bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beta-Thalassemia Haplotypes in Southwest of Iran
Authors: Dehdezi Bijan Keikhaei , Mafakher Ladan , Farhadi Kia Farhadi Kia Arta , Kahyesh Roya Salehi , Yiğit Perk Emir , Bitaraf Saeed , Maniati Mahmood
Published: October 2024

Background: Thalassemia is a widespread disease affecting people across various ethnicities and regions. In comparison to previous studies conducted in different regions of Iran, such as those in Lorestan and Sistan-Baluchestan, this study highlights unique mutation patterns prevalent in the southwestern population, emphasizing the genetic heterogeneity in this region. The identification of common mutations of beta-thalassemia in various ethnic groups within the nation is regarded as a practical solution for thalassemia prevention and prenatal diagnosis.
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective observational study, the medical records of 545 patients with various types of beta-thalassemia (silent, minor, intermediate, and major), referred to the center at Baqaei 2 hospital over a 14-year period (2008–2022), were examined. The age range of patients spanned from a 2-month-old fetus to a 34-year-old individual. Their mutations and thalassemia types were determined and confirmed using molecular methods, including PCR-ARMS (polymerase chain reaction-amplification refractory mutation system) and sequencing. The results were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: The study examined 545 patients and identified 81 types of mutations. The most frequent mutations observed were CD36-37(-T)/N, IVSII-1/N, and IVS1-110(G>A). The study also noted population heterogeneity, reflected in the wide range of mutations found in the region. Among the patients, 6 had the silent form of beta-thalassemia, 488 had the minor form (464 patients and 24 fetuses), 9 had the intermediate form (8 patients and 1 fetus), and 42 had the major form (26 fetuses and 16 adults).
Conclusion: The identification of prevalent beta-thalassemia mutations facilitates disease control and prevention programs and is crucial for the identification of various beta-thalassemia gene mutations. This should be re-evaluated periodically. Observing a wide range of beta-thalassemia genotypes in the southwestern region of Iran suggests gene flow; thus, identifying these genotypes is instrumental in preventing and controlling the disease.
Evaluating the Role of Silymarin in Coordinating the Relationship between Inflammation and Thrombosis by Affecting Endothelial Cells
Authors: Sharifi Roya , Shahidi Minoo , Sadeghi Shirazi Fatemeh , Parhizkary Fereshteh , Barati Mahmood , Zaker Farhad , Mosavizadeh Kazem
Published: October 2024

Background: A widespread crosstalk between inflammation and coagulation has been shown in numerous studies. This suggests that coagulation can trigger an inflammatory response which ultimately leads to coagulation activation. Previous research has shown that polyphenols can affect blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction, resulting in reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate whether Silymarin, a ﬂavonolignans, could play a role in the interaction between inflammation and coagulation by influencing endothelial cells.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were seeded with and without various concentrations of silymarin. In vivo, treatment with silymarin was also carried out. Coagulative and fibrinolytic factors, including Von Willebrand factor (VWF) and Factor VIII (FVIII), tissue plasminogen activator-1 (TPA-1), and inflammatory factors, including interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), were evaluated by flow cytometry, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Immunocytochemistry (ICC).
Results: Silymarin increased the gene expression, release, and storage of VWF while diminishing the gene expression, release, and storage of TPA-1 (P ˂ 0.05). The activity of FVIII was dramatically increased, and IL-8 and TNF-α levels were augmented. The in vivo study also indicated an elevated plasma level of VWF and IL-8 by silymarin administration.
Conclusion: The results showed that, although silymarin reduces inflammatory factors, it can affect coagulation factors by increasing the levels of VWF and FVIII activity and inhibiting TPA-1 production, thereby making thrombosis probable. Consequently, it is advisable to prescribe this medication with caution for individuals who are susceptible to thrombotic events.
A Compound Heterozygous of Hb E and Beta Thalassemia Independent of Transfusion: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Anju  , Kotru Mrinalini , Dewan Pooja
Published: October 2024

