bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UNIFYING ANALYSES OF MULTIPLE RESPONSES.
Authors: AURREKOETXEA Gotzon , NERBONNE John , RUBIO Jesus
Published: July 2020

In dialectology we often encounter irreducible variation in its data, i.e., multiple responses to its probes about the form of a word or phrase. Dialectometry seeks to measure the differences between dialects and has developed several ways to measure the difference between responses when one or both of them is non-unique. We introduce here BILBAO DISTANCE, where the cardinality of response is unimportant, which may be combined with various weighting functions such as edit distance or inverse frequency weighting, and which yields intuitively appealing measures, e.g., when applied to a singleton set {a} and a set with the same element plus a second, yields d({a},{a,b}) = 0.5. It overcomes flaws in earlier proposals and is conceptually simpler and computationally more efficient to apply than earlier measures. We suspect that its results satisfy the metric axioms, as it is certainly symmetric and measures the difference between identical sets as zero.
Del transporte de emigrantes a los cruceros turísticos. Las navieras transatlánticas de pasaje en la Europa de la segunda posguerra mundial: el caso español (1945-1960)
Authors: Cerchiello Gaetano
Published: July 2020

Este ensayo pretende abordar la evolución estratégica de las navieras transatlánticas de pasaje durante los quince años siguientes a la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Se centra en una etapa muy convulsa de un negocio naviero que se basaba principalmente en la demanda de emigración. Durante el período objeto de estudio, las líneas marítimas transoceánicas pasaron rápidamente de una fase de fuerte dinamismo a otra de incipiente declive. La investigación persigue dos objetivos básicos: analizar los cambios que se producen en los servicios de línea y profundizar en la oferta crucerística, prestando especial atención al mercado español. El escrito incluye una novedosa estimación del tráfico de cruceros durante la década de los cincuenta, tomando como referencia el puerto de Barcelona. La metodología de trabajo se ha basado en el análisis de las crónicas portuarias del diario La Vanguardia, junto al manejo del material publicitario recopilado en varias hemerotecas virtuales. Todo ello permite destacar algunos aspectos importantes, como la clara autonomía del crucerismo con respecto a la tendencia general del turismo internacional.
La importancia del sector del aguardiente en la vitivinicultura catalana de los siglos XVIII y XIX
Authors: Colomé-Ferrer Josep , Ferrer Alòs Llorenç
Published: July 2020

Desde fines del siglo XVII la producción y exportación de aguardientes constituyó uno de los sectores más dinámicos de la economía catalana. A fines del siglo XVIII este comercio entró en crisis y cedió el protagonismo a las exportaciones de vino común. A lo largo del artículo, defendemos la hipótesis que el relevo fue posible gracias a una nueva vinicultura, producto de los avances de la química, que facilitó, por un lado, los instrumentos necesarios para la conservación de los vinos, y, en segundo lugar, la elaboración de vinos adaptados a los diferentes mercados gracias a los coupages y vinos de imitación. Fue en este marco en el que la producción de aguardiente volvió a jugar un papel fundamental para el encabezamiento de los vinos que se destinaban a la exportación y para todo tipo de coupages e imitaciones, para las que resultaba un ingrediente indispensable.
Qui decideix sobre la música a l’escola? Investigant l’equilibri entre perfils professionals i projectes escolars.
Authors: Sambola Anna Ma. , Casals Albert
Published: July 2020

This article reflects on the figure of the music teacher in the design of the school subject music education and as part of primary education mission statements and plans. In this qualitative case study of Joan Juncadella school in Barcelona, the data was collected through a literature review and interviews and observations of music classes and classes in other subjects, during the course of one school year. The data was contrasted with data from the two other primary schools in Barcelona: Nabí and Els Encants. The findings suggest that when specialist (music) teachers have a stable position as members of teaching staff, this has an important influence on the focus of music education that may be even more noticeable than the influence of teachers on the school’s general methodological approach.
Modernitat i classicisme en l'art filosòfic de Giorgio de Chirico.
Authors: Di Giacomo Giuseppe
Published: July 2020

The essay shows how the modernity of Giorgio de Chirico's art – a modernity in the sense described by Theodor W. Adorno in Aesthetic Theory – consists precisely in how de Chirico summarizes traditional art, which for him is synonymous with classical art. In de Chirico's work, paradoxically, the traits that characterize traditional art are at the same time adopted and denied. In particular, the essay focuses on the painter’s Metaphysical period, where the elements of ruin, interruption and fracture become paramount and where the unreal breaks into reality in order to dismantle it. The form of de Chirico’s painting is a genuine testimony to the irredeemable fragmentation of reality. Thus, if the classical world is, par excellence, the place of the Symbol – the place where meaning emerges at its most densely significant – then in de Chirico such a world has finally become mute: hence that disconnection between signifier and meaning that gives de Chirico's form its irreducible enigmatic character: the awareness that meaning can only be evoked in the form of absence and loss.
El telèfon mòbil: Dimensió i recurs educatiu. Treballar amb imatges en el context de les arts visuals.
Authors: Mascarell Palau David
Published: July 2020

