bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved Manual Annotation of EEG Signals through Convolutional Neural Network Guidance
Authors: Diachenko Marina , Houtman Simon J. , Juarez-Martinez Erika L. , Ramautar Jennifer R. , Weiler Robin , Mansvelder Huibert D. , Bruining Hilgo , Bloem Peter , Linkenkaer-Hansen Klaus
Published: September 2022

The development of validated algorithms for automated handling of artifacts is essential for reliable and fast processing of EEG signals. Recently, there have been methodological advances in designing machine-learning algorithms to improve artifact detection of trained professionals who usually meticulously inspect and manually annotate EEG signals. However, validation of these methods is hindered by the lack of a gold standard as data are mostly private and data annotation is time consuming and error prone. In the effort to circumvent these issues, we propose an iterative learning model to speed up and reduce errors of manual annotation of EEG. We use a convolutional neural network (CNN) to train on expert-annotated eyes-open and eyes-closed resting-state EEG data from typically developing children (n= 30) and children with neurodevelopmental disorders (n= 141). To overcome the circular reasoning of aiming to develop a new algorithm and benchmarking to a manually-annotated gold standard, we instead aim to improve the gold standard by revising the portion of the data that was incorrectly learned by the network. When blindly presented with the selected signals for re-assessment (23% of the data), the two independent expert-annotators changed the annotation in 25% of the cases. Subsequently, the network was trained on the expert-revised gold standard, which resulted in improved separation between artifacts and nonartifacts as well as an increase in balanced accuracy from 74% to 80% and precision from 59% to 76%. These results show that CNNs are promising to enhance manual annotation of EEG artifacts and can be improved further with better gold-standard data.
Characteristics and Impact of the rNST GABA Network on Neural and Behavioral Taste Responses
Authors: Travers Susan P. , Kalyanasundar B. , Breza Joseph , Houser Grace , Klimovich Charlotte , Travers Joseph
Published: September 2022

The rostral nucleus of the solitary tract (rNST), the initial CNS site for processing gustatory information, is comprised of two major cell types, glutamatergic excitatory and GABAergic inhibitory neurons. Although many investigators have described taste responses of rNST neurons, the phenotypes of these cells were unknown. To directly compare the response characteristics of both inhibitory and noninhibitory neurons, we recorded from mice expressing Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) under the control of GAD65, a synthetic enzyme for GABA. We observed that chemosensitive profiles of GABAergic taste neurons (G+TASTE) were similar to non-GABA taste neurons (G-TASTE) but had much lower response rates. We further observed a novel subpopulation of GABA cells located more ventrally in the nucleus that were unresponsive to taste stimulation (G+UNR), suggesting pathways for inhibition initiated by centrifugal sources. This preparation also allowed us to determine how optogenetic activation of the rNST GABA network impacted the taste responses of G-TASTEneurons. Activating rNST inhibitory circuitry suppressed gustatory responses of G-TASTEneurons across all qualities and chemosensitive types of neurons. Although the tuning curves of identified G-TASTEwere modestly sharpened, the overall shape of response profiles and the ensemble pattern remained highly stable. These neurophysiological effects were consistent with the behavioral consequences of activating GAD65-expressing inhibitory neurons using DREADDs. In a brief-access licking task, concentration-response curves to both palatable (sucrose, maltrin) and unpalatable (quinine) stimuli were shifted to the right when GABA neurons were activated. Thus, the rNST GABAergic network is poised to modulate taste intensity across the qualitative and hedonic spectrum.
E2/E3‐independent ubiquitin‐like protein conjugation by Urm1 is directly coupled to cysteine persulfidation
Authors: Ravichandran Keerthiraju E , Kaduhr Lars , Skupien‐Rabian Bozena , Shvetsova Ekaterina , Sokołowski Mikołaj , Krutyhołowa Ros´cisław , Kwasna Dominika , Brachmann Cindy , Lin Sean , Guzman Perez Sebastian , Wilk Piotr , Kösters Manuel , Grudnik Przemysław , Jankowska Urszula , Leidel Sebastian A , Schaffrath Raffael , Glatt Sebastian
Published: September 2022

Post‐translational modifications by ubiquitin‐like proteins (UBLs) are essential for nearly all cellular processes. Ubiquitin‐related modifier 1 (Urm1) is a unique UBL, which plays a key role in tRNA anticodon thiolation as a sulfur carrier protein (SCP) and is linked to the noncanonical E1 enzyme Uba4 (ubiquitin‐like protein activator 4). While Urm1 has also been observed to conjugate to target proteins like other UBLs, the molecular mechanism of its attachment remains unknown. Here, we reconstitute the covalent attachment of thiocarboxylated Urm1 to various cellular target proteins in vitro, revealing that, unlike other known UBLs, this process is E2/E3‐independent and requires oxidative stress. Furthermore, we present the crystal structures of the peroxiredoxin Ahp1 before and after the covalent attachment of Urm1. Surprisingly, we show that urmylation is accompanied by the transfer of sulfur to cysteine residues in the target proteins, also known as cysteine persulfidation. Our results illustrate the role of the Uba4‐Urm1 system as a key evolutionary link between prokaryotic SCPs and the UBL modifications observed in modern eukaryotes.
Biodegradation of alkali-O2 oxidized lignins used as dispersants
Authors: Vikman Minna , Fearon Olesya , Kalliola Anna
Published: September 2022

