bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping Contentious Collective Emotions in a Populist Democracy: Duterte's Push for Philippine Federalism
Authors: Montiel Cristina Jayme , Uyheng Joshua
Published: January 2020

This article analyzes collective emotions toward political change in a populist democracy. Taking the federalization of the Philippines led by President Rodrigo Duterte as an exemplar case, we extend prevailing scholarship which focuses on populist leaders' electoral discourse by examining the affective landscape of the populist public in a postelectoral context. Utilizing a sequential mixed‐methods design, we algorithmically classify the stance and sentiment valence of 18,535 Facebook comments about federalism, then we reflexively identify collective emotions based on major discursive storylines across each stance‐sentiment intersection. Our integrated analysis reveals collective feelings of (1) hope and euphoria and (2) vindictive contempt among supporters of Duterte's federalism, while detractors of the campaign express (3) derisive amusement and (4) fear and skepticism. Two of these public emotions may be idiosyncratic to Global South populisms: public fear and president‐invested salvific hope. We discuss the implications of our findings along themes of emotional polarization in a populist democracy, linking political affect with democratic participation through social media.
Plant genotype and temperature impact simultaneous biotic and abiotic stress‐related gene expression in Pythium‐infected plants
Authors: You Ming Pei , Rui Tian , Barbetti Martin J.
Published: January 2020

Under changing climate, plants need combined ability to cope with co‐occurring biotic/abiotic stresses. Understanding simultaneous plant responses to multiple stresses offers unique insights towards developing effective strategies to mitigate effects of such stresses in plants. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR was used to determine and compare relative gene expression ratios (RGERs) of three disease resistance‐related genes, chalcone synthase, GA protein, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and three abiotic stress‐related genes, a LRR receptor‐like protein kinase (RPK), heat shock protein 81, and Trifolium repens cold responsive protein, across seven durations of infection by the root pathogen Pythium irregulare under three temperature regimes in three Trifolium subterraneum varieties of varying resistance. Temperature and genotype drove biotic and abiotic stress‐related gene expression in Pythium‐infected plants. RGERs of tested genes and their relationships differed across varieties, temperatures, and infection duration (ID). These are the first studies to report expression of defence‐related genes in relation to either biotic or abiotic stress in subterranean clover. The current study not only demonstrates how RGERs of tested genes and their relationships differ across varieties, temperatures, and ID, but also highlights as yet unexploited opportunities to use these biotic/abiotic‐related genes together to develop new varieties with combined biotic/abiotic stress resistances in forage legumes that are suitable for changing climate scenarios. Examples could include RGERs of PAL to identify “temperature‐stable” disease‐resistant varieties, and RGERs of RPK to eliminate susceptible and temperature‐sensitive genotypes.
The effect of anger management skills training on anger status of the people with HIV
Authors: Lotfalizadeh Mehri , Miri Sakineh , Foroughameri Golnaz , Farokhzadian Jamileh
Published: January 2020

Purpose

This study investigated the effect of anger management skills training on the anger status of people with HIV.

Design and Methods

This interventional study was conducted on 60 people with HIV. The intervention group was trained on anger management skills. Data were collected using Spielberger's State‐Trait Anger Expression Inventory‐II.

Findings

The intervention group's training on anger management skills showed a significant reduction in mean scores of the state‐trait anger, and anger expression as well as a significant increase in mean scores of anger control‐out and anger control‐in.

Practice Implications

Expert counselors, psychologists, community health, and psychiatric nurses are recommended to train anger management skills to people with HIV.
The economics of Integrated Multi‐Trophic Aquaculture: where are we now and where do we need to go?
Authors: Knowler Duncan , Chopin Thierry , Martínez‐Espiñeira Rober , Neori Amir , Nobre Ana , Noce Anthony , Reid Gregor
Published: January 2020

In integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture (IMTA), species from different trophic levels are raised in proximity to one another and the co‐products (organic and inorganic wastes) of one cultured species are recycled to serve as nutritional inputs for others. IMTA can reduce the ecological impacts near aquaculture operations, improve social perceptions of aquaculture and provide financial benefits for aquaculture producers via product diversification, faster production cycles and price premiums on IMTA products. We review aspects of IMTA’s economic potential and market acceptance and consider ways to address the current gaps in our understanding. We find that adopting IMTA raises the assimilative capacity of the farm and that IMTA substantively reduces the environmental cost of aquaculture. Moreover, integrating extractive species (e.g. invertebrates and/or seaweeds), with existing fed‐monoculture operations, can increase farm profits. The presence of positive public attitudes towards IMTA, as expressed by a willingness to pay a premium for its products, can further increase the profitability of adopting IMTA. Areas requiring more economic research include the development of comparative bioeconomic models of IMTA and the evaluation of competing production systems and their ability to internalize externalities to demonstrate the true value of IMTA to society. Further exploration of economic incentives, such as instruments needed to foster adoption of IMTA, and investigation of marketing opportunities, such as promoting the eco‐certification of IMTA products, are also needed. Our paper aimed to inform economists and non‐economists alike about the latest developments in IMTA economics, and spur further research on critical topics concerning this important subject.
Embryo gene expression in pig pregnancy
Authors: Llobat Lola
Published: January 2020

