bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermosensitive Plasmonic Color Enabled by Sodium Metasurface
Authors: Zhao Yinghao , Yang Yuhan , Ji Changyin , Liang Qinghua , Fu Hanyu , Liu Xing , Zhou Lin , Li Jiafang , Wang Yang
Published: May 2023

Active plasmonic nanostructures have attracted tremendous interest in nanophotonics and metamaterials owing to the dynamically switchable capabilities of plasmonic resonances. In this study, tunable hybrid plasmon resonances (HPR) of sodium metasurfaces through heat‐initiated structural transformation is experimentally demonstrated. A HPR is formed by coupling surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) and gap plasmon resonances (GPR), whose resonant wavelengths are highly sensitive to gaseous nanogaps. By carefully manipulating the thermo‐assisted spin‐coating process and post‐thermal treatment, tuning of the HPR is achieved because of the phase transition between the antidome and nanodome structural profiles of liquid sodium inside the patterned fused silica substrates. Furthermore, the figure of merit of the heat initiated variable structure‐spectrum is demonstrated that is highly dependent on the size of the substrate patterns, based on which temperature‐sensitive plasmonic color and “invisible ink” of sodium metasurfaces are demonstrated. These findings can lead to new solutions for manipulating low‐cost and high‐performance active plasmonic devices.
Liquid Metal based Stretchable Room Temperature Soldering Sticker Patch for Stretchable Electronics Integration
Authors: Kim Minwoo , Park Jung Jae , Cho Chulmin , Ko Seung Hwan
Published: May 2023

Researchers are eagerly developing various stretchable conductors to fabricate devices for next‐generation electronics. Most of the major problems in stretchable electronics happen at the connection between rigid and soft parts and the development of reliable soldering material is a major hurdle in stretchable electronics. Though there are attempts to devise new soldering processes for integrating chips and stretchable conductors, they still possess limitations such as mechanical stability, mass production, sophisticated processes, and restricted candidates for conductors and substrates. Here, this study presents a room‐temperature universal stretchable sticker‐like soldering process that can stretchably solder multiple spots at once and directly fabricates a stretchable device in an in situ manner while a target conductor is installed on one's body. The solder developed in this research possesses high conductivity with a unique freestanding feature enabling the process. It can be elongated when directly positioned between a rigid chip and a rigid conductor, demonstrating its extraordinary stretchability. It is expected that this simple but unique stretchable soldering technique utilizing the invented solder will allow the integration of functional stretchable conductors with highly advanced rigid chips for next‐generation stretchable electronics.
Peroxisome Deficiency in Cochlear Hair Cells Causes Hearing Loss by Deregulating BK Channels
Authors: Fu Xiaolong , Wan Peifeng , Lu Ling , Wan Yingcui , Liu Ziyi , Hong Guodong , Cao Shengda , Bi Xiuli , Zhou Jing , Qiao Ruifeng , Guo Siwei , Xiao Yu , Wang Bingzheng , Chang Miao , Li Wen , Li Peipei , Zhang Aizhen , Sun Jin , Chai Renjie , Gao Jiangang
Published: May 2023

The peroxisome is a ubiquitous organelle in rodent cells and plays important roles in a variety of cell types and tissues. It is previously indicated that peroxisomes are associated with auditory function, and patients with peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs) are found to have hearing dysfunction, but the specific role of peroxisomes in hearing remains unclear. In this study, two peroxisome‐deficient mouse models (Atoh1‐Pex5−/− and Pax2‐Pex5−/−) are established and it is found that peroxisomes mainly function in the hair cells of cochleae. Furthermore, peroxisome deficiency‐mediated negative effects on hearing do not involve mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage. Although the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling is shown to function through peroxisomes, no changes are observed in the mTORC1 signaling in Atoh1‐Pex5−/‐ mice when compared to wild‐type (WT) mice. However, the expression of large‐conductance, voltage‐, and Ca2+‐activated K+ (BK) channels is less in Atoh1‐Pex5−/− mice as compared to the WT mice, and the administration of activators of BK channels (NS‐1619 and NS‐11021) restores the auditory function in knockout mice. These results suggest that peroxisomes play an essential role in cochlear hair cells by regulating BK channels. Hence, BK channels appear as the probable target for treating peroxisome‐related hearing diseases such as PBDs.
Symmetry Breaking of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (hPSCs) in Micropattern Generates a Polarized Spinal Cord‐Like Organoid (pSCO) with Dorsoventral Organization
Authors: Seo Kyubin , Cho Subin , Shin Hyogeun , Shin Aeri , Lee Ju‐Hyun , Kim June Hoan , Lee Boram , Jang Hwanseok , Kim Youngju , Cho Hyo Min , Park Yongdoo , Kim Hee Youn , Lee Taeseob , Park Woong‐Yang , Kim Yong Jun , Yang Esther , Geum Dongho , Kim Hyun , Cho Il‐Joo , Lee Sanghyuk , Ryu Jae Ryun , Sun Woong
Published: May 2023

