bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diet-Induced Obesity Alters Dendritic Cell Function in the Presence and Absence of Tumor Growth
Authors: James Britnie R. , Tomanek-Chalkley Ann , Askeland Eric J. , Kucaba Tamara , Griffith Thomas S. , Norian Lyse A.
Published: June 2012

Obesity is a mounting health concern in the United States and is associated with an increased risk for developing several cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Despite this, little is known regarding the impact of obesity on antitumor immunity. Because dendritic cells (DC) are critical regulators of antitumor immunity, we examined the combined effects of obesity and tumor outgrowth on DC function. Using a diet-induced obesity (DIO) model, DC function was evaluated in mice bearing orthotopic RCC and in tumor-free controls. Tumor-free DIO mice had profoundly altered serum cytokine and chemokine profiles, with upregulation of 15 proteins, including IL-1α, IL-17, and LIF. Tumor-free DIO mice had elevated percentages of conventional splenic DC that were impaired in their ability to stimulate naive T cell expansion, although they were phenotypically similar to normal weight (NW) controls. In DIO mice, intrarenal RCC tumor challenge in the absence of therapy led to increased local infiltration by T cell-suppressive DC and accelerated early tumor outgrowth. Following administration of a DC-dependent immunotherapy, established RCC tumors regressed in normal weight mice. The same immunotherapy was ineffective in DIO mice and was characterized by an accumulation of regulatory DC in tumor-bearing kidneys, decreased local infiltration by IFN-γ–producing CD8 T cells, and progressive tumor outgrowth. Our results suggest that the presence of obesity as a comorbidity can impair the efficacy of DC-dependent antitumor immunotherapies.
Retinal Laser Burn-Induced Neuropathy Leads to Substance P-Dependent Loss of Ocular Immune Privilege
Authors: Lucas Kenyatta , Karamichos Dimitris , Mathew Rose , Zieske James D. , Stein-Streilein Joan
Published: June 2012

Inflammation in the eye is tightly regulated by multiple mechanisms that together contribute to ocular immune privilege. Many studies have shown that it is very difficult to abrogate the immune privileged mechanism called anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID). Previously, we showed that retinal laser burn (RLB) to one eye abrogated immune privilege (ACAID) bilaterally for an extended period of time. In an effort to explain the inflammation in the nonburned eye, we postulated that neuronal signals initiated inflammation in the contralateral eye. In this study, we test the role of substance P, a neuroinflamatory peptide, in RLB-induced loss of ACAID. Histological examination of the retina with and without RLB revealed an increase of the substance P-inducible neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1-R) in the retina of first, the burned eye, and then the contralateral eye. Specific antagonists for NK1-R, given locally with Ag within 24 h, but not 3, 5, or 7 d post-RLB treatment, prevented the bilateral loss of ACAID. Substance P knockout (KO) mice retained their ability to develop ACAID post-RLB. These data support the postulate that substance P transmits early inflammatory signals from the RLB eye to the contralateral eye to induce changes to ocular immune privilege and has a central role in the bilateral loss of ACAID. The possibility is raised that blocking of the substance P pathway with NK1-R antagonists postocular trauma may prevent unwanted and perhaps extended consequences of trauma-induced inflammation in the eye.
Human Bocavirus NP1 Inhibits IFN-β Production by Blocking Association of IFN Regulatory Factor 3 with IFNB Promoter
Authors: Zhang Zhenfeng , Zheng Zhenhua , Luo Huanle , Meng Jin , Li Hongxia , Li Qian , Zhang Xiaowei , Ke Xianliang , Bai Bingke , Mao Panyong , Hu Qinxue , Wang Hanzhong
Published: June 2012

Human bocavirus (HBoV) mainly infects young children. Although many infected children suffer from respiratory or gastroenteric tract diseases, an association between HBoV and these diseases is not definite. Because modulation of type I IFN is crucial for viruses to establish efficient replication, in this study, we tested whether HBoV modulates type I IFN production. We observed that a nearly full-length HBoV clone significantly reduced both Sendai virus (SeV)- and poly(deoxyadenylic-thymidylic) acid-induced IFN-β production. Further study showed that NP1 blocked IFN-β activation in response to SeV, poly(deoxyadenylic-thymidylic) acid, and IFN-β pathway inducers, including retinoic acid-inducible protein I, mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein, inhibitor of κB kinase ε, and TANK-binding kinase 1. In addition, NP1 interfered with IRF-3–responsive PRD(III-I) promoter activated by SeV and a constitutively active mutant of IRF-3 (IRF-3/5D). Although NP1 suppressed the IRF-3 pathway, it did not affect IRF-3 activation processes, including phosphorylation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation. Coimmunoprecipitation assays confirmed the interaction between NP1 and IRF-3. Additional deletion mutagenesis and coimmunoprecipitation assays revealed that NP1 bound to the DNA-binding domain of IRF-3, resulting in the interruption of an association between IRF-3 and IFNB promoter. Altogether, our results indicate that HBoV NP1 blocks IFN production through a unique mechanism. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the modulation of innate immunity by HBoV. Our findings suggest a potential immune-evasion mechanism used by HBoV and provide a basis for better understanding HBoV pathogenesis.
Multieffector-Functional Immune Responses of HMBPP-Specific Vγ2Vδ2 T Cells in Nonhuman Primates Inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ΔactA prfA
*
Authors: Ryan-Payseur Bridgett , Frencher James , Shen Ling , Chen Crystal Y. , Huang Dan , Chen Zheng W.
Published: June 2012

