bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Smartphone-Based Assessment of Hearing Impairment among Students of a Medical College, Delhi, India- A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mogan KA , Tiwari Poornima , Joseph Blessy , Katia Aabhas , Kumar Ayush , Chugh Ankush
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

The burden of hearing impairment in India is substantially high, largely preventable, and avoidable. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hearing impairment using a smartphone-based tool among medical students and to study the factors associated, including personal audio device usage in a medical college hospital in Delhi, India.

Material and Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study among undergraduate medical students. The study participants were enrolled via. Stratified random sampling. We assessed hearing impairment via—HearWHO application with scores ranging from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 100 with categorization into i) above 75 ii) 50-75 iii) below 50. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

A total of 96 study participants were included, with the mean age of study participants as 20.3±1.4 years. On assessment with HearWHO, 36 (37.5%) were in the category of score above 75, 51 (53.1%) in score category 50-75, and 9 (9.4%) in score below 50. The overall mean score of the hearing assessment was 68.9±13.4 (Range: 12 to 94). Among the earphone device users, 27.1% do not comply with volume alerts on user devices.

Conclusion:

Among the study population, 9.4% of the study participants were likely to be having hearing loss and 53.1% should be screened regularly for hearing impairment. Addressing hearing loss remains crucial among the young population, especially the medical professionals, which is feasible and imperative in the current scenario.
Family Adoption Programme for Medical Undergraduates in India – The Way Ahead: A Qualitative Exploration of Stakeholders’ Perceptions
Authors: Yalamanchili Vijay K. , Uthakalla Vijaya K. , Naidana Sarathy P. , Kalapala Abhilash , Venkata Prasanna K. , Yendapu Rajasekhar
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Community engagement in medical education gives the students an insight into the living conditions of the public and how they influence their health. Community Medicine departments accomplish this through field practice and family health studies. The Family Adoption Programme, newly mandated for all medical undergraduate students, brings its own set of challenges and opportunities. The study aims to understand the perceptions of various stakeholders regarding this program.

Material and Methods:

A qualitative exploratory study was conducted. The faculty, undergraduate and postgraduate students, and field workers were purposively invited to participate. Thematic analysis was done on qualitative inputs obtained by Key Informant Interviews and Focussed Group Discussions.

Results:

The participants felt that FAP will provide a good insight into the patient’s living conditions and also motivate the students for the kind of career they have to prepare for. The major challenges were the lack of transport and logistics in government colleges and the faculty shortage in private colleges. There was a difference of opinion regarding the right time to initiate the student into FAP. Gaining the trust and cooperation of the family and reducing the expectations were also felt important. While more field involvement by faculty was advocated, increased workload and reduced faculty requirement specifications were a matter of concern.

Conclusion:

While there was mixed response regarding the utility and long-term sustainability of FAP, it was hoped that with proper motivation and supervision, this program can create a significant difference in medical education and also the lives of adopted families.
Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate-Receptor Encephalitis Following Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis – Presenting as a Pediatric Patient with Abnormal Movements and Psychiatric Manifestation
Authors: Kolla Sravani , Balleda Lokeswari , Thimmapuram Chandrasekhara Reddy
Published: February 2023

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis remains one of the more severe forms of childhood encephalitis. The clinical course of HSV encephalitis is usually monophasic but occasionally complicated by a clinical relapse, causing biphasic illness. Sometimes relapse may be due to secondary immune mechanisms. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is an example of immune-mediated relapse following herpes encephalitis. This is still underrecognized, with probable grave consequences if not treated early. Our index case was an 8-year-old male child with severe generalized choreoathetosis and behavioral disturbances, presented 4 weeks after documented HSV encephalitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was positive for anti-NMDA receptor antibodies. The diagnosis was confirmed and treated with intravenous (IV) immunoglobulins (2 g/kg) and IV pulse-dose methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg) for 5 days. Other supportive management included tablet revocon 25 mg (tetrabenazine) ¼ tablet BD, clonazepam 0.25 mg one tablet BD, and syrup sizodon (risperidone) 0.5 mg BD. The patient is on regular follow-up and is recovering well but slowly. Patients with relapsing symptoms following HSV encephalitis or prolonged atypical symptoms, with repeat CSF-negative polymerase chain reaction for HSV should routinely be tested for NMDA receptor immunoglobulin G antibodies in CSF and/or serum. It is important to be aware of this differential diagnosis because patients respond well to immunotherapy.
Acute Bilateral Retrobulbar Optic Neuritis Revealing Sphenoethmoidal Sinus Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Authors: Soukaina Belfaiza , Chatain Marion , Fatiha Benjelloul
Published: February 2023

Primary sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma is a rare tumor of extreme malignancy. The diagnosis is often made at an advanced stage. The most recently documented treatment for nonmetastatic paranasal sinus neuroendocrine carcinoma consists of chemotherapy (cisplatin-VP16) followed by radiotherapy. Surgery is reserved for resectable tumors that do not respond well to chemotherapy. We report the case of a patient admitted for acute bilateral Retrobulbular optic neuropathy (RBON) revealing a sphenoethmoidal sinus neuroendocrine carcinoma.
Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Gram-negative Bacilli Isolated from Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Atray Divya , Sheethal S.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are one of the most frequent infections seen in humans. Bacterial etiology of these infections is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. The emergence of drug resistance among bacteria is increasing throughout the world causing more severe infections because of their continuous mutation and multidrug resistance nature.

