bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From the model reader to the limits of interpretation
Authors: Pisanty Valentina
Published: July 2015

This paper discusses the role of the reader as developed by Umberto Eco in numerous instances: Lector in fabula (1979), I limiti dell’interpretazione (1990, The Limits of Interpretation), Interpretation and Overinterpretation (1992) and Dire quasi la stessa cosa (2003, Mouse or Rat? Translation as Negotiation). According to Eco, the interpretation of a text implies the grasping of the intentio operis by way of the intentio lectoris. Yet, the question to be asked is: what is the intentio operis and how can it be known? This is especially cogent since such intention is not explicit at the superficial level of the text but, rather, by way of various clues and suggestions that are disseminated throughout the text that the reader is actively involved in recognizing while eventually developing a specific interpretation of the text itself.
Regionalization as a Response to the Problems of Fragmentation in the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Bilek AJ
Published: July 2015

The three-fold purpose of criminal law and the criminal justice system is to protect the citizens of our country from the harmful acts of their fellow citizens; to provide a just, appropriate, efficient, and effective mechanism for responding to those anti-social acts which may occur; and to provide rehabilitation as well as punishment for offenders. Today in the United States it is clear that the law is not accomplishing its purpose.
Role of Toxicology in Suicide Evaluation
Authors: Blanke RV
Published: July 2015

It is a well-known and often stated fact that the typical suicide case is a white male, married, and between the ages of 45 and 60 years. Any forensic toxicologist who has taken the trouble to inquire as to the age, sex, and race of the suicide cases on which he is conducting toxicological tests, would probably have the impression that a typical suicide would fall into a category other than that stated above. In Virginia, certainly, it has been our experience that most suicides by ingestion of a toxic substance were committed by females, rather than males, marital status being uncertain, but the age probably lower than that for the general suicide population. Not until 1972 when the publication of the Vital Statistics of the United States for 1968 [1] became available, was it possible to look critically at the nature of the suicide population, particularly those due to ingestion of solid and liquid substances. For the first time in that year, a breakdown by age and sex was made, which enabled correlations to be made with suicides in general, suicides by ingestion of solid and liquid substances, suicides by ingestion of drugs, or suicides by exposure to carbon monoxide.
The Adversary System: Role of the Psychiatrist
Authors: Tuchler MI
Published: July 2015

Forensic psychiatry as a specialty is nonexistent. There is no such sub-specialty recognized within the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. Equally as startling within the adversary system is the selection of the so-called forensic psychiatrist. The defense attorney has the choice of several varieties of psychiatrists upon whom to depend for psychiatric expertise within the adversary system. He may call upon a professional psychiatric witness who devotes his primary effort on the courtroom appearance. Or he may select a legally sophisticated but non-trained physician with some degree of psychiatric knowledge. Neither of these professionals has either competence or credibility. Emanuel Tanay properly says, the suspicious attitudes of the general public and lawyers toward the forensic pseudo-psychiatrist are, therefore, understandable.
Rapid Neutron Activation Analysis for Gunshot Residue Determination
Authors: McFarland RC , McLain ME
Published: July 2015

A recent review of neutron activation analysis (NAA) applications in forensic science by Guinn has again focused attention on the utility of barium and antimony determinations on residues removed from the hands as indication of recent gun firing by the individual. This method has been well established and is in routine use by state, local, and federal law enforcement groups in the United States and by governmental agencies in other countries. Increasing use of this technique has made reduction in sample analysis time imperative.
The Legislation of Firearms in Denmark
Authors: Hansen JPH , Nyholm PE
Published: July 2015

Until 1918 Denmark had no official regulations concerning import, production, and possession of firearms and ammunition. Former police regulations, however, contained prohibitions against the use of firearms in public places and wherever they might endanger or impede human safety. A limitation in the right to carry arms was also implied in a constitutional provision concerning actions of universal danger.
Sudden Death in Association with the Ballooning Posterior Mitral Leaflet Syndrome
Authors: Marshall CE , Shappell SD
Published: July 2015

The ballooning posterior mitral leaflet syndrome was unrecognized as an anatomic or clinical entity until Barlow's initial description in 1963 [1]. Associated sudden death and familial occurrence have been clearly demonstrated [2–4], but despite this the significance of the syndrome as a cause of sudden death has not been sufficiently disseminated or appreciated.
New Method for the Collection and Analysis of Gunshot Residues as Forensic Evidence
Authors: Pillay KKS , Jester WA , Fox HA
Published: July 2015

