bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Nitrogen on the Capacitive Properties of N-Doped rGO/CuCr2O4 Composites as Materials for Supercapacitors
Authors: Susanti Diah , Pratama Adzon Nugraha Rizky , Nurdiansah Haniffudin
Published: January 2024

A hybrid supercapacitor is an energy storage device that combines the properties of EDLCs and pseudocapacitors. In this research, the goal was to analyze the effect of hydrothermal temperature on the structure, morphology, and capacitive properties of the N-Doped reduced graphene oxide/Copper Chromite (N-Doped rGO/CuCr2O4) composite, which was being investigated as a potential material for hybrid supercapacitor electrodes. The method used was hydrothermal, with temperature variations of 120°C, 140°C, and 160°C. The structure and morphology of the composites were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR). Meanwhile, the capacitance and conductivity values of N-doped rGO/CuCr2O4 were measured using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The results of the XRD tests showed that an increase in temperature led to a greater dspacing value, indicating the presence of more substituted nitrogen atoms. This was supported by the results from EDX, which showed that the sample with a hydrothermal temperature of 160°C had the largest percentage of nitrogen. Nitrogen is important in increasing the conductivity of the material. The FTIR results revealed a covalent bond between Carbon (C) and Nitrogen (N). Meanwhile, the results of the CV test, performed at a scan rate of 5 mV/s and a potential window of 0-0.8 V, showed that the specific capacitance values were 99.5, 196.16, and 221.59 Fg-1 for the samples with hydrothermal temperatures of 120°C, 140°C, and 160°C, respectively. The EIS test measured the conductivity values of the samples, which were 0.123, 0.518, and 0.549 S/m for the samples with hydrothermal temperatures of 120°C, 140°C, and 160°C, respectively. Thus, the specific capacitance values were influenced by the electrical conductivity of the materials and the nitrogen doping content in the electrode composite material.
Impact of Organisational Identification and Moral Identity Centrality on Organisational Engagement of Millennial MBA Students in Sri Lanka: A Social Identity Perspective
Authors: Udayangi K. A. D. I. , Perera G. A. T. R.
Published: January 2024

Organisational engagement has only recently gained traction in research literature despite engagement being considered as a multidimensional construct encompassing engagement with the work, job or the organisation. Drawing from social identity theory, this research studies the impact of organisational identification and moral identity centrality on organisational engagement of Millennials. The survey was conducted involving 285 Millennial Master of Business Administration (MBA) students in two of the leading universities in Sri Lanka using a structured questionnaire consisting of measures adopted from literature. The data was analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) technique. The results suggest that organisational identification as well as moral identity centrality have a positive impact on the organisational engagement of Millennials. The results provide valuable insights into the impact of organisational identification and moral identity centrality on organisational engagement and address some of the gaps in understanding social identity as the context of work behaviours.
Student-centered Learning Approaches in The State Universities of Sri Lanka: Exploring Socio-cultural Impacts through A Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Bishri Rizna
Published: January 2024

This article provides a comprehensive examination of student-centered learning (SCL) in Sri Lanka's state tertiary education sector, focusing on its socio-cultural influences. The study explores the intricate relationship between pedagogical methods and societal dynamics, highlighting how SCL enhances student engagement and independent thinking. Using a literature review of theoretical frameworks and empirical studies, this paper delves into the complex interplay between SCL and socio-cultural factors, including cultural values, social norms, and educational traditions unique to Sri Lanka. The research investigates the impact of SCL on key stakeholders and analyses various aspects of SCL, considering its principles, practices, and outcomes. It also addresses how these align with traditional Sri Lankan values, such as respect for authority, collectivism, and communal harmony, which have historically influenced education in the country. This paper emphasises the need for a pedagogical shift and concrete action plans. It advocates for faculty development programmes and institutional support to effectively implement SCL in Sri Lankan state universities. Additionally, the study anticipates and addresses potential challenges in adopting this modern learning approach in Sri Lanka.The findings have practical implications for policymakers, educational institutions, and educators. They highlight the importance of considering support mechanisms, curriculum design, teacher training, and cultural sensitivities to promote student engagement, empowerment, and holistic development in Sri Lanka's educational landscape.
Is it possible to safely increase the number of patients classified as non-urgent in triage? A prospective observational study
Authors: Zaboli Arian , Sibilio Serena , Mian Michael , Brigo Francesco , Turcato Gianni
Published: January 2024

Triage systems, calibrated to discriminate acute conditions, seem unable to deal with minor non-urgent conditions. The aim of the present study to verify whether some level 4 priority codes can be safely declassified to level 5 priority codes. A prospective observational study was performed between 1° October 2022 to 31° March 2023. All patients with a code 5 according to the Manchester Triage System (MTS) were compared with patients with a priority level 4 code but with a general indicator that was downgraded to a code 5 after the triage nurse's assessment. Of the 2032 patients enrolled, 58.6% were part of the 'blue from MTS' group while 41.4% were part of the 'blue after re-evaluation' group. There was no statistical difference in the rate of hospitalisation and discharge between the two groups (p=0.928). There was also no difference between the two groups in the comparisons of short- and medium-term death. This study highlights the need to rethink strategies to declassify patients through MTS, especially given the continuous increase of non-urgent patients presenting in the ED.
Validity of cold storage and heat treatment on the deactivation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from fish meat market
Authors: Al-Garadi Maged A. , Aziz Rasha N. , Almashhadany Dhary Alewy , Al Qabili Dheyazan M. Ali , Abdullah Aljoborey Abdulmunem Dherar
Published: January 2024

