bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graphene oxide decorated with gold enables efficient biophotovolatic cells incorporating photosystem I
Authors: Torabi Nahid , Rousseva Sylvia , Chen Qi , Ashrafi Ali , Kermanpur Ahmad , Chiechi Ryan C.
Published: March 2022

This paper describes the use of reduced graphene oxide decorated with gold nanoparticles as an efficient electron transport layer for solid-state biophotovoltic cells containing photosystem I as the sole photo-active component.
Facile solvothermal synthesis of a MIL-47(V) metal–organic framework for a high-performance Epoxy/MOF coating with improved anticorrosion properties
Authors: Zorainy Mahmoud Y. , Sheashea Mohamed , Kaliaguine Serge , Gobara Mohamed , Boffito Daria. C.
Published: March 2022

The well-known MIL-47(V) metal–organic framework was synthesized solvothermally with high quality using V2O5 as a precursor. Applying the MOF particles in an epoxy coating resulted in an improved anticorrosion protective barrier for the AA2024 substrate against a chloride-rich environment.
On the interface reactions and stability of nonfullerene organic solar cells
Authors: Jiang Pei , Hu Lu , Sun Lulu , Li Zhong'an , Han Hongwei , Zhou Yinhua
Published: March 2022

Interface instability of emerging nonfullerene organic solar cells has been discussed, with respect to the phenomena, mechanism of interfacial reactions and strategies proposed to improve the interfacial stability of devices.
Selective CO2 adsorption at low pressure with a Zr-based UiO-67 metal–organic framework functionalized with aminosilanes
Authors: Yoo Dong Kyu , Jhung Sung Hwa
Published: March 2022

MOF UiO-67, although without open metal site, was loaded with aminosilanes for selective CO2 capture. One modified UiO-67 showed a remarkable performance in CO2 adsorption like huge selectivity of 407 which is 163 times that of pristine UiO-67.
Multi-stepwise charge transfer via MOF@MOF/TiO2 dual-heterojunction photocatalysts towards hydrogen evolution
Authors: Chen Yao , Yang Dong , Xin Xin , Yang Zhongshan , Gao Yuchen , Shi Yonghui , Zhao Zhanfeng , An Ke , Wang Wenjing , Tan Jiangdan , Jiang Zhongyi
Published: March 2022

Inspired by photosynthesis, a multi-stepwise charge transfer strategy was designed through a MOF@MOF/TiO2 photocatalyst and achieved superior photocatalytic H2-evolution activity.
Bioactive surface modifications through thermally sprayed hydroxyapatite composite coatings: a review of selective reinforcements
Authors: Jagadeeshanayaka N. , Awasthi Shikha , Jambagi Sudhakar C. , Srivastava Chandan
Published: March 2022

Hydroxyapatite (HA) composite coatings with different reinforcements facilitated enhanced mechanical, tribological, and biological properties.
Molecular weight tuning optimizes poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) dispersion to enhance the aging resistance and anti-fouling behavior of denture base resin
Authors: Jin Jie , Bhat Rajani , Mangal Utkarsh , Seo Ji-Young , Min YouJin , Yu Jaehun , Kim Dae-Eun , Kuroda Kenichi , Kwon Jae-Sung , Choi Sung-Hwan
Published: March 2022

Molecular weight tuning of poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) aids in fabrication of aging resistant ‘non-stick’ surface exhibiting enhanced anti-biofilm activity.
The oxidative degradation of phenol via in situ H2O2 synthesis using Pd supported Fe-modified ZSM-5 catalysts
Authors: Santos Alba , Lewis Richard J. , Morgan David J. , Davies Thomas E. , Hampton Euan , Gaskin Paul , Hutchings Graham J.
Published: March 2022

Bifunctional Pd/Fe-ZSM-5 catalysts promote pollutant degradation through in situ H2O2 synthesis.
Influence of the molecular weight and size distribution of PSS on mixed ionic-electronic transport in PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Lo Chun-Yuan , Wu Yuhang , Awuyah Elorm , Meli Dilara , Nguyen Dan My , Wu Ruiheng , Xu Bohan , Strzalka Joseph , Rivnay Jonathan , Martin David C. , Kayser Laure V.
Published: March 2022

Controlling the dispersity of PSS allows to control the performance of PEDOT:PSS in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs).
A thermo-, near-infrared light- and water-induced shape memory polymer with healing fatigued shape memory performance
Authors: Bai Yongkang , Ionov Leonid
Published: March 2022

A shape memory polymer with excellent thermo-, near-infrared light- and water-induced shape memory performance, as well as healing fatigued performance, was fabricated by introducing tannic acid/ferric ion coordination into poly(vinyl alcohol).
A recyclable covalent triazine framework-supported iridium(iii) terpyridine complex for the acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of o-aminobenzyl alcohols with ketones to form quinolines
Authors: Chen Xiaozhong , Ai Yao , Liu Deyun , Liu Peng , Xu Xiangchao , Yang Jiazhi , Li Feng
Published: March 2022

A complex Ir(tpy)@CTF, which is synthesized by the coordinative immobilization of [Ir(tpy)Cl3] on a covalent triazine framework, was proven to be a recycle catalyst for the acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of o-aminobenzyl alcohols with ketones.
Electroreductive 4-pyridylation of unsaturated compounds using gaseous ammonia as a hydrogen source
Authors: Ding Weijie , Sheng Jie , Li Jin , Cheng Xu
Published: March 2022