Axis formation and related spatial patterning are initiated by symmetry breaking during development. A geometrically confined culture of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) mimics symmetry breaking and cell patterning. Using this, polarized spinal cord organoids (pSCOs) with a self‐organized dorsoventral (DV) organization are generated. The application of caudalization signals promoted regionalized cell differentiation along the radial axis and protrusion morphogenesis in confined hPSC colonies. These detached colonies grew into extended spinal cord‐like organoids, which established self‐ordered DV patterning along the long axis through the spontaneous expression of polarized DV patterning morphogens. The proportions of dorsal/ventral domains in the pSCOs can be controlled by the changes in the initial size of micropatterns, which altered the ratio of center‐edge cells in 2D. In mature pSCOs, highly synchronized neural activity is separately detected in the dorsal and ventral side, indicating functional as well as structural patterning established in the organoids. This study provides a simple and precisely controllable method to generate spatially ordered organoids for the understanding of the biological principles of cell patterning and axis formation during neural development.
Biomembrane‐inspired design of medical micro/nanorobots: From cytomembrane stealth cloaks to cellularized Trojan horses
Authors: Li Jinhua , Zhou Huaijuan , Liu Chun , Zhang Shuailong , Du Ran , Deng Yulin , Zou Xuenong
Published: May 2023

Micro/nanorobots are promising for a wide range of biomedical applications (such as targeted tumor, thrombus, and infection therapies in hard‐to‐reach body sites) because of their tiny size and high maneuverability through the actuation of external fields (e.g., magnetic field, light, ultrasound, electric field, and/or heat). However, fully synthetic micro/nanorobots as foreign objects are susceptible to phagocytosis and clearance by diverse phagocytes. To address this issue, researchers have attempted to develop various cytomembrane‐camouflaged micro/nanorobots by two means: (1) direct coating of micro/nanorobots with cytomembranes derived from living cells and (2) the swallowing of micro/nanorobots by living immunocytes via phagocytosis. The camouflaging with cytomembranes or living immunocytes not only protects micro/nanorobots from phagocytosis, but also endows them with new characteristics or functionalities, such as prolonging propulsion in biofluids, targeting diseased areas, or neutralizing bacterial toxins. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the recent advances and developments of cytomembrane‐camouflaged medical micro/nanorobots. We first discuss how cytomembrane coating nanotechnology has been employed to engineer synthetic nanomaterials, and then we review in detail how cytomembrane camouflage tactic can be exploited to functionalize micro/nanorobots. We aim to bridge the gap between cytomembrane‐cloaked micro/nanorobots and nanomaterials and to provide design guidance for developing cytomembrane‐camouflaged micro/nanorobots.
Outcomes with spinal versus general anesthesia for patients with and without preoperative cognitive impairment: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: O'Brien Kyra , Feng Rui , Sieber Frederick , Marcantonio Edward R. , Tierney Ann , Magaziner Jay , Carson Jeffrey L. , Dillane Derek , Sessler Daniel I. , Menio Diane , Ayad Sabry , Stone Trevor , Papp Steven , Schwenk Eric S. , Marshall Mitchell , Jaffe J. Douglas , Luke Charles , Sharma Balram , Azim Syed , Hymes Robert , Chin Ki‐Jinn , Sheppard Richard , Perlman Barry , Sappenfield Joshua , Hauck Ellen , Hoeft Mark A. , Karlawish Jason , Mehta Samir , Donegan Derek J. , Horan Annamarie , Ellenberg Susan S. , Neuman Mark D. ,   the REGAIN (Regional versus General Anesthesia for Promoting Independence after Hip Fracture) Investigators
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION

The effect of spinal versus general anesthesia on the risk of postoperative delirium or other outcomes for patients with or without cognitive impairment (including dementia) is unknown.

METHODS

Post hoc secondary analysis of a multicenter pragmatic trial comparing spinal versus general anesthesia for adults aged 50 years or older undergoing hip fracture surgery.

RESULTS

Among patients randomized to spinal versus general anesthesia, new or worsened delirium occurred in 100/295 (33.9%) versus 107/283 (37.8%; odds ratio [OR] 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60 to 1.19) among persons with cognitive impairment and 70/432 (16.2%) versus 71/445 (16.0%) among persons without cognitive impairment (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.71 to 1.47, p = 0.46 for interaction). Delirium severity, in‐hospital complications, and 60‐day functional recovery did not differ by anesthesia type in patients with or without cognitive impairment.

DISCUSSION

Anesthesia type is not associated with differences in delirium and functional outcomes among persons with or without cognitive impairment.
Macrocyclic β‐Sheets Stabilized by Hydrogen Bond Surrogates
Authors: Nazzaro Alex , Lu Brandon , Sawyer Nicholas , Watkins Andrew M. , Arora Paramjit S.
Published: May 2023