This text is part of the doctoral thesis ICT in the university teacher education. The mobile phone in the Teaching of Artistic Expression at the Faculty of Pedagogy at the Universitat de València (2017a). It offers a many-faceted view of the mobile phone – its dimension, evolution, social and historical function – and explores the opportunities that this device brings in an educational and artistic context through Mobile Learning. From the perspective of the Visual Arts, our interest lies in working through images and offering alternative work proposals. The theory related to Mobile Learning is presented, underlining the benefits that mobile and ubiquitous learning can represent today. The teaching opportunities that we must promote in the classrooms of the 21st century are assessed in terms of their relevance and appropriateness in the social and technological reality that surrounds us.
Estimation of dislocated phases in wavefronts through intensity measurements using a Gerchberg–Saxton type algorithm
Authors: Asokan S. , Ameen Yasir P. A. , Solomon Ivan J.
Published: July 2020

Estimation of the phase of a singular paraxial light field from experimentally measured intensities using a Gerchberg–Saxton type algorithm is demonstrated. A combination of cylindrical lenses which does not conserve the orbital angular momentum of the light field is used in obtaining the measured intensities. Consistent extraction of the phases in regard of the orbital angular momentum is demonstrated both at the input and output transverse planes, using the measured intensities.
Next-generation on-chip plasmonic tweezer with a built-in light source
Authors: Khorami Ali Asghar , Moravvej-Farshi Mohammad Kazem , Darbari Sara
Published: July 2020

We are proposing next-generation lab-on-a-chip plasmonic tweezers with a built-in optical source that can be activated electrically. The building block of these tweezers is composed of an Au/p+-InAs/p+-AlAs0.16Sb0.84 Schottky diode, with a circular air-hole opened in the Au layer. Under an appropriate forward bias, the interband optical transitions in InAs, acting as a built-in optical source that can excite the localized surface plasmons (LSPs) around the edge of the hole. Numerical simulations show that the LSPs mode penetrates a chamber that is filled with water and electrically isolated from the top gold layer, providing the gradient force components desired for trapping the target nanoparticles suspended in the water. Moreover, we show that tweezers with air-holes of radius 90 nm under an applied bias of −1.6 V, can trap polystyrene nanoparticles of radius as small as 93 nm. The proposed structure provides a new platform for developing the next-generation compact on-chip plasmonic tweezers with no need for any external optical pump.
Stratification of the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Heart Rate Variability Parameters in Elderly Women at Rest
Authors: Materko Wollner , Freires Fernandes Daianne , Pereira da Silva Pena Francineide
Published: July 2020

Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is frequent and associated with high cardiovascular mortality. The purpose of the present study was to stratify the T2DM using a logistic model based on parameters derived from heart rate variability (HRV). This study was designed as a cross-sectional study of consisted of thirty elderly women subjects 60 to 70 yrs of age with diagnosed with T2DM (N = 15) and healthy (N = 15). All subjects were instructed to lie in the supine position for 5 min at rest while breathing normally with a heart rate monitor Polar RS810 working at a sampling rate of 1000 Hz was used to record RR intervals (RRi). The HRV analysis in the time domain was performed to obtain the classical parameters pNN50, SDNN, RMSSD and MeanRRi and, subsequently, re-sampling procedure to bootstrapping based on 1000 samples. The model for predicting T2DM was obtained by backward stepwise multivariate logistic regression assuming as independent variable MeanRRi. This model presented 0.80 positive predictive value, 0.73 negative predictive value and 0.76 total accuracy. In conclusion, the use of the proposed MeanRRi parameter measured at rest seems to be able to stratify the T2DM in elderly women. The benefits of HRV monitoring the severity of T2DM should be potential as a reliable and non-invasive.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence to Cryptography
Authors: Blackledge Jonathan , Mosola Napo
Published: July 2020

This paper considers some recent advances in the field of Cryptography using Artificial Intelligence (AI) It specifically considers the applications of Machine Learning (ML) and Evolutionary Computing (EC) concepts used to generate ciphers. A short overview is given on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and the principles of Deep Learning (DL) using Deep ANNs.  In this context, the paper considers: (i) the implementation of EC and ANNs to generate unique and unclonable ciphers; (ii) ML strategies for detecting the genuine randomness (or otherwise) of binary streams for applications in Cryptanalysis.  The paper aims to provide an overview on how AI can be applied for encrypting data and undertaking cryptanalysis of such data and other encrypted data classes in order to assess the cryptographic strength of an encryption algorithm. For example, to detect patterns of intercepted data streams that are signatures of encrypted data. An application is presented which includes authentication of high-value documents such as bank notes, using smartphones.  Using an antenna of a smartphone to read (in the near field) an embedded flexible integrate circuit with a non-programmable coprocessor, ultra-strong encrypted information can be used on-line for validation.
Homogeneous Finsler spaces with exponential metric
Authors: Shanker Gauree , Kaur Kirandeep
Published: July 2020

