bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Cultural Quest: A Study of Organizational Use of New Cultural Resources in Strategy Formation
Authors: Rindova Violina , Dalpiaz Elena , Ravasi Davide
Published: August 2010

Our study was motivated by the growing influence in cultural sociology and organizational research of the view of culture as a “toolkit,” from which individuals draw resources flexibly to develop strategies of action that address different circumstances. To investigate if and how organizations can also use new and diverse cultural resources, we undertook a historical case study of the incorporation of new cultural resources in the cultural repertoire of the Italian manufacturer of household products Alessi. Through in-depth analysis of four rounds of incorporation of new cultural resources, we develop a robust theoretical model that relates the use of new cultural resources to the development of unconventional strategies and strategic versatility. We find that cultural repertoire enrichment and organizational identity redefinition are two core mechanisms that facilitate this process. The model contributes novel theoretical understanding regarding the use of cultural resources in strategy formation and change.
The Impact of Categorical Status, Numeric Representation, and Work Group Prestige on Preference for Demographically Similar Others: A Value Threat Approach
Authors: Duguid Michelle M. , Loyd Denise Lewin , Tolbert Pamela S.
Published: August 2010

It is a popular assumption that women and racial minorities who are numeric minorities in high-prestige work groups will advocate for a demographically similar other as a potential work group peer. However, these individuals may face special challenges in fulfilling this role. We discuss how three factors—the general social status associated with a specific demographic characteristic, the demographic composition of the work group, and the differential prestige accorded within organizations to work groups—interact to impact individuals' concerns about being considered valued members of work groups to which they belong (i.e., value threat). Based on an integration of sociological and psychological theories, we argue that value threat adversely affects individuals' propensity to support demographically similar others in selection and promotion processes. We identify three forms that value threat may take in situations involving such personnel decisions: collective threat, favoritism threat, and competitive threat, and we specify factors that may shape the intensity of each form.
Standards for Immunohistochemical Imaging: A Protein Reference Device for Biomarker Quantitation
Authors: Atha Donald H. , Manne Upender , Grizzle William E. , Wagner Paul D. , Srivastava Sudhir , Reipa Vytas
Published: August 2010

We are developing a reference device to be used in the validation of immunohistochemical imaging of biomarkers by microscopy. The prototype device consists of p53 protein immobilized at various concentrations on a glass slide. The device is designed as a reference control to be used with assays that incorporate commercially available anti-p53 antibodies. p53 protein was characterized by mass spectrometry and covalently immobilized through amide linkage to the (3-aminopropyl)trietoxysilane-modified glass surface. This procedure is reproducible and provides a chemically stable product in high yield. The surface-bound protein was shown to be immunoreactive by its specific interaction with anti-p53 antibody (Ab) and detection by absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy. Also, comparison was made with microscopic images of Ab-stained tissue samples, known to stain positive for p53. Further development will be required to establish accurate surface protein concentrations in the range required for specific clinical applications.
Differential Endothelial Gap Junction Expression in Venous Vessels Exposed to Different Hemodynamics
Authors: Chang Chi-Jen , Wu Lung-Sheng , Hsu Lung-An , Chang Gwo-Jyh , Chen Chin-Fen , Yeh Hung-I , Ko Yu-Shien
Published: August 2010

After being anastomosed with the artery, vein graft is exposed to abruptly increased hemodynamic stresses. These hemodynamic stresses may change the profile of endothelial gap junction expression as demonstrated in the artery, which may subsequently play active roles in physiological adaptation or pathophysiological changes of the vein grafts. We investigated the endothelial expression of gap junction in the venous vessels exposed to different hemodynamic stresses. Immunocytochemical analysis of the endothelial Cx expression was performed by observing the whole mounts of inferior vena cava (IVC) of aortocaval fistula (ACF) rats or IVC-banded ACF rats using confocal microscope. Immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated that in the endothelium of the native vein, the gap-junctional spot numbers (GJSNs) and the total gap-junctional areas (TGJAs) of C×40 and C×43 were lower than those of the thoracic aorta and that C×37 was hardly detectable. In the IVCs of ACF rats, which were demonstrated to be exposed to a hemodynamic condition of high flow velocity and low pressure, the GJSNs and the TGJAs of all three C×5 were increased. In the IVCs of IVC-banded ACF rats, which were exposed to a hemodynamic condition of high pressure and low flow velocity, the GJSNs and the TGJAs of C×37 increased markedly and those of C×40 and C×43 remained without significant changes. In conclusion, the endothelial expressions of gap junctions in the native veins were lower than those of the arteries. When exposed to different hemodynamic stresses, the gap junctions were expressed in specific patterns. (J Histochem Cytochem 58:1083–1092, 2010)
Localization of Butyrylcholinesterase at the Neuromuscular Junction of Normal and Acetylcholinesterase Knockout Mice
Authors: Blondet Brigitte , Carpentier Gilles , Ferry Arnaud , Chatonnet Arnaud , José Courty
Published: August 2010

