bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of soybean milk, chitosan, and anti-Streptococcus mutans IgY in malnourished rats’ dental biofilm and the IgY persistency in saliva
Authors: Bachtiar Endang W. , Soejoedono Retno D. , Bachtiar Boy M. , Henrietta Alisya , Farhana Nur , Yuniastuti Mindya
Published: September 2015

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the effect of soybean milk containing a combination of anti-Streptococcus mutans IgY and chitosan to the colonization of S. mutans in the saliva and to the IgY persistency in the saliva.

Materials and Methods

Experimental malnourished Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with soybean milk that is enriched with anti-S. mutans IgY and chitosan. After 15 days of feeding, we evaluated the S. mutans in dental biofilm, in addition to the persistency level of anti-S. mutans IgY.

Results

The rats that received soybean milk supplemented with anti-S. mutans IgY had the lowest number of S. mutans colonies (p < 0.05). Anti-S. mutans IgY was detected in saliva after 15 days of feeding.

Conclusions

Soybean milk supplemented with anti-S. mutans IgY and chitosan could significantly reduce S. mutans biofilm, and the supplemented anti-S. mutans IgY persisted in these rats’ saliva following the feeding period.
Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research
Authors: Clark Luke
Published: September 2015

Billieux et al. (2015) propose that the recent proliferation of behavioral addictions has been driven by deficiencies in the underlying research strategy. This commentary considers how pathological gambling (now termed gambling disorder) traversed these challenges to become the first recognized behavioral addiction in the DSM-5. Ironically, many similar issues continue to exist in research on gambling disorder, including question-marks over the validity of tolerance, heterogeneity in gambling motives, and the under-specification of neuroimaging biomarkers. Nevertheless, I contend that the case for gambling disorder as a behavioral addiction has been bolstered by the existence of clear and consistent functional impairment (primarily in the form of debt), coupled with the development of a public health approach that has given emphasis to product features (i.e. the structural characteristics of gambling forms) as much as individual dispositions (the ‘addictive personality’).
Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research
Authors: Ko Chih-Hung , Yen Ju-Yu
Published: September 2015

Background and Aims

The commentary aims to provide clarity to the article “Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research.”

Methods

We provide another viewpoint for the important issues of behavior addiction.

Result

The course of behavior addiction should be further studied. The criteria of withdrawal and tolerance of behavior addiction are ill-defined and need to be further evaluated.

Conclusions

The etiology, course, presentation, and functional impairment of behavior addiction should be validated by evidencebased data before being defined as a disorder.
Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research
Authors: Brevers Damien , Noel Xavier
Published: September 2015

Background

This paper is a commentary to a debate article entitled: “Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research”, by Billieux et al. (2015).

Methods and aim

This brief response focused on the necessity to better characterize psychological and related neurocognitive determinants of persistent deleterious actions associated or not with substance utilization.

Results

A majority of addicted people could be driven by psychological functional reasons to keep using drugs, gambling or buying despite the growing number of related negative consequences. In addition, a non-negligible proportion of them would need assistance to restore profound disturbances in basic learning processes involved in compulsive actions.

Conclusions

The distinction between psychological functionality and compulsive aspects of addictive behaviors should represent a big step towards more efficient treatments.
Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research
Authors: van der Linden Martial
Published: September 2015

This commentary proposes a complementary perspective to that developed by Billieux, Schimmenti, Khazaal, Maurage and Heeren (2015). The addiction-as-disease approach tends to sideline explanatory factors of a psychosocial, cultural, political, or historical nature. I therefore suggest taking into account not only the personal characteristics (loss of self-control, impulsivity) related to the disease model, but also the social determinants of addictive behaviors (weak social ties, social exclusion, hyperindividualism, poverty, unemployment, etc.). Moreover, the disease model of addiction removes addictive behaviors from the cultural and historical contexts that shape them. I argue that the cultural and historical reasons for which certain factors (such as loss of self-control) became so important in the explanation of addictive behaviors should be more thoroughly considered.
Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research
Authors: Maraz Aniko , Király Orsolya , Demetrovics Zsolt
Published: September 2015

Background and Aims

Survey-based studies often fail to take into account the predictive value of a test, in other words, the probability of a person having (or not having) the disease when scoring positive (or negative) on the given screening test.

Methods

We re-visited the theory and basic calculations of diagnostic accuracy.

Results

In general, the lower the prevalence the worse the predictive value is. When the disorder is relatively rare, a positive test finding is typically not useful in confirming its presence given the high proportion of false positive cases. For example, using the Compulsive Buying Scale (Faber & O’Guinn, 1992) three in four people classified as having compulsive buying disorder will in fact not have the disorder.

Conclusions

Screening tests are limited to serve as an early detection “gate” and only clinical (interview-based) studies are suitable to claim that a certain behaviour is truly “pathological”.
Prevalence and co-occurrence of addictive behaviors among former alternative high school youth: A longitudinal follow-up study
Authors: Sussman Steve , Pokhrel Pallav , Sun Ping , Rohrbach Louise A. , Spruijt-Metz Donna
Published: September 2015

Background and Aims

Recent work has studied addictions using a matrix measure, which taps multiple addictions through single responses for each type. This is the first longitudinal study using a matrix measure.