By using ammonia as a hydrogen source, electrochemical pyridylation of unsaturated compounds is achieved with more than 50 examples. In particular, the β-keto ester could be converted to the corresponding tertiary β-hydroxyl ester for the first time.
A general synthesis of aromatic amides via palladium-catalyzed direct aminocarbonylation of aryl chlorides
Authors: Wang Peng , Yang Ji , Sun Kangkang , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias
Published: March 2022

Aryl amines made easy by palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation of aryl chlorides.
Mn(iii)-Catalyzed cascade cyclization reaction ofo-acyl aromatic isocyanides with boronic acids
Authors: Liu Jingya , Li Lei , Bu Xiubin , Yuan Yu , Wang Xin , Sun Ran , Zhou Ming-Dong , Wang He
Published: March 2022

A Mn(iii)-catalyzed cascade cyclization of o-acyl aromatic isocyanides with boronic acids was examined to give a series of 3-hydroxyindolenines in single-step. This cascade process involved a transmetalation/nucleophilic addition/intramolecular cyclization sequence.
Bimetal phosphide as high efficiency and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline solution
Authors: Liu Yutong , Ding Meng , Deng Xiaolong , Zhang Yafang , Zhao Gang
Published: March 2022

The CoNiP structure is prepared by a simple “in situ growth-ion exchange-phosphating” method. The CoNiP-0.15 M shows the excellent HER and OER performance, also it exhibits high stability with high current density at room temperature and 80 °C.
Controllable preparation of an ice cream-shaped hollow sphere array
Authors: Liu Yang , Sun Xinlong , Zhao Feng , Zhan Fei , Zhang Bo , Fu Jun-Heng , Wang Lei , Liu Jing
Published: March 2022

In a hydrothermal environment, EGaIn liquid droplets in hole arrays transfer from liquid state into solid hollow spheres. They hold much air between the solid and liquid interface, enhancing the thermal insulation and superhydrophobic performance.
Ni nanocatalysts supported on MIL-53(Al) for DCPD hydrogenation
Authors: Li Yanan , Jia Dandan , Tao Zhiping , Zhao Jie
Published: March 2022

Supported Ni catalyst with rich mesoporous structure and uniform distribution of Ni shows high catalytic activity performance toward the hydrogenation of DCPD.
The effect of hydrophobic chains on retarding performance of retarding acids
Authors: Hongping Quan , Xuele Zhen , Qiangying Lu , Linyuan Wang , Silong Jiang
Published: March 2022

Acidizing retarders are used to reduce the reaction rate between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and carbonates to increase the efficiency of acidification of oil and gas wells and increase oil and gas recovery.
2,5-Diisopropenylthiophene by Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction and its exploitation in inverse vulcanization: a case study
Authors: Tavella Christian , Luciano Giorgio , Lova Paola , Patrini Maddalena , D'Arrigo Cristina , Comoretto Davide , Stagnaro Paola
Published: March 2022

A novel thiophene derivative, namely 2,5-diisopropenylthiophene (DIT) was synthetized by Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction (SMCCR) and employed in the inverse vulcanization (IV) process achieving high-refractive-index sulfur-rich polymers.
Influence of hydroquinone content on thermotropic liquid crystalline copolymers and nanocomposites: thermo-mechanical properties and morphology
Authors: Woo Hyeonjun , Jeon Hara , Jang Du Chan , Kwac Lee Ku , Kim Hong Gun , Chang Jin-Hae
Published: March 2022

Thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyesters (Co-TLCPs) were synthesized by varying the hydroquinone (HQ) molar ratio from 1–5 with respect to the 2,5-diethoxyterephthalic acid (ETA) monomer.
Synergistically assembled graphene/ZnO composite to enhance anticorrosion performance of waterborne epoxy coatings
Authors: Lv Kuilin , Pan Ruina , Zhang Lei , Tian Yuan , Sui Yanqiu , Wan Detian
Published: March 2022

This is the first example of synergistically assembled Gr/ZnO sheets to improve the corrosion protection properties of WEP coatings, and Gr0.04–ZnO0.4 exhibited the highest impedance of 200 530 Ω cm2 compared to pure WEP of 6186 Ω cm2.
Biodegradable MoOx@MB incorporated hydrogel as light-activated dressing for rapid and safe bacteria eradication and wound healing
Authors: Wang Yifan , Yao Huiqin , Zu Yan , Yin Wenyan
Published: March 2022

A photoactivated MoOx@MB-hy hydrogel was constructed with synergistic photothermal–photodynamic therapy properties for enhanced ROS accumulation on a bacterial surface to rapidly eradicate bacteria and accelerate the healing of wounds infected by drug-resistant bacteria.
Amplification of weak chiral inductions for excellent control over the helical orientation of discrete topologically chiral (M3L2)npolyhedra
Authors: Domoto Yuya , Yamamoto Kidai , Horie Shumpei , Yu Zhengsu , Fujita Makoto
Published: March 2022

