bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relato de uma Viagem sem Dinheiro pelo Brasil, Bolívia e Peru em 2015/2016
Authors: Borges Amanda Alves , Silva Lorrane Gomes da , Gonzaga Christianne Viana Ferreira Paiva , Rosa Rafael Lino
Published: May 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é relatar uma viagem feita sem dinheiro pelo Brasil, Bolívia e Peru em setenta dias (dezembro de 2015 a fevereiro de 2016). Um caminho espiritual e de aventuras, totalizando 5.500 quilômetros. A escolha do tema parte da necessidade pessoal da estudante em provar ser possível viajar sem recursos financeiros próprios, enfatizando as relações humanas. A problemática é o questionamento da centralidade do turismo como uma atividade econômica, algo que minimiza suas outras perspectivas. A metodologia usada foi bibliográfica de caráter qualitativo, além do trabalho de campo. O texto foi estruturado da seguinte maneira: os fundamentos teóricos que abordam o turismo além do viés econômico; o relato, detalhando a inspiração, preparação, trajeto e experiências; e os resultados que são as contribuições da viagem para a formação profissional. Após 45 caronas e 33 abrigos, confirma-se a natureza sociocultural do turismo e da hospitalidade humana. Conclui-se ser possível um turismo de compartilhamento, sem pagamento obrigatório. As principais referências foram Cunha (2010), Campbell (2015), Trigo (2013), entre outros.
Propostas políticas para o turismo dos candidatos Lula, Bolsonaro, Ciro e Tebet para o quadriênio 2023-2027
Authors: Sousa Diogo
Published: May 2024

Com a chegada das eleições gerais em 2022, os candidatos que se apresentarão à presidência da República, ou seja, à chefia do poder executivo federal, disponibilizaram seus planos de governo ao TSE - Tribunal Superior Eleitoral - e este os publicizaram em seu sítio oficial. Essas propostas, dentro do ciclo de políticas públicas, são conhecidas como agenda setting e se encontram na fase de formulação dele. Essas proposições têm um contingente político-ideológico, caracterizado pelas expressões políticas do candidato, do seu grupo político e do seu partido. Dentre os eixos a serem abordados, encontra-se o do turismo. Este artigo propõe analisar, por meio de parâmetros, as formulações das propostas de turismo de quatro candidatos: Lula, Bolsonaro, Ciro Gomes e Simone Tebet, que juntos, têm quase a totalidade dos votos válidos, segundo os institutos de pesquisas. Foi constatado que, exceto o documento do candidato Ciro Gomes, todos tratam diretamente sobre o turismo, porém, de forma distinta. Com viés economicista, há uma aceitação do turismo como dinamizador econômico, porém, na questão dele descentralizador da governança e democratizador nas tomadas de decisão, há uma abordagem dispare entre eles, inclusive contraditórias, se comparadas. Espera-se que, desta forma, uma contribuição seja ensejada, com vistas ao diálogo existente dentro e fora do ambiente acadêmico, para que se faça uma leitura crítica das propostas, pois com a vitória desses candidatos, as suas respectivas proposições serão e darão base à institucionalização política e programática do novo plano nacional de turismo, a ser formulado no ano de 2023.
A insegurança gerando mal-estar em destinos turísticos
Authors: Tomé MARCELLO , Valduga Manoela , Amorim Ericka
Published: May 2024

A atividade turística, dentre outros aspectos, caracteriza-se sobretudo pelo deslocamento dos sujeitos entre diferentes territórios, pelos mais variados motivos. As informações prévias que os viajantes têm sobre os inúmeros destinos que podem escolher exercem grande influência na tomada de decisão. Os problemas de segurança pública caracterizam-se como fatores restritivos para tal escolha, pois impõem riscos à vida e à integridade física dos indivíduos. Algumas localidades apresentam condicionantes socioambientais que proporcionam o medo social territorializado, caracterizado como um temor coletivo em determinada parcela do espaço, apresentando características ininterruptas ou temporárias que podem propiciar riscos e mal-estar para as pessoas. Assim, questiona-se se as destinações turísticas com problemas de segurança pública agregariam elementos temerários e negativos em sua imagem, gerando o medo social e propiciando mal-estar aos turistas?  Buscando responder tal questionamento, foi definido como objetivo deste artigo destacar o medo social por meio da insegurança, como relevante fator restritivo para o turismo e provocador de mal-estar para os visitantes. Primeiramente, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico sobre os temas fatores restritivos ao turismo e o medo social. A pesquisa empírica contou, com uma primeira parte qualitativa, formada por entrevista com 15 turistas, e a segunda parte foi quantitativa, contou com 384 formulários aplicados junto a turistas, ambas etapas transcorridas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados preliminares indicam a insegurança como destacado fator restritivo para o turismo no Rio de Janeiro, o que pode gerar mal-estar e contribuir para o medo social.
Os limites do turismo ou o turismo como tragédia e farsa: uma análise da série Turismo Macabro
Authors: Bonfá Neto Dorival
Published: May 2024

