bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Evolving Understanding of Sense of Place in Social-Ecological Systems Research and the Barriers and Enablers to its Measurement
Authors: Duggan Joe , Cvitanovic Christopher , van Putten Ingrid
Published: September 2023

Social-ecological systems (SES) are changing more in the Anthropocene than ever before. With this also comes a change in Sense of Place (SoP), that is, the emotional bond that a person (or group of people) has with a place. This impacts how individuals and groups interact with a place (i.e., their behaviours) and respond to disturbance or change (i.e., their adaptive capacity). To understand how SoP is changing across space and time and to be able to compare this across social-ecological contexts, we must first take stock of how SoP is conceptualised so as to understand how to capture and measure the phenomena in a meaningful way (e.g., to inform policy). Based on in-depth qualitative interviews with leading SoP researchers (n = 17 from 8 countries) this paper aims to identify: (1) the current breadth of theoretical conceptualisations for SoP; (2) the methodologies that have been used to measure SoP in different contexts and settings; and (3) the barriers and (4) enablers to the use of different methodologies. Results show that there has been a change in how SoP has been conceptualised over time, whereby it was traditionally considered as something singular and limited, towards something much more dynamic. Results also show that diverse methods (both quantitative and qualitative) have been used to measure SoP, but the choice of method is often a result of resource constraints that limit research design. These findings suggest that broader collaboration among stakeholders and increased interdisciplinarity would undoubtedly lead to improved outcomes in our understanding of SoP, specifically how it is changing in response to anthropogenic pressures, and how the results can be integrated into policy and practice to support environment conservation and management. It is hoped these findings can help establish a community of practice around how we conceptualise SoP, and hence understand it, to create space for methodological integration and shared learnings as a field.
Dispersive Hydrodynamics of Soliton Condensates for the Korteweg–de Vries Equation
Authors: Congy T. , El G. A. , Roberti G. , Tovbis A.
Published: September 2023

We consider large-scale dynamics of non-equilibrium dense soliton gas for the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation in the special “condensate” limit. We prove that in this limit the integro-differential kinetic equation for the spectral density of states reduces to the N-phase KdV–Whitham modulation equations derived by Flaschka et al. (Commun Pure Appl Math 33(6):739–784, 1980) and Lax and Levermore (Commun Pure Appl Math 36(5):571–593, 1983). We consider Riemann problems for soliton condensates and construct explicit solutions of the kinetic equation describing generalized rarefaction and dispersive shock waves. We then present numerical results for “diluted” soliton condensates exhibiting rich incoherent behaviors associated with integrable turbulence.
On the vibration control of semi-active friction dampers with piecewise defined contact geometries
Authors: Aramendiz Jimmy , Fidlin Alexander
Published: September 2023

Suppressing unwanted vibrations has been a major challenge for more than a century. Semi-active dampers offer a compromise between the high energy costs of active solutions and their increased flexibility. A nonlinear system that utilizes dry friction and piecewise defined contact geometries is used as the basis for a semi-active damper. Furthermore, a slow frequency-based control that does not solely rely on dissipation is considered and compared to the conventional Skyhook Control. Simulations show that the strategy is an effective approach for vibration reduction.
Time-Resolved EPR Spectroscopy of Channelrhodopsin-2 Helix B Movements
Authors: Schumacher Magdalena , Bamann Christian , Steinhoff Heinz-Jürgen
Published: September 2023

The light-gated dimeric cation channel channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) is one of the most important optogenetic tools. Upon light activation ChR2 undergoes conformational changes, the most prominent ones include a movement of transmembrane helix B. In the present work, we apply time resolved continuous wave EPR spectroscopy to follow spectral changes of a spin label bound to position C79 located in helix B. We observed an increase of the motional freedom of the spin label side chain in illuminated ChR2. The recovery of the underlying light-induced conformational change in the dark is correlated with the recovery of the P480 state of ChR2. The observed conformational changes might be thus key elements responsible for desensitizing the channel for cation conduction.
The role of plasma neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Mazzeo Salvatore , Ingannato Assunta , Giacomucci Giulia , Bagnoli Silvia , Cavaliere Arianna , Moschini Valentina , Balestrini Juri , Morinelli Carmen , Galdo Giulia , Emiliani Filippo , Piazzesi Diletta , Crucitti Chiara , Frigerio Daniele , Polito Cristina , Berti Valentina , Padiglioni Sonia , Sorbi Sandro , Nacmias Benedetta , Bessi Valentina
Published: September 2023

Introduction and aim

NfL and GFAP are promising blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. However, few studies have explored plasma GFAP in the prodromal and preclinical stages of AD. In our cross-sectional study, our aim is to investigate the role of these biomarkers in the earliest stages of AD.

Materials and methods

We enrolled 40 patients (11 SCD, 21 MCI, 8 AD dementia). All patients underwent neurological and neuropsychological examinations, analysis of CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40, p-tau, t-tau), Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype analysis and measurement of plasma GFAP and NfL concentrations. Patients were categorized according to the ATN system as follows: normal AD biomarkers (NB), carriers of non-Alzheimer's pathology (non-AD), prodromal AD, or AD with dementia (AD-D).

