bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTIMIZATION OF PHYTOESTROGENS EXTRACTION FROM SOY GERM USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: Le Minh Chau
Published: December 2021

Phytoestrogens are phytochemicals with antioxidant activities and potential health benefits. Their contents in soy germ is the highest compared to that in parts of soy seed. Response surface methodology (RSM) using Box Behnken Design of four factors was employed to optimize the extraction conditions for phytoestrogens. The Box Behnken Design with five replicates at central point was applied. The four independent variables investigated in this experiment were extraction time (X1) 60-120 minutes, solvent/solid ratio (X2) 8-12, extraction pH (X3) 8-10, ethanol concentration (X4) 50-70%. The high coefficient values indicated that the variables were fitted to the regression for the total phytoestrogens (R2 = 0.9887). Optimum conditions for maximizing total crude phytoestrogen content were 90 minutes for the extraction time, 12/1 for the extraction ratio, 9 for the extraction pH, and 65%  for the ethanol concentration.
NGHIÊN CỨU ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA CHIỀU DÀI NÒNG ĐẾN MỘT SỐ ĐẶC TÍNH THUẬT PHÓNG TRONG CỦA SÚNG NGẮN CỠ 7,62 MM
Authors: Hưng
Published: December 2021

Bài báo tập trung xây dựng một mô hình toán học để nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của chiều dài nòng đến áp suất miệng nòng, sơ tốc đầu đạn, và thời gian đạn chuyển động trong lòng nòng. Mô hình được áp dụng để tính toán cho súng ngắn 7,62 mm K54 với các 03 chiều dài nòng khác nhau là 116 mm (súng ngắn 7,62 mm K54 nguyên bản), 120 mm và 127 mm (súng ngắn 7,62 mm K14VN). Sai lệch lớn nhất giữa kết quả tính toán của mô hình xây dựng và kết quả giải hệ phương trình vi phân thuật phóng trong lớn nhất là 1,69% (đối với áp suất tại miệng nòng) và 0,25% (đối với sơ tốc); đồng thời giá trị sơ tốc của súng ngắn 7,62 mm K54-VN và 7,62 mm K14VN được so sánh với kết quả thực nghiệm. Các kết quả so sánh đã chứng minh độ tin cậy của mô hình.
XÂY DỰNG QUY TRÌNH HIỆU CHUẨN CHO CÁC THIẾT BỊ ĐO LƯU LƯỢNG KHÍ
Authors: Dũng
Published: December 2021

Theo quy định hiện hành, độ chính xác của thiết bị đo lưu lượng trong môi trường khí (thông số SO2, NO2, CO) phải được kiểm soát chặt chẽ. Do vậy, Viện Nhiệt đới môi trường đã nghiên cứu độ chính xác của thiết bị đo lưu lượng khí ở phạm vi đo (20 ÷ 6.000 mL/phút).
MÔ HÌNH HÓA CÁC BỘ NGUỒN XUNG FLYBACK TRONG PSPICE TRÊN CƠ SỞ MẠNG BỐN CỰC HAI CỬA CÁCH LY
Authors: Thảo
Published: December 2021

Bài báo trình bày một phương pháp mô hình hóa các bộ nguồn xung Flyback dưới dạng mạch điện tuyến tính hóa tương đương, trong đó khâu xung được tuyến tính hóa bằng mạng bốn cực hai cửa cách ly. Dựa trên mô hình đã xây dựng, đặc tính động học cơ bản của đối tượng được khảo sát trong PSPICE, tạo cơ sở để tổng hợp bộ điều khiển cho bộ nguồn.
ĐIỆN HÓA: TỪ LÝ THUYẾT ĐẾN CÔNG NGHỆ VÀ ỨNG DỤNG (P.1)
Authors: Hùng
Published: December 2021

Điện hóa học là lĩnh vực khoa học công nghệ giao thoa giữa hóa học và điện nên có nhiều ứng dụng trong khoa học và đời sống. Phản ứng oxihóa – khử trên điện cực trong môi trường điện ly là đặc thù của điện hóa. Lý thuyết về dung dịch điện ly làm rõ quy luật dẫn điện dạng ion, còn nhiệt động học làm rõ cấu trúc lớp điện tích kép trên giới hạn pha giữa điện cực rắn và dung dịch điện ly pha lỏng cũng như vai trò nhiệt động của các loại thế, đặc biệt thế điện cực trong khi động học phản ứng được xác định bằng mật độ dòng điện được kiểm soát qua quy luật với quá thế và phân cực. Các quy luật của phản ứng điện hóa được ứng dụng để phát triển kỹ thuật phân tích định tính, định lượng vật liệu cũng như đặc tính của phản ứng điện hóa. Phản ứng điện hóa cũng đã là tiền đề hình thành lĩnh vực linh kiện điện hóa trên cơ sở quy luật của ion và phạm vi điều khiển các quá trình bằng sensơ điện hóa. Lợi thế sử dụng điện năng để chuyển thành hóa năng đã được khai thác trong các công nghệ chế tạo vật liệu tất cả kim loại màu, các hóa chất vô cơ, hữu cơ và dược liệu. Các phương pháp gia công vật liệu kim loại cũng như bảo vệ, bổ sung các chức năng cho bề mặt kim loại cũng như chống ăn mòn kim loại bằng công nghệ điện hóa cũng tạo nên hiệu quả đặc biệt. Nguồn điện điện hóa để sản xuất và chứa năng lượng điện cũng có tầm quan trọng và giá trị lớn làm cơ sở cho sự phát triển hiện đại và thông minh hóa mọi lĩnh vực của xã hội. Điện hóa học cũng góp phần tiếp cận nhanh và hiệu quả các lĩnh vực thời sự như kiểm soát và xử lý hiệu quả môi trường, chẩn đoán và điều trị trong y sinh cũng như chế tạo và khai thác vật liệu nano và công nghệ.
GIẢI PHÁP GIẢM TƯƠNG QUAN GIỮA TÍN HIỆU RÒ VỚI TÍN HIỆU HIỆU CHUẨN TRONG HIỆU CHUẨN NỘI BỘ HỆ THỐNG ĂNG TEN MẢNG PHA SỐ
Authors: Hùng
Published: December 2021

