bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Tastes Like Horse Piss”: Asian Encounters with European Beer
Authors: Pilcher Jeffrey M.
Published: March 2016

This paper examines taste as a factor in beer's arrival as a symbol of modernity in India, Japan, and China. From nineteenth-century colonial production of India pale ale to contemporary attempts by global brewing firms to profit from a burgeoning Chinese market, beer has had an important but largely unexamined role in modern Asian-European encounters. This paper follows distinct agents of transmission—merchants, migrants, and empire builders—and their interactions with local drinking cultures to shape the particular tastes and meanings associated with beer in these countries. The case studies illustrate the different relationships that each country had with Western imperialism: India as a subject of British occupation, China as a site of commercial competition between imperial rivals, and Japan as a nascent imperial power in its own right. Beer gained least acceptance in the Indian subcontinent, in part because of Hindu and Muslim moralizing, and it symbolized western modernity for those who wished to challenge traditional culture. South Asian preferences often focused more on alcohol content than on the taste of malt or hops. The Japanese became Asia's most avid consumers of beer, adapting German lagers to local tastes. Chinese beer drinking has been limited to cities, and local brands are also bland, which reflects the place of beer within Chinese meals as a neutral grain. More broadly, I suggest that beer became a subject for nation-building efforts in Asia precisely because of its cosmopolitanism, which provided status to nationalist ideologues and supported their program of transcending regional rivalries.
A Foreign Infusion: The Forgotten Legacy of Japanese Chadō on Modern Chinese Tea Arts
Authors: Zhang Lawrence
Published: March 2016

This paper traces the historical antecedents and influences on modern Chinese tea arts. What is now commonly known as gongfucha, which has become the standard Chinese tea ceremony, was originally a regional custom from the Chaozhou area of China. Through the twentieth century this custom was first taken up by Taiwanese pioneers, repackaged as an element of quintessential Chinese culture, and then exported back to mainland China since the 1980s. During this process of the reimagination of the Chaozhou practice of gongfucha, foreign elements of the Japanese tea ceremony, especially influences from senchadō, were included. As it becomes adopted throughout China as a new national custom, however, this foreign contribution is obscured and forgotten, and replaced with a national narrative that emphasizes links to the past.
The Flow of Turtle Soup from the Caribbean via Europe to Canton, and Its Modern American Fate
Authors: Ching May-bo
Published: March 2016

This article traces a transnational history of turtle soup through the flow of species, tastes, culinary techniques, and food technology across three continents over more than three centuries. It shows how the species, nested in the Caribbean, turned from a source of flesh for transatlantic seamen in the seventeenth century to a status dish for upper-class Europeans in the eighteenth century. The pleasure of eating turtle soup was underpinned by exotic references to “the West India Way” and national labels such as “the English fashion.” Such notions circulated via printed media across a variety of genres, constructing tastes that only a minority could afford; the less privileged consumed “mock turtle soup,” made with calf's head at best. Around the same time, turtle soup in “the English fashion” was reproduced in Asia along with the trading activities and colonial endeavors of the British Empire. Into the second half of the nineteenth century, with the invention of canned food, the once upper-class dish became widely popularized in the United States. The disastrous result was that the sea turtle hunt evolved from occasional seizure to outright massacre, which did not come to a halt until the 1970s, when the practices were outlawed.
DUKUNGAN KELUARGA, DUKUNGAN PETUGAS KESEHATAN, DAN PERILAKU IBU HIV DALAM PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN HIV/AIDS KE BAYI
Authors: Isni Khoiriyah
Published: March 2016

Abstrak

Berdasarkan faktor risiko penularan, kasus HIV pada ibu rumah tangga menduduki per-ingkat kedua. Penularan melalui perinatal menyumbang 5,1%. Tujuan penelitian ada-lah untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan keluarga dan dukungan petugas kesehatan dengan perilaku ibu HIV positif dalam upaya pencegahan penularan HIV/AIDS dari ibu ke bayi.Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2014 di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dengan menggu-nakan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel ibu HIV positif sebanyak 32 orang secara total sampling.Hasil analisis univariat didapatkan 65,6% mendapat dukungan dari keluarga, 75% mendapat dukungan dari petugas kesehatan, dan 56,3% memiliki perilaku baik dalam pencegahan penularan HIV/AIDS dari ibu ke bayi. Hasil analisis bivariat dengan menggunakan uji fisher exact didapatkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara dukung-an petugas kesehatan dengan perilaku ibu HIV positif (p=0,010, OR=17), tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara dukungan keluarga dengan perilaku ibu HIV positif dalam upaya pencegahan penularan HIV/AIDS dari ibu ke bayi (p=0,142).

Kata kunci : Perilaku ibu HIV, PMTCT, Dukungan keluarga, Dukungan Petugas Kesehatan

Abstract

The number of women who infected with HIV has increased year by year. Through perinatal transmission contributed 5.1%. This study aims to learn associated of family support and health provider support with the behavior of HIV positive mothers in preventing mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS. This study was conducted in Central Java Province at 2014. This study was a cross sectional approach. The sample was collected 32 HIV positive mothers with total sampling technique. Univariat analysis result showed that 65,6% receiving family support, 75% receiving health provider support, and 56,3% has good behavior in preventing mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS. Bivariat analysis used fisher exact showed that there was a relationship between health provider support and HIV positive mothers behavior (p=0,010, OR=17), there was no relationship between family support and HIV positive mothers behavior in preventing mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS (p=0,142).

