bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Detection in Nanoliter Droplets
Authors: Thomas Eline , Jans Karolien , Henry Olivier Y.F. , Lagae Liesbet , Van Roy Willem
Published: January 2023

The growing interest for in situ sensing in nanoliter droplets warrants a deeper study of the sensing capabilities and wetting principal of very small electrochemical sensing electrodes in contact with microfluidic droplets. For this study, a device consisting of a droplet generator followed by a 100 μm wide channel with a three-electrode set-up with a 10 μm wide working electrode is used. For measurements 5 mM ferri-/ferrocyanide was used as standard redox couple. It was experimentally found that a thin layer of the droplet phase was left behind on the electrodes, suggesting that the droplets do not need to wet the electrodes but rather merge with the water layer present on the electrodes. With this device, it was possible to detect the redox couple inside the microfluidic droplets and the currents reached a well-defined plateau almost immediately. However, the currents measured inside the droplets deviated from the expected trends for currents measured in flow. Also, a linear concentration curve could be obtained indicating that electrochemical quantitative sensing remains possible.
Correlation Analysis between Residual Pain after Vertebral Augmentation and the Diffusion Distribution of Bone Cement: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yao Kang , Chen Yungang , Wang Xiaoying , Yao Qianqian , Cui Kaiying , Chen Wenming , Hou Pengfei , Yu Ning , Zhang Zhenyue , Gao Wenxin , Xue Haipeng , Hao Yanke
Published: January 2023

Objective. To explore the influence and potential factors of the bone cement dispersion state on residual pain after vertebral augmentation. Methods. The cases included in this retrospective cohort study were patients treated with vertebral augmentation (VA) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) between July 2018 and June 2021. According to the type of cement diffusion distribution, the patients were divided into a sufficient diffusion group (Group A) and an insufficient diffusion group (Group B). The differences in the baseline data, visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index score (ODI), injured vertebral height (IVH), and local kyphosis angle (LKA) between the two groups were analyzed. Assessments were performed preoperatively on the 2nd day postoperation and at the last follow-up. The imaging data of injured vertebrae were accurately reconstructed by a GE AW4.7 workstation, and the differences in the vertebral body volume, bone cement volume, and bone cement volume ratio were compared between the groups. Result. After screening, 36 patients were included. (1) The postoperative VAS and ODI scores of the two groups were significantly improved compared with the preoperative scores. (2) On the 2nd day postoperation and the last follow-up, the VAS and ODI scores of Group A were significantly different from those of Group B, and Group A outperformed Group B. (3) The IVH and LKA of the two groups were improved after the operation, and no significant difference was found between the groups. (4) Significant differences were found in the bone cement volume and bone cement volume ratio between the groups, and Group A was larger than Group B. Conclusions. Sufficient bone cement diffusion can reduce residual pain after vertebral augmentation.
RNF7 Facilitated the Tumorigenesis of Pancreatic Cancer by Activating PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Hua Hao , Xie Huahua , Zheng Jian , Lei Linhan , Deng Zilei , Yu Chao
Published: January 2023

RING finger protein-7 (RNF7) functions as a positive regulator in the progression of multiple malignancies. However, the underlying mechanism by which RNF7 contributes to pancreatic cancer (PC) is lacking. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to test the level of RNF7expression in PC cell lines and tissues. The role of RNF7 in PC tumorigenesis was analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). 5-Ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU), wound-healing/Transwell assays, as well as a subcutaneous tumorigenesis model were constructed to assess the role of RNF7 in PC cells. The association between RNF7 and PI3K/Akt signaling were assessed by western blot and further confirmed by rescue experiments. The PC patients with upregulated expression of RNF7 had poor survival. Overexpression of RNF7 significantly facilitated PC proliferative and migrative and invasive properties in vitro and vivo; however, knockdown of RNF7exhibited the opposite results. Mechanistically, RNF7 promoted PANC-1 and SW1990 cell growth through impacting the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Our data demonstrated that RNF7 promoted PC tumorigenesis via activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and might be regarded as one of the potential therapies to PC.
High Zoom Ratio Foveated Snapshot Hyperspectral Imaging for Fruit Pest Monitoring
Authors: Hu Yaoyao , Chang Jun , Li Yiting , Zhang Wenchao , Lai Xiaoxiao , Mu Quanquan
Published: January 2023

Snapshot hyperspectral imaging technology is increasingly used in agricultural product monitoring. In this study, we present a 9× local zoom snapshot hyperspectral imaging system. Using commercial spectral sensors with spectrally resolved detector arrays, we achieved snapshot hyperspectral imaging with 14 wavelength bands and a spectral bandwidth of 10–15 nm. An experimental demonstration was performed by acquiring spatial and spectral information about the fruit and Drosophila. The results show that the system can identify Drosophila and distinguish well between different types of fruits. The results of this study have great potential for online fruit classification and pest identification.
CS-SPT: Secure and Packet Loss-Resilient Audio Transmission Based on Compressive Sensing
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Zhang Jun , Zhou Jiaxin , Wang Jian , Gu Zhenghui , Yu Zhu Liang , Li Yuanqing
Published: January 2023

