bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Ranking of Aluminum-Coconut Shell Ash Composites Using EDAS Method
Authors: Nirmala Shivram Padmavat
Published: July 2023

To overcome the difficulty in manufacturing through tools and materials, the present situation calls for the creation of engineering materials to address numerous specific difficulties. Due to attainable qualities that are notable for the components involved, "Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs)" are profitable. Research significance: AMCs are used because of their low density in comparison to aluminium alloys and their interfacial behavior. Due to their outstanding castability and significant erosion protection, AMCs have been effectively repressed in modern automotive production for the “fabrication of various segments, including cylinders, motor lids, connecting shafts, and independent casts”. Research method: The complexity in the evaluation of material assemblage is well-suited to the "multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM)" methodologies. This study ranks "aluminium-coconut shell ash (CSA) composites" using the "EDAS technique", a comparatively fresh and mathematically sophisticated "MCDM (Multi-Criteria Decision Making)" tool. Result: The result obtained by using the EDAS method shows that the rank for 1100 aluminium alloy is fifth, aluminium composite with 5% is fourth, aluminium composite with 10% is second, aluminium composite with 15% is first and aluminium composite with 20% is third.Conclusion: The article's findings indicate that among all materials taken in this research, "aluminium composite with 15% CSA" emerged as the best, followed by "aluminium composite with 10% CSA", whilst the base matrix was discovered to be the material that worked the worst in this investigation.
Role of Renewable Energy Sources in Environmental Protection using WASPASS Methodology
Authors: Nirmala Shivram Padmavat
Published: July 2023

Renewable energy is from natural sources Energy is received at a greater rate than they are con-sumed are filled. For example, resources, etc as sunlight and wind are continuously replenished. Un-til the 1990s hydropower and wood were the main renewable energy sources. Since then, U.S. ener-gy consumption has grown from “Bio fuels, geothermal energy, solar energy and wind energy. Re-newable energy” is like the sun and wind is the energy produced from the sources, which are natu-rally replenished and perennial. Renewable Electricity generation, space and water heating and cooling, and transportation can be used. Generates Greenhouse gas from fossil fuels is Energy that does not generate emissions and some types Reduce air pollution. Energy supply Diversified and imported Reducing dependence on fuel. Manufacturing, Installation and economic growth, and employment among others Creation. Renewable energy – gas, oil, or coal unlike fossil fuels renew-able energy is defined as - 2,000 years ago it started in Europe. Of course, it's the brutal format, but it is today's technological achievements that set a precedent. All this with 'Waterwheel' started, which means working backward hydroelectricity. Alternative: “Ability to retain infrared radiations compared to CO2, Pre industrial concentration, Present concentration, Share in the greenhouse ef-fect due to human activity (%)”. Evaluation Option: CO2, CH4, N2O, R-11, R-12. Result: As a result, CO2 and ranked first, whereas R-12 has the lowest ranking. Conclusion: The value of the dataset for Renewable energy in WASPAS method shows that it results in CO2 and top ranking.
A systematic investigation on the influence of the chemical treatment of natural fibres using the Fuzzy TOPSIS Method
Authors: Chandraprakash Shivram Padmavat
Published: July 2023

Chemical treatment (hazardous waste) is the conversion of hazardous waste into non-toxic gases, to change or change the chemical characteristics of waste Treatment methods are used, for example in water By decreasing solubility. OracidityNeutralization or pH adjustment (neutralization or precipitation), oxidation and reduction, hydrolysis and Photosynthesis, chemical oxidation (ozonation, (electrolytic oxidation, hydrogen peroxide) and chemical removal (alkali metaldichlorine, alkali)chemical treatment processes Various (commonly used) including metallization/ soCommonly Activated Chemical Treatment Processes: Chemical Precipitation, neutralization absorption, disinfection (chlorine, ozone, UV light) and ion exchange. from plant kingdomCommon natural fibres obtained are Cotton, Flax, Jute, Bamboo, Sisal and Jute, Natural fibres. The main component Natural fibres. The main component Popular as angora and mohair We get fibres, plant fibres include seed hairs such as cotten; Flax andstem (or bast) fibres like jute, leaf fibres like sisal; and coconut-like husks fibres. Animal fibres also include secretions such as wool, hair, and silk. Research significance: In this paper, various chemical properties of in natural fibre-reinforced composites Use natural fibres Changes have been reviewed. Alkali, Silane, Acetylation, Benzoylation, Acrylation, malate coupling agents, isocyanates, Permanganate and other chemical treatments are discussed. to the fibre surface Chemical treatment of fibre between polymer matrixAimed at improving adhesion. Water absorption of composites decreases and their mechanical Properties are improved. Method: Fuzzy TOPSIS (Order by Similarities for Ideal Solution technique for prioritization) similar options. Further It also automates the process and selection Ambiguity, uncertainty in the process Can also be used to relieve Technology in general Used to solve decision problems. This is for all alternatives in the technique problem Based on inter-comparison. Alternative: Cotton, Jute, Flax, Hemp, Ramie and Sisal. Evaluation parameters: Density, Elongation, Tensile strength and Young’s modulus. Result: Chemical Treatments of Natural Fibre in Sisal is got the first rank whereas is the Hemp is having the Lowest rank.Conclusion: Chemical Treatments of Natural Fibre in Sisal is got the first rank whereas is the Hemp is having the Lowest rank.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOSTING USING STABILIZING URBAN SEWAGE SLUDGE COMPOUNDS
Authors: OGAWA Liza , MATSUMOTO Leopoldo Sussumu , DOS SANTOS TOLEDO Roberta , CAMPOS DE ALMEIDA Jonatas , TABACOW Victor Bittencourt Dutra , DE OLIVEIRA DIAS Fernanda Maria , RODRIGUES Diego Resende , THAÍS CABRAL Monica , FREIRE Roberta Lemos , NAVARRO Italmar Teodorico
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this investigation was to verify the effectiveness of composting in the sanitization of sludge from urban sewage (SS). The treatments (T) used consisted of SS mixed with sugarcane bagasse (SB), tree pruning residues (TP), poultry litter (PL) or grass clipping (GC) at a carbon/nitrogen ratio of approximately 30/1 and ratios of T1 (SS+SB), T2 (SS+SB+TP), T3 (SS+SB+GC), T4 (SS+SB+PL) or T5 (SS+SB+TP+GC). Temperature was measured daily for over 280 days of composting. Every two weeks, the compounds were analyzed for thermotolerant coliforms and viable helminth eggs using the multiple-tube and Yanko techniques; and once each month to identify Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. (oo)cysts using the sucrose and zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation technique and nested PCR followed by sequencing. The maximum temperatures measured in the thermophilic phase of the compounds ranged from 55°C to 64.8°C, and at day 280, weight reductions of 27% (T1), 48% (T2), 63% (T3), 66% (T4) and 64% (T5) were observed. The absence of fecal coliforms was observed from day 98 (T4), day 126 (T1), day 196 (T3 and T5) and day 210 (T2). All treatments resulted in helminth egg inviability and the absence of protozoan (oo)cysts. Only T4 and T5 were positive for G. duodenalis according to the sequencing analysis. In conclusion, high temperatures during the composting thermophilic phase made the use of pathogens required by legislation unfeasible; therefore, it is important to investigate the viability of protozoa in compounds to ensure a safe final product for human and animal health.
Cultura organizacional: estrategia de ventaja competitiva en las PYMEs exportadoras
Authors: Díaz Nieto Elia , Trejo Moreno Samuel
Published: July 2023

