bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency analysis of the hybrid δ Sct-γ Dor star CoRoT-102314644
Authors: Sánchez Arias J. P. , Creevey O. L. , Chapellier E. , Pichon B.
Published: June 2023

Context. Observations from space missions allowed significant progress due to the absence of atmospheric noise contributions and having uninterrupted data sets. This has been extremely beneficial in asteroseismology because many oscillation frequencies, not observable from the ground, can be detected. One example of this success is the large number of hybrid δ Sct-γ Dor stars discovered. These stars have radial and non-radial p and g modes simultaneously excited, allowing us to probe both the external and near-to-core layers.

Aims. We aim to analyse the light curve of the hybrid δ Sct-γ Dor star CoRoT ID 102314644 and characterise its frequency spectrum. Using the detected frequencies, we intend to perform an initial interpretation developing stellar models.

Methods. The frequency analysis was obtained with a classical Fourier analysis. A detailed analysis of the individual frequencies is performed using phase diagrams and other light curve characteristics. Initial stellar modelling was performed using the Cesam2k and the GYRE code.

Results. We detected 29 γ Dor type frequencies in the [0.32 − 3.66] c/d range and a series of six equidistant periods with a mean period spacing of ΔΠ = 1612 s. In the δ Sct domain, we found 38 frequencies in the [8.63 − 24.73] c/d range and a quintuplet centred on the frequency p1 = 11.39 c/d, which suggests a rotational period of 3.06 d. The frequency analysis suggests the presence of spots. Nevertheless, we could not dismiss the possibility of a binary system. The initial modelling of the frequency data allowed us to refine its astrophysical parameters.

Conclusions. The observed period spacing, a p-mode quintuplet, the possible rotation period, and the analysis of the individual frequencies impose significant constraints on our understanding of differential rotation and magnetic fields operating in A–F-type stars. Nevertheless, it is fundamental to accompany photometric data with spectroscopic measurements to distinguish variations between surface activity from a companion.
Asteroseismic modelling strategies in the PLATO era
Authors: Bétrisey J. , Buldgen G. , Reese D. R. , Farnir M. , Dupret M.-A. , Khan S. , Goupil M.-J. , Eggenberger P. , Meynet G.
Published: June 2023

Context. Asteroseismology experienced a breakthrough in the last two decades thanks to the so-called photometry revolution with space-based missions such as CoRoT, Kepler, and TESS. Because asteroseismic modelling will be part of the pipeline of the future PLATO mission, it is relevant to compare some of the current modelling strategies and discuss the limitations and remaining challenges for PLATO. In this first paper, we focused on modelling techniques treating directly the seismic information.

Aims. We compared two modelling strategies by directly fitting the individual frequencies or by coupling a mean density inversion with a fit of the frequency separation ratios.

Methods. We applied these two modelling approaches to six synthetic targets with a patched atmosphere, for which the observed frequencies were obtained with a non-adiabatic oscillation code. We then studied ten actual targets from the Kepler LEGACY sample.

Results. As is well known, the fit of the individual frequencies is very sensitive to the surface effects and to the choice of the underlying prescription for semi-empirical surface effects. This significantly limits the accuracy and precision that can be achieved for the stellar parameters. The mass and radius tend to be overestimated, and the age therefore tends to be underestimated. In contrast, the second strategy, which is based on mean density inversions and on the ratios, efficiently damps the surface effects and allows us to obtain precise and accurate stellar parameters. The average statistical precision of our selection of targets from the LEGACY sample with this second strategy is 1.9% for the mass, 0.7% for the radius, and 4.1% for the age. This is well within the PLATO mission requirements. The addition of the inverted mean density to the constraints significantly improves the precision of the stellar parameters by 20%, 33%, and 16% on average for the stellar mass, radius, and age, respectively.

Conclusions. The modelling strategy based on mean density inversions and frequencies separation ratios showed promising results for PLATO because it achieved a precision and accuracy on the stellar parameters that meet the PLATO mission requirements with ten Kepler LEGACY targets. The strategy also left some margin for other unaccounted systematics, such as the choice of the physical ingredients of the stellar models or the stellar activity.
Die berufliche Situation von Physiotherapeut*innen im Schweizer Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Reicherzer Leah , Wirz Markus , Nast Irina
Published: June 2023

Hintergrund In der Schweizer Physiotherapie ist wie in anderen Gesundheitsberufen ein akuter Mangel an Fachkräften absehbar. Die vorliegende Studie zeigt eine aktuelle Übersicht zur Berufsgruppe und gibt eine Einschätzung zur Situation der Fachkräfte in der Schweizer Physiotherapie.

Ziel Analyse der Merkmale der Berufsgruppe (Demografie, Beschäftigungsgrade, Arbeitsplätze) sowie Berufsaustritte und Knappheitsindikatoren zur Einschätzung des Fachkräftemangels.

Methode Analysiert wurden die kumulierten Daten der Strukturerhebung des Bundesamtes für Statistik aus den Jahren 2016–2018. Um aus der Stichprobe auf die Gesamtpopulation der Physiotherapeut*innen zu schließen, wurden gerundete Gewichte zugrunde gelegt. Geschätzt wurden Kennzahlen zur Berufsgruppe, der Berufstätigkeit und Berufsaustritte sowie Indikatoren zum Fachkräftemangel.