Objectives:

This study was focused on obtaining a comprehensive insight into the Gram-negative bacillary profile of LRTIs, their prevalence, and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted for a duration of 6 months. Samples were obtained from patients of all ages and both sexes presenting with symptomatology suggestive of LRTIs. Following conventional culture, the isolated organisms were identified by various preliminary identification methods and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing of Gram-negative isolates was performed by standard methods as recommended by CLSI 2019.

Results:

Out of the 1724 LRT specimens evaluated, 307 (17.80%) were culture positive. Our study showed that Gram-negative bacilli are the predominant cause (97.70%) of LRTIs with Klebsiella pneumoniae (42%) as the major pathogen followed by Escherichia coli (31.66%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25.33%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (1%). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production was detected in 3.33% and metallo-beta-lactamase in 2% of the total GNB pathogens.

Conclusion:

For effective management of LRTIs, an ultimate and detailed bacteriological diagnosis along with antimicrobial susceptibility testing is required to overcome the global problem of antibiotic resistance.
Osteoblastoma of the Cervical Spine
Authors: Aravind S , Vellara Jim F. , Krishnan Arjun , Paul Amal Antony
Published: February 2023

A 15-year-old female presented with left-sided neck and shoulder pain for the past 1 year. Computed tomography scan and contrast magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass lesion at the C7 level suggestive of osteoblastoma. Tumor resection was performed along with posterior stabilization. At 1-year follow-up, the patient had no restrictions on daily activities, and to date, there has been no evidence of recurrence. In case of neck pain, which is persistent and accompanied by stiffness, deformity, or neurological deficit, especially in young adults, osteoblastoma of the cervical spine may be considered one of the differential diagnoses.
Assessment of Anxiety Associated with the Dental Treatments on the Quality of Life
Authors: Thakur Sneha , Kadam Harshawardhan , Jha Soumya , Lall Anooja , Kondreddy Kameswari , Singh Arundhati
Published: February 2023

Background:

Patients around the world when attending the dental clinic are prone to undergo the feelings of fear and anxiety. This may impact the dental follow-up and prognosis.

Aim:

The aim of the study is to evaluate the dental anxiety in the patients attending for the dental treatment in a college, in India.

Materials and Methods:

A sample of 500 adults with ages 15–60 years was considered for the study. Modified dental anxiety questionnaire was used in the present study to assess the anxiety faced by the patients attending for the dental treatment. ANOVA and Chi-square test were used to test for the significance between the variables, and the correlation between these variables was assessed using the Spearman's correlation. Likert scale was used to know the cutoff for the severity of the dental anxiety.

Results:

Only in the 4% of the participants in the present study had dental anxiety. Gender, age, financial status, education impacted the dental anxiety and the regularity toward the appointments.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded from our study that there was a low anxiety in the dental patients toward the dental treatment and also anxiety decreased with the age. However, regular dental visits are advised to prevent the overall impact of the oral health on the general health.
Cardiovascular Complications and its Impact on outcomes in COVID-19
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Tiwari Kaousthubh , Pendyala Siva Kumar , Jaiswal Ratnesh Kumar , Chacko Neelathil Lisa , Srivastava Ekta , Tiwari Rahul V. C.
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

The viral infection COVID-19 is highly infectious and has claimed many lives till date and is still continuing to consume lives. In the COVID-19, along with pulmonary symptoms, cardiovascular (CV) events were also recorded that have known to significantly contribute to the mortality. In our study, we designed and validated a new risk score that can predict CV events, and also evaluated the effect of these complications on the prognosis in COVID-19 patients.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective, multicenter, observational study was done among 1000 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients between June 2020 and December 2020. All the data of the clinical and laboratory parameters were collected. Patients were randomly divided into two groups for testing and validating the hypothesis. The identification of the independent risk factors was done by the logistic regression analysis method.

