bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of School‐based Group Mentoring in Promoting Resilience among Vulnerable High School Students
Authors: Kuperminc Gabriel P. , Chan Wing Yi , Hale Katherine E. , Joseph Hannah L. , Delbasso Claudia A.
Published: June 2019

This study examined the role of participation in a year‐long school‐based group mentoring program, Project Arrive (PA), on increasing resilience during the first year of high school among students identified as being at high risk for school dropout. Participants were 114, ninth grade students taking part in one of 32 PA mentoring groups, and 71 statistically matched comparison students (53% male, 75% eligible for free/reduced‐price lunch, 62% Latinx). Using a propensity score with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to reduce selection bias, and a multi‐level model to account for non‐independence of data within mentoring groups, we examined changes from pre‐test to program exit on seven external resilience resources (developmental supports and opportunities) and four internal resilience assets (personal strengths). At program exit, PA participants had higher adjusted means than comparisons on six external resources, including school support, school belonging, school meaningful participation, peer caring relationships, prosocial peers, and home meaningful participation. PA participants also had higher adjusted means on one internal asset, problem solving. Results point to the promise of group mentoring as an approach for increasing resilience among academically vulnerable adolescents.
Characteristics, management and outcome of DLBCL patients, presenting with simultaneous systemic and CNS disease at diagnosis: A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Perry Chava , Ben Barouch Sharon , Goldschmidt Neta , Sarid Nadav , Herishanu Yair , Shvidel Lev , Bairey Osnat , Lavi Noa , Horowitz Netanel , Avigdor Avraham , Lebel Eyal , Sofer Orit , Ram Ron , Avivi Irit
Published: June 2019

The incidence of systemic diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) concurrently involving the central nervous system (CNS) at diagnosis, is very low and data regarding the clinical course of these patients are scarce. We investigated characteristics, efficacy of treatment regimens including consolidative autologous stem cell transplantation and outcome of patients presenting with concomitant systemic and CNS DLBCL. The records of 44 patients, diagnosed between 2004 and 2017, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were retrospectively reviewed. CNS involvement was diagnosed as solely parenchymal in 41%, solely leptomeningeal in 43%, and paranchymal with leptomeningeal in 11% of the patients. Induction regimens were anthracycline‐based combined with high‐dose methotrexate (HD‐MTX) in 80% (n = 35) of patients, anthracycline‐based combined with intrathecal MTX in 3, cytarabine‐based (without antracyclines) in 2, HD‐MTX in 1 and palliative in three. Five of 41 patients treated with chemotherapy died of treatment‐related toxicity, all due to infections. Nineteen patients had consolidative autologous transplantation. Overall response rate following induction was 80% (complete responses 66% and partial responses 15%). All relapses (n = 11) occurred within less than 2 years. Within a median follow‐up of 26.8 months, 3‐years projected overall survival (OS) and progression free survival rates for the entire cohort were 56% ± 8.3 and 42% ± 8.9, respectively. In multivariate analysis, RCHOP‐HD MTX‐based induction [HR = 0.228, (0.054‐0.964)], administration of 3.5 g/m2 MTX [HR = 0.735 (0.620‐0.871)], and attaining CR following induction [HR = 0.185, (0.051‐0.667)] predicted longer OS. RCHOP‐HD MTX can provide prolonged remissions in DLBCL patients presenting with concomitant systemic and CNS involvement whereas role of autograft remains uncertain.
The Crystal Structure of Orthocetamol Solved by 3D Electron Diffraction
Authors: Andrusenko Iryna , Hamilton Victoria , Mugnaioli Enrico , Lanza Arianna , Hall Charlie , Potticary Jason , Hall Simon R. , Gemmi Mauro
Published: June 2019

Orthocetamol is a regioisomer of the well‐known pain medication paracetamol and a promising analgesic and an anti‐arthritic medicament itself. However, orthocetamol cannot be grown as single crystals suitable for X‐ray diffraction, so its crystal structure has remained a mystery for more than a century. Here, we report the ab‐initio structure determination of orthocetamol obtained by 3D electron diffraction, combining a low‐dose acquisition method and a dedicated single‐electron detector for recording the diffracted intensities. The structure is monoclinic, with a pseudo‐tetragonal cell that favors multiple twinning on a scale of a few tens of nanometers. The successful application of 3D electron diffraction to orthocetamol introduces a new gold standard of total structure solution in all cases where X‐ray diffraction and electron‐microscope imaging methods fail.
Reduction of a Tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile‐β‐Cyclodextrin Polymer to Remove Anionic Micropollutants and Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances from Water
Authors: Klemes Max J. , Ling Yuhan , Ching Casey , Wu Congyue , Xiao Leilei , Helbling Damian E. , Dichtel William R.
Published: June 2019