Pregnancy is a complex process in which significant changes occur continually in both the corpora lutea and in the endometrium of the females and varies depending on the embryonic, pre‐implantation or foetal stages. In the embryonic stages, the majority of genes expressed in the pig embryo correspond to the loss of cellular pluripotency. In contrast, the implantation consists of three phases: elongation of the conceptus, adhesion and union of the embryo to the endometrial epithelium. During these phases, many factors are expressed, including growth factors, molecules that facilitate adhesion and cytokines. All these changes are ultimately regulated by different lipid and hormonal substances, specifically by progesterone, oestradiol and prostaglandins, which regulate the expression of many proteins necessary for the development of the embryo, endometrial remodelling and embryo–maternal communication. This paper is a review of primary gene regulatory mechanisms in pigs during different stages of implantation.
‘Living Together With Dementia’: preliminary results of a training programme for family caregivers
Authors: Sousa Lia , Sequeira Carlos , Ferré‐Grau Carme , Graça Luís
Published: January 2020

The aim of this article was to present the preliminary results of a training programme for family caregivers of people with dementia at an early to moderate stage living at home – ‘Living Together With Dementia’. In this randomised controlled trial, 27 family caregivers who met the inclusion criteria were recruited from the neurology outpatient consultation clinic of a hospital in the north of Portugal and randomised into two groups (control and experimental) between October 2015 and March 2016. The programme ‘Living Together With Dementia’ was applied to the participants of the experimental group. The strategies used, overload, difficulties and satisfaction of the caregivers were assessed at three different stages (at the beginning and end of the intervention, as well as at follow‐up). For the data analysis, quantitative parametric measures were applied. The Health Ethical Commission of the Hospital Centre approved the study, and its protocol and Helsinki Declaration ethical principles were considered throughout the process. In the final assessment, an improvement in the overload and difficulties was confirmed, as was an increase in the caregivers’ satisfaction level and an improvement in coping/problem‐solving strategies. In the follow‐up stage, the results tended to revert towards those of the initial assessment. The programme ‘Living Together With Dementia’ appeared to be a major contribution enabling family caregivers of people with dementia, although there is a need to develop an efficacy study using a more substantial sample. The programme contributed to a reduction in the overload and difficulties borne by the family caregivers of people with dementia at an early to moderate stage living at home and to increased caregiver satisfaction.
Clay mineralogy of Gulf of Papua Shelf and Pandora Trough deposits constrains sediment routing during the last sea‐level cycle
Authors: Wei Emily A. , Driscoll Neal W.
Published: January 2020

The Gulf of Papua inner mid‐shelf clinothem and lowstand deposits in Pandora Trough record sediment source and routing through the last sea‐level cycle on 20 kyr cycles. Clay mineralogy tracked dispersal of sediment from the two types of rivers (wide versus narrow floodplains) to constrain the contributions of river systems to the Gulf of Papua clinothem and Pandora Trough deposits. Fly River sediment has higher illite:smectite than clays from the small mountainous rivers (Bamu, Turama, Kikori and Purari rivers) that drain regions with more limestones. X‐ray diffraction shows high illite:smectite proximal to the Fly River delta that decrease towards the north‐east. Downcore mineralogy of inner mid‐shelf cores reveals that the largest shifts in illite:smectite correspond to changes in sediment units. The relict clinothem emplaced on the Gulf of Papua shelf during Marine Isotope Stage 3 has lower illite:smectite than the Holocene clinothem that has been building since 2 ka and the Marine Isotope Stage 5a relict clinothem. In the inner mid‐shelf, downcore decreases in illite:smectite during Marine Isotope Stage 3 suggest that this region received less clay from the Fly River and more contributions from small mountainous rivers. During Marine Isotope Stage 3, the exposed physiography and narrower shelf in this region may have deflected Fly River sediment more south‐eastward, where it bypassed the inner shelf via the Kiwai, Purutu and Umuda valleys and was deposited in the Pandora Trough. The Fly River may have been more susceptible to valley incision because of its limited shelf accommodation and higher ratio of water to sediment discharge. Such bypass of the inner mid‐shelf by Fly River sediment during the Marine Isotope Stage 2 sea‐level lowstand is recorded in Pandora Trough deposits with high illite:smectite ratios. Inner mid‐shelf clinothems with compositional shifts on the order of 20 kyr may be influenced by shelf physiography, accommodation and the variable incision by small and large rivers.
Quality of hybrid location data drawn from GPS‐enabled mobile phones: Does it matter?
Authors: Yoo Eun‐Hye , Roberts John E. , Eum Youngseob , Shi Youdi
Published: January 2020

