bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Between an Old and a New Scramble for Africa? Using the History of Science Diplomacy to Understand the Present
Authors: Gamito-Marques Daniel
Published: May 2023

Dans cet article, je reviens sur mon expérience en tant qu'enseignant lors de la première école de diplomatie scientifique de Varsovie, qui s'est tenue à l'Académie européenne de diplomatie en 2020. J'ai organisé un module sur la diplomatie scientifique et les relations entre l'Europe et l'Afrique, en m'appuyant sur le travail que j'avais développé en tant qu'auteur d'études de cas dans le cadre du projet H2020 « Inventer une diplomatie scientifique partagée pour l'Europe » (InsSciDE). J'ai abordé le rôle diplomatique d'un zoologiste portugais du xix e  siècle, José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage (1823-1907), qui est devenu ministre portugais des affaires étrangères pendant une période critique de la lutte pour l'Afrique, au cours de laquelle son pays était en concurrence avec la France et la Belgique pour la reconnaissance internationale de la souveraineté coloniale sur la région du Congo. J'ai montré comment la carrière politique de Bocage a été propulsée par son insertion dans des réseaux scientifiques et coloniaux, et comment il les a déployés pendant qu'il était au pouvoir pour gagner du poids dans des négociations diplomatiques difficiles. Les étudiants de l'École de diplomatie scientifique de Varsovie 2020 ont apprécié la mesure dans laquelle le colonialisme européen en Afrique a recruté à la fois la science et la diplomatie à des fins politiques, ses conséquences durables sur les relations diplomatiques entre les deux continents, et la façon dont ce cas peut éclairer la course actuelle au pouvoir en Afrique qui a maintenant attiré de nouveaux concurrents, tels que la Chine et les États-Unis.
The Educational Legacy of a European Research Project Based on History
Authors: Palmberg Daniella
Published: May 2023

Les programmes pilotes de formation à la diplomatie scientifique d'InsSciDE ont montré que l'histoire peut être un outil puissant pour démontrer les nuances, la complexité et les compétences impliquées dans la pratique de la diplomatie scientifique. Grâce à ses expériences en matière de programmes de formation, d'organisation de conférences et de compilation de ressources de formation, le projet Horizon 2020 a accumulé un mélange unique de connaissances qui peuvent aider à faire progresser la façon dont la diplomatie scientifique européenne est enseignée, discutée et, en fin de compte, pratiquée. Ce document donne un aperçu des leçons tirées des expériences d'InsSciDE en matière d'enseignement et de discussion de la diplomatie scientifique sous un angle historique, et de la manière dont nous envisageons notre contribution aux initiatives futures.
Navigating the Complexities of Dementia Care: The Lived Experiences of Black American Family Caregivers
Authors: Ramos Mary Dioise , Spearman Jaelyn , Heath Jarrett , Lee Danielle , Adewuyi Modupe
Published: May 2023

Black American individuals have a higher rate of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) diagnoses compared to other racial/ethnic groups, and their family caregiver population is expected to increase rapidly over the next 2 decades. The current study aimed to explore Black American women's experiences caring for family members with ADRD. An interpretative phenomenology approach was used to gain a deeper understanding of the caregiving experiences of Black American women. Participants in the study were all Black American married women aged 63 to 81 years (mean = 71.3 years,
SD
= 6.6 years). Key themes that emerged from the study included: (a)
Family Care Obligation
, (b)
Caregiving Journey
, (c)
Prioritizing Health Concerns
, (d)
Coping Behaviors
, and (e)
Support Needs and Challenges
. Family caregivers require ongoing support, education, and guidance. Implications for nursing practice include focusing on family assessments, increased education and awareness, and collaboration with interdisciplinary teams to provide the best resources. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 49
(6), 19–26.]
Academic–Clinical Collaborations to Build Undergraduate Nursing Education in Hospice and Palliative Care
Authors: Osakwe Zainab Toteh , Horton Jay R. , Ottah Jane , Eisner Jill , Atairu Minne , Stefancic Ana
Published: May 2023

