bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remote Sensing and GIS in Air Pollution Mitigation: A Bibliometric Review of Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Tikader Manisha , Mukhopadhyay Debaaditya , Dabhadker Kaveri
Published: April 2024

Remote sensing and GIS serve as indispensable tools in the ongoing battle against air pollution and in the quest to improve air quality. These technologies, including satellite imagery and aerial mapping, provide a wealth of data pertaining to atmospheric conditions and the presence of pollutants. Through the integration of this data within Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software, researchers and policymakers gain valuable insights into the distribution and concentration of pollutants such as sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, all of which have significant implications for human health and the environment. The utilization of remote sensing allows for the monitoring of pollutant movement over large geographical areas, enabling the identification of pollution sources and the assessment of their impact on surrounding regions. GIS, on the other hand, facilitates the visualization of this data through the creation of maps and spatial analyses, offering a comprehensive understanding of air pollution patterns and their correlations with demographic characteristics and land use practices. By leveraging these technologies, decision-makers can pinpoint areas with heightened pollution levels, such as urban centers or regions with extensive industrial activity. Armed with this information, targeted mitigation strategies can be devised and implemented to alleviate pollution burdens and safeguard public health. Furthermore, the integrated approach provided by remote sensing and GIS enables the monitoring of the effectiveness of these strategies over time, allowing for adjustments and refinements as needed. In the context of Chhattisgarh, India, where air pollution poses a significant challenge, the application of remote sensing and GIS holds particular promise. By highlighting the advancements and innovations in these fields within the state, we aim to underscore the potential for informed decision-making and proactive measures to combat air pollution and enhance air quality for the benefit of all residents. In this review paper we aim to highlight the advancements in this field that has occurred in controlling air pollution in the state of Chhattisgarh, India.
Impact of Coupling Duration on Fecundity and Fertility of Muga Silkworm (Antheraea assamensis Helfer) During Grainage Operation
Authors: Majumdar Mahasankar , Kumar Vikram , Guha Lopamudra , Singh Abhishek , Indirakumar K. , Neog Kartik
Published: April 2024

Quality seed production is considered the backbone of the sericulture industry. Eggs are the primary and fundamental component of Muga culture, so the production of quality eggs is imperative. For successful production of cocoon crops, an adequate quantity of good-quality eggs is essential. In the case of silk moth mating, the time varies from 5 to 8 hours, which is generally termed as the coupling period. The temporal aspects of mating in terms of duration may also impact the number of eggs laid, the pattern of egg laying, and their viability. The present investigation intends to find out whether the duration of the coupling period has any relation with the fecundity and fertility of silk moths. The study was conducted with the Muga Silkworm (Antheraea assamensis Helfer) in Baisakhi and Bhodia seed crops. The experiment reveals that total fecundity almost remains the same above 5 hours of coupling duration, but fertility is directly proportional to the coupling duration and reaches a maximum (85%) at 7-8 hours of coupling duration. It is also observed that coupling duration of more than 8 hours also affects the fecundity of Muga silk moths, but fertility remains the same as the control batch or the 7-8 hour batch.
Formation of Chiral Mesopores in Conducting Polymers by Chiral‐Lipid‐Ribbon Templating and “Seeding” Route
Authors: Fan Chaxing , Qiu Huibin , Ruan Juanfang , Terasaki Osamu , Yan Yong , Wei Zhixiang , Che Shunai
Published: July 2008

Conducting polymer nanofibers with controllable chiral mesopores in the size, the shape, and handedness have been synthesized by chiral lipid ribbon templating and “seeding” route. Chiral mesoporous conducting poly(pyrrole) (CMPP) synthesized with very small amount of chiral amphiphilic molecules (usually < 3%) has helically twisted channels with well‐defined controllable pore size of 5–20 nm in central axis of the twisted fibers. The structure and chirality of helical mesopores have been characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron tomography. The average pore diameters of chiral mesopores were approximately estimated from the N2 adsorption–desorption data and calculated by the conversion calculation from helical ribbons to a rectangular straight tape. The pore size of CMPP has been controlled by choosing different alkyl chain lengths of chiral lipid molecules or precisely adjusting the H2O/EtOH volume ratio.
Facile Creation of Biomimetic Systems at the Interface and in Bulk
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhao Ning , Liang Songmiao , Lu Xiaoying , Li Xiaofen , Xie Qiongdan , Zhang Xiaoli , Xu Jian
Published: July 2008

Nature always gives us inspiration for the fabrication of functional materials by mimicking the structural design or stimuli‐responsive capability of biomaterials. However, the strict preparation conditions, multistep processes, and high cost of the methods to create biomimetic systems at the interface and in bulk limit their practical applications. Therefore, development of a simple, cheap, but effective method has become the focus of our research in this field. In this feature article, facile methods for creating lotus‐leaf‐like micro‐nano‐binary structured superhydrophobic or superamphiphobic surfaces based on different mechanisms, i.e., solvent‐induced phase separation of a polymer blend solution, self‐assembly of a copolymer micelle solution, and solvent‐induced crystallization, are summarized. Moreover, progress into the investigation on the special microstructures that induce unique wetting properties are also introduced. As an effective biomimetic bulk system, a unique swift stimuli‐responsive gel actuator has been developed under a non‐contact electronic field in air. Artificial muscles with path‐controlled or self‐governing long‐range locomotion can be realized by using these stimuli‐responsive polymer gels on the basis of the extraordinary driving mechanisms.