Methods

We investigated the use of this approach among former alternative high school youth (average age = 19.8 years at baseline; longitudinal n = 538) at risk for addictions. Lifetime and last 30-day prevalence of one or more of 11 addictions reviewed in other work was the primary focus (i.e., cigarettes, alcohol, hard drugs, shopping, gambling, Internet, love, sex, eating, work, and exercise). These were examined at two time-points one year apart. Latent class and latent transition analyses (LCA and LTA) were conducted in Mplus.

Results

Prevalence rates were stable across the two time-points. As in the cross-sectional baseline analysis, the 2-class model (addiction class, non-addiction class) fit the data better at follow-up than models with more classes. Item-response or conditional probabilities for each addiction type did not differ between time-points. As a result, the LTA model utilized constrained the conditional probabilities to be equal across the two time-points. In the addiction class, larger conditional probabilities (i.e., 0.40–0.49) were found for love, sex, exercise, and work addictions; medium conditional probabilities (i.e., 0.17–0.27) were found for cigarette, alcohol, other drugs, eating, Internet and shopping addiction; and a small conditional probability (0.06) was found for gambling.

Discussion and Conclusions

Persons in an addiction class tend to remain in this addiction class over a one-year period.
Relationship between smartphone addiction and physical activity in Chinese international students in Korea
Authors: Kim Sung-Eun , Kim Jin-Woo , Jee Yong-Seok
Published: September 2015

Background and Aims

Excessive usage of smartphones may induce social problems, such as depression and impairment of social and emotional functioning. Moreover, its usage can impede physical activity, but the relationship between smartphone addiction and physical activity is obscure. Therefore, we examined the relationship and the impact of excessive smartphone use on physical activity.

Methods

This study collected data through the structured questionnaire consisting of general characteristics, the number and hours of smartphone usage, and the Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale (SAPS) from 110 Chinese international students in Korea. The body composition and physical activity, such as the total daily number of steps and consumed calories, were measured.

Results

In this study, high-risk smartphone users showed less physical activity, such as the total number of steps taken and the average consumed calories per day. Moreover, their body composition, such as muscle mass and fat mass, was significantly different. Among these factors, the hours of smartphone use revealed the proportional relationship with smartphone addiction (β = 0.209, p = 0.026), while the average number of walking steps per day showed a significant reverse proportional tendency in participants with smartphone addiction (β = –0.883, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Participants with smartphone addiction were less likely to walk for each day. Namely, smartphone addiction may negatively influence physical health by reducing the amount of physical activity, such as walking, resulting in an increase of fat mass and a decrease of muscle mass associated with adverse health consequences.
Fish diversity of Tembeling and Pahang rivers, Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: Rashid Zulkafli Abdul , Asmuni Mustafa , Amal Mohammad Noor Azmai
Published: September 2015

This study aim to provide an updated checklist of fish species inhabiting Tembeling and Pahang rivers, Pahang, Malaysia. A total of 4,834 fish belonging to 10 orders, 64 genera, 25 families and 82 species were collected from both connected rivers. Cyprinidae present the highest number of fish species registered herein, followed by Bagridae, Pangasiidae and Siluridae. The most common fish species were Cyclocheilichthys apogon, followed by Barbonymus schwanefeldii, Hypsi­barbus wetmorei, Amblyrhynchichthys truncatus and Pun­ti­oplites proctozysron. A total of nine introduced fish and four endangered fish species were also recorded from this study. This checklist adds knowledge on the fishes inhabiting both rivers, which could be useful for the planning of fisheries activities and fish conservation of the rivers in the near future.
Representações sociais sobre religião e espiritualidade
Authors: Borges Moema da Silva , Santos Marília Borges Couto , Pinheiro Tiago Gomes
Published: September 2015

RESUMO Objetivo: apreender as representações sociais acerca dos conceitos de espiritualidade e religião de docentes da área da saúde. Método: estudo exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, do qual participaram 25 docentes. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: questionário de identificação do perfil dos participantes; questionário de livre associação, tendo como palavras indutoras religião e espiritualidade, e um roteiro de entrevista baseado na escala FICAProfissional de Puchalski. Resultados: as representações acerca de religião e espiritualidade, para os docentes, são forjadas em torno da fé em Deus e lhes confere sentido e propósito para lidar com os desafios do viver pessoal e profissional. Conclusão: na esfera profissional há barreiras que precisam ser ultrapassadas com vistas a um cuidado integral. Para isso é imprescindível a incorporação da espiritualidade no processo nos currículos dos cursos da área da saúde.
PRODUTIVIDADE DO EUCALIPTO, ATRIBUTOS FÍSICOS DO SOLO E FRAÇÕES DA MATÉRIA ORGÂNICA INFLUENCIADAS PELA INTENSIDADE DE TRÁFEGO E RESÍDUOS DE COLHEITA
Authors: Jesus Guilherme Luiz de , Silva Ivo Ribeiro , Almeida Luís Fernando Januário , Santos Mateus Alves dos , Leite Fernando Palha , Neves Júlio César Lima
Published: September 2015

