bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constructive Separations and Their Consequences
Authors: Chen Lijie , Jin Ce , Santhanam Rahul , Williams Ryan
Published: February 2024

For a complexity class $C$ and language $L$, a constructive separation of $L
\notin C$ gives an efficient algorithm (also called a refuter) to find
counterexamples (bad inputs) for every $C$-algorithm attempting to decide $L$.
We study the questions: Which lower bounds can be made constructive? What are
the consequences of constructive separations? We build a case that
"constructiveness" serves as a dividing line between many weak lower bounds we
know how to prove, and strong lower bounds against $P$, $ZPP$, and $BPP$. Put
another way, constructiveness is the opposite of a complexity barrier: it is a
property we want lower bounds to have. Our results fall into three broad
categories.
1. Our first set of results shows that, for many well-known lower bounds
against streaming algorithms, one-tape Turing machines, and query complexity,
as well as lower bounds for the Minimum Circuit Size Problem, making these
lower bounds constructive would imply breakthrough separations ranging from
$EXP \neq BPP$ to even $P \neq NP$.
2. Our second set of results shows that for most major open problems in lower
bounds against $P$, $ZPP$, and $BPP$, including $P \neq NP$, $P \neq PSPACE$,
$P \neq PP$, $ZPP \neq EXP$, and $BPP \neq NEXP$, any proof of the separation
would further imply a constructive separation. Our results generalize earlier
results for $P \neq NP$ [Gutfreund, Shaltiel, and Ta-Shma, CCC 2005] and $BPP
\neq NEXP$ [Dolev, Fandina and Gutfreund, CIAC 2013].
3. Our third set of results shows that certain complexity separations cannot
be made constructive. We observe that for all super-polynomially growing
functions $t$, there are no constructive separations for detecting high
$t$-time Kolmogorov complexity (a task which is known to be not in $P$) from
any complexity class, unconditionally.
The impact of school closures on learners’ mental health in the context of COVID-19 in the City of Cape Town
Authors: Chauke Thulani Andrew , Obadire Olusegun Samson
Published: February 2024

This paper explores the negative impact of the shutdown of contact-based learning on learners’ mental health as a result of COVID-19 and provides recommendations to promote learners’ mental health during and post COVID-19. A qualitative research method was used to guide the collection and analysis of the data. Data was collected from a sample of 20 learners from Cape Town and analysed through thematic analysis. The study findings revealed that with the shutdown of contact-based learning as one of the COVID-19 containment measures by the government learners experienced social anxiety disorder and sleeping disorder. Youth policymakers need to design interventions that promote mental health in after-school programmes implemented by qualified youth workers and social workers. Youth workers should take the courses of action in a non-formal education to promote youth mental health.
The Alteration and Mineralization Characteristics of Miocene Porphyry Cu-Au Deposits of Chagai Magmatic Belt, District Chagai, Balochistan, Pakistan
Authors: Murad Fida , Ghaffar Abdul , Ullah Inayat , Shakoor Mastoi Abdul , Tariq Zaman Muhammad
Published: February 2024

Subduction related Miocene porphyry type deposits are found in the east-west trending Chagai magmaticbelt (CMB) in Pakistan's western margin, Balochistan. This arc exists on the west segment of the Tethyan metallogenicbelt in the south-west of Pakistan. Tethyan metallogenic belt is widely spread over 12,000 km from east to westdirection from Indochina, Tibet, Pakistan, Iran, Turkey and Alpine mountain range in Europe. During the last thirty toforty years several porphyry deposits have been reported in the Chagai magmatic arc, including the very large RekoDiq H14-H15, large Saindak, Tanjeel, H35, H8 and medium Dasht-e-Kain porphyry deposits and many small porphyrycopper deposits. These porphyry deposits were developed within the phase of calc-alkaline type magmatism in theChagai arc. Tonalite, quartz diorite, and monzonite host the porphyry deposits within the adjacent sedimentary wallrock units of Sinjrani Volcanic Group, Juzzak, Saindak, and Amalaf Formations. The concentric zonal pattern ofhydrothermal alteration in these porphyry deposits of the Chagai magmatic arc follows the world's major porphyrydeposits' alteration pattern. Zones of hydrothermal alteration from distal to proximal part includes a potassic alteration,sericitic-clay-chlorite alteration, sericitic alteration, argillic alteration and propylitic alteration. Major ore mineralizationin these deposits is of copper, gold, silver, molybdenum, and minor constituents of other base metals that have beenreported to occur within hydrothermal alteration zones in the Miocene porphyry Chagai magmatic arc.
Comparative Analysis of Trace Elements Found in Commonly Used Vegetables Irrigated By Fresh And Waste Water in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Aziz Ambreen , Haroon Urooj , Yasmeen Kausar , Zuberi M. Hashim , Hassan Khalid , Hassan Maryam
Published: February 2024