The detection of firearm discharge residues is of great importance in various criminal investigations involving the use of a firearm. One of the procedures introduced in the early 1930s was the “diphenylamine-sulfuric acid dermal nitrate test” on paraffin casts for the presence of nitrites and nitrates from gunpowder discharge residues. However, the limitations of these procedures were pointed out in 1935 and later in 1940 by the Federal Bureau of Investigation [1,2]. In spite of the known limitations of this procedure, the use of diphenylamine tests to detect gunpowder residues continued because of the lack of other suitable test procedures to satisfy this need in criminal investigations. In 1959, Harrison and Gilroy [3] demonstrated the presence of barium (Ba), antimony (Sb), and lead (Pb) in the firearm discharge residues and devised qualitative chemical tests to identify the presence of these elements, thus offering a unique new method to detect gunshot residues. Because of the limitations in the sensitivity of the colorimetric reactions used to detect Ba, Sb, and Pb, there was no widespread adoption of this method to replace the classical “diphenylamine test.” The continued use of this test to identify gunshot residues is of great concern and this concern was eloquently expressed by practicing forensic chemists Cowan and Purdon [4]. Because of the rapid increase in new products for consumers, numerous materials around a person's environment can develop a positive reaction to the diphenylamine tests. This fact is now generally recognized, although the use of the diphenylamine test has not been altogether abandoned.
Európai és távol-keleti gyógynövények és kivonatok fémelemtartalom-vizsgálata
Authors: Süle Krisztina , Kurucz Dóra , Kajári Ágnes , May Zoltán
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Metal elements and their excess intake have significant influence on general health. Aim: There is only little information how Far Eastern herbs resemble European’s regarding their purity and essential metal element content. The aim of the authors was to determine metal elements in different Chinese and European herbs and extracts. Method: The studied European herbs included Calendula officinalis petals, Achillea millefolium, Epilobium parviflorum herba, Urtica dioica leaves, Crataegus monogyna flowers while Far Eastern herbs were Cordyceps sinensis, Ganoderma lucidum, Ginkgo biloba leaves, Panax ginseng and Curcuma longa roots. The analysis was performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Results: There was no considerable difference in essential metal elements and the Ca:Mg concentration ratio between European and Far Eastern drugs and extracts. Conclusions: The extracts are preferential metal element sources and their magnesium content are also advantageous, because of a shift of the Ca:Mg concentration ratio towards magnesium. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(31), 1261–1269.
MARINE ACOUSTIC SIMULATION MODEL AND ITS APPLICATION TO UNDERWATER ACTIVITIES IN THE VIETNAM’S SEA
Authors: Thao Nguyen Van , Toan Du Van
Published: July 2015

The basic researches on hydroacoustics in Vietnam are very limited, especially in the field of sound propagation simulation, while the world has many researches and positive application in underwater activities and marine fishery. Consequently, there is now a shortage of information to visualize the importance of sound propagation in the sea. In Vietnam, these is a growing need to secure the safety of the equipment, submarine, fishery and systematically arrange the hydroacoustic means in orher to provide and obtain the best hydroacoustic information, as well as to avoid detection of the enemy. The underwater acoustic channel has been indentified off Central Vietnam at 1260 m depth and acoustic speed is 1490 cm/s. This report presents research methods and acoustic simulation models, together with the simulation results that ensure the reliability sound through the underwater acoustic channel.
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF JACKET TYPE OFFSHORE STRUCTURE UNDER IMPACT OF WAVE AND WIND USING STOKE’S SECOND ORDER WAVE THEORY
Authors: Chung Nguyen Thai , Anh Le Hoang
Published: July 2015

This paper presents finite element algorithms and dynamic analysis of the jacket type offshore structure under water wave and wind impact by using stoke’s second order wave theory. The result of the paper is the scientific basis for the calculation, design and selection of the appropriate parameters, the study contributes to the optimization of fixed offshore structures such as buildings DKI, serving defense, security and contributing to improving the capacity to defend Vietnam’s sovereignty over seas and islands.
Extranjerización e internacionalización de las burguesías latinoamericanas: el caso argentino
Authors: Schorr Martín , Wainer Andrés
Published: July 2015

El presente trabajo analiza el proceso de extranjerización de la economía argentina sucedido a partir de 1990, dentro de la denominada posconvertibilidad (2002 en adelante).Tomando como referencia las tendencias a la internacionalización productiva prevalecientes a nivel mundial y regional, se indaga principalmente sobre las formas en las queha sido asumido este proceso en las fracciones predominantes del capital local.
Transitional Justice and Peacebuilding on the Ground. Victims and excombatants de Chandra Lekha Sriram, Jemima García-Godos et al. (eds.)
Authors: Benítez Jiménez Maira Ixchel
Published: July 2015

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Hazelnut oil production using pressing and supercritical CO2 extraction
Authors: Jokic Stela , Moslavac Tihomir , Aladic Krunoslav , Bilic Mate , Ackar Djurdjica , Subaric Drago
Published: July 2015

In the hazelnut oil production it is very important to find an appropriate
method to recover the oil from kernels. The objective of this study was to
evaluate the oil extraction process from hazelnuts by screw pressing followed
by extraction with supercritical CO2. The effects of temperature head
presses, frequency and nozzle size in pressing experiments on oil temperature
and recovery were monitored. The optimal pressing condition using response
surface methodology was determined. In obtained hazelnut oil the following
quality parameters were determined: peroxide value 0 mmol O2/kg, free fatty
acids 0.23%, insoluble impurities 0.42%, moisture content 0.045%, iodine
value 91.55 g I2/100 g, saponification value 191.46 mg KOH/g and p-anisidine
value 0.19. Rosemary extract was the most effective in protecting the oil
from oxidative deterioration. The residual oil that remained in the cake
after pressing was extracted totally with supercritical CO2 and such defatted
cake, free of toxic solvents, can be used further in other processes.
Prediction of tunneling hazardous geological zones using the active seismic approach
Authors: Jiao Yu‐Yong , Tian Hu‐Nan , Liu Yun‐Zhen , Mei Ru‐Wu , Li Hai‐Bo
Published: July 2015

