bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Propensity‐Matched Analysis of Functional Outcomes for Carotid Puncture for Endovascular Thrombectomy
Authors: Yu Andrew T. , Knox Joey , Jiang Fei , Kim Anthony S. , Cooke Daniel
Published: November 2022

Background

Endovascular thrombectomy is a well‐established therapy for patients with large‐vessel occlusion stroke but its success largely depends on minimizing time to reperfusion. Direct carotid puncture (DCP) is a technique that avoids difficult aortic arch anatomy, which may cause intraprocedural delays, but because DCP is typically used as rescue access, the poorer outcomes that some have observed may reflect differences in patients chosen for DCP rather than the impact of DCP itself. We performed a propensity score–matched case‐control study to try to address potential confounding by indication to better evaluate whether the DCP procedure itself is responsible for differences in functional outcomes.

Methods

We identified all DCP cases and non‐DCP endovascular thrombectomy controls that were performed under general anesthesia at 2 academic medical centers from 2015 to 2021. Baseline characteristics, workflow time metrics, aortic arch measurements, and 90‐day modified Rankin scale were abstracted from the electronic health record. We then matched patients with controls based on propensity scores, then performed a linear regression to evaluate the relationship between DCP and 90‐day modified Rankin scale.

Results

We identified 13 patients with DCP and 67 control patients for our final analysis. The mean age for DCP was 85.4 years compared with 73.8 years in the control group (
P
≤0.001). We used sex, age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and last seen normal‐to‐groin times to generate a propensity score to estimate each patient's likelihood of receiving DCP. After matching, we found no significant difference in mean modified Rankin scale associated with DCP (β=−0.231, standard error 0.545;
P
=0.676).

Conclusions

After propensity‐score matching, we found that DCP was not associated with a difference in functional outcomes of endovascular thrombectomy for large‐vessel occlusion stroke compared with non‐DCP access. Advances in algorithms to identify patients highly likely to require DCP and in devices for safer carotid closure are needed before wider adoption of DCP.
No Man is an Island: Reflections on the Battlefield Landscapes of the Falklands-Malvinas War
Authors: Pollard Tony
Published: November 2022

There were two sets of Falkland Islands fought over in 1982. To the British, including the islanders, they were of course the Falklands, but to the Argentines they were the Malvinas. Some in the British military thought the islands were off the coast of Scotland when they first heard of them, in most cases just before deployment. By way of contrast, Argentine troops had grown up believing they were part of their birth right stolen from them by British ‘pirates’. But how did troops on the ground view the islands when they were up close and personal with them, when the islands formed the battlefields over which they fought? During the Falklands-Malvinas War the surface of the land was bombed, it was shelled, it was picked apart and dug into to create fortifications, minefields and graves, and in places it still carries those scars. Drawing on the experience of four visits since 2012, eyewitness accounts and memoirs, military records and archaeological remains, this article explores the islands as both imaginary spaces and as an environment in which men strove to fight the elements and one another, and in doing so presents a fresh perspective on the relationship between people and places in time of war.
A survey of development time, longevity, and lifespan in Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata)
Authors: HAN DE-RUI , HE KAI-HUI , CHEN DAN , YANG MAO-FA , ZHENG ANDY , LIU JIAN-FENG , ZHANG ZHI-QIANG
Published: November 2022

Phytoseiidae is the most common and widespread mite family inhabiting plants all over the world. This review investigated the development time, longevity, and lifespan of the species in Phytoseiidae based on literature published from 1968 to 2022. We found 132 references including 571 datasets in 57 species of 12 genera, with a focus on sex-specific patterns. The majority of life history studies on phytoseiid mites were observed in recent three decades (116 references and 534 datasets) in the laboratory. The genus Neoseiulus had the highest number of data, followed by Amblyseius with 128 datasets. Neoseiulus californicus was the most studied, with 107 datasets collected from 23 references, and it was followed by Amblyseius swirskii, with 89 datasets also recorded from 20 references. Life history studies on phytoseiids appear to be much more on development time (380 datasets) and longevity (379 datasets) than lifespan (159 datasets). Only 114 datasets included data of all three parameters. For most species, the development time, longevity, or lifespan of females were similar to or longer than those of males.
Transferrin, a newly identified iron metabolism protein in tick
Authors: WANG DUO , LI HONG-XIA , MA JING-YI , ZHANG XIAO-JING , WANG XUAN-XUAN , WANG FANG , ZHANG YAN-KAI , YU ZHI-JUN , LIU JING-ZE
Published: November 2022

Haemaphysalis longicornis is one of the most important tick species distributed globally. It transmits various pathogens that cause great damage to human health, livestock production, and wild animals. Knowledge of the character of transferrin (Tsf) in insects has grown rapidly during the last decades. However, Tsf in ticks is still poorly understood. Here, we identified for the first time a new iron metabolism-related gene, namely, Tsf, in ticks. The open reading frame (ORF) of the Tsf gene in H. longicornis contained 2,412 bp, which encoded a protein of 803 amino acids.
Incidence and post-embryonic development of Raoiella macfarlanei Pritchard and Baker (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) on Syzygium Jambos
Authors: SOBHA T.R.
Published: November 2022

