bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel flexible CO2 gas sensor based on polyvinyl alcohol/yttrium oxide nanocomposite films
Authors: Kumar Y. Ravi , Thangamani J. Gounder , Karthik T. V. Krishna , Deshmukh Kalim , Pasha S. K. Khadheer
Published: February 2024

Polyvinyl alcohol/yttrium oxide (PVA/Y2O3) nanocomposite films with five different weight ratios of PVA and Y2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using a simple solution casting method.
Low temperature synthesis of ZnO particles using a CO2-driven mechanism under high pressure
Authors: Furuya Taishi , Shimoyama Yusuke , Orita Yasuhiko
Published: February 2024

Low temperature synthesis of ZnO particles using a new reaction mechanism driven by supercritical CO2.
Fabrication of highly stretchable salt and solvent blended PEDOT:PSS/PVA free-standing films: non-linear to linear electrical conduction response
Authors: Sau Sanjib , Kundu Sarathi
Published: February 2024

Nowadays, ductile and conducting polymeric materials are highly utilizable in the realm of stretchable organic electronics.
A comparative study of transient flow rate steps and ramps for the efficient collection of kinetic data
Authors: Schrecker Linden , Dickhaut Joachim , Holtze Christian , Staehle Philipp , Vranceanu Marcel , Wieja Andy , Hellgardt Klaus , Hii King Kuok
Published: February 2024

Comparative study of simply implementable flow rate transient methods for the efficient collection of accurate kinetic data in flow.
Sample efficient reinforcement learning with active learning for molecular design
Authors: Dodds Michael , Guo Jeff , Löhr Thomas , Tibo Alessandro , Engkvist Ola , Janet Jon Paul
Published: February 2024

Active learning accelerates the design of molecules during generative reinforcement learning by creating surrogate models of expensive reward functions, obtaining a 4- to 64-fold reduction in computational effort per hit.
Soft confinement of self-propelled rods: simulation and theory
Authors: Modica Kevin J. , Takatori Sho C.
Published: February 2024

We present an analytical framework for evolving the dynamics of active rods under any periodic external potential; as a proof of concept, we use this to calculate rod dispersion in confining channels and alignment in arrays of harmonic traps.
Learning how to find targets in the micro-world: the case of intermittent active Brownian particles
Authors: Caraglio Michele , Kaur Harpreet , Fiderer Lukas J. , López-Incera Andrea , Briegel Hans J. , Franosch Thomas , Muñoz-Gil Gorka
Published: February 2024

Microswimmers able to switch their dynamics between standard and active Brownian motion can learn how to optimize their odds of finding unknown targets by tuning the probability of switching from the active to the passive phase and vice versa.
Using cryo-SEM and EDS to investigate the stabilisation of oil–water interfaces in mixed aqueous-and-oil foams
Authors: Si Yuchen , Laidlaw Fraser H. J. , Li Tao , Clegg Paul S.
Published: February 2024

Cryo-SEM combined with EDS can provide new insight into the structure of complex composite materials.
Dynamics of individual inkjet printed picoliter droplet elucidated by high speed laser speckle imaging
Authors: Antonelli Riccardo , Fokkink Remco , Sprakel Joris , Kodger Thomas E.
Published: February 2024

Laser Speckle Imaging is used to follow the concomitant processes during inkjet printing, including droplet impact, wetting, evaporation, and imbibement into a substrate as well as consequential substrate rearrangements and remodeling.
Nanomaterial-based electrochemical chemo(bio)sensors for the detection of nanoplastic residues: trends and future prospects
Authors: Jebril Siwar , Fredj Zina , Saeed Ayman Ali , Gonçalves Anne-Marie , Kaur Mandheer , Kumar Ashwani , Singh Baljit
Published: February 2024

Nanoplastic residues in our aquatic ecosystems poses a serious global concern which needs effective monitoring to implement actions and control measures. Electrochemical chemo(bio)sensors emerge as a promising tool for their detection to protect our global water and environmental resources.
The temperature-controlled optimization of g-C3N4 structure significantly enhances the efficiency of photothermal catalytic NO removal
Authors: Qi Kai , Tan Guoqiang , Lu Zihan , Gao Xiangyu , Zhang Zhuoyuan , Liu Dan , Lv Rui , Jing Da , Luo Peng , Dong Guohui
Published: February 2024

The efficiency of photocatalytic NO removal is often constrained by catalyst lifespan and secondary contamination from reaction products.
Simultaneous antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of two-dimensional (2D) MXene-loaded isoquercetin for ischemic stroke treatment
Authors: Fan Limin , Lin Xinhua , Hong Limin , Li Lehui , Lin Run , Ren Tianbin , Tian Jia , Chen Miao
Published: February 2024

We developed Ti2C@BSA-ISO nanocomposites as a novel therapeutic nanomedicine for ischemic stroke treatment. Ti2C@BSA-ISO can reverse the decrease in cellular activity caused by ROS and promote neuroprotection and scavenging of ROS in the hippocampal CA1 area and cerebral cortex of rats.
A redox-responsive macrocycle based on the crown ether C7Te for enhanced bacterial inhibition
Authors: Hao Yuchong , Qi Zhenhui , Ge Yan , Pan Tiezheng , Yu Luofeng , Li Peng
Published: February 2024

