bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocondensed Thiophenes and Thiazoles by Thorpe—Ziegler Cyclization.
Authors: Gruner Margit , Boettcher Gesine , Gewald Karl
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies with S‐Alkylpyrimidine: New Route for the Synthesis of Derivatives of Isoxazol, Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine, Pyridazine, Pyridine, Thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine and Thiophene of Potential anti‐HIV.
Authors: Al‐Omran Fatima A. , El‐Khair Adel A.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Novel 1,3,4‐Triaryl‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones by Cyclization of Aromatic Isocyanates with β‐Arylamino‐1‐phenylpropan‐1‐ones.
Authors: Xue Na , Lu Xiuyang , Hu Yongzhou
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Synthesis Methods for Triazolopyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Cheng Chun‐Sheng , Gai Yong‐Ming , Wang Xin‐Lei , Peng Jun
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Multicomponent Synthesis of 1,2‐Dihydro‐pyrimido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole‐3‐carbonitrile.
Authors: Liu Guangmin , Shao Qingqing , Tu Shujiang , Cao Longji , Li Chunmei , Zhou Dianxiang , Han Baoping
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Methylene‐bis‐[1,5]‐benzodiazepines.
Authors: Raghu M. , Nagaraj A. , Reddy Ch. Sanjeeva
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 6‐Aryl‐5H‐8‐oxa‐4b,7‐diaza‐benzo[a]azulen‐9‐one Derivatives, New Tricyclic Heterocycles.
Authors: Reddy Gade Srinivas , Praveen Cherukupally , Rao Javvaji Rama , Mukkanti Kaga , Reddy Padi Pratap
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Induced Synthesis of O,O‐Dialkyl Dialkylpyrophosphonates under Solvent‐Free Conditions: Markers of Nerve Agents.
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Pardasani Deepak , Mazumder Avik , Dubey Devendra K. , Gupta Arvind K.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Six Insecticidal Isoryanodane Diterpenoids from the Bark and Twigs of Itoa orientalis.
Authors: Chai Xing‐Yun , Bai Chang‐Cai , Shi Hai‐Ming , Xu Zheng‐Ren , Ren Hong‐Yan , Li Fei‐Fei , Lu Ya‐Nan , Song Yue‐Lin , Tu Peng‐Fei
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Terpenoids and Coumarins Isolated from the Fruits of Poncirus trifoliata.
Authors: Xu Guang‐Hua , Kim Jeong‐Ah , Kim So‐Young , Ryu Jae‐Chun , Kim Young‐Soo , Jung Sang‐Hun , Kim Mi‐Kyeong , Lee Seung‐Ho
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vilmoraconitine, a Novel Skeleton C19‐Diterpenoid Alkaloid from Aconitum vilmorinianum.
Authors: Xiong Jiang , Tan Ning‐Hua , Ji Chang‐Jiu , Lu Yang , Gong Ning‐Bo
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted 6‐Cyclopropylpurine Bases and Nucleosides by Cross‐Coupling Reactions or Cyclopropanations.
Authors: Kuchar Martin , Pohl Radek , Klepetarova Blanka , Votruba Ivan , Hocek Michal
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Novel Thioether‐Linked Carbapenem‐Oxazolidinone Hybrids as Potential Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Wang Jianwei , Huang Juan , Wu Yong , Hai Li , Wang Guangming
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of BaAl2S4:Eu2+ Blue Emission Phosphor by One‐Step Sulfurization of Highly Homogeneous Oxide Precursor Prepared via a Solution‐Based Method.
Authors: Petrykin Valery , Kakihana Masato
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Integrating Replication Processes with Mechanically Interlocked Molecular Architectures.
Authors: Vidonne Annick , Philp Douglas
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrospinning Nanosuspensions Loaded with Passivated Au Nanoparticles.
Authors: Hamlett Christopher A. E. , Jayasinghe Suwan N. , Preece Jon A.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Deepened Chiral Cavitands.
Authors: Mann Enrique , Rebek Julius Jr.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Synthesis of Functionalized Mesogenic 2,6‐Bisbenzimidazolylpyridine Ligands.
