bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Development of Russian-Chinese Expert Contacts on International Relations
Authors: Safranchuk I. A.
Published: June 2021

Abstract: This article is devoted to the contacts of Russian and Chinese experts on international relations and to the visit of MGIMO-University delegation to Beijing in June 2015. The article studies the major tracks of expert dialogue between Russian and Chinese experts on contemporary international affairs: the situation in the Near and Middle East, the developments in Eurasia, the major regional conflicts. The particular attention in the Russian-Chinese expert debates is devoted to the topic of Eurasia and the perspective for agreed implementation of Russia-sponsored Eurasian Economic Union and China-sponsored Economic belt of Silk Road. The article dwells upon the key issues in the Russian-Chinese dialogue on the Eurasian affairs. Additionally the article unveils the proposals by the US experts, concerning the development of Russian-Chinese dialogue on these matters. In 2015 the US experts developed new ideas on the regional issues in Eurasia, they offer to coordinate the Chinese project Economic belt of Silk Road and the US project of New Silk Road. In 2015 the historical topic gained momentum in the Russian-Chinese expert debates. Now Russia and China jointly oppose the attempts of some countries to revisit the results of World War II. However while Russia and China are both committed to the traditional interpretations of World war II and resist any revisionism of those results, still the Chinese experts argue in favor of greater appreciation of the role and contribution by China to the victory over fascism and militarism in World war II. The article also overviews interesting discussions between Russian and Chinese experts on the reform of global governance and the formation of the new world order.
Self-Sacrifice of a Scientist in Soviet-Russian Cinema
Authors: Medvedeva S. M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract: In the article we analyze the evolution of the idea of self-sacrifice of a scientist in Soviet-Russian cinema (from 1930th until now). The research is based on Weber-Merton’s assumption that the development of modern science stemmed from religion. And in this sense scientific work could be regarded as a kind of religious activity. As a result a number of traits (more typical for a priest) were attributed to a scientist. Such traits are the following: self-sacrifice (in the name of science), asceticism, deep devotion to ideals, etc. As it is shown in the article these pseudoreligious traits remain unchanged in the cinematographic images of scientists. In the article we ague, that the subject of self-sacrifice of a scientist was pictured by Soviet-Russian cinema during its whole history. This ability to self-sacrifice serves as a criterion to prove that a scientist is a true scientist. Nevertheless, it is possible to separate out three periods of picturing of self-sacrifice according to implicit sense of action: 1) period of Stalin’s cinema (1930th-1950th); 2) period of Thaw and Stagnation (1960th-1980th); 3) postsoviet cinema (until now). Each period has its unique tradition of presentation of self-sacrifice of a scientist. Finally we ague, that in the late soviet time appeared a trend to show the sacrifice in the name of science as a senseless and useless action. Scientists in the cinema either lost their ability to self-sacrifice or they sacrificed in vain. In post soviet cinema such tragic attitudes increased: now a scientist has to sacrifice himself on purpose to give up science. It means that science doesn’t worth sacrifice any more. This tendency reveal deep moral crisis among modern Russian intelligentsia.
ISIS and Crisis of Statehood in the Middle East
Authors: Zamuruev F. S.
Published: June 2021

Abu-Rumman Mohammad, Abu Hanieh Hassan. The 'Islamic State' Organization: the Sunni crisis and the struggle of global jihadism. Amman: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2015. - 272 p. = 4 MB, PDF-File. - Electronic ed.: Amman : FES, 2015. - Arabic script. ISBN 978-9957-484-50-7. http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/amman/11262.pdf (in Arabic), http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/amman/11458.pdf.
Public Diplomacy in EEU Region: Understanding the Phenomenon and its Development
Authors: Borishpolets K. P.
Published: June 2021

