bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Inherent Safety Principles on Quantitative Risk in Process Industry: Application of Genetic Algorithm Process Optimization (GAPO)
Authors: Jahangiri Mehdi , Moghadasi Abolfazl , Kamalinia Mojtaba , Sadeghianjahromi Farid , Banaee Sean
Published: May 2021

Inherent safety (IS) refers to a set of measures that enhance the safety level of processes and equipment, rendering additional equipment and/or add-ons. The early design phase of processes is suited best for implementation of IS strategies as some of such strategies either are impossible to be implemented at the operation phase or substantially increase costs. The purpose of this study is to present a new approach called genetic algorithm process optimization (GAPO), by which processes can be made inherently safer even at the operation phase. This study simulates the IS principle, assessing its impact on quantitative risk and the possible consequences of process incidents identified by Hazard and Operation Study (HAZOP). The principle of intensification was simulated through GAPO, and feasibility of implementation was approved by HYSYS. Moreover, the integrated inherent safety index (I2SI) was used to evaluate and quantify the level of IS following implementation of GAPO compared to the initial design. Our result shows that GAPO substantially reduced the risk of consequences and quantitative risks and concomitantly improved the I2SI. The proposed GAPO can be applied to process operation as an approach to enhance IS at no cost and without decrease in production.
Brittleness Index of High-Rank Coal Reservoir and Its Influencing Factors in Mabidong Block, Qinshui Basin, China
Authors: Zhang Yixuan , Meng Yanjun , Hao Panyun , Shang Yanjie , Fu Xinyu
Published: May 2021

Brittleness index is an important mechanical index to evaluate the fracturability of conventional oil and gas reservoirs. However, the brittleness index of an organic coal reservoir is more complex. In this study, based on array sonic logging and density logging data, coal brittleness index is calculated using an elastic parameter method in the Mabidong coalbed methane (CBM) block in southern Qinshui Basin. In combination with coal-body structure observation, the maceral analysis, and proximate data of coal cores, a comprehensive study of geological influencing factors of coal brittleness index has been carried out. According to coal fragmentation degree, the coal-body structure of coal seams can be divided into primary, cataclastic, and granulate structure. The average interval of brittleness index of primary, cataclastic, and granulate structural coals is 63.3-71.48, 73.01-74.85, and 77.41-82.77, respectively. The results indicate that generally the order of brittleness index is primary structural coal < cataclastic structural coal < granulate structural coal. Young’s modulus and the brittleness index have a good positive correlation. Poisson’s ratio and the brittleness index are negatively correlated in No. 3 coal seam but are positive correlated in No. 15 coal seam. The vitrinite content is positively correlated with brittleness index, and the inertinite content is negatively correlated. For the primary and cataclastic structure coal, the ash and volatile is positively correlated with the brittleness index. The correlation of brittleness index, macerals, and coal quality parameters in the primary structure coal is better than that of the cataclastic and granulate structure coal. The research results are helpful to guide the coal brittleness index and coal-body structure prediction in fracturing of CBM wells.
Galectin-3 Inhibitors Suppress Anoikis Resistance and Invasive Capacity in Thyroid Cancer Cells
Authors: Lee Jie-Jen , Hsu Yi-Chiung , Li Ying-Syuan , Cheng Shih-Ping
Published: May 2021

Accumulating evidence suggests that galectin-3 is a histologic marker of thyroid cancer. However, the pharmacological lectin-based approach has not been well studied. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of novel galectin-3 inhibitors by treating thyroid cancer cells with different concentrations of GB1107 or TD139. At high doses, TD139, but not GB1107, reduced cell viability and clonogenicity of thyroid cancer cells. TD139 induced apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells, as evident by an increase in the percentage of sub-G1 cells on cell cycle analysis, caspase-3 activation, and PARP1 cleavage. Either GB1107 or TD139 significantly inhibited cell coherence and counteracted anoikis resistance. Both inhibitors decreased migratory and invasive abilities in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, GB1107 and TD139 treatment attenuated AKT phosphorylation and decreased the expression of β-catenin and MMP2. In conclusion, these novel galectin-3 inhibitors suppressed the anoikis resistance, motility, and invasive capacity of thyroid cancer cells at least partly through the AKT/β-catenin pathway. Galectin-3 inhibitors are potentially suitable for preclinical evaluation of treatment and/or prevention of metastatic spread in thyroid cancer.
The Method of Measuring the Agglomeration Degree of High-Tech Industries and Its Influence Mechanism: Taking Guangdong Province as an Example
Authors: Han Li-na , Song Yi-xiao
Published: May 2021

