bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Life Tape Project: Increasing Family Social Support and Symbolic Immortality with a Brief Existential Intervention for Cancer Patients and Their Families
Authors: Rosenbaum Ernest , Garlan Robert W. , Hirschberger Naama , Siegel Alison L. , Butler Lisa D. , Spiegel David
Published: February 2007

Cancer poses a powerful threat to the emotional equilibrium of patients and their families. A key role of the family and medical team is to provide a supportive environment as the patient confronts the reality of death. Few interventions have been developed to help families support patients in dealing with fears of death and dying. We present one such approach, the Life Tape Project (LTP), that helps bring families closer together, increases communication, and acts as an existential intervention leading to greater sense of legacy, meaning, self-awareness, identity, and connection. Additionally, the results of a pilot study exploring the benefits of the LTP are presented, and we describe symbolic immortality, an aspect of existential coping, to illuminate how existential and social support factors can work together to benefit patients and their families.
Should Incurable Patients Be Allowed to Die?
Authors: Babylon Debra M. , Monk-Turner Elizabeth
Published: February 2007

We examined differences in attitudes to the question “Should incurable patients be allowed to die?” using the General Social Survey cumulative data from 1972–2002. Utilizing logistic regression, we examined support for this statement with age, gender, race and other background variables in the basic model. Our findings are in line with past work that finds younger people, men and self-defined liberals support non-treatment compared to others all else equal. Controlling for background variables; however, we found that whites are less likely to support non-treatment than blacks.
Iterative learning based convergence analysis for nonlinear impulsive differential inclusion systems with randomly varying trial lengths
Authors: Qiu Wanzheng , Wang JinRong , Shen Dong
Published: March 2024

This paper studies the finite‐time tracking problem for nonlinear impulsive differential inclusion systems with randomly varying trial lengths. First, we convert the set‐valued mapping in the differential inclusion systems to single‐valued mapping by a Steiner‐type selector. For the tracking problem of random discontinuous output trajectories, this paper defines a piecewise continuous variable by zero‐order holder to correct the tracking error of segmented continuity. Then, we introduce the average operator with forgetting factor to design three novel learning schemes, and establish convergence results by using the mathematical analysis tools such as impulsive Gronwall inequality and ‐norm. Finally, a numerical example verifies the validity of the theoretical results, and we compare the tracking performance of the output trajectories for different forgetting factors.
Refractory High‐Entropy Alloys Produced from Elemental Powders by Severe Plastic Deformation
Authors: Lapovok Rimma , Ferdowsi Mahmoud Reza Ghandehari , Shterner Vadim , Hodgson Peter D. , Mazilkin Andrey , Boltynjuk Evgeniy , Kulagin Roman , Semiatin Sheldon Lee
Published: March 2024

A comparative investigation of two fundamentally different approaches for the synthesis, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties of the refractory high‐entropy alloys (RHEA) HfNbTaTiZr and HfNbTiZr is performed. The two methods comprises conventional arc (button) melting and a powder route based on mechanical alloying and consolidation via severe plastic deformation. In particular, blended elemental powder is pre‐compacted and subjected to one or four passes of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) at 500 °C and then 10 revolutions of high pressure torsion (HPT) at room temperature to an effective strain between 4 and 40. Some samples are then annealed at 500 °C for 1 h to investigate the thermal stability of the phases. The four ECAP passes at 500 °C do not result in the formation of the body‐centered cubic (BCC) phase typical for the program RHEAs despite the presence of interfacial zones between particles and defect‐driven diffusion. Nevertheless, a single ECAP pass is sufficient to create a solid bulk sample for subsequent HPT. After 10 HPT revolutions, in contrast to melting route resulting in a single BCC phase alloy, both alloys form new phases comprising a Nb‐rich BCC phase and a ZrHf‐rich HCP phase in both alloys.
Harnessing the Intrinsic Ionic Rectification Properties of Blind‐Hole Nanoporous Anodic Alumina for Osmotic Energy Generation
Authors: Vu Khanh Nhien , Law Cheryl Suwen , Lord Charles , Wang Juan , Lim Siew Yee , Horsley John , Nielsch Kornelius , Abell Andrew D. , Santos Abel
Published: March 2024

The full potential of blue energy as a sustainable technology for high‐performance energy generation remains elusive. Nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) is extensively used as a passive structural support to develop a broad variety of ion exchange membranes based on other materials for osmosis‐driven energy generation. However, the intrinsic ionic current rectification (ICR) properties of the inherited hemispherical barrier oxide layer (BOL) closing the bottom tips of NAA's nanopores are overlooked. As‐produced NAA provides new avenues to control ionic transport through its BOL, acting as an ICR model system to study electric current associated with the selective flow of ions across anodic oxides. This study explores the intrinsic capability of NAA membranes for osmotic energy generation. NAA membranes with a working area of 13.4 mm2 can generate a power density yield of ≈2.8×10−4 W m−2 when subjected to a 105‐fold salinity ratio at a pH 3 in CaCl2 electrolyte, achieving a high efficiency of 7%. With better understanding of the mechanism of ion transport on osmotic generation, the intrinsic properties of NAA membranes can be tailor‐engineered to maximize blue energy yield, paving the way for future developments in a scalable technology suited for real‐life applications.
Quantum‐Defect‐Minimized, Three‐Photon‐Pumped Ultralow‐Threshold Perovskite Excitonic Lasing
Authors: Sun Jianhui , Zhang Zhedong , Chen Yongyi , Qiu Meng , Jin Wei , Ning Cun‐Zheng , Snaith Henry J. , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Lei Dangyuan
Published: March 2024