This paper presents a seismic method and a newly developed device to predict the hazardous geological zones ahead of a tunnel face. The equipment used to predict hazardous geological zones consists of three components: the seismic source, the acquisition unit, and the data processing unit. The following features enable this device to be a valuable tool in predicting hazardous geological zones: the precise trigger time detection; the application of semi‐liquid couplant, which improves geophone coupling with the surrounding rock; the filtering of the prominent tunnel acoustic wave interference; and a software package of information on hazardous geological zones. Through extensive detection exercises of hazardous geological zones in the excavations of nearly 100 tunnel projects in China, it has been demonstrated that this device can satisfactorily predict hazardous geological zones, such as faults, water‐bearing zones, karst caverns, etc., within 150 m in front of the tunnel faces.
Effects of Activator on the Properties of Brick Powder Foam Concrete
Authors: Liu Xiang , Li Yuan Jun
Published: July 2015

The main chemical composition of waste brick is silicon dioxide,by means of chemical can stimulate its activity.In this experiment, gypsum, lime sodium hydroxide as activators,through the testing and research about the properties of compressive strength, dry density, water absorption of brick powder foam concrete,analyse the influence of three activators on the properties of foam concrete.The test results show that the:Mixing about 25% lime can guarantee the dry apparent density on the basis of compressive strength increases;Mixing 20% gypsum can make the strength and dry apparent density relatively stable;The incorporation of NaOH make the foam concrete appear quick setting,so it should not be used alone as activator.
Influence of Stiffness Weakening at Construction Joints on the Deflection of Cantilevering-Cast Prestressed Concrete Box Girder
Authors: Li Hong Jiang
Published: July 2015

For a long-span prestressed concrete box-girder bridge erected by the double-cantilever segmental method, concrete of segmental joints and concrete in their nearby area may be different from integrally-cast concrete in structural performances. For example, the stiffness of segmental joints could be weakened significantly. To reveal influences of weakening in the stiffness of segmental joints on the deflection at mid-span of box girder, a typical continuous rigid frame bridge in China was taken as the analysis example, and its finite element models were established. In these models, weakening joints were simulated. After the validity of finite element models were warranted, the deflection in the completed construction stage and the long-term deflection in the running period of box girder were calculated, and then the variation of these deflections with the stiffness reduction in all segmental joints was described. Results showed that, compared with the shearing stiffness reduction in segmental joints, the bending stiffness reduction played more significant role in affecting the deflection of box girder. When the weakening times of joint stiffness arrived at 100, deflection values of the box girder increased significantly. However, in the practical engineering, the determination of stiffness reduction in segmental joints according by their damages, and the incorporation of weakening segmental joints into the bearing capacity assessment for existing box girders were all worth further study.
Experimental Studies of Alternating and Direct Current Impedance Properties of Ag/AgCl Electrodes
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhou Wei , Li Ming Gang , Qiu Qing Fu , Liu Rui Liang , Lin Wei Song , Song Rong
Published: July 2015

Ag/AgCl electrodes as an important sensor are used in modern clinical detection and biomedical measurement, which have been widely applied in electrocardiograph (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyography (EMG), electricity impedance technology (EIT) and so on. In this study, the electrode pairs were gel-to-gel connected. After a stimulating current, the alternating current (AC) or the direct current (DC), was injected through the electrode pair, the electrical potential was recorded, then impedance data of Ag/AgCl electrode was obtained. The results showed that the AC impedance of electrode increased, and then gradually decreased with the increase of current size. It was found that the DC impedance data of Ag/AgCl electrode was changed greatly after the electrode pair was injected into the alternating current. With the long time continuous measurement, the AC impedance of electrode pair gradually increased within the 12 hours. However, the significant fluctuations of AC impedance were observed after 12 hours. Comparing with the AC impedance, the DC impedance of electrode pair exhibited a great increase with the increase of measurement time.
Investigation on Elevated-Temperature Wear Resistance of Thermal Oxidation Coating on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Zhou Yin , Zhang Qiu Yang , Wang Feng , Wang Shu Qi
Published: July 2015

An oxidation coating on Ti-6Al-4V alloy was prepared by thermal oxidation and subsequent vacuum diffusion. The wear performance of the coating at elevated temperature was evaluated on a pin-on-disc high temperature wear tester under 50-300 N at 400°C. The results showed that the hardened coating with a thickness of 250 μm was produced on Ti-6Al-4V alloy. It was found that the elevated-temperature wear resistance of the coating was remarkably improved, compared with uncoated Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The oxidation coating on Ti-6Al-4V alloy presented extremely low wear losses. The excellent wear resistance of the coating could be attributed to high hardness of coating and its strong bond with substrate. Delamination wear was predominant wear mechanism during dry sliding at 400 °C.
Influence of Substrate Preparation Method on the Morphologies of TiO2 Sol-Gel Derived Coatings
Authors: Mezinskis Gundars , Larionova Darja , Pludons Arturs , Grase Liga
Published: July 2015

Most studies devoted to the development of nanostructured TiO2 coatings focus mainly on the nanostructures obtained and bulk properties of material. Nanostructured TiO2 sol-gel films were prepared on a mechanic-chemical and ultrasound cleaned glass substrates. Atomic force and field emission scanning electron microscopy results confirmed fast contamination of cleaned substrates. The analysis of obtained results indicated that soda-lime silicate glass substrate cleaning method could be used to tailor the formation of TiO2 sol-gel coatings nanostructure.
Sol-Gel Synthesis of Functional Nanostructured Materials for Electronic Devices
Authors: Rogachev Alexander , Luca Dumitru , Gaishun Vladimir , Semchenko Alina , Sidsky Vitaly , Tyulenkova Olga , Kovalenko Dmitry
Published: July 2015

