bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Charge density on thin straight wire, revisited
Authors: Jackson J. D.
Published: July 2002

The question of the equilibrium linear charge density on a charged straight conducting “wire” of finite length as its cross-sectional dimension becomes vanishingly small relative to the length is revisited in our didactic presentation. We first consider the wire as the limit of a prolate spheroidal conductor with semi-minor axis a and semi-major axis c when a/c<<1. We then treat an azimuthally symmetric straight conductor of length 2c and variable radius r(z) whose scale is defined by a parameter a. A procedure is developed to find the linear charge density λ(z) as an expansion in powers of 1/Λ, where Λ≡ln(4c2/a2), beginning with a uniform line charge density λ0. We show, for this rather general wire, that in the limit Λ>>1 the linear charge density becomes essentially uniform, but that the tiny nonuniformity (of order 1/Λ) is sufficient to produce a tangential electric field (of order Λ0) that cancels the zeroth-order field that naively seems to belie equilibrium. We specialize to a right circular cylinder and obtain the linear charge density explicitly, correct to order 1/Λ2 inclusive, and also the capacitance of a long isolated charged cylinder, a result anticipated in the published literature 37 years ago. The results for the cylinder are compared with published numerical computations. The second-order correction to the charge density is calculated numerically for a sampling of other shapes to show that the details of the distribution for finite 1/Λ vary with the shape, even though density becomes constant in the limit Λ→∞. We give a second method of finding the charge distribution on the cylinder, one that approximates the charge density by a finite polynomial in z2 and requires the solution of a coupled set of linear algebraic equations. Perhaps the most striking general observation is that the approach to uniformity as a/c→0 is extremely slow.
Simple model of a piano soundboard
Authors: Giordano N.
Published: July 2002

The vibrational properties of a simple finite-element model of a piano soundboard are considered. The main focus is on the behavior of the mechanical impedance in the musically important frequency range ∼50–104 Hz. The model includes the effects of elastic anisotropy and the ribs. It is argued that the ribs are an essential ingredient for producing the behavior of the impedance which is observed experimentally.
Optimal determination of the material symmetry axes and associated elasticity tensor from ultrasonic velocity data
Authors: Aristégui Christophe , Baste Stéphane
Published: July 2002

A simultaneous identification of the angular parallax locating the higher symmetry coordinate system and the associated optimal stiffness tensor from wave speed measurements of obliquely ultrasonic bulk waves in an arbitrarily oriented coordinate system is presented. The property used in classifying a material with regard to its elastic symmetry is the existence and the number of planes of reflective or mirror symmetry. That leads to considering the problem of determining the symmetry class and the directions of the elements of symmetry. To consider the uncertainties of the experimental data, the wave speed measurements are only used to determine the symmetry frames and the optimal stiffness tensor. The proposed inverse propagation algorithm consists of minimizing a functional where the unknowns are the elasticity constants and the Euler angles between the geometric coordinate system and the frame of higher symmetry. Stability of the used least-square algorithm to the initial guesses and to the noise in the wave speed measurements is shown by using simulated data for materials with the most general anisotropy. The applicability of the method is demonstrated using experimental data for arbitrarily oriented but known composite materials.
Nonlinear acoustic waves in porous media in the context of Biot’s theory
Authors: Donskoy D. M. , Khashanah K. , McKee T. G.
Published: July 2002

The nonlinear dynamic equations introduced by Biot to model porous media have not been implemented to describe nonlinear acoustic waves in such media. In this work the equations are revised and a mathematical model depicting the physical nonlinearity is established. A perturbation technique is then applied to find solutions to the nonlinear Biot equations. An important feature of the developed model is the introduction of the dependence of the structural parameters of the medium on its porosity. The model establishes a correlation between the measurable effective nonlinear parameter and structural parameters of the porous medium. This suggests employing nonlinear measurements as a diagnostic tool for porous media.
On the velocities of localized vibration modes in immersed solid wedges
Authors: Krylov Victor V.
Published: July 2002

The approximate theory of localized elastic waves in immersed solid wedges earlier developed for wedges with small values of the apex angle [V. V. Krylov, Proc. IEEE Ultrason. Symp., Cat. #94, CHO 793–796 (1994)] has predicted that the effect of water loading results in velocity decrease for wedge modes travelling in the subsonic regime of wave propagation. The results of this theory, in particular the absolute values of wedge wave velocity calculated for slender Plexiglas wedges, agree well with the corresponding experiments. The present study demonstrates that for relative values of wedge wave velocity, as compared with those for wedges in vacuum, this theory provides good quantitative agreement with the experiments on Plexiglas samples also for large values of the apex angle. In addition to this, a generalization of the theory is undertaken to describe the effect of heavier wedge material and a supersonic regime of wave propagation. The corresponding results show good agreement with the existing velocity measurements in immersed brass wedges.
A high-resolution algorithm for complex spectrum search
Authors: Lu I-Tai , Qiu Robert C. , Kwak Jaeyoung
Published: July 2002