Use of municipal waste water (both treated and untreated) has now become a common practice in urban andperi-urban areas. Mostly vegetables in urban cities like Karachi are being irrigated by sewerage water. In this study acomparison of sewage and fresh water-irrigated vegetables has been made with respect to trace metals. Among commonlyused vegetables, green onion, cabbage, pumpkin, eggplant, bird’s eye chili and okra were selected. Two sets of thesevegetables were collected, one from local farm where irrigation was done with well water and other set of samples wascollected from Malir, Karachi where irrigation was done with waste water. Samples were analyzed for heavy metals i.e.K, Na, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Fe, and As by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. It showed that both sets of samples were foundto contain metal concentrations beyond the limits set by WHO/EU. Apart from tomato, the concentration of only Cd wasnear the standard value for both sets. Similar results were obtained for K except for pumpkin in which the concentrationfor waste water irrigated samples was fairly high. Amount of Cu and Fe were moderately higher than the standard in bothsamples. Arsenic in all the samples was considerably high while maximum concentration was obtained for Pd against thelimits. These findings suggest waste water irrigated vegetables pose high risk to human health. The concentrations of Asand Pb were high in fresh water samples possibly, the well water may contain metals, therefore it is important to knowthe source.
Determination of Impact of Mining Operations on Accidents and Diseases at Work in Turkey
Authors: Çınar Ibrahim , Şensöğüt Cem
Published: February 2024

Today, due to the rapidly developing technology, new production techniques are used to utilize naturalresources more efficiently. The rapid change and competition conditions brought about by technology cause occupationalaccidents as a result of some deficiencies and negative situations in working life. In this study, the situation of miningactivities in 5 different classes within occupational accidents was evaluated by using the statistics of Social SecurityInstitution of Turkey (SSI) between the years 2010-2019. In addition, the current situation of mining activities in termsof occupational accidents and occupational diseases in other sectors was analyzed by examining the data of 5 other sectorstogether. The results of present study reveal that occupational accidents, related deaths and workday losses are high inthe mining sector among other sectors
Index-based Approach in Relation to Built-up and LST Dynamics; A Study of Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Javid Kanwal , Nawaz Akram Muhammad Ameer , Pervaiz Shazia , Siddiqui Rumana , Mazhar Nausheen
Published: February 2024

In 21st century, cities outpaced in size and also in density due to development of economic sector.Consequently, the wide spread expansion of urban areas is resulting in the loss of productive green cover and waterbodies. Therefore, realizing this alarming situation, the present study is aimed to investigate and evaluate the pattern ofurban expansion by considering two major land cover types (i) built-up area (ii) other classes (vegetation, waterbody,soil etc.) during the last six years (2015-2020). For this study Sentinel imagery was acquired from USGS EarthExplorer, while Modis Terra images were acquired from World View NASA. New built-up area index (NBUI),normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), worldview water index (WV-WI) and land surface temperature (LST)were calculated in order to analyze variations in Lahore’s major land cover types and its varying temperature patterns.Spatial analysis presented the obvious impacts of land development on Lahore. NBUI indicated that the built-up areahas increased drastically from 34.0% in 2015 to 84.2% in 2020; NDVI analysis depicted a decline from 0.76% to0.73%, in the green spaces of Lahore during the study period; WV-WI portrayed inconsistent values of water bodies, agift of massive rise in the built-up area in Lahore. LST results presented that the temperature was 42.21°C in 2015,which simultaneously increased and recorded at 49.51°C in 2020. The increase in LST exhibited the alarming situationfor urban environment and can become threat to increase the air pollution level in Lahore. Therefore, this study willserve as a snapshot for policy makers to control the menace of unplanned urbanization by formulating stringent policiesto protect environment.
Monte Carlo Simulation and Scenario Analysis Based Limestone Quarry Production Planning
Authors: Shah Kausar Sultan , Ur Rehman Safi
Published: February 2024

The key factor behind raw mix design in the cement factory is the appropriate production planning, resultingin high-quality raw material. Quarry managers usually come up with uncertainty-related raw materials due to variationsin chemical composition. These uncertainties required efficient planning in terms of useful insight into this problem.This research provides a detailed explanation of scenario analysis of raw materials used in cement manufacturing usingMonte Carlo simulation (MCS) and indices. Scenario analysis is used to predict the possibility of best, worst and mostlikely cases of raw material’s quality. Whereas, Monte Carlo simulation is used to evaluate the inherent uncertaintyassociated with chemical composition values in order to analyze the impact of truly unpredictable scenarios. Thepredictive results help in decisions related to production planning, raw mix design optimization and increasing theprobability of designing the best plan.
Spatial and Temporal Variations of Temperature in the Punjab Province, Pakistan
Authors: Abbasi Sohail , Shirazi Safdar Ali , Mazhar Nausheen , Mahmood Kashif , Ahmad Khan Ashfak
Published: February 2024

Identifying the temperature change at a regional level is one of the essential parameters to determine theintensity of climate change. The current investigation provides an examination of changing trends of temperature in thePunjab province from 1970 to 2019. Sen's slope estimator method is applied to monthly data of mean temperature(Tmean), maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) to calculate the rate of temperature change.Statistical methods were used to find out the level of significance in terms of negative or positive trends to examine thevariability among various weather observatories. Moreover, predicted values have also been observed for a detailedanalysis of temperature variability and trends. Significant and pronounced changes in the mean temperature (T mean)are distinguished all over the Punjab regions with an increasing trend from North to South Punjab. In the case ofmaximum temperature (Tmax), a faster rate of rising in temperature is observed over the Southern and Western regionsof Punjab. In contrast, the minimum temperature (Tmin) shows an increasing trend in Central Punjab. The findingsprovide detailed insight to policymakers for the planning of mitigating efforts and adaptation strategies in response toclimate change.
Implementasi Pendampingan Akuntansi untuk UMKM Barokah
Authors: Sandra Amelia , Arfianti Rizka Indri , Apriwenni Prima
Published: February 2024

