bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maxillary Sinus Dimensions of Different Human Age Groups by CT Scan Imaging
Authors:   Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq, ABDALLA Mohammad Ahmad
Published: July 2021

Background: The maxillary sinus is an air-filled space, situated in maxillary bones and may be recognized with different shapes and sizes, its walls are obviously thin, and its apex can extend to zygomatic processes of these bones and can occupy most of zygomatic bone. Materials and methods: A prospective study of 330 healthy human individuals who attending to radiology section during the period from December 2018 to October 2019 to do CT scans for maxillary sinuses. Various CT images were taken to calculate the three dimensions of the maxillary sinuses. Results: The mean value for right maxillary human sinus anteroposterior length, width, and height for males were 40.2 ± 4.2mm, 25.2 ± 4.2mm, and 45.0 ± 5.1mm respectively; while for the left was 39.2 ± 3.9mm, 24.5 ± 4.5mm, and 47.2 ± 4.5mm respectively. Whereas, the mean value for right maxillary human sinus length, width, and height in females were 38.7 ± 4.0mm, 24.3 ± 4.0mm, and 42.6 ± 5.0mm respectively; while for the left was 38.3 ± 4.0mm, 23.6 ± 4.2mm, and 44.1 ± 4.7mm respectively. High significant differences (p≤0.05) recorded among age groups for length of both sides of both genders, width in left sinus of both genders, height of right side of both genders, and finally height of left side in females. Conclusion: Maxillary sinus dimensions measured by CT scans revealed a precise recognition of 3D configuration for the sinus that may be useful as a specific identification feature of any human individual.
Petroleum and Food Sectors Lost Stock Returns against Investments in PSX
Authors: Tirmizi Syed Muhammad Ali , Ali Haider , Jan Sharif Ullah
Published: July 2021

The impact of exchange rate exposure and market return on stock returns of petroleum and food sectors PSX listed firms has been investigated empirically. Two econometric models formulated based on the Jorion approach of the two-factor model have been analyzed for petroleum and food sectors stock returns, market return and exchange rate (i.e., USD) for the study period 2005-2012, which represent an era of military regime proceeded by the democratic government of Pakistan Peoples Party. A sample of 37 petroleum and food sectors listed firms have been evaluated by applying the unit root test and OLS multiple regression. Further, the Quandt-Andrews test of unknown breakpoint has been applied, which showed an extended structural break during the period 2007 to 2010. Additionally, the results revealed that the coefficients of exchange rate and market return are negatively related to petroleum and food sectors stock returns. Therefore, investors must take precautions before investing funds in stocks of food and petroleum sector firms.
An Analytical Study on HR Practices in the Public Sector Universities of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Ghaznafar Faheem , Nabi Ghulam , Ain Quratul
Published: July 2021

The primary focus of this paper was to analyze the impact of performance evaluation, compensation and promotion on perceived employee performance. Primary data collection was collected from 214 employees serving in various universities of AJK. Data were analyzed through correlation and regression by running SPSS software. Results revealed that all selected HR practices were positively related to employee perceived performance and employee commitment. Employee commitment has also been tested as the mediator between HR practices and employee perceived performance. As per reference (Barren and Kenney, 1986), partial mediation of employee commitment was found between the HR practices and employee perceived performance. The study indicates that if an organization wishes its workforce to be committed to it and wants to enhance its performance, it needs to address its HR practices. Investment in HR practices is undoubtedly the right investment to enhance the commitment and to boost the performance of the employees.
Irrigation Sector Development: Agro- Economic transformation and Social change in Colonial District Multan (1849-1901)
Authors: Chuadhary Abida Kausar
Published: July 2021

The aim of this research is to analyze the historical process of continuity and change that led to the socio-economic transformation associated with irrigation sector development in nineteenth-century Multan, thus supplying a missing piece in South Asian Regional economic history and it became unplanned revolution and modernization as happened with colonial Multan. The introduction of the perennial canal system and the commercialization of agricultural crops provided a real opportunity for the economic development of this region. What were the socio-cultural impacts of regional economic policies, and how it penetrates as processes of continuity and change? This research derives its frame of reference by mixing historical, qualitative and quantitative methods of research. The selected data is analyzed from a dialectical rationale approach to critical discourse. This research is based on original, unpublished official reports from British Indian Library London, Punjab Civil Secretariat Lahore.
Militancy and its Implications in the Tribal Belt of Pakistan
Authors: Yousafzai Zafar Iqbal , Jan Inamullah , Iqbal Rahat
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study is to examine militancy and its implications in erstwhile Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), which was annexed to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in 2018. The people of erstwhile FATA become victims of militancy and armed conflict for a number of reasons. However, the invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 led to the rising of militancy in the tribal belt of Pakistan, which adversely affected the region, its people and their way of living economically, socially, culturally and psychologically. The paper concludes that the in-time action of the government put this region on the path of peace and stability. The merger of FATA to KP was a significant act the government did in 2018 that has a far-reaching impact on peace in the area. The article suggests the best possible and viable options to reduce the suffering of tribal people in all domains.
Intrathecal catheter for severe low back pain during deep brain stimulation placement: illustrative case
Authors: Kunkler Bryan , Tung Alan , Patil Parag G. , Chiravuri Srinivas , Tarnal Vijay
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved therapy for medically refractory Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, and other neurological conditions. The procedure requires prolonged immobility and can result in significant patient discomfort, potentially limiting patient selection. In addition, surgical requirements necessitate avoidance of medications that may alter or suppress the patient’s arousal or baseline tremor during macrostimulation testing.