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The evolution of brachiation in ateline primates, ancestral character states and history
Authors: Jones Andrea L.
Published: July 2008

This study examines how brachiation locomotion evolved in ateline primates using recently‐developed molecular phylogenies and character reconstruction algorithms, and a newly‐collected dataset including the fossils Protopithecus, Caipora, and Cebupithecia. Fossils are added to two platyrrhine molecular phylogenies to create several phylogenetic scenarios. A generalized least squares algorithm reconstructs ateline and atelin ancestral character states for 17 characters that differentiate between ateline brachiators and nonbrachiators. Histories of these characters are mapped out on these phylogenies, producing two scenarios of ateline brachiation evolution that have four commonalities: First, many characters change towards the Ateles condition on the ateline stem lineage before Alouatta splits off from the atelins, suggesting that an ateline energy‐maximizing strategy began before the atelines diversified. Second, the ateline last common ancestor is always reconstructed as an agile quadruped, usually with suspensory abilities. It is never exactly like Alouatta and many characters reverse and change towards the Alouatta condition after Alouatta separates from the atelins. Third, most characters undergo homoplastic change in all ateline lineages, especially on the Ateles and Brachyteles terminal branches. Fourth, ateline character evolution probably went through a hindlimb suspension with tail‐bracing phase. The atelines most likely diversified via a quick adaptive radiation, with bursts of punctuated change occurring in their postcranial skeletons, due to changing climatic conditions, which may have caused competition among the atelines and between atelines and pitheciines. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight structure determination of complex thermoset networks: Polyflavonoid tannin–furanic rigid foams
Authors: Pizzi A. , Tondi G. , Pasch H. , Celzard A.
Published: July 2008

Polyflavonoid tannin–formaldehyde–furfuryl alcohol rigid foams yield hardened, rigid, tridimensional networks in which there are covalently linked structures derived from the reaction of their main components. Thus, polyflavonoid tannin structures, tannin–formaldehyde structures, furanic structures derived by the self‐condensation of furfuryl alcohol, and mixed tannin–furane and tannin–furane–formaldehyde structures are all present in the continuous foam networks. Some complex, tridimensional structures involving tannin's flavonoid units, furan nuclei, and formaldehyde‐derived methylene bridges appear to be formed too. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry has been used to determine the different segments contributing to forming the complex thermosetting networks of the hardened foams. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Investigation of the oxygen depletion properties of novel oxygen‐scavenging plastics
Authors: Yeh Jen‐Taut , Cui Li , Chang Chang‐Jung , Jiang Tao , Chen Kan‐Nan
Published: July 2008

The oxygen depletion and tensile properties of EVA resins blended with varying compositions and sizes of iron (Fe), modified iron (MFe) and ascorbic acid (Vc) oxygen scavengers were systematically investigated. After blending Vc together with varying sizes of MFe in EVA resins, “synergistic” oxygen depletion properties were found in each EVcMFe‐30, EVcMFe‐5, and EVcMFe‐1 series samples, as their weight ratios of Vc to MFe are between 3/7 to 5/5, 3/7 to 7/3 and 1/9 to 9/1, respectively. The oxygen depletion rates of EVcMFe series samples increase significantly as the particle sizes of MFe powders reduce. In fact, the oxygen‐scavenging resins with better oxygen depletion properties always result in lower peroxide values for modeled food samples stored in the airtight flasks of EVcMFe series samples. Further tensile experiments show that the tensile properties of the EVcMFe series samples increase significantly as their Vc loadings or the sizes of the MFe powders reduce. To understand these interesting oxygen depletion, lipid oxidation, and tensile properties of EVcMFe series samples, SEM and EDX analysis of the compositions on the surfaces of EVcMFe series samples were performed. Possible mechanisms accounting for these interesting properties of EVc, EFe, EMFe, and EVcMFe series samples are proposed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Chinese pronominal anaphora resolution using lexical knowledge and entropy‐based weight
Authors: Wu Dian‐Song , Liang Tyne
Published: July 2008

Pronominal anaphors are commonly observed in written texts. In this article, effective Chinese pronominal anaphora resolution is addressed by using lexical knowledge acquisition and salience measurement. The lexical knowledge acquisition is aimed to extract more semantic features, such as gender, number, and collocate compatibility by employing multiple resources. The presented salience measurement is based on entropy‐based weighting on selecting antecedent candidates. The resolution is justified with a real corpus and compared with a rule‐based model. Experimental results by five‐fold cross‐validation show that our approach yields 82.5% success rate on 1343 anaphoric instances. In comparison with a general rule‐based approach, the performance is improved by 7%.
Embryotoxicity of artesunate in animal species related to drug tissue distribution and toxicokinetic profiles
Authors: Li Qigui , Si Yuanzheng , Smith Kirsten S. , Zeng Qiang , Weina Peter J.
Published: July 2008

BACKGROUND: Injectable artesunate (AS) can cause fetal death and teratogenic effects in animals at levels below the human therapeutic dose. Similar toxicity has also been found for oral artemisinins in various animal species, but has not been found in humans.

