bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Protein Data Bank and Its Uses in Structural Biology Education
Authors: Voet Judith , Dutta Shuchismita
Published: February 2015

The Protein Data Bank (PDB) is a repository for the structures of proteins and nucleic acids. Itcontains les of their 3-dimensional coordinates, information on how these structures were determinedand references to the journal articles describing them. The PDB was established in 1971 by HelenBerman (it s present director) and has grown exponentially so that it now contains 25,000 data lesrepresenting X-ray crystallographic, NMR and other structure determinations. Database queryingand data miningtools and resources at the PDB make it possible to search, compare and infer orpredict the function of newly identied proteins. Computer graphics capabilities make it possible foranyone to easily visualize and study the structural data. The capability to present beautiful graphicrepresentations of the 3-dimesnional structures of proteins and nucleic acids has been a boon to theeducation community. Communicating an understanding of these structures and the chemical forcesdetermining them and their interactions is one of the major aims of biochemistry and molecular biologyeducation. The ability to teach these principles visually has made a great dierence in our abilityto excite our students and provide them with physical interpretations for some abstract concepts inbiochemistry and molecular biology. In this talk we will explore some of the ways that the education community uses the PDB.
Species traits outweigh nested structure in driving the effects of realistic biodiversity loss on productivity
Authors: Wolf Amelia A. , Zavaleta Erika S.
Published: February 2015

While most studies of the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning have examined randomized diversity losses, several recent experiments have employed nested, realistic designs and found that realistic species losses had larger consequences than random losses for ecosystem functioning. Progressive, realistic, biodiversity losses are generally strongly nested, but this nestedness is a potentially confounding effect. Here, we address whether nonrandom trait loss or degree of nestedness drives the relationship between diversity and productivity in a realistic biodiversity‐loss experiment. We isolated the effect of nestedness through post hoc analyses of data from an experimental biodiversity manipulation in a California serpentine grassland. We found that the order in which plant traits are lost as diversity declines influences the diversity–productivity relationship more than the degree of nestedness does. Understanding the relationship between the expected order of species loss and functional traits is becoming increasingly important in the face of ongoing biodiversity loss worldwide. Our findings illustrate the importance of species composition and the order of species loss, rather than nestedness per se, for understanding the mechanisms underlying the effects of realistic species losses on ecosystem functioning.
Floral visitation by the Argentine ant reduces bee visitation and plant seed set
Authors: Hanna Cause , Naughton Ida , Boser Christina , Alarcón Ruben , Hung Keng-Lou James , Holway David
Published: February 2015

Ants often visit flowers, but have only seldom been documented to provide effective pollination services. Floral visitation by ants can also compromise plant reproduction in situations where ants interfere with more effective pollinators. Introduced ants may be especially likely to reduce plant reproductive success through floral visitation, but existing experimental studies have found little support for this hypothesis. Here, we combine experimental and observational approaches to examine the importance of floral visitation by the nonnative Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) on plant species native to Santa Cruz Island, California, USA. First, we determine how L. humile affects floral visitor diversity, bee visitation rates, and levels of pollen limitation for the common, focal plant species island morning glory (Calystegia macrostegia ssp. macrostegia). Second, we assess the broader ecological consequences of floral visitation by L. humile by comparing floral visitation networks between invaded and uninvaded sites. The Argentine ant and native ants both visited island morning glory flowers, but L. humile was much more likely to behave aggressively towards other floral visitors and to be the sole floral occupant. The presence of L. humile in morning glory flowers reduced floral visitor diversity, decreased rates of bee visitation, and increased levels of pollen limitation. Network comparisons between invaded and uninvaded sites revealed differences in both network structure and species‐level attributes. In invaded sites, floral visitors were observed on fewer plant species, ants had a higher per‐plant interaction strength relative to that of other visitors, and interaction strengths between bees and plants were weaker. These results illustrate that introduced ants can negatively affect plant reproduction and potentially disrupt pollination services at an ecosystem scale.
Illusion of Inclusion: The Failure of the Gender Paradigm to Account for Intimate Partner Violence in LGBT Relationships
Authors: Cannon Claire
Published: February 2015

This article examines the intimate partner violence (IPV) literature, particularly scholarship of the gender paradigm, for a heteronormative bias—normative expectations, constraints, and demands of heterosexuality. Beginning with a critique of the gender paradigm’s framing of IPV as an extension of patriarchy that assumes a male perpetuator and female victim, this article moves to examine research on female perpetrators to gain insight on alternative arrangements of perpetrators and victims. Next, this article analyzes heteronormative biases implicit in policy implications and intervention services of the dominant gender paradigm theoretical framework. Finally, we discuss treatment options for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender perpetrators, with suggestions for future services.
An Integrated Petrophysics and Geomechanics Approach for Fracability Evaluation in Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Jin Xiaochun , Shah Subhash N. , Roegiers Jean-Claude , Zhang Bo
Published: February 2015