Organic micropollutants (MPs) are anthropogenic substances that contaminate water resources at trace concentrations. Many MPs, including per‐ and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs), have come under increased scrutiny because of their environmental persistence and association with various health problems. A β‐cyclodextrin polymer linked with tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (TFN‐CDP) has high affinity for cationic and many neutral MPs from contaminated water because of anionic groups incorporated during the polymerization. But TFN‐CDP does not bind many anionic MPs strongly, including anionic PFASs. To address this shortcoming, we reduced the nitrile groups in TFN‐CDP to primary amines, which reverses its affinity towards charged MPs. TFN‐CDP exhibits adsorption distribution coefficients (log KD values) of 2–3 for cationic MPs and −0.5–1.5 for anionic MPs, whereas the reduced TFN‐CDP exhibits log KD values of −0.5–1.5 for cationic MPs and 2–4 for anionic MPs, with especially high affinity towards anionic PFASs. Kinetic studies of the removal of 10 anionic PFASs at environmentally relevant concentrations showed 80–98 % removal of all contaminants after 30 min and was superior to commercial granular activated carbon. These findings demonstrate the scope and tunability of CD‐based adsorbents derived from a single polymerization and the promise of novel adsorbents constructed from molecular receptors.
Hierarchical Assembly of Peptoid‐Based Cylindrical Micelles Exhibiting Efficient Resonance Energy Transfer in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Jiao Fang , Wu Xuepeng , Jian Tengyue , Zhang Shuai , Jin Haibao , He Pingang , Chen Chun‐Long , De Yoreo James J.
Published: June 2019

Herein we show that by appending bulky β‐cyclodextrin (CD) groups onto sheet‐forming peptoids, we obtain cylindrical micelles that further assembly into membranes and intertwined ribbons on substrates in aqueous solution, depending on the choice of solution and substrate conditions. In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows that micelle assembly occurs in two steps, starting with “precursor” particles that transform into worm‐like micelles, which extend and coalesce to form the higher order structures with a rate and a degree of cooperativity dependent on pH and Ca2+ concentration. After co‐assembly with hydrophobic 4‐(2‐hydroxyethylamino)‐7‐nitro‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole (NBD) donors that occupy the hydrophobic core, followed by exposure to hydrophilic Rhodamine B as acceptors that insert into cyclodextrin, the micelles exhibit highly efficient Förster resonance energy transfer efficiency in aqueous solution, thereby mimicking natural light harvesting systems.
Significant Difference in Semiconducting Properties of Isomeric All‐Acceptor Polymers Synthesized via Direct Arylation Polycondensation
Authors: Wang Yang , Hasegawa Tsukasa , Matsumoto Hidetoshi , Michinobu Tsuyoshi
Published: June 2019

The direct arylation polycondensation (DArP) appeared as an efficient method for producing semiconducting polymers but often requires acceptor monomers with orienting or activating groups for the reactive carbon‐hydrogen (C‐H) bonds, which limits the choice of acceptor units. In this study, we describe a DArP for producing high‐molecular‐weight all‐acceptor polymers composed of the acceptor monomers without any orienting or activating groups via a modified method using Pd/Cu co‐catalysts. We thus obtained two isomeric all‐acceptor polymers, P1 and P2, which have the same backbone and side‐chains but different positions of the nitrogen atoms in the thiazole units. This subtle change significantly influences their optoelectronic, molecular packing, and charge‐transport properties. P2 with a greater backbone torsion has favorable edge‐on orientations and a high electron mobility μe of 2.55 cm2 V−1 s−1. Moreover, P2‐based transistors show an excellent shelf‐storage stability in air even after the storage for 1 month.
Visible‐Light‐Promoted Iron‐Catalyzed C(sp2)–C(sp3) Kumada Cross‐Coupling in Flow
Authors: Wei Xiao‐Jing , Abdiaj Irini , Sambiagio Carlo , Li Chenfei , Zysman‐Colman Eli , Alcázar Jesús , Noël Timothy
Published: June 2019

A continuous‐flow, visible‐light‐promoted method has been developed to overcome the limitations of iron‐catalyzed Kumada–Corriu cross‐coupling reactions. A variety of strongly electron rich aryl chlorides, previously hardly reactive, could be efficiently coupled with aliphatic Grignard reagents at room temperature in high yields and within a few minutes’ residence time, considerably enhancing the applicability of this iron‐catalyzed reaction. The robustness of this protocol was demonstrated on a multigram scale, thus providing the potential for future pharmaceutical application.
Understanding the life histories of amphidromous fish by integrating otolith‐derived growth reconstructions, post‐larval migrations and reproductive traits
Authors: Egan Eimear M.C. , Hickford Michael J.H. , Schiel David R.
Published: June 2019

Amphidromy is the most prevalent type of diadromous migration. Despite this, the conservation and management of amphidromous species is exceptionally challenging because this life history type, with larval development in a pelagic habitat (usually marine) and adult development in fresh water, is poorly resolved.

The chronological properties of otoliths, together with a spatial and temporal analysis of post‐larval migration traits and adult reproductive traits, were used to reconstruct the life history of a widespread, yet declining amphidromous galaxiid, Galaxias maculatus, and to explore relationships between marine and freshwater life phases.

A wide range of post‐larval migration traits were observed over the peak migratory period. Post‐larvae were smaller and younger at inward migration late in the migration season (November) and were derived from winter spawning events. Earlier migrants (September) were larger, older and derived from autumn spawning events.

Age estimates confirmed that G. maculatus is largely an annual species, but back‐calculated hatch dates showed that spawning times are more extensive than previously known.

Growth reconstructions revealed that winter‐hatched larvae were faster growing during marine and freshwater life and attained sexual maturity at a younger age than autumn‐hatched fish. However, no differences in body size or reproductive investment were detected between autumn‐ and winter‐hatched larvae.

The first 50 days of marine growth were inter‐dependent, indicating that early larval growth may be the critical link to understanding intra‐ and inter‐annual recruitment variations of inward migrating post‐larvae. Furthermore, growth after 60 days of larval life propagated through to adult freshwater development, highlighting linkages between late marine and adult freshwater life.