Large quantities of lignin are produced as by-streams via chemical pulping and emerging biorefinery processes. These lignins are typically water-insoluble; however, they can be converted into a water-soluble form by chemical modifications. A novel LigniOx technology solubilizes lignin using alkali-O2 oxidation. The product can be used for bio-based dispersants. This study evaluated the biodegradability of alkali-O2 oxidized kraft, organosolv, and hydrolysis lignin. The oxidized lignins exhibited higher biodegradation in soil and in aquatic environments in comparison to a commercial kraft lignin and a commercial lignosulfonate. In soil, the biodegradabilities of oxidized lignins were 19 to 44%, whereas the reference lignins exhibited only 5 to 12% conversion to CO2. Biodegradation of the oxidized lignins and references in the aquatic environment increased in a similar order as in the soil environment, although the degradation in each sample was slightly smaller than in the soil. The improved biodegradability of the oxidized lignins was due to the altered chemical structure of lignin. Compared to the untreated lignin, the oxidized lignin contained structures formed in aromatic ring opening reactions, making the lignin more accessible to microbial degradation. In addition, the oxidized lignin contained carbon originating from small organic compounds, which are easily biodegradable.
Evaluation of the Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Causality Relationship Between Bitcoin Energy Consumption and Stock Values of Technology Companies
Authors: Gülcan Nazlıgül , Altin Fatma Gül , Gürsoy Samet
Published: September 2022

Energy production is a phenomenon that has always preserved its importance for the history of humanity, as well as where the energy is spent and its consumption are also important. This study examined the causality relationship between Bitcoin energy consumption and Apple, Dell Technologies, Lenova Group, HP, Quanta Computer, Compal Electronics, Canon, Wistron and Hewlett Packard Enterprise has been taken into account to represent technology companies’ stock market. In the analysis, daily price data for the period 12.02.2017-07.02.2021 were used. Toda-Yamamoto (1995) symmetric causality test and Hatemi-J (2012) asymmetric causality test were used for used to determine the relationship between Bitcoin energy consumption and technology companies’ stock values. According to the results of the Toda-Yamamoto (1995) causality test, it has been found that there is a causality from Bitcoin energy consumption to Apple's stock value; according to the Hatemi-J (2012) asymmetric causality test results, it has been determined that there is a causality from Bitcoin energy consumption positive shocks to Apple, Dell Technologies, Lenova Group, HP, Quanta Computer, Compal Electronics, Canon, Wistron and Hewlett Packard Enterprise stock values negative shocks and from Bitcoin energy expenditure negative shocks to Hewlett Packard Enterprise negative shocks. According to the results of the study in general, it is seen that the change in Bitcoin energy consumption has an effect on the firm returns of the companies that sell the necessary tools for bitcoin energy production. From this, it can be commented that bitcoin mining is also effective on the stock returns of technology companies as well as many financial factors.
Cultura do silêncio e educação libertadora
Authors: Silva Daniele Cariolano da , Therrien Jacques
Published: September 2022

O trabalho objetiva compreender a relação entre a cultura do silêncio e a educação libertadora a partir do pensamento de Paulo Freire. Trata-se de um recorte da pesquisa intitulada “Cultura do silêncio na identidade profissional do TAE-Pedagogo do IFCE à luz do pensamento freiriano”, em desenvolvimento no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Estadual do Ceará. Como procedimentos de coleta de dados, recorreu-se nesta primeira etapa à revisão bibliográfica. Em uma sociedade de tolhimento da voz, da palavra e da expressão humana, constatam-se marcas da cultura do silêncio introjetada como inconsciente coletivo, entretanto, a educação libertadora como ato cognoscente se apresenta como resistência à herança histórica de silenciamento, assistencialismo e domesticação do corpo. Tal educação ocorre em oposição aos limites da realidade opressora e do silêncio imposto, buscando ultrapassar o estado de classe em si para se configurar como classe para si por meio da consciência crítica.
O papel do capital político através de alianças de seguranças transnacionais
Authors: Bijos Leila
Published: September 2022

O mundo dinâmico em que vivemos prospera em uma plasticidade multi e intercultural. Neste trabalho delineia-se o problema de pesquisa empírica, cujos objetivos se inserem na integração dos grupos étnicos, a universalidade dos valores e as políticas internacionais centradas em um padrão abrangente de multiculturalismo, que apresenta uma distinção entre a diversidade e os trânsitos implícitos no conceito de ordem “intercultural”. O objetivo principal é trabalhar com cenários de reorganização das Estruturas de Governança Global e Perspectivas para o Multilateralismo nas Próximas Décadas, visando interpretar o significado das mudanças nas políticas de governos e atores não governamentais, como corporações transnacionais e organizações internacionais, e sua convergência para alianças revigorantes e modernizadoras.
A política como negócio de família
Authors: Farago Cátia Cilene
Published: September 2022

A partir das contribuições do Prof. Dr. Ricardo Costa de Oliveira (2004, 2007, 2012, 2015a, 2015b, 2016, 2017) buscar-se-á analisar por meio de um foco sociológico-biográfico (Bourdieu 1989, 1996, 2018), bem como, com o uso da metodologia de histórias de vida de Bertaux (1979), a trajetória de José Richa (PR) com o objetivo de alcançar o seu descendente direto na política paranaense – Beto Richa. Trata-se de buscar compreender em que medida as estratégias políticas do descendente de José Richa encontraram vinculação ou afastamento do capital simbólico construídos a partir da década de 1980 e por outro lado, em que medida se constituem uma “renovação” enquanto estratégias adaptativas desse herdeiro frente aos contextos políticos desfavoráveis e às regras do jogo institucional. Dessa forma, ao traçar um panorama geral sobre o nepotismo e a sua perpetuação nas diversas esferas de poder, podemos perceber como as relações de parentesco são essenciais no atual modelo político e podem elucidar muitas das relações que a caracterizam.
Does raising bank capital limit bank liquidity creation? Evidence from commercial banks in Vietnam
Authors: Thi Pham Xuan Thanh , Ho Tin Huu , Tran Nguyen Ha Thai , Ngo Thanh Phu
Published: September 2022