With the current shortage of hospice/palliative care (HPC) workforce, there is an urgent need to train a generation of nurses with clinical competency in HPC to ensure equitable access and optimal care for patients living with serious illness or at the end of life. The recent demand for HPC teaching in nursing education calls for innovation in establishing clinical placements. Palliative care nursing experts in New York State were surveyed between June and August 2022 about facilitators of academic–clinical partnerships between nursing schools and clinical settings. Inductive content analysis of open-ended responses revealed six major interconnected themes: (a)
Increase Awareness of HPC in the Nursing Program
, (b)
Build a Relationship With Administrators
, (c)
Look Beyond Acute Care Partnerships
, (d)
Offer Incentives
, (e)
Develop Direct Care Experiential Opportunities
, and (f)
Develop Non-Direct Care Experiential Opportunities
. Findings provide rich insights into key considerations for successful collaboration between nursing schools and clinical sites. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 49
(6), 13–18.]
Determinant Factors of Mortality in Pre-elderly and Elderly Patients With COVID-19 in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Febrianti Thresya , Salama Ngabila , Inggariwati  , Oktavia Dwi
Published: May 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality in pre-elderly and elderly individuals in Jakarta, Indonesia.Methods: We employed a case-control study design, utilizing secondary data from the Epidemiology Surveillance, Immunization Prevention, and Disease Control Sections of the DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Office, collected from December 2020 to January 2021. The study included 188 cases and an equal number of controls. Cases were COVID-19 patients confirmed to have died, as reported by hospitals and communities and subsequently verified by healthcare workers. Control subjects were patients who completed a 14-day isolation period and had been officially declared recovered by healthcare professionals. The dependent variable was the mortality of COVID-19 patients in the January 2021 period. The independent variables consisted of demographic data (age and sex), clinical symptoms (cough, runny nose, anosmia, diarrhea, headaches, abdominal pain, muscle pain, and nausea/vomiting), and comorbidities (hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes). Multivariate analysis was conducted using multiple logistic regression.Results: The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed several factors associated with COVID-19 fatalities in Jakarta: age of 60 years or older (odds ratio [OR], 4.84; 95% CI, 3.00 to 7.80), male (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 2.41 to 3.68), dyspnea (OR, 3.93; 95% CI, 2.04 to 7.55), anosmia (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.46), and heart disease (OR, 4.38; 95% CI, 1.04 to 18.46).Conclusions: The control and prevention of COVID-19 among elderly individuals require particular vigilance. When a COVID-19 case is detected within this demographic, prompt treatment and medication administration are crucial to mitigate the presenting symptoms.
COVID-19 Vaccination and Clinical Outcomes at a Secondary Referral Hospital During the Delta Variant-dominant Period in West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Rahadi Didan Ariadapa , Yusri Elfira , Putra Syandrez Prima , Semiarty Rima , Pertiwi Dian , Ilmiawati Cimi
Published: May 2023

Objectives: The second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Indonesia, during which the Delta variant predominated, took place after a vaccination program had been initiated in the country. This study was conducted to assess the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on unfavorable clinical outcomes including hospitalization, severe COVID-19, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and death using a real-world model.Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study involved patients with COVID-19 aged ≥18 years who presented to the COVID-19 emergency room at a secondary referral teaching hospital between June 1, 2021 and August 31, 2021. We used a binary logistic regression model to assess the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on unfavorable clinical outcomes, with age, sex, and comorbidities as confounding variables.Results: A total of 716 patients were included, 32.1% of whom were vaccinated. The elderly participants (≥65 years) had the lowest vaccine coverage among age groups. Vaccination had an effectiveness of 50% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25 to 66) for preventing hospitalization, 97% (95% CI, 77 to 99) for preventing severe COVID-19, 95% (95% CI, 56 to 99) for preventing ICU admission, and 90% (95% CI, 22 to 99) for preventing death. Interestingly, patients with type 2 diabetes had a 2-fold to 4-fold elevated risk of unfavorable outcomes.Conclusions: Among adults, COVID-19 vaccination has a moderate preventive impact on hospitalization but a high preventive impact on severe COVID-19, ICU admission, and death. The authors suggest that relevant parties increase COVID-19 vaccination coverage, especially in the elderly population.
National Cancer Control Plan of the Korea: Current Status and the Fourth Plan (2021-2025)
Authors: Han Kyu-Tae , Jun Jae Kwan , Im Jeong-Soo
Published: May 2023

Cancer management has become a major policy goal for the government of the Korea. As such, the government introduced the National Cancer Control Plan (NCCP) to reduce the individual and social burdens caused by cancer and to promote national health. During the past 25 years, 3 phases of the NCCP have been completed. During this time, the NCCP has changed significantly in all aspects of cancer control from prevention to survival. The targets for cancer control are increasing, and although some blind spots remain, new demands are emerging. The government initiated the fourth NCCP in March 2021, with the vision of “A Healthy Country with No Concerns about Cancer Anywhere at Any Time,” which aims to build and disseminate high-quality cancer data, reduce preventable cancer cases, and reduce gaps in cancer control. Its main strategies include (1) activation of cancer big data, (2) advancement of cancer prevention and screening, (3) improvement in cancer treatment and response, and (4) establishment of a foundation for balanced cancer control. The fourth NCCP has many positive expectations, similar to the last 3 plans; however, cross-domain support and participation are required to achieve positive results in cancer control. Notably, cancer remains the leading cause of death despite decades of management efforts and should continue to be managed carefully from a national perspective.
La nomenclature des gemmes entre science et histoire, de Marbode de Rennes (vers 1080) à Pouget fils (1762) : le cas exemplaire du rubis
Authors: Cassius-Duranton Marie-Laure
Published: May 2023

Les grands rubis historiques ne sont pas des « rubis » d’un point de vue gemmologique. Avant l’avènement de la minéralogie à la fin du xviiie siècle, les gemmes étaient définies selon d’autres critères énoncés notamment dans les lapidaires. Dans ces traités pré-scientifiques marqués par l’univers de la curiosité, le principal critère de classification était la couleur. Ainsi, des gemmes appartenant à la même espèce minérale ont été distinguées (tels le rubis et le saphir) et, à l’inverse, des gemmes de même couleur qui n’ont pourtant rien à voir d’un point de vue minéralogique se sont trouvées confondues (tels le rubis, le spinelle rouge et la tourmaline rouge). Cet article étudie l’évolution du lexique employé pour qualifier les gemmes rouges du Moyen Âge à la fin de l’époque moderne et explore l’imaginaire et la culture qui transparaissent à travers les mots.
Remote Code Execution
Authors: Raizada Sanskar , Matwani Likshit Girish , Singh Yudhveer
Published: May 2023

