bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Multi-Component Interventions Through Schools to Increase Physical Activity
Authors: Russ Laura B. , Webster Collin A. , Beets Michael W. , Phillips David S.
Published: January 2015

Background:

A “whole-of-school” approach is nationally endorsed to increase youth physical activity (PA). Aligned with this approach, comprehensive school physical activity programs (CSPAP) are recommended. Distinct components of a CSPAP include physical education (PE), PA during the school day (PADS), PA before/after school (PABAS), staff wellness (SW), and family/community engagement (FCE). The effectiveness of interventions incorporating multiple CSPAP components is unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted examining the effectiveness of multicomponent interventions on youth total daily PA.

Methods:

Electronic databases were searched for published studies that (1) occurred in the US; (2) targeted K–12 (5–18 years old); (3) were interventions; (4) reflected ≥ 2 CSPAP components, with at least 1 targeting school-based PA during school hours; and (5) reported outcomes as daily PA improvements. Standardized mean effects (Hedge’s g) from pooled random effects inverse-variance models were estimated.

Results:

Across 14 studies, 12 included PE, 5 PADS, 1 PABAS, 2 SW, and 14 FCE. No studies included all 5 CSPAP components. Overall, intervention impact was small (0.11, 95% CI 0.03–0.19).

Conclusions:

As designed, there is limited evidence of the effectiveness of multicomponent interventions to increase youth total daily PA. Increased alignment with CSPAP recommendations may improve intervention effectiveness.
Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Depressive Symptoms Among Latinos: Does Use of Community Resources for Physical Activity Matter?
Authors: Perez Lilian G. , Arredondo Elva M. , McKenzie Thomas L. , Holguin Margarita , Elder John P. , Ayala Guadalupe X.
Published: January 2015

Background:

Greater neighborhood social cohesion is linked to fewer depressive symptoms and greater physical activity, but the role of physical activity on the relationship between neighborhood social cohesion and depression is poorly understood. The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of physical activity on the association between neighborhood social cohesion and depressive symptoms.

Methods:

Multivariate logistic regression tested the moderation of self-reported leisure-time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (LTMVPA) and active use of parks or recreational facilities on the association between neighborhood social cohesion and depressive symptoms among 295 randomly selected Latino adults who completed a face-to-face interview.

Results:

After adjusting for age, gender, and income, neighborhood social cohesion and depressive symptoms were inversely related (OR = 0.8; 95% CI: 0.5–1.2). Active use of parks or recreational facilities moderated the association between neighborhood social cohesion and depressive symptoms but meeting the recommendations for LTMVPA did not. Latinos who reported active use of parks or recreational facilities and higher levels of neighborhood social cohesion had fewer depressive symptoms than peers who did not use these spaces.

Conclusions:

Future studies are needed to test strategies for promoting active use of parks or recreational facilities to address depression in Latinos.
The Effect of the Social and Physical Environment on Children’s Independent Mobility to Neighborhood Destinations
Authors: Christian Hayley E. , Klinker Charlotte D. , Villanueva Karen , Knuiman Matthew W. , Foster Sarah A. , Zubrick Stephan R. , Divitini Mark , Wood Lisa , Giles-Corti Billie
Published: January 2015

Background:

Relationships between context-specific measures of the physical and social environment and children’s independent mobility to neighborhood destination types were examined.

Methods:

Parents in RESIDE’s fourth survey reported whether their child (8–15 years; n = 181) was allowed to travel without an adult to school, friend’s house, park and local shop. Objective physical environment measures were matched to each of these destinations. Social environment measures included neighborhood perceptions and items specific to local independent mobility.

Results:

Independent mobility to local destinations ranged from 30% to 48%. Independent mobility to a local park was less likely as the distance to the closest park (small and large size) increased and less likely with additional school grounds (P < .05). Independent mobility to school was less likely as the distance to the closest large park increased and if the neighborhood was perceived as unsafe (P < .05). Independent mobility to a park or shops decreased if parenting social norms were unsupportive of children’s local independent movement (P < .05).

Conclusions:

Independent mobility appears dependent upon the specific destination being visited and the impact of neighborhood features varies according to the destination examined. Findings highlight the importance of access to different types and sizes of urban green space for children’s independent mobility to parks.
Changes in Physical Activity Domains During the Transition Out of High School: Psychosocial and Environmental Correlates
Authors: Molina-García Javier , Queralt Ana , Castillo Isabel , Sallis James F.
Published: January 2015

Background:

This study examined changes in multiple physical activity domains during the transition out of high school and psychosocial and environmental determinants of these changes.

Methods:

A 1-year prospective study was designed. The baseline sample was composed of 244 last-year high school students (58.6% female) from Valencia, Spain. Follow-up rate was 46%. Physical activity and potential determinants were measured by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and other evaluated scales in 2 waves.

Results:

Total physical activity and active commuting (AC) decreased, respectively, by 21% and 36%, only in males. At time 1, access to car/motorbike (inverse), planning/psychosocial barriers (inverse), street connectivity (positive) and parental education (inverse) were significantly associated with AC (P < .05). Prospectively, the increase in distance to school/workplace was associated with AC decrease among males (P < .001). In both genders, there was a decrease in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA; –35% in males, –43% in females). At time 1, self-efficacy and social support were positive correlates of LTPA (P < .05). Social support decreases were associated with reductions in LTPA for males (P < .05).

