bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Violence Exposure, Aggressive Cognitions & Externalizing Behaviors among Colombian Youth: The Moderating Role of Community Belongingness
Authors: Meléndez Guevara Ana Maria , Gaias Larissa M. , Fraser Ashely M. , Lindstrom Johnson Sarah
Published: May 2021

Limited work has focused on understanding mechanisms through which violence negatively impacts youth outcomes. The present study investigates how three different facets of violence exposure (witnessing violence, victimization and armed conflict) relate to Colombian youth externalizing behaviors via the indirect influence of aggressive cognitions and the moderating role of community belongingness. Data were from a sample of students ( N = 3,483) in public high schools in Colombia. Findings indicated all three facets of violence were positively associated with youth externalizing behaviors. Armed conflict and witnessing community violence positively predicted externalizing behaviors via the indirect effect of aggressive cognitions. Community belongingness moderated the association between armed conflict and witnessing on aggressive cognitions. Results highlight the need for understanding risk and protective factors from a contextual lens. The role of community belongingness as a resilience factor is discussed, as such it has implications for intervention programs targeting youth at greater risk to violence exposure.
Love in the High Court: Implications for Indigenous Constitutional Recognition
Authors: Morris Shireen
Published: May 2021

This article considers implications of the recent Love decision in the High Court for the debate about Indigenous constitutional recognition and a First Nations constitutional voice. Conceptually, it considers how the differing judgments reconcile the sui generis position of Indigenous peoples under Australian law with the theoretical ideal of equality—concepts which are in tension both in the judicial reasoning and in constitutional recognition debates. It also discusses the judgments’ limited findings on Indigenous sovereignty, demonstrating the extent to which this is predominantly a political question that cannot be adequately resolved by courts. Surviving First Nations sovereignty can best be recognised and peacefully reconciled with Australian state sovereignty through constitutional reform authorised by Parliament and the people. The article then discusses political ramifications. It argues that allegations of judicial activism enlivened by this case, rather than demonstrating the risks of a First Nations voice, in fact illustrate the foresight of the proposal: a First Nations voice was specifically designed to be non-justiciable and therefore intended to address such concerns. Similarly, objections that this case introduced a new, race-based distinction into the Constitution are misplaced. Such race-based distinctions already exist in the Constitution’s text and operation. The article then briefly offers high-level policy suggestions addressing two practical issues arising from Love. With respect to the three-part test of Indigenous identity, it suggests a First Nations voice should avoid the unjustly onerous burdens of proof that are perpetuated in some of the reasoning in Love. It also proposes policy incentives to encourage Indigenous non-citizens resident in Australia to seek Australian citizenship, helping to prevent threats of deportation like those faced by Love and Thoms.
Can You Really Study an Army on the Internet? Comparing How Status Tasks Perform in the Laboratory and Online Settings
Authors: Manago Bianca , Mize Trenton D. , Doan Long
Published: May 2021

Laboratory experiments have a long history within sociology, with their ability to test causality and their utility for directly observing behavior providing key advantages. One influential social psychological field, status characteristics and expectation states theory, has almost exclusively used laboratory experiments to test the theory. Unfortunately, laboratory experiments are resource intensive, requiring a research pool, laboratory space, and considerable amounts of time. For these and other reasons, social scientists are increasingly exploring the possibility of moving experiments from the lab to an online platform. Despite the advantages of the online setting, the transition from the lab is challenging, especially when studying behavior. In this project, we develop methods to translate the traditional status characteristics experimental setting from the laboratory to online. We conducted parallel laboratory and online behavioral experiments using three tasks from the status literature, comparing each task’s ability to differentiate on the basis of status distinctions. The tasks produce equivalent results in the online and laboratory environment; however, not all tasks are equally sensitive to status differences. Finally, we provide more general guidance on how to move vital aspects of laboratory studies, such as debriefing, suspicion checks, and scope condition checks, to the online setting.
Impact of electric vehicles aggregators with communication delays on stability delay margins of two-area load frequency control system
Authors: Naveed Ausnain , Sönmez Şahin , Ayasun Saffet
Published: May 2021

This paper investigates the impact of electric vehicles (EVs) aggregator with communication time delay on stability delay margin of a two-area load frequency control (LFC) system. A frequency-domain exact method is used to calculate stability delay margins for various values of proportional-integral (PI) controller gains. The proposed method first eliminates the transcendental terms in the characteristic equation without using any approximation and then transforms the transcendental characteristic equation into a regular polynomial using a recursive approach. The key result of the elimination process is that real roots of the new polynomial correspond to imaginary roots of the transcendental characteristic equation. With the help of new polynomial, delay-dependent system stability and root tendency with respect to the time delay is determined. An analytical formula is then developed to compute delay margins in terms of system parameters. The qualitative impact of EVs aggregator on stability delay margins is thoroughly analysed and the results are verified by time domain simulations and quasi-polynomial mapping-based root finder (QPmR) algorithm.
Coordinated speed and position control of integrated motor-transmission system
Authors: Li Wei , Kang Chen , Zhu Xiaoyuan
Published: May 2021

