bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MENILIK ULANG PERADABAN ISLAM Sebuah Kajian Nas danSejarah
Authors: Kurniawan Taufiqurrahman
Published: July 2020

The history of the Arabs of the past has followed the teachings of Ismail As and Ibrahim As. The doctrine that contains worship, crowding only to Allah SWT. But it has been marred by his followers named 'Amr bin Luhay a leader of Banu Khuza'ah by adding to the teachings of Abraham. Along the course of history, there was an Islamic civilization, but many historians wrote when the historic event took place. Many kinds of opinions in determining the month of the fall of revelation is the month of early Rabiul. There is also a set month of Ramadan. Another class sets the first revelation in Rajab by conveying all sorts of arguments. There is an opinion about the date at which the revelation was revealed to the Prophet (s). Some opinions specify the seventh date, there are also on the seventeenth, there are opinions on the eighteenth, other opinions of the nineteenth and there are also opinions that set the date of twenty-one. But historians agreed on Monday when revelation was revealed to Prophet Muhammad SAW. The question is when will the first revelation be revealed and how is the method used to extract the truth? The basic approach used is with the approach bayani and burhani. Ie used historical data or history (verse, hadith and tarikh) which is data serve and astronomical data which is data burhani. The analysis is done by cross-confirmation between data bayani and burhani data. Having processed these data then found conclusion that data burhani (astronomy) in accordance with the data bayani (history or history) stating that Badr War happened on 19th of Ramadan and thus al-Quran revealed the first time that marked the birth of Islamic civilization is on the day Monday 19th Ramadan year 14 SH coincides with August 25, 609 M. So the age of Islamic civilization on Tuesday, 18th Ramadan 1438 H just last, even reached the age of 1451 years kamariah and Wednesday, 19th Ramadan 1438 H is his birthday- 1451.
EKSISTENSI HUKUM ISLAM DI TENGAH DINAMIKA PRANATA SOSIAL INDONESIA
Authors: Mundakir Mundakir
Published: July 2020

The challenge in the implementation of Islamic laws that moslems in Indonesia face does not have to do with the struggle for recognition by national laws. Instead, it has to do with trying to clarify their position among various  social groups. It also examine how much Islamic laws contribute values that stimulate development, order, peace and welfare for the nation and country. Historically, Qur’anic legal verses were revealed mostly after the Messenger migrated to Medina, while Meccan verses are identified as to consolidate the ummah so that they were ready to bear the burden imposed by the Islamic laws (taklif).

The regulations reflecting syari’ah laws issued by the local governments and their implementation tend to be euphoric taking the chance given by the reform. They have not reflected different social groups on which the regulations will be imposed. Islamic laws as the basic consideration in formulating the local government regulations seem not to have accommodated religious elements comprehensively, i.e. integrating aqidah, akhlaq and syari’ah guiding people’s behavior conceptually as well as in practice. Therefore, partial implementation of Islamic syari’ah only will  result in pseudo-religiosity, and tend to become a problem for the ummah themselves.
METODOLOGI PEMAHAMAN SYARI’AH (Analisis Muqaddimah Kitab al-Muwafaqat Karya Asy-Syatibi)
Authors: Abidin Mukhlis
Published: July 2020

Legality is one basic of penal law beside culpability in deciding the punishment. Legality is often perceived similar to law enforcement. According to Article 1 (1) of the Penal Law (KUHP), the law refers to written law. In fact, there is also living law mentioned in the Constitution. This kind of situation often causes the judge decision fails to meet social justice since the decision is merely based on formal law and neglected material law, such as in the case of Minah in Banyumas Court. Thus, progressive approach is necessitated in order to understand legality both in formal and material law in accordance with national legal ideals, Pancasila.
ADVERTISING PAY PER CLICK (PPC) DENGAN GOOGLE ADSENSE PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Saputri Dika
Published: July 2020

The internet as an effective medium in the world of business
(especially in the field of marketing) from the viewpoint of the bisins to
market the products produced. Various models of product offerings are
conceptualized by business people issued to capture market segments.
Pay per Click (PPC) is one of several programs on the internet that has
the concept of giving gifts to internet users when opening
advertisements submitted by advertising companies through certain
sites. One dollar producer from the internet is Google Adsense. Google
Adsense is a dollar-producing affiliate program issued by Google
Search Engine companies by collaborating with web or blog owners in
terms of Advertising. With this kind of affiliate business model,
publishers (web owners or blogs) will get dollars from advertisements
displayed on the web or blog. Ads displayed on the web or blog can be
text or images. There are many titles for revenue generated from
Google Adsense. And to find out whether or not the Muslim community
is capable of following a business in the field of Advertising, such as
Pay Per Click (PPC), there needs to be a study that discusses the
business of Islamic Law.
HUKUMAN KEBIRI TERHADAP PELAKU KEKERASAN SEKSUAL PADA ANAK (PEDOFILIA) DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Khumairoh Asri
Published: July 2020