Ergebnisse Zwischen 2016–2018 arbeiteten in der Schweiz schätzungsweise 15 199 Physiotherapeut*innen (75,8 % weiblich, Durchschnittsalter 42,1 ± 12,1 Jahre), davon 12 842 (84,5 %) im Gesundheitssektor. Die Mehrheit (72,2 %) der Beschäftigten im Gesundheitswesen arbeitete im ambulanten Bereich. Im Durchschnitt arbeiteten Physiotherapeut*innen 32,7 (95 % KI 32,5–32,8) Stunden pro Woche. Schätzungsweise 28,2 % der ausgebildeten Physiotherapeut*innen verließen den Gesundheitssektor, um eine Laufbahn in einem anderen Beruf einzuschlagen (10,8 %), um ihre Tätigkeit zu unterbrechen oder ganz aufzugeben (9,4 %) oder um als Physiotherapeut*in in einem anderen Wirtschaftssektor zu arbeiten (7,9 %). Im Vergleich zur Gesamtwirtschaft deuten eine hohe Einwanderungsrate (17,2 %) und eine hohe Beschäftigungswachstumsrate (152,8 %) sowie eine niedrige Arbeitslosenquote (0,9 %) auf einen Fachkräftemangel in diesem Beruf hin.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Analyse der Strukturdaten 2016–2018 bestätigen den Trend des Beschäftigungswachstums in der Physiotherapie und weisen auf einen Fachkräftemangel hin. Es sollten geeignete Maßnahmen getroffen werden, um diesem Trend entgegenzuwirken und ihn weiter zu untersuchen. Diese sollten die Untersuchung und Evaluation neuer Versorgungsmodelle zur Verbesserung von Karriereperspektiven umfassen, die zum Erhalt von Arbeitskräften beitragen können, sowie die Erweiterung der aktuellen therapeutischen Leistungen durch neue, technologiebasierte Ansätze und die Erhöhung der Anzahl verfügbarer Studienplätze.
New Thiazole Orange Derivatives for Improved Fluorescence Signaling of DNA FIT Probes
Authors: Seitz Oliver , Homer Amal
Published: June 2023

Forced intercalation probes (FIT probes) are nucleic acid probes in which an intercalator dye of the thiazole orange (TO) family serves as a surrogate nucleobase. Hybridization of FIT probes is accompanied by enhancements of fluorescence. Looking for ways to increase turn-on and brightness of fluorescence, we herein report the synthesis of new fluorogenic base surrogates. In total, nine different TO derivatives were introduced into FIT probes. Fluorescence measurements in six different sequences revealed that substitution at both the quinoline and the benzothiazole part affects fluorescence turn-on upon hybridization and brightness of probe–target duplexes. A TO derivative containing a tricyclic benzothiazole provided FIT probes signaling hybridization by up to 18.6-fold enhancement of fluorescence. Improved fluorescence quantum yields (Φds up to 0.53) and high extinction coefficients (ε518 up to 91000 M–1·cm–1) make this dye an interesting, and in some sequences superior, alternative to the canonical thiazole orange used previously in FIT probes.
Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents with Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Single-Center Observational Study
Authors: Hofmann Sarah , Winkler Sandra , Baumann Matthias , Zellner Herta
Published: June 2023

This article obtains an overview of the health status of children and adolescents with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) with a focus on the clinical course of the disease, neuropsychodiagnostic findings, and their impact on quality of life (QoL). In this observational study, data were collected from 24 children and adolescents with NF1 who were cared for at the University Hospital in Innsbruck, Austria, from 2008 to 2022. Data were collected every 6 to 12 months from routine check-ups, including clinical features and imaging findings. Results of neuropsychodiagnostic tests and the KINDL questionnaire to assess QoL were included. Of 24 patients, 15 underwent a neuropsychological examination. Attention performance was examined in 11 of them. Eight of 11 (72%) showed an attention deficit. Assessment for specific developmental disorders showed visual-spatial difficulties in 12/15 (80%) patients. The KINDL questionnaire values ranged from 58.22 to 97.92 (0 stands for reduced QoL, 100 for very good QoL). Patients with scoliosis had a lower range of QoL (56.33–73.96). No trend in QoL was observed in children and adolescents with plexiform neurofibromas, below-average intelligence or optic gliomas. NF1 patients show very different clinical courses. Regular neuropsychological assessment especially with regard to visual-spatial skills and attention deficits is necessary to offer appropriate support, promote children's development, and thus improve their QoL.
Multistep molecular mechanisms of Aβ16-22 fibril formation revealed by lattice Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Nguyen Phuong H. , Derreumaux Philippe
Published: June 2023

