bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisão Bibliográfica do Perfil Temático e Metodológico da Pesquisa em Disclosure Voluntário veiculada em Edições Eletrônicas de Periódicos Brasileiros e Internacionais entre 2002 e 2018.
Authors: Andrade Barbosa da Silva Aline , Orsato Renata , Scherer Luciano Márcio , Espejo Márcia Maria dos Santos Bortolocci
Published: September 2020

Levantamento efetuado na base Scopus demonstrou que o tema da divulgação voluntária passou por gradativa ascensão entre as pesquisas acadêmicas da área de Negócios, Gestão e Contabilidade, passando de 67 artigos no período 1979-1999 a 887 artigos no período 2000-2018. A relevância do tema foi acentuada com as publicações de Verrecchia (2001) e Dye (2001). Em vista deste cenário, questionou-se: Qual é o perfil temático e metodológico das investigações científicas em “Divulgação Voluntária” publicadas entre 2002 e 2018 nas versões eletrônicas de periódicos da área de Contabilidade? Para tanto, empregou-se técnicas de bibliometria e análise de conteúdo. As amostras selecionadas abrangeram 247 artigos internacionais e 71 artigos nacionais. Como principais resultados, os assuntos mais abordados dentro da temática foram Disclosure Ambiental, Responsabilidade Social Corporativa, Informações Socioambientais e de Sustentabilidade, Itens específicos dos demonstrativos e NEs, Eficiência de mercados, Estrutura e custo de capital – estes dois últimos na amostra internacional. As metodologias predominantes foram modelos econométricos, análise de conteúdo, dados em painel, entrevistas, composição de índices e revisão de literatura – estes três últimos na amostra internacional. Grande parte dos trabalhos são empíricos e explicativos, sendo também os artigos internacionais predominantemente transversais e os nacionais descritivos e longitudinais. Além disso, segundo levantamento da quantidade de artigos publicados por ano, os artigos brasileiros apresentaram coeficiente de variação de 74,40% em 15 anos, em comparação aos estrangeiros com coeficiente de 21,09% em 17 anos, assim, a produção nacional oscilou mais, bem como iniciou tardiamente. Conforme comparação das obras mais referenciadas pelos autores, os estudos anteriores supriram o embasamento teórico e metodológico dos artigos de periódicos estrangeiros, enquanto que no Brasil se recorreu mais a livros e teses. Por fim, ainda foi possível levantar em quais bases e periódicos encontraram-se os artigos e onde se localizam as instituições mais creditadas pelos autores.
Desempenho do curso de ciências contábeis nas instituições de ensino superior da região sul do Brasil
Authors: Grando Tadeu , Martins Vanessa De Quadros , Corrêa Suelen , Gaboardi Bruna
Published: September 2020

O Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes (ENADE) tem o objetivo de medir o desempenho acadêmico dos alunos em conformidade com os conteúdos do currículo do curso de graduação. Diante disso, este estudo teve como objetivo verificar qual é o desempenho dos cursos de Ciências Contábeis nas instituições de ensino da região sul do Brasil. Para tal, foram analisadas 162 instituições de ensino superior dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná, com dados referentes ao ano de 2015. A análise abordou as medidas de média, mediana, máximo, mínimo e desvio-padrão, além do teste estatístico não paramétrico de diferença de média (Kruskal-Wallis). No que diz respeito aos resultados encontrados na pesquisa, o estado de Santa Catarina obteve média de 2,4397, o Rio Grande do Sul 2,4305 e o Paraná média de 2,4185, sendo que no teste de média essa diferença não foi estatisticamente diferente, ou seja, não se pode afirmar que há diferença entre as médias expostas entre os estados. No que se refere à análise das instituições públicas e privadas, a média do ENADE das públicas foi de 3,2165 e a média das privadas foi de 2,3170, sendo que neste caso, o teste de diferença de médias foi estatisticamente diferente, indicando que as instituições públicas possuem maiores notas que as privadas. Em relação às organizações acadêmicas, as universidades obtiveram média de 2,8541, os centros universitários média de 2,6079 e as faculdades média de 2,2082. Na análise do teste de médias os resultados foram estatisticamente diferentes, indicando que as universidades possuem melhor desempenho entre as demais organizações acadêmicas, seguidas pelos centros universitários e, por fim, as faculdades.
Ciclos econômicos e a relação do capital de giro com a lucratividade de empresas internacionalizadas
Authors: Pereira Aloisio , Hernandes Miguel , Pereira Vinicius Silva
Published: September 2020

