bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal Implications for Parties Who Display Inappropriate Content Through Social Media Platforms (Copyright Study)
Authors: Perdana Satria , . Saidin , Ginting Budiman , Keizerina Devi T.
Published: January 2024

Copyright is one of the rights included in protected intellectual property rights. One form of creation protected by the expert is the work of photography and cinematography. However, it is known that with the development of existing technology, works in the form of photography and cinematography are often used by other parties/people by showing and/or uploading the work to social media without permission from the creator himself. It is not uncommon for the photography and cinematography created to have economic value. Another problem arises when it turns out that the photography and cinematography created contain immoral elements. Therefore, a more in-depth study is needed regarding the legal implications of uploading photography and cinematography without the author’s permission and the limits given by the norms of decency in producing the creation itself. Based on the research results, it is known that the legal responsibility of the party who shows photography and cinematography without the author’s permission on social media platforms, namely if the action is to obtain economic/commercial benefits. It is proven that if the creator suffers economic losses, then the perpetrator can be charged compensation. This type of research is normative juridical/normative legal research, which uses secondary data by processing data derived from legal materials, namely primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Study data were collected through documents and qualitative analysis.
Keywords: copyright, intellectual property rights, information and electronic transaction law, photography, cinematography, social media
Analysis of the Mechanism for Dismissal of Judges of the Constitutional Court by the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia
Authors: Anogara Surya , Ferdiansyah Mochammad , Esfandiari Fitria , . Sumali
Published: January 2024

The Constitutional Court Law has regulated mechanisms related to the dismissal of constitutional judges. However, in practice, Constitutional Court judges can be dismissed unilaterally by the House of Representatives. This is not based on existing legal provisions regarding the dismissal of Constitutional Court judges. The formulation of the problem in this study is to analyze the mechanism for dismissing judges of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia by the House of Representatives and the juridical implications. This research aimed to find out and analyze the mechanism of dismissal of constitutional judges by the DPR RI and find out its juridical implications. The research method used is normative juridical research method. The results of this study are first, the mechanism for dismissing judge Aswanto carried out by the DPR that has violated the mechanism for dismissing judges contained in the Constitutional Court law. Therefore, the dismissal carried out by the DPR is contrary to the law. Second, the juridical implications, among others, will become a precedent for other proposing institutions to carry out the dismissal of Constitutional Court judges, reducing the independence of the Constitutional Court. The Honorary Council of the Constitutional Court cannot play a major role in the mechanism for dismissing MK judges.
Keywords: mechanism, dismissal, constitutional judge, constitutional court
Additional Sanction as an Effort to Restore the Environment Due to Land Fires
Authors: Mubarak Ridho , Syahrin Alvi , . Marlina , Danil Elwi
Published: January 2024

Environmental damage in Indonesia has directly impacted human life, one of which is forest/land fires. Burning forests and land can be considered a form of crime because the action has an impact that can harm the interests of many people. Perpetrators of forest and land fire crimes can be subject to two types of sanctions, namely the main criminal sanctions and additional sanctions. This study aimed to discuss how to apply additional punishment in environmental crimes due to land fires. The study’s approach used to conduct this study is of normative law studies. This method focuses on analyzing positive and general legal principles. The application of additional criminal sanctions in Law Number 32 of 2009 is an additional penalty to cover the deficiencies of the principal criminal. Where the maximum fine sanction has a special maximum provision that is less than how much money lost or incurred because of additional criminal acts. The Act for Environmental Management and Protection verbally expressively accommodates the concept of a double-track system, namely the imposition of criminals and additional criminal sanctions simultaneously on perpetrators of environmental crimes. If additional criminal sanctions, in the form of recovery, cannot be carried out by corporations, then additional criminal sanctions that are equivalent and repressive in the form of confiscating assets or closing all or part of business activities can be used as suspension of sanctions.
Keywords: additional penal, environment recovery, fire
Use of the Language Power in Law Enforcement: A Forensic Linguistic Review
Authors: Oktaviani Adelia , Marbun Rocky , Bambang Hermanto Asep
Published: January 2024

This article aims to increase knowledge and insight into the language of power in law enforcement. Media is a means of communication to convey a message or opinion to a large audience. The language commonly used in the media often looks a little impolite or even tends to be rude. It seems that people pay less attention to the language used, hence they are not aware that their words or writing may be demanded by other readers. In this research, a qualitative descriptive method is used semantically, because the writer focuses on researching the meanings of the language used. In this case, what is meant by focusing on the meaning of research is that this research will interpret the data one by one to get the results of the research. Research data is limited to one source, namely the Novel (Dari Balik Lima Jeruji). This research is forensic linguistic research and was analyzed combining two ways, namely linguistically and legally. Linguistic analysis in this study is only limited semantically, while legal analysis uses the law. The results of this study show that there is an abuse of the language of power by law enforcement officials in upholding the law.
Keywords: media, linguistic, forensic, dispensation of justice
Legal Protection of Creditors Constitutional Rights as Citizens Due to Debtor Insolvency
Authors: Marpi Yapiter , Wiwoho Jamal , . Pujiyono
Published: January 2024

