bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultralow Dark Current and High‐Detectivity Infrared Phototransistors Enabled by Small‐Diameter Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Xia Xiaolu , Bai Lan , Wang Ying , Zhou Shaoyuan , Zhang Xinyue , Zhang Dijie , Deng Chengjie , Zhang Jianbing , Cao Yu , Liang Xuelei , Zhu Maguang , Zhang Zhiyong
Published: September 2024

Due to their internal gain mechanism, emerging nanomaterial‐based infrared phototransistors show significant promise for highly sensitive detection; however, they usually suffer from high dark current (Idark) and thus high noise, which restricts the actual detection capability of the detector. Here, a semiconducting carbon nanotube (CNT) film‐based phototransistor is proposed with an ultralow Idark and a high response through the adoption of stacked ZnO/PbS colloidal quantum dot heterojunctions as the photogate to absorb the infrared photons and generate a photovoltage. Solution‐derived semiconducting CNTs with diameters ranging from 0.8 to 1.1 nm are utilized to create a network film that serves as the active channel of the transistor and provides an off‐state current as low as ≈50 fA; this enables an ultralow dark current (pA level) in the infrared phototransistor. By tuning the back‐gate bias, the synergistic modulation is demonstrated of the sensor response and electronic noise and achieve a high detectivity of 5.7 × 1013 Jones under an incident power density of 0.81 nW cm−2 and 1300 nm infrared radiation. These findings provide a promising approach for attaining weak light infrared detection based on nanomaterial‐based photodetectors.
Mannosylated Fluoropolypeptide Nanovaccines Remodeling Tumor Immunosuppressive Microenvironment to Achieve Highly Potent Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: He Meng , Xu Wei , Dan Yuxin , Pan Yue , Li Yingying , Chen Mingsheng , Dong Chang‐Ming
Published: September 2024

It is challenging for nanovaccines (NVs) to effectively deliver antigens/neoantigens to prime specifically potent immunities and remodel immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) for combating immune “cold” cancers. Herein, a novel kind of mannosylated fluoropolypeptide NVs of MFPCOFG (i.e., mannosylated fluoropoly(D,L‐cysteine) ovalbumin‐loaded Fe2+‐gallic acid) is designed that synergistically integrates triple antigen‐metal‐thermoimmunity to remodel immunosuppressive TME and achieve highly potent immunities. MFPCOFG plus near‐infrared irradiation (NIR) effectively facilitated antigen uptake and escape, induced the maturation and antigen cross‐presentations of dendritic cells and macrophages, polarized anti‐inflammatory macrophage phenotype M2 into tumoricial M1, primed potent CD4+/CD8+T cells responses, proinflammatory cytokines secretion and immune memory effects, showcasing triple antigen‐metal‐thermoimmunity outperforming combo/mono‐immunity. Importantly, both MFPCOFG + NIR and personalized NVs can remarkably enhance the tumor infiltration of CD4+/CD8+T and NK cells to boost potent immunities and long‐lasting memory effects, reduce regulatory T (Tregs) and M2 to remodel immunosuppressive TME in B16‐OVA and 4T1 models, achieving superior tumor prevention, ablation, and tumor relapse and metastasis inhibition, as further orchestrated with anti‐PD‐1. Consequently, this work opens up a new avenue to design biocompatible polypeptide nanovaccines with potent immune‐priming and TME‐remodeling capabilities, holding great potentials to combat immune “cold” cancers with clinic‐used anti‐PD‐1 for cancer immunotherapy and personalized immunotherapy.
Fibrosis‐Encapsulated Tumoroid, A Solid Cancer Assembloid Model for Cancer Research and Drug Screening
Authors: Jang Yeonsue , Kang Suki , Han Hyunho , Kang Chang Moo , Cho Nam Hoon , Kim Baek Gil
Published: September 2024

Peritumoral fibrosis is known to promote cancer progression and confer treatment resistance in various solid tumors. Consequently, developing accurate cancer research and drug screening models that replicate the structure and function of a fibrosis‐surrounded tumor mass is imperative. Previous studies have shown that self‐assembly three‐dimensional (3D) co‐cultures primarily produce cancer‐encapsulated fibrosis or maintain a fibrosis‐encapsulated tumor mass for a short period, which is inadequate to replicate the function of fibrosis, particularly as a physical barrier. To address this limitation, a multi‐layer spheroid formation method is developed to create a fibrosis‐encapsulated tumoroid (FET) structure that maintains structural stability for up to 14 days. FETs exhibited faster tumor growth, higher expression of immunosuppressive cytokines, and equal or greater resistance to anticancer drugs compared to their parental tumoroids. Additionally, FETs serve as a versatile model for traditional cancer research, enabling the study of exosomal miRNA and gene functions, as well as for mechanobiology research when combined with alginate hydrogel. Our findings suggest that the FET represents an advanced model that more accurately mimics solid cancer tissue with peritumoral fibrosis. It may show potential superiority over self‐assembly‐based 3D co‐cultures for cancer research and drug screening, and holds promise for personalized drug selection in cancer treatment.
Sandwich‐Structured Nanofiber Dressings Containing MgB2 and Metformin Hydrochloride With ROS Scavenging and Antibacterial Properties for Wound Healing in Diabetic Infections
Authors: Fang Yueguang , Xiu Lanling , Xiao Dingwen , Zhang Danyang , Wang Miao , Dong Yuesheng , Ye Junwei
Published: September 2024

