bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-assembled, optically-active {naphthalene diimide}U{cucurbit[8]uril} ensembles in an aqueous environment
Authors: Higginbotham Heather F. , Maniam Subashani , Hsia Tina , Isaacs Lyle , Langford Steven J. , Bell Toby D. M.
Published: June 2021

Naphthalene diimides (NDIs) are shown to arrange spontaneously with cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) in an aqueous environment through purely non-covalent interactions to form discrete 2:2 complexes which produce intense cyan emission upon photoexcitation.
Traction–separation laws of graphene grain boundaries
Authors: Shishir Md. Imrul Reza , Tabarraei Alireza
Published: June 2021

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to extract the traction–separation laws (TSLs) of symmetric grain boundaries of graphene.
First principles investigations on the controversy of structural phase transitions in thorium dialuminide under pressure
Authors: Verma Ashok K. , Modak P.
Published: June 2021

Pressure–enthalpy curves of ThAl2 at 0 K in the pressure range of 0–10 GPa showing a structural phase transition near 2.4 GPa from an AlB2-type to a hexagonal P63/mmc structure.
Selenium-catalyzed selective reactions of carbonyl derivatives: state-of-the-art and future challenges
Authors: Xiao Xinrui , Guan Cheng , Xu Jie , Fu Weijun , Yu Lei
Published: June 2021

Organoselenium-catalyzed reactions of carbonyl derivatives can produce may useful compounds under mild and green conditions. This article aims to summarize the recent advances and give a perspective from both green chemistry and safety viewpoint.
An in situ gelling BMSC-laden collagen/silk fibroin double network hydrogel for cartilage regeneration
Authors: Zhang Yajie , Liu Min , Pei Renjun
Published: June 2021

An in situ fast-forming BMSC-laden Col-PEG/SF hydrogel with short gelation time, great biocompatibility and good mechanical properties was fabricated for cartilage regeneration.
Recent advances in biomimetic fog harvesting: focusing on higher efficiency and large-scale fabrication
Authors: Zhong Lieshuang , Zhu Lingmei , Li Jinghui , Pei Wenle , Chen Huan , Wang Shaomin , Razaa Aamir , Khan Assad , Hou Yongping , Zheng Yongmei
Published: June 2021

Some advances toward realizing higher efficiency and large-scale the fabrication of fog harvesting materials based on bioinspired ideas.
Bi2S3@NH2-UiO-66-S composites modulated by covalent interfacial reactions boost photodegradation and the oxidative coupling of primary amines
Authors: Wang Hang , Zhang Qing , Liu Qing , Zhang Na , Zhang Jian-Yong , Fang Yong-Zheng
Published: June 2021

The Bi2S3@NH2-UiO-66-S heterostructures have been synthesized via covalent interfacial reactions, exhibiting excellent performance in the photodegradation of methylene and the oxidative coupling of primary amines compared to reported photocatalysts.
A magnetic palladium nickel carbon nanocomposite as a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of distyrylbenzene and biphenyl derivatives
Authors: Shafie Habiballah , Niknam Khodabakhsh
Published: June 2021

Distyrylbenzene and 9,10-distyrylanthracene derivatives were synthesized using an Fe3O4@Pd@Ni/C nanocomposite as a recyclable catalyst. The catalyst was recycled up to eight times.
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer enhanced photothermal and photodynamic antibacterial therapy post a single injection
Authors: Xue Lei , Shen Qing , Zhang Tian , Fan Yibin , Xu Xiaogang , Shao Jinjun , Yang Dongliang , Zhao Wenli , Dong Xiaochen , Mou Xiaozhou
Published: June 2021

The constructed near-infrared photothermal nanoparticles (NDIA@PEG-Ce6/B NPs) can enhance the photothermal performance through the FRET effect and can achieve excellent photothermal and photodynamic antibacterial treatment post a single injection.
Rh-Catalyzed oxidative homo-coupling cyclization of 2,3-allenols to conjugated furylenones
Authors: Wu Xiaoyan , Fan Junjie , Huang Xin , Ma Shengming
Published: June 2021

An unexpected rhodium-catalyzed highly regio- and stereo-selective bimolecular nucleophilic oxyrhodation/insertion/1,4-Rh migration/β-H elimination reaction of 2,3-allenols affording (2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)but-2(E)-en-1-one derivatives is reported.
Photocatalytic decarboxylative alkylation of silyl enol ether and enamide with N-(acyloxy)phthalimide using ammonium iodide
Authors: Liu Can , Shen Ni , Shang Rui
Published: June 2021

Under visible light, a catalytic amount of ammonium iodide promotes the decarboxylative alkylation of silyl enol ether and enamide with aliphatic N-(acyloxy)phthalimide through the photoactivation of a transiently assembled chromophore.
SOMOphilic alkynylation using acetylenic sulfones as functional reagents
Authors: Ge Danhua , Wang Xin , Chu Xue-Qiang
Published: June 2021

Recent advancements in SOMOphilic alkynylation reactions by using acetylenic sulfones as functional reagents are summarized.
Natural steroid-based cationic copolymers cholesterol/diosgenin-r-PDMAEMAs and their pDNA nanoplexes: impact of steroid structures and hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratios on pDNA delivery
Authors: Wang Zhao , Sun Jingjing , Li Mingrui , Luo Ting , Shen Yulin , Cao Amin , Sheng Ruilong
Published: June 2021