Phương pháp hiệu chuẩn nội bộ thời gian thực cho hệ thống ăng ten mảng pha số đang được nghiên cứu và ứng dụng rộng rãi. Nhưng phương pháp này còn tồn tại hiện tượng rò tín hiệu trong mô-đun gây ra sai số lớn trong hiệu chuẩn và là thách thức lớn khi hiệu chuẩn với yêu cầu độ chính xác cao. Bài báo đề xuất giải pháp tạo và phân phối tín hiệu hiệu chuẩn (THHC) cho các kênh trong hiệu chuẩn thu nhằm giảm tương quan giữa tín hiệu rò và THHC, tăng độ chính xác trong hiệu chuẩn. Bằng cách tạo ra tập THHC khác nhau và ghép hai mô-đun thành một cặp trong hiệu chuẩn thu, THHC từ mô-đun này sẽ được trích sang mô-đun còn lại. Giải pháp này khắc phục được yêu cầu cần cách ly cao giữa tín hiệu rò và THHC. Hiệu quả của đề xuất được minh chứng qua mô phỏng, kết quả cho thấy đề xuất có hiệu quả cao.
TỔNG HỢP VẬT LIỆU SIÊU HẤP THỤ NƯỚC TỪ SỢI RƠM: ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA CHẤT XÚC TÁC
Authors: Phương
Published: December 2021

Vật liệu siêu hấp thụ nước (Bio-SAP) từ xenlulo đã được tổng hợp bằng phương pháp trùng hợp ghép acrylamit lên xenlulozơ, sử dụng N,N’-methyl bisacrylamide (MBA) như chất tạo lưới. Trong nghiên cứu có sử dụng hai hệ chất xúc tác khác nhau là hệ kali pesunfat (KPS) và kali pesunfat /ascobic axit (KPS/AAs). Ảnh hưởng của loại và hàm lượng chất xúc tác đến quá trình trùng hợp như hàm lượng gel, tính chất cơ lý, độ hấp thụ nước và tính chất nhiệt của sản phẩm đã được nghiên cứu. Khi so sánh hai hệ chất xúc tác KPS và KPS/AAs cho thấy hàm lượng phần gel, độ hấp thụ nước cực đại và độ bền cơ lý của mẫu sử dụng hệ chất xúc tác KPS/AAs là cao hơn so với hệ KPS. Hàm lượng chất xúc tác KPS/AAs tối ưu là 1.25% khối lượng so với monome. Vật liệu Bio-SAP thu được có các đặc trưng tính chất: hàm lượng gel 98.1%, độ hấp thụ nước trong môi trường nước cất 320.8 g/g, nước muối sinh lý 63.5 g/g, độ bền kéo đứt 162.5 kPa và độ dãn dài khi đứt 31.8%.
INVESTIGATING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LARGE-VOLUME PVT SCINTILLATION DETECTORS IN THE RADIATION PORTAL MONITORS USING MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS
Authors: Cao Van Hiep
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the characteristics determination process of the large-size Polyvinyl Toluene (PVT) scintillation detectors using MCNP5 simulation code. The energy spectra using a 137Cs calibration source, absolute efficiency in the energy range of 50 ÷ 3000 keV, and the angular response of the EJ-200 50×50×5 cm3 and 25×25×5cm3 are investigated. The simulated energy spectra are in good agreement with the experimental spectra. The results of determining the absolute efficiency show that the EJ-200 50×50×5 cm3 and 25×25×5cm3 plastic detectors have detection efficiencies of 16,3% and 9,2%, respectively, at 10cm source-to-detector distance, and down to 0,6% and 0,17% at 100 cm source-to-detector distance. The angular responses of the detectors show that the detection efficiency value reached ≥ 90% of the maximum value with the incident angle less than 5π/6. The results can be applied in the process of design optimization of plastic-based radiation portal monitors.
COVİD-19 Pandemisinde Radyolojik Değerlendirme
Authors: BATUR Ali , ARDALI DÜZGÜN Selin , ERBİL Bülent , AKPINAR Erhan
Published: December 2021

COVİD-19 pandemisinin başlangıcından bu yana sağlık hizmetlerine erişimin zorlaşması, kaynakların etkin kullanımı için yapılan planlamalar, sağlık kurumlarına başvurularında sayısındaki ciddi artış, yüksek bulaşıcılık oranları, dekontaminasyon maliyet ve süreleri gibi değişkenler sebebiyle görüntüleme yöntemlerinin kullanımı açısından farklılıklar ortaya çıkmıştır. Özellikle COVİD-19 pandemisinin başlangıcında Amerikan Radyoloji Derneği (ACR) yayınladığı bildiri ile özellikle bilgisayarlı tomofrafi (BT) uygulaması sonrası dekontaminasyon sürecinin radyolojik hizmetlerin sunumunda aksamalar oluşturacağını, çapraz enfeksiyon riskini ve bulaş olasılığını artıracağını beyan etmiştir. Bu sebeple pandeminin ilk aylarında ACR COVİD-19 hastalarının taşınabilir cihazlarla çekilen direkt göğüs grafileri ile değerlendirilmesini önermiştir. Ancak ilerleyen zamanda toraks BT’nin tanı koymadaki duyarlılığının yüksekliği sebebiyle Covid-19 hastalarının yönetiminde BT yaygın olarak kullanılmaya başlanmıştır.

COVİD-19 pnömonisinin tipik bulguları, ağırlıklı olarak bazal ve posterior kesimlerde, subplevral yerleşimli buzlu cam dansiteleri, buzlu cam dansitelerine süperpoze olan intra/interlobüler septal kalınlaşmaların yol açtığı “arnavut kaldırımı” bulgusu ve konsolidasyonlardır. Buna ek olarak hava bronkogramları ve vasküler genişleme bulguları da eşlik edebilir. Bu bulgular direkt grafi, ultrasonografi ve bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) aracılığıyla değerlendirilebilir.

