bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Number and Distribution of Mast Cells in Reproductive Systems of Gravid and Non-Gravid Female Mice
Authors: Glavaski Mila , Banovic Pavle , Lalosevic Dusan
Published: November 2019

Mast cells are mainly distributed in tissues exposed to the external environment, but they are also found in ovaries, oviducts and uterus. We determined the difference in the number and distribution of Alcian Blue (+) and Safranine O (+) mast cells in reproductive systems of gravid and non-gravid female mice by histological examination. We showed that the number of mast cells is significantly higher in the reproductive system of gravid mice than in the reproductive system of non-gravid mice. Mast cells are unevenly distributed in ovaries, oviducts and uterus in both gravid and non-gravid mice. A large number of mast cells reside close to blood vessels throughout the entire reproductive system.
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Authors: Indonesia Jurnal Agronomi
Published: November 2019

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ASAS KESEIMBANGAN DALAM ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL DI LUAR PENGADILAN
Authors: . Usak
Published: November 2019

Industrial labor disputes between workers or workers and employers often occur as a result of mismatches of opinion and / or actions of both. Both disputes are usually preceded by violations of law and may occur not for violation of the law. For the right institution to resolve industrial relations disputes, if based on the principle of balance thinking is a deliberation to seek dispute resolution, the right institution is a non-litigation institution outside the court, without having to be brought to the Industrial Relations Court. To further ensure the creation of a balance principle for the parties in disputes in industrial relations disputes, according to Law no. 2 of 2004 on Industrial Relations Dispute Settlement, dispute settlement takes priority through negotiation to seek deliberation outside the consensus of the courts, this will create a balance principle for the position of the parties while providing legal protection for workers/laborers. In accordance with the legal matter, the purpose of this study is to examine alternative forms of realization of industrial relations dispute settlement outside the court as a reflection of the principle of equilibrium.
Effect of Leaf Segments and Potting Media on Plant Performance of Sansevieria trifasciata Hort. ex Prain Grown under Ex vitro Conditions
Authors: Hematharshini Alaguthurai - , Seran Thayamini Harold
Published: November 2019

The present study was conducted to investigate the vegetative propagation of Sansevieria trifasciata under ex vitro conditions. The experiment was conducted at the net house to select the best leaf segment among apical, middle and bottom portions of leaves and also to evaluate their performance in different potting media. Leaf segments were taken from apical, middle and bottom portions and planted in soil: compost at 1:0, soil: compost at 1:1 and soil: compost at 1:2 ratios. After 90 days, number of shoots per cutting (>1cm), number of shoot buds (
Kırklareli Peynirlerinin Tarihsel Gelişimi ve Coğrafi Karakteristikleri
Authors: Aşkın Buket
Published: November 2019

Peynir üretimi ile eski zamanlardan bu yana önemli bir yere sahip olan Kırklareli ilinde önemli ticari potansiyele sahip olan iki farklı peynir, Kırklareli Beyaz Peyniri (KBP) ve KBP ve KEKP üretiminde belli oranlarda koyun sütü, keçi sütü ve inek sütü karışımı kullanılmaktadır. Kırklareli peynirlerini ayırt edici kılan temel bazı özellikler mevcuttur. Bu özellikleri coğrafi yapı ve iklim koşullarına bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan doğal bitki örtüsünün getirdiği etki, peynir hammaddesi olan sütün taşımış olduğu farklılıklar, son olarak ve en önemlisi ise üretim yöntemi ve olgunlaşma sürecinde yer alan temel farklılıklar ile belirtildiği gibi süregelen tarihsel ustalık şeklinde özetlemek mümkündür. KBP ve KEKP taşıdığı farklılıkları bir zincir gibi hayvan beslenmesinden, süte, sütten peynire yansımaktadır. İlin botanik kompozisyonunu oluşturan türlerin oranları hayvanların yemini oluşturmaktadır. Botanik özelliklerine göre Kırklareli meralarında yaygın olan bitkiler buğdaygiller (Poaceae), baklagiller (Fabaceae), geniş yapraklı otlar (Asteraceae, Apiaceae, Lamiaceae vd.) ve çalılardır (Fagaceae vd.). Bu 3 farklı bitki grubunun süt ve peynir üzerine farklı şekillerde etkileri bulunmaktadır ve protein miktarı, yağ oranı vb. gibi en temel kalite kriterlerini etkilemektedir. Bunların dışında sütün mikrobiyal yükünün çok düşük olması ile başlayan ve üretim koşullarının getirdiği birçok farklılık ta mevcuttur. İlde üretilen sütlerin AB kriterlerine uygun olması, öncelikle düşük pastörizasyon sıcaklığı gibi çok önemli bir avantajı beraberinde getirmektedir. Üretimlerinde yalnızca inek sütü kullanılabileceği gibi koyun sütü, keçi sütü ve inek sütü karışımı da kullanılabilir. Karışım oranları ise %30-%45 koyun sütü, %25-%40 keçi sütü, %15-%30 inek sütü şeklindedir.
Kurutma Yöntemlerinin Fındığın (Corylus avellana L.) Yağ Asitleri İçeriği Üzerine Etkileri: Derleme
Authors: Turan Ali
Published: November 2019

