bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ideal-Theoretic Strategies for Asymptotic Approximation of Marginal Likelihood Integrals
Authors: Lin Shaowei
Published: February 2017

The accurate asymptotic evaluation of marginal likelihood integrals is a fundamental problem in Bayesian statistics. Following the approach introduced by Watanabe, we translate this into a problem of computational algebraic geometry, namely, to determine the real log canonical threshold of a polynomial ideal, and we present effective methods for solving this problem. Our results are based on resolution of singularities. They apply to parametric models where the Kullback-Leibler distance is upper and lower bounded by scalar multiples of some sum of squared real analytic functions. Such models include finite state discrete models.
RESENHA BARATA, R. B. Como e por que as desigualdades sociais fazem mal à saúde. Rio de Janeiro: Editora da FIOCRUZ, 2009. (Coleção Temas de Saúde)
Authors: De Andreazzi Maria de Fátima Siliansky
Published: February 2017

A Saúde Coletiva brasileira é uma herdeira do movimento de crítica a uma concepção do processo saúde-doença decorrente de interações biológicas do tipo agente-hospedeiro ou decorrente de uma multiplicidade não hierarquizada de fatores de risco.  Nessa crítica, formulada durante os tormentosos anos 60 e desenvolvida nos vinte anos seguintes por intelectuais da América Latina. De proeminência científica incontestável, o social deixa de ser mais um fator de risco cuja relação com as doenças está por ser estabelecida com significância estatística. O social, na sua historicidade e, portanto, na sua potencialidade de mudança, é a própria determinação do processo, deixando de poder existir uma história natural, mas uma história social da doença.
A RESISTÊNCIA AOS GRANDES PROJETOS DE MINERAÇÃO DO FERRO NO SUDESTE PARAENSE
Authors: Congilio Celia Regina , Moreira Edma do Socorro Silva
Published: February 2017

O texto discute a exploração extrativista do ferro no sudeste paraense que se constitui importante aporte na expansão capitalista e na composição das exportações brasileiras. Ao mesmo tempo reconhece que tal expansão se reverte em processo nocivo para as florestas amazônicas, onde áreas imensas ficam sujeitas à destruição, inclusive dos meios de vida da população expropriada, constituída de trabalhadores urbanos, camponeses, indígenas e ribeirinhos. Conclui que, embora desse movimento restem pobreza e a ruína ambiental, formas de resistências são articuladas na busca de forças para que se estabeleçam condições mais favoráveis aos trabalhadores no constante motor da história da humanidade, a luta de classes.Palavras-chave: Extrativismo mineral, lutas, resistências.
A POBREZA ENQUANTO CATEGORIA TEÓRICA DE FUNDAMENTAÇÃO E FOCO DE INTERVENÇÃO DOS PROGRAMAS DE TRANSFERÊNCIA DE RENDA NA AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Silva Maria Ozanira da Silva e
Published: February 2017

O artigo, referenciado em estudo exploratório, bibliográfico e documental, tem como foco de discussão a pobreza enquanto categoria teórica determinante na formulação e implementação dos Programas de Transferência de Renda Condicionada (PTRC) na América Latina. A pobreza é apresentada e problematizada tendo como principal determinação a estrutura social, sendo também considerado seu caráter multidimensional. Segue destacando conteúdos e significados que a categoria pobreza, representa no contexto desses programas para fundamentar concepções e orientar sua implementação. É destacada a atribuição de conteúdos individualizantes e discriminatórios à população beneficiária e sua responsabilização pela superação da pobreza intergeracional na qual está imersa.Palavras-chave: Programas de Transferência de Renda, pobreza, América Latina.
DESARROLLO Y ACTUALIDAD DE LA PROTECCIÓN SOCIAL EN AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Soto Silvia Gabriela Fernández
Published: February 2017

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo problematizar las recientes estrategias de protección social en América Latina, observando la expansión e institucionalización de los programas de transferencia de renta condicionada. Se basa en un estudio exploratorio, bibliográfico y documental. Es en el contexto de crisis y conflictividad social de fines de siglo XX y principios de siglo XXI, en un contexto de desocupación y extensión de las condiciones precarias de trabajo; que cobran relevancia los Programas de Transferencias de Renta Condicionadas (PTRC). Se han instalado en el repertorio de políticas sociales desarrollados por la mayoría de los países en América Latina para el contingente creciente de desocupados y pobres, configurando estrategias político- institucionales que se hacen masivas a inicios del Siglo XXI, institucionalizándose en los formatos de protección social emergentes. Estos programas se identifican por estar focalizados hacia los hogares pobres, con el objetivo de mejorar las condiciones de vida de las familias con niños y niñas en “situación de vulnerabilidad”, con una perspectiva de “capital humano”, incluyendo condicionalidades en educación y salud. Se enmarcan en el debate de la protección social centrada en un tipo de "universalismo" adjetivado como “mínimo/básico”, que pretende romper el “círculo intergeneracional de la pobreza”. Analizamos el sentido socio-histórico que adquieren estos programas en relación a transformaciones sociales más generales.Palabras claves: Protección social, crisis, Transferencia de Renta Condicionada.
NEOLIBERALISMO E SEUS IMPACTOS NO MUNDO DO TRABALHO: transformações e desafios frente a informalidade
Authors: Silva Andrea Alice Rodrigues , Alves Leda Maria Oliveira , Carvalho Giselly da Luz , Sousa Maria José Rodrigues de , Beserra Maria dos Remédios
Published: February 2017