In this paper, a coordinated driving motor speed and shifting motor displacement control strategy is proposed for the integrated motor-transmission (IMT) system during the gearshift process. For active speed synchronization of IMT system, speed reference to driving motor is redesigned by using a polynomial speed trajectory. Compared with conventional step speed change reference, it can help improve the ride performance of IMT system. While in the gear release as well as engagement phase, a robust optimal preview controller is developed for the shifting motor to realize rapid and reliable position tracking of the sleeve in spite of load disturbance. Based on real time value of the driving motor speed and also sleeve axial position, proposed speed and position controllers are coordinated in plan during the whole gearshift process. Co-simulations with Matlab/Simulink and AMEsim are conducted to demonstrate dynamical characteristics of the IMT system during the whole gear shifting process, in which a two-layer switching logic is built by using Matlab/Stateflow. Comparative simulation tests are carried out to show the effectiveness as well as performance of proposed control strategies.
Loudness Perceptions Influence Feelings of Interpersonal Closeness and Protect Against Detrimental Psychological Effects of Social Exclusion
Authors: Wang Deming , Ziano Ignazio , Hagger Martin S. , Chatzisarantis Nikos L. D.
Published: May 2021

We propose that perceptions of auditory loudness and interpersonal closeness are bidirectionally related. Across 12 experiments (total N = 2,219; 10 preregistered; with Singaporean, British, U.S. American, and Australian participants), we demonstrated that louder audio made people feel physically (Study 1a) and socially (Study 1b) closer to others, presumably because loudness activates interpersonal closeness-related concepts implicitly (Studies 1c and 1d). This loudness–interpersonal closeness effect was observed across diverse samples (Studies 2a, 3a, and S1), for longer listening intervals (Study 2b), and in natural settings (Studies 3a and 3b). Conversely, individuals made to feel socially excluded rated their surroundings as quieter (Study 4). Furthermore, following social exclusion, individuals showed a preference for louder volume (Study 5). Finally, exposure to loud stimuli mitigated detrimental psychological effects of social exclusion (Study 6). Theoretical implications for the social cognition of loudness, social exclusion and compensatory strategies, and practical implications for ameliorating loneliness are discussed.
The Emergence of Resource-Based Theory: A Personal Journey
Authors: Barney Jay B.
Published: May 2021

I have recently been encouraged to share my personal reflections on the emergence of resource-based theory. In many ways, I have been reluctant to do so, at least in print, since any such effort would necessarily reflect my idiosyncratic view of this history. A complete discussion of both the people involved in the development of resource-based theory and the context within which this theory developed in the field of management would, I suspect, require the objective eye of a third party. In this way, I certainly do not qualify to write such a history. However, when the 30th anniversary of the publication of the Special Theory Forum on Resource-Based Theory in the Journal of Management came around, I thought it might be time to put down on paper—a quaintly old-fashioned phrase—my own recollections of this history. In doing so, I decided to make no pretense that this is an objective or rigorous historical effort. Rather, these are the reflections of a strategic management scholar, coming toward the end of his career, about a time, now over 30 years ago, when resource-based theory did not yet exist. I have not tried to verify my reflections by appeal to historical documents, except for any papers I and others have published. I did pass this essay by many of the people mentioned in it—to see if my memories were consistent with their memories—but that is as far as I have gone in verifying the “facts” I share in this essay.
Thus spoke the student from Bologna: On behalf of the blush and confusion
Authors: Hearn Michael
Published: May 2021

To the extent that philosophy deals with the blush, it is almost always as the pink blush of shame. Such is philosophy’s seeming obsession with the latter, there remains the risk of something important being lost in translation when it comes to those examples in the literature that mention the blush. I intend to focus on one such example, a scene from Robert Antelme’s The Human Race, the story of the student from Bologna, in which Antelme describes the student’s blushing response to being randomly selected by an SS soldier from a bedraggled line of prisoners for a roadside execution. I will turn to Lisa Guenther and Giorgio Agamben for their reading of Antelme’s account, not, I should stress, to evaluate their respective analyses of shame, but that which may have been overlooked as a result, namely confusion. I will turn also to Jean-Paul Sartre, again, not in relation to shame, rather for his brief, but no less important, phenomenological account of blushing. I will refer to recent social psychology research suggesting that confusion is a knowledge emotion – something like embarrassment (as aporia). All this in support of the argument, that when Antelme writes of the student – ‘ Il a l’air confus’ (‘He seems confused’), we are bound to take them both, the student and Antelme, the blusher and the beholder, at their word – to maintain our distance so that the scene might speak for itself and in so doing reveal signs of life.
Early resuscitation orders in hospitalized oldest-old with COVID-19: A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Piers Ruth , Van Braeckel Eva , Benoit Dominique , Van Den Noortgate Nele
Published: May 2021

Background:

In particular older people are at risk of mortality due to corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Advance care planning is essential to assist patient autonomy and prevent non-beneficial medical interventions.