Although Listeria monocytogenes can induce systemic infection causing spontaneous abortion, septicemia, and meningitis, studies have not been performed to investigate human anti-L. monocytogenes immune responses, including those of Ag-specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells, a dominant human γδ T cell subset. L. monocytogenes is the only pathogen known to possess both the mevalonate and non-mevalonate isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways that produce metabolic phosphates or phosphoantigens activating human Vγ2Vδ2 T cells, making it interesting to explore in vivo anti-L. monocytogenes immune responses of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. In this study, we demonstrated that subclinical systemic L. monocytogenes infection of rhesus macaques via parenteral inoculation or vaccination with an attenuated Listeria strain induced multieffector-functional immune responses of phosphoantigen-specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. Subclinical systemic infection and reinfection with attenuated L. monocytogenes uncovered the ability of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells to mount expansion and adaptive or recall-like expansion. Expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells could traffic to and accumulate in the pulmonary compartment and intestinal mucosa. Expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells could evolve into effector cells producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-17, or perforin after L. monocytogenes infection, and some effector Vγ2Vδ2 T cells could coproduce IL-17 and IFN-γ, IL-4 and IFN-γ, or TNF-α and perforin. Surprisingly, in vivo-expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T effector cells in subclinical L. monocytogenes infection could directly lyse L. monocytogenes-infected target cells and inhibit intracellular L. monocytogenes bacteria. Thus, we present the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of multieffector-functional Vγ2Vδ2 T cell responses against L. monocytogenes.
Validating the Use of the Evaluation Tool of Children’s Handwriting–Manuscript to Identify Handwriting Difficulties and Detect Change in School-Age Children
Authors: Brossard-Racine Marie , Mazer Barbara , Julien Marilyse , Majnemer Annette
Published: June 2012

In this study we sought to validate the discriminant ability of the Evaluation Tool of Children’s Handwriting–Manuscript in identifying children in Grades 2–3 with handwriting difficulties and to determine the percentage of change in handwriting scores that is consistently detected by occupational therapists. Thirty-four therapists judged and compared 35 pairs of handwriting samples. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to determine (1) the optimal cutoff values for word and letter legibility scores that identify children with handwriting difficulties who should be seen in rehabilitation and (2) the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in handwriting scores. Cutoff scores of 75.0% for total word legibility and 76.0% for total letter legibility were found to provide excellent levels of accuracy. A difference of 10.0%–12.5% for total word legibility and 6.0%–7.0% for total letter legibility were found as the MCID. Study findings enable therapists to quantitatively support clinical judgment when evaluating handwriting.
Effect of a Coteaching Handwriting Program for First Graders: One-Group Pretest–Posttest Design
Authors: Case-Smith Jane , Holland Terri , Lane Alison , White Susan
Published: June 2012

We examined the effects of a cotaught handwriting and writing program on first-grade students grouped by low, average, and high baseline legibility. The program’s aim was to increase legibility, handwriting speed, writing fluency, and written expression in students with diverse learning needs. Thirty-six first-grade students in two classrooms participated in a 12-wk handwriting and writing program cotaught by teachers and an occupational therapist. Students were assessed at pretest, posttest, and 6-mo follow-up using the Evaluation Tool of Children’s Handwriting–Manuscript (ETCH–M) and the Woodcock–Johnson Writing Fluency and Writing Samples tests. Students made large gains in ETCH–M legibility (η2 = .74), speed (η2s = .52–.65), Writing Fluency (η2 = .58), and Writing Samples (η2 = .59). Students with initially low legibility improved most in legibility; progress on the other tests was similar across low-, average-, and high-performing groups. This program appeared to benefit first-grade students with diverse learning needs and to increase handwriting legibility and speed and writing fluency.
Effect of a Group Adherence Intervention for Mexican-American Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Haltiwanger Emily Piven
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE. I evaluated the effect of a culturally tailored, peer-led support group intervention on improvement in adherence behaviors of Mexican-American older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obtained feedback on the cultural relevance of the manual that structured the intervention.

METHOD. The one-group pretest–posttest design used five self-report questionnaires and blood testing to measure change among 4 men and 12 women, ages 60–85.

RESULTS. Empowerment, self-efficacy, and attitude were highly significant at 2-, 4-, and 6-mo posttests. Glycosylated hemoglobin test results were significant at p < .05 between pretest and 2-mo posttest with a stabilizing effect on the 6-mo posttest.