This paper selects the Herfindahl–Hirschman index and the Moran index to study the overall agglomeration and spatial distribution of high-tech industries in Guangdong, a province of China. The location entropy, dynamic agglomeration index, and output value share are also used in this study to measure the agglomeration and changes that occur in high-tech industries in various cities of Guangdong Province. The relevant data of high-tech industries for the province is collected between 2013 and 2018. Our results show that Guangdong Province’s overall agglomeration of high-tech industries strengthened between 2013 and 2018, but industrial transfer occurred within the cities in the Pearl River Delta region to a certain extent. Regional international trade, R&D investment and patent output of the whole society, number of local scientific research personnel, economies of scale, communication level, and local taxation policies are the main factors contributing to the changes in the agglomeration of high-tech industries. Guangdong should create an open environment to increase R&D investment and expand the scale of R&D personnel and economy as well as strengthening intellectual property protection and communication level. Preferential taxation policies should be also implemented to accelerate the agglomeration of high-tech industries.
Research on the Structure and Characteristics of the Overall Social Network of Professional Athletes
Authors: Cui Shuqin , Gao Mingyou , Xun Yang , Fung Sai-Fu , Tan Yujiao , Zhang Yu , Wang Chenghao , Wang Huanqing , Xiong You
Published: May 2021

This study chooses Chinese athletes as the research object and constructs the overall network of its social support network and discussion network. From the micro‐, meso‐, and macrolevels of the social network structure, the structure and characteristics of the athlete’s overall social network are analyzed. Through research, we found that there is embeddedness, that is, the relevance, between society support networks, between society discussion networks, and between society support networks and society discussion networks. At the same time, in the athletes’ social support network and social discussion network, some athletes have no contact with other players; they have no “power” in the group as well, so it is difficult to obtain network resources. We also found that there are small‐world characteristics in the social network of Chinese professional athletes. The above findings will provide a deeper understanding of the peculiarities of athlete groups and have certain practical significance for improving athletes’ daily training and life management conditions.
Medical Image Encryption Based on 2D Zigzag Confusion and Dynamic Diffusion
Authors: Li Shanshan , Zhao Li , Yang Na
Published: May 2021

For the security of medical image, a new algorithm of medical image encryption is designed. The novel algorithm is based on a chaotic system composed of the two-dimensional Sine Logistic modulation map (2D-SLMM) and the two-dimensional Hénon-Sine map (2D-HSM). The main encryption procedure includes zigzag scan scramble, pixel grey value transformation, and dynamic diffusion. On the pixel grey value transformation stage, a password feedback is added. This makes the relationship between password and key more complicated. The proposed scheme is lossless for medical image encryption and decryption. It avoids the problems of low-dimensional chaotic map such as narrow interval and few parameters, as well as the problem of the special texture and contour of medical images. The key space of the novel algorithm is big enough, and the encryption and decryption processing are sensitive to the key. Simulation and experiments validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the novel algorithm. Security analysis proves the algorithm is resistant to common attacks.
IVUS-Guided Zero-Contrast PCI in CKD Patients: Safety and Short-Term Outcome in Patients with Complex Demographics and/or Lesion Characteristics
Authors: Kumar Prathap , Jino Blessvin , Shafeeq Ali , Roy Stalin , Rajendran Manu , Villoth Sandheep George
Published: May 2021

Background. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with significant renal dysfunction is challenging because of the lesion characteristics and the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). With the advent of intravascular ultrasound- (IVUS-) guided zero-contrast PCI, outcomes have improved considerably. Objective. To assess the safety and short-term outcomes of IVUS-guided zero-contrast PCI in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with complex demographics or lesion morphology. Methods. Patients who underwent IVUS-guided zero-contrast PCI at a tertiary center, from November 2019 to May 2020, were included in this prospective analysis. Clinical characteristics, procedural data, and follow-up data were collected and analyzed. Results. A total of 15 patients (27 vessels), all men (mean age, 70.0 ± 11.0 years), underwent zero-contrast PCI. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum creatinine were 30.8 ± 7.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 2.6 ± 1.3 mg/dL, respectively. The mean BMC2 risk for dialysis was 2.1 ± 1.1%, mean SYNTAX score was 20.3 ± 10.3, and mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 42.4 ± 11.6%. Four patients (26.6%) underwent left main coronary artery (LMCA) PCI including one LMCA bifurcation. One patient underwent chronic total occlusion PCI. Technical and procedural success were 100% without any periprocedural complications. No major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were reported, and no patient required dialysis within three months of follow-up. Conclusion. Zero-contrast PCI guided by IVUS is safe in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with moderate-to-severe CKD. High procedural success without complications can be achieved even in cases with complex clinical characteristics and lesion morphology.
The Study on Large-Diameter Drilling Prevention Method of Rock Burst in the Xinxing Coal
Authors: Xu Gao , Minghui Zuo , Yanmin Shu
Published: May 2021