At the mouse neuromuscular junction (NMJ), there are two distinct cholines-terases (ChE): acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Until now, it has been difficult to determine the precise localization of BChE at the NMJ. In this study, we use a modification of Koelle's method to stain AChE and BChE activity. This method does not interfere with fluorescent co-staining, which allows precise co-localization of ChE and other synaptic molecules at the NMJ. We demonstrate that AChE and BChE exhibit different localization patterns at the mouse NMJ. AChE activity is present both in the primary cleft and in the secondary folds, whereas BChE activity appears to be almost absent in the primary cleft and to be concentrated in subsynaptic folds. The same localization for BChE is observed in the AChE-knockout (KO) mouse NMJ. Collagenase treatment removed AChE from the primary cleft, but not from secondary folds in the wild-type mouse, whereas in the AChE-KO mouse, BChE remains in the secondary folds. After peripheral nerve injury and regeneration, BChE localization is not modified in either normal or KO mice. In conclusion, specific localization of BChE in the secondary folds of the NMJ suggests that this enzyme is not a strict surrogate of AChE and that the two enzymes have two different roles.

(J Histochem Cytochem 58:1075–1082, 2010)
Newer Insights Into Premeiotic Development of Germ Cells in Adult Human Testis Using Oct-4 as a Stem Cell Marker
Authors: Bhartiya Deepa , Kasiviswanathan Sandhya , Unni Sreepoorna K. , Pethe Prasad , Dhabalia Jayesh V. , Patwardhan Sujata , Tongaonkar Hemant B.
Published: August 2010

The transcription factor octamer-binding transforming factor 4 (Oct-4) is central to the gene regulatory network responsible for self-renewal, pluripotency, and lineage commitment in embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). This study was undertaken to evaluate differential localization and expression of two major transcripts of Oct-4, viz. Oct-4A and Oct-4B, in adult human testis. A novel population of 5- to 10-μm PSCs with nuclear Oct-4A was identified by ISH and immunolocalization studies. Besides Oct-4, other pluripotent markers like Nanog and TERT were also detected by RT-PCR. Adark spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) were visualized in pairs and chains undergoing clonal expansion and stained positive for cytoplasmic Oct-4B. Quantitative PCR and Western blotting revealed both the transcripts, with higher expression of Oct-4B. It is proposed that PSCs undergo asymmetric cell division and give rise to Adark SSCs, which proliferate and initiate lineage-specific differentiation. The darkly stained nuclei in Adark SSCs may represent extensive nuclear reprogramming by epigenetic changes when a PSC becomes committed. Oct-4B eventually disappeared in mature germ cells, viz. spermatocytes, spermatids, and sperm. Besides maintaining normal testicular homeostasis, PSCs may also be implicated in germ cell tumors and ES-like colonies that have recently been derived from adult human testicular tissue. (J Histochem Cytochem 58:1093–1106, 2010)
Cross-Cultural Differences in the Effect of Received Word-of-Mouth Referral in Relational Service Exchange
Authors: Schumann Jan H. , Wangenheim Florian v. , Stringfellow Anne , Yang Zhilin , Blazevic Vera , Praxmarer Sandra , Shainesh G. , Komor Marcin , Shannon Randall M. , Jiménez Fernando R.
Published: August 2010

Because of suggested beneficial effects of word-of-mouth (WOM) referral, service companies have invested large amounts of money in customer referral programs as well as programs aimed at fostering positive communication among their existing customers. The question of cross-cultural differences in the effectiveness of WOM has recently gained increased prominence. The authors contribute to research on this topic by proposing a positive effect of received WOM on service quality perceptions among existing customers. Moreover, they predict that cultural values moderate this effect. They test the model on 1910 bank customers in 11 countries. The results show that received WOM has a positive effect on customer service quality perceptions. Furthermore, received WOM has a stronger effect on the evaluation of customers in high-uncertainty-avoidance than in low-uncertainty-avoidance cultures. No other cultural value is a significant moderator. The results imply that received WOM is also important to existing customers and that managers should adjust their strategy of referral marketing to match their target group's uncertainty-avoidance level.
Global Brands in the United States: How Consumer Ethnicity Mediates the Global Brand Effect
Authors: Dimofte Claudiu V. , Johansson Johny K. , Bagozzi Richard P.
Published: August 2010

Previous cross-cultural research has demonstrated a consistently positive effect of brand globality on consumer perceptions, attitudes, and purchase intentions. The authors evaluate these effects on three ethnic segments of U.S. consumers. Drawing on survey data analysis and the estimates of a structural equation model, the research shows that associations with global brands as a general category vary across ethnic groups. Caucasian consumers show less of an appreciation of global brands, whereas African Americans and Hispanics show patterns similar to those in prior research. Although the average consumer views brand globality as an attribute of little importance, the structural equation findings show a direct effect of globality on attitudes and purchases. Overall, mainstream consumers in the United States are less favorable toward global brands than minority groups but patronize them at the same overall rate.
Genetic Mechanisms of Coffee Extract Protection in aCaenorhabditis elegansModel of β-Amyloid Peptide Toxicity
Authors: Dostal Vishantie , Roberts Christine M , Link Christopher D
Published: August 2010

