bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Attributes of Homemade Bakery Products from Two Local Varieties of Pineapple Compared with the Locally Available Market Products in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury T. , Akbar G. W. , Hojaifa U. , Absar N.
Published: September 2022

Pineapples (Ananas comosus L. Merr) contain beneficial properties and the object of the study is to compare the physical and chemical properties of two local varieties of pineapples and their prepared bakery products such as jelly and biscuit using flesh of pineapple as one of the raw materials and compare those with the locally available market products. Physico – chemical  properties such as fruit weight, diameter, length, edible portion %, pH, Vitamin C, Titratable acidity, sugar content, total soluble solids, lipid content, crude protein, phenolic compound and sensory attributes (Firmness, sweetness, tartness, colour, and overall acceptability) of fresh pineapple fruit of Honey Queen (HQ) and Giant Kew (GK) were studied. Both the varieties contained high amount of moisture, GK 84.42% and HQ 83.95%. Further, HQ variety showed more than GK variety in almost all of the properties. The phenolic contents of the extracts as caffeic acid equivalents were found to be highest in methanol HQ (12.45%), GK (9.8%) while in water extract HQ (5.4%), and GK (5.3%). In terms of prepared bakery product from pineapple, Sample H (Home prepared) was more preferable than the locally market available brand in consideration of the physico-chemical properties that affected the sensory attributes acceptability having the overall acceptability score of 7 in a 9-point hedonic scale.
Study on Extent of Extension Agency Contact among the Rural Youth of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Yedida Sudhamini , Murugan P. P. , Asokhan M. , Kumar G. Arun
Published: September 2022

India is the second most populous country in the world and likely to cross China to become the first. India is one of the countries with youngest population with about more than fifty percent of the population were under 25 years of age and above sixty five percent under the age of 65 years. Majority of the country’s youth lives in the villages. India relies on its young minds for the progress and development. Thus, it is necessary to study the characteristics of rural youth and in the present study extension agency contact of rural youth was elucidated. Extension agency contact refers to the extent of contact with various government and private extension professionals in order to get information that improves their socio-economic conditions. An Ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study. Two districts were selected for the study each from Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema. East Godavari district was selected from Coastal Andhra and Chittoor district was selected from Rayalaseema purposively based on the rural population. The study revealed that more than two-thirds of the respondents (68.75 per cent) had medium level of extension contact, less than one-fifth of the respondents (17.50 per cent) had low level of extension contact and little more than one-eighth of the respondents (13.75 per cent) had high level of extension contact.
First Occurrence of Heniochus intermedius Steindachner, 1893 in The Syrian Marine Waters (Levantine Basin)
Authors: Saad Adib , Masri Mai , Soliman Ahmad , Khrema Lana
Published: September 2022

On May 18, 2022, a Heniochus intermedius (Steindachner, 1893) individual with a total length of 140 mm and a total weight of 58.4 g was caught by trap at a depth of 14 meters, with a mixed bottom of sand and stones, in front of the beach of Banias (N: 35) ° 7. 0.5' 17', E: 35° 54' 14.73). In this work, we document the first record of a Red Sea species (Lesbesian immigrant), Heniochus intermedius (Steindachner, 1893), in the Syrian coast, the seventh record in the entire Mediterranean. As a result, the number of fish migrating from the Red Sea to the Syrian marine waters has reached 82 species. The methods of introduction and arrival of fish of this species into the Mediterranean are also discussed.
Purification of β-Glucosidase, One of the Flavor-enhancing Food Enzymes, from Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and Its Biochemical Characterization
Authors: Kara Hatibe Ertürk , Akgün Sabiha Tümay , Sinan Selma , Turan Yusuf
Published: September 2022

Aims: Determination of the biochemical properties of β-glucosidase in peppermint, which is rich in aromatic compounds.

Study Design: β-glucosidase was purified from mint, and biochemical characterization of the purified enzyme was performed.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences Biochemistry laboratory.

Methodology: Enzyme purification was performed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography using a Sepharose 4B-L-tyrosine-1-naphthylamine gel. Optimum pH, temperature, and substrate specificity of the purified enzyme were determined. The effects of glucose, δ-gluconolactone and some heavy metals on the enzyme activity were investigated.

Results: The enzyme was purified with 8-fold and 28% yield. The purified protein from mint was visualized at 65 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The substrate specificity of the purified β-glucosidase from mint was determined against para- and ortho-nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (p/o-NPG) substrates. The Km values were 0.4 and 0.9 mM, and the Vmax values were 102.2 EU and 96.6 EU, respectively. While the optimum pH for the purified enzyme was 6, the optimum temperature was 35°C. Effects of heavy metals Ag+2, Fe+3, Zn+2, Cu+2, and Pb+2 on the purified enzyme activity were investigated. Relative activities of heavy metals were introduced into the reaction medium as 0.75 mM samples without any known inhibitors in the environment. Fe+3 increased the enzyme activity, and Ag+2, Pb+2, Cu+2, and Zn+2 inhibited the enzyme, and their relative activities were 78, 76, 22, and 31%, respectively. Glucose and δ-gluconolactone competitively inhibited the enzyme activity when p-NPG was the substrate. Ki values of glucose and δ-gluconolactone were determined as 0.034±0.001 and 0.038±0.002 mM, respectively.