Hemoglobinopathy is now a worldwide problem. Mainly described in Southeast Asian countries. A compound heterozygous form of hemoglobin (Hb) E & b thalassemia was reported to be 50% of all severe forms of thalassemia. Clinical presentation of HbE/ b thalassemia is reported to be moderate to severe anemia. The children usually present at the age range of 7 months to 6.9 years. The clinical severity is affected by genetic factors, including mutation in a chain (b thalassemia), alpha-chain (a thalassemia), amount of adult Hb, and co-inheritance of another hemoglobinopathy. Here, we present a rare case of compound heterozygous of HbE/ b thalassemia), who survived without transfusion and complication until eight years of age. Peripheral blood smears and complete blood count showed microcytic hypochromic anemia.  High-performance chromatography showed a compound heterozygous of HbE/ b thalassemia.
The Relationship of University Students’ Academic Achievement with Emotional Intelligence and Self-esteem: A Descriptive Correlation Study Design at Jouf University, Saudi Arabia 2023
Authors: Salih Shahenda , M. Omar Ayat , Hassan Atrous Masouda , Salah Ahmed Mohammed Ali Tagwa , Mohamed Hamad Muneera , Abdein Humza Bashir Wafa , Abdelgader Mohammed Abdelgader Amani , Idris Ali Sagiron Elwaleed , Abdelrhman Elbashir Ashraf , Khalid Hussein Khalid Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Background: Understanding the factors that influence academic achievement among university students is crucial for educational institutions. This study aims to clarify the possible relationship between students’ academic achievement, emotional intelligence, and self-esteem. The findings from this research may provide valuable insights for educators and policymakers in developing strategies to enhance students’ academic performance and well-being. Methods: A descriptive-correlational study design was used. Participants were a total of 412 university students belonging to the selected 13 medical, scientific, and literary faculties of Jouf University, Saudi Arabia. The sample was determined randomly from different faculties. A multipart assessment tool was used to focus on assessing demographic information in terms of college, years of education, gender, parents’ educational level, marital status, and birth order. Students’ academic performance was based on their selfreported responses, as the grade point average is measured out of five. In contrast, emotional intelligence was measured using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire- Short Form and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale used to calculate students’ self-esteem. Results: The study found a strong positive correlation between grade point average, emotional intelligence, and self-esteem with parental educational level and academic year. Emotional intelligence and self-esteem were significantly influencing grade point average. Gender and academic year also had slight positive effects.Conclusion: There is a significant positive correlation between academic achievement, emotional intelligence, and self-esteem. Variables like fathers, mothers, academic year, gender, and self-esteem positively impacted grade point average.
Thiopurine S-methyl Transferase (TPMT) Enzyme Level in Healthy Sudanese Population
Authors: Khalid Rayan , Hashim Hassan Erwa Nahla , Mohamed Elshibli Elshibli , Fadl-Elmula Imad
Published: October 2024

Background: Thiopurine drugs have limited use due to their toxicity, related to the enzyme thiopurine S-methyl transferase (TPMT) activity, which varies between individuals. This is the first study in Sudan, which aimed to assess the TPMT phenotypic status of healthy Sudanese volunteers. Methods: A total of 177 healthy volunteers from Sudan were included in the study. TPMT enzymatic activities were measured using the ELISA serum protocol. We used SPSS to analyze the data and determined enzyme level categories and normal range with Z scores and quartile tests. The Sudan Medical Specialization Board (SMSB) Ethical Committee approved the study. Results: There were 117 males and 60 females among the volunteers, with ages ranging from 16 to 70 years and a mean age ± SD of 28.0 ±1 0.2, median = 24. Most candidates were from the Afro-Asiatic linguistic group (64.5%), followed by Nilo-Saharan (18.6%) and Niger-Kordofanian (16.9%). The TPMT enzyme level ranged between 0.17 and 9.5 ng/ml, with a mean of 2.26 ± 0.75 ng/ml. The quartile classification included very low enzyme (<0.76 ng/ml) seen in 4 candidates (2.3%), intermediate low (0.76-1.4 ng/ml) seen in 34 (19.2%), the normal range (1.5 – 3.75 ng/ml) seen in 119 (67.2%), and high enzyme activity (>3.76 ng/ml) seen in 20 (11.3%). No significant correlations between age, sex, and ethnic groups were recorded. Conclusion: The normal TPMT enzyme activity is between 1.5 and 3.76 ng/ml. A higher prevalence of TPMT deficiency was recorded and compared with international studies. Pretreatment screening using serum ELISA test for TPMT enzyme activity should be used to predict the risk of toxicity.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Prescribing Doctors Towards Direct Oral Anticoagulants: First Cross-sectional Study from Sudan
Authors: K. Mohamed Toga , A. Yousef Bashir , O. Elkhawad Abdalla , O. Ahmed Kannan
Published: October 2024

Background: During recent years, the prescription rates of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have increased rapidly worldwide. Little is known about situation of DOACs in Sudan. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess prescribing doctors’ knowledge, attitude, and practice level regarding DOACs. Methods: A cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted at three large hospitals in Khartoum, Sudan. The doctors were recruited from a wide range of disciplines such as cardiology, surgery, and nephrology. A four-section questionnaire consisting of questions on demographics, knowledge, attitude, and practice was designed and administered. Results: A total of 100 doctors responded over a period of four months, 52% of them were found to correlate with a low level of knowledge. Moreover, 56% and 81% of the doctors demonstrated inappropriate attitude and practice levels, respectively. With regard to switching protocols between DOACs and warfarin, the majority of the doctors did not have sufficient information when converting from rivaroxaban to warfarin and vice versa. Conclusion: The overall knowledge, attitudes, and practices of prescribing doctors regarding the use of the DOACs were found to be inadequate and insufficient for maintaining high therapeutic outcomes in patients necessitating anticoagulants agents. A well-structured educational program about DOACs is urgently needed.
Pharmacotherapy Practices and Clinical Outcomes of Pre-eclampsia/Eclampsia: An Observational Study
Authors: Sarwar Shumaila , Suliman Amal K , Bukhsh Allah , Mehmood Khan Tahir , Rafi Baig Mirza , Naureen Sobia
Published: October 2024