Using natural-based lipids to construct biocompatible, controllable and efficient nanocarriers and elucidating their structure–function relationships, was regarded as an important area for creating sustainable biomaterials.
First total synthesis of chromanone A, preparation of related compounds and evaluation of their antifungal activity againstCandida albicans, a biofilm forming agent
Authors: Cortés Iván , Cordisco Estefanía , Kaufman Teodoro S. , Sortino Maximiliano A. , Svetaz Laura A. , Bracca Andrea B. J.
Published: June 2021

Chromanone A and its 7-OMe analogue were totally synthesized. 2-Formyl chromanone A derivative inhibitedC. albicansand its virulence factors.
Heterostructure Ni3S4–MoS2 with interfacial electron redistribution used for enhancing hydrogen evolution
Authors: Ge Jingmin , Jin Jiaxing , Cao Yanming , Jiang Meihong , Zhang Fazhi , Guo Hongling , Lei Xiaodong
Published: June 2021

The heterostructure of Ni3S4–MoS2 as an efficient hydrogen evolution catalyst was fabricated by a one-pot hydrothermal method. The as-synthesized catalyst with interfacial electron redistribution generated numerous active sites.
Preparation, filtration, and photocatalytic properties of PAN@g-C3N4 fibrous membranes by electrospinning
Authors: Cui Yahui , Jiang Zhenlin , Xu Chenxue , Zhu Min , Li Weizhen , Wang Chaosheng
Published: June 2021

Particulate matter and formaldehyde (HCHO) in closed indoor environments are seriously harmful to human health; hence, techniques for the improvement of air quality have attracted significant attention.
A facile method for Rh-catalyzed decarbonylative ortho-C–H alkylation of (hetero)arenes with alkyl carboxylic acids
Authors: Tian Yiqiang , Liu Xiaojie , He Bangyue , Ren Yuxi , Su Weiping
Published: June 2021

A facile and effective method for Rh-catalyzed direct ortho-alkylation of C–H bonds in (hetero)arenes with commercially available carboxylic acids has been developed.
The parkinsonism-associated protein FBXO7 cooperates with the BAG6 complex in proteasome function and controls the subcellular localization of the complex
Authors: Wang Quan , Crnković Vanessa , Preisinger Christian , Stegmüller Judith
Published: June 2021

The regulation of proteasome activity is essential to cellular homeostasis and defects have been implicated in various disorders including Parkinson disease. The F-box protein FBXO7 has been implicated in early-onset parkinsonism and has previously been shown to have a regulatory role in proteasome activity and assembly. Here, we report the association of the E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXO7-SCF (SKP1, cullin-1, F-box protein) with the BAG6 complex, consisting of the subunits BAG6, GET4 and UBL4A. We identify the subunit GET4 as a direct interactor of FBXO7 and we show that the subunits GET4 and UBL4A are required for proper proteasome activity. Our findings demonstrate reduced binding of FBXO7 variants to GET4 and that FBXO7 variants bring about reduced proteasome activity. In addition, we find that GET4 is a non-proteolytic substrate of FBXO7, that binding of GET4 to BAG6 is enhanced in the presence of active FBXO7-SCF and that the cytoplasmic localization of the BAG6 complex is dependent on the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Taken together, our study shows that the parkinsonism-associated FBXO7 cooperates with the BAG6 complex in proteasome function and determines the subcellular localization of this complex.
Not just a writer: PRC2 as a chromatin reader
Authors: Uckelmann Michael , Davidovich Chen
Published: June 2021

PRC2 deposits the H3K27me3 repressive mark, which facilitates transcription repression of developmental genes. The decision of whether a particular gene is silenced at a given point during development is heavily dependent on the chromatin context. More than just a simple epigenetic writer, PRC2 employs several distinct chromatin reading capabilities to sense the local chromatin environment and modulate the H3K27me3 writer activity in a context-dependent manner. Here we discuss the complex interplay of PRC2 with the hallmarks of active and repressive chromatin, how it affects H3K27me3 deposition and how it guides transcriptional activity.
Referral Criteria for Preschool Hearing Screening in Resource-Constrained Settings: A Comparison of Protocols
Authors: Eksteen Susan , Eikelboom Robert H. , Launer Stefan , Kuper Hannah , Swanepoel De Wet
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This study aimed to describe and compare the performance of two screening protocols used for preschool hearing screening in resource-constrained settings.

Method

Secondary data analysis was done to determine the performance of two protocols implemented during a preschool hearing screening program using mobile health technology in South Africa. Pure-tone audiometry screening at 25 dB HL for 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz in each ear was used by both protocols. The fail criterion for the first protocol (2,147 children screened) constituted a no-response on one or more frequencies in either ear. The second protocol required two or more no-responses (5,782 children). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate associations between outcomes and protocol, age, gender, and duration.

Results

Fail rates for the one-frequency fail protocol was 8.7% (
n
= 186) and 4.3% (
n
= 250) for the two-frequency fail protocol. Children screened with the two-frequency fail protocol were 52.9% less likely to fail (
p
< .001;
OR
= 0.471; 95% confidence interval [0.385, 0.575]). Gender (
p
= .251) and age (
p
= .570) had no significant effect on screening outcome. A percentage of cases screened (44.7%) exceeded permissible noise levels in at least one ear at 1000 Hz across both protocols. True- and false-positive cases did not differ significantly between protocols. Protocol type (
p
= .204), gender (
p
= .314), and age (
p
= .982) did not affect the odds of being a true-positive result. Average screening time was 72.8 s (78.66
SD
) and 64.9 s (55.78
SD
) for the one-frequency and two-frequency fail protocols, respectively.