Keywords :HIV mothers behavior; PMTCT; Family support; Health provider support
PERBEDAAN STATUS KERENTANAN NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI TERHADAP MALATHION DI KABUPATEN BANTUL YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Sofiana Liena , Rahman Muhammad Surya
Published: March 2016

Abstrak

Demam berdarah dengue di Kabupaten Bantul selama 5 tahun terakhir menunjukkan wilayah Kecamatan Sewon termasuk dalam wilayah endemis dan Kecamatan Dlingo merupakan Kecamatan dan desa yang memiliki angka kejadian yang paling rendah, bahkan di Desa Dlingo pernah tidak mengalami kejadian Demam berdarah dengue. Penggunaan malathion sebagai salah satu upaya pencegahan yang berlangsung lama di Desa Panggungharjo dimungkinkan dapat terjadi resistensi, sehingga tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui status resistensi malathion di Desa Panggungharjo dan Dlingo. Penelitian pada tahun 2014 merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan uji laboratorium. Objek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah nyamuk Aedes aegypti hasil rearing yang diperoleh di Desa Panggungharjo dan Dlingo Bantul yang kemudian diuji secara suseptibiltas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang berasal dari Desa Panggungharjo telah resistan dan nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang berasal dari Desa Dlingo tidak resisten melainkan masih dalam kategori sedang. Ada perbedaan tingkat resistensi malathion antara Desa Panggungharjo dan Dlingo Bantul Yogyakarta.

Kata Kunci : Aedes aegypti; Malation; Kerentanan; Resistensi.

 

Abstract

Dengue hemorrhagic fever in the district Bantul during the last 5 years shows Sewon district area is also included in the endemic areas and Dlingo is a village that has the lowest incidence. Even at some time in Dlingo there was an  occurrence of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Prolonged use of malathion as one prevention in the Panggungharjo district  may can occur in resistance with this dengue. Purpose of this study was to determine the status of malathion resistance in the Panggungharjo and Dlingo. The research in 2014  was descriptive with laboratory test.  Research object is the Aedes aegypti rearing results obtained from the Panggungharjo and Dlingo Bantul and then tested in susceptibility. The results of this study are Aedes aegypti from the Panggungharjo was resistant with and Aedes aegypti from Dlingo is not resistant but still in the tolerant category. There have different levels of resistance between Panggungharjo and Dlingo Bantul Yogyakarta.

Keywords : Aedes aegypti; Malathion; Susceptibility; Resistance.
Tingkat Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Menggunakan Hak Suara pada Pemilu Legislatif 2014
Authors: Cahyo Muhammad Bayu Dwi
Published: March 2016

Partisipasi masyarakat dalam pemilihan umum, merupakan salah satu parameter dari kemajuan demokrasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis partisipasi masyarakat dalam pemilihan umum tahun 2014 dengan mengambil studi kasus di Kecamatan Godong, Kabupaten Grobogan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Tingkat Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Menggunakan Hak Suara dalam Pemilu Legislatif 2014 di Kecamatan Godong Kabupaten Grobogan meningkat di bandingkan pada Pemilu Legislatif 2009, dari 67% menjadi 69%. Dalam memilih suatu Parpol masyarakat memilih bukan karena fanatik pada suatu Parpol, akan tetapi karena melihat dari prestasi dan kinerja dari tokoh-tokoh atau anggota yang berada pada suatu Parpol. Tingginya masyarakat urban di Kecamatan Godong juga menjadi penyebab tingginya angka golput. Golput Merupakan hak asasi manusia, tetapi jika masyarakat tidak dapat memilih karena tidak terdatar sebagai DPT (Daftar Pemilih Tetap) merupakan suatu pelanggaran HAM, karena telah menghilangkan hak politik sebagai warga Negara yang berhak untuk memilihSimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam menggunakan hak suara dalam Pemilu Legislatif 2014 di Kecamatan Godong Kabupaten Grobogan sedikit meningkat jika dibandingkan dengan Pemilu Legislatif 2009.

People participation in the generale election is a parameter of the democracy development. This research is intended to analyze the people participation in the 2014 election by taking case in the Godong subdistrict, Grobogan Regency, Central Jawva. The results showed that the rate of Public Participation in the Use of Voting Rights in the 2014 legislative elections in District Godong Grobogan this time slightly increased in comparison to the legislative elections in 2009, from 67% to 69%. In choosing a political party because the people chose not fanatical on a political party, but as seen from the achievements and performance of the leaders or members who are in a political party. The high urban communities in the District Godong also be the cause of the high rate of abstention. An abstention human rights, but if the people can not vote because not registered as Permanent Voters List is a violation of human rights, as has removed political rights as citizens are entitled to vote. Conclusions of this study is the level of community participation in the use of voting rights in the 2014 legislative elections in District Godong Grobogan slightly increased when compared to the 2009 legislative elections.
Pengaturan Aborsi Korban Perkosaan Berbasis pada Prinsip Maslahah
Authors: Rohidin Rohidin
Published: March 2016

Pengaturan aborsi bagi korban perkosaan di Indonesia telah diatur dalam UU No. 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan. Di dalamnya dikatakan bahwa setiap orang dilarang melakukan aborsi, namun larangan tersebut tidak berlaku jika ada indikasi kedaruratan medis, seperti kesehatan ibu dan janin terancam, atau kehamilan dalam kasus perkosaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis prinsip-prinsip hukum aborsi bagi korban yang diatur dalam UU Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 dilihat dari perspektif masalah yang digagas oleh Attufi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara prinsipil materi hukum aborsi bagi korban perkosaan yang diatur dalam UU No. 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan sejalan dengan konsep maslahah yang digagas oleh Attufi. Namun demikian, adanya batasan usia kehamilan maksimal enam minggu dihitung dari hari pertama haid terakhir menjadi hal yang menyebabkan undang-undang tersebut tidak lagi sejalan dengan konsep maslahah attufi. Ketidakselarasan ini disebabkan adanya kemungkinan kondisi psikis yang dialami oleh perempuan hamil korban perkosaan yang mengakibatkan ketidaktahuan awal kehamilan. Dalam arti, bisa jadi perempuan tersebut baru mengetahui kehamilannya melebihi batas waktu tersebut. Namun demikian, kebolehan ini juga harus melalui pertimbangan-pertimbangan perbandingan kemaslahatan dan kemafsadatan yang ada sesuai dengan kasusnya masing-masing.

