bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGGUNAAN METODE EKSPERIMEN PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATERI SIFAT BAHAN DAN KEGUNAANNYA TERHADAP HASIL DAN RESPON BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV MIN TUNGKOB ACEH BESAR
Authors: Oviana Wati , Maulidar Maulidar
Published: February 2017

The research on the use of experimental methods in learning characteristics of material and its usefulness toward students’ achievements and learning responses of Level 4 primary school students of MIN Tungkob Aceh Besar aims to determine students’ learning outcomes and responses toward the use of the method. This study uses experimental research. The data collection techniques were using test and distributing questionnaire to the students. The samples in this experimental study were students of class IV3 totaling 34 people as the experimental class and the class IV4 totaling 31 people as the control class. The data, which is the students’ learning outcomes collected from pretest and posttest, were analyzed using t-test formula. The data from the students’ questionnaire responses were analyzed using percentage formula.The result was that the students’ learning outcomes from the experimental class and the control class showed significant differences. Students’ responses toward the use of experimental methods in learning material characteristics and its usefulness were also very positive, where the students are very excited and interested in learning to use the experimental method in the study of material characteristics and its usefulness.
Consumer indebtedness of public servants in South Africa: Evidence from the department of health in the North West province
Authors: Moaisi Lesolobe , Ngwenya Sam
Published: February 2017

The primary objective of this study was to determine the consumer debt level of public servants in the Department of Health in the North West Province, South Africa. The results of the study indicate that most public servants rely almost entirely on the public service remuneration to survive and for debt repayment. The results of the survey also indicate that 96% of public servants in the Department of Health in the North West Province are over-indebted. The respondents also perceived their income to be insufficient and thus resort to credit to maintain their required standard of living. The results also indicate that 63% of the respondents have a debt-income ratio above 20%. The reason for falling into debt is mostly due to lack of funds and insufficient income. The most common types of consumer debt found among the respondents included store cards (26%), followed by personal debt from banks (18%), while vehicle loan debt (37%) consumed the highest rand value of total debt among respondents. Personal loans from banks (21%) comprised the second highest debt value incurred by the respondents. It could be argued therefore that most public servants are over-indebted and could be trapped in a debt cycle if no additional income is provided or if they do not embark on some kind of personal financial management education
The perception of sponsorship usefulness among South African small business owners
Authors: Sephapo Catherine Mpolokeng , Wiid Johannes Arnoldus , Cant Michael Colin
Published: February 2017

Sponsorship is a powerful marketing tool that organisations in South Africa are embracing. From the evaluation of the sponsorship growth over the years, the industry in South Africa has developed from a R63 million industry in 1985 to the value of just under R7 billion in 2011 (City Press, 2012). Small businesses in South Africa are faced with the challenge of effectively reaching target segments. These small businesses are restricted in terms of limited marketing budgets and therefore need alternative ways of improving their brands in the eyes of the consumer. Theoretically, sponsorship is considered to improve the brand image of an organisation and ultimately improve sales. However, the question that this study aims to answer is whether small business owners perceive sponsorship to be a useful tool that even they can utilise. The study made use of a quantitative approach whereby a web-based questionnaire was distributed to small business owners. The findings indicated that the general attitude towards sponsorship as a marketing tool is positive. The correlation between sponsor sincerity and sponsorship usefulness was found positive; however, average in strength. Although sponsorship is seen as a useful tool, 15.4% of the respondents indicated that they would not consider using this marketing tool. This response may provide an opportunity for further research to be conducted which may shed some light on the strategies small business owners perceive to be most effective for their unique circumstances
CEO duality and corporate social responsibility reporting: Evidence from Malaysia
Authors: Ju Ahmad Nurulyasmin Binti , Rashid Afzalur , Gow Jeff
Published: February 2017

This study aims to examine the impact of CEO duality on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reporting by public listed companies in Malaysia. Content analysis was used to determine the extent of CSR reporting. A reporting level index consisting of 51 items was developed based on six themes: General, Community, Environment, Human Resource, Marketplace and Other. In order to determine the relationship between CEO duality and CSR reporting, an Ordinary Least Square regression was employed. The finding of the study is that, there is no significant association between CEO duality and CSR reporting. CEOs have little interest to promote CSR as it is not cost free and may lead to loss of individual wealth. The finding of this study implies that dual leadership structure reduces checks and balance and makes CEOs less accountable to all stakeholders. As for regulators, this study will provide valuable input to assist in their continuous efforts to improve corporate governance and social responsibility practices that may promote the interest of all stakeholders.
Inculcating a service culture among hospitality management students through work integrated learning (WIL): A case study of Durban university of technology
Authors: Dorasamy Nirmala , Balkaran Rishi
Published: February 2017

