bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of human disturbance on flight response and habitat use of red deer
Authors: Meisingset Erling L. , Gusevik Joar , Skjørestad Atle , Brekkum Øystein , Mysterud Atle , Rosell Frank
Published: November 2022

Many wild animals perceive humans as predators, and human disturbance, especially in the form of hunting, triggers antipredatory behavior among prey. Yet, knowledge of how game species react to different types of human disturbance and adapt to repeated disturbances is limited. We investigated how disturbance in the form of a solitary human approacher (stalker) impacted behavior (flight response and short‐term habitat use) of 28 GPS‐collared red deer (Cervus elaphus) in two populations with contrasting population densities in Norway. We studied how the behavioral response differed: (1) with season (pre‐hunting vs. hunting); (2) by consecutive approaches within a day; (3) among replicated experiments within the same season; and (4) between two regions with contrasting densities of red deer. The average flight initiation distance (FID) increased by 15% during the hunting season, and consecutive approaches within the same day caused the red deer to move 49% longer distances. Flight initiation distance was longer in the high‐density population, while escape distance was longer in the low‐density population. Red deer moved out of their weekly home range after 52% approaches, and after the onset of hunting season, time spent outside the home range increased by 89%. Red deer preferred denser resting sites after the disturbance and animal sites had shorter sighting distance and higher canopy cover than control plots. Tree density and canopy cover at animal sites increased at the onset of hunting season, from first to second approach within day, and after replicated experiments within season. Our results suggest that red deer preferred dense resting sites, especially in the hunting season. However, these animal sites had the same amount of the favorable forage plant bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), indicating no clear food–cover trade‐off in selection of habitat. Our study showed that onset of hunting initiates stronger fear responses in red deer, which may in turn affect red deer distribution and harvesting efficiency.
A Logic Fluorescent Chemosensor Based on Eu3+ Functionalized Cd‐MOFs for Sensing Fe3+ and Cu2+ Synchronously
Authors: Li Pengcheng , Chen Xiaohuan , Guo Cui , Zou Huijing , Chen Ziyi , Liu Bingjie , Liang Wenjie , Cai Jianfeng , Xu Hai
Published: November 2022

One of the most critical and yet unsolved issues is the effective monitoring of multiple heavy metal ions in complex systems through their specific function in fluorescence detection. In this work, luminescence‐active cadmium base metal‐organic frameworks (Cd‐MOFs) based on the planar and rigid π‐conjugated structure ligand benzo‐(1,2;3,4;5,6)‐tris (thiophene‐2’‐carboxylic acid) (H3BTTC) was chosen. A series of sensing experiments demonstrated that the Cd‐MOFs exhibits selective and sensitive response for Fe3+ and Eu3+ through fluorescence “turn off” and “antenna effect” respectively. In addition, the encapsulation of Eu3+ inside the Cd‐MOFs (Eu3+@Cd‐MOFs) led to an excellent probe with dual emission. To this end, a programmable fluorescence platform was developed to detect Fe3+ and Cu2+, in which the emission peaks of both the ligand and Eu3+ are completely quenched by Fe3+. The ratiometric detection of Cu2+ leads to a decrease in Eu3+ emission, while the ligand emission remains stable. To demonstrate the strategy, the fluorescence (Output) of Cd‐MOFs, Eu3+@Cd‐MOFs, and the analytes (Eu3+, Fe3+, and Cu2+, input) achieved elementary Boolean logic operations (OR, NOR, AND) and they constitute a logic fluorescent chemosensor to analyze Fe3+ and Cu2+ synchronously.
There are higher levels of conspiracy beliefs in more corrupt countries
Authors: Alper Sinan
Published: November 2022

In four studies, I found evidence that people living in countries with higher levels of corruption have a greater tendency for conspiracy ideation. In Study 1 (21 countries, N = 20,207), participants living in more corrupt countries reported having higher COVID‐19 and generic conspiracy beliefs. Study 2 (25 countries, N = 4935), Study 3 (25 countries, N = 24,424), and Study 4 (24 countries, N = 5973) replicated the same finding. Internal meta‐analysis suggested that this association remained significant after adjusting for other relevant cross‐country differences. Studies 1 and 2, but not 3 and 4, also showed that corruption moderated the association between individuals’ gullibility (i.e., lack of education) and their conspiracy beliefs, and this association was significant only in low‐corruption countries. The findings suggest that country‐level corruption breeds conspiracy beliefs and moderates the effect of individuals’ gullibility on conspiracy beliefs.
Interpersonal attribution bias and social evaluation in adolescent eating disorders
Authors: Harper Jessica A. , Palka Jayme M. , McAdams Carrie J.
Published: November 2022

Objective

Improved understanding of adolescent eating disorders (EDs), including identification and refinement of treatment and recovery targets, may help improve clinical outcomes. Interpersonal function is a proposed risk and maintenance factor that may be particularly relevant given the significance of adolescence for both psychosocial development and ED onset. This study examined self‐referential thinking in adolescents with EDs compared to healthy adolescents.