The possibility of functional nanostructured materials for electronic devices synthesis by sol-gel method have been discussed such as ferroelectrics (SrBi2(TaxNb1-x)2O9) , ferromagnetics (FexCoyOz) and semiconductors (ZnO). The structural features of the surface (AFM), crystallization behavior (XRD) during the heating and properties of synthesized films are discussed. Achieved parameters suggest the possibility of using synthesized SBTN sol-gel films in non-volatile memory devices, semiconductors active ZnO layers in solar sells, ferromagnetics FexCoyOzfilms in radioabsorbing covers.
Growth Time Effect on the Structural and Sub-Structural Properties of Chemically-Deposited ZnO Films
Authors: Berestok Taisiia O. , Kurbatov Denys I. , Opanasyuk Anatoliy S. , Cabot Andreu , Cheong Hyeon Sik
Published: July 2015

Nanostructured ZnO films are obtained by chemical bath deposition from zinc nitrate, hexamethylenetetramine and ammonia. The evolution of the structural and sub-structural properties of the films is characterized using high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis. In particular, we detail here the influence of condensation time on the crystal phase, texture quality, lattice constants, grain size, coherent scattering domain size (CSD), microstrain, stress and concentration of dislocations. Obtained condensates have the wurtzite structure with lattice parameters in the rangea= 0.3248-0.3254 nm andc= 0.5206-0.5214 nm, depending on the condensation time. The grain size and microstrain in the direction perpendicular to the crystallographic planes (002) are in the rangeL~ 26-42 nm andε~ (0.59-3.09)·10-3, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of deposition time on microstrain, stress and concentration of dislocations in the layers is established. By adjusting the condensation time, we are able to produce ZnO films with controlled structural properties: from nanorods to continuous nanostructured films.
Hydrothermally Synthesized Strontium Peroxyapatite
Authors: Osīte Agnese , Gross Kārlis Agris , Viksna Arturs , Poplausks Raimons
Published: July 2015

The current research focuses on peroxide ion incorporation in the structure of strontium hydroxyapatite (SrHAp) by exposure to H2O2 ina closed hydrothermal vessel under mild conditions at 130 to 170 °C. Peroxide enriched strontium apatite (SrPerAp) was characterized for structure by X-Ray diffraction, for peroxide content- by permanganometric titration and then viewed by SEM. This study continued from previous work that used 30%H2O2 and showed a higher included peroxide content after processing with 50% H2O2 at 130 °C 70% of the theoretical peroxide content in apatitic channels of strontium apatite. This is the highest peroxide content incorporated to date and employs a lower temperature than heating at 1300 °C.
Seebeck Coefficient of Ge-on-Insulator Layers Fabricated by Direct Wafer Bonding Process
Authors: Manimuthu Veerappan , Yoshida Shoma , Suzuki Yuhei , Salleh Faiz , Arivanandhan Mukannan , Kamakura Yoshinari , Hayakawa Yasuhiro , Ikeda Hiroya
Published: July 2015

We investigate thermoelectric characteristics of SiGe nanostructures for realizing high-sensitive infrared photodetector applications. In this paper, for future Ge and SiGe nanowires, we fabricate p-type Ge-on-insulator (GOI) substrates by a direct wafer bonding process. We discuss the annealing effect on the GOI substrate in the process and measure its Seebeck coefficient in the temperature range of 290-350 K. The Seebeck coefficient of the GOI layers is almost identical with the reported values for Ge. This result confirms that the measured Seebeck coefficient of GOI layers is not influenced by the buried oxide (BOX) layer and the Si substrate.
Biocompatible Microcapsule of Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Chitosan as Drug Carrier
Authors: Wang Fei Jun , Lu Fang Shu , Cui Meng , Shao Zi Qiang
Published: July 2015

The biocompatible microcapsule of carboxymethyl cellulose/chitosan is obtained through two steps: firstly, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan (CS) layer-by-layer self-assemble onto melamine formaldehyde (MF) microspheres; secondly, MF template is removed. The electrostatic interaction between CMC and CS, solution ionic strength and growth of LbL membrane are investigated by IR spectra and UV-vis spectra. The morphology and size of hollow microcapsules is observed by SEM and TEM. The results show that the hollow microcapsules are spherical shape with a little distortion and the shell average thickness of one bilayer of CMC/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex was 25 nm. The result for drug delivery and release experiments, tetracycline is as the drug model, shows that tetracycline is encapsulated with a high drug loading efficiency and could be sustained release.
Enhancement of Luminescence of YPO4:Eu3+,Yb3+ Nanophosphor Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Zhu Jiang Ming , Hu Jun Mei , Hao Jin Long , Wang Ai Yin , Pan Yue Xiao
Published: July 2015

YPO4 nanowires (NWs) and nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized by hydrothermal methods respectively in the absence and presence of EDTA. The Eu3+ and Yb3+ codoped YPO4 NWs and NPs prepared directly from hydrothermal systems show efficient red down-conversion luminescence (DL) and upconversion luminescence (UL) at room temperature without further annealing process. EDTA plays a critical role in controlling the morphologies of YPO4 nanocrystals in hydrothermal systems and enhances both the DL and UL intensities of Eu3+ by the factor of 100%. Monodispersed Eu3+ and Yb3+ codoped YPO4 NPs will be a new candidate for application in infrared displays and biological labels.
Analysis of Pollutant Emissions of Diesel Engine Operating with Mixture of Diesel, Biodiesel and Natural Gas
Authors: da Silva Fernando José , de Lima Antônio Gilson Barbosa , da Costa Yoge Jerônimo Ramos , Filho Celso Rosendo Bezerra
Published: July 2015

