bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling Maintenance of Long-Term Potentiation in Clustered Synapses: Long-Term Memory without Bistability
Authors: Smolen Paul
Published: April 2015

Memories are stored, at least partly, as patterns of strong synapses. Given molecular turnover, how can synapses maintain strong for the years that memories can persist? Some models postulate that biochemical bistability maintains strong synapses. However, bistability should give a bimodal distribution of synaptic strength or weight, whereas current data show unimodal distributions for weights and for a correlated variable, dendritic spine volume. Thus it is important for models to simulate both unimodal distributions and long-term memory persistence. Here a model is developed that connects ongoing, competing processes of synaptic growth and weakening to stochastic processes of receptor insertion and removal in dendritic spines. The model simulates long-term (>1 yr) persistence of groups of strong synapses. A unimodal weight distribution results. For stability of this distribution it proved essential to incorporate resource competition between synapses organized into small clusters. With competition, these clusters are stable for years. These simulations concur with recent data to support the “clustered plasticity hypothesis” which suggests clusters, rather than single synaptic contacts, may be a fundamental unit for storage of long-term memory. The model makes empirical predictions and may provide a framework to investigate mechanisms maintaining the balance between synaptic plasticity and stability of memory.
Performance Analysis of the Multiband Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Ultra-Wideband Systems for Multipath Fading and Multiuser Interference Channels
Authors: Ouyang Yuan , Lin Wen-Piao , Liu Chuan-Chih
Published: April 2015

This paper presents the performance analysis of the multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) ultra-wideband (UWB) systems for multipath fading and multiuser interference channels. A closed form approximation of the BER performance of the MB-OFDM UWB system with multiple interferences is proposed. Based on the derived approximation, the effects on the BER performance for the choice of the codeword constraint lengths of the convolutional encoder, the length of the cyclic prefix, and the multiuser environments of two or more interferers are thoroughly discussed. Four UWB multipath fading channels are also investigated for the BER performance of the MB-OFDM UWB system. The simulated results provide us with useful information to appropriately choose the parameters of the MB-OFDM UWB system for the sake of achieving the BER performance that conforms to requirement of the FCC standards.
MIMO Detection for High Order QAM by Canonical Dual Approach
Authors: Tian Ye , Dang Jr-Fong
Published: April 2015

We develop a canonical dual approach for solving the MIMO problem. First, a special linear transformation is introduced to reformulate the original problem into a{−1,1}constrained quadratic programming problem. Then, we derive a canonical dual problem which is piecewise continuous problem with no duality gap. Under certain conditions, the canonical problem becomes a concave maximization dual problem over a convex feasible domain. By getting the stationary point of the canonical dual problem, we can find either an optimal or approximate solution of the original problem. A gradient decent algorithm is proposed to solve the MIMO problem and simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
A Unified Definition of Mutual Information with Applications in Machine Learning
Authors: Zeng Guoping
Published: April 2015

There are various definitions of mutual information. Essentially, these definitions can be divided into two classes: (1) definitions with random variables and (2) definitions with ensembles. However, there are some mathematical flaws in these definitions. For instance, Class 1 definitions either neglect the probability spaces or assume the two random variables have the same probability space. Class 2 definitions redefine marginal probabilities from the joint probabilities. In fact, the marginal probabilities are given from the ensembles and should not be redefined from the joint probabilities. Both Class 1 and Class 2 definitions assume a joint distribution exists. Yet, they all ignore an important fact that the joint or the joint probability measure is not unique. In this paper, we first present a new unified definition of mutual information to cover all the various definitions and to fix their mathematical flaws. Our idea is to define the joint distribution of two random variables by taking the marginal probabilities into consideration. Next, we establish some properties of the newly defined mutual information. We then propose a method to calculate mutual information in machine learning. Finally, we apply our newly defined mutual information to credit scoring.
Educational Effectiveness, Target, and Content for Prudent Antibiotic Use
Authors: Lee Chang-Ro , Lee Jung Hun , Kang Lin-Woo , Jeong Byeong Chul , Lee Sang Hee
Published: April 2015

Widespread antimicrobial use and concomitant resistance have led to a significant threat to public health. Because inappropriate use and overuse of antibiotics based on insufficient knowledge are one of the major drivers of antibiotic resistance, education about prudent antibiotic use aimed at both the prescribers and the public is important. This review investigates recent studies on the effect of interventions for promoting prudent antibiotics prescribing. Up to now, most educational efforts have been targeted to medical professionals, and many studies showed that these educational efforts are significantly effective in reducing antibiotic prescribing. Recently, the development of educational programs to reduce antibiotic use is expanding into other groups, such as the adult public and children. The investigation of the contents of educational programs for prescribers and the public demonstrates that it is important to develop effective educational programs suitable for each group. In particular, it seems now to be crucial to develop appropriate curricula for teaching medical and nonmedical (pharmacy, dentistry, nursing, veterinary medicine, and midwifery) undergraduate students about general medicine, microbial virulence, mechanism of antibiotic resistance, and judicious antibiotic prescribing.
Vertical Graphene Nanosheets Coated with Gold Nanoparticle Arrays: Effect of Interparticle Spacing on Optical Response
Authors: Mcleod Angus , Kumar Shailesh , Vernon Kristy C. , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: April 2015

