bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multi-disciplinary analysis of the exceptional flood event of July 2021 in central Europe – Part 1: Event description and analysis
Authors: Mohr Susanna , Ehret Uwe , Kunz Michael , Ludwig Patrick , Caldas-Alvarez Alberto , Daniell James E. , Ehmele Florian , Feldmann Hendrik , Franca Mário J. , Gattke Christian , Hundhausen Marie , Knippertz Peter , Küpfer Katharina , Mühr Bernhard , Pinto Joaquim G. , Quinting Julian , Schäfer Andreas M. , Scheibel Marc , Seidel Frank , Wisotzky Christina
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The July 2021 flood in central Europe was one of the five costliest disasters in Europe in the last half century, with an estimated total damage of EUR 32 billion. The aim of this study is to analyze and assess the flood within an interdisciplinary approach along its entire process chain: the synoptic setting of the atmospheric pressure fields, the processes causing the high rainfall totals, the extraordinary streamflows and water levels in the affected catchments, the hydro-morphological effects, and the impacts on infrastructure and society. In addition, we address the question of what measures are possible to generate added value to early response management in the immediate aftermath of a disaster. The superposition of several factors resulted in widespread extreme precipitation totals and water levels well beyond a 100-year event: slow propagation of the low pressure system Bernd, convection embedded in a mesoscale precipitation field, unusually moist air masses associated with a significant positive anomaly in sea surface temperature over the Baltic Sea, wet soils, and steep terrain in the affected catchments.
Various hydro-morphodynamic processes as well as changes in valley morphology observed during the event exacerbated the impact of the flood. Relevant effects included, among many others, the occurrence of extreme landscape erosion, rapidly evolving erosion and scour processes in the channel network and urban space, recruitment of debris from the natural and urban landscape, and deposition and clogging of bottlenecks in the channel network with eventual collapse. The estimation of inundation areas as well as the derived damage assessments were carried out during or directly after the flood and show the potential of near-real-time forensic disaster analyses for crisis management, emergency personnel on-site, and the provision of relief supplies. This study is part one of a two-paper series. The second part (Ludwig et al., 2022) puts the July 2021 flood into a historical context and into the context of climate change.
Northern Tornadoes Project. Annual Report 2022
Authors:   The Northern Tornadoes Project
Published: February 2023

NTP’s fourth year of detecting, surveying and documenting tornadoes and other damaging wind events across Canada saw a return to a more familiar pattern. In 2021, only two tornadoes were recorded across the Prairies over the 60 days with the highest climatological frequency (mid-June to mid-August).In 2022, 39 tornadoes were confirmed there, with 33 of them during that peak period. However, a catastrophic spring derecho set the stage for a very different and very active season in Ontario and Québec. The May 21st derecho is now one of the most deadly and costly thunderstorm events on record in Canada. While over a billion dollars in insured losses was recorded, 12 people lost their lives and at least another 12 were injured. The storm’s damage path extended over 1,000 km across the most densely populated region in Canada. Though NTP field teams were deployed shortly after the event occurred, it took the rest of the summer to fully investigate this devastating event. Through the rest of the season, Ontario and Québec recorded 77 tornadoes, nearly double what was recorded across the entire Prairies. And the total number of tornadoes across Canada during the 2022 season is tied for the highest we’ve recorded at 117 – and closer to the 150 or so that we thought might be occurring based on statistical analysis. So, it appears that the number of 'missing tornadoes' is indeed dropping due to the efforts of NTP.
Claudia del Río: líneas personales y acciones colectivas de una artista argentina contemporánea
Authors: Dolinko Silvia
Published: February 2023

Este trabajo analiza algunos aspectos de la obra de Claudia del Río, reconocida artista argentina contemporánea. Indaga en particular sobre su puesta en cuestión de los lugares comunes sobre la creación y sobre su aporte a una construcción social del arte a partir del establecimiento y el sostén de espacios de intercambio y de producción colectiva. Para ello, se abordan algunos aspectos de sus prácticas artísticas desde los años ochenta hasta la actualidad, con especial atención al dibujo y las líneas de trabajo dentro del campo de la gráfica expandida. Asimismo, se atiende a su actuación profesional dentro y fuera de las instituciones artísticas, entre la docencia en la Universidad Nacional de Rosario y la creación de espacios autogestivos, como el Club de Dibujo y la Pieza Pizarrón. El trabajo con fuentes primarias procedentes del archivo de Claudia del Río y con testimonios recogidos en las entrevistas sostenidas con la artista se articula con referencias y reenvíos a su libr Ikebana política, fundamental para comprender su posición crítica, estética y ética respecto de la creación y la educación artística.
Zonation of the Albian Stage in North Bulgaria based on benthic foraminifers
Authors: Kovacheva Todorka
Published: February 2023