The aim of this research is to study the pollutant emissions of the commercial diesel engine, operating with B5 (commercial diesel), B70, B80, B90 and natural gas. The fuel used in the engine consists of a mixture of 15% diesel and biodiesel (liquid fuel) and 85% natural gas. Experiments were made using 40, 60 and 80 kW load. The engine was instrumented to obtain the temperature, air, gas and diesel (plus biodiesel) flow rates, the air pressure at the entrance of the engine, the lubricant oil temperature, and the concentration of exhaust gases during each experimental test. It was verified that the emission of NOx, NO and CO2 had decreased while the emissions of CO and SO2 had increased, when compared to the conditions using standard diesel (B5) alone.
Effective Modeling of Phenomena in Over-Moisture Zone Existing in Porous Sand Mould Using the Simplified Simulation Systems Applied in Foundry
Authors: Ignaszak Zenon , Popielarski Paweł
Published: July 2015

The problem concerns the thermo-physical properties of the mould material to which the liquid metal is poured (foundry industry). In the foundry processes the sand mould fulfils an auxiliary role only as technological tool, but its physical and technological properties determine the quality of the casting. The study includes the iron plate casting experiments poured in multi-component porous sand mould. The temperature fields of casting and in different zones of the mould were recorded. The determining of the thermo-physical properties of mould sand in over-moisture zone using simulation tests in Procast system was the goal of our study. An originality of the related research is an attempt to take into account the effects of the global thermal phenomena occurring in the quartz sand bonded by bentonite-water binder, using the apparent thermal coefficients. The majority of foundry simulation systems are not capable to modeling the phase transformation of water into vapor, vapor transport and its condensation in porous media (mould). In these cases the application of apparent coefficients is an effective way.
The Synthesis of Pseudoboehmite Using Factorial Experimental Design
Authors: Munhoz Antonio Hortêncio , Masson T.J. , de Miranda Leila Figueiredo , Cabral Neto A. , Andrades Raphael Cons , Rossi Maura Vincenza
Published: July 2015

Different samples of pseudoboehmite were synthesized through the sol-gel process, using aluminum nitrate as precursor. The influence of variables on the product of the synthesis of pseudoboehmite was studied. The variables were the ageing temperature (25 and 130°C), addition or not of polyvinyl alcohol to the precursor solution and the ageing time of the PB. The pH adjustment of the precursor solution was made by using ammonium carbonate. The pseudoboehmites, which were obtained on different conditions, were then characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis (Differential Thermal Analysis and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis) and the desorption-absorption curves were obtained as well, in order to measure the pore volume of the samples and the specific surface area measurements through the BET method. Finally, the results were analyzed through an experimental factorial planning, which showed that high specific surface area pseudoboehmite was obtained.
Biodiesel Production via Transesterification: Effect of the Types of Oil/Alcohol and Alcohol Concentrations on Settling Behaviour of Byproduct of Glycerol
Authors: Rattanapoltee Panida , Poomprasit Dollaporn , Kewkannetra Pakawadee
Published: July 2015

Typically, biodiesel is produced via a chemical reaction called as transesterification of triglycerides obtained from oil crops and animal fat with some kinds of acidic or alkali catalyst and various kinds of alcohol such as methanol, ethanol and even butanol. In this work, some effects of the types of oil/alcohol and alcohol concentrations on the settling behaviour of glycerol, a byproduct obtained during biodiesel production is investigated. The reaction was performed using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a catalyst with a reaction temperature (60 oC) and 20 min for the reaction time. The biodiesel yield and the byproduct obtained from each experiment were separated and observed. An equal ratio of the biodiesel and the glycerol was again vigorously remixed. Hereafter, the settling behaviour of glycerol was observed. The results revealed that the settling time was reduced significantly as the alcohol concentration increased. In addition, when a mixture of two types of alcohol is applied, synergetic effect of the mixed alcohols reduced the settling time of the byproduct of glycerol.
Numerical Analysis of the Resin Transfer Molding Process via PAM-RTM Software
Authors: Oliveira I.R. , Amico Sandro Campos , Souza J.A. , de Lima Antônio Gilson Barbosa
Published: July 2015

This work aims to investigate the infiltration of a CaCO3filled resin in fibrous porous media (resin transfer molding process) using the PAM-RTM software. A preform of glass fiber mat (fraction 30%), with dimensions 320 x 150 x 3.6 mm, has been used in rectilinear injection experiments conducted at room temperature and injection pressure 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 bar. The polyester resin contain 0% and 40% CaCO3. The numerical results were evaluated by direct comparison with experimental data. The flat flow-front profile of the rectilinear flow was reached approximately half length of the mold. It was observed, that the both velocity infiltration and permeability have decreased with increasing the CaCO3content, thus, increasing the time to processing of the composite material.
Determination and Display of Safe Ship Trajectories in Collision Situations at Sea
Authors: Lisowski Józef
Published: July 2015