Background: This study observes fetal, pregnancy, and maternal outcomes with different regimens of Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4), used for prophylaxis and treatment of convulsions in eclampsia. Methods: In this observational study, the current prescribing practice and management outcomes of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia were observed in three tertiary care hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. Data were collected by using data collection form, containing information related to patient demographics, history, laboratory findings, drug administration record, and therapeutic outcomes for pregnancy, fetus, and mother. Results: Of the 50 patients studied, most (74%) were of eclampsia. The mean age of the patients was 25.7 (+5.05) years with the majority (36%) in the age range 21–25 years. Forty-one patients received MgSO4, of which most received the Pritchard regimen (n = 35), whereas only 5 patients were managed with Zuspan regimen. Liner logistic analysis revealed better fetal outcomes (OR 0.217, CI –0.283 – 1.543) and pregnancy outcomes (OR 0.186, CI –0.164 – 0.635) with Zuspan regimen as compared to Pritchard. Whereas, both regimens showed no difference in maternal outcomes (OR 0.044, CI –0.129 – 0.170). Conclusion: Zuspan regimen proved to be better in morbidity and mortality associated with eclampsia. Additionally, national as well as institutional guidelines should be developed, implemented, properly monitored, and evaluated for management of preeclampsia/ eclampsia. Mandatory in-service training and expertise should be provided for health professionals at all levels of the healthcare system, especially those working in gynecological setup.
Functional Outcome After Total Hip Replacement using Ceramic-on-Ceramic among young adults patients
Authors: Fadlalla Mahgoub H. A. , Ahmed Mohammed Mubarak Mohammed , Ali Mohamed Amal Abdelgadir , A. A. Mohamed Elfatih , Jarelnabe Ahmed Abdalla , Ahmed Aida AF , Mustafa Amna Mohammed Ali , Dinar Neimat Mahmoud Abd-Alrhman Ali , AbdElbagy Ahmed , Ahmed Ragaa Gasim , Hamid Amal Mohammed , Elbashir Amira Elnour Eltayeb , Doalbet Salma Mohammed Gomaa , Boshra Amira Yahia , Ahmed Khalda Ahmed Mohammed , Mohamed Duria Hassan Merghani , Elfaki Nahid , Abdalla Adel , Alghamdi Wael , Obadi Abdalkhaliq , AM Ahmed Waled
Published: October 2024

Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) by using ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) implants has emerged as a promising solution to mitigate wear debris-related complications, such as osteolysis, specifically in younger patients. This study aims to investigate the functional outcomes after total hip replacement by CoC in patients less than 30 years old, conducted within the hospitals of Khartoum, Sudan. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, hospital-based study was carried out across the major healthcare institutions in Khartoum state from October 2021 to April 2022. A cohort of 32 patients, all aged 30 or below, who underwent total hip replacement were included. Thorough data analysis was conducted using advanced statistical techniques. Results: The average age of included patients was 25.69 ± 2.7 years, among them, males had a slight predominance (56.3%) with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1. Most patients had a secondary school level of education (37.5%), while workers constituted the largest group (34.4%). The included patients were followed-up for more than six months. The mean visual analog scale (VAS) score was 7.91 ± 0.893. Additionally, the mean modified Harris hip score was 83.03 ± 4.9 (range: 72–91), highlighting the enhanced hip function achieved through the procedure. The majority of patients (65.6%) reported good functional outcomes, followed by 28.1% who attained fair outcomes and 25.8% who reported excellent outcomes. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that CoC THA yields optimal functional outcomes among patients aged 30 years and below. The procedure exhibits remarkable potential to improve hip function and alleviate pain in this specific patient population. These findings highlight the efficacy and viability of CoC implants in younger patients, contributing to the advancement of hip arthroplasty techniques.
The Effect of Sudan's April 2023 War on Medical Education and Prospects for Recovery
Authors: Al Mahdi Tahra Al Sadig , Fahal Ahmed Hassan
Published: October 2024

Background: Sudan’s historical narrative is marked by enduring sociopolitical challenges and deep cultural divisions that have sparked numerous conflicts. A recent escalation in hostilities on 2023, April 15 has dangerously pushed the nation to the brink of a full-scale civil war with potential regional ramifications. The resultant humanitarian crisis involves over 9000 fatalities, 12,000 injuries, and the displacement of six million people, now grappling with dire conditions in their new settlements. The ongoing conflict in Sudan has had a profound impact on the nation’s already challenged medical education (ME) sector, resulting in the complete destruction of buildings and infrastructure, widespread looting in conflict zones, and a nationwide disruption of educational activities. This review sheds light on the urgent and still unfolding crisis in ME and explores potential solutions to enhance global understanding of crisis management.Methods: The review utilizes the crisis management framework and draws insights from diverse sources such as literature, student-led webinars, and discussions with Sudanese ME experts. We have examined pre-existing challenges, analyzed the war’s impact on ME, and proposed a path forward. Results: Despite the profound devastation, this crisis offers a unique opportunity to revamp Sudan’s struggling ME system, introducing a community-centric and socially accountable approach. Conclusion: Through collaborative efforts, Sudan’s ME system has the potential to serve as a model for similar nations, effectively addressing the needs of its populace and fostering sustainable development.
The Effect of Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) on the Expression and Methylation Status of the FOXO1 gene in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Assar Shirin , Roghani Seyed Askar , Lotfi Ramin , Shahrokhvand Seyedeh Zahra , Kardideh Bahareh , Yari Kheirollah , Soleymani Bijan , Khademi Fatemeh
Published: October 2024