Method

Twenty‐nine adolescents with EDs and 31 healthy controls completed a self‐report measure of interpersonal attributions as well as a verbal appraisal task that required conducting direct and indirect evaluations about oneself and direct evaluations about others.

Results

The ED group had a more negative self‐attribution bias than the control group (p = 0.006) even when controlling for depression severity. Additionally, the ED group exhibited less positive direct self (p < 0.001), direct social (p = 0.015), and social reflected self‐appraisals (p = 0.011) than the healthy cohort. After including depression as a covariate in the verbal appraisal model, the model was no longer significant, suggesting group differences related to social appraisals may be mediated by depression.

Conclusions

Adolescents with EDs have more negative interpersonal beliefs than comparison adolescents. Future studies are needed to determine how the constructs identified here relate to clinical course.
Ecological Risk Analysis for Benzalkonium Chloride, Benzethonium Chloride, and Chloroxylenol in US Disinfecting and Sanitizing Products
Authors: Fuchsman Phyllis , Fetters Kyle , O'Connor Alison , Bock Michael , Henning Miranda , Brown Lauren , Mrdjen Igor , Stanton Kathleen
Published: November 2022

Use of three topical antiseptic compounds—benzalkonium chloride (BAC), benzethonium chloride (BZT), and chloroxylenol (PCMX)—has recently increased because of the phaseout of other antimicrobial ingredients (such as triclosan) in soaps and other disinfecting and sanitizing products. Further, use of sanitizing products in general increased during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. We assessed the environmental safety of BAC, BZT, and PCMX based on best available environmental fate and effects data from the scientific literature and privately held sources. The ecological exposure assessment focused on aquatic systems receiving effluent from wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs) and terrestrial systems receiving land-applied WWTP biosolids. Recent exposure levels were characterized based on environmental monitoring data supplemented by modeling, while future exposures were modeled based on a hypothetical triclosan replacement scenario. Hazard profiles were developed based on acute and chronic studies examining toxicity to aquatic life (fish, invertebrates, algae, vascular plants) and terrestrial endpoints (plants, soil invertebrates, and microbial functions related to soil fertility). Risks to higher trophic levels were not assessed because these compounds are not appreciably bioaccumulative. The risk analysis indicated that neither BZT nor PCMX in any exposure media is likely to cause adverse ecological effects under the exposure scenarios assessed in the present study. Under these scenarios, total BAC exposures are at least three times less than estimated effect thresholds, while margins of safety for freely dissolved BAC are estimated to be greater than an order of magnitude. Because the modeling did not specifically account for COVID-19 pandemic–related usage, further environmental monitoring is anticipated to understand potential changes in environmental exposures as a result of increased antiseptic use. The analysis presented provides a framework to interpret future antiseptic monitoring results, including monitoring parameters and modeling approaches to address bioavailability of the chemicals of interest. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:3095–3115. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

Abstract

Conceptual model of ecological exposures for down-the-drain usage of topical antiseptic compounds.
Strategies to increase connectivity and performance of VANETs: Analysis of route lifetime and routing protocol proposal
Authors: de Assis Danilo Renato , Alves Junior Joilson , Wille Emilio Carlos Gomes
Published: November 2022

Vehicular ad hoc networks aim to provide communication among vehicles, providing safety and entertainment to passengers. The performance of these networks is entirely dependent on the existence of routes and the time they remain established (the route lifetime). Several factors can influence route lifetime and network connectivity, for instance: speed, density, direction of movement, and radio transmission range. The investigation of route lifetime and what are the critical physical factors, can assist in building more appropriate protocols and applications, developing efficient mobile communication infrastructures. Therefore, this article proposes strategies to increase the performance of V2V vehicular networks, through the analysis of which factors most influence performance and the development of a new routing protocol, which based on these factors, is able to select the best routes. The simulations prove that the route lifetime increases in denser networks and when vehicle movement occurs in the same direction. Meanwhile, the route lifetime does not undergo significant changes depending on the speed of vehicles. Based on these results, the Improved Connectivity Ad Hoc On‐Demand Multipath Distance Vector (IC_AOMDV) protocol was developed which, without the use of any fixed infrastructure (eg, GPS), surpassed the classic AOMDV and AODV protocols in all metrics tested.
Human perception relates to when endangered species are listed
Authors: Lepczyk Christopher A , Klingbeil Brian T , Christoffel Rebecca A , Rutledge Daniel T , Flather Curtis H
Published: November 2022

The species endangerment listing process is governed not solely by causal factors but also by human perception, particularly as it relates to observability. Because human perception is important in species detection, we hypothesized that ecological indicators associated with human perception would change noticeably over time. Testing our hypothesis on species listed under the US Endangered Species Act, we found that – in general and across (not within) different taxa – body mass and geographic range of listed species decreased over time and that animals that produced vocalizations and exhibited grouping behavior were listed earlier than silent and solitary animals. Specifically, since the year of their listing, the body mass of birds, mammals, and reptiles decreased, whereas the body mass of amphibians increased; likewise, the geographic range of insects, mammals, and plants contracted, whereas the geographic range of amphibians, bivalves, birds, and fish slightly expanded. Our results demonstrate a temporal shift in endangered species listings, suggesting that approaches to listing species may need to be reevaluated and methodologically revised.
Rethinking Energy Infrastructure: Disruptive Change
Authors: DeCotis Paul A.
Published: November 2022

