bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital influencers: An exploratory study of influencer marketing campaign process on instagram
Authors: Krywalski Santiago Joanna , Moreira Castelo Inês
Published: September 2020

The evolution of the digital age and the rise of social networking sites brought changes to the consumer behavior. This transformation has led to an increasing number of opportunities and challenges. The increasing importance of digital influencers has been acknowledged by both practitioners and academics. However, due to its contemporaneity, the academic literature regarding this subject faces some limitations. Thus, the present study explored the perceptions of the marketing professionals towards digital influencers and influencer marketing campaigns on Instagram in the light of existing literature as well as to identify the most contemporary issues. This research followed a qualitative approach with a non-probabilistic convenience sampling. To achieve the objective of this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the professionals of the beauty sector, who have already contributed to influencer marketing campaigns. The results highlight the importance of digital influencers and the need for their creative freedom, authenticity and credibility. The findings display some of the difficulties the professionals undertake as it comes to measuring return on investment, managing rewards and differentiation of influencer campaigns. The main value of this study is that it documents all stages of the influencer marketing process as well as highlights the challenges and success factors of an influencer campaign
The Mechanisms of Formation of Immunodeficiency's, Autoimmune Reactions and Hypersensitivity under the Influence of Xenobiotics
Authors: Zabrodsky Pavel F
Published: September 2020

In the last 30-40 years, a new scientific direction has been formed, which is studying the effect of xenobiotics on the nonspecific resistance of the organism and the immune system immunotoxicology. The subject of immunotoxicology is the study of the effect on the immune homeostasis of xenobiotics: toxic chemicals (TCh), pharmacological agents and biological agents [1-3]. At the same time, damage to the immune system can be the result of both direct and indirect effects of xenobiotics and/or their metabolites. In addition, xenobiotics (or their metabolites) can develop an immune response with the formation of antibodies. It should be noted, and the possibility of modification of toxic compounds, as a result of which they acquire the properties of antigen. It is also possible the formation of antibodies to the complex toxicant-antigen [1-4].
Epidemiological study on the Determinants of Child Non-Vaccination at National Polio Immunization Days in December 2012 in the Health District of Lomie East-Cameroon
Authors: Matene Fongang Carolle Laure
Published: September 2020

Background: Cameroon has been in a polio epidemic since October 2013, so the country has been forced into a response vaccination approach. In rural health districts in this case l OMIE District, the proportion of children unvaccinated during the campaigns varies between 25 and 30%, while the standard would be to have less than 5% of unvaccinated children. The question of the reasons for the non-vaccination of children in Cameroon has therefore arisen.

Objectives: The aim was to determine the factors of non-vaccination of children at the National Polio Immunization Days (NIDs) in December 2012, through the quality of the NVD organization, the health skills of human resources and the parents.

Methodology: We carried out an analytical cross-sectional study from the 9 to the 20th of December 2012. We interviewed 292 parents and their children, 75 social mobilisers, 79 vaccinators, 41 proximity supervisors and 12 pilot health facilities EPI focal persons. The number of children selected per health area was proportional to it demographic weight. Quarters and blocs were selected by simple random sampling while the children by systemic random sampling. Personnel selected were those that intervene in the chosen localities.

Results: The study found that 20.8% of children were unvaccinated. The first reason for non-vaccination was the non-visiting of the household by vaccinators (41.9%). Difficulties in access due to bad roads (40%), lack of vehicles or means of locomotion adapted to the area (35%). Parents were informed in 85.6% of cases. The JNV polio micro plan was available in 25% of health areas and 41.7% of community supervisors conducted household surveys.
Giant splenic artery aneurysm with pancreatic involvement
Authors: Gómez Sánchez J , de Castro Monedero P , Rubio López J , Álvarez Conde JL
Published: September 2020

Los aneurismas de la arteria esplénica son los aneurismas viscerales más frecuentes. Suelen ser asintomáticos y su diagnóstico es con frecuencia incidental. Aparecen con mayor proporción en el sexo femenino y su complicación más grave y potencialmente mortal es la rotura espontánea. La aparición de aneurismas gigantes es extremadamente rara, pero en ocasiones, su tamaño y su localización anatómica producen la aparición de síntomas compresivos que requieren de tratamiento quirúrgico. A continuación describimos la imagen y clínica de un aneurisma gigante esplénico con afectación pancreática.
Bouveret's syndrome: an unusual cause of duodenal obstruction.
Authors: Alcaide Lucena M , Zurita Saavedra MS , Hernández García MD , Mirón Pozo B
Published: September 2020

El Síndrome de Bouveret es una causa infrecuente de íleo biliar manifestada como obstrucción gástrica secundaria al impacto de un cálculo en el duodeno, debido a una fístula colecistoduodenal o coledocoduodenal. El tratamiento es quirúrgico, aunque existen controversias en la literatura en cuanto a resolver únicamente la obstrucción, o tratar en el mismo acto la fístula. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 78 años tratada recientemente en nuestro centro.
Family Support With Life Quality In Patients With Failure To Convert Heart
Authors: Herawati Enceng , Aszrul AB  , Tombong Andi Baso
Published: September 2020