Conclusion: Determination of the biochemical properties of β-glucosidase from mint, which has commercial and pharmacological importance due to the phenolic substances it contains, will contribute to studies on improving food quality.
A Syllabus Suggestion for an Undergraduate Kinetic Typography Course
Authors: Boyraz Güliz
Published: September 2022

The static typography of the past has become kinetic and gained dimensions as a result of the opportunities and needs that have emerged with technological developments. Animated images and kinetic applications are needed both in the field of television broadcasting and in animation, game, and generic designs, all of which have become an important part of daily life. For this reason, kinetic typography and complementary courses must be included in visual communication design education in the curriculum today. In this context, this article aims to develop kinetic typography project definitions to analyze kinetic typography applications and propose a future-oriented typography lesson model. To reach this aim, this research employed a qualitative research methodology and literature review design. Examining the literature on the development and use of kinetic typography both in the national and international contexts, a syllabus has been proposed to be used in teaching the topic, of kinetic typography, at the undergraduate level of graphic design education. Scholars in the field are recommended to examine the syllabus and adapt it to their students’ needs.
Factors Affecting Production of Cauliflower: A Review
Authors: Singh Vipul Pratap , Sharma Surabhi , Yadav Kulveer Singh , Gupta Shubham , Gangwar Munendra
Published: September 2022

This article analyses the research on various cultivars, genetic diversity, heredity, and genetic progress, as well as how variable nitrogen levels and plant spacing affect the yield and growth of cauliflower in various regions of the world. This attempts to enhance productivity and output of cauliflower for fodder and human use. Most significant research papers summarise and report their key findings in separate paragraphs.
Determination of Radio Sensitivity (LD50) of Embryo Cultured of Banana (Musa balbisiana) cv. Bhimkol
Authors: Rakshi Manjula , Kavitha C. , Pugalendhi L. , Paramaguru P. , Sudhakar D. , Ganesan N. Meenakshi , Soorianathasundaram K.
Published: September 2022

Banana is parthenocarpic and vegetatively propagated crop due to which in vitro mutagenesis approaches have substantial scope to create variations for crop improvement. Bhimkol cultivar is a wild seeded type and it set seeds naturally. The immature seeds can be used for the in vitro mutation to create variability. Prerequisite in an in vitro mutation study, is to determine the appropriate dosages to produce larger recovery of mutants with diminutive population loss. It is necessary to fix the lethal dose (LD50) for optimizing the radiation doses for immature seeds of banana. In the present investigation, in order to fix the LD50 value immature seeds of banana were subjected to five different doses of gamma irradiation ranged from 5-25 Gy with control (untreated). The present finding was observed that as gamma radiation dose increased, delayed germination and reduction in the germination percentage of immature embryos. And also, seedling height and root length reduced significantly. Based on the probit analysis curve, the germination percentage showed that, LD50 dose of gamma radiation was 15 - 20 Gy for higher germination percentage of immature embryos in banana cv. Bhimkol.
Spatial Distribution of Nutrients in Research Farm, Department of Soil Science, CCS HAU Hisar, Haryana
Authors: Dinesh . , Kumar Pankaj , Bhardwaj K. K. , Gill Ankit , Anurag .
Published: September 2022

Mapping the spatial variability of soil fertility by employing Geographic Information System (GIS) provides an elicit information for current and future use. To know the fertility status of the research farm, sixty four surface soil samples were collected to evaluate the spatial distribution of nutrients. The soils of the study area were sandy loam to sandy clay loam in texture and slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline (7.40-8.20) in reaction and non-saline (0.19-0.86 dS m-1) in nature. Organic carbon was recorded high to low and varied from 0.22-0.82 percent. The soils of the research farm were low in available nitrogen (112-161 kg ha-1), high to medium in available phosphorus  (10-22 kg ha-1) and high to medium in available potassium (170-538 kg ha-1). The diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable micronutrients (Zinc, Copper and Manganese) status was found moderate to sufficient except Iron, which was found in moderate to deficient category (4.30-12.56 mg kg-1). Available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium showed high variation as indicated by coefficient of variance values (142.58, 16.63 and 10380.04, respectively). Organic carbon (0.02), zinc (0.07), iron (6.28), copper (0.19) and manganese (2.25) showed small variation as indicated by low variance. Organic carbon was significantly correlated with nitrogen and potassium suggesting synergistic effect. All the soils were low in available nitrogen that’s why application of nitrogenous fertilizers is necessary to ameliorate nutrient deficiency and enhance crop production. The spatial variability maps of nutrients provide an insight of fertility status of the area and this will help in easy monitoring of precision fertilizer management.
Influence of Long-term Application of Fertilizers and Manure on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Soybean
Authors: Patel Kiran , Kulhare P. S. , Patel Arunendra Kumar , Tagore G. S. , Lakaria B. L. , Lanjhewar Aakanksha
Published: September 2022