The principal aim of this work is to estimate, or to approximate, the complex k-space spectrum of the wave field arriving on a linear array. First, using linear approximation, the location-dependent effect of the wave field magnitudes is modeled as an extra “loss” factor in the complex spectral variable. This complex spectrum model may provide a better description of the physical process and require less sensor elements than the real spectrum model because of the additional degree of freedom provided by the “loss” factor. A high-resolution algorithm combining the singular value decomposition method and the eigen-matrix pencil method is then employed to find the complex spectra representing the incoming real spectrum and the location dependent factors of multipath and multimode arrivals. Five key features (noise immunity, robustness, resolution, accuracy, and physical insight) of the proposed algorithm are studied using numerical examples.
Contactless mode-selective resonance ultrasound spectroscopy: Electromagnetic acoustic resonance
Authors: Ogi Hirotsugu , Ledbetter Hassel , Kim Sudook , Hirao Masahiko
Published: July 2002

A noncontacting resonant-ultrasound-spectroscopy (RUS) method for measuring elastic constants and internal friction of conducting materials is described, and applied to monocrystalline copper. This method is called electromagnetic acoustic resonance (EMAR). Contactless acoustic coupling is achieved by energy transduction between the electromagnetic field and the ultrasonic vibrations. A solenoidal coil and static magnetic field induce Lorentz forces on specimen surfaces without using a coupling agent. By changing the field direction, a particular set of vibration modes can be selectively excited and detected, an advantage in identifying the vibration modes of the observed resonance peaks. Contactless coupling allows the measure of intrinsic internal friction free from energy loss associated with contact coupling. The elastic constants and internal friction measured by EMAR are compared with those by the usual RUS method for a rectangular-parallelepiped copper monocrystal. Both methods yielded the same elastic constants despite fewer resonant peaks in the EMAR case. The two methods gave essentially the same shear-mode internal friction, but the RUS method gave higher volume-mode internal friction.
Lexical boundary error analysis in hypokinetic and ataxic dysarthria
Authors: Liss Julie M. , Spitzer Stephanie M. , Caviness John N. , Adler Charles , Edwards Brian W.
Published: July 2002

This investigation is the second in a series to examine a potential source of reduced intelligibility in dysarthric speech, namely the mismatch between listeners’ perceptual strategies and the acoustic information available in the dysarthric speech signal. Lexical boundary error (LBE) analysis was conducted on listener transcripts from phrases produced by speakers with hypokinetic dysarthria, ataxic dysarthria, and normal controls. By design, the hypokinetic and ataxic dysarthric tapes elicited similar intelligibility (words-correct) scores. However, they elicited different numbers and patterns of lexical boundary errors. The nature of the error pattern differences can be traced to the listeners’ use of available syllabic strength information to segment the acoustic stream. Specifically, although both dysarthric speech samples elicited numerous lexical boundary errors, those for the hypokinetic speech generally conformed to predictions offered from studies of degraded normal speech. Those for the ataxic speech did not conform strongly to such predictions. It appears that the prosodic deficits of the ataxic speech (tendency toward syllabic isochrony, excessive loudness variation, and reduced vowel working space consequent to reductions in vowel strength) posed more of a problem for listeners than did the prosodic deficits of the hypokinetic speech (rapid rate, monotony, reduced vowel working space).
Elastic constants of an aluminum–alumina unidirectional composite
Authors: Vuorinen J. E. , Schwarz R. B. , McCullough C.
Published: July 2002

The five independent second-order elastic constants of a transversely isotropic aluminum/alumina fiber composite have been measured for the first time using a resonant ultrasound spectroscopy technique. These data were used to deduce the elastic constants and engineering moduli for off-axis loading conditions.
Polynomial Constitutive Equations for Viscoelastic Materials with Large Initial Deformation
Authors: Valanis K. C.
Published: July 2002

A polynomial constitutive equation is given which governs the behavior of a viscoelastic solid experiencing small, time-dependent strains superposed on large initial deformations. Through this equation, it is shown that the incremental state of stress is related to the history of incremental deformation through twelve relaxation functions, which may depend on the initial deformation. Finally, by means of direct comparison with a parallel relation obtained through thermodynamics of irreversible processes, further important restrictions on the number and character of the relaxation functions are established.
Extensional rheometry of polymer multilayers: A sensitive probe of interfaces
Authors: Levitt Leon , Macosko Christopher W. , Schweizer Thomas , Meissner Joachim
Published: July 2002

When an alternating stack of molten polymer sheets is pulled in uniaxial tension parallel to the layers, interfacial area per unit volume increases, amplifying interfacial effects. Multilayers of several polymer pairs were prepared by lamination (up to 100 layers). Pairs with low and high interfacial tension, Γ, and pairs with functional groups which could react were selected. These were stretched at 220 °C at various constant extension rates in a rotating clamp extensional rheometer. At low rates the extra measured stress could be related to Γ and the number of interfaces. At higher extension rates extra stress exceeded Γ. This method for measuring interfacial tension can be applied to opaque samples and does not require knowing sample density or viscosity. For the reactive pairs there was pronounced strain hardening caused by coupled and even cross linked chains at each interface. The contribution of the cross linked interface was shown to follow rubber elasticity theory. As a result of the reaction the measured stress was two orders of magnitude higher than for the nonreactive case. Extra stress due to the grafting reaction was also measured. It increased with extension rate, presumably due to entanglements of the grafts across the interface. No evidence of graft reaction reducing Γ was found.
Association Between Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy and Extraesophageal Reflux
Authors: Zeleník Karol , Javorská Zuzana , Taimrová Renata , Vrtková Adéla , Hránková Viktória , Tedla Miroslav , Lukáčová Kristína , Lubojacký Jakub , Formánek Martin , Komínek Pavel
Published: June 2022

Importance

To the authors’ knowledge, no prior studies have examined the association between inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH) and extraesophageal reflux (EER). If EER were a cause or cofactor of ITH, antireflux treatment can be considered prior to surgical intervention.