Based on the engineering background, the 41051 working face of the 65th coal mine in Qitaihe Xinxing Mine was regarded as the engineering background, by using of the comprehensive research methods such as theoretical analysis and calculation, FLAC3D numerical simulation, physical parameters of coal and rock in laboratory, and the field industrial measurement, to research on the large drilling relieving rock burst mechanism and parameter setting in reasonable. The distribution of stress and plastic zone in drilling surrounding rock and its influence parameters are clarified, and the distribution of the “butterfly plastic zone” and the mutation condition of the “butterfly plastic zone” in trigger stress state are explored. On the basis, combined with theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, studying the rock burst prevention and treatment mechanism in large drilling, through the statistics of the Xinxing mine pressure characteristics, the measurement of the physical parameters of coal and rock and the test of ground stress finding is that the coal satisfies “Three hard” condition in Xinxing mine and is affected by larger horizontal tectonic stress. Combined with the real geological conditions, the layout parameters of relief pressure large drilling are simulated, and the result shows that the drilling of 600 diameters and 10 m pitch of hole and throughout the working face is reasonable, and the effect is obvious about pressure relief. For the practical implementation, the electromagnetic radiation monitoring is used to evaluate the effect in field; to comprehensive analysis, the relief pressure large drilling has obvious control effect to the 41051 workface rock burst.
Quality of Life and Morbidity after Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgeries Using the Sinonasal Outcomes Test (SNOT): A Tertiary Hospital Experience
Authors: Alshammari Dhaidan M. , Almomen Ali , Taha Mahmoud , Albahrna Hussain , Alshammari Shuruq
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery (EESBS) has been associated with a minimally invasive and effective approach for pathology of the anterior skull base and associated with less overall morbidity compared with open approaches. However, it is associated with its own potential morbidity related to surgical manipulation or resection of normal and noninflamed intranasal structures to gain adequate access. The assessment of sinonasal QOL (quality of life) postsurgery is therefore a vital aspect in follow-up of these patients. Objectives. To assess quality of life and morbidity after endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery using the Sinonasal Outcomes Test (SNOT-22). Methodology. A single-center retrospective cross-sectional review with a sample of 80–100 patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery was conducted at the ENT and Neurosurgery departments of King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Dammam (KFSH-D) for a period of 10 years from March 2010 to March 2020. Data were collected through hospital records and database, as well as from patients through phone call interviews. Records were reviewed for diagnosis, demographic features, and 22-item Sinonasal Outcomes Test (SNOT-22) scores noted at three points in time: prior to procedure and after, at 3 months and 6 months. Results. Within the study cohort comprising 96 patients, the mean age of the participants was 39.5 ± 12.1 years, and diagnostic typing before and after histopathological investigations revealed maximum pituitary adenomas (46.9%) closely followed by CSF-related ailments (41.7%). The changes in the mean and standard deviation of the total SNOT-22 scores postoperatively at the 3rd month (9.5 ± 5.4) and the 6th month (8.8 ± 5.2) were statistically significant (

p
<
0.001

) when compared to the preoperative score (10.8 ± 5.1). Conclusion. Although there was a predicted passivity of symptoms in the post-EESBS period, several significant positive outcomes were seen. The increase in discomfort in the sleep domains postsurgery is an issue to pursue and reason out. The overall SNOT-22 scores noted preoperatively and 3 and 6 months postoperatively showed statistically significant improvements in QOL with no long-term effects.
Audit Outsourced Data in Internet of Things
Authors: Hou Gaopan , Ma Jianfeng , Li Jiayi , Liang Chen
Published: May 2021

With the increase in network transmission rates, the Internet of Things (IoT) has gradually become a trend. Users can upload the data generated by the device to the cloud database to save local storage space, thereby reducing local storage costs. Because uploading data to the cloud loses physical control of the data, an audit is required. Traditional audit protocols are not completely suitable for lightweight devices in the IoT. This paper proposes a new type of audit protocol suitable for lightweight devices with weak computing power. This protocol transfers part of the computation of data tags to a cloud storage provider (CSP) with strong computing power, thereby reducing the introduction of computing entities. Our scheme supports the dynamic operation of data and guarantees the effectiveness of challenge response by blockchain. Compared with existing schemes, our scheme is more secure and effective.
Abnormal Expression and Prognostic Significance of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Their Receptors in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xu Zhixiao , Chen Chengshui
Published: May 2021

Background. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most life‐threatening malignancies. The crucial role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/BMP receptors reveals the significance of exploring BMP protein‐related prognostic predictors in LUAD. Methods. The mRNA expression of BMPs/BMP receptors was investigated in LUAD and normal lung tissues. Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were performed, and the prognostic values were assessed by Kaplan‐Meier Plotter. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were executed to ascertain the correlation between overall survival (OS) and the mRNA expression of BMPs/BMP receptors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were implemented to evaluate the predictive power of the prognostic model. Then, the prognostic model was validated in the GEO cohort. Furthermore, a nomogram comprising the prognostic model was established. Results. The mRNA expression of BMP2/5/6/R2, ACVRL1, and TGFBR2/3 was lower in LUAD tissues than in normal lung tissues. High expression of BMP2/4/5/R1A/R2, ACVR1/2A/L1, and TGFBR1/3 was associated with better OS, while BMP7 and ACVR1C/2B were associated with poorer OS. Three genes (BMP5, BMP7, and ACVR2A) were screened by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to develop the prognostic model in TCGA. Significantly better survival was observed in LUAD patients with a low‐risk score than those with a high‐risk score. The ROC curves confirmed the good performance of the prognostic model, then, the prognostic model was validated in the GSE31210 dataset. A nomogram was constructed (AUCs>0.7). And hub genes were further evaluated, including gene set enrichment analysis and immune cell infiltration. Conclusions. BMP5, BMP7, and ACVR2A are potential therapeutic targets in LUAD. The three‐gene prognostic model and the nomogram are reliable tools for predicting the OS of LUAD patients.
Experimental Study on Triaxial Unloading Failure of Deep Composite Coal‐Rock
Authors: Li Xin , Li Hao , Yang Zhen , Sun Zhongxue , Zhuang Jiayu , Song Chongxiao , Wang Xue
Published: May 2021