Three‐photon‐pumped (3PP) excitonic lasing in inorganic semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is of particular importance for near‐infrared biophotonics and optical communications. However, the implementation of such lasers has been hindered severely by the required high pump thresholds. Here, 3PP excitonic lasing of all‐inorganic cesium lead bromide perovskite QDs (CsPbBr3 PQDs) embedded in a whispering‐gallery microcavity is demonstrated, and achieving a record low threshold of 3 mJ cm−2 by tuning the 3P pump energy in resonance with the S exciton state. Wavelength‐dispersive Z‐scan spectroscopy reveals that such reduced lasing threshold is attributed to the exciton resonance enhanced multiphoton absorption, which, as disclosed by the kinetics analysis of transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS), leads to the appearance of net gain at a pump fluence as low as 2.2 mJ cm−2, corresponding to an average S exciton population of 1.5. A microscopic model incorporating the quantum master equation reproduces the TAS results and provides the intrinsic parameters of biexciton relaxation for lasing. The 3PP resonant excitonic transition is the most favored multiphoton pumping process that minimizes quantum defect (6.8% of the pump photon energy) to realize optical gain at low threshold, marking a major step toward using all‐inorganic perovskite QDs for on‐chip integrated microlasers and multiphoton bioimaging.
Dielectric‐Based Metamaterials for Near‐Perfect Light Absorption
Authors: Wang Ben‐Xin , Qin Xuefeng , Duan Guiyuan , Yang Guofeng , Huang Wei‐Qing , Huang Zhiming
Published: March 2024

The emergence of metamaterials and their continued prosperity have built a powerful working platform for accurately manipulating the behavior of electromagnetic waves, providing sufficient possibility for the realization of metamaterial absorbers with outstanding performance. However, metamaterial absorbers composed of metallic materials typically possess many unfavorable factors, such as non‐adjustable absorption, easy oxidation, low‐melting, and expensive preparation costs. The selection of dielectric materials provides excellent alternatives due to their remarkable properties, thus dielectric‐based metamaterial absorbers (DBMAs) have attracted much attention. To promote breakthroughs in DBMAs and guide their future development, this work systematically and deeply reviews the recent research progress of DBMAs from four different but progressive aspects, including physical principles; classifications, material selections and tunable properties; preparation technologies; and functional applications. Five different types of theories and related physical mechanisms, such as Mie resonance, guided‐mode resonance, and Anapole resonance, are briefly outlined to explain DBMAs having near‐perfect absorption performance. Mainstream material selections, structure designs, and different types of tunable DBMAs are highlighted. Several widely utilized preparation methods for customizing DBMAs are given. Various practical applications of DBMAs in sensing, stealth technology, solar energy absorption, and electromagnetic interference suppression are reviewed. Finally, some key challenges and feasible solutions for DBMAs’ future development are provided.
Tantalum Particles Promote M2 Macrophage Polarization and Regulate Local Bone Metabolism via Macrophage‐Derived Exosomes Influencing the Fates of BMSCs
Authors: Yang Junjun , Gong Xiaoyuan , Li Tao , Xia Zengzilu , He Rui , Song Xiongbo , Wang Xin , Wu Jiangyi , Chen Jiajia , Wang Fangzheng , Xiong Ran , Lin Yangjing , Chen Guangxing , Yang Liu , Cai Kaiyong
Published: March 2024

In this study, the regulatory role and mechanisms of tantalum (Ta) particles in the bone tissue microenvironment are explored. Ta particle deposition occurs in both clinical samples and animal tissues following porous Ta implantation. Unlike titanium (Ti) particles promoting M1 macrophage (Mϕ) polarization, Ta particles regulating calcium signaling pathways and promoting M2 Mϕ polarization. Ta‐induced M2 Mϕ enhances bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation through exosomes (Exo) by upregulating miR‐378a‐3p/miR‐221‐5p and downregulating miR‐155‐5p/miR‐212‐5p. Ta particles suppress the pro‐inflammatory and bone resorption effects of Ti particles in vivo and in vitro. In a rat femoral condyle bone defect model, artificial bone loaded with Ta particles promotes endogenous Mϕ polarization toward M2 differentiation at the defect site, accelerating bone repair. In conclusion, Ta particles modulate Mϕ polarization toward M2 and influence BMSCs osteogenic capacity through Exo secreted by M2 Mϕ, providing insights for potential bone repair applications.
An Electro‐Optical Kerr Device Based on 2D Boron Nitride Liquid Crystals for Solar‐Blind Communications
Authors: Xu Youan , Huang Ziyang , Zhang Zehao , Ding Baofu , Li Peixuan , Liu Jiarong , Hao Yugan , Dai Lixin , Zhang Hao , Zhu Caizhen , Cai Wei , Liu Bilu
Published: March 2024

Achieving light modulation in the spectral range of 200–280 nm is a prerequisite for solar‐blind ultraviolet communication, where current technologies are mainly based on the electro‐luminescent self‐modulation of the ultraviolet source. External light modulation through the electro‐birefringence control of liquid crystal (LC) devices has shown success in the visible‐to‐infrared regions. However, the poor stability of conventional LCs against ultraviolet irradiation and their weak electro‐optical response make it challenging to modulate ultraviolet light. Here, an external ultraviolet light modulator is demonstrated using two‐dimensional boron nitride LC. It exhibits robust ultraviolet stability and a record‐high specific electro‐optical Kerr coefficient of 5.1 × 10⁻2 m V−2, being three orders of magnitude higher than those of other known electro‐optical media that are transparent (or potentially transparent) in the ultraviolent spectral range. The sensitive response enables fabricating transmissive and stable ultraviolet‐C electro‐optical Kerr modulators for solar‐blind ultraviolet light. An M‐ary coding array with high transmission density is also demonstrated for solar‐blind ultraviolet communication.
Materials in Radiative Cooling Technologies
Authors: Liu Rong , Wang Shancheng , Zhou Zhengui , Zhang Keyi , Wang Guanya , Chen Changyuan , Long Yi
Published: March 2024