Results:

Of all the types of the clinical and laboratory parameters, ten “independent risk factors” were identified associated with CV events in Group A: male gender, older age, chronic heart disease, cough, lymphocyte count <1.1 × 109/L at admission, blood urea nitrogen >7 mmol/L at admission, estimated glomerular filtration rate <90 ml/min/1.73 m2 at admission, activated partial thromboplastin time >37 S, D-dimer, and procalcitonin >0.5 mg/L. In our study, we found that CV events were significantly related with inferior prognosis (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

A new risk scoring system was designed in our study, which may be used as a predictive tool for CV complications among the patients with COVID-19 infection.
Nonextraction Correction of Class II Malocclusion by Pendulum Appliance
Authors: Jadhav Pallavi Jeetesh , Sonawane Shivprasad Vasant , Mahajan Nikhil , Chavan Bhushan Gorakh , Mahale Priyanka R. , Pawar Rakesh Ashok
Published: February 2023

A 13-year-old female patient, presented with the chief complaint of forwardly placed upper front teeth. On examination and analysis of relevant records, she was diagnosed as an Angle's Class II malocclusion on a skeletal Class I base. It was decided to treat the patient with a nonextraction treatment approach with the help of maxillary molar distalization followed by fixed mechanotherapy.
Assessment of Anatomical Variations of Mandibular Canal Depicted in Panoramic Radiography
Authors: Thakur Nidhi , Kumar Amish , Singh Pinky , Gopalakrishnan Dipti , Mishra Bibhu Prasad , Jha Mrigank Shekhar
Published: February 2023

Background:

Anatomical variations of the mandibular canal play a vital role while performing surgical procedures affecting an area with mandibular canal course in the mandible. The neurovascular bundle may be severed during surgical procedures carried out mandible.

Aims and Objectives:

The present retrospective study was aimed to assess and evaluate the mandibular canal and its variations on the panoramic radiography.

Materials and Methods:

The study included 88 randomly selected panoramic radiographs with complete mandible and associated bone. On a panoramic radiograph, the following parameters were assessed including bifid mandibular canal and location of bifurcation, the diameter of the mandibular canal as recorded in the first molar region, trabeculation in submandibular gland fossa, anterior loop measurement, direction and diameter of the bifid mandibular canal were all evaluated. Statistical analysis was done.

Results:

In 51 hemimandibles, the mandibular canal was found to be corticalized, whereas in 21.59% (n = 19), the mandibular canal was visible. In the remaining 20.45% (n = 18) of the study participants, the mandibular canal was not visualized. In the submandibular gland fossa region, diminished trabeculation was seen in 55.68% of the evaluated radiographs, whereas trabeculation was not seen at all in the remaining 23.86% of the subjects. A significant correlation was seen in decreased trabeculation of submandibular gland fossa and absence of the mandibular canal (P value < 0.001). The bifid mandibular canal was seen in 19.31% of the study participants (n = 17) with a mean width of 3.12 ± 1.1 mm. Extension of the anterior loop of the mental nerve was seen as up to 2 mm in majority participants in 67.04% individuals (n = 59).

Conclusion:

The present study suggests that panoramic radiographs are a reliable tool for assessment of the mandibular canal and associated anatomical variations associated with it.
Evaluation of the Orofacial Features in the Victims of Abuse and Neglect of 5–16-Year-old Age Children
Authors: Barbi Wagisha , Sonawane Ravindra S. , Singh Pinky , Kumar Saurav , Kumar Boddupally Ravi , Arora Aafreen
Published: February 2023

Background:

Oral cavity may be considered a pivotal focal point in physical assault or abuse because of its implication in communication and nutrition. Dentists trained in a child abuse curriculum can provide valuable information and assistance to physicians about oral and dental aspects of child abuse and neglect. The present study was conducted to evaluate the orofacial features of children between the age group of 5–16 years suspected to be victims of child abuse/neglect.

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted on 250 children ranging between 5 and 16 years were enrolled in the study. All the participants were suspected to be victims of child abuse/neglect. The orofacial features were carefully examined by a well-trained dentist.

Results:

Two hundred and fifty children were enrolled in the study. Seventy-two children (30%) presented with laceration of various sites including lip (n = 13), frenum (n = 8), buccal mucosa (n = 26), palate (n = 16), and floor of the mouth (n = 9). Twenty-nine participants exhibited the features of avulsion (11.6%). Eighteen children revealed dento-alveolar fractures, 104 presented with dental caries (41.6%), 19 presented with missing teeth (7.6%), all the candidates presented with deposits (100%).

Conclusion:

Careful intraoral and perioral examination of the participants victimized to abuse and/neglect is necessary as the oral cavity is a central focus for physical abuse, which may be allied to its importance in communication and nutrition. Physicians and dentists should work together to increase the prevention, detection, and treatment of these conditions.
Artificial Saliva for Therapeutic Management of Xerostomia
Authors: Alhejoury Hajer Ayed , Mogharbel Lina Fouad , Al-Qadhi Mohammed Ahmed , Shamlan Suzan Sulaiman , Alturki Amal Fuad , Babatin Wafaa Mohammed , Mohammed Alaishan Renad Abdualrahman , Pullishery Fawaz
Published: February 2023

In clinical practice, xerostomia or oral dryness is a chronic disease condition encountered by most dentists and dental hygienists, which often causes a negative impact on the oral health-related quality of life of the affected individual. Xerostomia is caused due to salivary gland dysfunction. It is related to reduced salivary secretion or the absence of saliva flow, more frequently, exhibits qualitative changes in saliva proteins and immunoglobulin concentrations that arise due to salivary gland dysfunction. This condition causes discomfort and interferes with normal oral activities, and affected individuals are at high caries risk. There are several options for treatment and symptom management: salivary stimulants, topical agents, saliva substitutes, and systemic sialogogues. This review explores the current status of therapeutic management of patients affected by xerostomia and hyposalivation using artificial saliva.
Hydrogels and Their Role in Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Nallusamy Jaisanghar , Das Raunak Kumar
Published: February 2023