O objetivo do trabalho é verificar qual o impacto dos ciclos econômicos e da internacionalização das empresas na relação do capital de giro com a lucratividade. O estudo traz avanços por estudar a relação da gestão do capital de giro com a lucratividade, em diferentes ciclos econômicos, sob o ponto de vista da internacionalização. Preenche uma lacuna deixada por Enqvist, Graham e Nikkinen (2014), avaliando a influência das crises interna e externa na relação do capital de giro com a lucratividade das empresas internacionalizadas. Foi utilizada uma amostra de 213 observações de empresas brasileiras internacionalizadas listadas na B3, em períodos de crises interna, externa e de boom econômico. Testou-se as hipóteses por meio de regressão de dados em painel de efeitos fixo e aleatório, conforme o modelo econométrico construído. Os achados demonstram que, no período de 2006 a 2016, as empresas brasileiras internacionalizadas não foram impactadas diretamente na gestão do capital de giro pelos diferentes ciclos econômicos ocorridos, sugerindo que estas empresas foram beneficiadas pela disponibilidade de crédito e consumo aquecido. Mas foram encontrados impactos dos ciclos econômicos na liquidez corrente, tamanho e endividamento.
CUSTOS NA ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA: ANÁLISE DOS CUSTOS EDUCACIONAIS EM LUZIÂNIA/GO
Authors: Ferreira Thiago Spiri , Ferri Camila Moliani , Amâncio Vieira Saulo Fabiano , Vinsentin Izabela Calegario , Capucho Pablo Henrique Paschoal
Published: September 2020

O estudo teve como objetivo mensurar a relação das variáveis de custos, socioeconômicas e pedagógica no desempenho dos alunos do Ensino Fundamental de Luziânia – GO. A pesquisa realizada é de caráter quantitativo, descritiva, por meio um censo das escolas municipais de Ensino Fundamental da cidade de Luziânia – GO. A coleta de dados foi feita através de dados secundários disponibilizadas pelo portal da transparência do município, somados aos dados do Inep e QEdu. As análises foram realizadas através de estatística exploratória/descritiva, correlação e regressão. O município apresentou médias de 5,4 para o IDEB e 50,1 para o Nível Socioeconômico, categorizando o município como nível IV na tabela do INEP. No que diz respeito aos custos, os custos pedagógicos tiveram a maior representatividade entre os custos anuais, com 79,5%. A variável que apresentou maior correlação com a nota do IDEB foi a socioeconômica, qual representou 28,3% da variância da nota. O estudo é relevante para a área de Educação e Contabilidade, pois apresenta um novo modelo de método de análise das características de custos educacionais em âmbito municipal, assim como auxilia no controle dos recursos públicos.
DA BARRAGEM DE FUNDÃO À CONTABILIDADE: UMA ANÁLISE DAS DEMONSTRAÇÕES CONTÁBEIS DA SAMARCO MINERAÇÃO S.A.
Authors: Lima Herberty Cerqueira
Published: September 2020

Em novembro de 2015 no município de Mariana, Minas Gerais, com o rompimento da barragem de Fundão começou-se o que no período foi categorizado como o maior desastre ambiental do Brasil. A mineradora Samarco responsável pela referida barragem que se rompeu e jorrou os rejeitos de minério de ferro sobre o distrito de Bento Rodrigues provocou um impacto negativo no âmbito socioambiental. Assim, a partir do desastre ambiental as demonstrações contábeis foram ajustadas para que continuassem a demonstrar a representação fidedigna da empresa através do registro das variações do patrimônio. O objetivo geral da pesquisa consistiu na análise das demonstrações contábeis referentes a empresa Samarco Mineração S.A. no período compreendido entre os anos de 2013 a 2017 com a finalidade de conhecer a influência do desastre ambiental na aludida empresa. Por esse motivo foi utilizado a pesquisa documental para coleta de dados. Os resultados dos índices de liquidez corrente, seca, imediata e geral confirmaram a deficitária capacidade de a empresa honrar com os compromissos nos anos de 2016 e 2017. Em paralelo, os índices de rentabilidade expuseram que a partir de 2015 a empresa começou a obter prejuízos com as vendas. Outrossim, os índices de endividamento ratificaram que na Samarco Mineração S.A., a partir de 2015, havia maior predominância de capital de terceiros devido aos empréstimos e financiamentos obtidos. Portanto, com a análise dos resultados tornou-se visível o impacto negativo causado pós-desastre ambiental na situação patrimonial, econômica e financeira da empresa.
Nível de Disclosure Voluntário de Municípios da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba
Authors: Klenk Isabella Brongiel , SOUSA RAYANE CAMILA DA SILVA , Toro Pavel Elias Zepeda , Colauto Romualdo Douglas
Published: September 2020

É consenso na literatura que a Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (Lei Complementar nº 101/2000) foi um marco para a transparência no setor público, tendo em vista que buscou regulamentar a divulgação de informações, devido principalmente à irresponsabilidade dos gestores em tomar suas decisões sem se preocupar com o impacto futuro destas. Porém somente o estabelecimento de regras de divulgação de informações por meio da legislação não é o suficiente para garantir a efetividade das ações do governo. Para tanto, é preciso que haja participação popular, e, dessa forma, o disclosure voluntário passaria a ser utilizado como instrumento de accountability. Nesse contexto, buscou-se verificar o nível de divulgação voluntária de uma amostra de municípios, mais especificamente, dos que compõe a região metropolitana de Curitiba, utilizando o Índice de Disclosure Voluntário Municipal (IDV-M) de Avelino (2013). Após a coleta e análise dos dados, verificou-se que o nível de divulgação voluntária para estes municípios é baixo, pois, com exceção de uma cidade, as demais não chegaram a atingir metade do valor do indicador. Com isso, este estudo busca impulsionar a discussão acerca da importância da divulgação voluntária, para que esta se torne um mecanismo efetivo de accountability no setor público.
Controladoria na Gestão Pública: uma análise das práticas adotadas nos municípios da Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza
Authors: Pinho José Gumercindo Dos Santos , RODRIGUES RUBENS CARLOS
Published: September 2020