Data needs to be protected first and foremost these days. The biggest threat to any organization is when someone has access to its data, credentials, or sensitive information. Every firm is establishing its services online as we move toward a digital future, and for those services, data loss, disruption, or corruption pose a serious hazard . Web apps are becoming more and more popular because of their ability to meet both consumer and commercial needs. The most effective and efficient way to deliver business services to stakeholders is now possible with web applications. Many services are now offered through web apps, and the efficiency of those services is gauged by the speed at which they are processed and their informational capabilities. However, because of incorrect validation, those services may also be threatened. Currently, cyber-attacks are a serious concern for any global digital transition. This chapter presents a case study on a critical criteria vulnerability named RCE.
A INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS: PERSPECTIVAS PARA A PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA
Authors: Eril Medeiros da Fonseca  , Leandro Duso
Published: May 2023

Este texto tem como objetivo discutir a interdisciplinaridade no ensino de Ciências como possibilidade de romper a organização curricular tradicional e cartesiana preponderante nas escolas de educação básica, apontando a abordagem de projetos interdisciplinares como forma de integrar as diferentes disciplinas, procurando unir diferentes concepções baseadas em um conjunto de atividades para discutir um determinado tema e descrevendo as potencialidades e dificuldades da discussão de temas integrados nas aulas de ciências. As potencialidades na abordagem de projetos interdisciplinares são apontadas para a formação coletiva de grupos de docentes de uma mesma instituição de ensino, bem como dos estudantes envolvidos, levando à discussão sob o olhar de diferentes áreas do conhecimento, possibilitando uma tomada de decisão mais argumentada. Destaca-se que as principais dificuldades encontradas estão relacionadas à questão da aproximação entre as áreas de ciências humanas e ciências naturais. Dessa forma, entende-se que formações continuadas que abordem práticas interdisciplinares são imprescindíveis para a formação de professores, bem como a discussão na formação inicial com os futuros docentes.
A IMAGEM FOTOGRÁFICA: USOS E APLICAÇÕES NO ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA
Authors: Gleyson Fabrício Evangelista Bessa  , Angeliane Arceni Chefer  , Claudiane Chefer
Published: May 2023

Buscou-se neste trabalho discutir com base em uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo e nos estudos de os estudos de Kossoy, Rüsen e Barca, a utilização da fotografia como fonte documental aliada a ideia de cognição histórica e de aprendizagem histórica. Assim, foi possível primeiramente investigar, as origens do âmbito histórico, no qual a fotografia aos poucos se insere até ganhar seu espaço como uma fonte documental de relevância. Após, o conceito de fonte fotográfica foi ressaltado, para então ser possível delinear os processos de inserção da fonte fotográfica no ensino de história. Nesse sentido, foi admissível compreender que o ensino-aprendizagem no âmbito da História, como processo de construção da consciência histórica, juntamente com a elaboração de problematizações, que as fotografias empregadas no ensino como fontes históricas, podem ser apropriados recursos para favorecer o processo mental e a formação histórico-cultural para a vida prática dos estudantes e professores envolvidos no processo educacional.
ALFABETIZAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA, ALFABETIZAÇÃO MIDIÁTICA E ILHOTAS INTERDISCIPLINARES DE RACIONALIDADE: UMA VIVÊNCIA EM DIDÁTICA DAS CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Victória Emília Gomes Martins  , Tiago Venturi
Published: May 2023

O presente artigo objetiva narrar, de forma descritiva e analítica, a vivência em uma oficina didática em que foi desenvolvida a estratégia teórico-metodológica, denominada Ilhota Interdisciplinar de Racionalidade, em uma disciplina de Didática das Ciências, de um curso de formação inicial de professores em Ciências Exatas. O desenvolvimento decorre da necessidade de formar professores com conhecimentos profissionais que lhes permitam atuar no contexto atual, de pandemia e pós-pandemia, em que notícias falsas, as fake news, desinformam as pessoas. Ao analisar, com um olhar qualitativo, os diários de campo de uma das licenciandas participantes, observou-se como a metodologia pode contribuir para a formação de professores e em prol da alfabetização científica e midiática na Educação em Ciências. As atividades foram realizadas de forma remota, utilizando plataformas virtuais para o desenvolvimento das atividades. Apesar das dificuldades e limitações do distanciamento social, infere-se que a prática metodológica permitiu o desenvolvimento de autonomia docente, reflexão didático - pedagógica e compreensões acerca das relações entre alfabetização científica e interdisciplinaridade.
A MULHER NA CIÊNCIA: UM BREVE HISTÓRICO E REFLEXÕES SOBRE POLÍTICAS E AMBIENTE LABORAL
Authors: Ariane Guanini da Silva  , Ariane Guanini da Silva  , Nuria Criado Scarpin  , Maria Eduarda Monico Timoteo Silva  , Luisa Grespan Danhoni Neves  , Luciane Ferreira Silva  , Marcos Cesar Danhoni Neves  , Josie Agatha Parrilha da Silva
Published: May 2023