Patients with heart failure already have problems that will affect the quality of life, one of which can be influenced by family support. This study aims to determine the relationship of family support with quality of life in patients with congestive heart failure in H. Andi Sulthan Daeng Radja Hospital Bulukumba District. This study is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach. Sampling was done by consecutive sampling technique. The population in this study were 144 patients with congestive heart failure at H. Andi Sulthan Daeng Radja Regional General Hospital. The sample in this study were 48 people. The measuring instrument used is a questionnaire. Data analysis using the Chi-Square test. The results of the study showed that from 21 respondents who received good family support there were 16 (57.14) whose quality of life was poor and 5 (25%) of good quality. And from 27 respondents who received family support in the poor category, there were 12 (42.85%) of poor quality of life, and 15 (75%) of good quality. Based on the results of the analysis of family support with quality of life using the Chi-Square statistical test obtained p = <0.027 <0.5 indicates that there is a relationship between family support and quality of life in congestive heart failure patients at H. Andi Sulthan Daeng Radja Hospital Bulukumba District.
Alberto Romero Ferrer, El género chico. Introducción al estudio del teatro corto fin siglo (De su incidencia gaditana). Cádiz, Servicio de publicaciones de la Universidad de Cádiz, 1993, pp. 244 más ilustraciones
Authors: Fuente Ballesteros Ricardo de la
Published: September 2020

Reseña del libro "El género chico. Introducción al estudio del teatro corto fin siglo (De su incidencia gaditana)".
[AI-Machine Learning] Optimized Sensorless Human Heartrate Estimation for a Dance Workout Application
Authors: Jeong G. , Freitas N.
Published: September 2020

Over the last decade, there has been a great effort to use technology to make exercise more interactive, measurable and gamified. However, in order to improve the accuracy of the detections and measurements needed, these efforts have always translated themselves into multiple sensors including purpose specific hardware, which results in extra expenses and induces limitations on the final mobility of the user. In this paper we aim to optimize a sensorless system that estimates the real-time user heartrate and performs better than the current wearable technology, for further calorie and other vital indicators calculations. The findings here will be applied on a posture correction system for a dance and fitness application.
[AI-Machine Learning] Optimized Sensorless Human Pose Estimation for a Kpop Dance Application
Authors: Jeong G. , Freitas N. , Cho Y. , Han C.
Published: September 2020

There has been a great effort to use technology to make exercise more interactive, measurable and gamified. However, in order to optimize the detection accuracy, these efforts have always translated themselves into motion detection with multiple sensors including purpose specific hardware, which results in extra expenses on both the content production and consumption and induces limitations on the final mobility of the user. In this paper we aim to improve the accuracy, learning speed and detail range of Posenet’s AI sensorless human pose detection by using an artificial neural network to optimize its extraction and comparison algorithms, changing the current model that uses a ResNet convolutional neural network (CNN) to a model using DenseNet and developing a new algorithm for detailed corrections using relevant artificial neural networks. The findings here will be applied on a posture correction system for a dance and fitness application.
The Near-infrared Spectrum of the Nuclear Star Cluster: Looking below the Tip of the Iceberg, and Comparisons with Extragalactic Nuclei*
Authors: Davidge T. J.
Published: September 2020

Long-slit near-infrared (NIR) spectra of the Galactic nuclear star cluster (NSC) are discussed. The spectra sample the major axis of the NSC out to its half-light radius. The absorption spectrum of the central regions of the NSC is averaged over angular scales of tens of arc seconds in order to sample globular cluster-like total luminosities, and the results are compared with model spectra. The equivalent widths of Na i2.21 μm and Ca 2.26 μm outside of the center of the NSC, where light from nuclear bulge stars contributes a large fraction to the total flux, are consistent with solar chemical mixtures. In contrast, the equivalent widths of Na i2.21 μm and Ca i2.26 μm near the center of the NSC are larger than expected from models with solar chemical mixtures, even after light from the brightest evolved stars is removed. The depths of spectroscopic features changing along the major axis of the NSC are consistent with imaging studies that have found evidence of population gradients in the NSC. That Na i2.21 μm and Ca i2.26 μm are deeper than predicted for solar chemical mixtures over a range of evolutionary states is consistent with previous studies that find that the majority of stars near the center of the NSC formed from material that had nonsolar chemical mixtures. The depths of the Na i2.21 μm and Ca i2.26 μm features in the central regions of the NSC are comparable to those in the nuclear spectrum of the early-type Virgo disk galaxy NGC 4491, and are deeper than in the central spectra of NGC 253 and 7793. A spectrum of nebular emission and the youngest stars near the galactic center is also extracted. The equivalent widths of emission features in the extracted NIR spectrum are similar to those in the nuclear spectrum of NGC 253, and it is argued that this agreement is best achieved if the current episode of star formation near the center of the NSC has been in progress for at least a few megayears.
On the Chemical Abundance of HR 8799 and the Planet c
Authors: Wang 王 Ji 吉 , Wang 王劲 Jason J. 飞 , Ma Bo , Chilcote Jeffrey , Ertel Steve , Guyon Olivier , Ilyin Ilya , Jovanovic Nemanja , Kalas Paul , Lozi Julien , Macintosh Bruce , Strassmeier Klaus G. , Stone Jordan
Published: September 2020

Comparing chemical abundances of a planet and the host star reveals the origin and formation pathway of the planet. Stellar abundance is measured with high-resolution spectroscopy. Planet abundance, on the other hand, is usually inferred from low-resolution data. For directly imaged exoplanets, the data are available from a slew of high-contrast imaging/spectroscopy instruments. Here, we study the chemical abundance of HR 8799 and its planet c. We measure stellar abundance using LBT/PEPSI (R = 120,000) and archival HARPS data: stellar [C/H], [O/H], and C/O are 0.11 ± 0.12, 0.12 ± 0.14, and

