bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elemental Akerman: Inside and Outside No Home Movie
Authors: Margulies Ivone
Published: September 2016

Margulies considers how Chantal Akerman embraces the directness of the home movie to redesign, through lighting, perspective, and framing, analogues for the intricate relationship of symbiosis and distance between herself and her mother. The essay attempts to understand the film's emotional immediacy alongside and in tension with the filmmaker's characteristic indirection. It looks therefore to the kitchen talks (a sort of primal script between mother and daughter) as well as to the mysterious desert shots that crisscross the film's main focus on the apartment's interiors as two key tropes in the filmmaker's oeuvre connoting, respectively, domesticity and nomadism. The essay discusses how delicately Akerman represents in the film both the absence and the presence of her mother, the thread traversing all of her films.
Chantal Akerman: A Postmortem Bibliography, October 2015–September 2016
Authors: Longo Regina
Published: September 2016

A comprehensive list of publications (up to September 2016) on the work and life of Chantal Akerman that have appeared since her untimely death on October 5, 2015, in Paris, France.
Teaching Genetics: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Smith Michelle K , Wood William B
Published: September 2016

Genetics teaching at the undergraduate level has changed in many ways over the past century. Compared to those of 100 years ago, contemporary genetics courses are broader in content and are taught increasingly differently, using instructional techniques based on educational research and constructed around the principles of active learning and backward design. Future courses can benefit from wider adoption of these approaches, more emphasis on the practice of genetics as a science, and new methods of assessing student learning.
Músculo extensor anómalo de la mano: “Extensor digitiforme brevis manus”
Authors: Martínez Martínez Francisco , Moreno Fernández José Manuel , García Hortelano Salvador , Rotella Pablo Sabino
Published: September 2016

INTRODUCCION

El extensor digitorum brevis manus es un músculo anómalo en dorso de muñeca y mano. Suele presentarse como una masa indolora que aumenta con la extensión de muñeca y dedos, siendo  el diagnóstico clínico difícil; la Ecografía y Resonancia ayudan al diagnóstico y a distinguirlo de tumores. El objetivo es  una revisión bibliográfica y presentar  los resultados de casos clínicos de esta patología.

MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS

Se realizó un estudio longitudinal con 3 pacientes que presentaban EDBM, con  seguimiento completo hasta el alta y controles posteriores.

RESULTADOS

En los tres casos se realizó resección completa del EDBM, sin complicaciones y volvieron a sus actividades asintomáticos.

DISCUSCION

La  primera referencia aparece en 1743. Es un músculo aberrante con baja prevalencia. Puede coexistir con otras variaciones anatómicas; consiste en un fascículo que proporciona un tendón extensor al dedo índice, denominándose Extensor indicis brevis; otras formas  es la aparición del músculo en la mitad cubital de la mano y su inserción en cuarto y quinto tendón extensor. 

Se presentan una masa, habitualmente indolora, en dorso  de mano y muñeca.  La existencia del EDBM ha permitido su uso como colgajo para reconstruir lesiones tendinosas.

CONCLUSION

El EDBM es un músculo anómalo encontrado con poca frecuencia. El diagnóstico viene por la historia clínica, exploración física y el estudio de imagen ( siendo la RNM  la más útil). El diagnóstico diferencial es difícil, puede presentar las características de otras patológias, siendo necesario el estudio histológico. El tratamiento es la resección quirúrgica con resultados satisfactorios.

 
Displasia fibrocartilaginosa focal de fémur. Un caso de corrección espontánea
Authors: Iturre Sebastian Eduardo , Masquijo Julio Javier , Allende Victoria
Published: September 2016

La displasia fibrocartilaginosa focal es una enfermedad rara que genera una deformidad localizada en los huesos largos de los niños. Algunos autores recomiendan la cirugía como tratamiento inicial. El objetivo de este trabajo es comunicar un caso de displasia fibrocartilaginosa en el fémur que tuvo una resolución espontánea y revisar la bibliografía. Se comunica el caso de una niña de 2 meses de edad con deformidad en varo del fémur izquierdo y discrepancia de longitud de los miembros inferiores. La radiografía mostró una imagen en la diáfisis femoral radiolúcida de bordes escleróticos y deformidad en varo de 30º. En un período de 22 meses, se observó la corrección espontánea completa de la deformidad. Se han publicado 20 casos de localización femoral, 17 tratados con cirugía y tres, con corrección espontánea. Se aconseja mantener una conducta expectante durante un período más prolongado que el recomendado en la literatura para evitar procedimientos invasivos innecesarios.
АНАЛИЗ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ ПОЧВЫ С РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫМ ПОКРОВОМ НА УЧАСТКЕ ПЕСЧАНОЙ СТЕПИ (ПРИРОДНЫЙ ЗАПОВЕДНИК «ДНЕПРОВСКО-ОРЕЛЬСКИЙ»
Authors: Novikova V. A.
Published: September 2016

It is shown that in the area of sandy steppe in a nature reserve "Dnieper-Orelsky" the soil temperature has been changed from 17.2 to 31.0 ° C. Loci with higher temperatures are on the left and right ends of the landfill, whereas the plot with lower temperature was located in the central region. There is a tendency of spatial variability of soil temperature, which could be explained by vegetation location and edaphic characteristics. We calculated the indicators of spatial dependence and the radius of influence with the help of geostatistical method and proved that the target plot had high degree of spatial dependence.