Packet loss-resilient and security are two major challenges faced by real-time audio transmission over IP networks. Due to the capability of recovering the signal from a small set of samplings and the randomness in the acquisition process, compressive sensing (CS) has a vast prospect in dealing with these problems. In this paper, we propose a secure and packet loss-resistant real-time audio transmission framework (CS-SPT) based on the principle of CS. Inspired by the interleaving technique, an ultralow complexity scrambling matrix was adopted in the proposed CS-SPT to improve its packet loss-resilient capability by increasing the information redundancy. Moreover, the energy of ciphertext is homogenized using a diffusion operation. Experimental results show that compared with existing methods, the proposed CS-SPT not only improves the packet loss-resilient ability significantly but also can resist several major attacks, such as COAs and KPAs.
Influence of Base Rock Deterioration on Tunnel Bottom Structure Damage under Train Excitation
Authors: Li Zi-Qiang , Huang Wei-Wei , Li Zheng , Feng Jian-Wen , Zhang Hang , Li Qi
Published: January 2023

In the ground of the preliminary study of the Taihangshan Mountain Tunnel, it was observed that under water-rich conditions, the long rolling of heavy-haul trains would deteriorate the surrounding rock, thereby causing damage to the bottom structure. Combined with data from long-term field monitoring and discrete element analysis, after clarifying the law of bedrock deterioration, the Fuyingzi Tunnel of Zhangtang Railway in China is taken as the research object of fatigue damage. ANSYS Workbench simulation software was used to compare further and analyze the influence of three characteristic deterioration stages of the surrounding rock on the basement structure damage. Based on the results, when the surrounding rock is intact, the basement structure gradually damages and expands from top to bottom, and the structural minimum fatigue life is approximately 76 years. When the surrounding rock is a partial cavity, the damage to the bottom structure intensifies and develops toward the surrounding rock’s deterioration position. The minimum fatigue life of the structure is 67 years, which decreases by 11.8%. When the surrounding rock is a cavity and connected, the damage of the bottom structure develops downward to a certain extent, which causes the structural damage at the deterioration position of the surrounding rock to develop in the opposite direction, i.e., from bottom to top. The structural minimum fatigue life is 42 years, which is reduced by 44.7% in the better situation.
Chromatic Schultz and Gutman Polynomials of Jahangir Graphs

J

2
,
m

and

J

3
,
m
Authors: Shaheen Ramy , Mahfud Suhail , Alhawat Qays
Published: January 2023

Topological polynomial and indices based on the distance between the vertices of a connected graph are widely used in the chemistry to establish relation between the structure and the properties of molecules. In a similar way, chromatic versions of certain topological indices and the related polynomial have also been discussed in the recent literature. In this paper, we present the chromatic Schultz and Gutman polynomials and the expanded form of the Hosoya polynomial and chromatic Schultz and Gutman polynomials, and then we derive these polynomials for special cases of Jahangir graphs.
Physical and Rehabilitation Therapy for Overactive Bladder in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bai Jingwen , Tian Yilan , Wang Yiran , Zhang Xiaofang , Wang Ping
Published: January 2023

Objective. To compare the effects of different physical and rehabilitation therapies on women with overactive bladder (OAB). Design. Network meta-analysis. Data source: The Embase, Scopus, and PubMed databases were systematically searched from their inception to June 22, 2022. We included only RCTs, with no language restrictions. Articles in the reference lists and related studies were thoroughly reviewed. Review Methods. This network meta-analysis included related studies on different physical and rehabilitation therapies for OAB. Data were extracted independently from the included randomized controlled trials by two authors, and they used the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool to evaluate the risk of bias. We used RevMan to assess the risk assessment of research bias. This network meta-analysis was performed using the Stata software. We completed the review in accordance with the PRISMA items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement. Results. Twelve randomized controlled trials involving 637 patients were included in this meta-analysis. All physical and rehabilitation therapies improved daytime micturition frequency and nocturia frequency in OAB patients. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS), BT + ES, and BT + BF + ES are better interventions for OAB treatment. There were no significant differences in PTNS, BT + ES, and BT + BF + ES. Conclusion. All physical and rehabilitation therapies can improve daytime micturition and nocturia frequency in OAB. PTNS, BT + ES, and BT + BF + ES were the priority therapies.
Effect of Nano-Cobalt Oxide on the Rheological Behavior of Asphalt Binder and Mechanical Characteristics of Hot Mix Asphalt
Authors: Hamedi Gholam Hossein , Pakenari Mohammad Mazhari , Tabrizi Masoud Toghrol , Pirbasti Zahra Ranjbar
Published: January 2023

In this study, the effects of nano-cobalt oxide (nano-CoO) (1 and 2% by asphalt binder weight) on the rheological behavior of the asphalt binder and mechanical characteristics of asphalt mixtures were examined. To evaluate the behavior of the asphalt binder at moderate and high temperatures, the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test was used. Besides, to study asphalt mixtures’ rutting potential and fatigue cracking, the repeated load axial (RLA) test and the indirect tensile fatigue test (ITFT) were conducted, respectively. Based on the rheological tests, adding 1 and 2% of nano-CoO to asphalt binder increases the complex modulus (G∗) and reduces the phase angle (δ) at high temperatures and significantly improves the modified asphalt binder’s rutting parameter. Also, at moderate temperatures, the addition of nano-CoO reduced the fatigue parameter of the modified asphalt binder compared to the control asphalt binder. It was demonstrated that the permanent strain of the modified specimens was decreased by about 35% compared to that of the control specimens. The fatigue tests at two temperatures and five stress levels also showed that incorporating nano-CoO significantly increased (about 90%) the fatigue life of modified samples compared to controlled samples.
Statins and Cancer Prevention—Association Does Not Mean Causation
Authors: Das Sanjay , Freedland Stephen J.
Published: January 2023