Aim:

To describe early (taken within 72 h after hospital admission) resuscitation orders in oldest-old hospitalized with COVID-19.

Setting/participants:

A cohort of patients aged 80 years and older admitted to the acute hospital in March and April 2020 with COVID-19 were retrospectively recruited from 10 acute hospitals in Belgium. Recruitment was done through a network of geriatricians.

Results:

Overall, 766 octogenarians were admitted of whom 49 were excluded because no therapeutic relationship with the geriatrician and six because of incomplete case report form. Early decisions not to consider intensive care admission were taken in 474/711 (66.7%) patients. This subgroup was characterized by significantly higher age, higher number of comorbidities and higher frailty level. There was a significant association between the degree of the treatment limitation and the degree of premorbid frailty ( p < 0.001). Overall in-hospital mortality was 41.6% in patients with an early decision not to consider intensive care admission (67.1% in persons who developed respiratory failure vs 16.7% in patients without respiratory failure ( p < 0.001)). Of 104 patients without early decision not to consider intensive care admission but who developed respiratory failure, 59 were eventually not transferred to intensive care unit with in-hospital mortality of 25.4%; 45 were transferred to the intensive care unit with mortality of 64.4%.

Conclusions:

Geriatricians applied all levels of treatment in oldest-old hospitalized with COVID-19. Early decisions not to consider intensive care admission were taken in two thirds of the cohort of whom more than 50% survived to hospital discharge by means of conservative treatment.
Effects of Connectivity and Traffic Observability on an Adaptive Traffic Signal Control System
Authors: Islam S M A Bin Al , Tajalli Mehrdad , Mohebifard Rasool , Hajbabaie Ali
Published: May 2021

The effectiveness of adaptive signal control strategies depends on the level of traffic observability, which is defined as the ability of a signal controller to estimate traffic state from connected vehicle (CV), loop detector data, or both. This paper aims to quantify the effects of traffic observability on network-level performance, traffic progression, and travel time reliability, and to quantify those effects for vehicle classes and major and minor directions in an arterial corridor. Specifically, we incorporated loop detector and CV data into an adaptive signal controller and measured several mobility- and event-based performance metrics under different degrees of traffic observability (i.e., detector-only, CV-only, and CV and loop detector data) with various CV market penetration rates. A real-world arterial street of 10 intersections in Seattle, Washington was simulated in Vissim under peak hour traffic demand level with transit vehicles. The results showed that a 40% CV market share was required for the adaptive signal controller using only CV data to outperform signal control with only loop detector data. At the same market penetration rate, signal control with CV-only data resulted in the same traffic performance, progression quality, and travel time reliability as the signal control with CV and loop detector data. Therefore, the inclusion of loop detector data did not further improve traffic operations when the CV market share reached 40%. Integrating 10% of CV data with loop detector data in the adaptive signal control improved traffic performance and travel time reliability.
Cultivating Relationships with Startup Employees: The Role of Entrepreneurs’ Leadership Communication
Authors: Men Linjuan Rita , Chen Zifei Fay , Ji Yi Grace
Published: May 2021

This study examines how CEOs’ use of motivating language influences employee relationships within startup organizations. Informed by self-determination theory and social identity theory, the study proposes psychological need satisfaction and organizational identification as mechanisms accounting for the influence of startup leaders’ use of motivating language on employee relational outcomes. Through an online survey of 1,027 startup employees across various industries in Mainland China, the study found that startup CEO use of motivating language positively influenced employee-startup relationships both directly and indirectly through enhanced psychological need satisfaction and organizational identification from startup employees. This study advances theoretical understanding of executive leader public relations functions and their role as important communication agents in the unique Chinese startup context. Further, this research tested the explanatory boundaries of motivating language theory and provides practical insights for startup leaders, communication practitioners, and entrepreneurs regarding how to develop long-term and quality relationships with startup employees.
Do You See What Eye See? Measurement, Correlates, and Functional Associations of Objective and Self-Reported Vision Impairment in Aging South Africans
Authors: Farrell Meagan T. , Jia Yusheng , Berkman Lisa F. , Wagner Ryan G.
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Our study investigates measurement, correlates, and functional associations of vision impairment (VI) in an aging population in rural South Africa. Methods: 1582 participants aged 40–69 reported on near (NVI) and distance vision impairment (DVI) and completed objective vision tests. Logistic and linear regression were used to evaluate sociodemographic, health, and psychosocial correlates of VI and assess relationships between VI and cognitive and physical function. Results: VI prevalence was considerably higher according to objective testing (56%) versus self-reports (18%). Older adults were especially likely to underreport impairment. Objective VI was associated with age, education, cardiometabolic disease, and female sex. Conversely, self-reported VI was associated with psychosocial factors. Objective NVI and both types of DVI were associated with worse visual cognition and slower gait speed, respectively. Discussion: Self-reported and objective VI measures should not be used interchangeably in this context. Our findings highlight extensive burden of untreated VI in this region.
Blacks weather, Whites climate
Authors: Driscoll Mark
Published: May 2021

