revealed. A possible correlation between R and XRD is also proposed. Finally, different emission intensities of LED beads coated with Cs2NaxAg1‐xInyBi1‐yCl6 synthesized using parameters obtained from ML are demonstrated, and an emission enhancement of ≈50 times is observed between the brightest and dimmest LEDs. This work illustrates that data‐driven investigation helps guide material synthesis and will significantly reduce the workload for developing novel materials, especially for complex compositions.
Mosaic Se/InSe Heterojunction for Self‐Powered Bipolar Photodetection
Authors: Wang Yunxia , Zhang Aoqi , Liu Jiaming , Zhou Junxin , Shao Zhitao , Hu PingAn , Feng Wei
Published: October 2023

Broadband, sensitive, and spectrally distinctive photodetectors show great applications in multifunction optoelectronic devices, which usually integrate multiple photodetectors for distinguishing different spectra. Recently, UV‐induced photocurrent polarity‐switching in individual photoelectrochemical photodetectors (PEC PDs) has been demonstrated by tuning the interfacial physical/chemical processes. However, broadband and spectrally distinctive PEC PDs are still scarce. Here, mosaic t‐Se/InSe heterojunctions are used for designing broadband and spectrally distinctive PEC PDs. Mosaic t‐Se/InSe photoelectrodes are fabricated by one‐step electrochemical deposition with annealing treatment. t‐Se/InSe self‐powered PEC PDs show a broadband photoresponse from UV to near‐infrared (NIR). The photocurrent is negative for UV‐visible spectra and turns positive under NIR irradiation. The light‐induced photocurrent polarity‐switching originates from the competition of different redox reactions at the t‐Se/InSe photoelectrode/electrolyte interface. The responsivity is −22.5, −10.93, −4.18, and 2.48 mA W−1 for 365, 525, 630, and 850 nm light, respectively, exceeding most spectrally distinctive solid‐state PDs. The boosted photoresponse of t‐Se/InSe is attributed to the synergistic effect of stronger light absorption, faster carrier transport, and accelerated interfacial charge transfer. Moreover, the devices show great potential for applications in encrypted optical communications. This work provides a way for designing broadband and spectrally distinctive PEC PDs and demonstrates their potential applications.
Biodegradable Polymer‐Metal‐Organic Framework (MOF) Composites for Controlled and Sustainable Pesticide Delivery
Authors: Reis Roberta A. dos , Mahmoud Lila A. M. , Ivanovska Evdokiya H. , Telford Richard , Addicoat Matthew A. , Terry Lui R. , Ting Valeska P. , Nayak Sanjit
Published: October 2023

Due to high surface area, loading capacity, and selectivity, Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have shown much promise recently for potential applications in extraction and delivery of agrochemicals for environmental remediation and sustainable release, respectively. However, application of MOFs for pesticide delivery in wider agricultural context can be restricted by their granular form. Herein, an alternative approach is studied using biodegradable polymer‐MOF composites to address this limitation. The loading and release of a widely used pesticide, 2,4‐dichloropheoxycetic acid (2,4‐D), is studied using two MOFs, UiO‐66 and UiO‐66‐NH2, and the 2,4‐D‐loaded MOFs are incorporated into biodegradable polycaprolactone composites for convenient handling and minimizing runoff. The MOFs are loaded by in‐situ, and post‐synthetic methods, and characterised thoroughly to ensure successful synthesis and loading of 2,4‐D. The pesticide release studies are performed on the MOFs and composites in distilled water, and analysed using UV‐Vis spectroscopy, demonstrating sustained‐release of 2,4‐D over 16 days. The loaded MOF samples show high loading capacity, with up to 45 wt% for the in‐situ loaded UiO‐66. Release kinetics show more sustained release of 2,4‐D from UiO‐66‐NH2 compared to UiO‐66, which can be due to supramolecular interactions between the NH2 group of UiO‐66‐NH2 and 2,4‐D. This is further supported by computational studies.
Electrochemical Conversion of Confined 1D Sulfur Chains in Li–S Battery
Authors: He Qianqian , Jin Chunqiao , Jiang Kai , Zhai Pengbo , Tang Jianli , Huo Liuxiang , Qiu Lingxi , Li Shubing , Wei Juntian , Dong Hongliang , Hu Zhigao , Gong Yongji
Published: October 2023