Statins are widely prescribed medications that inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase and therefore reduce cholesterol synthesis. Given the key role of cholesterol in cancer, statins may therefore have anticancer activities. However, clinical studies investigating the association between statin usage and cancer development have been few and inconsistent. A recent study from Maeda-Minami and colleagues found a significant, though modest, decrease in cancer risk among statin users. However, does this finding mean statin usage directly reduces cancer risk or is merely associated with reduced cancer risk? This editorial analyzes Maeda-Minami and colleagues’ study to provide commentary on statin's proposed role in preventing cancer.

See related article, p. 37
Abstract IA003: Aspirin and cancer: what’s next?
Authors: Chan Andrew T
Published: January 2023

The remarkably consistent evidence demonstrating that aspirin is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer led to a first-if-its-kind U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation for population use of aspirin for cancer prevention. However, in 2022 the USPSTF reversed this recommendation based largely on data from the Aspirin to Prevent Events in the Elderly randomized trial of aspirin in older adults. Surprisingly, the ASPREE trial showed that aspirin increased the risk of cancer-related death after 4.7 years of follow-up. These results suggest the intriguing possibility that aspirin may have a differential effect on cancer risk according to age and highlights the limitation of a “one-size-fits-all” approach to aspirin prevention. To date, the paradigm of “precision medicine,” the use of molecular biomarkers to optimize treatment response that has revolutionized cancer care has not been readily translated to cancer prevention. This situation is largely due to knowledge gaps regarding the biological mode-of-action of most preventive agents. In this presentation, Dr. Chan will discuss opportunities for developing precision prevention approaches for promising agents such as aspirin for future clinical translation.

Citation Format: Andrew T Chan. Aspirin and cancer: what’s next? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Precision Prevention, Early Detection, and Interception of Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-19; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2023;16(1 Suppl): Abstract nr IA003.
Abstract P005: SLC38A5 characterization and its tumor promoting role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sniegowski Tyler J. , Ganapathy Vadivel , Bhutia Yangzom
Published: January 2023

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most lethal and aggressive cancers. Based on the Human Protein Atlas database, solute carrier 38A5 (SLC38A5) is significantly upregulated in PDAC and correlates with poor patient survival. SLC38A5 is a Na+-coupled, electroneutral amino acid transporter that transports glutamine, serine, glycine, and methionine that are essential for glutaminolysis and one-carbon metabolism pathways on which cancer cells are dependent. Furthermore, SLC38A5 is a c-Myc target and induces macropinocytosis. Thus, these attributes of SLC38A5 in cancer cells makes it a favorable contribution to their tumor-promoting gene expression programs. Using real-time PCR and Western blotting, we validated the expression status of SLC38A5 in PDAC cell lines, patient derived xenografts (PDX), and organoids. Using radiolabeled serine uptake, we also confirmed that PDAC cell lines express functional SLC38A5. To investigate the tumor promoting role of SLC38A5, shRNA-mediated knockdown of SLC38A5 was performed in BxPC-3 and HPAF-II human PDAC cell lines. After validating SLC38A5 knockdown using real-time PCR and radiolabeled serine uptake, colony formation and transwell invasion assay were performed using the knockdown cells and non-targeting controls (NTC). Interestingly, SLC38A5 knockdown suppressed the colony formation ability as well as the invasion capacity in both cell lines, suggesting the tumor promoting role of SLC38A5. To extrapolate the in vitro data further, we performed subcutaneous xenograft using SLC38A5-silenced BxPC-3 and HPAF-II cells into the athymic nude mice. Interestingly, we found that SLC38A5 knockdown cells grew slower, as evidenced by smaller tumor weight, further validating our in vitro data. Our future work involves extrapolating these data in the KPC (Kras, p53, and PDX-1-Cre) spontaneous mouse model of PDAC and elucidating its mechanism of upregulation.

Citation Format: Tyler J. Sniegowski, Vadivel Ganapathy1, Yangzom Bhutia. SLC38A5 characterization and its tumor promoting role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Precision Prevention, Early Detection, and Interception of Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-19; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2023;16(1 Suppl): Abstract nr P005.
Abstract PR003: Multiplexed immune phenotyping and miRNA-ISH in bronchial premalignant lesions reveals a mechanism of immune suppression
Authors: Chiu Darren J. , Pfefferkorn Roxana , Green Emily , Ning Boting , Constant Myrtha , Lenburg Marc , Burks Eric , Mazzilli Sarah , Beane Jennifer
Published: January 2023

