bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modificación del paisaje agrícola en el regadío de la ribera del Ebro (Zaragoza)
Authors: Alonso Logroño M.ª Pilar , Hernández Navarro M.ª Luz
Published: September 2018

Este trabajo se ocupa del análisis de las transformaciones recientes que ha sufrido el paisaje de regadío en el sector central de la Depresión del Ebro -en torno a la ciudad de Zaragoza-, sobre todo a partir de la incidencia de los procesos de reestructuración de la industria urbana. Este fenómeno va a generar cambios en las actividades de la población y en la ocupación del suelo. El aspecto más llamativo, aunque no el único, es la sustitución de cultivos tradicionales, como las hortalizas, por otros de carácter extensivo, como los cereales de regadío, leguminosas o cultivos industriales. Ello permite la generación de la agricultura a tiempo parcial.

[fr] Cette étude s'occupe de l'analyse des trasformations que le paysage d'irrigation de la zone centrale de la Dépression de l'Ebre -autor de la ville de Saragosse- a subies, surtout à partir de l'incidence des processus de réorganisation de l'industrie urbaine. Ceci va entraîner des changements dans las activités de la population et aussi en ce quel concerne l'occupation du sol. L'aspect le plus remarqueable, mais pas le seul, c'est la substitution des cultures tradicionelles, telle que la culture maraîchère, para des autres cultures de type extensive, comme les céréales irrigables, les légumineuses ou bien les cultures industrielles. Ceci poermet la généralisation de l'agriculture à
temps partiel.
Organización y desarrollo de la esfera de los servicios en Cuba
Authors: Valdivia Fernández Isabel María
Published: September 2018

La esfera de los servicios constituye una parte importante de la economía nacional. Un pobre desarrollo de esta esfera frena el progreso de la sociedad e influye negativamente en su auge económico. El presente artículo se propone dar una idea de las características de la organización y desarrollo de esta esfera en Cuba. Dado el amplio carácter de la esfera, por la variedad y número de ramas que contiene, así como su desarrollo en el tiempo, el mismo no presenta un análisis detallado de cada una de las ramas que la conforman ni su desarrollo histórico, sino más bien destacar algunos elementos relevantes por el papel que han jugado y juegan en el mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida de la población en general.
El envejecimiento de la población en Aragón
Authors: Aguilera Arilla M.ª José
Published: September 2018

EI envejecimiento de la población española y su desigual distribución espacial es un hecho comprobado y estudiado por diferentes autores. Si bien a escala nacional el índice de envejecimiento JN era de 0,59 en 1986 (el 12,18 de los españoles tenia más de 65 años), la distribución espacial de ese envejecimiento a escalas autonómica, provincial y municipal es muy heterogénea. Esta desigualdad aumenta todavía más cuando se estudia el envejecimiento según el tamaño de los núcleos de población. Los municipios rurales, los que poseen menos de 2.000 habitantes, según propone el INE en el Censo de la Población Española, presentan cifras de envejecimiento por encima de la unidad, es decir, en ellos viven más de un mayor de 65 años por cada niño menor de 15. Diferenciando en cuatro niveles este tamaño poblacional: hasta 101, de 101 a 500, de 501 a 1.000 y de 1.001 a 2.000, se observa que el envejecimiento aumenta en proporción inversa al tamaño de la población de los mismos, siendo del 5,5 en los municipios de menos de 100 h. Estas alarmantes cifras de envejecimiento en una población que, aunque supone tan sólo el 8% del total de la población española, ocupa el 73,6% de los municipios y más de la mitad de la superficie total del país, nos hizo pensar en la necesidad de su estudio ante las perspectivas de desertizacion que ello lleva consigo.
El método cartográfico de Tomás López. El interrogatorio y los mapas de España
Authors: López Gómez Antonio
Published: September 2018

No disponible.
Proposta de um modelo de previsão do resultado para o planejamento tributário de pequenas empresas
Authors: Costa Daniel Fonseca , Silva Ana Carolina Menezes , Moreira Bruno César de Melo , Costa Marcos Franke , Andrade Lelis Pedro
Published: September 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo elaborar um modelo integrado de previsão do orçamento de resultado, que auxilie no planejamento tributário de empresas comerciais de pequeno porte. Para isso, o modelo integrado de previsão foi baseado nos métodos Ajuste Exponencial, HoltWinters Aditivo e Multiplicativo e Box Jenkins (ARIMA), que foram aplicados nos dados reais de uma pequena empresa comercial, entre os anos de 2007 e 2014. O modelo integrado foi definido em seis etapas, a fim de demonstrar qual é o melhor método de previsão para cada variável do orçamento de resultado e qual é a melhor alternativa de tributação para a empresa. Os resultados previstos foram comparados com os resultados reais de 2014, demonstrando que o poder preditivo das variáveis foi satisfatório. Após isso, foi elaborado o planejamento tributário com base nas variáveis estimadas, por meio do cálculos dos tributos (ICMS, PIS, COFINS, Imposto de Renda e Contribuição Social) e da elaboração da demonstração de resultado, em relação aos seguintes tipos de tributação: SIMPLES Nacional, Lucro Real e Lucro Presumido. O planejamento tributário demonstrou que a opção menos onerosa para a empresa em estudo referente ao exercício de 2014 foi o Lucro Real, o que se mostrou coerente com os resultados reais apresentados pela empresa nesse exercício. Por fim, conclui-se que o modelo de previsão integrado na composição de um orçamento e no planejamento tributário, possui utilidade na tomada de decisão tributária, mostrando-se eficiente para o planejamento orçamentário e tributário.
Haptoglobin Is a Divergent MASP Family Member That Neofunctionalized To Recycle Hemoglobin via CD163 in Mammals
Authors: Redmond Anthony K. , Ohta Yuko , Criscitiello Michael F. , Macqueen Daniel J. , Flajnik Martin F. , Dooley Helen
Published: September 2018