Objective

To evaluate EER presence and severity in patients with different degrees of ITH.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Prospective multicentric cohort study

conducted at 3 referral centers treating patients with EER and certified for 24-hour monitoring of oropharyngeal pH. The monitoring was performed between October 2020 and October 2021.

A total of 94 adult patients with EER symptoms were recruited, 90 of whom were analyzed.

Interventions

Nasal endoscopy was performed to determine the degree of ITH, according to the Camacho classification. Presence and severity of EER were examined using 24-hour monitoring of oropharyngeal pH.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcomes were presence of EER according to RYAN Score, total percentage of time below pH 5.5, and total numbers of EER events below pH 5.5.

Results

Of the 90 analyzed patients (median [IQR] age, 46 [33-58] years; 36 [40%] male patients), 41 had a maximum of second-degree ITH (group 1), and 49 patients had at least third-degree ITH (group 2), according to the Camacho classification. On the basis of the RYAN Score, EER was diagnosed more often in group 2 (69.4%) than in group 1 (34.1%; difference, 35.3% [95% CI, 13.5%-56.9%]). Moreover, compared with group 1, group 2 exhibited higher median total percentage of time below pH 5.5 (median [IQR], group 1: 2.1% [0.0%-9.4%], group 2: 11.2% [1.5%-15.8%]; difference, 9.1% [95% CI, 4.1%-11.8%]) and higher median total number of EER events (median [IQR], group 1: 6 [1-14] events, group 2: 14 [4-26] events; difference, 8 [95% CI, 2-15] events). Patients with proven EER demonstrated no difference in the degree of ITH between the right and left nasal cavity (Cohen g, −0.17 [95% CI, −0.50 to 0.30]), or between the anterior and posterior parts of the nasal cavity (Cohen g, −0.21 [95% CI, −0.50 to 0.17]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, patients with a higher degree of ITH had more severe EER. A possible association between severe ITH and EER was demonstrated.
Transcription factor Atf1‐dependent degradation of the mitotic cyclin Cdc13 is regulated by multiple factors in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Basu Sohini , Ghosh ProtitiMaiti , Ghosal Agamani , Datta Suchismita , Sundaram Geetanjali
Published: June 2022

The bZIP transcription factor Atf1 is a key player in the transcriptional programme of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell cycle. It also controls both expression and degradation of mitotic cyclin Cdc13. Temporal regulation of these opposing functions of Atf1 is critical for fidelity of cell division. Our investigations revealed that an increase in the activity of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) Spc1 during mitotic exit and the consequent phosphorylation of Atf1 along with the prevailing high activity of cyclin‐dependent kinase Cdc2 regulate Cdc13 degradation. Our results also indicate the possibility of a complex interplay between Cdc2 inhibitory kinase Wee1, the anaphase‐promoting complex and Atf1 during mitotic exit. These observations provide evidence of new regulatory mechanisms of mitotic exit.
Nanowires and Nanotubes
Authors: Wang Zhong Lin , Zou Haiyang , Wang Longfei
Published: June 2022

Nanowires and nanotubes are at the forefront of materials science and engineering. Owing to the unique structural one‐dimensionality and possible quantum confinement effects in two dimensions, nanowires and nanotubes exhibit many novel properties. They are considered to be critical building blocks for developing nanoscale devices. The synthesis and characterization of nanowires and nanotubes constitute an important part of the development of nanotechnology. Significant progress has been made in investigating their unique properties, especially mechanical, electronic, and optical properties. The general understanding of these materials serves as the foundation for advancing nanomanufacturing and nanodevices. This article introduces various types of nanowires and nanotubes, including their general synthesis, structure, characterization, physical and chemical properties, and their practical and potential applications.
Impacts of Bond Type and Grafting Density on the Thermal, Structural, and Transport Behaviors of Nanoparticle Organic Hybrid Materials‐Based Electrolytes
Authors: Feric Tony G. , Hamilton Sara T. , Haque Md. Ashraful , Jeddi Javad , Sangoro Joshua , Dadmun Mark D. , Park Ah‐Hyung Alissa
Published: June 2022

Nanoscale Organic Hybrid Materials (NOHMs) consist of polymers tethered to a nanoparticle surface, and NOHMs formed with an ionic bond between the polymer and nanoparticle have been proposed for electrochemical applications. NOHMs exhibit negligible vapor pressure, chemical tunability, oxidative thermal stability, and high ionic conductivity making them attractive in reactive and separation systems. In this study, NOHMs are synthesized by tethering Jeffamine M2070 (HPE) to SiO2 nanocores via ionic (NOHM‐I‐HPE) and covalent (NOHM‐C‐HPE) bonding to investigate the effect of the bond type on the thermal, structural and transport properties of the tethered HPE. In the neat state, NOHM‐C‐HPE displays the highest thermal stability in a nitrogen atmosphere, while NOHM‐I‐HPE is the most stable under oxidative conditions. Small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) reveals the presence of multiple types of HPE polymers in aqueous solutions of NOHM‐I‐HPE (i.e., tethered, interacting, and free), whereas only tethered HPE is observed in NOHM‐C‐HPE systems. Moreover, the SANS profiles identify clustering of NOHM‐C‐HPE in aqueous solutions, but not in the corresponding NOHM‐I‐HPE solutions, suggesting that the free HPE chains stabilize the dispersion of NOHM‐I‐HPE. The results of this study elucidate how the bond type and grafting density can be used to tune the properties of NOHMs.
Laser Induced Graphene/Silicon Carbide: Core–Shell Structure, Multifield Coupling Effects, and Pressure Sensor Applications
Authors: Lu Longsheng , Zhang Duankang , Xie Yingxi , He Hengfei , Wang Wentao
Published: June 2022