As a model of self-assembly from disordered monomers to fibrils, the amyloid-β fragment Aβ16-22 was subject to past numerous experimental and computational studies. Because dynamics information between milliseconds and seconds cannot be assessed by both studies, we lack a full understanding of its oligomerization. Lattice simulations are particularly well suited to capture pathways to fibrils. In this study, we explored the aggregation of 10 Aβ16–22 peptides using 65 lattice Monte Carlo simulations, each simulation consisting of 3 × 109 steps. Based on a total of 24 and 41 simulations that converge and do not converge to the fibril state, respectively, we are able to reveal the diversity of the pathways leading to fibril structure and the conformational traps slowing down the fibril formation.
Describing proton transfer modes in shared proton systems with constrained nuclear–electronic orbital methods
Authors: Zhang Yuzhe , Xu Xi , Yang Nan , Chen Zehua , Yang Yang
Published: June 2023

Proton transfer is crucial in various chemical and biological processes. Because of significant nuclear quantum effects, accurate and efficient description of proton transfer remains a great challenge. In this Communication, we apply constrained nuclear–electronic orbital density functional theory (CNEO-DFT) and constrained nuclear–electronic orbital molecular dynamics (CNEO-MD) to three prototypical shared proton systems and investigate their proton transfer modes. We find that with a good description of nuclear quantum effects, CNEO-DFT and CNEO-MD can well describe the geometries and vibrational spectra of the shared proton systems. Such a good performance is in significant contrast to DFT and DFT-based ab initio molecular dynamics, which often fail for shared proton systems. As an efficient method based on classical simulations, CNEO-MD is promising for future investigations of larger and more complex proton transfer systems.
Effect of crystal growth conditions on carrier lifetime and lattice defects in the solar absorber material ZnSnP2
Authors: Sumiyoshi Isshin , Nose Yoshitaro
Published: June 2023

We investigated the minority carrier lifetime and behavior of lattice defects in ZnSnP2 bulk crystals through experiments on carrier recombination and defect properties. Advanced deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) revealed that an electron trap with a short time constant at 0.2 eV below the conduction band minimum edge may contribute to the short minority carrier lifetime evaluated by time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL). The temperature dependence of steady-state photoluminescence suggested that the carrier recombination through the electron trap was nonradiative around room temperature, which supports the fact of the short carrier lifetime and lower current density in ZnSnP2 solar cells. Previously reported theoretical calculation suggests that such a trap comes from the antisite defect of Sn from the viewpoint of the thermodynamic transition level. We, thus, prepared ZnSnP2 crystals by the solution growth method under conditions with a higher chemical potential of Zn, and we achieved the enhancement of the carrier lifetime compared to that under other growth conditions. In this case, the evaluation of the liquidus temperature and chemical potentials by a thermodynamic model indicated that the formation of Sn antisite was effectively suppressed by a lower precipitation temperature in addition to the effect of chemical potentials. Finally, we demonstrated the improvement of current density in ZnSnP2 solar cells using crystals with a longer lifetime, especially in the longer wavelength range.
High-level studies of the singlet states of quadricyclane, including analysis of a new experimental vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectrum by configuration interaction and density functional calculations
Authors: Palmer Michael H. , Hoffmann Søren Vrønning , Jones Nykola C. , Coreno Marcello , de Simone Monica , Grazioli Cesare , Aitken R. Alan , Peureux Coralyse
Published: June 2023

A synchrotron-based vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectrum (VUV) of quadricyclane (QC) is reported with energies up to 10.8 eV. Extensive vibrational structure has been extracted from the broad maxima by fitting short energy ranges of the VUV spectrum to high level polynomial functions and processing the regular residuals. Comparison of these data with our recent high-resolution photoelectron spectral of QC showed that this structure must be attributed to Rydberg states (RS). Several of these appear before the valence states at higher energies. Both types of states have been calculated by configuration interaction, including symmetry-adapted cluster studies (SAC-CI) and time dependent density functional theoretical methods (TDDFT). There is a close correlation between the SAC-CI vertical excitation energies (VEE) and both Becke 3-parameter hybrid functional (B3LYP), especially Coulomb-attenuating method-B3LYP determined ones. The VEE for several low-lying s-, p, d-, and f-RS have been determined by SAC-CI and adiabatic excitation energies by TDDFT methods. Searches for equilibrium structures for 11,3A2 and 11B1 states for QC led to rearrangement to a norbornadiene structure. Determination of the experimental 00 band positions, which show extremely low cross-sections, has been assisted by matching features in the spectra with Franck–Condon (FC) fits. Herzberg–Teller (HT) vibrational profiles for the RS are more intense than the FC ones, but only at high energy, and are attributed to up to ten quanta. The vibrational fine structure of the RS calculated by both FC and HT procedures gives an easy route to generating HT profiles for ionic states, which usually require non-standard procedures.
Effects of orientation on fatigue crack propagation of Ni3Al under super-gravity by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Ma Lei , Zeng Liangqin , Li Changsheng , Hu Wangyu
Published: June 2023