Epidemiological studies have reported that coffee and/or caffeine consumption may reduce Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. We found that coffee extracts can similarly protect against β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) toxicity in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans Alzheimer's disease model. The primary protective component(s) in this model is not caffeine, although caffeine by itself can show moderate protection. Coffee exposure did not decrease Aβ transgene expression and did not need to be present during Aβ induction to convey protection, suggesting that coffee exposure protection might act by activating a protective pathway. By screening the effects of coffee on a series of transgenic C. elegans stress reporter strains, we identified activation of the skn-1 (Nrf2 in mammals) transcription factor as a potential mechanism of coffee extract protection. Inactivation of skn-1 genetically or by RNAi strongly blocked the protective effects of coffee extract, indicating that activation of the skn-1 pathway was the primary mechanism of coffee protection. Coffee also protected against toxicity resulting from an aggregating form of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in a skn-1–dependent manner. These results suggest that the reported protective effects of coffee in multiple neurodegenerative diseases may result from a general activation of the Nrf2 phase II detoxification pathway.
Genetics of Extracellular Matrix Remodeling During Organ Growth Using the Caenorhabditis elegans Pharynx Model
Authors: Jafari Gholamali , Burghoorn Jan , Kawano Takehiro , Mathew Manoj , Mörck Catarina , Axäng Claes , Ailion Michael , Thomas James H , Culotti Joseph G , Swoboda Peter , Pilon Marc
Published: August 2010

The organs of animal embryos are typically covered with an extracellular matrix (ECM) that must be carefully remodeled as these organs enlarge during post-embryonic growth; otherwise, their shape and functions may be compromised. We previously described the twisting of the Caenorhabditis elegans  pharynx (here called the Twp phenotype) as a quantitative mutant phenotype that worsens as that organ enlarges during growth. Mutations previously known to cause pharyngeal twist affect membrane proteins with large extracellular domains (DIG-1 and SAX-7), as well as a C. elegans septin (UNC-61). Here we show that two novel alleles of the C. elegans papilin gene, mig-6(et4) and mig-6(sa580), can also cause the Twp phenotype. We also show that overexpression of the ADAMTS protease gene mig-17 can suppress the pharyngeal twist in mig-6 mutants and identify several alleles of other ECM-related genes that can cause or influence the Twp phenotype, including alleles of fibulin (fbl-1), perlecan (unc-52), collagens (cle-1, dpy-7), laminins (lam-1, lam-3), one ADAM protease (sup-17), and one ADAMTS protease (adt-1). The Twp phenotype in C. elegans is easily monitored using light microscopy, is quantitative via measurements of the torsion angle, and reveals that ECM components, metalloproteinases, and ECM attachment molecules are important for this organ to retain its correct shape during post-embryonic growth. The Twp phenotype is therefore a promising experimental system to study ECM remodeling and diseases.
Different Aneuploidies Arise From the Same Bridge-Induced Chromosomal Translocation Event in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Rossi Beatrice , Noel Pawan , Bruschi Carlo V
Published: August 2010

Chromosome translocations are gross chromosomal rearrangements that have often been associated with cancer development in mammalian cells. The feasibility of drastically reshaping the genome with a single translocation event also gives this molecular event a powerful capacity to drive evolution. Despite these implications and their role in genome instability, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms that promote and accompany these events. Here, at the molecular level, we describe 10 morphologically and physiologically different translocants ensuing from the induction of the same bridge-induced translocation (BIT) event in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have demonstrated that, despite their common origin from the integration of the same linear DNA construct, all 10 translocation mutant strains have different phenotypes and the ability to sporulate and regulate gene expression and morphology. We also provide insights into how heterogeneous phenotypic variations originate from the same initial genomic event. Here we show eight different ways in which yeast cells have dealt with a single initial event inducing translocation. Our results are in agreement with the formation of complex rearrangements and abnormal karyotypes described in many leukemia patients, thus confirming the modellistic value of the yeast BIT system for mammalian cells.
A National Study of Physician Recommendations to Initiate and Discontinue Growth Hormone for Short Stature
Authors: Silvers J. B. , Marinova Detelina , Mercer Mary Beth , Connors Alfred , Cuttler Leona
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES:

Overall growth hormone (GH) use depends on decisions to both initiate treatment and continue treatment. The determinants of both are unclear. We studied how physicians decided to begin GH in idiopathic short stature and how, after an initial course of treatment, they decided to continue, intensify (increase the dose), or terminate treatment.

METHODS:

We used a national census study of 727 pediatric endocrinologists involving a structured questionnaires with a factorial experimental design. Main outcome measures were GH recommendations for previously untreated children and those children who were treated with GH for 1 year.

RESULTS:

The response rate was 90%. In previously untreated children, recommendations to initiate GH were consistent with guidelines and also influenced by family preferences and physician attitudes (P < .001). In children treated with GH, recommendations on whether to continue GH were influenced by the growth response to therapy (P < .01) but were divided regarding course of action. With identical growth responses to treatment, physician decisions diverged (intensify versus discontinue GH) and were driven by independent, nonphysiologic, and contextual factors (eg, physician attitudes, family preferences, and GH-initiation recommendation; each P < .001). Together, attitudinal and contextual factors exerted more influence on continuation decisions than did the growth response to therapy.