El estudio se enfocó en pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMES), consideradas como una parte esencial del desarrollo económico para proveer insumos al sector industrial, manufacturero, comercial y servicios. El propósito fue analizar si la cultura organizacional puede convertirse en una ventaja competitiva, ya que se considera un recurso estratégico e intangible en la administración de las empresas exportadoras y no exportadoras estudiadas. La metodología aplicada fue de tipo cuantitativa para lo cual se utilizó un instrumento de investigación de 60 ítems del cuestionario de Denison Organizational Culture Survey. El muestreo probabilístico por racimos o clúster, implicó diferenciar entre las empresas de análisis de estudio y las empresas que conforman el tamaño de la muestra. Las personas encuestadas pertenecen a los diversos departamentos o áreas indistintamente del puesto o actividades que desarrollan en la empresa. Para realizar las pruebas estadísticas se utilizó el software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). El alcance de la investigación tuvo un enfoque correlacional y explicativo. Los resultados mostraron dentro del marco de referencia de la investigación, el grado de eficacia de la cultura organizacional en la empresa exportadora, en donde la dimensión de participación ocupo el primer lugar, desde un enfoque interno y flexible.
Gráfica América
Authors:   Universitat Politècnica de València, Alcaraz Mira Antonio , Del Saz Barragán Miriam ,   Universitat Politècnica de València
Published: July 2023

