bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSVII-15 The effects of feeding a fortified protein blend as a replacement for animal and fish proteins in nursery pig diets
Authors: Palencia Jorge Y P , Chastain Clayton S , Duttlinger Alan W , Mills Kayla M , Feldpausch Julie A , Jones Dan B , Asmus Matthew D , Richert Brian T
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of total or partial replacement of animal and fish proteins with a fortified protein blend (PROPLEX MVP) on growth performance of nursery piglets. PROPLEX MVP is a blend of two distinct fermentation biomass streams, refined soybean products, select amino acids, and a NSP enzyme complex. A total of 306 barrows and gilts [(Duroc x (Landrace x Yorkshire), avg. 22 d age and BW 6.37 ± 1.24 kg)] were used in a randomized complete block design with three dietary treatments, each with 19 replicates (pens) of 5 piglets. Dietary treatments were: 1) Control diet (CONT) with animal and fish protein sources (Blood meal, Spray-dried Plasma, and Fish meal); 2) PROPLEX MVP (MVP): CONT with MVP replacing Fish meal; 3) PROPLEX MVP 100 (MVP100): CONT with MVP replacing 100% of animal and fish proteins. Pigs were fed a budgeted amount per head of the assigned experimental diets for the first three feeding phases (Phase 1: 2.3 kg/pig; Phase 2: 4.5 kg/pig; Phase 3: 6.8 kg/pig). A common diet was provided in Phase 4 until day 42 post-weaning. Pigs fed CONT had greater ADG (P < 0.05) compared to MVP100 pigs d 0-7 post-weaning. From d 7 to 14, pigs fed MVP and MVP100 had a significantly greater ADG and G:F (P < 0.05) than pigs fed CONT diet. For the remainder of the experimental period (d 14 to 42), no differences (P > 0.10) were observed among treatments. The use of MVP100 reduced (P < 0.05) the total nursery feed cost by US $1.03/pig and feed cost/kg of weight gain by 12%. In conclusion, MVP protein blend can effectively substitute for animal and fish proteins sources without compromising overall nursery pigs’ growth performance and results in significant feed cost savings.
The Association of Mammography Environment and Image Quality
Authors: Sarquis-Kolber Shakira , Schilling Kathy , Hanney William J , Kolber Morey J
Published: July 2020

Objective

This study sought to determine if a mammogram performed in a multi-sensory environmental upgraded room (UR) is associated with improved image quality when compared to a standard room (SR).

Methods

A retrospective analysis (interrupted time series design) of compression force and posterior nipple line (PNL) measurements was performed on 303 women (mean age 60.9 years) who underwent screening mammography for 2 consecutive years (year 1 in SR, year 2 in UR) at a single outpatient facility. Using the Picture Archiving Communication System (PACS), craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) images for the two years were reviewed. The PNL was measured for the CC and MLO images bilaterally using the embedded tools in the PACS software. Posterior nipple line and compression force were analyzed using a paired t-test. Bland–Altman plots were used to obtain 95% limits of agreement (LOA) between the UR and SR.

Results

Image quality as determined by PNL measurement distance was greater in the UR (P < 0.001) when compared with the SR, with similar compression force (P ≥ 0.14). Mean PNL measurement differences ranged from 5.0 to 6.2 mm greater in the UR, whereas mean compression force differences ranged from -2.4 to 1.5 newtons. The 95% LOA suggest that PNL measurement differences between the UR and SR can vary by -11.0 to 27.0 mm.

Conclusion

Environmentally modifying mammography rooms may improve image quality with regard to PNL measurements without increasing compression force.
Synergisms in Science: Climate Change and Integrated Pest Management Through the Lens of Communication—2019 Student Debates
Authors: Holt Jocelyn R , Bernaola Lina , Britt Kadie E , McCullough Chirs , Roth Morgan , Wagner Jennie , Ragozzino Max , Aviles Leslie , Li Zhilin , Huval Forest , Pandey Manoj , Lee Benjamin W , Asche Megan , Hayes Abigail , Cohen Abigail , Marshall Adrian , Quellhorst Hannah E , Wilkins Rachel V , Nguyen Valerie , Maille Jacqueline , Skinner Rachel K , Ternest John J , Anderson Sarah , Gula Scott W , Hauri Kayleigh , Eason Julius , Mulcahy Megan , Lee Scott , Villegas James Michael , Shorter Patricia
Published: July 2020