A field experiment was conducted under on-going Long-Term Fertilizer Experiment during 2020 and 2021 at the Research farm, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, to study the influence of long-term application of fertilizers and manure on growth, yield attributes and yield of soybean. There were eight treatments comprised of T1 (50% NPK), T2 (100% NPK), T3 (150% NPK), T4 (100% NP), T5 (100% N), T6 (100% NPK + FYM), T7 (100% NPK - S) and T8 (control). The treatments were replicated four times in a randomized block design. The soybean (RVS 2001-4) was grown with recommended dose of 20:80:20 (100% N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1) in kharif season. The application of 50% NPK, 100% NPK and 150% NPK significantly increased the plant height, pod length, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, test weight (100 seeds), seed and stover yield of soybean over control. While the plant height and pod length at 150% NPK were found significantly superior to 50% NPK. However, the number of pods plant-1, test weight (100 seeds), seed and stover yield of soybean successively and significantly increased with 50% NPK, 100% NPK and 150% NPK. While the number of seeds pod-1 significantly increased with 100% NPK and 150% NPK over 50% NPK but the two treatments were found at par. The application of 100% NPK + FYM significantly increased the plant height, pod length, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, test weight (100 seeds), seed and stover yield of soybean over 50% NPK, 100% NPK and 100% NP and 100% N. However, the application of 100% NPK + FYM was found significantly superior to 150% NPK for plant height and number of seeds pod-1. The growth and yield attributes were found significantly and positively correlated with seed and stover yield.
Seasonal Incidence of Tomato Fruit Borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and Its Correlation with Abiotic Factors: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Yadav Sneh , Pal R. K. , Yadav Ajay Kumar , Yadav Ankit Singh , Singh Gurwaan
Published: September 2022

A study on seasonal incidence of the tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on tomato was conducted under field conditions at Vegetable Research Station, CSAUA&T, Kanpur during Rabi season 2021-2022. The incidence of fruit borer commenced in the 47th standard week (third week of November) with an average population of 0.2 larvae per m row length. The fruit borer population increased and gradually reached its peak level of 7.8 larvae per m row length in the 3rd standard week (January third week), after that, a declining trend was observed. As regards abiotic factors, rainfall (r=0.4727), maximum relative humidity (r=0.3306), minimum relative humidity (r=0.7544) and wind speed (r=0.6039) had a significant positive correlation with the fruit borer population. Maximum temperature (r=-0.7616) and minimum temperature (r=-0.6327) are negatively correlated with the fruit borer population.
Effect of Organic, Inorganic and Biofertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Sponge Gourd (Luffa aegyptiaca) cv. TMSG-1609
Authors: Basumatary Jebita , Deepanshu . , Singh Devi , Bahadur Vijay
Published: September 2022

The present investigation entitled “Effect of organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of sponge gourd (Luffa aegyptiaca)” was carried out at Department of Horticulture, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P) during rabi season of 2022 for evaluation of different treatment combination of organic, inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of sponge gourd c.v. TMSG (1609). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with combination traits of 9 treatments, and three replication. Studies shows that, among all the treatments T7 was found to be the best out of the 9 treatments in terms of growth, yield and quality with days to germination (11.5 DAS), days to emergence (25.08 DAS), survival percentage (79.67%),vine length (20,40,60 DAS) (115.60 ,271.10, 453.70 cm), appearance of first male (47.75 DAS)  and female flower (54.64%)  in 50% flowering, days to first harvest (64.80 DAS), no. of fruits per plant (24.81), fruit length (24.81 cm), fruit diameter (6.13), fruit weight (181.71 g), yield per hectare(t) (16.20 t/ha), TSS (Total soluble solids)  (4.72 0brix), ascorbic acid content (10.01 mg), fruit colour (138.6). In terms of economics, gross return, net return and benefit cost ratio was also recorded in T7 (80% RDF + 20% through vermicompost + PSB + azotobacter) with gross return (Rs, 3,20,400) , net return (Rs 2,35,750) along with benefit cost ratio (3.7).
Response of Rice Genotypes to Boron Fertilization and Screening of Efficient Rice Varieties under Boron Stress in Inceptisol
Authors: Kowsalya A. , Sriramachandrasekharan M. V. , Senthilvalavan P.
Published: September 2022

A pot culture experiment was conducted on Karaikal soil series (Vertic Ustropept) to study the response of rice genotypes to boron addition and screening efficient genotypes using stress indices. Ten rice genotypes were tested at two (0, 2 mg kg-1) level of boron. The result revealed that the highest grain yield (88.40 g pot-1) and straw yield (114.7 g pot-1), and the maximum grain boron uptake (2192.3 µg pot-1) and straw boron uptake (3291.9 µg pot-1) were recorded with application 2.0 mg boron kg-1. Amongst rice genotypes, ADT 50 recorded significantly the highest grain and straw yield, boron uptake and boron use efficiency compared to other genotypes on application of boron @ 2 mg kg-1. From the study results, we observed that there are significant differences among rice genotypes on yield, boron uptake and use efficiency with boron fertilization compared to no boron application. Further, based on stress tolerance index (STI), yield under stress (Ys) and adequate condition (Yp) rice genotypes were categorized into Group A – uniform superiority under stress and non – stress condition – ADT 50, ADT43 and ADT 53 with high STI > 1.0; Group B - perform favorably only under non – stress condition - ADT 46, ADT 52,ADT 51, ADT 40 and ADT 37 – STI - 0.7 to 1.0; Group C – genotype yield relatively higher only under stress environment – no genotypes ; Group D – genotype perform poorly in both stress and non-stress environment – ADT 38 and ADT 39 with low STI < 0.70.
Effect of Pre-Sowing Seed Treatment of Selected Organics and Botanical on Growth, Seed Yield and Yield Attributting Tarits of Maize (Zea mays L.) Var. VNR-4226
Authors: Yeruva Rishikar Reddy , Rai Prashant Kumar , Nagar Sasya
Published: September 2022