Background: The expression of forkhead box O (FOXO) was found to be connected with developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an inflammatory autoimmune disorder. The current study is intended to assess the expression and methylation status of the FOXO1 gene in individuals with recently diagnosed RA, before and after the administration of customary disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Methods: Twenty participants were investigated in this study. The assessment of the FOXO1 gene expression in peripheral blood was done by real-time PCR, and the status of FOXO1 promoter methylation was ascertained via quantitative methylation-specific PCR (Q-MSP) before and after the administration of DMARDs for six months. Results: Following DMARDs treatment, the study discovered a decrease in FOXO1 gene expression. However, the decline did not meet the criteria for statistically meaningful (P = 0.087). The expression of the FOXO1 gene was positively correlated with RA disease activity pre- and post-treatment with DMARDs (P = 0.009, r = 0.567 and P = 0.001, r = 0.656, respectively). Moreover, the study showed no alterations in the amount of DNA methylation of the FOXO1 promoter in newly diagnosed RA patients who had not yet received DMARDs, as compared to DMARDs-treated RA patients. Conclusion: Altogether, this study suggests that DMARDs treatment may reduce FOXO1 gene expression, potentially helping to alleviate the pro-inflammatory effects associated with this gene.
In Their Own Words: Narratives of Sudanese Pediatricians Displaced By Conflict
Authors: Alhassan Mohammed , Hajelbashir Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Background: This study examines the profound personal and professional impact of the armed conflict in Sudan since April 2023 on pediatricians, particularly focusing on their displacement from Khartoum and the resultant challenges in providing essential health services to children in conflict-affected areas. Methods: Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this study targeted displaced pediatricians from Khartoum identified via purposive sampling. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire, featuring both quantitative items and an open-ended question for qualitative insights, administered electronically. The analysis combined descriptive statistics and thematic analysis with ethical oversight provided by the IRB of Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University. Results: In a study of 42 displaced pediatricians from Sudan, 66.67% were female and the majority were aged between 30 and 45 years. Despite facing adversities due to armed conflict, these pediatricians displayed remarkable resilience and continued to provide pediatric care under challenging conditions. Key themes emerged from their narratives, including professional commitment amid scarcity, emotional turmoil coupled with spiritual reflection, and relentless pursuit of providing care. Safety concerns primarily drove displacement, with 95.24% citing this as a reason. While 61.90% of the respondents relocated within Sudan, 38.10% moved abroad, reflecting the profound personal and professional impact of the conflict. Conclusion: The armed conflict in Sudan has severely disrupted the pediatric healthcare system, leading to widespread displacement of pediatricians and jeopardizing child healthcare. The study highlights the resilience of healthcare professionals amidst adversity, their struggle to maintain care delivery, and the critical need for support and strategic planning to restore healthcare services in conflictaffected areas.
The Influence of Religious Coping on Burnout with Resilience as a Mediator among Healthcare Workers at PKU Muhammadiyah X Hospital
Authors: Wijaya Dzikria Afifah Primala , Nopriyanto Rizal , Maulana Muhammad Rafly , Qonita Qonita
Published: October 2024

Burnout is a condition marked by diminished personal performance resulting from prolonged stress. While common, it can be alleviated through strategies such as religious coping and resilience. This study aimed to investigate the impact of religious coping on burnout, with resilience explored as a potential mediator, among healthcare workers at PKU Muhammadiyah X Hospital. The research included 106 participants, comprising nurses, pharmacist assistants, pharmacists, midwives, and other healthcare professionals. Measurement tools used in the study were the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Religious Coping Scale (RCOPE), and the Resilience Scale. Mediation analysis conducted using JAMOVI revealed that resilience did not mediate the relationship between religious coping and burnout. However, religious coping was found to have a direct effect on reducing burnout, accounting for 83.4% of the influence.
Patronymic vs. Matronymic: Honoring Traditions or Following Contemporary Trends?
Authors:   Senior Research Scientist of the Department of Procedure Law of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Borisova Lilia V.
Published: October 2024

The article draws attention to the importance of preserving and protecting traditional spiritual and moral values in modern Russia, one of which, according to the author, must include the traditional Russian name, which includes not only the surname and first name, but also the patronymic, which performs a nationally identifying function (sign of Russianness). It is emphasized that the cases in Russia today of assigning a match to a child instead of a patronymic as isolated ones do not have any special consequences, however, if they occur on a large scale, they can trigger a negative process of undermining and destroying established traditional family values and moving away from Orthodox traditions passed on from generation to generation.
Corporate Housing for District Police Officers from the Municipal Housing Fund: Legal Regulation Problems
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil and Legal Disciplines of the Saint Petersburg Law Institute (Branch) of the University of Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation, PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Nikiforova Nina N.
Published: October 2024

In this article the author examines the problem of eviction of district police officers, who have ceased service from official residential premises provided to them from the municipal housing stock.
Configurações históricas e atuais da profissão docente: o que se aprende quando se ensina?
Authors: Cândido Renata Marcílio , Silva Juliana de Souza
Published: October 2024