Superb control over the helical chirality of highly-entangled (M3L2)npolyhedra (M = Cu(i), Ag(i);n= 2,4,8) was achievedviamultiplication of weak chiral inductions by side chains accumulated on the huge polyhedral surfaces.
High cycle stability of Zn anodes boosted by an artificial electronic–ionic mixed conductor coating layer
Authors: Fan Weijia , Sun Zhenwen , Yuan Ye , Yuan Xinhai , You Chaolin , Huang Qinghong , Ye Jilei , Fu Lijun , Kondratiev Veniamin , Wu Yuping
Published: March 2022

An artificial mixed electronic–ionic conductive coating layer relieves dendrites and side effects.
N-doped carbon nanotubes encapsulated with FeNi nanoparticles derived from defect-rich, molecule-doped 3D g-C3N4 as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc–air batteries
Authors: zheng Jiahui , Kang Taijia , Liu Bei , Wang Pu , Li Huaming , Yang Mei
Published: March 2022

The unique N-doped carbon nanotubes encapsulated with FeNi nanoparticles (FeNi/N-CNT) derived from defect-rich, molecule-doped 3D g-C3N4 are reported. The as-obtained FeNi/N-CNT exhibits excellent bifunctional ORR and OER activities and stability.
A flexible and bright surface-enhanced electrochemiluminescence film constructed from efficient aggregation-induced emission luminogens for biomolecular sensing
Authors: Li Zihua , Zhou Yusheng , Cui Yuhan , Liang Guodong
Published: March 2022

A flexible and bright surface-enhanced electrochemiluminescence film fabricated from efficient aggregation-induced emission luminogens for biomolecular sensing.
Investigation of nodal line spin-gapless semiconductors using first-principles calculations
Authors: Ding Guangqian , Wang Jianhuan , Chen Hong , Zhang Xiaoming , Wang Xiaotian
Published: March 2022

Nodal line spin-gapless semiconductors (NLSGSs) are a new type of topological spintronic material with possible high Curie temperature, 100% spin polarization, high carrier mobility, gapless nodal line states at the Fermi level in one spin channel, and spin-polarized drumhead-like surface states.
Octahedral tilting in Prussian blue analogues
Authors: Boström Hanna L. B. , Brant William R.
Published: March 2022

The trends in octahedral tilting in Prussian blue analogues are reviewed as a function of various structural factors. The link between tilting and functionality is discussed.
Cell models for Down syndrome-Alzheimer’s disease research
Authors: Wu Yixing , West Nicole R. , Bhattacharyya Anita , Wiseman Frances K.
Published: March 2022

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality and leads to intellectual disability, increased risk of cardiac defects, and an altered immune response. Individuals with DS have an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21) and are more likely to develop early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) than the general population. Changes in expression of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21)-encoded genes, such as amyloid precursor protein (APP), play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD in DS (DS-AD). However, the mechanisms of DS-AD remain poorly understood. To date, several mouse models with an extra copy of genes syntenic to Hsa21 have been developed to characterise DS-AD-related phenotypes. Nonetheless, due to genetic and physiological differences between mouse and human, mouse models cannot faithfully recapitulate all features of DS-AD. Cells differentiated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), isolated from individuals with genetic diseases, can be used to model disease-related cellular and molecular pathologies, including DS. In this review, we will discuss the limitations of mouse models of DS and how these can be addressed using recent advancements in modelling DS using human iPSCs and iPSC-mouse chimeras, and potential applications of iPSCs in preclinical studies for DS-AD.
Lipreading: A Review of Its Continuing Importance for Speech Recognition With an Acquired Hearing Loss and Possibilities for Effective Training
Authors: Bernstein Lynne E. , Jordan Nicole , Auer Edward T. , Eberhardt Silvio P.
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

The goal of this review article is to reinvigorate interest in lipreading and lipreading training for adults with acquired hearing loss. Most adults benefit from being able to see the talker when speech is degraded; however, the effect size is related to their lipreading ability, which is typically poor in adults who have experienced normal hearing through most of their lives. Lipreading training has been viewed as a possible avenue for rehabilitation of adults with an acquired hearing loss, but most training approaches have not been particularly successful. Here, we describe lipreading and theoretically motivated approaches to its training, as well as examples of successful training paradigms. We discuss some extensions to auditory-only (AO) and audiovisual (AV) speech recognition.

Method:

Visual speech perception and word recognition are described. Traditional and contemporary views of training and perceptual learning are outlined. We focus on the roles of external and internal feedback and the training task in perceptual learning, and we describe results of lipreading training experiments.

Results:

Lipreading is commonly characterized as limited to viseme perception. However, evidence demonstrates subvisemic perception of visual phonetic information. Lipreading words also relies on lexical constraints, not unlike auditory spoken word recognition. Lipreading has been shown to be difficult to improve through training, but under specific feedback and task conditions, training can be successful, and learning can generalize to untrained materials, including AV sentence stimuli in noise. The results on lipreading have implications for AO and AV training and for use of acoustically processed speech in face-to-face communication.

