bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dog poisoning with furadan 35-ST (carbamate insecticide)
Authors: Aleksic Jelena , Mercep Drinka , Aleksic Zoran , Jovanovic Milijan
Published: November 2011

The first case of poisoning of a dog with Furadan 35-ST in Serbia is
described. The active ingredient of Furadan 35-ST is carbofuran
(2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7- benzofuranyl methyl carbamate), a carbamate
insecticide, acaricide and nematocide. This highly poisonous substance is
classified by the World Health Organisation into Class 1 b and in Serbia into
Group 1 of The List of Poisons. Pathological assessment revealed hyperaemia
and degenerative and necrotic changes in the liver, kidneys and heart. In
addition, lysis of the nuclei in the motor neurons, loss of tigroid substance
and pericellular oedema in the ventral horns of the spinal cord, and acute
pancreatitis were found. In addition to the non-specific changes (hyperaemia,
degenerative and necrotic changes in the parenchymal organs), the ones in the
ventral horns of the spinal cord and acute pancreatitis may lead to carbamate
poisoning being suspected. The diagnosis was established on the grounds of
toxicological-chemical conformation of carbofuran by means of GC-MS in
addition to the macroscopic, microscopic findings in tissue samples taken
from the stomach and the liver, which confirmed the suspicion of the dog
having been poisoned with the carbamate insecticide. In the current case the
results of the diagnostic procedures provided foundations for the initiation
of criminal proceedings.
Intra-abdominal hyaluronan concentration in peritoneal fluid of horses with sudden signs of severe abdominal pain
Authors: Lillich James D. , Ray-Miller Wendy , Silver Kristopher S. , Davis Elizabeth G. , Schultz Bruce D.
Published: November 2011

Objective—To determine hyaluronan concentrations in peritoneal fluid from healthy horses and horses with sudden signs of severe abdominal pain and to identify the cellular sources of hyaluronan within the peritoneal cavity.

Animals—7 client-owned horses that were evaluated for sudden signs of severe abdominal pain, 6 healthy teaching horses, and 13 euthanized horses (11 with no abdominal disease and 2 that had undergone abdominal surgery 2 weeks previously for a different study).

Procedures—Abdominal fluid was collected from the client-owned and teaching horses. Hyaluronan concentrations were determined with an ELISA. Equine mesothelial cells were aseptically harvested from euthanized horses immediately after euthanasia, cultured, and processed for western blot immunoassays to detect expression of the following mesothelial cell markers: cytokeratins 8 and 18, vimentin, calretinin, mesothelin, and CD44. A reverse transcriptase–PCR assay was used to detect genetic expression of hyaluronan synthase-2 (HAS-2) from cultured and native equine tissue.

Results—The mean ± SD abdominal hyaluronan concentration in peritoneal fluid from horses with signs of abdominal pain (1,203.3 ± 46.3 ng/mL) was significantly greater than that in healthy horses (228.4 ± 167.3 ng/mL). Harvested cells were maintained, and immunoblotting analyses confirmed expression of the mesothelial markers. Gene expression of HAS-2 from cultured mesothelial cells and fibroblasts was confirmed.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Peritoneal hyaluronan concentration was much higher in horses with severe abdominal pain than in healthy horses. Cultured equine mesothelial cells and fibroblasts can produce hyaluronan through HAS-2. Future investigation should focus on establishing the effect of exogenous hyaluronan administration on mesothelial cell function in horses with abdominal disease.
The sinkhole enigma in the Alpine Foreland, Southeast Germany: Evidence of impact-induced rock liquefaction processes
Authors: Ernstson Kord , Mayer Werner , Neumair Andreas , Sudhaus Dirk
Published: November 2011

Sudden collapse of the Quaternary soil to form sinkholes on the order of meters and tens of meters has been a geologic phenomenon within living memory in a localized area north of Lake Chiemsee in Southeast Germany. Failing a satisfying explanation, a relation with an undefined glaciation process has always been proposed. Excavations and geophysical measurements at three newly affected sites show underground features such as prominent sandy-gravelly intrusions and extrusions typical of rock liquefaction processes well known to occur during strong earthquakes. Since strong earthquakes can reasonably be excluded to have affected the area under discussion, it has been suggested that the observed widespread liquefaction is related with the recently proposed Holocene Chiemgau meteorite impact event. Except for one earlier proposed but unassertive relation between impact and liquefaction, the obviously direct association of both processes in the Chiemgau area emphasizes that observed paleoliquefaction features need not necessarily have originated solely from paleoseismicity but can provide a recognizable regional impact signature.
The development of retirement migration in Great Britain
Authors: Warnes Anthony M.
Published: November 2011

Migration around the age of retirement is an expression of the opportunities a society gives to its retired people and to the housing and life-style aspirations held by the older population. This article discusses the proposition that two phases of old age have developed among the affluent populations of western Europe. First, a period of relative poaffluence and good health among young elderly people, and secondly, a later period of poorer health, lower income and increased dependency. The optimum locations for the two stages are described, and the effect of migrations among elderly people in redistribute the two age groups among urban and rural areas is discussed.
Internal Migration Trends in the United Kingdom from National Health Service Reregistration data
Authors: Stillwell John , Boden Peter , Rees Philip
Published: November 2011

Although Britain lacks a comprehensive population registration system, information on the spatial redistribution of patients registered with the National Health Service is available from a central register. 'Movement' data from this source is increasingly important for understanding how internal migration in Britain changes between periodic censuses of population. This paper reviews the characteristics of the data and illustrates changes in the volume, structure and pattern of migration occurring at various geographical scales.
Le lieu, l'espace et la santé.
Authors: Picheral Henri
Published: November 2011

Place, Space and Healt.

