bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are Most Published Criminological Research Findings Wrong? Taking Stock of Criminological Research Using a Bayesian Simulation Approach
Authors: Niemeyer Richard E. , Proctor K. Ryan , Schwartz Joseph A. , Niemeyer Robert G.
Published: November 2022

This study uses Bayesian simulations to estimate the probability that published criminological research findings are wrong. Toward this end, we employ two equations originally popularized in John P.A. Ioannidis’ (in)famous article, “Why Most Published Research Findings are False.” Values for relevant parameters were determined using recent estimates for the field’s average level of statistical power, level of research bias, level of factionalization, and quality of theory. According to our simulations, there is a very high probability that most published criminological research findings are false-positives, and therefore wrong. Further, we demonstrate that the primary factor contributing to this problem is the poor quality of theory. Stated differently, even when the overall level of research bias is extremely low and overall statistical power is extremely high, we find that poor theory still results in a high rate of false positives. We conclude with suggestions for improving the validity of criminological research claims.
Modeling transitions in nation brand equity: An empirical assessment of the nation equity power grid
Authors: Juusola Katariina , Lahrech Abdelmounaim
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to assess longitudinal nation brand performance by modeling transitions in nation brand equity and to develop a method for nation brand performance assessment. This study has two objectives: (1) to empirically test Steenkamp’s nation equity power grid conceptual framework; its categories (dominant, receding, niche, emerging, and weak nation brands), and their expected development trajectories, and (2) to identify new types of nation brands and development patterns to complement the framework. To do this, this study used objective secondary data and applied the smooth transition technique. We assessed 41 countries’ nation brand performance over the 1995–2017 period to understand the development of their nation brand equity. Particular attention was paid to countries that had significantly improved their performance and countries that had lost their brand strength. Our findings support the categories proposed by Steenkamp, but we provide a more nuanced approach to analyzing countries’ brand strength and the possible development trajectories, and introduce new categories of nation brands called volatile nation brands and booming nation brands. Our approach to using the nonlinear smooth transition demonstrated how countries’ brand strength evolved over time, and also detected the speed of any transitions; in other words, how fast nation brands moved from one level to another. Our findings benefit country brand managers, enabling them to better determine their country’s positioning and the necessary means to improve brand equity. Understanding the mechanisms behind transitions in brand equity can also help researchers link these transitions back to various economic, social, cultural, and political transitions that have occurred in nations. Our method therefore has powerful explanatory value for a wide range of marketing, economics, and other social science studies.

JEL Classification:

M31
Impact of the Interlayer Scabbing on Asphalt Pavement Performance
Authors: Kwon Ohhoon , Greene James , Sholar Gregory A. , Moseley Howie
Published: November 2022

A full-scale experiment was conducted at the Florida Department of Transportation’s accelerated pavement testing (APT) facility to identify factors affecting the occurrence of interlayer scabbing and the impact of scabbing on pavement performances. Two experimental parameters—interlayer bonding condition of existing asphalt layers and milling thickness—were considered for the first objective. For the second objective, core specimens were obtained after the hot mix asphalt overlay on sections where scabbing was present and not present to compare their interlayer bonding strengths. In addition, APT was utilized to assess the rutting and cracking performance of the test sections. Test results indicated that the occurrence of scabbing is highly dependent on the interlayer bonding condition of the existing asphalt layers and milling depths. Once scabs form after milling, the scabs result in a weak or variable bond with the new overlay. Also, the accelerated loading using heavy vehicle simulator generated approximately 30% greater rut-depth and longitudinal cracks along the edge of the wheel path on the test sections with interlayer scabbing. In consideration of the reduced performance of the test sections with interlayer scabbing, the authors suggest preventing or removing the scabbing before the asphalt overlay.
Research on CFRP cutting mechanism by the micro-textured tool using macroscopic and microscopic numerical simulations
Authors: Cheng Yaotian , Zhang Xu , Lv Mingqiang , Xie Chaoyu
Published: November 2022

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) composites are the most widespread advanced composite materials. Still, machining with traditional tools quickly generates defects such as high cutting forces and severe subsurface damage, while micro-textured tools can improve CFRP machining performance. Therefore, to reveal the cutting mechanism of CFRP processing by micro-textured tools and guide the tool design, macroscopic and microscopic orthogonal cutting models were established in this study, which compared and analyzed the material removal process and the indicated topography of unidirectional CFRP with different fiber orientations (0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°) by traditional tools and micro-textured tools, and the accuracy of the models was verified with experiments. Compared with traditional tools, micro-textured tools reduce cutting forces by minimizing the tool-chip contact length to reduce friction and converting the fiber failure form from crush failure to shear failure. Meanwhile, the texture on the rake face enables cutting burrs, effectively improving the surface quality of the workpiece and suppressing the depth of subsurface damage. In addition, the influence of different texture parameters on the machining quality of the workpiece was analyzed.
Physical Activity Patterns and Cognitive Health among Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Li Weixin , Li Yan , Wen Ming , Liu Bian
Published: November 2022