Latest advances have witnessed the laser scribing of various active materials from synthetic polymers to natural sources without masks, post‐treatment, or toxic substances. However, laser induced graphene (LIG) on renewable precursors usually requires flame‐retardant pretreatment and multistep pulsed or defocused irradiation. Laser scribing of silicon carbide (SiC) from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is limited by its high transparency over a broad wavelength range. Here, a structural design strategy is adopted to solve these two dilemmas at the same time, that is, laser scribing of carbonized cloth/PDMS to prepare LIG/SiC composites. Natural cotton cloth is precarbonized and inserted in PDMS substrate to facilitate heat absorption for the in situ formation of SiC, while the soft PDMS attached to the carbonized cloth absorbs heat and isolates oxygen, enabling the conversion of amorphous carbon to LIG. Under these multifield coupling effects, a core–shell LIG/SiC electrode is formed on the carbonized cloth with tunable mass ratio, morphology, and graphene defects. Experimentally, the LIG/SiC pressure sensor exhibits a good sensitivity of 1.91 kPa−1 in the super‐wide sensing range of 0–226.7 kPa. By demonstrating different scenarios such as real‐time monitoring of large body movements, tiny pulses and heartbeats, the flexible pressure sensors hold great promise in wearable electronics.
Dynamic Switching and Energy Storage Unified by Electrochemical Ion Intercalation
Authors: Yan Yaping , Tang Hongmei , Qu Zhe , Zhang Wenlan , Schmidt Oliver G. , Zhu Minshen
Published: June 2022

Ion‐intercalation compounds with transport pathways for guest ions find their prevalent applications in energy storage devices. Along with the ion intercalation, chemical transformations of the host material are involved, resulting in the change of the electronic structure. Electronic conductance, therefore, depends on the number of ions intercalated into the host material, leading to the development of new switching devices that use different electronic conductance states to store and process information. Although energy storage and dynamic switching devices are often regarded as completely different, the unified working mechanism based on ion intercalation opens up the possibility of integrating both devices and using them in a coordinated way. In this perspective, the materials and device designs of dynamic switching devices based on ion intercalation are briefly introduced and an unexplored avenue to project dynamic switching behaviors to the operation status of batteries with synergistic time and length scales is proposed.
Association of computed tomography scores to psychophysical measures of olfaction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Tiffany , Chidarala Shreya , Young Gabrielle , Jeong Seth S. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Edwards Thomas S. , Schlosser Rodney J.
Published: June 2022

Background

While various sinus computed tomography (CT) scoring systems have been proposed and used in the literature, no single system has been identified as superior. The strength of associations between CT scoring systems and measures of olfaction also remains unclear.

Methods

A systematic review of PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Studies that reported both CT scores and measures of olfaction in a cross‐sectional manner were included.

Results

A total of 37 studies were eligible for meta‐analysis. Of 8035 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, 55.6% were male patients and 53.2% had chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Analysis by meta‐regression was performed of Lund‐Mackay (LM) versus Smell Identification Test‐40 (SIT‐40; 12 studies), Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT; 10 studies), Sniffin’ Sticks (SS; 10 studies), and Toyota & Takagi (T&T) olfactometry (four studies). A significant moderate association was found between LM and SIT‐40 (R2 = 0.612, p < 0.001) and LM and SS (R2 = 0.612, p < 0.001). An association between LM and BSIT approached significance (R2 = 0.461, p = 0.054). No significant associations were noted between LM and T&T olfactometry and between LM and SS when stratified by nasal polyp status.

Conclusion

There is a significant moderate association of current CT scoring systems to SIT‐40 and SS. Further research should focus on associations of objective measures of olfaction to CT scores of the nasal cavity, sinuses, and olfactory cleft, as well as other disease markers.
The Spanish‐English bilingual experience and cognitive change in Hispanics/Latinos from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos‐Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging
Authors: Lamar Melissa , Tarraf Wassim , Wu Benson , Perreira Krista M. , Lipton Richard B. , Khambaty Tasneem , Cai Jianwen , Llabre Maria M. , Gallo Linda C. , Daviglus Martha L. , González Hector M.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Studies suggest bilingualism may delay behavioral manifestations of adverse cognitive aging including Alzheimer's dementia.

Methods

Three thousand nine hundred sixty‐three participants (unweighted mean population age ≈56 years) at Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos baseline (2008–2011) self‐reported their and their parents’ birth outside the United States, Spanish as their first language, and used Spanish for baseline and comparable cognitive testing 7 years later (2015–2018). Spanish/English language proficiency and patterns of use were self‐rated from 1 = only Spanish to 4 = English > Spanish. Cognitive testing included test‐specific and global composite score(s) of verbal learning, memory, word fluency, and Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS). Survey linear regression models examined associations between baseline bilingualism scores and cognition.