O número de passadas das máquinas, os tipos de rodados e a alta umidade do solo durante as operações de colheita agravam o processo de compactação, devendo-se conhecer esses impactos e quais alternativas para reduzí-los. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto de diferentes frequências de tráfego doforwarder e o efeito de condições distintas de resíduos da colheita do eucalipto ao fim da rotação subsequente na produtividade, nos atributos físicos do solo e nos teores de matéria orgânica de um Latossolo Vermelho (LV), localizado em São João Evangelista, MG, e um Latossolo Amarelo (LA), localizado em Belo Oriente, MG. Os tratamentos consistiram de um esquema fatorial 2 × 3, sendo: duas ou oito passadas na entrelinha sobre resíduo da colheita sem casca; com casca; e sem resíduo. A perda de produtividade dos plantios pela compactação do solo proveniente das passadas doforwarder é atenuada com a permanência dos resíduos da colheita especialmente com a manutenção da casca na área. A remoção de resíduo, particularmente quando há remoção da casca, leva à redução dos teores de C orgânico total e de frações mais lábeis de C e N do solo. O tráfego doforwarder na colheita do eucalipto da rotação anterior sobre solo sem resíduos promove perdas na qualidade física do solo, com aumento da densidade do solo e resistência à penetração, e redução na porosidade e condutividade hidráulica do solo. Esses efeitos negativos perduraram até o final da rotação seguinte.
THE RESURRECTION PLANT TRIPOGON SPICATUS (POACEAE) HARBORS A DIVERSITY OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING BACTERIA IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZILIAN CAATINGA
Authors: Fernandes-Júnior Paulo Ivan , Aidar Saulo de Tarso , Morgante Carolina Vianna , Gava Carlos Alberto Tuão , Zilli Jerri Édson , Souza Layane Silva Barbosa de , Marinho Rita de Cássia Nunes , Nóbrega Rafaela Simão Abrahão , Brasil Marivaine da Silva , Seido Sirando Lima , Martins Lindete Míria Vieira
Published: September 2015

Plant species that naturally occur in the Brazilian Caatinga(xeric shrubland) adapt in several ways to these harsh conditions, and that can be exploited to increase crop production. Among the strategic adaptations to confront low water availability, desiccation tolerance stands out. Up to now, the association of those species with beneficial soil microorganisms is not well understood. The aim of this study was to characterize Tripogon spicatusdiazotrophic bacterial isolates from the Caatingabiome and evaluate their ability to promote plant growth in rice. Sixteen bacterial isolates were studied in regard to their taxonomic position by partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, putative diazotrophic capacity, in vitro indole-acetic acid (IAA) production and calcium phosphate solubilization, metabolism of nine different C sources in semi-solid media, tolerance to different concentrations of NaCl to pHs and intrinsic resistance to nine antibiotics. Finally, the ability of the bacterial isolates to promote plant growth was evaluated using rice (Oryza sativa) as a model plant. Among the 16 isolates evaluated, eight of them were classified as Enterobacteriaceae members, related to Enterobacter andPantoeagenera. Six other bacteria were related toBacillus, and the remaining two were related toRhizobiumand Stenotrophomonas.The evaluation of total N incorporation into the semi-solid medium indicated that all the bacteria studied have putative diazotrophic capacity. Two bacteria were able to produce more IAA than that observed for the strain BR 11175Tof Herbaspirillum seropedicae.Bacterial isolates were also able to form a microaerophilic pellicle in a semi-solid medium supplemented with different NaCl concentrations up to 1.27 mol L-1. Intrinsic resistance to antibiotics and the metabolism of different C sources indicated a great variation in physiological profile. Seven isolates were able to promote rice growth, and two bacteria were more efficient than the reference strainAzospirillum brasilense, Ab-V5. The results indicate the potential of T. spicatus as native plant source of plant growth promoting bacteria.
SOIL QUALITY IN RELATION TO FOREST CONVERSION TO PERENNIAL OR ANNUAL CROPPING IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL
Authors: Balota Elcio Liborio , Yada Ines Fumiko Ubukata , Amaral Higo Furlan , Nakatani Andre Shigueyoshi , Hungria Mariangela , Dick Richard Peter , Coyne Mark Steven
Published: September 2015

Many forested areas have been converted to intensive agricultural use to satisfy food, fiber, and forage production for a growing world population. There is great interest in evaluating forest conversion to cultivated land because this conversion adversely affects several soil properties. We examined soil microbial, physical, and chemical properties in an Oxisol (Latossolo Vermelho distrófico) of southern Brazil 24 years after forest conversion to a perennial crop with coffee or annual grain crops (maize and soybeans) in conventional tillage or no-tillage. One goal was to determine which soil quality parameters seemed most sensitive to change. A second goal was to test the hypothesis that no-tillage optimized preservation of soil quality indicators in annual cropping systems on converted land. Land use significantly affected microbial biomass and its activity, C and N mineralization, and aggregate stability by depth. Cultivated sites had lower microbial biomass and mineralizable C and N than a forest used as control. The forest and no-tillage sites had higher microbial biomass and mineralizable C and N than the conventional tillage site, and the metabolic quotient was 65 and 43 % lower, respectively. Multivariate analysis of soil microbial properties showed a clear separation among treatments, displaying a gradient from conventional tillage to forest. Although the soil at the coffee site was less disturbed and had a high organic C content, the microbial activity was low, probably due to greater soil acidity and Al toxicity. Under annual cropping, microbial activity in no-tillage was double that of the conventional tillage management. The greater microbial activity in forest and no-tillage sites may be attributed, at least partially, to lower soil disturbance. Reducing soil disturbance is important for soil C sequestration and microbial activity, although control of soil pH and Al toxicity are also essential to maintain the soil microbial activity high.
SPATIAL DEPENDENCE OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOIL BY ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
Authors: Machado Flavia Cristina , Montanari Rafael , Shiratsuchi Luciano Shozo , Lovera Lenon Henrique , Lima Elizeu de Souza
Published: September 2015

