bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology Research on Molecular Distillation Separation of Renewable Waste Lubricating Oil
Authors: Fu Zhong Jun , Song Feng , Wang Zhao Jun , Wang Hong
Published: August 2013

Based on the research of the molecular-distillation technical conditions for the renewable waste lubricating oil, the optimal technology and processes were studied and obtained with a pilot-scale molecular distillation device. The results could provide a strong technical basis for the reduction and recycling-separation of the renewable waste lubricating oil, and also for the energy-saving and emission-reduction. In addition, the economic and development prospect of this method was described and analyzed.
3D Modeling and Visualization of City Drain-Pipes Network Based on ArcGIS and SketchUp
Authors: Wei Bi Sheng , Liang Hong , Wang Teng Long
Published: August 2013

This paper introduces the method of 3D modeling and visualization of ArcGIS combined with SketchUp, and describes the pipeline modeling process in SketchUp. And a drain-pipes network 3D GIS system is established with the actual drain-pipes data, which can fulfill the functions of three-dimensional display of drain-pipes network, pipeline locating, roaming and other functions.
Efficiency of Flushing through a Sluice-Gated Weir
Authors: Son Kwang Ik , Hwang Man Ha , Son Gyo Chang
Published: August 2013

The four major rivers restoration project (4MRRP) was carried out in Korea between Oct., 2009 and Sep., 2012. The major purposes and effects of the 4MRRP were flood control, safe water security and water quality improvement. For flood control, 450 million m3 of sediments were dredged with the reinforcement of 620 km-long old levees. Sixteen weirs were constructed and 93 reservoir banks were elevated for safe water security. Deformation of the main channels appeared to be inevitable because the longitudinal slope and cross section of the river had changed. In particular the construction of weirs could take the role of sediment detention ponds because the weirs will slow down the velocity and reduce the capability of sediment transportation. Therefore, it is crucial to determine how the siltation phenomena upstream of a weir can be fixed. This study examined the sluicing efficiency of the gate operation for the Gumi weir using 2-dimensional numerical simulations.
Experimental Study on Low-Power Disturbing Sediment Dredging System
Authors: Yan Jun , Bai Hong Lu , Liu Jiao , Ma Fang Kai
Published: August 2013

in the River, velocities of surface water flow typically are larger than the near-bottom flow. Combined with background of artificial disturbance sediment, surface water flows is taken to the river bottom to loose and raise sediment, dredge and so as to achieve the purpose of slowing river siltation. Preliminary tests showed that using low-power diversion disturbing sand dredging system, flow velocity of disturbing nozzle is larger than the incipient velocity of sediment, and the purpose of disturbing sediment and sediment transport can be obtained.
Effect of Elevated CO2 Concentration on Leaf Photosynthesis in Sanjiang-Deyeuxia angustifolia
Authors: Xu Ming Yi , Wang Ao Xue , Ni Hong Wei
Published: August 2013

Deyeuxia angustifolia were grown under three different levels of CO2concentration conditions, 370μmol mol-1(ambient CO2), 550μmol mol-1(elevated CO2) and 700μmol mol-1(elevated CO2) respectively. We investigated the responses of photosynthesis and growth ofD.angustifoliaunder different CO2concentration conditions. Leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll content were checked. The results showed that the values of net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2concentration (Ci), transpiration (E), chlorophyll content were influenced by the elevated CO2concentrations. The photosynthetic parameters changed in parallel with CO2enrichment. CO2enrichment in short term improved the photosynthetic ability of leaves, whereas the capacity was weakened under long-term elevated CO2concentration condition. The leaves ofD.angustifoliagrown under elevated CO2concentrations at the end of growth, had lower Pn, Gs, Ci, E and chlorophyll content than those grown and measuered under ambient CO2concentration. The results indicated thatD.angustifoliaappeared photosynthetic acclimation.
Research on Evaluation about Measures with Water Plugging in the West of Bei 3 Area of Daqing Saertu Oilfield
Authors: Shi Shang Ming , Zheng Nan , Wei Hua Bin , Zhang Bo , Huo Dong Kai
Published: August 2013

Measure of plugging water refers to through sealing high water formation to slow down the contradiction between lays, so as to increase the liquid production of low water formation and to increase the swept volume the extent of reserves producing. It is an important measure that aims at the rapid increasing of liquid-oil ratio in late stage of high water-cut, to keep the stable production of oil field. It is an effective measure to reduce and control the useless water production rate which not only can increase the fluid production sensibly but also can slow down the production decline and guarantee the economic rationality in oilfield development. Field practice has proved that the measure of plugging water has a better guiding significance to the reservoir in late high or extra high water-cut stage. Through analyzing the effect of plugging water, and a comprehensive evaluation of the effect of plugging water, we can find out the key factors that affect the measures of plugging water, which has a better guiding significance to maximize the high water cut oilfield development profit.
The Information Technology Analysis in the City Preventing-Draining Waterlogging and Early Warning System
Authors: Ou Yang Er Ming , Shi Yong
Published: August 2013