In mammals, haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute-phase plasma protein that binds with high affinity to hemoglobin (Hb) released by intravascular hemolysis. The resultant Hp–Hb complexes are bound and cleared by the scavenger receptor CD163, limiting Hb-induced oxidative damage. In this study, we show that Hp is a divergent member of the complement-initiating MASP family of proteins, which emerged in the ancestor of jawed vertebrates. We demonstrate that Hp has been independently lost from multiple vertebrate lineages, that characterized Hb-interacting residues of mammals are poorly conserved in nonmammalian species maintaining Hp, and that the extended loop 3 region of Hp, which mediates CD163 binding, is present only in mammals. We show that the Hb-binding ability of cartilaginous fish (nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum; small-spotted catshark, Scyliorhinus canicula; and thornback ray, Raja clavata) and teleost fish (rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) Hp is species specific, and where binding does occur it is likely mediated through a different structural mechanism to mammalian Hp. The continued, high-level expression of Hp in cartilaginous fishes in which Hb binding is not evident signals that Hp has (an)other, yet unstudied, role(s) in these species. Previous work indicates that mammalian Hp also has secondary, immunomodulatory functions that are independent of Hb binding; our work suggests these may be remnants of evolutionary more ancient functions, retained after Hb removal became the primary role of Hp in mammals.
Poliomyelitis
Authors: Clark Ruth Millburn , Lund Ruth A.
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
A Constraint-based Mission Planning Approach for Reconfigurable Multi-Robot Systems
Authors: Roehr Thomas M
Published: September 2018

The application of reconfigurable multi-robot systems introduces additional degrees of freedom to design robotic missions compared to classical multi-robot systems. To allow for autonomous operation of such systems, planning approaches have to be investigated that cannot only cope with the combinatorial challenge arising from the increased flexibility of modular systems, but also exploit this flexibility to improve for example the safety of operation. While the problem originates from the domain of robotics it is of general nature and significantly intersects with operations research. This paper suggests a constraint-based mission planning approach, and presents a set of revised definitions for reconfigurable multi-robot systems including the representation of the planning problem using spatially and temporally qualified resource constraints. Planning is performed using a multi-stage approach and a combined use of knowledge-based reasoning, constraint-based programming and integer linear programming. The paper concludes with the illustration of the solution of a planned example mission.
Gravity waves excited during a minor sudden stratospheric warming
Authors: Dörnbrack Andreas , Gisinger Sonja , Kaifler Natalie , Portele Tanja Christina , Bramberger Martina , Rapp Markus , Gerding Michael , Faber Jens , Žagar Nedjeljka , Jelić Damjan
Published: September 2018