Brazilian soils have natural high chemical variability; thus, apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) can assist interpretation of crop yield variations. We aimed to select soil chemical properties with the best linear and spatial correlations to explain ECa variation in the soil using a Profiler sensor (EMP-400). The study was carried out in Sidrolândia, MS, Brazil. We analyzed the following variables: electrical conductivity - EC (2, 7, and 15 kHz), organic matter, available K, base saturation, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Soil ECa was measured with the aid of an all-terrain vehicle, which crossed the entire area in strips spaced at 0.45 m. Soil samples were collected at the 0-20 cm depth with a total of 36 samples within about 70 ha. Classical descriptive analysis was applied to each property via SAS software, and GS+ for spatial dependence analysis. The equipment was able to simultaneously detect ECa at the different frequencies. It was also possible to establish site-specific management zones through analysis of correlation with chemical properties. We observed that CEC was the property that had the best correlation with ECa at 15 kHz.
Degradação Ambiental nos Municípios do Rio Grande do Sul e Relação com os Fatores de Desenvolvimento Rural
Authors: Pinto Nelson Guilherme Machado , Coronel Daniel Arruda
Published: September 2015

Resumo:O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o padrão de degradação ambiental agropecuário dos municípios gaúchos e verificar como esse padrão é impactado pelos fatores de desenvolvimento rural desses mesmos municípios em dois períodos distintos de tempo. Neste sentido, foi utilizada a metodologia do Índice de Degradação Ambiental Agropecuária (IDAA) como proxy para a degradação ambiental agropecuária e a técnica de análise fatorial para encontrar os fatores determinantes do desenvolvimento rural. A fim de estudar o impacto desses fatores na degradação ambiental agropecuária do Rio Grande do Sul, foi estimado um modelo de regressão com dados em painel por meio do método de Efeitos Fixos. Os valores de degradação ambiental agropecuária para as mesorregiões gaúchas mostraram-se elevados, e a mesorregião Centro Oriental apresentou as maiores médias de degradação. Nas relações entre o IDAA e os fatores, todos os coeficientes demonstraram significância estatística. Os fatores Condições de Moradia e Educação Rurais, Alavancagem e Corretivos da Produção Rural e Energia Elétrica Rural apresentaram relação positiva com a degradação, e os fatores Estrutura e Desempenho do Setor Agropecuário, Área de Produção Agropecuária e Econômico e Financeiro Rural apresentaram relação negativa. Isso demonstra efeitos divergentes entre os aspectos estudados.
Mudanças Organizacionais em Empreendimentos de Agricultura Familiar a partir do Acesso ao Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar
Authors: Silva Marcio Gomes , Dias Marcelo Miná , Amorim Junior Paulo Cesar Gomes
Published: September 2015

Resumo:Este trabalho analisa as mudanças organizacionais que ocorreram em empreendimentos da agricultura familiar do município de Espera Feliz (MG) a partir da operacionalização de ações do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE). O caso da Cooperativa da Agricultura Familiar e Solidária de Espera Feliz (Coofeliz) foi analisado a partir da abordagem da sociologia econômica para identificar e compreender as mudanças que ocorrem na medida em que se deu a adesão ao PNAE. A análise permitiu identificar que os processos de organização produtiva dos cooperados e a organização gerencial da cooperativa foram significativamente afetados pelo conjunto de regras e procedimentos estabelecidos pelo programa. As novidades institucionais promovidas pelo programa influenciaram o surgimento de inovações organizacionais, cujo principal exemplo foi o "Vale Solidário", criado para suprir a dificuldade de pagamento aos agricultores devido à ausência de capital de giro. As relações estabelecidas entre os cooperados e os agentes envolvidos no processo de aquisição de alimentos para alimentação escolar permitiram o surgimento de padrões de mercado mais próximos à realidade dos agricultores familiares. Por fim, o acesso ao PNAE também provocou mudanças na matriz produtiva dos cooperados, no sentido de maior diversificação produtiva, ao invés de uma especialização voltada para uma commodity
Nomeações políticas no Ministério do Meio Ambiente (2003-2013): interconexões entre ONGs, partidos e governos
Authors: Abers Rebecca Neaera , Oliveira Marília Silva de
Published: September 2015