Let's talk about electrifying everything. Government and business leaders, policy makers, regulators, and many stakeholder groups alike are espousing the benefits of electrifying buildings, transportation, and industry. The concept is as interesting as it is controversial. As the United States and other countries develop plans for decarbonizing their economies, a host of issues arise that need airing. There will be some economic dislocation, with winners and losers. There will be new businesses formed, new technological innovations coming to market, and new business models for supplying and delivering energy services. From an options perspective, locking in a single path toward decarbonization too early can stress existing markets, foreclose innovations that might prove more cost‐effective with greater efficacy, and result in putting infrastructure in place that in a few years might prove obsolete.
Spatio‐temporal variation in b‐value prior to the 26 November 2021 Mizoram earthquake of northeast India
Authors: Sharma Vickey , Biswas Rajib
Published: November 2022

In this study, the variation in frequency magnitude distribution factor (b‐value) before the main shock has been assessed for the 26 November 2021 Mizoram earthquake (Mw 6.1) in northeast India. The study area covering the Indo‐Burma Ranges is divided into square grids of equal dimension and spatial mapping of the b‐value for each square grid has been carried out. The maximum likelihood method is implemented for the estimation of the b‐value of each grid. The epicentral location of the 26 November 2021 Mizoram earthquake (Mw 6.1) is found to be in the intermediate b‐value square grid. The temporal variation in the b‐value indicates a considerable decline in the b‐value before the occurrence of the main event. The depth‐wise variation in the b‐value suggests an antithetical relationship between the b‐value and crustal stress. The spatio‐temporal and depth‐wise fluctuation in the b‐value results have been strengthened by employing a non‐parametric Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K–S) test. Based on our study, we infer that interplate earthquakes occur mostly in the upper crust of the study region.
Dysregulation of global circular RNA abundance regulated by spliceosomes predicts prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: He Lei , Qiu Liman , Chen Feng , Chen Tingting , Peng Fang , Li Zhenli , Dong Xiuqing , Cai Zhixiong , Fang Yuanchang , Chen Hengkai , Chen Geng , Liu Xiaolong
Published: November 2022

CircRNAs have been reported to play crucial roles in tumor progression and recurrence, showing potential as biomarkers in cancer. However, the global abundance of circRNA and their involvement in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development have not been fully explored. Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed on tumor and peritumor from 60 patients with HCC to quantify the expression of circRNAs, and the global circRNA abundance was calculated by circRNA index (CRI). Gene‐set enrichment analysis and weighted gene co‐expression network analysis were used to reveal the biological signaling pathways associated with the global circRNA abundance. The correlation between the global circRNA abundance and the infiltration level of CD8+ T cells was explored by immunohistochemical assays. Small interfering RNA was used to knock down the pre–messenger RNA spliceosome in HCC cell lines to verify the regulation of spliceosome in global circRNA abundance. We found that dysregulation of global circRNA abundance in both tumor and peritumor could lead to worse prognosis. The immunohistochemical assay further revealed that the dysregulation of global circRNA abundance in both tumor and peritumor would obstruct the CD8+ T cells from invading into the tumor, which might explain its correlation with HCC prognosis. We also demonstrated that the spliceosome genes were the main factors to regulate the global circRNA abundance in HCC, and these results were also confirmed by knockdown experiments. Conclusion: This study revealed the association between the global circRNA abundance and patients' prognosis and its underlying mechanism.
Volatility spillovers during normal and high volatility states and their driving factors: A cross‐country and cross‐asset analysis
Authors: Iqbal Najaf , Bouri Elie , Liu Guangrui , Kumar Ashish
Published: November 2022