Conclusions:

Several psychosocial and environmental correlates of physical activity change were identified, and these are promising targets for interventions.
Expansion microscopy
Authors: Chen Fei , Tillberg Paul W. , Boyden Edward S.
Published: January 2015

Overcoming the limits of the microscope

The resolution of a light microscope is limited. Physicists have long since worked out what these limits are and which parameters determine the spatial resolution. Many groups have nevertheless made numerous attempts to overcome these resolution limits. Rather than improving the power and quality of the microscope, Chen
et al.
instead expanded the biological specimens under study (see the Perspective by Dodt). They introduced a polymer gel into fixed cells and tissues and chemically induced swelling of the polymer by almost two orders of magnitude. They could then produce much higher-resolution images of their samples, which included the mouse hippocampus.

Science
, this issue p.
543
; see also p.
474
Draft Genome Sequences of Four Closely Linked Vibrio vulnificus Isolates from the Biotype 1 Environmental Genotype
Authors: Phillips Kelsey E. , Schipma Matthew J. , Satchell Karla J. F.
Published: January 2015

Biotype 1 of
Vibrio vulnificus
, which causes severe invasive intestinal and wound infections, is split into two genotypes with all previously sequenced clinical isolates from the C genotypes. We report here the whole-genome sequencing of two clinical isolates and two closely linked oyster isolates from the E genotype for comparative studies.
Draft Genome Sequence of Novosphingobium sp. Strain MBES04, Isolated from Sunken Wood from Suruga Bay, Japan
Authors: Ohta Yukari , Nishi Shinro , Kobayashi Kiwa , Tsubouchi Taishi , Iida Kagami , Tanizaki Akiko , Kurosawa Kanako , Adachi Akiko , Nishihara Mizue , Sato Reona , Hasegawa Ryoichi , Hatada Yuji
Published: January 2015

This report describes the draft genome sequence of Novosphingobium sp. strain MBES04, isolated from sunken wood from Suruga Bay, Japan, which is capable of degrading a wide range of lignin-related aromatic monomers. The draft genome sequence contains 5,361,448 bp, with a G+C content of 65.4%.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Strain of
Lymantria dispar
Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus Found in the Gypsy Moth Biopesticide Virin-ENSh
Authors: Harrison Robert L. , Rowley Daniel L.
Published: January 2015

We report the genome sequence of an alphabaculovirus from the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) biopesticide Virin-ENSh. The genome sequence is 161,712 bp, and its structure and sequence similarity indicate that the virus used in Virin-ENSh is a strain of the species
Lymantria dispar
multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus.
Draft Genome Sequence of Halomonas hydrothermalis MTCC 5445, Isolated from the West Coast of India
Authors: Bharadwaj SV Vamsi , Shrivastav Anupama , Dubey Sonam , Ghosh Tonmoy , Paliwal Chetan , Maurya Rahulkumar , Mishra Sandhya
Published: January 2015

We announce here the draft genome sequence of
Halomonas hydrothermalis
MTCC 5445, a halophilic bacterium of the class Gammaproteobacteria. It was isolated from the sea coast of Aadri, Veraval, Gujarat, India. Its genome contains genes for polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a biodegradable polymer that can be used as a substitute for petroleum plastics.
Draft Genome Sequence of Uncultivated Desulfosporosinus sp. Strain Tol-M, Obtained by Stable Isotope Probing Using [
13
C
6
]Toluene
Authors: Abu Laban Nidal , Tan BoonFei , Dao Anh , Foght Julia
Published: January 2015

A draft Desulfosporosinus genome was assembled from the metagenome of a methanogenic [
13
C
6
]toluene-degrading community. The Desulfosporosinus sp. strain Tol-M genome is distinguished from that of previously published Desulfosporosinus strain by containing
bss
,
bbs
, and
bam
genes encoding enzymes for anaerobic biodegradation of monoaromatic hydrocarbons and lacking
dsrAB
genes for dissimilatory sulfate reduction.
Draft Genome Sequence of Vibrio owensii GRA50-12, Isolated from Green Algae in the Intertidal Zone of Eastern Taiwan
Authors: Lin Ling-Chun , Lin Guang-Huey , Tseng Yi-Hsiung , Yu Mei-Shiuan
Published: January 2015

Vibrio owensii
GRA50-12 was isolated from symbiotic green algae of coral. The genome contains genes encoding toxin production, virulence regulation, stress response proteins, types II, IV, and VI secretion systems, and proteins for the metabolism of aromatic compounds, which reflects its pathogenic potential and its ecological roles in the ocean.
Keratoconus in an adult with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Saffra Norman , Reinherz Benjamin
Published: January 2015