Tourism has historically been treated with an economic purpose, producing an economicist and mass tourism practice that commodified nature, the landscape, and the environment, bringing about territorial conflicts and cultural changes. What is known as dark tourism is a growing and evident modality that has recently been put on the agenda due to the Dark Tourist series (Netflix, 2018), in which its host visits various types of phenomena considered exotic from a tourist perspective. In these pages, I intend to make a brief critical reading of this documentary series that centers on the protagonist’s relationship with the visited places and sees the practices and phenomena represented in the series as a reproduction of the contradictions of capital that materialize themselves in actions that consume landscapes and environments, falsely revise history, and stereotypes the image of the other but which, if treated in another way, has a pedagogical potential.
Public Funding to Tourism Business: operation profile and spatial distribution of three brazilian funds
Authors: Pimentel Maurício Ragagnin , Kunz Jaciel Gustavo
Published: May 2024

El estudio analiza el perfil y la distribución espacial de las operaciones de crédito a través de fondos públicos para las empresas turísticas. Las herramientas utilizadas en esta investigación exploratoria fueron la cartografía temática y la estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Las pruebas no paramétricas, como la Chi-cuadrado, la Spearman-Rho y la W de Kendall, permitieron considerar 16 proposiciones sobre la posición de los fondos en la financiación de las actividades características del turismo (ACT). Las bases de datos investigadas son: operaciones indirectas del BNDES (2002 a 2020), Fondo Constitucional del Nordeste (2010 a 2019), Fondo General de Turismo (2018-2020). Todas nuevas a la literatura científica en turismo, salvo mejor búsqueda. Los fondos tienen objetivos distintos. El estudio subraya la importancia de examinar las relaciones y complementariedades entre los instrumentos transversales para estimular el desarrollo económico y territorial comparados a los dirigidos a un sector concreto. Otro aspecto destacado es el enfoque en la evaluación de la financiación del turismo dirigida al sector privado. A pesar de su importancia, se ha encontrado poca literatura sobre el tema. Un aspecto innovador del presente trabajo es evaluar un conjunto de dados en escala nacional de un largo país non europeo con múltiples ACTs en una extensa serie temporal. Al final, se discuten las sugerencias relativas a las políticas de financiación pública para el sector privado del turismo.
Museu do Território Líquido: O Patrimônio Cultural na Estância Hidromineral de Monte Alegre do Sul
Authors: Spinazzola Eduardo
Published: May 2024

Teniendo como contexto el estudio de caso del Complejo Hidromineral Monte Alegre do Sul, este artículo presenta una propuesta de intervención urbana que destaca la transformación del paisaje de borde de los cuerpos de agua en un lugar sensible, de calidad ambiental y con un contenido museológico que genera aprensión acerca de los problemas locales, así como de toda la sociedad. Una propuesta que toma como premisa la interdisciplinariedad, la apreciación de los residentes, destacando sus usos y costumbres, y la importancia de la memoria como formadora y transformadora de la identidad local, con una reflexión directa sobre el desarrollo social de la población misma.
Youth – Agents of Change? German Views on a Possible Paradigm Shift
Authors: Höring Patrik C.
Published: May 2024

Young people are traditionally seen as the future of church and society, as “agents of change.”1 In Europe one might be reminded of the fundamental change during the late 1960s, when mainly students formed demonstrations induced by the Vietnam war and the downsides of the bourgeois structures of society during the post ww ii-period. These experiences formed an image of youth that grounded research in sociology, psychology, and pedagogy for a long period of time and still seem to influence actual thinking and talking about youth. But is this view still appropriate? Are young people of today still “agents of change”? In the following, this image shall be contrasted with recent findings from Germany which indicate a change, a possible paradigm shift, regarding political interest, relations between generations and finally the role of youth ministry as a possible companion for young people in the middle of a changing society – and even the entire world – facing fundamental tasks.
A Comparative Analysis of “Surgery First” vs. “Endoscopy First” for Pediatric Choledocholithiasis Presenting at the End of the Week
Authors: Reid Garrett R. , Rauh Jessica L. , Laingen Bonnie E. , Azar Elizabeth A. , Wood Elizabeth C. , Sanin Gloria D. , Cambronero Gabriel E. , Bosley Maggie E. , Ganapathy Aravindh S. , Patterson James W. , Neff Lucas P.
Published: May 2024

Background

Choledocholithiasis in children is commonly managed with an “endoscopy first” (EF) strategy (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) under a separate anesthetic). Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography is limited at the end of the week (EoW). We hypothesize that a “surgery first” (SF) approach with LC, intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC), and possible laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) can decrease length of stay (LOS) and time to definitive intervention (TTDI).

Methods

This is a retrospective single-center cohort study conducted between 2018 and 2023 in pediatric patients with suspected choledocholithiasis. Work week (WW) presentation included admission between Monday and Thursday. Time to definitive intervention was defined as time to LC.

Results

88 pediatric patients were identified, 61 managed with SF (33 WW and 28 EoW) and 27 managed with EF (18 WW and 9 EoW). Both SF groups had shorter mean LOS for WW and EoW presentation (64.5 h, 92.4 h, 112.9 h, and 113.0 h; P < .05). There was a downtreading TTDI in the SF groups (SF: WW 24.7 h and EoW 21.7 h; EF: WW 31.7 h and EoW 35.9 h; P = .11). 44 patients underwent LCBDE with similar success rates (91.6% WW and 85% EoW; P = 1.0). All EF patients received 2 procedures; 69% of SF patients were definitively managed with one.