Bronchial premalignant lesions (PMLs) are precursors of lung squamous cell carcinoma. Prior work has shown that among proliferative subtype PMLs, progression to or persistence of a high-grade histology is associated with downregulation of an immune-related gene module. Furthermore, microRNA-149 (miR-149) was identified as a candidate negative regulator of this expression program. In this study, we aim to investigate the spatial distribution of miR-149 and its association with the immune environment and PML progression/persistence in PMLs. We identified 19 paraffin embedded bronchial biopsies transcriptionally defined as belonging to the proliferative subtype obtained from 9 subjects. Three consecutive sections were stained with H&E for histology annotation, chromogenic miRNA in situ hybridization (miRNA-ISH) for miR-149 abundance and localization, and with 30 antibodies targeted to epithelial and immune populations using imaging mass cytometry (IMC) to perform phenotyping. We trained a robust pixel classifier to detect foci of miR-149 signal in miRNA-ISH and quantified the density of miR-149 signal. For the IMC data, we used Mesmer for cell segmentation. PhenoGraph clustering based on quantification of each antibody in each cell was used for cell population identification. Ten recurrent cellular neighborhoods were identified by K-means clustering. miR-149 density was greater in the epithelium compared with stromal tissue. The miR-149 density in dysplastic epithelium normalized to miR-149 in normal epithelium is higher in the progressive/persistent PMLs than regressive PMLs. Additionally, in progressive/persistent PMLs, we find lower average epithelial staining for the miR-149 target NLRC5 associated with a cellular neighborhood that is enriched for goblet cells and PDL1+MUC5B+ secretory cells. Cell composition analysis showed that progressive/persistent PMLs have lower CD8 T cell infiltrate in both the stroma and epithelium. These results suggest that increased miR-149 expression in progressive/persistent PMLs contributes to an immune suppressive environment characterized by a shift in secretory cell populations and T cells within the bronchial epithelium. Interventions targeting miR-149 expression may be a potential interception strategy for high-grade PMLs.

Citation Format: Darren J. Chiu, Roxana Pfefferkorn, Emily Green, Boting Ning, Myrtha Constant, Marc Lenburg, Eric Burks, Sarah Mazzilli, Jennifer Beane. Multiplexed immune phenotyping and miRNA-ISH in bronchial premalignant lesions reveals a mechanism of immune suppression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Precision Prevention, Early Detection, and Interception of Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-19; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2023;16(1 Suppl): Abstract nr PR003.
Renal Autologous Cell Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes with Late Stage 4 Diabetes-Related Chronic Kidney Disease: Trial Design and Early Analysis
Authors: Stavas Joseph , Thajudeen Bijin , Coca Steven , Silva Arnold , Butler Emily , Detwiler Randal , Burgner Anna
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Cell-based therapies potentially delay the trajectory toward end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in late stage 4 diabetic chronic kidney disease (DKD). We describe the trial design, baseline patient characteristics, and early results of an IRB-approved phase II multicenter clinical trial, utilizing Renal Autologous Cell Therapy (REACT) in adults with pre-ESKD due to type 2 DKD. The trial objectives were safety and tolerability of REACT by assessment of the procedure, product administration, and renal-specific adverse events in addition to evaluate the impact on renal function following injection. Methods: Ten adults with an eGFR of 14–20 mL/min/1.73 m2 were enrolled in a single-arm open-label trial. Following a percutaneous kidney biopsy, an ex vivo expansion of selected renal cells that form the REACT was injected into the cortex of the biopsied kidney with CT image guidance. Each participant received two doses of the REACT product at 6-month intervals. A 6-month observation pre-trial was required to establish patients’ “own” baseline and rate of DKD progression. Results: Five men and 5 women underwent 19 REACT injections (1 participant received only one injection). Their baseline characteristics were as follows: 3 Hispanic/Latino, 7 non-Hispanic, 7 white; mean (SD) age: 58.9 years (5.22), BMI 35.8 (8.2), eGFR (sCR) 15.5 (2.72), eGFR (sCR + Cys-C) 17.7 (3.67) mL/min/1.73 m2, sCr 3.6 mg/mL (0.73), Cys-C 2.6 mg/mL (0.52), and log random UACR 7.9 mg/g (1.01). The pre- and post-injection eGFR slope was −6.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 and −3.9 mL/min/1.73 m2. No cell-related adverse events occurred, and two procedure-related hematomas required observation without transfusion or angiographic interventions. Dialysis was delayed a mean of 16 months (range 6–28 months). At 15 months, 2 patients (20%) have eGFR slope stability and have not commenced renal replacement therapy. Conclusion: Trials that include patients with an eGFR of <20 mL/min/1.73 m2 are uncommon, and none to date involve autologous homologous cell-based treatments. REACT has the potential to stabilize or delay dialysis in high-risk late stage 4 DKD.
Interleukin-11 Is Elevated in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation, Correlates with Serum Fibrosis Markers, and Represents a Therapeutic Target for Atrial Fibrosis
Authors: Cong Xinpeng , Tian Bei , Zhu Xi , Zhang Xiaogang , Gu Wei , Zhao Hanjun , Hao Shuwen , Ning Zhongping
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Inflammatory cytokines are closely associated with developing cardiac fibrosis. This research aimed to explore the significant role of IL-11 in atrial fibrosis progression and potential therapeutic targets. Methods: 207 AF patients and 160 healthy subjects were included in the case-control study. Blood samples were analyzed for the level of IL-11 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Angiotensin II (Ang II)-treated fibrosis mouse models were generated, and expression of IL-11 mRNA and protein was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. IL-11 antagonist was used to evaluating atrial fibrosis-related markers. Results: The persistent atrial fibrillation patients (n = 76) had significantly larger left atrial size, higher serum levels of hypertrophic protein BNP, proinflammatory cytokine high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) compared to paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients (n = 131), and healthy subjects (all p < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlation between serum IL-11 and cardiac fibrosis markers BNP (r = 0.394, p < 0.001), CTX-I (r = 0.418, p < 0.001), PICP (r = 0.306, p < 0.001), PIIINP (r = 0.335, p < 0.001), and TGF-β1 (r = 0.273, p < 0.001). In the fibrosis mouse model, Ang II infusion significantly upregulated IL-11 mRNA and protein expression in the left atrium of mice (p < 0.05), as well as staining intensity of Masson trichrome, the intensity of α-SMA, and it increased mRNA expression of collagen I and III in atrial tissue. IL-11 antagonist treatment significantly attenuated Masson trichrome, number of α-SMA-positive myofibroblasts in atrial tissue. Also, it significantly reduced the p-ERK1/2 in atrial tissue of mice infused with Ang II (p < 0.05). Conclusions: IL-11 is upregulated in the serum of AF patients, and IL-11 inhibitor significantly inhibited Ang II-induced atrial fibrosis, a key pathological feature of AF. Therefore, IL-11 could be a potential therapeutic target for AF.
Clinical Evaluation of Computer-Aided Colorectal Neoplasia Detection Using a Novel Endoscopic Artificial Intelligence: A Single-Center Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nakashima Hirotaka , Kitazawa Naoko , Fukuyama Chika , Kawachi Hiroshi , Kawahira Hiroshi , Momma Kumiko , Sakaki Nobuhiro
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Computer-aided diagnostic systems are emerging in the field of gastrointestinal endoscopy. In this study, we assessed the clinical performance of the computer-aided detection (CADe) of colonic adenomas using a new endoscopic artificial intelligence system. Methods: This was a single-center prospective randomized study including 415 participants allocated into the CADe group (n = 207) and control group (n = 208). All endoscopic examinations were performed by experienced endoscopists. The performance of the CADe was assessed based on the adenoma detection rate (ADR). Additionally, we compared the adenoma miss rate for the rectosigmoid colon (AMRrs) between the groups. Results: The basic demographic and procedural characteristics of the CADe and control groups were as follows: mean age, 54.9 and 55.9 years; male sex, 73.9% and 69.7% of participants; and mean withdrawal time, 411.8 and 399.0 s, respectively. The ADR was 59.4% in the CADe group and 47.6% in the control group (p = 0.018). The AMRrs was 11.9% in the CADe group and 26.0% in the control group (p = 0.037). Conclusion: The colonoscopy with the CADe system yielded an 11.8% higher ADR than that performed by experienced endoscopists alone. Moreover, there was no need to extend the examination time or request the assistance of additional medical staff to achieve this improved effectiveness. We believe that the novel CADe system can lead to considerable advances in colorectal cancer diagnosis.
Nasal Provocation Challenges with Aedes aegypti Whole-Body Extract Induces Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Sánchez Jorge , Toro Yuliana , Cantillo José-Fernando , Martínez Dalgys , Fernández-Caldas Enrique , Cardona Ricardo , Puerta Leonardo
Published: January 2023