22q11.2 Deletion syndrome is one of the most common microdeletional syndromes, with an incidence of 1:4000 live-births, and potentially affects every organ in the body. More than 180 associated clinical features have been reported and not one phenotypic feature is present in 100% of cases. Ocular manifestations reported based on early childhood examinations include eyelid hooding, strabismus, posterior embryotoxon, retinal vessel tortuosity and refractive errors. Keratoconus has been reported once before in association with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in a young adult. We report the second case of keratoconus in association with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.
Uterine artery embolisation for acute dysfunctional uterine bleeding with failed medical therapy: a novel approach to management
Authors: Kho Chye Lee , Mathur Manisha
Published: January 2015

A 35-year-old woman with a history of three previous caesarean sections was admitted with acute dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) complicated by anaemia; she had a haemoglobin level of 5.3 g/dL, requiring multiple blood transfusions. Investigations performed excluded pelvic pathology and haematological causes for her acute DUB. Despite the use of various pharmacological agents, her bleeding persisted and she eventually underwent uterine artery embolisation (UAE) to arrest bleeding. She was well postprocedure and was discharged on combined oral contraceptives. However, she presented a year later with another episode of acute DUB that required a repeat UAE. This case report summarises the use of UAE in the management of acute DUB following failed medical therapy.
Angiosarcoma of common iliac vein
Authors: Ibis Kamuran , Usta Ufuk , Cosar Rusen , Ibis Cem
Published: January 2015

Angiosarcoma is a rare malignant tumour of endothelial cells. Primary angiosarcoma of venous origin is extremely rare, and has a very poor prognosis. A 63-year-old woman with retroperitoneal mass underwent en bloc resection on a part of iliac vein followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. No recurrence was detected during 3 years of follow-up.
Metronidazole-induced encephalopathy after prolonged metronidazole course for treatment ofC. difficilecolitis
Authors: Godfrey Mark S , Finn Arkadiy , Zainah Hadeel , Dapaah-Afriyie Kwame
Published: January 2015

A 65-year-old woman with a diagnosis ofClostridium difficilecolitis undergoing prolonged treatment with metronidazole was admitted to hospital for altered mentation, slurred speech and weakness. She was diagnosed with metronidazole-induced encephalopathy, confirmed with brain MRI and improved when the offending agent was removed. This case report highlights encephalopathy as a complication of prolonged metronidazole treatment, which has become more common in clinical practice for the treatment ofC. difficileinfection.
Plasma cell gingivitis with severe alveolar bone loss
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Tripathi Amitandra Kumar , Saimbi Charanjit Singh , Sinha Jolly
Published: January 2015

Plasma cell gingivitis is a rare benign condition of the gingiva characterised by sharply demarcated erythaematous and oedematous gingiva often extending up to the muco gingival junction. It is considered a hypersensitive reaction. It presents clinically as a diffuse, erythaematous and papillary lesion of the gingiva, which frequently bleeds, with minimal trauma. This paper presents a case of a 42-year-old man who was diagnosed with plasma cell gingivitis, based on the presence of plasma cells in histological sections, and severe alveolar bone loss at the affected site, which was managed by surgical intervention.
Cutaneous melioidosis in a healthy Danish man after travelling to South-East Asia
Authors: Bodilsen Jacob , Langgaard Henrik , Nielsen Hans Linde
Published: January 2015

A healthy Danish man presented with infected prepatellar bursitis 8 months after being involved in a car accident in Malaysia resulting in exposure of a laceration of his knee to stagnant water. Tissue samples grewBurkholderia pseudomalleiand diagnostic work up revealed no secondary foci. The patient was successfully treated with surgical debridement and 3 months of oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. At 6 months follow-up the patient was without relapse.
Renal cell carcinoma with proliferative lupus nephritis
Authors: Wong Koh-Wei
Published: January 2015

We report a case of renal cell carcinoma diagnosed after a patient was treated successfully with intravenous cyclophosphamide for her active proliferative lupus nephritis (classes III and V). After the intravenous cyclophosphamide regimen, the patient was asymptomatic with persistent microscopic haematuria, and no proteinuria. The renal cell carcinoma was located on the left kidney; incidentally, this was where the initial renal biopsy was done to diagnose lupus nephritis.
The impact of complaints procedures on the welfare, health and clinical practise of 7926 doctors in the UK: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Bourne Tom , Wynants Laure , Peters Mike , Van Audenhove Chantal , Timmerman Dirk , Van Calster Ben , Jalmbrant Maria
Published: January 2015

Objectives

The primary aim was to investigate the impact of complaints on doctors’ psychological welfare and health. The secondary aim was to assess whether doctors report exposure to a complaints process is associated with defensive medical practise.

Design

This was a cross-sectional anonymous survey study. Participants were stratified into recent/current, past, no complaints. Each group completed tailored versions of the survey.

Participants

95 636 doctors were invited to participate. A total of 10 930(11.4%) responded, 7926 (8.3%) completed the full survey and were included in the complete analysis.

Main outcome measures

Anxiety and depression were assessed using the standardised Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale and Physical Health Questionnaire. Defensive practise was evaluated using a new measure. Single-item questions measured stress-related illnesses, complaints-related experience, attitudes towards complaints and views on improving complaints processes.