Creditor legal protection against debtor bankruptcy is based on bankruptcy law. Circumstances in which the debtor’s assets are insufficient to fulfill his payment obligations. Meanwhile, the definition of bankruptcy is universal confiscation of all liquidation assets, the release of which is attempted by a curator. based on Law Number 37 of the Republic of Indonesia, 2004, will split suspension of payment obligations. The debtor defaults only if the total amount owed exceeds the value of the asset. Bankruptcy-free maturity requirements are required as a bankruptcy condition so that the law does not state bankruptcy status as a bankruptcy condition, providing legal protection and legal basis. The study found that efforts to obtain legal protection for creditors include providing preventive legal protection aimed at preventing violations against creditors in the event of a bankrupt debtor, from payment obligations. Legal protection includes the principles of law, equality, Paribas, structured debt, debt collection, the universal principle, and the principle of legal justice, especially in Indonesian bankruptcy.
Keywords: legal protection, creditors, insolvency, bankruptcy
Strengthening the Open Proportional Election System after the Constitutional Court Decision Number 114/PUU-XX/2022 from the Perspective of People's Sovereignty
Authors: Wido Haruni Catur , Esfandiari Fitria
Published: January 2024

The focus of this research is the open proportional election system after the Constitutional Court Decision Number 114/PUU-XX/2022. This study aimed to analyze the legal implications of Constitutional Court Decision Number 114/PUU-XX/2022 from the perspective of people’s sovereignty. Research methods with a normative approach were analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results showed that the basis for consideration of the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 114/PUU-XX/2022, as the Petitioners’ application is not grounded in law in its entirety. The Constitutional Court rejected the arguments presented considering its ruling, the Constitutional Court used textual interpretation or original intent and systematic interpretation. The Constitutional Court considered the open proportional election system closer to the concept of elections in the 1945 NRI Constitution. The constitution mandates consideration of the Constitutional Court is still very relevant, especially in terms of continuing to apply the open proportional system. The legal implications of the Constitutional Court decisions are legal certainties of election implementation, strengthening the open proportional election system, and increasing. Suggestions to ensure legal certainty, vote laws are not often changed, and changes to an electoral system are adjusted to the dynamics and needs of conducting elections, as well as the real needs of the community as holders of popular sovereignty
Keywords: general elections, electoral system, people’s sovereignty
Is Marriage Age Restriction Un-Islamic? (Comparative Study of Indonesia and Pakistan with Gender Perspective)
Authors: Retnowulandari Wahyuni , Indrasti Maya , Fitriliani Yulia
Published: January 2024

Like a recent epidemic, child marriages are prevalent not only in Indonesia but also in Pakistan. Even though both countries have ratified CEDAW and have laws and regulations governing the age of marriage. However, the BPS data (2020-2022) shows that the number of underage marriages are still high in several regions, with up to 34,000 applicants for marriage dispensation in 2022 in Indonesia. Likewise, the phenomenon also occurs in Pakistan, as its Human Rights Commission in Lahore in 2022 stated that at least 99 cases of child marriage were reported to them. Why is it difficult for the two countries to suppress the number of child marriages? Is it because the age limit for marriage is not Islamic? And what are the countermeasures from a gender perspective? Using the comparative method of laws in Indonesia and Pakistan from secondary sources, it can be concluded that these two countries are predominantly Muslim. Although the legal systems used in both countries are plural, where the law of marriage is still strong in Islamic law, and regarding the application of the marriage age, both the countries have attempted to have an age limit. Even though in the Islamic conception there is no age limit for marriage and only aqil and baliq are required, which according to most scholars stipulate that the age of aqil baliq is not the same as one another. This shows that the age limit for marriage is very Islamic because it is for the benefit of the child. Apart from that social culture poverty and promiscuity also contributed to the increase in the number of underage marriages. Therefore, it is necessary to fulfill the legal awareness of all parties, especially law enforcement in overcoming the negative impact on children’s rights (especially girls).
Keywords: underage marriage, Islamic concept, children’s rights, gender perspective, comparative law
The Legal Framework for Personal Data Protection in the Digital Era as Fulfillment of Privacy Rights in Indonesia
Authors: Zakaria Said Wachdin Syarif , Amalina Putri Adytia Nur , Said Said
Published: January 2024