Abstract. An exceptionally deep upper-air sounding launched from Kiruna
airport (67.82∘ N, 20.33∘ E) on 30 January 2016 stimulated
the current investigation of internal gravity waves excited during a minor
sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in the Arctic winter 2015/16. The analysis
of the radiosonde profile revealed large kinetic and potential energies in
the upper stratosphere without any simultaneous enhancement of upper
tropospheric and lower stratospheric values. Upward-propagating
inertia-gravity waves in the upper stratosphere and downward-propagating
modes in the lower stratosphere indicated a region of gravity wave generation
in the stratosphere. Two-dimensional wavelet analysis was applied to vertical
time series of temperature fluctuations in order to determine the vertical
propagation direction of the stratospheric gravity waves in 1-hourly
high-resolution meteorological analyses and short-term forecasts. The
separation of upward- and downward-propagating waves provided further evidence
for a stratospheric source of gravity waves. The scale-dependent
decomposition of the flow into a balanced component and inertia-gravity waves
showed that coherent wave packets preferentially occurred at the inner edge
of the Arctic polar vortex where a sub-vortex formed during the minor SSW.
Anthropogenic aerosol forcing – insights from multi-estimates from aerosol-climate models with reduced complexity
Authors: Fiedler Stephanie , Kinne Stefan , Huang W. T. Katty , Räisänen Petri , O'Donnell Declan , Bellouin Nicolas , Stier Philip , Merikanto Joonas , van Noije Twan , Carslaw Ken , Makkonen Risto , Lohmann Ulrike
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The radiative forcing of anthropogenic aerosol remains a key uncertainty in the understanding of climate change. This study quantifies the model spread in aerosol forcing associated with (i) variability internal to the atmosphere and (ii) differences in the model representation of weather. We do so by performing ensembles of atmosphere-only simulations with four state-of-the-art Earth system models, three of which will be used in the sixth coupled model inter-comparison project (CMIP6, Eyring et al., 2016). In those models we reduce the complexity of the anthropogenic aerosol by prescribing the same annually-repeating patterns of the anthropogenic aerosol optical properties and associated effects on the cloud reflectivity. We quantify a comparably small model spread in the long-term averaged ERF compared to the overall possible range in annual ERF estimates associated with model-internal variability. This implies that identifying the true model spread in ERF associated with differences in the representation of meteorological processes and natural aerosol requires averaging over a sufficiently large number of annual estimates. We characterize the model diversity in clouds and use satellite products as benchmarks. Despite major inter-model differences in natural aerosol and clouds, all models show only a small change in the global-mean ERF due to the substantial change in the global anthropogenic aerosol distribution between the mid-1970s and mid-2000s, the ensemble mean ERF being −0.47 Wm−2 for the mid-1970s and −0.51 Wm−2 for the mid-2000s. This result suggests that inter-comparing ERF changes between two periods rather than absolute magnitudes relative to pre-industrial might provide a more stringent test for a model's ability for representing climate evolutions.
Updated MISR Over-Water Research Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm Part 2: A Multi-
Angle Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm for Shallow, Turbid, Oligotrophic, and Eutrophic Waters
Authors: Limbacher James A. , Kahn Ralph A.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Coastal waters serve as transport pathways to the ocean for all agricultural and other runoff from terrestrial sources; they are also some of the most biologically productive on the planet. Estimating the impact coastal waters have on the global carbon budget requires relating satellite-based remote-sensing retrievals of biological productivity (e.g., Chlorophyll-a concentration) to in-situ measurements taken in near-surface waters. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) can uniquely constrain the “atmospheric correction” needed to derive ocean color from remote-sensing imagers. Here, we retrieve aerosol amount and type from MISR over all types of water. The primary limitation is an upper bound on aerosol optical depth (AOD), as the algorithm must be able to distinguish the surface. This updated MISR research aerosol retrieval algorithm (RA) also assumes that light reflection by the underlying ocean surface is Lambertian. The RA computes the ocean surface reflectance (Rrs) analytically for a given AOD, aerosol optical model, and wind speed. We provide retrieval examples over shallow, turbid, and eutrophic waters and introduce a productivity/turbidity index (PTI), calculated from retrieved spectral Rrs, that distinguished water types (similar to NDVI over land). We also validate the new algorithm by comparing spectral AOD and Angstrom exponent (ANG) results with 2419 collocated AERosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) observations. For AERONET 558 nm interpolated AOD  0.20, the ANG RMSE is 0.25 and r = 0.89. Although MISR RA AOD retrieval quality does not appear to be substantially impacted by the presence of turbid water, MISR RA-retrieved Angstrom exponent seems to suffer from increased uncertainty under such conditions. MISR supplements current ocean color sources in regions where sun glint precludes retrievals from single-view-angle instruments. MISR atmospheric correction should also be more robust than that derived from single-view instruments such as MODIS. This is especially true in regions of shallow, turbid, and eutrophic waters, locations where biological productivity can be high, and single-view angle retrieval algorithms struggle to separate atmospheric from oceanic features.
A decade of CH4, CO and N2O in situ measurements at Lauder, New Zealand: assessing the long-term performance of a Fourier transform infra-red trace gas and isotope analyser
Authors: Smale Dan , Sherlock Vanessa , Griffith David W. T. , Moss Rowena , Brailsford Gordon , Nichol Sylvia , Kotkamp Michael
Published: September 2018

Abstract. We present a ten-year (Jan 2007–Dec 2016) time series of continuous in situ measurements of methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) made by an in situ Fourier transform infra-red trace gas and isotope analyser (FTIR) operated at Lauder, New Zealand (45.04S, 169.68E, 370 m AMSL). Being the longest continuous deployed operational FTIR system of this type, we are in an ideal position to perform a practical evaluation of multi-year performance of the analyser. The operational methodology, measurement precision, reproducibility, accuracy and instrument reliability are reported. We find the FTIR has a measurement repeatability of the order of 0.37 ppb (1-sigma standard deviation) for CH4, 0.31 ppb for CO and 0.12 ppb for N2O. Regular target cylinder measurements provide a reproducibility estimate of 1.19 ppb for CH4, 0.74 ppb for CO and 0.27 ppb for N2O. FTIR measurements are compared to co-located ambient air flask samples acquired at Lauder since May 2009, which allows a long-term assessment of the FTIR data set across annual and seasonal composition changes. Comparing FTIR and co-located flask measurements show that the bias (FTIR minus flask) for CH4 of −1.02 ppb ± 2.61 and CO of −0.43 ppb ± 1.60 are within the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) recommended compatibility goals of 2 ppb. The N2O FTIR flask bias of −0.01 ppb ± 0.77 is within the GAW recommended compatibility goals of 0.1 ppb should be viewed as a serendipitous result due to the large standard deviation along with known systematic differences in the measurement sets. Uncertainty budgets for each gas are also constructed based upon instrument precision, reproducibility and accuracy. In the case of CH4, systematic uncertainty dominates whilst for CO and N2O it is comparable to the random uncertainty component. The long-term instrument stability, precision estimates and flask comparison results indicate the FTIR CH4 and CO time series meet the GAW compatibility recommendations across multiple years of operation, (and instrument changes), and is sufficient to capture annual trends and seasonal cycles observed at Lauder. The differences between FTIR and flask N2O measurements need to be reconciled. Trend analysis of the ten-year time series captures seasonal cycles, the secular upward trend of CH4 and N2O. The CH4 and CO time series have the required precision and accuracy at a high enough temporal resolution to be used in inversion models in a data sparse region of the world.
Magnetosheath jet properties and evolution as determined by a global hybrid-Vlasov simulation
Authors: Palmroth Minna , Hietala Heli , Plaschke Ferdinand , Archer Martin , Karlsson Tomas , Blanco-Cano Xóchitl , Sibeck David , Kajdič Primož , Ganse Urs , Pfau-Kempf Yann , Battarbee Markus , Turc Lucile
Published: September 2018

