bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Objectively and Subjectively Measured Effects of a Palmitoleate Dietary Supplement: A Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial
Authors: Sasagawa Masa , Boclair Miranda J , Amieux Paul S
Published: December 2020

Background: Supplementation with dietary palmitoleate was reported to lower serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) for those with elevated hsCRP. The objective of the study was to evaluate subjectively and objectively measured outcomes of an omega-7 fatty acid (n7FA) dietary supplement on people with non-specific chronic musculoskeletal discomfort. Methods: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, 1:1 randomized single crossover trial was composed of Group “A” which was given placebo first and verum second while group “B” was given verum first and placebo second. Volunteers with uncomplicated chronic musculoskeletal discomfort or a baseline serum hsCRP >1.0 mg/L were recruited from 2017 – 2019. Verum capsules contained palmitoleate and the placebo contained medium chain fatty acids (MCT). Participants took two capsules per day from the first bottle for three weeks followed by two capsules per day from the second bottle without washout for an additional three weeks. Subjects were instructed to maintain their current diet and lifestyle.Results: From 211 volunteers consented and screened, 56 subjects were randomized. Six subjects dropped out, and fifty subjects contributed to the statistical analyses. At baseline, none of the investigated biomarkers were significantly correlated to subjectively assessed musculoskeletal discomfort levels, and Group B showed higher HDL and lower triglyceride than Group A. Main Outcomes of crossover analysis found no statistical significance in all measurements. The mean difference of subjectively measured PROMIS® scores between the first and second visits showed improvement for both placebo and verum groups. Conclusions: Supplementation for three weeks with 688mg per day of a palmiteolate dietary supplement did not reduce serum inflammatory biomarkers nor did it improve subjectively measured quality of life (QoL) for those with chronic non-specific musculoskeletal discomfort. Future studies should explore time, dosing and verification of cis-palmiteolate versus trans-palmiteolate. Future studies should also consider selection of patients with chronic inflammation, for example individuals with higher body-mass index (BMI).Trial registration: NCT03669575. Registered 13 September 2018 – Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03669575.
Perinatal changes in plasma of type 2 diabetes mellitus pregnancies who delivered newborns with cardiomyopathy, depression of the central nervous system, or hepatomegaly
Authors: Kopylov Arthur T. , Papysheva Olga , Gribova Iveta , Kaysheva Anna L. , Kotaysch Galina , Kharitonova Lubov , Mayatskaya Tatiana , Nurbekov Malik K. , Sokerina Ekaterina , Krasheninnikova Anna , Morozov Sergey G.
Published: December 2020

Background

Maternal diabetes either pregestational or gestational is the main risk factor contributing in development of diabetic fetopathy (DF) in newborns. There are no generalized signs of DF up to late gestational age due to insufficient sensitivity of the currently employed instrumental methods for diagnosis.
Methods

This is a cross-sectional prospective controlled study. Here, we reported proteomic investigation for several cases of severe types of diabetic fetopathy (cardiomyopathy (CRDM, n = 37), central nervous system depression (CNSD, n = 35) and hepatomegaly (HPMG, n = 35)) diagnosed during 30–35 gestational weeks and confirmed upon delivery by from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Control groups were comprised from women in whom T2DM had been ruled out (n = 40) and group of pregnancies with T2DM who delivered healthy newborns (n = 40).
Results

We found a composition of serum-based non-trivial markers capable that are strongly associated with the certain type of fetopathy or anatomical malfunctions in the affected newborns. Significant impact on mRNA splicing and DNA reparation has been determined by emerging alterations in CDCL5. Patients of CNSD groups were characterized by utmost depletion (ca. 7% of baseline) of DFP3 neurotrophic factor needed for the proper specialization of cardiomyocytes and oligodendrocytes. Corrupted regulation of non-canonical Wnt-signaling guided by PEDF (in CNSD and HPMG groups) and DAAM2 (in CRDM and HPMG groups) was also proposed. In addition, deficiency in retinoic acid and thyroxine transport was revealed by dramatic increase of TTHY in CNDS group.
Conclusions

We examined peripheral blood plasma and determined a small proportion of proteins indicating the pre-existing signs of DF. Most of the examined markers are participants of critical processes at different stages of embryogenesis and regulate various phases of morphogenesis. There are proteins regulating splicing and DNA repair, differentiation of neurons and their switching to the post-mitotic state. Therefore, reconstruction of the molecular interplay between the defined in proteins is decisive to appreciate cryptic violations in fetal development on the background of diabetic conditions
Determinants of postnatal care service utilization among mothers of Mangochi district, Malawi: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Sagawa Jonas , Kabagenyi Allen , Turyasingura Godwin , Mwale Saul Eric
Published: December 2020