Foraminiferal populations consisting of Albian sediments in the western and central parts of North Bulgaria are analysed. On the base of the regularities in the vertical distribution of the species, from the bottom upwards, two zones and four subzones are subdivided and defined: (I) Lingulogavelinelia albiensis albiensis Zone with subzones – (a) Lenticulina turgidula – Lingulogavelinella albiensis albiensis Subzone (Lower Albian); (b) Lenticulina pulchella – Arenobulimina macfadyeni Subzone (Middle Albian); (2) Arenobulimina chapmani Zone with subzones – (a) Lingulogavelinella cibicidoides – Tristix excavata Subzone (Upper Albian); (b) Eggerellina mariae – Valvulineria praestans Subzone (Upper Albian).
Post-Illirian major-fold subdivision of the transitional area between the Middle and Eastern Balkan Mountains
Authors: Tzankov Tzanko , Paskalev Mitko , Nakov Radoslav
Published: February 2023

During the Upper Cretaceous, the land concerned in this study was part of an extensive area of monotonous tectofacies evolution involving a spatially uniform, rhythmic (mostly flysch), carbonate-terrigenous and volcanic-terrigenous (there was active volcanism in adjacent areas) sedimentation, the general monotony being broken by events of olistostrome deposition and consedimentation block movements restricted both in space and in time. From the north to the south, the post-Illirian structural pattern has been found to involve parts of the Illirian Luda-Kamčija synclinorium and the contemporaneous Kačulka anticline and Vrailec anticlinorium surrounding it from the south. By either thrust faulting or recumbent folding, the latter's western periclinorium was overlaid by the northeastern margin of the eastern end of the Laramide Srednogorie anticlinorium, the margin manifesting intense polyphase deformation and block fragmenting. The existence of the so-called Kozuina syncline, named after a mountain peak west of the town of Sliven, has not been confirmed in this study. Essential structural differences have been found between the Srednogorie anticlinorium and the adjacent major Illirian folds. In the area studied, there is the largest areal concentration of faults of Tvârdica orientation and Upper Cretaceous tectonic activity indicating that the Tvârdica strike-slip fault set axis active during the Upper Cretaceous geochron to the south of the Balkan Range should be sought there.
Stratigraphic subdivision and correlation of Paleogenic deposits in Northeast Bulgaria
Authors: Aladžova-Khrischeva Kina
Published: February 2023

The formal lithostratigraphic units, grouped in the Frangen and Provadia Plateaus connected with the Lower Eocene subseries: Beloslav Formation with the Krivnen Member, can be traced in the Momino Plateau, in a part of the Rojak Plateau, and south of the Kamcija River around "Georgi Trajkov" dam. In the Kamčija Region only the Krivnen Member remains unchanged with respect to its lithologic characteristic. In the Beloslav Formation facial changes of its rock composition are observed, which are related to the increased role of the sandstones at the expense of the sands and in certain cases also at the expense of the decrease of the clayey component in the sandstones. Also the Upper Paleocene sediments of the Komarevo Formation can be traced in Northeast Bulgaria. ln this area the Avren Formation and the Ruslar Formation are widely spread. Slavejkovo Member (a new member) is distinguished in the upper part of the Avren Formation. This member consists of thick-bedded sandstones alternating with marls, which age may be determined, according to microforaminifer data reported in literature, as Middle(?) Late Eocene. The characteristic detritus limestones, lying over it, are set up in the Momino Formation, which belongs to Late Eocene. The Ruslar Formation includes in its lower parts all manganese bearing sediments. On the basis of microforaminifer data reported in literature the lower levels of the Ruslar Formation in the Frangen Plateau most probably belong to the Upper Eocene subseries. The other upper part of the formation belongs to Oligocene. Cuisian Nummulites and Assilines are grouped in a conglomerate-sandstone formation in the sediments outcropping in the defile of the Kozja Reka River. The biostratigraphic analysis of nummulite fauna, as well as microforaminifer data reported but interpreted from a modern stratigraphic point of view, make possible the correlation of the lithostratigraphic units and elucidate their space-time interrelations.
Comparative petrologic-geochemical eharacterization of the Pre-Mesozoic granitoids of the Sredna Gora zone
Authors: Boyadjiev Stefan
Published: February 2023

Pre-Hercynian (Late Proterozoic!) and Hercynian (South Bulgarian) types of granitoids are described. Grounds are given for their palingenetic origin and crustal level of magma generation. On the basis of the analysis performed, the South Bulgarian granitoids are determined as a bimodal superformation, respectively presented by: a) Formation of basic and ultrabasic rocks of a probable Precambrian age- mainly embedded in single layers among the Precambrian crystalline complex; regarding them as a single gabbro-granite formation is not grounded. b) Formation of the batholitic granitoid complex which is distinguished for its polyphase-polyfacies structure. It is presented by three temporarily and laterally defined granitoid phases (impulses): first - marginal facies built by contaminated (a result of assimilation of basic and ultrabasic rocks) rocks which are gradually and centripetally transformed into granitoids up to granites; second – predominantly medium- up to coarse-grained, porphyroid biotite to two-mica granites, partially to granodiorite; third – medium-grained, predominantly biotite to two-mica granites, rarely granodiorites. On the basis of the relationships presented and on the basis of geochemical criteria as well, the development of a fourth granitoid phase - aplite-pegmatoid biotite to two-mica subalkaline granites to leucogranites of not elucidated, probably Alpine age - is grounded. The granitoids are referred·to the K-Na series. They are characterized by a very high aluminity, weak ferreous and magnesium properties, which determine the low content of mafites and the strongly expressed leuco-rate frequency of rocks. Ba, B, Pb, Th have contents above the clarke, while the other elements studied have contents about or under the clarke; the granitoids of fourth phase are enriched in So, W, Mo, Ag which determines their metallogenic specialization. They are characterized by a deficiency of REE, Eu and a negative europium anomaly; in the fourth granitoid phase REE is two times higher. A complete petrologic and phase-facies analogy is established between the pre-Mezozoic granitoids from the Sredna Gora zone and from the Rhodope Massif.
The mineralogy and sedimentation environment of the Neogene marly limestones Aitoloakarnania (Greece)
Authors: Kontopoulos Nikolaos
Published: February 2023