The field experiment was conducted during Kharif season in the year 2021- 2022 at post graduate Crop research farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, in order to study the different Pre-sowing seed treatments of selected Organics and Botanicals on growth, Seed yield and yield attributing traits of Maize (Zea mays L.) Var. VNR-4226 The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 13 treatments and 3 replications. In order to standardization method of seed treatment to specific maize crop and they were evaluated by screening a range of duration and concentration Viz T0- Control, T1 - Panchagavya 5% (12Hrs), T2 - Panchagavya 10% (12Hrs), T3 - Panchagavya 15% (12Hrs), T4 - Moringa Leaf Extract 5% (12Hrs), T5 - Moringa Leaf Extract 10% (12Hrs), T6 - Moringa Leaf Extract 15% (12Hrs), T7 - Vermiwash 5% (12Hrs), T8 - Vermiwash 10% (12Hrs), T9 – vermiwash 15% (12Hrs), T10 – Moringa leaf extract 5% (12Hrs), T11 - Moringa leaf extract 10% (12Hrs), T12 - Moringa leaf extract 15% (12Hrs). To find out effect of different seed treatment on growth, yield and seed quality parameters of maize showed that significant treatment for Rate of Field emergence, Plant height (30,60,90 DAS), Number of leaves (30,60,90), Days to 50% Tasselling, days to 50% Silking, days to 50% Maturity, Number of cobs in a plant, cob length, cob grith, Number of rows in a cob, Number of Kernels in a row, Total number of kernels in a cob, seed yield per plot, Biological yield, Stover yield, Harvesting Index and economics were significantly recorded highest in T12 (Neem leaf extract 15% for 12 hours) followed by T2- Panchagravya (10%) whereas minimum was observed in T0 (control).
Bacteriological Profile and Resistance of Escherichia coli to Beta-lactam for Patients Consulted at Douala Laquintinie Hospital
Authors: Kikie Essola Josiane , Christiane Medi Sike , Libert Embolo Enyegue Elisee , Kleber Koa Paulin , Tangueu Ornella Vanessa Alactio , Karyom Djim-Adjim-Ngana , Dieudonne Adiogo
Published: September 2022

Enterobacteriaceae are the most common causes of community-acquired and nosocomial infections. They are usually treated with beta-lactam antibiotics, i.e., penicillins, broad-spectrum cephalosporins, and carbapenems (Imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem). In order to evaluate the resistance profile of Escherichia coli (E. coli) to beta-lactam antibiotics, a 3-year retrospective study was carried out in the medical biology laboratory of the Laquintinie Hospital in Douala. The aim was to compare the behavior of Escherichia coli bacteria to penicillins, carbapenems, and cephalosporins. In order to achieve this objective, we used the results obtained from E. coli strains isolated from urine, cervico-vaginal fluid, puncture fluid, pleural fluid and pus samples. Identification was confirmed using the API 20 E Enterobacteriaceae system of biochemical testing and the VITEK 2 system. The VITEK 2 system was used to perform the antibiogram. Statistical analyses obtained from GraphPad Prim V 5.0 software allowed us to perform tests such as ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman correlations. Preliminary results show that E. coli bacteria are highly resistant to penicillins and significantly susceptible to cephalosporins of all generations if they are not ESBL (extended-spectrum beta-lactamases). Data on carbapenem behavior show less resistance and moderate susceptibility.
Analysis of the Targets and Progress toward Meeting the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal - 6 on Clean Water and Sanitation: Evidence from India
Authors: Sharma Romesh , Katoch Om Raj
Published: September 2022

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) success has been a major challenge for governments of every nation over the past few years. In particular, this research focuses on the progress being made toward achieving SDG 6 which aims to make sure that every person has access to clean drinking water and sanitation. Access to safe drinking water and sanitation is perhaps the most squeezing challenge in the nation and is being tended to by the public authority on a fundamentally important premise. The core purpose of this paper was to evaluate the progress made to achieve the SDG 6 objectives in India and Indian states and UTs. Using SDG Index reports for 2018, 2019 and 2020, we assess the progress made in terms of SDG 6. The results showed that most states and UTs are in the front runner category and progress is being made. The paper raises various policy issues, including drafting water and sanitation regulations that benefit the poor and marginalized sectors of society, as well as states and areas that lack access. The importance of formal education, especially for rural women, cannot be overstated, which impacts their decisions about the type of bathroom to use and what water treatment alternatives are most applicable to their particular needs. Strong collaboration between non-state organizations and the government as well as involvement of local institutions such as PRIs in introducing reforms in the water and sanitation sectors are the ways to achieve targets under SDG 6.
Bilgisayar Oyunlarıyla Dijital Masal Yazımı: İkinci Dil Öğrenenler için Yeni Etkin Bir Dilbilimsel Yaklaşım
Authors: ALAWDAT Maha , HANCI-AZİZOĞLU Eda Başak
Published: September 2022