CONCLUSION. Mexican-American older adults’ adherence may improve with a culturally sensitive, structured peer-led program with indirect consultation from an occupational therapist.
New Single-Subject and Small-n Design in Occupational Therapy: Application to Weight Loss in Obesity
Authors: Weissman-Miller Deborah , Shotwell Mary P. , Miller Rosalie J.
Published: June 2012

Ottenbacher (1986) showed the usefulness of single-subject design (SSD) in occupational therapy. However, SSD methodology is not regarded by the wider research community as providing statistically reliable and valid evidence of effectiveness of treatment partly because of its observational nature. Although statistical estimations can also be made from least squares regression or by a trend line, a new methodology has great potential to influence research in occupational therapy. The new model enables the use of initial client data from the beginning of treatment (for single subjects or small groups) to determine a point in the linear regression at which predictions can be made for the number of treatments needed for stability or improvement. This model is invaluable for third-party payment as well as for client motivation. The purpose of this article is to present this new methodology, the semiparametric ratio estimator (SPRE), illustrated by case application to treatment of obesity.
The effect of model spatial resolution on Secondary Organic Aerosol predictions: a case study at Whistler, BC, Canada
Authors: Wainwright C. D. , Pierce J. R. , Liggio J. , Strawbridge K. B. , Macdonald A. M. , Leaitch R. W.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. A large fraction of submicron aerosol mass throughout the continental boundary layer consists of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass. As such, the ability of chemical transport models to accurately predict continental boundary layer aerosol greatly depends on their ability to predict SOA. Although there has been much recent effort to better describe SOA formation mechanisms in models, little attention has been paid to the effects of model spatial resolution on SOA predictions. The Whistler Aerosol and Cloud Study (WACS 2010), held between 22 June and 28 July 2010 and conducted at Whistler, BC, Canada provides a unique data set for testing simulated SOA predictions. The study consisted of intensive measurements of atmospheric trace gases and particles at several locations strongly influenced by biogenic sources in the region. We test the ability of the global chemical transport model GEOS-Chem to predict the aerosol concentrations during this event and throughout the campaign. Simulations were performed using three different resolutions of the model: 4 × 5°, 2 × 2.5° and 0.5 × 0.667°. Predictions of organic aerosol concentrations at Whistler were greatly dependent on the resolution; the 4 × 5° version of the model significantly under predicts organic aerosol, while the 2 × 2.5° and 0.5 × 0.667° versions are much more closely correlated with measurements. In addition, we performed a comparison between the 3 versions of the model across North America. Comparison simulations were run for both a summer case (July) and Winter case (January). For the summer case, 0.5 × 0.667° simulations predicted on average 19% more SOA than 2 × 2.5° and 32% more than 4 × 5°. For the winter case, the 0.5 × 0.667° simulations predicted 8% more SOA than the 2 × 2.5° and 23% more than the 4 × 5°. This increase in SOA with resolution is largely due to sub-grid variability of organic aerosol (OA) that leads to an increase in the partitioning of secondary organic matter to the aerosol phase at higher resolutions. SOA concentrations were further increased because the shift of secondary organic gases to SOA at higher resolutions increased the lifetime of secondary organic matter (secondary organic gases have a shorter deposition lifetime than SOA in the model). SOA precursor emissions also have smaller, but non-negligible, changes with resolution due to non-linear inputs to the MEGAN biogenic emissions scheme. These results suggest that a portion of the traditional under-prediction of SOA by global models may be due to the effects of coarse grid resolution.
Variability of MLT winds and waves over mid-latitude during the 2000/2001 and 2009/2010 winter stratospheric sudden warming
Authors: Chen X. , Hu X. , Xiao C.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. The mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) wind structure over Wuhan (30° N, 114° E) in 2000/2001 winter and over Langfang (39.4° N, 116.6° E) in 2009/2010 winter are examined to reveal the effects of stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) in mid-low-latitude MLT region. The result shows that the MLT daily zonal wind over these two sites reversed from eastward wind to westward wind for several days during the SSW events. The reversals were almost coincident with the polar stratospheric temperature reaching its maximum at 10 hPa, 90° N and were about ten days prior to the reversal of high latitude stratospheric zonal wind at 10 hPa, 60° N. The temporal variations of tides, gravity waves and 2-day planetary waves in the mid-latitude MLT showed different behavior during the two SSW events. During the 2001 SSW event, MLT diurnal tide reached its maximum when the MLT zonal wind decreased rapidly and SSW event began in polar stratosphere; the activity of 2-day waves decreased after the onset of the 2001 SSW, while the gravity wave increased when the 2001 SSW developed into a major warming. However, in the 2009/2010 winter, the semidiurnal tide and 2-day wave in MLT over Langfang reached a peak about two days earlier than zonal wind reversal at 10 hPa, 60° N; no significant features were found in diurnal tides, terdiurnal tides and gravity waves related to the 2010 SSW event.
Flexion following Hip Resurfacing and Factors that Influence It
Authors: Grammatopoulos George , Philpott Andrew , Reilly Kathleen , Pandit Hemant , Barker Karen , Murray David W. , Gill Harinderjit S.
Published: June 2012

Flexion following arthroplasty of the hip is important for activities of daily living. Studies have highlighted a possible reduction in flexion following Metal-on-Metal Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty (MoMHRA) but failed to account for inter-subject variability and the possible etiology for this reduction. This in vivo study aims to determine whether flexion is restored following MoMHRA and identify factors that influence it.

Charnley Class A patients (n=112) that underwent MoMHRA were reviewed in a dedicated clinic assessing flexion (resurfaced and contra-lateral hips) and outcome. The difference in flexion between both hips was defined as flexion deficit (δflexion). Various patient (age, gender, BMI) and surgical (component orientation, size, head-neck-ratio, offset) factors were examined in terms of their effect on δflexion.

MoMHRA-hips had significantly reduced flexion as compared to the native hips. This flexion-deficit correlated with contra-lateral maximum flexion, component size, head-neck-ratio and component orientation.

