bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Dense Gas Mass Fraction and the Relationship to Star Formation in M51
Authors: Heyer Mark , Gregg Benjamin , Calzetti Daniela , Elmegreen Bruce G. , Kennicutt Robert , Adamo Angela , Evans Aaron S. , Grasha Kathryn , Lowenthal James D. , Narayanan Gopal , Rosa-Gonzalez Daniel , Schloerb F. P. , Souccar Kamal , Tang Yuping , Teuben Peter , Vega Olga , Wall William F. , Yun Min S.
Published: May 2022

Observations of 12CO J = 1 – 0 and HCN J = 1 – 0 emission from NGC 5194 (M51) made with the 50 m Large Millimeter Telescope and the SEQUOIA focal plane array are presented. Using the HCN-to-CO ratio, we examine the dense gas mass fraction over a range of environmental conditions within the galaxy. Within the disk, the dense gas mass fraction varies along the spiral arms but the average value over all spiral arms is comparable to the mean value of interarm regions. We suggest that the near-constant dense gas mass fraction throughout the disk arises from a population of density-stratified, self-gravitating molecular clouds and the required density threshold to detect each spectral line. The measured dense gas fraction significantly increases in the central bulge in response to the effective pressure, P

e
, from the weight of the stellar and gas components. This pressure modifies the dynamical state of the molecular cloud population and, possibly, the HCN-emitting regions in the central bulge from self-gravitating to diffuse configurations in which P

e
is greater than the gravitational energy density of individual clouds. Diffuse molecular clouds comprise a significant fraction of the molecular gas mass in the central bulge, which may account for the measured sublinear relationships between the surface densities of the star formation rate and molecular and dense gas.
A Near-surface Temperature Model of Arrokoth
Authors: Umurhan Orkan M. , Grundy William M. , Bird Michael K. , Beyer Ross , Keane James T. , Linscott Ivan R. , Birch Samuel , Bierson Carver , Young Leslie A. , Stern S. Alan , Lisse Carey M. , Howett Carly J. A. , Protopapa Silvia , Spencer John R. , Binzel Richard P. , McKinnon William B. , Lauer Tod R. , Weaver Harold A. , Olkin Catherine B. , Singer Kelsi N. , Verbiscer Anne J. , Parker Alex H.
Published: May 2022

A near-surface thermal model for Arrokoth is developed based on the recently released 105 facet model of the body. This thermal solution takes into account Arrokoth’s surface reradiation back onto itself. The solution method exploits Arrokoth’s periodic orbital character to develop a thermal response using a time-asymptotic solution method, which involves a Fourier transform solution of the heat equation, an approach recently used by others. We display detailed thermal solutions assuming that Arrokoth’s near-surface material’s thermal inertia



=

2.5 W/m−2 K−1 s1/2. We predict that at New Horizons’ encounter with Arrokoth, its encounter hemisphere surface temperatures were ∼57–59 K in its polar regions, 30–40 K in its equatorial zones, and 11–13 K for its winter hemisphere. Arrokoth’s orbitally averaged temperatures are around 30–35 K in its polar regions and closer to 40 K near its equatorial zones. Thermal reradiation from the surrounding surface amounts to less than 5% of the total energy budget, while the total energy ensconced into and exhumed out of Arrokoth’s interior via thermal conduction over one orbit is about 0.5% of the total energy budget. As a generalized application of this thermal modeling together with other Kuiper Belt object origins considerations, we favor the interpretation that New Horizons’ REX instrument’s 29 ± 5 K brightness temperature measurement is consistent with Arrokoth’s near-surface material being made of sub-to-few-millimeter-size tholin-coated amorphous H2O ice grains with 1 W/m−2 K−1 s1/2

<



<

10–20 W/m−2 K−1 s1/2 and which are characterized by an X-band emissivity in the range 0.9 and 1.
A Predicted Dearth of Majority Hypervolatile Ices in Oort Cloud Comets
Authors: Lisse C. M. , Gladstone G. R. , Young L. A. , Cruikshank D. P. , Sandford S. A. , Schmitt B. , Stern S. A. , Weaver H. A. , Umurhan O. , Pendleton Y. J. , Keane J. T. , Parker J. M. , Binzel R. P. , Earle A. M. , Horanyi M. , El-Maarry M. , Cheng A. F. , Moore J. M. , McKinnon W. B. , Grundy W. M. , Kavelaars J. J. , Linscott I. R. , Lyra W. , Lewis B. L. , Britt D. T. , Spencer J. R. , Olkin C. B. , McNutt R. L. , Elliott H. A. , Dello-Russo N. , Steckloff J. K. , Neveu M. , Mousis O.
Published: May 2022

We present new, ice species-specific New Horizons/Alice upper gas coma production limits from the 2019 January 1 MU69/Arrokoth flyby of Gladstone et al. and use them to make predictions about the rarity of majority hypervolatile (CO, N2, CH4) ices in Kuiper Belt objects and Oort Cloud comets. These predictions have a number of important implications for the study of the Oort Cloud, including the determination of hypervolatile-rich comets as the first objects emplaced into the Oort Cloud, the measurement of CO/N2/CH4 abundance ratios in the protoplanetary disk from hypervolatile-rich comets, and population statistical constraints on early (<20 Myr) planetary aggregation driven versus later (>50 Myr) planetary migration driven emplacement of objects into the Oort Cloud. They imply that the phenomenon of ultradistant active comets like C/2017K2 should be rare, and thus not a general characteristic of all comets. They also suggest that interstellar object 2I/Borisov may not have originated in a planetary system that was inordinately CO rich, but rather could have been ejected onto an interstellar trajectory very early in its natal system’s history.
Database of fish fauna in a highly urbanised river (Tsurumi River Basin, Kanagawa, Japan)
Authors: Itsukushima Rei , Maruoka Keisuke
Published: May 2022