Sonuç olarak hizmet sunum şartları, hasta sayıları, maliyet, teknik yeterlilik ve hasta yönetim planları gibi değişkenler sebebiyle COVİD-19 pnömoni yönetiminde kullanılan görüntüleme yöntemleri farklılıklar göstermiştir. Mevcut durumda halen COVİD-19 vakaları için kesin tanıya ulaştıran görüntüleme yöntemi yoktur. Mevcut görüntüleme yöntemleri sağlık hizmeti sunulan kurumun ve hizmet verilen hastaların özelliklerine göre değişkenlik gösterecektir. Bu değişkenlere uygun görüntüleme yöntemlerinin tercih edilmesi uygun olacaktır.
Karbonmonoksit Zehirlenmesinde Hiperbarik Oksijen Tedavisinin Acil Servis İşleyişindeki Yeri
Authors: ERAYBAR Suna , YÜKSEL Melih , ATMACA Serhat , AYGÜN Hüseyin , ENGİNDENİZ Zülfi , KAYA Halil , BAĞLI Bekir Selim
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı acil servise başvuran akut karbon monoksit (CO) zehirlenmesinde yüksek karboksihemoglobin (CoHb) düzeyleri ile hiperbarik oksijen (HBO) tedavisi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: CO zehirlenmesi nedeniyle değerlendirilen ve COHb düzeyi >20 olan hastalar retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastaların aldıkları normobarik oksijen (NBO) ya da HBO tedavi sonrası COHb düzeyleri doğrultusunda hastaların acilde kalış süresi, HBO tedavisi alım endikasyonları, mevcut klinik bulgular değerlendirildi. Bulgular: CO kaynağı, 66 olguda (%60) kömür sobası iken maruziyetlerin %99,1’i ev ortamında gerçekleşti. %20,9 (n:23) hastada HBO tedavisi uygulandı. HBO tedavi uygulanma endikasyoları 10 (%9,1 ) hastada senkop, 7 sinde (%6,4) şuur bulanıklığı ve 2 sinde (%1,8) kardiyak toksisiteydi. Hastaların geliş CoHb değerleri ile acil serviste kalış süreleri arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir korelasyon saptandı (p=0,000). Sonuç: CO zehirlenmesi sık rastlanan bir acildir. Acil serviste rezervuarlı maske ile oksijen tedavisi temel tedavidir ve hastaların büyük bir kısmında yeterli tedaviyi sağlamaktadır. HBO tedavisi her merkezde ulaşılır olmamakta ve doğru endikasyonlar konması açısından acil servilerde sıkıntı yaşanmaktadır. COHb düzeyinden bağımsız olarak hastanın HBO endikasyonu açısından klinik olarak değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.
The Effect of Oral Care and Chlorhexidine on the Rate of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP)
Authors: Zakri Mohammed Fathudeen , Shammakhi Salah Hussain , Ajlan Ghadeer Hassan , Sabei Majed Yahia , Zurbotan Mohammed Abdulrahman
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is considered major pneumonia, which develops in the intensive care unit patients following mechanical ventilation for about two days. This study reviews oral care and chlorhexidine effect on ventilator associated pneumonia occurrence.

METHODS: A critical review approach was adopted where publications from 2007 to 2017 were considered. These publications were gathered from electronic searches through the different databases, for instance, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library. This protocol was used for the selection of the studies and their analysis.

RESULTS: The review showed that 0.12% Chlorhexidine use assists in reducing bacterial growth. It also suggests that the use of affirmative outcomes for mechanically ventilated patients, including improved patient outcomes, decreased in the duration of the patients’ hospital stays, and reduced health care cost.
Explosion: Belarusian Batka known as "European Kim Jong Un"
Authors: Dashdorj Bayarkhuu
Published: December 2021

Хураангуй: «Дорнод түншлэл» гэх Европын Холбооны санаачилгад Азербайжан, Армен, Белорусс, Гүрж, Молдова, Украиныг татан оролцуулдаг. Беларусь нь 2020 оны «бослого»-д нэрвэгдчихээсээ өмнө энэхүү түншлэлд сэтгэл тэнэгэр явсан. Эдүгээ Армен, Белоруссаас бусад дөрөв нь Оросоосоо бүрэн салж цаашаа харсан, харж байгаа бол, дэглэмээ алдахаас айсан Белорусс нь Орос руугаа 180 градус эргэчихсэн байдалтай. Украины Гадаад хэргийн сайд Дмитрий Кулеба Белорусст хандан «Русский мир»-ийг (Оросын ертөнц) сөрөн зогсох альтернатив–«Люблины гурвалжин» гэдэгт хөрш орнууд нь нэгдэж нийлье хэмээн уриалсан. Оросыг сөрөөд босоод ирэх, хэрэв тэгж гэмээнэ Беларусьт асар том боломж гараад ирж мэдэх «Дорнод түншлэл», «Люблины гурвалжин»-гаар одоо энэ улс дутахааргүй болжээ. Энэ ямар учир шалтгааны тайлал болохыг дараахи судалгааны өгүүлэлд хөндөн бичлээ. Тэсрэлт гэж гарчигласаны логик утга ч ойлгогдох биз ээ.
Birth and Developing of Mongolian Geoscientist journal
Authors: Takahashi Yuhei , Ichinnorov Niiden , Jargalan Sereenen , Batkhishig Bayaraa
Published: December 2021