OBSERVATIONS

In this study, the authors describe the use of continuous spinal anesthesia with local anesthetic to manage a patient with severe back pain who was intolerant of semisupine position during stereotactic computed tomography and stage 1 of DBS placement.

LESSONS

Continuous spinal anesthesia is an effective strategy to manage patients with severe back pain undergoing DBS surgery for upper extremity motor symptoms.
Socio-legal conditionality for introduction of the institute of probation supervision over convicts on parole into the legislation of Ukraine
Authors: Puzyryov Mykhaylo , Olefir Lyudmyla
Published: July 2021

The article substantiates a socio-legal conditionality for introduction of the institute of probation supervision over convicts on parole into the legislation of Ukraine. It was found that the need to exert a certain influence (supervisory, educational, etc.) over convicts on parole is not new and is evidenced not only by foreign but also domestic history of criminal and executive law. The analysis of modern foreign approaches has shown that the procedure of parole provides for two interrelated stages: 1) release of a person from a penitentiary institution; 2) establishing supervision over him/her after release. It is noted that the assignment of the function of exercising control over convicts on parole to probation authorities will ensure the implementation of this post-penitentiary area on a professional basis. The substantiation of probation authorities as subjects of supervision over convicts on parole is based on the following provisions of international and Ukrainian legislation: 1) The Law of Ukraine «On Probation» provides for penitentiary probation, which, according to Part 1 of Article 11, means the preparation of persons serving a punishment of restraint of liberty or im-prisonment for a fixed term, to release for employment and accommodation of such persons after release at their chosen place of residence. In view of this, probation authorities work with the persons in respect of whom measures for preparation for parole are carried out; and it will be logical if after the release, in order to consolidate the results of correction and re-socialization, the mentioned authorities will continue to work with the released persons; 2) Paragraph 12 of Recommendation Rec(2003)22 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on conditional release (parole) provides that the preparation for conditional release should be organized in close collaboration with all relevant personnel working in prison and those involved in post-release supervision, and be concluded before the end of the minimum or fixed period. Thus, international legal acts adhere to the position on the unity of the subject involved in the process of preparation of parole and su-pervision over convicts on parole.
Future Self-Continuity Increases Responsibility during Covid-19 Restrictions
Authors: Simić Andrej , Vardo Elvis , Solaković Šuajb
Published: July 2021

The failure to engage in responsible behaviour is related to the inability to consider future consequences of actions. An experiment was conducted to examine whetherincreasing the vividness of the future self affects adherence and endorsement of COVID-19 safety measures. A total of 184 participants were randomly assigned to 3 groups. Depending on the experimental condition, they were tasked with writing a letter to other people (their friend), a proximal future self, and a distant future self. Participants in the distant future self and the other people conditions showed greater adherence intentions than proximal future self participants. No differences were found between the distant future self and the other people group. Further group differences were found in the endorsement of safety measures, with the distant-future self-group showing more condemnation than the other two groups. Commitment to the COVID-19 safety measures mediated the group differences on both dependent variables. The results are discussed within the framework of the Construal Level Theory and the Future Self-continuity model.
Progress in Health Goals and Treatment Recommendations of Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Hricová Monika
Published: July 2021