Background: Exposure to mosquitoes in the Tropics is perennial, and their somatic and saliva antigens have shown IgE binding capacity, although it is not clear whether this is due to cross-reactivity or primary sensitization. Inhalation of these allergens could trigger an allergic response. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of sensitization to Aedes aegypti in a group of patients with allergic rhinitis. Methods: A cross-sectional study with allergic rhinitis subjects and healthy controls sensitized to mosquito extract was performed. Sensitization to mosquito and house dust mites was evaluated using skin prick test (SPT) and antibody determination by ELISA. Nasal provocation test (NPT) with whole-body extract was used to determine clinical relevance. Results: Allergic rhinitis patients were more sensitized to mosquito extract than controls with (+) SPT (66.6% vs. 7.6%). From these (+) SPT patients, 44.5% had (+) NPT, and just two (11%) presented mono-sensitization to mosquito. Antibody reactivity was similar between patients and controls; however, (+) NPT patients showed a tendency to had higher levels of IgE and IgG4. Discussion: Mosquitoes are perennial in most tropical areas, and their body allergens could be associated with respiratory allergies.
Foveal Contour: Presence versus Complete Absence as a Prognostic Factor in Epiretinal Membrane Surgery
Authors: Voichanski Shilo , Pikkel Joseph , Weiss Chedva S.
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The study explains the presence versus complete absence of the foveal contour on optical coherence tomography (OCT) image as predictor of improvement in visual acuity (VA) following epiretinal membrane removal surgery. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study in which 100 eyes that underwent vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane, with preoperative and postoperative VA and OCT, were analyzed. The study population was categorized into four groups based on the preoperational presence of a foveal contour and an intraocular lens implantation. Results: The most significant improvement in VA was found among eyes lacking a foveal contour. Pseudo-phakic eyes demonstrated greater improvement than phakic. The smallest improvement was documented in pseudo-phakic eyes with a foveal contour. Phakic eyes that had a foveal contour showed deterioration in VA. Among eyes that lacked foveal contour, the fraction of eyes with improved VA was only slightly larger than among pseudo-phakic eyes during midterm follow-up and no difference was observed at long-term follow-up. Among eyes with foveal contour, the fraction with improved VA was significantly larger among pseudo-phakic eyes. This difference became more prominent over long-term follow-up. Regardless of the presence of foveal contour, the fraction of patients whose VA worsened was greater among those with phakic versus pseudo-phakic eyes, and this difference increased during long-term follow-up. No correlation was found between the central macular thickness and the VA. Conclusion: Complete lack of foveal contour is positively correlated with greater improvement in postoperative VA. The presence of an intraocular lens contributes to improvement in VA, especially among patients with foveal contour.
Using Optogenetics to Investigate the Shared Mechanisms of Apical-Basal Polarity and Mitosis
Authors: Crellin Helena A. , Buckley Clare E.
Published: January 2023