In this digital era, several aspects of our lives are made easier because of the presence and development of technology. One of the examples of it is the creation of various kinds of electronic systems, whether in the form of applications, websites, or portals. In using the systems, the personal data of users is usually required for each of these electronic systems. Personal data is usually used as an identity which is needed to identify a person in the process of the electronic system. Moreover, personal data is considered a sensitive matter since it concludes the information related to a person’s identity, while this information is part of the right to privacy. It is undeniable that a person’s data can be used by irresponsible parties who can harm the owner’s data, especially regarding their privacy rights. Therefore, legal protection is needed for this data, especially in the digital era in which personal data is widely used for various purposes such as electronic systems need or purposes. This study aims to find out and analyze the ideal protection and regulation of legal concepts related to personal data as the fulfillment of privacy rights in the digital era in Indonesia.
Keywords: legal framework, personal data, privacy rights
Looking at the Possibility of Implementing Green Economy Policies Through the Legal Framework of Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Hidayah Nur Putri , Rahadiyan Inda , Indri Hapsari Dwi Ratna , Anggraeny Isdian , Al-fatih Sholahuddin
Published: January 2024

Green economy policies must be encouraged so that welfare can be improved without sacrificing environmental sustainability which is the capital of the lives of future generations. This paper aims to see the possibility of implementing a green economy through the legal framework of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The method used is a normative legal research method. The results show that the implementation of the green economy concept within the CSR framework can only be implemented if regulatory weaknesses to the implementation of CSR in Indonesia can be overcome, including strengthening legal instruments, the existence of sanctions, expanding the subject of CSR implementation, the establishment of assessment and supervisory bodies so that the implementation of CSR for entrepreneurs is carried out optimally and consistently, to CSR technical references.
Keywords: Green Economy; Corporate Social Responsibility; Framework.
Intelligence Function in Preventing Corruption: Indonesian Prosecutor's Office and Strategic Development Security
Authors: Rangkuti Irvino , Syahrin Alvi , Mulyadi Mahmud , Suseno Sigid
Published: January 2024

The prevention of corruption crimes involves both repressive and preventive measures. The Indonesian Public Prosecutor’s Office implements preventive efforts through various stages of intelligence functions. To enhance these efforts, the Attorney General’s Office of Indonesia introduced the Security for Strategic Development - Regional Investment program. This study aims to determine the legal status and certainty of the technical guidelines on security for strategic development and regional investments in the context of anti-corruption measures. It is a prescriptive legal study that employs descriptive analysis and a legal approach, considering various laws and regulations. Data collection includes library and field research surveys, documentary studies, and interviews. Qualitative analysis reveals that the strategic development and technical guidelines for security of local investments align with Law No. 16 of 2004 concerning the Attorney General’s Office of the Republic of Indonesia, Law No. 17 of 2011 concerning State Intelligence, and the Regulation of the Attorney General No. PER-006/A/JA/07/2017 concerning the organization and work procedure of the Indonesian Prosecutor’s Office. However, the authority to prevent corruption was not explicitly stated in the 2004 Attorney General’s Law, and thus, adjustments were made through B-484/D/Dpp/03/2020, dated March 12, 2020, based on Law No. 11 of 2021 concerning the Indonesian Attorney General’s Office to ensure legal certainty in anti-corruption efforts.
Keywords: attorney, intelligence function, strategic development security
Problems and Settlement of Transfer of Accounts Receivable Through Cessie Against Bad Credit
Authors: Anggraeny Isdian , Hidayah Nur Putri , Indri Hapsari Dwi Ratna , Azizah Diva Ainunn
Published: January 2024

Cessie is a method of solving loan problems for default debtors. Through Cessie there is a transfer of receivables originating from debtors to new creditors. However, the legal facts that occurred, in the process of implementing the Cessie also experienced legal problems. Therefore, this writing with an empirical juridical approach will identify other legal problems that arise in Cessie and analyze the legal settlement of Cessie problems that occur in state-owned banks. Based on the studies that have been done, it is concluded that the legal problems that occur are creditors who secretly transfer their receivables through a Cessie to other new creditors, even though this is normatively justified in Article 613 of the Civil Code. However, in fact, the debtor’s denial and non-approval often occur, causing new problems with new creditors. The settlement efforts made by BUMN Banks in this problem are by giving a warning letter to the debtor.
Keywords: Cessie, bad credit, accounts receivable
Formulation of Specific Personal Data Protection in Relation to Court Decisions
Authors: Amelia Tina , Rohman Holilur
Published: January 2024