We assessed the association between physical activity (PA) patterns and cognitive health. Using the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data among older adults (≥60 years), we defined scoring below the 25th percentile in the average z-scores from 3 cognitive tests as having low cognitive performance. We used latent class analysis to categorize PA patterns and examined their association with cognitive performance using logistic regressions while adjusting for relevant covariates. We identified three PA groups: inactive (50.2%), moderate intensity leisure (34.5%), and high intensity multiple activities (15.3%). Compared to the inactive group, the moderate intensity leisure and high intensity multiple activities groups were less likely to have low cognitive performance (adjusted proportion ratio .85; 95% CI: .75, .94; and .76; 95% CI: .57, .96). The results highlight the need for improving cognitive health of a large proportion of physically inactive older adults by promoting multiple types of PA.
Biomechanical analysis of single- and double-level cervical disc arthroplasty using finite element modeling
Authors: Rahman Waseemur Ur , Jiang Wei , Zhao Fulin , Li Zhijun , Wang Guohua , Yang Guanghui
Published: November 2022

Recently, many different types of artificial discs have been introduced to persevere the biomechanical behavior of the cervical spine. This study compares the biomechanical behavior of single- and double-level cervical disc arthroplasty, that is “Prestige LP and Mobi-C” on the index and adjacent segment. A three-dimension finite element model of C2-C7 was developed and validated. In single-level prostheses, the Prestige LP or Mobi-C was implanted in the segment C5-C6, while the double-level arthroplasty was integrated at both segments C4-C5 and C5-C6 in the FE model. The intact FE and prosthesis-modified models were constrained from the inferior endplate of the vertebra C7 and applied a compressive load of 73.6 N with a moment load of 1 Nm on the odontoid process of the vertebra C2 to produce flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. The prosthesis-modified model’s range of motion and intradiscal pressure were determined and compared to the intact model. Also examined the impact of the prostheses on the stress at the bone-implant interface. The range of motion of the implanted segments in both single- and double-levels arthroplasty was increased while that of the adjacent segment of implanted segments decreased. The intradiscal pressure in both levels of arthroplasty was greater than in the intact model. In conclusion, Mobi-C’s cervical prostheses could better preserve the normal range of motion and maintain intradiscal pressure than the Prestige LP.
The effect of different energy levels of the Er: YAG laser on the repair bond strength of a nanohybrid composite resin
Authors: Celiksoz Ozge , Recen Duygu , Peskersoy Cem
Published: November 2022

This study evaluates the durability of repair microshear bond strength (µSBS) of nanohybrid composite resins which surfaces are treated with different laser parameters and bur. A total of 240 nanohybrid composite resin disk shaped specimens were prepared. Then, specimens were divided into eight test groups as regards to surface treatment types (Erbium (Er:YAG) laser with seven different parameters and bur). Half of the specimens in each group were subjected to 5000 thermal cycling (TC) and the other half to 20,000 TC. Universal testing machine was used for µSBS test. The data were analyzed with a two-way analysis of variance and Tukey test. Among the specimens treated with ER:YAG laser+5000 TC, we detected the highest mean µSBS test values in the subgroups L200 and L250. Among the specimens treated with ER:YAG laser+20,000 TC, the highest mean µSBS test values were seen in the L200 subgroup. The µSBS values after the 20,000 TC were significantly lower than those after 5000 TC for all different treatment types. Thermal cycling and laser energy levels have effects on repair µSBS. Considering the bond strength and durability it seems more effective to use Er:YAG laser at 200 mJ. To repair an aged nanohybrid composite resin, Er:YAG laser surface treatments may provide some benefits by acquiring a reliable bond strength with durability. This study may give information on which parameters are more suitable to use Er:YAG laser for the repair of nanohybrid composite resins.
Where to find power resources under a hostile government? The prospects for trade union revitalization after the loss of institutional resources in Hungary and Romania
Authors: Trif Aurora , Szabó Imre G
Published: November 2022

The experience in Western Europe suggests that overreliance on institutional stability hinders trade union revitalization. This paper explores the other side of this coin: what is the impact of dismantling industrial relations institutions on union revitalization? It investigates the drivers and outcomes of the main revitalization strategies used by trade unions in Hungary and Romania as a response to the frontal attack of governments on their institutional supports post-2008. In both countries, national-level confederations took political action seeking to amend the labour laws that undermined their role and influence. At the company and occupational level, some trade unions increased their organizing efforts to retain their influence under an adverse legal framework. This article reveals that deinstitutionalization can be a driver of revitalization when trade unions are willing to take small steps to strengthen their links with rank-and-file members and with other unions, social movements or international organizations by using a combination of revitalization strategies. It also shows that unions have to simultaneously draw on different sets of power resources, particularly a mixture of organizational and societal power resources, to revitalize after losing institutional resources.
Multi-target therapy in a lupus patient with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
Authors: Li Xue , Chen Yuxin , Zhang Jianyu , Li Ting , Chen Jian , Lu Yu , Yang Liu
Published: November 2022

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease based on the pathology of small-vessel inflammation, which can affect multiple organs. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a rare and severe complication of SLE with high mortality, most commonly seen in young women. It often appears along with clinical manifestations of sudden dyspnea, hemoptysis, and rapid onset of hypoxemia, which develops into respiratory failure and even multiple organs damage.

