bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variability Studies in Dolichos Bean (Lablab purpureus L.) for Yield and Yield Traits
Authors: P. B. Revanth , D. Lakshmana , B. Manjunatha , K. Rajashekharappa , H B. Mallikarjuna
Published: November 2024

Aims: To study the genetic variability by phenotypic coefficient of variation, genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean in advanced breeding lines of Dolichos bean.
Study Design: Augmented RCBD with six blocks.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shivamogga, during Late Kharif 2023.
Methodology: The experimental material consisted of 64 advanced breeding lines of Dolichos bean including four checks viz., Hebbal avere-1, Hebbal avere-3, Hebbal avere-4 and Arka Jaya.
Results: Analysis of variance revealed that significant variation was observed among the genotypes for all the characters studied. A high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was observed for pods per plant (48.10%) followed by pod yield per plant, clusters per plant, pods per cluster, plant height and pod width, which indicates better scope for improvement of characters. A high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was observed for pod yield per plant (50%) followed by pods per plant, clusters per plant, pods per cluster, plant height and pod width. High heritability (>60%) was observed for all the traits studied. High heritability combined with high genetic advance as percent of mean was found for pods per plant (95.49%) followed by pod yield per plant, clusters per plant, pods per cluster, pod width and plant height which indicates that improvement of these charateristics through selection can be possible due to additive gene action.
Conclusion: Yield can be increased by selecting the number of pods per plant, pod yield per plant, seed yield per plant number of cluster per pod, number of pods per plant and plant height.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Growth, Yield, Quality and Economics of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Mukhi S.K. , Sardar S.S. , Bar N. , Mishra P.J.
Published: November 2024

A field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of integrated nutrient management practices on growth, yield and economics of mustard during the rabi season of 2022-23 at farmer’s field in Kandhamal district of Odisha under Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kandhamal, OUAT, Bhubaneswar. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisted of four treatments with seven replications. The treatments comprised of T1: Farmer’s practice (FYM @ 0.5 t ha-1, average fertilizer @ 20.5-23-0 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1), T2: STBFR + FYM @ 2 t ha-1 + Biofertilizers (Azotobacter, Azospirillum and PSB @ 1:1:1, 4 kg each per ha, T3: RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + S @ 25 kg ha-1  and B @ 1 kg ha-1and T4: STBFR + FYM @ 2 t ha-1 + Soil application of Zn @ 5kg ha-1 and B @ 1kg ha-1 along with S @ 40 kg ha-1. The significantly higher growth attributes viz., plant height, number of primary and total branches per plant, Yield attributes viz., number of siliqua per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, test weight and seed and stover yield as well as quality and economic parameters viz., oil content, oil yield, gross and net return and B:C ratio recorded under STBFR + FYM @ 2 t ha-1 + Zn @ 5 kg ha-1 + S @ 40 kg ha-1 + B @ 1 kg ha-1 over rest of the tratment combinations.
Optimizing Micronutrient Management for Improved Growth and Yield of Broccoli Varieties in Coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Joy , Kumar Sushanto , Sarker Tithi , Saha Susmita Rani
Published: November 2024

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.) is a nutrient-dense vegetable, widely valued for its health-promoting properties, yet its cultivation in Bangladesh is hindered by nutrient deficiencies and limited adoption of effective fertilization practices. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of boron (B) and zinc (Zn) application on the growth, yield, and quality of two broccoli varieties— ‘Green Carpet’ and ‘Early You’—in the Gangetic Tidal Floodplain region, where soil deficiencies in these micronutrients are common. A two-factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was employed, with treatments consisting of four B and Zn application levels: control (M0), 2 kg B + 4 kg Zn ha⁻¹ (M1), 2.5 kg B + 4.5 kg Zn ha⁻¹ (M2), and 3 kg B + 5 kg Zn ha⁻¹ (M3). Growth parameters, curd characteristics, and yield were measured to determine the optimal nutrient application level and variety for local conditions.
The findings revealed that the combination of 2 kg B + 4 kg Zn ha⁻¹ (M1) with the ‘Early You’ variety (V2) produced the most significant improvements in plant height, leaf growth, stem length and diameter, and primary curd size. The combination of ‘Early variety’ and 2 kg B + 4 kg Zn ha⁻¹ treatment significantly reduced days to curd initiation and produced the highest yield per hectare (20.18 tons), outperforming the control treatment (13.01 tons). This combination also resulted in higher dry weight and greater nutritional density of the broccoli curds, emphasizing the critical role of B and Zn in promoting growth, structural robustness, and curd development. Both primary and secondary curd weights were notably enhanced under M1, particularly with ‘Early You’, highlighting the synergistic effect of variety-specific nutrient optimization.
These results underscore the potential of tailored boron and zinc applications to address soil nutrient deficiencies and optimize broccoli production under Bangladesh’s unique agroecological conditions. By adopting the recommended M1 micronutrient treatment and prioritizing the ‘Early You’ variety, local farmers can achieve higher yields and improved broccoli quality, contributing to enhanced food security and economic sustainability in the region. This study provides a foundational framework for future research on nutrient management strategies in broccoli and serves as a model for other regions with similar soil nutrient constraints.
Trial on the Production and Use of Compost Made from Pterygota bequaertii Crushed Material and Terminalia ivorensis a Chev Crushed Material for the Production of Gmelina arborea Seedlings : A Study from Daloa, Central Western Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Raymond Kouame Adou Pangny , Noël Groga , Oscar Kouadio Kan Alain
Published: November 2024