Authors: McKenzie Blayne M. , Miller Adriane K. , Wojtecki Rudy J. , Johnson J. Casey , Burke Kelly A. , Tzeng Karis A. , Mather Patrick T. , Rowan Stuart J.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly of Amphiphiles with Terthiophene and Tripeptide Segments into Helical Nanostructures.
Authors: Tsai Wei‐Wen , Li Liang‐shi , Cui Honggang , Jiang Hongzhou , Stupp Samuel I.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Supramolecular Multicomponent Assemblies by Using Allosteric Interactions.
Authors: Veling Nico , Thomassen Paul J. , Thordarson Pall , Elemans Johannes A. A. W. , Nolte Roeland J. M. , Rowan Alan E.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Prospect of Metal‐Catalyzed C—C Forming Cross‐Coupling Reactions in Modern Solid‐Phase Organic Synthesis
Authors: Testero Sebastian A. , Mata Ernesto G.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biaryl Phosphane Ligands in Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination
Authors: Surry David S. , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Conformational Rigidity of Butane‐1,2‐diacetals as a Powerful Synthetic Tool
Authors: Lence Emilio , Castedo Luis , Gonzalez‐Bello Concepcion
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tin Dithiocarbamates: Applications and Structures
Authors: Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Enhanced Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Collins Jonathan M. , Collins Michael J.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Knowledge and Innovations Related to Hexofuranosides: Structure, Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Peltier Pauline , Euzen Ronan , Daniellou Richard , Nugier‐Chauvin Caroline , Ferrieres Vincent
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: C‐5 Modifications in N‐Acetyl‐neuraminic Acid — Scope and Limitations
Authors: De Meo Cristina , Priyadarshani Uvege
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Soluble Functionalized Carbon Nanohorns
Authors: Pagona Georgia , Rotas Georgios , Petsalakis Ioannis D. , Theodorakopoulos Giannoula , Fan Jing , Maigne Alan , Yudasaka Masako , Iijima Sumio , Tagmatarchis Nikos
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides and Their Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium Derivatives
Authors: Keller P. A.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Split‐Ubiquitin and the Split‐Protein Sensors: Chessman for the Endgame
Authors: Mueller Judith , Johnsson Nils
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alk‐2‐ynoic Acids
Authors: Evano G.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carboxylic Acids: Synthesis from Alkenes (Excluding Reactions with Carboxylic Acid Derivatives)
Authors: Evano G.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rolling Circle Amplification: Applications in Nanotechnology and Biodetection with Functional Nucleic Acids
Authors: Zhao Weian , Ali M. Monsur , Brook Michael A. , Li Yingfu
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidatively Generated Damage to the Guanine Moiety of DNA: Mechanistic Aspects and Formation in Cells
Authors: Cadet Jean , Douki Thierry , Ravanat Jean‐Luc
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Selectivity Through Control of Excited‐State Dynamics
Authors: Olivucci Massimo , Santoro Fabrizio
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations of Enynes: A Mechanistic Perspective
Authors: Jimenez‐Nunez Eloisa , Echavarren Antonio M.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bio‐Inspired Synthetic Pathways and Beyond: Integrative Chemistry
Authors: Prouzet Eric , Ravaine Serge , Sanchez Clement , Backov Renal
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistic Insights into Phosphoprotein‐Binding FHA Domains
Authors: Liang Xiangyang , Van Doren Steven R.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Contrasting Disease and Nondisease Protein Aggregation by Molecular Simulation
Authors: Fawzi Nicolas Lux , Yap Eng‐Hui , Okabe Yuka , Kohlstedt Kevin L. , Brown Scott P. , Head‐Gordon Teresa
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Multiple‐Replica Exchange with Information Retrieval
Authors: Athènes Manuel , Calvo Florent
Published: October 2008