Every year, the Student Debates Subcommittee (SDS) of the Student Affairs Committee (SAC) for the annual Entomological Society of America (ESA) meeting organizes the Student Debates. This year, the SAC selected topics based on their synergistic effect or ability to ignite exponential positive change when addressed as a whole. For the 2019 Student Debates, the SAC SDS identified these topic areas for teams to debate and unbiased introduction speakers to address: 1) how to better communicate science to engage the public, particularly in the area of integrated pest management (IPM), 2) the influential impacts of climate change on agriculturally and medically relevant insect pests, and 3) sustainable agriculture techniques that promote the use of IPM to promote food security. Three unbiased introduction speakers gave a foundation for our audience to understand each debate topic, while each of six debate teams provided a strong case to support their stance or perspective on a topic. Debate teams submitted for a competitive spot for the annual ESA Student Debates and trained for the better part of a year to showcase their talents in presenting logical arguments for a particular topic. Both the debate teams and unbiased introduction speakers provided their insight toward a better understanding of the complexities of each topic and established a foundation to delve further into the topics of science advocacy and communication, climate change, and the many facets of integrated pest management.
Mental Health Symptoms Are Associated With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury History in Active Special Operations Forces (SOF) Combat and Combat Support Soldiers
Authors: Barczak-Scarboro Nikki E , Cole Wesley R , DeLellis Stephen M , Means Gary E , Kane Shawn F , Lynch James H , Mihalik Jason P
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Special Operations Forces (SOF) combat arms and combat support Soldiers are at risk for impaired mental health, such as mood- and stress-related disorders, due to operational and training demands. Additionally, these individuals experience high risk for sustaining mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). These mTBIs have also been linked to negative psychological outcomes, such as anxiety and depressive symptoms. Studying mental illnesses and their related symptoms alone does not fully address mental health, which may be better understood by 2 separate but overlapping continua measuring both mental illness and subjective well-being (ie, emotional, psychological, and social well-being). Due to the lack of research in this area, current mental health symptoms in active SOF combat Soldiers in relation to mTBI warrants investigation.

Materials and Methods

In this study, 113 SOF combat and combat support Soldiers completed self-report psychological and mTBI history measures during an in-person laboratory setting. These psychometric measures included (1) psychological distress (Brief Symptom Inventory 18), (2) anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item), (3) posttraumatic stress (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5), (4) somatization (Patient Health Questionnaire-15), and (5) subjective well-being (Mental Health Continuum Short Form).

Results

On average, SOF combat Soldiers endorsed moderate well-being and low psychological distress, somatization, posttraumatic stress, and anxiety. Most SOF combat Soldiers had sustained 1 or more mTBI. We observed mTBI history had significant effects on each dependent variable in the expected directions. History of more mTBIs, controlling for age, was associated with lower subjective well-being as well as higher psychological distress, somatization, posttraumatic stress, and anxiety symptoms.

Conclusion

Although SOF combat Soldiers reported relatively adaptive mental health symptoms across participants, there was considerable variance in the measures reported. Some of the variance in mental health symptoms was accounted for by mTBI history while controlling for age, with reporting higher numbers of lifetime mTBIs and older age being associated with worse mental health symptoms. Longitudinal investigations into these associations and their impact on Soldier performance is warranted.
UniProt-Related Documents (UniReD): assisting wet lab biologists in their quest on finding novel counterparts in a protein network
Authors: Theodosiou Theodosios , Papanikolaou Nikolaos , Savvaki Maria , Bonetto Giulia , Maxouri Stella , Fakoureli Eirini , Eliopoulos Aristides G , Tavernarakis Nektarios , Amoutzias Grigoris D , Pavlopoulos Georgios A , Aivaliotis Michalis , Nikoletopoulou Vasiliki , Tzamarias Dimitris , Karagogeos Domna , Iliopoulos Ioannis
Published: July 2020

The in-depth study of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) is of key importance for understanding how cells operate. Therefore, in the past few years, many experimental as well as computational approaches have been developed for the identification and discovery of such interactions. Here, we present UniReD, a user-friendly, computational prediction tool which analyses biomedical literature in order to extract known protein associations and suggest undocumented ones. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate its usefulness by experimentally validating six predicted interactions and by benchmarking it against public databases of experimentally validated PPIs succeeding a high coverage. We believe that UniReD can become an important and intuitive resource for experimental biologists in their quest for finding novel associations within a protein network and a useful tool to complement experimental approaches (e.g. mass spectrometry) by producing sorted lists of candidate proteins for further experimental validation. UniReD is available at http://bioinformatics.med.uoc.gr/unired/
THER-16. INTERACTION OF IMMUNE SYSTEM WITH ONCOLYTIC MEASLES VIRUS THERAPY IN AN MV-SENSITIVE IMMUNOCOMPETENT MURINE MODEL OF MEDULLOBLASTOMA
Authors: Lal Sangeet , Mueller Sabine , Gupta Nalin , Raffel Corey
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION: Oncolytic viruses selectively replicate in tumor cells, and may attract immune cells into the microenvironment to stimulate a systemic antitumor response. We have shown efficacy of oncolytic measles virus (MV) against medulloblastoma (MB) in preclinical models. To study the effect of immune system on MV therapy, we have developed the first immunocompetent MV-sensitive murine model of Group 3 MB (CSCG model) and showed that intratumoral MV treatment of tumor-bearing mice significantly prolonged survival. Herein, we study the interaction of MV therapy and tumor immune microenvironment in this model. METHODS: Naive and MV-preimmunized mice were injected with 200,000 CSCG tumor cells in caudate putamen and tumor-bearing mice were treated identically with intratumoral MV injections (n=5 per group). Tumor growth was monitored by bioluminescence imaging and RT-PCR was performed to assess infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in MV-treated and untreated control tumors. RESULTS: RT-PCR of untreated tumors shows an average of 43.4 ±1.45-fold and 13.24 ±1.34-fold increase in infiltrating CD8+T cells and CD4+T cells, respectively, compared to normal brain (n=3). Tumors that responded to MV therapy, but recurred had a dramatic decrease in infiltrating CD8+T cells (2.66 ±0.8-fold higher than normal brain). No significant difference in survival was observed between MV-naive and MV-immunized mice (p= 0.773), indicating that anti-measles immunity does not affect MV efficacy, an important point given that almost all patients have been vaccinated with MV. Long-term survivors, both naïve and MV-immune, remained tumor-free for at least 150 days post treatment. These mice (n=3) were re-challenged with a 3-fold higher number of tumor cells than the original injection, but tumor failed to grow for at least 50 days post-injection. CONCLUSION: This finding strongly suggests MV treatment induces anti-tumor immunity. Ongoing studies are being performed to dissect this immune response and to explore the possibility of enhancing it.
Risks Associated with Growing Non-native Larches in Eastern North America
Authors: Robbins Kathryn
Published: July 2020