Case report

The case of a 28-year-old female who was diagnosed with SLE complicated with DAH is presented here. The patient, who experienced recurring DAH, responded poorly to the common therapy of high-dose glucocorticoid plus cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange. After the treatment was adjusted to a multi-target regimen of glucocorticoid, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and belimumab, the symptoms began to improve.

Conclusion

The multi-target regimen may be a new treatment strategy of SLE complicated with DAH.
More Than Just an Entertainment Show: Identification of Medical Clowns’ Communication Skills and Therapeutic Goals
Authors: Karnieli-Miller Orit , Divon-Ophir Orna , Sagi Doron , Pessach-Gelblum Liat , Ziv Amitai , Rozental Lior
Published: November 2022

Medical clowns (MCs) are trained professionals who aim to change the hospital environment through humor. Previous studies focused on their positive impact and began identifying their various skills in specific situations. When placed in pediatrics, MCs face various challenges, including approaching frustrated adolescents who are unwilling to cooperate with their care, dealing with their anxious parents, and communicating in a team in the presence of other health professionals. Research that systematically describes MCs’ skills and therapeutic goals in meeting these challenges is limited. This article describes a qualitative, immersion/crystallization study, triangulating between 26 video-recorded simulations and 12 in-depth-semi-structured interviews with MCs. Through an iterative consensus-building process we identified 40 different skills, not limited to humor and entertainment. Four main therapeutic goals emerged: building a relationship, dealing with emotions, enhancing a sense of control, caring, and encouragement, and motivating treatment adherence. Mapping MCs’ skills and goals enhances the understanding of MCs’ role and actions to illustrate their unique caring practices. This clarification may help other healthcare professionals to recognize their practices and the benefits in involving them in care. Furthermore, other health professionals may apply some of the identified skills when faced with these challenges themselves.
Is There a Role for Comfort Care in Neonates With Severe Craniofacial Anomalies? Case Report and Review of Quality-of-Life Literature
Authors: Ferraro Jennifer J. , Jeffe Jill S. , Seu Michelle Y. , Aminzada Amir , Tragos Christina
Published: November 2022

This article aims to determine how quality of life (QoL) is defined and assessed in cases of severe craniofacial anomalies, as well as the impact such considerations may have on the treatment of a neonate with these conditions with respect to palliative neonatal care. Our literature review found insufficient evidence to suggest that craniofacial anomalies result in consistently poor QoL. Based on these findings and in line with the current acceptable standards for the ethical care of neonates, with the exception of rare cases, resuscitative efforts should always be performed on patients with isolated craniofacial anomalies, as demonstrated in the management of this reported patient.
Recent Findings on Platelet Activation, vWF Multimers and Other Thrombotic Biomarkers Associated with Critical COVID-19
Authors: Damián-Vázquez Guadalupe , García-Larragoiti Nallely , Cano-Méndez Alan , Guzmán-Cancino Patricia , Tiznado-Leyva Aidyl , López-Castaneda Sandra , Viveros-Sandoval Martha Eva
Published: November 2022

Mortality rate in patients with COVID-19 increases in those admitted to the ICU. Activation of the coagulation system is associated with the worse disease outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate platelet activation and thrombotic biomarkers in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during the second and third infection waves of the pandemic during 2021, following a previous report that included patients from the first wave. Sixty five patients were recruited and classified according to disease outcome; 10 healthy donors were included as a control group. Among prothrombotic biomarkers, t-PA concentrations ( p < .0001), PAI-1 (0.0032) and D dimer ( p = .0011) were higher in patients who developed critical COVID-19. We also found platelet activation via αIIbβIII expression ( p < .0001) and higher presence of vWF-HMWM in severe COVID-19 ( p < .0001). Several prothrombotic biomarkers are found to be increased since hospital admission in patients which lately present a worse disease outcome (ICU admission/death), among these, platelet activation, vWF increased plasma concentration and presence of HMWM seem to be of special interest. New studies regarding the predictive value of thrombotic biomarkers are needed as SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge.
The effect of marination by using ginger extract and citric acid on physicochemical characteristics of camel meat
Authors: Moeini Roza , Zamindar Nafiseh , Aarabi Najvani Farinaz
Published: November 2022