Results

16.9% of doctors with current/recent complaints reported moderate/severe depression (relative risk (RR) 1.77 (95% CI 1.48 to 2.13) compared to doctors with no complaints (9.5%)). Fifteen per cent reported moderate/severe anxiety (RR=2.08 (95% CI 1.61 to 2.68) compared to doctors with no complaints (7.3%)). Distress increased with complaint severity, with highest levels after General Medical Council (GMC) referral (26.3% depression, 22.3% anxiety). Doctors with current/recent complaints were 2.08 (95% CI 1.61 to 2.68) times more likely to report thoughts of self-harm or suicidal ideation. Most doctors reported defensive practise: 82–89% hedging and 46–50% avoidance. Twenty per cent felt victimised after whistleblowing, 38% felt bullied, 27% spent over 1 month off work. Over 80% felt processes would improve with transparency, managerial competence, capacity to claim lost earnings and action against vexatious complainants.

Conclusions

Doctors with recent/current complaints have significant risks of moderate/severe depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation. Morbidity was greatest in cases involving the GMC. Most doctors reported practising defensively, including avoidance of procedures and high-risk patients. Many felt victimised as whistleblowers or reported bullying. Suggestions to improve complaints processes included transparency and managerial competence.
Immersion during egg swelling results in rapid uptake of stable isotope markers in salmonid otoliths
Authors: Warren-Myers Fletcher , Dempster Tim , Fjelldal Per Gunnar , Hansen Tom , Swearer Stephen E.
Published: January 2015

Determining the value of restocking wild fisheries with hatchery-reared fish requires the ability to identify and quantify the survival of hatchery fish after release. However, to obtain accurate estimates of survival rates, multiple fish identification techniques are often used, making the monitoring of restocking inefficient and costly. Here we test a new immersion marking method to determine its efficiency and cost effectiveness for marking millions of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Salmon eggs were marked during the egg swelling stage by immersing eggs in a solution containing seven enriched stable isotopes (134Ba, 135Ba, 136Ba, 137Ba, 86Sr, 87Sr, and 26Mg) for 2 h immediately after fertilisation. One hundred percent successful marks were detected in the otoliths of resulting larvae at a concentration of 1000 μg·L−1 for 136Ba and 100 μg·L−1 for 135Ba and 137Ba, with no detrimental effects on survival or health of egg and yolk sac larvae. We estimate that seven unique mark combinations can be made at a cost of $0.0001 to $0.0017 (US) per egg and conclude that marking via egg immersion is suitable for low cost, accurate marking of hatchery-reared salmonids destined for restocking purposes.
Minimum Makespan Multi-Vehicle Dial-a-Ride
Authors: Gørtz Inge Li , Nagarajan Viswanath , Ravi R.
Published: January 2015

Dial-a-Ride problems consist of a set
V
of
n
vertices in a metric space (denoting travel time between vertices) and a set of
m
objects represented as source-destination pairs {(

s
i
,t
i

)}

m

i
=1

, where each object requires to be moved from its source to destination vertex. In the
multi-vehicle Dial-a-Ride
problem, there are
q
vehicles, each having capacity
k
and where each vehicle
j
∈ [
q
] has its own depot-vertex

r
j
∈ V

. A feasible schedule consists of a capacitated route for each vehicle (where vehicle
j
originates and ends at its depot

r
j

) that together move all objects from their sources to destinations. The objective is to find a feasible schedule that minimizes the maximum completion time (i.e.,
makespan
) of vehicles, where the completion time of vehicle
j
is the time when it returns to its depot

r
j

at the end of its route. We study the
preemptive
version of multi-vehicle Dial-a-Ride, in which an object may be left at intermediate vertices and transported by more than one vehicle, while being moved from source to destination. Our main results are an
O
(log
3
n
)-approximation algorithm for
preemptive multi-vehicle Dial-a-Ride
, and an improved
O
(log
t
)-approximation for its special case when there is no capacity constraint (here
t
≤
n
is the number of distinct depot-vertices). There is an Ω (log
1/4-ϵ
n
) hardness of approximation known even for single vehicle capacitated Dial-a-Ride [Gørtz 2006]. For uncapacitated multi-vehicle Dial-a-Ride, we show that there are instances when natural lower bounds (used in our algorithm) are ˜Ω(log
t
) factor away from the optimum.

We also consider the special class of metrics induced by graphs excluding any fixed minor (e.g., planar metrics). In this case, we obtain improved guarantees of
O
(log
2
n
) for capacitated multi-vehicle Dial-a-Ride, and
O
(1) for the uncapacitated problem.
Faster Fully Compressed Pattern Matching by Recompression
Authors: Jeż Artur
Published: January 2015

In this article, a fully compressed pattern matching problem is studied. The compression is represented by straight-line programs (SLPs)—that is, context-free grammars generating exactly one string; the term
fully
means that both the pattern
and
the text are given in the compressed form. The problem is approached using a recently developed technique of local recompression: the SLPs are refactored so that substrings of the pattern and text are encoded in both SLPs in the same way. To this end, the SLPs are locally decompressed and then recompressed in a uniform way.