The relation between place, space and health remains in ambiguity as a result of different disciplinary ideas. First because of a frequent mistake between geography and cartography and of a confuse definition of environment. Furthermore the evaluation of health levels is made generally from biomédical data and according to biostatistical methods. So place and space are understood as a mere support, a plane, homogeneous and underchanging surface without references to their organization and their use. And finally an artificial separation is preserved between the geography of diseases and the geography of health services. Consequently geographers have to remain geographers ! They have to integrate and incorporate health data in their own spatial analysis by different scales.
Indian Urbanisation and the Characteristics of Large Indian cities revealed in the 1991 Census / Urbanisation et caractéristiques majeures des grandes villes indiennes au recensement de 1991
Authors: Chapman Graham P. , Pathak Pushpa
Published: November 2011

Cet article fait suite aux analyses de la croissance urbaine indienne dans les décennies 1961-71, 1971-81. Il porte sur les modalités de l'urbanisation relevées par le recensement de 1991. Celui-ci a, pour la première fois, fourni des données pour les 446 districts de l'Inde en distinguant leur partie urbaine de leur partie rurale, ainsi que pour les quelque 300 grandes villes de plus de 100 000 habitants. Grâce à cela, il a été possible d'établir des corrélations, non seulement entre les caractéristiques des 300 grandes villes, mais aussi entre ces villes et leur contexte local. Une des principales conclusions est qu'au delà des incontournables différences entre zones urbaines et rurales dans toutes les régions de l'Inde, les caractéristiques des villes, à de rares exceptions près, sont étroitement corrélées avec celles de leur environnement local, tant celui des campagnes, que celui des petites villes.
An Ontology-Based Method to Construct a Reference Model Catalogue for the Energy Sector
Authors: González José M. , Uslar Mathias
Published: November 2011

Within this contribution we will introduce a first approach on an ontology-based method for constructing a domain specific reference model catalogue for the energy sector. First of all we will motivate and introduce a reference model catalogue for the energy sector as well as requirements for building such a catalogue. Based on the requirements, we will focus on describing a method which meets these requirements and show how to apply the method.
Ontological Evaluation of Scheer’s Reference Model for Production Planning and Control Systems
Authors: Fettke Peter , Loos Peter
Published: November 2011

Within the information systems field, reference models have been known for many years. A reference model is a conceptual framework and may be used as a blueprint for information systems development. Despite the relevance of reference model quality, little research has been undertaken on their systematical analysis and evaluation. In this chapter, we evaluate Scheer’s reference model for production planning and control systems from an ontological point of view. The evaluation is based on the Bunge-Wand-Weber ontology. Several ontological anomalies are found in Scheer’s reference model. The obtained knowledge is useful for selecting, applying, and extending the reference model.
Supporting Conceptual Model Analysis Using Semantic Standardization and Structural Pattern Matching
Authors: Delfmann Patrick , Herwig Sebastian , Lis Lukasz , Becker Jörg
Published: November 2011

Analysis of conceptual models is useful for a number of purposes, such as revealing syntactical errors, model comparison, model integration, and identification of business process improvement potentials, with both the model structure and the model contents having to be considered. In this contribution, we introduce a generic model analysis approach. Unlike existing approaches, we do not focus on a certain application problem or a specific modeling language. Instead, our approach is generic, making it applicable for any analysis purpose and any graph-based conceptual modeling language. The approach integrates pattern matching for structural analysis and linguistic standardization enabling an unambiguous analysis of the models’ contents.
Semantic-Enabled Compliance Management
Authors: Telesko Rainer , Nikles Simon
Published: November 2011

A lot of companies are nowadays obliged to follow regulations and to integrate specific policies from these regulations into their business processes. Implementing compliance automation concepts is crucial for companies because of the dependencies between compliance policies, IT-infrastructure and business process management. Nowadays in many companies there exist either no compliance automation concepts at all, or automation is limited to simply integrating hard-coded checks into standard software with no linkage to the business processes. In the scientific community in the past years, some concepts for compliance automation based on business processes, workflow technology, and semantic technologies have been developed. Semantic technologies seem to be a promising approach where implemented regulations are expressed by means of ontologies. In this chapter we present an approach for a semantics-based configuration of a service package with respect to Service Level Agreements, which capitalizes on the principles and use cases of the EU-project, plugIT. This chapter discusses the approach in detail, shows the economical benefits, and concludes with an outlook for the next steps.
A Broader View on Context Models towards Supporting Business Process Agility
Authors: Thönssen Barbara , Wolff Daniela
Published: November 2011