Understanding the transmission of volatility across markets is essential for managing risk and financial stability, especially under crisis periods during which an extreme event occurring in one market is easily transmitted to another market. To gain such an understanding and enrich the related literature, we examine in this article the system of volatility spillovers across various equity markets and asset classes using a quantile‐based approach, allowing us to capture spillovers under normal and high volatility states. The sample period is 16 March 2011–10 November 2020 and the employed dataset comprises 12 implied volatility indices representing a forward‐looking measure of uncertainty of global equities, strategic commodities and the US Treasury bond market. The results show that the identity of transmitters and receivers of volatility shocks differ between normal and high volatility states. The US stock market is at the centre of volatility spillovers in the normal volatility state. European and Chinese stock markets and strategic commodities (e.g. crude oil and gold) become major volatility transmitters in the high volatility state, after acting as volatility receivers during normal periods. Furthermore, we study the drivers of implied volatility spillovers using regression models and find that US Default spread contributes to the total volatility spillover index in both volatility states, whereas TED spread plays a significant role in the normal volatility state. As for the role of short rate and risk aversion, it is significant in the high volatility state. These findings matter to the decision‐making process of risk managers and policymakers.
HU308 Mitigates Osteoarthritis by Stimulating Sox9-Related Networks of Carbohydrate Metabolism
Authors: Carmon Idan , Zecharyahu Lital , Elayyan Jinan. , Meka Sai R. K. , Reich Eli , Kandel Leonid , Bilkei-Gorzo Andras , Zimmer Andreas , Mechoulam Raphael , Kravchenko-Balasha Nataly , Dvir-Ginzberg Mona
Published: November 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive, irreversible erosion of articular cartilage accompanied by severe pain and immobility. This study aimed to assess the effect and mechanism of action of HU308, a selective cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) agonist, in preventing OA-related joint damage. To test the assumption that HU308 could prevent OA-related joint damage, Cnr2 null mice and wild type (WT) mice were aged to reach 20 months and analyzed for joint structural features. OA was induced in WT mice via a post-traumatic procedure or aging, followed by HU308 local (intra-articular) or systemic (intraperitoneal) administration, respectively. Additional analyses of time and dose courses for HU308 were carried out in human primary chondrocytes, analyzed by RNA sequencing, RT-PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting. Our results showed that Cnr2 null mice exhibited enhanced age-related OA severity and synovitis compared to age-matched WT mice. Systemic administration of HU308 to 16-month-old mice improved pain sensitivity and maintained joint integrity, which was consistent with the intra-articular administration of HU308 in post-traumatic OA mice. When assessing human chondrocytes treated with HU308, we uncovered a dose- and time-related increase in ACAN and COL2A1 expression, which was preceded by increased SOX9 expression due to pCREB transcriptional activity. Finally, transcriptomic analysis of patient-derived human chondrocytes identified patient subpopulations exhibiting HU308-responsive trends as judged by enhanced SOX9 expression, accompanied by enriched gene networks related to carbohydrate metabolism. Collectively, the results showed that HU308 reduced trauma and age-induced OA via CB2-pCREB dependent activation of SOX9, contributing to augmented gene networks related to carbohydrate metabolism. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Silencing of lncRNA MIR31HG promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis through suppressing the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Feng Bo , Chen Ke , Zhang Weiwei , Zheng Qi , He Yong
Published: November 2022

Background

MIR31HG has been affirmed to regulate the tumorigenesis of head–neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). This study aims to reveal the function of MIR31HG in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which falls into the category of HNSC.

Methods

MIR31HG expression pattern in HNSC tissues was predicted by starBase. FISH and qRT‐PCR were employed to detect MIR31HG expression in NPC tissues and to analyze the association between MIR31HG and clinicopathological features. NPC cell viability, colony formation, and apoptosis were measured by MTT assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry. The expressions of protein kinase B (AKT), phosphorylated (p)‐AKT, phosphoinositide 3‐kinases (PI3K) and p‐PI3K in NPC cells were analyzed by Western blot. The correlation between MIR31HG expression and AKT1 mRNA expression was analyzed by The Cancer Genome Atlas and starBase.

Results

MIR31HG was highly expressed in HNSC tissues and NPC tissues. Meanwhile, the association between high MIR31HG expression and aggressive clinicopathological traits was significant in NPC patients at tumor stage III‐IV (T3‐T4) and in those with lymph node metastasis 1–2 (N1‐N2). Silencing of MIR31HG suppressed NPC cell viability and colony formation, promoted apoptosis, and decreased the expressions of p‐PI3K, and p‐AKT. 740Y‐P reversed the above effects of si‐MIR31HG on NPC cells. Besides, MIR31HG expression was positively correlated with AKT1 mRNA expression in HNSC patients.

Conclusion

MIR31HG silencing promotes NPC cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis through suppressing the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Non‐genetic biomarkers for ankylosing spondylitis: An umbrella review
Authors: Lv Changming , Ye Ding , Zhu Yi , Meng Shuyang , Liu Bin , Sun Xiaohui , Wen Chengping , Mao Yingying
Published: November 2022

Objective

The objective of the study was to provide an overview of the existing evidence on non‐genetic biomarkers for ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Methods

In this umbrella review, we searched PubMed and Web of Science from database inception to October 31, 2020. Systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of observational studies investigating the associations between any non‐genetic biomarkers and AS were included. We estimated summary standardized mean difference (SMD) along with 95% confidence interval (CI), I2 statistic, 95% prediction interval (PI), and assessed small‐study effects and excess significance bias. The study was registered in PROSPERO with registration number of CRD42020218240.