Abstract. We use a global hybrid-Vlasov simulation for the magnetosphere, Vlasiator, to
investigate magnetosheath high-speed jets. Unlike many other hybrid-kinetic
simulations, Vlasiator includes an unscaled geomagnetic dipole, indicating
that the simulation spatial and temporal dimensions can be given in SI units
without scaling. Thus, for the first time, this allows investigating the
magnetosheath jet properties and comparing them directly with the observed
jets within the Earth's magnetosheath. In the run shown in this paper, the
interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) cone angle is 30∘, and a
foreshock develops upstream of the quasi-parallel magnetosheath. We visually
detect a structure with high dynamic pressure propagating from the bow shock
through the magnetosheath. The structure is confirmed as a jet using three
different criteria, which have been adopted in previous observational
studies. We compare these criteria against the simulation results. We find
that the magnetosheath jet is an elongated structure extending earthward from
the bow shock by ∼2.6 RE, while its size perpendicular to
the direction of propagation is ∼0.5 RE. We also
investigate the jet evolution and find that the jet originates due to the
interaction of the bow shock with a high-dynamic-pressure structure that
reproduces observational features associated with a short, large-amplitude
magnetic structure (SLAMS). The simulation shows that magnetosheath jets can
develop also under steady IMF, as inferred by observational studies. To our
knowledge, this paper therefore shows the first global kinetic simulation of
a magnetosheath jet, which is in accordance with three observational jet
criteria and is caused by a SLAMS advecting towards the bow shock.
Twentieth-Century Poet Illustrators: Thomas Hardy, Günter Grass, and Stevie Smith
Authors: Bell Geraldine
Published: September 2018

Only a handful of twentieth-century poets have published their own illustrated verse for a literary readership. Günter Grass and Stevie Smith included illustrations in all their first edition volumes, and Thomas Hardy's first book of poetry was illustrated with a substantial number of neat ink drawings. As an anomaly in his publishing history, Hardy scholars and editors have seemed perplexed as to how to treat his illustrations, often choosing to omit them altogether. Likewise, those reprinting Grass and Smith's works (when translated into English or anthologized) have frequently not included the visual partners of the poems, despite Grass and Smith's own advocacy of them. This editorial attitude dismisses illustrations as optional paratexts that merely support the meaning already inherent in the poem. In this article, I argue that we need to view the visual and verbal together in order to fully understand the text; or rather, a poem reprinted without the drawing it was partnered with in the first edition is incomplete. I examine a selection of work from each of these poet-illustrators which demonstrates that rather than being superfluous to our understanding of the poems, the illustrations are integral to a complete and informed reading of these composite texts.
Language Use in Computer Mediated-Communication and Users’ Social Identity
Authors: Damanhouri Miramar Yousif
Published: September 2018

This study examines the relationship between language use in computer-mediated communication and the social identity of the user. The data were collected by surveying 298 Saudi bilingual speakers who are familiar with Arabizi, a blend of Latin characters and Arabic numerals to transliterate Arabic sounds, and then analyzed quantitatively by running tests for statistical confidence in order to determine differences in perceptions between young adults (ages 15-25 years) and middle-aged adults (ages 26-50 years). According to the findings of this study, English is the dominant language among most of the young adults surveyed, and when they do use Arabic, they use Arabizi because of its flexibility, compatibility with modern technology, and its acceptance among people of their age and sociocultural backgrounds. On the other hand, most middle-aged adults surveyed here tend to use Arabic, as they believe that they should show their loyalty to their origin. The results of the study demonstrate a mutual relationship between language use in computer-mediated communication and the user’s social identity, as language is used both to reflect and co-construct that identity.
Antecedents of Expectation and Continuance on Internet Group Buying Intention: An Empirical Study in Taiwan
Authors: Tseng Fan-Chuan
Published: September 2018

Group buying websites have emerged as a major channel in e-commerce because they encourage consumers to negotiate deals with product/service providers. They also feature a “deal of the day” for consumers and an anticipated transaction volumes and discounts. Consumers can leverage their collective bargaining power to acquire products or services at discount prices when a minimum number of people are willing to purchase collectively. Considering the characteristics of collective bargaining power in Internet group buying and the continuance behavior of online consumers, this study integrated consumer psychological factors into expectation–confirmation theory to examine consumer cognitive processes. A survey was conducted to collect and analyze empirical data from ihergo—a popular Taiwanese group buying website. The results demonstrate that in the pre-purchase phase, consumer trust in group buying initiators and websites significantly affects their perceived risk and attitude toward Internet group buying deals, generating more positive expectations and group buying intentions. Moreover, in the post-purchase phase, a higher level of confirmation reflects higher trust and lower perceived risk. In addition, trust, perceived risk, and attitude significantly affect consumer satisfaction. This study suggests both practical and theoretical views for elucidating and enhancing the effectiveness of collective power in e-commerce.
Mandatory Community Service Program: A Case Study of Young Nepalese Canadians Experiences
Authors: Maharjan Nabin , O’Neill Tom
Published: September 2018