Due to increasing bacterial resistance to disinfectants, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic agents and strategies to effectively inhibit bacteria.
Green hydrothermally synthesized ultrathin Mg-doped CuO nanoflakes: a structural, electrical and dielectric study
Authors: Saadallah H. A. A. , Mohamed M. A. A. , Hardianto Y. P. , Hakeem A. M. Abdel , Saleh S. A. , Kyrychenko R. , Wolf D. , Schiemenz S. , Popov A. , Hampel S. , Ibrahim E. M. M.
Published: February 2024

Pure and Mg-doped CuO nanoflakes were synthesized by a surfactant-free hydrothermal approach. The electric and dielectric properties of CuO can be tuned by optimizing the Mg doping level.
A bio-inspired colorimetric sensor based on ethylene glycol – non-close-packed photonic crystals for visual monitoring of ammonia
Authors: Zheng Wenxiang , Zhang Niu , Murtaza Ghulam , Wu Lei , Meng Zihui , Qiu Lili
Published: February 2024

A colorimetric sensor based on NPCs with selectivity, stability and durability was prepared for ammonia visual monitoring, and the reflective peak blue shifted from 626 nm to 482 nm and realized colorimetric sensing in the entire visual color range.
Silk fibroin/graphene quantum dots composite memristor with multi-level resistive switching for synaptic emulators
Authors: Fan Suna , Liu Shubin , Xie Yulong , Zhou Xinglu , Zhang Yaopeng
Published: February 2024

Silk fibroin (SF)/graphene quantum dots (GQDs) composite memristor realizes three resistance states in single scanning cycle and has the ability to simulate synaptic plasticity.
Polyoxometalate-based ionic liquids: efficient reversible phase transformation-type catalysts for thiolation of alcohols to construct C–S bonds
Authors: Li Jikun , Ma Junwei , Wei Chuanping , Zheng Zebao , Han Yinfeng , Wang Huiping , Wang Xueshen , Hu Changwen
Published: February 2024

[PIMPS]3PW12O40 was used as a reversible phase transformation-type catalyst for the thiolation of alcohols to synthesize a series of benzyl thioethers and exhibited high activity and good recyclability.
Scanning tunneling microscopy study of [1,1:3,1′′-terphenyl]-4,4′′-dicarboxylic acid on HOPG
Authors: Li Siqi , Peng Xuan , Zhai WenChao , Chen XiaoLing , Deng Ke , Li Wei
Published: February 2024

TMA molecules destroyed the single-row structure formed by TDA self-assembly. When COR was introduced into this system, the newly formed hexagonal co-assembly structure collapsed and the resulting structure is dependent on the concentration of the COR solution.
WO3/MIL-125 (Ti) composite material for enhancing the reduction of Cr(vi) under visible light
Authors: Jin Chunhong , Liu Jingchao , Yin Yilin , Li Zenghe
Published: February 2024

A WO3 and MIL-125 (Ti) composite material was prepared by the ball milling method, and Cr(vi) was reduced under visible light with significant reduction effect.
Preparation of Fe3O4@CSAC catalyst and its degradation performance and heat release mechanisms in sewage degradation
Authors: Zhang Ke , Yan Yuntao
Published: February 2024

To investigate the exothermic characteristics of a heterogeneous Fenton system during the degradation of organic sewage and provide technical support for energy recovery in sewage treatment, the catalyst Fe3O4@CSAC (coconut shell-activated carbon) was prepared.
On the fate of deep eutectic solvents after their use as reaction media: the CO2 production during downstream and ultimate disposal
Authors: Domínguez de María Pablo , Kara Selin
Published: February 2024

What can we do with Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) once they have been used? What can be their disposal and final fate? This perspective adds some considerations to stimulate the debate.
Boosting the performance of low‐cost eco‐friendly pyramidal absorbers with a Salisbury screen
Authors: Sahraei A. , Sadeghzadeh R. A. , Aliakbarian H. , Vandenbosch Guy A. E.
Published: February 2024

Instead of using expensive highly performing conventional pyramidal absorbers, in some cases, the use of absorbers based on very cheap eco‐friendly materials is an attractive alternative. The authors introduce a novel technique to improve the absorption bandwidth of these intrinsically low‐quality absorbers by adding a Salisbury screen at the base of the pyramidal absorber, which adds two extra design parameters. The first is the resistive sheet surface impedance, and the second is the resonance frequency of the Salisbury screen. By tuning these two parameters, better impedance matching can be obtained. This is verified with the help of a transmission line model, full‐wave simulations, and measurements. The method is applied to two different lower‐quality absorbers found in the literature. In the first absorber, the operating bandwidth is increased at the lower frequency side by 40%, and in the second one, this is about 90%. Finally, a prototype of an eco‐friendly combined absorber is designed and fabricated. The measurement validates the expected behaviour.
The debiased morphological transformations of galaxies since z = 3 in CANDELS
Authors: Salvador D. , Cerulo P. , Valenzuela K. , Demarco R. , Oyarzo F. , Gatica C.
Published: February 2024

Context. Morphological quantitative measurements and visual-like classifications are susceptible to biases arising from the expansion of the Universe. One of these biases is the effect of cosmological surface brightness dimming (CSBD): the measured surface brightness of a galaxy decays with redshift as (1 + z)−4. This effect might lead an observer to perceive an altered morphology compared to the real one.