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans when handling or consuming improperly cooked fish meat. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermal treatment on V. parahaemolyticus isolates. Different heat treatment methods are used to determine the best methods for controlling V. parahaemolyticus, isolated from fish meat, which include microwave, low-temperature long time, and high-temperature short time methods. The V. parahaemolyticus isolates significantly declined in bacteria count when they were kept at 4°C, and 25°C for a long time, and the V. parahaemolyticus isolates significantly declined in bacteria count manner when they were kept at -20°C for a long time. The high temperature and long-time exposure at 75°C/25 minutes by moist heat, 87°C/5 minutes by dry heat, and 70°C/20 minutes by frying heat were enough to kill V. parahaemolyticus isolates. This work can be useful to decrease the hazards of infections related to V. parahaemolyticus and reduce the causes of fish-borne pathogens.
Indicators sand flies and environment associated to spatial landscaping change in Choco Biosphere Reserve UNESCO
Authors: Enríquez Sandra , Arrivillaga-Henríquez Jazzmín , Duque Paul , Herrera Vanessa , Vaca Franklin , Sánchez Marco , Roldán Mateo , Ron-Garrido Lenin , Molina C Alfonso
Published: January 2024

Background & objectives:

Sand flies are insects vector associated with terrestrial forest ecosystems; in the Ecuadorian Andes, they participate in the transmission of human cutaneous leishmaniasis. This geographical area is an opportunity to evaluate the role of sand flies as bioindicators od the degree of intervention of a tropical humid forest ecosystems (THF) associated with changes in the ecology of the local landscape.

Methods:

CDC-light traps were used for collecting adults’ sand flies in February 2020 in a humid tropical forest within Choco Biosphere Reserve. All species were identified using morphological keys. Analysis data about abundance, richness, species accumulation, diversity index, species composition communities, species sex proportion, spatial sand flies environmental, Renyi’s Diversity Profile were performed to compare six spatial habitats in Mashpi locality, Ecuador.

Results:

Sand flies were collected (n-1435); the main species are represented by Th. reburra Ny. trapidoi, Pa. aclydifera, Py. panamensis and Lu. hartmanni. Only Th. reburra is associated with not intervened forest, while the other 3 species are associated with intervened forest within Mashpi in the Choco Biosphere Reserve. The secondary forest has the major sandflies’ richness, while the primary forest exhibits the major abundance.

Interpretation & conclusion:

The results indicated that Th. reburra is a sandfly restricted to the Andean Forest and is a bioindicator of the high environmental health quality of the forest, while Ny. trapidoi and Pa. aclydifera are bioindicators of environmental disturbances in the forest. Additionally, Ps. panamensis, Lu. hartmanni and Ny. trapidoi are bioindicators of human impact and the risk of leishmaniasis.
Secondary infections in COVID-19: Antemortem and postmortem culture study
Authors: Kiro Vandana V. , Sharma Meenakshi , Srivastava Sharad , Lalwani Parin , Aggarwal Richa , Soni Kapil D. , Malhotra Rajesh , Lalwani Sanjeev , Mathur Purva , Trikha Anjan
Published: January 2024

Background:

Secondary bacterial infections during COVID-19 hospitalization have been reported in about 6–15% of patients.

Aims:

To study the secondary bacterial infections that affected the COVID-19 patients during their hospitalisation and to unearth the bacteriological profile of samples obtained after their demise.

Settings and Design:

This prospective study was carried out at a COVID-19 dedicated, apex tertiary care centre in North India from July 2020 to April 2021.

Methods and Material:

Samples of 268 patients were considered for the study. Nasopharyngeal swab specimen, blood, and tissue (lung) were collected from the deceased body as early as possible and processed.

Statistical Analysis:

Statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 11.1 (Stata Corp., College Station, TX, USA).

Results:

A total of 170 samples were received from patients before their death, which included blood, urine, respiratory samples, pus, and cerebrospinal fluid. Forty-four pathogens were isolated, which consisted of Acinetobacter baumannii (43.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (36.3%), Escherichia coli (11.3%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.5%), Enterococcus faecium (4.5%). Two hundred fifty-eight samples were collected from the deceased bodies wherein the nasopharyngeal sample was highest, followed by tissue and blood. A total of 43 pathogens were isolated among them which included A. baumannii (44.1%), followed by K. pneumoniae (25.5%), E. coli (20.9%), P. aeruginosa (6.97%) and Enterobacter cloacae (2.3%). All these isolates were highly resistant to antimicrobials.

