bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two-Photon Polymerization-based Laser Direct Writing of Mode Conversion Down-tapers for Physical Contact Fiber-to-Chip Coupling
Authors: Vanmol Koen , Baghdasaryan Tigran , Vermeulen Nathalie , Thienpont Hugo , Van Erps Jürgen
Published: October 2021

We present the design, fabrication and characterization of mode conversion down- tapers printed directly on single-mode fiber tips, enabling high-efficiency physical contact edge- coupling connections to various photonic integrated chips.
Calibrating rectangular interferometer meshes with external photodetectors
Authors: Alexiev Christopher , Mak Jason C. C. , Sacher Wesley D. , Poon Joyce K. S.
Published: October 2021

Multiport interferometer meshes can be used to implement unitary transformations on input vectors of light in both the classical and quantum domain. In practice, the phase-shifters in a mesh photonic circuit must be calibrated to compensate for phase errors due to fabrication variations. Calibration using photodetectors external to the mesh has been demonstrated for triangular meshes, but not rectangular meshes. Here, we propose an algorithm for the calibration of rectangular meshes using only external photodetectors and simulate it to evaluate its feasibility.
Othello as a play-within-the-film in post-independence Indian cinema1
Authors: García-Periago Rosa
Published: October 2021

This article aims to explore the appropriation of Othello as a play-within-the-film in three Indian movies: Anbu (), Saptapadi () and Ratha Thilagam (). Anbu and Ratha Thilagam are Tamil movies, whereas Saptapadi is an example of Bengali cinema. In the three films, the same scene from Shakespeare’s Othello – the murder scene – is performed as part of college theatricals. Although the films immediately associate Shakespeare with education, their appropriation of Othello goes beyond a college performance and provides insight on the main plot. The performance of the murder scene foreshadows the rest of the plot (Anbu and Ratha Thilagam), and explores racial dynamics and miscegenation in relation to the protagonists in Saptapadi. Anbu, Saptapadi and Ratha Thilagam introduce variations to the plot to add new layers of meaning. As the three films are set in postcolonial India, the use of the Shakespearean play inevitably becomes a site of negotiation between colonizers and colonized; the three films negotiate changing controversial political issues across the time period to which they all belong. Anbu, Saptapadi and Ratha Thilagam generate then a new understanding of Othello, which becomes paramount to trace the evolution of Shakespeare in postcolonial India.
Anti-Othellos and postcolonial Others in Izzat and Aastha
Authors: Jayakumar Archana
Published: October 2021

While Indian cinematic adaptations that attempt to recreate William Shakespeare’s Othello have received scholarly attention, practically no work has been done on films that make fleeting references to the source text while questioning its authority. This article aims to fill the gap by presenting two Hindi-language postcolonial adaptations, namely Izzat (1968) and Aastha (1997), that can be read as anti-Othello films. They challenge Shakespeare’s status as a colonial icon in independent India by terming his works as ‘rotting feudal tales’ and by subverting Othello’s murder of Desdemona. However, although men of ‘low’, mixed or ambiguous origins do not kill their wives in these two adaptations, both films still depict the marginalization of caste, class and gender Others. This article will study the tension between these on-screen Others and the anti-Othello stance.
Desdemona moksham: A Shakespearean murder revisited
Authors: Raina Arjun
Published: October 2021

This article examines two performances, Othello in Kathakali and The Magic Hour, concentrating the analysis around two different choices made around a single action: the killing of Desdemona. While Desdemona is killed in the Kathakali Othello, in The Magic Hour this does not occur. The argument in this article differs from a critique that suggests Othello in Kathakali, created by Sadanam Balakrishnan and performed by the International Center for Kathakali in New Delhi, fails to nuance the inherent misogyny in the original Shakespearean text while improvising on its own conventions. A sustained counter argument is presented, which suggests that the design of the performance has enough new elements, fresh codes and reinvented conventions to address the political/racial theme of the story, and that any misogyny inherently lies not in the creator’s intentions, but rather in the Shakespearean text itself. The Magic Hour, on the other hand, negotiates the misogyny in the Shakespearean text more directly and, by choosing not to kill Desdemona, transforms the murder sequence into a scene of liberation, of moksham.
‘You don’t have the right to hit anyone’: Domestic violence in Othello and Omkara
Authors: Ridge Kelsey
Published: October 2021

Alongside the infamous jealousy of Shakespeare’s Othello lies the domestic violence that brings the play to its dark conclusion. Vishal Bhardwaj’s 2006 Bollywood adaptation, Omkara, involves the same issues. The domestic violence, however, is present in different forms. It is a prominent part of Desdemona’s plot arc and an important element of Emilia’s backstory. Dolly’s experience mirrors that of Desdemona. However, Indu’s relationship with Langda is quite different from Emilia’s relationship with Iago. These alterations lead Indu and Langda, though not Dolly and Omkara, to different outcomes from their Shakespearean counterparts. This article contrasts the depiction of domestic violence in Othello and Omkara and examines what is gained through the change in the appropriation.
Microwave Assisted Chemical Modification of Graphite Oxide for Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Siddharthan R. , Mahalingam P. , Kanagaraj E. , Saravanan K.
Published: October 2021