Sexual crime of chlidren in Indonesia increased every year.  So that
government  take out Perppu Number 1 year 2016 and determined to
be Law Number 17 Year 2016 that applied punishment for a sexual
offender by imposing chemically castrated. While in Islam the practice
of castration are forbidden. So it takes about religious views as on form
of enlightenment and consideration to decide and formulate things
especially in national criminal law. Based on the description,
formulation problem to deduce and know in this research is: why
chemicall castrartion choose as a sanction again pedophile actor?
How does review Islamic law to be  chemical castrartion again
pedophile actor? Research methods used is deskriptif. The techniques
used to collec data is librarianship study. Based on the results of the
study: first, reason the government choose chemical castrartion again
pedophile actor because chemical castrartion can reduce sexual drive
person. Process crastation can do when the sexual offender in prison,
so that sexual offender take out in prison will return to normal. Second,
castration in Islam with cutting procedure, indicated not tio marry and
not as apenalty. The practice oe chemical crastation or punishment for
pedophile actors is allowed.
Studi Life Cycle Assessment Produksi Gula Tebu : Studi Kasus di Jawa Timur
Authors: Sirait Marudut
Published: July 2020

Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi potensi dampak lingkungan selama proses produksi gula tebu di Jawa Timur Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan Life Cycle Assesment (LCA) untuk mengevaluasi dampak  lingkungan selama proses produksi gula dari tebu. Analisis LCA fokus pada pengolahan tebu menjadi gula, yang terdiri dari proses persiapan, proses miling, centrifugal separation, proses clarification, proses evaporation, dan proses crystalization. Hasil Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) diekpresikan dengan metode EDIB 2003, menunjukkan bahwa dampak lingkungan yang paling signifikan terhadap penurunan kualitas lingkungan adalah  global warming, acidification, eutrofikasi, human toxicity air, dan ozone depletion. Selanjutnya, proses produksi gula yang paling besar kontribusnya pada dampak lingkungan adalah proses penggilingan/miling, diikuti oleh proses centrifugal seperation,proses clarification, proses crystallization,proses evaporation, dan proses preperation untuk semua kategori dampak lingkungan.Life Cycle Assessment Study of Sugarcane: The case of East JavaABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to identify potential environmental impacts during the process of sugarcane production in East Java, Indonesia. This study utilized Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach to evaluate the environmental impact during the manufacturing of sugar cane. LCA analysis focuses on processing sugarcane, which consists of the preparation process, the milling process, centrifugal separation, the clarification process, the evaporation process, and the crystalization process. The Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) was expressed by the EDIB 2003 method. The result showed that the most significant environmental impacts on environmental degradation were global warming, acidification, eutrophication, human toxicity of water, and ozone depletion. Furthermore, the production process with the greatest contribution to environmental impact were the miling process, followed by centrifugal seperation process, clarification process, crystallization process, evaporation process, and preperation process for all categories of environmental impacts.Keywords: Environmental Impact, Energy, Sugarcane, Global Warming, Life Cycle Assessment
PERÍCIA OFICIAL DE NATUREZA CRIMINAL: PANORAMA NACIONAL APÓS DEZ ANOS DE PROMULGAÇÃO DA LEI Nº 12.030/2009
Authors: Viana Pinto Paulo Henrique , Costa Paula Barreto , Franco Ademir , Alves da Silva Ricardo Henrique
Published: July 2020

A Perícia Oficial de natureza criminal, representada pelos cargos de Perito Criminal, Perito Médico-Legista e Perito Odontolegista, obteve sua autonomia técnica, científica e funcional com a promulgação da Lei nº 12.030/09. Esse artigo objetivou realizar o levantamento das legislações que normatizam os cargos de Perícia Oficial nas Unidades Federativas (UFs) do Brasil, sua vinculação administrativa, bem como a apuração dos últimos concursos abertos e a quantidade de vagas ofertadas. Para o levantamento dos dados, realizou-se uma pesquisa documental em sítios eletrônicos dos órgãos oficiais de segurança pública de cada Unidade Federativa brasileira. O levantamento dos últimos certames bem como da quantidade de vagas oferecidas deu-se por meio da análise de editais encontrados mediante pesquisa em sítios eletrônicos específicos. Os cargos de Perícia Oficial encontraram-se vinculados a Órgãos de Polícia Civil na maioria das UFs. Além disso, pode-se verificar aumento na quantidade de concursos ofertados após a promulgação da Lei nº 12.030/2009. Conclui-se que os Órgãos de Perícia Oficial mantêm vínculo administrativo com a Polícia Civil na maioria das UFs e, apesar do aumento na oferta de concursos e vagas, determinadas legislações estaduais deixam a desejar quanto à atividade pericial do cirurgião-dentista, sobretudo no que diz respeito à sua atuação no cargo de Perito Odontolegista.
RECONSTRUÇÃO FACIAL FORENSE DIGITAL: UMA REVISÃO SOBRE O EMPREGO DA TÉCNICA
Authors: Paris Larissa Marceli Lemes , Moritsugui Deisy Satie , Melani Rodolfo Francisco Haltenhoff
Published: July 2020