The current guidelines for improving the care of people with type 2 diabetes (diabetes mellitus) suggest that doctors should also inform patients about the necessity of achieving health-related diabetes goals. A patient´s ability to successfully achieve health-related goals and treatment recommendations could improve their health and decrease the risk of diabetes-related complications. The present study aims to explore if the selected goal/recommendation characteristics (motivation, self-efficacy, effort, and challenge) support the progress in health-related goals and recommendations. A study was performed with 120 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes from the Centre for Diabetes Treatment at the L. Pasteur University Hospital in Košice, Slovakia. The participants responded to questions about health goals, treatment recommendations and obstacles with items assessing motivation, effort, challenges, self-efficacy, and progress. The results showed that patients with diabetes were more likely to make successful progress when health-goals were autonomous and recommendations were autonomous or controlled motivated. There was a significant effect of patients’ effort and efficacy on progress in both goals and recommendations. With increasing years of diabetes, the recommendations and goals’ autonomous motivation significantly decreased while recommendation effort increased. Goals and recommendation challenge did not predict progress. The results suggest that interventions should focus on encouraging want-to motivation, self-efficacy and professionals evaluate patients’ effort.
The Current Challenges of Online Education in Ukraine
Authors: Boichuk Oleh
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the article is to carry out theoretical analysis and synthesis of prospects for the development of distance learning in Ukraine, to consider the main current problems of distance education in Ukraine, to analyze the main factors hindering the introduction of distance learning, to draw attention to the need for computer literacy distance learning methodologies, in particular a unified, systematic, nationwide approach to organization, coordination and control in this area.
The research methodology consists in analytical method, method of structural-functional analysis, phenomenological method, method of content analysis, method of general philosophical reflection, basic sociological methods (questionnaires, interviews).
The scientific novelty of the research lies in clarifying the current state of integration of distance learning in Ukrainian schools and clarifying the features of the process of introducing distance learning in general. The article also analyzed the works of foreign fundamentalist scientists in the field of distance learning and partially substantiated the feasibility of their implementation in the domestic system of distance learning. Based on the study, innovative hypotheses have been put forward regarding the factors (individual, collective and social) that inhibit the introduction of distance learning and often lead to its inefficiency and formalization, which in the future can be a reference point for future scientific research.
Virtual Reality: Navigation in Mobile Applications with Using Google Cardboard
Authors: Tkachenko Olha , Ivanytskyi Oleksandr
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the article is to study, analyze and consider the general problems and prospects of using navigation systems in a virtual environment on mobile devices using Google Cardboard virtual reality glasses.
The research methodology consists of the methods of semantic analysis of the basic concepts of a given subject area (navigation systems in virtual environments). The article discusses the existing approaches to the development of navigation systems.
The novelty of the research is the solution of navigation problems in mobile applications that operate in virtual reality.
Conclusions. The work analyzed the existing problems and prospects for the use of navigation systems in mobile applications that can be used in the field of education gamification. Taking into account the results of the analysis, the authors have developed a navigation system that is important for solving problems of improving the effectiveness of gamification of learning processes (especially distance, online learning, e-learning).
Digital-mediale Verflechtungen des Biografischen. Eckpunkte einer relationalen Forschungsperspektive für die bildungstheoretisch orientierte Biografieforschung
Authors: Bettinger Patrick
Published: July 2021

Das Anliegen des Beitrags ist es, Positionen aus dem Diskurs um den digitalen Wandel in Bezug zur Biografieforschung zu setzen und so neue Impulse für dieses Schnittfeld zu generieren. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf den Möglichkeiten einer Forschungsperspektive, die Biografisierung im Kontext der Digitalität als dynamischen (Re-)Konfigurationsprozess heterogener menschlicher und nichtmenschlicher Entitäten begreift. Hierzu schließt der Beitrag an Überlegungen des ‚material turn‘ sowie an dessen medientheoretische Verbindungslinien an, um so die medial-materiellen Verflechtungen des Biografischen herauszustellen. Der im Beitrag vertretene Zugang entwirft eine Position, die dezidiert die (digitale) Materialität biografischer Verläufe berücksichtigt und auch in forschungspraktischer Hinsicht überindividuelle Aspekte integriert. Mit Blick auf den Bereich der bildungstheoretisch orientierten Biografieforschung wird dargelegt, wie ein solcher Zugang den analytischen Einbezug von digitalen Artefakten ermöglicht und Veränderungen sozio-medialer Gefüge untersucht.
Zwischen Teilnahme und Beobachtung
Authors: Winter Christina
Published: July 2021

In dem Beitrag wird die Rolle der Ethnograf*in als mehrsprachige Akteur*in für die (Ko-)Konstruktion sprachlicher Bildung im Elementarbereich untersucht. Ausgehend von der Frage, inwiefern mehrsprachige Forscher*innen die im Feld anzutreffenden sprachlichen Praktiken beeinflussen, werden die Potenziale von Partizipation in der Ethnografie sprachlicher Bildung diskutiert.
Upaya Peningkatan Maharah Kalam Melalui Kegiatan Intrakurikuler Muhadharah
Authors: Insani Mutia , Hamdani Wagino Hamid , Sopian Asep
Published: July 2021