The abortion regulation for rape victims in Indonesia has been regulated in Law No. 36 Year 2009 on Health. It is said that every person is prohibited from having an abortion, but the restriction does not apply if there is an indication of a medical emergency, such as maternal and mother health is threatened, or the pregnancy in cases of rape. This study aims to analyze the principles of legal abortion for victims as stipulated in Law No. 36 of 2009 seen from the perspective of the Masalahah initiated by Attufi. The results showed that in principle the material legal abortions for rape victims as stipulated in Law No. 36 Year 2009 on Health in line with the concept of maslahah initiated by Attufi. However, the maximum age limit of six weeks of pregnancy calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period into the cause of the law is no longer in line with the concept of maslahah attufi. This misalignment is due to the possibility of psychological conditions experienced by pregnant women victims of rape resulting in early pregnancy ignorance. In a sense, it could be the woman learned of her pregnancy exceeding the time limit. However, this ability should also go through the considerations and harms ratio that is in accordance with each case.
LANSKAP KOLONIAL KOTA BAUBAU SEBUAH PUSAKA PENINGGALAN MASA KOLONIAL DI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Syahadat Ray March , Arifin Nurhayati H.S. , Arifin Hadi Susilo
Published: March 2016

Baubau is appointed as one of heritage cities in Indonesia because it has many historical inheritances. Although Baubau becomes an autonomous region in 2001, some historical records show that  the city has been existed long time ago and passed some phases. One of those phases is the development era by the Dutch Indies Government.  There are many inheritances from colonial period in the city even it is called as the largest in the Province of Southeast Sulawesi. Unfortunately, there are not many research and inventory by related stakeholders toward the colonial heritages in the city. This research aims to record or to list of current assets and to analyze the landscape characteristics of colonial heritages  located in Baubau. The result shows that there are four historical landscapes which save the colonial heritage objects namely the colonial ladscape and early independence day (51 objects), Palabusa (4 objects), Wakonti (1 object), and Chinatown (5 objects). The character  which constructs of the three landscapes generally consist of buildings, structures, and monuments with art deco style.

 

Baubau ditetapkan menjadi salah satu kota pusaka Indonesia karena menyimpan banyak peninggalan sejarah. Meskipun Baubau menjadi daerah otonom pada tahun 2001 tetapi berbagai catatan sejarah menunjukkan bahwa kota ini telah ada sejak zaman dulu dan telah melalui beberapa fase. Salah satunya ialah masa pembangunan oleh pemerintah Hindia Belanda. Banyak peninggalan zaman kolonial di kota ini bahkan bisa dikatakan yang terbanyak se-Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Sayangnya belum banyak penelitian maupun inventarisasi dari stakeholders terkait terhadap peninggalan kolonial di kota ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan menginventarisasi serta menganalisis karakter lanskap  peninggalan masa kolonial yang berada di Kota Baubau. Hasil yang diperoleh, terdapat empat lanskap sejarah yang menyimpan objek-objek peninggalan zaman kolonial yaitu lanskap kolonial dan awal kemerdekaan (51 objek), Palabusa (4 objek), Wakonti (1 objek), dan pecinan (5 objek). Karakter yang menyusun ketiga lanskap tersebut umumnya berupa bangunan, struktur, dan monumen bergaya art deco.

 
NIKAH SIRI DI WARUREJO DALAM PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH
Authors: Arsal Thriwaty , Wahyuni Ekawati S. , Pandjaitan Nurmala K. , Hubeis Aida Vitayala S.
Published: March 2016

Siri Marriage (unofficial marriage) is not a new phenomenon in Indonesia with its all negative impacts. However, in Warurejo village, siri marriage is accepted widely by society particularl actors and siri marriage network.  Siri marriage is a legal activity based on Islam if corresponding with legal requirements of marriag. Location of the research is conducted in  Warurejo village, East Java through qualitative, quantitative and semantics approaches. The result of research shows that siri marriage in Warurejo has been long standing and hereditary since Madura ethnic migrates to Warurejo. Siri marriage initially occurs among migrants, gradually changing and leading to commercialization. Warurejo people cannot predict the exact time when the commercialization of siri marriage applied in Warurejo village, but surely after commercialization occurs, there is a workplace for brokers and clerics. Economy needs sometimes cause the actors ignoring the negative impacts as a result of siri marriage, such as domestic violence, child custody, inheritance, etc. If there is a divorce, it is only delivered by brokers or short messages through mobile phone.

 

Nikah siri bukanlah fenomena baru di Indonesia dengan segala dampak negatifnya. Namun, di Desa Warurejo nikah siri diterima secara luas oleh masyarakat, terutama aktor dan   jaringan nikah siri. Nikah siri merupakan tindakan yang sah menurut agama Islam sepanjang sesuai syarat sahnya pernikahan. Lokasi penelitian di lakukan di desa Warurejo Jawa Timur.dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, kuantitatif dan semantik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nikah siri di Warurejo sudah berlangsung lama dan turun temurun. Sejak etnis Madura melakukan migrasi ke Warurejo. Nikah siri yang awalnya terjadi hanya sesama migran, lambat laun mengalami perubahan dan mengarah ke komersilisasi. Masyarakat Warurejo tidak bisa memperkirakan sejak kapan komersilisasi nikah siri mulai berlaku di Desa Warurejo, namun yang pasti sejak adanya komersilisasi maka sejak itu pula mulai memunculkan  lahan pekerjaan baru bagi para broker dan kyai/modin. Kebutuhan terhadap ekonomi  menyebabkan pelaku terkadang mengabaikan fungsi negatif yang diakibatkan oleh nikah siri, misalnya adanya kekerasan  dalam rumah tangga,  hak asuh anak, waris, dan lain-lain. Jika terjadi perceraian, maka perceraian itu hanya disampaikan melalui broker atau pesan pendek melalui telepon seluler.