The genus Raoiella represents one of the important genera of the family Tenuipalpidae, which comprises half a dozen species. Members of this group are known to infest a variety of economically important plants such as coconut, aereca nut, Eucalyptus, olive, peanut and various fruit crops. Among these, the species Raoiella macfarlanei Pritchard and Baker has been recorded on olive, Syzygium jambos and widely distributed in India and Africa.The report of the present study revealed that R. macfarlanei has been recognized as a minor pest and widely distributed in various localities of Kerala, India. A perusal of available literature shows a lack of information on its incidence and biology as it has been given the status of an economic species. But in the present study a high infestation was noticed in the field by the development of brownish patches on the infected leaves, causing severe damage to the host plant. Older leaves were more susceptible to mite attack than the younger ones. Maximum population of R. macfarlanei was found attained during the months of February, March and April. The study also revealed that R. macfarlanei completed its development from egg to adult within 16 days on the host plant, S. jambos.
Studies on seasonal population fluctuations and feeding damage induced by Dolichotetranychus floridanus (Banks) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) on areca palms of Kerala, India
Authors: PRABHEENA P. , RAMANI N.
Published: November 2022

The state of Kerala is home to nearly 10,035 plant species as per the diversity scenario, thereby constituting 22% of the total plant diversity of India. Areca catechu L. (Arecales: Arecaceae) is an important plantation crop of Kerala with a multitude of economic utility and constitutes an important source of income for the people. The areca palms of Kerala are under the threat of many arthropod pests, of which tenuipalpid mites represent a major group causing severe damage to the foliage as well as the nuts.  The present study reports a new host record for the tenuipalpid species viz Dolichotetranychus floridanus, which was found to infest the areca palms inducing severe damage to the developing nuts in various Areca plantations of Kerala. To understand the extent of damage induced by the species to its new host A. catechu, sampling was carried out monthly to collect nut samples from areca plantations distributed in two districts viz. Kozhikode and Malappuram of North Kerala, for a period of two years from 2013 and 2015. The collected nut samples were examined in the laboratory under a stereozoom microscope (MVNSZ-450) and data were collected on the population density of the mite as well as the qualitative aspects of feeding damage induced by the mite on the nuts.  Results of population studies enabled to record peak population density of D. floridanus during July–August months. A positive correlation was found to exist between mite population and relative humidity and a negative correlation was recorded between mite population and temperature. The mean longevity of the females of this species at different temperatures and humidity conditions was recorded as 17.64 ± 0.17 days at 25 + 2oC & 80 + 5% RH, 13.64 ± 0.12 days at 30 + 2oC & 70 + 5% RH and 11.37 ± 0.12 days at 35 + 2oC & 60 + 5% RH. The feeding activity of the species was found to induce severe alterations, leading to the drying up of epidermal tissue, and formation of cracks at the affected region and the latter often served to permit the entry of fungal and bacterial pathogens, leading to tissue rot.
Searching for genes that make plants susceptible to spider mites as a target for resistance breeding
Authors: ALBA JUAN MANUEL , BLAAZER JOSEPHINE , LIU JIE , VILLARROEL CARLOS , VAN LEEUWEN THOMAS , DERMAUW WANNES , KANT MERIJN
Published: November 2022

Herbivorous mites must have to overcome several barriers that are produced by plants to prevent herbivores from obtaining food and successfully colonize them. How this interaction plays out is determined by a set of complex molecular mechanisms that trigger physiological changes in plants to deter mites, and in mites to withstand deterrence and together these determine their degree of compatibility. We demonstrated that spider mites secrete specialized salivary proteins into plants that suppress plant defenses and therefore play a decisive role in the plant-mite interaction. To these proteins we refer as effectors (Villarroel et al. 2016; Jonckheere et al. 2016). Elucidating how effectors suppress plant defenses can aid plant resistance breeding and help to better understand plant-herbivore co-evolution.
Delimiting the Dermanyssoidea
Authors: SHAW MATTHEW
Published: November 2022

The Dermanyssoidea and the Eviphidoidea are two closely related diverse superfamilies within the mite order Mesostigmata. This diversity accrues from their remarkable ecological vagility. The Dermanyssoidea is particularly prone to evolve symbioses with larger animals. Our understanding of the relationships within and between these superfamilies remain unsatisfactory. Various currently-used characters used to recognise the Dermanyssoidea are plesiomorphies and cannot clearly unite this grouping or define it with respect to the Eviphidoidea. While integrated phylogeny will assist in resolving these issues, for key taxa there is a need to further refine available characters to render them usable as homology statements.  Several phylogenetically useful characters are outlined. Key characters, when clearly defined, will help the search for natural groups. This will guide phylogenetic sampling and make subsequent tests of evolutionary ecological questions coherent. These needs persist despite widespread calls (coming from outside of acarology) to distil the number of characters used to describe taxa at the species level.
Three new genera of Schizogyniidae (Parasitiformes: Mesostigmata) from a New Caledonian millipede (Spirobolida)
Authors: SEEMAN OWEN D.
Published: November 2022