Risks associated with growing non-native larches include growth loss and mortality related to their frost susceptibility, shade intolerance, stress on poor sites, diseases, insects, and animal damage. Proper selection of planting sites and seed sources, using disease-free dormant planting stock, and monitoring plantations for injury help reduce these risks.

North. J. Appl. For. 2:101-104, Dec. 1985.
Serology and Behavioral Perspectives on Ebola Virus Disease Among Bushmeat Vendors in Equateur, Democratic Republic of the Congo, After the 2018 Outbreak
Authors: Lucas Ashley , Kumakamba Charles , Lange Christian E , Obel Erby , Miningue Guy , Likofata Jacques , Gillis Amethyst , LeBreton Matthew , McIver David J , Euren Jason , Kreuder Johnson Christine , Goldstein Tracey , Muyembe-Tamfum Jean J , Saylors Karen
Published: July 2020

After the 2018 Ebola outbreak in Equateur Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo, we conducted behavioral interviews and collected samples from bushmeat vendors and primates in Mbandaka to test for evidence of Ebola virus exposure. Although participants indicated being aware of Ebola, they did not consider themselves at occupational risk for infection. We found antibodies against Zaire ebolavirus in one participant despite no reported history of disease or contact with infected individuals. Our data underline concerns of possible subclinical or undiagnosed Ebola virus infections and the importance and challenges of risk communication to populations who are occupationally exposed to bushmeat.

Following the 2018 Ebola outbreak in Equateur Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo, bushmeat vendors interviewed in Mbandaka indicated being aware of Ebola, but did not consider themselves at occupational risk. Antibodies against Zaire ebolavirus were detected in one participant.
Barriers to Adherence to Antimicrobial Stewardship Postprescription Review and Feedback For Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Agents: A Nested Case-Control Study
Authors: Takamatsu Akane , Yao Kenta , Murakami Shutaro , Tagashira Yasuaki , Hasegawa Shinya , Honda Hitoshi
Published: July 2020

Background

Postprescription review and feedback (PPRF) is one of the most common strategies in antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) intervention. However, disagreements between the prescribers and ASP personnel can occur. The aim of the present study was to identify the factors associated with nonadherence to PPRF intervention.

Methods

The present retrospective nested case-control study was performed at a tertiary care center, which has been conducting a once-weekly PPRF for carbapenems and piperacillin/tazobactam since 2014. Nonadherence to ASP recommendations was defined as the failure of the primary care team to modify or stop antimicrobial therapy 72 hours after the issuance of PPRF recommendations. Factors associated with nonadherence to PPRF intervention were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

In total, 2466 instances of PPRF in 1714 cases between April 2014 and September 2019 were found. The nonadherence rate was 5.9%, and 44 cases were found in which carbapenems or piperacillin/tazobactam continued to be used against PPRF recommendations. Factors associated with nonadherence to PPRF recommendations were a previous history of hospitalization within 90 days (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18–5.81) and a rapidly fatal McCabe score at the time of PPRF intervention (aOR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.18–6.98). A review of the narrative comments in the electronic medical records indicated that common reasons for nonadherence were “the patient was sick” (n = 12; 27.3%) and “the antimicrobial seemed to be clinically effective” (n = 9; 20.5%).

Conclusions

Nonadherence to PPRF recommendations was relatively uncommon at the study institution. However, patients with a severe disease condition frequently continued to receive broad-spectrum antimicrobials against PPRF recommendations. Understanding physicians’ cognitive process in nonadherence to ASP recommendations and ASP interventions targeting medical subspecialties caring for severely ill patients is needed to improve ASP.
Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Drive-Through Screening at an Academic Military Medical Center
Authors: Lindholm David A , Kiley John L , Jansen Nathan K , Hoard Robert T , Bondaryk Matthew R , Stanley Elizabeth M , Alvarado Gadiel R , Markelz Ana E , Cybulski Robert J , Okulicz Jason F
Published: July 2020