Radiative cooling (RC) is a carbon‐neutral cooling technology that utilizes thermal radiation to dissipate heat from the Earth's surface to the cold outer space. Research in the field of RC has garnered increasing interest from both academia and industry due to its potential to drive sustainable economic and environmental benefits to human society by reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from conventional cooling systems. Materials innovation is the key to fully exploit the potential of RC. This review aims to elucidate the materials development with a focus on the design strategy including their intrinsic properties, structural formations, and performance improvement. The main types of RC materials, i.e., static‐homogeneous, static‐composite, dynamic, and multifunctional materials, are systematically overviewed. Future trends, possible challenges, and potential solutions are presented with perspectives in the concluding part, aiming to provide a roadmap for the future development of advanced RC materials.
Single‐ and Double‐Layer Embedded Metal Meshes for Flexible, Highly Transparent Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Zarei Mehdi , Li Mingxuan , Papazekos Ekaterini , Su Yang‐Duan , Sinha Sneh , Walker S. Brett , LeMieux Melbs , Ohodnicki Paul R. , Leu Paul W
Published: March 2024

Simulation and experimental studies are carried out on single‐layer and double‐layer embedded metal meshes (SLEMM and DLEMM) to assess their performance as transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. The structures consist of silver meshes embedded in polyethylene terephthalate (PET). As a transparent electrode, SLEMMs exhibit a transparency of 82.7% and a sheet resistance of 0.61 Ωsq−1 as well as 91.0% and 1.49 Ωsq−1. This performance corresponds to figures of merit of 3101 and 2620, respectively. The SLEMMs achieve 48.0 dB EMI shielding efficiency (SE) in the frequency range of 8–18 GHz (X‐ and Ku‐bands) with 91% visible transmission and 56.2 dB EMI SE with 82.7% visible transmission. Samples exhibit stable performance after 1000 bending cycles with a radius of curvature of 4 mm and 60 tape test cycles. DLEMMs consist of fabricating SLEMM on opposite sides of the substrate where the distance can be varied using a spacer. Simulations are performed to investigate how varying spacer distance between two layers of metal meshes influences the EMI SE. DLEMMs are fabricated and achieved an EMI SE of 77.7 dB with 81.7% visible transmission. SLEMMs and DLEMMs may have a wide variety of applications in aerospace, medical, and military applications.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionally Rich Spirooctahydroquinoline Oxindoles via Enynamide Cycloisomerisation/[4+2]‐Addition Sequence
Authors: Prasad Madavi S. , Kumar Jha Aman , Bharani Sankar
Published: March 2024

Creating an expedient method for synthesizing biologically significant functionally rich octahydroquinoline is a highly sought‐after yet challenging endeavour. In this report, we document an unprecedented approach to the construction of novel spirooctahydroquinoline oxindole architectures. The reaction proceeds through Pd (II) catalyzed cycloisomerisation and quinine catalyzed [4+2]‐addition sequence to afford the desired adduct in moderate to excellent yield (up to 89%) in a single diastereomer with three contiguous stereocenters including one spirocenter. An overwhelming number of libraries were generated (35 examples) reflecting the synthetic versatility and functional groups/substituents tolerance. Further, the adduct is transformed into medicinally important fluoro‐decahydroepoxyethanoquinoline spirooxindole scaffold with five contiguous stereocenters in excellent yield and selectivity (95% yield and >99:1 dr) through a three steps sequence which signifies the synthetic utility of the developed methodology.
Constructing Amorphous‐Crystalline Interfacial Bifunctional Site Island‐Sea Synergy by Morphology Engineering Boosts Alkaline Seawater Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Sun Pengliang , Zheng Xiong , Chen Anran , Zheng Guanghong , Wu Yang , Long Min , Zhang Qingran , Chen Yinguang
Published: March 2024

The development of efficient and durable non‐precious hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts for scaling up alkaline water/seawater electrolysis is highly desirable but challenging. Amorphous‐crystalline (A‐C) heterostructures have garnered attention due to their unusual atomic arrangements at hetero‐interfaces, highly exposed active sites, and excellent stability. Here, a heterogeneous synthesis strategy for constructing A‐C non‐homogeneous interfacial centers of electrocatalysts on nanocages is presented. Isolated PdCo clusters on nanoscale islands in conjunction with Co3S4 A‐C, functioning as a bifunctional site “island‐sea” synergy, enable the dynamic confinement design of metal active atoms, resulting in excellent HER catalytic activity and durability. The hierarchical structure of hollow porous nanocages and nanoclusters, along with their large surface area and multi‐dimensional A‐C boundaries and defects, provides the catalyst with abundant active centers. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the combination of PdCo and Co3S4 regulates the redistribution of interface electrons effectively, promoting the sluggish water‐dissociation kinetics at the cluster Co sites. Additionally, PdCo‐Co3S4 heterostructure nanocages exhibit outstanding HER activity in alkaline seawater and long‐term stability for 100 h, which can be powered by commercial silicon solar cells. This finding significantly advances the development of alkaline seawater electrolysis for large‐scale hydrogen production.
Human Body Electrode Enabled Direct Current Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self‐Powered Wireless Human Motion and Environment Monitoring
Authors: Xia Lianbin , Zhou Hao , Chen Jinkai , Liu Fuhai , Chang Shiyuan , Huang Yuhuai , Jiang Jingyang , Dong Kang , Wu Yun , Zhang Chenhao , Xuan Weipeng , Dong Shurong , Luo Jikui
Published: March 2024