Three new monotypic genera of Schizogyniidae, Terrogynium gen. nov., Xenogynium gen. nov. and Zygogynium gen. nov., are described from a spirobolid millipede in New Caledonia. Terrogynium has females with chelicerae presumably modified for parasitism, and both sexes have numerous flattened ventral setae, convergent with many Paramegistidae. Xenogynium and Zygogynium are less-specialised genera with the former appearing closer to Terrogynium. Genus relationships are difficult to determine. These three genera are probably most closely related to each other but as a group it lacks convincing unique synapomorphies. Possible synapomorphies may instead reflect convergence for living on hosts, such as their shortened peritremes and loss of pretarsal claws, characters found elsewhere in the Schizogyniidae. The origins of the Schizogyniidae are discussed and a key to genera of Schizogyniidae is provided.
“Tiny dancer in my hand…” 100-million-year-old case of mite flamboyance*
Authors: ZMUDZINSKI MATEUSZ
Published: November 2022

Parasitengona is a highly diverse and widely distributed group within the order Trombidiformes with a peculiar lifestyle. Some of them inhabit exclusively aquatic environments, while others live on land. Their larvae with significantly different morphology are parasites of invertebrates and vertebrates, while subsequent three nymphal stages and the adults alternate as inactive stases and active predators. The fossil record of Parasitengona is relatively rich compared to other mite taxa, but much remains to be discovered, particularly among inclusions in various types of fossilised resins.
Caligonella quinqueocellata Khaustov (Caligonellidae): a new addition to Turkey’s acarofauna
Authors: DOĞAN SALİH , FAN QING-HAI , UĞURLU ŞİFANUR , ÖZBEK HASAN HÜSEYİN , ERMAN ORHAN
Published: November 2022

This study presents the first record of Caligonella quinqueocellata Khaustov for the mite fauna of Turkey. The single female specimen was collected from grassy and mossy soil in the Karasu Valley. This species was previously recorded from the Crimea and Iran. As of right now, this is the third report on this species.
Description of a new species of Lasioseius (Acari: Mesostigmata: Blattisociidae) from Brazil, redescription of L. meridionalis Chant and a key to separate the Lasioseius species reported from that country
Authors: BARROS ÁVYLA R. DE A. , CASTILHO RAPHAEL C. , DE MORAES GILBERTO J.
Published: November 2022

Lasioseius Berlese is the largest genus of Blattisociidae (Phytoseioidea), with slightly more than 200 described species. Mites of this genus have been collected from different habitats such as soil, litter and in association with insects. In an effort to understand the fauna of edaphic mites, soil samples have been collected from different Brazilian biomes. The objectives of this work are to describe a new Lasioseius species from Brazil, to redescribe Lasioseius meridionalis Chant and to present a key for the separation of the species of the genus reported from that country. The samples were processed in modified Berlese-Tullgren funnels, and the mites collected were mounted in Hoyer’s medium for identification. The Mesostigmata were separated into families, and the Blattisociidae were separated into genera. The Lasioseius specimens were compared with the original descriptions and redescriptions of the species presently placed in the genus, leading to the conclusion that part of the specimens belonged to a new species. Other specimens belonged to a species taxonomically known only from the original description, L. meridionalis, which was redescribed. Lasioseius n. sp. has an unusual feature among the Lasioseius species for having dorsal setae mostly bacilate and saber to leaf-shapped. This species is most similar to L. foliatisetus Merlin et al. in also having a wide peritreme, but differs for not having post-stigmatic extension of the peritreme and different dorsal shield setae. The other species collected in this work is very similar to Lasioseius barbensiensis Faraji & Karg, morphologically known only from the original description, based solely on the holotype. The examination of part of the specimens collected and of the holotypes of L. barbensiensis and L. meridionalis led us to the conclusion that they represent two similar species, differing mostly in relation to the spermathecal apparatus. Lasioseius barbensiensis has been previously reported from Brazil, but L. meridionalis is reported for the first time. With this publication, the total number of Lasioseius species reported from Brazil is increased to nineteen, which can be separated with a key presented in this publication. Financial support FAPESP (2019/27793-7; 2017/12004-1).
Diversity of edaphic predatory mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) in the Amazon region
Authors: CANO LINA MARCELA GONZALEZ , DE CASTRO TATIANE MARIE MARTINS GOMES , DE MORAES GILBERTO JOSÉ , CASTILHO RAPHAEL DE CAMPOS
Published: November 2022

The Amazon region has been reported to hold some of the highest levels of biodiversity of the planet. However, little is known about the edaphic mesostigmatic mites of this region. Worldwide, the Mesostigmata constitute the most abundant order of edaphic predatory mites. Given their potential importance, knowledge about their diversity is considered desirable to allow the determination of species for use as biological control agents. Hence, an exploratory study has been conducted in parts of the Brazilian Amazon to evaluate the diversity of those mites in areas of natural vegetation as well as in areas of subsistence crops and livestock production for local use. The objective of this presentation is to report the results of the evaluation of soil-litter samples collected in January 2022 in Rorainópolis, state of Roraima, in areas of natural vegetation, cassava, pasture and an açaí (Euterpe oleracea) cultivation, taking 16 samples of each area. A total of 540 Mesostigmata (Gamasina cohort) mites was collected, of which 339 were adult females representing 40 morphospecies (eleven new to science), distributed in 24 genera (two new to science) grouped into 13 families. The highest abundance was found in the cassava cultivation, where 142 adult females, representing the highest number of genera (13) and species (18). Pasture had the lowest abundance (51 specimens), representing the lowest number of genera (9) and species (11). Laelapidae and Rhodacaridae were the most abundant families, each representing about 32% of the identified females, followed by Ascidae with 9%. Considering all areas together, Multidentorhodacarus squamosus (Rhodacaridae) was the most abundant species, being dominant in areas of cassava cultivation (53 specimens) and natural vegetation (31 specimens). A new species of Gaeolaelaps (Laelapidae) (13 individuals) and a new species of Neogamasellevans (Ologamasidae) (19 individuals) were dominant in the pasture and açaí cultivation, respectively.
The sublethal and transgenerational effects of pyridaben on fitness and induced tolerance in Panonychus citri
Authors: PAN DENG , XIA MENGHAO , LUO QIUJUAN , YUAN GUORUI , WANG JINJUN , DOU WEI
Published: November 2022