The parallel tempering simulation method was recently extended to allow for possible exchanges between non‐adjacent replicas. We introduce a multiple‐exchange variant which naturally incorporates the information from all replicas when calculating statistical averages, building on the related virtual‐move method of Coluzza and Frenkel (ChemPhysChem 2005, 6, 1779). The method is extensively tested on three model systems, namely, a Lennard‐Jones cluster exhibiting a finite size phase transition, the Lennard‐Jones fluid, and the 2D ferromagnetic Ising model. In all cases, the present method performs significantly better and converges faster than conventional parallel tempering Monte Carlo simulations. The standard deviations are also systematically decreased with respect to virtual moves.
Educational effect of online lecture using streaming technology
Authors: Akiyama Hidenori , Teramoto Akemi , Kozono Kazutake
Published: October 2008

A conventional lecture on laser engineering had been done in a lecture room till 1999. Content using on‐demand streaming method was made for an online lecture of laser engineering in 2000. The figures and equations used in the conventional lecture and the voice recorded for the online lecture were converted to Real Media. Then an online lecture was provided to students by using a Helix Universal Server. The trial of the online lecture was done only for the students who wanted to take the online lecture course in 2000. The online lectures have been recognized as credits for graduation by the change of a law since 2001. About 100 students have registered for the online lecture of laser engineering every year since 2001. Here, three years' questionnaire surveys of the online lecture are summarized, and results of examinations on the conventional lecture for two years and on the online lecture for three years are compared. It is recognized for the lecture on laser engineering that the educational effect of the online lecture is comparable to or better than that of the conventional lecture. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(3): 37– 44, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10072
Synthesis, Structural, Magnetic and Thermal Characterization of {[Cu(bipy)]2(μ‐HP2O7)(μ‐Cl)}·H2O
Authors: Ikotun Oluwatayo F. , Higbee Elizabeth M. , Ouellette Wayne , Lloret Francesc , Julve Miguel , Doyle Robert P.
Published: October 2008

Copper(II) hydroxide reacts with 2,2′‐bipyridine (bipy) and sodium pyrophosphate in a 2:2:1 stoichiometric ratio under ambient conditions at pH 1.6 in water. The resulting neutral dinuclear CuII complex features a bridging set containing bridging monoprotonated pyrophosphate and a monoatomic chloro bridge (making this the first pyrophosphate bridged coordination complex containing an alternate, additional halide bridge between the metal centers). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies revealed the complex to be {[Cu(bipy)]2(μ‐HP2O7)(μ‐Cl)}·H2O. The structure consists of a dimeric copper(II) system with each metal ion in a square pyramidal geometry. The asymmetric [Cu(bipy)]2+ units are bridged by bis‐bidentate pyrophosphate and an axially bridging chlorine atom. The incorporation of an additional bridge (halide) and the presence of protonated pyrophosphate (HP2O73–) in the structure are both rare for this family of structures. Intermolecular π–π interactions between the bipy ligands from adjacent dinuclear complexes and hydrogen bonding between the lattice water molecule and the bridging chloro atom create a 1D network. Variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements show the occurrence of a weak antiferromagnetic interaction with a maximum at 3.0 K. The analysis of the magnetic data in the whole temperature range (1.9–300 K) allows the determination of the value of the intramolecular magnetic coupling (J = –3.19 cm–1, the Hamiltonian being defined as Ĥ = –JŜA. ŜB). This value of J is significantly lower than that observed for the analogous dicopper(II) system devoid of the bridging chloro group. Reasons for this difference and its importance are discussed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
RTSVC: Real‐time system for visual control of robots
Authors: Bugarin Eusebio , Kelly Rafael
Published: October 2008

This article presents an image processing system that can work in hard real‐time. Compared with systems that use the traditional multiprocessor architecture approach, this computer system takes advantage on recent technological advances and it is designed to work with a single processor PC under RTLinux. Its programming environment is similar to C programming language and it offers a friendly graphical user interface. The performance of the system is illustrated by means of experiments applied to visual guidance of mobile robots via velocity fields using a fixed high‐speed camera. The experiments were carried out with a strict sampling frequency of 100 Hz. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 18, 251–256, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).
Ellagic acid: Characterization as substrate of polyphenol oxidase
Authors: Muñoz‐Muñoz Jose Luis , Garcia‐Molina Francisco , Garcia‐Molina Maria , Tudela Jose , García‐Cánovas Francisco , Rodriguez‐Lopez Jose Neptuno
Published: October 2008