An increasing incidence of the bone damage either due to trauma or a wide range of diseases related to bone necessitates the advent of new technologies or modification of the existing pattern of treatment to deliver utmost care to an individual thereby helping them to lead a normal and healthy life. Revolutionary changes in the field of tissue engineering (TE) pave a way from repair to regeneration of human tissues and restoring the health of an individual. Among the numerous biomaterials available, hydrogel emerges as a promising source of scaffold material in the field of bone TE (BTE). This article presents an overview on hydrogels and their role in BTE.
Dental Diseases and Factors Defining Utilization of Dental Care Services among Rural Children Aged 12 Years in Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Vuyyuru Chandrasekhara Reddy , Rangari Rajeshree Narayan , Singaraju Gowri Sankar , Pottem Nagarjuna
Published: February 2023

Background:

Rural children are predisposed to variety of dental problems, which may influence their overall health and well-being. Despite relentless efforts and achievements in oral health promotion by authorities, its impact seems limited in rural areas of developing countries.

Aim:

To generate data on the prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis, among 12-year-old rural children of Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh and factors facilitating or impeding uptake of dental care services.

Methods:

A cross-sectional, house-to-house survey was conducted in Kavali revenue division of Nellore district by random selection. A cluster sampling methodology was followed, and a total of 169 adolescents were involved in the study. Dental caries detection was performed according to the World Health Organization dentition status criteria and gingivitis according to modified Community Periodontal Index as gingivitis present or absent. Descriptive statistics were calculated.

Results:

Overall prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis was 39% and 35%, respectively, with <15% utilization of oral health care services. The main hurdle for this notably low utilization of oral health care services was that dental issues were not fatal or life-threatening.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis was high and poor utilization of oral health services was an importunate finding in this study. Understanding the trends of common oral diseases and hurdles in uptake of oral health care services could provide a basis for further research and improvement in accessibility to oral health care services in rural areas of developing nations.
Evaluation of Frictional Forces Generated between Three Different Ligation Methods with Four Different Sizes of Orthodontic Archwires
Authors: Rathinasamy Ranganathan , Vannala Venkataramana , Mahabob Nazargi , Bhuvaneshwari S , Sam George , Ganapathy Aarthi
Published: February 2023

Aim:

This in vitro study was done to evaluate and compare the frictional forces produced by a passive self-ligating bracket (SLB) and two types of elastomeric ligatures (unconventional elastomeric ligatures [UELs] and conventional elastomeric ligatures [CELs]) on a conventional bracket used with four types of wires.

Materials:

In this in vitro study, 8 numbers of conventional preadjusted edgewise appliance stainless steel brackets and 4 numbers of passive SLBs were tested. Four types of archwires and two types of ligatures were tested. Brackets were divided into three groups – Group I, Group II, and Group III. All the three groups were further divided into four subgroups based on different archwires.

Methods:

Custom-made mounting jig was specially constructed for this study – upper member and lower member. After the samples were mounted, traction test was conducted using universal testing machine and readings were tabulated for all specimens. The variables in each group were subjected to one-way analysis of variance.

Results:

All the three groups were tested for its total friction, static friction, and kinetic friction. SLBs showed a static mean little lower and had kinetic mean little greater than conventional bracket with unconventional module.

Conclusion:

UELs on conventional brackets and SLBs are able to produce lower frictional force when compared with CELs on conventional brackets.
Assessment of Oral Health and Prevalence of oral Conditions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Subjects Visiting Antiretroviral Therapy Centers
Authors: Barbi Wagisha , Shalini Kumari , Kumari Anjali , Raaj Vaibhava , Gupta Hitesh , Gauniyal Preeti , Rangari Priyadarshini
Published: February 2023

Background:

Weakened immune system from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) makes the individual prone to various opportunistic infections which are life-threatening including various carcinomas and disorders affecting the neurological system.

Aims:

The present trial was done to assess the prevalence of oral presentations and treatment needs in AIDS/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects visiting antiretroviral therapy centers.

Materials and Methods:

The study included 126 subjects. Oral cavity was assessed and dentition, periodontal condition, and lesions and conditions affecting the oral mucosa were identified along with their treatment needs. The collected data were subjected to statistical evaluation and the results were formulated.