In present work, graphite oxide was chemically modified with boron, nitrogen and sulfur co-doping in
a simple, single step green method by microwave treatment. Borax, urea and thiourea were used as
precursors for doping. Mixtures of graphite oxide with precursors were microwave treated using
domestic microwave oven at 800 W for 5 min. The products obtained were characterized for its
morphology, structure, composition and electrical properties. The results showed that simultaneous
reduction of graphite oxide and doping of boron, nitrogen and sulfur were occurred. The elemental
doping distorts the structure without much affecting the crystalline nature. The boron, nitrogen and
sulfur elements were doped in graphite oxide to the extent of 9.97 at%, 2.67 at% and 0.84 at%,
respectively. The cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies showed
that boron, nitrogen and sulfur co-doped graphite oxide could be a suitable material for supercapacitor
application.
Berberine: A Comprehensive Review on its Isolation,
Biosynthesis, Chemistry and Pharmacology
Authors: Ali Farak , Alom Shahnaz , Zaman Md Kamaruz
Published: October 2021

The isoquinoline compounds from alkaloidal class have been excellent source of important
phytoconstituents having wide range of pharmacological activities. Berberine is a protoberberine
alkaloidal compound obtained from Berberis genus plants which belongs to family Barberidaceae.
Due to its unique structural properties, berberine and its derivatives has been exploited extensively for
its potential uses in various pharmacological targets such as cancer, inflammation, diabetes,
gastrointestinal disorder, viral and microbial infections, neurological disorder like Alzheimer, anxiety,
schizophrenia, depression, etc. This review illustrates the updated information on berberine with respect
to its isolation, biosynthesis, chemical synthesis, structural modification and pharmacological activities.
An extensive literature search were carried out in various search engine like PubMed, Google Scholars,
Research Gate and SCOPUS by using keywords like Berberine, protoberberine alkaloids, isoquinoline
derivatives, pharmacological effects, etc. Prephenic acid is the starting material for biosynthesis of
berberine. Structural modifications lead to generation of various potential derivatives, which earn
patents by researchers. Besides toxicities, the complications of low solubility and bioavailability should
be eliminated. To improve its safety, efficacy and selectivity the berberine should be carefully derivatized.
Prospect of Poly(2-chloroaniline)-Nanocomposite-Silica as Anode in Li-Ion Coin Cell
Authors: Vani G. , Mary S. Jhancy
Published: October 2021

This work evaluates the application of interfacially polymerized poly(2-chloroaniline)-nanocompositesilica
(P2ClAni-SiO2), a composite material based on substituted conducting polymer,
poly(2-chloroaniline) (P2ClAni) in which silica nanoparticles with varying weight percentages act as
fillers. The nanocomposites were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA and DSC analysis.
The electrochemical characterization of P2ClAni and P2ClAni-SiO2 (10 wt.%) were investigated by
cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy and galvano-static cycling electrochemical measurements.
The cyclic voltammogram studies showed broad redox peaks, which correspond to reversibility in
transition of leucoemeraldine to emeraldine form of polyaniline. The charge transfer between electrolyte
and electrode was represented in the form of Nyquist plot. The galvanostatic cycling test of P2ClAni
and P2ClAni-SiO2 showed a discharge capacity of 44.3 mAh g-1 and 69 mAh g-1 for 5 cycles, respectively.
P2ClAni-SiO2 composite shows good electrochemical properties and cycling stability compared to
P2ClAni. The chlorosubstituted polyaniline with silica demonstrate to be an anode material in lithium
ion batteries.
A Study on Distribution of Water Quality Parameters in Potable/Ground Waters of
Visakhapatnam Coastal Region with Multivariate Factor Analysis
Authors: Murty V.V.K.P.L.N. , Machiraju P. V.S. , Shyamala P. , Vinod Kumar A.
Published: October 2021

Chemical components of the earth crust influence the ground water quality. In addition, anthropogenic
activities also contribute in deteriorating the quality of ground waters and contaminate the water sources.
In present study, 22 water samples were collected from the potable/ground water sources in south
coastal region of Visakhapatnam district, India during pre- and post-monsoon seasons and characterized
for physico-chemical parameters viz., pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS),
salinity, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, total hardness
(TH), total alkalinity (TA), bicarbonate, carbonate, chloride, fluoride, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate,
calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium. The distribution of parameters was explained by
Box-Whisker plot. Further Piper diagrams were drawn to identify the geochemical expressions between
the parameters. Multivariate factor analysis was used to assess the degree of factor loadings and to
identify the group of parameters influencing the variance of different water quality parameters. The
analytical data indicated that majority of water samples in the study area have higher concentration of
TDS, TH, TA, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl−, HCO3
− and F−.
Eco-Friendly Novel Synthesis, Characterization of 2,3-Disubstituted
4-Thiazolidinone Derivatives and their Antimicrobial Evaluations
Authors: Pathak Ashutosh , Malairajan P. , Dwivedi Parmesh Kumar , Chaturvedi Devdutt
Published: October 2021

A total of nine derivatives of 4-thiazolidinone were synthesized involving the reaction of benzene-1,2-
diamine with 4-aminobenzoic acid followed by reaction with substituted benzaldehyde to get the
Schiff bases. These synthesized Schiff bases were further reacted with thioglycolic acid to get the
desired thiazolidinones (29-37). In addition to conventional synthesis, the microwave irradiation method
has also been employedfor the synthesis of these compounds which provides not only pollution free
and eco-friendly environment but also excellent yields. The results showed that 2-substituted
thiazolidinone derivatives exhibit good antibacterial activity. It was also recorded that the compounds
containing -Cl, -NO2 group with thiazolidinone nucleus are more active than other compounds of the
synthesized series.
Interkulturális kompetencia és szervezeti mérésének lehetőségei
Authors: Polyák Ildikó , Andrási Gábor , Kéry Dóra , Tardos Katalin
Published: October 2021