BackgroundPostnatal care (PNC) services such as antenatal care, labour and delivery care services are paramount in maternal, neonatal morbidity and mortality rates reduction in low and middle income countries. Several factors impede the effective utilization of these services by mothers which makes them access few services than recommended by world health organization. This study examined the determinants of PNC utilization among mothers in Mangochi District, Malawi.MethodsA community based cross-sectional study involving a multistage sampling of 600 mothers from nine randomly selected villages in Mangochi district, Malawi was conducted in the month of January, 2016. A transcribed semi-structured questionnaire was pre-tested, modified and used to collect data on socio demographic, socio-economic and socio-cultural characteristics. A Pearson Chi square (𝜒2) test was used to determine the association between the socio-demographic, socio-cultural, and socio-economic factors and PNC utilization. A multivariable logistic regression with 95% confidence interval was performed to determine the predictors of PNC service utilization.Results84.8% of the mothers utilized PNC services at least once within the postnatal period. Among the PNC users, 74.5% attended once, 20% attended two to three times and 5.5% attended more than three times. The predictors of PNC service utilization were education level of the mother (AOR= 2.42, CI: 1.97-6.04) education level of the partner (AOR=1.5, CI: 1.25-2.49) , occupation status of the partner (AOR= 3.2, CI: 1.25-8.01), household level of income (AOR=14.4, CI: 5.90-35.16), decision making (AOR=2.27, CI: 1.13-4.57), knowledge of available PNC services (AOR=4.2, CI: 2.22-7.41), knowledge of at least one postpartum danger signs (AOR=4.0, CI:2.07-7.50), and place of delivery (AOR=6.9, CI: 3.35-14.14).ConclusionThe rate of PNC service utilization among mothers was 85%. The uptake of PNC services among mothers was mainly influenced by education level of the mother and partner, occupation status of the partner, household level of income, decision making power, knowledge of available PNC services, knowledge of at least one postpartum danger signs, and place of delivery. Therefore, reinforcement of the existing policies and strategies to increase awareness about PNC services among mothers through awareness campaigns, training and empowerment programs is needed.
Spousal Support during Pregnancy in the Nigerian Rural Context
Authors: Arisukwu Ogadimma , Igbolekwu Chisaa Onyekachi , Oyekola; Isaac Akintoyese , Oyeyipo Eyitayo Joseph , Asamu Festus Femi , Osueke Ngozi Obiageli
Published: December 2020

BackgroundPregnancy constitutes a global health concern, thus the need for spousal support during this period cannot be overemphasised. This study examined the kinds of support pregnant women expected and received from their spouse as well as the effect of such supports during pregnancy, labour and delivery. MethodsThe study adopted both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. The respondents were selected using multistage and simple random sampling techniques. ResultsFindings showed that respondents expected and received maximum support from their spouses during pregnancy, labour and delivery. Spiritual support such as praying and fasting were top on the kinds of support pregnant women expected and received from their husbands during pregnancy and delivery. Others include, helping in house chores, financial provision, taking care of other children, accompanying to labour room, and sexual support. More than three-quarter of the respondents stated that maximum support from their husbands made pregnancy, labour and delivery easier. Cramer’s V showed that the association between support and husbands’ occupation was 0.233 and Pearson Chi-square showed that the association was statistically significant χ2(2) = 27.894,p< .001. ConclusionThe study concluded that spousal support during pregnancy was high among rural women in South-western Nigeria, and it impacted positively on their wife’s period of pregnancy, labour and delivery. The high level of spousal support should be sustained so as to promote family bonding and development.
Subtle changes in crosslinking drive diverse anomalous transport characteristics in actin-microtubule networks
Authors: Anderson Sylas , Garamella Jonathan , McGorty Ryan , Robertson-Anderson Rae
Published: December 2020

Anomalous diffusion in crowded and complex environments is widely studied due to its importance in intracellular transport, fluid rheology and materials engineering. Specifically, diffusion through the cytoskeleton, a network comprised of semiflexible actin filaments and rigid microtubules that interact both sterically and via crosslinking, plays a principal role in viral infection, vesicle transport and targeted drug delivery. Here, we elucidate the impact of crosslinking on particle diffusion in composites of actin and microtubules with actin-actin, microtubule-microtubule and actin-microtubule crosslinking. We analyze a suite of complementary transport metrics by coupling single-particle tracking and differential dynamic microscopy. Using these orthogonal techniques, we find that particles display non-Gaussian and non-ergodic subdiffusion that is markedly enhanced by cytoskeletal crosslinking of any type, which we attribute to suppressed microtubule mobility. However, the extent to which transport deviates from normal Brownian diffusion depends strongly on the crosslinking motif – with actin-microtubule crosslinking inducing the most pronounced anomalous characteristics – due to increased actin fluctuation heterogeneity. Our results reveal that subtle changes to actin-microtubule interactions can have dramatic impacts on diffusion in the cytoskeleton, and suggest that less mobile and more locally heterogeneous networks lead to more strongly anomalous transport.
Bark-dwelling methanotrophic bacteria decrease methane emissions from trees
Authors: Jeffrey Luke C , Maher Damien T. , Chiri Eleonora , Leung Pok Man , Nauer Philipp A. , Arndt Stefan K. , Tait Douglas R. , Greening Chris , Johnston Scott G.
Published: December 2020