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are prospective as one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage systems owing to high energy density and cost‐effectiveness. Compared with normal bulk sulfur, the electrochemistry behaviors of sulfur chains inside single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have rarely been investigated. Herein, one type of 1D sulfur chain encapsulated in SWCNTs (S@SWCNTs) is designed as the cathode for Li–S batteries. Experimental studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the suppressed shuttle effect and the accelerated sulfur reduction kinetics in S@SWCNTs cathodes, benefiting from the spatial confinement effect of SWCNTs. The S@SWCNTs electrode possesses an excellent rate performance and highly reversible discharge capacity of 1123 mAh g−1 at 1 C with 0.07% capacity fade rate per cycle over 500 cycles. Moreover, the S@SWCNTs as the self‐supporting cathodes can still exhibit capacity retention of 94% after 100 cycles with a high sulfur loading of 5.84 mg cm−2 and low E/S (electrolyte/sulfur) ratio of 4.3 µL mg−1, promising for high energy‐density full batteries. This work helps the understanding of sulfur chain redox reaction and electrochemistry behaviors inside SWCNTs and provides a path‐breaking vision to develop the cathodes of Li–S batteries.
DNA Methylation Age Acceleration as a Potential Biomarker for Early Onset of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder
Authors: Senkevich Konstantin , Pelletier Amélie , Sato Christine , Liu Lang , Keil Allison , Gan‐Or Ziv , Lang Anthony E. , Postuma Ronald B. , Rogaeva Ekaterina
Published: October 2023

Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is the strongest prodromal marker for α‐synucleinopathies. The Horvath DNA methylation age (DNAm‐age) is an epigenetic clock reflecting biological aging. We found an association of DNAm‐age acceleration with RBD age at onset at baseline (N = 162, B = −0.68, standard error [SE] = 0.12, p = 2.59e‐08) and follow‐up (n = 45, B = −1.07, SE = 0.21, p = 9.73e‐06). The result remained similar after accounting for genetic risk factors (eg, RBD polygenic risk score). On average, RBD patients with faster versus slow/normal epigenetic aging had a 5.2‐year earlier phenoconversion, and the Cox regression analysis revealed a trend toward significance (n = 53, hazard ratio = 1.05, 95% confidence interval = 0.99–1.11, p = 0.06). Our findings suggest that DNAm‐age acceleration is a potential biomarker for earlier RBD onset. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:190–194
Improving Low‐temperature Performance and Stability of Na2Ti6O13 Anodes by the Ti−O Spring Effect through Nb‐doping
Authors: Hu ChangYan , Li Ying , Wang Dong , Wu Chunjin , Chen Feng , Zhang Linghong , Wan Fang , Hua Weibo , Sun Yan , Zhong Benhe , Wu Zhenguo , Guo Xiaodong
Published: October 2023

Na2Ti6O13 (NTO) with high safety has been regarded as a promising anode candidate for sodium‐ion batteries. In the present study, integrated modification of migration channels broadening, charge density re‐distribution, and oxygen vacancies regulation are realized in case of Nb‐doping and have obtained significantly enhanced cycling performance with 92 % reversible capacity retained after 3000 cycles at 3000 mA g−1. Moreover, unexpected low‐temperature performance with a high discharge capacity of 143 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 under −15 °C is also achieved in the full cell. Theoretical investigation suggests that Nb preferentially replaces Ti3 sites, which effectively improves structural stability and lowers the diffusion energy barrier. What's more important, both the in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and in situ Raman furtherly confirm the robust spring effect of the Ti−O bond, making special charge compensation mechanism and respective regulation strategy to conquer the sluggish transport kinetics and low conductivity, which plays a key role in promoting electrochemical performance.
Ferroelectric Polarization Modulated Facet‐selective Charge Separation in Bi4NbO8Cl Single Crystal for Boosting Visible‐light Driven Bifunctional Water Splitting
Authors: Hu Cheng , Chen Fang , Huang Hongwei
Published: October 2023

Developing bifunctional water‐splitting photocatalysts is meaningful, but challenged by the harsh requirements of specific‐facet single crystals with spatially separated reactive sites and anisotropic charge transfer paths contributed by well‐built charge driving force. Herein, tunable ferroelectric polarization is introduced in Bi4NbO8Cl single crystal nanosheets to strengthen the orthogonal charge transfer channels. By manipulating the in‐plane polarization from octahedral off‐centering of Nb5+ and out‐of‐plane polarization from lone pair electron effect of anisotropic Bi3+, both the fast charge recombination in bulk catalyst and the process of charge trapping into surface states can be effectively modulated. Collaborating with modest polarization electric field and facet junction induced built‐in electric field, cooperative charge tractive force is constructed, which reinforces the spatial separation and migration of photogenerated electrons and holes to {110} reductive site facet and {001} oxidation site facet, respectively. While excessive polarization charges impair the facet‐selective charge separation characteristics and conversely promote charge recombination on the surface. As a result, polarity‐optimized Bi4NbO8Cl shows an excellent H2 and O2 evolution rate of 54.21 and 36.08 μmol ⋅ h−1 in the presence of sacrificial reagents under visible light irradiation. This work unveils the function of ferroelectric polarization in tuning the intrinsic facet‐selective charge transfer process of photocatalysts.
An efficient catalytic reduction of nitroarenes over metal‐organic framework‐derived magnetic graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet
Authors: Malmir Masoume , Heravi Majid M. , Jahani Ghazaleh
Published: October 2023