Abstract: Public diplomacy has gained solid positions in the international discourse. Its resources are aimed at increase of the attractiveness of the country for the international society. Interest to the public diplomacy grows in EEU countries and its problematics is being studied by specialists in Russia and by its partners in integration project. Practice of the public diplomacy in EEU region is a result of different activities of national organizations in Russia, Belorussia, Kazakhstan, Armenia and Kirgizia. Currently their activities is based on bilateral basis. In closer look of the goals and targets of work, in every country it has different particularities from the perspective of priority formats, scales of the projects and its participants. Public diplomacy as a distinguished direction of the international activity gained the most popularity in Russia and Kazakhstan. The most popular projects are Gorchakov Fund, Rossotrudnichestvo, contributions to the integration process. The joint priority are projects oriented at youth and educational development. Altogether, public diplomacy resources are bringing not only elites but also widen society strata together. Eurasian trend of the public diplomacy is only being establishing now. The experience shows that socialhumanitarian cooperation that is 1 target for public diplomacy is the most delicate type of cooperation. It is very sensitive to the changes and in political, economic context. Russia as the largest EEU participant is interested in enhancing of resources of the public diplomacy in Eurasian format. Such resources strengthen humanitarian cooperation, good-neighborly relations and security atmosphere in the nearest regions.
Comparison of the Influence of the Chinese Lobby and the Israeli Lobby in the United States
Authors: Grafov D. B.
Published: June 2021

The article is about how pro-Israel and pro-China interest groups try to lobby on the ground of Capitol, White House and executive branch. The study of the lobbying results is based on «General theory of action» T. Parsons. It is concluded that for lobbying interests the main point will be the representation of the interests in the political and public spaces and the creating of advocacy and lobbying infrastructure. The ability of the Israeli lobby to achieve the goal can be explained, firstly, by political inclusion in the decision-making process, and, secondly, by almost axiomatic representation Israel interests through the national interests of the United States. The Israeli lobby can be considered as the religious lobby. It can use the possibilities of Jewish religious organizations in grass root action. Also this gives the opportunity to avoid the requirements of the LDA. From the point of view of the theory of Talcott Parsons, the success of the Israeli lobby is the cause of the action of a large number of actors that may form in large groups. Another advantage of the Israeli lobby is the ability of its members to get relevant information about the current situation in different spheres of political life in the U.S. The objective of the present study was to reveal the ways in which China lobby succeeds. The influence of China lobby on decision-making process in the United States can be explained through strong economic ties between American corporations and the Chinese market. When lobbying China uses numerous Chinese Diaspora in many States, as well as trying to interest of the former high-ranking American officials, granting them special privileges for doing business in China. In comparison to the Israeli lobby, the Chinese lobby has weaknesses. Chinese interest groups are not included in the political system of the USA and this is the disadvantage of the Chinese way of lobbying. Unlike Israel lobby Chinese one is external. The interests of the chinese pressure groups do not coincide with American national interests. Their actors are not rooted in the American political system.
Public Diplomacy in Power Clash of Civilizations
Authors: Podberezkin A. I. , Zhukov A. V.
Published: June 2021

In the article, public diplomacy is seen as a set of actions committed by official and unofficial organs of the state, to achieve foreign policy goals through the dissemination of information (disinformation) or create the necessary impact on the ruling circles and the public in foreign countries. According to the authors, public diplomacy has become an integral part of network-centric hybrid war, in which the role of the information against the enemy becomes decisive. At the beginning of the XXI century media, including network, it has become the most important policy tools with which you can achieve the most important goals that were decided before the other (economic, military, financial) policy instruments. Such a sharp increase in the values of the media, as well as a qualitative change in their role in the policy of the XXI century is primarily the result of two processes, the further development of which will be an even greater extent to enhance the value and role of media in politics States - a sharp increase in the value of man, its capacity, firstly, and the technological revolution in the field of science, and second.
Development Internal Problems of Shanghay Cooperation Organization
Authors: Kolegova O. Y.
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the main internal problems of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Particular attention is paid to the conflict of interests of the participating countries, as well as identifying obstacles to strengthen the organization and increase its influence in the international arena. The international organizations are created by the states to meet mutual problems in the course of interstate relations requiring regular cooperation mechanism. Given the background of the Organization, it is important to emphasize that the main reason for the establishment of the Shanghai organization was the need for the united front against the strengthening of the region at the turn of centuries against dangerous trends of terrorism, extremism, separatism, the growth of organized crime. Despite the conflict of interests and the internal and external development challenges thirteen-year history of evolution of the SCO, to some extent proves its effectiveness, moreover, there are the preconditions for its consistent transition to a more comprehensive organization.
School History as a Method of Formation of Political Consciousness in Contemporary France
Authors: Litvak N. V.
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the attitude of the ruling elite in modern France to the school teaching of history, as the primary method of formation of political consciousness and outlook of the new generations. To achieve these purposes the complex of scientific and political methods is created. The programs are constantly changing, reflecting the general political struggle in French society, whose protagonists seek the arguments in support of their positions in history. In this context, the school programs are periodically in focus of urgent debates, and each their change is a compromise. The political approach is to form a state point of view of history, recorded in the programs required to study in schools. Those programs include a carefully selected set of topics, facts and personalities to be studied. In addition, the internal political struggle is coming not just about the form but the content too. In particular, for a number of years in the program a separate theme "Islam"is included, but not, for example, the theme "Christianity." However, supporters of the preservation of study of the Christian contribution to the history and the culture of France retain extensive relevant material included in a number of various subjects not directly devoted to Christianity. Informational approach to education is that the resources of the psyche and student's instructional time are very limited. The freedom of school teachers to refer to historical sources and even to interpret them within the broad framework is formally proclaimed. However, a program and a limited time to study it in conjunction with the responsibility of teachers for the results of their work, checked in exams, in fact does not leave them enough time to study an other point of view that goes beyond the official program.
The Origin of German-American Relations as a Partnership of Unequal Parties
Authors: Leonov E. S.
Published: June 2021