O presente trabalho situa-se no âmbito deuma pesquisa cujo objetivo principal é analisar as condições de trabalho dos catadores de lixo, levando-se em consideração as práticas de reaproveitamento desenvolvidas nesse trabalho específico. Entendendo o catador de lixo como integrante da classe trabalhadora, a reflexão propõe ser imprescindível discutir acerca da categoria trabalho, bem como sobre as mudanças sucedidas no decorrer da história, dando ênfase ao capitalismo e o seu modelo de acumulação, o Toyotismo. Destaca que no contexto propiciado pela emersão de várias formas de trabalho, encontra-se o trabalho informal e, de modo particular, o catador de lixo.Palavras-chave: Trabalho, catador de lixo, neodesenvolvimentismo.
AMAZÔNIA MARANHENSE: campo de conflitos e interesses
Authors: Almeida Desni Lopes
Published: February 2017

O texto aborda os impactos decorrentes da implantação de grandes projetos na região da Amazônia maranhense. Demarca que a Amazônia maranhense, região periférica do Brasil, tem sido espaço de inúmeros projetos desenvolvimentistas, principalmente desde os anos 1950. Argumenta que, apesar das promessas de desenvolvimento, o que tem ocorrido concretamente é um processo crescente de exploração dos recursos naturais e a intensificação de conflitos sociais, principalmente os ligados à questão agrária, o que faz com que o Maranhão figure como um dos principais pontos de conflitos no campo do Brasil. Considera que, marcada pela forte presença do latifúndio, trabalho escravo, violência contra lideranças rurais e extrema pobreza, a questão agrária no Maranhão é uma síntese da realidade agrária no país.Palavras-chave: Amazônia maranhense, conflito, questão agrária.
O TRABALHO DAS MULHERES DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR À INDÚSTRIA CAPITALISTA CONTEMPORÂNEA E A INCIDÊNCIA DOS MITOS NAS RELAÇÕES DE GÊNERO NA SOCIEDADE PATRIARCAL
Authors: Lemos Silse Teixeira de Freitas
Published: February 2017

A intenção do estudo é perscrutar, no trajeto histórico da formação cultural ocidental, o espaço social das mulheres na esfera do trabalho, mediante a influência de mitos e simbolismos na sociedade patriarcal. Recorre-se à apresentação do significado do mito e à conceituação de gênero estabelecida por Joan Scott. Utiliza-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e situações clássicas sobre o tema para fazer o trajeto histórico do trabalho das mulheres.Palavras-chave: Trabalho das mulheres, mitos, gênero.
PEÕES DO TRANSPORTE E DO TRECHO: mobilidade do trabalho em Barcarena
Authors: Hazeu Marcel , Nascimento Nádia Socorro Fialho , Santana Mylena dos Santos , Ferreira Ana Caroline dos Santos
Published: February 2017

Este texto aborda a mobilidade do trabalho sob a lógica da superexploração do trabalho no contexto do (neo)desenvolvimentismo. Visa analisar a des-re-territorialização de trabalhadores provocada por processos pertinentes ao avanço capitalista na Amazônia. Tem por base um estudo sobre transformações sociais e mobilidade do trabalho e pesquisa empírica efetivada no município paraense de Barcarena, onde a implantação de fábricas e portos transformou a vida da comunidade local. Constata que grande contingente de trabalhadores foi inserido no mercado capitalista de trabalho e transformado em peões do transporte e do trecho para garantir a superexploração. Considera que as localidades envolvidas se tornaram territórios de exploração e passagem, sem a presença de qualquer processo local que poderia ser denominado de desenvolvimento regional.Palavras-chave: Trabalho, migração, Amazônia, Barcarena.
A DUALIDADE HOMEM E NATUREZA: uma análise contextualmente situada em ambiência de riscos e incertezas
Authors: Gonçalves Cláudia Maria da Costa , Pereira Jean Carlos Nunes , Jesus Thiago Allisson Cardoso de
Published: February 2017

Pressupondo a contemporaneidade condicionada aos postulados e paradoxos do capitalismo, coloca-se em suspense o paradigma antropocêntrico, investigando as relações entre homem e natureza. Neste sentido, analisam-se o esquecimento do biocentrismo e a multidimensionalidade do direito ao bem-estar e ao futuro. Discutem-se as relações entre desenvolvimento e proteção ambiental em sociedades marcada pela insaciabilidade do consumo. Perscrutam-se as diversas manifestações da desigualdade em sociedades capitalistas. Com base nas categorias da sociologia reflexiva, fez-se uso das técnicas da pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e da análise do discurso. Por fim, algumas considerações representativas da investigação científica em comento.Palavras-chave: Biocentrismo, sustentabilidade, multidimensionalidade.
Gender, Sexual Orientation, and Rape Myth Acceptance: Preliminary Findings From a Sample of Primarily LGBQ-Identified Survey Respondents
Authors: Schulze Corina , Koon-Magnin Sarah
Published: February 2017

