bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-Resource-Aware GPU Shared Dynamic Resource Scheduling
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Qian , Lyu Ting , Xu Haitao
Published: July 2024

Distributed machine learning is an effective method to solve the problem of large-scale data sets and complex model training, but it also faces challenges such as low resource utilization and low training efficiency. In order to improve these problems, this paper proposes a multi-resource-aware GPU shared dynamic resource scheduling scheme. This solution can dynamically allocate appropriate GPU resources to tasks based on the resource requirements of the task and the resource status of the cluster, maximizing the resource difference between tasks and maximizing resource utilization. This solution uses the hypergraph maximum power matching algorithm and the KM algorithm to solve the task merging and task allocation problems, and combines GPU exclusive scheduling and GPU shared scheduling to improve training efficiency. Through simulation experiments, this article verifies that this solution can significantly shorten the average completion time of machine learning tasks compared with the traditional GPU exclusive scheduling solution. The research in this article has important significance and potential impact on improving the performance and efficiency of distributed machine learning.
Performance Investigating of Several Classical Edge Detection Operator for Segmentation
Authors: Sun Lei , Shakhor Shariar
Published: July 2024

Edge detection is an important method in digital image segmentation. It also plays an important role in various research fields. It can obtain the important structural attributes of the object, greatly reduce the amount of the data of the source image. This article mainly studies the basic theory of edge detection and commonly used classical operators such as: Sobel, prewitt, Roberts, Laplacian of Gaussian (Log) and Canny operators. Then do experimental research on each operator and analyze the corresponding experimental results. Especially for the common Canny operator, the paper do a research of automatic threshold improvement based on the Otsu algorithm, and compare and analyze the processing effects between the original canny and the improvement. The experimental results of this article verify the characteristics of theoretical analysis and provide rich learning and reference materials for subsequent researchers.
Research on High-Accuracy Polyphonic Music Recognition Algorithm Based on Long Short-Term Memory
Authors: Zhan Shubo
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to enhance polyphonic music audio recognition by addressing the challenge of low resolution. It proposes a new method that uses time-frequency spectrograms for improved recognition of polyphonic music. The method focuses on extracting the main melody and other elements in polyphonic pieces, significantly increasing pitch resolution beyond traditional semitone identification methods. The process begins with using a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network to create the musical signal’s time-frequency spectrogram. An adaptive edge distortion processing technique is then applied to binarize the spectrogram, reducing note edge distortions. This binarized spectrogram undergoes analysis using a sophisticated Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm, which converts transformations from discrete to continuous domains, achieving accurate note placement. Finally, a density-based clustering algorithm (DBSCAN) combined with fundamental frequency extraction is used to extract musical information. The results demonstrate the algorithm’s ability to deliver high resolution in both time and frequency dimensions for polyphonic music, with an average frequency domain error below 6 Hz and a temporal error under 80 ms.
Investigating Critical Thinking Skills in Debate Class through the Use of the Case Method
Authors: Dewangga Defian Adhitya , Rosadi Imron , Muna Nayla May , Indriani Lilia
Published: July 2024

Classroom debates serve as a pedagogical tool to enhance students' critical thinking skills. This study investigates classroom debate and case studies as tools to augment students' critical thinking abilities. There are still many students whose critical thinking is still lacking in daily life and in supporting their education. With this debate class, students can improve their critical thinking because they are faced with a case study that students must solve. It explores the significance of critical thinking in education and classroom debates' role in fostering critical thinking, oral communication, and independent learning. The research conducted for this study employed descriptive qualitative research methods to investigate the impact of classroom debates on students' critical thinking skills. Participants came from Tidar University students who had previously attended debate classes in the 3rd and 4th semesters. The sample we processed the data from was 31 participants. The findings indicate that the debate sessions have substantially improved students' thinking abilities, as demonstrated by their enhanced capacity to identify assumptions, evaluate pertinent and coherent evidence, and identify logical fallacies in arguments. Case method in debate class also helps students to support problem-solving skills that can improve their critical thinking ability. Furthermore, this article proposes incorporating case study activities within debates to enhance students' critical thinking skills further, ultimately benefiting them in their academic pursuits.
Beyond the Barriers: Institutional Strength as a Shield in Curbing Earnings Manipulation
Authors: Martens Wil
Published: July 2024

This research examines the interplay between institutional frameworks, social capital, and financial reporting practices in emerging economies. Utilizing data from [2,509] corporations across [22] developing nations spanning [2000-2017], we explore the determinants shaping these markets’ financial landscapes. Our investigation scrutinizes how regulatory oversight, transparency mandates, shareholder protections, and financial analyst coverage influence the financial integrity of emerging markets. Furthermore, we assess the potential of societal trust as a moderating factor in attenuating economic disparities’ effects. Our findings underscore the critical role of robust institutional structures in fostering truthful and transparent financial disclosures. However, societal trust alone proves insufficient in this regard. These results emphasize the necessity for well-established formal institutions to safeguard the veracity and reliability of corporate financial communications. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing empirical evidence on the nexus between institutional environments, social trust, and the prevalence of earnings management. It offers valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners seeking to enhance corporate governance standards, particularly within the context of developing economies.
4-H Livestock Judging: Activity 1, Parts is Parts
Authors: Carr Chad , Crosswhite Justin , Jhonson Amanda
Published: July 2024