La exposición GráficA AméricA presenta un mensaje narrativo y como en el relato de Borges, recoge esa multiplicidad de tiempos que alteran y alternan las lecturas habituales de los espectadores, tomando como punto de partida las particularidades del propio medio en el que enfoca su investigación, la Gráfica. Repetición, simultaneidad, encuentro y expansión, estos son algunos de los formatos que articulan la trama de la muestra que documenta el legado del grabado en Las Américas a través de las obras realizadas en diferentes talleres, editoriales y colectivos independientes en los Estados Unidos, México y países de habla hispana del Caribe, América Central y América del Sur.
Conservation agriculture increases soil organic carbon stocks but not soil CO2 efflux in two 8-year-old experiments in Zimbabwe
Authors: Shumba Armwell , Chikowo Regis , Thierfelder Christian , Corbeels Marc , Six Johan , Cardinael Rémi
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Conservation agriculture (CA), combining reduced or no tillage, permanent soil cover and improved rotations, is often promoted as a climate-smart practice. However, our understanding about the impact of CA and its respective three principles on top and sub-soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and on soil CO2 efflux in low input cropping systems of sub-Saharan Africa is rather limited. The study was conducted at two long-term experimental sites established in 2013 in Zimbabwe. The soil types were abruptic Lixisols at Domboshava Training Centre (DTC) and xanthic Ferralsol at the University of Zimbabwe farm (UZF). Six treatments, replicated four times were investigated: conventional tillage (CT), conventional tillage with rotation (CTR), NT, no-tillage with mulch (NTM), no-tillage with rotation (NTR), no-tillage with mulch and rotation (NTMR). Maize (Zea mays L.) was the main crop and treatments with rotation included cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.). SOC concentration and bulk density were determined for samples taken from the 0–5, 5–10, 10–15, 15–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–50, 50–75 and 75–100 cm depths. Gas samples were regularly collected using the static chamber method during the 2019/20 and 2020/21 cropping seasons and during the 2020/21 dry season. SOC stocks were significantly (p < 0.05) higher under NTM, NTR and NTMR compared to NT and CT in top 5 and 10 cm layers at UZF, while SOC stocks were only significantly higher under NTM and NTMR compared to NT and CT in top 5 cm at DTC. NT alone had a slightly negative impact on top SOC stock. Cumulative SOC stocks were not significantly different between treatments when considering the whole 100 cm soil profile. Regardless of larger organic carbon inputs in mulch treatments, there were no significant differences in CO2 efflux between treatments, but it was higher in maize rows than in inter-rows as a result of autotrophic respiration from maize roots. Our results show the overarching role of crop residue mulching in CA cropping systems in enhancing SOC storage but that this effect is limited to the topsoil.
Representing Farmer Irrigated Crop Area Adaptation in a Large-Scale Hydrological Model
Authors: Yoon Jim , Voisin Nathalie , Klassert Christian , Thurber Travis , Xu Wenwei
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Large-scale hydrological models (LHMs) are commonly used for regional and global assessment of future water shortage outcomes under climate and socioeconomic scenarios. The irrigation of croplands, which accounts for the lion’s share of human water consumption, is critical in understanding these water shortage trajectories. Despite irrigation’s defining role, LHM frameworks typically impose trajectories of land use that underlie irrigation demand, neglecting potential dynamic feedbacks in the form of human instigation of and subsequent adaptation to water shortage via irrigated crop area changes. We extend an LHM, MOSART-WM, with adaptive farmer agents, applying the model to the Continental United States to explore water shortage outcomes that emerge from the interplay between hydrologic-driven surface water availability, reservoir management, and farmer irrigated crop area adaptation. The extended modeling framework is used to conduct hypothetical computational experiment comparing differences between a model run with and without the incorporation of adaptive farmer agents. These comparative simulations reveal that accounting for farmer adaptation via irrigated crop area changes substantially alters modeled water shortage outcomes, with U.S.-wide annual water shortage reduced by as much as 42 percent when comparing adaptive and non-adaptive versions of the model forced with U.S. climatology from 1950–2009.
La enseñanza de la escritura en el campo del Trabajo Social. Relevamiento en Internet de publicaciones
Authors: Bórtoli Pamela Virginia , Carlino Paula
Published: July 2023

Con el objetivo de identificar las principales investigaciones atinentes a la enseñanza de la escritura en Trabajo Social, y a través búsquedas booleanas, relevamos las publicaciones que aparecen referenciadas en Google Académico. Mediante términos claves, recabamos 11 publicaciones en español y 16 en inglés, y conformamos así un corpus de 27 textos, que permite dar cuenta de los avances y las tendencias de desarrollo del campo de la enseñanza de la escritura en Trabajo Social entre 2000 y 2022. A partir del relevamiento se observa que, en idioma inglés, existe un campo de investigaciones en torno a la escritura en este ámbito y un interés naciente por su enseñanza; por el contrario, las publicaciones en español son incipientes y consideran la escritura, pero no su enseñanza. Esta escasez de publicaciones en español  contrasta con el hecho de que, en el ámbito del  trabajo social, la escritura ocupa un rol central ya que está ligada a la actividad laboral, a sus intervenciones profesionales y a la participación académica.
A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS DUE TO WORK-LIFE BALANCE OF WORKING WOMEN ON THEIR JOBS IN QUETTA CITY
Authors: Ambreen Masood, Dr Sadia Barrech
Published: July 2023

This study aims to explore the psychological pressures faced by women working in gendered society like Baluchistan and the techniques they use to cope with them. Due to demanding lifestyles and rising inflation, there are now more women working in Baluchistan than ever before, which makes it challenging for them to balance work and family responsibilities. For an in-depth examination of the subject, this study used a qualitative research methodology. It used a purposive sampling technique to gather information from 10 professional women in face-to-face, semi structured interviews. The themes in this qualitative study are determined using six-phase approach. The recognition of themes, identification of significant data patterns, and the accomplishment of the research objectives are the main goals of thematic analysis. According to the results of the thematic analysis, the participants frequently used a variety of work-life balance coping mechanisms, including support networks, stress management techniques, setting priorities, and task planning. Results showed that organizations should provide facilities such as day care centers, flexible schedules. Such policies and practices can help create an environment that will enable women to effectively balance work and family obligations, thus helping the organization retain their talent
Nutrients in ‘Opal’ apples and key metabolites in delayed browning of their pulps were analyzed based on comparative omics
Authors: WANG Fang , LI Rui , DING Yuduan , TIAN Jianwen , SHI Xin , LI Xiaolong LI , HUANG Rong
Published: July 2023

The ‘Opal’ apple, a crossbreed between the ‘Topaz’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ varieties, has a unique crunchy, a tangy flavor, slow browning rate that can keep long-lasting freshness after being sliced up. With ‘Fuji’ apples as reference controls, the content of mineral elements, and their key metabolites in the pulps of two kinds of apples were analyzed to clarify nutritional properties and slow browning features in ‘Opal’ apples. In this study, the differential metabolites of the two cultivars of apple were statistically analyzed with the differential principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) using UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS, combined with non-targeted metabolomics technology, to identify the key differential metabolites in the two varieties of apple. The results showed that there was a total of 147 significantly differential metabolites in 10 categories, of which phenylpropanoids and polyketides account for the highest proportion, Through KEGG pathway analysis, the differential compounds in the two apple cultivars were annotated into 52 pathways, and they were significantly enriched in the two pathways ABC transporters and Flavonoid biosynthesis. The results can lay a theoretical basis for researches on apple quality and provide data support for the indepth development of different apple products.
Sufficient Conditions for Counterfactual Transitivity and Antecedent Strengthening
Authors: Haze Tristan Grøtvedt
Published: July 2023