Despite their increasing popularity in human mobility studies, few studies have investigated the geo‐spatial quality of GPS‐enabled mobile phone data in which phone location is determined by special queries designed to collect location data with predetermined sampling intervals (hereafter “active mobile phone data”). We focus on two key issues in active mobile phone data—systematic gaps in tracking records and positioning uncertainty—and investigate their effects on human mobility pattern analyses. To address gaps in records, we develop an imputation strategy that utilizes local environment information, such as parcel boundaries, and recording time intervals. We evaluate the performance of the proposed imputation strategy by comparing raw versus imputed data with participants’ online survey responses. The results indicate that imputed data are superior to raw data in identifying individuals’ frequently visited places on a weekly basis. To assess the location accuracy of active mobile phone data, we investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the positional uncertainty of each record and examine via Monte Carlo simulation how inaccurate location information might affect human mobility pattern indicators. Results suggest that the level of uncertainty varies as a function of time of day and the type of land use at which the position was determined, both of which are closely related to the location technology used to determine the location. Our study highlights the importance of understanding and addressing limitations of mobile phone derived positioning data prior to their use in human mobility studies.
Flux balance analysis of metabolism during growth by osmotic cell expansion and its application to tomato fruits
Authors: Shameer Sanu , Vallarino José G. , Fernie Alisdair R. , Ratcliffe R. George , Sweetlove Lee J.
Published: January 2020

Cell expansion is a significant contributor to organ growth and is driven by the accumulation of osmolytes to increase cell turgor pressure. Metabolic modelling has the potential to provide insights into the processes that underpin osmolyte synthesis and transport, but the main computational approach for predicting metabolic network fluxes, flux balance analysis, often uses biomass composition as the main output constraint and ignores potential changes in cell volume. Here we present growth‐by‐osmotic‐expansion flux balance analysis (GrOE‐FBA), a framework that accounts for both the metabolic and ionic contributions to the osmotica that drive cell expansion, as well as the synthesis of protein, cell wall and cell membrane components required for cell enlargement. Using GrOE‐FBA, the metabolic fluxes in dividing and expanding cells were analysed, and the energetic costs for metabolite biosynthesis and accumulation in the two scenarios were found to be surprisingly similar. The expansion phase of tomato fruit growth was also modelled using a multiphase single‐optimization GrOE‐FBA model and this approach gave accurate predictions of the major metabolite levels throughout fruit development, as well as revealing a role for transitory starch accumulation in ensuring optimal fruit development.
Embodying plurality: Becoming more‐than‐homeless
Authors: Jolley Josie
Published: January 2020

Arising from seven months of auto/ethnographic research in an English city, this paper attends to the mundane practices through which we – “the homeless” – renegotiate ourselves to become more‐than‐homeless. The “we” through which these auto/biographies are writ denotes an inflection on the spectral presence of my own experiences of homelessness, spectral because they reflect a historic occurrence brought back in the doing of this research. Affording a unique position of betweenness, this paper thus seeks to add depth and nuance to the homeless literature by emphasising the embodied performances through which we become more‐than‐homeless. To this end, this paper contributes to recent approaches in homelessness research drawing on performativity and embodiment to show how we are neither ontologically nor existentially reducible to our homelessness. Exploring the webs of relational engagements between human and non‐human others, space and subjectivity, the ongoing (re)negotiations expressed in acts of remembering, forgetting, suppressing, misremembering, and imagining, distance the moment of homelessness so that we are able to become someone other than “homeless.” This distancing is not to shade the ways in which we are different. Rather, it is to reveal a dimension of possibilities, both spatial and temporal, through which we resist a subsumption into the singular mass of “the homeless,” becoming instead someone more‐than‐homeless.
Influence of enteral feeding and anemia on tissue oxygen extraction after red blood cell transfusion in preterm infants
Authors: Goldstein Gregory P. , Rao Anoop , Ling Albee Y. , Ding Victoria Y. , Chang Irene J. , Chock Valerie Y.
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

Understanding factors that impact tissue oxygen extraction may guide red blood cell (RBC) transfusion decision making in preterm infants. Our objective was to assess the influence of enteral feeding and anemia on cerebral and mesenteric oxygen saturation (Csat and Msat) and fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE and mFTOE) over the entire time course of RBC transfusion.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Preterm, very low‐birth‐weight infants receiving RBC transfusions at a single center were enrolled. Near‐infrared spectroscopy sensors measured Csat and Msat levels from an hour before transfusion to 24 hours after. During this period, changes in Csat, Msat, cFTOE, and mFTOE were described, and their association with enteral feeding status and pretransfusion degree of anemia were assessed using generalized estimating equations.

RESULTS

RBC transfusion data from 31 preterm infants were included. Infants receiving enteral feeds exhibited lower pretransfusion Msat. Infants with pretransfusion hematocrit greater than 30% exhibited higher pretransfusion Csat and lower pretransfusion cFTOE. Such differences in baseline measurements persisted through 24 hours after transfusion. However, no statistically significant differences in oxygenation measures over time by enteral feeding or anemia status were identified.