The findings demonstrate that flexion following MoMHRA is strongly correlated to but is reduced in comparison to the native, disease-free, hip flexion. Surgical practice can minimise flexion-deficit and optimise function.
Antiplatelet therapy – ticagrelor
Authors: Katus H. A. , Giannitsis E.
Published: June 2012

Ticagrelor, a cyclopentyltriazolopyrimidine (CPTP), is the representative of a new chemical class of P2Y12 receptor inhibitors that differ from thienopyridines (ticlopidin, clopidogrel, prasugrel) as ticagrelor is not a prodrug requiring active biotransformation by cytochromes in the liver and thus is characterized by a more rapid, more effective and more consistent platelet inhibition than ticlopidin or clopidogrel. An extensive study program for dose finding and safety for AZD6140 (DISPERSE studies) and a large-scaled phase III trial (PLATO) were undertaken on more than 18 000 patients for validation of efficacy and safety. In the PLATO trial, patients presenting with the broad spectrum of ACS, i.e. unstable angina, non-STEMI or STEMI, were randomized to ticagrelor (Brilique, Brilinta) or clopidogrel within 24 hours after onset of symptoms, regardless whether they were allocated to a planned invasive or conservative treatment. Compared to clopidogrel, ticagrelor reduced rates of the primary endpoint consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal MI, or stroke, without an excess of the primary safety endpoint that was PLATO-defined major bleedings. Results from the pre-specified confirmatory subgroup of patients undergoing planned invasive treatment was consistent with PLATO main trial. In addition, the primary endpoint, as well as CV death and all cause death were consistently reduced with ticagrelor in numerous exploratory subgroups including STEMI patients, those planned for non-invasive treatment, patients undergoing CABG, patients with renal failure, and those with diabetes mellitus, although patients were pretreated before coronary angiography and patients with clopidogrel pretreatment were not excluded. Conclusions: The pharmacological properties and convincing study results of the PLATO trial have stimulated a paradigm change for dual antiplatelet therapy. The new ESC guidelines on the management of ACS without ST segment elevation recommend the use of clopidogrel only when a new antiplatelet drug, e. g. ticagrelor or prasugrel is not available or contraindicated.
Crystalline Nephropathies
Authors: Herlitz Leal C. , D'Agati Vivette D. , Markowitz Glen S.
Published: June 2012

Context.—The kidney is a favored site for crystal deposition because of the high concentration of ions and molecules reached at the level of the renal tubules in the course of filtration. This review focuses on crystalline nephropathies in 4 broad categories: (1) dysproteinemia- associated, (2) drug-induced, (3) calcium-containing, and (4) metabolic or genetic.

Objective.—To provide a framework for accurate identification of the diverse types of crystals encountered in the kidney in order to formulate an appropriate differential diagnosis and guide additional testing and treatment.

Data Sources.—Review of pertinent published literature along with practical experience gained in a high-volume renal pathology laboratory.

Conclusions.—Accurate identification of crystals encountered in the kidney is essential in detecting conditions ranging from hematologic malignancy to drug toxicity to metabolic disorders. Detailed clinical-pathologic correlation is needed to accurately diagnose the underlying cause of most crystalline nephropathies.
Small-Bowel Allograft Biopsies in the Management of Small-Intestinal and Multivisceral Transplant Recipients: Histopathologic Review and Clinical Correlations
Authors: Remotti Helen , Subramanian Sukanya , Martinez Mercedes , Kato Tomoaki , Magid Margret S.
Published: June 2012

Context.—Intestinal transplant has become a standard treatment option in the management of patients with irreversible intestinal failure. The histologic evaluation of small-bowel allograft biopsy specimens plays a central role in assessing the integrity of the graft. It is essential for the management of acute cellular and chronic rejection; detection of infections, particularly with respect to specific viruses (cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, Epstein-Barr virus); and immunosuppression-related lymphoproliferative disease.

Objective.—To provide a comprehensive review of the literature and illustrate key histologic findings in small-bowel biopsy specimen evaluation of patients with small-bowel or multivisceral transplants.

Data Sources.—Literature review using PubMed (US National Library of Medicine) and data obtained from national and international transplant registries in addition to case material at Columbia University, Presbyterian Hospital, and Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York.

Conclusions.—Key to the success of small-bowel transplantation and multivisceral transplantation are the close monitoring and appropriate clinical management of patients in the posttransplant period, requiring coordinated input from all members of the transplant team with the integration of clinical, laboratory, and histopathologic parameters.
Biological Processes that Prepare Mammalian Spermatozoa to Interact with an Egg and Fertilize It
Authors: Tulsiani Daulat R. P. , Abou-Haila Aïda
Published: June 2012

In the mouse and other mammals studied, including man, ejaculated spermatozoa cannot immediately fertilize an egg. They require a certain period of residence in the female genital tract to become functionally competent cells. As spermatozoa traverse through the female genital tract, they undergo multiple biochemical and physiological changes collectively referred to as capacitation. Only capacitated spermatozoa interact with the extracellular egg coat, the zona pellucida. The tight irreversible binding of the opposite gametes triggers a Ca2+-dependent signal transduction cascade. The net result is the fusion of the sperm plasma membrane and the underlying outer acrosomal membrane at multiple sites that causes the release of acrosomal contents at the site of sperm-egg adhesion. The hydrolytic action of the acrosomal enzymes released, along with the hyperactivated beat pattern of the bound spermatozoon, is important factor that directs the sperm to penetrate the egg coat and fertilize the egg. The sperm capacitation and the induction of the acrosomal reaction are Ca2+-dependent signaling events that have been of wide interest to reproductive biologists for over half a century. In this paper, we intend to discuss data from this and other laboratories that highlight the biological processes which prepare spermatozoa to interact with an egg and fertilize it.
Empirical and Theoretical Studies on Number Comparison: Design Parameters and Research Questions
Authors: Ballan Meltem
Published: June 2012