Urbanisation has facilitated changes in the hydrological cycle, sediment dynamics and habitat loss and it has had a tremendous impact on river ecosystems. Moreover, the invasion of non-native species reduces the number of native species with the progress of urbanisation, thereby resulting in the homogenisation of fish fauna and significant decrease in diversity. However, the effects of urbanisation on fish fauna vary depending on the region, degree of urbanisation and number of years since the construction of the city. Hence, it is necessary to collect information on how fish fauna changes due to urbanisation in different regions. The target site of the present study is the Tsurumi River, of which approximately 85% of the basin is urbanised and many of the river channels have been affected by straightening and concrete channelling. Monitoring of biota has been conducted mainly in downstream areas; however, data on fish fauna in upstream areas and tributaries of the river, which have been substantially affected by urbanisation, are lacking.

Surveys were conducted at 71 sites in the Tsurumi River Basin during summers and winters, focusing on river channels that have been straightened or converted to concrete channels due to urbanisation. As a result of this investigation, 10 families, 28 species and 9,335 individuals were collected. Some of the fish collected included rare species, such as Tanakia lanceolata, Lefua echigonia and Pseudobagrus tokiensis, indicating that, even in rivers that have been severely impacted by human activities, there are still rare indigenous species living there, albeit in limited numbers. In addition, Misgurnus sp. (clade B2), Micropterus salmoides, Lepomis macrochirus and Poecilia reticulata were confirmed to be non-native species. Misgurnus sp. (clade B2) was widespread; however, populations of carnivorous non-native alien species were small. The data are all accessible from the document “database_fish_urban_tsurumi” (https://ipt.pensoft.net/manage/resource?r=database_fish_urban_tsurumi).
Technique, lexique et culture : la dimension diastratique d’une influence libyco-berbère en grec
Authors: Argiolas Valeria
Published: May 2022

Cet article propose une réflexion nouvelle sur les rapports entre les mondes de l’Antiquité classique et l’Afrique dans le cadre de l’écriture des sciences sociales. Par le biais d’une mise en lumière des relations entre lexique, technique et culture, il a pour objectif de reconstruire l’influence linguistique d’un état ancien du berbère en grec au miroir des changements économiques et sociaux, de l’histoire et, dans sa dimension diastratique, des différences sociales entre les locuteurs. Le lexique berbère du tressage, en particulier, révèle dans une re-sémantisation du concret vers l’abstrait qui informe et fonde le mythe en grec que le ‘‘mot de civilisation’’ nécessite une histoire du mot technique qui est à la base du dispositif.
Leadership and Partnerships for the European Green Deal: EU Relations with (Re)Emerging Economies
Authors: Grimm Sven , Helwig Niklas , Reiners Wulf , Siddi Marco
Published: May 2022

L’European Green Deal (EGD) (en français, Pacte vert pour l’Europe) a été décrit comme une stratégie de transformation pour le continent européen, mais son succès dépend également de la coopération au niveau mondial. Par conséquent, l’UE a l’intention d’impliquer d’autres acteurs et de faire preuve de leadership international sur l’agenda climatique et la transition énergétique. Le présent document analyse la dimension extérieure de la stratégie européenne de développement durable, en mettant l’accent sur les partenariats mondiaux et le leadership de l’UE. Plus précisément, il examine les relations entre l’UE et les économies (ré)émergentes, notamment avec la Chine, l’Inde, l’Indonésie, le Mexique, la Russie et l’Afrique du Sud. Sur la base d’informations acquises grâce à la coopération avec des institutions de recherche locales, le document examine les perspectives de partenariat entre l’UE et ces pays dans la mise en œuvre des objectifs de l’EGD. Nous soutenons qu’il existe un grand potentiel pour une coopération verte entre l’UE et les économies (émergentes). Toutefois, un conflit diplomatique pourrait survenir si l’UE tente de transférer les coûts de la transition énergétique sur les pays partenaires.
EU-US Green Initiatives: Opportunities and Challenges for the Future of Transatlantic Green Partnerships
Authors: Moral Alicia Bellón , Calamanti Giada , Erdaç Ezgi
Published: May 2022

Après le rapport spécial du GIEC de 2018 sur les conséquences d’un réchauffement climatique de 1,5 degré Celsius supérieur au niveau préindustriel, les dirigeants mondiaux et la communauté internationale ont encouragé les politiques d’atténuation du climat. De nombreux pays ont dévoilé des stratégies pour lutter contre le changement climatique et satisfaire aux objectifs de l’Accord de Paris. L’Union européenne et la Corée du Sud ont été les premières à lancer un accord vert global, tandis que le Japon et la Chine ont annoncé des engagements d’émissions nettes nulles. Les États-Unis, eux, poursuivent la définition de leur posture après la fin de la présidence Trump. Compte tenu du besoin crucial de coopération internationale en matière de changement climatique, les partenariats verts entre l’Union européenne et les États-Unis – en tant qu’alliés traditionnels, mais aussi grands émetteurs – pourraient favoriser une évolution plus marquée et accélérée de l’atténuation du changement climatique sur la scène mondiale.
Exploiter l’agriculture dans la zone interdite entre 1940 et 1944 : l’action de la société Ostland
Authors: Lyautey Margot
Published: May 2022