This essay explores the intersections of race, weather and climate. Earth science construes weather as the temperature and precipitation that impacts environments. Thinking about how this applies to bodies has come into vogue in trying to understand the disproportionate number of COVID-19 infections and deaths for Blacks and Latinx people. Arline Geronimus pioneered this in 1992 when she transposed the notion of “weathering” from its standard meaning of a process that decays wood onto the cumulative racism experienced by Black women resulting in excessive maternal death. Her “weathering hypothesis” tracks the assemblage of negative health outcomes for all African Americans caused by dangerous work environments and polluted neighborhoods. My essay shows how these embodied health effects are linked to larger histories of burning fossil fuels. We now know burning coal and oil transforms the climate by increasing the ratio of CO2 molecules. We also know that this shifting climate determines specific weather outcomes. However, we don’t yet have a full picture of the racial dynamic undergirding this. As a corollary to weathering, this essay proposes a “climating hypothesis” to help expose the power that Euro-descendant whites have wielded for centuries to intervene in the earth’s climate.
Play it again, this time with meaning
Authors: McHugh Patrick
Published: May 2021

The potential exists to rebuild a more just economy in the wake of COVID-19. By illuminating the gap between what economic institutions promised and the reality billions of people face, this crisis is focusing attention and activism in new ways, particularly at the juncture of race and class. Advocates for racial and economic justice are effectively using this moment to forge new shared understandings of our history and what it will take to build an economy which truly serves human flourishing
Improvement of thread turning process using micro-hole textured solid-lubricant embedded tools
Authors: Khani Salman , Shahabi Haghighi Seyedhamidreza , Razfar Mohammad Reza , Farahnakian Masoud
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the thread turning of aluminum 7075-T6 alloy is studied using micro-hole textured solid-lubricant embedded carbide inserts. The primary focus of this work is to enhance the performance of the thread turning process for producing high quality threaded parts. To achieve this, micro-holes were generated by laser micro-machining on the rake face of tools and then, MoS2 and CNT (carbon nanotube) solid-lubricants were embedded into micro-holes. The effects of micro-holes and solid-lubrication on the performance of the thread turning process were examined using traditional tool ( T0), micro-hole textured tool ( T1), micro-hole textured MoS2 embedded tool ( T2), and micro-hole textured CNT embedded tool ( T3). In this study, cutting forces, chip-tool contact length, built-up edge (BUE), surface roughness, and operating cost were investigated. The influence of micro-hole generation on the mechanical strength of cutting inserts was evaluated using the finite element method. The results showed that the fabrication of the micro-holes on the rake surface of cutting inserts has no significant effect on the mechanical strength of the tools. The comparisons of our method with traditional tools demonstrated that the cutting performance improved in the threading process. Our results reveal that the main cutting force, radial thrust force, surface roughness, built-up edge, and chip-tool contact length reduced 37.1%, 40.9%, 37.9%, 58.3%, and 38.2%, respectively, as T3 tools are applied in this process. A cost analysis, based on estimated tooling costs, showed that the T3 tool can yield an 18% reduction in overall operating cost.
An improved speed-dependent battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system management strategy for electric vehicles
Authors: So Kai Man , Hong Geok Soon , Lu Wen Feng
Published: May 2021

Battery/Ultracapacitor (UC) Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (HESS) for Electric Vehicles (EVs) have been frequently proposed in the literature to increase battery cycle life. The HESS consists of a Power Management Strategy (PMS) and an Energy Management Strategy (EMS). Existing EMS are quite empirical, such as setting constant target UC energy levels regardless of load. This work presents an improved complete HESS management strategy. The EMS involves a more comprehensive method of setting the target UC energy level using a speed-dependent band. This allows the UC to achieve two goals – contain sufficient energy for future accelerations and have sufficient space for capturing energy from future regenerative braking – without knowledge of the future drive profile. The PMS involves a speed-dependent battery power limit, which also achieves two goals – better UC utilization and allowing the battery to supply the steady state power. Simulations show existing works cannot achieve the four goals simultaneously unless their UCs are sized twice as large compared to the proposed rule-based HESS. In addition, the proposed HESS extends battery cycle life by up to 42% compared to a battery-only system. Lastly, a reduced-scale experiment was built to show that the proposed HESS is able to run in real-time.
Preparation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/high density polyethylene composites with enhanced properties by using a master batch method
Authors: He Fu-An , Zhang Li-Ming
Published: May 2021

