bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and crystal structures of a potent second-generation dual degrader of BCL-2 and BCL-xL
Authors: Nayak Digant , Lv Dongwen , Yuan Yaxia , Zhang Peiyi , Hu Wanyi , Nayak Anindita , Ruben Eliza A. , Lv Zongyang , Sung Patrick , Hromas Robert , Zheng Guangrong , Zhou Daohong , Olsen Shaun K.
Published: March 2024

Overexpression of BCL-xL and BCL-2 play key roles in tumorigenesis and cancer drug resistance. Advances in PROTAC technology facilitated recent development of the first BCL-xL/BCL-2 dual degrader, 753b, a VHL-based degrader with improved potency and reduced toxicity compared to previous small molecule inhibitors. Here, we determine crystal structures of VHL/753b/BCL-xL and VHL/753b/BCL-2 ternary complexes. The two ternary complexes exhibit markedly different architectures that are accompanied by distinct networks of interactions at the VHL/753b-linker/target interfaces. The importance of these interfacial contacts is validated via functional analysis and informed subsequent rational and structure-guided design focused on the 753b linker and BCL-2/BCL-xL warhead. This results in the design of a degrader, WH244, with enhanced potency to degrade BCL-xL/BCL-2 in cells. Using biophysical assays followed by in cell activities, we are able to explain the enhanced target degradation of BCL-xL/BCL-2 in cells. Most PROTACs are empirically designed and lack structural studies, making it challenging to understand their modes of action and specificity. Our work presents a streamlined approach that combines rational design and structure-based insights backed with cell-based studies to develop effective PROTAC-based cancer therapeutics.
Enhancing combinatorial optimization with classical and quantum generative models
Authors: Alcazar Javier , Ghazi Vakili Mohammad , Kalayci Can B. , Perdomo-Ortiz Alejandro
Published: March 2024

Devising an efficient exploration of the search space is one of the key challenges in the design of combinatorial optimization algorithms. Here, we introduce the Generator-Enhanced Optimization (GEO) strategy: a framework that leverages any generative model (classical, quantum, or quantum-inspired) to solve optimization problems. We focus on a quantum-inspired version of GEO relying on tensor-network Born machines, and referred to hereafter as TN-GEO. To illustrate our results, we run these benchmarks in the context of the canonical cardinality-constrained portfolio optimization problem by constructing instances from the S&P 500 and several other financial stock indexes, and demonstrate how the generalization capabilities of these quantum-inspired generative models can provide real value in the context of an industrial application. We also comprehensively compare state-of-the-art algorithms and show that TN-GEO is among the best; a remarkable outcome given the solvers used in the comparison have been fine-tuned for decades in this real-world industrial application. Also, a promising step toward a practical advantage with quantum-inspired models and, subsequently, with quantum generative models
Room temperature 3D carbon microprinting
Authors: Torres-Davila Fernand E. , Chagoya Katerina L. , Blanco Emma E. , Shahzad Saqib , Shultz-Johnson Lorianne R. , Mogensen Mirra , Gesquiere Andre , Jurca Titel , Rochdi Nabil , Blair Richard G. , Tetard Laurene
Published: March 2024

Manufacturing custom three-dimensional (3D) carbon functional materials is of utmost importance for applications ranging from electronics and energy devices to medicine, and beyond. In lieu of viable eco-friendly synthesis pathways, conventional methods of carbon growth involve energy-intensive processes with inherent limitations of substrate compatibility. The yearning to produce complex structures, with ultra-high aspect ratios, further impedes the quest for eco-friendly and scalable paths toward 3D carbon-based materials patterning. Here, we demonstrate a facile process for carbon 3D printing at room temperature, using low-power visible light and a metal-free catalyst. Within seconds to minutes, this one-step photocatalytic growth yields rod-shaped microstructures with aspect ratios up to ~500 and diameters below 10 μm. The approach enables the rapid patterning of centimeter-size arrays of rods with tunable height and pitch, and of custom complex 3D structures. The patterned structures exhibit appealing luminescence properties and ohmic behavior, with great potential for optoelectronics and sensing applications, including those interfacing with biological systems.
Nanoparticles targeting mutant p53 overcome chemoresistance and tumor recurrence in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Bi Yu-Yang , Chen Qiu , Yang Ming-Yuan , Xing Lei , Jiang Hu-Lin
Published: March 2024

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) shows high drug resistance and leads to low survival due to the high level of mutated Tumor Protein p53 (TP53). Cisplatin is a first-line treatment option for NSCLC, and the p53 mutation is a major factor in chemoresistance. We demonstrate that cisplatin chemotherapy increases the risk of TP53 mutations, further contributing to cisplatin resistance. Encouragingly, we find that the combination of cisplatin and fluvastatin can alleviate this problem. Therefore, we synthesize Fluplatin, a prodrug consisting of cisplatin and fluvastatin. Then, Fluplatin self-assembles and is further encapsulated with poly-(ethylene glycol)–phosphoethanolamine (PEG–PE), we obtain Fluplatin@PEG–PE nanoparticles (FP NPs). FP NPs can degrade mutant p53 (mutp53) and efficiently trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). In this study, we show that FP NPs relieve the inhibition of cisplatin chemotherapy caused by mutp53, exhibiting highly effective tumor suppression and improving the poor NSCLC prognosis.
Adhesion energy controls lipid binding-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Groza Raluca , Schmidt Kita Valerie , Müller Paul Markus , Ronchi Paolo , Schlack-Leigers Claire , Neu Ursula , Puchkov Dmytro , Dimova Rumiana , Matthaeus Claudia , Taraska Justin , Weikl Thomas R. , Ewers Helge
Published: March 2024

