bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Coupled Mechanical–Electrochemical Study of Li-Ion Battery Based on Genetic Programming and Experimental Validation
Authors: Shui Li , Peng Xiongbin , Zhang Jian , Garg Akhil , Nguyen Hoang-do , Phung Le My Loan
Published: July 2018

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the heart of electric vehicle because they are the main source of its power transmission. The current scientific challenges include the accurate and robust evaluation of battery state such as the discharging capacity so that the occurrence of unforeseen dire events can be reduced. State-of-the-art technologies focused extensively on evaluating the battery states based on the models, whose measurements rely on determination of parameters such as the voltage, current, and temperature. Experts have well argued that these models have poor accuracy, computationally expensive, and best suited for laboratory conditions. This forms the strong basis of conducting research on identifying and investigating the parameters that can quantify the battery state accurately. The unwanted, irreversible chemical and physical changes in the battery result in loss of active metals (lithium ions). This shall consequently result in decrease of capacity of the battery. Therefore, measuring the stack stress along with temperature of the battery can be related to its discharging capacity. This study proposes the evaluation of battery state of health (SOH) based on the mechanical parameter such as stack stress. The objective of this study will be to establish the fundamentals and the relationship between the battery state, the stack stress, and the temperature. The experiments were designed to validate the fundamentals, and the robust models are formulated using an evolutionary approach of genetic programming (GP). The findings from this study can pave the way for the design of new battery that incorporates the sensors to estimate its state accurately.
Viscoelastic Response of Closed-Cell Polyurethane Foams From Half Hour-Long Creep Tests: Identification of Lomnitz Behavior
Authors: Pichler Christian , Maier Marcus , Lackner Roman
Published: July 2018

In this paper, a protocol for interpretation of static creep tests on closed-cell polyurethane foams is defined, considering the influence of a finite loading duration when identifying creep compliance parameters. Experiments were conducted at isothermal conditions with temperatures ranging from 20 to 120 °C. The experimental results indicate Lomnitz, i.e., logarithmic-type creep behavior. We discuss uniqueness of the backcalculated parameters. Furthermore, the viscoelastic material parameters obtained were verified in independent experiments: elastic compliance by ultrasonic wave velocity measurements, viscous material parameters by relaxation tests.
A Detailed Techno-Economic Analysis of Gas Turbines Applied to Concentrated Solar Power Plants With Central Receiver
Authors: Martín Manuel , Sánchez David
Published: July 2018

This work presents a very detailed techno-economic analysis of the technology, made up of two complementary models. A performance model implemented in Thermoflex environment is used to explore alternative integration layouts in order to enable the simultaneous operation on solar and fossil energy. Then, a detailed cost analysis calculates the capital and operation costs of the plant from the engineering, procurement and construction standpoints. These two models are then combined in annual simulations to obtain the final levelized cost of electricity (LCoE) from which a solid conclusion about the true potential of solar gas turbines can be ascertained. A sensitivity analysis with respect to the main boundary conditions is also provided. The results confirm that LCoE in the order of 14 c€/kWh can be obtained when running the plant during sun hours (daily operation), yielding almost 70% annual solar share and for a fuel cost of 8 €/MBTU. In a higher fuel cost scenario (12 €/MBTU), this cost rises to almost 17 c€/kWh whereas it decreases to 10.5 c€/kWh if fuel costs are 4 €/MBTU. The different sensitivity analyses performed highlight the very strong regional effect on LCoE, not only for direct normal irradiance (DNI) but also for the largely variable local labor costs.
A Method for Parametric Analysis of Stability Boundaries for Nonlinear Periodic Vibrations of Structures With Contact Interfaces
Authors: Petrov E. P.
Published: July 2018

A method for parametric analysis of the stability loss boundary has been developed for periodic regimes of nonlinear forced vibrations for a first time. The method allows parametric frequency-domain calculations of the stability loss together with the vibration amplitudes and design parameter values corresponding to the stability boundaries. The tracing algorithm is applied to obtain the trajectories of stability loss points as functions of design parameters. The parametric stability loss is formulated for cases when (i) the design parameters characterize the properties of nonlinear contact interfaces (e.g., gap, contact stiffness, and friction coefficient); (ii) the design parameters describe linear components of the analyzed structure (e.g., parameters of geometric shape, material, natural frequencies, and modal damping); and (iii) these parameters describe the excitation loads (e.g., their level, distribution or frequency). An approach allowing the multiparametric analysis of stability boundaries is proposed. The method uses the multiharmonic representation of the periodic forced response and aimed at the analysis of realistic gas-turbine structures comprising thousands and millions degrees-of-freedom (DOF). The method can be used for the effective search of isolated branches of the nonlinear solutions and examples of detection and search of the isolated branches are given: for relatively small and for large-scale finite element (FE) models. The efficiency of the method for calculation of the stability boundaries and for the search of isolated branches is demonstrated on simple systems and on a large-scale model of a turbine blade.
Improving Purge Air Cooling Effectiveness by Engineered End-Wall Surface Structures—Part I: Duct Flow
Authors: Miao Xin , Zhang Qiang , Atkin Chris , Sun Zhengzhong , Li Yansheng
Published: July 2018