This study highlights the value of studying the marine and freshwater life phases of amphidromous species in tandem. This interconnected understanding must ultimately be achieved for the conservation and management of species with this poorly understood life history type.
Ermittlung und Vergleich von Verkehrslärmspektren zur Überprüfung der Korrektursummanden der VDI 2719 hinsichtlich des Schallschutzes von Fenstern
Authors: Fischer Isabel , Meier Andreas , Kübler Bernhard
Published: June 2019

Das Bemessungsverfahren der VDI 2719: „Schalldämmung von Fenstern und deren Zusatzeinrichtungen” aus dem Jahr 1987 beinhaltet Korrektursummanden (K‐Werte), die eine möglichst genaue Planung des Schallschutzes in Abhängigkeit des anliegenden Außenlärmspektrums ermöglichen sollen. Sowohl die Bemessung nach diesem Verfahren als auch der Schallschutznachweis nach DIN 4109 erfolgen ausschließlich unter Verwendung von Einzahl‐Werten – frequenzabhängige Betrachtungen sind in beiden Regelwerken nicht vorgesehen. Aufgrund des Alters der VDI ist eine Überprüfung überfällig. Die in der aktuellen VDI 2719 genannten K‐Werte basieren auf Messungen aus dem Jahr 1985. Neue Arbeiten beschäftigten sich bereits mit der Veränderung des spektralen Verlaufs der Schalldämmung von Fenstern bzw. mit heute vorliegenden Lärmspektren aus Bahnverkehr und ziviler Luftfahrt. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden durch Messungen aktuelle Straßenverkehrslärmspektren bestimmt. Somit konnten die K‐Werte der VDI 2719 überprüft und neu ermittelt werden.
Recent Advances in Carbon‐Based Bifunctional Oxygen Catalysts for Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Liu Daolan , Tong Yueyu , Yan Xiao , Liang Ji , Dou Shi X.
Published: June 2019

Zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) have recently received tremendous research attention due to their high theoretical energy densities. However, current ZABs suffer from poor energy efficiency and cyclability, mainly owing to the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on the air electrode. Therefore, rational design of efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts with high activity and stability is essential for improving battery performance. Carbon‐based nanomaterials are promising candidates for bifunctional oxygen catalysis. In this review, we present the latest development of carbon‐based bifunctional electrocatalysts for ZABs. Firstly, the related reaction mechanisms of bifunctional ORR/OER catalysts are introduced. Then, the recent advances in developing carbon‐based bifunctional catalysts with tailored structure and promising catalytic performance are introduced following the regulation strategies, e. g., heteroatom doping, defect engineering, and/or hybridizing with other active materials. Finally, the key challenges and perspectives of advanced ZABs are provided to better shed light on future research.
Cell‐Cycle‐Dependent Regulation of Translation: New Interpretations of Old Observations in Light of New Approaches
Authors: Anda Silje , Grallert Beáta
Published: June 2019

It is a long‐standing view that global translation varies during the cell cycle and is much lower in mitosis than in other cell‐cycle phases. However, the central papers in the literature are not in agreement about the extent of downregulation in mitosis, ranging from a dramatic decrease to only a marginal reduction. Herein, it is argued that the discrepancy derives from technical challenges. Cell‐cycle‐dependent variations are most conveniently studied in synchronized cells, but the synchronization methods by themselves often evoke stress responses that, in turn, affect translation rates. Further, it is argued that previously reported cell‐cycle‐dependent changes in the global translation rate to a large extent reflect responses to the synchronization methods. Recent findings strongly suggest that the global translation rate is not regulated in a cell‐cycle‐dependent manner. Novel techniques allowing a genome‐wide analysis of translational profiles suggest that the extent and importance of selective translational regulation associated with cell‐cycle transitions have been underestimated. Therefore, the main question is which messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are translated, rather than whether the global translation rate is decreased.
Routine chest CT for staging of gastric cancer
Authors: Chen A-H , Chan W-H , Lee Y-H , Tseng J-H , Yeh T-S , Chiu C-T , Chen J-S , Chen C-M
Published: June 2019

Background

International guidelines on clinical staging of gastric cancer recommend the use of chest CT for the detection of pulmonary metastases. This study assessed the clinical value of routine chest CT in the staging of gastric cancer.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients identified from the gastric cancer registry of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. All patients who underwent clinical staging between 2008 and 2014 were included. The pattern, site and number of metastases at initial presentation and after surgery with curative intent were evaluated. Pulmonary metastases were defined as multiple small round pulmonary nodules with a random distribution or of variable size.

Results

Some 1669 patients were included, of whom 478 (28·6 per cent) had metastatic disease at clinical presentation. The majority of metastases were to the peritoneum (75·7 per cent of patients) or liver (30·5 per cent), and only 27 patients (5·6 per cent) had pulmonary metastases at presentation, none of which were isolated to the lung. Of these 27 patients, 11 had primary lesions located at the cardia/fundus. In 19 patients the lung metastases were also detected on the staging chest X-ray. After surgery there were 196 cancer recurrences. Some 15 patients (7·6 per cent) had lung metastasis and this was not the only site of metastases in any patient. The prevalence of lung metastasis at presentation of the disease and after surgery was 1·6 and 1·5 per cent respectively.