Conclusions

A two-frequency fail criterion and immediate rescreen of failed frequencies significantly reduced referral rate for follow-up services that are often overburdened in resourced-constrained settings. Future protocol adaptations can also consider increasing the screening levels at 1000 Hz to minimize the influence of environmental noise.
The role of insectculture in the modern paradigm of the food industry in the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Talan Matvey S. , Dokuchaeva Irina S.
Published: June 2021

The socio-economic, biotechnological and environmental aspects of the organization of production and construction of a plant for deep processing of insectoculture in the Republic of Tatarstan are considered. Strategic analysis reveals the development of insect oculture as a key factor in improving the efficiency of food processing enterprises, organizing recycling and improving the state of the environment. The main product of the enterprise is a protein substrate, it is a well-balanced additive in mixed feed for poultry and fish farming and can become a reliable basis for import substitution in feed production. The products of vital activity of insects is a unique bio – fertilizer containing the whole complex of biologically active substances needed in crop production. The innovative technology of obtaining products of deep processing of insects is favorable not only in terms of the development of socio-economic processes in the republic, but also will give a new impetus to the development of the chemical, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries in the Republic of Tatarstan.
Viability rice seeds with different levels of antioxidants
Authors: Goncharova Yulia , Bragina Olesya , Goncharov Sergey , Kharitonov Evgeniy
Published: June 2021

Total content of anthocyanidin glucosides varies greatly among different black varieties (79.5–473.7 mg / 100 g) and red rice (7.9–34.4 mg / 100 g). Shown up to 20 times higher content of antioxidants in black rice varieties, compared with white grain, as well as their up to 45 times higher antioxidant activity compared with many other crop. In terms of antioxidant content, black rice is not inferior even to such well-known sources as blueberries and black currants, but much cheaper. The role of phenolic acids as substances increasing adaptability to various stresses is considered. The presence of anthocyanidin glucoside is also useful for the plants themselves at the cellular level, normalizing metabolic processes in response to various unfavorable abiotic influences, thereby increasing their adaptability to stress and the viability of seeds . The objectives of the study were to identify germination rate of rice seeds various groups of ripeness, color of pericarp, shape and weight of caryopsis. Seeds of varieties stored in uncontrolled temperature conditions three years. Every year, a study germination of seeds all groups was carried out. 100 grains of each variety were placed in Petri dishes in three repetitions and germinated in a thermostat at a temperature of 29° C for 7 days, after which the percentage of germinated seeds was calculated. Our research showed a high germination rate seeds of red and black varieties. Them viability significantly exceeded white-grain varieties various groups of ripeness, weight and shape of caryopsis on second and third years of storage. If during the first year the differences in germination between most varieties are not reliable, then in the third year the white-grain varieties significantly inferior in vitality varieties of other groups.
Irrigation network extraction in arid regions with using worldview-2 satellite data
Authors: Akmalov Shamshod , Samiev Luqmon , Apakhodjaeva Tursunoy , Atakulov Dinislom , Melikuziyev Sarvar
Published: June 2021

After the 2000s, the launch of very high-resolution satellites provided great water and irrigation network management personnel opportunities. Now, the water management staff have the opportunity to study and monitor water supply systems and exploitation conditions of irrigation systems remotely via satellite imagery. By using those satellite images, specialists can search for water bodies, detect defected place of irrigation systems, and monitor their technical condition. Another advantage of satellite imagery is that they capture large areas of the Earth, keeping water systems under control in large areas. Therefore, the use of very high-resolution images has greatly developed in the water branch since the 2000s. The creation of different water extraction methods, models, indexes, and using different layers in the analysis for different regions using different satellites with very high resolution is developed. These indexes and layers are so numerous that they are now over 100. The user has difficulty getting any of them in the analyzes. Therefore, in this article, we have studied more than 50 water extraction methods, which gave positive and accurate results in an arid region. From those 50 methods, separated 10 the most effective methods and tested with WorldView-2 image analysis in the arid region and the water-rich region of Syrdarya region. According to the results of the analysis recommend the highest accuracy method for arid areas. Results show that water extraction using NIR2 layer of the WorldView-2 satellite images is the most accurate method than other methods. The accuracy of the results was 94 %. The analysis found the irrigation systems filled with sand and vegetation.
Hydraulic studies of the throughput of the water intake structure of the Tuyamuyun hydroelectric complex
Authors: Khusankhodjaev Ulmas , Kadyrov Odil
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of experimental studies to determine the throughput of the right-bank water intake structure and bottom galleries, the hydraulic regime in the galleries, and the movement of bottom sediments in them. Based on the results of the studies, a series of curves were obtained for the dependence of the discharge on the water horizon in the upper pool and the value of the opening of the gate of the intake structure. Checking the work of the galleries together with the working water intake holes showed that there is no mutual influence of them on each other. The total consumption of water passed through the water intake and galleries is practically equal to the sum of the consumption of water passed through these structures separately. It was found that the main amount of sediment accumulated in the headwater will fall into the left gallery, while slightly less (about one third) will fall into the right span, and only a small remainder leaves through the weir, while the water flow rate was distributed as follows:Qgal= 1.65Qwater.
Features of the working process of high-speed diesel engines
Authors: Kadirov Sarvar , Aripdjanov Madamin , Ergashev Obidjon , Iskandarov Ravshan
Published: June 2021