O presente estudo busca resposta ao seguinte questionamento: Como são desenvolvidas as atividades de Controladoria Governamental nos municípios da Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza? Ademais, também será alvo desta pesquisa a busca da identificação das principais atividades desenvolvidas por esse órgão de controle, bem como a verificação da aderência dessas mesmas atividades, tomando-se com parâmetro os aspectos presentes na doutrina correlata. A seleção da amostra pode ser classificada como censitária e não probabilística, estando seu universo vinculado, especificamente, aos 19 municípios que integram a Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza (RMF), cuja justificação de escolha está atrelada à significativa representatividade de que o citado aglomerado urbano é possuidor no estado do Ceará. Caracterizada também como descritiva, bibliográfica e documental, essa pesquisa utilizar-se-á do questionário como instrumento para a coleta de dados primários. Os resultados obtidos do trabalho in loco, após serem submetidos à estatística descritiva demonstraram que as atividades desenvolvidas pela Controladoria Governamental da RMF – principalmente as relacionadas à auditoria – estão caracterizadas como positivas, tendo em vista seu caráter preventivo, a partir de quando buscam antever possíveis inconsistências nos atos administrativos oficializados pelos gestores municipais. Verificou-se que os referidos órgãos de controle atendem, em grande parte, às recomendações emanadas pela doutrina ou pelas normas legais relacionadas à sua área de atuação.
PROFISSÃO CONTÁBIL EM TEMPOS DE MUDANÇA: IMPLICAÇÕES DO AVANÇO TECNOLÓGICO NAS ATIVIDADES EM UM ESCRITÓRIO DE CONTABILIDADE
Authors: Santos Bruno Luis dos , Suave Ricardo , Ferreira Marcelo Marchine , Altoé Stella Maris Lima
Published: September 2020

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar os avanços tecnológicos e seus efeitos em um escritório de contabilidade. O intuito foi descrever mudanças ocorridas desde o início de suas atividades do escritório buscando compreender o processo de incorporação tecnológica na atividade contábil. Em termos metodológicos a investigação que originou o artigo é caracterizada como um estudo de caso, de abordagem qualitativa que utilizou a entrevista semiestruturada como forma de coleta de dados. Como resultados pôde-se apresentar e discutir efeitos dos avanços tecnológicos na contabilidade, tais como, geração de informações com qualidade, agilidade e segurança, diminuição da complexidade das tarefas, redução do número de funcionários, mudança no perfil do profissional contábil, e aumento dos custos com a TI, em contrapartida também dos lucros do escritório. A principal conclusão do estudo foi a de que o avanço tecnológico implicou em adaptação dos processos e dos profissionais no escritório pesquisado com efeitos diretos nas informações geradas, gestão do escritório e da equipe de trabalho.
CASE STUDIES FROM DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS TO PLATE AND SHELL HEAT EXCHANGER: A REVIEW
Authors: Bandeira V. F. , Pachekoski W. M. , Mikowski A.
Published: September 2020

A Plate and Shell Heat Exchanger (PSHE) is manufactured with round welded plates in its core. These plates are designed to withstand high pressures and temperatures. Failures in this kind of heat exchanger were registered in a short operating period. To obtain the failure modes present in this equipment and a theoretical framework concerning this field of study, a research methodology was proposed (Systematic Literature Review – SLR) and a theoretical survey was carried out focusing in the 316L stainless steel and titanium grade 1 for its use in the Brazilian offshore industry. Seeing that the whole PSHE structure is welded, it is necessary to account for the strain caused by severe expansion processes in heat exchanger joints. This regarding, the laser welding process was investigated because of its narrow melting zone. It is believed that it was possible to clarify which failure modes are related to corrosive processes or stress concentration highlighting the structural and mechanical characterization models employed. Considering that the research field is relatively new, it was feasible to establish a theoretical basis of solutions applicable to PSHE, such as the use of more recessive material, reduce the corrosiveness of the operating medium, and reduce external sources of tension. Also, new content was assembled to assess the future decision-making process, regarding the design or maintenance of welded plate exchangers.
Non-additive Effects of Structural Factors in Pyridine Catalyzed Reactions of Phenyloxirane with N-aroylbenzenesulfonamides
Authors: Shpan’ko Igor , Sadovaya Irina
Published: September 2020

The combined influence of structural factors (Y, Z substituents) on the rate of catalyzed by Z-substituted pyridines reactions of phenyloxirane with Y-substituted N-aroylbenzenesulfonamides in acetonitrile at 293 K was studied. A cross-correlation analysis of the results of a multifactor kinetic experiment was carried out. A polylinear regression, that adequately describes the non-additive effects of substituents Y and Z, was calculated. Due to the interaction of the joint effects of structure, the cross-reaction series exhibits isoparametric properties. The mechanism of the catalytic process has been discussed.
Suitability assessment for siting water harvesting ponds
Authors: P Myagmartseren , D Ganpurev , I Myagmarjav
Published: September 2020