The 70 m thick Pliocene lacustrine marly limestone at Agios Ilias has been sampled in detail and analysed for grain size, clay mineralogy, CaCO3 and Corg. Two types of terrigenous fraction are seen: one with a substantial amount of coarse silt, the other with little sediment coarser than 6 φ. Sometimes there is an inverse relationship between abundance and grain size ofterrigineous fraction. The higher silt and sand content of the less terrigenous marly limestones indicate wind-blow transport of sediment; the clay rich, more terrigenous marly limestones may reflect stream input of suspended material. The illite, montmorillonite and kaolinite comprising the clay fraction are probably of detrital origin. The marty·limestones consist of > 80% CaC03. Calcium carbonate precipitates inorganically resulting from photosynthetic increase of the pH. The very low organic carbon and general lack of stratification show a well oxygenated bioturbated lake floor. Variation in Corg ret1ect proximity to the lake margin. There is no evidence of evaboritic playa conditions. The marly limestooes are contrasted with other Neogene lacustrine marly limestopes in the Peloponesse in terms of source area, clay mineralogy and fossil content.
Old Kimmerian Structural Plan in the Western Fore-Balkan
Authors: Monov Bogdan
Published: February 2023

Palaeotectonic analysis of the structures from the Early Kimmerian deformation stage in the eastern part of the West Fore-Balkan between the village of Yinitza and the lskar river has been carried out on the basis of more than 80 deep wells. Palaeotectonic and palaeostructural maps and palaeotectonic profiles of the Early Kimmerian structural plan have been made. Four faults have been traced – Vinitzian, Oghostian, Kotljansko-Krivodolski and Mramorian. They divide the region in 4 blocks with a specific lithological stratigraphic and tectonic structure. Two positive Early Kimmerian structures – Oghostian and Mramorian, ana one negative – Belovish-Gaganish have been distinguished. They are linearly oriented in WNW-ESE direction and have a complex internal structure. On these grounds they may be characterized as anticlinorium and synclinorium, the predecessors of the present Alpine structurees. The rise gradients of the Early Kimmerian anticlinorium is above 1800 m, which is almost equal to the thickness of the denudated during the Early Kimmerian tectonic stage Middleand Upper Triassic sediments.
Restructuring of erythropoiesis and immune status in hypotrophic calves with comorbid pathologies based on the use of aminoseleferon-B
Authors: Savrasov D. A. , Parshin P. A.
Published: February 2023

The article presents the results of comparative therapeutic efficacy of a complex biogenic drug aminoseleferon-B based on recombinant interferons on Holstein calves with hypotrophy and comorbid pathology (anemia, immunodeficiency) in the neonatal period. According to the principle of pairanalogues, four groups of 6 individuals (hypotopic calves with comorbid pathology) were formed and the fifth – 6 normotrophic calves. The calves of the first experimental group were administered aminoseleton, the calves of the second experimental group - biferon-B, the calves of the third experimental group - the drug aminoseleferon-B. The drugs were administered subcutaneously, three times on days 1, 3 and 30 at a dose of 1 ml per 10 kg of animal weight. The calves of the fourth experimental group - negative control and the calves of the fifth group - positive control, the studied drugs were not used. The use of aminoseleferon-B leads to an earlier stabilization (on day 7 of our studies) of the morphological and immunological blood composition, whereas in the comparison groups, the studied indicators were optimized on day 30. In the animals of the 3rd experimental group, the level of erythrocytes increased by 9.3% and 6.4% compared to those in hypotrophic calves, a similar pattern was noted in the amount of total hemoglobin - increased by 13.7% and 7.7%. Humoral and cellular links of nonspecific protection were restored in the calves of the 3rd experimental group, due to normalization of serum compliment, lysozyme and bacterial activity, phagocytic index and number. The use of aminoseleferon-B in the treatment of polymorbid pathology (anemia, immunodeficiency) in calves with hypotrophy has a pathogenetically mediated mechanism of action and a pronounced anti-anemic and immunomodulatory effect that together improves the state of the calves body during early neonatal adaptation.
Study of the effect of the complex drug interamin on the cytogenetic stability of mice bone marrow cells
Authors: Vostroilova G. A. , Shabanov D. I. , Korchagina A. A. , Parkhomenko Yu. S.
Published: February 2023