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were prepared by a masterbatch method (mPEC) in which a commercial HDPE was blended with a MWCNTs/HDPE masterbatch obtained from in situ polymerization. Owing to the interfacial interaction, a 13 cm−1 up-shift of the G band for the MWCNTs was observed in the Raman spectrum of the MWCNTs/HDPE masterbatch and the homogeneous distribution of MWCNTs in the mPEC was realized. Compared to the pure HDPE and the MWCNTs/HDPE composites prepared by a direct melt-blending method (dPEC), the mPEC had better electrical, mechanical and rheological properties, suggesting that the in situ polymerized HDPE covering on the MWCNTs surfaces played an important role in the reinforcing effects as an interfacial modifier. The tensile yield strength and the Young’s modulus of the mPEC containing 3 wt% MWCNTs (mPEC3), and the flexural strength and the flexural modulus of the mPEC containing 1 wt% MWCNTs were improved by 38.3%, 41.7%, 24.4%, and 42.9%, respectively, compared to those of the pure HDPE. For, the electrical resistivity of mPEC3 was decreased by about three orders of magnitude relative to that of the pure HDPE. The | η*|, G′, and G″ of the mPEC were obviously higher than those of pure HDPE. Moreover, the polyethylene-modified MWCNTs obtained from in situ polymerization could facilitate the crystallization of the HDPE macromolecular chains more effectively compared to the unmodified MWCNTs.
Caste Exclusion and Health Discrimination in South Asia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Thapa Raksha , van Teijlingen Edwin , Regmi Pramod Raj , Heaslip Vanessa
Published: May 2021

The caste system is social stratification system that has been used over the last 3 millennia. This review aims to investigate caste-based inequity in health care utilization in South Asia, particularly focusing those at the bottom of the caste hierarchy, commonly known as Dalit communities. A systematic methodology was followed; key databases (including CINAHL, Medline, SocINDEX, PubMed, Nepjol, JSTOR, and ASSIA) were searched for relevant articles published before October 2019, using comprehensive search strategy in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. In total 15,109 papers were found, and from these, nine selected papers were included in the review. The papers focused on studies in both India (n = 7) and Nepal (n = 2) and utilized a range of methods including qualitative (n = 2), quantitative (n = 3), and mixed methods (n = 4) approaches. The review identified four main themes: stigma, poverty, cultures and beliefs, and health care. Caste-based inequity impacts upon all aspects of an individual’s well-being including violence and everyday life risks. Caste also impacts upon individuals’ opportunities to access education, employment, and health care. Dalits appear to experience this more significantly due to both poverty and their caste status, which increases their vulnerability to health risks.
Industrial relations and inequality: the many conditions of a crucial relationship
Authors: Dorigatti Lisa , Pedersini Roberto
Published: May 2021

This article develops an analytical framework for exploring the complex (and sometimes contradictory) relationship between industrial relations and inequality. It discusses whether, under what conditions and to what extent the often-made claim that industrial relations can contribute to reducing inequality is warranted, by focusing on the two dimensions of intra- and inter-class inequality. Following the main lines of the proposed analytical framework, the article then presents a selective review of the empirical literature and how the contributions in this issue can help to refine and integrate the proposed analytical framework. The conclusions present some reflections on how the role of industrial relations in addressing inequality can be enhanced.
Damping characteristics of a magneto-rheological damper with dual independent controllable ducts
Authors: Yu Jianqiang , Dong Xiaomin , Wang Tao , Zhou Zhengmu , Zhou Yaqin
Published: May 2021

This paper presents the damping characteristics of a linear magneto-rheological (MR) damper with dual controllable ducts based on numerical and experimental analysis. The novel MR damper consisting of a dual-rod cylinder system and a MR valve is used to reduce the influences of viscous damping force and improve dynamic range. Driven by the dual-rod cylinder system, MR fluid flows in the MR valve. The pressure drop of the MR valve with dual independent controllable ducts can be controlled by tuning the current of two independent coils. Based on the mathematical model and the finite element method, the damping characteristics of the MR damper is simulated. A prototype is designed and tested on MTS machine to evaluate its damping characteristics. The results show that the working states and damping force of the MR damper can be controlled by the two independent coils.
Extending the Group Actor-Partner Interdependence Model: MSEM Applications
Authors: Bonito Joseph A.
Published: May 2021

The Group Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (GAPIM) conceptualizes group composition as a relational construct and provides methods for estimating the effects of compositional characteristics on outcomes of interest. This paper extends the GAPIM to a multilevel structural equation model framework, which expands the range of research questions the GAPIM might address, including those based on input-process-outcome models. Simulations, based on group size, number of groups, effect size, and compositional skewness, provide guidance for designing studies to maximize power to detect compositional effects. Discussion addresses composition in general, especially how “deep” characteristics become manifest and meaningful during interaction.
You Have to Pay to Live: Somali Young Adult Experiences With the U.S. Health Care System
Authors: Houston Ashley R. , Lincoln Alisa , Gillespie Sarah , Da Fonseca Tibrine , Issa Osob , Ellis Heidi , Salhi Carmel
Published: May 2021