In the present study, the effect of marinade solutions of ginger extract in conjunction with citric acid (5 levels) and marinating time (24 and 48 h) on physicochemical properties of camel meat were investigated. Marinade uptake (%), pH, and color indexes of marinated samples were measured. Moreover, pH, cooking loss (%), Warner Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF), tenderness (%) were evaluated to document changes in meat quality after cooking. Microstructural changes of collagenous fibers were observed via SEM. Overall, ginger extract marination without citric acid resulted in a significant increase in marinade uptake, pH, tenderness, L*, a*, and b*, however, a significant decrease was observed in WBSF. Moreover, ginger extract accompanied with citric acid marination resulted in a significant decrease in marinade uptake, L* and a*, and WBSF, while a significant increase in pH, tenderness, and b* was observed after both marinating and cooking ( P ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference in cooking loss amongst all samples ( P ≥ 0.05). As regards sensory characteristics, ginger extract marination either with citric acid or without that resulted in a significant increase in tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and odor indices ( P ≤ 0.05). The appearance score of marinated camel meat with ginger extract was significantly higher than non-marinated controls ( P ≤ 0.05).
The Effects of Community Preschool Characteristics on Developmental Outcomes for Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Nahmias Allison S. , Crabbe Samantha , Marcus Steven C. , Mandell David S.
Published: November 2022

This study examined factors associated with 9-month outcomes of 78 preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder ([ASD]; 66 males, mean age = 44.8 [7.0] months) receiving preschool special education services. Use of recommended intervention practices was observed in each student’s primary educational setting: autism-only ( n = 28), mixed-disability ( n = 25), and general early education ( n = 25). Recommended practice use across setting types and developmental changes were compared using generalized estimating equations. Autism-only settings had the highest implementation of classroom structure, classroom environment, and curriculum and instruction. General early education had greater implementation of practices to support social and peer relationships. Supporting social and peer relationships was the largest predictor of gains, controlling for setting type; the association was greater for children with lower initial receptive language or developmental skills. These findings highlight the importance of supporting and promoting peer engagement in students with ASD across preschool placement types.
A Proposal for Expansion of the Medical Specialty of Rehabilitation Medicine
Authors: Sivan Manoj , Cirasanambati Mahesh , Okirie Elie , Jeddi Faraz , Smith Matthew , Basu Bhaskar , Watve Sachin , Bose Renjith , Balakrishnan Sudha , Salawu Abayomi , Jagatsinh Yogendra , Williams Vicki , Kolli Sreedhar , Simpson Robert , Shaw Simon , Swarna Shyam , Kolli Vijay
Published: November 2022

The workforce of the medical specialty of Rehabilitation Medicine (RM) in the UK is 10 times less than the European average for the specialty of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM). This can be explained partly by the difference in the scope of practice within the specialty between the UK and other European countries and USA. This opinion paper aims to compare the rehabilitation needs in chronic medical conditions and compare the scope of practice between countries within Europe and other regions of the world. The potential advantages of a broader remit specialty to improve rehabilitation care for patients by involving rehabilitation physicians in various medical conditions is explored. Recommendations have been put forward in the Rehabilitation Medicine Expansion Proposal (RMEP), which is likely to make the medical specialty of RM/ PRM more satisfying for the doctors working in the specialty and a more attractive career choice for those entering training in the specialty. There is a need for an international universal framework for the scope of the specialty to have a greater impact on improving the lives of those with chronic medical conditions.
Layers and limits of power and resistance in multinational subsidiaries: The interaction of micro-politics and postcolonial power at Reuters India
Authors: Sayed Zehra , Frenkel Michal
Published: November 2022

This study analyses how the mutual imbrication of organizational and postcolonial power along with the micro-embedding of actors’ shape and structure power struggles in multinational corporations. Drawing on the case of news agency Reuters’ internationalization and centralization approach at its Indian subsidiaries in Mumbai and Bangalore, our research explores how subsidiaries mobilize resources to pursue their interests in a landscape shaped by clashing professional institutional logics and organizational control systems reflected in quality control and performance assessment. Our findings shows that the power struggle and (professional) identity position of both subsidiary staff differs as they face different organizational, institutional and (neo)colonial pressures and are othered in different ways. We argue that as a site of “value production,” both subsidiaries are qualified and disadvantaged in distinct ways. Our study emphasizes the importance of understanding diverse colonial experiences and the mainstreaming of postcolonial insights in the analysis of power in MNCs.
Who holds the union together? Citizens’ preferences for European Union cohesion in challenging times
Authors: Reinl Ann-Kathrin , Braun Daniela
Published: November 2022