With the deep mining of coal, the phenomenon of high ground stress is more likely to cause dynamic disaster. In view of the above problems, this paper takes the unloading process of coal mining as the background to study the effects of mining rates under different conditions on the mechanical properties and triaxial failure criterion of composite coal‐rock, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of dynamic disasters in coal mines. The composite coal‐rock models with a composite ratio of 1 : 1 : 1 were tested under different unloading rates or confining pressures. The results show that the triaxial unloading process of coal‐rock can be divided into five stages: compaction, single elasticity, elastic‐plastic unloading, partial fracture, and complete fracture. In this paper, the failure criterion of composite coal‐rock triaxial unloading is derived. The unloading rate has an exponential relationship with the triaxial compressive strength, and the relationship between initial confining pressure and compressive strength is linear. The triaxial compressive strength is determined by both. The peak strains ε of all samples under different unloading conditions were around 0.01. And initial confining pressure had an influence on the strain variation trend during the unloading of composite coal‐rock. The higher the initial confining pressure, the greater the elastic modulus. In addition, an increase of initial confining pressure led to the increase of the total energy converted into dissipated part in the process of fracture and caused the obvious increase of the rebound characteristics of the curve. However, the unloading rate had no influence on the strain trend.
Congenital Smooth Muscle Hamartoma Obscuring the Cornea
Authors: Bean Andrew , Al-Bouri Abdullah , Bradford Geoffrey , Mauger Thomas
Published: May 2021

Congenital smooth muscle hamartoma is a benign proliferation of smooth muscle that most commonly presents in the lumbosacral area or proximal extremities. Although exceedingly rare, congenital smooth muscle hamartomas have been reported to occur in ocular structures such as the brow, eyelid, and conjunctival fornix. This case describes an atypical congenital bulbar lesion in a newborn male which obscured the cornea. The lesion, which appeared to originate from the bulbar conjunctiva and/or the limbus, was excised at 5 months of age. Pathologic evaluation was consistent with congenital smooth muscle hamartoma. The authors of this report believe it is the first to describe a patient with a congenital smooth muscle hamartoma of the bulbar conjunctiva/limbus.
Diffusion Analysis and Incentive Method for Mobile Crowdsensing User Based on Knowledge Graph Reasoning
Authors: Wang Jian , Cui Shanshan , Zhao Guosheng , Zhao Zhongnan
Published: May 2021

Aiming at the problem that the mobile crowdsensing (MCS) system relies on a specific platform with a large user group presupposed, this paper proposes a sensing user diffusion analysis and incentive method based on knowledge graph reasoning. We consider motivating users to participate under the constraint of limited budget so that the platform and users can get the most benefits. In this paper, we focus on socially aware users represented by self-organizing social networks, combine the knowledge graph to establish a knowledge graph for the crowdsensing system, use rules to derive user influence, and optimize user contributions. With the goal of maximizing social welfare, we propose a social awareness reverse auction (SARA) mechanism, in which the total contribution of users is the key to select winners, and the winners are paid based on critical prices. Through experimental simulations, we verify that SARA is close to the optimal social welfare under budget constraints.
Hierarchical Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: Functional and Performance Analysis
Authors: Khan Muhammad K. , Shiraz Muhammad , Shaheen Qaisar , Butt Shariq Aziz , Akhtar Rizwan , Khan Muazzam A. , Changda Wang
Published: May 2021

Wireless sensor network (WSN) comprises of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, and pressure, and to cooperatively forward the collected information to the destination through the network infrastructure. As sensor nodes are energy constraint devices, therefore, the importance of energy efficient routing protocols has been increased. In order to minimize energy consumption, recently, a number of hierarchical routing protocols are proposed. For instance, LEACH is an elementary hierarchical routing protocol that employs clustering technique to achieve energy efficiency. A lot of research work has been performed to remove shortcomings and to improve the performance of hierarchical routing protocols. Therefore, a comprehensive review is required which can review state‐of‐the‐art technologies, analyze functional and performance aspects, and highlight hierarchical routing protocol issues and challenges in WSNs. This paper proposes a taxonomy for the classification of existing hierarchical routing protocols for WSNs and analyzes the functionality and performance of existing hierarchical routing protocols. Moreover, it compares existing routing protocols to highlight key technological differences and provides performance comparison for the selected LEACH based routing protocols. Finally, the paper spotlights issues and challenges in existing routing protocols of WSNs, which can assist in future research for the selection of appropriate research domain and provide guidance in selection of energy efficient techniques in the design of energy efficient of routing protocols for WSNs.
The Calculation of High-Order Vertical Derivative in Gravity Field by Tikhonov Regularization Iterative Method
Authors: Du Wei , Zhang Yangyang
Published: May 2021