Tujuan dari program ini untuk memberikan pendampingan, diskusi dan sebagai fasilitator dalam penerapan akuntansi sederhana dan pembuatan laporan keuangan yang efektif bagi Usaha Kecil Mikro dan Menengah (UMKM) Barokah di Painan, Sumatera Barat dengan beberapa diversifikasi jenis usaha yaitu dagang dan jasa. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan pada saat pandemi Covid-19 sehingga kegiatan ini dilaksanakan menggunakan aplikasi google meet. Kehadiran tim instruktur melalui program pengabdian masyarakat dalam pembinaan penerapan akuntansi sederhana mendapat respon positif. Kebutuhan pengetahuan pelaku usaha mengenai pembuatan laporan keuangan untuk dapat menghitung laba rugi usaha, dan juga dapat mengetahui kapan usahanya akan dikenakan pajak. Di samping itu juga dapat memahami bagaimana pengendalian persediaan dengan mudah.
Fármacos antirreumáticos modificadores de la enfermedad convencionales y biológicos en enfermedad renal crónica y hemodiálisis
Authors: Santacruz Devia Juan Camilo , Mantilla Marta Juliana , Pulido Sandra , Varela Diana Cristina , Agudelo Carlos Alberto , Londoño John
Published: February 2024

La enfermedad renal crónica avanzada y las distintas modalidades de terapias de reemplazo renal, han sido una gran limitante al momento de prescribir las distintas terapias convencionales y biológicas, empleadas para el tratamiento de las diferentes enfermedades autoinmunes. Muchas de ellas persisten con gran actividad requiriendo el uso de otro tipo de medicamentos como los glucocorticoides o antiinflamatorios no esteroideos, perpetuando aún más sus efectos adversos. Adicionalmente la mayoría de los estudios clínicos han excluido a los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica y la evidencia de continuar los tratamientos biológicos en este escenario se fundamenta en las propiedades farmacocinéticas o en reportes de caso donde los desenlaces han sido favorables. La falta de conocimiento y la ausencia de pautas claras para la toma de decisiones respecto a iniciar la terapia convencional o biológica en este contexto generan una falta de continuidad en la prescripción de tratamientos, lo que disminuye la respuesta terapéutica y afecta negativamente la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Por esta razón, se lleva a cabo una revisión narrativa con el objetivo de establecer un consenso práctico que unifique las recomendaciones para cada uno de los tratamientos utilizados con mayor frecuencia en el control de las diversas enfermedades autoinmunes en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada.
Increase in Early Onset Scoliosis Publications in Major Orthopaedic and Spine Journals: 2005-2020
Authors: Murphy Robert F
Published: February 2024

Study Design: Retrospective review

Purpose: To quantify trends in published research in 8 major orthopaedic and spine journals related to Early Onset Scoliosis (EOS) from 2005-2020. We also investigated publication trends in specific subtopics within EOS research.

Methods: The electronic archives of 8 journals (Spine, European Spine Journal, Journal of Children’s Orthopaedics, Spine Deformity, Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume and The Bone and Joint Journal) were queried for articles published from 2005-2020 containing search terms particular to the following subtopics of EOS research: congenital scoliosis, infantile scoliosis, thoracic insufficiency syndrome, scoliosis casting, Traditional Growing Rod, Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib, Magnetically Controlled Growing Rod and EOS in general. Results were screened to exclude editorials, conference papers and corrections. Included EOS articles were aggregated and analyzed with respect to journal, year of publication and subtopic.

Results: From 2005-2020, a total of 32,000 publications were identified, of which 1,818 (5.7%) were qualified as EOS articles by the presence of at least one search term. The annual number of EOS articles increased from 60 in 2005 to 157 in 2020 and the annual ratio of EOS articles to total publications increased from 4.1% to 7.9%. Congenital spine-related terms matched to the greatest number of articles, while implant-related terms collectively experienced the greatest percentage increase in matching articles per year.