Conclusion

This study does not support the routine use of chest CT for staging of gastric cancer as isolated pulmonary metastasis in the absence of other metastatic sites could not be detected.
Helicobacter suis infection is associated with nodular gastritis‐like appearance of gastric mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
Authors: Takigawa Hidehiko , Masaki Satoshi , Naito Toshikatsu , Yuge Ryo , Urabe Yuji , Tanaka Shinji , Sentani Kazuhiro , Matsuo Taiji , Matsuo Keisuke , Chayama Kazuaki , Kitadai Yasuhiko
Published: June 2019

Most patients with gastric mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma are infected with Helicobacter pylori, and eradication therapy is the first‐line treatment for localized disease with H pylori infection. However, there were several reports showing effectiveness of eradication therapy in even H pylori negative cases. Gastric MALT lymphomas are endoscopically classified into three common types: superficial, ulcerative, and elevated types. For the past 20 years, we have encountered 200 cases of localized gastric MALT lymphoma. Among them, only 4 cases (2%) showed similar macroscopic findings to those of nodular gastritis (gastric MALT lymphoma with nodular gastritis‐like appearance; M‐NGA). Here, we compared clinicopathological characteristics and prevalence of non‐H pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) infection between M‐NGA and other common types of gastric MALT lymphoma. To examine the prevalence of NHPH infection, DNA was extracted from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded biopsy tissues from four cases of M‐NGA, 20 cases of common endoscopic types of gastric MALT lymphoma, and 10 cases of nodular gastritis. We used a highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction assay to detect the presence of five species of NHPH (Helicobacter suis, H felis, H bizzozeronii, H salomonis, and H heilmannii). H suis infection was detected in 4, 2, and 0 of the 4, 20, and 10 cases of M‐NGA, other types of gastric MALT lymphoma, and nodular gastritis, respectively. Other NHPH species were not detected in any cases. Complete response rate by eradication therapy was 4/4 in M‐NGA cases. Therefore, nodular gastritis‐like MALT lymphoma, which shows a very rare phenotype, is closely associated with NHPH infection, and eradication therapy may be the first‐choice treatment.
The novel use of a nasal bridle system to remove a foreign body in the ear
Authors: Scott Robert Adrian , Wood Colin , Khan Imran
Published: June 2019

Foreign bodies in the ear are a common presentation that prompt referral to Otolaryngology. We describe a technique that is safe and simple to perform for the removal of metallic foreign bodies in the ear. Case report of an elderly gentleman presenting with otalgia and a hearing aid battery lodged within bony external ear canal.
Direct Spectroscopic Detection of Key Intermediates and the Turnover Process in Catalytic H2 Formation by a Biomimetic Diiron Catalyst
Authors: Wang Shihuai , Pullen Sonja , Weippert Valentin , Liu Tianfei , Ott Sascha , Lomoth Reiner , Hammarström Leif
Published: June 2019

[FeFe(Cl2‐bdt)(CO)6] (1; Cl2‐bdt=3,6‐dichlorobenzene‐1,2‐dithiolate), inspired by the active site of FeFe‐hydrogenase, shows a chemically reversible 2 e− reduction at −1.20 V versus the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple. The rigid and aromatic bdt bridging ligand lowers the reduction potential and stabilizes the reduced forms, compared with analogous complexes with aliphatic dithiolates; thus allowing details of the catalytic process to be characterized. Herein, time‐resolved IR spectroscopy is used to provide kinetic and structural information on key catalytic intermediates. This includes the doubly reduced, protonated complex 1H−, which has not been previously identified experimentally. In addition, the first direct spectroscopic observation of the turnover process for a molecular H2 evolving catalyst is reported, allowing for straightforward determination of the turnover frequency.
Development of Lysosome‐Targeted Fluorescent Probes for Cys by Regulating the Boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) Molecular Structure
Authors: Gao Jinhua , Tao Yuanfang , Zhang Jian , Wang Nannan , Ji Xin , He Jinling , Si Yubing , Zhao Weili
Published: June 2019

Our previous discovery suggested that substituents on the 1,7 positions delicately modulate the sensing ability of the meso‐arylmercapto boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) to biothiols. In this work, the impact of delicate modulations on the sensing ability is investigated. Therefore, 1,7‐dimethyl, 3,5‐diaryl substituted BODIPY is designed and developed and its conformationally restricted species with a meso‐arylmercapto moiety (DM‐BDP‐SAr and DM‐BDP‐R‐SAr) as selective fluorescent probes for Cys. Moreover, the lysosome‐target probes (Lyso‐S and Lyso‐D) based on DM‐BDP‐SAr carrying one or two morpholinoethoxy moieties were developed. They were able to detect Cys selectively in vitro with low detection limits. Both Lyso‐S and Lyso‐D localized nicely in lysosomes in living HeLa cells and exhibited red fluorescence for Cys. Moreover, a novel fluorescence quenching mechanism was proposed from the calculations by density functional theory (DFT). The probes may go through intersystem crossing (from singlet excited state to triplet excited state) to result in fluorescence quenching.
β‐CsB9O14: A Triple‐Layered Borate with Edge‐Sharing BO4 Tetrahedra Exhibiting a Short Cutoff Edge and a Large Birefringence
Authors: Han Shujuan , Huang Chunmei , Tudi Abudukadi , Hu Shuaishuai , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: June 2019