We prove the existence of an invariant vector field on a homogeneous Finsler space with exponential metric, and we derive an explicit formula for the S-curvature of a homogeneous Finsler space with exponential metric. Using this formula, we obtain a formula for the mean Berwald curvature of such a homogeneous Finsler space.
Optimal control of timed event graphs with resource sharing and output-reference update
Authors: Schafaschek Germano , Hardouin Laurent , Raisch Jörg
Published: July 2020

Timed event graphs (TEGs) are a subclass of timed Petri nets that model synchronization and delay phenomena, but not conflict or choice. We consider a scenario where a number of TEGs share one or several resources and are subject to changes in their output-reference signals. Because of resource sharing, the resulting overall discrete event system is not a TEG. We propose a formal method to determine the optimal control input for such systems, where optimality is in the sense of the widely adopted just-in-time criterion. Our approach is based on a prespecified priority policy for the TEG components of the overall system. It builds on existing control theory for TEGs, which exploits the fact that, in a suitable mathematical framework (idempotent semirings such as the max-plus or the min-plus algebra), the temporal evolution of TEGs can be described by a set of linear time-invariant equations.
China und Hongkong am Scheideweg
Authors: Cantoni Davide
Published: July 2020

Die andauernden Demonstrationen in Hongkong, die als Proteste gegen eine Änderung des Auslieferungsgesetzes begannen, haben sich zu einer umfassenden Demokratie- und Freiheitsbewegung ausgeweitet. In Festlandchina gab es dagegen in den vergangenen drei Jahrzehnten keine flächendeckenden Unruhen. Davide Cantoni, der auf der Tagung des Vereins für Socialpolitik 2019 in Leipzig mit dem Hermann-Heinrich-Gossen-Preis ausgezeichnet wurde, hat dort in einem „Keynote speech“ anhand aktueller Forschungsbeispiele dargelegt, wie es dem chinesischen Staat gelingt, mit Wirtschaftswachstum, Zensur und Propaganda die Demokratiebestrebungen gering zu halten. Auf der Leipziger Rede fußt dieser Beitrag. Für Hongkong zeigt Cantoni, welche Einstellungen, Überzeugungen und Präferenzen die Teilnehmer der politischen Bewegung der vergangenen Jahre aufweisen.
The archaeology of Afghanistan revisited
Authors: Meharry J. Eva
Published: July 2020

The discipline of archaeology in Afghanistan was at a turning point when the original editions of The archaeology of Afghanistan and the Archaeological gazetteer of Afghanistan were published in 1978 and 1982, respectively. The first three decades of modern archaeological activity in Afghanistan (1920s–1940s) were dominated by French archaeologists who primarily focused on the pre-Islamic past, particularly the Buddhist period. Following the Second World War, however, Afghanistan gradually opened archaeological practice to a more international community. Consequently, the scope of archaeological exploration expanded to include more robust studies of the prehistoric, pre-Islamic and Islamic periods. In the 1960s, the Afghan Institute of Archaeology began conducting its own excavations, and by the late 1970s, national and international excavations were uncovering exciting new discoveries across the country. These archaeological activities largely halted as Afghanistan descended into chaos during the Soviet-Afghan War (1979–1989) and the Afghan Civil War (1989–2001); the Afghan Institute of Archaeology was the only archaeological institute continuing operations. The original editions of the volumes under review were therefore timely and poignant publications that captured the peak of archaeological activity in twentieth-century Afghanistan and became classic texts on the subject.
ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND FLAVOR PRESERVED HAZELNUT EXTRACT, MACERATION AND SC-CO2 EXTRACTION AND COMPARISON OF EXTRACTION METHODS
Authors: BARLA DEMİRKOZ Aslı , KARAKAŞ Melis , BAYRAMOĞLU Pelin , UNER Melike
Published: July 2020

In this study, Tombul type hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) were extracted by supercritical carbondioxide (SC-CO2) extraction and maceration method. The extraction yielded in 8.5% by SC-CO2 extraction when 0.84% by maceration. Extracted hazelnuts were analyzed by Dynamic Headspace Analysis/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and 24 volatile compounds were detected after SC-CO2 method while 41 compounds were detected after maceration. Flavour and antioxidant value preserved Hazelnut extract by SC-CO2 technique showed better radical scavenging ability in 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) than the one by maceration. Antioxidant activities of the extracts obtained by SC-CO2 (12.35±0.06 μg/mL) and by maceration (8.79±0.23 μg/mL) had a medium impact compared with the synthetic antioxidant standards (P< 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the total phenolic contents of the hazelnut extracts obtained by SC-CO2 method and by maceration (P < 0.05). As a result, SC-CO2 technique for extraction of Tombul type hazelnuts was concluded to be more beneficial and suitable compared to maceration technique.
LYTIC BACTERIOPHAGES EFFECTIVE AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7, A FOODBORNE PATHOGEN
Authors: SAKİN ŞAHİN Tuba , URGANCI Nida , YILDIRIM Zeliha
Published: July 2020