Fındık, Türkiye'nin Doğu ve Batı Karadeniz Bölgesinin önemli tarımsal ürünüdür ve genellikle dünya pazarına kurutulmuş ve kabuklu olarak ihraç edilmektedir. Fındık zuruflu olarak genellikle güneş altında çimen ve beton harmanda kurutulmaktadır. Geleneksel kurutma güneş altında (beton ve çimen harman) hava koşullarına bağlı olarak 10-25 gün kadar sürmektedir. Hasat sırasında eğer yağmur olursa, kuruma süresi uzayarak ürünün bozulmasına yol açar. Hasat sonrasında özellikle zuruflarından ayırma ve kurutma hayati önem taşımaktadır. Çünkü güneş altında beton ve çimen harmanda kurutma küf gelişimine neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca, güneş altında kurutulan örnekler yağın stabilitesini etkileyen serbest yağ asitleri salmaktadır. Suni kurutma yöntemleri ile küf gelişimi ve yağ oksidasyonu önlenebilir. Bu yüzden suni kurutma fındık kurutma için gelecek vadeden bir strateji olarak görülmektedir.
How Pullulanase Affects Resistant Starch and Antioxidant Activity in Purple Sweet Potato Powder?
Authors: Addelia Gita Nevara , Chay Shyan Yea , Muhammad Kharidah , Mohd Ghazali Hasanah , Karim Roselina
Published: November 2019

Purple sweet potato (PSP) serves as a potential source for dual functionalities of resistant starch (RS) and antioxidants. This study aims to evaluate the effects of pullulanase enzyme on these functionalities. Results showed that the incorporation of pullulanase into PSP powder could significantly increase the RS content from 3.06 g/100g to 7.11 g/100g. However, total anthocyanin content and DPPH radical scavenging activity reduced significantly, due to the interference from RS fragments on anthocyanins. Securing both functionalities (RS and antioxidant) within the same sample is seemingly impossible. A compromise between RS and antioxidant properties in coloured, starchy plant powders is recommended.
Dielectric Properties of Foods
Authors: Tıraş Buşra , Dede Sercan , Altay Filiz
Published: November 2019

Dielectric properties of materials are used for evaluating their interactions with electromagnetic energy. Dielectric properties of food materials are required for various applications in food industry such as microwave (at 915 or 2450 MHz), radio wave (at 13.56, 27.12 or 40.68 MHz) and magnetic field processing. In order to understand the response of food materials to electromagnetic energy, dielectric parameters must be determined as a function of frequency, temperature, composition and moisture content. In this review, the dielectric properties of different food groups were listed depending on temperature and frequency ranges. In addition to the literature data of dielectric properties, the penetration depths of microwave or radio wave through food groups were calculated. The effects of temperature and composition (mostly moisture content) on dielectric properties depend on the type of the food and sometimes on frequency. However, the effect of frequency is constant; increased frequency decreased dielectric constant, loss factor and penetration depth. The lowest calculated penetration depth belonged to the fish surimi gel as 3.39 mm at microwave frequency whereas they were high generally for fats, oily seeds and flours (max was 372602 mm for corn flour). It appears that dielectric properties of foods should be investigated further depending on the interactions between frequency, temperature and composition. And then, dielectric heating based on the aim of the process can be applied accordingly. Besides, it appears that the moisture content and especially the dipole rotation and the conductivity movements of the molecules in free water content of the food are some of the most critical factors influencing the dielectric properties of food materials.
Physico-chemical Status of Vermicompost Processed by Earthworm Specie Eisenia fetida
Authors: Ugur Senay , Ulutaş Zafer , Wahid Fazli
Published: November 2019

Huge amount of organic wastes including agricultural field wastes, food wastes, municipal solid waste and manures can be converted into a safe and usable product that can be used as a possible substitute for chemical fertilizers. In this regard, the proposed study was designed with the aim to prepare macro and micronutrients rich vermicompost from different bio-wastes that can be used as a possible substitute to chemical fertilizers for improving plant growth. A 90 days vermicomposting experiment was conducted in wooden boxes (1×1 m) containing animal manure and waste material (grasses, brewed black tea leaf and dry leaf) mixed in 3:1 ratio with a 2.5 cm thin layer of soil. The material was at the bottom of the bed and around 10.000 earthworms of Eisenia fetida were settled in the box. The boxes were irrigated by sprinkled water daily and tilled from the top once every week for maintaining aeration and proper decomposition. The vermicompost production was continued for about 90 days in each box under 21-23Â°C room temperature. The results showed that by using animal manure and waste materials, the physical parameters like moisture content was increased upto50 % on day 90. Likewise, the percent increase recorded for total N, organic N, total P and soluble K content on day 90 was maximum in the vermicompost prepared from animal manure and waste material. It can be concluded from this experiment that with the help of earthworm‘s, different field and garden residues, wastes and manures can be converted into a nutrient rich and environment friendly vermicompost that can be used as a possible substitute to chemical fertilizers for improving plant growth.
Ordu İli Halk Elinde Yetiştirilen Karayaka Koçlarının Spermatolojik Parametreleri Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Aslan Fatih Ahmet , Tozlu Çelik Hilal , Kaşko Arıcı Yeliz , Konanç Kalbiye , Kahveci Metehan Eser , Kiper İbrahim
Published: November 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı halk elinde yetiştirilen Karayaka koçlarının makroskobik ve mikroskobik spermatolojik parametrelerini saptamaktır. Koçlardan sezon dışı sperma alınamamıştır. Sezon içi ise 2-4 yaşlı Karayaka koçlarının tamamından sperma toplanmıştır (n=10). Aynı zamanda ağırlık (kg) ve skrotum çevresi de (cm) kaydedilmiştir. Toplanan spermatozoa incelendiğinde, ağırlık değişkeninin sadece pH değişkeni ile korelasyon gösterdiği görülmüştür. Ağırlık ile pH arasında hesaplanan korelasyon katsayısı -0,802 olup istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Skrotum çevresi (cm) ile mortilite (% Ölü-Canlı) arasında 0,680 olarak hesaplanan korelasyon katsayısı, özelliklerden biri artarken diğerinin de önemli derecede artış göstermektedir. Vizkozite (1-5 Arası) sadece kitle hareketi (Mass Aktivite 0-4 Arası) ile korelasyon göstermiş olup, bu ilişkinin derecesi -0,655 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sperma hacmi (ml), motilite (%) ve yoğunluk (109) ile hiçbir değişken ilişkili bulunmamıştır.
Karvakrol İlavesinin Zygosaccharomyces bailii ile Kontamine Edilmiş Elma Suyunda Bazı Fizikokimyasal ve Biyoaktif Özelliklerin Değişimi Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Karaman Kevser , Sağdıç Osman
Published: November 2019