ResumoNeste artigo, exploramos mudanças na relação entre movimentos sociais e o governo do Partido dos Trabalhadores pela lente da política de nomeações de cargos de alto escalão no Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA) entre 2003 e 2013. Ao analisar as biografias profissionais e políticas de 147 nomeados, identificamos uma diminuição, ao longo do período, de nomeações de atores originários de movimentos sociais, acompanhada por um crescimento de nomeações de servidores públicos. Sugerimos que essa mudança não é somente resultado de transformações das preferências políticas do governo petista. Resulta também de um aumento no número absoluto de funcionários concursados, o que tornou o governo menos dependente, do que era no passado, das capacidades técnicas e políticas presentes na sociedade civil.
Use of LST images from MODIS/AQUA sensor as an indication of frost occurrence in RS
Authors: Simões Débora de S. , Fontana Denise C. , Vicari Matheus B.
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTAlthough frost occurrence causes severe losses in agriculture, especially in the south of Brazil, the data of minimum air temperature (Tmin) currently available for monitoring and predicting frosts show insufficient spatial distribution. This study aimed to evaluate the MDY11A1 (LST – Land Surface Temperature) product, from the MODIS sensor on board the AQUA satellite as an estimator of frost occurrence in the southeast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. LST images from the nighttime overpass of the MODIS/AQUA sensor for the months of June, July and August from 2006 to 2012, and data from three conventional weather stations of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) were used. Consistency was observed between Tmin data measured in weather stations and LST data obtained from the MODIS sensor. According to the results, LSTs below 3 ºC recorded by the MODIS/AQUA sensor are an indication of a favorable scenario to frost occurrence.
Critical levels for soil attributes in irrigated banana plantations in semiarid region
Authors: Maia Celsemy E. , Morais Elis R. C. de
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to estimate the critical levels for soil chemical attributes through the criterion of reduced continuous probability distribution (NCRIz) in areas under irrigated banana cultivation and evaluate soil fertility of low-yield areas in the Apodi Plateau. A dataset composed of analysis of 60 producing areas and their respective yields was used. It was concluded that the method can be used to obtain critical levels for soil chemical attributes and the critical levels obtained for the irrigated areas under banana cultivation corresponded to 7.2 for pH, 0.91 g kg-1 for N, 0.31, 6.34, 2.63, 1.42 and 25.76 mg kg-1 for Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and P, respectively, and 6.43, 1.14, 0.24 and 0.36 cmolc kg-1 for Ca, Mg, Na and K, respectively. In the low-yield areas, the highest deficiencies were of P and Fe, and there was an excess of Mg.
Fruit quality of ‘Eva’ e ‘Princesa’ apples grown under nitrogen fertigation in semiarid climate
Authors: Miranda João M. de S. , Cavalcante Ítalo H. L. , Oliveira Inez V. de M. , Lopes Paulo R. C. , Assis Joston S. de
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe production of high quality fruits is a necessary factor for the adaptation and production of plant species with economic viability. Thus, an experiment was conducted from July 2012 to January 2013 to evaluate the fruit quality of the ‘Eva’ and ‘Princesa’ apple cultivars as a function of nitrogen fertilization in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with treatments distributed in a factorial arrangement 2 x 4, corresponding to apple cultivars (Eva and Princesa) and nitrogen doses (40; 80; 120 and 160 kg of N ha-1), with four replications and three plants in each plot. The fruit characteristics, such as fruit mass, skin color (luminosity, chromaticity, and colour angle), size (width and length), pulp firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS) and the SS/TA ratio, were recorded. Nitrogen doses do not affect fruit quality of studied apple cultivars. The fruit quality attributes are different between apple cultivars: fruit firmness, SS/TA ratio, fruit mass and fruit diameter are superior for Princesa cultivar, while the fruit length for Eva cultivar is superior.
Use of a modified version of the switching verbal fluency test for the assessment of cognitive flexibility
Authors: Paula Jonas Jardim de , Paiva Gabrielle Chequer de Castro , Costa Danielle de Souza
Published: September 2015

Objective: Verbal fluency tests are widely used for the assessment of executive functions. However, traditional versions of the test depend on several cognitive factors beyond these components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of a modified version of the verbal fluency with specific measures of executive functions. Methods: Sixty adults were evaluated using traditional versions of verbal fluency (animals/fruits) and a modified condition where subjects must switch between animals and fruits. Processing speed, semantic abilities, psychiatric symptoms and executive functions were also assessed. Results: Partial correlations between the verbal fluency tests and measures of executive functions, controlled for demographic, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms, suggest that cognitive flexibility has 9% shared variance with the verbal fluency test - category animals, 2 % with category fruits, 8% with total words in switching condition, and 20% with total correct word-pairs produced in switching condition. The other aspects of executive functions during the task had shared variance of between 1% and 7% with the verbal fluency tasks. Conclusion: The results suggest that correct word-pairs produced in switching verbal fluency may be a more specific measure for evaluating cognitive flexibility compared to other versions of verbal fluency.
Diagnóstico del estado de la alfabetización en información (ALFIN) en las universidades chilenas
Authors: Marzal Miguel Ángel , Saurina Elvira
Published: September 2015

Se presenta la fundamentación teórica, metodología, aplicación de encuestas, análisis y discusión de resultados de un proyecto de trabajo de campo para hacer un diagnóstico sobre la implantación o posibilidades de desarrollar programas de alfabetización en información en universidades chilenas. Se analiza el planteamiento del proyecto: la fundamentación epistemológica, estableciendo las convenciones de lo que se va a entender por alfabetización en información, las competencias y su proyección en programas educativos mediante un modelo (Tuning), como también en el currículo, y por último las competencias en información para definir el diseño instruccional y el diseño curricular de los programas de alfabetización en información. Se presenta la metodología del proyecto para conocer el estado del arte de estos programas en las universidades chilenas, formulando una encuesta que fue aplicada, de modo que se presentan y analizan los resultados, a partir de los cuales se enuncian unas recomendaciones, que sirven para apoyar una vía que establezca un modelo de integración de los programas de alfabetización en información para la educación en universidades.
Isotermas de dessorção de pimentão verde e energia envolvida no processo
Authors: Alves Tales Prado , Fóz Hequel Donizete , Nicoleti Joel Fernando
Published: September 2015