This technique yields an
O
((
n
+
m
) log
M
) algorithm for compressed pattern matching, assuming that
M
fits in
O
(1) machine words, where
n
(
m
) is the size of the compressed representation of the text (pattern, respectively), and
M
is the size of the decompressed pattern. If only
m
+
n
fits in
O
(1) machine words, the running time increases to
O
((
n
+
m
) log
M
log (
n
+
m
)). The previous best algorithm due to Lifshits has
O
(

n
2
m

) running time.
Distributed Data-Centric Adaptive Sampling for Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Lee Eun Kyung , Viswanathan Hariharasudhan , Pompili Dario
Published: January 2015

A data-centric joint adaptive sampling and sleep scheduling solution, SILENCE, for autonomic sensor-based systems that monitor and reconstruct physical or environmental phenomena is proposed. Adaptive sampling and sleep scheduling can help realize the much needed resource efficiency by minimizing the communication and processing overhead in densely deployed autonomic sensor-based systems. The proposed solution exploits the spatiotemporal correlation in sensed data and eliminates redundancy in transmitted data through selective representation without compromising on accuracy of reconstruction of the monitored phenomenon at a remote monitor node. Differently from existing adaptive sampling solutions, SILENCE employs temporal causality analysis to not only track the variation in the underlying phenomenon but also its cause and direction of propagation in the field. The causality analysis and the same correlations are then leveraged for adaptive sleep scheduling aimed at saving energy in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). SILENCE outperforms traditional adaptive sampling solutions as well as the recently proposed compressive sampling techniques. Real experiments were performed on a WSN testbed monitoring temperature and humidity distribution in a rack of servers, and the simulations were performed on TOSSIM, the TinyOS simulator.
Maximizing the Minimum Load for Random Processing Times
Authors: Gerke Stefanie , Panagiotou Konstantinos , Schwartz Justus , Steger Angelika
Published: January 2015

In this article, we consider a stochastic variant of the so-called
Santa Claus
problem. The Santa Claus problem is equivalent to the problem of scheduling a set of
n
jobs on
m
parallel machines without preemption, so as to
maximize
the
minimum
load. We consider the identical machine version of this scheduling problem with the additional restriction that the scheduler has only a
guess
of the processing times; that is, the processing time of a job is a
random variable
. We show that there is a critical value ρ (
n,m
) such that if the duration of the jobs is exponentially distributed and the expected values deviate by less than a multiplicative factor of ρ (
n,m
) from each other, then a greedy algorithm has an expected competitive ratio arbitrarily close to one; that is, it performs in expectation almost as good as an algorithm that knows the actual values
in advance
. On the other hand, if the expected values deviate by more than a multiplicative factor of ρ (
n,m
), then the expected performance is arbitrarily bad for
all
algorithms.
Informing the Design of Novel Input Methods with Muscle Coactivation Clustering
Authors: Bachynskyi Myroslav , Palmas Gregorio , Oulasvirta Antti , Weinkauf Tino
Published: January 2015

This article presents a novel summarization of biomechanical and performance data for user interface designers. Previously, there was no simple way for designers to predict how the location, direction, velocity, precision, or amplitude of users’ movement affects performance and fatigue. We cluster muscle coactivation data from a 3D pointing task covering the whole reachable space of the arm. We identify 11 clusters of pointing movements with distinct muscular, spatio-temporal, and performance properties. We discuss their use as heuristics when designing for 3D pointing.
ColorBless
Authors: Hau Chua Soon , Zhang Haimo , Hammad Muhammad , Zhao Shengdong , Goyal Sahil , Singh Karan
Published: January 2015

Binocular disparity allows interesting visual effects visible only to people with stereoscopic 3D displays. Here, we studied and applied one such effect, binocular luster, to the application of digital colorblind aids with active shutter 3D. We developed two prototype techniques, ColorBless and PatternBless, to investigate the effectiveness of such aids and to explore the potential applications of a luster effect in stereoscopic 3D beyond highlighting. User studies and interviews revealed that luster-based aids were fast and required lower cognitive effort than existing aids and were preferred over other aids by the majority of colorblind participants. We infer design implications of a luster effect from the study and propose potential applications in augmented visualization.
Designing Implicit Interfaces for Physiological Computing
Authors: Treacy Solovey Erin , Afergan Daniel , Peck Evan M. , Hincks Samuel W. , Jacob Robert J. K.
Published: January 2015

A growing body of recent work has shown the feasibility of brain and body sensors as input to interactive systems. However, the interaction techniques and design decisions for their effective use are not well defined. We present a conceptual framework for considering implicit input from the brain, along with design principles and patterns we have developed from our work. We also describe a series of controlled, offline studies that lay the foundation for our work with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) neuroimaging, as well as our real-time platform that serves as a testbed for exploring brain-based adaptive interaction techniques. Finally, we present case studies illustrating the principles and patterns for effective use of brain data in human--computer interaction. We focus on signals coming from the brain, but these principles apply broadly to other sensor data and in domains such as aviation, education, medicine, driving, and anything involving multitasking or varying cognitive workload.
Kernel Lower Bounds using Co-Nondeterminism: Finding Induced Hereditary Subgraphs
Authors: Kratsch Stefan , Pilipczuk Marcin , Rai Ashutosh , Raman Venkatesh
Published: January 2015