Aims. Our goal is to investigate the impact of CSBD on morphological classifications to determine the true evolution of morphological classes over redshift for field galaxies, and to interpret these results in the context of morphological transformations and star formation quenching.

Methods. We employed artificial redshifting techniques on a sample of 268 galaxies in the five CANDELS fields, spanning redshifts from z = 0.2 to z = 3.0. We compared the visual classifications and morphological coefficients (G, M20, and As) obtained from the original and simulated images. Subsequently, we developed two correction methods to mitigate the effects of CSBD.

Results. Our findings reveal that CSBD, low resolution, and signal-to-noise significantly bias the visual morphological classifications beyond z > 1. Specifically, we observed an overestimation of the fractions of spheroids and irregular galaxies by up to 50%, while the fractions of early- and late-type disks were underestimated by 10% and 50%, respectively. However, we found that morphological coefficients are not significantly affected by CSBD at z < 2.25. We validated the consistency of our correction methods by applying them to the observed morphological fractions in the IllustrisTNG-50 sample and comparing them to previous studies.

Conclusions. We propose two potential sources of confusion regarding the visual classifications due to CSBD. Firstly, galaxies may be misclassified as spheroids, as the dimming effect primarily renders the bulge component visible. Secondly, galaxies may be misidentified as irregulars due to their more diffuse and asymmetric appearance at high redshifts. By analyzing the morphological fractions of star-forming and quiescent subsamples as a function of redshift and stellar mass, we propose a scenario where late-type disks transform into quiescent spheroids through mergers or to early-type disks through secular evolution or active galactic nucleus feedback.
An N-body/hydrodynamical simulation study of the merging cluster El Gordo: A compelling case for self-interacting dark matter?
Authors: Valdarnini R.
Published: February 2024

We used a large set N-body/hydrodynamical simulations to study the physical properties of the merging cluster El Gordo. We find that the observed X-ray structures, along with other data, can be matched fairly well by simulations with collision velocities 2000 km s−1 ≲ V ≲ 2500 km s−1 and impact parameters 600 kpc ≲ P ≲ 800 kpc. The mass of the primary is constrained to be between ∼1015 M⊙ and ∼1.6 × 1015 M⊙, in accordance with recent lensing-based mass measurements. Moreover, a returning, post-apocenter, scenario is not supported by our head-on simulations. We also considered merger models that incorporate dark matter self-interactions. The simulation results show that the observed spatial offsets between the different mass components are well reproduced in self-interacting dark matter models with an elastic cross-section in the range σDM/mX ∼ 4 − 5 cm2 gr−1. In addition, the mean relative line-of-sight radial velocity between the two brightest cluster galaxies is found to be on the order of several hundred km s−1. We argue that these findings provide an unambiguous signature of a dark matter behavior that exhibits collisional properties in a very energetic high-redshift cluster collision. The range of allowed values we find for σDM/mX is, however, inconsistent with present upper limits. To resolve this tension, we suggest the possibility that the self-interacting dark matter model used here be considered as only a low-order approximation, and that the underlying physical processes that describe the interaction of dark matter in major cluster mergers are more complex than can be adequately represented by the commonly assumed approach based on the scattering of dark matter particles.
Hydrogenated amorphous carbon grains as an alternative carrier of the 9–13 μm plateau feature in the fullerene planetary nebula Tc 1
Authors: Gómez-Muñoz M. A. , García-Hernández D. A. , Barzaga R. , Manchado A. , Huertas-Roldán T.
Published: February 2024

Fullerenes have been observed in several astronomical objects since the discovery of C60 in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectrum of the planetary nebula (PN) Tc 1. It has been suggested that the carriers of the broad unidentified infrared (UIR) plateau features, such as the 9–13 μm emission feature (12 μm hereafter), may be related to the formation of fullerenes. In particular, their carriers have been suggested to be mixed aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hydrogenated amorphous carbon (HAC-like hereafter) grains. For this study, we modeled the mid-IR emission of the C60-PN Tc 1 with a photoionization code, including for the first time the laboratory optical constants (n and k indices) of HAC-like dust at 300 K. Interestingly, we find that the broad 12 μm plateau feature in Tc 1 is well reproduced by using a distribution of canonical HAC grains, while at the same time they provide an important fraction of the IR dust continuum emission and are consistent with the other UIR features observed (e.g., the broad 6–9 μm plateau feature). This finding suggests that HAC-like grains may be possible carriers of the 12 μm plateau feature, being likely related to the fullerene formation mechanism in PNe. More laboratory experiments, to obtain the optical constants of HAC-like dust with several structures or a composition at different physical conditions, are strongly encouraged – that is, in order to extend this pilot study to more fullerene PNe, and to unveil the details of fullerene formation and of the potential carriers of the elusive UIR plateau features.
Management of Rheumatic Diseases During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Authors: Kuschel Bettina , Schäfer-Graf Ute Margaretha , Schmidt Markus , Kühnert Maritta , Hagenbeck Carsten , Thürmel Klaus ,   for the AGG – Section Maternal Diseases in Pregnancy
Published: February 2024

Purpose These recommendations issued by the AGG (Section Maternal Diseases in Pregnancy) were developed as a rapid orientation on maternal rheumatic diseases for counselling and
disease management in pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Methods The standard literature, consensus and position papers, guidelines and recommendations by other specialist associations were evaluated by a task force of the Section and
summarized in these recommendations following a joint consensus process.