This paper represents test results of methodology for identifying suitable sites for the water harvesting pondusing the "Multi-Criteria Analysis" in Geographical Information System. In order to do this, the objectives ofthe identification of harvesting sites were (i)to estimate constraint map (ii) to identify the multi-factor map and(iii) to measure the overall value of the suitability. According to the results of the assessment of the waterharvesting suitability, 10.23%or 173736 hectares area of Erdenetsagaan soum of Sukhbaatar aimag(province)are suitable, and 22.71% or 385534 ha area is moderately suitable, and 33.29%or 565198 ha land is limited forpond construction and 33.78% or 573532 ha territory is unsuitable for water harvesting.
Apresentação
Authors: Severino Antonio Joaquim , Carvalho Mario De Faria , Pillotto Silvia Sell Duarte , Lorieri Marcos Antonio
Published: September 2020

Contextua teoricamente os relatos de experiências, análises e reflexões sobre as relações entre estética e educação, destacando a relevância da sensibilidade como nova mediação epistêmica do conhecimento e da formação humana.
Transformation of the special services in Poland in the context of political changes
Authors: Kopczewski Marian , Ciekanowski Zbigniew , Piotrowska Anna
Published: September 2020

The article presents the transformation of special services in Poland against the background of political changes. It presents the activities of security bodies – civil and military intelligence and counterintelligence during the communist era. Their task was to strengthen communist power, eliminate opponents of the system, strengthen the alliance of socialist countries led by the USSR, and fight against democratic opposition. The creation of new special services was also shown: the UOP and the WSI. The focus was on the new tasks that were set for them in connection with the democratic changes and new alliances. There were presented spectacular UOP actions, which contributed to raising the prestige of Poland on the international arena.
Entry in the register of monuments as a form of administrative and legal protection of cultural heritage in Poland – legal and practical aspects
Authors: Landmann Tomasz
Published: September 2020

The aim of the article is to characterize entry in the register of monuments as a statutory form of administrative and legal protection of monuments in Poland and to identify regional disparities (differences) in the practice of implementation of entry in the register of monuments in provinces, as at the end of June 2018. The thesis was put forward that entry in the register of monuments is an important way of protecting cultural assets in Poland after 2003, while the practice of use of the identified administrative and legal form of monument protection may testify to the particularly rich historical stock of some Polish provinces. Entry in the register of monuments is a necessary administrative and legal measure for protection of monuments in a democratic state that takes care of the development of cultural resources. The condition of culture depends largely on protection of monuments. Monuments in Poland are characterized by significant diversity in terms of geographical distribution and costs of their protection.
Study of the level of knowledge, response, and behaviour in the event of possible threats at the Campus of the Silesian University of Technology among the students of Safety Engineering
Authors: Taraszkiewicz-Łyda Maja , Koch Natalia
Published: September 2020

The article discusses the issue related to the study of the level of knowledge among students of Safety Engineering in the field of selected types of threats, the possibility of their occurrence, and knowledge of the rules of conduct in the event of their occurrence at the Campus of the Silesian University of Technology. Survey techniques were used for the analysis.
Dynamic Decision-Making for Stabilized Deep Learning Software Platforms
Authors: Park Soohyun , Kim Dohyun , Kim Joongheon
Published: September 2020

This chapter introduces a dynamic and low-complexity decision-making algorithm which aims at time-average utility maximization in real-time deep learning platforms, inspired by Lyapunov optimization. In deep learning computation, large delays can happen due to the fact that it is computationally expensive. Thus, handling the delays is an important issue for the commercialization of deep learning algorithms. In this chapter, the proposed algorithm observes system delays at first formulated by queue-backlog, and then it dynamically conducts sequential decision-making under the tradeoff between utility (i.e., deep learning performance) and system delays. In order to evaluate the proposed decision-making algorithm, the performance evaluation results with real-world data are presented under the applications of super-resolution frameworks. Lastly, this chapter summarizes that the Lyapunov optimization algorithm can be used in various emerging applications.
Significance of Trans Fatty Acids and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Japanese Men with Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Koba Shinji , Takao Tetsuya , Shimizu Fumiko , Ogawa Mutsumi , Yokota Yuuya , Tsunoda Fumiyoshi , Arai Ken , Shinke Toshiro , Takada Akikazu
Published: September 2020

Trans fatty acids (TFA) are found naturally in ruminant foods (R-TFA) by biohydrogenation in ruminant animals or industrially produced oils (IP-TFA) by partial hydrogenation of vegetable or fish oils. The intake of TFA mainly IP-TFA is associated with an elevated risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), while some prospective cohort studies showed that R-TFA were associated with a lower risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). Our case-control study showed that trans-C18:2 isomers (IP-TFA) were significantly higher, and palmitelaidic acid (R-TFA) levels were lower in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) compared with healthy men. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have different effects on cardiometabolic risk factors. Delta-5 desaturase (D5D) is a key enzyme in the conversion of linoleic acid and alpha-linoleneic acid to arachidonic acid (AA) and EPA, respectively. Previous studies reported that low D5D estimated from the ratio of AA to dihomo-gamma linolenic acid predicts the incident cardiovascular disease. In our cross-sectional study with 436 men with ACS, various atherogenic lipid markers such as small dense LDL cholesterol and malondialdehyde-modified LDL were significantly inversely associated with D5D activity. We found that the EPA/AA may be a superior risk marker than DHA/AA in terms of correlation with atherogenic lipid profiles.
Biomaterials for Drug Delivery: Sources, Classification, Synthesis, Processing, and Applications
Authors: O. Adeosun Samson , O. Ilomuanya Margaret , P. Gbenebor Oluwashina , O. Dada Modupeola , C. Odili Cletus
Published: September 2020