Drive-through coronavirus disease 2019 screening can evaluate large numbers of patients while reducing healthcare exposures and personal protective equipment use. We describe the characteristics of screened individuals as well as drive-through process and outcome measures. Optimal drive-through screening involves rapid turnaround of test results and linkage to follow-up care.
Transmission Dynamics of HIV Subtype A in Tel Aviv, Israel: Implications for HIV Spread and Eradication
Authors: Grossman Zehava , Avidor Boaz , Girshengoren Shirley , Katchman Eugene , Maldarelli Frank , Turner Dan
Published: July 2020

Objective

Subtype-A HIV was introduced into Israel in the mid-1990s, predominantly by immigrants from the former Soviet Union (FSU) infected via intravenous drug use (IVDU). HIV subsequently spread beyond the FSU-IVDU community. In 2012, a mini-HIV outbreak, associated with injection of amphetamine cathinone derivatives, started in Tel Aviv, prompting public health response. To assess current trends and the impact of the outbreak and control measures, we conducted a phyloepidemiologic analysis.

Method

Demographic and clinical records and HIV sequences were compiled from 312 subtype-A HIV-infected individuals attending the Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center between 2005–2016, where >40% of all subtype-A HIV-infected individuals in Israel are undergoing care. Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) and ayesian evolutionary analysis sampling trees (BEAST) programs were implemented in a phylogenetic analysis of pol sequences. Reconstructed phylogenies were assessed in the context of demographic information and drug-resistance profiles. Clusters were identified as sequence populations with posterior probability ≥0.95 of having a recent common ancestor.

Results

After 2010, the subtype-A epidemic acquired substantial phylogenetic structure, having been unrecognized in studies covering the earlier period. Nearly 50% of all sequences were present in 11 distinct clusters consisting of 4–43 individuals. Cluster composition reflected transmission across ethnic groups, with men who have sex with men (MSM) playing an increasing role. The cathinone-associated cluster was larger than previously documented, containing variants that continued to spread within and beyond the IVDU community.

Conclusions

Phyloepidemiologic analysis revealed diverse clusters of HIV infection with MSM having a central role in transmission across ethic groups. A mini outbreak was reduced by public health measures, but molecular evidence of ongoing transmission suggests additional measures are necessary.
774. A New Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) Management Program Reduces Excess Antimicrobial Days of Therapy and Expedites Timely Central Line Removal
Authors: Kidd Catherine , Eby Joshua C , Thomas Tania , Shah Megan , Elliott Zachary , Cox Heather L
Published: July 2020

Background

Patients discharged on parenteral antimicrobials often require in-person follow-up to determine antimicrobial discontinuation and coordination of central line (CL) removal at the end of therapy. Without close attention to timing of follow-up, antimicrobial courses may be extended beyond a planned end date until scheduled follow-up, leading to excess antimicrobial days of therapy (DOT) and CL retention. Excess DOT can result in increased cost of medication and CL supplies, antimicrobial exposure, and risk of CL-associated bloodstream infections or thrombosis. We sought to assess the impact of the University of Virginia (UVA) OPAT program on excess antimicrobial DOT and excess CL days.

Methods

This was a retrospective chart review of patients enrolled in the OPAT program at UVA between August 2018 and April 2019. The UVA OPAT program was started in August 2018. Quality improvement (QI) practice changes were implemented in February 2019 for improving follow-up and stopping antimicrobials at the projected end date. Patients were therefore divided into 2 cohorts – August through January 2018 and February through April 2019. Data collected included projected end date of therapy (EOT), actual EOT, actual removal date of CL, and follow-up date. Excess antimicrobial DOT and excess CL days were calculated by the difference in projected vs. actual dates. For continuous data, Student t-test was used.

Results

248 patients enrolled in OPAT from August 2018 through April 2019. After implementation of QI efforts, mean time from projected EOT to follow-up appointment decreased from 10.0 days to 4.3 days for those with appointments after projected EOT. Mean excess antimicrobial DOT decreased from 2.8 ± 4.53 SD days to 1.6 ± 2.75 SD days (P = 0.026), and mean excess CL days decreased from 3.2 ± 4.63 SD days to 2.0 ± 2.89 SD days (P = 0.035).

Conclusion

The involvement of an OPAT program with close attention to outpatient follow-up and cessation of antimicrobials decreased the excess antimicrobial DOT and CL days and reduced variability in care. Reduction in antimicrobial overuse and CL overuse is expected to reduce cost and decrease the risk of medication- and CL-related collateral damage.

Disclosures

All authors: No reported disclosures.
1123. Specificity of Diagnosis Codes and Adequacy of Supportive Documentation for Common Acute Pediatric Infections: Implications for Ambulatory Stewardship
Authors: Willis Zachary , Walters Elizabeth
Published: July 2020

Background

Assessing the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing in ambulatory care generally relies on the accuracy of diagnosis codes, which is uncertain. It is also uncertain if documented history and physical findings support antibiotic indications (AI). We completed a retrospective study of pediatric primary care (PPC) encounters to determine: A) if documented findings supported documented AI; and B) whether diagnosis codes captured documented AI (figure).