METHODS: Studies on tissue distribution (5 mg/kg) and toxicokinetics (TK, 30 mg/kg × 3) were conducted in pregnant (GD11–13) and non‐pregnant rats.

RESULTS: TK profiles of AS showed that the two groups of rats were similar after a single AS dose but were significantly different after multiple doses. Following a daily dose for 3 days, no change in AS concentration was found in the pregnant animals, but a significant concentration decline was seen in the non‐pregnant rats on day 3. In addition, a higher conversion rate of AS to dihydroartemisinin (DHA) was detected in the pregnant rats after either single or multiple doses compared to non‐pregnant controls. The ratios of AUCDHA/AUCAS were 0.99–1.02 for the pregnant rats and 0.42–0.48 for non‐pregnant animals, resulting in a total AUCDHA D1–3 that was about 3.7‐fold higher in pregnant rats (15,049 ng·h/ml) than in non‐pregnant rats (4,015 ng·h/ml). Furthermore, the tissue/blood partition coefficients demonstrated that the level of radiolabeled AS that was distributed into uterus, placenta, and ovary was 2–4‐fold higher than in blood.

CONCLUSIONS: TK data showed that unchanged AS and DHA in the blood of pregnant rats were 1.53‐ and 3.74‐fold, respectively, higher than those of non‐pregnant animals, which all likely relate to the severe embryotoxicity of AS, even with a low‐dosage regimen in pregnant animals. Birth Defects Res (Part B), 2008. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurite outgrowth of NG108‐15 cells induced by heat shock protein 90 inhibitors
Authors: Jin Erika , Sano Mamoru
Published: July 2008

We previously reported that radicicol (Rad) and geldanamycin (Geld), heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors, potentiate neurite growth of cultured sensory neurons from chick embryo. We now show that the antibiotics induce neurite growth in NG108‐15 cells. Treatment of the cells with these drugs caused transient decrease in protein levels of Raf1, ERK1/2, phosphorylated ERK1/2, Akt1, and CDK4. The neurite growth of NG108‐15 induced by the inhibitors was blocked by actynomycin D, but the neurite growth stimulated by dbcAMP in the cells was not affected. The neurite growth could be due to a change in the synthesis of some specific protein(s) and is speculated to be due to the transient downregulation of particular‐signaling molecules stabilized by Hsp90. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MTHFR C677T polymorphism in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nisevic Ivan , Dinic Jelena , Nikolic Aleksandra , Djordjevic Valentina , Lukic Snezana , Ugljesic Milenko , Andjelic‐Jelic Marina , Petrovic‐Stanojevic Natasa , Radojkovic Dragica
Published: July 2008

Chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma are extensively studied as common and potentially lethal disorders. However, their causes and genetic background in most cases remain unclear. The C677T polymorphism in 5′,10′‐methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene may modulate the risk of pancreatic disorders. In this study, we tested whether MTHFR C677T polymorphism is associated with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the Serbian population. DNA was extracted from blood samples of 51 chronic pancreatitis patients, 21 pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients, and a control group consisting of 50 healthy smokers. The MTHFR C677T polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) technique. Although, no statistically significant differences were observed in the distribution of MTHFR genotype or allele frequencies between patients and control groups, the results showed an increased frequency of homozygotes for MTHFR C677T polymorphism in chronic pancreatitis patients (14%) and a decreased frequency in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients (5%) in comparison to the control group (8%). We speculate that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism could act as a possible risk factor for chronic pancreatitis and a possible protective factor in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This observation needs further investigation in prospective studies on a larger number of patients, in which the effect of other genetic and environmental factors should also be taken into consideration. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TGF‐α induces upregulation and nuclear translocation of Hes1 in glioma cell
Authors: Zheng Yingfeng , Lin Ling , Zheng Zhihong
Published: July 2008

Both the Notch‐signaling pathway and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) cascade are involved in a wide variety of biological processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and tumorigenesis. Their dysregulation in recent studies have been shown to be associated with glioma formation. Here, we show that transforming growth factor‐α (TGF‐α) stimulated glioma cell line U251 growth and can partly compensate for the inhibitory effect of Notch‐signaling inhibitor DAPT. The effect of TGF‐α on ERK1/2 phosphorylation was prompt and transient and could be inhibited by mitogen‐activated/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) specific inhibitor PD98059. Moreover, TGF‐α was capable of up‐regulating Hairy‐enhancer of split1 (Hes1) expression which was independent of Notch1 activation, and of introducing Hes1 nuclear import in the presence of ERK1/2 activation. Collectively, our data suggest a potential linkage between ERK activation and the Notch‐signaling pathway. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative Study of Simple Versus Complex Stenting of Coronary Artery Bifurcation Lesions in Daily Practice in Chinese Patients
Authors: Gao Zhan , Yang Yue Jin , Gao Run Lin
Published: July 2008

