bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Kekuatan Otot Lengan Dan Otot Perut Terhadap Kemampuan Gulungan Pinggang Atlet Gulat Provinsi Bengkulu
Authors: Saputra Aditya , Syafrial  , Sutisyana Ari , Permadi Andes , Ilahi Bogy Restu
Published: November 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kekuatan otot lengan dan otot perut terhadap kemampuan gulungan pinngang atlet gulat Provinsi Bengkulu. Penelitian ini menggunakan tes untuk mengetahui kekuatan otot lengan, otot perut, dan kemampuan gulungan pinggang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah Atlet gulat Provinsi Bengkulu yang berjumlah 30 orang. Teknik analisis data melalui uji prasyarat normalitas Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan linearitas yang kemudian dilakukan uji korelasi product moment dan korelasi ganda. Hasil uji korelasi product moment diperoleh nilai korelasi antara kekuatan otot lengan (X1) dengan kemampuan gulungan pinggang (Y) sebesar 0,552 atau kategori cukup kuat dan korelasi antara kekuatan otot perut (X2) dengan kemampuan gulungan pinggang (Y) sebesar 0,637 atau kategori kuat. Dan untuk hasil uji korelasi ganda diperoleh nilai sig. f change 0,000 < 0,05 yang artinya Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak yaitu ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kekuatan otot lengan dan kekuatan otot perut terhadap kemampuan gulungan pinggang atlet gulat Provinsi Bengkulu. Dari hasil uji korelasi juga diperoleh nilai R sebesar 0,686 atau nilai keeratan hubungan pada kategori Kuat.
Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between arm muscle strength and abdominal muscle strength on the rolling ability of wrestling athletes in Bengkulu Province. This study used tests to determine the strength of the arm muscles, abdominal muscles and waist rolling ability. The sample in this study was 30 Bengkulu Province wrestling athletes. The data analysis technique uses the Kolmogorov-Smirnovnormality and linearity prerequisite tests, which are then carried out by product moment correlation and multiple correlation tests. The results of the product moment correlation test showed that the correlation value between arm muscle strength (X1) and waist rolling ability (Y) was 0.552 or quite strong category and the correlation between abdominal muscle strength (X2) and waist rolling ability (Y) was 0.637 or strong category. And for the results of the multiple correlation test, the sig value is obtained. f change 0.000 < 0.05, which means that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, that is, there is a significant relationship between arm muscle strength and abdominal muscle strength on the waistrolling ability of wrestling athletes in Bengkulu Province. From the results of the correlation test, an R value of 0.686 or a value for the closeness of the relationship in the Strong category was also obtained.
Pengaruh Variasi Latihan Kelenturan Terhadap Kemampuan Servis Sepak Takraw Pada Atlet Ekstrakurikuler Sepak Takraw SMA Negeri 2 Bengkulu Selatan
Authors: Rizqi Ilahi Fikri , Pujianto Dian , Sugihartono Tono , Ningrum Nurul Fajar Muslimah , Afriliyan Arrendi
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi latihan kelenturan terhadap kemampuan servis sepak takraw pada atlet ekstrakurikuler sepak takraw SMA Negeri 2 Bengkulu Selatan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa yang mengikuti ektrakurikuler sepak takraw di SMA Negeri 2 Bengkulu Selatan berjumlah 30 siswa. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah one-group pretest-posttest. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan tersebut adalah total sampling. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 30 siswa. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu pemberian variasi latihan kelenturan.Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dengan metode tes secara langsung yaitu menggunakan tes kemampuan servis yang sepak takraw. Uji persyarat statistik memenuhi syarat homogen dan data berdistribusi normal berdasarkan hitungan statistik kelompok eksperimen satu didapat hasil dari Hasil analisis yang diperoleh dari uji-t menunjukan data nilai signifikan 0,000 < 0,005 yang dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang diberikan jika dibandingkan maka ha diterima. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh antara variasi latihan kelenturan terhadap kemampuan servis sepak takraw atlet ekstrakurikuler sepak takraw SMA Negeri 2 Bengkulu selatan sehingga dapat mempengaruhi peningkatan kemampuan servis sepak takraw dan dapat dijadikan metode latihan untuk meningkatkan prestasi siswa.
Abstrak
This stu dy aims to determine the effect of variations in flexibility training on the sepak takraw service ability of extracurricular sepak takraw athletes at SMA Negeri 2 Bengkulu Selatan. This type of research is quantitative. The population in this study were 30 students who took part in the sepak takraw extracurricular at SMA Negeri 2 Bengkulu Selatan. The research design used was one-group pretest-posttest. The sampling technique used was total sampling. The number of samples in this research was 30 students. The treatment given was a variety of flexibility exercises. The data collection technique in this research was a direct test method, namely using the sepak takraw service ability test. The statistical requirements test meets the homogeneity requirements and the data is normally distributed based on statistical calculations for experimental group one. The results obtained from the analysis results obtained from the t-test show that the data has a significant value of 0.000 < 0.005 which can be concluded that there is an influence if compared, then ha is accepted. The results of this research show that there is an influence between variations in flexibility training on the sepak takraw service ability of the sepak takraw extracurricular athletes at SMA Negeri 2 South Bengkulu so that it can influence the improvement of sepak takraw service ability and can be used as a training method to improve student achievement.
Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar Pada Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Adaptif di SLB N Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Rahmadani Serly , Prabowo Andika , Nopiyanto Yahya Eko , Rizky Oddie Barnanda , Raibowo Septian
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi kurikulum Merdeka belajar pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani adaptif di SLB N Kota Bengkulu, kendala dan Solusi yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi kendala implementasi kurikulum Merdeka belajar pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani adaptif di SLB N Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif menyesuaikan pendapat antara peneliti dan informan. subjek penelitian ini adalah guru pendidikan jasmani adaptif SLB N Kota Bengkulu. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah observasi, penyebaran angket dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh implementasi kurikulum Merdeka belajar pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran pendidikan jasamnai adaptif di SLB N Kota Bengkulu dikatagorikan tinggi dengan presentase 75%, 69% dan 75% dari 3 sekolah telah dinyatakan telah melaksanakan perencanaan kurikulum merdeka belajar, 70%, 66% dan 71% pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran dari 3 sekolah SLB. Pada evaluasi pembelajaran dengan presentase 68%, 68% dan 66% dari 3 sekolah SLB. Jadi dapat di simpulkan bahwa implementasi kurikulum merdeka belajar pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani adaptif di SLB N Kota Bengkulu di katagorikan tinggi.