CONCLUSIONS:

Physician decisions to initiate GH are largely consistent with evidence-based medicine. However, decisions about continuing GH vary and are strongly influenced by factors other than response to treatment. With a potential market of 500 000 US children and costs exceeding $10 billion per year, changes in GH use may depend on potentially modifiable physician attitudes and family preferences as much as physiologic evidence.
Sexuality, Contraception, and the Media
Authors: Strasburger Victor C. ,   The Council on Communications and Media
Published: August 2010

This Policy Statement was retired July 2017.

From a health viewpoint, early sexual activity among US adolescents is a potential problem because of the risk of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. New evidence points to the media adolescents use frequently (television, music, movies, magazines, and the Internet) as important factors in the initiation of sexual intercourse. There is a major disconnect between what mainstream media portray—casual sex and sexuality with no consequences—and what children and teenagers need—straightforward information about human sexuality and the need for contraception when having sex. Television, film, music, and the Internet are all becoming increasingly sexually explicit, yet information on abstinence, sexual responsibility, and birth control remains rare. It is unwise to promote “abstinence-only” sex education when it has been shown to be ineffective and when the media have become such an important source of information about “nonabstinence.” Recommendations are presented to help pediatricians address this important issue.
Gynecologic Examination for Adolescents in the Pediatric Office Setting
Authors: Braverman Paula K. , Breech Lesley ,   The Committee on Adolescence
Published: August 2010

The American Academy of Pediatrics promotes the inclusion of the gynecologic examination in the primary care setting within the medical home. Gynecologic issues are commonly seen by clinicians who provide primary care to adolescents. Some of the most common concerns include questions related to pubertal development; menstrual disorders such as dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, and abnormal uterine bleeding; contraception; and sexually transmitted and non–sexually transmitted infections. The gynecologic examination is a key element in assessing pubertal status and documenting physical findings. Most adolescents do not need an internal examination involving a speculum or bimanual examination. However, for cases in which more extensive examination is needed, the primary care office with the primary care clinician who has established rapport and trust with the patient is often the best setting for pelvic examination. This report reviews the gynecologic examination, including indications for the pelvic examination in adolescents and the approach to this examination in the office setting. Indications for referral to a gynecologist are included. The pelvic examination may be successfully completed when conducted without pressure and approached as a normal part of routine young women's health care.
Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2010–2011
Authors:   Committee on Infectious Diseases
Published: August 2010

The purpose of this statement is to update current recommendations for routine use of trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine and antiviral medications for the prevention and treatment of influenza in children. The 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic virus is expected to circulate, with infants and children at increased risk of severe illness and death. This year's trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine contains A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like antigen (derived from the 2009 pandemic influenza A [H1N1] virus); A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like antigen; and B/Brisbane/60/2008-like antigen. Pediatricians continue to have a leadership role in the prevention of influenza through vaccine use and public education. In addition, pediatricians should promptly identify influenza infections to enable rapid treatment of influenza, when indicated, to reduce childhood morbidity and mortality.
Safety and Security of Older Persons in Tehran, Iran: A Sociological Appraisal of Elder Abuse
Authors: Sheykhi Mohammad Taghi
Published: August 2010

The article explores and evaluates the quality of life, safety, and security of elderly people in Tehran City in Iran. In that, different dimensions of material and social well-being, and abuse of people of the age 65 and above, are assessed. Besides the human rights, the dignity, and the gradual decline of the elderly's social security are reflected. The research also aims to study the elder age-groups in order to find out how these people gradually lose their physical and mental reliance, and as a result, how their dependence on others and various services enhances. The method of research mainly being empirical, it is preceded by theoretical and literature review. Five hundred elderly people were randomly selected for the study. Findings suggest that the aging pyramid shrinks and narrows at the age of 65 or even before in the present study. Research reached the conclusion that the young elderly with new needs and expectations are highly different from those of their pervious generations.
Psychometric Properties of the Reminiscence Functions Scale for the Portuguese Population: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Gonçalves Daniela C. , Guedes Joana Martins , Fonseca António M. , Martín Inácio
Published: August 2010

The aim of the present study was to assess the psychometric properties of a version in Portuguese of the Reminiscence Functions Scale. Total sample was composed of 628 participants aged between 18 and 92 years, divided into three groups according to their age (18–24 years, n = 249; 26–54 years, n = 174; 55 and older, n = 205). Results indicated a five-factor solution for the Portuguese version of the Reminiscence Functions Scale, which accounted for 54% of the variance with good internal consistency (mean α = 0.86).

