bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing a Special Theory of Expert Knowledge Use with a view to Ensuring Information and Worldview Security in the Digital Environment
Authors: Bogatyrev K. M.
Published: November 2021

This paper substantiates the need to develop a new special theory of the use of expert knowledge in the framework of ensuring information and worldview security in the digital environment, aimed at analyzing and generalizing the possibilities of using a range of expert knowledge for the study of criminogenic information disseminated within the digital environment. For these purposes, conceptual frameworks have been developed, including the subject and the system of new expert theory, as well as other terms that are important for a holistic understanding of this area (such as "digital environment", "information (worldview) security", "value basis"). The involvement of persons with special knowledge is important due to the peculiarities of information disseminated in the digital environment (such as electronic form, hypertextuality, etc.). In this case, the question often arises about the need for a comprehensive expert analysis (for example, the use of special knowledge in the field of forensic speech and forensic psychology, special computer-technical knowledge, etc.). The result of the study is conclusion on the need to develop a new private expert theory; the paper defines its conceptual foundations in the form of a consideration of its subject and system.
Personnel Aspect in Ensuring the Judicial Activity Organization: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Shtefan D. I.
Published: November 2021

The reform of the judicial system of the Russian Federation has been going on for over 20 years. Every year the country faces new economic realities and is forced to respond to emerging difficulties. The paper focuses on the insufficient level of remuneration of employees of the court apparatus (court officials), analyzes the causes of this problem, and provides a calculation based on open statistical data. The author puts forward proposals for finding additional sources of budget revenue, focuses on the problems of functioning of the institution of state fees and ways to eliminate them. As a way to solve the problem, a draft of amendments to tax legislation has been developed. The proposed initiative can be used as a compensatory argument for additional financing of the Russian judicial system. Raising the minimum and maximum thresholds for state duties is an inevitable reform due to the growing burden on the judicial system and the impact of inflationary processes. The judicial community should draw the attention of the executive branch of government to problems and possible ways of solving them.
Cross-Border Oil and Gas Transactions in Private International Law: Concept, Types, and Features of Regulation
Authors: Andriyanov D. V.
Published: November 2021

The paper proposes to refer to cross-border oil and gas transactions as contracts mediating relations in the field of international circulation of hydrocarbons. These include all transactions complicated by a foreign element (foreign entity, object, legal fact) and concluded regarding the exploration, development, processing, transfer, transportation of oil and gas as a commodity in the course of entrepreneurial and investment activities. Based on the Russian and foreign doctrine of private international law, the author examines the most common transactions in the industry, analyzes their features, and also proposes a basic classification of contractual structures. In the absence of a wide range of international treaties governing cross-border oil and gas transactions, the author concludes that the conflict of laws method of determining the applicable law is dominant. The importance of non-state regulators lex petrolea is noted, capable of complementing, but not replacing, national legal regulation.
Online Settlement of Cross-Border Disputes: Architecture of the Regulatory Environment for Consumer Disputes (European Union Experience)
Authors: Donskaya D. S.
Published: November 2021

The increasing complexity and digitalization of cross-border relations are an unconditional stimulus for the development and popularization of online dispute resolution mechanisms. The paper examines the European Union experience in regulating modern online mechanisms for resolving consumer disputes and attempts to determine the hierarchy of regulatory acts in relation to online resolution (settlement) of cross-border private law disputes. The author analyzes the features of the European approach to regulating the system of online resolution of crossborder disputes in order to determine the possible vector of development of national legislation as a condition necessary for building and ensuring the functioning of an effective system. The paper notes the advantages and disadvantages of the European system of online settlement of cross-border disputes with the participation of consumers. It concludes that it is necessary to resolve the issue of the applicability of the norms of existing treaties, adapt national legislation to the specifics of online dispute resolution, as well as ensure the possibility of considering cross-border disputes with consumer participation in accordance with standardized rules in order to simplify the dispute resolution procedure and build trust in the online system.
Constitutional and Legal Foundations of Parliamentary Control in the Republic of South Ossetia
Authors: Kochieva O. A.
Published: November 2021

Parliamentary control is recognized as the most effective form of influence on government bodies (primarily executive bodies) in the implementation of its main functions by the legislative body. Parliamentary control is of great importance to ensure a balance between the legislative and executive branches of government, as it is one of the main elements of the system of checks and balances. Parliamentary control in the Republic of South Ossetia has its own characteristics and specific features, even taking into account the desire of the South Ossetia legislator to converge national and Russian legislation. The author provides a characteristic of the forms of parliamentary control and mechanisms for the implementation of these forms, based on the legal framework and established practice. A comparative legal analysis of certain forms of parliamentary control with similar ones in the Russian Federation and a number of other foreign countries has been carried out. It is concluded that the absence of a system-forming act in the field of parliamentary control for the highest representative and only legislative body of the Republic of South Ossetia is not an obstacle to the active implementation of its control functions.
Enhancement technique of heat transfer using inserted twisted tape
Authors: NAWALE Prashant R , MULE Atharva A , POWAR Sudesh B , KOTHMIRE Pramod P
Published: November 2021