 
MODEL MANAJEMEN PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH TERINTEGRASI PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL UNTUK MEMBANGUN WAWASAN KEBANGSAAN
Authors: Musadad Akhmad Arif
Published: March 2016

The objective of the research is to describe: (1) prior condition of nationality insight among the students of Senior High Schools in Surakarta`, (2) the historical learning management conducted so far, (3) the form of need for the historical learning management model integrated in multicultural education, and (4) the form of historical learning management model integrated in multicultural education in Senior High Schools in Surakarta. This research is conducted using research and development designs. The subjects of research are students and history teachers of Senior High Schools in Surakarta. This study is conducted in explorative way using observation, interview, document analysis, instrument and FGD as techniques of collecting data. The data analysis is carried out using an interactive model of qualitative analysis. The result of research shows: (1) the nationality insight among the students is relatively low; (2) the teachers manage historical learning poorly, as identified from their low abilities of planning, organizing, implementing and evaluating the learning; (3) the teachers highly require the model of historical learning management integrated into multicultural education; and (4) the model of historical learning management integrated in multicultural education consists of learning planning, organization, implementation and evaluation steps.

 

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah  untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) kondisi awal tentang wawasan kebangsaan di kalangan siswa SMA Kota Surakarta, (2) bentuk manajemen pembelajaran sejarah yang selama ini dilaksanakan, (3) bentuk kebutuhan terhadap model manajemen pembelajaran sejarah terintegrasi pendidikan multikultural, dan (4) bentuk model manajemen pembelajaran sejarah terintegrasi pendidikan multikultural di SMA Kota Surakarta. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan desain research and development. Subjek penelitiannya adalah siswa dan guru sejarah SMA di Kota Surakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, analisis dokumen, angket dan FGD. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis kualitatif model interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) wawasan kebangsaan di kalangan siswa relatif rendah;  (2) guru kurang mampu mengelola pembelajaran sejarah, hal itu teridentifikasi dari rendahnya kemampuan merencanakan, mengorganisasikan, melaksanakan, dan mengevaluasi pembelajaran; (3) guru sangat membutuhkan model manajemen pembelajaran sejarah terintegrasi pendidikan multikultural; dan (4) model manajemen pembelajaran sejarah terintegrasi pendidikan multikultural terdiri atas langkah-langkah perencanaan pembelajaran, pengorganisasian pembelajaran, pelaksanaan pembelajaran, dan evaluasi pembelajaran.

 
MAKNA DAN STRUKTUR PAKAIAN KARNAVAL JOGJA FASHION WEEK DI YOGYAKARTA 2007-2014
Authors: Setiawan Deni
Published: March 2016

Costume exhibition show, Jogja Fashion Week Carnival, was intended to progress clothing industry, to lessen the imported clothes, and to raise the selling value of the traditional clothes in Indonesia. Throughout 2007-2014, the costume exhibition show was adequately effective to introduce the products of traditional culture becoming local characteristics to public. The research on carnival costume was made to find out the periods of the clothing style by applying art historic approach, to explain the issue of interpretation and social interaction, I used art sociological approach. The resulted conclusion was that every style of carnival costumes reflected several meanings, such as: clothing imagery, designer, and trademark. The costume structure consists of physical and non-physical ones. The physical structure was related to the issues of style, shape, and visual appearance; while the non-physical one comprised interpretation regarding the concepts of creation, social conditions, and history. The creation of carnival costumes was influenced by social condition referring to legends, fairy tales, and the myths. In addition, the designer played essential parts, i.e. creating and constructing new fashion of carnival costume in Yogyakarta.

 

Acara pameran pakaian Karnaval Jogja Fashion Week, dimaksudkan untuk memajukan industri pakaian menekan jumlah impor pakaian asing, dan meningkatkan nilai jual kain-kain tradisi-onal di Indonesia. Sepanjang tahun 2007-2014, acara pameran pakaian cukup efektif memperkenalkan produk budaya tradisional yang menjadi ciri khas daerah kepada masyarakat. Penelitian pakaian karnaval dilakukan untuk mengetahui periodisasi gaya pakaian dengan menggunakan pendekatan sejarah seni; untuk menguraikan persoalan pemaknaan dan interaksi sosial masyarakat, digunakan pendekatan sosiologi seni. Kesimpulan yang dihasilkan adalah setiap gaya pakaian karnaval mencerminkan beberapa makna, seperti: pencitraan kain, perancang, dan merk dagang. Struktur pakaian terdiri atas fisik dan nonfisik, struktur fisik menyangkut persoalan gaya, bentuk, dan tampilan visual, sedangkan nonfisik meliputi pemaknaan yang terkait dengan konsep penciptaan, kondisi sosial, dan sejarah. Penciptaan pakaian karnaval dipengaruhi oleh kondisi sosial yang mengacu pada legenda, dongeng, dan mitos-mitos. Selain itu terdapat peran perancang yang menciptakan dan mengkreasikan bentuk baru pakaian karnaval di Yogyakarta.