The effects of orientation on fatigue crack propagation of Ni3Al alloys under the super-gravity condition were studied by using the molecular dynamics method. The research found that the crack initiation and propagation mechanisms were different for different orientation crack models: the [001](010) crack germinated in the form of blunting damage and voids and the [1̄10](110) crack began initiation as blunting damage and slip bands. For the [112̄](111) crack, the initiation mechanisms of the crack were the same as the [1̄10](110) crack. In the crack propagation stage, the main deformation mechanisms of all crack models were slip bands, but the slip directions were different: the [001](010) crack and [112̄](111) crack presented ductile cracking and the [1̄10](110) crack presented brittleness fracture. Then, the crack growth rate and stress intensity factor were also analyzed under the super-gravity condition. The results showed that the [112̄](111) crack had the slowest growth rate compared to other two cracks under the super-gravity condition, and the [112̄](111) crack had the maximum stress intensity factor variable at initiation, but the variation tendency of stress intensity factors was slowest for the [112̄](111) crack under the super-gravity condition.
Assessment of wildland firefighter opinions and experiences related to incident medical providers
Authors: Hoffman Mark , Moody Valerie , Bovbjerg Viktor E. , Callis Isabella , Snauer Zachary
Published: June 2023

Background Medical services for wildland fire incidents are vital and fire personnel need to be comfortable seeking care and have adequate access to care. Aims The aim of this study was to examine wildland firefighters’ (WLFFs) attitudes towards, opinions of and experiences with the medical services on fire assignments. Methods A survey was used to collect information from WLFFs. The survey covered: (1) demographics, (2) injury descriptions, (3) trust/respect toward medical personnel, and (4) perceived impact of injury treatment on individual and team deployability. Analysis used contingency tables with chi-square tests to compare groups. Key results WLFFs in both groups respect and trust incident medical personnel. Private firefighters compared with agency firefighters report a perception of less access to care, a high level of discouragement to seek care, and a greater concern that seeking care could result in being removed from the incident. Conclusions Although respect and trust are high, there are concerning perceived differences between groups on several aspects of seeking and receiving medical care. Implications Policy changes and culture shifts may be needed to narrow the opinion and perception gaps between private and agency firefighters on multiple aspects of incident medical services.
Emotional self-disclosure and stance-taking within affective narratives on YouTube
Authors: Pelttari Sanna
Published: June 2023

This case study explores how Spanish YouTubers construct affective narratives in terms of self-disclosure in the context of sensitive topics. In addition, it sheds light on how YouTubers take up a stance within the stories, and the components of this stance-taking. Stories and stance-taking will be evaluated through multimodal analysis, observing both the verbal and non-verbal cues used. According to the results, YouTubers’ affective narratives are characterized by emphasis on explicitly named feelings and by non-verbal cues that reinforce the transmission of mediated emotion, as well as functioning to boost self-disclosure. The narratives reveal a kind of stance-continuum that underlines the dynamic nature of phenomena, where YouTubers gradually construct, in conjunction with self-disclosure, the act of stance-taking, starting from self-oriented positioning, then moving toward a more instructive and self-to-others perspective, and finally acting as stance-influencers of the community in which they are involved.
Highly response gas sensor based the Au-ZnO films processed by combining magnetron sputtering and Ar plasma treatment
Authors: Wang Guodong , Chen Tingyu , Guo Lanlan , Wang Wei , Wang Haohan , Wang Yuanyuan , Zeng Hua , Liu Xiaolian , Wang Junjun , Yang Yingli
Published: June 2023

The excellent and promising gas sensors not only have high response, but also can be easily integrated with other semiconductor devices to form an intelligent chip. In order to realize this goal, an effective strategy is proposed to combine the magnetron sputtering and Ar plasma treatment. As a result, a high-performance sensor based on Au-ZnO films is achieved at the optimal technology parameter, with high response (Ra/Rg) of 190 to 100 ppm isopropanol (IPA), rapid response/recovery speed of 1 s/18 s, and low detection limit of 100 ppb at 300 °C. Moreover, the mechanisms of the improvement on the sensing properties of the as-fabricated sensor are discussed. The present work provides new ideas for the future development of integrating gas sensors with functional circuits to form a smart chip that can perform data acquisition, processing and storage.
Structural and spin-glass properties of single crystal J
eff = ½ pyrochlore antiferromagnet NaCdCo2F7: correlating T
f with magnetic-bond-disorder
Authors: Kancko A , Giester G , Colman R H
Published: June 2023

Weak bond disorder disrupts the expected spin-liquid ground-state of the ideal S = 1/2 Heisenberg pyrochlore antiferromagnet. Here we introduce a single crystal study of the structural and magnetic properties of the bond-disordered pyrochlore NaCdCo2F7. The magnetic susceptibility appears isotropic, with a large negative Curie-Weiss temperature (θCW = −108(1) K), however no magnetic order is observed on cooling until a spin-glass transition at T
f = 4.0 K. AC-susceptibility measurements show a frequency-dependent shift of the associated cusp in χ’ at T
f, that can be fitted well by the empirical Vogel-Fulcher law. The magnetic moment of μ
eff = 5.4(1) μ
B/Co2+ indicates a significant orbital contribution and heat capacity measurements show that down to 1.8 K, well below T
f, only S
mag ∼

2
/
3

Rln(2) of the magnetic entropy is recovered, suggestive of residual continued dynamics. Structural and magnetism comparisons are made with the other known members of the NaA’’Co2F7 family (A″ = Ca2+, Sr2+), confirming the expected relationship between spin-glass freezing temperature, and extent of magnetic bond disorder brought about by the size mismatch between A-site ions.
Development of ultra-broadband sound absorber based on double-layered irregular honeycomb microperforated panel
Authors: Li Heming , Wu Jinwu , Mao Qibo , Yan Shanlin
Published: June 2023