CONCLUSION

Compared to NPO, enteral feeding was associated with lower Msat; anemia (hematocrit ≤30%) was associated with lower Csat and higher cFTOE. Over the time course of RBC transfusion, trajectories of Csat, Msat, cFTOE and mFTOE did not differ by enteral feeding or anemia status.
Firms' imports and quality upgrading: Evidence from Chinese firms
Authors: Zhu Min , Tomasi Chiara
Published: January 2020

Using transaction‐level data for the Chinese manufacturing sector, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the causal effect that firms' imports have on quality upgrading. We implement an empirical strategy that delivers quality estimates at the firm‐product‐destination level. Exploiting this measure and accounting for the endogeneity of imported inputs, this paper shows that sourcing from abroad boosts export quality. Moreover, the analysis indicates that quality improvements are particularly strong when firms purchase inputs from high‐income countries. Taken together, these results provide direct evidence that quality upgrading is an important mechanism through which imports favour firms' export performance.
US–Brazilian cotton policies
Authors: Devadoss Stephen , Luckstead Jeff
Published: January 2020

Brazil filed a lawsuit with the WTO against the United States for providing cotton production and export subsidies, and the WTO ruled in favour of Brazil. Brazil threatened to impose retaliatory tariffs if the United States does not comply with the WTO rulings. After a prolonged litigation stretching from 2002 to 2010, both countries agreed to a negotiated settlement wherein the United States paid Brazilian cotton producers to compensate for any adverse effects. This study develops a political economic model to theoretically analyse US cotton policies, Brazil's threat of retaliatory tariffs and the negotiated settlement between the two countries. The theoretical results show that the volume of cotton output, supply price response, politicians' apathy for the public welfare, elasticities of excess supply/demand and the magnitude of US transfers play a crucial role in determining US policies. This study contributes to the literature by being the first to model political economic aspects of the complex system of trade and domestic policies in the cotton industry using a three‐country framework, tariff retaliation and transfers between the countries.
Trends in clinical diagnoses of typhus group rickettsioses among a large U.S. insurance claims database
Authors: Cherry Cara C. , Binder Alison M.
Published: January 2020

Typhus group rickettsioses (TGRs) are vector‐borne diseases that include murine typhus (Rickettsia typhi) and epidemic typhus (R. prowazekii). Twentieth‐century public health interventions led to dramatic decreases in incidence; little is known about the contemporary TGR prevalence because neither disease is nationally notifiable. We summarized administrative claims data in a commercially insured population to examine trends in TGR medical encounters. We analysed data from 2003 to 2016 IBM® MarketScan® Commercial Databases to identify persons with inpatient or outpatient visits with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth or Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification TGR‐specific code. We summarized epidemiologic characteristics associated with incident diagnosis. We identified 1,799 patients diagnosed with a TGR. Patients resided in 46 states, and most were female (n = 1,019/1,799; 56.6%); the median age was 42 years (range: 0–64 years). Epidemic typhus (n = 931/1,799; 51.8%) was the most common TGRs, followed by murine typhus (n = 722/1,799; 40.1%). The majority of TGR patients were diagnosed in an outpatient setting (n = 1,725/1,799; 95.9%); among hospitalized patients, the majority received a murine typhus diagnosis (n = 67/74; 90.5%). TGRs are rarely diagnosed diseases. More patients were diagnosed with epidemic than murine typhus, even though R. prowazekii transmission requires body louse or flying squirrel exposure. Patients from all geographic regions were diagnosed with murine and epidemic typhus, despite historically recognized ranges for these diseases. The epidemiologic misalignment of insurance claims data versus historic TGRs data highlights the challenges of finding appropriate alternative data sources to serve as a proxy when national surveillance data do not exist.
Aplicación de un programa de aprendizaje socioemocional y moral para mejorar la convivencia en educación secundaria
Authors: Sidera Caballero Francesc , Rostan Carles , Collell Jordi , Agell Sara
Published: January 2020

Se llevó a cabo una intervención educativa en 2.º curso de secundaria para mejorar la convivencia y reducir la agresividad. Los 64 participantes (media de edad = 13.57 años; DE = 0.35), divididos en un grupo control y otro de intervención, respondieron a un pretest y un postest para evaluar el cambio en el clima escolar, la empatía, la desconexión moral y la agresividad. Se realizaron 11 sesiones de intervención grupales para trabajar las habilidades socioemocionales y morales del alumnado. Los resultados muestran una correlación negativa entre la desconexión moral y la agresividad total en el pretest (r = -0.526; p < 0.001) y el postest (r = -0.463; p < 0.001). Además, existió una correlación entre el cambio observado en la agresividad impulsiva y el cambio en la subescala de fantasía de la empatía (r = -0.326; p = 0.01). Sin embargo, la intervención no fue efectiva para reducir la agresividad ni para mejorar la empatía o la desconexión moral. Además, empeoró el clima escolar en ambos grupos (pretest: Z = -2.132; p = 0.033; postest: Z = -3.473; p < 0.001). Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones para el diseño de programas de intervención socioemocionales y morales.
Caracterización psicosocial y de motivos de consulta de la población asistente a 28 Centros de Atención Psicológica Universitarios en Colombia
Authors: Colón Llamas Tatiana , Escobar Altare Andrea Paola , Santacoloma Andrés , Granados García Alejandro , Moreno Luna Socorro , Silva Martin Luis Manuel
Published: January 2020

