bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Život u Sarajevu pod angloameričkim bombama (1943–1945) / Life in
Sarajevo Under Anglo-American Bombs
Authors: Gladanac Petrović Sanja
Published: December 2021

U članku se analizira angloameričko bombardovanje grada
Sarajeva i njegove okoline 1943–1945. godine. Na osnovu izvorne građe
lokalne provenijencije i onovremene štampe autorica opisuje vazdušne
napade, rekonstruiše dešavanja na terenu nakon bombardovanja, te ukazuje
kako na neposrednu opasnost iz vazduha reaguju organi narodne zaštite,
lokalni organi uprave i stanovništvo. Naglasak je stavljen i na provođenje
preventivnih mjera zaštite (izgradnja mreže javnih skloništa, zamračivanje
stanova), materijalno razaranje i ljudsko stradanje, kao i sanaciju nastale
štete. Kroz razmatrane aspekte vazdušnih napada na grad reflektuju se teške
sudbine i okolnosti u kojima su Sarajlije živjele tokom Drugog svjetskog rata.
Vietnamese University EFL Teachers’ Reported and Classroom Practices in Teaching Listening
Authors: Danh Ly Thanh , Hai Quan Nguyen
Published: December 2021

This study explored Vietnamese university EFL teachers’ perceptions of the importance of listening skill and their reported and classroom practice in listening instruction. The exploration of the teachers’ teaching practice was centered among three aspects including listening subject matter contents, listening lesson design, and the activities they employed for listening lessons. Six lecturers who taught listening skill to English-majored undergraduates at a university in Vietnam participated in the study. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and classroom observations. Findings from the study showed that the teachers had an intense awareness of listening skill as a crucial input source for language learning whereas the position of listening as a macro-language skill seemed to be downplayed. In both reported and classroom practices, vocabulary, topical knowledge, and listening strategies were found to occupy a central position as teaching content. In designing lessons, the teachers appeared to align more with the “comprehension” or “product-oriented” approach which further bears a resemblance to the presentation, practice, and production (PPP) model with some updated features. The teachers were also found to share a common group of instructional activities in each of the three lesson stages. These findings provide important bases for future endeavors to further improve the effectiveness in teaching and learning the listening skill at the tertiary level.
EFL Students' Suggestions for Enhancing the Constructive Alignment of the English Studies Program in response to the English Proficiency Outcome at the C1 Level
Authors: Tri Le Huu
Published: December 2021

This study was conducted to investigate English Studies majored-students’ understanding of the constructive alignment and their suggestions to enhance the constructive alignment in the program in response to the English proficiency outcome at the C1 level. The study was designed qualitatively, employing structured-questionnaires and individual semi-structured interviews as collecting data instruments, which were mainly constructed from the Constructive Alignment theory of Biggs (2003). 34 senior students majoring in English Studies at a university in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam participated in the questionnaires. Among those participants, 5 students were recruited based on their perceptions on the theme to do the interviews. The findings indicated the high level of students’ understanding on the constructive alignment, and their proposed recommendations towards enhancing the constructive alignment in the program. From the findings, the study suggested some implications to boost the constructive alignment. Finally, at the end of the study, the limitations and the suggestions for further research were also discussed.
Impact De La Motivation Financière Du Personnel De Santé Sur La Qualité Des Soins Administrés Aux Patients A L’hôpital Général De Référence De Kalemie (RDC)
Authors: BUKASA Héman KABEMBA , YUMA Gaston ALIMASI , KABINGIE David YAMUNYINGA , Sylvain KILIMA KUNDA , LUTHER KITENGIE NSOMBWE , Gentil EBONDO EBONDO , Christophe MUTAMBA EYAMBA
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Motivation (financial and / or non-financial) remains the essential element that allows health personnel to carry out their work with objectivity, ethics and strict respect of profession rules. The aim of this study was to help improve the provision of care by health workers. Methods: This was a prospective cohort descriptive and analytical study carried out among health personnel at the Kalemie General Referral Hospital (DRC) from October 2016 to June 2017, i.e. eight months. Results: Out of 102 health personnel questioned, 49 (or 48%) are satisfied with their financial situation. Only 21 health personnel (20.6%) receive full compensation made up of risk premiums and salary from the national level. The large gap in risk premium between nurses and doctors remains an obstacle to real harmony in service delivery. Salaries do not allow the staff questioned to meet monthly needs and there is frustration and violation of ethical and deontological rules. In the majority of cases, patient care was continuous and honest, hours of care respected, and regularity of service respected. This performance is justified by professional experience, dedication to patients and the expectations of improving the living and working conditions of health personnel. On the other hand, the care was not comprehensive and the reception of patients was of poor quality. Conclusion: The results of this study show an urgent need to organize and improve the working conditions of health personnel, which will enable them to carry out patient care activities with professionalism, ethics and respect of deontological rules. The considerable impact is to avoid the uncontrolled movements of strikes.
Towards realization of Board Gender Diversity in Deposit Taking SACCOs in Kenya: A critical review and synthesis
Authors: Odero Dr Jackline Akoth , Egessa Prof. Robert
Published: December 2021