The problematics of PPM Al-Jumhuriyah students' language activities are Arabic students of PPM Al-Jumhuriyah are still low, and intracurricular muhadharah activities can support and improve the quality of Arabic students are still lacking. From this, the researcher considers that applying Muhadharah activities plays an essential role in improving the quality of students' Arabic speaking skills. This research was descriptive. It was analyze using qualitative methods. To collect the data, the researcher used interviews, questionnaires, and study documentation. The result is that the management of the process of implementing Muhadharah activities does not yet support the improvement of the quality of students' Arabic speaking skills. Based on the research results on applying Muhadharah activities in improving Arabic speaking skills, it shows several deficiencies and obstacles experienced by students. So the researcher's suggestion for the language mobilizer as a core part of linguistic activities is to vary the method of implementing Muhadharah activities that bring students to ease and encourage students to be more active in speaking languages and advising matters relating to language that runs in the boarding and guarding them.
TYPOLOGY OF PERIPHERAL VISION
Authors:   Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine, Soenko Yevgeny
Published: July 2021

The research is based on the statement that retina produces the proper level of electrical activity, sourcing visual system. I started the research with partial darkening of different parts of the visual fields of humans to register possible psychological and physiological changes. The tested showed dramatically increasing variability and number of changes within just four exact types of darkening. More, emotional and physiological aspects of those changes were polarized into general acceptance and general rejection of a certain type of darkening in most of the individual tests. Thus the tested formed two opposite groups within every one of those types of darkening: a group with general negative reactions and a group with general positive ones. Further, those types of darkening turned out combined in pairs. General tune of reactions of most of the tested changed to strictly reverse within a pair of upper-lower types of darkening of peripheral vision and outer-inner ones as well. Between the pairs of types of darkening, there was no correspondence. The tested showed stability of their reactions during at least several months. Thus I may state a possibility of existence in the visual system of humans of two independent neuropsychological structures both having two alternative modes of functioning with a stable preference of just one of them in every individual case. If it is true, there may be a vision-based typology.
Formation of modified whitlockite-related calcium phosphates under conditions of coprecipitation from aqueous solutions
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Strutynska N.Yu. , Slobodyanik M.S. , Titov Y.O. , Kraievska I.A. , Кhmarska L.O.
Published: July 2021

The features of phase formation during wet coprecipitation from aqueous system Сa2+–NO3––Х (Х – NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4, Na3PO4) at the molar ratio Са2+/РО43–=1.6 and room temperature have been investigated. It was found formation of whitlockite-related calcium phosphates (trigonal system, space group R-3c). The results of elemental analysis indicated the chemical modification of calcium phosphates by sodium cations (samples contained 0.3–0.6 wt.% Na+). According to the resulta of thermogravimetry, the synthesized samples contained up to 6 wt.% of sorption water. Heating of samples to the temperature of 6000C is accompanied by water removal and an increase in particle size from 20–50 nm to 500 nm. It was shown that the use of sodium nitrate as a source of sodium cations in the formation of sodium-containing calcium phosphates allows obtaining compositions of whitlockite- and apatite-related phases. The mass ratio of phases can be adjusted by changing the content of sodium cations in the initial solution. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy methods. Optimized conditions for preparation of whitlockite-related sodium-containing calcium phosphates as well as composites based on them with apatite-related phase can be further used in the development of materials with the required resorption rate for orthopedics.
The effect of impurities on the stability of low concentrated eco-friendly solutions of NaOCl
Authors:   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Shmychkova O. , Borovik I. ,   Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Girenko D. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Davydenko P. ,   Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Velichenko A. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology
Published: July 2021

The synthesis of hypochlorous acid from low concentrated chloride-containing electrolytes has been studied on various oxide materials at the anode current density of 50 mA cm–2. Boron doped diamond, platinized titanium, metallic titanium doped with platinum and palladium and materials based on lead (IV) oxide modified with fluorine and surfactants turned out to be promising for the synthesis of hypochlorous acid by electrolysis. Whereas, given the stability of oxidant synthesis during cumulative electrolysis, titanium modified with platinum and palladium as well as pre-treated lead (IV) oxide containing surfactants (sodium laureth sulfate) was the best. One should additionally take into account the possibility of combined use of electrocatalysts for the synthesis of strong oxidants in the reverse current mode in flow systems, when the implementation of the gas cathode leads to the formation of hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid is formed at the anode. In fact, only a metal electrocatalyst, such as titanium modified with platinum and palladium, can be a suitable material. The kinetics of hypochlorite conversion is primarily determined by the pH value of freshly prepared solutions, temperature and storage conditions. The presence of different organic and inorganic micro-impurities in the solution also affects the kinetics of the hypochlorite salt decomposition. The following micro-impurities show the most negative impact on the stability of sodium hypochlorite solutions: Co(II), Cu(II), Mg(II), Al(III), and K3[Fe(CN)6]; Ni(ІІ), Fe(III), and K4[Fe(CN)6] influence the stability to a lesser extent. The effect of chlorate on the inhibition of sodium hypochlorite activity as a disinfectant has been investigated. The presence of chlorate in the disinfectant solution involved results in the absence of bactericidal activity against S. aureus and P. aeuruginosa. The growth of pseudomonas colonies becomes more abundant with increasing chlorate content in the disinfectant.
Interaction of dirhenium(III) tryptophan complex compound with DNA and protein
Authors:   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Holichenko O.A. , Shtemenko N.I. , Ovcharenko A.A. , Shtemenko A.V.
Published: July 2021

