bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulation of cAMP levels by high‐fat diet and curcumin and regulatory effects on CD36/FAT scavenger receptor/fatty acids transporter gene expression
Authors: Zingg Jean‐Marc , Hasan Syeda T. , Nakagawa Kiyotaka , Canepa Elisa , Ricciarelli Roberta , Villacorta Luis , Azzi Angelo , Meydani Mohsen
Published: February 2017

Curcumin, a polyphenol from turmeric (Curcuma longa), reduces inflammation, atherosclerosis, and obesity in several animal studies. In Ldlr−/− mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD), curcumin reduces plasma lipid levels, therefore contributing to a lower accumulation of lipids and to reduced expression of fatty acid transport proteins (CD36/FAT, FABP4/aP2) in peritoneal macrophages. In this study, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms by which curcumin (500, 1000, 1500 mg/kg diet, for 4 months) may influence plasma and tissue lipid levels in Ldlr−/− mice fed an HFD. In liver, HFD significantly suppressed cAMP levels, and curcumin restored almost normal levels. Similar trends were observed in adipose tissues, but not in brain, skeletal muscle, spleen, and kidney. Treatment with curcumin increased phosphorylation of CREB in liver, what may play a role in regulatory effects of curcumin in lipid homeostasis. In cell lines, curcumin increased the level of cAMP, activated the transcription factor CREB and the human CD36 promoter via a sequence containing a consensus CREB response element. Regulatory effects of HFD and Cur on gene expression were observed in liver, less in skeletal muscle and not in brain. Since the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)/CREB pathway plays an important role in lipid homeostasis, energy expenditure, and thermogenesis by increasing lipolysis and fatty acid β‐oxidation, an increase in cAMP levels induced by curcumin may contribute to its hypolipidemic and anti‐atherosclerotic effects. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(1):42–53, 2017
Effects of antibody disulfide bond reduction on purification process performance and final drug substance stability
Authors: Chung Wai Keen , Russell Brian , Yang Yanhong , Handlogten Michael , Hudak Suzanne , Cao Mingyan , Wang Jihong , Robbins David , Ahuja Sanjeev , Zhu Min
Published: February 2017

Antibody disulfide bond reduction during monoclonal antibody (mAb) production is a phenomenon that has been attributed to the reducing enzymes from CHO cells acting on the mAb during the harvest process. However, the impact of antibody reduction on the downstream purification process has not been studied. During the production of an IgG2 mAb, antibody reduction was observed in the harvested cell culture fluid (HCCF), resulting in high fragment levels. In addition, aggregate levels increased during the low pH treatment step in the purification process. A correlation between the level of free thiol in the HCCF (as a result of antibody reduction) and aggregation during the low pH step was established, wherein higher levels of free thiol in the starting sample resulted in increased levels of aggregates during low pH treatment. The elevated levels of free thiol were not reduced over the course of purification, resulting in carry‐over of high free thiol content into the formulated drug substance. When the drug substance with high free thiols was monitored for product degradation at room temperature and 2–8°C, faster rates of aggregation were observed compared to the drug substance generated from HCCF that was purified immediately after harvest. Further, when antibody reduction mitigations (e.g., chilling, aeration, and addition of cystine) were applied, HCCF could be held for an extended period of time while providing the same product quality/stability as material that had been purified immediately after harvest. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1264–1274. © 2017 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Characterization of a continuous agitated cell reactor for oxygen dependent biocatalysis
Authors: Toftgaard Pedersen Asbjørn , de Carvalho Teresa Melo , Sutherland Euan , Rehn Gustav , Ashe Robert , Woodley John M.
Published: February 2017

Biocatalytic oxidation reactions employing molecular oxygen as the electron acceptor are difficult to conduct in a continuous flow reactor because of the requirement for high oxygen transfer rates. In this paper, the oxidation of glucose to glucono‐1,5‐lactone by glucose oxidase was used as a model reaction to study a novel continuous agitated cell reactor (ACR). The ACR consists of ten cells interconnected by small channels. An agitator is placed in each cell, which mixes the content of the cell when the reactor body is shaken by lateral movement. Based on tracer experiments, a hydrodynamic model for the ACR was developed. The model consisted of ten tanks‐in‐series with back‐mixing occurring within and between each cell. The back‐mixing was a necessary addition to the model in order to explain the observed phenomenon that the ACR behaved as two continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) at low flow rates, while it at high flow rates behaved as the expected ten CSTRs in series. The performance of the ACR was evaluated by comparing the steady state conversion at varying residence times with the conversion observed in a stirred batch reactor of comparable size. It was found that the ACR could more than double the overall reaction rate, which was solely due to an increased oxygen transfer rate in the ACR caused by the intense mixing as a result of the spring agitators. The volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient, kLa, was estimated to be 344 h−1 in the 100 mL ACR, opposed to only 104 h−1 in a batch reactor of comparable working volume. Interestingly, the large deviation from plug flow behavior seen in the tracer experiments was found to have little influence on the conversion in the ACR, since both a plug flow reactor (PFR) model and the backflow cell model described the data sufficiently well. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1222–1230. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient and Facile Fabrication of Hierarchical Carbon Foams with Abundant Nanoscale Pores for Use in Supercapacitors
Authors: Xiong Wei , Yang Guijun , Yang Tae Hyeon , Liu Shantang , Jung Yongju
Published: February 2017

