bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and optimization of lomefloxacin loaded NLC gel for ophthalmic drug delivery
Authors: Gautam Darsh , Chaurasia Himanshu , Singh Ranjit
Published: May 2022

Lomefloxacin is a fluoroquinolone drug that has broad-spectrum action against Gram-negative as well as Gram Positive pathogens. The drug retention issues of ophthalmic drug delivery are a key parameter to select NLC gel as a deliver system. The purpose of the present investigation was to design, optimize and evaluate Lomefloxacin loaded nano structured lipid gel for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery. Lomefloxacin loaded NLCs were prepared by high-pressure homogenization approach (hot), using Olive oil as liquid lipid, Stearic acid as solid lipid and tween 80 as surfactant. Box-Behnken design was used to optimize Lomefloxacin loaded NLCs using Design-Expert 12 programme. Lipid ratio X1, surfactant concentrationX2, and homogenization cycle X3 are kept as three independent variables particle size (Y1 nm), entrapment efficiency (Y2 percent), and drug release percentage (Y3 percent) as dependent variables. NLCs were characterized for particle size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. The effects of composition of lipid materials and surfactant mixture on the particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release behavior were investigated.
Relevância da assistência de Enfermagem ao paciente com Transtorno Espectro Autista: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Santos Pio Luana , Lewe Sarah Mossolini , Calegari Camila Cristina Daluia , Bertasso Ricardo Benites , Sousa Gabriela Rodrigues , Mota Eliane Silveira Lemes , Linhares Euvani Oliveira Sobrinho
Published: May 2022

RESUMO

 

O Transtorno Espectro Autista (TEA) é uma patologia que atinge crianças alterando o seu desenvolvimento intelectual e comportamental lhe trazendo dificuldades em realizar atividades cotidianas. Alguns métodos de tratamentos são aplicados para a evolução do quadro clínico dos pacientes. A comunicação é um meio de expressar sendo ela verbal ou não verbal e os profissionais da área da saúde devem estar bastante atentos ao realizar o atendimento. Desse modo, o Enfermeiro tem o papel importante organizar, programar, motivar, instruir os familiares e responsáveis sobre o autismo e como obter um tratamento mais preciso sem prováveis transtornos. O objetivo desse estudo é apresentar um material teórico científico sobre o Autismo e a assistência de Enfermagem.

 

Palavras chave: Assistência, Enfermagem, TEA
Health care network model for older adults: a co-creation and participatory action research approach
Authors: Noronha Diana Oliveira , Luz-Santos Cleber , Novais Helena Pataro de Oliveira , Frank Mônica Hupsel , Costa Camila Marinho , Soub Janine Cardoso , Caires Renata Muniz , Peixoto Josecy Maria de Souza , Santos Kionna Oliveira Bernardes , Miranda José Garcia Vivas
Published: May 2022

Objective: To develop a collaborative, multidisciplinary care model for older adults that improves interdisciplinary teamwork and increases access to specialized services for frail patients, helping solve management problems in the Brazilian Unified Health System. In the state of Bahia, the health care network for older adults requires better interaction and integration with the Unified Health System and the Unified System of Social Assistance to improve patient flow in the network. Methods: We used a co-creation and participatory action research approach based on reflection, data collection, interaction, and feedback with participants and stakeholders. Data was collected from health professionals, representatives of health agencies, and older adults through collective and individual interviews, reflective diaries, and direct communication. Results: An action plan involving members of the older adult care network was developed to put the new model into practice. A pilot study with a multidisciplinary team allowed adjustments and implementation of the model at our institution. Conclusions: The new model improved both the internal management of the State Reference Center for Older Adult Health Care (Centro de Referência Estadual de Atenção à Saúde do Idoso - CREASI) and its interaction with primary care, optimizing patient flow and establishing rules for shared management between CREASI and primary care institutions. In view of this, restructuring the care model reorganized relations between the agencies, expanding CREASI’s role in the management and systematization of older adult health.
Religion and Hatred: Examining an Unpublished Whitehead Essay
Authors: Petek Joseph
Published: May 2022

This article examines a recently discovered unpublished essay by Alfred North Whitehead titled “Religious Psychology of the Western Peoples.” It is the most sustained criticism of religion he would ever make. This essay is put into conversation with a previously published essay by Whitehead titled “An Appeal to Sanity.”
Practice of Optimizing the Undergraduate Teaching Governance Structure of the Secondary College with Students as the Center
Authors: Liu Aiqi , Cao Hongjian , Zhu Chifeng
Published: May 2022