Bacteriophages are considered as alternative antibacterial agents in the food industry and phage therapy due to the widespread of multidrug-resistant pathogen bacteria. The objective of this study was to isolate lytic bacteriophages target to foodborne pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7. For screening of bacteriophages, 51 samples were collected from sewage, wastewaters of fish farms, slaughterhouses and food factories, and 18 bacteriophages were isolated. The titer of the purified phages samples were changed among 1.7×104-1.02×108 PFU/ml. All of the isolated phages had lytic activity against E. coli O157:H7 strains and thus formed clear plaques. Four of 18 phages were found to have inhibitory effects against other E. coli strains including CFAI, ATCC 25922 and DSα in addition to E. coli O157:H7. It was observed that only two phages were infective against Salmonella Kentucky DMC35. The Eco-OH-phages were highly infection ability with EOP values from 0.5 to 0.1 against E. coli O157:H7 strains.
Art and Ethnic Studies
Authors: Díaz Jazz
Published: July 2020

Jazz Díaz is an activist artist (artivist) who combines Art and Ethnic Studies. She describes her political consciousness and decolonizing process in navigating Western-centric art spaces. She highlights critical themes that her artwork addresses, and the essay includes examples of her work.
Situating Native American Studies and Red Feminisms
Authors: Lee-Oliver Leece M.
Published: July 2020

This essay aims to show that serious and robust engagement with Native American Studies and Red feminist research, methods, and theories contribute to the epistemological core of Ethnic Studies and produce new and important understandings of phenomenology, resistance, coloniality, and structures. Native American Studies and Red feminism are situated in relationship to Ethnic Studies and Feminist Studies to question the ongoing necessity of Native American scholars to occupy academic spaces. Ultimately, this paper illustrates how Native American Studies and Red feminism offer inroads to understanding the matrix of coloniality and the systematic efforts of Native American scholars, including Red feminists, to arrive at an Ethnic Studies that works for the people and serves in efforts to achieve social justice and Native American sovereignty simultaneously.
Membrane trafficking directed by VAMP2 and syntaxin 3 in uterine epithelial cells
Authors: Kalam Sadaf N , Cole Louise , Lindsay Laura , Murphy Christopher R
Published: July 2020

Luminal uterine epithelial cells (UEC) have a surge in vesicular activity during early uterine receptivity. It has been predicted these vesicles exit the UEC via exocytosis resulting in secretion and membrane trafficking. The present study investigated the changes in SNARE proteins VAMP2 (v-SNARE) and syntaxin 3 (t-SNARE) localisation and abundance in UECs during early pregnancy in the rat. We found VAMP2 and syntaxin 3 are significantly higher on day 5.5 compared to day 1 of pregnancy. On day 5.5, VAMP2 is perinuclear and syntaxin 3 is concentrated in the apical cytoplasm compared to a cytoplasmic localisation on day 1. This change in localisation and abundance show VAMP2 and syntaxin 3 are involved in vesicular movement and membrane trafficking in UECs during early pregnancy. This study also investigated the influence of cytoskeletal disruption of microtubules and actin filaments on VAMP2 and syntaxin 3 in UECs grown in vitro, since microtubules and actin influence vesicle trafficking. As expected, this study found disruption to microtubules with colchicine and actin with cytochalasin D impacted VAMP2 and syntaxin 3 localisation. These results suggest VAMP2 and syntaxin 3 are involved in the timely trafficking of vesicular membranes to the apical surface in UECs during early pregnancy, as are of microtubules and actin.
Embryonic disc formation following post-hatching bovine embryo development in vitro
Authors: Ramos-Ibeas Priscila , Lamas-Toranzo Ismael , Martínez-Moro Álvaro , de Frutos Celia , Quiroga Alejandra C , Zurita Esther , Bermejo-Álvarez Pablo
Published: July 2020

Failures during conceptus elongation are a major cause of pregnancy losses in ungulates, exerting a relevant economic impact on farming. The developmental events occurring during this period are poorly understood, mainly because this process cannot be recapitulated in vitro. Previous studies have established an in vitro post-hatching development (PHD) system that supports bovine embryo development beyond the blastocyst stage, based on agarose gel tunnels and serum- and glucose-enriched medium. Unfortunately, under this system embryonic disc formation is not achieved and embryos show notorious signs of apoptosis and necrosis. The objective of this study has been to develop an in vitro system able to support embryonic disc formation. We first compared post-hatching development inside agarose tunnels or free-floating over an agarose-coated dish in serum- and glucose-enriched medium (PHD medium). Culture inside agarose tunnels shaped embryo morphology by physical constriction, but it restricted embryo growth and did not provide any significant advantage in terms of development of hypoblast and epiblast lineages. In contrast to PHD medium, a chemically defined and enriched medium (N2B27) supported complete hypoblast migration and epiblast survival in vitro, even in the absence of agarose coating. Cells expressing the pluripotency marker SOX2 were observed in ~56% of the embryos and ~25% developed embryonic disc-like structures formed by SOX2+ cells. In summary, here we provide a culture system that supports trophectoderm proliferation, hypoblast migration and epiblast survival after the blastocyst stage.
Permainan Tradisional Betawi untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kognitif Siswa di TK Mutiara
Authors: Syaikhu Ahmad , Napis Ahmad Durul
Published: July 2020