We report about the interactions of dirhenium(III) compound cis-[Re2(Trp)2Cl4(CH3CN)2]Cl2 (I) with bovine serum protein (BSA) and guanine (G4) quadruplexes DNA by UV-Vis titration. Addition of I to BSA led to the interaction between these compounds with binding constant 5.6103 M–1 and hyperchromism (20.9%) of the main protein absorption band (280 nm). These results support our assumption about formation of the additional conjugated systems during the process of interaction with BSA. Stabilization of the quadruple bonded rhenium(III) complex compound was shown in the presence of BSA (the rate of destruction was reduced), that may be explained by interaction between amino acid residues of BSA and quadruple bond of dirhenium(III) complex compound. In addition, we have obtained data about strong hyperchromism (up to 100%) and significant shift of the maximum of absorption (blue shift) towards UV (2–9 nm) and visible (22 nm) regions in the spectra of mixtures G4s and I, that, in our opinion, correlated with a conformational change in DNA and with formation of additional conjugated systems around quadruple bond of I. In a whole, our work confirms the strong binding activity of a cluster dirhenium(III) compound towards G4 quadruplexes, that exceed the binding activity to proteins and witness to preferential interactions of I with G4 DNA in a living cell. These results may be used in DNA "silencing technology" and "antisense therapy".
Questioning activity of informatics teachers and authors of school textbooks
Authors: Alyabysheva Yu. A. , Veryaev A. A.
Published: July 2021

The article examines the questioning activity, firstly, of teachers of informatics, and secondly, the authors of school textbooks on informatics. For the first case, some methodological techniques are presented that contribute to an increase in the degree of variety of questions that sound in a school or student audience. For the second case, the analysis of the question-task (QT) subsystem of the educational book containing the sections “Questions and Tasks” and “Tasks and Exercises” is carried out. The purpose of this part of the work is to introduce a quantitative characteristic of the question-task subsystem, which reflects the stylistic features of the work of the authors of textbooks and, therefore, can be attributed to the digital trail of the work of the group of authors. With regard to the organization of the work of students, the formation of their individual educational trajectories, a similar digital trail can play the role of one of the characteristics of the digital profile of the student. In the work, B. Bloom’s goal-setting technology is used to consider the questioning activity, and, in particular, the widespread in the literature misconception about the strong verbal predetermination of the types of educational tasks is criticized. This remark is true for Russian-language educational texts.
Learning a Loop with a parameter in the Pascal programming language: a distance lesson in Zoom
Authors: Kurganova N. A.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the main features of the organization of a distance lesson on the theme "A loop with a parameter in the Pascal programming language". The Zoom program is chosen as a tool for organizing distance interaction with students. The article shows how all the stages of the lesson of discovering new knowledge, acquiring new skills can be implemented in the conditions of distance interaction through Zoom. The main features of Zoom, which are advisable to use when conducting an online class, are considered. There are materials to support the lesson, such as a presentation on the theme "A loop with a parameter in the Pascal programming language", a Google form for conducting a survey, and a form for organizing reflection. Examples of tasks for each stage of the distance lesson are given.
Studing the css animation with websimulator in extracurricuLar activities
Authors: Karmanova E. V. , Bezborodova O. V.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the issues of teaching high school students CSS animation (Cascading Style Sheets) in the framework of extracurricular activities using the gamification method. The current problems of teaching web programming at school are considered, its main components are highlighted: HTML page layout, programming on the client and server sides. The analysis of existing services and online games for teaching web layout is presented. As a result of the analysis of the traffic of the studied services, an increased interest of Internet users in web simulators, implemented using the principles of gamification, was revealed. However, today there are a limited number of such services, in addition, many topics of web programming and layout are still unrealized with the help of such web simulators.

The article describes a completed project of developing a web simulator for teaching the basic properties of CSS animation. When designing a web simulator, the requirements for the implementation of game mechanics and dynamics were considered, which will make it possible to organize the educational process in a dynamic, exciting and visual way. The article describes the key features of the web simulator, its functional requirements, provides a rationale for the choice of topics and design of the web simulator, and considers the algorithm of its operation. The topics that are studied as a result of passing tasks in the web simulator are listed. The risks associated with the implementation of the web simulator in the educational process are described.