Ellagic acid has been described as an inhibitor of tyrosinase or polyphenol oxidase and, therefore, of melanogenesis. In this work, we demonstrate that ellagic acid is not an inhibitor, but a substrate of mushroom polyphenol oxidase, an enzyme which oxidizes ellagic acid, generating its o‐quinone. Because o‐quinones are very unstable, we used an oxymetric method to characterize the kinetics of this substrate, based on measurements of the oxygen consumed in the tyrosinase reaction. The catalytic constant is very low at both pH values used in this work (4.5 and 7.0), which means that the Michaelis constant for the oxygen is low. The affinity of the enzyme for the substrate is high (low K), showing the double possibility of binding the substrate. Moreover, a new enzymatic method is applied for determining the antioxidant activity. Ellagic acid shows high antioxidant activity (EC50 = 0.05; number of electrons consumed by molecule of antioxidant = 10), probably because of the greater number of hydroxyl groups in its structure capable of sequestering and neutralizing free radicals. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(2): 171–177, 2009
Structural changes in squid (Loligo japonica) collagen after modification by formaldehyde
Authors: Fu Xueyan , Xue Changhu , Jiang Lina , Miao Benchun , Li Zhaojie , Xue Yong
Published: October 2008

BACKGROUND: Formaldehyde (FA) has been suggested to cause changes in texture and functional properties in some marine species. It was therefore hypothesised that FA may affect collagen, a fundamental constituent of the extracellular matrix in squid.

RESULTS: Two types of collagen, I and V, were isolated by pepsin digestion and differential salt precipitation. Type V collagen contained higher proportions of isoleucine, leucine, and lysine and lower proportions of alanine and hydroxyproline. The effects of FA on pepsin‐solubilised squid collagen were examined by differential scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy. The squid collagen showed a transition temperature (Tm1) of 37.2 ± 0.2 °C, which was significantly reduced in the presence of 2 and 10 mmol L−1 FA. In the presence of 1, 2 and 10 mmol L−1 FA an additional peak (Tm2) was also observed at 77.7 ± 0.1, 78.4 ± 0.1 and 62.7 ± 0.2 °C respectively, suggesting FA–collagen interactions. Treatment with 2 mmol L−1 FA increased the I940/I1005 ratio from 1.09 to 1.66 and shifted the 990 and 1245 cm−1 bands. The tyrosine doublet ratio (I850/I830) was also increased about threefold, suggesting that α helix, β sheet type and random coil structures were changed by FA.

CONCLUSION: The secondary structure of squid collagen can be affected by FA through hydrophobic interactions. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Sub‐2 μm HPLC coupled with sub‐ppm mass accuracy for analysis of pharmaceutical compound libraries
Authors: Stroh Justin G. , Petucci Christopher J. , Brecker Scott J. , Nogle Lisa M.
Published: October 2008

Recent advances in accurate mass analysis are poised to allow the high‐throughput production of accurate mass data on many more compounds than was previously available. It is shown that sub‐ppm mass accuracy (producing elemental compositions) can be obtained on a simple TOF mass spectrometer operating in the manufacturer's standard mode. Concomitantly, there have been important technological advances in LC with respect to speed of analysis using sub‐2 μm particle columns. Much of the sub‐2 μm work in the literature has been under the label ultra performance LC (UPLC), however, we show that very high‐speed results can be obtained using other manufacturer's pumps by using elevated column temperatures. Using elevated temperatures, HPLC peak widths on the order of 1 s can be obtained. We report the coupling of these two technologies (sub‐ppm mass accuracy MS with high‐speed HPLC) for the rapid analysis of compounds entering pharmaceutical libraries.
Results of in utero atrial septoplasty in fetuses with hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Marshall Audrey C. , Levine Jami , Morash Donna , Silva Virginia , Lock James E. , Benson Carol B. , Wilkins‐Haug Louise E. , McElhinney Doff B. , Tworetzky Wayne
Published: October 2008

Objectives

Neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and intact or highly restrictive atrial septum have a high rate of mortality. We sought to assess the effect of prenatal intervention intended to create atrial septal defects in fetuses with this diagnosis.