Bu çalışmada yüksek şeker konsantrasyonuna, düşük aside, etanole ve pastörizasyon uygulamasına karşı direnç gösterebilen Z. bailii inhibisyonunda kullanılan karvakrolün, elma suyunun depolama süresi boyunca bazı fizikokimyasal ve biyoaktif özellikleri ile maya sayılarındaki değişimine olan etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla tepki yüzey yöntemi uygulanmış ve proses değişkeni olarak depolama süresi (1-41 gün), depolama sıcaklığı (4-20Â°C), pozitif kontrol olarak sodyum benzoat miktarı (%0-0,1) ve karvakrol miktarı (0-750 ppm) seçilmiştir. Elma suyu örneklerinde depolama boyunca maya canlılığına bağlı olarak fizikokimyasal özelliklerinde önemli değişiklikler meydana gelmiştir. Karvakrol miktarının artışı maya sayısında yaklaşık 7 log düzeyinde bir azalma meydana getirmiş ve meyve sularının bozulmalarını önlemiş, ancak karvakrol içermeyen örneklerde briks değeri maya faaliyeti sonucu yaklaşık %50 düzeyinde azalma göstermiş ve meyve suyu tüketilemeyecek duruma gelmiştir. Toplam fenolik madde değerleri 136,7-645,7 mg GAE/L aralığında tespit edilmiş olup en düşük toplam fenolik madde miktarı karvakrol içermeyen 11 no‘lu örnekte tespit edilmişken en yüksek değer ise en yüksek seviyede karvakrol ihtiva eden elma suyu örneğinde belirlenmiştir. Yapılan optimizasyon işlemi sonucunda örneklerin maksimum düzeyde karvakrol ilavesi ile Z. bailii‘nin bozucu faaliyetlerinin büyük ölçüde engellenebileceği görülmüştür.
¿ERA NECESARIO UN TIPO ESPECÍFICO DE COACCIONES PARA EL DELITO DE MATRIMONIO FORZADO? ANALIZANDO EL ART. 172 BIS DEL CÓDIGO PENAL.
Authors: Miranda Marta Pardo
Published: November 2019

Varios son los interrogantes jurídicos que planteó, y, sigue planteando, la incorporación del delito de matrimonio forzado en el Código penal español en la reforma de 2015 como tipo específico, y diversas las cuestiones doctrinales formuladas al respecto de esta incorporación.Este estudio se justifica en la necesidad de determinar si fue correcta la respuesta del legislador. Para ello analizo qué debe entenderse por matrimonio forzado, como requisito previo para responder sobre la necesidad de este delito específico y los problemas que puede causar en la interpretación de nuestro ordenamiento jurídico. Llegando a la conclusión, casi unánime en la doctrina, del carácter innecesario del mismo y de la posibilidad de subsunción en otros delitos ya previstos como son los delitos de coacciones o de trata de seres humanos.
RECENSIÓN A LA OBRA DERECHO AGROALIMENTARIO Y CIBERSEGURIDAD
Authors: Moreno Mozo Fernando
Published: November 2019

RECENSIÓN A LA OBRA DERECHO AGROALIMENTARIO Y CIBERSEGURIDAD. AUTORA: ESTHER MUÑIZ ESPADA. Madrid, Reus, 2019. 230 páginas.
Nauczanie prawa w gimnazjum w Brzegu w latach 1564–1792
Authors: Koredczuk Józef
Published: November 2019

The author of the article presents the circumstances of the founding of the famous Protestant gymnasium (Gymnasium Illustre) by Prince George II in Brzeg in 1564, showing the role of that school in the implementation of other reforms launched by the Prince of Brzeg and the situation in Silesia at that time. The final caesura is 1792, when teaching law in the gymnasium in Brzeg, which is the main subject of the author’s considerations, was over. The author discusses in detail the teaching of law in that school, teaching of the scheme and the importance of law in the curriculum. Moreover, the author presents the figures of people who taught law in the gymnasium in Brzeg and their official careers. Special attention is paid to James Schickfuss. The author also shows the sporadic contacts of the gymnasium in Brzeg with some Polish grammar schools and the fate of some of its graduates.
David Santillana and the expansion of civil law in Tunisia and Morocco
Authors: Edaich Said
Published: November 2019