Motivated by the recent advances in additive manufacturing, this study investigated a new turbine end-wall aerothermal management method by engineered surface structures. The feasibility of enhancing purge air cooling effectiveness through a series of small-scale ribs added onto the turbine end-wall was explored experimentally and numerically in this two-part paper. Part I presents the fundamental working mechanism and cooling performance in a 90 deg turning duct (part I), and part II of this paper validates the concept in a more realistic turbine cascade case. In part I, the turning duct is employed as a simplified model for the turbine passage without introducing the horseshoe vortex. End-wall heat transfer and temperature were measured by the infrared thermography. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was also performed using ANSYS fluent to compliment the experimental findings. With the added end-wall rib structures, purge air flow was observed to be more attached to the end-wall and cover a larger wall surface area. Both experimental and numerical results reveal a consistent trend on improved film cooling effectiveness. The practical design optimization strategy is also discussed in this paper.
Development of a Criterion for a Robust Identification of Diffuser Rotating Stall Onset in Industrial Centrifugal Compressors
Authors: Bianchini Alessandro , Andreini Giulia , Ferrari Lorenzo , Rubino Dante Tommaso , Ferrara Giovanni
Published: July 2018

Recent studies showed that a prompt detection of the stall inception, connected with a specific model to predict its associated aerodynamic force, could provide room for an extension of the left margin of the operating curve of high-pressure centrifugal compressors. In industrial machines working in the field, however, robust procedures to detect and identify the phenomenon are still missing, i.e., the operating curve is almost ever cut preliminarily by the manufacturer by a proper safety margin; moreover, no agreement is found in the literature about a well-defined threshold to define the onset of the stall. In particular, in some cases, the intensity of the arising subsynchronous frequency is compared to the revolution frequency, while in many other ones it is compared to the blade passage frequency. A large experience in experimental stall analyses collected by the authors revealed that in some cases unexpected spikes could make this direct comparison not reliable for a robust automatic detection. To this end, a new criterion was developed based on an integral analysis of the area subtended to the entire subsynchronous spectrum of the dynamic pressure signal of probes positioned just outside the impeller exit. A dimensionless parameter was then defined to account for the spectrum area increase in proximity to stall inception. This new parameter enabled the definition of a reference threshold to highlight the arising of stall conditions, whose validity and increased robustness was here verified based on a set of experimental analyses of different types of full-stage test cases of industrial centrifugal compressors at the test rig.
Anti-Jerk Dynamic Modeling and Parameter Identification of an Electric Vehicle Based on Road Tests
Authors: Batra Mohit , McPhee John , Azad Nasser L.
Published: July 2018

Model-based design facilitates quick development of vehicle controllers early in the development cycle. The goal is to develop simple, accurate, and computationally efficient physics based models that are capable of real-time simulation. We present models that serve the purpose of both plant and anti-jerk control design of electric vehicles (EVs). In this research, we propose a procedure for quick identification of longitudinal dynamic parameters for a high-fidelity plant and control-oriented model of an EV through road tests. Experimental data were gathered on our test vehicle, a Toyota Rav4EV, using an integrated measurement system to collect data from multiple sensors. A matlab/simulink nonlinear least square parameter estimator with a trust-reflective algorithm was used to identify the vehicle parameters. The models have been validated against experimental data.
Hamiltonian Formulation and Analysis for Transient Dynamics of Multi-Unit Hydropower System
Authors: Li Huanhuan , Chen Diyi , Tolo Silvia , Xu Beibei , Patelli Edoardo
Published: July 2018

This paper focuses on the implementation of a Hamiltonian model of multi-unit hydropower systems (MUHSs). First, a nonlinear mathematical model of the MUHS is established considering the occurrence of water hammer during the transient process. From the point of view of the energy transmission and dissipation of the system, a novel Hamiltonian model of the MUHS is proposed. Moreover, numerical simulations are carried out to further investigate the effectiveness and consistency of the implemented model. Finally, a comparative analysis is performed to validate the proposed approach against existing methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed Hamiltonian function not only reflects the energy change but also describes the complex dynamic evolution of MUHSs in transient processes. It is also found that the transient dynamic behavior of the system is influenced by the coupled effect of common penstock and the interaction of basic system variables. This study provides theoretical basis for the safe and stable operation of hydropower stations during transient processes.
Joint Formation in Multilayered Ultrasonic Welding of Ni-Coated Cu and the Effect of Preheating
Authors: Luo Ying , Chung Haseung , Cai Wayne , Rinker Teresa , Jack Hu S. , Kannatey-Asibu Elijah , Abell Jeffrey
Published: July 2018