Little is known about the trade-off mechanism underlying raising bank capital and enhancing bank liquidity creation, as empirical evidence is sparse. Pursuing Basel II target capital seems challenging and costly because it could generate unintended consequences, such as reducing liquidity creation. Thus, the aim of this study is to point out that the pursuit of raising capital to meet Basel II standards in recent years has limited the liquidity creation function of banks.  This finding is reliable and consistent across different research methods, i.e. least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO regression) and the simultaneous equations model (SEM). We chose Vietnam's banking system for this study because applying Basel II in Vietnam has been topical in recent years and also more challenging than in the rest of the world. Our finding strengthens academically the financial fragility-crowding out hypothesis developed by Diamond & Rajan (2000).
PROSES PENGOLAHAN UDANG VANNAMEI (Litopenaeus vannamei) KUPAS MENTAH BEKU PD (PEELED DEVEINED) DI PT. INDOKOM SAMUDRA PERSADA – LAMPUNG SELATAN
Authors: Lestari Andini Wina , Handoko Yudi Prasetyo , Siregar Arpan Nasri
Published: September 2022

Udang merupakan produk hasil perairan yang mudah rusak dan menjadi komoditas ekspor utama Indonesia, sehingga diperlukan pengawasan dan sistem pengendalian terhadap jaminan mutu dan kemanan pangan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu  untuk mengetahui alur proses pengolahan udang vannamei kupas mentah beku, penerapan rantai dingin selama proses pengolahan, mutu bahan baku dan produk akhir, rendemen, produktivitas tenaga kerja, penerapan persyaratan kelayakan dasar dan penanganan limbah. Penelitian menggunakan metode observasi dan survei, dengan mengikuti secara langsung seluruh alur proses mulai dari penerimaan bahan baku hingga pemuatan. Analisa data dilakukan dengan deskriptif, komparatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alur proses pengolahan udang vannamei kupas mentah beku di PT. Indokom Samudra Persada berbeda dengan alur proses pada SNI 3457:2014 dan rantai dingin telah diterapkan dengan baik sehingga suhu udang dan air < 5°C. Hasil pengujian mutu organoleptik dan sensori adalah 9, hasil pengujian mikrobiologi dan kimia sesuai dengan standar serta not detected untuk hasil pengujian antibiotik dan turunan nitrofuran. Hasil perhitungan rendemen pada setiap size telah sesuai dengan standar perusahaan yaitu tahap pemotongan kepala 67-68% dan rendemen pengupasan kulit 82-83%. Hasil perhitungan produktivitas pemotongan kepala, pengupasan kulit dan pencukitan usus telah memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan. PT. ISP telah menerapkan persyaratan kelayakan dasar dengan sangat baik (A) dan memiliki Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) yang baik.
ANALISIS USAHA PUKAT CINCIN (PURSE SEINE) PADA KM. DOA RESTU-01 DI PERAIRAN GORONTALO UTARA, GORONTALO
Authors: Choerudin Hery , Muallim Rahmat , Sadri Sadri , Nurlaela Eli , Sudrajat Danu , Hutajulu Jerry
Published: September 2022

This research took place from July 2019 to June 2020 at the Gentuma Fish Landing Port, North Gorontalo and MV. Doa Restu-01. The study of financial analysis of new boats within one year provides information to the government and the community as an effort to increase fishermen's income. This study aims to determine the feasibility analysis of purse seine vessels in the waters of North Gorontalo. The data taken in the form of primary and secondary data. The data in the analysis uses descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis as well as financial analysis in the form of Profit-Loss (Income Statement), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Break Even Point (BEP), Payback Period (PP) and Return Of Investment (ROI). The results show that the ring trawling effort at Gentuma meets the requirements and deserves to be continued. The results of the calculation of business feasibility in the purse seine fishing business of MV. Doa Restu-01 based on the projected profit and loss (R/L) the profit earned for 1 year is Rp. 113.856.050,-, the cost benefit ratio (B/C ratio) 1.10, Payback Period (PP) 9.61 years, income on investment (ROI) 10.40%, Break Even Point (BEP) unit 68,385 kg and Break Even Point (BEP) price Rp.965,499,137,-
KAJIAN MUTU IKAN PINDANG LEMURU (Sardinella lemuru) DALAM KEMASAN POLYPROPYLENE NON VAKUM SELAMA PENYIMPANAN SUHU RUANG DAN DINGIN
Authors: Permadi Aef , Afifah Rufnia Ayu , Herliza Nova , Asriani Asriani , Nurbani Siti Zachro
Published: September 2022