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a promising technology, which can convert biokinetic energy into electricity and be utilized as self‐powered sensors and power sources for wearable electronics. The existing designs of conventional TENGs require complex fabrication processes and device structures, and they need to be attached on human body for wearable application, which is uncomfortable and may lead to malfunction under intense body moment. Here, a direct current TENG is proposed by utilizing natural human body, basketball, shoes, and ground floor. A unidirectional peak voltage and current output up to 700 V and 23 µA can be generated when a player plays a basketball, which can lighten up an array of 240 LEDs, and charge a 100 µF capacitor to 3.2 V in 1 min. The output of TENG is utilized to identify different movements of a basketball player using machine learning algorithm with an accuracy up to 96.7%. Moreover, the human body enabled direct current TENG (HBDC‐TENG) is used as a self‐powered sensor and an energy harvester for a wireless sensing system, which can collect human motion and environmental information, and transmit them wirelessly. The HBDC‐TENG has a great significance for self‐powered wearable electronics, providing a viable solution for human motion status and ambient environment monitoring.
The Topological Hall Effect in CoGd Films Controlled by Hydrogen Migration under Gate Voltage
Authors: Ren Xue , Liu Liang , Cui Bin , Cheng Bin , Zhao Xiangxiang , An Taiyu , Chu Ruiyue , Zhang Mingfang , Liu Weikang , Zhou Guangjun , Kuai Weijie , Hu Jifan
Published: March 2024

The topological Hall effect (THE) presents hump signals in the Hall resistance versus magnetic field hysteresis loop, showing promise for future spintronics due to its robust chiral magnetic textures. Here, it is shown that solid‐state protonic gating can control possible topological magnetic structures in CoGd thin films. Injecting H+ leads to sizable hump signals in the film. Magneto‐optical Kerr microscopy shows that induced hump signals in transporting measurements do not scale with magnetization, supporting topological magnetism. Successive hydrogen ion extraction completely erases the effect. Thus, topological magnetism manipulations are reversible, nonvolatile, and effective. Ab inito calculations and effective chiral spin models demonstrate that hydrogen injection remarkably enhances the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction over fourfold, stabilizing chiral structures contributing to the large THE. These findings reveal the vital role of hydrogen ions in topological magnetism and suggest that amorphous ferrimagnetic CoGd thin films are outstanding platforms for realizing controllable topological spintronics at room temperature.
Is multidisciplinary treatment effective for invasive intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma?
Authors: Hirono Seiko , Higuchi Ryota , Honda Goro , Nara Satoshi , Esaki Minoru , Gotohda Naoto , Takami Hideki , Unno Michiaki , Sugiura Teiichi , Ohtsuka Masayuki , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Matsumoto Ippei , Kin Toshifumi , Isayama Hiroyuki , Hashimoto Daisuke , Seyama Yasuji , Nagano Hiroaki , Hakamada Kenichi , Hirano Satoshi , Nagakawa Yuichi , Mizuno Shugo , Takahashi Hidenori , Shibuya Kazuto , Sasanuma Hideki , Aoki Taku , Kohara Yuichiro , Rikiyama Toshiki , Nakamura Masafumi , Endo Itaru , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Horiguchi Akihiko , Hatori Takashi , Akita Hirofumi , Ueki Toshiharu , Idichi Tetsuya , Hanada Keiji , Suzuki Shuji , Okano Keiichi , Maehira Hiromitsu , Motoi Fuyuhiko , Fujino Yasuhiro , Tanno Satoshi , Yanagisawa Akio , Takeyama Yoshifumi , Okazaki Kazuichi , Satoi Sohei , Yamaue Hiroki
Published: March 2024

Background

Surgical resection is standard treatment for invasive intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma (IPMC); however, impact of multidisciplinary treatment on survival including postoperative adjuvant therapy (AT), neoadjuvant therapy (NAT), and treatment for recurrent lesions is unclear. We investigated the effectiveness of multidisciplinary treatment in prolonging survival of patients with invasive IPMC.

Methods

This retrospective multi‐institutional study included 1183 patients with invasive IPMC undergoing surgery at 40 academic institutions. We analyzed the effects of AT, NAT, and treatment for recurrence on survival of patients with invasive IPMC.

Results

Completion of the planned postoperative AT for 6 months improved the overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) of patients with stage IIB and stage III resected invasive IPMC, elevated preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19–9 level, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, serosal invasion, and lymph node metastasis on un‐matched and matched analyses. Of the patients with borderline resectable (BR) invasive IPMC, the OS (p = 0.001), DSS (p = 0.001), and RFS (p = 0.001) of patients undergoing NAT was longer than that of those without on the matched analysis. Of the 484 invasive IPMC patients (40.9%) who developed recurrence after surgery, the OS of 365 patients who received any treatment for recurrence was longer than that of those without treatment (40.6 vs. 22.4 months, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Postoperative AT might benefit selected patients with invasive IPMC, especially those at high risk of poor survival. NAT might improve the survivability of BR invasive IPMC. Any treatment for recurrence after surgery for invasive IPMC might improve survival.
Physics‐informed learning of chemical reactor systems using decoupling–coupling training framework
Authors: Wu Zhiyong , Li Mingjian , He Chang , Zhang Bingjian , Ren Jingzheng , Yu Haoshui , Chen Qinglin
Published: March 2024

