bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Anthropogenic Atmospheric Pollutants on the Prevalence of Congenital Malformations in Newborns
Authors: Agarkov N. M. , Churnosov M. I. , Osipova O. A. , Sharapova O. V. , Modestov A. A. , Korovin E. N. , Eckert N. V.
Published: January 2021

Rationale.The congenital malformations are the important indicator of the environmental condition, and the anthropogenic pollution of the atmosphere effects strongly the incidence of malformations in the newborns.Purpose of the Study.It is the study of the cause-and-effect relationship between the incidence of malformations in newborns and anthropogenic atmospheric pollutants using the correlation and variance methods, and the development of the mathematical models to predict the formation of the congenital malformations depending on the specific pollutants.Material and methods.The correlation and variance methods were used to study the relationships of the main anthropogenic atmospheric pollutants with the incidence of the congenital malformations in all newborns in Belgorod city in 2000–2015. The predictive models were developed based on the regression method.Results.The most effect of the excess of the maximum allowable average daily concentrations of ammonia and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere on the prevalence of the congenital malformations of various systems and organs was determined with 11 reliable correlations with the congenital malformations studied and those in general. According to the results of the analysis of variance, the maximum level of the combined effect of the anthropogenic air pollutants was revealed for the congenital malformations of the musculoskeletal system (95.69%), face and neck (94.66%), central nervous system (92.31%), digestive system (93.76%).Conclusion.The regression models created at the level required assure the prediction of the various forms of the congenital malformations depending on the anthropogenic pollutants.
Vascular Type of Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome – a Rare Monogenic Connective Tissue Disease
Authors: Semyachkina А. N. , Nikolaeva E. А. , Dantsev I. S. , Melikyan L. P. , Pavlova M. S.
Published: January 2021

The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a rare (orphan) disease characterized by the connective tissue dysplasia, fragility of the blood vessels and tissues, and variable clinical pattern. The vascular type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, which belongs to Group A according to the classification of 2017, is caused by the mutations in gene of alpha-1 chain of type III collagen COL3A1. The disease is characterized by the high mortality rate of the patients due to the spontaneous ruptures of the vascular walls and hollow viscera. The International Consortium (2017) developed the criteria for the clinical diagnosis of the vascular type of Ehlers – Danlos syndrome. The clinical case of the 16-year-old male patient with vascular type of Ehlers – Danlos syndrome is presented. The molecular genetic testing revealed in the child the previously described pathogenic mutation of splice site p.Gly798_Pro815del of COL3A1 gene associated with the severe course of the disease. In spite of the set of therapy measures aimed at the vascular reinforcement, stimulation and normalization of energy and mineral metabolism, the death occurred in 10 months due to the rupture of the aorta and renal artery. The Conclusion of the forensic medical examination is presented. The results of the care presented indicate that in order to avoid the omission of patients, it is advisable to revise the minimum set of signs required for the clinical diagnosis.
REJİ UYGULAMALARI VE TÜTÜN KAÇAKÇILIĞINI ENGELLEMEYE YÖNELİK BİR GİRİŞİM: KORDON BÖLÜKLERİ
Authors: ALTUNSOY Burak
Published: January 2021

19. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde Osmanlı Devleti’nin içinde bulunduğu siyasi ve askeri sorunlar, beraberinde mâli bir darboğaz oluşturdu. Devletin bu sorunu aşmak adına ilk etapta iç borçlanmaya gitmesi ihtiyaç duyulan para teminini sağlayamayınca 1853-1856 Kırım Savaşı esnasında ilk kez İngiltere’den dış borç alındı. Zaman içerisinde alınan dış borçlara yenilerinin eklenmesi bir süre sonra Osmanlı ekonomisinin iflasını doğurdu ve alacaklı devletler borçlarının teminini sağlamak için Düyûn-ı Umûmiye İdaresi kurarak Osmanlı Devleti’nin çeşitli vergi gelirlerine el koydu. Bu vergiler içerisinde yer alan tütün vergisinin gelirleri Reji İdaresi denilen kuruma bırakıldı ve Reji ülke içerisinde tekel (yed-i vâhid) şeklinde bütün tütün vergilerini toplamakla görevlendirildi. Fakat zamanla Reji ile tütün üreticisi arasında yaşanan sorunlar tütün kaçakçılığının artmasına yol açtı. Kaçakçılığı engellemek adına Reji’nin silahlı birliği olan kolcular ile kaçakçılar arasında çatışmalar yaşandı. Çalışmamızda yaşanan bu çatışmalara, Reji kolcularına destek için kurulan Kordon bölüklerinin teşkilat şemasına ve faaliyet alanlarına değinilecektir.
Design of low-cost wireless noise monitoring sensor unit based on IoT concept
Authors: Anachkova Maja , Domazetovska Simona , Petreski Zlatko , Gavriloski Viktor
Published: January 2021