The identification of the fracture barrier is important for optimizing horizontal-well drilling, hydraulic fracturing, and protecting fresh aquifer from contamination. The word “brittleness” has been a prevalent descriptor in unconventional-shale-reservoir characterization, but there is no universal agreement regarding its definition. Here, a new definition of mineralogical brittleness is proposed and verified with two independent methods of defining brittleness. Formation with higher brittleness is considered as a good fracturing candidate. However, this viewpoint is not reasonable because brittleness does not indicate rock strength. For instance, the fracture barrier between upper and lower Barnett can be dolomitic limestone with higher brittleness. A new fracability index (FI) is introduced to overcome the shortcoming of brittleness by integrating both brittleness and energy dissipation during hydraulic fracturing. This FI considers that a good fracturing candidate is not only of high brittleness, but also requires less energy to create a new fracture surface. Therefore, the formation with lower FI is considered as a bad fracturing candidate, whereas that with higher fracability is considered as a better target. Logging data from one well in the Barnett shale are applied (1) to verify the principle of the new brittleness definition and FI model and (2) to demonstrate the process of screening hydraulic-fracturing candidates with the FI model.
Applicability of a Moral Attitudes Toward Aggression Questionnaire (CAMA) in different German age Cohorts Compared with Other Cultures by a Structural Equivalence Analysis
Authors: Martin Ramirez J.
Published: February 2015

The Questionnaire on Moral Attitudes toward Aggression (CAMA) focuses on moral attitudes toward aggression by asking respondents to rate combinations of different aggressive actions and situations in which these actions might be shown according to their respective justifiableness. Since its first applications by Lagerspetz and Westman in 1980 [1], it has been used in numerous cross-cultural studies across four continents for more than thirty years. The purpose of the studies here presented was to evaluate its applicability in a new cultural context, assessing if CAMA’s data obtained in two different age cohorts from the German cultural context measured the same theoretical construct previously investigated across the other cultures (structural equivalence).

In the present studies 117 German university students (age range 19-38) and 141 German senior citizens (age range 60-94) were asked to complete a German translation of the CAMA. The structural equivalence was assessed by evaluating the fit of German data on previous factor structures via confirmatory factor analysis. A multi-group approach was being used to ascertain CAMA’s applicability across different age groups. The structural fit was accessed by referring to factor structures that were derived from previous studies in the USA, Spain, Japan, and Hong Kong. These factor structures include separate three-factor models for types of aggressive actions and different two-factor models for situations in which these actions might be shown.

The results from both age groups of German population indicate the structural equivalence for the two factor models regarding defensive vs. non-defensive situations that justify aggressive actions. The equivalence for previous three-factor models regarding types of aggressive actions could not be shown in the German samples. Hence, adaptations concerning the assessment and theoretical models of the justification of aggressive actions in the German cultural context are being discussed.
Cluster and principle component analyses of maize accessions under normal and water stress conditions
Authors: Mustafa Hafiz , Farooq Jehanzeb , Ejaz-Ul-Hasan E , Bibi Tahira , Mahmood Tariq
Published: February 2015

In the current set of an experiment, forty maize genotypes were assessed for
drought associated traits. For evaluation of these traits, PC and correlation
analyses were employed to obtain suitable parents that can be further
exploited in future breeding programmes. Correlation analysis revealed some
important associations among the traits studied. Fresh root length had
positive and significant associations, but leaf temperature had a significant
negative correlation with root density at both 40% and 100% moisture levels
while root density had negative association at 100% and positive correlation
at 40% moisture level with chlorophyll content. The positive correlation
among these yield contributing traits suggested that these characters are
important for direct selection of drought tolerant high yielding genotypes.
Principal component (PC) analysis showed first 4 PCs having Eigen value >1
explaining 86.7% and 88.4% of the total variation at 40% and 100% moisture
levels respectively with different drought related traits. Cluster analysis
classified 40 accessions into four divergent groups. The members of clusters
1 and 2 may be combined in future breeding programmes to obtain
genotypes/hybrids that can perform well under drought stress conditions.
Members of cluster 3 may be selected on the basis of root density, leaf
temperature, dry root weight and root shoot ratio by weight and can be
combined with members of cluster 4 due to higher leaf temperature and root
shoot ratio by length. The results showed that the germplasm having a wide
genetic diversity can be thus utilized for future breeding programme to
obtain drought tolerant maize genotypes/ hybrids for adaptation to water
scarce areas.

 This article has been retracted. Link to the retraction 10.2298/JAS1603303E
Highly linear dual parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator incorporating MMI couplers
Authors: Mao B. , Yue P. , Hou F. , Liu Z.
Published: February 2015

The strict requirements on splitting ratios of optical power and radio-frequency (RF) voltage affect the performance of the Dual Parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DPMZM). In this paper, a modified DPMZM with three Multimode Interference (MMI) couplers (MMI-DPMZM) is proposed. The three MMI couplers, comprised of a reconfigurable one and two 3 dB ones, function as optical splitters. The theoretical analysis shows that the structure can prohibit the third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) from the third order term and fifth order term of the transfer function’s Taylor series, leading to the peak Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) as high as 104.12 dB. The adjustment of the tunable MMI coupler ensures the SFDR is kept above 104.00 dB even the radio frequency (RF) signal’s voltage splitting ratio deviates from its optimum value. It is also demonstrated that the SFDR can reach 104.10 dB with the precision and uniformity of MMI couplers considered.
Knowledge Of Child Abuse Among Parents Of Under 5 Years Children In Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Gurung Lekha Bahadur , Bahattarai Suraj
Published: February 2015