Although polarisation risks breaking up the European family, such conflicts paired with transnational challenges can also raise awareness of the need for more European Union (EU) cohesion. In order to approach the hitherto underspecified concept, this article connects the recent literature on social cohesion with research on various facets of public EU support – integration preferences, identity, voting behaviour, and solidarity. Building on survey data from 10 EU countries taken at the end of 2020, a latent class analysis identifies two distinct groups of preferences for EU cohesion: its friends and its foes. EU cohesion can be achieved by highlighting personal advantages of European integration and by stressing joint approaches to crises, civic education, and democratic processes.
Neurotechnology’s Prospects for Bringing About Meaningful Reductions in Neurological Impairment
Authors: Putrino David , Krakauer John W.
Published: November 2022

Here we report and comment on the magnitudes of post-stroke impairment reduction currently observed using new neurotechnologies. We argue that neurotechnology’s best use case is impairment reduction as this is neither the primary strength nor main goal of conventional rehabilitation, which is better at targeting the activity and participation levels of the ICF. The neurotechnologies discussed here can be divided into those that seek to be adjuncts for enhancing conventional rehabilitation, and those that seek to introduce a novel behavioral intervention altogether. Examples of the former include invasive and non-invasive brain stimulation. Examples of the latter include robotics and some forms of serious gaming. We argue that motor learning and training-related recovery are conceptually and mechanistically distinct. Based on our survey of recent results, we conclude that large reductions in impairment will need to begin with novel forms of high dose and high intensity behavioral intervention that are qualitatively different to conventional rehabilitation. Adjunct forms of neurotechnology, if they are going to be effective, will need to piggyback on these new behavioral interventions.
Early, Intense Rehabilitation Fails to Improve Outcome After Intra-Striatal Hemorrhage in Rats
Authors: Fedor Britt A. , Kalisvaart Anna C.J. , Ralhan Shivani , Kung Tiffany F.C. , MacLaren Maxwell , Colbourne Frederick
Published: November 2022

Background

The formation and degradation of an intracerebral hemorrhage causes protracted cell death, and an extended window for intervention. Experimental studies find that rehabilitation mitigates late cell death, with accelerated hematoma clearance as a potential mechanism.

Objective

We assessed whether early, intense, enriched rehabilitation (ER, environmental enrichment and massed skills training) enhances functional benefit, reduces brain injury, and augments hematoma clearance.

Methods

In experiment 1, rats (n = 56) were randomized to intervention in the light (-L) or dark phase (-D) of their housing cycle, then to 10 days of ER or control (CON) treatment after collagenase-induced striatal intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). ER rats were treated from 5 to 14 days after ICH. Behavior and residual hematoma volume was assessed on day 14. In experiment 2, rats (n = 72) were randomized to ER-D10, ER-D20, or CON-D. ER rats completed 10 or 20 days of training in the dark. Rats were euthanized on day 60 for histology. In both experiments, behavioral assessment was completed pre-ICH, pre-ER (day 4 post-ICH), and post-ER (experiment 1: days 13-14; experiment 2: days 16-17 and 30-31).

Results

Reaching intensity was high but similar between ER-D10 and ER-L10. Unlike previous work, rehabilitation did not alter skilled reaching or hematoma resolution. Varying ER duration also did not affect reaching success or lesion volume.

Conclusions

In contrast to others, and under these conditions, our findings show that striatal ICH was generally unresponsive to rehabilitation. This highlights the difficulty of replicating and extending published work, perhaps owing to small inter-study differences.
Design and research of two-point contact type stacked roller support two-dimensional piston pump
Authors: Ruan Chuantan , Zhang Chenchen , Wang Heyuan , Ruan Jian , Li Sheng
Published: November 2022

To address the effect of clearance on the efficiency of two-dimensional piston pumps, this paper proposes a novel two-point contact type stacked roller support two-dimensional piston pump that eliminates the effect of guide rail and cone roller clearance on mechanical efficiency and volumetric efficiency in the inertia force-balance two-dimensions piston pump. It achieves two-way force balance support for the hydraulic static pressure and inertia force of the cone rollers through the overlapping mutual support and friction transmission of the double-layered cone rollers, which can effectively compensate for the gap between the rollers and the guide rail. The structure and operating principle of a two-dimensional piston pump are described first in this study, establish the mechanical efficiency model and volumetric efficiency model. Building an experimental bench for testing, the outcome is consistent with the theoretical analysis, and the difference is within 6%, demonstrating that the theoretical analysis is correct.
Midterm outcomes of endovascular treatment for infected aortic aneurysms: Single center experience
Authors: Suwanruangsri Veera , Bokerd Surakiat , Chinchalongporn Wanchai , Chanchitsopon Virapat , Inlao Peerapong , Kaviros Pruesttipong
Published: November 2022

Objective

The standard treatment of infected aortic aneurysms is open surgical repair but mortality rates remain high with the common cause of death being sepsis. Endovascular treatment of infected aortic aneurysms is another option and here we report the midterm outcomes of endovascular treatment for infected aortic aneurysms.