Age and gender differences emerged regarding reminiscence functions. These results demonstrate that, while significant cultural differences exist, the psychometric properties of the Reminiscence Functions Scale are adequate for the Portuguese population.
Ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([bmim]Br): A green and neutral reaction media for the efficient, catalyst-free synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives
Authors: Zare Abdolkarim , Hasaninejad Alireza , Parhami Abolfath , Moosavi-Zare Ahmad , Khedri Fatemeh , Parsaee Zahra , Abdolalipoor-Saretoli Maasoomeh , Khedri Maasoomeh , Roshankar Mehrnoosh , Deisi Hanafieh
Published: August 2010

Quinoxaline derivatives were produced in excellent yields and short reaction
times via the condensation of 1,2-diamines with 1,2-diketones in the neutral
ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([bmim]Br) under
catalyst-free and microwave irradiation conditions.
Earnings Management Using Discontinued Operations
Authors: Barua Abhijit , Lin Steve , Sbaraglia Andrew M.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT: This study investigates whether managers use classification shifting to manage earnings when reporting discontinued operations. Using a methodology similar to McVay (2006), we find evidence consistent with the hypothesis that firms shift operating expenses to income-decreasing discontinued operations to increase core earnings. Our findings also indicate that managers use classification shifting to meet or beat analysts’ forecasts. Finally, we find that, since the introduction of SFAS No. 144, the reporting frequency of discontinued operations has increased; however, the magnitude of classification shifting has decreased. We provide potential explanations for this finding.
The Persistence and Market Valuation of Recurring Nonrecurring Items
Authors: Cready William , Lopez Thomas J. , Sisneros Craig A.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT: This study focuses on the persistence and market value implications of a subset of nonrecurring charges that are atypical due to repeated occurrence. The increased recurrence of supposedly nonrecurring items perhaps reflects managerial shifting of (more permanent) ordinary expenses to a transitory category or, alternatively, may reflect an environment where these items naturally occur more frequently. Either scenario suggests that these repetitive charges have future earnings implications dramatically different from truly nonrecurring events and should therefore be valued more like a recurring component of earnings. Consistent with this notion, we find that as the frequency of reporting negative special items increases (measured by the presence of multiple prior charges), the persistence of these items significantly increases with respect to future earnings. Our evidence also suggests that the valuation multiple on such charges increases with frequency. That is, the market values “recurring nonrecurring” items more like the other components of recurring earnings.
Analysts’ Incentives to Overweight Management Guidance When Revising Their Short-Term Earnings Forecasts
Authors: Feng Mei , McVay Sarah
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT: We document that, when revising their short-term earnings forecasts in response to management guidance, analysts wishing to curry favor with management weight the guidance more heavily than predicted, based on the credibility and usefulness of the guidance. This overweighting of guidance is present prior to equity offerings and other events that could lead to investment banking business. Although analysts sacrifice their forecast accuracy by overweighting management guidance, they appear to benefit, on average, by subsequently gaining the underwriting business for their banks. Thus, while analysts wishing to please managers are optimistic in their long-term earnings forecasts, they take their cue from management when determining their short-term earnings forecasts.
Perceptions of Investment Risk Associated with Material Control Weakness Pervasiveness and Disclosure Detail
Authors: Rose Jacob M. , Norman Carolyn Strand , Rose Anna M.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT: This research examines whether investors adjust their assessments of investment risk in response to material control weakness disclosures, the pervasiveness of material control weaknesses, and the detail of explanation provided regarding the pervasiveness of material control weaknesses. Findings from a laboratory experiment with 97 nonprofessional investors, a second experiment with 53 nonprofessional investors, and surveys of 47 investors and 28 Fortune 500 directors confirm prior archival findings that investors adjust their investment risk assessments in response to material weakness disclosures. More importantly, we find evidence of an interactive effect of material control weakness pervasiveness and disclosure detail that is counter to the expected benefits of expanded disclosure desired by corporate directors. When material weakness disclosures include specific and detailed discussion of the pervasiveness of control weaknesses, investors increase assessments of investment risk for less pervasive weaknesses and decrease assessments of risk for more pervasive weaknesses. Results indicate that these findings are driven by different levels of investor trust in management.
Adiponectin Prevents Diabetic Premature Senescence of Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Promotes Endothelial Repair by Suppressing the p38 MAP Kinase/p16INK4A Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chang Junlei , Li Yiming , Huang Yu , Lam Karen S.L. , Hoo Ruby L.C. , Wong Wing Tak , Cheng Kenneth K.Y. , Wang Yiqun , Vanhoutte Paul M. , Xu Aimin
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE

A reduced number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are casually associated with the cardiovascular complication of diabetes. Adiponectin exerts multiple protective effects against cardiovascular disease, independent of its insulin-sensitizing activity. The objective of this study was to investigate whether adiponectin plays a role in modulating the bioavailability of circulating EPCs and endothelial repair.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Adiponectin knockout mice were crossed with db+/− mice to produce db/db diabetic mice without adiponectin. Circulating number of EPCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Reendothelialization was evaluated by staining with Evans blue after wire-induced carotid injury.

RESULTS

In adiponectin knockout mice, the number of circulating EPCs decreased in an age-dependent manner compared with the wild-type controls, and this difference was reversed by the chronic infusion of recombinant adiponectin. In db/db diabetic mice, the lack of adiponectin aggravated the hyperglycemia-induced decrease in circulating EPCs and also diminished the stimulatory effects of the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone on EPC production and reendothelialization. In EPCs isolated from both human peripheral blood and mouse bone marrow, treatment with adiponectin prevented high glucose–induced premature senescence. At the molecular level, adiponectin decreased high glucose–induced accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and consequently suppressed activation of p38 MAP kinase (MAPK) and expression of the senescence marker p16INK4A.