Today’s enterprises need to be agile, to be able to cope with unexpected changes, to increasingly be dynamic, and to continually deal with change. Change affecting business processes may range from ad hoc modification to process evolution. In this chapter we present dimensions of change concentrating on a specific ability of an enterprise to deal with change. To support business in being agile we propose a semantically enriched context model based on well known enterprise architecture. We present a context aware workflow engine basing on the context model and on rules which trigger process adaptations during run time.
The politics of narrating Cinderella in Namibia
Authors: Willemse Hein
Published: November 2011

This article reports on variations of the Cinderella fairytale as told by two southern Namibian storytellers, Martha Frederik and Katrina Louw. The analysis concentrates on the self-imagery of these storytellers as reflected in their performances. Although their stories are not overtly political they interpret their social environment, the relationships between men and women and employment interactions. In this sense these narratives communicate deeper dimensions of Namibian colonial relationships. Life in the towns of Aranos and Gochas is uninspiring, since these are small agricultural supply stations, settled in the mostly arid, sparse, semi-desert southern region of Namibia, Hardap. These communities are generally dirt poor, inhabited mainly by the unemployed, children, women and pensioners. The article further explores facets of the Frederik and Louw's re-interpretations of Cinderella. A few salient sections in especially the performance of Frederik are selected to demonstrate how the storytellers reconstruct their experience of life. Both texts are adapted intuitively to the storytellers' social circumstances and lived experience. The article concludes that it is through the exploration of such narrative experiences that the dialogical relationship between the powerful and the powerless can be understood.
Magiese realisme en die religieuse in Bidsprinkaan
Authors: Anker Johan
Published: November 2011

This article explores the magical realist features in André P. Brink’s novel Bidsprinkaan (the Afrikaans version of Praying Mantis) namely, the shaping of a hybrid and liminal world in the postcolonial context and the consequent effect on different religious perspectives of the Christian missionaries and the Khoi people. Kupido Kakkerlak is a representative of both these worlds. The hybrid position of a magical realist perspective containing both the magical and realist realms of religion and peoples’ daily existence and the intertwining of myth and history are discussed while the author also focuses on the specific magical realist characteristics of the text. The implicit and explicit undermining of the Christian belief of the missionaries as one of many belief systems in the world of Kupido Kakkerlak and his people seems to be one of the possible interpretations of this text. The role of magical realism in questioning and undermining one of the master narratives of colonialisation, i.e. the development of Christianity in colonial territories, is shown.
Wopko Jensma en die soeke na ’n nuwe (Suid-)Afrikaanse identiteit
Authors: Kleyn Leti , Marais Johann Lodewyk
Published: November 2011

This article focuses on aspects of identity in the Afrikaans poetry of Wopko Jensma, published in three volumes of poetry, and in various magazines. Jensma apparently strove towards a new, “free” South African identity, which is clear from his idiosyncratic use of language, his perspectives on the sociopolitical circumstances of his time, and his visual art works. As the authors of this article have recently completed the most comprehensive study to date on Jensma’s life, this article contains singularly fresh and new perspectives on this significant South African writer and artist. The authors purport that the Afrikaans literary historiography has, since the 1960s, maintained a distorted representation of Jensma’s contribution not realising his importance.
Die spore van Raka: oor herskrywing en kanonisering (Deel 1)
Authors: Van Coller H. P. , Van Jaarsveld A.
Published: November 2011

Every literary system possesses a canon with the classical canon as the most stable and simultaneously the one with the most restrictive access. Writers and texts can only maintain their position within the canon through continuous rewriting: critical rewriting by literary critics (as shapers of taste and gate-keepers) and creative rewriting by fellow writers. In this study the critical rewriting (and rerealisation) of one of the most acclaimed and seminal texts in Afrikaans literature, Raka (1941), by N. P. van Wyk Louw is scrutinized. Since its publication this verse epic has been firmly entrenched in the classical Afrikaans literary canon and its continuous rewriting / rerealisation can act as a case study of how a literary “masterpiece” is dependent on institutional relationships, relevant characteristics and strategic position-taking within a literary field in order to retain this status. Against the backdrop of a theoretical framework set out in part one of this study, the specifics of Raka’s rewriting / rerealisation is discussed in the second part.
Constructing an inclusive speech community from two mutually excluding ones: The third Afrikaans language movement
Authors: Webb Vic
Published: November 2011