A tanulmány az IBS Nemzetközi Üzleti Főiskola mint szervezet interkulturális érzékenységét mérő és fejlesztését célzó kutatási programjának részeként készült. Az alkalmazott kutatás fő módszertani kihívása az volt, hogy milyen mérőeszközt alkalmazzanak a szervezet, illetve az intézményben oktatók interkulturális kompetenciájának mérésére. A cikk áttekinti az interkulturális kompetencia fogalmának alakulását, a méréshez használható eszközök sokaságát, valamint ismerteti az Interkulturális Fejlődési Teszt (Intercultural Development Inventory, IDI) alkalmazásával kapcsolatban publikált tapasztalatokat. A szerzők arra a következtetésre jutnak, hogy az Interkulturális Fejlődési Teszt (IDI) megbízható, és érvényes képet ad az egyének és csoportok interkulturális kompetenciájáról, és ezáltal hasznos eleme lehet a szervezet- és humánerőforrás-fejlesztési intervencióknak.
Az outsourcing és az integráció közötti választás szempontjai, avagy minőség teszi a döntést
Authors: Hauck Zsuzsanna
Published: October 2021

Jelen tanulmány azt a kérdéskört vizsgálja, hogy az outsourcing és az integráció nyújtotta lehetőségek közül adott esetben melyiket célszerű választani. A vizsgálódáshoz a lehetőségek széles körének feltárása, rendszerezése, valamint a fogalmak tisztázása biztosítja az elméleti alapot. Az általános érvényű megközelítések vizsgálatát követően a szerző a gyártás témakörére szűkíti a témát. A szakirodalom legújabb eredményei mellett esettanulmányok tanulságai is nagy szerepet kapnak az új döntési rendszer felállításában. A döntés előkészítésében nagy horderejű, az outsourcing vagy integráció kimenetelére jelentős hatást gyakorló szempontokat, igen-nem típusú kérdéseket fogalmaz meg. Az ezekre adott válaszok előzetes elemzésként szolgálnak annak megállapítására, hogy van-e valamilyen választási lehetőséget kizáró ok.
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Modulator Use Is Associated With Reduced Pancreatitis Hospitalizations in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Ramsey Mitchell L. , Gokun Yevgeniya , Sobotka Lindsay A. , Wellner Michael R. , Porter Kyle , Kirkby Stephen E. , Li Susan S. , Papachristou Georgios I. , Krishna Somashekar G. , Stanich Peter P. , Hart Phil A. , Conwell Darwin L. , Lara Luis F.
Published: October 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Acute pancreatitis (AP) occurs among patients with pancreas-sufficient cystic fibrosis (PS-CF) but is reportedly less common among patients with pancreas-insufficient cystic fibrosis (PI-CF). The incidence of AP may be influenced by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator use. We hypothesized that CFTR modulators would reduce AP hospitalizations, with the greatest benefit in PS-CF.

Methods:

MarketScan (2012–2018) was queried for AP hospitalizations and CFTR modulator use among patients with CF. Multivariable Poisson models that enabled crossover between CFTR modulator treatment groups were used to analyze the rate of AP hospitalizations on and off therapy. Pancreas insufficiency was defined by the use of pancreas enzyme replacement therapy.

Results:

A total of 10,417 patients with CF were identified, including 1,795 who received a CFTR modulator. AP was more common in PS-CF than PI-CF (2.9% vs 0.9%, P = 0.007). Overall, the observed rate ratio of AP during CFTR modulator use was 0.33 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10, 1.11, P = 0.07) for PS-CF and 0.38 (95% CI 0.16, 0.89, P = 0.03) for PI-CF, indicating a 67% and 62% relative reduction in AP hospitalizations, respectively. In a subset analysis of 1,795 patients who all had some CFTR modulator use, the rate ratio of AP during CFTR modulator use was 0.36 (95% CI 0.13, 1.01, P = 0.05) for PS-CF and 0.53 (95% CI 0.18, 1.58, P = 0.26) for PI-CF.

DISCUSSION:

CFTR modulator use is associated with a reduction in AP hospitalizations among patients with CF. These observational data support the prospective study of CFTR modulators to reduce AP hospitalizations among patients with CF.
Classifying Esophageal Motility by FLIP Panometry: A Study of 722 Subjects With Manometry
Authors: Carlson Dustin A. , Gyawali C. Prakash , Khan Abraham , Yadlapati Rena , Chen Joan , Chokshi Reena V. , Clarke John O. , Garza Jose M. , Jain Anand S. , Katz Philip , Konda Vani , Lynch Kristle , Schnoll-Sussman Felice H. , Spechler Stuart J. , Vela Marcelo F. , Prescott Jacqueline E. , Baumann Alexandra J. , Donnan Erica N. , Kou Wenjun , Kahrilas Peter J. , Pandolfino John E.
Published: October 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Functional luminal imaging probe (FLIP) panometry can evaluate esophageal motility in response to sustained esophageal distension at the time of sedated endoscopy. This study aimed to describe a classification of esophageal motility using FLIP panometry and evaluate it against high-resolution manometry (HRM) and Chicago Classification v4.0 (CCv4.0).