Results

A total of 1276 publications were identified, of which 21 articles covering 43 non‐genetic biomarkers were eligible for inclusion. Evidence of 22 (51%) non‐genetic biomarkers exhibited a nominally significant effect (p < 0.05) on AS, and 7 associations (14%) showed small‐study effects. The associations of platelet count (SMD: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.71) and serum interleukin (IL)‐23 levels (SMD = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.27 to 2.79) with AS presented highly suggestive evidence, while circulating IL‐17 levels (SMD = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.71, 3.01) and Treg/PBMC ratio (SMD = −0.75, 95% CI: −1.06 to −0.44) presented suggestive evidence. However, these associations showed large or very large between‐study heterogeneity, suggesting an indefinite direction for the effect when 95% PIs were considered.

Conclusion

No convincing evidence supported the existence of a non‐genetic biomarker for AS. Some highly suggestive associations might be affected by bias, therefore, promising non‐genetic biomarkers for AS remain limited at least based on the current evidence from observational studies.
Formative research to develop an app to prevent dating and sexual violence and alcohol use among high school youth
Authors: Edwards Katie M. , Dalla Rochelle L. , Mauer Victoria A. , Roselius Kaitlin , Camp Emily E. , Marshall Jania , Ybarra Michele
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to conduct formative research to inform the development of an app, that would simultaneously engage youth and adults, to prevent dating and sexual violence (DSV) and alcohol use (AU). Participants (N = 56) were high school students, parents/guardians, and professionals (e.g., school personnel) from across the United States who participated in online focus groups. Overall, participants had positive perceptions of the utility, helpfulness, and effectiveness of an app to prevent DSV and AU among high school students. Participants provided in depth information about both the content (e.g., local rates of DSV and AU) and features (e.g., skills‐based, inclusion of incentives, help button) that the app should include. These preliminary data suggest that future research to develop and pilot an app for both youth and adults to prevent DSV and AU among high school students is warranted.
So far but yet so near: Examining the buffering effect of perceived social support on the psychological impact of Spanish lockdown
Authors: Dopico‐Casal Carlos , Montes Carlos , Fraga Isabel , Vieitez Lucía , Padrón Isabel , Romero Estrella
Published: November 2022

The main objective of this study was to examine the moderating or buffering effect of social support (SS) perceived by university students on the psychological impact of lockdown on mental health. Specifically, a total of 826 participants (622 women) completed an online survey that included standardized measures of anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder‐7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9), and irritability (Brief Irritability Test), as well as measures of stressors, perceived SS, and self‐perceived change in mental health. The results of hierarchical regression analyses suggest that SS contributes toward attenuating the negative impact of academic stressors, general overload, and interpersonal conflict on the indicators of psychological well‐being; however, moderation analysis only confirms the buffering effect for symptoms of anxiety. In conclusion, it is suggested that SS networks need to be strengthened as a basic means of protecting health and well‐being during unexpected disasters.
The spiritual contagion scale: A measure of beliefs in the transfer of metaphysical properties
Authors: Kim Jin , Newman George E. , Fedotova Natalie O. , Rozin Paul
Published: November 2022

Contagion is the belief that an entity's invisible or essential qualities can be transferred to a target. Researchers studying contagion have often distinguished between physical contagion (the perceived transfer of germs, toxins, and pathogens) and spiritual contagion (the perceived transfer of metaphysical properties such as spirits, essence, and moral characteristics). While sensitivity to physical contagion is a component of several existing scales, to date, there are no scales that measure sensitivity to spiritual contagion. Here, we develop and validate a measure of Spiritual Contagion Sensitivity (SCS), which considers positive, negative, and neutral aspects of spiritual contagion. We demonstrate discriminant validity from existing measures of physical contagion sensitivity, such as perceived vulnerability to disease and disgust sensitivity (Study 1). We demonstrate construct validity by showing the correlation between SCS and a variety of published findings in the literature for which spiritual contagion beliefs have been hypothesized to play a role (Study 2). Finally, we demonstrate predictive utility of the SCS scale by showing significant moderation of spiritual contagion effects from the literature (Studies 3A–3C).
Infective endocarditis in people who inject drugs: A scoping review of clinical guidelines
Authors: Selitsky Lea , Racha Savitha , Rastegar Darius , Olsen Yngvild
Published: November 2022

Background

The incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) among people who inject drugs (PWID) is rising worldwide. Multiple clinical guidelines differ on the management of this condition, and few guidelines comment on treatment for primary substance use disorder (SUD). A comprehensive comparison of these guidelines is lacking.

Objectives

To perform a critical review identifying key differences in clinical guideline recommendations for treating IE among PWID, focusing on the inclusion of recommendations for SUD treatment and the presence of stigmatizing language.

Eligibility Criteria

Recently published, English‐language, society‐developed clinical guidelines for the treatment of IE among PWID.

Sources of Evidence

PubMed, Google Scholar, and CINAHL Plus databases.

Charting Methods

In line with Arksey and O'Malley's framework, a scoping review was adapted using Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. Two reviewers independently performed database searches for clinical guidelines published between 2007 and 2020 that commented on the management of IE among PWID.