 
THE RELATIONSHIP AMONGST SOEHARTO, MILITARY, AND MUSLIM IN THE END OF NEW ORDER REGIME
Authors: Fatgehipon Abdul Haris
Published: March 2016

In the end of Suharto's authority, he began to embrace the power of Islam; he realized the position of Muslims was very important and strategic. While some high-ranking military, like LB Moerdani felt unhappy with business built by Soeharto’s family. Suharto built a new political power through the ICMI (Indonesian Muslim Scholar) organization. The emergence of ICMI has been confronted by much of the military officers, they assessed that ICMI shaped sectarian mindset, Gus Dur as NU leader also did not approve the establishment of ICMI. ICMI was chaired by BJ Habibie who at that time had a special affinity with Suharto that made ICMI has the most important role in Indonesian and clout. At the end of Suharto's power, he embraced the power of the Muslim Civilians, Reviews such as ICMI and Muhammadiyah organization. He tried to minimize the political dependence on the military. Hereinafter, Habibie has successfully elected as a vice president of Indonesia based on the general assembly in 1998, after the riots in May 1998, Habibie replaced Suharto's position that has discharged due to students and citizens' demonstrations. By the pretense of the 1945 constitution, the military endorsed the nomination of BJ Habibie as president.

 

Pada akhir otoritas Soeharto, ia mulai merangkul kekuatan Islam; ia menyadari posisi Muslim sangat penting dan strategis. Sementara beberapa petinggi militer, seperti LB Moerdani merasa tidak bahagia dengan bisnis gurita yang dibangun oleh keluarga Soeharto. Soeharto membangun kekuatan politik baru melalui organisasi ICMI (Indonesian Muslim Scholar). Munculnya ICMI telah dihadapkan oleh banyak perwira militer, mereka menilai ICMI berbentuk pola pikir sektarian, Gus Dur sebagai pemimpin NU juga tidak menyetujui berdirinya ICMI. ICMI dipimpin oleh BJ Habibie yang pada waktu itu me-miliki kedekatan khusus dengan Soeharto yang membuat ICMI memiliki peran paling penting dalam Indonesia dan pengaruh. Pada akhir kekuasaan Soeharto, ia memeluk kekuatan Sipil Muslim, Ulasan seperti ICMI dan Muhammadiyah organisasi. Dia mencoba untuk meminimalkan ketergantungan politik pada militer. Selanjutnya, Habibie telah berhasil terpilih sebagai wakil presiden Indonesia berdasarkan sidang umum pada tahun 1998, setelah kerusuhan Mei 1998, Habibie menggantikan posisi Soeharto yang telah habis karena mahasiswa dan de-monstrasi warga. Dengan berdasar UUD 1945, militer mendukung pencalonan BJ Habibie sebagai presiden.

 
REKONSTRUKSI KERAJAAN GALUH ABAD VIII-XV
Authors: Lubis Nina Herlina , Muhzin Z. Mumuh , Sofianto Kunto , Mahzuni Dade , Widyonugrohanto Widyonugrohanto , Mulyadi R.M. , Darsa Undang Ahmad
Published: March 2016

The title of this research is Reconstruction of Galuh Kingdom in 8th-15thcentury. Issue that will be studied is how to unravel the location of the capital and palace shape of Galuh Kingdom. To answer the issue is used the historical method which consists of four steps, namely heuristic, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Result of this research is that the existence of Galuh Kingdom is a history, not a myth. Historical sources which support the many arguments of its existence including inscriptions, foreign news, ancient manuscripts, social facts and mental facts. In addition, the life of its existence as long as eight centuries shows that Galuh Kingdom is not just existent but also strong because it is supported by a variety of solid and coherent system. Concerning about the location of capital and shape of the Kingdom , it still needs to explore further.

 

Judul penelitian ini adalah Rekonstruksi Galuh Raya di abad ke-8-15. Masalah yang akan dipelajari adalah bagaimana mengungkap lokasi dari bentuk modal dan istana Kerajaan Galuh. Untuk menjawab masalah tersebut digunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari empat langkah, yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa keberadaan Kerajaan Galuh adalah sejarah, bukan mitos. Sumber-sumber sejarah yang mendukung banyak argumen keberadaannya termasuk prasasti, berita asing, naskah kuno, fakta sosial dan fakta mental. Selain itu, kehidupan keberadaannya selama delapan abad menunjukkan bahwa Kerajaan Galuh tidak hanya ada tapi juga kuat karena didukung oleh berbagai sistem yang solid dan koheren. Mengenai tentang lokasi ibukota dan bentuk Kerajaan, masih perlu untuk menjelajahi lebih lanjut.

 
THOMAS STAMFORD RAFFLES: SEORANG UNIVERSALIS ATAU IMPERIALIS?
Authors: Hariyono Hariyono , Wijaya Daya Negri
Published: March 2016

It is debatable that Raffles is seemed to be a Universalist or an imperialist. The first refers to a belief that he is an agent of the spread of Western values to the Eastern. Others claim that he is the Western imperialist to the Eastern. This is caused by the forced values to the Eastern. Raffles issued the reformation of policy because the colonialism of VOC and the government of French-Dutch did not have any humanistic policy. He issued many humanistic policies till the end of his government in Java. One of his policies was the slavery tax. The tax was used specifically to abolish the practice of slavery and to the welfare of people. In other side, Raffles forced people to work in his friend’s land, Alexander Hare who opened the plantation in Banjarmasin. The life of workers was really suffering however his thoughts and his efforts becoming an insight to oppose the heritage of feudalism (slavery). To short, there was a lesson learnt why Raffles’ ideas were failed and came back to the previous structure. 