Multilayered ultrasonic welding (USW) is widely used in joining of electrodes or tabs in lithium-ion batteries. To achieve quality joints and enhance the welding process robustness, an improved understanding of the joint formation is highly desirable. In this paper, USW of four-layered Ni-coated Cu is studied to investigate the joint formation at a single interface and joint propagation from interface to interface under both ambient and preheated conditions. The results indicate that joint formation involves three major mechanisms: Ni–Ni bonding with minimal mechanical interlocking, Ni–Ni bonding with moderate mechanical interlocking, and a combination of Ni–Ni bonding, Cu–Cu bonding, and severe mechanical interlocking. Results also show that joints propagate from the interface close to the sonotrode side to that close to the anvil side. It is further observed that the joint formation can be accelerated and the joint strength can be improved with process preheating, especially at the interface closest to the anvil. The effect of preheating is most significant during the early stage of the process, and diminishes as process progresses. The favorable effects of preheating improve the robustness of multilayered USW.
The Moore–Penrose Dual Generalized Inverse Matrix With Application to Kinematic Synthesis of Spatial Linkages
Authors: Pennestrì E. , Valentini P. P. , de Falco D.
Published: July 2018

The paper initially reports about the properties of an expression of dual generalized inverse matrix currently available in the literature. It is demonstrated that such a matrix does not fulfill all the Penrose conditions. Hence, novel and computationally efficient algorithms/formulas for the computation of the Moore–Penrose dual generalized inverse (MPDGI) are herein proposed. The paper also contains a new algorithm for the singular value decomposition (SVD) of a dual matrix. The availability of these formulas allows the simultaneous solution of overdetermined systems of dual linear equations without requiring the traditional separation in primal and dual parts. This should prove useful for the solution of many kinematic problems. The algorithms/formulas herein deduced have been also tested on the kinematic synthesis of the constant transmission ratio RCCC spatial linkage.
Novel Design of Legged Mobile Landers With Decoupled Landing and Walking Functions Containing a Rhombus Joint
Authors: Lin Rongfu , Guo Weizhong , Li Meng
Published: July 2018

During extraterrestrial planetary exploration programs, autonomous robots are deployed using a separate immovable lander and rover. This mode has some limitations. In this paper, a concept of a novel legged robot with decoupled functions was introduced that has inbuilt features of a lander and rover. Currently, studies have focused mainly on performance analysis of the lander without a walking function. However, a systematic type synthesis of the legged mobile lander has not been studied. In this paper, a new approach to the type synthesis used for the robot was proposed based on the Lie group theory. The overall concept and design procedure were proposed and described. The motion requirements of the robot and its legs were extracted and described intuitively. The layouts of the subgroups or submanifolds of the limbs were determined. A family of particular joints with one rotation and one translation was proposed for the first time. The structures of the limbs were synthesized. Numerous structures of the legs were produced and listed corresponding to the desired displacement manifolds. Numerous novel structures of the legs for legged mobile lander were evaluated and listed. Then, four qualitative criteria were introduced. Based on the proposed criteria, a particular case of legs' configuration with a rhombus joint was selected as the best one among them. A typical structure of the legged mobile lander was obtained by assembling the structures of the proposed legs with a rhombus joint. Finally, the typical robot was used as an example to verify the capabilities of the novel robot using a software simulation (adams).
Iron–Chromium–Aluminum (FeCrAl) Cladding Oxidation Kinetics and Auxiliary Feedwater Sensitivity Analysis—Short-Term Station Blackout Simulation of Surry Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Wang Jun , Mccabe Mckinleigh , Christopher Haskin Troy , Wu Yingwei , Su Guanghui , Corradini Michael L.
Published: July 2018

Accident tolerant fuels (ATF) and steam generator (SG) auxiliary feedwater (AFW) extended operation are two important methods to increase the coping time for nuclear power plant safety response. In light of recent efforts to investigate such methods, we investigate both FeCrAl cladding oxidation kinetics and SG AFW sensitivity analyses, for the Surry nuclear power plant Short-Term Station Blackout simulation using the MELCOR YR 1.8.6 systems code. The first part describes the effects of FeCrAl cladding oxidation kinetics. Zircaloy cladding and two different oxidation models of FeCrAl cladding are compared. The initial hydrogen generation time (>0.5 kg) is used as the evaluation criterion for fuel degradation in a severe accident. Results showed that the more recent oxidation correlation by ORNL predicts much less hydrogen generation than Zircaloy cladding. The second part investigates the effects of three different methods of AFW injection into the SG secondary side. We considered three different methods of water injection; i.e., constant water injection into the secondary side (case 1); water injection based on secondary side water level in boiler region (case 2); water injection based on secondary side water level in the downcomer region (case 3). The case of constant water injection is the most straightforward, but it would have the tendency to overfill the SG with excess water. Water injection with downcomer level control is more reasonable but requires DC power to monitor level and to control AFW injection rate.
Performance of Aluminide and Cr-Modified Aluminide Pack Cementation-Coated Stainless Steel 304 in Supercritical Water at 700 °C
Authors: Tepylo Nick , Huang Xiao , Jiang Shengli , Penttilä Sami
Published: July 2018