Results

Ten clinical guidelines were included in the final analysis. Treatment recommendations varied with some societies proposing nonstandard care due to concern for return to drug use. Three guidelines include reference to addiction treatment. Only one guideline specifies the use of opioid agonist therapy for treating opioid use disorder and identifies the benefits of an addiction specialist consultation. Acute withdrawal management is not mentioned in any guideline. All guidelines utilized stigmatizing language to describe PWID.

Conclusions

Most guidelines do not address SUD treatment, despite its effectiveness in reducing adverse health outcomes. Future guidelines should address SUD treatment using patient‐first language.
Recommendations on the follow‐up of patients with Gaucher disease in Spain: Results from a Delphi survey
Authors: Giraldo Pilar , Andrade‐Campos Marcio , Morales Montserrat ,   the SEGA (SEguimiento del paciente de GAucher, Gaucher patient follow‐up) Group
Published: November 2022

Management of Gaucher disease (GD) is challenging due to its wide genotypic and phenotypic variability and changing clinical manifestations due to effective treatment. Sixteen face‐to‐face meetings with experts were held in order to discuss daily clinical practice and identify controversies regarding the management of GD. With this information, a questionnaire with 93 recommendations for different clinical scenarios was designed, and a Delphi survey among 86 physicians with experience in GD was conducted. Consensus was reached on 73 out of the 93 items. Recommendations on follow‐up of adult and pediatric patients were in line with current guidelines, and underscored the importance of a patient‐tailored approach. For the follow‐up of stable patients receiving long‐term treatment, consensus was reached on the importance of multidisciplinary care that involves pediatricians, internal medicine, and primary care, specialized radiologists, orthopedic surgeons, and hematologists when required. Degree of pain, use of painkillers and antidepressants, and quality of life should be evaluated at every follow‐up visit or at least once per year. In general, a closer follow‐up was recommended for untreated patients or patients who underwent a treatment change (every 3 months during the first year) and during pregnancy. For pregnant patients, hemostasis and risk of hemorrhage should be assessed, but no consensus was reached for initiation of treatment in asymptomatic pregnant patients. Lastly, recommendations on how to adapt GD management during a COVID‐19 pandemic were collected. This expert consensus may help decision‐making during the management of GD in specific clinical scenarios.
Risk Factors for Cerebrovascular Events in Moyamoya Angiopathy Using 4D Flow MRI: A Pilot Study
Authors: Wang Maoxue , Yang Yongbo , Zhang Wen , Zhou Fei , Zhang Xin , Zhang Jilei , Zhang Bing
Published: November 2022

Background

Little is known about internal carotid artery (ICA) hemodynamics in patients with moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) and its role in cerebrovascular events.

Purpose

To characterize ICA hemodynamics in MMA patients by 4D flow MRI and investigate its relationship with cerebrovascular events.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

Seventy MMA patients (50 years old ± 9, 30 males).

Field Strength/Sequence

Time‐resolved three‐directional velocity encoded fast field echo sequence (4D flow) MRI, T1‐weighted fast field echo sequence, T2 weighted turbo spin echo sequence, diffusion weighted echo planar imaging; T2‐weighted fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery turbo spin echo sequence, susceptibility weighted fast field echo sequence, and time‐of‐flight MR angiography fast field echo sequence at 3.0T.

Assessment

ICA hemodynamics (maximum and average velocity [Vmax, Vavg], average blood flow [Flowavg], and wall shear stress) were analyzed based on 4D flow data. Cerebral infarction, defined as the occurrence of events, in 124 brain hemispheres was determined according to clinical symptoms and conventional brain MR imaging.

Statistical Tests

The independent‐samples T test was used to evaluate differences in ICA hemodynamics between infarcted and non‐infarcted hemispheres. Binary logistic regression was performed to investigate the relationship between ICA hemodynamics and events. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Sixty‐one infarcted hemispheres (eight hemispheres with acute ischemic damage, 30 with chronic ischemic damage, and 23 with chronic hemorrhagic damage) had cerebrovascular events and 63 non‐infarcted hemispheres did not. The hemodynamic parameters in the infarcted hemispheres (Vmax: P < 0.001; Vavg: P = 0.003; and Flowavg: P = 0.004) were significantly lower than those in the non‐infarcted hemispheres. However, Vmax (P = 0.052), Vavg (P = 0.107), and Flowavg (P = 0.074) were not significantly different among hemispheres with acute ischemic lesions, chronic ischemic lesions and chronic hemorrhagic lesions. Vmax (odds ratio 3.033, 95% CI: 1.075–8.562) was independently associated with cerebrovascular events.