This article discusses the main history of the creation of high-speed short-stroke diesel engines and an assessment of the main factors that most significantly affect the working process of a diesel engine. When developing a new design of a high-speed diesel engine, it is necessary to pay special attention to the following factors: the intensity of the air charge, injection pressure parameters, the shape of the combustion chamber and the choice of the best option. Research carried out with a 7 x 0.15 mm nozzle in a wide range of speed changes (n = 1000 + 2800 min-1) shows that it is possible to find a position of the widened valve at which optimal results are obtained at medium and high rotational speeds, and on small - engine performance will deteriorate slightly.
Improving the method of assessing road safety at intersections of single-level highways
Authors: Abdullaev Botir , Yuldoshev Davron , Muminov Tolqin , Axmedov Dilmurod
Published: June 2021

The issues of public transport service, its quality, road safety along the route are becoming a priority worldwide. After all, ensuring the safety of public transport serves to increase its attractiveness. Research-based on different approaches to road safety is being conducted in the areas. However, the issue of road safety in public transport remains relevant. Traffic accidents on bus routes occur mainly at intersections, haul sections, and intermediate stops. Intersections of single-level highways are among the areas where traffic accidents are most likely to occur. It should be noted that the assessment of road safety in public transport is based not only on traffic accidents and violations but also on the intensity and variability of traffic and pedestrian traffic, the degree of organization of traffic, road condition and geometric elements, parameters of intermediate stations and many other factors. It is advisable to tie. Therefore, this research work aims to assess the traffic safety of directional buses and consists of several stages. This article is devoted to improving the method of assessing road safety at intersections of single-level highways.
Utilisation raisonnée des mini-implants d’ancrage dans la correction des classes II subdivisions pour une approche globale
Authors: Cazenave Caroline
Published: June 2021

La classe II subdivision est une malocclusion complexe d’origine multifactorielle, beaucoup mieux définie depuis quelques années avec l’imagerie 3D. Moins de la moitié des classes II subdivision prend son origine dans une déviation d’une des deux arcades, maxillaire ou mandibulaire, le restant mettant en jeu des mécanismes de mise en place fonctionnels beaucoup plus complexes. Les mécaniques de distalisation sur ancrage squelettique ont apporté une réponse évidente aux besoins de symétrisation des arcades. Mais les mini-implants d’ancrage ont également largement démontré leur intérêt dans le contrôle tridimensionnel des arcades. Ainsi, par le biais du plan d’occlusion, la croissance peut être réorientée, la mandibule repositionnée. Le cone-beam permet désormais de cibler notre action en nous offrant une meilleure lecture des phénomènes de bascule et de torsion d’arcade rencontrés. Cet article a pour objectif de proposer une approche globale des classes II subdivision, mécano-occluso-fonctionnaliste.
La classe II asymétrique : traitement par utilisation du Guide de Croissance (G2C)
Authors: Valero Cécile
Published: June 2021

La classe II asymétrique est une malocclusion fréquente, récidivante et complexe. Sa prise en charge nécessite une prise en charge étiologique pour obtenir des résultats stables. Une des étiologies se trouve dans une mastication unilatérale non alternée. Cette dysfonction doit être détectée cliniquement afin d’améliorer le pronostic de traitement et la stabilité. Le guide de croissance (G2C) permet une prise en charge de la mastication pathologique en produisant une croissance de rattrapage et également une éducation au fonctionnement mandibulaire symétrique, afin de stabiliser le résultat obtenu. Nous décrirons cette prise en charge dans le cadre des traitements de classe II asymétrique à travers des cas cliniques.
On graft transformations decreasing distance spectral radius of graphs
Authors: Wang Yanna , Zhou Bo
Published: June 2021

The distance spectral radius of a connected graph is the largest eigenvalue of its distance matrix. In this paper, we give several less restricted graft transformations that decrease the distance spectral radius, and determine the unique graph with minimum distance spectral radius among home-omorphically irreducible unicylic graphs on n ≥ 6 vertices, and the unique tree with minimum distance spectral radius among trees on n vertices with given number of vertices of degree two, respectively.
Diagnostik und Therapie der HIV-assoziierten Lymphome: Update 2021
Authors: Hentrich Marcus
Published: June 2021

Was ist neu?

Epidemiologie und Risikofaktoren Bei Personen mit HIV ist das Risiko für ein Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom (HIV-NHL) bzw. Hodgkin-Lymphom (HIV-HL) auch unter kombinierter antiretroviraler Therapie um das 10–20- bzw. 5–15-Fache erhöht. Wichtige Risikofaktoren sind der CD4-Zell-Nadir und die kumulative HIV-Viruslast.

Prognose Die Prognose wird durch den pathologischen Subtyp und den Internationalen Prognose-Index sowie durch die Zahl der CD4-Zellen bei Lymphom-Diagnose und durch molekulare Marker wie die Expression von MYC oder BCL2 bestimmt.

Therapie Standardtherapie des diffus großzelligen B-Zell-Lymphoms sind 6 Zyklen R-CHOP. Patienten mit Burkitt-Lymphom erhalten eine Therapie nach dem B-ALL/NHL-Protokoll der GMALL. Für das plasmoblastische Lymphom ist keine Standardtherapie etabliert, Therapie der Wahl sind CHOP oder EPOCH plus Bortezomib. Die Prognose von Patienten mit primärem Erguss-Lymphom ist weiterhin ungünstig. In kleinen Fallserien wurden relativ gute Ergebnisse mit DA-EPOCH ± Bortezomib erzielt. Die Ganzhirnbestrahlung ist bei Patienten mit HIV und primärem ZNS-Lymphom obsolet. Protokolle mit HD-MTX sind gut machbar und effektiv. Hodgkin-Lymphom: Stadien-adaptierte Therapie mit ABVD und/oder BEACOPP basis. Bei Patienten mit rezidivierter oder refraktärer Erkrankung kommt eine Hochdosischemotherapie mit autologer Stammzelltransplantation zum Einsatz. Zudem gibt es zahlreiche Fallberichte zur erfolgreichen Therapie mit Nivolumab oder Pembrolizumab.