Results

GFAP was lower in NB compared to prodromal AD (p = 0.003, d = 1.463) and AD-D (p = 0.002, d = 1.695). NfL was lower in NB patients than in AD-D (p = 0.011, d = 1.474). NfL demonstrated fair accuracy (AUC = 0.718) in differentiating between NB and prodromal AD, with a cut-off value of 11.65 pg/mL. GFAP showed excellent accuracy in differentiating NB from prodromal AD (AUC = 0.901) with a cut-off level of 198.13 pg/mL.

Conclusions

GFAP exhibited excellent accuracy in distinguishing patients with normal CSF biomarkers from those with prodromal AD. Our results support the use of this peripheral biomarker for detecting AD in patients with subjective and objective cognitive decline.
Key performance indicators for business models: a systematic review and catalog
Authors: van de Ven Montijn , Lara Machado Paola , Athanasopoulou Alexia , Aysolmaz Banu , Turetken Oktay
Published: September 2023

Organizations continuously adapt and innovate their business models to remain competitive. To support the management of business models throughout their lifecycle, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) related to business models play an important role. However, the current research on business model KPIs is dispersed and lacks clarity on how they are defined, concretized, and managed throughout their lifecycle. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review to analyze and consolidate the current state of the research on KPIs for business models. We identified 35 relevant publications and classified them in a concept matrix consisting of five categories related to business models and KPI management. In addition, we synthesized the business model KPIs referred to in the literature into a catalog structured by business model dimensions. Based on our review and analysis, we formulate avenues for further research on KPIs for business models. Practitioners can use the overview of available approaches for business model KPI management and the catalog of business model KPIs to effectively manage and define KPIs for their organization’s business models.
Coping with work-related stressors: does education reduce work-related stress?
Authors: Schoger Laura Isabel
Published: September 2023

Aim

Work is a central area of human life, and work-associated stress can affect health over a long period of time. From a health sociological perspective, it was assumed in this paper that education as a resource is able to support the management of stress(ors) and thus has a positive impact on health.

Subject and methods

This contribution deals with the research question of whether more highly educated people cope better with work-related stressors than those people who are less highly educated. Previous research has already proved the relationship between education and health but not the role that education plays in the coping process. Data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS): Starting Cohort 6 – Adults, was used and a cross-sectional analysis was performed. Linear regression models were estimated to analyse the effect of stressors at the workplace on work-related stress.

Results

The results show that more well-educated people show a lower level of stress, net of stressors and additional controls. Regarding the moderating effect of education, highly qualified workers are better able to cope with a high level of routine in the workplace. However, more highly educated employees report higher stress levels related to the threat of job loss or lack of occupational advancement compared with less well-educated employees.

Conclusion

The general goal of providing healthy work environments can be reached by helping people to recognize and cope with work-related stressors, and by motivating organizations to prevent their members from harmful stressors. Future research should address the ambivalent role of education in moderating the effect of work-related stressors on stress.
A critical review on sustainable hazardous waste management strategies: a step towards a circular economy
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Thakur Amit K. , Gaurav Gajendra Kumar , Klemeš Jiří Jaromír , Sandhwar Vishal Kumar , Pant Kamal Kishore , Kumar Rahul
Published: September 2023

Globally, industrialisation and urbanisation have led to the generation of hazardous waste (HW). Sustainable hazardous waste management (HWM) is the need of the hour for a safe, clean, and eco-friendly environment and public health. The prominent waste management strategies should be aligned with circular economic models considering the economy, environment, and efficiency. This review critically discusses HW generation and sustainable management with the strategies of prevention, reduction, recycling, waste-to-energy, advanced treatment technology, and proper disposal. In this regard, the major HW policies, legislations, and international conventions related to HWM are summarised. The global generation and composition of hazardous industrial, household, and e-waste are analysed, along with their environmental and health impacts. The paper critically discusses recently adapted management strategies, waste-to-energy conversion techniques, treatment technologies, and their suitability, advantages, and limitations. A roadmap for future research focused on the components of the circular economy model is proposed, and the waste management challenges are discussed. This review stems to give a holistic and broader picture of global waste generation (from many sources), its effects on public health and the environment, and the need for a sustainable HWM approach towards the circular economy. The in-depth analysis presented in this work will help build cost-effective and eco-sustainable HWM projects.
Theoretical rejection of fifty-four antineoplastic drugs by different nanofiltration membranes
Authors: Gouveia Teresa I.A. , Alves Arminda , Santos Mónica S.F.
Published: September 2023