In mathematics, statistics, and computer science, particularly in the fields of machine learning and inverse problems, regularization is a process of introducing additional information in order to solve an ill-posed problem or to prevent overfitting. The Tikhonov regularization method is widely used to solve complex problems in engineering. The vertical derivative of gravity can highlight the local anomalies and separate the horizontal superimposed abnormal bodies. The higher the order of the vertical derivative is, the stronger the resolution is. However, it is generally considered that the conversion of the high-order vertical derivative is unstable. In this paper, based on Tikhonov regularization for solving the high-order vertical derivatives of gravity field and combining with the iterative method for successive approximation, the Tikhonov regularization method for calculating the vertical high-order derivative in gravity field is proposed. The recurrence formula of Tikhonov regularization iterative method is obtained. Through the analysis of the filtering characteristics of this method, the high-order vertical derivative of gravity field calculated by this method is stable. Model tests and practical data processing also show that the method is of important theoretical significance and practical value.
Experimental Study on the Failure Mechanism of Tunnel Surrounding Rock under Different Groundwater Seepage Paths
Authors: Wang Yingchao , Liu Yang , Li Yongliang , Jiang Wen , Wang Yueming
Published: May 2021

The influence of groundwater on tunnel engineering is very complicated. Due to the complexity of water flow water pressure transfer and uncertain defects in the stratum, all of which are key factors with regard to the design of tunnel engineering. Therefore, the variation of surrounding rock during excavation and the deformation and failure of soft surrounding rock under different seepage paths of underground water after excavation systematically. Experimental results showed that the stress change of surrounding rock caused by tunnel excavation can be divided into 3 stages: stress redistribution, stress adjustment, and stress rebalancing. In the process of water pressure loading, water flow rate is closely related to the experimental phenomenon. The between stable loading water pressure pore water pressure of the tunnel surrounding rock and the distance from the measuring point to the edge of the tunnel obey the exponential function of the decreasing growth gradient. With the increase of loading pressure, the pore water pressure and stress at the top of the tunnel increase, and the coupling of stress field and seepage field on both sides of surrounding rock more and more intense. The failure process of the tunnel can be divided into 6 stages according to the damage degree. The final failure pattern of the surrounding rock of the tunnel is mainly determined by the disturbed area of excavation. The arched failure area and the collapse-through failure area are composed of three regions. The surrounding rock is characterized by a dynamic pressure arch in the process of seepage failure, but it is more prone to collapse failure at low water pressure. The results of this study are the progressive failure mechanism of tunnel under different groundwater seepage paths and would be of great significance to the prevention of long-range disasters.
Characteristics of Karst Cave Development in Urban Karst Area and Its Effect on the Stability of Subway Tunnel Construction
Authors: Xue Fei , Cai Minjun , Wang Tianzuo , Zhao Tongyang
Published: May 2021

The existence of karst caves poses a large threat to safe tunnel construction in a karst area. This paper presents a synthetic method to evaluate the collapse risk before subway tunnel construction with Yang‐Jian interval tunnel as a case study. The crosshole seismic Computed Tomography (CT) integrated with Geological Drilling (Geo‐D) was first applied to accurately delineate the karst location and its scale. Then, 483 groups of seismic wave CT images were recorded, and 524 karst cave anomalies were found. The height of karst caves in the study area is 1–20 m and mainly concentrated at approximately 5 m. The vertical distance between the karst cave and the tunnel is mainly within 15 m. According to the detection results, a series of numerical models were built and calculated using FLAC3D to investigate the effect of different sizes and locations of karst caves on the displacement and stability of the surrounding rock in tunnels. Afterwards, based on the simulation results, the disturbance degree evaluation index was established to quantitatively evaluate the risk level of karst caves. The evaluation results indicate that the buried depth of the karst cave greatly affects the disturbance degree. No treatment is required for the deeply buried karst cave that is more than 7 m from the tunnel. When the distance between the cave and the tunnel is less than 7 m, there is a critical size of the cave. Karst caves that are larger than that critical value must be filled with a single slurry or binary slurry before tunnel construction to eliminate the risk of tunnel collapse. This study can be used to provide a more efficient and economical program for metro tunnel construction above a karst cave.
Airport Detection-Based Cosaliency on Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Hua Zhen , Bian Zhenzhu , Li Jinjiang
Published: May 2021