Results

Higher second‐language (English) proficiency and use were associated with higher global cognition, fluency, and DSS at follow‐up and better than predicted change in fluency.

Discussion

The bilingual experience was more consistently related to 7‐year level versus change in cognition for Hispanics/Latinos.
Cu (Ι) catalyzed A3 cascade coupling via C‐H functionalization followed by cyclization: Synthesis, in silico, in vitro, and toxicity studies of imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles
Authors: Hoolageri Swati R. , Kamble Ravindra R. , Nesaragi Aravind R. , Bheemayya Lokesh , Nadoni Vishwa B. , Dixit Shruti , Vootla Shyamkumar , Joshi Shrinivas D.
Published: June 2022

An influential method for the synthesis of imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles via copper (I) catalysis was advanced through a multicomponent coupling of pharmacological scaffolds involving 2‐aminothiazolyl‐coumarin, benzaldehyde, and phenyl acetylene, a concealed variation. The protocol allows the establishment of highly efficient and user‐friendly catalytic system for the A3 cascade coupling; also, an environmentally benign, economical, and readily obtainable CuSO4/sodium ascorbate is portrayed. A sequence of 15 novel imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles (7j–x) were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity, in silico studies, and oral toxicity studies. The in vitro antifungal and antibacterial screening of synthesized compounds manifested favorable activity and disclosed that all these previously unknown compounds showed significant activity. Amid them, compound 7u portrayed the most effective inhibitory activity.
Design, synthesis, spectral characterization, photo‐cleavage, and in vitro evaluation of anticancer activities of new transition metal complexes of piperazine based Schiff base‐oxime ligand
Authors: Ragab Mona S. , Soliman Marwa H. , Shehata Mohamed R. , Shoukry Mohamed M. , Ragheb Mohamed A.
Published: June 2022

The newly synthesized Schiff base‐oxime ligand, namely, (2Z,3E)‐3‐((3‐(4‐(3‐(((2E,3E)‐3‐(hydroxyimino)butan‐2‐ylidene)amino)propyl)piperazin‐1‐yl)propyl)imino)butan‐2‐one oxime (H2L) and its Co (II), Cu (II), and Zn (II) complexes were reported. The characterization was accomplished with the aid of CHN‐EA, mass, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), electronic spectra, magnetic moment, molar conductance and TGA. According to the spectroscopic approaches, the synthesized ligand (H2L) may act as a tetradentate or hexadentate (bis‐tridentate) coordinating ligand through the azomethine nitrogen, piperazinyl nitrogens, and oximato‐nitrogens affording distorted square planar mononuclear Co (II) complex or tetrahedrally distorted square planar binuclear Cu (II) and Zn (II) complexes whereas the coordination mode varies according to the nature of the metal ion. The microbial resistance of all the synthesized compounds was evaluated and reported. Findings showed that the Cu (II) complex has mostly the highest inhibitory effects against all tested microbial strains. Besides, the anticancer nature of the studied compounds was also evaluated against a panel of three different human cancer cells, including (HCT‐116), (MDA‐MB‐231), (HepG2) in addition to the (WI‐38) used as a healthy cells. In general, the Cu (II) complex displayed the best cytotoxic profiles against the tested cells than the Co (II) and Zn (II) complexes with negligible toxicity towards the (WI‐38) normal cells. The DNA cleavage activities of all tested compounds were assayed against pBR322 plasmid DNA. Whereas, the Cu (II) complex showed the highest DNA cleavage propensity, which proceeds predominantly via the oxidative mechanism. Additionally, flow cytometric analysis dictates that the Cu (II) complex induces cell cycle arrest in S‐phase and apoptotic cell death on HCT‐116 cells. The morphological transformations distinguished in HCT‐116 cells treated with Cu (II) complex have been depicted with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The docking results indicate that the Cu (II) complex strongly interacts with human colon cancer (6GUE), Escherichia coli (3T88), Klebsiella pneumoniae (4HL2), and Staphylococcus aureus (3WQU) proteins, through different modes of interactions that harmonize successfully with the experimental results.
Enhancing sustainable development: Innovation ecosystem coopetition, environmental resource orchestration, and disruptive green innovation
Authors: Xin Xiaohua , Miao Xiaoming , Cui Rixiao
Published: June 2022

Disruptive green innovation stands out in an important way to achieve corporate sustainable development. Although the general importance of innovation ecosystem has recently been emphasized, little research has considered the influence of innovation ecosystem coopetition on disruptive green innovation. Combining resource‐based view and resource orchestration theory, this study sheds light on the relationships among innovation ecosystem cooperation and competition, environmental resource orchestration, and disruptive green innovation under the moderating role of big data analytics capability. Using data collected from 295 manufacturing enterprises in China, the results show that both innovation ecosystem cooperation and competition have positive effects on environmental resource orchestration，and that environmental resource orchestration has a positive effect on disruptive green innovation. Furthermore, environmental resource orchestration is found to partially mediate the relationship between innovation ecosystem cooperation and disruptive green innovation, and to fully mediate the relationship between innovation ecosystem competition and disruptive green innovation. Moreover, we find that big data analytics capability has a moderating effect on the relationship between innovation ecosystem cooperation and environmental resource orchestration, whereas it does not moderate the relationship between innovation ecosystem competition and environmental resource orchestration. This study opens avenues for understanding the relationship between innovation ecosystem coopetition and disruptive green innovation, which enriches literature on both innovation ecosystem and green innovation. Likewise, this study has important implications for practitioners who attempt to promote market disruption and sustainable development with the help of ecosystems.
Relative deprivation, national GDP and right‐wing populism: A multilevel, multinational study
Authors: Cena Lorenzo , Roccato Michele , Russo Silvia
Published: June 2022

