bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fiducial Higgs and Drell-Yan distributions at N3LL′+NNLO with RadISH
Authors: Re Emanuele , Rottoli Luca , Torrielli Paolo
Published: September 2021

Abstract

We present state-of-the-art predictions for transverse observables relevant to colour-singlet production at the LHC, in particular the transverse momentum of the colour singlet in gluon-fusion Higgs production and in neutral Drell-Yan lepton-pair production, as well as the $$ {\phi}_{\eta}^{\ast } $$

ϕ
η
∗

observable in Drell Yan. We perform a next-to-next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic (N3LL) resummation of such observables in momentum space according to the RadISH formalism, consistently including in our prediction all constant terms of relative order $$ {\alpha}_s^3 $$

α
s
3

with respect to the Born, thereby achieving N3LL′ accuracy. The calculation is fully exclusive with respect to the Born kinematics, which allows the application of arbitrary fiducial selection cuts on the decay products of the colour singlet. We supplement our results with a transverse-recoil prescription, accounting for dominant classes of subleading-power corrections in a fiducial setup. The resummed predictions are matched with fixed-order differential spectra at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) accuracy. A phenomenological comparison is carried out with 13 TeV LHC data relevant to the Higgs to di-photon channel, as well as to neutral Drell-Yan lepton-pair production. Overall, the inclusion of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
($$ {\alpha}_s^3 $$

α
s
3

) constant terms, and to a lesser extent of transverse-recoil effects, proves beneficial for the comparison of theoretical predictions to data, leaving a residual theoretical uncertainty in the resummation region at the 2–5% level for Drell-Yan observables, and 5–7% in Higgs production.
Bereitschaft zur COVID-19-Impfung unter Beschäftigten im Gesundheitswesen in Deutschland
Authors: Schug Caterina , Erim Yesim , Geiser Franziska , Hiebel Nina , Beschoner Petra , Jerg-Bretzke Lucia , Albus Christian , Weidner Kerstin , Steudte-Schmiedgen Susann , Borho Andrea , Lieb Marietta , Morawa Eva
Published: September 2021

Hintergrund

Die COVID-19-Pandemie stellt eine anhaltende Belastung für die Gesellschaft und das Gesundheitssystem dar. Die Bereitschaft des Gesundheitspersonals zur COVID-19-Impfung ist aufgrund seiner Schlüsselrolle in der Pandemiebewältigung besonders relevant.

Ziel der Arbeit

Die Studie untersuchte die Impfbereitschaft des Gesundheitspersonals in Deutschland in Abhängigkeit von soziodemografischen, berufsbezogenen und COVID-19-spezifischen Merkmalen sowie psychischer Gesundheit.

Methoden

Zwischen November 2020 und Januar 2021 wurden 6217 Beschäftigte im deutschen Gesundheitswesen mithilfe der Onlinebefragung VOICE im Rahmen des Netzwerks Universitätsmedizin (NUM) zu ihrer Impfbereitschaft, ihren soziodemografischen, berufsbezogenen, COVID-19-spezifischen und psychosozialen Daten befragt.

Ergebnisse

Die Impfbereitschaft der Stichprobe lag bei 65,3 %. Mit einer höheren Impfbereitschaft assoziiert waren: männliches Geschlecht, Alter > 40 Jahre, keine Kinder und keinen Migrationshintergrund zu haben, keine Tätigkeit in der direkten Patientenversorgung, Zugehörigkeit zu einer COVID-19-Risikogruppe, Zugehörigkeit zur Berufsgruppe der Ärztinnen und Ärzte und der Psychologinnen und Psychologen im Vergleich mit den Pflegekräften, ausreichende Informiertheit über COVID-19 und der wahrgenommene Schutz durch die Maßnahmen nationaler/lokaler Behörden und des Arbeitgebers, Angst vor Infektion sowie keine Anzeichen von Depression. Die höchste Impfbereitschaft zeigten Ärztinnen und Ärzte.

Diskussion

Die Bereitschaft zur COVID-19-Impfung im Gesundheitswesen war im beschriebenen Zeitraum insgesamt als mäßig einzuschätzen. Informationen über die Krankheit und Impfung, vor allem für jüngere, weibliche und nichtärztliche Beschäftigte, angemessene Schutzmaßnahmen und die Prävention depressiver Symptome könnten die Impfbereitschaft erhöhen.
Der Telenotarzt als „Einsatzleiter“ zur Stabilisierung eines kritisch kranken Patienten
Authors: Humburg Dennis , Timpe Maximilian , Wranze-Bielefeld Erich , Martens Florian , Rupp Dennis , Sassen Martin C.
Published: September 2021

Es wird über die präklinische Versorgung eines 82-jährigen Patienten im septischen Schock bei akuter Pankreatitis berichtet. Initial wurde nur ein Rettungswagen alarmiert, dessen Besatzung nach der ersten Einschätzung einen Notarzt per Hubschrauber an die Einsatzstelle nachforderte. Die Besatzung entschied sich, bei absehbar langem notarztfreien Intervall, telemedizinische Unterstützung anzufordern. Trotz initialer massiver Zentralisierung und schwierigen Bedingungen vor Ort gelang es dem Team, in ständiger Rücksprache mit dem Telenotarzt, den Patienten bis zum Eintreffen des Hubschraubers so zu stabilisieren, dass ein sofortiger und komplikationsloser Transport möglich wurde.
Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) fodder cutting management in the Guinea Savanna Agro-Ecological Zone of Ghana
Authors: Tenakwa E. A. , Imoro A. Z. , Ansah T. , Kizito F.
Published: September 2021