Corporate boards play a critical strategic role in charting the direction and performance of organizations. Such entities ought to embrace diversity since this influences work relations and performance through offering greater perspectives from different lenses on business issues, opportunities as well as wider scope of ideas and solutions. Board gender diversity is ubiquitous as it is the most debated diversity issue in firms. Guidelines and/or mandatory laws have been enacted by several countries including Kenya, to enhance gender diversity on company boards so as to eradicate the existing social and labor grievances that women have been experiencing. Female representation in company boards still remains far from the desired levels despite the enactment of these laws. This study’s main purpose was to recapitulate and critically review literature on board gender diversity. The paper interrogated the importance of board gender diversity, the laws touching on gender diversity issues and empirically reviewed literature on board gender diversity and performance. The study used secondary data. The paper posits that board gender diversity is a driver of organizational performance as well as a way of bolstering inclusivity of both genders on boards thus fulfilling legal expectations. The paper recommends that it is indispensable for Deposit Taking SACCOs to consider gender diversity when electing persons to boards if such entities hope to enrich board decision making, risk management, innovative thinking and competitiveness as well as enhance legal compliance.
Thiết lập quy trình nuôi cấy, tinh chế Baculovirus mang protein gai (protein S) của SAR-CoV-2 để sản xuất vắc xin phòng bệnh Covid-19 trên giá thể baculovirus ở quy mô phòng thí nghiệm
Authors: Đạt Đỗ Tuấn , Trọng Mạc Văn , Chiến Lưu Anh , Anh Ngô Đức , Thu Phạm Hà , Mai Lê Thị Quỳnh , Hằng Nguyễn Lê Khánh
Published: December 2021

Tất cả các công đoạn của quy trình sản xuất vắcxin phòng bệnh Covid-19 trên giá thể baculovirus đều được nghiên cứu và thử nghiệm nhằm tìm ra các điều kiện tối ưu với các thông số ổn định đảm bảo chất lượng sản phẩm tốt nhất. Một số nghiên cứu chủ chốt đã được tiến hành nhằm tìm ra quy trình sản xuất phù hợp nhất. Nghiên cứu nuôi cấy tế bào côn trùng Sf9 trên các chai nuôi cấy và bioreactor đã  xác định được ở mật độ nuôi cấy tế bào ban đầu từ 0,4 - 0,8 x106 tế bào/ml, nhiệt độ nuôi cấy 27oC, tốc độ khuấy 100rpm, DO 50%, là những điều kiện tối ưu nhất cho tế bào sinh trưởng và phát triển. Tại liều gây nhiễm (MOI) 0.01 Pfu/ml, Baculovirus chứa  protein gai ( protein S) của SARS-CoV-2 được thu hoạch tại thời điểm 72-96h sau gây nhiễm cho hiệu quả biểu hiện kháng nguyên tốt nhất. Quy trình tinh chế của chúng tôi đã loại bỏ được 76% protein tạp từ quá trình nuôi cấy và hiệu suất thu hồi protein S đạt 90% so với đầu vào protein S. Các kết quả này sẽ là  cơ sở quan trọng để chúng tôi tiến hành xây dựng quy trình công nghệ sản xuất ổn định và tối ưu nhất tại Công ty TNHH MTV Vắc xin và Sinh phẩm số 1 (VABIOTECH).
Errores de administración de medicamentos en enfermería
Authors: Chávez-Jiménez Lisbet
Published: December 2021

Introducción: Los errores en el proceso de administración de medicamentos corresponden a múltiples factores; como la condición de vulnerabilidad del usuario, la dinámica que se vive dentro de las propias unidades y la confusión en la terapia farmacológica, entre otros. El mayor porcentaje de los EPAM se produce en la etapa de administración, por lo que el rol de enfermería en la prevención es fundamental. Existen múltiples estrategias destinadas a la prevención, con distintos niveles de complejidad, en términos de implementación. Las cuáles serán mencionadas en dicho proyecto. Sin embargo, es importante conocer la forma en que se han implementado estas estrategias y los desafíos que se presentan en el proceso.
El proyecto se realizó con el objetivo de valorar el impacto en la seguridad del usuario y determinar los factores con mayor grado de ocurrencia de eventos adversos relacionados con la administración de medicamentos, por parte del personal de enfermería.  Por todo ello, puede afirmarse que el tiempo dedicado por el personal de enfermería en el hospital representa una tarea muy importante de dedicación al paciente. Este hecho justifica la priorización de esta actividad a la hora de evaluar la calidad en la ejecución de la misma
Objetivo Conocer las múltiples causas que llevan al personal de enfermería a realizar una mala praxis el proceso de administración de medicamentos
Metodología:Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal mediante la búsqueda de artículos científicos en las siguientes bases de datos: Cochrane, Embase, Medline, Scielo
Conclusiones: Finalmente es indispensable hacer conciencia en los profesionales de Enfermería de la responsabilidad de cumplir con las normas en la administración de medicamentos los “10 correctos” y evitar con ello riesgos innecesarios a los pacientes que pueden en algunos casos ocasionar consecuencias graves. Así también realizar estudios que nos permitan identificar elementos relacionados con la gestión, la disposición y distribución de medicamentos, así como la organización de los servicios como fuentes documentadas que favorecen los errores en la medicación
Basic Model of Arabic Speaking for Preschool Children (Q-Nutqi)
Authors: Mohd Hamidin Norfaezah
Published: December 2021

The Arabic language is the most important language in Malaysian education because of its connection with the Quranic language. This study is about the development of a basic model for improving the speaking skills of preschool children (Q-Nutqi). Q stands for Qur’an, Nutqi means to speak. The objectives of this study were to identify the basic needs in Arabic speaking skills of preschool children, then design and develop a model through the implementation of Arabic speaking modules of Quranic communication, finally, evaluate the effectiveness of this model. This study will be conducted using the ADDIE model. The analysis phase will identify the need for a basic model in speaking through the method of interviewing several Islamic preschool teachers in Selangor. Then, the model design phase to find out the learning objectives and determine the learning and teaching methods (L&T) using the Q-Nutqi model. The model development phase involves 12 experts in Arabic, early childhood education, and industry to evaluate the design of the model produced for improvement. The implementation phase of the Q-Nutqi speaking model through training modules for preschool teachers to use the model. The final phase is the evaluation phase to find out the impact and effectiveness of the model on preschool children. Through this study, the research team hopes to be able to develop a model that fits the basic needs of Arabic language learning of preschool children and be able to improve the existing weaknesses in the preschool education system.
El espacio y el tiempo en la Nueva filosofía de la naturaleza del hombre (1587), de Oliva o Miguel Sabuco
Authors: García-Posada Rodríguez Catalina
Published: December 2021