O que se aprende quando se ensina? A resposta quase automática é “o conteúdo autorizado ao professor ensinar”. Tal resposta merece nossa reflexão. Realmente, quando pensamos na organização doscursos para formação de futuros professores no Brasil, o curso de Pedagogia e as Licenciaturas, em muitos casos, as formações se limitam aos conteúdos e às metodologias associadas a estes. Entretanto, sabe-seque tal fórmula não abarca a complexidade da relação pedagógica. É preciso questionar sobre como os professores em exercício e em formação mobilizam seus saberes para constituírem suas práticas. Para tratar da questão o texto articula duas linhas: a primeira que faz uma rápida incursão pela história das instituições de formação de professores e a segunda que pretende, a partir dos depoimentos de professores de diferentes áreas, refletir sobre os modos como a docência na universidade é vivida por aqueles que têm como uma de suas obrigações desenvolvê-la.
Ecological and geochemical assessment of soils in residential areas of Eastern Transbaikalia
Authors: Abramov Bair N. , Tsyrenov Timur G. , Mikheeva Natalia Yu. , Filenko Roman A. , Usmanov Marat T.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. Environmental pollution by mining wastes is one of the most urgent environmental problems. Aim. To determine the degree of soil pollution in the residential areas of Eastern Transbaikalia. Objects. Total soil pollution according to the Saet formula (Zc) was studied in 30 settlements of Eastern Transbaikalia, including 14 settlements related to mining. Methods. In order to determine the degree of soil contamination, the settlements were grouped: settlements at gold ore, molybdenum lead-zinc and rare-metal deposits, as well as settlements not related to mining. The factual material was obtained during the research under the basic projects of the Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences from 2000 to 2022. In addition, published data and materials of the territorial geological funds (Chita) were used. The X-ray fluorescence method was used to determine the concentrations of chemical elements in analytical laboratories of the Geological Institute of SB RAS (Ulan-Ude), ISP-MS of ZAO "SGS Vostok Limited" (Chita). Results. Among the considered groups of settlements the following indicators of total soil contamination degree (Zc) were established: mining settlements of lead-zinc deposits – 68.87; gold deposits – 30.67; molybdenum deposits – 32.25; rare-metal deposits – 0.03; settlements not related to mining activity – 0.32. According to the total degree of soil contamination Zс, the settlements of lead-zinc deposits correspond to extremely hazardous, molybdenum deposits – hazardous; gold deposits – moderately hazardous; the settlements of rare-metal deposits and the ones not related to mining activities – low levels of pollution.
Possibility of processing phosphogypsum to obtain an alkalizing reagent
Authors: Monastyrsky Daniil I. , Kulikova Marina A. , Shabelskaya Nina P. , Ulyanova Vera A. , Egorova Marina A.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. The need to develop a technology for the disposal of solid and liquid industrial waste to obtain organic-inorganic fertilizer. The growth of industrial production is accompanied by an increase in waste. In modern society, considerable attention is paid to the problem of processing man-made waste to obtain demanded products. Phosphogypsum is the main by-product of the production of fertilizers and phosphoric acid, it is a multi-tonnage waste, its storage leads to the withdrawal of vast territories from circulation. Liquid waste from pig farms also needs to be processed into organic fertilizers. Aim. To study the process of heat treatment of phosphogypsum in the presence of a reducing agent to obtain an alkalizing reagent. This will make it possible to further organize processing liquid and solid agricultural and industrial waste and produce domestic organic fertilizers Methods. Heat treatment of phosphogypsum in the presence of a reducing agent, followed by the preparation of an aqueous suspension to obtain an agent that reduces the acidity of livestock effluents. The samples of heat-treated phosphogypsum obtained during the study were characterized by X-ray phase analysis, electron microscopy. Suspensions with different pH values were obtained on their basis. Results and conclusions. The authors have studied heat treatment of large-tonnage inorganic waste of the chemical industry – phosphogypsum. It was found that the suspension of phosphogypsum heat-treated in the presence of a reducing agent has increased values of the hydrogen index, which can be used to obtain an alkalizing reagent for treating agricultural waste. The authors revealed the optimal technological modes of obtaining a reagent having the maximum pH value of the suspension: the amount of the introduced reducing agent is 0.16 mol/mol CaSO4, the heat treatment temperature is 1000 °C.
Propuesta de mejoras para la implementación del monitoreo de residuos sólidos mediante el PRONAMEC en las Áreas Marinas Protegidas de Costa Rica
Authors: Fallas-Flores Sofía , Abarca-Guerrero Lilliana , Ulate-Naranjo Karol
Published: October 2024

Los residuos marinos son uno de los mayores retos ambientales a los que se enfrenta actualmente la humanidad. Costa Rica no es la excepción al problema de contaminación marina ya que gran cantidad de riqueza natural marino costera se está viendo afectada. Las Áreas Marinas Protegidas (AMPs) en Costa Rica resguardan una gran variedad de ecosistemas. Desde su creación, se han hecho esfuerzos para la protección de estas áreas y se ha encontrado la necesidad de implementar un plan de monitoreo para evaluar los cambios que se producen en cuanto a su biodiversidad. El Programa Nacional de Monitoreo Ecológico (PRONAMEC) en el Protocolo para Playas Arenosas tiene un indicador de residuos sólidos, no obstante, la información recopilada mediante la aplicación de este aún no se ha reportado de manera oficial, siendo solamente 3 AMPs las que lo han aplicado (Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Playa Hermosa-Punta Mala, Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas y la Reserva Biológica Isla del Caño). El propósito del estudio fue identificar las acciones necesarias para la implementación del monitoreo de residuos sólidos, mediante el PRONAMEC, en las AMPs del país, en conjunto con lo establecido en el Plan Nacional de Residuos Marinos de Costa Rica (PNRM) 2021-2030, así como proponer mejoras para la aplicación de este, tomando en cuenta las barreras que existen. Se aplicó una encuesta a 15 encargados de AMPs para conocer la situación del monitoreo de residuos. Se tomaron muestras de residuos en algunas AMPs para determinar la facilidad de implementación del protocolo, y se solicitaron registros del indicador de residuos marinos de algunas AMPs que lo han aplicado, para analizarlos y reportarlos junto a los obtenidos en la presente investigación robusteciendo el sistema para la toma de decisiones nacionales.
Contenido de metales pesados en sedimentos de varios ríos de Costa Rica
Authors: Calvo-Brenes Guillermo , Quirós-Bustos Noemi , Robles-Chaves Diana , Caballero-Chavarría Andrey
Published: October 2024