En Colombia, los Centros de Atención Psicológica Universitarios ofrecen servicio de psicoterapia. El incremento de la demanda de atención psicológica en estos Centros y la diversidad de las personas que asisten a los mismos hacen necesario conocer las características de la población consultante y sus pedidos de ayuda, con el fin de producir información relevante que oriente el diseño futuro de estrategias de evaluación e intervención a nivel de la atención clínica y psicosocial.  El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer una caracterización psicosocial y de los motivos de consulta de las personas que asisten a los Centros de Atención Psicológica Universitarios.  Se realizó una encuesta a 1525 personas que asistieron por primera vez a 28 de estos centros durante el período de marzo a julio de 2018, en siete regiones del país: Bogotá, Antioquia, Costa Caribe, Eje Cafetero, Tolima, Huila y Valle del Cauca. Los resultados mostraron que las dificultades emocionales y del estado de ánimo, los problemas de relación con el grupo primario de apoyo y las pérdidas y duelos son los principales motivos para consultar. La violencia intrafamiliar, la afectación directa e indirecta por el conflicto armado y las condiciones de inseguridad en el entorno cercano son factores de riesgo psicosocial en la población. Se recomienda la implementación de intervenciones psicológicas y psicosociales que privilegien las características específicas de los consultantes, así como la estructuración de equipos interdisciplinarios para la recuperación y el bienestar de la población.
Características de la supervisión clínica en las terapias conductuales: un análisis del proceso de supervisión clínica
Authors: Ballesteros de Valderrama Blanca Patricia , Muñoz-Martínez Amanda M. , Novoa-Gómez Mónica , Bazzani-Orrego Derkind , Brandwayn-Briceño Natalia E. , Lasso-Báez Roberto Andrés , Pachón-Basallo Mónica , Restrepo-Vélez David
Published: January 2020

Se presentan las características de la supervisión clínica conductual abstraídas de un análisis de tipo etnográfico de entrevistas realizadas a 18 supervisores de la primera, segunda y tercera generación de terapias conductuales. Los entrevistados contaban con experiencia de 17 años en promedio (DE = 9.85) como clínicos y 16 años en promedio (DE =10.51) como supervisores. Se utilizó el software Altlas.ti 6.2 para analizar y relacionar las características centrales de la supervisión. Los resultados mostraron la supervisión conductual como categoría central con dos subcategorías axiales: factores que afectan la supervisión y proceso de supervisión. Los procedimientos de enseñanza con mayor fundamentación fueron: la formulación de caso, la discusión teórica, la retroalimentación, el modelamiento y el moldeamiento. Se concluye que la supervisión clínica se conceptualiza como un proceso y no como un resultado, y se discuten las implicaciones para los programas psicología clínica en la formación de futuros terapeutas.
Imagen corporal en adolescentes lituanos de 11 a 19 años. Diferencias según actividad física e IMC
Authors: López Sánchez Guillermo Felipe , Emeljanovas Arūnas , Miežienė Brigita , Sánchez Castillo Sheila , Díaz Suárez Arturo , Smith Lee
Published: January 2020

Se estudió la imagen corporal y las diferencias en la misma según actividad física e IMC, en 2942 adolescentes lituanos (1405 chicos y 1537 chicas), de 11 a 19 años. La imagen corporal se midió mediante el cuestionario HBSC, la actividad física mediante el cuestionario PACE y el IMC con la fórmula peso/altura2, clasificando a la población en Sobrepeso/Obesidad según el IOTF. Las chicas se veían más gordas que los chicos (t2935.50= 11.37; p=0.000; d=0.420). Los sujetos que realizaban menos actividad física (t2012.21= 2.57; p=0.010; d=0.115) y aquellos con sobrepeso/obesidad (t392.04= 14.86; p=0.000; d=1.501) tuvieron peor imagen corporal. Se recomienda implementar programas de actividad física y programas psicológicos para mejorar la imagen corporal y la composición corporal de los adolescentes lituanos, prestando especial atención a las chicas, a aquellos que realizan menos actividad física y a aquellos con sobrepeso/obesidad.
Prácticas parentales: un estudio comparado en adolescentes portugueses y españoles
Authors: Mendo Lázaro Santiago , Polo del Río María Isabel , Fajardo Bullón Fernado , Felipe Castaño Elena , León del Barco Benito
Published: January 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar las diferencias en la percepción de los adolescentes sobre el afecto y la crítica que manifiestan los padres hacia sus hijos, y la forma en que establecen y exigen el cumplimiento de las normas, en función de la nacionalidad (portuguesa y española) y el género de los adolescentes. También analizamos la influencia del estilo parental sobre el afecto y la comunicación que perciben de sus padres. Participaron 1260 adolescentes (674 portugueses y 531 españoles) de entre 12 y 16 años (M = 13.98, DT = 1.3). Los datos se obtuvieron a través de autoinformes que evalúan la percepción del Afecto-Comunicación, la Crítica-Rechazo (EA-H) y las formas (Inductiva, Rígida e Indulgente) que tienen los padres de establecer y exigir el cumplimiento de las normas (ENE-H). Utilizando un diseño transversal, y mediante análisis multivariados, de medidas repetidas y de regresión, se confirma la existencia de diferencias interculturales e intraculturales en la percepción del Afecto-comunicación, critica-rechazo y el estilo parental, y que la forma Inductiva es un fuerte predictor del afecto y cariño de los progenitores españoles y portugueses.
Relación del nivel ocupacional, funcionamiento cognitivo y satisfacción vital en mayores de 55 años
Authors: Aguilar-Parra José Manuel , Trigueros Ramos Rubén , Padilla Góngora David , López-Liria Remedios
Published: January 2020