Any segment of the hospitality industry, as a service industry, focuses on the customer’s total experience. This focus is imperative if organisations are to maintain an edge in an increasingly competitive industry that demands added value. Services, both tangible and intangible, can be considered as a customer experience which cannot be recalled. Therefore, the standards for service operations must be zero defects. The establishment of standards and enactment thereof, is an integral part of the conduct of service employees. This article investigates through a qualitative approach how a service culture can be developed among hospitality management students during work integrated learning to enhance teaching and learning. The extent to which a quality service culture is advocated within the work integrated learning component by the Department of Hospitality Management at the Durban University of Technology is explored. It is argued that a focus on the service quality aspects of service in the areas of professional cookery, accommodation, catering and; food and beverage management can make a significant contribution to developing attributes like reliability, helpfulness and good communication. The article further demonstrates that by exposing students to the expected attributes and skills necessary for a service oriented culture, they are made aware of what constitutes “exceptional service quality”, thereby contributing to their learning about the importance of service in the hospitality industry. While work integrated learning is a philosophy of education based on the “theory of experience of the customer” within the hospitality industry, it is also an integral part of the students’ experience.
Executive compensation and corporate performance: Evidence from an emerging market
Authors: Houqe Muhammad Nurul
Published: February 2017

Executive compensation practices suppose to influence the motivational level of the employees and hence affect the organizational performance. The study examines to explore how the executive compensation practices by the Bangladeshi companies affect the corporate performance. The study is conducted on 56 employees of different private organizations of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire is used to conduct the survey. It is found that out of four different executive compensation plan only special amenities i.e. signing bonuses, extra vacation time, special work space, company sponsored club memberships influences the overall organization performance. This study result can help human resource managers of Bangladesh in designing the executive compensation system of their organization.
Corporate governance and stock performance: Evidence from Canadian firms over the period 2005-2009
Authors: Cotter Richard , Dason Jeremy , Niu Jijun , Klein Peter
Published: February 2017

This paper examines the relationship between corporate governance and stock performance using a sample of Canadian firms over the period 2005 – 2009. We measure corporate governance using the Corporate Governance Quotient index, and stock performance using three variables: one-month stock return, three-year stock return, and Tobin’s Q. Overall, we find no evidence that corporate governance is associated with stock performance over our sample period.
Ownership and control structure, corporate governance and income smoothing in Brazil
Authors: Torres Damiana , Bruni Adriano Leal , Martinez Antonio Lopo , Rivera-Castro Miguel Angel
Published: February 2017

Income smoothing is a longstanding practice under the more general category of earnings management. As the name suggests, it consists of smoothing out the fluctuations of the income series. This article examines the association between the ownership and control structure, level of corporate governance and origin of capital (foreign or domestic) of Brazilian companies on their propensity to smooth income. Using a sample of nonfinancial firms with shares traded on the São Paulo Stock Exchange (Bovespa) at the end of 2007, we performed covariance analysis based on data from the preceding ten years, where the dependent variable was the index proposed by Eckel, an empirical proxy for smoothing. The results indicate that the more concentrated the shareholding and control structures of Brazilian firms are, both according to overall capital and voting capital, the more intensely they tend to smooth earnings to favor the interests of the majority shareholder. The results also show that this effect is less pronounced for firms with enhanced corporate governance levels and those with foreign capital.
The value of improvements in measured corporate governance quality
Authors: Berglund Tom
Published: February 2017

This paper analyses data for Nordic listed companies in 2002-2008 to find out whether the market has rewarded companies that have improved their corporate governance systems as measured by the CG –quotient compiled by RiskMetrics (previously Institutional Shareholder Services, ISS). The paper also investigates which improvements have been more important as value enhancers and which ones are considered value irrelevant by the market. Finally the paper looks at whether there are differences between the four biggest Nordic countries in how different types of corporate governance improvements are perceived by the market.
Determining the strength of auditing standards and reporting
Authors: Boolaky Pran , O’Leary Conor
Published: February 2017

This study devises a model to evaluate the strength of auditing standards and reporting (SARS) in individual countries. Drawing from data collected by the World Economic Forum the model’s predictive capabilities are tested in the geographical region of sub-Saharan Africa. Data from 28 countries was utilised. The predictive powers of the model are significant. Eight of the thirteen variables utilised were found to be significant predictors of a country’s SARS. Corporate governance variables and shareholder protection variables were found to be particularly prominent. Evaluation of the results also demonstrates that a country’s SARS does not appear to be linked to adoption of international standards of auditing. This suggests standardised adoption of ISAs will not necessarily lead to uniformly strong and consistent audit reporting regimes across countries
Beta in the Chinese markets: Wanted dead or alive
Authors: Bollen Bernard , Dempsey Michael Joseph , Li Larry
Published: February 2017