We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2018 (ninth round) European Social Survey dataset (N = 19,512, nested in 24 countries) to analyse the association between relative deprivation and right‐wing populist voting, moderated by participants' income and their country's GDP. A multilevel moderated model showed that relative deprivation, income and GDP had no association with right‐wing populist votes by themselves. However, income and GDP moderated the relation between relative deprivation and right‐wing populist votes, that was significant for participants with high incomes and for those living in wealthy countries. The strengths, limitations and future developments of the study are discussed.
Undergraduate research at community colleges: A pathway to achieve student, faculty, and institutional success
Authors: Rosas Alquicira Edgar F. , Guertin Laura , Tvelia Sean , Berquist Peter J. , Cole M.W.
Published: June 2022

This chapter examines undergraduate research (UR) from student, faculty, and institutional perspectives. We explore UR implementation models in community colleges, discuss selected examples of practice, present a summary of lessons learned, and make recommendations to advance UR and its early execution into the college curriculum from a holistic perspective.
Faculty‐led professional development: Designing effective workshops to facilitate change
Authors: Miller Seth H. , DeMolle Diondra , Menge Karen , Voorhees David H.
Published: June 2022

Designing effective faculty‐led professional development (PD) workshops is easier than it sounds and is a highly rewarding way for faculty to become change agents on their own campuses. This chapter presents the authors’ experiences leading PD workshops and provides a roadmap to make the workshop development process straightforward and fun for other faculty members.
Performance enhancement and optimization for rod‐baffle heat exchangers with twisted oval tubes
Authors: Duan Xudong , Xiao Juan , Sun Lijuan , Wang Simin
Published: June 2022

Twisted oval tubes were proposed to be installed in rod‐baffle heat exchangers (RBHXs) to enhance heat transfer performance. A comparison between RBHXs with twisted oval tubes and those with circular tubes is performed. The results show that the heat transfer coefficient (h) per unit pressure drop (Δp) of RBHXs with twisted oval tubes is larger than 36.01%~100.24% compared with that of circular tubes when Reynolds numbers are 4577~22 889, and heat transfer enhancement is more obvious under lower inlet velocity. Then the structural parameters of RBHXs with twisted oval tubes are optimized using the response surface model and genetic algorithms. The results show that the h decreases first and then remains constant with the increase of the twisted pitch length, and decreases first and then rises again with the increase of the ratio of long axis to short axis. The Δp almost keeps constant with increasing twisted pitch length and decreases by 36.67% with the increase in the ratio of long axis to short axis. The comprehensive performance index h/Δp of the RBHXs with twisted oval tubes is enhanced by an average of 26.42% compared with that of original structure. The research results have a good guideline for heat transfer enhancement and the structural design of RBHXs.
PROTOCOL: Instruments for the evaluation of emotional intelligence in persons with hearing impairments: A scoping review
Authors: Potmesilova Petra , Potmesil Milon , Mareckova Jana
Published: June 2022

Objective

This scoping review aims to identify and describe the instruments used to evaluate emotional intelligence in deaf and hard of hearing (D/HH) persons.

Introduction

Emotional intelligence is a person's ability to work with emotions in response to a particular situation. Deafness or a hard of hearing has a negative effect on functioning in the field of emotional intelligence and leads to a specific approach to the diagnosis or evaluation of emotional intelligence.

Inclusion Criteria

The scoping review will consider studies focused on persons who are deaf or hard of hearing at any age. The review will consider studies that feature existing instruments and the process of the evaluation of emotional intelligence in people with hearing disabilities. Relevant information will include the type, extent, and form of possible modification of specific instruments and approaches. Criteria for the exclusion of the study will be in terms of the target category being persons with a cochlear implant, psychiatric diagnoses, persons who have become deaf, and persons with multiple disabilities.

Methods

The review will be conducted following the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. The databases to be searched include MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Plus, ProQuest Central, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Clinical Trials, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar. The search for unpublished studies will include ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (ProQuest). Eligible studies will undergo data extraction by two independent reviewers using a tool created by the authors. Along with a narrative summary, the results will be presented in diagrammatic or tabular form.
Catalytic role of binary oxides (CuO and Al2O3) on hydrogen storage in MgH2
Authors: Jubair Ahammed , Rahman Md. Akhlakur , Khan Md. Maksudur Rahman , Rahman Md. Wasikur
Published: June 2022