Recommendations This paper provides an orientating overview of the physiology, pathophysiology and definitions of rheumatic diseases which is relevant for gynecologists and
obstetricians. The recommendations focus on the maternal, fetal and neonatal diagnostic workup in cases with underlying maternal rheumatic disease.
Kardiovaskuläre Prävention in der Praxis – Bekanntes und Neues
Authors: Pozza Robert Dalla
Published: February 2024

Aus vielerlei Gründen werden Kinder und Jugendliche bereits in frühen Jahren durch zahlreiche kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren belastet, welche in Summe vorzeitige Atherosklerose fördern können. Eine Übertragung des kardiovaskulären Risikos in das Erwachsenenalter ist bekannt – und weiterhin stellen kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen wie Myokardinfarkt und ischämischer Schlaganfall die Haupttodesursache weltweit. Es gilt also, das „Übel an der Wurzel zu packen“ – primär präventiv tätig zu sein. Hierzu ist der Kinder- und Jugendarzt in Klinik und vor allem in der Praxis aufgerufen. Er steht an erster Stelle, wenn es um die frühzeitige Entdeckung von Risikofaktoren für spätere Erkrankungen geht. Er kann Weichen stellen, wenn es um die Verhinderung von Komplikationen geht. Eine derartige Tätigkeit setzt profunde Kenntnisse im Bereich der Diagnose und Behandlung kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren voraus. Der folgende Überblick will dazu eine Hilfestellung geben.
Advancing Diagnostics and Patient Care: The Role of Biomarkers in Radiology
Authors: Sebro Ronnie
Published: February 2024

The integration of biomarkers into medical practice has revolutionized the field of radiology, allowing for enhanced diagnostic accuracy, personalized treatment strategies, and improved patient care outcomes. This review offers radiologists a comprehensive understanding of the diverse applications of biomarkers in medicine. By elucidating the fundamental concepts, challenges, and recent advancements in biomarker utilization, it will serve as a bridge between the disciplines of radiology and epidemiology. Through an exploration of various biomarker types, such as imaging biomarkers, molecular biomarkers, and genetic markers, I outline their roles in disease detection, prognosis prediction, and therapeutic monitoring. I also discuss the significance of robust study designs, blinding, power and sample size calculations, performance metrics, and statistical methodologies in biomarker research. By fostering collaboration between radiologists, statisticians, and epidemiologists, I hope to accelerate the translation of biomarker discoveries into clinical practice, ultimately leading to improved patient care.
Biomarkers of Cartilage Composition
Authors: Löffler Maximilian T. , Akkaya Zehra , Bhattacharjee Rupsa , Link Thomas M.
Published: February 2024

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has significantly advanced the understanding of osteoarthritis (OA) because it enables visualization of noncalcified tissues. Cartilage is avascular and nurtured by diffusion, so it has a very low turnover and limited capabilities of repair. Consequently, prevention of structural and detection of premorphological damage is key in maintaining cartilage health. The integrity of cartilage composition and ultrastructure determines its mechanical properties but is not accessible to morphological imaging. Therefore, various techniques of compositional MRI with and without use of intravenous contrast medium have been developed. Spin-spin relaxation time (T2) and spin-lattice relaxation time constant in rotating frame (T1rho) mapping, the most studied cartilage biomarkers, were included in the recent standardization effort by the Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (QIBA) that aims to make compositional MRI of cartilage clinically feasible and comparable. Additional techniques that are less frequently used include ultrashort echo time with T2*, delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC), glycosaminoglycan concentration by chemical exchange-dependent saturation transfer (gagCEST), sodium imaging, and diffusion-weighted MRI.
Bone Biomarkers Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Jerban Saeed , Jang Hyungseok , Chang Eric Y. , Bukata Susan , Du Jiang , Chung Christine B.
Published: February 2024

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used to evaluate the microstructural and compositional properties of bone. MRI-based biomarkers can characterize all major compartments of bone: organic, water, fat, and mineral components. However, with a short apparent spin-spin relaxation time (T2*), bone is invisible to conventional MRI sequences that use long echo times. To address this shortcoming, ultrashort echo time MRI sequences have been developed to provide direct imaging of bone and establish a set of MRI-based biomarkers sensitive to the structural and compositional changes of bone. This review article describes the MRI-based bone biomarkers representing total water, pore water, bound water, fat fraction, macromolecular fraction in the organic matrix, and surrogates for mineral density. MRI-based morphological bone imaging techniques are also briefly described.
Imaging Biomarkers of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Roemer Frank W. , Wirth Wolfgang , Demehri Shadpour , Kijowski Richard , Jarraya Mohamed , Hayashi Daichi , Eckstein Felix , Guermazi Ali
Published: February 2024

Currently no disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug has been approved for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) that can reverse, hold, or slow the progression of structural damage of OA-affected joints. The reasons for failure are manifold and include the heterogeneity of structural disease of the OA joint at trial inclusion, and the sensitivity of biomarkers used to measure a potential treatment effect.