The initiation of apical-basal (AB) polarity and the process of mitotic cell division are both characterised by the generation of specialised plasma membrane and cortical domains. These are generated using shared mechanisms, such as asymmetric protein accumulation, Rho GTPase signalling, cytoskeletal reorganisation, vesicle trafficking, and asymmetric phosphoinositide distribution. In epithelial tissue, the coordination of AB polarity and mitosis in space and time is important both during initial epithelial development and to maintain tissue integrity and ensure appropriate cell differentiation at later stages. Whilst significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying cell division and AB polarity, it has so far been challenging to fully unpick the complex interrelationship between polarity, signalling, morphogenesis, and cell division. However, the recent emergence of optogenetic protein localisation techniques is now allowing researchers to reversibly control protein activation, localisation, and signalling with high spatiotemporal resolution. This has the potential to revolutionise our understanding of how subcellular processes such as AB polarity are integrated with cell behaviours such as mitosis and how these processes impact whole tissue morphogenesis. So far, these techniques have been used to investigate processes such as cleavage furrow ingression, mitotic spindle positioning, and in vivo epithelial morphogenesis. This review describes some of the key shared mechanisms of cell division and AB polarity establishment, how they are coordinated during development and how the advance of optogenetic techniques is furthering this research field.
Efficacy of Integrated Tele-Yoga Intervention on Physiological and Psychological Variables in Asymptomatic COVID-19 Positive Patients: A Confirmatory Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Jain Shrimal Pragya , Maharana Satyapriya , Dave Anupama , Raghuram Nagarathna , Thulasi Arun
Published: January 2023

Background: A study was conducted on asymptomatic COVID-19 positive patients admitted in a COVID-19 hospital in Indore, India, during first wave of the pandemic. The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of an integrated tele-yoga intervention as an adjunct to conventional management on physiological, psychological, and mindfulness variables. Methods: In a confirmatory randomized control trial, 60 asymptomatic COVID-19 patients in hospital confinement were randomly allocated to experimental and control groups (n = 30). The tele-yoga intervention included breathing exercise, pranayama, and meditation delivered over 30 min for 7 days to the experimental group while the control group continued treatment as usual. Assessment of physiological variables and psychological variables was carried out before intervention and on day 7 immediately after intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS (v.16.0). Results: Mann-Whitney U test shows that there was a statistically significant difference between groups regarding all variables (p < 0.001). The physiological and psychological variables which included Oxygen saturation (2.07%), Heart rate (8.21%), Respiratory rate (10.04%), Systolic blood pressure (6.14%), Diastolic blood pressure (8.38%), Visual Analog Scale for stress (62.78%), COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (68.44%), and State Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (72.72%) showed significant changes in the experimental group compared to control group. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that integrated tele-yoga might have therapeutic benefits in improving physiological, psychological, and mindfulness variables in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients.
Adoptive Immunotherapy: A Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Perspective
Authors: Jin Gyuhyung , Chang Yun , Harris Jackson Duke , Bao Xiaoping
Published: January 2023

The past decade has witnessed significant advances in cancer immunotherapy, particularly through the adoptive transfer of engineered T cells in treating advanced leukemias and lymphomas. Despite these excitements, challenges remain with scale, cost, and ensuring quality control of engineered immune cells, including chimeric antigen receptor T, natural killer cells, and macrophages. The advent of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, has transformed immunotherapy by providing a scalable, off-the-shelf source of any desired immune cells for basic research, translational studies, and clinical interventions. The tractability of hPSCs for gene editing could also generate homogenous, universal cellular products with custom functionality for individual or combinatory therapeutic applications. This review will explore various immune cell types whose directed differentiation from hPSCs has been achieved and recently adapted for translational immunotherapy and feature forward-looking bioengineering techniques shaping the future of the stem cell field.
Impact of Relative Dose Intensity of Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and 5-Fluorouracil Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Survival of Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer Patients
Authors: Shiraishi Osamu , Kato Hiroaki , Momose Kota , Hiraki Yoko , Yasuda Atsushi , Shinkai Masayuki , Imano Motohiro , Yasuda Takushi
Published: January 2023