This work further explores the applications of co-nondeterminism for showing kernelization lower bounds. The only known example prior to this work excludes polynomial kernelizations for the so-called Ramsey problem of finding an independent set or a clique of at least
k
vertices in a given graph [Kratsch 2012]. We study the more general problem of finding induced subgraphs on
k
vertices fulfilling some hereditary property Π, called Π-Induced Subgraph. The problem is NP-hard for all nontrivial choices of Π by a classic result of Lewis and Yannakakis [1980]. The parameterized complexity of this problem was classified by Khot and Raman [2002] depending on the choice of Π. The interesting cases for kernelization are for Π containing all independent sets and all cliques, since the problem is trivially polynomial time solvable or W[1]-hard otherwise.

Our results are twofold. Regarding Π-Induced Subgraph, we show that for a large choice of natural graph properties Π, including chordal, perfect, cluster, and cograph, there is no polynomial kernel with respect to
k
. This is established by two theorems, each one capturing different (but not necessarily exclusive) sets of properties: one using a co-nondeterministic variant of OR-cross-composition and one by a polynomial parameter transformation from Ramsey.

Additionally, we show how to use improvement versions of NP-hard problems as source problems for lower bounds, without requiring their NP-hardness. For example, for Π-Induced Subgraph our compositions may assume existing solutions of size k--1. This follows from the more general fact that source problems for OR-(cross-)compositions need only be NP-hard under
co-nondeterministic
reductions. We believe this to be useful for further lower-bound proofs, for example, since improvement versions simplify the construction of a disjunction (OR) of instances required in compositions. This adds a second way of using co-nondeterminism for lower bounds.
Limitations of Local Filters of Lipschitz and Monotone Functions
Authors: Awasthi Pranjal , Jha Madhav , Molinaro Marco , Raskhodnikova Sofya
Published: January 2015

We study local filters for two properties of functions of the form
f
: {0,1}d → R: the Lipschitz property and monotonicity. A local filter with additive error
a
is a randomized algorithm that is given black-box access to a function
f
and a query point
x
in the domain of
f
. It outputs a value
F
(x) such that (i) the
reconstructed function
F
(x) satisfies the property (in our case, is Lipschitz or monotone) and (ii) if the input function
f
satisfies the property, then for every point
x
in the domain (with high constant probability) the reconstructed value
F
(x) differs from
f
(x) by at most
a
. Local filters were introduced by Saks and Seshadhri [2010]. The relaxed definition we study is due to Bhattacharyya et al. [2012], except that we further relax it by allowing additive error. Local filters for Lipschitz and monotone functions have applications to areas such as data privacy.

We show that every local filter for Lipschitz or monotone functions runs in time exponential in the dimension
d
, even when the filter is allowed significant additive error. Prior lower bounds (for local filters with no additive error, that is, with
a
=0) applied only to a more restrictive class of filters, for example,
nonadaptive
filters. To prove our lower bounds, we construct families of hard functions and show that lookups of a local filter on these functions are captured by a combinatorial object that we call a
c
-connector. Then we present a lower bound on the maximum outdegree of a
c
-connector and show that it implies the desired bounds on the running time of local filters. Our lower bounds, in particular, imply the same bound on the running time for a class of privacy mechanisms.
Pushing boundaries of normalcy
Authors: Moeller Marie
Published: January 2015

We are all patients in some way---or, at the least, patients-in-waiting. Although I am reminded of this reality on a daily, if not hourly, basis, it is most apparent when I log onto the Internet to engage in what millions of users have begun doing in the last few decades: surf for health information. Typing in "breast cancer" for what must be the thousandth time, I look again for research that will provide insight into this biopolitical phenomenon. Perhaps more telling, I search for information about my own body. As I scan the material, I cannot help but ask myself what qualities I possess or have developed and how they fit into the categories of "high risk," "moderate risk," or "low to no risk."
Rhetorical functions of hashtag forms across social media applications
Authors: Daer Alice R. , Hoffman Rebecca F. , Goodman Seth
Published: January 2015

This study examines an ethnographically-collected set of social media posts from 5 applications in order to understand the rhetorical functions of something we call "metacommunicative" hashtags (e.g., #PackersGottaWinThisOne, #thisweddingisawesome).