This research aims to obtain data on improving cognitive abilities through Betawi’s traditional game activities through song. The study was conducted at TK Mutiara Duri Kosambi Cengkareng, West Jakarta and the subject of this research is TK Mutiara B Group children. This study used a class action research method which was carried out with two cycles. Data is obtained from observation instruments, documentary studies and field notes. Observation of pre-cycle measures obtained an average of 53.95%. In cycle 1 the average results of observations 71,042%. Then in the second cycle cognitive ability has increased 18.53%, with an average yield of 89.58%. The results of research conducted at TK Mutiara show that Betawi traditional game activities through song can improve cognitive development of young children. The implications of this study suggest that teachers should implement learning by maximizing play activities. The teacher is also encouraged to be more careful in planning and implementing learning so as to achieve the goals set.
Stages of safety risk assessment of civil servants
Authors: Karkovska Veronika
Published: July 2020

Purpose. The article explores the topical topic of assessing the security risk of public servants. One of the main responsibilities of public authorities is to protect national security, that is, to protect the country and the community from threats related to disorderly conduct and welfare. Relevance. The urgency of the problem of assessing the risk of public servants is to research and substantiate the appropriate methodology for the effectiveness of the assessment. The recommended methodology for risk assessment is unique in that the main focus is on the risks posed by persons having legitimate access to the assets of public authorities. It is simple, reliable, flexible and transparent. It can be used on its own or as a supplement to an existing risk assessment program. Although the guidance explains how to check the risks posed by a person to a valuable asset, it does not attempt to indicate which of these assets is the most important or which employee group may be the most threatening. Results. The recommended risk assessment methodology provides the basis for the work, but in order for this work to be successful in accordance with the methodology, it is necessary to identify appropriate positions in the public authority for professionals with their further access to the necessary information. The stages of the risk assessment process highlight the threat identification and vulnerability assessment. It has been established that the risk assessment process consists in the importance of following the risk assessment process step by step and the lack of assumptions about the final results. Therefore, the article examines the risk assessment process carried out at the appropriate levels. Conclusions. It turns out that risk assessments are most effective when they are an integral part of the risk management process. This helps to transform risk assessment into action. The best results are achieved when the risk assessment team is composed of: employees and security teams responsible for risk management, persons with deep knowledge of specific areas of activity of employees, external specialists in the field of risk assessment. To maximize the benefits of employee safety risk assessment: Risk assessment requires discussion and benefits from the exchange of views from various areas of government.
Development of discurcive power strategies in political space of Dnipro
Authors: Mikhno Nadiya
Published: July 2020

The article deals with defining the characteristics of the authority discourse development in modern society. The localization of the urban area has been chosen as the field of the authority discursive power strategies development. The author's scheme of authority discourse analysis in the urban area has been suggested basing on the methodological principles of a discourse-analytical strategy and involving the heuristic potential of a socio-cultural and semiotic analysis, as a result of the specific empirical study. The analysis of theoretical frames for the study of the concepts of «discourse» and «authority» has made it possible to determine a variety of communicative actions, which subject can only be the authority – an institutional discourse, namely, a political perspective. It is proposed to define a political discourse as a set of all speech acts in the appropriate institutional atmosphere, which is implemented in both oral and written forms within this study. The consideration of the background, expectations of the author and the audience, hidden motives, plot schemes etc. are provided in this article. It has been noted that it is appropriate to use the categorization approach to the «soft power» concept, which proposes to consider the power as the one which is implemented in the form of a certain communicative action. The behavior dictated by the authorities is perceived by a recipient as a voluntary choice during its relization. Such categories of the investigation as cultural mechanisms of nomination, classification, legitimation and naturalization are stressed analysing a political discourse in an urban area. The author's matrix of the analysis of the authority discourse in the urban area which includes its strategies, grammatology, idioms and the nature of their projection in discursive strategies of main subjects of discourse development has been described.
Analysis of the physical and chemical properties of soil contaminated with oily (petroleum) hydrocarbons.
Authors: Zahermand Samad , Vafaeian Mahmod , Bazyar Mohammad Hosein
Published: July 2020

This paper is focused on analyzing the engineering properties and geotechnical changes of the soil contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons, compared to non-contaminated soil. Also, identifying the physical and chemical behaviors and the interaction mechanisms between soil and contaminants at the time of contamination is far-reaching. This study aims to investigate the effects of petroleum contaminants on Atterberg limits, cation-exchange capacity, electrical conductivity and acidity, maximum dry density, and optimum moisture content of clay soil compared to non-contaminated samples with similar geological conditions in Gachsaran petroleum refinery region. The significant effects of contaminants on clay soil include an increase in cation-exchange capacity and electrical conductivity, but a decrease in acidity compared to non-contaminated samples. The results of the Atterberg limit as a physical index of the soil showed an increase in the petroleum hydrocarbon concentration, which enhanced the plastic and liquid limits, but decreased the plasticity index. The results of compaction tests using water and oil fluids indicated that the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in sandy soil increased maximum dry density and decreased optimum moisture content. Moreover, in a soil sample with stable pollution levels, maximum dry density and optimum moisture content were higher and lower in the compaction test using water fluid compared to those in compaction tests using oil fluid, respectively. Finally, increasing the soil pollution level reduced the difference between maximum dry density and the optimum moisture content in the compaction test using water fluid compared to the same test using oil fluid.
Study of involved fluids and geochemistry of rare earth elements of Aghbolagh copper deposit, in North Oshnavieh, West Azerbaijan Province of Iran
Authors: Dana Kamal , Nezafati Nima , Vossoughi Abedini Mansuor
Published: July 2020