With the fast development of technology and information, the information technology is being far more used in all trades and professions in order to give powerful technology supports to solve problem and make the right decision. Since these few years, as the climatic extremes are getting more frequent, especially extremely rainstorm, many cities are facing with serious waterlogging. The information technology has made many achievements for the city preventing -draining waterlogging these few years, developing lots of new technology using in the city municipal administration such as ZigBee network simulation technique, SDSS, GIS etc. These technologies supply new methods and new thinking for cities to face with the waterlogging.
Effect of Nickel on Living Organism and the Research Progress
Authors: Liu Ming Da , Ji Xiao Ming , Wang Yao Jing
Published: August 2013

Nickel is a kind of rare metal which is widely distributed in the earth's crust, and is mainly used in manufacturing alloy. Nickel is a trace element essential to animals and plants growth and development, but high concentration of nickel will hamper the growth of plants and animals, and even produce toxic effects. This paper summarizes the physical and chemical properties of nickel, the sources of organisms exposed to nickel and the influence of different concentrations of nickel on animal and plant, and summarizes the relevant research progress.
The Optimal Design of Saving Water on Kaifeng Agriculture Irrigated Area
Authors: Hu Chang , Yang Hui Li , Li Dang Sheng
Published: August 2013

The agricultural irrigation water of Kaifeng city is mainly supplied by the Yellow River and the local underground water. According to conditions of the irrigation area water supply and groundwater reduction for many years, the paper puts forward the optimal allocation and the supplying water programs on using combination of surface water and groundwater. By using variable one-dimensional search technology, it will express nonlinearity function is approximated by piecewise linear function so as to set up the mathematical model of controlled object, so the nonlinear programming problem will be turned into linear programming problem. Thus choose different decision variables and different parameters to use computing in order to get to approach the optimal allocation of water resources.
Application of Wavelet Packet Energy Spectrum in Micro Motor Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Chen Sheng Yi , Wang Gui Tang , Sun Shou Lei , Zhou Qiang
Published: August 2013

To diagnosis vibration signals of micro motor in several different fault types a method based on wavelet packet energy spectrum is presented, the energy on each Sub-frequency band, which are Calculated by Wavelet packet decomposition and reconstruction algorithm, are used to normalization process.Under both circumstances of normal working and unmoral working of mechanical equipment,there exist evident differences among the Sub-frequency band energy after the decomposition of wavelet packet, which energy contains a wealth of micro motor running status information and the eigenvectors is structured by the Sub-frequency band energy spectrum can establish energy and Fault mapping relationship.The preliminary experimental results show that it is effective to use the wavelet packet-energy spectrum in micro motor fault diagnosis .
Effect of Nonionic Surfactant on Emulsifiability and Interfacial Activity of NaOH/HABS/HPAM Flooding System
Authors: Li Shi Ji , Niu Rui Xia , Song Hua Lin , Song Hua , Sun Shuang Bo
Published: August 2013

Studying the relationship of oil-water IFT and the stability of oil emulsion will further explain oil displacement mechanism in crude oil flooding. In this article, for nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether can resist multivalence cations, the performance of associative surfactant containing HABS and nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (NP), the influence of the improvement of emulsion stability on the interfacial tension were studied by evaluating the interfacial tension and emulsion stability. Results show that nonionic surfactant NP-x (x=4, 6, 10) can improve the tolerance of HABS to NaOH with low concentration, and NP-6 appears the best synergistic effect, when CNaOH is not more than 1.2wt%, the IFTeq is lower than 9.9×10-3mN/m, within the concentration range of the investigation. At the same time, NP-x can improve oil emulsion stability, when CNaOH is 0.6wt%, CHPAM is 0.18wt%, total concentration of the surfactant (ωHABS:ωNP=8:2) are 0.05wt% and 0.1wt%, decreasing the balance interfacial tension between oil and water can be regarded as the guarantee of the emulsion stability.
Influence of Saline Water on Plant Growth, Yield and Quality of Sunflower Hybrid
Authors: Wang Long , Yang Pei Ling , Ren Shu Mei , Yu Hao Liang , He Xin
Published: August 2013

Sunflower is an important oil crop, which is tolerant to water and salt stress and can be planted in vast areas of China. In our studies, four salinity levels of irrigation were used to irrigate one kind of sunflower (TO01244) under two irrigation low limits (65%FC and 75%FC). Plant growth, Soil salinity and leaf water status, yield and quality were researched. The results showed the means of plant heights under 2g/L, 3.5g/L and 5g/L irrigation water were 9.07%, 12.45% and 18.35% lower than the tap water respectively. In soil salinization the means of ECe increased by 271.13%, 173.22%, 132.98% and 4.73% respectively under irrigation water of four salinity levels. It can be found that the seed under 3.5g/L irrigation water had more linoleic acid, which is healthy to human and contribute to address the cardiovascnlar and cerebrovascular diseases as an important part of the sunflower oil. Facing the increasingly serious lack of fresh water resources, development and utilization of underground saline water would play an important role in agricultural production.
Spatial Feature of Jurassic Sandstone Permeability Based on Pumping Test
Authors: Liu Zai Bin
Published: August 2013