, all consistent with solar values. We conduct atmospheric retrieval using newly obtained Subaru/CHARIS data together with archival Gemini/GPI and Keck/OSIRIS data. We model the planet spectrum with petitRADTRANS and conduct retrieval using PyMultiNest. Retrieved planetary abundance can vary by ∼0.5 dex, from sub-stellar to stellar C and O abundances. The variation depends on whether strong priors are chosen to ensure a reasonable planet mass. Moreover, comparison with previous works also reveals inconsistency in abundance measurements. We discuss potential issues that can cause the inconsistency, e.g., systematics in individual data sets and different assumptions in the physics and chemistry in retrieval. We conclude that no robust retrieval can be obtained unless the issues are fully resolved.
A Warm Jupiter Transiting an M Dwarf: A TESS Single-transit Event Confirmed with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder
Authors: Cañas Caleb I. , Stefansson Gudmundur , Kanodia Shubham , Mahadevan Suvrath , Cochran William D. , Endl Michael , Robertson Paul , Bender Chad F. , Ninan Joe P. , Beard Corey , Lubin Jack , Gupta Arvind F. , Everett Mark E. , Monson Andrew , Wilson Robert F. , Lewis Hannah M. , Brewer Mary , Majewski Steven R. , Hebb Leslie , Dawson Rebekah I. , Diddams Scott A. , Ford Eric B. , Fredrick Connor , Halverson Samuel , Hearty Fred , Lin Andrea S. J. , Metcalf Andrew J. , Rajagopal Jayadev , Ramsey Lawrence W. , Roy Arpita , Schwab Christian , Terrien Ryan C. , Wright Jason T.
Published: September 2020

We confirm the planetary nature of a warm Jupiter transiting the early M dwarf TOI-1899 using a combination of available TESS photometry; high-precision, near-infrared spectroscopy with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder; and speckle and adaptive optics imaging. The data reveal a transiting companion on an ∼29 day orbit with a mass and radius of

and

, respectively. The star, TOI-1899, is the lowest-mass star known to host a transiting warm Jupiter, and we discuss the follow-up opportunities afforded by a warm (

K) gas giant orbiting an M0 star. Our observations reveal that TOI-1899.01 is a puffy warm Jupiter, and we suggest additional transit observations to both refine the orbit and constrain the true dilution observed in TESS.
A Chandra X-Ray Survey of Optically Selected AGN Pairs
Authors: Hou Meicun , Li Zhiyuan , Liu Xin
Published: September 2020

We present a Chandra archival study of optically selected active galactic nucleus (AGN) pairs at a median redshift

. Out of 1286 AGN pairs (with projected separations r

p
 < 100 kpc and velocity offsets Δv < 600 km s−1) optically identified from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Seventh Data Release, we find 67 systems with archival Chandra observations, which represents the largest sample of optically selected AGN pairs studied in the X-ray. Among the 67 AGN pairs, 21 systems have both nuclei detected in the X-ray, 36 have one nucleus detected in the X-ray, and 10 have no X-ray detection. The X-ray detection rate, 78/134 = 58% (±7% 1σ Poisson errors), is significantly higher than that (23/134 = 17% ± 4%) of a comparison sample of star-forming galaxy pairs, lending support to the optical AGN classification. In the conservative case where X-ray contamination from star formation is removed, the X-ray detection rate becomes 27% ± 4%, consistent with predictions from the latest galaxy merger simulations. The 2–10 keV X-ray luminosity L
2–10 keV increases with decreasing projected separation in AGN pairs for r

p
≳ 15 kpc, suggesting an enhancement of black hole accretion even in early-stage mergers. On the other hand, L
2–10 keV appears to decrease with decreasing projected separation at r

p
≲15 kpc, which is contradictory to predictions from merger simulations. The apparent decrease in L
2–10 keV of AGN pairs at r

p
≲ 15 kpc may be caused by (i) enhanced absorbing columns from merger-induced gas inflows, (ii) feedback effects from early-stage mergers, and/or (iii) small number statistics. Future X-ray studies with larger samples are needed to put our results on firmer statistical ground.
Statistical Analysis of the Relation between Coronal Mass Ejections and Solar Energetic Particles
Authors: Kihara Kosuke , Huang Yuwei , Nishimura Nobuhiko , Nitta Nariaki V. , Yashiro Seiji , Ichimoto Kiyoshi , Asai Ayumi
Published: September 2020

To improve the forecasting capability of impactful solar energetic particle (SEP) events, the relation between coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and SEP events needs to be better understood. Here we present a statistical study of SEP occurrences and timescales with respect to the CME source locations and speeds, considering all 257 fast (v
CME ≥ 900 km s−1) and wide (angular width ≥60°) CMEs that occurred between 2006 December and 2017 October. We associate them with SEP events at energies above 10 MeV. Examination of the source region of each CME reveals that CMEs more often accompany a SEP event if they originate from the longitude of E20–W100 relative to the observer. However, an SEP event could still be absent if the CME is <2000 km s−1. For the associated CME–SEP pairs, we compute three timescales for each of the SEP events, namely the timescale of the onset (TO), the rise time (TR), and the duration (TD). They are correlated with the longitude of the CME source region relative to the footpoint of the Parker spiral (ΔΦ) and v
CME. The TO tends to be short for