The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) states that higher beta stocks are priced to deliver higher returns. Even when this is not the case, however, goods and services that are inherently more (less) sensitive to the economy are expected to display stable higher (lower) betas. By this we mean, that when the economy rises, the underlying stocks of those firms that benefit the most are those that we expect to raise the most, and thereby have higher betas. And, in reverse, for economic downturns. In the present paper, we apply both considerations (higher beta stocks have higher average performances, and higher beta identifies those firms that respond most sensitively to the economy) to the Chinese markets. Our essential finding is that the level of stability of beta found in U.S. markets is not replicated in Chinese markets. Over the period of 1997-2006, the betas of Chinese stocks tend to revert to the mean (beta = 1). Not surprisingly, Chinese betas provide only weak value as indicators of portfolio exposure to subsequent market movements.
Sustainable development in companies: Theoretical dream or implementable reality?
Authors: Naudé Marita
Published: February 2017

The 21st century company faces a range of multi-faceted and complex challenges as part of the daily functioning. In addition, there are increasing pressure and demands from stakeholders and society towards Sustainable Development (SD). Although SD is not a new concept it is clear that there are numerous interpretations at a both a theoretical and practical level regarding the implementation. The author uses a triple-bottom line approach where the economic, social and environmental dimensions are regarded as equally valuable and these need to be implemented simultaneously. This paper highlights the particular challenges which directors and managers face and describes in detail guidelines to enhance practical and realistic implementation of SD within the reality of a very challenging and continuously changing business context.
Are dividends disappearing and is the life-cycle theory of dividends relevant to Canadian stock market?
Authors: Abidin Sazali , Reddy Krishna , Wang Jiani
Published: February 2017

We investigated the dividend payout policy of the companies listed in the Canadian stock market to establish the relevancy of life-cycle theory of dividends among the sample stocks. While investigating whether dividend is disappearing in the Canadian stock market, we analyzed the proportion of firms paying cash dividends as in Fama and French (2001) and the aggregate real dividends paid by industrial firms as in DeAngelo, DeAngelo and Skinner (2004). Our sample ranges from 182 firm-years data in 1997 and to 999 firm-years in 2007. For the life-cycle theory of dividends, we also estimate a firm’s stage in its financial life cycle by the amount of its retained earnings as in DeAngelo, DeAngelo and Stulz (2006). Our findings indicate that proportion of dividend paying firms to total firms is on a decline but the aggregate real dividends of dividends payers is increasing. Our findings support the view provided by DeAngelo et. al. (2004) that dividends in Canadian listed firms are not disappearing. In addition, we report a positive and statistically significant relationship between the probability that a firm pays dividends and its earned/contributed capital mix, thus supporting the life-cycle theory of dividends.
Application of systems analysis and operations research methodology in the execution and control of business logistics processes
Authors: Pienaar Wessel
Published: February 2017

This article outlines the analytical basis of logistics. The concept of logistics management is described in a business context, and its strategic, tactical and operational tiers are discussed. The relationship that exists between systems analysis and logistics management is indicated. The seven consecutive steps in the systems analysis process are outlined. The role and essence of operations research in systems analysis and business logistics decision-making are described. The most pertinent operations research applications in the field of logistics management, as well as the analytical competencies that a logistician should possess, are identified. The role that operations researchers can fulfil in the successful execution and control of business logistics processes are detailed.
Analysis of main instruments of crisis regulation of banking activity during the global financial crisis of 2008-2009
Authors: Afanasieva Olya
Published: February 2017

This paper investigates the role and necessity of system of crisis management of banking activity in present-day conditions. Particular attention is paid to the crisis management that is realized on the level of government and central bank. An overview and comparison of major anti-crisis instruments both in Ukraine and foreign countries is given. The research pays special attention to importance of Asset management companies. It is stated that crisis regulation should have preventive character, oriented at working out instruments and realization of such measures that would minimize the negative effect of external and internal surroundings.
Valorization of potentials of wind energy in Montenegro
Authors: Vujadinovic Radoje , Tombarevic Esad , Karadzic Uros
Published: February 2017

Investments in energy sector are usually long term processes both in construction and exploitation phase, and therefore require many conditions to be satisfied, mostly from legislative and technical sector. While the legislative can change in accordance with economy activities in the country, technical data (on-site measurements) which are the main base for energy facility design, need to be reliable as much as possible. Wind energy has a significant global potential which exceeds the world?s electrical energy consumptions. This paper presents the estimation of wind energy potentials in Montenegro, based on all previous available studies in this field. The wind energy potential in Montenegro is based on a combination of 3-D numerical simulations of wind fields on the entire territory, and comprehensive on-site measurements. The preliminary studies show that there is a potential of areas with high and mean values of a capacity factor about 400 MW, and annual production of 900 GWh of electric energy. The share of wind parks in the total installed power in Montenegro is planned to be about 8%, while an adequate ratio of wind parks in an annual production from renewable sources (large hydro power plants are included here) is estimated to be 11.4%. The paper presents the current state of art in the field of building of wind parks in Montenegro. A particular attention was paid to the legislation framework and strategic documents in the energy area in Montenegro.
The Relationship between Audit Team Composition, Audit Fees, and Quality
Authors: Hossain Sarowar , Yazawa Kenichi , Monroe Gary S.
Published: February 2017

Using Japanese data, we investigate whether there is a positive association between audit team composition based on the number of senior auditors, assistant auditors, and other professional staff on the audit team and audit fees and a variety of commonly used measures of audit quality (likelihood of issuing a going concern opinion and a first-time going concern opinion for a sample of financially distressed companies, the absolute value of discretionary and working capital accruals). We find that the number of senior auditors, assistant auditors, and other professional staff on the audit team are positively associated with audit fees. We find that the number of senior auditors on the audit team has a positive association with audit quality. However, the number of assistant auditors and other professional staff on the audit team are not significantly associated with any of our audit quality measures.