A way to avoid or minimize the side effect that could result in drug delivery to cells with increased efficiency and performance in the health rehabilitation process is to use biocompatible and biodegradable drug carriers. These are essentially biomaterials that are metallic, ceramic, or polymeric in nature. The sources of these materials must be biological in its entire ramification. The classification, synthesis, processing, and the applications to which these materials are put are the essential components of having suitable target cell drug carriers. This chapter will be devoted to discussing biomaterials suitable as drug carrier for use in the health-related matters of rehabilitation.
Soliton and Rogue-Wave Solutions of Derivative Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation - Part 1
Authors: Guo-Quan Zhou
Published: September 2020

Based upon different methods such as a newly revised version of inverse scattering transform, Marchenko formalism, and Hirota’s bilinear derivative transform, this chapter aims to study and solve the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS for brevity) equation under vanishing boundary condition (VBC for brevity). The explicit one-soliton and multi-soliton solutions had been derived by some algebra techniques for the VBC case. Meanwhile, the asymptotic behaviors of those multi-soliton solutions had been analyzed and discussed in detail.
Congenital Angiosarcoma, a Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Shokripour Mansoureh , Geramizadeh Bita , Samizadeh Babak , Masoudi Mohammad Sadegh
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Angiosarcoma, originating from vessels, constitutes about 0.2% to 0.3% of all pediatric soft tissue sarcomas. Prognosis of angiosarcoma is poor and depends on patient’s age, tumor location, size, histological grade and extent of tumor progression. Case Presentation: We report a rare case of a congenital angiosarcoma of scalp with dural and skull bone invasion in a one-month-old boy. His mother noticed the mass 2 days after birth as a very small insignificant nodule, but it grew rapidly afterward. Conclusions: The treatment consisted of only a wide surgical resection. After 15 months there was no sign of local recurrence or metastasis was noticeable and the tumor showed favorable outcome. This case indicates the possibility of a better clinical behavior in congenital angiosarcoma.
Small for Gestational Age is an Independent Risk Factor for Neurodevelopmental Impairment
Authors: Hubert Joanna , Gilarska Maja , Klimek Małgorzata , Nitecka Magdalena , Dutkowska Grażyna , Kwinta Przemko
Published: September 2020

Background: There is a deficit of publications regarding the impact of small for gestational age (SGA) on later neurodevelopment of premature infants and existing results are conflicting. Objectives: The aim of the present study was multifaceted neurodevelopmental assessment of children born prematurely, with particular assessment of SGA as an independent risk factor for impairment in prematurely born children. Methods: Eighty-nine children born with very low birth weight were evaluated at the age of 50 months. Anthropometric measurements and several psychomotor tests (WeeFIM-Functional Independence Measure scale, Leiter Test-Non-Verbal Psychometric Evaluation, DTVP-2-Developmental test of Visual Perception, CAST-Childhood Autism Spectrum test, EAS-C-temperament questionnaire and TSD-children vocabulary test) were performed in each child. Results: SGA appears to be a risk factor for low self-reliance (mean WeeFIM score 89 ± 20 points vs 99 ± 15; P = 0.034), decreased non-verbal intelligence (Leiter score 87 ± 18 points vs 100 ± 18 points; P = 0.022) and low visual perception (Frostig test 81 ± 17 points vs 93 ± 17 points; P = 0.035). Moreover, the incidence of autism spectrum disorders was significantly higher in the SGA group (21% vs 2.8%; P = 0.029). There were no differences in frequency of cerebral palsy diagnosis, vocabulary test results and temper tests scores between SGA and AGA groups. Conclusions: Birth weight small for gestational age seems to be an additional, independent risk factor of neurodevelopmental delay in prematurely born children.
Radiation Safety in Children in Children’s Medical Center Hospital
Authors: Mehdizadeh Mehrzad , Babakhan Kondori Nasir , Changizi Vahid , Sadeghi Zahra
Published: September 2020