Enhancements in heat transfer systems are being applied for recovery of heat in domestic as well as industrial applications in many areas. These are done by generating turbulence and swirl motion in the flow by inserting inserts to reduce the thermal resistance of heat transfer. This paper presents the experimental and numerical results of heat transfer enhancement of cooling of a confined space by inserting twisted tape in a pipe buried in concrete under the floor. The Reynolds number is fixed to 15000. Thirteen cases are considered varying the configurations and designs of twisted tapes and the effects of different types of perforations and slots on twisted tapes are studied. Water as the test fluid flowed in pipe inserted with twisted tapes. Heat is transferred from a heating plate to water along the pipe length through concrete to simulate the heat transfer from a room and the water temperature rise is studied. To validate the experimental results, ANSYS-FLUENT is used as the CFD tool with a Standard k-ε turbulence flow model and the SIMPLE algorithm is implemented. Flow physics behaviour is displayed using velocity and temperature profiles inside the pipe. Insertion of twisted tapes shows that the heat transfer is enhanced due to swirling action, friction and turbulence. The experimental differences in inlet and outlet water temperature validated the CFD simulation results. The temperature distribution on a single twisted tape with increasing twist ratio is found to be the most efficient for heat transfer enhancement of the cooling floor surface with a water temperature rise of 1.62 ºC along a pipe length of 1.8 m.
Experimental investigation on the effect of thermophysical properties of a heat transfer fluid on pumping performance for a convective heat transfer system
Authors: RAHMAN Reza Abdu , SUWANDI Agri , NURTANTO Muhammad
Published: November 2021

limited study that specifically discusses the relation between thermophysical properties of a Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) and pumping performance. This study aims to find the effect of the change in thermophysical properties of HTF on the pumping performance, particularly for the delivery rate, slip factor coefficient, and volumetric efficiency. In this study, five different HTFs are used to assess the effect of working temperature and pumping speed on the pumping performance. Delivery rate is evaluated by setting the pumping speed from 0 to 1300 RPM where the working fluid temperature is set at 40, 140, and 200 °C. It shows that the HTF with a lower viscosity has a better delivery rate. The slip coefficient for all working fluid is ranging between 0.11–0.31 at temperature 200 °C. It is found that a higher working temperature for the fluid increases the slip coefficient and delivery rate. The volumetric efficiency is directly affected by the slip ranging from 69 – 89% at 200 °C. The heat transfer rate ranges from 40 – 98 °C for all fluids, which is mainly affected by the volumetric efficiency of the pump and also pumping speed where a higher pumping speed decreases the heat transfer rate. It can be concluded that the change in thermophysical properties of the working fluid will change the pumping performance. Therefore, it is important to adjust the pumping operation according to the temperature and properties of the working fluid to achieve the highest heat transfer rate for a convective heat transfer system.
Innovación en el sector de agua, saneamiento y residuos sólidos en América Latina y el Caribe: Cómo catalizar la cultura de innovación empresarial
Authors: Minatta Alejandro , Basani Marcello
Published: November 2021

El fomento de la innovación en el sector de agua, saneamiento y residuos sólidos (AyS) en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) resulta esencial para contribuir de forma rápida y eficiente a la efectiva consecución de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible vinculados al AyS. Por tal motivo, entre los caminos de acción para impulsar la innovación se incluyen actividades centradas en comunicar la potencialidad y los beneficios que le genera al sector de AyS, así como también en resaltar la importancia de la toma de conciencia por parte de los líderes, encargados de la toma de decisiones de nivel ejecutivo y equipos operativos en el sector de política pública, en el regulador y en el prestador de servicios de AyS, entre otros. El principal reto es promover un círculo virtuoso que se retroalimente en el tiempo, es decir, que la innovación se mantenga asociada estrechamente a la visión del día a día en AyS en ALC. Para ello, es fundamental contar con una cultura sectorial que catalice el correr riesgos más allá de los cotidianos, inhibiendo la tendencia al statu quo. Este documento tiene como principal objetivo proveer elementos clave para abordar de forma pragmática aquellas acciones que podrían promover la cultura de innovación en las entidades de AyS en ALC.
Young Workers in Transition: Explaining the Density Gap by a Life-course Perspective
Authors: Høgedahl Laust , Møberg Rasmus Juul
Published: November 2021

A common challenge for all trade unions in most of the Western world is the growing trade union density gap between young and older workers. In this paper, we examine the generational trade union gap with point of departure in the Danish case. Our data stem from two large surveys (APL II & III).We find that young workers are not more individualized; to the contrary, unorganized young workers have a growing collective mind-set. Through the lens of a life-course perspective, our data show that young workers have a growing ‘fluidic’ working life. Many young workers also take jobs in parts of the labor market with weak trade unions representation not allowing them to get in contact with trade unions representatives.
Evaluation of Corrosion inhibition properties of pharmaceutically active compound Cefotaxime sodium on mild steel surface in sulfuric acid medium
Authors: KUMAR SHUKLA Sudhish , TANWER Somya
Published: November 2021