It is known that physics‐informed learning become a new learning philosophy that has been applied in many scientific domains. However, this approach often struggles to achieve optimal performance in addressing the issue of multiphysics coupling. Here, for the first time, we extend this approach to modeling chemical reactor systems. We design a new decoupling–coupling training framework, which consists of decoupling pre‐training and multiphysics coupling training steps. With decoupling pre‐training, the complex physical domain is decomposed into subdomains of fluid flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer combined with reaction kinetics. Each subdomain is represented by a specialized neural network that can provide a coarse but reasonable distribution of network parameters for initializing the sub‐networks for the subsequent multiphysics coupling training. The capabilities of this approach, in comparison with the traditional CFD simulation, are demonstrated through an example of a plate reactor system with a heating cylinder.
Experimental study on the differences between bubble and drop breakages in agitated turbulent flows
Authors: Zhang Ling , Huang Zaifen , Fu Yuyu , Song Runci , Yi Zhengming , Zhou Yefeng , Han Luchang
Published: March 2024

The available experimental data focusing on the differences between bubble and drop breakages are still scarce in the literature. This work conducts the experiments of single bubble and single drop breakages in agitated turbulent flows. The effects of fluid particle size and agitation speed on daughter fragment number, breakage time, breakage probability, breakage frequency, and daughter size distribution (DSD) are analyzed. The breakage frequencies of bubble and drop show the monotonic and non‐monotonic variation trends with increasing fluid particle size, respectively. The variations of bubble and drop DSDs exhibit opposite trends, the probability of equal‐sized breakage of bubble increases while that of drop decreases when agitation speed or fluid particle size increases. These different trends cannot be predicted by most of the existing models simultaneously. The processes of elongation and internal flow redistribution during deformation may be the important factors causing these differences.
Mentorship for young gay men in Hong Kong: A pilot mixed‐methods randomized controlled trial
Authors: Huang Yu‐Te , Chong Eddie S. K. , Lau Chi‐Chung , Chow Leo Z.
Published: March 2024

This study examined whether mentorship could promote young gay men's identities and well‐being, and whether a mentor's sexual orientation matters. A randomized control trial compared outcomes across three conditions: Arm A (a mentee matched with a sexual minority mentor), Arm B (a mentee matched with a heterosexual mentor), and a control arm receiving psychoeducation only. A community sample of 60 mentees aged 18–25 years was randomly allocated to the three arms and completed questionnaires at baseline, 3 months into the intervention, and at the end of the 6‐month program. Fifteen mentees recounted their mentoring experiences through in‐depth interviews. Linear mixed effects models showed that for both intervention and control conditions, internalized homonegativity declined while resilience, loneliness, and body acceptance improved over time. No time and group interactions were found. Meanwhile, a mentor's sexual orientation did not drive differential quality and outcomes of mentorship. Interviewees cited various benefits of mentorship, including providing companionship, enriching connection with lesbian, gay, bisexual (LGB) communities, and adding knowledge and perspectives of LGB lives and identities. Although quantitative data did not support any exclusive benefits of mentorship, most mentees recognized mentorship as a vital source of affirmation and companionship. Implications for research and mentoring programs are discussed.
Deriving life‐course residential histories in brain bank cohorts: A feasibility study
Authors: Melcher Eleanna M. , Vilen Leigha , Pfaff Aly , Lim Sarah , DeWitt Amanda , Powell W. Ryan , Bendlin Barbara B. , Kind Amy J. H.
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION

The exposome is theorized to interact with biological mechanisms to influence risk for Alzheimer's disease but is not well‐integrated into existing Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC) brain bank data collection.

METHODS

We apply public data tracing, an iterative, dual abstraction and validation process rooted in rigorous historic archival methods, to develop life‐course residential histories for 1254 ADRC decedents.

RESULTS

The median percentage of the life course with an address is 78.1% (IQR 24.9); 56.5% of the sample has an address for at least 75% of their life course. Archivists had 89.7% agreement at the address level. This method matched current residential survey methodology 97.4% on average.

DISCUSSION

This novel method demonstrates feasibility, reproducibility, and rigor for historic data collection. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that public data tracing methods for brain bank decedent residential history development can be used to better integrate the social exposome with biobank specimens.

Highlights

Public data tracing compares favorably to survey‐based residential history.

Public data tracing is feasible and reproducible between archivists.

Archivists achieved 89.7% agreement at the address level.

This method identifies residences for nearly 80% of life‐years, on average.

This novel method enables brain banks to add social characterizations.
Elective surgery for liver injury and misinserted tube into the inferior vena cava associated with chest tube replacement: A case report
Authors: Homma Hiroshi , Uchibori Kenichiro , Kobori Fumimasa , Kawai Kentaro , Azuma Kazunari , Suzuki Shoji , Uchida Kotaro , Oda Jun
Published: March 2024

Background

Several reports on organ injury and death due to incorrect chest tube insertion exist; however, reports on the chest tube penetrating the liver and reaching the inferior vena cava are limited.

Case Presentation

A 79‐year‐old man presented with a clamped tube because of massive bleeding from the tube following right chest tube replacement in the hospital of origin. The tube entered the inferior vena cava from the hepatic parenchyma via the right hepatic vein and was removed 15 h later because his hemodynamics stabilized. A ruptured pseudoaneurysm necessitated further transcatheter arterial embolism on the second hospitalization day, and the patient was transferred back to the referring hospital on day 17.