Canadian schools introduced community service program in 1999 to engage youth in diverse communities of Canada. Many studies have identified the gap in understanding immigrant youths’ experience on mandatory community service but has yet to study immigrant youth’s experience. Therefore, this paper explores the experiences of young Nepalese Canadians aged 18- 24 who participated in mandatory community involvement for graduating from high schools in Ontario, Canada. The findings are based on qualitative data gathered from ten interviews with young Nepalese Canadians who went to Canadian high schools, and are currently living in the Greater Toronto area (GTA). The study provides a nuanced understanding of visible minority immigrant youth’s experiences of mandatory community service in high school. The findings suggest that participants experience the program as merely an obligatory requirement to graduate from high school rather than a platform for learning civic skills and engaging in diverse Canadian communities. In addition, this case study of Nepalese Canadian youth depicts how young Nepalese Canadians depend on informal sources, mainly peer-to-peer sharing, for engaging in community, and illustrates how they conceptualize what community involvement means to them. Finally, based on this study, we argue that amendment to this mandatory program is an urgent call for engaging visible minority immigrant youth civically and meaningfully in Canadian communities.
The Impact of Project-Based Learning on Achievement and Student Views: The Case of AutoCAD Programming Course
Authors: Çelik Halil Coşkun , Ertaş Haydar , İlhan Aziz
Published: September 2018

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of project-based learning on academic achievements of vocational school of higher education students and to investigate their views on the topic. In the study, a mixed descriptive design where qualitative and quantitative data were both collected and analyzed. The quantitative part was conducted with relational screening method and the qualitative part was conducted with descriptive analysis method. The study group included 13 freshmen students attending the vocational school of higher education, building inspection program in a university located in Eastern Anatolia region in Turkey during the 2016-2017 academic year spring semester and selected with convenience sampling method. The study was conducted during the 14 weeks long period where the related programming course was instructed. In the study, quantitative data were collected with an achievement test that measured the academic achievements of the students in AutoCAD programming course. The qualitative data were collected with a structured interview form designed to collect the student views on the related course. Quantitative data were analyzed with the t-test and the descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the qualitative data. In conclusion, it was determined that project-based learning had a positive impact on academic achievement. Furthermore, students expressed that they achieved meaningful learning as a result of the project-based learning application and the method was adequate for the instruction process, improved their interest in the course and related the content with daily life.
BACKGROUND CONCENTRATION OF MICROELEMENTS IN ULAANBAATAR REGIONAL NATURAL SURFACE SOIL
Authors: Ts Byambasuren , B Khuukhenkhuu , G Ochirbat , E Vasilyeva I , V Shabanova E , D Tsedenbaljir , T Korolkov A
Published: September 2018

In this paper were presented the background values in total content and bioavailable concentration of trace elements in regional surface soil of Ulaanbaatar city. The main goal of this study is to establish the total content and bio-available concentration of microelements in natural soil of around Ulaanbaatar and to standardize them as main criterion in assessment of soil pollution by heavy metals. Background sites were selected in 20-40 km from the city center and in the resident zone. In soil samples using the complex analytical methods of atomic spectroscopy have been determined the total content and bio-available concentration of microelements.
Parallel individuation supports numerical comparisons in preschoolers
Authors: Cheung Pierina , Le Corre Mathieu
Published: September 2018

While the approximate number system (ANS) has been shown to represent relations between numerosities starting in infancy, little is known about whether parallel individuation – a system dedicated to representing objects in small collections – can also be used to represent numerical relations between collections. To test this, we asked preschoolers between the ages of 2 ½ and 4 ½ to compare two arrays of figures that either included exclusively small numerosities (< 4) or exclusively large numerosities (> 4). The ratios of the comparisons were the same in both small and large numerosity conditions. Experiment 1 used a between-subject design, with different groups of preschoolers comparing small and large numerosities, and found that small numerosities are easier to compare than large ones. Experiment 2 replicated this finding with a wider range of set sizes. Experiment 3 further replicated the small-large difference in a within-subject design. We also report tentative evidence that non- and 1-knowers perform better on comparing small numerosities than large numerosities. These results suggest that preschoolers can use parallel individuation to compare numerosities, possibly prior to the onset of number word learning, and thus support previous proposals that there are numerical operations defined over parallel individuation (e.g., Feigenson & Carey, 2003; https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7687.00313).
Forord
Authors: Slot Marie Falkesgaard
Published: September 2018

Det første nummer indeholder en status og et perspektiv på læremiddelforskningen i Skandinavien med særligt fokus på Danmark og Norge.
Skolens nye literacy
Authors: Blikstad-Balas Marte
Published: September 2018

I denne artikkelen belyser jeg de didaktiske konsekvensene av at vi i Norge har nærmest 100% (1:1) dekning når det gjelder tilgang til digitale teknologier, både i hjemmet og på skolen. Dette er en situasjon som også er stadig mer aktuell i de andre nordiske landene. Ved å gi elevene tilgang til Internett, svekkes grensene mellom det som er skolens tekster og andres tekster – grensene mellom hva som er innenfor og utenfor skolens literacy.
Et didaktisk spændingsfelt
Authors: Svendsen Helle Bundgaard
Published: September 2018