The first triple‐layered borate with edge‐sharing BO4 tetrahedra, β‐CsB9O14 was obtained under vacuum‐sealed condition. It represents a new structure type and enriches the structural diversity of borates. Moreover, β‐CsB9O14 exhibits a short UV cutoff edge and a large birefringence, indicating that it could be regarded as a DUV birefringent crystal.
Flow Fields in Stirred Vessels Depending on Different Internal Heat Exchangers and Vessel Bottoms
Authors: Jaehrling Katja , Schultz Heyko Juergen
Published: June 2019

This study provides the influence of different heat exchanger internals (helical pipe coils, heating plugs, pipe registers) and reactor bottom shapes (torispherical/dished (Kloepper‐shape), hemispherical, and flat) on the flow field, the turbulent kinetic energy, and the ratio of tangential flow in stirred vessels, based on extensive stereo PIV measurement series in refractive index‐matched, optically completely accessible systems. The investigations impressively show advantages and disadvantages of the various equipment, which have a massive influence on both heat transport and the flow.
The [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of 2‐Pyrone in Total Synthesis
Authors: Cai Quan
Published: June 2019

Diels‐Alder reaction is one of the most important reactions in organic synthesis and has witnessed great achievements in total syntheses of complex natural products. In this review, we will focus on the [4 + 2] cycloaddition that utilizes 2‐pyrone as the diene component. Major advances of its applications in the total syntheses of natural products in the past fifty years will be discussed here.
Ketone Synthesis by Direct, Orthogonal Chemoselective Hydroacylation of Alkenes with Amides: Use of Alkenes as Surrogates of Alkyl Carbanions
Authors: Geng Hui , Huang Pei‐Qiang
Published: June 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusion

Direct functionalization of alkenes and direct transformation of carboxamides are two exciting areas that have attracted considerable attention in recent years. We report herein that secondary amides, the least reactive derivatives of carbonyl compounds, upon activated with triflic anhydride, can serve as effective hydroacylating reagents in partner with alkenes to yield ketones at ambient temperature. The method was applied to the one‐step synthesis of racemic dihydro‐ar‐turmerone. In this method, alkenes serve as surrogates of organometallic reagents, which allows the orthogonal chemoselective reactions. The ready availability of many olefins such as camphene and norbornene permits one‐step ketone synthesis that would require several steps by conventional methods.
Low‐Grade Myelodysplastic Syndromes with Preserved CD34+ B‐Cell Precursors (CD34+ Hematogones)
Authors: Chen Zhining , Ok Chi Young , Wang Wei , Goswami Maitrayee , Tang Guilin , Routbort Mark , Jorgensen Jeffrey L. , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Wang Sa A.
Published: June 2019

B‐cell progenitors (hematogones) are markedly decreased or completely absent in the bone marrows of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and the finding is considered as an important feature in MDS flow cytometry immunophenotyping. We studied CD34+ hematogones as a proportion of total CD34+ cells in 160 treatment naïve low grade primary MDS patients, consecutively collected over a two‐year period. While confirming that the median CD34 + hematogones was significantly decreased (1.08%, 0%, to 67.86%), we observed variably preserved CD34 + hematogones in some MDS patients. Using a 5% cutoff, a total of 46 (29%) MDS patients had ≥5% CD34 + hematogones, significantly overrepresented by MDS with ring sideroblasts (RS) (MDS‐RS) (18/40, 45%, vs. 28/120, 23%, P = 0.015). While we did not observe unique features among MDS‐RS, mutations were noticeably absent in a significant number of MDS without RS (37% vs. 14%, P = 0.013), including TP53 mutations (0% vs.16.5%, P = 0.021) if ≥5% CD34 + hematogones were present. Although the follow up was short (18.5 months, 0 to 151.0), a better overall survival was observed in MDS with ≥5% CD34 + hematogones, either as a group (P = 0.008) or among patients with no RS (P = 0.028). In multivariate analysis, reduced hematogones remained to be significant hazard (P = 0.015). In summary, preserved CD34 + hematogones (≥5%) are seen in over a quarter of primary low‐grade MDS and these cases are overrepresented by MDS with RS or MDS with no detectable mutations. The finding is new, and this phenomenon may in part attribute to preservation of B‐cell differentiation of CD34+ progenitors, and it is associated with a better prognosis in low grade MDS patients. © 2019 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Adenoid basal carcinoma combined with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix: A case report of a 37‐year‐old woman and literature review
Authors: Yuksel Semra , Bektas Sibel , Salman Suleyman
Published: June 2019

Adenoid basal carcinoma (ABC) is uncommon malignancy of the uterine cervix and it can be pure or combined with cervical intraepithelial lesions. There were less than 20 cases of ABC combined with invasive squamous carcinoma (mixed type) in English literature. These cases had similar properties as seen at postmenopausal women and diagnosed with abnormal cervical smear findings. Here we present a case of 37‐year‐old woman who suffered from spotting and received endocervical curettage. The pathological report revealed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix. The patient underwent type 3 radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic and para‐aortic lymph node dissection. The final pathological report revealed SCC coexisting with ABC. Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16,18 and others (11 types) were negative in both components of the mixed tumor by in situ hybridization detection. Our case was cytokeratin 7 negative, cytokeratin 8 positive and p63 positive which supports the hypothesis that mixed type cervical carcinoma originates from endocervical reserve cells.
Are we approaching a water ceiling to maize yields in the United States?
Authors: DeLucia Evan H. , Chen Shiliu , Guan Kaiyu , Peng Bin , Li Yan , Gomez‐Casanovas Nuria , Kantola Ilsa B. , Bernacchi Carl J. , Huang Yuefei , Long Stephen P. , Ort Donald R.
Published: June 2019