A Reconstrução Facial Forense (RFF) é uma técnica auxiliar de identificação, aplicável quando o cadáver se encontra irreconhecível em razão do estado de decomposição, carbonização ou mutilação, e pode ser realizada de forma manual ou digital. Os métodos digitais fazem uso de recursos computacionais para aproximar a aparência em vida da face do cadáver. O desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias nas áreas da imaginologia e tecnologia da informação tem permitido o aperfeiçoamento da técnica da reconstrução facial digital. O propósito deste artigo é fornecer uma visão geral do método digital de RFF, destacando a evolução do método, as vantagens e algumas limitações relacionadas ao emprego dessa técnica. A RFF digital, por meio de recursos de tecnologia da informação, permite que sejam realizados ajustes virtuais, sendo possível avaliar cada etapa da reconstrução durante o processo, corrigindo eventuais erros e produzindo diversas variações para uma mesma face, visando a facilitar um possível reconhecimento.
DETERMINAÇÃO DO SEXO POR MEIO DE MEDIDAS DENTAIS EM TOMOGRAFIA COMPUTADORIZADA DE FEIXE CÔNICO
Authors: Selim Heitor Ferreira , Silva Amanda Santana , Silva Ana Carolina Betini , Rodrigues Ícaro Freitas , Azevedo Junior Romildo Rocha , Peyneau Priscila Dias
Published: July 2020

Introdução: Os dentes são as estruturas mais duras do corpo humano e suportam a altas temperaturas sem desintegração, por isso são utilizados na odontologia forense para identificação humana. O dente canino, em especial, normalmente é o menos afetado por doenças bucais, quando comparados a outros dentes, e é mais propenso a resistir em casos de traumatismos. Objetivo: Identificar o dimorfismo sexual da população da Grande Vitória-ES, por meio de medidas dentais lineares em dentes caninos permanentes nos exames de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC). Materiais e métodos: Foram realizadas medidas da maior largura e altura da coroa dos caninos superiores e inferiores, direitos e esquerdos e a distância entre as cúspides dos caninos superiores e inferiores em uma amostra de 100 exames (47 do sexo masculino e 53 do sexo feminino) de TCFC. Resultados: Foi encontrada uma diferença estatisticamente significante nas medidas intercanina superior e cervicoincisal do elemento 23. Conclusão: Existe uma diferença sexual, apresentando na população feminina, com dimensões maiores que as encontradas no sexo masculino, na população estudada, na medida intercanina superior e na medida cervicoincisal do canino superior esquerdo. Por meio de medidas dentais em exames de TCFC, foi possível concluir que essas medidas podem identificar o sexo, porém não deve ser utilizada de forma isolada, deve ser feita concomitante com outras formas periciais.
Potential for the blood- biomarker cell free UPK2 RNA to detect recurrence during monitoring after surgical resection of adenocarcinoma of the lung
Authors: Zhu Ji , Lu Qijue , Li Bin , Li Huafei , Wu Cong , Li Chunguang , Jin Hai
Published: July 2020

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for top of all diagnosed lung cancers. Lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD) is the most common subtype in NSCLC. This study attempts to identify and validate biomarkers that can be used to monitor recurrence after LUAD surgery. Methods: In this research, we downloaded lung adenocarcinoma data from the TCGA database and selected postoperative recurrence samples, and then performed WGCNA analysis to find key co-expression gene modules. Enrichment analysis of key gene modules was also performed using the DAVID database. Finally, we performed a survival analysis of the most interesting biomarker UPK2 obtained from the TCGA analysis in the Oncomine database and evaluated its impact on prognosis. We collected 132 blood samples from patients with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma who were tested the expression level of free mRNA in the plasma.Results: The results revealed that UPK2, KLHDC3, GALR2 and TYRP1 occupied a central position in the co-expression network which were also significantly correlated with the survival of patients. The expression level of free UPK2 in the plasma relative to GADPH in non-relapsed patients was 0.1623, and in relapsed patients, it was 0.2763. ROC was used to evaluate the effectiveness of free UPK2 mRNA in the blood for monitoring postoperative recurrence, with an AUC of 0.767 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.675-0.858. At the same time, patients with high expression of free UPK2 mRNA had significantly poorer survival than those with low expression of UPK2. Conclusions: The expression level of free UPK2 mRNA in plasma has the potential as an indicator of postoperative recurrence in patients with early LUAD. This may have guiding significance for the subsequent clinical treatment of patients.
Gender differences in attrition rates of hospital-based medical specialty programs: attributable to gender composition of the clinical specialty?
Authors: Butterman Olivia , Slenter Victor , Velden Lud Van der , Batenburg Ronald
Published: July 2020

Background

Since 1999 the Advisory Committee on Medical Manpower Planning (ACMMP) advises the Dutch government on the medical workforce capacity and the intake in training programs, as to achieve or maintain a balance on the labour market. One of the key parameters the ACMMP uses when calculating the required intake in training programs, is the attrition rate.

Methods

In total 11,579 trainees enrolled in hospital-based programs from January 1 st 2003 until 31 st of December 2012, for 26 specialisms. To explore possible explanations for the gender differences in attrition rate per specialty, additional information was gathered: the percentage of males per program, the total number of specialists in training, the duration of the training and the percentage of males currently working in that specialty.

Results

One training program was excluded, due to the small size of that training program (62 trainees) and the large outliers it produced. Regression analyses were done, showing significant explanations of the variation in the difference between male and female attrition rates (Y1), for the proportion of males working in the profession per 01-01-2003 (R 2 : .545, F(27,60), p<.000), the proportion of males in training per 01-01-2003 (R 2 : .417, F(16,01), p<.000) and a small effect for the relationship with the total attrition rate for each training program (R 2 : .163, F(4,46), p<.046). There was also a significant effect for the duration of the specialty training (R 2 : .299, F(9,85), p<.005). A Kruskal-Wallis test was preformed to analyse the difference in attrition by type of specialty. The difference between the types of specialisms were significant (H=6,66, p.0,036).