Tree stems are an important and unconstrained source of methane, yet it is uncertain if there are internal microbial controls (i.e. methanotrophy) within tree bark, that may reduce methane emissions. Using multiple lines of evidence, we demonstrate here that unique microbial communities dominated by methane oxidising bacteria (MOB) dwell within bark of Melaleuca quinquenervia, a common, invasive and globally distributed lowland species. Laboratory incubations of methane inoculated M. quinquenervia bark reveal methane consumption (up to 96.3 µmol m-2 bark d-1) and distinct isotopic δ13C-CH4 enrichment characteristic of MOB. Molecular analysis indicates unique microbial communities reside within the bark, with methane-oxidising bacteria primarily from the genus Methylomonas comprising up to 25 % of the total microbial community. Methanotroph abundance was linearly correlated to methane uptake rates (R2 = 0.76, p = 0.006). Finally, field-based methane oxidation inhibition experiments demonstrate that bark-dwelling MOB reduce methane emissions by 36 ± 5 %. These multiple, complementary lines of evidence indicate that bark-dwelling MOB represent a novel and potentially significant methane sink, and an important frontier for further research.
The expression of miR-513c and miR-3163 was downregulated in tumor tissues compared with margin tissues of patients with breast cancer
Authors: Delgir Soheila , Ilkhani Khandan , Safi Asma , Seif Farhad , Bastami Milad , Alivand Mohammad-Reza , Montazari Vahid
Published: December 2020

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common invasive cancer with different subtypes that its metabolism is unique compared with normal cells. Glutamine is considered a critical nutrition for tumor cell growth and therefore, targeting glutamine metabolism, especially Glutaminase, which catalyzed the conversion of glutamine to glutamate can be beneficial to design anti-cancer agents. Recently, evidence has shown that miRNAs with short length and single strand properties play a significant role in regulating the genes related to glutamine metabolism and may control the development of cancer. Methods: Since, in-silico analysis confirmed that miR-513c and miR-3163 might be involved in glutamine metabolism, the expression level of these two miRNAs was evaluated in eighty BC tissues and margin tissues. The data were analyzed to evaluate the correlation between expression level of these miRNAs and patient’s characteristics such as abortion history, family history, and age. Furthermore, in-silico analysis was applied to predict the potential biological processes and molecular pathways of miR-513c and miR-3163 based on its gene targets. Results: In-silico studies revealed the top categories of biological processes and pathways that play a critical role in cancer development were target genes for miR-513c and miR-3163. The current study showed that miR-513c (P-value= 0.02062 and fold change= -2.3801) and miR-3163 (P-value= 0.02034 and fold change= -2.3792) were downregulated in tumor tissues compared to margin tissues. Furthermore, the subgroup studies did not show any substantial relationship between expression levels of these two miRNAs and factors such as age, family history cancer, and abortion. Conclusion: Based on our data, miR-513c and miR-3163 may be offered as a potential diagnosis and therapeutic targets for patients with BC.
Application of Ginkgo biloba L. extract at early stage of tumor development helps cyclophosphamide inhibit the growth of tumor cells
Authors: Chen Dawei , Yang Jinghui , Meng Fanzhu , Beseler Cheryl L. , Li Hao , Liu Xiaomei , Guo Yinpei , Qin Lili , Zuo Ruyue , Ren Shuping
Published: December 2020

Background: There is inconsistency in the application of antioxidants in tumor treatment. This study explored whether the application of an antioxidant at the early stage of tumor transplantation enhances efficacy of a chemotherapeutic agent in inhibiting tumor cell growth. Methods: EMT-6 cells were injected into 48 ICR mice. 24h later, cyclophosphamide (CTX) and Ginkgo biloba L. extract (GBE) were administered to mice separately and in combination. Apoptotic markers and related signaling pathways were measured. Tumor weights were compared and survival analysis was used to investigate latency periods in the three treatment groups compared to a PBS control group. Results: The mice administered GBE and CTX had significantly lower tumor weights compared with those administered PBS (p=0.01), however, the mice administered CTX did not have significantly lower tumor weight compared with those administered PBS (p=0.19). The expression of NF-κB, IκB-ɑ,, and the phosphorylation of NF-κB, IκB-ɑ, were all significantly decreased in the tumors from GBE+CTX (p<0.05). Moreover, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was significantly higher for the tumors of mice administered GBE+CTX than that of mice administered GBE, CTX, or PBS (p<0.05), the expression of FADD, Caspase-8, and Cyto-C was significantly increased in the tumors of mice administered GBE+CTX compared with those administered PBS or GBE (p<0.05). Conclusions: Application of an antioxidant at an early stage of tumor transplantation could help chemotherapeutic agents inhibit the growth of tumor cells. GBE+CTX treated mice showed a longer latency period to tumor development and markers that consistently indicated greater apoptotic activity and reduced tumor promotion.
Feasibility of a silicon thin film transistor-based aptamer sensor for COVID-19 detection
Authors: Farrow Thomas , Laumier Siriny , Hall Steve , Sandall Ian , Zalinge Harm van
Published: December 2020

Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 and the current lack to date of specific drugs or vaccinations to cope with the disease, it has become apparent that the surest way of dealing with this is through early diagnosis and management. Current testing has shown to be unable to rapidly and accurately provide the results required to restrict the spread. Here we report feasibility for the use of an intrinsic silicon thin film transistor functionalised with aptamers designed to attach to the spike protein of COVID-19. It is shown that a linear response can be obtained in a concentration range of 1 pM to 1 nM.
National Priorities in the Education System of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan: Trends in the Introduction of Manas Studies and Innovation
Authors:   Kyrgyz State University named after I. Arabaev, Aigul S. Mukambetova
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the article is to describe the new requirements for teaching the discipline “Manasology”. Objectives of the article: To present changes in the education system of Kyrgyzstan in connection with the adoption in 2011 of the Law “On the epic «Manas»” and to describe new technologies that can be used in the country’s education system with the introduction of the discipline “Manasology”. The object of the research is the current situation in schools and universities of Kyrgyzstan, the subject is the process of forming new teaching technologies and creating educational literature. The educational community of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan takes into account a number of teaching technologies tested in the world, the practical application of which includes the creation of new educational literature. Among them: Technology of integrated learning; Case-technology; Game technology; Technology workshops; Traditional technologies (classroom lesson system). The first technology presupposes a special type of integrated lesson, combining familiarity with the epic “Manas” simultaneously with other subjects while studying one topic. Disciplines of the auxiliary cycle can be “National Literature”, “Kyrgyz Language”, “Oral Folk Art”, etc. The second technology involves the use of educational, research and practical cases, their sources can be epic material: “Manas”, “Semetey”, “Seytek”. The third technology for game therapy, communication games, art therapy, fairy tale or myth therapy, technology of musical influence involves a direct appeal to the heroic epic “Manas”. The fourth technology – a workshop of value orientations – introduces the ideas of tolerance of all ethnic groups and interethnic harmony, covering the history, philosophy, worldview and spiritual culture of the Kyrgyz, glorifying patriotism, friendship, freedom of spirit and who played a creative role in the formation and strengthening of the Kyrgyz statehood, proclaimed in article 1 “Law on the epic «Manas»”.
Psychological and Pedagogical Conditions and Efficiency Indicator of Spatial Competence Development of the Totally Blind Adults During the Rehabilitation Training
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Svetlana A. Kalashnikova , Alexander V. Pisarenko ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: December 2020

The relevance of the research is determined by the expansion of the problem field of psychological and pedagogical research as a result of popularization of the inclusive education practices, psychological and pedagogical support of education, human training at all stages of its development. The scientific justification and implementation of individualized rehabilitation training programs is considered as a significant problem of pedagogical psychology. Spatial orientation is presented as the basis of a person’s spatial competence, which is of fundamental importance for human interaction with reality. The article describes the experience of developing spatial competence of totally blind adults during the rehabilitation training. Individual differences in the readiness of the blind with different times of occurrence of visual impairment for rehabilitation training are shown. The objectives, content and results of testing a program for developing spatial orientation skills for blind adults to a level sufficient for independent movement are presented. The program involves the development of the capabilities of intact analyzers and instrumental touch with a long cane; development of independence as a personal characteristic; awareness of one’s own significance; stimulation of activity in various areas of life. The effectiveness of the program implementation proposed by the authors for the development of spatial competence of totally blind adults is determined by the following conditions: taking into account the degree of psychological readiness of program participants for this kind of work; availability of information offered for study; gradual supply of training material; combination of practical and speech activities of program participants; implementation of the level principle in solving spatial problems.
Sustainable Development Goals and Environmental Education (to the 50th Anniversary of the Scientific Council on Environmental Education of the Russian Academy of Education)
Authors:   Institute for Strategy of Education Development of the Russian Academy of Education, Anatoly N. Zakhlebny , Dmitry S. Ermakov ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
Published: December 2020

The National Development Goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030, defined by the decree of the President (2020), corresponding to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), which were adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015. The Russian Federation conducts systematic work to implement SDG, including Goal 4, “Quality education”. The article presents a brief outline of the history of the created in 1970 Scientific Council on environmental education of the Russian Academy of Education (previously it was called Problem Council on informal environmental education of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR), the main directions of its activities and contribution to the SDG through the development of scientific and methodological support of environmental education (in contemporary wording, of the environmental education for sustainable development). With the participation of members of the Scientific Council, federal and regional textbooks on sustainable development for secondary and higher schools were published, and several monographs and dissertations were prepared. Issues of environmental protection and sustainable development are included in federal state educational standards. The Concept of general environmental education for sustainable development is prepared. The Interregional network partnership “Learning to live sustainably in a global world” is functioning. Currently, designing of the national set of SDG 4 indicators, and, particularly, an indicator 4.7.1 related to training in sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, is on the way.
Whole-institution Approach in Education for Sustainable Development: Theory and Practice
Authors:   Angoon School, Ron Gleason , Pavel N. Kirillov ,   Brookes Moscow International Baccalaureate World Continuum School, Natalia I. Koryakina ,   ANO “Platform for New Schools”, Alexander S. Ermakov ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Dmitry S. Ermakov ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
Published: December 2020