CONCLUSIONS

Adiponectin prevents EPC senescence by inhibiting the ROS/p38 MAPK/p16INK4A signaling cascade. The protective effects of adiponectin against diabetes vascular complications are attributed in part to its ability to counteract hyperglycemia-mediated decrease in the number of circulating EPCs.
Conditional Gene Targeting in Mouse Pancreatic β-Cells
Authors: Wicksteed Barton , Brissova Marcela , Yan Wenbo , Opland Darren M. , Plank Jennifer L. , Reinert Rachel B. , Dickson Lorna M. , Tamarina Natalia A. , Philipson Louis H. , Shostak Alena , Bernal-Mizrachi Ernesto , Elghazi Lynda , Roe Michael W. , Labosky Patricia A. , Myers Martin G. , Gannon Maureen , Powers Alvin C. , Dempsey Peter J.
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE

Conditional gene targeting has been extensively used for in vivo analysis of gene function in β-cell biology. The objective of this study was to examine whether mouse transgenic Cre lines, used to mediate β-cell– or pancreas-specific recombination, also drive Cre expression in the brain.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Transgenic Cre lines driven by Ins1, Ins2, and Pdx1 promoters were bred to R26R reporter strains. Cre activity was assessed by β-galactosidase or yellow fluorescent protein expression in the pancreas and the brain. Endogenous Pdx1 gene expression was monitored using Pdx1tm1Cvw lacZ knock-in mice. Cre expression in β-cells and co-localization of Cre activity with orexin-expressing and leptin-responsive neurons within the brain was assessed by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS

All transgenic Cre lines examined that used the Ins2 promoter to drive Cre expression showed widespread Cre activity in the brain, whereas Cre lines that used Pdx1 promoter fragments showed more restricted Cre activity primarily within the hypothalamus. Immunohistochemical analysis of the hypothalamus from Tg(Pdx1-cre)89.1Dam mice revealed Cre activity in neurons expressing orexin and in neurons activated by leptin. Tg(Ins1-Cre/ERT)1Lphi mice were the only line that lacked Cre activity in the brain.

CONCLUSIONS

Cre-mediated gene manipulation using transgenic lines that express Cre under the control of the Ins2 and Pdx1 promoters are likely to alter gene expression in nutrient-sensing neurons. Therefore, data arising from the use of these transgenic Cre lines must be interpreted carefully to assess whether the resultant phenotype is solely attributable to alterations in the islet β-cells.
Implementing a State-Based Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors: Vanderwood Karl K. , Hall Taryn O. , Harwell Todd S. , Butcher Marcene K. , Helgerson Steven D. ,   on behalf of the Montana Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Prevention Program Workgroup
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate weight loss and cardiometabolic risk reduction achieved through an adapted Diabetes Prevention Program intervention among adults at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Eight health care facilities implemented a group-based lifestyle intervention beginning in 2008. Participants attended 16 weekly core sessions followed by 6 monthly after core sessions.

RESULTS

A total of 1,003 participants were enrolled, 816 (81%) completed the core and 578 (58%) completed the after core. Of participants completing the core and after core, 45 and 49% achieved the 7% weight loss goal, respectively. There were significant improvements in blood pressure, fasting glucose, and LDL cholesterol among participants completing the intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings indicate it is feasible for state-coordinated CVD and diabetes prevention programs to achieve significant weight loss and improve cardiometabolic risk.
Antidepressant Medicine Use and Risk of Developing Diabetes During the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study
Authors: Rubin Richard R. , Ma Yong , Peyrot Mark , Marrero David G. , Price David W. , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth , Knowler William C. ,   for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE

To assess the association between antidepressant medicine use and risk of developing diabetes during the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

DPP/DPPOS participants were assessed for diabetes every 6 months and for antidepressant use every 3 months in DPP and every 6 months in DPPOS for a median 10.0-year follow-up.

RESULTS

Controlled for factors associated with diabetes risk, continuous antidepressant use compared with no use was associated with diabetes risk in the placebo (adjusted hazard ratio 2.34 [95% CI 1.32–4.15]) and lifestyle (2.48 [1.45–4.22]) arms, but not in the metformin arm (0.55 [0.25–1.19]).