Conclusion: The number of EOS articles published in 8 major orthopaedic and spine journals increased in both absolute and relative terms from 2005-2020. Implant-related subtopics saw the greatest increase.
Ayurveda Upachara on Amavata
Authors: Shashi Rekha V
Published: February 2024

This study delves into the positive impact of a 15-day Snehapana treatment on a patient, revealing significant relief from pain, reduced joint stiffness, and overall improvement. The subsequent follow-up assessment demonstrates the complete elimination of pain, swelling, sensitivity, and hardness. The success underscores the pivotal role of addressing Agni impairment, Ama formation, and Vata dosha vitiation in effectively managing Amavata. The sequential approach, encompassing the transformation of Ama into Niramaavasta, coupled with Virechan and Snehana treatments, proved to be successful. Notably, Snehana emerged as a crucial element, playing a key role in eliminating Ama-related issues, calming Vata, and clearing impurities. These findings provide valuable insights into a comprehensive and successful strategy for Amavata management, emphasizing the importance of a tailored treatment plan targeting the root causes of the condition.
Pharmaceutical and Physico-Chemical Study of Shilajit Bhasma
Authors: Richa Ojha  , Ankit Gupta  , Sanjay Kumar Pandey
Published: February 2024

Although there were mention of Shilajit Bhasma (Calx) in various classical texts, but no specific study or usage of the same found mention in Google Scholar, ARD, Pub-Med, NCBI, AYUSH Research Portal and other open source database. This study is intended for preparation of Shilajit Bhasma (Calx) and assessments of physico-chemical properties of the same. Methods: The Bhasma (Calx) of Shilajit was being prepared using classical references, from Shilajit purified with two different methods, namely, Ushna Jal Shodhita Shilajit (Agnitapi) and Triphala Kwatha (decoction) Shodhit Shilajit (Suryatapi). Main constituents used in Marana (incineration) were purified Gandhak (sulphur), Haritala (orpiment), Manasila (realgar) in equal proportion to Shilajit. IEC No. for the study is IEC-RAC-18/R.S.B.K.-18-M.D.(Ayu.). Results: Result of the FE-SEM shows that both samples contain crystalline of nano size, with size ranged from 100nm – 1µm, with irregular shape and sizes. The findings of FE-SEM are in concordance to results of classical examinations of Bhasma (Calx). XRD intensity plots of both samples show various sharp and small peaks, when diffraction patterns were observed at different 2ɵ angles ranges from 10° to 70°, various peaks identified to correspond with known peaks for S & AsS and have been marked on the plots. ICP-MS and flame photometry of both samples reveals the presence of Na, Ca, K, Mg, Mn & As in different ratio. Conclusions: It has been concluded that the elemental composition of Shilajit Bhasma have a strong similarity with Purified Shilajit.
Ayurvedic Insights into Re-Emerging Human Brucellosis
Authors: Krishna G S  , L Mahadevan  , Kasthuri Nair A  , Arun Pratap
Published: February 2024

Brucellosis is a bacterial infection caused by Brucella melintensis. It is one of the most widespread endemic zoonotic diseases present globally, more prevalent in developing countries. It is transmitted to humans either through direct contact with infected animal tissues or fluids or indirectly by ingesting contaminated meat and unpasteurized dairy products. The route of transmission includes mainly mucocutaneous. Farmers, butchers, hunters, and veterinarians are mainly at higher risk of contracting this condition. Mostly the affected individuals exhibit flu-like symptoms, remittent fever, malaise, arthralgia, and weight loss which lasts from a few days to several years. The condition is often misdiagnosed due to nonspecific clinical symptoms, leading to inadequate treatment and prolonged illness leading to severe complications like endocarditis. Currently, there is no vaccine for human brucellosis. The modern management includes administration of antibiotics. The gold standard diagnostic tool is direct bacteriological testing. Ayurvedic understanding of endemic diseases highlights the unique concept of Janapathhodhwamsa proposed by Acharyas. They considered Vayu, Jala, Kala, and Desa as common factors in manifestation of disease. Any alteration in these factors can be understood as imbalance and disease outbreak emerged due to urbanization, lack of hygienic measures in animal husbandry, etc. remaining a public health hazard. Brucellosis is known by its undulant nature which closely resembles the Vishama Jwara in classics which is a Sannipatika type of Jwara. Amapachana, Shodhana, and Samana line of management followed by Rasayana, Satvritta Palana as a preventive line can be adopted to manage Brucellosis.
Investigation into the use of acid modified millet (Pennisetum glaucum) starch mucilage as tablet binder
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State, Nigeria, Meko Ogochukwu A , Mudiaga-Ojemu Bibiana O ,   Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001, Nigeria, Ubah Chiagoziem P ,   Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001, Nigeria, Eraga Sylvester O ,   Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001, Nigeria, Iwuagwu Magnus A ,   Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001, Nigeria
Published: February 2024

Purpose: To investigate the binding properties of the modified (acid treated) millet (Pennisetum glaucum) starch mucilage in comparison with maize starch BP on some physical characteristics of paracetamol tablets. Methods: Pennisetum glaucumstarch was extracted and subjected to acid modification. Mucilages of the modified starch and maize starch BP was used to prepare paracetamol granules and tablets by wet granulation method at various concentrations. The granules were characterized for their flow properties while the tablets were characterized for their tablet parameters. In vitro drug release and FTIR compatibility studies was carried out on the tablet formulation. Results: The starch extraction and modification processes gave a percentage yield of 53.65 and 58.74 % respectively. Prepared granules were free flowing with Carr’s indices, Hausner’s ratios and angles of repose of ≤15%, ≤1.2 and <31°, respectively. At all binder concentrations, the tablets showed satisfactory hardness (5.15-7.75 kp), friability values (< 1.0 %) and disintegration times (<15 min). The dissolution studies showed that all batches achieved over 70 % drug release in 30 min while the compatibility study revealed no interaction between paracetamol and the modified starch. Conclusion: The results from the study show that modified millet starch when used as a binder in paracetamol tablets exhibited comparable granule and tablet properties with maize starch BP. Keywords: Pennisetum glaucum, modification, starch, binder, paracetamol tablets
Impact of Brain derived Neurotrophic factor gene polymorphism on its peripheral levels in schizophrenic patients
Authors: Irshad Bibi  , Farina Hanif  , Quratulain Amir  , Washdev Washdev  , Mohammad Furqan Bari
Published: February 2024