Mimics of protein secondary and tertiary structure offer rationally‐designed inhibitors of biomolecular interactions. β‐Sheet mimics have a storied history in bioorganic chemistry and are typically designed with synthetic or natural turn segments. We hypothesized that replacement of terminal inter‐β‐strand hydrogen bonds with hydrogen bond surrogates (HBS) may lead to conformationally‐defined macrocyclic β‐sheets without the requirement for natural or synthetic β‐turns, thereby providing a minimal mimic of a protein β‐sheet. To access turn‐less antiparallel β‐sheet mimics, we developed a facile solid phase synthesis protocol. We surveyed a dataset of protein β‐sheets for naturally observed interstrand side chain interactions. This bioinformatics survey highlighted an over‐abundance of aromatic–aromatic, cation‐π and ionic interactions in β‐sheets. In correspondence with natural β‐sheets, we find that minimal HBS mimics show robust β‐sheet formation when specific amino acid residue pairings are incorporated. In isolated β‐sheets, aromatic interactions endow superior conformational stability over ionic or cation‐π interactions. Circular dichroism and NMR spectroscopies, along with high‐resolution X‐ray crystallography, support our design principles.
Production of Pt decorated poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/ERGO/GCEas an efficient catalyst for methanol oxidation reaction
Authors: Doğru Mert Başak , Karazehir Tolga , Mert Mehmet Erman , Kardaş Gülfeza
Published: May 2023

In this study, Pt‐decorated poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) electrocatalyst was uniformly coated electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) layer on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) has been created using appropriate procedures to facilitate the implementation of the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). This multi‐layer catalyst was characterized in each production step via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive x‐ray analysis (FESEM‐EDX) morphological analysis beside the electrochemical tests. The favorable structures of both ERGO and PEDOT increase conductivity and electrocatalytic activity toward methanol oxidation, which may create a suitable matrix for Pt loading thanks to the formation of much more active centers for methanol electrooxidation. The results demonstrate that the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of Pt/PEDOT/ERGO/GCE was 39.1 m2 g−1, and it has a convenient mass activity (MA with 467 mA mg Pt−1) compared to that of commercial Pt/C. According to chronoamperometric analysis, the current density of Pt/PEDOT/ERGO/GCE was stable during the 1200 s of operation. It demonstrated remarkable stability with a final current density of 4.36 mA cm−2.
Composition analysis of post‐consumer recycled blends of linear low‐ and low‐density polyethylene using a solution‐based technique
Authors: Hashemnejad Meysam
Published: May 2023

Blends of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) are commonly used in film applications, including those made with post‐consumer recycled (PCR) film resins. The ratio of LLDPE/LDPE in PCR resins can vary based on the complexity of the waste stream, making it essential to determine their composition before incorporating them into virgin resins through mechanical recycling. In this study, we propose a quantitative analysis using a solution‐based crystallization elution fractionation (CEF) technique to determine the composition of PCR LLDPE/LDPE blends. The results were compared with those obtained by a standard differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. A series of Ziegler–Natta catalyzed LLDPE resins were blended with LDPE to establish the CEF calibration curves. The CEF calibration curves were found to be similar for 1‐butene LLDPE/LDPE and 1‐hexene LLDPE/LDPE blends. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance were used as needed to determine the type of comonomer in the LLDPE component for the DSC methodology, which varies the calibration curve. We found that the CEF and DSC techniques provide comparable results in terms of LDPE content for neat polymer blends, depending on the density of each component. However, the proposed CEF technique provides more accurate and reliable results than previously published techniques in estimating LDPE content in PCR LLDPE/LDPE blends that may contain inorganic compounds.
Protecting controversial speakers plays key role in protecting free speech
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: May 2023

Colleges and universities commonly have controversial speakers on campus, typically invited by a student organization. Student protests of controversial speakers are almost just as common. Such protests often involve students shouting down, interrupting, or engaging in disruptions that are aimed at canceling the event. These disruptions are commonly called a “heckler's veto.”
Animation generation for object transportation with a rope using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Wong Sai‐Keung , Wei Xu‐Tao
Published: May 2023

This article presents a reinforcement learning‐based approach to generate animation in which two agents use a rope to collaboratively transport a block. The challenge is that the agents need to master several skills, including approaching the block, using the rope to wrap around it, and then moving the block to a predefined goal position. We propose several reward terms to learn the transportation policy and the adjustment policy that govern the skills of the agents. Experiment results showed that the proposed approach was able to generate various animations in different settings, including rope lengths, block sizes, and block shapes. An ablation test revealed the effects of the reward terms. We also investigated factors that affected the performance of the two policies.
Mild aortic insufficiency following transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hameed Irbaz , Ahmed Adham , Kumar Ashish , Li Eric , Candelario Katherine , Khan Sumera , Kannan Amudhan , Latif Nida , Amabile Andrea , Geirsson Arnar , Williams Matthew L.
Published: May 2023

Background

Post‐procedural aortic insufficiency (AI) continues to be prevalent following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). While several studies have assessed the outcomes of moderate‐severe AI following TAVR, the incidence, predictors, and outcomes of mild AI remain unclear.

Methods

A systematic literature review was performed to identify studies reporting on mild AI following TAVR. The primary outcome was pooled incidence of post‐TAVR mild AI. Secondary outcomes included pooled incidence of mild AI at 30 days and long term. The pooled incidence of midterm mortality in patients with post‐TAVR mild AI was also evaluated. The random effect generalized linear mixed‐effects model with logit‐transformed proportions and Hartung–Knapp adjustment was used to calculate pooled incidence rates. Meta‐regression was performed to identify predictors of mild AI.