 

Raffles dalam satu sisi terlihat sebagai seorang universalis dan disisi lain sebagai seorang imperialis. Ada yang memandang Raffles di Nusantara adalah penyebar nilai-nilai Barat ke dunia Timur. Sejarawan lain memandang Raffles sebagai bagian dari imperialisme Barat ke dunia Timur karena nilai-nilai yang ditawarkan tidak cocok dan dipaksakan secara politis. Raffles melakukan reformasi kebijakan karena kolonialisme VOC dan pemerintah kolonial Prancis-Belanda dirasa tidak humanis. Dia mengeluarkan banyak kebijakan yang bersifat humanis hingga akhir kepemimpinan. Salah satu kebijakannya adalah memberlakukan pajak bagi rakyat yang memiliki budak. Pajak digunakan sebagai penghapus praktek perbudakan secara khusus dan untuk kemaslahatan umat secara umum. Pada sisi lain Raffles mengirim pekerja pada sahabatnya Alexander Hare yang membuka perkebunan di dekat Banjarmasin. Kehidupan pekerja disana tentu sangat menderita tetapi pemikiran dan usahanya menjadi pelopor dalam menentang warisan feodalisme (perbudakan) yang patut dicela. Setidaknya dapat dijadikan pelajaran mengapa ide Raffles akhirnya terbentur dan kembali pada tatanan sebelumnya.

 
ISLAMISASI DI SULAWESI SELATAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH
Authors: Abdullah Anzar
Published: March 2016

This article aims to describe how the islamization process in South Sulawesi takes place approximately 17th century reviewed from Islam history, particularly related to when, who, where, and from where. Islamization in South Sulawesi took place in approximately 16M, has made social change for local people.  The change at least occurs by religion shift among people from previously Hindu-Buddhist to new religion, that is Islam. Islamization in South Sulawesi using top down pattern. It means that for the initial stage, Islam is accepted by the king then society officially embraces Islam. In the islamization context in South Sulawesi, this area is a bit late accepting Islam compared with other areas in the eastern part of Indonesia such as Maluku, and Kalimantan. However, the trading relationship with other kingdoms has occured since long time ago. The area which initially embraces Islam in South Sulawesi is The Gowa-Tallo Kingdom. The kingdom is also the first which declares Islam as the official religion in the kingdom. Likewise, the clerics dan the king have extremely big role for islamization in  South Sulawesi.

 

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana proses islamisasi di Sulawesi Selatan yang berlangsung sekitar abad ke 17 M ditinjau dari sejarah islam, terutama menyangkut kapan, siapa, di mana, dan dari mana. Islamisasi di Sulawesi Selatan yang berlangsung sekitar abad ke 16M, telah membawa perubahan  sosial terhadap masayarakat setempat. Setidaknya perubahan itu berlangsung melalui beralihnya agama masyarakat, dari agama yang sebelumnya bersifat Hindu-Budha ke agama baru, yaitu Islam.Islamisasi yang berlangsung di Sulawesi Selatan berlangsung melalui pola dari atas ke bawah (top down). Artinya, pada tahap awal Islam diterima oleh Raja, lalu setelah itu rakyat secara resmi memeluk agama Islam. Dalam konteks Islamisasi di Sulawesi Selatan, kawasan ini agak terlambat menerima agama Islam dibandingkan dengan kawasan lain di Timur Nusantara, seperti Maluku, dan Kalimantan. Namun hubungan perdagangan dengan kerajaan lainnya sudah berlangsung sejak lama.Adapun daerah Kerajaan yang lebih awal memeluk agama Islam di Sulawesi Selatan ialah Kerajaan Gowa-Tallo.Kerajaan ini juga yang pertama menjadikan Islam sebagai agama resmi kerajaan. Demikian juga peran Ulama dan Raja sangat besar peranannya dalam Islamisasi di Sulawesi Selatan.

 
NASIONALISME DALAM TEROR DI MANDAR TAHUN 1947
Authors: Hamid Abd Rahman
Published: March 2016

The desire becoming the new state (Republic) had been paid expensively by Mandar people. In February 1947, Westerling commited massacre in Galung Lombok and the surrounding areas. The victims were accused of being extremists, robbers, and murderers. They are executed without process of law process and forgiveness. This incident became the historical milestone in the area in defending the Republic from terror of Dutch troops. The movement had influence and extensive network, not only in South Sulawesi, but also in Java and Kalimantan. People’s struggles were organized by KRIS Muda and GAPRI5.3.1. As a results of this study, it was found that there was encounter between nationalism and religion. Other organizations, particularly ALRI-PS, had role for defending the Republic. Choosing Mandar as target location for Westerling terror showed an important and powerful influence of the movement struggle in this region.

 

Keinginan menjadi negara baru (republik) telah dibayar mahal oleh rakyat Mandar. Pada bulan Februari 1947, pasukan Westerling melakukan pembantaian massal di Galung Lombok dan daerah sekitarnya. Para korban dituduh sebagai ekstrimis, perampok, dan pembunuh. Mereka dieksekusi mati tanpa proses hukum dan ampun. Peristiwa ini menjadi tonggak sejarah daerah ini dalam membela Republik dari teror pasukan Be-landa. Gerakan itu memiliki pengaruh dan jaringan yang luas, tidak hanya di Sulawesi Selatan, tetapi juga Jawa dan Kalimantan.Perjuangan rakyat terorganisasi lewat KRIS Muda dan GAPRI 5.3.1. Dari hasil studi ini ditemukan adanya perjumpaan antara nasionalisme dan agama. Organisasi lain, khususnya ALRI-PS, berperan dalam membela republik. Dipilihnya Mandar sebagai lokasi sasaran teror Westerling menunjukkan penting dan kuatnya gerakan pengaruh perjuangan dari daerah ini.