In order to plan mining areas, design coal mines in Jurassic coal field, Jurassic sandstone water should be controlled. Spatial feature of Jurassic sandstone permeability should be studied. Pumping test data of a coal mine in Ulugkhemsky coal field in Russia were collected to study spatial feature of Jurassic sandstone on Plane characteristics and vertical characteristics. The result indicates that permeability coefficients near the river and alluvium deposit area are higher than that of normal formation area. Sandstone permeability coefficients decrease with distances to the river increase and buried depths increase. Permeability-Buried Depth fitting equation was established to predict Jurassic permeability coefficients of different depth in normal formation area.
Study on the Exploitation Potential of Emergency Groundwater Source in Coastal Area of Quanzhou
Authors: Yi Biao Qi , Wang Jin Sheng , Zuo Rui
Published: August 2013

In order to prepare for the extraordinary dry year, this study focuses on the fault zones identified by radioactive geophysical prospecting and EH4 electromagnetic imaging technique in the adjacent area of Qingyuan Mountain in Quanzhou. We infer that the fault-adjacent area has great potential for groundwater exploitation and perform a numerical simulation study on it using FEFLOW. Results show that the groundwater head can be restored in the whole hydrological series by establishing emergency water source and exploring groundwater in the fault zones in extraordinary dry year. This work demonstrates that it is feasible to use the fault zones adjacent to Qingyuan Maintain as an emergency water source of Quanzhou.
Assessment and Analysis of Eutrophication in Xinlicheng Reservoir
Authors: Li Yong Qin , Xiao Chang Lai , Zhao Lin Lin , Liang Xiu Juan , Jiang Zhi Chao
Published: August 2013

Water blooms occurred in Xinlicheng reservoir in 2007 and eutrophication was paid attention on. The method of comprehensive eutrophication state index was adopted to assess eutrophication state and change of TN, TP, CODMnand pH were analyzed based on water quality monitoring data of Xinlicheng reservoir from 2000 to 2010. From 2003 to 2007, degree of eutrphication changed from mesotrophication to light eutrohpication. Eutrophication of Xinlicheng reservoir was caused by the pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus and the pollutant sources include extraneous and endogenous sources. Extraneous sources come from upstream water and periphery of the reservoir, while endogenous sources come from sediments. Ecological wetland should be constructed in estuarine area, fish and bivalves should be put into the reservoir and other comprehensive measures should be taken to control nitrogen, phosphorous and algae. Obvious effect has been achieved by eutrophication treatment measures.
Comparison of TRMM Data with Rain Gauge Observations in the Upper Huaihe River Basin of China
Authors: Osei-Kwarteng Josephine , Li Qiong Fang , Adjei Kwaku Amaning
Published: August 2013

In this study, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) version 7 satellite rainfall product, TRMM 3B42 (V7), was validated using rain gauge measurements in the Upper Huaihe Basin, China. This validation was carried out at monthly and annual temporal scales for an 11-year period using four selected grids with six, four, two and one rain gauge station (s) located within the TRMM grid respectively; the rain gage measurements for grids with more than one rain gauge were averaged. This study found that the validation of the TRMM dataset in grids where there were adequate rain gauge were present to capture the distributed and stochastic nature of rainfall with very good correlation (0.87-0.94) and with very little relative bias when the rain gage accumulations were compared with the TRMM estimates. From the study we found that the TRMM dataset can be used as precipitation input for hydrological modeling at monthly and annual scales for sustainable water resources management in the Upper Huaihe River and even in un-gaged or sparsely gaged basins in other parts of the world.
Groundwater Quality Evaluation of Beihai, Gunangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone
Authors: Dai Jun Ge , Nong Yun , Dai Jun Feng , Zhou Zuo Wang , Qiao Ji Ping , Guo Chun Qing
Published: August 2013

In order to strengthen the monitoring and control of the groundwater quality, the groundwater of Hetang and Longtan water source regions in Beihai city was taken as example to evaluate the groundwater quality. PH, Total dissolved solids, Chloride, Iron, Nitrate, Ammonia- nitrogen, Cyanide, Mercury, Cadmium, Lead and so on were selected as the main factors of water quality evaluation. Single component and comprehensive evaluation methods were used to analyze the class and change trend of groundwater quality. The results showed that groundwater quality of Longtan was slightly better that of Hetang. F value of these two water source regions varied from 2.14 to 2.19 and met the classⅡ, which showed that the groundwater quality of Beihai City was good.
Identification of Hydro-Geochemical Processes in Groundwater by Using Major Ion Chemistry: A Case Study
Authors: Sun Lin Hua
Published: August 2013

Hydro-geochemistry is important for water disaster controlling as it can be used for either understanding of hydrological evolution or water source discrimination. Groundwater samples from the sandstone aquifer in Xutuan coal mine, northern Anhui Province, China have been collected for major ion chemical analysis to understand the operating mechanism of geochemical processes for variation of groundwater chemistry, which will be useful for improving the understanding of hydro-chemical systems in coal mine. The results suggest that they are medium to slightly (6.8 to 8.64 with an average of 7.61) with high concentration of total dissolved solids (943 and 1362 mg/L with mean of 1171 mg/L)). Most of the groundwater samples are classified as Na- HCO3-Cl and Na-Cl- HCO3 types according to their relative concentrations of cations and anions. Correlation between ion concentrations, as well as principle component analysis imply that dissolution of dolomite, halite, gypsum, silicate weathering and ion exchange are responsible for the chemical variations of the groundwater.
Study of Rational Development Mode for Water Resource in Arid Areas Based on the Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation
Authors: Zhao Bao Feng
Published: August 2013