60°. This trend is weaker for TR and TD. The SEP timescales are only weakly correlated with v
CME. Positive correlations of both TR and TD with v
CME are seen in poorly connected (large

) events. Additionally, TO appears to be negatively correlated with v
CME for events with small

.
Kinetic Simulations of the Jovian Energetic Ion Circulation around Ganymede
Authors: Plainaki Christina , Massetti Stefano , Jia Xianzhe , Mura Alessandro , Milillo Anna , Grassi Davide , Sindoni Giuseppe , D’Aversa Emiliano , Filacchione Gianrico
Published: September 2020

The temporal and spatial variability of the radiation environment around Ganymede has a direct impact on the moon’s exosphere, which links Jupiter’s magnetosphere with the satellite’s icy surface. The dynamics of the entry and circulation inside Ganymede’s magnetosphere of the Jovian energetic ions, as well as the morphology of their precipitation on the moon’s surface, determine the variability of the sputtered-water release. For this reason, the so-called planetary space weather conditions around Ganymede can also have a long-term impact on the weathering history of the moon’s surface. In this work, we simulate the Jovian energetic ion precipitation to Ganymede’s surface for different relative configurations between the moon’s magnetic field and Jupiter’s plasma sheet using a single-particle Monte Carlo model driven by the electromagnetic fields from a global MHD model. In particular, we study three science cases characterized by conditions similar to those encountered during the NASA Galileo G2, G8, and G28 flybys of Ganymede (i.e., when the moon was above, inside, and below the center of Jupiter’s plasma sheet). We discuss the differences between the various surface precipitation patterns and the implications in the water sputtering rate. The results of this preliminary analysis are relevant to ESA’s JUICE mission and in particular to the planning and optimization of future observation strategies for studying Ganymede’s environment.
Comparative Spectral Analysis of the Superluminous Supernova 2019neq
Authors: Könyves-Tóth Réka , Thomas Benjamin P. , Vinkó József , Wheeler J. Craig
Published: September 2020

We present a spectroscopic analysis of the recently discovered fast-evolving Type I superluminous supernova (SLSN-I) SN 2019neq (at redshift z = 0.1059). We compare it to the well-studied slowly evolving SLSN-I SN 2010kd (z = 0.101). Our main goal is to search for spectroscopic differences between the two groups of SLSNe-I. Differences in the spectra may reveal different ejecta compositions and explosion mechanisms. Our investigation concentrates on optical spectra observed with the 10 m Hobby–Eberly Telescope Low Resolution Spectrograph-2 at McDonald Observatory during the photospheric phase. We apply the SYN++ code to model the spectra of SN 2019neq taken at −4 days, +5 days, and +29 days from maximum light. We examine the chemical evolution and ejecta composition of the SLSN by identifying the elements and ionization states in its spectra. We find that a spectral model consisting of O iii, Co iii, and Si iv gives a SYN++ fit that is comparable to the typical SLSN-I spectral model consisting of O ii, and conclude that the true identification of those lines, at least in the case of SN 2019neq, is ambiguous. Based on modeling the entire optical spectrum, we classify SN 2019neq as a fast-evolving SLSN-I having a photospheric velocity gradient of

km s−1 day−1, which is among the highest velocity gradients observed for an SLSN-I. Inferring the velocity gradient from the proposed Fe ii
λ5169 feature alone would result in

km s−1 day−1, which is still within the observed range of fast-evolving SLSNe-I. In addition, we derive the number density of relevant ionization states for a variety of identified elements at the epoch of the three observations. Finally, we give constraints on the lower limit of the ejecta mass and find that both SLSNe have an ejecta mass at least one order of magnitude higher than normal SNe Ia, while the fast-evolving SN 2019neq has an ejecta mass a factor of two lower than the slowly evolving SN 2010kd. These mass estimates suggest the existence of a possible correlation between the evolution timescale and the ejected mass of SLSNe-I.
Replacement of Artemia spp. with zooplankton in Penaeus vannamei larviculture
Authors: Paz Patricio E. , López-Cabús Alberto J. , Cárdenas-Nieto Lino X. , Pejuán Wolfgang
Published: September 2020

Supplying healthy and cost-effective postlarvae is critical to the success of the shrimp industry. Given the cost of Artemia in larvae culture, there is considerable interest in using alternative live feeds such as copepods. This study's objective was to evaluate five diets with different proportions of Artemia and copepods offered to Penaeus vannamei larvae. Biological factors such as growth, survival to postlarvae, and final weights were evaluated in conjunction with economic factors. The diets offered were: 1) 100% Artemia 2) 75% Artemia and 25% copepods 3) 50% Artemia and 50% copepods 4) 25% Artemia and 75% copepods and 5) 100% copepods. Concerning the biological response, there were no significant differences observed between the five treatments. The economic evaluation was based on a partial budget. It was concluded that there were no significant differences in survival or yields. However, the data collected in this experiment concluded that the treatment with 100% Artemia had higher annual net benefits due to the combined effect of survival rates and cost. These net benefits can vary in other repetitions, so it is recommended to experiment more times to observe differences in profits among diets.
A Lei de Maquila e a atração de empresas brasileiras para o Paraguai
Authors: Monsores Carla de Oliveira , Oliveira Gilson Batista de
Published: September 2020