Objective: To determine serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its polymorphism rs12291063 in schizophrenic patients.
Method: The case-control study was conducted from January 1, 2020, to May 15, 2021, at Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, and comprised schizophrenia cases aged 14-60 years who were diagnosed using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V criteria, and healthy controls without any psychiatric illness. Positive and negative syndrome scale score was used to assess disease severity. The genomic deoxyribonucleic acid of the subjects was isolated from peripheral blood, followed by polymerase chain reaction, gel electrophoresis and sequencing of the amplicons. The sequences were analysed using MEGA X software for genotyping. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Results: Of the 100 subjects, 50(50%) were cases; 36(72%) males and 14(28%) females (p<0.05) with mean age 34.34±10.32 years. There were 50(50%) controls; 32(64%) males and 18(36%) females (p=0.391) with mean age 30.886±8.88 years. Among the cases, the mean age at schizophrenia diagnosis was 25.14±9.54 years, and there was a significant association with positive family history for psychiatric disorders (p<0.05). Sequencing revealed no T>C substitution. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were significantly higher in cases compared to controls (p<0.001). There was a weak negative correlation between brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and positive and negative syndrome scale score (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Higher brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were found to be associated with schizophrenia, while no association of rs12291063 T>C was found with schizophrenia.
Key Words: Brain derived neurotrphic factor, genotyping, Schizophrenia, Mental Disorders.
Serum Leptin levels in newly diagnosed Epileptic Patients
Authors: Sajida Parveen  , Zeba Haque  , Muhammad Ahsan  , Jawwad-us- Salam Khan  , Sidra Zaheer  , Syeda Samira Azim
Published: February 2024

Objective: To compare leptin levels in newly-diagnosed treatment-naive epileptic patients and healthy controls.
Method: This case-control study was conducted from January 10 to September 15, 2022, at the Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, and comprised newly-diagnosed epileptic patients age 12-35years who had no comorbidity. The subjects were enrolled from the Neurology out-patient department of Civil Hospital, Karachi. Healthy individuals matched for age, gender and body mass index were also enrolled as controls. Blood samples were collected between 8am and 10am for the evaluation of serum leptin levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data was analysed using SPSS 26.
Results: Of the 100 subjects, 64(64%) were males and 36(36%) were females. There were 50(50%) cases with mean age 19.34±5.65 years, and 50(50%) controls with mean age 19.76±5.67 (p=0.614). 100% of 50 individuals in control group did not have any family history of epilepsy,while 18% of cases (9) reported a positive family history. Mean leptin level in cases was 31.03±19.37 compared to 5.25±4.03 in the controls (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Serum leptin levels were elevated in newly-diagnosed epileptic patients compared to healthy controls.
Key Words: Epilepsy, Leptin, Leptin resistance.
Investigating vertical transmission and maternofoetal outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19: a case-control study from Pakistan
Authors: Samra Khan  , Sharmeen Fayyaz  , Muhammad Irfan  , Muhammad Shakeel  , Zaib Un Nisa Talbani  , Sajida Imran  , Muhammad Khalid Shafi  , Imtiaz Bashir  , Ishtiaq Ahmed Khan
Published: February 2024

Objective: To estimate the frequency of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 among pregnant women, the impact in terms of obstetrical and clinical outcomes and vertical transmission to the neonates.
Method: The prospective, case-control study was conducted at Zainab Panjwani Memorial Hospital, Karachi, from March to December 2021, and comprised pregnant women regardless of gestational age who exhibited symptoms or had a suspicion of exposure to any confirmed coronavirus disease-2019 individual. They were screened for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection using polymerase chain reaction or serology. Those who tested negative were designated as control group A, while who had a positive serology result along with a negative polymerase chain reaction were taken as recovered case group B1, and those who tested positive for polymerase chain reaction were called the positive case group B2. Groups B1 and B2 were followed up till delivery. The clinical presentation of coronavirus disease-2019 infection in pregnancy and its obstetrical and neonatal outcomes was assessed. Products of conception were tested for the detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 genome. The viral genome from group B2 cases was sequenced to confirm vertical transmission. Data was analysed using GraphPad Prism V8.
Results: Of the 139 pregnant women, 74(53.2%) were in group A with mean age 25.87±6.90 years, 49(35.3%) were in group B1 with mean age 25.53±7.02 years, and 16(11.5%) were in group B2 with mean age 27.12±5.03 years. The gestational age at which termination of pregnancy occurred was 38.3±1.26 weeks in group B1 and 38.3±1.85 weeks for group B2. There were 96 neonates across the 3 groups. Of the 11(11.45%) neonates in group B2, 1(9.09%) had postnatal transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 and this mother-neonate case was taken as the Indexed case. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 genome isolated from the neonate showed similar mutations as the viral strain infecting the mother.
Conclusion: The risk of vertical transmission was found to be low. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 genome was the same for both the mother and the neonate.
Key Words: SARS-CoV-2, vertical transmission, pregnancy, COVID-19, Pakistan
The Forecasting of Transportation of People by Rail in Poland for 2024 in Terms of Economic Security in the Republic of Poland
Authors: Kozicki Bartosz , Lubiewski Paweł , Błaszczak Bartosz , Zámek David
Published: February 2024