For more scientific and rational use of water resources in the basin of arid areas, best water resources development mode need to be determined for different areas of the basin. Typical arid areas basin - the Manas River Basin is taken as an example, on the basis of building the evaluation system of rational development of water resources and determining the weight vector of each index, by using of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, best development mode of regional water resources in the basin is determined, on this basis, the scientific and rational development mode of arid area water resources is summed up. The upper piedmont alluvial fan is mainly to be the development of surface water, the development of surface water-based, supplemented by groundwater or joint development of surface water and groundwater is mainly mode in the overflow zone of the fan edge, alluvial plains mainly develops groundwater-based, supplemented by surface water, the oil industry demands water in some areas, so the measurement of appropriate exploitation of groundwater can be taken in some part areas rich in groundwater.
Study on Surface Flow Constructed Wetland Treating Slightly Polluted River Water in the High Latitude and Cold Region
Authors: Zhao Zhi Gang , Zhang Yong Xiang , Peng Shuo Jia , Li Zhi Yuan , Li Wei Yao
Published: August 2013

Surface flow wetland with Reed planted in it was employed to treat micro-polluted water in Xinkai river, and effects of temperature, hydraulic retention time and growth of plants on the performance of surface flow wetland were studied. The results showed that COD removal of surface flow wetland was influenced by growth of plants and temperature, hydraulic retention time affected the performance of surface flow wetland obviously. NH4+-N removal of surface flow wetland was excellent and stable. Most of the area of the wetland system was under anaerobic or anoxic, Concentration of NO2--N and NO3--N in effluent stayed low. The denitrification was fully conducted but nitrification became a constraining factor. TP removal performance of surface flow wetland was ordinary. When Temperature was greater than 16°C, the hydraulic retention time was greater than the 3d and plants grew well, removal efficiencies of CODNH4+-N and TP were 22.45%,70.10% and 55.80% with concentration below 30.21mg/L1.82mg/L and 0.36mg/L, and the standards of Surface Water Grade V were satisfied.
Study on Water Environmental Integrated Management Modeling Platform in Zhangweinan Basin, China
Authors: Li Shu Yuan , Tao Jian Hua , Yu Lei
Published: August 2013

Zhangweinan basin is a typical area where has the most serious water resource shortage and water environmental deterioration problems in north of China. To improve the increasingly deteriorated water eco-environment, studies on the integrated management of water resources and water environment in the basin were carried out with focus on the prevention and control of water pollution, and based on which, an integrated management platform on water environment was developed. This paper introduces the platform architecture and elaborates the construction process of the total pollutant load control model and pollution incident early warning model. This platform provides technical supports for weakening the total pollutant load in the basin, reducing the pollutant load flowing into the Bohai Sea, and increasing the eco-flow of river channel and flow into the Bohai Sea.
Hydraulic Model Experimental Research of SUE Hydropower Station
Authors: Wang Qin Xiang , Chu Wan Qiang
Published: August 2013

The research of Metamorphosis hydraulic model experiment which is designed on the base of gravity similarity and turbulent resistance similarity into SUE Hydropower Station shows the structure layout and design size of SUE Hydropower Station are reasonable and overflow capacity of sluice can meet the requirements. Upstream circular-arc concrete guide wing wall and the guide wall between downstream stilling basin and power station outlet can play a role of diversion and smoothing the flow pattern. When the flow is more than design flow, the effect of energy dissipation and erosion control of stilling basin is not good. In order to enhance the effect of energy dissipation and erosion control of stilling basin, the basin shall be lengthened and baffle piers shall be set in the stilling basin to assist energy dissipation.
Spatiotemporal Differences in Relative Efficiency of Regional Industrial Water Utilization in Xinjiang
Authors: Lv Wen Hui , Gao Zhi Gang
Published: August 2013

DEA was used to estimate the relative efficiency of industrial water in Xinjiang. Using data from 2005 to 2010 for fifteen prefectures in Xinjiang, this research selected productive water usage, employed persons, land area and fixed asset investment as the inputs, and chose gross regional product as the output. The scale redundancy ratio and technical redundancy ratio were also calculated. On the basis, the water utilization relative efficiency was calculated for every prefecture and the spatial-temporal variation of regional industrial water distribution were discussed. The spatial analyses show that the relative efficiency of industrial water utilization is distinctly different among the fifteen prefectures. Agriculture-oriented areas have relatively low water use efficiency, mainly due to the large proportion of agricultural water and seriously wasted water. Every prefecture should adjust the industrial structure and strengthen the agricultural water's conservation according to local condition.
Green Road Design Concept
Authors: Su Zhi Zhong , Zhang Dong Yi , Zhang Shuai
Published: August 2013