This article discusses the role and potential of different imaging biomarkers in OA research. We review the current role of radiography, as well as advances in quantitative three-dimensional morphological cartilage assessment and semiquantitative whole-organ assessment of OA. Although magnetic resonance imaging has evolved as the leading imaging method in OA research, recent developments in computed tomography are also discussed briefly. Finally, we address the experience from the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Biomarker Consortium biomarker qualification study and the future role of artificial intelligence.
The costs, barriers and enablers of providing PGY2 placements in general practice in Aotearoa New Zealand: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Atmore Carol , Sullivan Trudy , Millar Jessica , Paulose Aisha , Shute Andy , Brown Dot , Stokes Tim
Published: February 2024

Introduction Few mandatory community-based attachments for postgraduate year two doctors (PGY2s) in Aotearoa New Zealand are hosted in general practices, due to space, time and remuneration barriers. Aim This study aimed to explore the costs, barriers and enablers to general practices of hosting PGY2s. Methods A cost analysis for four general practices beginning to host PGY2s was undertaken, including time spent supervising and supporting PGY2s, revenue impact including subsidies and cost of providing clinical space. Interviews with these practices and seven experienced PGY2 host practices were conducted and analysed thematically. Results The estimated mean cost of hosting PGY2s excluding room cost was NZ$4907 per 13-week placement (range $890–$9183), increasing to $13 727 per placement (range $5750–$24 715) when room rental was included. Four themes were identified: working within a small business model; a new learning environment for PGY2s; providing positive experiences for the PGY2s; the relationship between practices and district hospitals that employed the PGY2s, including job sizing. Discussion Tension exists between the small business model of general practice and providing positive experiences for PGY2s in a new learning environment. Guidance and support structures for PGY2 hosting should be developed nationally, and communication and cooperation between practices and employing hospitals needs improvement. Out-of-hours work should be included in community-based attachments so PGY2s’ remuneration is consistent. General practice teams are willing to be part of creating a sustainable workforce. However, the time taken to host and costs of providing training in primary care are barriers. There is urgent need to increase funding to general practices for hosting PGY2s.
Fonctionnement et évolution de deux paires de marqueurs romans formés sur le verbe
dire
Authors: Álvarez-Prendes Emma
Published: February 2024

L’analyse en synchronie et en diachronie de deux paires de marqueurs romans formés sur le verbe
dire (cela dit / ceci dit, dicho esto / dicho eso) a
révélé d’importantes similitudes et divergences entre eux. D’une part, ils ont été formés à partir du même moule linguistique,
partagent les mêmes possibilités distributionnelles et combinatoires et peuvent avoir les mêmes valeurs sémantiques. D’autre part,
la date d’émergence de ces marqueurs ainsi que celle du développement de leur valeurs sémantiques secondaires, ou encore la
répartition de ces valeurs en fonction de la position syntaxique, sont très différentes selon le marqueur considéré.
Normalizing assimilation in antiracist (con)texts and (re)producing liquid racism
Authors: Serafis Dimitris
Published: February 2024

This chapter aims to show how liquid racism (Weaver 2016) emerges
when assimilationist viewpoints are argumentatively normalized in mainstream (right- and left-wing) political-parliamentary
discourses in Greece. I analyze two seminal speeches given by two Greek political leaders, namely PM Kyriakos Mitsotakis (New
Democracy; European Peoples’ Party) and Opposition leader, Alexis Tsipras (SYRIZA; European Left), on October 31, 2019, in the
Greek parliament; that is, the very day of the vote in favor of the bill proposed by the Ministry of Citizen’s Protection,
which outlined the terms according to which international protection would be awarded by the Greek authorities to ‘foreign’
populations. I draw on the framework of Critical Discourse Studies (Wodak and Meyer
2016), employing tools from Social Semiotics (van Leeuwen 2008) and the
Argumentum Model of Topics (Rigotti and Greco 2019) to critically examine
standpoint-argument couplings inferred in the discursive representations of social actors and realized in the relevant
speeches. I conclude that the two Greek politicians under study converge to claims in favor of the assimilation of migrant
populations to the Greek context and therefore (re)produce liquid racism, despite their seemingly antiracist attitude and
their different ideological and political stance.
“The EU gave us a new beginning”
Authors: Giaxoglou Korina , Spilioti Tereza
Published: February 2024

In this chapter, we trace subtle forms of racism, known as liquid racism (Weaver 2010), in a personal experience story of a migrant’s journey, curated as part
of a communication campaign about the European Union (EU). Our analysis of the story is based on the examination of its
structure (emergence), its production and reception (wholeness) and its curation
(embedding; De Fina 2020) in relation to tellers’ and
audiences’ affective positioning (Giaxoglou 2021a), that is, the
ways in which tellers position themselves and others affectively within the taleworld, the storyrealm, and broader
master-discourses. We trace liquid racism in the way the migrant’s experience is commodified and in the way his experience is
collectivized, promoting an exemplary image of a ‘good’ and ‘grateful’ migrant. The chapter contributes a critical
approach to storytelling that can prove useful in tracing liquid racism emerging from the production of ambiguous
affective positions in antiracist narrative texts.
Racist and antiracist discourse in Greek migrant/refugee jokes
Authors: Tsami Vasia , Skoura Eirini , Archakis Argiris
Published: February 2024