The article presents the results of a study of the potential mutagenic effects of the drug Interamin on the bone marrow of mice. Its effect on the cytogenetic stability of bone marrow cells after injection of an experimental mutagen (mitomycin C) was also studied. The antimutagenic potential of Interamin was studied relative to the reference drugs Aminoseleton and Bifeton-B. The study of the mutagenic effect of the compounds was carried out using a micronucleus test in polychromatophilic erythrocytes of the bone marrow of mice that is an assessment of the change in the frequency of micronuclei in polychromatophilic erythrocytes. The toxic effect of drugs on bone marrow cells was assessed by the change in the proportion of polychromatophilic erythrocytes relative to the number of normochromic erythrocytes. As a result of the study, no changes were found in the frequency of micronuclei in polychromatophilic erythrocytes and the percentage of cells of this type in the bone marrow of mice treated with Interamin at a conditional therapeutic and tenfold increased doses, as well as with its fivefold administration at intervals of 24 hours at a conditionally therapeutic dose. The course use of the study drugs at a therapeutic dose before the administration of mitomycin C led to a decrease in the frequency of micronuclei in polychromatophilic erythrocytes by 39.1% (p=0.002) and 47.6% (p=0.009) when using Interamin and Aminoseleton, respectively, relative to the indicators of animals, who were administered only mitomycin C. In the group treated with Biferon-B, such trend was not observed. At the same time, in animals of these groups, the proportion of polychromatophilic erythrocytes was higher by 33.3% (p=0.002) after the administration of Interamin and by 57.2% (p=0.009) after the use of Biferon-B, relative to the animals of the positive control group. The presented data indicate that the drug Interamin has no mutagenic properties, as well as the presence of antimutagenic and antitoxic effects that opens up prospects for its use as a gene protector and antitoxicant.
The use of hormonal drugs in infertility of cows of cows
Authors: Gamayunov V. M. , Tselueva N. I.
Published: February 2023

For dairy farms, an urgent task is to annually obtain offspring from each cow, increase milk productivity after calving, and ensure the preservation of the reproductive function of the cows.In the research work, a group of hormonal drugs for stimulating the reproductive system in lactating cows was studied. In many farms of the Smolensk region, the reproduction of the dairy herd is carried out at a low level - 20-25 calves from one hundred cows are lost annually, while they lose the milk increase in the lactation of new -bodied cows, which leads to significant economic damage.According to the chosen scheme, cows of the experimental group (n-12) who did not come to the hunt for a long time after calving (90-110 days) were used on the farm: progesterone and bitostimulgin were injected intramuscularly on days 1.3 and 5, follimag and biostimulgin were administered on day 7 of the experiment. The experiment lasted from May 10 to October 30, 2021, followed by monitoring of pregnancy in cows until the end of this year.The effectiveness of stimulation of reproductive function was assessed by the timing of the manifestation of hunting and the results of insemination - by determining pregnancy. The obtained results of studies on the complex use of hormonal drugs showed positive changes in the reproductive function of the reproductive organs, primarily in the ovaries – cows came to the hunt: 3 – after 12 days, 1 – on day 16 and 3 - on day 18, while all without re-entering the hunt after day 7 of the completed introduction of follimag, after insemination they turned out to be pregnant. The injected drugs restored the function of the ovaries for the formation of follicles and the release of full-fledged eggs in 7 cows (58.2%), with a long period of infertility.
Cellular composition of the kidneys of the common carp after the use of cellobacterin-T under conditions of anthropogenic pressure
Authors: Mikhaylov E. V. , Bolotova V. S. , Butorakina D. M. , Strelnikov N. A. , Zhukova V. V.
Published: February 2023

The study presents the data on the cellular composition of the kidneys of the common carp against the background of the use of the probiotic Celloblacterin-T. The experiment was planned and carried out at a specialized fish farm in Voronezh region. Specimens of the common carp aged 1 year and weighing in the range of 250-300 grams were selected for the experiment. As part of the baseline study, kidneys were taken from fish (n=5) for cytological studies. After that, the fish were divided into 2 groups: carps from the control (n=8000) and experimental (n=8000) ponds. The fish from the control pond received the main diet, and the fish from the experimental pond received the probiotic drug Cellobacterin-T (with the main diet), calculated at a dose of 2 kg/t of feed. Then a test fishing was carried out, during which kidneys were taken from the specimens of both ponds (n=8 from each) for cytological studies. They were conducted 14 days after the beginning of using the probiotic and 42 days after the beginning (12 days after the end of using the probiotic). In the baseline study, we revealed inhibition of the lymphoid lineage of the anterior kidney, an inflammatory neutrophilic reaction caused by the effect of heavy metals, as evidenced by a low number of lymphocytes (16.5%) and a high number of neutrophils and their precursors (10.5%). Against the background of the use of Cellobacterin-T, activation of lymphocytes was observed, their number increased by 1.9 times relative to the baseline study. The number of neutrophils and their precursors was reduced by 3 times. After discontinuation of the drug, the results of the experimental group were close to the results of the baseline study.
Test of the preparation "DELCID® 7.5" in cattle choriooptosis
Authors: Shafiev A. P. , Tokarev A. N. , Engashev S. V. , Yengasheva E. S.
Published: February 2023