Abstract
This study aims to determine the implementation of Merdeka Belajar curriculum in the implementation of adaptive physical education learning in SLB N Bengkulu City, obstacles and solutions taken to overcome obstacles to the implementation of Merdeka Belajar curriculum in the implementation of adaptive physical education learning in SLB N Bengkulu City. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method to adjust the opinions between researchers and informants. the subject of this research is the adaptive physical education teacher of SLB N Bengkulu City. The instruments used are observation, questionnaire distribution and documentation. Based on the data obtained, the implementation of the Merdeka Belajar curriculum in the implementation of adaptive physical education learning in SLB N Bengkulu City is categorized as high with a percentage of 75%, 69% and 75% of 3 schools have stated that they have implemented independent learning curriculum planning, 70%, 66% and 71% in the implementation of learning from 3 SLB schools. On learning evaluation with a percentage of 68%, 68% and 66% of 3 SLB schools. So it can be concluded that the implementation of the independent learning curriculum in the implementation of adaptive physical education learning in SLB N Bengkulu City is categorized as high
New Frontiers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Monitoring
Authors: Thornber Katrina
Published: November 2024

THE GLOBAL health burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasingly prevalent in today’s world, partly due to unhealthy lifestyle choices and growing obesity rates. The remitting and relapsing nature of IBD means treatment is complicated and non-linear. Coupled with the complex interactions between genetic and lifestyle factors, a streamlined approach to treatment is yet to be defined. Nevertheless, there have been huge advancements in the field, with several key publications paving the way in IBD research. Experts at United European Gastroenterology (UEG) Week 2024 highlighted several of the latest key advancements, and hinted at what’s to come for IBD management in the coming years.
Infective Endocarditis Following Selective Angioembolisation for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Bleeding: A Case Report
Authors: Bai Michelle , Ong Ferdinand , Kozman Daniel
Published: November 2024

Selective angioembolisation is a common treatment modality for lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Sepsis is an uncommon complication of the procedure, and infective endocarditis is even rarer yet. Presented here is a case of a male in his 50s who received selective angioembolisation to a branch of the right colic artery to control lower gastrointestinal bleeding. He subsequently developed sepsis and acute cardiac failure due to Enterococcus faecalis bacteraemia and infective endocarditis, requiring a valve replacement surgery and an extended course of antibiotics.
UEG Week 2024 Abstract Highlights
Authors:   EMJ
Published: November 2024

The following highlights showcase late-breaking research presented at United European Gastroenterology (UEG) Week 2024, bringing you the most recent developments in the field. Topics covered include the role of statins in the management of inflammatory bowel disease, novel therapeutic targets and predictive biomarkers for Crohn’s disease, and updates on the management of constipation.
Controversies in the Management of Colorectal Neoplasia
Authors: Zurowska Aleksandra
Published: November 2024

AN INSIGHTFUL session presented at United European Gastroenterology (UEG) Week 2024 delved into advancements in staging, immunotherapy, and surgical techniques for colon and rectal cancers. In this, a series of experts emphasised evolving practices designed to improve colorectal cancer outcomes while preserving patient quality of life.
Команда чекістів-ліквідаторів. Передчасна смерть В. Мурського: невиліковна хвороба чи спецоперація ОДПУ (1935 р.)
Authors: Підгірна Лариса
Published: November 2024