Child abuse and neglect is a significant global problem with a serious impact on the victims’ physical and mental health, well-being and development throughout their lives. Out of the many parental causes of child abuse, the important reason is lack of knowledge regarding it among them. We explored the knowledge of child abuse among the parent of under 5 children in urban setting of Kathmandu district of Nepal. This is descriptive cross sectional study which involved the parents of children under 5 years of age residing in Kalanki area of Kathmandu in order to identify their existing knowledge on child abuse and to explore the relationships between their knowledge scores and some selected variables by interviewing using a semi-structured questionnaire. Out of the total 95 participants, 50.53% had good knowledge and 48.4% had average knowledge on overall child abuse. None of the parents had poor knowledge in terms of child physical abuse, child neglect and child emotional abuse. However, 20% and 10.5% of the parents had poor knowledge on child sexual abuse and general child abuse respectively. The level of knowledge and the variables viz. age group and exposure to different source of information were significantly associated while no significant association was found with their educational status. The parents do have a satisfactory level of knowledge regarding child abuse. However, a significant proportion of parents still had poor knowledge in context of general child abuse and child sexual abuse. A nationwide study of such kind using qualitative tools as well as conducting awareness raising activities especially focusing on the general abuse and abuse of sexual nature is recommended.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v1i4.11995Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health SciencesVol. 1, Issue 4, 2015Page : 9-13
Comparison between Standing and Supine Lateral Radiographs in Low Grade Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Dhakal Gaurav Raj , Biswas A , Rathinavelu S , Patel D Kumar K , Basu S
Published: February 2015

To analyze the differences between standing and supine plain film lateral radiographs of the lumbosacral region in low grade (grade I/II) spondylolisthesis using the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) software. Demonstrable difference might be a parameter of instability which might be useful in planning surgical treatment when it is too painful for patients to undergo flexion/extension Xrays.Radiographs of 23 patients with low grade spondylolisthesis were analyzed for percentage slip, lumbar lordosis, disc height, sacral inclination and slip angle. These standing and supine lateral radiographs were taken at the same distance with the same magnification. Measurements obtained were statistically analyzed with the SPSS software using the student t test for statistical significance (p<0.05).A significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between the standing percentage slip (mean 36.85% ± 12.78%) and supine percentage slip (mean 27.39% ± 11.14%) (p = 0.01). Similarly, standing lumbar lordosis (mean 37.74% ± 10.96%) and supine lumbar lordosis (mean 30.96% ± 12.76%) revealed a marginally higher p value (p =0.06). However, differences in the disc space height (p=0.09), sacral inclination (p=1) and slip angle (p=0.55) did not show any statistical significance. The standing radiographs effectively demonstrate the increase in slip percentage. This can have a significant impact on the grading of slip which can influence the treatment strategy. Also the increase of slip values on standing Xrays adds a parameter of instability which might be considered in the management strategy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v1i4.11996Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health SciencesVol. 1, Issue 4, 2015Page: 14-18
Status of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Registered in National Kidney Center, Banasthali, Kathmandu
Authors: Mishra D , Koirala P
Published: February 2015

Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health problem. In Nepal, Chronic kidney disease patients are increasing and the management of this disease is very expensive compared to other chronic diseases? We assessed the socioeconomic status of chronic kidney disease patients registered in National Kidney Centre, Banasthali, Kathmandu. The study used descriptive cross sectional design. Ninety six samples were collected between 15- 31 October, 2012.The mean age of the patients was 47 years, with almost half of the patients (46%) from 41-60 years age group. Among the patients, 65 % were male, 85% were married, 80% were literate, 57% were past smoker and 75% were drinker and 59% were from Kathmandu valley. Likewise, most of them were Newar, work as housewife as the main occupation. One third (37%) had to sell their property for the treatment. On an average patient spent Rs.240000 per year in dialysis. Similarly, medication cost was Rs.180000 and transplantation cost was Rs.500000 to 1000000. Preventive measures of the disease and subsidy in the treatment will be beneficial for the needy people. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v1i4.11997Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences Vol. 1, Issue 4, 2015Page : 19-23
Diabetes mellitus and Urinary Tract Infection: Spectrum of Uropathogens and their Antibiotic Sensitivity
Authors: Acharya Dhruba , Bogati B , Shrestha GT , Gyawali P
Published: February 2015

The incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is common in both diabetic and non diabetic patients. Since the microorganisms causing UTI vary in their susceptibility to antimicrobials from place to place and time to time, hence constant screening of trends and susceptibility pattern of predominant   organisms against antimicrobials is essential. The study aims to determine the spectrum of  ropathogens and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in both diabetic and non diabetic patients with clinically suspected UTI .A prospective cross sectional study was conducted during period of February 2013 to July 2013 among 90 diabetic and 90 non diabetic patients attending Dhulikhel Hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital,  Dhulikhel, Kavre (DH-KUH). All samples and isolates were investigated by standard laboratory rocedures. A total of 55 (30.5%) samples showed significant growth. No significant difference among culture positivity rate was noted between diabetic and non diabetic patients (34.5% Vs 26.7%). Escherichia coli was the most frequent organism (64.5% in diabetic and 66.7% non diabetic) followed by Klebsiella sps (22.6% in diabetic and 12.5% in non diabetic). Gentamycin and nitrofurantoin were highly sensitive to E. coli isolated in diabetic patients among the tested antimicrobials followed by  otrimoxazole, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Least sensitivity rate was observed with ampicillin and cephalexin. However, no difference was noted on the sensitivity pattern of the antimicrobials among E. coli isolated between diabetic and non diabetic patients. In this study high proportion of gram negative bacilli with predominant uropathogen being E. coli was noted. Irrespective of the status of diabetes, Staphylococcus sps and Pseudomonas sps were not isolated from UTI patients in our study. The isolation of organisms and their resistance pattern was almost similar between diabetic and non diabetic patients.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v1i4.11998Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health SciencesVol. 1, Issue 4, 2015Page : 24-28
Phytochemical Screening, Pharmacognostic Evaluation and Biological Activity of Amaranthus spinosus L
Authors: Khanal Dharma Prasad , Raut B , Dangol K S
Published: February 2015

Herbal medicines possess a great demand in both developed and developing countries as a source of primary health care owing to their attributes having wide biological and medicinal activities, high safety margins and lesser costs. People living in rural areas of Nepal depend largely in the herbal medicines for the treatment. The present study concerns with the study of pharmacognostic characteristics, phytochemical constituents and the biological activity of Amaranthus spinosus L. The hexane, chloroform, ethanolic and aqueous extract of its aerial parts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis and detected saponin, carbohydrate, tannin, protein, glycoside, flavonoid and phenol as phytoconstituents. The transverse section of the stem and leaves showed characteristic vascular bundle tissues. All the extracts were used for testing the antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp lethality. No extract showed the antimicrobial activity and ethanolic extract showed LC50 value of 31.62 ppm. Hexane, chloroform and water extracts were less toxic with LC50 values 236.88 ppm,194.98 ppm and 320.71 ppm respectively.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v1i4.11999Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences Vol. 1, Issue 4, 2015Page: 29-34
Why Are So Many Nepali Women Killing Themselves? A Review Of Key Issues
Authors: Simkhada P , Van Teijlingen E , Winter R C , Fanning C , Dhungel A , Marahatta S B
Published: February 2015

For decades the maternal mortality in Nepal was the lead cause of death among women, with serious improvements in the maternal mortality ratio in the twentieth century the second most common cause has become more prominent. Suicide is now one of the leading causes of death for women of a reproductive age in Nepal. This scoping review brings together the key available literature to identify the causes of suicide among women in Nepal. Published and unpublished studies and the grey literature published on women and suicide related to Nepal between 2000 and 2014 were searched and included in this review. This review suggested a number of explanations for high rate of suicide among women including: partner violence, alcoholism and polygamy, the culture of silence, early age marriage and prolonged child bearing and dependency on men for financial security. This paper highlights some challenges and suggests ways forward in the improvement of mental health in Nepal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v1i4.12001Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences Vol. 1, Issue 4, 2015Page: 43-49
Entropy Production of Main-Sequence Stars
Authors: Martyushev Leonid , Zubarev Sergey
Published: February 2015

The entropy production (inside the volume bounded by a photosphere) of main-sequence stars is calculated based on B–V photometry data. The entropy-production distribution function and the dependences of entropy production on temperature and luminosity are obtained for these stars for the first time. A very small range of variation of specific (per volume) entropy production discovered for main-sequence stars (only 0.5 to 1.8 solar magnitudes) is an interesting result that can be crucial for understanding thermodynamic processes of stars.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Bromophenol Derivatives Incorporating Indolin-2-One Moiety as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Wang Li-Jun , Wang Shuai-Yu , Jiang Bo , Wu Ning , Li Xiang-Qian , Wang Bao-Cheng , Luo Jiao , Yang Meng , Jin Shui-Hua , Shi Da-Yong
Published: February 2015

A series of bromophenol derivatives containing indolin-2-one moiety were designed and evaluated that for their anticancer activities against A549, Bel7402, HepG2, HeLa and HCT116 cancer cell lines using MTT assay in vitro. Among them, seven compounds (4g–4i, 5h, 6d, 7a, 7b) showed potent activity against the tested five human cancer cell lines. Wound-healing assay demonstrated that compound 4g can be used as a potent compound for inactivating invasion and metastasis by inhibiting the migration of cancer cells. The structure–activity relationships (SARs) of bromophenol derivatives had been discussed, which were useful for exploring and developing bromophenol derivatives as novel anticancer drugs.
Production and Characterization of Cosmetic Nanoemulsions Containing Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill Extract as Moisturizing Agent
Authors: Ribeiro Renato , Barreto Stella , Ostrosky Elissa , Rocha-Filho Pedro , Veríssimo Lourena , Ferrari Márcio
Published: February 2015