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as highly viable and environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional catalysts within the catalytic family. This project delves into the investigation and subsequent reporting of the remarkable catalytic performance exhibited by magnetic Ox‐CN‐Cu‐MOF in the reduction of nitroarenes. The synthesis of magnetic Ox‐CN‐Cu‐MOF was achieved through a streamlined and intricate process, with its structure meticulously identified via various analytical methods including high‐resolution transmision electron microscopy (HRTEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), vibrating‐sample magnetometry (VSM) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Of particular significance, the loading of copper (Cu) and its potential leaching were effectively detected through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) analysis. The catalytic efficacy of magnetic Ox‐CN‐Cu‐MOF was evaluated during the conversion of nitro compounds o related‐amines utilizing NaBH4 as the reductant. Remarkably, the unique structure and Lewis acidic properties of copper in the metal nodes contributed to the exceptional catalytic behavior exhibited by the magnetic Ox‐CN‐Cu‐MOF catalyst, surpassing that of previously reported catalysts. Furthermore, magnetic Ox‐CN‐Cu‐MOF demonstrated exceptional recyclability, as validated through repetitive continuous usage.
A numerical investigation of cross‐diffusion on magnetohydrodynamic Cu‐Al2O3/H2O hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet with chemical reaction
Authors: Venkateswarlu Bhumarapu , Chavan Santosh , Narayana Panyam Venkata Satya , Joo Sang Woo
Published: October 2023

Hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) are a promising type of nanofluid (NF) that combines two different nanoparticles to enhance their thermal and mechanical properties. They have gained significant attention in various engineering and scientific applications. This research focuses on studying the temperature‐dependent viscosity of a magnetohydrodynamic copper‐alumina‐water‐based HNF with thermal radiation, diffusions, and chemical reaction on a stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium. To achieve this, we transform the partial differential equations (PDEs) governing the system into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using systematic similarity transformations. The resulting ODEs are solved using the shooting mechanism in combination with the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg methodology. The results for the impact of the nanoparticle reactions on thermal, concentration, and velocity profiles, surface drag force, as well as mass and heat transfer rates are presented through graphs and tables. The key findings of this study demonstrate that the HNF accelerates velocity by 6.62%, but the magnetic field weakens it by 9.26%. Chemical reaction and Schmidt number affect nanoparticle concentration inversely. Radiation and heat source parameters increase the temperature by 14.89%, but the Prandtl number decreases it by 2.2%. Moreover, the Cu‐Al2O3/H2O HNF exhibits better thermal efficiency by 17.75% compared with the copper‐water NF. This research holds potential for applications in heat transduction, energy production, biomedical research, the manufacturing sector, aerospace technology, and more.
The facile and effective approach for fabricating polyurethane gradient materials with significant damping properties
Authors: Wang Fangling , Zhu Yuewang , Wang Liuye , Ren Kai , Li Juan , Wang Chengzhong , Jiang Shengling
Published: October 2023

Polyurethane is the main matrix material of polymer damping materials, but the damping temperature range is narrow, the effective damping temperature range does not match the working temperature of the material, and the elastic modulus is sensitive to temperature during glass transition, which is not conducive to safe use in a wide temperature range. In this paper, the polyurethane gradient material with the hard segment content continuously changing along the length direction was designed and prepared by the reaction injection method. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) shows that the gradient structure greatly influences the comprehensive damping performance of polyurethane. While maintaining no significant decrease in mechanical properties, the gradient material extends the effective damping temperature range (TR) from 40.7°C (−32.3 ~ 8.4°C) for component A and 66.6°C (59.5 ~ 126.1°C) for component B to 139.5°C (−20.6 ~ 118.9°C). At the same time, the damping peak remains high (0.48), which is close to the higher damping peak of the B component of 0.56. The elastic modulus (E′) decreases slowly with the increase in temperature, which can better ensure the safety of the material.
X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and tunable photoluminescence study of gold nanoparticles embedded in PVA films
Authors: Gautam Anurag , Singh Ram Sevak , Gautam Prabhat , Hussain Syed Modassir , Reddy Vustikayala Sivakumar
Published: October 2023