У 1935 році, у Стамбулі, у віці сорока семи років, від онкологічного захворювання передчасно помирає очільник нелегальної резидентури «Стамбульська платформа», представник ДЦ УНР в екзилі, фаховий журналіст і дипломат В. Мурський. Його смерть, фактично зводить нанівець всі проєкти та напрацювання нелегальної резидентури і на довгі десятиліття відкладає отримання Православною церквою України жаданої автокефалії. За кілька місяців по смерті В. Мурського передчасно помирає і лояльний до української політичної еміграції та вирішення питання надання ПЦУ Томосу, Вселенський Патріарх, Фотій II. На думку авторки, такі послідовні передчасні смерті могли бути не випадковими.
З 1929 по 1935 рр. в Стамбулі діяли кадрові представники радянської розвідки, знані як «фахівці по Сходу» та професійні кілери Я. Блюмкін, Н. Ейтінгон в Г. Агабеков, у «послужному списку» яких було чимало спецоперацій по ліквідації неугодних радянській владі осіб - лідерів національного спротиву, релігійних лідерів, очільників білогвардійського руху, радянських біженців і, навіть, колег-чекістів. Авторка досліджує припущення, висунуте й іншими науковцями - можливість ліквідації В. Мурського радянськими спецслужбами.
Дослідивши хронологічний ланцюжок подій і застосувавши емпіричний та інші наукові методи дослідження, авторка робить цілком обґрунтоване припущення, що ліквідація керівника нелегальної резидентури ДЦ УНР в екзилі, «Стамбульської платформи», В. Мурського агентами радянської розвідки за допомогою розробок радянської відомчої токсикологічної лабораторії «Спеціальний кабінет» була абсолютно можливою.
Михайло Грушевський як професор Львівського університету: курси, навантаження, розклад занять
Authors: Telvak Vitalii , Hubytskyy Liubomyr
Published: November 2024

Мета статті – дослідити дидактичне навантаження М. Грушевського у Львівському університеті, тижневий розклад його занять, особливості викладання лекцій і семінару, а також комунікацію з факультетською адміністрацією.
Методологічне підґрунтя роботи становить міждисциплінарний підхід. Особливий акцент зроблено на структурно-функціональному системному аналізі історіографічних фактів і порівняльно-історичному методі, виходячи з принципів об’єктивності та історизму.
Наукова новизна дослідження полягає у першій спеціальній спробі комплексної реконструкції образу М. Грушевського як професора Львівського університету.
Висновки. Викладацька діяльність М. Грушевського у Львівському університеті була покликана втілити задум київських і львівських народовців з послідовного перетворення Галичини на національний «П’ємонт». Властиво визначний історик повинен був реалізувати освітню складову цього культурно-громадського проєкту, готуючи нові кадри україністів зі студіюючої молоді головного навчального закладу краю. Відповідно до цієї місії, він розробив і послідовно за періодами викладав лекційні курси національної історії та східноєвропейського регіону. Заохочені такою проблематикою студенти поглиблювали українознавчу спеціалізацію на науковому семінарі і багатьох спецкурсах М. Грушевського з кола політичної, соціокультурної та регіональної історії.
Цей суто дидактичний процес, сфокусований на всебічному обґрунтуванні історичної суб’єктності українського народу, мав очікуваний громадський ефект. Він полягав у розгортанні боротьби за культурні права українців у стінах Львівського університету. Саме М. Грушевський став ідеологом цих змагань і у власній професорській практиці принципово утверджував український голос у національній поліфонії університету, показуючи приклад більш поміркованим колегам К. Студинському та О. Колессі. Підсумком професорської діяльності визначного вченого стали численні кадри національної інтелігенції, які протягом 20 ст. завершили його масштабну справу з інтеграції українських сюжетів до світового історичного процесу.
Єврейське питання у Катеринославі на початку 20 століття
Authors: Savchenko Serhiy , Reshetilova Oksana
Published: November 2024