Several bacterial toxins and viruses can deform membranes through multivalent binding to lipids for clathrin-independent endocytosis. However, it remains unclear, how membrane deformation and endocytic internalization are mechanistically linked. Here we show that many lipid-binding virions induce membrane deformation and clathrin-independent endocytosis, suggesting a common mechanism based on multivalent lipid binding by globular particles. We create a synthetic cellular system consisting of a lipid-anchored receptor in the form of GPI-anchored anti-GFP nanobodies and a multivalent globular binder exposing 180 regularly-spaced GFP molecules on its surface. We show that these globular, 40 nm diameter, particles bind to cells expressing the receptor, deform the plasma membrane upon adhesion and become endocytosed in a clathrin-independent manner. We explore the role of the membrane adhesion energy in endocytosis by using receptors with affinities varying over 7 orders of magnitude. Using this system, we find that once a threshold in adhesion energy is overcome to allow for membrane deformation, endocytosis occurs reliably. Multivalent, binding-induced membrane deformation by globular binders is thus sufficient for internalization to occur and we suggest it is the common, purely biophysical mechanism for lipid-binding mediated endocytosis of toxins and pathogens.
Gene-expression memory-based prediction of cell lineages from scRNA-seq datasets
Authors: Eisele A. S. , Tarbier M. , Dormann A. A. , Pelechano V. , Suter D. M.
Published: March 2024

Assigning single cell transcriptomes to cellular lineage trees by lineage tracing has transformed our understanding of differentiation during development, regeneration, and disease. However, lineage tracing is technically demanding, often restricted in time-resolution, and most scRNA-seq datasets are devoid of lineage information. Here we introduce Gene Expression Memory-based Lineage Inference (GEMLI), a computational tool allowing to robustly identify small to medium-sized cell lineages solely from scRNA-seq datasets. GEMLI allows to study heritable gene expression, to discriminate symmetric and asymmetric cell fate decisions and to reconstruct individual multicellular structures from pooled scRNA-seq datasets. In human breast cancer biopsies, GEMLI reveals previously unknown gene expression changes at the onset of cancer invasiveness. The universal applicability of GEMLI allows studying the role of small cell lineages in a wide range of physiological and pathological contexts, notably in vivo. GEMLI is available as an R package on GitHub (https://github.com/UPSUTER/GEMLI).
Efficacy of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus versus globus pallidus internus on sensory complaints
Authors: Ghilardi Maria Gabriela S. , Campos Ana Carolina P. , Cury Rubens G. , Martinez Raquel C. R. , Pagano Rosana L. , Fonoff Erich T.
Published: March 2024

Pain control after deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains unclear. Following six months, subthalamic (STN)-DBS reduced sensory complaints related to parkinsonism and bodily discomfort, increasing central beta-endorphin level. Pallidal GPi-DBS decreased bodily discomfort and beta-endorphin levels. Unexplained pain by other conditions and bodily discomfort were negatively correlated with beta-endorphin levels. Thus, DBS regulates central opioids, and prioritizing STN is important for PD patients with significant sensory complications.
Neuro-computing solution for Lorenz differential equations through artificial neural networks integrated with PSO-NNA hybrid meta-heuristic algorithms: a comparative study
Authors: Aslam Muhammad Naeem , Aslam Muhammad Waheed , Arshad Muhammad Sarmad , Afzal Zeeshan , Hassani Murad Khan , Zidan Ahmed M. , Akgül Ali
Published: March 2024

In this article, examine the performance of a physics informed neural networks (PINN) intelligent approach for predicting the solution of non-linear Lorenz differential equations. The main focus resides in the realm of leveraging unsupervised machine learning for the prediction of the Lorenz differential equation associated particle swarm optimization (PSO) hybridization with the neural networks algorithm (NNA) as ANN-PSO-NNA. In particular embark on a comprehensive comparative analysis employing the Lorenz differential equation for proposed approach as test case. The nonlinear Lorenz differential equations stand as a quintessential chaotic system, widely utilized in scientific investigations and behavior of dynamics system. The validation of physics informed neural network (PINN) methodology expands to via multiple independent runs, allowing evaluating the performance of the proposed ANN-PSO-NNA algorithms. Additionally, explore into a comprehensive statistical analysis inclusive metrics including minimum (min), maximum (max), average, standard deviation (S.D) values, and mean squared error (MSE). This evaluation provides found observation into the adeptness of proposed AN-PSO-NNA hybridization approach across multiple runs, ultimately improving the understanding of its utility and efficiency.
Modeling and development of technology for smelting a complex alloy (ligature) Fe-Si-Mn-Al from manganese-containing briquettes and high-ash coals
Authors: Nurumgaliyev Assylbek , Zhuniskaliyev Talgat , Shevko Viktor , Mukhambetgaliyev Yerbol , Kelamanov Bauyrzhan , Kuatbay Yerbol , Badikova Alexandra , Yerekeyeva Gauhar , Volokitina Irina
Published: March 2024