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo discutir a atração de empresas brasileiras através da Lei de Maquila paraguaia. O presente trabalho combina pesquisas qualitativas referentes as ponderações, análises e recorte teórico. Aqui, chega-se a conclusão que de fato que o Custo Brasil representa uma grande desvantagem no contexto global para os empresários e industriais brasileiros, fazendo com que esses busquem menores encargos tributários, trabalhistas e operacionais, a fim de se manterem competitivos no mercado, pois, não é estranho que o capital busque se financiar através de menores obrigações. Com isso, a Lei de Maquila implantada no Paraguai apresenta vantagens e traz a possibilidade de um desenvolvimento industrial, econômico e social em seu território e, consequentemente, contribui para melhorar a qualidade de vida da população paraguaia.
A sustentabilidade possível no planejamento urbano: um olhar sobre a agenda 2030 para o desenvolvimento sustentável
Authors: Silva Dweison Nunes Souza , Gomes Edvânia Torres Aguiar
Published: September 2020

O artigo busca analisar os desafios e perspectivas associados aos objetivos e metas da agenda 2030 para o desenvolvimento sustentável que versam sobre cidades sustentáveis no campo do planejamento urbano. Para tanto se utiliza de pesquisas histórica e bibliográfica para discutir e apresentar quem, de fato, tem o direito à cidade e de como esse direito tem-se efetivado (ou não) nos ambientes citadinos. Concomitante, são tecidas considerações acerca dos desafios de integração entre imperativos econômicos, sociais e ambientais no planejamento urbano. Observa-se que o urbanismo neoliberal praticado por agentes públicos e privados vem sendo orientado por uma inversão, pela qual o valor de uso das cidades – especialmente, o das habitações – torna-se submisso ao valor de troca no capitalismo contemporâneo. A questão ambiental, por sua vez, é utilizada como um instrumento de marketing meramente mercadológico. Portanto, nota-se que a garantia do direito coletivo a cidades inclusivas e sustentáveis só será obtido pelo engajamento das classes sociais excluídas do planejamento urbano do mundo do capital, buscando alternativas exequíveis diante de uma existência caracterizada pela ausência de políticas públicas sociais e ambientais satisfatórias, tampouco toleráveis.
Desenvolvimento e caracterização de farinha obtida a partir da casca do jenipapo (Genipa americana L.)
Authors: Souza Fernanda Pereira de , Vieira Keicy Priscila Maciel
Published: September 2020

O aproveitamento integral dos alimentos consiste na utilização de partes não convencionais que frequentemente são descartadas, tais como folhas, talos, cascas e sementes, estes não fazem parte dos hábitos alimentares da maioria das populações, porém podem ser importante fonte de nutrientes. Desta forma, neste estudo objetivou-se elaborar e caracterizar uma farinha obtida a partir da casca do jenipapo, evitando seu descarte. Para tanto, após a obtenção do jenipapo na feira das Rocas na cidade de Natal/RN, o jenipapo teve sua casca separada e destinada a fabricação de farinha a partir de técnicas padronizadas em laboratório e depois foi submetida a análises físico-químicas. A farinha apresentou boa característica nutricional. Assim, conclui-se que a utilização da casca de jenipapo na elaboração de farinha é viável, visando o aproveitamento de resíduos e enriquecimento de produtos de panificação. Além disso, a farinha elaborada possui fluxograma de processamento aplicável à população geral.
Amido e bagaço de mandioca (Manihot esculenta C.): obtenção e caracterização de diferentes variedades
Authors: Ronko Letícia Zander , Travalini Ana Paula , Demiate Ivo Mottin
Published: September 2020

A produção de mandioca, destinada tanto para consumo direto quanto para indústria de transformação, origina uma grande quantidade de resíduos constituintes da própria raiz, sendo um desses resíduos o bagaço de mandioca. A quantidade e qualidade desses resíduos variam em função de alguns fatores, tais como: cultivar, idade da planta, tempo pós colheita, além do produto obtido. O bagaço de mandioca, composto por amido e fibras, apresenta alto valor agregado devido aos seus componentes. Este trabalho, tem por objetivo obter o bagaço com o menor teor de amido possível a partir de três diferentes fontes, sendo duas a partir de raízes de mandioca e uma proveniente de bagaço industrial, caracterizar físico-quimicamente o bagaço e o amido, determinando o amido residual por método enzimático, o conteúdo de fibras (total, solúvel e insolúvel), umidade e cinzas, além do emprego de colorimetria e microscopia. A extração de amido foi mais efetiva no processo industrial, pois o bagaço apresentou um teor de amido menor. Associando a moagem com um tratamento ultrassônico, aumentou-se a extração de amido em 485 % na variedade Pioneira, 223 % na variedade Fécula Branca e 233% no bagaço industrial devido a uma maior área superficial para a extração. A análise viscoamilográfica mostrou diferentes comportamentos para os amidos analisados com diferentes viscosidades, podendo ser utilizados para diferentes aplicações. Os três amidos também apresentaram diferentes valores de tendência a retrogradação, sendo que o amido industrial apresentou a menor tendência e o mesmo apresentou estabilidade de pasta se comparado com os demais amidos.
Dataset of occurrences and ecological traits of amphibians from Upper Paraguay River Basin, central South America
Authors: Neves Matheus Oliveira , Cabral Hugo , Pedrozo Mariana , Ferreira Vanda Lucia , Moura Mário Ribeiro , Santana Diego José
Published: September 2020