Data Conclusion

Vmax maybe a higher risk factor of cerebrovascular events in MMA patients.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy Stage

3
Heavy metal removal from water using the metallogelation properties of a new glycolipid biosurfactant
Authors: Poirier Alexandre , Ozkaya Korin , Gredziak Julie , Talbot Delphine , Baccile Niki
Published: November 2022

Water pollution by heavy metals is a problem in both western and developing countries. Heavy metal pollution can be associated with human activity, such as wastewaters from processing of ore mining, but also to simple contamination from metal‐rich soils. Whichever the case, chemical and physical methods are generally employed to depollute water. Since most chemicals are themselves polluting agents, there is an increasing interest in finding biobased and biodegradable alternative chemicals, both efficient in removing metals and benign to the environment. Biosurfactants are green chemicals produced by fermentation of yeasts and bacteria and with a good environmental score. Among many applications, this class of compounds has been used to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils. Within this framework, we propose a new mechanism of depolluting water using a glucolipid biosurfactant, G‐C18:1, composed of glucose (G) and a C18:1 fatty acid (oleic acid). This compound is able to form a metallogel by complexing cations in water, thus trapping heavy metals (Cu2+, Ni2+, Cr2+, and Co2+) in the gel phase. This mechanism allows to remove up to 95% for cobalt and 88 ± 10%, 80 ± 3%, and 59 ± 6% for Cu2+, Ni2+, and Cr2+, respectively. A dedicated structural study shows that this is possible because positively charged species induce gelation of G‐C18:1 through a micelle‐to‐wormlike phase transition, most likely driven by a charge neutralization process. This work shows that wise control of the nanoscale properties of green chemicals can strongly benefit to develop a sustainable future.
Dietary supplementation with a microencapsulated complex of thymol, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde improves intestinal barrier function in weaning piglets
Authors: Mo Kaibin , Yu Wengang , Li Jing , Zhang Yunxiao , Xu Ying , Huang Xianhui , Ni Hengjia
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

The authors previously prepared a microencapsulated complex of thymol, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde (MEEO). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of MEEO on the intestinal mucosal barrier and homeostasis in weaning piglets. A comparison of the effect of MEEO versus chlortetracycline (CTC) was performed in this study.

RESULTS

Piglets were divided into three groups – control (Con), MEEO, and CTC groups – and raised for 28 days. The results showed that MEEO significantly elevated the ratio of the villus height and the crypt depth in the jejunum and decreased the crypt depth in the ileum compared with the other groups (P < 0.05); it also upregulated the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of tight junction protein in the small intestine. Compared with the Con group, MEEO increased the concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides (CAMP), and interleukin 10 (IL‐10), while decreasing the interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β) concentration in both jejunal and ileal mucosa (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of jejunal mucosal MUC1 and ileal mucosal MUC2 was increased in the MEEO group compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). Intestinal microbial analysis showed that dietary treatment had little impact on the ileal microbial structure. A significant rise in the genus Lactobacillus was, however, found in the MEEO group. There is a positive correlation between the Lactobacillus and sIgA, and between the Lactobacillus and CAMP, indicating that an improvement in the mucosal barrier function by the addition of MEEO may be associated with the proliferation of Lactobacillus.

CONCLUSION

Dietary supplementation with MEEO improves intestinal barrier function in weaning piglets, the effect of which was superior to CTC. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of soaking and air‐resting on the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of Piper guineense (Schum and Thonn) seeds
Authors: Chiawa Sylvia C. , Attaugwu Roseline N. , Uvere Peter O.
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Soaking and air‐resting are processing steps in malting. This has been reported to increase metabolic and enzyme activities in rice paddy as a result of exposure of the grain to atmospheric oxygen. The present study evaluated the effect of soaking and air‐resting on the phytochemical composition of Piper guineense seeds. The seed extracts were prepared by: soaking the seeds in water for 4 h; air‐resting for 30, 60, 90, and 120 min; and re‐soaking for another 4 h. The out‐of‐steep seeds were milled and an extract was formed by tissue homogenization and maceration using ethanol. The phytochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of the seed extract were determined using standard methods.

RESULTS

The alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, and total phenol contents were 0.126–0.268, 0.091–0.172, 0.080–0.123, 0.00–0.107, and 0.447–0.908 g kg−1 respectively. The antioxidant properties (reducing power) of the seed extracts were concentration‐dependent and were in the range 1.08–3.24 g kg−1 at 8 mg mL−1, 1.14–3.47 g kg−1 at 16 mg mL−1, 1.30–3.35 g kg−1 at 24 mg mL−1, 1.26–3.11 g kg−1 at 32 mg mL−1, and 1.13–3.04 g kg−1 at 40 mg mL−1, respectively. The antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed that, at 100 mg mL−1, the inhibition zone diameters of the seed extracts were in the range 10–23 mm.

CONCLUSION

Soaking and air‐resting of P. guineense seeds increased the phytochemical components of the seeds. The extracts from the seeds air‐rested for 30 min showed the highest phytochemical contents and had the highest antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Survival outcomes after synchronous para‐aortic lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Aylward Conor , Noori Jawed , Tyrrell Jack , O'sullivan Niall , Kavanagh Dara O. , Larkin John O. , Mehigan Brian J. , McCormick Paul H. , Kelly Michael E.
Published: November 2022

Background

Synchronous para‐aortic lymph node metastasis (PALNM) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is a relatively rare clinical entity. There is a lack of consensus on management of these patients, and the role of para‐aortic lymph node dissection (PALND) remains controversial. This systematic review aims to describe the survival outcomes in colorectal cancer with synchronous PALNM when lymph node dissection is performed.