This study is among the first to examine the relationship between sexual orientation and rape myth adherence using a nationwide survey of primarily lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) respondents (n= 184). The more established Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale and a modified Male Rape Survey serve as the primary instruments to test both rape myth adherence and instrument-appropriateness. Results suggest that respondents were most likely to support myths that discredit sexual assault allegations or excuse rape as a biological imperative and least likely to support myths related to physical resistance. Consistent with previous work, men exhibited higher levels of rape myth adherence than women. Regarding sexual orientation, respondents who identified as queer consistently exhibited lower levels of rape myth adherence than respondents who identified as gay.
The Development of Novel Interoceptive Exposure Methods for Inducing Derealization and Depersonalization Symptoms
Authors: Cathey Angela Joyce , Zettle Robert D.
Published: February 2017

Derealization and depersonalization and are commonly experienced by individuals with panic disorder. Although interoceptive exposure (IE) is a key therapeutic component in the treatment of panic disorder, there currently are few recognized ways to elicit reactions that successfully mimic dissociative symptoms commonly experienced during panic. We examined the ability of several novel methods that elicit anomalous and confusing perceptual experiences to induce at least moderately intense dissociative reactions in a college student sample (N = 34). Two of the novel procedures (i.e., stripes and hand) and a task previously identified as effectively eliciting dissociative symptoms, strobe light plus three-dimensional (3D) glasses reliably induced derealization/depersonalization reactions. The implications of these findings for further research and the clinical practice of IE in treatment of panic attacks are discussed.
Teaching Millennials and Generation Z: Bridging the Generational Divide
Authors: Shatto Bobbi , Erwin Kelly
Published: February 2017

Most undergraduate students today are part of the millennial generation. However, the next wave of students—Generation Z—are just beginning to enter universities. Although these groups share many similarities, they each have unique characteristics that create challenges in the classroom. Incorporating technology, engaging students with adaptive learning activities, and understanding basic generational differences are ways to limit the effects of generational conflict while keeping both millennials and Generation Z students engaged in learning. It is important to understand basic differences and distinctions across generations for developing pedagogy that reaches these unique student populations.
Virtual Simulations: A Creative, Evidence-Based Approach to Develop and Educate Nurses
Authors: Leibold Nancyruth , Schwarz Laura
Published: February 2017

The use of virtual simulations in nursing is an innovative strategy that is increasing in application. There are several terms related to virtual simulation; although some are used interchangeably, the meanings are not the same. This article presents examples of virtual simulation, virtual worlds, and virtual patients in continuing education, staff development, and academic nursing education. Virtual simulations in nursing use technology to provide safe, as realistic as possible clinical practice for nurses and nursing students. Virtual simulations are useful for learning new skills; practicing a skill that puts content, high-order thinking, and psychomotor elements together; skill competency learning; and assessment for low-volume, high-risk skills. The purpose of this article is to describe the related terms, examples, uses, theoretical frameworks, challenges, and evidence related to virtual simulations in nursing.
Human Milk Management Redesign: Improving Quality and Safety and Reducing Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nurse Stress
Authors: Settle Margaret Doyle , Coakley Amanda Bulette , Annese Christine Donahue
Published: February 2017

Human milk provides superior nutritional value for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit and is the enteral feeding of choice. Our hospital used the system engineering initiative for patient safety model to evaluate the human milk management system in our neonatal intensive care unit. Nurses described the previous process in a negative way, fraught with opportunities for error, increased stress for nurses, and the need to be away from the bedside and their patients. The redesigned process improved the quality and safety of human milk management and created time for the nurses to spend with their patients.
Establishing a Measurement Tool for a Nursing Work Environment in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Li-Chiu , Lee Huan-Fang , Yen Miaofen
Published: February 2017

Aim: The nursing work environment is a critical global health care problem. Many health care providers are concerned about the associations between the nursing work environment and the outcomes of organizations, nurses, and patients. Nursing work environment instruments have been assessed in the West but have not been considered in Asia. However, different cultures will affect the factorial structure of the tool. Using a stratified nationwide random sample, we created a measurement tool for the nursing work environment in Taiwan. Methods: The Nursing Work Environment Index-Revised Scale and the Essentials of Magnetism scale were used to examine the factorial structure. Item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were used to examine the hypothesis model and generate a new factorial structure. Results: The Taiwan Nursing Work Environment Index (TNWEI) was established to evaluate the nursing work environment in Taiwan. The four factors were labeled “Organizational Support” (7 items), “Nurse Staffing and Resources” (4 items), “Nurse–Physician Collaboration” (4 items), and “Support for Continuing Education” (4 items). The 19 items explained 58.5% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit to the model (χ2/df = 5.99; p < .05, goodness of fit index [GFI] = .90; RMSEA = .07). Conclusion: The TNWEI provides a comprehensive and efficient method for measuring the nurses’ work environment in Taiwan.
School Bullying Case Law: Frequency and Outcomes for School Level, Protected Status, and Bullying Actions
Authors: Holben Diane M. , Zirkel Perry A.
Published: February 2017