There are many gaps in our biodiversity knowledge, especially in highly diverse regions such as the Neotropics. Basic information on species occurrence and traits are scattered throughout different literature sources, which makes it difficult to access data and ultimately delays advances in ecology, evolution, and conservation biology. We provide species occurrence and trait data for amphibian species in the Upper Paraguay River Basin, central South America. The compiled information is made available through two different datasets that hold (i) 17K species occurrence records and (ii) 30 species-level traits for 113 amphibian species. The first dataset includes the species occurrence records and informs specimen id, collection of housing, locality, geographical coordinates, geographic accuracy, collection date, and collector name. The second dataset covers species-level attributes on morphometry, diet, activity, habitat, and breeding strategy. These datasets improve accessibility to spatial and trait data for amphibian species in the Pantanal ecoregion, one of the largest wetlands on Earth.
A bobber’s perspective on angler-driven vectors of invasive species transmission
Authors: Fricke Rachel M. , Wood Spencer A. , Martin Dustin R. , Olden Julian D.
Published: September 2020

Prevention of aquatic invasive species is a fundamental management challenge. With hundreds of millions of people participating in fishing trips each year, understanding angler movements that transmit invasive species can provide critical insight into the most effective locations and scales at which to apply preventative measures. Recent evidence suggests that mobile technologies provide new opportunities to understand different types of angler movement behaviour beyond what is possible with infrequently and sparsely conducted in-person boat surveys and mail questionnaires. Here we capitalise on data provided by ReelSonar’s iBobber, a sonar-enabled bobber with over 5 M recorded fishing locations, globally. By quantifying geographic patterns of fishing activities and assessing how these patterns change seasonally, we explore angler behaviour across the entire continental United States in terms of fishing frequency and distance travelled between sites and characterise the attributes of fished ecosystems. We found that iBobber users (anglers) undertook 66,918 trips to 20,049 different water-bodies over a two-year period. Anglers who use iBobber were more likely to visit larger, deeper and more urbanised water-bodies and these water-bodies were over five times more likely to be a reservoir compared to a lake. Inter-water-body travel road distances averaged 93 km (SD = 277 km; range < 1–300 km) and nearly half of these movements occurred over a timespan of two days or less, a timeframe that we show falls well within the desiccation tolerance window of many prevalent plant and animal invasive species. Our study offers novel insight into spatiotemporal patterns of angler behaviour well beyond the geographical and temporal extent of conventional ground-collected approaches and carries important implications for predicting and preventing future transmission of aquatic invasive species via recreational fishing.
Clinical efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage IB (< 4 cm) non-small cell lung cancer patients with high-risk factors
Authors: Choi Juwhan , Oh Jee Youn , Lee Young Seok , Min Kyung Hoon , Shim Jae Jeong , Choi Sue In , Park Dong Won , Park Chan Kwon , Kang Eun Joo , Yong Hwan Seok , Shin Bong Kyung , Kim Hyun Koo , Lee Sung Yong
Published: September 2020

Background/Aims: Adjuvant chemotherapy is the standard of care for resected stage II-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NCSLC). The efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage IB (< 4 cm) NSCLC with high-risk factors is controversial.Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included 285 stage IB NSCLC patients with high-risk factors according to the 8th edition tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) classification from four academic hospitals. High-risk factors included visceral pleural invasion, vascular invasion, lymphatic invasion, lung neuroendocrine tumors, and micropapillary histology patterns.Results: Of the 285 patients, 127 (44.6%) were included in the adjuvant chemotherapy group and 158 (55.4%) were included in the non-adjuvant chemotherapy group. The median follow-up was 41.5 months. Patients in the adjuvant chemotherapy group had a significantly reduced recurrence rate and risk of mortality than those in the non-adjuvant chemotherapy group (hazards ratio, 0.408; 95% confidence interval, 0.221 to 0.754; p = 0.004 and hazards ratio, 0.176; 95% confidence interval, 0.057 to 0.546; p = 0.003, respectively). Adjuvant chemotherapy should be particularly considered for the high-risk factors such as visceral pleural involvement or vascular invasion. Based on the subgroup analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered when visceral pleural involvement is present, even if the tumor size is < 3 cm.Conclusions: Adjuvant chemotherapy may be useful for patients with stage IB NSCLC with high-risk factors and is more relevant for patients with visceral pleural involvement or vascular invasion.
Anti-fibrotic effects of branched-chain amino acids on hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Lee Hae Lim , Lee Jungmin , Cha Jung Hoon , Cho Sungwoo , Sung Pil Soo , Hur Wonhee , Yoon Seung Kew , Bae Si Hyun
Published: September 2020

Background/Aims: Patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) have low levels of branchedchain amino acids (BCAAs). There is accumulating evidence that BCAAs have anti- fibrotic effects in cirrhosis. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of BCAAs on the function and phenotype of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).Methods: LX-2, an immortalized human stellate cell line, was used in in vitro experiments. LX-2 cells were exposed to transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and BCAAs or to valine, leucine, and isoleucine, which are components of BCAAs. Activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway in LX-2 cells was observed using real- time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.Results: The increased expression of snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAI1) was observed in LX-2 cells activated by TGF-β1. After BCAA treatment, its expression was significantly decreased at the mRNA level. The increased expression of Col1α1 and TIMP2 at the mRNA level and alpha smooth muscle actin at the protein level in activated LX-2 cells decreased after BCAA treatment. Among the BCAA components, leucine and valine significantly abrogated TGF-β-induced activation of LX-2 cells. BCAA treatment led to the decreased phosphorylation of Smad2 and p38 proteins, which are markers for Smad and Smad-independent p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, respectively.Conclusions: BCAA treatment can improve hepatic fibrosis by directly affecting the activated state of hepatic stellate cells through inhibition of the TGF-β signaling pathway. Among BCAA components, leucine and valine mainly abrogated TGF-β-induced activation of HSCs. Our results suggest that BCAA may be used to attenuate the progression of liver fibrosis.
Effect of the administration of Lactobacillus spp. strains on neonatal diarrhoea, immune parameters and pathogen abundance in pre-weaned calves
Authors: Fernández S. , Fraga M. , Castells M. , Colina R. , Zunino P.
Published: September 2020