In this study, a broadband sound absorber was developed using a double-layered irregular honeycomb microperforated panel (MPP) structure and a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to address the issue of broadband sound absorption of MPPs. An acoustic impedance model of the designed sound absorber and an optimization algorithm were implemented to obtain the structural configuration parameters for quasi-perfect sound absorption. The coupling effect between the resonant elements and the optimized structural configuration parameters enabled broadband and high-efficiency sound absorption. The impedance tube experimental results demonstrated an excellent broadband sound absorption level within the range of linear acoustics, and the designed triad and tetrad structures exhibited more than 70% absorption efficiency in the range of 609–4 002 Hz and 518–5 162 Hz, respectively. This study provides a design method and insights into the design, promotion, and application of broadband sound absorbers.
Modified propagation of gravitational waves from the early radiation era
Authors: He Yutong , Roper Pol Alberto , Brandenburg Axel
Published: June 2023

We study the propagation of cosmological gravitational wave (GW) backgrounds from the early radiation era until the present day in modified theories of gravity. Comparing to general relativity (GR), we study the effects that modified gravity parameters, such as the GW friction  αMand the tensor speed excessαT, have on the present-day GW spectrum. We use both the WKB estimate, which provides an analytical description but fails at superhorizon scales, and numerical simulations that allow us to go beyond the WKB approximation. We show that a constantαTmakes relatively insignificant changes to the GR solution, especially taking into account the constraints on its value from GW observations by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration, whileαMcan introduce modifications to the spectral slopes of the GW energy spectrum in the low-frequency regime depending on the considered time evolution ofαM. The latter effect is additional to the damping or growth occurring equally at all scales that can be predicted by the WKB approximation. In light of the recent observations by pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations, and the potential observations by future detectors such as SKA, LISA, DECIGO, BBO, or ET, we show that, in most of the cases, constraints cannot be placed on the effects ofαMand the initial GW energy density  ℰ*GWseparately, but only on the combined effects of the two, unless the signal is observed at different frequency ranges. In particular, we provide some constraints on the combined effects from the reported PTA observations.
Tunable magnetic and electronic transport properties of Co1+xV2-xO4
Authors: Sahoo L , Mohapatra N
Published: June 2023

Here we present a study on the electronic and magnetic properties of the members of Co1+xV2-xO4 series. The solid-state reaction method was used to grow the polycrystalline samples. Using the localised electron relationship and the various hopping transport regimes, we analyse the electronic transport outcomes. Also, the results of magnetic measurements reveal the ferrimagnetic phase transition and non-collinear spin configuration of these vanadate samples. Additionally, our work illustrates the variation of electronic and magnetic properties with the Co-concentration values.
Electronic structure and elasticity of two-dimensional metals of group 10: A DFT study
Authors: Abidi Kameyab Raza , Koskinen Pekka
Published: June 2023

The discovery of two-dimensional (2D) iron monolayer in graphene pores stimulated experimental and computational material scientists to investigate low-dimensional elemental metals. There have been many advances in their synthesis, stability, and properties in the last few years. Inspired by these advancements, we investigated the electronic structure and elasticity of free-standing monolayers of group 10 elemental metals, viz. Ni, Pd, and Pt. Using density-functional theory (DFT), we explored the energetic, geometric, electronic, and elastic properties of hexagonal, honeycomb, and square lattice structures of each element, in both planar and buckled forms. Among planar configurations, the order of increasing stability is honeycomb, square, and hexagonal. In buckled form, this ordering remains the same for Pt but is reversed for Ni and Pd. Upon geometrical optimization, the extent of buckling for Pt was found to be small compared to Ni and Pd. The effect of buckling on the electronic structure was further scrutinized through the projected density of states, and it was found that highly buckled configurations derive their of states from 3D bulk, which highlights the correlation between buckled configurations and 3D bulk. For Pt in buckled square and honeycomb lattices, the density of states correlates more closely to their 2D monolayers. Regarding elasticity, the in-plane elastic constants indicate that all planar and buckled square lattices are unstable.
Micromagnetic Simulations of Emergent Monopole Defects and Magnetization Reversal in Connected and Dipolar Kagome Artificial Spin Ice
Authors: Singh Charu , Ray Nirat
Published: June 2023

Artificial spin ice (ASI) materials, created by lithographically patterning nanoscale magnets in desired geometries, have shown a number of interesting phenomena, such as emergent magnetic monopoles (monopole defects), collective dynamics and phase transitions. The control of monopole defects with external stimuli such as magnetic and electric fields, strain, electric currents etc. would be of much interest in fabrication of future devices. In this work, we investigate the magnetization reversal as a function of the connectivity of the Kagome ASI, using micromagnetic simulations. The domain wall motion is expected to play an important role in the connected spin ice, whereas the dipolar interactions dominate for the unconnected case. The magnetic microstate of each lattice is uniquely determined by the vertex configuration, with the Kagome lattice supporting a six-fold-degenerate vertex state, obeying either a two-in/one-out (vertex charge +q) or one-in/two-out (vertex charge q) ice rule. We analyze the fraction of each vertex type to highlight changes in the magnetic microstate as a function of applied magnetic field. Our results could be correlated with magneto-transport measurements and direct imaging of vertex states in ASI using magnetic force microscopy.
Hydrogen adsorption and diffusion through two dimensional aluminium : A first-principles investigation
Authors: Yadav Kiran , Ray Nirat
Published: June 2023