Through a process of inductive analysis, we identified recurring genre functions that are both context-specific to applications' ecologies and, at the same time, "stabilized enough" (Schryer, 1993, p. 204) to warrant the use of rhetorical genre theory as a tool for understanding their communicative purposes
Porn architecture
Authors: Smith Allegra W.
Published: January 2015

This poster brief describes ongoing research on user taxonomies in free internet pornography, examining tagging and filtering systems in two digital porn bulletin boards on the social network Reddit. These two communities.r/PornVids, a board for mainstream porn, and r/ChickFlixxx, a board for woman-friendly or feminist porn. offer unique insight into not only porn consumption patterns, but also ways of sorting pornography according to distinctly gendered preferences. The researcher concludes by describing future directions for empirical inquiry into internet pornography, making a case for the importance of affective considerations in user research and interface design.
Designing globally, working locally
Authors: Getto Guiseppe , Amant Kirk St.
Published: January 2015

Extending digital products and services to global markets requires a communication design approach that considers the needs of international (e.g. non-U.S.) users. The challenge becomes developing an approach that works effectively. The concept of personas, as applied in user experience design (UX), can offer an effective solution to this situation. This article examines how this idea of personas can expand communication design practices to include users form other cultures.
Data Analytics and Predictive Modeling
Authors: Mandernach B. Jean , Palese-Sanderson Kelly
Published: January 2015

The growth of online learning mandates that institutions evaluate instructional effectiveness to ensure students receive a high-quality educational experience. While a number of rubrics exist to benchmark best practices in online teaching, advances in learning management technology are expanding opportunities for utilizing data analytics to effectively and efficiently monitor instructional quality. At present, learning management systems can track logins, activity patterns and time-on-task, but this represents only a fraction the possibilities. Predictive modeling may soon allow for more integrated analytics that can quickly and easily inform evaluations of online teaching.
Enhancing Opportunistic Networks with Legacy Nodes
Authors: Nagy Marcin , Kärkkäinen Teemu , Ott Jörg
Published: January 2015

Mobile opportunistic networking utilizes device-to-device communication to provide messaging and content sharing mechanisms between mobile users without the need for supporting infrastructure networks. However, enabling opportunistic networking in practice requires a sufficient number of users to download, install, and run the respective routing and application software to provide sufficient node density, and thus connectivity for the network to actually function.

In this paper, we explore reaching out to nodes that have not (yet) installed any dedicated software to: (1) allow them to access public content in an opportunistic network to possibly seed their interest and (2) instrument them to assist as (limited) message carriers to improve connectivity. We report on our system design and implementation and offer performance insights gained from simulations and initial experiments.
COAP
Authors: Patro Ashish , Banerjee Suman
Published: January 2015

In recent years, there has been a rapid growth in the adoption and usage of WiFi enabled networked devices at homes such as laptops, handheld device and wireless entertainment devices. In dense wireless deployments at homes, such as apartment buildings, neighboring home WLANs share the same unlicensed spectrum by deploying consumer-grade access points in their individual homes. In such environments, WiFi networks can suffer from intermittent performance issues such as wireless packet losses, interference from WiFi and non-WiFi sources due to the increasing diversity of devices that share the spectrum. In this paper, we propose a vendor-neutral cloud-based centralized framework called COAP to configure, co-ordinate and manage individual home APs using an open API implemented over the OpenFlow SDN framework. This paper describes the framework and motivates the potential benefits of the framework in home WLANs.
Your Installed Apps Reveal Your Gender and More!
Authors: Seneviratne Suranga , Seneviratne Aruna , Mohapatra Prasant , Mahanti Anirban
Published: January 2015

In this paper, we highlight a potential privacy threat in the current smartphone platforms, which allows any third party to collect a snapshot of installed applications without the user's consent. This can be exploited by third parties to infer various user attributes similar to what is done through tracking. We show that using only installed apps, user's gender, a demographic attribute that is frequently used in targeted advertising, can be instantly predicted with an accuracy around 70%, by training a classifier using established supervised learning techniques.
HiLight
Authors: Li Tianxing , An Chuankai , Campbell Andrew T. , Zhou Xia
Published: January 2015

We present HiLight, a new form of unobtrusive screen-camera communication for off-theshelf smart devices. HiLight hides information underlying any images shown on an LED or OLED screen, and camera-equipped smart devices can fetch the information by turning their cameras to the screen. HiLight achieves this by leveraging the transparency (alpha) channel, a well-known concept in computer graphics, to encode bits into pixel translucency changes without modifying pixel color (RGB) values. We demonstrated HiLight's feasibility using smartphones. By offering an unobtrusive, flexible, and lightweight communication channel between screens and cameras, HiLight allows new HCI and context-aware applications to emerge.
BeHop
Authors: Yiakoumis Yiannis , Bansal Manu , Covington Adam , van Reijendam Johan , Katti Sachin , McKeown Nick
Published: January 2015

We present BeHop, a wireless testbed for dense WiFi networks often seen in residential and enterprise settings. BeHop aims to provide insights on the operation of dense deployments, and evaluate how different WiFi management strategies affect user experience and network behavior. It has sufficient flexibility to let us try different management techniques and setups (e.g. residential or enterprise, client or infrastructure-driven operation). It is deployed at a university dorm, where it acts as the main network for a diverse set of users and devices, exposing practical insights and implications on the operation of the network. In this paper we discuss the design and implementation of BeHop, and share our early experience over a five-month period.
Timings Matter
Authors: Bloessl Bastian , Puschmann Andre , Sommer Christoph , Dressler Falko
Published: January 2015