Investigation of the possibility of obtaining a complex master alloy used in the deoxidation of steel, smelted from substandard manganese-containing materials, briquettes, and high-ash coals in ore-thermal electric furnaces. Thermodynamic modeling was carried out using the HSC Chemistry software package to determine the optimal process parameters using a second-order rotatable plan (Box-Hunter plan). Thermodynamic modeling improves the understanding of physical and chemical processes, allows making predictions about the behavior of the system under various conditions, optimizing processes and saving time and resources necessary for experiments. Electric smelting of the briquette was carried out with coal and quartzite (to adjust the chemical composition and neutralize residual carbon) in an ore-thermal electric furnace with a power of up to 150 kV*A. The influence of temperature on the equilibrium distribution of silicon, manganese, and aluminum in the «briquette-coal-quartzite» system, the degree of transition of silicon and manganese into a complex ligature and the content of these metals in the alloy are determined by the method of thermodynamic modeling. As a result of experiments on ore-thermal electric smelting of a briquette with high-ash coal, a complex ligature was obtained with an average content of 45.92–53.11% silicon, 27.72–34.81% manganese and 5.60–6.91% aluminum.
Predictors of nirmatrelvir–ritonavir receipt among COVID-19 patients in a large US health system
Authors: Malden Deborah E. , McLaughlin John M. , Hong Vennis , Lewnard Joseph , Ackerson Bradley K. , Puzniak Laura , Kim Jeniffer S. , Takhar Harpreet , Frankland Timothy B. , Slezak Jeff M. , Tartof Sara Y.
Published: March 2024

A clear understanding of real-world uptake of nirmatrelvir–ritonavir for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 can inform treatment allocation strategies and improve interpretation of effectiveness studies. We used data from a large US healthcare system to describe nirmatrelvir–ritonavir dispenses among all SARS-CoV-2 positive patients aged ≥ 12 years meeting recommended National Institutes of Health treatment eligibility criteria for the study period between 1 January and 31 December, 2022. Overall, 10.9% (N = 34,791/319,900) of treatment eligible patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections received nirmatrelvir–ritonavir over the study period. Although uptake of nirmatrelvir–ritonavir increased over time, by the end of 2022, less than a quarter of treatment eligible patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections had received nirmatrelvir–ritonavir. Across patient demographics, treatment was generally consistent with tiered treatment guidelines, with dispenses concentrated among patients aged ≥ 65 years (14,706/63,921; 23.0%), and with multiple comorbidities (10,989/54,431; 20.1%). However, neighborhoods of lower socioeconomic status (upper third of neighborhood deprivation index [NDI]) had between 12% (95% CI: 7–18%) and 28% (25–32%) lower odds of treatment dispense over the time periods studied compared to the lower third of NDI distribution, even after accounting for demographic and clinical characteristics. A limited chart review (N = 40) confirmed that in some cases a decision not to treat was appropriate and aligned with national guidelines to use clinical judgement on a case-by-case basis. There is a need to enhance patient and provider awareness on the availability and benefits of nirmatrelvir–ritonavir for the treatment of COVID-19 illness.
Torques in the human upper ankle joint level and their importance in conservative and surgical treatment
Authors: Dygut Jacek , Piwowar Monika
Published: March 2024

The paper deals with the torques of external muscles acting on the upper ankle joint under weight-bearing conditions and their importance in diagnosing and treating the human foot. Experimental data were collected and calculations were performed. Based on the experiments with the biomechanical model of the foot and upper ankle joint, it was shown how the changes in the force arms of the external muscles of the foot under weight-bearing conditions, change the torque. The real values of muscle forces and torques of the external muscles of the foot were calculated. Taking into account the distance of the lines of muscle action from the axis of rotation of the upper ankle joint the rotational force of the muscles was calculated. The influence of changing the force arm on the rotational efficiency of the muscle balancing the moment of gravity was shown. Knowledge of muscle torque under weight-bearing conditions is crucial for correctly assessing foot biomechanics. It has been shown that torque (gravitational and muscular), not pure force, is crucial when assessing the rotational capacity of the analyzed joint. A change in the approach to diagnostics and treating paresis or weakness of extrinsic foot muscles was proposed through the manipulation of the distance of their action line from the axis of joint rotation.
Expression and influence of KATP in umbilical artery smooth muscle cells of patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Authors: Yin Benlan , Yu Xiaotong , Fu Xiaodong , Liu Xiyuan , Xiao Jing , Yu Linli , Nie Yunying , Zhang Yujiao
Published: March 2024

The objective of this study is to investigate the expression and influence of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) in human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs) of patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of KATP inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir)6.1 and sulphonylurea receptor (SUR)2B subunits in HUASMCs from patients with normal parturients (NP), gestational hypertension (GH), chronic hypertension (CH), preeclampsia (PE) and chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia (CHSP), respectively. There was no significant difference in the protein expression of Kir6.1 subunit in NP group, GH group, CH group, PE group and CHSP group (P > 0.05). The protein expression of SUR2B subunit was gradually decreased in NP group, GH group, CH group, PE group and CHSP group, with statistically significant difference among the groups (P < 0.05). The altered expression level of KATP SUR2B subunit may be involved in the pathogenesis of HDP. The severity of HDP may be related to the degree of decrease of SUR2B subunit.
High temporal resolution data reveal low bat and insect activity over managed meadows in central Europe
Authors: Dietzer Melina T. , Keicher Lara , Kohles Jenna E. , Hurme Edward R. , Ruczyński Ireneusz , Borowik Tomasz , Zegarek Marcin , Choiński Mateusz , Dechmann Dina K. N.
Published: March 2024