With the exponentially growing global energy demand, green and clean renewable energy has become the need of the hour. To address the impending energy crisis, hydrogen has been proposed as an efficient and sustainable renewable energy source that has potential to replace conventional sources such as fossil fuels. Owing to their large surface-to-volume ratio and unique physiochemical properties, two-dimensional (2D) materials have been more recently explored for their energy storage potential. In this study, we investigate the adsorption of hydrogen molecule on a two-dimensional, free-standing aluminum monolayer using first-principles density functional theory calculations. We examine adsorption at four high symmetry sites in the honeycomb lattice: T (directly above the Al atom on the surface), D (directly above the Al atom in the buckled layer), H (hollow site at the center of the honeycomb lattice), and X (midway between Al bonds). The movement of hydrogen molecule during diffusion through the honeycomb hollow ring center of the aluminum monolayer is also studied using the Nudged Elastic Band (NEB) approach.
Emergent Phenomena in KTaO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructure
Authors: Bhattacharya Sanchari , Jena Soumyasree , Datta Sanjoy
Published: June 2023

KTaO3 has become a new material of attraction for exploring various exotic properties at its surface and interfaces. To explore the substrate effect of KTaO3, we have studied a new heterostructure made by KTaO3 and SrTiO3. KTaO3 is a 5d polar perovskite with the complementary planes of KO− and

TaO

2
+

, whereas SrTiO3 is a 3d non-polar perovskite with alternative stacking SrO0 and

TiO

2
0

. By taking the epitaxial layers of SrTiO3 on top of KTaO3, we have created two different interfaces along (0 0 1), which are

KO

−

/

TiO

2
0

and

TaO

2
+

/

SrO

0

. We have studied these two interfaces by using density functional theory. In

KO

−

/

TiO

2
0

interface, the signature of two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) has been found. Though the interface turns to insulator when epitaxial layers reach beyond 4.5 u.c. The other one, i.e.,

TaO

2
+

/

SrO

0

interface, shows the typical behaviour of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), only at the epitaxial layer 2.5 uc. The presence of both types of carriers in a single system for different kinds of interfaces has great use in various device applications.
A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies That Address HIV-Related Stigmas Among US Healthcare Workers and Health Systems: Applying a Theory-Based Ontology to Link Intervention Types, Techniques, and Mechanisms of Action to Potential Effectiveness
Authors: Kutner Bryan A , Vaughn Michael P , Giguere Rebecca , Rodriguez-Hart Cristina , McKinnon Karen , Kaighobadi Farnaz , Felix Bimbla , Akakpo Attisso , Cournos Francine , Mikaelian Matt , Knox Justin , Boccher-Lattimore Daria , Mack Kimbirly A , LaForest Marian , Sandfort Theodorus G M ,   STAR (Stigma and Resilience) Coalition Compendium Team, Thompson Adam , Martin David P , Langan Greg , Jaafar Fatima , Vientos Migdalia , Matthews Lisa , Willson Gloria
Published: June 2023

Background

To end the HIV epidemic, we need to better understand how to address HIV-related stigmas in healthcare settings, specifically the common theoretical bases across interventions so that we can generalize about their potential effectiveness.

Purpose

We describe theory-based components of stigma interventions by identifying their functions/types, techniques, and purported mechanisms of change.

Methods

This systematic review examined studies published by April 2021. We applied a transtheoretical ontology developed by the Human Behaviour Change Project, consisting of 9 intervention types (ITs), 93 behavior change techniques (BCTs), and 26 mechanisms of action (MOAs). We coded the frequency and calculated the potential effectiveness of each IT, BCT, and MOA. We evaluated study quality with a 10-item adapted tool.

Results

Among the nine highest quality studies, indicated by the use of an experimental design, the highest potentially effective IT was “Persuasion” (i.e. using communication to induce emotions and/or stimulate action; 66.7%, 4/6 studies). The highest potentially effective BCTs were “Behavioral practice/rehearsal” (i.e. to increase habit and skill) and “Salience of consequences” (i.e. to make consequences of behavior more memorable; each 100%, 3/3 studies). The highest potentially effective MOAs were “Knowledge” (i.e. awareness) and “Beliefs about capabilities” (i.e. self-efficacy; each 67%, 2/3 studies).

Conclusions

By applying a behavior change ontology across studies, we synthesized theory-based findings on stigma interventions. Interventions typically combined more than one IT, BCT, and MOA. Practitioners and researchers can use our findings to better understand and select theory-based components of interventions, including areas for further evaluation, to expedite ending the HIV epidemic.
Evidence that Mental Contrasting Reduces Health Information Avoidance
Authors: Yang Michelle Z , King Willa C , Oettingen Gabriele , Sheeran Paschal
Published: June 2023

Background

Although learning health information is beneficial for physical well-being, many people opt to avoid learning this information due to its potentially threatening nature. Such avoidance can lead to delays in seeking treatment.