Vi har i Danmark tradition for at uddele læse- og skriveteknologi til elever i grundskolen. Traditionen bygger på praksiserfaring, men vi har ikke mange undersøgelser af, hvordan vi didaktisk griber undervisning i og med læse- og skriveteknologi an. Der er derfor behov for at skabe ny viden om didaktikken på dette felt. Samtidig ved vi fra danske undersøgelser, at nogle elever ikke tager anvendelsen af læse- og skriveteknologientil sig. Det ser dog ud til, at ordblindeefterskolerne lykkes med dette, og det er derfor sandsynligt, at lærere på ordblindeefterskolerne vil kunne pege på væsentlige didaktiske elementer af betydning for dette. Jeg vil i denne artikel præsentere en undersøgelse af, hvad praksiseksperter italesætter som særligt væsentligt for læse- og skriveundervisningen af unge med og i skriftsprogsvanskeligheder, der anvender læse- og skriveteknologi.
О ЈЕЗИКУ ЈОВАНА СУБОТИЋА
Authors: Чолаковић Вера
Published: September 2018

Проучавање српског књижевног језика прве половине XIX вије-ка употпуњено је монографијом Језик Јована Суботића аутораАлександра Милановића. Монографија Језик Јована Суботићаобјављена је 2014. године у Београду, а представља дјелимично прерађе-ну докторску дисертацију.
О ФОРМАЛНИМ И СУШТИНСКИМ ГРЕШКАМА У НАСТАВНОМ ПРОГРАМУ ИЗ СРПСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА ЗА ОСНОВНУ ШКОЛУ У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРПСКОЈ
Authors: Лаловић Раде
Published: September 2018

У раду се разматрају основне карактеристике постојећег на-ставног програма за основну школу као документа од државног значаја.Детаљно се указује на пропусте и грешке у структури самог програма, нагрешке у терминологији, а онда и о недосљедностима у самом садржајупрограма. Посебно се скреће пажња на недопустиво произвољно формули-сане стандарде знања у шестом разреду основне школе, а потом и на врлоповршне и у суштини неупотребљивe ставове наставника како о наставномпрограму, тако и о уџбеницима.
ФИГУРЕ ЧИТАЊА КРОЗ ОТПОРЕ И ПРЕКОРАЧЕЊА
Authors: Мацура Сања
Published: September 2018

Снежана Милосављевић Милић, ванредни професор теорије књи-жевности и методологије проучавања књижевности на Департма-ну за српску и компаративну књижевност Филозофског факулте-та Универзитета у Нишу, у 2013. години је објавила двије научне књигеогледа и расправа из области спрске књижевности 19. и 20. вијека, објесаткане од прерађених верзија радова који су раније објављени у науч-ним часописима или зборницима радова са научних скупова одржаниху Србији и иностранству. Тако је научној и широј читалачкој публициомогућен ближи увид у двадесет и четири научна рада ове ауторке, којасу тиме постала доступнија како садашњим, тако и будућим проучавао-цима опуса писаца о чијим прозним дјелима је писала.
СЛОВО О СРПСКОМ ПИСМУ
Authors: Козомара Драгомир
Published: September 2018

Српско културно и просвјетно друштво „Просвјета – основано1902. године, а обновљено 1990. године у Сарајеву – у прошлој,2013. години предало је читаоцима књигу угледног српског линг-висте проф. др Милоша Ковачевића У одбрану српске ћирилице – хре-стоматија. Ради се о првој хрестоматији текстова о српској ћирилици,коју је проф. Ковачевић сачинио „с циљем да се ћирилици врати значајкоји је, изузимајући посљедњи вијек, код Срба увијек имала”.
АНАЛИЗА РЕЗУЛТАТА ТЕСТОВА ИЗ ОБЛАСТИ МОРФОЛОГИЈЕ У ДРУГОМ РАЗРЕДУ ГИМНАЗИЈЕ
Authors: Касагић Сандријела
Published: September 2018

У овом раду анализирани су резултати 265 тестова из области морфологи-је (у ужем смислу). Тестирани су ученици свих смерова другог разреда Гимна-зије Бања Лука на крају школске 2014/2015. године. Тестирање није обављеноу исто време, али јесте у кратком року. Ученицима је наглашено да се ради каоистраживање без утицаја на њихове оцене. Анализиран је успех на сваком за-датку и најчешће уочене грешке. У припреми за ово тестирање проверено јекоје су методе професори примењивали у савлађивању ове области управоради упоређивања резултата. На крају рада налазе се закључци и препоруке оуоченим резултатима за будуће превазилажење проблема.
Transcranial direct current stimulation in mild cognitive impairment: methodology for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Alencastro Aline S , Pereira Danilo A , Brasil-Neto Joaquim P , Iannone Aline
Published: September 2018

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulatory technique that has shown encouraging results regarding performance improvement of normal subjects in tests of executive functions. Moreover, when applied repeatedly in daily sessions, tDCS has shown therapeutic potential in various neuropsychiatric disorders. However, there is a need for double-blind, placebo-controlled studies to determine the true therapeutic potential of this portable, low-cost and non-invasive treatment. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) of the amnestic subtype may evolve into Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) and pharmacological approaches have not been successful in ameliorating symptoms or halting progression to AD. Here we propose a protocol for studying a possible role for tDCS on improvement of MCI symptoms in older patients.

Methods/Design: This will be a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of anodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of patients with MCI. Patients aged 60-90 years will be randomly assigned to either real tDCS or sham stimulation. Twenty-minute real or sham tDCS sessions, 5 days a week, will be performed over the course of two weeks. The Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT), California Verbal Learning Test, Rey Verbal Auditory Learning Test (RVALT) and Digit Span (WAIS-IV) will be assessed at baseline, after the first and second weeks of treatment, as well as one and three months after the last tDCS session. The primary outcome will be change in test scores over time. Secondary outcomes will be self-reported memory improvement and possible side effects of tDCS.