This study evaluated the effect of cutting regime on biomass yield and nutrient composition of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.) fodder in the Guinea Savanna Agro-Ecological Zone of Ghana. Three cutting regimes (12, 16 and 20 Week After Planting [WAP]) in RCBD were imposed on Cajanus cajan at both initial establishment and regrowth. At each harvest, biomass yield was estimated after which samples of the fodder were separated into leaf and stem botanical fractions for chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. Cutting regime significantly affected plant height, number of branches and stem diameter in both the initial establishment and regrowth. Biomass yield was significantly affected by cutting regime in the initial establishment but not the regrowth. The biomass yield was highest in the harvest at 20WAP (6515kgDM/ha) while 12WAP (3175 kg/ha) recorded the lowest biomass yield in the initial establishment. All chemical composition parameters were significantly affected by cutting regime and botanical fractions except hemicellulose in the initial establishment. Cutting regime also significantly affected DM, CP and ash concentrations in the regrowth with botanical fraction significantly (P < 0.05) influencing CP, NDF, ADF and ash. The highest CP was obtained in the leaf fraction harvested at 12 WAP and 20 WAP in the initial establishment and regrowth respectively. Cutting regime, botanical fraction and their interaction were significant in gas produced at 24 h, SCFA and ME in both the initial establishment and regrowth stages. In conclusion, harvest at 20WAP produced the highest biomass yield but lower CP in the initial establishment whiles in the regrowth, harvest at 20WAP produced higher biomass yield, CP and ME.
A phase II study of sequential treatment with anthracycline and taxane followed by eribulin in patients with HER2-negative, locally advanced breast cancer (JBCRG-17)
Authors: Fukada Ippei , Ito Yoshinori , Kondo Naoto , Ohtani Shoichiro , Hattori Masaya , Tokunaga Eriko , Matsunami Nobuki , Mashino Kohjiro , Kosaka Taijiro , Tanabe Masahiko , Yotsumoto Daisuke , Yamanouchi Kosho , Sawaki Masataka , Kashiwaba Masahiro , Kawabata Hidetaka , Kuroi Katsumasa , Morita Satoshi , Ohno Shinji , Toi Masakazu , Masuda Norikazu
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The sequence of taxanes (T) followed by anthracyclines (A) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been the standard of care for almost 20 years for locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). Sequential administration of eribulin (E) following A/T could provide a greater response rate for women with LABC.

Methods

In this single-arm, multicenter, Phase II prospective study, the patients received 4 cycles of the FEC regimen and 4 cycles of taxane. After the A/T-regimen, 4 cycles of E were administered followed by surgical resection. The primary endpoint was the clinical response rate. Eligible patients were women aged 20 years or older, with histologically confirmed invasive breast cancer, clinical Stage IIIA (T2–3 and N2 only), Stage IIIB, and Stage IIIC, HER2-negative.

Results

A preplanned interim analysis aimed to validate the trial assumptions was conducted after treatment of 20 patients and demonstrated that clinical progressive disease rates in the E phase were significantly higher (30%) than assumed. Therefore, the Independent Data Monitoring Committee recommended stopping the study. Finally, 53 patients were enrolled, and 26 patients received the A/T/E-regimen. The overall observed clinical response rate (RR) was 73% (19/26); RRs were 77% (20/26) in the AT phase and 23% (6/26) in the E phase. Thirty percent (8/26) of patients had PD in the E phase, 6 of whom had achieved cCR/PR in the AT phase. Reported grade ≥ 3 AEs related to E were neutropenia (42%), white blood cell count decrease (27%), febrile neutropenia (7.6%), weight gain (3.8%), and weight loss (3.8%).

Conclusion

Sequential administration of eribulin after the A/T-regimen provided no additional effect for LABC patients. Future research should continue to focus on identifying specific molecular biomarkers that can improve response rates.
Lack of cross-resistance between non-steroidal and steroidal aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer patients: the potential role of the adipokine leptin
Authors: Bahrami Nazli , Jabeen Shakila , Tahiri Andliena , Sauer Torill , Ødegård Hilde Presterud , Geisler Stephanie Beate , Gravdehaug Berit , Reitsma Laurens Cornelus , Selsås Knut , Kristensen Vessela , Geisler Jürgen
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The aromatase inactivator exemestane may cause clinical disease stabilization following progression on non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors like letrozole in patients with metastatic breast cancer, indicating that additional therapeutic effects, not necessarily related to estrogen-suppression, may be involved in this well-known “lack of cross-resistance”.

Methods

Postmenopausal women with ER positive, HER-2 negative, locally advanced breast cancer were enrolled in the NEOLETEXE-trial and randomized to sequential treatment starting with either letrozole (2.5 mg o.d.) or exemestane (25 mg o.d.) followed by the alternative aromatase inhibitor. Serum levels of 54 cytokines, including 12 adipokines were assessed using Luminex xMAP technology (multiple ELISA).

Results

Serum levels of leptin were significantly decreased during treatment with exemestane (p < 0.001), regardless whether exemestane was given as first or second neoadjuvant therapy. In contrast, letrozole caused a non-significant increase in serum leptin levels in vivo.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest an additional and direct effect of exemestane on CYP-19 (aromatase) synthesis presumably due to effects on the CYP19 promoter use that is not present during therapy with the non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor letrozole. Our findings provide new insights into the influence of clinically important aromatase inhibitors on cytokine levels in vivo that contribute to the understanding of the clinically observed lack of cross-resistance between non-steroidal and steroidal aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer patients.