Aghbolagh copper deposit is located in the southwest of West Azarbaijan Province, 10 km north of Oshnavieh city. Most of the existing rock outcrops in the area include Cambrian deposits (carbonated and clastic deposits). These deposits are metamorphosed by intrusive-granite masses (skarn-genesis). The infiltration of the mineralization solution at distances beyond contact and inside the sandstone sequences has resulted in the formation of copper ore veins. For microscopic and geochemical studies, 21 thin sections, and 22 doubly-polished cross-sections, 22 XRD specimens, 22 ICP-MS specimens, and three samples for analysis of 10 oxides were analyzed by Zarazma Corporation. In the study of the fluids involved, measurements were made using a Linkham THMSG600 heater and freezer plate, mounted on a polarized microscope with a separate stage and Olympus model. Studies on quartz minerals (3 samples) and garnet minerals (2 samples) were performed on five polished double sections by micro-thermometry measurements on 30 inclusion in quartz mineral and 15 inclusion in garnet mineral at Rizkavan Land Company. The results show that the La/Y ratio, which is a proper indicator for the pH conditions of the formation environment of ore deposit, in Aghbolagh deposit is a range from 0.09 to 2.26. The granite mass has the highest amount, and the skarn zone represents two types of conditions. Type 1: Section where the La/Y> 1 ratio observed in samples close to the skarn mass and ore. Type 2: Part where the ratio La/Y <1 is close to marble lithology. In the case of a vein deposit, the samples have mineralization under alkaline conditions, and other samples show acidic conditions. The examination of fluid inclusions determined two main groups of fluids in this mineralization system. Group 1: Supersaturated fluids of salt, which is the origin of halite multiphase inclusions in the garnet ore during the progressive skarn alteration process. Group 2: Salt-saturated fluids, which are the source of fluid-rich two-phase intermediates in the garnet and quartz minerals, and have been effective in regressive alteration in the skarn system.
Research on Control Method of Pollutant Total Amount of Water Quality based on Fuzzy Mathematics
Authors: Liu Rui
Published: July 2020

With the increase of pollutants discharged into the water, it is difficult to control the water environment pollution via reducing part of pollutant discharge. Therefore, the control method of pollutant total amount of water quality based on fuzzy mathematics is proposed. Firstly, a control framework and process of the pollutant total amount was built. The total amount of pollutant discharged into this region was controlled within a certain amount to achieve the predetermined environmental objective. Then, water pollution of different regions was evaluated via water quality model based on the fuzzy mathematics in the region or key protection domain with severe pollution and a concentrated pollution source, which makes the comprehensive evaluation of the water quality pollution more scientific. Finally, the control of pollutant total amount was completed via the optimized combination of point source control and unit control of total amount. Experimental results show that the method is scientific, objective and reasonable during controlling the pollutant discharge. It controls the pollutant total amount excellently.
Cultura para tejer la ciudad fragmentada. Políticas culturales y la construcción de ciudades inclusivas
Authors: Grün Lorío Emma
Published: July 2020

La vitalidad de la cultura es necesaria para la ciudad. Permea todas las esferas de la vida urbana y constituye la base de las libertades, intercambios de ideas y bienestar social (UNESCO, 2017). En este marco, el presente escrito trata el abordaje de las estrategias culturales como objeto de las políticas públicas y de intervenciones urbanas en programas de revitalización urbana para mitigar las consecuencias de la fragmentación urbana presente en las ciudades latinoamericanas la cual se caracteriza por una baja integración espacial y por tener una sociedad desvinculada. Se toma como punto de partida, el reconocimiento de los derechos culturales de toda la ciudadanía abordando pautas para subrayar la importancia de la cultura en el desarrollo sostenible de las ciudades, presentando entre las más destacadas: el rol de las autoridades locales en la traducción de las políticas culturales internacionales para la creación y apoyo de espacios de acción y diálogo y la planificación e implementación de políticas y programas culturales que reconozcan el valor del patrimonio tangible e intangible, la diversidad cultural y la creatividad; y el rol del diseño urbano inclusivo orientado a las personas, capaz de capitalizar el intercambio efectivo entre una ciudadanía diversa y de contrarrestar la violencia urbana, entre otros desafíos urbanos provenientes de las presiones de la urbanización masiva y acelerada. Así, este escrito pretende reflexionar sobre el desarrollo de mecanismos eficaces para la creación de políticas y estrategias urbanas responsables que se basen en la realidad de nuestras ciudades y promuevan enfoques inclusivos para la erradicación de todas las formas dediscriminación en las ciudades.
Aircraft Noise and Land Use Zoning Compatibility around the Juan Santamaría Airport, Costa Rica
Authors: Rivera Acevedo José Miguel , Agüero Valverde Jonathan
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the noise generated by aeronautical operations around Juan Santamaría Airport and its compatibility with the land use and the proposed zoning around the airport. Aircraft noise can produce discomfort, interference with daily activities, and excessive vibrations; hence, land use planning around airports is of importance.