This paper is about two controversial inference-patterns involving counterfactual or subjunctive conditionals. Given a plausible assumption about the truth-conditions of counterfactuals, it is shown that one can't go wrong in applying hypothetical syllogism (i.e., transitivity) so long as the set of worlds relevant for the conclusion is a subset of the sets of worlds relevant for the premises. It is also shown that one can't go wrong in applying antecedent strengthening so long as the set of worlds relevant for the conclusion is a subset of that for the premise. These results are then adapted to Lewis's theory of counterfactuals.
Conceptos neurocientíficos que sustentan la regulación emocional
Authors: Arguedas-Negrini Irma
Published: July 2023

La teoría polivagal (TPV) es una contribución innovadora a la regulación de las emociones y a la promoción del bienestar; ayuda a comprender tres tipos de respuestas ante las vivencias diarias y a distinguir los pensamientos, emociones, conductas y sensaciones corporales que caracterizan a cada uno de ellos. En este artículo se exponen conceptos de esa teoría y las formas en que estos aportan en el trabajo y la vida personal de la persona profesional en Orientación. A lo largo del trabajo se enfatiza lo relevante de las conexiones interpersonales en la gestión de emociones, el rendimiento en diferentes ámbitos, la salud y el bienestar en general. Asimismo, se profundiza la importancia de la TPV en la Orientación y, finalmente, se hace referencia a estrategias inspiradas en dicha teoría.
Kripto Varlık Dolandırıcılığı
Authors: SARIKAYA Samet
Published: July 2023

Kripto varlıklar günden güne yaygınlığını arttıran sanal varlıklardır. Dünyada -özellikle Türkiye’de- bu denli yaygın olmalarının sebebi çalışmada açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır. Bunun yanı sıra kripto varlıkların ceza hukuku boyutuna ağırlık verilecek ve malvarlığına karşı suçlar arasında yer alan dolandırıcılık suçuyla kesişimi incelenecektir. Kripto varlıkların malvarlığı olarak değerlendirilip değerlendirilmeyeceğine ilişkin görüşlerin üzerinde durulacaktır. 5237 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu’nun (TCK) 158. maddesinin (f) bendinde yer alan ve nitelikli dolandırıcılık suçuna sebebiyet veren hâlin kripto varlık dolandırıcılığı çerçevesinde değerlendirmesi yapılacaktır. Ayrıca aynı fıkranın (g) bendinde yer alan hâlin kripto varlık dolandırıcılığı kapsamındaki yaygınlığından ve uygulama alanından bahsedilecektir. Kripto varlık dolandırıcılığının işlenme yöntemleri belirtilecektir ve bu yöntemler, dolandırıcılık suçunun unsurları kapsamında incelenecektir. Son olarak Kanun’da yer alan madde metninde, adli para cezası verilmesine ilişkin hesaplama yöntemine yönelik tartışmaya yer verilecektir.
Ação do ultrassom terapêutico de 3MHz em lipodistrofia localizada e sobre o perfil lipídico
Authors: Guth Barbara Daniela Nora , Sudbrack Ana Cristina , Bianchetti Paula
Published: July 2023

Nos dias atuais é crescente o número de pessoas que apresentam preocupações constantes com o corpo e com a aparência estética, que, por vezes, acabam ocasionando ansiedade, baixa autoestima e distorção da imagem corporal. Por isso, o objetivo deste artigo é de verificar o efeito do ultrassom terapêutico de 3 MHz sobre a lipodistrofia localizada e perfil lipídico em indivíduos do sexo feminino. Esta pesquisa tem o método experimental, quantitativo, com amostra intencional, composta por uma participante do sexo feminino, com idade de 22 anos, sedentária, IMC 21,7 kg/m2, exames de níveis de colesterol, glicose e triglicerídeos normais. Na anamnese, medidas antropométricas, bioimpedância, coletas de sangue e registro fotográfico, em três momentos, totalizando 10 sessões. Resultados: nas primeiras sessões há aumento dos níveis lipídicos avaliados. Após cinco aplicações do ultrassom, há a redução dos níveis de colesterol total e triglicerídeos, e ao fim há a normalização destes. Na avaliação da bioimpedância há redução da massa gorda no final das dez aplicações. Conclusão: foi observado no estudo que não há alteração do perfil lipídico após dez sessões de ultrassom terapêutico de 3 MHz. Porém, a avaliação realizada através da bioimpedância demonstrou redução de massa gorda.
A bi-objective decision support tool based on system dynamics and discrete event modelling for sustainable supply chain
Authors: Yu Jia , Hieu Trung , Gray Simon , Encinas-Oropesa Adriana
Published: July 2023