Following the multiliteracies model (Kalantzis and
Cope 2012a), we design a critical teaching proposal focusing on migrant/refugee jokes. Although these jokes have an
antiracist intention, they end up reproducing racist views, bringing to the surface a modern and subtle kind of racism, i.e.
liquid racism (Weaver 2016). The aim of the analysis of such
texts in class is to enable students to identify how and why ‘antiracist’ jokes can (re)produce racist values and views, such
as the assimilation and deprecation of migrants/refugees, in an amusing and seemingly innocent manner. The critical teaching
of humor and discussions about racism, antiracism, and liquid racism in class could contribute to the deconstruction of
established conceptualizations of migrant/refugee populations, thus reinforcing different and antagonistic views to the
hegemonic racist discourse.
Microtubule-binding domains in Katanin p80 subunit are essential for severing activity inC. elegans
Authors: Beaumale Eva , Van Hove Lucie , Pintard Lionel , Joly Nicolas
Published: February 2024

Microtubule-severing enzymes (MSEs), such as Katanin, Spastin, and Fidgetin play essential roles in cell division and neurogenesis. They damage the microtubule (MT) lattice, which can either destroy or amplify the MT cytoskeleton, depending on the cellular context. However, little is known about how they interact with their substrates. We have identified the microtubule-binding domains (MTBD) required for Katanin function in C. elegans. Katanin is a heterohexamer of dimers containing a catalytic subunit p60 and a regulatory subunit p80, both of which are essential for female meiotic spindle assembly. Here, we report that p80-like(MEI-2) dictates Katanin binding to MTs via two MTBDs composed of basic patches. Substituting these patches reduces Katanin binding to MTs, compromising its function in female meiotic-spindle assembly. Structural alignments of p80-like(MEI-2) with p80s from different species revealed that the MTBDs are evolutionarily conserved, even if the specific amino acids involved vary. Our findings highlight the critical importance of the regulatory subunit (p80) in providing MT binding to the Katanin complex.
A generalized data assimilation architecture of digital twin for complex process industrial systems
Authors: Zhao Yanbo , Jiang Haonan , Cai Yuanli , Deng Yifan
Published: February 2024

As one of the critical cores of digital twin (DT), data assimilation (DA) can maintain consistency and synchronization between DT and physical system. Kalman filtering is a common DA method, but its estimation performance is deteriorated by factors such as model inaccuracy and time-varying noise covariance in practical applications. The errors caused by these multiple uncertainties are all coupled to the measurements, which augments the difficulty for DT to obtain physical system information. In order to tackle the DA problem with multiple uncertainties, this paper proposes a generalized DA architecture for DT in sophisticated process industry. First, by combining Stein variational gradient descent and nonlinear Bayesian filtering paradigm, a recursive estimation framework is established, which has higher accuracy in estimating the noise covariance compared to traditional methods. Second, to effectively deal with model inaccuracy by using filtering residuals containing time-varying noise, we propose a neural network and modified wavelet-based model error compensation (NNMW-MEC) block. Based on the modified wavelet technique, the filtering residual denoising built in NNMW-MEC can better cope with time-varying noise compared to existing wavelets, and extract the low-frequency signal involving model error information from noisy residual smoothly. In addition, because of the neural network-based state-compensation subblock, NNMW-MEC has more outstanding ability in compensating the state deviations with large changing range. Finally, we take the boiler system in a coal-fired power plant as an example to verify the effectiveness of our architecture. Experimental results show that the DA architecture proposed in this paper can improve the estimation performance of DT under inaccurate models and uncertain noise statistics.
Australian teachers’ perspectives of two distinct physics curriculum paradigms
Authors: Georgiou Helen , Abraham Jessy
Published: February 2024

In New South Wales (NSW), Australia, since 2019, senior high school students have been experiencing a transformed Physics syllabus. This syllabus takes a ‘back to basics’ approach where core principles and problem solving are prioritised, and was a response to the earlier syllabus, which was much more contextual, including the history of ideas and technologies and a wide range of ‘option’ topics. This earlier syllabus (2001–2018) attracted significant attention for straying away from ‘real’ physics, for including too much ‘sociology’, for being ‘dumbed down’ and ‘feminised’. Four years on, NSW teachers share their perspectives on some of the most well-publicised and contentious views on the new syllabus. Teachers mostly agreed that the new syllabus was more ‘rigorous’, higher quality and more mathematical; they also generally enjoyed teaching the subject. However, there were also some disagreements amongst the teachers, such as whether the new syllabus excluded certain groups of students and whether the aims of the syllabus in achieving ‘depth’, were met.
Compact fiber microsphere coupling system and its temperature response characteristics
Authors: Dang Hongtao , Tian Ruixin , Wang Yixiang , Li Jin
Published: February 2024

