bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KARBOKSIMETIL KITOSAN MENINGKATKAN DAYA SIMPAN FILET NILA MERAH YANG DISIMPAN PADA SUHU RENDAH
Authors: Husni Dr.Sc. Amir
Published: July 2019

Kitosan diketahui memiliki aktivitas antibakteri, biodegradable, dan biokompatibel tetapi tidak larut dalam air. Modifikasi kitosan menjadi karboksimetil kitosan diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kelarutan dalam air tanpa mengubah bioaktivitas sehingga memungkinkan aplikasi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh pemberian karboksimetil kitosan sebagai bahan antibakteri terhadap daya simpan filet nila merah yang disimpan pada suhu dingin. Karboksimetil kitosan dibuat dengan cara mereaksikan senyawa kitosan dengan asam monokloroasetat pada suhu 900C selama 3 jam. Sampel filet nila merah segar direndam dalam larutan karboksimetil kitosan dengan konsentrasi 0%; 2%; 3% dan 4% selama 60 menit, kemudian disimpan pada suhu dingin 50C selama 12 hari. Parameter yang diamati tiap 4 hari yaitu Total Plate Count (TPC), Total Volatile Base (TVB), pH dan uji skoring. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwapenggunaan konsentrasi karboksimetil kitosan yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh nyata (P
ELECTROSPUN BIOMATERIALS AND RELATED TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Anindyajati Adhi
Published: July 2019

Electrospun Biomaterials and Related Technologies is a multi-contributed book containing review articles from worldwide authors with industry and academic background. This book is aimed to deliver a compiled overview in biomaterials electrospinning, including strategies, relevant technologies, and state-of-the-art research. The editor, Jorge Almodovar, has chemical engineering background with extensive research experiences and focus on engineering of biomimetic materials. The book consists of nine chapters in 282 content pages. Arranged in a concise format, it delivers a comprehensive but not exhaustive reading text. The chapters cover broad range of topics in electrospinning field, including process reproducibility and robustness, fibrous collagen scaffold, cellulose-based biomaterials, biopolymer nanofibres, green electrospinning, electrospun materials for cancer research, nanofibrous nerve conduits, scaffold for retinal tissue engineering, and smart material. These topics are mainly related to biomedical applications, but studies on environmental engineering are also conferred.
Managing Kidney Failure with Home Hemodialysis
Authors: Ibrahim Ali , Chan Christopher T.
Published: July 2019

There is a resurgence in clinical adoption of home hemodialysis globally driven by several demonstrated clinical and economic advantages. Yet, the overall adoption of home hemodialysis remains under-represented in most countries. The practicality of managing ESKD with home hemodialysis is a common concern among practicing nephrologists in the United States. The primary objective of this invited feature is to deliver a practical guide to managing ESKD with home hemodialysis. We have included common clinical scenarios, clinical and infrastructure management problems, and approaches to the day-to-day management of patients undergoing home hemodialysis.
Diseño de escenarios interprofesionales: Simulación para el trabajo colaborativo
Authors: López León Erick , Barona Nuñez Argimira Vianey , Hernández Gutiérrez Laura Silvia , Zamudio Sánchez Vinisa , Córdoba Aguiar Fernando
Published: July 2019

The simulation applied by area of knowledge as a learning strategy is insufficient to maintain patient safety, this lead to the development of interprofessional simulation scenarios. These scenarios must be written for its standardization, application, evaluation, modification and certification. To achieve all these objectives when writing the scenarios, one should keep in mind that they must contain specific elements that will allow any instructor from an external center or the same one, to achieve them. In this work we present a method to accomplish this.
Hacia una economía política de la competencia. La empresa transnacional
Authors: Ornelas Bernal Raúl
Published: July 2019

En el presente trabajo se establece un diálogo entre tres propuestas de análisis de la competencia entre empresas; así como el papel que en ella juegan instituciones, economías y sociedades involucradas. Estas interpretaciones aportan elementos para enriquecer la economía política de la competencia, tomando como eje el ejercicio del poder que implica la acción de las empresas, en particular la de las grandes corporaciones que modelan el mundo contemporáneo.
Desincorporación del suelo colectivo y el sistema urbano en China 1990-2015
Authors: Xuedong Liu Sun
Published: July 2019

La urbanización es un proceso indispensable para lograr la modernización de una economía, y con ella se esperaría potencializar aún más el crecimiento a través de trasladar los factores productivos desde los sectores tradicionales con bajo nivel de productividad hasta los más dinámicos y, al mismo tiempo, concentrarlos paulatinamente en las zonas urbanas. En un país como China, donde existe una dominante dualidad en el sistema de la tenencia de tierra: por un lado, la que se localiza en las áreas rurales y es de propiedad colectiva que se destina a las actividades agrícolas; por otro lado, el suelo ubicado en las ciudades y es de propiedad estatal con fines urbanos.
Desempleo en América Latina: ¿flexibilidad laboral o acumulación de capital?
Authors: García Luis Fernando , Cruz Blanco Moritz
Published: July 2019