Vertical graphene nanosheets have advantages over their horizontal counterparts, primarily due to the larger surface area available in the vertical systems. Vertical sheets can accommodate more functional particles, and, due to the conduction and optical properties of thin graphene, these structures can find niche applications in the development of sensing and energy storage devices. This work is a combined experimental and theoretical study that reports on the synthesis and optical responses of vertical sheets decorated with gold nanoparticles. The findings help in interpreting optical responses of these hybrid graphene structures and are relevant to the development of future sensing platforms.
Evaluation of the Ribosomal Protein S1 Gene (rpsA) as a Novel Biomarker forMycobacteriumSpecies Identification
Authors: Duan Hongfei , Liu Guan , Wang Xiaobo , Fu Yuhong , Liang Qian , Shang Yuanyuan , Chu Naihui , Huang Hairong
Published: April 2015

Objectives. To evaluate the resolution and reliability of therpsAgene, encoding ribosomal protein S1, as a novel biomarker for mycobacteria species identification.Methods. A segment of therpsAgene (565 bp) was amplified by PCR from 42 mycobacterial reference strains, 172 nontuberculosis mycobacteria clinical isolates, and 16M. tuberculosiscomplex clinical isolates. The PCR products were sequenced and aligned by using the multiple alignment algorithm in the MegAlign package (DNASTAR) and the MEGA program. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method.Results. Comparative sequence analysis of therpsAgene provided the basis for species differentiation within the genusMycobacterium. Slow- and rapid-growing groups of mycobacteria were clearly separated, and each mycobacterial species was differentiated as a distinct entity in the phylogenetic tree. The sequences discrepancy was obvious betweenM. kansasiiandM. gastri, M. chelonaeandM. abscessus, M. aviumandM. intracellulare, andM. szulgaiandM. malmoense, which cannot be achieved by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) homologue genes comparison. 183 of the 188 (97.3%) clinical isolates, consisting of 8 mycobacterial species, were identified correctly byrpsAgene blast.Conclusions. Our study indicates thatrpsAsequencing can be used effectively for mycobacteria species identification as a supplement to 16S rDNA sequence analysis.
Role of Gut Barrier Function in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Dai Xin , Wang Bangmao
Published: April 2015

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common forms of chronic liver disease, and its incidence is increasing year by year. Many efforts have been made to investigate the pathogenesis of this disease. Since 1998 when Marshall proposed the conception of “gut-liver axis,” more and more researchers have paid close attention to the role of gut barrier function in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The four aspects of gut barrier function, including physical, chemical, biological, and immunological barriers, are interrelated closely and related to NAFLD. In this paper, we present a summary of research findings on the relationship between gut barrier dysfunction and the development of NAFLD, aiming at illustrating the role of gut barrier function in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Incidental Finding of a Homozygous p.M348K Asymptomatic Italian Patient Confirms the Many Faces of Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Molinario Rossana , Palumbo Sara , Concolino Paola , Rocchetti Sandro , Rizza Roberta , Scaglione Giovanni Luca , Minucci Angelo , Capoluongo Ettore
Published: April 2015

Cystic fibrosis (CF; OMIM number 219700) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in theCFTR(cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene, which results in abnormal viscous mucoid secretions in multiple organs and whose main clinical features are pancreatic insufficiency, chronic endobronchial infection, and male infertility. We report the case of a 47-year-old apparently normal male resulting in homozygosity for the mutation p.M348K from nonconsanguineous parents. The proband was screened using a standard panel of 70 different tested on NanoChip 400 platform. The massive parallel pyrosequencing on 454 JS machine allowed the second level analysis. The patient was firstly screened with two different platforms available in our laboratory, obtaining an ambiguous signal for the p.R347P mutation. For this reason we decided to clarify the discordant result ofCFTRstatus by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) using 454 Junior instrument. The patient is resulted no carrier of the p.R347P mutation, but NGS highlighted a homozygous substitution from T>A at position 1043 in the coding region, causing an amino acid substitution from methionine to lysine (p.M348K). Casual finding of p.M348K homozygote mutation in an individual, without any feature of classical or nonclassical CF form, allowed us to confirm that p.M348K is a benign rare polymorphism.
Estimation of Sidelobe Level Variations of Phased Codes in Presence of Random Interference for Bistatic Wideband Noise Radar
Authors: Alejos Ana Vazquez , Dawood Muhammad , Mohammed Habeeb Ur-Rahman
Published: April 2015