Conclusion:

Given its importance for speech recognition with a hearing loss, we suggest that the research and clinical communities integrate lipreading in their efforts to improve speech recognition in adults with acquired hearing loss.
First detection and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pet golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) and Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) in China
Authors: Lv Chaochao , Wang Jingsong , Li Chen , Zhang Min , Qian Weifeng
Published: March 2022

Enterocytozoon bieneusi, a common opportunistic pathogen, has been detected in humans and a wide range of animals worldwide. However, no information on the prevalence and molecular characterization of E. bieneusi in hamsters is available worldwide. In this study, fecal specimens were collected from 175 golden hamsters and 175 Siberian hamsters purchased from pet shops in three provinces of China. The average infection rate of E. bieneusi was 12.0% (42/350), with 14.9% (26/175) in pet golden hamsters and 9.1% (16/175) in pet Siberian hamsters. Four genotypes were identified in pet golden hamsters, including three known genotypes (D, Henan-II, and SHW5) and one novel genotype (named Ebph1). Five genotypes were found in pet Siberian hamsters, including one known genotype (D) and four novel genotypes (named Ebph2 to Ebph5). Genotypes D and Ebph2 were the dominant genotype in pet golden hamsters (23/26, 88.5%) and Siberian hamsters (9/16, 56.3%), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the E. bieneusi isolates clustered into two groups: Group 1 (D, Henan-II, SHW5, and Ebph1) and Group 3 (Ebph2 to Ebph5). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of E. bieneusi infection in golden hamsters and Siberian hamsters worldwide. The identification of four genotypes belonging to Group 1 of high zoonotic potential suggests that pet hamsters especially golden hamsters can be potential sources of human microsporidiosis.
Opening address
Authors: Martínez Francisco Javier
Published: March 2022

This paper consists of the text read by the author on 28 May 2020 to serve as inaugural speech for the 3rd International QSN conference “Matter of containment”. After briefly outlining the rationale behind the inception of this meeting, the author justifies the centrality of “containment” for the project of expanding “quarantine studies” from a medical history subject into a truly interdisciplinary area of research. The text ends with a short description of the conference topics and organization.
Containing chemical warfare: anti-gas measures for factory workers, health staff and the general population in Spain during the Rif War (1921-1927)
Authors: Martínez Francisco Javier
Published: March 2022

Studies on chemical warfare have only recently focused on the containment of the domestic impacts of the production, transport, storage, and use of chemical weapons. Beyond the protection of soldiers in the battlefield, “containing” chemical warfare demanded a much larger set of material measures that reached into various spheres of society. In this paper, we propose an inclusive definition of “military containment” comprising those measures and we try to apply it to the particular case of Spain during Morocco’s Rif War (1921-1927), one of the main armed conflicts of the interwar period. We will deal with three types of measures: a) those preventing that the workers of military complexes and/or civilian factories manufacturing chemical weapons suffered from intoxications and accidents that could hinder or stop production; b) those seeking that the healthcare staff of military and civil hospitals took care of the gassed soldiers and workers without exposing themselves to the effects of chemical substances; and c) those needed to keep the general population “distanced” from the hazards and accidents associated with the production, transport and storage of gases.
Spreading the atom, encapsulating politics: a story of confinement on a nuclear containment building in Barcelona
Authors: Valentines-Álvarez Jaume
Published: March 2022

In 2005, the containment building of the first nuclear reactor in Catalonia was silently demolished in the streets of Barcelona. The destruction was the last step in the long history of invisibilization of a nuclear facility that had been inaugurated forty years before as a “radiant symbol” of the autarkic policies of General Franco's dictatorship (1939-1977). What did the containment building contain beyond radioactivity? What ideas about the atom and the nuclear dangers did it foster? This paper will focus on the history and geography of the nuclear building with the aim of exploring the intersection between the “politics of containment” and the “politics of invisibility”.
Border control in question: transformation of anti-cholera measures in Japan at the end of the19th century
Authors: Nosaka Shiori
Published: March 2022

This paper aims to examine how Japan’s medical authorities explored a flexible way of border health control against cholera at the end of the 19th century. Since quarantine measures provoked diplomatic tensions with neighbouring countries, the Japanese government considered implementing a scheme of medical inspection of vessels from infected ports. However, Japanese geographical conditions seemed unsuitable for this measure. As a result, a permanent border control was established on the one hand and, on the other hand, bacteriological examinations were carried out within the territory. This exploration of flexible border control, which comprised the domestic realm, aimed to set up a reliable outbreak alert network, but cholera epidemics revealed the lack of material conditions of this system. From the turn of the century, the authority began to seek more technical solutions.
Quarantine at the Eastern gate. The Italian Perspective in Alexandria, 1899-1905
Authors: Capocci Mauro , Cozzoli Daniele
Published: March 2022

At the end of the nineteenth century, Egypt was probably the main gate to European colonialism, and an important checkpoint for plague and cholera. In order to secure public health in the Mediterranean, European powers established the Conseil Sanitaire Maritime et Quarantenaire in Alexandria. This international body soon became an arena where national interests competed with public health. Archival documents from the Italian delegation show that this was also the case for the newly formed country, aspiring at playing a role in European imperialism. However, Italian geographical advantage was jeopardized by sanitary concerns: a difficult balance between public health and international diplomacy had to be maintained in front of infectious diseases travelling through Suez.
Materiality of Sanitation in the late Ottoman Empire: Urla (Klazomenai) Quarantine in Izmir
Authors: Adak Ufuk
Published: March 2022