Panonychus citri is a dominant citrus pest mite in the world. Pesticide-induced population resurgence is a concern for environmental and resistance risk assessment in mite control. To evaluate the effective mite management strategies, the sublethal and transgenerational effects of pyridaben on P. citri were assessed using life-table parameters. Two segregated pyridaben-resistant and susceptible strains (previously obtained from the crossing between laboratory susceptible strain and pyridaben-resistant population) were used in our study. After exposure to LC30 pyridaben, the fecundity of Pyr_Control and Pyr_Rs strains were both significantly reduced in the parental generation (F0). Life-table results showed that LC30 pyridaben significantly induced the fecundity of both strains in F1 generation (egg stage was prolonged as well). Interestingly, this effect also stimulated the fecundity of F2 generation in Pyr_Control strain. But no significant effects were observed in Pyr_Rs strain. While detoxification enzyme assays indicated that only the activity of P450s was significantly activated by LC30 pyridaben in Pyr_Control and Pyr_Rs strains (1.242- fold and 1.355-fold increase, respectively). The expressions of P450 gene (CYP4CL2) and reproduction-related gene (Pc_Vg) were determined and the results showed that the expression of Pc_Vg of pyridaben treated mites in F0 generation was significantly reduced in both strains. In Pyr_Control and Pyr_Rs strains, the significant upregulation CYP4CL2 (2.029-fold and 2.516-fold increase, respectively) and PcVg (1.771-fold and 2.924-fold increase, respectively) of F1 generation suggested there were delayed hormesis effects on reproduction and developed tolerance to pyridaben. No significant difference was found between LC30 treatments and controls in F2 generation of both strains. These results provided evidence that transgenerational hormesis effects of low concentration of pyridaben might lead to mite population outbreak and resistance risk in the field through stimulating the reproduction and developing tolerance to pyridaben. Furthermore, LC30 pyridaben could affect the offspring populations of susceptible strain in the longer-term as compared to resistant strain.
Potential roles of two doublesex genes during embryogenesis in Phytoseiulus persimilis
Authors: WANG ZHENHUI , WANG ENDONG , ZHANG BO , LV JIALE , XU XUENONG
Published: November 2022

In arthropods, doublesex (dsx) is a nexus gene in multiple sex-regulatory pathways, regulating variable downstream genes that further regulate sex differentiation and other reproductive related features. In the present study, we screened two dsx genes (Ppdsx1 and Ppdsx2) in Phytoseiulus persimilis, investigated their expression, function, and interaction with potential downstream genes, through RNA interference and protein-protein interaction (PPI).
Identification and profiling of Panonychus citri microRNAs and their potential function in regulating egg hatching and adult eclosion*
Authors: LI CHUAN-ZHEN , LI GANG , DOU WEI , WANG JIN-JUN
Published: November 2022

MicroRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulations are involved in many physiological processes in insects, such as development, reproduction, metamorphosis, immunity, and insecticide resistance. In this study, the transcript profile of miRNAs over the developmental transitions of the citrus red mite Panonychus citri (McGregor) including egg hatching and three molting processes from egg to adult were analyzed. A total of 142 miRNAs, including 74 known, 64 novel miRNAs, 14 isomiRNAs and 12 duplicate miRNAs, were identified. Meanwhile, 21 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) over the developmental transitions were analyzed, including 14 and 8 DEMs in egg hatching and molting process from mite deutonymph to adult. Amongst these DEMs, there were 2 and 2 in the developmental transitions from larva to protonymph and the protonymph to deutonymph, respectively, suggesting a complicated role of miRNAs in the regulation of developmental transitions. Additionally, two miRNAs were identified as reference miRNAs for mites from 7 candidate reference miRNAs after a systematic evaluation about their relative expression patterns at different developmental stages of both Panonychus citri and Tetranychus urticae. Furthermore, feeding miR-34-5p mimic in the deutonymph of P. citri resulted in a significant decrease in adult eclosion rate, and miR-92c and miR-305-5p also had similar functions in the emergence process from deutonymph to adult. Moreover, over expression of miR-315 and let-7a significantly inhibited egg hatching by dripping miRNA mimic on the back of mites with a microinjector. This study identified critical miRNAs involved in the developmental transitions of this important agricultural pest P. citri from egg hatching to adult eclosion, and thus provided a useful resource for exploring the application of miRNAs in mite pest control.
Study of the population dynamics of phytoseiid mites on citrus under natural conditions
Authors: SONG ZI-WEI , ZHENG YUAN , ZHANG BAO-XIN , LI DUN-SONG
Published: November 2022