Green road design concept is a design concept of road engineering design,which is in order to harmonize the human, motor vehicle, road and their surrounding environments, which is a comprehensive design concept of moderation, coordination and mutualism. That is said the devotion in environmental protection and landscape should also be enlarged, in addition to satisfying the road usage technique condition in the road engineering design. The road engineering design should not only satisfy a safety, fast and convenient function of the road, but also should keep an environmental protection, beauty, flowing freely of the landscape design. These will not only create an keeping vigilance and excitement beautiful work space for the drivers, but also can provide a fascinating, delightful feeling and an enjoyment of the beauty of the travel conditions and landscape for the visitors in the meantime. This is an inevitable request in promoting district economy virtuous cycle, and also is an important content of the highway design in future.
Simulation and Analyzing of Mechanical Smoke Exhaust in a High-Rise Building
Authors: Shi Wei , Gao Fu Sheng
Published: August 2013

The mechanical smoke exhaust is as acknowledged as an effective smoke control manner by making use of some necessary exhaust facilities. In this paper, a field model with a combination of a zone model were used to simulate the mechanical smoke exhaust in a loop corridor of the fire floor in a high-rise hotel, for the propose of evaluate fire safety of mechanical smoke exhaust. There were several factors are under discussion, as the arrangement of smoke vents, quantity of smoke vents, the volume of smoke exhaust, the position of the smoke vents and height of ceiling indoor, et al. The conclusions were obtained as followed. When two exhaust vents were set symmetrically in the loop corridor, one of which was located nearby the fire room, the smoke exhausted better. The volume of smoke exhaust per unit area with 60m3/h according to regulations, always could ensure safety of smoke exhaust.
Sports Venues and Outdoor Landscape Design
Authors: Chen Xiao Jie
Published: August 2013

Sports venues and outdoor landscape is an important part of city green space system, is the embodiment of city landscape ecology, the subject is the city's ecological function. Starting from the venues, sports venues and building purpose and audience of visitors to the needs and behavior characteristics of people-oriented, fully consider the human needs and ornamental demand, planning and design of high grade, the deep connotation of the sports venues and outdoor space environment. Detailed summarized the main content of sports venues and outdoor landscape planning and design and construction management, the in-depth study of the sports venues and outdoor landscape planning design and construction management method. From the angle of landscape image analysis and planning and design of sports venues and outdoor landscape, the landscape elements simplified and summarized, and the outdoor landscape projects in the planning design and construction management process problems are discussed.
A Study of Color Design in Industry Landscape Architecture Environment
Authors: Zhang Shu , Li Jun , Liu Yi Jie
Published: August 2013

Most of metallurgy industry enterprises in our country were built early and the architectures of which were old while environment colors miscellaneous. With the rapid development of economy and improvement of aesthetic standard, the art and aesthetic of industry architecture environment was paid the important attention. Color plays a very important role in the environmental cognition aspects. It can not only facilitate people to cognitive surrounding responsible and dangerous working environment, but also to allow workers to improve work efficiency and improve the living comfort level. A good relationship with the color and the industry environment is important to our future industrial landscape design and industrial architecture design. And we should present the building colors with new ways so as to create Chinese industrial culture with Chinese characteristics. Based on the industry architecture environment, this article expounds the importance, emotional and functional of color design, and deeply analysis the effect and influence factors of color design in industry landscape architecture environment, and also brought the requirement to color design.
Soil Microbial and Enzyme Properties as Affected by Long-Term Exposure to Phthalate Esters
Authors: Chen Hui Lun , Yao Jun , Wang Fei
Published: August 2013

In this study, an isothermal microcalorimetry was used to demonstrate the long-term impact of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), dipropyl phthalate (DBP), dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and dicyclohexyl phthalate (DEHP) on the soil microbial activity. Generally, the toxicity order of four phthalate esters (PAEs) is DBP>DMP>DOP>DEHP. The PAEs show inhibitory effect when the soil was exposed to PAEs for 10 days and the PAEs will have a small stimulate effect after 30 days, and then the PAEs inhibit the soil microorganisms again. The effect of PAEs on soil microbial activity is almost the same as those on urease activity.
Assessment on Flood Disaster Based on Projection Pursuit Model and Chaotic Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Liao Li , Zhou Jian Zhong , Zou Qiang
Published: August 2013

In allusion to the problem of flood disaster classification, this paper proposes a chaotic differential evolution algorithm for to calculate the best projection direction for a projection pursuit model. By using polynomial function and penalty function, the objective function can be solved more perfectly. The new algorithm has been examined and tested with a real flood disaster.
Management of Water Quality Information in Mining Subsidence Waterlogged Area
Authors: Hui Guo
Published: August 2013

Based of the technology of CAD VBA and Access database, the program of water quality monitoring information management in mining subsidence area is developed; it mainly includes functions of attribute query, attribute edition, visualization of water monitoring point. The table structure in monitoring point attribute database is designed, and problem of dynamic linkage between drawing data and attribute data is solved. The key code about them is given in the paper. The program can provide some decision support for reasonable use of water resources and environment protection in the mine area, and will promote the more scientific and sustainable development of mine area.
Study on Pre-Warning Mechanism of Water Resources Security
Authors: Liu Li , Chang Ming Qi , Wang Yue , Xu Lei
Published: August 2013