The multidimensional comparative analyzes of transportation of people by rail were used in the article. The time series was analyzed and evaluated in order to detect the following phenomena: trend, seasonality and random factor. The initial time series was divided into parts in order to remove data that, due to the impact of a random phenomenon such as the COVID-19 pandemic, lost trends visible in the past (from January 2012 to December 2019). The Winters’ exponential smoothing method was used for the forecasting. The obtained forecast for 2024 is 390 380 000 passengers transported by rail in Poland. The mean absolute forecast error is 2,18.
Pengaruh Content Marketing, Live Streaming dan Flash Sale terhadap Impulse Buying pada Pengguna Aplikasi Tiktok Shop di Surabaya: Studi pada Pengguna Tahun 2022-2023
Authors: Kurniawan Rafika Athiyah , Nugroho Rusdi Hidayat
Published: February 2024

The presence of the internet is necessary for businesses, which makes it an important platform for modern sales and marketing. TikTok is often an efficient social media platform for online marketing. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of content marketing, live streaming, flash sales on impulse buying in TikTok Shop application users in Surabaya. The type of research used is quantitative research. The population in this study were all TikTok Shop application users in 2022 to 2023 who live in Surabaya using a sample of 200 respondents. The sampling method used is non probability sampling and the sampling technique is purposive sampling. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to analyze the data tested with SPSS version 25.  The results of this study state that content marketing, live streaming, and flash sales have a significant effect on impulse buying. Content marketing, live streaming, and flash sale variables are valid and reliable variables. Simultaneously, the variables of content marketing, live streaming and flash have a positive and significant effect on impulse buying. Partially, content marketing and flash variables have a positive and significant effect on impulse buying. While the flash sale variable has no effect on impulse buying
Pengaruh Current Ratio (CR), Debt To Asset Ratio (DAR) dan Return On Equity (ROE) terhadap Price To Book Value (PBV) pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Makanan dan Minuman yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2018-2022
Authors: Rita Satria  , Raha Dhita Prawita Sari
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Current Ratio (CR), Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR) and Return on Equity (ROE) on the Price to Book Value (PBV) in food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018-2022 partially or simultaneously. The population in this study was 40 (forty) food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies. The number of samples that meet the criteria is 11 (eleven) companies with 5 years of observation. This research method is quantitative. The results of this research show that partially the Current Ratio (CR) variable has no significant effect on the Price to Book Value (PBV), the Debt to Asset (DAR) variable partially has a significant negative effect on the Price to Book Value (PBV), Return on Equity ( ROE) partially has a significant effect on Price to Book Value (PBV). Current Ratio (CR), Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR) and Return on Equity (ROE) simultaneously have a significant effect on the Price to Book Value (PBV).
Analisis Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah Berdasarkan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah: Studi Kasus Pada Toko Utama Shoes
Authors: Aprilia Hidayati  , Amaliah Tri Handayani , Amir Lukum
Published: February 2024

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have an important role in driving the Indonesian economy. However, many MSMEs experience difficulties in preparing financial reports. To overcome this problem, the Indonesian Accounting Association (IAI) issued Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM). The purpose of this research is to find out how financial reports are prepared based on SAK EMKM at the Main Shoes Store. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods using primary data obtained through observation, interviews and documentation. The research results show that Toko Utama Shoes has not implemented SAK EMKM in preparing its financial reports. Limited human resources and poor understanding of SAK EMKM are the main obstacles in preparing financial reports based on SAK EMKM. This results in a lack of adequate information regarding operations and business profits. Therefore, researchers are trying to help Toko Utama Shoes to design and present financial reports based on SAK EMKM in accordance with theories and information related to the accounting cycle.
Pengaruh Bauran Pemasaran Terhadap Minat Berkunjung Kembali Ke Romokalisari Adventure Land Surabaya
Authors: Adistya Pramudyana  , Budi Prabowo
Published: February 2024

This research aims to determine and analyze the influence of the marketing mix on the intention to revisit Romokalisari Adventure Land Surabaya, both simultaneously and partially. This study uses independent variables (X), namely "Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process, and Physical evidence," and the dependent variable (Y), which is the Intention to Revisit. The research employs an associative quantitative method with purposive sampling technique, involving 100 respondents who visited Romokalisari Adventure Land Surabaya. Data collection is done through a questionnaire. Instrument testing includes validity and reliability tests, and the results indicate that the entire instrument is valid and reliable. The data analysis technique involves multiple linear regression, classic assumption tests, F-test, and t-test. The results of this study show that, partially, "Product, Price, Promotion, People, and Physical evidence" have a significant and positive influence, while Place and Process variables do not significantly affect the intention to revisit Romokalisari Adventure Land Surabaya. Simultaneously, "Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process, and Physical Evidence" collectively have a significant and positive influence of 74.9% on the intention to revisit Romokalisari Adventure Land Surabaya.
Membangun Spiritualitas Kristiani Posmodern melalui Analogi Pembebasan Israel dari Mesir
Authors: Waoma Ken Jacks Gunawan , Rusmiyanto Andreas Danang
Published: February 2024