The treatment of chronic diabetic wounds is a major challenge due to oxidative stress, persistent hyperglycemia, and susceptibility to bacterial infection. In this study, multifunctional sandwich‐structured nanofiber dressings (SNDs) are prepared via electrospinning. The SNDs consisted of an outer layer of hydrophobic polylactic acid (PLA) fibers encapsulating MgB2 nanosheets (MgB2 NSs), a middle layer of PLA and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) fibers encapsulating the MgB2 NSs and metformin hydrochloride complex (MgB2‐Met), and an inner layer of water‐soluble PVP fibers encapsulating MgB2‐Met. Because of their special sandwich structure, SNDs have high photothermal conversion efficiency (24.13%) and photothermal cycle performance. SNDs also exhibit a photothermal effect, bacteria‐targeting effect of MgB2, electrostatic attraction ability of metformin hydrochloride (Met), and strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). SNDs can eliminate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by regulating the hydrogen release from MgB2. In addition, SNDs have good biocompatibility, can effectively inhibit the inflammatory factor Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and promote granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition, and diabetic wound healing. These findings offer a promising approach for clinical treatment of diabetic wounds.
Tuning Lipid Nanoparticles for RNA Delivery to Extrahepatic Organs
Authors: Song Donghui , Zhao Yu , Wang Zeyu , Xu Qiaobing
Published: September 2024

RNA therapeutics have been successfully transitioned into clinical applications. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are widely employed as nonviral delivery vehicles for RNA therapeutics in commercial vaccine and gene therapy products. However, the bottleneck in expanding the clinical applications of LNP‐based RNA therapeutics lies in the tendency of these nanoparticles to preferentially accumulate in the liver. This challenge underscores the need to design LNPs capable of delivering RNA to organs beyond the liver. In this perspective, recent progress is discussed in developing strategies for designing LNPs to deliver RNA to extrahepatic organs. Organ‐selective targeting capability is achieved by either altering the composition of the LNP formulation or chemically modifying the ionizable lipid component. Both approaches result in changes in the physicochemical properties of the LNPs, which subsequently alters the composition of the biomolecular corona that adsorbs onto its surface following administration. The biomolecular corona is a known mechanism that mediates organ‐selective LNP delivery. Furthermore, this perspective aims to provide an outlook on shaping the next‐generation LNP delivery platforms. Potential efforts include targeting specific cell types, improving the safety profile of LNPs, and developing strategies to overcome physiological barriers against organ‐specific delivery.
Best Practices for Assessing Performance of Photocatalytic Water Splitting Systems
Authors: Takata Tsuyoshi , Lin Lihua , Hisatomi Takashi , Domen Kazunari
Published: September 2024

Photocatalytic water splitting has become a very popular research subject in recent years. Consequently, it is important to report appropriately standardized experimental data, so that each researcher can properly understand the results generated by others. However, experimental methods and measures of photocatalytic performance are not yet sufficiently systematic. In the present manuscript, experimental procedures and standardization of photocatalytic performance are described in relation to the basic theory of photocatalytic water splitting.
Spiking Neural Network Integrated with Impact Ionization Field‐Effect Transistor Neuron and a Ferroelectric Field‐Effect Transistor Synapse
Authors: Choi Haeju , Baek Sungpyo , Jung Hanggyo , Kang Taeho , Lee Sangmin , Jeon Jongwook , Jang Byung Chul , Lee Sungjoo
Published: September 2024

The integration of artificial spiking neurons based on steep‐switching logic devices and artificial synapses with neuromorphic functions enables an energy‐efficient computer architecture that mimics the human brain well, known as a spiking neural network (SNN). 2D materials with impact ionization or ferroelectric characteristics have the potential for use in such devices. However, research on 2D spiking neurons remains limited and investigations of 2D artificial synapses far more common. An innovative 2D spiking neuron is implemented using a WSe2 impact ionization transistor (I2FET), while a spiking neural network is formed by combining it with a 2D ferroelectric synaptic device (FeFET). The suggested 2D spiking neuron demonstrates precise spiking behavior that closely resembles that of actual neurons. In addition, it achieves a low energy consumption of 2 pJ/spike. The better impact ionization properties of WSe2 are responsible for this efficiency. Furthermore, an all‐2D SNN consisting of 2D I2FET neurons and 2D FeFET synapses is constructed, which achieves high accuracy of 87.5% in a face classification task by unsupervised learning. The integration of a 2D SNN with 2D steep‐switching spiking neuronal devices and 2D synaptic devices shows great potential for the development of neuromorphic systems with improved energy efficiency and computational capabilities.
Engineered Protein Hydrogels as Biomimetic Cellular Scaffolds
Authors: Liu Yueming , Gilchrist Aidan E. , Heilshorn Sarah C.
Published: September 2024

The biochemical and biophysical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) play a pivotal role in regulating cellular behaviors such as proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Engineered protein‐based hydrogels, with highly tunable multifunctional properties, have the potential to replicate key features of the native ECM. Formed by self‐assembly or crosslinking, engineered protein‐based hydrogels can induce a range of cell behaviors through bioactive and functional domains incorporated into the polymer backbone. Using recombinant techniques, the amino acid sequence of the protein backbone can be designed with precise control over the chain‐length, folded structure, and cell‐interaction sites. In this review, the modular design of engineered protein‐based hydrogels from both a molecular‐ and network‐level perspective are discussed, and summarize recent progress and case studies to highlight the diverse strategies used to construct biomimetic scaffolds. This review focuses on amino acid sequences that form structural blocks, bioactive blocks, and stimuli‐responsive blocks designed into the protein backbone for highly precise and tunable control of scaffold properties. Both physical and chemical methods to stabilize dynamic protein networks with defined structure and bioactivity for cell culture applications are discussed. Finally, a discussion of future directions of engineered protein‐based hydrogels as biomimetic cellular scaffolds is concluded.
Dual‐Site Molecular Dipole Enables Tunable Interfacial Field Toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Shi Junwei , Samad Muhammad Waqas , Li Fangchao , Guo Chenxi , Liu Cheng , Guo Junjun , Zhang Yong , Zeng Jie , Wang Deng , Ma Wanli , Xu Baomin , Yuan Jianyu
Published: September 2024