Pre-warning system of water resources security is a multi-level and complex system made of many factors. By analyzing current situation of water resources security pre-warning, operating mechanism of water resources security pre-warning system is put forward, Logic, time and knowledge related to operating mechanism are discussed. For pre-warning threshold decision is one of key technology in water resources security pre-warning, warning threshold decision and warning degree classification of water resources security pre-warning are set forth. These methods are systematic method, control chart method, synthetic judgement method, catastrophism method and expert decision method. Adopting the water resources security pre-warning system, situation can be analyzed and predicted promptly and effectively.
The Effect of Different Flooding Duration on Soil Organic Carbon and its Labile Fraction in the Riparian Zone of Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Authors: Zeng Fu Yang , Jia Guo Mei , Chen Fang Qing , Cao Lei
Published: August 2013

The labile fractions of organic carbon (OC) in soil can respond rapidly to changes in C supply and have been suggested as a sensitive indicator of soil quality. The object is to determine soil organic C and its labile fractions at the duration of different flooding. Three elevation gradient sites were chose: below 145m (permanently flooding site), 145-175m (seasonal flooding site), and above 175m (never flooding site) in the riparian zone of Three Gorges reservoir Area. The results showed that soil OC, dissolved organic C (DOC) and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSCh) were lower under seasonal flooding sites than those of never flooding upland and permanently flooding sites, whereas microbial biomass C (MBC) decreased with the flooding duration. Correlation analysis showed that soil OC and MBC had significantly positive relationship with DOC. The results suggested that seasonal flooding significantly affected soil OC and its labile fractions in the riparian zone of Three Gorges reservoir Area.
Effects of Throughfall Exclusion on Soil Respiration in a Moso Bamboo Forest Soil in Southeast China
Authors: Li Qian , Zhou Ben Zhi , Wang Xiao Ming , Ge Xiao Gai , Cao Yong Hui
Published: August 2013

Both soil temperature and soil water condition are important factors that influence soil respiration at different forest. In this study, a throughfall exclusion experiment was carried out to explore effects of increased soil temperature and decreased soil water content on soil respirations in the bamboo forest in North Zhejiang of China. The results showed that 1) monthly variation in soil respiration ranges from 2.00 to 0.63μmol·m-2·s-1 and 2.20 to 0.66μmolm-2s-1in throughfall exclusion and control plots respectively. The soil respiration monthly variation following the monthly variation of soil temperature and in contrast to the monthly soil water content. 2) Soil temperature can explain 65.5%and 73.9% of the variance of soil respiration in throughfall exclusion and control plots respectively. Multivariate linear model based on temperature and soil water content explained 66.9% and 73.4% of the variance of soil respiration in throughfall exclusion and control plots respectively. Soil water content had no significant relationship with soil respiration. Q10 values of throughfall exclusion and control plots were 5.99 and 4.44.
Aboveground Biomass of Reaumuria soongorica Shrub Effect on Soil Moisture and Nutrient Spatial Distribution in Arid and Semi-Arid Region
Authors: Liu Bing Ru , Yang Jun Long
Published: August 2013

In order to revel aboveground biomass of R. soongorica shrub effect on soil moisture and nutrients spatial distribution, and explore mechanism of the changes of soil moisture and nutrients, soil moisture content, pH, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) at three soil layers (0-10cm,10-20cm, and 20-40cm) along five plant biomass gradients of R. soongorica were investigated. The results showed that soil moisture content increased with depth under the same plant biomass, and increased with plant biomass. Soil nutrient properties were evidently influenced with plant biomass, while decreased with depth. SOC and TN were highest in the top soil layer (0-10 cm), but TN of 10-20cm layer has no significant differences (P < 0.05). Moreover, soil nutrient contents were accumulated very slowly. These suggests that the requirement to soil organic matter is not so high and could be adapted well to the desert and barren soil, and the desert plant R. soongorica could be acted as an important species to restore vegetation and ameliorate the eco-environment.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Related Hydrolytic Enzyme Activities Influenced by N Deposition under Semi-Arid Grassland Soil
Authors: Zhang Guang Na , Chen Zhen Hua , Zhang Ai Ming , Chen Li Jun , Wu Zhi Jie
Published: August 2013

Eight enzyme activities involved in N and P cycling and soil basic properties influenced by four years of nitrogen (N) deposition were investigated under a semi-arid grassland soil, Northern China. Results showed that N addition into soil could cause soil acidification significantly. Inorganic dissolved N (NH4+N and NO3N) concentration increased significantly while Olsen-P concentration changed slowly with simulating N deposition. Soil nitrification potential, protease, nitrate reductase, and phosphodiesterase activities were repressed by higher rate of N deposition caused by higher NH4+concentration or soil acidification. Soil alkaline phosphomonoesterase activities correlated positively with soil pyrophosphatase activities due to the microbial origin of alkaline phosphatase and pyrophosphate. Positive correlation of acid phosphomonoesterase activities and soil TC was also observed in the study.
Research Framework & Key Issues for Non-Point Source Pollution in Agriculture Induced by Water-Loss and Soil-Erosion
Authors: Hao Cai Lian , Yan Deng Hua , Xiao Wei Hua , Yin Jun
Published: August 2013