The choice of materials is of great concern in the construction of Gen IV supercritical water reactors (SCWR), particularly the fuel cladding, due to the harsh environment of elevated temperatures and pressures. A material's performance under simulated conditions must be evaluated to support proper material selection by designers. In this study, aluminide and Cr-modified aluminide coated 304, as well as bare stainless steel 304 as a reference material, were tested in supercritical water (SCW) at 700 °C and 25 MPa for 1000 h. The results showed that all three samples experienced weight loss. However, the aluminide coated 304 had 20 to 40 times less weight loss compared to Cr-modified aluminide coated and bare stainless steel 304 specimens, respectively. Based on scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results, spinel and hematite Fe2O3 formed on bare 304 after 1000 h in SCW while alumina was observed on both coated specimens, i.e., aluminide and Cr-modified aluminide surfaces. Oxide spallation was observed on the bare 304 and Cr-modified aluminide surface, contributing to a larger weight loss. Based on the results from this study, pure aluminide coating with Al content of 10–11 wt % demonstrated superior performance than bare 304 and Cr-modified aluminide coated 304.
Prediction and Measurement of Sealing Properties of Joints Between Wavy Metal Surfaces
Authors: Bourniquel Julien , Lasseux Didier , Rit Jean-Francois
Published: July 2018

The transmissivity of metal-metal sealing joints is investigated experimentally and compared to predictions obtained by modeling. The focus is laid upon a wavy surface contacting a flat rigid part, representative of a seat-to-plug contact in an internal sealing valve encountered in nuclear power plants for instance. Experimental transmissivities are obtained from water leak-rate and pressure drop measurements carried out on a model ring-shape sample seat holding a controlled wavy defect and pressed against a rigid flat plug with a controlled normal load. The sample seat surface is manufactured by face turning a tubular part under radial stress and waviness is obtained after elastic relaxation. Modeling is performed on a three-dimensional finite element model of the assembly, composed of the plug, the sample seat, and its holder. The upper sample seat surface, in which topography is recorded by confocal microscopy, is reconstructed using a modal decomposition on the basis of vibrational eigenmodes. Its lower surface, in contact with the holder, is considered as perfectly flat or with its own defects. The contact aperture field between the seat and the plug is computed for a given normal load and is used to solve the incompressible Reynolds equation with a boundary element method, yielding the transmissivity. Predicted transmissivities reveal to be in good agreement with experimental data at low clamping loads and are overestimated for larger ones. Defects on the lower surface of the seat are shown to have a significant impact on the seat-to plug contact transmissivity.
Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and Extended- Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Analysis of Pressure Fluctuations and Vortex Structures Inside a Steam Turbine Control Valve
Authors: Wang Peng , Ma Hongyu , Liu Yingzheng
Published: July 2018

In steam turbine control valves, pressure fluctuations coupled with vortex structures in highly unsteady three-dimensional flows are essential contributors to the aerodynamic forces on the valve components, and are major sources of flow-induced vibrations and acoustic emissions. Advanced turbulence models can capture the detailed flow information of the control valve; however, it is challenging to identify the primary flow structures, due to the massive flow database. In this study, state-of-the-art data-driven analyses, namely, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and extended-POD, were used to extract the energetic pressure fluctuations and dominant vortex structures of the control valve. To this end, the typical annular attachment flow inside a steam turbine control valve was investigated by carrying out a detached eddy simulation (DES). Thereafter, the energetic pressure fluctuation modes were determined by conducting POD analysis on the pressure field of the valve. The vortex structures contributing to the energetic pressure fluctuation modes were determined by conducting extended-POD analysis on the pressure–velocity coupling field. Finally, the dominant vortex structures were revealed conducting a direct POD analysis of the velocity field. The results revealed that the flow instabilities inside the control valve were mainly induced by oscillations of the annular wall-attached jet and the derivative flow separations and reattachments. Moreover, the POD analysis of the pressure field revealed that most of the pressure fluctuation intensity comprised the axial, antisymmetric, and asymmetric pressure modes. By conducting extended-POD analysis, the incorporation of the vortex structures with the energetic pressure modes was observed to coincide with the synchronous, alternating, and single-sided oscillation behaviors of the annular attachment flow. However, based on the POD analysis of the unsteady velocity fields, the vortex structures, buried in the dominant modes at St = 0.017, were found to result from the alternating oscillation behaviors of the annular attachment flow.
High-Pressure Oxy-Syngas Ignition Delay Times With CO2 Dilution: Shock Tube Measurements and Comparison of the Performance of Kinetic Mechanisms
Authors: Barak Samuel , Ninnemann Erik , Neupane Sneha , Barnes Frank , Kapat Jayanta , Vasu Subith
Published: July 2018