Ikan pindang merupakan produk hasil perikanan yang mudah rusak, upaya untuk memperpanjang daya awet nya yaitu dengan pengemasan mengggunakan kemasan polypropylene selama penyimpanan pada suhu yang tepat (Wulandari dan Waluyo, 2013). Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui alur proses pengolahan ikan pindang dan mengetahui mutu ikan pindang dalam kemasan polypropylene non vakum selama penyimpanan suhu ruang dan suhu dingin. Metode pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan dua metode yaitu primer dan sekunder dengan analisa data yang digunakan adalah metode statistik deskriptif. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alur proses pengolahan ikan pindang lemuru di UKM Poklahsar Maju Jaya belum sesuai standar SNI 2717:2017. Hasil uji mutu sensori ikan pindang memiliki nilai rata-rata yaitu 8 dan masih memenuhi standar SNI ikan  pindang 2717:2017 yaitu maksimal 7. Hasil uji ALT ikan pindang memenuhi standar SNI ikan pindang 2707:2017 yaitu 1,0 × 10⁵ kol/gr. Pada pengujian ikan pindang selama penyimpanan suhu ruang dengan hasil uji ALT pada hari ke-1 ikan pindang sudah tidak memenuhi standar SNI yang telah ditentukan. Pada penyimpanan suhu dingin pada hari ke 12 ikan pindang sudah tidak memenuhi standar SNI 2707:2017. Uji sensori pada hari ke 1 ikan pindang sudah tidak disukai oleh panelis sedangkan pada suhu dingin hari ke 14 nilai ikan pindang sudah melewati batas maksimal. Pada uji kadar air tidak terjadi peningkatan kadar air secara signifikan dan dengan nilai rata-rata sudah diatas standar SNI 2717:2017 yaitu 60%. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada suhu ruang ikan pindang lebih cepat terjadinya pembusukan dibandingkan dengan suhu dingin..
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN KULTUR STARTER DAN METABOLIT Lactobacillus casei TERHADAP MUTU MIKROBIOLOGI SOSIS FERMENTASI IKAN PATIN (Pangasius sp.)
Authors: Kurnianto Muhammad Alfid , Munarko Hadi
Published: September 2022

Sosis fermentasi ikan patin merupakan salah satu bentuk diversifikasi produk olahan ikan patin yang dibuat dengan teknologi fermentasi menggunakan bakteri asam laktat (BAL). Penambahan starter BAL pada pengolahan sosis fermentasi biasanya dilakukan untuk menghasilkan produk yang terstandar dan aman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan kultur bakteri dan metabolit hasil produksi Lactobacillus casei secara individu dan campuran terhadap mutu dan keamanan mikrobiologi sosis fermentasi ikan patin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk sosis fermentasi ikan patin memiliki pH dan aktivitas air (aw) dengan rentang 4,42 – 4,73 dan 0,967 – 0,978. Pemberian perlakuan secara signifikan mempengaruhi mutu mikrobiologi sosis fermentasi ikan patin. Perlakuan penambahan BAL maupun kombinasi BAL dan metabolit setelah pematangan 28 hari memiliki kandungan angka lempeng total (ALT) dan total Enterobacteriaceae tidak berbeda nyata, serta tidak ditemukan cemaran E. coli dan Salmonella sp. Sementara itu, perlakuan penambahan metabolit memiliki ALT dan BAL terendah, serta ditemukan cemaran E. coli pada produk setelah pematangan 28 hari. Perlakuan kombinasi BAL dan metabolit merupakan perlakuan terbaik karena mampu menjaga produk tetap memenuhi standar keamanan mikrobiologi sosis hingga masa pematangan selesai dengan kandungan BAL tertinggi.
A legislative theatre study of simultaneous interpretation in legal proceedings
Authors: Huws Catrin Fflûr , Jewell Rhianedd M , Binks Hanna
Published: September 2022

This paper explores simultaneous interpretation in legal proceedings. Using the legislative theatre techniques of Augusto Boal within the specific circumstances of Welsh and English in courts in Wales, the study explores a mock jury's response to experiences of hearing proceedings via simultaneous interpretation. The study explores the impact of the interpreter's presence on the process and considers the extent to which bilingual participants in the legal process are aware of non-bilinguals’ different experiences, and the extent to which those who listen to the proceedings via an interpreter may conflate the identity of the party/witness with that of the interpreter. It concludes with a number of recommendations in order to make monolinguals and bilinguals aware of the effects of interpretation and of the interpreter's impact on communication.
Evaluation of the Water Quality Parameters from Different Point Sources: A Case Study of West Bengal
Authors: Roy Rupak , Sarkar Silpi , Kotak Riddhi , Nandi Duttatreya , Shil Saurav , Singha Sudatta , Sharma Komal , Tarafdar Sambit
Published: September 2022

The cosmos is made up of the five elements Earth, Water, Air, Fire, and Space. All of these resources that support life are now being polluted by anthropogenic activities due to industrial development. The destruction and pollution of the environment, which negatively affects water
sources, are greatly exacerbated by human activity, particularly industrialization and agricultural practices. In terms of appropriateness, water's chemical, physical, and biological qualities define its quality. The current study focuses on the evaluation of water quality from various sources
of domestic sewage, industrial sewage, and anthropogenic sewage by estimating various quality indicators (also known as physicochemical parameters) such as temperature, pH, Dissolved oxygen (DO), Electrical conductivity (EC), chlorides, sulphates, phosphates, Total hardness (TH), Total soluble
solids (TSS), Total solid (TS), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Biological oxygen demand (BOD5). The obtained results show that there is a significant negative impact on the water quality caused by the discharge of various effluents. Among all, the most
detrimental effect on the deterioration of the water quality parameter was found to be caused by industrial effluents mixing with the water. In light of this, the present study suggested a novel method for characterizing the water quality from various point sources. The authors firmly feel
that this work will be helpful to a variety of stakeholders and will unquestionably aid a variety of national and international authorities in formulating decisions and strategies.
DEGRADATION OF QUALITY AND CONTAMINANTS IN LUBRICANTS OF DIESEL ENGINE FUELED BY B100 OF TRAIN POWER GENERATOR IN LONG-TERM OPERATION
Authors: Sentanuhady Jayan , Robby Muhamad Inda , Santoso  , Rahman Nur Fatah , Muflikhun Muhammad Akhsin
Published: September 2022