There is increasing documentation that refugees face experiences of interpersonal or structural discrimination in health care and employment. This study examines how Somali refugees understand various forms of discrimination in employment and health care related to their health, utilization of, and engagement with the health care system in the United States. We draw on semistructured qualitative interviews ( N = 35) with Somali young adults in three U.S. states—Minnesota, Massachusetts, and Maine. Using modified grounded theory analysis, we explore how experiences of discrimination in employment and health care settings impact health care access, utilization, and perceptions of health among Somali young adults. Discrimination was identified as a major barrier to using health services and securing employment with employer-sponsored insurance coverage. These findings highlight how interpersonal and structural discrimination in employment and health care are mutually reinforcing in their production of barriers to health care utilization among Somali refugees.
Primary Angiosarcoma of the Adrenal Gland: Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ladenheim Alexander , Tian Miao , Afify Alaa , Campbell Michael , Kamangar Elham
Published: May 2021

Primary adrenal angiosarcoma is a rare, malignant, vascular neoplasm. These neoplasms typically arise in middle age (median age of 60 years) and are more common in males (65%) than in females. Although rare, these neoplasms are aggressive with a propensity for local recurrence and metastasis and a median survival of 18 months. We present 2 cases of primary adrenal angiosarcoma with synchronous, ipsilateral adrenocortical adenomas. We review the cases of adrenal angiosarcoma reported since 1988 and discuss their clinical and histopathologic characteristics.
Do Unnecessary Tasks Impair Performance Because They Harm Living a Calling? Testing a Mediation in a Three-Wave Study
Authors: Mauno Saija , Minkkinen Jaana , Shimazu Akihito
Published: May 2021

This three-wave study explored whether living a calling (at work) mediated the relation between unnecessary tasks (time wasting work tasks) and socio-contextual performance at work (cynicism, organizational citizenship behavior). Participants were 518 Finnish white- and blue-collar employees, who were followed up in 2018, 2019, and 2020. The results of structural equation modeling showed that unnecessary tasks at Time 1 related negatively to living a calling at Time 2, which, in turn, related to cynicism and organizational citizenship behavior at T3. Thus, living a calling mediated the relation between unnecessary tasks and the outcomes. We found no evidence for the moderator role of living a calling between unnecessary tasks and the outcomes. Unnecessary tasks should be minimized in organizations to promote living a calling and subsequent positive outcomes predicted by calling.
The Pioneer Neuropharmacologist Alfred Fröhlich (1871–1953) and the Origins of Neuroendocrinology: A Sesquicentennial Remembrance
Authors: Triarhou Lazaros C.
Published: May 2021

The birth of neuroendocrinology as a scientific discipline is traced back to 1900–1901, when Joseph Babinski, Alfred Fröhlich, and Harvey Cushing independently identified adiposogenital dystrophy (Fröhlich syndrome), and related gonadal underdevelopment and obesity to a tumor near the pituitary gland. This discovery prompted decades of research into the brain mechanisms responsible for the control of peripheral metabolism and endocrine functions. On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of Fröhlich’s birth, this study traces the origins of his intellectual formation and his association with renowned contemporaries in Austria, England, Italy, and finally Cincinnati, Ohio, where he sought refuge after Austria’s annexation by Nazi Germany. Fröhlich interacted with seminal figures in biomedicine, including Lothar von Frankl-Hochwart, Hans Horst Meyer, Ernst Peter Pick, Harvey Cushing, John Newport Langley, and the Nobel laureates Charles Scott Sherrington and Otto Loewi. Alfred Fröhlich, one of the 20th century’s most emblematic physicians, left his mark on neurophysiology and neuropharmacology with important works, and published authoritative manuals of drug dispensing and clinical therapy. He confronted the calamities of two World Wars with remarkable resilience like many of his Viennese colleagues who, overcoming the constraints of National Socialism, settled overseas to fulfil their calling as physicians, researchers, and teachers.
The Evaluation of Hemostatic Abnormalities Using a CWA-Small Amount Tissue Factor Induced FIX Activation Assay in Major Orthopedic Surgery Patients
Authors: Hasegawa Masahiro , Tone Shine , Wada Hideo , Naito Yohei , Matsumoto Takeshi , Yamashita Yoshiki , Shimaoka Motomu , Sudo Akihiro
Published: May 2021