The rise of nanofiltration technologies holds great promise for creating more effective and affordable techniques aiming to remove undesirable pollutants from wastewaters. Despite nanofiltration’s promising potential in removing antineoplastic drugs from liquid matrices, the limited information on this topic makes it important to estimate the rejection rates for a larger number of compounds, particularly the emerging ones, in order to preview the nanofiltration performance. Aiming to have preliminary estimations of the rejection rates of antineoplastic drugs by nanofiltration, 54 antineoplastic drugs were studied in 5 nanofiltration membranes (Desal 5DK, Desal HL, Trisep TS-80, NF270, and NF50), using a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model. While this methodology provides useful and reliable predictions of the rejections of compounds by nanofiltration, particularly for hydrophilic and neutral compounds, it is important to note that QSAR results should always be corroborated by experimental assays, as predictions were confirmed to have their limitations (especially for hydrophobic and charged compounds). Out of the 54 studied antineoplastic drugs, 29 were predicted to have a rejection that could go up to 100%, independent of the membrane used. Nonetheless, there were 2 antineoplastic drugs, fluorouracil and thiotepa, for which negligible removals were obtained (<21%). This study’s findings may contribute (i) to the selection of the most appropriate nanofiltration membranes for removing antineoplastic drugs from wastewaters and (ii) to assist in the design of effective treatment approaches for their removal.
Interview mit der Präsidentin des Statistischen Bundesamtes Dr. Ruth Brand
Authors: Rendtel Ulrich
Published: September 2023

Dieser Artikel enthält ein Interview mit der neuen Präsidentin des Statistischen Bundesamtes Dr. Ruth Brand.
Detection of landscape features with visible and thermal imaging at the Castle of Puerta Arenas
Authors: Collaro Carolina , Enríquez-Muñoz Carmen , López Alfonso , Enríquez Carlos , Jurado Juan M.
Published: September 2023

There are some archaeological sites with hard accessibility which remain unexplored and barely documented. The use of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) alleviates this challenge with aerial observations monitored with distant remote control. In addition to acquiring images in the visible wavelengths, other devices can be coupled on aerial platforms to inspect beyond the remaining structure of an archaeological site. For instance, thermography has proven to be of great help in the detection of buried remains due to observed temperature anomalies. This work explores the Castle of Puerta Arenas fortress to build the first aerial 3D reconstruction of this site by using RGB and thermographic images collected from a UAS. Orthomosaics have been applied to hypothesize about the original shape of the fortress, whereas 3D reconstructions have been rather applied to visualization and analysis. In this regard, the explored remains have been processed as dense point clouds in the visible and long-wave infrared spectrum, with the latter leading to the detection of hypothetical and still unknown towers. The detection of anomalies has been automatized by performing statistical analyses, globally and limited to smaller 3D voxel neighbourhoods. As a result, the studied remains have been documented and observed from an unexplored perspective, helping their conservation and dissemination, as well as suggesting future excavations.
What does environmental justice look like in Vermont? Centering perspectives from the margins
Authors: Panikkar Bindu , Selle Julia , Nelson Ingrid L. , Engelman-Lado Marianne , McCandless Susannah , Kasper Shaina , Byrne Jennifer , Keady Walter , Ren Qing , Hamshaw Kelly
Published: September 2023

Until 2022, Vermont was one of the few US states that did not have an Environmental Justice (EJ) policy. In 2016, the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) initiated a process to create an EJ policy based on an agreement with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). A coalition of academics, non-profit organization leaders, legal experts, and community-based partners formed in response to the DEC’s initial approach because it lacked a robust process to center the voices of the most vulnerable Vermonters. The coalition developed a mixed-method, community-based approach to ask, “What does EJ look like in Vermont?” This article reports the door-to-door survey portion of that broader research effort. The survey of 569 Vermont residents purposively sampled sites of likely environmental harm and health concerns and sites with existing relationships with activists and community organizations engaged in ongoing EJ struggles. The survey results use logistic regression to show that non-white respondents in the sites sampled were significantly more likely to be renters, to report exposures to mold, to have trouble paying for food and electricity, to lack access to public transportation, were less likely to own a vehicle, to have a primary care doctor, and reported higher rates of Lyme disease than white respondents. Our findings contribute to EJ theory regarding the co-productive relationship between environmental privilege and environmental harms within the context of persistent characterizations of Vermont as an environmental leader with abundant environmental benefits.
A New Species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Braconidae, Rogadinae) with Potential for Biological Control of Spodoptera spp. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), and Notes on the Definition of the gastritor, circumscriptus, and Related Species-Groups
Authors: Shimbori Eduardo Mitio , Takahashi Tamara Akemi , Watanabe Isabela Midori , Penteado-Dias Angélica Maria , Foerster Luís Amilton , Shaw Scott Richard , Parra José Roberto Postali
Published: September 2023

A new species of Aleiodes Wesmael in the gastritor Thunberg species-group is described and illustrated. The new species, Aleiodes ceres Shimbori sp.n., occurs in Southern Brazil and Argentina. It is a potential biological control agent of caterpillars in the genus Spodoptera Guenée, namely S. cosmioides (Walker), S. eridania (Stoll), and S. frugiperda (J.E. Smith), which are serious pests on major crops including maize and soybean. The position of the new species within Aleiodes is discussed in relation to existing proposals of subdivisions of the genus into species-groups. In agreement with recent publications, the gastritor species-group is treated as separate from the circumscriptus Nees/bicolor Spinola group, as evidence suggests the latter is absent in the New World. We also propose the provisional shakirae Shimbori & Shaw species-group, to accommodate a clade of Neotropical species with geometrid hosts and morphological features similar to the gastritor and circumscriptus groups. A key to Neotropical species in the gastritor group and similar species is provided, except for species recently named without a morphological description.
Understanding Nigeria’s transition pathway to carbon neutrality using the Multilevel Perspective
Authors: Ogbonna Chukwuemeka G. , Nwachi Christy C. , Okeoma Immaculata O. , Fagbami Oluwatosin A.
Published: September 2023