Costa Rica posee una abundancia de recursos hídricos, sin embargo, enfrenta un alto nivel de contaminación. Los metales pesados (MPs) destacan debido a sus efectos perjudiciales en la salud de personas, animales y plantas, así como por su falta de biodegradabilidad y su propensión a acumularse en los organismos. Esta contaminación proviene tanto de descargas directas de aguas residuales domésticas e industriales en los ríos, como de la contaminación difusa originada en actividades agrícolas y la contaminación atmosférica. Un estudio reciente realizado en los ríos de Costa Rica reveló la presencia de MPs, tales como plomo, cromo, cobre, arsénico, níquel y mercurio. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la concentración de estos metales en los sedimentos de los ríos. Se muestrearon 26 sitios distribuidos en diversas zonas del país, abarcando el período comprendido entre 2017 y 2019. Los niveles de toxicidad para el cadmio fueron clasificados como no probable, al igual que la mayoría de los lugares muestreados para arsénico, plomo, cromo y mercurio. En cuanto al cobre y níquel, se observaron niveles que oscilaron entre toxicidad no probable e indefinida. Sin embargo, algunos datos relacionados con níquel, cobre y cromo se ubicaron en la zona de toxicidad probable.
Celulosa bacteriana: el biopolímero de la naturaleza
Authors: Alvarado-Rojas Milena , Castro-Brenes Josué , Orias-Obando Fabian
Published: October 2024

La celulosa bacteriana (CB) es un biopolímero de relevancia en investigación e industria, producido por bacterias, como Acetobacter y Komagataeibacter.. La CB comparte composición molecular similar a la celulosa vegetal (C6H10O5), compuesta por dos subunidades (I y II) y un grado de polimerización de 2000 a 6000 unidades, basado en enlaces glucosídicos β-1,4 que forman una estructura tridimensional reticular y cristalina. Es un compuesto naturalmente biocompatible, no tóxico y versátil, con propiedades de biodegradabilidad y sostenibilidad debido a sus componentes de polisacáridos y grupos proteicos. Además, debido a su maleabilidad permiten interacciones beneficiosas con tejidos en recuperación y posee una mayor retención de agua a través de su estructura porosa. La CB se aplica en diversas industrias, incluyendo salud (sustitutos de piel, tejidos periodontales, procedimientos quirúrgicos), alimentos (aditivos, emulsionantes, fibras dietéticas, matrices poliméricas para empaques), textil (bolsos, carteras, collares, zapatos) y electrónica (diafragmas acústicos de alta fidelidad, conductividad eléctrica y dispositivos de luz). La CB presenta un gran potencial para su mayor uso a futuro, considerando los medios para su producción a gran escala, tales como el método estático, empleado a nivel de laboratorio, y el método agitado con una mayor transferencia de oxígeno.
Literature study of Zn supplementation in feed for optimizing Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus growth
Authors: Muhammad Agus Suprayudi  , Inarto Hendri , Ekasari Julie
Published: October 2024

Micro minerals play a crucial role in the physiological processes of fish, acting as enzyme cofactors and stabilizing enzyme and protein structures. One of the essential micro minerals needed in the body is zinc (Zn). Zinc is utilized for various physiological processes, including the maintenance of enzymatic processes within the fish's body. The aim of this literature review is to analyze the optimal level of zinc supplementation in feed to enhance the growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), based on the reported findings of conducted research. The literature sources were obtained from accredited national journals, international journals, research outcomes, theses, and dissertations over the past 20 years. The results of this literature review indicate that zinc supplementation in feed can have a positive impact on overall fish growth by increasing digestive enzyme activity, particularly protease enzymes. The level of zinc supplementation in fish is influenced by several factors including, fish size, feed consumption quantity, and duration of maintenance. The optimal dietary zinc intake for Nile tilapia growth is reported to be in the range of 20–50 mg/kg.
 
Keywords: growth, literature study, Nile tilapia, zinc
 
ABSTRAK
 
Mikro mineral memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam fisiologi tubuh ikan yang berfungsi sebagai kofaktor enzim dan menjadi penstabil struktur enzim maupun protein. Salah satu mikro mineral yang memiliki fungsi penting dan diperlukan dalam tubuh adalah unsur seng (Zn). Unsur Zn digunakan untuk proses fisiologis termasuk pemeliharaan proses enzimatik dalam tubuh ikan. Tujuan studi pustaka ini adalah menganalisis tingkat suplementasi Zn yang optimum dalam pakan untuk meningkatkan performa pertumbuhan ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus berdasarkan laporan hasil-hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan. Sumber pustaka didapatkan dari jurnal nasional terakreditasi, jurnal internasional, hasil penelitian, tesis, dan disertasi pada kurun waktu 20 tahun terakhir. Hasil studi pustaka ini menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi Zn dalam pakan dapat memberikan pengaruh positif pada pertumbuhan ikan secara umum melalui peningkatan aktivitas enzim pencernaan terutama enzim protease. Tingkat suplementasi Zn pada ikan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya, ukuran ikan, jumlah konsumsi pakan, dan lama pemeliharaan. Nilai asupan Zn yang memberikan pertumbuhan optimum pada ikan nila adalah sebesar 20–50 mg/kg.
 