Background

Recently, several randomized and controlled trials have demonstrated great advantages of a drug‐eluting stent (DES) with respect to significant reduction in restenosis and recurrence of symptoms, and improvement in clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Little is known about the comparative effects of the 1‐DES plus the kissing balloon technique with the 2‐DES for bifurcation angioplasty in a Chinese population.

Methods

From April 2004 to June 2006, 566 consecutive Chinese patients underwent DES implantation for true bifurcation lesions, including 346 1‐DES with the kissing balloon technique (300 male, 57.7 ± 11.5 y old) and 220 2‐DES (183 male, 58.1 ± 10.7 y old) were analyzed. Clinical and angiographic follow‐up was performed after 7 mo.

Results

The major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rates were higher in the 2‐DES group than in the 1‐DES group (5.5% versus 2.0%; p = 0.032), which was mainly contributed to by acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (4.5% versus 1.4%; p = 0.032), rather than death and target lesion revascularization (TLR) (0% versus 0.5%; p = 0.389, 1.4% versus 2.7%; p = 0.352). Stent thrombosis rates were higher in the 2‐DES group than in the 1‐DES group (0.6% versus 2.7%; p = 0.042), except for 1 late‐stent thrombosis in the 2‐DES group, and all of them were subacute stent thrombosis (2 in the 1‐DES group and 5 in the 2‐DES group). The 7 mo angiographic follow‐up rate was 36.4%. In the main branch there was no difference in restenosis rate in the 1‐DES group compared with the 2‐DES group (9.8% versus 11.9%; p = 0.652), but in the side branch the restenosis rate was higher in the 1‐DES group (33.6% versus 15.5%; p = 0.004). However, there was no difference in in‐segment late loss between the 2 groups, either in the main or side branch.

Conclusion

Compared with the 2‐DES strategy, if a final kissing balloon could be achieved, the 1‐DES strategy may be more efficient and safe. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measurement of Left Ventricular Mass by Contrast Ventriculography
Authors: Chhatriwalla Adnan K. , Kramer Christopher M. , Peixoto Aldo J. , Samady Habib
Published: July 2008

Background

Elevated left ventricular mass (LVM) has been shown to be an important predictor of adverse cardiac events. Calculation of LVM using contrast ventriculography, as described by Rackley, involves measuring left ventricular wall thickness in a single plane, with assumptions made about ventricular geometry.

Hypothesis

We hypothesized that a modification of the Rackley method, involving multiple measurements of left ventricular (LV) wall thickness in 2 orthogonal planes, may add value in the determination of LVM in patients with LV remodeling and dysfunction.

Methods

The LVM was determined in 24 patients with LV dysfunction who had undergone both cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) and contrast left ventriculography. Right anterior oblique (RAO) and left anterior oblique (LAO) still frames in diastole were used to measure LV length, chamber area, and wall thickness. From these variables, LV volume, myocardial volume, and LVM were calculated. The LVM calculations using an average wall thickness from the LAO and RAO projections were compared with LVM measured by CMRI.

Results

Eighty eight percent of patients had hypertension, 100% had coronary artery disease, and mean left ventricular ejection fraction by contrast left ventriculography was 41 ± 14%. Averaging left ventricular wall thickness from RAO and LAO projections using biplane ventriculography for LVM calculation yielded a strong correlation (r = 0.77, p < 0.01) with LVM calculated from CMR.

Conclusions

In patients with left ventricular dysfunction, biplane left ventricular wall thickness measurements for contrast ventriculography LVM calculations render a strong correlation with LVM calculated by CMRI. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Small Heart Syndrome in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Miwa Kunihisa , Fujita Masatoshi
Published: July 2008

Background

Small heart syndrome has previously been reported as neurocirculatory asthenia, associated with a small heart shadow on a chest roentgenogram. This is characterized as weakness or fatigue even after ordinary exertion, palpitation, dyspnea, and fainting, resembling patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).

Hypothesis

Small heart syndrome may be prevalent in patients with CFS.

Methods

The study population consisted of 56 patients (<50 y of age) with CFS, and 38 control subjects. Chest roentgenographic, echocardiographic, and physical examinations were performed.