Мета статті – у суспільно-політичному контексті проаналізувати єврейське питання у Катеринославі початку 20 ст., виявити роль монархічних сил в антисемітській політиці, місцевої влади, окремих кіл громадськості.
Наукова новизна. Відтворено соціально-психологічний контекст ескалації расово мотивованого насильства; показано специфіку розуміння націоналізму на локальному «обивательському» рівні; виявлено відсутність історіографічної традиції вивчення катеринославського антисемітизму; на підставі незалучених до дослідницького процесу архівних джерел відтворено специфіку погромницької політики у Катеринославі та проаналізовано мотивацію учасників погромницьких акцій; охарактеризовано роль чорносотенців у поширенні антисемітизму на місцевому рівні; відтворено атмосферу неоднозначного сприйняття імперсько-монархічних сил губернською владою; окреслено дозвільно-цензурну політику в Катеринославі щодо євреїв та єврейських установ.
Висновки. Антисемітизм був принциповим і безкомпромісним складником ідеології та політики катеринославських чорносотенців, який відмежовував їх від будь-яких суспільно-політичних рухів і партій того часу та завдавав непоправної репутаційної шкоди всьому правому монархічному рухові. У цьому пункті увиразнилися особливі риси російської модерної ідентичності, які викликали негативне суспільне сприйняття та були історично безперспективними. Ставлення владних кіл Катеринославщини до єврейського питання було складним, неоднозначним і суперечливим: вони були змушені шукати баланс між урядовим антиєврейським курсом, антисемітизмом місцевих чорносотенців, ліберальною та лівою громадськістю, що зазвичай захищала євреїв, а також єврейськими силами, що були вагомою частиною фінансового та господарчого життя Придніпров’я.
Development of Education in Elbasan Prefecture (Albania) in 1928-1939
Authors: Sinani Arsim , Mita Rudina
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the research paper is to analyze the development of education in Elbasan Prefecture in 1928-1939, to determine the general condition of schools and their number, teaching staff, class attendance, etc., as well as to show problems and achievements in the field of education.
The scientific novelty. This issue has not been considered in the current historiography, which made it possible for the first time to describe in detail the educational situation in the Prefecture by level of education and geographical distribution.
Conclusions. Even though Elbasan was one of the most developed regions of Albania, the illiteracy rate in the early 20th century reached 90% of the population. During 1920-1928, the government took some steps to improve the situation in the field of education but they were insignificant, which was determined by the historical and political situation, economic problems, social bigotry, and the patriarchal way of life of an average family.
In 1928-1939, the Albanian government intensified its educational policy, which manifested itself in the following steps: establishing an educational structure with a solid foundation for primary and secondary education; training of teaching staff; improving school curricula at each level of education; improving school infrastructure; conducting and implementing an awareness-raising policy in the country to include a female element in education, etc.
The support of the local government, volunteerism, and charity of the wealthy families of Elbasan became important supporting factors in the development of education, which was confirmed by the donations of buildings for educational and cultural needs, financial support, and voluntary help of the residents of Elbasan in the construction of educational and cultural institutions.
Strong support for education in the Prefecture was provided by local intellectuals who graduated from schools in Western Europe and beyond. They made an important contribution both to introducing of a new liberating spirit into the country and to adapting of school curricula to the needs of the country and the Albanian tradition, using the best experience of countries such as Austria, Italy, and others.
Optimizing water use efficiency in maize (Zea mays L.) production through deficit irrigation in Gazhen-Fuafuat Kebele, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Melkie Tadesse , Jemberu Walle , Bitew Amare
Published: November 2024

Ethiopia's dominant maize production relies on rain, but growing water scarcity challenges dry season irrigation efforts. This necessitates smarter irrigation techniques to maximize water use efficiency. This study optimizes water use efficiency in maize production through deficit irrigation in Gazhen-Fuafuat kebele, Fogera woreda, Ethiopia. A field experiment was conducted during the 2019/20 dry season, comparing four irrigation levels: 55%, 70%, 85%, and 100% of crop water requirements (ETc). Findings revealed that while higher irrigation levels generally enhanced plant growth and grain yield, irrigation water use efficiency was optimized at 70% ETc. Deficit irrigation at 55% ETc proved to be suboptimal, leading to significant reductions in crop growth and grain production. Conversely, applying 70% ETc resulted in a 30% reduction in irrigation water use without compromising yield. Compared to full irrigation, deficit irrigation at 85% ETc, 70% ETc, and 55% ETc resulted in yield reductions of 8%, 13.5%, and 33.1%, respectively. However, these reductions were accompanied by water savings of 15%, 30%, and 45%, respectively, leading to corresponding increases in water use efficiency of 8%, 23.4%, and 21.9%. These results suggest that deficit irrigation practices can be effectively employed to improve water use efficiency in maize production, especially in the study area facing water scarcity. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of deficit irrigation to improve maize production in Ethiopia while conserving water resources. Therefore, by implementing deficit irrigation strategies and supporting farmers with appropriate training and resources, Ethiopia can enhance its agricultural productivity and ensure food security in the face of increasing water scarcity.
Breaking the mold: 3D cell cultures reshaping the future of cancer research
Authors: Cordeiro Sandra , Oliveira Beatriz B. , Valente Ruben , Ferreira Daniela , Luz André , Baptista Pedro V. , Fernandes Alexandra R.
Published: November 2024

Despite extensive efforts to unravel tumor behavior and develop anticancer therapies, most treatments fail when advanced to clinical trials. The main challenge in cancer research has been the absence of predictive cancer models, accurately mimicking the tumoral processes and response to treatments. The tumor microenvironment (TME) shows several human-specific physical and chemical properties, which cannot be fully recapitulated by the conventional 2D cell cultures or the in vivo animal models. These limitations have driven the development of novel in vitro cancer models, that get one step closer to the typical features of in vivo systems while showing better species relevance. This review introduces the main considerations required for developing and exploiting tumor spheroids and organoids as cancer models. We also detailed their applications in drug screening and personalized medicine. Further, we show the transition of these models into novel microfluidic platforms, for improved control over physiological parameters and high-throughput screening. 3D culture models have provided key insights into tumor biology, more closely resembling the in vivo TME and tumor characteristics, while enabling the development of more reliable and precise anticancer therapies.
Perspective: Pathological transdifferentiation—a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases and chronic inflammation
Authors: Yang William Y. , Ben Issa Mohammed , Saaoud Fatma , Xu Keman , Shao Ying , Lu Yifan , Dornas Waleska , Cueto Ramon , Jiang Xiaohua , Wang Hong , Yang Xiaofeng
Published: November 2024