Since the publication of the first issue of Mongolian Geoscientist, in October 1996, 25 years have passed and the journal has successfully evolved over a quarter of a century into a periodical publication well-known also outside the borders of Mongolia. Background and episodes of early publications were reviewed by Y.Takahashi, N.Ichinnorov, and S.Jargalan, who were members of the JICA-IGMR project. The present status of Mongolian Geoscientist is that of an internationally peer-reviewed, open-access journal, published by the School of Geology and Mining Engineering, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, with support from the Geological Society of Mongolia; managed by Editor-in-Chief B.Batkhishig, Consultant Editorial Board member O.Gerel, and Associate Editors B.Munkhtsengel, B.Altanzul, and Kh.Tseedulam.
The election campaign of political parties to the Legislative Seym in 1919
Authors: Sumara Tomasz
Published: December 2021

The article presents the topics in the election campaigns of the Polish political parties running for the Seym in 1919. It focuses on the course of the election campaign. For the political parties, the elections were not only a test of social trust, but a barometer of political sentiments in the society.
Afrykański pomór świń – epizootiologia,
ekonomia i zarządzanie kryzysowe
w kontekście naturalnego
bądź intencjonalnego wprowadzenia
Authors: Jarynowski Andrzej , Krzowski Łukasz , Belik Vitaly
Published: December 2021

Afrykański pomór świń (ASF) rozprzestrzenia się ze wschodu na zachód Polski od
2014, powodując ostrą chorobę u świń domowych oraz dzików. Pomimo iż nie powoduje
zakażenia u ludzi, jego wpływ na polską gospodarkę, zwłaszcza poprzez handel i rolnictwo,
jest znaczny. 10 września 2020 roku potwierdzono pojawienie się ASF w Niemczech, co
spowodowało ogromne zawirowania w europejskiej branży trzody chlewnej. Pojawienie
się przypadków w krótkim interwale czasowym w odległych o 60 km od siebie powiatach
Spree-Neiss oraz Maerkisch-Oderland tym bardziej wbudziło niepokój. Dodatkowo zastanawiać może brak związku epizootycznego między niemieckimi przypadkami a odległymi
o 30 km obszarami zapowietrzonymi w Polsce. W związku z powyższym naszym zadaniem
jest uzupełnienie analizy ryzyka oraz wpływu naturalnego bądź intencjonalnego rozprzestrzeniania ASF na bezpieczeństwo Polski oraz innych krajów.
Współpraca transgraniczna formacji granicznych na przykładzie Polski i Niemiec
Authors: Lubimow Joanna
Published: December 2021

Transgraniczna acquis Schengen, współpraca policyjna w Unii Europejskiej stanowi
egzemplifikacje krzyżowania się wymiaru wertykalnego i horyzontalnego integracji europejskiej. Reorientacja kształtu i charakteru współpracy służb wskazuje na praktyczny kontekst
wspólnych działań, których celem jest efektywniejsze zwalczanie przestępczości granicznej.
Natomiast instytucjonalizacja współpracy stanowi kompilację rozwiązań normatywnych,
politycznych oraz współzależności w powiązaniach między organami uczestniczącymi
we współpracy transgranicznej. Efektywność współpracy obejmuje gwarancję równowagi
„między formalnymi rozwiązaniami służącymi współpracy policyjnej a nieoficjalnymi formami zarządzania bezpieczeństwem wewnętrznym występującym na innych poziomach”.
Wojskowe zgrupowanie zadaniowe –
ważny element wsparcia
układu pozamilitarnego
w sytuacjach kryzysowy
Authors: Zakrzewski Waldemar
Published: December 2021

W artykule autor przedstawia rolę wojskowych zgrupowań zadaniowych w procesie
wsparcia układu pozamilitarnego w sytuacji wystąpienia niemilitarnych zagrożeń bezpieczeństwa
państwa. Różnorodność oraz gwałtowność występowania na terytorium Polski niemilitarnych
zagrożeń bezpieczeństwa wymusza konieczność przygotowania sił i środków wojskowych
do działań w zakresie zarządzania kryzysowego. Istotnym paradygmatem tych działań jest
ich efektywność przy wykorzystaniu minimalnych sił i środków posiadanego potencjału.
System reagowania kryzysowego na niemilitarne zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa państwa
powinien zapewnić kompatybilne działanie wielu elementów, w tym: wojska, służb, instytucji
rządowych i samorządowych państwa oraz organizacji pozarządowych zaangażowanych
w różne systemy ratownicze.
Wiktymizacja wtórna w postępowaniu przygotowawczym
Authors: Kaczorkiewicz Dorota
Published: December 2021

Pokrzywdzony może być poddany wiktymizacji poprzez prowadzenie z jego udziałem
postępowania karnego. W efekcie nowelizacji przepisów prawa karnego procesowego,
w tym ich dostosowywania do dyrektywy unijnej, coraz bardziej chronione są prawa
pokrzywdzonego, m.in. do prywatności czy informacji.
Acquaintance Management Algorithm Based on the Multi-Class Risk-Cost Analysis for Collaborative Intrusion Detection Network
Authors: Purwanto Yudha , Kuspriyanto Kuspriyanto , Hendrawan Hendrawan , Rahardjo Budi
Published: December 2021

The collaborative intrusion detection network (CIDN) framework provides collaboration capability among intrusion detection systems (IDS). Collaboration selection is done by an acquaintance management algorithm. A recent study developed an effective acquaintance management algorithm by the use of binary risk analysis and greedy-selection-sort based methods. However, most algorithms do not pay attention to the possibility of wrong responses in multi-botnet attacks. The greedy-based acquaintance management algorithm also leads to a poor acquaintance selection processing time when there is a high number of IDS candidates. The growing number of advanced distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks make acquaintance management potentially end up with an unreliable CIDN acquaintance list, resulting in low decision accuracy. This paper proposes an acquaintance management algorithm based on multi-class risk-cost analysis and merge-sort selection methods. The algorithm implements merge risk-ordered selection to reduce computation complexity. The simulation result showed the reliability of CIDN in reducing the acquaintance selection processing time decreased and increasing the decision accuracy.
Experimental Studies on Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Aluminum 7075 Composite Material
Authors: Chidananda Swamy Mahendra Kumar , Venkatagiriyappa Raghavendra Bommanahalli
Published: December 2021