We discuss the importance of using the sidelobe level of the cross-correlation function as a criterion to implement a noise radar based on the transmission of wideband binary waveforms. Theoretical expressions are introduced for the parameters Peak-Sidelobe, Secondary-Sidelobe, and Integrated-Sidelobe levels for both Golay and pseudorandom binary sequences in presence of additive white Gaussian noise, relating the sequence lengthMto the spectral powerN0of the interfering noise. These expressions offer a valuable method for adaptive radar waveform design in order to determine sequence requirements which allow facing the noise present in the frequency band of interest. We also show a comparison of the ambiguity functions for Golay and PRBS sequences to analyze their performance in terms of Doppler and range accuracy. We describe a practical implementation of a pseudonoise waveform-based bistatic radar with reduced sidelobe level due to the use of Golay codes in combination with single side band modulation and operation at UHF band. Experimental measurements were performed in actual scenarios for ranging test of single and double targets. Linear polarizations were combined with different length sequences to determine their influence on the sounder performance under field test conditions.
A Left-Sided Prevalence of Lentigo Maligna: A UK Based Observational Study and Review of the Evidence
Authors: Gorman Mark , Hart Andrew , Mathew Bipin
Published: April 2015

Skin cancer has been shown to present asymmetrically, prevalent on the left side of the body, more so in subtypes of cutaneous melanoma such as lentigo maligna. Biases have been linked to cumulative UV light exposure and automobile driving patterns. Though left-right ratios have previously correlated with the side men or women tend to position themselves or countries drive on, more recent trends indicate a consistent left-sided bias. To clarify reasons for changing trends, a review of the evidence base and LM’s laterality in a UK cohort (99 cases 2000–2011) was conducted for the first time. The strong correlation of left-sided excess, found in both genders (ratios 1.381–1.5,P<0.05  X20.841), is congruent with more recent findings. Though evidence indicates that driving position is no longer a risk factor for LM, due most likely to improved car window UV protection, it remains the most commonly attributed cause. Understanding phenomena such as UV lights “scatter effect” or that cumulative exposure may not be a significant risk factor helps rationalize older conclusions that would otherwise appear contradictory. The reasons for left-sided excess remain unclear but may be due to factors requiring further research such as the body’s anatomical/embryological asymmetry.
RecurrentC. difficilein a Patient with IgG Deficiency
Authors: Jehangir Asad , Bennett Kyle , Fareedy Shoaib Bilal , Rettew Andrew , Shaikh Bilal , Qureshi Anam , Jehangir Qasim , Alweis Richard
Published: April 2015

IgG deficiency can predispose to recurrent pyogenic infections. The association of IgG deficiency withClostridium difficileinfection has been infrequently reported in the literature. We present a case of a middle-age woman with multiple hospitalizations for recurrentC. difficilein a short span of time which prompted consideration of a possible fecal transplant. On evaluation, she was found to have low total IgG, with subclass analysis revealing low IgG1 and IgG3. She was started on monthly infusions of immunoglobulins and one year after her last episode ofC. difficileshe has not had any recurrence. The role of immunoglobulin infusion in the treatment of recurrentC. difficileis controversial, with some studies revealing no clear evidence of benefit. Our case report suggests that the patients who have underlying IgG deficiency may benefit from immunoglobulin, as this can significantly reduce the incidence of recurrent infections and hence save the healthcare costs.
On the Stochastic Stability and Boundedness of Solutions for Stochastic Delay Differential Equation of the Second Order
Authors: Abou-El-Ela A. M. A. , Sadek A. I. , Mahmoud A. M. , Taie R. O. A.
Published: April 2015

We present two qualitative results concerning the solutions of the following equation: ; the first result covers the stochastic asymptotic stability of the zero solution for the above equation in case p ≡ 0, while the second one discusses the uniform stochastic boundedness of all solutions in case p≢0. Sufficient conditions for the stability and boundedness of solutions for the considered equation are obtained by constructing a Lyapunov functional. Two examples are also discussed to illustrate the efficiency of the obtained results.
Relationship between Cognitive Performance and Motor Dysfunction in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Varalta Valentina , Picelli Alessandro , Fonte Cristina , Amato Stefania , Melotti Camilla , Zatezalo Vanja , Saltuari Leopold , Smania Nicola
Published: April 2015

The aim of this pilot cross-sectional study was to extensively investigate the relationships between cognitive performance and motor dysfunction involving balance and gait ability in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Twenty subjects with Parkinson’s disease underwent a cognitive (outcomes: Frontal Assessment Battery-Italian version, Montreal overall Cognitive Assessment, Trail Making Test, Semantic Verbal Fluency Test, and Memory with Interference Test) and motor (outcomes: Berg Balance Scale, 10-Meter Walking Test, 6-Minute Walking Test, Timed Up and Go Test performed also under dual task condition, and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale) assessment. Our correlation analyses showed that balance skills are significantly correlated with executive functions, cognitive impairment, and ability to switch attention between two tasks. Furthermore, functional mobility showed a significant correlation with cognitive impairment, verbal fluency, and ability to switch attention between two tasks. In addition, the functional mobility evaluated under the dual task condition showed a significant correlation with cognitive impairment and ability to switch attention between two tasks. These findings might help early identification of cognitive deficits or motor dysfunctions in patients with Parkinson’s disease who may benefit from rehabilitative strategies. Future prospective larger-scale studies are needed to strengthen our results.
An Entropy Model of Credit Risk Contagion in the CRT Market
Authors: Chen Tingqiang , Chen Ying , Li Xindan , Wang Jining
Published: April 2015