Introduction: This study aimed to clarify the impact of the average relative dose intensity (RDI) of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (DCF-NAC) for resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Materials and Methods: To identify the optimal RDI, recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cumulative incidence function (CIF) for recurrence were calculated in low and high RDI groups with any cut-off points. The optimal RDI was defined as the highest RDI administered with a significant increase in either RFS or CIF. The clinicopathological characteristics of the two groups divided by optimal RDI were investigated. The preoperative prognostic factors associated with RFS were confirmed by multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Among the 150 eligible patients treated with DCF-NAC from 2010 to 2020, 3-year RFS and CIF were 56.3% and 37.8% in 90 patients in the less than 80% RDI group (<80% RDI) and 73.3% and 26.7% in 60 patients in the more than or equal to 80% RDI group (≥80% RDI), respectively. The optimal cut-off RDI was identified as 80%. The <80% RDI group included older individuals, a lower value of creatinine clearance, a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index, reduced RDI at first course, and grade 1–0 in the histopathological tumor response than the ≥80% RDI group. R0 resection and postoperative complication rates were equal in both groups. Cox proportional hazards model identified the response rate and RDI as predictors of RFS. Conclusion: An average RDI of more than or equal to 80% improved prognosis in patients receiving DCF-NAC for ESCC.
A growth model for Paleosuchus trigonatus (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) from the Rio Negro predicts growth of individuals from the Xingu River, Brazil
Authors: Campos Zilca , Muniz Fábio , Magnusson William E. , Rodrigues Dhones , Rossi Raider , Júnior Nelson S. , Silva Roberto L.
Published: January 2023

Patterns of growth of crocodilians vary geographically within the same species, so models developed in one area may not predict size-age relationships in others. We used recapture data for three females and six males of Paleosuchus trigonatus from the Belo Monte hydroelectric dam area on the Xingu River to validate a growth model developed on a tributary of the Rio Negro. Individuals were recaptured between two and 10 years after marking (2012–2022). The data indicate that the monomolecular (von Bertalanffy by length) model is adequate to model growth of intermediate size animals. Recapture of one female after eight years indicates that the Rio Negro model can be used to model growth with accuracy for individuals from the Xingu River.
An assessment of the herpetofauna of the Oriental Sweetgum forests in southwestern Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Bozkurt Emin , Ürker Okan , Elverici Mert
Published: January 2023

Oriental Sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis) is a threatened tree species restricted to Rhodes Island (Greece) and southern Anatolia (Turkey), best known for its rare riparian forests. These small patches of forests are severely fragmented and scattered, and are rarely found in southwestern Turkey. Based on field sampling and data compilation, we performed an assessment of the herpetofauna in these forests in southwestern Turkey during the spring of 2019 and 2021. Sampling was carried out using a line-transect method in 13 forests with various habitats, resulting in data at the community and population levels. Sixteen families, including 26 amphibian and reptile species (four anurans, four turtles, nine lizards, and nine snakes), were recorded from these unique forests, based on 1440 individuals. Twenty-two species were recorded for the first time from these forests; in addition, Emys orbicularis and Elaphe sauromates were recorded for the first time from the region. Richness in the forest patches, habitat use by the recorded species, and interspecific interactions are discussed to explain the conspicuous patterns observed in the species distributions. The unique distribution pattern of Phoenicolacerta laevis among the existing forest patches represents the most prominent finding, with implications for a recent introduction. The fossorial species Xerotyphlops vermicularis, Blanus strauchi, and Eryx jaculus are unlikely to occur in the Oriental Sweetgum forest due to annual flooding. The data obtained during this study will be transferred to the Oriental Sweetgum forest conservation action plan (2019–2024) as part of the biodiversity monitoring tools for use in the long-term conservation of these forests.
O Judiciário e a Inefetividade da Lei 14.010/20 no Escopo das Políticas Públicas de Proteção a Inquilinos Durante a Pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Nascimento Breno William
Published: January 2023

A dinâmica imobiliária decorrente da produção capitalista do espaço exprime, dentre outros aspectos, um cenário de insegurança habitacional frente à moradia de aluguel, que ainda tem pouco amparo de políticas públicas setoriais positivadas em lei, acarretando em um acirramento da lógica de segregação socioespacial. Nesse sentido, a atuação do Poder Judiciário tem tido papel decisivo na produção e reprodução da seletividade no espaço urbano a partir do processamento e expedição de mandados de despejo, fato este agravado nos períodos de crise, como a vivida em virtude da pandemia de Covid-19. Diante do turvo horizonte pandêmico, o norteamento normativo de locações em países como EUA, França, Espanha, entre outros, foi deslocado para uma adequação a novas regras, com vistas a evitar os despejos. No Brasil, o enfrentamento da questão se deu por meio da Lei 14.010/20. Esta pesquisa objetivou observar como o judiciário de São Paulo, nos fóruns cíveis da capital paulista, acolheu a Lei 14.010/20 durante seu período de vigência, mencionando-a nas decisões das sentenças de execução de despejo, referentes a imóveis residenciais, bem como utilizando-a como instrumento de suspensão das liminares de despejo no período. Foram catalogadas 114 decisões, referentes a imóveis residenciais, proferidas por 55 juízes da capital paulista. Dentre elas, apenas 17 (14,9%) mencionaram a lei 14.010/20, enquanto 19 decisões (16,66%) citam a pandemia. Apesar das citações, apenas 4 decisões (3,5% do total), proferidas por três juízes (5,45%), suspenderam despejos até a data de vencimento da referida lei, demonstrando sua baixa expressividade no escopo dos despejos como um todo, trazendo ao debate a necessidade de implementação de outros instrumentos de maior eficácia na prevenção de despejos, com vistas às garantias dos direitos fundamentais à vida, à saúde e à moradia durante a pandemia.
Genetic Effect on Body Mass Index and Cardiovascular Disease Across Generations
Authors: Sarnowski Chloé , Conomos Matthew P. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Meigs James B. , Dupuis Josée , Liu Ching-Ti , Leong Aaron
Published: January 2023