Based on the development trend of sustainable concepts and the implement ability of composites combined with Agave Bagasse Fibre (ABF) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET). The purpose of this paper is to design a bi-objective decision support tool for supply chain of composite material which combined with ABF and PET. Through the production, processing, recycling, and reprocessing of composite materials, the sustainable supply chain model of four different schemes is designed, and the data results of each scheme model are calculated and analysed. The tool can support supply chain modelling solutions that seek best practices for sustainable supply chains and optimize resource efficiency through cost and carbon dioxide emissions. The sustainable supply chain model was designed, created, and optimized in AnyLogic software using System Dynamics and Discrete Event Simulation modelling methods based on the supply chain model established by previous researchers. According to the analysis results of the model data, the reasonable design of the whole process can effectively reduce the cost and carbon dioxide emissions and achieve the effectiveness and implementation of the sustainable supply chain. The results of this study will provide reference for more sustainable supply chain models in the future. Further research on composite materials can be carried out by combining with practice.
Rynkowe skutki harmonizacji podatku od towarw i usugna przykadzie Polski
Authors: Szymczyk Przemysław , Szymański Waldemar
Published: July 2023

W artykule dokonano analizy i oceny oddziaywania harmonizacji podatku od towarw i usug na rynek pracy orazkonkurencyjno gospodarki i przedsibiorczo, w tym na funkcjonowanie przedsibiorstw. W tym celu sformuowanotez o negatywnych rynkowych skutkach harmonizacji. Autorzy twierdz, e podatek od towarw i usugze wzgldu na swoje waciwoci w najwikszym stopniu oddziauje na konkurencj na rynku wewntrznym, couzasadnia potrzeb jego harmonizacji. Po zidentyfikowaniu i wskazaniu czynnikw determinujcych znaczenieprocesu harmonizacji w ujciu rynkowym autorzy omawiaj jego prawne aspekty. Krytycznie odnosz si do poglduutosamiajcego proces harmonizacji z unifikacj prawa podatkowego. W opracowaniu przedstawionotake zarwno formalne, jak i materialne przesanki harmonizacji. Autorzy zaoyli, e harmonizacja jest konsekwencjpostpujcej integracji gospodarczej i politycznej w Unii Europejskiej (UE) i wskazali ograniczenia prawnezwizane z przebiegiem tego procesu, np. wymg jednomylnoci, zasad koniecznoci, definicj rynku wewntrznego,kompetencje unijne zwizane z prawem Wsplnoty do uchwalania nowych przepisw. Rozwaaniadotyczce rynkowych skutkw procesu harmonizacji poprzedzono prezentacj efektw dotychczasowych prac zni zwizanych. W czci teoretycznej artykuu wyliczono krajowe akty prawne implementujce wszystkie formyaktw prawnych UE. W czci analitycznej natomiast autorzy wykorzystali powszechnie dostpne dane i daneuzyskane z Ministerstwa Finansw na wniosek o udostpnienie informacji publicznej i na tej podstawie oceniliwpyw wprowadzonych rozwiza implementujcych przepisy zwizane z harmonizacj podatku od towarw iusug na rynek pracy oraz na konkurencyjno gospodarki i przedsibiorczo, w tym na funkcjonowanie przedsibiorstww latach 2011-2022. Analiza zostaa przeprowadzona z uwzgldnieniem wpyww pieninych i niepieninych,co umoliwio identyfikacj mierzalnych i niemierzalnych skutkw poszczeglnych regulacji implementujcychprawo unijne. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy autorzy krytycznie odnosz si do tezy o negatywnychrynkowych skutkach harmonizacji.
Influence of diverse crop management practices on weed suppression, crop and water productivity and nutrient dynamics in Bt-cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) based intercropping systems in a semi-arid Indo-Gangetic plains region
Authors: RAJPOOT SUDHIR K , RANA D S , CHOUDHARY ANIL K
Published: July 2023

Transplanted cotton (Gossypium sp) harnessed significantly highest seed cotton yield (3.22 tonnes/ha), system productivity, IWUE and IWP over direct-seeded cotton besides suppressing weed population. Cotton + cowpea intercropping system also suppressed the weeds and their growth at different growth stages over cotton + okra system and sole cotton. Planting geometry of 90 × 60 cm proved significantly superior over 120 × 45 cm in terms of seed cotton yield, system productivity, IWUE and IWP. Among intercropping systems, sole cotton registered significantly highest seed cotton yield. Total N and P uptake was highest under transplanted cotton while direct seeded cotton revealed higher total K uptake. Cotton + cowpea intercropping system removed highest N and P while cotton + okra exhibited highest K uptake. Transplanted cotton and cotton + cowpea intercropping system led to actual N build up of +8 and +17 kg N/ha, respectively. Similarly, cotton + cowpea and cotton + okra intercropping systems led to actual K balance of –102.1 and –105.4 kg K/ha, respectively. Overall, transplanted Bt-cotton with planting geometry of 90 × 60 cm under cotton + cowpea intercropping system led to highest seed cotton yield, system productivity, less weed infestation and high IWUE and IWP. Transplanted Bt-cotton also led to comparatively +ve N balance and less depletion of P and K as compared to direct seeding in a semi-arid IGPR.
The Environmental Challenges of Pemex
Authors: A. Stanwick Peter , D. Stanwick Sarah
Published: July 2023

Established in 1938, Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex) is the Mexican state-owned petroleum company which is managed by the Mexican government. Pemex is the largest firm in Mexico and one of the largest firms in Latin America. It is considered to be the second most valuable brand in Latin America and is ranked tenth in oil production and twenty-second in oil reserves globally. For over 40 years, Pemex has been responsible for a number of environmental disasters which resulted in the cumulative loss of thousands of lives. In addition, Pemex continues to focus on its energy policy of increasing its oil and natural gas production instead of shifting to alternative energy sources. Due to the interweaving of the government’s national policies related to optimizing the level of fossil fuel production in the country, Pemex has become a showcase of how a firm that has failed in the commitment to support environmental sustainability
Comparative pilot study of anthropometric measurements in standing position between the grid template and the anthropometer Harpenden
Authors: Alejandro Labrador Parra , Escalona Evelin , Gollo Omaira
Published: July 2023