Results

Small heart syndrome (cardiothoracic ratio ≤ 42%) was significantly more prevalent in the CFS group (61%) than in the control group (24%) (p < 0.01). In CFS patients with a small heart (n = 34), narrow chest (88%), orthostatic dizziness (44%), foot coldness (41%), pretibial pitting edema (32%), r‐kidney palpability (47%), and mitral valve prolapse (29%), were all significantly more prevalent than in the control group, and also in the CFS patients without small heart syndrome. Echocardiographic examination demonstrated significantly smaller values of both the left ventricular (LV) end‐diastolic dimensions and end‐systolic, and stroke volume and cardiac indexes in CFS with a small heart, as compared with control subjects with a normal heart size (42% < cardiothoracic ratio < 50%).

Conclusions

A considerable number of CFS patients have a small heart. Small heart syndrome may contribute to the development of CFS as a constitutional factor predisposing to fatigue, and may be included in the genesis of CFS. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expanding the Understanding of the Treatment of Chronic Angina: A 21st Century Approach–Part II
Authors: Richard Conti C.
Published: July 2008

Three randomized, clinical trials of the drug ranolazine relate to patients with symptomatic myocardial ischemia. A fourth randomized, controlled, clinical trial compares optimal medical therapy with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) plus medical therapy. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Global robust stability of interval delayed neural networks: Modified approach
Authors: Singh Vimal
Published: July 2008

A criterion for the global robust stability of Hopfield‐type delayed neural networks with the intervalized network parameters is presented. The criterion, which is derived by utilizing the idea of splitting the given interval into two intervals, is in the form of linear matrix inequality and, hence, computationally tractable. The criterion yields a less conservative condition compared with many recently reported criteria, as is demonstrated with an example. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of peripheral and autonomic neuropathy among patients with newly diagnosed impaired glucose tolerance
Authors: Isak Baris , Oflazoǧlu Buket , Tanrıdag Tulin , Yitmen Irem , Us Onder
Published: July 2008

Background

We have aimed to investigate the presence of peripheral and autonomic neuropathy in individuals who had been diagnosed with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) on the basis of an oral glucose tolerance test, by comparing with age‐matched healthy subjects with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in normoglycemic ranges.

Material and methods

Conventional nerve conduction studies, heart rate variation variability, heart rate response to deep breathing, heart rate response to valsalva maneuvre, blood pressure response to standing up quickly, hand grip test and sympathetic skin response tests were used to evaluate the IGT and the control subjects.

Results

No obvious statistical difference indicating peripheral neuropathy and/or cardiac autonomic neuropathy was detected between patient group and controls. Amplitudes of sympathetic skin response of two limbs (right upper and lower extremities) were lower in the IGT patient group when compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05) indicating the presence of sudomotor autonomic neuropathy.

Conclusion

Complaints and neurological examinations of patients with IGT were thought to be consistent with small‐fiber neuropathy in the early phase of glucose intolerance. Not detecting any neuropathic findings in conventional electroneurography should be attributed to insufficient time allowed for settling down of large‐fiber neuropathy. Obtaining no response in some of the patients in addition to general decrease in the amplitudes of sympathetic skin responses indicates that sudomotor fibers tend to be affected earlier in autonomic neuropathy in the group with IGT when compared with healthy controls. Newly diagnosed IGT patients take receive priority in primary protection since the time for settling down of cardiac autonomic neuropathy was short. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying students feigning dyslexia: preliminary findings and strategies for detection
Authors: Harrison Allyson G. , Edwards Melanie J. , Parker Kevin C. H.
Published: July 2008

When conducting psychological evaluations, clinicians typically assume that individuals being evaluated are putting forth maximal effort and are not exaggerating or magnifying symptom complaints. Recent research, however, suggests that students undergoing post‐secondary‐level assessments to document learning difficulties may not always put forth their best effort, and may even be motivated to exaggerate or magnify symptoms. This paper presents evidence indicating that symptom exaggeration in this context is not only possible, but is indistinguishable from valid symptomatology when it occurs. We argue that symptom validity assessment should be included in all higher‐education assessments for dyslexia and other specific learning disorders, and suggest some preliminary strategies for detection. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cerebral palsy and anorexia nervosa
Authors: Webb Kate , Morgan John , Lacey J. Hubert
Published: July 2008

Objective:

To describe the management of a woman with cerebral palsy and anorexia nervosa.

Method:

We carried out a literature search and gained consent and a history from the patient. We explored the etiological and ethical issues raised in this case.

Results:

Etiological issues are raised, looking at the interaction between physical disability and self‐image. Clinical and practical difficulties of caring for a patient with physical disability properly on an eating disorder unit are discussed, as well as ethical issues concerning mental capacity and the use of the mental health act in anorexia nervosa.

Conclusion:

This case reminds us again that we can learn much from listening to patients. In this instance, service and operational policies on managing disabilities on the unit, were shaped by her input. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Activity‐based anorexia during adolescence does not promote binge eating during adulthood in female rats
Authors: Cai Wenli , Bocarsly Miriam E. , Arner Candice N. , Walsh B. Timothy , Foltin Richard W. , Hoebel Bartley G. , Barbarich‐Marsteller Nicole C.
Published: July 2008

Objective:

Given the frequency of transition from anorexia nervosa to bulimia nervosa, this study investigated whether a history of activity‐based anorexia (ABA) during adolescence would promote binge eating during adulthood in female rats.