Methods

We reviewed the medical records and imaging of all fetuses undergoing intervention for atrial septal defect creation in the setting of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and intact atrial septum. The procedures were performed with a percutaneous cardiac puncture under the guidance of ultrasonography. For the 21 interventions, patient and procedural characteristics were analyzed to identify predictors of neonatal outcome.

Results

Of 21 procedures attempted between 24 and 34 weeks' gestation, 19 were technically successful. Fetal demise occurred in two cases. The size of the created defect varied and measured at least 3 mm in six fetuses. Among 19 neonates, a larger atrial septal defect was associated with higher oxygen saturation and less need for intervention prior to surgical single‐ventricle palliation.

Conclusions

Technically successful atrial septal defect creation in fetuses with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and intact atrial septum results in atrial septal defects of varying size; defects of at least 3 mm in diameter appear to confer postnatal benefit. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low levels of maternal serum PAPP‐A in early pregnancy and the risk of adverse outcomes
Authors: Spencer C. A. , Allen V. M. , Flowerdew G. , Dooley K. , Dodds L.
Published: October 2008

Objectives

To determine if low maternal serum level of pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A) measured in early pregnancy can predict adverse pregnancy outcomes and to examine the gestational age (GA) sampling interval for these outcomes.

Methods

This was a nested case‐control study from a prospective cohort of women recruited at < 20 weeks of gestation in Halifax, NS. Cases (n = 248) were defined as women who had a fetal loss or developed preeclampsia, severe pregnancy‐induced hypertension (PIH), or small for gestational age infant (SGA). Controls (n = 244) were frequency matched to cases by GA at the time of serum sampling (6 to < 20 weeks GA). Participant information was obtained from questionnaires and medical chart reviews.

Results

Women with a low PAPP‐A measure [⩽0.4 multiples of the median (MoM)] had an adjusted odds ratio of 2.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–3.6] compared to others (>0.4 MoM). However, performance as a screening test was poor [sensitivity = 38.7%; specificity = 81.6%; positive likelihood ratio (LR) = 2.1; negative LR = 0.75]. In the adjusted model, the10‐ to 14‐week GA period was the only time period where low PAPP‐A was significantly associated with adverse outcomes.

Conclusions

Women with a low PAPP‐A early in their pregnancy have twice the risk of an adverse outcome, though PAPP‐A as a one‐time single marker test has limited value. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and photophysical properties of a novel green fluorescent polymer for Fe3+ sensing
Authors: Hu Yulin , Wang Baoyan , Su Zhixing
Published: October 2008

BACKGROUND: In recent years, environmental pollution has become a major concern for industrial societies. The design of highly selective and sensitive sensor materials has become a very important scientific goal.

RESULTS: A novel 4‐amino‐substituted 1,8‐naphthalimide dye with intense green fluorescence was synthesized. The dye was then copolymerized with methyl methacrylate. The presence of metal cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+) could quench the fluorescence intensity of a tetrahydrofuran solution of the dye and the copolymer at different levels. The effect of Fe3+ was much stronger than that of the other cations. There was a good linear correlation between F0/F (F0 and F are the fluorescence intensities in the absence and presence of the metal ions, respectively) and the Fe3+ concentration in the range 1.33 × 10−7–4.00 × 10−4 mol L−1. The polymeric sensor in a film state exhibited a dynamic response to Fe3+ in the concentration range from 3.44 × 10−6 to 3.04 × 10−3 mol L−1 and the average response time was about 20 s.