Education is an important mechanism of sustainable development implementation. Education for sustainable development (ESD) is one of the priorities of international organizations (UN, UNESCO, and other), and national governments from the beginning of the 1990s. Experience generated over three decades of implementation of ESD, as well as theoretical studies show that a whole-institution approach is required for effective furthering of ESD. Withing this approach the priorities shift from including ESD issues into a few selected subjects or events to applying ESD as a foundation for the entire functioning of an educational institution (including management and budget, education, professional development, campus design, resource use, community relations etc). The research presented in the article has been completed using systemic, problematic, and comparative approaches. Ecological systems theory and educational design are suggested as theoretical and methodological foundations for the whole institution approach. They point at the need to take into consideration child’s natural and socio-cultural environment in designing education systems. The article considers practical cases (for example, international “Eco-schools” network, Anglo-American school and other) which can be replicated in and by other organizations.
Grafting Melons Increases Yield, Extends the Harvest Season, and Prevents Sudden Wilt in New England
Authors: Ohletz Janel L. , Loy J. Brent
Published: December 2020

Melons (Cucumis melo var. reticulatis) are potentially a high value crop for New England, but production is limited by cool spring temperatures and sudden wilt. The sudden wilt syndrome in melon, attributed to both biotic and abiotic factors, is characterized by rapid wilting of vines either just preceding or during the harvest season, reducing melon quality and shortening the harvest period. We investigated the effects of grafting melons to rootstocks of interspecific hybrid squash (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata), which have exhibited tolerance to soilborne diseases and cooler soil temperatures. In 2015, we compared the performance of ‘Halona’ melon grafted to two rootstocks, ‘Carnivor’ and ‘NH1320’, to that of nongrafted (NG) plants at two New Hampshire Agriculture Experiment Research Farms, Woodman (WRF) and Kingman (KRF). Pistillate flowering and melon harvests were 3 to 9 days earlier in NG than grafted (GR) plants. By harvest period, GR plant growth exceeded that of NG plants, and GR plants did not display wilting symptoms observed in NG plants. Total marketable yields were 57% and 90% higher for GR/‘Carnivor’ (47.8 and 45.0 Mg·ha−1) and 44% and 89% higher for GR/‘NH1320’ (43.9 and 44.9 Mg·ha−1) compared with the NG treatment (30.5 and 23.7 Mg·ha−1) at WRF and KRF, respectively. There were no differences in fruit numbers per plot between treatments, but mean fruit weight was between 33% and 71% larger in GR than NG treatments. In 2016, GR (‘NH1320’ rootstock) and NG ‘Halona’ were compared at three transplantation dates, 12 and 21 May and 1 June, and with two irrigation frequencies, drip irrigation every 2 days (2-d Irr) or every 4 days (4-d Irr). NG plants exhibited symptoms of sudden wilt in early August compared with no symptoms on GR plants. Harvests of NG melons were 3 to 8 days earlier than GR plants for all three planting dates. The increase in yields of GR plants compared with NG plants for the 12 and 21 May and 1 June planting dates were, respectively, 131%, 123%, and 149% greater with the 2-day Irr, and 93%, 100%, and 78% greater with 4-d Irr. Irrigation frequency did not significantly affect fruit size or soluble solids content (SSC), whereas grafting increased both fruit number and fruit size but did not significantly affect SSC at all three planting dates.
Canned food - driver of industry development of polymer materials
Authors:   Gorbatov Research Center for Food Systems, V.B. Krylova , T.V. Gustova ,   Gorbatov Research Center for Food Systems
Published: December 2020

The development of the polymer market demonstrates the positive dynamics of domestic production. To bring competitive products to the market, it is necessary to focus on a new vector of development, given the global popularity of polymer packaging, which makes up about 50 % of all types of packaging. Of these, a large share (about 60 %) is soft packaging, and this indicator continues to grow. The food industry is the main consumer of this type of packaging. Shown are the developments and prospects of using polymer and combined types of consumer packaging in the production of meat and meat-containing canned food, canned feed for unproductive animals, as well as the classification ranking of polymer consumer packaging and some aspects of thermal canning.
Modern look at Dry Fermented Sausages
Authors:   LLC «Group of Companies PTI», N.A. Cherkashina
Published: December 2020

The article provides an overview of the technology for manufacturing dry fermented sausages, their classification and analysis of modern approaches to its manufacture. Some technological features of modern ingredients are described, which allow to optimize the manufacturing process and diversify the assortment of dry fermented sausages.
Epistemology of Islamic Education Al-Jabiri Perspective of the Conservative-Modernist-Neo Modernist Flow and Burhani-Bayani-Irfani
Authors: Utomo Sigit Tri , Mu’anayah Nur Alfi
Published: December 2020