Abstract: Despite the high technological effectiveness of today’s German economy which serves as the «engine» of Europe and the core of the European integration processes, Germany, however, possesses a limited foreign policy leverage in the modern international relations. Gradual restriction of the sovereignty of Germany began during the post-war period due to the strengthening of the European track of U.S. foreign policy. For instance, at this stage Washington takes the responsibility on restoration of the German economic welfare, filling of legal vacuum in West Germany and also initiates cultural and ideological expansion. In the latter case it was an important role played by the American course on the formation of the renewed German nation by means of work with the German youth and the control over the sphere of education. In fact, at the end of the war US authorities started in West Germany experimental project from scratch, since there were no state institutions in postwar Germany in principle. At the same time, German foreign policy takes shape in the 1950s in the spirit of «Atlantic solidarity» as a result of falling into the trap of Euro-Atlantic partnership. Hopes of attainment of foreign policy independence as a result of German reunification did not come true - the United States haven’t yet set Germany free from the sphere of its geopolitical influence. American military forces with nuclear component continue to be based within the territory of Germany. In addition, in the 1990s. Germany finds itself in even deeper trade, investment and financial bondage. The article analyzes the origin of German full-scale dependence on U.S. foreign policy.
“Italy System” as a Case of Innovative Economic Diplomacy
Authors: Raynkhardt R. O.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the description and analysis of functioning of the Italian national system of economic diplomacy.The author provides an insight into the historical and economic background and conditions of its development from the earliest stages to present time focusing on the latest events (from 2010 onwards).He casts light upon the procedures and mechanisms of interaction between the key national economic-diplomatic agents i.e. ministry of foreign affairs, ministry of economic development, export-promotion agency ITA, investment-attraction agency Invitalia, other authorized bodies (in particular, the Coordination Council on the Internationalization of the Italian Economy - CRII), public and private institutes. The article outlines the main principles of the new system of foreign economic policy "Sistema Paese" which is being implemented since 2011. This concept is based upon efficient cooperation ("team play") between the chief institutes of economic diplomacy with a system approach to elaboration and realizing measures aimed at the internationalization of the Italian business. Innovative elements of "Sistema Paese" do not just imply another reorganization of the MFA, but a completely new approach to issues concerning the position of Italy on the world arena. The author looks into concrete mechanisms of economic diplomacy which basically include measures of national export promotion and assistance to Italian companies in the course of new markets penetration, as well as measures on attraction of foreign direct investment inter alia from developing countries. He mentions that subnational regions of Italy, especially Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Veneto and Sicily, tend to be more and more involved into processes of FDI attraction. Another important trend and particular feature of Italy's modern economic diplomacy is the practice of decentralization of financial management within the MFA system through providing the heads of diplomatic representations with specific competences in this area. Finally, a special emphasis is put on the tight link between instruments of "soft power" and economic diplomacy and their institutional usage, which has deep historical roots.
The Creation of Myth: Starting the First "Great Debate" in International Relations Theory
Authors: Alekseeva T. A.
Published: June 2021