In the present work multiwalled carbon nanotubes were  added as  reinforcement to aluminum 7075 matrix at 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.25% by weight proportion through stir casting technique. The mechanical properties of the produced composite were studied. The composite has considerably good tensile and wear resistance properties and hence finds its best suited application in aircraft frame and wings structures. Microstructure analysis through SEM showed a uniform distribution of the reinforcement material in the matrix. XRD graphs were taken at selected points during microscopic studies to determine the chemical composition of the matrix alloy, the reinforcement and the composite. The experimental results showed that 1.25% reinforcement in the composite material exhibited a tensile strength of 560 N/mm2 and a compression strength of  649.6 N/mm2 as the highest among the compositions. Thus,  the reinforcement addition at 1.25% improved the tensile and compression strength of the composite material.
The (Mis)appropriation of Biological Anthropology in Race Science and the Implications for Forensic Anthropology
Authors: Adams Donovan , Pilloud Marin
Published: December 2021

Most biological anthropologists acknowledge that phenotypic human variation is distinct from human race. However, there is the potential for the research on human variation to be (mis)interpreted by the public as a reification of biological races. To explore this possible misuse, this study is a content analysis of articles (n = 1146) in the prominent race science journals Mankind Quarterly; The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies; and The Occidental Quarterly. The goal is to investigate how race science employs research in biological and forensic anthropology to justify arguments. Articles were evaluated according to country affiliation, discipline, data sets, racial/ethnic terminology, position on racial hierarchy, position on racial segregation and eugenics, focus of study, views of scientific community, and the average power index (PI). Additionally, specific examples of (mis)appropriation are highlighted.
Though the primary discipline represented in these publications is psychology, biological anthropology maintains a presence. Skeletal and dental traits, genetics, and paleoanthropological data are used to argue for biological racial differences and taxonomic distinctions. The research of forensic ancestry estimation was regularly used to legitimize the concept of biological race. While the PIs of the articles are low, they are present on the internet and circulate within social media. The continued use of biological anthropology to reinforce racial essentialism should force practitioners to question the ethical implications of their research. Finally, we provide discussion regarding shiftsin methodology and terminology to address how biological and forensic anthropologists can rectify the damage this research may directly and indirectly cause.
Bodily Alienation, Natality and Transhumanism
Authors: Cruz Eduardo R. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2021

Transhumanism proposes human enhancement while regarding the human body as unfit for the future. This fulfills age-old aspirations for a perfect and durable body. We use “alienation” as a concept to analyze this mismatch between human aspirations and our current condition. For Hannah Arendt alienation may be accounted for in terms of earth- and world-alienation, as well as alienation from human nature, and especially from the given (“resentment of the given”). In transhumanism, the biological body is an impediment to human accomplishment. At most, this movement accepts “clean” bodies, not bodies with excretions. We argue that real human bodies are valued in the event of giving birth, so a modified concept that Arendt proposed, natality, seems a suitable way to explore the dialectic alienation-reconciliation involving the body (Arendt’s “A child has been born unto us”), when re-read by some feminist scholars.
A Virtue Theoretic Ethics of Intellectual Agency
Authors: Ryan Shane ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: December 2021

There is a well-established literature on the ethics of belief. Our beliefs, however, are just one aspect of our intellectual lives with which epistemology should be concerned. I make the case that epistemologists should be concerned with an ethics of intellectual agency rather than the narrower category of ethics of belief. Various species of normativity, epistemic, moral, and so on, that may be relevant to the ethics of belief are laid out. An account adapted from virtue ethics for an ethics that goes beyond the ethics of belief is defended. The main claim advanced here is that we should act as the virtuous agent would characteristically act in the circumstances. This claim is supported with reference to a number of examples, as well as considerations informing virtue ethics. An acknowledged feature of this account is that it provides limited guidance regarding right action in intellectual agency. While the account draws on virtue responsibilism to offer guidance, the case is made that it’s a mistake to think that an account in this area can provide a successful decision procedure.
Combining different MCDM methods with the Copeland method: An investigation on motorcycle selection
Authors: Ozdagoglu A§kin , Kele§ Murat , Altinata Anil , Uluta§ Alptekin
Published: December 2021

There are many different multi-criteria decision making methods in the literature. These methods, which enable criteria with different measurement units to be examined together, allow choosing between alternatives. However, different methods can produce different results depending on the data set. The aim of this study is to combine the results obtained by applying different methods to the data set with the Copeland method. To this end, a problem with real data was first addressed. Technical data of motorcycle alternatives that can be preferred for individual needs were collected in terms of different criteria. The weights of these criteria were found by the PIPRECIA method. Six different multi-criteria decision making methods were used to evaluate motorcycle alternatives. These methods are MOPA, MOOSRA, COPRAS, SAW, WPM and ROV. The sequencing results obtained from these methods were combined with the Copeland method and the results were discussed.
Credit rating agencies and their effects: An analysis on Balkan countries
Authors: Yildirim Nuh , Salim U.R.E. , Karakoy Cagatay
Published: December 2021

The financial structure in the world has become more complex with the increase in global capital movements. For this reason, credit rating agencies have emerged as an important component of the financial structure. Standard and Poors, Moody's and Fitch are the three most important companies in this market. The grades given by these institutions highly affect the economic situation of the countries. In this study, information is given about credit rating agencies and it is aimed to measure the effect of the points given to countries by Standard and Poors, Moody's and Fitch, which are the most important of these institutions, on the economy. For this purpose, the effect of credit scores on the economic growth of Balkan countries except Kosovo was analyzed using panel data analysis method. In addition, unemployment, inflation, current account balance and budget balance data were included in the analysis. The findings obtained show that credit scores have an effect on the economic growth of countries.
Effect of Environmental Optimism on Responsible Electricity Consumption with Price Concern as a Moderator
Authors: Herabadi Astrid Gisela , Kadarusman Yohanes Berenika , Yachinta Caryn
Published: December 2021