Conclusions:

In our study, bacterial profiles in antemortem and postmortem samples were found to be similar, suggesting that resistant pathogens may be the cause of mortality in COVID-19 infected hospitalised patients.
Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma of the eyelid – A diagnostic challenge
Authors: Bhanvadia Viral M. , Kathiara Ravija , Shah Ami , Asari Wilhemina
Published: January 2024

Skin adnexal or sweat gland neoplasms are rare adnexal tumors that pose a diagnostic challenge for both ophthalmologists and pathologists. Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma (EMPSGC) is an uncommon low grade carcinoma of eccrine ducts with a predilection to occur in the periocular region in the elderly female. We present a rare case of 65-year-old healthy male who presented with a lobulated mass in the left eye lower lid, clinically suspected as sebaceous gland carcinoma, diagnosed as endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma histopathologically.
Upregulated LncRNA-LINC00659 expression by H. pylori infection promoted the progression of gastritis to cancer by regulating PTBP1 expression
Authors: Zhang Jiani , Zhang Zhengbo , Shen Danlei
Published: January 2024

Context:

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a spiral-shaped bacterium, is closely associated with chronic, progressive gastric mucosal damage, gastric atrophy, and even gastric cancer (GC). An increasing number of studies have addressed the correlation between long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and H. pylori pathogenicity in GC.

Objective:

In this study, we found that the expression level of LINC00659 gradually increased in the progression from atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia to GC in H. pylori-infected patients. Thus, we aimed to further explore the function of LINC00659 in the progression of gastritis to cancer under H. pylori infection.

Materials and Methods:

StarBase predictions, ribonucleic acid (RNA)-binding protein immunoprecipitation assays, and gene ontology functional annotation (GO)/Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed to identify the RNA-binding proteins of LINC00659; moreover, qRT‒PCR, western blotting, RNA interference, and immunofluorescence assays were used to investigate the function of LINC00659.

Results:

LINC00659 bound directly to the RNA-binding protein polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTBP1). Importantly, qRT‒PCR and western blot assays demonstrated that PTBP1 expression increased in the progression from inflammation to cancer in the stomach of H. pylori-infected patients and H. pylori-infected GES-1 cells. However, LINC00659 knockdown downregulated PTBP1 expression and inhibited PTBP1 binding under H. pylori infection. Finally, LINC00659 knockdown significantly reduced H. pylori-induced human gastric epithelial cell senescence and suppressed interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 secretion by reducing the phosphorylation level of NF-κB p65.

Conclusions:

This study indicated that LINC00659 may have the potential to be a novel promising prognostic and therapeutic marker for H. pylori-associated gastric diseases.
Rosai Dorfman Disease with malignant transformation to Histiocytic Sarcoma: A diagnostic conundrum
Authors: Thakur Shilpi , Abraham Reema M. , Pushpam Deepam , Ahmed Shamim , Mallick Saumyaranjan
Published: January 2024

Histiocytic disorders mostly occur as de-novo nodal or extranodal benign masses with rare secondary malignant transformation. A 10-year-old female presented with 10-cm cervical swelling since 9 months associated with fever. Computed tomography revealed left cervical lymphadenopathy and bilateral lung nodules. Lymph node excision biopsy showed effacement of architecture by atypical histiocytes with marked nuclear pleomorphism and frequent mitosis. Focal areas showed mature histiocytes with emperipolesis. The cells were immunopositive for CD68, CD163, and S100 (focal), whereas they were negative for Langerin and CD1a. The Ki67 proliferative index was 30%. A diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma in a background of Rosai-Dorfman disease was made.
Incidence of Coronavirus-2 in cerebrospinal fluid in pregnant Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with neurological symptoms
Authors: Akdeniz Sevda , Taskin Mehmet Hakan , Oruc Muhammet Ali , Caliskan Canan Soyer , Celik Samettin
Published: January 2024

Background:

The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of pregnant women with neurological symptoms due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Materials and Methods:

This research was carried out in the Samsun University. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation from December 2021 to May 2022. Pregnant women exhibiting neurological symptoms linked to COVID-19 were assigned to one of the two groups, depending on the severity of the disease–mild (Group 1) and severe (Group 2). Specimens were collected from patients’ CSF, and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 was investigated using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. SARS-CoV-2 was also investigated using RT-PCR by collecting oropharyngeal swab specimens from infants in the first 6 h after birth.

Results:

One hundred fifty patients were enrolled, 75 in both groups. The most frequent neurological symptoms were dizziness in Group 1 (52%) and headache in Group 2 (32%). No significant differences were determined in neutrophils, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, platelets, ferritin, D-dimer, C-reactive protein, prothrombin time, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, sedimentation, or fibrinogen values. SARS-CoV-2 was identified in the CSF of only one patient, from Group 2. Infant oropharyngeal swab specimens tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR.