This article examines the event of Israel's liberation from Egypt as a typology of the work of the Messiah and reflects it for Christian spirituality in the current post-postmodern era. This research investigates the parallels between the story of Israel's liberation and the teachings about the Messiah, highlighting symbolic meanings that can be applied analogically in the context of postmodern Christian life. This research uses descriptive and interpretative analysis methods with a hermeneutic approach. The typology of messianic work shown by the narrative of Israel's liberation from Egypt can become the foundation of Christian spirituality in the postmodern era.

Abstrak

Artikel ini mengkaji peristiwa pembebasan Israel dari Mesir sebagai tipologi karya Mesias dan merefleksikannya bagi spiritualitas kristiani di era posposmodern saat ini. Penelitian ini menyelidiki paralel antara kisah pembebasan Israel dan ajaran tentang Mesias, menyoroti makna simbolis yang dapat diaplikasikan secara analogis dalam konteks kehidupan Kristen posposmodern. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan interpretatif dengan pendekataan hermeneutik. Tipologi karya mesias yang ditunjukkan oleh narasi pembebasan Israel dari Mesir dapat menjadi fondasi spiritualitas kekristenan di era posmodern.
Agama dan Diskriminasi Sosial: Sebuah Refleksi Teologis Narasi Petrus dan Kornelius dalam Kisah Para Rasul 10 melalui Lensa Pentakostalisme
Authors: Siahaan Harls Evan Riant , Baruno Yosep Heristyo Endro
Published: February 2024

Ketegangan sosial yang diakibatkan oleh agama telah menjadi problematika yang mengglobal akhir-akhir ini. Sekalipun pada hakikatnya agama memiliki nilai-nilai yang luhur dalam kehidupan namun tidak sedikit konflik dan kekerasan terjadi mengatasnamakan agama. Artikel ini memperlihatkan realitas beragama, bahkan oleh agamawan, yang masih mempraktikkan sikap diskriminatif terhadap perbedaan, melalui narasi Petrus dan Kornelius dalam Kisah Para Rasul 10. Tujuannya, melalui pembacaan narasi tersebut teologi dapat merefleksikan konstruksi beragama yang mereduksi sikap diskriminasi. Dengan menggunakan metode analisis naratif konstruktif atas Kisah Para Rasul 10, diperlihatkan bagaimana Roh Kudus yang berkarya dalam kelahiran gereja merengkuh segala perbedaan yang paling hakiki. Ini berarti gereja yang lahir dalam peristiwa Pentakosta harus memperlihatkan spiritualitas yang anti-diskriminasi.
Dampak Implementasi Mereka Belajar Kampus Merdeka Terhadap Keterampilan Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Alwashliyah
Authors: Harahap Yenni Novita , Siswadi Siswadi
Published: February 2024

In the era of society 5.0, skills are the most important value for a person, because skills can help them develop themselves holistically, prepare them for the world of work, and enable them to contribute positively to society. Implementing MBKM in learning is expected to meet the needs of graduates who are ready to face the world of work. By implementing MBKM, it means giving students the freedom to design collaborative projects and choose their own learning partners, MBKM facilitates innovation and co-creation. This research is a quantitative research that collects data through questionnaires and interviews. The highest increase was in independent learning skills, namely an increase of 45.3% and the smallest increase was in critical thinking skills, namely 37.3%. But basically every skill has improved. Skill improvement has an average of 41.8%. Thus, MBKM-based learning is expected to provide greater opportunities for students to take control of their own learning, develop their interests and talents, and better prepare themselves for future challenge.
Legal Framework and Empirical Analysis of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan's Role in Safeguarding Workers' Rights in North Sumatra Province
Authors: Wibisana Panji , Isnaini Isnaini , Ramadhan Citra
Published: February 2024

This research explores the role of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Sumbagut Regional Office in protecting workers' rights through the Employment Social Security Program in North Sumatra Province. The research method used is normative-empirical legal research with descriptive analysis, using a juridical-empirical approach. Primary and secondary data are analyzed to identify legal rules governing BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. The results showed that the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Sumbagut Regional Office is important in protecting workers' rights, especially through the Employment Social Security Program (Jamsostek). This role is strengthened through collaboration with stakeholders in North Sumatra Province, aimed at educating workers about their rights and benefits as program participants. The importance of this role also depends on the positive contribution of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan internally, including its Branch Offices, by their respective duties, principles, and functions. The conclusion of this study confirms that the effectiveness of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in protecting workers' rights in North Sumatra Province is strongly influenced by close cooperation with stakeholders and positive internal contributions. This research provides in-depth insight into efforts to protect workers' rights through employment social security policies at the regional level.
Effect of Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Cost of Debt of Listed Consumer Goods Companies in Nigeria
Authors: Atagher Fater , Iorlaha Michael
Published: February 2024