Neonatal calf diarrhoea is one of the challenges faced by intensive farming, and probiotics are considered a promising approach to improve calves’ health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of potential probiotic lactobacilli on new-born dairy calves’ growth, diarrhoea incidence, faecal score, cytokine expression in blood cells, immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in plasma and faeces, and pathogen abundance in faeces. Two in vivo assays were conducted at the same farm in two annual calving seasons. Treated calves received one daily dose of the selected lactobacilli (Lactobacillus reuteri TP1.3B or Lactobacillus johnsonii TP1.6) for 10 consecutive days. A faecal score was recorded daily, average daily gain (ADG) was calculated, and blood and faeces samples were collected. Pathogen abundance was analysed by absolute qPCR in faeces using primers directed at Salmonella enterica, rotavirus, coronavirus, Cryptosporidium parvum and three Escherichia coli virulence genes (eae, clpG and Stx1). The faecal score was positively affected by the administration of both lactobacilli strains, and diarrhoea incidence was significantly lower in treated calves. No differences were found regarding ADG, cytokine expression, IgA levels and pathogen abundance. Our findings showed that oral administration of these strains could improve gastrointestinal health, but results could vary depending on the calving season, which may be related to pathogen seasonality and other environmental effects.
Diversity of lichens in the paramos of El Batallón and La Negra, General Juan Pablo Peñaloza National Park
Authors: Marcano Vicente , Castillo Laura
Published: September 2020

Increasing temperatures and changing land-use in the Venezuelan Andes result in an accelerated decline of sensitive lichen populations. Monitoring of these populations by biological plot inventories in particularly vulnerable sites is urgently needed. In order to know the diversity and distribution of lichen species occurring in the paramos El Batallón and La Negra, General Juan Pablo Peñaloza National Park, in the Venezuelan Andes, we carried out various collections along an altitudinal gradient including montane forest (2100–3000 m) and paramo vegetation (3200–3650 m). The results showed a total of 104 species and 40 genera, 44 species from the montane forest, 82 species from the paramo, six new records for Venezuela, and 31 new records for the southwest of the Venezuelan Andes (Táchira State). A checklist with taxonomic, morphological and ecological data is provided for the most relevant species. Bunodophoron portachuelense V. Marcano & L. Castillo (Sphaeorophoraceae) is described from the paramo. Increasing forestry exploitation, livestock and cultivation during decades from the montane forest would explain the highest diversity found in the paramo.
Viticultura en terrazas del Valle de Cembra en Italia: hacia la inclusión de la gestión sostenible del paisaje en las acciones de desarrollo orientadas a la calidad
Authors: Zanotelli Damiano , Vettori Martino , Paolazzi Marianna , Cosner Alberto , Fischer Christian
Published: September 2020

Las terrazas representan la solución más extendida para el cultivo en pendientes escarpadas. El número elevado de servicios ecosistémicos positivos producidos por paisajes con terrazas cuando están bien mantenidos se ve amenazado por el abandono continuo de la tierra y la transformación agrícola que no tiene en cuenta el paisaje. En este artículo, hemos analizado el estado actual de la zona de terrazas de Val di Cembra (Trentino-Italia). Nuestro objetivo fue analizar las causas detrás de la alta tasa de mantenimiento activo de la viticultura en terrazas, examinar los principales riesgos relacionados con la introducción de la gestión intensiva de la tierra y proponer posibles soluciones para garantizar un desarrollo sostenible a largo plazo de la zona. Hemos identificado los principales factores que determinan la elevada tasa de mantenimiento activo del paisaje en terrazas: el desarrollo de la viticultura orientado a la calidad del vino, la realización de infraestructuras importantes para garantizar la movilidad y el riego, y el fuerte sentido de pertenencia todavía presente también entre las generaciones jóvenes. Además del riesgo de obsolescencia que afecta a las zonas de terrazas más marginales del Valle, otros riesgos están asociados con la posible difusión de la transformación del territorio indiferente al paisaje y a la adopción de sistemas de cultivo que no son tradicionales, que pueden afectar negativamente el valor del paisaje.