Maps were prepared through computational models representing the noise levels generated by the operations of the airport. The operations were analyzed by aircraft type, schedules, and flight tracks, for 2013 and projections for: 2016, 2026, and 2036. Noise level data were collected with a sound level meter at 28 points surrounding the airport.

Comparing the annual maps of 2013 and 2036 it was determined that 41,24 % of the analyzed area will present clearly perceivable increases (5 dB(A) to 10 dB(A)), and 1,36 % of the area will have double loudness increases (10 dB(A) to 14 dB(A)).

The 2016 maps show locations where it is recommended to incorporate solutions in the construction regulation that reduce between 25 dB and 30 dB in the residential and scholar areas located within 65 dB(A) and 70 dB(A), such as Coco, Rincón Monge, Rincón Herrera, and Bajo Sorda. This finding is supported by field measurements.

The proposed zoning was contrasted against the yearly day-night average sound level of 2036. The biggest issue of excessive aircraft noise is located near the west runway where a range above the 75 dB(A) is expected. Any edification of permanent residence must be banned in here.
Avance del modelo de exposición del cantón de San José para evaluaciones de riesgo sísmico
Authors: Esquivel-Salas Luis Carlos
Published: July 2020

Se presenta un avance del modelo de exposición del cantón de San José para utilizarse en evaluaciones de riesgo sísmico, el cual consiste en una caracterización estructural y determinación de la distribución espacial de las edificaciones ubicadas dentro del cantón. Para su generación se contó información de una muestra de 1 856 edificaciones seleccionadas por muestreo estratificado aleatorio con asignación proporcional, siguiendo el método denominado Mapeo Ambiental Rápido, desarrollado por GFZ. Entre los principales resultados se tiene que el 50% de edificaciones de la muestra son del tipo mampostería confinada reforzada con diafragma rígido y un 40% con diafragma flexible, además el tipo de sistema resistente a cargas laterales más utilizado es el tipo muro (92%).
Algoritmo de optimización para sistema de gestión eléctrica inteligente
Authors: Murillo Rodríguez José David
Published: July 2020

Mediante un algoritmo de optimización, se muestra el comportamiento de una gestión eléctrica inteligente basado en la combinación multiagente de almacenamiento y energía alternativa. El algoritmo de control se concibe a través de una optimización del flujo energético de una residencia. Con datos reales de consumo y generación prevista la optimización fija un límite de ahorro del 93% respecto a un sistema tradicional sin gestión eléctrica. De acuerdo al flujo energético y bajo las mismas condiciones de optimización, se comprueba el funcionamiento del algoritmo, el cual permite acercarse al límite y lograr un 86% de ahorro.
Resistance of native honey bees from Rhodope Mountains and lowland regions of Bulgaria to Nosema ceranae and viral pathogens
Authors: Shumkova R. , Neov B. , Georgieva A. , Teofanova D. , Radoslavov G. , Hristov P.
Published: July 2020

The Western honey bee (Apis mellifera L., Hymenoptera: Apidae) is a species of fundamental economic, agricultural and environmental importance. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of some parasitic and viral pathogens in local honey bees from the Rodope Mountains and plain regions. To achieve this goal, molecular screening for two of the most distributed Nosema spp. and molecular identification of six honey bee viruses – Deformed wing virus (DWV), Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), Sacbrood virus (SBV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV), and Black queen cell virus (BQCV) was performed. Molecular analysis was carried out on 168 honey bee samples from apiaries situated in three different parts of the country where a mix of different honey bee subspecies were reared. In South Bulgaria (the Rhodope Mountains), a local honey bee called Apis mellifera rodopica (a local ecotype of A. m. macedonica) was bred, while in the other two regions (plains) different introduced subspecies existed. The results showed that the samples from the lowland regions in the country were outlined with the highest prevalence (70.5%) of N. ceranae, while those from the mountainous parts had the lowest rate (5.2%). Four of the honey bee viruses were identified – DWV (10/5.9%), followed by SBV (6/3.6%) and ABPV (2/1.2%), and one case of BQCV. In conclusion, the local honey bee A. m. rodopica (despite the higher number of samples) has shown lower prevalence of both nosemosis and viral infections. Therefore, this honey bee has to be preserved as a part of the national biodiversity.
COVID-19 and Health Professions Education: A 360° View of the Impact of a Global Health Emergency
Authors: Rabe Adrian , Sy Michael , Cheung Wayne Yik Wai , Lucero-Prisno Don Eliseo
Published: July 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. COVID-19 and the resulting lockdown policies have far ranging effects on health professions education (HPEd), with an impact in all its aspects, including curricula, teaching methods, student selection processes, educational outcomes, HPEd research, and student, teacher, and school welfare. Adaptations to the pandemic and lockdown measures have leaned heavily on technology. The effects may have differences across various health professions particularly those with an emphasis on psychomotor skills. There may also be differences among populations of students, teachers and schools related to the availability, accessibility and cost of technology. The rapid, forced change in the paradigms of health professions education across the globe may persist as long as lockdown measures and threat of resurgence remains, even as COVID-19 still sweeps across different countries.
What is Certain about Uncertainty?
Authors: Cascaldi-Garcia Danilo , Zer Ilknur , Datta Deepa , Sarisoy Cisil , Ferreira Thiago , Grishchenko Olesya , Jahan-Parvar Mohammad R. , Loria Francesca , Ma Sai , Rodriguez Marius , Londono Juan M. , Rogers John
Published: July 2020