Increasing agriculture and pesticide use have led to declines in insect populations and biodiversity worldwide. In addition to insect diversity, it is also important to consider insect abundance, due to the importance of insects as food for species at higher trophic levels such as bats. We monitored spatiotemporal variation in abundance of nocturnal flying insects over meadows, a common open landscape structure in central Europe, and correlated it with bat feeding activity. Our most important result was that insect abundance was almost always extremely low. This was true regardless of management intensity of the different meadows monitored. We also found no correlation of insect abundance or the presence of insect swarms with bat feeding activity. This suggests that insect abundance over meadows was too low and insect swarms too rare for bats to risk expending energy to search for them. Meadows appeared to be poor habitat for nocturnal flying insects, and of low value as a foraging habitat for bats. Our study highlights the importance of long-term monitoring of insect abundance, especially at high temporal scales to identify and protect foraging habitats. This will become increasingly important given the rapid decline of insects.
Investigating diagnostic potential of long non-coding RNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using TCGA database and clinical specimens
Authors: Lan Ting , Yan Yuxiang , Zheng Dali , Ding Lincan
Published: March 2024

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a prevalent and prognostically challenging cancer worldwide. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer regulation is progressively being understood. This study aims to identify lncRNAs with diagnostic potential as biomarkers for HNSCC. Statistical analysis was performed on expression data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to identify potential lncRNAs associated with HNSCC. Four selected lncRNAs were validated using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and correlated with clinical factors. Functional roles were further investigated. A total of 488 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified in TCGA-HNSC. After rigorous evaluation based on p-values, survival analysis, and ROC analysis, 24 lncRNAs were prioritized for additional investigation. LINC00460, LINC00941, CTC-241F20.4, and RP11-357H14.17 were established as candidate diagnostic biomarkers. These lncRNAs exhibited elevated expression in HNSCC tissues and were associated with poor prognosis. Combining them showed high diagnostic accuracy. Notably, LINC00460 and CTC-241F20.4 demonstrated a significant elevation in the advanced stages of HNSCC. We constructed an lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network, and the array of significant regulatory pathways identified included focal adhesion, regulation of epithelial cell migration, and others. Additionally, these lncRNAs were found to influence immune responses by modulating immune cell infiltration in the HNSCC microenvironment. Our research indicates that LINC00460, LINC00941, RP11-357H14.17, and CTC-241F20.4 may have diagnostic and prognostic importance in HNSCC. Furthermore, we have gained insights into their potential functional roles, particularly about immune responses and interactions in the microenvironment.
Secondhand smoke increases the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Su Wen-Chi , Juan Huai-Lei , Lee Jia-In , Huang Shu-Pin , Chen Szu-Chia , Geng Jiun-Hung
Published: March 2024

Smoking is the most important risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), however evidence from large-scale studies on whether secondhand smoke (SHS) increases the risk of COPD is still lacking. We conducted this large longitudinal study to investigate the association between SHS and the development of COPD. This is a longitudinal study. Data on 6519 subjects who were never-smokers, had no history of COPD, and had complete lung function records were extracted from the Taiwan Biobank. They were divided into two groups according to SHS exposure: no exposure and exposure groups. Data were collected when participants enrolled in the study and during regular follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between SHS and the risk of developing COPD. At 48 months of follow-up, 260 (4%) participants in the no exposure group and 34 (7%) participants in the exposure group developed COPD. The RR of incident COPD development was significantly higher in the exposure group than that in the no exposure group after adjusting for confounders (RR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.04 to 2.14; P value = 0.031). There is a dose–response relationship between the duration of exposure to SHS and the risk of incident COPD, which demonstrates that an additional hour of exposure to SHS per week was associated with a 1.03-fold increased likelihood of developing COPD after adjusting for confounders (RR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.05; P value = 0.027). SHS exposure contributes to the development of COPD. This finding can help raise awareness of the harms of SHS and provide a reference for formulating anti-smoking policies.
Control of breathing by orexinergic signaling in the nucleus tractus solitarii
Authors: Wang Yakun , Deng Tianjiao , Zhao Xue , Shao Liuqi , Chen Jinting , Fu Congrui , He Wei , Wang Xiaoyi , Wang Hanqiao , Yuan Fang , Wang Sheng
Published: March 2024