Conclusion:

This study indicates that the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in CSF via RT-PCR is rare. We suggest that neurological symptoms linked to SARS-CoV-2 are not caused by direct invasion and that other etiologies represent more likely mechanisms.
Clinicopathological features of two ultra-rare cases of malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) involving the uterus with recent updates
Authors: Rekhi Bharat , Menon Santosh
Published: January 2024

Malignant perivascular epithelioid tumors (PEComas) involving the uterus are uncommon. Herein, we present the clinicopathological features of two such cases, including their diagnostic implications with recent updates. A 62-year-old lady presented with vaginal bleeding. Ultrasonogram revealed a heterogeneous uterine mass. She underwent an endometrial biopsy and total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH-BSO), which revealed a 3.2 cm-sized proliferative tumor in the fundus. A 45-year-old lady presented with recurrent abdominal pain. She underwent cytoreductive surgery twice with adjuvant chemotherapy for multiple tumors and TAH-BSO for a uterine tumor, 2 years before. Microscopic examination of both tumors revealed markedly atypical, polygonal-shaped/epithelioid tumor cells containing eosinophilic cytoplasm and arranged in a nesting pattern with intervening thin-walled blood vessels, mitotic figures (≥ 6/10 high power fields (hpfs)), and tumor necrosis. Tumor infiltration was more than half the myometrial thickness in the first tumor and pelvic nodal metastasis. The second tumor revealed rhabdoid-like and vacuolated cells along with “spider-like” giant cells. Immunohistochemically, both the tumors were positive for HMB45 and desmin, while negative for epithelial markers. Additionally, the second tumor was positive for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and TFE3. Both patients developed tumor recurrences. In view of multiple tumor deposits, the second patient was induced with a mammalian target of rapamycin (m-TOR) inhibitor (everolimus) but unfortunately died of the disease. Malignant PEComas involving the uterus are ultra-rare, aggressive tumors. An index of suspicion, based on certain histomorphological features, supported by immunohistochemical expression of myomelanocytic markers is necessary for a correct diagnosis. Certain PEComas display TFE3 positivity. A correct diagnosis has significant implications, including an aggressive clinical course and the possibility of targeted therapy, especially in recurrences or metastasis.
A Cross-Sectional Survey to Assess Awareness and Perception to Clinical Research: Unbox Research
Authors: Sharma Pooja , Aggarwal Rhea , Mittal Niti , Chougule Durga , Bhalla Ritu , Kapoor Deeksha , Chauhan Kuldeep Kumar , Singh Padam , Singh Manish Kumar
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The boom in clinical research/clinical trials (CR/CT) has generated valuable knowledge in the field of medical science. India has been a promising CT sector, but witnesses’ only modest involvement from participants. The lack of awareness is possibly one of the factors that has led to stagnated growth of this sector.

Objective:

To assess the awareness and perception of participants to CR/CT and their willingness to participate.

Methods:

A cross-sectional online survey with a questionnaire comprising 25 questions. The survey was implemented at secondary and higher secondary schools, colleges/institutes as well as patient advocacy group.

Results:

A total of 852 participants participated in the online survey having median age 21 (Interquartile range: 20–28) years. More than 85% of participants were aware of CR/CT. The source of information was majorly contributed by hospitals (44.2%), social media (40.2%), and print media (40.2%). The perception about CT was reported as possibility of new treatment (63.4%) and more useful than traditional treatment (52.5%). More than half of the participants were willing to participate in CR involving questionnaire surveys (39.2%), research done together with administration of standard medical care (3.7%), and single blood draw/visit (34.7%). The survey reflected an unwillingness to participate in CR/CT due to concerns about safety (59.7%) and fear (50.8%).

Conclusion:

This survey showed that there has been increasing awareness and willingness to participate in CR/CT. However, to increase the participation, there is a need to address the concerns of safety and fear.
Evaluating the evidence for a liver shrinkage diet for obese patients prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hughes Daniel Llwyd , Elmasry Mohamed , Wilson Iain , El Kafsi Jihène
Published: January 2024

Background:

The role of a very low-calorie diet (VLCD) before cholecystectomy in obese patients is unclear. This study evaluated whether VLCD could be used as a risk mitigation strategy for this high-risk patient cohort.

Patients and Methods:

A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed (PROSPERO ID CRD42022374610). The primary outcome was to determine the impact of pre-operative VLCD on the operative findings and ease of dissection during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).

Results:

Two studies were included with a total of 84 patients. VLCD was associated with a significantly easier Calot’s dissection (MD: −0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] [ −1.03, -0.13], P = 0.01) and was associated with a significantly higher rate of pre-operative weight loss (MD; 2.92 (95% CI [2.23, 3.62], P = 0.00001).

Conclusions:

The published evidence regarding VLCD before cholecystectomy in obese patients is limited. After acknowledging the limitations of the data, VLCD is associated with a significantly higher rate of weight loss preoperatively and directly impacts the ease of intraoperative dissection of Calot’s triangle. Routine use of VLCD should be considered for all obese patients undergoing elective LC.
Totally laparoscopic partial splenectomy and gastropexy for a splenic cyst in a wandering spleen
Authors: Merchant Taher Saifuddin , Kotawala Hussain
Published: January 2024

With only seven reported cases until 2019 as noted by Lim et al., cases of a wandering spleen (WS) accompanied by splenic cyst (SC) are exceptionally rare. Furthermore, both entities are notoriously ‘silent’ until they present as an emergency with complications, often warranting total splenectomy. Management of SC in a WS eventually depends on its clinical presentation, disease type and functional reservoir of the spleen. However, it is desirable to operate electively and perform a spleen salvage with splenic reposition surgery. Our case describes the first totally laparoscopic partial splenectomy and intraperitoneal fixation of the spleen by means of gastropexy for a large non-parasitic SC in a WS. Partial splenectomy instead of just a cystectomy tackles the risk of cyst recurrence, and a gastropexy over other splenic repositioning techniques would allow the spleen to remain as an intraperitoneal organ.
Is the double-ligation method safe and effective in laparoscopic paediatric inguinal hernia repair? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yun Jong Hyuk , Son Myoung Won , Song Geum Jong , Lee Moon-Soo
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Laparoscopic paediatric hernia repair has since been performed more frequently. Recently, a double-ligation method was introduced to prevent recurrence in laparoscopic surgery. The objective of our study was to compare the postoperative outcomes of patients who underwent double and single ligations.