Methods

Thirty-four patients with infected aortic aneurysms underwent endovascular and hybrid repair between December 2012 and June 2021. The patients were evaluated for early and midterm outcomes including postoperative mortality, morbidity, recurrent aortic infection, and midterm survival.

Results

There were 34 patients who presented with infected aortic aneurysms with a mean age of 66.7 years (range, 26–89). Most of the patients presented with abdominal pain (94.1%) and fever (50.0%). The rate of positive blood culture for organisms was 32.4%. Salmonella was the most common organism. The procedures for treatment were endovascular repair using straight endograft, aorto-uni-iliac (AUI) endograft, bifurcated endograft, and thoracic endograft. Other procedures were endovascular repair with sandwich technique, chimney or periscope technique, and hybrid operation. The rate of in-hospital mortality and morbidity were 11.8% and 17.6%, respectively. Mean follow-up time was 21 months (range, 1–70). During the follow-up period, 7 (23.3%) patients had recurrent infection of aortic aneurysms and 5 patients required reoperation. Four patients died from septicemia and one patient died from cardiac disease. Male patients were more likely to have recurrent infection compared to females. The cumulative survival at 1 year and 2 years were 86.3% and 80.5%, respectively.

Conclusion

In this retrospective review of the endovascular treatment in the patients who presented with infected aortic aneurysms showed acceptable early and midterm outcomes.
Efficacy of red low-level laser for postoperative pain management: A review of literature
Authors: Sammons Travis , Shanks Steve
Published: November 2022

Many patients who undergo surgical procedures experience acute postoperative pain, with less than half receiving adequate pain relief. Recent advancements in postoperative pain management include the market clearance by the US Food and Drug Administration for the utilisation of red low-level laser therapy in providing postoperative pain relief. The Food and Drug Administration market clearance was based on clinical data from randomised controlled trials that supported the safety and effectiveness of visible red laser therapy across various surgical procedures. This review of literature aims to evaluate the mechanisms of action, the dose–response curves and clinical outcomes of red low-level laser for postoperative pain management. A literature search was limited to randomised controlled trials that evaluated the use of red low-level laser therapy on postoperative pain. The results from the literature search found that seven studies met the search qualifications. The literature review findings demonstrated that red low-level laser therapy is a safe and effective treatment alternative for postoperative pain management. In addition to postoperative pain reduction, the findings of the literature revealed that red low-level laser therapy may promote healing and reduce the consumption of postoperative prescription analgesic drugs.
Designing Intergenerational Spaces: What to Learn From Children
Authors: Norouzi Neda , Chen Jou-Chen , Jarrott Shannon , Satari Afrooz
Published: November 2022

Objectives:

Adopting recommendations of the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, this study addresses the value of children’s input on the architectural design of the built environment of intergenerational shared sites and the intergenerational interactions that took place there.

Background:

Intergenerational programs bring children and older adults together, inviting them to interact, exchange ideas and support each other. Most intergenerational programs are planned by staff and often take place in a multipurpose room without direct input from child or older adult participants.

Methods:

Data for this study were collected through interviews and drawings from 16 children at three intergenerational centers in Hawaii, Kansas, and Virginia. The interviews were transcribed, analyzed, coded, and categorized. Child development experts analyzed the drawings to better understand how children experience their surrounding environment.

Results:

Four themes emerged from the triangulated data: (1) outdoor spaces offer rich opportunities for shared programming, (2) children enjoy sharing meals and snacks with intergenerational partners, (3) children recognize environmental features that facilitate or limit intergenerational interaction, and (4) varied spaces support to informal, brief intergenerational interaction. Our findings provide evidence in the value of involving children in designing intergenerational centers and programming.

Conclusion:

The children who participated in this study provided meaningful insight reflecting the experience of intergenerational activities and the impacts of the built environment on the quality and variety of these interactions.
Technology implementation in care practices for community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive decline: Perspectives of professional caregivers in Quebec and Brussels
Authors: Dequanter S , Steenhout I , Fobelets M , Gagnon MP , Sasseville M , Bourbonnais A , Giguère A , Ndiaye MA , Lambert A , Gorus E , Buyl R
Published: November 2022

Objective

As worldwide population aging is accelerating, innovative technologies are being developed to support independent living among community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive decline. However, the successful implementation of these interventions is often challenging. Until now, literature on implementation issues related to the specific context of older adults with mild cognitive decline is lacking and the few studies available do not focus specifically on the perspective of professional caregivers. Yet the perspective of these caregivers is important as they can be considered a key facilitator for technology implementation among this population. Therefore, this study was the first to examine technology implementation among community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive decline from the broader perspective of professional caregivers.