The interfacial management in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), including mitigating the carrier transport barrier and suppressing non‐radiative recombination, still remains a significant challenge for efficiency and stability enhancement. Herein, by screening a family of fluorine (F) terminated dual‐site organic dipole molecules, the study aims to gain insight into the molecular dipole array toward tunable interfacial field. Both experimental and theoretical results reveal that these functional interfacial dipole molecules can effectively anchor on perovskite surface through Lewis acid‐base interaction. In addition, the tailored side‐chain with terminated F atoms allows for altering and constructing a well matched perovskite/Spiro‐OMeTAD interfacial contact. As a result, the inserting dual‐site organic dipole array effectively modulates the interface to deliver a gradient energy level alignment, facilitating carrier extraction and transport. The optimal dual‐site dipole trifluoro‐methanesulfonamide mediated N‐i‐P PSCs achieve the highest efficiency of 25.47%, together with enhanced operational stability under 1000 h of the simulated 1‐sun illumination exposure. These findings are believed to provide insight into the design of dual‐site molecular dipole with sufficient interfacial tunability for perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices.
Synthesis and Photothermal Processing of Silicon‐Based Nanoconfined MXenes
Authors: Khatoon Najma , Subedi Binod , Majed Ahmad , Wang Shiping , He Jibao , Albert Julie N.L. , Naguib Michael , Chrisey Douglas B
Published: September 2024

Intercalation is a powerful approach to customize the properties of layered materials such as titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXenes. Photonic curing, a novel technique employing intense pulsed light from a xenon flashlamp (≈280–1100 nm wavelength range), offers significant advantages over conventional annealing methods. The pulsed nature of photonic curing enables rapid quenching, which allows trapping of metastable states and the formation of unique nanostructures. Herein, this work reports on the ion exchange intercalation of Ti3C2Tx MXenes with aminopropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (amino‐PDMS) and the subsequent application of photonic curing to study pyrolysis of intercalated PDMS. The results showed an increase in the interlayer spacing (d‐spacing) of Ti3C2Tx from 1 to 13.5 nm for the 5 kg mol−1 amino‐PDMS (5K‐PDMS) intercalant. After photonic curing, the intercalated PDMS is converted into SiOx or silicon oxycarbide, and the d‐spacing decreased from 13.5 to 11 nm. Furthermore, curing the intercalated MXenes under controlled pressure in different gas environments, this work observes the conversion of PDMS to silicon carbide on the surface of MXenes layers. This study demonstrates the potential of photonic curing as a promising approach for cost‐effective, instantaneous, and scalable synthesis of customizable layered materials with precise control over the nanostructure within the layers.
Understanding Hydration in CPO‐27 Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Strong Impact of the Chemical Nature of the Metal (Cu, Zn)
Authors: Kloß Marvin , Beerbaum Michael , Baier Dominik , Weinberger Christian , Zysk Frederik , Elgabarty Hossam , Kühne Thomas D. , Tiemann Michael
Published: September 2024

CPO‐27 is a metal‐organic framework (MOF) with coordinatively unsaturated metal centers (open metal sites). It is therefore an ideal host material for small guest molecules, including water. This opens up numerous possible applications, such as proton conduction, humidity sensing, water harvesting, or adsorption‐driven heat pumps. For all of these applications, profound knowledge of the adsorption and desorption of water in the micropores is mandatory. The hydration and water structure in CPO‐27‐M (M = Zn or Cu) is investigated using water vapor sorption, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and molecular dynamics simulation. In the pores of CPO‐27‐Zn, water binds as a ligand to the Zn center. Additional water molecules are stepwise incorporated at defined positions, forming a network of H‐bonds with the framework and with each other. In CPO‐27‐Cu, hydration proceeds by an entirely different mechanism. Here, water does not coordinate to the metal center, but only forms H‐bonds with the framework; pore filling occurs mostly in a single step, with the open metal site remaining unoccupied. Water in the pores forms clusters with extensive intra‐cluster H‐bonding.
Hydrogen Bonding Interaction Enabled Ru(III)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of (Multi)‐Substituted Pyridines
Authors: Chakraborty Santana , Sikari Rina , Chakraborty Subhajit , Sharma Manisha , Brandão Paula , Paul Nanda D.
Published: September 2024

Herein, we report a cost‐effective synthesis of various multi‐substituted pyridine derivatives, especially 2‐aryl pyridines, using secondary alcohols and 1,3‐diol as the primary feedstock with ammonium acetate serving as nitrogen donor, catalyzed by a new well‐defined singlet mono‐radical Ru(III)‐catalyst featuring a cyclopentadienyl group, one PPh3, and a redox‐active scaffold −N1‐(2‐aminophenyl)benzene‐1,2‐diamine having a pendant ‐NH2 arm. The ‐NH2 arm of the catalyst facilitates the generation of the critical reactive intermediates by enhancing the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon center of the diols or diketones by forming hydrogen bonds, making it more catalytically effective over the similar other Ru‐catalysts having no pendant ‐NH2 arm. The Ru‐catalyst also functionalizes 2‐aryl pyridine moieties with different coupling partners, such as aryl iodides, terminal alkynes, and styrene derivatives at the o‐position of the phenyl ring.
Ni Surface & Polyacryloyl Hydrazide Mediated Growth of Co3O4@NiCu Alloy Nanocuboids for Effective Methanol Oxidation and Oxygen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Semwal Santosh , Samal Aiswarya , Nayak Saroj Kumar , Urkude Rajashri R. , Sinha Akhoury Sudhir Kumar , Ojha Umaprasana
Published: September 2024