Citrus is the most extensively produced tree fruit crop in the world, and the citrus red mites, Panonychus citri (McGregor) and citrus rust mites, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) are the serious pest mites of citrus crops. Except for chemical control, biological control is an important component of integrated pest management and plays an essential role in regulating populations of pest mites. Predatory mites from the family Phytoseiidae are important natural enemies. The populations of P. citri are usually controlled by indigenous predators, mainly the phytoseiid mites. As native phytoseiids are more likely to adapt to the local environmental conditions than the commercially available phytoseiids, conservation of local phytoseiid species is a key factor for the IPM success in citrus orchards. Investigation into the species and population dynamics of phytoseiid mites in citrus orchards will provide important references to the conservation and utilization of predatory mites. This work aimed to investigate the species of phytoseiid mites and their seasonal population dynamics associated with P. citri in different citrus cultivars orchards. We sampled phytoseiid mites from orchards planted with three citrus cultivars of citron-lemon, Ehime Kashi No. 28 and Shatangju, respectively, from April to December in 2018⁓2021. Species of phytoseiid mites, and their developmental stage and gender were identified under a microscope. In the citron-lemon orchard, we recorded nine phytoseiid species in 2018, but only three species in 2019. The dominant species was Scapulaseius newsami (Evans). In 2020, five species with a dominant species of Euseius nicholsi (Ehara et Lee) were found in Ehime Kashi No. 28 orchard, but only two with a dominant species of Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) detected in the Shatangju orchard. In the Shatangju orchard in 2021, six species were recorded with N. californicus being dominant from April to July, and Amblyseius eharai Amitai & Swirski being dominant from August to December. The population of predatory mites peaked in May and October in the citron-lemon orchard, and in May, July and October in the Ehime Kashi No. 28 and Shatangju orchards. All active life stages (i.e., larva, nymph and adult) were found and most were adults. The sex ratio was female-biased (over 80%) in each orchard. In conclusion, the population size of phytoseiids changed over the growing seasons. Whether this could be attributed to the different tolerance capacities of different species to the local climate conditions or chemical pesticides remains for future studies.
Virulence evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi against Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae) and its compatibility with acaricides and predatory mites
Authors: LI LESHU , WANG CHANG , WANG JINJUN , DOU WEI
Published: November 2022

The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), is one of the most notoriously agricultural pests which can cause severe damage to over 100 species of plants. The species is difficult to control because of its short generation time and high reproductive rate. Owing to the reliance on chemical acaricides in pest management in the field, P. citri has evolved resistance to a number of chemical acaricides over the years. The emergence of pesticide resistant populations of P. citri is a significant concern worldwide. Thus, it is urgent to find alternative ways to keep the pest populations below the economic injury levels based on the IPM strategy. Nowadays, ecologically-sound control strategies have been sought for this pest and many biocontrol agents have been introduced into pest management such as the entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) and predatory insects. In our study, 5 EPF strains designated HL3, Bbzwn9, Bb0601, Bb07, and Bblh were tested for their efficacy against P. citri by spraying conidia suspension in the laboratory. Amongst these, the HL3 strain exhibited the highest pathogenicity against P. citri and was identified as Isaria cateniannulata using ITS sequences. Further bioassays of HL3 strain indicated the LC50 (3.093x104 conidia/mL) at 7 d post inoculation and the LT50 (3.356 d) at a concentration of 1x108 conidia/mL against P. citri. Subsequently, HL3 was evaluated for its compatibility with four commonly used chemical acaricides at their low dosages (gradient dilution of their labeled application rates for P. citri control) and its side effects on the predatory mite, Neoseiulus barkeri. Briefly, HL3 exhibited an ideal compatibility with avermectin compared to other three acaricides, with the lowest inhibition rate of colony growth, sporulation and spore germination in the PDA culture medium containing avermectin. Besides, the fungal strain was harmless to N. barkeri with only 9.167% mortality rate, and no significant impact was recorded on N. barkeri oviposition rates, although HL3 possessed a slightly negative effect on the predatory ability of N. barkeri. The analysis of functional response indicated that compared with the untreated P. citri, the handling time of predator increased on HL3-treated P. citri, while the attack rates decreased with the increase of the time after inoculation. In summary, in combination with avermectin or the natural enemy N. barkeri, HL3 exhibited a potential ability for sustainable control of the mite pest.
A draft genome assembly of ectoparasitic mite Pyemotes zhonghuajia Yu, Zhang & He (Prostigmata: Pyemotidae)
Authors: SONG YAN-FEI , YE SHUAI , YANG MAO-FA , LIU JIAN-FENG
Published: November 2022