This article reports the systematic photoluminescence study of the various contents of gold nanocomposites in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films. The variations in the gold content in PVA film were 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt%. All the samples were excited at two selected wavelengths; those are at 400 nm and 532 nm. On exciting the gold‐PVA nanocomposite films at 400 nm the photoluminescence was observed in the region of 430–500 nm in comparison to pure PVA films that show an emission at 400 nm. However, on exciting the gold‐PVA nanocomposites at 532 nm, the emission was observed at 560–650 nm with a long tail till 700 nm that is unlike the pure PVA films that do not show any emission peak in this region. This suggests that emission between 430 and 500 nm regions is due to the coordination of PVA with gold nanoparticles because PVA has an emission at 400 nm. However, the emission peak between 560 and 650 nm is entirely due to the gold nanocomposite particle. The peak also shows a smaller red‐shift that is usually with the increasing nanoparticles size with the increasing content in the PVA films. The formation of gold nanoparticles was justified by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis which is further supported by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis.
Uncertainty quantification for gene delivery methods: A roadmap for pDNA manufacturing from phase I clinical trials to commercialization
Authors: Triantafyllou Niki , Sarkis Miriam , Krassakopoulou Aikaterina , Shah Nilay , Papathanasiou Maria M. , Kontoravdi Cleo
Published: October 2023

The fast‐growing interest in cell and gene therapy (C>) products has led to a growing demand for the production of plasmid DNA (pDNA) and viral vectors for clinical and commercial use. Manufacturers, regulators, and suppliers need to develop strategies for establishing robust and agile supply chains in the otherwise empirical field of C>. A model‐based methodology that has great potential to support the wider adoption of C> is presented, by ensuring efficient timelines, scalability, and cost‐effectiveness in the production of key raw materials. Specifically, key process and economic parameters are identified for (1) the production of pDNA for the forward‐looking scenario of non‐viral‐based Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapies from clinical (200 doses) to commercial (40,000 doses) scale and (2) the commercial (40,000 doses) production of pDNA and lentiviral vectors for the current state‐of‐the‐art viral vector‐based CAR T‐cell therapies. By applying a systematic global sensitivity analysis, we quantify uncertainty in the manufacturing process and apportion it to key process and economic parameters, highlighting cost drivers and limitations that steer decision‐making. The results underline the cost‐efficiency and operational flexibility of non‐viral‐based therapies in the overall C> supply chain, as well as the importance of economies‐of‐scale in the production of pDNA.
Preterm management of sickle cell crisis in a twin pregnancy with suboptimal antenatal care in a primary healthcare facility: A case report from Cameroon and literature review
Authors: Tih William Ntchompbopughu , Takang William Ako , Egbe Thomas Obinchemti
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

Twin pregnancies in homozygous sickle cell patients are not only uncommon in our setting but are most often associated with adverse maternal–fetal outcomes especially in primary healthcare facilities where most of these cases initially present due to financial constraints, though lacking the necessary technical platform (including blood banks) to properly manage them.

We are reporting the case of the preterm management of sickle cell crises in a twin pregnancy with poor antenatal care uptake in a primary healthcare facility devoid of a blood bank in Cameroon. Ngungi Fely, a 21‐year‐old HbSS patient, of the Bakweri tribe G3P0020, blood group O rhesus positive, was admitted at our health facility at 33 3/7 weeks' gestation with twin pregnancy, clinical anemia (hemoglobin 3.3 g/dL), the pulse rate of 123 beats/min, the respiratory rate of 38 breaths per min, the temperature of 39.2°C, and altered state of consciousness. She has a history of two spontaneous abortions (16 and 18 weeks’ gestation) and has attended three antenatal care (ANC) visits (18, 24, and 28 weeks’ gestation) for the index pregnancy. She underwent cesarean delivery of two live‐born babies at 35 4/7 weeks' gestation and received 9 units of compatible blood (before, during, and after the cesarean) partly with the help of the “Blood Track Program” (which uses text messages to seek blood donors). The babies were referred to a secondary healthcare facility and the mother and babies' outcomes were uneventful. Sickle cell disease (SCD) in pregnancy is difficult to manage in primary care settings in Cameroon because of a poor technical platform. A multidisciplinary approach to the management of SCD in pregnancy is the mainstay in secondary and tertiary healthcare centers. The “Blood Track Program” is a good initiative that should be extended nationwide in Cameroon to reduce the burden of acquiring blood for transfusion, particularly in primary care centers devoid of blood banks.
Schistosomus reflexus dystocia in a crossbred dairy cow
Authors: Munif Mohammad Raguib , Bhuiyan Mohammad Musharraf Uddin , Safawat Mst. Sanjida , Rahman Md. Sabuj
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

Schistosomus reflexus (SR), an unusual congenital defect in calves, can be diagnosed grossly by exposed viscera and curved spine with hindquarters twisted up toward the head. SR is typically associated with dystocia and fetal deaths in cows. Hence, cattle breeding programs must be aware of these anomalies to avoid losses from abnormal, non‐viable calves.