Hydrogen sorption characteristics of magnesium hydride (MgH2) were enhanced by ball milling for 12 h under an inert atmosphere with the addition of 20 wt% Al2O3 and as prepared CuO. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) characterization and thermal gravimetric analyzer coupled with a mass spectrometer (TGA‐MS) of the ball milled samples were carried out to determine the H2 sorption reactions. Additionally, XRD data were analyzed using Rietveld method to identify the crystallographic properties. Ball milled MgH2 with β and γ allotrope mixtures were found with broad peaks in XRD indicating the as prepared samples are amorphous and strain, alongside bare additives. H2 sorption in MgH2 is greatly enhanced by the presence of CuO and Al2O3 binary oxides. TGA experiment demonstrated fast desorption kinetics for ball milled samples with the oxide additives. Particularly, MgH2 milled with CuO showed a more remarkable effect on desorption kinetics rather than Al2O3. It takes less than 10 min to desorb more than 5 wt% H2 at 623 K. The activation energy of H2 desorption was estimated for the mixtures by Kissinger method and the lowest value (65 kJ mol−1) was obtained for the MgH2/CuO mixture. A kinetic model has been proposed in the context to illustrate the complex mechanism of dehydrogenation of MgH2 with the additives. Finally, the addition of metal oxides influences H2 sorption characteristics of MgH2 through lowering the activation energy and reducing the waste of energy for diffusing the thin layer of Mg that creates a pathway to store H2 within the system.
Petrology and geochronology of sapphirine‐bearing granulites from the Limpopo Complex in eastern Botswana: Implications for Palaeoproterozoic long‐lived high‐pressure/ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphism and rapid exhumation
Authors: Basupi Thembiso O. , Tsunogae Toshiaki , Tsutsumi Yukiyasu
Published: June 2022

The Limpopo Complex in southern Africa is a classic example of Neoarchean collisional orogens with a Palaeoproterozoic thermal overprint. We report new petrological, pressure–temperature (P–T), and geochronological data of sapphirine‐bearing Mg–Al‐rich and pelitic granulites from a metasupracrustal unit (the Beit Bridge Complex [BBC]) in the eastern part of Botswana to constrain its P–T–time evolution. Textural observations and phase equilibria modelling of the peak mineral assemblage of Mg–Al‐rich granulites (K‐feldspar + orthopyroxene [Opx2; Al2O3 up to 8.8 wt.%] + sillimanite [Sil2] + quartz + rutile + biotite [Bt2] + inferred melt) in the NCKFMASHTO system recorded a peak metamorphic condition of >930°C and > 10.3 kbar. A pelitic granulite recorded consistent P–T conditions of 960–980°C and > 10.3 kbar, indicating high‐pressure (HP) and ultrahigh‐temperature (UHT) metamorphism for the BBC in Botswana. Post‐peak retrograde conditions were obtained based on the stability of sapphirine + cordierite symplectite assemblage in the Mg–Al‐rich rocks (820–860°C and 6.4–7.0 kbar) and orthopyroxene [Opx3] + cordierite symplectite assemblage in the pelitic granulite (830–930°C and 4.3–5.8 kbar), indicating near‐isothermal decompression after the peak HP–UHT metamorphism along a clockwise P–T path. Similar HP–UHT metamorphism followed by a near‐isothermal decompression along a clockwise P–T path was reported from different regions of the BBC in South Africa and Zimbabwe (P > 14 kbar and ~1,000°C based on the stability fields of magnesian staurolite and sapphirine + quartz assemblage), although the peak P–T condition is slightly lower in Botswana. Monazite grains with patchy zoning show isochron ages of 2,115 ± 77 Ma for Th‐poor domains, and 2,058 ± 40 Ma and 2,033 ± 34 Ma for Th‐rich domains. Similar ages were obtained from zircon U–Pb geochronology as 2,232–2,135 Ma and 2,010 ± 19 Ma (Th/U = 0.05–0.26). The younger ages (2.0 Ga) probably indicate the timing of near‐peak high‐grade event, while the older ages might indicate a thermal event during the prograde heating stage. The P–T conditions and zircon/monazite ages suggest Palaeoproterozoic long‐lived metamorphism associated with intracontinental transpressional tectonics related to Palaeoproterozoic orogenic events around the united Zimbabwe–Kaapvaal Craton.
Cognitive impairment, perceived medication adherence, and high‐risk medication use in patients with reduced kidney function: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Sheets Kerry M. , Davey Cynthia S. , St. Peter Wendy L. , Reule Scott A. , Murray Anne M.
Published: June 2022

Background and Aims

Reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) is a risk factor for cognitive impairment (CI) and medication nonadherence. However, the association between CI and medication adherence in adults with reduced eGFR has not been adequately examined. Our pragmatic objectives were to assess the cross‐sectional relationship between CI and self‐reported medication adherence, medication number, and use of potentially high‐risk medications among adults with reduced eGFR.

Methods

An observational cohort study of the epidemiology of CI in community‐dwelling adults aged 45 years or older with reduced eGFR.

Results

Our analytic cohort consisted of 420 participants (202 with CI; mean age: 69.7 years) with reduced eGFR, at least one prescription medication, and nonmissing medication adherence data. Participants with CI had four times greater unadjusted odds of reporting good medication adherence than participants without CI (self‐report of missing medications <4 days/month; odds ratio [OR]: 4.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]:​​​​​ 1.62–10.10). This difference persisted following adjustment for demographic factors and comorbidities (OR: 5.50, 95% CI: 1.86–16.28). Participants with CI were no more likely than participants without CI to report forgetfulness as a reason for missing medication doses. Participants with CI were, on average, taking more total (mean: 13.3 vs. 11.5, median: 12 vs. 11) and more high‐risk (mean: 5.0 vs. 4.2, median: 5 vs. 4) medications than those without CI; these differences were attenuated and no longer significant following adjustment for demographics and comorbidities.