Pathological transdifferentiation, where differentiated cells aberrantly transform into other cell types that exacerbate disease rather than promote healing, represents a novel and significant concept. This perspective discusses its role and potential targeting in cardiovascular diseases and chronic inflammation. Current therapies mainly focus on mitigating early inflammatory response through proinflammatory cytokines and pathways targeting, including corticosteroids, TNF-α inhibitors, IL-1β monoclonal antibodies and blockers, IL-6 blockers, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), along with modulating innate immune memory (trained immunity). However, these approaches often fail to address long-term tissue damage and functional regeneration. For instance, fibroblasts can transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts in cardiac fibrosis, and endothelial cells may undergo endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in vascular remodeling, resulting in fibrosis and impaired tissue function. Targeting pathological transdifferentiation represents a promising therapeutic avenue by focusing on key signaling pathways that drive these aberrant cellular phenotypic and transcriptomic transitions. This approach seeks to inhibit these pathways or modulate cellular plasticity to promote effective tissue regeneration and prevent fibrosis. Such strategies have the potential to address inflammation, cell death, and the resulting tissue damage, providing a more comprehensive and sustainable treatment solution. Future research should focus on understanding the mechanisms behind pathological transdifferentiation, identifying relevant biomarkers and master regulators, and developing novel therapies through preclinical and clinical trials. Integrating these new therapies with existing anti-inflammatory treatments could enhance efficacy and improve patient outcomes. Highlighting pathological transdifferentiation as a therapeutic target could transform treatment paradigms, leading to better management and functional recovery of cardiovascular tissues in diseases and chronic inflammation.
Full waveform inversion based on deep learning and the phase-preserving symplectic partitioned Runge-Kutta method
Authors: Zhou Yanjie , Leng Xianxiang , Huang Xueyuan , He Xijun , Cao Tianming
Published: November 2024

To obtain more accurate full waveform inversion results, we present a forward modeling method with minimal phase error, low numerical dispersion, and high computational efficiency. To solve the 2D acoustic wave equation, we utilize a finite-difference (FD) scheme with optimized coefficients for spatial discretization, combined with a phase-preserving symplectic partitioned Runge-Kutta method for temporal discretization. This results in the development of the optimized symplectic partitioned Runge-Kutta (OSPRK) forward modeling method. We further apply the OSPRK method in conjunction with a recurrent neural network (RNN) for full waveform inversion (FWI). Our study explores the impact of various loss functions, Nadam optimizer parameters, and the incorporation of physical information operators on inversion performance. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the OSPRK method significantly reduces numerical dispersion compared to traditional FD methods. The Log-Cosh loss function offers superior stability across different learning rates, while the Nesterov-accelerated Adaptive Moment Estimation (Nadam) optimizer with optimized parameters greatly enhances convergence speed and inversion accuracy. Furthermore, the inclusion of physical information operators markedly improves inversion outcomes.
tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs): establishing their dominance in the regulation of human cancer
Authors: Gong Li , Hu Yajie , Pan Ling , Cheng Yufeng
Published: November 2024

The main function of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) is to carry amino acids into the ribosome and synthesize proteins under the guidance of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). In addition to this, it has been observed that tRNAs undergo precise cleavage at specific loci, giving rise to an extensive array of distinct small RNAs, termed tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs). Existing studies have shown that tsRNAs are widely present across various organisms and comprehensively regulate gene expression, aberrant expression of tsRNAs is inextricably linked to tumorigenesis and development, thus, a systematic understanding of tsRNAs is necessary. This review aims to comprehensively delineate the genesis and expression patterns of tsRNAs, elucidate their diverse functions and emphasize their prospective clinical application as biomarkers and targets for therapy. It is noteworthy that we innovatively address the roles played by tsRNAs in human cancers at the level of the hallmarks of tumorigenesis proposed by Hanahan in anticipation of a broad understanding of tsRNAs and to guide the treatment of tumors.
Research hotspots and trends in immunotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma: a bibliometric analysis (2014-2023)
Authors: Qu Xilin , Wang Qian , Zhu Fengfeng , Liang Hao , Long Zhangtao , Wu Yachen , Jiang Mengliang , Liu Zhaohai , Dai Xiaoming , Zhu Zhu
Published: November 2024

Background

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract with a poor prognosis. Immunotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of CCA. This study aimed to investigate the research hotspots and trends in immunotherapy for CCA.

Methods

The Web of Science Core Collection was searched for literature related to CCA immunotherapy research from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2023, and features such as country, institution, authors, references, and keywords in the included literature were quantitatively and visually analyzed using the VOS viewer and CiteSpace software.