Kata kunci: ikan nila, pertumbuhan, seng, studi pustaka
The Potential of Participatory Video Action Research in WASH Programming
Authors: Mercer Elaine
Published: October 2024

Sanitation and hygiene issues often deal with uncomfortable, hidden and sometimes taboo areas of life, which people don’t want to talk about publicly, let alone look at. It can be profoundly powerful to get people to face unpleasant challenges if done in a way that is respectful. This is where the creativity encouraged by visual methods, such as participatory video, can be very useful. Participatory video is a powerful group-work method for people whose needs and priorities are often overlooked. Through the process, barriers faced by the group can be explored, helping gain a deeper understanding of how certain people experience, understand and respond to their realities. This paper outlines key elements within a participatory video process and how this process can be valuable to the sanitation and hygiene research and programming.
Note sur les plantations de conversion dans les forêts tropicales humides
Authors: Groulez J.
Published: October 2024

On constate que les conditions d'intervention des aménageurs et des forestiers pour la régénération des forêts tropicales dégradées les amènent à envisager la généralisation des plantations de conversion.Des exemples sont donnés de ces conversions, réalisées principalement en Afrique (26 000 hectares d'Aucoumea klaineana au Gabon, 6 000 ha de Terminalia superba au Congo, 16 000 ha d'essences diverses en Côte d'Ivoire, par exemple), mais aussi en Amérique latine (50 000 ha de Gmelina arborea en Amazonie brésilienne) et en Asie et Australasie, tant pour le maintien de la production de bois de qualité que pour la production de quantités de matière première.Les avantages et les mérites de ces plantations sont examinés, notamment la possibilité de concentrer une productivité optimale dans une localité sélectionnée sur la base de jeunes arbres choisis, le cas échéant, parmi des espèces à croissance rapide qui peuvent être travaillées dans un cycle relativement court et selon un plan simplifié. D'autre part, les difficultés, inconvénients et limites généralement reconnus de ces plantations sont passés en revue ; ils concernent principalement les problèmes posés par l'élimination de la forêt préexistante, la chute des branches mortes, la mort des arbres sur pied, les risques phytosanitaires, le maintien du potentiel fertile du sol, les coûts et la rentabilité, le manque de stabilité du financement. Ces problèmes dépendent souvent de facteurs politiques.Après avoir ainsi analysé la situation, on peut penser qu'à condition qu'un certain nombre de recherches soient effectuées et que les gouvernements concernés, aidés si nécessaire par la coopération internationale, adoptent certaines attitudes et mesures, les plantations de conversion ont de grandes possibilités d'avenir et sont peut-être le seul moyen de concilier à moyen terme la satisfaction rapide de demandes sans cesse croissantes par le renouvellement et la création d'un patrimoine forestier avec la conservation des écosystèmes naturels et de la flore, par le confinement des opérations de conversion dans des zones prescrites.
Classification des terrains pour l'exploitation forestière tropicale. Application au cas du Gabon
Authors: Mazier D. , Baumgartner L. , Lepître C.
Published: October 2024

Dans le cadre d'un inventaire réalisé par le CTFT pour la FAO au Gabon, il est apparu indispensable d'élaborer une méthode de classification des terrains applicable à l'exploitation forestière tropicale. Les systèmes de classification utilisés dans les pays nordiques ne sont pas adaptés aux conditions tropicales.La méthode devait tenir compte des difficultés de l'extraction du bois, mais aussi de la construction des routes. Cet article traite de l'élaboration d'un système de classification tenant compte des pentes du sol telles qu'elles ont été observées lors d'un inventaire et telles qu'elles ont été observées par photographie aérienne.Les deux facteurs les plus importants retenus pour la classification sont le morcellement du relief et les pentes, en particulier ces dernières.D'autres facteurs sont examinés, dans la mesure où il est possible d'en tenir compte par rapport à l'inventaire réalisé.
Fiches botaniques, forestières, industrielles et commerciales : Movingui
Authors: Rédacteur de la revue Bois et Forêts des Tropiques
Published: October 2024

Pas de résumé
Aby Warburg y los estudios de Recepción de la Antigüedad en España
Authors: Martín-Esperanza Paloma
Published: October 2024

En las últimas décadas se ha consolidado en España una disciplina que, en el marco de los estudios histórico-artísticos, ha recibido el nombre de Recepción de la Antigüedad clásica (Antikenrezeption). Su origen debe rastrearse en la escuela alemana y, en concreto, en el pensamiento de Aby Warburg (1866-1929) y de sus discípulos, quienes acuñaron y perfeccionaron la metodología propuesta por su maestro para el estudio de las pervivencias de la Antigüedad en las diferentes épocas históricas (das Nachleben der Antike). La llegada tardía de las propuestas warburgianas a España no ha impedido, sin embargo, el desarrollo de una línea de investigación que, surgida principalmente como evolución de la historiografía de la Historia Antigua y de la arqueología, ha entroncado en los últimos años con la teoría de la recepción alemana y con el enfoque metodológico de Warburg, resultando una discusión interdisciplinar que debe encuadrarse dentro de la investigación en historia cultural. Este trabajo estudia la influencia del pensamiento de Warburg y del Warburg-Kreis en el mundo académico español y su relación con el desarrollo y la consolidación de los estudios de Recepción de la Antigüedad clásica.
La cultura política comunista
Authors: Rosano Alloza Mario , Pérez Serrano Julio
Published: October 2024