Conclusion

Liver injury caused by an inferior vena cava misinsertion‐associated chest tube can be treated with elective surgery in anticipation of the tube's tamponade effect. However, due to the risk of rebleeding, imaging follow‐up is necessary soon after surgery.
Das Zöliakie‐Superantigen Oligomerisiert und Erhöht die Permeabilität in einem Enterozyten‐Zellmodell
Authors: Herrera Maria G. , Amundarain Maria J. , Dörfler Philipp W. , Dodero Veronica I.
Published: March 2024

Zöliakie (CeD) ist eine Autoimmunerkrankung, die durch Glutenproteine ausgelöst wird und von der etwa 1 % der Weltbevölkerung betroffen ist. Das 33‐mer deamidierte Gliadinpeptid (DGP) ist ein metabolisch modifiziertes Weizengluten‐Superantigen für CeD. Hier zeigen wir, dass das 33‐mer DGP spontan zu Oligomeren mit einem Durchmesser von etwa 24 nm aggregiert. Die 33‐mer‐DGP‐Oligomere weisen zwei sekundäre Hauptstrukturmotive auf: Eine große Polyprolin‐II‐Helix und eine kleine β‐Faltblattstruktur. Wichtig ist, dass in Anwesenheit von 33‐mer‐DGP‐Oligomeren eine statistisch signifikante Erhöhung der Permeabilität im Caco‐2 Darmepithelzellmodell auftritt, begleitet von einer Umverteilung von Zonula occludens‐1, einem Haupt‐Tight‐Junction‐Protein. Diese Ergebnisse bieten neue molekulare und supramolekulare Einblicke in die Auswirkungen von 33‐mer DGP bei CeD und unterstreichen die Bedeutung der Gliadin‐Peptid‐Oligomerisierung.
Radikalisierung von CO durch einkerniges Palladium(I)
Authors: Bruckhoff Tim , Ballmann Joachim , Gade Lutz H.
Published: March 2024

Ein einkerniges, T‐förmiges Palladium(I)‐d9‐ Metalloradikal (3), stabilisiert durch einen sterisch anspruchsvollen PNP‐Liganden mit Carbazolgerüst, wurde durch die Reduktion des Chloridokomplexes oder thermische Pd−C‐Bindungshomolyse des entsprechenden Neopentylkomplexes erhalten. Unter CO‐Druck bildete sich der Pd(I)‐Carbonylkomplex, der durch Röntgenbeugung strukturell charakterisiert wurde. Die Delokalisierung des ungepaarten Elektrons zum Carbonylkohlenstoff hin wurde durch EPR‐Spektroskopie nachgewiesen und durch DFT‐ und ab initio Methoden theoretisch modelliert. Das teilweise reduzierte und radikalisierte CO reagierte langsam mit Di(tert‐butyl)disulfid unter homolytischer S−S‐Spaltung und C−S‐Bindungsbildung zu dem entsprechenden Metallothioester.
The Influence of Ions on the Electrochemical Stability of Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Sui Yiming , Scida Alexis M. , Li Bo , Chen Cheng , Fu Yanke , Fang Yanzhao , Greaney P. Alex , Osborn Popp Thomas M. , Jiang De‐en , Fang Chong , Ji Xiulei
Published: March 2024

The electrochemical stability window of water is known to vary with the type and concentration of dissolved salts. However, the underlying influence of ions on the thermodynamic stability of aqueous solutions has not been fully understood. Here, we investigated the electrolytic behaviors of aqueous electrolytes as a function of different ions. Our findings indicate that ions with high ionic potentials, i.e., charge density, promote the formation of their respective hydration structures, enhancing electrolytic reactions via an inductive effect, particularly for small cations. Conversely, ions with lower ionic potentials increase the proportion of free water molecules—those not engaged in hydration shells or hydrogen‐bonding networks—leading to greater electrolytic stability. Furthermore, we observe that the chemical environment created by bulky ions with lower ionic potentials impedes electrolytic reactions by frustrating the solvation of protons and hydroxide ions, the products of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), respectively. We found that the solvation of protons plays a more substantial role than that of hydroxide, which explains a greater shift for OER than for HER, a puzzle that cannot be rationalized by the notion of varying O−H bond strengths of water. These insights will help the design of aqueous systems.
Experimental Evidence for Non‐Fermi‐Contact J Coupling Across Chalcogen Bonds in Ionic Salt Cocrystal Polymorphs
Authors: Nag Tamali , Terskikh Victor V. , Bryce David L.
Published: March 2024

A pair of novel polymorphic ionic cocrystals of 3,4‐dicyanotelluradiazole and tetraphenylphosphonium bromide are synthesized and are characterized by single‐crystal XRD. Strong and directional non‐covalent chalcogen bonds (ChB) between Te and Br are analyzed via solid‐state NMR to reveal large and anisotropic J(125Te,79/81Br) coupling tensors, providing unequivocal evidence for non‐Fermi contact contributions across ChBs. Along with large 79/81Br quadrupolar couplings for the Br− anions, these data provide new tools to characterize chalcogen bonds and to differentiate between ChB polymorphs.
The Stability of Hydrogen‐Bonded Ion‐Pair Complex Unexpectedly Increases with Increasing Solvent Polarity
Authors: Manna Debashree , Lo Rabindranath , Vacek Jaroslav , Miriyala Vijay Madhav , Bouř Petr , Wu Tao , Osifová Zuzana , Nachtigallová Dana , Dračinský Martin , Hobza Pavel
Published: March 2024