Conclusion

Children with choledocholithiasis at the EoW have a longer LOS and TTDI. These findings are amplified when children enter an EF treatment pathway. An SF approach results in shorter LOS with fewer procedures, regardless of the time of presentation.
Investigating of epoxy nanocomposites structure and properties that contain both pristine and aminosilane-treated silicon carbide (SiC) particles
Authors: Mostovoy Anton , Bekeshev Amirbek , Shcherbakov Andrey , Apendina Ainagul , Orynbassar Raigul , Svitkina Victoria , Lopukhova Marina
Published: May 2024

This article presents a methodology for functionalization of silicon carbide (SiC) through chemical modification using γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and its subsequent dispersion in an epoxy composition. The research revealed that functionalizing SiC particles with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (SiC(APTES)) enhanced their chemical compatibility with the epoxy composition, facilitating the dispersion of SiC particles. Furthermore, it was observed that the functionalization of the filler had a profound impact on the structure, curing kinetics, and physical and mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites. The addition of SiC(APTES) into the epoxy composition resulted in a significant reinforcement of the material. Specifically, the flexural stress and flexural modulus of elasticity increased by 179% and 74%, respectively, while the impact strength experienced a remarkable improvement of 462%. Additionally, the tensile strength and tensile modulus of elasticity increased by 83% and 70%, respectively, compared to the epoxy composite without SiC. The application of SiC(APTES) also played a crucial role in initiating the polymerization process through the involvement of reactive amino groups, leading to a reduction in the initial curing temperature and an amplification of the thermal effects of the polymerization reaction. Moreover, the presence of functionalized SiC significantly influenced the structure of the epoxy composite, thereby contributing to its enhanced strength. In summary, the inclusion of SiC in the epoxy composition not only bolstered the material but also improved its thermal stability.
Successful one-stage surgical repair in a rare adult patient with berry syndrome
Authors: Pan Sisi , Bai Jue , Wang Feng , Yang Siyuan , Hu Xuanyi , Peng Wanfu , Liang Guiyou
Published: May 2024

Background

Berry syndrome is a rare congenital cardiac malformation, herein we report an adult male patient who was successfully repaired by one-stage surgery.

Case Description

18-year-old male patient presenting symptoms of chest tightness and shortness for over a year presented to outpatient clinic in our department to have corrective procedure heart. CTA revealed an Aortopulmonary Window (APW) type III, measuring 4.6 cm in maximum diameter. The right pulmonary artery originated from the ascending aorta, and the pulmonary trunk exhibited dilation with dimensions of 8.3 cm × 5.7 cm × 5.9 cm. Additional findings included Interrupted Aortic Arch (IAA) type A, intact ventricular septum, and Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA). Echocardiography showed bidirectional shunt at the level of APW in severe pulmonary hypertension. The right heart catheterization indicated a mean pulmonary artery pressure of 70mmHg and a pulmonary artery resistance of 5 Wood units. We evaluated after two weeks of treatment with epoprostenol at a rate of 20 ng/(kg. min) and found a significant improvement in pulmonary-artery pressure. Finally, we communicated with the patient's family and decided to proceed with the procedure.

Conclusions

For complex cardiovascular malformations, the ideal treatment strategy must be tailored to the characteristics of the patient to provide maximum efficacy and safety.
Exploratory Study of Sustainability Practices in Worldwide Major Aircraft Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul Companies
Authors: Swastanto Gita Andhika , Johnson Mary E.
Published: May 2024

While sustainable aviation research has primarily focused on the airline industry, aircraft manufacturing, and airport responsibilities, the aircraft maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) industry’s contribution to achieving sustainable aviation goals has been overlooked. This study examines the approaches to corporate sustainability practices used by aircraft MRO companies worldwide. The methodology used to investigate the sustainability actions of major MRO companies globally was mainly based on observational data gathered from multiple data sources, such as environmental, social, and governance (ESG) and investor relations documents. Four companies out of the 13 major MRO companies whose sustainability reports were found are examined as a case study analysis. Each MRO company adopted different definitions and practices of sustainability. The findings show that the aircraft MRO sustainability definition varies among the major companies studied, but some commonalities can be used to develop a proposed definition. The authors propose that aircraft MRO sustainability be defined as the ability to conduct MRO business that positively affects all stakeholders while emphasizing safety, quality, and integrity values, using technology and innovation to make growth, and constantly stabilizing and/or diminishing the impact on the environment. This study contributes to the understanding of sustainable aviation by highlighting the role of MRO companies in achieving sustainable goals.
Beyond trade-offs: Exploring the changing interplay of public and private welfare provision in old age and health in the historical long-run
Authors: Horn Alexander , Kohl Sebastian
Published: May 2024