In this study, syngas combustion was investigated behind reflected shock waves in CO2 bath gas to measure ignition delay times (IDT) and to probe the effects of CO2 dilution. New syngas data were taken between pressures of 34.58–45.50 atm and temperatures of 1113–1275 K. This study provides experimental data for syngas combustion in CO2 diluted environments: ignition studies in a shock tube (59 data points in 10 datasets). In total, these mixtures covered a range of temperatures T, pressures P, equivalence ratios φ, H2/CO ratio θ, and CO2 diluent concentrations. Multiple syngas combustion mechanisms exist in the literature for modeling IDTs and their performance can be assessed against data collected here. In total, twelve mechanisms were tested and presented in this work. All mechanisms need improvements at higher pressures for accurately predicting the measured IDTs. At lower pressures, some of the models agreed relatively well with the data. Some mechanisms predicted IDTs which were two orders of magnitudes different from the measurements. This suggests that there is behavior that has not been fully understood on the kinetic models and is inaccurate in predicting CO2 diluted environments for syngas combustion. To the best of our knowledge, current data are the first syngas IDTs measurements close to 50 atm under highly CO2 diluted (85% per vol.) conditions.
Disaggregating Uncertainties in Operations Analysis of Intermodal Logistics Systems
Authors: Thorisson Heimir , Hendrickson Daniel C. , Polmateer Thomas L. , Lambert James H.
Published: July 2018

The data collected on second-to-second operations of large-scale freight and logistics systems have increased in recent years. Data analytics can provide valuable insight and improve efficiency and reduce waste of resources. Understanding sources of uncertainty, including emergent and future conditions, is critical to enterprise resilience, recognizing regimes of operations, and to decision-making for capacity expansions, etc. This paper demonstrates analyses of operations data at a marine container terminal and disaggregates layers of uncertainty and discusses implications for operations decision-making and capacity expansion. The layers arise from various sources and perspectives such as level of detail in data collection and compatibilities of data sources, missing entries in databases, natural and human-induced disruptions, and competing stakeholder views of what should be the performance metrics. Among the resulting observations is that long truck turn times are correlated with high traffic volume which is distributed across most states of operations. Furthermore, data quality and presentation of performance metrics should be considered when interpreting results from data analyses. The potential influences of emergent and future conditions of technologies, markets, commerce, environment, behaviors, regulations, organizations, environment, and others on the regimes of terminal operations are examined.
Position-Based Visual Servoing of a Micro-Aerial Vehicle Operating Indoor
Authors: Efraim Hanoch , Shapiro Amir , Zohar Moshe , Weiss Gera
Published: July 2018

In this work, we suggest a novel solution to a very specific problem—calculating the pose (position and attitude) of a micro-aerial vehicle (MAV) operating inside corridors and in front of windows. The proposed method makes use of a single image captured by a front facing camera, of specific features whose three-dimensional (3D) model is partially known. No prior knowledge regarding the size of the corridor or the window is needed, nor is the ratio between their width and height. The position is calculated up to an unknown scale using a gain scheduled iterative algorithm. In order to compensate for the unknown scale, an adaptive controller that ensures consistent closed loop behavior is suggested. The attitude calculation can be used as is, or the results can be fused with angular velocity sensors to achieve better estimation. In this paper, the algorithm is presented and the approach is demonstrated with simulations and experiments.
Accelerated Vibration Reliability Testing of Electronic Assemblies Using Sine Dwell With Resonance Tracking
Authors: Su Quang T. , Gharaibeh Mohammad A. , Stewart Aaron J. , Pitarresi James M. , Anselm Martin K.
Published: July 2018

In this work, a sinusoidal vibration test method with resonance tracking is employed for reliability testing of circuit assemblies. The system continuously monitors for changes in the resonant frequency of the circuit board and adjusts the excitation frequency to match the resonant frequency. The test setup includes an electrodynamic shaker with a real-time vibration control, resistance monitoring for identifying electrical failures of interconnects, and vibration logging for monitoring changes in the dynamic response of the assembly over time. Reliability tests were performed using the resonance tracking sinusoidal test method for assemblies, each consisting of a centrally mounted ball grid array (BGA) device assembled with 63Sn37Pb and SAC105 solder alloys. These tests show that the resonance tracking method gives more consistent failure times. Failure analysis for the tested devices shows the primary failure mode is “input” trace crack first, followed by fatigue through the solder for complete failure. A finite element (FE) model, correlated with experimental modal analysis, is shown to accurately estimate the circuit board deflection estimated from the harmonic vibration data. This provides a means of estimating the stresses in the electronic interconnections while accounting for the variability between test parts. These fine-tuned vibration measurement techniques and related FE models provide the building blocks for high cycle solder fatigue plots (i.e., S–N curves).
Numerical Investigation of Trajectory and Attitude Robustness of an Underwater Vehicle Considering the Uncertainty of Platform Velocity and Yaw Angle
Authors: Ma Guihui , Chen Fu , Yu Jianyang , Wang Kun
Published: July 2018