The over-exploitation of natural resources in the semi-deciduous forests of the Côte d'Ivoire forest zone has led to the degradation of the vegetation cover. This has reduced the ecological continuity of the semi-deciduous forest biomes in the forest zone. To restore these ecosystems, plantations of agroforestry species are recommended. However, nursery production of these types of trees using seed or vegetative propagation techniques faces a number of problems, such as the use of substrates with unfavourable physico-chemical properties and often contaminated with pathogens. This article presents the results of a trial conducted at the UJLOG experimental plot in Daloa to produce and evaluate the agronomic characteristics of compost made from Pterygota bequaertii and Terminalia Ivorensis A Chev for the production of Gmelina arborea seedlings. To this end, after the compost was made, four compost-based substrates and a forest humus-based control were prepared, characterised from a physical and chemical point of view and tested in the nursery. Seedling growth and root regeneration capacity measured in the nursery, as well as recovery after planting, were the parameters used to judge the quality of the seedlings and the effect of the compost. The results show that pterygota bequaertii and Terminalia Ivorensis A Chev have good composting properties, and their compost can be easily produced with or without a stimulator. The behaviour of the plants in the five substrates also showed that significant qualitative improvements were recorded in the plants reared in the compost-based substrates compared with the control plants. The results obtained show that the constituent elements of the substrates (droppings, bursa, carbonised sawdust) combined with pterygota bequaertii grindings and Terminalia Ivorensis A Chev grindings, depending on how they are prepared, have a significant effect on the physico-chemical parameters recorded (pH, total porosity, aeration and retention porosity, electrical conductivity, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc.); electrical conductivity, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), and consequently, on germination (germination percentage) and vegetative behaviour (height, diameter, number of leaves and robustness ratio), as well as a better root regeneration capacity and a better recovery of the Gmelina arborea plants in the field compared with the control plants (forest compost). It is therefore possible to improve the quality of Gmelina arborea seedlings by using pterygota bequaertii compost and Terminalia Ivorensis A Chev as a growing medium instead of forest compost.
Market Integration of Domestic and International Cotton Prices
Authors: Radha S. , Suhasini K. , Alibaba MD. , Reddy D. Srinivasa , Chary D. Srinivasa
Published: November 2024

Market integration is perceived as a precondition for effective market reform in developing countries. The current study on cointegration analysis was taken up to analyse how different spatially separated cotton markets are inter-connected and impact the price change in one market on other markets. Monthly prices for the period January 2010 to February 2024 from the markets viz., Cotlook-A Index, Chinese spot market, Rajkot in Gujarat, Hinganghat in Maharashtra, Adilabad and Warangal in Telangana were used for the analysis. Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Johansen's multivariate Cointegration approach, Granger causality test, and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) were used to test the study the long-run spatial integration. The study confirmed the presence of market cointegration. The pair-wise Granger causality test identified the bidirectional and unidirectional relationship between markets chosen. Cotlook A- Index, China and Adilabad markets affected most of the markets unidirectionally and acted as lead markets. The VECM inferred that China, Rajkot and Hinganghat markets attained equilibrium rapidly in short run. Thus, the cotton markets were highly integrated in India. Thus, Stabilizing the prices in one market would influence the other markets improving competitiveness and market efficiency.
Perspectives of Greek Adults Who are Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing About Their Educational Experiences
Authors: Miller Kevin J. , Morfidi Eleni , Okalidou Areti , Soulis Spyridon-Georgios
Published: November 2024

Fifteen Greek adults who are deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) were interviewed as part of a qualitative study examining their perspectives as students during primary, secondary, or postsecondary education. Research on the perspectives of adults who are DHH involving all three levels of education is limited in Greece. This study focuses on four primary questions addressing the following topics: academic and social experiences in elementary and secondary school; preparation for postsecondary education; academic and social experiences in postsecondary education; and suggestions to improve the education of students who are DHH. To explore these questions in depth, an interview guide was developed consisting of 31 items, nine demographic and 22 yes/no or open-ended questions. Responses to a subset of the yes/no or open-ended questions are highlighted in this article. Several themes emerged from the data including deficiencies in vocabulary, language, and literacy skills; concerns about general education classrooms; limited communication access; insufficient educational supports; difficulty developing friendships; shortcomings in teacher preparation, and a lack of variety in teaching methods. Based on these themes, the article concludes by suggesting areas Greece needs to address to improve the educational experiences and outcomes of students who are DHH.
Molecular Magnets Based on Graphenes and Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Jian , Deng Ya , Hu Xiao , Chi Xiannian , Liu Jia , Chu Weiguo , Sun Lianfeng
Published: November 2018

Molecular magnets are demonstrated to provide a promising way to realize nanometer‐scale structures with a stable spin orientation. Herein, first a description of conventional molecular magnets coupled with sp2 carbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphenes, is given. Then, progress on ferromagnetism in sp2 carbon nanomaterials due to the existence of defects or topological structures as the spin units, which makes the sp2 materials themselves act as a novel class of molecular magnets, is reviewed, and a scheme of controllable synthesis of the molecular magnets at the sheared ends of carbon nanotubes is proposed. To conclude, remarks on some challenges and perspectives in the synthesis of carbon nanotube arrays with orderly sheared ends as integrated molecular magnets are provided.
Truly Concomitant and Independently Expressed Short‐ and Long‐Term Plasticity in a Bi2O2Se‐Based Three‐Terminal Memristor
Authors: Zhang Ziyang , Li Tianran , Wu Yujie , Jia Yinjun , Tan Congwei , Xu Xintong , Wang Guanrui , Lv Juan , Zhang Wei , He Yuhan , Pei Jing , Ma Cheng , Li Guoqi , Xu Haizheng , Shi Luping , Peng Hailin , Li Huanglong
Published: November 2018