It was established that the spatial variability of soil temperature is associated with vegetation and other soil characteristics within the studied plot. Woody plants, geophytes, and the number of roots have a negative correlation with all the studied parameters. A positive correlation was calculated for soil temperature and hemycryptophytes, terophytes, and hamephytes. The soil temperature has negative correlation with the humidity, whereas the soil density is positively correlated with soil temperature.
SPORE MORPHOLOGY OF POLYPODIUM ALEUTICUM A.E. BOBROV (POLYPODIACEAE) AND RELATED SPECIES
Authors: Shalimov A. P. , Shmakov A. I.
Published: September 2016

Spores of type specimens of Polypodium aleuticum A.E. Bobrov are studied by SEM-method. The morphology of the spores has been studied and described for comparative purposes. The results showed characteristic features of P. aleuticum exospores different from P. glycyrrhiza D.C. Eaton, which gives the basis for acknowledgment the independence of the investigated species. 
МЕТАБОЛІЗМ МЕТАЛІВ У ГІПОКАМПІ ТА РОЛЬ ЦИНКУ В ПАТОГЕНЕЗІ ЕПІЛЕПТИФОРМНИХ СУДОМ
Authors: Kuchkovsky O. M.
Published: September 2016

Physiological mechanisms of convulsions status during epilepsy or episindrom significantly different from the mechanisms, which were describe for other disorders associated with glutamatergic system, such as schizophrenia (a decrease of glutamate in neurons and increased dopaminergic load), drug addiction and alcoholism (the formation of endogenous opioids and dopamine, strengthening the role of GABA-ergic system).

With glutamatergic transmission are сconnect not only convulsive state, but also the realization of higher integrative functions. Therefore, the development of epilepsy, particularly  which caused glutamate, implemented by activating Zn-ergic hippocampal neurons, associate with complex changes in human mental functions. Based on a scientific literature about  of the role of chelating zinc in the mechanisms of glutamatergic transmission, we can  suggest it participation in the mechanisms of formation of epilepsy  convulsions.

In experience on animals, was show that in the animal organism of stressing correlative changes observe zinc content and secretory material in the hippocampus, Paneth cells  and B cells of pancreas. The nature of the changes depend on the stressor. When this change of zinc content in the hippocampus and hypothalamus (as the main regulator of stress reaction) were multidirectional that this can be explained by the release of metal together with secretory material in the hypothalamus into the bloodstream. Research epileptic activity  of hippocampus by administering to the animal chelate 8 BSQ allowed to establish the dependence between convulsant action  and first  stress condition of the animal. Evocation of stress by 8-BSQ and physical activity, immobilization and alcohol abuse found that the convulsive effect of this reagent during intravitreal research increased in the case of prior exposure by specified kinds of stressors. In this pre-convulsive effect on exertion increased by 266% and the zinc content was increased by 75%; in the case of pre-immobilization duration of seizures increased by 206% and the zinc content - 50%; in the case of pre-alcoholization duration of seizures increased by 234%, and a chelating zinc content - 75%. These results suggest a chelating zinc epileptiform participate in the mechanisms of seizures and, possibly, the development of mechanisms of temporal lobe epilepsy (hippocampal). The results of studies of zinc changes in central and peripheral organs of zinc-containing simulated at different functional states allow us to make the assumption that there is a common mechanism for coordination of functional activity as the hippocampus and other zinc-containing bodies with the help of changes in the chelating zinc metabolism, regulation is carried out by means of the hippocampus.
ОСНОВНЫЕ ЭТАПЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ РОДА POTAMOGETON L. (POTAMOGETONACEAE) ВО ФЛОРАХ ВОДОЕМОВ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ В КАЙНОЗОЕ ПО ПАЛЕОКАРПОЛОГИЧЕСКИМ И ПАЛИНОЛОГИЧЕСКИМ ДАННЫМ
Authors: Durnikin D. A. , Matsyura A. V. , Jankowski K.
Published: September 2016

Palaeobotanical, geomorphological, and paleogeographical data on flora of reservoirs are presented. The structured materials on geomorphology and paleogeography from Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary deposits of Western Siberia are reported. The stratigraphic complexes linked to tectonic zoning Kulunda and southern Baraba Lowlands are analyzed. The data on the structure-formational zones, distinguished by time of inception, the composition and thickness of the sediments, and nature of the neotectonics are presented. The analysis of paleocarpology and palynology data from the Potamogeton genus as the largest among the aquatic plants of Western Siberia is done. The composition and structure of this genus as an integral part of Tertiary and Quaternary flora of studied reservoirs are characterized, the current composition of this genus is presented. It is proved that the most ancient complexes of the West Siberian Tertiary belong to the upper Eocene, whereas the early Siberian Paleogene is still unknown.
NEW CHRYSOMELIDAE (COLEOPTERA) SPECIES FOR THE FAUNA OF TIGIREKSKY NATURE RESERVE (NORTH-WESTERN ALTAI, RUSSIA)
Authors: Guskova E. V. , Kuftina G. N.
Published: September 2016

Nine species of Chrysomelidae are reported for the fauna of Tigireksky Nature Reserve (North-Western Altai, Russia) for the first time. At present, the Chrysomelidae fauna of Tigireksky Nature Reserve includes 127 species belonging to 45 genera. 
ПРОСТОРОВА ВАРІАБЕЛЬНІСТЬ ЕЛЕКТРОПРОВІДНОСТІ ҐРУНТІВ АРЕНИ ДОЛИНИ Р. ДНІПРО (У МЕЖАХ ПРИРОДНОГО ЗАПОВІДНИКУ «ДНІПРОВСЬКО-ОРІЛЬСЬКИЙ»)
Authors: Zhukov O. V. , Kunakh O. M. , Taran V. O. , Lebedinska M. M.
Published: September 2016