The drug "Delcid ® 7.5" was obtained in the scientific and innovation center "Agrovetzashchita". One ml of the drug as active ingredients contains: deltamethrin – 7.5 mg, diflubenzuron – 3 mg and piperonyl butoxide – 1.5 mg, as well as auxiliary substances. It has a wide spectrum of insecticidal and acaricidal action. The aim of our study was to study the therapeutic efficacy of the drug for veterinary use «Delcid ® 7.5» in bovine chorioptosis.Methods. The test of the drug "Delcid ® 7.5" was carried out on 10 cows aged from May 17 to June 1, 2021 at the livestock enterprise SEC "Kobralovsky", located at the address: Leningrad region, Gatchina district, village. Kobralovo. Based on the results of clinical and laboratory studies on the principle of analogues, one experimental group (No. 1) of cows and one similar control group (No. 2) were formed with obvious clinical signs of chorioptosis and positive laboratory results. The drug "Delcid ® 7.5" was applied to cows of experimental group No. 1. Animals of control group No. 2 were treated with the drug "Butox 7.5" produced by Intervet International B.V. (Netherlands).Results. According to the results of clinical examination of cows of experimental and control groups and laboratory examination of samples taken from them, it was found that the use of the drug "Delcid ® 7.5" allows us to talk about 100% effectiveness in chorioptosis of cattle. The presence of Chorioptes bovis ticks 5 days after the end of treatment in one of 10 samples taken from animals of the control group indicates 90% effectiveness of the drug "Butox 7.5" in chorioptosis of cattle.
Evaluation of the survival of fish in acid environment under the action of ursodeoxycholic acid
Authors: Popova O. S. , Ponamarev V. S.
Published: February 2023

Currently, there is a sufficient amount of data on agricultural activities, including livestock, animal husbandry and fish farming, which can affect the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of freshwater lakes. However, the consequences of infection, contamination by agricultural activities, on the microbial ecosystem have been unclear.Most toxins are hepatotoxic, so the hepatobiliary system is quite common in fish of all species. Depending on the degree of toxicity of the poison, the severity of the manifestation can manifest itself in the form of massive necrosis of hepatocytes with obvious acute liver failure, and in the form of chronic intoxication with a gradual increase in degenerative processes in the liver.To assess the effectiveness of medicinal products for fish, a first test in the laboratory of the toxicity of pharmaceutical substances that are introduced into the reference preparation is necessary. So, because of diseases - hepatoprotectors is ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), which can be of two types - synthetic and extraction. Regardless of its nature, the drug has a place in its pharmacokinetic activity in both veterinary medicine and medicine.At the moment, aqua and mariculture has a colossal dose in modern drugs for pharmacocorrection of pathological non-infectious etiology, which have complexity and a universal integral pharmacological response. However, the discovery of the area of discovery of medicinal compositions occurs due to the non-standard habitat of natural resources compared to classical ones.Research in this area involves the use of new methodological approaches to the design of functional pharmaceutical substances.
Study of the effectiveness of a feed additive for calves based on fungi Trichoderma reesei and Ganoderma Lucidum
Authors: Potekhina R. M. , Tremasova A. M. , Tarasova E. Yu. , Milovankin D. I.
Published: February 2023

Gastrointestinal diseases occupy one of the leading places in terms of frequency and mass manifestation in the structure of pathologies of young farm animals. It is known that the main causes of the death of young cattle (cattle) are various viral and bacterial infections, as well as errors in keeping and feeding. Therefore, the development of feed additives from natural components, characterized by eco-friendly, cheapness, harmlessness in handling and technology in use, to reduce the incidence of animals due to nonspecific stimulation of protective mechanisms in the body remains an urgent task in the form of activation of bactericidal, lysozyme activity of blood serum. In this regard, the aim of the research was to determine the effectiveness of a natural feed additive consisting of the mycelial fungus Trichoderma reesei LA-531 VKPM F-184, a soil isolate – producer of cellulases and hemicellulases, which use to produce feed protein, with the addition of fungus Ganoderma Lucidum, which has an immunomodulatory, antitumor, antiviral, antibiotic properties and is widely used in biotechnology, and sphagnum moss. The experiments were conducted on the basis of the farm of LLC "Biruli" of the Republic of Tatarstan on calves of 2 months of age, with a live weight of 60-70 kg, divided into three groups of 10 heads each. Group 1 calves received a basic ration (BR) with the addition of feed grain mixed with a substrate (moss-sphagnum) at a dose of 1 % of the ration. The calves of the 2nd group received a developed feed additive in addition to the BR (at the rate of 1% of the diet). The calves of the 3 groups were given BR (biological control). The experimental period was 30 days. It is shown that daily addition of a feed additive at a dose of 1% of the basic diet increases the safety of young animals by 20.0 %, leads to a decrease in the incidence of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases by 40.0 %, contributes to an increase in the average daily weight gain by 30.1 % compared with the control group.
Modern molecular genetic technologies for forming a list of representatives normal bird microflora
Authors: Prasolova O. V. , Malik N. I. , Soltynskaya I. V. , Bogomazova A. N. , Krylova E. V. , Malik E. V.
Published: February 2023