Cefotaxime sodium is applied in various concentrations in 0.5M sulphuric acid towards the mild steel and analyzed through weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and EIS studies at 298 to 338oK. It gives good inhibition activity at lower temperature. Activation parameters, Gibbs free energy, Enthalpy and entropy of the reaction has been calculated and found that the inhibition process follows physical adsorption on the surface. Adsorption process follows langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. The inhibition behavior on mild steel surface is supplemented by the surface study through atomic force microscopy and found that the inhibited surface have less roughness than the uninhibited surface.
Differentiated approach to rhythm conversion in patients with atrial fibrillation and flutter
Authors: Pronin A. G. , Prokopenko A. V. , Glukhov D. K.
Published: November 2021

The importance of relieving paroxysms of fibrillation and atrial flutter is determined by a huge number of patients suffering from this pathology and its recurrent course.

Objective: To create an algorithm for the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter by comparing the efficacy and safety of drug-induced rhythm conversion with amiodarone, propafenone, procainamide, niferidil and electropulse therapy.

Material and methods. Heart rate conversion was performed in 299 patients. Amiodarone was used as a drug for therapy in 93 patients, propafenone in 34, procainamide in 52, and niferidil in 50. 70 patients underwent electropulse therapy. A comparative analysis was carried out to establish the effectiveness and safety of heart rate conversion by these methods.

Results. The effectiveness of conversion rhythm in atrial fibrillation with the help of electropulse therapy, propafenone, niferidil, procainamide and amiadarone has been established, which is 90,3%, 82,4%, 77,4%, 72,5% and 70.5%, respectively. It was also found that the use of electro-pulse therapy and niferidil, in which sinus rhythm recovery occurs in 94.4% and 78.9%, respectively, against 58.3% and 26.7% of patients receiving procainamide and amiodarone, respectively, is most appropriate for the relief of atrial flutter. Often, when using niferidil, ventricular extrasystole and prolongation of the QT interval during electrography developed in comparison with patients of other groups. Ventricular tachycardia, including the "pirouette" type, sinoatrial blockade, AV blockade of various degrees, were also slightly more often registered in these patients.

Conclusions. In order to stop atrial fibrillation, there are no differences between medications, and it is better to perform rhythm conversion with atrial flutter with niferidil or electro-pulse therapy.
LGBTQIA+ rights, mental health systems, and curative violence in India
Authors: Kottai Sudarshan R
Published: November 2021

This commentary examines the space-attitude-administrative complex of mainstream mental health systems with regard to its responses to decriminalisation of non-heteronormative sexual identities. Even though the Supreme Court, in its 2018 order, instructed governments to disseminate its judgment widely, there has been no such attempt till date. None of the government-run mental health institutions has initiated an LGBTQIA+ rights-based awareness campaign on the judgment, considering that lack of awareness about sexualities in itself remains a critical factor for a non-inclusive environment that forces queer individuals to end their lives. That the State did not come up with any awareness campaign as mandated in the landmark judgment reflects an attitude of queerphobia in the State. Drawing on the concept of “biocommunicability”, analysing the public interfaces of state-run mental health institutions, and the responses of mental health systems to the death by suicide of a queer student, I illustrate how mental health institutions function to further anti-LGBTQIA+ sentiments of the state by churning out customer-patients out of structural violence and systemic inequalities, benefitting the mental health economy at the cost of queer citizens on whom curative violence is practised.
Impact of Hindiya Dam on the Limnological Features of Euphrates River to the North of Babil Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Nashaat Muhanned R. , Al-Bahathy Idrees A. A.
Published: November 2021

Five sites were chosen to the north of Babil Governorate in   order to identify the limnological features and the impact of the Hindiya Dam during 2019. Site2 was located near the dam to reflect the ecological features of this site, whereas other sites, S1 was located at the upstream of the dam as a control site. Moreover, the two other sites S3 and S4 were located down the dam. The results of  the  study  showed  a  close  correlation  between air and water temperature at all sites. Also there were significant differences in average of thirteen out of eighteen water parameters.Water temperature, total alkalinity, bicarbonate, DO, POS, TH and Mg+2  ions  decreased from 22.76˚C, 203.33 mg/L, 146.75 mg/L, 8.8 mg/L, 100.023%, 438 mg/L, 35.55mg/L, respectively on S2  to 22.66 ˚C, 200.28 mg/L, 145.58 mg/L, 8.35 mg/L, 95.45%, 422.66 mg/L,  28.81 mg/L, respectively at site below the dam. While, turbidity, TSS,  Ca+2,  SO2+4, NO3-2 and PO4-2 increased from 13.32 NTU, 23.08 mg/L, 116.89 mg/L, 107.5 mg/L, 1.027 mg/L and 0.019 mg/L, respectively on S2  to 26.574 NTU, 26.83 mg/L, 119.23 mg/L, 137.5 mg/L, 1.145 mg/L and 0.032 mg/L, respectively at the site below the dam.  However, no apparent dam effect was reported in EC, S, TDS, pH values at Euphrates River. No significant differences of all characteristics were found among sites except, turbidity, TSS, Mg+2,  SO+4 and PO4-2. It can be considered that the Euphrates River is very hard, oligohaline, slightly alkaline, well ventilated and clear to turbid. In addition, the turbidity and TSS values exceeded permissible limits of water quality for aquatic life in most samples especially in site below the dam. However, the river was considered by BOD5 to be doubtful in its cleanliness water. Calcium, magnesium, nitrate and phosphate values in this study were within permissible limits.
Algal study in springs and streams from Shaqlawa district, Erbil Province, Iraq I- Euglenophyta
Authors: Toma Janan Jabbar , Aziz Farhad Hassan
Published: November 2021