Within experimental range on arena of the river Dnepr in natural reserve "Dneprovsko-Orelsky" in 241 points electric conductivity of soil has been measured by two ways: in a condition of natural humidity and in a condition of a full moisture capacity. It is established that on the average electrical conductivity makes 0.068±0.002 and 0.267±0.014 dSm/m accordingly. As a result of the carried out research by us the established procedure which allows to transform point objects which contain the information on electric conductivity of soil in continual (raster) layer on the basis of established regression dependences of an investigated indicator from predictors which are received on the basis of data of remote sensing of a surface of the Earth. Canonical axes received as a result of the mixed correspondence analysis have been used as regression predictors. Continual data (digital elevation model and its derivative, vegetative and other Landsat indexes, relief and vegetative cover diversity indexes) and discrete data (results of Earth surface classification on elementary relief units and types of a vegetative cover) have been calculated by mixed correspondence analysis. The important result is dependence of electric conductivity of soil on indicators of a relief and a vegetative cover diversity.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ГОСТРОЇ ТА ХРОНІЧНОЇ ТОКСИЧНОСТІ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО ПРЕПАРАТУ «МЕВЕСЕЛ-ІН’ЄКЦІЙНИЙ»
Authors: Gutyj B. , Paska M. , Levkivska N. , Pelenyo R. , Nazaruk N. , Guta Z.
Published: September 2016

The results of study of toxicity of the newly created «Injectable Mevesel» during acute and chronic experiments are presented. There were no lethal cases at intragastric and intramuscular injections, only short-time inhibition of laboratory animals receiving the drug at a dose of 10.0 ml was observed. There were no lethal cases of test animals during the experiment in the conditions of study of accumulation properties of «Injectable Mevesel». Total average dose of the drug administered made up 162500 mg/kg, and accumulation coefficient was respectively 5.3.
In the study of morphological blood parameters of rats after intramuscular injection of «Injectable Mevesel» in increasing doses, probable increase in neutrophils count by 36.1%, and probable reduction in lymphocytes count by 15.2% were found.
Administration of the drug in increasing doses significantly affects the functional state of internal organs of experimental animals (liver) and causes significant degradation of the membranes of hepatocytes, as evidenced by increased activity of intracellular ALT, AST enzymes and alkaline phosphatase.
Therefore, new domestic drug «Injectable Mevesel» created by us belongs to class 4 toxicity criteria, i.e. low-toxic substances.
ВПЛИВ МІКРОЕЛЕМЕНТІВ НА НАКОПИЧЕННЯ КАРОТИНОЇДІВ ДЕЯКИМИ ШТАМАМИ БАЗИДІОМІЦЕТІВ
Authors: Velygodska A. K. , Fedotov O. V.
Published: September 2016

The effect of microelements on growth and accumulation of carotenoids highly productive strains of basidiomycetes at surface cultivation on glucose-peptone medium was investigated. The objects of research are 3 wood destroying strain. There are Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill Ls-08, Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr. Ff-1201 from the order Polyporales and Fistulina hepatica (Schaeff.) Sibth Fh-18 from the order Agaricales. Research materials are strains mycelium and culture filtrate (CF). Absolutely dry biomass (ADB) mycelium was determined by the gravimetric method, the content of carotenoids was determined by spectrophotometric method in acetone extracts of the Vetshteyn formula. Established individual influence of microelements on the accumulation of biomass and carotenoids of basidiomycetes strains. The possibility of the regulation of these processes by introducing into the glucose-peptone medium of various Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni and Mn sulphate. So, the best to increase the intensity of the growth processes and the accumulation of carotenoids strain of L. sulphureus Ls-08 is an experimental environment which includes Zn sulfate in a concentration of 8 mmol/L. To induce the accumulation of ADB and carotenoids in the mycelium and CF of strain F fomentarius Ff-1201 making in is expedient Mn sulfate in a concentration of 1.6 mmol/L. To improve carotenogenesis of F. hepatica Fh-18 strain expedient entry in GPM Mn sulphate at concentration of 8 mmol/L. These allow to optimize the concentration of microelements in nutrient medium for the cultivation of carotenoids high-producing strains of Basidiomycetes.

 
Modeling of Spin Injection and Spin Transport Properties in Organic and Inorganic Semiconductors
Authors: Ruden P. P. , Albrecht J. D. , Smith D. L.
Published: September 2016

Spin polarized charge carrier injection and transport in non-magnetic semiconductors is a key enabling mechanism for spin based electronic data processing. We present theoretical models to describe spin injection and spin transport in structures consisting of a ferromagnetic metal injector, a thin semiconductor layer, and a ferromagnetic metal collector. The semiconductors considered are conjugated polymers (e.g. PPV), small-molecule organic molecular crystals (e.g. pentacene), and inorganic semiconductors (e.g. silicon). In thermal equilibrium the charge carriers in these semiconductors are not spin polarized. Efficient spin injection requires that the semiconductor be driven far out of local thermal equilibrium. Since carrier mobilities (and other relevant parameters) in polymers, organic molecular crystals, and inorganic semiconductors differ by many orders of magnitude, their charge carrier injection characteristics differ significantly.
High-Temperature Operation of Pentacene Field-Effect Transistors with Polyimide Gate Insulators
Authors: Sekitani Tsuyoshi , Iba Shingo , Kato Yusaku , Noguchi Yoshiaki , Someya Takao , Sakurai Takayasu
Published: September 2016