The study aimed to determine the effect of environmental optimism, as a cognitive–emotional factor, on the responsible use of electricity. Furthermore, it investigated the moderating effect of consumer concern on the price of electricity. An online survey was conducted on 345 young adults in Jakarta selected through the snowball sampling method. Data were analyzed using JASP version 15.0 and IBM SPSS Statistics version 23 reinforced with PROCESS macro. Simple linear regression analysis demonstrated that environmental optimism significantly explains the variance in electricity conservation behavior. The moderating effect of price concern was also substantiated by the result of the data analysis, thus the interaction between environmental optimism and dichotomous predictors of price concern (i.e. high vs low) was found to be statistically significant in moderating the effect of environmental optimism toward electricity conservation behavior. In conclusion, when consumers are initially dominated by price concern (a rational extrinsic motivator), then it reduces the effect of environmental optimism (an emotional intrinsic motivator) on responsible electricity consumption.
Preparation and properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced alumina composites by sol- spray method
Authors: Tan Song-Lin , Zhuang Yong-Qi , Yi Jian-Hong ,   Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650091, China
Published: December 2021

The spherical composite powders of multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced alumina are prepared by sol- spray. The results show that the multi-walled carbon nanotubes are well dispersed in the composites. The analyses of the composite properties show that most of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes are distributed in a network at the grain boundaries, and a small number of them are distributed in the grains. When the mass fraction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes accounts for 0.5%, the Vickers hardness of the composite increases by 32.6% relative to pure alumina; the thermal diffusion coefficient increased averagely by 27.2% with respect to pure alumina at different temperatures. The composites are conductive at 0.5% of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and the percolation threshold of the composites prepared by this method is 0.32wt.% based on the fitting of the percolation conductivity theory, indicating that the multi-walled carbon nanotubes are well dispersed in the alumina matrix.
Redox-modulation, Suppression of “Oncogenic” Superoxide and Induction of Apoptosis in Burkitt’s Lymphoma Cells Using Geum urbanum L. Extracts
Authors:   The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 26, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria, Mileva Milka , Dimitrova Lyudmila ,   The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 26, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria, Popova Milena , Bankova Vassya ,   Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Akad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria, Krastev Dimo ,   Medical University of Sofia, Medical Colleague “Jordanka Filaretova”, 3 Jordanka Filaretova Str., Sofia, Bulgaria, Najdenski Hristo ,   The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 26, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria, Zhelev Zhivko ,   Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Students Town, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria, Aoki Ichio ,   Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan, Bakalova-Zheleva Rumiana ,   Group of Quantum-state Controlled MRI, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (QST-NIRS), Chiba, Japan
Published: December 2021

Burkitt’s lymphoma is a highly aggressive type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, linked to the Epstein-Barr virus, which induces oxidative stress and DNA damage in the infected cells. We investigated the cytotoxicity and redox-modulating ability of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol (n-BuOH) extracts from Geum urbanum L. roots and aerial parts on Burkitt`s lymphoma cells (BLC), to elucidate their impact on oxidative stress and cell survival. BLC Raji was treated with EtOAc and n-BuOH extracts to analyze: cell viability; induction of apoptosis; hydroperoxides and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) by 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein assay; superoxide by dihydroethidium assay; total antioxidant capacity by TAC assay. All extracts suppressed cell growth and induce apoptosis. n-BuOH extracts possessed higher cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic activity compared to EtOAc. The fractions decreased the hydroperoxides and RNS levels. There was no correlation between the DCF fluorescence in the treated cells and their viability (R = -0.3722; p > 0.05). Root extracts decreased the superoxide level, while the leaf extracts did not. There was a good correlation between the dihydroethidium fluorescence in the treated cells and their viability (R = 0.9843; p < 0.01). All extracts increased the TAC of BLC. G. urbanum extracts serve as redox-modulators and anti-inflammatory compounds, decreasing the intracellular level of “oncogenic” superoxide and cell proliferation.
Ortnamnen i Arjeplog/Árjepluovve – en berättelse om landskapet och folket
Authors: Sjaggo Ann-Charlotte
Published: December 2021

This is a study of the place names in the district of Arjeplog/Árjepluovve in Swedish Lapland. The studied area goes from the deep woods around Ábrávrre/Ábrávvre in the east, over the big lakes in the central part of Arjeplog/Árjepluovve to the mountain area in the west. In this area, most of the place names are in Sámi, and reindeer-herding is common. Place names give us knowledge, they tell us about the local history, the local language, the character of the nature and about the local living circumstances. When analyzing place names, a picture of the landscape and their inhabitants becomes visible. This study shows that the culture-landscape of Arjeplog/Árjepluovve can be understood through the place names. The method used is the analysis of the place names on the map BD12, found at www.lantmateriet.se, in addition to the names received through interviews with local Sámi research participants and from older archives and literature. My purpose is to get an understanding of the knowledge behind the place names, highlight place names as a historical source, and of the Sámi people as the Indigenous people of this land.
This is a guide for trackers, researchers, local inhabitants and all other interested people!
Teaching Communicatively in a Classroom with Mobile-sourced Materials
Authors: Walsh Rupert
Published: December 2021

Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) is now common in extra-curricular language learning, but, more recently, teachers have increasingly sought ways to utilise MALL as a communicative classroom tool. Research into the extent that MALL can transform a whole communicative language course, and learners’ impressions of such courses, is scarce. This study, therefore, sought the opinions of five undergraduate learners on a short communicative English language course based on communicative principles, with materials entirely sourced from learner’s own devices. Learner reflections elicited in interviews suggested that MALL had aided the facilitation of an environment that was interactive, motivating, differentiated, authentic and autonomous, at times potentially more so than on a course using traditional material sources. The novel aspect of allowing freedom in choosing materials caused some complications, though none were considered insurmountable with minor adjustments to the course plan. In summary, student reactions implied that a communicative course could be taught exclusively through mobile-sourced materials, but further research is required to identify exactly how this would best be achieved. Nevertheless, findings here give reasons for practitioners to explore methods of classroom teaching inclusive of MALL that encourage self-directed learning, the creation of a platform for interaction, personalization, differentiation, a shared experience for learners and elements of game-play.
There Was a Young Woman Who Lived in a Shoe: Understanding the Juxtaposition of Love, Hate, And Patriarchal ConfinementIn Sylvia Plath’s poem “Daddy”
Authors: Connell Stacie M.
Published: December 2021