This paper reports the effect of the change in the credit status of debtors on investors as a result of the banks’ transferring of credit risk to investors in the credit risk transfer (CRT) market. Thus, an entropy spatial model is introduced, in which the spatial distance and nonlinear coupling between the banks and the investors, the transfer ability of credit risk of banks, and investor appetite for risk in the CRT network are considered. The contagion effects of the credit default of debtor on the default rates of investors in the CRT market are investigated using numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis.
Analysis and Synthesis of Global Nonlinear H∞ Controller for Robot Manipulators
Authors: Chavez Guzmán Carlos Alberto , Aguilar Bustos Luis Tupak , Mérida Rubio Jován Oseas
Published: April 2015

The H∞ regulation problem for robot manipulators using gravitational force compensation or precompensation has been solved locally while global asymptotical stability (or global stability) has been demonstrated using other methodologies. A solution to the global nonlinear H∞ regulation problem for l-degrees-of-freedom (l-DOF) robot manipulators, affected by external disturbances, is presented. We showed that the Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs (HJI) inequality, inherited in the solution of the H∞ control problem, is satisfied by defining a strict Lyapunov function. The performance issues of the nonlinear H∞ regulator are illustrated in experimental and simulation studies made for a 3-DOF rigid links robot manipulator.
Antiresistin RNA Oligonucleotide Ameliorates Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice through Attenuating Proinflammatory Cytokines
Authors: Tan Yi , Jin Xing Liang , Lao Weiguo , Kim Jane , Xiao Linda , Qu Xianqin
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to determine whether inhibition of resistin by a synthetic antiresistin RNA (oligonucleotide) oligo ameliorates metabolic and histological abnormalities in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. The antiresistin RNA oligo and a scrambled control oligo (25 mg/kg of body weight) were i.p. injected to HFD mice. Serum metabolic parameters and hepatic enzymes were measured after 4-week treatment. The treatment significantly reduced epididymal fat and attenuated the elevated serum resistin, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin with an improved glucose tolerance test. Antiresistin RNA oligo also normalized serum AST and ALT levels with improved pathohistology of NAFLD. Immunoblotting and qRT-PCR revealed that decreased protein and mRNA expression of resistin in fat and liver tissues of the treated mice were associated with reduction of adipose TNF-αand IL-6 expression and secretion into circulation. mRNA and protein expression of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) were also significantly decreased in the treated mice. Our results suggest that resistin may exacerbate NAFLD in metabolic syndrome through upregulating inflammatory cytokines and hepatic PEPCK and SREBP-1c. Antiresistin RNA oligo ameliorated metabolic abnormalities and histopathology of NAFLD through attenuating proinflammatory cytokines.
Hybrid Ontology for Semantic Information Retrieval Model Using Keyword Matching Indexing System
Authors: Uthayan K. R. , Anandha Mala G. S.
Published: April 2015

Ontology is the process of growth and elucidation of concepts of an information domain being common for a group of users. Establishing ontology into information retrieval is a normal method to develop searching effects of relevant information users require. Keywords matching process with historical or information domain is significant in recent calculations for assisting the best match for specific input queries. This research presents a better querying mechanism for information retrieval which integrates the ontology queries with keyword search. The ontology‐based query is changed into a primary order to predicate logic uncertainty which is used for routing the query to the appropriate servers. Matching algorithms characterize warm area of researches in computer science and artificial intelligence. In text matching, it is more dependable to study semantics model and query for conditions of semantic matching. This research develops the semantic matching results between input queries and information in ontology field. The contributed algorithm is a hybrid method that is based on matching extracted instances from the queries and information field. The queries and information domain is focused on semantic matching, to discover the best match and to progress the executive process. In conclusion, the hybrid ontology in semantic web is sufficient to retrieve the documents when compared to standard ontology.
Endovascular Treatment of Posttraumatic Pseudoaneurysm of the Common Carotid Artery
Authors: Rojas Diego , Stefanov Stefan , Riera del Moral Luis , Álvarez Jesús , Riera de Cubas Luis
Published: April 2015

Carotid artery injuries with pseudoaneurysm are uncommon but associated with central neurologic dysfunction. We present a case of posttraumatic pseudoaneurysm of the right common carotid artery treated by implantation of a covered stent. A 44-year-old woman with multiple injuries after fall from height presents a small dissection flap of the right common carotid artery (RCCA) on the initial computed tomography angiography (CTA). Fifteen days later a 10 mm pseudoaneurysm is observed on control CTA. We decided endovascular treatment. Through right femoral access with a long introducer sheath placed in the innominate artery, we implanted a covered stent Advanta V129×38 mm in the RCCA. The patient was discharged from the hospital with antiplatelet therapy without any neurological dysfunction and complete exclusion of the pseudoaneurysm. Use of covered stents has emerged as a safe and effective alternative to surgical repair of carotid injuries.
Multiple Sclerosis in Older Adults: The Clinical Profile and Impact of Interferon Beta Treatment
Authors: Shirani Afsaneh , Zhao Yinshan , Petkau John , Gustafson Paul , Karim Mohammad Ehsanul , Evans Charity , Kingwell Elaine , van der Kop Mia L. , Oger Joel , Tremlett Helen
Published: April 2015