In this paper, game and optimization theory is applied to the marine navigation in congested waters. The process of game ship control is mentioned first, and then the base model and the approximated models are described with the simulation results. For each approximated model of the dynamic game, an appropriate method of safe control to support the navigator decision in a collision situations has been assigned. The considerations have been illustrated an examples of a computer simulation of several algorithms to determine the safe ship's trajectory in situations of passing many of the ships encountered, recorded on the radar screen in real navigational situation at sea.
Concept of Engine Vibration Monitoring System
Authors: Burdzik Rafał , Folęga Piotr , Konieczny Łukasz , Młynczak Jakub
Published: July 2015

The paper presents concept of engine vibration monitoring system dedicated for all kind means of transport. Based on nature of vibration phenomena the scope of the possibilities of usage of vibration become very wide. The procedure of vibration measurements allow to conduct constant registration without invasion into construction into mechanism. These are non-destructive methods. Due to all these advantages and very difficult environment of engine in means of transport the application of vibration methods for engine monitoring system become very popular. The paper presents some exemplary results of vibration registration on the block of the engine.
Identification of Engine Operation States Using Advanced Signal Analysis Methods
Authors: Konieczny Łukasz , Burdzik Rafał , Folęga Piotr , Młynczak Jakub
Published: July 2015

The article provides a discussion concerning the potential for applying advanced methods of vibroacoustic signal processing for the purposes of identification of a combustion engine state. It contains example results of vibration measurements on the passenger car combustion engine in three directions. The research was conducted on stopping vehicle, for different pre-set values of the engine rotational speed. The results of preliminary tests focused on the potential use in the diagnostics of engine operation.
Influence of the Instantaneous Angular Speed (IAS) of Marine Diesel Engine on its Indication Results
Authors: Łutowicz Marek , Cuper-Przybylska Dominika
Published: July 2015

The paper presents a method of transforming the time axis to the axis of the crank angle rotation based on the pressure measured in time domain and simplified model of the engine dynamics. Indicating is to register the pressure in synchronism with the engine crank angle rotation. Usually in the ad hoc measurements the crankshaft rotation angle transducer is avoided, and the measurements are performed in time domain. For further analysis time axis is transformed for crank angle axis on the base of linear transform. Pressure waveforms obtained during the research were subject of the described transform. During the research instantaneous angular speed (IAS) of the engine crankshaft has been changed by reducing fuel dosage to selected cylinders. Mean indicated pressure (MIP) was calculated. Values o pressure on the begging and the end of compression, opening and closing angles of valves were also determined.
Crescimento e nutrição mineral do nim (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) e cinamomo (Melia azedarach Linn.) submetidos à salinidade.
Authors: Freire Antonio Lucineudo de Oliveira , Sousa Filho Gilberto Marinho de , Miranda José Romilson Paes de , Souto Patrícia Carneiro , Araújo Lúcio Valério Coutinho de
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos da salinidade do solo no crescimento e no acúmulo de macronutrientes e de sódio em nim (Azadirachta indica) e cinamomo (Melia azedarach). O experimento foi disposto em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2 x 4, sendo duas espécies (nim e cinamomo) e quatro níveis de salinidade (Condutividade elétrica (C.E.) 0,49 (solo não salino); 4,15; 6,33 e 10,45 dS m-1), com 4 repetições. As plantas cresceram inicialmente em tubetes e, 60 dias após a emergência, foram transferidas para vasos contendo 3 kg de substrato [solo + esterco (2:1)], de acordo com o tratamento de salinidade. Após 45 dias foram avaliadas altura das plantas, matéria seca (folhas, caule, parte aérea (caule + folhas), raízes e total) e acúmulo de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S e Na+ na parte aérea. A salinidade reduziu a altura das plantas em ambas as espécies, mas o efeito foi mais pronunciado no nim. Elevação na salinidade dos solos causou aumento no acúmulo de Na+ e redução no acúmulo de macronutrientes na parte aérea em ambas as espécies, principalmente no nim. O cinamomo foi mais tolerante aos níveis de salinidade dos solos do que o nim.
Uso de hidrogel na sobrevivência de mudas de Eucalyptus urograndis produzidas com diferentes substratos e manejos hídricos.
Authors: Lopes Jane Luisa Wadas , Silva Magali Ribeiro da , Saad João Carlos Cury , Angélico Talita dos Santos
Published: July 2015

A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o uso de hidrogel na sobrevivência de mudas clonais de Eucalyptus urograndis produzidas com diferentes substratos e manejos hídricos. O experimento foi conduzido com mudas do mesmo clone, produzidas até os 50 dias após estaqueamento em dois viveiros distintos (“C” e “E”). Em seguida, todas as mudas foram alocadas num mesmo viveiro, durante 80 dias as quais receberam diferentes frequências de irrigação. Após esse período, as mudas foram transplantadas para vasos de polietileno, em solo argiloso, com e sem hidrogel. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à técnica de variância para experimentos inteiramente casualizado. A análise dos dados permitiu inferir que as plantas com hidrogel tiveram seus sintomas de falta de água retardados. Independentemente da origem da muda (“C” ou “E”), o hidrogel, exerceu influência na sobrevivência, garantindo 37 dias sem irrigação adicional. O manejo hídrico do viveiro exerceu influência somente para as mudas denominadas “E”, sendo que plantas adaptadas à falta de água (manejo hídrico com uma irrigação diária) demoraram mais tempo para apresentar sintomas de déficit hídrico.
Caracterização ecológica de espécies arbóreas ocorrentes em ambientes de mata ciliar, como subsídio à recomposição de áreas alteradas nas cabeceiras do Rio Grande, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
Authors: Pereira Israel Marinho , Botelho Soraya Alvarenga , Berg Eduardo van den , Oliveira-Filho Ary Teixeira de , Machado Evandro Luiz Mendonça
Published: July 2015