Orexin signaling plays a facilitatory role in respiration. Abnormalities in orexin levels correlate with disordered breathing patterns and impaired central respiratory chemoreception. Nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) neurons expressing the transcription factor Phox2b contribute to the chemoreceptive regulation of respiration. However, the extent to which orexinergic signaling modulates respiratory activity in these Phox2b-expressing NTS neurons remains unclear. In the present study, the injection of orexin A into the NTS significantly increased the firing rate of the phrenic nerve. Further analysis using fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed that orexin 1 receptors (OX1Rs) were primarily located in the ventrolateral subdivision of the NTS and expressed in 25% of Phox2b-expressing neurons. Additionally, electrophysiological recordings showed that exposure to orexin A increased the spontaneous firing rate of Phox2b-expressing neurons. Immunostaining experiments with cFos revealed that the OX1R-residing Phox2b-expressing neurons were activated by an 8% CO2 stimulus. Crucially, OX1R knockdown in these NTS neurons notably blunted the ventilatory response to 8% CO2, alongside an increase in sigh-related apneas. In conclusion, orexinergic signaling in the NTS facilitates breathing through the activation of OX1Rs, which induces the depolarization of Phox2b-expressing neurons. OX1Rs are essential for the involvement of Phox2b-expressing NTS neurons in the hypercapnic ventilatory response.
Blood-inspired random bit generation using microfluidics system
Authors: Yoon Inkwon , Han Jong Hyeok , Park Byeong Uk , Jeon Hee-Jae
Published: March 2024

The development of random number generators (RNGs) using speckle patterns is pivotal for secure encryption key generation, drawing from the recent statistical properties identified in speckle-based imaging. Speckle-based RNG systems generate a sequence of random numbers through the unpredictable and reproducible nature of speckle patterns, ensuring a source of randomness that is independent of algorithms. However, to guarantee their effectiveness and reliability, these systems demand a meticulous and rigorous approach. In this study, we present a blood-inspired RNG system with a microfluidics device, designed to generate random numbers at a rate of 5.5 MHz and a high-speed of 1250 fps. This process is achieved by directing a laser beam through a volumetric scattering medium to procure speckle patterns. Additionally, designed microfluidic device requires only a minimal blood sample of 5 µl to capture these speckle patterns effectively. After implementing the two-pass tuple-output von Neumann debiasing algorithm to counteract statistical biases, we utilized the randomness statistical test suite from the National Institute of Standards and Technology for validation. The generated numbers successfully passed these tests, ensuring their randomness and unpredictability. Our blood-inspired RNG, utilizing whole blood, offers a pathway for affordable, high-output applications in fields like encryption, computer security, and data protection.
Inkjet printed IGZO memristors with volatile and non-volatile switching
Authors: Franco Miguel , Kiazadeh Asal , Deuermeier Jonas , Lanceros-Méndez S. , Martins Rodrigo , Carlos Emanuel
Published: March 2024

Solution-based memristors deposited by inkjet printing technique have a strong technological potential based on their scalability, low cost, environmentally friendlier processing by being an efficient technique with minimal material waste. Indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO), an oxide semiconductor material, shows promising resistive switching properties. In this work, a printed Ag/IGZO/ITO memristor has been fabricated. The IGZO thickness influences both memory window and switching voltage of the devices. The devices show both volatile counter8wise (c8w) and non-volatile 8wise (8w) switching at low operating voltage. The 8w switching has a SET and RESET voltage lower than 2 V and − 5 V, respectively, a retention up to 105 s and a memory window up to 100, whereas the c8w switching shows volatile characteristics with a low threshold voltage (Vth < − 0.65 V) and a characteristic time (τ) of 0.75 ± 0.12 ms when a single pulse of − 0.65 V with width of 0.1 ms is applied. The characteristic time alters depending on the number of pulses. These volatile characteristics allowed them to be tested on different 4-bit pulse sequences, as an initial proof of concept for temporal signal processing applications.
Adsorption on nanoparticles with surface defects: mean field and energy level approaches
Authors: Pasinetti P. M. , Pena-Ausar J. E. , Pinto O. A.
Published: March 2024

In this work, two theoretical approaches, the so-called energy level theoretical approach and an extension of the modified mean field approach, are applied to the study of the surface decoration of modified crystalline nanoparticles.
Nonvolatile electric-field control of topological phase transition in a two-dimensional ferroelectric heterostructure
Authors: Duan Xunkai , Zhu Ziye , Chen Xiaofang , Song Zhigang , Qi Jingshan
Published: March 2024

Topological phase transitions can be controlled by nonvolatile electric-fields through ferroelectric heterostructure engineering.
A reinvestigation of the boron cluster B15+/0/−: a benchmark of density functionals and consideration of aromaticity models
Authors: Jeilani Yassin A. , Van Duong Long , Al Qahtani Obaid Moraya Saeed , Nguyen Minh Tho
Published: March 2024

This study presents a thorough reinvestigation of the B15+/0/− isomers, first employing coupled-cluster theory CCSD(T) calculations to validate the performance of different DFT functionals.
Strong mechanical anisotropy and an anisotropic Dirac state in 2D C5N3
Authors: Tan Rui , Chen Xueqing , Dai Liyufen , Ouyang Yulou , Cao Liemao , Tang Zhenkun , Ma Ming , Wei Xiaolin , Zhong Gaokuo
Published: March 2024

A 2D carbon nitride TPH-C5N3 with strong mechanical anisotropy and an anisotropic Dirac cone is proposed.
Ternary polythiophene enables over 17% efficiency organic solar cells
Authors: Ai Qi , Lin Zhihui , Wu Xiangxi , Zhu Yufan , Wang Ke , Li Xiaojun , Zhang Jianqi , He Dan , Li Yongfang , Zhao Fuwen
Published: March 2024