Hierarchical carbon foams (HCFs) with micro‐, meso‐, and macropores were successfully synthesized via a two‐step process: (1) polymerization in oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions without any hard templates and (2) carbonization at 850°C. With the aim of both enhancing the stability of the emulsion and forming a micro‐ and mesoporous structure during the carbonization process, potassium citrate was introduced in an aqueous solution of resorcinol and formaldehyde. A series of HCFs were fabricated by changing the mass ratio of potassium citrate to total carbon sources from 0.25 to 1.5. The effect of potassium citrate on the porous structure of HCFs was investigated through nitrogen sorption tests. The prepared HCFs exhibited well‐developed porous structures of micro‐, meso‐ and macropores and high surface areas. The structural characteristics of the HCFs, including pore size distribution, surface area, and porosity, were significantly dependent on the amount of potassium citrate. It was concluded that potassium citrate greatly contributed to the formation of carbon foams with nano‐sized pore structures and high porosity. Interestingly, it was found that when the mass ratio of potassium citrate to total carbon sources was 0.5, the HCFs showed the highest specific surface area (~1360 m2/g). Furthermore, the capacitive performances of the HCFs were evaluated in a 6.0 M KOH aqueous solution using typical electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests. The capacitance of the HCFs tended to increase with the increase in surface area. In particular, the HCFs with the highest surface area also exhibited excellent electrochemical properties (high capacitance of 224 F/g at 1.0 A/g, high rate capability of 191 F/g at 10.0 A/g). These features may be attributed to both the resulting interconnected pore structure that is easily accessible to ions and the high surface area. We believe that this synthesis strategy can be easily extended to the preparation of hierarchical porous carbon materials with a desirable pore structure by tuning the organic monomer.
In Situ Growth of Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles for the Direct and Sensitive Colorimetric Assay of Glucose
Authors: Weng Shaohuang , Feng Feng , Guo Honghui , Wu Namei , Zheng Yanjie , Lin Zhen , Lin Xinhua
Published: February 2017

Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs)‐based colorimetric assay for the highly sensitive and selective detection of glucose has been conducted. The sensing, which was based on the in situ growth of Au NPs in the presence of glucose, was developed with the solution changing from colorless to red. This change could be observed with the naked eye or a ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometer. Moreover, adding trace amounts of Tween‐20 kept Au NPs well spaced. Under the optimal assay conditions, the absorbance of Au NPs at 550 nm was proportional to glucose concentration within 400–1800 μM with a linear regression equation, and the detection limit was 6.28 μM. Some common interfering compounds in beverages, including other sugars, food additives, and amino acids, did not affect glucose sensing. Therefore, the proposed Au NP‐based colorimetric assay could be successfully used to determine glucose in beverages.
Yeast dynamin interaction with ESCRT proteins at the endosome
Authors: Banh Bryan T. , McDermott Hyoeun , Woodman Sara , Gadila Shiva Kumar Goud , Saimani Uma , Short John C. W. , Kim Kyoungtae
Published: February 2017

The dynamin‐like protein, Vps1, is a GTPase involved in cargo sorting and membrane remodeling in multiple cellular trafficking pathways. Recently, Vps1 has been shown to genetically interact with ESCRT subunits. We tested the hypothesis that the functional connection of Vps1 with some of these subunits of ESCRT complexes occurs via a physical interaction. By utilizing the yeast two‐hybrid system, we revealed that Vps1 physically interacts with the ESCRT‐II subunits, Vps22 and Vps36, and the ESCRT‐III subunit Vps24. We found that Vps1 and ESCRT‐II components colocalize with Pep12, an endosomal marker. Additionally, loss of Vps1 or depletion of the GTPase activity of Vps1 results in a moderate defect in Cps1 targeting to the vacuole. Here, we discussed the potential implications of Vps1 and ESCRT interaction and their roles in the endosome‐to‐vacuole traffic. In summary, yeast dynamin interacts with ESCRT II and III complexes, and it functions in Cps1 trafficking toward the vacuole.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection and takotsubo syndrome: The chicken or the egg causality dilemma
Authors: Y‐Hassan Shams , Themudo Raquel , Maret Eva
Published: February 2017

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) including spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) has been reported to trigger its own clinical twin takotsubo syndrome (TS). The pathogenetic association between SCAD and TS remains to be elucidated. The two diseases afflict predominantly women and both conditions may be triggered by an emotional stress factor and an unusual extreme physical exercise. Herein, we describe a case of 54‐year‐old woman presenting with ACS caused by an obtuso‐marginal SCAD. Concurrently, the patient had typical clinical features and course of mid‐apical pattern of TS. The causal link between the two conditions is discussed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Real‐world use of idarucizumab for dabigatran reversal in three cases of serious bleeding
Authors: Gendron Nicolas , Feral‐Pierssens Anne Laure , Jurcisin Igor , de Raucourt Emmanuelle , Bouton Valerie , Fischer Anne Marie , Lorenceau‐Savale Camille , Lillo‐Le Louët Agnès , Smadja David M.
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical Message