The article deals with the aim of leaders in the Afrikaans community to maintain Afrikaans as a language of high-function formal contexts in post-1994 South Africa through the construction of a community which meaningfully includes all its speakers as members, referred to as a “speech community”. Basing the concept “speech community” on Johnson and Milani’s description of such a language as “a complete and society-bearing language” and on Pavlenko and Blackledge’s notion of “a public”, it lists the obstacles which the development of an “inclusive Afrikaans community” need to deal with and discusses five issues which have to be debated in such a developmental process. The article also provides a brief overview of activities which the Afrikaans establishment have organised since 2003 (referring to them as “the third Afrikaans language movement”) to restore the language-political status of Afrikaans, and asks whether the emphasis on constructing an inclusive speech community is a creative way of addressing the problem with which they wish to deal.
Verstedeliking, Suid-Afrikaanse letterkundes en die kultuurteks
Authors: Van Niekerk Jacomien
Published: November 2011

Despite many efforts to publish comprehensive literary histories of South or Southern Africa in recent years, few studies exist in which a thorough comparative study is undertaken between two or more South African literatures. This article wants to provide a practical example of such a study by comparing the urbanisation of Afrikaners in Afrikaans literature with that of black people as seen in English and Zulu literature. The statement made by Ampie Coetzee that comparative studies should take place within the framework of discursive formations is one of the fundamental starting points of this study. Maaike Meijer’s concept of the “cultural text” is further employed as a theoretical instrument. The identification of repeating sets of representation is central to the demarcation of a “cultural text about urbanisation” in Afrikaans, English and Zulu literature respectively. The cultural text forms the basis from which a valid comparative study can be embarked upon, and the results of the research have important implications for further comparative studies but also literary historiography.
The inaugural Plaatje festival, Mahikeng: A watershed event
Authors: Haire Karen , Matjila D. S.
Published: November 2011

The first Sol Plaatje festival, Mahikeng, November 5 and 6, 2010, planned by the Sol Plaatje Educational Trust of Kimberley and hosted by the North West Department of Sports, Arts and Culture and Department of Education, drew learners from a local secondary school, young and aspiring performance poets, interested citizens, language practitioners, Plaatje scholars, and importantly, Sol Plaatje and Modiri Molema family members. Together attendees, numbering around 200, from as far as Botswana, Limpopo, North West, Northern Cape and Gauteng, paid tribute to Plaatje, learned more and carried forward his legacy. As participants and “next generation” Plaatje scholars, we share a few reflections on the festival as marking a watershed moment in Plaatje scholarship.
Ultrasound Assessment of the Internal Anal Sphincter in Women with Fecal Incontinence and Posterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse (Rectocele)
Authors: Kamel Hossam H , Serour Ahmad G , Mousa Laila AS
Published: November 2011

Rupture of the internal anal sphincter (IAS) causes its weakness and it will not withstand increases of abdominal pressure, and fecal incontinence (FI) will occur. Recently, we put forward a novel concept on the physiology of defecation. Defecation is divided into two stages: First stage before training and second stage starts at the age of about 2 years, when the mother starts to teach her child how to hold up himself. This is gained by maintaining high alpha-sympathetic tone at the IAS, thus keeping it closed all the time till there is a need to pass stool or flatus, and the time and place are convenient. On defecation, six neuromuscular actions take place under the control of the CNS: (1) The person will relax the external anal sphincter, (2) he will lower the gained high alpha-sympathetic tone at the IAS, thus opening the anal canal, (3) he will relax the pelvic floor muscles bringing the rectum and the anal canal into one axis, (4) the abdominal and diaphragmatic muscles contract to increase the abdominal pressure, (5) the muscles of the distal colon and rectum contract pushing the stool, (6) sequential contractions of the three parts of the external anal sphincter (EAS) that squeeze any residual contents in the anal canal. Thus, the anal canal is closed and empty under normal circumstances. The IAS is a collageno-muscular tissue cylinder that surrounds the anal canal.

The IAS is intimately related to the posterior vaginal wall, and the vagina is over stretched in labor, childbirth trauma affects both the posterior vaginal wall and the IAS. Rupture of the collagen sheet of the IAS which causes its weakness is better demonstrated by imaging by 3D US.

Normal vagina is a cylinder of collageno-elastic-muscular tissues. Its strong collagen sheet is responsible for keeping it in its normal upward position. Labors cause redundancy and weakness of the vaginal walls with subsequent prolapse; and lacerations of the IAS which is closely related to the posterior vaginal wall leading to FI.
Cervical Consistency Index: A New Concept in Uterine Cervix Evaluation
Authors: Parra-Saavedra Miguel A , Gómez Libardo A , Barrero Amanda , Parra Guido , Vergara Felipe , Diaz-Yunez Israel , Gómez Martha , Bermúdez Carlos , Kontopoulos Eftichia V , Quintero Rubén A
Published: November 2011

Objective

To search an ultrasonographic marker to measure cervix consistency throughout pregnancy quantitatively by transvaginal ultrasonography and compare these values with the current pattern–the cervicometry. In a randomly selected population of pregnant and nonpregnant women using a new cervical consistency index (CCI) and compare these changes with the findings using cervicometry.