The compact and free-stand fiber-microsphere system was established to produce the whispering gallery modes (WGMs). In this system, the BaTiO3 microsphere in the diameter of ∼73 μm was placed and fixed in an air cone, which was prepared by cascade-splicing and tapering a single mode fiber with a hollow core fiber. Either the wavelength or the intensity of the reflected spectra changes as function of the environmental temperature. The corresponding sensitivities were determined to be 9.75 pm/°C and −0.0133 dBm/°C, respectively, during 30 °C–70 °C. The proposed composite fiber WGMs system is compact, stable, moveable, easily-integrated and flexibly-adjustable, which will pave its promising potential way to developing the novel biochemical probes with high performance.
Nonlinear vibration and amplitude ratio output performance of a resonant micro-gyroscope based on bifurcation detection
Authors: Hao Shuying , Li Jiawen , Zhang Kunpeng
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we design a 3-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) nonlinear resonant micro-gyroscope, which innovatively utilizes the bifurcation phenomenon of the nonlinear resonant beam as a detection method and uses the amplitude ratio before and after bifurcation as the sensitivity output of the system. The steady-state response of the driving equation is first solved by the complex exponential method. Coriolis force is amplified by the lever mechanism and transmitted to the axial direction of the resonant beam. The dimensions of the resonant beam are designed so that the frequency of Coriolis force is in a 2:1 relationship with the natural frequency of the resonant beam to enhance the parametric excitation effect. Subsequently, Hamilton principle and Galerkin method are used to derive and discretize the dynamical equations of the resonant beam containing axial force, respectively. The multi-scale method is used to perturbation analysis of discrete equations. Finally, the bifurcation characteristics and the amplitude-frequency response with different input angular velocities are studied. The results show that the comprehensive performance of the micro-gyroscope system using backward frequency sweep (BFS) is better than forward frequency sweep (FFS). Furthermore, by using the BFS, the relative sensitivity of the nonlinear resonant micro-gyroscope based on the amplitude ratio variation rises by about 168 times compared with that based on the frequency variation in the linear case. In addition, when considering the input angular velocity with the same magnitude but different directions, the bifurcation frequency of resonant beam is closely related to the direction of the input angular velocity, and the direction of the input angular velocity can be further identified by utilizing this phenomenon.
Controllable step-flow growth of GaN on patterned freestanding substrate
Authors: Wu Peng , Liu Jianping , Hu Lei , Ren Xiaoyu , Tian Aiqin , Zhou Wei , Zhang Fan , Li Xuan , Ikeda Masao , Yang Hui
Published: February 2024

A new kind of step-flow growth mode is proposed, which adopts sidewall as step source on patterned GaN substrate. The terrace width of steps originated from the sidewall was found to change with the growth temperature and ammonia flux. The growth mechanism is explained and simulated based on step motion model. This work helps better understand the behaviors of step advancement and puts forward a method of precisely modulating atomic steps.
The physical logic of protein machines
Authors: McBride John M , Tlusty Tsvi
Published: February 2024

Proteins are intricate molecular machines whose complexity arises from the heterogeneity of the amino acid building blocks and their dynamic network of many-body interactions. These nanomachines gain function when put in the context of a whole organism through interaction with other inhabitants of the biological realm. And this functionality shapes their evolutionary histories through intertwined paths of selection and adaptation. Recent advances in machine learning have solved the decades-old problem of how protein sequence determines their structure. However, the ultimate question regarding the basic logic of protein machines remains open: how does the collective physics of proteins lead to their functionality? and how does a sequence encode the full range of dynamics and chemical interactions that facilitate function? Here, we explore these questions within a physical approach that treats proteins as mechano-chemical machines, which are adapted to function via concerted evolution of structure, motion, and chemical interactions.
Fast Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Copper Alloy Fabricated by Commercial Fiber Laser-1062 nm and Stability of Superhydrophobic Surface
Authors: Haryono M B , Lin K W Y , Thant K K S , Subannajui K , Waritanant T
Published: February 2024

We present a fast, straightforward fabrication method to produce stable superhydrophobic copper alloy surfaces. The technique consists of irradiating copper with a fiber laser and then coating the surface with ethanol. The laser ablation generates surface morphology on the copper surfaces, such as line and grid patterns. We can modify the wetting properties and surface morphology by changing the step size. We assessed the change of the water contact angle on the raw surface, laser-based textures after natural aging, and laser-based textures post-low annealing. After that, we measured the stability of the water contact angle till 120 days. After low annealing heat treatment, water contact angles on grid pattern surfaces have superhydrophobic surfaces and are more stable till 120 days.
Photoluminescence and photovoltaic properties of cesium lead bromide nanocrystals with linoleic acid ligand
Authors: Rizki Yandri Valdi , Debora Rima , Asma Nurunnizar Adhita , Wulandari Priastuti , Maulani Nursam Natalita , Hidayat Rahmat , Yamashita Yoshiyuki
Published: February 2024

Cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized using the ligand-assisted reprecipitation (LARP) method, with linoleic acid (LA) and oleylamine (OlAm) as ligands. The crystal structures of the samples depend on the ligand used in the synthesis. Sample-1, with LA-OlAm as the ligand, showed an orthorhombic crystal structure, whereas Sample-2, with OlAm only, showed a tetragonal crystal structure. These samples exhibited slightly different photoluminescence (PL) characteristics, where the PL peak of Sample-1 appeared at 521.4 nm, whereas the PL peak of Sample-2 appeared at 524.1 nm. Sample-1 showed brighter PL than that of Sample-2. These differences are strongly related to their crystal structures and degree of crystallization, which is also evident from the differences in the chemical states of the Br and Pb ions on the NCs surface, as depicted by the X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) spectra. In addition, despite exhibiting PL characteristics, these CsPbBr3 NCs also exhibit photovoltaic properties.
Enhanced Sensitivity of Magneto-Optical Surface Plasmon Resonance in the FeCu Superlattices
Authors: Arifin M , Suharyadi E , Ahmadi A G C , Nawa K , Nakamura K
Published: February 2024