The authors carried out an experiment on the basis of an additional education institution "KiberOne Programming School" among 10th grade students, the results of the experiment showed the effectiveness of using the developed web simulator in teaching CSS animation.
The Impact of Covid-19 on McDonald’s Business: A Case Study of Malaysia
Authors: Kee Daisy Mui Hung , Toh Aik Long , Chong Jin Hui , Teng You Ming , Ooi Shawn Jinq Cheng , Chong Rachel Xin Jie
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the study is to identify the impacts of Covid-19 on McDonald’s business in Malaysia. McDonald’s is one of the largest fast-food franchises, and its franchisee is expanding yearly in the global market. Its mission is to become the favorite place and way to eat and drink. A total of 100 respondents were surveyed. Results indicated that the Covid-19 has an impact on its business performance. The impacts are the drop in sales, an increase in operational costs as well as changes in their operation.
A Short Course Computer-assisted Cognitive Remediation in Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors:   Department of Psychology, School of Education and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Kurdistan, Iran., Hatami Samira , Mirsepassi Zahra ,   Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Sedighnia Azadeh ,   Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Tehranidoost Mehdi ,   Department of Psychiatry, Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Masoomi Maryam ,   Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Sharif Vandad ,   Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT) is used to improve cognitive functioning in patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSDs). Most of the previous studies had incorporated a long rehabilitation program. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a short and easy to implement computer-based CRT on cognitive performance in patients with SSDs using a randomized controlled trial design. Methods: Sixty-Two patients with SSDs were enrolled in Roozbeh Hospital (Tehran City, Iran); they were randomized to either receive a CRT program added to the standard pharmacological treatment (n=31) or the standard treatment alone (n=31). The remediation consisted of 10 sessions of CRT provided 2-3 times a week applying the Cogpack software. The cognitive performance was assessed in attention, memory, and executive functions before and after the intervention using the respective tests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Results: This study did not demonstrate any significant improvement in attention and executive function between the experimental and control group. However, we observed modest improvements in some aspects of visual memory (first trial memory score, F=9.152, P<0.001, Cohen’s d=0.40; mean errors to success, F=6.991, P=0.011, Cohen’s d=0.14; stages completed on the first trial, F=7.155, P=0. 010, Cohen’s d=0.71; total errors, F=5.730, P=0.020, Cohen’s d=0.53). Conclusion: We observed only modest improvements in the patients’ cognitive functioning after a short course of CRT. The short duration of the training and lack of a comprehensive rehabilitation plan may explain the obtained findings.
Alteration in Neuregulin 1/ERbB4 in Absence Epilepsy: Regulatory Effect on TRPV1 Expression
Authors:   Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran., Talebi Farideh , Ghorbani Samira ,   Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran., Alizadeh Leila ,   Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran., Akhlaghi Fatemeh ,   Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Moeeni Sedigheh Sadat ,   Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The footprint of Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) / ERbB4 in the pathophysiology of some neurological disorders and TRPV1 regulation has been indicated. The alterations in NRG1 and ErbB4 as well as the TRPV1 signaling pathway were investigated during the development of absence epilepsy in the genetic animal model of absence epilepsy. Methods: Male WAG/Rij and Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups of two and six months of age. The protein levels of NRG1, ERbB4, and TRPV1 were measured in the somatosensory cortex and hippocampus. Results: The cortical protein levels of NRG1 and ErbB4 in the 6-month-old WAG/Rij rats were lower than in Wistar rats. Protein levels of TRPV1 were lower in two- and six-month-old WAG/Rij rats compared to age-matched Wistar rats. Hippocampal protein levels of NRG1 in 6-month-old WAG/Rij rats were lower than two-month-old WAG/Rij rats. Low levels of ErbB4 protein in two-month-old and high levels in six-month-old WAG/Rij rats were found compared to Wistar rats. Protein levels of TRPV1 were lower in the two-month-old and higher in the six-month-old WAG/Rij rats compared to age-matched Wistar rats. Furthermore, a high correlation between NRG1/ERbB4 and TRPV1 expressions in the cortex and hippocampus was indicated. The expression of NRG1/ERbB4 and TRPV1 followed a similar pattern during the life span of Wistar and WAG/Rij rats. Conclusion: Our findings indicated the potential role of the NRG1/ErbB4 pathway as well as TRPV1 in the pathogenesis of absence epilepsy. The regulatory effect of the ERbB4 receptor on the TRPV1 expression has been suggested following the similar pattern of expression.
Experience of Delinquent Adolescents in Juvenile Detention Center of Tehran With Emphasis on Crime Repetition Prevention