The use of biodiesel as an alternative fuel to replace diesel has a positive impact on reducing environmental damage, but, on the other hand, has an impact on decreasing engine performance in the long-term operation, one of which is the degradation of lubricant quality. This degradation of lubricant quality can be characterized by a decrease in the value of kinematic viscosity and total base number (TBN) and the presence of contaminants in the lubricant. This study aims to determine the impact of using biodiesel B100 on the quality of lubricants on train power generator diesel engines. The diesel engine used in this research is water cooled type with an engine capacity of 16.4 liters. The engine is directly connected to an electric generator monitored by DeepSea and works at a constant speed of 1500 rpm for a total of 218 operation hours of research. The lubricant samples are taken in the range of 0 (fresh lubricant), 82, 164, and 218 hours. The average kinematic viscosity values at 40°C and 100°C during 218 hours of operation are equal to 85.26 cSt and 12.705 cSt, respectively. Moreover, the TBN values decrease throughout the operation time. The contaminant laboratory test results show an increase in iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) content accompanied by a decrease in magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) content with increasing operation time. Laboratory tests for other contaminants in the form of Na and Si also show an increase in an insignificant amount and tended to be constant during the experimental.
The bodyless sound and the re-embodied sound: an expansion of the sonic body of the instrument
Authors: Ramos Flores Cristohper
Published: September 2022

The development of recording technologies, audio manipulation techniques, and sound synthesis opened new sonic horizons. At the same time, realising or reproducing these new sounds creates issues of disembodiment and/or a total lack of physical-gesture-to-audio relationship. Understanding the impact these issues have on our perception and comprehension of music becomes central in the light of new creative practices, in which developing hardware and software has become part of the creative process. These creative practices force us to re-think the role of performance and the medium (musical instruments) in the essence of the musical work. Building upon previous research, a set of possible configurations for hyperinstrument design is presented in this article with the aim to introduce novel ways of thinking about the relationship of the physical body of the instrument (resonant body), the sonic body (the acoustic phenomena unfolding in a physical space), and performance.
Against Augmentation
Authors: Richards John , Shaw Tim
Published: September 2022

This article originated from a conversation between John Richards and Tim Shaw. The conversation is a response to the journal’s theme, Augmented Instruments. Instead of focusing on just one instrument, the authors decided to talk more generally about their overall aesthetic and process of making performance-installations. The conversation touches on augmentation, DIY instruments, unpredictability, and offers the reader examples of their own self-made musical devices. The discussion concludes with three emergent themes: Reductionism, Raw Materials, and Fields of Influence. They hope this transcribed conversation provides a useful starting point for readers interested in Richards’ and Shaw’s experimental approach to electronic music and idiosyncratic instrument design.
Instruments that are more than instruments (and other stories)
Authors: Koutsomichalis Marinos
Published: September 2022

Partly auto-ethnography, partly explanatory research, and partly an exercise in nontypical academic writing, this treatise focuses on music/multimedia instruments (and making paradigms thereof) that celebrate a more or less radical re-thinking of instrument-hood. ’Stories' of a sort are recounted so as to demonstrate the breadth of the many different (fascinating) ways in which instruments can be indeed much more than what the dominant hylonoetic view suggest. Instruments are discussed in broad thematic sections, raising common concerns and outlining related research veins. The author touches upon a surfacing opposition between hylonoetic and morphogenic perspectives and examines affairs of post or ‘hyper’ optimality in DIY making (recounting one last ‘story’). This treatise concludes with sketches for future work — for playful creative explorations and prospective instruments (that are intended to be ‘more than instruments’).
Multimedia writing procedures for musical composition, seven case studies
Authors: Covarrubias Sabina
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this article is to describe the multimedia writing (MW) procedures that have proven to be effective in resolving some of the difficulties faced by composers in: 1. notation of timbre, 2. notation of new performance modes, 3. notation of new vocal techniques, 4. notation of a tonal language in a score, 5. notation of the instructions for the use of the computer programs contained in the work, 6. synchronization of the oral tradition musicians with the audio recordings, and 7. time reduction during the learning of the work. To address these issues, we used MW in six "experiments" —composition projects designed to answer specific questions about notation. These experiments and other subsequent projects allowed us to confirm our findings. In our experiments, MW was a set of procedures that allowed information to be represented in different ways simultaneously. The information can be text, sound, still or moving images, among others. These procedures can be used to record a message with the aim of saving it and transferring it from the composer to the performer. The results obtained demonstrated the effectiveness of MW in overcoming the current limitations of the Western music writing system (WMWS).
Bipolar injury of the clavicle: A case report
Authors: Arcangelo Morizio , Andrea Leone , Claudio Maria Mori
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Bipolar dislocation of the clavicle is an uncommon injury that is a simultaneous dislocation of the ipsilateral acromioclavicular joint and sternoclavicular joint. This injury is rare with fewer than fifty documented cases. Case report: We have reported the case of a forty-three-year-old bike trauma with posterior dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint and fracture of the medial part of the clavicle. Considering the young age of the patient and his requirement for high physical activity, we opted for the operative treatment. First, the patient was operated on with open reduction and stabilization of the acromioclavicular joint with 2 k. wires. So, thanks to conservative treatment at the medial fractures we had a good result. Conclusion: In light of current evidence, no important advice can be made about the treatment of bipolar clavicle fractures. We assume that the restoration of the anatomy of the acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints should be the aim of the treatment for this rare injury. Nevertheless, the treatment of a bipolar clavicle injury depends on different factors: injury pattern, age of the patient, daily activities, and comorbidity.
Recurrent primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma in young female patient from Ethiopia: A Case Report
Authors: Temesgen Assefa Ayele , Abel Tenaw Tessema , Fisihatsion Tadesse
Published: September 2022

Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (PC-ALCL) is a CD30+ lymphoproliferative disease of the skin characterized by single or focal nodules or plaques that ulcerate over time. Diagnosis of PC-ALCL relies heavily on clinicopathological correlations because of the potential morphological, clinical, and molecular overlap with other cutaneous CD30+ LPDs. Histopathologic features include diffuse nonepidermotropic infiltrates with an adherent layer of large undifferentiated CD30+ tumor cells. The Exact incidence of PC-ALCL is not known partially because of the difficulty differentiating from the variety of CD30+ Lymphoproliferative disorders. Only a few cases are reported even from developed countries & reports from developing countries are lacking. We present a possible case of primary cutaneous Anaplastic Large cell Lymphoma in a 20 years old Female patient who presented with a 2 months history of lateral neck swelling.
Monkey menace in Kwa Vonza/Yatta Ward, Kitui County, Kenya: Threat to food and nutrition security and sustainable livelihoods
Authors: Sylvester K Mutavi
Published: September 2022

Since time immemorial, farmers in the arid and semi-arid lands in Kitui County have had many challenges in attaining food and nutrition security. This is largely attributed to inadequate rains, crop diseases, pests, and crop damage by wild animals among others factors. However, the monkey menace and its threats to food security and sustainable livelihoods in Kitui County are not documented. On this basis, a socio-economic survey was carried out in Kwa Vonza/Yatta ward, Kitui Rural constituency in Kitui County to establish i) the extent of damage by monkeys in the ecosystems ii) socio-economic impacts caused by monkeys iii) mitigation measures employed to control the monkey menace in Kitui rural constituency. The socio-economic survey, using one hundred and fifty (150) respondents, revealed that 65% of the respondents indicated that the monkey menace was a threat to food security, and human and livestock life. The respondents noted that monkeys damage their crops (cereals, fruits, and vegetables) on the farm, kill kids of goats and lambs of sheep, and damage food in stores and kitchens. In extreme cases of dry spells, 25% of the respondents indicated the monkeys caused physical injuries to children when the monkeys are looking for food in their homesteads. The respondents felt that the government, through Kenya wildlife services, should intervene to control the monkey population in the hilly habitats for the farmers to have gainful agricultural production and sustainable livelihoods.
Intraganglionic injection of AAV into nodose ganglia in mice v1
Authors: Kim Seol-Hee
Published: September 2022

We have developed a novel method of injecting AAV vectors directly into the sensory ganglia, vagal and dorsal root ganglia, of mice. This technique provides for the first time a tool for expression of specific markers in sensory neurons that aid in the tracing of peripheral sensory innervation of organs like the airways and the esophagus.
Nissl Staining v1
Authors: Srivastava Pranay
Published: September 2022

This protocol details the staining procedure and mounting procedure of Nissl staining.
Microscopy-based bead protein-protein interaction assay v1
Authors: Sawa-Makarska Justyna
Published: September 2022

This protocol describes how to perform microscopy-based bead protein-protein interaction assay with GST-labelled proteins as baits and fluorescently labelled proteins as preys. The protocol requires to have purified proteins and allows to monitor protein-protein interaction in an equilibrium state. The fluorescent signal can be quantified.
Chemical colorectal stimuli for GCaMP6f characterization v1
Authors: Feng Bin
Published: September 2022

By adopting our developed high-throughput optical recording system, a large scale of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons were recorded and identified from a whole DRG. Based on this custom-built platform, we functionally characterize numerous chemosensitive colorectal DRG neurons and plot their topological distribution on the DRG. This protocol includes the steps for tissue preparation (colorectum, pelvic nerve, lumbar splanchnic nerve, thoracolumbar, and lumbosacral DRG), optical signal acquisition (GCaMP signals), and processing. Following this protocol, responses of colorectal DRG neurons to chemical stimuli were compared between zymosan-treated and control groups.
Transitions to retirement – Learning to redesign one’s lifestyle
Authors: Schmidt-Hertha Bernhard , Rees Sai-Lila
Published: September 2022

With the ongoing political debate in many western countries on retirement age and ways of designing the transition into the post-professional phase of life, the transition from work to retirement seems to be on the agenda again. The research questions guiding this study are: how do older workers plan their retirement and how do they prepare themselves for it? Which facets of their current conditions of living and working and which biographical aspects have an impact on the way they learn and prepare for this new phase of life? How do retired adults sum up the transition and the significance of learning related to this process? To better understand the ways older workers prepare themselves for this next phase of life, on the one hand, and to contrast their expectations and plans with the actual experiences of those who already went through this transitional process, we collected data from 24 qualitative interviews and from a questionnaire answered by a representative quantitative sample of German adults aged 50 to 69. Some of the initial results derived from this data are presented here. We provide some empirical insight into the transition to retirement and, based on this, point to possible ways of supporting older workers faced with this transition through educational programs.
Acerca de los usos, percepciones y valoraciones de las TIC en personas mayores. Un estudio de casos en el noroeste del Gran Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Pochintesta Paula , Múseres Nuria
Published: September 2022