RESUMEN:
En este artículo se analizan las referencias espaciales y temporales de la Nueva filosofía de la naturaleza del hombre (1587), obra compuesta de siete diálogos. A pesar de que este tipo de indicaciones no son indispensables en el diálogo, aquellas que presenta el texto de Sabuco sirven para reforzar dos características esenciales del género: por un lado, ayudan a simular el transcurso de una conversación real; por otro, junto a otros elementos ficcionales, se colocan al servicio del proceso argumentativo.

ABSTRACT:
This article analyses the references to space and time in Sabuco’s New Philosophy of Human Nature (1587), a book composed of seven dialogues. Despite these specifications not being necessarily required in dialogues, those of Sabuco’s text serve to reinforce two essential features of this genre: on the one hand, they help simulate the illusion of a real conversation taking place; on the other hand, along with other fictional elements, they are subordinated to the argumentative process.
TÜRKİYE TÜRKÇESİ AĞIZLARI ÜZERİNE İL VE İLÇELER DÜZEYİNDE YAPILMIŞ LİSANSÜSTÜ ÇALIŞMALAR
Authors: ASIL Enes
Published: December 2021

Türkiye Türkçesi ağızları üzerine ilk yayın, V. A. Maksimov tarafından yapılan ve 1867 yılında St. Petersburg'da yayımlanmış olan Opıt izsledovanija tyurskich dialektov v chudave digare-i Karamanii isimli çalışmadır. Bu dönemde birkaç istisna hariç yabancı araştırmacılar çalışma yapmıştır. Literatürde "yabancı araştırmacılar dönemi" olarak adlandırılan bu süreç 1940 yılına kadar sürmüştür. Bu dönemde yapılan çalışmalar ilk çalışmalar olduğu için eksik ve kusurları çok olsa da o günün şartları içerisinde değerli birer hizmet sayılırlar ve bu çalışmaların tarihî değerleri küçümsenemez. Söz konusu çalışmalar tasniflerin yönlere göre yapılması, alt ağız gruplarının dikkate alınmaması vb. nedenlerden dolayı eksik ve kusurludur. Anadolu ağızları üzerine araştırmaların daha verimli olduğu dönem 1940 sonrasıdır. İlk derli toplu çalışmalar bu dönemde yapılmaya başlamıştır.

Çalışmaların yapılması kadar, yapılan çalışmaların toplu bir biçimde bilim âlemine sunulması da oldukça önemli bir meseledir. Bu durum bibliyografya çalışmalarına olan ihtiyacı ortaya çıkarmıştır. Başta Sadettin Buluç olmak üzere, Kayahan Erimer, Ercan Alkaya, Tuncer Gülensoy gibi araştırmacıların yapmış oldukları çalışmalar bu alanda bizlere yol göstermiştir.

Bu çalışmada; Türkiye Türkçesi ağızları üzerine yapılan ve yapılmakta olan yüksek lisans, doktora ve doçentlik çalışmaları ele alınmıştır. Ağustos 2021'e kadar üniversitelerde yapılmış çalışmaları sınıflandırdığımız bu çalışmanın verileri YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi tez tarama sayfası ile Prof. Dr. Tuncer Gülensoy ve Doç. Dr. Ercan Alkaya tarafından hazırlanan Türkiye Türkçesi Ağızları Bibliyografyası isimli eserden alınmıştır. Tespit edilen bu çalışmalar bölgelere göre tasnif edilip kendi içerisinde yüksek lisans, doktora ve doçentlik çalışmaları olarak gruplandırılmış ve alfabetik olarak sıralanmıştır. Türkiye'de ağızlar üzerine yapılan lisansüstü çalışmaları tespit ederek, hangi il ve ilçelerin ağız çalışmalarının yapıldığını ortaya çıkarmak ve böylelikle Türkiye Türkçesi ağızları üzerine çalışma yapacak olan araştırmacılara hazır bir liste sunmak amaçlanmıştır.

Çalışma sonucunda; Türkiye Türkçesi ağızları üzerine iki yüz iki yüksek lisans, otuz iki doktora ve bir doçentlik tezi olmak üzere toplam iki yüz otuz beş lisansüstü çalışma olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Normativitás a szociológiában a magyarországi előítélet-kutatások példáján
Authors: Gárdos Judit
Published: December 2021

Tanulmányomban a magyarországi előítélet-kutatások normativitását követem végig néhány tudományos szövegen. Az előítéleteket kutató szociológusok az előítéleteket általában normatívan ítélik meg, és negatív, megszüntetendő, a hátrányos megkülönböztetéshez vezető jelenségként definiálják. A szocialista időszakban a romákkal kapcsolatos előítélet-kutatások az előítéletet általában elmaradott attitűdként taglalják, amelynek az ideális szocialista embertípus esetében nincs keresnivalója. Az előítéleteket a nacionalizmust megelőző, veszélyes fázisként tárgyalják. A felvilágosodásra, a racionalitásra és ezzel egyidejűleg egy egyetemes emberi normativitásra való utalás is hangsúlyos az előítéletekről szóló szociológiai szövegekben. A rendszerváltozás számos kutatási beszámolóban megjelenik mint magyarázata annak, hogy miért vált különösen fontossá az előítélet témája az 1990-esévekre. A kutatók állítják, hogy e rejtett attitűdök 1989 után nyíltabbak lettek, és a társadalmi csoportok közötti konfliktusok, érdekellentétek erősödtek. A diszkriminációnak, az előítéletek megszüntetésének igénye töretlen marad a kutatói szövegekben. Az igaz és a hasznos tudás termelése az elemzett alterületen egyaránt tudományos tőkeként mutatkozik.
Generációs kihívás a poszt-Covid időszakban
Authors: Déri András , Szabó Andrea
Published: December 2021