For well over one-hundred years, several key factors have been well established in the study of number comparison, including mental number line, numerical distance effect, and effect of sensory representation on number processing. The purpose of this article is to put some of these studies together to discuss design parameters and research questions addressed in the mental number comparison studies. Most of the studies discuss sensory representation and abstract number representation as well as degree of their interaction. In order to give the different views on a particular research question, the author classified studies under the related research questions. For example, Stroop and size congruity effect studies are addressed under this title chronologically. It was very clear that the design parameters and research question might change the interpretation of a task. It may be time to shift attention from the question of the interaction degree of sensory representation and abstract representation to a larger scope. The larger scope would be to understand the differences and similarities between different groups using a universal approach.
The Role of Chemical Biology in Drug Discovery
Authors: Pope Andrew J.
Published: June 2012

Chemical biology methods are central to the discovery of new medicines. The development of new approaches and techniques has accompanied, and been central to, major advances in understanding of disease biology and a move from pharmacology‐driven to molecular‐medicine‐based drug discovery. This article will highlight some critical contributions from chemical biology methods in the context of a high‐level overview of drug discovery as practiced currently.
Plasma cytokines in polycythemia vera: Phenotypic correlates, prognostic relevance, and comparison with myelofibrosis
Authors: Vaidya Rakhee , Gangat Naseema , Jimma Thitina , Finke Christy M. , Lasho Terra L. , Pardanani Animesh , Tefferi Ayalew
Published: June 2012

Plasma cytokine milieu is abnormal in primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and correlates with disease phenotype and prognosis. In this study, we show that several plasma cytokines are also abnormally expressed in polycythemia vera (PV; n = 65), compared to normal controls (n = 35), but with a significantly different pattern than that of PMF (n = 127). Direct phenotypic correlation in PV included levels of IL‐12 with hematocrit; IL‐1b, IL‐2, IL‐7, FGF‐b, and HGF with leukocytosis; and IFN‐α and IFN‐γ with thrombocytosis. In univariate analysis, levels of 13 cytokines (out of 30 analyzed) correlated with survival but only MIP‐1β remained significant on multivariable analysis that included the other cytokines as covariates. Increased level of MIP‐1β (P < 0.01), older age (P < 0.01), and leukocytosis (P = 0.03) maintained their association with shortened survival, on multivariable analysis. This study provides preliminary observations that warrant a larger scale study and suggests the value of plasma cytokines as prognostic biomarkers in PV. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A method to estimate the historical US air travel demand
Authors: Li Tao , Baik Hojong , Trani Antonio A.
Published: June 2012

The complete historical US air travel demand is not available to the general public. In this paper, we propose a route‐based optimization model to estimate the historical US air travel demand. We show that the distribution of estimated demand follows a logit model. An iterative solution algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization model. The route utility is designed as a function of route characteristics. A feedback‐adjustment scheme is proposed to estimate the model coefficients in the route utility function. In the numerical example, we apply our method to estimate the US air travel demand in the year 1995. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for severe, non‐calcified aortic regurgitation and narrow aortic root: Description from a case report of a new approach to potentially avoid coronary artery obstruction
Authors: Dumonteil Nicolas , Marcheix Bertrand , Lairez Olivier , Laborde Jean‐Claude
Published: June 2012

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is a possible, although off‐label, alternative to conventional aortic valve replacement for high‐surgical‐risk patients with severe, non‐calcified aortic regurgitation (AR). To date, feasibility has only been demonstrated with the Medtronic CoreValve prosthesis (MCV). This prosthesis needs the aortic sinuses to have enough width to avoid coronary obstruction. We report a case of MCV implantation for severe AR where the narrow aortic root theoretically precluded the technique. Good procedural outcome was achieved thanks to a strategy of implantation with planned positioning of the prosthesis leaflets away from the coronary arteries. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lanthanoid‐Based Ionic Liquids Incorporating the Dicyanonitrosomethanide Anion
Authors: Chesman Anthony S. R. , Yang Mei , Spiccia Nicolas D. , Deacon Glen B. , Batten Stuart R. , Mudring Anja‐Verena
Published: June 2012