Background:

Whether genetics contribute to the rising prevalence of obesity or its cardiovascular consequences in today’s obesogenic environment remains unclear. We sought to determine whether the effects of a higher aggregate genetic burden of obesity risk on body mass index (BMI) or cardiovascular disease (CVD) differed by birth year.

Methods:

We split the FHS (Framingham Heart Study) into 4 equally sized birth cohorts (birth year before 1932, 1932 to 1946, 1947 to 1959, and after 1960). We modeled a genetic predisposition to obesity using an additive genetic risk score (GRS) of 941 BMI-associated variants and tested for GRS–birth year interaction on log-BMI (outcome) when participants were around 50 years old (N=7693). We repeated the analysis using a GRS of 109 BMI-associated variants that increased CVD risk factors (type 2 diabetes, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein) in addition to BMI. We then evaluated whether the effects of the BMI GRSs on CVD risk differed by birth cohort when participants were around 60 years old (N=5493).

Results:

Compared with participants born before 1932 (mean age, 50.8 yrs [2.4]), those born after 1960 (mean age, 43.3 years [4.5]) had higher BMI (median, 25.4 [23.3–28.0] kg/m
2
versus 26.9 [interquartile range, 23.7–30.6] kg/m
2
). The effect of the 941-variant BMI GRS on BMI and CVD risk was stronger in people who were born in later years (GRS–birth year interaction:
P
=0.0007 and
P
=0.04 respectively).

Conclusions:

The significant GRS–birth year interactions indicate that common genetic variants have larger effects on middle-age BMI and CVD risk in people born more recently. These findings suggest that the increasingly obesogenic environment may amplify the impact of genetics on the risk of obesity and possibly its cardiovascular consequences.
Circulating Spike Protein Detected in Post–COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Myocarditis
Authors: Yonker Lael M. , Swank Zoe , Bartsch Yannic C. , Burns Madeleine D. , Kane Abigail , Boribong Brittany P. , Davis Jameson P. , Loiselle Maggie , Novak Tanya , Senussi Yasmeen , Cheng Chi-An , Burgess Eleanor , Edlow Andrea G. , Chou Janet , Dionne Audrey , Balaguru Duraisamy , Lahoud-Rahme Manuella , Arditi Moshe , Julg Boris , Randolph Adrienne G. , Alter Galit , Fasano Alessio , Walt David R.
Published: January 2023

Background:

Cases of adolescents and young adults developing myocarditis after vaccination with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–targeted mRNA vaccines have been reported globally, but the underlying immunoprofiles of these individuals have not been described in detail.

Methods:

From January 2021 through February 2022, we prospectively collected blood from 16 patients who were hospitalized at Massachusetts General for Children or Boston Children’s Hospital for myocarditis, presenting with chest pain with elevated cardiac troponin T after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We performed extensive antibody profiling, including tests for SARS-CoV-2–specific humoral responses and assessment for autoantibodies or antibodies against the human-relevant virome, SARS-CoV-2–specific T-cell analysis, and cytokine and SARS-CoV-2 antigen profiling. Results were compared with those from 45 healthy, asymptomatic, age-matched vaccinated control subjects.

Results:

Extensive antibody profiling and T-cell responses in the individuals who developed postvaccine myocarditis were essentially indistinguishable from those of vaccinated control subjects, despite a modest increase in cytokine production. A notable finding was that markedly elevated levels of full-length spike protein (33.9±22.4 pg/mL), unbound by antibodies, were detected in the plasma of individuals with postvaccine myocarditis, whereas no free spike was detected in asymptomatic vaccinated control subjects (unpaired
t
test;
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions:

Immunoprofiling of vaccinated adolescents and young adults revealed that the mRNA vaccine–induced immune responses did not differ between individuals who developed myocarditis and individuals who did not. However, free spike antigen was detected in the blood of adolescents and young adults who developed post-mRNA vaccine myocarditis, advancing insight into its potential underlying cause.
Research, Representation, and Conservation of Mani Heaps: The Digitalization Projects
Authors: Peng Zhijun , Sun Han , Tao Wenyuan , Wang Haoyu , Kang Qibin , Xu Wenguang , Zeng Fanyue , Lin Chenzheng
Published: January 2023

A kind of cultural heritage, a Mani heap is piled with many carving stones and used as a religious altar for prayer in daily life in Tibet. It has distinctive characteristics and high research value, providing extensive content and abundant information. This paper focuses on an overview of three digitization projects for Mani heaps. Based on the collected data of five field surveys, the three projects leverage digitization methods to introduce, analyze, and represent Mani heaps to support scholarly analysis and casual appreciation. The authors explore these projects to study, represent, and conserve Mani heaps, which are often ignored by researchers.