The port cities of the Eastern Mediterranean such as Izmir (Smyrna), Salonica, and Beirut, where the first municipalities in the Ottoman Empire were founded, were also its major trade hubs. As one of the most important among them, Izmir saw immense and fluctuating flows of people and goods in the nineteenth century. By drawing on Ottoman archival sources, this paper examines the materiality of sanitation in Urla (Klazomenai) Quarantine in the late period of the empire. In particular, it focuses on the establishment and evolution of the quarantine facilities and on the usage of sanitation technology, particularly of sterilization machines (etüv) to reduce the spread of epidemic diseases such as cholera and plague. Attention is also paid to the role of the quarantine as an impulse for the building of urban infrastructures aimed at improving the city’s public health.
Fever Hospitals in Ireland, 1780, 1797-1806
Authors: DeLacy Margaret
Published: March 2022

Accounts of the “fever hospital movement” in 18thand 19thcentury Britain have failed to address the movement in Ireland. Although purpose-built Irish fever hospitals both predated and outnumbered their English counterparts, the few scholarly secondary accounts of Irish medical reform during this period do not give much consideration to this topic. Between 1780 and 1835, over 70 of these centres were founded in cities such as Limerick, Belfast, Cork, or Dublin. These institutions deserve more attention from historians.
More destructive than guns: contagious epidemic fever and public health in Lisbon, 1810-1812
Authors: Cabral de Freitas Ricardo
Published: March 2022

The paper analyzes the controversy on the contagious epidemic fever in Lisbon between 1810 and 1811. Occurred during the last French invasion in Portugal, the epidemic was caused, among other factors, by the intense migratory flow of refugees displaced to the capital from countryside villages. Faced with the spread of the disease, the health services of Lisbon put in place preventive measures to curb its reach and disseminated preventive guidelines to the population. However, after French retreat in the early spring of 1811, the status of the epidemic itself, as well as the legitimacy of the measures taken, would be the subject of intense dispute. We propose an analysis of the controversy between Henrique Xavier Baeta, a navy physician who reported the events in theMemória sobre a febre epidêmica contagiosa (1812), and the editors ofJornal de Coimbra, who published a critical examination of Baeta’s book. For the latter, the main disease in those months would have been dysentery rather than fever, and its extent, much smaller than that reported by Baeta. The paper aims to show how different conceptions of disease and health underpinned both sides of the debate that spanned months in local newspapers. The analysis focuses on three of the main axes of the dispute: the effectiveness of the quarantine methods applied, the dispute over the most appropriate fumigation techniques, and the ability of Lisbon's public health services to respond to the crisis.
Containing the earthquake risk in Istanbul’s city planning: perspectives from scientists
Authors: Gourain Youenn
Published: March 2022

Earthquake risk is a vast issue triggering the urbanization of Istanbul. Plans and laws, conceived as sociotechnical tools that play a key role in this process, combine scientific facts and recommendations for the city. This article discusses the production of scientific facts and their inclusion into planning tools to define earthquake risk in Istanbul. Grounded on the Actor-Network Theory (ANT), our methodology follows the statements of scientists in journal articles, supplemented with semi-directed interviews with geologists and geophysicists. On this basis, the article shows the circulation of statements and scientific facts until they get selected to be included in sociotechnical tools with which the city is performed.
Ruminations on the Camp Space in the United States during the 20th Century
Authors: Cortez Jonathan
Published: March 2022

This paper is a brief stream of thought on the function of encampments in the United States during the 20th century. This work derives directly from my still-in-progress dissertation, “The Age of Encampment: Race, Surveillance, and the Power of Spatial Scripts, 19331950.” The dissertation charts a history of the creation of federally-funded camps and their lasting legacies beginning with the creation of New Deal-era liberal policies through the incarceration of enemies of the state during WWII. By revealing the history of federally-funded encampments in the US, I argue that camp spaces were racialized and classist projects dependent on a pathologized “other.” Further, the materialization of camp spaces became a tool used by the US government to surveille bodies deemed threatening to the local community and/or nation-state – a theory I call “spatial scripts.”
Containing the Moroccan Feminist Movement, Maintaining Patriarchal Order
Authors: Ouaryachi Fatima
Published: March 2022

Women and feminist movements are prominent in all social movements. In new-democratic patriarchal countries, women's movements do not only challenge the corrupt system but also the social structure of society. In Morocco, as a way to control these women’s movements and to perform to the ‘developed’ world that the country is coping with the ‘developed’ women’s rights, the government implants gender-based laws and rights that boost the image of the country but don’t necessarily make an impact towards the situation of women. Although these laws have been the primary focus of Moroccan feminist groups, lawmakers purposefully ignore these groups and dismiss their agendas. These feminist movements and women’s groups do not participate in the creation of these laws, nor do they get recognition for initiating them. It is therefore important to recognize the government’s strategies of putting out the feminist flames and agendas before, or slightly after, the outbreak as a strategy of containment. This prevents the emergence of feminist manifestations and often shuts them down. This paper presents cases from the history of Morocco where this strategy was/is used to limit the influence of women's (feminist) movements. The case study for this phase of research takes place during the 1950s.
Open Access Redefined: Survey Data and Literature Study on the Impact of Sci-Hub in Orthopaedic Research
Authors: Gathen Martin , Cucchi Davide , Kabir Koroush , Welle Kristian , Jaenisch Max , Jansen Tom Rainer , Randau Thomas Martin
Published: March 2022

Background Since Alexandra Elbanyan founded Sci-Hub in 2011, the website has been used by a growing number of researchers worldwide. Sci-Hub is a so-called shadow library or
guerrilla open access format bypassing publishers’ paywalls, giving everyone free access to scientific papers. Until today, there have been no publications about usage by orthopaedic and
trauma surgeons of Sci-Hub or other “pirate sites” and how it may influence their work.