The evolution, in its pluralistic form, is a constant characteristic of the humankind history: in fact man has successively started discoveries and restarted experiments to improve his wealth and horizons. Law, in its positivist dimension, also is subjected to this evolutionary process. Firstly, because it is a social phenomenon; secondly, because it is a necessary instrument of organization and maintenance of order. Legal systems always tend to change and innovate to meet the needs of order in societies, either for a group or for a minority. The mechanisms and tools that ensured the transition from legal dispositions to others, were often conducted by an innovative idea whose efficiency is proven, even if theoretically, and then has been publicly and officially supported. Recent legal regulations, the so-called unified, harmonized and standardized, in turn have imposed the implementation of legal techniques and concepts to accommodate the global organizational order. These changes are heavily felt because of values and specificities that express its resistance and mistrust toward the new invasive practices, especially if they come from abroad. For states the issue is about sovereignty, whereas for individuals the question is related to the identity and the sacred that united them in a political and social model.
Dyskusja na temat odpowiedzialności odszkodowawczej państwa za szkody wyrządzone przez bezprawne działania urzędników na Kongresie Prawników Niemieckich w Kilonii w 1906 roku
Authors: Adamczyk Andrzej
Published: November 2019

One of the most important legal problems discussed in the 19th century by German lawyers was that of state liability due to damages resulting from illegal acts of its officials. An influential forum of exchange of ideas was the German Association of German Jurists which organized all-German congresses to solve legal questions in order to promote German unity. Although the problem of state responsibility was discussed at some of the Association congresses in the 19th century, the most interesting was that held in Kiel in 1905. It was due to the fact that many German states had at that time legal regulations concerning state liability, but they were quite different. That generated many complications, making realization of a legal unity within the German Reich difficult. Two proposals for solving this situation were presented at the Congress in Kiel by Otto von Gierke and Rudolf von Herrnritt. Their ideas constituted bases for the discussion which followed. The paper presents the discussion on the state liability, which took place at the Congress in Kiel.
Dopuszczalność obciążenia użytkowania wieczystego służebnością przesyłu
Authors: Antoniuk Jarosław R.
Published: November 2019

The article is an analysis of the issue of admissibility of encumbering the right of perpetual usufruct of land with transmission line easement. The analysis of the existing judiciary and doctrine in this matter, conducted in the article, as well as the current regulations lead the author to the conclusion that pursuant to applicable law there are no grounds for encumbering perpetual usufruct with transmission line easement due to the binding principle of numerus clausus of encumbering rights with limited proprietary rights, with the exception of the situation of encumbering perpetual usufruct, together with buildings and facilities on the leased land which is the property of the perpetual lessee, with transmission easement. At the same time, noticing the lack of regulation of the issue by the legislator, the author considers possible solutions, which leads him to the conclusion that the legislator should expressly have indicated in the act whether transmission easement should encumber merely the right of perpetual usufruct of land or also the property leased for perpetual usufruct, which, in the opinion of the author, is a more accurate solution.
„Brexit” – konsekwencje dla obywateli Wielkiej Brytanii jako eksobywateli Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Grochalski Stefan Marek
Published: November 2019

The results of the referendum regarding the UK leaving the European Union indicated that the majority of British citizens, who are also citizens of the EU, decided to leave the European Union. The citizens’ decision has serious legal consequences arising from Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty. This is the first case of a state leaving the European Union, which raises many questions. In the presented material, the institution of referendum is being analyzed as a form of direct democracy as well as, in this context, the effects of Brexit affecting directly the citizens of Great Britain – ex-citizens of the European Union.
Bariery w przepływie pracowników na rynku wewnętrznym – stary problem w nowych odsłonach
Authors: Grzeszczak Robert
Published: November 2019

The issue of re-nationalization (disintegration and fragmentation) of integration process is manifested by the will of some of the Member States to verify their relations with the European Union. In the age of an economic crisis of the EU and in relation to the large migration of the population, there has emerged strong social and political criticism, on the European level, of the integration process, with some Member States even consideringtheir withdrawal from the EU. In those States, demands forextending the Member States’ competences in the field of some EU policies are becoming more and more popular. The legal effects of the above-mentioned processes are visible in the free movements of the internal market, mainly within the free movement of persons. Therefore, there are problems, such as increased social dumping process, the need to retain the output of the European labour law, the issue of the so-called social tourism, erosion of the meaning of the EU citizenship and the principle of equal treatment.
Cztery swobody wspólnego rynku Euroazjatyckiej Unii Gospodarczej
Authors: Szewczyk Paweł
Published: November 2019

The establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union in 2015 is a yet another step in the process of forming a common market on the territory of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Armenia and the Kyrgyz Republic. The statutory objective of the Eurasian Union is an economic integration of the member states, and, in particular, the establishment of a common market of goods, services, capital, and workforce. The Eurasian Economic Union is not a brand new integration project, but more of a continuation of activities undertaken in the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States, and also in the framework of – no longer existing – the Eurasian Economic Community. It should be noted that in 2016 the Eurasian Economic Union is prognosticated to include the Republic of Tajikistan, which will result in expansion of the common market of goods, services, capital and workforce.
Парламент или Советы: российский выбор 1918 года
Authors: Исаев Игорь А.
Published: November 2019

The article deals with one of the most important issues in the Soviet political and legal history. The choice of the political form that was established almost immediately after the victory of the Bolsheviks in the Revolution of 1917, meant a change in the direction of development of the state. Councils became an alternative to the parliamentary republic. The article analyzes the basic principles of both political systems and the reasons for such a choice. The author emphasizes transnational political direction of the so-called “direct action” which took place not only in Russia, but also in several European countries.
Funkcja kreacyjna obydwu izb Parlamentu RP jako przedstawiciela narodu
Authors: Stadniczeńko Stanisław Leszek
Published: November 2019