O presente texto tem por objetivo apresentar um breve histórico da luta das mulheres numa seara tão difícil como é o ambiente laboral na Ciência. Algumas lutas e nomes serão explorados, bem como algumas questões legais ligadas ao tema do protagonismo feminino. O aumento desse protagonismo também será discutido, além da discussão dos espaços sociais dicotomizados e naturalizados por um raciocínio masculino que impactam especialmente as áreas da Física e das Engenharias. É ressaltado o fato de que as mulheres na esfera da ciência não são desobrigadas de suas responsabilidades como mães, com os cuidados da casa, persistindo aí uma divisão sexual do trabalho gerando uma jornada excessiva, o que acaba por desestimular o protagonismo necessário que vem ocorrendo, mas ainda desprovido de políticas públicas que o suporte e o catapulte para um patamar superior aos níveis atuais do mercado de trabalho. É necessário, pois, tomar como ponto de partida a continuação e o aprofundamento do debate quanto ao papel das mulheres no Direito do Trabalho, na Ciência e nos ambientes trabalhistas em geral.
O ENSINO DE ELETRICADADE POR APRENDIZAGEM BASEADA EM PROJETOS: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA
Authors: Ederson Carlos Gomes  , Michel Corci Batista  , Polônia Altoé Fusinato
Published: May 2023

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar contribuições para a formação acadêmica de uma prática de extensão universitária, que envolveu acadêmicos do terceiro período de curso de engenharia de uma universidade pública. Para tanto, os acadêmicos realizaram atividades práticas e experimentais para ensinar conteúdos de eletricidade básica, para estudantes do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio (EM). Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários respondidos pelos universitários e suas respostas analisadas por meio da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, buscando inferências da Aprendizagem significativa. Os resultados indicaram que a atividade favoreceu um aprofundamento nos conhecimentos dos acadêmicos, bem como cumpriu o papel de aproximar a universidade da comunidade.
O LIVRO DIGITAL COMO POSSIBILIDADE DE UM TRABALHO INTERDISCIPLINAR ENTRE LITERATURA E ASTRONOMIA
Authors: Debora Regina da Rocha  , Driele Pimenta Silva  , Michel Corci Batista  , Maurício Cesar Menon  , Alessandra Dutra
Published: May 2023

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar as potencialidades de um livro digital para o ensino de Literatura e Astronomia numa perspectiva interdisciplinar, em uma turma de primeiro ano do Ensino Médio, de uma instituição privada da cidade de Maringá- PR. Esta pesquisa insere-se no campo das investigações qualitativas do tipo descritiva. Como instrumentos de constituição de dados utilizamos mapas mentais, construídos pelos alunos no início e no final da implementação da proposta, e o diário de campo elaborado pelos pesquisadores. Para a análise e interpretação dos dados utilizamos os pressupostos qualitativos propostos pelos autores Novak, Gowin e Buzan. Nossos resultados evidenciam que os alunos estiveram mobilizados para a realização das atividades, caracterizando assim nosso livro digital como um material potencialmente significativo. Os mapas mentais produzidos nos mostraram ainda que houve uma melhora significativa nos elementos abrangência do assunto e hierarquia, caracterizando assim uma diferenciação progressiva, o que a princípio podemos associar a um indício de aprendizagem significativa.
O ENSINO DA ESPECTROSCOPIA UV-VIS NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: CONSIDERAÇÕES INICIAIS
Authors: Daniel Maggioni  , Natalia Neves Macedo Deimling  , Cesar Vanderlei Deimling
Published: May 2023

Visando colaborar na superação de alguns problemas envolvendo o ensino da Física moderna em sala de aula, neste trabalho apresentamos uma breve revisão da literatura científica tendo em vista discutir os principais resultados obtidos em trabalhos que abordam o tema de interação da radiação com a matéria, em especial aqueles que utilizam técnicas de espectroscopia usando comprimentos de onda na faixa do visível, aplicados em atividades práticas na educação básica. Trata-se da primeira etapa de uma pesquisa de mestrado, em processo inicial de desenvolvimento, vinculada ao programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Física da UTFPR, campus Campo Mourão, em parceria com a Sociedade Brasileira de Física. Neste trabalho, discutimos as principais dificuldades e limitações indicadas pelas pesquisas já desenvolvidas sobre o tema, bem como os resultados positivos obtidos a partir das experiências já realizadas por professores sobre o tema em sala de aula. Partindo desses apontamentos, esperamos desenvolver um produto educacional para o ensino deste tema na educação básica que busque contribuir de maneira efetiva para a melhoria do processo de ensino-aprendizagem deste conteúdo da Física Moderna no ensino médio.
A TEMÁTICA PRESERVAÇÃO DA ÁGUA: O QUE PROPÕE OS LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: De Melo Splendore Anderson , Schmitt Zanella Marli , Vayne Alves Dias Néryla
Published: May 2023

Neste artigo objetivamos investigar as concepções a respeito da preservação água presente nos documentos oficiais, e em uma coleção de livros didáticos de Ciências, a fim de verificar quais conteúdos relacionados ao tema estão sendo propostos para serem discutidos em sala de aula. O material analisado é o utilizado por uma escola municipal da região noroeste do Paraná, e que faz parte de uma pesquisa mais ampla sobre o tema. A investigação possui caracter qualitativo e sua análise documental. Como resultados obteve-se que as concepções estão relacionadas a sua importância, uso, contaminação ou poluição, escassez e direito ao acesso.
“ECOMAR” UM BLOG COMO RECURSO PEDAGÓGICO INTERDISCIPLINAR PARA FORMAÇÃO DO SUJEITO ECOLÓGICO
Authors: Maristela Souza da Silva  , Walma Nogueira Ramos Guimarães
Published: May 2023