Modern welfare states compete with private providers of welfare in offering economic security. This is most evident in the case of pensions competing with life insurance and private pensions as well as of public health insurance competing with private insurance providers. The common view of this public–private relationship is one of a trade-off: longitudinally, political scientists describe how retrenchment was pushed by privatized welfare, whereas economists trace the crowding-out of private to public welfare provisions. Cross-sectionally, they claim that countries have lower public spending levels because they have a large private sector. We suggest a more nuanced view. Drawing on a new long-run panel data of public pension and private life insurance expenditures and contributions in 20 OECD countries since Bismarck to the current day, we show that in the postwar years a cross-sectional trade-off emerged, which then faded. Longitudinally, complementary relationships of public and private provision growth have become the norm. We argue theoretically and show empirically that trade-offs only occur if governments still hold (waning) anti-interventionist and pro-market views.
Credit Access Towards MSMEs:  An Investigation of Banker’s Perspectives
Authors: Nair Greeshma S. , Gopal Nikita
Published: May 2024

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), which are business activity units that run businesses in several fields, are vital for the economies of several countries. Credit access (CA) is regarded as an important matter for MSMEs’ growth in the development and sustainable growth of MSMEs. In the financial sectors, the government’s role via policies like augmenting MSMEs’ credit becomes completely significant. For evaluating CA towards MSMEs in Kerala, this study was developed. Analysing the challenges in accessing credit in MSMEs is the aim. For evaluating the outcomes, a simple random sampling methodology was deployed. In Kerala, the impact of credit knowledge was significant on MSMEs’ CA. As per the outcomes, a greater probability of augmenting loan access is engendered by the factor of challenges in attaining private equity funding and high lending interest rate.
Behavior of geometrically-similar Basalt FRP bars-reinforced concrete beams under dynamic torsional loads
Authors: Lei Yushuang , Jin Liu , Yu Wenxuan , Du Xiuli
Published: May 2024

A numerical model utilizing 3D mesoscale simulation methods was developed to investigate the influence of strain rate on the torsional performance of geometrically similar Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer bars-reinforced concrete (BFRP-RC) beams, as well as the corresponding size effects. The model incorporates concrete heterogeneity, material strain rate effects, and the dynamic bond-slip relationship between BFRP bars and concrete. The torsional performance of BFRP-RC beams with different structural sizes and stirrup ratios was analyzed under different strain rates. The study yielded the following findings: (1) The damage degree of BFRP-RC beams increases with the rising strain rate. (2) Increasing strain rate and stirrup ratio enhances the beams’ torsional strength and ductility while attenuating the size effect, albeit not eliminating it. (3) The impact of increasing strain rate on beam strength, ductility, and size effect outweighs that of increasing stirrup ratio. Finally, based on the Bažant size effect law (SEL) combined with the simulation results, a new size effect law was proposed that can quantitatively consider the effect of strain rate and stirrup ratio on the torsional strength of BFRP-RC beams.
Energy efficiency of ecological buildings in Tunisia: Natural fiber composites and passive strategies impact
Authors: Guesmi Hela , Soussi Meriem , Abbassi Fakhreddine , Adili Ali , Dehmani Leila
Published: May 2024

Improving the thermal insulation and energy efficiency of building envelopes is a major objective worldwide and has significantly developed in the recent years. This study aims to evaluate the impact of ecological additive and passive strategies on building energy efficiency. An experimental study was carried out to examine the effect of the incorporation of treated Alfa and Posidonia-Oceanica fibers on the thermal properties of cement and gypsum composite samples. The experimental results were then introduced in a numerical study using TRNSYS software to perform a comparison of the energy efficiency and thermal performance of three individual buildings; two ones constructed with our ecological materials and the third one with typical materials is considered as a reference case under the Tunisian climate. The obtained results indicate that the buildings built with Alfa fibers (BAF) and Posidonia-Oceanica fibers (BPOF) are economically effective since they allow a decrease of about 48.20% and 43.48% in heating, 45.71% and 42.77% in cooling, leading to a reduction in CO2 emission of 47.90% and 43.40%, respectively, in comparison with the reference case. The investigation also focuses on the improvement of the ecological building envelope by a storage wall integrated on the south front and shaded by solar movable overhangs during the summer season. The indoor climate results reveal that incorporating passive strategies into the building improves indoor air temperature and preserves a comfortable indoor relative humidity. Heating requirements decrease by 82.82% for BAF and by 79.76% for BPOF. The cooling requirements of the reference building are also reduced by 63.46% for BAF and 60.45% for BPOF by the use of natural night ventilation (4 ACH) and the appropriate shading for Trombe walls and windows. Consequently, the implementation of passive strategies on the ecological buildings led to a net reduction in CO2 emissions by up to 80.55% for BAF, compared to the reference case.
Exploring views of South African research ethics committees on pandemic preparedness and response during COVID-19
Authors: Burgess Theresa , Rennie Stuart , Moodley Keymanthri
Published: May 2024