CONCLUSIONS

Continuous antidepressant use was significantly associated with diabetes risk in the placebo and lifestyle arms. Measured confounders and mediators did not account for this association, which could represent a drug effect or reflect differences not assessed in this study between antidepressant users and nonusers.
Reducing power and radical scavenging activity of four Parmeliaceae species
Authors: Stojanović Gordana , Stojanović Igor , Stankov-Jovanović Vesna , Mitić Violeta , Kostić Danijela
Published: August 2010

The methanol extracts of four Parmeliaceae lichens (Hypogymnia physodes, Evernia prunastri, Flavoparmelia caperata and Parmelia sulcata) were screened for antioxidant properties and total phenol content. The H. physodes extract was the most effective at reducing iron(III) and scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, while the P. sulcata extract was the most effective in reducing molybdenum(VI) in an acidic medium. The E. prunastri and H. physodes extracts contained more Folin-Ciocalteu reagent reactive substances than the F. caperata and P. sulcata extracts. Significant activity of the H. physodes extract in DPPH and reducing Fe(III) assays suggest that this lichen can be considered as a potential source of antioxidants.
Identification of Aeromonas salmonicida in European perch from North Lithuanian rivers during mass mortalities in 2008
Authors: Skrodenytė-Arbačiauskienė Vesta , Kazlauskienė Nijolė , Vosylienė Milda , Virbickas Tomas
Published: August 2010

The investigation was carried out to ascertain the cause of mass mortalities in European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in North Lithuanian rivers in 2008 that reached a maximum in mid-autumn at a water temperature of 6°C. Marked changes were detected in morphophysiological parameters (spleen-, gill-, liver- and heart-somatic indices), which corresponded to changes in haematological parameters (leukocyte count was significantly elevated or reduced) of the infected fish. The viable bacterial counts in the gill, liver and kidney of infected live fish samples ranged from 2.3±0.3 × 103 to 6.3×00B1;0.4 × 103 c.f.u./g. The BOX-PCR fingerprinting technique was used for characterization and identification of the isolated bacterial strains from liver and kidney of infected perch. The bacterial isolates were identified by sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Pathogenic Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida has been identified as a possible causative agent of the observed mortality in European perch.
Effects of oral supplementation of mint extract on muscle pain and blood lactate
Authors: Sönmez Gül , Çolak Mergül , Sönmez Sedat , Schoenfeld Brad
Published: August 2010

Effects of oral supplementation of mint extract on muscle pain and blood lactate

Study aim: To determine the effects of mint extract on muscle pain and blood lactate levels after a 400-m run.

Material and methods: A group of 16 physical education students (mean age 21.81 ± 2.13 years) volunteered to participate in the study. The subjects were randomly assigned into 3 groups: mint, placebo or control. The mint group was given orally mint extract (5 ml/kg of body mass) and the placebo group was given unsweetened tea (5 ml/kg) in a double-blind fashion and cross-over design one hour before a 400-m running test. Subjects in the control group remained untreated. The effect of mint extract on muscle pain was recorded by an inquiry; blood lactate levels were measured after the running test.

Results: Oral administration of mint extract significantly (p<0.01) decreased blood lactate concentrations but muscle pain levels remained unchanged in all groups.

Conclusions: Oral administration of mint extract may have a beneficial effect on blood lactate clearance and therefore may increase athletic performance.
Adsorption of Chromium(VI) and Zinc(II) Ions on the Skin of Orange Peels (Citrus sinensis)
Authors: Ekpete O. A. , Kpee F. , Amadi J. C. , Rotimi R. B.
Published: August 2010

The removal of heavy metal ions Cr (VI) and Zn (II) from aqueous solution using theskin of orange peel (Citrus sinensis) as an adsorbent under different experimentalconditions was investigated in this study. The concentrations of the metal ions adsorbedwere determined by atomic absorption spectroscopic (AAS) method. The parametersinvestigated were temperature, contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ionsconcentration and pH. It was observed that the white inner skin of orange removed more ofCr (VI) than Zn (II) metal ions in all the adsorption experiments. The optimum removal ofthe Cr (VI) and Zn (II) metal ions occurred at pH 3 and at temperature 30°C. Application ofthe Langmuir isotherm to the systems yielded maximum adsorption capacity of 8.068 (mg/g)and 1.078 (mg/g) for Cr (VI) and Zn (II) metal ions respectively.Keywords: Orange peel; Adsorption; Heavy metals; LangmuirDOI: 10.3126/jncs.v26i0.3628Journal of Nepal Chemical SocietyVol. 26, 2010Page:31-39
High Frequency Micropropagation of Aloe vera L. Burm. f. as a Low Cost Option Towards Commercialization
Authors: Das Anusree , Mukherjee Priyanka , Jha Timir Baran
Published: August 2010

An efficient micropropagation protocol has been developed using shoot apical meristem as explants in a high barbaloin content 'bitter' cultivar of Aloe vera L. The protocol involves induction, multiplication and in vitro rooting of the regenerated shoots and their acclimation under ex vitro conditions. 35.5 µM BAP and 9.8 µM IBA in combination with 81.4 µM adenine sulphate proved optimum for shoot bud induction. Combination of 8.87 µM BAP and 2.46 µM IBA produced highest number of shoot buds (22.0 ± 0.14) and enhanced bud proliferation within one - two weeks after first subculture. For induction of in vitro rooting, Aloe gel as an alternative to conventional rooting medium used for the first time resulted in 100% rooting and highest number of roots per culture (10.90 ± 0.17). The plantlets were successfully hardened. Cent per cent plants survived in the field condition. Chromosomal analysis of the regenerated plantlets established a stable germplasm with 2n = 14 bimodal chromosomes. The cost effectiveness and economic viability of the protocol has also been evaluated. Key words: Aloe vera, bitter cultivar, micropropagation, cost analysis D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v20i1.5962 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 20(1): 29-35, 2010 (June)
Micropropagation of Pogostemon cablin Benth. through Direct Regeneration for Production of True to Type Plants
Authors: Kumaraswamy M. , Anuradha M.
Published: August 2010

