Normativity in management, its types and methods (general approaches to deﬁnition).
Authors: Yushchyk Oleksii 
Published: December 2024

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the concept and types of management. Emphasis is placed on the lack of a unified theory of management, the problem of defining a general concept, and the unity of views on the nature of the very concept of management. The broadest control is considered by cybernetics, which highlights the most general (universal) properties of relationships and interactions in mechanical, biological, and social systems.

Diﬀerent interpretations of management in relation to nature, technology and society are considered. The role of management as an activity aimed at achieving goals through the interaction of subject and object is emphasized. Emphasis is placed on the role of normativity in management, its impact on decision-making processes and ensuring eﬀective interaction between the subject and the object of management.

The author defines management as a special activity that directly removes internal contradictions in a person’s practical activity.
Criteria for dividing management into types are proposed. These types are technical, biological and social management. A necessary attribute of management is its normativity, and depending on the type of management, the types of norms are determined: technical and social norms based on the criterion of the diﬀerence between the two orientations of the subject of management - on the subject and the object of management.

Criteria for finding out management methods are also defined. In social management, such a criterion is the channels of influence of management on people’s behavior: feelings, consciousness, will, interests of a person. According to these criteria, methods of social management are determined — psychological, ideological, administrative and economic methods.
The importance of a comprehensive approach to the use of various management methods in their organic complementarity is emphasized.

In modern approaches to the development of management theory, cybernetic and mathematical directions predominate, giving rise to various specialized methodologies. This occurs against the backdrop of eﬀorts for eﬀective economic process management in the context of stiﬀ competition. However, due to this specialization, management theory is losing connection with its fundamental principles and essence, complicating the understanding of general management concepts. Particularly, important aspects of management include the presence of a management subject, the purposefulness of activity, and its normative character, which are often overlooked. Insuﬃcient attention to these aspects leads to problems in the organization of authority and the eﬃciency of public administration. Ignoring normativity in management results in the loss of legal information as a critical resource for eﬀective societal governance. Normativity is important not only for social management but also for technical management, as both types of governance require the regulation of subjects’ behavior through law.

Key words: management, types of management, management methods, social management, normative management, legal information.