We have fabricated pentacene field-effect transistors (FETs) on polyimide-sheet films with polyimide gate dielectric layers and parylene encapsulation layer, and investigated the high-temperature performance. It is found that the mobility of encapsulated FETs is enhanced from 0.5 to 0.8 cm2/Vs when the device is heated from room temperature to 160°C under light-shielding nitrogen environment. Furthermore, after the removal of annealing temperatures up to 160°C, the transistor characteristic of mobility and on/off current ratio show no significant changes, demonstration the excellent thermal stability of the present organic FETs.
Molecular Dielectric Multilayers for Ultra-Low-Voltage Organic Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Yoon Myung-Han , Facchetti Antonio , Marks Tobin J.
Published: September 2016

Very thin (2.3 – 5.5 nm) self-assembled organic dielectric multilayers have been integrated into organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) structures to achieve sub-1 V operating characteristics. These new dielectrics are fabricated via layer-by-layer solution phase deposition of molecular silicon precursors, resulting in smooth, nanostructurally well-defined, strongly-adherent, thermally stable, virtually pinhole-free, organosiloxane thin films having exceptionally large electrical capacitances (400-700 nFcm-2). These multilayers enable OTFT function at very low source-drain, gate, and threshold voltages, and are compatible with a broad variety of vapor- or solution-deposited p- and n-channel organic semiconductors.
Electroluminescence Spectral Imaging in Polymer Blend Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Takada Noriyuki , Tsutsumi Kiyohiko , Kamata Toshihide
Published: September 2016

The spectral imaging for electroluminescence (EL) characterization in the light emitting diode (LED) based on blends of poly[2,7-(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene)] (PFO) and poly[2,7-(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene)-alt-(1,4-phenylene-((4-sec-butylphenyl)amino)-1,4-phenylene) ] (TFB) was performed using the two dimensional imaging micro-spectroscopy system. We found that EL spectral images varied with increasing applied voltages. The origin for such variation of EL spectral images will be discussed in this report.
Influence of Cavity Q-factor on Near-Infrared Emitting Microcavity Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Cheung C. H. , Djuriši A. B. , Kwong C. Y. , Tam H. L. , Cheah K. W. , Liu Z. T. , Chan W. K. , Chui P. C.
Published: September 2016

In this work, we fabricated near-infrared emitting MOLEDs with two organic layers. The hole transporting layer was N, N′ – di(naphthalene-1-yl) - N,N′- diphenylbenzidine (NPB), while tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq) was the emissive and electron transporting layer. The bilayer structure was sandwiched between two silver mirrors. In order to investigate the influence of cavity Q-factor to the emission spectra, devices with different thickness of bottom mirror (anode) were fabricated. The influence of the choice of the bottom mirror (anode) was also investigated, and the devices with copper anode were also fabricated. The devices were characterized by angular dependent electroluminescence, photoluminescence, and transmittance measurements. Possible origins of the observed phenomena are discussed.
Orientation of Organic Semiconductor Films on Photoreactive Polyimide Films and its Influence on Field-Effect Transistor Characteristics
Authors: Kikuchi Hiroshi , Uchida Yuichiro , Fujisaki Yoshihide , Sato Hiroto , Fujikake Hideo , Kurita Taiichiro , Takizawa Kuniharu , Sato Fumio
Published: September 2016

In this study, we have investigated the effect of surface treatment on the orientation and mobility of pentacene by using a photoreactive polyimide film to modify the gate-insulator surfaces of organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Surface modification includes a photoreactive polyimide film, presenting a passivated interface on which the semiconductor can grow. This polyimide film can control of the orientation of semiconductor by using linearly polarized deep UV (LPDUV) irradiation. Fabricated OFETs include stacked structures of Ta2O5 as the gate insulators and the photoreactive polyimide. Most of the characteristic parameters of the OFETs, such as carrier mobility and on/off current ration, have been improved by using the photo-alignment treatment achieved with LPDUV irradiation.
Turn-on and Charge Build-up Dynamics in Polymer Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Roichman Yohai , Tessler Nir
Published: September 2016

Turn-on dynamics of polymer field effect transistors were examined experimentally over a wide timescale. We found that the source current dependence on time following switch on of the gate bias exhibits a power law at the short time range, and an exponential decay at the intermediate to long time range. We demonstrate that the transistor dynamic behavior is governed by the channel charge build-up, and can be described accurately by a simple capacitor-resistor distributed line model.
Enhanced Mobility of Organic Field-Effect Transistors with Epitaxially Grown C60 Film by in-situ Heat Treatment of the Organic Dielectric
Authors: Singh Th. B. , Marjanovic N. , Matt G. J. , Günes S. , Sariciftci N. S. , Montaigne Ramil A. , Andreev A. , Sitter H. , Schwödiauer R. , Bauer S.
Published: September 2016