This study aimed to produce and characterize an oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsion containing Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill hydroglycolic extract, as well as evaluate its preliminary and accelerated thermal stability and moisturizing efficacy. The formulations containing 0.5% of xanthan gum (FX) and 0.5% of xanthan gum and 1% of Opuntia ficus-indica Mill extract (FXE) were white, homogeneous and fluid in aspect. Both formulations were stable during preliminary and accelerated stability tests. FX and FXE presented a pH compatible to skin pH (4.5–6.0); droplet size varying from 92.2 to 233.6 nm; a polydispersion index (PDI) around 0.200 and a zeta potential from −26.71 to −47.01 mV. FXE was able to increase the water content of the stratum corneum for 5 h after application on the forearm. The O/W nanoemulsions containing 1% of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill extract presented suitable stability for at least for 60 days. Besides, this formulation was able to increase the water content of stratum corneum, showing its moisturizing efficacy.
The Independent Functioning of the Orchidopexied Congenital Undescended Testis as Assessed by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography
Authors: Meij-de Vries Annebeth , Lazarenko Sergiy , Knol Remco , Meijer Robert , van der Plas Evelyn , Heij Hugo
Published: February 2015

Fertility after orchidopexied undescended testes (UDT) is impaired. Although fertility parameters are known to be more favorable in unilateral cases than in bilateral cases, the exact contribution of the unilateral orchidopexied UDT to fertility is unknown. We used testicular 18 F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG)-uptake assessed by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to investigate the function of the orchidopexied unilateral congenital UDT, compared to its normally descended counterpart. We hypothesize that the contribution of the orchidopexied unilateral congenital UDT to fertility in adulthood is low. Eleven men who underwent orchidopexy for congenital UDT at the age of 1.9 ± 1.4 (range, 4.5 months -4.0) years were seen in follow-up at the age of 24.1 ± 2.3 (20.6-28.0) years. All underwent physical examination, testicular ultrasonography and PET/CT. Testicular 18 F-FDG-uptake was expressed as the peak Standardized Uptake Value (SUV peak ). The mean SUV peak of the orchidopexied UDT was 2.74 ± 0.48 (2.13-3.47), which was significantly lower than its counterpart (P = 0.021). Besides, there was no correlation between the testicular volume and the SUV peak . The orchidopexied congenital UDT has been shown to be less metabolically active than its contralateral counterpart. Nevertheless, we suggest that the operated testes function to some degree.
Systemic Radiopharmaceutical Agents (Sm-153) may be Dangerous in Hepatacellular Carcinoma
Authors: Keskin Onur , Soydal Cigdem , Deda Xheni , Manti Bengu , Tuzun Ali
Published: February 2015

Palliation of bone metastases in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is sometimes difficult. Systemic pharmaceuticals have been successfully used for the palliation of bone metastasis for many years. Safety of these agents in HCC is not known completely. We presented a male patient with decompensated liver cirrhosis with HCC. Multifocal bone metastases developed in this patient and he had refractory bone pain. We treated this patient with Sm-153 (samarium) after obtaining patient′s consent. Two days after treatment, he experienced dyspnea and we detected a massive hemorrhagic pericardial effusion. He died due to this unexpected bleeding. We should use this radiopharmaceutical treatment cautiously in these cytopenic cirrhotic patients.
On weakly group-theoretical non-degenerate braided fusion categories
Authors: Natale Sonia
Published: February 2015

We show that the Witt class of a weakly group-theoretical non-degenerate braided fusion category belongs to the subgroup generated by classes of non-degenerate pointed braided fusion categories and Ising braided categories. This applies in particular to solvable non-degenerate braided fusion categories. We also give some sufficient conditions for a braided fusion category to be weakly group-theoretical or solvable in terms of the factorization of its Frobenius–Perron dimension and the Frobenius–Perron dimensions of its simple objects. As an application, we prove that every non-degenerate braided fusion category whose Frobenius–Perron dimension is a natural number less than 1800, or an odd natural number less than 33075, is weakly group-theoretical.
Pisni sestavek: uvodni in zaključni odstavek – po jutru se dan pozna in konec dober, vse dobro
Authors: Sokolov Cvetka
Published: February 2015

Uvodni in zaključni odstavek zaslužita posebno pozornost, saj močno vplivata na učinek celotnega pisnega sestavka. Naloga uvodnega odstavka je, da napove glavno misel sestavka, pa tudi, da pri bralcu zbudi zanimanje in ga tako prepriča, naj prebere celotno besedilo. V zaključku pisec bralca še enkrat spomni na glavno temo sestavka, hkrati pa poskrbi za zaključne misli, ki bodo bralcu ostale v spominu tudi potem, ko besedilo odloži. Članek obravnava težave, s katerimi se pri pisanju uvodnih in zaključnih odstavkov srečujejo dijaki in študentje angleščine. Razdeljene so v tri skupine: motnje v koherenci, neustrezna dolžina in neustrezen slog. Članek vsebuje tudi tipe vaj, s pomočjo katerih lahko študentje opisane težave uzavestijo in postopno odpravijo.
Angleški naklonski glagoli in polnopomenski glagoli v glagolskih besednih zvezah z naklonskimi glagoli v »splošnih prodajnih pogojih«
Authors: Gajšt Nataša
Published: February 2015