In the process of students' participation in university teaching governance, there are some problems such as low overall participation, poor information transmission, and low governance efficiency. For this, S College of H University has optimized and adjusted the undergraduate teaching governance organization with students as the center. An information network convenient for education and teaching management has been established based on the exchange between teachers and students and cross departmental communication, with the participation of all faculty; according to the information advantages of ordinary members in different governance situations, delegate (part of) the decision-making power of teaching governance. Practice shows that the optimization of the governance structure can not only solve the problem of low breadth and depth of students' participation in teaching governance, but also improve the efficiency and ability of teaching governance in secondary colleges, stimulate the vitality of ordinary faculty to think and do business, and promote the connotative development of education and teaching.
Exploration on Teaching Reform of Introduction to Internet of Things technology
Authors: Ding Xiaoming , Chen Liang , Hu Shi , Xu Haoyi
Published: May 2022

According to the characteristics of Internet of Things technology introduction course and the characteristics of students, the teaching reform of Internet of Things engineering introduction course is explored. In the actual teaching, it is found that the traditional teaching methods cannot adapt to the characteristics of the Internet of things, which are interdisciplinary and complicated. In view of the problems in the course teaching process, combined with the teaching practice of Taishan University, the teaching reform measures are put forward, such as integrating the ideological and political elements of the course, reconstructing the course content, etc. It provides a useful reference for the teaching of Internet of Things introduction course.
Reform and Innovation of Higher Education in Economic Reform Period
Authors: Qian Siying
Published: May 2022

The birth of economic reform marks the arrival of a new era. As the superstructure of society, higher education is inevitably affected by the social and economic development. Since the reform and opening up, especially since the 1990s, the school has clearly stated that talent training is the fundamental work of the school, and higher education is regarded as the foundation of all work of the school. The development level of higher education is not only the main symbol of a country's development strength and potential, but also an important support for promoting economic reform and upgrading. Since the reform and opening up, China has initially formed a multi category, multi-level, multi form and multi specification higher education school running system, and trained tens of millions of management cadres and professional and technical personnel from all walks of life. After introducing the economic challenges of higher education abroad and the current situation of higher education in my country, the article focuses on the interaction between economic reform and higher education, and further proposes how to reform and innovate higher education in my country under the environment of economic reform.
Analysis of the Impact of Carbon Emissions on The Agricultural Industry in Java Island
Authors:   Lycée Georges Sand: Domont, Île-de-France, FR, Drean Benjamin
Published: May 2022

This study uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) by evaluating agricultural carbon emissions performance (ACEP) in Java as a total factor in 5 provinces in Indonesia, namely Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, and East Java. We use research data from 2008 to 2021. Based on panel data in the five provinces on the island of Java, Indonesia is quite good in efforts to reduce carbon emissions through increasing public awareness of the importance of protecting the environment, policies for reducing carbon emissions with various government programs, and natural factors that occur in 2020 to 2021.
Endogenous market development in Indonesia
Authors: Capdeville Chapuzet Amaury
Published: May 2022

We use the survey method and turn off the survey results for causality analysis using regression. We take data from 200 local investors in Indonesia in 2021 and as a control variable, employ supplementary data in the form of market volume. The survey was conducted to understand the preferences of local investors or traders of government securities in Indonesia or buyers of government securities on trading volume in the market. Trading movements in the bond market are influenced by various endogenous variables such as investor perspective, G-sec average balance, percentage of average NDS-OM, daily trade average, percentage of average Bid-Ask spread. These things are the attention of investors in predicting the movement of trade in sovereign bonds in Indonesia.
Human Behavior in Response to Incentives and Opportunity Costs : Experimental Method
Authors: Garcia Ochoa-Mora Alejandra
Published: May 2022

We use experimental methods in examining several aspects of psychology and economics to understand economic phenomena in simulation processes and behavior. We examine human behavior in response to incentives and opportunity costs. We recruited 80 participants by classifying them based on income level, debt owned, cost of living and family dependents. We use a game method where participants play a game in the form of choosing a box that has a cost per box and there is a mystery prize from each box or not choosing at all. each participant can get a prize money based on the decision he made. From the results of the study, almost all participants expected the same results, namely to be able to bring as much money as possible as research incentives. However, variations in decision making, readiness to take risks, and readiness to return home without getting any money can be seen to be influenced by income level, debt owned, cost of living, and family dependents.
Succession pattern in the Mangrove forest of Puduvyppu due to human interference
Authors: Rane A. , Ashokan P. , Kumar B.
Published: May 2022

A young patch of mangrove on South-West coast of India is subjected to intense human interference. A succession pattern was in progress in the undisturbed areas, wherein, a monospecifically dominated Avicennia officinalis stand was facilitating an understorey of shade loving species like Bruguiera cylindrica and Excoecaria agallocha. On the other hand, those parts of the forest which were subjected to human interference, the retrogression of the ecosystem was at play. The canopy gaps so created were covered by Acanthus ilicifolius, a light demanding under-shrub species, forming a thick bed of 2-3 ft height entirely covering the forest floor, thus prohibiting the establishment of other tree species. However, undisturbed mangrove forest areas were devoid of this shrub species.
Introduction
Authors: Ables Travis E.
Published: May 2022