El progresivo envejecimiento de la población obliga a las administraciones con competencias en materia sanitaria a intervenir en los efectos adversos de la falta de actividad física o funcional (depresión, ansiedad, deterioro cognitivo e insatisfacción vital, entre otros). El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar si el nivel de ocupación en actividades básicas de la vida cotidiana u ocio de una muestra de personas mayores de 55 años tiene influencia sobre el grado de funcionamiento cognitivo y su satisfacción vital. Se trata de un estudio transversal, con un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, desarrollado con 302 personas mayores de 55 años de varios centros participación activa (CPA) de la provincia de Almería (España). Los instrumentos utilizados para la valoración comprendieron el Mini-Exámen Cognoscitivo, la Escala de Satisfacción de Filadelfia y el Cuestionario de Conducta Ocupacional de Mayores (C-COM). El análisis multigrupo de los datos también incluyó un modelo estructural mediante path analysis. Los resultados han verificado la influencia de la ocupación en el deterioro cognitivo y la satisfacción vital, tanto en hombres como en mujeres. Las actividades de ocio aportan una mayor satisfacción vital que las ocupaciones del quehacer diario. La actitud hacia el envejecimiento ha sido el factor que ha arrojado una mayor correlación con el nivel ocupacional de la persona. Los datos respaldan la necesidad de unas recomendaciones adecuadas para el diseño de programas específicos que favorezcan intervenciones individuales y colectivas enfocadas al ejercicio, la prevención del deterioro cognitivo y el fomento de la satisfacción vital.
Investigation on Impact Response Feature of Railway Vehicles With Wheel Flat Fault Under Variable Speed Conditions
Authors: Jianwei Yang , Zhao Yue , Wang Jinhai , Bai Yongliang , Liu Chuan
Published: January 2020

Wheel faults are the main causes of safety issues in railway vehicles. The modeling and analysis of wheel faults is crucial for determining and studying the dynamic characteristics of railway vehicles under variable speed conditions. Hence, a vehicle–track coupled dynamics model was established for analysis and calculations. The results showed that the dynamic features of the wheel with a flat fault were more pronounced under traction and braking conditions, whereas the variations in the features under coasting conditions were insignificant. In this paper, a short-time fast Fourier transform and reassignment method was used to process the signals, because the results were unclear when the time–frequency graph was processed only by short time Fourier transform, especially under braking conditions. The variation in the fault frequency under variable speed conditions was determined. Finally, statistical indicators were used to describe the vibration behaviors caused by the wheel flat fault.
Transient Response of Inductrack Systems for Maglev Transport: Part II—Solution and Dynamic Analysis
Authors: Wang Ruiyang , Yang Bingen
Published: January 2020

In Part I of this two-part paper, a new benchmark transient model of Inductrack systems is developed. In this Part II, the proposed model, which is governed by a set of non-linear integro-differential governing equations, is used to predict the dynamic response of Inductrack systems. In the development, a state-space representation of the non-linear governing equations is established and a numerical procedure with a specific moving circuit window for transient solutions is designed. The dynamic analysis of Inductrack systems with the proposed model has two major tasks. First, the proposed model is validated through comparison with the noted steady-state results in the literature. Second, the transient response of an Inductrack system is simulated and analyzed in several typical dynamic scenarios. The steady-state response results predicted by the new model agree with those obtained in the previous studies. On the other hand, the transient response simulation results reveal that an ideal steady-state response can hardly exist in those investigated dynamic scenarios. It is believed that the newly developed transient model provides a useful tool for dynamic analysis of Inductrack systems and for in-depth understanding of the complicated electro-magneto-mechanical interactions in this type of dynamic systems.
Growth of dense, hard yet low-stress Ti0.40Al0.27W0.33N nanocomposite films with rotating substrate and no external substrate heating
Authors: Wu Zhengtao , Tengstrand Olof , Bakhit Babak , Lu Jun , Greene J. E. , Hultman Lars , Petrov Ivan , Greczynski Grzegorz
Published: January 2020

W+ irradiation of TiAlN is used to demonstrate growth of dense, hard, and stress-free refractory nitride coatings with no external heating during reactive magnetron sputtering. Ti0.40Al0.27W0.33N nanocomposite films are deposited on Si(001) substrates using hybrid high-power impulse and dc magnetron cosputtering (HiPIMS and DCMS) in an industrial sputtering system employing substrate rotation during film growth from six cathodes. Two W targets powered by HiPIMS serve as a pulsed source of energetic W+ ions with incident fluxes analyzed by in situ time- and energy-resolved mass spectroscopy, while the remaining four targets (two elemental Ti targets and two Ti plates with Al plugs) are operated in the DCMS mode (W-HiPIMS/TiAl-DCMS) to provide a continuous flux of metal atoms and sustain a high deposition rate. A negative substrate bias Vs is applied only in synchronous with the W+-ion-rich portion of each HiPIMS pulse in order to provide film densification by heavy-ion irradiation of the TiAlN layers deposited between W+-ion exposures. W is selected for densification due to its high mass and relatively low reactivity with N2, thus minimizing target poisoning while enhancing gas rarefaction. Dense Ti0.40Al0.27W0.33N alloy films, grown with no external substrate heating (substrate temperature Ts lower than 150 °C due to heat load from the plasma) and Vs = 500 V, exhibit a nanoindentation hardness of H = 23.1 GPa and an elastic modulus of E = 378 GPa, which are, respectively, 210% and 40% higher than for reference underdense DCMS Ti0.58Al0.42N films grown under the same conditions, but without W+ irradiation. The W ion bombardment does not affect the film stress state, which is compressive and low at 1.2 GPa.
Utility of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nares Screening for Patients with a Diabetic Foot Infection
Authors: Mergenhagen Kari A. , Croix Michael , Starr Kaitlyn E. , Sellick John A. , Lesse Alan J.
Published: January 2020