Electron mobilities were studied as a function of thin-film growth conditions in hot wall epitaxially grown C60 based field-effect transistors. Mobilities in the range of ∼ 0.5 to 6 cm2/Vs are obtained depending on the thin-film morphology arising from the initial growth conditions. Moreover, the field-effect transistor current is determined by the morphology of the film at the interface with the dielectric, while the upper layers are less relevant to the transport. At high electric fields, a non-linear transport has been observed. This effect is assigned to be either because of the dominance of the contact resistance over the channel resistance or because of the gradual move of the Fermi level towards the band edge as more and more empty traps are filled due to charge injection.
Interfacial electronic states of TNAP thin film deposited on metal substrates
Authors: Kanai Kaname , Ikame Tadanobu , Seki Kazuhiko
Published: September 2016

Strong substrate dependence of interfacial electronic structure of 11, 11, 12, 12-tetracyanonaphtho-2, 6-quinodimethane (TNAP) thin film was observed by infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoemission measurements. It was found that an apparent charge transfer interaction exists in the interface between the TNAP film and Ag substrate and Cu complex is formed by deposition of TNAP onto Cu substrate.
Large-Area Wet Micro-Printing (LAMP)for Organic Device Patterning
Authors: Jin Hongzheng , Sturm James C.
Published: September 2016

An important challenge for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) manufacturing is patterning method of the organic materials used for different colors. In this talk, a Large-Area wet Micro-Printing (LAMP) technique is proposed and demonstrated for organic device patterning. A printing plate is first prepared by surface engineering so that a designed surface energy pattern is achieved. The printing plate is then coated with “ink,” brought into contact the device substrate, and the “ink” is transferred. With this approach, the red (R), green (G) blue (B) sub-pixel arrays needed in a full-color display can be printed in three successive steps, one step for each color. Both single-color pixel arrays and R, G, B sub-pixel arrays have been patterned as a demonstration of the feasibility of this method. The technique has the potential advantages of low-cost and high-throughput and it avoids some of the practical problems associated with the design and operation of an ink-jet apparatus.
Optimization of Organic Solar Cells and Photodetectors Based on Pentacene Thin Films
Authors: Yoo S. , Domercq B. , Kippelen B.
Published: September 2016

We report on the photovoltaic properties of efficient multilayer devices based on pentacene thin films as a function of light intensity. Light-induced effects are characterized by the refined equivalent circuit model which incorporates an additional shunt resistance and an additional diode whose properties are function of the light intensity. Relative effects of these intensity-dependent parameters as well as the route to further optimization are discussed.
Charge Carrier Mobility Measurements in Tetracene Single Crystals
Authors: Pflauma Jens , Niemax Jens , Tripathi Ashutosh Kumar
Published: September 2016

We present data on the transport of charge carriers in the organic semiconductor tetracene. Comparative measurements by time-of-flight (TOF) spectroscopy and measurements in field-effect transistor (FET) geometry reveal hole mobilities of about 1 cm2/Vs. Whereas for FETs only hole transport can be detected, from TOF a strong dispersive transport for negative charge carriers is observed. This observation is mainly caused by deep-level trapping of electrons. By fitting the temperature dependent hole mobility to a model of multiple-trapping and release of charge carriers the trap energy and the relative trap density can be adjusted to 130 meV and 5·10-3, respectively. Comparative chemical and structural analysis of inhomogeneities show that the traps affecting the transport are mainly caused by chemical defects rather than by structural imperfections.
Spectroscopic Ellipsometry of the Optical Functions of Some Widely Used Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) Materials.
Authors: Liu Z. T. , Oey C. C. , Djuriši A. B. , Kwong C. Y. , Cheung C. H. , Chan W. K. , Chui P. C.
Published: September 2016

In this work, optical functions of some widely used OLEDs materials 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3), (N,N′-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N′- diphenylbenzidine (NPB),poly(3,4,-ethylene dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS) and indium tin oxide (ITO)) were studied using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) in the spectral range from 1.55 eV to 4.1 eV (wavelength range of 300 nm to 800 nm). The samples were prepared either by thermal evaporation in high vacuum or spin-coating of thin films onto glass substrates. For determination of the optical functions of ITO, commercial ITO glass was used. Measurements at different incident angles were performed to determine whether the samples can be considered isotropic. The SE data were modeled using an oscillator model (Lorentz for semiconducting and Lorentz-Drude for conducting materials). The absorption spectra were also measured, and the comparison with the data determined by SE is given.
Photoelectron Spectroscopy Investigation of Interface Formation Between poly(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)- 1,4-phenylene vinylene) and Aluminum
Authors: Demirkan K. , Mathew A. , Opila R. L.
Published: September 2016

Al was thermally evaporated onto the conjugated semiconductor polymer, poly(2-methoxy-5,2′- ethyl-hexyloxy-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV) in successive steps. Interface formation and chemical interactions between the polymer and Al were investigated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and synchrotron source Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS). XPS analyses (angle resolved and sputtering depth profile) proved the formation of an insulating aluminum oxide layer at the polymer metal interface. The C-O bonds in the polymer decreased as more Al was evaporated on the MEH-PPV. Also reaction between Al and the carbon backbone of the polymer leading to the creation of carbon-metal bonds was observed. UPS analysis suggested the possibility of Al reacting with the phenylene ring of the polymer.
Inorganic Nanowire Light-Emitting Diodes in Organic Films
Authors: Könenkamp R. , Word Robert , Schlegel Christoph
Published: September 2016