METHODS:

Five hundred thirty-nine adult patients who completed FLIP and HRM with a conclusive CCv4.0 diagnosis were included in the primary analysis. Thirty-five asymptomatic volunteers (“controls”) and 148 patients with an inconclusive CCv4.0 diagnosis or systemic sclerosis were also described. Esophagogastric junction (EGJ) opening and the contractile response (CR) to distension (i.e., secondary peristalsis) were evaluated with a 16-cm FLIP during sedated endoscopy and analyzed using a customized software program. HRM was classified according to CCv4.0.

RESULTS:

In the primary analysis, 156 patients (29%) had normal motility on FLIP panometry, defined by normal EGJ opening and a normal or borderline CR; 95% of these patients had normal motility or ineffective esophageal motility on HRM. Two hundred two patients (37%) had obstruction with weak CR, defined as reduced EGJ opening and absent CR or impaired/disordered CR, on FLIP panometry; 92% of these patients had a disorder of EGJ outflow per CCv4.0.

DISCUSSION:

Classifying esophageal motility in response to sustained distension with FLIP panometry parallels the swallow-associated motility evaluation provided with HRM and CCv4.0. Thus, FLIP panometry serves as a well-tolerated method that can complement, or in some cases be an alternative to HRM, for evaluating esophageal motility disorders.
Use of inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor α in women with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Krichevskaya O. A. , Dubinina T. V. , Ilyinykh E. V. , Demina A. B. , Andrianova I. A.
Published: October 2021

Objective: to present our own experience of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) inhibitors (iTNFα) usage during pregnancy in women with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), to assess AS activity and outcomes of gestation.Patients and methods. A prospective observation of 55 pregnant women with AS who met the modified New York criteria of 1984. Fifty-six pregnancies were followed. The average age of the patients was 31.7±4.7 years, the duration of the disease was 132.2±85.4 months. The median BASDAI for pregnancy trimesters was 2.4 [1.2; 4.4], 2.7 [1.4; 4.2] and 2.2 [1.5; 4.0], respectively. 14 women received iTNFα 3 months before pregnancy.Results and discussion. In the first trimester, TNFα was used in 9 (16.1%) patients, in the second – in 9 (16.1%) and in the third – in 5 (9.3%); the median BASDAI for trimesters was 2.3 [1.0; 3.7], 3.4 [1.2; 3.5], 3.0 [0.8; 3.4], respectively. All patients who discontinued iTNFα just before or in early pregnancy had indications for resuming therapy in the second half of gestation. Cancellation of iTNFα at the end of the second trimester was not a risk factor for high activity in the third trimester. There was 1 adverse pregnancy outcome. In other cases, childbirth occurred at 38.9±1.4 weeks, newborns' body weight was 3273.1±435.6 g.Conclusion. Women with AS who plan a pregnancy should be prescribed drugs with the maximum allowed duration of use during gestation. Cancellation of iTNFα before and in early pregnancy is a risk factor for high AS activity, while renewal of iTNFα therapy during pregnancy is not always effective.
Osteoarthritis as an interdisciplinary problem: treatment algorithm for physicians and general practitioners
Authors: Lila A. M. , Alekseeva L. I. , Taskina E. A. , Kashevarova N. G.
Published: October 2021

Modern therapy of osteoarthritis (OA) consists of four sequential stages and includes non-pharmacological, pharmacological and surgical methods of treatment, and also assumes the possibility of collaborative management of the patient by doctors of different specialties, which allows to optimize the processes of diagnosis and treatment. The article presents simple and convenient algorithms, including diagnostic criteria, options for providing medical care, as well as situations (so-called red flags) that require referral of a patient to a specialist, primarily a rheumatologist. It has been demonstrated that the early use of the well-proven SYSADOA in any localization of OA, in particular the combined drugs of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine, can increase the effectiveness of treatment, reduce possible functional disorders, and minimize the adverse effects of analgesic therapy.
Interfaces entre estrategias emprendedoras e innovadoras y la gestión del conocimiento
Authors: Cartaxo de Castro Ahiram Brunni , Medeiros da Silva Pablo Marlon , Cavalcanti Nóbrega Kleber , Pinto Brito Lydia Maria , Pereira da Silva Arthur William
Published: October 2021

This research aimed at mapping the international production over the interface between entrepreneurial and innovative strategies and knowledge management in the ISI Web of Science database with a 20-year temporal cut by highlighting the theoretical and methodological aspects to be explored. It is a bibliometric study in which the data were collected from the Web of Science database and processed through the HistCiteTM bibliometric analysis and visualization software. Through the research it was possible to identify the distribution of publications by year, the journals with the most articles published on the subject, the main authors, the country of origin of the publications, the principal journals, the theoretical gaps on the interface between the themes researched and the main methodological approaches. As a managerial contribution, this research shows the comprehension that the entrepreneurial and innovative strategies and KM must be linked to the business strategies, whereas the business strategy design needs, above all, to take the shape of a learning process overtime, which can be enabled through the organizational Knowledge Management model. Through this research, it was also possible to identify emerging themes on the interface between entrepreneurial, innovative strategies and knowledge management.
Factores que inciden en el proceso de sucesión de empresas familiares
Authors: Jaimes Bolivar Grislyy Damaris , Albornoz Arias Neida
Published: October 2021