Bleeding is a rare complication of direct oral anticoagulant potentially associated with high mortality rates. Biological monitoring is necessary for more than 24 h after idarucizumab antidote therapy in case of bleeding with dabigatran therapy.
Single‐Pot Conversion of Tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol into Tetrahydropyran over a Ni/HZSM‐5 Catalyst under Aqueous‐Phase Conditions
Authors: Soghrati Elmira , Choong Catherine , Poh Chee Kok , Kawi Sibudjing , Borgna Armando
Published: February 2017

Ni‐based catalysts were examined in the hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, resulting in the selective C−O bond cleavage to produce 1,5‐pentanediol, along with 1,2,5‐pentanetriol, which was detected for the first time under aqueous‐phase conditions. 70 % yield to tetrahydropyran was achieved using one‐pot conversion over bifunctional Ni/HZSM‐5 catalysts.
A Multifunctional Zirconium‐Based Metal–Organic Framework for the One‐Pot Tandem Photooxidative Passerini Three‐Component Reaction of Alcohols
Authors: Azarifar Davood , Ghorbani‐Vaghei Ramin , Daliran Saba , Oveisi Ali Reza
Published: February 2017

A porous multifunctional zirconium‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) was achieved by combined covalent and dative post synthetic modification (PSM) of the UiO‐66‐NH2, and characterized by a variety of techniques, including FTIR spectroscopy, powder XRD, N2 temperature‐programmed adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, and UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The MOF (Zr–MOF–FePC, PC=2‐pyridinecarboxaldehyde) is an active, efficient, and reusable catalyst for the one‐pot tandem photooxidative Passerini three‐component reaction of alcohols. This is a new type of tandem photocatalyst and cooperative catalyst and was obtained in the course of developing MOFs as versatile heterogeneous catalysts for diverse tandem oxidative multicomponent reactions. This work illustrates the potential of MOFs as multifunctional heterogeneous catalysts for sustainable chemistry.
Engineered Au Core@Prussian Blue Analogous Shell Nanoheterostructures: Their Magnetic and Optical Properties
Authors: Maurin‐Pasturel Guillaume , Long Jérôme , Palacios Maria A. , Guérin Christian , Charnay Clarence , Willinger Marc‐Georg , Trifonov Alexander A. , Larionova Joulia , Guari Yannick
Published: February 2017

We report a new approach for the synthesis of multifunctional Au core@Prussian Blue analogous (PBA) shell nanoheterostructures that involves PBA shell growth on the surface of cyanide‐stabilized gold nanoparticles. It permits the assembly of Au@KNiII[FeII(CN)6] core@shell and Au@KNiII[FeII(CN)6]@KNiII[CrIII(CN)6] core@shell@shell heterostructures with well‐defined and size‐controlled gold cores and PBA shells. These heterostructures exhibit tunable size‐ and shape‐dependent magnetic and optical properties: (i) the surface plasmon resonance band position and intensity mainly depend on the PBA shell thickness, and (ii) the magnetic properties (the transition temperature, the coercivity, and magnetic regime) depend in a complex manner on the thickness as well as the particular morphology of the magnetic shell.
Ecological speciation by temporal isolation in a population of the stonefly Leuctra hippopus (Plecoptera, Leuctridae)
Authors: Boumans Louis , Hogner Silje , Brittain John , Johnsen Arild
Published: February 2017

Stream dwelling invertebrates are ideal candidates for the study of ecological speciation as they are often adapted to particular environmental conditions within a stream and inhabit only certain reaches of a drainage basin, separated by unsuitable habitat. We studied an atypical population of the stonefly Leuctra hippopus at a site in central Norway, the Isterfoss rapids, in relation to three nearby and two remote conspecific populations. Adults of this population emerge about a month earlier than those of nearby populations, live on large boulders emerging from the rapids, and are short‐lived. This population also has distinct morphological features and was studied earlier during the period 1975–1990. We reassessed morphological distinctness with new measurements and added several analyses of genetic distinctness based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequence markers, as well as AFLP fingerprinting and SNPs mined from RAD sequences. The Isterfoss population is shown to be most closely related to its geographical neighbors, yet clearly morphologically and genetically distinct and homogeneous. We conclude that this population is in the process of sympatric speciation, with temporal isolation being the most important direct barrier to gene flow. The shift in reproductive season results from the particular temperature and water level regime in the Isterfoss rapids. The distinct adult body shape and loss of flight are hypothesized to be an adaptation to the unusual habitat. Ecological diversification on small spatial and temporal scales is one of the likely causes of the high diversity of aquatic insects.
Whole‐lake invasive crayfish removal and qualitative modeling reveal habitat‐specific food web topology
Authors: Hansen Gretchen J. A. , Tunney Tyler D. , Winslow Luke A. , Vander Zanden M. Jake
Published: February 2017