Comment l’Allemagne nazie exploite-t‑elle l’agriculture dans la zone interdite ? Les autorités d’occupation profitent de la production agricole d’une manière spécifique à travers l’action de la société Ostland. Cette entreprise de capital public est un rouage important de la politique agricole d’occupation, car elle exerce dans cette zone un faire-valoir direct sur des fermes françaises. Sur 170 000 hectares de terres agricoles, elle place des spécialistes allemands à la tête de quelque 370 grandes exploitations, où sont appliquées des méthodes dites « modernes ». Mais son action se traduit aussi par la mise en œuvre d’une gestion résolument national-socialiste de la main-d’œuvre, fondée sur une hiérarchisation de catégories de race et de genre.
Individus et sociétés en guerre : en quête d’histoire(s) en zone réservée
Authors: Briand Vincent , Cousin Aurélie
Published: May 2022

Les mentions de la zone réservée restent rares, pour ne pas dire invisibles. Ce constat paradoxal d’une trace éparse, concernant pourtant une situation vécue par une grande partie des Francs-Comtois entre 1940 et 1944, interroge sur la manière dont le musée de la Résistance et de la Déportation de Besançon conserve le patrimoine autant qu’il participe de l’écriture de l’Histoire. Avec plus de 1 600 donateurs, une véritable galaxie de parcours personnels forme la base des collections qui ne cessent de s’enrichir. Parmi elles, intimement liées à la mémoire familiale, les photographies restent difficiles à collecter, en ce qu’elles sont perçues comme sans intérêt en dehors du cercle des proches. Indéniablement pourtant, elles nous aident à documenter la zone réservée qui, par bien des aspects, reste à découvrir.
Territoires et dessertes par transport rapide
Authors: Marchal Vincent
Published: May 2022

En un demi-siècle, depuis les années 1970, des réseaux de transport rapide (autoroutes, TGV, aéroports) ont progressivement tissé leur maillage sur des territoires de la France métropolitaine. L’essentiel des réseaux a d’abord été radial et le reste, avec des liens de Paris vers les régions ; puis des réseaux entre les grandes villes des régions et entre ces grandes villes et celles d’autres pays ont été mis en service. Dans quelle mesure les choix géographiques de ces réseaux ont-ils profité et profitent-ils au développement des territoires en bénéficiant ? Et qu’en est-il des territoires éloignés des réseaux de transport rapide ? Répondre à ces questions permet d’éclairer à la fois les enjeux d’aménagement du territoire et de développement local.
En quête de laboratoire : la place des doctorants en tension
Authors: Collectif RTTT  , Le Gagneur Marianne , Leite Julie Rodrigues , Sipan Océane
Published: May 2022

Cet article s’intéresse à la place des doctorants au sein d’un laboratoire dans le moment paroxystique d’un emménagement offrant la possibilité nouvelle de partager des espaces de sociabilité avec des membres statutaires. Écrit par des doctorantes en sociologie, cet article mobilise des focus groups ainsi qu’une enquête par questionnaire menée auprès de personnes en thèse afin d’analyser leur vécu de la proximité nouvelle avec les titulaires. Face à la promesse de « faire laboratoire », les doctorants sont confrontés à des violences symboliques quotidiennes qui y font obstacle. L’article expose l’exclusion des doctorants par les titulaires à travers la réaffirmation de hiérarchies dans les moments de sociabilité et l’attribution des espaces. Si ces violences vécues semblent socialisatrices et permettent aux doctorants de comprendre les rouages de l’institution, elles entraînent toutefois des difficultés d’ordre psychologique et professionnel.
Théorie des émotions et analyse économique : une revue
Authors: Petit Emmanuel
Published: May 2022

Depuis la revue séminale d’Elster [1998], une abondante littérature a révélé l’intérêt croissant des économistes autour de la question des émotions. L’introduction de l’émotion dans l’analyse économique a été effectuée essentiellement à partir d’une conception psychologique et neurologique de l’émotion. Développer une économie des émotions plus riche et plus complète rend nécessaire de puiser également dans d’autres approches de l’émotion issues notamment de la sociologie, de l’anthropologie, de l’histoire ou de la philosophie. L’objectif de cet article est de contribuer à enrichir les travaux des économistes dans ce domaine en proposant un état de l’art pluridisciplinaire synthétique des connaissances issues de la théorie des émotions. Il s’agit tout d’abord d’identifier les grandes étapes de construction de cette théorie et d’en extraire les propriétés essentielles des émotions. Il s’agit ensuite d’illustrer comment ces connaissances ont été mobilisées dans l’analyse économique en tenant compte de la diversité des approches caractéristique de la discipline.
Mobilité des chercheurs, collaborations et circulation des connaissances
Authors: Ferru Marie , Jacquier-Roux Virginie , Bernela Bastien
Published: May 2022