Method:

Adolescent rats were given 1‐h unlimited access to chow and ad libitum access to a running wheel until body weight reached <80%, indicating the development of ABA. During adulthood, all groups were given 21 days of access to a palatable food for 2 h/day and ad libitum access to chow.

Results:

During adolescence, rats in the ABA paradigm developed increased wheel running and decreased food intake, reaching <80% of body weight after 3 days. However, there were no significant differences between groups in the amount of binge food consumed during adulthood.

Conclusion:

A brief episode of ABA during adolescence did not lead to increased binge eating later in life. Longer‐term models are needed to determine whether a propensity toward binge eating may result from more sustained ABA during adolescence. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Maternal behaviors and restrained eating and body dissatisfaction in young children
Authors: Anschutz Doeschka J. , Kanters Linda J.A. , Van Strien Tatjana , Vermulst Ad A. , Engels Rutger C.M.E.
Published: July 2008

Objective:

The present study aimed at testing the relations between maternal weight concern and maternal encouragement to be thin as perceived by the child, and restraint and body dissatisfaction in young children.

Method:

Cross‐sectional data were collected among 501 children (aged 7–10), using self‐reports on maternal behaviors, body dissatisfaction, and restraint. Height and weight were objectively measured. Model testing was conducted with M+, and multigroup tests were conducted to test differences between the sexes, and between younger and older children.

Results:

Associations between the child's perception of maternal encouragement to be thin and child body dissatisfaction and restrained eating were found, whereas the child's perception of maternal weight concern was primarily related to child restrained eating. No sex differences were found, but the relations were stronger for the older children.

Conclusion:

Not only in girls, but in boys as well the child's perception of maternal behaviors plays a role. At primary school age children may become more vulnerable to possible maternal influences. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Food volume effects on intake and appetite in women with binge‐eating disorder and weight‐matched controls
Authors: Latner Janet D. , Rosewall Juliet K. , Chisholm Amy M.
Published: July 2008

Objective:

Our study examined the effect of food volume on later intake and appetite ratings in 15 women with binge eating disorder (BED) and 15 healthy control women.

Method:

On nonconsecutive days, lower‐ volume (250 ml/171 kcal) and higher‐ volume milk‐based preloads (500 ml/171 kcal) were served in counterbalanced order. Thirty minutes later, appetite ratings and intake at a buffet‐style test‐lunch were assessed.

Results:

Higher‐volume preloads decreased hunger, desire to eat, excitement about eating, desire for dessert, and loss of control over eating at test meals, relative to lower‐volume preloads. Test‐meal intake was greater among BED participants than controls; intake did not differ by preload volume. BED participants' desire to eat, prospective consumption, excitement about eating, and desire for meals and desserts were higher than controls' ratings.

Conclusion:

Higher‐volume foods decreased hunger and related appetite ratings. Differences in food intake and appetite between BED and control participants provide further evidence for the validity of test meals to assess binge eating. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Anode attachment and received heat of argon torch plasma with high lateral airflow as function of current
Authors: Ishikawa Shuhei , Beppu Takuya , Iwao Toru , Inaba Tsuginori
Published: July 2008

The torch plasma arc has useful characteristics of high energy and high current. The mode of torch plasma arcs can be flexible, even if the arc is exposed to the lateral gas. In this paper, we measured the input power, heat power, and heat efficiency of the torch plasma arc to the anode in order to determine the current effect on the anode attachment of plasma torch arc with high lateral air velocity, varying from 0 to 80 m/s at a plasma Ar flow rate of 12 slm. As a result, the input power increases with lateral gas velocity such as from about 8000 W to 16,000 W and the heat efficiency decreases with the lateral gas velocity such as from about 50% to 25% at the current I=150 A and appearance plasma length La=1 cm. These results could be applied to providing the electrical power from the ground to high‐speed mobiles, v.v., and to reducing an anode surface erosion by the anode spot movement. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(2): 29–35, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20479
Study of phase current measurement by the whole conductors clamping method for three‐phase cable
Authors: Iwasaki Fumio , Ohnishi Kazunori
Published: July 2008

This paper describes a new measuring method for the phase current in a high‐voltage three‐phase cable. Twenty‐four pieces of independent coils wound around the coreless bobbins are used to make a CT sensor. The primary phase current may be calculated based on the output voltage of each coil. The certain correlation between the output voltage and primary phase current is observed by the experimental data. This new CT sensor enables the measurement of the phase current using the whole conductors clamping method for a three‐phase cable. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(2): 9–20, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20753
Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Porphyrin–Polyoxometalate Complexes (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 22/2008)
Authors: Allain Clémence , Favette Sophie , Chamoreau Lise‐Marie , Vaissermann Jacqueline , Ruhlmann Laurent , Hasenknopf Bernold
Published: July 2008