The generally observed decrease of the electrostatic energy in the complex with increasing solvent polarity has led to the assumption that the stability of the complexes with ion‐pair hydrogen bonds decreases with increasing solvent polarity. Besides, the smaller solvent‐accessible surface area (SASA) of the complex in comparison with the isolated subsystems results in a smaller solvation energy of the latter, leading to a destabilization of the complex in the solvent compared to the gas phase. In our study, which combines Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Infrared Spectroscopy experiments, quantum chemical calculations, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we question the general validity of this statement. We demonstrate that the binding free energy of the ion‐pair hydrogen‐bonded complex between 2‐fluoropropionic acid and n‐butylamine (CH3CHFCOO−…NH3But+) increases with increased solvent polarity. This phenomenon is rationalized by a substantial charge transfer between the subsystems that constitute the ion‐pair hydrogen‐bonded complex. This unexpected finding introduces a new perspective to our understanding of solvation dynamics, emphasizing the interplay between solvent polarity and molecular stability within hydrogen‐bonded systems.
The Celiac‐Disease Superantigen Oligomerizes and Increases Permeability in an Enterocyte Cell Model
Authors: Herrera Maria G. , Amundarain Maria J. , Dörfler Philipp W. , Dodero Veronica I.
Published: March 2024

Celiac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten proteins, affecting approximately 1 % of the global population. The 33‐mer deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP) is a metabolically modified wheat‐gluten superantigen for CeD. Here, we demonstrate that the 33‐mer DGP spontaneously assembles into oligomers with a diameter of approximately 24 nm. The 33‐mer DGP oligomers present two main secondary structural motifs–a major polyproline II helix and a minor β‐sheet structure. Importantly, in the presence of 33‐mer DGP oligomers, there is a statistically significant increase in the permeability in the gut epithelial cell model Caco‐2, accompanied by the redistribution of zonula occludens‐1, a master tight junction protein. These findings provide novel molecular and supramolecular insights into the impact of 33‐mer DGP in CeD and highlight the relevance of gliadin peptide oligomerization.
Highly Selective Acetylene‐to‐Ethylene Electroreduction Over Cd‐Decorated Cu Catalyst with Efficiently Inhibited Carbon‐Carbon Coupling
Authors: Wang Zeping , Li Chengyu , Peng Gongao , Shi Run , Shang Lu , Zhang Tierui
Published: March 2024

Electrochemical acetylene reduction (EAR) employing Cu catalysts represents an environmentally friendly and cost‐effective method for ethylene production and purification. However, Cu‐based catalysts encounter product selectivity issues stemming from carbon‐carbon coupling and other side reactions. We explored the use of secondary metals to modify Cu‐based catalysts and identified Cd decoration as particular effective. Cd decoration demonstrated a high ethylene Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 98.38 % with well‐inhibited carbon‐carbon coupling reactions (0.06 % for butadiene FE at −0.5 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode) in a 5 vol % acetylene gas feed. Notably, ethylene selectivity of 99.99 % was achieved in the crude ethylene feed during prolonged stability tests. Theoretical calculations revealed that Cd metal accelerates the water dissociation on neighboring Cu surfaces allowing more H* to participate in the acetylene semi‐hydrogenation, while increasing the energy barrier for carbon‐carbon coupling, thereby contributing to a high ethylene semi‐hydrogenation efficiency and significant inhibition of carbon‐carbon coupling. This study provides a paradigm for a deeper understanding of secondary metals in regulating the product selectivity of EAR electrocatalysts.
Enantioselective Hydrofunctionalization of Cyclobutenones: Total Synthesis of gem‐Dimethylcyclobutane Natural Products
Authors: Wang Shaowei , Zhong Changxu , Huang Yingchao , Lu Ping
Published: March 2024

Cyclobutanes with a gem‐dimethyl group are common motifs in natural products. However, strategies for constructing enantioenriched gem‐dimethyl cyclobutanes are still underdeveloped. Herein, we report an enantioselective approach to synthesize a broad group of chiral 2,3‐disubstituted cyclobutanones through sequential 1,4‐conjugate addition/trapping/cross‐coupling of readily available cyclobutenones. The intermediate 2‐bromocyclobutanone provides a valuable synthetic handle for further coupling transformations. In addition, this strategy was successfully utilized to synthesize gem‐dimethyl cyclobutane‐containing natural products, including (+)‐β‐caryophyllene, (−)‐raikovenal, (−)‐1β,9αH‐5‐linoleoyloxy‐4,5‐secocaryophyllen‐4‐one, and (−)‐rumphellanones A−C.
Dimethyl Carbonate Synthesis from CO2 over CeO2 with Electron‐Enriched Lattice Oxygen Species
Authors: Hou Guoqiang , Wang Qi , Xu Di , Fan Haifeng , Liu Kaidi , Li Yangyang , Gu Xiang‐Kui , Ding Mingyue
Published: March 2024

Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from CO2 plays an important role in carbon neutrality, but its efficiency is still far from the practical application, due to the limited understanding of the reaction mechanism and rational design of efficient catalyst. Herein, abundant electron‐enriched lattice oxygen species were introduced into CeO2 catalyst by constructing the point defects and crystal‐terminated phases in the crystal reconstruction process. Benefitting from the acid‐base properties modulated by the electron‐enriched lattice oxygen, the optimized CeO2 catalyst exhibited a much higher DMC yield of 22.2 mmol g‐1 than the reported metal‐oxide‐based catalysts at the similar conditions. Mechanistic investigations illustrated that the electron‐enriched lattice oxygen can provide abundant sites for CO2 adsorption and activation, and was advantageous of the formation of the weakly adsorbed active methoxy species. These were facilitating to the coupling of methoxy and CO2 for the key *CH3OCOO intermediate formation. More importantly, the weakened adsorption of *CH3OCOO on the electron‐enriched lattice oxygen can switch the rate‐determining‐step (RDS) of DMC synthesis from *CH3OCOO formation to *CH3OCOO dissociation, and lower the corresponding activation barriers, thus giving rise to a high performance. This work provides insights into the underlying reaction mechanism for DMC synthesis from CO2 and methanol and the design of highly efficient catalysts.
CeOx‐induced oxygen vacancy‐enhanced Pt‐based titanium silicalite‐1 catalysts for selective conversion of levulinic acid
Authors: Li Jinghan , Li Da , Yu Pingping , Wang Yanyun , Bao Jiehua , Sheng Xiaoli , Zhang Yiwei , Zhou Yuming
Published: March 2024