Patients and Methods:

We performed a retrospective review of patients with inguinal hernia who underwent laparoscopic paediatric inguinal hernia repair from 2014 to 2018 at our institution. Patients were divided into two groups and underwent single ligation and double ligation.

Results:

Three hundred and six patients (single-ligation group: 142 and double-ligation group: 164) were included. Four patients experienced recurrence, and the recurrence rate was 1.29%. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in the single-ligation group. There were no statistically significant differences in the postoperative complications between the two groups.

Conclusion:

Double-ligation method in laparoscopic paediatric hernia repair was relatively safe and helpful.
First ever reported case of right-sided rupture of eventration of the diaphragm: Thoraco-laparoscopic approach
Authors: Gupta Priya , Wani Sachin , Kalikar Vishakha , Patankar Roy
Published: January 2024

Diaphragmatic eventration (DE) is an abnormal condition where a portion or the entire hemidiaphragm elevates due to insufficient muscle or nerve function while maintaining its anatomical attachments. On the other hand, congenital diaphragmatic hernias occur due to the abnormal development of muscular entities of the diaphragm, resulting in the displacement of abdominal contents into the thorax. The difference between diaphragmatic hernia and eventration is important as there is no true defect in DE. Ruptured eventration of the diaphragm is a rare entity, with only three cases reported in adults in literature till date, all on the left side. We report the first case of ruptured eventration of the diaphragm on the right side, which was repaired by a combination of laparoscopy and thoracoscopy and with double-mesh placement.
The Ophthalmology Workload during the Lebanese Crisis and Pandemic
Authors: Wehbi Zahi , Halawy Malak , Noureddin Bahaa , Al-Haddad Christiane
Published: January 2024

PURPOSE:

The purpose is to to explore the effects of the Lebanese economic crisis on the ophthalmology workload in Lebanon, and the concomitant influence of the COVID-19-related lockdown and Beirut port explosion.

METHODS:

Data pertaining to all the clinic visits to the Ophthalmology Department at the American University of Beirut Medical Center between January 01, 2019, and December 31, 2021, were extracted. Completed visits to different subspecialties were used to analyze the different parameters. All parameters were compared across the 3 years.

RESULTS:

We included 102,810 completed visits in this study. A total decrease of 15.3% occurred in visits between 2019 and 2020. The mean number of patients per month decreased significantly between 2019 and 2020 in retina/uveitis and glaucoma/anterior segment clinics. The same trend was observed in pediatric/neuro-ophthalmology and cornea/refractive surgery, although it did not reach statistical significance. For oculoplastics, the workload actually tended to increase from 2019 to 2021. During the pandemic-related lockdown (March, April, and May 2020), the workload decreased by 37.8% in oculoplastics, 63.4% in pediatric/neuro-ophthalmology, 52.8% in retina/uveitis, 60.2% in cornea/refractive surgery, and 50.7% in glaucoma/anterior segment. After the Beirut port explosion in August 2020, an overall decrease of 30.2% was found in the number of patient visits in all sub-specialties, while the number of patients in oculoplastics remained nearly unchanged.

CONCLUSION:

The ophthalmology workload was strongly affected by the economic crisis in all subspecialties especially with the pandemic in 2020, except for oculoplastics. During the pandemic, the most affected subspecialty was the pediatric/neuroophthalmology, while oculoplastics was the least affected.
Bibliometric Analysis of Ophthalmology Publications from Arab Countries between 2012 and 2022
Authors: Yu Angeli C. , Zauli Enrico , Missiroli Loretta , Busin Massimo
Published: January 2024

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of articles published in Ophthalmology Journals from Arab countries from 2012 to 2022.

METHODS:

This cross-sectional analysis of all original ophthalmology research and review articles published by authors with an affiliation with an institution from Arab countries and indexed in the ISI Web of Science between January 2012 and December 2022.

RESULTS:

For the years 2012–2022, 4292 articles published in Ophthalmology Journals by authors from Arab-based institutions were identified. A 2.11-fold progressive increase in the number of publications was observed over the last decade with a substantial increase in publication volume during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. The countries with the highest number of publications were Egypt (38.51%), Saudi Arabia (35.56%), and the United Arab Emirates (7.88%). According to affiliation, authors from King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH) (n = 644) published the highest number of ophthalmology articles, followed by King Saud University (n = 585) and Cairo University (n = 393).

CONCLUSION:

Over the last decade, the overall productivity of research in the field of ophthalmology has significantly increased. Majority of the articles in ophthalmology were published by authors from Egypt and Saudi Arabia with KKESH as the most productive institution among Arab nations.
Undergraduate Students’ Experience of Dental Education Programs across Saudi Arabia: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Kuwaiti Ahmed Al
Published: January 2024

Background:

Students’ satisfaction surveys are valuable tools for assessing and improving the quality of education being imparted. Limited data are available from Saudi Arabia regarding students experience at halfway through an undergraduate dental program.