Background. We examined (1) patient characteristics and disease-modifying drug (DMD) exposure in late-onset (LOMS, ≥50 years at symptom onset) versus adult-onset (AOMS, 18–<50 years) MS and (2) the association between interferon-beta (IFNβ) and disability progression in older relapsing-onset MS adults (≥50 years).Methods. This retrospective study (1980–2004, British Columbia, Canada) included 358 LOMS and 5627 AOMS patients. IFNβ-treated relapsing-onset MS patients aged ≥50 (regardless of onset age, 90) were compared with 171 contemporary and 106 historical controls. Times to EDSS 6 from onset and from IFNβeligibility were examined using survival analyses.Results. LOMS patients (6%) were more likely to be male, with motor onset and a primary-progressive course, and exhibit faster progression and were less likely to take DMDs. Nonetheless, 57% were relapsing-onset, of which 31% were prescribed DMDs, most commonly IFNβ. Among older relapsing-onset MS adults, no significant association between IFNβexposure and disability progression was found when either the contemporary (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.18–1.22) or historical controls (HR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.20–1.42) were considered.Conclusion. LOMS differed clinically from AOMS. One-third of older relapsing-onset MS patients were prescribed a DMD. IFNβexposure was not significantly associated with reduced disability in older MS patients.
Dual Function of Wnt Signaling during Neuronal Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Kim Hanjun , Kim Sewoon , Song Yonghee , Kim Wantae , Ying Qi-Long , Jho Eek-hoon
Published: April 2015

Activation of Wnt signaling enhances self-renewal of mouse embryonic and neural stem/progenitor cells. In contrast, undifferentiated ES cells show a very low level of endogenous Wnt signaling, and ectopic activation of Wnt signaling has been shown to block neuronal differentiation. Therefore, it remains unclear whether or not endogenous Wnt/β-catenin signaling is necessary for self-renewal or neuronal differentiation of ES cells. To investigate this, we examined the expression profiles of Wnt signaling components. Expression levels of Wnts known to induceβ-catenin were very low in undifferentiated ES cells. Stable ES cell lines which can monitor endogenous activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling suggest that Wnt signaling was very low in undifferentiated ES cells, whereas it increased during embryonic body formation or neuronal differentiation. Interestingly, application of small molecules which can positively (BIO, GSK3βinhibitor) or negatively (IWR-1-endo, Axin stabilizer) control Wnt/β-catenin signaling suggests that activation of that signaling at different time periods had differential effects on neuronal differentiation of 46C ES cells. Further, ChIP analysis suggested thatβ-catenin/TCF1 complex directly regulated the expression ofSox1during neuronal differentiation. Overall, our data suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays differential roles at different time points of neuronal differentiation.
Chaotic Secure Communication Systems with an Adaptive State Observer
Authors: Chang Wei-Der , Shih Shun-Peng , Chen Chih-Yung
Published: April 2015

This paper develops a new digital communication scheme based on using a unified chaotic system and an adaptive state observer. The proposed communication system basically consists of five important elements: signal modulation, chaotic encryption, adaptive state observer, chaotic decryption, and signal demodulation. A sequence of digital signals will be delivered from the transmitter to the receiver through a public channel. It is rather reasonable that if the number of signals delivered on the public channel is fewer, then the security of such communication system is more guaranteed. Therefore, in order to achieve this purpose, a state observer will be designed and its function is to estimate full system states only by using the system output signals. In this way, the signals delivered on the public channel can be reduced mostly. According to these estimated state signals, the original digital sequences are then retrieved completely. Finally, experiment results are provided to verify the applicability of the proposed communication system.
Formation Mechanism of Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Stones: A Component Analysis of Urinary Nanocrystallites
Authors: Sun Xin-Yuan , Ouyang Jian-Ming , Wang Feng-Xin , Xie Yu-Shan
Published: April 2015

The components of urinary nanocrystallites in patients with magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) stones were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectrometer, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), fast Fourier transformation (FFT), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). The main components of the stones were MAP hexahydrate (MAP·6H2O), magnesium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate (MgHPO4·3H2O), and a small amount of calcium phosphate (CaP), while the main components of urinary nanocrystallites were MgHPO4·3H2O, CaP, and MAP monohydrate (MAP·H2O). MAP·H2O induced the formation of MAP stones as seed crystals. MgHPO4·3H2O was accompanied by the appearance of MAP·6H2O. The formation mechanism of MAP stones and influencing factors were discussed on the basis of the components of urine nanocrystallites. A model diagram of MAP stone formation was also put forward based on the results. Formation of MAP stones was closely related to the presence of high amounts of MAP crystallites in urine. Urinary crystallite condition and changes in urine components could indicate the activity of stone diseases.
Perinatal Outcomes in HIV Positive Pregnant Women with Concomitant Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Burnett Erin , Loucks Tammy L. , Lindsay Michael
Published: April 2015