This document is an educational guide. It serves as a curriculum resource within the Florida 4-H program, specifically designed for teaching livestock judging to young people aged 11-18. The guide emphasizes the development of various life skills through judging activities, such as communication, decision making, and organizational skills, while also aiming to boost confidence and self-esteem among participants.The document is intended for 4-H leaders and coaches, providing encouragement and guidance for those who may lack extensive background knowledge in animal science. It highlights the importance of animal science within the Florida 4-H educational framework and underscores the positive impact of livestock judging programs on youth development. The guide also aims to reassure and support potential leaders, emphasizing that successful programs can be led effectively without requiring advanced subject matter expertise. Original publication date November 1992.
Tillage and Overseeding Pastures for Winter Forage Production in North Florida
Authors: Wright D. L. , Blount A.R. , George S. , Small I. M.
Published: July 2024

This study evaluates tillage and overseeding practices to enhance winter forage production in North Florida. Despite the region's mild winter, warm-season perennial forages offer limited grazing during late fall and winter months. The research explores planting winter forages on prepared seedbeds for earlier establishment and grazing compared to overseeding into perennial grasses. Early-maturing varieties like oats, wheat, and rye are recommended to meet critical forage needs. The study also discusses challenges and strategies for overseeding pastures dominated by bahiagrass or bermudagrass, emphasizing the need for appropriate tillage methods to reduce competition. Practical recommendations are provided for optimizing winter forage production and ensuring sustainable livestock enterprises. Document first published in May 2002.
CNN Brain Label-Maker: Computer Vision Based ICA Rejection EEG based System Architecture
Authors: ElSayed Zag , Suer Nathan , Westerkamp Grace , Liu Jack Yanchen , Miyakoshi Makoto , Erickson Craig , Pedapati Ernie
Published: July 2024

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a practical and reasonably applied tool for researching brain disorders and behavior changes. EEG offers a minimally restricted and non-invasive method, where the significant difficulties in utilizing EEG in studies on cognitive development are in the temporal resolution, the outbound signal sources, and the EEG Artifacts. Making an informed judgment about the application of EEG technology requires careful consideration of these factors. Independent component analysis (ICA) has been demonstrated to isolate the various source generator processes underlying simultaneously recorded signals from multiple, near-adjacent EEG scalp electrode channels. ICs generated by ICA decomposition must be manually inspected, chosen, and interpreted, but this process takes time and experience. Automated IC category classification of ICs can be achieved sufficiently accurately, which expedites the analysis of large-scale EEG research and permits the use of ICA decomposition in near-real-time applications. At the same time, for many such classifiers, the next step of Brain activity rejection is necessary for medical specialists. Thus, this work presents an automated convolution neural network-based brain activity labeling for ICA rejection using the data from the well-used and widely utilized by neurologists and Scientists such as ICLabel MATLAB, EEGLab tools, etc. Replacing the manual task via an atoms system, which makes the proposed system reduces the processing time by 7200x and accuracy of 89.45%. The proposed system was trained, verified, and tested using CCHMC clinical data, using a 128-channel HydroCel electrode net (Magstim EGI, Eugene, OR) and an EGI NetAmp 400 at a 1000Hz sampling rate.
Sharing Accountability of Versatile AI Systems: The Role of Developers and Practitioners
Authors: Lee Changhyun , Kwon Hun Yeong , Cha Kyung Jin
Published: July 2024

AI systems pose both opportunities and threats in various industries. To harness these opportunities and mitigate risks, accountability is crucial. Traditionally, developers bear the responsibility for auditing and modifying algorithms. How-ever, in the evolving landscape of versatile AI, developers may lack contextual understanding across diverse fields. This paper proposes a theoretical framework that distributes accountability to developers and practitioners according to their capabilities. This framework enhances systemic com-prehension of shared roles, empowering both groups to col-laboratively avert potential adverse impacts.
War of Words: Harnessing the Potential of Large Language Models and Retrieval Augmented Generation to Classify, Counter and Diffuse Hate Speech
Authors: Rohan Leekha  , Olga Simek  , Charlie Dagli
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the emergence of divergent narratives in the wake of the Russian-Ukraine war, which began on February 24, 2022, and the innovative application of AI language models, specifically RetrievalAugmented Generation (RAG) and instruction-based large language models (LLMs), in countering hateful speech on social media. We design a pipeline to automatically discover and then respond to hateful content trending on social media platforms. Monitoring via traditional topic/narrative modeling often focuses on lowlevel content, which is difficult to interpret. In addition, workflows for prioritization and response generation are often highly manual. We utilize several large language models (LLMs) throughout our pipeline to detect and summarize topics, to determine whether tweets contain hate speech and to generate counter narratives. We test our approach on Ukraine Bio-Lab Tweet Corpus of 500k Tweets and evaluate the counter-narrative generation performance across several dimensions: relevance, grammaticality, factuality, and diversity. Our approach outperforms existing state of the art algorithms for hate speech detection and promising counter-narrative generation performance scores across our metrics reflect effectiveness of our pipeline in addressing hateful social media posts
Using LLMs for Augmenting Hierarchical Agents with Common Sense Priors
Authors: Prakash Bharat , Oates Tim , Mohsenin Tinoosh
Published: July 2024