This chapter introduces the book as a reimagining of atonement theology. It makes a case for eschewing traditional typologies and narratives of atonement theology, approaches based in the work of Gustaf Aulén and found in many different ideological perspectives of atonement theory. The book instead argues for interpreting the cross through the logic of vicarity, the theological and symbolic use of holy victims, in Western Christian history. These victims were both saints and heretics, who transmitted merit and absorbed punishment on behalf of the social body. The idea that Christ dies on behalf of humanity emerged from this logic of vicarity, eventually developing into the idea of penal substitutionary atonement.
The Way of Darkness and the Way of Light: The Cross as Boundary Marker in Early Christianity
Authors: Ables Travis E.
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines the symbol of the cross in second- and third-century texts, engaging heresiological literature to argue that the cross was a polemical symbol with little reference to atonement concerns in this era. It argues that the cross was instead a boundary marker of social differentiation. It marked out the emerging mainstream church from two groups: Judaism and gnosticism. Early Christian writers adopted apocalyptic language to reinforce the distinctiveness of protoorthodox Christian identity. Combined with apotropaic elements in early liturgical traditions, this language of darkness and light demonized Christianity’s polemical opponents. Major interlocutors include the Epistle of Barnabas, Justin Martyr, the Apostolic Tradition, the Gospel of Philip, and Irenaeus of Lyons.
The Politics of Holy Bodies and the Invention of the Cross
Authors: Ables Travis E.
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines the reception of martyrdom traditions in elite Christian writers (catechists, bishops, and theologians) in the fourth and fifth centuries. These traditions transformed as theologians adopted the cross to portray the martyrs as models of discipline and faith. These writers emphasized the suffering and death of the martyrs. They drew on the popular belief that the martyrs could give excess merit to those who interceded to them and applied it to the sacramental power of the bishop and, ultimately, Christ. Thus, the martyr traditions and the “merit trade” are the origins of the cross as the locus of forgiveness of sins. The chapter’s main figures are Ambrose, Origen, Cyprian, Augustine, and Prudentius.
Bodies Pierced by the Cross: Popular Devotion, Popular Heresy
Authors: Ables Travis E.
Published: May 2022

The mysticism of the high Middle Ages developed sympathy for the crucified Christ as the center of a new spirituality. The mysticism of Francis and Mechthild seek identification with Christ in the experience of mystical cocrucifixion. Francis’s stigmata and Mechthild’s erotic imagery signify this identification; both employ the cross on behalf of witness to the church and to express ideas of reform. Their mysticism occurs against the backdrop of popular reform movements that often were accused of heresy; in such movements the cross was frequently a flashpoint of controversy. In mainstream theological writing, writers like Bonaventure made Francis’s experience of the cross sui generis rather than something to aspire to. This further reinforced the logic of vicarity: exemplary holy victims who suffer on behalf of the church.
Three Notes on Contingency Today: Stress, Science—and Consolation from the Past?
Authors: Gumbrecht Hans Ulrich
Published: May 2022

The essay starts out from a meaning of ‘contingency’ as the horizon of uncertainty and choice that stretches from absolutely necessary to absolutely impossible behaviors, a definition that has established itself within mainly German philosophical and sociological discussions during the past half century. From three different perspectives, this concept facilitates an identification of the historical present we are living in. Firstly and under the impact of electronic data processing, the poles of ‘necessary’ and of ‘impossible’ behaviors are now vanishing, thus increasing the number of situations that require choice—and subsequent individual stress. Secondly and over the past long century, Western culture has lost an informal balance that used to exist between the science-based belief in necessary developments and the political privilege of freedom, with the consequence of further increasing individual uncertainty and pressure. Thirdly and under such a double challenge, a return to a number of late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century authors at the periphery of Enlightenment, such as Denis Diderot or Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, could be worthwhile consolation because we may read their writings as traces of a practice that came to terms with overwhelming situations of contingency by transforming judgment in an everyday lifeform.
The Apophatic Community: Ethics, Contingency, Negation
Authors: Marchi Viola
Published: May 2022

This essay aims at offering a novel interpretation of Jean-Luc Nancy’s and Maurice Blanchot’s by now classic texts on community by interrogating them through the lens of the logic and rhetoric of apophatic mysticism. It is claimed that, in both thinkers, the apophatic strategy signals the necessity to rethink community non-dialectically and, more specifically, outside of a dialectic of the proper. However, while Nancy seems to reject mediation altogether, Blanchot moves toward the formulation of a non-dialectical mediation, in which apophaticism works to tease out the affirmative potentialities of a thinking of the negative that does not take the form of a logical or ontological negation. The essay concludes by proposing an ethics of contestation (or of non-positive affirmation) as the fundamental counterpart to an idea of community that evades the traps of dialectics and does not annihilate or sublate contingency.
Ethics of Circular Time
Authors: Žižek Slavoj
Published: May 2022