Objective:

To determine students’ perception of their halfway experience on various attributes of the quality of dental education programs in public dental schools across Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

This exploratory study included all students from four major public universities who had completed their third year of undergraduate dental education during the academic year 2022–23. A previously validated, self-administered, 23-item Students Experience Survey was modified and used to collect data regarding the following five factors: course characteristics, infrastructure and facilities, learning resources, instructor characteristics, and program efficacy.

Results:

The questionnaire was administered to 296 students, of which 252 (85.1%) responded. Overall, 84% of the students had a positive experience regarding the quality of the dental education programs. Females reported significantly higher positive experiences than males (mean score: 4.36 vs. 4.21, respectively; P = 0.042). Course characteristics (P = 0.041), instructors’ characteristics (P = 0.002), and program efficacy (P = 0.009) were significant predictors of students’ overall experience.

Conclusion:

This study found that the majority of students had a positive halfway experience with the quality of dental education programs offered in Saudi Arabia. The significant predictors of satisfaction identified in this study can be useful for policymakers to further improve satisfaction levels.
Prevalence of Preexisting Cardiovascular Diseases in Prostate Cancer Patients and Cardiac Risks of Hormonal Therapy
Authors: Alzahrani Abdullah Mousa , Shamsi Hend Al , Momen Mohammed Al , Fluij Abdullah Al , Matar Ashraf Al
Published: January 2024

Background:

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a prominent cause of mortality in prostate cancer patients. However, it has been reported that patients with preexisting CVDs are at greater risk. Literature on the magnitude of this problem in Saudi Arabia is lacking.

Objectives:

To measure the prevalence of prostate cancer patients with preexisting CVDs in our population and to elucidate the possible risk factors of new cardiovascular events (CVEs) in patients who received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study included all patients newly diagnosed with prostate cancer at a tertiary hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia from October 2008 to January 2019. The prevalence of preexisting cardiovascular diseases in these patients were determined. In addition, the incidence of new CVEs after initiating ADT was determined along with the risk factors for the same.

Results:

The prevalence of preexisting CVD in our cohort was 16%. About 6% of the patients who received ADT had CVEs after a median follow-up of 39 months (IQR: 11-49 months). In the univariate analysis, hyperlipidemia (P = 0.002), stroke (P = 0.001), peripheral vascular disease (P = <0.001), cardiac patients with stents (P = <0.001), and cardiac patients without stent (P = <0.001) were significant risk factors of new CVEs after initiating ADT. However, in the multivariate regression analysis, only history of stroke and CVD (with or without stent) were found to be significant risk factors of new CVEs after initiating ADT (P = 0.01).

Conclusion:

About one-fifth of the prostate cancer patients had preexisting CVDs. This study also found that luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist could be a risk factor for new CVEs.
The Inhibitory Effect of Geraniol on CCL4-induced Hepatorenal Toxicity in Pregnant Mice through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Alzahrani Sabah Ali , Bekhet Gamal M. , Ammar Rebai Ben , Abdallah Basem M. , Ali Enas Mohamed , Al-Ramadan Saeed Y. , Althumairy Duaa , Rajendran Peramaiyan
Published: January 2024

Background:

Hepatotoxicity caused by CCL4is well known. Geraniol (GNL) has high antioxidant effect that can induces liver regeneration. However, the protective effect of GNL effect on CCL4-induced hepatorenal toxicity in pregnant mice has not yet been studied.

Objective:

To investigate whether GNL could protect against oxidative stress induced by CCL4via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, which is regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), and has been found to have protective effects on renal and hepatic tissues.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-eight female albino mice weighing 25–30 g were randomly allocated to 4 groups: Group I served as a control; Group II received a toxicity-inducing single dose of 15 μL of CCL4on the 4thday after mating; Group III received 40 mg/kg GNL + CCL4(with GNL from the 1stday of assimilation to delivery); and Group IV received GNL alone from the 1stday of assimilation to the end of the delivery period. GNL was evaluated for its protective effects on hepatotoxicity in CCL4-treated pregnant mice. Litter size, weight, survival rate, and resorption were recorded. In addition, H & E staining was done for liver and kidney pathology as well as biochemical markers and oxidative markers malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were analyzed.

Results:

CCL4significantly reduced survival rate and increased resorption after exposure. Alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations in the serum, tissue MDA, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were increased after CCL4exposure. GNL improved enzyme and antioxidant levels and prevented CCL4-induced hepatic injury in mice. Caspase-3 cleavage was decreased by GNL, which increased PI3K, phosphorylated AKT, Nrf2, and B-cell lymphoma 2.