Results:

Candidiasis was seen in 25.39% (n = 32) of total subjects. Concerning the periodontal status of HIV-infected study population, it was seen that maximum attachment loss both in males and females was within the range of 0–3 mm. Regarding decayed, missing, and filled teeth scores, these were statistically significantly higher in males (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

The present study concluded that the majority of subjects infected with HIV present one or more oral presentation and lesion, with candidiasis being the most common condition.
Functional and Radiological Outcome in Distal Third Humerus Fracture Treated with Extra-articular Locking Plate
Authors: Gupta Ashis Kumar , Samal Barada Prasanna , Dalei Tushar Ranjan
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

The optimal method for fixation of extra-articular distal humerus fractures poses a management dilemma. Although various plate configurations have been proposed, anatomic shaped extra-articular distal humerus locking plates (EADHPs) have emerged as a viable solution for these complex injuries. We assessed functional and radiologic outcomes in our retrospective case series of extra-articular distal humerus fractures managed with these plates at different centers in Cuttack, Odisha.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and ten patients of extra-articular distal humerus fractures, who were operated at various trauma centers between January 2012 and December 2020, were identified. After exclusion, 100 patients were available for the final assessment. All patients were operated with the triceps-reflecting modified posterior approach. Regular functional–radiologic follow-up was done evaluating elbow functionality, fracture union, secondary displacement, nonunion, implant failure, and any complications; Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) was used for the final functional assessment.

Results:

Sixty-seven percent of male and 33% of female patients constituted the study group, who had an average follow-up of 18 months. Preoperatively three patients and postoperatively one patient had radial nerve palsy; all had neurapraxia and recovered completely. Overall, 95% of patients were adjudged to have complete radiological union within 3 months; 6% of patients developed nonunion. The mean flexion achieved was 123 + 22, and the mean extension was 4.031 + 6.50; five patients with head injury developed flexion deformity of 45. The average MEPS at the final follow-up was 91 + 9.8.

Conclusion:

Stable reconstruction and early initiation of physiotherapy are utilitarian to envision optimal outcome; the use of precontoured EADHPs has yielded satisfactory results with minimal complications in our hands.
Compound and Complex Odontomes
Authors: Sajesh S. , Edsor Effie , Nandagopan S. , Devi S. Sindhuja , Praveen Venkatesh , Chidambareswaran Swaminathan
Published: February 2023

Odontomas are the most commonly occurring odontogenic tumor, and earlier they were considered developmental anomaly as the morphodifferentiation of ameloblast does not occur in odontomas. Odontomas are considered hamartoma rather than true neoplasms as histologically they contain odontogenic tissues which are native to the oral cavity. These odontomas are usually asymptomatic and are revealed in radiographic examination but can also present with over-retained deciduous teeth and malocclusion and with other local complications such as infection. Etiology of odontomas is considered to be from genetic, local environmental, and systemic factors. Broadly based on their radiologic and clinical features, they are classified into two types: compound composite odontomas and complex composite odontomas. The odontomas which resemble teeth are called compound composite odontomas and which do not resemble teeth are called complex composite odontomas. Odontomas are called composite odontomas as they contain both epithelial and mesenchymal derivatives. Here, we report two cases of compound composite odontoma, and a case of complex composite odontoma with relevant review of literature.
Denture hygiene awareness, attitude and practice among complete denture wearers during COVID-19 lockdown Pandemic
Authors: Dwivedi Hemlata , Paul Nirupam , Banerjee Kankana Lahiri , Singh Shivani , Jain Reeta , Kumar Surender
Published: February 2023

Objective:

To determine the denture hygiene habits in complete denture wearers during Covid-19 lockdown in Assam state.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, a self-administered structured questionnaire was developed to know the attitude of the patients regarding denture hygiene. The study sample consisted of 150 subjects, which included 63 (42%) males and 87 (58%) females.

Results:

50.7% of individuals said that they have knowledge about denture cleansing methods, while only 40% individuals clean their dentures once daily. After education through an online survey, most individuals started practicing three times or at least two times. After educating two members in the same family, all subjects were cleaning either twice or thrice. All subjects were either using brushing or combination methods.

Conclusion:

Poor condition of complete dentures seen in the population is mainly due to lack of knowledge and irregular cleansing habits. Dentists must give proper instructions and do regular follow-up regarding maintenance of denture hygiene.
Effect of Intra-articular Injection of Corticosteroid in the Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee – A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kikkuri Rajeev Reddy , Kashyap Viveksheel , Upadhay Alka , Kumar Vaibhav , Reddy Karri Sandeep , Singhal Richa
Published: February 2023

Background:

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the peripheral joints is frequently related with physical disability and decline in health-related quality of life, deciphering into a significant burden on people and humankind. Although IA corticosteroid injections are being in clinical use, their long-term effects on knee OA are least studied and documented. Hence, the study was done with the aim of assessing the effect of intra-articular (IA) injection of corticosteroid in patients with OA of the knee.

Methods:

This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 6 months between 40 years and 75 years with Grade I and II OA of the knee admitted under the Department of Orthopaedics, Tertiary Care Hospital, Belgaum. Patients' affected knee was injected with 80 mg of triamcinolone after the examination, and follow-ups had done at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. The standard pro forma used were Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS).