Pyemotes zhonghuajia Yu, Zhang & He (Prostigmata: Pyemotidae) is an ectoparasitic mite species with a variety of insects-specific protein toxins, which are harmless to mammals and human. This mite can cause the death of many agricultural and forestry pests which can be 680,000 times greater than its own body weight (Tian et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2021). Exploring its genome will help us understand its parasitic mechanism. PacBio technology was used to sequence the genome of P. zhonghuajia. The genome size of P. zhonghuajia was estimated to be 71.943 Mb, which captured 90.6% of the Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) completeness (Song et al., 2022). A total of 11,183 protein coding genes were annotated with 91.2% BUSCO completeness. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed using 473 single-copy genes of 12 species including two species of spiders, two species of scorpions and 10 species of mites, of which spiders and scorpions were outgroups. The result shows that Pyemotes zhonghuajia is sister to Tetranychus urticae. An estimate of species divergence time showed that P. zhonghuajia and T. urticae emerged during Triassic (223.43~247.66 Mya). In P. zhonghuajia, there were 621 gene families (containing 1,224 genes) expanded, and 3664 gene families (containing 3,927 genes) contracted. Most importantly, we found that P. zhonghuajia contained three types of toxin proteins, which were neurotoxins, dermonecrotic toxins and agatoxins. Neurotoxin and dermonecrotic toxin-related genes are significantly expanded. The toxin-related gene expression level of one-day-old mites was higher than that of seven-day-pregnant mites, which might explain why one one-day-old mite had such strongly toxin (Chen et al., 2021). We also verified the function of the toxin proteins and explored its effect on insect cells to lay a theoretical foundation for the study and development of biopesticides with multi-target insecticidal toxins (Song et al., 2022).
Review of predatory mites as biocontrol agents against thrips in China
Authors: ZHANG XU , ZHANG SHUO , ZHU ZHITONG , WANG HAOLIN , YAN YI , XIE LIXIA
Published: November 2022

Thrips are one of the most destructive pests of vegetables, fruits, and ornamental crops worldwide (Wan et al., 2020; Davari et al., 2021). The more severe species include Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella intonsa, Thrips tabaci, Thrips flavidulus, Pseudodendrotrips mori, Scirtothrips dorsalis, and Megalurothrips usitatus (You et al., 2007; Zheng et al., 2007; Saito et al., 2022). Many thrips have developed resistance to pesticides. For example, Frankliniella occidentalis developed different degrees of resistance to organochlorine, organophosphorus, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides and environmentally friendly insecticides (Broadbent and Pree, 1997; Sun et al., 2022). Tobacco thrips have developed resistance to pyrethroid and organic phosphate insecticides (Krob et al., 2022). Soybean thrips also developed varying degrees of resistance to emamectin benzoate, beta-cypermethrin, and imidacloprid (Tang et al., 2016). Therefore, searching and screening effective natural enemies for biological control of thrips is urgent.
A case of fungal spores zoochory found upon examination of Dominican amber inclusion of an undescribed stilt-legged mite fossil (Camerobiidae)
Authors: ZMUDZINSKI MATEUSZ
Published: November 2022

Palaeoacarological studies are concerned mainly with the unexplored fossil record of mites. Hence, they can reveal many engaging discoveries, influencing acarology per se as a free-standing branch of science and unveiling hypotheses facing more general biological and evolutionary points of inquiry. Although “interdisciplinary science” seems to be an increasingly overhyped catchphrase rather than a matter of reality, the term remains utterly appropriate in the case of fossil mite investigations. Amber inclusions, the primary source of the fossil record of acarines, are three-dimensional imprints containing remains embedded within the polymerised and fossilised tree resin. They provide rich information on the biodiversity and structure of extinct ecosystems and allow the tracing of evolutionary and zoogeographic pathways of some taxonomic groups. Furthermore, in amber, there have been frequently preserved “frozen” acts that depict intraspecific and interspecific interactions (e.g., copulation, predation, parasitism, and phoresy).
Effects of nutritional supplements on population proliferation and nutrients content of Acarus siro
Authors: HAN YIN-BIAO , WANG SHI-BO , XUE DING-RONG , WU YI
Published: November 2022

Using natural predatory mites to control stored product pests is an important green grain storage technology. As a dominant prey of Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans (Cheyletidae), Acarus siro Linnaeus (Acaridae) can ensure the population expansion of C. malaccensis so as to realize its prevention and control ability. The population of A. siro raised on flour only increased slowly. In order to explore the effect of feed composition on the propagation efficiency of A. siro, orthogonal experiments were used to evaluate the changes of population proliferation of A. siro by adding different nutritional supplements, including yeast powder, sugar and L-valine to wheat bran under the same experimental condition (26 ℃, 75% RH, dark, wheat bran of 50 g, moisture content 11%–12% and 6,000 individuals of A. siro). The results showed that the population density of A. siro was the highest under the combination of 15% yeast powder, 17% sugar and 1% L-valine, indicating that it is the optimum feeding condition. And the maximum population density was 50,722 individuals/g while it was 10,388 individuals/g raised with wheat bran only. At the same time, the nutrient contents of A. siro under the optimal condition were determined. Protein content was determined by BCA method, soluble sugar content was determined by anthrone colorimetry technique, and free fatty acids content was determined with a kit. The results showed that the contents of soluble sugar, protein and free fatty acids of A. siro in treatment groups were higher than those in the control group. Free fatty acid showed the greatest increase (653%), while soluble sugar and protein increased 96% and 71%, respectively. The results demonstrated that the population density of A. siro was correlated with the content of supplemental nutrients. This study may serve as a useful reference for the feed optimization for A. siro and large-scale rearing of C. malaccensis.
Dynamics of transcriptome-based gene expression across spider mite life cycle induced by Wolbachia
Authors: WANG SHA , CUI DAN-DAN , ZHAO YI-YING
Published: November 2022