In an intensive study of the various species of the Euglenophyceae under different environmental conditions, the algal samples were collected monthly in twelve springs and six related streams from September 2019 to August 2020 within Shaglawa district-Erbil Province in virgin areas for phycolimnological study. Twenty species of Euglenophyceaen are identified as a new record for the algal flora. These taxa consist of Colacium vesiculosum, Lepocinclis salina and L.wangi, Eutreptia viridis, Euglena chlamydophora, E. clavata, E. geniculata, E.  intermedia var klebsii, E. limnophila, E. oblonga, E. sociabilis, E. stellate and E. variabilis, Peranema sacculus, Phacus circumflexus, Ph. dangeardii, Ph. peteloti, Petalomonas mediocanella var disomata, Trachelomonas manginii, and T. volvocina var derephora. All of these new records are described and illustrated as much as possible. According to physicals and chemicals characteristics, water temperature varied from 14.942˚C to 18.475˚C, pH lies on alkaline side of neutrality, electrical conductivity ranged between (627.472-2092.306µs/cm) and high concentration of salinity recorded in Azarian spring.
Correlation between Serum and Tissue Markers in Breast Cancer Iraqi Patients
Authors: Hussain Abeer M. , Ali Alia Hussein , Mohammed Haider Latif
Published: November 2021

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide, in Iraq it ranks the first among the population and the leading cause of cancer related female mortality. This study is designed to investigate the correlations between serum and tissue markers in order to clarify their role in progression or regression breast cancer. Tumor Markers are groups of substances, mainly proteins, produced from cancer cell or from other cells in the body in response to tumor.  The study was carried out from April 2018 to April 2019 with total number of 60 breast cancer women. The blood samples were collected from breast cancer women in postoperative and pretherapeutic who attended teaching oncology hospital of the medical city in Baghdad and the serum markers evaluated by ELISA technique are Carbohydrate Antigen 15-3 (Ca 15-3), Carbohydrate Antigen 27.29 (Ca 27.29), Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH), Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Human Epidiymis Protein-4 (HE4). Tissue samples were collected for the same breast cancer women who attended medical city, Baghdad with total number 30. The tissue markers evaluated by Immunohistochemical technique are Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (Her 2/neu) and Cyclin E. The results showed a positive significant correlation (p = 0.017) between Ca 27.29 and Her-2/neu, (p = 0.038) between IL-6 and cyclin E phenotype, (p = 0.051) between TNF-α and Cyclin E intensity, (p = 0.005) between HE4 and Her-2/neu, and negative significant correlation (p = 0.058) between IL-10 and ER score and (p = 0.045) between HE4 with Cyclin E intensity. We conclude from these correlations that positive correlations increasing disease progression, like correlation between Ca 27.29 and Her-2/neu, cyclin E with IL-6 and cyclin E with TNF-α. And the negative correlations may contribute to delay disease, like correlation between IL-10 and ER. From the correlations results in this study, it is clear that the Ca 27.29, Her-2 / neu, cyclin E markers play an important role in disease progression.
Assessment of Air Pollution around Durra Refinery (Baghdad) from Emission NO2 Gas at April Month
Authors: Anad Abbas M. , Hassoon Ahmed F. , Al- Jiboori Monim. H.
Published: November 2021

Nitrogen dioxide NO2 is one of the most dangerous contaminant in the air, its toxic gas that cause disturbing respiratory effects, most of it emitted from industrial sources especially from the stack of power plants and oil refineries. In this study Gaussian equations modelled by Matlab program to state the effect of pollutant NO2 gas on area around Durra refinery, this program also evaluate some elements such as wind and stability and its effect on stacks height. Data used in this study is the amount of fuel oil and fuel gas burn inside refinery at a year 2017. Hourly April month data chosen as a case study because it’s unsteady month. After evaluate emission rate of the all fuel and calculate exit velocity from stack (consider all refinery unit is a point), effective height resulted. Effective height is test with other atmospheric element and with stability, and there is direct relation with unstable turner classes. After Gaussian model implemented results show that most pollutant area from pollutant of NO2 is Al-Jadriyah and Al-Karada area, this area is about 3-5 kilometer from the refinery point. The wind direction domain is from the south to south-east, thus most flow is to north, north-west and the pollutant level of NO2 is over the national ambient air quality standard in this area.
On New Weibull Inverse Lomax Distribution with Applications
Authors: Falgore Jamilu Yunusa , Doguwa Sani Ibrahim
Published: November 2021