Results

A total of 252 English publications published between 2014 and 2023 were included. The publications were mainly from China and the United States, with Fudan University being the institution that published the most papers. The highest number of publications came from Frontiers in Oncology. The most prolific authors were Jia Fan, Jian Zhou from China and Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus from Thailand, while the Journal of Clinical Oncology ranked first in the number of citations among the co-cited journals. In recent years, the focus of research has shifted from “immune checkpoint” and “chemotherapy” to “immunotherapy combined therapy.” Currently, the research frontiers are “microenvironment,” “immune cells,” and “macrophages.”

Conclusion

Our study analyzes the research hotspots and trends in CCA to provide a knowledge map of immunotherapy research, which will serve as a reference and direction for future research.
Supplementation of Yupingfeng polysaccharides in low fishmeal diets enhances intestinal health through influencing the intestinal barrier, immunity, and microflora in Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Authors: Liu Mingyang , Sun Cunxin , Zhou Qunlan , Xu Pao , Wang Aimin , Zheng Xiaochuan , Liu Bo
Published: November 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a low-fishmeal diet (LF, substituting soybean meal for 40% fish meal) and the supplementation of 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg Yu Ping Feng (YPF) polysaccharides on the growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, intestinal ultrastructure, non-specific immunity, and microbiota of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

Methods

The study involved the administration of different diets to M. rosenbergii, including a control diet, a low-fishmeal diet (LF), and LF diets supplemented with 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg YPF polysaccharides. Growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, intestinal ultrastructure, non-specific immunity, and microbiota were assessed.

Results

The LF diet significantly reduced growth performance parameters compared to the control group. However, YPF supplementation notably improved these parameters, with the greatest improvement observed at a 1000 mg/kg dosage. Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GSH-PX) were diminished in the LF group, accompanied by elevated MDA levels, whereas YPF supplementation restored these activities and reduced MDA levels. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that the LF diet caused intestinal villi detachment and peritrophic matrix (PM) shedding, which were alleviated by YPF. Gene expression related to PM formation (GS, CHS, EcPT) was downregulated in the LF group but significantly upregulated in the 1000P group. Non-specific immune gene expressions (IMD, Relish, IκBα) and enzyme activities (NO, iNOS) were suppressed in the LF group but enhanced by YPF supplementation. Microbial community analysis showed reduced diversity and altered composition in the LF group, with increased Proteobacteria and decreased Firmicutes, which were partially restored by YPF. Correlation analysis revealed that Lactobacillus and Chitinibacter play pivotal roles in regulating intestinal health. Lactobacillus exhibited a positive relationship with the intestinal PM and immune-related indicators, whereas Chitinibacter was negatively associated with these factors.

Discussion

These results highlight the adverse impacts of a low-fishmeal diet on the intestinal health of M. rosenbergii and demonstrate the beneficial effects of YPF polysaccharides in alleviating these negative consequences through various mechanisms, including improved growth performance, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, restored intestinal ultrastructure, and modulated immune responses. The findings suggest that YPF supplementation could be a valuable strategy for mitigating the negative effects of low-fishmeal diets in aaquaculture.
Glucosamine mitigates ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury through anti-inflammatory mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Guangmin , Jin Shengxi , Fan Xinying , Qi Jingjing , Liu Jiane , Yin Shulan , Cao Yanjing , Du Yiping , Dong Xiaolei , Wang Zheng , Tan Xiaohua , Yan Shu
Published: November 2024

Objective

Acute kidney injury (AKI), a syndrome with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, frequently arises from renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, particularly in surgical contexts. Despite extensive research, effective therapies for both AKI and its progression to renal interstitial fibrosis remain elusive. This study investigates the potential therapeutic efficacy of glucosamine (GS), an endogenous amino sugar, in alleviating I/R-induced AKI.

Methods

A murine I/R injury model was utilized to evaluate the protective effects of GS. Mice were treated with GS prior to I/R injury, and renal tissues were harvested for biochemical, histological, and molecular analyses. Key markers of oxidative stress, mitochondrial integrity, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were measured. Additionally, inflammatory responses in proximal convoluted tubular epithelial cells exposed to TPHP, an environmental toxin, were assessed in vitro.

Results

GS administration markedly reduced oxidative stress levels, preserved mitochondrial structure, and mitigated ER stress in renal tissues following I/R injury. Moreover, GS significantly attenuated TPHP-induced inflammatory responses in proximal tubular epithelial cells, suggesting a targeted anti-inflammatory action.

Conclusion

These findings highlight glucosamine’s potential as a therapeutic agent for AKI, offering protection through the modulation of oxidative, mitochondrial, and inflammatory pathways. This study provides foundational evidence for GS as a promising candidate for AKI intervention and opens avenues for further exploration of glucosamine in kidney disease therapeutics.
Product perceptual design optimization model based on BP neural network
Authors: Yong Lei
Published: November 2024

Background

User reviews of online shopping platforms can truly reflect users’ feelings about the use of products. They have the advantages of large sample size, wide range and uniform distribution, and can help optimize the perceptual model of product design.