Solving long-horizon, temporally-extended tasks using Reinforcement Learning (RL) is challenging, compounded by the common practice of learning without prior knowledge (or tabula rasa learning). Humans can generate and execute plans with temporally-extended actions and quickly learn to perform new tasks because we almost never solve problems from scratch. We want autonomous agents to have this same ability. Recently, LLMs have been shown to encode a tremendous amount of knowledge about the world and to perform impressive in-context learning and reasoning. However, using LLMs to solve real world problems is hard because they are not grounded in the current task. In this paper we exploit the planning capabilities of LLMs while using RL to provide learning from the environment, resulting in a hierarchical agent that uses LLMs to solve long-horizon tasks. Instead of completely relying on LLMs, they guide a high-level policy, making learning significantly more sample efficient. This approach is evaluated in simulation environments such as MiniGrid, SkillHack, and Crafter, and on a real robot arm in block manipulation tasks. We show that agents trained using our approach outperform other baselines methods and, once trained, don't need access to LLMs during deployment.
Exploring AI Ethics Syllabi Through NLP Cluster Analysis
Authors: Hooper Kerrie , Lunn Stephanie
Published: July 2024

With new technology comes new responsibilities. Examining AI through an ethical lens has become increasingly important and significant. Numerous professional organizations, such as IEEE have developed AI ethics guidelines. Additionally, academia is essential for fostering innovation and developing gifted people who work in both the ethical and technical spheres. Academia prepares students to be culturally responsive, have a collaborative mindset with interdisciplinary skills, and be aware of equity issues and other social problems that plague society. To assess the content in academia, a Natural Language Processing (NLP) analysis of AI ethics syllabi at the university level was conducted. A total of 45 AI ethics syllabi that are publicly available and online were used in this study. Some important features captured from each syllabus are the course description, topics, department, and year. Using various NLP tools for analysis, a general exploration of AI ethics curricula was conducted. Through supervised and unsupervised clustering and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) analysis, various patterns in the contents of the AI ethics syllabus were found. Some of these include patterns from syllabi across various academic departments and the pre-post Chat-GPT era. This study is insightful as it acts as a baseline for investigating various AI ethics topics that converge across academic departments, as well as uncovering potential gaps in AI ethics syllabus contents.
Constraint Composite Graph-Based Weighted CSP Solvers: An Empirical Study
Authors: Rillo Orazio , Kumar T. K. Satish
Published: July 2024

The Weighted Constraint Satisfaction Problem (WCSP) is a very expressive framework for optimization problems. The Constraint Composite Graph (CCG) is a graphical representation of a given (Boolean) WCSP that facilitates its reduction to a Minimum Weighted Vertex Cover (MWVC) problem by introducing intelligently chosen auxiliary variables. It also enables kernelization: a maxflow procedure used to fix the optimal values of a subset of the variables before initiating search. In this paper, we present some CCG-based WCSP solvers and compare their performance against toulbar2, a state-of-the-art WCSP solver, on a variety of benchmark instances. We also study the effectiveness of kernelization.
Causal Unit Selection using Tractable Arithmetic Circuits
Authors: Huang Haiying , Darwiche Adnan
Published: July 2024

The unit selection problem aims to find objects, called units, that optimize a causal objective function which describes the objects' behavior in a causal context (e.g., selecting customers who are about to churn but would most likely change their mind if encouraged). While early studies focused mainly on bounding a specific class of counterfactual objective functions using data, more recent work allows one to find optimal units exactly by reducing the causal objective to a classical objective on a meta-model, and then applying a variant of the classical Variable Elimination (VE) algorithm to the meta-model---assuming a fully specified causal model is available. In practice, however, finding optimal units using this approach can be very expensive because the used VE algorithm must be exponential in the constrained treewidth of the meta-model, which is larger and denser than the original model. We address this computational challenge by introducing a new approach for unit selection that is not necessarily limited by the constrained treewidth. This is done through compiling the meta-model into a special class of tractable arithmetic circuits that allows the computation of optimal units in time linear in the circuit size. We finally present empirical results on random causal models that show order-of-magnitude speedups based on the proposed method for solving unit selection.
Financial Distress Analysis of Top 100 Malaysian Public Listed Companies during COVID-19 Pandemic using Altman Z-Score Analysis
Authors: Hashim Marshita , Muhammad Kamaruzzaman , Ghani Erlana K. , Abd Azis Maz Ainy
Published: July 2024

The outbreaks of the COVID-19 pandemic at the beginning of 2020 have led to considerable economic pressure worldwide, including in Malaysia. The Malaysian government has issued a series of Movement Control Orders (MCOs) requiring companies in most sectors to be closed to the public, with the exception of essential services and certain sectors. The objective of this study is to analyse whether there is a difference in the financial distress of Malaysian companies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic by using the Altman Z-score method. In this study, the annual reports of 83 different companies from 2017 to 2019 and the post-pandemic period (2020 to 2021) were analysed. This study shows that the global COVID-19 pandemic scenario has a significant impact on the logistics and transport sectors, the consumer goods market, and the manufacturing sector. A significant number of companies have been shaken and are now struggling with difficult circumstances as a direct result of the COVID-19 outbreak. This study also shows that almost half of the companies face the possibility of going bankrupt within this period. Surprisingly, there are companies that seem to have improved their performance despite the widespread COVID-19 epidemic. The findings of this study can provide valuable insights for regulators looking to develop strategies to help listed companies cope with future pandemic-related problems.
Особенности речевого поведения казахстанской молодежи: социолингвистический и психолингвистический аспекты исследования
Authors: Анищенко О.А. , Жаркынбекова Ш.К.
Published: July 2024