Treatment of suspected methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) is a cornerstone of severe diabetic foot infections; however, antibiotics can be associated with toxicity. The objective of this study was to determine the negative predictive value (NPV) of MRSA nares screening in the determination of subsequent MRSA in patients with a diabetic foot infection. This was a retrospective cohort study across Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers from 1 January 2007 to 1 January 2018.
Two New Unspecific Peroxygenases from Heterologous Expression of Fungal Genes in Escherichia coli
Authors: Linde Dolores , Olmedo Andrés , González-Benjumea Alejandro , Estévez María , Renau-Mínguez Chantal , Carro Juan , Fernández-Fueyo Elena , Gutiérrez Ana , Martínez Angel T.
Published: January 2020

UPOs catalyze regio- and stereoselective oxygenations of both aromatic and aliphatic compounds. Similar reactions were previously described for cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, but UPOs have the noteworthy biotechnological advantage of being stable enzymes requiring only H
2
O
2
to be activated. Both characteristics are related to the extracellular nature of UPOs as secreted proteins. In the present study, the limited repertoire of UPO enzymes available for organic synthesis and other applications is expanded with the description of two new ascomycete UPOs obtained by
Escherichia coli
expression of the corresponding genes as soluble and active enzymes. Moreover, directed mutagenesis in
E. coli
, together with enzyme molecular modeling, provided relevant structure-function information on aromatic substrate oxidation by these two new biocatalysts.
Transposon Mutagenesis Screen of Klebsiella pneumoniae Identifies Multiple Genes Important for Resisting Antimicrobial Activities of Neutrophils in Mice
Authors: Paczosa Michelle K. , Silver Rebecca J. , McCabe Anne L. , Tai Albert K. , McLeish Colin H. , Lazinski David W. , Mecsas Joan
Published: January 2020

Klebsiella pneumoniaeis a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that causes a range of infections, including pneumonias, urinary tract infections, and septicemia, in otherwise healthy and immunocompromised patients.K. pneumoniaehas become an increasing concern due to the rise and spread of antibiotic-resistant and hypervirulent strains. However, its virulence determinants remain understudied. To identify novelK. pneumoniaevirulence factors needed to cause pneumonia, a high-throughput screen was performed with an arrayed library of over 13,000K. pneumoniaetransposon insertion mutants in the lungs of wild-type (WT) and neutropenic mice using transposon sequencing (Tn-seq).
The Repressor Function of the
Chlamydia
Late Regulator EUO Is Enhanced by the Plasmid-Encoded Protein Pgp4
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Rosario Christopher J. , Sheehan Lauren M. , Rizvi Syed M. , Brothwell Julie A. , He Cheng , Tan Ming
Published: January 2020

Chlamydia trachomatis
is an important human pathogen that causes more than 150 million active cases of genital and eye infection in the world. This obligate intracellular bacterium produces infectious progeny within an infected human cell through the expression of late chlamydial genes. We showed that the ability of a key chlamydial transcription factor, EUO, to repress late genes was enhanced by a plasmid-encoded protein, Pgp4. In addition, studies with
Chlamydia
Pgp4-deficient strains provide evidence that Pgp4 delays late gene expression in infected cells. Thus, Pgp4 is a novel regulator of late gene expression in
Chlamydia
through its ability to enhance the repressor function of EUO.
An Alphaherpesvirus Exploits Antimicrobial β-Defensins To Initiate Respiratory Tract Infection
Authors: Van Cleemput Jolien , Poelaert Katrien C. K. , Laval Kathlyn , Vanderheijden Nathalie , Dhaenens Maarten , Daled Simon , Boyen Filip , Pasmans Frank , Nauwynck Hans J.
Published: January 2020

How herpesviruses circumvent mucosal defenses to promote infection of new hosts through the respiratory tract remains unknown due to a lack of host-specific model systems. We used the alphaherpesvirus equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV1) and equine respiratory tissues to decipher this key event in general alphaherpesvirus pathogenesis. In contrast to several respiratory viruses and bacteria, EHV1 resisted potent antimicrobial equine β-defensins (eBDs) eBD2 and eBD3 by the action of glycoprotein M. Instead, eBD2 and -3 facilitated EHV1 particle aggregation and infection of rabbit kidney (RK13) cells. In addition, virion binding to and subsequent infection of respiratory epithelial cells were increased upon preincubation of these cells with eBD1, -2, and -3. Infected cells synthesized eBD2 and -3, promoting further host cell invasion by EHV1. Finally, eBD1, -2, and -3 recruited leukocytes, which are well-known EHV1 dissemination and latency vessels. The exploitation of host innate defenses by herpesviruses during the early phase of host colonization indicates that highly specialized strategies have developed during host-pathogen coevolution.
The O-Antigen Epitope Governs Susceptibility to Colistin in Salmonella enterica
Authors: Ricci Vito , Zhang Dexian , Teale Christopher , Piddock Laura J. V.
Published: January 2020