Članek predstavlja izsledke korpusne analize pojavnosti angleških naklonskih glagolov v glagolskih besednih zvezah ter polnopomenskih glagolov, ki se navezujejo na naklonske glagole v ‘splošnih prodajnih pogojih’. ‘Splošni prodajni pogoji’ so pravno zavezujoči dokumenti s področja prodaje, ki določajo obveznosti in pravice prodajalcev in kupcev pri transakciji blaga za plačilo. Z našo raziskavo smo ugotovili, da so najpogostejši naklonski glagoli v teh dokumentih glagoli shall, will, may, must in can ter, da sta glagolski besedni zvezi ‚modal+infinitive’ and ‘modal+be+past participle’ prisotni najpogosteje. Nadalje, analiza je razkrila prisotnost kar 718 različnih polnopomenskih glagolov, ki označujejo dejanja, stanja in pogoje, ki so povezani s prodajo in nakupom blaga. Izsledki naše analize so skladni z namenom in značilnostmi teh dokumentov. Raziskava je primer, kako se pomen in značilnosti pravnega besedilnega žanra s področja komerciale kažejo skozi določeno slovnično kategorijo, t.j. skozi naklonske ter polnopomenske glagole.
Il bianco e il nero nella fraseologia italiana e spagnola (Semantične vrednosti bele in črne barve v italijanski in španski frazeologiji)
Authors: Stanič Daša
Published: February 2015

Il presente articolo affronta il tema dei valori semantici del „bianco“ e del „nero“ nella fraseologia italiana e spagnola. Questi due colori sono fra tutti i colori quelli che formano sia in italiano sia in spagnolo il maggior numero di unità fraseologiche. Consultando vari dizionari di lingua italiana e spagnola, alcuni dizionari bilingui e fraseologici e, infine, corpora scelti delle due lingue sono state trovate 232 unità fraseologiche con il „bianco“ e il „nero“. Nella maggioranza dei casi si tratta di collocazioni del tipo aggettivo più nome. In questo contributo le unità fraseologiche trovate vengono classificate a seconda dei loro valori semantici. È stato scoperto che mentre i valori semantici del „bianco“ possono essere in tutte e due le lingue sia positivi (in maggioranza) sia negativi, i valori del „nero“ sono quasi tutti negativi. Sono stati evidenziati anche esempi di varianti di unità fraseologiche con i due colori ed esempi di unità fraseologiche che hanno come elemento ambedue i colori. Nella maggioranza di questi casi il „bianco“ e il „nero“ rappresentano il contrario. Sono state trovate poche unità fraseologiche con il „bianco“ e il „nero“ legate direttamente alla realtà italiana e a quella spagnola. Quelle trovate si riferiscono alla mafia, al calcio, al fascismo e al mondo taurino. Prispevek obravnava semantične vrednosti "bele" in "črne" v italijanski in španski frazeologiji. Bela in črna sta tisti barvi, ki se najpogosteje pojavljata v frazeoloških enotah obeh jezikov. Pri podrobnem pregledu več slovarjev italijanskega in španskega jezika, nekaterih dvojezičnih in frazeoloških slovarjev ter izbranih korpusov obravnavanih jezikov smo dobili 232 frazeoloških enot, ki vsebujejo "belo" in "črno". Med temi so najpogostejše kolokacije tipa pridevnik in samostalnik. V pričujočem članku so dobljene frazeološke enote razvrščene glede na semantične vrednosti "bele" in "črne". Ugotovili smo, da so semantične vrednosti "bele" v frazeoloških enotah tako pozitivne (v večini) kot negativne, semantične vrednosti "črne" pa so skoraj v vseh primerih negativne. Posebej so predstavljene tudi različice frazeoloških enot z obema barvama ter tiste frazeološke enote, v katerih se pojavljata obe barvi skupaj. V večini omenjenih primerov predstavljata "bela" in "črna" nasprotje. Izkazalo se je, da frazeoloških enot z "belo" in "črno", ki odražajo specifičnosti italijanske in španske kulture, ni veliko. Nanašajo se na mafijo, na obdobje fašizma, na nogomet in na bikoborbe.
A Comparison of Motivation and the Process of Teaching in French Language Classes for Children and for Adults
Authors: Paternost Katarina
Published: February 2015