In this paper, simulation studies and applications of the New Weibull-Inverse Lomax (NWIL) distribution were presented. In the simulation studies, different sample sizes ranging from 30, 50, 100, 200, 300, to 500 were considered. Also, 1,000 replications were considered for the experiment. NWIL is a fat tail distribution. Higher moments are not easily derived except with some approximations. However, the estimates have higher precisions with low variances. Finally, the usefulness of the NWIL distribution was illustrated by fitting two data  sets
Some Properties of Fuzzy Neutrosophic Generalized Semi Continuous Mapping and Alpha Generalized Continuous Mapping
Authors: Matar Shaymaa F. , Hijab Anas A.
Published: November 2021

In the current study, the definition of mapping of fuzzy neutrosophic generalized semi-continuous and fuzzy neutrosophic alpha has generalized mapping as continuous. The study confirmed some theorems regarding such a concept. In the following, it has been found relationships among fuzzy neutrosophic alpha generalized mapping as continuous, fuzzy neutrosophic mapping as continuous, fuzzy neutrosophic alpha mapping as continuous, fuzzy neutrosophic generalized semi mapping as continuous, fuzzy neutrosophic pre mapping as continuous and fuzzy neutrosophic γ mapping as continuous.
Schultz and Modified Schultz Polynomials for Edge – Identification Chain and Ring – for Square Graphs
Authors: Ali Ahmed Mohammed , Abdullah Mahmood Madian
Published: November 2021

In a connected graph , the distance function between each pair of two vertices from a set vertex  is the shortest distance between them and the vertex degree  denoted by  is the number of edges which are incident to the vertex  The Schultz and modified Schultz polynomials of  are have defined as:
 respectively, where the summations are taken over all unordered pairs of distinct vertices in  and  is the distance between  and  in  The general forms of Schultz and modified Schultz polynomials shall be found and indices of the edge – identification chain and ring – square graphs in the present work.
A Tile with Nested Chain Abacus
Authors: Mohammed Eman F.
Published: November 2021

This study had succeeded in producing a new graphical representation of James abacus called nested chain abacus. Nested chain abacus provides a unique mathematical expression to encode each tile (image) using a partition theory where each form or shape of tile will be associated with exactly one partition.Furthermore, an algorithm of nested chain abacus movement will be constructed, which can be applied in tiling theory.
Third Order Differential Subordination for Analytic Functions Involving Convolution Operator
Authors: Shehab Nihad Hameed , Juma Abdul Rahman S.
Published: November 2021

In the present paper, by making use of the new generalized operator, some results of third order differential subordination and differential superordination consequence for analytic functions are obtained. Also, some sandwich-type theorems are presented.
Estimation of Radiation Dose from Most Common Pediatrics Radiographic Examinations within Main Central Hospitals in Najaf City, Iraq
Authors: Ali Raed Mohammed Kadhim M. , Mraity Hussien Abid Ali Bakir
Published: November 2021

In this study the Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) received by pediatrics patients undergoing chest, abdomen and skull X-ray examinations was estimated. The study was conducted in two hospitals in Najaf city where three radiographic systems were considered. The study participants were classified into four age groups 0-1 ,  1-5 ,  5-10  and  10-15  years. Calculations were performed using exposure factors, kVp, mAs and focal-skin distance, together with patient data age. The ESD was calculated for the involved patients who underwent an Antero-posterior (AP) chest, abdomen and skull X-ray examination. The resulted data were analyzed and compared with international dose references. For all studied radiographic examinations and all X-ray machines, the ESD increases with age. The lowest recorded radiation dose was from hospital 1 machine 2. In this facility ESD ranged from 19.93  µGy to  67.66  µGy for chest X-ray, from  39.03  µGy to  82.63  µGy for abdomen (AP), and from  35.47  µGy to  94.27  µGy for skull (AP). In contrast the highest dose levels are recorded from hospital 2 machine 1; the minimum ESD for chest X-ray is 247.51  µGy and the maximum is  2393.12  µGy; for abdomen X-ray the lowest ESD is  269.05  µGy and the highest value is  5106.15  µGy; and for skull X-ray minimum values is  430.96  µGy and the maximum value is  3072.77  µGy. In conclusion, for the considered pediatrics examinations, most of ESD values are within the international acceptable level and some are higher >100% .
Digitales Lesen in der Hochschule
Authors: Eiben-Zach Britta , Schwabe Annika , Brendel-Kepser Ina , Führer Carolin , Krause-Wolters Marion
Published: November 2021