Trial registration

Registered on March 23rd 2015 in the National trial database of Norway (Registration number: REK-SØ-84-2015).
Deep semi-supervised learning of dynamics for anomaly detection in laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Larsen Sebastian , Hooper Paul A.
Published: September 2021

Highly complex data streams from in-situ additive manufacturing (AM) monitoring systems are becoming increasingly prevalent, yet finding physically actionable patterns remains a key challenge. Recent AM literature utilising machine learning methods tend to make predictions about flaws or porosity without considering the dynamical nature of the process. This leads to increases in false detections as useful information about the signal is lost. This study takes a different approach and investigates learning a physical model of the laser powder bed fusion process dynamics. In addition, deep representation learning enables this to be achieved directly from high speed videos. This representation is combined with a predictive state space model which is learned in a semi-supervised manner, requiring only the optimal laser parameter to be characterised. The model, referred to as FlawNet, was exploited to measure offsets between predicted and observed states resulting in a highly robust metric, known as the dynamic signature. This feature also correlated strongly with a global material quality metric, namely porosity. The model achieved state-of-the-art results with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under curve (AUC) of 0.999 when differentiating between optimal and unstable laser parameters. Furthermore, there was a demonstrated potential to detect changes in ultra-dense, 0.1% porosity, materials with an ROC AUC of 0.944, suggesting an ability to detect anomalous events prior to the onset of significant material degradation. The method has merit for the purposes of detecting out of process distributions, while maintaining data efficiency. Subsequently, the generality of the methodology would suggest the solution is applicable to different laser processing systems and can potentially be adapted to a number of different sensing modalities.
Impact of preoperative comorbidities on postoperative complication rate and outcome in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Benker Martina , Citak Necati , Neuer Thomas , Opitz Isabelle , Inci Ilhan
Published: September 2021

Objective

This study aimed to analyze whether comorbidities impact postoperative complication rate or survival after anatomical lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 1219 patients who underwent NSCLC resection between 2000 and 2015 was performed. Analyzed comorbidities included chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral artery disease, myocardial infarction history, diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency and other malignancies.

Results

Most patients (78.9%) had comorbidities, most commonly hypertension (34.1%) followed by COPD (26.4%) and other malignancies (19%). The overall complication rate was 38.6% (26.4% pulmonary; 14.8% cardiac; and 3.0% gastrointestinal). Hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 1.492, p = 0.031) was associated with more cardiac complications. Heavy smoking (OR = 1.008, p = 0.003) and low body mass index (BMI) (OR = 0.932, p < 0.001) affected the pulmonary complication rate significantly. None of the included comorbidities affected the overall complication rate or the survival negatively. However, the patient characteristics of advanced age (p < 0.001), low BMI (p = 0.008), and low FEV1 (p = 0.008) affected the overall complication rate as well as survival (each p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Advanced age, low BMI, and low FEV1 were predictive of greater complication risk and shorter long-term survival in patients who underwent NSCLC resection. Cardiac complications were associated with hypertension and CAD, whereas pulmonary complications were associated with a high pack year count.
The relationship between self-esteem and self-compassion in socially anxious
Authors: Holas Pawel , Kowalczyk Melanie , Krejtz Izabela , Wisiecka Katarzyna , Jankowski Tomasz
Published: September 2021

Fear of evaluation and a negative view of the self are the core aspects of social anxiety. Self-compassion and self-esteem are two distinct positive attitudes toward the self, which are positively related to each other, well-being and good psychological functioning. It is less clear, however, how they interplay in socially anxious individuals and if self-compassion may reduce the negative effect of low self-esteem on social anxiety. The current research aimed at evaluating the directional links between those constructs to check if self-compassion mediates the effect of self-esteem on social anxiety. In this study, 388 adult participants with elevated social anxiety completed measures of self-compassion, self-esteem and social anxiety. As expected, both self-esteem and self-compassion correlated negatively with social anxiety and positively with one another, with lower self-esteem being a stronger predictor of social anxiety. Importantly, self-compassion partially mediated the relationship between self-esteem and social anxiety. These findings suggest that self-compassion partially explains the negative effects of deficits in self-esteem on social anxiety. Practical implications of the research are discussed.
Evaluation of the costing methodology of published studies estimating costs of surgical site infections: A systematic review
Authors: Shaaban Raghda Hassan , Yassine Omaima Gaber , Bedwani Ramez Naguib , Abu-Sheasha Ghada Ahmed
Published: September 2021

Objectives:

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are associated with increased length of hospitalization and costs. Epidemiologists and infection control practitioners, who are in charge of implementing infection control measures, have to assess the quality and relevance of the published SSI cost estimates before using them to support their decisions. In this review, we aimed to determine the distribution and trend of analytical methodologies used to estimate cost of SSIs, to evaluate the quality of costing methods and the transparency of cost estimates, and to assess whether researchers were more inclined to use transferable studies.

Methods:

We searched MEDLINE to identify published studies that estimated costs of SSIs from 2007 to March 2021, determined the analytical methodologies, and evaluated transferability of studies based on 2 evaluation axes. We compared the number of citations by transferability axes.

Results:

We included 70 studies in our review. Matching and regression analysis represented 83% of analytical methodologies used without change over time. Most studies adopted a hospital perspective, included inpatient costs, and excluded postdischarge costs (borne by patients, caregivers, and community health services). Few studies had high transferability. Studies with high transferability levels were more likely to be cited.