Conclusions

Attrition rates in Dutch hospital-based specialty programs differ between males and females in a way that more males tend to drop-out from training when the specialty is dominated by women and, importantly, vice versa as well. The relationships found needs to be explored, in particular as the duration and nature of the specialty training seem to interact with gender ratios in the training programs and occupations longer training programs tend to have more males on them. Furthermore, more insight is needed in the selection and identification processes among residents in specialty training.
Early Amantadine Treatment Reduces the Risk of Death in Patients With Large Hemisphere Infarctions
Authors: Li Jie , Zhang Ping , Liu Yingying , Wu Simiao , Yi Xingyang , Zhang Shihong , Wang Chun , Liu Ming
Published: July 2020

Objective

Amantadine hydrochloride is one of the most frequently prescribed drugs for patients with severe traumatic brain injury in restoring consciousness and accelerating the pace of functional recovery. However, there is a paucity of studies on the effectiveness of amantadine in patients with severe stroke especially large hemisphere infarction (LHI). The present study aimed to investigate whether amantadine treatment is associated with better clinical outcomes in conservatively treated LHI patients.
Methods

We retrospectively collected conservatively treated LHI patients according to inclusion/exclusion criteria. The patients were divided into two groups based on the treatment regimen, whether they did receive amantadine hydrochloride in addition to standard therapy (ST) or not. The primary outcomes were in-hospital death, 3-month mortality and unfavorable outcome (defined as modified Rankin Scale score of 4 to 6). All outcomes were compared between the two groups before and after propensity score matching (PSM). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the association between early amantadine hydrochloride treatment and clinical outcomes in LHI patients.
Results

31 LHI patients treated with amantadine combined with ST and 127 patients treated with ST were enrolled. Amantadine group had a shorter prehospital delay(median: 2 vs. 10 hours), higher baseline NIHSS score (21.71 ± 4.76 vs. 17.49 ± 5.84) and higher rate of dominant hemisphere involvement (67.74% vs. 45.67%). After PSM, amantadine treatment significantly reduced the risk of in-hospital death (7.41% vs. 31.11%, p๦0.019) and 3-month mortality (25.93% vs. 55.56%, p๦0.008). Amantadine treatment yielded a significant decrease in death in-hospital (before PSM: OR 0.143, 95% CI 0.034 to 0.605; after PSM: OR 0.113, 95% CI 0.020 to 0.635) and 3-month mortality (before PSM: OR 0.214, 95% CI 0.077 to 0.598; after PSM: OR 0.176, 95% CI 0.053 to 0.586) in unmatched and matched multivariable analysis.
Conclusion

The results of our study provide initial evidence that early amantadine treatment was associated with a decrease in death in conservatively treated LHI patients. Considering the limitations of observational study, randomized controlled trials with large sample size may help provide a clearer picture of the utility of amantadine in LHI patients.
Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, and Platelet Score is Associated With Adverse Clinical Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tian Mengke , Li Youfeng , Wang Xiao , Tian Xuan , Pei Lu-lu , Wang Xin , Zhang Luyang , Sun Wenxian , Wu Jun , Sun Shilei , Ning Mingming , Buonanno Ferdinando , Xu Yuming , Song Bo
Published: July 2020

Background

The combined index of hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte and platelet (HALP) is considered as a novel score to reflect systemic inflammation and nutritional status. This study aimed to investigate the association between HALP score and adverse clinical events in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).
Methods

This study prospectively included patients with AIS within 24 hours of admission to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. The primary outcomes were all-cause death within 90 days and 1 year. The secondary outcomes included stroke recurrence and combined vascular events. The association between HALP score and adverse clinical outcomes was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards.
Results

A total of 1337 patients were included. Patients in the highest tertile of HALP score had a lower risk of death within 90 days and 1 year (Hazard ratio: 0.20 and 0.30; 95% confidence intervals: 0.06–0.66 and 0.13–0.69, P for trend < 0.01 for all) compared with the lowest tertile after adjusting relevant confounding factors. Similar results were found for secondary outcomes. Subgroup analyses further confirmed these association. Adding HALP score to the conventional risk factors improved prediction of death in patients with AIS within 90 days and 1 year (net reclassification index, 38.63% and 38.68%; integrated discrimination improvement, 2.43% and 2.57%; P < 0.02 for all).
Conclusions

High HALP score levels were associated with decreased risk of adverse clinical outcomes within 90 days and 1 year after stroke onset, suggesting that HALP score may serve as a powerful indicator for AIS.
Dynamic Changes in Serum Cortisol and Acth Levels and Lymphocyte Subset Counts in Children With Septic Shock
Authors: Lin Min , Zhang Bo-Qiu , Lin Hai , Sun Peng-Ming , Wang Shi-Biao , Guo Ren-Ming , Weng Bin , Guo Xiao-Feng
Published: July 2020