The recent expansion of wireless sensor networks (WSN) in urban cities has led to possibility of generation of large amounts of information data from the environmental monitoring systems among which one of the most concerning is the excessive urban noise pollution. As opposed to the conventional noise mapping procedures that involve costly and time-consuming measurement process with a traditional high-priced noise level meter, the low-cost wireless sensor networks provide a method for achieving data collection and analysis with a higher level of granularity. Тhis paper presents a wireless noise sensor unit design for continuous environmental noise level monitoring as a framework for the realization of the Internet of Things (IoT) and „Smart city” concept. The concept involves the complete noise data information system, from sensor structure to data visualization and data analysis. The overall design, characteristics and performance of the sensing system for continuous measuring urban noise pollution is discussed.
Zarządzanie infrastrukturą miejską w republikańskim i cesarskim Rzymie
Authors: Kamińska Renata
Published: January 2021

Okres przełomu republiki i pryncypatu zapisał się na kartach historii Imperium Rzymskiego jako czas wielu zmian, zarówno o charakterze ustrojowo-politycznym, jak i administracyjnym i społeczno-gospodarczym. Przeobrażenia w sposobie rządzenia państwem zaowocowały pojawieniem się nowych organów publicznych, które odebrały dotychczasowym ich znaczenie. Zmiany te wpłynęły także na strukturę, sposób rządzenia i infrastrukturę miast, a zwłaszcza Rzymu.

W przypadku administracji publicznej w zakresie infrastruktury miejskiej transformacja ustrojowa wraz ze zmianami społecznymi spowodowały, że jej funkcje w tym zakresie uległy znacznemu rozszerzeniu, a sposób ich pełnienia został dostosowany do treści i skali aktualnych potrzeb.
Historyczny rozwój sądowej kontroli administracji w Anglii do połowy XX wieku
Authors: Stępkowski Aleksander
Published: January 2021

Tekst omawia proces wczesnego kształtowania się sądowej kontroli działań administracji na gruncie angielskiej kultury prawnej i politycznej. Wychodząc od przybliżenia średniowiecznych instytucji procesowych, poprzez prezentację doktrynalnego kontekstu, w jakim one funkcjonowały, jak również rozwijającej się dyskusji prawnej nad relacją między administracją i common law, tekst przybliża realia instytucjonalne sądowej kontroli nad administracją w Anglii od XVII do połowy XX w., kiedy to rozpoczyna się nowy rozdział w rozwoju tej kontroli. W tekście starano się przedstawić złożoność podjętej problematyki oraz dyskusję, która toczyła się nad zasadnością utrzymywania odrębności angielskiej kultury prawa publicznego względem modeli funkcjonujących w Europie kontynentalnej
Konkurencyjność powództw z art. 189 k.p.c. i art. 10 u.k.w.h. (uwagi na tle wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z 23 marca 2018 r.)
Authors: Gapska Edyta
Published: January 2021

W artykule poruszona została kwestia relacji pomiędzy powództwem o usunięcie niezgodności między treścią księgi wieczystej a rzeczywistym stanem prawnym, znajdującym podstawę normatywną w art. 10 u.k.w.h., i powództwem z art. 189 k.p.c. o ustalenie istnienia lub nieistnienia prawa lub stosunku prawnego. Autorka aprobująco odnosi się do poglądu akcentującego odmienność celów i charakteru obu tych powództw jako zmierzających do osiągnięcia innego rodzaju ochrony prawnej. Weryfikacja tego założenia pozwala także na zaaprobowanie tezy, że interesu prawnego w wytoczeniu powództwa o ustalenie na podstawie art. 189 k.p.c. nie wyklucza możliwość zgłoszenia przez powoda roszczenia z art. 10 u.k.w.h.

W ocenie autorki powyższe stanowisko nie uzasadnia jednak posługiwania się na gruncie prawa procesowego cywilnego pojęciem „zbieg roszczeń w zakresie ww. powództw” i to zarówno z przyczyn metodologicznych, jak i normatywnych. Z perspektywy wspomnianej odmienności form ochrony prawnej i sfery, w zakresie której ta ochrona ma oddziaływać, nieuprawnione jest twierdzenie, że powództwa z art. 10 u.k.w.h. i art. 189 k.p.c. są w stanie zaspokoić ten sam interes prawny.
Emerging Facts on Chronic Consumption of Aspartame as Food Additive
Authors: Burh Anjali , Batra Sonali , Sharma Sumit
Published: January 2021

Low caloric sugars of intense sweetness are world widely used as artificial sweeteners.
Aspartame, being a non-nutritive sugar, acts as a sweetening agent and flavour enhancer which
leads to the replacement of many nutritive sugars. The origin of aspartame was serendipitous, but it
has been into huge controversy since then related to its toxic effects that come along with its excess
sweetness. It is quite evident that aspartame has its toxicity due to its metabolites which are -
phenylalanine (50%), aspartic acid (40%), and a small amount of methanol (10%). The present review
entails in detail the mechanism and the harmful effects of metabolites based on various
studies carried out on aspartame for long. According to World Health Organization, the acceptable
daily intake of aspartame is 40 mg/kg bw except for phenylketonurics. Toxicity of aspartame and
its metabolites is controversial but its chronic consumption as a food additive is considered
treacherous. Hence, it is assumed as unsafe for human use if ingested on regular basis. The present
review focuses on the collective data signifying adverse events associated with aspartame linking
nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, reproductive abnormalities and apoptosis to aspartame usage.
Dietary Carbohydrates - Requirement and Recommendation in the Human Diet
Authors: Ahsan Haseeb
Published: January 2021

Background:

Dietary carbohydrates are a group of natural compounds that includes simple
sugars and complex polysaccharides in addition to fibres. The primary role of carbohydrates is
to provide energy for various physiological functions in the body.