В статье рассматривается речевое поведение современной казахстанской молодежи с точки зрения социо- и психолингвистики.Даются различные трактовки понятия «речевое поведение», обосновываетсяактуальность его исследования. Аргументируется значимость изучениясоциолингвистического портрета казахстанской молодежи, его составляющих.Авторы статьи выявляют отраженные в речевом поведении казахстанскоймолодежи тенденции (толерантность, поликультурность, идентификация,стремление к знанию языков, своеобразное словотворчество и др.), характерныечерты менталитета. Подчеркивается создание в Казахстане в кругу молодежиособой коммуникативной среды. Результаты исследования иллюстрируютсябогатым лингвистическим материалом, среди источников которого важноеместо занимают научная и публицистическая литература, материалы интернет-сайтов, многолетних наблюдений за живым речевым общением молодых людей нашей страны. Задачи исследования требовали использования комплексногоподхода к анализу собранного материала и его социолингвистической ипсихолингвистической интерпретации.
PROBLEMS OF EFFICIENCY OF ENTERPRISES IN THE AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY
Authors: Kryvetskyi Ihor ,   Eco Farm Edem LLC
Published: July 2024

The article examines specific problems of the activity of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine. It is noted that having such a significant potential for development, the agro-industrial complex faces a number of systemic problems that become obstacles to further innovative development in the conditions of the globalization of the world. Among them are highlighted: insufficiently effective modernization of material means of production, imperfection of financial and credit policy, destabilizing factors of a legislative nature, instability of the world economy, etc. It was determined that the diversity of forms of management, many different forms of ownership of land and other means of production are among the specific features of modern agriculture in Ukraine. The sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex in market relations requires investment activity, the ability of enterprises to attract the necessary financial and material resources on favorable terms. It is investment that ultimately determines economic growth and the state of the economy. The level of efficiency of investments is directly dependent on the sources of their financing. The lowest level of efficiency is observed for preferential investment loans. Comparatively, the best economic results are achieved when financing investments from the state budget. An important factor in increasing the efficiency of agriculture is the expansion of the reproduction process, the implementation of the achievements of scientific and technical progress, the implementation of assessment methods and technologies for managing risk factors that affect the development of the enterprise. This contributes to an increase in the volume of production, an increase in labor productivity and a decrease in costs per unit of production. It is concluded that solving the current problems of conducting agricultural production on an expanded basis and promising ones – transforming it into a modern, developed branch of the national economy, require scientific development of various aspects.
ЕДВАРД ГРІГ – ПІАНІСТ, КОНЦЕРТМЕЙСТЕР, АНСАМБЛІСТ, ДИРИГЕНТ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИКОНАВСЬКОГО СТИЛЮ
Authors: Глазунова Галина Пилипівна , Єрьоменко Андрій Юрійович
Published: July 2024

Статтю присвячено виконавській діяльності одного з великих майстрів фортепіанного мистецтва кінця XIX – початку XX століття Едварда Гріга. Протягом життя періоди плідної композиторської творчості та викладацької роботи норвезького митця змінювалися тривалими концертними поїздками, активною виконавською діяльністю піаніста-соліста, концертмейстера, ансамбліста, диригента. Завдяки його творам і виконавському мистецтву європейська публіка познайомилася з музичною культурою Норвегії. Творчими зусиллями Е. Гріга норвезька музика, разом із мистецтвом інших європейських країн, стала рівноцінною складовою частиною світової музичної культури. Увагу приділено концертно-виконавській творчості Е. Гріга, географії його тріумфальних гастролей, особливостям формування концертних програм, творчій співпраці з визначними музикантами, серед яких У. Булль, Г. Венявський, П. Казальс та інші. Охарактеризовано особливості виконавського стилю композитора, відзначено найважливіші риси його самобутнього піанізму, неперевершених інтерпретацій власних творів. Здійснено спробу визначити роль концертної діяльності Е. Гріга в історії світового фортепіанного виконавського мистецтва. Відзначено, що Е. Гріга як митця не можна оцінити однозначно. З одного боку, він – яскравий представник епохи романтизму, а з іншого, – реаліст, який щодо всіх речей і явищ мав тверезий і ясний підхід. Як романтик, Е. Гріг мав дивовижний дар поетичної фантазії, колориту; головними в його мистецтві були багатство та тонкість почуттів. Водночас в основі обдарування митця мали місце і класицистські риси. Е. Гріг уникає перебільшень у висловлюванні та формотворенні, утримуючи свою фантазію й досягаючи дивовижної врівноваженості, стрункості та ясності окремих елементів художнього цілого. Усе це було характерно як для композиторської, так і для виконавської діяльності піаніста, концертмейстера, ансамбліста, диригента.
ФОРТЕПІАННИЙ ЦИКЛ «ДВА ДІАЛОГИ З ПІСЛЯМОВОЮ» ВАЛЕНТИНА СИЛЬВЕСТРОВА У ВИКОНАВСЬКОМУ ВИМІРІ
Authors: Cоланський Степан Степанович
Published: July 2024