Today’s generation of digital natives was born into a world of digital stimulation in which knowledge transfer is within their reach in seconds. The evidence is solid in the fact that today’s children are digitally coded and prefer digital learning to traditional or rote learning practices. From the same perspective, there has been a curricula gap between generations when the subject matter is learning an additional language through both digital and effective language teaching techniques. Digital gaming, which is highly popular among the new generation of students, can offer a descriptive and creative language teaching method through writing stories. Within the context of this research study, a new linguistic landscape through digital storytelling is offered by asking students to rewrite or modify culturally known fairytales. Thus, this research study proposes and exemplifies a novel language teaching method for digital and creative language practices through gaming and storytelling via applied linguistics principles.
The Lesser Evil: University Students Representations On The Use Of Masks For Covid-19 Prevention / Dos Males o Menor: Representações de Universitários sobre o Uso das Máscaras para Prevenção da Covid-19
Authors: Silva Lima Rogério , Seron Sanches Roberta , De Abreu Paula Daniella , Coelho Leite Fava Silvana Maria , Do Nascimento Murilo César
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: conhecer as representações sociais de universitários brasileiros sobre o uso de máscaras para o controle da COVID-19. Método: estudo qualitativo, tipo survey, ancorado na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Participaram 283 universitários brasileiros, selecionados por conveniência. Os dados foram coletados por meio de formulário digital. Para análise, utilizou-se a Análise Temática. Resultados: elaborou-se um tema nomeado “A máscara para prevenção: materialização do medo de contágio”, e três subtemas, intitulados respectivamente “A construção de um novo hábito: o mal necessário das máscaras”; “O macrossocial na modificação do eu” e “O uso da máscara no dia-a-dia: a individualização do social”. Conclusão:  observou-se a compreensão do uso de máscaras como um recurso para prevenção de uma condição ameaçadora à vida. Atitudes favoráveis parecem se organizar em contraposição ao medo causado pelo vírus e suas consequências.
Knowledge of Nurses about Electrocardiography Basics / Conhecimento de Enfermeiros sobre Noções Básicas de Eletrocardiografia
Authors: Carrijo Marcos Vítor Naves , Oliveira Wanmar de Souza , Silva Michele Salles da , Flores Cezar Augusto da Silva , Maier Suellen Rodrigues de Oliveira
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: verificar o conhecimento de enfermeiros sobre eletrofisiologia e noções de interpretação do eletrocardiograma. Método: estudo observacional, transversal, analítico, quantitativo, realizado em um hospital do centro-oeste brasileiro. Amostra não probabilística foi constituída por enfermeiros atuantes no referido hospital. Para a coleta de dados foi elaborado e validado o questionário de averiguação do conhecimento. Foram realizadas análises de frequência simples e de tendência central e dispersão, adotando-se o teste qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: participaram do estudo 20 enfermeiros, a maioria do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 34,6 anos. Foi possível identificar déficit no conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre eletrofisiologia e noções de eletrocardiograma, entretanto, aqueles profissionais que realizaram cursos de atualização sobre a temática obtiveram níveis mais elevados de conhecimentos sobre o assunto. Conclusão: verificaram-se fragilidades dos enfermeiros no que se refere ao conhecimento sobre eletrofisiologia, identificação de traçados eletrocardiográficos fisiológicos e patológicos.
Variation in and Factors Associated With US County-Level Cancer Mortality, 2008-2019
Authors: Dong Weichuan , Bensken Wyatt P. , Kim Uriel , Rose Johnie , Fan Qinjin , Schiltz Nicholas K. , Berger Nathan A. , Koroukian Siran M.
Published: September 2022

Importance

The association between cancer mortality and risk factors may vary by geography. However, conventional methodological approaches rarely account for this variation.

Objective

To identify geographic variations in the association between risk factors and cancer mortality.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This geospatial cross-sectional study used county-level data from the National Center for Health Statistics for individuals who died of cancer from 2008 to 2019. Risk factor data were obtained from County Health Rankings & Roadmaps, Health Resources and Services Administration, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Analyses were conducted from October 2021 to July 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Conventional random forest models were applied nationwide and by US region, and the geographical random forest model (accounting for local variation of association) was applied to assess associations between a wide range of risk factors and cancer mortality.

Results

The study included 7 179 201 individuals (median age, 70-74 years; 3 409 508 women [47.5%]) who died from cancer in 3108 contiguous US counties during 2008 to 2019. The mean (SD) county-level cancer mortality rate was 177.0 (26.4) deaths per 100 000 people. On the basis of the variable importance measure, the random forest models identified multiple risk factors associated with cancer mortality, including smoking, receipt of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, and obesity. The geographical random forest model further identified risk factors that varied at the county level. For example, receipt of SNAP benefits was a high-importance factor in the Appalachian region, North and South Dakota, and Northern California; smoking was of high importance in Kentucky and Tennessee; and female-headed households were high-importance factors in North and South Dakota. Geographic areas with certain high-importance risk factors did not consistently have a corresponding high prevalence of the same risk factors.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, the associations between cancer mortality and risk factors varied by geography in a way that did not correspond strictly to risk factor prevalence. The degree to which other place-specific characteristics, observed and unobserved, modify risk factor effects should be further explored, and this work suggests that risk factor importance may be a preferable paradigm for selecting cancer control interventions compared with risk factor prevalence.
Factors Associated With COVID-19 Vaccination Among Individuals With Vaccine Hesitancy in French-Speaking Belgium
Authors: Gbenonsi Gloria Yawavi , Labat Aline , Oleffe Amandine , Jidovtseff Boris , Servais Olivier , Vermeulen Nicolas , Paul Elisabeth
Published: September 2022