El desempleo en América Latina ha tenido una disminución sustancial durante el periodo 2000-2013. Desde el punto de vista teórico convencional, lo anterior sería consecuencia de las reformas orientadas a flexibilizar el mercado de trabajo. Por otro lado, la visión post-keynesiana sustentaría que la caída de la tasa de desempleo se debe al aumento de la acumulación de capital. El presente documento intenta conocer cuál de estas visiones teóricas es apoyada por la evidencia empírica. Los resultados del panel de datos sugieren que la acumulación de capital es la variable que explica mayormente el desempeño del desempleo. La recomendación de política de esta evidencia es mantener en crecimiento la inversión a través de instrumentos que estimulen la demanda efectiva.
El Estado y el capital financiero en Argentina entre 2002 y 2012. La deuda pública
Authors: Bordon Marisa
Published: July 2019

Con el fin de encontrar indicios acerca de la posición del capital financiero en la dinámica económica argentina entre 2002 y 2012, se han analizado algunos aspectos de su relación con el Estado. El “desendeudamiento” llevó a la desarticulación parcial de la deuda pública como eje de la actividad especulativa, pero conservó su rentabilidad y posición prioritaria en las decisiones de política económica. Por otro lado, la regulación financiera contribuyó a conservar el mecanismo de la deuda y no alteró significativamente la posición central del capital financiero.
Nostalgia del “viejo barrio”
Authors: Girón Alicia
Published: July 2019

Del proteccionismo a la globalización y del neoliberalismo a la financiarización han sido procesos económicos, políticos y sociales que han diseñado un lenguaje que ha prevalecido en los textos de los organismos internacionales, y académicos, permeando el acercamiento teórico y metodológico de las políticas públicas y del vivir de la población mundial a niveles de austeridad y alta rentabilidad.
Regionalismos estratégicos, empresas nacionales y transnacionales de hidrocarburos en Estados Unidos y América Latina
Authors: Aponte García Maribel
Published: July 2019

En el estudio se analiza cómo los distintos regionalismos de América Latina se relacionan con la reestructuración de la cadena del petróleo de Estados Unidos aguas arriba y con la dicotomía empresas privadas transnacionales (EPTN)/empresas nacionales de petróleo (ENP). La investigación se localiza en el marco teórico del nuevo regionalismo estratégico y el de las cadenas de valor que intentan articular conexiones entre cadenas y empresas a través de la minería de datos (data mining). El diseño de la investigación es cuantitativo descriptivo. El análisis de los conceptos (regionalismo, recursos naturales, y empresas transnacionales) se operacionaliza vinculando el constructo con la información disponible en las bases de datos.
Distorsiones y desequilibrios en la dinámica de acumulación de la economía en España
Authors: Mateo Juan Pablo
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo estudia las distorsiones sectoriales de la dinámica de acumulaciónde capital en España, entre los años de 1999 y 2014, desde un enfoque de economíapolítica. La inversión ha estado impulsada en gran medida por la revalorización de losactivos relacionados con la construcción, lo que ha generado una profunda reconfiguración de la estructura económica. Por lo tanto, se precisa de un estudio desagregado por activos y sectores. El aspecto esencial radica en la composición del capital: los sectores más dinámicos han sido aquéllos con una relativamente baja composición técnica del capital, dando lugar a disminuciones absolutas en la productividad del trabajo, así como un efecto precio que ha distorsionado por completo la reproducción en el tiempo de la economía española.
¿Una renegociación en puerta o una fractura del paradigma?
Authors: Girón Alicia
Published: July 2019

Hoy es el momento de determinar si los acuerdos de integración impactaron en el desarrollo económico, político y cultural de los países participantes. Acuerdos de integración como el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) entre Canadá, Estados Unidos de América y México, y otros acuerdos comerciales que se pactaron a partir de la reestructuración económica y la entonces regionalización, a nivel mundial en la década de los ochenta, son parte del debate nacional y resultado de la “Gran Crisis” y la “Gran Recesión” iniciada hace una década.
Education of International Migrants’ Children: A Contribution to the Sustainable Development?
Authors: Omelchenko Elena Aleksandrovna
Published: July 2019

Due to the Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2015, the world community is to obtain a quality education and a possibility for life-long education for everybody. Children from the families of international migrants are the most vulnerable category of the population. At the end of 2017 nearly 36 million of school age children grew in the families of international migrants. The author describes problems of the education of migrants’ children in the context of the importance of achieving Sustainable Development Goals, stated by the international community. There is an analysis of the European and Russian experience in the sphere of organizing access of migrants’ children to preschool, primary and secondary education. The author has gathered concrete statistics concerning the percentage of international migrants’ children at schools in different countries. Some approaches to teaching and creating a comfortable integration-oriented environment for such children are described. Based on analyzing Russian and foreign publications, as well as on her own research experience, the author names main problems that prevent international migrants’ children from the integration into a new educational environment. Special attention is paid to the linguistic, social and cultural adaptation of such pupils. The efficiency of several concrete integration practices and the potential to apply them in Russia is searched. The author shows that there are no approaches to diagnose processes and results of integration by means of education. There is also no legislative basis for the regulation of such processes. It is shown that it is crucial for Russia to elaborate and implement the united conceptual approach to the organization of social, cultural, linguistic and psychological adaptation of children from the families of international migrants. The author proves that the education of such children is an important strategic priority and investment into the future of the whole world.
IS MARXISM A HISTORICAL MATERIALISM?
Authors: Antonov A. V.
Published: July 2019