El sentido ubicuo que tienen las tecnologías de la comunicación define la llamada “sociedad de la información”, caracterizada también por la aceleración tecnológica que funge como motor del cambio social. Estos cambios propiciaron una desigual inclusión digital de las personas mayores, evidenciando brechas de acceso y uso de TIC. De allí que nos preguntamos cómo la población mayor utiliza, percibe y se apropia de las nuevas tecnologías. Utilizamos una estrategia cualitativa combinando 16 entrevistas semidirigidas y dos grupos focales con personas de 60 y más años, residentes en el noreste del Gran Buenos Aires. Los principales hallazgos muestran que el celular es el dispositivo más utilizado. Predomina la idea de que las competencias digitales se encuentran determinadas por la edad (nativos versus inmigrantes digitales). Durante la pandemia, muchas personas se instruyeron en el uso de plataformas y dispositivos en tiempo récord. Más de la mitad de las personas mayores del estudio son usuarios avezados, con un uso variado de las TIC, pendientes siempre de aggiornarse. Si bien es alentador, la otra mitad aún identifica brechas y dificultades que impiden un uso pleno de las TIC lo que cercena el acceso a derechos claves para la inclusión digital y social.
2018 Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretim Programının Solo Taksonomisine Göre İncelenmesi
Authors: BURSA Sercan
Published: September 2022

Formal eğitimin belirleyici unsurlarından biri olan eğitim programlarına, program boyutlarından biri olan amaçlar yön vermektedir. Eğitim programlarının amaçlarının oluşturulmasında ve yazılmasında taksonomilerden yararlanılmaktadır. Bu taksonomilerden biri de SOLO taksonomisidir. SOLO taksonomisi dört boyuttan oluşmaktadır. Bu boyutlar; tek yönlü yapı, çok yönlü yapı, ilişkisel yapı ve soyutlanmış yapıdır. Bu araştırmanın amacı 2018 Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretim Programı’nın (SBÖP) SOLO taksonomisine göre incelenmesidir. Nitel araştırma yaklaşımlardan biri olan doküman incelemesi ile gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmanın verileri 2018 SBÖP 4-7. sınıf kazanımlarıdır. Betimsel bir şekilde analiz edilen çalışma verileri iki uzmanın görüşüne sunulmuştur. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre 2018 SBÖP kazanımlarının çoğunluğunun ilişkisel yapı evresinde olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca sınıf düzeyi arttıkça üst düzey bilişsel süreçlere işaret eden boyutlardaki kazanımların sayısı da artış göstermektedir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre sosyal bilgiler dersi öğretim programlarının oluşturulması ve güncellenmesi için yapılan çalışmalarda SOLO taksonomisinin de göz önünde bulundurulması önerilmektedir.
İlköğretim Matematik Öğretmenlerinin Problem Çözme ile İlgili Görüşleri
Authors: ALTINTAŞ Esra , İLGÜN Şükrü , ANGAY Meltem
Published: September 2022

Araştırmanın amacı, ilköğretim matematik öğretmenlerinin rutin ve rutin olmayan problemler, derslerde kullandıkları stratejiler ve öğrencilerin problem çözme becerileri hakkındaki görüşlerini incelemektir. İlköğretim matematik öğretmenlerinin problem çözme ile ilgili görüşlerinin bilinmesinin, öğrencilerin problem çözmedeki başarısızlıklarını anlamada ve eksikliklerin belirlenmesinde yol gösterici olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu araştırmanın yöntemi nitel araştırma yöntemi, modeli ise durum çalışmasıdır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Bitlis’te görev yapan 15 ilköğretim matematik öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüş formuyla veriler toplanmış ve içerik analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlara bakıldığında öğretmenlerin derslerde daha çok rutin problemleri kullandığı, problem çözme stratejilerini kullanmada yetersiz kaldığı, derslerde çoğunlukla kendi ürettikleri problemi kullandıkları, rutin olmayan problemlerin öğrencilerin üst bilişsel becerilerini geliştirdiği ancak her öğrenciye hitap etmediğini, başarısı düşük olan öğrencilerde motivasyon düşüklüğüne sebep olduğunu bu yüzden rutin olmayan problemleri derslerinde pek kullanmadıklarını, öğrencilerin problem çözerken genellikle problemi anlama basamağında zorlandıklarını, ders kitaplarında problem çeşitliliğinin yetersiz olduğunu, öğrencilerde problem çözme becerilerini geliştirmek için okuma-anlama etkinlikleri yapmanın ve problem durumuyla öğrencileri çok fazla karşılaştırmanın etkili olduğunu belirttikleri görülmüştür.
Indications for open hepatectomy in the era of laparoscopic liver resection: a high volume single institutional study
Authors: Jo Sung Jun , Rhu Jinsoo , Kim Jong Man , Choi Gyu-Seong , Joh Jae-Won
Published: September 2022