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar críticamente el impacto que ha tenido la introducción de los estudios sobre la cultura política en la producción científica referida a la historia del comunismo, lo que ha permitido cuestionar los estereotipos dominantes durante la Guerra Fría. Las aportaciones realizadas en los campos de la historia y las ciencias sociales, pese a su diversidad de enfoques y metodologías, han permitido desechar la imagen del movimiento comunista como una entidad invariable, monolítica y esencialmente distópica, que habría sido condenada por la dinámica natural de la realidad histórica. Al mismo tiempo, se señalarán también las limitaciones que, a juicio de los autores, manifiestan muchas de estas propuestas renovadoras y se propondrán claves interpretativas que podrían favorecer el desarrollo de los estudios sobre el comunismo como ámbito de diálogo interdisciplinar.
Estudio de la caminería de Galicia
Authors: Argüelles Álvarez Patricia Ana , Villanueva Acuña Manuel
Published: October 2024

El presente estudio propone un análisis del estado de la cuestión sobre la investigación de la red viaria romana en Galicia. La comprensión de las fuentes clásicas junto a los trabajos publicados desde finales del s. XIX, nos permitirán disponer de una visión global de cómo ha sido la evolución de esta rama de investigación a nivel hispano. Nos interesa en particular, la Gallaecia romana, y más en concreto, la Galicia actual. Se dedicará especial interés a los procesos metodológicos y tendencias historiográficas en la investigación del caso viario.
Instrumentos de difusión científica de la arqueología alicantina entre finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX (1886-1910)
Authors: Olcina Lagos Santiago
Published: October 2024

El desarrollo de la disciplina arqueológica durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX desembocó, entre otras muchas cuestiones, en la creación de las primeras revistas de difusión científica, como la Revista de Archivos, Bibliotecas y Museos del Cuerpo Facultativo de Archiveros, Bibliotecarios y Arqueólogos, el Museo Español de Antigüedades del Museo Arqueológico Nacional o el Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia. Su ejemplo sirvió para que otras instituciones y particulares editasen publicaciones periódicas con temática arqueológica con el objetivo de dar a conocer sus trabajos de investigación y otras noticias afines de gestión del patrimonio. En el presente artículo, analizamos desde un punto de vista historiográfico tres revistas fundadas en la provincia de Alicante entre 1886 y 1910: El Archivo de Roque Chabás Llorens, El Ibero de Francisco Figueras Pacheco y Museo-Exposición de Miguel Elizaicin España.
Dientes supernumerarios tipo mesiodens evaluados a través de radiografías panorámicas digitales en un centro radiológico privado en Manizales, Colombia
Authors: Pérez Gómez Juan Sebastián , Orejuela Ramirez Francisco José , Quezada Márquez Milushka Miroslava
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Evaluar los dientes supernumerarios tipo mesiodens en radiografías panorámicas digitales tomadas entre los años 2019-2020 en un centro radiológico privado de Manizales, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, transversal y observacional. La población estuvo constituida por 1000 radiografías panorámicas del centro radiológico en la ciudad Manizales, Colombia, entre los años 2019-2020. Se accedió a la base de datos virtual. Las variables evaluadas fueron edad, sexo, presencia o ausencia de mesiodens, número de dientes con anomalía, forma del diente, posición, localización y evolución. Se realizó un análisis estadístico según frecuencia y porcentajes. Resultados: La frecuencia de diente supernumerario (DS) mesiodens fue de 3,8 % (n = 40) con una predilección por el sexo masculino. Predominó la presencia de 1 mesiodens (n = 38) y el mayor número de casos se encontró en grupos de 6 a 11 (n = 13) y 12 a 17 (n = 21) años, según el tipo rudimentario y la evolución intraósea. Conclusión: Los DS tipo mesiodens son una condición que no es muy frecuente encontrarla en la población estudiada; sin embargo, este estudio permitió realizar una caracterización para Colombia, en donde no se posee mucha evidencia científica al respecto, y contrastarlo con otros estudios realizados a nivel nacional e internacional.
Manejo farmacológico del dolor ortodóntico
Authors: Lopez Pablo , Franco César , Meneses Abraham
Published: October 2024

El dolor en tratamientos de ortodoncia, frecuente y desafiante, ocurre especialmente después de procedimientos como la colocación de elásticos separadores interproximales y la instalación de arcos. Esta situación provoca inflamación del periodonto, causando dolor y malestar. Para garantizar una experiencia confortable al paciente durante la ortodoncia, el manejo farmacológico del dolor es crucial. Los antiinflamatorios no esteroides (AINE) y el paracetamol son los más empleados por su eficacia y seguridad. Estos fármacos disminuyen la inflamación y el dolor, facilitando la tolerancia a los procedimientos ortodónticos. La elección del analgésico debe considerar la intensidad del dolor, las condiciones médicas preexistentes y las posibles interacciones medicamentosas. Su uso cuidadoso y supervisado es vital para minimizar riesgos y maximizar la comodidad del paciente durante el tratamiento de ortodoncia.