Background: Diagnostic radiology studies in children harbor more radiation hazards than in adults due to their small size and higher cellular proliferation rate. Therefore, reducing the radiation burden to children should be top priority. Measurement of radiation dose is the first step to this goal. Nevertheless, we do not know whether the radiation of portable radiographs at our hospital meets the standards or not. Objectives: This study aims at measuring the primary and scattered radiation at different distances from patients. This eventually would help us to keep the radiation to minimum. Methods: This study was conducted on 84 patients from 4 different wards (U1-U2) in our hospital in 2017. After obtaining ethical approval from ethical committee and also written consent from parents, all patients who needed portable X-ray were included in our study. A thermo-luminescent dosimeter was placed on the patient’s chest to measure the entrance surface dose (ESD), while Geiger-Muller dosimeters located at one and two-meter distances from the X-ray tube used to scale the scattered radiation. Then, data were analyzed in SPSS 16. Results: The average ESD was 0.3873, 0.3867, 0.3700, and 0.4033 millisievert (mSv) in U1 to U4 respectively, whereas the scattered radiation doses measured as 0.00986, 0.00750, 0.01250, 0.1014 at one-meter and 0.00250, 0.00220, 0.00238, 0.00314 mSv at two-meter distances. There was no significant difference in radiation dose between those units (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Radiation received by patients in this study was three to four times higher than the standard dose. Significant scattered radiation was also detected at one and two-meter distances. To reduce radiation, improvement of exposure protocols such as reducing mAs and using proper shielding is emphasized.
El diseño flexible en la investigación militante
Authors: Jaramillo Fonnegra Verónica
Published: September 2020

El presente escrito se propone recuperar la importancia del diseño flexible de la investigación dentro de la trayectoria de una investigación militante. La intención es demostrar como las distintas técnicas variaron según las necesidades que se fueron presentando en el campo. También pretende recuperar y comprender el lugar en la investigación de quien pretende intervenir por medio de la investigación militante. El objetivo principal del estudio era analizar el acceso a la justicia de las trabajadoras domésticas migrantes en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires entre 2000-2015 y es desde este lugar donde se proponen analizar las técnicas de recolección de información. This paper aims to recover the importance of the flexible design of research within the trajectory of a militant investigation. The intention is to demonstrate how the different techniques varied according to the needs that were presented in the field. It also seeks to recover and understand the place in the investigation of who intends to intervene through militant research. The main objective of the study was to analyze the access to justice of migrant domestic workers in the City of Buenos Aires between 2000-2015 and it is from this place where they intend to analyze the information collection techniques.
Estudio de la asociación entre la discriminación laboral, la salud y el uso de servicios sanitarios en Andalucía: una aplicación de propensity score matching con muestras pequeñas
Authors: Álvarez-Gálvez Javier , Suárez Vergne Álvaro
Published: September 2020

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la asociación entre discriminación laboral y salud en Andalucía (España). Este estudio se basa en una muestra de 1200 individuos. El indicador de discriminación laboral fue diseñado a través de una pregunta abierta que se refería a otros tipos de discriminación. Aunque la categoría discriminación laboral no se incluyó inicialmente en el cuestionario, el 65% de los participantes se consideraron sujetos a discriminación laboral mientras que solo el 35% informaron otras causas habituales de discriminación. Las medidas de propensión muestran que las personas que reportan discriminación laboral presentan un mayor uso de servicios de salud primaria, un resultado que podría estar relacionado con la mayor prevalencia de trastornos depresivos en grupos socioeconómicamente desfavorecidos. Aunque se necesita profundizar en esta materia, la orientación futura de las políticas sociales y de salud de la UE deberían incluir como objetivo la reducción del impacto social del desempleo y la precariedad laboral a fin de reducir la discriminación y promover la equidad en salud.The present study aims to explore the association between employment discrimination and health in Andalusia (Spain). This study is based on a sample of 1200 individuals. The employment discrimination indicator was designed is through the results of an open-ended question that refers to other types of discrimination. Although the category ‘employment discrimination’ were not initially included in the questionnaire, 65% of participants perceived themselves as subject to employment discrimination while only 35% reported other usual causes of discrimination. Employment discrimination has been found similarly associated to poor health outcomes. Propensity scores show people reporting employment discrimination present a higher use of primary health services, a result that might be related with the higher prevalence of depressive disorders of socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Although additional research is needed, the future orientation of EU social and health policies should aim to reduce the social impact of unemployment and insecure jobs in order to reduce discrimination and promote health equity.
Falls in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Coote Susan , Comber Laura , Quinn Gillian , Santoyo-Medina Carme , Kalron Alon , Gunn Hilary
Published: September 2020

Falls are highly prevalent in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and result in a range of negative consequences, such as injury, activity curtailment, reduced quality of life, and increased need for care and time off work. This narrative review aims to summarize key literature and to discuss future work needed in the area of fall prevention for people with MS. The incidence of falls in people with MS is estimated to be more than 50%, similar to that in adults older than 80 years. The consequences of falls are considerable because rate of injury is high, and fear of falling and low self-efficacy are significant problems that lead to activity curtailment. A wide range of physiological, personal, and environmental factors have been highlighted as potential risk factors and predictors of falls. Falls are individual and multifactorial, and, hence, approaches to interventions will likely need to adopt a multifactorial approach. However, the literature to date has largely focused on exercise-based interventions, with newer, more comprehensive interventions that use both education and exercise showing promising results. Several gaps in knowledge of falls in MS remain, in particular the lack of standardized definitions and outcome measures, to enable data pooling and comparison. Moving forward, the involvement of people with MS in the design and evaluation of programs is essential, as are approaches to intervention development that consider implementation from the outset.
TMEM79/MATTRIN defines a pathway for Frizzled regulation and is required for Xenopus embryogenesis
Authors: Chen Maorong , Amado Nathalia , Tan Jieqiong , Reis Alice , Ge Mengxu , Abreu Jose Garcia , He Xi
Published: September 2020