Tanulmányunkban arra a társadalmi változásra reflektálunk, amely 2019 késő őszén kezdődött a világban. A koronavírus-járvány olyan exogén sokk (Illés et al. 2020), olyan aszteroidahatás,amely alapvetően változtatta meg a normalitást a nyugati világban. Elméleti írásunkban azt állítjuk, hogy Karl Mannheim, valamint a neo-mannheimiánus irodalom központi elméleti és analitikus kategóriája, a generáció jól alkalmazható a poszt-Covid időszak különösen fiatalok körében kimutatható kulturális változási tendenciáinak leírásához. Ezzel összefüggésben ugyanis úgy véljük, hogy a mannheimi értelemben létrejövő új történelmi generáció (Szabó 2020a, Szabó 2020b) leginkább a kulturális értékváltás tendenciájában érhető tetten. Vizsgáljuk továbbá azt is, hogy a kultúraváltásnak milyen új „odafordulási” és „feldolgozási” formái lehetségesek életkori sajátosságok alapján.
Tropospheric ozone production and chemical regime analysis during the COVID-19 lockdown over Europe
Authors: Nussbaumer Clara M. , Pozzer Andrea , Tadic Ivan , Röder Lenard , Obersteiner Florian , Harder Hartwig , Lelieveld Jos , Fischer Horst
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) European lockdowns have lead to a significant reduction in the emissions of primary pollutants such as NO (nitric oxide) and NO2 (nitrogen dioxide). As most photochemical processes are related to nitrogen oxide (NOx ≡ NO + NO2) chemistry, this event has presented an exceptional opportunity to investigate its effects on air quality and secondary pollutants, such as tropospheric ozone (O3). In this study, we present the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on atmospheric trace gas concentrations, net ozone production rates (NOPR) and the dominant chemical regime throughout the troposphere based on three different research aircraft campaigns across Europe. These are the UTOPIHAN campaigns in 2003 and 2004, the HOOVER campaigns in 2006 and 2007 and the BLUESKY campaign in 2020, the latter performed during the COVID-19 lockdown. We present in situ observations and simulation results from the ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry model which allows for scenario calculations with business as usual emissions during the BLUESKY campaign, referred to as "no-lockdown scenario". We show that the COVID-19 lockdown reduced NO and NO2 mixing ratios in the upper troposphere by around 55 % compared to the no-lockdown scenario due to reduced air traffic. O3 production and loss terms reflected this reduction with a deceleration in O3 cycling due to reduced mixing ratios of NOx while NOPRs were largely unaffected. We also study the role of methyl peroxyradicals forming HCHO (αCH3O2) to show that the COVID-19 lockdown shifted the chemistry in the upper troposphere/tropopause region to a NOx limited regime during BLUESKY. In comparison, we find a VOC limited regime to be dominant during UTOPIHAN.
Biomass burning nitrogen dioxide emissions derived from space with TROPOMI: methodology and validation
Authors: Griffin Debora , McLinden Chris A. , Dammers Enrico , Adams Cristen , Stockwell Chelsea E. , Warneke Carsten , Bourgeois Ilann , Peischl Jeff , Ryerson Thomas B. , Zarzana Kyle J. , Rowe Jake P. , Volkamer Rainer , Knote Christoph , Kille Natalie , Koenig Theodore K. , Lee Christopher F. , Rollins Drew , Rickly Pamela S. , Chen Jack , Fehr Lukas , Bourassa Adam , Degenstein Doug , Hayden Katherine , Mihele Cristian , Wren Sumi N. , Liggio John , Akingunola Ayodeji , Makar Paul
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Smoke from wildfires is a significant source of air pollution, which can adversely impact air quality and ecosystems downwind. With the recently increasing intensity and severity of wildfires, the threat to air quality is expected to increase. Satellite-derived biomass burning emissions can fill in gaps in the absence of aircraft or ground-based measurement campaigns and can help improve the online calculation of biomass burning emissions as well as the biomass burning emissions inventories that feed air quality models. This study focuses on satellite-derived NOx emissions using the high-spatial-resolution TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) NO2 dataset. Advancements and improvements to the satellite-based determination of forest fire NOx emissions are discussed, including information on plume height and effects of aerosol scattering and absorption on the satellite-retrieved vertical column densities. Two common top-down emission estimation methods, (1) an exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG) and (2) a flux method, are applied to synthetic data to determine the accuracy and the sensitivity to different parameters, including wind fields, satellite sampling, noise, lifetime, and plume spread. These tests show that emissions can be accurately estimated from single TROPOMI overpasses.
The effect of smoke aerosols on TROPOMI NO2 columns (via air mass factors, AMFs) is estimated, and these satellite columns and emission estimates are compared to aircraft observations from four different aircraft campaigns measuring biomass burning plumes in 2018 and 2019 in North America. Our results indicate that applying an explicit aerosol correction to the TROPOMI NO2 columns improves the agreement with the aircraft observations (by about 10 %–25 %). The aircraft- and satellite-derived emissions are in good agreement within the uncertainties. Both top-down emissions methods work well; however, the EMG method seems to output more consistent results and has better agreement with the aircraft-derived emissions. Assuming a Gaussian plume shape for various biomass burning plumes, we estimate an average NOx e-folding time of 2 ±1 h from TROPOMI observations. Based on chemistry transport model simulations and aircraft observations, the net emissions of NOx are 1.3 to 1.5 times greater than the satellite-derived NO2 emissions. A correction factor of 1.3 to 1.5 should thus be used to infer net NOx emissions from the satellite retrievals of NO2.
Remote Sensing of solar surface radiation – A reflection of concepts, applications and input data based on experience with the effective cloud albedo
Authors: Müller Richard , Pfeifroth Uwe
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Accurate solar surface irradiance data (SSI) is a prerequisite for efficient planning and operation of solar energy sys- tems. Respective data are also essential for climate monitoring and analysis. Satellite-based SSI has grown in importance over the last few decades. However, a retrieval method is needed to relate the measured radiances at the satellite to the solar surface irradiance. In a widespread classical approach, these radiances are used directly to derive the effective cloud albedo (CAL) as basis for the estimation of the solar surface irradiance. This approach has been already introduced and discussed in the early 1980s. Various approaches are briefly discussed and analyzed, including an overview of open questions and opportunities for improvement. Special emphasis is placed on the reflection of fundamental physical laws and atmospheric measurement tech- niques. In addition, atmospheric input data and key applications are briefly discussed. It is concluded that the well established observational-based CAL approach is still an excellent choice for the retrieval of the cloud transmission. The coupling with Look-Up-Table based clear sky models enables the estimation of solar surface irradiance with high accuracy and homogeneity. This could explain why, despite its age, the direct CAL approach is still used by key players in energy meteorology and the climate community. For the clear sky input data it is recommended to use ECMWF forecast and reanalysis data.
Development of an in situ Acoustic Anemometer to Measure Wind in the Stratosphere for SENSOR
Authors: Song Liang , Hu Xiong , Wei Feng , Yan Zhaoai , Xu Qingchen , Tu Cui
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The Stratospheric Environmental respoNses to Solar stORms (SENSOR) campaign investigates the influence of solar storms on the stratosphere. This campaign employs a long-duration zero-pressure balloon as a platform to carry multiple types of payloads during a series of flight experiments in the mid-latitude stratosphere from 2019 to 2022. This article describes the development and testing of an acoustic anemometer for obtaining in situ wind measurements along the balloon trajectory. Developing this anemometer was necessary, as there is no existing commercial off-the-shelf product, to the authors’ knowledge, capable of obtaining in situ wind measurements on a high-altitude balloon or other similar floating platform in the stratosphere. The anemometer is also equipped with temperature, pressure, and humidity sensors from a Temperature-Pressure-Humidity measurement module, inherited from a radiosonde developed for sounding balloons. The acoustic anemometer and other sensors were used in a flight experiment of the SENSOR campaign that took place in the Da chaidan District (95.37° E, 37.74° N) on 4 September 2019. Three-dimensional wind speed observations, which were obtained during level flight at an altitude of around 25 km, are presented. A preliminary analysis of the measurements yielded by the anemometer are also discussed. In addition to wind speed measurements, temperature, pressure, and relative humidity measurements during ascent are compared to observations from a nearby radiosonde launched four hours earlier. The problems experienced by the acoustic anemometer during the 2019 experiment show that the acoustic anemometer must be improved for future experiments in the SENSOR campaign.
Deconvolution of fission-track length distributions and its application to dating and separating pre- and post-depositional components
Authors: Jensen Peter Klint , Hansen Kirsten
Published: December 2021