A series of low‐melting‐point salts with hexakisdicyanonitrosomethanidolanthanoidate anions has been synthesised and characterised: (C2mim)3[Ln(dcnm)6] (1 Ln; 1 Ln=1 La, 1 Ce, 1 Pr, 1 Nd), (C2C1mim)3[Pr(dcnm)6] (2 Pr), (C4C1pyr)3[Ce(dcnm)6] (3 Ce), (N1114)3[Ln(dcnm)6] (4 Ln; 4 Ln=4 La, 4 Ce, 4 Pr, 4 Nd, 4 Sm, 4 Gd), and (N1112OH)3[Ce(dcnm)6] (5 Ce) (C2mim=1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium, C2C1mim=1‐ethyl‐2,3‐dimethylimidazolium, C4C1py=N‐butyl‐4‐methylpyridinium, N1114=butyltrimethylammonium, N1112OH=2‐(hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium=choline). X‐ray crystallography was used to determine the structures of complexes 1 La, 2 Pr, and 5 Ce, all of which contain [Ln(dcnm)6]3− ions. Complexes 1 Ln and 2 Pr were all ionic liquids (ILs), with complex 3 Ce melting at 38.1 °C, the lowest melting point of any known complex containing the [Ln(dcnm)6]3− trianion. The ammonium‐based cations proved to be less suitable for forming ILs, with complexes 4 Sm and 4 Gd being the only salts with the N1114 cation to have melting points below 100 °C. The choline‐containing complex 5 Ce did not melt up to 160 °C, with the increase in melting point possibly being due to extensive hydrogen bonding, which could be inferred from the crystal structure of the complex.
Enantiotropic Nematics From Cross‐Like 1,2,4,5‐Tetrakis(4′‐alkyl‐4‐ethynylbiphenyl)benzenes and Their Biaxiality Studies
Authors: Chen Hsiu‐Hui , Lin Hsing‐An , Lai Yin‐Hui , Lin Shu‐Yu , Chiang Chien‐Hung , Hsu Hsiu‐Fu , Shih Tzenge‐Lien , Lee Jey‐Jau , Lai Chien‐Chen , Kuo Ting‐Shen
Published: June 2012

The theoretically predicted optimum length/breadth/width ratio for maximizing shape biaxiality was investigated experimentally by the facile and successful synthesis of cross‐shaped compound 3, which showed enantiomeric nematic phase behavior. This cross‐like core structure could alternatively be viewed as two fused V‐shaped mesogens, which have recently immerged as a new direction in biaxial nematic research, at the bending tips that can act as a new structure for biaxial investigations. Whilst the thermal analysis data of compound 3 did not meet the expected theoretical values for biaxial nematics, surface‐induced biaxiality was evidenced by optical studies. Cluster‐size analysis within the nematic phase of compound 3 revealed the formation of meta‐cybotactic nematics, which approached the cluster sizes of cybotactic nematics. The split small‐angle 2D X‐ray diffraction patterns of magnetic‐field‐aligned samples indicated that the nematic phase was composed of small smectic C‐like clusters with the tilting of molecules within the clusters. The wide‐temperature‐range enantiomeric nematic phase of cross‐like compound 3 enabled the molecular skeleton to serve as an alternative skeleton to bent‐rod mesogens, which exhibited nematic phases with the potential competition of transitions to higher‐order liquid‐crystalline phases and crystallization, for future biaxial investigations.
A dual function of NKG2D ligands in NK‐cell activation
Authors: Cheney Elizabeth E. , Wise Erica L. , Bui Jack D. , Schreiber Robert D. , Carayannopoulos Leonidas N. , Spitzer Dirk , Zafirova Biljana , Polic Bojan , Shaw Andrey S. , Markiewicz Mary A.
Published: June 2012

NK‐cell killing requires both the expression of activating receptor ligands and low MHC class I expression by target cells. Here we demonstrate that the expression of any of the murine ligands for the NK‐cell activating receptor NKG2D results in a concomitant reduction in MHC class I expression. We show this both in tumor cell lines and in vivo. NK‐cell lysis is enhanced by the decrease in MHC class I expression, suggesting the change is biologically relevant. These results demonstrate that NKG2D ligand expression on target cells not only allows for activating receptor recognition, but also actively reduces expression of the inhibitory ligand, MHC class I, leading to enhanced recognition and killing by NK cells.
CTL recognition of HIV‐1‐infected cells via cross‐recognition of multiple overlapping peptides from a single 11‐mer Pol sequence
Authors: Hashimoto Masao , Akahoshi Tomohiro , Murakoshi Hayato , Ishizuka Naoki , Oka Shinichi , Takiguchi Masafumi
Published: June 2012

It is known that overlapping HIV‐1 peptides of different lengths can be presented by a given HLA class I molecule. However, the role of those peptides in CD8+ T cells recognition of HIV‐1‐infected cells remains unclear. Here we investigated the recognition of overlapping 8‐mer to 11‐mer peptides of Pol 155–165 by HLA‐B*54:01‐restricted CD8+ T cells. The analysis of ex vivo T cells using ELISPOT and tetramer binding assays showed that there were different patterns of CD8+ T‐cell responses to these peptides among chronically HIV‐1‐infected HLA‐B*54:01+ individuals, though the response to the 9‐mer peptide was the strongest among them. CD8+ T‐cell clones with TCRs specific for the 9‐mer, 10‐mer, and/or 11‐mer peptides effectively killed HIV‐1‐infected cells. Together, these results suggest that the 9‐mer and 10‐mer peptides could be predominantly presented by HLA‐B*54:01, though it remains possible that the 11‐mer peptide was also presented by this HLA allele. The present study demonstrates effective CD8+ T‐cell recognition of HIV‐1‐infected cells via presentation of multiple overlapping HIV‐1 peptides and cross‐recognition by the CD8+ T cells.
A Convenient Synthesis of Cyclopentadienylgallium – The Awakening of a Sleeping Beauty in Organometallic Chemistry (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 25/2011)
Authors: Schenk Christian , Köppe Ralf , Schnöckel Hansgeorg , Schnepf Andreas
Published: June 2012