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 58.96 ± 9.58, ranging from 40 to 75 years, with a slightly higher proportion of females. The proportion of Grade 1 and Grade II OA was 24% and 76%, respectively, and 54.7% had right-sided involvement. The difference between pre Rx: Pre intervention VAS score VAS score and follow-up periods at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months was statistically significant with respect to VAS scale, KOOS scale, and WOMAC scale (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

there was no major adverse effect of corticosteroid injections, and it showed significant improvement in patients. There is a need to conduct large-scale well-controlled clinical trials with an appropriate control group, to be able to document the relative efficacy and safety of IA steroid injection.
Caries Risk Assessment among School Going Young Adolescents in Sullia Taluk-Dakshina Kannada
Authors: Jagan P. , Karthikeyan Radhakrishnan , Bharathan Rajendran , Srihari N. C. , Niranjana Arumugasamy , Suresh Minu
Published: February 2023

Background:

Dental caries continue to be one among the major problems related to oral health in developing countries, that affects 60%–90% of school-aged children and adults. According to the WHO Global oral data bank in 2009 the point prevalence was 54% among 12 years old. Studies on prevalence conducted in Dakshina Kannada district reported a caries prevalence ranging from 32.8% to 82.6%. This study was undertaken to assess the risk of among school-going young adolescents using the Cariogram model.

Subject and Methods:

A cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study was conducted among school-going young adolescents of Sullia taluk Dakshina Kannada for a period of 3 months (August–October) 2019. From a total of 20 schools, 3 schools were randomly selected and children satisfying inclusion/exclusion criteria were randomly drawn from these schools. Data on parameters of Cariogram model were collected on a specially designed pro forma consisting of four parts, namely Questionnaire, along with a clinical examination, the collection of saliva and microbiological analysis. Descriptive data were recorded and Fischer's Exact test was used to test the significance of the findings. P ≤ 0.05.

Results:

An analysis of the relative contribution of each cariogram parameter in relation to the caries experience revealed that diet content, frequency of diet, mutans count were statistically significant factors in determining caries risk (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the present study performed with cariogram in young adolescent school-going children revealed that diet content, frequency of diet, mutans count were statistically significant factors in determining caries risk and susceptibility factors were mainly responsible for the aforementioned experience of the school children.
Assessment of Effect of Different Sterilization Agents on Dimensional Accuracy of Different Impression Materials in Implant Prosthesis – An In vitro Study
Authors: Kavita Kumari , Reddy K. R. Parameshwar , Reddy K. R. Maheshwar , Kumar Swatantra , Pandey Gyanendra , Singh Revati
Published: February 2023

Aim:

Sterilization of impression materials is of paramount importance. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of different disinfectants on dimensional accuracy of elastomeric impression materials used for implant prosthesis and other routine treatments.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was conducted with polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) (regular body), PVS (medium body), PVS (heavy body), and polyether (medium body) impression materials. Glutaraldehyde (2%) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl, 0.525%) were the disinfectant solutions employed in the study. After 16 h, the specimens were measured under Leica WILD stereomicroscope and dimensions were compared with master die.

Results:

The dimensional change in the Controls, 2% glutaraldehyde (Group I), and 0.525% NaOCl (Group II) was non significant where as Group III and Group IV showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Results also showed significantly higher tear strength (newton/millimeter) in Control group followed by Group I and Group II.

Conclusion:

PVS (heavy body) was found to be most stable, and polyether was seen to be stable of all the impression materials.
Correlation of Pharyngeal Airway Dimensions with Maxillomandibular Skeletal Relation and Mandibular Morphology in Subjects with Skeletal Class I and Class II Malocclusions and Different Growth Patterns
Authors: Jadhav Pallavi Jeetesh , Sonawane Shivprasad Vasant , Mahajan Nikhil , Chavan Bhushan Gorakh , Korde Swapnil J. , Momin Naufil Mushtaque , Mahale Priyanka R.
Published: February 2023

Objectives:

To test the hypothesis that there is no positive correlation between skeletal Class II and mandibular morphology with pharyngeal dimensions in subjects with different growth patterns.

Materials and Methods:

Lateral cephalograms of 60 patients were collected and divided into 2 groups, comprising of 30 in each group. Group 1 consisted of cephalograms of patients having Class I malocclusion, and was further divided into subgroups. 1a) Class I with normal growth 1b) Class I with vertical growth. Group 2 consisted of cephalograms of patients having class II malocclusion and was further divided into subgroups 2a) Class II with normal growth, 2b) Class II with vertical growth.

Results:

The results showed that the estimated marginal mean for upper pharyngeal width in class I malocclusion group was 8.56 mm, for class II malocclusion group was 7.80 mm, for normal growth individuals was 9.73 mm and that for vertical growth individuals was 6.63 mm. The estimated marginal mean for lower pharyngeal width in class I malocclusion group was 9.62 mm, in class II malocclusion group was 9.10 mm, in normal growth individuals was 8.95 mm and that in vertical growth individuals was 9.77 mm. The estimated marginal mean for pharyngeal area in class I malocclusion group is 330.13 sq.mm, in class II malocclusion group is 308.17 sq.mm, in normal growth individuals is 328.47sq.mm and that in vertical growth individuals is 309.83 sq.mm.