This paper proposes a contour extraction model based on cosaliency detection for remote sensing image airport detection and improves the traditional line segmentation detection (LSD) algorithm to make it more suitable for the goal of this paper. Our model consists of two parts, a cosaliency detection module and a contour extraction module. In the first part, the cosaliency detection module mainly uses the network framework of Visual Geometry Group-19 (VGG-19) to obtain the result maps of the interimage comparison and the intraimage consistency, and then the two result maps are multiplied pixel by pixel to obtain the cosaliency mask. In the second part, the contour extraction module uses superpixel segmentation and parallel line segment detection (PLSD) to refine the airport contour and runway information to obtain the preprocessed result map, and then we merge the result of cosaliency detection with the preprocessed result to obtain the final airport contour. We compared the model proposed in this article with four commonly used methods. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the model is 15% higher than that of the target detection result based on the saliency model, and the accuracy of the active contour model based on the saliency analysis is improved by 1%. This shows that the model proposed in this paper can extract a contour that closely matches the actual target.
The Importance of Feature Processing in Deep-Learning-Based Condition Monitoring of Motors
Authors: Kumar Dileep , Daudpoto Jawaid , Harris Nicholas R. , Hussain Majid , Mehran Sanaullah , Kalwar Imtiaz Hussain , Hussain Tanweer , Memon Tayab Din
Published: May 2021

The advent of deep learning (DL) has transformed diagnosis and prognosis techniques in industry. It has allowed tremendous progress in industrial diagnostics, has been playing a pivotal role in maintaining and sustaining Industry 4.0, and is also paving the way for industry 5.0. It has become prevalent in the condition monitoring of industrial subsystems, a prime example being motors. Motors in various applications start deteriorating due to various reasons. Thus, the monitoring of their condition is of prime importance for sustaining the operation and maintaining efficiency. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of DL-based condition monitoring for motors in terms of input data and feature processing techniques. Particularly, it reviews the application of various input features for the effectiveness of DL models in motor condition monitoring in the sense of what problems are targeted using these feature processing techniques and how they are addressed. Furthermore, it discusses and reviews advances in DL models, DL-based diagnostic methods for motors, hybrid fault diagnostic techniques, points out important open challenges to these models, and signposts the prospective future directions for DL models. This review will assist researchers in identifying research gaps related to feature processing, so that they may effectively contribute toward the implementation of DL models as applied to motor condition monitoring.
Sound Classification Based on Multihead Attention and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Yang Lei , Zhao Hongdong
Published: May 2021

Sound classification is a broad area of research that has gained much attention in recent years. The sound classification systems based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have undergone significant enhancements in the recognition capability of models. However, their computational complexity and inadequate exploration of global dependencies for long sequences restrict improvements in their classification results. In this paper, we show that there are still opportunities to improve the performance of sound classification by substituting the recurrent architecture with the parallel processing structure in the feature extraction. In light of the small-scale and high-dimension sound datasets, we propose the use of the multihead attention and support vector machine (SVM) for sound taxonomy. The multihead attention is taken as the feature extractor to obtain salient features, and SVM is taken as the classifier to recognize all categories. Extensive experiments are conducted across three acoustically characterized public datasets, UrbanSound8K, GTZAN, and IEMOCAP, by using two commonly used audio spectrograms as inputs, respectively, and we fully evaluate the impact of parameters and feature types on classification accuracy. Our results suggest that the proposed model can reach comparable performance with existing methods and reveal its strong generalization ability of sound taxonomy.
Belong and Nonbelong Relations on Double-Framed Soft Sets and Their Applications
Authors: Al-shami Tareq M. , Mhemdi Abdelwaheb
Published: May 2021

We aim through this paper to achieve two goals: first, we define some types of belong and nonbelong relations between ordinary points and double-framed soft sets. These relations are one of the distinguishing characteristics of double-framed soft sets and are somewhat expression of the degrees of membership and nonmembership. We explore their main properties and determine the conditions under which some of them are equivalent. Also, we introduce the concept of soft mappings between two classes of double-framed soft sets and investigate the relationship between an ordinary point and its image and preimage with respect to the different types of belong and nonbelong relations. By the notions presented herein, many concepts can be studied on double-framed soft topology such as soft separation axioms and cover properties. Second, we give an educational application of optimal choices using the idea of double-framed soft sets. We provide an algorithm of this application with an example to show how this algorithm is carried out.
Blockchain-Based Reversible Data Hiding for Securing Medical Images
Authors: Horng Ji-Hwei , Chang Ching-Chun , Li Guan-Long , Lee Wai-Kong , Hwang Seong Oun
Published: May 2021

Medical images carry a lot of important information for making a medical diagnosis. Since the medical images need to be communicated frequently to allow timely and accurate diagnosis, it has become a target for malicious attacks. Hence, medical images are protected through encryption algorithms. Recently, reversible data hiding on the encrypted images (RDHEI) schemes are employed to embed private information into the medical images. This allows effective and secure communication, wherein the privately embedded information (e.g., medical records and personal information) is very useful to the medical diagnosis. However, existing RDHEI schemes still suffer from low embedding capacity, which limits their applicability. Besides, such solution still lacks a good mechanism to ensure its integrity and traceability. To resolve these issues, a novel approach based on image block-wise encryption and histogram shifting is proposed to provide more embedding capacity in the encrypted images. The embedding rate is over 0.8 bpp for typical medical images. On top of that, a blockchain-based system for RDHEI is proposed to resolve the traceability. The private information is stored on the blockchain together with the hash value of the original medical image. This allows traceability of all the medical images communicated over the proposed blockchain network.
Longitudinal Gastrectomy for Nonbariatric Indications
Authors: Onafowokan Oluwatobi O , Khairat Aboubakr , Jamal Mohammad , Chatrath Hemant , Bonatti1 Hugo J. R.
Published: May 2021