Nigeria, at the 2021 Conference of Parties (COP26) meeting in Glasgow announced a commitment to transitioning her carbon economy to reach net-zero by 2060. One year after, the country’s drive for carbon neutrality is shrouded with uncertainties despite numerous policies targeted at it. This study employed the Multilevel Perspective (MLP) and PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, Environmental) analytical framework to assess the politics of low-carbon transition in Nigeria. We used a triangulation of literature review, document analysis, and survey to build the theoretical, historical, and empirical bases for the enquiry. The findings show that the current low-carbon transition process is characterised by few potential drivers and many barriers with critical uncertainty effects. The key drivers are: Nigeria’s potentials for carbon sink/nature-based solutions; vast renewable energy resources; strong niche market demand; and huge opportunities for employment in the renewable energy sector. The major barriers are: poor management of the energy regime; weak infrastructural base; dependence on global climate fund; fossil fuel-based economy; cost of renewable energy options; and impacts of climate change, among others. The barriers with critical impacts outweigh the potential drivers at the ratio of 4:1 thereby playing greater role in characterizing Nigeria’s transition pathway as the ‘reconfiguration transition pathway’ within the ‘emergent transformation context.’ Therefore, unless the identified regime barriers are eliminated, the current transition pathway may not deliver the low-carbon targets. Considering the huge mitigation potentials of Nigeria’s vast forests and natural ecosystem for carbon sink, the study recommends investment in nature-based solutions in synergy with energy system management as the most convenient and cost-effective pathway to attaining carbon neutrality by 2060.
Low-to-Moderate Arsenic Exposure and Urothelial Tract Cancers with a Long Latent Period of Follow-Up in an Arseniasis Area
Authors: Liao Pei-Ju , Lee Chih-Hung , Wang Shu-Li , Chiou Hung-Yi , Chen Chien-Jen , Seak Chen-June , Wu I-Wen , Hsu Kuang-Hung
Published: September 2023

Background

Arsenic exposure can cause adverse health effects. The effects of long-term low-to-moderate exposure and methylations remain unclear.

Objective

This study aims to examine the association between low-to-moderate arsenic exposure and urothelial tract cancers while considering the effects of methylation capacity.

Methods

In this study, 5,811 participants were recruited from an arseniasis area in Taiwan for inorganic arsenic metabolite analysis. This follow-up study was conducted between August 1995 and December 2017. We identified 85 urothelial tract cancers in these participants, including 49 bladder and 36 upper urothelial tract cancer cases. A Cox proportional hazards model was employed.

Results

The analyses revealed a significant association between concentrations of inorganic arsenic in water > 100 ug/L and bladder cancer occurrence, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 4.88 (95% CI 1.35–17.61). A monotonic trend was observed between concentrations of inorganic arsenic in water (from 0 to > 100 ug/L) and the incidence of urothelial tract cancer, including bladder cancer (p < 0.05) and upper urothelial tract cancers (p < 0.05). Participants with a lower primary methylation index or higher secondary methylation index had a prominent effect.

Conclusions

Rigorous regulations and active interventions should be considered for populations with susceptible characteristics.
Towards a Citizen- and Citizenry-Centric Digitalization of the Urban Environment: Urban Digital Twinning as Commoning
Authors: Calzati Stefano , van Loenen Bastiaan
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we make a case for (1) a sociotechnical understanding and (2) a commoning approach to the governance of digital twin technologies applied to the urban environment. The European Union has reinstated many times over the willingness to pursue a citizen-centric approach to digital transformation. However, recent studies show the limits of a human right-based only approach in that this overlooks consequences of data-driven technologies at societal level. The need to synthesize an individual-based and collective-based approach within an ecosystemic vision is key, especially when it comes to cities, which are complex systems affected by problems whose solutions require forms of self-organization. Tackling the limitations of current tech-centered and practice-first city digital twin (CDT) projects in Europe, in this article, we conceptualize the idea of urban digital twinning (UDT) as a process that is contextual, iterative, and participatory. Unpacking the normative understanding of data-as-resource, we claim that a commoning approach to data allows enacting a fair ecosystemic vision of the digitalization of the urban environment which is ultimately both citizen- and citizenry-centric.
Participation of scheduled caste youth in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Tamil Nadu: a critical analysis
Authors: Lalitha S. , Karpagam N. , Sona S. , Roul Avilash
Published: September 2023