This research aims to examine and analyze the actualization of specific personal data protection in the context of court decisions. In the digital era and with the advancement of information technology, the protection of personal data has become an increasingly important and relevant issue. However, there is a need to further understand how specific personal data protection is realized and implemented in the context of court decisions. This research adopts a normative legal research method with a legislative and conceptual approach. The data used consists of primary legal materials such as legislation and court decisions related to personal data protection. Additionally, this study also refers to legal literature and expert opinions regarding personal data protection and court decisions. The results of the research indicate that the actualization of specific personal data protection in court decisions is an exception due to the principle of open court proceedings and the publication of trial outcomes. This relates to the specific personal data protection concerning criminal records. There is a need to exempt criminal records from the exceptions stated in court decisions. The importance of exempting personal data protection in the context of court decisions is also emphasized to prevent misuse in the judicial process and maintain public trust in the justice system. This research provides an important contribution to identify and analyze how specific personal data protection can be implemented in court decisions. The implications of this research are expected to provide a better understanding for relevant parties, including the judiciary, government, and the general public, regarding the importance of specific personal data protection in the context of justice.
Keywords: formulation, personal data protection, court decision
The Application of Chemical Castration as Additional Punishment for the Perpetrators of Child Sexual Violence Crimes Subject to the Death Penalty
Authors: Rumondor Nova Ernny
Published: January 2024

Human life is a cyclical pattern, commencing with birth and childhood, progressing through adolescence and young maturity, entering adulthood, and ultimately reaching old age. From these periods, childhood is a crucial time that requires full attention, as children are often incapable of defending and protecting themselves. This lack of self-protectiom is specifically observed against the heinous crimes of sexual violence, where the perpetrators are sentenced to the death penalty or chemical castration as additional punishment. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the application of chemical castration as additional punishment for the perpetrators of a child sexual violence crimes. In this context, a normative juridical method was used to emphasize the patterns by which the application of the rule governing the imposition of castration process is implemented in Decision Number 86/Pid.Sus/2022/PT Bdg. The implementation patterns of restitution and protection for the child victims of sexual violence are also explored. The results showed the following conclusions, firstly, the application of the rule governing the imposition of chemical castration as additional punishment for the perpetrators of the sexual crimes was fair when the defendant was subject to the death penalty. However, castration process was unnecessary due to causing excessive criminal sanctions, as the death penalty was the highest sanction according to Article 67 of the Criminal Code. Secondly, the implementation of restitution and protection for the child victims became a negative precedent and failed to develop a deterrent effect when imposed on the state. In this case, the perpetrators were often comfortable due to being unburdened with compensating the victims through restitution, increasing the level of sexual violence crimes. This situation hindered the achievement of protecting and preventing crimes. From these results, Decision Number 86/Pid.Sus/2022/PT Bdg was appropriate in meeting the sense of justice for the victims and facilitating their recovery.
Keywords: Child; Sexual Violence Crimes; Death Penalty; Chemical Castration.
Criminal Accountability False Investments with Ponzi Schemes in Indonesia
Authors: . Nurzakiah , . Wasis
Published: January 2024

Indonesia is currently experiencing a surge of investments, which is resulting in both positive and negative outcomes. Supported by increasingly fast technology, “investment” activists are even more enthusiastic about continuing to develop their investments. Recently, investment activists have faced various forms of fraudulent investment with Ponzi schemes. This study aims to determine criminal liability in investing in Ponzi schemes in Indonesia and the protection measures that can be provided for victims. Using normative legal research methods, it was found that fraudulent Ponzi scheme investors in Indonesia can be charged with Article 378 of the Criminal Code. And, because they do not have a permit, fraudulent investments can be subject to Article 103 of Law Number 8 of 1995 concerning Capital Markets, related to investment victims, falsifying a Ponzi scheme in an application because it uses electronic media can be subject to Article 28 paragraph 1 of Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning information and electronic transactions, which has been amended by Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning information and electronic transactions.
Keywords: investment fraud, Ponzi scheme, criminal liability
Protection of Foreign Investors in Foreign Investment Activities and its Implications to the Country
Authors: Hartini Rahayu , Athaya Pratikno Nadya Widya
Published: January 2024

In the interest of increasing national and economic development, Indonesia needs various kinds of support from all aspects. One of them is the presence of foreign investors. However, Indonesia is considered to not fully support the presence of foreign investors, so there are many investment constraints that have not been addressed comprehensively. To fulfill these interests, the Indonesian government formulated policies regarding investment and legal protection provided to foreign investors through Law Number 25 of 2007 concerning Investment. This study aims to determine legal protection and the implications of foreign investment activities in Indonesia. This study uses a normative juridical approach. The primary source of legal material is Law Number 25 of 2007 concerning investment. The source of secondary legal materials uses relevant literature. Data collection were done using the library study method. Data analysis were done using deductive analysis techniques. The data presentation technique uses a qualitative descriptive technique. The results of the study stated that legal protection for foreign investment (PMA) in Indonesia according to Law Number 25 of 2007 concerning investment is the application of the principle of equality for foreign and foreign investors. Legal protection is also given for actions of nationalization, acquisition of ownership, transfer of assets, transfers, and repatriation. Foreign investment has an important role in Indonesia to increase economic growth and increase national development.
Keywords: legal protection, investment, foreign, implication
Legal Construction of Asset Recovery for Crime of Corruption in Indonesia
Authors: Cahyani Tinuk Dwi , Salmah Halimatus Khalidawati
Published: January 2024