This cross-sectional study examines why people in French-speaking regions of Belgium who initially resisted getting the COVID-19 vaccine eventually chose to get vaccinated.
Patient‐specific radiological protection precautions following Cs collagen embedded Cs‐131 implantation in the brain
Authors: Prasad Kavya , Dauer Lawrence T. , Chu Bae P. , Aramburu‐Nunez David , Cohen Gilad , Beal Kathryn , Imber Brandon S. , Moss Nelson S.
Published: September 2022

Objective

Cesium‐131 brachytherapy is an adjunct for brain tumor treatment, offering potential clinical and radiation protection advantages over other isotopes including iodine‐125. We present evidence‐based radiation safety recommendations from an initial experience with Cs‐131 brachytherapy in the resection cavities of recurrent, previously irradiated brain metastases.

Methods

Twenty‐two recurrent brain metastases in 18 patients were resected and treated with permanent Cs‐131 brachytherapy implantation using commercially procured seed‐impregnated collagen tiles (GammaTile, GT Medical Technologies). Exposure to intraoperative staff was monitored with NVLAP‐accredited ring dosimeters. For patient release considerations, NCRP guidelines were used to develop an algorithm for modeling lifetime exposure to family and ancillary staff caring for patients based on measured dose rates.

Results

A median of 16 Cs‐131 seeds were implanted (range 6–46) with median cumulative strength of 58.72U (20.64‐150.42). Resulting dose rates were 1.19 mSv/h (0.28–3.3) on contact, 0.08 mSv/h (0.01–0.35) at 30 cm, and 0.01 mSv/h (0.001–0.03) at 100 cm from the patient. Modeled total caregiver exposure was 0.91 mSv (0.16–3.26), and occupational exposure was 0.06 mSv (0.02–0.23) accounting for patient self‐shielding via skull and soft tissue attenuation. Real‐time dose rate measurements were grouped into brackets to provide close contact precautions for caregivers ranging from 1–3 weeks for adults and longer for pregnant women and children, including cases with multiple implantations.

Conclusions

Radiological protection precautions were developed based on patient‐specific emissions and accounted for multiple implantations of Cs‐131, to maintain exposure to staff and the public in accordance with relevant regulatory dose constraints.
New web tool from NASADAD shows state‐by‐state use of SOR grant, and more
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2022

The National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors (NASADAD) published a new web tool last week showing how each state uses State Opioid Response (SOR) funding to address opioid and stimulant misuse and use disorders. The SOR grant is $1.52 billion a year and is provided in addition to the Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment (SAPT) block grant, which for decades has been under $2 billion a year.
Monocyte Recruitment for Vascular Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Nasiri Bita , Yi Tai , Wu Yulun , Smith Randall J. , Podder Ashis Kumar , Breuer Christopher K. , Andreadis Stelios T.
Published: September 2022

A strategy to recruit monocytes (MCs) from blood to regenerate vascular tissue from unseeded (cell‐free) tissue engineered vascular grafts is presented. When immobilized on the surface of vascular grafts, the fusion protein, H2R5 can capture blood‐derived MC under static or flow conditions in a shear stress dependent manner. The bound MC turns into macrophages (Mϕ) expressing both M1 and M2 phenotype specific genes. When H2R5 functionalized acellular‐tissue engineered vessels (A‐TEVs) are implanted into the mouse aorta, they remain patent and form a continuous endothelium expressing both endothelial cell (EC) and MC specific proteins. Underneath the EC layer, multiple cells layers are formed coexpressing both smooth muscle cell (SMC) and MC specific markers. Lineage tracing analysis using a novel CX3CR1‐confetti mouse model demonstrates that fluorescently labeled MC populates the graft lumen by two and four weeks postimplantation, providing direct evidence in support of MC/Mϕ recruitment to the graft lumen. Given their abundance in the blood, circulating MCs may be a great source of cells that contribute directly to the endothelialization and vascular wall formation of acellular vascular grafts under the right chemical and biomechanical cues.
Impacts of sub‐optimal water quality on the haemolymph biochemistry, immune status and condition of post‐harvest Southern Rock Lobsters (Jasus edwardsii)
Authors: Day Ryan D. , Fitzgibbon Quinn P. , Gardner Caleb
Published: September 2022