A vida na água é um dos objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) para 2030, principalmente porque o ambiente marinho encontra-se cada vez mais ameaçado pelas ações antrópicas. Com o objetivo de produzir um blog como recurso pedagógico interdisciplinar para formação de sujeitos ecológicos, fundamentada na aprendizagem online na perspectiva construtivista e nas competências gerais da Base Nacional Comum Curricular, essa pesquisa foi desenvolvida com os estudantes das séries finais do ensino fundamental de uma escola municipal da cidade do Paulista/PE e teve abordagem metodológica qualitativa e quantitativa do tipo pesquisa participante. O blog ECOMAR foi desenvolvido na plataforma WIX e se apresenta como fonte de pesquisa, informação e interatividade de grande importância para conservação dos ecossistemas marinhos, como também pode ser um recurso tecnológico utilizado em todos os componentes curriculares.
Cytotoxicity Study of nHAP/Chitosan and nHAP/Cellulose Composite Scaffolds Synthesized via Co-Precipitation for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Shokrzadeh Mohammad , Motafeghi Farzaneh , Farhadyar Nazanin , Fathi Fereshteh
Published: May 2023

The main purpose of this study is to synthesize nano-hydroxyapatite/cellulose (nHAP/Cel) and nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHAP/CS) scaffolds via co-precipitation method for bone tissue engineering due to their suitable biocompatibility, cytotoxicity and mechanical properties. The characterizations of these scaffolds were investigated by Infrared absorption spectra (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles was evaluated with bone marrow cell using the 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide) (MTT) assay. The porosity of scaffolds was estimated 87%. The results indicate that the nano composite scaffolds have good morphology, tissue biocompatibility and biodegradability to be used for tissue engineering.
S-EVC Method for Sorting Wafers with Defects that Extend to Bar Shaped SSFs
Authors: Takano Kazumi , Matsushita Yohsuke , Igarashi Yasuyuki
Published: May 2023

In the previous report [1], we proposed the S-EVC (Selective Expansion-Visualization-Contraction) method (Fig. 1) that effectively screens for malignant BPDs (basal plane dislocations) in the drift and buffer layers, which expand to SSFs (Shockley-type stacking faults), leading to forward voltage degradation. The method intentionally utilizes the REDG (recombination enhanced dislocation glide) mechanism by UV (ultraviolet) irradiation in wafer sorting to replace the so-called burn-in (accelerated current stress) process, which is time-consuming during mass production. In the report, triangular SSFs were examined to verify the effectiveness of the method, but they only occupy a much smaller area of the active region on the chip than bar shaped SSFs. In this study, to improve the S-EVC method to be more practical, we focused on the more serious bar shaped SSFs which have a non-negligible impact on electrical characteristics. The bar shaped SSFs are mostly expanded from TED (threading edge dislocation)-converted BPD at or below the substrate epitaxial layer interface. In PL (photoluminescence) observation by a 710 nm LPF (long-pass filter), the TED-converted BPD and the complete TED extended from the bottom of the substrate are observed as the same dark spot, but it was confirmed that both can be distinguished by the presence or absence of their SSF expansion by UV irradiation. In addition, in order to confirm the validity of the S-EVC method even on the virgin epi wafer, UV irradiation was performed on both the aluminum doped PN structured wafer and the virgin epi wafer, and the similar SSF expansion was observed. Meanwhile, the correlation between UV irradiation and forward voltage degradation was quantified using PiN diodes by comparing the glide velocity of 30°Si (g) core partials for bar shaped SSFs by UV irradiation stress with that by current stress.
Temperature Dependent Mobility Model for Predictive TCAD Simulations of 4H-SiC
Authors: Dixit Hemant , Lichtenwalner Daniel J. , Scholtze Andreas , Park Jae Hyung , Rogers Steven , Bubel Simon , Ryu Sei Hyung
Published: May 2023

We present a calibrated bulk mobility model for 4H-SiC. Hall measurements are performed on 4H-SiC samples to determine the bulk mobility/resistivity in the temperature range of 200-500K. We observe that temperature dependence of bulk resistivity cannot be predicted by popular mobility models available within TCAD tools. A careful investigation reveals that these popular mobility models need to be revised and replaced by a comprehensive model that can describe the impurity scattering effects dominant at low temperatures. We present a well calibrated bulk mobility model for 4H-SiC exhibiting excellent agreement with measured data, making it suitable for device simulation purposes using TCAD tools.
Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon Quantum Dots from Saba (Musa acuminata × balbisiana) Banana Peel Waste: Effect of Maturity and Carbonization Temperature
Authors: Magsino Ian Deniell S. , Aloria Alyssa Jehn M. , Magallanes Jhon Wesley B. , Bauan Marian B. , Castillo Marjelyn Mae M. , Agena Nicole Karen , Capina Prancess Rowa A. , Aquino Anita P. , Maalihan Reymark D.
Published: May 2023