Indonesia has made efforts to prevent and eradicate criminal acts. However, the reality is that corruption is still a problem in Indonesia. Corruption occurs in various aspects of state life and institutions, not only central government institutions but also regional governments. Corruption has bad impacts ranging from lowering the level of people’s welfare, destroying morality, and the foundations of national resilience. As time goes by, acts of corruption are carried out in various ways and are increasingly organized. More strategic efforts are needed to deal with this because corruption does not only talk about criminal acts and the perpetrators but is also related to the results of that corruption. The first question is how is corruption in Indonesia today? Second, what is the proper legal reconstruction to deal with it? Then to answer these problems, this research was made using an analytical descriptive method and a normative juridical approach by adding a set of data, one of which was from the n Vivo application. According to this study, there is still a lot of corruption in Indonesia, and because the state must also receive the benefits of criminal acts of corruption, there is a need for special rules that can carefully monitor in order to carry out asset recovery.
Keywords: construction, corruption asset recovery
Problematic on Copyright Execution as Fiduciary Collateral When Debtor Defaults
Authors: Puspitasari Wardoyo Yohana , Febriyan Praja Dewa Andiko , Kharisma Nuryasinta Radhityas , Luthfi Muhammad , Ratna Indri Hapsari Dwi
Published: January 2024

The issuance of Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 24 of 2022 on Regulation of the Implementation of Law Number 24 of 2019 on creative economy has served as the foundation of the copyright financing concept with an economic value, which can be used as fiduciary collateral. Therefore, problems that arose in the application of the mentioned concept are when copyright as fiduciary collateral is executed. Problem of copyright as fiduciary collateral for executed intellectual property due to defaulting debtor, which includes moral rights that remain attributed to despite the implementation of the execution, void of legal norms on the execution of copyrights and strength of minutes of auction evidence as proof of property rights transfer to copyright, as well as restriction of property rights by Law of Copyrights in the execution of copyright. Moreover, the research method applied in this paper was normative research, by analyzing library materials or primary and secondary data. The first result obtained only economic factors that are transferable in the transfer process of copyright, moral rights attributed to the creator, implementation of copyright execution such as legal objects with similar classification, and auction report as evidence of copyright transfer. Second, different restrictions from Article 28 H paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia may lead to multiple interpretations and conflict of norms. The recommendation is to conduct a comparative study with countries that have the same legal system and revise Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright or establish the implementation of a mechanism for copyright execution.
Keywords: problematic, copyright execution, fiduciary collateral
A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF A HUMAN RIGHTS-BASED APPROACH TO FOOD SECURITY FOR ORANG ASLI
Authors: Sayuti Hassan Muhamad
Published: January 2024

International law recognises the right to food for all, including indigenous peoples. The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) suggests four aspects of food security sustainability: availability, accessibility, utilisation, and food sustainability. In the context of Orang Asli in Malaysia, the Orang Asli Act 1954 does not expressly provide food security for Orang Asli. The National Agrofood Policy 2021–2030 needs to be revised to comprehensively address the issue of Orang Asli food security compared to international legal standards. The gaps in this law are one of the causes that contribute to the inability to address the issue of food security for Orang Asli holistically. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to critically analyse existing laws and policies related to the right to food and food security of Orang Asli and propose a food security model for Orang Asli based on human rights principles and international legal standards. This study employs doctrinal legal methodologies applicable to international law, domestic law, and policies pertinent to Orang Asli food security. The study found that the existing law in APA 1954 needs to be revised to guarantee food security for Orang Asli. Therefore, a hybrid legal model of food security for Orang Asli is significant to address this issue comprehensively as it combines the uniqueness of the customs and aspirations of Orang Asli, human rights principles, and international legal standards. This model could assist the government in accomplishing Sustainable Development Goal 2, which aims to end hunger, achieve food security, and improve nutrition.
Keywords: Food security; human rights; Orang Asli; rights to food; UNDRIP.
Exploring The Impact of Discussion Interfaces on Diversified Interconnectivity in Online Learning Communities
Authors: Harati Hoda , Ono Eri , Ingram James , Ragab Nasr Nesma , Yen Cherng-Jyh , Tu Chih-Hsiung
Published: January 2024