 
Islamisasi dan Syariatisasi Samudera-Pasai Abad ke-14 Masehi
Authors: Yakin Ayang Utriza
Published: March 2016

This article discusses the process of Islamization and shariahization in Samudera Pasai. Pasai was the first region to be islamized by those who spread Islam from Arabian peninsula. From this region Islam spread throughout Nusantara. Pasai played an important role in Islamizing Nusantara. Based on local and foreign sources as well as the historiography of Pasai, this article tries to elaborate the process of Islamization of Samudera Pasai comprehensively. In terms of shariahization, it is meant as an endeavor to implement Islamic law which was initially identical with Islamization. Based on Ibn Batûtah, a Moroccon traveller, who visited Pasai, it is apparent that some aspects of Islamic law had been implemented and constituted as an integral part of societal and political life in this Muslim kingdom. This article shows that Islamic law had been practiced from the beginning as it went hand in hand with the process of Islamization.
Telaah Epistemologis Pendekatan Saintifik Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Kusaeri Kusaeri , Sa'adillah Rangga
Published: March 2016

This article seeks to find out the intersection between scientific approach and Islamic religious education as a subject matter. The scientific approach adopts scientific steps in building scientific knowledge, i.e. such featuring dimensions as observation, reasoning, inquiry, validation anD and description of scientific truth. Since the scientific approach is regarded as too empirical, rational and logical. In Cartesian sense, it contradicts the logical structure of the subject of Islamic religious education. Five aspects of Islamic religious education (the Qur’ân, Hadîth, Aqîdah Akhlaq, Fiqh, history of Islamic culture, and Arabic language) have different characteristics, even demand a non-scientific logics such as intuition and revelation. Aqîdah (belief), for example, which consists of the doctrine of monotheism (tawhid) is difficult to be scrutinized through empirical evidence. There are some other examples in this field which are difficult to be analyzed by means of scientific approach. Through library research, this article nevertheless finds that the logic of scientific approach and Islamic religious education can be integrated, since revelation and reason are mutually supportive.
Book review
Authors: Hewlett Peter
Published: March 2016

Analysis of Hardened Concrete: A Guide to Tests, Procedures and Interpretation of Results – Concrete Society Technical Report TR32, 2nd edition
DS Schottky barrier cylindrical GAA MOSFET: nanosensor for biochips
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Haldar Subhasis , Gupta Mridula , Gupta Radhey S.
Published: March 2016

This paper presents an extensive mathematical study of a proposed nanogap-embedded dopant-segregated (DS) Schottky barrier (SB) cylindrical gate all-around (CGAA) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) of negatively/positively charged and neutral species observed by numerical simulation using an Atlas three-dimensional device simulator for electrical and label-free detection of bio/chemical (DNA, pH) and neutral species (protein) respectively as a nanosensor in the biomedical field at high sensitivity for direct electronic readout. This is the first time that the use of a nanogap-embedded DS-SB-CGAA MOSFET as a bio/chemical sensor has been reported. The threshold voltage (V th) shift and change in current are considered as sensing metrics to detect biological or chemical species when they are immobilized in the carvel-built region. The shift in on current (I on) of the nanogap-embedded DS-SB-CGAA MOSFET is also taken as a sensing metric, and better performance is observed compared to a conventional SB-CGAA MOSFET sensor. It is advantageous in terms of its low power/energy consumption as well as from the point of view of integration with the forthcoming silicon-based lab-on-chip systems due to the compatibility with the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor process.
A Review of Discourse in English Language Education
Authors: Zand-Moghadam Amir , Golkhandan Arya
Published: March 2016

The main theme of this volume is to discuss discourse analysis and familiarize the readers, especially undergraduate students of TESOL and Education, with the main topics in discourse studies. According to Flowerdew, one of the features of this book is its focus on a wide range of approaches to discourse and discourse analysis, namely Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and Register, Speech Act Theory, the Cooperative Principle and Politeness, Conversation Analysis, Genre Analysis, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), and Corpus Linguistics. However, what distinguishes this book from others books of discourse, and probably from other similar books on discourse and language teaching, is its practical view toward discourse and discourse analysis, i.e., it is clearly shown, by referring to real-life examples, how every discourse topic, issue, or feature can be analyzed and then taught in a language class. In fact, Floweredew’s attempt in this volume is to familiarize the readers with how discourse analysis can inform the practice of English language teaching. Thus, the book utilizes research findings and suggests guidelines, models, and approaches to language teachers as to how discourse studies can be insightful in language teaching methodology, materials development, and evaluation.
La formación de los docentes de inglés en el marco del Plan Nacional de Bilingüismo (PNB): experiencias en una región de Antioquia
Authors: Sierra Ospina Nelly
Published: March 2016

Este artículo presenta los resultados preliminares de un estudio realizado en una región de Antioquia sobre las experiencias de los docentes de inglés en los programas de formación ofrecidos en el pnb. Es un estudio de casos múltiples de corte cualitativo, la recolección de datos se ha realizado a través de un cuestionario, entrevista semiestructurada a profundidad, y el análisis de documentos. Los resultados indican que el profesorado de la región se ha relacionado con el pnb por medio de las pruebas de diagnóstico de inglés y las ofertas de formación,de su experiencia en los programas de formación, aunque consideran positiva la iniciativa del gobierno, reportan pocas oportunidades de participación, poca continuidad y falta de seguimiento y acompañamiento en los procesos.
BALU: Largest autoclave research facility in the world
Authors: Ucan Hakan , Kruse Felix , Wiedemann Martin
Published: March 2016