Objective:

A relatively high intake of complex carbohydrates and a limited intake of added or free
sugars are generally recommended for a healthy diet. Carbohydrates are essential nutrients that are
obtained from consumed food and cannot be synthesized by the body.

Methods:

The requirement of carbohydrates in diets such as sugars, starches, and fibres is essential
to understand and evaluate the nutritional status of individuals, populations, and the epidemiology
of deficiency diseases.

Results:

The dietary guidelines specify that carbohydrates should provide about half of the total
calories in a balanced diet while free sugars should be limited to 5-10% of energy. Dietary fibre is
a non-digestible carbohydrate that is not absorbed in the body but is important for satiety and laxation.
Adult humans should consume 40-60% of their daily calorie intake from carbohydrates, except
for infants and children who need a higher proportion of fats and proteins in their diet.

Conclusion:

It is recommended to consume complex carbohydrates and dietary fibres in the diet
for health. Free and added sugars are not recommended if a person is diabetic, obese, and trying to
lose weight. The function of different types of carbohydrates in the diet is an active area of study
and further recommendations are essential to elucidate its function in health and diseases.
Recent Advances and New Discussions on Superhydrophobic Coatings and Admixtures Applied to Cementitious Materials
Authors: Carneiro Laísa do Rosário Souza , Houmard Manuel , Ludvig Péter
Published: January 2021

Increasing the durability of buildings is one of the biggest challenges of the construction industry of the 21st century. The problems concerning durability are usually related to the presence of humidity or to water infiltration in the porous cementitious materials used in buildings. Advances in biomimetics have allowed the development of superhydrophobic surfaces and materials, with contact angles greater than 150°, which are able to repel water and aqueous products. In this context, this work summarizes the recent advances on superhydrophobic coatings and admixtures applied to cementitious materials. Recommendations for the future improvement of such products are made. The synthesis of superhydrophobic coatings generally includes the deposition of a low surface energy material (LSEM), especially fluoroalkylsilanes, on a microroughened surface, which, in cementitious materials, is usually achieved with the help of nanoparticles or micrometric molds. In this sense, variables as the spraying time duration, and the nanoparticles concentration, surface area and average particle size were identified as directly influencing the surface superhydrophobicity. Functionalized nanoparticles can also be introduced in cement matrix during the paste mixing in order to obtain a longer lasting waterproofing effect. In this case, hybrid nanosilica may react with Ca(OH)2 through pozzolanic reaction. The C-S-H formed may incorporate the organic group of hybrid nanosilica, and might present superhydrophobicity as well, modifying the composite’s microstructure. Besides, the cost of fabricating hydrophobic materials is decisive for their market entry. Hence, the partial or total replacement of fluoroalkylsilanes with less expensive LSEMs seems promising and needs to be further explored.
Etiology of Neuroinflammatory Pathologies in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Treatise
Authors: Downs Bernard W. , Kushner Steve , Bagchi Manashi , Blum Kenneth , Badgaiyan Rajendra D. , Chakraborty Sanjoy , Bagchi Debasis
Published: January 2021

Background:

Conventional medical therapies for neurodegenerative diseases primarily target anti-inflammatory interventions, immune suppression of autoimmune pathologies, and, depending on the diagnosed pathological mechanisms, neurotransmitter reuptake inhibition, among other tactics. However, the incidence of neuroinflammatory pathologies appears to be progressively increasing. The National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in 2016, estimated that 5.4 million Americans were living with Alzheimer's. If no effective solutions are found and implemented, within 30 years of this publication, according to data from Harvard, more than 12 million Americans will suffer from neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods:

Rather than investigating greater etiological depth, modern medicine seems to have been designed to addressing obvious symptomologies to relieve suffering for as long as possible until neuropathological progress inevitably wins in achieving complete functional disability and death. Researchers are reporting herein evidence-based effective treatment therapies that are outside conventional medical standard of care therapies.

Conclusion:

These therapies are the result of a deeper exploration into etiological factors, including an expanded understanding of the role of anaerobic pathologies in the etiology of neuroinflammatory disorders and methods of reverting to a competent aerobic metabolism. Such therapies include a liquid VMP35 MNC; a greater focus on viral mechanistic pathologies and their remission; and understanding of the genetic basis for a loss of neurological interconnectivity and consequential reward deficiencies in combination with neuronutrient deficiencies, enabling neuronutrient repletion with nutrigenomic therapies such as the KB220Z.
Prospects of Antiviral Drugs Derived from Natural Products: Targeting
SARS-CoV Entry and Replication
Authors: Soon Tsuey Ning , Yap Wei Hsum , Lim Ya Chee , Long Chiau Ming , Goh Bey Hing , Tang Yin-Quan
Published: January 2021

:

The recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its rapid spread from continent to continent
pose a global health emergency. Researchers are making headway to combat the ongoing COVID-19
to prevent further losses. Many natural antiviral compounds have been explored for their potential
application in treating viral infections, including those caused by SARS- and MERS-CoV. This
review focuses on natural compounds that have been showing promising results against SARS-CoV,
SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV, along with their mechanism of action. The entry and replication of
CoV are among the major mechanism for the spread of COVID-19. In this context, natural
compounds inhibiting the proteins essential for SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication in the nanomolar
(nicotianamine) and micromolar (baicalin, baicalein, scutellarein, dihydromyricetin, quercetagetin,
myricetin, amentoflavone, herbacetin, isobavachalcone, quercetin 3‐β‐d‐glucoside, helichrysetin,
hirsutenone, hirsutanonol, oregonin, rubranol, rubranoside B, rubranoside A, tanshinones, emodin,
and griffithsin) concentration could be potential sources of new anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
belief on the law of karma moderates the effect of idealism and professional commitment on the ethical decisions of tax consultants
Authors: Vinayanthi Ni Made , Wirakusuma Made Gede , Suprasto Herkulanus Bambang , Putri I G A M Asri Dwija
Published: January 2021

Ethical decision is a decision that is both legally and morally that can be accepted by the wider community. The importance of ethical decisions is taken in solving problems experienced effectively, so that decisions taken do not violate applicable norms and can be accepted by the wider community. The purpose of this study is to find out and obtain empirical evidence about the role of belief in the law of karma in moderating the influence of idealism and professional commitment to the ethical decisions of tax consultants. The population in this study are all registered tax consultants in the Province of Bali. This research analysis technique uses Moderate Regression Analysis (MRA). Based on the results of the analysis it was found that idealism has a positive effect on the ethical decisions of tax consultants. Professional commitment has a positive effect on the ethical decisions of tax consultants. Belief in the law of karma reinforces the influence of idealism on the ethical decisions of tax consultants. Belief in the law of karma reinforces the influence of professional commitment on the ethical decisions of tax consultants.
The Effect of Insecticide Application on Plutella xylostella Linn. and its Parasitoid Diadegma sp.
Authors: Rahardjo Bambang Tri , Widjayanti Tita , Anggraini Antika
Published: January 2021

Cabbage is one of the commodities that mostly cultivated in Indonesia, but the cabbage farmers often suffered losses because of pests' attack. The important pests on cabbage is Plutella xylostella. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness level of an insecticide with active ingredient carbaryl 85% in controlling P. xylostella which attacks cabbage and its impact on the parasitoid of Diadegma sp. This research uses a randomized block design with six treatments and four replications. The treatments were different concentrations of the insecticide carbaryl 85%. The testing on Diadegma sp. used two methods, directly and indirectly test (residual exposure). The carbaryl 85% was not effective in controlling P. xylostella, but the population was decreasing. The carbaryl 85% with the highest effect in reducing P. xylostella population was 3.0 g/l. The carbaryl 85% did not affect on the mortality of natural enemies (Diadegma sp. parasitoid) after direct and indirect test.
World Health Organization guidelines, the COVID-19 pandemic, and transnational law
Authors: Márcio Cruz Paulo , Piffer Carla
Published: January 2021

The reflections within this paper discuss the importance of transnational law, following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, considerations are made about the transnational law produced by the World Health Organisation (“WHO”) against COVID-19. Also, an analysis will be made of the central categories and their relationship with the prefix “trans” and transnational law. Subsequently, the WHO as an entity is discussed along with its emergence and performance in the elaboration of a transnational legal framework, which is to be considered when internalising its guidelines by each Member State. In the context of final considerations, it is emphasised that, in addition to the importance that should be attributed to transnational law, the work of WHO, as a transnational actor, practices materialised acts such as transnational law, both in terms of guidance and in connection with public health matters. The methodology used was based on the inductive method, using the bibliographic research.
Vibration analysis of nonlinear and linear elastic systems
Authors: Lichkovakha A. S. , Shemshura B. A. , Kuznetsov S. A.
Published: January 2021

Objective. In this study, the task is to establish the theoretical prerequisites for the operability of a regressive-progressive elastic mechanism by comparing the amplitude-frequency characteristics and phase trajectories with a linear elastic system of comparable stiffness in a static equilibrium position.

Methods. The article presents a comparative dynamic analysis of vibrations of elastic systems with linear rigidity and regressive-progressive characteristics obtained as a result of the use of elastic elements in the form of high flexibility rods with longitudinal eccentric compression. Such elastic elements in various design variants have been tested and patented as damping elements for use in the construction of vibration dampers for construction structures and vehicle suspensions, and have experimentally shown their effectiveness in damping vibrations.

Results. The regressiveprogressive elastic characteristic obtained by the elliptic parameters method and using the ANSIS calculation complex is used in the dynamics equations in an approximated form, which expands the capabilities of the method. It is shown that increasing the energy intensity of a curvilinear system reduces the vibration amplitude.

Conclusion. The regressive-progressive change of the stiffness of curvilinear elastic systems can be achieved using an elastic element with eccentric longitudinal compression; the regression plot of elastic properties is achieved due to eccentric compression; the progressive plot – through the use of a guide or other design solutions. The implementation of this characteristic allows using such elastic mechanisms in systems where the accumulation of potential energy occurs with a smaller compression stroke for the same perturbation than for linear systems.
Optimization of strutted beam parameters
Authors: Yusupov A. K. , Musеlеmov H. M. , Ustarhanov T. O.
Published: January 2021

Objective. The objective of the research is to design strutted beams that have optimal parameters for metal consumption.