Two ternary polythiophenes (PTs), PT-CN and PT-2CN, as donors are developed to deepen energy levels, reduce miscibility and regulate crystallinity. PT-CN:BTP-eC9 based OSCs gain an impressive PCE of 17.27%, which is the record for PT-based OSCs.
Planar-structured thiadiazoloquinoxaline-based NIR-II dye for tumor phototheranostics
Authors: Zheng Liangyu , Zhao Ziqi , Xue Chun , An Lei , Na Weidan , Gao Fan , Shao Jinjun , Ou Changjin
Published: March 2024

The 6,7-diphenyl-[1,2,5]thiadiazoloquinoxaline-based NIR-II dye TP-TQ1 nanoparticles with a planar molecular conformation display a maximum absorption peak at 877 nm with a quantum yield of 0.69% and a photothermal conversion efficiency of 48%.
Multiferroicity in 2D MSX2 (M = Nb and Zr; X = Cl, Br, and I)
Authors: Li Yutong , Bai Haoyun , Yu Zhichao , Kwok Chi Tat , Pan Hui
Published: March 2024

Based on density functional theory, we theoretically investigate the multiferroic behaviors of 2D MSX2 and uncover differences between electronic structures in FE and PE phases induced by the PJTE mechanism.
Rethinking multi‐spatial information for transferable adversarial attacks on speaker recognition systems
Authors: Zhang Junjian , Tan Hao , Wang Le , Qian Yaguan , Gu Zhaoquan
Published: March 2024

Adversarial attacks have been posing significant security concerns to intelligent systems, such as speaker recognition systems (SRSs). Most attacks assume the neural networks in the systems are known beforehand, while black‐box attacks are proposed without such information to meet practical situations. Existing black‐box attacks improve transferability by integrating multiple models or training on multiple datasets, but these methods are costly. Motivated by the optimisation strategy with spatial information on the perturbed paths and samples, we propose a Dual Spatial Momentum Iterative Fast Gradient Sign Method (DS‐MI‐FGSM) to improve the transferability of black‐box attacks against SRSs. Specifically, DS‐MI‐FGSM only needs a single data and one model as the input; by extending to the data and model neighbouring spaces, it generates adversarial examples against the integrating models. To reduce the risk of overfitting, DS‐MI‐FGSM also introduces gradient masking to improve transferability. The authors conduct extensive experiments regarding the speaker recognition task, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of their method, which can achieve up to 92% attack success rate on the victim model in black‐box scenarios with only one known model.
Enhanced Surface Protection: Microwave-Assisted Metallic Cladding of Ni-ZrO2 Mixture onto SS-304
Authors: Chandrashekar Rakesh , Q Mohammad , Arelli Madhavi , Dutt Amit , Arora Sethi Vandana , L N Rao A.
Published: March 2024

This study focuses on enhancing surface protection through microwave-assisted metallic cladding of a Ni-ZrO2 mixture onto SS-304 substrates. Meticulous preparation steps ensured effective deposition: SS-304 underwent thorough cleaning, while the Ni-ZrO2 mixture was preheated to remove moisture. Maintaining uniform distribution was crucial for consistent coating thickness. Microwaves interacted differently with materials, necessitating consideration of material-specific skin depth to avoid direct particle-microwave interaction. Microwave hybrid heating (MHH) with charcoal as a susceptor overcame microwave reflection, facilitating rapid heating of the powder mixture. A pure graphite sheet prevented contamination during MHH. Subsequent irradiation in a multimode microwave applicator for 120 seconds ensured uniform and controlled heating, as illustrated in Figure 1. SEM analysis revealed the distribution and morphology of Ni and ZrO2 particles on the SS-304 surface, indicating effective deposition and adherence. A significant improvement in surface hardness (40.78%) post-cladding was observed. Furthermore, the wear rate and coefficient of friction of the cladded surface were determined to be 0.00124 mm3/m and 0.243, respectively. These findings highlight the promising tribological performance of the Ni-ZrO2 cladded surface, underscoring its potential for applications requiring enhanced surface protection and improved mechanical properties.
Enhancing Wear and Surface Hardness: Revolutionizing SS-304 with Microwave-Assisted Cladding of Ni-SiO2 Composite Coatings
Authors: R J Anandhi , V.Y Bharadwaj , Ginni Nijhawan , Singh Shivani , A Kakoli Rao , Abood Ahmed Salam
Published: March 2024

The present study focuses on revolutionizing SS-304 through microwave-assisted cladding of Ni-SiO2 composite coatings, aiming to enhance wear resistance and surface hardness properties. Meticulous preparation steps ensure effective deposition of a Ni and 15% SiO2 particle mixture onto SS-304 substrates. Thorough cleaning and preheating eliminate contaminants and moisture content, crucial for preventing coating defects. Maintaining material-specific skin depth and utilizing microwave hybrid heating ensure precise and uniform coating formation. Microwave-assisted cladding exhibits a uniform distribution of Ni and SiO2 particles across the substrate surface, crucial for consistent coating thickness and mechanical property enhancement. The surface hardness of SS-304 increases significantly by approximately 36.89% post-cladding, highlighting improved wear resistance. Tribological testing reveals favorable performance, with a wear rate of 0.0026 mm³/m and a coefficient of friction of 0.193. These findings underscore the efficacy of microwave-assisted cladding in enhancing the mechanical properties of SS-304, offering valuable insights for applications requiring enhanced durability and frictional performance.
Enhancing Residential Security: Implementation of an IoT-based Anti-Theft Flooring System
Authors: Ram Kumar R. P. , Vamsi Krishna K. , Chandra Sharath , Sathish Kali , Saleh Mashkour Muthana , K Aravinda , Nagpal Amandeep , Praveen
Published: March 2024