Rezidivtherapie Die Rezidivrate nach kompletter Remission beträgt bei Patienten mit NHL ca. 11 %. Standardtherapie ist die autologe Stammzelltransplantation, sofern Patienten dafür geeignet sind. Eine Therapie mit CAR-T-Zellen sollte HIV-Patienten nicht vorenthalten werden.
Lyme-Borreliose und Neuroborreliose – Was ist neu?
Authors: Dersch Rick , Fingerle Volker
Published: June 2021

Was ist neu?

Diagnostik Zellbasierte Verfahren (z. B. LTT, ELISPOT) sollten nicht für die Diagnosestellung einer Borreliose verwendet werden.

Therapie Eine aktuelle randomisiert-kontrollierte Studie hat bestätigt, dass Doxycyclin- und Betalaktam-Antibiotika gleichwertig eingesetzt werden können. Es gibt keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede hinsichtlich neurologischer Symptome nach Therapie und Nebenwirkungen. Dementsprechend wird in der S3-Leitlinie Neuroborreliose kein Präparat bevorzugt empfohlen.

Prognose Mehreren Studien mit Patienten mit antibiotisch behandelter Neuroborreliose zeigen im Langzeitverlauf keine erhöhte Rate an Fatigue im Vergleich zu gesunden Kontrollpersonen. Ebenso findet sich für Lebensqualität, Depression und Kognition kein Unterschied zwischen Patienten mit Neuroborreliose nach Antibiotikatherapie und gesunden Kontrollpersonen im Langzeitverlauf.

Prophylaxe Eine prophylaktische Antibiotikagabe nach Zeckenstich wird derzeit in Deutschland nicht empfohlen.
Bruxismus – vom Kieferpressen und Zähneknirschen
Authors: Christoph Türp Jens
Published: June 2021

Die unter dem Begriff „Bruxismus“ zusammengefassten Parafunktionen Zähneknirschen und Kieferpressen sind so alt wie die Menschheit. In der Bevölkerung sind sie weit verbreitet. Einerseits dienen diese Unterkieferaktivitäten dem Stressabbau, andererseits können sie die Zahnhartsubstanzen schädigen und zu Verspannungen und Schmerzen im Bereich der Kaumuskeln und Kiefergelenke führen.

Mittels Anamnese, klinischer Untersuchung und radiologischer Befunde erfolgt eine relativ sichere Diagnosestellung. Therapeutisch empfehlenswert sind Selbstbeobachtung, Muskelentspannung und Tragen einer oralen Schiene während des Schlafs, je nach Fall angereichert durch Eigenmassage und professionelle Physiotherapie.
Detección de tornillos prominentes en la articulación radiocarpiana mediante la proyección tangencial del escafoides dorsal
Authors: Breyer Juan Manuel , Pérez Alfonso , Vergara Pamela , Ruiz Pedro
Published: June 2021

Introducción Una de las complicaciones de la osteosíntesis retrógrada del escafoides es la protrusión del tornillo en la articulación radiocarpiana, dada la limitada visualización intraoperatoria del polo proximal del escafoides con las proyecciones tradicionales.

Objetivo Evaluar la capacidad de una nueva proyección radiológica, la proyección “tangencial del escafoides dorsal”, o TED, para identificar tornillos prominentes radiocarpianos durante la osteosíntesis retrógrada del escafoides con tornillos canulados.

Materiales y Métodos Estudio cadavérico en muñecas frescas congeladas. Se introdujo en el escafoides un tornillo canulado con técnica retrógrada estándar.

La proyección TED fue evaluada en 5 muñecas, con angulaciones del antebrazo de 15°, 30° y 45° para definir la mejor visualización del polo proximal del escafoides y del tornillo.

Se comparó la capacidad para identificar la prominencia del tornillo en el polo proximal de la proyección TED de 30° con 5 proyecciones tradicionales de escafoides en 9 muñecas. El tornillo se posicionó a nivel de la superficie del escafoides, y luego se avanzó a intervalos de 0,5 mm bajo visualización directa por artrotomía dorsal. Tras cada intervalo, se repitieron todas las proyecciones para determinar su capacidad de detectar tornillos prominentes en el escafoides.

Resultados La mejor visualización del polo proximal del escafoides se logró con la proyección TED de 30°. Al comparar la proyección TED de 30° y las tradicionales, con la TED se logró identificar tornillos prominentes a 0,8 mm promedio, seguida por la proyección posteroanterior con cubitalización y extensión a 1.3 mm (p = 0.014), con una alta precisión y correlación interobservador de estas proyecciones.