Las perspectivas futuras deben ampliar el proceso orientado a la calidad en la producción de vino en todo el territorio. La inclusión del paisaje en la planificación del manejo de la tierra garantizará una sostenibilidad duradera de la viticultura, respondiendo a la creciente demanda de servicios medioambientales por parte de la comunidad y de los consumidores. Proyectos en curso en el Valle, en los que participan tanto actores privados como autoridades locales, están indicando la intención de la comunidad de avanzar en esta dirección.
Los paisajes de viñedos. Historia y tendencias de la viticultura en casos de estudio de Eslovaquia
Authors: Slámová Martina , Belčáková Ingrid
Published: September 2020

En Eslovaquia, el cultivo del viñedo se remonta a la época romana. Los entornos naturales limitan la distribución de los viñedos en zonas con orientación sur, principalmente en las tierras bajas y las estribaciones de los Cárpatos. Basándonos en un análisis DAFO, seleccionamos tres zonas de estudio en los que se evaluó la urbanización, restauración y abandono de viñedos en terrazas. Estas transformaciones suelen cambiar el carácter de los paisajes vitivinícolas en toda Europa. Los datos cuantitativos sobre viñedos a nivel nacional se adoptaron de la base de datos estadística nacional DATACube (1996-2018). Se accedió a los datos geográficos y a las estadísticas geográficas desde los servicios de mapas web del Consorcio Geoespacial nacional utilizando el Sistema de Información Geográfica QGIS. Se calcularon las estadísticas básicas para las diferentes áreas utilizando la información de los viñedos históricos (1952-1957), los viñedos actuales identificados en la base de datos de ZBGIS (2019) y las parcelas de viñedos registradas en el Catastro Real del Estado (2019). Los resultados demuestran que, en general, el área de viñedo disminuyó a nivel nacional. En una de las zonas de estudio se observó una disminución de los viñedos debido a los procesos de urbanización y de abandono de campos de cultivo, pero el viñedo permaneció en parcelas de pequeño tamaño, que aparecen como parcelas características de un paisaje vitícola tradicional con un gran potencial para el desarrollo de agroturismo. En las otras dos zonas de estudio, el área de viñedos aumentó: pequeñas parcelas vitivinícolas se fusionaron en parcelas medianas y se construyeron nuevas terrazas más modernas. Sin embargo, después de la concentración parcelaria, estas terrazas no aparecen registradas en el Catastro Real del Estado. No obstante, estos viñedos en terrazas bien mantenidos, ayudan a conservar el suelo y evitan los procesos de erosión.
La fabrique d’un révolutionnaire, Otto Wilhelm Kuusinen (1881-1918)
Authors: Carrez Maurice
Published: September 2020

Otto Wilhelm Kuusinen est surtout connu pour avoir été pendant quinze ans l’un des secrétaires du Komintern, puis plus tard l’un des conseillers de Nikita Krouchtchev. En Finlande même, il incarne pour beaucoup la figure par excellence d’un communisme apatride, lié à « l’ennemi héréditaire ». Il fut pourtant de 1905 à 1918 un dirigeant social démocrate finlandais de premier plan, qui plus est patriote ardent et rédacteur de maints textes réclamant ou préparant l’indépendance du pays en 1917.

Le présent ouvrage s’intéresse spécifiquement à cette partie-là de la vie de Kuusinen, non seulement parce qu’elle est souvent occultée, voire négligée par les historiens, mais aussi parce qu’elle pose le problème des continuités et des ruptures dans la vie d’un dirigeant du mouvement ouvrier dont la carrière a embrassé plusieurs époques distinctes.

Le but de ce livre n’est toutefois pas d’être simplement une biographie, au sens classique du terme. Il s’agit aussi dans ces pages de comprendre pourquoi un jeune homme, que rien ne prédisposait a priori à devenir un révolutionnaire, s’est découvert et forgé une âme de socialiste, pourquoi il a en outre abandonné ses rêves d’ascension sociale pour embrasser une carrière aléatoire au sein d’un mouvement ouvrier qui lui était à l’origine étranger. Les raisons en fait apparaissent complexes, mêlant des facteurs structurels et conjoncturels, familiaux et sociétaux, individuels et organisationnels. Au total, il apparaît que l’engagement politique, au sens que lui a donné le xxe siècle, ne peut se réduire aux choix d’une personne ; il a également une dimension collective qui l’enracine profondément dans la société qu’il prétend transformer.

C’est pourquoi le lecteur pourra découvrir, tout autant que l’individu Kuusinen, la Finlande des années 1881-1918, les mutations socio-économiques qui l’affectent, les débats intellectuels et politiques qui s’y déploient, les espérances et les colères qui animent les contemporains, la dureté enfin des conflits qui minent le Grand-Duché. Ainsi, il ne se sentira pas enfermé dans le cadre étroit d’une monographie ; il pourra respirer plus librement l’air du grand large, celui d’une zone baltique agitée de soubres-sauts multiples annonçant un avenir différent de celui que pouvaient alors imaginer ses habitants.
Un « village » d’al-Andalus aux alentours de l’an Mil
Authors: Sénac Philippe
Published: September 2020

Ce livre constitue le bilan des recherches archéologiques menées sur plusieurs sites islamiques de la vallée du Flumén, entre Huesca et Saragosse, dans l’ancienne Marche Supérieure d’al-Andalus. Parmi ceux-ci, une attention particulière a été accordée à un établissement connu sous le nom de Las Sillas, à Marcén. La fouille de ce site a révélé la présence d’un important établissement des xe-xie siècles associé à une petite mosquée, ainsi qu’un abondant mobilier qui permet d’entrevoir les activités et l’existence quotidienne des populations rurales à l’égard desquelles les sources arabes se montrent généralement silencieuses. Fondé à l’époque du califat omeyyade (929-1031) et abandonné peu avant la reconquista de la région à l’aube du xiie siècle, ce « village » et les autres établissements étudies traduisent bien la profonde islamisation des campagnes de la vallée de l’Ebre et l’influence des grands lignages urbains en milieu rural.