Purpose

This study tested the effectiveness of a self-regulation technique, mental contrasting (MC), specifically MC of a negative future with a positive current reality, in reducing health information avoidance regarding skin cancer (melanoma). We hypothesized that participants who engaged in MC would be more likely to choose to learn about their melanoma risk than those who completed a control, reflection activity.

Methods

We conducted a randomized controlled trial (N = 354). Participants were assigned to complete a MC or reflection (control) exercise prior to filling out a melanoma risk calculator. Participants were then asked whether they wanted to learn their melanoma risk, and how much information they would like to know.

Results

Chi-Square tests revealed that MC decreased melanoma risk information avoidance compared to the reflection activity (12% vs. 23.4%) but did not make participants more likely seek additional information.

Conclusion

MC is a brief, engaging, and effective strategy for reducing health information avoidance that could prove useful in medical settings.
Examining the predictive potential of depressed mood and alcohol misuse on risky driving
Authors: Case Nevicia F , Brown Thomas G
Published: June 2023

Aims: Male driving while impaired (DWI) offenders are at heightened risk for engaging in risky driving. Males in a depressed mood are also more prone to alcohol misuse, which may further contribute to risky driving. This manuscript investigates the predictive potential of combined depressed mood and alcohol misuse on risky driving outcomes 3 and 9 years after baseline in male DWI offenders. Methods: At baseline, participants completed questionnaires assessing depressed mood (Major Depression scale of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III), alcohol misuse (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), and sensation-seeking (Sensation Seeking Scale-V). Risky driving data (Analyse des comportements routiers; ACR3) were collected at follow-up 3 years after baseline. Driving offence data were obtained for 9 years after baseline. Results: There were 129 participants. As 50.4% of the sample were missing ACR3 scores, multiple imputation was conducted. In the final regression model, R2 = 0.34, F(7,121) = 8.76, P < 0.001, alcohol misuse significantly predicted ACR3, B = 0.56, t = 1.96, P = 0.05. Depressed mood, however, did not significantly predict ACR3 and sensation-seeking was not a significant moderator. Although the regression model predicting risky driving offences at Year 9 was significant R2 = 0.37, F(10,108) = 6.41, P < 0.001, neither depressed mood nor alcohol misuse was a significant predictor. Conclusions: These findings identify alcohol misuse as a predictor of risky driving 3 years after baseline among male DWI offenders. This enhances our prediction of risky driving, extending beyond the widely researched acute impacts of alcohol by exploring chronic patterns.
Artificial intelligence for automatic detection of basal cell carcinoma from frozen tissue tangential biopsies
Authors: Murphree Dennis H , Kim Yong-hun , Sidey Kirk A , Comfere Nneka I , Vidal Nahid Y
Published: June 2023

Evaluation of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) involves tangential biopsies of a suspicious lesion that is sent for frozen sections and evaluated by a Mohs micrographic surgeon. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have made possible the development of sophisticated clinical decision support systems to provide real-time feedback to clinicians that could have a role in optimizing the diagnostic workup of BCC. There were 287 annotated whole-slide images of frozen sections from tangential biopsies, of which 121 contained BCC, that were used to train and test an AI pipeline to recognize BCC. Regions of interest were annotated by a senior dermatology resident, an experienced dermatopathologist and an experienced Mohs surgeon, with concordance of annotations noted on final review. Final performance metrics included a sensitivity and specificity of 0.73 and 0.88, respectively. Our results on a relatively small dataset suggest the feasibility of developing an AI system to aid in the workup and management of BCC.
Is magnetic sphincter augmentation indicated in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux?
Authors: Schoppmann Sebastian F
Published: June 2023

Up to 30% of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) suffer from laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) with symptoms, as chronic cough, laryngitis, or asthma. Besides life-style modifications and medical acid suppression, laparoscopic fundoplication is an established treatment option. Treatment-related side effects after laparoscopic fundoplication have to be weighted against LPR symptom control in 30–85% of patients after surgery. Magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) is described as an effective alternative to fundoplication for surgical treatment of GERD. However, evidence on the efficacy of MSA in patients with LPR is very limited. Preliminary data on the results of MSA treating LPR symptoms in patients with acid and weakly acid reflux are promising; showing comparable results to laparoscopic fundoplication by providing the potential of decrease side effects.
Controlled Hookworm Infection for Medication-free Maintenance in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Pilot, Double-blind, Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Mules Thomas C , Lavender Brittany , Maclean Kate , Vacca Francesco , Noble Sophia-Louise , Yumnam Bibek , Te Kawa Tama , Cait Alissa , Tang Jeffry , O’Sullivan David , Gasser Olivier , Stanley James , Le Gros Graham , Camberis Mali , Inns Stephen
Published: June 2023

Background

Human hookworm has been proposed as a treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC). This pilot study assessed the feasibility of a full-scale randomized control trial examining hookworm to maintain clinical remission in patients with UC.