The results of the metagenomic analysis revealed a high phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity of the microbial community of both luminal and mucosal microflora of the bird intestinal microbiome. Analysis of the taxonomic structure of the compared microbiomes showed both similarities and differences in the taxonomic diversity and relative abundance (%) of bacteria of the compared microbiomes at the level of order, class, genus.At the type level, 24 taxonomic categories were identified in the luminal and mucosal intestinal microbiome of birds, at the class level 35, at the order level 75, at the family level 168, at the genus level 350.The main share of the microbial community of the luminal and mucosal microbiome was made up of microorganisms belonging to the Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidetes phyla. Comparison of the biological diversity of the colonic and mucosal microbiomes at the phylum level showed that the relative value of Proteobacteria in relation to Firmicutes in the mucosal microbiome was 3.25 times higher, and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in the colonic microbiome was 3.98 times higher. than in mucosal.At the genus level, differences in the composition of microbiomes were manifested by a greater relative share (in decreasing order) in the luminal microbiome of representatives of the genus Lactobacillus, Candidatus Arthromitus, Romboutsia, Gallibacterium, Campylobacter, Enterococcus, and representatives of the genus Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Bradyrhizobium in the mucosal microbiome. An in-depth study of the intestinal microbiota using cultivation techniques and high-tech methods for identifying microorganisms, taking into account the results of metagenomic analysis, can significantly expand the understanding of the species diversity of microbiomes and the functions of representatives of various taxa in maintaining bird health, as well as to form a census of representatives of normal bird microflora.
Electrocardiogram of pigs in sagittal bipolar leads
Authors: Gulyaeva A. S. , Smirnova S. L. , Roschevskaya I. M.
Published: February 2023

The similarity of porcine coronary circulation with humans [15], hemodynamic parameters [16] is suitable for using the porcine heart as an experimental model of cardiovascular diseases specific to humans. Pigs are a source of human valve bioprostheses [12]. Studies of pigs as donors for xenotransplantation have shown that it is impossible to unequivocally consider the heart of a pig to be identical to a human heart. The topography of the conducting system of the pig leads to significant differences in the sequence of depolarization of the heart ventricles, which must be taken into account when conducting electrocardiographic studies [3, 4].The aim of the study was to study the amplitude-temporal characteristics of the ECG in a normal pig. ECG in pigs was recorded in sagittal bipolar trunk leads according to Roshchevsky [7]. Animals were anesthetized with 1% solution of ventranquil (0,02 ml/kg), urethane (1,5 g/kg) intramuscularly. Heart rate in anesthetized pigs varied from 74 to 194 beats/min, the animals were divided into three groups. In the first group, animals with heart rate less than 100 beats/min, in the second from 100 to 150 beats/min, in the third more than 150 beats/min.In the course of the study, it was shown that in bipolar sagittal leads, the P-wave is positive single-phase; the most common configuration of the initial ventricular activity complex is rS; The T-wave is mostly positive. In animals from groups with significant differences in heart rate on the ECG in three bipolar sagittal leads, the shape and duration of the Q, R, S waves did not differ, the duration of the PQ and QT intervals differed significantly. The duration of the corrected QTc interval in animals with different heart rates practically did not differ.
Pathomorphological changes of serous membranes in cats
Authors: Levterov D. E. , Belyaeva E. V.
Published: February 2023

Pathomorphological examination is an important method of diagnosing various animal diseases. Autopsy results provide a preliminary diagnosis of the disease, are important for differential diagnosis, and in combination with histological examination may be sufficient to establish a final diagnosis.The serous membranes lining the internal cavities of the body produce and absorb a specific serous fluid that supports the dynamic qualities of internal organs; perform a protective function.Pathologoanatomic changes of the pleura and peritoneum were studied in six cats, the histological picture in two animals.Pathologoanatomic changes in four cats were characteristic for infectious peritonitis – the main cause of damage to serous membranes in this animal species. The exudative form of the disease was detected in one cat as subacute serofibrinous peritonitis. The mixed form was observed in three individuals with the phenomena of subacute serous pleurisy and peritonitis, fibrinous perigepatitis, bilateral granulomatous nephritis, granulomatous pleurisy and pericarditis, lobar granulomatous pneumonia. The damage of the peritoneum was noted in all four cases, the pleura – in two of these.Upon autopsy of the corpse of one animal, a combination of subacute sero-fibrinous pleurisy and subacute focal necrotic pneumonia of the cranial lobes of the lungs against the background of panleukopenia was diagnosed. These changes could have both bacterial and viral origin.One cat had a tumor of the left horn of the uterus with single neoplasms in the pleura of the diaphragm and multiple ones in the mesentery of the small intestine, thicker than the pleura, lung. Histological examination revealed that this is a tubular-papillary carcinoma with metastases. Under the microscope, tubular structures are noticeable, the lumen of which is made by papillary outgrowths of densely arranged atypical polymorphic cells.
Histological patterns of kidney structure in newborn one-day-old Yorkshire piglets
Authors: Pidchenko R. D. , Shchipakin M. V.
Published: February 2023