Conclusions:

Most of the studies used methodologies that control for confounding factors to minimize bias. After the article by Fukuda et al, there was no significant improvement in the transferability of published studies; however, transferable studies became more likely to be cited, indicating increased awareness about fundamentals in costing methodologies.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination uptake among healthcare workers
Authors: Gilboa Mayan , Tal Ilana , Levin Einav G. , Segal Shoshi , Belkin Ana , Zilberman-Daniels Tal , Biber Asaf , Rubin Carmit , Rahav Galia , Regev-Yochay Gili
Published: September 2021

Objective:

To assess reasons for noncompliance with COVID-19 vaccination among healthcare workers (HCWs).

Design:

Cohort observational and surveillance study.

Setting:

Sheba Medical Center, a 1,600-bed tertiary-care medical center in Israel.

Participants:

The study included 10,888 HCWs including all employees, students, and volunteers.

Intervention:

The BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine was offered to all HCWs of the hospital. Noncompliance was assessed, and pre-rollout and post-rollout surveys were conducted. Data regarding uptake of the vaccine as well as demographic data and compliance with prior influenza vaccination were collected, and 2 surveys were distributed. The survey before the rollout pertained to the intention to receive the vaccine, and the survey after the rollout pertained to all unvaccinated HCWs regarding causes of hesitancy.

Results:

In the pre-rollout survey, 1,673 (47%) of 3,563 HCWs declared their intent to receive the vaccine. Overall, 8,108 (79%) HCWs received the COVID-19 vaccine within 40 days of rollout. In a multivariate logistic regression model, the factors that were significant predictors of vaccine uptake were male sex, age 40–59 years, occupation (paramedical professionals and doctors), high socioeconomic level, and compliance with flu vaccine. Among 425 unvaccinated HCWs who answered the second survey, the most common cause for hesitancy was the risk during pregnancy (31%).

Conclusions:

Although vaccine uptake among HCWs was higher than expected, relatively low uptake was observed among young women and those from lower socioeconomic levels and educational backgrounds. Concerns regarding vaccine safety during pregnancy were common and more data about vaccine safety, especially during pregnancy, might improve compliance.
Subjectivism and Degrees of Well-Being
Authors: Barrett Jacob
Published: September 2021

In previous work, I have argued that subjectivists about well-being must turn from a preference-satisfaction to a desire-satisfaction theory of well-being in order to avoid the conceptual problem of interpersonal comparisons of well-being. In a recent paper, Van der Deijl and Brouwer agree, but object that no version of the desire-satisfaction theory can provide a plausible account of how an individual's degree of well-being depends on the satisfaction or frustration of their various desires, at least in cases involving the gain or loss of desires. So subjectivists can avoid the conceptual problem of interpersonal comparisons only by adopting a substantively implausible view. In this reply, I defend subjectivism by arguing that the totalist desire-satisfaction theory avoids Van der Deijl and Brouwer's objections, and briefly suggest that it may also be able to handle the problem of adaptive desires. I conclude that subjectivists should endorse the totalist desire-satisfaction theory.
Inappropriate shock delivery by an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator due to electrical interference with a refrigerator in a 4-year-old child
Authors: Gulumser Sisko Sezen , Kafali Hasan Candas , Ergul Yakup
Published: September 2021

We report a patient with long QT syndrome who received an inappropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shock due to electrical interference from a refrigerator. This electrical interference was mistakenly detected as an episode of ventricular fibrillation and ended with an inappropriate delivery of shock without any warning symptoms before.
Hidden Atmospheric Particles Sculpt Near-Earth Space Environment
Authors: Toledo Sergio , Andr� Mats , Aunai Nicolas , Chappell Charles , Dargent J�r�my , Fuselier Stephen , Glocer Alex , Graham Daniel , Haaland Stein , Hesse Michal , Kistler Lynn , Lavraud Benoit , Li Wenya , Moore Thomas , Tenfjord Paul , Vines Sarah
Published: September 2021

Charged particles escape our atmosphere following Earth’s magnetic field and constitute a main source of matter that modulates Sun-Earth interactions.
Oceanic Mesoscale Eddy Depletion Catalyzed by Internal Waves
Authors: Barkan Roy , Srinivasan Kaushik , Yang Luwei , McWilliams James C. , Gula Jonathan , Vic Clément
Published: September 2021

The processes leading to the depletion of oceanic mesoscale kinetic energy (KE) and the energization of near‐inertial internal waves are investigated using a suite of realistically forced regional ocean simulations. By carefully modifying the forcing fields we show that solutions where internal waves are forced have ∼ less mesoscale KE compared with solutions where they are not. We apply a coarse‐graining method to quantify the KE fluxes across time scales and demonstrate that the decrease in mesoscale KE is associated with an internal wave‐induced reduction of the inverse energy cascade and an enhancement of the forward energy cascade from sub‐to super‐inertial frequencies. The integrated KE forward transfer rate in the upper ocean is equivalent to half and a quarter of the regionally averaged near‐inertial wind work in winter and summer, respectively, with the strongest fluxes localized at surface submesoscale fronts and filaments.
ISGylation drives basal breast tumour progression by promoting EGFR recycling and Akt signalling
Authors: Bolado-Carrancio Alfonso , Lee Martin , Ewing Ailith , Muir Morwenna , Macleod Kenneth G. , Gallagher William M. , Nguyen Lan K. , Carragher Neil O. , Semple Colin A. , Brunton Valerie G. , Caswell Patrick T. , von Kriegsheim Alex
Published: September 2021