Conclusions:

The null hypothesis for this study, as per the statistical analysis, has been rejected.
Morphometric Analysis of Mandibular Foramen in Saudi Children Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Madiraju Guna Shekhar , Mahabob Nazargi , Bello Sanusi Mohammad
Published: February 2023

Objectives:

This study evaluated the position of the mandibular foramen (MF) with regard to the occlusal plane (OP) and the anterior border (AB) of the mandibular ramus (AB) in a sample of 7–12-year-old Saudi children using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

Materials and Methods:

In this descriptive, observational study, 155 CBCT scans were selected and analyzed for positional changes in the MF. Reconstructed panoramic and axial sections were used to measure the MF-OP and MF-AB distances, respectively, on both the right and left sides of the mandible. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey's honest significant difference post hoc tests where applicable, at a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results:

The mean distance of MF from the AB of the ramus was 14.68 mm, with no significant differences between the genders (P > 0.05). The MF moved upward from a position below the OP to above it, according to age in both males and females, and the difference between the age groups was significant (P < 0.05). No significant differences (P < 0.05) in the mean values of distances between the right and left sides of the mandible were seen.

Conclusions:

The location of the MF varies with respect to age and should be considered while administering inferior alveolar nerve block in children to achieve a more effective anesthesia.
Assessment of Growth Factors with Three Different Platelet Preparations, Namely Platelet-Rich Fibrin, Platelet-Rich Plasma, and Lyophilized Platelet
Authors: Hariprasad R , Suganya TL , John Serin Sarah , Raj P Rajesh , kuriakose Feby , Anoop VN
Published: February 2023

Assessment of growth factors with three different platelet preparations namely platelet rich fibrin, platelet rich plasma and lyophilized platelet-An invitro study Abstract Enhancing wound healing with patients own blood, particularly the platelet preparations have gained more popularity recently. These platelets excrete large amount of growth factors and cytokines that are associated with the healing process and regeneration. Even though these platelet concentrates are widely used in various forms, the mechanism behind that remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims at investigating the levels of growth factors in three different platelet preparations namely platelet rich plasma (PRP), platelet rich fibrin (PRF) and lyophilized platelets. Materials and Methods Autologous blood for preparing the platelet preparations was obtained from healthy donors aged between 25 to 35 years. The samples were then divided into three experimental groups. The preparation of PRP was done with the addition of anticoagulant and the PRF is prepared without adding it. The platelet counts in the blood were analyzed and the growth factors were quantitatively measured using ELISA reader. The statistical analysis was performed by using the Chi square test. Results In the quantitative analysis of growth factors LPL showed significant increase of the liberation of growth factors compared to PRP and PRF. Conclusions With the various recent advances in technologies for preparing these platelet concentrates this can be widely used in clinical practice more accurate in the future.
Bone Regenerative Biomaterials in Periapical Surgery
Authors: Sumangali Ananad , Naik Amruta C. , Mohan Nimisha , Gautam Nivedita , Abrol Surbhi , Mustafa Mohammed , Tiwari Heena
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Successful treatment in the endodontics and periodontics depends on the periapical status. Hence, in the present meta-analysis, we evaluate the various bone regenerative materials in the periapical surgeries.

Materials and Methods:

Online data were collected from the search engines of EBSCO, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The searched terms were bone regenerative, bone grafts, bio materials, periapical surgery, and endodontic surgery. Based on the PRISMA guidelines, the meta-analysis was performed. The studies for the past 10 years were considered that included at least 10 patients. The translatable articles were included that had the human studies that were clinical studies and/or trials and also had the bone regenerative materials used in the procedure.

Results:

A total of 475 articles were selected, of which 30 were selected based on the criteria. Of these, after the removal of the 21 duplicate articles, 9 articles were finalized. The meta-analysis showed that when the bone graft materials are used along with the barriers for the regeneration, there were observed higher success rates.

Conclusions:

The bone regenerative materials can be used for the successful outcome for the periapical surgeries. The guided tissue regeneration along with the bone regenerative materials may aid in the good prognosis of the endodontic and periodontal cases.
The Effect of Beta-Alanine Supplementation on Reducing Blood Lactate Concentration and Improving Sports Performance
Authors: Mohammed Saiwan Sirwan , Rahimi Mohammed Rahman , Sayfaddin Dara Latif
Published: February 2023

Background and Objective:

Dietary supplements are a common strategy used by athletes and adults to improve physical function and recovery, and muscle mass. Beta-alanine (βA) is an inessential amino acid that can improve the performance of athletes. βA is one of the dietary supplements involved in delaying or reducing fatigue and is of interest to athletes, coaches, and sports scientists. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 4-week βA supplementation on soccer athletes' onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) in leg and chest press training volume and running time of 800 m.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 20 football athletes were randomly divided into two βA supplement and placebo groups. The supplement group (6.4 g of βA per day) and placebo group (6.4 g of starch per day) were eaten for 4 weeks after the briefing session and pretest on blood lactate concentration indices, leg and chest press volume training, and running time of 800 m. Functional evaluations and posttest blood samples were collected from the individuals on day 28.