Banana peels are considered one of the most abundant biowastes while Saba banana (Musa acuminata × balbisiana) is one of the most consumed fruit varieties in the Philippines. This research focused on the synthesis and characterization of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from ripe and unripe Saba banana peels (SBP) via hydrothermal carbonization using low (100°C) and high (200°C) carbonization temperatures. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that ripe CQDs synthesized at these temperatures (rCQDs-100 and rCQDs-200, respectively) possessed disk-shaped and quasi-spherical structures with particle size range of 1.71-5.05 nm and 1.55-4.66 nm, respectively. However, unripe CQDs (uCQDs-100 and uCQDs-200, respectively) could not be considered as quantum dots due to their flake-like morphology and relatively large particle size (>40 nm and 2.21-21.24 nm, respectively). Likewise, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy identified the presence of enormous functional groups in all samples. Interestingly, C=N group was found only in uCQDs corresponding to the presence of chlorophyll in the samples. Moreover, all the CQDs emitted blue-green color under UV light illumination, with rCQDs-200 exhibited the best fluorescence emission. Thus, the approach of synthesizing CQDs using ripe SBP at higher temperature offers higher reacted precursors, better morphology, and greater fluorescence emission.
Estimation of Capacity of Municipal Solid Waste - Based Power Generation Plant in Iraq
Authors: Othman Adel Ridha , Saleem Tamara Laith , Salman Saif Sajad , Kahtan Yaser Amar
Published: May 2023

Using Municipal solid waste as a fuel for electric power generation is considered of an important matter for the engineers and scientists now a day. The municipal solid waste (MSW) that is collected in Baghdad city the capital of Iraq is estimated to be 14,368 ton /day for year 2029 with population of 10,769,040. In this paper an MSW - based power generation plant is suggested to be constructed in Baghdad as there are three final disposals of MSW one of them is Nabaai disposal facility which is considered the main final disposal of MSW in Baghdad as 85% of the MSW is deposited in it. The calculation of the power produced by MSW-based power plant for Baghdad is 299 MW which is greatly assists in relieving the power generation crisis in Iraq.
Microfiber Optics Liquid Refractometer: The Effect of Taper Waist
Authors: Bakar Mohamad Aizat Abu , Li Alex Teh Boon , Krishnan Ganesan , Aziz Muhammad Safwan Abdul , Mohammad Sabah M. , Omar Ahmad Fairuz , Abdullah Mundzir
Published: May 2023

A simple tapered multimode fiber (MMF) optic sensor is proposed and demonstrated as a refractometer for liquid samples application. The working mechanism of such device is based on the intensity modulated transmission of the tapered fiber when it is immersed in solutions with increasing refractive index. The tapered fiber is fabricated using heat-pulling method to achieve a waist diameter of 40, 50 and 75μm over the length of 18 mm. The performance of the tapered fiber with different waist has been evaluated on samples of ethylene glycol solution and glycerol. The obtained results show good correlation with the data provided by a commercial refractometer. The main advantages of this sensor are its enablement of miniaturization and simplification, ease to fabricate and handle while providing high accuracy measurement.
High Sensitivity Surface Defect Inspection of SiC and SmartSiCTM Substrates Using a DUV Laser-Based System
Authors: Cela Enrica , Shahidi Sam , Parangi Prasant , Shrestha Ramesh , Simpson Gavin , Widiez Julie , Daval Nicolas , Chapelle Audrey , Rouchier Séverin , Schwarzenbach Walter
Published: May 2023

SmartSiCTM technology enables the supply of cost-effective and high-quality substrates to support the manufacturing of Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Devices and the transition to High Volume Manufacturing (HVM) [1]. As detailed in [2] SmartSiCTM is prepared using a poly-crystalline handle wafer, it combines the benefit from both an optimized high quality epi-ready 4H-SiC layer and an ultra high conductivity handle material. Smart CutTM technology can be extended to SiC 200mm substrates and first SmartSiCTM 200mm sample has been prepared [2].SmartSiCTM substrates crystal quality is inherited by donor wafers [1, 2] and do not require a systematic control, enabling a new defects monitoring strategy, focusing on surface defects.This paper describes how a commercially available DUV inspection system was utilized for high sensitivity, high-throughput inspections of 150 and 200 mm 4H-SiC and SmartSiCTM substrates, for the HVM environment. The KLA Surfscan® SP A2 unpatterned wafer inspection system offers the opportunity to complement other inspection technologies to optimize SiC substrate defect control, with low threshold detection, below 150 nm.
Optimizing PECVD a-SiC:H Films for Neural Interface Passivation
Authors: Greenhorn Scott , Zekentes Konstantinos , Bano Edwige , Stambouli Valerie , Uvarov Andrei
Published: May 2023

This work aims to optimize Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD) amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) as a conformal passivation layer for invasive microelectrode array (MEA) neural interface applications. By carefully tuning the PECVD deposition parameters, the composition, structure, electrical, and mechanical properties of the films can be optimized for high resistivity, low stress, and great resistance to chemical attack. This optimization will eventually allow a-SiC:H to be used as an ideal insulation, passivation and protection layer for thin and biocompatible all-SiC neural interfaces.
Influence of Modeling Approaches on the Response of a Retaining Wall
Authors: Amar Kahil , Karim Baziz
Published: May 2023