JEL Classifications: M41; M42.

Data Availability: All data are publicly available from the sources indicated in the paper.
Modification of Polysaccharides by N-Derivatives of Glutamic Acid Using Steglich Reaction
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 S. Bandera St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Nagornyak Mykhailo , Figurka Natalia ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 S. Bandera St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Samaryk Volodymyr ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 S. Bandera St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Varvarenko Serhiy V ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 S. Bandera St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Ferens Maria ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 S. Bandera St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Oleksa Victoria ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 S. Bandera St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
Published: February 2017

The work describes dextrin modifications with the purpose to obtain a functional product with an extensive structure of macromolecules, capable to form self-stabilized dispersions in an aqueous environment. To ensure the branching, the modification was performed using the functional agents – N-derivatives of glutamic acid. The substitute in the N-position provides the introduction of the required function. Modification was performed by using the Steglich reaction that provides the progress of the process in soft, controlled conditions.
Methods for Determination of Oil and Grease Contents in Wastewater from the Petroleum Industry
Authors:   Federal University of Bahia, Institute of Chemistry, R. Barao Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina 40170-115, Salvador, Brazil, Cirne Ilma , Boaventura Jaime ,   Federal University of Bahia, Institute of Chemistry, R. Barao Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina 40170-115, Salvador, Brazil, Guedes Yuri ,   Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Macromolecules, Av. Horacio Macedo 2030 - Ilha do Fundao, 21941598 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Lucas Elizabete ,   Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Macromolecules, Av. Horacio Macedo 2030 - Ilha do Fundao, 21941598 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Published: February 2017

Infrared spectrometry and spectrofluorimetry methods were correlated in the measurement of oil concentration in produced water. Furthermore, we compared colorimetry and gravimetry techniques. Adsorption experiments were performed in synthetic oily wastewaters by polymer compounds based on poly(hydroxyethyl acrylamide and polypropylene. The residual oil content was used in the techniques correlation.
On the Influence of Micro- and Macro-Cristalline Paraffins on the Physical and Rheological Properties of Crude Oil and Organic Solvents
Authors:   Petrobras Research Center (CENPES) Petrobras, 950 Horacio Macedo Avе., , Ilha do Fundao, CEP-21941-598, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, de Oliveira Marcia , Vieira Lenise ,   Petrobras Research Center (CENPES) Petrobras, 950 Horacio Macedo Avе., , Ilha do Fundao, CEP-21941-598, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Miranda Luise ,   Petrobras Research Center (CENPES) Petrobras, 950 Horacio Macedo Avе., , Ilha do Fundao, CEP-21941-598, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Miranda Daniele ,   Petrobras Research Center (CENPES) Petrobras, 950 Horacio Macedo Avе., , Ilha do Fundao, CEP-21941-598, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Marques Luiz ,   Petrobras Artificial Lift & Flow Assurance Department, 330 Chile Avе., 70 andar, CEP-20031-170, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Published: February 2017

The influence of micro- and macro-crystalline paraffins on the properties of crude oil and organic solvents was investigated. Micro-cristalline paraffins promote the most pronounced changes in the investigated physical and rheological properties of all tested solutions. The concentration of branched-alkanes in paraffins is the pivotal parameter that promotes these changes.
THE INFLUENCE OF ACTUATION MODELING ON THE ASSESSED JOINT REACTIONS IN BIOMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Drapała Krzysztof , Pulaski Kazimierz , Blajer Wojciech
Published: February 2017

Introduction. Human body biomechanical models are actuated either by net torques at the joints or individual muscle forces whose action around the joints results, by principle, in the net torques. In the model-based inverse dynamics simulation of human movements the assessed joint reactions depend substantially on the choice of the actuation model, which is discussed in the paper. Material and methods. Using the two actuation models, variant biomechanical models of the lower limb, decomposed from the whole human body, were developed. They were then used for the inverse dynamics simulation of a recorded one-leg jump on the force platform to assess time variations of controls (either net torques or muscle forces) and joint reactions. Results. The assessed joint reactions obtained using the model actuated by net torques are substantially different from those obtained by means of the model actuated by muscle forces. Conclusion. The joint reactions computed using the model actuated by net torques do not involve contribution of the tensile muscle forces to the internal loads, and they are therefore underestimated. Determination of joint reactions should thus be based on musculoskeletal models actuated by the muscle forces.
Mechanical properties of nano-SiO2 reinforced 3D glass fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Yildirim Ferhat , Aydin Mustafa , Avci Ahmet
Published: February 2017