The author undertakes to establish the legal title to performing the creative function by the two chambers of Polish Parliament as a representative of the nation. The article describes the competence of the Sejm and the Senate as the constitutional authorities of the State that perform the creative function. The creative function of the Parliament may be considered as a result of the activities of this institution for other institutions as well as the functioning of the whole system. Voters’ crisis of confidence in the both chambers of Polish Parliament may also be understood as a crisis of its functions.
Clinical and surgical management of holocervical spinal cord ependymomas
Authors: Mckay Kevin , Attiah Mark , Niu Tianyi , Nagasawa Daniel , Patel Kunal , Gaonkar Bilwaj , Van de Wiele Barbara , Moreland Natalie , Tucker Alexander , Churchman Pedro , Batzdorf Ulrich , Macyszyn Luke
Published: November 2019

Background:

Spinal ependymomas are rare tumors of the central nervous system, and those spanning the entire cervical spine are atypical. Here, we present two unusual cases of holocervical (C1-C7) spinal ependymomas.

Case Description:

Two patients, a 32-year-old female and a 24-year-old male presented with neck pain, motor, and sensory deficits. Sagittal MRI confirmed hypointense lesions on T1 and hyperintense regions on T2 spanning the entire cervical spine. These were accompanied by cystic cavities extending caudally into the thoracic spine and rostrally to the cervicomedullary junction. Both patients underwent gross total resection of these lesions and sustained excellent recoveries.

Conclusion:

Two holocervical cord intramedullary ependymomas were safely and effectively surgically resected without incurring significant perioperative morbidity.
Evaluación in vitro de la formación de biopelículas de bacterias marinas del Caribe colombiano
Authors: López Pérez Sofia , Zea Sven , Gómez Javier
Published: November 2019

Biofilm formation is an important process for marine bacterial communities because this mechanism favors adaptation to variations in environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biofilm formation of bacteria isolated from marine sediments under in vitro conditions. For this, biofilm quantification assays were performed using two methods, violet crystal and reduction of the XTT dye; In addition, the viability of the bacteria was evaluated by Live / Dead staining. Subsequently, the strains evaluated were identified using the 16S RNA marker. The results showed that the isolates belong to the genus Bacillus, all in different ranges were able to form filmsand strains B. safensis 64181 and Bacillus sp 64186 were selected which indicated greater production of this. Tests at different temperatures showed that for the strains selected the best temperature was 28 ° C. In addition, a mixed culture was carried out with these isolates, resultingin differences in the density of the biofilm and less changes in its metabolic activity in temperature variation experiments. From the results we can infer that bacterial consortiums can favor resistance to environmental variations in biofilms formed by bacteria of the genus Bacillus.
Prediksi Ketepatan Kelulusan Mahasiswa Diploma dengan Komparasi Algoritma Klasifikasi
Authors: Maulana Muhammad Sony , Sabarudin Raja , Nugraha Wahyu
Published: November 2019

AMIK BSI Pontianak merupakan salah satu perguruan tinggi swasta yang memiliki jumlah mahasiswa yang banyak, namun dalam perjalanannya masih terdapat permasalahan yang setiap tahun nya terjadi yaitu permasalahan jumlah kelulusan mahasiswa yang tepat waktu dan terlambat. Jumlah mahasiswa yang lulus tepat waktu menjadi indikator efektifitas dari sebuah perguruan tinggi baik negeri dan swasta. Perguruan tinggi perlu mendeteksi perilaku  dari mahasiswa aktif sehingga dapat dilihat faktor yang menyebabkan mahasiswa tidak lulus tepat waktu. Pada penelitian ini, akan mengkomparasikan atau membandingkan 5 metode data mining untuk menentukan metode mana yang paling optimal dalam menentukan ketepatan kelulusan mahasiswa dengan teknik pengujian T-Test, metode yang dibandingkan adalah metode Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, K-NN, Rule Induction, dan Random Forest. Hasil dari penelitian ini menghasilkan bahwa algoritma Rule Induction dan C4.5 adalah metode yang paling optimal performanya dalam menentukan ketepatan kelulusan mahasiswa diploma AMIK BSI Pontianak
Implementasi Big Data untuk Pemodelan Estimasi Kuat Tekan Beton dengan Metode Linear Regression
Authors: Saputro Triyas Hevianto , Hermawan Arief
Published: November 2019