Methods

A systematic review of Pubmed, Embase and Web of Science databases for PALND in CRC was performed. Studies including patients with synchronous PALNM undergoing resection with curative intent, published from the year 2000 onwards, were included.

Results

Twelve retrospective studies were included. Four studies reported survival outcomes for rectal cancer, two for colon cancer and six as colorectal. Survival outcomes for 356 patients were included. Average 5‐year overall survival (OS) was 22.4%, 33.9% and 37.7% in the rectal, colon and colorectal groups respectively. Three year OS in the groups was 53.6%, 46.2% and 65.7%.

Conclusion

There remains a lack of quality data to confidently make recommendations regarding the management of synchronous PALNM in colon and rectal cancer cohorts. Retrospective data suggests a benefit in highly selective cohorts and therefore a case‐by‐case evaluation remains the standard of care.
An ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry identification and characterization of the active constituents from Abrus mollis Hance
Authors: Tan Zhien , Chen Shimin , Zhang Mengli , Qu Xiaosheng , Li Taiping , Zhang Aihua , He Yanmei , Ou Min , Long Lihuo , Chen Lu , Wu Fangfang
Published: November 2022

Abrus mollis Hance is a traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used to treat acute and chronic hepatitis, steatosis, and fibrosis. Its therapeutic qualities of it have long been acknowledged, although the active ingredients responsible for its efficacy and the mechanisms of its action are unknown. In this study, the chemical constituents absorbed into the blood from Abrus mollis Hance were assessed by using liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and the data was analyzed with the UNIFI screening platform. The results obtained were compared to existing chromatographic‐mass spectrometry information, including retention times and molecular weights as well as known reference compounds. 41 chemical constituents were found in Abrus mollis Hance, and these included 16 flavonoids, 13 triterpenoids, five organic acids, and two alkaloids. Experimentally it was found that Abrus mollis Hance had a therapeutic benefit when treating α‐naphthalene isothiocyanate‐induced acute liver injury in rats. In addition, 11 blood prototypical constituents, including six flavonoids, three triterpenoids, and two alkaloids, were found in serum samples following intragastric administration of Abrus mollis Hance extracts to rats. This novel study can be used for the quality control and pharmacodynamic assessment of Abrus mollis Hance in order to assess its efficacy in the therapeutic treatment of patients.
Prediction of peptides retention behavior in reversed‐phase liquid chromatography based on their hydrophobicity
Authors: Al Musaimi Othman , Valenzo Oscar M. Mercado , Williams Daryl R.
Published: November 2022

Hydrophobicity is an important physicochemical property of peptides and proteins. It is responsible for their conformational changes, stability, as well as various chemical intramolecular and intermolecular interactions. Enormous efforts have been invested to study the extent of hydrophobicity and how it could influence various biological processes, in addition to its crucial role in the separation and purification endeavor as well.

Here, we have reviewed various studies that were carried out to determine the hydrophobicity starting from (i) simple amino acids solubility behavior, (ii) experimental approach that was undertaken in the reversed‐phase liquid chromatography mode, and ending with (iii) some examples of more advanced computational and machine learning models.
Endoscopic Versus Microscopic Type‐1 Tympanoplasty: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Crotty Thomas J. , Cleere Eoin F. , Keogh Ivan J.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Totally endoscopic ear surgery is becoming increasingly utilized in otologic practice. Although the well‐established microscope‐assisted tympanoplasty remains the most common technique to repair a tympanic membrane defect, the merits of endoscopic approaches have been well‐documented. This systematic review and meta‐analysis compares the outcomes of endoscopic to microscopic tympanoplasty incorporating only randomized trials.

Study Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE was conducted. All randomized studies comparing endoscopic to microscopic tympanoplasty were collected according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines. Quality assessment was carried out utilizing the Risk of Bias 2.

Results

The initial search identified 1711 studies, of which 9 met the inclusion criteria comprising of 540 patients (microscopic tympanoplasty 51.5%; endoscopic tympanoplasty 49.5%). The mean age was 32.5 years with a similar number of males (50.1%) and females (49.9%). Both endoscopic and microscopic groups had comparable outcomes with regards to graft success rate (RD 0.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.04 to. 0.05; p = 0.87) and hearing improvement (MD 0.57 dB; 95% CI, −1.23 to 2.36; p = 0.54). A significantly shorter operative time was noted in the endoscopic group (MD, −24.73 min; 95% CI, −38.56 to −10.89; p = 0.0005).

Conclusion

Our results, assimilating level 1 evidence, demonstrates that endoscopic and microscopic‐assisted type‐1 tympanoplasty have similar outcomes in both graft success and hearing improvement, with endoscopic approaches yielding a shorter operative time.

Level of Evidence

1 Laryngoscope, 133:1550–1557, 2023