ResumoEste trabalho teve como objetivos a obtenção das isotermas de dessorção do pimentão verde e a avaliação das propriedades termodinâmicas de sorção do fruto. As isotermas foram obtidas em função da temperatura (30°C, 40°C, 50°C e 60°C) em umidades relativas entre 4,0-90,0%. Os dados experimentais foram ajustados aos modelos matemáticos GAB, BET, Halsey, Henderson e Oswin para se descrever seu comportamento. Os resultados demonstram que o modelo de GAB descreveu com maior precisão as isotermas de dessorção do pimentão verde entre as faixas de atividade de água (aw) selecionadas, em uma temperatura fixa. O calor isostérico de sorção (qst) pôde ser determinado a partir de dados de sorção de umidade utilizando-se a derivada da equação de Clasius-Clapeyron, obtendo-se então o calor envolvido no processo de dessorção de umidade do pimentão verde fresco. A teoria da compensação entalpia-entropia ou isocinética foi aplicada aos dados experimentais, sugerindo que o processo de dessorção é conduzido pela entalpia.
O DISCURSO PEDAGÓGICO DE UM PROFESSOR E A ELABORAÇÃO DE CONHECIMENTOS CIENTÍFICOS
Authors: Silva Lenice Heloísa de Arruda , Schnetzler Roseli Pacheco
Published: September 2015

O trabalho enfoca o discurso de um formador (professor universitário) visando a elaboração de conceitos científicos em seus alunos (futuros professores de Biologia), no contexto de uma disciplina de conteúdo específico (Fisiologia). Para tal, foram observadas, registradas e transcritas aulas teóricas e práticas do formador, gravadas em áudio. Os dados da investigação são construídos e interpretados segundo procedimentos teórico-metodológicos de uma perspectiva histórico-cultural e enunciativa, adotando-se a análise microgenética para investigar o discurso pedagógico do formador. Os resultados revelam aspectos que caracterizam a complexidade das interações professor-aluno em sala de aula, evidenciando estratégias discursivas, por parte do formador, que na visão daquele formador asseguram a transmissão de conhecimentos e a consideração das idéias dos alunos.
Desenvolvimento humano e teoria bioecológica: ensaio sobre"O contador de histórias"
Authors: Leão Marluce Auxiliadora Borges Glaus , Souza Zilda Regina de , Castro Maria Aparecida Campos Diniz de
Published: September 2015

Resumo:Este ensaio apresenta reflexões sobre o processo de desenvolvimento humano, à luz da Teoria Bioecológica, a partir da narrativa fílmica de "O contador de histórias", produção brasileira baseada em história real. Focaliza o desenvolvimento de uma pessoa, as interações entre aspectos multidirecionais de sua trajetória de vida, em contextos próximos e distantes. Utiliza a trama para articular os elementos centrais desta teoria- pessoa, processo, contexto e tempo. Identifica a importância da educação balizando a formação do ser humano diante do fenômeno da violência, mobilizando o processo de resiliência e modulando influências recíprocas no desenvolvimento. A inter-relação entre as características biopsicológicas do protagonista, os processos de socialização e as vulnerabilidades dos contextos em que transita, realça o papel da família e das instituições sociais na construção de sua história. Embora constitua um exemplo metafórico, permite uma leitura empírica da vida.
Educação Especial e a Relação Família - Escola: Análise da produção científica de teses e dissertações
Authors: Maturana Ana Paula Pacheco Moraes , Cia Fabiana
Published: September 2015

Resumo:O relacionamento família-escola vem sendo apontado pela literatura nas áreas da educação especial e psicologia como um dos principais fatores facilitadores no processo de inclusão escolar. Tendo em vista esses fatores, esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de identificar e analisar a produção científica de teses e dissertações produzidas no período de 2001-2011 sobre a relação entre família-escola de crianças público alvo da educação especial. Para tanto, foi realizada uma busca sistemática no Banco de Teses da CAPES e utilizada uma ficha adaptada para a análise da temática, da metodologia e dos resultados de cada produção. Foram analisadas ao todo 20 produções. Os resultados encontrados apontam que grande parte das pesquisas está em programas de pós-graduação do sudeste, apresenta metodologia descritiva, adota uma concepção social da deficiência e que o tema principal foi o de "atitude/percepção" de familiares e membros da escola sobre o processo de inclusão. Foi possível observar a carência em estudos de intervenção na área.
A produção política da economia: formas não-mercantis de acumulação e transmissão de riqueza numa sociedade colonial (Rio de Janeiro, 1650-1750)
Authors: Sampaio Antônio Carlos Jucá de
Published: September 2015

Este artigo procura analisar as formas não-mercantis de acumulação existentes na sociedade colonial fluminense entre 1650 e 1750. Nosso objetivo é tanto o de conhecer as formas concretas assumidas por esse tipo de acumulação quanto aquilatar sua importância relativa, em comparação com a acumulação de capital em sentido estrito. Esse período é marcado por intensas transformações econômico-sociais na capitania, fruto tanto de sua evolução interna quanto de fenômenos que podemos considerar até certo ponto externos, como a descoberta de ouro e a conseqüente colonização do interior da América portuguesa. Assim, buscamos perceber igualmente como tão importantes transformações influenciaram nas estratégias de acumulação dos diversos grupos sociais locais no período.
Os passos da propagação da fé: o lugar da experiência em escritos jesuíticos sobre a América quinhentista
Authors: Luz Guilherme Amaral
Published: September 2015