Saat ini perkembangan sistem informasi sangat cepat, dengan didukung oleh perkembangan teknologi. Cepatnya perkembangan teknologi ini dapat mempengaruhi dengan banyaknya data yang ada di internet. Data yang ada dapat dikelola sehingga menjadi sebuah informasi dan pola tertentu, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memprediksi pola suatu data. Beton merupakan bahan bangunan yang terbuat dari campuran semen, air dan beberapa agregat lainnya. Oleh karena itu, pengolahan dan pemanfaatan data-data yang tersedia dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi atau estimasi kuat tekan beton. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan hubungan variabel-variabel input dan output, sehingga diperoleh persamaan atau rumus tertentu yang akan digunakan estimasi kuat tekan beton. Metode yang digunakan Linear Regression dengan software Microsoft Excel. Linier Regression dengan selang kepercayaan untuk koefisien 95% didapatkan persamaan regresi untuk menghitung kuat tekan beton. Komponen X4 (water) memiliki pengaruh negatif atau berlawanan arah dengan output Y (concrete compressive strength), sedangkan komponen lainnya berpengaruh positif. Korelasi hubungan antara X1-X8 dan Y memiliki nilai 0.615464734 yang dapat diartikan memiliki hubungan kuat tekan beton 61.55% dipengaruhi oleh komponen penyusun beton dan 39.45% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain. Nilai kesalahan dari model sebesar 10.39984917 dengan observasi data sebanyak 1030.
Drug Derived Fluorescent Probes for the Specific Visualization of Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor - A Toolbox Approach
Authors: Thais Gazzi, , Brennecke Benjamin , Atz Kenneth , Korn Claudia , Sykes David , Sarott Roman C. , Westphal Matthias V. , Pfaff Patrick , Weise Marie , Mostinski Yelena , Hoare Bradley L. , Miljuš Tamara , Mexi Maira , Guba Wolfgang , Anker André , Rufer Arne C. , A. Kusznir Eric , Huber Sylwia , Raposo Catarina , Zirwes Elisabeth A. , Osterwald Anja , Pavlovic Anto , Moes Svenja , Beck Jennifer , Benito-Cuesta Irene , Grande Teresa , Drawnel Faye , Widmer Gabriella , Holzer Daniela , Wel Tom van der , Mandhair Harpreet , Saroz Yurii , Grimsey Natasha , Honer Michael , Fingerle Jürgen , Gawrisch Klaus , Romero Julian , Hillard Cecilia J. , McCormick Peter J. , Varga Zoltan V. , Stelt Mario van der , Pacher Pal , Gertsch Jürg , Ullmer Christoph , Oddi Sergio , Maccarrone Mauro , Veprintsev Dmitry B. , Carreira Erick M. , Grether Uwe , Nazare Marc
Published: November 2019

Cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) is a fundamental part of the endocannabinoid signaling system (eCB system), and is known to play an important role in tissue injury, inflammation, cancer and pain. In stark contrast to its significance, the underlying signaling mechanisms and tissue expression profiles are poorly understood. Due to its low expression in healthy tissue and lack of reliable chemical tools, CB2R visualization in live cells remains uncharted. Here we report the development of a drug derived toolbox of highly potent, CB2R-selective fluorescent probes based on reverse design. Extensive validation in several applications such as CB2R detection in flow cytometry and time-resolved imaging, and the development of a novel fluorescent-based TR-FRET assay to generate kinetic and equilibrium binding data demonstrate the high versatility of our toolbox. These probes are the first to preserve affinity and efficacy in both human and mouse CB2R, a crucial aspect for preclinical translatability, and to enable imaging of CB2R internalization in living cells using confocal microscopy.
Covalently Tethered Rhodamine Voltage Reporters for High Speed Functional Imaging in Brain Tissue
Authors: Deal Parker , Liu Pei , Al-Abdullatif Sarah , Muller Vikram , Shamardani Kiarash , Adesnik Hillel , Miller Evan
Published: November 2019

Voltage-sensitive fluorophores enable the direct visualization of membrane potential changes in living systems. To pair the speed and sensitivity of chemical synthesized fluorescent indicators with cell-type specific genetic methods, we here develop Rhodamine-based Voltage Reporters (RhoVR) that can be covalently tethered to genetically-encoded, self-labeling enzymes. These chemical-genetic hybrids feature a photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) triggered RhoVR voltage-sensitive indicator coupled to a chloroalkane HaloTag ligand through a long, water-soluble polyethyleneglycol (PEG) linker (RhoVR-Halos). When applied to cells, RhoVR-Halos selectively and covalently bind to surface-expressed HaloTag enzyme on genetically modified cells. RhoVR-Halos maintain high voltage sensitivities—up to 34% ΔF/F per 100 mV—and fast response times typical of untargeted RhoVRs, while gaining the selectivity typical of genetically encodable voltage indicators. We show that RhoVR-Halos can record action potentials in single trials from cultured rat hippocampal neurons and can be used in concert with green-fluorescent Ca2+ indicators like GCaMP to provide simultaneous voltage and Ca2+ imaging. In brain slice, RhoVR-Halos provide exquisite labeling of defined cells and can be imaged using epifluorescence, confocal, or two-photon microscopy. Using high-speed epifluorescence microscopy, RhoVR-Halos provide a read out of action potentials from labeled cortical neurons in rat brain slice, without the need for trial averaging. These results demonstrate the potential of hybrid chemical-genetic voltage indicators to combine the optical performance of small-molecule chromophores with the inherent selectivity of genetically-encodable systems, permitting imaging modalities inaccessible to either technique individually.
Emtricitabine, Tenofovir, and Rilpivirine from their degradation products Analysis by HPLC
Authors: Srikanth Kanithi  , Chebolu Naga Sesha Sai Pavan Kumar  , Thulaseedhar Alumuri
Published: November 2019

A simple, expeditious, and explicit stability-indicating High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analytical test method was developed for the quantitative analysis of Emtricitabine, Tenofovir, and Rilpivirine in bulk drugs and combined dosage formulations. Using the ICH guidelines method was validated using a C18 column of size 250 mm X 4.6 mm, 5µ, maintained at 25oC. The total run time maintained was 10 min. Acetonitrile and 0.1% TEA prepared in water adjusted with pH 3.0 was adapted as a mobile phase. The injection volume of samples was 20μL and UV-DAD detector system set at 265 nm used for UV detection. As per the ICH guidelines method was validated. The retention times were observed as 2.52, 3.27, 6.70 min for Emtricitabine, Rilpivirine, and Tenofovir disoproxyl fumarate, respectively. Linearity ranges were observed 24-56 µg/mL Emtricitabine, 3-7 µg/mL Rilpivirine and 30-70 µg/mL Tenofovir. Relative Standard Deviation not exceed 2%. In contract to the conventional method of HPLC, a method developed was able to give better resolution of swift retention times in the separation of various degradation products along with the pure active pharmaceutical ingredients. The proposed method exhibited excellent reproducibility and repeatability. The stress studies performed by following ICH guidelines indicated that the present HPLC method is explicit and stability-indicating. Since the present HPLC method has the capacity to separate the drugs with high resolution in tablet dosage forms, hence the method can be exploited for routine analysis of quality control sample and stability analysis.
Quality of life among caregivers of children with disabilities attending rehabilitation centre in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor
Authors: Fatimah Sham  , Siti Munirah Abdul Wahab  , Razif Dasiman  , Ruhaizan Kaseim  , Nurul Syafiqah Ahmad Ashari  , Nur Emalina Roslan
Published: November 2019