Conclusion

Given the well‐documented association between CI and medication nonadherence, better self‐reported medication adherence among those with CI may represent perceptions of adherence rather than actual adherence. Participants with CI were, on average, taking more total and more high‐risk medications than those without CI, suggesting a possible increased risk for adverse drug events. Our results highlight the potential risks of relying on self‐reported medication adherence in reduced eGFR patients with CI.
Reference prices and withdrawn acquisitions
Authors: Lai Shaojie , Pu Xiaoling , Wang Qing (Sophie) , Zhang Jianing
Published: June 2022

Using a sample of 1525 withdrawn deals from 1981 to 2015 in the United States, we find that target firms close to their 52‐week high prices after merger announcements have lower withdrawal probabilities. The effect is different across merger waves. The out‐wave deals are sensitive to the target reference prices while in‐wave deals are not. Moreover, targets with post‐announcement prices close to 52‐week high tend to have higher withdrawn returns and receive higher adjustments of offering prices in renegotiation. Overall, our results suggest that target post‐announcement stock prices significantly affect deal outcomes.
Robotic‐assisted laparoscopic removal of dermoid cyst mimicking an enlarged cystic mass in the seminal vesicle
Authors: Lascano Danny , Hsieh Kelly , Kedia Bhuvi , Higgins John P , Chung Benjamin I
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Isolated seminal vesicle cysts not associated with Zinner syndrome is a rare disorder that can present initially with urinary obstructive symptoms or nonspecific groin pain.

Case description

We present the uncommon case of a dermoid cyst mimicking a seminal vesicle cyst treated with robotic‐assisted laparoscopic seminal vesiculectomy.

Conclusion

For dermoid cysts, surgical excision is the gold standard of treatment with a high cure rate and little risk of regrowth if spillage is avoided and full resection is completed. Robotic‐assisted laparoscopic surgery is a viable management option with good visualization of the anatomy.
Liesegang rings in the setting of end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Gross Alexander R , Amin Shahrier , Jelic Tomislav
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Liesegang rings are acellular, lamellar, concentric rings of organic or inorganic material naturally formed in both biologic and environmental systems. Description in human tissue is scarce. Liesegang rings have exclusively been identified in association with pathologic disease processes and thus are not typically considered in differential diagnosis. They are usually described with cystic or inflammatory lesions. Histologically, Liesegang rings show features that are also seen in sections of parasitic ova, larvae, psammoma bodies, and by radiology as calcifications in cystic diseases of the breast and kidney.

Case presentation

We noted at autopsy of a 59‐year‐old diabetic woman multiple black “stones” in the renal medulla. Microscopic examination demonstrated these to contain Liesegang rings.

Conclusion

Liesegang rings formation should be considered in the differential diagnosis of atypical appearing deposits in the kidneys and other tissues. They may play a role in the pathogenesis of kidney stones.
Modified foreign body reaction to silicone imbedded in subcutaneous tissues by different mouse systemic immune conditions
Authors: Yamakawa Tomohiro , Ichii Osamu , Nakamura Teppei , Namba Takashi , Elewa Yaser Hosny Ali , Masum Md. Abdul , Otani Yuki , Nishimura Takanori , Kon Yasuhiro
Published: June 2022

Foreign body reaction (FBR) causes unexpected adverse effects due to implanted materials in humans and animals. Inflammation and subsequent fibrosis during FBR seems to be affected by recipient immunity, such as the balance of T helper (Th) response that has the potential to regulate FBR‐related macrophage function. Here, the immunological effects of FBR on subcutaneously imbedded silicone tubes (ST) at 8 weeks were investigated histologically by comparing Th1‐biased C57BL/6N, Th2‐biased MRL/MpJ, and autoimmune disease‐prone MRL/MpJ‐Faslpr/lpr. Tissue surrounding ST (TSS) was analyzed at day (D) 7 and 14 (reaction phase) or D35 (stability phase) after surgery. In all strains, the TSS was composed of a thin layer (TL) containing fibrous tissues and loose connective tissues formed outside the TL. Few lymphocytes and mast cells, several neutrophils, and numerous macrophages infiltrated the TSS. Active vascularization was observed at D14 in all strains. For the examined indices, M1‐type macrophage density in the TSS of C57BL/6N mice was significantly higher at D14 compared to other strains. No significant strain difference relating to M2‐type macrophages was detected, suggesting the effects of Th1‐biased immunity on FBR‐related inflammation. Collagen fibers in the TSS increased in density and became stable with age in all strains. In particular, MRL/MpJ‐Faslpr/lpr showed progressive fibrotic features. Serum autoantibody levels in MRL/MpJ‐Faslpr/lpr mice were inversely correlated with M1‐type macrophage density. These data from MRL/MpJ‐Faslpr/lpr mice suggested modifications of FBR‐related inflammation and fibrosis by autoimmune abnormalities. The results provide crucial insights into the pathological modification of FBR by recipient immunity and emphasize its clinicopathological importance in humans and animals.