Neste artigo, avalia-se o papel da experiência como um lugar que autoriza o discurso jesuítico sobre as Américas no século XVI. O deslocamento missionário dos inacianos para a América, ao mesmo tempo em que se apresenta como meio legitimador de relatos fidedignos sobre a nova terra e seus habitantes, mostra-se, no horizonte dos textos que produz, como princípio teológico que confere seus sentidos e orientações finalistas. São tomados, como casos exemplares disso, escritos de José Acosta e Manuel da Nóbrega, buscando perceber neles, nem tanto as circunstâncias específicas de cada jesuíta, mas o núcleo comum típico de um modus operandi da Companhia de Jesus no Novo Mundo.
KPC-PRODUCING Serratia marcescens IN A HOME-CARE PATIENT FROM RECIFE, BRAZIL
Authors: MARGATE Emmily , MAGALHÃES Vera , FEHLBERG Lorena Cristina Corrêa , GALES Ana Cristina , LOPES Ana Catarina Souza
Published: September 2015

SUMMARY In this brief communication we describe the occurrence of a KPC-producing Serratia marcescensisolate in a home-care patient from Recife, Brazil. The blaKPC, blaSPM, blaIMP, blaVIMblaOXA, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM and blaGES genes were investigated by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. The isolate was positive for blaKPC-2 and blaTEM-1 and was resistant to aztreonam, cefepime, cefotaxime, imipenem, meropenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and cefazidime, and susceptible only to amikacin, tigecycline and gatifloxacin. This is the first report in Brazil of KPC-producing S. marcescens clinical isolate outside of a hospital environment. Caregivers should be alert for the presence of this isolate in the community setting.
Probiotics: viable and inactivated cells on the performance, microflora and blood parameters of piglets
Authors: BUSANELLO Marli , POZZA; Magali Soares dos Santos , POZZA Paulo Cesar , NUNES Ricardo Vianna , CHAMBO Ana Paula Sartório , ECKSTEIN Ilton Isandro
Published: September 2015

The objective of the current work was to evaluate the use of oral probiotics comprised of viable and inactivated Lactobacillus spp. (referred to herein as "pool" of Lactobacillus spp.) on the performance, intestinal microbiota and blood parameters of piglets from birth to 35 days of age. Lactation piglets (n=108), with an average initial weight of 1.41kg, and nursery piglets (n=72), with an average initial weight of 5.47kg, were included in the study and distributed in a randomized complete block design. The treatments were as follows: Control: 1mL MRS broth + 1mL sterile saline; Active: 1 mL probiotics ("pool" of Lactobacillus spp. and Lactobacillus plantarum) activated in MRS broth + 1 ml saline; Inactive: 1 mL inactivated probiotics containing MRS broth + 1mL saline. Treatments were not observed to affect total and daily weight gain of piglets during lactation. Differences were observed between treatments for feed intake, daily feed intake as well as total and daily weight gain from 21 to 35 days of age. Counts of lactic acid bacteria and coliforms were not affected by treatment or age. With the exception of globulin, blood parameters are also not affected. In the nursery phase the probiotic treatment with inactivated cells means a viable alternative for use primarily by the performance obtained for weight gain; however probiotics supplementation did not influence the microbiological counts and blood parameters.
Utilização de diferentes dietas na primeira alimentação de larvas de tambaqui
Authors: PEDREIRA Marcelo Mattos , SCHORER Marianne , FERREIRA André Lima
Published: September 2015

O tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) (Characiformes: Characidae) nativo da Bacia Amazônica. É uma espécie reofílica que em cativeiro se reproduz somente através da indução hormonal. Sendo a larvicultura de espécies nativas uma das fases que exige maior atenção, o início da alimentação exógena exerce grande importância para a produção e sobrevivência de alevinos. Ao longo do desenvolvimento, as larvas de tambaqui passam por modificações morfo-fisiológicas e no hábito alimentar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilização de diferentes dietas na primeira alimentação de larvas de tambaqui. As larvas de tambaqui foram cultivadas durante 20 dias, sob os seguintes tratamentos alimentares: plâncton; plâncton + ração; plâncton selecionado; plâncton selecionado + ração; e ração. A alimentação foi oferecida duas vezes ao dia, "ad libitum". As variáveis físico-químicas mantiveram-se em limites aceitos para a espécie. Os tratamentos que utilizaram o emprego de alimentos vivos resultaram em melhor desempenho produtivo das larvas de tambaqui. A adição da ração associada ao alimento vivo na alimentação das larvas de tambaqui também melhorou o desempenho, embora esta não seja indicada como única fonte alimentar, nos primeiros dias de vida. Portanto, o emprego de alimento vivo acrescido de ração, a partir do terceiro dia de alimentação exógena, proporciona melhor desempenho produtivo e sobrevivência de larvas de tambaqui.
Population structure and maturity stages of Fritillaria borealis (Appendicularia, Tunicata): seasonal cycle in Ushuaia Bay (Beagle Channel)
Authors: Presta María Laura , Hoffmeyer Mónica Susana , Capitanio Fabiana Lia
Published: September 2015