This research is a qualitative study using a library approach, the object is the epistemology of Islamic education, conservative-modernist-neo-modernist and burhani-bayani-irfani. The data collection method in this research uses literature study. In this stage, the researcher tries to select data (books) in the epistemology of Islamic education, conservative-modernist-neo-modernist and burhani-bayani-irfani. In this writing, the analysis used with hermeneutics, namely the author explains that behind the text there is context meaning or behind the explicit meaning there is an explicit meaning if interpreted literally can be interpreted as an interpretation or interpretation of the epistemology of Islamic education, conservative-modernist-neo-modernist and burhani-bayani- irfani. The author also uses content analysis, namely research conducted on information documented in recordings, both images, sounds, writing and others. With this method, data analysis and scientific processing will be carried out on the epistemological content of Islamic education, the conservative-modernist-neo-modernist and burhani-bayani-irfani schools. The results showed that science continues to develop throughout the history of thought such as rational flow of viewing educational activities as actualizing the potentials of individuals so that according to this flow the essence of education is the transformation of various potential potentials into actual abilities. The success of the transformation of the various potentials that exist in this rational flow, is largely determined by how much the optimization of the functions of sense powers and ratios. Baby epistemology is an epistemology that emphasizes the authority of the text as an indicator of truth. Reason in this epistemology is only as a support text and does not have a good space or in other words lower when compared to the text. In object Bayani tradition can be seen in fiqh. Second, Burhani epistemology is knowledge gained from demonstrative analogies which in this case gives the role of reason and senses in human beings. Third, the epistemologist irfani is knowledge gathered from the human heart.
Stroke and air pollution. a worldwide public health problem
Authors:   University Hospital of Dijon, 2 Boulevard du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000, Dijon, France, Giroud M. , Reis J. ,   University of Strasbourg, 3 rue du loir, Oberhausbergen, Strasbourg, 67205, France
Published: December 2020

After myocardial infarction, stroke is now associated with air pollution. From local data and literature, we report the strength of the association between air pollution and stroke. We try to understand the biological mechanisms between exposure to air pollutants and stroke risk. The association between air pollution and stroke is strong, confirmed and real. Air pollution and small particulate matter are the most toxic. Patients with classical neuro-vascular risk factors or a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack are at risk of stroke induced by air pollution. Air pollution is a serious modifiable risk factor for stroke and a silent killer inducing stroke. This new neuro-vascular risk factor is useful for public health policies.
Air pollution as a contributing factor of relapses and cases of multiplesclerosis
Authors:   Department of Neurosciences, Uppsala University, 3 Husargatan, Uppsala, SE-752 36, Sweden, Zhukovsky C. , Bind M.-A. ,   Department of Statistics, Harvard University, MA 02138, Massachusetts Hall, Cambridge, USA, Boström I. ,   Departments of Neurology and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden, Landtblom A.-M. ,   Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
Published: December 2020

The role of air pollution exposure in multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence and relapse worldwide has not yielded a consensus; some studies have reported positive associations, which have failed to reject the null hypothesis. Potential reasons for these contradictory results can in part be explained by differences in study designs and their associated limitations. Of note, rat and canine studies in 2010 and 2013, respectively, have shown that expression of HO-1 enzyme and inflammatory factors increased due to PM10 and diesel engine exhaust (DEE) exposure. Of the eight non-null epidemiological studies scrutinized, the majority included a retrospective study design with air pollution monitoring data, which may be an advantage due to large number of study participants and a disadvantage with possible air pollution measurement error for personal exposure. The studies included analyses of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, NOx and/or O3 with PM10 as the common denominator between all of them. Studies from 2003, 2014–2019 from Finland, France, Iran, Italy, and Serbia all provide evidence of an association between PM10 and incidence or relapse of MS. Though one 2018 study likewise described associations between exposures to NO2, O3, and PM10 and MS relapses using a case-crossover design, the multi-pollutant model only associated O3. Of the epidemiological studies that fail to reject the null hypothesis, there was no evidence of an association between PM10 exposure and MS relapse or incidence. Though air pollution has not been conclusively proven to be a cause of MS, evidence from multiple studies have associated incidence and relapse with exposure to pollutants, particularly PM10.
Vaccination against swine flu caused narcolepsy in several european countries
Authors:   Departments of Neurology and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden, Boström I. , Lindberger O. ,   Department of Neurosciences, Uppsala University, 3 Husargatan, Uppsala, SE-752 36, Sweden,   Uppsala Innovative Wellness Center Ekeby Hälsocenter, 21 Ekebi Bruk, Uppsala, SE-752 63, Sweden, Partinen M. ,   Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Helsinki, 4 Haartmaninkatu, Helsinki, 00014, Finland,   Helsinki Sleep Clinic, Vitalmed Research Centre, 3 Sitratori, Helsinki, 00420, Finland, Landtblom A.M. ,   Departments of Neurology and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden,   Department of Neurosciences, Uppsala University, 3 Husargatan, Uppsala, SE-752 36, Sweden
Published: December 2020