Backgroud: To study the dynamic changes in serum cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels and peripheral blood lymphocyte subset counts in children with septic shock (SS) and to explore their association with the severity and prognosis of the disease. Methods: The levels of serum cortisol, ACTH and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were analyzed in 25 patients in the advanced-stage group with decreased blood pressure and 24 patients in the early-stage group with normal blood pressure. Twenty-five healthy children who underwent physical examination were selected as the control group. Children in the advanced-stage group were further divided into the death subgroup (n = 5) and the survival subgroup (n = 20).Results: At admission, the levels of serum cortisol and ACTH in the advanced-stage group were apparently higher than those in the early-stage group (P < 0.05). The advanced-stage group had significantly lower lymphocyte subset counts than the early-stage group (P < 0.05). On the 3rd day after admission, the levels of serum cortisol and ACTH in both groups decreased, and the counts of total lymphocytes, T cells and Th cells in the early-stage group were significantly higher than those at admission. On the 8th day after admission, there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of serum cortisol or ACTH between the groups. At admission, there was no statistically significant difference in serum cortisol and ACTH levels between the death subgroup and the survival subgroup. On the third day after admission, the levels of cortisol and ACTH were decreased in both groups, but the differences between the two subgroups were not statistically significant. All the lymphocyte subset counts in the death subgroup on the third day after admission were significantly lower than those in the survival subgroup (P < 0.05).Conclusions: The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is excessively activated in children with SS. Higher serum cortisol and ACTH levels and lower peripheral blood lymphocyte subset counts indicate increased severity of the disease. After treatment, the first signs that indicate the effective control of the disease are decreased serum cortisol and ACTH levels and increased T cell, Th cell and total lymphocyte counts.
Anatomy of footprint extension in ribosome profiling reveals translational landscape mediated by S1 protein in bacteria
Authors: Fujita Tomoya , Yokoyama Takeshi , Shirouzu Mikako , Taguchi Hideki , Ito Takuhiro , Iwasaki Shintaro
Published: July 2020

Ribosome profiling — RNase footprinting of ribosome-bound mRNA — has been a unique and powerful method, applied to widespread organisms to survey ribosome traversal along mRNAs. In contrast to eukaryotes, bacterial ribosome footprints show a broad range of sizes, reflecting the differential states of ribosomes. However, the origin remains unclear. Here, we show that rotated state of ribosomes and intramolecular RNA duplexes each extend bacterial ribosome footprints at the 5′ end. Combining elongation inhibitors, cryo-electron microscopy, and ribosome profiling, we demonstrated that the rotated state of ribosomes results in long footprints. Along the subunit rotation, ribosomal protein S1 — a 30S-subunit RNA-binding protein — sterically protects mRNA at the 5′ end of the ribosome from RNase digestion and facilitates elongation of the ribosome. Moreover, we found that ribosomes stalled on ycbZ mRNA generate prolonged footprints because of their unique RNA secondary structure proximal to ribosomes. Through the studies of footprint extension, our results revealed S1-mediated stabilization of translation elongation and provide ribosome profiling approach to probe the conformational diversity of ribosomes in bacteria.
Wavefront Aberration Analysis in Diabetic Children and Adolescents with Normal Vision
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Jia Yan , Li Tao , Wang Anken , Gao Lu , Yang Chenhao , Zou Haidong
Published: July 2020

Background: To compare the differences in wavefront aberrations between healthy and diabetic children with normal central vision and to investigate the causes of declined visual quality in diabetic children.Methods: This was a case-control study. Children with or without diabetes with normal central vision were selected as case and control group. The wavefront aberration parameters, including spherical aberration, coma aberration, root mean square of total wavefront aberration, root mean square of higher-order wavefront aberration, and corneal curvature, were measured by an automatic multifunctional ophthalmoscope. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the differences in average binocular wavefront aberration between groups. The correlations between wavefront aberration and age, visual acuity, corneal endothelium, intraocular pressure, axial length, corneal diameter, central corneal thickness, crystal thickness, anterior and posterior surface curvatures, and anterior chamber depth were analyzed in the diabetic group.Results: 32 patients with diabetes and 38 age- and sex-matched individuals were enrolled. The mean total and higher-order aberrations in diabetic group were slightly higher than those in control group, with no significant difference between groups (P > .05). The root mean squares of the aberrations correlated with anterior and posterior surface curvatures (P3mm = .014, P5mm = .021; P3mm = .035, P5mm = .038, respectively), but not with age, visual acuity, corneal endothelium, intraocular pressure, axis, corneal diameter, central corneal thickness, crystal thickness, and anterior chamber depth.Conclusions: For diabetic children, subtle changes in lens may lead to changes in wavefront aberrations and this may be the causes of visual impairment. These findings indicate the need to strengthen early screening and close follow-up of wavefront aberrations in diabetic children.Trial registration: This was a case-control study based on a hospital population (NCT 03587948). Date of registration was 07/03/2018. The name of the registration is Shanghai Children and Adolescent Diabetes Eye Study.
Genome-wide characterization and expression profiling analysis of the xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase gene family in Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Shen Hongyan , Tan Qiuping , Xiao Wei , Deng Wenpeng , Yu Xiaoyan , Wu Hongyu
Published: July 2020