Les politiques publiques promeuvent la mobilité des chercheurs en l’attachant aux notions d’excellence, d’attractivité ou de compétitivité, elle apparait valorisée en tant que telle. Or, les mécanismes à travers lesquels la mobilité permettrait la circulation et la production des connaissances manquent de justification théorique et de démonstration empirique. Nous proposons d’interroger les conséquences de la mobilité des chercheurs, en articulation avec la place des collaborations, considérant que ces dernières permettent que les connaissances échangées grâce à la mobilité deviennent productives. Une grille d’analyse permet d’identifier et de décrire différentes configurations d’articulation entre mobilité et collaborations, qui ont des effets hétérogènes en termes de circulation et de production de connaissances. Ces résultats permettent de discuter les politiques publiques, d’autant plus dans un contexte sanitaire où les comportements de mobilité ont été en retrait.
Racisme : entre exclusion sociale et peur identitaire
Authors: Baber Zaheer , Carlier Marielle , Leroy Aurélie
Published: May 2022

Si les notions de « race » et de « caste » renvoient à des réalités distinctes (histoire, contexte, représentation), le « racisme » et le « castéisme » partagent quant à eux des traits communs évidents (fondements, logiques et effets sociaux). La dynamique de « racialisation », déterminée par les luttes de pouvoir, le contrôle des ressources et l’idéologie, s’applique dans un cas comme dans l’autre.
Racisme : entre exclusion sociale et peur identitaire
Authors: Haque Shamsul , Jamart Véronique
Published: May 2022

La Malaisie est considérée comme un exemple de société multiethnique « pacifique » où l’État joue un rôle volontariste au travers de politiques préférentielles. Malgré des avancées en faveur du groupe majoritaire historiquement discriminé, l’efficacité de ces programmes est toutefois questionnée, notamment au vu de la progression des inégalités inter et intra-ethniques sur fond de libéralisation et de privatisation.
Strict Arakelov inequality for a family of varieties of general type
Authors: Lu Xin , Yang Jinbang , Zuo Kang
Published: May 2022

Let $ f:\, X\to Y $ be a semistable non-isotrivial family of $ n $-folds over a smooth projective curve with discriminant locus $ S \subseteq Y $ and with general fiber $ F $ of general type. We show the strict Arakelov inequality

   \begin{document}$ {\deg f_*\omega_{X/Y}^\nu \over {{{\rm{rank\,}}}} f_*\omega_{X/Y}^\nu} < {n\nu\over 2}\cdot\deg\Omega^1_Y(\log S), $\end{document}

for all $ \nu\in \mathbb N $ such that the $ \nu $-th pluricanonical linear system $ |\omega^\nu_F| $ is birational. This answers a question asked by Möller, Viehweg and the third named author [1].
Picture fuzzy sub-hyperspace of a hyper vector space and its application in decision making problem
Authors: Dogra Shovan , Pal Madhumangal , Xin Qin
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the notion of picture fuzzy sub-hyperspace of a hyper vector space is introduced and some related results are investigated on the basis of some basic operations (intersection, union, Cartesian product etc.) on picture fuzzy sets. The concept of picture fuzzy linear transformation with respect to some picture fuzzy sub-hyperspace is initiated here and some important results are studied in this regard. It is shown that with respect to some pre-assumed picture fuzzy sub-hyperspace, linear combination of two picture fuzzy linear transformations is a picture fuzzy linear transformation, composition of two picture fuzzy linear transformations is a picture fuzzy linear transformation and inverse of a bijective picture fuzzy linear transformation is a picture fuzzy linear transformation. The effect of good linear transformation on picture fuzzy sub-hyperspaces is discussed here. It is shown that the image of a picture fuzzy sub-hyperspace is a picture fuzzy sub-hyperspace under bijective good linear transformation and the inverse image of a picture fuzzy sub-hyperspace is a picture fuzzy sub-hyperspace under good linear transformation. Some important results on picture fuzzy sub-hyperspaces in the light of $ (\theta, \phi, \psi) $-cut of picture fuzzy set are studied here. Finally, an application of picture fuzzy sub-hyperspace conditions in decision making problem is presented here.
Improved stability criterion for distributed time-delay systems via a generalized delay partitioning approach
Authors: Ren Zerong , Tian Junkang
Published: May 2022

This paper researches the problem of stability analysis for distributed time-delay systems. A newly augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) is first introduced via a generalized delay partitioning approach. Then, a less conservative stability criterion is derived by introducing a novel Jensen inequality to estimate the integral terms in the derivative of LKF. The stability condition is given in terms of linear matrix inequality. Finally, the merits of the obtained stability criterion is shown by a well-known example.
Immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Yu , Lin Lijuan , Lv Huiming , Zhang He , Jiang Lili , Ma Fenfen , Wang Qiuyue , Ma Xue , Yu Shengjin
Published: May 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly malignant tumor and patients yield limited benefits from the existing treatments. The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors is promising but the results described in the literature are not favorable. It is therefore urgent to systematically analyze the immune microenvironment of HCC and screen the population best suited for the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors to provide a basis for clinical treatment. In this study, we collected The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC)-related data sets to evaluate the immune microenvironment and immune cell infiltration (ICI) in HCC. Three independent ICI subtypes showing significant differences in survival were identified. Further, TCGA-LIHC immunophenoscore (IPS) was used to identify the differentially expressed genes between high- and low-IPS in HCC, so as to identify the immune gene subtypes in HCC tumors. The ICI score model for HCC was constructed, whereby we divided HCC samples into high- and low-score groups based on the median ICI score. The differences between these groups in genomic mutation load and immunotherapy benefit in HCC were examined in detail to provide theoretical support for accurate immunotherapy strategy in HCC. Finally, four genes were screened, which could accurately predict the subtype based on the tumor immune infiltration score. The findings may provide a basis and simplify the process for screening clinical drugs suitable for relevant subgroups.
Parameter optimization of shared electric vehicle dispatching model using discrete Harris hawks optimization
Authors: Wang Yuheng , Zhou Yongquan , Luo Qifang
Published: May 2022