Wnt signaling through the Frizzled (FZD) family of serpentine receptors is essential for embryogenesis and homeostasis, and stringent control of the FZD protein level is critical for stem cell regulation. Through CRISPR/Cas9 genome-wide screening in human cells, we identified TMEM79/MATTRIN, an orphan multi-span transmembrane protein, as a specific inhibitor of Wnt/FZD signaling. TMEM79 interacts with FZD during biogenesis and promotes FZD degradation independent of ZNRF3/RNF43 ubiquitin ligases (R-spondin receptors). TMEM79 interacts with ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8), whose activating mutations underlie human tumorigenesis. TMEM79 specifically inhibits USP8 deubiquitination of FZD, thereby governing USP8 substrate specificity and promoting FZD degradation. Tmem79 and Usp8 genes have a pre-bilaterian origin, and Tmem79 inhibition of Usp8 and Wnt signaling is required for anterior neural development and gastrulation in Xenopus embryos. TMEM79 is a predisposition gene for Atopic dermatitis, suggesting deregulation of Wnt/FZD signaling a possible cause for this most common yet enigmatic inflammatory skin disease.
Evaluating the impact of open access policies on research institutions
Authors: Huang Chun-Kai (Karl) , Neylon Cameron , Hosking Richard , Montgomery Lucy , Wilson Katie S , Ozaygen Alkim , Brookes-Kenworthy Chloe
Published: September 2020

The proportion of research outputs published in open access journals or made available on other freely-accessible platforms has increased over the past two decades, driven largely by funder mandates, institutional policies, grass-roots advocacy, and changing attitudes in the research community. However, the relative effectiveness of these different interventions has remained largely unexplored. Here we present a robust, transparent and updateable method for analysing how these interventions affect the open access performance of individual institutes. We studied 1,207 institutions from across the world, and found that, in 2017, the top-performing universities published around 80–90% of their research open access. The analysis also showed that publisher-mediated (gold) open access was popular in Latin American and African universities, whereas the growth of open access in Europe and North America has mostly been driven by repositories.
Vascular control of the CO2/H+-dependent drive to breathe
Authors: Cleary Colin M , Moreira Thiago S , Takakura Ana C , Nelson Mark T , Longden Thomas A , Mulkey Daniel K
Published: September 2020

Respiratory chemoreceptors regulate breathing in response to changes in tissue CO2/H+. Blood flow is a fundamental determinant of tissue CO2/H+, yet little is known regarding how regulation of vascular tone in chemoreceptor regions contributes to respiratory behavior. Previously, we showed in rat that CO2/H+-vasoconstriction in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) supports chemoreception by a purinergic-dependent mechanism (Hawkins et al., 2017). Here, we show in mice that CO2/H+ dilates arterioles in other chemoreceptor regions, thus demonstrating CO2/H+ vascular reactivity in the RTN is unique. We also identify P2Y2 receptors in RTN smooth muscle cells as the substrate responsible for this response. Specifically, pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion of P2Y2 from smooth muscle cells blunted the ventilatory response to CO2, and re-expression of P2Y2 receptors only in RTN smooth muscle cells fully rescued the CO2/H+ chemoreflex. These results identify P2Y2 receptors in RTN smooth muscle cells as requisite determinants of respiratory chemoreception.
Structure of the bacterial ribosome at 2 Å resolution
Authors: Watson Zoe L , Ward Fred R , Méheust Raphaël , Ad Omer , Schepartz Alanna , Banfield Jillian F , Cate Jamie HD
Published: September 2020

Using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we determined the structure of theEscherichia coli70S ribosome with a global resolution of 2.0 Å. The maps reveal unambiguous positioning of protein and RNA residues, their detailed chemical interactions, and chemical modifications. Notable features include the first examples of isopeptide and thioamide backbone substitutions in ribosomal proteins, the former likely conserved in all domains of life. The maps also reveal extensive solvation of the small (30S) ribosomal subunit, and interactions with A-site and P-site tRNAs, mRNA, and the antibiotic paromomycin. The maps and models of the bacterial ribosome presented here now allow a deeper phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal components including structural conservation to the level of solvation. The high quality of the maps should enable future structural analyses of the chemical basis for translation and aid the development of robust tools for cryo-EM structure modeling and refinement.
A large accessory protein interactome is rewired across environments
Authors: Liu Zhimin , Miller Darach , Li Fangfei , Liu Xianan , Levy Sasha F
Published: September 2020

To characterize how protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks change, we quantified the relative PPI abundance of 1.6 million protein pairs in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae across nine growth conditions, with replication, for a total of 44 million measurements. Our multi-condition screen identified 13,764 pairwise PPIs, a threefold increase over PPIs identified in one condition. A few ‘immutable’ PPIs are present across all conditions, while most ‘mutable’ PPIs are rarely observed. Immutable PPIs aggregate into highly connected ‘core’ network modules, with most network remodeling occurring within a loosely connected ‘accessory’ module. Mutable PPIs are less likely to co-express, co-localize, and be explained by simple mass action kinetics, and more likely to contain proteins with intrinsically disordered regions, implying that environment-dependent association and binding is critical to cellular adaptation. Our results show that protein interactomes are larger than previously thought and contain highly dynamic regions that reorganize to drive or respond to cellular changes.
Kinematic and Coordination Variability in Runners with and Without Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: Mutchler Jessica A. , Macias Klarie , Munkasy Barry A. , Wilson Samuel J. , Garner John C. , Li Li
Published: September 2020