Background: Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs) are a class of cell wall-associated enzymes involved in the construction and remodeling of cellulose/xyloglucan crosslinks. However, knowledge of this gene family in the model monocot Brachypodium distachyon is limited. Results: A total of 29 BdXTH genes were identified from the reference genome, and these were further divided into three main groups (Group I/II, Group III, and the Ancestral Group) through comparative phylogenetic analysis. Gene structure and protein motif analysis indicate that closely clustered BdXTH genes are relatively conserved within each group. A highly conserved amino acid domain (DEIDFEFLG) responsible for catalytic activity was identified in all BdXTH proteins. We detected three pairs of segmentally duplicated BdXTH genes and five groups of tandemly duplicated BdXTH genes, which have played important roles in the expansion of the BdXTH gene family. Cis -elements related to hormones, growth, and abiotic stress responses were identified in the promoters of each BdXTH gene. Most BdXTH genes have distinct expression patterns in different tissues and growth stages. Furthermore, when roots were treated with two abiotic stresses (salinity and drought) and four plant hormones (IAA, auxin; GA3, gibberellin; ABA, abscisic acid and BR, brassinolide), the expression levels of many BdXTH genes changed significantly, suggesting possible roles in response to various environmental stimuli and plant hormones. Conclusion: In this study, we performed genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression pattern analysis of the XTH gene family in Brachypodium, which provide valuable information for further elucidation of the biological functions of BdXTH genes in the model grass B. distachyon.
Unilateral Tubular Approach for Bilateral Laminotomy vs Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Lv Bin , Hu Minjie , Zhang Lei , Bi Shiqi
Published: July 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Wrist Tuberculosis-experience From Eighteen Cases: A Retrospective Study
Authors: zou longfei , tan meiyun , guo xing , guo jiang , xue hao , zheng shuling , zhang jianhua , huang denghua , lv hui
Published: July 2020

Background

Wrist tuberculosis is a rare disease, easy to cause misdiagnosis, delay treatment and lead to poor prognosis. In this study, the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of 18 cases of wrist tuberculosis were analyzed retrospectively.
Methods

We conducted a retrospective study investigating tuberculosis of the wrist, diagnosed in 18 patients from August 2013 to November 2018. Puncture biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. The study includes 11 males and 7 females, and 8 left and 10 right wrists. The average age was 53.5 ± 18.3 years and ranged from 15 to 81 years. The disease course was 1 to 42 months, with an average of 15.1 ± 11.3 months. Eighteen patients were treated with surgery and chemotherapy, 3 patients with severe bone defect were treated with wrist fusion, and 15 patients were treated with focus removal. The Gartland and Werley score, DASH score, the range of motion (ROM), grip strength, and imaging examinations were used to evaluate the postoperative recovery of the patients.
Results

Eighteen patients were followed up for 15 to 77 months, with an average follow up of 39.7 ± 15.3 months. The ESR and CRP levels were normal for all patients after chemotherapy. No recurrence of tuberculosis was observed in any of the patients. Among the 15 focus removal, the Gartland and Werley scores at admission, two weeks of chemotherapy, 1 month after surgery, and the last follow-up were 21.73 ± 4.33, 18.60 ± 3.16,11.27 ± 2.79, and 5.07 ± 2.28, respectively; and DASH scores were 45.87 ± 5.58, 39.47 ± 4.72,22.67 ± 6.54, and 6.73 ± 2.94, respectively. The wrist range of motion (ROM) and grip strength improved significantly compared to those at admission. Among the three cases of wrist fusion, 2 were fixed with a steel plate and the fixation position of wrist joint was good. One case was fixed with Kirschner wire and resulted in a slightly deformed wrist joint.
Conclusion

For the patients with wrist tuberculosis, early diagnosis, preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy, thorough focus removal, and appropriate fixation of the affected limb can help restore the function of the affected wrist, reduce the recurrence rate, and improve the quality of life.
Comparing Different Wavelet Transforms on Removing Electrocardiogram Baseline Wanders and Special Trends
Authors: Tsui Fuchiang , Chen Chao-Chen
Published: July 2020