We present a solution for enabling standard compliant channel access for a fully softwarebased Software Defined Radio (SDR) architecture. With the availability of a GNURadio implementation of an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) transceiver, there is substantial demand for standard compliant channel access. It has been shown that implementation of CSMA on a host PC is infeasible due to system-inherent delays. The common approach is to fully implement the protocol stack on the FPGA, which makes further updates or modifications to the protocols a complex and time consuming task. We take another approach and investigate the feasibility of a fully software-based solution and show that standard compliant broadcast transmissions are possible with marginal modifications of the FPGA. We envision the use of our system for example in the vehicular networking domain, where broadcast is the main communication paradigm. We show that our SDR solution exactly complies with the IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) as well as Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) timings. We were even able to identify shortcomings of commercial systems and prototypes.
Pursuits
Authors: Vidal Mélodie , Bulling Andreas , Gellersen Hans
Published: January 2015

Although gaze is an attractive modality for pervasive interaction, real-world implementation of eye-based interfaces poses significant challenges. In particular, user calibration is tedious and time consuming. Pursuits is an innovative interaction technique that enables truly spontaneous interaction with eye-based interfaces. A user can simply walk up to the screen and readily interact with moving targets. Instead of being based on gaze location, Pursuits correlates eye pursuit movements with objects dynamically moving on the interface.
First Experiences with GOOGLE GLASS in Mobile Research
Authors: Nguyen Viet , Gruteser Marco
Published: January 2015

There has been a long line of wearable research in the mobile computing community. However, a new, easily accessible platform often functions as a research enabler and leads to a burst of research activity in the field. Will Google Glass and similar offerings from other vendors have this catalyst effect on mobile and wearable research?
Advanced Wireless LAN Technologies
Authors: Gong Michelle X. , Hart Brian , Mao Shiwen
Published: January 2015

In 2013, global mobile data traffic grew 81% and it is projected to increase 11-fold between 2013 and 2018. Further, it is predicted that by 2018, over two-thirds of the world's mobile traffic will be video and more than half of all traffic from wireless connected devices will be offloaded to Wi-Fi networks and femto-cells [1]. Consequently, wireless LANs need major upgrades to improve both throughput and efficiency. IEEE 802.11ac is an amendment to the 802.11 standard that was just ratified by IEEE 802.11. Promising up to gigabit data rates, many Wi-Fi products are being built based on this specification. In addition to technologies that improve throughput, IEEE 802.11ax is investigating and evaluating advanced wireless technologies that enable more efficient utilization of the existing spectrum.
ApoA-IV: current and emerging roles in intestinal lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and satiety
Authors: Kohan Alison B. , Wang Fei , Lo Chun-Min , Liu Min , Tso Patrick
Published: January 2015

Apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) is secreted by the small intestine on chylomicrons into intestinal lymph in response to fat absorption. Many physiological functions have been ascribed to apoA-IV, including a role in chylomicron assembly and lipid metabolism, a mediator of reverse-cholesterol transport, an acute satiety factor, a regulator of gastric function, and, finally, a modulator of blood glucose homeostasis. The purpose of this review is to update our current view of intestinal apoA-IV synthesis and secretion and the physiological roles of apoA-IV in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis, and to underscore the potential for intestinal apoA-IV to serve as a therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes and obesity-related disease.
Animal models of gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Animal models of cystic fibrosis: gastrointestinal, pancreatic, and hepatobiliary disease and pathophysiology
Authors: Olivier Alicia K. , Gibson-Corley Katherine N. , Meyerholz David K.
Published: January 2015

Multiple organ systems, including the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and hepatobiliary systems, are affected by cystic fibrosis (CF). Many of these changes begin early in life and are difficult to study in young CF patients. Recent development of novel CF animal models has expanded opportunities in the field to better understand CF pathogenesis and evaluate traditional and innovative therapeutics. In this review, we discuss manifestations of CF disease in gastrointestinal, pancreatic, and hepatobiliary systems of humans and animal models. We also compare the similarities and limitations of animal models and discuss future directions for modeling CF.
Increased IL-33 expression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Xia Jie , Zhao Junling , Shang Jin , Li Miao , Zeng Zhilin , Zhao Jianping , Wang Jianmiao , Xu Yongjian , Xie Jungang
Published: January 2015

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory lung disease characterized by inflammatory cell activation and the release of inflammatory mediators. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) plays a critical role in various inflammatory and immunological pathologies, but evidence for its role in COPD is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the expression of IL-33 in COPD and to determine whether IL-33 participates in the initiation and progression of COPD. Levels of serum IL-33 and its receptors were measured by ELISA, and serum levels of IL-33, ST2, and IL-1 receptor accessory protein were elevated in patients with COPD compared with control subjects. Flow cytometry analysis further demonstrated an increase in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) expressing IL-33 in patients with COPD. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the main cellular source of IL-33 in lung tissue was human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEs). Cigarette smoke extract and lipopolysaccharide could enhance the ability of PBLs and HBEs to express IL-33. Furthermore, PBLs from patients with COPD showed greater IL-33 release in response to the stimulus. Collectively, these findings suggest that IL-33 expression levels are increased in COPD and related to airway and systemic inflammation. Therefore, IL-33 might contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of this disease.