Conclusión La proyección TED demostró ser la más sensible para detectar tornillos prominentes en la articulación radiocarpiana. Su uso rutinario podría evitar complicaciones durante la osteosíntesis.
Covid-19 y cirugía ortopédica: Revisión de la literatura y evidencias
Authors: Weissmann Karen A. , Huaiquilaf Carlos , Costa Marcelo , Correa Cristian , Bey Alan , Bahamonde M Luis
Published: June 2021

Se ha declarado una pandemia ante la propagación de un nuevo virus con alta contagiosidad, llamado síndrome respiratorio agudo severo coronavirus 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV2). El mundo ha quedado detenido ante la rápida expansión del virus, con una letalidad que en algunos países llega a 15%. En Chile, el gobierno ha tomado medidas rápidas y agresivas que han permitido mantener la curva de contagios a un nivel que permita atender de manera adecuada a la población. Dentro de estas medidas, se contempla la suspensión de cirugías y consultas ambulatorias. Como cirujanos ortopédicos, nos hemos visto afectados por estas medidas, y existe confusión respecto a cuál es la conducta más adecuada. Quisimos hacer esta guía para resumir parte de las evidencias disponibles y orientar a los cirujanos ortopédicos respecto a esta patología. El comportamiento de esta guía es dinámico, dadas las múltiples opiniones, experiencias y evidencias, que surgen diariamente, por lo que recomendamos mantenerlo como referencia, no como certeza.
A De Novo Mosaic PHEX Variant Causing Sporadic X-Linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets in a 2-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Poon Kok-Siong , Tan Karen Mei-Ling , Zacharin Margaret , Ho Cindy Wei-Li
Published: June 2021

Pathogenic variants in the PHEX gene are causative of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH). We present a case of a 2-year-old girl with hypophosphatemic rickets with genu varum and short stature without any family history of XLH. Next generation sequencing of the PHEX gene identified a splice donor variant, NM_000444.6:c.1173 + 5G > A in intron 10. This variant had a mosaic pattern with only 22% of the sequence reads showing the variant allele and was not present in the girl's parents, both of whom had a normal phenotype. This is a sporadic case of a de novo mosaic splice-site variant in the PHEX gene.
Morphological Changes in Faces Depending on Posture
Authors: Nishioka Hiroshi , Hishikawa Miki , Nagai Fumio , Yuzuriha Shunsuke
Published: June 2021

Facial surgeries are usually performed with the patient in the supine position; however, it is crucial to predict postoperative results in the upright position. This study aimed to clarify the posture-related morphological changes in the facial soft tissue regarding age and sex, using physical measurements to obtain results in specific linear metric measurements of standard facial features. One hundred healthy volunteers were divided into four groups based on age and sex (25 young men, 25 young women, 25 old men, 25 old women). For all participants, 18 measuring points were marked on the skin along with 18 paired linear measurements, and the angle was measured using a digital sliding caliper and angle meter in both upright and supine positions. In all four groups, the intercanthal width (en-en), binocular width (ex-ex), length of the eye fissure (en-ex), length of the nasal bridge (n-prn), width of the nose (al-al), height of the lower face (sn-gn), vermilion height of the lower lip (sto-li), height of the lower lip (sto-sl), width of the philtrum (cphi-cphi), width of the mouth (ch-ch), and nasolabial angle (NLA) were significantly larger in the supine position than in the upright position. The increase was larger in the older age groups than in the younger age groups. Moreover, the increase was larger in old men than in old women. During facial surgery involving these areas, surgeons should consider the patient's age and sex and understand what facial figuration change would occur depending on posture and change their preoperative design or make minor adjustments during operation in the supine position to increase patient satisfaction.
Differential Alveolar and Systemic Oxygenation during Preterm Resuscitation with 100% Oxygen during Delayed Cord Clamping
Authors: Lakshminrusimha Satyan , Vali Payam , Chandrasekharan Praveen , Rich Wade , Katheria Anup
Published: June 2021

Objective Delayed cord clamping (DCC) and 21 to 30% O2 resuscitation is recommended for preterm infants but is commonly associated with low pulmonary blood flow (Qp) and hypoxia. 100% O2 supplementation during DCC for 60 seconds followed by 30% O2 may increase Qp and oxygen saturation (SpO2).

Study Design Preterm lambs (125–127 days of gestation) were resuscitated with 100% O2 with immediate cord clamping (ICC, n = 7) or ICC + 30% O2, and titrated to target SpO2 (n = 7) or DCC + 100% O2 for 60 seconds, which followed by cord clamping and 30% O2 titration (n = 7). Seven preterm (23–27 weeks of gestation) human infants received continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) + 100% O2 for 60 seconds during DCC, cord clamping, and 30% O2 supplementation after cord clamping.

Results Preterm lambs in the ICC + 100% O2 group resulted in PaO2 (77 ± 25 mm Hg), SpO2 (77 ± 11%), and Qp (27 ± 9 mL/kg/min) at 60 seconds. ICC + 30% O2 led to low Qp (14 ± 3 mL/kg/min), low SpO2 (43 ± 26%), and PaO2 (19 ± 7 mm Hg). DCC + 100% O2 led to similar Qp (28 ± 6 mL/kg/min) as ICC + 100% O2 with lower PaO2. In human infants, DCC + CPAP with 100% O2 for 60 seconds, which followed by weaning to 30% resulted in SpO2 of 92 ± 11% with all infants >80% at 5 minutes with 100% survival without severe intraventricular hemorrhage.