La vida de Empresas Familiares se limita en gran medida a la transición generacional (en promedio 30% sobreviven a la segunda generación, 15% a una tercera y 1% a la cuarta). Objetivo: analizar desde la literatura factores de éxito y fracaso del proceso de sucesión. Método: desarrollado desde un enfoque descriptivo. El proceso de revisión documental cumplió las etapas siguientes: definición del objetivo, búsqueda bibliográfica, consulta en bases de datos, establecimiento de estrategia de búsqueda y criterios de selección, organización de información y redacción. Resultados y conclusiones: el problema de la sucesión inicia desde el conflicto de intereses entre los sistemas de la empresa familiar (empresa, familia y propiedad), surgiendo situaciones como: informalidad, disciplina laxa, supuestos de permanencia, nepotismo, aferración, entre otros. Finalmente se desarrolló un plan de sucesión considerando los factores que influyen en el proceso.
Avoidance of ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treatment for >1 Week Due to COVID-19 Fears
Authors: Annabathula Rahul V. , Sinner Gregory J. , Alnabelsi Talal S. , Goodwin Rachel P. , Sorrell Vincent L.
Published: October 2021

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, social distancing guidelines have negatively affected the care-seeking behavior of patients with chronic medical conditions, including those with cardiovascular disease. We report the case of a 60-year-old man with vague gastrointestinal symptoms who waited more than 1 week to seek treatment for fear of COVID-19 infection. On presentation at another hospital, he was found to have had an anterior myocardial infarction, and he underwent percutaneous coronary intervention to stent an occluded proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. Subsequently, the patient experienced refractory cardiogenic shock and, during his transfer to our hospital, refractory ventricular tachycardia, which ultimately proved fatal.
Stability of a class of entropies based on fractional calculus
Authors: Ferreira Rui A. C.
Published: October 2021

In this work, we argue about the Lesche stability of some systems that are motivated by the use of fractional derivatives.
Egy mai elnevezés és a középkor valósága
Authors: Márta Font
Published: October 2021

The territory of Zakarpatska / Kárpátalja now situated in the ukraine, was formulated mostly based on certain parts of four Hungarian counties: ung, Bereg, ugocsa, Máramaros. Th e western part of the former ung county now belongs to Slovakia, southern part of Bereg belongs to the county of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg of Hungary. The southern parts of Ugocsa and Máramaros counties belong to Romania. In the study the changes in the abovementioned counties will be followed on the fi eld of administrative structure, the land-properties and demography during the 13th‒15th centuries.
Karintia legkisebb plébánosa
Authors: Péter Báling
Published: October 2021

This paper aims to represent the life and the historical works of Jakob Unrest, a priest and chronicler who lived in the late 15th century in Carinthia. His life is often depicted in the Hungarian historiography with a controversial topos: the parish priest who lived isolated from the world, yet he was able to write historical works based on wide range of sources. The paper tries to confront this image with the works of the German historiography which are mostly less known and cited in Hungary.
Zrínyi VII. Miklós részvétele a harmincéves háborúban (1642‒1644)
Authors: Ferenc Végh
Published: October 2021

The estates of the Hungarian-Croatian Kingdom, as it is well known, took an active role in the struggles of the Thirty years’ War (1618‒1648) on the Habsburg dynasty’s side. At the request of the monarch, many aristocrats and wealthy noblemen, who had been trained in the so-called small wars (German Kleinkriege) practised along the Ottoman border, raised especially light cavalry units and conducted them to the territory of the Holy Roman Empire. Nicholas VII. Zrínyi/Zrinski (1620‒1664) the Croatian-Slavonian ban-to-be (1647–1664) himself recruited cavalry companies in three successive years (1642–1644), at the head of which he fought in Bohemia and Moravia against the Swedes as well as in upper Hungary against the troops of George I. Rákóczi, the Prince of Transylvania (1630–1648). Moreover, he was appointed as the supreme commander of the Croatian-type cavalry two times. The present gap-fi lling paper primarily aims to clear the chronology of Zrínyi’s field operations in these years. It also reveals his probable motives, the characteristics of the negotiations with the imperial high command as well as the gathering of the troops. The case study will enable us to draw conclusions about the military entrepreneurship of this kind, giving an impetus to the research of this neglected field of early modern military history.
Spatially Adjacent Regions in Posterior Cingulate Cortex Represent Familiar Faces at Different Levels of Complexity
Authors: Afzalian Neda , Rajimehr Reza
Published: October 2021