For achieving the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) it is very much called for the meaningful participation of the youth. The young population in India is sizable, diversified, and affected by a wide range of problems. Due to their social status and caste rigidity, youth from Scheduled Castes (SC) are vulnerable. Despite numerous laws and programs, Tamil Nadu’s programs for SC youth have a lower-than-average active participation rate. Their transition and social development are negatively impacted by poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, discrimination, and the lack of opportunities. Numerous empirical studies have examined the status of SCs in terms of their involvement in work and education, but none have yet studied their participation in accomplishing the SDGs. This paper examines how SC youth in Tamil Nadu participated in the SDGs. Subsequently, it offers an inclusive strategy to increase SC youth participation in accomplishing the SDGs.
Students’ perceptions of the natural world and their attitudes toward ecological issues: What is the relationship between them?
Authors: Bayati Irene
Published: September 2023

This study examines the perceptions and attitudes of 234 Greek secondary school students regarding ecological issues arising from human intervention in food webs. The results of this study indicate that the following factors are crucial for students’ attitudes toward environmental protection: scientific knowledge, perceptions of the relationship between humans and nature and personal motivations. It was found that those students who understand the interconnectedness of populations in food webs are able to evaluate arguments on an ecological issue and have positive attitudes toward environmental protection. However, students who have limited knowledge in evaluating arguments make decisions to solve environmental problems based on their perception of human-nature relationships. Thus, it has been shown that students who adopt an ecocentric or biocentric view sometimes adopt a negative or neutral attitude toward environmental protection because their incomplete knowledge leads them to misjudge the ecological impact of the proposed solutions. This study confirms that the development of values is best accompanied by the development of basic ecological knowledge. It also recognizes the usefulness of food webs as a means of revealing students’ worldviews. Finally, the food web proves to be a specific indicator of the attitudes studied.
Design representation for performance evaluation of 3D shapes in structure-aware generative design
Authors: Li Xingang , Xie Charles , Sha Zhenghui
Published: September 2023

Data-driven generative design (DDGD) methods utilize deep neural networks to create novel designs based on existing data. The structure-aware DDGD method can handle complex geometries and automate the assembly of separate components into systems, showing promise in facilitating creative designs. However, determining the appropriate vectorized design representation (VDR) to evaluate 3D shapes generated from the structure-aware DDGD model remains largely unexplored. To that end, we conducted a comparative analysis of surrogate models’ performance in predicting the engineering performance of 3D shapes using VDRs from two sources: the trained latent space of structure-aware DDGD models encoding structural and geometric information and an embedding method encoding only geometric information. We conducted two case studies: one involving 3D car models focusing on drag coefficients and the other involving 3D aircraft models considering both drag and lift coefficients. Our results demonstrate that using latent vectors as VDRs can significantly deteriorate surrogate models’ predictions. Moreover, increasing the dimensionality of the VDRs in the embedding method may not necessarily improve the prediction, especially when the VDRs contain more information irrelevant to the engineering performance. Therefore, when selecting VDRs for surrogate modeling, the latent vectors obtained from training structure-aware DDGD models must be used with caution, although they are more accessible once training is complete. The underlying physics associated with the engineering performance should be paid attention. This paper provides empirical evidence for the effectiveness of different types of VDRs of structure-aware DDGD for surrogate modeling, thus facilitating the construction of better surrogate models for AI-generated designs.
Self-sustained azimuthal aeroacoustic modes. Part 1. Symmetry breaking of the mean flow by spinning waves
Authors: Faure-Beaulieu Abel , Xiong Yuan , Pedergnana Tiemo , Noiray Nicolas
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we study the aeroacoustic instability which occurs in a deep axisymmetric cavity in a turbulent pipe flow. This phenomenon is the axisymmetric counterpart of the classical whistling of a rectangular deep cavity subject to a grazing flow. The whistling of such axisymmetric cavity originates from the interaction of the coherent fluctuations of the vorticity at the cavity's opening with one of its trapped azimuthal or radial acoustic modes. We focus here on the situation involving the first pure azimuthal mode, which is trapped in the cavity. As a consequence of the rotational symmetry of the configuration, azimuthal modes are actually pairs of degenerate eigenmodes, or almost degenerate in the presence of small asymmetries. Therefore, the aeroacoustic instabilities exhibit more complex mechanisms than in the case of a rectangular deep cavity. In particular, we show that self-sustained spinning modes induce a symmetry breaking of the mean flow and we will elucidate the details of this phenomenon. To that end, simultaneous acoustic and time-resolved stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements are performed. They reveal that when large-amplitude aeroacoustic waves spin around the cavity, a quasi-steady mean flow starts whirling slowly in the opposite direction to the wave propagation. A linear perturbation analysis around an axisymmetric mean flow confirms the experimental observations: although the incoming pipe flow is not swirling, the hydrodynamic component of the aeroacoustic wave induces such whirling motion of the mean flow because of the forcing from the steady part of the coherent Reynolds stress tensor.
East Germany and the lost German East: Dresden–Wrocław ‘socialist friendship’ after Nazism and forced migration
Authors: Demshuk Andrew
Published: September 2023