The cover picture shows the coordination of two porphyrins to a functionalized polyoxometalate and a typical signature from fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The combination of porphyrins as photoactive molecules with polyoxometalates as redox‐active complexes is a way to elaborate new photocatalysts and photoactive materials. Organic ligands grafted onto the polyoxometalates allow for the control of the architecture of the assembly. Details on this approach are given in the article by L. Ruhlmann, B. Hasenknopf et al. on p. 3433 ff.
Phosphotungstic Acid Catalyzed Amidation of Alcohols
Authors: Wang Guan‐Wu , Shen Ye‐Bing , Wu Xue‐Liang
Published: July 2008

Mild nucleophilic substitution reactions of benzhydrylic, benzylic, allylic, and simple aliphatic alcohols with sulfonamides, benzamide, and 4‐nitroaniline in the presence of 12‐phosphotungstic acid as an efficient, eco‐friendly, cheap, and air‐ and moisture‐tolerant catalyst for the construction of C–N bonds has been investigated. The amine derivatives were obtained in good yields (up to 98 %). The reusable nature of the 12‐phosphotungstic acid makes this protocol more attractive.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
A numerical approximation of the thermal coupling of fluids and solids
Authors: Principe Javier , Codina Ramon
Published: July 2008

In this article we analyze the problem of the thermal coupling of fluids and solids through a common interface. We state the global thermal problem in the whole domain, including the fluid part and the solid part. This global thermal problem presents discontinuous physical properties that depend on the solution of auxiliary problems on each part of the domain (a fluid flow problem and a solid state problem). We present a domain decomposition strategy to iteratively solve problems posed in both subdomains and discuss some implementation aspects of the algorithm. This domain decomposition framework is also used to revisit the use of wall function approaches used in this context. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mobility of shear thinning viscous drops in a shear Newtonian carrying flow using DR‐BEM
Authors: Giraldo M. , Power H. , Flórez W.
Published: July 2008

The study of drop behaviour has attracted great interest in the last years due to its importance in different industrial and biological systems. Most available works focus on Newtonian drops, excluding some very important applications such as polymer mixing. Simulations of non‐Newtonian drops have had only limited study, mostly in time‐dependent rheologies or simple flow cases. This work presents a boundary‐only formulation based on the dual reciprocity method to model the motion and deformation of non‐Newtonian shear thinning drops due to a shear Newtonian unbounded carrying flow. Pair‐wise interactions at low Reynolds number between two viscous shear thinning non‐Newtonian drops are numerically simulated in order to obtain mobility magnitudes under linear shear flow of different strengths. Separation of the drops in the direction perpendicular to the imposed flow field at high capillary number (small surface tension) and low viscosity ratio was favoured by shear thinning, increasing in magnitude as the capillary number increases and the viscous ratio decreases. Higher values of this separation occur at higher values of the viscosity ratio when compared with the case of Newtonian drops. In order to obtain a good physical description of the non‐Newtonian drop behaviour, while maintaining good computational performance, the non‐Newtonian viscosity is made to obey the truncated power law model. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluid forces on a square cylinder in oscillating flows with non‐zero‐mean velocities
Authors: Chen Chu‐Chang , Fang Fuh‐Min , Li Yi‐Chao , Huang Long‐Ming , Chung Cheng‐Yang
Published: July 2008

The unsteady forces on a square cylinder in sinusoidally oscillating flows with non‐zero‐mean velocities are investigated numerically by using a weakly compressible‐flow method with three‐dimensional large eddy simulations. The major parameters in the analysis are Keulegan–Carpenter number (KC) and the ratio between the amplitude and the mean velocities of the approaching flow (AR). By varying the values of KC and AR the resulting drag and lift of the cylinders are analyzed systematically at two selected approaching‐flow attack angles (0 and 22.5∘). In the case of the non‐zero attack angle, results show that both the drag and lift histories can be adequately described by Morison equations. However, Morison equations fail to correctly describing the lift history as the attack angle is zero. In addition, when the ratio of AR/KC is near the Strouhal number of the bluff‐body flow, the resulting drag is promoted due to the occurrence of resonance. Based on the results of systematic analyses, finally, the mean and inertia force coefficients at the two selected attack angles are presented as functions of KC and AR based on the Morison relationships. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive rehabilitation in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Kurz Alexander , Pohl Corina , Ramsenthaler Michaela , Sorg Christian
Published: July 2008

Objective

To explore the benefits of a multi‐component cognitive rehabilitation programme in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods

Patients with MCI (n = 18) and patients with mild dementia in Alzheimer's disease (n = 10) participated in a 4‐week cognitive rehabilitation programme in a day clinic setting. The intervention was provided in group format and included activity planning, self‐assertiveness training, relaxation techniques, stress management, use of external memory aids, memory training, and motor exercise.

Results

After 4 weeks, MCI patients showed significant improvements on activities of daily living, mood, verbal and nonverbal episodic memory. In contrast, patients with mild dementia exhibited a non‐significant increase in verbal memory but no other changes. MCI subjects allocated to the waiting list control condition (n = 12) showed a significant re‐test effect on verbal episodic memory, but no improvement of everyday activities or mood.