We report room-temperature, white-color electroluminescence in ZnO nanowires embedded solidly in organic thin films. Excitonic luminescence around 380 nm is observed as a shoulder on a broader, defect-related band covering all of the visible range and centered at 620 nm. The ZnO nanowires are grown in a low-temperature process employing a technique that is suitable for large-area applications. The nanowires are robustly encapsulated in organic films deposited from high-molecular-weight solutions. Electron injection occurs through a transparent SnO2 layer, while hole injection is mediated by a p-doped polymer and an evaporated Au-contact.
Programmable Conductance Switching and Negative Differential Resistance in Nanoscale Organic Films
Authors: Graves-Abe Troy , Sturm J.C.
Published: September 2016

Thin (12-nm) self-assembled films of the insulating molecule 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) were contacted by gold electrodes in a sandwich structure. Current-voltage scans of the resulting devices revealed symmetric negative differential resistance (NDR) with peaks at ±3 V and large peak current densities of up to 104 A/cm2. Devices could be programmed reversibly into nonvolatile high- and low-conductance states by applying 1-ms voltage pulses of 4 V and 10 V, respectively; this conductance could be probed non-destructively with voltages below 2.5 V. A conductance ratio of 103 between the high- and low-conductance states was measured. The NDR is attributed to the dynamic alteration of the device conductivity as the voltage is scanned. Devices fabricated with one gold and one aluminum electrode displayed NDR only for positive bias on the gold electrode, which supports a model in which the observed programming and NDR is due to the movement of gold in the film leading to the formation and destruction of conductive pathways through the insulating layer.
Water-Soluble Paracyclophane Fluorophores with Large Two-Photon Action Cross Sections
Authors: Woo Han Young , Korystov Dmitry , Mikhailovsky Alexander , Bazan Guillermo C.
Published: September 2016

A series of tetradonor substituted [2.2]paracyclophane-based two-photon absorption (TPA) fluorophores were designed, synthesized and characterized. Different substituents were chosen to modulate the conjugation and the donor strength and to allow the molecules to be neutral (N series, organic-soluble) or charged (C series, water-soluble). The overall set of compounds series allows us to examine the correlation among the solvent polarity, donor ability of the substituents, and TPA action cross section (ηδd, where δ is the TPA cross section and η is the quantum yield). In water, a significant drop of both δ and η is observed, approximately one-third relative to those in toluene. Weaker donors and/or weaker acceptors with enhanced conjugation are a better choice due to a minimized quenching related to strong charge transfer (CT) upon excitation. One thus needs to fine-tune the magnitude of CT and find an optimal balance among CT,δ and η.
Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13)
Authors: Luz Laércio Lima , Santiago Lívia Maria , Silva João Francisco Santos da , Mattos Inês Echenique
Published: September 2016

This study aims to assess the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13). Interviews were carried out with individuals aged 60 years and over receiving care at an ambulatory cancer centre. Test-retest reliability was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficients and Cohen's kappa coefficient. Construct validity was assessed by testing convergent and discriminant validity using principal component analysis and Varimax rotation. The Spearman correlation coefficient value of the comparison between test and retest scores was 0.98 (p < 0.001). All intraclass correlation coefficient values were higher than 0.60 and kappa coefficients varied between 0.33 and 0.94. Three identified factors explained 72.6% of overall sample variance. VES-13 presented good convergent validity and reasonable discriminant validity. The psychometric properties of the adapted version of the VES-13 are consistent and adequate for use with the Brazilian population.
Autopercepção positiva de saúde em idosos: estudo populacional no Sul do Brasil
Authors: Confortin Susana Cararo , Giehl Maruí Weber Corseuil , Antes Danielle Ledur , Schneider Ione Jayce Ceola , d’Orsi Eleonora
Published: September 2016

O objetivo foi identificar fatores associados à autopercepção positiva de saúde em idosos de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Sul do Brasil. Trata- se de estudo transversal, de base populacional, com 1.705 idosos. A autopercepção de saúde foi classificada como positiva (muito boa e boa) e negativa (regular, ruim e muito ruim). A regressão bruta e ajustada de Poisson foi utilizada para identificar os fatores associados. A prevalência do desfecho foi de 51,2%, associada positivamente ao sexo masculino (RP = 1,13), ter mais de 5 anos de estudo, consumo moderado (RP = 1,33) ou alto de álcool (RP = 1,37), ser ativo no lazer (RP = 1,20), utilizar Internet (RP = 1,21), menor número de morbidades, dependência leve/moderada (RP = 2,20) ou nenhuma (RP = 2,67), não sofrer quedas (RP = 1,19) e não fazer uso de polifarmácia (RP = 1,27). Foram identificados diversos fatores modificáveis que podem interferir na autopercepção de saúde positiva de idosos e contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estratégias para melhorar a qualidade de vida desses.
Composição química e eficácia do óleo essencial e do extrato etanólico de Alpinia zerumbet sobre Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Castro Karina Neoob de Carvalho , Lima David Fernandes , Vasconcelos Luciene Costa , Santos Raimunda Cardoso , Pereira Alitiene Moura Lemos , Fogaça Fabíola Helena dos Santos , Canuto Kirley Marques , Brito Edy Sousa de , Calvet Rodrigo Maciel
Published: September 2016