Motivation of pupils and the question of how to motivate them seems to be the main issue of language teachers. As a French language teacher of both, children and adults, I have acquired quite some experiences in the past seven years of teaching in different language schools. These experiences are a great help in preparing my courses. However, as there is no established curricula in the language schools, which is quite a difference in comparison to public elementary and high schools, every teacher is expected to create his or her particular curriculum. This means literature, topics and matters that course will cover have to be selected by the teacher, and the teacher prepares all the handouts. If the level of satisfaction differs from the expectations of the pupils, they will most likely refuse to participate in the future. Because of that the question of motivation remains one of the main issues in terms of language teaching. The aim of the article is the comparison of the methods of raising motivation among the pupils I teach in two differentlanguage schools. The first group is mainly focused on children and the second group is focused on adults.Key words: motivation, course, grammar, reading comprehension, listening comprehension
Rumjana Koneva: Ivan Šišmanov i obedinena Evropa
Authors: Čepar Metod
Published: February 2015

Rumjana Koneva: Ivan Šišmanov i obedinena Evropa (Ivan Šišmanov in združena Evropa), Sofija 2011, IK »Gutenberg«, 234 strani, ISBN: 978-954-617-120-7, 25 €.
Reading and Writing Habits of University Language Students and Their Academic Success
Authors: Sešek Urška
Published: February 2015

Multilingual literacy is an important competence in today’s society, especially for some professional groups. In the present study, 73 university language majors reported on their reading and writing in the mother tongue and target language, within and outside of their studies (quantity, circumstances and motivation), and the data were tested for correlations with their academic success. Results show that the students’ ratio of reading and writing in Slovenian vs. English and the text types are mostly dictated by their studies, but there are big differences in the quantity of these activities and the students’ attitudes. In their free time, students mostly read and write in the electronic media. No correlations were found with the selected measure of academic success. The results of the study can be utilized for planning improvements in literacy development in the Slovenian educational system and for further research into multilingual literacy, which is currently not abundant.Key words: reading, writing, Slovenian, English, university students
Visual Media in Foreign Language Class Room
Authors: Kosevski Puljić Brigita , Retelj Andreja
Published: February 2015

In this article authors discuss the role of visual media in the context of foreign language teaching and learning in the era of modern technology. They describe the study they carried out with teachers of German language in order to see how they use the interactive whiteboard to enhance the language development through the visual media presented on this equipment. Their findings indicate that most of the teachers use interactive whiteboard as a tool to support teaching and not as a tool that supports the process of learning. The authors suggest more learner-centered and task-based approaches to teaching in order to achieve easier and meaningful learning instead of using technology only to make the lessons more attractive and up to date.Key words: visualization, visual media, interactive whiteboard, active role of learners
Early Foreign Language Learning – the Level of Personal Development and the Development of Strategies in The Second Three-Year Primary School Period
Authors: Lah Šuster Anamarija
Published: February 2015

When teaching foreign languages to children aged between 9 and 11 it is necessary to consider the stage of their mental development. The article outlines an introduction to their abilities at this age, recommendation on how to teach them, stages of knowledge they are able to acquire and a detailed presentation of strategy knowledge according to R. Oxford. The second part of the article focuses on the results of a survey on teaching methods and the level to promote different types of strategies. The results affirm some of the established approaches and stimulating strategies, but also deliver further recommendations for future work with children in the field of emotional self-regulation.Key words: declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge,age 9-11 years, learning strategies, types of exercises
Die Authentizität in Maja Haderlaps Roman Engel des Vergessens
Authors: Glišič Miša
Published: February 2015

Die Authentizität in Maja Haderlaps Roman Engel des Vergessens
„Die Fenster meiner Poesie sind weit geöffnet zur Strasse“. Ein Gespräch mit Roger Perret über seine Anthologie Moderne poesie in der Schweiz
Authors: Kondrič Horvat Vesna
Published: February 2015

„Die Fenster meiner Poesie sind weit geöffnet zur Strasse“. Ein Gespräch mit Roger Perret über seine Anthologie Moderne poesie in der Schweiz
Dragocen prispevek k poznavanju kontrastivnosti med romanskim in slovanskim jezikovnim svetom
Authors: Skubic Mitja
Published: February 2015

Jasmina Markič in Clara Nunes Correia (ur.), Descrições e contrastes. Tópicos de gramática portuguesa com exemplos contrastivos eslovenos, Oddelek za romanske jezike in književnosti. Univerza v Ljubljani, Filozofska fakulteta, Ljubljana 2013. ISBN: 9789612375737, cena: 14,85 €.
Spazio Italia 1, 2 in 3
Authors: Stanič Daša
Published: February 2015

Diaco, M.F, Tommasini, M.G. (2013) Spazio Italia 1. Torino. Loescher. ISBN 978-88-201-3348-1, mehka vezava, 235 strani, 21,60 EURDiaco, M.F, Tommasini, M.G. (2013) Spazio Italia 2. Torino. Loescher. ISBN 978-88-201-3349-8, mehka vezava, 235 strani, 21,60 EURDiaco, M.F, Tommasini, M.G. (2013) Spazio Italia 3. Torino. Loescher. ISBN 978-88-201-3350-4, mehka vezava, 235 strani, 21,60 EUR
Uvodnik
Authors: Lah Meta
Published: February 2015

Uvodnik
Emergency inventory management for disasters—A review
Authors: Ozguven, PhD Eren Erman , Ozbay, PhD Kaan
Published: February 2015