Digitale Lesefähigkeiten sind für Lehramtsstudierende in zweifacher Form bedeutsam: Sie werden im Rahmen der eigenen Ausbildung benötigt und stellen eine an Schülerinnen und Schüler zu vermittelnde Fähigkeit dar. Dass Lehramtsstudierende mit digitalen wissenschaftlichen Texten kompetent umgehen, gewann im Rahmen der digital organisierten ‹Corona-Semester› besondere Bedeutung. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht der vorliegende Beitrag, wie Lehramtsstudierende den Umgang mit digitaler Lektüre in Lehrveranstaltungen wahrnahmen, wie sie ihre eigene Arbeit mit diesen Texten – auch in emotionaler und motivationaler Hinsicht sowie mit Blick auf den Austausch über das Gelesene – einschätzten und welche Hilfestellung sie von Seiten der Universitäten und Hochschulen erhielten. Mithilfe einer online durchgeführten Umfrage wurden die Einschätzungen Lehramtsstudierender mit denen von Studierenden aus anderen Studiengängen (N = 4701) verglichen. Die Untersuchung hat gezeigt: Lehramtsstudierende berichteten nicht nur von grösseren Schwierigkeiten im effizienten Umgang mit Texten am Bildschirm, sondern schätzten auch ihre Konzentration und Stimmung beim Lesen negativer ein als Studierende anderer Fächer. Insgesamt stellten sich Lehramtsstudierende weniger selbstständig und intrinsisch motiviert dar als andere Studierende. Handlungsbedarf zeichnet sich insbesondere in dem Sinne ab, dass Studierenden verstärkt für das digitale Lesen adäquate Textformate bereitzustellen sind. Auch sollten Hochschulen Studierende insgesamt stärker im Umgang mit digitalen Texten unterstützen.
Teaching-learning methods and their influence on the development of multiple intelligences of initial education
Authors: Álava José Bernardo Cobeña , Vera Liseth Estefania Aguirre , Tipán Verónica Flores , Pinargote Gissella Valentina Loor
Published: November 2021

When you start in the teaching process in the initial stage, methods are applied to develop the intelligence of the students. At present there are still teachers who apply traditional methodologies and who continue with the scheme where the teacher is the protagonist of learning, without noticing that the educator creates his learning from his need and interest, the teacher should only be a moderator or guide, in this stage. An investigation was carried out to determine the influence of teaching-learning methods in the development of multiple intelligences in initial education. Surveys were applied to teachers, using deductive, bibliographic, descriptive, and historical methods. Several authors were studied, obtaining as a result that teachers must propose challenges and obstacles to students in different subjects, for the student to develop new ways of understanding and learning using the appropriate methodological strategies such as play corners; With this suggestion, it is sought that the teacher is also creative when teaching his class.
THE POTENTIAL OF URBAN FOREST PARK FOR SUSTAINABLE CITY
Authors: Mohamed Noralizawati , Othman Noriah , Ariffin Mohd Hisham
Published: November 2021

The potential of Urban Forest Park and publics' views are clearly pertinent in urban greening and sustainability, yet they are often ignored by certain countries. In line with this, the Town and Country Planning Department and National Landscape Department had taken steps by developing more urban parks and urban forest parks to enhance the quality and sustainability in urban environment. The study was conducted at FRIM(Forest Research Institution of Malaysia) with 375 respondents participated in this study. It is found that the respondents' evaluation on environmental, social and physical contribution at study area is associated with great and intense values for city sustainability. Public opinion and reason to come to the study area should be taken into account by professionals since they are the users and responsible to ensure thesustainability of urban forest for future generation. Even though the overall percentage of survey showed that public gave good expectation, however, the small percentage could be an eye opener as they assumed the existing setting will face big challenge to sustain in the future.
THE CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTES IN KLANG VALLEY, MALAYSIA
Authors: Eusuf Muhammad Abu , Ibrahim Mansor , Islam Rafikul
Published: November 2021

Numerous activities in construction and demolition (C&D) projects are generally considered as complex and di stant that may affect surrounding environment and public health. Construction, remodell ing, repairing, refurbishing or demotion works of buildings and other infrastructures such as roads generate huge amounts of hazardous and non-hazardous materials. In the present work, an attempt has been made to highlight a number of issues in C&D waste management in the Klang valley of Malaysia and which then discusses the current traditions of managing those materials in Malaysian perspectives. The paper concludes with a number of recommendations that can help to improve C&D waste management in Malaysia national perspectives.
IMPACTS OF URBAN LAND USE ON CRIME PATTERNS THROUGH GIS APPLICATION
Authors: Muhamad Ludin Ahmad Nazri , Abd. Aziz Norsiah , Hj Yusoff Nooraini , Wan Abd Razak Wan Juliyana
Published: November 2021