South African research ethics committees (RECs) faced significant challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research ethics committees needed to find a balance between careful consideration of scientific validity and ethical merit of protocols, and review with the urgency normally associated with public health emergency research. We aimed to explore the views of South African RECs on their pandemic preparedness and response during COVID-19. We conducted in-depth interviews with 21 participants from RECs that were actively involved in the review of COVID-19 related research, at seven academic institutions across South Africa. Interviews were conducted remotely using an in-depth interview guide that included questions regarding REC preparedness and response to COVID-19. Interviews were conducted until data saturation, and audio-recordings were transcribed verbatim and coded. An inductive approach to thematic analysis was used to organise data into themes and sub-themes. This study focused on three main themes: coping during COVID-19, building REC capacity during pandemic times and a consistently cautious approach to mutual recognition of REC reviews. Despite an initial sense of unpreparedness, RECs were able to adapt and maintain careful ethical oversight of both COVID and non-COVID research, and the rigour of REC reviews. Several important lessons for preparedness and response to future pandemics were identified, including heightened awareness of publication, funding and political pressures, the importance of regular training for RECs and researchers, and strategies to enhance moral resilience of REC members. Incremental steps are needed to build trust and authentic partnerships among RECs in inter-pandemic times, to facilitate collaboration during future public health emergencies.
Gender and Age Differences in Using Apology Strategies in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Azraqi Munira Ali , Alqahtani Albandari Awad , Alfuhaid Dalal
Published: May 2024

Apology has been an important topic in personal relationship studies over the past three decades. This study is based on Sugimoto’s empirically derived characterization of apology strategies and explores how Saudis of both genders and of different ages use apology strategies to demonstrate their politeness. The study’s three main objectives were to identify the most commonly employed apology strategies and to determine the significance of gender and of age on how people used apology strategies. Data collection relied on the Multiple Discourse Completion Task Questionnaire, which contains questions about different real-life scenarios and multiple answers that measure the use of apology strategies. It was distributed to 102 female and 93 male participants of different ages (between 18 and 50). The study established that the most used apology strategies are self-blame and then compensation, while the least used are blaming the victim and asking the victim not to be angry. The rest of the apology strategies occur at different frequencies. The study also found that women use apology strategies significantly more than men do. Women tend to use thanking, lack of intent, asking for forgiveness, and asking the victim not to be angry, whereas men use compensation, avoiding the victim, blaming the victim, promising not to repeat, and offending the victim more than women do. In addition, the study found significant differences in which apology strategies people of different ages used.
Freeprotmap: waiting-free prediction method for protein distance map
Authors: Huang Jiajian , Li Jinpeng , Chen Qinchang , Wang Xia , Chen Guangyong , Tang Jin
Published: May 2024

Background

Protein residue–residue distance maps are used for remote homology detection, protein information estimation, and protein structure research. However, existing prediction approaches are time-consuming, and hundreds of millions of proteins are discovered each year, necessitating the development of a rapid and reliable prediction method for protein residue–residue distances. Moreover, because many proteins lack known homologous sequences, a waiting-free and alignment-free deep learning method is needed.

Result

In this study, we propose a learning framework named FreeProtMap. In terms of protein representation processing, the proposed group pooling in FreeProtMap effectively mitigates issues arising from high-dimensional sparseness in protein representation. In terms of model structure, we have made several careful designs. Firstly, it is designed based on the locality of protein structures and triangular inequality distance constraints to improve prediction accuracy. Secondly, inference speed is improved by using additive attention and lightweight design. Besides, the generalization ability is improved by using bottlenecks and a neural network block named local microformer. As a result, FreeProtMap can predict protein residue–residue distances in tens of milliseconds and has higher precision than the best structure prediction method.

Conclusion

Several groups of comparative experiments and ablation experiments verify the effectiveness of the designs. The results demonstrate that FreeProtMap significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in accurate protein residue–residue distance prediction, which is beneficial for lots of protein research works. It is worth mentioning that we could scan all proteins discovered each year based on FreeProtMap to find structurally similar proteins in a short time because the fact that the structure similarity calculation method based on distance maps is much less time-consuming than algorithms based on 3D structures.
Improving plant adaptation to soil antimony contamination: the synergistic contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and olive mill waste
Authors: Albqmi Mha , Selim Samy , Bouqellah Nahla Alsayd , Alnusaire Taghreed S. , Almuhayawi Mohammed S. , Al Jaouni Soad K. , Hussein Shaimaa , Warrad Mona , Al-Sanea Mohammad M. , Abdelgawad Mohamed A. , Mostafa Ehab M. , Aldilami Mohammad , Ahmed Enas S. , AbdElgawad Hamada
Published: May 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate the alterations in biochemical and physiological responses of oat plants exposed to antimony (Sb) contamination in soil. Specifically, we evaluated the effectiveness of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and olive mill waste (OMW) in mitigating the effects of Sb contamination. The soil was treated with a commercial strain of AMF (Rhizophagus irregularis) and OMW (4% w/w) under two different levels of Sb (0 and 1500 mg kg−1 soil).

Results

The combined treatment (OMW + AMF) enhanced the photosynthetic rate (+ 40%) and chlorophyll a (+ 91%) and chlorophyll b (+ 50%) content under Sb condition, which in turn induced more biomass production (+ 67–78%) compared to the contaminated control plants. More photosynthesis in OMW + AMF-treated plants gives a route for phenylalanine amino acid synthesis (+ 69%), which is used as a precursor for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids (+ 110%), polyphenols (+ 26%), and anthocyanins (+ 63%) compared to control plants. More activation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (+ 38%) and chalcone synthase (+ 26%) enzymes in OMW + AMF-treated plants under Sb stress indicated the activation of phenylpropanoid pathways in antioxidant metabolites biosynthesis. There was also improved shifting of antioxidant enzyme activities in the ASC/GSH and catalytic pathways in plants in response to OMW + AMF and Sb contamination, remarkably reducing oxidative damage markers.