In 1959, East German Dresden and western Polish Wrocław were twinned to promote cross-border contact between political leaders, worker delegations and cultural groups. Officially formed to promote worker solidarity among friendly East Bloc regimes, in practice the inter-relationship exposed a troubling history that was just below the surface. In the recent aftermath of Nazi defeat, the German population of Breslau (over 600,000 people) had fled or been expelled from a city which had long been German. At the same time that Breslau became Polish Wrocław, a significant number of old Breslauers settled in the East German province of Saxony, especially Dresden. This article uses archival and published sources to show how, under the umbrella of worker exchanges, field trips and official amity, the sister-city programme unintentionally became a venue for German exiles from Breslau to encounter Wrocławian delegations in Dresden and to return ‘home’ to discover Wrocław’s post-war Polish reality.
From post-war reconciliation to European integration? Competing historicities of ‘exchange’ in European small-town twinning
Authors: Langenohl Andreas
Published: September 2023

Town twinning is often seen as a linear driving force of European integration. This article argues that town twinning’s historicity is more complex. The initial post-war period, according to today’s practitioners’ accounts, was characterized by a high degree of personal involvement which transformed into an exposure to relationship uncertainty. By way of contrast, twinning practices since the 1990s are reported as being driven by a more managerial logic. The shift from the imaginary of ‘reconciliation’ to that of ‘integration’ comes along with a change in twinning practices, the distribution of responsibilities and the share of personal involvement and exposure.
Navigating electricity dependencies in Cold War Berlin: an instructive history of urban infrastructure security
Authors: Moss Timothy
Published: September 2023

This article explores how political division manifested itself in the electricity systems of West and East Berlin and analyses the strategies of both throughout the 40 years of the Cold War. It reveals how the goal of full energy independence propagated by both West and East proved illusory for material, geopolitical, institutional, economic and environmental reasons. Apart from vestiges of past interdependence, pressures to collaborate gained impetus from the 1970s onwards. The Berlin experience, the article concludes, generates lessons for navigating socio-technical in-/interdependencies over electricity infrastructures in geopolitically contested contexts by highlighting the material politics of urban energy history.
Team gesucht
Authors: Böhmer Dietmar
Published: September 2023

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt?

Die zwischenmenschlichen Dynamiken zwischen psychiatrisch Pflegenden in Teams sind zwar immer wieder im Fokus von Supervisionen. Die inhaltliche Aufarbeitung eines häufig auftauchenden Phänomens bleibt hinter der Relevanz deutlich zurück.

Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht?

Der Artikel versteht sich als Erfahrungsbericht aus der Praxis für die Praxis. Neu ist der Ansatz, die dialektische Sicht von therapeutischen Interventionen durch Pflegende im Hinblick auf eine positive Selbstwirksamkeit sowohl bei Patient_innen als auch Pflegenden stärker als bisher zu betrachten und zu bewerten.

Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis?

Mögliche Auswirkungen sind die Notwendigkeit, persönliche Kompetenzen der Pflegenden vor Aufnahme einer Tätigkeit zu prüfen (Assessment im Hinblick auf introspektives und reflexive Potenzial) und weiterhin Fachkompetenzen an der Schnittstelle therapeutische Interventionen auszubauen und zu fördern.
Gegen Kopfkino wirkt Ablenkung
Authors: Michgehl Dirk
Published: September 2023

Mein Name ist Dirk Michgehl. Zur Zeit bin ich 57 Jahre alt. Ich habe 32 Jahre Sucht und Abhängigkeit hinter mich gebracht. Bei der Begutachtung zur Gerichtsverhandlung wurden einige Persönlichkeitsstörungen bestätigt, deren Diagnosen bis dahin noch nicht alle gestellt worden waren. Verurteilt wurde ich 2011 zu acht Jahren Freiheitsstrafe. Seit dem 27. November 2011 lebe ich clean und dabei hat die Schreibwerkstatt ein gutes Stück ihren Beitrag geleistet. Die Prognose war, dass ich mich nicht ändern könnte.
Increased Grain Crop Production Intensifies the Water Crisis in Northern China
Authors: Li Xiaojie , Zhang Yongqiang , Ma Ning , Zhang Xuanze , Tian Jing , Zhang Lu , McVicar Tim R. , Wang Enli , Xu Junzeng
Published: September 2023

Growing crop production increases agricultural water consumption (AWC), but whether these two factors are matched in northern and southern China in the past two decades remains controversial. Here we used a remote sensing‐based water‐carbon coupling model combined with satellite observations to quantify the crop production, AWC, and water deficit changes in China over 2003–2018. We show that in northern China, crop production and AWC significantly (p < 0.05) increased, mainly due to planting area expansion, and the increasing rates were 2.6 and 6.2 times greater than those in southern China. The increasing irrigation demand in northern China greatly reduced the availability of stored terrestrial water and could not be met by the agricultural water supply in the next two decades. Our results show that the conflict between the limited agricultural water supply and the increasing irrigation demand cannot be resolved by the South‐to‐North Water Diversion Project, and better management in water resources and crop production is needed to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Carbon Dioxide Released From Subducted Oceanic Crust by Hydrous Carbonatitic Liquids
Authors: Zhang Yanfei , Wang Chao , Li Wei , Jin Zhenmin
Published: September 2023