Land use planning plays a crucial role in creating a balance between the needs of society, physical development and the ecosystem. However, most often poor planning and displacement of land uses particularly in urban areas contribute to social ills such as drug abuse and criminal activities. This research explains the spatial relationship of drug abuse and other criminal activities on urban land use planning and their implications on the society at large. Spatial statistics was used to show patterns, trends and spatial relationships of crimes and land use planning. Data on crime incidents were obtained from the Royal Malaysia Police Department whilst cases of drug abuse were collected from the National Anti-Drug Agency (AADK). Analysis of the data together with digital land use maps produced by Arnpang Jaya Municipal Council, showed the distribution of crime incidents and drug abuse in the area. Findings of the study also indicated that, there was a strong relationship between petty crimes, drng abuse and land use patterns. These criminal activities tend to concentrate in residential and commercial areas of the study area.
ASSESSMENT OF NEIGHBOURHOOD AFFORDABILITY BASED ON HOUSING AND TRANSPORTATION COSTS IN KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA
Authors: Sabri Soheil , M. Ludin Ahmad Nazri , Johar Foziah
Published: November 2021

One of the primary aims of transit-oriented development (TOD) is to reduce auto dependency, especially for low-income as well as senior residents. This study aims at providing some guiding principles for development of affordable housing with respect to TOD concept. As such, the study employed an index called Affordability Index (AI) and adapted for the study area to assess the neighbourhoods' affordability. It is composed of housing cost, household transportation cost, and household income. The analyses were conducted on three neighbourhoods in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The results reveal that the AI is lower for both owners and renters in the neighbourhood farther away from the LRT station, where there is less public transit facility, despite the existence of more affordable housing. On the contrary, the index is high in the neighbourhood where the distance to LRT station is shorter, connectivity index is higher, and there are more public transport facilities, despite the presence of high- and medium-cost housings. These findings can be used to plan for suitable public transport facilities in view of neighbourhood affordability.
THE RELIABILITY TEST OF VISUAL LANDSCAPE FEATURES MEASUREMENT IN HIGHLANDS TOURISM PLANNING
Authors: Hosni Nafisa , Yusoff Nooraini , Ismail Hairul Nizam
Published: November 2021

Utilizing accessible data in objective measurement of visual landscape can assist planners and landscape architects to assess and understand the landscape in a technical sense. This approach requires minimal digital physical data provided by various agencies. As with this approach, the study tests the validity of objective measurement in visual landscape using the photography method for perceptual testing in 48 test scenes. The correlations between these assessments are carried out; the result of which demonstrated that the measurement used in the study for visual landscape assessment is statistically acceptable for application with significant correlation (p<O.O I) and moderate association (0.446). In the local context this study found that village is more preferable than other built up areas. The agriculture views which are dominated in the scene are preferable than the agriculture that present in the middle ground view only. It is also found the quality of the agriculture view is influenced by the condition and manageable view, whereas the combination of forest and agriculture at the foreground and middle ground is less attractive. The study has provided more reliable objective measurement of visual landscape for highlands tourism planning.
AWARENESS BY KUALA LUMPUR CITY HALL STAFFS FOR SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN (CPTED)
Authors: Shamsuddin Shuhana , Azim Hussin Natasha
Published: November 2021

A city that is free from all forms of crime and criminal threats will able to create a community that has quality human capital. Both crimes and the fear of crime have a significant impact on the quality of life. A safe city is a key to the success of community development, urban development and nation building. Rising of crime index for past six years in Kuala Lumpur is questionable whether CPTED has been successfully carried out by the KLCH in creating a safe urban environment for people to live in. Urban development Plans should make safety primary criteria in making the city successful and livable. This research aims to investigate the awareness level of Kuala Lumpur City Hall (KLCH) implementer in implementing the Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) which was introduced in 2004 by the Malaysian Government. A mixed method research approach was adopted employing a questionnaire survey and in depth interview with a sample of officers and technician of KLCH whose scope of work includes the implementation of CPTED. The findings suggest that the existing level of awareness is still low with the lack of awareness on CPTED due to the limited knowledge and poor understanding of CPTED concept and implementation. However, it was also found that the implementers of KLCH are beginning to develop an awareness of the importance of safety urban environment and are beginning to consider the capability of the built environment in reducing both, the fear of crime and the actual crime from happening. Successful CPTED implementation will be a meaningful contribution towards the creation of a safe city that is livable for the urban community in Kuala Lumpur therefore helping to improve their quality of life.
SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT IN LOWER KINABATANGAN, SABAH: ISSUES AND CURRENT PRACTICES
Authors: Abdul Latip Normah , Badarulzaman Nurwati , Marzuki Azizan , Umar Mohd Umzarulazijo
Published: November 2021