Wolbachia are maternally transmitted endosymbionts which cause an array of effects on hosts reproduction, fitness, immunity etc. To better understand Wolbachia-associated effects on their hosts, we identified gene expression profilings for a spider mite, Tetranychus turkestani, across the entire life cycle by transcriptome sequencing. Dynamic changes of mites at different developmental stages, including eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults were analyzed. We found that quite a few host genes exhibited stage- or sex-specific expression differences across the mite life cycle. Most metabolism processes were affected by Wolbachia, such as detoxification, redox, reproduction and immunity pathways. Differentially expressed genes of detoxification metabolism included ABC transporters, cytochrome P450, glutathione-S-transferase and carboxylesterase. Differentially expressed genes of reproduction included cathepsin B, histone acetyltransferase KAT7, Juvenile hormone binding, histone H2B etc. Our work provides comprehensive insights into the developmental dynamics of differential gene-expression for a mite associated with an intracellular bacterium, and shows that public gene expression data harbor rich resources to probe the functional basis of the Wolbachia-mite symbiosis.
Index to authors and index to subjects (Proceedings of the XVI International Congress of Acarology)
Authors: ZHANG ZHI-QIANG
Published: November 2022

This index includes only speakers in oral or poster presentations. The authors are listed by family names alphabetically.
Population density of eriophyid mites (Acari: Eriophyidae) on raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and their association with leaf blotch symptoms
Authors: TAN JIUNN LUH , TRANDEM NINA , ZEMEK ROSTISLAV , HAMBORG ZHIBO , SAPKOTA BIJAYA , BLYSTAD DAG-RAGNAR , FRÁNOVÁ JANA
Published: November 2022

Red raspberry, Rubus idaeus, is known to be infested by at least six species of eriophyid mites. Among them, the raspberry leaf and bud mite, Phyllocoptes gracilis, (Figure 1, A–B) is the only known vector of a raspberry virus, namely the raspberry leaf blotch virus (RLBV) (Dong et al. 2016; McGavin et al. 2012; Tan et al. 2022). Raspberry leaf blotch (Figure 1, C), a leaf disorder displaying as leaf chlorosis, distortion and patchy necrosis, yellowing and thinning on lateral branches, has been attributed to the feeding of P. gracilis until RLBV was also found to be associated with these symptoms (McGavin et al. 2012). Previous sampling of eriophyid mites was often based on the presence of the leaf blotch symptom, and there is a reasonable doubt if the symptom was caused by RLBV infection or mite infestation. It could also be hypothesized that eriophyid mites are attracted to RLBV-infected plants as viruses could make host plants more attractive to vectors (Donnelly & Gilligan 2020; Shi et al. 2019). It is therefore important to improve the detection of both mites and RLBV to efficiently manage the virus. In addition, knowledge on the dominant infestation area of eriophyid mites on raspberry canes is essential to develop an effective pest management approach. Gordon and Taylor (1976) reported that P. gracilis on primocanes during late summer (mid-August) was dominantly found on the upper leaves, due to the presence of predatory mites on the lower and middle leaves. But mite behavior on floricanes is also important to study if the goal is to prevent mite migration and RLBV transmission to primocanes. This study aimed to investigate the population density of eriophyid mites on raspberry floricanes and the association of eriophyid mites, RLBV, and leaf blotch symptoms.
Extinct species of feather mite from the last two native Crested Ibises, Nipponia nippon (Temminck) (Pelecaniformes: Threskiornithidae) in Japan
Authors: SHIMANO SATOSHI , WAKI TSUKASA
Published: November 2022

Currently, in the Red List of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan (Hereinafter referred to as RL-MOE) (version 2020), the only terrestrial arthropod other than insects that are classified as Extinct (EX) is the feather mite, Compressalges nipponiae Dubinin (Caudiferidae) (Waki & Shimano, 2022). The feather mite C. nipponiae is a monoxenous ectoparasite of the Crested Ibis Nipponia nippon (Temminck) (original Japanese pronunciation is “Nippon”). The mite species was originally sampled from the Crested Ibis collected at Lake Khanka (Russia) in the 1950s and was described as new species in the papers by Dubinin (1950). The species is not found on birds other than the Crested Ibis, suggesting that it is highly host specific.
Morphological changes of the male reproductive system in Hyalomma asiaticum at different developmental stages
Authors: SHAN YI-MAN , HOU YUN-FENG , HU XIN-YU , LIU JING-ZE , WANG FANG
Published: November 2022

Hyalomma asiaticum is considered as the vector tick species which can carry and transmit Theileria annulata, Anaplasma marginale and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus to humans and animals, causing a great risk to animal husbandry and posing a threat to public health as well as economic losses. In the present study, we investigated the morphology and changes of the male reproductive system for this species at different developmental stages.
Detection of Dabieshan tick virus in Hebei Province of China by Small RNA Sequencing
Authors: XU XIAOFENG , GAO ZHIHUA , NAN HUIZHU , XUAN YIBO , ZHANG JINGKAI , LI HAO , SONG XUECHENG , WANG YIKUI , LV WENXIA , CHEN ZE , YANG XIAOLONG
Published: November 2022