Aqueous fluids are essential to extract slab‐trapped carbon at forearc to subarc depths and interpret the decarbonation efficiency of global subduction zones. A large amount of carbon survives beyond subarc depths. The behavior of such carbon, however, remains unclear owing to a lack of experimental studies. Here, we investigate the decarbonation behavior of carbonated oceanic crust containing different amounts of H2O at pressures from subarc depths to the top of the mantle transition zone. We find that calcium‐rich carbonatitic liquids can form at temperatures of ∼950–1,150°C at depths below ∼150–300 km, corresponding to warm/cold thermal regimes in most subduction zones. Therefore, hydrous carbonatitic liquids should be pervasive in subduction zones, while extensive dehydration reactions and fluid activities are critical for creating carbonatitic liquids and preventing most of the surviving carbon from being subducted into the deep Earth.
A New Model of Crystallization in Magmas: Impact of Pre‐Exponential Factor of Crystal Nucleation Rate on Cooling Rate Exponent and Log‐Linear Crystal Size Distribution
Authors: Toramaru Atsushi , Kichise Tsuyoshi
Published: September 2023

The processes that control the crystallization of magmas, namely nucleation and growth, remain poorly constrained. Classical nucleation theory (CNT) has so far not provided a unified framework to explain crystal number density in laboratory experiments and the field. We use numerical experiments to study the influence of different cooling rates and CNT parameters on the crystal number density measured under constrained conditions in laboratory experiments. With varying the magnitude of pre‐exponential factor (J0) of nucleation rate, which represents the number of cluster as heterogeneous nucleation sites, we find that the cooling rate exponent (ξ) of the crystal number density varies from 3/2 to −1, depending on the magnitude of J0, cooling rate and surface tension. Using the regime maps of ξ as functions of J0 and surface tension, we can successfully interpret the diversity of cooling rate exponents reported by laboratory experiments in terms of J0 and surface tension. For extreme case of a negative cooling rate exponent ξ = −1, we propose a new crystallization model with constant rates of nucleation and crystallization, which reproduces a log‐linear crystal size distribution. In this condition, it is interesting that the crystal growth rate is inversely proportional to time, even if the diffusion‐limited growth is inversely proportional to the square root of time. For the case study of zoning profiles in microlites formed by decompression‐induced crystallization during the Shinmoedake 2011 subplinian eruptions, the comparison between theoretical predictions and natural volcanic products supports that our model is well applicable to magma ascent processes.
Clonal haematopoiesis - a novel entity that modifies pathological processes in elderly
Authors: Belotserkovskaya Ekaterina , Golotin Vasily , Uyanik Burhan , Demidov Oleg N.
Published: September 2023

Progress in the development of new sequencing techniques with wider accessibility and higher sensitivity of the protocol of deciphering genome particularities led to the discovery of a new phenomenon – clonal haematopoiesis. It is characterized by the presence in the bloodstream of elderly people a minor clonal population of cells with mutations in certain genes, but without any sign of disease related to the hematopoietic system. Here we will review this recent advancement in the field of clonal haematopoiesis and how it may affect the disease’s development in old age.
Stromal vascular fraction in the treatment of myositis
Authors: Gandolfi S. , Pileyre B. , Drouot L. , Dubus I. , Auquit-Auckbur I. , Martinet J.
Published: September 2023

Muscle regeneration is a physiological process that converts satellite cells into mature myotubes under the influence of an inflammatory environment progressively replaced by an anti-inflammatory environment, with precise crosstalk between immune and muscular cells. If the succession of these phases is disturbed, the immune system can sometimes become auto-reactive, leading to chronic muscular inflammatory diseases, such as myositis. The triggers of these autoimmune myopathies remain mostly unknown, but the main mechanisms of pathogenesis are partially understood. They involve chronic inflammation, which could be associated with an auto-reactive immune response, and gradually with a decrease in the regenerative capacities of the muscle, leading to its degeneration, fibrosis and vascular architecture deterioration. Immunosuppressive treatments can block the first part of the process, but sometimes muscle remains weakened, or even still deteriorates, due to the exhaustion of its capacities. For patients refractory to immunosuppressive therapies, mesenchymal stem cells have shown interesting effects but their use is limited by their availability. Stromal vascular fraction, which can easily be extracted from adipose tissue, has shown good tolerance and possible therapeutic benefits in several degenerative and autoimmune diseases. However, despite the increasing use of stromal vascular fraction, the therapeutically active components within this heterogeneous cellular product are ill-defined and the mechanisms by which this therapy might be active remain insufficiently understood. We review herein the current knowledge on the mechanisms of action of stromal vascular fraction and hypothesise on how it could potentially respond to some of the unmet treatment needs of refractory myositis.
Cross-species analysis of SHH medulloblastoma models reveals significant inhibitory effects of trametinib on tumor progression
Authors: Borlase Stephanie , DeCarlo Alexandria , Coudière-Morrison Ludivine , Liang Lisa , Porter Christopher J. , Ramaswamy Vijay , Werbowetski-Ogilvie Tamra E.
Published: September 2023

Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastomas (MBs) exhibit an intermediate prognosis and extensive intertumoral heterogeneity. While SHH pathway antagonists are effective in post-pubertal patients, younger patients exhibit significant side effects, and tumors that harbor mutations in downstream SHH pathway genes will be drug resistant. Thus, novel targeted therapies are needed. Here, we performed preclinical testing of the potent MEK inhibitor (MEKi) trametinib on tumor properties across 2 human and 3 mouse SHH MB models in vitro and in 3 orthotopic MB xenograft models in vivo. Trametinib significantly reduces tumorsphere size, stem/progenitor cell proliferation, viability, and migration. RNA-sequencing on human and mouse trametinib treated cells corroborated these findings with decreased expression of cell cycle, stem cell pathways and SHH-pathway related genes concomitant with increases in genes associated with cell death and ciliopathies. Importantly, trametinib also decreases tumor growth and increases survival in vivo. Cell cycle related E2F target gene sets are significantly enriched for genes that are commonly downregulated in both trametinib treated tumorspheres and primary xenografts. However, IL6/JAK STAT3 and TNFα/NFκB signaling gene sets are specifically upregulated following trametinib treatment in vivo indicative of compensatory molecular changes following long-term MEK inhibition. Our study reveals a novel role for trametinib in effectively attenuating SHH MB tumor progression and warrants further investigation of this potent MEK1/2 inhibitor either alone or in combination with other targeted therapies for the treatment of SHH MB exhibiting elevated MAPK pathway activity.
Integrated meta-omics approaches reveal Saccharopolyspora as the core functional genus in huangjiu fermentations
Authors: Liu Shuangping , Zhang Zhi-Feng , Mao Jieqi , Zhou Zhilei , Zhang Jing , Shen Caihong , Wang Songtao , Marco Maria L. , Mao Jian
Published: September 2023

Identification of the core functional microorganisms in food fermentations is necessary to understand the ecological and functional processes for making those foods. Wheat qu, which provides liquefaction and saccharifying power, and affects the flavor quality, is a key ingredient in ancient alcoholic huangjiu fermentation, while core microbiota of them still remains indistinct. In this study, metagenomics, metabolomics, microbial isolation and co-fermentation were used to investigate huangjiu. Although Aspergillus is usually regarded as core microorganism in wheat qu to initiate huangjiu fermentations, our metagenomic analysis showed that bacteria Saccharopolyspora are predominant in wheat qu and responsible for breakdown of starch and cellulose. Metabolic network and correlation analysis showed that Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula, Saccharopolyspora erythraea, and Saccharopolyspora hirsuta made the greatest contributions to huangjiu’s metabolites, consisting of alcohols (phenylethanol, isoamylol and isobutanol), esters, amino acids (Pro, Arg, Glu and Ala) and organic acids (lactate, tartrate, acetate and citrate). S. hirsuta J2 isolated from wheat qu had the highest amylase, glucoamylase and protease activities. Co-fermentations of S. hirsuta J2 with S. cerevisiae HJ resulted in a higher fermentation rate and alcohol content, and huangjiu flavors were more similar to that of traditional huangjiu compared to co-fermentations of Aspergillus or Lactiplantibacillus with S. cerevisiae HJ. Genome of S. hirsuta J2 contained genes encoding biogenic amine degradation enzymes. By S. hirsuta J2 inoculation, biogenic amine content was reduced by 45%, 43% and 62% in huangjiu, sausage and soy sauce, respectively. These findings show the utility of Saccharopolyspora as a key functional organism in fermented food products.
Endogenous tenocyte activation underlies the regenerative capacity of the adult zebrafish tendon
Authors: Tsai Stephanie L. , Villaseñor Steffany , Shah Rishita R. , Galloway Jenna L.
Published: September 2023

Tendons are essential, frequently injured connective tissues that transmit forces from muscle to bone. Their unique highly ordered, matrix-rich structure is critical for proper function. While adult mammalian tendons heal after acute injuries, endogenous tendon cells, or tenocytes, fail to respond appropriately, resulting in the formation of disorganized fibrovascular scar tissue with impaired function and increased propensity for re-injury. Here, we show that, unlike mammals, adult zebrafish tenocytes activate upon injury and fully regenerate the tendon. Using a full tear injury model in the adult zebrafish craniofacial tendon, we defined the hallmark stages and cellular basis of tendon regeneration through multiphoton imaging, lineage tracing, and transmission electron microscopy approaches. Remarkably, we observe that zebrafish tendons regenerate and restore normal collagen matrix ultrastructure by 6 months post-injury (mpi). Tendon regeneration progresses in three main phases: inflammation within 24 h post-injury (hpi), cellular proliferation and formation of a cellular bridge between the severed tendon ends at 3–5 days post-injury (dpi), and re-differentiation and matrix remodeling beginning from 5 dpi to 6 mpi. Importantly, we demonstrate that pre-existing tenocytes are the main cellular source of regeneration, proliferating and migrating upon injury to ultimately bridge the tendon ends. Finally, we show that TGF-β signaling is required for tenocyte recruitment and bridge formation. Collectively, our work debuts and aptly positions the adult zebrafish tendon as an invaluable comparative system to elucidate regenerative mechanisms that may inspire new therapeutic strategies.