In the opening of Sylvia Plath’s poem “Daddy” one glimpses a troubled young woman struggling to break free from patriarchal confinement. In a stark play on imagery, she equates her tomb of darkness to a “black shoe” where she has submissively “lived like a foot//Barely daring to breathe or Achoo” for her entire life (Plath 2-3,5). Plath opens the poem with an oppressive tone of confinement. Her tone is that of a victim unable to break free from the powerful pressing of her father. The daughter is acknowledging her life-long imprisonment through the image of conformity and obedience. Her testimony, “You do not do, you do not do/Anymore.” is an awakening, an ethereal understanding, she is no longer satisfied with being under her father’s foot (Plath 1-2). She mocks her submissiveness and fear by “Barely daring to breathe.” or express her autonomy outside of the domineering treatment designated by her father (Plath 5). “Daddy” juxtaposes the extremely childish and infantile dependency on the image of father versus the inherent desire to break free from the entrapment of masculine dominance. As Maher Mahdi points out in the article “From a Victim of the Feminine Mystique,” Plath is using “aspects of objectification” to create a breakdown of the typical family dynamic between father and daughter (98). The struggle is real, vigorous, and traumatic to the daughter speaking blatantly throughout the lines of “Daddy.” The battle rages as father and daughter fight metaphorically within the confines of the speaker’s mind. Plath offers the war-torn country as a backdrop to ease the reader into a sense of disquiet and upheaval. There is something obscenely immature in her attachment to the deceased father. She loves and hates him, desires her independence yet craves the security of her dependency, and she longs for him and yet strives to exorcise his demon from within her own soul. This emotional upheaval allows the reader to assess the speaker’s mental anguish and analyze “Daddy” on a more complex level. This study will explore 1) The juxtaposition of victim versus villain in the familial relationship of father and daughter; 2) The daughter’s search for autonomy and her unhealthy Oedipus complex; 3) Establishing identity beyond infantile attachment, or as Maher Mahdi points out, breaking free from immaturity requires a certain amount of viciousness in order for the daughter’s true liberation (Mahdi 100); 4) The exposure of the Jekyll and Hyde persona, which is noted by Isabelle Travis as the “blurred line” between recognizing the issues and finding one’s own part in the familial downfall (Travis 279).
Chinese Ethnic Minorities and their Oral Poetry: A Perspective from Ethnopoetics
Authors: Qin Cai , Ta Seah Cheng
Published: December 2021

Ethnopoetics involves in the conducting of translation experiments on oral poems of native ethnic groups, converting its relevant oral texts into written forms. The theory of ethnographic poetry begins in the 1970s and was translated and introduced to China in the early 21st century. However, most ethnic minorities in China do not have textual writings. Their oral creations from primitive society to modern society such as epics, long poems, narrative poems, ballads, and folk songs are mostly in form of oral poetry. The collection and translation of oral poems of ethnic minorities in China began in the late 1950s, that demarcated the beginning of ethnopoetics in China. In this article, the reasons behind the collection and translation of Chinese ethnic minority oral poems will be analysed. The restoration process of ethnopoetics and the connections between the collections and the translations, and the issues on whether translation is consistent to Chinese ethnic minority oral poems will also be further elaborated. The history of Chinese ethnic minorities oral poetry traces back to a long history and consists of a variety of themes and contents. Therefore, the restoration process of ethnopoetic research on the relationship between oral culture and written culture not only have gained the attention from the Chinese academic community, but also shown strong interests by the Western academic research community and worldwide.
Zarys mechanizmów językowych w niemieckich kawałach
Authors: Biadala Dorota
Published: December 2021

Obiektem bliższej obserwacji w niniejszym artykule jest językowa analiza niemieckich kawałów (dowcipów) jako krótkich form humorystycznych, w szczególności analiza zawartych w nich „nieporozumień” językowych, które są strategicznym wyróżnikiem gatunkowym tych tekstów. Ich głównym zadaniem jest zażartowanie z kogoś i rozśmieszenie innych. Przeprowadzona analiza lingwistyczna „nieporozumień” językowych porusza różne aspekty komunikacyjne osadzone w perspektywie społecznej: zarówno pragmatykę komunikacji międzykulturowej, kreatywność w komunikacji wewnątrzkulturowej, jak i humor w kulturze i komunikacji. Materiał badawczy wykorzystany do niniejszej analizy tworzy korpus utworzony z ponad 400 niemieckich kawałów pochodzących z różnych źródeł, w większości zaczerpniętych ze zbiorów internetowych. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest zaprezentowanie różnych perspektyw badawczych i analiza językowych mechanizmów służących tworzeniu „nieporozumień” językowych na podstawie wprowadzonych 13-tu kategorii opisujących bliżej gatunek tekstu ‘kawał’ z uwzględnieniem niemieckiej specyfiki kulturowej.
LA TORTUOSA BÚSQUEDA DE LA VERDAD EN LOS CASOS DE ABUSOS SEXUALES DE MENORES COMETIDOS POR SACERDOTES EN ARGENTINA: EL JUICIO DEL P. GRASSI
Authors: Monzón José María
Published: December 2021