Results

The pooled analysis included 19,241 patients undergoing TAVR across 50 studies. The mean age of patients ranged from 73 to 85 years, and female patients ranged from 20.0% to 83.3%. The overall pooled incidence of post‐TAVR mild AI was 56.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31–0.64). The pooled incidence of mild AI at 30 days was 33.7% (95% CI 0.12–0.37). At mean follow‐up of 1.15 years, the pooled incidence of mild AI was 37.0% (95% CI 0.16–0.45). The overall pooled incidence of Midterm mortality (mean follow‐up 1.22 years) in patients with mild AI was 14.8% (95% CI 0.10–0.25). At meta‐regression, none of the explored variables correlated with a difference in mild AI incidence.

Conclusions

In published studies to date, 50% of patients undergoing TAVR develop mild AI postoperatively. In 37% of patients, this persists in long term. Though the incidence of AI is likely improving with newer generation TAVR valves, the prevalence and outcomes of mild AI should be closely monitored as TAVR volume and indications expand to younger patients with long life expectancy. The long‐term outcomes of mild AI remain unclear. Further dedicated studies on post‐TAVR mild AI are needed.
Mechanistic Aspects and Side Reactions during Reversible Mg Deposition and Oxygen Reduction on a Pt Film Electrode in BMP‐TFSI‐Based Electrolytes: A DEMS Study
Authors: Jusys Zenonas , Behm R. Jürgen
Published: May 2023

Reversible Mg deposition/stripping and O2 reduction/evolution on a Pt film electrode in neat and O2‐saturated 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (BMP‐TFSI) electrolytes, containing Mg(TFSI)2 and/or Mg(BH4)2 as Mg source as well as Mg(BH4)2 and/or the crown ether 18‐c‐6 as additive, were investigated by online differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) and by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersed X‐ray spectroscopy. Combined cyclic voltammetry and DEMS measurements reveal a complex network of partial reactions, including borohydride electro‐oxidation by reaction with water or O2, chemical bulk reaction of these components, as well as electro‐oxidation of H2, and electrolyte decomposition, in addition to the primary reactions Mg deposition/stripping and ORR/OER. They provide detailed insights into the potential dependent reactions occurring under these conditions, demonstrating that also the additive 18‐c‐6 undergoes decomposition upon reduction of Mg2+. Contributions from chemical bulk reactions are resolved by DEMS measurements in borohydride containing solution without a Pt electrode. Electrocatalytic borohydride oxidation, explored by similar measurements with a Pt electrode, can lead to H2 or H+ formation. Under open circuit potential conditions, charge compensation by the ORR results in the formation of a mixed potential. Consequences of these findings for applications in Mg‐air batteries are discussed.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Site‐ and Enantioselective C(sp2)‐H Borylation of Benzhydryl Ethers: Enantioselectivity Amplification by Kinetic Resolution Relay
Authors: Jing Ke , Chen Lili , Zhang Panke , Xu Senmiao
Published: May 2023

Comprehensive Summary

We herein report a simple ether‐directed iridium‐catalyzed site‐ and enantioselective C(sp2)‐H borylation of benzhydryl ethers for the first time. Various chiral benzhydryl ethers were obtained with high enantioselectivities in the presence of a tailor‐made chiral bidentate boryl ligand. We found that the kinetic resolution relay significantly amplified the enantioselectivity. The synthetic utility of the current method was demonstrated by gram‐scale C—H borylation and C—B bond transformations.
Structure‐Activity Relationships of Flupirtine Analogues for Liver Esterase‐Mediated Cleavage of the 4‐Fluorobenzylamine Moiety and Its Possible Relevance to Liver Toxicity
Authors: Beirow Kristin , Jedamzik Julia , Schulig Lukas , Wurm Konrad W. , Lemmerhirt Christian J. , Hofstetter Robert K. , Link Andreas , Bednarski Patrick J.
Published: May 2023

Flupirtine and retigabine were essential drugs to combat pain and epilepsy. However, the Kv7 potassium channel openers are fraught with hepatotoxicity and tissue discoloration, respectively, limiting their therapeutic value. Both adverse events are likely due to reactive metabolites arising from oxidative metabolism. Designing safer analogues lacking the structural elements leading to described side effects is an active area of current research. One of the main metabolites of flupirtine is the biologically inactive 4‐fluorohippuric acid. Hitherto unexplained, the proposed metabolic pathway leading to the formation of 4‐fluorohippuric acid from flupirtine is verified here. Through the use of eighteen flupirtine analogues, mechanistic details of this pathway could be elucidated. A possible connection with the in vitro hepatotoxicity of the flupirtine analogues and the levels of 4‐fluorobenzoic acid formed in enzyme incubations was examined by correlation analysis. These findings provide important information for the design of new flupirtine analogues as potential drug candidates.
The double‐edged sword effect of organizational resilience onESGperformance
Authors: Liang Lin , Li Yan
Published: May 2023