CONCLUSION: In view of the selectivity and rapid responsivity of the polymer sensor studied, it could be used as a new polymeric sensor for water pollution by Fe3+ cations. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Size‐dependent photoluminescence blinking statistics of single CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals
Authors: Ito Yuichi , Matsuda Kazunari , Kanemitsu Yoshihiko
Published: October 2008

We studied the photoluminescence (PL) blinking statistics of single CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals at room temperature. It was found that the on ‐ and off ‐time statistics of PL blinking obey power‐law distributions for various nanocrystal sizes. The electron tunneling model between a nanocrystal and the matrix explains the size‐dependent power‐law exponents that characterize the PL blinking statistics, qualitatively. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ultrafast insulator‐metal transition in VO2: interplay between coherent lattice motion and electronic correlations
Authors: Leitenstorfer A. , Kübler C. , Lopez R. , Halabica A. , Haglund R. F. , Huber R.
Published: October 2008

The multi‐THz conductivity of VO2 recorded during a photoinduced insulator‐metal transition directly reveals the femtosecond dynamics of V‐V stretching modes and electronic correlations. The strongly correlated character of the electronic system leads to a transient behaviour of the conductivity that cannot be understood in a Born‐Oppenheimer picture. Based on our measurements with a time resolution of 12 fs and recent theoretical simulations for the electronic structure in steady state, we suggest a novel qualitative model for the non‐thermal phase transition. The extremely high speed for the photoinduced phase transition is elegantly explained via a directed wave packet motion in the electronically excited state of the dimer that transfers the crystal structure of the insulator into the configuration of the metallic phase. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Demonstration of confocal sum frequency microscopy
Authors: Locharoenrat Kitsakorn , Sano Haruyuki , Mizutani Goro
Published: October 2008

We have obtained the first confocal microscopic sum frequency (SF) intensity images, using ZnS polycrystals as a sample. We have found different contrasts in the SF intensity images when the incident beams were focused at different depths in the ZnS sample. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Encoding Absolute Configurations with Chiral Enantiophore Descriptors. Application to the Order of Elution of Enantiomers in Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Del Rio Alberto , Gasteiger Johann
Published: October 2008

New chiral descriptors based on pharmacophore perception around the chiral center are used for the prediction of the orders of elution in chiral chromatography and are associated to the absolute configurations. This approach, in which the descriptors are based on the analysis of the strategic atoms around the stereogenic center, allows to describe the chirality of pharmacophore points in the ligand that are supposed to be important for the enantioselective recognition mechanism. ChirBase, a database for chiral chromatography, was used to extract 51 pairs of enantiomers separated on the commercially available Whelk‐O1 chiral stationary phase. Modeling of the data with various techniques such as decision trees and artificial neural network were performed and high values of correct predictions were obtained with all modeling techniques, namely with more than 95% for training sets, about 85% for cross‐validations, and about 80% for the external test set. The descriptors were used to collect precise and straightforward information about the mechanism of diastereomeric complexations as well as to elucidate the molecular requirements for obtaining a given elution order in a chiral separation. Since the descriptors completely denote the chirality of the enantiomers, the prediction of a new compound allows to unambiguously assign the absolute configurations to a given order of elution. This application opens new perspectives not only in the field of chiral High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) separations but also to boost the chemoinformatic research toward effective and relevant chiral descriptors derived from the pharmacophore perception that are likely to be important in many areas of chemistry and drug design.
Inactivation of [FeFe]‐hydrogenase by O2. Thermodynamics and frontier molecular orbitals analyses
Authors: Dogaru Daniela , Motiu Stefan , Gogonea Valentin
Published: October 2008