Patterning of the presence/absence of food web linkages (hereafter topology) is a fundamental characteristic of ecosystems that can influence species responses to perturbations. However, the insight from food web topology into dynamic effects of perturbations on species is potentially hindered because most described topologies represent data integrated across spatial and temporal scales. We conducted a 10‐year, whole‐lake experiment in which we removed invasive rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) from a 64‐ha north‐temperate lake and monitored responses of multiple trophic levels. We compared species responses observed in two sub‐habitats to the responses predicted from all topologies of an integrated, literature‐informed base food web model of 32 potential links. Out of 4.3 billion possible topologies, only 308,833 (0.0072%) predicted responses that qualitatively matched observed species responses in cobble habitat, and only 12,673 (0.0003%) matched observed responses in sand habitat. Furthermore, when constrained to predictions that both matched observed responses and were highly reliable (i.e., predictions were robust to link strength values), only 5040 (0.0001%) and 140 (0.000003%) topologies were identified for cobble and sand habitats, respectively. A small number of linkages were nearly always present in these valid, reliable networks in sand, while a greater variety of possible network configurations were possible in cobble. Direct links involving invasive rusty crayfish were more important in cobble, while indirect effects involving Lepomis spp. were more important in sand. Importantly, the importance of individual species linkages differed dramatically among cobble and sand sub‐habitats within a single lake, even though species composition was identical. Although the true topology of food webs is difficult to determine, constraining topologies to include spatial resolution that matches observed experimental outcomes may reduce possibilities to a small number of plausible alternatives.
Assessing the ecological coherence of a marine protected area network in the Celtic Seas
Authors: Foster Nicola L. , Rees Siân , Langmead Olivia , Griffiths Charly , Oates Jenny , Attrill Martin J.
Published: February 2017

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a management tool used to respond to human‐derived threats in marine ecosystems. Historically, MPAs have been established on an individual ad hoc basis, rather than through a systematic, planned process. However, high levels of functional and spatial connectivity within marine ecosystems have led to the suggestion that networks of MPAs provide greater ecological benefits than individual MPAs. Consequently, international policy has developed to consider broader spatial requirements for marine conservation, resulting in a number of international and regional agreements that require the establishment of ecologically coherent MPA networks. Existing MPAs are now being considered, retrospectively, alongside new designations, as networks of MPAs across regions, both nationally and internationally. Under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), France, the Republic of Ireland, and the UK (including Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man) are required to work together to ensure coordinated development of marine strategies for the Celtic Seas subregion. Accordingly, MPAs have been identified as crucial components of the programme of measures to achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) under the MSFD. Here, we provide the first ecological coherence assessment of an MPA network spanning an MSFD subregion. A network of 533 MPAs, or parts thereof, across the Celtic Seas subregion was assessed using five criteria and two methodologies, with a focus on broadscale habitats. While the Celtic Seas MPA network as a whole is not ecologically coherent (according to accepted thresholds), progress toward a number of global targets has been achieved, for example, protection of 10% of marine and coastal areas under the Convention on Biological Diversity. Further, all MSFD predominant habitat types assessed are adequately represented and replicated within the network. However, a number of gaps were identified, including a lack of MPAs in offshore and deeper areas, and inadequate proportions of predominant habitat types within MPAs. Addressing these gaps to enable the MPA network to fulfill its critical role in the delivery of GES under the MSFD will require both national progress toward designation of adequate and viable MPAs and transboundary agreements and coordination of MPA designation processes at the European level.
Nonconventional trans‐Platinum Complexes Functionalized with RDG Peptides: Chemical and Cytototoxicity Studies
Authors: Medrano Maria Angeles , Morais Maurício , Ferreira Vera F. C. , Correia João D. G. , Paulo António , Santos Isabel , Navarro‐Ranninger Carmen , Valdes Amparo Alvarez , Casini Angela , Mendes Filipa , Quiroga Adoración G.
Published: February 2017

In order for platinum complexes to target cancer cells, trans‐PtII or trans‐PtIV complexes were bioconjugated to the cyclic peptide cRGDfK (cRGD), which has an affinity for αvβ3‐integrin receptors, through its 4‐picolinic acid spectator ligands. To tackle this goal, the PtII and PtIV precursors were activated at their carboxylic acid functional group, and futher treated with the cRGDfK peptide, to afford the bioconjugates PtII–cRGD and PtIV–cRGD, respectively. PtII–cRGD was studied by 195Pt NMR spectroscopy, which confirmed the presence of the PtII center. In contrast, the characterization of PtIV–cRGD was not possible, due to the tendency of this complex to undergo reduction to PtII in solution. Thus, only the PtII–cRGD complex was used for further biological studies, and it exhibited some cytotoxic activity against the HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) cell line, which has the highest levels of αvβ3 expression. However, no improved effects were observed with respect to the PtII–pic precursor. Studies by ICP‐MS showed enhanced intracellular accumulation for PtII–cRGD, with respect to PtII–pic in cancer cells. Overall, these results show that, while PtII bioconjugation enhances the uptake of the compound, it did not translate into increased cytotoxicity.
Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Spiro‐δ‐lactams by an Organocascade Reaction
Authors: Zhang Kaiheng , Meazza Marta , Dočekal Vojtěch , Light Mark E. , Veselý Jan , Rios Ramon
Published: February 2017

An asymmetric synthesis of α‐spiro‐δ‐lactams by an organocascade reaction of easily accessible starting materials has been accomplished. The catalytic sequence begins with enantioselective Michael addition of a β‐ketoamide to an α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde, catalyzed by a secondary amine catalyst, and is followed by hemiaminal annulation. Optically enantiopure compounds with three stereogenic centres are obtained in good yields and excellent selectivities (up to >20:1 dr and up to >99 % ee).
Do depression and anxiety profiles over time predict persistent post‐surgical pain? A study in cardiac surgery patients
Authors: Pagé M. Gabrielle , Watt‐Watson J. , Choinière M.
Published: February 2017

Background

Rates of depression and anxiety in cardiac surgery patients are higher than in the general population. The development of persistent post‐surgical pain (PPSP) in this population is also concerning. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify anxiety and depression trajectories of cardiac surgery patients over a 2‐year period; (2) examine demographic and clinical characteristics associated with trajectory memberships and (3) determine if anxiety and/or depression trajectories predict PPSP.