У статті розглядається фортепіанний доробок лавреата Шевченківської премії, народного артиста України Валентина Сильвестрова (*1937 рік) на прикладі аналізу циклу «Два діалоги з післямовою» (2002 рік); відзначено тяжіння композитора до фортепіано впродовж усього творчого шляху; констатовано наявність у мистця численного та поліжанрового фортепіанного доробку; підкреслено вкрай деталізовану графічну фіксацію нотного тексту у творах. Констатовано, що В. Сильвестров належить до когорти найбільш знакових українських композиторів сучасності. Підкреслено, що на нинішньому етапі його творчий доробок, зокрема фортепіанний, становить значний виконавський і слухацький інтерес не лише в національному, а й у світовому масштабі. Відзначено, що фортепіанний цикл «Два діалоги з післямовою» В. Сильвестрова слугує яскравою ілюстрацією його композиторського почерку, виконавських і стильових орієнтирів. Акцентовано, що у трьох частинах циклу спостерігаються алюзії до творчості Ф. Шуберта (І ч. «Весільний вальс»), опер Р. Ваґнера (ІІ ч. «Постлюдія»), своєрідні сонористичні ефекти (ІІІ ч. «Післямова (Ранкова серенада)»). Підкреслюється ретельність позначення агогічних і динамічних нюансів. Відзначено, що, окрім фортепіанної, велику популярність має версія цього циклу для фортепіано та струнного оркестру. Наведено перелік відомих виконавців означеного циклу, серед яких Олег Безбородько, Юлія Стародуб, Єнні Лін (Jenny Lin), Елен Ґрімо (Helene Grimaud), Алексєй Любімов, Юрій Полубєлов та інші. У результаті порівняння кількості прослухань записів циклу на YouTube констатовано, що найбільшу популярність мають записи Ю. Полубєлова (сольний варіант) і Е. Ґрімо з оркестром «Камерата Зальцбург».
Estimation of selected heavy metals and bacteria in sludge of wastewater treatment unit at AL-Nassiryia city southern of Iraq
Authors: Y. Alkhafaji Basim , S. Alseedi Nooraldeen , S. Hamim Saad
Published: July 2024

The present study was concerned to estimation the concentrations of the selected heavy metals (Zinc, Copper, Lead, Nickel and Cadmium) in the sewage sludge, which was collecting  from the wastewater treatment unit from  the center of Al-Nassiriya city during the seasons of the year ( autumn , winter , spring and summer) from October, 2016 to August, 2017. Three stations were chosen to execute this study, station (1): represent the pre-treatment; station (2): represent post-treatment and station (3)  represent after dumping in the river. The results of the present study showed a high concentration of heavy metals in dry sludge was Zinc (91.86) µg/g dry wt. in the (st.1) in Spring season, while the Nickel (5.19) µg/g dry wt. at the (st.1) in Summer. The high concentration of copper (41.20) µg/g dry wt. at the ( st.3) in Winter , and lead was (50.17) µg/g dry wt. at the (st.3) in Winter, and cadmium was (97.20) µg/g dry wt. at (st.2) in Winter. The high concentrations of fecal coliforms was (18000) cells /100 ml at (st.1) in winter, while the high number of total coliforms was (160000) cells/100 ml at (st.1) in winter. According to statistical analysis; The results of the present study showed a significant differences between the concentrations of heavy metals during the seasons of the year at the stations, as well as significant differences between the bacteria at the stations that were studied.
Microbiological study and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of ear infections in patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) in Basrah Province
Authors: M. Al-Mosawi Reham
Published: July 2024

The ear infections are highly popular disease in the world. Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is one of the prevalent hearing problems, this infection of the middle ear may extend to cranium that can cause many serious complications if not treated duly. It is famed for its return enduring infection.
The causative agents of bacteria or fungi may be cause the CSOM infection. Therefore, our study is mainly aimed to identify the bacterial isolates which causing of CSOM and detect some isolates of fungi which implicated in this ear infection with performed of the antimicrobial susceptibility test.
The study was executed on people whose attending the outpatients clinic of ENT in AL-Mwanee General Hospital during the period from November, 2016 to May, 2017 in Basrah governorate. Ear swab samples were collected and processed from eighty five (85) patients of CSOM by the following of standard bacteriological procedures mainly, for isolation and identification the bacterial pathogens, in addition, common diagnosis methods was used to detect of some fungal isolates.
The positive microbial growth cultures were seen in 59 cases with frequent of (69.41 %) and 26 cases were negative in frequent of (30.58%). Their ages ranged from 1-60 years with high incidence of CSOM in age groups ≤ 10 and 31-50 years old in percent's of (38.82 % and  24.70 %) respectively. Polymicrobial samples from the total isolates (89) which identified in this study were (82) aerobic bacterial isolates in frequent (92.13 %) and 7 fungal isolates in frequent.
Bifurcation of Solution in Singularly Perturbed ODEs by Using Lyapunov Schmidt Reduction
Authors: H.Kamil A. , H. Yasir K.
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to study the bifurcation of solution in singularly perturbed ODEs:
                                   