Water and soil resources are important material basis, upon which human subsistence and development are relying. In the meantime, they are also the fundamental conditions for agricultural production. With the development of human activities and irrational exploitation of water and soil resources, the problem of water loss and soil erosion has caught the attention of the world. Water-loss and soil-erosion dominated non-point source pollution in agriculture, due to its very nature of direct combination with regional food security and ecological safety, is now ascending to a problem of regional-resources. This paper firstly introduced the definition and characteristics of water-loss and soil-erosion dominated non-point source pollution. Secondly a technical framework which was primarily supported by simulation of non-point source pollution in regional agriculture, identification of the mechanism for water-loss and soil-erosion dominated non-point source pollution and the scheme against it is established. Finally key issues such as load module construction for semi-distributed non-point source pollution which based upon component structure, theory and method for total quantity control, and charting the sets of solutions and countermeasures were discussed. The paper may help to establish a theoretical foundation for later research.
Study on Electrical Resistivity Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Soil-Stone Composite Medium
Authors: Wang Kui , Zhao Ming Jie
Published: August 2013

At present, there are only a few theoretical models for researching the electrical resistivity characteristics of multi-phase soil-stone composite medium, as it could be influenced by so many factors. Based on the theory structure models of unsaturated soil electrical resistivity put forward by previous researchers, a theoretical model of multi-phase soil-stone composite medium electrical resistivity properties, suitable for both series connection structure and parallel connection structure of soil stone mixture, is proposed, through which the regular patterns under the influence of water content, porosity, soil-rock ratio, and saturation are analyzed. In line with the results, when the composition of particles are not changed, in the order of sensitive, the main factors that affect electrical resistivity characteristics are water content, porosity, and soil-rock ratio.
Biodegradation and Biotransformation of Lindane by DDT-Degrading White Rot Fungi
Authors: Xiao Peng Fei
Published: August 2013

Lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) was used as the substrate for a degradation experiment with the white rot fungiPhlebia brevisporaTMIC34596 andPhlebia lindtneriGB1027, which are capable of degrading DDT. Pure culture of both fungi showed that about 40% of lindane was degraded after 7 days of incubation, while over 70% of lindane was degraded after 28 days of incubation. Eight metabolic products such as pentachlorocyclohexanol, dihydroxytetrachlorocyclohexane and trihydroxytrichlorocyclohexane were detected from both fungal cultures using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). This is the first report of the biodegradation of lindane through successive Cl/OH substitution pathway by microorganisms.
Analysis of the Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics and Tolerance Ability of Taiwan Protophyte with Ozone Gas Exposure
Authors: Chung Chung Yi , Chung Pei Ling , Gau Hwa Sheng , Lai Wen Liang , Liao Shao Wei , Miaw Chang Ling
Published: August 2013

Plants could make the environment beauty and improve air quality. But the plants need adapt to the growing environment. In the industrial area or cities, ozone (O3) is a common pollutant; it could hurt human health and hinder the plants growth . This research used a custom-made fumigation equipment to evaluate the tolerance ability of 7 species of Taiwan protophyte with 200, 400 and 800 ppb O3gas exposure. The results of this research showed that among all tested trees,Aglaia formosanaandCerbera manghashad the strongest tolerance to O3and then theMillettia pinnataandPalaquium formosanum,Nageia nagi,Terminalia catappain series, theTournefortia argenteawas the least.
Comparison of Soil Liable Organic Carbon in Secondary Forests and Chinese Fir Plantations
Authors: Liu Rong Jie , Li Zheng Cai , Wu Ya Cong , Cheng Cai Fang
Published: August 2013

To assess the effects of land use type conversion on soil liable organic carbon pool, in this paper we collected soil samples in natural secondary forests and Chinese fir plantations that reached mature forest state in Miaoshanwu Forest Ecosystem Research Station of Fuyang city, Zhejiang province. We compared soil liable organic carbon in the depth of 060 cm by means of fixed plots investigation method and laboratory analysis method. The content of TOC, WSOC, EOC and LFOM showed a downward trend with the conversion of natural secondary forests to Chinese fir plantations, and the variations in amplitude were 12.1%-44.9%, 2.7%-11.7%, 1.2%-16.5% and 17.8%-39.8%, respectively. There were significant differences between WSOC and TOC content in the depth of 010 cm. The available ratios of EOC and WSOC of Chinese fir plantations were significantly higher than those of natural secondary forests in the depth of 0-10cm. Soil labile organic carbon and soil nutrients were significantly related to TOC, except that the relationship between WSOC and available P was not significant. The correlation coefficient between soil liable organic carbon and total N was the highest, while the lowest correlation coefficient existed between soil liable organic carbon and available P.
Effect of Different Phosphorus on Phytoplankton Succession
Authors: Ruan Teng Teng , Liu De Fu , Yang Zheng Jian , Zhu Guan Lin , Zhou Jia Fei
Published: August 2013

This study focuses on the analysis of algae growth when nitrogen is enough and phosphorus is different though the method of enclosure experiments. and to determine the influence of phosphorus for algae population structure. The results showed that the optimum value for algae grew isρp=0.14mg·L-1in the different phosphorus concentrations, and algae grew better at phosphorus concentration more than 0.14mg·L-1than less than it. Community structure of phytoplankton has a little change between the experiments.The dominance of diatom is much larger than that of other phylum.The phosphorus can influence algae growth but has little effect on phytoplankton succession.A further research about the reason of phytoplankton succession in Xiangxi bay is needed.
Effects of Water Flow on Growth of the Microcystis aeruginosa in early Summer and Autumn
Authors: Li Lin
Published: August 2013