Conclusion:

GNL demonstrates a protective effect against CCl4-induced hepatorenal toxicity, mediated through the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and the upregulation of Nrf2. These findings highlight the potential therapeutic implications of GNL in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation in liver and kidney tissues.
Workplace Violence among Nurses at a Tertiary Hospital in Myanmar: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Yadanar  , Thein Kyaw Maung Maung , Thandar Mya , Win Hla Hla
Published: January 2024

Among all types of health-care workers, nursing professionals are at the highest risk of violence since they have to deal with patients and their families directly and frequently. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of both physical and psychological workplace violence (WPV) among nurses at a public hospital in Myanmar and identify related factors. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 192 nurses with a minimum 1-year of working service at a large tertiary hospital using a standard self-administered questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization/International Labour Organization in 2003. The prevalence of overall WPV in the past 12 months was 29.2%. In particular, verbal abuse was the most frequent type (27.1%), followed by bullying/mobbing (7.8%) and physical violence (1.6%). Majority of perpetrators were patient’s relatives (62.7%) for verbal abuse and staff members (64.3%) for bullying/mobbing. The reporting rate was very low for verbal abuse (13.5%) and bullying/mobbing were not reported. Logistic regression analysis showed that respondents who were older than 45 years’ group (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 19.32; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.99–186.95, P = 0.011), those who were staff nurses (AOR: 17.87; 95% CI: 1.05–33.20, P = 0.046), and those who 1–5 years and 5.1–10 years of working experiences (AOR: 18.68; 95% CI: 3.43–101.65, P = 0.001) (AOR: 15.74; 95% CI: 2.80–88.42, P = 0.002) were more likely to be exposed to WPV than their respective counterparts. Awareness generation about the importance of WPV, enforcing available legal instruments, and establishing management strategies for safe working environments should be emphasized.
Association of plain water intake with self-reported depression and suicidality among Korean adolescents
Authors: Lee Jung Woo , Kim Yookyung
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVES: Adolescent depression and suicidality are serious health problems worldwide. Lower plain water intake has been proposed as a risk factor for depression in adults. This study investigated the association of daily plain water intake with self-reported depression and suicidality among Korean adolescents.METHODS: We used nationwide data from 112,250 students aged 12-18 years who participated in the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Surveys in 2019 and 2020. Daily plain water intake was categorized as <1 glass, 1-2 glasses, and ≥3 glasses. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for self-reported depression and suicidality were calculated using multiple regression analyses.RESULTS: The weighted prevalence rates of self-reported depression, suicidal ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempts were 26.7%, 12.0%, 3.8%, and 2.5%, respectively. Of the participants, 3.9%, 18.5%, and 77.7% were categorized into the <1 glass/day, 1-2 glass/day, and ≥3 glass/day groups, respectively. Compared to the reference group (≥3 glass/day), the lowest level of water intake (<1 glass/day) was associated with higher odds of self-reported depression (aOR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.39), suicidal ideation (aOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.55), suicide planning (aOR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.69), and suicide attempts (aOR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.67). Moderately lower water intake (1-2 glass/day) showed slightly increased odds of self-reported depression (aOR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.10) and suicidal ideation (aOR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.14).CONCLUSIONS: Lower plain water intake was significantly associated with a higher risk of self-reported depression and suicidality among Korean adolescents. Since this cross-sectional study is unable to establish a causal relationship, it underscores the need for additional longitudinal research.
Magnetic Particles, Fluorescent Wet Method, Oil Vehicle, Ready-to-Use
Authors:   AMS K Non Destructive Methods and Processes Committee
Published: January 2024

This specification covers fluorescent magnetic particles in the form of a mixed, ready-to-use suspension in an odorless inspection oil vehicle.
Athari za Unyambulishaji katika Uelekezi wa Vitenzi vya Lugha ya Kimasai
Authors: Lomayani Anna , Mgecha Perida
Published: January 2024

Makala hii inachunguza namna unyambulishaji unavyoathiri uelekezi wa vitenzi katika lugha ya Kimasai. Malengo mahususi ya makala hii ni kubainisha aina za uelekezi, kueleza uelekezi unavyojitokeza na kuchambua namna unyambulishaji unavyoathiri uelekezi wa vitenzi katika lugha ya Kimasai. Makala hii imeongozwa na Nadharia ya Uhusika iliyoasisiwa na Noam Chomsky (1981). Watoataarifa wamepatikana kwa mbinu za usampulishaji tajiriba na tajwa. Data za makala hii zimekusanywa kwa mbinu za tafsiri na ukalimani na uchambuzi wa data umefanyika kwa kutumia mbinu ya kusimba maudhui. Matokeo ya makala hii yanaonesha kuwa lugha ya Kimasai ina aina tatu za uelekezi ambazo ni uelekezi wa yambwa moja, wa yambwa mbili na wa yambwa kapa. Aidha, utafiti umebaini kuwa katika lugha ya Kimasai, yambwa hujitokeza baada ya mtenda ambayo ni tofauti na lugha nyingine, kama vile Kiswahili ambapo yambwa hutokea baada ya kitenzi. Kwa upande wa athari za unyambulishaji katika uelekezi wa vitenzi vya lugha ya Kimasai, husababisha kuongezeka, kuhamishwa au kudondoshwa kwa yambwa. Hata hivyo, tafiti zaidi zinazochunguza vipengele vingine vya kiisimu katika lugha ya Kimasai zinahitajika.
Mtindo wa Uhalisiajabu katika Riwaya ya Kiswahili
Authors: Faustine Stella
Published: January 2024