Asynchronous online discussions are widely recognized as potent pedagogical practices for actively involving learners in the process of constructing knowledge and cultivating a thriving learning community. This study examined how the types of online discussion threads (i.e., student-based vs. topic-based) moderate diverse of social interconnection in discussions and how it changes over time. An upward trajectory in the diversification of interconnectivity was discerned. In spite of the shift from student-based to topic-based, students continue valuing the power of diversified interconnecting with their classmates. The significant drop, but transitory, from Week 3 to 4 can be explained by the switch to another discussion type. Both the student-based and topic-based threads were observed to facilitate comparable levels of diverse connectivity. However, they accentuated subtle attributes within the learning communities. Instead of deciding upon any asynchronous online discussion tools given by institution’s LMS, instructors should critically assess different discussion thread interfaces and integrate a relevant one to create and facilitate their ideal and effective, yet diverse learning community. Future research should explore diverse interconnectivity traits and extend the timeframe beyond three weeks to observe the enduring impacts on learning community development.
Optimization and Quality Characteristics of Mango Peel Pectin
Authors: Naveena K.R. , Yankanchi Geetha M. , Yatnatti Shilpa , Geetha K.
Published: January 2024

Background: Pectin’s are complex carbohydrate molecules mainly used as gelling agents, thickener, emulsifier and stabilizer in the food and beverage industry. Methods: Pectin was extracted from mango peel powder by acid extraction method with different combinations of precipitation time and sample to solution ratio to optimize highest yield and its quality characteristics were studied in comparison with commercial pectin (CP). Result: The maximum yield (14.23%) was obtained for C-9 combination. Functional properties such as solubility, swelling index, water absorption and bulk density ranged from 49.74 to 72.27 per cent, 2.89 to 5.22 g/g, 3.21 to 6.82 ml/g and 1.06 to 1.59 g/cm3. In commercial pectin it was 65.99±0.63 per cent, 2.65±0.14 g/g, 5.79±0.15 ml/g and 1.29±0.07 g/cm3 respectively. Quality characteristics such as Degree of esterification, equivalent weight, methoxyl content and total anhydrouronic acid ranged from 83.37 to 88.98 per cent, 960.5 to 831, 3.83 to 5.28 per cent and 52.30 to 40.5 respectively. In commercial pectin it was 89.03, 906.5, 4.07 and 42.67 per cent respectively. Findings revealed that pectin extracted from mango peel possess high chances to be exploited and commercialized as most of the functional properties and quality characteristics are on par with commercial pectin.
The Effectiveness of Intrauterine Treatment with Momordica charantia L. on Some Hormone Parameters in Repeat Breeder Cattle
Authors: Emre B.
Published: January 2024

Background: Repeated breeding is a substantial problem in dairy cattle affecting reproductive efficiency. The goal of the current study was to see how intrauterine treatment of phytotherapeutic plant extract affected some hormonal indicators and conception rates in dairy cattle with fertility issues. Methods: In the study, 40 repeat breeder (RB) cattle were randomly divided into two groups. Forty ml (0.25 g/mL) Momordica charantia L. (MC) extract was administered intrauterine to cattle in group I (n=20) and 40 ml of pure olive oil was administered intrauterine to cattle in group II (n=20) at a time. The control group, group III (n=20), was composed of healthy heifers. Endometrial smear samples were taken from all RB cattle for cytological examination before the treatment and all were stained with Giemsa. Estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) levels were assessed by collecting blood samples starting from intrauterine treatment on days 0, 7 and 14. After the last blood sample was collected, the estrus cycles of all cattle were synchronized through a double dose of PGF2α administration at 14-day intervals. GnRH was administered with single insemination at the 60th hour following the second PGF2α treatment. Result: Subclinical endometritis was determined in 82.5% (33/40) of RB cattle. Pregnancy rates in group I, group II and group III were determined as 55%, 35% and 35%.respectively.(P greater than 0.05). There was no significant difference in E2 values according to time and between groups. For P4, there were also no significant differences between three time-dependent measurements, but there was a difference in the 7th and 14th days of the groups (P less than 0.01). For IGF-1, significant differences were found between the three time-dependent measurements of the groups (P less than 0.001). In conclusion, it was observed that the MC extract treatment, especially in RB with SCE, can improve the pregnancy rate by positively affecting the increase in IGF-1 which is a key element of the extremely complex endocrine system.
Characterization of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Meat Simplicia as Raw Material for Wound Healing Drugs
Authors: Arsih Rini Budi , Taurina Wintari , Andrie Mohamad
Published: January 2024