Purpose: During the past decade, concern with student bullying incidents has increased. When schools do not halt bullying, victims increasingly choose litigation as a remedy. Although the professional literature identifies the pertinent factors associated with bullying victimization, the available legal analyses have not kept pace. To identify focus areas for preventing bullying litigation, this study quantifies the frequency and outcomes for bullying cases disaggregated by the victims’ school level, protected status classification, and types of bullying actions. Methodology: We analyzed the 239 student bullying court decisions for the 20-year period 1995–2014, identifying the outcomes for each specific legal claim as well as each victim’s school level, protected status classification, and the types of bullying actions. Outcomes were conclusive if the plaintiff or defendant decisively prevailed and inconclusive if additional legal action was required for resolution. The analysis identified the most plaintiff-favorable outcome for each case and disaggregated by these three variables. Findings: The frequency of bullying cases was highest among middle school students, students asserting gender-based claims, and students experiencing both verbal and physical bullying actions. Conclusive outcomes strongly favored district defendants. Conversely, claims based on perceived sexual orientation resulted in the highest rates of inconclusive outcomes. Implications: The pro-district outcomes skew suggests that school administrators should focus on bullying prevention as a matter of educational effectiveness. To the extent that legal defensibility is a significant factor, education leaders should focus their efforts on reducing bullying of middle school students and students displaying gender nonconformity.
Who Am I to Treat This Person? What It Feels Like to Treat a Seriously Disturbed Patient
Authors: Karon Bertram P.
Published: February 2017

Who am I to treat this person? That is what came to mind every time I treated a seriously disturbed patient. I do not know enough, and I have hang-ups. But no one knows enough, and every therapist has hang-ups, although our own analysis helps. We may feel confused, frightened, angry, or hopeless because these are the patient’s feelings. Discussed are creating rational hope, dealing with feelings (including terror), depression, delusions, hallucinations, and suicidal and homicidal dangers. Theory is helpful, but it is not enough. Tolerating not knowing often leads to effective improvisations. Best results were obtained with psychoanalysis or psychoanalytic therapy without medication. Next best was psychoanalytic therapy with initial medication withdrawn as rapidly as the patient can tolerate. Electroconvulsive therapy is discouraged.
Agroecologia nas políticas públicas e promoção da segurança alimentar e nutricional
Authors: Moura Iracema Ferreira de , Souza Cláudia de , Canavesi Flaviane
Published: February 2017

O artigo tem como objetivo apontar avanços, limites e desafios em relação àinstitucionalização da agroecologia no Brasil na perspectiva da garantia da segurança alimentar e nutricional. Para isso, apresentam-se e analisam-se o marco jurídico institucional e as principais políticas públicas que estabelecem as bases para tratar ambos os temas na agenda de governo. O período de análise compreende desde a Política Nacional de Assistência Técnica, em 2003, até o decreto da Política Nacional de Agroecologia e Produção Orgânica, em 2012. No Brasil, vigora a Lei Orgânica de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional no 11.346/2006, cujas ações de governo em torno do tema culminam com o Direito Humano àAlimentação Adequada. Desde a década de 1980, o movimento agroecológico brasileiro reivindica políticas públicas efetivas para o desenvolvimento rural, na perspectiva da construção de um novo modelo de agricultura em bases sustentáveis, consolidado, sobretudo, pela agricultura familiar. No entanto, somente em 2012, instituiu-se a Política Nacional de Agroecologia e Produção Orgânica com grande interface com as ações de segurança alimentar e nutricional num contexto da hegemonia do agronegócio voltado à exportação de commodities como fator limitante, tanto da transição agroecológica, quanto na garantia da segurança alimentar e nutricional.
Do campo à escola: compra de alimentos da agricultura familiar pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar em Territórios da Cidadania de Goiás
Authors: Alexandre Veruska Prado , Gomes Luciana Oliveira Froes , Silva Simoni Urbano , Almeida Géssica Mércia , Martins Karine Anusca , Monego Estelamaris Tronco , Sousa Lucilene Maria , Campos Maria Raquel Hidalgo
Published: February 2017

Este artigo relata resultados da promoção da compra da agricultura familiar (AF) pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) em municípios goianos, descrevendo a adequação das ações frente a legislação, os desafios e as soluções para a execução do programa. O estudo de intervenção foi desenvolvido em cinco etapas, entre fevereiro de 2012 e outubro de 2013, em 25 municípios de dois territórios da cidadania de Goiás, com a participação de gestor do PNAE e da agricultura, conselheiros da alimentação escolar, nutricionistas e agricultores familiares. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas, diários e memórias. Dados quantitativos foram expressos em frequência simples e os qualitativos por categorias temáticas. Os resultados revelaram maior relato de articulações com a AF por todos os atores sociais, do mapeamento da produção pelo gestor PNAE e nutricionista e inserção de alimentos da AF nos cardápios. Houve um aumento de 10% para 60% no número de municípios que adquiriram produtos da AF no Território do Vale do Paraná. O porcentual de compra mais frequente foi de 20 a 29% em ambos territórios. As reflexões finais abordam questões de ordem política, institucional e agrícola/agrária, bem como pontos centrais para a efetivação do PNAE.
Enantioselective Transamination in Continuous Flow Mode with Transaminase Immobilized in a Macrocellular Silica Monolith
Authors: van den Biggelaar Ludivine , Soumillion Patrice , Debecker Damien P.
Published: February 2017