The vehicle routing problem (VRP) problem is a classic NP-hard problem. Usually, the traditional optimization method cannot effectively solve the VRP problem. Metaheuristic optimization algorithms have been successfully applied to solve many complex engineering optimization problems. This paper proposes a discrete Harris Hawks optimization (DHHO) algorithm to solve the shared electric vehicle scheduling (SEVS) problem considering the charging schedule. The SEVS model is a variant of the VPR problem, and the influence of the transfer function on the model is analyzed. The experimental test data are based on three randomly generated examples of different scales. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed DHHO algorithm. Furthermore, the statistical analysis results show that other transfer functions have apparent differences in the robustness and solution accuracy of the algorithm.
Investigation of the protective and therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a breast cancer mouse model
Authors: Baraka Kholoud , Abozahra Rania , Helmy Maged Wasfy , El Meniawy Nada Salah El Dine , Abdelhamid Sarah M
Published: May 2022

Introduction

The development of novel strategies for cancer therapy is crucial to improve standard treatment protocols.

Aim

This study aimed to determine the protective and therapeutic effects of heat-killed preparations of Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a breast cancer mouse model.

Methods

Forty-two female BALB/c mice (7–8 weeks old) were divided into six groups (seven mice per group). Four groups were injected with 107 Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) subcutaneously into the left side of the mammary fat pad. Tumor growth was monitored weekly until all animals developed a palpable tumor. The tumor-bearing mice in the experimental groups received heat-killed L. casei or S. cerevisiae three times per week for 35 days. The mice in the control group received PBS. The remaining two groups received heated L. casei or S. cerevisiae and then were injected with EAT cells. After 35 days, all mice were sacrificed to determine the immune response.

Results

Animals that received heated S. cerevisiae exhibited the lowest rate of tumor growth compared with the other groups. TGF-β and IL-4 secretion was increased in all mice, whereas the secretion of INF-γ and IL-10 was decreased in breast tissues. Moreover, at the histopathological level, the volume of viable tumor in the control group was higher than in the treated groups.

Conclusion

Supplementary treatment with S. cerevisiae resulted in the best outcome in the breast cancer model compared with other treated and vaccinated groups.
Design and Structure of an Electronic Switching System for Remote Circuits Structuring and Online Measurements
Authors: Larbaoui Yassine , Naddami Ahmed , Fahli Ahmed
Published: May 2022

this paper presents design and structure of an electronic switching system for remote circuits structuring through internet, where the possibility of building circuits from scratch while conducting electrical measurements at any point of built circuits by online experimenters. This switching system enables to interconnect between electrical and electronic components in different combinations of circuits while providing an online environment highly approximated to physical environments of traditional hands-on laboratories in terms of manipulating measurement instruments and building experimental circuits. This paper also presents results of deployed topology for remote exploit of this switching system along with results of its deployed online engineering experiments.
Blocking the Spread of COVID-19: Global Border Closure Policies in Central America and Mexico
Authors: Leyva Flores René , Rojas Karol , Aracena Belkis
Published: May 2022

One of the main actions implemented globally to control the COVID-19 pandemic has been the restriction of population mobility, by closing borders (aerial, terrestrial and maritime), restricting circulation, and ordering mandatory confinement. Latin America has been no exception, and various countries in the region have implemented, among other measures, border closures and curfew policies. Other countries, such as Mexico, have opted instead for persuasive measures appealing to the good will of the populace, asking them to stay at home and practice frequent handwashing, and have provided the public with daily information regarding the current state of the pandemic. It is to be expected that interventions that fall at either of the two extreme ends of this spectrum lead to different effects on the behaviour of the pandemic. This study aims to analyse the pandemic response measures of border closure and internal mobility restriction, and their relation to the behaviour of the COVID-19 pandemic (by case number trends), comparing Central American countries and Mexico. A document analysis was conducted, using official government publications and mass communication channels that provided information on actions taken to control COVID-19, as well as epidemiological reports from each country. The epidemic curve, which reflects confirmed COVID-19 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, was not significantly different between the Central American countries, which mostly implemented border closures and curfews, and Mexico, which did not. Mandatory border closures and restrictions on internal mobility in Central American countries—with the exceptions of Nicaragua, which imposed neither, and Costa Rica, which imposed border controls but only minimal internal restrictions—were found to constitute human rights violations.
Política de salud de migrantes internacionales en Chile, 2014-2017
Authors: Wiff Jossette Iribarne , Benítez Andrea Fernández , González Marcela Pezoa , Padilla Claudia , Chepo Macarena , Leyva Flores René
Published: May 2022