There has been a recent surge in the publication of academic literature examining various aspects of emergency inventory management for disasters. This article contains a timely literature review of these studies, beginning with an exposition of the characteristics of storage and delivery options for emergency supplies, with a particular emphasis on the differences between emergency inventories and conventional inventory management. Using a novel classification scheme and a comprehensive search of the inventory-related literature, an overview of the emergency inventory management studies is also presented. Finally, based on this extensive review, a discussion is presentedbased on the critical issues and key findings related to the emergency inventory management field, and include suggestions for future research directions.
Carbonaceous aerosols recorded in a southeastern Tibetan glacier: analysis of temporal variations and model estimates of sources and radiative forcing
Authors: Wang M. , Xu B. , Cao J. , Tie X. , Wang H. , Zhang R. , Qian Y. , Rasch P. J. , Zhao S. , Wu G. , Zhao H. , Joswiak D. R. , Li J. , Xie Y.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. High temporal resolution measurements of black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) covering the time period of 1956–2006 in an ice core over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau show a distinct seasonal dependence of BC and OC with higher respective concentrations but a lower OC / BC ratio in the non-monsoon season than during the summer monsoon. We use a global aerosol-climate model, in which BC emitted from different source regions can be explicitly tracked, to quantify BC source–receptor relationships between four Asian source regions and the southeastern Tibetan Plateau as a receptor. The model results show that South Asia has the largest contribution to the present-day (1996–2005) mean BC deposition at the ice-core drilling site during the non-monsoon season (October to May) (81%) and all year round (74%), followed by East Asia (14% to the non-monsoon mean and 21% to the annual mean). The ice-core record also indicates stable and relatively low BC and OC deposition fluxes from the late 1950s to 1980, followed by an overall increase to recent years. This trend is consistent with the BC and OC emission inventories and the fuel consumption of South Asia (as the primary contributor to annual mean BC deposition). Moreover, the increasing trend of the OC / BC ratio since the early 1990s indicates a growing contribution of coal combustion and/or biomass burning to the emissions. The estimated radiative forcing induced by BC and OC impurities in snow has increased since 1980, suggesting an increasing potential influence of carbonaceous aerosols on the Tibetan glacier melting and the availability of water resources in the surrounding regions. Our study indicates that more attention to OC is merited because of its non-negligible light absorption and the recent rapid increases evident in the ice-core record.
Drivers of spatial and temporal variability of streamflow in the Incomati River basin
Authors: Saraiva Okello A. M. L. , Masih I. , Uhlenbrook S. , Jewitt G. P. W. , van der Zaag P. , Riddell E.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. The Incomati is a semi-arid trans-boundary river basin in southern Africa, with a high variability of streamflow and competing water demands from irrigated agriculture, energy, forestry and industries. These sectors compete with environmental flows and basic human water needs, resulting in a "stressed" water resource system. The impacts of these demands, relative to the natural flow regime, appear significant. However, despite being a relatively well-gauged basin in South Africa, the natural flow regime and its spatial and temporal variability are poorly understood and remain poorly described, resulting in a limited knowledge base for water resource planning and management decisions. Thus, there is an opportunity to improve water management, if it can be underpinned by a better scientific understanding of the drivers of streamflow availability and variability in the catchment. In this study, long-term rainfall and streamflow records were analysed. Statistical analysis, using annual anomalies, was conducted on 20 rainfall stations, for the period 1950–2011. The Spearman test was used to identify trends in the records on annual and monthly timescales. The variability of rainfall across the basin was confirmed to be high, both intra- and inter-annually. The statistical analysis of rainfall data revealed no significant trend of increase or decrease. Observed flow data from 33 gauges were screened and analysed, using the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) approach. Temporal variability was high, with the coefficient of variation of annual flows in the range of 1 to 3.6. Significant declining trends in October flows, and low flow indicators, were also identified at most gauging stations of the Komati and Crocodile sub-catchments; however, no trends were evident in the other parameters, including high flows. The trends were mapped using GIS and were compared with historical and current land use. These results suggest that land use and flow regulation are larger drivers of temporal changes in streamflow than climatic forces. Indeed, over the past 40 years, the areas under commercial forestry and irrigated agriculture have increased over 4 times.
Projected changes in US erosivity
Authors: Biasutti M. , Seager R.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Downscaled rainfall projections from 21 climate models from the CMIP5 archive are used to estimate future changes in rainfall erosivity in the continental Unites States. To estimate erosivity from rainfall in the absence of sub-hourly data, we have used both daily rainfall values and the modified Fournier Index – which is based on monthly rainfall accumulation – and derived the scaling relationship between rainfall and erosivity from observational estimates of both. The expectation of overall increase in erosivity is confirmed by these calculations, but a quantitative assessment is marred by large uncertainties. Specifically, the uncertainty in the method of estimation of erosivity is more consequential than that deriving from the spread in climate simulations, and leads to changes of uncertain sign in parts of the Southwest and Texas. We suggest that progress can be made by establishing a more reliable functional relationship between daily rainfall and erosivity.