Discussion: This study will evaluate possible therapeutic applications of tDCS for treatment of MCI. tDCS is a portable and low-cost neuromodulatory technique that has been found to increase performance of both normal subjects and patients in many cognitive tasks. It will also examine the tolerability, program adherence and possible side effects of this novel technique in this age group. The information obtained in this study should be useful in planning further studies in which tDCS could be combined with other treatment modalities, such as cognitive training.
Caenorhabditis elegans germline development requires brap-2
Authors: D'Amora Dayana R , Hu Queenie , Pizzardi Monica , Kubiseski Terrance
Published: September 2018

Background. Mutations in C. elegans can produce visible and quantifiable defects in morphology, lifespan, and development. BRAP2/IMP (BRCA1-associated binding protein 2) has been characterized as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, a general cytoplasmic retention factor, a potential scaffold protein, and is found to be widely expressed throughout various mammalian tissues, most highly in testes. However, its role in the development or health of these tissues has not been addressed.

Results. The focus of this study is to determine the role of BRAP-2 in C. elegans germline development. We determined that brap-2 mutants display defects in germline morphology and a reduction in brood size. We also found that chromosomal abnormalities and embryonic lethality are elevated in brap-2 mutants following DNA damage, suggesting a potential role for BRAP-2 in facilitating DNA repair.

Conclusions. Our findings indicate that BRAP-2 is required for C. elegans germline health and identifies a novel role for BRAP-2 in germline development.
Unconscious response inhibition differences between table tennis athletes and non-athletes
Authors: You Yihong , Ma Yiming , Ji Zhiguang , Meng Fanying , Li Anmin , Zhang Chunhua
Published: September 2018

Background

Response inhibition is associated with successful sporting performance. However, research on response inhibition in athletes from open-skill sports has mainly focused on a consciously triggered variety; little is known about open-skill athletes’ response inhibition elicited by unconscious stimuli.

Methods

Here, we explored unconscious response inhibition differences between table tennis athletes (n = 20) and non-athletes (n = 19) using the masked go/no-go task and event-related potentials technique (ERPs).

Results

At the behavioral level, table tennis athletes displayed shorter go-response times (RTs) than non-athletes in the conscious condition. Furthermore, table tennis athletes exhibited longer response time–slowing (RT-slowing) than non-athletes in the unconscious condition. At the neural level, table tennis athletes displayed shorter event-related potential N2 component latencies than non-athletes for all conditions. More importantly, athletes displayed larger no-go event-related potential P3 component amplitudes than non-athletes at both the conscious and unconscious levels.

Discussion

The present study results suggested that table tennis athletes have superior conscious and unconscious response inhibition compared to non-athletes.
ИНВЕСТИЦИОННО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ПРИВЛЕКАТЕЛЬНОСТЬ И ГЕОЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ПРОЕКТА “ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ ПОЯС ШЕЛКОВОГО ПУТИ”, "Общество и экономика"
Authors: Шералиев Ойбек
Published: September 2018

Рассмотрены различные аспекты инвестиционно-экономической привлекательности и геоэкономическое значение проекта “Экономический пояс Шелкового пути”. При этом основным вектором в статье выступают интересы Узбекистана в реализации проекта “Экономический пояс Шелкового пути”. Раскрыты инвестиционные, экономические и транспортно-логистические аспекты реализации проекта, его связь с существующими концепциями, институциями и проектами, реализуемыми в центральноазиатском регионе. Подчеркивается заинтересованность Узбекистана в реализации проекта.
Evidence for PTGER4,PSCA, and MBOAT7 as risk genes for gastric cancer on the genome and transcriptome level
Authors: Heinrichs Sophie K. M. , Hess Timo , Becker Jessica , Hamann Lutz , Vashist Yogesh K. , Butterbach Katja , Schmidt Thomas , Alakus Hakan , Krasniuk Iurii , Höblinger Aksana , Lingohr Philipp , Ludwig Monika , Hagel Alexander F. , Schildberg Claus W. , Veits Lothar , Gyvyte Ugne , Weise Katharina , Schüller Vitalia , Böhmer Anne C. , Schröder Julia , Gehlen Jan , Kreuser Nicole , Hofer Sebastian , Lang Hauke , Lordick Florian , Malfertheiner Peter , Moehler Markus , Pech Oliver , Vassos Nikolaos , Rodermann Ernst , Izbicki Jakob R. , Kruschewski Martin , Ott Katja , Schumann Ralf R. , Vieth Michael , Mangold Elisabeth , Gasenko Evita , Kupcinskas Limas , Brenner Hermann , Grimminger Peter , Bujanda Luis , Sopeña Federico , Espinel Jesús , Thomson Concha , Pérez‐Aísa Ángeles , Campo Rafael , Geijo Fernando , Collette Daniela , Bruns Christiane , Messerle Katharina , Gockel Ines , Nöthen Markus M. , Lippert Hans , Ridwelski Karsten , Lanas Angel , Keller Gisela , Knapp Michael , Leja Marcis , Kupcinskas Juozas , García‐González Maria A. , Venerito Marino , Schumacher Johannes
Published: September 2018