Abstract. To enable the separation of pre- and post-depositional components of the length distribution of (partially annealed) horizontal confined fission tracks, the length distribution is corrected by deconvolution. Probabilistic least-squares inversion corrects natural track length histograms for observational biases, considering the variance in data, modelization, and prior information. The corrected histogram is validated by its variance–covariance matrix. It is considered that horizontal track data can exist with or without measurements of angles to the c axis. In the latter case, 3D histograms are introduced as an alternative to histograms of c-axis-projected track lengths. Thermal history modelling of samples is not necessary for the calculation of track age distributions of corrected tracks. In an example, the age equations are applied to apatites with pre-depositional (inherited) tracks in order to extract the post-depositional track length histogram. Fission tracks generated before deposition in detrital apatite crystals are mixed with post-depositional tracks. This complicates the calculation of the post-sedimentary thermal history, as the grains have experienced different thermal histories prior to deposition. Thereafter, the grains share a common thermal history. Thus, the extracted post-depositional histogram without inherited tracks may be used for thermal history calculation.
On the links between sub-seasonal clustering of extreme precipitation and high discharge in Switzerland and Europe
Authors: Tuel Alexandre , Schaefli Bettina , Zscheischler Jakob , Martius Olivia
Published: December 2021

Abstract. River discharge is impacted by the sub-seasonal (weekly to monthly) temporal structure of precipitation. One example is the successive occurrence of extreme precipitation events over sub-seasonal timescales, referred to as temporal clustering. Its potential effects on discharge have received little attention. Here, we address this question by analysing discharge observations following extreme precipitation events either clustered in time or occurring in isolation. We rely on two sets of precipitation and discharge data, one centered on Switzerland and the other over Europe. We identify "clustered" extreme precipitation events based on the previous occurrence of another extreme precipitation within a given time window. We find that clustered events are generally followed by a more prolonged discharge response with a larger amplitude. The probability of exceeding the 95th discharge percentile in the five days following an extreme precipitation event is in particular up to twice as high for situations where another extreme precipitation event occurred in the preceding week compared to isolated extreme precipitation events. The influence of temporal clustering decreases as the clustering window increases; beyond 6–8 weeks the difference with non-clustered events is negligible. Catchment area, streamflow regime and precipitation magnitude also modulate the response. The impact of clustering is generally smaller in snow-dominated and large catchments. Additionally, particularly persistent periods of high discharge tend to occur in conjunction with temporal clusters of precipitation extremes.
More frequent flash flood events and extreme precipitation favouring atmospheric conditions in temperate regions of Europe
Authors: Meyer Judith , Neuper Malte , Mathias Luca , Zehe Erwin , Pfister Laurent
Published: December 2021