the hypothesis                                                 
                                   
the bifurcation of solution in the ODE system will be studied by effect of the system by using Lyapunov Schmidt reduction. Is the study of behaviour of solution of singularly perturbed ODEs when perturbation parameter  The bifurcation of solution in this kind of ordinary differential equation was studied in n-dimensional. Sufficient conditions for the system to undergoes (fold,transcritical and pitchfork) bifurcation are given. The ODE will be reduced to an equivalent system by using Lyapunov Schmidt reduction method. Moreover, for this purpose of obtaining curve of the system (Fast-Slow system).
Assessment of melatonin level and genetic aspect of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Thi-Qar province, Iraq
Authors: G. Al-Fartosi Khalid , A. Jabbar Enas , A. Jabbar Ahmed
Published: July 2024

The present study was designed to assessment of melatonin level and genetic aspects of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 in Thi-Qar province, Iraq. The sample includes 80 patients compared with 40 as  control group. The results showed a significant increase in levels of serum glucose in patients with DM type 2 compared with 40 as a control group at (p<0.05). The level of melatonin showed a significant decrease in patients of diabetes compared with the control group. The genetic study was conducted to identify the potential association of melatonin receptor MTNR1B gene SNPs with the progression of type 2diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this same locus, four new SNPs were observed and their novelty were proven, including g.10718G>C, g.10863A>G, g.10865G>A, and g.10867T>A, while only one SNP was found to be known, namely rs1431442778. The current results indicated the presence of all of the observed SNPs only in the patients’ samples.
Liver Disorders that Induced by Burkholderia Mallei and the Role of Phenolic Compounds of Rheum Ribes in Treatment
Authors: Ahmed Hamad Saleh
Published: July 2024

The present study was designed to show the potential role of phenolic compounds against the toxicity of Burkholderia mallei. The study used 30 adult male rats that distributed to five groups (each group consist 6 rats); control group that received normal saline, second group rat injected intraperitoneal with B. mallei at dose 10 6 cell/ ml. third group rat injected intraperitoneal with B. mallei at dose 1 08 cell/ ml. fourth group rat injected intraperitoneal with B. mallei at dose 1 0 6 cell/ ml and treated with 250ug/ml of phenolic compounds for four weeks. Keywords—component, formatting, style, styling, insert (key words). Fifth group rat injected intraperitoneal with B. mallei at dose 1 08 cell/ ml and treated with 250ug/ml of phenolic compounds for four weeks. Sixth group rat treated with 250ug/ml of phenolic compounds for four weeks. The results show high significant increased (P < 0.05) in levels AST, ALT, ALP and MDA with high significant decreased (P < 0.05) in levels GSH, catalase in second and third groups compared with control group. The results of fourth, fifth and sixth groups show non-significant changes (P < 0.05) in all parameters compare with control group when using Rheum ribes. It was concluded that Rheum ribes has been potential role against the toxicity of B. mallei in adult male rats.
Concentration of some Heavy Elements in Water , Sediment and Plants in Al-Gharraf River in Thi-Qar Province –South of Iraq
Authors: Ali S. Ali  , Basim Y. Al-Khafaji  , Haider R. Al-Gezi
Published: July 2024

The present study was included to estimate the Concentration and distribution of selected Heavy elements Cadmium, Lead, Nickel and Zinc from water, sediment and two species of plant ( Phragmites australis and Ceratophyllim demersum). Also same physical characteristic of this river in water  , samples were collected  of  three stations in Al-Gharraf River  in order to investigates the possibility of pollution in this area with these elements .three station (Al-Fajr districts , Qal'at Sukkar districts and Al-Rifa'I districts) were chosen to execute this study during the period from May 2018 until February 2019. And the high temperature was recorded (13 ٥C in winter to 30 ٥C in summer), pH (7.44 to 7.8) and Turbidity (2.41 to 10.2)NTU. and salinity (0.01 to 0.069) ppt. Also all the heavy metals recorded a significant increase in water and Ceratophyllin demersum plant samples  in the winter higher than summer and in the sediments and Phragmites australis plant the rise in the winter was only in the elements nickel and zinc, but in cadmium and lead were concentration  low or do not make a big difference in the winter compared to the summer  , Where the highest percentage of nickel and zinc in the sediments in the second and third stations respectively reached 86.2 mg / kg dry weight . The lowest concentration of cadmium concentration in water samples at the first station for the summer was 0.0021 mg / L . Where there is a positive relationship between the increase in concentrations.
Effects of the combining ability of piquin pepper (Capsicum annuum var. Glabriusculum) from different geographical sites
Authors: Alcala Rico Juan Samuel Guadalupe Jesús , López Benítez Alfonso , Camposeco Montejo Neymar , Gayosso Barragán Odilon , Chávez Aguilar Griselda
Published: July 2024