Building on conservation of resources theory, we construct a dual‐pathway approach which aims to reveal the mixed effects of organizational resilience on environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) performance. Specifically, this paper argues that organizational resilience will both stimulate innovation input, enhancing ESG performance (positive pathway) and promote strategic change, inhibiting ESG performance (negative pathway). Meanwhile, the indirect effect of organizational resilience on ESG performance via innovation input and strategic change is also moderated by industry concentration, and both indirect effects are stronger when industry concentration is low. Data of Chinese A‐share listed firms from 2010 to 2020 support the proposed theoretical framework. This study provides theoretical and managerial implications for organizational resilience research.
Large‐scale eDNA monitoring of multiple aquatic pathogens as a tool to provide risk maps for wildlife diseases
Authors: Sieber Natalie , King Alex , Krieg Raphael , Zenker Armin , Vorburger Christoph , Hartikainen Hanna
Published: May 2023

Multiple parasites and pathogens cause disease in aquatic wildlife and in aquaculture species, generating a need for monitoring and management. Conventional disease monitoring methods involve laborious, costly, and invasive capture and examination of host species, and require specialized expertise for every host and pathogen of interest. Environmental DNA could provide simultaneous occurrence data for multiple pathogens across different host taxa, valuable for using parasite diversity as, for example, a bioindicator of ecosystem disturbance. Here, we tested the potential for simultaneous detection of four wildlife pathogens in water samples from 280, mainly riverine, sites across Switzerland. We targeted the crayfish pathogen Aphanomyces astaci, the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, and the fish pathogens Saprolegnia parasitica and Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae. The eDNA detection showed a widespread distribution of A. astaci, S. parasitica, and T. bryosalmonae, although A. astaci and T. bryosalmonae were not detected in some alpine river catchments. B. dendrobatidis was detected only rarely, which was expected since the sampling did not target amphibian breeding sites. Co‐detection rates were higher in rivers than in lakes, likely reflecting the habitat preferences and distributions of the host species. We discuss the advantages and limitations of eDNA‐based pathogen monitoring and list a set of recommendations for managers. Our study illustrates how eDNA‐based techniques can monitor several pathogen species concurrently, thus facilitating more comprehensive disease monitoring schemes. Combined with metabarcoding approaches in the future, eDNA‐based sampling and detection can facilitate the incorporation of parasite and pathogen occurrence and diversity as an indicator for aquatic ecosystem health, and for revealing the hidden biodiversity and structure of parasite communities.
Bile acid‐activated receptors in innate and adaptive immunity: targeted drugs and biological agents
Authors: Cheung Kenneth C. P. , Ma Jiao , Loiola Rodrigo Azevedo , Chen Xingxuan , Jia Wei
Published: May 2023

Bile acid‐activated receptors (BARs) such as a G‐protein bile acid receptor 1 and the farnesol X receptor are activated by bile acids (BAs) and have been implicated in the regulation of microbiota‐host immunity in the intestine. The mechanistic roles of these receptors in immune signaling suggest that they may also influence the development of metabolic disorders. In this perspective, we provide a summary of recent literature describing the main regulatory pathways and mechanisms of BARs and how they affect both innate and adaptive immune system, cell proliferation, and signaling in the context of inflammatory diseases. We also discuss new approaches for therapy and summarize clinical projects on BAs for the treatment of diseases. In parallel, some drugs that are classically used for other therapeutic purposes and BAR activity have recently been proposed as regulators of immune cells phenotype. Another strategy consists of using specific strains of gut bacteria to regulate BA production in the intestine.
NS5806 reduces carrageenan‐evoked inflammation by suppressing extracellular signal‐regulated kinase activation in primary sensory neurons and immune cells
Authors: Yang Po‐Yu , Tsaur Meei‐Ling
Published: May 2023

Background

The compound NS5806 attenuates neuropathic pain via inhibiting extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) activation in neuronal somata located at the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and superficial spinal dorsal horn. NS5806 also reduces the expansion of DRG macrophages and spinal microglia several days after peripheral nerve injury, implying an anti‐inflammatory effect.

Methods

To test whether NS5806 inhibits inflammation, as a model we intraplantarly injected carrageenan into a hind paw of the rat. To examine whether NS5806 reduces carrageenan‐evoked mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and edema, as well as ERK activation in the nerve fibres, mast cells, and macrophages in the hind paw skin, we used behavioural, immunohistochemical, and cytological methods.

Results

NS5806 did not impair motor function, affect basal nociception, or cause edema in naive rats. Six hours after carrageenan injection, mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and edema appeared in the rat's ipsilateral hind paw, and all were reduced by intraplantar co‐injection of NS5806. NS5806 suppressed carrageenan‐evoked ERK activation in the peripheral axons and somata of L4 DRG neurons, as well as mast cells and macrophages in the paw skin. NS5806 also reduced carrageenan‐evoked mast cell degranulation and macrophage proliferation. NS5806 and the ERK pathway inhibitor PD98059 had a similar effect in inhibiting the proliferation of cultured RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, all the in vivo anti‐inflammatory effects of NS5806 were similar to those of PD98059.

Conclusions

Acting like an ERK pathway inhibitor, NS5806 reduces inflammation‐evoked mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and edema by suppressing ERK activation in primary sensory neurons, mast cells, and macrophages.