Abstract. In recent years, flash floods repeatedly occurred in temperate regions of central western Europe. Unlike in Mediterranean catchments, this flooding behaviour is unusual. In the past, and especially in the 1990s, floods were characterized by predictable, slowly rising water levels during winter and driven by westerly atmospheric fluxes (Pfister et al., 2004). The intention of this study is to link the recent occurrence of flash floods in central western Europe to extreme precipitation and specific atmospheric conditions to identify the cause for this apparent shift. Therefore, we hypothesise that an increase in extreme precipitation events has subsequently led to an increase in the occurrence of flash flood events in central western Europe and all that being caused by a change in the occurrence of flash flood favouring atmospheric conditions. To test this hypothesis, we compiled data on flash floods in central western Europe and selected precipitation events above 40 mm h−1 from radar data (RADOLAN, DWD). Moreover, we identified proxy parameters representative for flash flood favouring atmospheric conditions from the ERA5 reanalysis dataset. High specific humidity in the lower troposphere (q ≥ 0.004 kg kg−1), sufficient latent instability (CAPE ≥ 100 J kg−1) and weak deep-layer wind shear (DLS ≤ 10 m s−1) proved to be characteristic for long-lasting intense rainfall that can potentially trigger flash floods. These atmospheric parameters, as well as the flash flood and precipitation events were then analysed using linear models. Thereby we found significant increases in atmospheric moisture contents and increases in atmospheric instability. Parameters representing the motion and organisation of convective systems occurred slightly more often or remained unchanged in the time period from 1981–2020. Moreover, a trend in the occurrence of flash floods was confirmed. The number of precipitation events, their maximum 5-minute intensities as well as their hourly sums were however characterized by large inter-annual variations and no trends could be identified between 2002–2020. This study therefore shows that the link from atmospheric conditions via precipitation to flash floods cannot be traced down in an isolated way. The complexity of interactions is likely higher and future analyses should include other potentially relevant factors such as intra-annual precipitation patterns or catchment specific parameters.
Hydrometeorological analysis of the 12 and 13 September 2019 widespread flash flooding in eastern Spain
Authors: Amengual Arnau
Published: December 2021