A subject is not only alienated in the big Other (the symbolic substance of its life); this big Other is already alienated from itself, thwarted from within, separated from its real core, and it is this separation in the heart of the big Other itself which sustains the space for subjectivity. Subject is not threatened by the big Other, it is not in danger of being overwhelmed and stifled by the big Other (in short, it is not a humanist agent trying to dominate ‘objective structures’ that determine it). Subject is constituted, it emerges at the site of the inconsistency of the big Other. In other words, it is through its own lack/inconsistency that structure (the big Other) is always-already subjectivized, and this abyss in the big Other also opens up the space for the subject to articulate its authentic desire. What is threatened by the digitalization of our daily lives is thus not our free subjectivity but the big Other itself, the agency of the symbolic order, in its ‘normal’ functioning: with digitalization, the big Other is no longer a virtual normative order, it becomes part of material reality.
“There Is No World”: Living Life in Deconstruction and Theoretical Biology
Authors: Wolfe Cary
Published: May 2022

This essay explores the multiple lines of relation between contemporary theoretical biology and Jacques Derrida’s meditations on the relationship between art and ‘world’ in the second set of seminars on The Beast and Sovereign. Theoretical biologists such as Stuart Kauffman and Denis Noble argue that the contingency of the organism/environment relationship plays a key role in the creative evolution of the biosphere, both ontogenetically and phylogenetically (as we see in the relationship between the genetic and the epigenetic). This gives us a way to understand Derrida's insistence that “there is no world” in a much more radical, robust, and material way that Derrida himself never fully explored. In this light, a new, “ecological” understanding of deconstruction is available, one that gives us a theory of meaning and autopoiesis that is irreducibly complex precisely because of the contingent and creative relationship between the genetic (or code-bound) and epigenetic (or contextual). It is precisely in the context of that contingency and creativity that the ethical moment—and the ethical moment of art—emerges.
Resisting Geopower: Political Theologies of the Anthropocene
Authors: Roberts Austin
Published: May 2022

In chapter 3, “Resisting Geopower,” Austin Roberts shows how dangerous our assumptions of a quick fix are, because we are tempted to think that more of the same can overcome the problems that modern industrial and postindustrial capitalism has created. Roberts engages with the problem of planetary sovereignty in the Anthropocene, the idea that some unified sovereign power is required to address the significance of the problem of global warming. This planetary sovereignty perpetuates the same form of political theology that was put forth by Schmitt, because it would and must be a sovereign exception. Roberts argues that we need to refuse and resist the temptation to resort to geopower to combat climate change, and instead cultivate a political theology of the earth informed by Alfred North Whitehead and Catherine Keller.
What Is Political about Political Islam?
Authors: Karabela Mehmet
Published: May 2022

Mehmet Karabela draws upon Carl Schmitt’s analysis more explicitly to interrogate and understand how Islamic and Western scholars have conceptualized an “apolitical” Islam that could then be politicized. He applies Schmitt’s friend/enemy distinction as characteristic of the political to the study of Islam and shows how Islam has always been political and religious at the same time in this context. Liberalism posits a separate realm of religion and politics that it charges Islam and other political religions wrongly mix, but there is no intrinsic separation of politics from religion in a post-secular context, and we have many lessons to learn of and from Islam. Rather than the modern nation-state, which is the locus for Schmitt, the polity of Islam is more situated on the Muslim community, which is less determinate and defined. Every community, particularly every religious community, is potentially political in the Schmittian context.
Genocide and the Sin of Identity
Authors: Vahanian Noëlle
Published: May 2022

For Noëlle Vahanian, the constriction of our identity is a sin, and chapter 13 serves as a personal reflection or memoir about how identities are imagined and constructed in ways that produce genocide. Drawing on her own Armenian ancestry and its connection to the oft-overlooked Armenian genocide, Vahanian declares that we become an “I” in such a way as to be affirmed and consolidated as a “we.” This production is a fabulation, because “identity is a form of self-deception that ontologizes imagined realities at the expense of forgotten or unthinkable identities.” Vahanian articulates a secular theology of language to name and expose the traces of these unthinkable and forgotten identities.
Mystic S/ Zong!
Authors: Carter J. Kameron
Published: May 2022