Questions related to the peculiarities of the structure of the kidneys in productive animals are currently relevant, and affect such an apparatus as urination. The study of the structure of the organs of urination, in particular, the kidneys, their anatomy and histology in animals in species, breed and age aspects, expand the field of knowledge of veterinary specialists. This knowledge allows you to select an individual approach to a specific animal in the treatment of kidney pathology, thanks to the study of embryogenesis and the peculiarities of the development of this organ in neonatal animals. The aim of the study was to study the features of the histological structure of the kidneys in newborn one–day-old Yorkshire piglets, as well as to establish morphometric parameters of histostructures of this organ. Cadaveric material for the study was delivered to the Department of Animal Anatomy of the SPbGUVM from the Idavang Agro pig breeding complex in Nurma village, Tosnensky district of the Leningrad region. The objects for this study were newborn one-day Yorkshire piglets in the number of five males and females. The age was determined by the bonus cards and from the words of the chief veterinarian of the farm.To achieve this task, a complex of traditional anatomical research methods was used: fine anatomical dissection, histological, photographing and morphometry. Histological examination revealed that in Yorkshire piglets, the kidney on the incision has a cortical and cerebral substance, which is a densely intertwined compound consisting of epithelial tubules and tubules, between which renal corpuscles and blood vessels of various types are visualized. According to the results of the histological study, morphometric data for each anatomical structure in female and male piglets of this group are presented.
Complex algorithm for correction of redox-homeostasis and functional disorders of the hepatorenal system in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) third stage (moderate renal azotemia) according to IRIS
Authors: Ushakova T. M.
Published: February 2023

Correction of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of the third stage (moderate renal azotemia) according to IRIS in cats should be carried out in a complex manner, taking into account the nature of the correlative relationships of redox homeostasis and functional disorders of the hepatorenal system. The additional antioxidant support of the organism as part of a complex scheme for the correction of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of the third stage (moderate renal azotemia) according to IRIS in cats contributed to the optimization of redox homeostasis (MDA– 18.45±1.38 µmol/ml and 24.96±1.07 µmol/ml DK - 0.43±0.03 uA/ml and 0.76±0.05 uA/ml CT - 0.56±0.02 Bach units and 0.41±0.02 Bach units ), normalization of indicators of functional activity of the components of the hepatorenal system (SDMA - 16.09±3.45 ug/dL and 21.32±3.05 ug/dL; UREA - 22.58±3.30 μmol/l and 28.73± 2.94 µmol/l, CREA - 252.91±9.35 µmol/l and 299.24±8.03 µmol/l, ALT - 56.89±5.10 U/l and 73.06±3.45 U /l, AST - 23.40±2.91 U/l and 26.71±2.17 U/l, ALP - 24.08±1.39 U/l and 28.93±1.60 U/l ), which in turn contributed to the correction of the level of metabolic processes of the body (T-Pro - 66.81±1.32 g/l and 72.86±2.60 g/l; GLB - 34.61±2.06 g/ l and 40.88±1.90 g/l, A/G - 0.93±0.02 and 0.78±0.03, P - 2.25±0.14 mmol/l and 2.70± 0.12 mmol/l Ca - 2.09±0.04 mmol/l and 1.89±0.10 mmol /l).
Morphogenesis of the ovary of a chicken embryo in the germinal period of embryonic ontogenesis
Authors: Khokhlov R. Y. , Kuznetsov S. I.
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the morphogenesis of the ovary of chickens in embryonic ontogenesis, namely, in the embryonic period, which lasts from the beginning of incubation to the 8-day age of the chicken embryo. The aim of the study was to study the morphology of the development of the ovary of chickens in early embryonic ontogenesis. The objectives of the study included: determining the timing of the onset of ovarian development in chicken embryos; determining the age of the chicken embryo in which the reduction of one of the gonads begins, namely the right one; determining the size of epithelial cells; describing the morphology of gonocytes. It has been established that the development of gonads in chicken embryos, in particular the ovary, begins on the fourth day of embryogenesis in the form of two strips. By the sixth day, the right and left gonads are already roller-shaped bodies with a covering epithelium and a capillary system. At the seven day age of the embryos, the reduction of the right ovary begins. At the eight day age of embryos, the thickness of the integumentary epithelium of the left ovary is 1,3 times higher than that of the right ovary, since the thickness of the epithelium in the left ovary was 6,9 microns, whereas in the right one 5,4 microns. By the end of the embryonic period, namely by the age of 8 days, there is no clear division of the organ into cortical and cerebral matter in the developing ovaries, there is an increase in vascularization of the organ and a decrease in the density of gonocyte placement. It should also be noted the intensive growth of the chicken embryo itself in the embryonic period, since the weight of the embryo increased 11 times from 4 to 8 days of age.
The content of leukocytes with sex chromatin in the blood and bone marrow of newborn mice
Authors: Panova N. A.
Published: February 2023