Objective: To evaluate the effects of the general combining ability (GCA) and the specific combining ability (SCA) on the agronomic variables of piquin pepper (Capsicum annuum var. Glabriusculum) genotypes.
Methodology: A total of 36 F1 and nine parental crosses were used as plant material. The genotypes were distributed in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Ten agronomic variables were evaluated.
Results: Differences (P≤ 0.01) were found in all the evaluated variables, both in the genotypes and in GCA and SCA. Additive gene action influenced heritability, where following variables stood out: days to harvest (DTH), chlorophyll (CHL), plant height (PH), average fruit weight (AFW), fruit equatorial diameter (FED), and fruit polar diameter (FPD). One the one hand, genotypes G6 and G7 recorded the highest positive yield values for GCA, with 143.96 and 66.97 kg ha-1, respectively. On the other hand, 58% of the SCA crosses obtained favorable yield results. Meanwhile, the highest positive values were obtained by the G6xG7, G8xG9, G5xG9, G3xG4, G4xG8, and G1xG8 crosses, which recorded 427.1, 190.5, 167.4, 146.8, 129.7, and 125.7 kg ha-1, respectively.
Conclusions: According to the effects of GCA and SCA on the agronomic variables of piquin pepper, the genotypes G6 and G7 can be used to develop varieties, while the G6xG7, G8xG9, and G5xG9 crosses are recommended for hybrid formation within breeding programs.
Phenotypic analysis of mezcal agaves from the Central Valleys of Oaxaca
Authors: LEGARIA SOLANO JUAN PORFIRIO , Vásquez-Maya María Patricia
Published: July 2024

Objective: Mezcal agaves in the state of Oaxaca have a high economic value due to the demand for mezcal production; therefore, the purpose of this work was to assess and highlight the importance of morphological diversity within and among cultivated Agave species.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A completely randomized experimental design with 25 treatments (populations) and 11 replicates (individuals) was implemented. The plant (individual) was the experimental unit and 19 morphological descriptors proposed by the National Seed Inspection and Certification Service (SNICS) were assessed. A total of 275 individuals of the Agave angustifolia, Agave karwinskii, Agave marmorata, Agave rhodacantha, Agave potatorum, Agave seemanniana, and Agave nussaviorum species were assessed using a multivariate analysis to determine their phenotypic variability and existing relationships.
Results: The dendrograms for the Q-mode and R-mode were obtained by means of a cluster analysis, forming 4 groups based on the average linkage generated from the standardized BDM of the sampled species of the genus Agave. Four groups were formed using the k-means clustering method, in accordance with field observations and a review of the taxonomic bibliography. The first two principal components (PC) accounted for 66.4% of the total variation, according to the principal component analysis (PCA). For PC1 and PC2, the variables with the highest contribution were those related to leaf shape (Fh), size of the lateral spine (FEL), number of leaves (Nh), plant height (H), uniformity in the size of the lateral spines (UTE), and terminal spine shape (FET).
Study Limitations/Implications: A comprehensive study requires taxonomic keys to identify species, subspecies, and even varieties of Agave. Additionally, molecular characterization is essential to understand the variability and phylogenetic relationships of these populations, subject to a phylogenetic analysis.
Findings/Conclusions: Multivariate analysis techniques revealed that three species showed high phenotypic variability in the maturation stage under cultivation conditions. The A. potatorum and A. karwinskii species had a greater intra-population phenotypic variability, with significant differences within the same species. Agave marmorata showed no intra- or inter-population variability. Leaf texture (Txh) was the only variable that explained the variation within its group. This is a tall species whose diameter is larger than in the other species. The variables of the Mexican (Agave rhodacantha) group showed low correlation, as their behavior was highly dispersed. The variables obtained in the field from this group of populations must be meticulously assessed to identify the degree of correlation between the variables and to confirm the behavior of this group.
Methane in Dairy Farms in Aguascalientes: Corn Silage
Authors: GONZÁLEZ REYES MÓNICA , Sotelo-Reséndez César E. , Tirado-Estrada Gustavo , Cruz-Vázquez Carlos R. , Vitela-Mendoza Irene V. , Andrade-González Isaac
Published: July 2024

Objective: To evaluate the potential methane gas production from corn silages (CS) intended for Holstein cattle in dairy farms in the state of Aguascalientes (Ags), Mexico.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Methane (CH4) is one of the greenhouse gases, and worldwide plans and actions are being developed to monitor, control, and reduce their environmental impact. In Mexico, methane emissions from livestock are equivalent to 10.1% of CO2 equivalent are recorded. CS samples were collected from six municipalities in Ags, representing a total of 18 dairy farms. The in vitro gas production technique was used to determine methane gas production, employing a nested mixed model to compare variables between municipalities using residual maximum likelihood method.
Results: The average methane production in CS was 29.3 mL/gDM. The Ags municipality showed significantly higher methane production (35.9 mL/gDM, p<0.05), while San Francisco de los Romo (SFR) displayed the lowest production (21.5 mL/gDM, p<0.05). In the state of Aguascalientes, CS-derived CH4 production was projected at approximately 2,884 metric tons (MT) annually.
Study Limitations/Implications: There were no identified limitations in the study.
Findings/Conclusions: The potential CH4 gas production derived from CS projected in the study represented 0.103% of what was reported by INEGyCEI in 2019.
Microbiological quality of marketed fish and shrimp in San Luis Mextepec in the State of Mexico, Mexico.
Authors: Santillán Pérez Aldo , Posadas Corral Víctor Donnet , Diaz Ramirez Mayra , Guadarrama Lezama Andrea Y. , Aguilar Toalá J. Eleazar , Perez Ruiz Rigoberto V. , Espinosa Chaurand Luis Daniel , Cortes  Sanchez Alejandro De Jesus
Published: July 2024