In chapter 14, J. Kameron Carter offers an interpretation of the poem Zong! by M. NourbeSe Philip. Zong is the name of a British slave ship on which around 150 African slaves were murdered in 1781. Philip produces her poem Zong! with words from a 1783 court case that absolves the British slavers. This is a fragmented poem that recovers the memory of the dead slaves, but does so not as an imagined whole, only through the apparatus of death that rendered their deaths legally justified by colonial jurists. Carter reads this poem as a sacred mystical text that renders blackness visible through its devastation and deformation by colonial violence in act and word. Carter’s counter-political theology of the black sacred as read through Philip’s poem opens us up to other practices of the sacred, other forms of what is called political theology, and a mystical otherworldliness without any self-evident or self-contained world.
A Woman of “Weak Mind”
Authors: Turner Felicity
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines how racial and gendered expectations influenced the ways in which courts addressed infanticide across the United States during Reconstruction. While black women’s legal rights undoubtedly expanded during Reconstruction, infanticide cases demonstrate that those expanded rights did not necessarily translate into favorable outcomes in relation to criminal law. Cases of infanticide show that prevailing attitudes about race and gender encouraged the view that biology shaped one’s abilities, sanity, and morality. Although black women successfully exploited those racist and sexist assumptions to reduce jail or death sentences, they did not fare as well in the criminal justice system as white women in similar situations.
The Dream of a Rural Democracy
Authors: Pinto-Handler Sergio
Published: May 2022

This chapter addresses the manner in which reformist politicians in Brazil in the 1880s used a positive narrative of US emancipation and Reconstruction to pursue their own abolitionist and reconstructionist goals. Brazilian abolitionists were remarkably good at making the idea that abolition equaled progress into a form of political common sense and were ultimately effective at rallying popular opinion and political resistance to destroy the hemisphere’s last remaining slave system. Leading politicians such as Patrocínio countered negative narratives of Reconstruction by telling an alluring and aspirational tale of what had happened in the United States. Their rhetorical and ideological choices were part of one of the more peculiar moments in the interconnected history of slavery and abolition in the Americas.
Introduction
Authors: Ruiz Rosaura Martínez
Published: May 2022

The introduction considers the relationship between Freudian psychoanalysis and Derridean deconstruction and highlights the key role that otherness and alteration play in both fields. The author examines the ethical and political implications of deconstructive and psychoanalytic theories, arguing that Freud and Derrida challenge us to see the future as open-ended and alterable. They encourage us to recognize resistance as an ongoing and even interminable ethical and political project, and they offer us ways to envision futures that differ from our presents and pasts. Such futures require openness to the irruption of the event and to unprecedented forms of subjectivity.
Postscript
Authors: Ruiz Rosaura Martínez
Published: May 2022

In Spanish, the word duelo refers both to a duel and to mourning. In this Postscript, the author plays on the word’s two meanings, calling for the creation of a community of embattled mourners. These figures would, Martínez argues, be committed to working through loss even while they also worked to envision, create, and sustain new bonds, new relations, and new erotic formations. Their work would involve the construction of plural, diverse, and tense public spheres: fields of combat, where “combat” names a form of erotic engagement in which combatants are kept alive. This would also be a way of countering reductive, exclusionary, and annihilating political forces and the death drive in its most destructive forms.
Infrapolitical Distance
Authors: Moreiras Alberto
Published: May 2022

This chapter elaborates the notion of an exit from modern militant subjectivity from the notion of a second distance, or “distance from distance,” in the work of Spanish philosopher Felipe Martínez Marzoa. The exit leads into what the chapter calls infrapolitical distance, understood as “singularizing withdrawal” from the One, which in late metaphysical times is not simply the non-multiple but also the totalizing “unlimited continuum” of a fallen world. It dwells on Martin Heidegger’s notion that the essence of political life is not itself political, as showed by Sophocles in Antigone.
A Politics of Separation
Authors: Moreiras Alberto
Published: May 2022

This chapter discusses the relationship—similarities and differences—between infrapolitics and the Italian thought of the impolitical in Massimo Cacciari and Roberto Esposito. It discusses the relationship between private and collective grammars and claims that infrapolitics dwells in the caesura or rift between the two. It produces a reading of contemporary philosophical reflection on life in the wake of Giorgio Agamben and Roberto Esposito’s work. It studies at some length Esposito’s notion of the person in order to critique Esposito’s abandonment of the basic intuitions that the concept of the impolitical produced in favor of an understanding of biopolitical administration as affirmative. It shows that Esposito’s critique of the “neutralization” of politics in French thought, and particularly in deconstruction, leads him to a neocommunitarian dead end. It establishes the difference between infrapolitics and any possible notion of an affirmative biopolitics, which can only be understood as the last avatar of modern political theology.
A Negation of the Anarchy Principle
Authors: Moreiras Alberto
Published: May 2022

This chapter is both an examination of the different, even incompatible, versions of a principle of anarchy in the work of Reiner Schürmann and that of Emmanuel Levinas, and an examination of the ways in which infrapolitical reflection departs from Schürmann’s thought. It engages with Jean-François Lyotard’s posthumous book on Levinas in order to present infrapolitics as a praxis outside the universe of knowledge. It introduces the notion of a savage moralism as a praxis that must be situated before both ethics and politics.
Act 1: The Context (1971)
Authors: Naas Michael
Published: May 2022