AbstractFritillaria borealis is a cosmopolitan species, very frequent in sub-antarctic and antarctic waters. The objective of this paper was to analyze its size structure and maturity stages at two sites in Ushuaia Bay: a coastal site exposed to anthropogenic pressure (E1) and a reference site (E2) located in the external zone of the bay. Zooplankton was collected during the 2012 seasonal cycle. The sampling method involved the use of a 67 µm-mesh net. Appendicularians were classified in four maturity stages: I) undifferentiated gonads, II) testis and ovary differentiated, III) expanded testis, IV) discharged testis, expanded ovary. Our results showed that the highest densities of F. borealisoccurred in spring and summer at both sites; coinciding with high values of chlorophyll-a. The percentage of juveniles (I and II) exhibited a spatial and temporal pattern similar to that observed for chlorophyll-a values. During spring-summer, juveniles and mature specimens (III and IV) showed a greater gonadal development than those individuals found in autumn-winter. In conclusion, the mismatching in the population structure and the pattern of densities of F. borealis between coastal and external zones would suggest the existence of two sub-populations susceptible to the influence of the anthropogenic impact in the bay.
Integrated assessment of contaminants and monitoring of an urbanized temperate harbor (Montevideo, Uruguay): a 12-year comparison
Authors: Muniz Pablo , Venturini Natalia , Martins César C. , Munshi Alia Bano , García-Rodríguez Felipe , Brugnoli Ernesto , Dauner Ana Lúcia Lindroth , Bícego Márcia Caruso , García-Alonso Javier
Published: September 2015

AbstractSituated opposite the Freshwater Front, Montevideo city with its more than 1.5 million inhabitants encircles Montevideo Bay, where one of the most active and polluted harbors in South America is located. Faecal sterols, trace metals, organochlorine compounds and petroleum derivatives in the sediments of Montevideo Harbor were evaluated and their spatial distribution inside the harbor as well as in the input of two main tributary streams analyzed. Specifically for the harbor sites, a temporal comparison of metal and hydrocarbons was made with previous measurements taken 12 years ago. Clear changes were observed at these sites. The concentration of metals such as Pb, Cr and Zn have diminished, while aliphatic hydrocarbons have increased their values at almost all of the stations studied. Differences were observed between summer and winter suggesting sedimentation, input or hydrodynamic changes in the area. These results help one to understand the present situation and develop the management measures needed to improve the environmental quality of the harbor and bay.
Otaria flavescens and Arctocephalus australis abundance in poorly known sites: a spatial expansion of colonies?
Authors: Szteren Diana
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe establishment of new pinniped colonies is a consequence of complex dynamics in which some colonies may transform from haul-outs into breeding sites. The aim of this article was to estimate the abundance of Otaria flavescens and Arctocephalus australis at two poorly known sites of Uruguay, the easternmost “Isla Verde-Islote Coronilla” (IV-IC) and the westernmost “Las Pipas” (LP). From June 2008 to June 2009 count from boats were conducted at LP, and aerial censuses at Isla Verde. At LP both pinniped species were recorded, and the abundance was maximum in July with a total of 202 animals.O. flavescens was present throughout the year, mainly adult males, while A. australis was only observed from June to October. LP is defined as a haul-out structure used as resting area, especially for O. flavescens. At IV-IC between 225 and 521 O. flavescens were recorded. The number of animals increased in Spring and Summer. Females were the most abundant category and pups were recorded in March. According to the age structure and the presence of pups, we propose it would have and incipient reproductive activity. This colony should be monitored in relation with its category as a marine protected area.
COMPATIBILIZAÇÃO DE REFERENCIAIS DE COORDENADAS E VELOCIDADES COM ESTIMATIVA DE PRECISÃO
Authors: Carvalho Alessandro Salles , Poz William Rodrigo Dal , Larocca Ana Paula Camargo
Published: September 2015

Resumo:As transformações de coordenadas e velocidades entre as realizações do ITRS (International Terrestrial Reference System), bem como a atualização de coordenadas, tornar-se-ão tarefas rotineiras em levantamentos geodésicos devido ao emprego de sistemas de referência dinâmicos e ao movimento das placas tectônicas. Neste estudo foram realizadas compatibilizações de sistemas de referência (ITRF2000, ITRF2005 e ITRF2008) das coordenadas e velocidades com suas respectivas estimativas de precisão, via propagação de variância, de 11 estações distribuídas nas placas tectônicas Norte e Sul Americanas e da Eurásia. Foi verificado com base nas coordenadas nos ITRF2008, época 2005 e ITRF2005, época 2000, obtidas pelo IERS (International Earth Rotation and Reference System Service), que 54,55% das discrepâncias planimétricas são centimétricas e 45,45% decimétricas. Comparando as coordenadas no ITRF2008, época 2005,0 e no ITRF2000, época 1997,0 verificou-se discrepâncias planimétricas da ordem do decímetro para todas as estações. Confrontando as coordenadas ITRF2000, época 1997,0 obtidas pelo IERS com as calculadas com base nas transformações entre sistemas de referência e atualizações verifica-se discrepâncias planimétricas da ordem do milímetro em 72,73% dos casos e da ordem do centímetro em 27,27%. As análises realizadas confirmam a necessidade de atualizar e compatibilizar o referencial das coordenadas e velocidades para aumentar a acurácia do posicionamento