The Anti-Theft Flooring System (ATFS) is Internet of Things (IoT) solution developed for enhancing residential safety and security. The system employs pressure sensors that are integrated into the flooring or into the floor mat, this system easily identifies intruder presence upon stepping, initiating a secure One-Time Password (OTP) generation process. The OTP is dispatched to pre-registered mobile numbers, serving as a safe and secure verification mechanism. The OTP when entered correctly within time triggers the system to unlock the door automatically. In case, OTP is entered wrongly or remains unentered for a 60-second timeframe, a Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication module triggers an alarm to promptly inform the user of potential security threats. This is how the system seamlessly combines IoT technology for real-time communication, offering an effective and proactive approach to residential safety at lower costs.
Enhancing Aluminum-Based Composite Manufacturing: Leveraging ZrB2 Reinforcement via Friction Stir Process
Authors: Kareem Hawraa , G Veeresh , K Arun , Nagpal Amandeep , Maan Preeti , Singh Harjeet
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the enhancement of aluminum-based composite manufacturing through the utilization of ZrB2 reinforcement via Friction Stir Process (FSP). Achieving a uniform distribution of ZrB2 particles is crucial for optimizing material properties. The addition of ZrB2 nanoparticles using FSP has led to notable improvements in various mechanical properties of aluminum. Tensile strength increased by 20.25%, hardness by 35.67%, fatigue strength by 23.67%, and wear resistance by 29.45%. These enhancements underscore the effectiveness of nanoparticle reinforcement in fortifying aluminum matrices against mechanical stresses and wear mechanisms. The results demonstrate the potential of FSP-based techniques in tailoring the mechanical properties of aluminum-based composites for diverse applications. This research contributes valuable insights into advanced manufacturing methods for developing high-performance materials with enhanced mechanical characteristics, facilitating the advancement of aluminum composite technologies for industries requiring superior strength, durability, and wear resistance.
Design and CFD Simulation of Supersonic Nozzle by Komega turbulence model for Supersonic Wind Tunnel
Authors: Raman Ravi Shankar , Vinod Kumar S. , Reddy Uma , Dodke Amit , Kumar Ashwani , Jayronia Sonali , Adnan Myasar Mundher
Published: March 2024

This paper presents an impressive design of a convergent divergent (C-D) nozzle using the method of characteristics for a Mach number 2 test section. The nozzle’s geometry was meticulously crafted in SolidWorks, and its performance was evaluated through a CFD simulation in Ansys Fluent R22 software. Results showed excellent agreement between the simulation and analytical data, with the Mach number ranging from 1.78 to 2. The study also compared turbulence modeling techniques, concluding that the k-omega model produced superior results. The supersonic wind tunnel achieved remarkable efficiency, completing a run at 1.8 Mach number in just 6 seconds. Overall, the study showcased exceptional accuracy and meticulousness.
Enhancing Aluminum-Based Composite Manufacturing: Harnessing Si3N4 Reinforcement via Stir Casting Technique
Authors: Chahuan Neeraj , Singh Shivani , Thethi H. Pal , Ch Srilatha , A Sujin Jose , Ahmed Raghad
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the enhancement of aluminum-based composite manufacturing by incorporating Si3N4 reinforcement via the stir casting technique. Aluminum alloy serves as the matrix material, augmented with ceramic reinforcement particles. The alloy is melted at approximately 700°C in a muffle furnace, with ceramic particles gradually introduced and dispersed homogeneously through continuous stirring at 400 rpm for 10 minutes. The uniform distribution of Si3N4 particles underscores the efficacy of the stirring technique. Addition of 7.5% Si3N4 reinforcement results in substantial improvements across mechanical properties: tensile strength increases by 24.76%, hardness by 24.76%, fatigue strength by 26.78%, and wear resistance by 29.50%. These enhancements highlight the effectiveness of Si3N4 reinforcement in augmenting the performance of aluminum composites. The findings hold significant implications for industries requiring lightweight, high-strength materials, such as aerospace, automotive, and manufacturing, suggesting promising avenues for further research and practical applications in advanced engineering materials.
Advancing Aluminum-Based Composite *Manufacturing: Leveraging TiO2 Reinforcement through Stir Casting Technique
Authors: Hussein Mohammed , Gundlapalle Rajesh , Kiran Kumar M. , Lakhanpal Sorabh , Kumar Parashar Ashish , Kaushik Abhishek
Published: March 2024