The paper proves that a historical method in Marxism is not identified to a dialectical method. The logic of history and the logic of its analysis in Marxism do not always coincide. The Logical coincides with the Historical only in eternity as it actually occurs in the works by G.V.F. Hegel. Eternity which has already witnessed everything does not know history any more. In the same way, history also begins there where the eternity comes to an end. Therefore, artificial identification of the Logical with the Historical in Marxism led sometimes to actual mistakes. It is no wonder that it has always caused discussions in Marxism. They are mainly explained by the fact that the deductive, abstract-to-concrete method in which the “General” appears before the “Concrete” is an anti-historical method in its Nature. In real human history the “General” which is generalization of many “Concrete” could not appear before the latter in any way. For this reason, the real historical materialism needs an inductive method of knowledge. Only in that case historical materialism will cease to remain the soviet “histmat” and becomes the real form of a new world outlook. The author is of the opinion that the Party spirit of the Soviet philosophy promoted preservation of the anomalies mentioned in Marxism. The open discussion could help to find valid but not inherited from Hegel relation of historical and logical methods in Marxism.
O TRATADO DE EDUCAÇÃO E MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS: UMA ABORDAGEM FENOMENOLÓGICA
Authors: Dalla Nora Giseli , Manfrinate Rosana , Sato Michele
Published: July 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo fomentar a reflexão sobre as mudanças climáticas e a Educação Ambiental (EA) e refletir como o Tratado de Educação Ambiental para Sociedades Sustentáveis pode contribuir para o diálogo sobre as mudanças climáticas. Por pensar assim, o Tratado de Educação Ambiental para Sociedades Sustentáveis e Responsabilidade Global contribui com o debate frente à atual problemática das mudanças climáticas, levando a comunidade científica internacional e toda a sociedade civil a pensar nas injustiças ambientais e, em especial, nas injustiças climáticas, pois as mudanças relacionadas ao clima atingem a parcela da população que menos contribui com seus processos formadores, ou seja, são as pessoas mais pobres, com menos acesso aos bens de consumo e que possuem relação de subsistência com o ambiente natural que sofrem seus impactos.
“RESISTIR É PRECISO, FAZER NÃO É PRECISO”: AS CONTRARREFORMAS DO ENSINO MÉDIO NO BRASIL
Authors: Ramos Marise Nogueira , Frigotto Gaudêncio
Published: July 2019

Este artigo trata de resistências dos educadores às contrarreformas que incidiram sobre o ensino médio no Brasil. Fazemos uma reflexão sobre a história dos golpes de Estado realizados pela classe dominante em nosso país e sua relação com a educação. Reiteramos análises de aspectos legais, confrontando-os com as propostas educacionais progressistas, reconhecendo a década de 1980 como um marco   na história da educação brasileira. Mostramos como os processos de resistência se fazem na sociedade civil e nas instituições. A vitória de forças de esquerda nas eleições de 2002 abriu caminhos para se confrontar as políticas neoliberais do período de Fernando Henrique Cardoso. O atual governo ilegítimo de Michel Temer ataca violentamente os direitos da classe trabalhadora e, no ensino médio, mais uma vez impede seu avanço conceitual e estrutural, com a atual contrarreforma. Concluímos o artigo defendendo a retomada das lutas em defesa da educação pública universal, gratuita, laica e das concepções da escola unitária e de formação politécnica. Nesses termos, a realização da Conferência Nacional Popular de Educação é mais uma perspectiva de resistência, além da mobilização de toda a sociedade contra o novo regime fiscal e as reformas trabalhista, da previdência e educacional.
A FORMAÇÃO DA CONSCIÊNCIA DE CLASSE DOS SEM-TETO MEDIADA PELA EXPERIÊNCIA NAS OCUPAÇÕES POR MORADIA
Authors: Cunha Clarissa Zagotto da , Machado Vinícius Oliveira , Marsiglia Ana Carolina Galvão
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo analisa a experiência de formação política de trabalhadores sem-teto em ocupações organizadas por movimentos pela moradia e reforma urbana, tendo como base a revisão bibliográfica. Buscamos demonstrar, a partir da categoria “experiência” trabalhada pelo historiador marxista Edward P. Thompson, como as diversas experiências propiciadas pela participação nas ocupações  e no enfrentamento à lógica da cidade do capital possibilitam aos trabalhadores sem-teto construírem uma identidade política. Nesse sentido, o artigo está estruturado em duas partes: a primeira visa explicitar alguns aspectos da cidade capitalista, bem como destacar a urgência da reforma urbana e a legitimidade dos movimentos de luta pela moradia; a segunda destaca o papel da categoria experiência na formação da consciência de classe dos sem-teto.
Herramientas estratégicas para la propuesta de modelo de cadena productiva forestal para Arauca, Colombia1
Authors: Padilla-Puerta Andrea C. , Montoya-Restrepo Luz A. , Montoya-Restrepo Iván A.
Published: July 2019

En el presente artículo se realizó un análisis diagnóstico con miras a identificar acciones para favorecer la consolidación de una cadena productiva forestal en Arauca, Colombia, como estrategia de desarrollo. A partir de una investigación de tipo cualitativo, con consulta a expertos y con una metodología de planeación participativa, se desarrolló un análisis de debilidades, fortalezas, oportunidades y amenazas (DOFA). También se identificaron elementos que dieron soporte para un posterior análisis Mactor® (Matriz de alianzas y conflictos, tácticas, objetivos y recomendaciones) para identificar intereses de los actores de la cadena, y finalmente se propuso un modelo de representación de la cadena productiva forestal del departamento, con sus respectivos eslabones y agentes.
Ensayos de masculinización de trucha arcoíris Oncorhynchus mykiss suministrando Tribulus terrestris en el alimento
Authors: Manrique-Orozco Juan D. , Calvo-Cardona Samir J. , Cardona-Bermúdez Liliana M.
Published: July 2019