Narcolepsy is a rare sleeping disorder that gives sleep onset rapid eye movement periods and excessive daytime sleepiness. It is divided into two subgroups, narcolepsy type 1 where there also is orexin deficiency and cataplexy and narcolepsy type 2 that lack these features. Narcolepsy type 1 is assumed to be an autoimmune disease with destruction of orexinproducing cells. The pathology behind is unclear. There is a strong association to a class II HLA allele, HLADQB1*06:02 and the H1N1-virus and streptococcal infections has also been associated with narcolepsy. The severity of narcolepsy differs between patients from those who can manage their disease without medication to those who has a severe impact on their everyday life. There is a diagnostic delay between the onset of symptoms and time for diagnosis that in some cases can be more than a decade. The global mean prevalence is 30 per 100 000 inhabitants. The incidence in children in northern Europe has risen since 2010. An early study of the 2009 H1N1 influenza A pandemic indicated a high mortality and prompted efforts to rapidly come up with a vaccine. One of these was Pandemrix that was the most widely used in Europe and 61 % of the inhabitants in Sweden was vaccinated. Studies have shown an increased incidence of narcolepsy type 1 in European countries that had used Pandemrix, but no increased risk was seen in countries that had used other vaccines than Pandemrix.
Chrześcijańska sprawiedliwość społeczna kierunkiem dla rozwoju środowiska przyjaznego życiu
Authors: Biały Stanisław
Published: December 2020

Justice (perfection) of a democratic law-abiding State expressed as an environment of social life: this is an issue, that very frequently is present upon the lips of jurists, politicians, political scientists, legislature members, but also: ethicists, bioethicists, moralists, theologians, and others. This subject has been also taken for reflection because of the fact, that we are living in such a system, and more: we must struggle with many problems, which make one ask: is the democratic system that is being constructed founded on sufficiently healthy foundations, so that it may be possible to say that we are all equal in relation to the law being passed and that its principles are just? So we have taken up here an ethical reflection on the subject of the philosophy of law and State (that is: philosophy of care for our life environment) predominant in the European Union, the directives of which, coming from different treaties and agreements, are being applied to our home legislature. The main axis, around which our reflections were developed, where the basic principles of the Christian concept of social justice. These are the basis for interpersonal and international dialogue. These principles are: «peace», «solidarity », «justice», «freedom », «truth» and «love». The main conclusion stemming from this article is: in the concept of State and law of today there is a lack of a permanent point of reference, and this point of reference should be the principle of social justice based on objective truth.
Co odróżnia ekotoksykologię od ekologii?
Authors: Sosak-Świderska Bożena
Published: December 2020

Ecotoxicology is concerned with the toxic effects of chemical and physical agents on living organisms, especially on populations and communities within defined ecosystems; it includes the transfer pathways of those agents and their interactions with the environment. Rene Truhaut, a French toxicologist coined the term ecotoxicology - a new branch of toxicology which defined as the study of the adverse effects of xenobiotics (foreign substances).  Both toxicology and ecology are well established. Ecological studies do not typically deal with the organism itself but stress the relation of organisms to their environments. On the contrary toxicological effects occur at many scales: at the cellular or tissue level and enzymes are induced. The most difficult question it seems in ecotoxicology is the choice of the endpoint. Environmentally appealing endpoints such as NOEC (no observable effects concentrations) are difficult to justify Ecotoxicology implies the interfacing of the fields of ecology and environmental toxicology at the population level, there are mortality and selection; at the community level, there is the replacement of species. Most ecotoxicological research to present has used previously existing methods that were expanded into this new field of research, rather than developing new or integrated practices. Research into the transport and chemical transformation of substances has become the field of environmental chemistry, which makes use of analytical techniques (for example QSAR). Ecotoxicology or environmental toxicology and ecology have distinct research programs that identify different problems and that take different things for granted. In addition are there the differences in tools, methods, theories, and concepts, scientists in each of the two disciplines view them as two different fields. Ecotoxicology is a multidisciplinary science and still has not been able to establish itself.
Wybrane pojęcia stosowane w naukach o środowisku i ich interpretacja
Authors: Biernat Krzysztof
Published: December 2020

Streszczenie jest niedostępne.
Edukacja ekologiczna w Gminie Miejskiej Giżycko
Authors: Grott Edward
Published: December 2020

Streszczenie jest niedostępne.
Lokalne partnerstwo w polityce ochrony środowisk - na przykładzie planu gospodarki odpadami w powiecie płockim
Authors: Niedek Michał
Published: December 2020

Streszczenie jest niedostępne.
Propedeutyka polityki środowiskowej
Authors: Molak Dominika
Published: December 2020

Streszczenie jest niedostępne.
GPRASP/ARMCX Protein Family: Potential Involvement in Health and Diseases Revealed by their Novel Interacting Partners
Authors: Kaeffer Juliette , Zeder-Lutz Gabrielle , Simonin Frédéric , Lecat Sandra
Published: December 2020