Methods. A mathematical simulation of the operation of a strutted beam with elastic support in the middle of the span is used. The calculation formulas are obtained based on the solution of the corresponding differential equation of the transverse bend of the upper crossbar of the strutted beam.

Results. A method has been developed to optimize the design parameters of a single-strut beam. Constructive calculation schemes are given, as well as formulas that allow assigning design parameters ensuring a minimum of metal consumption while maintaining the technological simplicity of manufacturing a strutted beam. An algorithm is constructed that can be used to design single-strut beams. The resulting calculation formulas are brief and easy to use.

Conclusion. The proposed method allows reducing the weight of a single-strut beam by up to 60% compared to conventional beams.
Kurbanova. Design of energy-efficient high-speed computer equipment based on cost-effective light transistors
Authors: Gadgiev H. M. , Ismailova Sh. T. , Kurbanova P. A.
Published: January 2021

Objective. The article deals with the formation of cost-effective light transistors for creating high-speed energy-efficient computer structures that can solve numerous problems with high speed and accuracy. For this purpose, various types of semiconductor structures are used that can emit and absorb photons for receiving and transmitting digital information.

Methods. The use of mirror electrodes allows for repeated re-reflection of the generated photons inside the light transistor to recover all the generated energy into electricity. This increases the energy efficiency of the transistor as a whole and allows implementing computer devices with high efficiency in solving various tasks.

Results. Most of the useful energy of the information signal is transferred from one electrode to another, and the movement has a higher speed due to the use of photons, rather than drifting electrons, and this indirectly increases the speed of the light transistor by several orders of magnitude and effectively solves the problem of implementing more powerful and high-speed transistors with greater economic benefits.

Conclusion. Prospects for the implementation of high-speed energy-efficient computer structures based on both bipolar transistors and unipolar transistors, as well as thyristors, lasers, and other semiconductor components in light-emitting structures have been developed.
Method for forming a titanium-germanium contact layer for thermostabilization of transistors
Authors: Ismailov T. A. , Shakhmayeva A. R. , Yusufov Sh. A. , Kazalieva E.
Published: January 2021

Objective. The objective of the study is to obtain high-quality and reproducible electrophysical parameters of thin-film metal layers, the formation technology of which determines the reliability and quality of microelectronic products – silicon transistors.

Methods. A method for forming a two-layer titanium-germanium metallization to create a contact and remove heat from the collector junction of high-power semiconductor transistors on the reverse side of plates with formed structures is proposed. The proposed method ensures the quality of the soldered connection and thermal stabilization of semiconductor devices, increasing the reliability of the studied devices in radio electronic equipment systems.

Results. This combination of sprayed metals provides a reliable contact to the collector area when the crystal is placed on the base of the case, which reduces the resistance of the ohmic transition and increases the output of suitable devices.

Conclusion. Based on the results of experimental procedures, the optimal thicknesses of metal layers deposited on the reverse side of transistor crystals were obtained during the formation of metallization to fit crystals on the base of the case. The Ti-Ge system stability is studied. The technical result of the research is to improve the quality of planting by obtaining a uniform distribution of the Ti-Ge layer in a single technological cycle at a given temperature with a certain thickness for each metal separately.
Primer registro de Clavulina fuscolilacina (Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) para México
Authors: Uitzil Colli Michael Oswaldo , De la Fuente Javier Isaac , Arana Yepez Beni Josue
Published: January 2021

Antecedentes y Objetivos: El género Clavulina pertenece a la familia Hydnaceae (Cantharellales, Basidiomycota). Estos hongos presentan hábitos ectomicorrizógenos y se distribuyen tanto en bosques templados como tropicales, siendo estos últimos donde se encuentra la mayor diversidad de especies. El presente documento tiene como finalidad contribuir al conocimiento de la funga tropical mexicana, en específico de la Península de Yucatán.
Métodos: La recolección de los ejemplares se llevó a cabo en los estados de Quintana Roo y Yucatán en vegetación costera y selva baja caducifolia, respectivamente. Se siguieron los protocolos micológicos generales para la recolección, caracterización y curación de los basidiomas. El material revisado se encuentra depositado en los herbarios ITCV, del Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria y UADY, de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán.
Resultados clave: Clavulina fuscolilacina se caracteriza por sus basidiomas claviformes o ramificados, de color lila o gris, que crecen gregarios bajo Polygonaceae como Coccoloba uvifera y Gymnopodium floribundum, posiblemente en asociación ectomicorrizógena. Previamente solo se conocía de Brasil; con este trabajo se amplía su rango de distribución hasta México. Además, se presenta una clave taxonómica para el género Clavulina en México.
Conclusiones: Este es el primer registro del género Clavulina para la Península de Yucatán. Por otro lado, es la primera vez que se cita C. fuscolilacina para México y fuera de Brasil.
The effectiveness of self-guided web-based physical activity and exercise interventions to improve health outcomes for people living with chronic health conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Stavric Verna , Kayes Nicola M , Rashid Usman , Saywell Nicola
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

The benefits of physical activity (PA) and exercise in people with chronic health conditions are well documented. However, there are barriers to accessing services and providing ongoing support for activity-based interventions over the duration of the condition. Digital health interventions, especially those with minimal human contact, offer a potential solution.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effectiveness of self-guided web-based PA and exercise interventions to improve health outcomes for people living with chronic health conditions.