Three dimensional (3D) glass fiber epoxy composites reinforced with nano-SiO2 particles at ratios of 0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 2 wt.% and 3 wt.%, were manufactured using the vacuum infusion method to improve the mechanical properties. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermo-gravimetric analysis, particle dispersion detection by color measurement, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping, three point bending and tensile testing were performed to characterize the nano-particle-reinforced 3D composites. Mapping and color measurement revealed good dispersion of the nano-particles. The mechanical tests showed improvement rates of 52 % and 64 % respectively on warp and weft directions compared with the non-reinforced 3D composite. The tensile strength of the nano-SiO2 reinforced 3D woven composites also increased to 6 % and 10 % according to the warp and weft directions compared with the non-reinforced 3D composite.
Humanist Lawyer, Public Career: Thomas More and Conscience
Authors: Curtright Travis
Published: February 2017

Because Thomas More did not introduce grand programs of Utopian policy through new legislation, or modify the fundamental nature of British law with principles of humanist jurisprudence, most scholars regard More as a follower of Cardinal Wolsey’s legal innovations and not much of a reformer himself. This essay will challenge that perception, presenting More as a humanist reformer by examining the importance of equity to humanist legal and rhetorical studies and by showing how More viewed the law as part of the liberal arts.
Thomas More, London’s East Side, and the 2012 Olympics
Authors: Carpinelli Francis
Published: February 2017

In recent years the valuable but decades old publication Thomas More’s London has been supplemented and updated by two other publications: Thomas More’s England: A Guide Book and A Thomas More Source Book. However, except for a few brief comments, none of these publications takes up sites east of the London Tower. Sites discussed in the present study were either definitely or very likely visited by Thomas More, either for personal and family reasons or because of his service to Henry VIII. The sites are within the five modern boroughs now generally referred to as East London or London’s East Side, but not within London during More’s time. This area is the primary location for the 2012 Summer Olympics, so possibly a fair number of those making the trip to London next summer may wish to walk in Thomas More’s shoes by visiting the sites discussed.
Thomas More et le Grand Turc: variations sur le thème des invasions ottomanes
Authors: Bore Isabelle
Published: February 2017

As Europe had been threatened by Ottoman invasions since the second half of the 15th century, humanists such as Vives or Erasmus tried to make their contemporaries realize how frighteningly real this threat was and they called to the unity of Christians to resist the Turks. Thomas More did not stay away from this issue. But, unlike his friends who considered that the Turkish threat was so serious that it deserved as such a detailed analysis, he proposed a quite personal reading of these historical events. He did not ignore the danger represented by the Turks. The invasions were used as the background to his Dialogue of Comfort, several other texts echoed them and, in the wake of his humanist friends, he was in favour of a defensive war. However, More went further. He used these historical events and the terror which they inspired to feed the debate which he held with Luther and the Reformers. Thus, the narrative of the Ottoman invasions quickly took an allegorical form where the Turks became first the witnesses of a theological debate dividing the Christians and where the Lutherans eventually appeared even more barbarous than the Turks themselves.
The Essential Oil of Monarda didyma L. (Lamiaceae) Exerts Phytotoxic Activity in Vitro against Various Weed Seed
Authors: Ricci Donata , Epifano Francesco , Fraternale Daniele
Published: February 2017

The chemical composition of the essential oil of the flowering aerial parts of Monarda didyma L. cultivated in central Italy was analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The major compounds of the oil were thymol (59.3%), p-cymene (10.3%), terpinolene (9.2%), δ-3-carene (4.4%), myrcene (3.7%), and camphene (3.4%). The essential oil was tested in vitro for its anti-germination activity against Papaver rhoeas L., Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg., Avena fatua L., Raphanus sativus L. and Lepidium sativum L. seeds, demonstrating good inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent way. The exposure of the employed weed seeds to M. didyma essential oil and thymol solution (59.3%) increased the level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), markers of oxidative stress, in emerging 5-day-old rootlets.
Evidence of Some Natural Products with Antigenotoxic Effects. Part 1: Fruits and Polysaccharides
Authors: Izquierdo‐Vega Jeannett , Morales‐González José , SánchezGutiérrez Manuel , Betanzos‐Cabrera Gabriel , Sosa‐Delgado Sara , Sumaya‐Martínez María , Morales‐González Ángel , Paniagua‐Pérez Rogelio , Madrigal‐Bujaidar Eduardo , Madrigal‐Santillán Eduardo
Published: February 2017

Cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. The agents capable of causing damage to genetic material are known as genotoxins and, according to their mode of action, are classified into mutagens, carcinogens or teratogens. Genotoxins are involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic degenerative diseases including hepatic, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, arthritis, cancer, chronic inflammation and ageing. In recent decades, researchers have found novel bioactive phytocompounds able to counteract the effects of physical and chemical mutagens. Several studies have shown potential antigenotoxicity in a variety of fruits. In this review (Part 1), we present an overview of research conducted on some fruits (grapefruit, cranberries, pomegranate, guava, pineapple, and mango) which are frequentl consumed by humans, as well as the analysis of some phytochemicals extracted from fruits and yeasts which have demonstrated antigenotoxic capacity in various tests, including the Ames assay, sister chromatid exchange, chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus and comet assay.
Transmission Electron Microscopy of XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates Grown on High Dose of Oﬂoxacin
Authors: Arjomandzadegan Mohammad , Sadrnia Maryam , Titov Leonid , Surkova Larissa , Sarmadian Hossein , Ghasemikhah Reza , Hosseiny Hossein
Published: February 2017

The aim of the study was to investigate behavior of resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates under a high dose of oﬂoxacin and its morphological changes. 19 extensively drug resistant (XDR) clinical isolates of MTB were grown on Löwenstein–Jensen medium containing progressively increasing concentrations of oﬂoxacin (2, 4, 8, 16, 32 mg/L). Ultra-structure analyses of resistant isolates grown on oﬂoxacin were conducted by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fixation was carried out by 4% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer on 300 mesh carbon formvar copper grid. The samples were negatively stained with uranium acetate suspension. All19XDRMTBisolatesweregrownandformedcoloniessuccessfullyon2,4,8mg/L,sevenisolates on16mg/L,andfourisolateson32mg/Loﬂoxacin. Morphologicalchangesandunusualformswere detected in 8, 16 and 32 mg/L oﬂoxacin at 43%, 76.5% and 81% of cells, respectively. Swollen form (protoplast like), ghost-like cell, degraded forms, and in a few cases, detached cytoplasm from cell wall were clearly detected in high drug concentrations in comparison to control. Changes in morphology were increased with increasing oﬂoxacin concentrations (p < 0.05). Some XDR isolates could be successfully grown on high doses of oﬂoxacin (32 mg/L), but with changes in morphology. It was concluded that several magnitudes of the drug doses could not prevent growth of drug resistant forms.
Les congés des pères en Finlande. Négociations et vécus
Authors: Lammi-Taskula Johanna
Published: February 2017

En Finlande, la législation sur le congé parental vise à promouvoir l’égalité entre les genres. Le père d’un jeune enfant a droit à des congés spécifiques, réservés aux hommes (congé de paternité, « mois du père » ), ainsi qu’à un congé dont peuvent bénéficier aussi bien les hommes que les femmes (congé parental, congé de garde d’enfant). Si une majorité des pères peut prendre un congé de paternité de quelques semaines à la naissance de l’enfant, la concrétisation des droits à congé qui leur permet de rester à la maison pour s’occuper seuls et pleinement de l’enfant se révèle moins simple et doit être négociée à la fois entre les conjoints et avec l’employeur. Des entretiens menés auprès de pères ayant pris un congé long, il ressort que les négociations avec la conjointe dépendent de la situation des deux parents sur le marché du travail, mais également de leur conception du meilleur intérêt de l’enfant. Quant aux négociations avec l’entreprise, elles mettent à l’épreuve les limites genrées des besoins de la famille : ce sont surtout les pères de la classe moyenne dont le niveau d’études est élevé qui attendent de leur employeur qu’il leur permette de s’occuper pleinement de leur enfant.
Le congé supplémentaire de paternité au Royaume-Uni. Un échange de dons entre père et mère ?
Authors: O'Brien Margaret , Twamley Katherine
Published: February 2017

Le Royaume-Uni a progressivement fait évoluer les droits des pères à un congé de paternité, même si le congé de maternité britannique est l’un des plus longs (cinquante-deux semaines) parmi les pays européens. En avril 2011, le législateur a introduit un congé supplémentaire de paternité, l’Additional Paternity Leave (APL), d’une durée maximale de six mois, que le père peut prendre jusqu’au premier anniversaire de l’enfant si la mère reprend une activité professionnelle avant la fin de son congé de maternité. Cet article s’intéresse au vécu de cinq pères britanniques qui ont été parmi les premiers à recourir à ce dispositif. L’ensemble de l’étude examine les négociations et les expériences de partage du congé au sein du couple, en partant de l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’« intimité » constitue un facteur médiateur dans les rôles genrés et les rôles parentaux. En mobilisant les travaux de la sociologue Arlie Russel Hochschild consacrés à l’économie du don au sein du couple, il apparaît que les négociations relatives à l’APL peuvent relever d’un échange de dons entre les deux parents.
Association of Social Support and Family Environment with Cognitive Function in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Wang Qin , Yang Zhi-Kai , Sun Xiu-Mei , Du Yun , Song Yi-Fan , Ren Ye-Ping , Dong Jie
Published: February 2017

Background

Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common phenomenon and predictive of high mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. This study aimed to analyze the association of social support and family environment with cognitive function in PD patients.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study of PD patients from Peking University First Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. Global cognitive function was measured using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS), executive function was measured by the A and B trail-making tests, and other cognitive functions were measured by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. Social support was measured with the Social Support Scale developed by Xiaoshuiyuan and family environment was measured with the Chinese Version of the Family Environment Scale (FES-CV).