Objective. To evaluate whether HIV infected pregnant women with concomitant sexually transmitted infection (STIs) are at increased risk of adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes.Methods. We conducted a cohort study of HIV positive women who delivered at an inner-city hospital in Atlanta, Georgia, from 2003 to 2013. Demographics, presence of concomitant STIs, prenatal care information, and maternal and neonatal outcomes were collected. The outcomes examined were the association of the presence of concomitant STIs on the risk of preterm birth (PTB), postpartum hemorrhage, chorioamnionitis, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, small for gestational age, low Apgar scores, and neonatal intensive care admission. Multiple logistic regression was performed to adjust for potential confounders.Results. HIV positive pregnant women with concomitant STIs had an increased risk of spontaneous PTB (odds ratio (OR) 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–3.97). After adjusting for a history of preterm birth, maternal age, and low CD4+ count at prenatal care entry the association between concomitant STIs and spontaneous PTB persisted (adjusted OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.01–3.78).Conclusions. HIV infected pregnant women with concomitant STIs relative to HIV positive pregnant women without a concomitant STI are at increased risk of spontaneous PTB.
Gender‐Specific Association of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Arab Population
Authors: Khadir Abdelkrim , Tiss Ali , Kavalakatt Sina , Behbehani Kazem , Dehbi Mohammed , Elkum Naser
Published: April 2015

Background. The impact of gender difference on the association between metabolic stress and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. We have investigated, for the first time, the gender effect on the oxidative and inflammatory stress responses and assessed their correlation with classical cardiometabolites in Arab population. Methods. A total of 378 adult Arab participants (193 females) were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Plasma levels of CRP, IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α, ROS, TBARs, and PON1 were measured and correlated with anthropometric and cardiometabolite parameters of the study population. Results. Compared to females, males had significantly higher FBG, HbA1c, TG, and blood pressure but lower BMI, TC, and HDL (P < 0.05). After adjustment for BMI and WC, females had higher levels of ROS, TBARS, and CRP (P < 0.001) whereas males had increased levels of IL‐8, IL‐6, and TNF‐α (P < 0.05). Moreover, after adjustment for age, BMI, and gender, the levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, and ROS were associated with central obesity but not general obesity. Conclusion. Inflammation and oxidative stress contribution to CVD risk in Arab population linked to gender and this risk is better reflected by central obesity. Arab females might be at risk of CVD complications due to increased oxidative stress.
Mixture of Inverse Weibull and Lognormal Distributions: Properties, Estimation, and Illustration
Authors: Sultan K. S. , Al-Moisheer A. S.
Published: April 2015

We discuss the two-component mixture of the inverse Weibull and lognormal distributions (MIWLND) as a lifetime model. First, we discuss the properties of the proposed model including the reliability and hazard functions. Next, we discuss the estimation of model parameters by using the maximum likelihood method (MLEs). We also derive expressions for the elements of the Fisher information matrix. Next, we demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed model by fitting it to a real data set. Finally, we draw some concluding remarks.
Distributed Sensor Fusion for Wire Fault Location Using Sensor Clustering Strategy
Authors: Ben Hassen Wafa , Auzanneau Fabrice , Incarbone Luca , Pérès François , Tchangani Ayeley P.
Published: April 2015

From reflectometry methods, this work aims at locating accurately electrical faults in complex wiring networks. Increasing demand for online diagnosis has imposed serious challenges on interference mitigation. In particular, diagnosis has to be carried out while the target system is operating. The interference becomes more even critical in the case of complex networks where distributed sensors inject their signals simultaneously. The objective of this paper is to develop a new embedded diagnosis strategy in complex wired networks that would resolve interference problems and eliminate ambiguities related to fault location. To do so, OMTDR (Orthogonal Multi-tone Time Domain Reflectometry) method is used. For better coverage of the network, communication between sensors is integrated using the transmitted part of the OMTDR signal. It enables data control and transmission for fusion to facilitate fault location. In order to overcome degradation of diagnosis reliability and communication quality, we propose a new sensor clustering strategy based on network topology in terms of distance and number of junctions. Based on CAN bus network, we prove that data fusion using sensor clustering strategy permits to improve the diagnosis performance.
Noether Theorem for Nonholonomic Systems with Time Delay
Authors: Jin Shi-Xin , Zhang Yi
Published: April 2015

The paper focuses on studying the Noether theorem for nonholonomic systems with time delay. Firstly, the differential equations of motion for nonholonomic systems with time delay are established, which is based on the Hamilton principle with time delay and the Lagrange multiplier rules. Secondly, based upon the generalized quasi-symmetric transformations for nonconservative systems with time delay, the Noether theorem for corresponding holonomic systems is given. Finally, we obtain the Noether theorem for the nonholonomic nonconservative systems with time delay. At the end of the paper, an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.
Comparison of United States and Canadian Glaucoma Medication Costs and Price Change from 2006 to 2013
Authors: Schlenker Matthew B. , Trope Graham E. , Buys Yvonne M.
Published: April 2015