Materials and Methods Orthopaedic and trauma surgeons of four university hospitals in Germany and Europe were consulted using a standardised questionnaire containing multiple items
about the use and evaluation of Sci-Hub. In addition, the Medline and Cochrane databases were screened for all studies related to Sci-Hub. Two reviewers independently reviewed all articles
and the references of these articles.

Results Of all orthopaedic surgeons consulted, 69% knew of Sci-Hub and 66.7% used it on a regular basis. Of the younger participants (< 45 years old), 77% knew the webpage, while
only 25% of older participants (> 45 years old) knew the webpage. Ninety percent found the quality of their citation and research had been enhanced since using Sci-Hub. On a scale of 1 to
10, user-friendliness was rated with a mean rating of 7.58 (95% CI: 7.262–7.891). Ethical or legal concerns among users seem mixed. On a scale of 1 (no concerns) to 5 (many concerns), the
mean score was 2.39 (95% CI: 2.154–2.615). Of doctors using Sci-Hub, 89% would recommend it to other colleagues.

Conclusion The quality and number of articles in Sci-Hub is outstanding, and the rate of young researchers using the website is high. The most important shift in literature research
for decades is a phenomenon mostly used by young researchers and is not the subject of current research itself. Sci-Hub may have already changed how orthopaedic research works.
Continuous particle separation of microfluidic chip with integrated inertial separation and dielectrophoresis separation
Authors: Li Xiaohong , Duan Junping , Wang Jiayun , Qu Zeng , Ji Miaomiao , Zhang BinZhen
Published: March 2022

Particle separation is essential in many microfluidic systems such as biomedical analysis and chemical reactions. This study aims to report a microfluidic separation device combining dielectrophoresis force and inertial force to separate particles continuously. Most particles were separated by inertial force via passing through the contraction and expansion channel and then deviated into different outlets via interdigital electrodes. Numerical simulations using the software COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 were performed to investigate the effects of flow rate and electric field distribution on particles. The separation efficiency was assessed by separating 4 µm polystyrene spheres (PS) from 20 µm PS microspheres at various flow rates. The experimental results showed that the separation efficiency was more than 95%. This microfluidic chip is expected to be applied to cell sorting and biomedicine.
Optoacoustic imaging with an air-coupled transducer using coaxially aligned focused illumination
Authors: Özsoy Cagla , Xu Jianuo , Li Jiao , Montero de Espinosa Francisco , Razansky Daniel , Deán-Ben Xosé Luís
Published: March 2022

Optoacoustic (OA) methods have become powerful tools in biomedical research capable of retrieving functional information from biological tissues in vivo. Acquisition of OA signals generally relies on direct physical contact of a transducer or an acoustic coupling medium with the tissue surface, which prevents applicability, e.g., in open surgeries or wounded tissues. Non-contact OA imaging has been achieved with air-coupled piezoelectric transducers, which provide a straightforward approach for remote sensing of ultrasound vibrations. However, sensitivity was hampered by a suboptimal alignment between the illumination and detection fields. Herein, we devised an air-coupled transducer featuring a central aperture for light delivery with coaxially aligned optical and acoustic foci, thus providing optimal sensitivity for OA signal detection. Imaging of phantoms and a mouse ear in vivo is showcased by raster-scanning the transducer with light being delivered through a multimode optical fiber.
Theoretical design of two-dimensional visible light-driven photocatalysts for overall water splitting
Authors: Fu Cen-Feng , Wu Xiaojun , Yang Jinlong
Published: March 2022