Tribulus terrestris (TT) es una planta herbácea que induce la producción de testosterona una vez es ingerida. Con el fin de determinar el porcentaje de neomachos de trucha arcoíris, obtenidos a partir de la utilización de Tribulus terrestris en el alimento; se trabajó con 1.200 larvas 100% hembras adquiridas comercialmente, que se repartieron equitativamente en 12 tanques de concreto. Se suministró alimento balanceado comercial (50% de PB) desde el día 15 poseclosión y durante 96 días con los siguientes tratamientos: 3.000 mg de TT/kg de alimento (tratamiento A), 5.000 mg TT/kg de alimento (tratamiento B), control positivo 3 mg de MT/kg de alimento (tratamiento C) y control negativo con etanol (tratamiento D). Se determinaron parámetros productivos y diferenciación gonadal mediante la técnica de squash. Se midieron parámetros fisicoquímicos del agua. Con cada tratamiento A y B se obtuvo un porcentaje de machos de 2,67% (P>0,05) y hubo presencia de intersexos pero sin significancia estadística. Las ganancias diarias de peso fueron 0,128, 0,132, 0,109 y 0,088 g/d para los tratamientos A, B, C y D respectivamente. Las ganancias de talla se encontraron entre 0,063 cm (D) y 0,077 cm (B); ambas variables tuvieron diferencia estadística significativa (P<0,05). La sobrevivencia, el factor de conversión alimenticia y la incidencia de costos no estuvieron afectados significativamente por los tratamientos. Se concluyó que Tribulus terrestris mezclado con alimento balanceado en dosis de 3.000 mg/kg y de 5.000 mg/kg no induce la masculinización de la trucha arcoíris; sin embargo, no incide negativamente en la sobrevivencia de la misma, ejerce un efecto anabólico significativo, reflejado en ganancias de peso y talla y no resulta costoso utilizarlo comparado con el método convencional de la hormona 17α-metil testerona. No se recomienda su uso para este fin por la ineficiencia. Este estudio es el primer reporte en Colombia al respecto de este tema.
Placentitis bacteriana como causa de aborto en yeguas: reporte de caso
Authors: Ruiz-Jiménez Jennyfer , Perez-Osório Jair , Espinosa-Salazar José A. , Valencia-Hernández Andrés F. , Jaramillo-Hernández Dumar A.
Published: July 2019

La placentitis en yeguas ocasionada por bacterias es una de las causas más importantes de abortos, en Colombia no existe evidencia escrita de su presentación. En el presente artículo se reporta el caso de una yegua Silla Francesa de 10 años de edad, que abortó a los 9 meses de gestación y fue atendida en la Clínica Veterinaria San Jorge - Escuela de Equitación Ejército Nacional en Bogotá. La paciente presentó signos de lactancia prematura y se observó engrosamiento de la placenta, además en los hallazgos histopatológicos predominan cambios vasculares (congestión, edema y fibrina) lo que indica una placentitis aguda. En la tinción de Gram de la placenta se encontraron cocobacilos gram negativos adheridos a la superficie de las células de las vellosidades corioalantóicas y entremezclados con el material proteináceo, aparentemente algunos se ubican intracelularmente; asociando estos fenómenos a un proceso infeccioso por posibles enterobacterias (E.coli o Salmonella spp).
Cambios en los niveles de nutrientes en solución hidropónica de espinaca baby (Spinacia oleracea L.), para su futura aplicación en acuapónia
Authors: Riaño-Castillo Edna R. , Caicedo-Gegén Lida , Torres-Mesa Ana , Hurtado-Giraldo Hernán
Published: July 2019

La espinaca es una planta de alto valor nutricional, mostrando gran acogida en su presentación “baby”. La producción en hidroponía está limitada por la solución nutritiva, siendo la acuaponía un potencial complemento a este factor limitante. El objetivo de esta investigación fue definir los cambios de niveles de nutrientes en la solución hidropónica en espinaca baby. Se trabajó con 24 plántulas de espinaca en hidroponía de cama flotante usando solución “La Molina” en tanques de 50 L; se realizaron 5 repeticiones y 3 réplicas. Para cada réplica se cosechó cada tres semanas, registrando semanalmente variables fisicoquímicas de la solución. Además, se llevó a cabo un muestreo al inicio y final de cada réplica, evaluando las siguientes variables: número y longitud de hojas, área foliar, peso fresco y seco de la parte aérea. Se obtuvo en orden descendiente la siguiente extracción de macronutriente: N>K+>Ca2+>P y micronutrientes: Mn2+>Fe2+. Durante el ciclo de cultivo el pH de la solución osciló entre 6.00-6.97, el oxígeno disuelto entre 4.93-7.54 mg/L y la conductividad disminuyó constantemente a lo largo del ciclo, inició en 1558-1592 μS/cm y finalizó entre 1140-1275 μS/cm. Se obtuvo un TCC= 0.00002-0.00003 g/cm2/día; TRC=0.16, 0.15 y 0.14 g/g/día y TAN=0.006, 0.005 y 0.006 g/cm2/día para las réplicas 1, 2 y 3, respectivamente. Este estudio revela que esta planta podría tener buenos rendimientos en un sistema acuapónico, especialmente por los requerimientos de N, Ca2+>P, no obstante, se deberían adicionar bajas cantidades de algunos micronutrientes, que suelen ser escasos en los sistemas acuapónicos.
A vertikális migráció szerepe a hazai szénhidrogén-felhalmozódások feltöltődésében
Authors: Koncz István
Published: July 2019