The first part of this work, under the pretext of a play in three “acts,” looks at three key moments in Derrida’s confrontation with and development of John Austin’s speech act theory, all three acts taking place, curiously, as if by accident, in Montreal, that is, all three based on public presentations in Montreal that were subsequently published. This first chapter (or “act) in this “play,” titled “Derrida in Montreal (A Play in Three Speech Acts),” follows Derrida as he delivers in August 1971 in Montreal the lecture “Signature Event Context,” the first and most decisive work on speech act theory in Derrida’s corpus. Particular attention is here paid to themes such as presence, intention, repetition, power, and the opposition between speech and writing, themes that are continuous with Derrida’s works prior to 1971 but that, in the context of a rethinking of speech act theory, begin to take on new forms and move in new directions.
Intermission 1: Glyph 1
Authors: Naas Michael
Published: May 2022

This brief subchapter (or “intermission” in the play “Derrida in Montreal”) takes up the debate between Derrida and the American philosopher John Searle after the publication in 1977 of Searle’s scathing criticism of Derrida in “Reiterating the Differences: A Reply to Derrida.” What is at issue in this debate, it is argued, are not only philosophical claims about the role of presence, repetition, context, or intention in the speech act theory of John Austin but, in the end, the question of the very legacy of Austin’s work, the question of who (Searle or Derrida) should inherit the mantle of speech act theory as first conceived by John Austin.
Act 2: The Signature (1979)
Authors: Naas Michael
Published: May 2022

This second chapter (or “act” in the play “Derrida in Montreal”) demonstrates how Derrida began using speech act theory in order to rethink the foundations of political and professional institutions. The chapter shows this through a reading of Derrida’s “Otobiographies” and, especially, his essay “Declarations of Independence,” an essay first presented in Virginia in 1976 for the bicentennial celebration of the United States’ Declaration of Independence. As in the first act, questions of the speech act but also of the written act, of the signature, of context and translation, and, in this unique case, of the relationship between French, Quebecois French, and English are front and center.
Encore: Cocoon
Authors: Naas Michael
Published: May 2022

This brief coda (or “encore”) to “Derrida in Montreal” follows Derrida for one final appearance in Montreal. The day after the public events that resulted in the publication of “A Certain Impossible Possibility of Saying the Event,” Derrida read in public the quasi-totality of “A Silkworm of One’s Own,” still in manuscript form. This brief chapter underscores the themes of speech act theory (confession, testimony, verdicts) that run through this text, making it a fitting conclusion, it is here argued, to Derrida’s long series of speech acts in Montreal.
The Counter-Program: Syllabus
Authors: Naas Michael
Published: May 2022

This introduction to the second part of Class Acts, titled “The Open Seminar,” begins with an overview of Derrida’s teaching career and of his infamous “seminar” presentations, along with his own explicit reflections on pedagogy and educational institutions beginning in the mid-1970s. It shows how the young student who “never liked school,” and who continued not to like it, would nevertheless go on to spend the rest of his life in educational institutions as either a student or teacher. To explain this apparent contradiction, the chapter attempts to follow both Derrida’s willingness to work within certain educational institutions in France and his attempts to change them, either by offering alternative programs for them or by proposing alternatives to them. The chapter emphasizes the importance of the formation of GREPH (the Groupe de recherches sur l’enseignement philosophique) in 1975 and the foundation of the International College of Philosophy in 1983 for achieving these latter goals. The chapter concludes that, for Derrida, pedagogy is always a question of thinking together and combining the programmatic with the non-programmatic, a curriculum that can be prepared and taught with something that can never be prepared for or put on a syllabus.
“I’ve Never Been to Me”: Redirecting Arrivals and Returns
Authors: Isaac Allan Punzalan
Published: May 2022

The Filipino vernacular concept datíng captures a person’s composure, arrival, and impact on place and others around them. Thus, someone’s arrival also becomes a moment of other possibilities. Ramona Diaz’s documentary The Learning (2011) tells the story of Filipina schoolteachers from across the Philippine archipelago who were recruited to Baltimore, Maryland’s struggling and de facto predominantly Black public schools. Much of the film narrative is focused on the maintenance of kinship across great distances with back-and-forth splices but also spends much time on the film subjects’ performative gestures that redirect narratives away from well-worn tropes of duty, resistance, and self-sacrifice. Datíng indexes the body’s capacity to configure space, arrivals, returns, and atmosphere to stage other worlds, away from an overarching national or labor narrative.
“I Understand Where You’re Coming From”: Temporal Migration and Offshore Chronographies
Authors: Isaac Allan Punzalan
Published: May 2022