This study explores the advancement of aluminum-based composite manufacturing through the integration of titanium dioxide (TiO2) reinforcement using the stir casting technique. Aluminum alloy served as the matrix material, combined with ceramic reinforcement particles, melted at approximately 700°C within a muffle furnace. Through continuous stirring at 400 rpm for 10 minutes, ceramic particles were uniformly dispersed into the molten alloy, crucial for enhancing composite properties. The incorporation of 6.5% TiO2 via stir casting resulted in significant enhancements across multiple mechanical properties. Tensile strength improved by 23.67%, while hardness saw a remarkable increase of 38.9%. Additionally, fatigue strength exhibited a notable improvement of 26.67%, and wear resistance showed a substantial enhancement of 24.34%. The uniform dispersion of TiO2 particles throughout the composite material underscores the efficacy of the stir casting technique in achieving consistent improvements across various performance metrics. These findings hold promise for the development of high-performance aluminum-based composites tailored for diverse engineering applications.
Advanced interdisciplinary approaches for bad posture detection using computer vision and IoT
Authors: Sreevani V. , Sathwik Reddy B. , Nithin K. , Harsha Vardhan K. , Mohammed Kahtan A. , Reddy Uma , Lakhanpal Sorabh , Kalra Ravi
Published: March 2024

Addressing the widespread problem of poor posture and its far-reaching health implications, our innovative solution employs advanced interdisciplinary approaches and IoT technology for real-time bad posture detection. By integrating smart sensors and wearables strategically placed to monitor body positioning continuously, our system goes beyond conventional methods. The gathered posture data undergoes analysis by processing units, incorporating advanced algorithms that draw insights from fields like biomechanics and human-computer interaction. This holistic approach not only identifies instances of poor posture with heightened accuracy but also provides immediate feedback to users through visual cues or notifications, fostering self-awareness and encouraging posture correction. The versatility and scalability of our solution make it applicable to diverse settings, including offices, healthcare, and education. This paper delves into the design, implementation, and challenges of our IoT-based system, emphasizing its potential to mitigate health risks linked to prolonged poor posture. By embracing advanced interdisciplinary approaches, we contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of posture-related complexities, paving the way for future advancements in public health through the promotion of better posture habits.
Smart garden with intruder detection system
Authors: Annapoorna E. , Manduva Aditi , Ram Kumar R.P. , Hajari Manu , Alabdeli Haider , Rajalakshmi B. , Gupta Manish , Praveen
Published: March 2024

IoT contains of devices associated with the internet and communicate with each other. Considering the present scenario, people are more interested towards home gardening. Sometimes they forget to water the plants because of their monotonous work lifestyle, and also cannot guard them which eventually affects the growth of the plants. To overcome this situation a Smart gardening system using IoT is being developed. The system can detect the soil moisture level based on which it will inform the user whether to turn on the motor or not and also detects unauthorized entry into the garden. The IoT-based device is linked to the motor, which can be monitored and controlled by using a smartphone. It consists of a soil moisture sensor that can predict the soil’s moisture level and a PIR sensor that detects any objects entering the range and a BMP280 sensor which detects the humidity, temperature and atmospheric pressure of the air and sends the result to the user through a smartphone application named Kodular app. It transfers the soil moisture data and motor status to the firebase which displays it in the app. It is an efficient way of sensing the necessity of the plant and watering it to maintain the soil moistness. Further it also helps in guarding the garden which keeps it away from birds and animals. Which thereby maintains the plant’s health.
Crop recommendation system and crop monitoring using IoT
Authors: Karuna G. , Ram Kumar R.P. , Sanjeeva Polepaka , Deepthi Palakurthy , Saeed Hazim Y. , V Asha , Kansal Lavish , Praveen
Published: March 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) has enabled automation in every other field and is one of the emerging technologies. It facilitates communication between devices and the cloud and between the devices themselves. In the current world, many modern techniques are evolved in promoting effective and smart agriculture. Even though early and traditional farming techniques are being used in most parts of the nation, these techniques can’t guarantee the efficient yield of crops. Smart agriculture is helpful in many ways to obtain a high crop yield. The proposed work utilizes sensors and data analytics to monitor crop growth and provide recommendations on optimal farming practices. The system collects data on factors such as soil moisture, temperature, and nutrient levels to provide real-time updates on the health of the crops. The application made by Kodular can be used for monitoring the real-time conditions of the crops. It also recommends the crop to be grown based on conditions like soil type and farming season. This system can help farmers improve crop yields and reduce the need for manual labour, leading to increased efficiency and profitability in the agricultural domain.
Effect of Ambient temperature on the plastic products using the finite element method
Authors: Kansal Lavish , Alzubaidi Laith H. , A B Gurulakshmi , Karuna G. , Pahwa Shilpa , Das Karabi Kalita
Published: March 2024

The escalating use of plastic products alongside rising ambient temperatures has intensified concerns regarding their performance under diverse thermal conditions. This paper delves into the intricate relationship between plastic materials, ambient temperature fluctuations, and resulting stresses. Various grades of plastic materials are subjected to distinct ambient temperatures to elucidate stress generation—a pivotal aspect in plastic product design. Leveraging the finite element method, a comprehensive analysis is conducted to design and assess a plastic product under specified loads and ambient temperatures. The study encompasses the evaluation of equivalent stresses, normal and shear stresses, and deformations. Ultimately, the research culminates in the development and analysis of a thermally stable plastic product, offering valuable insights for robust design practices amidst evolving environmental conditions.