Characterization is the initial stage of standardization to determine the quality of simplicia. The quality of simplicia is influenced by raw materials, manufacturing process, the storage. Snakehead fish from natural ingredients has been shown to contain nutrients that can accelerate wound healing. This study aims to determine the characterization of snakehead fish (Channa striata) and snakehead fish meat simplicia originating from Sungai Itik Village, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan as raw material for wound healing drug preparations. Characterization was carried out biologically including habitat and morphology, physically including organoleptic, water content, ash content, and acid insoluble ash content, and chemically including protein and albumin qualitative tests. The results of the characterization of snakehead fish come from the waters around the Itik River with environmental conditions that are still not polluted. The head shape of the snakehead fish is like a snakehead, the body is blackish brown with dark band-shaped rows (striata), the belly is white to yellowish-white, and there is a labyrinth. The results of simplicia characterization of snakehead fish meat had a water content of 81.6% and 8.97%, ash content of 0.813% and 5.17%, and acid insoluble ash content of 0.02%. The results of the qualitative test of protein and albumin were declared positive for containing protein and albumin. Based on the results of the characterization that has been carried out, it can be obtained snakehead fish meat simplicia with good quality.
Producing biogas from livestock manure and agricultural biomass
Authors:   University of Lisbon, Portugal, Fragoso R. , Hidalgo D. ,   CARTIF Technology Center – Circular Economy Area, Spain, Paterson M. ,   Kuratorium für Technik und Bauwesen in der Landwirtschaft e.V. (KTBL), Germany
Published: January 2024

Climate change has driven the European Commission to set a strategy towards a climate-neutral Europe by 2050. There is a need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the case of the agricultural sector, biogas production can replace fossil-based energy sources and reduce methane emissions related to agricultural waste. This chapter addresses different aspects of manure-based anaerobic digestion (AD). The chapter reviews recent developments in co-digestion research. Subsequently, it addresses availability of biomass (manure, energy crops and agricultural residues) and its biomethane potential. The chapter includes case studies of differing types of agriculture-based biogas plants: (i) small-scale plants using mono or co-digestion of manure; (ii) centralized plants, which co-digest manures collected from nearby farms with agro-industrial waste.
Multi-feedstock biorefineries for converting agricultural wastes and microalgae into co-products
Authors:   University of the Philippines at Los Baños (UPLB), The Philippines, Bataller Butch , Capareda Sergio ,   Texas A&M University, USA
Published: January 2024

This chapter reviews developments in the types, processing and use of biomass to develop a range of co-products. It begins by assessing availability of biomass feedstock from agricultural sources. It then reviews the range of biological and thermochemical biomass conversion processes together with the growing number of co-products from these sources. The chapter then focuses on microalgae as an emerging biomass feedstock. It reviews the key steps and technologies in growing and processing microalgae as well as characterization techniques to optimize process control.
Developing bioplastics from agro-industrial wastes for applications in food packaging
Authors:   Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, Marchetti Angela , Salvatori Gaia ,   Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, Tayou Nguemna Lionel ,   Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, Grumi Mattia ,   Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spain, Ozan Basar Ahmet ,   Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spain, Pardo-Figuerez María ,   Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spain, Lagaron Jose Maria ,   Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spain, Prieto Cristina ,   Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spain, Marcoaldi Chiara ,   Sapienza University of Rome, Italy,   Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spain, Villano Marianna ,   Research Center for Applied Sciences to the Safeguard of Environment and Cultural Heritage (CIABC), Italy,   Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, Majone Mauro ,   Research Center for Applied Sciences to the Safeguard of Environment and Cultural Heritage (CIABC), Italy,   Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, Bolzonella David ,   University of Verona, Italy
Published: January 2024

This chapter uses the principles of the circular economy to present alternatives to plastic food packaging in order to face the plastic environmental problem. One of the most promising solutions is the substitution of fossil-based polymers for bio-based and biodegradable polymers, among which polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) stand out. Recent research has shown that it is possible to obtain these biopolymers from agro-industrial and food wastes, thus reducing production costs and increasing sustainability. Bioplastics made from these biopolymers display similar properties to conventional plastic, making them possible to process using currently available technologies. Meanwhile, the design of new packaging items based on biopolymers with improved properties could help reduce both food and plastic waste. The EU-based Usable Packaging project, the objective of which was the development of a circular and vertically integrated value chain in the plastics sector, represents a clear example of efforts being made by the scientific community to bring this research to industry.
An Educational Interpretation on Socrates as ‘Basanos-Ironist’ Making Living and Knowing into Arete
Authors:   The Korean Society for the Study of Educational Principles, Eom Taedong
Published: January 2024

This study is one of a series of writings not to explicate Socrates’ educational thought but to reflect my tacit knowing about education acting as a framework of understanding while I am reading Socrates. Although this kind of study is endless, its tentative results are as follows: Socrates as basanos tests whether his dialogue partner is living as parrhesiastes whose life harmonizes with his knowledge. After severe testing, Socrates almost always refutes his partner’s opinion, and then provokes eros as a passion for truth within his partner. When dialogue partner asks his help, Socrates claims to be ignorant midwife, and takes the role of ironist. Ironist is the mentor incarnate who guides the growth of his disciples. Socrates’ posture of basanos-ironist can be understood as a forerunner of new entanglement of living, knowing and education. My tacit educational thought as the target of this study is supposed to permeate these new interpretations on Socrates, but still resists emerging into the surface of awareness, and hides its specific contents. Although it is far from satisfactory, this study suggests various helpful questions in explicating my educational thought. My tacit horizon of education is expected to reveal itself by my following studies.
La politica religiosa di Nerone tra luci e ombre
Authors: Giovanelli Laura
Published: January 2024