Introduction: anthropometric dimensions allow the world of work to adapt the means and the workplace to the workers' characteristics and improve their jobs. It is necessary to have alternatives to carry out anthropometric measurements, given the costs of measuring instruments and the limited availability of such instruments in occupational health and safety services.
Aim: to compare standing anthropometric measurements using anthropometric tables versus the Harpenden anthropometer.
Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with a population of 26 workers (11 men and 15 women). The following measurements were taken in a standing position with the anthropometric tables and the Holtein Harpenden anthropometer: height, shoulder height, height at the middle finger, and length of the upper limb, using the Student's t-hypothesis test to compare both measurements.
Results: the values of the anthropometric variables measured by both the anthropometric tables and the Harpenden anthropometer did not present significant statistical differences, both in men and women.
Conclusions: the pilot test showed that using anthropometric tables in anthropometric studies constitutes a low-cost alternative.
OPERATION OF VEHICLES PRIMARILY AS A TOOL OF OUTDOOR ADVERTISING
Authors: Бикмеев Р.Д. , Ахтямова Е.В.
Published: July 2023

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с правовым регулированием размещения рекламной информации на транспортных средствах, использования транспортных средств преимущественно в качестве средств наружной рекламы и о некоторых существующих на данный момент проблемах

The article deals with issues related to the legal regulation of the placement of advertising information on vehicles, the use of vehicles primarily as a means of outdoor advertising and some of the current problems.
SPECIFICS OF RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PARTIES UNDER THE TRANSPORT EXPEDITION AGREEMENT
Authors: Муратова А.Р. , Ахтямова Е.В.
Published: July 2023

В современной практике между сторонами договора транспортной экспедиции нередко возникают споры в результате недобросовестного исполнения своих договорных обязанностей. На основании проведенного исследования отечественного законодательства, анализа судебной практики, авторами выделены особенности ответственности сторон по данному договору и определены некоторые проблемы в данных отношениях.

In modern practice, disputes often arise between the parties to a transport expedition contract as a result of unfair performance of their contractual duties. Based on the study of domestic legislation, analysis of judicial practice, the authors highlighted the specifics of the parties' responsibility under this agreement and identified some problems in these relations.
SCREENING OF LIPID CONTENTS OF MICROALGAE BY OPTIMIZATION OF OIL EXTRACTION PROCESSES
Authors: N. Munir
Published: July 2023

Currently microalgae are considered as an efficient biological producer of oil.Present study was conducted to explore the lipid yield percentage of three microalgal strains Chlorellasp., Oedogonium sp. and Spirogyra sp. Bligh and Dyer, Soxhlet, Folch and Microwave assistedextraction methods were employed for oil extraction. It was observed that Bligh and Dyer method withChloroform-methanol (1:2, v/v) gave maximum extraction yield (15.46 ± 0.240 %) for Chlorella sp.whereas Folch method with chloroform-methanol (2:1, v/v) gave more lipid yield as compared toBligh and Dyer method i.e 5.53 ± 0.240 % for Spirogyra sp., 13.67 ± 0.240 % and 19.69 ± 0.667 % forOedogonium sp. and Chlorella sp. respectively. Soxhlet extraction resulted in less (14.5± 0.45)percentage yield as compared to Bligh and Dyer and Folch method (16.7± 0.24). Microwave assistedextraction with chloroform- methanol resulted in highest lipid yield (30%) with Chlorella sp.indicating that it contained the maximum lipid content among all the three species.
TRENDS OF AFLATOXIN IN LIVESTOCK FEED AND VARIOUS FEED INGREDIENTS IN PAKISTAN
Authors: M. A. Tipu
Published: July 2023

Objective of current study was to determine aflatoxin B1 level in cotton see cake (CSL) rape seed cake (RSC), wheat bran (WB) and compound feed (CF) in 10 districts of Punjab, Pakistan namely Bahawalnagar, Bhakkar, Jhang, Kasur, Khanewal, Layyah, Multan, Muzaffargarh, Rahim Yar Khan and Rajanpur. For this purpose samples of CSC (n=375), RSC (n=100), WB (n=75), CF (n=100) were analyzed at Nutrition Division of Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki District Kasur. Different samples were extracted, filtered and further screened by using commercially available ELISA Romer kit. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance technique using SPSS software. Highest value of aflatoxin in CSC, RSC, WB and CF was found in districts; Bahawalnagar, Sialkot,Muzaffargarh and Bahawalnagar respectively, while its lowest value in CSC, RSC, WB and CF was found in Muzaffargarh, Multan, Bahawalnagar and Rahim Yar Khan, respectively. Highest infected samples were found in compound feed (21%) followed by cotton seed cake (11.93%), wheat bran (11.71%) and rape seed cake (11.11%) by percentage formula. Based upon the result of recent study toxin binders should be added in processed feed and storage condition of feed ingredients must be improved to minimize the risk of aflatoxicosis.
2 - The Invisible Cohesion of African Leadership: The Lead Up to the 1819 Battle at Grahamstown Reconsidered
Authors: Julia C. Wells
Published: July 2023