Results

The prevalence of CI and executive dysfunction among the 173 patients in the study was, respectively, 16.8% and 26.3%. Logistic regression found that higher global social support (odds ratio [OR] = 1.09, 1.01 – 1.17, p = 0.027) and subjective social support predicted higher prevalence of CI (OR = 1.13, 1.02 – 1.25, p = 0.022), adjusting for covariates. Analyses of the FES-CV dimensions found that greater independence was significantly associated with better immediate memory and delayed memory. Moreover, higher scores on achievement orientation were significantly associated with poorer language skills.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that social support is negatively associated with the cognitive function of PD patients and that some dimensions of the family environment are significantly associated with several domains of cognitive function.
A Rare Case of Famotidine-Induced Delirium in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient
Authors: Chan Gary C.W. , Lee K.M. , Kwan Lorraine P.Y. , Mok Maggie M.Y. , Ma Maggie K.M. , Yap Desmond Y.H. , Tang Sydney C.W.
Published: February 2017

H2 receptor antagonists are commonly employed to manage gastro-esophageal reflux and peptic ulcer diseases with a very low incidence of side effects. Herein, we report an extremely rare incidence of famotidine-induced acute confusion in a patient with end-stage renal failure. We also discuss the pharmacokinetic properties of famotidine and its interplay with compromised renal function to result in neuropsychiatric manifestations, highlighting the importance of dosage adjustment in individuals with renal insufficiency.
Kinematic Clues to Bar Evolution for Galaxies in the Local Universe: Why the Fastest Rotating Bars are Rotating Most Slowly
Authors: Font J. , Beckman J. E. , Martínez-Valpuesta I. , Borlaff A. S. , James P. A. , Díaz-García S. , García-Lorenzo B. , Camps-Fariña A. , Gutiérrez L. , Amram P.
Published: February 2017

We have used Spitzer images of a sample of 68 barred spiral galaxies in the local universe to make systematic measurements of bar length and bar strength. We combine these with precise determinations of the corotation radii associated with the bars, taken from our previous study, which used the phase change from radial inflow to radial outflow of gas at corotation, based on high-resolution two-dimensional velocity fields in Hα taken with a Fabry–Pérot spectrometer. After presenting the histograms of the derived bar parameters, we study their dependence on the galaxy morphological type and on the total stellar mass of the host galaxy, and then produce a set of parametric plots. These include the bar pattern speed versus bar length, the pattern speed normalized with the characteristic pattern speed of the outer disk versus the bar strength, and the normalized pattern speed versus

, the ratio of corotation radius to bar length. To provide guidelines for our interpretation, we used recently published simulations, including disk and dark matter halo components. Our most striking conclusion is that bars with values of

< 1.4, previously considered dynamically fast rotators, can be among the slowest rotators both in absolute terms and when their pattern speeds are normalized. The simulations confirm that this is because as the bars are braked, they can grow longer more quickly than the outward drift of the corotation radius. We conclude that dark matter halos have indeed slowed down the rotation of bars on Gyr timescales.
The Statistics of Radio Astronomical Polarimetry: Disjoint, Superposed, and Composite Samples
Authors: Straten W. van , Tiburzi C.
Published: February 2017

A statistical framework is presented for the study of the orthogonally polarized modes of radio pulsar emission via the covariances between the Stokes parameters. To accommodate the typically heavy-tailed distributions of single-pulse radio flux density, the fourth-order joint cumulants of the electric field are used to describe the superposition of modes with arbitrary probability distributions. The framework is used to consider the distinction between superposed and disjoint modes, with particular attention to the effects of integration over finite samples. If the interval over which the polarization state is estimated is longer than the timescale for switching between two or more disjoint modes of emission, then the modes are unresolved by the instrument. The resulting composite sample mean exhibits properties that have been attributed to mode superposition, such as depolarization. Because the distinction between disjoint modes and a composite sample of unresolved disjoint modes depends on the temporal resolution of the observing instrumentation, the arguments in favor of superposed modes of pulsar emission are revisited, and observational evidence for disjoint modes is described. In principle, the four-dimensional covariance matrix that describes the distribution of sample mean Stokes parameters can be used to distinguish between disjoint modes, superposed modes, and a composite sample of unresolved disjoint modes. More comprehensive and conclusive interpretation of the covariance matrix requires more detailed consideration of various relevant phenomena, including temporally correlated subpulse modulation (e.g., jitter), statistical dependence between modes (e.g., covariant intensities and partial coherence), and multipath propagation effects (e.g., scintillation and scattering).
Activity and Rotation of Kepler-17
Authors: Valio Adriana , Estrela Raissa , Netto Yuri , Bravo J. P. , Medeiros J. R. de
Published: February 2017