In this article, the evaluation of the behavior of a gravity retaining wall is analyzed by considering different modeling approaches. The influence of taking into account the spatial variability of soil parameters in modeling approaches on the response of a retaining wall, assessed through horizontal displacements behind the wall and vertical displacements at the base of the wall. The displacements were evaluated with the finite element software CESAR, developed by the Central Laboratory of Bridges and Roads in France (LCPC), and the statistical analysis of the results was performed with Microsoft Excel. The results indicated that the effects of modeling the soil as a heterogeneous case on the wall displacements were much more significant than when the soil is modeled considering the statistically homogeneous case or the analysis case of a multilayer. This influence of the modeling of the soil as being totally heterogeneous is expressed through the lower standard deviations of the displacements, and also through the narrowness of the band defined by the maximums and the minimums of the results of the displacements, with respect to the two other modeling cases. This result leads towards a gain in terms of accuracy of the results, considering the spatial variability of the soil parameters in both directions, horizontal and vertical.
Electrical Properties of GaN Cap Layer for AlGaN/GaN HEMT
Authors: Hamid Mohamad Hasnan Abdull , Mohd Asri Rahil Izzati , Nuzaihan Mohammad , Inaba Masafumi , Hassan Zainuriah , Kawarada Hiroshi , Falina Shaili , Syamsul Mohd
Published: May 2023

Metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) was used to grow AlGaN/GaN HEMT on a sapphire substrate with a 3.0 nm GaN cap and a sample without a GaN cap. High resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) was utilized to investigate the structural characteristics of the materials. The relationship between the electrical properties and two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) I-V and Hall Effect measurement. The I-V measurement was used to investigate the resistance properties of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures. Hall Effect measurement was used to quantify electron mobility and sheet carrier concentration in both samples. The sample with a 3.0 nm GaN cap exhibited excellent electrical properties with 436.8 Ω/sq sheet resistivity and possessed a high value of sheet carrier concentration 3.46E+14 per cm2.
Experimental Study on Dissolution Stability and Dispersion and their Influence on Tribological Properties for Reducing Friction and Prolonging Life of Armored Vehicle Engine Lubricating Oil Additives
Authors: Fan Bing Li , Sun An Nan , Li Zheng Jie , Guo Yi Wei , Qi Xiao Wen , Liu Chang Xin
Published: May 2023

A lubricating oil additive for armored vehicle engine was synthesized by ultrasonic dispersion and physical blending with polyisobutylene and poly alpha olefin as polymer matrix, nanoBN and nanoALN as antifriction materials and polyisobutylene succinimide as surfactant. Polymer-based lubricating oil additive, hydroxyl magnesium silicate powder additive, commercial anti-wear repairing agent Goldway and commercial anti-wear protective agent Chief were dispersed into 10W-40 armored vehicle engine special lubricating oil according to a certain mass fraction. The dissolution stability of different lubricating oil additives in lubricating oil was investigated by standing test. The effects of ultrasonic time and temperature on the dispersion of different kinds of lubricating oil additives in lubricating oil are investigated by using ultrasonic disperser and particle size analyzer. The MDW-5G multifunctional end-face friction and wear tester is used to simulate the actual working process of cylinder liner-piston ring in armored vehicles during driving, and tribological tests were carried out under conventional working conditions to evaluate the tribological properties of different lubricating oil additives. Scanning electron microscope was used to measure and analyze the wear surface morphology and friction interface elements after tribological test, and the lubrication mechanism of lubricating oil additives is revealed. The results show that the polymer-based lubricating oil additive has good dissolution stability and dispersion in lubricating oil. Compared with pure lubricating oil, the average friction coefficient of lubricating oil containing 3wt% polymer-based additives is 0.085, and the friction coefficient decreases by 38.8%. During the friction process, polymer-based lubricating oil additives form a self-repairing oil film to cover the surface of the sample through a series of complex physical and chemical reactions, which reduces the friction and wear between the grinding pairs and improves the lubricating performance of lubricating oil.
Hypothesis to Explain Threshold Drift due to Dynamic Bipolar Gate Stress
Authors: Scholten Dick , Baringhaus Jens , Krebs Daniel , Noll Stefan
Published: May 2023

We supply a hypothesis that explains threshold voltage (Vth) drift under dynamic bipolar gate stress in SiC-MOSFETs, postulating that ionized donor-like interface traps in the lower half of the bandgap, give rise to an increased internal electric field at each rising edge of a gate voltage pulse. The enhancement of the internal electric field may be viewed as a Vth -reduction, and we devised different experiments to assess this Vth -reduction. Comparing Vth -drift rate using different pulse shapes in dynamic bipolar gate stress tests, we estimated a temporary Vth -reduction in the order of 15 V within 200 ns after the rising edge. Measuring the drain-source current peak 200 ns after the rising edge of a rectangular pulse, gives an estimate for the Vth -reduction of 5.5 V. To resolve this discrepancy, we postulate that in inversion, positive traps are effectively screened such that the impact on the channel is spatially restricted and smaller than the channel length. Channel current will only flow where positive charges induce a percolation path between drain and source, reducing the apparent Vth -reduction in the current based measurement.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanosized Ti3O5 Crystals under Inert Gas Flow
Authors: Batdemberel Ganbat , Ganchimeg Yunden , Enkhtuul Mendsaikhan , Enkhtsolmon Otgonbayar , Munkhsaikhan Gonchigsuren , Otgonbayar Dugerjav
Published: May 2023