ω-Transaminases have been immobilized on macrocellular silica monoliths and used as heterogeneous biocatalysts in a continuous flow mode enantioselective transamination reaction. The support was prepared by a sol-gel method based on emulsion templating. The enzyme was immobilized on the structured silica monoliths both by adsorption, and by covalent grafting using amino-functionalized silica monoliths and glutaraldehyde as a coupling agent. A simple reactor set-up based on the use of a heat-shrinkable Teflon tube is presented and successfully used for the continuous flow kinetic resolution of a chiral amine, 4-bromo-α-methylbenzylamine. The porous structure of the supports ensures effective mass transfer and the reactor works in the plug flow regime without preferential flow paths. When immobilized in the monolith and used in the flow reactor, transaminases retain their activity and their enantioselectivity. The solid biocatalyst is also shown to be stable both on stream and during storage. These essential features pave the way to the successful development of an environmentally friendly process for chiral amines production.
A Study on Applying Biomass Fraction for GHG Emission Estimation of Sewage Sludge Incinerator in Korea: A Case Study
Authors: Kang Seongmin , Kim Seungjin , Lee Jeongwoo , Jeon Youngjae , Kim Ki-Hyun , Jeon Eui-chan
Published: February 2017

According to the IPCC guidelines, CO2 emissions from biomass should be excluded from the entire amount of CO2 emissions when calculating CO2 emissions and should be separately reported due to the “carbon neutrality.” Sewage sludge is one of the representative biomass fuels. And it is mixed with fossil fuels in terms of greenhouse gas reduction or is used as fuel to replace fossil fuels by itself. According to the results of this study, biomass contents of both the sewage sludge and the sewage sludge incineration exhaust gases did not amount to 100%. At present, in many countries(South Korea, Japan, and Germany), when calculating greenhouse gas emissions from sewage sludge incinerator, all CO2 emissions from sewage sludge are judged to be biomass and only those greenhouse gas emissions that correspond to Non-CO2 gases are calculated as greenhouse gas emissions. However, since, according our results, the content of sewage sludge is not 100% biomass, if CO2 emissions are excluded according to the existing greenhouse gas emission calculation method, the amount of emissions may be underestimated. Therefore, to accurately calculate greenhouse gas emissions from sewage sludge incinerator, CO2 emissions should be calculated in consideration of the fossil carbon contents of sewage sludge.
Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery System for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Nakamura Kazufumi , Matsubara Hiromi , Akagi Satoshi , Sarashina Toshihiro , Ejiri Kentaro , Kawakita Norifumi , Yoshida Masashi , Miyoshi Toru , Watanabe Atsuyuki , NIshii Nobuhiro , Ito Hiroshi
Published: February 2017

Nanoparticles have been used as a novel drug delivery system. Drug-incorporated nanoparticles for local delivery might optimize the efficacy and minimize the side effects of drugs. The efficacy and safety of intratracheal administration of prostacyclin analog (beraprost)-incorporated nanoparticles and imatinib, a PDGF-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, -incorporated nanoparticles in Sugen-hypoxia-normoxia or monocrotaline rat models of PAH and in human PAH-pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells have been reported. The use of inhaled drug-incorporated nanoparticles might be a novel approach for treatment of PAH.
The Use of the h-Index in Academic Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Bastian Sevag , Ippolito Joseph A. , Lopez Santiago A. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Beebe Kathleen S.
Published: February 2017

Background:

The Hirsch index (h-index), widely considered a valuable measure of assessing academic productivity, has been studied in various medical and surgical specialties and has shown strong associations between higher h-indices and academic promotion, as well as with National Institutes of Health (NIH) awards. Additionally, the m-index and e-index may complement the h-index in this assessment of merit. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the h, m, and e-indices and academic rank for 2,061 academic orthopaedic surgeons in the United States.

Methods:

The h-indices of faculty members from 120 academic orthopaedic surgery residency programs were organized and calculated using the Scopus and Google Scholar databases. Additionally, m-index and e-index scores were calculated from Google Scholar. After application of exclusion criteria, 2,061 academic orthopaedic surgeons were included.

Results:

Academic rank (assistant professor, associate professor, professor, and chair) increases as mean h-index, m-index, and e-index scores increase. Among 976 assistant professors, 504 associate professors, 461 professors, and 120 chairs, mean h, m, and e-indices increased with each academic rank. In the comparison of male and female surgeons, there was no significant difference in h, m, or e-index scores, with the exception of increased h-index scores among male assistant professors.

Conclusions:

Scholarly impact, as defined by academic productivity and scientific relevance, can be classified by the h-index and supplemented by the m and e-indices. This study has revealed well-defined differences in h, m, and e-indices with regard to academic rank among orthopaedic surgeons. Although the h, m, and e-indices may be of value as adjunct assessment devices for scholarly merit, careful consideration of their limitations must be maintained.
Physical Activities and Lifestyle Factors Related to Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Watanabe Kota , Michikawa Takehiro , Yonezawa Ikuho , Takaso Masashi , Minami Shohei , Soshi Shigeru , Tsuji Takashi , Okada Eijiro , Abe Katsumi , Takahashi Masamichi , Asakura Keiko , Nishiwaki Yuji , Matsumoto Morio
Published: February 2017

Background:

In addition to genetic factors, environmental and lifestyle factors are thought to play an important role in the onset of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore lifestyle factors related to AIS.

Methods:

This study included 2,759 Japanese female junior high school students who planned a secondary screening after an initial moiré topography screening indicated possible scoliosis. The students and their mothers, or guardians, were asked to fill out a questionnaire consisting of 38 questions about demographic factors, lifestyle-related factors, social factors, household environment, participation in sports, health status, and factors related to the mother’s pregnancy and delivery. The questionnaire was completed by 2,747 students (a 99.6% response rate). After excluding students with heart disease, neurological disease, or a congenital vertebral anomaly, 2,600 students were eligible for assessment. After undergoing a secondary screening with standing radiographs of the spine, students were assigned to the normal (control) group if radiographs showed a curve of <15° or to the scoliosis group if they had a curve of ≥15°. The odds ratios (ORs) for AIS in relation to the possible risk or preventive factors were estimated by logistic regression analyses.