A szerző áttekintést ad a tárolók szénhidrogénekkel való feltöltődését eredményező migrációról, különös tekintettel a vertikális migrációra. Megkísérli a mélyebben képződött és a medence sekély részein felhalmozódott szénhidrogének közötti kapcsolat értékelését. A kiválasztott példák — a hozzáférhető geokémiai adatok szerint — megerősítik az ismert mezők szénhidrogénekkel történt vertikális feltöltődését olyan vetőzónák mentén, amelyek összekötik a sekélyebben fekvő tárolókat a medence mélyebb részein elhelyezkedő effektív anyakőzetekkel.
Metodologia para resolução de problemas de fenômenos físicos com equações diferenciais ordinárias
Authors: Laudares João , Furletti Saulo
Published: July 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma metodologia para o estudo de Equações Diferenciais Ordinárias (EDO), a partir da Resolução de Problemas privilegiando diversas representações de modelos. Ilustra-se por completo uma resolução, com os passos presentes na proposta metodológica, que direcionaram a análise dos modelos de equações e gráficos dos fenômenos físicos. O referencial teórico parte da matematização de fenômeno físico com Equações Diferenciais pela resolução de problemas, com base nas representações semióticas, diversificação de representações de objetos matemáticos e análise de modelos. A matematização é dimensionada por leis de movimentos, parâmetros quantitativos e qualitativos. Esta metodologia é resultado de um estudo para suporte aos professores e estudantes dos cursos das áreas de Ciências Exatas, que possuem em seus currículos a disciplina de Equações Diferenciais Ordinárias.
Palavras-chave: Resolução de Problemas. Metodologia. Equações Diferenciais.
Produção de textos matemáticos: a comunicação entre professor e crianças
Authors: Menduni-Bortoloti Roberta , Paula Perovano Ana
Published: July 2019

Durante o processo de alfabetização matemática, a comunicação entre professor e aluno se faz por meio da produção de textos matemáticos. Com o objetivo de analisar a comunicação entre professor e crianças do 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental na produção de textos matemáticos a partir de marcadores, apresentamos, neste trabalho, um recorte dos dados do núcleo de Vitória da Conquista. Esses dados constituem parte do projeto de pesquisa “A alfabetização matemática com o uso de um material didático e a produção de textos matemáticos legítimos por alunos do 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental no estado da Bahia”. Analisamos, sob as lentes bernsteinianas, a comunicação entre professor e aluno numa abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa em que foi utilizado o modelo metodológico da linguagem de descrição. Como resultado, constatamos a necessidade de oportunizar as crianças as produções de seus próprios textos, aproximando-se da aquisição do código, no caso da escrita numérica.

Palavras-chave: Marcadores. Textos Legítimos. Alfabetização Matemática.
Ensino de Matemática e a produção de videoaulas
Authors: Santana Rogério , Januario Gilberto
Published: July 2019