Ticks are important haematophagous ectoparasites. Tick-borne viruses are increasingly recognized as important threats to the health of human and livestock. In the present study, the viruses were detected in tick samples of Haemaphysalis longicornis collected from Chengde and Pingshan of Hebei province using sRNA-seq method, respectively. A total of 7 pools constructed for virus screen, and all of the samples (4 pools) originated from Chengde were positive for Dabieshan Tick Virus (DBTV), which has not been reported before in Hebei province.
Hawaiian larval stomatopods: molecular and morphological diversity
Authors: STECK MIREILLE , WINNICKI ELIZABETH , KOBAYASHI DONALD R. , WHITNEY JONATHAN L. , AHYONG SHANE T. , PORTER MEGAN L.
Published: November 2022

Estimating stomatopod species diversity using morphology alone has long been difficult; though over 450 species have been described, new species are still being discovered regularly despite the cryptic behaviors of adults. However, the larvae of stomatopods are more easily obtained due to their pelagic habitat, and have been the focus of recent studies of diversity. Studies of morphological diversity describe both conserved and divergent traits in larval stomatopods, but generally cannot be linked to a particular species. Conversely, genetic studies of stomatopod larvae using DNA barcoding can be used to estimate species diversity, but are generally not linked to known species by analyses of morphological characters. Here we combine these two approaches, larval morphology and genetics, to estimate stomatopod species diversity in the Hawaiian Islands. Over 22 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified genetically, corresponding to 20 characterized morphological types. Species from three major superfamilies of stomatopod were identified: Squilloidea (4 OTUs, 3 morphotypes), Gonodactyloidea (9, 8), and Lysiosquilloidea (6, 7). Among these, lysiosquilloids were more diverse based on larval morphotypes and OTUs as compared to previously documented Hawaiian species (3), while squilloids had a lower diversity of species represented by collected larvae as compared to the seven species previously documented. Two OTUs / morphotypes could not be identified to superfamily as their molecular and morphological features did not closely match any available information, suggesting they belong to poorly sampled superfamilies. The pseudosquillid, Pseudosquillana richeri, was discovered for the first time from Hawaiʻi. This study contributes an updated estimate for Hawaiian stomatopod diversity for a total of 24 documented species, provides references for identification of larval stomatopods across the three major superfamilies, and emphasizes the lack of knowledge of species diversity in more cryptic stomatopod superfamilies, such as Lysiosquilloidea.
Three-Dimensional Structure of Subduction/Obduction in the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Liu Ling Ling , Huang Rui Xin , Wang Fan
Published: November 2022

A new three-dimensional method is proposed for calculating the annual mean subduction and obduction rate in the ocean and applied to the North Pacific Ocean. Due to the beta spiral, the subducted/obducted water at a given station can spread over/come from a wide range with different densities in the subsurface ocean. This new method can provide the three-dimensional feature of subduction/obduction and more accurate distribution of the annual subduction/obduction rate in density space. The spatial patterns of annual subduction/obduction rate obtained from both the classical and new methods are similar, although at individual stations the rate can be different; however, the new 3D method can greatly improve the density structure of subducted/obducted water mass. In spite of the assumption of idealized fluid in most previous studies, our analysis showed that subducted water masses can change their density due to diapycnal mixing, especially for water masses subducted at relatively shallow depths. In the North Pacific, the subduction process mainly takes place for about 1–2 months in most of the subtropical basin, while the time window for obduction is ∼100 days in the major obduction regions. Based on the SODA monthly mean climatology, the subducted/obducted water in the North Pacific is primarily distributed at depths of 80–120 m.

Significance Statement

The annual mean subduction/obduction rate is a term quantifying the large-scale irreversible downward/upward water transport between the mixed layer and the permanent pycnocline; these processes are crucially important for climate and the biogeochemical cycle in the oceans. However, the widely used classical Lagrangian method for calculating the annual subduction/obduction rate does not take the three-dimensional structure of ocean currents into consideration, which may induce errors in the destinations/sources of subducted/obducted water masses and the associated water properties. This study is focused on refining the three-dimensional features of subduction/obduction and providing a more accurate distribution of the annual subduction/obduction rate in the density space. In addition, the time window for subduction/obduction and the distribution of subducted/obducted water in the ocean interior are explored based on the SODA monthly mean climatology.
At the Threshold: Six Films featuring European Theologians directed by Sean Dimond
Authors: Riches John
Published: November 2022

A review of a film about 6 contemporary European theologians: Judith Wolfe, Garrick Allen, Ann Loades, David Brown, Perry Schmidt-Leukel and Lieven Boeve sponsored by the Templeton Religion Trust. Beautifully made by Sean Dimond, the film interweaves the interviewees’ theological explorations with elements of their biography and shots of their daily lives and recreations. Despite the very different fields in which they all work: eschatology, the textual history of the Bible, the place of women in church and society, religion and art, interreligious understanding, theology and interruption, common themes begin to emerge, the elusiveness of self-understanding, the sense of the diversity and the constantly developing nature of religious traditions, such that there is always more to be expected and surprised by.