Among the large-scale facilities operated at the Center for Lightweight-Production-Technology of the German Aerospace Center in Stade BALU is the world's largest research autoclave. With a loading length of 20m and a loading diameter of 5.8 m the main objective of the facility is the optimization of the curing process operated by components made of carbon fiber on an industrial scale. For this reason, a novel dynamic autoclaving control has been developed that is characterized by peripheral devices to expend the performance of the facility for differential applications, by sensing systems to detect the component state throughout the curing process and by a feedback system, which is capable to intervene into the running autoclave process.
Alterações vocálicas em final de palavra e a regra de palatalização
Authors: Liberato Yara Goulart
Published: March 2016

Resumo: Este estudo visa a apresentar uma análise gerativa de alguns processos fonológicos do português relacionados com a presença de limites de palavra. É também objetivo deste trabalho verificar se a ordenação das regras no componente fonológico é imprescindível, como parece ser no componente sintático. Isto se justifica porque, se nos for possível abrir mão dessa ordenação, estaremos simplificando consideravelmente a gramática.
A visão humorística do amor-representação em quatro contos de Tutaméia
Authors: Mendes Nancy Maria
Published: March 2016

Resumo: A análise de "Desenredo", "Reminisção", "Orientação" e "Palhaço da boca verde" se fará a partir de três invariantes básicas: a problemática amorosa, o caráter de representação evidente nos contos e a presença do humor, invariante principal de Tutaméia.
Propaganda e ideologia: uma abordagem semiótica
Authors: Campos Maria Helena Rabelo
Published: March 2016

Resumo: Este trabalho focalizará especificamente o discurso publicitário procurando estabelecer uma relação entre o anúncio e as características do discurso ideológico.
Análise e crítica literárias nas escolas
Authors: Coelho Haydée Ribeiro
Published: March 2016

Resumo: A abordagem do tema proposto será feita a partir da publicação de dois romances para estudo: Memórias de um Sargento de Milícias e A Moreninha. Nestes dois romances, respectivamente, Samira Nahid de Mesquita e Affonso Romano de Sant'Anna fazem um comentário crítico e analítico que segue paralelamente ao texto literário. Suas observações dirigem-se aos alunos de diferentes níveis de ensino: 1o e 2o graus, graduação e pós-graduação.
Fundador: a subversão do mito
Authors: Paulino Maria das Graças Rodrigues
Published: March 2016

Resumo: Fundador, de Nélida Piñon, constitui-se de três narrativas interligadas, de tom intencionalmente ritualístlco, nas quais o herói se insere num tempo e espaço mágicos, opondo-se ao poder constituído em nome do bem da comunidade. O maravilhoso se funde a toda a organização do romance, funcionando no sentido de constituir sua dimensão intertextual, na medida em que o relaciona explicitamente ao discurso mítico. Tal constatação faz com que possamos situar Fundador naquela categoria de obras literárias "cuja apreensão requer obrigatoriamente um método arquetípico".
O latente manifesto
Authors: Ramos Maria Luiza
Published: March 2016

Resumo: Em Amar, verbo intransitivo, de Mário de Andrade, há uma passagem em que o Narrador sintetiza em um parágrafo as características do Expressionismo, a propósito de livros e revistas que Fräulein Elza tomara emprestados a um amigo recém-chegado da Alemanha: "uma coleção de "Der Sturm" e obras de Schikele, Franz Werfel e Casimiro Edschmid." (p. 46)
Corpo, sujeito e experiência: rede telemática, TV e leitura
Authors: Rena Alemar
Published: March 2016

Resumo: O presente artigo investiga a experiência do sujeito perante as telas e os textos verbais. É dada ênfase aos meios TV, rede telemática e livro, embora eventualmente se aborde também o jornal impresso e o rádio. Argumenta-se que o limite entre real e virtual é mais complexo (senão impossível) de ser apontado do que parece, pois diante dos meios virtualizadores nos encontramos em um entre-lugar. Discute-se ainda a identidade do sujeito perante os meios, sugerindo estar aí o cerne da questão sobre o que os meios virtuais significam, do ponto de vista social e político, para o homem contemporâneo.

Palavras-chave: meios; experiência; identidade.

Abstract: The present essay looks at the subject’s experience before the screens and verbal texts. Emphasis is given on TV, Internet and book, although radio and newspaper are also approached. It is argued here that the limits between reality and virtuality are more complex (if not impossible) to be pointed out than it normally seems to be, for before the virtualizing media we find ourselves in between. The identity of the subject before the media is also discussed; it is suggested that this discussion is crucial for an understanding of what the media might mean for contemporary man from the social and political points of view.

Keywords: media; experience; identity.
O médium, a mediação e o imediato – livro, cinema e televisão em Beatriz Sarlo
Authors: Otte Georg , Andrade Ianá Costa de
Published: March 2016

Resumo: Partindo de algumas reflexões fundamentais em torno dos conceitos “medium” e “gravação”, da comunicação simultânea “no espaço” e da comunicação sucessiva “no tempo” e da diferença entre a oralidade e a escrita, o presente texto analisa as idéias de Beatriz Sarlo sobre o livro, o cinema e a televisão enquanto portadores de diversas estéticas da comunicação.

Palavras-chave: comunicação; gravação; estética.

Abstract: Starting form some fundamental reflexions about the concepts of “medium” and “recording”, of the simultaneous communication “in space” and the successive communication “in time” and of orality and writing, the present text analyzes the ideas of Beatriz Sarlo concerning books, movies e television as carriers of a different communicative aesthetics.

Keywords: communication; recordin; aesthetics.

 
As incompletudes da televisão abrem espaço para a imaginação do telespectador
Authors: Machado Arlindo , Ramos Mônica
Published: March 2016

Arlindo Machado é entrevistado por Mônica Ramos.
Sentimos a necessidade de criar um projeto específico para o incentivo da leitura
Authors: Fortini Janice , Herédia Kênia Aulízia
Published: March 2016

Kênia Aulízia Herédia entrevista Janice Fortini.