Significance

Previous studies show that NS5806 only acts on neurons. This report unveils that NS5806 also acts on immune cells in the skin to exert its anti‐inflammatory effects. Since NS5806 is lipid soluble for skin penetration, it suggests that NS5806 could also be developed into an anti‐inflammatory drug for external use.
A blockchain‐enabled solution to improve intra‐inter organizational innovation processes in software small medium enterprises
Authors: Gupta Chetna , Gupta Varun , Fernandez‐Crehuet Jose Maria
Published: May 2023

Besides the substantial advantages of adopting information and communication technologies (ICTs), software small medium enterprises (SSMEs) face major challenges largely connected to knowledge sharing, security, and management of data and information. The objective of this paper is to propose a platform backed with the advantages of blockchain technologies, allowing intra‐ and inter‐organizational knowledge and information sharing in SSMEs without losing control and ownership. Blockchain technology has the potential to bring about significant improvements in enhancing business models and processes wherein the authenticity of data is provided by smart contracts at every access point in a distributed information cycle in a transparent manner. The findings will support businesses in enhancing information flow, innovation, and competitive advantage in the current dynamic market. Unlike existing studies, which merely discuss the broader use of blockchain technology in the SSME domain, this paper provides a fresh promising direction in transforming SSMEs digitally.
Public health partner authorities—How a health in all policies approach could support the development of a wellbeing economy
Authors: Porcelli Amy , D'Onise Katina , Pontifex Katherine
Published: May 2023

Issue Addressed

Collaboration and partnerships across sectors are critical to the realisation of a wellbeing economy. Wellbeing SA—a government agency in South Australia—utilises a partnership mechanism under the state's public health legislation to achieve collaborative action for improved population health and wellbeing: Public Health Partner Authorities (PHPAs).

Methods

The establishment and implementation of PHPAs draws strongly on the principles and practices of South Australia's Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach. This includes the utilisation of cross‐sectoral partnerships to facilitate the implementation of co‐design and co‐benefits principles to deliver policies that support improved population health and wellbeing, while simultaneously delivering other societal benefits. Partnerships also facilitate the sharing of knowledge and resources, and the creation of joint solutions to complex policy issues.

Results

PHPAs have been reported to offer a valuable, evidence‐based and practical mechanism for embedding key concepts of wellbeing into the policies, practices and programs of other sectors, and provide the potential as one important tool for the formation of a wellbeing economy.

Conclusions

The achievement of a wellbeing economy is dependent on collaboration within and between sectors, and through strong community engagement. Developing a joint and inclusive understanding of wellbeing and its importance as a societal goal is critical, and can only be achieved through collaborative approaches. The implementation of PHPAs in South Australia has demonstrated the importance of partnerships to address complex issues across sectors, and has identified key elements to successful partnerships.

So What?

South Australia's experience in implementing PHPAs and HiAP has demonstrated how health promotion practice, policy and research that incorporate successful partnerships can support high quality, effective intersectoral collaboration for the benefit of citizens, including some lessons that may be worth considering in the development and realisation of a wellbeing economy.
Machine‐learning model to delineate sub‐surface agricultural drainage from satellite imagery
Authors: Redoloza Fleford S. , Williamson Tanja N. , Headman Alexander O. , Allred Barry J.
Published: May 2023

Knowing subsurface drainage (tile‐drain) extent is integral to understanding how landscapes respond to precipitation events and subsequent days of drying, as well as how soil characteristics and land management influence stream response. Consequently, a time series of tile‐drain extent would inform one aspect of land management that complicates our ability to explain streamflow and water‐quality as a function of climate variability or conservation management. We trained a UNet machine‐learning model, a convolutional neural network designed to highlight objects of interest within an image, to delineate tile‐drain networks in panchromatic satellite imagery without additional data on soils, topography, or historical tile‐drain extent. This was done by training the model to match the accuracy of human experts manually tracing the surface representation of tile drains in satellite imagery. Our approach began with a library of images that were used to train and quantify the accuracy of the model, with model performance tested on imagery from two areas that were not used to train the model. Satellite imagery included acquisition dates from 2008 to 2020. Training imagery was from agricultural areas within the US Great Lakes basin. Validation imagery was from the upper Maumee River, tributary to western Lake Erie, and an Indiana, Ohio‐River headwater tributary. Our analysis of the satellite imagery paired with meteorological and soil data found that during spring, a combination of relatively high solar radiation, intermediate soil‐water content and bare fields enabled the best model performance. Each area of interest was heavily tile‐drained, where better understanding the movement of water, nutrients, and sediment from fields to downstream water bodies is key to managing harmful algal blooms and hypoxia. The trained UNet model successfully identified tile drains visible in the validation imagery with an accuracy of 93%–96% and balanced accuracy of 52%–54%, similar to performance for training data (95% and 63%, respectively). Model performance will benefit from ongoing contributions to the training library.
Measuring Quantitative Cerebral Blood Flow in Healthy Children: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Techniques
Authors: Zhao Moss Y. , Tong Elizabeth , Duarte Armindo Rui , Woodward Amanda , Yeom Kristen W. , Moseley Michael E. , Zaharchuk Greg
Published: May 2023

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is an important hemodynamic parameter to evaluate brain health. It can be obtained quantitatively using medical imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography (PET). Although CBF in adults has been widely studied and linked with cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, CBF data in healthy children are sparse due to the challenges in pediatric neuroimaging. An understanding of the factors affecting pediatric CBF and its normal range is crucial to determine the optimal CBF measuring techniques in pediatric neuroradiology. This review focuses on pediatric CBF studies using neuroimaging techniques in 32 articles including 2668 normal subjects ranging from birth to 18 years old. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus and reported following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA). We identified factors (such as age, gender, mood, sedation, and fitness) that have significant effects on pediatric CBF quantification. We also investigated factors influencing the CBF measurements in infants. Based on this review, we recommend best practices to improve CBF measurements in pediatric neuroimaging.