We demonstrated the sensitivity enhancement for magneto-optical surface plasmon resonance (MOSPR) using noble/ferromagnetic metals multilayers. The proposed structure is based on the Kretschmann configuration in the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (TMOKE) methods with the FeCu superlattices (SLs) as magneto-plasmonic materials and gelatin as biomolecules analyte. The dielectric constants of the FeCu SLs are taken from first principles calculation, which is performed by using a full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method. The important role of the hybridization process in optical transitions has been identified, and it can be modulated by adjusting the thickness of superlattices. The dependence of the reflectivity on the dielectric constant is performed by 4×4 transfer matrix methods. It is found that the minimum reflectivity directly influences the slope of angular spectra, with a maximum slope of TMOKE signal is 12.23/degree. The change in the gelatin’s refractive index results in TMOKE signal response, then the enhancement of the sensitivity of the MOSPR system can be shown.
Localized surface plasmon resonance effect of 3-mercaptopropionic acid capped on silver nanoparticles for sensing probe application
Authors: Rahayu Setiya , Labiba Alifah , Herman  , Wulandari Priastuti
Published: February 2024

Metal nanoparticles such as gold and silver are often used in various nanotechnology applications due to the localized plasmon resonance effect that occurs when incident photons interact with metal nanoparticles. 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA) is one of the capping molecules that can be provided for surface functionalization on gold or silver core because it has thiol and carboxylic group as a linking biomolecule, and this allows the use of nanoparticles for biosensor applications. In this study, we successfully synthesized silver nanoparticles capped by 3-mercaptopropionic acid (AgMPA) by use of two kinds of methods i.e ligand exchange and direct reduction, which reveal the unique characteristic plasmonic peaks of AgNP around 430 nm and 436 nm, respectively with spherical shape of AgNP and diameter size about 6-20 nm. The transmittance spectra from Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) measurement shows that S-H coordination from 3-MPA is invisible after 3-MPA attach on Ag core due to the strong coordination between Ag and the sulfur (S) ion, while the broaden peaks at 1589 and 1385 cm-1 for AgMPA are assigned to asymmetric and symmetric vibrations of carboxylate groups which overlap between carboxylate from citrate and 3-MPA. Finally, the colorimetric detection using AgCA and AgMPA as sensing probe was carried out by use of Biocytin-Avidin system molecule as analyte, which resulted in the colour changed rapidly from yellow to transparent-yellow and the red-shifted of absorbance spectra indicating the attachment of analyte to functionalized molecule of our synthesized AgCA and AgMPA.
Lessons learned while developing the Serenity-S1 ATCA card
Authors: Mehner T. , Ardila-Perez L.E. , Balzer M. , Fedi G. , Fuchs M. , Howard A. , Iles G. , Loutit M. , Mansbridge S. , Palla F. , Parker D. , Pesaresi M. , Rose A. , Saleh M. , Sander O. , Schleicher M. , Strohman C. , Tcherniakhovski D. , Williams T. , Zhao J.
Published: February 2024

The Serenity-S1 is a production-optimised Advanced Telecommunications Computing
Architecture (ATCA) processing blade based on the AMD Xilinx Virtex Ultrascale+ device. It
incorporates many developments from the Serenity-A and Serenity-Z prototype cards and, where
possible, adopts solutions being used across CERN. Due to the shortage of components during the
recent semiconductor crisis, commonly used components in the prototypes had to be replaced by new
ones after qualification. In this work, we discuss various improvements to simplify
manufacturing, the performance of new components, some of the more difficult aspects of
procurement, the performance of production-grade Samtec 25 Gb/s optical firefly parts, and
concerns regarding the rack cooling infrastructure.
When forests hold their breath: will increasing drought further disrupt carbon sequestration?
Authors: Chen Yi-Ying , Simon Wang S-Y , Yu Hong-Wen , Liu Wan-Yu
Published: February 2024

The 2020–2021 record drought in Taiwan halted carbon sequestration in its predominantly evergreen subtropical forests. The analysis uncovers a significant correlation between net ecosystem exchange, radiative factors, groundwater levels, and wildfires, indicating that the severity of droughts leads to a shift from carbon absorption to emission in these forests, thereby inviting a broader examination of the climate–carbon nexus in future scenarios.
Force-induced desorption of copolymeric comb polymers
Authors: Janse van Rensburg E J , Soteros C E , Whittington S G
Published: February 2024

We investigate a lattice model of comb copolymers that can adsorb at a surface and that are subject to a force causing desorption. The teeth (the comb’s side chains) and the backbone of the comb are chemically distinct and can interact differently with the surface. That is, the strength of the surface interaction can be different for the monomers in the teeth and in the backbone. We consider several cases including (i) the uniform case where the number of teeth is fixed and the lengths of the branches in the backbone and the lengths of the teeth are all identical, (ii) the case where the teeth are short compared to the branches in the backbone, (iii) the situation where the teeth are long compared to the backbone, and (iv) the case where the number of teeth approaches infinity. We obtain expressions for the free energies in the thermodynamic limit in terms of those for self-avoiding walks and discuss the nature of the phase diagrams of the model.