Results:

No lifestyle-related factor was significantly associated with AIS. However, AIS was associated with classical ballet training (OR, 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 1.75); the odds of AIS developing increased as the child’s frequency of training, number of years of experience, and duration of training in ballet increased. The OR for AIS was 1.5 times higher for participants whose mothers had scoliosis. AIS was also associated with a low body mass index (BMI). These associations remained even after mutual adjustment was performed.

Conclusions:

No association was found between AIS and lifestyle-related factors. However, classical ballet training, a family history of scoliosis, and low BMI may be associated with AIS.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Perivascular Stem Cells Diminish Muscle Atrophy Following Massive Rotator Cuff Tears in a Small Animal Model
Authors: Eliasberg Claire D. , Dar Ayelet , Jensen Andrew R. , Murray Iain R. , Hardy Winters R. , Kowalski Tomasz J. , Garagozlo Cameron A. , Natsuhara Kyle M. , Khan Adam Z. , McBride Owen J. , Cha Peter I. , Kelley Benjamin V. , Evseenko Denis , Feeley Brian T. , McAllister David R. , Péault Bruno , Petrigliano Frank A.
Published: February 2017

Background:

Rotator cuff tears are a common cause of shoulder pain and often necessitate operative repair. Muscle atrophy, fibrosis, and fatty infiltration can develop after rotator cuff tears, which may compromise surgical outcomes. This study investigated the regenerative potential of 2 human adipose-derived progenitor cell lineages in a murine model of massive rotator cuff tears.

Methods:

Ninety immunodeficient mice were used (15 groups of 6 mice). Mice were assigned to 1 of 3 surgical procedures: sham, supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon transection (TT), or TT and denervation via suprascapular nerve transection (TT + DN). Perivascular stem cells (PSCs) were harvested from human lipoaspirate and sorted using fluorescence-activated cell sorting into pericytes (CD146+ CD34− CD45− CD31−) and adventitial cells (CD146− CD34+ CD45− CD31−). Mice received no injection, injection with saline solution, or injection with pericytes or adventitial cells either at the time of the index procedure (“prophylactic”) or at 2 weeks following the index surgery (“therapeutic”). Muscles were harvested 6 weeks following the index procedure. Wet muscle weight, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, fibrosis, and fatty infiltration were analyzed.

Results:

PSC treatment after TT (prophylactic or therapeutic injections) and after TT + DN (therapeutic injections) resulted in less muscle weight loss and greater muscle fiber cross-sectional area than was demonstrated for controls (p < 0.05). The TT + DN groups treated with pericytes at either time point or with adventitial cells at 2 weeks postoperatively had less fibrosis than the TT + DN controls. There was less fatty infiltration in the TT groups treated with pericytes at either time point or with adventitial cells at the time of surgery compared with controls.

Conclusions:

Our findings demonstrated significantly less muscle atrophy in the groups treated with PSCs compared with controls. This suggests that the use of PSCs may have a role in the prevention of muscle atrophy without leading to increased fibrosis or fatty infiltration.

Clinical Relevance:

Improved muscle quality in the setting of rotator cuff tears may increase the success rates of surgical repair and lead to superior clinical outcomes.
Diagnosis, Imaging, and Surgical Repair of Meniscal Tears: An Update
Authors: Fort Hayley
Published: February 2017

Knee pathology represents one of the most common presentations in orthopaedic and sports medicine settings. Meniscal tears represent a large percentage of this pathology and are a common instigator of knee pain. Current literature that was analyzed for this article focuses on utilization of high-resolution ultrasound for the diagnosis of meniscal tears rather than magnetic resonance imaging. This review presents the benefits of ultrasonography and delves into the feasibility of introducing this as a diagnostic modality. For meniscal tear treatment, data demonstrating the degenerative osteochondral damage identified after meniscectomy as well as modalities for successful repair of avascular tears were also reviewed in the literature.
Keragaman Genetik Kultivar Padi Beras Hitam Lokal Berdasarkan Penanda Mikrosatelit
Authors: Kristamtini Kristamtini , Taryono Taryono , Basunanda Panjisakti , Murti Rudi H.
Published: February 2017

Indonesia has diverse
accessions of local black rice, which are important sources
of germplasm. However, some of the local black rice
cultivars have different names, leading a need to be
identified to determine their genetic diversity using
molecular marker. This study aimed to identify genetic
diversity of eleven cultivars of local black rice, collection of
the Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology,
Yogyakarta and compared them with two white rice
varieties using four microsatellite markers. Detection of
microsatellite alleles polymorphism was carried out by
visualization of PCR amplicons by electrophoresis on
agarose gel. To estimate their genetic diversity, phylogenetic
tree and principal coordinate analysis were performed using
binary data of SSR alleles. The results revealed that total
markers enabled to differentiate black rice cultivars as
reflected by high value of polymorphic information content
(PIC) mean (0.695). This value was consistent with the high
genetic diversity of black rice (genetic diversity index, h =
0.283) in comparison with white rice cultivars (h = 0.020).
The phylogenetic and main coordinate analyses suggested
that black rice cultivars genetically differed from white rice.
The local black rice cultivars were preferentially grouped
based on their genetic those were distributed in three
coordinates and did not represent their local geographic
origin. Genetic diversity analysis in this study will be useful
as an initial basis for proper identification and selection for
appropriate parents to assist breeding program of black rice
in Indonesia.
Penggunaan Aksis Jantung Pisang untuk Penyediaan Sumber Eksplan Bebas Bakteri
Authors: Roostika Ika , Supriyati Yati , Sutanto Agus
Published: February 2017