Level of Evidence

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
The research on temperature rising model and design optimization of heater in cell device
Authors: Li Haohao , Deng Yin , Wu Bo , Zuo Xiongcan
Published: May 2023

Theoretical models of temperature assessment are important to design a product in a low‐temperature field, and they can be used to predict the heating effects and optimize temperature uniformity to improve the display performance. In this paper, equations and finite element analysis model between temperature and time were built by heat transfer theory and experimental data. The errors between the calculated results of two models and the values measured in the lab are within ±1.5°C. The temperature uniformity was promoted by the results of Python simulation based on the finite element analysis model. Both two models could take on guidance for product design.
Cyanobacteria as a potential bioasset for restoring degraded land
Authors: Hooda Sunila , Malik Garima , Saini Poorvi , Grewall Ananya , Pandey Vimal Chandra
Published: May 2023

Degradation and pollution of land resources is a severe issue worldwide. Rapid urbanization and increased food demand have necessitated the restoration of degraded and highly contaminated land resources in a sustainable manner. The role of soil microorganism in maintaining nutrient balance, texture, fertility, and soil health is widely acknowledged. Cyanobacteria, one of the major components of soil microbiota, have been explored for their role as biofertilizers in improving plant growth and increasing soil fertility; however, less attention has been paid to their potential in restoring degraded lands. Cyanobacteria aids in nutrient cycling, production of plant growth‐promoting substances, desalination, and degradation of diverse organic as well as inorganic contaminants. They use diverse mechanisms for bioremediation (such as biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biotransformation) of contaminants in addition to the specific mechanism employed. They occur in symbiotic relationships with various hosts in natural as well as anthropogenically disturbed environments. Therefore, their use in restoration of highly degraded lands is justified and needs to be recognized worldwide. Identifying and exploring cyanobacterial species thriving in stress conditions and multiomics approaches would help in reconnoitering the complex plant–soil‐cyanobacteria interactions and enable scientists to design robust and well‐integrated biotechnological tools for soil remediation. Nevertheless, several technical challenges need to be addressed for rendering cyanobacteria as a realistic and viable bioasset. In this article, we summarize the role of cyanobacteria in addressing the reclamation of various types of degraded and polluted soils. And, it also examines the remaining knowledge gaps that limit its applicability in diverse environmental settings in a sustainable manner.
Recent Progress in Preparing Nonwoven Nanofibers via Needleless Electrospinning
Authors: Lee Jaeyu , Moon Seongjun , Lahann Joerg , Lee Kyung Jin
Published: May 2023

Electrospinning has received a lot of attention in recent years because it can create nonwoven nanofiber webs with high surface area and porosity. However, the typical needle and syringe‐based electrospinning systems feature poor productivity that has limited their usefulness in the industrial field. Here, current developments in the creation of nanofibers employing nonconventional electrospinning methods, such as needleless electrospinning and syringeless electrospinning, are examined. These alternate electrospinning techniques, which are dependent on numerous polymer droplets of varied shapes, have the potential to match the productivity required for industry‐scale manufacturing of nanofibers. Additionally, they make it possible to produce nanofibers that are difficult to spin using traditional techniques, like electrospinning of colloidal suspensions.
Mechanistic advances in osteoporosis and anti‐osteoporosis therapies
Authors: Wang Haiwei , Luo Yuchuan , Wang Haisheng , Li Feifei , Yu Fanyuan , Ye Ling
Published: May 2023

Osteoporosis is a type of bone loss disease characterized by a reduction in bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue. With the intensification of global aging, this disease is now regarded as one of the major public health problems that often leads to unbearable pain, risk of bone fractures, and even death, causing an enormous burden at both the human and socioeconomic layers. Classic anti‐osteoporosis pharmacological options include anti‐resorptive and anabolic agents, whose ability to improve bone mineral density and resist bone fracture is being gradually confirmed. However, long‐term or high‐frequency use of these drugs may bring some side effects and adverse reactions. Therefore, an increasing number of studies are devoted to finding new pathogenesis or potential therapeutic targets of osteoporosis, and it is of great importance to comprehensively recognize osteoporosis and develop viable and efficient therapeutic approaches. In this study, we systematically reviewed literatures and clinical evidences to both mechanistically and clinically demonstrate the state‐of‐art advances in osteoporosis. This work will endow readers with the mechanistical advances and clinical knowledge of osteoporosis and furthermore present the most updated anti‐osteoporosis therapies.
Investigation of the Antiviral Effects of Saussurea lappa Root Extract against SARS‐CoV‐2 Virus
Authors: Ulbegi Polat Hivda , Serhatli Müge , Taş Ekiz Arzu , Abaci İrem , Aksoy Özge , Çakirca Gamze , Tekin Şaban , Al‐Zendani Abdulmajeed Aziz Hamoud , Al‐Zendani Mohammed Abdulmajeed Aziz , Korkmaz Ömer , Peru Celalettin
Published: May 2023

Scope

The purpose of this study was to look into the antiviral activity of a plant extract derived from the roots of the Saussurea lappa as a food supplement against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.