Methods

We conducted point-prevalence audits of the 9 PPC clinics in our healthcare system, randomly selecting one weekday per month to review all visits between 9/2017 and 4/2018. We included only encounters with antibiotic prescribing. We reviewed clinician notes, orders, laboratory results, and ICD-10 diagnosis codes. We recorded demographics; visit date/location; AI as documented in notes; history, examination, and laboratory findings; and diagnosis codes. We used national guidelines to determine whether documentation supported AI. We calculated the sensitivity of diagnosis codes using documented AI as the gold standard.

Results

The sample included 452 encounters. The most common AI were acute otitis media (AOM), pharyngitis, and sinusitis. For AOM, 163 of 168 encounters (97.0%) had an appropriate diagnosis code; for pharyngitis, 127 of 138 (92.0%); and for sinusitis, 68 of 75 (90.7%). For AOM, 160 of 168 encounters (95.2%) had adequate documentation of supportive findings. For sinusitis, 44 of 75 encounters had adequate supporting history and/or examination findings (58.7%). For pharyngitis, while 135 of 139 (97.1%) had a positive streptococcal test, 104 of 139 (74.8%) had history and examination findings to support testing.

Conclusion

By chart review, we identified each AI and evaluated whether findings supported those AI. The sensitivity of diagnosis codes for AI ranged from 90.7–97.0% for common conditions; this result can inform the design of ambulatory stewardship programs. Only 74.8% of children treated for pharyngitis and 58.7% of children treated for sinusitis had sufficient supporting documentation. Use of discrete data elements alone (Figure 1) may result in overestimates of the proportion of children for whom antibiotics are appropriate. Further research is needed across healthcare settings.

Disclosures

All authors: No reported disclosures
Operative Adjuncts and Technique for En Bloc Removal of Lumbar Intradural-Extramedullary Tumor: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Clifton William , Quinones-Hinojosa Alfredo , Chen Selby
Published: July 2020

We present a surgical video illustrating the technique for en bloc resection of an intradural-extramedullary lumbar tumor. The patient is a 63-yr-old woman presenting with worsening bilateral leg pain. Imaging of her lumbar spine showed an enhancing, circumscribed intradural-extramedullary tumor compressing her cauda equina at the L2 level. With informed patient consent, an L1-L3 laminectomy was performed, and intraoperative ultrasound provided the tumor location in order to plan the dural opening as well as define the tumor boundaries with respect to the surrounding nerve roots. The nerve roots were found to be dorsal to the tumor on the ultrasound and appeared to be separate from the tumor capsule. After the dura was opened, the nerve roots were dissected from the tumor capsule and the filum was identified at its proximal and distal portions relative to the mass. The tumor appeared to be arising from the filum itself. Intraoperative electromyography monitoring and stimulation identified the motor roots around the filum and were dissected away. The filum was isolated and cut proximally in order to prevent upward displacement of the mass above the dural opening. The distal portion was then cut and the tumor was removed en bloc. The patient had good postoperative relief of her leg pain and no new neurologic or genitourinary complications. This case highlights the preoperative and intraoperative surgical planning as well as detailed technical aspects of en bloc intradural-extramedullary lumbar tumor resection with preservation of the tumor capsule in order to achieve gross total resection.
Temporal and spatial variation of synchrotron X-ray stripes in Tycho’s supernova remnant
Authors: Matsuda Masamune , Tanaka Takaaki , Uchida Hiroyuki , Amano Yuki , Tsuru Takeshi Go
Published: July 2020

The synchrotron X-ray “stripes” discovered in Tycho’s supernova remnant (SNR) have been attracting attention as they may be evidence for proton acceleration up to PeV. We analyzed Chandra data taken in 2003, 2007, 2009, and 2015 for imaging and spectroscopy of the stripes in the southwestern region of the SNR. Comparing images obtained at different epochs, we find that time variability of synchrotron X-rays is not limited to two structures previously reported but is more common in the region. Spectral analysis of nine bright stripes reveals not only their time variabilities but also a strong anti-correlation between the surface brightness and photon indices. The spectra of the nine stripes have photon indices of Γ = 2.1–2.6 and are significantly harder than those of the outer rim of the SNR in the same region with Γ = 2.7–2.9. Based on these findings, we indicate that the magnetic field is substantially amplified, and suggest that particle acceleration through a stochastic process may be at work in the stripes.
Break Risk
Authors: Smith Simon C , Timmermann Allan
Published: July 2020

We develop a new approach to modeling and predicting stock returns in the presence of breaks that simultaneously affect a large cross-section of stocks. Exploiting information in the cross-section enables us to detect breaks in return prediction models with little delay and to generate out-of-sample return forecasts that are significantly more accurate than those from existing approaches. To identify the economic sources of breaks, we explore the asset pricing restrictions implied by a present value model which links breaks in return predictability to breaks in the cash flow growth and discount rate processes.
Testing the feasibility of a system-based approach to deliver a smoking cessation and food nudging intervention at food pantry sites
Authors: Patterson Freda , Robson Shannon , McGarry Charlotte , Taylor Denise , Halvorsen Samantha , Rex Samantha , Landgraf Rita
Published: July 2020