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar as diferenças na composição da flora e das guildas das comunidades arbustivo-arbóreas em três áreas de mata ciliar em diferentes estágios de sucessão florestal. Foram alocadas 46 parcelas de 400 m2 e todos os indivíduos arbóreos existentes no seu interior, com diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) = 5 cm, foram amostrados. Foram identificadas 282 espécies distribuídas em 140 gêneros e 61 famílias. No que se refere às guildas de dispersão, constatou-se que, em média, 72% das espécies e 59% dos indivíduos têm suas fontes de propágulos disseminadas por animais (zoocórica), 19% e 23% pelo vento (anemocórica) e 6% e 13% por meio barocoria ou balística (autocórica). As proporções de espécies e indivíduos por grupo ecológico foram, respectivamente, pioneiras: 14,5% e 18%; clímax exigente de luz: 49,5% e 62,5% e, clímax tolerante à sombra: 36,5% e 21,5%.Verificou-se, ainda, que houve um aumento significativo da importância das espécies zoocóricas e tolerantes à sombra com a maturidade das florestas, enquanto o número de espécies que necessitam de luz com dispersão abiótica decresceu significativamente com o avanço dessa maturidade.
Mobilização de reservas no eixo embrionário e nos cotilédones de sementes de Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S. F. Blake durante a germinação
Authors: Magalhães Simone Rodrigues de , Borges Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e , Berger Ana Paula de Aguiar
Published: July 2015

O conhecimento da composição química da semente é de extrema importância para auxiliar o entendimento do comportamento durante a germinação, o armazenamento ou mesmo nos processos metabólicos envolvidos na degradação dessas reservas, que, em última instância, afetam o vigor das sementes. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as alterações no conteúdo de carboidratos, lipídios e proteínas nos cotilédones e no eixo embrionário, durante a germinação de sementes de Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S. F. Blake. Para tanto, as sementes foram colocadas para germinar e retiradas amostras periodicamente para as análises. A porcentagem de germinação foi de 88%, iniciando-se no 9o dia, e a velocidade de germinação foi de 7,7 sementes.dia-1. Dentre os ácidos graxos, o ácido oléico predominou tanto nos cotilédones, quanto no eixo embrionário, com variações durante o período de observação. Os demais tiveram pequena variação e não diferiram de forma expressiva. Os teores de amido e de carboidratos solúveis totais comportaram-se de forma similar nos dois compartimentos com decréscimo ao longo do período de embebição. O teor de proteínas no eixo embrionário, após aumentar em dois dias, decresceu até o 8o dia. Por outro lado, o teor nos cotilédones manteve-se constante nos dois primeiros dias, vindo a cair até o 6o, com aumento no 8o.
Qualidade do solo e produtividade de Pinus taeda no planalto catarinense
Authors: Morales Cedinara Arruda Santana , Albuquerque Jackson Adriano , Almeida Jaime Antonio de , Marangoni Jacson Marcelo , Stahl James , Chaves Djalma Miler
Published: July 2015

Em áreas florestais, o uso contínuo do solo altera seus atributos físicos e geralmente deteriora sua qualidade, em decorrência do tráfego de máquinas nas operações florestais, com redução da produtividade das culturas. Diante disso, avaliou-se a relação entre a qualidade do solo em diferentes sítios com a produção de Pinus taeda, em solos do Planalto Catarinense. Foram utilizadas quatro fazendas, com dois sítios em cada uma delas, escolhidos pelo tipo de solo e produtividade da floresta (alta e baixa produtividade). Foi descrita a morfologia e amostras de solo foram coletadas em cada horizonte pedogenético para análises físicas e químicas. Existe grande variação nas características físicas dos perfis, especialmente na sequência e espessura dos horizontes. Foi constatada compactação na camada superficial dos perfis mais rasos, evidenciada pela maior densidade e/ou, resistência à penetração do solo, nos quais, a produtividade foi reduzida entre 14 a 36 %, comparados aos perfis mais profundos e com menor grau de compactação.
El análisis bayesiano y la precisión de los valores de la heredabilidad en especies perennes
Authors: Mora Freddy , Scapim Carlos Alberto , Pinto Ronald José Barth
Published: July 2015

Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron evaluar la precisión del valor estimado de la heredabilidad determinada por medio de la desviación estándar, considerando un enfoque Bayesiano, y comparar tal estimativa con el procedimiento clásico. Se utilizaron datos de un ensayo de progenie con 39 familias de Eucalyptus cladocalyx. La variable dependiente usada fue el diámetro basal del fuste medido a los seis años de edad. El método Bayesiano fue implementado por medio del algoritmo de Cadenas Independientes, con informaciones a priori informativas, el cual entregó bajos valores de desviaciones estándar de la heredabilidad, si comparado con la estimación clásica de Robertson y distribución a priori de Jeffreys (la cual es una clase de distribución a priori no informativa y a menudo impropia). El método de análisis Bayesiano es una herramienta de inferencia valiosa para la evaluación genética de especies perennes, ya que considera la variabilidad de los parámetros por medio de las distribuciones a posteriori.
Fitossociologia e diversidade florística em área de cerrado sob vários níveis de antropização, Rio Pardo de Minas, MG
Authors: Couto Wanderson Henrique do , Anjos Lúcia Helena Cunha dos , Toledo Luciano de Oliveira , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Queiros Márcio Marques
Published: July 2015