Concomitance of diverse synaptic plasticity across different timescales produces complex cognitive processes. To achieve comparable cognitive complexity in memristive neuromorphic systems, devices that are capable of emulating short‐term (STP) and long‐term plasticity (LTP) concomitantly are essential. In existing memristors, however, STP and LTP can only be induced selectively because of the inability to be decoupled using different loci and mechanisms. In this work, the first demonstration of truly concomitant STP and LTP is reported in a three‐terminal memristor that uses independent physical phenomena to represent each form of plasticity. The emerging layered material Bi2O2Se is used for memristors for the first time, opening up the prospects for ultrathin, high‐speed, and low‐power neuromorphic devices. The concerted action of STP and LTP allows full‐range modulation of the transient synaptic efficacy, from depression to facilitation, by stimulus frequency or intensity, providing a versatile device platform for neuromorphic function implementation. A heuristic recurrent neural circuitry model is developed to simulate the intricate “sleep–wake cycle autoregulation” process, in which the concomitance of STP and LTP is posited as a key factor in enabling this neural homeostasis. This work sheds new light on the development of generic memristor platforms for highly dynamic neuromorphic computing.
In Situ Solid Electrolyte Interphase from Spray Quenching on Molten Li: A New Way to Construct High‐Performance Lithium‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Liu Sufu , Xia Xinhui , Deng Shengjue , Xie Dong , Yao Zhujun , Zhang Liyuan , Zhang Shengzhao , Wang Xiuli , Tu Jiangping
Published: November 2018

Uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites and low utilization of active Li severely hinder its practical application. Construction of an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on Li is demonstrated as one of the most effective ways to circumvent the above problems. Herein, a novel spray quenching method is developed in situ to fabricate an organic–inorganic composite SEI on Li metal. By spray quenching molten Li in a modified ether‐based solution, a homogeneous and dense SEI consisting of organic matrix embedded with inorganic LiF and Li3N nanocrystallines (denoted as OIFN) is constructed on Li metal. Arising from high ionic conductivity and strong mechanical stability, the OIFN can not only effectively minimize the corrosion reaction of Li, but also greatly suppresses the dendrite growth. Accordingly, the OIFN‐Li anode presents prominent electrochemical performance with an enhanced Coulombic efficiency of 98.15% for 200 cycles and a small hysteresis of <450 mV even at ultrahigh current density up to 10 mA cm−2. More importantly, during the full cell test with limited Li source, a high utilization of Li up to 40.5% is achieved for the OIFN‐Li anode. The work provides a brand‐new route to fabricate advanced SEI on alkali metal for high‐performance alkali‐metal batteries.
Synthesis of 4‐Alkenyl Benzoxazoles via Pd‐catalyzed ortho C−H Functionalization of 2‐Amidophenols
Authors: Panda Niranjan , Sahoo Kanchanbala
Published: November 2018

A one‐pot direct transformation to remotely C−H alkene functionalized 2‐aryl benzoxazoles from the reaction of amidophenol and electronically deficient olefin was reported. Control experiments confirm that the Pd‐catalyzed regioselective C−H activation/alkenylation occurs at the first step by leading to ortho‐alkenylated amidophenol; which subsequently underwent tandem intramolecular annulation to afford C4‐alkenylated 2‐arylbenzoxazole derivatives.

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Benzofulvenation of o‐Arylanilines through C−H Bond Activation by Using Two Diarylacetylenes as an Implicit Benzofulvene
Authors: Raju Selvam , Hsiao Huan‐Chang , Thirupathi Selvakumar , Chen Pei‐Ling , Chuang Shih‐Ching
Published: November 2018

We report the first example of Pd(II)‐catalyzed highly step‐ and atom‐economical benzofulvenation through free amine‐directed ortho C−H bond activation of o‐arylanilines. This paper presents a novel, simple, and efficient approach for the synthesis of benzofulvene derivatives from o‐arylaniline substrates through C−H bond activation with two diarylacetylenes as an implicit benzofulvene unit. The reactivity of synthesized benzofulvenes toward oxidation was investigated, and they were shown to transform into phenanthridines, oxabenzofulvenes, and fluorescent polycyclics.