Mijadala mbalimbali imefanywa na wataalamu na wahakiki wa kazi za fasihi kuhusu mtindo wa uhalisiajabu. Miongoni mwake ni ile inayobainisha chanzo chake katika fasihi ya Kiswahili, athari za matumizi yake, na namna inavyoweza kuakisi hali halisi ya maisha katika jamii husika. Pamoja na mijadala hiyo kuweka misingi katika uelewekaji wa kazi za fasihi zinazotumia mtindo wa uhalisiajabu, suala la aina za mtindo wa uhalisiajabu halijajadiliwa kwa kuzingatia upekee na umuhimu wake. Makala hii imebainisha aina hizo kama zinavyojitokeza katika riwaya za Kiswahili za kihalisiajabu kwa kurejelea mifano kutoka riwaya za Nagona (Kezilahabi, 1990), Bina – Adamu! (Wamitila, 2002) na Babu Alipofufuka (Mohammed, 2001). Data ilikusanywa maktabani katika vitabu teule kwa kutumia mbinu ya usomaji wa matini. Uchambuzi, uhakiki na uwasilishaji wa data uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Uhalisia kwa kutumia mkabala wa kitaamuli. Kwa kuzingatia kigezo cha kimaana, makala imebainisha aina sita za uhalisiajabu ambazo ni uhalisiajabu fantasia, tarazi, fifi, wa kimajazi, tashihisi na uhalisiajabu nasibishi.
Privacy in Jewish Sources
Authors: Diemling Maria , Green Michaël
Published: January 2024

The article introduces key concepts related to research into the historical notions of privacy, provides a brief historiographical overview, and discusses methodological tools that allow the researcher to examine privacy in primary sources. The second part discusses examples of the Jewish lived experience in the early modern period that were not only shaped by Jewish legal discourses but by the specific living conditions of an ethno-religious minority. The article offers some suggestions as to how privacy could have been understood in early modern Jewish communities and how individuals may have negotiated it in regards to the concepts of home, intimacy, gender, and notions of secrecy.
Desarrollo de aplicaciones web con tecnologías modernas
Authors: Márquez Coca Wilson Alexis , Valenzuela Chicaiza Carmen Verónica , Acosta Jaramillo Carlos Andrés , Gaón Rojas Nancy Maricela , Chimarro Amaguaña Juan David
Published: January 2024

El libro abarca una serie de contenidos cruciales para el entendimiento y dominio de la programación web. Se exploran los fundamentos del desarrollo web, desde los conceptos generales hasta la publicación de sitios. Los estudiantes se adentran en la dinámica de los gestores de contenidos, comprenden los lenguajes de marcado y presentación (HTML, CSS), y se sumergen en la programación tanto del lado del cliente como del servidor, utilizando JavaScript y PHP. La interacción con bases de datos se aborda a través de SQL, mientras que los frameworks de desarrollo web se exploran en términos de ventajas y aplicaciones. La seguridad web se aborda desde las generalidades hasta herramientas de identificación de vulnerabilidades. Los estudiantes aprenden los pasos esenciales para la publicación de sitios web, abarcando elección de hosting, configuración de servidores y dominios. Cada contenido se complementa con actividades prácticas, que van desde la creación de sitios web simples hasta la simulación de pruebas de seguridad, preparando a los estudiantes para enfrentar los desafíos reales del desarrollo y despliegue web con solidez y confianza.
Fundamentos de Programación con Java
Authors: Aguirre Inga Ramiro Gustavo , Chimarro Amaguaña Juan David , Vilatuña Catagña Delia Jazmín , Flores Ruiz Alba Elizabeth , Lucero Lucero Edison Santiago
Published: January 2024

Este libro es una guía para estudiantes que desean iniciarse en la programación de software utilizando Java. Los cuatro capítulos abarcan desde los conceptos básicos de programación y tipos de datos hasta las estructuras de control y datos más complejas, proporcionando una base sólida para la resolución de problemas. Los capítulos profundizan en las estructuras de control selectivas y repetitivas, el entorno integrado de desarrollo y el lenguaje de programación, y la implementación de sentencias de control 'case' y bucles 'for' y 'while'. El libro concluye destacando la importancia de las estructuras de datos en la creación de programas sólidos y escalables.
Micro y macroeconomía
Authors: Morán Cabezas Augusto Leonidas , Rea Vozmediano Rebeca Edith , Flores Flores Beatriz Juliana , Pilatuña Lizbeth Carolina
Published: January 2024

Este texto presenta conceptos de microeconomía, que estudia el comportamiento individual de empresas y familias, y cómo toman decisiones basadas en la maximización de su bienestar o beneficio. La oferta es la cantidad de bienes que los productores colocan en el mercado, y se ve afectada por factores como el precio, las materias primas, la disponibilidad del capital, la tecnología y los impuestos. La ley de la oferta establece que la cantidad ofertada de un bien varía directamente con su precio. La demanda, por otro lado, se refiere a la cantidad de un bien que los compradores desean y pueden comprar, y la cantidad demandada disminuye cuando sube el precio y aumenta cuando baja. La ley de la demanda establece que, manteniendo todos los demás factores constantes, cuando sube el precio de un bien, la cantidad demandada disminuye.