Some serovars of
Salmonella
, namely, those belonging to group D, appear to show a degree of intrinsic resistance to colistin. This observed intrinsic colistin resistance is of concern since this last-resort drug might no longer be effective for treating severe human infections with the most common
Salmonella
serovar,
Salmonella enterica
serovar Enteritidis. Here, we show that the O-antigen epitope in group D
Salmonella
governs the levels of colistin susceptibility. Using whole-genome sequencing, we also revealed that increased colistin susceptibility in a group D
Salmonella
veterinary isolate was due to a defect in the O-antigen polymerase protein, Rfc. In summary, we show that two different mechanisms that influence the presence and composition of O antigens affect colistin susceptibility in
Salmonella enterica
.
Modulation of Quorum Sensing as an Adaptation to Nodule Cell Infection during Experimental Evolution of Legume Symbionts
Authors: Tang Mingxing , Bouchez Olivier , Cruveiller Stéphane , Masson-Boivin Catherine , Capela Delphine
Published: January 2020

Rhizobia are soil bacteria from unrelated genera able to form a mutualistic relationship with legumes. Bacteria induce the formation of root nodules, invade nodule cells, and fix nitrogen to the benefit of the plant. Rhizobial lineages emerged from the horizontal transfer of essential symbiotic genes followed by genome remodeling to activate and/or optimize the acquired symbiotic potential. This evolutionary scenario was replayed in a laboratory evolution experiment in which the plant pathogen
Ralstonia solanacearum
successively evolved the capacities to nodulate
Mimosa pudica
and poorly invade, then massively invade, nodule cells. In some lines, the improvement of intracellular infection was achieved by mutations modulating a quorum sensing regulatory system of the ancestral strain. This modulation that affects the activity of a central regulator during the earliest stages of symbiosis has a huge impact on late stages of symbiosis. This work showed that regulatory rewiring is the main driver of this pathogeny-symbiosis transition.
Binding of Host Cell Surface Protein Disulfide Isomerase by Anaplasma phagocytophilum Asp14 Enables Pathogen Infection
Authors: Green Ryan S. , Naimi Waheeda A. , Oliver Lee D. , O’Bier Nathaniel , Cho Jaehyung , Conrad Daniel H. , Martin Rebecca K. , Marconi Richard T. , Carlyon Jason A.
Published: January 2020

Anaplasma phagocytophilum
infects neutrophils to cause granulocytic anaplasmosis, an emerging potentially fatal disease and the second-most common tick-borne illness in the United States. Treatment options are limited, and no vaccine exists. Due to the bacterium’s obligatory intracellular lifestyle,
A. phagocytophilum
survival and pathogenesis are predicated on its ability to enter host cells. Understanding its invasion mechanism will yield new targets for preventing bacterial entry and, hence, disease. We report a novel entry pathway in which the
A. phagocytophilum
outer membrane protein Asp14 binds host cell surface protein disulfide isomerase via specific C-terminal residues to promote reduction of bacterial surface disulfide bonds, which is critical for cellular invasion and productive infection
in vivo
. Targeting the Asp14 C terminus could be used to prevent/treat granulocytic anaplasmosis. Our findings have broad implications, as a thematically similar approach could be applied to block infection by other intracellular microbes that exploit cell surface reductases.
Stable Neutralization of a Virulence Factor in Bacteria Using Temperate Phage in the Mammalian Gut
Authors: Hsu Bryan B. , Way Jeffrey C. , Silver Pamela A.
Published: January 2020

With the increasing frequency of antibiotic resistance, it is critical to explore new therapeutic strategies for treating bacterial infections. Here, we use a temperate phage, i.e., one that integrates itself into the bacterial genome, to neutralize the expression of a virulence factor by modifying bacterial function at the genetic level. We show that Shiga toxin production can be significantly reduced
in vitro
and in the mammalian gut. Alternative to traditional applications of phage therapy that rely on killing bacteria, our genetics-based antivirulence approach introduces a new framework for treating bacterial infections.
Primary spinal epidural lymphoma: a rare entity with an ambiguous management
Authors: Páscoa Pinheiro João , Rato Joana , Rebelo Olinda , Costa Gonçalo
Published: January 2020

Lymphomas are malignant lymphoid tumours arising from lymphocytic cells. They usually develop in the lymphoid tissues and can spread to other organs; however, primary extra-nodal locations such as the spinal epidural space are less common. The authors report the case of a primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the thoracic spine in a 65-year-old man, who presented to the emergency department with signs of upper motor neuron lesion. The patient underwent surgery in order to decompress the spinal cord. The treatment was concluded with six cycles of chemotherapy with methotrexate, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone followed by radiotherapy. At the 24-month follow-up, no signs of epidural lesion or bone contrast enhancement were observed in thoracic spine MRI. Surgical decompression is recommended in patients with signs of spinal cord injury in order to prevent irreversible neurological damage and is related to high rates of disease-free survival.