Background Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, an important indicator for heart problems, is commonly corrupted by a low-frequency baseline wander (BW) artifact, which may cause interpretation difficulty or inaccurate analysis. Unlike current state-of-the-art approach using band-pass filters, wavelet transforms can accurately capture both time and frequency information of a signal. However, extant literature is limited in applying wavelet transforms (WTs) for baseline wander removal. In this study, we aimed to evaluate 5 wavelet families with a total of 14 wavelets for removing ECG baseline wanders from a semi-synthetic dataset.Methods We created a semi-synthetic ECG dataset based on a public QT Database on Physionet repository with ECG data from 105 patients. The semi-synthetic ECG dataset comprised ECG excerpts from the QT database superimposed with artificial baseline wanders. We extracted one ECG excerpt from each of 105 patients, and the ECG excerpt comprised 14 seconds of randomly selected ECG data. 12 baseline wanders were manually generated, including sinusoidal waves, spikes and step functions. We implemented and evaluated 14 commonly used wavelets up to 12 WT levels. The evaluation metric was mean-square-error (MSE) between the original ECG excerpt and the processed signal with artificial BW removed. Results Among the 14 wavelets, Daubechies-3 wavelet and Symlets-3 wavelet with 7 levels of WT had best performance, MSE=0.0044. The average MSEs for sinusoidal waves, step, and spike functions were 0.0271, 0.0304, 0.0199 respectively. For artificial baseline wanders with spikes or step functions, wavelet transforms in general had lower performance in removing the BW; however, WTs accurately located the temporal position of an impulse edge. Conclusions We found wavelet transforms in general accurately removed various baseline wanders. Daubechies-3 and Symlets-3 wavelets performed best. The study could facilitate future real-time processing of streaming ECG signals for clinical decision support systems.
Defining the Learning Curve is Necessary to Improve Oocyte Retrieval Skills: Lessons from A Single High-Volume Reproductive CenterDefining the Learning Curve is Necessary to Improve Oocyte Retrieval Skills: Lessons from A Single High-Volume Reproductive Center
Authors: Cao Mingzhu , You Danming , Li Sichen , Wu Yixuan , Liu Haiying , Huang Qing , Liu Jianqiao
Published: July 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the novice trainee’s learning curve for oocytes retrieval procedure through assessment of oocytes retrieval efficiency, operative time and other operative characteristics. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 200 consecutive patients undergoing transvaginal ultrasound guided oocytes retrieval procedure. Those patients underwent oocyte retrieval procedure by a single operator and one experienced supervisor. Their clinical data, including demographic data, ovarian stimulation cycle information, surgical procedure, and laboratory data were collected over 3 months. CUSUM analyses based on the operative time were performed to determine the learning curve. Results: The mean operative time was 10.10 min. Based on the CUSUM plot of operative time, the learning curve can be divided into three separated phases, phase 1 (case 1 to case 49) was learning phase, phase 2 (case 50 to case 130) was acquisition phase, and phase 3 (case 131 to case 200) was proficiency phase. The operative time was significantly shortened from phase 1 to phase 3 (phase 1, 13.37 ± 4.83min; phase 2, 10.21 ± 3.30 min; phase 3, 7.67 ± 3.24 min, P < 0.001). The oocyte retrieval efficiency was also notably improved from phase 1 to phase 3 (78.2% to 100% based on method 1 to determine oocyte retrieval efficiency, and 104.2% to 121.1% based on method 2 to determine oocyte retrieval efficiency). The retrieved oocytes number, the fertilization rate, clinical pregnancy rate among the three phases showed no significant differences. No patients had severe adverse events. As determined by multiple linear regression, learning phase is the only independent predictor of oocyte retrieval efficiency. Conclusion: Trainees practice transvaginal ultrasound guided oocytes retrieval are expected to achieve a stabilized procedure over consecutive training cases, with acquisition of the skills at 49 cases, and proficiency at 130 cases. Cumulative operative experience can improve the operative time and oocytes retrieval efficiency, but showed minimal influence on retrieved oocytes number and reproductive outcomes.
A case report of SMARCA4/BRG1-deficient non-small cell lung cancer with a spindle cell component found by next-generation sequencing of a brain metastasis
Authors: Ikeda Hiroko , Sone Takashi , Kasahara Kazuo , Nakada Satoko , Yoshimura Kaori , Sakaguchi Maki , Mizuguchi Keishi , Nojima Takayuki , Takeuchi Shinji , Yano Seiji , Yoshida Kotaro , Gabata Toshifumi
Published: July 2020

Background: Several studies of different cancers have revealed mutations in switch/sucrose non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) complex genes. Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1), which is encoded by SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4 (SMARCA4), is a member of this complex. SMARCA4/BRG-1-deficient non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) has been considered a subset of lung cancer that has distinct clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics, which implies its relationship with SMARCA4/BRG1-deficient thoracic sarcoma. Case presentation: We experienced a case of SMARCA4/BRG1-deficient lung cancer in a 40-year-old female patient with a history of smoking. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large mass in the right lung apex with an extension to the extrapulmonary region and cerebral metastasis. Histological analysis showed poorly differentiated carcinoma with spindle cell components. She was diagnosed with NSCLC (stage IV) at that point. An EGFR mutation and ALK and ROS1 rearrangement were not detected, and then treated with chemoradiotherapy. Overall, the tumors were resistant to chemotherapy, and therefore, after 2 years, the brain tumor was excised for histological and molecular analysis. Histologically, the brain mass was an undifferentiated tumor with round cells and glandular components. The mutation in SMARCA4 in the brain specimen was identified by next-generation sequencing. Immunohistochemical examination revealed a complete loss of BRG1. SMARCA4/BRG1-deficient thoracic sarcoma had been raised as a differential diagnosis, collectively, she was diagnosed with SMARCA4/BRG1-deficient NSCLC considering for the result of positivity for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and claudin-4, and negativity for Sal-like protein 4, CD34, and SRY-box 2 by immunohistochemical examination. Regrettably, a definitive diagnosis required approximately 2 years. She is alive with disease at 30 months after the presentation. Conclusions: The diagnosis of SMARCA4/BRG1-deficient NSCLC is frequently difficult because of no specific morphology and necessity of discrimination from SMARCA4/BRG1-deficient thoracic sarcoma, which is the practical reason this disease is sometimes missed. Immunohistochemistry for BRG1 should be encouraged for the pathological examination of NSCLC with any histology for the prompt and precise diagnosis of SMARCA4/BRG1-deficient NSCLC.
The Decision not to Resuscitate Order for Children and Related Ethical Issues from Students’ Perspective
Authors: abuhammad sawsan , Mufleh Suhiab , Alzoubi Karem H
Published: July 2020