Strategies to control the size, shape, and lattice arrangement, introduce doping agents, and induce heterostructuring in electrocatalysts are strongly desirable to tailor their activities. Herewith, a one‐pot strategy utilizing polyacryloyl hydrazide (PAHz) as the composition directing agent and metallic Ni surface as the shape directing agent is employed to grow Co3O4 doped NiCu alloy nanocuboids on Ni foam (NF) under hydrothermal conditions for electrocatalytic H2 production. The resulting bi‐functional electrodes are suitable for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) coupled green H2 production with effective energy efficiency. The low overall potential (MOR+HER) of 1.78 V to realize the current density (j) value of 100 mA cm−2 and extended durability (100 h@10 mA cm−2) along with the selective conversion of methanol to formate support the viability of the NF‐PAHz‐Co3O4@NiCu for the said operation. The electrode also displays efficacy toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity and jOER value of 100 mA cm−2 is realized at a potential value of 1.65 VRHE with adequate durability. Overall, the synthetic strategy is general, scalable and may be extended to grow other metal oxide doped alloy nanostructures in the future.
Molecular Basis of VCPIP1 and P97/VCP Interaction Reveals Its Functions in Post‐Mitotic Golgi Reassembly
Authors: Liao Tianzhui , Li Ruotong , Lu Ping , Liu Yusong , Yang Rong , Guo Hao , Wu Zhuoxi , Wang Ruiwen , Yuan Ling , Hu Zhengmao , Gao Haishan , Li Faxiang
Published: September 2024

The VCPIP1‐P97/VCP (Valosin‐Containing Protein) complex is required for post‐mitotic Golgi cisternae reassembly and maintenance in interphase. However, the organization and mechanism of this complex in regulating Golgi membrane fusion is still elusive. Here, the cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) structures of the human VCPIP1‐P97/VCP complex are presented. These studies reveal that three independent VCPIP1 molecules sit over the C‐terminal substrate exit tunnel formed by P97/VCP homo‐hexamer, resulting in an unusual C3 to C6 symmetric barrel architecture. The UFD1 (unknown function domain 1) from VCPIP1, but not the N‐terminal OTU domain and the C‐terminal UBL domain, docks to the two adjacent D2 domains of P97/VCP, allosterically causing the cofactors binding domain‐NTDs (N‐terminal domains) of P97/VCP in a “UP” and D1 domain in an ATPase competent conformation. Conversely, VCPIP1 bound P97/VCP hexamer favors the binding of P47, and thus the intact SNARE complex, promoting Golgi membrane fusion. These studies not only reveal the unexpected organization of humanVCPIP1‐P97/VCP complex, but also provide new insights into the mechanism of VCPIP1‐P97/VCP mediated Golgi apparatus reassembly, which is a fundamental cellular event for protein and lipid processing.
Complete Mapping of Thermodynamic Stability of Ternary Oxide SrTiO3 (001) Surface at Finite Temperatures
Authors: Rahman Md Mokhlesur , Oh Sehoon , Adhikari Puspa Raj , Lee Jaichan
Published: September 2024

The oxide surface structure plays a vital role in controlling and utilizing the emergent phenomena occurring at the interface of nanoarchitecture. A complete understanding of ternary oxide surfaces remains challenging due to complex surface reconstructions in various chemical and physical environments. Here a thermodynamic framework is developed to treat the stability of ternary oxide surfaces with finite temperature and chemical environments. Strontium titanate, as a representative ternary oxide, is used to establish the complete energy landscape of SrTiO3 (001) surface. The complete mapping yields a comprehensive understanding of various stable SrTiO3 surfaces with finite temperature and chemical potential or vapor pressure of the constituents, i.e., Sr (or Ti) metal and oxygen. This treatment also reveals a stable surface unknown yet with SrTi2O3 stoichiometry, which unveils the missing link between numerous previous experimental observations and the current understanding of SrTiO3 surface. Interestingly, the new surface shows an anisotropic surface‐localized metallic state originating from the characteristic surface structure. The findings would provide a viable way to understand ternary oxide surfaces and further utilize SrTiO3 surfaces for oxide nanoarchitectures.
Coupling Between Electrons and Charge Density Wave Fluctuation and its Possible Role in Superconductivity
Authors: Lee Yeonghoon , Sur Yeahan , Kim Sunghun , Cha Jaehun , Hyun Jounghoon , Lim Chan‐young , Hashimoto Makoto , Lu Donghui , Kim Younsik , Huh Soonsang , Kim Changyoung , Ideta Shinichiro , Tanaka Kiyohisa , Kim Kee Hoon , Kim Yeongkwan
Published: September 2024