RESUMO: O presente trabalho descreve a atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial e do extrato etanólico das folhas de Alpinia zerumbet (colônia) sobre cepas de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas de vacas com mastite subclínica e cepas padrão ATCC 29213 e ATCC 25923, por meio do método de difusão em ágar. Foram utilizados 10 tratamentos contendo diferentes concentrações do óleo essencial e do extrato etanólico (100,0; 50,0; 25,0; 12,5 e 6,3 mg.mL-1) e o grupo controle (álcool etílico a 50% e Tween a 1%). Os constituintes majoritários do óleo essencial foram p -cimeno (32,72%), 1,8-cineol (24,05%) e 4-terpineol (20,23%), sendo esses determinados por cromatografia a gás acoplada a espectrometria de massas e cromatografia a gás com detector de ionização de chama (CG-EM/DIC). No extrato etanólico foi detectado o ácido elágico e três flavonoides: rutina, quercetina e campferol, por meio de cromatografia a líquido de alta eficiência acoplada a detector de arranjo de diodo (CLAE-DAD). Todas as cepas apresentaram sensibilidade aos tratamentos com óleo essencial e extrato etanólico. A melhor resposta foi obtida com o óleo essencial de A. zerumbet que, na concentração de 100 mg.mL-1 proporcionou inibição total do crescimento bacteriano. Esses resultados sugerem o potencial antibacteriano do óleo essencial e do extrato etanólico de A. zerumbet no controle da mastite bovina.
Design strategies for buildings with low embodied energy
Authors: Lupíšek Antonín , Nehasilová Marie , Mančík Štěpán , Železná Julie , Růžička Jan , Fiala Ctislav , Tywoniak Jan , Hájek Petr
Published: September 2016

This paper presents building design strategies for reducing embodied energy and embodied carbon dioxide emissions as developed within the International Energy Agency’s Energy in Buildings and Communities Programme. The design strategies are illustrated using three case studies of design optimisations of building elements, the building structural system and the whole building. The first case study shows the environmental optimisation of a curtain wall facade element using bio-based materials. The second case study presents the optimisation of the structural system for a residential building by lightening the floor structures through utilising ultrahigh-performance concrete and vertical elements with reduced cross-section. The third case study presents an alternative design for a passive-design family house in Prague in the Czech Republic, leading to hybrid construction of light prefabricated concrete elements, a timber frame and a timber-based building envelope.
Briefing: Forensic geotechnical engineering
Authors: Sivakumar Babu G. L.
Published: September 2016

Forensic geotechnical engineering is an emerging discipline with a focus on understanding what went wrong, what could have happened and how failures can be prevented using engineering analysis principles in the case of failures of geological/geotechnical origin. In recognition of the importance of the topic, the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering constituted a Technical Committee (TC) on forensic geotechnical engineering in 2005. During the first 4 years, it was designated as TC40 and subsequently designated as TC302 in 2009 in the reorganisation of technical committees. The committee conducted programmes and major conferences to bring out failure cases and identify the reasons as well as lessons learnt. In this briefing, steps involved in forensic analysis, such as collection of data and their characterisation, formulation of the hypothesis of failure, understanding of failure mechanisms, back analysis, consideration of testing and measurements in formulation of statements, reliability analysis and liability are discussed. The role of an expert witness is highlighted.
Sharp-crested weir located at the end of a circular channel
Authors: Vatankhah Ali R. , Khalili Somayeh
Published: September 2016

Sharp-crested weirs are frequently used for discharge measurements in open channels. They offer a simple, reliable and accurate flow measurement approach if they are properly installed and maintained. Suppressed weirs can be installed in channels with different shapes. The standard suppressed rectangular weir is well documented in the literature. The current research is conducted to achieve an accurate and simple formula for flow through the suppressed, sharp-crested weir located at the end of circular, open channels. The discharge equation of a suppressed, circular weir ends up as incomplete elliptic integrals of the first and second kinds, which are not very suitable for practical purposes owing to their complexity. In this study, a simple and accurate theoretical discharge equation has been presented for this weir. A series of laboratory experiments (244 runs) are also performed to investigate the discharge coefficient of sharp-crested weirs located at the end of two horizontal, circular, open channels. Using the data collected from two pipes of diameters 19·1 and 30·1 cm, a suitable discharge coefficient equation with an average relative error of less than 2·3% is presented; thus actual discharge through the channel can be simply estimated using the proposed equations.
Petrogenesis of Rinjani Post-1257-Caldera-Forming-Eruption Lava Flows
Authors: Rachmat Heryadi , Rosana Mega Fatimah , Wirakusumah Ade Djumarma , Jabbar Gamma Abdul
Published: September 2016

DOI:10.17014/ijog.3.2.107-126After the catastrophic 1257 caldera-forming eruption, a new chapter of Old Rinjani volcanic activity beganwith the appearance of Rombongan and Barujari Volcanoes within the caldera. However, no published petrogeneticstudy focuses mainly on these products. The Rombongan eruption in 1944 and Barujari eruptions in pre-1944, 1966,1994, 2004, and 2009 produced basaltic andesite pyroclastic materials and lava flows. A total of thirty-one sampleswere analyzed, including six samples for each period of eruption except from 2004 (only one sample). The sampleswere used for petrography, whole-rock geochemistry, and trace and rare earth element analyses. The Rombonganand Barujari lavas are composed of calc-alkaline and high K calc-alkaline porphyritic basaltic andesite. The magmashows narrow variation of SiO2 content that implies small changes during its generation. The magma that formedRombongan and Barujari lavas is island-arc alkaline basalt. Generally, data show that the rocks are enriched in LargeIon Lithophile Elements (LILE: K, Rb, Ba, Sr, and Ba) and depleted in High Field Strength Elements (HFSE: Y, Ti,and Nb) which are typically a suite from a subduction zone. The pattern shows a medium enrichment in Light REEand relatively depleted in Heavy REE. The processes are dominantly controlled by fractional crystallization andmagma mixing. All of the Barujari and Rombongan lavas would have been produced by the same source of magmawith little variation in composition caused by host rock filter process. New flux of magma would likely have occurredfrom pre-1944 until 2009 period that indicates slightly decrease and increase of SiO2 content. The Rombongan andBarujari lava generations show an arc magma differentiation trend.
Seismic Interpretation of the Nam Con Son Basin and its Implication for the Tectonic Evolution
Authors: Tuan Nguyen Quang , Tri Tran Van
Published: September 2016