Authors:   Department of Law, Faculty of Human Science, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran., Mousavi Seyed Hadi , Ghayoomzadeh Mahmood ,   Department of Law, Faculty of Human Science, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Juvenile delinquents are a group of people that is in dire need of psychosocial rehabilitation. In this research, we seek to assess the lived experience in two groups of delinquent adolescents: one group is repetitive delinquents, the second group successfully returned to society. We tried to understand the relevant and essential factors in making this difference. Methods: This study is a qualitative research based on Grounded Theory. In this study, samples of adolescents with recurrent crimes and samples that have successfully returned to society without recidivism were reviewed. To do this, we should have investigated each case separately and the whole process that led to the recurrence of the crime. However, because the size of the statistical population is not sufficient to use quantitative and generalized methods, a case-experienced study has been conducted. This method assesses current phenomena in their real-life context, especially when the boundaries between a phenomenon and the context in which it occurs are not clearly defined. Several sources of evidence were used. After the coding of the gathered data and the formulation of the interviews in the form of concepts, the next step was to increase the level of abstraction of these concepts and propositions in the form of subcategories. Results: Finally, of 222 propositions, we reached 100 concepts that were mainly associated with recurrent delinquency or regret and return to society. Some of the most important ones were family problems (such as parental quarrels, parental addiction, parental unemployment, and a history of a criminal conviction and parental imprisonment). Discussion: Undoubtedly, one of the essential factors in the occurrence of crime is the environments in which the perpetrators deal with them. They are influenced by these environments whose personalities are shaped. Family, school, neighborhood, dropout, peer group, and general social determinants are influential in juvenile delinquency and its continuation or abandonment.
Effects of Temporary Clips on Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in Anterior Circulation of Brain Aneurysm Surgery Among Rasul Akram Hospital Patients During 2017-2018
Authors:   Neurosurgery Research Center, Rasul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Tabibkhooei Alireza , Azar Maziar ,   Neurosurgery Research Center, Rasul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Alizadeh Siamak ,   Neurosurgery Research Center, Rasul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Aslaninia Asghar ,   Neurosurgery Research Center, Rasul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Background and Aim: Cerebrovascular brain incidents especially brain aneurysm ruptures are a major cause of death and disability. Monitoring Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SSEP) and corresponding changes are used for identifying cerebral ischemia and predicting neuronal injuries during using temporary clips in brain aneurysm surgeries. This approach limits integrated performance evaluation for somatosensory and cortex paths. Methods and Materials/Patients: This clinical trial study was conducted on the patients who were candidate for anterior cerebral circulation aneurysm surgery during 2017-2018 in Rasul Akram Hospital. SSEP monitoring was performed related to the median nerve in the contralateral wrist to examine the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) and posterior tibialis nerve in the contralateral ankle to examine Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) during the surgery procedure. Incentive parameters with a power of 5 to 25 milliampere and corresponding duration of 0.2 milliseconds and waves with a frequency of 3.3 Hertz were registered. Before locating temporary clips, SSEP was extracted as a baseline from every patient and then recorded. Results: Totally 9 patients (9 aneurysms) were studied. Three of them were men and 6 patients women. The age of patients ranged 39-78 years. The clinical status of patients was assessed using the Hunt-Hess scale. Five cases were classified as grade 1, 2 cases as grade 2, and 2 cases as grade 3. Among 9 aneurysms, 7 cases were about A.com artery and 2 cases were in connection with MCA artery, having the size of 5 to 11 millimeters. Friedman test was applied to explore average latency change percentage and amplitude change percentage in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd minutes for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd clips where the results were significantly different (P=0.050). Conclusion: Neuromonitoring can be used as an index for examining tissue perfusion level of the brain and help to prevent accidental ischemic injuries of the brain followed by temporary clipping.
Purely Neuro-endoscopic Transventricular Approach for Cystic Craniopharyngiomas
Authors:   Department of Neurosurgery, Principal Hospital of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal. ,, Diop Sagar , Cheikh Ndiaye SY El Hadji ,   Department of Neurosurgery, National University Hospital of Fann, Dakar, Senegal., Thioub Mbaye ,   Department of Neurosurgery, National University Hospital of Fann, Dakar, Senegal., Mbaye Maguette ,   Department of Neurosurgery, National University Hospital of Fann, Dakar, Senegal., Badara Thiam Alioune ,   Department of Neurosurgery, National University Hospital of Fann, Dakar, Senegal., Abdoulaye Cisse Mouhamed ,   Department of Neurosurgery, National University Hospital of Fann, Dakar, Senegal., Codé BA Momar ,   Department of Neurosurgery, National University Hospital of Fann, Dakar, Senegal., Boubakar Badiane Seydou ,   Department of Neurosurgery, National University Hospital of Fann, Dakar, Senegal.
Published: July 2021