This study examined effect of corporate governance mechanisms on cost of debt of listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the effect of board size, board gender diversity, board independence, board meeting and audit committee size on cost of debt. Ex-post facto design was employed as data were extracted from published audited annual financial reports of 16 sampled listed consumer goods companies on the Nigerian Exchange Group for a period of ten (10) years covering 2012-2021. The data collected were processed and subjected to series of tests to ascertain the data validity and reliability for analysis; these include; correlational test, variance inflation factor and normality test. Regression post estimation was conducted using heteroskedasticity test. Panel data analysis was employed and multiple regression analysis was conducted and the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model was found most appropriate to test the formulated hypotheses. The study found that Board side (BS) has significantly reduces cost of debt; board gender diversity (BD) insignificantly increase cost of debt; board meeting (BI) significantly reduces cost of debt; board meeting (BM) significantly reduces cost of debt and audit committee size (ACS) significantly reduces cost of debt of consumer goods companies listed on the NGX Group. Therefore, the study recommends amongst others that the board should comprise more experienced directors with widely varied experience in all aspects of the business. Specifically, the board should be made up more directors with sufficient level of financial literacy and professionalism which they will come to bear in ensuring that finances derived from either debt or equity sources are rightly managed.
Standardized testing and effective instruction : Teacher perceptions on how high stakes testing affects instructional practive
Authors: WEİCK Nathan Z. , SHAUGHNESSY Michael
Published: February 2024

High stakes, standardized testing has become the primary means of measuring student achievement, teacher quality, and school accountability. Significant classroom time, and instructional effort, is allocated to ready students for these high stakes tests. It is primarily teachers who bear the serious, weighted responsibility of preparing students for these tests. This paper seeks to understand, and identify, whether, and to what degree, the pressures of high stakes, standardized testing have impacted the manner in which teachers’ approach, and apply, classroom instruction. Centering individual teachers’ experiences, the study is informed, and contextualized, by the following foundational question; what are teachers’ perceptions of how standardized testing has affected their preferred instructional practices
Efficacy of Contrast Medium-assisted Imaging in Diagnosing Cracked Tooth
Authors: Md Pisar Nur Alyani , Che Mohd Zain Nur Adlin , Mohamed Zohdi Noorharliana , Mohd Yusof Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera , Ishak Hayati
Published: February 2024

Introduction: This experimental study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of contrast medium-aided intraoral periapical radiographic imaging in the detection of cracked teeth and to determine optimal in-vitro compression force for crack detection. Methods: 27 extracted human lower premolar teeth were randomly divided into two groups: the control group, which was imaged using the conventional radiography and the experimental group which was imaged using a contrast medium (Iopamidol®). Both group were examined by transillumination to confirm the presence of a crack prior to imaging. A compression test using a Universal Testing Machine was used to induce the crack. Two dental clinicians blinded to the imaging technique evaluated the images and determined the presence or absence of cracks. Results: The force needed to produce a superficial crack ranges from 200N to 500N with a median compression force of 400N. The range of force to produce partial crack was 200N to 550N with the median force slightly higher than superficial crack which is 435N. The force to produce dentinal fracture ranges from 300N to 1100N with the highest median of 525N. The results showed that there were no visible cracks were detected in IOPA with/without contrast medium. Conclusions: The study did not find contrast-enhance IOPA to be effective in detecting cracks, but the study did establish the optimal median compression force values for inducing cracks which is between 400N to 525N. IOPA with contrast medium is not an effective diagnostic tool for cracked teeth compared to transillumination.
"Husserl e a ideia da filosofia" de Paul Landsberg
Authors: Carvalho Guilherme Felipe
Published: February 2024

Tradução de um artigo do discípulo de Husserl, Paul Landsberg, publicado em 1939, onde o autor tece algumas considerações sobre a ideia que Husserl tinha da filosofia.
Os círculos que jamais se fecham:
Authors: Guimarães Deborah Moreira
Published: February 2024

Resenha do livro:

CASANOVA, Marco. Mundo e historicidade: leituras fenomenológicas de Ser e tempo – volume 3: uma estranha introdução. 1.ed. Rio de Janeiro: Via Verita, 2023.
Releitura fenomenológica de Hegel e Husserl sobre a consciência
Authors: Chiaradia Ricardo
Published: February 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo investigar quais as diferenças epistêmicas entre a Fenomenologia do Espírito de Hegel e a Fenomenologia Pura de Husserl, possibilitando um comparativo de qual a relação entre a consciência de Deus nas possibilidades fenomenológicas. Inicialmente, o artigo se constitui pelos conceitos relacionados hegelianamente, que compõem a dimensão teológica de Hegel, realizando aprofundamento no modo como a consciência religiosa se presentifica e é vivida. Consequentemente, é abordado quais as questões essenciais que constituem a plataforma da fenomenologia pura, como um ponto de partida apresentasse a intencionalidade e a epoché. Como conclusão, nota-se que o que constitui desvio significativo em cada fenomenologia é em Hegel o conceito de Deus e em Husserl o conceito de intencionalidade.