The experiment was conducted by small perspex ring groove, which generated infinitely long water flow, under axenic condition and constant temperature and light, to understand the effects of water flow onMicrocystis aeruginosagrowth in early summer and autumn raw water. The results showed that the algae growth was promoted and the specific growth rate was accelerated by water flow. The maximum biomass ofM. aeruginosain autumn raw water was higher than in early summer raw water at every flow rate. The optimum flow rate ofM. aeruginosain early summer and autumn raw water were 25 cm·s-1and 35cm·s-1, respectively. The phenomenon may be the interaction of the colloid produced by death and decomposition of algae, and colony formation inM. aeruginosaunder fluid motion. Therefore, The decomposition and morphology ofMicrocystishave an important role to growth and reproduction of algae, the results provided the scientific basis for revealing algal blooms.
Emergy Analysis of Protected Grape Production System in China
Authors: Feng Jian Ying , Lu Shi Ze , Fu Ze Tian , Tian Dong
Published: August 2013

This paper evaluated the energy and emergy characters and indicators of the protected grape production system in the five major producing areas in China based on the emergy analysis. The research results indicate that the total emergy input in the Northwest region is the largest. The protected cultivation in all the five regions is heavily dependent on the purchased resource and nonrenewable resource emergy. The Southwest region is found to have the lowest environmental pressure and the highest sustainability.
Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation of Flue Gas Simultaneous Desulfurization and Denitrification Technology
Authors: Xie Hai Wei , Zhang Yan
Published: August 2013

As choosing a combined SO2/NOx removal technology, there are many factors, which all have fuzzy character. Therefore the comprehensive fuzzy evaluation is the best method. In this paper a two-stage fuzzy mathematics model is presented to evaluate the comprehensive performance of combined SO2/NOXremoval technology by determining factor set, evaluation set, evaluation matrix and weighting set. This evaluation model takes all factors into account while emphasizing key points by choosing the two arithmetic operators max-product and add-product. Eight kinds of important combined SO2/NOXremoval technology, including activated carbon, CuO, NOXSO, SNAP, WSA-SNOX, SNRB, Parsons flue gas process and electron-beam method, are evaluated and the evaluated result is presented. In the situation as the paper assumed, WSA-SNOXtechnology is the best.
Study on Environmental Protection Marketization in China
Authors: Xiang Bo , Shi Jian Hua
Published: August 2013

The increasingly serious environmental problems have become a threat to human society’s sustainable development, and the efficiency of the government to manage the environment is decreasing as well as its abilities is falling short of its desires. Therefore, it will be a trend to change environmental protection measures depend too much on the government and to introduce market mechanism and allocate environmental resources by laws of market for environment protection to develop further under socialist market economy.
Study on Water Ecological Security Evaluation Model Based on Multivariate Connection Number and Markov Chain
Authors: Chen Hua Wei , Gao Xue , Liu Jian , Zhang Xin , Liu Hai Jiao , Huang Ji Wen
Published: August 2013

The research of water ecological security evaluation has important practical significance. This paper integrates the multivariate connection number with Markov chain to construct a dynamic evaluation model and set up the water ecological security evaluation index system from four aspects: water resources, water ecological environment, water management and control, social economy. The proposed model and evaluation index system are applied to respectively evaluate the water ecological security of Shandong Province in 1993, 1999, 2005 and 2011, and forecast its change trend, the results indicate that the proposed model has a efficient performance, the "relatively insecure" grade and "relatively secure" grade alternated in the past, the steady-state level of the water ecological security grade in Shandong province tends to be "relatively insecure", and the trend of water ecological system would rise to "relatively insecure" in the future.
Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Heterotrophic Nitrifying Bacteria from Surface Water
Authors: Zhang Duo Ying , Li Wei Guang , Qin Wen , Huang Xiao Fei
Published: August 2013

For reducing ammonium concentration and guaranteeing safe drinking water, three heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from the Songhua River, which were SFA6, SFA7 and SFA11. When the initial ammonium concentration was about 130 mg/L, the ammonium removal rate of the strains SFA7, SFA6 and SFA 11 were 1.54 mg NH4+/L/h, 1.20 mg NH4+/L/h and 1.27 mg NH4+/L/h respectively at 8 °C. The 16S rDNA sequence results revealed that the strain SFA6 wasBacillus subtilis, SFA7 wasPseudomonas putida, and SFA11 showed similarity toPseudomonas nitroreducens. The biochemical characteristics of SFA6 were quite different from that of SFA7 and SFA11. After 48 h degradation, the NH4+-N (about 5 mg/L) was consumed to 0.23±0.15 mg/L, 0.37±0.20 mg/Land 0.58±0.17 mg/L by the strains SFA6, SFA7 and SFA11, with little NO3--N and NO2--N accumulation. Above all, the strains SFA6, SFA7 and SFA11 could be used in drinking water treatment at 8 °C. The strain SFA6 showed the highest ammonium removal efficiency.