METHODS

A comprehensive and systematic search was conducted through CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTSDiscus, AMED, EBM, PsychINFO, and Scopus and Web of Science libraries for randomized trials up to September 2020 that evaluated the effect of self-guided web- or internet-based PA or exercise interventions on any health outcome. Only studies whose interventions had minimal human contact and whose interaction was automatically generated were included. All studies were screened for eligibility and relevant data was extracted. Two independent reviewers assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. PA data were pooled, and forest plots were generated.

RESULTS

Of the 7549 papers identified, 13 met the eligibility criteria and included a total of 1886 participants. There was wide variation in health conditions and intervention characteristics with regards to mode and parameters of delivery and in the use of theory and behavioral strategies applied. Self-reported PA in the intervention group was greater than controls at the end of the intervention (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.18 95% CI=0.05, 0.31) and at follow up (SMD 0.29, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.45). The difference in objectively measured PA was moderate and non-significant (SMD 0.43 95% CI ‐0.16 to 1.02). All interventions included behavioral strategies and seven of the thirteen were underpinned by theory.

CONCLUSIONS

Self-guided web-based PA and exercise interventions provided a positive effect on PA immediately after the intervention. An unexpected and positive finding was a sustained increase in PA at follow-up, particularly in those interventions that used behavioral strategies underpinned by a theoretical framework. Interventions with minimal contact have the potential to support sustained PA engagement at least as well as interventions with supervision.

CLINICALTRIAL

Protocol registration PROSPERO CRD42019132464
Validity of Closed Ideals in Algebras of Series of Square Analytic Functions
Authors: Siddig Musa , Hussein Shawgy , Elseid Amani
Published: January 2021

We show the validity of a complete description of closed ideals of the algebra which is a commutative Banach algebra , that endowed with a pointwise operations act on Dirichlet space of algebra of series of analytic functions on the unit disk  satisfying the Lipscitz condition of order of square sequence  obtained by (Brahim Bouya, 2008), we introduce and deal with approximation square functions which is an outer functions to produce and show results in .
EVALUATIONS OF SECONDARY METABOLITES ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL IN LEAF EXTRACTS OF CORBICHONIA DECUMBENS (FORSSK.) EXELL
Authors: DHA VIDYACHARANI , A ARUNPRASATH
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The present work is to evaluate the presence of phenol and flavonoid contents, 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity and antimicrobial activity of Corbichonia decumbens leaf extracts.

Methods: C. decumbens leaves were collected, shaded, dried, powdered, and were subjected to Soxhlet apparatus for extraction using ethanol and petroleum ether. The ethanol and petroleum ether extract of the plant was tested for phenol, flavonoid, H2O2 contents, and DPPH scavenging activity using standard procedures. It is also subjected to antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria and fungus using the well diffusion method.

Results: The result revealed that the leaf extracts contain phenol, flavonoid, and H2O2 contents. The values of DPPH radical scavenging activity recorded for ethanol and petroleum ether extract were 55.90±0.10 and 41.23±0.20, respectively. Antimicrobial activities of ethanolic leaf extracts showed lesser values compared to standard values.

Conclusion: The result of this study showed the presence of phenol and flavonoid content, evidenced the potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against all tested micro-organisms.
SAFETY OF HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE FOR COVID-19 PROPHYLAXIS AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: KHANNA SANGEETA , BEWAL NITUL M , ARORA AMIT , G V KRISHNA PRASAD
Published: January 2021

Objective: Indian Council of Medical Research recommended hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for prophylaxis of COVID‐19 for healthcare workers and the Food and Drug Administration approved its use in the treatment and prophylaxis of COVID‐19 disease. Even though HCQ is adequately tolerated in usual circumstances, still questions about the harmful effects of the drug remain a cause for concern in adults treated with HCQ. The objective of this study was to evaluate the major and minor adverse effects of prophylactic HCQ for COVID-19 among healthcare workers.

Methods: Our analysis was intended to analyze HCQ’s adverse drug reaction profile for COVID‐19 prophylaxis in prophylactic doses in health-care staff. This was a cross-sectional study carried out among healthcare workers taking HCQ prophylaxis for COVID‑19. The study was carried out over 08 weeks period from April to May 2020. The data were obtained regarding age, sex, comorbidities, and possible adverse effects. A pretested and validated online questionnaire was provided to the participants to assess the harmful effects that they experienced when taking HCQ. Furthermore, pre and post 8 weeks prophylaxis, individuals underwent general and systemic examination, along with ECG and blood sugar level monitoring.

Results: The research group comprised 70 previously healthy and health-care staff. In 70 patients, 27 minor adverse effects were reported (18.9%). Headache was the most frequently reported symptoms followed by nausea and vomiting, itching, and skin rashes. There was no statistically relevant variation in harmful effects due to age or number of doses administered. However, none of the adverse effects was serious or debilitating.

Conclusion: With adequate pre-prophylaxis evaluation, health education, and regular monitoring, HCQ prophylaxis is safe and devoid of any serious adverse effects in previously healthy individuals.
CONSTRUCTION OF COMPUTATIONAL 3D STRUCTURES OF PROTEIN DRUG TARGETS OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: RAO SUDHIR , SAYEEDA MISBAH , PRAKASH TEJASHREE , AP PADMASHREE , IMRAN SABIA , RAVI LOKESH
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study aims in constructing a three-dimensional modeled protein structure of potential drug targets in Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria.