The sterile culture is very important in cryopreservation works. Bacterial-free explant sources are difficult to obtain during in
vitro culture of banana. Floral bud is expected as bacterial-free explant sources because the organ emerges above the ground
and protected by bracts. The purposes of this study are to obtain optimal concentration of BA to regenerate male bud floral
axis explants of Barangan variety and to prove that cultures derived from these explants were free from bacterial
contamination. Two-millimeter pieces of male bud floral axis of Barangan variety were planted on MS medium containing of 1
μM IAA, 200 g/l CH, and 2% sucrose. Experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with the treatment of BA (5,
10, 15, 20, and 25 μM) in 10 replications. Subculture was conducted by using MS media containing of 10 μM BA and 1 μM IAA.
The variable observed were percentage of browning, number of nodules, number of shoots, number of normal shoots,
number of abnormal shoots, and number of nonsurvived shoots. The screening towards bacterial contamination was
conducted by using medium containing of 10 g/l trypton, 10 g/l glucose, and 5 g/l yeast extract. The results showed that the
explants could regenerate into shoots. The 25 μM BA was the best treatment because it could produce the highest number of
total and normal shoots, i.e. 9.2 shoots/explant and 6 shoots/explant, respectively. All of the shoots regenerated from male bud
floral axis were 100% free from bacterial contamination, whereas all of the shoots regenerated from suckers were
contaminated by bacteria.
Penyimpanan In Vitro Tanaman Obat Daun Dewa melalui Pertumbuhan Minimal
Authors: Lestari Endang G. , Purnamaningsih Ragapadmi
Published: February 2017

Daun dewa (Gynura Procumbens) is a medicinal crop commonly used to remedy cancer, diabetes, and dermatitis. It has a bright prospect for future used. Plant preservations through tissue culture is done to anticipate an urgent need. An experiment was carried out to in vitro preservation of Daun Dewa by the minimum growth and regeneration to examine viability of the culture after the preservation. Terminal shoots (±1 cm) were cultured on a 1/2 MS basic medium + paclobutrazol (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/l) or ABA (1, 2, and 5 mg/l). The trial was arranged in a, completely randomized with 10 replications. The results showed a three-month preservation of the culture on a medium containing ABA inhibited proliferation and expansion of the plant shoots. Increasing ABA concentrations up to 5 mg/l, according to the shoot-growth inhibition, resulted in the height of 0.6 cm. After three month preservation, the shoots were able to produce roots. After 12 month preservation, the optimum capacity of growth inhibition was shown on 1/2 MS medium + ABA (1, 3, and 5 mg/l). The application of paclobutrazol (1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/l) in the medium produced low multiplication level of shoots, the length of the shoots remains higher than those on 1/2 MS medium without paclobutrazol. Seven months after preservation, viability of the plants was still high when cultured on MS medium + 2 mg/l BA combined with paclobutrazol and ABA as previously given. In addition, the rooted culture could be directly acclimatized in the glasshouse. The lowest number of shoot and shortest shoot after 12 month preservation period was found on the medium containing 5 mg/l ABA and 4 mg/l paclobutrazol, this treatment produced two shoots of 4 cm long. The best medium for the explant regeneration after 7 month preservation was MS + 2 mg/l BA. The plant shoots produced roots directly after they were acclimatized in the glasshouse.
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Aktinomisetes Penghasil Antibakteri Enteropatogen Escherichia coli K1.1, Pseudomonas pseudomallei 02 05, dan Listeria monocytogenes 5407
Authors: Susilowati Dwi Ningsih , Hastuti Ratih Dewi , Yuniarti Erny
Published: February 2017

Isolation and Characterization of Actinomycetes Producing
Antibacterial Compound into Enteropatogenik
Escherichia coli K1.1, Pseudomonas pseudomallei 02 05
and Listeria monocytogenes 5407. Dwi N. Susilowati,
Ratih D. Hastuti, and Erny Yuniarti. The resistance of
bacterial pathogens to some antibacterial agents and side
effects of the antibacterial usage demanded discovery of
new effective, safe, and active antibacterial compounds.
Some pathogenic bacteria, such as enteropathogen Escherichia
coli (EPEC) that cause diarrhoea on children and
infants, Pseudomonas pseudomallei that cause melioidosis
on human and animal, and Listeria monocytogenes that
cause listeriosis on newly born babies mortality and death of
pregnant woman. Actinomycetes is the largest bacterial
group that produce antibiotics. More than 10,000 antibacterial
compounds had been discovered, two-third of
them were produced by this bacterial group. A study was
done to isolate and characterize Actinomycetes producing
antibacterial compounds effective against EPEC K1.1 and P.
pseudomallei 02 05. Soil samples were taken from 39
locations in Indonesia and 115 actinomycetes isolates were
obtained. Two of the isolates, i.e., isolate A3.5 that was
effective against P. pseudomallei 02 05 and isolate F6.1 that
was effective against EPEC K1.1 evaluated further. The
isolate A3.5 had an optimum time 72 hours to produce antibacterial
compound, while F6.1 took 96 hours. The antibacterial
compounds produced by both isolates were dissolve
in the a 70% ethyl acetate solution, but not in a 40oC
warm methanol solution because it is very dissolved. The
antibacterial compound extracted from the isolate A3.5 had
a similar effectiveness to antibiotics bacithracyn 10 unit and
neomycin 30 g. On the other hand, the antibacterial
compound extracted from isolate F6.1 had a similar effectiveness
to antibiotics colistin 10 g and doxyciclin 30 g.
Further identification of the isolates suggested that both of
them belongs to the genera Streptomyces.
Pengujian Nomor-nomor Harapan Padi Tahan Al dan pH Rendah Hasil Seleksi In Vitro dengan Kultur Hara
Authors: Purnamaningsih Ragapadmi , Mariska Ika
Published: February 2017