Hydrogen production from water via photocatalytic water splitting has attracted great interest due to the increasing challenge from energy and environment. The light harvest, electron–hole separation, and catalytic activity are keys to enhance the efficiency of solar energy utilization, which stimulates the development of high-performance photocatalysts. In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted much attention due to their extremely large specific surface area, shortened carrier migration path, and excellent optical properties, but it is still a challenge to realize overall water splitting under visible light with 2D material photocatalysts experimentally. Density functional theory-based first-principles calculations provide a quicker and lower cost approach in material design than experimental exploration. In this review, recent advances in design of 2D material photocatalysts, including metal-containing, metal-free, and heterojunction materials, for photocatalytic water splitting are presented from a theoretical perspective. Future opportunities and challenges in theoretical design of 2D material photocatalysts toward overall water splitting are also included.
Piezoelectric drive hydraulic amplification flexible Braille contact device design and experiment
Authors: Tian Xiao-chao , Wang Hu , Wang Zhi-cong , Hou Jun , Lin Jia-ying , Liu Jin-long , Li Shen-fang , Yang Zhi-gang
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this paper is to use the principle of hydraulic amplification and design a piezoelectric drive-based hydraulically amplified flexible Braille contact device with good performance output. In this paper, the structure and working principle of the Braille contact device are described, and the theoretical analysis and parametric design of the hydraulic amplification unit are carried out. The influence relationship between the displacement amplification and diameter and height of the reservoir are obtained by using MATLAB simulation analysis, whereas the output displacement of the piezoelectric vibrator and the flexible film under different driving voltages is measured by using a laser micrometer. Subsequently, the experiments are consistent with the theoretical analysis, and the correctness of the theoretical analysis is verified. Finally, experimental tests of the system are implemented. The results suggest that the displacement amplification ratio is 4.16, and the contact displacement formed by the flexible film is 0.226 mm. Thus, the requirements of the touch sensitivity standard for the blind are satisfied when the reservoir diameter is 20 mm and the reservoir height is 3 mm. The filling water is 7.5 ml, and the resonance frequency is 317.5 Hz. This study proves that constructing a Braille bump device in this way is feasible as well as effective.
Berry-phase interpretation of thin-film micromagnetism
Authors: Skomski R. , Balasubramanian B. , Ullah A. , Binek C. , Sellmyer D. J.
Published: March 2022

Magnetic flux densities (B-fields) and field intensities (H-fields) in thin films are investigated from the viewpoints of Berry phase and topological Hall effect. The well-known origin of the topological Hall effect is an emergent B-field originating from the Berry phase of conduction electrons, but Maxwell’s equations predict the relevant perpendicular component Bz to be zero. This paradox is solved by treating the electrons as point-like objects in Lorentz cavities. These cavities can also be used to interpret magnetization measurements in the present and other contexts, but structural and magnetic inhomogeneities lead to major modifications of the Lorentz-hole picture.
Community-based pain programs commissioned by primary health networks: key findings from an online survey and consultation with program managers
Authors: De Morgan Simone , Walker Pippy , Blyth Fiona M. , Nicholas Michael , Wilson Andrew
Published: March 2022

Objective There is an increasing demand for tertiary pain services, with long waiting times compounded by limited reach to regional and remote areas. Community-based pain programs are a feasible evidence-based model of care to improve access to multidisciplinary care. Australian primary health networks (PHNs) are well placed to commission pain programs to reduce the growing burden of chronic pain. The aim of this study was to support PHN decision-making by: (1) describing current PHN community-based pain programs; (2) assessing their alignment to key elements and implementation enablers of pain programs identified by an expert consensus process; and (3) describing PHN pain program adaptations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods PHN program managers of community-based pain programs (n = 9) were invited to participate in an online survey and follow-up email consultation about their pain program. Six PHN program managers (representing South Eastern NSW PHN, Nepean Blue Mountains PHN, North Western Melbourne PHN, Gold Coast PHN, Adelaide PHN and the WA Primary Health Alliance) participated in the study with three PHNs commissioning two different types of pain programs. Results PHN community-based pain programs are multidisciplinary programs underpinned by a biopsychosocial model of pain, and focus on self-management (e.g. exercise, psychological strategies) and pain education. Most PHN pain programs are group-based programs that target adults with chronic non-cancer pain, provide individual allied health referrals as required and are evaluated as part of the electronic Persistent Pain Outcomes Collaboration. Gaps include pain programs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, and people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, with one notable exception of a PHN pain program for people from culturally and linguistically diverse and refugee backgrounds co-designed with consumers and relevant services. Programs targeting subacute pain to prevent progression to chronic pain are, with one exception, another gap area. PHN pain programs demonstrated a high level of alignment with expert-agreed key elements and implementation enablers. The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated the rapid adaptation of PHN pain programs using available methods for the delivery of digitally enabled care. Conclusions The findings provide a greater understanding for researchers and PHN decision-makers of the key features of PHN community-based pain programs, their alignment with expert-agreed key elements and implementation enablers, the target-population gaps, and the types of program adaptations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings also illustrate the potential for using digitally enabled delivery methods to increase accessibility to pain programs with further research warranted.
Wildlife–Human Survey: a rapid appraisal tool to assess mammal diversity and human–wildlife interactions in rural settings
Authors: Islas Camila Alvez , Seixas Cristiana Simão , Verdade Luciano Martins
Published: March 2022

Context Scarcity of standardised data is one of the main obstacles in understanding the responses of wildlife to anthropogenic pressures. By assessing local people’s knowledge, it is possible to generate valuable social-ecological data to fill this gap cost-effectively. Aims We present the Wildlife–Human Survey (WHS), a protocol for rapidly assessing information on medium and large-sized mammals, rural people, and the latter’s interactions with these species. In a pilot study, we investigate the effectiveness of our tool to generate valuable information for wildlife research and management. Methods The survey consists of a structured interview protocol that can be used as a tool to generate information on (i) the occurrence and assemblage composition of medium and large mammalian species, (ii) the socioeconomic profile of rural populations and farming activities in the area, and (iii) people’s perception of human–wildlife interactions (e.g. benefits, economic losses). To test the effectiveness of our tool, we conducted a total of 300 face-to-face interviews using this protocol in 30 rural landscapes (1250 ha each) in the Paraiba Valley region, São Paulo State, Brazil. We analysed the resulting data using descriptive statistics, random curves of species accumulation and maps of species distribution and richness. Key results We generated data on the occurrence and distribution of 32 species of medium and large mammals and on socioeconomic profile of the 300 surveyed households. We found that 95% of the species could be determined to occur in the region, with an effort ranging from 66 to 266 h; up to 611 h were necessary to find evidence of all species. Conclusions Our protocol can be an effective, fast and low-cost tool for appraising the occurrence of medium and large-sized mammals, the socioeconomic profile of people sharing rural landscapes with them and their interactions. Implications The WHS can generate information for mammal management by highlighting hotspot areas of human–wildlife interactions. This protocol can be especially useful when and where other methods are inadequate/unviable, and create the opportunity for rural people to contribute to wildlife management by allowing them to share their knowledge and concerns about their interactions with the local fauna.
Public health implications of opening National Football League stadiums during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: García Bulle Bernardo , Shen Dennis , Shah Devavrat , Hosoi Anette E.
Published: March 2022