The oxidation of H‐cluster in gas phase, and in aqueous enzyme phase, has been investigated by means of quantum mechanics (QM) and combined quantum mechanics–molecular mechanics (QM/MM). Several potential reaction pathways (in the above‐mentioned chemical environments) have been studied, wherein only the aqueous enzyme phase has been found to lead to an inhibited hydroxylated cluster. Specifically, the inhibitory process occurs at the distal iron (Fed) of the catalytic H‐cluster (which isalso the atom involved in H2 synthesis). The processes involved in the H‐cluster oxidative pathways are O2 binding, e− transfer, protonation, and H2O removal. We found that oxygen binding is nonspontaneous in gas phase, and spontaneous for aqueous enzyme phase where both Fe atoms have oxidation state II; however, it is spontaneous for the partially oxidized and reduced clusters in both phases. Hence, in the protein environment the hydroxylated H‐cluster is obtained by means of completely exergonic reaction pathway starting with proton transfer. A unifying endeavor has been carried out for the purpose of understanding the thermodynamic results vis‐à‐vis several other performed electronic structural methods, such as frontier molecular orbitals (FMO), natural bond orbital partial charges (NBO), and H‐cluster geometrical analysis. An interesting result of the FMO examination (for gas phase) is that an e− is transferred to LUMOα rather than to SOMOβ, which is unexpected because SOMOβ usually resides in a lower energy rather than LUMOα for open‐shell clusters. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Strong effect of methyl group on the strength of ionic hydrogen bond between C2H2 and H3O+
Authors: An Xiulin , Li Qingzhong
Published: October 2008

The effect of methyl group on the strength of the ionic hydrogen bond between C2H2 and H3O+ has been studied with quantum chemical calculations at the UMP2/6‐311++G(d,p) level. The presence of a methyl group in the proton acceptor results in an energetic increase of 6.02 kcal/mol, increased by about 39%, whereas that in the proton donor leads to an energetic decrease of 2.18 kcal/mol, decreased by 14%. The charge analyses indicate that the methyl group in the proton acceptor is electron‐donating and that in the proton donor is electron‐withdrawing. The former plays a positive contribution to the formation of ionic hydrogen bond and the latter plays a negative contribution to the formation of ionic hydrogen bond. The weakening effect of solvent on the role of methyl group in the ionic hydrogen bond has also been studied at the UB3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Avoided demand charges and behind‐the‐meter wind: insights from an application at the University of Minnesota
Authors: Hildreth Laura , Kildegaard Arne
Published: October 2008

One common ownership structure for community‐scale wind development in the USA is a behind‐the‐meter installation. In addition to allowing the displacement of retail energy, such installations may also affect peak demand, which is frequently an important component of electricity tariffs (via ‘capacity’ or ‘demand’ charges). This paper uses Monte Carlo simulation techniques on original wind and load data for the University of Minnesota at Morris in order to estimate the savings associated with lower peak demand, as a result of the installation of a 1.65‐MW turbine in 2005. Results represent the first (to our knowledge) quantitative effort to estimate this aspect of the economics of wind power projects, and they suggest these previously ignored savings comprise nearly 10% of this project's gross projected revenue stream, even though the local utility's demand charge in this case is only 63% of the industry average. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects on goat milk quality of the presence of Mycoplasma spp. in herds without symptoms of contagious agalactia
Authors: de la Fe Christian , Sánchez Antonio , Gutierrez Aldo , Contreras Antonio , Carlos Corrales Juan , Assunçao Patricia , Poveda Carlos , Poveda José B
Published: October 2008

This study was designed to assess the possible effects of mycoplasmas on the quality of milk produced by goat herds in a contagious agalactia (CA) endemic area with absence of classical symptoms. Several factors related to milk quality (percentages of fat, total protein, lactose and total solids, standard plate counts (SPC) and presence of Staphylococcus aureus) were compared in mycoplasma-infected and non-infected herds. To define the CA status of 26 herds on the island of Lanzarote (Spain), where CA is endemic, 570 individual milk samples and 266 bulk tank milk (BTM) samples were microbiologically analysed for the presence of Mycoplasma spp. A herd was considered infected by mycoplasmas when at least a sample (individual or BTM) was positive. BTM samples were also used to determine milk quality parameters. Mycoplasma infection was confirmed in 13 herds. A total of 31, 10 and 11 strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC (MmmLC), Mp. agalactiae and Mp. capricolum subsp. capricolum were isolated. No significant differences were observed between the least square means of the variables fat, total protein, lactose and total solids or SPC recorded for the infected v. non-infected herds. The Staph. aureus status of a herd was also found to be independent of the presence of Mycoplasma spp. Our findings indicate that neither the presence of mycoplasmas in a goat herd with absence of classical symptoms seem to compromise the quality of the BTM.
Influence of space allowance and housing conditions on the welfare, immune response and production performance of dairy ewes
Authors: Caroprese Mariangela , Annicchiarico Giovanni , Schena Laura , Muscio Antonio , Migliore Raffaella , Sevi Agostino
Published: October 2008