Methods

The cervical consistency index (CCI) and cervicometry were measured using transvaginal ultrasonography in a reference population of randomly selected women who were mature enough for reproduction, and women in their first, second and third trimester of pregnancy. Patients with history of cervical conization, two or more dilations and miscarriages, Müllerian abnormalities and history of cervix incompetence were excluded from this study. Furthermore, patients with multiple pregnancies and cervical cerclage were not allowed to participate in this study.

Results

A total of 162 patients were evaluated for cervicometry and CCI. Eighty of these women were not pregnant and the remaining 82 were pregnant. The database was analyzed using EPI-INFO version 6.0. Statistical values, such as the average, median and standard deviation between two groups, were analyzed. Statistically significant differences were found between nonpregnant and pregnant women in the first, second and third trimester regarding CCI with p < 0.0001. The cervix of pregnant women loses an average of 1.2% of consistency per week of pregnancy. Cervicometry did not show statistically significant difference among the groups (p = 0.4459).

Conclusion

CCI can quantitatively assess cervix consistency in pregnant and nonpregnant women, also found statistically significant differences between these groups and between the different trimesters of gestation, CCI also shows a remarkably circumscribed linear regression trend from early pregnancy. This ultrasound marker may serve in future for the early identification of patients at risk for preterm delivery. On cervicometry, there was no statistically significant differences between groups mentioned above.
Spontaneous Unilateral Tubal Twin Ectopic Pregnancy: A Case-Based Discussion and Assessment
Authors: Vallabh-Patel Vaneesha , Vera Robert , Martell Gustavo
Published: November 2011

Introduction

Two percent of all 1st trimester pregnancies in the United States are ectopic. Transvaginal ultrasound is considered the mainstay in diagnosis. Color Doppler ultrasound can prove to be an added helpful modality in identifying ectopic pregnancies.

Case report

An 18-year-old nulliparous female presented with vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain. Pelvic exam revealed tenderness in the right adnexal region with elevated quantitative serum beta-hCG. A transvaginal ultrasound showed an echogenic ring adjacent to the right ovary and M-mode and color Doppler revealed two fetal heart tones. Color Doppler enabled visualization of randomly dispersed tubal arteries and heart activity of both embryos. A right salpingectomy was performed without complications and beta hCG levels returned to undetectable levels.

Conclusion

B mode ultrasound is a vital diagnostic tool in the detection of ectopic pregnancy. Color Doppler provides both morphologic and functional information essential for determining the optimal therapeutic strategy. Three-dimensional ultrasound with color and/or power Doppler has proven useful in both the initial diagnosis and follow-up of ectopic pregnancies especially in patients following assisted reproduction treatment.
Response of internal solitary waves to tropical storm Washi in the northwestern South China Sea
Authors: Xu Z. H. , Yin B. S. , Hou Y. J.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. Based on in-situ time series data from an array of temperature sensors and an acoustic Doppler current profiler on the continental shelf of the northwestern South China Sea, a sequence of internal solitary waves (ISWs) were observed during the passage of tropical storm Washi in the summer of 2005, which provided a unique opportunity to investigate the ISW response to the tropical cyclone. The passing tropical storm is found to play an important role in affecting the stratification structure of the water column, and consequently leading to significant variability in the propagating features of the ISWs, such as the polarity reversal and amplitude variations of the waves. The response of the ISWs to Washi can be divided into two stages, direct forcing by the strong wind (during the arrival of Washi) and remote forcing via the near-inertial internal waves induced by the tropical storm (after the passage of Washi). The field observations as well as a theoretical analysis suggest that the variations of the ISWs closely coincide with the changing stratification structure and shear currents in accompanied by the typhoon wind and near-inertial waves. This study presents the first observations and analysis of the ISW response to the tropical cyclone in the South China Sea.
State Capitalism, State Socialism and the Politicization of Workers
Authors: Coleman Kenneth E. , Nelso Daniel N.
Published: November 2011

Politicization implies a change in individual roles fran parochial or subject to autoncnous participants in political life. The highest levels of politicization imply a fundamental transformation in the way citizens relate to government; with citizens becaning aggressive fonnulators of the agenda for public discussion and active participants in holding public officials to account. A high level of politicization could transfonn or threaten to transfonn any given political system.
The Public Politics of Aleksandr Nikolaevich Yakovlev, 1983-1989, Jonathan Harris.
Authors: Harris Jonathan
Published: November 2011

During the first five years of his reign as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CC/CPSU) M.S. Gorbachev has changed the structure of authority in the USSR's political system. He initially regarded the interlocking directorate of Politburo and Secretariat as the final source of authority and the ultimate driving force for his program of reform, the CC/CPSU as a miniparliament for the discussion and elaboration of his proposals, and the CPSU's apparatus of full time officials as the major instrument to assure the program's implementation. Gorbachev's initial definition seemed to be the logical expression of his own experience as a party official who became General Secretary only after an extensive career as a regional party leader, a Secretary of the CC/CPSU with a functional specialization, and considerable experience as a member of the Politburo.
Regional Population Trends in the Former USSR, 1939-51, and the	Impact of World War II
Authors: Rowland Richard H.
Published: November 2011