While annual precipitation in much of the US Corn Belt is likely to remain constant, atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD), the driver of crop water loss (evapotranspiration; ET), is projected to increase from ~2.2 kPa today to ~2.7 kPa by mid‐century primarily due to the temperature increase. Without irrigation, it has been hypothesized that the increase in VPD will create a ceiling to future increases in maize yields. We calculated current and future growing season ET based on biomass, water use efficiency, and the amount of yield these levels of ET would support for maize production in the Midwest USA. We assumed that the production of more grain will necessitate a proportional increase in the production of biomass, with a corresponding increase in ET. Here we show that as VPD increases, maintaining current maize yields (2013–2016) will require a large expansion of irrigation, greater than threefold, in areas currently supported by rain. The average predicted yield for the region of 244 ± 4 bushels/acre (15,316 ± 251 kg/ha) projected for 2050, assuming yield increases observed for the past 60 yr continue, would not be possible with projected increases in VPD, creating a water ceiling to maize yields. Substantial increases in maize yields and the production of high yielding grasses for bioenergy will require developing cultivars with greater water use efficiency, a trait that has not been a priority for breeders in the past.
Chlorotrifluoromethylation of Terminal Olefins by Atom Transfer‐Type Radical Reaction Catalyzed by Cobalt Complexes
Authors: Maeda Kazuki , Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: June 2019

A cobalt porphyrin‐catalyzed chlorotrifluoromethylation reaction of olefins is described. The use of CF3SO2Cl as the CF3 radical source and a cobalt catalyst enabled the selective addition of CF3 radicals under thermal conditions. Various functional groups such as esters and Ar–X moieties, which can be reactive with low valent transition metal catalysts, were well‐tolerated in this catalytic process. A highly functionalized alkaloid derivative was also tolerated as a substrate. As a demonstration of the bio‐inspired catalytic system, catalytic usage of vitamin B12, which is the commercially available form of the natural cobalt porphyrinoid, was employed, and diastereoselective chlorotrifluoromethylation of the alkaloid molecule was achieved.
Fisheries and Climate Change: Legal and Management Implications
Authors: Farady Susan E , Bigford Thomas E
Published: June 2019

Many U.S. marine fisheries are showing the impacts of climate change. Some species are shifting outside their historical range in response to changing ecosystem conditions, especially warming waters, but also to changing habitats and ocean acidification. This new reality poses challenges to our current management regimes as fish and fishermen move, sometimes into areas dedicated to different historical uses or new ventures. This Perspective will explore how our current fishery management system is being tested by climate change impacts, the efforts underway to adapt science and management to a new normal in the ocean, the constraints of current law, and ideas for future law and regulation that is designed to enable management under climate-changed conditions.
Elemental mapping of micromorphological block samples using portable X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF): Integrating a geochemical line of evidence
Authors: Holcomb Justin A. , Karkanas Panagiotis
Published: June 2019

Archaeological soil and sediment micromorphology represent the most efficient way to obtain microcontextual information at archaeological sites. Because of the generally qualitative (descriptive) nature of micromorphology, one difficulty with the method is establishing vertical and lateral continuity of the observed layers or features. Through an Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis approach, we demonstrate that portable X‐ray fluorescence (pXRF) elemental mapping of resin‐impregnated micromorphological block samples provides a complementary geoarchaeological approach for gathering valuable chemical information at the mesoscale. Specifically, we integrate these data with micromorphological analyses to aid our interpretation of the formation of a complex Archaic (seventh century) ritual ash midden (eschara) from the site of Kalapodi, in Greece. We demonstrate that pXRF elemental mapping provides a rapid and cost‐effective approach to generate a geochemical line of evidence during micromorphological analyses, and can help tease apart and interpret complex formation processes, such as those found in anthropogenic deposits.
5‐Hydroxymethylcytosine as a clinical biomarker: Fluorescence‐based assay for high‐throughput epigenetic quantification in human tissues
Authors: Margalit Sapir , Avraham Sigal , Shahal Tamar , Michaeli Yael , Gilat Noa , Magod Prerna , Caspi Michal , Loewenstein Shelly , Lahat Guy , Friedmann‐Morvinski Dinorah , Kariv Revital , Rosin‐Arbesfeld Rina , Zirkin Shahar , Ebenstein Yuval
Published: June 2019

Epigenetic transformations may provide early indicators for cancer and other disease. Specifically, the amount of genomic 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5‐hmC) was shown to be globally reduced in a wide range of cancers. The integration of this global biomarker into diagnostic workflows is hampered by the limitations of current 5‐hmC quantification methods. Here we present and validate a fluorescence‐based platform for high‐throughput and cost‐effective quantification of global genomic 5‐hmC levels. We utilized the assay to characterize cancerous tissues based on their 5‐hmC content, and observed a pronounced reduction in 5‐hmC level in various cancer types. We present data for glioblastoma, colorectal cancer, multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and pancreatic cancer, compared to corresponding controls. Potentially, the technique could also be used to follow response to treatment for personalized treatment selection. We present initial proof‐of‐concept data for treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis.
Scanning X‐ray microdiffraction of decellularized pericardium tissue at increasing glucose concentration
Authors: Giannini Cinzia , Terzi Alberta , Fusaro Luca , Sibillano Teresa , Diaz Ana , Ramella Martina , Lutz‐Bueno Viviane , Boccafoschi Francesca , Bunk Oliver
Published: June 2019