Conclusions

The study demonstrates that patients with MCI benefit from a multi‐component cognitive rehabilitation programme with regard to activities of daily living, mood, and memory performance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of head motion in children during various fMRI language tasks
Authors: Yuan Weihong , Altaye Mekibib , Ret Jen , Schmithorst Vincent , Byars Anna W. , Plante Elena , Holland Scott K.
Published: July 2008

Purpose:

Head motion during functional MRI scanning can lead to signal artifact, a problem often more severe with children. However, the documentation for the characteristics of head motion in children during various language functional tasks is very limited in the current literature. This report characterizes head motion in children during fMRI as a function of age, sex, and task.

Methods:

Head motion during four different fMRI language tasks was investigated in a group of 323 healthy children between the age of 5 and 18 years. A repeated measures ANOVA analysis was used to study the impact of age, sex, task, and the interaction of these factors on the motion.

Results:

Pediatric subjects demonstrated significantly different amounts of head motion during fMRI when different language tasks were used. Word‐Picture Matching, the only task that involved visual engagement, suffered the least amount of motion, which was significantly less than in any of the other three tasks; the latter were not significantly different from each other. Further examination revealed that the main effect of language task on motion was significantly affected by age, sex, and their interaction.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that age, sex, and task are all associated with the degree of head motion in children during fMRI experiments. Investigators working with pediatric patients may increase their success by using task components associated with less motion (e.g., visual stimuli), or by using this large scale dataset to estimate the effects of sex and age on motion for planning purposes. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The roles of roads and agricultural land use in altering hydrological processes in Nam Mae Rim watershed, northern Thailand
Authors: Cuo Lan , Giambelluca Thomas W. , Ziegler Alan D. , Nullet Michael A.
Published: July 2008

The distributed hydrology soil vegetation model (DHSVM) is applied in the 107 km2 Nam Mae Rim watershed (NMRW) in northern Thailand. Simulations using land cover scenarios for 1989 and 2002, extreme deforestation, and forest, each run with and without roads, show that roads have very small effects on the mean water fluxes, but significantly increase peak flows for all land cover scenarios. The magnitude of the road effect on peak flow depends on the land cover context in which the roads are placed. Roads have the smallest effect on peaks within the extreme deforestation scenario, and affect mainly the smallest peaks in the two homogeneous land cover scenarios (forest and extreme deforestation). Roads have the largest effect on peaks within the heterogeneous landscapes of the two historical land cover scenarios (1989 and 2002). This result indicates that, by conveying surface flow quickly to the stream, roads within a fragmented landscape are especially important in converting greater amounts of overland flow into higher peak flows. Without roads, the patchy land cover pattern buffers the impacts of the scattered overland flow source areas and limits increases in peak flows.

The combined effects of land cover and roads are examined in comparison with forest. The 1989 and 2002 land cover patterns result in relatively small changes in the mean annual water balance, but with some significant changes in the seasonal distribution of fluxes. Streamflow is lower in the late wet season and higher in the dry season for the 1989 and 2002 scenarios compared with forest. Conversion from forest to any of the other land cover scenarios results in higher dry season evapotranspiration (ET) and lower wet season ET. The extreme deforestation scenario results in much lower wet season ET and much higher annual streamflow, but little change in dry season streamflow, in comparison with forest. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling changes in rill erodibility and critical shear stress on native surface roads
Authors: Foltz Randy B. , Rhee Hakjun , Elliot William J.
Published: July 2008

This study investigated the effect of cumulative overland flow on rill erodibility and critical shear stress on native surface roads in central Idaho. Rill erodibility decreased exponentially with increasing cumulative overland flow depth; however, critical shear stress did not change. The study demonstrated that road erodibility on the studied road changes over the course of one or more consecutive overland flow events. Therefore, model simulations that fail to take into consideration this change will probably over‐estimate sediment yields. An exponential function describing the relationship between rill erodibility and cumulative overland flow depth is presented as a basis for future model development for simulating erosion on native surface roads. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subsurface drainage and salt leaching in irrigated land in south‐east Turkey
Authors: Bahçeci̇ İdri̇s , Nacar A. Suat
Published: July 2008

With respect to the expansion of waterlogging and salinity increase in irrigated areas of Turkey, this study was conducted to monitor and assess the effects of a subsurface drainage system on salt leaching in the Harran plain. The field experiment was carried out near Akçakale province, in Şanlıurfa, from 2001 to 2004. The subsurface drainage system reduced the salinity by about 80% in the topsoil (20 cm depth), at the end of the experimental period. Winter precipitation had no significant effect on salt leaching. A statistically significant relationship was found between the amount of drainage water and the salt leaching (R2 = 0.970). An exponential relationship was further detected between drainage water (Ddw)/soil depth (Ds) vs. remaining salt/initial salt values (C/C0) (R2 = 0.764). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.