Conclusions

While individual applications of OMW and AMF also demonstrated some degree of plant tolerance induction, the combined presence of AMF with OMW supplementation significantly enhanced plant biomass production and adaptability to oxidative stress induced by soil Sb contamination.
Protocol implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic: experiences from a randomized trial of stress ulcer prophylaxis
Authors: Dennis Brittany , Deane Adam , Lauzier François , Zytaruk Nicole , Hardie Miranda , Hammond Naomi , Finfer Simon , Arabi Yaseen , Marshall John , Saunders Lois , Heels-Ansdell Diane , Myburgh John , Knowles Serena , Muscedere John , Ostermann Marlies , Rajbhandari Dorrilyn , English Shane , Matic Karlo , Venkatesh Bala , Al Fares Abdulrahman , Guyatt Gordon , Alhazzani Waleed , Mumtaz Hassan , Poole Alexis , Xie Feng , Thabane Lehana , Hall Richard , Cook Deborah
Published: May 2024

Background

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many intensive care units (ICUs) halted research to focus on COVID-19-specific studies.

Objective

To describe the conduct of an international randomized trial of stress ulcer prophylaxis (Re-Evaluating the Inhibition of Stress Erosions in the ICU [REVISE]) during the pandemic, addressing enrolment patterns, center engagement, informed consent processes, data collection, a COVID-specific substudy, patient transfers, and data monitoring.

Methods

REVISE is a randomized trial among mechanically ventilated patients, comparing pantoprazole 40 mg IV to placebo on the primary efficacy outcome of clinically important upper gastrointestinal bleeding and the primary safety outcome of 90-day mortality. We documented protocol implementation status from March 11th 2020-August 30th 2022.

Results

The Steering Committee did not change the scientific protocol. From the first enrolment on July 9th 2019 to March 10th 2020 (8 months preceding the pandemic), 267 patients were enrolled in 18 centers. From March 11th 2020-August 30th 2022 (30 months thereafter), 41 new centers joined; 59 were participating by August 30th 2022 which enrolled 2961 patients. During a total of 1235 enrolment-months in the pandemic phase, enrolment paused for 106 (8.6%) months in aggregate (median 3 months, interquartile range 2;6). Protocol implementation involved a shift from the a priori consent model pre-pandemic (188, 58.8%) to the consent to continue model (1615, 54.1%, p < 0.01). In one new center, an opt-out model was approved. The informed consent rate increased slightly (80.7% to 85.0%, p = 0.05). Telephone consent encounters increased (16.6% to 68.2%, p < 0.001). Surge capacity necessitated intra-institutional transfers; receiving centers continued protocol implementation whenever possible. We developed a nested COVID-19 substudy. The Methods Centers continued central statistical monitoring of trial metrics. Site monitoring was initially remote, then in-person when restrictions lifted.

Conclusion

Protocol implementation adaptations during the pandemic included a shift in the consent model, a sustained high consent rate, and launch of a COVID-19 substudy. Recruitment increased as new centers joined, patient transfers were optimized, and monitoring methods were adapted.
Barriers, facilitators and needs to deprescribe benzodiazepines and other sedatives in older adults: a mixed methods study of primary care provider perspectives
Authors: Hürlimann Orlando , Alers Daphne , Hauri Noël , Leist Pascal , Schneider Claudio , Bolt Lucy , Rodondi Nicolas , Aubert Carole E.
Published: May 2024

Background

Benzodiazepines and other sedative hypnotic drugs (BSHs) are frequently prescribed for sleep problems, but cause substantial adverse effects, particularly in older adults. Improving knowledge on barriers, facilitators and needs of primary care providers (PCPs) to BSH deprescribing could help reduce BSH use and thus negative effects.

Methods

We conducted a mixed methods study (February-May 2023) including a survey, semi-structured interviews and focus groups with PCPs in Switzerland. We assessed barriers, facilitators and needs of PCPs to BSH deprescribing. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, qualitative data deductively and inductively using the Theoretical Domain Framework (TDF). Quantitative and qualitative data were integrated using meta-interferences.

Results

The survey was completed by 126 PCPs (53% female) and 16 PCPs participated to a focus group or individual interview. The main barriers to BSH deprescribing included patient and PCP lack of knowledge on BSH effects and side effects, lack of PCP education on treatment of sleep problems and BSH deprescribing, patient lack of motivation, PCP lack of time, limited access to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia and absence of public dialogue on BSHs. Facilitators included informing on side effects to motivate patients to discontinue BSHs and start of deprescribing during a hospitalization. Main PCP needs were practical recommendations for pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of sleep problems and deprescribing schemes. Patient brochures were wished by 69% of PCPs. PCPs suggested the brochures to contain explanations about risks and benefits of BSHs, sleep hygiene and sleep physiology, alternative treatments, discontinuation process and tapering schemes.