We analyzed the utility for a clot waveform analysis (CWA) of small tissue factor induced FIX activation (sTF/FIXa) assay in patients with major orthopedic surgery (including total hip arthroplasty [THA] and total knee arthroplasty [TKA]) receiving edoxaban for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The sTF/FIXa assay using recombinant human TF in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) was performed using a CWA in the above patients to monitor the efficacy of edoxaban administration. Of 147 patients (109 THA and 38 TKA), 21 exhibited deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and 15 had massive bleeding. Increased peak heights of the CWA-sTF/FIX were observed in almost patients after surgery and prolonged peak heights of the CWA-sTF/FIX were observed in almost patients treated with edoxaban. The peak heights and times of the CWA-sTF/FIX were significantly higher and shorter, respectively, in PRP than in PPP. There were no significant differences in parameters of the CWA-sTF/FIXa between the patients with and without DVT or between those with and without massive bleeding. The peak time of CWA-sTF/FIXa were significantly longer in TKA patients than in THA patients on day 1 after surgery. The second derivative peak height of the CWA-sTF/FIXa was significantly lower in TKA patients than in THA patients on day 4. The CWA-sTF/FIX reflected hemostatic abnormalities after surgery and the administration of edoxaban, and the results were better in PRP than PPP. Further studies separately analyzing the THA and TKA subgroups should be conducted.
A quantitative measure of the degree of output controllability for output regulation control systems: Concept, approach, and applications
Authors: Xia Yaping , Li Ruiyu , Yin Minghui , Zou Yun
Published: May 2021

Currently, many research studies reveal that for state regulator problems, the higher the degree of controllability is, the better the control effect likely is. Note that for the output regulator problems, the control performance is often evaluated by outputs. This article hence generalizes the concept and applications of degree of controllability to the case of output regulator. To this end, a kind of degree of output controllability is presented. Furthermore, simulations on wind turbines and the inverted pendulum system demonstrate that better control effect may be achieved by increasing the degree of output controllability measure. These results imply that similar to the case of degree of controllability for state regulation control, the degree of output controllability measure is likely a feasible candidate index for the design and optimization of the structural parameters of controlled plants in the case of output regulation control.
Are Online Patient Reviews Associated With Health Care Outcomes? A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Placona Andrew M. , Rathert Cheryl
Published: May 2021

Although online patient reviews (OPRs) are ubiquitous, there has been debate about whether OPRs are associated with measures of health care outcomes. The majority of patients search for online information about a hospital or provider before scheduling an encounter, therefore, the extent to which OPRs are valid information is important. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to examine the extent to which OPRs are associated with measures of patient experience, clinical quality, and other outcomes. We searched Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycInfo, which yielded 32 studies. There were consistent positive correlations between OPRs and patient experience at both the organization and individual provider levels of analysis. However, associations between OPRs and quality measures were mixed. Organizational level OPRs may be more reliable than individual provider OPRs. In addition, the strength of association could be affected by the type of encounter setting, specialty, and specific measures.
Empowering Practices With Domestic Violence Survivors in India
Authors: Menon Suvarna V. , Allen Nicole E.
Published: May 2021

There is a growing concern about women’s safety in India. This study examined a grassroots agency’s response to domestic violence in the community by examining their empowerment-focused work with survivors through crisis intervention centers. Multi-informant perspectives examined (a) the organizational process of facilitating or strengthening empowerment of survivors and (b) the mechanisms central to this process. Results highlight various salient mechanisms, namely, the adoption of a survivor-centered approach, collaborative relationships with staff, meeting women where they are, systems advocacy, fostering independence, and building long-term networks with formal and informal supports. Implications for intervention and prevention work are discussed.
Barriers to Cooperation With Family Members in Psychiatric Care in Turkey: Perspectives of Health Professionals and Family Caregivers
Authors: Sari Ayşe , Çetinkaya Duman Zekiye , Kahveci Gül Yonca
Published: May 2021

Background:

Cooperation between families of individuals with mental illnesses and mental health professionals is very important for the quality of mental health care, and there are many barriers to the establishment of cooperation between mental health professionals and families. It is highly important to identify/define barriers to cooperation between families and health professionals from a cultural perspective.

Aim:

The present study was aimed at identifying barriers to cooperation between mental health professionals and families from the perspectives of mental health professionals and family caregivers in Turkey.

Method:

In the sample of this descriptive qualitative study, 12 family caregivers and 11 health professionals were included.

Results:

The results of the study indicated seven themes regarding the perceptions of family caregivers and mental health professionals. The themes related to perceptions of family caregivers about barriers are as follows: “learning the process by living,” the perception of “my patient comes first,” and the perception of “being neglected.” The themes related to perceptions of mental health professionals about barriers are as follows: “lack of collaboration within the team,” “family itself as a barrier,” and “lack of education about working with families.” The common theme mentioned by both groups included the “patient-oriented service understanding.”

Conclusions:

The results obtained from this study are believed to be a guide for planning and implementing interventions to eliminate the barriers defined from the perspectives of both mental health professionals and family caregivers. Both mental health professionals and family caregivers need psychosocial interventions for strengthening “family cooperation.”
Associations of Quantity Smoked and Socioeconomic Status With Smoke-Free Homes and Cars Among Daily Smokers
Authors: Pelekanakis Annie , O’Loughlin Jennifer L. , Maximova Katerina , Montreuil Annie , Kalubi Jodi , Dugas Erika N. , Sylvestre Marie-Pierre
Published: May 2021

Introduction

An association between socioeconomic status (SES) and smoke-free private spaces among smokers could be due to heavier smoking among low SES smokers. We assessed whether quantity smoked or SES are independently associated with smoke-free homes or cars in daily smokers.