Methods

In this qualitative study, two focus groups consisting of a heterogeneous pool of professional caregivers were conducted: one in Quebec (Canada, n = 6) and one in Brussels (Belgium, n = 8). Braun and Clarke’ method for thematic analysis, guided by a qualitative descriptive approach was applied to inductively identify themes from the data.

Results

We identified factors influencing technology implementation in older adults with mild cognitive decline on three levels: an individual level (e.g., characteristics of older adults with mild cognitive decline and professional caregivers’ attitude), an organizational level (e.g., lack of training among professional caregivers) and a level referring to the broader context (e.g., ethical considerations).

Conclusions

This study contributes to the research gap in knowledge on the needs of professional caregivers to facilitate technology implementation among the population of older adults with cognitive decline. Future directions for research, practice, and policy are given, more specifically to improve knowledge among caregivers and on the development of decision support to retrieve safe and effective technologies that suit patient-centered care.
Hazardous Drinking Mediates the Relation Between Externalizing Personality and Reduced Adherence to COVID-19 Public Health Guidelines in University Students
Authors: Morris Vanessa , Baptist-Mohseni Natasha , Kronstein Naama B. , Murphy Clayton B. , Yunus Fakir , Thibault Tabatha , Livet Audrey , Mahmoud Aram , Pétrin-Pomerleau Philippe , Krank Marvin , Thompson Kara , Conrod Patricia , Stewart Sherry H. , Keough Matthew T.
Published: November 2022

Using a multigroup path analysis, we examined if hazardous alcohol use mediated the relations between elevated externalizing personality traits (i.e., impulsivity or sensation seeking) and reduced adherence to COVID-19 public health guidelines. We hypothesized that those high in externalizing personality traits would demonstrate less adherence to public health guidelines and that hazardous alcohol use would mediate this relationship. First- and second-year undergraduates ( N = 1232; ages 18–25) from five Canadian universities participated in a cross-sectional survey between January to April 2021. Individuals with higher levels of impulsive or sensation seeking personality traits demonstrated poorer adherence to COVID-19 public health guidelines and these relations were mediated by hazardous alcohol use. Results suggest that hazardous drinking is an important target for students high in impulsivity and sensation seeking to increase their adherence to public health guidelines and thereby help control viral spread.
Three-dimensional navigation-guided percutaneous trans-symphyseal screw for mechanically unstable pubic symphysis diastasis
Authors: Chan Angus Chao Kun , Chui King Him , Lee KB , Li Wilson
Published: November 2022

Minimally invasive trans-symphyseal screw (TSS) for pubic symphysis diastasis was recently advocated, and its feasibility and reproducibility under 3D-navigation guidance are explored. Fifteen cases between 2016 and 2021 with a background of pubic symphysis diastasis are reviewed in this case series. Twenty-two TSS were inserted with an average Injury Severity Score of 35.3. Sixty percent received a one-stage procedure including fracture reduction, intra-operative 3D imaging, and planning followed by execution. The mean operative time and blood loss were 132 minutes and 160 ml, respectively. Average fracture healing was 5.8 months with two delayed unions at 9 months. The pubic symphysis distance was maintained in all cases at 6 months post-op. The average Marjeed score, Multicenter Study Group Pelvic Outcome Score, and Numeric pain rating scale were 60.2, 6.5, and 2.7, respectively. We conclude that 3D-navigation-guided percutaneous TSS restores pelvic stability and provides satisfactory pain control, and thus a safe and effective alternative to open reduction internal fixation.
Incidence and Epidemiology of Symptomatic Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Elbow: A United States Population–Based Study Over a 25-Year Period
Authors: Uvodich Mason E. , Braig Zachary V. , Reinholz Anna K. , Till Sara E. , O’Driscoll Shawn W. , Morrey Mark E. , Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquin , Camp Christopher L.
Published: November 2022

Background:

There are limited data on the incidence of capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) in the United States (US) population.

Purpose:

To determine the incidence of symptomatic capitellar OCD in a representative US subpopulation and identify changes in its incidence over time and to investigate the relationship between the incidence of capitellar OCD and patient sex and age.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

A retrospective review was performed of patients aged ≤24 years from Olmsted County, Minnesota, with symptomatic capitellar OCD over a 25-year period (1995-2019). Patients with acute osteochondral injuries, Panner disease, and hereditary arthropathy were excluded. Poisson regression was utilized to identify the predictors of a capitellar OCD diagnosis. Incidence rates (per 100,000) were assessed for changes over time. Age groups of younger (10-15 years) versus older (16-24 years) patients were compared.