The selective conversion of levulinic acid (LA) obtained from lignocellulosic biomass represents a crucial pathway for producing the key value‐added chemical compound γ‐valerolactone (GVL). Herein, we constructed a series of Pt‐based titanium‐silicalite‐1 (TS‐1) bifunctional catalysts modified with rare earth metal Ce through a simple spin‐coating impregnation method, and the catalytic performance was significantly improved compared to the unmodified Pt1.2/TS‐1. Pt0.7‐Ce0.5/TS‐1 exhibited the best aqueous‐phase catalytic activity (with a GVL yield of 99.4%). The introduction of CeOx can reduce the particle size of Pt nanoparticles and promote the formation of electron‐rich Pt species while delivering abundant oxygen vacancies (OV) for the catalysts. The characterization and testing results highlight the synergistic effect of OV and electron‐rich Pt sites on the oriented adsorption and selective hydrogenation of LA, providing new insights into constructing more efficient noble metal‐based zeolite catalysts for biomass conversion.
Toward the production of biopolyethylene‐based ecocomposites with improved performance: The potential of eggshell particles as an ecological additive
Authors: Bezerra Elieber Barros , Wellen Renate Maria Ramos , Barreto Luna Carlos Bruno , da Silva Barbosa Ferreira Eduardo , do Nascimento Emanuel Pereira , Araújo Edcleide Maria
Published: March 2024

Low‐density biopolyethylene (BioLDPE) ecocomposites added with particles of eggshell (ES) residue were produced using linear low‐density polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (LDPE‐g‐MA) as a compatibilizing agent. BioLDPE/ES and BioLDPE/ES/LDPE‐g‐MA compounds were processed in a twin‐screw extruder, and the specimens were injection molded. Torque rheometry increased and melt flow index reduced more prominently for the BioLDPE/LDPE‐g‐MA biocomposite with 20 phr ES, suggesting higher viscosity. Consequently, there was a higher level of ES particles breakdown, generating greater distribution and dispersion, as verified in optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images. This finding was supported by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, considering the intense absorption band at 871 cm−1 for BioLDPE/ES (20 phr)/LDPE‐g‐MA biocomposite, indicating a higher level of ES particles dispersion in BioLDPE matrix. Therefore, BioLDPE/ES (20 phr)/LDPE‐g‐MA biocomposite increased the elastic modulus, tensile strength, Shore D hardness, and heat deflection temperature by 51.4%, 16.9%, 16.4%, and 14, 6%, respectively, related to BioLDPE. Additionally, the flexibility was kept as seen in the elongation at break and impact strength, including not fractured during the impact test. Reported results for the biocomposites are valuable mainly for the polymer additive sector, since the ES has the potential to improve BioLDPE properties, expanding the range of applications.
Myeloablation Followed by Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Long‐Term Normalization of Systemic Sclerosis Molecular Signatures
Authors: Wareing Nancy , Wang Xuan , Keyes‐Elstein Lynette , Goldmuntz Ellen A. , Lyons Marka A. , McSweeney Peter , Furst Daniel E. , Nash Richard A. , Crofford Leslie J. , Welch Beverly , Pinckney Ashley , Mayes Maureen D. , Sullivan Keith M. , Assassi Shervin
Published: March 2024

Objective

In the randomized Scleroderma: Cyclophosphamide or Transplantation (SCOT) trial, myeloablation, followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), led to the normalization of systemic sclerosis (SSc) peripheral blood cell (PBC) gene expression signature at the 26‐month visit. Herein, we examined long‐term molecular changes ensuing 54 months after randomization for individuals receiving an HSCT or 12 months of intravenous cyclophosphamide (CYC).

Methods

Global PBC transcript studies were performed in study participants at pretreatment baseline and at 38 months and 54 months after randomization, as well as in healthy controls using Illumina HT‐12 arrays.

Results

Thirty (HSCT = 19 and CYC = 11) participants had 38‐month samples available, and 26 (HSCT = 16 and CYC = 11) had 54‐month samples available. In the paired comparison to baseline, a significant down‐regulation of interferon modules and an up‐regulation of cytotoxic/natural killer module were observed at the 38‐month and 54‐month visits in the HSCT arm, indicating a long‐term normalization of baseline SSc gene expression signature. No differentially expressed modules were detected in the CYC arm. In comparison to samples from healthy controls, 38‐month visit samples in the HSCT arm showed an up‐regulation of B cell and plasmablast modules and a down‐regulation of myeloid and inflammation modules. Importantly, 54‐month HSCT samples did not show any differentially expressed modules compared to healthy control samples, suggesting completion of immune reconstitution. Participants in the CYC arm continued to show an SSc transcript signature in comparison to controls at both time points.

Conclusion

Paralleling the observed clinical benefit, HSCT leads to durable long‐term normalization of the molecular signature in SSc, with completion of immune resetting to 54 months after HSCT.

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