Rice productivity in acid soil is very low because of low pH,
low availability of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mo, toxicity of Al and Mn.
Development of Al tolerant varieties could increase rice
productivity in acid soil. Somaclonal variation and in vitro
selection method can be used to develop new Al tolerance
varieties. A rapid screening method is needed to select a
large number of new genotypes or new inbred lines in plant
breeding, such as solution culture methods to evalu-ate Altolerant
rice. This methods was used to know the response
to Al in the seedling stage, root development, and pH
changing. In this experiment solution culture method was
used to evaluate the new genotypes derived from somaclonal
variation and in vitro selection methods. These new
genotypes have been tested the tolerance characteristic by
using AlCl36H2O at 6 concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, 400,
and 500 ppm). Yoshida solution with two Al concentration
were used to tested these genotypes. Measurement of Al
tolerance was based on root development by using Relative
Root Length (RRL), the relativity of root length at 45 ppm and
0 ppm. Almost all of the genotypes have RRLs higher than
0.7, which means that there was a positive correlation
between the in vitro method and solution culture method. In
this experiment pH changes were not applicable to measure
the tolerance of the rice genotypes to Al and low pH.
Analisis Integrasi dan Segregasi Gen Ketahanan terhadap Hawar Daun pada Progeni F1 Hasil Persilangan Tanaman Kentang Transgenik dengan Non Transgenik
Authors: Ambarwati Alberta Dinar , Purwito Agus , Herman Muhamad , Sumaraow S. M. , Aswidinnoor Hajrial
Published: February 2017

Potato late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans is one of the most devastating plant diseases. Potato yield losses due to this disease ranged from 47-100%. Frequent intervals and high rates of fungicide spray, currently practiced by potato growers to control the disease are expensive. Host resistance is an alternative control measure that is more economically and environmentally sustainable. Development of late blight resistant plants was conducted by crossing RB transgenic Katahdin SP904 and
SP951 as male and two susceptible (Atlantic, Granola) varieties as female parents. F1 progenies were molecularly characterized for the integration of the RB transgene and evaluated for their segregations. Crossing data of Atlantic x transgenic Katahdin SP904 and SP951 produced 71 (57.72%)
berries with average number of seeds per berry 139.58 and 83 (41.29%) berries with average number of seeds/berry 85.23, respectively. Granola x transgenic Katahdin SP904 and SP951 crosses gave higher results in terms of berry set (79.55 and 84.44%, respectively) than Atlantic x transgenic Katahdin crosses. A total of 554 F1 progenies were analyzed for the
presence of the RB PCR marker. An expected 619-bp and 840-bp band were amplified in the progenies that contain the RB gene. The RB gene was integrated in 65 (45.45%), 77 (47.83%), 47 (45.63%), and 71 (48.30%) F1 progenies of Atlantic x transgenic Katahdin SP904, Atlantic x transgenic Katahdin SP951, Granola x transgenic Katahdin SP904, and
Granola x transgenic Katahdin SP951, respectively. Chisquare tests showed that all the four cross combinations followed a 1 : 1 segregation ratio.
Pengembangan Populasi Mutan Penanda Aktivasi: I. Transformasi Padi Japonica Tropis Lokal Sulawesi cv. Asemandi dengan bantuan Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Sisharmini Atmitri , Apriana Aniversari , Enggraini Wening , Trijatmiko Kurniawan R.
Published: February 2017

The rice transformation technology
is not only provides valuable methods for the introduction
of useful genes into rice plant to improve important
agronomic traits, but also helps in studying gene function
and regulation based on rice genome sequence information.
Knockout of genes by insertional mutagenesis is a straightforward
method to identify gene functions. One of the
methods to develop rice mutants is through genetic transformation
mediated by Agrobacterium using activation
tagging by Ac-Ds system. A study was done with an objective
to obtain mutant rice of local tropical japonica cv. Asemandi
through genetic trans-formation mediated by Agrobacterium
tumefaciens. The transformation was conducted using
Agrobacterium vector with the strain of Agl-1 containing
activation tag construct. The result of experiment showed
that it has been obtained 17 independent line (304 plants)
transgenic Asemandi containing activation tag construct.
These starter lines will be used as materials to develop
several generations of stabil rice mutant through selfing.