Ethnography might also serve as a “chronography,” a thick and textured accounting of time that captures the vernacular feel of place, temporality, and durations. Discourse analysis and ethnography of the Philippines call-center industry depict how the offshore identity agents emerge from partial and temporal, rather than spatial, migration into the global simultaneity of times as well as global and national contestation over the worker’s representation. While extending national space, the offshore generated by the simultaneity of times bridged by twenty-first-century technology is non-identical with either national or global time. Nationalism fuses with capitalist rhetoric to produce fantasies of development for middle- and lower middle-class denizens of Manila and Cebu. The chapter takes the temporalities found in the offshore call center from the 300-second call to the various futurities it proffers for its agents to demonstrate how workers navigate global yet disruptive futures.
Coda: Presence and Mourning to the Future
Authors: Isaac Allan Punzalan
Published: May 2022

The coda looks at mediated mourning practice, E-Burol, live-streamed funeral vigils, a common decade-old technological practice made necessary by Filipino diasporic life, to explore various embodied conceptions of sociality and relationality when time and space do not coincide but are juxtaposed through a mediated interface. Since the medium affords entry and exit into various modes of time—ritual time, everyday time, and end times, E-burol makes manifest various ways of being with others. I highlight two Tagalog concept-words that map other ways to generate ecologies of communality: pakiramdam (literally, to make oneself felt, or to feel a presence) is affective engagement without immediate proximity at all, and kapiling, with the collectivizing ka prefix, is to be in someone’s proximity or vicinity but does not necessarily include or demand any interaction between the two parties.
Women and Greek Orthodoxy in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Sotiriou Eleni
Published: May 2022

The aim of this chapter is to pinpoint and discuss some of the most important transformations, innovations, and elements of change in the way that lay and monastic women in Greece practice and experience Orthodoxy since the turn of the twenty-first century. It concentrates on three broad areas that have produced the most notable changes in female religiosity: the Greek financial crisis, religious blogging in the digital age, and international monasticism in Greek convents. These phenomena collectively point to the need to abandon the static definition of tradition in Orthodoxy and take into consideration the agentic character of Greek Orthodox women’s religiosity, which unmasks both modern and postmodern elements of tradition.
Women, Orthodox Christianity, and Neosecularization in Bulgaria
Authors: Merdjanova Ina
Published: May 2022

This chapter proposes new directions for rethinking the relationship between women and Orthodox Christianity in Bulgaria after the end of communism by introducing the theoretical framework of neosecularization. It argues that communist secularization between the end of WWII and 1989 led to a feminization of Orthodox Christianity due to the privatization and domestication of religious practice. The collapse of the communist regime propelled religion back into the public space and generated a mass interest in Orthodox Christianity, which however proved short-lived due to both historical legacies and newly-emerged socio-political realities. Orthodox Christianity has been present and visible as an indelible marker of national identity, but it has produced no substantial impact on the social norms, public morality, and individual behavior of the people who identify as Orthodox. These complex dynamics of decline in religious authority can be described as neosecularization. Rather than focusing on discontinuity with the communist past and “revival” of religion after 1989, the perspective of neosecularization explicates patterns of continuity both in terms of the feminization of Orthodox Christianity, evident in the fact that women remain the majority of practicing believers, and in terms of the circumscribed social influence of the Orthodox Church.
Women and Orthodox Dissent: The Case of the Archangelist Underground Movement in Soviet Moldavia
Authors: Kapaló James A.
Published: May 2022

This chapter addresses the transformation of the religious landscape in Soviet Moldavia from the perspective of gender dynamics. Based on the testimonies of a group of women from the Turkish-speaking Gagauz Orthodox Christian minority, I explore their responses to the Khrushchev-era anti-religious campaigns and church closures of the 1950s and 1960s and their membership in an underground Orthodox dissent movement commonly referred to as Archangelism. The term domestication has been used by a number of scholars of religion to describe the relocation of religion to the domestic sphere during communism and the enhanced role that women played in ritual and the transmission of religion during this period. In Moldavia, however, an Orthodox religious underground with strong female leadership figures had already emerged during the right-wing dictatorship that preceded Soviet rule. In this chapter, I suggest that our understanding of domestic religion during communism should be expanded to include an awareness of earlier forms of Orthodox dissent in which the domestic sphere had become an important characteristic of the religious field. In so doing, I highlight some of the diverse ways in which the agency of Orthodox women shaped the religious field in Moldavia in the twentieth century.
Gender and Religiosity in Communist Romania: Continuity and Change
Authors: Bucur Maria
Published: May 2022