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NiFe Hydroxide Lattice Tensile Strain: Enhancement of Adsorption of Oxygenated Intermediates for Efficient Water Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Zhou Daojin , Wang Shiyuan , Jia Yin , Xiong Xuya , Yang Hongbin , Liu Song , Tang Jialun , Zhang Junming , Liu Dong , Zheng Lirong , Kuang Yun , Sun Xiaoming , Liu Bin
Published: November 2018

The binding strength of reactive intermediates with catalytically active sites plays a crucial role in governing catalytic performance of electrocatalysts. NiFe hydroxide offers efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysis in alkaline electrolyte, however weak binding of oxygenated intermediates on NiFe hydroxide still badly limits its catalytic activity. Now, a facile ball‐milling method was developed to enhance binding strength of NiFe hydroxide to oxygenated intermediates via generating tensile strain, which reduced the anti‐bonding filling states in the d orbital and thus facilitated oxygenated intermediates adsorption. The NiFe hydroxide with tensile strain increasing after ball‐milling exhibits an OER onset potential as low as 1.44 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) and requires only a 270 mV overpotential to reach a water oxidation current density of 10 mA cm−2.
Intercepting the Disilene‐Silylsilylene Equilibrium
Authors: Stanford Martin W. , Schweizer Julia I. , Menche Maximilian , Nichol Gary S. , Holthausen Max C. , Cowley Michael J.
Published: November 2018

The equilibrium between disilenes (R2Si=SiR2) and their silylsilylene (R3Si−SiR) isomers has previously been inferred but not directly observed, except in the case of the parent system H2Si=SiH2. Here, we report a new method to prepare base‐coordinated disilenes with hydride substituents. By varying the bulk of the coordinating base and other silicon substituents, we have been able to control the rearrangement of disilene adducts to their silylsilylene tautomers. Remarkably, 1,2 migration of a trimethylsilyl group is preferred over hydrogen migration. A DFT study of the reaction mechanism provides a rationale for the observed reactivity and detailed information on the bonding situation in base‐stabilized disilenes.
Design and Catalytic Asymmetric Construction of Axially Chiral 3,3′‐Bisindole Skeletons
Authors: Ma Chun , Jiang Fei , Sheng Feng‐Tao , Jiao Yinchun , Mei Guang‐Jian , Shi Feng
Published: November 2018

The first catalytic asymmetric construction of 3,3′‐bisindole skeletons bearing both axial and central chirality has been established by organocatalytic asymmetric addition reactions of 2‐substituted 3,3′‐bisindoles with 3‐indolylmethanols (up to 98 % yield, all >95:5 d.r., >99 % ee). This reaction also represents the first highly enantioselective construction of axially chiral 3,3′‐bisindole skeletons, and utilizes the strategy of introducing a bulky group to the ortho‐position of prochiral 3,3′‐bisindoles. This reaction not only provides a good example for simultaneously controlling axial and central chirality in one operation, but also serves as a new strategy for catalytic enantioselective construction of axially chiral 3,3′‐bisindole backbones from prochiral substrates.
Lead and HTM Free Stable Two‐Dimensional Tin Perovskites with Suitable Band Gap for Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Zimmermann Iwan , Aghazada Sadig , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja
Published: November 2018

Organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted great attention over the last few years as potential light‐harvesting materials for efficient and cost‐effective solar cells. However, the use of lead iodide in state‐of‐the‐art perovskite devices may demonstrate an obstacle for future commercialization due to toxicity of lead. Herein we report on the synthesis and characterization of low dimensional tin‐based perovskites. We found that the use of symmetrical imidazolium‐based cations such as benzimidazolium (Bn) and benzodiimidazolium (Bdi) allow the formation of 2D perovskites with relatively narrow band gaps compared to traditional ‐NH3+ amino groups, with optical band gap values of 1.81 eV and 1.79 eV for Bn2SnI4 and BdiSnI4 respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the optical properties in this class of perovskites can be tuned by formation of a quasi 2D perovskite with the formula Bn2FASn2I7. Additionally, we investigate the change in band gap in the mixed Sn/Pb solid solution Bn2SnxPbx−1I4. Devices fabricated with Bn2SnI4 show promising efficiencies of around 2.3 %.
Spontaneous Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Evolution of Two Cross‐Laminated Polymers
Authors: Athiyarath Vignesh , Sureshan Kana M.
Published: November 2018

Two cases of spontaneous evolution of monomers to linear polymers having novel cross‐laminated topology are reported. We synthesized two peptide monomers N3‐Gly‐Gly‐NH‐CH2‐CCH and N3‐Gly‐Gly‐Gly‐CH2‐CCH and solved their crystal structures by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. They adopt H‐bonded crisscrossed layered packing in their crystals such that: (a) the monomers are aligned head‐to‐tail in 1D‐chain‐like arrays and parallel arrangement of such arrays forms a layer; (b) the proximally placed azide and alkyne motifs are in an orientation apt for their regiospecific cycloaddition; (c) each monomer having x peptide bonds is H‐bonded with 2x monomers disposed in intersecting arrangement, which pre‐organize 1D‐chain‐like arrays in adjacent layers in perpendicular orientation. These crystals underwent spontaneous single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) polymerization via azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction to form triazolyl‐polyglycines, at room temperature. The crisscrossed arrangement of monomers in adjacent layers ensured the formation of cross‐laminated polymers.
A Convergent Synthetic Strategy towards Oligosaccharides containing 2,3,6‐Trideoxypyranoglycosides
Authors: Lee Juyeol , Kang Soyeong , Kim Jungjoon , Moon Dohyun , Rhee Young Ho
Published: November 2018

A de novo synthetic strategy for the production of oligosaccharides containing 2,3,6‐trideoxypyranoglycoside is reported. The key event is the Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric diastereoselective hydroalkoxylation of ene‐alkoxyallene‐linked glycosidic fragments. The utility of this approach was demonstrated by the activation‐free, stereodivergent, and convergent synthesis of various 2‐deoxyoligosaccharides, as well as their aglycon conjugates.
Aliphatic Radical Relay Heck Reaction at Unactivated C(sp3)−H Sites of Alcohols
Authors: Chuentragool Padon , Yadagiri Dongari , Morita Taiki , Sarkar Sumon , Parasram Marvin , Wang Yang , Gevorgyan Vladimir
Published: November 2018