Extensive research has shown that perceptual information of faces is processed in a network of hierarchically-organized areas within ventral temporal cortex. For familiar and famous faces, perceptual processing of faces is normally accompanied by extraction of semantic knowledge about the social status of persons. Semantic processing of familiar faces could entail progressive stages of information abstraction. However, the cortical mechanisms supporting multistage processing of familiar faces have not been characterized. Here, using an event-related fMRI experiment, familiar faces from four celebrity groups (actors, singers, politicians, and football players) and unfamiliar faces were presented to the human subjects (both males and females) while they were engaged in a face categorization task. We systematically explored the cortical representations for faces, familiar faces, subcategories of familiar faces, and familiar face identities using whole-brain univariate analysis, searchlight-based multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA), and functional connectivity analysis. Convergent evidence from all these analyses revealed a set of overlapping regions within posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) that contained decodable fMRI responses for representing different levels of semantic knowledge about familiar faces. Our results suggest a multistage pathway in PCC for processing semantic information of faces, analogous to the multistage pathway in ventral temporal cortex for processing perceptual information of faces.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRecognizing familiar faces is an important component of social communications. Previous research has shown that a distributed network of brain areas is involved in processing the semantic information of familiar faces. However, it is not clear how different levels of semantic information are represented in the brain. Here, we evaluated the multivariate response patterns across the entire cortex to discover the areas that contain information for familiar faces, subcategories of familiar faces, and identities of familiar faces. The searchlight maps revealed that different levels of semantic information are represented in topographically adjacent areas within posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). The results suggest that semantic processing of faces is mediated through progressive stages of information abstraction in PCC.
Evidence for Layer-Specific Connectional Heterogeneity in the Mouse Auditory Corticocollicular System
Authors: Yudintsev Georgiy , Asilador Alexander R. , Sons Stacy , Vaithiyalingam Chandra Sekaran Nathiya , Coppinger Macey , Nair Kavya , Prasad Masumi , Xiao Gang , Ibrahim Baher A. , Shinagawa Yoshitaka , Llano Daniel A.
Published: October 2021

The auditory cortex (AC) sends long-range projections to virtually all subcortical auditory structures. One of the largest and most complex of these—the projection between AC and inferior colliculus (IC; the corticocollicular pathway)—originates from layer 5 and deep layer 6. Though previous work has shown that these two corticocollicular projection systems have different physiological properties and network connectivities, their functional organization is poorly understood. Here, using a combination of traditional and viral tracers combined within vivoimaging in both sexes of the mouse, we observed that layer 5 and layer 6 corticocollicular neurons differ in their areas of origin and termination patterns. Layer 5 corticocollicular neurons are concentrated in primary AC, while layer 6 corticocollicular neurons emanate from broad auditory and limbic areas in the temporal cortex. In addition, layer 5 sends dense projections of both small and large (>1 µm2area) terminals to all regions of nonlemniscal IC, while layer 6 sends small terminals to the most superficial 50–100 µm of the IC. These findings suggest that layer 5 and 6 corticocollicular projections are optimized to play distinct roles in corticofugal modulation. Layer 5 neurons provide strong, rapid, and unimodal feedback to the nonlemniscal IC, while layer 6 neurons provide heteromodal and limbic modulation diffusely to the nonlemniscal IC. Such organizational diversity in the corticocollicular pathway may help to explain the heterogeneous effects of corticocollicular manipulations and, given similar diversity in corticothalamic pathways, may be a general principle in top-down modulation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe demonstrate that a major descending system in the brain is actually two systems. That is, the auditory corticocollicular projection, which exerts considerable influence over the midbrain, comprises two projections: one from layer 5 and the other from layer 6. The layer 6 projection is diffusely organized, receives multisensory inputs, and ends in small terminals; while the layer 5 projection is derived from a circumscribed auditory cortical area and ends in large terminals. These data suggest that the varied effects of cortical manipulations on the midbrain may be related to effects on two disparate systems. These findings have broader implications because other descending systems derive from two layers. Therefore, a duplex organization may be a common motif in descending control.
Bram Stoker’s Sleep Work
Authors: Dufoe Nicole
Published: October 2021

This paper traces sleep, labor, and attention through the novels of Bram Stoker. Stoker’s sleep reflects a turn-of-the-century fascination with networks of communication and nocturnal productivity. Dracula’s mesmeric sleep—alongside Freud’s near-contemporaneous turning of dreams into “work”—becomes a conduit of information exchange and production, functioning as the web that holds the novel’s eclecticism of genre and voice together and even taking the place of an otherwise absent omniscient narrator.
The World as I found it
Authors: Pop Andrei
Published: October 2021

The first person represented as a subject’s field of vision, as opposed to first-person language, has only been around for a century and a half. Yet the claims advanced by its philosophical inventor, Ernst Mach, are momentous: nothing less than the dissolution of the self into a world of sensations. A closer look at his images reveals less an elimination of the self than a reflection of the connection between subject, world, and others.
Investigação da termoluminescência de alexandrita (BeAl2O4:Cr3+)
Authors: Trindade Neilo M. , Dardengo Stephanie L. , Nunes Matheus C.S. , Ulsen Carina , Yoshimura Elisabeth M.
Published: October 2021