The vertically launched underwater vehicle always suffers various hydrodynamic disturbances in its water-emerging process due to the uncertainty of the launch platform motion. Based on the nested sparse grid based stochastic collocation method (NSSCM) and nonintrusive polynomial chaos method, the effect of uncertainty of platform velocity and yaw angle on robustness of vehicle's trajectory and attitude is numerically studied. Results indicate that the uncertainty stemming from platform motion propagates along vehicle's water-emerging process. As the negative horizontal velocity of vehicle gradually changes to positive direction, the uncertainty bar of horizontal velocity presents contracting-expanding mode with an “hourglass” shape while the uncertainty bar of horizontal displacement experiences a “spindle-shaped” one (expanding-contracting-expanding), which is a half cycle later compared with the velocity. The uncertain motion of platform enlarges the uncertainty bar of bottom force via its impact on the gas-leakage process of trail bubble, resulting in the increasing of uncertainty of vertical velocity. Pitching angle (attitude of vehicle) and pitching angular velocity of vehicle persist getting worse driven by the pressure difference between vehicle's front and back sides especially on head part. And their continuous increasing uncertainty bars are formed mainly due to the condition that pressure uncertainty of front side is larger than that on back side, which also leads to the increasing of uncertainty of horizontal force.
Feasibility Analysis of Energy Storage Technologies in Power Systems for Arid Region
Authors: Sreekanth K. J. , Al Foraih R. , Al-Mulla A. , Abdulrahman B.
Published: July 2018

The benefits of energy storage technologies (ESTs) as a step of managing the future energy demand, by considering the case of electric power systems (EPS) in arid regions, were the focus of this study. The evaluation of different forms of ESTs' integration into the existing EPS, especially those with higher potential for solving issues related to the optimization of the power supply and high demands at peak loads, was carried out. Two interactive programs—ESCT and ES-Select—were utilized in the feasibility study that allowed evaluating various ESTs with regard to their characteristics, costs, benefits, which was carried out for the first time in this region. The study analyzed a variety of power ranges within the power system components including bulk generation, transmission, distribution, commercial and industrial, and residential users. These programs were used to address the price and cost components assuming a normal distribution, as well as the cycle life, size, efficiency, cash flow, payback, benefits range, and market potential of 19 important ESTs about the arid region. The obtained data were all combined to verify the appropriateness of these ESTs, which has been followed by determining the optimal use and best probable physical placement of these ESTs within the EPS, by allowing for the economic, environmental, and technical feasibility. The study showed that the compressed air energy storage (CAES) is the most promising option followed by pumped hydro storage (PHS) and sodium-sulfur battery (NaS), based on the technical and economic evaluations of the different ESTs in arid regions.
A New VIV Design Procedure for Marine Tubular
Authors: Lee Li
Published: July 2018

Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a flexible structure is a hydro-elasticity phenomenon. In current VIV design of marine tubular, the effect of structural stiffness variations is not fully accounted for. A new design procedure for the VIV motions of the first mode is presented in this paper. Numerical examples indicate that this new method may provide a safer design.

Paper published with permission.
Anomalous Hall effect derived from multiple Weyl nodes in high-mobility EuTiO
3
films
Authors: Takahashi Kei S. , Ishizuka Hiroaki , Murata Tomoki , Wang Qing Y. , Tokura Yoshinori , Nagaosa Naoto , Kawasaki Masashi
Published: July 2018

We report a nonmonotonic magnetic field dependence of the anomalous Hall effect due to the change of the Zeeman splitting.
Hidden CDW states and insulator-to-metal transition after a pulsed femtosecond laser excitation in layered chalcogenide 1T-TaS

2−

x

Se

x
Authors: Sun Kai , Sun Shuaishuai , Zhu Chunhui , Tian Huanfang , Yang Huaixin , Li Jianqi
Published: July 2018

Ultrafast laser excitation of electronic crystals reveals hidden quantum states with new polaron cluster ordering.
Beating the channel capacity limit for superdense coding with entangled ququarts
Authors: Hu Xiao-Min , Guo Yu , Liu Bi-Heng , Huang Yun-Feng , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can
Published: July 2018

Experimental demonstration of beating the channel capacity limit for superdense coding with high-dimensional entanglement.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Nontyphoidal
Salmonella
Authors: McDermott Patrick F. , Zhao Shaohua , Tate Heather
Published: July 2018

Non-typhoidal
Salmonella
is the most common foodborne bacterial pathogen in most countries. It is widely present in food animal species, and therefore blocking its transmission through the food supply is a prominent focus of food safety activities worldwide. Antibiotic resistance in non-typhoidal
Salmonella
arises in large part because of antibiotic use in animal husbandry. Tracking resistance in
Salmonella
is required to design targeted interventions to contain or diminish resistance and refine use practices in production. Many countries have established systems to monitor antibiotic resistance in
Salmonella
and other bacteria, the earliest ones appearing the Europe and the US. In this chapter, we compare recent
Salmonella
antibiotic susceptibility data from Europe and the US. In addition, we summarize the state of known resistance genes that have been identified in the genus. The advent of routine whole genome sequencing has made it possible to conduct genomic surveillance of resistance based on DNA sequences alone. This points to a new model of surveillance in the future that will provide more definitive information on the sources of resistant
Salmonella
, the specific types of resistance genes involved, and information on how resistance spreads.
Antimicrobial Resistance in
Leptospira
,
Brucella
, and Other Rarely Investigated Veterinary and Zoonotic Pathogens
Authors: Trott Darren J. , Abraham Sam , Adler Ben
Published: July 2018