Quality of life (QoL) is an awareness of an individual in their situation in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns. Caregivers of children with disabilities seem to display a higher burden and impaired Quality of Life (QOL). Evaluating QOL and sources of stress among caregivers of children with disabilities is an essential for interventions focused on rehabilitation. An 82 caregivers of persons with a disability registered under Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) Centres based in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor were selected for the study. Self- administered questionnaires by using WHOQOL-BREF was used to assess the quality of life of caregivers. The mean age of the caregivers was found to be 42.45 years, with 47 (57.3%) females and 35 (42.7%) males. The mean Quality of Life of these caregivers was 74.60. The physical domain was significantly associated with education, income, occupation, and age; the psychological domain was associated with education, race, income, and age, while the environmental domain was associated with relation to caregiver education, race, income, age, and occupation. Social domain was the most affected; marital status (p-value=0.01), education (p-value=0.01), race, race (p-value=0.03), relationship with the children (p-value=0.01), income (p-value=0.01) and occupation (p-value=0.03). Income was observed to affect all the domains, and caring for the disabilities' children with health problems were the major sources of stress to the caregivers. Quality of Life among the caregivers was obviously influenced by various factors that necessity to be addressed.  Specific supports and interventions should be highlighted to benefit the caregivers to ensure the betterment of care for children with disabilities.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin derived chalcones as potent antimicrobial and antioxidant agents
Authors: Vijay Kotra  , Lean Yen Long  , Praveena Devi CHB  , Long Chiau Ming
Published: November 2019

Coumarin derivatives are important biologically active compounds with anti-cancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, anti-oxidant, anti-coagulant, anti-tubercular, anti-psychotic, and anti-malarial activities. Chalcones are the most common and simple class of aromatic five-membered heterocycles with anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, antibiotic, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, and anti-HIV activities. Based on the above literature, an attempt was made to synthesize some new styryl coumarin derived chalcones and evaluated for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Acetyl 7-methyl coumarins were synthesized from 4-methyl salicylaldehyde, which on treating with various aromatic aldehydes in the presence of alkalinemethanol yielded various coumarin chalcone derivatives. These molecules on treating with various aromatic aldehydes yielded the title compounds (SCC 1-10). The synthesized title compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR, and mass spectroscopy and screened for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Among the compounds SCC 1-10, compound SCC 7, 9, and 10 showed potent activity, and compounds 3, 4 and 8, showed moderately potent antibacterial activity.  Compounds SCC 3, 7, 9 showed potent and compounds 5, 6, and 8 showed moderately potent antifungal activity. Compounds SCC 3, 4, 7, and 9 showed potent antioxidant activity. From the results, it was concluded that the compounds bearing nitro and chloro group have shown prominent activity when compared to compounds without these groups. It was also confirmed that the groups in para position showed better activity when compared to the groups in ortho position. The above results establish the fact that styrylcoumarin fused with chalcone can be a rich source for exploitation.
Medicinal benefits of Malaysian Salads (ULAM): from old wives’ tale to scientifically proven
Authors: Norshidah Harun  , Aina Nabihah Mohd Rosdi  , Aina Amanina Abdul Jalil  , Ezzatul Raihah Pauzzi  , Normalisa Sofia Mazlan  , Dzuljalal Ikram Bin Ismail  , Nuraina Suhaila Binti Azman
Published: November 2019

Ulam is a group of traditional Malay vegetables, which is typically consumed raw and recognized as a popular dish in Malay culture. A number of previous studies have highlighted that Ulam are commonly used by the Malaysian natives in treating stomach pain. However, the findings have not yet been scientifically proven. The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of four types of Ulam, Anacardium occidentale, Solanum tarvum, Diplazium esculentum, and Euodia redlevi against three gastroenteric pathogens isolated from patients involved in gastroenteritis outbreak which were obtained from the National Public Health Laboratory, Sungai Buloh. Three methods were applied in this research. The first one was the phytochemical screening to test the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and phenols in the methanolic extracts of the four plants. The second method was determining the total phenolic content (TPC) using the Follin-Ciocalteu method and thirdly, the Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion method, to test the antimicrobial activity of all plant extracts. Phytochemical screening reveals the presence of all constituents in the four extracts. The Ulam extracts also have shown positive results in inhibiting the activity of three enteric pathogens, indicated by the presence of a zone of inhibition. The evidence from this study suggests that the four Malaysian salads (Ulam), which are commonly used by Malaysian natives as herbal remedies in treating stomach pain, does contain the bioactive compounds that are the potential to be natural antibacterial in treating gastrointestinal tract disease.
The use of crude protein extracts isolated from local edible mushrooms as an alternative remedy against bacteria-causing diarrhea
Authors: Faizan Naeem Razali  , Aliff Halil  , Ahmad Naeem Mohd Nafi  , Muhammad Alif Hakim Kamaruddin  , Muhammad Syazwan Noor Azizan  , Nazuha Affah Mohd Suldi  , Nurliyana Mohd Sobri  , Mazlin Mohideen
Published: November 2019