Background/Aim: Since the introduction of laparoscopy for liver resection in the 1990s, the performance of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) has been steadily increasing. However, there is currently no data on the extent to which laparoscopy is used for liver resection. Herein, we investigated the extent to which laparoscopy is performed in liver resection and sought to determine whether surgeons prefer laparoscopy or laparotomy in the posterosuperior (PS) segment.Methods: For this retrospective observational study, we enrolled patients who had undergone liver resection at the Samsung Medical Center between January 2020 and December 2021. The proportion of LLR in liver resection was calculated, and the incidence and causes of open conversion were investigated.Results: A total of 1,095 patients were included in this study. LLR accounted for 79% of the total liver resections. The percentage of previous hepatectomy (16.2% vs. 5.9%, P<0.001) and maximum tumor size (median 4.8 vs. 2.8, P<0.001) were higher in the open liver resection (OLR) group. Subgroup analysis revealed that tumor size (median 6.3 vs. 2.9, P<0.001) and surgical extent (P<0.001) in the OLR group were larger than those in the LLR group. The most common cause of open conversion (OC) was adhesion (57%), and all OC patients had tumors in the PS.Conclusions: We investigated the recent preference of practical surgeons in liver resection, and found that surgeons preferred OLR to LLR when treating a large tumor located in the PS.
Bioprinting of Human Neural Tissues Using a Sustainable Marine Tunicate-Derived Bioink for Translational Medicine Applications
Authors: Soman Soja Saghar , Govindraj Mano , Hashimi Noura Al , Zhou Jiarui , Vijayavenkataraman Sanjairaj
Published: September 2022

Bioprinting of nervous tissue is a major challenge in the bioprinting field due to its soft consistency and complex architecture. The first step in efficient neural bioprinting is the design and optimization of printable bioinks which favor the growth and differentiation of neural tissues by providing the mechanophysiological properties of the native tissue microenvironment. However, till date, limited studies have been conducted to make tissue specific bioinks. Here, we report a novel bioink formulation specifically designed for bioprinting and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) to peripheral neurons, using a marine tunicate-derived hydrogel and Matrigel. The formulation resulted in seamless bioprinting of NSCs with minimal processing time from bioink preparation to in vitro culture. The tissues exhibited excellent post-printing viability and cell proliferation along with a precise peripheral nerve morphology on in vitro differentiation. The cultured tissues showed significant cell recovery after subjecting to a freeze-thaw cycle of −80 to 37°C, indicating the suitability of the method for developing tissues compatible for long-term storage and transportation for clinical use. The study provides a robust method to use a sustainable bioink for three-dimensional bioprinting of neural tissues for translational medicine applications.
Bioprinting-Associated Shear Stress and Hydrostatic Pressure Affect the Angiogenic Potential of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: Köpf Marius , Nasehi Ramin , Kreimendahl Franziska , Jockenhoevel Stefan , Fischer Horst
Published: September 2022

Bioprinting-associated shear stress and hydrostatic pressure can negatively affect the functionality of dispensed cells. We hypothesized that these mechanical stimuli can potentially affect the angiogenic potential of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). A numerical simulation model was used to calculate the shear stress during microvalve-based droplet ejection. The impact of different levels of applied pressure and the resulting shear stress levels on the angiogenic potential of HUVECs was investigated after up to 14 days of cultivation. In vitro results showed that bioprinting-associated stress not only has short-term but also long-term effects. The short-term viability results indicate a 20% loss in post-printing cell viability in samples printed under the harshest conditions compared to those with the lowest shear stress level. Further, it was revealed that even in two-dimensional culture, HUVECs were able to form a capillary-like network organization regardless of bioprinting pressure. In three-dimensional culture experiments; however, the HUVECs printed at 3 bar were not able to form tubular structures due to their exposure to high shear stress levels. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into how the bioprinting process should be conducted to control printing-associated shear stress and hydrostatic pressure to preserve the functionality and angiogenetic potential of HUVEC.
3D Printing Model of Abdominal Cavity of Liver Transplantation Recipient to Prevent Large-for-Size Syndrome
Authors: Park Sunghae , Choi Gyu-Seong , Kim Jong Man , Lee Sanghoon , Joh Jae-Won , Rhu Jinsoo
Published: September 2022

The application of three-dimensional (3D) printing has been increasing and we invented cost-effective and timesaving 3D printed model of intra-abdominal cavity which was utilized in liver transplantation (LT) to prevent large-for-size syndrome. 3D printings were performed on potential adult recipients with small cavity and pediatric patients scheduled for transplantation during July 2020 – September 2021. Based on the computed tomography of the recipient, the inner surface of the abdominal cavity was outlined. The line was marked with a distance of 1 – 3 cm. Then, the outlined data were reconstructed as a 3D model and printed by a fused deposition modeling type 3D printer with a thickness of 2 mm. Pillars and footings for holding the lines were printed and assembled altogether. During deceased donor organ procurement, the size of the graft was compared to that of the printed model. For living donor LT, preoperatively planned liver graft was printed and was physically placed into the 3D printed abdominal cavity. All the 16 cases with 3D printed abdominal cavity showed appropriate fitting of the donor’s liver graft to both the 3D printed model and actual recipient’s abdominal cavity with no large-for-size syndrome after LT. Median time for manufacturing the model was 576 min (IQR 434 – 680) and estimated median cost for the filament was US$ 1.6 (IQR 1.2 – 1.7). The 3D printed abdominal cavity model can be manufactured in <10 h and was useful for preventing large-for-size syndrome in small-sized recipients.