Methods

The web crawler crawls user comments, and TFIDF-SP quantifies them. The principal component analysis method selects the perceptual evaluation index, the morphological analysis method disassembles the product into several main structures, and the BP neural network constructs the perceptual optimization model.

Results

Taking the paint tray as an example, according to the trained BP neural network, the shape factor combination with the highest perceptual evaluation value is predicted. The experimental results verify the accuracy of the model.

Conclusion

The model based on BP neural network has the ability to quickly and accurately combine the best form factors, improves the design efficiency of product design perceptual optimization, improves the rationality of product design, and provides a new idea for consumer demand market-oriented product design.
A bibliometric analysis of gene editing and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (from 2004 to 2024)
Authors: Wan Hejia , Qian Wenli , Wei Bingqi , Tian Kaiyue , Chen Ziyi , Zhang Jiong , Chen Fang
Published: November 2024

Objective

To learn more about gene editing and ALS, and to provide a comprehensive view of gene editing for further treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Methods

We searched 1981 records from Web of Science core collection and Pubmed, Scopus, of which 1,292 records were obtained after exclusion. We then scientifically and metrologically analyzed these records for spatial and temporal distribution, author distribution, subject categories, subject distribution, references, and keywords using R, software CiteSpace and VOSviewer.

Results

Our analysis provides basic information about research in the field, suggests that the field has stabilized over the past decade, and identifies potential partners for interested researchers. Current research in this area is focused on inflammatory mechanisms, immune mechanisms, related diseases, and associated cytokines in ALS.

Conclusion

RNA Editing, Antisense Bligonucleotide, and Glycine Receptor are cutting-edge research topics in this field, which is undergoing rapid development. We hope that this work will provide new ideas for advancing the scientific research and clinical application of ALS.
Effect of motor process-related priming via repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation on embodiment perception during mirror visual feedback: a pilot study
Authors: Li Ying , Li Ping , Li Yixuan , Wang Jia , Shen Xinyao , Zhang Mingyong , Ding Li
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Non-invasive brain stimulation has been combined with mirror visual feedback (MVF) as a priming strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy. However, a superior combined effect is hindered by the lack of emphasis on MVF-relevant embodiment perception.

Objective

This study assessed the priming effect of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) on embodiment perception during MVF.

Methods

In the experiment, 15 healthy participants were required to complete tasks using their left hand while keeping their right hand static behind a mirror. They first received excitatory TMS over the left M1 or dlPFC, or sham-TMS in random order during three trial rounds and then performed three subsequent motor tasks and two task-oriented evaluations during MVF in each trial. Latency time (LT), number of embodiment occurrences, embodiment questionnaire (EQ) score, and time required to complete the task-oriented activities were recorded.

Results

The results showed that the LT of forearm rotation in the dlPFC-TMS round was shorter than that in the sham-TMS round, although a greater number of occurrences were obtained in both the M1-TMS and dlPFC-TMS rounds compared to the sham-TMS round within the three motor tasks, which suggested that TMS priming facilitated the elicitation of embodiment perception. The EQ results indicated strengthened embodiment perception after TMS priming, especially in the dlPFC-TMS round.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence that TMS priming over motor process-related regions, specifically the dlPFC, contributes to eliciting and intensifying embodiment perception during MVF, which benefited from a superior MVF paradigm for improving rehabilitation outcomes.

Clinical Trial Registration

Identifier ChiCTR2400089499 https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=240385.
Knowledge graph and frontier trends in melanoma-associated ncRNAs: a bibliometric analysis from 2006 to 2023
Authors: Wang Ru , Zhu Xiao-yan , Wang Yi
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Malignant melanoma (MM) is a highly malignant skin tumor. Although research on non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) of MM has advanced swiftly in recent years, no specific bibliometric analyses have been conducted on this topic. The present study aims to summarize the knowledge graphs and frontier trends and to provide new perspectives and direction of collaboration for researchers.

Method

Research data on melanoma and ncRNA published from January 1, 2006 to October 9, 2023 were retrieved and extracted from Web of Science. R Studio (Version 4.3.1), Scimago Graphica (Version 1.0.36), VOSviewer version (1.6.19), and Citespace (6.2.4R) were used to analyze the publications, countries, journals, institutions, authors, keywords, references, and other relevant data and to build collaboration network graphs and co-occurrence network graphs accordingly.

Results

A total of 1,222 articles were retrieved, involving 4,894 authors, 385 journals, 43,220 references, 2413 keywords, and 1,651 institutions in 47 countries. The average annual growth rate in the number of articles was 25.02% from 2006 to 2023; among all the journals, Plos One had the highest number of publications and citations, which are 42 publications and 2,228 citations, respectively. Chinese researchers were the most prolific publishers in this field, having published a total of 657 articles, among which 42 were published by Shanghai Jiao Tong University, which was the most productive institution. In recent years, the most explored keywords included long non-coding RNAs, immunotherapy, and exosm. According to the timeline chart of reference co-citation, “functional role” has been the most explored hotspot since 2015, and human cancer is a newly emerged hotspot after 2021.