Historians are often troubled by the need to account for the ways that disunity among African leaders helped to pave the way for colonial conquest. In the Eastern Cape of South Africa, the success of the British in conquering territory belonging to the Xhosa people has been frequently attributed to a bitter power struggle between King Ngqika and his uncle Chief Ndlambe of the Rharhabe nation. From the first arrival of the British in the area in 1798, the newly- inaugurated Ngqika tried to enlist their help to counter the influence of his uncle, who had recently handed over the reins of power after a long regency. Over the next 20 years, the two leaders went to battle against each other on three occasions. The ultimate massive defeat of a large Xhosa force of up to 10,000 men at the battle of Grahamstown in 1819 has been identified as the turning point of Xhosa power, confirming the high price to be paid for royal rivalries. This article, however, identifies a concurrent trend towards cooperation between the two Chiefs, which has gone unrecognised. It argues that through the tumultuous twenty years of trying to come to terms with the implications of the British presence, the younger chief came to understand the greater imperative of unity in the face of a dangerous enemy. A starting point is the insight of Xhosa informal historians which claims that the conflicts between the Chiefs had more of a character of disciplining and enforcing traditional leadership values, than of a rivalry for the sole domination of one over the other. Using oral traditions, archival sources and translations from texts written in the Xhosa language, the seldom-appreciated spirit of building the nation is traced.
2 - Patterns of Migration and Population Mobility in Sudanic West Africa: Evidence from Ancient Kano, c. 800–1800 AD
Authors: Akachi Odoemene
Published: July 2023

In the last three decades historians of migration in Europe and the Americas have increasingly criticised the idea of a ‘mobility transition’, which assumed that pre- modern societies were geographically fairly immobile, and that people only started to move in unprecedented ways from the nineteenth century onwards. This paper takes this perspective as a point of departure, and further presents evidence of remarkable population mobility from ancient Kano, taking a longue durée viewpoint. It reconstructs the nature and transformative roles of constant and consistent migration and population mobility in Kano, which ensured enormous social interactions within and between culturally distinct communities and led to socio-cultural changes. This earned Kano a reputation as an important, formidable and large medieval urban metropolis in Western Sudan. Thus, ancient Kano, like elsewhere in Sudanic Africa, had a rich history of massiv and systematic migration and population mobility since the ninth century AD.
3 - Religion, Economy and the Pre-colonial Dimensions of the Jos Conflict
Authors: Jacinta Chiamaka Nwaka
Published: July 2023

Contrary to the popular view that the current Jos conflict is traceable to the effort of the Islamic leaders of the nineteenth century religious movement (jihad) to proselytise the people of the Jos Plateau, this article calls for the extension of the searchlight beyond religion. Using archival documents, oral interviews and secondary materials, it identifies the basis of the nineteenth century conflict between the local groups in the location of the present day Jos and the flag bearers of the Dan Fodio Jihad from the Bauchi Emirate not in religion, but in the latter’s attempt to exploit and dominate the region and its people economically through slave raiding, amana (tribute paying) relationship and some other means using religion. The article argues that almost a century of pre-colonial resistance to the Dan Fodio Jihad in the Jos Plateau, particularly by the three ethnic groups at the location of the present day Jos, does not find explanation in the people’s aversion to Islamic religion, but in the rejection of their economic exploitation by the flag bearers of the religious movement in the area.
5 - Transformations in Beliefs and Practices of Ecological Inviolability: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Mamfe- Akuapem Sacred Forest in Ghana
Authors: Kwabena Akurang-Parry
Published: July 2023

Sacred forests, also known as ethnoforests or forest groves, in Africa are a part of the construction of the cosmology of Africans and their effort to seek ecological harmony and biodiversity equilibrium. In sum, sacred forests are sites of deities and ancestors; ritual discourse and genealogical affirmations; and superstructures of social formations, ontology and eschatology. Much of what we know about sacred forests in Ghana and their significance comes from botanists, environmentalists, agriculturalists, anthropologists and archeologists. For their part, historians have shied away from studying sacred forests because of the paucity of written sources: colonial reports and Euro-Christian missionary accounts did not have cogent narratives on sacred forests. At best, colonial agents and Christian missionaries marginally framed African sacred forests in pejorative connotations and dismissed them as atavistic monuments of fetishised sites. What is not in doubt, based on oral history and oral tradition, in fact, major historical sources, is that African sacred forests have utilitarian uses as sites of sustained conservation. This article examines the history of transformation in beliefs and practices associated with a 150-year old sacred forest in Mamfe Akuapem, Ghana. The central thesis that informs the study is that African sacred forests, broadly framed as forest conservation, were closely intertwined with deification of land reserved for biodiversity and shaped by ontological beliefs.
1 - Royauté sacrée et pouvoir politique dans l’ancien Rwanda
Authors: Charles Kabwete Mulinda  , Raphael Nkaka
Published: July 2023

Cet article traite de la question de la royauté sacrée de l’ancien royaume du Rwanda. Cette sacralité a été présentée par certains comme s’il s’agissait ou d’une évidence ou d’une improbabilité. Les auteurs ont eu l’ambition de vérifier si cette royauté était ou n’était pas sacrée. En se basant sur des sources locales et sur des considérations théoriques par rapport au sujet d’étude, ils ont confirmé le caractère sacré de cette royauté. Ils ont ensuite décrypté le rôle idéologique de cette royauté : unifier le territoire du Rwanda, créer une culture matérielle en tant que pilier du développement économique, fonder et construire la royauté et le royaume. En somme, tout cela concourait à légitimer le pouvoir du roi.
7 - From an Invocation Space to a Commercial Emporium: The Evolutionary Dynamics of the Ladipo Auto Spare Parts Flea Market in Lagos, Nigeria – the 1950s to 2016
Authors: Ekanade Olumide
Published: July 2023