In the research, we show that suboxidic Ti7O13 and rutile TiO2 phases formed in addition to the general Ti3O5 phase when the sintering temperature was set at constant argon gas flow rate. Suboxidic Ti7O13 and rutile TiO2 phases were removed by tuning the flow rate of argon gas at constant sintering temperature. At the 1300°C temperature, the smallest Ti3O5 nanocrystals with a size of ~9 nm were produced. Flat shaped particles of Ti3O5 crystals were observed in SEM measurements.
Study on Application and Mechanism of Alkali Sulfadiazine Neodymium as PVC Heat Stabilizer
Authors: Ye Feng , Guo Kang Jie , Lu Sha Feng , Wang Xiao Dong , Shen Guo Yan , Shang Zhi Cai , Li Bo Bin , Ye Qiu Feng
Published: May 2023

In this paper, the alkali sulfadiazine neodymium (NdSD) was prepared from sulfadiazine and neodymium nitrate hexahydrate under alkaline conditions, and used as a heat stabilizer on PVC. The structure of NdSD was characterized by elemental analysis and infrared spectrum. The results show that the molecular formula of NdSD is Nd (SD)2·OH·H2O. The thermal degradation process of NdSD at 25-800°C was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the decomposition temperature of NdSD is higher than 200°C, which is suitable for PVC thermal stabilizer. The thermal stabilizer time of PVC by NdSD was characterized by static Congo red method. The results showed that the thermal stabilizer time of PVC increased from 2.7min to 23.2 min after adding NdSD. The discoloration effect of NdSD on PVC was characterized by oven discoloration method. The results indicate that PVC samples added with NdSD show better effect than other heat stabilizers. By means of silver nitrate solution method and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, it was proved that sulfadiazine neodymium can absorb and react with HCl, and further proposed a possible mechanism of NdSD stabilization of PVC.
Handgrip Strength and its Association with Anthropometric Measurements at Different Anatomical Positions of Arm among Young Individuals
Authors: Khader Ateka , Almashaqbeh Sami
Published: May 2023

Many studies have studied the relationships between handgrip strength and different Anthropometric variables. However, the hand anatomical position when measuring the handgrip strength was not clear in many studies. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the anthropometric measurements and the handgrip strength at different anatomical positions of the arm among young individuals. 59 young males and 41 females were asked to squeeze the hand dynamometer to their maximum capacity. The maximum handgrip force was recorded for 7 different arm anatomical positions. Using SPSS, an Independent student's t-test was used to compare male and female groups. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to determine the correlations between handgrip strength and the anthropometric measurements, weight, and BMI at different arm anatomical positions. Furthermore, the dominance weight was computed to determine the most important predictors of grip strength. Significant correlation between handgrip strength and height and weight at all positions and with hand length for all positions except when the arm was abducted and extended 180 ͦ at the shoulder joint and 180 ͦ at the elbow joint. Arm length, forearm length and handbreadth were also correlated to handgrip strength at three positions, when the arm was adducted with 90 ͦ forward at the elbow joint, when the Arm was abducted with 90 ͦ at the shoulder joint and 180 ͦ at the elbow, and when the arm was abducted with 90 ͦ at the shoulder joint and 90 ͦ at the elbow joint with the forearm perpendicular to the frontal plane. However, these correlations were different when males and females were considered separately. Furthermore, the results showed that the height followed by hand length had the highest prediction power of handgrip strength among young adults. The current results showed the importance of considering the different anatomical positions of the arm when studying the relationship between anthropometric measurements and hand grip strength.
Modification and Application of Materials for Strong Inhibitory Drilling Fluid
Authors: Jun Jia , Chen Lei , Wei Wei
Published: May 2023

Due to the strong inhibition of drilling fluid, many polymer fluid loss additives can not play their role. Therefore, it is necessary to develop some water loss reducing materials that can withstand the strong inhibition environment. In this paper, the surface of asbestos fiber was modified and treated by indoor experiments. The physical and chemical properties of the obtained drilling fluid treatment samples were evaluated to optimize the appropriate amount of reagents used for surface treatment of asbestos. Subsequently, the drilling fluid performance of the obtained treatment agent samples were evaluated at different temperatures to analyze the effect of temperature on the drilling fluid performance. The surface of asbestos fiber was modified by adsorbed cationic surfactant CTAC which better solved the problem of entanglement of asbestos fiber in drilling fluid. The mechanism of the action of the surface of asbestos fiber was analyzed by scanning electron microscope observation experiments. Subsequently, different amounts of modified asbestos fiber was added to the drilling fluid and the performance of drilling fluid was evaluated at different temperatures. The experimental results showed that the modified asbestos fiber reduced the filtration loss of drilling fluid and still maintained good filtration loss reduction effect at 200°C.
Physical Modelling of Charge Trapping Effects in SiC MOSFETs
Authors: Waltl Michael , Schleich Christian , Vasilev Aleksandr , Waldhoer Dominic , Stampfer Bernhard , Grasser Tibor
Published: May 2023

In the recent past, lots of efforts have been put into further developing SiC power MOSFETs. In addition to optimization of device geometry, i.e., vertical device structure, various post-oxidation anneals have been studied to improve carrier mobility by reducing trap density. Nevertheless, a considerable number of traps remain, which are the central origin for dynamic changes in the threshold voltage of up to several volts during DC and AC operation. To explain the threshold voltage instability, an effective two-state defect model has been recently applied. In this work, we give an overview of modeling efforts to explain the impact of defects on the device threshold voltage and discuss the hysteresis of voltage sweep and bias temperature instabilities in SiC transistors. Based on the combination of measurements and computer simulations, a list of potential defect candidates responsible for the observed threshold voltage instabilities is discussed.