Researchers, policymakers, and market participants have become increasingly focused on the effects of uncertainty and risk on financial market and economic outcomes. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the many existing measures of risk, uncertainty, and volatility. It summarizes what these measures capture, how they are constructed, and their effects, paying particular attention to large uncertainty spikes, such as those appearing concurrently with the outbreak of COVID-19. The measures are divided into three types: (1) news-based, survey- based, and econometric; (2) asset market based; and (3) Knightian uncertainty. While uncertainty has significant real and financial effects and spills over across countries, the size and persistence of these effects depend crucially on the source of uncertainty.
University of Helsinki and Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) protocol for DNA extraction and multiplex PCR genotyping (with) of 17 microsatellites for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). v1
Authors: Koskiniemi Jarmo , Koljonen Marja-Liisa , Leinonen Tuomas
Published: July 2020

In this protocol we desribe laboratory methods for DNA extraction and multiplex genotyping of Atlantic salmon that have been used in several studies at University of Helsinki and Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke). A list of publications from these studies is included as attachment.
El Urco en Galicia y Asturias: análisis y caracterización
Authors: Freán Campo Aitor
Published: July 2020

Se propone una caracterización y un análisis exhaustivo de la figura del Urco en Galicia y Asturias. Para ello se parte de información derivada del trabajo de campo, de relatos registrados en diferentes obras bibliográficas y del rastreo de artículos de prensa desde el siglo XIX hasta la actualidad. Asimismo, se abordan tradiciones asociadas erróneamente al Urco, se repasan las principales interpretaciones formuladas para su origen y significado y se plantea una nueva hipótesis al respecto.
Representaciones y literatura oral acerca del Demonio en los municipios de Amacueca y Tapalpa, en el sur de Jalisco
Authors: Bañuelos Aquino Víctor Manuel
Published: July 2020

La región sur del estado de Jalisco, México, es una zona que por su variada topografía ha sido foco de diversa actividad turística, principalmente por las fiestas de la pitahaya y la nuez que se celebran junto con otras festividades religiosas. Por supuesto, al existir flujos de personas por causa del turismo o la participación en este tipo de festivales, se ha producido la interacción entre diversos grupos de personas que han introducido y apropiado relatos en torno a la aparición del Diablo, en este caso un ser que se aparecía a los viajeros durante las noches. Partiendo de lo anterior, se expondrán y analizarán algunos relatos sobre estas manifestaciones demoniacas, poniendo principal énfasis en dos representaciones de esta región, que para el entendido en temas del folclor novohispano no dejará de llamar la atención: el Diablo montando a caballo y el Demonio como un toro negro de ojos rojos.
How Populism and Polarization Affect Europe’s Liberal Democracies
Authors: Schulze Heidi , Mauk Marlene , Linde Jonas
Published: July 2020

In recent years, two phenomena have put Europe’s liberal democracies under strain: populism and polarization. The rise of populist parties, the increasing radicalization of publics and political discourse, as well as the expansion of hyperpartisan media have caused concern among observers and citizens alike. While lively academic discussions have revolved around the causes of these phenomena, research regarding their real-world consequences has been sparse. This thematic issue wants to address this gap in the literature and contribute to developing strategies for mitigating potential threats populism and polarization may pose to liberal democracies. To this end, it examines how populism and polarization affect citizens across Europe. It links research on audiences of hyperpartisan media with work on elite-induced polarization, populist conceptions of democracy, election results and support for the democratic system, and policy-making by populist governments.
EVALUATION OF TEACHERS’ TECHNOLOGICAL PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION NETWORK AND OTHER VARIABLES
Authors: CEKEROL Kamil , OZEN Emin
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) of teachers teaching at different levels of educational institutions and demographic information about them as well as their technology and Educational Information Network (EIN) use. The participants of the study were determined by using stratified sampling method from the teachers teaching in state-run primary schools, secondary schools and high schools in Eskisehir in Turkey. 364 teachers voluntarily participated in the study by filling out the data collection tool. The first part of the survey includes questions to collect demographic data about the participants as well as the ones related to their technology and EIN use. The second part involves TPACK scale developed by Horzum, Akgun and Ozturk (2014). According to the results of the statistical analysis, the teachers find themselves competent in terms of TPACK factors and there are significant differences between TPACK factors and demographic information about the participants as well as their technology and EIN use. It is believed that increasing technology knowledge of teachers will also improve their pedagogy and content knowledge. Therefore; it is suggested that more studies should be conducted which combine technology, pedagogy and content knowledge.