In most charge density wave (CDW) systems of different material classes, ranging from traditional correlated systems in low‐dimension to recent topological systems with Kagome lattice, superconductivity emerges when the system is driven toward the quantum critical point (QCP) of CDW via external parameters of doping and pressure. Despite this rather universal trend, the essential hinge between CDW and superconductivity has not been established yet. Here, the evidence of coupling between electron and CDW fluctuation is reported, based on a temperature‐ and intercalation‐dependent kink in the angle‐resolved photoemission spectra of 2H‐PdxTaSe2. Kinks are observed only when the system is in the CDW phase, regardless of whether a long‐ or short‐range order is established. Notably, the coupling strength is enhanced upon long‐range CDW suppression, albeit the coupling energy scale is reduced. Interestingly, the estimation of the superconducting critical temperature by incorporating the observed coupling characteristics into McMillan's equation yields results closely resembling the known values of the superconducting dome. The results thus highlight a compelling possibility that this new coupling mediates Cooper pairs, which provides new insights into the competing relationship not only for CDW but also for other competing orders.
Physics‐Informed Inverse Design of Programmable Metasurfaces
Authors: Xu Yucheng , Yang Jia‐Qi , Fan Kebin , Wang Sheng , Wu Jingbo , Zhang Caihong , Zhan De‐Chuan , Padilla Willie J. , Jin Biaobing , Chen Jian , Wu Peiheng
Published: September 2024

Emerging reconfigurable metasurfaces offer various possibilities for programmatically manipulating electromagnetic waves across spatial, spectral, and temporal domains, showcasing great potential for enhancing terahertz applications. However, they are hindered by limited tunability, particularly evident in relatively small phase tuning over 270°, due to the design constraints with time‐intensive forward design methodologies. Here, a multi‐bit programmable metasurface is demonstrated capable of terahertz beam steering facilitated by a developed physics‐informed inverse design (PIID) approach. Through integrating a modified coupled mode theory (MCMT) into residual neural networks, the PIID algorithm not only significantly increases the design accuracy compared to conventional neural networks but also elucidates the intricate physical relations between the geometry and the modes. Without decreasing the reflection intensity, the method achieves the enhanced phase tuning as large as 300°. Additionally, the inverse‐designed programmable beam steering metasurface is experimentally validated, which is adaptable across 1‐bit, 2‐bit, and tri‐state coding schemes, yielding a deflection angle up to 68° and broadened steering coverage. The demonstration provides a promising pathway for rapidly exploring advanced metasurface devices, with potentially great impact on communication and imaging technologies.
Two novel compound heterozygous HOXB1 variants in congenital facial palsy: A case report and a brief review of the literature
Authors: Brugnoli Chiara , Rizzi Susanna , Cesaroni Carlo Alberto , Spagnoli Carlotta , Pregnolato Giovanna , Caraffi Stefano Giuseppe , Napoli Manuela , Pascarella Rosario , Zuntini Roberta , Peluso Francesca , Garavelli Livia , Chiarotto Eleonora , Leon Alberta , Frattini Daniele , Fusco Carlo
Published: September 2024

Hereditary congenital facial palsy (HCFP) is a medical condition caused by dysfunction of the seventh cranial nerve. HCFP is characterized by feeding difficulties and dysmorphic features in the orofacial region. In some cases hearing loss, strabismus, limb malformations, and musculoskeletal defects may be associated. There are three types of HCFP: HCFP3 (OMIM 614744) results from autosomal recessive pathogenic variants in the HOXB1 gene, while HCFP1 and 2 (OMIM 601471, 604185) are autosomal dominant, genetically less defined conditions. We report on a case of congenital bilateral facial palsy due to two novel compound heterozygous variants in the HOXB1 gene, found by exome sequencing (ES), in a child with facial nerve axonal neuropathy without evidence of nerve hypoplasia on neuroimaging. The results of this report suggest that in individuals with congenital facial paralysis and preserved ocular motor skills, with or without facial nerve hypoplasia and with confirmed facial nerve axonal neuropathy, HOXB1 variants and therefore a diagnosis of HCFP3 should be primarily considered.
Expanding MNS1 Heterotaxy Phenotype
Authors: Maraval Julien , Delahaye‐Duriez Andrée , Racine Caroline , Bruel Ange‐Line , Denommé‐Pichon Anne‐Sophie , Gaudillat Léa , Thauvin‐Robinet Christel , Lucain Marie , Satre Véronique , Coutton Charles ,   AURAGEN Consortium, de Sainte Agathe Jean‐Madelaine , Keren Boris , Faivre Laurence
Published: September 2024

MNS1 (meiosis‐specific nuclear structural protein‐1 gene) encodes a structural protein implicated in motile ciliary function and sperm flagella assembly. To date, two different homozygous MNS1 variants have been associated with autosomal recessive visceral heterotaxy (MIM#618948). A French individual was identified with compound heterozygous variants in the MNS1 gene. A collaborative call was proposed via GeneMatcher to describe new cases with this rare syndrome, leading to the identification of another family. The first patient was a female presenting complete situs inversus and unusual symptoms, including severe myopia and dental agenesis of 10 permanent teeth. She was found to carry compound heterozygous frameshift and nonsense variants in MNS1. The second and third patients were sibling fetuses with homozygous in‐frame deletion variants in MNS1 and homozygous missense variants in GLDN. Autopsies revealed a complex prenatal malformation syndrome. We add here new cases with the ultra‐rare MNS1‐related disorder and provide a review of all published individuals.
Isomeric Dimer Acceptors for Stable Organic Solar Cells with over 19 % Efficiency
Authors: Li Yun , Ge Zhongwei , Mei Le , Ma Haisheng , Chen Yue , Wang Xunchang , Yu Jifa , Lu Guanghao , Yang Renqiang , Chen Xian‐Kai , Yin Shouchun , Sun Yanming
Published: September 2024