Methods

Twenty patients with UC in disease remission (Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index [SCCAI] ≤4 and fecal calprotectin (fCal) <100 ug/g) and only on 5-aminosalicylate received 30 hookworm larvae or placebo. Participants stopped 5-aminosalicylate after 12 weeks. Participants were monitored for up to 52 weeks and exited the study if they had a UC flare (SCCAI ≥5 and fCal ≥200 µg/g). The primary outcome was difference in rates of clinical remission at week 52. Differences were assessed for quality of life (QoL) and feasibility aspects including recruitment, safety, effectiveness of blinding, and viability of the hookworm infection.

Results

At 52 weeks, 4 of 10 (40%) participants in the hookworm group and 5 of 10 (50%) participants in the placebo group had maintained clinical remission (odds ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.11-3.92). Median time to flare in the hookworm group was 231 days (interquartile range [IQR], 98-365) and 259 days for placebo (IQR, 132-365). Blinding was quite successful in the placebo group (Bang’s blinding index 0.22; 95% CI, −0.21 to 1) but less successful in the hookworm group (0.70; 95% CI, 0.37-1.0). Almost all participants in the hookworm group had detectable eggs in their faeces (90%; 95% CI, 0.60-0.98), and all participants in this group developed eosinophilia (peak eosinophilia 4.35 × 10^9/L; IQR, 2.80-6.68). Adverse events experienced were generally mild, and there was no significant difference in QoL.

Conclusions

A full-scale randomized control trial examining hookworm therapy as a maintenance treatment in patients with UC appears feasible.
Clinical concept and relation extraction using prompt-based machine reading comprehension
Authors: Peng Cheng , Yang Xi , Yu Zehao , Bian Jiang , Hogan William R , Wu Yonghui
Published: June 2023

Objective

To develop a natural language processing system that solves both clinical concept extraction and relation extraction in a unified prompt-based machine reading comprehension (MRC) architecture with good generalizability for cross-institution applications.

Methods

We formulate both clinical concept extraction and relation extraction using a unified prompt-based MRC architecture and explore state-of-the-art transformer models. We compare our MRC models with existing deep learning models for concept extraction and end-to-end relation extraction using 2 benchmark datasets developed by the 2018 National NLP Clinical Challenges (n2c2) challenge (medications and adverse drug events) and the 2022 n2c2 challenge (relations of social determinants of health [SDoH]). We also evaluate the transfer learning ability of the proposed MRC models in a cross-institution setting. We perform error analyses and examine how different prompting strategies affect the performance of MRC models.

Results and Conclusion

The proposed MRC models achieve state-of-the-art performance for clinical concept and relation extraction on the 2 benchmark datasets, outperforming previous non-MRC transformer models. GatorTron-MRC achieves the best strict and lenient F1-scores for concept extraction, outperforming previous deep learning models on the 2 datasets by 1%–3% and 0.7%–1.3%, respectively. For end-to-end relation extraction, GatorTron-MRC and BERT-MIMIC-MRC achieve the best F1-scores, outperforming previous deep learning models by 0.9%–2.4% and 10%–11%, respectively. For cross-institution evaluation, GatorTron-MRC outperforms traditional GatorTron by 6.4% and 16% for the 2 datasets, respectively. The proposed method is better at handling nested/overlapped concepts, extracting relations, and has good portability for cross-institute applications. Our clinical MRC package is publicly available at https://github.com/uf-hobi-informatics-lab/ClinicalTransformerMRC.
Comparison of a pebbles-based model with the observed evolution of the water and carbon dioxide outgassing of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Ciarniello Mauro , Fulle M , Tosi F , Mottola S , Capaccioni F , Bockelée-Morvan D , Longobardo A , Raponi A , Filacchione G , Rinaldi G , Rotundi A , De Sanctis M C , Formisano M , Magni G
Published: June 2023

The Rosetta mission escorted comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko for approximately two years including the perihelion passage (1.24 au, 2015 August), allowing us to monitor the seasonal evolution of the water and carbon dioxide loss rates. Here, we model 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko water and carbon dioxide production as measured by the Rosina experiment during the entire escort phase by applying the Water-ice-Enriched Block (WEB) model, namely a structural and activity model for a nucleus made of pebbles. Furthermore, we compare the surface temperature distribution inferred by VIRTIS-M observations in 2014 August (≈3.5 au inbound, northern summer) with the expected temperatures from our simulations in the nucleus’ northern hemisphere, investigating the relevance of self-illumination effects in the comet ‘neck’ and assessing the active area extent during the northern summer. Our simulations imply that: (1) water production at perihelion is mostly from the dehydration of water-poor pebbles, continuously exposed by CO2-driven erosion; (2) at large heliocentric distances outbound the water loss rate is dominated by the self-cleaning of fallout deposits; (3) the outbound steep decrease of the water production curve with heliocentric distance results from the progressive reduction of the nucleus water-active area, as predicted by the proposed model; (4) in 2014 August the water production is dominated by distributed sources, originating in the active ‘neck’; (5) distributed sources originating in water-ice-rich exposures dominate the water production approximately up to the inbound equinox; (6) the time evolution of the CO2 loss rate during the Rosetta escort phase is consistent with the WEB model.