ISG15 is an ubiquitin-like modifier that is associated with reduced survival rates in breast cancer patients. The mechanism by which ISG15 achieves this however remains elusive. We demonstrate that modification of Rab GDP-Dissociation Inhibitor Beta (GDI2) by ISG15 (ISGylation) alters endocytic recycling of the EGF receptor (EGFR) in non-interferon stimulated cells using CRISPR-knock out models for ISGylation. By regulating EGFR trafficking, ISGylation enhances EGFR recycling and sustains Akt-signalling. We further show that Akt signalling positively correlates with levels of ISG15 and its E2-ligase in basal breast cancer cohorts, confirming the link between ISGylation and Akt signalling in human tumours. Persistent and enhanced Akt activation explains the more aggressive tumour behaviour observed in human breast cancers. We show that ISGylation can act as a driver of tumour progression rather than merely being a bystander.
Delayed administration of ixazomib modifies the immune response and prevents chronic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Ramos Teresa Lopes , García-Guerrero Estefanía , Caballero-Velázquez Teresa , Rodríguez-Gil Alfonso , Caracuel-García Rocío , Nufer Melanie , Robles-Frías María José , Barbado María Victoria , Pérez-Simón José A.
Published: September 2021

In this study, we aimed to modify the immune response in the long term after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) by using the proteasome inhibitor ixazomib (IXZ) at the late stages of the post-transplant period. This approach facilitated the immune reconstitution after transplantation. IXZ significantly prolonged survival and decreased the risk of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) in two different murine models without hampering the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect, as confirmed by bioluminescence assays. Remarkably, the use of IXZ was related to an increase of regulatory T cells both in peripheral blood and in the GvHD target organs and a decrease of effector donor T cells. Regarding B cells, IXZ treated mice had faster recovery of B cells in PB and of pre-pro-B cells in the bone marrow. Mice receiving ixazomib had a lower number of neutrophils in the GvHD target organs as compared to the vehicle group. In summary, delayed administration of IXZ ameliorated cGvHD while preserving GvL and promoted a pro-tolerogenic immune response after allo-BMT.
Rapid identification of wood species using XRF and neural network machine learning
Authors: Shugar Aaron N. , Drake B. Lee , Kelley Greg
Published: September 2021

An innovative approach for the rapid identification of wood species is presented. By combining X-ray fluorescence spectrometry with convolutional neural network machine learning, 48 different wood specimens were clearly differentiated and identified with a 99% accuracy. Wood species identification is imperative to assess illegally logged and transported lumber. Alternative options for identification can be time consuming and require some level of sampling. This non-invasive technique offers a viable, cost-effective alternative to rapidly and accurately identify timber in efforts to support environmental protection laws and regulations.
Visible-light-promoted 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl glycoside activation and glycosylation
Authors: Cao Yafei , Zhou Minmin , Mao Run-Ze , Zou You , Xia Feng , Liu Da-Ke , Liu Jianhui , Li Qin , Xiong De-Cai , Ye Xin-Shan
Published: September 2021

A new glycosylation method promoted by visible light with 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl glycoside as the donor was developed.
Potential dependence of the ionic structure at the ionic liquid/water interface studied using MD simulation
Authors: Ishii Kosuke , Sakka Tetsuo , Nishi Naoya
Published: September 2021

The structure at the electrochemical liquid/liquid interface between water and a hydrophobic ionic liquid was studied using molecular dynamics simulation in which the interfacial potential difference was controlled.
Solubilities in aqueous nitrate solutions that appear to reverse the law of mass action
Authors: Reynolds Jacob. G.
Published: September 2021

Non-ideal aqueous electrolyte solutions have been studied since the start of the application of thermodynamics to chemistry in the late 19th century.
Studying 2D materials with advanced Raman spectroscopy: CARS, SRS and TERS
Authors: Malard Leandro M. , Lafeta Lucas , Cunha Renan S. , Nadas Rafael , Gadelha Andreij , Cançado Luiz Gustavo , Jorio Ado
Published: September 2021

Perspectives on advancing our understanding of two-dimensional materials using coherent anti-Stokes (CARS), stimulated (SRS) and tip-enhanced (TERS) Raman spectroscopy techniques.
Colorimetric detection of fluoride ions in aqueous medium using thiourea derivatives: a transition metal ion assisted approach
Authors: Das Rituraj , Talukdar Dhrubajyoti , Sarma Plaban J. , Kuilya Hemrupa , Thakuria Ranjit , Choudhury Diganta , Mahanta Sanjeev P.
Published: September 2021

A transition metal ion based methodology is demonstrated employing cooperative interaction between metal ions (Ni2+/Cu2+) and fluoride with functionalized thiourea derivatives with a particular goal to detect fluoride under an aqueous environment.
The influence of the Sc3+ dopant on the transmittance of (Y, Er)3Al5O12 ceramics
Authors: Dobretsova Elena , Zhmykhov Vadim , Kuznetsov Sergey , Chikulina Irina , Nikova Marina , Tarala Vitaly , Vakalov Dmitry , Khmelnitsky Roman , Pynenkov Alexander , Nishchev Konstantin , Tsvetkov Vladimir
Published: September 2021

The substitution of Al3+ with the larger Sc3+ in the Er:YSAG structure leads to improved elastic–plastic properties. The optical transmittance of the ceramics is affected strongly by including Sc3+ and is increased to up to 60% at about 1.5 μm.
Insight into the reversible behavior of Lewis–Brønsted basic poly(ionic liquid)s in one-pot two-step chemical fixation of CO2 to linear carbonates
Authors: He Yuting , Lu Huimin , Li Xue , Wu Jun , Pu Tiancheng , Du Wei , Li Hongping , Ding Jing , Wan Hui , Guan Guofeng
Published: September 2021