The Mizoroki–Heck reaction is one of the most efficient methods for alkenylation of aryl, vinyl, and alkyl halides. Given its innate nature, this protocol requires the employment of compounds possessing a halogen atom at the site of functionalization. However, the accessibility of organic molecules possessing a halogen atom at a particular site in aliphatic systems is extremely limited. Thus, a protocol that allows a Heck reaction to occur at a specific nonfunctionalized C(sp3)−H site is desirable. Reported here is a radical relay Heck reaction which allows selective remote alkenylation of aliphatic alcohols at unactivated β‐, γ‐, and δ‐C(sp3)−H sites. The use of an easily installed/removed Si‐based auxiliary enables selective I‐atom/radical translocation events at remote C−H sites followed by the Heck reaction. Notably, the reaction proceeds smoothly under mild visible‐light‐mediated conditions at room temperature, producing highly modifiable and valuable alkenol products from readily available alcohols feedstocks.
A Nitrogen‐Rich 2D sp2‐Carbon‐Linked Conjugated Polymer Framework as a High‐Performance Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Shunqi , Wang Gang , Biswal Bishnu P. , Addicoat Matthew , Paasch Silvia , Sheng Wenbo , Zhuang Xiaodong , Brunner Eike , Heine Thomas , Berger Reinhard , Feng Xinliang
Published: November 2018

A two‐dimensional (2D) sp2‐carbon‐linked conjugated polymer framework (2D CCP‐HATN) has a nitrogen‐doped skeleton, a periodical dual‐pore structure and high chemical stability. The polymer backbone consists of hexaazatrinaphthalene (HATN) and cyanovinylene units linked entirely by carbon–carbon double bonds. Profiting from the shape‐persistent framework of 2D CCP‐HATN integrated with the electrochemical redox‐active HATN and the robust sp2 carbon‐carbon linkage, 2D CCP‐HATN hybridized with carbon nanotubes shows a high capacity of 116 mA h g−1, with high utilization of its redox‐active sites and superb cycling stability (91 % after 1000 cycles) and rate capability (82 %, 1.0 A g−1 vs. 0.1 A g−1) as an organic cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries.
New sites expanding the “Sardinian cold‐water coral province” extension: A new potential cold‐water coral network?
Authors: Moccia Davide , Cau Alessandro , Alvito Andrea , Canese Simonepietro , Cannas Rita , Bo Marzia , Angiolillo Michela , Follesa Maria Cristina
Published: November 2018

Cold‐water coral (CWC) ecosystems are protected both in national and international waters. They are considered Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems and, in addition, meet the criteria to be defined ecological or biological significant areas.

Two new sites of the “Sardinian CWC province” were discovered by means of remotely operated vehicle surveys in two submarine canyons in the north‐eastern portion of the Sardinian continental margin, at depths ranging from 230 to 430 m.

Dense and healthy patches of small and medium‐sized Madrepora oculata colonies were found dwelling on rocky walls and inclined silted soft bottoms.

A rich and diverse associated megafauna was found within both live and dead portions of the coral framework. In addition, the presence of benthic litter and derelict fishing gears were also documented.

These results further extend the “Sardinian CWC province” extension, providing insights of a potential CWC network along the Sardinian continental margin with implications for the Mediterranean mosaic of CWC provinces, further stressing the need for urgent conservation measures for these habitats.
STAR: An integrated and standardized procedure to evaluate the ecological status of coralligenous reefs
Authors: Piazzi Luigi , Gennaro Paola , Montefalcone Monica , Bianchi Carlo Nike , Cecchi Enrico , Morri Carla , Serena Fabrizio
Published: November 2018

Coralligenous reefs represent one of the most important coastal ecosystems of the Mediterranean Sea, and their ecological quality must be assessed under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive to evaluate seafloor integrity. An effective standardized monitoring protocol is urgently needed in order to compare data at the Mediterranean scale and to plan efficient management and intervention programmes.

This paper aims to: (a) review methods used to study shallow coralligenous reefs to propose a method able to optimize sampling effort; (b) select the most effective ecological descriptors to evaluate the responses of coralligenous assemblages to anthropogenic stress; and (c) synthesize available information in an integrated and standardized procedure.

Ninety‐five scientific papers dealing with shallow coralligenous reefs were found. Among these, 52 papers reporting detailed descriptions about sampling methods were selected to identify methodologies and ecological descriptors suitable for monitoring purposes.

Downstream of the bibliographic review, an integrated and standardized procedure, named STAR (STAndaRdized coralligenous evaluation procedure), was proposed to assess the ecological quality of coralligenous reefs.

STAR was tested on coralligenous reefs at 12 sites, six of them subjected to high human pressure and six located in areas characterized by low human pressure.