Multiple shoots from nodal explants of Pogostemon cablin Benth. MS supple-mented with 0.5 mg/l BAP initiated a mean of 45.66 shoots/nodal explant. Within four weeks of initiation, regenerated multiple shoots attained a height of 3.6 cm. Subsequent transfer of these in vitro derived nodal segments onto MS supplemented with BAP and Kn ( 0.5 mg/l), induced  a mean of 62.45 shoots. Higher concentration of either BAP or Kn more than 0.5 mg/l resulted in callus proliferation and showed hyperhydric shoots with morphological abnormalities. Rooting was readily achieved upon transfer of shoots on half strength MS supplemented with 100 mg/l activated charcoal. Rooted shoots, following acclimatization in greenhouse, were successfully transferred to soil with 91% survival. Also shoots regenerated in vitro were directly transplanted to soil and acclimatized. Tissue cultured plants were analyzed for oil content by employing gas chromatography and found that the patterns were similar to mother plants. This confirms the true to type nature of micropropagated plants. Key words: Micropropagation, Direct regeneration, Pogostemon cablin, organogenesis D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v20i1.5971 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 20(1): 81-89, 2010 (June)
Osteomyoplastic and Traditional Transtibial Amputations in the Trauma Patient: Perioperative Comparisons and Outcomes
Authors: Taylor Benjamin C. , French Bruce , Poka Attila , Blint Andrew , Mehta Sanjay
Published: August 2010

We hypothesized that patients undergoing transtibial amputation osteomyoplasty would have better functional outcomes than patients undergoing traditional transtibial amputation. We conducted a retrospective review of the medical and radiographic records to evaluate and compare 26 patients who underwent transtibial amputation osteomyoplasty and 10 patients who underwent traditional transtibial amputation, with specific attention to perioperative complications and functional outcomes. At >1 year follow-up, patients who underwent amputation osteomyoplasty had significantly improved rates of return to work and decreased rates of revision than patients who underwent traditional transtibial amputation. Sickness Impact Profile questionnaire results completed at a mean of 28 months postoperatively showed significantly better overall scores and physical and psychosocial dimension scores for amputation osteomyoplasty patients. Based on the results of this study, the outcomes of amputation osteomyoplasty appear to be safe and may be more beneficial than traditional amputation, in terms of improved functional outcomes for patients after severe lower-extremity trauma.
Evaluation of a Noninvasive Expandable Prosthesis in Musculoskeletal Oncology Patients for the Upper and Lower Limb
Authors: Beebe Kathleen , Benevenia Joseph , Kaushal Neil , Uglialoro Anthony , Patel Neeraj , Patterson Francis
Published: August 2010

The noninvasive expandable prosthesis is used for limb-salvage surgery following tumor resection in skeletally immature patients. The purpose of this retrospective study is to report our experience with the Repiphysis (Wright Medical Technology, Inc; Arlington, Tennessee) noninvasive expandable prosthesis for both the lower extremity and compassionate use in the upper extremity in 12 patients between 2003 and 2008.

Twelve prostheses were implanted in 12 patients with an average follow-up of 38 months (range, 12–78 months). Nine patients underwent a total of 38 expansion procedures. Mean total expansion was 4.5 cm (range, 0.8–9.9 cm). No complications of lengthening occurred. Seven nononcologic complications were noted. One infection was reported in 12 patients. The mean MSTS score after rehabilitation was 24.5 (range, 13–30).

The Repiphysis noninvasive prosthesis provides acceptable functional outcomes for both upper and lower extremity implantation and appears to have an advantage as compared to conventional expandable prosthetics, which require open procedures that can potentially increase the risk of infection from repeated hardware exposure.
Pyoderma Gangrenosum Complicating Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Attar Samer , Spangehl Mark J , Casey William J , Smith Anthony A
Published: August 2010

Pyoderma gangrenosum is an ulcerative, necrotic dermatosis of unknown etiology. It is frequently associated with inflammatory, hematologic, or neoplastic disease. Clinical and physical evaluation can imitate postoperative wound infections. This article reports a case of pyoderma gangrenosum in a patient who underwent bilateral total knee arthroplasty. Her postoperative course was complicated by wound dehiscence and ulceration in both knees. Her condition deteriorated despite debridements and antibiotic therapy. Deep intraoperative cultures were all negative. Once the diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum was established and once appropriate treatment with steroids was initiated, her condition improved. The diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum should be considered in patients with wound deterioration who remain culture-negative and fail to respond to debridement and antibiotic treatment. This case report highlights the presentation of pyoderma gangrenosum and its ability to be misdiagnosed as infection. A delay in treatment may result in unnecessary surgery that will further exacerbate this inflammatory condition.