Leptospira
,
Brucella
, and
Borrelia
are major agents of zoonotic disease, causing high morbidity and, in some cases, significant mortality in humans. For all three genera, prompt diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy are required to prevent the development of chronic, debilitating illness.
Leptospira
spp. are intrinsically resistant to several antimicrobial classes; however, there is little evidence in the literature for development of acquired resistance to antimicrobial agents used for clinical treatment of acute leptospirosis. For
Brucella
infections, there are numerous reports of relapses following therapy, but it is unclear whether this is due to sequestration within infected sites (e.g., bone) or the development of acquired resistance.
Brucella
have maintained their susceptibility to doxycycline and rifampicin, which in combination remain the most common treatments of brucellosis in humans.
In vitro
induced point mutations are described as imparting resistance to rifampicin (
rpoB
) and fluoroquinolones (
gyrA
). The clinical significance of these mutations is unclear. For
Borrelia burgdorferi
, although acquired resistance to some antimicrobial agents has been described, resistance due to bacterial persister cells surviving in the presence of antimicrobial, with no apparent increase in the MIC of the organism, have been recently described. Of the remaining veterinary fastidious pathogens,
Lawsonia intracellularis
is the most interesting from an antimicrobial resistance perspective because it can only be grown in cell culture, making
in vitro
susceptibility testing challenging. MIC testing has been undertaken on a small number of isolates, and some differences in susceptibility to macrolides have been demonstrated between isolates obtained from different regions.
LiMA: a study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of lisdexamfetamine for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence
Authors: Ezard Nadine , Dunlop Adrian , Hall Michelle , Ali Robert , McKetin Rebecca , Bruno Raimondo , Phung Nghi , Carr Andrew , White Jason , Clifford Brendan , Liu Zhixin , Shanahan Marian , Dolan Kate , Baker Amanda L , Lintzeris Nicholas
Published: July 2018

Introduction

Methamphetamine dependence is a growing public health concern. There is currently no pharmacotherapy approved for methamphetamine dependence. Lisdexamfetamine (LDX) dimesylate, used in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and binge eating disorder, has potential as an agonist therapy for methamphetamine dependence, and possible benefits of reduced risk of aberrant use due to its novel formulation.

Methods and analysis

A double-blind randomised controlled trial will be used to evaluate the efficacy of LDX in reducing methamphetamine use. The target sample is 180 participants with methamphetamine dependence of ≥2 years, using ≥14 days out of the previous 28, who have previously attempted but not responded to treatment for methamphetamine use. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either a 15-week intervention consisting of induction (1 week of 150 mg LDX or placebo), maintenance (12 weeks of 250 mg LDX or placebo) and reduction (1 week of 150 mg LDX or placebo and 1 week of 50 mg LDX or placebo). All participants will be given access to four sessions of cognitive–behavioural therapy as treatment as usual and receive a 4-week follow-up appointment. The primary outcomes are efficacy (change from baseline in days of methamphetamine use by self-report for the last 28 days at week 13 and urinalyses confirmation of methamphetamine use) and safety (treatment-related adverse events). Secondary outcomes are total number of days of self-report methamphetamine use over the 12-week active treatment, longest period of abstinence during treatment period, percentage of achieving ≥21 days abstinence, craving, withdrawal, dependence, retention, bloodborne virus transmission risk behaviour, criminal behaviour, as well measures of abuse liability, physical and mental health, other substance use, cognitive performance, psychosocial functioning, treatment retention and satisfaction. Additionally, the study will assess the cost-effectiveness of LDX relative to the placebo control.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia (HREC/16/SVH/222). Contact the corresponding author for the full trial protocol.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12617000657325; Pre-results.
Diastolic stress echocardiography: from basic principles to clinical applications
Authors: Prasad Sandhir B , Holland David J , Atherton John J
Published: July 2018