Apresentamos parte de uma pesquisa que explorou caminhos, sugestões e alternativas para a elaboração, criação e compartilhamento de videoaulas com conteúdos de Matemática. Foram utilizados os PCN dos 3º e 4º Ciclos do Ensino Fundamental e a Proposta Curricular do Estado de São Paulo, tanto no estudo para argumentação de educação geral quanto para problematizar o ensino e a aprendizagem da Matemática. Realizamos levantamento em sites para encontrar softwares e recursos que atendessem às necessidades para elaborar, produzir e compartilhar vídeos educativos. Foram produzidas três videoaulas com base nos documentos norteadores, elegendo como conteúdo o bloco temático Números e Operações, destacando como tema a História da Matemática. Descrevemos as etapas que percorremos na elaboração, produção e compartilhamento das videoaulas, e fizemos uma reflexão sobre as expectativas, dificuldades e resultados que obtivemos.
Palavras-chave: Tecnologia no ensino de Matemática. Elaboração de videoaula. Educação de Matemática.
Perspectivas na abordagem das medidas de tendência central emergentes da Teoria Histórico-Cultural de Vygotsky
Authors: Severo Alan
Published: July 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar de que maneira a Teoria Histórico-Cultural de Vygotsky pode contribuir para a reflexão crítica de práticas de ensino das medidas de tendência central nas aulas de Estatística. Para isso, foi realizada revisão bibliográfica e problematizadas algumas abordagens consideradas frequentes no processo de ensino-aprendizagem-avaliação dos conceitos de Média, Moda e Mediana sob a luz de conceitos trabalhados por Vygotsky, objetivando compreender de que maneira a sua teoria pode oferecer uma base sólida de conhecimentos que auxiliem os professores na formulação de suas próprias abordagens para estes conteúdos. Por fim, este levantamento bibliográfico ofereceu indícios de que os professores que ensinam conceitos relacionados à Estatística podem de fato lançar mão de conhecimentos referentes à Teoria Histórico-Cultural de Vygotsky com intuito de melhorar suas práticas de ensino.
Palavras-chave: Educação Estatística. Teoria Histórico-Cultural. Medidas de Tendência Central.
Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin çocuk hakları ve çocuk katılım hakkına ilişkin görüşlerinin incelenmesi
Authors: Kozikoğlu İshak
Published: July 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı, okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin çocuk hakları ve çocuk katılım hakkına ilişkin görüşlerini belirlemektir. Durum çalışması olarak desenlenen bu araştırma, Van ilinde görev yapan 30 okul öncesi öğretmeniyle yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz tekniği kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda, öğretmenlerin çocuk hakları denilince daha çok yaşamsal haklar, gelişme hakları, korunma hakları ve katılım haklarına vurgu yaptıkları belirlenmiştir. Öğretmenlerin çocuk katılım haklarına ilişkin en çok çocukların görüşlerini serbestçe ifade etmeleri ve kendileriyle ilgili karar alma süreçlerine katılma haklarını belirttikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Öğretmenlerin çocuk hakları ve çocuk katılım hakları konusundaki uygulamalarının okul öncesi dönemde öğrenmenin doğasına uygun şekilde gerçekleştiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Öğretmenlerin çocuklara haklarını öğretirken ve çocukların katılım hakkını sağlarken en çok ailelerin geleneksel tutumundan dolayı sorun yaşadıkları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin çocukların bilişsel/gelişimsel özellikleri, kendilerini ifade etmede zorlanmaları veya çekingen davranmalarından kaynaklı sorun yaşadıkları ortaya çıkmıştır.
Clinicopathologic, hemodynamic, and echocardiographic effects of short-term oral administration of anti-inflammatory doses of prednisolone to systemically normal cats
Authors: Khelik Imal A. , Berger Darren J. , Mochel Jonathan P. , Seo Yeon-Jung , Palerme Jean-Sébastien , Ware Wendy A. , Ward Jessica L.
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the clinicopathologic, hemodynamic, and echocardiographic effects of short-term administration of anti-inflammatory dosages of prednisolone to systemically normal cats.

ANIMALS

10 cats with allergic dermatitis and 10 healthy control cats.

PROCEDURES

Cats with allergic dermatitis were randomly allocated to 2 groups and received 2 dosages of prednisolone (1 and 2 mg/kg/d, PO, for 7 days) in a crossover design followed by 9-day tapering and 14-day washout periods. Each prednisolone-treated cat was matched to a healthy control cat on the basis of sex, neuter status, age (± 1 year), and body weight (± 10%). Control cats received no treatment during the 35-day observation period. Clinicopathologic, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic variables were measured at baseline (day 0) and predetermined times during and after prednisolone administration and compared within and between the 2 treatment groups.

RESULTS

Prednisolone-treated cats had expected clinicopathologic alterations (mild increases in neutrophil and monocyte counts and serum concentrations of albumin, cholesterol, and triglycerides) but systolic arterial blood pressure; blood glucose, serum potassium, and cardiac biomarker concentrations; urinary sodium excretion; and echocardiographic variables did not differ significantly from baseline at any time. Statistically significant, albeit clinically irrelevant, increases in blood glucose and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations were observed between baseline and the prednisolone pharmacokinetic steady state (7 days after initiation) only when the 2-mg/kg dosage was administered.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results indicated short-term oral administration of anti-inflammatory dosages of prednisolone did not cause relevant hemodynamic, echocardiographic, or diabetogenic effects in systemically normal cats with allergic dermatitis.
Evaluation of ultrasonographically determined ratios of kidney length to aorta diameter for assessment of kidney size in healthy young dogs
Authors: Kawalilak Lukas T. , Pease Anthony P. , Nelson Nathan C.
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether previously described cutoffs for ultrasonographically determined kidney length-to-aorta diameter ratio (KL:Ao) for evaluation of kidney size in adult dogs are applicable to healthy dogs 1 to 18 months of age and to assess interobserver and intraobserver variability for ultrasonographic kidney and aorta measurements in these dogs grouped according to age.

ANIMALS

82 dogs.

PROCEDURES

41 university-owned dogs and 41 client- or staff-owned dogs of 3 age groups (approx 1, 6, and 12 to 18 months of age) underwent ultrasonographic examination by 3 observers. Kidney length, kidney width, and diameter of the aorta were measured by each observer 3 times, and KL:Ao and kidney length-to-body weight ratio were calculated for each dog. Measurements and calculated ratios for the 3 age groups were compared by statistical methods; interobserver and intraobserver variability were calculated.

RESULTS

Mean kidney length, kidney width, and aorta diameter were smaller, and calculated KL:Ao and kidney length-to-body weight ratio were larger, for dogs of the 1-month age group than for dogs of the 6-month and 12 to 18–month age groups. There were significant interobserver differences for ultrasonographic measurements in all age groups; these were most frequent in the youngest group of dogs and affected KL:Ao for that group only.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results revealed that 1-month-old dogs have larger kidneys relative to body weight and aorta diameter than do older dogs. Interobserver variability for the youngest group of dogs indicated limited usefulness of these measurements and related ratios for neonatal dogs in clinical practice. The KL:Ao values for dogs ≥ 6 months of age in this study were similar to values previously described for dogs > 12 months of age.
Investigation of a novel prosthesis technique for extracapsular stabilization of cranial cruciate ligament–deficient stifle joints in adult cattle
Authors: Lozier Joseph W. , Niehaus Andrew J. , Hinds C. Austin , Durgam Sushmitha S. , Jones Stephen C. , Lakritz Jeffrey
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate a novel prosthesis technique for extracapsular stabilization of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL)–deficient stifle joints in adult cattle.