The cover picture shows the molecular structure of GaCp, a sleeping beauty in organometallic chemistry. An easy synthesis of GaCp, which can be carried out with standard laboratory equipment, opens the way for GaCp to become a useful ligand in organometallic chemistry. Details of the synthesis and first structurally characterized molecular compounds exhibiting GaCp units are discussed in the Short Communication by H. Schnöckel, A. Schnepf et al. on page 3681 ff.
Identifying cancer biomarkers by mass spectrometry‐based glycomics
Authors: Mechref Yehia , Hu Yunli , Garcia Aldo , Hussein Ahmed
Published: June 2012

Correlations between aberrant glycosylation and cancer have been established for decades. The major advances in mass spectrometry (MS) and separation science have rapidly advanced detailed characterization of the changes associated with cancer development and progression. Over the past 10 years, many reports have described MS‐based glycomic methods directed toward comparing the glycomic profiles of different human specimens collected from disease‐free individuals and patients with cancers. Glycomic profiling of glycoproteins isolated from human specimens originating from disease‐free individuals and patients with cancers have also been performed. Profiling of native, labeled, and permethylated glycans has been acquired using MALDI‐MS and LC‐MS. This review focuses on describing, discussing, and evaluating the different glycomic methods employed to characterize and quantify glycomic changes associated with cancers of different organs, including breast, colon, esophagus, liver, ovarian, pancreas, and prostate.
A comparative study of LED‐induced fluorescence and laser‐induced fluorescence in SDS‐CGE: Application to the analysis of antibodies
Authors: Rodat‐Boutonnet Audrey , Naccache Pierre , Morin Arnaud , Fabre Jacques , Feurer Bernard , Couderc François
Published: June 2012

LEDs present an alternative to lasers in LIF detection with CE, resulting in LED‐induced fluorescence (LEDIF). LEDs are much less expensive, consume less energy and are more stable. In addition, LED light sources allow a greater range of wavelengths to better match the maximum wavelength for the fluorescence of the dye. Antibodies were largely studied in SDS capillary gel electrophoresis (SDS‐CGE) and LIF detection with different dyes to label the proteins. In this work, our goal is to show that LEDs can advantageously replace lasers. We used 5‐carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester (5‐TAMRA.SE), 3‐(2‐furoyl)‐quinoline‐2 carboxaldehyde (FQ), and naphthalene‐2,3‐dialdehyde (NDA) to label IgG and we compared the LIF sensitivity with that obtained from LEDIF. We measured that the LOD values of LEDIF are identical to that obtained with the wavelength equivalent laser, and for 5‐TAMRA.SE analysis, LOD values are about six times better than when the classical 488 nm laser was used.
Upper Permian reef complex in the basinal facies of the Zechstein Limestone (Ca1), western Poland
Authors: Peryt Tadeusz Marek , Raczyński Paweł , Peryt Danuta , Chłódek Krzysztof
Published: June 2012

Stromatolite and bryozoan build‐ups from the Werra Cycle (Zechstein) of the Southern Permian Basin of Europe meet all definitions given by various authors for reefs and they commonly occur at the shelf edge. In a few places, including western Poland, they are also recorded in the basinal facies. The main part of the reef is formed by fragmented bryozoan zoaria. The reef biota are a typical bryonoderm association indicating cool‐water and cold‐water environments. A characteristic feature is a large amount of fragmented skeletal remains lacking rigidity. The main part of the reefs is built of rudstones, and only stromatolitic crusts form massive constructions. Remarkable is the mechanism of the origin of clearly morphologically separated reef constructions from the remains of a relatively low potential of fossilization. Zones built of crushed remains dominate over parts representing massive constructions. The colonization of the substrate began very early, as indicated by the interbedding of breccia and bioclastic carbonates in the lowermost part of the Zechstein Limestone in some reef sections. The Zechstein Limestone reefs of western Poland abound in the hemispheroid (botryoid) aragonitic cement that is otherwise common for the Zechstein reefs. The abundance of the cement recorded in Permian reefs is interpreted as the result of an unusually high saturation state of surface seawater because of a number of factors, including prolific carbonate precipitation due to the occasional upwelling of warmer saline waters on shelf environments in the stratified Zechstein Basin. The pervasive carbonate precipitation in the reef area contrasts with a restricted carbonate precipitation in the adjoining basin where very thin sequences have accumulated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synchronous bilateral inverted papilloma of the temporal bone: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ramey Stephen J. , Russo J. Kyle , Condrey Jack M. , Coulter Benjamin , Sharma Anand K.
Published: June 2012

Background

Temporal bone inverted papilloma (IP) is an extremely rare tumor. Its etiology is unknown and represents a source of debate. Only 2 previous cases of bilateral temporal bone IP have been reported. A case report and review of the literature via PubMed database search are presented.

Mathods and Results

A 52‐year‐old African‐American man who initially underwent medial maxillectomy for right‐sided nasal IP returned with bilateral temporal bone IP 7 months later without evidence of extension through the Eustachian tubes. Despite multiple resections and adjuvant radiation, the tumor transformed into squamous cell carcinoma and progressed to involve the intracranial dura, temporal lobe, and cervical dura.