Methods

A total of 1071 patients completed questionnaires before cardiac surgery and 7 days, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months thereafter. Models were run using growth mixture modelling.

Results

Both anxiety and depression models yielded a 3‐trajectory solution. A minority of patients (< 10%) had unremitted major depression, almost one‐third of patients had remitted minor depression and the remaining patients had no depression over the 2‐year period. < 10% of patients had unremitted elevated anxiety, almost 40% of patients had unremitted mild anxiety symptoms, whereas half of patients did not experience anxiety over the same time period. Patients with unremitted elevated anxiety were more likely to report PPSP; the association between depression and PPSP was not significant.

Conclusions

The results' novelty lies in the identification of a homogeneous patient subgroup presenting with unremitted elevated anxiety which predicted the presence of PPSP up to 2 years following cardiac surgery. Unlike anxiety, depression subgroups were not predictive of PPSP status.

Significance

This article presents the relationship between anxiety and depression profiles over 2 years in cardiac surgery patients and persistent post‐surgical pain. These results suggest the importance of evaluating how early identification and treatment of high‐risk patients could prevent PPSP. These results provide potential detection and prevention avenues of chronic pain for high‐risk patients based on their anxiety trajectory.
Voltammetric Determination of Valaciclovir Using a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Modified Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: El Gohary Nesrine Abdelrehim , Madbouly Adel , El Nashar Rasha Mohamed , Mizaikoff Boris
Published: February 2017

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was rationally synthesized with the aid of computer based studies. The computational studies were used to screen for the most suitable template to functional monomer molar ratio. Two functional monomers were involved in the study (methacrylic acid and 4‐vinylpyridine). Four MIP ratios were synthesized in accordance with the results of the computational studies and their performance was evaluated using equilibrium rebinding assays. The MIP with the best performance was used as an additive in carbon paste electrodes for the voltammetric determination of valaciclovir (VCV). Following the optimization of voltammetric parameters, a linear response was obtained in the range of 1.0x10−6–7.0x10−4M with a limit of detection at 4.45x10−7M. The MIP modified carbon paste electrode was successfully applied for the determination of VCV in pure solutions and dosage form.
Effects of the herbicide triclopyr on metamorphic northern red-legged frogs
Authors: Yahnke Amy E. , Grue Christian E. , Hayes Marc P. , Pearman-Gillman Schuyler
Published: February 2017

Aquatic herbicides are used to manage invasive emergent plants in and around wetlands. Metamorphic frogs that emerge during the aquatic weed management season may be at risk of herbicide exposure. Metamorphic northern red-legged frogs (Rana aurora) were exposed to a triclopyr tank mix labeled for control of broadleaf emergent aquatic weeds such as invasive purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria). The tank mix consisted of Renovate® 3 (triclopyr triethylamine salt 44.4%), the modified vegetable oil surfactant Competitor®, and the marker dye Hi-Light®. Metamorphs were exposed to the tank mix and a clean-water control for 96 h, and then reared in clean water for 60 d. Exposure to the tank mix resulted in no treatment-related mortalities, no effects on behavior immediately post exposure, and no effects on body or liver condition indices. Exposure to the tank mix resulted in lethargy during exposure and a 1-d delay in completion of metamorphosis. Deformities present in the rearing population confounded results for some endpoints. Observed effects were minimal, especially compared with the potential for ecological impacts from unmanaged invasive plants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2316–2326. © 2017 SETAC
Differential HPV16 variant distribution in squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Nicolás‐Párraga S. , Alemany L. , de Sanjosé S. , Bosch F.X. , Bravo I.G. ,   on behalf of the RIS HPV TT and HPV VVAP study groups
Published: February 2017

Human Papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) causes 70% of invasive cervical cancers (ICC) worldwide. Interaction between HPV16 genetic diversity, host genetics and target tissue largely determine the chances to trigger carcinogenesis. We have analyzed the differential prevalence of viral variants in 233 HPV16‐monoinfected squamous (SCC), glandular (ADC) and mixed (ADSC) ICCs from four continents, assessing the contribution of geographical origin and cancer histology. We have further quantified the contribution of viral variants and cancer histology to differences in age at tumor diagnosis. The model fitted to the data explained 97% of the total variance: the largest explanatory factors were differential abundance among HPV16 variants (78%) and their interaction with cancer histology (9.2%) and geography (10.1%). HPV16_A1‐3 variants were more prevalent in SCC while HPV16_D variants were increased in glandular ICCs. We confirm further a non‐random geographical structure of the viral variants distribution. ADCs were diagnosed at younger ages than SCCs, independently of the viral variant triggering carcinogenesis. HPV16 variants are differentially associated with histological ICCs types, and ADCs are systematically diagnosed in younger women. Our results have implications for the implementation of cervical cancer screening algorithms, to ensure proper early detection of elusive ADCs.
A Highly Efficient UV‐C Absorber Based on Theoretical and Experimental Studies
Authors: Chen Ya‐Lun , Shih Chien‐Yi , Lin Hung‐Sung , Huang Fu‐Yung
Published: February 2017