A alexandrita natural (BeAl2O4:Cr3+) é um mineral amplamente encontrado no Brasil e tem sido investigada para atuar como um detector de radiação ionizante (dosímetro) com o uso da técnica da termoluminescência (TL). A utilização de materiais naturais na área, é interessante pelo seu menor custo comparado aos sintéticos, além da possibilidade de atuarem na dosimetria retrospectiva. Diferentes características das curvas TL de sete amostras foram investigadas, como a linearidade, homogeneidade, repetibilidade e fading. As amostras foram irradiadas com doses entre 0,5 – 5 Gy, utilizando uma fonte beta de 90Sr/90Y. Os resultados demonstram que a curva TL segue o mecanismo cinético de primeira ordem, além de possuir uma dose-resposta linear, boa repetibilidade e estabilidade do sinal em temperatura ambiente para até 33 dias de armazenamento após a dose. O ajuste também revelou cinco picos nas temperaturas 355, 405, 445, 530 e 585 K (taxa de aquecimento de 1 K/s). A caracterização química constatou que as amostras utilizadas são predominantemente formadas por alexandrita com uma porção significativa de fases apatita. Em geral, os resultados trazem características desejáveis dos materiais dosimétricos, sugerindo que a alexandrita tem potencial de aplicação na área.
Irradiação de alimentos no Brasil: revisão histórica, situação atual e desafios futuros
Authors: Levy Denise , Sordi Gian M. A. A. , Villavicencio Anna Lucia C. H.
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo apresenta um panorama histórico da evolução do processo de irradiação de alimentos no Brasil, analisando elementos fundamentais que contribuirão para decisões futuras de novos investimentos e o uso em larga escala dessa técnica em todo o país. Esta revisão traz informações precisas de todas as questões regulatórias nacionais estabelecidas nas últimas décadas, introduzindo e discutindo leis, regulamentos e resoluções emitidas por várias entidades, dentre elas o Governo Federal, a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária e o Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. O artigo fornece ainda uma descrição das técnicas de irradiação mais utilizadas e um breve histórico de sua aplicação no setor industrial, explorando as implicações do cenário social e as percepções dos consumidores. Este trabalho de pesquisa tem por objetivo fornecer uma perspectiva mais ampla e abrangente dos problemas que desafiam a comunidade científica proporcionando novas reflexões sobre eventos passados, limitações atuais e possibilidades futuras. Apesar de todos os benefícios para a saúde pública (segurança do alimento), ganhos econômicos (comércio exterior) e benefícios sociais, no Brasil a técnica ainda é subutilizada pelo mercado interno e incompreendida pela população. Novos avanços tecnológicos apresentam oportunidades consideráveis e cabe à comunidade científica estabelecer um programa de comunicação constante, informando produtores, indústria e consumidores.
Computational simulation of low energy x-ray source for photodynamic therapy: a preliminary study
Authors: De Souza Leandro da Silva , Alva-Sánchez Mirko Salomón , Bonatto Alexandre
Published: October 2021

Photodynamic therapy is a therapeutic modality capable of selectively inducing cytotoxic effects in malignant cells. Such effects are obtained by using a laser or a lamp as a light source to irradiate a previously-delivered photosensitizer into the tumoral cells. Since clinical application of photodynamic therapy depends on light penetration, lasers and lamps can only be used for shallow tissue treatment. To overcome this limitation, x-ray induced photodynamic therapy has been recently proposed. The goal of this work is to investigate the x-ray interactions in a medium containing a homogeneous concentration of distinct photosensitizers. This is achieved by evaluating the relative doses and energy spectra, obtained at distinct depths by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Preliminary results for the relative dose showed a minor dose increase, of approximately 0.15%, when photosensitizers are used. In addition, x-ray interactions with the investigated photosensitizers mostly occur from photons with energies below 60 keV.
Assessment of heavy metal concentration in ipomoea batatas and spinach consumed in Zanzibar by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF)
Authors: Salum Salum kombo , Suleiman Suleiman ameir , Kimaro Ebenezer , Chuma Furaha
Published: October 2021

This work aimed to assess the levels of heavy metal concentration in ipomoea batatas and spinach associated with uncontrolled municipal waste, motor vehicles fumes, pesticides and fertilizer in the urban west region, in Zanzibar. Twenty samples were randomly collected in local markets and three farms located along a roadside in the urban west region. The samples were analysed using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence method at Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission in Arusha. Essential and toxic elements: Mn, Cu, Fe, As, Zn, Pb, and Ni were detected in both ipomoea batatas and spinach. Ipomoea batatas was found to have a higher concentration of Cr, Fe, Cd and Zn while spinach had a higher concentration of Ni, Cr and Zn. The essential elements concentrations of vegetables analysed in the current study were found within safety baseline levels for human consumption. However, the concentration levels of toxic elements were above FAO/WHO permissible limits. The higher concentration levels of toxic elements in ipomoea batatas and spinach might be associated with contamination of municipal waste, chicken manure, motor vehicles fumes or pesticides. Therefore, vegetable cultivation along a roadside in the urban west region in Zanzibar and the use of fertilizer and chicken manure in vegetables introducing high levels of heavy metals in the food chain.
Human factors engineering and participatory design in the project of a nuclear research reactor control centre
Authors: Farias Larissa Pereira , Dos Santos Isaac Antônio Luquetti , De Carvalho Paulo Victor Rodrigues , Monteiro Beany Guimaraes
Published: October 2021

The Human Factors Engineering (HFE) program is an essential aspect for the design of nuclear installations. The overall aim of the HFE program is the improvement of the operational reliability and safety of plant operation. The HFE program main purpose is to ensure that human factor practices are incorporated into the plant design, emphasizing man-machine interface issues and design improvement of the nuclear reactor Control Centre. The Control Centre of nuclear reactor is a combination of control rooms, control suites and local control stations, which are functionally connected and located on the reactor site. The objective of this paper is to present a participatory design approach, including human factor issues, for the Control Centre of a nuclear research reactor used to produce radioisotopes and for nuclear research. The design approach is based on participatory design principles, using human factor standards, ergonomic guidelines, and the participation of a multidisciplinary team during all design phases. Using the information gathered, an initial sketch 3D of the Control Centre was developed.
Scientific knowledge management about Monte Carlo method: a bibliometric analysis on IRD Postgraduate Program in Radiation Protection and Dosimetry
Authors: AMORIM FELIPE DO CARMO , FILHO PEDRO PACHECO DE QUEIROZ , Razuck Fernando Barcellos
Published: October 2021