The experiment used 45 Comisana ewes, divided into 3 groups of 15. The aim was to determine the effects of two different stocking densities and two different housing conditions on welfare, and on production performance of dairy ewes. The stocking densities tested were: high stocking density (1·5 m2/ewe, HD group) and low stocking density (3 m2/ewe, LD group); the two housing conditions tested were: ewes housed indoors (LD group, 3 m2/ewe) and ewes allowed to use an outdoor area (LDP group, 3 m2/ewe divided into 1·5 m2/ewe indoors and 1·5 m2/ewe outdoors). At the beginning of the experiment, and then every 2 months, the cell-mediated immune status of sheep was evaluated. One month after the beginning of the experiment, and 20 d later, the ewes were injected with chicken egg albumin (OVA) to assess their humoural immune responses. Starting from the beginning of the experiment and then monthly, behavioural activities of ewes were monitored using 15-min scans. After lamb weaning, milk yield from individual ewes was measured and milk composition analysed weekly. Housing conditions (low density reared ewes indoors v. low density reared ewes with free access to an outdoor area) affected cell-mediated response, which was higher in LDP than in LD ewes. Concentrations of anti-OVA IgG were mainly influenced by space allowance, with higher antibody titres in LD than in HD ewes throughout the experiment. Both housing conditions and space allowance affected sheep behavioural activities: a greater proportion of LDP ewes displayed standing and drinking behaviours than LD ewes, and a greater proportion of LD ewes was observed walking than HD ewes. Ewes allowed access to the outdoor area had a higher protein content and lower somatic cell count in their milk, whereas reduced space allowance led to a reduction in milk yield and an increase in somatic cell count of milk. Results indicate that both increased space allowance and availability of outdoor area can improve the welfare and production performance of the lactating ewe.
The effects of two out-wintering pad systems compared with free-stalls on dairy cow hoof and limb health
Authors: O'Driscoll Keelin KM , Hanlon Alison , French Padraig , Boyle Laura A
Published: October 2008

Lameness is one of the most serious health and welfare problems for dairy cows. This study compared hoof health, limb health and locomotion of dairy cows in three over-winter management systems. Treatments were: (1) an indoor free-stall system (FS), (2) outdoors on an uncovered woodchip pad (UP) and (3) outdoors on a covered woodchip pad (CP). Animals were assigned to treatments at drying off, remained on treatment until parturition, then turned out to pasture. Sole lesions were scored on assignment to treatment, at calving, and 6 weeks and 12 weeks post partum. Locomotion and skin lesions were scored on assignment to treatment, and every 2 weeks until parturition. Post-partum locomotion was scored weekly for 13 weeks. More FS cows were affected by limb lesions than CP cows, and these animals had the worst locomotion scores post calving. There was an effect of inspection, and interactive effect of inspection and treatment on sole lesion scores. UP cows had the highest sole lesion scores 12 weeks post partum probably due to softening of the hooves arising from exposure to moisture while on the woodchip pad. However, post partum, UP cows had better locomotion scores, and CP cows tended to have better scores than cows in FS. Both of these treatments were less likely to have a high tracking-up score than cows in FS. It is possible that cows in this treatment were able to exercise more, owing to the secure underfoot surface and lack of barriers, and this promoted limb flexibility. Although woodchip pads provided benefits for limb health and locomotion, the wood chip surface in both outdoor systems did not offer protective benefits to the hooves relative to housing on concrete. However, the provision of shelter on the pad somewhat overcame the problem of high sole lesion scores in the post-partum period.