Palinurid rock (or spiny) lobsters constitute valuable seafood fisheries around the world. Post‐harvest mortality can have a substantial economic impact on the value of these fisheries and damage the brand identity of an otherwise fungible commodity. In this study, sudden, large‐scale mortalities in the Australian Rock Lobster industry were investigated through comprehensive haemolymph biochemistry panels, measurements of immune status and nutritional condition. A cohort of lobsters (n = 25) was sampled over a 4‐week period at a commercial processing facility, with the final sample occurring during a mortality event. A comparison of 22 biochemical parameters, including electrolytes, minerals, ions, metabolites and enzymes, showed a notable disruption in osmoregulation, protein content and enzymes during weeks 3 and 4 of the study. Haemocyte counts showed a decline in circulating haemocytes by the time of the mortality event along with a shift in the proportion of hyalinocytes to granulocytes favouring the former. The condition index was variable over the sampling schedule, possibly linked to observed incidences of cannibalism, with no evidence of an overall low condition that would explain mortalities. The lobsters sampled in this study did not show any consistent or progressive changes in biochemistry that may indicate a pathogen or disease as a causative agent. Rather, analysis of the water quality within the facility suggested that mortality was due to sub‐optimal water quality characterized by a combination of two factors, a substantial decrease in the pH and potential nitrogen toxicity, that caused a physiological response comprised of an ion imbalance, altered enzyme activity and, ultimately, mortality. These results offer a comprehensive characterization of the impact of unexplained morbidity on the biochemistry and physiology of lobsters, illustrate the harm of sub‐optimal aquaculture practices and highlight the need for a better understanding of aquaculture practices and their effects on economically important seafood industries.
A first complete phylogenomic hypothesis for diploid blueberries (Vaccinium section Cyanococcus)
Authors: Crowl Andrew A. , Fritsch Peter W. , Tiley George P. , Lynch Nathan P. , Ranney Thomas G. , Ashrafi Hamid , Manos Paul S.
Published: September 2022

Premise

The true blueberries (Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus; Ericaceae), endemic to North America, have been intensively studied for over a century. However, with species estimates ranging from nine to 24 and much confusion regarding species boundaries, this ecologically and economically valuable group remains inadequately understood at a basic evolutionary and taxonomic level. As a first step toward understanding the evolutionary history and taxonomy of this species complex, we present the first phylogenomic hypothesis of the known diploid blueberries.

Methods

We used flow cytometry to verify the ploidy of putative diploid taxa and a target‐enrichment approach to obtain a genomic data set for phylogenetic analyses.

Results

Despite evidence of gene flow, we found that a primary phylogenetic signal is present. Monophyly for all morphospecies was recovered, with two notable exceptions: one sample of V. boreale was consistently nested in the V. myrtilloides clade and V. caesariense was nested in the V. fuscatum clade. One diploid taxon, Vaccinium pallidum, is implicated as having a homoploid hybrid origin.

Conclusions

This foundational study represents the first attempt to elucidate evolutionary relationships of the true blueberries of North America with a phylogenomic approach and sets the stage for multiple avenues of future study such as a taxonomic revision of the group, the verification of a homoploid hybrid taxon, and the study of polyploid lineages within the context of a diploid phylogeny.
Investigation of the CO releasing ability of azachalcone bound Mn(I) tricarbonyl complexes and their antiproliferative properties
Authors: Thomas Jisha Mary , Kuduvalli Shreyas S. , Anitha Thirugnanasambandhar Sivasubramanian , Sivasankar Chinnappan
Published: September 2022

A series of [Mn(CO)3(L)Br] complexes (1–5) are synthesized using azachalcones as ligands, wherein they are coordinated to the manganese metal through the nitrogen and oxygen donor atoms. Their characterization using various spectroscopic techniques, stability analysis in dimethyl sulfoxide solvent, photodecomposition analysis, and antiproliferative effect are reported herein. These complexes release CO upon exposure to green light radiation. DFT and TD‐DFT investigations are also reported to gather information regarding the electronic features of these complexes.
Development of sensitive colorimetric aptasensor based on short DNA aptamer and its application to screening for paraquat residues in agricultural soil
Authors: Kongpreecha Pakawat , Phanchai Witthawat , Puangmali Theerapong , Siri Sineenat
Published: September 2022