Food-insecure adults disproportionately experience high cardiovascular risk. Guided by the Feeding America recommendations, we tested the feasibly of a system-based approach to address the cardiovascular risk behaviors of current smoking and dietary choice at food distribution sites. Food pantries affiliated with the Food Bank of Delaware organization (N = 14) were invited to take part. Pantries who agreed solicited personnel within the pantry (i.e., staff, active volunteers) to become trained as quit-smoking coaches and/or food environment “nudging” interventionists. After training, trained personnel implemented the evidence-based treatments. Across a 6-month observation period, quit coaches reported each month on the number of (a) enrolled food pantry clients, (b) total quit-smoking sessions scheduled and attended, and (c) the smoking status of clients who attended the final, third session. Trained evaluators visited participating pantries once per month across the observation period to assess adherence to nudging guidelines. One in five (21%; 3/14) invited pantries participated in the study, and five personnel were trained to deliver intervention components. Across the observation period, quit coaches reported that 86 new smoking cessation clients were enrolled, 228 quit coaching sessions were scheduled, and 187 attended (82% attendance rate). Smoking cessation rates were estimated at 19%–36%. A 100% adherence to the food nudging approach was observed. These data demonstrate the feasibility of a system-based approach to build the capacity of food distribution sites and personnel to deliver smoking cessation quit-coaching and food nudging interventions on-site.
Multi-omics analysis of cellular pathways involved in different rapid growth stages of moso bamboo
Authors: Tao Gui-Yun , Ramakrishnan Muthusamy , Vinod Kunnummal Kurungara , Yrjälä Kim , Satheesh Viswanathan , Cho Jungnam , Fu Ying , Zhou Mingbing
Published: July 2020

Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carriere) J. Houzeau) is a rapidly growing grass of industrial and ecological importance. However, the molecular mechanisms of its remarkable growth are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the early-stage growth of moso bamboo shoots and defined three different growth stages based on histological and biochemical analyses, namely, starting of cell division (SD), rapid division (RD) and rapid elongation (RE). Further analyses on potentially relevant cellular pathways in these growth stages using multi-omics approaches such as transcriptomics and proteomics revealed the involvement of multiple cellular pathways, including DNA replication, repair and ribosome biogenesis. A total of 8045 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1053 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in our analyses. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses of detected DEGs identified several key biological pathways such as phytohormone metabolism, signal transduction, cell wall development and carbohydrate metabolism. The comparative analysis of proteins displayed that a total of 213 DEPs corresponded with DEGs and 3 significant expression profiles that could be promoting the fast growth of bamboo internodes. Moreover, protein–protein interaction network prediction analysis is suggestive of the involvement of five major proteins of signal transduction, DNA synthesis and RNA transcription, and may act as key elements responsible for the rapid shoot growth. Our work exploits multi-omics and bioinformatic approaches to unfurl the complexity of molecular networks involved in the rapid growth of moso bamboo and opens up questions related to the interactions between the functions played by individual molecular pathway.
A spatial joint analysis of metal constituents of ambient particulate matter and mortality in England
Authors: Lavigne Aurore , Freni-Sterrantino Anna , Fecht Daniela , Liverani Silvia , Blangiardo Marta , de Hoogh Kees , Molitor John , Hansell Anna L.
Published: July 2020

Few studies have investigated associations between metal components of particulate matter on mortality due to well-known issues of multicollinearity. Here, we analyze these exposures jointly to evaluate their associations with mortality on small area data. We fit a Bayesian profile regression (BPR) to account for the multicollinearity in the elemental components (iron, copper, and zinc) of PM10 and PM2.5. The models are developed in relation to mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory disease and lung cancer incidence in 2008–2011 at a small area level, for a population of 13.6 million in the London-Oxford area of England. From the BPR, we identified higher risks in the PM10 fraction cluster likely to represent the study area, excluding London, for cardiovascular mortality relative risk (RR) 1.07 (95% credible interval [CI] 1.02, 1.12) and for respiratory mortality RR 1.06 (95%CI 0.99, 1.31), compared with the study mean. For PM2.5 fraction, higher risks were seen for cardiovascular mortality RR 1.55 (CI 95% 1.38, 1.71) and respiratory mortality RR 1.51 (CI 95% 1.33, 1.72), likely to represent the “highways” cluster. We did not find relevant associations for lung cancer incidence. Our analysis showed small but not fully consistent adverse associations between health outcomes and particulate metal exposures. The BPR approach identified subpopulations with unique exposure profiles and provided information about the geographical location of these to help interpret findings.
Assessment of anesthetic gases in a central hospital
Authors: Norton Pedro , Pinho Paulo , Xará Daniela , Pina Fátima , Norton Maria
Published: July 2020

Introduction:

Adverse health effects related with chronic exposure to waste anesthetic gases remain controversial. Strict threshold values are recommended to minimize possible health risks. The objective of our study was to measure the concentration of waste anesthetic gases in different hospital settings in an 11-year period.

Materials and methods:

Six-monthly assessment of nitrous oxide, sevoflurane, and desflurane was made between 2005 and 2016 in different hospital departments. Trace gas analysis was performed by infrared spectroscopy.