The Soviet Union probably suffered greater population losses than any other country during World War ll. Estimated deaths plus estimates of nonbirths place total population losses at probably more than 40 million. Although the last census of the USSR prior to the war was taken in 1939, or fairly close to the eve of the war, the first postwar census was not completed until twenty years later in 1959 or nearly fifteen years after the end of the war, by which time the prewar population had been reached and surpassed by nearly 20 million.
In the Line of Fire: The Soviet Crackdown of Hungary, 1956-58
Authors: Granville Johanna
Published: November 2011

About forty years ago, the first major anti-Soviet uprising in Eastern Europe-the 1956 Hungarian revolt-took place. Western observers have long held an image of the Soviet Union as a crafty monolith that expertly, in the realpolitik tradition, intervened while the West was distracted by the Suez crisis. People also believed that Soviet repressive organs worked together efficiently to crack down on the Hungarian "counterrevolutionaries. " Newly released documents from five of Moscow's most important archives, including notes ofkey meetings of the presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) taken by Vladimir Mal in, reveal that the Soviet Union in fact had difficulty working with its Hungarian allies.
Migration Patterns, Occupational Strategies, and Work Experiences in a Large Textile Town: The Case of Ivanovo-Vozensensk
Authors: Vorderer Susan M.
Published: November 2011

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, industrialization and urbanization were transforming certain areas or Imperial Russia, undermining traditional ways of life and creating severe strains, dislocations, and tensions. In the city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk, located in Shuia uezd (district) of Vladimir Province about one hundred fifty miles northeast of Moscow, the powerful, interconnected forces of urbanization and industrialization were carving out an environment based on the factory rather than the farm. Yet within the context of these seemingly inexorable forces changing the social, economic, and eventually, political fabric of the country, there were real people making choices and decisions. They significantly affected their environment and, moreover, created mechanisms and strategies to cope with the impersonal forces that altered the possibilities and oppmtunities for work and survival. This essay examines peasantworkers' responses to the dislocations and opportunities created by accelerated economic and social transfonnations.
Rethinking Russia's February Revolution: Anonymous Spontaneity or Socialist Agency?
Authors: Melancon Michael
Published: November 2011

Six decades ago William Chamberlin wrote that “the collapse of the Romanov autocracy . . . was one of the most leaderless, spontaneous, anonymous revolutions of all times. . . . No one . .. realized that the strikes and bread riots . . . would culminate in the mutiny of the garrison and the overthrow of the government.” The kernel of truth in this description, that no one knew for sure that the strikes of 23 February marked the beginning of the end of tsarism, has ever since mesmerized historiography of the revolution, leading to grave misapprehensions of what occurred and why. My 1990 study of the revolutionary movement during World War I and in the February Revolution painted an alternative picture in which socialist agency looms large in the onset and carrying out of tsarism’s overthrow. New evidence about the February Revolution further strengthens my original arguments. This study’s twofold purpose is to orient readers in the complicated events that preceded and accompanied the fall of the old regime and, with the use of new archival materials and analysis, renew the case for reinterpreting Russia’s February Revolution.
The Pragmatic Bases of the ‘Variation’ between –A and –Zero in the Accusative in Contemporary Ukrainian
Authors: Nedashkivska Alla
Published: November 2011

The present study raises the problem of Accusative case marking for masculine inanimate nouns in contemporary Ukrainian. Constructions of the type napysaty lyst-Ř and napysaty lyst-a ‘to write a letter’, with the unmarked zero ending in the former and the marked -a ending in the latter, constitute the focus of the investigation. The assumption, common in Ukrainian scholarship that the two variants exist in the language as ‘optional’, ‘synonymous’, parallel, or as ‘stylistic variants’ is challenged. The major objective is to provide a systematic synchronic description and analysis of each case marking under investigation and to demonstrate that each construction is not a sole variant of another, and has its own domain of function and usage, as well as to show that the existence and functioning of these constructions depends on internal language mechanisms. The analysis considers Transitivity, pragmatic and discourse variables and their ties with case marking in Ukrainian. A multi dimensional model, the Prototypical Discourse Situation Model, is proposed. This model is based on the premises of Hopper and Thompson’s Transitivity Hypothesis (1980), Yokoyama’s Transactional Discourse Model (1986), and Zaitseva’s Theory of Utterance (1994, 1995). The model proves to be crucial in providing answers to questions as to the choice and function of the constructions under investigation. The Transitivity domain of the model strongly supports the power of Hopper and Thompson’s (1980) Transitivity Hypothesis, extending the hypothesis beyond the direct object properties with respect to the overt morphosyntactic manifestation of the level of utterance Transitivity. The components of Transitivity relevant for the accusative marking are: object Individuation and affectedness, punctuality, volitionality, and the number of arguments. Pragmatic and discourse domains are brought into the analysis in order to resolve such questions as why two paired case markings are not interchangeable in the same context, what precludes their free variation, and how the choice of a particular construction codes a particular message conveyed by the speaker in a given discourse situation. The pragmatic domain of the model incorporates the notions of the Prototypical Discourse Situation, the speaker’s conceptualization of an event with respect to the hearer’s knowledge, and the status of the speaker’s and the hearer’s shared knowledge. The discourse dimension encompasses the study of text/discourse structure, and notions of discourse topic and discourse saliency. The proposed model proves to be essential not only in explaining choices, but also in portraying patterns in which specifi c case marking occurs. The study argues that to capture the generalizations underlying the ‘doublet’ phenomena, the grammar of Ukrainian must recognize that not every set of variants in the language may be referred to as a grammatical or stylistic doublet.
Teaching for Change: Learning Partnerships and Epistemological Growth
Authors: Olsen Deborah , Bekken Barbara M. , McConnell Kathryne Drezek , Walter Charles T.
Published: November 2011