Magnetic activity on stars manifests itself in the form of dark spots on the stellar surface, which cause modulations of a few percent in the light curve of the star as it rotates. When a planet eclipses its host star, it might cross in front of one of these spots, creating a “bump” in the transit light curve. By modeling these spot signatures, it is possible to determine the physical properties of the spots such as size, temperature, and location. In turn, monitoring of the spots’ longitude provides estimates of the stellar rotation and differential rotation. This technique was applied to the star Kepler-17, a solar–type star orbited by a hot Jupiter. The model yields the following spot characteristics: average radius of 49 ± 10 Mm, temperatures of 5100 ± 300 K, and surface area coverage of 6 ± 4%. The rotation period at the transit latitude,

, occulted by the planet was found to be 11.92 ± 0.05 day, slightly smaller than the out-of-transit average period of 12.4 ± 0.1 day. Adopting a solar-like differential rotation, we estimated the differential rotation of Kepler-17 to be

rd day−1, which is close to the solar value of 0.050 rd day−1, and a relative differential rotation of

. Because Kepler-17 is much more active than our Sun, it appears that, for this star, larger rotation rate is more effective in the generation of magnetic fields than shear.
Level of FABP3, FABP4, Nt-proBNP and Total Cardiovascular Risk in the Population of Central Kazakhstan
Authors: Marchenko Alexandr Borisovich , Nildibayeva Farida Ustarovna , Sorokina Marina Anatolevna , Laryushina Elena Mihaylovna , Turgunova Lyudmila Gennadevna , Turmukhambetova Anar Akyilbekovna
Published: February 2017

AIM: The study analyzed the level of cytokines playing the significant role in the diagnosis of circulatory system diseases and total cardiovascular risk.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 1,244 residents of Karaganda region. We had studied baseline participant characteristics, in addition to calculating the total cardiovascular risk and assessment of Fatty Acid Binding Proteins 3 (FABP3), Fatty Acid Binding Proteins 4 (FABP4) and N-Terminal Prohormone of Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) level.RESULTS: The results showed the combination of high cardiovascular risk (CVR) with increased titers of cardiac markers, reflecting common pathogenic mechanisms in its development, among residents of Karaganda region.CONCLUSION: The combination of high CVR with the increased titers of cardiac markers showed common pathogenic mechanisms in its development, and support the diagnostic and prognostic value of these parameters among residents of Karaganda region, and also reflects the possibility to include these cardiac markers in the program of screening survey of population for early prevention of cardiovascular disease and its complications.
The Risk of Developing Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: A Cohort Study
Authors: Eder Lihi , Chandran Vinod , Cook Richard , Gladman Dafna D.
Published: February 2017

Objective.

To estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in comparison with the general population and to assess whether the level of disease activity over time predicts the development of DM in these patients.

Methods.

A cohort analysis was conducted in patients followed in a large PsA clinic from 1978 to 2014. The prevalence of DM in the patients was compared with the general population of Ontario, Canada, and the age-standardized prevalence ratio (SPR) was calculated. For the assessment of risk factors for DM, time-weighted arithmetic mean (AM) levels of PsA-related disease activity measures were assessed as predictors for the development of DM. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute HR for incident DM after controlling for potential confounders.

Results.

A total of 1305 patients were included in the analysis. The SPR of DM in PsA compared with the general population in Ontario was 1.43 (p = 0.002). Of the 1065 patients who were included in the time-to-event analysis, 73 patients were observed to develop DM. Based on multivariable analyses, AM tender joint count (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.08–2.18, p = 0.02) and AM erythrocyte sedimentation rate (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.03–1.41, p = 0.02) predicted the development of DM.

Conclusion.

The prevalence of DM is higher in patients with PsA compared with the general population. Patients with elevated levels of disease activity are at higher risk of developing DM.
La « maison » des adolescents placés en Maisons d’enfants à caractère social
Authors: Guy Fleur
Published: February 2017

Les Maisons d’enfants à caractère social sont des établissements relevant du secteur social et médico-social accueillant des mineurs placés par l’Aide sociale à l’enfance ou la Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse. Alors que le terme « maison » est présent dans le nom de ces établissements, ils ont la particularité d’être des espaces de résidence institutionnels et non familiaux. La polysémie du terme « maison » est alors utilisée par les équipes éducatives pour gommer le caractère institutionnel de l’établissement ou, au contraire, l’accentuer. Le rôle de la mecs dans l’appropriation affective de l’espace par les adolescents se pense alors en complémentarité avec d’autres espaces, dont le domicile familial. La situation de placement invite ainsi à penser l’appropriation conjointe de plusieurs « maisons » par les adolescents.