Antibiotics are commonly prescribed to treat various bacterial infections by inhibiting their growth. However, antibiotics cannot be administered to an individual who has an antibiotic allergy. The present study is carried out to suggest an alternative treatment for bacteria-causing diarrhea. In this study, we intent to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of crude protein extracts isolated from local edible mushrooms against bacteria-causing diarrhea. Cold aqueous extracts were isolated from selected local edible mushrooms, namely white oyster, grey oyster, white button, and brown button mushrooms. Crude proteins were obtained by ammonium sulfate precipitation at 80% and monitored through a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 280 nm. Kirby Bauer disk-diffusion method was performed to evaluate the antibacterial activity against E. coli, Salmonella sp. Vibrio cholera and Lactobacillus. The diameter of the inhibition zones were observed and recorded. Both white and grey oyster mushrooms cultivated in Taiping and Cameron Highland were significantly (n=3, p<0.05) inhibited E.coli and Salmonella sp., but least inhibition effect towards V. cholera and Lactobacillus. Meanwhile, white button mushroom was significantly (n=3, p<0.05) inhibited Salmonella sp. better, as compared to brown button mushroom. However, both were effectively killed Lactobacillus. The preliminary results suggested that all crude protein extracts were effectively inhibit the proliferation of selected bacteria-causing diarrhea, thus recommended as an alternative remedy for an antibiotic-allergy individual.
Toxicity and teratogenicity evaluation of hydroethanolic extract of momordica charantia fruit using zebrafish (DANIO RERIO) embryos model
Authors: Noor Izati Abd Aziz  , Vikneswari Perumal  , Suganya Murugesu  , Qamar Uddin Ahmed  , Bisha Fathamah Uzir  , Tavamani Balan  , Alfi Khatib
Published: November 2019

The use of zebrafish vertebrate model in vivo analysis of the drug toxicity and efficacy, chemical toxicity, and safety is increasing in recent researches. Momordica charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae) has been traditionally claimed for its many protective roles. However, the development of toxicity effect may cause morphological abnormalities by using an embryo of zebrafish (Danio Rerio) is unknown. Hence, this study was designed to determine the toxicity and teratogenic effect of hydroethanolic extract of M. charantia fruit using Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) embryos. The crude extract was prepared from the fruit of M. charantia using 80% hydroethanolic solvent. The zebrafish embryos were exposed to serial dilution of crude extract. The active constituent was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) Momordica charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae) has been widely commercialized based on traditional usage as an antidiabetic product. The current study has shown the toxic effects of the M.  charantia fruit extract on the developing zebrafish embryos, and the median lethal concentration (LC50) was calculated to be 725.90 mg/L at 48 hpt. The observed effects are dependent on the time of exposure and concentrations of the extract. At higher concentration, the extract causes some morphological defects such as less pigmentation, dented tail, spinal curvature, oedema, reduced hatchability, and growth retardation, that indicates the presence of toxicant(s). Based on the GC-MS profiling, some of the compounds identified in the hydroethanolic extract, such as propanedioic acid and glutamine, may have caused the teratogenic effects to the embryos. Further research on the M. charantia fruit's metabolites should be carried out prior to any nutraceutical or pharmaceutical application.
Estudos no âmbito do setor de extração de diamantes em Angola e seus impactos socioeconômicos (Studies on the extraction of diamonds in Angola and their socioeconomic impacts)
Authors: Daniel Cumena Jacinto Tchipa , Ferreira Neto José Alves , Silva Carvalho Alanna Eduarda , Ferreira de Souza Patrícia Aparecida
Published: November 2019

Este trabalho teve como foco o estudo do setor diamantífero em Angola, avaliando os aspetos produtivos, sua evolução bem como a relação histórica e o impacto do setor na sociedade angolana. O país é o quarto maior produtor mundial de diamante.  Analisou-se a variação da produção paralelamente à receita e o preço médio do bem mineral no país entre o ano de 2005 a 2016. Também foram analisados os aspetos produtivos da mina de Catoca, a quarta maior mina a seu aberto do mundo verificando-se a variação do teor contido, e a relação estéril-minério entre 2006 e 2015. No contexto histórico, a criação e implementação do processo Kimberley reduziu significativamente a quantidade de diamantes provenientes de áreas de conflito.  Nos próximos anos prevê-se um aumento considerável da capacidade de produção do recurso no país, com a abertura de várias minas, tendo como principal a mina do Luaxe.  A B S T R A C TThe aim of this article was the study of the diamond sector in Angola, evaluating the productive aspects, its evolution as well as its historical relation and the impact of the sector in the angolan society. The country is the world's fourth largest diamond producer. The production variation was analyzed in parallel with the revenue and the average price of the mineral good in the country between 2005 and 2016. The production aspects of the Catoca mine, the fourth largest open mine in the world, were also analyzed, as well as the variation of the contained content and the ore-waste ratio between 2006 and 2015. In the historical context, the creation and implementation of the Kimberley process, significantly reduced the amount of diamonds coming from conflict areas. In the coming years, a considerable increase in the production capacity of the resource is expected in the country, with the opening of several mines, with the main one being the Luaxe mine.Keywords: Angola; Diamond Production; Kimberley Process.