En las últimas décadas el abuso sexual de menores emergió en la Iglesia Católica como una tormenta imprevista, involucrando a obispos, sacerdotes y organizaciones religiosas. Las investigaciones mostraron un conjunto complejo de graves conductas ilegales y antiéticas que llevaron a crear un ambiente de desconfianza, angustia y dolor entre los laicos. En muchos países los tribunales civiles y eclesiásticos buscaron resolver el problema. En Argentina un caso atrajo la atención de la sociedad y los medios: el juicio contra el sacerdote Julio Grassi. La búsqueda de la verdad fue difícil porque los medios trataron de influir en el proceso decisorio judicial. Este hecho favoreció el debate de varias cuestiones constitucionales relevantes relacionadas con el derecho al debido proceso. Pero después de más de una década la Suprema Corte federal confirmó lo que el primer tribunal había dicho: Grassi es culpable. La batalla por un juicio justo había finalizado aunque muchas personas aún siguen creyendo que Grassi es inocente.
DUAS DIMENSÕES REGULATÓRIAS SOBRE A INFLUÊNCIA DE LÍDERES RELIGIOSOS NO PROCESSO ELEITORAL BRASILEIRO
Authors:   Escola Superior da Advocacia (Brasil), Oliveira Walber , Silva Menezes Rafael
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo se propõe a investigar a legitimidade democrática da influência de líderes religiosos evangélicos no processo eleitoral brasileiro, a fim de verificar se essa participação possui o condão de desequilibrar as disputas eleitorais e, em caso positivo, de que forma seria constitucionalmente adequado compatibilizar as exigências da democracia plena, com o exercício da liberdade religiosa. Para tanto, o artigo foi estruturado em três partes. A primeira aborda a denominada dimensão objetiva das restrições eleitorais que recai sobre as atividades religiosas. A segunda trata do abuso de poder nas eleições, a fim de ilustrar, a seguir, possibilidades de abuso de direito perpetradas por líderes religiosos. Na terceira parte, é abordada a dimensão subjetiva daquelas restrições, que visam estabelecer eleições normais, livres e justas. Ao fim, propõe-se que os atos de líderes religiosos, na seara eleitoral, sejam apurados a partir, também, da dimensão subjetiva de influência sobre os liderados religiosos, conjugando a Teoria do Abuso de Direito e Teoria dos Atos Jurídicos, estabelecidas no Código Civil brasileiro, com o abuso de poder previsto nas legislações eleitorais.
Socio-economic determinants of alcohol consumption for South Africa
Authors: Rashied Naiefa
Published: December 2021

Aims: To examine the socio-economic factors associated with alcohol consumption in South Africa.

Design: Cross-sectional study exploring the various socio-economic factors associated with alcohol consumption in South Africa.

Setting: South Africans older than 15 years across the country’s nine provinces.

Participants: Adult respondents of the alcohol intensity and frequency questions in Wave 4 of the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) (n=28 401).

Measures: Alcohol, demographic, emotional, health and neighbourhood variables.

Findings: White and Mixed Heritage (referred to as ‘Coloured’ in South Africa) adults were more likely to consume alcohol, while Indian and White adults were less likely to binge drink relative to African adults. Males at greater risk of depression, and those who resided in neighbourhoods where frequent alcohol and drug abuse was common, were more likely to binge drink. Females who exercised more than three times a week were also more likely to drink and binge drink. Adults who smoked were more likely to drink and binge drink relative to non-smoking adults. Accounting for binge drinkers’ household size, average monthly household spending for binge drinkers was low, which suggests that binge drinkers under-reported household alcohol spending. There was evidence of drinking and binge drinking among pregnant women.

Conclusions: Binge drinking trends related to race, gender, neighbourhood, pregnancy and household alcohol spending warrant further investigation and consideration for possible future alcohol interventions in South Africa.
Bundahishn
Authors: Thrope Samuel
Published: December 2021

The
Bundahishn
, meaning primal or primordial creation, is the most important Zoroastrian text on creation, cosmology, and eschatology. Written in the Zoroastrian dialect of Middle Persian during the early Islamic period, the
Bundahishn
includes and interprets traditions going back to the Avesta as well as Sasanian and post‐Sasanian materials. The book is composed in a three‐part structure that mirrors the Zoroastrian division of time into creation, the period of the mixture of good and evil in the created world, and the final eschatological battle. An essential scholarly source for the study of ancient Iranian religion, philosophy, myth, history, and language, the
Bundahishn
is especially important in defining the central characters and categories of Zoroastrian theology, including the good creator god Ohrmazd and the Evil Spirit Ahriman, spiritual (
mēnōg
) and material (
gētīg
) existence, and the human role in the cosmos. In its scientific chapters on astronomy, medicine, zoology, botany, and others, the
Bundahishn
displays its dialogue with the intellectual environment of the early Islamic era.
Zurvanism
Authors: Rezania Kianoosh
Published: December 2021

According to older scholarship, Zurvanism was a Zoroastrian heresy from the Sasanian period, with belief in the Zurwan myth, a cosmogony centered on eternity as its first principle.
Laozi
Authors: Zhou Boqun
Published: December 2021

Laozi is the putative author of theLaoziand founder of philosophical Daoism in ancient China, although both identities have been called into serious question by critical scholarship. Ancient manuscripts found in the past few decades show that the received, canonical text of theLaoziis most likely an anthology of wisdom sayings accrued and edited over time. While it is impossible at the current time to pinpoint a date of initial formation, one can be certain, thanks to the discovery of the Guodian manuscripts, that at least a third of the textual contents in the receivedLaoziwere in circulation around 300bce. The receivedLaoziunderstands cosmic processes as the alternation of dyads such as day and night, hot and cold, and good and bad. Embedded in the constant reversal of opposites, human activity must be guided by an ironic principle that prescribes the opposite of what common sense requires. In contrast to the male type of action that is assertive, ambitious, and combatant, theLaoziadvocates the female type (known aswuweiandziran) that remains tranquil and yielding but ironically possesses real strength. The female type of action is ethically and practically better because it is less violent but more effective. It becomes the highest guiding principle in human life and government.