Significant differences between the two conditions were detected for all the ecological descriptors selected, thus confirming the effectiveness of STAR in the assessment of ecological quality of coralligenous reefs.
Trabecular Bone Fraction Variation in Modern Humans, Fossil Hominins and Other Primates
Authors: Chirchir Habiba
Published: November 2018

Evidence suggests that recent modern humans (Holocene) have low trabecular bone density (i.e., trabecular bone fraction, TBF) compared with other extant primates and fossil hominins. However, the extent to which TBF in recent humans with varying subsistence strategies differs from that of fossil hominins, and in turn, how hominins differ from various extant catarrhines is unclear. This study tests the hypotheses that first, populations with subsistence strategies demanding high physical activity exhibit greater TBF than sedentary populations and are more similar to fossil Homo. Secondly, that, australopiths have TBF that is more similar to nonhuman primates because of the greater mechanical loading on their skeletons. The study quantifies TBF in the limb epiphyses of recent humans, hominoids, cercopithecines, and fossil hominins. The results show overall a significant decrease in TBF among recent humans, whereas hominins, hominoids, and cercopithecines have similar, high TBF values. In addition, active human populations display TBF that is more similar to fossil Homo. The results suggest that this TBF decline reflects a reduction in activity levels among sedentary populations, although a systemic decline cannot be ruled out. These findings support the recent evolution of low trabecular density because of a decline in activity levels and underscore the utility of comparing multiple skeletal elements across a diverse set of recent modern humans when drawing conclusions about changes in trabecular bone in the human skeleton. Anat Rec, 302:288–305, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heterocyclic electrophiles as new MurA inhibitors
Authors: Keeley Aaron , Ábrányi‐Balogh Péter , Hrast Martina , Imre Tímea , Ilaš Janez , Gobec Stanislav , Keserű György M.
Published: November 2018

An electrophilic fragment library of small heterocycles was developed and characterized in the surrogate GSH‐reactivity assay and aqueous stability test that revealed their potential as covalent warheads. Screening the library against MurA from Staphylococcus aureus (MurASA) and Escherichia coli (MurAEC) identified heterocyclic fragments with significant inhibitory potency. The validated heterocyclic warhead library might be useful for developing targeted covalent inhibitors for other targets of interest with a new design strategy incorporating heterocyclic electrophiles as warheads.
Sex differences in faecal occult blood test screening for colorectal cancer
Authors: Koskenvuo L , Malila N , Pitkäniemi J , Miettinen J , Heikkinen S , Sallinen V
Published: November 2018

Background

This analysis of patients in a randomized population-based health services study was done to determine the effects of faecal occult blood test (FOBT) screening of colorectal cancer (CRC) in outcomes beyond mortality, and to obtain explanations for potential sex differences in screening effectiveness.

Methods

In the Finnish FOBT screening programme (2004–2011), people aged 60–69 years were randomized into the screening and control arms. Differences in incidence, symptoms, tumour location, TNM categories, non-vital outcomes and survival in the screening and control arms were analysed.

Results

From 321 311 individuals randomized, 743 patients with screening-detected tumours and 617 control patients with CRC were analysed. CRC was less common in women than in men (0·34 versus 0·50 per cent; risk ratio (RR) 0·82, 95 per cent c.i. 0·74 to 0·91) and women were less often asymptomatic (16·7 versus 22·0 per cent; RR 0·76, 0·61 to 0·93). Women more often had right-sided tumours (32·0 versus 21·3 per cent; RR 1·51, 1·26 to 1·80). Among men with left-sided tumours, those in the screening arm had lower N (RR 1·23, 1·02 to 1·48) and M (RR 1·57, 1·14 to 2·17) categories, as well as a higher overall survival rate than those in the control arm. Furthermore among men with left-sided tumours, non-radical resections (26·2 versus 15·7 per cent; RR 1·67, 1·22 to 2·30) and postoperative chemotherapy sessions (61·6 versus 48·2 per cent; RR 1·28, 1·10 to 1·48) were more frequent in the control arm. Similar benefits of screening were not detected in men with right-sided tumours or in women.

Conclusion

Biennial FOBT screening seems to be effective in terms of improving several different outcomes in men, but not in women. Differences in incidence, symptoms and tumour location may explain the differences in screening efficacy between sexes.
Reducing gender bias in surgery
Authors: Dossa F , Baxter N N
Published: November 2018

Needs positive action
Analysis of lactase in lactose intolerance supplements
Authors: Stourman Nina , Moore Jennifer
Published: November 2018

Lactase is the enzyme responsible for the digestion of the disaccharide lactose, and deficiency in this enzyme causes the prevalent medical condition lactose intolerance. Management of lactose intolerance can be achieved through the administration of lactase supplements. Lactase is an appropriate platform for advanced enzymatic study because its medical application is a motivator for student learning. The following is an upper‐level biochemistry laboratory sequence that integrates student inquiry and exposure to advanced laboratory techniques. Students investigate three different lactase supplements through experimentation that includes the Bradford assay, SDS‐PAGE, continuous and discontinuous kinetic assays, and zymography. Upon completion of this project, students compile their results and conclusions in a scientifically formatted paper comparing supplement protein content and activity. This safe and inexpensive laboratory project enriches student understanding of key biochemical concepts while mirroring work performed in a realistic research setting. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(6):652–662, 2018.
Portal vein variants associated with right hepatectomy: An analysis of abdominal CT angiography with 3D reconstruction
Authors: Clipet Fabien , Rebibo Lionel , Dembinski Jeanne , Yzet Thierry , Vilgrain Valérie , Regimbeau Jean‐Marc
Published: November 2018