Conclusion

The barriers and facilitators as well as PCP needs and opinions on patient material we identified can be used to develop PCP training and material on BSH deprescribing, which could help reduce the inappropriate use of BSHs for sleep problems.
Early sleep intervention for improving infant sleep quality: a randomized controlled trial, preliminary result
Authors: Sinthong Auraya , Ngernlangtawee Dussadee
Published: May 2024

Background

Healthy sleep issues should provide to family within first 6 months of infant’s life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of early sleep intervention on nighttime sleep quality.

Methods

Eligible infants aged 4 months ± 2 weeks were randomized to receive early sleep intervention or usual care. Data on sleep variables were obtained via parental interview at baseline and 6 months of age. Using logistic regression to analyze the efficacy of early sleep intervention.

Results

At baseline, 335 eligible infants were enrolled and randomized. In total, 306 participants were final analyzed: early sleep intervention group (n = 148) and the usual care group (n = 158). The early sleep intervention group had a significantly longer nighttime sleep duration and a shorter night waking duration than the usual care group (585.20 ± 80.38 min vs. 496.14 ± 87.78 min, p < .001 and 61.01 ± 36.38 min vs. 89.72 ± 45.54 min, p < .001). At 6 months of age, the early sleep intervention group had a longer night sleep duration (≥ 4 h/time) than the usual care group (adjusted odds ratio: 2.39, 95% confidence interval: 1.34–4.28).

Conclusions

Early sleep intervention should be recommended to infants at 4 months of age as a part of well childcare to improve infant sleep quality.

Trial Registration

Thai Clinical Trials Registry (thaiclinicaltrial.org). Retrospective registered TCTR20230117001 (17/01/2023).
Evaluation of an online arts-based platform to support the health and well-being of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Sutherland Justin , Herrington Isabella , Makarski Julie , Tindall Jennifer , Hynes Mary , Kastner Monika
Published: May 2024

Objectives

The objective of this study was to conduct a formative evaluation of the Art Your Service (AYS) arts-based program to determine the program’s potential for improving the social and physical well-being of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design, settings and participants

An online questionnaire was administered to the AYS members who consented to be invited to participate in the study. Questionnaire items consisted of a Likert scale and open-ended questions delivered using an online platform (SurveyMonkey). Participants provided feedback on their perceptions and experiences of the AYS program, such as its impact on their health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, the benefits and challenges of participating, and any suggestions for program improvement.

Outcome measures and analysis

Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, means with standard deviations), and open-ended questions (qualitative data) were analyzed using content analysis. Outcomes included participant demographics, perceptions about the program, usability (System Usability Scale [SUS]), eHealth literacy (eHealth Literacy Scale), and social isolation (Lubben Social Network Scale; LSNS-6).

Results

Program participants revealed consistent patterns of their perceptions and experiences about the program, including a high satisfaction rate (95%) and a perceived positive impact on participants’ health and well-being. The program sessions were perceived to be a well-organized, convenient, and safe way to engage with one another socially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The program usability was also perceived to be high (SUS mean score 86.2). Participants felt a sense of connectedness and had reduced feelings of social isolation. Most participants (75%) reported that the program improved their physical health.

Conclusions

Findings from this formative evaluation study identified key strengths and opportunities to improve the Art Your Service arts-based program, which can be used to help enhance the program’s functioning and long-term sustainability potential.
Associated factors of periodontitis and predicted study among young man in China: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Wen Xiaohui , Li Hui , Li Shiting , Chang Bei , Chen Shichao , Li Hongcai , Liu Caixia , Li Guangwen
Published: May 2024

Background

Periodontitis represents the foremost oral condition in young men, strongly correlated with socioeconomic elements and oral health behaviors. This research aimed to assess the prevalence of periodontitis and associated associations with socio-demographics and oral health practices for subsequent Hazard Ratio (HR) estimation.

Methods

A total of 46,476 young men were recruited to the study between August 2022 and October 2023. A questionnaire on socio-demographic factors and oral health-related behaviors related to periodontitis was completed. The standard procedure was used for oral examination. Logistic regression and hazard ratios were used to estimate the influencing factors, whereas the nomogram was used to predict the risk of periodontitis in young men.

Results

A total of 46,476 young men were surveyed and completed the questionnaire. The overall prevalence of periodontitis among young men was 1.74%. Out of these, 1.7% had mild periodontitis and 0.6% had moderate periodontitis. Age and dental calculus were important factors in the periodontal health of young men. This nomogram, which includes 7 easily obtainable clinical characteristics routinely collected during periodontitis risk assessment, provides clinicians with a user-friendly tool to assess the risk of periodontal disease in young men.

Conclusions

Regular dental prophylaxis is crucial for young men to maintain their gingival health and prevent the onset of periodontitis. Dental calculus plays a prominent role in this matter, as it serves as a significant contributing factor.
The impact of nursing interventions on the rehabilitation outcome of patients after lumbar spine surgery
Authors: Liang Jun , Wang Liyan , Song Jialu , Zhao Yu , Zhang Keyan , Zhang Xia , Hu Cailing , Tian Dong
Published: May 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate the impact of nursing interventions on the rehabilitation outcomes of patients after lumbar spine surgery and to provide effective references for future postoperative care for patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery.