A nivel mundial, reconocer de forma igualitaria los derechos de los migrantes es uno de los desafíos más importantes para la sociedad moderna. Este capítulo tiene como objetivo analizar como la Política Nacional de Salud para Migrantes Internacionales (PNSMI, NHPIM en inglés) se establece y se implementa en Chile, así como sus resultados a corto plazo, desde 2014 hasta 2017. Se basa en una revisión de la literatura sobre y derivada de los procesos consultivos realizados en comunidades con altas tasas de movilidad y residencia de migrantes internacionales, y sobre documentos clave relacionados con la Política. Analiza la cobertura de salud del sector público del Fondo Nacional de Salud de Chile (FONASA), la utilización de los servicios de salud y la satisfacción de las necesidades de salud, comparando la población chilena general con la población migrante en Chile, utilizando datos de las Encuestas de Caracterización Socioeconómica Nacional (Encuesta CASEN) de los años 2013, 2015 y 2017. La formulación del PNSMI fue una respuesta a la evidencia generada a través de la consulta y la participación social. Eliminó las barreras legislativas y legales y favoreció la protección financiera a través de la cobertura del FONASA. En el período analizado, el número de migrantes con cobertura FONASA duplicó (de 243 mil a 506 mil); la tasa de uso de servicios de salud aumentó (de 0,81 a 1,36 por cada 100 migrantes); la tasa de egresos hospitalarios se mantuvo estable (3,2 por cada 100 migrantes), aunque el número neto de egresos duplicó; y la proporción de egresos hospitalarios de migrantes sin cobertura FONASA disminuyó de 25,5% a 7,8%. La protección del derecho a la salud de los migrantes internacionales en Chile es un ejemplo claro de traducción efectiva del discurso político en práctica social concreta.
Workplace Resilience During Cancer Treatment
Authors: Elkins Donna M.
Published: May 2022

This case illustrates the communication processes involved in developing resilience when facing cancer diagnosis and treatment in the workplace. Beyond just the initial decision about whether to share the news of cancer, individuals enact ongoing communication behaviors that may enhance or detract from their ability to build resilience when going through this level of hardship, loss, and trauma. The case describes communication choices made and the dialectics faced by two women during breast cancer treatment in two different workplaces. The five communication processes of Patrice Buzzanell's communication theory of resilience are described in some detail and applied to these cases. The goal is for managers and others in workplace settings to gain a better understanding of ways to communicate that help someone going through a hardship, loss, or trauma build higher resilience and to better understand the communal nature of resilience in organizational settings.
Immunological Effects of Korea B.C.G. upon Tuberculin Allergy
Authors: lm Young Ho , Suh Inn Soo
Published: May 2022

This observation was made for the immunological effects of the B.C.G. administration upon tuberculin allergy on primary school children in the area of Jun Joo city, south Kyungsan province from 1962. to 1963. Both of Toberculin and B.C.G. liquid vaccine in this study were prepared in the National Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea. Tuberculin test with mantoux reaction, 5 T.U. were used. Of 2,899 boys and 2,417 girls, the age group of six to thirteen years old, the positive tuberculin rate was 26.3% and 23.8% respectively, showing no considerable difference by sex and higher positive rate almost according to their older age of group. The positive conversion rate were 80.7% after five months by the inoculating the B.C.G. 0.04mg/0.1ml, intradermally and 29.9% after 12 months. These results indicate that the B.C.G. immunity can not be long lasting one and among those who were shown positive after five months of BCG inoculation, about 50% must be administrated. The author also studied the role of tuberculosis patient for the infectivity to his own family and found out there was considerable significance in tuberculin positive late between tuberculous and non-tuberculous families, especially in the age group of six to twenty-five years in above locality.
A CLINICAL STUDY OF SOME IMPORTANT PROBLEMS IN THE TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Lee Chan Sae
Published: May 2022

The treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis has achieved a great epoch since the discovery of active anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy such as streptomycin, Isoniazid. Para-Aminosalicylic Acid etc. and the progress of pulmonary surgery in recent years. However it is still impossible to say that the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis has been completed and there are many points left open to be studied for further improvement, such as doses and duration, resistance development, acetylation inactive conversion problem, side effect of surgery so on. Among those the author has mad a following studies to improve the results of the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.
CONCURRENT B.C.G. AND SMALLPOX VACCINATION IN NEWBORN BABIES
Authors: Moodie A. S. , Cheng G.K.K.
Published: May 2022

No abstract available
THE MAIN PRIORITY OF EXAMINATION AND TREATMENT IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN KOREA
Authors: AAS T. WESSEL
Published: May 2022

No abstract available
CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON TUHEUCULOMA OF THE LUNG
Authors: Lee Hyo Keun
Published: May 2022