DOI:10.17014/ijog.3.2.127-137The Nam Con Son Basin covering an area of circa 110,000 km2 is characterized by complex tectonic settings of the basin which has not fully been understood. Multiple faults allowed favourable migration passageways for hydrocarbons to go in and out of traps. Despite a large amount of newly acquired seismic and well data there is no significant update on the tectonic evolution and history of the basin development. In this study, the vast amount of seismic and well data were integrated and reinterpreted to define the key structural events in the Nam Con Son Basin. The results show that the basin has undergone two extentional phases. The first N - S extensional phase terminated at around 30 M.a. forming E - W trending grabens which are complicated by multiple half grabens filled by Lower Oligocene sediments. These grabens were reactivated during the second NW - SE extension (Middle Miocene), that resulted from the progressive propagation of NE-SW listric fault from the middle part of the grabens to the margins, and the large scale building up of roll-over structure. Further to the SW, the faults of the second extentional phase turn to NNE-SSW and ultimately N - S in the SW edge of the basin. Most of the fault systems were inactive by Upper Miocene except for the N - S fault system which is still active until recent time.
Comparative study between posturography and caloric test in balance disorders
Authors: Swami Himanshu , Sivan Maneesha , M. Bharath
Published: September 2016

Background: Vertigo is a common clinical problem encountered by otolaryngologist. There are various causes balance disorders including pathologies of inner ear, somatosensory system and visual disturbances to name a few. Caloric test is suitable for inner ear disorders. Posturography promises to be more holistic in diagnosis of balance disorders.

Methods: 50 patients suffering from imbalance were accrued. They were subjected to caloric test and posturography by using static balance platform. Canal paresis and directional preponderance were measured by caloric test and modified clinical test for sensory interaction on balance (mCTSIB was performed on static balance platform).  

Results: Caloric test was found to be positive in 17 whereas static balance platform detected abnormalities in 28 patients.

Conclusions: Posturography by use of static balance platform can be an important tool in determining the cause of imbalance. The detection of abnormalities as compared to caloric test is statistically significant.
Williams-Beuren Syndrome:A Rare Case from Western India
Authors: Gadhia Pankaj K. , Vaniawala Salil N.
Published: September 2016

Williams-Beuren Syndrome (WBS) also known as Williams Syndrome (WS) is a rare multisystem genetic disorder having incidence of 1 in 20,000 to 50,000 live births. WS caused by deletion of 26 - 28 contiguous genes including elastin (ELN) on chromosome 7q11.23. It is characterized by congenital heart defects, skeletal and renal anomalies. We report herein two rare cases of WS (One male and one female) from Western India varying clinical presentation. The confirmation was carried out by cytogenetic analysis and FISH test.
Neonatal Jaundice: Evaluating the Knowledge and Practice of Expectant Mothers in Aba, Nigeria
Authors: Onyearugha C. N. , Chapp-Jumbo A. , George I. O.
Published: September 2016

Background: Neonatal jaundice is a foremost cause of hospitalization in the first week of life worldwide. If not properly managed, it may result in significant bilirubin-induced morbidity and mortality. Aim: To evaluate the knowledge and practice of expectant mothers towards neonatal jaundice (NNJ) in Aba, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a questionnaire based study involving 300 expectant mothers during antenatal visit. Data was entered into a computer and descriptive analysis done using SPSS software version 17. Results: The respondents were aged 19 - 44 years, mean age, 29.2 ± 4.6 years. Two hundred and eighty eight (96%) were aware of NNJ, and 150 (50%) had health workers as their source of information. Most, 249 (83%) knew one site of recognition of NNJ. Only 24 (8%) knew one danger sign while 264 (88%) did not know any at all. Majority, 244 (81.3%) did not know any cause of NNJ. Only 30 (10%) knew appropriate treatment modality while only 42 (14%) would appropriately take a baby with NNJ immediately to hospital. Conclusion: There is paucity of knowledge on causes and danger signs of NNJ amongst expectant mothers in Aba. Health care providers should be encouraged to disseminate information on NNJ to the general population in places of worship, communal and social gatherings.
Paecilomyces lilacinus: An Emerging Pathogen
Authors: Ramya T. G. , Baby Sabitha , Geetha R. K.
Published: September 2016

Paecilomyces is a common saprophyte found in air and food and is also associated with many types of human infections. Pneumonia due to Paecilomyces is rare and the clinical manifestations are unspecific. So distinguishing Paecilomyces infection clinically and prompt microbiological identification will help in adminiatering empirical antifungal therapy. We describe a case of atypical pneumonia by Paecilomyces lilacinus in a patient with interstitial lung disease and cor pulmonale. The female patient had breathlessness for over two years and was admitted to hospital as it worsened. Her X-ray revealed right and left ventricular failure. Sputum was sent for fungal bacterial culture and KOH for fungal elements. The Culture on Sabourouds Dextrose Agar grew purecolonies of Paecilomyces.