Conclusion DCC + 100% O2 for 60 seconds increased Qp probably due to transient alveolar hyperoxia with systemic normoxia due to “dilution” by umbilical venous return. Larger translational and clinical studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

Key Points
Euler’s reflection formula, infinite product formulas, and the correspondence principle of quantum mechanics
Authors: Friedmann Tamar , Webb Quincy
Published: June 2021

We generalize the derivation of the Wallis formula for π from a variational computation of the spectrum of the hydrogen atom. We obtain infinite product formulas for certain combinations of gamma functions, which include irrational numbers such as 2 as well as some nested radicals. We also derive Euler’s reflection formula for reciprocals of positive even integers. We show that Bohr’s correspondence principle allows us to derive our product formulas and the reflection formula without the need for the limit definition of the gamma function.
Normal forms of C

∞
vector fields based on the renormalization group
Authors: Chiba Hayato
Published: June 2021

The normal form theory for polynomial vector fields is extended to those for C∞ vector fields vanishing at the origin. Explicit formulas for the C∞ normal form and the near identity transformation that brings a vector field into its normal form are obtained by means of the renormalization group method. The dynamics of a given vector field such as the existence of invariant manifolds is investigated via its normal form. The C∞ normal form theory is applied to prove the existence of infinitely many periodic orbits of two dimensional systems, which is not shown from polynomial normal forms.
Label-free multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy for biomedical applications
Authors: Zhuo Guan-Yu , K U Spandana , K M Sindhoora , Kistenev Yury V. , Kao Fu-Jen , Nikolaev Viktor V. , Zuhayri Hala , Krivova Natalya A. , Mazumder Nirmal
Published: June 2021

This paper addresses the application of multimodal nonlinear optical (MNLO) microscopy to clinical research within the context of label-free non-invasive molecular imaging. Here, a compact MNLO microscope based on a laser scanning microscope, a femtosecond laser, a time-correlated single-photon counting system, and a photonic crystal fiber are introduced for biomedical applications. By integrating two-photon fluorescence, two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging, second-harmonic generation, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy, the proposed scheme provides profound insights into the physicochemical properties related to 3D molecular orientation distribution, inter- and intra-molecular interactions, and disease progression in biological systems and organs. The high peak power and the low average intensity of near-infrared laser pulses allow for deep-penetration imaging without compromising sample vitality. Linking nonlinear optical phenomena with time/spectral/polarization-resolved imaging also makes it possible to obtain multidimensional information to address complex biomedical questions.
Noise investigation of an electrostatic accelerometer by a high-voltage levitation method combined with a translation–tilt compensation pendulum bench
Authors: Hu Shuang , Pei Shixun , Hu Ming , Bai Yanzheng , Li Hongyin , Liu Li , Yang Boxiang , Wu Shuchao , Zhou Zebing
Published: June 2021

A high precision electrostatic accelerometer has widely been employed to measure gravity gradients and detect gravitational waves in space. The high-voltage levitation method is one of the solutions for testing electrostatic accelerometers on the ground, which aims at simultaneously detecting all six-degree-of-freedom movements of the electrostatic accelerometers engineering and flight prototypes. However, the noise performance in the high-voltage levitation test is mainly limited by seismic noise. The combined test of the accelerometer and vibration isolation platform is adopted to improve the detection precision of the high-voltage levitation method. In this paper, a high precision electrostatic accelerometer prototype is developed after designed appropriate mechanical parameters with a test mass weighing 300 g and with an estimated resolution of 2 × 10−12 m/s2/Hz1/2 from 0.01 to 0.4 Hz. Such a prototype is tested by the high-voltage levitation method, its measurement noise on the ground is mainly limited by the seismic noise, which is about 5 × 10−7 m/s2/Hz1/2 around 0.2 Hz and about 4 × 10−8 m/s2/Hz1/2 around 0.1 Hz. A vibration isolation pendulum bench based on the translation–tilt compensation principle is adopted for accelerometer prototype combined tests to suppress the seismic noise, which has a large bench area and the ability to adjust the tilt angle precisely. The measured accelerometer noise of the combined test with the translation–tilt compensation pendulum has reached 3 × 10−9 m/s2/Hz1/2 around 0.2 Hz, and it is about two orders of magnitude lower than the measurement noise on the ground. The combined test method provides technical guidance for further improving the noise level of ground test in the future.
Ray-tracing analysis for cross-polarization scattering diagnostic on MAST-upgrade spherical tokamak
Authors: Hong R. , Rhodes T. L. , Wang G. , Peebles W. A.
Published: June 2021

A combined Doppler backscattering/cross-polarization scattering (DBS/CPS) system is being deployed on MAST-U for simultaneous measurements of local density turbulence, turbulence flows, and magnetic turbulence. In this design, CPS shares the probing beam with the DBS and uses a separate parallel-viewing receiver system. In this study, we utilize a modified GENRAY 3D ray-tracing code to simulate the propagation of the probing and scattered beams. The contributions of different scattering locations along the entire beam trajectories are considered, and the corresponding local B̃ wavenumbers are estimated using the wavevector matching criterion. The wavenumber ranges of the local B̃ that are detectable to the CPS system are explored for simulated L- and H-mode plasmas.
Development of dual-mode precision current source for macro–microcomposite actuator based on field programmable gate array
Authors: Wang Chuanli , Xiong Meijun , Yu Caofeng , Sun Xiaoxiang , Shi Rui , Wang Yu , Chen Zhuo
Published: June 2021