There is still a difference of opinion of what type and what size of tuberculous lesion should be termed a tuberculoma. In this paper the criteria for selection of tuberculoma were (1) a circumscribed solitary intra- pulmonary lesion 1.0 to 5.0 centimeters in diameter, (2) spheroid of ovoid shape, (3) contour smooth or slightly irregular with definite borders, (4) not cavitated, (5) no intrapulmonary lesions other than the solitary lesion or lesser amount, if any. Efforts are made to rule out the resembling diseases such as tumors, cysts and other granulomas. Among 1879 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis observed at Severance Hospital and Seoul City Hospitals there were 69 cases, or 3.7 percent, of tuberculoma fitting the above criteria. The ages ranged from 16 to 56 years with average age 24.7 years. All cases were treated with INH alone or combined with other major drugs for more than 6 months. They were observed for 1 to 5 years with average 2 years and 4 months. The size of tuberculomas varied from 1 to 5 centimeters in diameter, with 1~2 cm. in 60.9 percent, 2~3 cm. in 29.0 percent. Tuberculomas were mainly situated in the upper part of the lungs (Upper third 72.5% : Lower third 2.9%), and more in the right lung than in the left (Right lung 58.0% : Left lung 42.0%). Fourty-seven cases, or 68.1 percent, had no contributory symptoms and the remaining 22 cases had pulmonary symptoms which were thought related to the solitary pulmonary nodules. In four cases the tuberculomas were formed as an inspissated cavity and in another 4 cases by an absorption of perifocal infiltration. In the remaining cases it was unable to observe how the tuberculomas were formed. In 13 cases, or 18.9 percent, the sputum was positive for tubercle bacilli by microscopy of culture. Most of the tuverculomas remained unchanged during the period of observation. Only in 5 cases, or 7.2 percent, the lesions disappeared; in 5 cases reduced in sizes; in 7 cases, or 10.1 percent, the lesions reactivated forming cavities. Changeability of the lesions was closely related to the size of lesions, the larger the more frequent changes either progressive or retrogressive. It is noted that break down of the lesion forming cavity is also one of healing step. It is suggested that tuberculoma cases should have chest X-ray examination every 6 months to detect change of the leison in an early stage and resection is safer measure when the lesion is larger than 2~3 cm. in diameter.
STUDY OF ALVEOLAR FUNCTION IN PATIENTS OF FAR-ADVANCED PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
(Particularly, Determination of Uneffective Ventilation Rate and Uneffective PuImonary Blood Flow Rate)
Authors: Ham Hang Yon
Published: May 2022

Alveolar function, particularly the ventilation-perfusion relationship with the determination of the ineffective ventilation rate and the ineffective pulmonary blood flow rate, was studied in 11 normal human beings and in 60 patients of F-A pulmonary tuberculosis, classified as Fibro0cavitary group, Diffuse Miliary and Nodular group and Diffuse Exudative group. The uneffecive wnfilation rate and uneffecive pulmonary blood flow rate were determined by the ratio of respiratory dead space to tidal volume and the ratio of venous admixture to cardiac output, respectively. The following results were obtained. 1.2. The tidal volume and respiratory dead space were significantly elevated not only in resting state but also in exercise in these patients with F-A pulm. tuberculosis. The large increase in the ratio of dead space to tidal volume observed in those patients with F-A pulm. tuberculosis and the reason was primarily an increase in respiratory dead space even in resting state. 3. 4.Slight reduction of the ratio of dead space to didal volume in exercise compared with resting state was observed in all groups, even in normal group. This was primarily due to large in crease of tidal volume compared with the increase of dead space in exercise. 5. The elevation of ineffective ventilation rate ineffective pulmonary blood flow rate mean 1.16 times of the load in ventilatory work and 1.26 times of load in pulmonary circulatory work are compelled in these patients with F-A pul. tuberculosis compared with normal group in resting state. 6. The alveolar arterial O2 tension difference and the ineffective pulmonary blood flow rate in resting and exercise were significantly elevated to mean value of 37.7 mmHg and 24% respectively in these patients with F-A pulm. tuberculosis, suggesting the increase of venous admixture. 7. No significant difference of ineffective pulmonary blood flow rate and A-a gradient were observed between each group of F-A pulm. tuberculosis except of slight increase in military and medular group. 8. Evidence of impaired oxygenation was present in all group of F-A pulm. tuberculosis even in resting state. 9. The elevation of ineffective pulmonary blood flow rate was associated with the elevation of uneffective ventilation rate in all groups of F-A pulm. tuberculosis. The load was more significant in circulatory work than ventilatory work. This means the impairment of distribution of alveolar ventilation was more significant than impairment of pulmonary vascular bed.
THORACOPLATY AT THE KWANGJU CHRISTIAN HOSPITAL
Authors: Hong Hoosik , Simpson L. , Pae Toohyun , Lee M.H. , Pyun Woosup
Published: May 2022

In the past five years 26 patients have had a thoracoplasty at the Kwangju Christian Hospital. Twenty-two cases had an apiccelysis in addition to thoracoplasty(semb), 65 cases had a classical thoracoplasty(Alexander), 6 patients had a Shade thoracoplasty, and three patients had a thoracoplasty following the pulmonary resection. For purposes of analysis the 6 Shade thoraco-plastics are excluded. In the other 90 cases. 73 were male and 17 were female. Half of the patients were under thirty and no patient was over sixty. The operative mortality was 1.1%, only one patient having died. In 174 operations on the 90 patients 18 wound infections occurred, for an overall infection rate of 10%. Recently we have been draining the subscapular space with a catheter attached to suction for 48 hours. In these cases there have been 19 first stage operations with only one wound infection(5%) and 17 second stage operations with no wound infections. Therefore we are hopeful that this catheter drainage method will decrease our wound complication rate. Only one patient was lost to follow-up. Eighty-six percent of the patients achieved sputum conversion and are presumed arrested. In general about three out of four patients who did convert to sputum negative, did so in the first three or four months after operation. Two patients died with discase(2.2%) and eight patients are as yet sputum positive more than one year after operation. These are considered as probable failures.
CLINICAL OBSERVATlONS ON PLEURISY WITH EFFUSlON
Authors: Lee Sung Hyen
Published: May 2022