Objective. Compare glaucoma medication costs between the United States (USA) and Canada.Methods. We modelled glaucoma brand name and generic medication annual costs in the USA and Canada based on October 2013 Costco prices and previously reported bottle overfill rates, drops per mL, and wastage adjustment. We also calculated real wholesale price changes from 2006 to 2013 based on the Average Wholesale Price (USA) and the Ontario Drug Benefit Price (Canada).Results. US brand name medication costs were on average 4x more than Canadian medication costs (range: 1.9x–6.9x), averaging a cost difference of $859 annually. US generic costs were on average the same as Canadian costs, though variation exists. US brand name wholesale prices increased from 2006 to 2013 more than Canadian prices (US range: 29%–349%; Canadian range: 9%–16%). US generic wholesale prices increased modestly (US range: −23%–58%), and Canadian wholesale prices decreased (Canadian range: −38%–0%).Conclusions. US brand name glaucoma medications are more expensive than Canadian medications, though generic costs are similar (with some variation). The real prices of brand name medications increased more in the USA than in Canada. Generic price changes were more modest, with real prices actually decreasing in Canada.
Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Chronic Kidney Disease: State of Current Research and Clinical Applicability
Authors: D’Marco Luis , Bellasi Antonio , Raggi Paolo
Published: April 2015

The high incidence of cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease (CKD) warrants an accurate evaluation of risk aimed at reducing the burden of disease and its consequences. The use of biomarkers to identify patients at high risk has been in use in the general population for several decades and has received mixed reactions in the medical community. Some practitioners have become staunch supporters and users while others doubt the utility of biomarkers and rarely measure them. In CKD patients numerous markers similar to those used in the general population and others more specific to the uremic population have emerged; however their utility for routine clinical application remains to be fully elucidated. The reproducibility and standardization of the serum assays are serious limitations to the broad implementation of these tests. The lack of focused research and validation in randomized trials rather thanad hocmeasurement of multiple serum markers in observational studies is also cause for concern related to the clinical applicability of these markers. We review the current literature on biomarkers that may have a relevant role in field of nephrology.
Ewing’s Sarcoma of the Kidney Complicated by a Wunderlich Syndrome
Authors: Manescu Mihai Razvan , Sahyoun Achraf , Froment Nicolas , Crisan Nicolae , Girot Vincent
Published: April 2015

The Wunderlich syndrome found after the rupture of primitive renal Ewing’s sarcoma is not a situation that we find often in everyday practice. The clinical findings are not specific, which is why the differential diagnosis must be made with a multitude of benign and malignant renal masses until the correct diagnosis can be made by the pathologist. The CT and MRI images are not characteristic. One treatment option is the multidisciplinary approach; however, the prognosis remains poor for patients with metastatic disease.
Unexpected Anal Squamous Cells Carcinoma after Open Hemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Luca Navarra , Valentina Abruzzese , Federico Sista , Renato Pietroletti
Published: April 2015

We report a case of unexpected anal squamous cells carcinoma found in hemorrhoidectomy specimen. The patient had a 3-year history of prolapsing hemorrhoids. A prolapsing hemorrhoid was present at eleven o’clock in lithotomy. Milligan-Morgan was performed and gross examination of the specimen was unremarkable. Histopathologic evaluation showed noninvasive squamous cells carcinoma. The present case report evidences the opportunity of routine histopathologic analysis of hemorrhoidal specimens particularly in case of long-standing prolapse. Questions arise in the option of those techniques where no specimens are collected or tissue is excised far from deceased area.
The Time DiscontinuousH1-Galerkin Mixed Finite Element Method for Linear Sobolev Equations
Authors: Yu Hong , Sun Tongjun , Li Na
Published: April 2015

We combine theH1-Galerkin mixed finite element method with the time discontinuous Galerkin method to approximate linear Sobolev equations. The advantages of these two methods are fully utilized. The approximate schemes are established to get the approximate solutions by a piecewise polynomial of degree at mostq-1with the time variable. The existence and uniqueness of the solutions are proved, and the optimalH1-norm error estimates are derived. We get high accuracy for both the space and time variables.
Concordance between Experiences of Bereaved Relatives, Physicians, and Nurses with Hospital End-of-Life Care: Everyone Has Their “Own Truth”
Authors: Witkamp F. E. , van Zuylen L. , Vergouwe Y. , van der Rijt C. C. D. , van der Heide A.
Published: April 2015