Significance

Using data from 2020, we measure the public health impact of allowing fans into sports stadiums during the COVID-19 pandemic; these results may inform future policy decisions regarding large outdoor gatherings during public health crises. Second, we demonstrate the utility of robust synthetic control in this context. Synthetic control and other statistical approaches may be used to exploit the underlying low-dimensional structure of the COVID-19 data and serve as useful instruments in analyzing the impact of mitigation strategies adopted by different communities. As with all statistical methods, reliable outcomes depend on proper implementation strategies and well-established robustness tests; in the absence of these safeguards, these statistical methods are likely to produce specious or misleading conclusions.
In dialogue with non-humans or how women are silenced in incels’ discourse
Authors: Prażmo Ewelina
Published: March 2022

Dialogue plays a most important role in interpersonal relations creating and strengthening social cohesion. Conversely, the lack of dialogue – and more tellingly a deliberate resistance to it – leads to social friction and animosity. In this paper I focus on a strategy used to intentionally disable a possibility of a meaningful dialogue and to deny any voice to the “other”. Dehumanising the “other” by linguistically representing them as animals or machines exempts the perpetrator from any obligation towards the “other”, including the obligation to respect their rights. I adopt Haslam’s model of dehumanisation (2006) which shows how, by means of metaphorical language, women are dehumanised and denied the possibility to participate in a meaningful dialogue in the so called manosphere.
Screen printing strategy for fabricating flexible crystallized perovskite nanocomposite patterns with high photoluminescence
Authors: Shan Chengwei , Wang Zhuang , Wang Zhaojin , Wang Teng , Luo Dou , Wang Kai , Sun Xiao Wei , Kyaw Aung Ko Ko
Published: March 2022

Organohalide perovskites have been witnessed as an emerging class of solution processable semiconductor with huge potential for applications in optoelectronic devices. However, a low-cost and high-yield patterning of these materials needs to be further improved. Herein, we demonstrated a facile approach to pattern perovskite nanocrystals embedded in polymer matrix by screen printing strategy. Importantly, this strategy achieves a champion photoluminescence quantum yield up to 96.5% and exhibited an intense green emission band centered at 517 nm with narrow full width at half-maximum of 20 nm. In addition, the composite films show an extraordinary stability in various environments, such as air, water, high temperature (80 °C), and Ultraviolet -radiation. The photoluminescence intensity of composite films decreases only 1.4% after being stored in air with 85% relative humidity for 3 months and remains 81.6% of initial values after being submerged in water for 3 months. Finally, we printed high-resolution patterns of 175 µm, demonstrating that the screen printing is very promising for patterning perovskite composite microarrays.
Multifunctional energy storage and piezoelectric properties of 0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.35PbTiO3 thick films on stainless-steel substrates
Authors: Sadl Matej , Nadaud Kevin , Bah Micka , Levassort Franck , Eckstein Udo , Khansur Neamul H , Webber Kyle G , Ursic Hana
Published: March 2022

The miniaturization of electronic devices and power systems requires the fabrication of functional components in the form of micrometer-sized thick films. A major challenge is the integration of functional ceramics with metals, which are considered incompatible with high-temperature ceramic processing. To overcome the integration barrier, an aerosol deposition (AD) spray-coating method based on room temperature deposition can be used. By employing the AD method, we were able to deposit relaxor-ferroelectric 0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.35PbTiO3 ceramic thick films on low-cost stainless-steel substrates. The as-deposited films were dense, with ∼97% of the theoretical density. Moreover, the post-deposition annealing at 500 °C did not result in any microstructural changes. Compared to the as-deposited films, the annealed films exhibit improved energy storage and electromechanical properties. The annealed thick films achieve a recoverable energy density of 15.1 J⋅cm−3 at an electric field of 1350 kV⋅cm−1 and an electric-field cycling stability of 5 million cycles. A piezoelectric response was detected through the entire film thickness by piezoelectric force microscopy. Macroscopic displacement measurements revealed a maximum relative strain of 0.38% at 1000 kV⋅cm−1, corresponding to inverse effective piezoelectric coefficient of ∼40 pm⋅V−1. In this study, we overcame the integration challenges and demonstrated the multifunctionalization of future ceramic-metal structures, as the deposited thick films on stainless steel exhibit energy storage capability and piezoelectric properties.