The strategy of isomerization is known for its simple yet effective role in optimizing molecular configuration and enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the impact of isomerization on the design of dimer acceptors has been rarely investigated, and the relationship between the chemical structure and optoelectronic property remains unclear. In this study, we designed and synthesized two dimer acceptor isomers named D‐TPh and D‐TN, which differ in the positional arrangement of their end capping groups. Compared to D‐TN, D‐TPh exhibited enhanced backbone planarity, elevated lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level, and more ordered molecular stacking. Consequently, the OSC device based on PM6 : D‐TPh achieved a PCE of 19.05 %, higher than that (PCE=18.42 %) of the device based on PM6 : D‐TN. Large‐area PM6 : D‐TPh devices (1 cm2) yielded a PCE of 18.00 %. More importantly, the extrapolated T80 lifetime of the PM6 : D‐TPh device is over 2800 h with MPP tracking under continuous one‐sun illumination. These results suggest that isomerization strategy is an effective way to optimize the molecular configuration of dimer acceptors for the fabrication of high‐efficiency and stable OSCs.
Experimental and Theoretical Characterization of 4π‐Electron Möbius Aromatic System of a 1,2‐Digermacyclobutadiene†
Authors: Sugahara Tomohiro , Hashizume Daisuke , Espinosa Ferao Arturo , Masada Koichiro , Tokitoh Norihiro , Sasamori Takahiro
Published: September 2024

We present the visualization of the experimental valence electron‐density distribution (EDD) in the isolated 1,2‐digermacyclobutadiene ring system, revealing the unique 4π electron‐delocalization on the four‐membered Ge2C2 ring. A remarkably high Möbius 4π‐electron aromatic character in the Ge2C2 ring can be suggested from theoretical calculations, in sharp contrast to the significant antiaromaticity of the all‐carbon cyclobutadiene ring.
Research on the photoluminescence properties and stability of Cu2+‐doped perovskite CsPbCl1.5Br1.5 quantum dots
Authors: Liu Maolin , Lin Changqing , Ou Weicheng , Lu Zehui , He Jiayi , Chen Xiaojie , Liu Fengbin , Lin Guoxiao , Xu Guojie , Wang Han , Pan Chunyang
Published: September 2024

Cu:CsPbClxBr3‐x quantum dots (QDs) with different Cu‐to‐Pb molar ratios were synthesized via a solvent‐based thermal synthesis method, and highly stable blue‐light PCL@Cu:CsPbClxBr3‐x composite fibers (CFs) were prepared by electrohydrodynamic (EHD) technology. The photoluminescence (PL) properties of these Cu2+‐doped Cu:CsPbClxBr3‐x QDs and the stability of polymer encapsulation were investigated in this study. The results showed that with increasing Cu2+ concentration, the CsPbCl1.5Br1.5 QDs maintained their initial cubic crystal structure. The doping of Cu2+ ions effectively eliminated the surface defects of CsPbCl1.5Br1.5 QDs, facilitating excitonic recombination through radiative pathways. The PL quantum yield (PLQY) of Cu:CsPbCl1.5Br1.5 QDs increased to 85%. In addition, The fiber encapsulation method effectively improved the stability of the Cu:CsPbCl1.5Br1.5 QDs, After 3 days in water, the fluorescence intensity still remains at the initial 90%. Based on these results, it is believed that Cu:CsPbCl1.5Br1.5 QDs have promising applications in optoelectronic devices in the future.
Antibacterial GO@SiO2 nanofluids/natural rubber composite films with and simultaneously enhanced mechanical strength and elongation at break: A new strategy beyond nanofillers
Authors: Xu Xinxin , Ji Shangchao , Shi Lei , Chen Hailong , Liu Dong , Dai Jiawen , Yin Xianze , Shentu Baoqing , Zheng Long
Published: September 2024

Developing nonchemical cross‐linked natural rubber (NR) latex gloves with antibacterial properties and simultaneously enhanced mechanical strength and elongation at break is challenging. In this study, liquid‐like silica (SiO2) nanofluids (SiO2 nfs) with hard SiO2 cores and soft organic molecule shells are synthesized and then self‐assembled with graphene oxide (GO) via electrostatic interactions to create GO@SiO2 nfs hybrids, which are blended with NR latex. Strong hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions between NR latex particles and GO@SiO2 nfs hybrids form physically cross‐linked GO@SiO2 nfs/NR composite films. The rigid GO in the hybrids provided reinforcement, while the vicious SiO2 nfs facilitated the energy dissipation during stretching. This synergy results in simultaneous improvements in the mechanical strength and elongation at break of the GO@SiO2 nfs/NR composite films. Their tensile strength increased by 95.2% compared with pure NR films and by 20.6% compared with GO/NR composite films, and the elongation at break improved by 27.8% and 19.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of quaternary ammonium cation in SiO2 nfs conferred excellent antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to the GO@SiO2 nfs/NR composite films. These results offer valuable insights for the development of high‐performance, nonchemical cross‐linked NR latex products.
Ultra‐high stretchability and wide temperature range adhesion hydrogels for flexible sensor
Authors: Gao Zijian , Sun Shengyu , Guan Xin , Yang Yongqi , Sun Jian , Ren Hailun , Jin Zhaohui
Published: September 2024

Ensuring adhesion over wide temperature range is of considerable significance for hydrogel‐based wearable sensors, especially in extreme environments. In this research, a hydrogel with adhesive properties over a wide temperature range (−20–80°C) was prepared by copolymerizing 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), acrylic acid (AAc), and sodium lignosulfonate (LS) in binary solvent of H2O and glycerol (Gly). Hence, the hydrogel acquires adhesive properties through the establishment of non‐covalent interactions with the substrate surface, encompassing hydrogen bonding, metal complexation, and electrostatic interactions. At −20°C, ambient temperature (20°C), and 80°C, the hydrogel exhibits significant shear strength of 39.8, 74.3, and 46.9 kPa. In addition, chemical crosslinking points, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction are imparted with good mechanical properties to withstand large tensile and flexible deformation, achieving a fracture stress of 120 kPa and a strain of 14,288%. Furthermore, the hydrogel exhibits outstanding electrical conductivity, reaching up to 1.58 S/m owing to a substantial concentration of free conductive ions. Moreover, this sensor is able to provide a constant and stable change in electrical resistance signal and is used to monitor human movement signals. This makes it possible to employ AAc/AMPS/H2O/Gly/LS hydrogels as wearable flexible sensors in extreme environments.
Experimental investigation on plugging and transport characteristics of low‐density preformed particle gels in fractured tight reservoirs for enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Du Daijun , Fan Huancai , Pu Wanfen , Song Mingming , Zhang Yangyang , Dou Yajuan
Published: September 2024