Results:

The findings show that OBLA considerably rose right away following activity in both the supplement and placebo groups. It fell in both groups 15 min after activity, with the supplement group showing a significant difference (P ≥ 0.05). In either research group, as well as between pretest and posttest times, there was no statistically significant difference in the training volume of the chest press and leg press activity (P ≥ 0.05). There was a significant temporal interaction of 800 m between the supplement and placebo groups.

Conclusion:

Short-term βA supplementation reduced OBLA during the postexercise recovery period, while no effect on footballers' performance was observed in these tests.
Ethnobotanical Study of Wild Edible Plants in Pyuthan District
Authors: Patna Sangam , Parajulee Dipika , Subedi Ganesh , Giri Bhuwan
Published: February 2023

Objectives:

Wild edible plants (WEPs) are those plants that are not domesticated and often neglected but have nutritional and medicinal value and can be used as a good source of diet. The study discusses and depicts the availability of WEPs, their taxonomical categories, species richness, distribution, preference, and their threat in the Gaumukhi area.

Methodology:

Data were collected from 60 randomly selected WEP consumers of Puja and Khung village using a semi-structured interview schedule. The study showed that 37 different species of wild plants are frequently used by respondents. It was found that the majority of the WEPs used were trees followed by herbs and shrubs.

Results:

Regarding the plant parts used, most of the respondents (54%) use WEPs in the form of vegetables followed by raw fruits (28%) users. The study revealed that the majority of WEP's consumers (39%) were from other caste categories such as Giri, Puri, and Malla followed by Dalits (36%). Research indicated that most of the WEPs were collected from the forest area having an altitude of (1300–1500) masl. The major threat to WEPs was fuel wood collection followed by uncontrolled fire.

Conclusions:

Study preference of WEPs among the respondents showed that Polystichum squarrosum (Daude) was the highly preferred one followed by Diplazium esculentum (Neuro) and Dendrocalamus hamiltoni (Tama).
Rhinological procedures result in minimal generation of aerosols
Authors: Sanmark E , Oksanen L-M A H , Rantanen N , Virkkula P , Geneid A
Published: February 2023

Background: COVID-19 and other respiratory infections spread through aerosols produced in respiratory activities and in certain surgical procedures considered as aerosol-generating procedures (AGP). Due to manipulation of the upper airway mucosa, rhinosurgery has been considered a particular risk for spread of respiratory infections. Our aim was to assess staff exposure to aerosols during common rhinosurgical procedures Methods: Staff exposure to generated particle concentrations and size distributions between 0.3 μm and 10 μm were measured during rhinosurgery using an optical particle sizer without any additional collection methods. Similarly measured aerosol exposure during coughing (a commonly used risk reference for aerosol generation) and the operating room’s background concentration were chosen as reference values. Results: Altogether 16 common rhinological surgeries (septoplasties and endoscopic sinus surgery) were measured. The use of suction produced significantly lower aerosol concentration compared to coughing. Low aerosol generation was observed during injection anaesthesia of the nasal mucosa. Instrument comparison revealed that the microdebrider produced fewer aerosols than cold dissection in particles of 1-5 μm and >5 μm. Conclusions: Common rhinosurgeries do not seem to generate as high aerosol concentration exposures as previously believed. Rather, the observed aerosol exposure is lower or similar to exposures during coughing. Therefore, the classification of common rhinosurgeries as AGPs should be re-assessed or possibly discarded.
Effect of Epidural Block in the Incidence of Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Population-Based Matched-Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Jong-Yeop , Hong Jee-Young , Ko Inseok , Chang Minhye , In Chi-Bum
Published: February 2023

Background: Incidence of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) increases with age. Epidural block in patients with herpes zoster (HZ) is expected to decrease the risk of PHN. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of epidural block on PHN incidence in a population-based study.Methods: This was a retrospective matched cohort study and data were sourced from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. The study cohort comprised 427 patients diagnosed with HZ who received epidural block within 30 days after a diagnosis of HZ. The matched control cohort included 427 patients without epidural block and were randomly matched to the study cohort at a 1:1 ratio based on covariates such as sociodemographic factors. The log-rank test was used to assess differences in the incidence of PHN. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for subsequent PHN, while controlling for potential comorbidities.Results: Among the 854 sampled patients, 30 (7.03%) from the study cohort and 18 (4.22%) from the match-control developed PHN during follow-up. There were no significant differences in the incidence of PHN between the two cohorts (p=0.08). Cox proportional hazard regressions showed that the HR for PHN in patients with epidural block was 1.66 (95% confidence interval, 0.91–3.02; p=0.10).Conclusion: Our study indicates that epidural block did not effectively prevent PHN. However, further studies are needed to determine the effect of epidural block in patients with HZ for the prevention of PHN.