Background and Importance: Craniopharyngiomas are tumors made up of mixed components which can present intraventricular cystic portion. The aim of our work is to evaluate the outcome of the endoscopic marsupialization as a surgical approach. Methods and Materials/Patients: We report 11 cases presenting craniopharyngioma with intraventricular cystic portion inducing hydrocephalus managed at Neurosurgery Unit of Fann Hospital between June 2013 and June 2017. Endoscopic marsupialization was realized for all patients with a rigid neuroendoscope Karl Storz. Results: The mean age of cases was 30.18 years with a ranged 07-69. There was a male predominance with a sex ratio of 1.75. All patients were suffering from an intracranial pressure syndrome. Lowering visual acuity including two (02) blindness cases was found in patients under 15 years. Frontal lobe syndrome was found in all patients of more than 50 years. A cerebral CT scan was realized for 9 patients and an MRI for 4 patients. A cystic marsupialization with biopsy was realized by precoronal approach. Fluid looked like “waste oil” for 9 patients. Ventriculocisternostomy of the 3rd ventricle was realized in 2 cases. Progress was favorable with intracranial pressure signs disappearance in 8 cases. We noticed 3 failures with cyst persistence at control CT Scan. Three patients had a recurrence, requiring revised marsupialization complicated by death in 1 case. Conclusion: Endoscopic marsupialization represents a seductive technique which is an easy and reproducible treatment for intraventricular cystic craniopharyngioma.
Complements C3 and C4 in serum and stimulatedsaliva of patients suffer oral erosive lichen planus
Authors:   Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Mirzaii-Dizgah Mohammad-Hossein , Rohani Bita ,   Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Mirzaii-Dizgah Iraj ,   Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The objective of this study was to compare the level of complements C3 and C4 in serum, and stimulated saliva between oral lichen planus (OLP) and healthy individuals. Methods: A case-control study was performed on 31 healthy and 31 who suffer the erosive type of OLP. Serum and saliva level of C3 and C4 were measured by immunoturbidimetry method. Results: C3 and C4 were expressed at a lower level in serum and saliva of OLP patients compared to control groups. Serum C3 and C4 levels did not correlate with their saliva levels. The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed significantly diagnostic abilities for serum and saliva C3 and C4 to discrimination of OLP patients from controls (cutoff [mg/dl] for C3 were 83 in serum and 3.45 in saliva and for C4 were 9.5 in serum and 0.9 in saliva). Conclusion: Serum and salivary levels of total C3 and C4 were lower in patients with OLP than in healthy controls. Therefore, they may able to discriminate OLP from healthy.
Combination effects of gallic acid and cyclosporine A during ischemia/ reperfusion on rat electrocardiogram parameters and arrhythmia
Authors:   Sirjan School of Medical Sciences , Sirjan, Iran, Sadeghi Najmeh , Saadatfard Samira ,   Research Center for non. Communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran, Dianat Mahin ,   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Iran, Abedi Hassanali ,   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran, Dehghani Khatereh ,   Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Myocardial ischemia leads to electrical disturbance in the heart because of reactive oxygen specious. This study aimed to investigate the effects of gallic acid and cyclosporine A (CsA) together on electrocardiogram parameters in myocardium following ischemia - reperfusion (I/R) in isolated hearts. Methods: In this research, 50 Wistar rats weighing 250-300g were randomly divided into the 5 following groups: control, sham and gallic acid (7.5, 15 and 30mg/kg) in combination with CsA (0.2μM). On the eleventh day, the hearts were removed and perfused with Krebs solution and ischemia was induced for 30min. Then, cyclosporine was administered for 10min at the 10 minutes before reperfusion and 10 minutes the beginning of reperfusion. By placing the electrode, the parameters of RR, PR, QT, TpeakTend, JT and QTcB interval, ST elevation, R, P, Q, S, T amplitude were recorded before ischemia and during reperfusion. Results: This study showed that RR, JT, interval, p duration, ST elevation and PVC numbers of control were increased during ischemia compared with sham and decreased using gallic acid (7.5, 15 and 30mg/kg) in combination with CsA. In addition, P, R, S, T amplitude during the ischemia were decreased in control compared with sham and increased with gallic acid (15mg/kg) in combination with CsA. Conclusion: In conclusion, the optimal combination of both drugs decreased arrhythmia occurrence while increased electrical velocity of conduction and wave amplitudes in isolated myocardium after ischemia reperfusion injury.
Reconstrução Nasal: análise de 253 casos realizados no Instituto Nacional de Câncer
Authors: Souza Filho Marcus Vinicius Ponte de , Kobig Rudolf Nunes , Barros Patrícia Breder de , Dibe Márcio José Abreu , Leal Paulo Roberto Albuquerque
Published: July 2021

Foram analisados 253 casos de reconstrução nasal, 80,63% devido a carcinoma basocelular e 7,51% devido a carcinoma espinocelular. As principais áreas comprometidas foram: dorso (41,50%), asa (30,43%), ponta (24,90%) e parede lateral (12,25%). Excluindo-se o avançamento direto simples, o principal procedimento utilizado na reconstrução do dorso foi o retalho dorso-glabelar (17,14%); da asa nasal, o retalho nasogeniano (55,84%); da ponta, o retalho bilobado (20,63%) e da parede lateral, o retalho nasogeniano (58,06%). Para os casos de reconstrução total de nariz (2,77%) o procedimento mais utilizado foi o retalho de Converse (71,42%).