Glissonian approach has been described as a selective vascular clamping procedure during hepatectomy based on external anatomical landmarks. Anatomical variations of the right Glissonian pedicle have been identified with an increased risk of clamping failure during Glissonian approach. The objective of this study was to characterize the anatomical variations of the right Glissonian pedicle at risk of clamping failure during right hepatectomy. This was a retrospective analysis of abdominal multiphasic CT and routine 3D reconstruction (n = 346). Anatomical variations at risk of clamping failure were Types 1 to 3 (Madoff's classification) and an angle of less than 50° between the portal vein and the left portal vein. Primary objective was the risk of right Glissonian pedicle clamping failure. Secondary objectives were the rate of normal anatomy, the rate of variations, and the rate of incomplete or extended clamping. Normal anatomy was found in 245 patients (71%). Anatomical variations were as follows: Type 1: 11%, Type 2: 17%, Type 3: 0.8%, Type 4: 0%. Angle variation less than 50° was observed in 4.5%. The risk of selective clamping failure was 34%. Extension of clamping was observed in 16%, while incomplete clamping was observed in 17.8%. Failure of right Glissonian pedicle clamping was predictable in 34% of cases while 71% of patients presented normal portal vein anatomy. Clin. Anat. 32:328–336, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design and Synthesis of Selective Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Arylisoxazole‐Phenylpiperazine Derivatives
Authors: Saeedi Mina , Mohtadi‐Haghighi Dorrin , Mirfazli Seyedeh Sara , Mahdavi Mohammad , Hariri Roshanak , Lotfian Hania , Edraki Najmeh , Iraji Aida , Firuzi Omidreza , Akbarzadeh Tahmineh
Published: November 2018

In this work, a novel series of arylisoxazole‐phenylpiperazines were designed, synthesized, and evaluated toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Our results revealed that [5‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐1,2‐oxazol‐3‐yl](4‐phenylpiperazin‐1‐yl)methanone (5c) was the most potent AChE inhibitor with IC50 of 21.85 μm. It should be noted that most of synthesized compounds showed no BChE inhibitory activity and [5‐(2‐fluorophenyl)‐1,2‐oxazol‐3‐yl](4‐phenylpiperazin‐1‐yl)methanone (5a) was the most active anti‐BChE derivative (IC50=51.66 μm). Also, kinetic studies for the AChE and BChE inhibitory activity of compounds 5c and 5a confirmed that they have simultaneously bound to the catalytic site (CS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of both AChE and BChE. Furthermore, docking study of compound 5c showed desired interactions of that compound with amino acid residues located in the active and peripheral anionic sites. Compound 5c was also evaluated for its BACE1 inhibitory activity and demonstrated IC50=76.78 μm. Finally, neuroprotectivity of compound 5c on Aβ‐treated neurotoxicity in PC12 cells depicted low activity.
Antidiabetic‐Like Effects of Naringenin‐7‐O‐glucoside from Edible Chrysanthemum ‘Kotobuki’ and Naringenin by Activation of the PI3K/Akt Pathway and PPARγ
Authors: Nishina Atsuyoshi , Sato Daisuke , Yamamoto Junpei , Kobayashi‐Hattori Kazuo , Hirai Yasuaki , Kimura Hirokazu
Published: November 2018

Obesity is directly associated with cancer, cardiovascular injury, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. To date, Yamamoto identified that hot water extracts of edible Chrysanthemum (EC) induced cell size reduction, up‐regulation of adiponectin expression, and glucose absorption inhibition in 3T3‐L1 cells during adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, EC showed antidiabetic effects such as improvement in insulin resistance and the down‐regulation of the blood glucose level and liver lipid content in type 2 diabetes model mice. In this study, we attempted to identify the antidiabetic components in EC. The methanol fraction from EC that showed relatively strong biological activity was purified by chromatography to obtain acacetin‐7‐O‐glucoside, apigenin‐7‐O‐glucoside, kaempferol‐7‐O‐glucoside, and naringenin‐7‐O‐glucoside. Among the isolated compounds and their aglycones, naringenin (NA) and naringenin‐7‐O‐glucoside (NAG) up‐regulated the intracellular accumulation of lipid and adiponectin‐secretion and down‐regulated the diameter of 3T3‐L1 cells during adipocyte differentiation. Because the PPARγ antagonist BADGE and PI3K/Akt inhibitors wortmannin and LY29004 inhibited the intracellular lipid accumulation by NA and NAG associated with adipogenesis, it was considered that NA and NAG showed the above‐mentioned activities via the activation of PPARγ as well as phosphorylation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Design and Synthesis of Metabolically Stable tRNA Synthetase Inhibitors Derived from Cladosporin
Authors: Rusch Marion , Thevenon Arnaud , Hoepfner Dominic , Aust Thomas , Studer Christian , Patoor Maude , Rollin Patrick , Livendahl Madeleine , Ranieri Beatrice , Schmitt Esther , Spanka Carsten , Gademann Karl , Bouchez Laure C.
Published: November 2018

Selective and specific inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum lysyl‐tRNA synthetase represent promising therapeutic antimalarial avenues. Cladosporin was identified as a potent P. falciparum lysyl‐tRNA synthetase inhibitor, with an activity against parasite lysyl‐tRNA synthetase >100‐fold more potent than that of the activity registered against the human enzyme. Despite its compelling activity, cladosporin exhibits poor oral bioavailability; a critical requirement for antimalarial drugs. Thus, the quest to develop metabolically stable cladosporin‐derived analogues, while retaining similar selectivity and potency to that of the natural compound, has begun. Chemogenomic profiling of a designed library allowed an entirely innovative structure–activity relationship study to be initiated; this shed light on structural evidence of a privileged scaffold with a unique activity against tRNA synthetases.
Graphene Adsorption and Separation Functional Materials
Authors: Chen Kaikai , Xiao Changfa , Liu Hailiang , Zhao Jian
Published: November 2018