Methods: The protein models were constructed using SWISS-Model online tool. The constructed protein models were submitted in online database called Protein Model Database (PMDB) for public access to the structures.

Results: A total of 100 protein sequences of M. tuberculosis were retrieved from UniProt database and were subjected for sequence similarity search and homology model construction. The constructed models were subjected for Ramachandran plot analysis to validate the quality of the structures. A total of 69 structures were considered to be of significant quality and were submitted to the online database PMDB.

Conclusion: These predicted structures would help greatly in identification and drug design to various strains of M. tuberculosis that are sensitive and resistant to different antibiotics. This would greatly help in drug development and personalized drug treatment against different strains of the pathogen. This database would significantly support the structure-based computational drug design applications toward personalized medicine in regard to differences in the various strains of the pathogen.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF PIPER BETLE L. LEAVES EXTRACT AGAINST CLONIDINE-INDUCED CATALEPSY AND MILK-INDUCED LEUKOCYTOSIS AND EOSINOPHILIA IN MICE
Authors: N KALE RAMDAS , Y PATIL RAVINDRA
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of Piper betle L. leaves extract against clonidine-induced catalepsy and milk-induced leukocytosis and eosinophilia in mice.

Methods: Methanolic extract of P. betle L. leaves was prepared using Soxhlet apparatus. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the prepared extract was carried out using standard chemical tests. Effect of the prepared extract was evaluated against clonidine-induced catalepsy and milk-induced leukocytosis and eosinophilia in mice model.

Results: Maximum duration of catalepsy was observed at 90 min after the clonidine administration. There was a significant inhibition (p˂0.05) of clonidine-induced catalepsy in the animals pretreated with chlorpheniramine maleate and extract of P. betle leaves. Administration of milk (4 mg/kg) subcutaneous route exhibited a significant increase in leucocytes and eosinophil count after 24 h of administration. Methanolic extract of P. betle L. leaves showed significant inhibition (p˂0.05) of milk-induced leukocytosis and eosinophilia.

Conclusion: These results suggest that P. betle leaves extract may have the potential therapeutic value in the treatment of allergic diseases.
RETROPERITONEAL LIPOSARCOMA-EXCISION OF RETROPERITONEAL TUMOR AND RIGHT NEPHRECTOMY: A CASE STUDY
Authors: VENKATA YASESWI NAMALA , KUMAR T VINAY , VYDURYAM KOMMURI , KOMMURI JOY SHALEM ZAKIRA BEGUM
Published: January 2021

A 64-year-old woman was referred to the hospital with complaints of abdomen right side tightness with discomfort for 1 month. Computed tomography scan of abdomen investigation revealed large retroperitoneal mass measuring 18.9 cm × 12.1 cm displacing the inferior vena cava right kidney and renal vessels in right hypochondriac and lumbar regions of the abdomen with large fat components. She underwent surgery, which involves the resection of tumor mass with non-affected surgical margins. These tumors tend to be resistant to radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Among the most important prognostic factor related to survival is surgery with non-affected margins. A review on etiology, pathophysiology, pathological classification, and grading is explained in literature review.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL OVERVIEW ON CELOSIA CRISTATA FOR FUTURE PROSPECTIVE RESEARCH
Authors: SING MAHAVEER , KUMAR P SRAVAN , SHRIVASTAVA BIRENDRA , REDDY B PAMULA
Published: January 2021

Celosia cristata (CC) is used in traditional medicine to cure several disorders. It is a member of the genus Celosia and is commonly known as cockscomb, since the flower looks like the head on a rooster. Many sensitive ingredients were isolated from different parts of the plant. The recent studies showed that the plant exerted a wide range of pharmacological activities. The chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of CC were presented in this review.
IN VITRO ANALYTICAL EVALUATION OF NITROSAMINE – A CARCINOGENIC IMPURITIES IN OLMESARTAN MEDOXIMIL BY GC MS/MS METHOD
Authors: SARADHI NDVR , KUMAR K KALYAN , REDDY M VENKATA
Published: January 2021

Objective: A simple and sensitive method development and validation for the simultaneous determination of the N-nitrosamine dimethylamine (NDMA) and N Nitrosamine diethylamine (NDEA) in Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) API and formulations by a tandem mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS).

Methods: Gas chromatography with a programmed oven temperature controller, Elite Wax (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.5 μm) column, Helium as carrier gas and hyphenated to the tandem mass spectrometer powered with triple quadrupole mass analyzer, and photomultiplier tube detector. The method was validated as per the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) guidelines.

Results: With the selected GC-MS/MS conditions, the NDMA and NDEA 0.08 μg/ml (80 ng/ml) and 0.16 μg/ml (160 ng/ml) injected and Rt. for NDMA 5.634 and NDEA 6.516 min, respectively. A linear/range lies in between 0.024 and 0.120 μg/ml and 0.048 and 0.240 μg/ml for NDMA and NDEA with r2 >0.99. The precision, accuracy, and system suitability are established as per USFDA and ICH guidelines, the sensitivity of NDMA limit of detection and limit of quantification 0.08, 0.024 and NDEA 0.16, 0.048.