Background. Sleeve gastrectomy is the most commonly performed bariatric procedure. Laparoscopic longitudinal gastrectomy (LLG) may be indicated for other indications. Patients and Methods. Two men and two women aged 67, 72, 77, and 80 years underwent LLG for nonbariatric indications with two having normal weight, one being cachectic, and one severely obese. Results. LLG was discussed with patients prior to surgery, but decision for LLG was made during surgery after contemplating other surgical options. A wide sleeve over a 42 French bougie was created with the staple line being oversewn with running 3–0 silk. Indications included a bleeding Dieulafoy lesion that failed endoscopic clipping, fundus gland polyposis found during paraesophageal hernia repair, fundus nodules suspected to be leiomyosarcoma metastases revealing splenosis on final pathology, and significant gastric dilatation associated with organoaxial gastric volvulus. Three patients had an uneventful recovery; the severely obese patient temporarily lost weight but died after two years from a stroke. The last patient developed dysphagia due to an alpha-loop in the sleeve, which was managed by endoscopic stenting. The device subsequently migrated and was laparoscopically removed, with a side-side gastrogastrostomy performed to straighten the alpha-loop. The patient tolerated food better and with overnight PEG tube feeds gained weight but continued heavy smoking. He died after one year from COPD exacerbation. Conclusion. LLG seems to be an appropriate intervention for various gastric pathologies. Training of residents and fellows in the minimally invasive surgical steps of LLG is encouraged.
The Biomechanics of Shoulder Movement with Implications for Shoulder Injury in Table Tennis: A Minireview
Authors: Li Liang , Ren Feng , Baker Julien S.
Published: May 2021

A high proportion of shoulder injuries in table tennis players are common, which is both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. An understanding of the interaction between biomechanical function of the shoulder and mechanisms of shoulder injuries in table tennis players is necessary to prevent injury and to conduct clinical treatment of the shoulder as soon as possible. The purpose of this minireview was to select the available evidence on the biomechanical characteristics of shoulder movement and potential relationships with various shoulder injuries that are common in table tennis players. Five studies revealed interesting biomechanical characteristics of shoulder movement patterns in table tennis players: large internal rotation torque, an increased torsion-rotation movement, and a greater angular velocity of internal rotation were found. Two studies were noted that were related to specific shoulder injury: glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) and impingement syndrome. Unfortunately, it is difficult to draw conclusions on the mechanisms of shoulder injury in table tennis players due to the little evidence available that has investigated shoulder injury mechanisms based on biomechanical characteristics. Future studies should focus on the potential relationship between the biomechanical characteristics of the shoulder and injury prevalence to provide valuable reference data for clinical treatment.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME IMMUNOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF HIV INFECTION IN COMBINATION WITH TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Moskaliuk V.D. , Kolotylo T.R.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the work is to carry out a comparative analysis of epidemiological, clinical and individual laboratory parameters of groups of patients with HIV infection associated with tuberculosis (TB) and TB monoinfection.
Patients and methods. A comprehensive immunological examination was performed on 231 patients, including 155 HIV-infected with active newly diagnosed tuberculosis and 76 on tuberculosis alone. The HIV/TB group was divided into 3 subgroups depending on the time of TB accession to HIV infection.
The levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were compared for groups with co-infection with HIV/TB and patients with TB monoinfection.
Results. In associated HIV/TB infection, the level of CD4+T-lymphocytes is significantly lower compared to patients with TB monoinfection.
In the HIV/TB group, it was established the presence of a medium feedback force between the number of CD4+T-lymphocytes and the serum concentration of IFN-γ (correlation coefficient r=-0.36, confidence level P<0.05); weak direct relationship between viral load and serum IFN-γ concentration (r=0.25, P<0.05); medium strength inverse relationship between the number of CD4+T-lymphocytes and the level of viral load (r=-0.44, P<0,01). In the group with TB monoinfection, no correlation was found between the number of CD4+T-lymphocytes and cytokine parameters.
Conclusions. In associated HIV/TB infection, CD4+T-lymphocyte counts are significantly lower than in patients with TB only.
As HIV infection progresses (decrease in CD4+T-lymphocytes and increase in HIV load), there is an increase in serum IFN-γ and IL-4, which probably indicates a decrease in the number of anti-inflammatory T-regulatory cells, or a decrease in their suppressor activity.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ СПОСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ ЗА ОСОБАМИ, ЯКІ ПЕРЕНЕСЛИ COVID-19, НА ПЕРВИННІЙ ЛАНЦІ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я
Authors: Kholboyev S.B. , Yusupov Sh. A. , Yuldashova N. E.
Published: May 2021