So much has been written about the municipal polities, economy and society in Nigeria with emphasis on Lagos. However, little attention has been given to the peculiar features and dynamics of spaces within Lagos whose constitutive nature and activities have had enormous implications for organization of social existence, politics, trade and inter-ethnic relations in Nigeria, and for (in)formal economies in Africa. One enduring economic space which has emblemized the enterprise of low-end globalization in the informal economy arena in Nigeria is the Ladipo auto spare parts market in Lagos. Ladipo has transformed from an inconspicuous ritual space to a twenty-first-century mega flea market. This article tracks the developmental trajectory of Ladipo and its streets’ spare parts trade in metropolitan Lagos. It interrogates the transformation of a religious space into a market, the spread and organization of trade, the regulatory institutions and associations that have evolved and how Ladipo has become a vote bank and platform for sub-regional economic interaction. It examines the interface between trade, politics and religion. It analyzes the changes and adaptation in the ethnic composition of Mushin, factors responsible and the impact of these dynamics. It concludes that without structural adjustment there may not have been the Ladipo flea market. Without the market, it would not have become a commercial hub for the spare parts’ trade and skill specialisation which would also have diminished Igbo influence in contemporary Lagos politics. It has also helped to create a dynamic trade culture that has helped to improve livelihoods and to blur ethnic and economic boundaries among the different ethnicities that constitute the market space, thus fostering peace among the different ethnicities in Lagos and by extension, Nigeria.
3 - Recruitment, Resistance and Memories of the First World War among the Terik of Kenya
Authors: Eliud Biegon
Published: July 2023

While the First World War was, from the Terik point of view, an unpopular and painful event, it inaugurated a deeper interaction between the British colonial government and the Terik. Terik memories of the war are complicated and ambivalent. Informants recall the war not only as a contest between the British and the Germans, but also as a time of widespread famine and forced recruitment. Driven by British anti-German propaganda, political anxieties and forced recruitment, Terik carriers and askari endured disease, suffering and death in the battlefields of East Africa between 1914 and 1918. These tragedies are deeply seared into Terik memories, but so are those of their bravery, heroism and being part of the victorious side. While they brought some economic and social benefits to the veterans, they also deepened British colonial cooptation of the Gapjepkoi ruling elite as well as its unpopularity among the Terik.
1 - Études archéologiques du peuplement de la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal : résultats depuis les années 90
Authors: Alioune Dème
Published: July 2023

Cet article fait la synthèse des résultats de recherches archéologiques faites dans la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal depuis les années 1990. La moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal a une écologie riche et diversifiée. Cette zone d’abondance, dans un contexte sahélien, a très tôt attiré les populations victimes des fluctuations de l’isohyète 400 mm. La tradition orale et les sources arabes affirment que la zone fut dominée par des États comme le Tékrour et Silla qui ont joué un grand rôle dans l’islamisation de l’Afrique de l’Ouest. À cause de son histoire et la présence de centaines de sites archéologiques, la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal est l’objet de recherches archéologiques depuis 1916. Il faut attendre les années 90 avec le MSV (Middle Senegal Valley) Project pour voir le début d’une approche régionale et processuelle. Ces années marquent aussi l’introduction de la courbe archéomagnétique et de la flottation en archéologie sénégalaise.
2 - The ‘Middle Belt’ Historiography of Resistance in Nigeria
Authors: Samaila Suleiman
Published: July 2023

Existing studies on Nigerian historiography cover renowned historians, major historical writings and prominent historiographical traditions of the major ethnicities such as Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba, with little or no attention paid to the multiple ethnic minorities in the Middle Belt area. Using a range of sources, from oral interviews with historians and activists, and a textual analysis of the writings of Middle Belt intellectuals, this study maps out the textual tradition of Middle Belt historiography, its ideological background and political undertones. This article argues that the writings of Middle Belt intellectuals represent the tension between distinct intellectual trends and political agendas in postcolonial Nigeria. Animated by a discourse of marginality and resistance to the dominant interpretations of northern Nigerian historiography, the article advances a fresh approach to the Middle Belt as an epistemic struggle by the ethnic minorities of northern Nigeria to reassert their ‘historical patrimony’ or reclaim their ‘historical dignity’ through the creation of projects that highlight their historical past.
7 - Cinema and Wage Labour in Colonial Kenya
Authors: Samson Kaunga Ndanyi
Published: July 2023

In the early 1920s, the first generation of African nationalists in colonial Kenya rejected capitalism and called for its abolition. The ‘agitators’ demanded that women and girls be exempted from compulsory labour and taxation. ‘Riots’ against the two most essential pillars of capitalism – labour and taxes – erupted in Nairobi, and the agitators paid for the agitation dearly, some with their lives. Responding swiftly and violently against an unorganised assembly consisting of low-wage workers, the British government in Kenya made a bloodbath out of the encounter by firing at men and women who, according to its own admission, were armed with sticks. The fallout was swift and immediate. First, it compelled the colonial administration in Nairobi to respond to a concerned international community that questioned its excessive use of force. Secondly, it influenced policy makers to replace force with a ‘soft approach’. This article is a labour history that employs instructional films produced in London for colonial subjects in the colonies, including Kenya, to shine a spotlight on the intersection of wage labour and cultural programmes for Africans.