Abstract. On 12 and 13 September 2019, a long-lasting heavy precipitation episode (HPE) affected the València, Murcia and Almería regions in eastern Spain. Observed rainfall amounts were close to 500 mm in 48 h, being the highest cumulative precipitation registered in some rain-gauges for the last century. Subsequent widespread flash flooding caused seven fatalities and estimated economical losses above 425 million EUR. High-resolution precipitation estimates from weather radar observations and flood response from stream-gauges are used in combination with a fully-distributed hydrological model to examine the main hydrometeorological processes within the HyMeX program. This HPE was characterized by successive, well-organized convective structures that impacted a spatial extent of 7500 km2, with rainfall amounts equal or larger than 200 mm. The main factors driving the flood response were quasi-stationarity of heavy precipitation, very dry initial soil moisture conditions and large storage capacities. Most of the examined catchments exhibited a dampened and delayed hydrological response to cumulative precipitation: Until runoff thresholds were exceeded, infiltration-excess runoff generation did not start. This threshold-based hydrological behaviour may impact the shape of flood peak distributions, hindering strict flood frequency statistical analysis due to the generally limited lengths of data records in arid and semi-arid catchments. As an alternative, simple scaling theory between flood magnitude and total rainfall amount is explored.
A simulation–optimization framework for post-disaster allocation of mental health resources
Authors: Cunningham Stephen , Schuldt Steven , Chini Christopher , Delorit Justin
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Extreme events, such as natural or human-caused disasters, cause mental health stress in affected communities. While the severity of these outcomes
varies based on socioeconomic standing, age group, and degree of exposure, disaster planners can mitigate potential stress-induced mental health
outcomes by assessing the capacity and scalability of early, intermediate, and long-term treatment interventions by social workers and
psychologists. However, local and state authorities are typically underfunded, understaffed, and have ongoing health and social service obligations
that constrain mitigation and response activities. In this research, a resource assignment framework is developed as a coupled-state transition and
linear optimization model that assists planners in optimally allocating constrained resources and satisfying mental health recovery priorities
post-disaster. The resource assignment framework integrates the impact of a simulated disaster on mental health, mental health provider capacities,
and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) to identify vulnerable populations needing additional
assistance post-disaster. In this study, we optimally distribute mental health clinicians to treat the affected population based upon rule sets that
simulate decision-maker priorities, such as economic and social vulnerability criteria. Finally, the resource assignment framework maps the mental
health recovery of the disaster-affected populations over time, providing agencies a means to prepare for and respond to future disasters given
existing resource constraints. These capabilities hold the potential to support decision-makers in minimizing long-term mental health impacts of
disasters on communities through improved preparation and response activities.
Review article: Existing and potential evidence for Holocene grounding-line retreat and readvance in Antarctica
Authors: Johnson Joanne S. , Venturelli Ryan A. , Balco Greg , Allen Claire S. , Braddock Scott , Campbell Seth , Goehring Brent M. , Hall Brenda L. , Neff Peter D. , Nichols Keir A. , Rood Dylan H. , Thomas Elizabeth R. , Woodward John
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Widespread existing geological records from above the modern ice-sheet surface and outboard of the current ice margin show that the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) was much more extensive at the Last Glacial Maximum (~20 ka) than at present. However, whether it was ever smaller than present during the last few millennia, and (if so) by how much, is known only for a few locations because direct evidence lies within or beneath the ice sheet, which is challenging to access. Here, we describe how retreat and readvance (henceforth “readvance”) of AIS grounding lines during the Holocene could be detected and quantified using subglacial bedrock, subglacial sediments, marine sediment cores, relative sea-level (RSL) records, radar data, and ice cores. Of these, only subglacial bedrock and subglacial sediments can provide direct evidence for readvance. Marine archives are of limited utility because readvance commonly covers evidence of earlier retreat. Nevertheless, stratigraphic transitions documenting change in environment may provide support for direct evidence from subglacial records, as can the presence of transgressions in RSL records. With independent age control, past changes in ice structure and flow patterns revealed by radar can be used to infer ice volume changes commensurate with readvance. Since ice cores capture changes in surface mass balance, elevation, and changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulation that are known to drive grounding-line migration, they also have potential for identifying readvance. A multidisciplinary approach is likely to provide the strongest evidence for or against a smaller-than-present AIS in the Holocene.
The Antarctic contribution to 21st century sea-level rise predicted by the UK Earth System Model with an interactive ice sheet
Authors: Siahaan Antony , Smith Robin , Holland Paul , Jenkins Adrian , Gregory Jonathan M. , Lee Victoria , Mathiot Pierre , Payne Tony , Ridley Jeff , Jones Colin
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The Antarctic Ice Sheet will play a crucial role in the evolution of global mean sea-level as the climate warms. An interactively coupled climate and ice sheet model is needed to understand the impacts of ice—climate feedbacks during this evolution. Here we use a two-way coupling between the U.K. Earth System Model and the BISICLES dynamic ice sheet model to investigate Antarctic ice—climate interactions under two climate change scenarios. We perform ensembles of SSP1-1.9 and SSP5-8.5 scenario simulations to 2100, which we believe are the first such simulations with a climate model with two-way coupling between both atmosphere and ocean models to dynamic models of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. In SSP1-1.9 simulations, ice shelf basal melting and grounded ice mass loss are generally lower than present rates during the entire simulation period. In contrast, the responses to SSP5-8.5 forcing are strong. By the end of 21st century, these simulations feature order-of-magnitude increases in basal melting of the Ross and Filchner-Ronne ice shelves, caused by intrusions of warm ocean water masses. Due to the slow response of ice sheet drawdown, this strong melting does not cause a substantial increase in ice discharge during the simulations. The surface mass balance in SSP5-8.5 simulations shows a pattern of strong decrease on ice shelves, caused by increased melting, and strong increase on grounded ice, caused by increased snowfall. Despite strong surface and basal melting of the ice shelves, increased snowfall dominates the mass budget of the grounded ice, leading to an ensemble-mean Antarctic contribution to global mean sea level of a fall of 22 mm by 2100 in the SSP5-8.5 scenario. We hypothesise that this signal would revert to sea-level rise on longer timescales, caused by the ice sheet dynamic response to ice shelf thinning. These results demonstrate the need for fully coupled ice—climate models in reducing the substantial uncertainty in sea-level rise from the Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Roxane Gay’s An Untamed State: A Caribbean Rhizomatic Novel Reflecting the New Transmodern Paradigm
Authors: Roldan-Sevillano Laura
Published: December 2021

This article explores Haitian American writer Roxane Gay’s An Untamed State (2014) as a novel that represents our intricate and rhizomatic transmodern era. In order to prove this contention, it focuses on the novel’s amalgamation of different literary genres and modes from previous cultural paradigms—namely, the postmodern fairy-tale retelling and the social realist novel—with Euro-American as well as Haitian/Caribbean literary and sociocultural elements. The result of this mélange is a complex narrative of multiple interconnections that offers a nuanced portrait of new millennium Haitian diasporas and locals, and that most especially, recuperates subaltern Haitian voices so as to denounce the “untamed state” of the country. The article concludes by arguing that Gay’s hybrid and relational text effaces an either/or episteme which, although considerably used in Western and postcolonial theories for a while, has now become obsolete and inoperative in such a globalised and entangled world.
El patrimonio universitario desde una perspectiva GLAM. Análisis de los sitios web de las universidades europeas
Authors: Salse Rovira Marina , Jornet Núria , Guallar Javier
Published: December 2021

Las actividades de docencia e investigación han llevado a las universidades a reunir un considerable patrimonio cultural y científico. Estas colecciones universitarias son poco conocidas por el gran público y muchas veces, pese a estar compuestas por materiales muy similares, aparecen dispersas en las diferentes unidades de información en que se organizan los centros universitarios: bibliotecas, archivos y museos, entre otros. La corriente GLAM (Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums) es consciente de aquello que une a estas entidades y llama elaborar acciones conjuntas y a presentar de forma unitaria su riqueza patrimonial. Se estudia si la tendencia GLAM ha penetrado en las 33 universidades europeas mejor posicionadas en el ranquin ARWU (2019). Para ello se analizan sus sitios web patrimoniales con el fin de ver como se organizan para el tratamiento de sus colecciones y si las bibliotecas y los archivos, tienen un espacio en ellos. Los resultados del estudio permiten concluir que el patrimonio universitario sigue disperso, y que solo desde finales del siglo XX, gracias a las posibilidades de Internet, empiezan a colaborar realmente. Sin embargo, bibliotecas y archivos tienen aún un papel demasiado reducido e incluso una baja presencia en las webs que presentan esta herencia. Sería deseable aprovechar mejor los conocimientos en tratamiento de la información de estas instituciones y se propone un sistema que permitiría una mejora de las condiciones de la herencia cultural y científica con el apoyo de gran parte de la comunidad universitaria y con un papel relevante de bibliotecas y archivos.
El libro y su industria, un estado de la cuestión a través del análisis de su producción bibliográfica (1958-2021) . Perspectivas y herramientas para una investigación mesoeconómica y mesoanalítica
Authors: Vázquez Álvarez Iñaki
Published: December 2021