Novel Lewis–Brønsted binary basic PILs were applied to the two-step synthesis of linear carbonates, providing sufficient support for the ingenious incorporation of the reversible regeneration of basic catalysts and multi-step reaction of CO2.
Enhanced medium chain length-polyhydroxyalkanoate production by co-fermentation of lignin and holocellulose hydrolysates
Authors: Arreola-Vargas Jorge , Meng Xianzhi , Wang Yun-yan , Ragauskas Arthur J. , Yuan Joshua S.
Published: September 2021

Biological lignin and holocellulose conversion to medium chain length-polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA) as an excellent platform for bioplastics production and attractive alternative for current biorefinery schemes.
A glutamic acid-based traceless linker to address challenging chemical protein syntheses
Authors: Giesler Riley J. , Spaltenstein Paul , Jacobsen Michael T. , Xu Weiliang , Maqueda Mercedes , Kay Michael S.
Published: September 2021

Poor peptide solubility is a challenge in chemical protein synthesis. The new Fmoc-(l)-Glu(AlHx)-OH tool was used to efficiently synthesize the challenging bacteriocin AS-48.
Sustainability of rubber agroforestry strategies in boosting smallholders’ resilience to cope with the realities of new global challenges
Authors: Esekhade T.U. , Idoko S.O. , Abolo Chioma U. , Igberase S.
Published: September 2021

In the face of a global pandemic, the ever-present threat of climate change and the highly unstable economic and social global systems the resource poor smallholder farmer is increasingly finding it harder to meet with the daily challenges of sustaining the livelihood of the farmer and his family. This paper is a review of the challenges of smallholder’s rubber farmers, strategies adopted to build the resilience of the farmers and technological adaptations to sustain the resilience of the smallholder’s rubber farmers in Nigeria. The work looked at the manipulation of space or spacing techniques in rubber-based agroforestry systems, mixed farming in rubber production, cropping patterns, soil nutrient and weed management methods and socioeconomic benefits to the rubber smallholders. The results indicated that RBAF systems helped resource poor rural farmers increase family food supply, improved income and reduced the gestation period of rubber leading to improved livelihood. This results will help in attracting more smallholders to rubber plantation establishment, leading to increased national rubber production for local and international markets and increase industrial development in rubber and rubber related products.
Economic prospects of a rubber-cassava agroforestry in Nigeria
Authors: Esekhade T.U. , Idoko S.O. , Mesike C.S. , Okwu-Abolo C. , Igberaese S.O. , Ighedosa S.O. , Oghomieje L.A.
Published: September 2021

A study to determine the financial benefits of intercropping immature rubber plantation with cassava in South Eastern Nigeria was carried out at the Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, Iyanomo near Benin City. The study was set up in a randomized complete block design with each treatment replicated three times. Yield data generated were used to determine the profitability of the systems. The results showed economic yield from rubber as the rubber trees did not attain tappable girth throughout the duration of the study. a mean yield of about 25.72 tonnes of cassava tuber were generated from the sole cassava treatments for the four years period while a mean yield of about 22.92 tonnes of cassava tuber per hectare were generated from the cassava + rubber intercrop treatments in the same period. A total amount of 160,000 Naira was spent in four years as cost of intercropping. Total revenue generated from the sales of cassava in the rubber + cassava system was 900, 000.00 Naira per hectare with a Gross Margin and profit margin of 740,000 Naira and 673, 090.98 Naira respectively. A profitability index of the rubber + cassava system was 0.75, indicating that, 75% of the total amount invested in the rubber + cassava system was recovered in the first four years compared to the additional costs incurred in the sole rubber plantation treatment. This study showed that intercropping cassava with rubber during the immature phase of rubber plantation guarantee early return on investment and more profitable compared with sole rubber plantation systems.
A review: The development of double row spacing to improve land productivity and income of rubber smallholders
Authors: Sahuri  , Ardika Risal , Tistama Radite , Oktavia Fetrina
Published: September 2021

Low prices of rubber has been a serious problem to rubber smallholders in Indonesia. Rubber-based intercropping systems offers a practical solution to this issue and increasing overall productivity of intercrops, for example upland rice and maize. This study reviewed the suitable spatial arrangements in rubber planting to long term impact based intercropping systems. A field experiment was established in a smallholder rubber plantation in Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan with area of 50 ha. Two planting patterns of rubber PB 260 clone were tested: (1) single row planting pattern (SR) by 6 m x 3 m, and (2) double row planting pattern (DR) by 18 m x 2 m x 2.5 m. The experiment showed that girth of rubber trees in the SR system at the first tapping year was slightly larger than in DR system, even though statistically it was not significant. The latex yield per tree of SR and DR systems were similar, however, latex yield per hectare of SR system was higher than DR system due to a higher tree population in SR system. The DR system was technically suitable for long term intercropping, because when rubber tree can reached 8 to 9 years old and light penetration was more than 80% at distance from the rubber row. The total area required for rubber, upland rice and maize grown in monoculture to produce an equivalent of a one hectare of rubber-upland rice-maize intercrop is 1.87. This means the intercropping has an advantage compared to monoculture.
Smallholder rubber agroforestry farming in the non-traditional areas of Sri Lanka: An application of assets-based livelihood capital indicator approach
Authors: Sankalpa J.K.S. , Wijesuriya W. , Ishani P.G.N. , Rathnayaka A.M.R.W.S.D.
Published: September 2021