Blood glucose supplies energy to cells and is critical for the human brain. Glycation of collagen, the nonenzymatic formation of glucose‐bridges, relates to diseases of aging populations and diabetics. This chemical reaction, together with its biomechanical effects, has been well studied employing animal models. However, the direct impact of glycation on collagen nano‐structure is largely overlooked, and there is a lack of ex vivo model systems. Here, we present the impact of glucose on collagen nanostructure in a model system based on abundantly available connective tissue of farm animals. By combining ex vivo small and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) imaging, we characterize intra‐ and inter‐molecular parameters of collagen in decellularized bovine pericardium with picometer precision. We observe three distinct regimes according to glucose concentration. Such a study opens new avenues for inspecting the effects of diabetes mellitus on connective tissues and the influence of therapies on the resulting secondary disorders.
Identification of gravid mosquitoes from changes in spectral and polarimetric backscatter cross sections
Authors: Genoud Adrien P. , Gao Yunpeng , Williams Gregory M. , Thomas Benjamin P.
Published: June 2019

Improving the survey of mosquito populations is of the utmost importance to further enhance mitigation techniques that protect human populations from mosquito‐borne diseases. While mosquito populations are generally studied using physical traps, stand‐off optical sensors allow to study insect ecosystems with potentially better spatial and temporal resolution. This can be greatly beneficial to eco‐epidemiological models and various mosquito control programs. In this contribution, we demonstrate that the gravidity of female mosquitoes can be identified from changes in their spectral and polarimetric backscatter cross sections. Among other predictive variables, the wing beat frequency and the depolarization ratio of the mosquito body allows for the identification of gravid females with a precision and recall of 86% and 87%, respectively. Since female mosquitoes need a blood meal to become gravid, statistics on gravidity is of prime importance as only females that have been gravid might carry infectious diseases. In addition, it allows to detect possible breeding habitat, predict a potential increase in the mosquito population and provide a better overall understanding of the ecosystem dynamics. As a result, targeted and localized mitigation techniques can be used, reducing the cost and improving the efficiency of mosquito population control.
Ginsenoside Rg1 protects H9c2 cells against nutritional stress‐induced injury via aldolase /AMPK/PINK1 signalling
Authors: Xu ZhiMeng , Li ChengBin , Liu QingLing , Yang Hua , Li Ping
Published: June 2019

Insufficient nutrients supply will greatly affect the function of cardiac myocytes. The adaptive responses of cardiac myocytes to nutritional stress are not fully known. Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the most pharmacologically active components in Panax Ginseng and possesses protective effects on cardiomyocyte. Here, we investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on H9c2 cells which were subjected to nutritional stress. Nutritional stress‐induced by glucose deprivation strongly induced cell death and this response was inhibited by ginsenoside Rg1. Importantly, glucose deprivation decreased intracellular ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential. Ginsenoside Rg1 rescued ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential in nutrient‐starved cells. For molecular mechanisms, ginsenoside Rg1 increased the expressions of PTEN‐induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and p‐AMPK in glucose deprivation treated H9c2 cells. Reducing the expression of aldolase in H9c2 cells inhibited ginsenoside Rg1′s actions on PINK1 and p‐AMPK. Further, the nutritional stress mice were used to verify the mechanisms obtained in vitro. Ginsenoside Rg1 increased the expressions of aldolase, p‐AMPK, and PINK1 in starved mice heart. Taken together, our results reveal that ginsenoside Rg1 limits nutritional stress‐induced H9c2 cells injury by regulating the aldolase /AMP‐activated protein kinase/PINK1 pathway.
Association of metabolism‐related genes polymorphisms with adenocarcinoma of the oesophagogastric junction: Evidence from 2261 subjects
Authors: Tang Weifeng , Liu Jun , Zhong Zhihui , Qiu Hao , Kang Mingqiang
Published: June 2019

The etiology of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) remains unclear. It is believed that the increasing of AEG may be correlated with the elevated ratio of obesity and overweight. Thus, metabolism‐related genes and variants may play important roles in the occurrence and progress of AEG. The current investigation involved 720 patients with AEG and 1541 healthy controls. We selected transcription factor 7‐like 2 (TCF7L2) rs7903146 and rs290481, INS rs689 and INSR rs1799817 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and explored the association of these SNPs with lymph node status and risk of AEG. The polymerase chain reaction was harnessed to identify the genotyping of four polymorphisms. We found that TCF7L2 rs290481 (T > C) and INSR rs1799817 (G > A) polymorphisms were associated with the increased susceptibility of AEG (P = .007 and 0.004 for TCF7L2 rs290481 in TC vs TT and TC/CC vs TT models, and P = .040 for INSR rs1799817 in GA/AA vs GG model). We also conducted a subgroup analysis by different cancer stage. We identified that TCF7L2 rs290481, INS rs689, and INSR rs1799817 SNPs increased the susceptibility of AEG in different cancer stage subgroups. In addition, we found that rs290481 SNP in TCF7L2 gene increased the risk of lymph node metastasis in drinking patients with AEG. However, the association of INSR rs1799817 SNP with a decreased risk of lymph node metastasis in smoking patients with AEG was found. Our findings highlight that TCF7L2 rs290481, INS rs689, and INSR rs1799817 polymorphisms may increase the risk of AEG. In addition, TCF7L2 rs290481 and INSR rs1799817 SNPs may influence the lymph node metastasis in patients with AEG.
Preparation, characterization and environmental application of the composite electrode TiO2‐NTs/SnO2—Sb with carbon aerogels
Authors: Yin Xu , Liu Qianwen , Chen Yong , Xu Anlin , Wang Yi , Tu Yong , Han Weiqing
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

Research on electrode materials with high electrochemical activity is of great importance for the electrochemical oxidation technique. In this work, an electrode comprising titanium dioxide nanotubes with tin oxide antimony (TiO2‐NTs/SnO2—Sb) with carbon aerogels (TSS‐CAs) was fabricated and used to degrade three isomers of dihydroxybenzenes.