Genetic associations between variants on chromosome 5p13 and 8q24 and gastric cancer (GC) have been previously reported in the Asian population. We aimed to replicate these findings and to characterize the associations at the genome and transcriptome level. We performed a fine‐mapping association study in 1926 GC patients and 2012 controls of European descent using high dense SNP marker sets on both chromosomal regions. Next, we performed expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses using gastric transcriptome data from 143 individuals focusing on the GC associated variants. On chromosome 5p13 the strongest association was observed at rs6872282 (P = 2.53 × 10−04) and on chromosome 8q24 at rs2585176 (P = 1.09 × 10−09). On chromosome 5p13 we found cis‐eQTL effects with an upregulation of PTGER4 expression in GC risk allele carrier (P = 9.27 × 10−11). On chromosome 8q24 we observed cis‐eQTL effects with an upregulation of PSCA expression in GC risk allele carrier (P = 2.17 × 10−47). In addition, we found trans‐eQTL effects for the same variants on 8q24 with a downregulation of MBOAT7 expression in GC risk allele carrier (P = 3.11 × 10−09). In summary, we confirmed and refined the previously reported GC associations at both chromosomal regions. Our data point to shared etiological factors between Asians and Europeans. Furthermore, our data imply an upregulated expression of PTGER4 and PSCA as well as a downregulated expression of MBOAT7 in gastric tissue as risk‐conferring GC pathomechanisms.
A Novel Approach in Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics (PAOO): A Case Report
Authors: Soltani Leila , Loomer Peter M. , Chaar Edgard El
Published: September 2018

Introduction

The purpose of this case report was to evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes of periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) combined with soft tissue enhancement in a patient with thin biotype and lack of buccal plate.

Case Presentation

A 46‐year‐old female was referred for periodontal risk assessment prior to orthodontic treatment. Following a comprehensive examination, including taking a cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) the patient was identified as high risk for soft tissue recession because of prominent roots, lack of buccal plates, and thin soft tissue. The treatment was PAOO combined with soft tissue enhancement to improve hard and soft tissue support of anterior mandibular teeth.

Conclusions

Clinical and radiographic evaluation after one year revealed significant improvements in hard and soft tissue phenotype. In conclusion, combination of PAOO and soft tissue grafting could be a promising treatment to improve hard and soft tissue support for orthodontic patients.
Volatile Profiling, Insecticidal, Antibacterial and Antiproliferative Properties of the Essential Oils of Bursera glabrifolia Leaves
Authors: Villa‐Ruano Nemesio , Becerra‐Martínez Elvia , Cruz‐Durán Ramiro , Zarate‐Reyes José Alejo , Landeta‐Cortés Gerardo , Romero‐Arenas Omar
Published: September 2018

The present article describes the chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils of B. glabrifolia leaves obtained in four consecutive years (2015–2018). The essential oils contained α‐terpineol (17.9–29.7 %), α‐terpinene (12.6–17.4 %), limonene (14.9–26.8 %) and β‐pinene (2.1–16.7 %) as the most abundant volatiles. The essential oils and these volatiles showed a significant adulticide activity (p<0.01; LC50 <100 μg mL−1) on the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) with a 100 % mortality rate within a period of 5 h. Also, the essential oils showed a strong antibacterial activity on Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (MIC, 132.7–173.6 μg mL−1) and Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43504 (MIC, 74.8–199.2 μg mL−1). The assessment of the main volatiles revealed α‐terpineol as the principal antibacterial agent (MIC, 78.6–149.7 μg mL−1). Similarly, the essential oils exhibited a substantial in vitro antiproliferative activity on the human prostate cancer cell lines PC‐3 (LC50, 15.2–19.4 μg mL−1), the human ovarian carcinoma cell lines OVCAR‐3 (LC50, 27.3–53.7 μg mL−1) and the myelogenous leukemia cell lines K‐562 (LC50, 32.4–75.9 μg mL−1). α‐Terpineol (LC50, 32.4–75.9 μg mL−1) exhibited the strongest antiproliferative effect on these cancer cell lines (LC50, 22.4–48.1 μg mL−1).
Prenatal maternal smoking, maternal offending, and offspring behavioural and cognitive outcomes in early childhood
Authors: Tzoumakis Stacy , Carr Vaughan J. , Dean Kimberlie , Laurens Kristin R. , Kariuki Maina , Harris Felicity , Green Melissa J.
Published: September 2018

Background

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and parental offending are both linked to adverse offspring outcomes. Few studies have examined how these exposures together influence diverse offspring outcomes in early childhood.

Aims

To examine associations between quantity of prenatal maternal smoking and frequency of maternal offending and offspring behavioural and cognitive outcomes at age 5 years.

Methods

Over 66,000 Australian children (mean age 5.6 years) were drawn from an intergenerational data linkage study. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions were conducted for the two key exposures (maternal prenatal smoking and mother having at least two criminal convictions) and offspring behavioural and cognitive vulnerabilities. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were also estimated for each outcome for the two exposures.

Results

Prenatal smoking and maternal offending were, separately and together, associated with most of the developmental vulnerabilities examined, even after adjusting for other familial and prenatal risk factors. PAFs for prenatal smoking ranged from 5.3% to 15.8%, and PAFs for maternal offending ranged from 3.4% to 11.8% across the offspring outcomes.

Conclusions

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal offending were uniquely associated with a range of offspring vulnerabilities, but mothers who smoked during pregnancy tended to experience multiple problems that should also be considered as indicators of child vulnerabilities. While early behavioural difficulties were evident in these children, it was striking that they were also likely to have cognitive vulnerabilities. Early intervention to support cognitive development in these children may minimise their risk of academic underachievement, long‐term disadvantage, and even offending.