In the colostrum period, in the formation of immunity in newborns, a significant role belongs to colostrum cells, namely, lymphocytes. The synthesis of colostrum by the mammary gland is an important component for the further growth and development of offspring. Lymphocytes, getting into the body of a newborn with colostrum, activate the system of cellular immunity. In newborns, leukocytes with Barr bodies are found in the blood and bone marrow and, therefore, are maternal leukocytes transferred to the newborn along with colostrum. Sex chromatin (or Barr's body) is found in the cells of females only. Given this fact, it was interesting for us to detect the presence of leukocytes with Barra bodies in the blood and red bone marrow of newborn male mice. The aim of our study was to identify the presence of leukocytes with sex chromatin in the blood and bone marrow of newborn mice. The blood and bone marrow of newborn male mice of the colostrum period were used for the study. Prepared blood and red bone marrow preparations were examined using immersion optics. The study of the leukogram showed that in 3-day-old male mice there is a change in the blood profile from neutrophilic to lymphocytic. The ratio of lymphocytes and segmented neutrophils was 62,44±1,73 % and 42,34±1,56 %, respectively. At the same time, sex chromatin was found in 4,13± 1,35 % lymphoid cells, while in the red bone marrow of newborn male mice, 13,26±1,84 % lymphocytes were cells of maternal origin (p<0,001). Lymphocytes with maternal sex chromosomes penetrate into the central organs of the immune system of the newborn male mouse. In the colostrum, the content of lymphoid cells in the secretion of the mammary gland increases. The transfer, with colostrum, of immunity from the mother to the newborn is not only passive, but also the foundation is laid for the normal functioning of the immune system in the future. Colostrum cells are the basis of colostral cellular immunity. As a result, the newborn establishes a stable and long-term immunity.
The effect of corticosteroids on the morphobiochemical composition of blood and reproductive function in cows
Authors: Nikolaev S. V.
Published: February 2023

The effect of the glucocorticoidcontaining drug on the morphobiochemical composition of blood and reproductive function in cattle was studied. It was found that against the background of treatment in the postpartum period with corticosteroids, the concentration of eosinophils in the blood decreases by 87.5% (P <0.05), with a stable concentration of platelets. In animals without hormone therapy, an increase in the level of total protein was observed by 18.8% (P<0.01) with a decrease in the albuminglobulin coefficient by 26.4% (P<0.01), which was not observed when using corticosteroids. In the experimental group, the magnesium concentration decreased by 18.1% (P<0.05), with a stable level of phosphorus and calcium. The activity of transaminases against the background of the use of glucocorticoids had no significant changes, whereas in control animals an increase in the activity of AsAT was observed by 29.5% (P < 0.05). The level of total immunoglobulins in animals of the control group decreased by 77.4% (P≤0.001), whereas against the background of Cortexone use, the indicator was 3.9 times higher (P≤0.001). The small-sized CEC in the first group of cows decreased by 58.8%, which is 4.4 times lower (P<0.05) compared to the control group, where, on the contrary, the indicator increased 3.4 times (P<0.05). Similarly, in control cows, a decrease in the size of the CEC was observed, whereas against the background of the use of corticosteroids, on the contrary, their enlargement was observed by 83.8% (P≤0.001). The fertilization of animals after the first insemination against the background of the use of corticosteroids was 43.3% higher, with a lower (0.57) multiplicity of inseminations during fertilization and a shorter (19.2 days; P<0.05) period of infertility. Thus, the use of glucocorticoids in the postpartum period had a positive effect on metabolic processes and contributed to the optimization of reproductive function in cows.
Indicators of mammary gland secretion in cows with subclinical mastitis when using interferon-λ
Authors: Zimnikov V. I. , Manzhurina O. A. , Tyurina E. V.
Published: February 2023

The largest number of currently produced drugs for the treatment of mastitis in lactating cows contain antimicrobial components (antibiotics) as active substances. The studies were carried out on Red-Motley Holstein cows, in which subclinical mastitis was diagnosed. The animals selected for the experiment were divided into three groups. The first group included 8 animals, they were not treated and served as a negative control. In the second group, 10 cows were selected for treatment with Biferon-B for three days once a day at a dose of 10 ml. per animal. The animals of the third group were simultaneously administered interferon-λ and BiferonB intramuscularly, 10 ml each during those days. According to the results of clinical studies, it was found that no recovery was recorded in the animals in the negative control group. In the group of animals where Biferon-B was used, the efficacy of treatment was 60.0%, and with the combined use of Biferon-B and interferon-λ, the effect of treatment was 83.3%. In these animals, the number of somatic cells decreased by 14.3 times, the concentration of neutrophils – by 2.6 times, the amount of total Ig - by 67.5%, CIC - by 61.5%, against the background of an increase in the number of lymphocytes by 6.0 times, monocytes - by 2.1 times and lysozyme - by 45.3%, and the bacterial contamination of the udder secretion also decreased to 0.08 thousand CFU/ml, which was by 120 times less compared to the initial state. Only Escherichia coli has been isolated from the udder secretion in 20.0% of cases that confirms the clinical efficacy of the treatment.