La dicotomia luce-ombra presente nelle fonti relative al principato neroniano è nettamente a favore dell’elemento solare: se i due episodi della biografia di Nerone ambientati di notte dei quali è possibile proporre una lettura religiosa (partecipazione alle risse notturne e banchetto di Tigellino) possono essere intesi come un tentativo di ricerca di popularitas e come manifestazione dell’in dirizzo filellenico che il figlio di Agrippina avrebbe voluto dare al suo principato, la fulgida luce di Apollo, divinità augustea per eccellenza, viene utilizzata da Nerone come risposta ad alcuni dei momenti più bui del suo regno (matricidio, incendio, congiura di Pisone) e come espediente per enfatizzare il successo politico-militare-culturale (incoronazione di Tiridate, trionfo artistico) avvenuto grazie alla speciale protezione accordatagli da Apollo/Sole.
La pannychis panatenaica
Authors: Valdés Guía Miriam
Published: January 2024

Una parte esencial de la celebración nocturna de las Panateneas eran, sin duda, los coros de jóvenes, tanto de parthenoi como de neoi, en la acrópolis durante la noche, probablemente en la víspera de la gran procesión, y sin descartar la presencia de mujeres maduras y de ancianos como espectadores y educadores. En estos ritos se narraban los mitos acropolitanos relacionados con la autoctonía y con el nacimiento de la diosa, su victoria sobre los gigantes y su llegada y entrada en la ciudad. Todos estos mitos están, de un modo especial, relacionados con las heroínas Cecrópidas. Posiblemente entre los ritos nocturnos se incluían, también, una cena y una mímesis de la diosa en su danza armada de victoria (la pírrica). Además, la pannychis pudo ser precedida de una procesión informal desde Palene hasta la acrópolis, un kallinikos komos, con una joven ataviada como Atenea junto a un joven (como Heracles), que llegaban en carro a celebrar los ritos nocturnos.
A facile in-situ reaction method for preparing flexible Sb2Te3 thermoelectric thin films
Authors: Ao Dongwei , Wu Bo , Bushra Jabar , Sun Bing , Yang Dong , Zhong Yiming , Zheng Zhuanghao
Published: January 2024

Inorganic p-type Sb2Te3 flexible thin films (f-TFs) with eco-friendly and high thermoelectric performance have attracted wide research interest and potential for commercial applications. This study employs a facile in-situ reaction method to prepare flexible Sb2Te3 thin films by rationally adjusting the synthesized temperature. The prepared thin films show good crystallinity, which enhances the electrical conductivity of ~1,440 S·cm-1 due to the weakened carrier scattering. Simultaneously, the optimized carrier concentration, through adjusting the synthesis temperature, causes the intermediate Seebeck coefficient. Consequently, a high-power factor (16.0 μW·cm-1·K-2 at 300 K) is achieved for Sb2Te3 f-TFs prepared at 623 K. Besides, the f-TFs also exhibit good flexibility due to the slight change in resistance after bending. This study specifies that the in-situ reaction method is an effective route to prepare Sb2Te3 f-TFs with high thermoelectric performance.
Liquid metals enabled advanced cryobiology: development and perspectives
Authors: Yang Fan , Lu Chennan , Rao Wei
Published: January 2024

Cryosurgery and cryopreservation, as two important categories in cryobiology, have been impeded by the poor thermal conductivity of biological tissues or specimens. To improve this, diverse adjuvants, e.g., carbon-based materials, metallic nanoparticles, metallic oxide nanoparticles, etc ., have been exploited to improve the heat transfer in heat-targeted regions to increase the tumor elimination efficiency as well as the post-thaw viability of cryopreserved specimens. Nevertheless, these materials suffer poor thermal conductivities, controversial biosafety problems, and high expense. Gallium and its alloys, as a class of room-temperature liquid metals (LMs), have been widely studied in the past decade for their low melting point, minor toxicity, outstanding transformability, and conductivity. Integrated with these superior properties, they have been widely applied in multiple fields, such as thermal management, flexible electronics, and soft robotics. Recently, our laboratory has been devoted to fusing LMs with cryobiology and has made a series of progress. In this article, we will first briefly introduce preparation pathways to LM-based functional nanomaterials and composites. Then, how these materials realize improvement in biological heat transfer will be presented, followed by a discussion about the biosafety of these materials, which is an essential concern for the cryobiological field. Recent studies employing LMs in advanced cryosurgery and cryopreservation will also be highlighted. The present challenges and prospects of LMs towards further development in cryobiology will be put forward to point out the possible research direction.