Baxter Magolda's Learning Partnerships model was used to create a program designed to foster student epistemological development. To assess its effectiveness, the Measure of Epistemological Reflection was administered to the experimental cohort and a comparable group in the traditional general education program. Results indicate that the model enhanced epistemological growth.
Engineering of Complex Macroporous Materials Through Controlled Electrodeposition in Colloidal Superstructures
Authors: Heim Matthias , Reculusa Stéphane , Ravaine Serge , Kuhn Alexander
Published: November 2011

Macroporous materials with a sophisticated architecture are obtained by electrochemical deposition of gold or polypyrrole in colloidal‐crystal templates. The Langmuir–Blodgett technique enables assembly of sub‐micrometric silica‐particle monolayers on conductive gold substrates, thus leading to colloidal superstructures with an unprecedented control of their features at the single‐bead‐layer level. This allows the integration of deliberate planar defects or the elaboration of well‐defined gradients in terms of sphere size. Controlled infiltration using electrochemical deposition preserves the architecture of the original templates and leads to inverse opals with well‐defined pore structures after the removal of the inorganic particles.
Stereoselective Epoxidation of Alkenes with Hydrogen Peroxide using a Bipyrrolidine‐Based Family of Manganese Complexes
Authors: Garcia‐Bosch Isaac , Gómez Laura , Polo Alfonso , Ribas Xavi , Costas Miquel
Published: November 2011

Novel manganese complexes containing N4‐tetradentate ligands derived from chiral bipyrrolidinediamines catalyze the stereoselective epoxidation of a wide array of alkenes using low catalyst loadings (0.1 mol%) and hydrogen peroxide (1.2 equiv.) as terminal oxidant. This family of catalysts affords good to excellent yields (80–100%) and moderate to good ees (40–73%) in short reaction times (30 min) making efficient use of hydrogen peroxide.
Ermittlung ausgewählter mechanischer Kennwerte thermisch modifizierter Buche
Authors: Wetzig Melanie , Heldstab Corina , Tauscher Tom , Niemz Peter
Published: November 2011

Untersuchungen zu physikalisch‐mechanischen und chemischen Eigenschaften thermisch modifizierten Holzes sind bereits seit den frühen 1950er Jahren durchgeführt und wieder verstärkt in den letzten zehn bis zwanzig Jahren aufgenommen worden. Generelle Zusammenhänge zwischen den Behandlungsparametern und den Eigenschaften des vergüteten Holzes sind weitgehend bekannt. Gegenstand und Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchungen war die Ermittlung ausgewählter mechanischer Kennwerte von im Autoklaven nach zwei unterschiedlichen Verfahren thermisch behandeltem Buchenholz. Die Resultate zeigen, dass die Zug‐ und Druckfestigkeit sowie der Elastizitäts‐ und Schubmodul im Vergleich zum unbehandelten Referenzholz um bis zu 50 % sinken. Die Zugfestigkeit wurde dabei stärker beeinträchtigt als die Druckfestigkeit.

Determination of select mechanical properties of heat‐treated beech wood. Studies on mechanical and chemical properties of heat‐treated wood have been conducted since the early 1950ies. General interrelationships between process parameters and properties of heat‐treated wood are reasonably well known. The present study deals with select mechanical properties of heat‐treated beech wood in the autoclave in two different treatment atmospheres. The results show, that the tensile and compression strength as well as modulus of elasticity and modulus of rigidity decrease about 50 % compared to untreated wood. The tensile strength was less affected by the treatment than the compression strength.
Dreidimensionale Berechnungsmodelle zur Bemessung einer ovalen, tiefen Baugrube bei schwierigen geotechnischen Randbedingungen
Authors: Raithel Marc , Kirchner Andreas
Published: November 2011