Methods and results

Vero E6 cells are employed in the study to test the neutralizing effect of Saussurea lappa extract against the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. For anti‐viral activity detection, a sensitive real‐time cell analyzer (xCELLigence RTCA) with a high repetition rate is used. A challenge experiment in mice is planned as a result of the in vitro analysis. A challenge test against SARS‐CoV‐2 is performed with 10 adult female K18‐hACE2 transgenic mice in each group for this purpose. The mice in the S. lappa Group are gavaged 2 days before the virus is administered intranasally (i.n.). The control group received PBS instead of the extract. SARS‐CoV‐2 virus is administered i.n. under anesthesia for the first 3 days of the experiment, and S. lappa extract was administered by gavage in the afternoon. On the 10th day, mice in the S. lappa group survived the study, whereas animals in the control group grew ill and/or died. In this study, the extract protects the mice against the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in 90% of the cases.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that the Saussurea plant has antiviral effects against SARS‐CoV‐2 in vitro and in animal models.
A linear convex splitting scheme for the Cahn–Hilliard equation with a high‐order polynomial free energy
Authors: Lee Seunggyu , Yoon Sungha , Kim Junseok
Published: May 2023

In this article, we present an unconditionally energy stable linear scheme for the Cahn–Hilliard equation with a high‐order polynomial free energy. The classical Cahn–Hilliard equation does not satisfy the maximum principle; hence the order parameter can be shifted out of the minimum values of the double‐well potential. We adopt a high‐order polynomial potential to diminish this effect and employ the efficient linear convex splitting scheme. Since the stabilizing factor gradually increases as the degree of potential becomes greater, we modify a non‐physical part of potential as a fourth‐order polynomial to reduce the stabilizing factor. Numerical results as well as theoretical results demonstrate the accuracy and energy stability of our method. Furthermore, we verify that some limitations arising from applications of the classical Cahn–Hilliard model can be resolved by adopting a high‐order free energy.
A biocultural study of nasal fracture, violence, and gender using 19th–20th century skeletal remains from Portugal
Authors: Magalhães Bruno M. , Mays Simon , Stark Sarah , Santos Ana Luísa
Published: May 2023

Nasal fracture is usually described as the most common type of fracture of the facial bones, either alone or associated with other fractures. This work aims to study the nasal fracture among Portuguese individuals from the 19th and 20th centuries. The focus is on patterning in trauma in relation to gender and in the attempt to distinguish violent from accidental injury. The sample comprises 2023 (52.6% males, 47.4% females) individuals from three Portuguese identified skeletal collections who were born between 1804 and 1951 and died between 1895 and 1969. Age at death ranges between 1 and 109 years old. Nasal and other facial fractures were studied, and violent versus accidental trauma were distinguished following Magalhães et al. (2020). Nasal fracture was more frequent in males (10.4%, 101/969) than in females (5.9%, 47/800). This was true both for fracture inferred due to violence (laterally deviated fracture) and due to accident. Sixty‐one point five percent (91/148) of the individuals show a lateral impact force deviation. Comminutions correspond to 18.4% (26/141) of the total, and 12.8% (19/148) have other facial fractures. There is no association between nasal fracture and risk of death for both sexes, but the males seem to show a higher tendency for nasal fracture earlier in life than the females. The differences of nasal fracture between sexes are in accordance with the historical data showing that men had more social and cultural opportunities to engage in violent encounters. Although the percentage in women is lower, the majority of laterally deviated noses and isolated, non‐comminuted nasal fractures in both sexes show that interpersonal violence may have played an important role in the results.
Body weight and fat trajectories of Black and White women in the first postpartum year
Authors: Wang Xuewen , Kishman Erin E. , Liu Jihong , Castleberry Lauren A. , McLain Alexander , Sparks Joshua R. , Cook James W.
Published: May 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine changes in body weight and fat in Black and White women during the first postpartum year and to determine whether there is preferential retention of fat mass and abdominal fat.

Methods

Body composition was quantified by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry in Black (n = 49) and White (n = 85) women at 6 to 8 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after delivery of a singleton infant.

Results

Weight, fat mass, percent body fat, and fat in the trunk, android, gynoid, and limb regions decreased from 6 to 8 weeks to 12 months in White women, but not in Black women (fat mass, adjusted mean [SE]: 29.6 [1.3] to 26.9 [1.3] kg in White women and 34.5 [1.5] to 36.8 [1.8] kg in Black women). In the entire sample, fat mass was higher at 6 months than at 6 to 8 weeks, independent of weight change; visceral fat was higher at 12 months (686 [45] g) than at 6 to 8 weeks (611 [42] g) and 6 months (626 [43] g); and android fat was higher at 12 months than at 6 months, independent of fat change.

Conclusions

Black women were less likely than White women to lose weight and fat in the postpartum period. There was preferential retention of fat in the abdominal area.