Based on two published UV absorbing molecules 2‐(5′‐tert‐butyl‐2′‐hydroxyl)benzotriazole (Tinuvin‐PS) and hydroxybenzophenone (HBP), both having characteristic absorption capability, a refined UV absorber, 2‐(3′‐benzoyl‐2′‐hydroxy‐5′‐tert‐butylphenyl)benzotriazole, has been synthesized. This new UV absorber exhibits a wider absorption range and better thermal stability compared to either Tinuvin‐PS and HBP and a higher absorption efficiency in the UV‐C range. Theoretical studies reveal that the UV‐C absorption arises from the electron density transfer from the Tinuvin‐PS moiety to the HBP moiety and the enhanced absorption efficiency is ascribed to the presence of the carbonyl's π system.
Psychotherapy Utilization and Retention in a National Sample of Veterans With PTSD
Authors: Doran Jennifer M. , Pietrzak Robert H. , Hoff Rani , Harpaz‐Rotem Ilan
Published: February 2017

Objective

This study examines the demographic, diagnostic, and military variables associated with psychotherapy utilization and retention in a national Veteran sample.

Method

A large administrative VA dataset (142,620 Veterans) was utilized. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of psychotherapy utilization and retention.

Results

Female gender was associat ed with increased psychotherapy utilization and retention. Geriatric age was associated with less retention in individual psychotherapy. Being a racial minority was associated with decreased utilization, but increased retention in group therapy. The majority of comorbid diagnoses were associated with longer retention in treatment. Depression was associated with decreased utilization but longer treatment duration. Dimensional symptom assessment demonstrated relationships with the dependent variables. Avoidance symptoms did not emerge as a barrier to treatment.

Conclusion

Differences in psychotherapy utilization and retention emerged across demographic, diagnostic and military variables, suggesting that these variables should inform outreach and treatment retention efforts for Veterans with PTSD.
Staphylococcal protein A promotes osteoclastogenesis through MAPK signaling during bone infection
Authors: Wang Yuan , Liu Xin , Dou Ce , Cao Zhen , Liu Chuan , Dong Shiwu , Fei Jun
Published: February 2017

Bone infection is a common and serious complication in the orthopedics field, which often leads to excessive bone destruction and non‐union. Osteoclast is the only type of cells which have the function of bone resorption. Its over activation is closely related to excessive bone loss. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major pathogen causing bone infection, which can produce a large number of strong pathogenic substances staphylococcal protein A (SPA). However, few studies were reported about the effects of SPA on osteoclastogenesis. In our study, we observed that S. aureus activated osteoclasts and promoted bone loss in bone infection specimens. Then, we investigated the effects of SPA on RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro, the results revealed that SPA promoted osteoclastic differentiation and fusion, and enhanced osteoclastic bone resorption. In addition, we also showed that SPA upregulated the expression of NFATc1 and c‐FOS through the activation of MAPK signaling to promote osteoclastogenesis. Our findings might help us better understand the pathogenic role of S. aureus in bone infection and develop new therapeutic strategies for infectious bone diseases.
Effect of pH control on the anaerobic H‐B‐E fermentation of syngas in bioreactors
Authors: Fernández‐Naveira Ánxela , Veiga María C , Kennes Christian
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND

Syngas and some waste gases are composed mainly of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen, which can be used by some acetogenic bacteria to produce ethanol, butanol or hexanol, and represents an attractive alternative to the conventional ABE (acetone–butanol–ethanol) fermentation. Experiments were carried out in bioreactors under different conditions (pH 5.75 and 4.75) with continuous supply of a mixture of CO/CO2/H2/N2 converted by Clostridium carboxidivorans into hexanol, butanol and ethanol (H‐B‐E fermentation).

RESULTS

Applying different pH control strategies will affect the syngas fermentation pattern, among others in terms of bioconversion rates as well as final concentrations of acids and alcohols. The highest concentrations of alcohols were obtained at pH 5.75, i.e. 2.7 g L−1 ethanol, 1.9 g L−1 butanol and 0.85 g L−1 hexanol, whereas the maximum production rates were observed at pH 4.75, reaching 0.048 g‐ethanol h−1 g−1‐biomass, 0.037 g‐butanol h−1 g−1‐biomass, and 0.026 g‐hexanol h−1 g−1‐biomass. However, a low pH negatively affects growth and acids production in the first metabolic step, with lower growth and acids production at pH 4.75 than 5.75. Growth rates reached 0.0057 h−1 and 0.072 h−1, respectively, at pH 4.75 and 5.75.