Schistosomus reflexus (SR) is a rare and fatal congenital malformation in bovines from autosomal recessive disorders. We report a typical case of SR in a non‐viable calf after the cesarean section of a crossbred Friesian cow. It was characterized by the inversion of the spinal column and a pronounced ventral curvature causing the cranium to be positioned near the sacrum and tail, along with exposed thoracic and abdominal viscera, limb ankylosis, and tongue protrusion. The postoperative management of the cow, along with the outcome, is also described here.
Direct Synthesis of Organonitrogen Compounds from Dinitrogen Using Transition Metal Complexes: Leap from Stoichiometric Reactions to Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Suginome Shun , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki
Published: October 2023

Organonitrogen compounds are of vital importance to our lives. For almost all organonitrogen compounds, ammonia is only the feedstock as a nitrogen source. Ammonia is produced from dinitrogen (N2) and dihydrogen (H2) by the Haber‐Bosch process, which consumes an enormous amount of energy. As an alternative method to convert N2 into organonitrogen compounds under milder conditions, various stoichiometric reactions with transition metal complexes have been explored for the last 50 years. However, the field of catalytic formation of organonitrogen compounds directly from N2 with transition metal complexes is still in its infancy. This short review summarizes strategies to achieve the direct synthesis of organonitrogen compounds from N2 under mild reaction conditions using transition metal complexes ranging from stoichiometric reactions to catalytic reactions.
Reaction Engineering and Comparison of Electroenzymatic and Enzymatic ATP Regeneration Systems
Authors: Siedentop Regine , Prenzel Tobias , Waldvogel Siegfried R. , Rosenthal Katrin , Lütz Stephan
Published: October 2023

Adenosine‐5’‐triphosphate (ATP) plays a crucial role in many biocatalytic reactions and its regeneration can influence the performance of a related enzymatic reaction significantly. Here, we established electrochemically coupled ATP regeneration by pyruvate oxidase and acetate kinase (ACK) for the phosphorylation of mevalonate catalyzed by mevalonate kinase. A yield of 84 % for the product mevalonate phosphate was reached and a total turnover number for ADP of 68. These metrics are promising for the development of an economic feasible bioprocess and surpass many other enzymatic ATP regeneration systems. A comparison was made to polyphosphate kinases (PPKs), ACK, pyruvate kinase, and creatine kinase in terms of the phosphate donor properties and biocatalytic metrics of exemplary reactions. Furthermore, our system was expanded by a PPK that enables the phosphorylation of AMP, which can broaden the spectrum of applications even further.
Mechanistic Avenues in the Chan‐Lam‐Based Etherification Reaction: A Computational Exploration
Authors: Pooventhiran Thangaiyan , Khilari Nripen , Koley Debasis
Published: October 2023

Ongoing advances in CuII‐catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling reactions between arylboronic esters and diverse heteroatom nucleophiles have strengthened the development of the general Chan‐Lam (CL)‐based reaction protocol, including C−O bond formation methodologies. In‐depth mechanistic understanding of CL etherification with specific emphasis on different reaction routes and their energetics are still lacking, even though the reaction has been experimentally explored. Here, we present a DFT‐guided computational study to unravel the mechanistic pathways of CL‐based etherification. The computational findings provide some interesting insights into the fundamental steps of the catalytic cycle, particularly the rate‐determining transmetalation event. An aryl boronic ester‐coordinated, methoxide‐bridged CuII intermediate that acts as resting state undergoes transmetalation with an activation barrier of 20.4 kcal mol−1. The energy spans of the remaining fundamental steps leading to the methoxylated product are relatively low. The minor p‐cresol product requires an additional 14.2 kcal mol−1 energy span to surmount in comparison to the favored route. Hammett studies for the substituted aryl boronic esters reveal higher reaction turnovers for electron‐rich aryl systems. The results agree with previously reported spectroscopic and kinetic observations. For a series of alcohol substrates, it was observed that, except for cyclohexanol, moderate to high etherification turnovers are predicted.