Results:

An anesthetic gas concentration above the upper limit of the threshold value was found in computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MRI) (45.5%), ambulatory operating room (34.5%), and in the burn unit (31.6%). Desflurane assessment was more frequently above the upper limit of threshold value (12.37%).

Discussion:

In the CT/MRI department, the small number of air cycling per hour and the frequent use of a face mask with the associated risk of leakage may explain the results. In burn unit patients inhalatory route is also frequent. Desflurane is widely used for its rapid elimination and rapid recovery, which is compatible with the results. Being odorless, it may be connected to undetected escape.

Conclusion:

The places with more anesthetic agents exposure were the CT/MRI, the ambulatory operating room, and the burn unit. Desflurane was the anesthetic agent more frequently above the upper limit of threshold value. To complement environmental surveillance, it is essential to establish a health surveillance system for professionals exposed to anesthetic agents.
Promoting and Protecting the Gastrointestinal Newborn Microbiome Through Breastfeeding Practices
Authors: Johnson Jessica M. , Adams Ellise D. , O'Neal Pamela V.
Published: July 2020

Since newborns are a vulnerable population that cannot protect their own microbiome, healthcare professionals can promote, advocate, and assist with breastfeeding promotion to protect the healthy development of the newborn gastrointestinal microbiome. The newborn gastrointestinal microbiome is a dynamic community of bacteria that influence health. Breastfeeding seeds and feeds the newborn gastrointestinal microbiome. A disruption in the balance of the gastrointestinal microbiome can result in adverse health outcomes. This clinical article makes an evidence-based connection between breastfeeding and the establishment of the newborn gastrointestinal microbiome through breastfeeding promotion strategies during the childbearing year. Suggestions for healthcare profession education and future research that will continue to inform the understanding of healthy development of the microbiome will be provided. By assisting with breastfeeding promotion, healthcare professionals can protect the newborn gastrointestinal microbiome and promote overall newborn, infant, and child health.
Determinants of the Very Low-Birth-Weight Infant's Intestinal Microbiome
Authors: Desorcy-Scherer Katelyn , Bendixen Marion M. , Parker Leslie A.
Published: July 2020

The intestinal microbiome is the genetic material from microorganisms residing in the intestinal tract. Very low-birth-weight infants (VLBW; birth weight ≤1500 g) are a physiologically compromised population undergoing a unique period of initial intestinal microbiome establishment. Evidence supports a connection between the intestinal microbiome and gastrointestinal illness that disproportionately affects VLBW infants. Necrotizing enterocolitis, an inflammatory and often necrotic condition of the intestine, and late-onset sepsis, a bloodstream infection occurring after 3 days of life, are thought to be associated with delayed or abnormal intestinal microbiome development. Here, we review the determinants, or factors, that influence the VLBW infant's intestinal microbiome and discuss clinical implications. PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and CINAHL were systematically searched for publications addressing factors with the potential to affect the intestinal microbiome of VLBW infants. Results indicate that infant's age and weight, mode of delivery, antibiotic exposure, medication use, feeding regime, environment, and perinatal-/infant-associated factors may be important determinants of the microbiome in this vulnerable population. Clinicians have opportunities to support positive development of the VLBW infant's intestinal microbiome through antibiotic stewardship, support of human milk feeding, and hygienic care practices.
Effectiveness and safety of Guilu Erxian Glue (a traditional Chinese medicinal product) for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Si Yuhao , Yao Yao , Ma Yong , Guo Yang , Yin Heng
Published: July 2020

Background:

The prevalence of postmenopausal osteoporosis is rapidly rising, with a high proportion of patients who are vulnerable to fractures and other chronic symptoms. The commonly applied Western medicine lacks cost-efficiency and tends to have various potential side effects. Guilu Erxian Glue (GEG), an orally taken traditional Chinese medicinal product, has been advocated to manage osteoporosis for a long period. However, the evidence of the efficacy of GEG on osteoporosis seems to be less convincing and conclusive. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of GEG on postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Methods:

We will implement a systematic review and meta-analysis following the requests of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses protocols (PRISMA-P). The PubMed database, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP database, Sinomed, and grey literature sources will be retrieved for eligible studies. Randomized controlled trials investigating GEG in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis employing osteoporosis-associated outcomes measures will be eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers will independently complete the study selection procedure, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. A third reviewer will mediate when irreconcilable discrepancies occur. Should sufficient clinical homogeneity exist, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Additionally, we will utilize the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation to assess the strength of quantitative outcomes.

Results:

The current systematic review and meta-analysis will provide the effectiveness and safety of GEG on postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Conclusion:

The study will offer high-quality and explicit evidence for applying GEG on the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

OSF Registration:

DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/JCVBH.
Efficacy of integrative Traditional Chinese and Western medicine for the treatment of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)
Authors: Liu Dan , You Yanyan , Chen Yunhui , Tang Songqi
Published: July 2020

Background:

No specific anti-virus drugs or vaccines have been available for the treatment of COVID-19. Integrative traditional Chinese and western medicine has been proposed as a therapeutic option with substantial applications in China. This protocol is proposed for a systematic review and meta-analysis that aims to evaluate the efficacy of integrative traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment on patients with COVID-19.