Conclusion: Other nitrosamine impurities are not involved in the determination of NDMA and NDEA in the OLM using GC-MS/MS and the method is simple, sensitive, rapid, accurate, and precise.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND SENSORY ANALYSIS OF JAMS PRODUCED FROM OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA CLADODES
Authors: KAMAL LEGRINE , DJAHIDA BENAOUANA , DALILA ABDESSEMED
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study focuses on the production and evaluation of the physicochemical and sensory qualities of two jams, J1 and J2, produced from Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes. J1 made from cladodes with the addition of lemon juice and J2 made from cladodes with added 1/3 orange pulp and lemon juice.

Methods: The moisture content is determined by drying the fresh cladodes in an oven at 103°C. The soluble solids content is determined by measuring the Brix at 20°C using a digital refractometer. Total soluble sugar content was examined using the phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method using a spectrophotometer ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy. Sensory evaluation was carried out by 20 panelists. The individual quality features were evaluated using significance factors: Color, texture, aroma, and taste. For instrumental color analysis, the measurement was carried out with the use of spectrophotometer UV-visible, the results were expressed using the CIE (L*, a*, and b*) system.

Results: The physical and chemical analysis results give fairly appreciably results on average for total sugars (55.4 and 58.76%), Brix (65 and 67%), humidity (29.79 and 29.89%), and acidity (0.45 and 0.48 g/100 g). The sensory results give for color (3.73 and 6.42), for taste (4.89 and 5.21), for odor (3.00 and 3.57), and texture (4.21 and 4.21). The physicochemical analyses for cladodes showed a rich content for water 92.74, the total sugar content is 5.53.

Conclusion: These elaborate jams meet the accepted international standards for jams. The sensory evaluation revealed that J2 was the most appreciate in terms of color, odor, texture, and taste.
CHEMICAL PROFILING OF BUCHANANIA LANZAN SPRENG ESSENTIAL OIL AND ITS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: S AJITH , V KRISHNA , KUMAR S RAVI , KUMAR NM VINAY
Published: January 2021

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition of the essential oil of Buchanania lanzan Spreng extracted from the seeds and to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial antioxidants and molecular docking studies of the major bioactive compounds of essential oil.

Methods: The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation of the B. lanzan seeds and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates by disk diffusion method and resazurin assay determined the minimum inhibitory concentration. The in vitro antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging assay; the essential oil major bioactive compounds are Androstan-3-ol, Campesterol, and γ-Sitosterol were docked against bacterial protein DNA gyrase.

Results: GC-MS analysis exhibited the presence of 19 bioactive compounds. The essential oil showed that significant antibacterial activity was noticed against V. cholerae and S. typhi with the highest zone of inhibition 15.67–1.20 and 13.83–0.33, respectively. Antioxidant activity in DPPH and H2O2 scavenging assays with IC50 values of 134.23 and 191.24, respectively. The molecular docking of Androstan-3-ol and γ-Sitosterol with bacterial DNA gyrase unveiled a good binding affinity of −6.4 kcal/mol and −6.3 kcal/ mol, respectively.

Conclusion: It could be concluded that the essential oils potential sources of antibacterial, antioxidant activities, and molecular docking of bioactive components. The results of this study provide partial scientific support for the traditional application of essential oils to cure diarrhea and also major bioactive compounds responsible for important biological activities.
ALTERATIONS OF SERUM CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS, MAGNESIUM, AND COPPER IN HYPERTHYROIDISM PATIENTS: A CASE–CONTROL STUDY
Authors: ATHOKPHAM DIANA , MOHANTY SHRABANI , BHARATKUMAR PINNELLI VENKATA
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to estimate the levels of serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and copper in hyperthyroid cases and to correlate each of the parameter with serum T3, T4, TSH, FT3, and FT4, respectively.

Methods: The study was conducted on 60 newly confirmed hyperthyroid cases based on the thyroid profile and 60 euthyroid cases were recruited as controls. Blood samples were collected from all these subjects and estimation of serum T3, T4, TSH, FT3, FT4, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium was done by autoanalyzer method. Serum copper was measured by modified spectrophotometric micro-method using guanidine hydrochloride and bathocuproine disulfonate disodium salt. The statistical analysis was done by paired test and Pearson’s correlation.

Results: Study results in hyperthyroid cases show mean serum calcium and copper levels were significantly (p<0.001) increased, serum phosphorus levels were significantly (p<0.001) decreased when compared to euthyroid. However, there was no significant change in magnesium when compared with euthyroid controls (p=0.556). We also found a significant positive correlation among serum Ca versus T3, T4, FT3, and FT4. A negative correlation with serum Ca versus TSH as observed. We also found significant positive correlation between serum phosphorus with TSH and significant negative correlation of phosphorus with T3, T4, FT3, and FT4. No suggestive significant correlation was found between serum Mg with T3, T4, TSH, FT3, and FT4 and serum copper with serum T3, T4, TSH, FT3, and FT4.

Conclusion: The present study has shown that metabolism of minerals is altered in hyperthyroid cases. Impaired metabolism of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and copper can lead to various metabolic disorders. Estimation of serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and copper may be helpful in better management to prevent further complication and can be used as diagnostic or prognostic aid in patients with hyperthyroidism along with other biochemical parameters.