With technological advances in several research areas of science, it is becoming increasingly common to use computer programs to solve problems. Some of these programs are based on statistical analysis and simulation of reality, such as the Monte Carlo Method (MC). The MC is a statistical tool widely used in different areas of knowledge, as a resource for simulating events that involve from financial assessments to the interaction of radiation with matter. Thereby, surveys with radiation sources, for example, are constantly evolving to study the question of radiation protection. In this sense, this paper has as main objective to verify the relevance of the MC for the area of radiation protection, analyzing the studies that apply the method in the Postgraduate Program (PPG) in Radiation Protection and Dosimetry of Institute of Radiation Protection and Dosimetry (IRD). This is because it is understood thatthrough the application of Scientific Knowledge Management (SKM) the construction of knowledge happens through an exchange of scientific information, that is, exchange of relevant contents that help in the preservation of knowledge.In this sense, a bibliometric analysis of the dissertations and theses deposited in Brazilian bank was made using the search term "Monte Carlo" and its respective programs (PENELOPE, GEANT4, EGSnrc, MCNP and Visual Monte Carlo), to be found in the title, abstract or keywords. With the identification of works carried out in all areas of concentration of the PPG, it is understood that the MC is extremely relevant for studies in the area of radiation protection.
Features of the use of legal terminology in the countries of the European Union
Authors: Lazariev Viktor
Published: October 2021

The article examines the issue of the peculiarities of the use of legal terminology in the countries of the European Union. It is emphasized, that the reform of domestic legislation and its approximation to world standards requires thorough research of European legislation. In particular, the cornerstone of today's challenge is the proper use and common approaches to the use of legal terminology. That is why theoretical research on the peculiarities of the use of legal terminology in the legislation of the European Union is necessary to properly improve domestic legislation and avoid mistakes and misunderstandings in the future.
Emphasis is placed on the fact that domestic and foreign researchers have not developed a unified approach to understanding the term "terminology". That is why this term is used in three different meanings. It is also noted, that the category "term" is not new and has been in the field of view of researchers for a long time, but its direct study has only recently begun.
It is noted, that legal terminology is considered as technical, i.e.it is the most noticeable and striking linguistic feature of legal language. In this sense, legal terminology is used to denote concepts that belong to the legal field.
It is emphasized that, in contrast to the systemic languages, used in national texts, the European Union resorts to a form of "cultural communication", governed by multilingualism. Such communication is considered cultural because it is not rooted in any of the national cultures of the EU Member States. Legal acts, adopted by the EU institutions, which are to be applied and enforced in all Member States, must avoid cultural specificities and, therefore, the concepts or terminology specific to any one national legal system must be used with caution
On farm performance of different weed control methods of wheat in front line demonstrations in Hathras district of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Singh Shyam
Published: October 2021

Present study entitled “On farm performance of different weed control methods of wheat in front line demonstrations in Hathras district of Uttar Pradesh” was conducted during two consecutive Rabi seasons of years 2012-13 and 2013-14 at farmer’s fields of district Hathras, to find out the best suitable weed control method of wheat for the area. Front line demonstrations (FLDs) on wheat crop were conducted on an area of 12.8 ha with active participation of 32 farmers of 23 different villages with improved technologies composed HD-2967 variety and recommended package of practices. Two different weed control technologies viz., Sulfosulfuron 75 WG + Metsulfuron 5 WG @ 30 g a.i./ha at 35 DAS and Sulfosulfuron 75 WG @ 25g a.i/ha at 30 DAS + one hand weeding at 45 DAS, were demonstrated. The results revealed that both the treatment gave higher grain yield, gross return and net return as compared to farmers practice (Sulfosulfuron 75 WG @33.3 g/ha at 40 DAS). The maximum grain yield (47.40q/ha with HI of 40.79%) was obtained during the year 2013-14 when Sulfosulfuron 75 WG @ 25g a.i/ha at 30 DAS + one hand weeding at 45 DAS was applied which was 20.90 per cent higher than the yield of farmers practice. This was followed by treatment of Sulfosulfuron 75 WG + Metsulfuron 5 WG @ 30 g a.i./ha at 35 DAS which gave yield of 47.20q/ha with an increment of 17.12 per cent over farmers practice. The similar trend was also reported for biological yield of wheat. Economic analysis of different weed control methods also showed the highest net returns (INR. 45072 ha-1) for application of Sulfosulfuron 75 WG @ 25g a.i/ha at 30 DAS + one hand weeding at 45 DAS treatment. Among the demonstrated technologies, both were found effective to weed management and profitable over farmers practice. The increment in net return due to weed control treatments was recorded highest (31.89%) during the year 2013-14 when Sulfosulfuron 75 WG @ 25g a.i/ha at 30 DAS + one hand weeding at 45 DAS was applied which also gave the maximum increase in gross return of Rs. 5.7 per rupee additionally invested. It was concluded that one hand weeding at 45 DAS should be done with application of Sulfosulfuron 75 WG @33.3 g/ha or premixed weedicide Sulfosulfuron 75 WG + Metsulfuron 5 WG @ 30 g a.i./ha at 35 DAS should be used for obtaining higher grain yield, straw yield, gross and net income with higher B: C ratio from wheat under Hathras conditions of Uttar Pradesh.