A clinical study was made on 166 cases of pleurisy with effusion seen at the Kyungpool University Hospital from January 1960 to February 1965, and the pertinent data were reviewed. Tuberculosis accounted for 53.0 percent of the cases and in 9.0 percent the cause of pleurisy was undetermined. Except for tuberculosis, the principal etiologic factors in order of frequency were malignancy, pneumonia, lung abscess, pulmonary paragonimiasis and amebic liver abscess. The mean age of patients with malignant pleural effusion was 48, while non-malignant effusion, it was below 40 regardless of the nature of underlying disease. Right-sided pleural effusion was more common than left-sided in all kinds of pleurisy, except in pneumonic pleurisy in which no particular predilection was noted. Serous pleural effusion accounted for 51.7 percent of the cases, purulent 25.2 percent and serosanguineous 23.1 percent 32.4 percent of the cases with serosanguineous pleural effusion was tuberculous and 38.2 percent was malignant in origin. In tuberculous pleurisy diagnosis was proved only in about 20 percent of the cases by either needle biopsy of the pleura or bacteriological examination of the pleural fluid. In malignant pleurisy cancer cells were positive in the pleural fluid in about 47 percent of cases examined, but histological diagnosis was made in about 70 percent by needle biopsy of the pleura.
A SOCIO-MEDICAL SURVEY ON PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS DISCONTINUED CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: Kim Tae Kyu
Published: May 2022

A socio-medical survey was conducted toward 463 TB cases who had discontinued chemotherapy more than 2 weeks among the patients registered at Health Center and the Clinic of Seoul-Branch of the Korean National Tuberculosis Association in Seoul from Sept. 22 to Oct. 21. 1965. The purpose of this study was to obtain the data of the reasons for discontinuing treatments. As the result of this study, following conclusions were obtained: 1. Pulmonary tuberculosis cases were highly prevalent in 20~24 years of age group with 13.4% in male and 25~29 years of age group with 22.5% in female. By the occupational classification, male were 44.6%, 70% in female with hose who had no occupation. Regarding the educational background, 29.6% were graduates of middle school in male, while 44.4% were graduates of primary school in female. 2. Of the total patients, 20.4% had more than seven family members but 3.7% didn't have any family member living together. Those who had other TB patient than themselves in the same household occupied 11.7%. 3. Among the total patients, 61.5% had family to support and 60.5% were living with spouses. Patients having own houses were 43.9% and 57.7% had income less than 5,000 won monthly. 4. In regard to initial diagnoses 81.4% were diagnosed by mass X-ray examination and 54.6% were diagnosed at Health Centers. According to extent of discases, moderately advanced cases were 40.8% with the highest proportions. 5. The majority of the patients started chemotherapy within one month after their initial diagnoses. 6. In the methods of treatments, 54.0% had received combined chemotherapy, while 44.1% had received single chemotherapy.(INH only) 7. Regarding the reasons of discontinuation of treatments 38.3% were due to certain relations for patients themselves, 32.3% for economic reasons, and 29.5% on account of medical institutions concerned. 8. Among the patients, 23.7% discontinued treatments less than one year after treatments and those who had stopped treatments for three years or over were 73.0% with the highest rate. 9. Out to the patients who discontinued treatments. Those having one time of interruptions occupied 76.2% with the highest rate. Among the motives started retrestmens subjective symptoms ranked highest with 30.4%. 10. In the view of state of patients after discontinuation of treatments, 55.5% were still untreating, 28.8% on domiciliary treatments, and 7.6% changed to other clinics from initial institutions. 11. It was confirmed that 55.7% of the patients had accurate knowledge on the sources of tuberculosis infection, 11.1% has some information on effective way of prevention of TB and 82.1% knew the method of diagnosis of tuberculosis.
SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX
Authors: Choi E.k. , Byun H.W.
Published: May 2022

1. The authors present some clinical observations on 50 cases with spontaneous pneumothorax encountered in St. Mary's Hospital during the period from January 1963 until October 1965.2. The incidence was highest in the adult between 3rd and 4th decades: the males were affected more frequently than females with slight preponderance in the left side of the chest. The result were consistent with whose reported in the literature by the other authors. Pulmonary tuberculosis was the most common cause among the underlying diseases, estimated 42% of the cases. 3. Satisfactory re-expansion of the collapsed lung was achieved within 7 weeks in 78% of the cases, 10% of which developed recurrence. The mortality rate was 6%. 4. The method of the management included bed rest and simple aspiration of air in 19 cases, closed thoracotomy in 22 cases and open thoracotomy in 6 cases.
Complications as through presentation in pentazocine dependence among the healthcare personnel: A case series from consultation-liaison addiction psychiatry
Authors: Dhagudu Naveen Kumar , Attili Sathish
Published: May 2022

Pentazocine is a synthetic, narcotic analgesic, indicated for various moderate-to-severe pain conditions. Its use and dependence on health care personnel pose unique challenges that make them difficult in seeking help. Complications due to parenteral pentazocine injection resulted in significant impairment for day-to-day functioning and contribute to disability. Hence, we present a case series on pentazocine dependence in health care personnel along with chronic nonhealing ulcers, myofibrosis, inflammatory compartmental syndromes like puffy hand syndrome and highlighting the integrative management of it.