Paraquat is a widely used herbicide for controlling weeds and grasses in agriculture, and its contaminated residues in agricultural areas are of increasing concern. This work reports the development of the sensitive and easy‐to‐use colorimetric aptasensor for screening paraquat residues in agricultural soil. The short DNA fragments derived from the original aptamer were analyzed for their capability to interact with paraquat by molecular dynamic simulation. The paraquat‐aptasensor was developed using the selected DNA fragment and gold nanoparticles. Its limit of detection (LOD) for paraquat is 2.76 nM, which is more sensitive than the aptasensor with long‐length aptamer (LOD = 12.98 nM). The developed aptasensor shows the selectivity to paraquat, but not to other tested herbicides; ametryn, atrazine, difenzoquat, 2,4‐D‐dimethyl ammonium, and glufosinate. The recovery rates of paraquat detection in the spiked soil samples were in a range of 99.5%–105.1%, with relative standard deviation values of <4%. The developed aptasensor was used to screen for paraquat residues in agricultural soils, and three out of 23 soil samples were tested positive for paraquat, which was confirmed by a high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis. These results suggested the potential application of the developed aptasensor to detect paraquat residues in agricultural sites.
Activity‐Guided Isolation of Cytotoxic Non‐Glycosidic Ester Iridoids from Valeriana alliariifolia Adams and Unravelling Their Cell Death Mechanisms
Authors: Erdoğan Murat , Aru Başak , Tayğun Umut Can , Şimşek Ceren , Yeşilada Erdem , Yanıkkaya‐Demirel Gülderen , Kırmızıbekmez Hasan
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to isolate the cytotoxic compounds from V. alliariifolia via activity‐guided isolation and to determine the mechanism of actions of the most potent ones. The crude EtOH extract as well as CHCl3 and AcOEt subextracts demonstrated remarkable cytotoxic activities against A549, MCF7, HGC27 and PC3 cancer cells. Sequential chromatographic separations on active subextracts yielded 14 secondary metabolites, including 11 iridoids (1–11) most of which belong to non‐glycosidic ester iridoids, two phenylpropanoids (12 and 13) and one lignan (14). The chemical structures of purified compounds were elucidated by NMR and MS analysis. Among the isolates, 7‐deisovaleroylvaltrate (3) was isolated for the first time as a natural product. According to the cytotoxic assay compounds, 2, 4–6 and 8 were found to be the potent cytotoxic compounds (IC50 <10 μM) against at least one of the tested cancer cell lines. Thus, 2, 4–6 and 8 were investigated for their effects on apoptotic, necrotic and autophagic pathways as well as cell cycle progression. They exerted anticancer activities by inducing different cell death mechanisms depending on the cancer cells. The results demonstrated that 2, 4–6 and 8 could be potential anticancer drug leads that deserve further in vivo and clinical studies on the way to discover novel natural compounds with anticancer properties.
Identification of 2,4‐Dinitro‐Biphenyl‐Based Compounds as MAPEG Inhibitors
Authors: Di Micco Simone , Terracciano Stefania , Pierri Martina , Cantone Vincenza , Liening Stefanie , König Stefanie , Garscha Ulrike , Hofstetter Robert Klaus , Koeberle Andreas , Werz Oliver , Bruno Ines , Bifulco Giuseppe
Published: September 2022

We identified 2,4‐dinitro‐biphenyl‐based compounds as new inhibitors of leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S) and 5‐lipoxygenase‐activating protein (FLAP), both members of the “Membrane Associated Proteins in Eicosanoid and Glutathione metabolism” (MAPEG) family involved in the biosynthesis of pro‐inflammatory eicosanoids. By molecular docking we evaluated the putative binding against the targets of interest, and by applying cell‐free and cell‐based assays we assessed the inhibition of LTC4S and FLAP by the small molecules at low micromolar concentrations. The present results integrate the previously observed inhibitory profile of the tested compounds against another MAPEG member, i. e., microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES)‐1, suggesting that the 2,4‐dinitro‐biphenyl scaffold is a suitable molecular platform for a multitargeting approach to modulate pro‐inflammatory mediators in inflammation and cancer treatment.
Characterization of CYP2D6 Pharmacogenetic Variation in Sub‐Saharan African Populations
Authors: Twesigomwe David , Drögemöller Britt I. , Wright Galen E.B. , Adebamowo Clement , Agongo Godfred , Boua Palwendé R. , Matshaba Mogomotsi , Paximadis Maria , Ramsay Michèle , Simo Gustave , Simuunza Martin C. , Tiemessen Caroline T. , Lombard Zané , Hazelhurst Scott
Published: September 2022

Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is a key enzyme in drug response owing to its involvement in the metabolism of ~ 25% of clinically prescribed medications. The encoding CYP2D6 gene is highly polymorphic, and many pharmacogenetics studies have been performed worldwide to investigate the distribution of CYP2D6 star alleles (haplotypes); however, African populations have been relatively understudied to date. In this study, the distributions of CYP2D6 star alleles and predicted drug metabolizer phenotypes—derived from activity scores—were examined across multiple sub‐Saharan African populations based on bioinformatics analysis of 961 high‐depth whole genome sequences. This was followed by characterization of novel star alleles and suballeles in a subset of the participants via targeted high‐fidelity Single‐Molecule Real‐Time resequencing (Pacific Biosciences). This study revealed varying frequencies of known CYP2D6 alleles and predicted phenotypes across different African ethnolinguistic groups. Twenty‐seven novel CYP2D6 star alleles were predicted computationally and two of them were further validated. This study highlights the importance of studying variation in key pharmacogenes such as CYP2D6 in the African context to better understand population‐specific allele frequencies. This will aid in the development of better genotyping panels and star allele detection approaches with a view toward supporting effective implementation of precision medicine strategies in Africa and across the African diaspora.
Purification of Self‐Assembled DNA Tetrahedra Using Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Patel Akul , Valsangkar Vibhav , Halvorsen Ken , Chandrasekaran Arun Richard
Published: September 2022

DNA nanostructures have found applications in a variety of fields such as biosensing, drug delivery, cellular imaging, and computation. Several of these applications require purification of the DNA nanostructures once they are assembled. Gel electrophoresis–based purification of DNA nanostructures is one of the methods used for this purpose. Here, we describe a step‐by‐step protocol for a gel‐based method to purify self‐assembled DNA tetrahedra. With further optimization, this method could also be adapted for other DNA nanostructures. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Purification of self‐assembled DNA tetrahedra