A novel low‐density multistage expansion preformed particle gel (LDMPG) was synthesized to mitigate gas breakthrough. To investigate LDMPG's potential of fractures plugging and enhanced oil recovery, the structure, micromorphology, expansion property, and thermal stability were characterized, followed by core‐flooding experiments. Experimental results indicated that hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) were grafted onto LDMPG through chemical modification and polymerization. The LDMPG can expand 30 times under formation conditions, while maintaining a density of 1.06 g/cm3. The temperature resistance can withstand up to 120°C, while the salt resistance can tolerate up to 200,000 mg/L. After 90 days of aging, the transition pressure and toughness coefficient were 107.9 KPa and 0.82, the retention rates were 81.9% and 85.4%, respectively. The core flooding experiments demonstrated that LDMPG can effectively plug fractures, thereby enhancing the oil displacement efficiency of the matrix by approximately 19%. All the results indicated that LDMPG had great potential in conformance control of fractured tight reservoirs.
Enhancing polyethylene‐based nanocomposites through ethylene plasma polymerization of carbon nanotubes and sequential ultrasound dispersion with melt mixing method
Authors: García‐Padilla Erika E. , Neira‐Velázquez María G. , Soria‐Arguello Gustavo , Kú‐Herrera José J. , Narro‐Céspedes Rosa I. , Cuellar‐Gaona Claudia Gabriela , Ortíz‐Rodríguez Juan C.
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the enhancement of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) nanocomposites with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT) at concentrations of 1, 3, and 6% w/w. To improve the interfacial interaction between the CNT and the polymeric matrix, CNT were treated using ethylene cold plasma (P‐CNT) in a rotary reactor. The incorporation of CNT into the polymer was carried out by a melt mixing process (MMP) and a sequential ultrasound dispersion method followed by melt mixing (UDM‐MMP). The thermal stability of nanocomposites with 6% P‐CNT increased by 45°C compared to pristine LLDPE. Electrical conductivity reached 2.5 × 10−2 S/cm for nanocomposites with 6% CNT. The elastic modulus increased from 519.52 MPa (LLDPE) to 714.63 MPa (6% CNT) and 795.43 MPa (6% P‐CNT), which further improving to 731.42 MPa (6% CNT) and 841.27 MPa (6% P‐CNT) using UDM‐MMP. Additionally, yield stress rose from 16.35 MPa to 21.28 MPa (6% CNT) and 22.06 MPa (6% P‐CNT), reaching 21.47 MPa and 22.28 MPa with UDM‐MMP. Tensile strength increased from 21.31 MPa to 25.15 MPa (6% CNT) and 25.9 MPa (6% P‐CNT), achieving 26.82 MPa (6% P‐CNT) with UDM‐MMP. These results highlight a significant improvement in conductivity, rigidity, and mechanical strength, emphasizing their potential for advanced applications.
Seed‐based information retrieval in networks of research publications: Evaluation of direct citations, bibliographic coupling, co‐citations, and PubMed‐related article score
Authors: Sjögårde Peter , Ahlgren Per
Published: September 2024

In this contribution, we deal with seed‐based information retrieval in networks of research publications. Using systematic reviews as a baseline, and publication data from the NIH Open Citation Collection, we compare the performance of the three citation‐based approaches direct citation, co‐citation, and bibliographic coupling with respect to recall and precision measures. In addition, we include the PubMed‐related article score as well as combined approaches in the comparison. We also provide a fairly comprehensive review of earlier research in which citation relations have been used for information retrieval purposes. The results show an advantage for co‐citation over bibliographic coupling and direct citation. However, combining the three approaches outperforms the exclusive use of co‐citation in the study. The results further indicate, in line with previous research, that combining citation‐based approaches with textual approaches enhances the performance of seed‐based information retrieval. The results from the study may guide approaches combining citation‐based and textual approaches in their choice of citation similarity measures. We suggest that future research use more structured approaches to evaluate methods for seed‐based retrieval of publications, including comparative approaches as well as the elaboration of common data sets and baselines for evaluation.
Difluoroboron Complexes as Versatile Precursors for Steroid Modification. Lumiestrone‐Based Steroid Derivatives: Synthesis and Structural Studies
Authors: Sukhanova Anna A. , Prezent Mikhail A. , Minyaev Mikhail E. , Zavarzin Igor V.
Published: September 2024

A preparation method for steroid‐based difluoroboron complexes has been developed using lumiestrone as a steroid example. Previously inaccessible lumiestrone‐based difluoroboron complexes annulated at positions 16 and 17 of the D ring have been prepared. Such difluoroboron complexes may have large synthetic potential for heterofunctionalization of steroids at the D ring. An application of a borylation mixture Ac2O‐BF3⋅OEt2 significantly simplify the preparation of steroid “dimers” bearing two estrone moieties connected at positions 2 and 2′ via a linker. Crystal structures of key representatives have been determined by X‐ray diffraction.
Zuranolone therapy protects frontal cortex neurodevelopment and improves behavioral outcomes after preterm birth
Authors: Moloney Roisin A. , Palliser Hannah K. , Pavy Carlton L. , Shaw Julia C. , Hirst Jonathan J.
Published: September 2024

Background

Preterm birth is associated with brain injury and long‐term behavioral abnormalities, for which there are limited prevention options. When born preterm, infants prematurely lose placental neurosteroid (allopregnanolone) support. This increases the risk of excitotoxic damage to the brain, which increases the risk of injury, causing long‐term deficits in behavior, myelination, and alterations to neurotransmitter pathways. We propose that postnatal restoration of neurosteroid action through zuranolone therapy will reduce neurological impairments following preterm birth.