GPRASP (GPCR-associated sorting protein)/ARMCX (ARMadillo repeat-Containing proteins
on the X chromosome) family is composed of 10 proteins, whose genes are located on a small locus
of the X chromosome except one. They possess at least two armadillo-like repeats on their carboxylterminal
homologous sequence, but they can be subdivided on specific sequence features. Subfamily 1
(GPRASP1, GPRASP2, GPRASP3, ARMCX4 and ARMCX5) displays additional repeated motifs while
a mitochondrial targeting transmembrane domain is present in subfamily 2 (ARMC10, ARMCX1,
ARMCX2, ARMCX3 and ARMCX6). Although their roles are not yet fully understood, the recent identification
of several interacting partners has shed new light on the processes in which GPRASP/ARMCX
proteins are implicated. Among the interacting partners of proteins from subfamily 1, many are GPCRs.
GPRASP1 binds trafficking proteins, such as Beclin2 and the Dysbindin-HRS-Gαs complex, to participate
in GPCR post-endocytic sorting. Moreover, in vitro as well as in vivo experiments indicate that
GPRASP1 is a critical player in the adaptive responses related to chronic treatments with GPCR agonists.
GPRASP2 seems to play a key role in the signaling of the hedgehog pathway in the primary cilium
through a Smoothened-GPRASP2-Pifo complex. Identified small compound inhibitors of this complex
could treat drug-resistant smoothened derived cancer forms. Deletion of GPRASP2 in mice causes neurodevelopmental
alteration and affects mGluR5 regulation, reflected by autism-like behavior. Several
members of subfamily 2, in complex with TRAK2 and MIRO, are involved in the trafficking of mitochondria
in axons and in the regulation of their size and division, influencing the cell cycle. The essential
role of GPRASP/ARMCX proteins in cellular physiology is supported by human cases of deletions,
causing male neonatal lethality by pulmonary delayed development, dysmorphic face, and psychiatric
and intellectual impacts in females.
Recent Progress in Prediction Systems for Drug-induced Liver Injury Using In vitro Cell Culture
Authors: Ozawa Shogo , Miura Toshitaka , Terashima Jun , Habano Wataru , Ishida Seiichi
Published: December 2020

Background:

In order to avoid drug-induced liver injury (DILI), in vitro assays, which enable the assessment of both metabolic activation and immune reaction processes that ultimately result in DILI, are needed.

Objective:

In this study, recent progress in the application of in vitro assays using cell culture systems is reviewed for potential DILI-causing drugs/xenobiotics and a mechanistic study on DILI, as well as on the limitations of in vitro cell culture systems for DILI research, was carried out.

Methods:

Information related to DILI was collected through a literature search of the PubMed database.

Results:

The initial biological event for the onset of DILI is the formation of cellular protein adducts after drugs have been metabolically activated by drug metabolizing enzymes. The damaged peptides derived from protein adducts lead to the activation of CD4+helper T lymphocytes and recognition by CD8+cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which destroy hepatocytes through immunological reactions. Because DILI is a major cause of drug attrition and drug withdrawal, numerous in vitro systems consisting of hepatocytes and immune/inflammatory cells or spheroids of human primary hepatocytes containing non-parenchymal cells have been developed. These cellular-based systems have identified DILI-inducing drugs, with approximately 50% sensitivity and 90% specificity.

Conclusion:

Different co-culture systems consisting of human hepatocyte-derived cells and other immune/inflammatory cells have enabled the identification of DILI-causing drugs and of the actual mechanisms of action.
Micronutrient Biofortification in Rice through New Breeding Techniques (NBTs): Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Sarkar Bishajit , Akter Fayza , Johora Fatema Tuz , Ullah Md. Asad , Shohael Abdullah Mohammad
Published: December 2020

Background:

Micronutrient deficiencies are serious health issues in developing countries of Asia and Africa,
where millions of people are suffering from inadequate micronutrient intake. In Bangladesh, micronutrient deficiencies
are found severe due to low income, food habits, and rice-based staple food consumption, (rice has an insufficiency of
different types of vitamins and minerals). To lessen micronutrient malnutrition, supplementation has been employed but
has not yet reached the goal. Agronomic and genetic biofortification has the potential to address micronutrient
deficiencies. Biofortification in Rice grain is a convenient and affordable way to supply the desired micronutrients. The
development of micronutrient-rich popular rice cultivars through conventional breeding is currently being harnessed for
the limitation of natural resources of the related donor rice cultivars containing the required amount of micronutrients. To
overcome these hurdles of conventional breeding, genetic engineering and genome editing have emerged as promising
tools of micronutrient biofortification in rice.

Methods:

Identify the needs and explore the potential strategies by the search for relevant literature known to the authors
was carried out to complete this review.

Results:

Highlighted here the sources, functions, and requirements of iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B9, and
betanin in rice and their biofortification through conventional breeding, genetic engineering, and genome editing including
their promises and hindrances.

Conclusion:

New breeding techniques are timely alternatives for developing nutrient-rich rice cultivars to eliminate
hidden hunger and poverty in Bangladesh.