CONCLUSIONS

Maintaining initially a higher pH of 5.75 allows accumulating higher concentrations of acids than when natural acidification takes place. Such higher concentrations of acids allow the production of higher amounts of alcohols as end metabolites, showing the importance of pH on bioconversion and biomass growth. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Symptomatic pelvic accessory spleen in a female adolescent: Case report
Authors: Tendler Rene , Farah Rola Khamise , Kais Mohamad , Odeh Marwan , Bornstein Jacob
Published: February 2017

Accessory spleens are congenital foci of healthy splenic tissue that are separate from the main body of the spleen. They occur in 10–30% of individuals; a wandering accessory spleen located in the pelvis is uncommon. Most patients are asymptomatic. We describe the case of a female adolescent presenting with acute abdominal pain who had a pelvic accessory spleen that mimicked an adnexal mass. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:600–602, 2017
Transplantation with hypoxia‐preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells suppresses brain injury caused by cardiac arrest–induced global cerebral ischemia in rats
Authors: Wang Ji‐wen , Qiu Yu‐ru , Fu Yue , Liu Jun , He Zhi‐Jie , Huang Zi‐tong
Published: February 2017

Cardiac arrest–induced global cerebral ischemia is a main cause of neurological dysfunction in emergency medicine. Transplantation with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been used in stroke models to repair the ischemic brain injury, but it is little studied in models with global cerebral ischemia. In the present study, a hypoxia precondition was used to improve the efficacy of MSC transplantation, given the low survival and migration rates and limited differentiation capacities of MSCs. We found that hypoxia can increase the expansion and migration of MSCs by activating the PI3K/AKT and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α/CXC chemokine receptor‐4 pathways. By using a cardiac arrest–induced global cerebral ischemic model in rats, we found that transplantation of hypoxia‐preconditioned MSCs promoted the migration and integration of MSCs and decreased neuronal death and inflammation in the ischemic cortex. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bone robusticity in two distinct skeletal dysplasias diverges from established patterns
Authors: Citron Kate , Veneziale Cosmo , Marino Josephine , Carter Erin M. , Jepsen Karl J. , Raggio Cathleen
Published: February 2017

Achondroplasia (ACH) is a heritable disorder of endochondral bone formation characterized by disproportionate short stature. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable bone and connective tissue disorder characterized by bone fragility. To investigate bone morphology of these groups, we retrospectively reviewed 169 de‐identified bone age films from 20 individuals with ACH, 39 individuals with OI and 37 age‐ and sex‐matched controls (matched to historical measurements from the Bolton–Brush Collection). We calculated robustness (Tt.Ar/Le) and relative cortical area (Ct.Ar/Tt.Ar) from measurements of the second metacarpal, which reflect overall bone health. Relative cortical area (RCA) is a significant predictor of fracture risk and correlates with robustness at other sites. Individuals with OI had RCH values above and robustness values below that of the control population. Bisphosphonate treatment did not significantly impact either robustness or RCA. In contrast to that reported in the unaffected population, there was no sexual dimorphism found in OI robustness or relative cortical area. We suggest that the underlying collagen abnormalities in OI override sex‐specific effects. Individuals with ACH had robustness values above and RCA values below that of the control population. Sexual dimorphism was found in ACH robustness and RCH values. Clinical significance: Identifies morphologic trends in two distinct skeletal dysplasia populations (OI and ACH) to better understand development of bone robusticity and slenderness in humans. Understanding these patterns of bone morphology is important to predict how individuals will respond to treatment and to increase treatment effect. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2392–2396, 2017.
Rapid quantification of total protein with surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy using o‐phthalaldehyde
Authors: Eryilmaz Merve , Zengin Adem , Boyaci Ismail Hakki , Tamer Uğur
Published: February 2017

In this study, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based quantification method for the total protein using o‐phthalaldehyde is reported for the first time. For this purpose, o‐phthalaldehyde was chosen to form a complex with protein, and SERS signal was observed in the presence of gold nanoparticles. A calibration curve was obtained by plotting the intensity of the SERS signal at 727 cm−1 versus the concentration of protein standard (bovine serum albumin, BSA). Thus, the correlation was found to be linear within the range of 0.054–0.72 mg/ml of BSA, and the limit of detection was determined to be 0.08 mg/ml. All tests were carried out using a portable Raman instrument with an analysis time of 5 min. In addition, the ability of the developed method to quantify total protein in milk samples was investigated, and the obtained results were compared to the conventional ultraviolet methods. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Obtaining Raman spectra of minerals and carbonaceous matter using a portable sequentially shifted excitation Raman spectrometer – a few examples
Authors: Jehlička Jan , Culka Adam , Košek Filip
Published: February 2017

We present examples of application of a recently developed portable sequentially shifted excitation Raman spectrometer for identifying three series minerals and carbonaceous matter. Those include compounds of relevance for the fields of geobiology and exobiology: sulfates and carbonates, organic minerals, and carbonaceous matter. It is demonstrated that unambiguous obtaining of Raman spectra can be achieved fast and with the gain in eliminating potential fluorescence features. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In‐situRaman study of phengite compressed in water medium under simultaneously highP–Tparameters
Authors: Goryainov S. V. , Krylov A. S. , Polyansky O. P. , Vtyurin A. N.
Published: February 2017