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a diversidade e a similaridade florística de ambientes de Cerrado, sob diferentes níveis de antropização por uso agrícola e extrativismo, e gerar base de dados para subsidiar propostas de desenvolvimento sustentável para a região Norte de Minas e sistemas de agricultura tradicional. Foram amostradas 4 áreas nos seguintes ambientes: Areião, Areiãozinho, Chapada de Latossolo e Tabuleiro, cujas identificações foram feitas a partir de informantes-chave na Comunidade Água Boa, em Rio Pardo de Minas (MG). As unidades amostrais foram distribuídas em 8 parcelas de 20 x 50 m, com 5 subparcelas. Foram medidos indivíduos arbóreos com circunferência ao nível do solo maior ou igual a 15 cm. Para análise dos índices fitossociológicos foram calculados os parâmetros densidade, dominância, freqüência, área basal e valor de importância, para cada ambiente. Para a diversidade florística foi calculado o índice de Shannon (H') e para análise da similaridade o índice de Jaccard (Sij). Em todos os ambientes, foi encontrado um total de 477 indivíduos, distribuídos em 21 famílias, com 48 espécies botânicas identificadas e 27 indivíduos não identificados. As cinco famílias mais importantes (maior VI) foram Fabaceae/Papilionoideae, Apocynaceae, Vochysiaceae, Sapotaceae e Fabaceae/Caesalpinoideae. Já as dez espécies de maior importância foram Pouteria ramiflora, Dalbergia miscolobium, Hancornia speciosa, Macherium opacum, Sclerolobium paniculatum var. subvelutinum, Qualea grandiflora, Aspidosperma tomentosum, Byrsonima pachyphylla, Vochysia thyrsoidea e Hymenaea stigonocarpa. O índice H' foi de 3,01; 2,72; 2,48 e 2,09 para Areião, Areiãozinho, Chapada do Latossolo e Tabuleiro, respectivamente. O índice Sij indicou, para todas as combinações entre os ambientes, que existia pouca similaridade florística entre eles.
An Impedimetric‐Fluorescence Double‐Checking Biosensor with Enhanced Reliability Based on Graphene Oxide
Authors: Li Aixue , Zhang Jian , Yu Xin , Li Jianhua , Qiu Jichuan , Zhao Zhenhuan , Guo Weibo , Claverie Jerome P. , Mou Xiaoning , Liu Hong
Published: July 2015

MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of clinically significant diagnostic and prognostic markers for some diseases, especially for cancer. Graphene oxide (GO) has been reported to bind and quench dye‐labeled single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) probes while it has less affinity toward double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) or hybrids of DNA/RNA. This property makes it very suitable to construct a double‐checking system for miRNA detection, thus increasing the reliability of detection. This kind of double‐checking sensor will have great potential in clinical diagnosis. Based on this concept, in this study a simple and sensitive electrochemical impedance spectroscopy biosensor for miRNA‐21 is developed using a GO‐coated electrode. Simultaneously, the fluorescence of the remaining hybridization solution which contains dissociated duplex of ssDNA/miRNA is also investigated to double check the signal and increase its reliability. Therefore, a GO‐based double‐checking biosensor is developed for miRNA‐21 detection, which shows simplicity, high sensitivity and selectivity, and outstanding reliability. This is the first time to integrate the electrochemical impedimetric method and fluorescence method in one sensing system for detecting miRNA based on GO. It is believed that this work will have a profound impact on the design of graphene‐based biosensors for miRNA detection.
Tracking Performance Bound with Finite Control Energy and Erasure Channel Energy Constraint
Authors: Wang Baoxian , Zhang Ding‐Xue , Guan Zhi‐Hong , Hu Bin , Huang Yuehua
Published: July 2015

This paper studies the tracking performance of the single‐input single‐output (SISO), finite dimensional, linear and time‐invariant (LTI) system under the channel input energy constraint over the Erasure channel. A new performance index is proposed which is minimized over all two‐degree‐of‐freedom stabilizing controllers. The explicit expressions of the lower bound of the performance index and the minimum of the signal‐to‐noise ratio are obtained. The results show that the performance bound is correlated to unstable poles, non‐minimum phase zeros and the packet loss probability. Finally, examples are given to validate the conclusions derived.
Assessing congenital malformation risk from medications used in pregnancy: The contribution of NBDPS in pregnancy labeling of prescription drug products
Authors: Tassinari Melissa S. , Sahin Leyla , Yao Lynne P.
Published: July 2015

Background

Obtaining human pregnancy data to inform product labeling is important for drug and biological products.

Methods

Collection and analyses of safety data on their use during pregnancy is usually performed after approval.

Results

The Centers for Disease Control National Birth Defects Prevention Study has provided important data on the relationship between drug use in pregnancy and birth defects.

Conclusion

The Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule will set new and improved standards for the inclusion of information about the use of prescription drugs and biological products during pregnancy; the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, along with other data sources, will be critical for providing safety data to inform product labeling. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:718–720, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.