To meet the requirements of variable input current forms, microstep adjustment, low error coefficient, high output linearity, and the low ripple of macro–microcomposite actuators developed by combining voice coil motors and a giant magnetostrictive actuator, in this study, a design scheme of dual-mode precise programmable current sources based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) was proposed. First, according to the working principle and control characteristics of macro–microcomposite drivers, an overall circuit system model of a driving power supply was established. Second, based on the circuit operational amplifier principle, an output current equation of the power supply was obtained, and a current switching circuit and a dual-mode current sampling circuit were designed. Finally, an FPGA was used as the current control core, and an incremental PI algorithm was introduced to compensate for the current feedback. The experimental results showed that the precision current source can output two current modes (positive current 0–5 A and positive and negative current −5 to 5 A) under the FPGA control. The average current error coefficient of the output in the two current output modes was ε ≦ 0.006, the maximum nonlinearity was ηmax ≦ 0.005, and the error between the current adjusting step value and the preset value was less than 1%.
Light–matter interactions in the coupling system of quantum emitter and hyperbolic nanorod
Authors: Guo Chao , You Jia-Bin , Chen Zhanxu , Zhang Wenbo , Zhao Qian , Zhou Zhang-Kai
Published: June 2021

Plasmonic nanostructures are widely applied to couple with quantum emitters (QEs), so as to improve the optical performances of QE and obtain advanced photonic devices, such as the quantum photon source, quantum circuit. However, the huge loss of plasmonic nanostructures greatly hinders the future development of plasmon–QE hybrid systems. Herein, we propose the hyperbolic nanorods (HNR) which are built by alternate Au and SiO2 thin layers. The size of HNR discussed in this paper is mainly around 40 × 50 × 60 nm3, which is a subwavelength size benefiting for device miniaturization and integration. The photonic resonant mode of HNR can be tuned by simply changing its length/width ratio. Due to the hybridization of the surface plasmon polariton resonances associated with each metal–dielectric interface, the HNR possesses the advantage of small mode volume (V) as the Au plasmonic nanorod (PNR) with similar size, and its mode quality factor (Q) can be larger due to the lower loss. Therefore, when coupled with a resonant QE, the Purcell factor in HNR/QE is ∼20 times larger than that in the PNR/QE system. Furthermore, the HNR/QE hybrid also demonstrates obvious superiority over the PNR/QE in generating strong coupling and quantum entanglement. With the features of small V and low loss, it is believed that the HNR can not only greatly improve the optical properties of QE, but also be a powerful nanostructure for studying light–matter interactions.
Multiwavelets applied to metal–ligand interactions: Energies free from basis set errors
Authors: Brakestad Anders , Wind Peter , Jensen Stig Rune , Frediani Luca , Hopmann Kathrin Helen
Published: June 2021

Transition metal-catalyzed reactions invariably include steps where ligands associate or dissociate. In order to obtain reliable energies for such reactions, sufficiently large basis sets need to be employed. In this paper, we have used high-precision multiwavelet calculations to compute the metal–ligand association energies for 27 transition metal complexes with common ligands, such as H2, CO, olefins, and solvent molecules. By comparing our multiwavelet results to a variety of frequently used Gaussian-type basis sets, we show that counterpoise corrections, which are widely employed to correct for basis set superposition errors, often lead to underbinding. Additionally, counterpoise corrections are difficult to employ when the association step also involves a chemical transformation. Multiwavelets, which can be conveniently applied to all types of reactions, provide a promising alternative for computing electronic interaction energies free from any basis set errors.
Lumped element granular aluminum resonators with high kinetic inductances
Authors: He Q. , OuYang P. , Dai M. , Guan H. , Hu J. , He S. , Wang Y. , Wei L. F.
Published: June 2021

Recently, a new kind of distributed element superconducting resonators with granular aluminum (grAl) has been developed for circuit quantum electrodynamics. Given that lumped element resonators possess certain advantages over the distributed element ones, in this paper, we use a relatively simple micro-nanotechnology, without the etching process, to fabricate the designed lumped element superconducting grAl resonators. They are deposited on silicon substrates by DC magnetron sputtering of pure Al in an atmosphere of Ar and O2. By cryogenic microwave transmission measurements, at a temperature of 50 mK, we find that, compared with a usual Al resonator of the same size, such a device shows significantly strong nonlinearity and thus higher kinetic inductance. The noise features, quality factors, and temperature-dependence of the resonant frequencies have been investigated experimentally. It is believed that the lumped element superconducting resonators with high kinetic inductance demonstrated here could also be applied to superconducting quantum computation and photon counting in the future.
Quasi-optical theory of relativistic Cherenkov surface-wave oscillators with oversized cylindrical waveguides
Authors: Malkin A. M. , Zheleznov I. V. , Sergeev A. S. , Ginzburg N. S.
Published: June 2021

Within the quasi-optical approach, we investigate the propagation of azimuthally symmetric TM waves in periodically corrugated cylindrical waveguides and their excitation by relativistic electron beams. Presenting the field as two, forward and backward, quasi-optical wavebeams coupled at the shallow corrugation, we obtain a dispersion equation for normal waves and thus a criterion of existence of the surface wave. For a finite-length corrugation section, the spectrum of axial evanescent eigenmodes is estimated; the spatial structure and the quality factor of the fundamental mode are found at an eigenfrequency close to the Bragg frequency. A self-consistent system of equations describing the interaction of electromagnetic waves with a rectilinear electron beam injected into the system is derived. Based on this model, we recognize two oscillation regimes, namely, the π-mode excitation regime and the regime of backward surface wave oscillator. We demonstrate the viability of practical implementation of relativistic surface wave oscillators with a power level of up to 140 MW in the sub-millimeter wavelength band.