This study focuses on Livelihood Capital Index (LCI) as a useful tool in assessing the livelihood assets of rubber-based agroforestry farm households. It evaluates systematically all the livelihood capitals of rubber agroforestry farm households through developing an LCI. A total of 10 livelihood assets variables were broadly classified into five livelihood capital indicators namely; human, financial, physical, natural, and social. Data collected from 220 farm households through a questionnaire survey were normalized to construct five livelihood capital indicators and LCI. The appropriate weights for the livelihood capital indicators were assigned based on the principal component analysis (PCA). The average composite LCI was 0.49 for rubber-based agroforestry farm households and the human capital corresponds to the highest livelihood assets indicator (0.15) followed by financial (0.14), social (0.11), physical (0.05), and natural (0.05). The highest average LCI was reported by the rubber-based groundnut practice (0.54) followed by rubber-based cattle (0.53), cocoa (0.51), passion fruit (0.51), pepper (0.49), maize (0.49), and banana (0.48). Except for physical capital, it also indicates a statistically significant difference in livelihood capital indicators among the rubber agroforestry farmers and other income earners. A significant difference exists in the livelihood capital indicators except for human capital among the Divisional Secretariat. The outcome of this study suggests that the use of LCI is a more analytically rigorous comprehensive tool that can assess the livelihood of rubber agroforestry farmers and enable them to be improved their livelihood assets.
Fracture damage of integrated composite joint for fuselage structure under tensile loading
Authors: Du Yong , Ma Yu'e , Liu Junwu
Published: September 2021

In order to solve the complex load transfer and structural design of the joint structures including skin, longeron and frame in the composite fuselage, the adhesively bonded integrated composite joint was designed. Static tensile test was performed and the strain-load curves and damage modes were obtained. Then the numerical simulation model of integrated composite joint was built. The damage initiation, propagation and failure process of integrated composite joint under tensile load were simulated and analyzed. Results show that: the first load drop and the ultimate failure load of the joint are 120.82 kN and 168.11 kN respectively; the initial damage occurs at the corner bend region of the lower-left corner-shaped preform, and extends across the radius bend region among short flange, long flange and web, and leads to the interface debonding of the upper and lower corner-shaped preform and the delamination of corner-shaped preform and L-shaped preform. Compared with the experimental results, the errors of the first load drop and the ultimate failure load from numerical calculated results are 6.68% and 2.61% respectively, which agree with each other very well.
A preliminary study on static pressure probe mobile measurement method for flow field in transonic wind tunnel
Authors: Deng Haijun , Xiong Bo , Luo Xinfu , Hong Shaozun , Liu Qi , Pu Hongyu , Liu Weijie
Published: September 2021

The axial Mach number distribution of the core flow for model in a transonic wind tunnel is an important index to evaluate the performance of the flow field, which is usually measured by the centerline probe. In order to simulate the incoming flow characteristics without interference, the probe will extend from the support section to the shrinkage section, so the probe usually must has longer inches, more static pressure measuring points and smaller blockage requirements. In order to study the influence of the points of the centerline probe on the uniformity distribution of flow field, a new static pressure probe is designed, which is smaller and shorter than the centerline probe. On the basis of the stability of the flow field, the Mach number distribution of the flow field measured by the static pressure probe which is driven by the moving measuring mechanism. The characteristics of the measured values are studied by wind tunnel test. The results show that: when Ma ≤ 0.95, the overall distribution and value of Mach number obtained by the static pressure probe is basically the same as those obtained by the centerline probe, but some flow field details, which mainly shows that Mach number of the static pressure probe has smaller fluctuation, higher accuracy and better uniformity index.
A compare research on third harmonic current control for five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Li Tianxing , Ma Ruiqing , Bai Hao , Fan Ping , Zhang Yuchen
Published: September 2021

The injection of a third harmonic current can improve the electromagnetic torque output of the five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor. In this paper, constant copper consumption and constant maximum current are used as constraints, and the influence of the ratio between the third harmonic current and the fundamental current on the electromagnetic torque under the two constraints is analyzed. The electromagnetic torque is the largest when the third harmonic current reference value is equal to the fundamental current reference value of ψf3/ψf times under the premise of the constant copper loss. On the premise that the maximum current is constant, the electromagnetic torque is the largest when the third harmonic current reference value is equal to the fundamental current reference value of kw/(6kw-kw3/3) times. On this basis, according to the vector amplitude, phase and action time, the changing trends of maximum voltage utilization rate with Vref3/Vref1 under three different kinds of methods are given. Finally, through the experimental platform, the control effects of the three kinds of SVPWM are compared under two constraint conditions.
Improved stereo matching algorithm based on multi-scale fusion
Authors: Chen Xing , Zhang Wenhai , Hou Yu , Yang Lin
Published: September 2021

Aiming at the low matching accuracy of local stereo matching algorithm in weak texture or discontinuous disparity areas, a stereo matching algorithm combining multi-scale fusion of convolutional neural network (CNN) and feature pyramid structure (FPN) is proposed. The feature pyramid is applied on the basis of the convolutional neural network to realize the multi-scale feature extraction and fusion of the image, which improves the matching similarity of the image blocks. The guide graph filter is used to quickly and effectively complete the cost aggregation. The disparity selection stage adapts the improvement dynamic programming algorithm to obtain the initial disparity map. The initial disparity map is refined so as to obtain the final disparity map. The algorithm is trained and tested on the image provided by Middlebury data set, and the result shows that the disparity map obtained by the algorithm has good effect.
Euglykäme Ketoazidose – ein Kolibri, der zur Taube werden könnte
Authors: Kampmeyer Daniela , Sayk Friedhelm
Published: September 2021

Was ist neu?