SAMPLE

13 cadaveric bovine stifle joint specimens.

PROCEDURES

In the first of 3 study phases, the most isometric points on the distal aspect of the femur (distal femur) and proximal aspect of the tibia (proximal tibia) were determined from measurements obtained from lateromedial radiographs of a stifle joint specimen maintained at angles of 135°, 90°, 65°, and 35°. During phase 2, 800-lb-test monofilament nylon leader line was cut into 73-cm-long segments. Each segment was secured in a loop by use of 2, 3, or 4 crimping sleeves such that there were 12 replicates for each construct. Each loop was distracted to failure at a constant rate of 1 mm/s. Mean force at failure and elongation and mode of failure were compared among the 3 constructs. During phase 3, bone tunnels were created in the distal femur and proximal tibia at the isometric points identified during phase 1 in each of 12 CCL-deficient stifle joint specimens. The 3-sleeve construct was applied to each specimen. Specimens were distracted to failure at a constant rate of 1 mm/s.

RESULTS

Among the 3 constructs evaluated, the 3-sleeve construct was considered optimal in terms of strength and amount of foreign material. In phase 3, all replicates failed because of suture slippage.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Use of 800-lb-test monofilament nylon leader line as a prosthesis might be a viable alternative for extracapsular stabilization of CCL-deficient stifle joints in adult cattle. Further in vivo studies are necessary.
Effects of stylet-in versus stylet-out collection of cerebrospinal fluid from the cisterna magna on contamination of samples, sample quality, and collection time
Authors: Shamir Shelly K. , Hagen Christopher R. M. , Foley Peter M. , Gilroy Cornelia V. , Yu Jenny , Amsellem Pierre M.
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate safety of stylet-in and stylet-out techniques for collection of CSF from the cisterna magna and to assess whether there were differences between techniques with regard to contamination of samples, sample quality, and efficiency of collection.

ANIMALS

10 adult purpose-bred research Beagles.

PROCEDURES

A prospective crossover study was conducted. Preanesthetic physical and neurologic examinations and hematologic analyses were performed. Dogs were anesthetized, and collection of CSF samples from the cisterna magna by use of a stylet-in or stylet-out technique was performed. Two weeks later, samples were collected with the other sample collection technique. Samples of CSF were processed within 1 hour after collection.

RESULTS

Cellular debris was detected in higher numbers in stylet-in samples, although this did not affect sample quality. The stylet-out technique was performed more rapidly. No adverse effects were detected for either technique.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Both techniques could be safely performed in healthy anesthetized dogs. The stylet-out technique was performed more rapidly and yielded a sample with less cellular debris. Both techniques can be used in clinical practice to yield CSF samples with good diagnostic quality.
Effect of twice-daily oral administration of a chondroitin sulfate–containing supplement on urine chondroitin sulfate concentrations in dogs
Authors: Wood Michael W. , Barrett-Wilt Gregory A.
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

To quantify the magnitude and duration of changes in urine chondroitin sulfate concentration (uCS) as a result of oral administration of a chondroitin sulfate–containing supplement in dogs.

ANIMALS

8 healthy privately owned dogs.

PROCEDURES

A urine sample was collected from each dog via cystocentesis on day 1; free-catch midstream urine samples were collected once daily on days 2 through 5. Pretreatment uCS was established from those samples. Each dog then received a chondroitin sulfate–containing supplement (20 to 30 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h) for 8 days (on days 7 through 14). Urine samples were collected on days 8 through 12 and day 15. For each sample, uCS was quantified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Variable urine concentration was accounted for by dividing the uCS by urine creatinine concentration (uCrea) to determine the uCS:uCrea ratio. Pretreatment uCS:uCrea ratios were compared with treatment uCS:uCrea ratios to calculate the fold change in uCS after supplement administration.

RESULTS

Among the study dogs, oral administration of the chondroitin sulfate–containing supplement resulted in a 1.9-fold increase in the median uCS:uCrea ratio. Data obtained on days 8 through 12 and day 15 indicated that the daily increase in uCS remained consistent and was not additive.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results indicated that oral administration of supplemental chondroitin sulfate to dogs modestly increased uCS within 24 hours; however, subsequent supplement administration did not have an additive effect. A potential therapeutic benefit of persistently increased uCS in preventing recurrent urinary tract infections in dogs warrants investigation.
Sanctuary Cities: A Study in Modern Nullification?
Authors: Simonis Lorraine Marie A.
Published: July 2019

Since Donald Trump’s election as President of the United States, the sanctuary movement has gained prominence as a form of resistance to federal immigration policy. Sanctuary cities and states have attempted to frustrate the Trump administration’s immigration agenda by refusing to cooperate with Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s (ICE’s) efforts to remove aliens illegally residing in the United States. Academics, pundits and politicians have compared this resistance and non-cooperation to “nullification,” a doctrine typically associated with the South Carolina Nullification Crisis of the 1830s and the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798.