Results:

A total of 45 patients (78% male) were identified. The mean age was 14.5 years (range, 10-24 years); 31 patients were in the younger group, and 14 patients were in the older group. Sport participation was seen in 89%of patients; 90% were overhead athletes, and 58% were throwing athletes. The incidence of capitellar OCD was 6.0 per 100,000 overall, 9.5 per 100,000 for male patients, and 2.6 per 100,000 for female patients. The incidence was highest for male patients in the younger group (15.3/100,000) and lowest for female patients in the older group (0.8/100,000). The estimated incidence rate ratio for younger versus older patients was 3.3 ( P < .001), and the incidence rate ratio for male versus female patients was 3.5 ( P < .001). There were no changes in the incidence of capitellar OCD over time as a continuous or 5-year categorical variable ( P = .290 and P = .460, respectively). Overall, 82% of patients were treated surgically. There were no significant changes in surgical rates over time.

Conclusion:

In this US subpopulation, the overall incidence of symptomatic capitellar OCD between the ages of 10 and 24 years was 6.0 per 100,000 over the 25-year period studied, which is higher than previously reported US estimates. Incidence rates and treatment strategies did not change significantly over time.
Forefoot Width Correction in Hallux Valgus after Rotational Scarf Osteotomy
Authors: Mombello Franco L. , Butteri Ana I. , Ortiz Cristian A. , Pellegrini Manuel J. , Carcuro Giovanni M. , Chaparro Felipe R.
Published: November 2022

Category:

Bunion; Other

Introduction/Purpose:

Hallux valgus is a common deformity represented by a wider forefoot, associated with pain, shoe restrictions, and cosmetic problems. The goal of hallux valgus surgery is to achieve a painless foot by realigning the deviated first ray, thereby reducing friction between bony prominences and regular footwear. There is limited evidence on the effect of osseous procedures after hallux valgus surgery on the width of the resulting foot.

Methods:

We retrospectively performed measurements of forefoot width (bony and soft tissues) on AP standard x-ray from the first metatarsal head to the fifth metatarsal head, pre-and postoperatively at 3 months.

Results:

Thirty patients met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 42 feet. Radiographically, the preoperative mean 1-5 metatarsal bony width was 89.30mm SD (5.8) to 80.42mm postoperative SD (3.5). Regarding the soft tissue width, the preoperative average was 102.45mm SD (6.4) to 98.3mm postoperative SD (5.1). The ICC between both observers was 'excellent' in most measures (range, 0.884-0.973). Values obtained had a significance of p<0.001. Size effect was considered medium-high, with 0.87 power.

Conclusion:

We report an objective reduction in the forefoot width, both bony and soft tissue, by means of 8.88mm (10%) and 4.12mm (4.1%), respectively after scarf akin osteotomy. These results are represented by better shoe comfort and aesthetics.
Impact of Pre-Operative PROMIS Depression Scores on Total Ankle Replacement Outcomes
Authors: Moon Daniel K. , Hewitt Michael A. , Buckley Sara E. , Albin Stephanie , Hunt Kenneth J.
Published: November 2022

Category:

Ankle Arthritis; Ankle; Other

Introduction/Purpose:

Total ankle replacement (TAR) is an effective procedure to help patients with end-stage osteoarthritis regain mobility and function. While previous studies have suggested that pre-operative factors such as stress or depression may influence the success of TAR, there is limited literature investigating this relationship. The goal of this study is to evaluate differences in functional and pain outcomes following TAR from patients with high and average PROMIS depression scores.

Methods:

Patients enrolled in the Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Outcomes Research (OFAR) platform who underwent total ankle replacement were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were included if they had PROMIS outcomes collected both pre- and 12- months post-operatively. Patients were grouped as 'no/low depression' if they scored below 60 on the PROMIS depression scale, and 'high depression' if they scored greater than or equal to 60 (one standard deviation from the population mean). Statistical differences were evaluated non-parametrically using Wilcoxon rank tests and Mann-Whitney U tests.

Results:

36 patients who underwent TAR met inclusion criteria for analysis. Based on pre-operative PROMIS depression scores, 28 patients were categorized 'no/low depression' (ND), and 8 were categorized as 'high depression' (HD). Both groups showed significant improvement in PROMIS physical function and PROMIS pain interference at 12-months. While the HD group had a significantly higher baseline PROMIS pain interference (65.8) compared to the ND group (58.4, p < 0.05), there was no significant difference between the two groups at 12-months (50.5 vs. 47.6, respectively). Similarly, while there was a significant difference in PROMIS depression score pre-operatively between HD and ND (62.5 vs. 48.3, p < 0.05), there was no significant difference 12- months post-operatively (52.5 vs. 45.8).

Conclusion:

Our data suggests that patients with high pre-operative PROMIS depression scores may have worse baseline physical function and pain interference compared to other patients but see greater overall improvement after total ankle arthroplasty. Patients in the 'high depression' group also showed a significant improvement in PROMIS depression score 12- months post-operatively. Additional investigation of large, non-commercial outcomes databases, such as OFAR, may also help determine which surgical interventions impact mental health outcomes.