Background : Nurses and PharmD have communicated the for elaborate and properly documented DNR orders for terminally ill children and informed child with terminally ill diseases and relatives to offer excellent care attention, such as more family support, assisting the child with terminally ill disease in passing on peacefully, and preventing unnecessary CPR This research aimed to survey attitudes of nursing and PharmD (PharmD) undergraduate students about the “do not resuscitate” order for children with terminally ill diseases.Method: Across-sectional correlational design was used. More than 400 nursing and PharmD students were recruited in this study. All nursing and doctors of pharmacy undergraduate students were E-mailed information regarding the study, including the web survey link.Results: Approximately 60% of the nursing and PharmD students would disclose the need for the do not resuscitate order for children with terminally ill diseases. The results showed that there was a significant difference in perception toward DNR order between nursing and PharmD. PharmD students had more positive attitude toward DNR than nursing students. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that all demographic variables not associated with the perception toward DNR orders (p value > 0.05). This study shows that Jordanian nursing and PharmD students are willing to learn more about different aspects of DNR orders for terminally ill children and analyzing their responses to many items showed their misconception about DNR orders for terminally ill children.
Probabilistic Graphical Model using Bayesian Networks for Predicting Clinical Outcome after Posterior Decompression in Patients with Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Park Sung Bae , Oh Sohee , Yoo Changwon , Shin Dong Ah , Lee Sun-Ho , Yang Hee-Jin
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to develop a probabilistic graphical model (PGM) to show the personalized prediction of clinical outcome in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) with different clinical conditions after posterior decompression and to use the PGM to identify causal predictors of the outcome.MethodsWe included data from 59 patients who had undergone cervical posterior decompression for CSM. The candidate predictive parameters were age, sex, body mass index, trauma history, symptom duration, preoperative and last Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, gait impairment, claudication, bladder dysfunction, Nurick grade, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade, smoking, diabetes mellitus, cardiopulmonary disorders, hypertension, stroke, Parkinson disease, dementia, psychiatric disorders, arthritis, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, cord signal change in T1-weighted images, postoperative kyphosis, and cord compression ratio. Statistical and Bayesian network analyses were used to create the PGM and identify predictive factors.ResultsIn multiple linear regression analysis, preoperative JOA score, presence of a psychiatric disorder, and ASIA grade were identified as significant factors associated with the last JOA score. Dementia, sex, preoperative JOA score, and gait impairment were causal factors in the PGM with 93.2% accuracy. Sex, dementia, and preoperative JOA score were direct causal factors related to the last JOA score. Being female, having dementia, and a low preoperative JOA score were significantly related to having a low last JOA score. The PGM showed that preoperative JOA score and sex did not affect the last JOA score in patients with dementia. The probability of having a high last JOA score was higher in men with a high preoperative JOA score than in women with the same preoperative state (74% vs. 2%, respectively).ConclusionsThe causal predictors of surgical outcome for CSM were sex, dementia, and preoperative JOA score. Use of the PGM with the Bayesian network may be useful personalized medicine tool for predicting the outcome for each patient with CSM.
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides attenuate RORγt-mediated Th17 response by restoring histone deacetylase-2 in cigarette smoke-exposure asthma
Authors: Hongtao Li , Qimei YE , Yusen Lin , Xuena Yang , Xiaoling Zou , Hailing Yang , Wenbin Wu , Ping Meng , Tiantuo Zhang
Published: July 2020

Background: Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure increases corticosteroid insensitive asthma related to increased Th17 phenotype, and new treatment strategies are needed for CS-associated asthma. Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), found in airway epithelium, is critical in improving glucocorticoids insensitivity. We recently demonstrated the anti-inflammatory properties of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) in CS-exposure asthma. However, CpG-ODN’s effects on HDAC2 expression and enzyme activity remain unstudied. This study aimed to assess whether CpG-ODN protect against excessive Th17 immune responses in CS-induced asthma through HDAC2-dependent mechanisms, comparing their effects with corticosteroids’. Methods: The effects of CpG-ODN alone and in combination with budesonide (BUD) on airway inflammation and Th2/Th17 related airway immune responses were determined using the in vivo model of CS-associated asthma and in cultured bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells administered ovalbumin (OVA) and/or cigarette smoke extract (CSE). HDAC2 and retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt) were also assessed in mouse lung specimens and HBE cells. Results: CpG-ODN and BUD in vivo synergistically attenuated CS-exposure asthmatic responses at various levels such as immune cell influx with mixed eosinophils and neutrophils, airway remodeling, Th2/Th17 associated cytokine and chemokine production, and airway hyperresponsiveness, along with blockade of RORγt-mediated Th17 inflammation through induced HDAC2 expression/activity. In vitro, CpG-ODN synergized with BUD to inhibit Th17 cytokine production in OVA- and CSE-challenged HBE cells while suppressing RORγt and increasing epithelial HDAC2 expression/activity. Conclusions：CpG-ODN reversed CS-induced HDAC2 downregulation and enhances the sensitivity of CS-exposure asthma and CSE induced HBE cells to glucocorticoid treatment. This may be related to HDAC2 recovery via RORγt/IL-17 pathway regulation, suggesting CpG-ODN as a potential corticosteroid-sparing agent in CS-induced asthma with Th17-biased immune conditions.