This article rejects comparisons between the sanctuary movement and nullification as false equivalencies and explains why the sanctuary movement is not a form of modern nullification. Rather, it suggests the movement is better understood as being similar to “interposition”—a doctrine related to, but distinct from, nullification. In doing so, this paper will clarify the meaning of nullification and interposition by analyzing the developments of these doctrines. Part 1 of this article discusses the historical, theoretical and practical aspects of South Carolina-style nullification, and compares these to that of the sanctuary movement. Part 2 explores the development of nullification and interposition more broadly, with a particular focus on the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798. Finally, Part 3 directly compares the sanctuary movement, nullification and interposition, and it connects the movement to the “anti-commandeering” doctrine articulated by the Supreme Court in the 1990s.
Solving Child Statelessness: Disclosure, Reporting, and Corporate Responsibility
Authors: Brewer Mark K. , Turner Sue
Published: July 2019

Statelessness affects around 10 million people globally, many of whom are children. Many public law initiatives to diminish and eradicate statelessness exist, yet the problem persists. This article explores the potential for the private law to contribute to a solution to this problem, leading to increased awareness of the plight of stateless children among the public, investors, governments, and multinational corporations. In doing so, the article examines the role of the private law in regulating the use of so-called “conflict minerals” in the United States and internationally. It recognizes the contribution made by conflict minerals legislation towards finding an effective solution to the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The article proposes, amongst other initiatives, a legislative solution to the enduring problem of child statelessness, adapting provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street and Consumer Protection Act which requires corporate reporting and disclosure in relation to international supply chains of public limited companies in respect of conflict minerals, and applying them instead to the causes of child statelessness.
Declaration of War: A Dead Letter or An Invitation to Struggle?
Authors: Halper Thomas
Published: July 2019

The Constitution’s declaration of war requirement, superficially straightforward but actually full of ambiguities, originated in a fear of presidential usurpation and recklessness. Yet Congress has responded to political incentives and has declined the assertive role assigned to it. The check on usurpation and recklessness has eroded almost to the vanishing point.
Malaria Perceptions among Medicine Vendors in Buea Community: An Assessment of Knowledge of Malaria and Conditions of Antimalarial Drug Dispensing
Authors: Ajonina Marcelus U. , Ware Kenric B. , Ngonga Deodata B. , Abong Raphael A. , Nfor Carine K , Apinjoh Tobias O.
Published: July 2019

Background: Lack of knowledge of rational use of antimalarial drugs among medicine vendors is a serious problem, notably in areas of intense transmission. These misunderstandings increase the risks of resistance and adverse drug reactions. This study aimed to assess knowledge of malaria and environments wherein medicine vendors dispense antimalarials in the Buea community.

Methods: Administration of a community-based cross-sectional survey of a random sample of 140 medicine vendors living within the Buea community occurred between March and June 2017. The survey sought to obtain information from medicine vendors on their general knowledge of malaria as well as their dispensing practices. Statistically significant findings were associated with p ≤ .05.

Results: The majority of participants were aware that use of insecticide – treated bed nets (ITNs) and maintenance of a clean environment equate to effective malaria prevention efforts.  Alternatively, only one-third of participants correctly attributed the causative organism of malaria to being protozoan. Participants employed within drugstore settings had less knowledge of malaria than their hospital/community counterparts did. A directly proportional relationship existed between the amount of experience that participants had in their respective disciplines with an increased knowledge of malaria overall. 

Conclusion: These findings reveal fluctuating knowledge of malaria among study participants. Reported antimalarial dispensing practices also warrants room for improvement. Routine monitoring and evaluation to prevent emergence of resistant strains to current efficacious antimalarials remains paramount.

 

Article Type: Original Research
Cognitive and behavioral impairment in mild hyperphenylalaninemia
Authors: Evinç S Gülin , Öktem Ferhunde , Coskun Turgay , Tokatlı Ayşegül , Dursun Ali , Bilginer-Gürbüz Berrak , Karaboncuk Yamaç , Yıldız Yılmaz , Foto-Özdemir Dilşad , Pektaş Emine , Sivri H Serap
Published: July 2019

As elevated phenylalanine (Phe) is detrimental to brain functions, determining a safe upper limit of blood Phe is important for initiation of treatment plans and setting Phe targets in hyperphenlalaninemic patients. It is accepted that Phe levels below 360 μmol/L does not impair brain function and hence does not require treatment. Therefore, we aimed to compare cognitive functions and attention-related problems among healthy children and untreated patients with hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA). This study included 41 hyperphenylalaninemic patients (`all HPA group`) aged 6-16 years with untreated blood Phe between 240 and 600 μmol/L and 29 healthy controls. `All HPA group` was further divided into 2 subgroups according to their lifetime median blood Phe levels as `Phe 360-600 μmol/L` and `Phe 240-360 μmol/L` groups. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV), Conners` Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children: Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) were performed as a comprehensive neurocognitive, attention and behavioral assessment. The study illustrated that `all HPA` patients had significantly lower scores on all WISC-IV indexes compared to controls, except for Working Memory. Both `Phe 360-600 μmol/L` and `Phe 240-360 μmol/L` subgroups had lower Full Scale intelligence quotient (IQ) and Verbal Comprehension scores compared to controls. `All HPA` patients also had longer reaction times and more peer problems than controls, indicating attention deficits and behavioral problems. Since the results demonstrated that children with untreated Phe levels between 240-360 μmol/L are at higher risk for cognitive and attention-related problems, lowering the `safe` upper Phe level should be considered.