Thein‐situmethod of Raman spectroscopy was used to study the layered mineral phengite, K(Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2, compressed in water under simultaneously high temperatures and pressures (respectively, up to 373 °С and 12.5 GPa). The implemented conditions were typical of modeling the ‘cold’ subduction zones in lithospheric slabs. The high pressures and temperatures were produced in an electrically heated diamond‐anvil cell. Measured Raman spectra have demonstrated a highР–Тstability of the mineral. No non‐quenchable phengite states (no reversible or irreversible polymorphic transitions, overhydration or notable amorphization) were observed in the investigated samples. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Titanium doping of BiFeO3 ceramics and identification of minor phases by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Bernardo M. S. , Calatayud D. G. , Jardiel T. , Makovec D. , Peiteado M. , Caballero A. C.
Published: February 2017

Titanium substitution can improve the multiferroic properties of bismuth ferrite materials, albeit the structural changes that this dopant produces in the perovskite structure of BiFeO3 are still not well understood. Due to its high sensitivity, Raman spectroscopy can be a useful tool for trailing the dopant incorporation. In this work, we study the Raman spectra of undoped and Ti4+‐doped BiFeO3 ceramics that also contain small amounts of secondary phases – as it is usual for materials of this system. The micro‐Raman study together with a rigorous derivative analysis of the experimental Raman spectra recorded at low temperature (73 K) enables, for the first time, the identification of the Raman bands associated with the BiFeO3 phase together with those belonging to the minor secondary phases. The comparison between the Raman spectra of the undoped and the Ti4+‐doped materials indicates that some of the titanium added to the composition interacts with the secondary phases while only a partial amount of this dopant actually incorporates into the BiFeO3 phase. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopy of various phosphate minerals and occurrence of tuite in the Elga IIE iron meteorite
Authors: Litasov Konstantin D. , Podgornykh Nikolay M.
Published: February 2017

The Raman spectra of phosphate minerals: apatite, merrillite, panethite, brianite, czochralskiite, maricite, new phosphate with composition of Na2Fe(Mg,Ca)(PO4)2 and high‐pressure phase tuite from the Elga IIE iron meteorite are characterized. Panethite, brianite, czochralskiite and new Na‐Fe phosphate were described for the first time. The basic features of all studied phosphates include strong ν1 symmetric stretching mode of PO43− ions at 950–990 cm−1, antisymmetric ν3 vibrations in the 1000–1175 cm−1 region and weak bands in the 400–500 cm−1 region, which correspond to ν2 bending mode and in the 550–640 cm−1 region, related to ν4 bending mode. Weak bands at less than 300 cm−1 represent lattice modes. Most of the studied phosphates have three non‐equivalent positions of phosphorus atoms in the crystal structures and can be derived from glaserite, K3Na(SO4)2, arrangement. Two or three of non‐equivalent [PO4] tetrahedra typically correspond to two or three strong bands in the region of ν1 vibrations. High‐pressure mineral tuite has similar composition and was formed after merrillite. P‐O vibrations in equivalent [PO4] tetrahedra produce major Raman band of tuite at 972 cm−1. The Elga parent‐body experienced a shock pressure of at least 12–15 GPa according to minimum pressures of tuite formation in the static high‐pressure experiments. This is the first finding of tuite in iron meteorites and the only second finding of high‐pressure mineral in them. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor delivery prior to endothelial precursor cell transplantation in orthotopic liver transplantation–induced hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Cao Ding , Wang Menghao , Gong Junhua , Wei Sidong , Gong Jianping , Li Jinzheng
Published: February 2017

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes angiogenesis in vivo. We hypothesized that exogenous delivery of VEGF prior to bone marrow–derived endothelial precursor cell (EPC) transplantation may improve orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT)–induced hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI). OLT between Sprague Dawley donor rats and inbred LEW Wistar recipient rats was performed in 6 experimental groups to comparatively assess the effects of the VEGF gene: an untreated normal control group, a surgical control group, a liposomal control group, a VEGF group receiving only the liposome‐encapsulated VEGF plasmid, an EPC group receiving only EPCs, and an EPC+VEGF group receiving the liposome‐encapsulated VEGF plasmid followed by EPCs. VEGF plasmid delivery to liver tissue, endogenous VEGF, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) expression, liver transaminase levels, hepatocellular injury levels, apoptosis, apoptotic biomarkers, hepatotrophic mitogens, angiogenesis, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity were assayed after OLT. Exogenous VEGF gene delivery prior to EPC transplantation significantly increased endogenous VEGF and VEGFR expression, significantly reduced liver transaminase levels, significantly reduced hepatocellular injury levels, significantly reduced hepatic apoptosis levels, and significantly reduced several apoptotic biomarkers (ie, B cell lymphoma 2–associated X protein/B cell lymphoma 2 ratio, caspase 3 activity, and heat shock protein 70 expression) in post‐OLT–induced HIRI. Moreover, VEGF gene delivery prior to EPC transplantation significantly increased hepatotrophic mitogen expression (ie, epidermal growth factor, heparin‐binding epidermal growth factor–like growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and transforming growth factor α), angiogenesis, and NOS activity in post‐OLT–induced HIRI. In conclusion, exogenous liposomal delivery of the VEGF gene prior to bone marrow–derived EPC transplantation may be an effective strategy in decreasing OLT‐induced HIRI. Liver Transplantation 23 804–812 2017 AASLD.