Background: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common overuse injury that has been suggested to cause abnormal gait kinematics and variability in runners with PFP. Conflicting results have been presented as to the variability of joint kinematics and joint coordination. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the variability of lower extremity kinematics and joint coordination in the presence of PFP and exertion. Methods: Six female runners with PFP and matched controls (CON) ran at a self-selected pace on an instrumented treadmill until exertion or pain criteria was met. Sixteen anatomical retroreflective markers and seven tracking clusters were placed on the participants’ lower extremities. Data collected for 20 steps from the beginning, middle, and end of the run were processed. Kinematic variability was assessed for each participant by calculating the standard deviation (SD) of peak knee flexion, internal rotation, and adduction angle and their velocities. Continuous relative phase (CRP) mean values were calculated from normalized phase plots for coordination relationships between knee horizontal plane motion and hip sagittal, frontal, and horizontal and ankle frontal plane motion. Coordination variability was calculated as the CRP coupling SD over 100% of stance for each time point for each participant. Statistical comparisons were assessed through a 2 (PFP vs. CON) x 3 (beginning, middle, end) repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There was an increase in variability for peak knee adduction angle, peak knee adduction velocity, hip flexion/knee rotation CRP, and knee rotation/rearfoot eversion CRP over time for the PFP group compared with CON (P<0.05). Conclusion: Pain and exertion increase the variability of joint kinematics and joint coordination reflecting decreased movement control towards the end of a run.
Seasonal and successional dynamics of size-dependent plant demographic rates in a tropical dry forest
Authors: Saenz-Pedroza Irving , Feldman Richard , Reyes-García Casandra , Meave Jorge A. , Calvo-Irabien Luz Maria , May-Pat Filogonio , Dupuy Juan M.
Published: September 2020

Tropical forests are globally important for biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation but are being converted to other land uses. Conversion of seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF) is particularly high while their protection is low. Secondary succession allows forests to recover their structure, diversity and composition after conversion and subsequent abandonment and is influenced by demographic rates of the constituent species. However, how these rates vary between seasons for different plant sizes at different successional stages in SDTF is not known. The effect of seasonal drought may be more severe early in succession, when temperature and radiation are high, while competition and density-dependent processes may be more important at later stages, when vegetation is tall and dense. Besides, the effects of seasonality and successional stage may vary with plant size. Large plants can better compete with small plants for limiting resources and may also have a greater capacity to withstand stress. We asked how size-dependent density, species density, recruitment and mortality varied between seasons and successional stages in a SDTF. We monitored a chronosequence in Yucatan, Mexico, over six years in three 0.1 ha plots in each of three successional stages: early (3–5 years-old), intermediate (18–20 years-old) and advanced (>50 years-old). Recruitment, mortality and species gain and loss rates were calculated from wet and dry season censuses separately for large (diameter > 5 cm) and small (1–5 cm in diameter) plants. We used linear mixed-effects models to assess the effects of successional stage, seasonality and their changes through time on demographic rates and on plant and species density. Seasonality affected demographic rates and density of large plants, which exhibited high wet-season recruitment and species gain rates at the early stage and high wet-season mortality at the intermediate stage, resulting in an increase in plant and species density early in succession followed by a subsequent stabilization. Small plant density decreased steadily after only 5 years of land abandonment, whereas species density increased with successional stage. A decline in species dominance may be responsible for these contrasting patterns. Seasonality, successional stage and their changes through time had a stronger influence on large plants, likely because of large among-plot variation of small plants. Notwithstanding the short duration of our study, our results suggest that climate-change driven decreases in rainy season precipitation may have an influence on successional dynamics in our study forest as strong as, or even stronger than, prolonged or severe droughts during the dry season.
Potential role of cellular miRNAs in coronavirus-host interplay
Authors: Nersisyan Stepan , Engibaryan Narek , Gorbonos Aleksandra , Kirdey Ksenia , Makhonin Alexey , Tonevitsky Alexander
Published: September 2020

Host miRNAs are known as important regulators of virus replication and pathogenesis. They can interact with various viruses through several possible mechanisms including direct binding of viral RNA. Identification of human miRNAs involved in coronavirus-host interplay becomes important due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In this article we performed computational prediction of high-confidence direct interactions between miRNAs and seven human coronavirus RNAs. As a result, we identified six miRNAs (miR-21-3p, miR-195-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-3065-5p, miR-424-5p and miR-421) with high binding probability across all analyzed viruses. Further bioinformatic analysis of binding sites revealed high conservativity of miRNA binding regions within RNAs of human coronaviruses and their strains. In order to discover the entire miRNA-virus interplay we further analyzed lungs miRNome of SARS-CoV infected mice using publicly available miRNA sequencing data. We found that miRNA miR-21-3p has the largest probability of binding the human coronavirus RNAs and being dramatically up-regulated in mouse lungs during infection induced by SARS-CoV.