Method

Data were drawn from a cross-sectional telephone survey (2011–2012) of 750 daily smokers age ≥18 years in Quebec, Canada (45% response). Multivariable logistic regression was used to model the independent association between (a) number of cigarettes smoked per day, and (b) each of educational attainment, annual household income, or active employment status and smoke-free homes or cars.

Results

Participants were 41.0 years old on average, 57% were female. Median (IQR) number of cigarettes smoked per day was 14 (10, 20). Forty-eight percent of participants reported smoke-free homes; 34% reported smoke-free cars. Quantity smoked was strongly associated with both smoke-free homes and cars. Income and education (but not actively employed) were associated with smoke-free homes. None of the SES indicators were associated with smoke-free cars.

Conclusions

Interventions targeting smokers to promote smoke-free homes and cars should incorporate components to help smokers reduce quantity smoked or preferably, to quit. Interventions targeting smoke-free homes will also need to address SES inequalities by education and income. Our data suggest that reduction in quantity smoked may help smokers reduce SHS exposure in cars, but that an inequality lens may not be relevant.
Facilitators and Barriers of a Chronic Care Management Intervention Addressing Diabetes Among Mexican-Origin Adults
Authors: Polletta Valerie L. , LeBrón Alana M. W. , Sifuentes Maribel R. , Mitchell-Bennett Lisa A. , Ayala Ciara , Reininger Belinda M.
Published: May 2021

Background

Chronic care management (CCM) and community health worker (CHW) interventions hold promise for managing complex chronic conditions such as diabetes and related comorbidities. This qualitative study examines facilitators and barriers to the implementation of an expanded CCM intervention that explicitly incorporated program staff, clinic staff, CHWs, and partnerships with community-based organizations to enhance diabetes management among Mexican-origin adults.

Method

Grounded theory was used to analyze interviews conducted in 2018 with 24 members of the CCM team, including program staff, clinic staff, and community-based program partner staff.

Results

Three themes emerged that characterize perceived facilitators and barriers to CCM implementation, based on analysis of interviews: (1) understanding roles and responsibilities across organizations, (2) building relationships across organizations, and (3) coordinating delivery of the model among different organizations. First, structured meetings and colocated workspaces enhanced understanding of CCM roles for each team member and across organizations. Barriers to understanding CCM roles were more common during the early stages of CCM implementation and amongst staff who did not participate in regular meetings. Second, regular meetings facilitated development of relationships across organizations to enhance implementation of the CCM model. In contrast, limited relationship building among some CCM team members served as a barrier to implementation. Third, CHWs and case review meetings fostered communication and coordination across the CCM model.

Conclusions

Results suggest the importance of understanding roles and building relationships among multidisciplinary teams to ensure effective communication and coordination of care.
The Exascale Framework for High Fidelity coupled Simulations (EFFIS): Enabling whole device modeling in fusion science
Authors: Suchyta Eric , Klasky Scott , Podhorszki Norbert , Wolf Matthew , Adesoji Abolaji , Chang CS , Choi Jong , Davis Philip E , Dominski Julien , Ethier Stéphane , Foster Ian , Germaschewski Kai , Geveci Berk , Harris Chris , Huck Kevin A , Liu Qing , Logan Jeremy , Mehta Kshitij , Merlo Gabriele , Moore Shirley V , Munson Todd , Parashar Manish , Pugmire David , Shephard Mark S , Smith Cameron W , Subedi Pradeep , Wan Lipeng , Wang Ruonan , Zhang Shuangxi
Published: May 2021

We present the Exascale Framework for High Fidelity coupled Simulations (EFFIS), a workflow and code coupling framework developed as part of the Whole Device Modeling Application (WDMApp) in the Exascale Computing Project. EFFIS consists of a library, command line utilities, and a collection of run-time daemons. Together, these software products enable users to easily compose and execute workflows that include: strong or weak coupling, in situ (or offline) analysis/visualization/monitoring, command-and-control actions, remote dashboard integration, and more. We describe WDMApp physics coupling cases and computer science requirements that motivate the design of the EFFIS framework. Furthermore, we explain the essential enabling technology that EFFIS leverages: ADIOS for performant data movement, PerfStubs/TAU for performance monitoring, and an advanced COUPLER for transforming coupling data from its native format to the representation needed by another application. Finally, we demonstrate EFFIS using coupled multi-simulation WDMApp workflows and exemplify how the framework supports the project’s needs. We show that EFFIS and its associated services for data movement, visualization, and performance collection does not introduce appreciable overhead to the WDMApp workflow and that the resource-dominant application’s idle time while waiting for data is minimal.