Partiendo de la hipótesis de la no existencia de investigaciones estrictamente mesoeconómicas y mesoanalíticas del libro y su industria, este artículo sistematiza la producción bibliográfica académica y profesional (1958-2021) más relevante relacionada con los dos objetos de estudio, organizándola en seis perspectivas de análisis, cuatro consolidadas y dos propositivas. Seguidamente clasifica dicha producción en el interior de cada una de esas perspectivas, para posteriormente identificar sus aportaciones más significativas en el marco de futuras investigaciones mesoeconómicas y mesoanalíticas. Finalmente, el artículo valida la hipótesis propuesta.
أثر ممارسات إدارة الموارد البشرية الخضراء التوظيف الأخضر وتقييم الأداء الأخضر على استراتيجية التمايز (دراسة ميدانية على شركة سدكو القابضة في جدة)
Authors:   ماجستير إدارة موارد بشرية، كلية الأعمال، جامعة جدة، المملكة العربية السعودية, الغامدي دلال محمد , بادغيش لمياء عبد الله ,   ماجستير إدارة موارد بشرية، كلية الأعمال، جامعة جدة، المملكة العربية السعودية
Published: December 2021

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة أثر ممارسات إدارة الموارد البشرية الخضراء التوظيف الأخضر وتقييم الأداء الأخضر على استراتيجية التمايز في شركة سدكو القابضة بجدة حيث تم توزيع الاستبانة على مجتمع الدراسة المتمثل من كافة العاملين بالشركة محل الدراسة والبالغ وعددهم (64) موظف. أما عينة الدراسة، فقد تكونت من كافة المديرين ورؤساء الأقسام ومشرفي الذين تم استرجاع الاستبانة الصالحة للتحليل الاحصائي والبالغ عددهم (50) موظف متاح وقت الدراسة. اعتمدت الباحثتين على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي من خلال استخدام الرزمة الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية SPSS بهدف تحقيق أهداف الدراسة. وكان من أبرز نتائج الدراسة، وجود أثر ذو دلالة إحصائية لممارسات إدارة الموارد البشرية الخضراء ( التوظيف الأخضر تقييم الأداء الأخضر) على استراتيجية التمايز بشركة سدكو القابضة بجدة، وفي ضوء النتائج، أوصت الدراسة ضرورة إشاعة ثقافة الاهتمام بالمحافظة على بيئة العمل بين العاملين في شركة سدكو القابضة بجدة واهمية تبني المبادرات الخضراء للمحافظة على بيئة العمل كأجراء المسابقات بين الأقسام والوحدات المختلفة في الشركات محل الدراسة كما اوصت الدراسة بأجراء بحوث مستقبلية لمعرفة واقع تطبيق الممارسات الخضراء في المنظمات السعودية خصوصاً، وباقي المنظمات في البلدان العربية عموماً ونموه وزيادة اعتماده عبر مختلف القطاعات.
تطور دليل النظام والتصميم وتجدده
Authors:   باحث في سلك الدكتوراه، مختبر العلوم الدينية، جامعة محمد بن عبدالله فاس، المملكة المغربية, الشهبي محمد
Published: December 2021

إن دليل النظام والتصميم عرف تطورا ظاهرا عبر السياقات التاريخية، خاصة على يد المتكلمين المسلمين الذين تشتمل نصوصهم على صورة ومادة هذا الدليل، ومعايير الكشف عن مقدماته التي يستحيل معها الاحتفاظ بتفسير المادية والدهرية. وقد تم صياغته وتجديده على طريقة السبر والتقسيم بحيث أن من تأمل الترتيب العجيب في نظام الكون وائتلاف أجزائه وجد نفسه أمام التفسيرات التالية: إما القول إنه مبني على الحكمة وأن وراءه مدبر حكيم، أو واقع بالجزاف والعبث أو أنه راجع إلى الطبيعة نفسها. وهذه الصياغة تتيح إضافة واختبار صحة أي احتمال آخر يستجد من جهة، وتدل على العمق المنهجي عند المتكلمين من جهة أخرى. إن المكانة التي حظي بها هذا الدليل في الفكر الفلسفي بشكل عام والغربي بشكل خاص جعل مجموعة من الفلاسفة المحدثين يخصونه بالدراسة النقدية التي استهدفت صيغته التمثيلية المبنية على الشبه بين عالم الطبيعة والمصنوعات البشرية، وأهم هذه الانتقادات هي التي ساقها هيوم وكانط مثال ذلك: التشكيك في توفر دليل النظام على شروط الاستدلال العلي، وهو أقوى نقد واجه به هيوم صيغة البرهان التي تتضمن قياس التمثيل، أو كالقول "إن النظام المشاهد ملاحظ في جزء من الكون دون الكل"، أو كالقول بتفرد العالم وهو اعتراض على معيار الكشف عن النظام وطريق بيان أنّ هذا العالم غاية في التصميم والضبط، كما أن هذه الاعتراضات لا يتجاوزها رموز الإلحاد الجديد في طرحهم المعاصر.