Conclusion

Through a bibliometric analysis, this study included all publications on ncRNAs and melanoma that were published in English from 2006 to 2023 in Web of Science to analyze the trends in the number of publications, international research focuses, and the direction of collaboration. The results of this study may provide information on knowledge graph, frontier trends and identify research topics in melanoma. More current research proved that ncRNA plays a crucial role in the biological behavior of melanoma including proliferation, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, etc. With the development of research on ncRNA and melanoma, ncRNA may great potential in development of early diagnosis, targeted therapy and efficacy evaluation in the future. The results of this study also provide new perspectives and research partners for researchers in this field.
Targeted transcriptomic analysis of well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma reveals multiple dysregulated pathways including glucose metabolism, TGF-β, and HIF-1 signaling
Authors: Patton Ashley , Horn Natalie , Upadhaya Puja , Sarchet Patricia , Pollock Raphael E. , Oghumu Steve , Iwenofu Obiajulu Hans
Published: November 2024

Liposarcoma is the most prevalent sarcoma in adults representing 20% of all sarcomas with well-differentiated/dedifferentiated among the most common subtypes represented. Despite multimodality treatment approaches, there has not been any appreciable change in survival benefit in the past 10 years. The future of targeted therapy for WD/DDLPS is promising with the intention to spare multi-visceral removal due to radical surgical resection. Therefore, there is a need to expand upon the molecular landscape of WDLPS and DDLPS which can help identify potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of this disease. Targeted transcriptome analysis using the NanoString tumor signaling 360 panel revealed a dysregulation in glucose metabolism and HIF1 signaling pathways in both WDLPS and DDLPS when compared to normal fat controls. WDLPS, however, demonstrated upregulation of HIF-1A and TGF-β when compared to DDLPS by targeted transcriptome analysis and orthogonal validation by RT-qPCR suggesting activation of EMT pathway in WDLPS when compared to DDLPS. Our findings implicate a putative role for dysregulation in glucose metabolism, TGF-β and HIF1 signaling in the pathogenesis of both WD/DDLPS suggesting a possible proinflammatory tumor environment within WDLPS and subsequent activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway.
Kinetics of endothelin-1 and effect selective ETA antagonism on ETB activation: a mathematical modeling analysis
Authors: Hallow K. Melissa , Greasley Peter J. , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. , Yu Hongtao
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) regulates renal and vascular function, but the clinical utility of selective ETA receptor antagonists has been limited due to associated fluid retention. The mechanisms underlying fluid retention remain poorly understood but could be a consequence of changes in ET-1 binding to the unantagonized ETB receptor, either through increased ET-1 or non-selective ETB.

Methods

A mathematical model of ET-1 kinetics was developed to quantify effects of ETA antagonist exposure and selectivity on concentrations of ET-1 and its complexes with ETA and ETB receptors. The model describes ET-1 production, tissue and plasma distribution, ETA and ETB receptor binding, and receptor-mediated clearance, and was calibrated and validated with human ET-1 infusion studies.

Results

The model confirmed the significant role of ETB in ET-1 clearance. By varying both drug ETA selectivity (Kib/Kia) and concentration over a wide range, simulations predicted that while selective ETA antagonist (selectivity >1) always decreased [ET1-ETA], the change in [ET1-ETB] was more complex. It increased up to 45% as drug concentrations approached and exceeded Kia, but the increase was diminished as drug concentration increased further and fell below baseline at high concentrations. The drug concentration required to cause a decrease in [ET1-ETB] was lower as ETA selectivity decreased.

Discussion

This is the first mechanistic mathematical model of ET-1 kinetics that describes receptor-mediated clearance, and the consequence of ETB blockade on ET-1 concentrations. It provides a useful tool that can coupled with experimental studies to quantitively understand and investigate this complex and dynamic system.
Benefiting from binary negations? Verbal negations decrease visual attention and balance its distribution
Authors: Banh Ngoc Chi , Tünnermann Jan , Rohlfing Katharina J. , Scharlau Ingrid
Published: November 2024

Negated statements require more processing efforts than assertions. However, in certain contexts, repeating negations undergo adaptation, which over time mitigates the effort. Here, we ask whether negations hamper visual processing and whether consecutive repetitions mitigate its influence. We assessed the overall attentional capacity, that is, the available processing resources, and its distribution, the relative weight, quantitatively using the formal Theory of Visual Attention (TVA). We employed a very simple form for negations, binary negations on top of an accuracy-based, TVA-based temporal-order judgment (TOJ) paradigm. Negated instructions, expressing the only alternative to the core supposition, were cognitively demanding, resulting in a loss of attentional capacity in three experiments. The overall attentional capacity recovered gradually but stagnated at a lower level than with assertions, even after many repetitions. Additionally, negations distributed the attention equally between the target and reference stimulus. Repetitions slightly increased the reference stimulus' share of attention. Assertions, on the other hand, shifted the attentional weight toward the target stimulus. Few repetitions slightly decreased the attentional shift toward the target stimulus, many repetitions increased it.