Im Zuge der Erweiterung des Rheinkraftwerks Iffezheim, einem Gemeinschaftskraftwerk der EnBW Kraftwerke AG und EDF Electricité de France, mit Einbau einer fünften Rohrturbine ist die Herstellung von drei Baugruben erforderlich, die Oberwasser‐Baugrube (Einlauf), die Hauptbaugrube (Kraftwerk) und die Unterwasser‐Baugrube (Saugschlauch und Auslauf). Sämtliche Baugruben befinden sich innerhalb einer an das bestehende Kraftwerk anschließenden Erweiterung des vorhandenen Querbauwerks (Damm). Die Hauptbaugrube (HBG) mit den Abmessungen von 51 m auf 36 m und einer Aushubtiefe von ca. 34 m ist dabei eine ovale Baugrube (korbbogenförmige Baugrube) ohne Steifen und Rückverankerung der Baugrubenwände. Aufgrund der Form der HBG und der asymmetrischen und Belastungsrandbedingungen war im Zuge der Ausführungsplanung die Erstellung von komplexen dreidimensionalen numerischen Berechnungsmodellen erforderlich, wobei das räumliche Tragverhalten der Baugrube zutreffend zu berücksichtigen war.

3D calculation models for the design of an oval, deep excavation pit under difficult geotechnical circumstances. In the course of the expansion of the existing Rheinkraftwerk Iffezheim (i.e. running‐water power station in Iffezheim), a companionship of the EnBW Kraftwerke AG and EDF Electricité de France, three excavation pits are required to install the fifth bulb turbine: the uptstream excavation pit (entry), the main excavation pit (power plant) and the downstream excavation pit (siphon pipe and exit). All three excavation pits are in the middle of an artificial island which is connected to the existing power plant. The main excavation (dimensions 51 m to 36 m, excavation depth appr. 34 m) is an oval (ellipsoidal) excavation pit without struts and rear anchorage of the pit walls. Because of the shape of the main excavation pit and the asymmetric geometric and load boundary conditions, a complex three‐dimensional numeric model for the calculations was needed which was able to take into account the special structural behavior of the excavation pit appropriately.
Beitrag zum Entwurf und zur Ausführung von kombinierten Pfahl‐Plattengründungen
Authors: Grabe Jürgen , Pucker Tim
Published: November 2011

Es wird ein Modell zur Berechnung der zu erwartenden Setzungen einer kombinierten Pfahl‐Plattengründung (KPP) vorgestellt. Das Modell berücksichtigt die Interaktionen der verschiedenen Bauteile untereinander, wie z. B. die Pfahl‐Pfahl‐Interaktion oder die Pfahl‐Platten‐Interaktion. Weiterhin werden spannungs‐ und richtungsabhängige Bodeneigenschaften, wie beispielsweise der Steifemodul und die Lastgeschichte der Gründung, berücksichtigt.

Mit Hilfe eines Evolutionären Algorithmus wird eine beispielhafte kombinierte Pfahl‐Plattengründung optimiert. Ziel der Optimierung ist die Reduktion der Kosten und der Setzungen der Gründung. Es wird gezeigt wie dem entwerfenden Ingenieur eine Entscheidungshilfe anhand eines fallspezifischen Zusammenhangs zwischen Kosten und Setzungen gegeben werden kann.

Während der Ausführung verändert die Herstellung der Pfähle die Bodenzustandsgrößen in der Umgebung der Pfähle. Es wird beispielhaft aufgezeigt, wie diese Einflüsse abgeschätzt werden können und welche Konsequenzen diese für das Setzungsverhalten der KPP haben.

Article about design and building of combined pile‐raft foundations. A calculation model to predict the settlement of combined pile‐raft foundations is presented. This model takes account of interactions between the building elements, e.g. the pile‐to‐pile or the pile‐to‐raft interaction. Additionally, stress and direction depending soil properties are taken into account, e.g. the soil stiffness or the loading history.

An evolutionary algorithm is used to optimize an exemplary combined pile‐raft foundation. Using this optimization method, the total costs and settlement of the foundation are reduced. A case specific correlation between total costs and settlement is presented. Hence this correlation can be used by the design engineer as a decision support.

During the installation process of the foundation, the soil state properties are modified. So the influence on a combined pile‐raft foundation design is presented.
Numerische Untersuchung zum Tragverhalten der Zwischenbohlen kombinierter Spundwände bei Belastung durch Wasserdruck
Authors: Pucker Tim
Published: November 2011

In diesem Artikel werden numerische Simulationen zum Tragverhalten der Zwischenbohlen kombinierter Stahlspundwände bei Belastung durch Wasserdruck vorgestellt. Dabei wird das Rotationsverhalten der Spundwandschlösser berücksichtigt. Die maximale Tragfähigkeit der Zwischenbohlen wird anhand der numerischen Simulationen ermittelt. Anschließend werden Stabwerksmodelle entwickelt, um die Standsicherheit der Zwischenbohlen nachweisen zu können.

Numerical simulation of the bearing behavior of the secondary elements of combined sheet pile constructions under water pressure. The bearing behavior of the secondary elements of combined sheet pile constructions is investigated using numerical simulations. The secondary elements are only loaded by water pressure. The bearing capacity is determined and simplified models are developed to predict the stability of secondary elements loaded by water pressure.