Methods

The study included two groups: a control group receiving routine care and an observation group receiving additional comprehensive nursing care. The comprehensive care encompassed postoperative rehabilitation, pain, psychological, dietary management, and discharge planning. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Short-Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey, self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) were used to assess physiological and psychological recovery. Blood albumin, haemoglobin, neutrophil counts, white blood cell counts, red blood cell counts, inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ) were measured, and the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions was also recorded.

Results

Patients in the observation group exhibited significantly improved VAS, ODI, SF-36, SDS and SAS scores assessments post-intervention compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, levels of IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ were more favorable in the observation group post-intervention (P < 0.05), indicating a reduction in inflammatory response. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions between the groups (P > 0.05), suggesting that the comprehensive nursing interventions did not increase the risk of adverse effects.

Conclusion

Comprehensive nursing interventions have a significant impact on the postoperative recovery outcomes of patients with LSS, alleviating pain, reducing inflammation levels, and improving the overall quality of patient recovery without increasing the patient burden. Therefore, in clinical practice, it is important to focus on comprehensive nursing interventions for patients with LSS to improve their recovery outcomes and quality of life.
Identification of key eRNAs for intervertebral disc degeneration by integrated multinomial bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Li Yongai , Huang Runzhi , Ye Jianxin , Han Xiaying , Meng Tong , Song Dianwen , Yin Huabin
Published: May 2024

Background

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common degenerative condition leading to abnormal stress distribution under load, causing intervertebral stenosis, facet joint degeneration, and foraminal stenosis. Very little is known about the molecular mechanism of eRNAs in IVDD.

Methods

Gene expression profiles of 38 annulus disc samples composed of 27 less degenerated discs (LDs) and 11 more degenerated discs (MDs) were retrieved from the GEO database. Then, differentially expressed enhancer RNAs (DEeRNAs), differentially expressed target genes (DETGs), and differentially expressed transcription factors (DETFs), hallmark of cancer signalling pathways according to GSVA; the types and quantity of immune cells according to CIBERSORT; and immune gene sets according to ssGSEA were analysed to construct an IVDD-related eRNA network. Then, multidimensional validation was performed to explore the interactions among DEeRNAs, DETFs and DEGs in space.

Results

A total of 53 components, 14 DETGs, 15 DEeRNAs, 3 DETFs, 5 immune cells, 9 hallmarks, and 7 immune gene sets, were selected to construct the regulatory network. After validation by online multidimensional databases, 21 interactive DEeRNA-DEG-DETF axes related to IVDD exacerbation were identified, among which the C1S-CTNNB1-CHD4 axis was the most significant.

Conclusion

Based upon the results of our study, we theorize that the C1S-CTNNB1-CHD4 axis plays a vital role in IVDD exacerbation. Specifically, C1S recruits CTNNB1 and upregulates the expression of CHD4 in IVDD, and subsequently, CHD4 suppresses glycolysis and activates oxidative phosphorylation, thus generating insoluble collagen fibre deposits and leading to the progression of IVDD. Overall, these DEeRNAs could comprise promising therapeutic targets for IVDD due to their high tissue specificity.
Effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy for rotator cuff tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xue Xiali , Song Qingfa , Yang Xinwei , Kuati Amila , Fu Hao , Liu Yulei , Cui Guoqing
Published: May 2024

Background

Rotator cuff tendinopathy (RCT) is a widespread musculoskeletal disorder and a primary cause of shoulder pain and limited function. The resulting pain and limited functionality have a detrimental impact on the overall quality of life. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) for RCT.

Methods

The literature search was conducted on the following databases from inception to February 20, 2024: PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were checked to identify the potential studies exploring the effect of ESWT for the treatment of Rotator cuff tendinopathy (Calcification or non-calcification), control group for sham, other treatments (including placebo), without restriction of date, language. Two researchers independently screened literature, extracted data, evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies, and performed meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3 software.

Results

A total of 16 RCTs with 1093 patients were included. The results showed that compared with the control group, ESWT for pain score Visual Analogue Scale/Score (VAS) (SMD = -1.95, 95% CI -2.47, -1.41, P < 0.00001), function score Constant-Murley score (CMS) (SMD = 1.30, 95% CI 0.67, 1.92, P < 0.00001), University of California Los Angeles score (UCLA) (SMD = 2.69, 95% CI 1.64, 3.74, P < 0.00001), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons form (ASES) (SMD = 1.29, 95% CI 0.93, 1.65, P < 0.00001), Range of motion (ROM) External rotation (SMD = 1.00, 95% CI 0.29, 1.72, P = 0.02), Total effective rate (TER) (OR = 3.64, 95% CI 1.85, 7.14, P = 0.0002), the differences in the above results were statistically significant. But ROM-Abduction (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI -0.22, 1.66, P = 0.13), the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Currently limited evidence suggests that, compared with the control group, ESWT can provide better pain relief, functional recovery, and maintenance of function in patients with RCT.