Graphene and its derivatives have been considered intensively in the development and application of new types of adsorption and separation functional materials, due to its unique structure and superior performance. A comprehensive review on recent studies on adsorption and separation functional materials is given, including graphene, graphene oxide, graphene gel, graphene‐based sponge, graphene separation membrane as well as graphene continuous oil absorption and separation materials. Moreover, the preparation methods and application prospects are mainly utilized to illustrate the research progress. Especially, it is predicted that layered graphene membrane and graphene continuous oil absorption and separation materials may be the most research worthy.
Characterization of PEGylated Asparaginase: New Opportunities from NMR Analysis of Large PEGylated Therapeutics
Authors: Cerofolini Linda , Giuntini Stefano , Carlon Azzurra , Ravera Enrico , Calderone Vito , Fragai Marco , Parigi Giacomo , Luchinat Claudio
Published: November 2018

Resonance assignment and structural characterization of pharmacologically relevant proteins promise to improve understanding and safety of these proteins by rational design. However, the PEG coating that is used to evade the immune system also causes these molecules to “evade” the standard structural biology methodologies. We here demonstrate that it is possible to obtain the resonance assignment and a reliable structural model of large PEGylated proteins through an integrated approach encompassing NMR and X‐ray crystallography.
Water Adsorption and Transport on Oxidized Two‐Dimensional Carbon Materials
Authors: Yan Hailong , Wu Fei , Xue Yifei , Bryan Kevin , Ma Wenjie , Yu Ping , Mao Lanqun
Published: November 2018

Studies on the adsorption and transport of water molecules with oxidized two‐dimensional (2 D) carbon materials have attracted increasing interest owing to their wide range of applications, such as sensing, energy conversion, and membrane separation. In this contribution, the interaction between water molecules and oxidized 2 D carbon materials (i.e., graphene oxide and graphdiyne oxide) is discussed, the influence of water adsorption and transport on the physicochemical properties of 2 D carbon materials is presented, and the recent progress on oxidized 2 D carbon material‐based proton conduction, electricity generation, water transport, and humidity sensing is highlighted. The opportunities and challenges in these research fields are discussed, especially the structural stability and chemical modification of 2 D carbon materials.
Hydrodesulphurization of dibenzothiophene on NiMoS catalysts: Impact of the carbon support on the reaction kinetics
Authors: Alamoudi Majed A. , Smith Kevin J.
Published: November 2018

The hydrodesulphurization (HDS) activity of nickel molybdenum sulphided catalysts supported on activated carbon (NiMoS/AC), activated petroleum coke (NiMoS/APC), and conventional alumina (NiMo/γ‐Al2O3) have been compared using dibenzothiophene (DBT) as a model reactant. The reactions were carried out in a slurry‐phase batch microreactor at different reaction times (30–120 min) and temperatures (588–638 K) and a fixed H2 pressure (4.8 MPa). The NiMoS/APC catalyst had higher dispersion than the NiMoS/AC catalyst, resulting in a higher DBT conversion activity per gram of catalyst on the NiMoS/APC catalyst. However, similar activities were obtained on both catalysts when accounting for the NiMoS dispersion. The NiMoS/APC activity was marginally lower than the NiMoS/γ‐Al2O3 commercial catalyst, suggesting that activated petcoke is a promising support for NiMoS catalysts. The pseudo 1st order rate constants for both the direct desulphurization (DDS) and hydrogenation (HYD) reaction pathways were of similar magnitude on the NiMoS/APC catalyst, as were the apparent activation energies. Hence the selectivities for HYD versus DDS were favoured equally on the NiMoS/APC, unlike on NiMoS/Al2O3 where the DDS of DBT is favoured, or the NiMoS/AC where the DDS of DBT is favoured at higher temperatures (> 603 K). The results of this study demonstrate that raw petcoke derived from Canadian oilsands can be converted to a useful catalyst support for hydrotreating catalysts that have high NiMoS dispersion and HDS activity, comparable to that of a commercial NiMoS/Al2O3 catalyst.
Tetra‐ammonium Zinc Phthalocyanine to Construct a Graded 2D–3D Perovskite Interface for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells
Authors: Li Congping , Lv Xudong , Cao Jing , Tang Yu
Published: November 2018

Summary of main observation and conclusion

The crystallographic defects inevitably incur during the solution processed organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite film, especially at surface and the grain boundaries (GBs) of perovskite film, which can further result in the reduced cell performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a simple defect passivation method was employed by treating perovskite precursor film with a hydrophobic tetra‐ammonium zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc). The results demonstrated that a 2D‐3D graded perovskite interface with a capping layer of 2D (ZnPc)0.5MAn − 1PbnI3n + 1 perovskite together with 3D MAPbI3 perovskite was successfully constructed on the top of 3D perovskite layer. This situation realized the efficient GBs passivation, thus reducing the defects in GBs. As expected, the corresponding PSCs with modified perovskite revealed an improved cell performance. The best efficiency reached 19.6%. Especially, the significantly enhanced long‐term stability of the responding PSCs against humidity and heating was remarkably achieved. Such a strategy in this work affords an efficient method to improve the stability of PSCs and thus probably brings the PSCs closer to practical commercialization.