Methods:

Ten databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CIHAHL, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP), Wanfang database, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) and Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed) will be searched. All published randomized controlled trials, clinical controlled trials, case-control, and case series that meet the pre-specified eligibility criteria will be included. Primary outcome measures include mortality, clinical recovery rate, duration of fever, progression rate from mild or moderate to severe, improvement of symptoms, biomarkers of laboratory examination and changes in computed tomography. Secondary outcomes include dosage of hormonotherapy, incidence and severity of adverse events and quality of life. Study selection, data extraction and assessment of bias risk will be conducted by 2 reviewers independently. RevMan software (V.5.3.5) will be used to perform data synthesis. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis will be performed when necessary. The strength of evidence will be assessed by the GRADE system.

Results:

This study will provide a well-reported and high-quality synthesis on the efficacy of integrative traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment on patients with COVID-19.

Conclusion:

This systematic review protocol will be helpful for providing evidence of whether integrative traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment is an effective therapeutic approach for patients with COVID-19.

Ethics and dissemination:

Ethical approval is unnecessary as no individual patient or privacy data is collected. The results of this study will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and/or conference presentation.

Systematic review registration:

PROSPERO CRD42020167205.
Fetal aneuploidy screening by non-invasive prenatal testing of maternal plasma DNA sequencing with “false negative” result due to confined placental mosaicism
Authors: Li Xiaozhou , Ju Duan , Shi Yunfang , Li Yan , Dong Haiwei , Huang Jianhua , Zhang Ying
Published: July 2020

Rationale:

Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is an accurate screening method with high specificity and sensitivity and a low false-positive rate of trisomy 21, 18, and 13. However, false-negative NIPT results could also limit the clinical application of NIPT.

Patient concerns:

A 34-year-old primigravida woman who underwent NIPT at 16 + 3 weeks’ gestation was identified as being at high risk for fetal trisomy X (47, XXX). Fetal cardiac defect and hand posture were observed during prenatal ultrasound examination at the 23rd week of gestation.

Diagnoses:

Amniocentesis conducted at the 24th week of gestation. Fetal karyotyping and FISH identified karyotype 48, XXX, + 18, which indicated that the NIPT failed to detect trisomy 18 in this case.

Interventions:

The couple decided to terminate pregnancy at the 26th week of gestation and was willing to undergo further examinations.

Outcomes:

Discordant results between fetus with trisomy 18 and placenta with mosaic T18 were further identified with massive parallel sequencing, which might be due to that the fetal cell-free DNA in maternal plasma for NIPT that was assessed principally originated from the trophoblast cells.

Lessons:

The presence of trisomy 18 mosaicism in the placenta might be the reason for the false-negative NIPT result in this case of double aneuploidy with 48, XXX, + 18, karyotype. Although the NIPT is a valuable screening method that has evident advantages in prenatal aneuploidy screening for certain chromosomal abnormalities compared to other methods, it is not a “diagnostic test” yet.
Renal denervation as a synergistic tool for the treatment of polymorphic ventricular ectopic beats
Authors: Kiuchi Márcio Galindo , Chen Shaojie , Villacorta Humberto , Carnagarin Revathy , Nolde Janis M. , Matthews Vance B. , Schlaich Markus P.
Published: July 2020

Introduction:

Ventricular ectopic beats (VEBs) are very common and often occur in hypertensive or obese individuals, as well as in patients presenting with either sleep apnea or structural cardiac disease. Sympathetic overactivity plays a crucial role in the development, continuation, and exacerbation of ventricular arrhythmias. Recent studies have reported the relevance of sympathetic activation in patients with ventricular arrhythmias and suggested a potential role for catheter-based renal denervation (RDN) in reducing the arrhythmic burden.

Patient concerns:

We describe a 38-year-old female symptomatic patient that at the time of presentation was complaining of fatigue in response to minor and medium efforts and not tolerating any physical activity, and episodes of tachycardia associated with dyspnoea, pre-syncope, and syncope.

Diagnosis:

She had a high incidence of polymorphic VEBs on 24-hour-Holter monitoring who also presented with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy for which she was treated with bisoprolol 10 mg/d. The 24-hour-Holter on bisoprolol at baseline showed sinus rhythm with an average heart rate of 92 bpm. There were 44,743 isolated VEBs. A total of 2538 nonsustained ventricular tachycardia events were registered. Her cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed an increase in LV diastolic diameter and impairment of the right ventricle.

Interventions:

The patient underwent endocardial ablation of the right ventricular outflow tract and the LV free lateral wall, and concomitantly underwent bilateral RDN.

Outcomes:

Three months post-procedure, her 24-hour-Holter off medication demonstrated an average heart rate 72 bpm and a substantially reduced number of 2823 isolated monomorphic VEBs. Thus far, 18-months follow-up, she has been asymptomatic and doing physical exercises.

Conclusion:

In our current patient, we used RDN as a synergistic method to attenuate the sympathetic overactivity, which is narrowly linked to VEBs appearance. Our case report highlighted that RDN may become a potential adjuvant treatment for VEBs in the future.