Since 1992, when the first United Nationsâ€™ Earth Summit was held in Rio de Janeiro, sustainable forest management (SFM) has been increasingly used to maintain a balance between social, economic and environmental development. In line with this, the successful implementation of SFM depends in large measure on the involvement of all the stakeholders. However, in the Lower Kinabatangan area, not all the stakeholders, especially the local community, are involved in the decision making process when it comes to forest management. The primary objective of this research is to explore the views of the three major stakeholders (Government, Private Sector and Local Community) with regard to issues concerning the environment, the current methods of forest management and the factors that are having an impact on SFM in Lower Kinabatangan. The quantitative method was used in this research and the data was obtained through questionnaires which were distributed to a stratified sample of the target population of stakeholders. Of the 160 questionnaires that were distributed, 115 or 56% of them were returned. The data analysis revealed some similarities and differences in the viewpoints of the stakeholders. It was found from this research that the majority of the respondents were in favour of improving forest management as a way to solve the environmental issues that have arisen in Lower Kinabatangan.
COMMUTERS PERCEPTIONS ON RAIL BASED PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES: A CASE STUDY OF KTM KOMUTER IN KUALA LUMPUR CITY, MALAYSIA
Authors: Bachok Syahriah , Mohamed Osman Mariana , Khalid Ummi Aqilah , Ibrahim Mansor
Published: November 2021

In facing the challenges of urban traffic congestion, when people are becoming more dependent on private vehicles, public transportation services should be functioning effectively as attractive alternative modes. This research evaluates how rail public transport users perceive day to day quality of the provided services. The study investigates commutersâ€Ÿ satisfaction levels of various trip making aspects on board KTM Komuter trains, a commuter services operated by the company Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB), a heavy rail operator in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A systematic probabilistic sampling questionnaire survey was conducted among the users during the month of December 2011 until March 2012. A sample of 1000 questionnaire forms returned by respondents have been gathered for purposes of ascertaining the overall satisfaction level and analysis on selected aspects of the performance indicators. The results have shown that the majority of the respondents perceived KTM Komuter services to be below the levels that the users had expected, especially the non-adherence to published schedule and travel times, frequency or headways, capacity, the physical conditions of the rail coaches and the information on delays. Most of them expected better services to increase their satisfaction levels. Hence, it is concluded that for the rail public transportation to be sustainable and continuously relevant, the operator has to increase KTM Komuterâ€Ÿs effectiveness and efficiency or the services have to in the least remain attractive to the existing users.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING USE OF MOTORCARS IN INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA
Authors: Abdul Rahim Nelza Lyana , Kadar Hamsa Abdul Azeez
Published: November 2021

Trends in transport have been changing and will continue to change over the next few years. A number of issues on the national and international transport scene have driven a need for organisations such as the Universities to further develop a sustainable transport strategy to encourage use of sustainable transport modes to achieve better environmental qualities on-campus. This research highlights the factors influencing the choice of using motorcars among student population for trips on-campus. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to collect data on "trip-makers" and "trip-making" characteristics and "preference to use motorcars as their main travel mode choice". The questionnaires were distributed to the student population who use motorcars oncampus. The total sample size selected was 100 and samples were selected from each Mahallah (hostel) by using stratified sampling method. The factors influencing use of motorcars on-campus was analysed using Pearson Chi- Square, Pearsonâ€™s Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient and t-test. The preference of the respondents on the measures that should be implemented to attract students to travel by sustainable transport modes such as walking, cycling, carpooling, or using public transportation are also discussed. The factors such as â€œyear of studyâ€, â€œvehicle registration statusâ€, â€œtravel time by walking from Mahallah (hostel) to Kulliyyah (faculty)â€ and â€œexperienced delay time to the Kulliyyahâ€ were found to influence the use of motorcars on-campus. 86% of the respondents were willing to shift from using motorcars to sustainable transportation modes. Recommendations to realize the willingness to shift from motorcars to other travel modes include: formulation of policy by the University authority to reduce the over-dependence on motorcars on campus; provision and management of efficient and effective public transportation services on-campus; provision and improvement of infrastructure to facilitate walking and cycling on-campus and strict enforcement on the use of illegal motorcars on-campus.
UNDERSTANDING LAND IDLING AS A STRATEGIC BEHAVIOUR: A BRIEF NOTE USING THE REAL OPTIONS APPROACH
Authors: Khalid Haniza
Published: November 2021

One possible explanation for land idling in a rapidly transforming economy can be found by looking at the value of the option to wait and hysteresis behaviour in the land market. If investors assume that the drop is temporary and that its long term prospects outweigh current holding losses, the market will observe some form of a zone of inactivity i.e., no selling and no additional buying. The fact that landowners elect to keep their valuable land underdeveloped for prolonged periods of time suggests that idled land is more flexible and valuable than what the current market price suggests. If the revenue from farming is insufficient to sustain the activity, land is left idle; although this operational decision is open to continuous revision. The numerical example shown in the paper shows that price of land can be substantially bolstered by the option to wait embedded in land. We argue that land market prices are based on more than the landâ€™s total present value of its future income stream. In a transforming economy, the option to wait and change land-use are especially important to consider. Policy-wise, the government can discourage land idling by ensuring appropriate and suitable zoning of agricultural areas, strong adherence to the zoning conditions/plans as well as more far-sighted land conversion decisions. These efforts can go a long way to reduce the source and degree of uncertainty which is the most important cause of real option premium in land prices. Based on the nature and type of data available, future directions of research should emphasize on empirical testing of real options premium in sale prices of agricultural land.