When patients die relatives and healthcare professionals may appreciate the quality of the dying phase differently, but comparisons are rare.
In a cross-sectional study (June 2009–July 2012) the experiences of bereaved relatives, physicians, and nurses concerning the quality of dying in a large Dutch university hospital were compared, and the relation to communication was explored. Measurements were concordance on the quality of dying (QOD) (0–10 scale), awareness of impending death, and end-of-life communication.
Results. Data on all three perspectives were available for 200 patients. Concordance in general was poor. Relatives’ scores for QOD (median 7; IQR 5–8) were lower than physicians and nurses’ (both median 7; IQR 6–8) (P=0.002). 48% of the relatives, 77% of the physicians, and 73% of the nurses had been aware of impending death. Physicians more often reported to have informed patients and relatives of end-of-life issues than relatives reported. When both physicians and relatives reported about such discussion, relatives’ awareness of impending death and presence at the patient’s deathbed were more likely. Conclusion. Relatives, physicians, and nurses seem to have their “own truth” about the dying phase. Professionals should put more emphasis on the collaboration with relatives and on verification of relative’s understanding.
Approximation of a Class of Incompressible Third Grade Fluids Equations
Authors: Zhu Zeqi , Li Hongxia , Fu Jianjun , Sheng Qian
Published: April 2015

This paper discusses the approximation of weak solutions for a class of incompressible third grade fluids equations. We first introduce a family of perturbed slightly compressible third grade fluids equations (depending on a positive parameterϵ) which approximate the incompressible equations asϵ→0+. Then we prove the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions for the slightly compressible equations and establish that the solutions of the slightly compressible equations converge to the solutions of the incompressible equations.
Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Subcutaneous Venous Access Device Scars: A Head-to-Head Patient Survey
Authors: Eichler C. , Najafpour M. , Sauerwald A. , Puppe J. , Warm M.
Published: April 2015

Introduction. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a product widely used in sports medicine, tissue repair, and general surgery. A recent meta-analysis showed this product to be beneficial when introduced into a wound area, be it intra-articular (i.e., joint-injections) or direct introduction onto the wound surface.Methods. Between the years of 2012 and 2014 a questionnaire evaluating surgical outcome after port (venous access device) removal was answered by 100 patients in the control group and 20 patients in a PRP group, leading to a total of 120 patients in this single center, retrospective, subjective outcome evaluation.Results. No statistical difference was shown in postsurgical complication rates, postsurgical pain, decreased mobility, and overall quality of life. A significant difference was shown in overall patient satisfaction and the desire to further improve port area scarring. Results differed significantly in favor of the PRP group. Interestingly, approximately 40.2% of patients are dissatisfied with the surgical outcome after port removal in the control group. This result, though surprising, may be improved to 10% dissatisfaction when a PRP product is used.Conclusion. PRP products such as Arthrex ACP are safe to use and present an additional option in improving surgical outcome.
A Drift-Free Left Invariant Control System on the Lie Group SO(3)×R3×R3
Authors: Pop Camelia
Published: April 2015

A controllable drift-free system on the Lie group G=SO(3)×R3×R3 is considered. The dynamics and geometrical properties of the corresponding reduced Hamilton’s equations on g∗,·,·- are studied, where ·,·- is the minus Lie-Poisson structure on the dual space g∗ of the Lie algebra g=so(3)×R3×R3 of G. The numerical integration of this system is also discussed.
On the Structural Analysis ofγ-Ray Induced Primary Free Radicals in UHMWPE and Vitamin E Stabilized UHMWPE by ESR Spectroscopy
Authors: Mehmood Malik Sajjad , Jahan Muhammad Shah , Yasin Tariq , Tariq Muhammad , Choudhry Mohammad Ahmad , Ikram Masroor
Published: April 2015

Oriented allyl radicals are detected at room temperature in gamma irradiated UHMWPE. The effects of vitamin E and storage at room temperature on this oriented structure are also investigated during the study. While testing powder as well as compression-molded solids, with or without vitamin E, a typical ESR spectrum was recorded at room temperature following 100 kGy gamma dose and subsequent storage at −78.5°C for one year. The simulated results show that the relative abundance of 5% alkyl, 68% allyl, and 27% polyenyl produced a 98.7% best fit of experimental ones. Furthermore, the allyl radical signal gives approximately 20% of random orientations and 80% of oriented molecules. In oriented PE, measured at −196°C, Ohnishi et al. (1916) observed 25 lines within a total magnetic field width of approximately 133 G. Our spectra also show 25 lines spread over 136 G in UHMWPE powder samples and at room temperature after one year of storage.
Influence of Strong Acid Hydrolysis Processing on the Thermal Stability and Crystallinity of Cellulose Isolated from Wheat Straw
Authors: Huntley Chemar J. , Crews Kristy D. , Abdalla Mohamed A. , Russell Albert E. , Curry Michael L.
Published: April 2015

Cellulose extractions from wheat straw via hydrochloric, nitric, and sulfuric acid hydrolysis methods were carried out. X-ray diffraction spectral analyses reveal that depending on the acid conditions used the structure of the cellulose exhibited a mixture of polymorphs (i.e., CI and CIII cellulose phases). In addition, the percent crystallinity, diameter, and length of the cellulose fibers varied tremendously as determined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Thermal gravimetric analysis measurements revealed that the thermal stability of the extracted cellulose varied as a function of the acid strength and conditions used. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the aggregation of cellulose fibers during the drying process is strongly dependent upon the drying process and strength of the acids used.