Conclusions

Multiple origins may exist for temporal IP: direct extension, iatrogenic seeding, or development from ectopic Schneiderian epithelium. Temporal bone IP appears to represent a much more aggressive tumor than its nasal counterpart, necessitating aggressive early surgical intervention to decrease recurrence and transformation risk. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
A probabilistic method for species sensitivity distributions taking into account the inherent uncertainty and variability of effects to estimate environmental risk
Authors: Gottschalk Fadri , Nowack Bernd
Published: June 2012

This article presents a method of probabilistically computing species sensitivity distributions (SSD) that is well-suited to cope with distinct data scarcity and variability. First, a probability distribution that reflects the uncertainty and variability of sensitivity is modeled for each species considered. These single species sensitivity distributions are then combined to create an SSD for a particular ecosystem. A probabilistic estimation of the risk is carried out by combining the probability of critical environmental concentrations with the probability of organisms being impacted negatively by these concentrations. To evaluate the performance of the method, we developed SSD and risk calculations for the aquatic environment exposed to triclosan. The case studies showed that the probabilistic results reflect the empirical information well, and the method provides a valuable alternative or supplement to more traditional methods for calculating SSDs based on averaging raw data and/or on using theoretical distributional forms. A comparison and evaluation with single SSD values (5th-percentile [HC5]) revealed the robustness of the proposed method. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013; 9: 79–86. © 2012 SETAC
Electropolymerization of Acid Chrome Blue K on Glassy Carbon Electrode for the Determination of Curcumin
Authors: Peng Jinyun , Nong Keliang , Cen Lingping
Published: June 2012

Acid chrome blue K (ACBK) was electropolymerized on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by cyclic voltammetric sweep in the potential range from –0.2 to 0.9 V. The characteristic of poly‐ACBK film was studied by different methods such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry. This modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic response to curcumin with the increase of the electrochemical responses. Under the optimal conditions a good linear voltammetric response could be obtained over the range of 1.0 × 10−7‐7.0 × 10−5 M and the detection limit was got as 4.1 × 10−8 M (S/N = 3). The method was successfully applied for the determination of curcumin in human urinev samples.
Effects of compost on the chemical composition of SOM in density and aggregate fractions from rice–wheat cropping systems as shown by solid‐state 13C‐NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Qiujun , Zhang Li , Zhang Jianchao , Shen Qirong , Ran Wei , Huang Qiwei
Published: June 2012

The 4‐year application of pig‐manure compost (PMC) to crop fields in Jiangsu significantly increased organic‐C and total N concentrations compared to chemical fertilization and control treatment. To identify the soil processes that led to these changes, 13C cross‐polarization magic‐angle spinning nuclear‐magnetic resonance (13C CPMAS NMR) and dipolar‐dephasing nuclear‐magnetic‐resonance spectroscopy (DD NMR) were conducted on soil organic matter (SOM) fractions separated by wet‐sieving and density fractionation procedures. This allowed characterization of the SOM quality under three contrasting fertilizer regimes. The results indicate that PMC application can alter the distribution of functional groups and improve alkyl C‐to‐O‐alkyl C ratios compared to chemical‐fertilizer treatment (CF). Alkyl C contents were increased from macroaggregate fractions (> 2 mm) to microaggregate fractions (0.05–0.25 mm) for all treatments, suggesting that recalcitrant material accumulates in the microaggregate fractions. The O‐alkyl C contents were decreased from macroaggregate fractions (> 2 mm) to microaggregate fractions (0.05–0.25 mm) under CF and PMC treatments, while no consistent trend was found for the control (NF) treatment. The alkyl C‐to‐O‐alkyl C ratios in macroaggregates were lower than those in microaggregates, indicating that the degrees of SOM decomposition were lower in macroaggregates compared to microaggregates. In all aggregate‐size classes, the amount of organic matter appeared to depend on the fertilization regime. This study provides useful information regarding the buildup of organic material in soil from long‐term manure‐compost enrichment.
Raman and FTIR spectroscopy applied to the conservation report of paleontological collections: identification of Raman and FTIR signatures of several iron sulfate species such as ferrinatrite and sideronatrite
Authors: Rouchon Véronique , Badet Hugues , Belhadj Oulfa , Bonnerot Olivier , Lavédrine Bertrand , Michard Jean‐Guy , Miska Serge
Published: June 2012

Fossil materials that contain iron sulfide are well known for their instability when exposed to oxygen and humidity. This term however combines a great variety of materials showing different types of damages. Most of them consist of crystal efflorescence appearing on the surface and inside the matrix. In this work, a methodology was determined for the analysis of these damages by the use of Raman and infrared spectroscopy. The infrared and Raman signatures of a large set of iron sulfates were characterized. Specific attention was paid to sideronatrite and ferrinatrite, which are two associated sodium/iron(III) sulfates, and their infrared and Raman bands were partially assigned. Analysis performed on a selection of 11 damaged fossils showed a great variety of degradation products: besides one case that appeared to be a synthetic resin close to polyvinylchloride acetate, which was applied with a brush on the fossil surface, all degradation products belong to the sulfate group. However, many iron‐free sulfates, such as gypsum, halotrichite, epsomite, or pentahydrite were found, often in association with iron sulfates. In one case, despite the presence of iron in the matrix, no iron sulfate could be detected. This shows that the term ‘pyritic fossil’, commonly used by collection managers, is not appropriate as it oversimplifies the reality. A name such as ‘sulfide‐containing fossil’ would be more suitable. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.