Мета роботи – на підставі результатів практичної роботи первинної медико-санітарної ланки (сімейної поліклініки № 3 м. Самарканд) в умовах пандемії проаналізувати особливості поширення і клінічної картини COVID-19 у дорослого населення.
Матеріали і методи. Дослідження проводили в сімейній поліклініці № 3 м. Самарканд. Ретроспективно досліджено амбулаторні карти 100 хворих на COVID-19 старше 16 років. Статистичну обробку даних проводили на персональному комп’ютері з використанням Microsoft Excel-2003.
Результати. Проаналізовано перебіг хвороби у перших 100 пацієнтів з підтвердженим COVID-19: 58 (58,0 %) чоловіків і 42 (42,0 %) жінок. В 11 (11,0 %) пацієнтів, обстежених через контакт з хворим родичем, хвороба перебігала безсимптомно; у 89 % був легкий перебіг COVID-19 з незначними катаральними явищами. Найчисленнішу групу пацієнтів, які перенесли COVID-19, склали особи віком 30-55 років (65,0 %): у 20 % випадків хворіли особи, старші 65 років.
Висновки. У період пандемії COVID-19 велике навантаження лягає на лікарів амбулаторної ланки, тому що 80 % пацієнтів мають безсимптомний або легкий перебіг хвороби. Аналіз клінічної картини, даних лабораторних показників дозволяє поставити діагноз й оцінити тяжкість захворювання в максимально ранні терміни.
ВАКЦИНАЦІЯ ВІД СОVID-19: ОЧІКУВАННЯ, РЕАЛІЇ І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ
Authors: Ivakhiv O. L. , Vyshnevska N. Yu. , Ishchuk I. S.
Published: May 2021

На підставі огляду наукової літератури висвітлено сучасні підходи до створення вакцин-кандидатів проти COVID-19. Наведено дані про безпеку, ефективність, режими введення, небажані побічні ефекти, умови зберігання генетичних вакцин Тозінамеран, або BNT162b2, під торговою маркою Comirnaty (Pfizer-BioNTech), на матричній РНК (мРНК) і «Модерна» на основі мРНК-1273. Висвітлено дані доклінічних досліджень перспективної ДНК-плазмідної вакцини-кандидата ZyCoV-D. Охарактеризовано вірусні векторні вакцини: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222), відома як вакцина AstraZeneca, а також Ad26.COV2.S (JNJ-78436735, VAC31518), в якій використовують генетично модифікований аденовірус ad26. Наведено обнадійливі попередні результати випробовувань субодиничної вакцини-кандидата NVX-CoV2373. Дано характеристику інактивованих вакцин BBIBP-CorV (Китай, Sinopharm) і CoronaVac (Sinovac Life Sciences, Пекін, Китай). Висвітлено питання доцільності вакцинації реконвалесцентів COVID-19, вагітних, дітей. Порушено проблему ефективності вакцин проти нових мутантних вірусів SARS-CoV-2.
ВІДОБРАЖЕННЯ БОРОТЬБИ З ПАНДЕМІЄЮ COVID-19 У НАСТІЛЬНИХ МЕДАЛЯХ
Authors: Andreychyn M. A. , Barshteyn V. Yu.
Published: May 2021

Наведено стислу інформацію про роки відкриття патогенних коронавірусів людини, пандемію COVID-19 і зв’язані з нею людські та економічні втрати. Уведено в науковий обіг дані про відображення боротьби з цією пандемією у восьми настільних медалях, випущених у різних країнах.
МОЖЛИВОСТІ ВИВЧЕННЯ ВЕГЕТАТИВНОГО СТАТУСУ ПРИ ХРОНІЧНОМУ ПАНКРЕАТИТІ В АМБУЛАТОРНІЙ ПРАКТИЦІ І НАУЦІ
Authors: Сабат З. І. , Бабінець Л. С.
Published: May 2021

Вегетативна нервова система забезпечує пристосування організму до змін умов зовнішнього і внутрішнього середовищ. У сучасних умовах здоров’я розглядається як здатність організму адаптуватися до цих змін, а хвороба - як стрес і порушення адаптації. Вивчення вегетативного статусу при хронічному панкреатиті є надзвичайно актуальним та інформативним для наступного ефективного лікування.

Мета – проаналізувати доцільність і методики визначення стану вегетативного статусу пацієнтів із хронічним панкреатитом, які використовуються в амбулаторній медицині та науковій практиці.

Основна частина. Хронічні захворювання органів травлення, зокрема хронічний панкреатит, значно поширені у структурі захворюваності внутрішніх органів. Залучення сегментарних і надсегментарних вегетативних структур до патологічного процесу значно ускладнює перебіг хронічного панкреатиту, у зв’язку з чим визначення стану вегетативної нервової системи та подальша вегетотропна корекція має важливе значення для підвищення ефективності лікування хронічної гастроентеральної патології загалом і хронічного панкреатиту зокрема.

Висновки. Визначення варіантів стану вегетативної нервової системи, а особливо наявності вегетативної дисфункції при хронічному панкреатиті повинно стати підґрунтям для диференційного підходу до регуляції стану вегетативної нервової системи, що приводитиме до ефективнішої та раціональнішої оптимізації функціонального стану підшлункової залози і нормалізації трофологічного статусу пацієнтів на ранніх стадіях захворювання.