Objectivo: Análisis de productos comunes de la pesca y de amplia comercialización en zona popular de la población de San Luis Mextepec en el estado de México; afín de determinar el peligro y potencial de riesgo a la salud por consumo de estos productos.
Diseño/metodologia/enfoque: Se realizó la colecta de muestras de filete de pescado y camarón entero en pescaderías disponibles de la zona popular de comercialización de alimentos acuáticos en San Luis Mextepec en el estado de México cada semana durante un mes, evaluando su calidad microbiológica consistente en mesófilos aerobios, coliformes totales, Salmonella, hongos y levaduras.
Resultados: El análisis de mesofilos aerobios en pescado y camarón indicó que no sobrepasaron los limites permisibles de la norma oficial sanitaria, mientras que coliformes en pescado el 100% de las muestras y en camarón el 50% sobrepasaron el límite permisible. Para hongos en pescado y camarón presentaron recuentos que oscilaban entre 8 y 2150 CFU/g, mientras que para levaduras los valores oscilaron entre 95 y 1010 CFU/g. Finalmente en el análisis de Salmonella spp., el 50% de muestras de pescado y camarón dieron positiva a la presencia del patógeno infringiendo el límite sanitario e indicando un riesgo a la salud para consumidores.
Limitaciones/implicaciones: Este estudio debe replicarse en otras épocas del año ya que el tipo y grado de contaminación en pescados y camarones puede variar influyendo en los peligros microbiológicos y  riesgo a la salud de consumidores.
Conclusiones: El análisis microbiológico de pescado y camarón comercializado indicó la presencia de contaminación microbiológica que influye en su calidad e inocuidad convirtiéndose en un peligro y riesgo a la salud de consumidores.
Implementação de ensino incidental via profissionais e cuidadores a crianças autistas
Authors: Souza Carneiro Juliana do Rosário ,   Universidade Federal do Pará, Cruz Keuffer Sara Ingrid , Melo e Silva Álvaro Júnior ,   Universidade Federal do Pará,   Universidade Federal do Pará
Published: July 2024

A Análise do Comportamento Aplicada é considerada uma ciência eficaz, sólida e promissora para o tratamento de crianças com diagnóstico de Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Dentre as possibilidades de intervenção para esse público, o ensino incidental apresenta-se como uma estratégia promissora, mas ainda são escassos os estudos sobre essa modalidade de intervenção. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a implementação de ensino incidental, por profissionais e cuidadores, para o ensino do operante verbal mando a crianças diagnosticadas com TEA. Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental de linha de base múltipla entre participantes para avaliar a relação funcional entre a implementação de programas de ensino pelos aplicadores, no mínimo de três vezes por semana, e a aquisição das habilidades pelas crianças. Ambos os agentes de intervenção, profissionais e cuidadores, foram capazes de ensinar habilidades de mando para crianças com TEA via ensino incidental. Na intervenção realizada por profissionais, foi necessária uma média de 5,2 sessões para alcançar critério de aprendizagem, e na intervenção realizada por cuidadores, foram necessárias uma média de 8,5 sessões. Em contrapartida, os cuidadores implementaram menos tentativas de ensino. Portanto, ambos os tipos de intervenção apresentam eficácia e eficiência no treino de habilidades.
El Efecto del Control de Estímulo Durante el Emparejamiento en la Emergencia del Naming Bidireccional
Authors: Monseco-Gómez José Alberto ,   Universidad de Córdoba, Abascool, Alós Francisco J. , Carnerero José Julio ,   Universidad de Córdoba,   Universidad Internacional de La Rioja
Published: July 2024

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el efecto del control de estímulo en un procedimiento de observación de emparejamiento en las respuestas que emergían en pruebas de tacto y selección como componentes del naming bidireccional, en función de la coherencia del control de estímulo entre el emparejamiento y las pruebas. En el Experimento 1 se expuso a ocho adultos a una fase de emparejamiento de figuras-palabras habladas y posteriormente a pruebas de tacto y selección. En el emparejamiento y prueba de tacto se manipuló el número de estímulos presentados en cada ensayo (de uno en uno -sucesivo- o de cuatro en cuatro -simultáneo-) en cuatro condiciones experimentales (con coherencia: sucesivo-sucesivo y simultáneo-simultáneo; sin coherencia: sucesivo-simultáneo y simultáneo-sucesivo). Con cada participante se usaron cuatro conjuntos aleatorizados por condición formados por 16 figuras y 16 palabras agrupadas en cuatro pares por conjunto. En todos los participantes emergió el tacto y la selección, independientemente del control de estímulo. La mediana de respuestas correctas de selección fue mayor en las condiciones sin coherencia (23.5; prueba de Wilcoxon) y en las condiciones con emparejamiento simultáneo. En el Experimento 2, el procedimiento fue idéntico al Experimento 1, excepto que participaron ocho adultos diferentes y se emparejaron sonidos de animales-palabras habladas. La respuesta de tacto y selección emergió con los ocho participantes y se obtuvieron mejores resultados en el tacto en las condiciones con emparejamiento simultáneo.