Gliflozine/SGLT2-Hemmer: Shooting-Stars in Diabetologie, Kardiologie und Nephrologie Gliflozine wurden als Antidiabetika entwickelt. Sie blockieren den sodium-glucose linked transporter 2 (SGLT2) im proximalen Nierentubulus und führen zu Glukosurie und Natriurese. Unabhängig vom Vorliegen eines Diabetes mellitus zeigen aktuelle Phase-III-Studienergebnisse zur SGLT2-Hemmer-Therapie einen prognostischen Benefit bei Patienten mit Herz- und/oder Niereninsuffizienz bezüglich kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse, Hospitalisierung und Tod. Damit ergibt sich eine Ausweitung der Indikation auf große, oft polymorbide Patientenkollektive mit genuin hohem Risiko für katabole Episoden und akute Organdysfunktion.

Ketoazidose unter SGLT2-Hemmern SGLT2-Inhibitoren induzieren eine hungerähnliche Ketogenese. Unter katabolen Umständen wie kritische Erkrankung, Dehydrierung, perioperative Nüchternperiode oder „low-carb“-Fastendiät kann diese zu einer lebensbedrohlichen euglykämen Ketoazidose entgleisen. Hierzu tragen vermutlich die vermehrte Rückresorption von Ketonkörpern aus dem Primärharn sowie die Blockade von SGLT2-Rezeptoren auf α-Zellen des endokrinen Pankreas bei. Dies führt zur verstärkten Glukagonsekretion, die konsekutiv die Lipolyse und Ketogenese steigert. Die Inzidenz der euglykämen Ketoazidose als SGLT2-Nebenwirkung lag bislang bei 1–2 pro 1000 Behandlungsjahre. Belastbare „real-life“-Daten für das Risiko einer euglykämen Ketoazidose der neuen Indikationsgruppen liegen noch nicht vor; eine gute Kenntnis dieses Krankheitsbildes ist für die Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin zunehmend relevant. Das klinische Bild der euglykämen Ketoazidose ist ähnlich der klassischen diabetischen Ketoazidose bei Typ-1-Diabetes. Oft sind die Blutzuckerspiegel dabei hochnormal (nahezu euglykäm). Im Urinbefund zeigt sich trotz Euglykämie eine exzessive Glukosurie, während die Ketonkörper-Diagnostik falsch negativ ausfallen kann.

Therapieansätze Der Blutzucker sollte bei euglykämer Ketoazidose durch gleichzeitige Insulin- und Glukoseapplikation zunächst auf leicht erhöhten Werten gehalten werden, um den intrazellulären Glukosebedarf zu decken und die Ketogenese zu unterbrechen. Der Volumenmangel wird durch balancierte kristalloide Infusionen ausgeglichen. Hierbei sind insbesondere das Risiko von Hypokaliämien sowie geminderte Volumentoleranz bei chronisch herz- und/oder nierenkranken Patienten zu beachten. Bei akuter Erkrankung und vor operativen Eingriffen sollten SGLT2-Inhibitoren vorsorglich pausiert werden („sick day break“).
Binge Eating-Störung
Authors: Daugelat Melissa-Claire , Schag Kathrin , Dörsam Annica , Zipfel Stephan , Giel Katrin Elisabeth
Published: September 2021

Die Binge Eating-Störung (BES) ist die am häufigsten diagnostizierte Essstörung. BES ist gekennzeichnet durch wiederkehrende Essanfälle mit Kontrollverlust. Viele PatientInnen mit BES leiden zusätzlich unter Adipositas und den damit assoziierten somatischen Erkrankungen sowie an komorbiden psychischen Störungen. Die Behandlung der Wahl für BES ist Psychotherapie.
Qualität der kinderpalliativmedizinischen Krisenintervention
– eine retrospektive Befragungsstudie
Authors: Berkmüller Magdalena , Gravou-Apostolatou Chara , Rascher Wolfgang
Published: September 2021

Hintergrund Neben der Palliativversorgung in der Sterbephase, gewinnt die
Betreuung erkrankter Kinder und ihrer Familien in Krisenzeiten einer
lebenslimitierenden Erkrankung an Bedeutung. Dazu unterstützt ein
spezialisiertes, ambulantes Palliativteam für Kinder und Jugendliche
(SAPV-KJ-Team) die Familien. Ziel der retrospektiven Studie mittels Fragebogen
war die Erfassung der Qualität dieser palliativmedizinischen
Kriseninterventionen für die betroffenen Familien.

Methodik Ein retrospektiver Fragebogen zur medizinischen Versorgung und
zur Belastung der Familie wurde entwickelt, den alle Familien erhielten, die
während der Versorgung durch das SAPV-KJ-Team einer Krisenintervention
benötigten. Als Maß für die familiäre Belastung
diente der „Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale“, der auf eine
Angst- und Depressionssymptomatik Angehöriger ausgerichtet ist. Alle
Familien, die im Zeitraum zwischen Januar 2012 und August 2017 im Rahmen von
Kriseninterventionen vom Kinderpalliativteam der Kinder- und Jugendklinik der
Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg betreut wurden, erhielten den
Fragebogen mit der Bitte um Mitarbeit.

Ergebnisse Die Rücklaufquote der Fragebögen betrug
52,1%. Besonders hoch wurde die Unterstützung und Sicherheit
durch das Palliativteam, die 24-Stunden Rufbereitschaft und die
Unterstützung bei der Organisation medizinischer Hilfsmittel bewertet.
Die Krisenintervention besserte die Belastung der Patienten und der Familie,
sowie die Symptomkontrolle und die Kommunikation deutlich.

Diskussion Die vorliegende Befragungsstudie unterstreicht die enorme
psychische und physische Belastung mit Einschränkung der
Lebensqualität sowohl erkrankter Kinder als auch deren Familie in
Krisensituationen. Die SAPV-KJ vermag die Patienten und ihre Familien zu
entlasten.