RESULTS

It was observed that the TSS‐0.5%CAs electrode prepared with 0.5 wt% CAs possessed prominent pore structure and a larger specific surface area of 180.83 m2 g−1. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the TSS‐0.5%CAs electrode had enhanced electrochemical activity, larger electroactive area, and higher oxygen evolution potential. Relevant operational parameters including initial contaminant concentration, pH, electrolyte concentration and current density had significant effects on the electrocatalytic performance of the TSS‐CAs electrode.

CONCLUSION

It was demonstrated that a proper content of carbon aerogel could improve the structure and electrochemical performance of the TSS‐CAs electrode. The removal of catechol was higher than that of hydroquinone and resorcinol during electrochemical oxidation, due to its lower Gibbs free energy barriers. Oxidation of intermediates of dihydroxybenzenes by the TSS‐CAs electrode also was confirmed. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Hemorrhage control during gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection: Techniques using uncovered knives
Authors: Horikawa Yohei , Fushimi Saki , Sato Sayaka
Published: June 2019

Since the last decade, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been used as the standard treatment for superficial gastrointestinal neoplasms. Trainees learning ESD frequently encounter difficulties such as vascularity, peristalsis, and fibrosis during the procedure. Because individual vascularity differs, it generally cannot be consistently avoided. Given that massive hemorrhages can prolong the procedure time and diminish treatment efficacy and that insufficient vessel handling may also increase postoperative bleeding, hemorrhage control during ESD becomes important to ensure procedure safety. This article discusses methods for controlling hemorrhage during gastric ESD. Endoscopists should have a basic understanding of the vascular architecture and the high‐density areas in blood vessels, which are susceptible to intraoperative hemorrhage. Efficient preventative coagulation should be performed in addition to mastering the techniques for hemorrhage control using hemostatic forceps. Techniques useful for preventing intraoperative hemorrhage at every step (e.g. submucosal injection, mucosal incision, and dissection) should be learned. Gaining procedural competence and learning hemorrhage control techniques not only during ESD but also in daily work would help provide safe and effective treatment.
Why was the Paraná flood of 2016 weaker than that of 1998?
Authors: Antico Andrés , Diaz Henry F.
Published: June 2019

Although the 2015–2016 El Niño was expected to cause a severe Paraná River flood similar to that associated with the 1997–1998 El Niño, the Paraná flood of 2016 was considerably weaker than that of 1998. Here we explain this by analysing Paraná discharge data (1904–2017) to assess the contributions of discharge cycles with different frequencies and with different associated climate modes to the formation of the 1998 and 2016 floods. We found that the 2016 flood was relatively weak mainly because the following Paraná discharge cycles contributed less to form the 2016 flood than to form the 1998 flood: (a) a 3–5‐year cycle linked to El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), (b) a 9‐year cycle related to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and (c) a 31–85‐year cycle associated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). This finding suggests that, besides ENSO, two other climate modes (NAO and IPO) may have acted to weaken the 2016 flood.
Comparison of the efficiency and safety of endonasal and open rhinosurgery in children
Authors: Alekseenko Svetlana , Karpishchenko Sergey
Published: June 2019

Objectives/Hypothesis

The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency and safety of endonasal endoscopic maxillary surgery and the Caldwell‐Luc approach in children.

Study Design

Case series.

Methods

A total of 121 children aged 9 to 17 years with chronic rhinosinusitis were included in the study. The patients were operated on using Caldwell‐Luc (n = 36) and endoscopic maxillary surgery (n = 85) procedures. Efficiency and safety of the surgeries were assessed using pre‐ and postoperative endoscopic evaluation of the mucosa of the nasal cavity, 20‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐20), and subjective (both children's and parents') evaluation of the outcomes.

Results

Endoscopic investigation of the mucosa of the nasal cavity demonstrated a significant improvement after both Caldwell‐Luc and endoscopic surgery, although the Caldwell‐Luc procedure did not result in significant improvement in mucosal color. However, no significant group difference was observed. Both techniques resulted in a significant improvement of mucosal edema and fluid characteristics. Based on the results of the SNOT‐20, endoscopic maxillary surgery was characterized by a significant improvement in headache frequency, waking up at night, reduced concentration, ear pain, and emotional suppression as compared to Caldwell‐Luc surgery. Although no significant group difference in efficiency between the Caldwell‐Luc approach and endoscopic surgery was observed, the latter was characterized by a lower rate of scar formation, and reduced sensitivity, local painfulness, lacrimation, and psychologic discomfort.

Conclusions

The obtained data demonstrate the higher efficiency and safety of endoscopic sinus surgery as compared to the Caldwell‐Luc approach in children.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 130:1056–1063, 2020