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) looms as a major public heart challenge with increasing prevalence due to an ageing population. Diagnosis can be challenging due to non-specific symptomatology, low natriuretic peptide levels and equivocal diastology on resting echocardiography. Diastolic stress echocardiography represents a non-invasive option to refining the diagnosis in this subset of patients. Diastolic responses to exercise are most commonly measured with a non-invasive measure of left ventricular filling pressures (LVFP) estimated by the ratio of the early mitral inflow wave to early diastolic tissue velocity (E/e′ ratio). This is measured pre- and post-exercise , and is highly feasible. An elevation of exercise E/e′ >15 is classified as an abnormal response as per current guidelines. An alternative measure of exercise-related diastolic performance, the Diastolic Functional Reserve Index has also been proposed, but has not been as well studied as exercise E/e′. A number of studies have validated exercise E/e′ as a measure of LVFP against invasively measured LVFP using simultaneous echocardiography–catheterisation studies. The independent prognostic value of exercise E/e′ has also been well delineated in a number of studies. While diastolic stress echocardiography can be considered for all patients with suspected HFpEF, it is of particular value in patients with normal or equivocal diastolic indices on resting echocardiography.
Silent sinus syndrome: an unusual case of facial numbness
Authors: Tribich Samuel , Mahoney Colin J , Davies Nicholas W
Published: July 2018

A 49-year-old man presented with a 1-week history of right facial paraesthesia with blurred vision and diplopia. Examination was normal apart from reduced facial sensation. Following appropriate neuroimaging, we considered a diagnosis of silent sinus syndrome. He underwent a middle meatal antrostomy with complete resolution of symptoms. Silent sinus syndrome results from occlusion of the osteomeatal complex, preventing normal aeration of the maxillary sinus. Maxillary sinus hypoventilation typically causes inferior displacement of the globe in the orbit (unilateral hypoglobus). Neurologists will only infrequently see people with silent sinus syndrome but it can have devastating consequences if left untreated and so must be considered in the appropriate clinical context.
Cigarette and smokeless tobacco company smartphone applications
Authors: Navarro Mario Antonio , O’Brien Erin Keely , Hoffman Leah
Published: July 2018

Purpose

Two previous studies indicate that prosmoking apps might encourage smoking behaviour via smoking cues. The current paper seeks to build on these studies and provide an updated overview of the characteristics of tobacco industry-sponsored apps.

Methods

In November 2017, we identified 19 unique top-selling cigarette brands, 20 smokeless tobacco brands, 30 e-cigarette brands and 43 cigar brands based on Nielsen sales from 2016 Nielsen Scantrack data and 2016 Kantar advertising data from the Kantar Media Stradegy database. We searched for these brand-sponsored apps in the Google Play and Apple iTunes US online stores.

Results

We identified four cigarette and one smokeless tobacco brand-sponsored apps on the Google Play store, but none in the Apple store. The apps sponsored by Grizzly, Newport, Skoal, Camel and Winston used the last four digits of the users’ social security number to verify age. The Marlboro app offered another option in addition to providing a partial social security number—providing a valid home address. The main feature of all apps was location-based, time-sensitive coupons. Some apps had additional functions such as additional detailed product information, interactive help menus and games.

Discussion

This paper provides an up-to-date description of apps that are sponsored by tobacco companies. Cessation interventions could consider reminding their target audience to delete these apps to support quit attempts.
Comparison of lente insulin and NPH insulin therapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed diabetic dogs: a randomised study
Authors: Fracassi Federico , Linari Guido , Del Baldo Francesca , Di Cunzolo Antonella , D'Angelo Simona , Malerba Eleonora , Carotenuto Gaia , Bonfanti Ugo , Corradini Sara
Published: July 2018

Clinical studies that compare lente insulin and neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin in diabetic dogs are lacking. This is a prospective, randomised, controlled clinical study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of lente insulin and NPH insulin in diabetic dogs. Thirty client‐owned, newly diagnosed diabetic dogs were included. Animals were randomised into two groups and received lente insulin or NPH insulin administered every 12 hours. Follow‐up re‐evaluations were done at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks. At each re‐evaluation, a physical exam, blood glucose curve, and serum fructosamine concentrations were performed. At the end of the study, the median insulin dose per injection was 0.61 U/kg (range, 0.34–0.92 U/kg) and 0.49 U/kg (range, 0.23–0.68 U/kg) in the lente and NPH groups, respectively. There was a significant improvement of polyuria and polydipsia and glucose concentrations in both groups. At the end of the study, the glycaemic control was considered good in 9/15 (60 per cent) and 11/15 (73 per cent) in the lente and NPH groups, respectively. These differences were not significant. Lente insulin and NPH insulin were similarly effective in the treatment of dogs with diabetes mellitus.
Villgro Innovation Marketing Pvt. Ltd.: Building Last Mile Delivery Model Using Entrepreneurs
Authors: Bhamoriya Vaibhav , Abhishek
Published: July 2018

Ashutosh Sinha is managing Villgro Innovation Marketing Private Limited (VIMPL) as a rural distribution business involving Villgro stores and village level entrepreneurs (VLE). After spending two years in evolving the business model which provides sustainable products to improve rural livelihood, he has recently started selling FMCG products through the VIMPL network. As he decides to expand the business, he has to make choices about the strategic path of horizontal expansion versus vertical expansion. The expansion decision is also linked with choosing the right type of VLEs. The case provides detailed description of VLE operations and examines the challenges in building last mile delivery models using entrepreneurs.