This chapter questions the claim that in Romania the post-1990 period was one of radically greater freedom in religious matters, as well as greater religiosity on the part of the population. Instead, it suggests that continuity better encapsulates the development of religious beliefs and their embodiment in specific practices among Orthodox Christians in Romania in the twentieth century. It also makes visible important imbalances, gaps, and faulty assumptions about the importance of institutions in the daily religious practices and beliefs of most Orthodox populations in the historiography on Orthodoxy in Romania. Scholars have failed to see continuities and have embraced analytical frameworks that stress change, especially around the communist takeover period (1945–1949) and the fall of communism (1989–1990). Central to re-evaluating this trajectory are two aspects of Orthodoxy in Romania: (1) most believers live in the countryside; and (2) women have remained central to the development and maintenance of religious practices in ways that cannot be accounted for through any institutional analysis of the Orthodox Church, because of its both implicit and explicit misogyny.
Women as Agents of Glocalization in the Orthodox Church of Finland
Authors: Kupari Helena , Tiaynen-Qadir Tatiana
Published: May 2022

The Orthodox Church of Finland is a small autonomous national church with a significant foreign-born membership. In this chapter, we approach Finnish Orthodoxy through a glocalization framework. Making use of qualitative data gathered from women of diverse backgrounds—different generations and nationalities, “cradle” Orthodox as well as converts and returnees—we demonstrate how women are active participants in the glocal making of Finnish Orthodoxy. In the analysis, we focus on women’s agency as manifested in 1) experiences of the Divine Liturgy, 2) family-making as mothers and grandmothers, and 3) participation in parish life. Theoretically, our interpretation of the women’s practices draws from and advances discussions concerning gendered religious agency. We argue that women’s religious agency also encompasses their sensual engagements with artistic and creative applications of religion. Overall, we conceive of our interlocutors’ agency as their capacity to create and sustain home-like spaces where they can express themselves, be united with their (extended) families, experience existential security and belonging, and, generally speaking, feel “at home.”
Introduction
Authors: Waterman Adam John
Published: May 2022

Little is known about James Turner except his name, but Sarah Welch Nossaman knew more about him than she cared to remember. “[The] burial place was near old Iowaville, on the north side of the Des Moines River, under a big sugar tree. It was there Doctor Turner severed the head from the body.” Sitting up with an ailing neighbor, somewhere between nowhere and no place, alone in the dark but for the light of the hearth, in November 1838, Nossaman became an unintentional witness to a gruesome sacramental, a Grand Guignol of frontier cruelty, a subtle dance made all the more ghastly for its antiseptic dispassion, its indifference to the materiality of flesh and the blood, to the reality of the body, to the body as the unbearably real. Nossaman never forgot the night they came to clean the bones. “[He] thought if he could only steal [the head] he could make a fortune out of it by taking it east and putting it on exhibition.” Whatever reveries she might have indulged at the hearth, whatever presentiments of home and comfort that space might have conveyed—associations between fire, warmth, and light, making and crafting—are overwhelmed by fire as a purely chemical wickedness. “We knew the evening he went to steal the head and sat up to await his coming. He got in with it at four o’clock in the morning and hid it till the afternoon of the same day, when he cooked the flesh off the skull.”...
The Indifferent Children of the Earth: Lead, Enclosure, and the Nocturnal Occupations of the Mineral Undead
Authors: Waterman Adam John
Published: May 2022

This chapter explores relationships between Indigenous dispossession on the upper Mississippi River and the history of extractive capitalism through a consideration of the figure of Black Hawk, Black Hawk’s burial, and the theft of Black Hawk’s corpse. It argues that the theft of Black Hawk’s body is not a symbol for extractive capitalism, but coextensive with processes of extraction by which the geophysical metabolic of the land is remade in the image of capital. Treating the burial and the mine as competing infrastructures, it considers the ways in which Indigenous peoples and settlers compose the land, the ways in which histories of occupancy and use inscribe themselves upon the land, a terrestrial grammar of enormous geophysical import. It reads the theft of Black Hawk’s body as part of a history of enclosure and its disseminations, of primitive accumulation as it enfolds the body, and its affects, as it enfolds the land.
Things Sweet to Taste: Corn and the Thin Gruel of Racial Capitalism
Authors: Waterman Adam John
Published: May 2022

This chapter explores the theft and enclosure of Indigenous land through a consideration of settler agriculture and the emergence of commercial agriculture and agricultural economies of scale. Drawing upon the work of Jason Moore, it considers settler agriculture as part of the ecological metabolic of capital, looking to the capture and commoditization of Zea mays, or corn, as they relate to the production of cheap food and the capacitation of the worker as an urban, industrial character. Corn provides a figure through which to think the history of Indigenous sovereignties as braided with forms of vegetable and animal life, and the settler capture of corn as part of its disavowal and disentanglement. Moreover, the culture of corn within settler agriculture provides an opportunity to think anthropophagy as central to the settler experience of the land, as they steal its mineral nutrients—the literal remains of Indigenous peoples—to sustain their economies and themselves. The chapter concludes with a consideration of flame and cooking as technologies of home, and home as a vector of colonial infestation.