Methods:

Guinea pig dams underwent survival cesarean section surgery to deliver pups prematurely (GA64) or at term (GA69). Between birth and term equivalence age, preterm pups received vehicle (15% β‐cyclodextrin) or the allopregnanolone analogue zuranolone (1 mg/kg/day). Behavioral analysis was performed at postnatal day (PND) 7 and 40, before tissue collection at PND 42. Immunostaining for myelin basic protein (MBP), as well as real‐time polymerase chain reaction to characterize oligodendrocyte lineage and neurotransmitter pathways, was performed in frontal cortex tissues.

Results:

Zuranolone treatment prevented the hyperactive phenotype in preterm‐born offspring, most markedly in males. Additionally, preterm‐related reductions in MBP were ameliorated. Several preterm‐related alterations in mRNA expression of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic pathways were also restored back to that of a term control level.

Conclusion:

This is the first study to assess zuranolone treatment as a neuroprotective therapy following preterm birth. Zuranolone treatment improved behavioral outcomes and structural changes in the preterm offspring, which continued long term until at least a late childhood timepoint. Clinical studies are warranted for further exploring the neuroprotective possibilities of this treatment following preterm birth.
‘I feel like a weight has been lifted off of my shoulders, and more than just the haircut’: A thematic analysis exploring how the social and emotional aspects of client relationships impact upon hairdressers' psychological wellbeing
Authors: Gilius Anna , Hendry Gillian
Published: September 2024

Emotional labour refers to the process of managing the self to fulfil the emotional requirements of a job, particularly with regard to interactions with customers, co‐workers and clients. Previous research has identified that client relationships, in particular, can lead to a strain on emotional labour. This is of particular concern for the hairdressing industry in Scotland, given that it is unregulated and consequently no formal support or essential training is provided to support hairdressers to navigate client relationships. The current study therefore sought to explore how hairdressers navigate the social and emotional aspects of client relations and how these impact upon psychological wellbeing. Interviews were conducted with seven self‐employed Scottish hairdressers before reflexive thematic analysis was applied to the data, generating themes of Safeguarding the salon via client vetting, Follow the client's lead, Supporting clients through personal problems and Social fatigue. These findings identify the unwritten but complex social process used by hairdressers to safeguard their own wellbeing and the impact that this can have when this is not accomplished. Future research should consider the impact of emotional labour on employed vs. self‐employed workers to further explore how job autonomy influences the social and emotional challenges that hairdressers experience.
A case report of massive pulmonary tuberculosis and newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus with complications
Authors: Vasilj Marina , Zovko Tanja , Galic Kristina , Goluza Sesar Marija , Pejanovic Skobic Natasa , Pavlovic Katica
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

The diagnosis of extensive pulmonary tuberculosis, especially in young people, should take into account the possibility of an associated systemic autoimmune disease. Infections remain an important cause of morbidity and mortalityin systemic lupus erythematosus. This case illustrates the importance of recognizing the association of systemic autoimmune diseases and infections and the need for a multidisciplinary approach.
Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with BRAFV600E mutation mimicking thyroid carcinoma in fine‐needle aspiration: A diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Xu Liming , Huang Dong Dong , Wang Jinghan , You Qihan , Yu Fang
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

We report a rare case of thyroid diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with a BRAFV600E mutation, which mimics poorly differentiated thyroid cancer in fine needle aspiration cytology.
Unlocking a Key Residue in a Lipase for Efficient Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Hydrolysis and Influencing Depolymerization Product Profiles
Authors: Vidal Paula , Robles‐Martín Ana , Fernandez‐Lopez Laura , Gonzalez‐Alfonso Jose L. , Almendral David , Muñoz‐Tafalla Ruben , Plou Francisco J. , Guallar Víctor , Ferrer Manuel
Published: September 2024

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) pollution is a global challenge. Advancing the bioprospecting of PET‐degrading enzymes through metagenomics and using computational and functional methods to identify key positions influencing the catalytic rate and selectivity are part of the solution. Here, we report PETase activity in the metagenomic lipase LipMRD9, which exhibits peak activity at 30 °C and pH 9.0 and has a denaturation temperature of 42 °C. In addition to acting on long‐chain triglycerides (up to ∼13 units (U)/mg, pH 8.0, 30 °C) and a wide range of 34 other esters (up to ∼228 U/g), LipMRD9 hydrolyses mono(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (∼57 U/g) and bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (∼131 U/g). It also efficiently deconstructs GoodFellow amorphous submicro‐ and nanosized PET particles (∼984/2238 μM degradation products at 30/40 °C, pH 7.0, 21.5 h) and films (∼112/198 μM degradation products at 30/40 °C, pH 7.0, 7 days). Through molecular modelling and experimental analysis, the active site of LipMRD9 was revealed, identifying a key residue contributing to its PETase activity compared with those of its closest homologues. This residue plays a crucial role in determining the distinct profiles of degradation products from PET hydrolysis and should be studied in other PETases for its influence on the catalytic process.