From one textbook to another wanders the story about three (sometimes - four) Great debates, which formed the canonical history of the theory of international relations. In reality everything was much more complicated, and the theoretical richness much wider than many times repeated antinomic pairs - realism vs. idealism, traditionalism vs. modernism, rationalism vs. reflectivism The author regards the discussions between different trends of the political thought in the interwar period, which were later called the First "Great Debates", which, according to the author's view were pre-paradigmal.
NAMA JULUKAN ORANG DI DERMO MULYOAGUNG KECAMATAN DAU KABUPATEN MALANG (KAJIAN SEMANTIK)
Authors: Sari Suci Puspita
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAK: Kajian semantik adalah kajian yang berperan menyelidiki makna dan arti dalam suatu bahasa pada umumnya. Penamaan adalah proses pelabelan terhadap suatu benda, orang, atau peristiwa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk nama julukan orang dan (2) mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi nama julukan orang di Dermo Mulyoagung, Kecamatan Dau, Kabupaten Malang. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan jenis kualitatif. Data penelitian berupa aspek semantik meliputi bentuk, makna leksikal, serta faktor yang melatarbelakangi pembentukan nama julukan orang di Dermo Mulyoagung, Kecamatan Dau, Kabupaten Malang. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah informan di Dermo Mulyoagung, Kecamatan Dau, Kabupaten Malang. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu simak dan catat. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa (1) bentuk-bentuk nama julukan orang didasarkan pada jumlah kata, kelas kata, serta sumber bahasa dan (2) faktor yang melatarbelakangi nama julukan orang di Dermo Mulyoagung, Kecamatan Dau, Kabupaten Malang terdiri atas pemendekan, peniruan bunyi, dan sifat khas.Kata Kunci: Nama julukan; penamaan; semantik NICKNAMES OF PEOPLE IN DERMO MULYOAGUNG DAU DISTRICT MALANG REGENCY (STUDY OF SEMANTIC) ABSTRACT: Semantic is a study that has the role of investigating the meaning and meaning in a language in general. Naming is the process of labeling an object, person or event. This study aims to (1) describe the forms of people's nicknames and (2) describe the factors behind people's nicknames in Dermo Mulyoagung, Dau District, Malang Regency. This type of research is a qualitative type. The research data is in the form of semantic aspects including form, lexical meaning, and the factors behind the formation of people's nicknames in Dermo Mulyoagung, Dau District, Malang Regency. Sources of data in this study were informants at Dermo Mulyoagung, Dau District, Malang Regency. Data collection techniques in this study were listening and taking notes. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive analysis. The results of the study show that (1) the forms of people's nicknames are based on the number of words, word classes, and language sources and (2) factors behind people's nicknames in Dermo Mulyoagung, Dau District, Malang Regency consisting of shortening, sound imitation, and distinctive characteristics.Keywords: Naming; nicknames; semantics
KEMAMPUAN BERBAHASA DALAM PRAKTIK BERBICARA PADA PENGIDAP SKIZOFRENIA
Authors: Al-Mubarrok Muhammad Ramdlan , Machdalena Susi , Fachrullah Tb. Ace
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAK: Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui kemampuan berbahasa yaitu kemampuan reseptif dalam hal menyimak dan mengutarakan jawaban serta kemampuan produktif dalam berbicara. Metode dan teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah teknik simak libat cakap dan catat, serta menggunakan menggunakan teknik cakap pancing yang merupakan suatu teknik yang diwujudkan dengan cara pemancingan karena untuk mendapatkan data tersebut peneliti harus memancing informan agar mau berbicara. Selain itu juga, penulis menggunakan metode padan organ wicara-fonetis artikulatoris yang menjadi alat ucap, penelitian yang menganilisis pada organ bicara manusia yang mengkaji terkait ujaran-ujaran fonetis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa gangguan berbahasa yang ditemukan pada pasien skizofrenia antara lain ialah: (1) penghilangan fonem awal, tengah, maupun akhir, (2) penambahan dan pengurangan fonem-fonem tertentu, (3) pengulangan fonem-fonem khususnya pada fonem tengah, (4) kesalahan peggunaan kategori preposisi dan konjungsi, serta (5) ketidaktepatan kosakata dengan ujaran informan karena faktor pengaruh bahasa Ibu atau bahasa asing yang dikuasai oleh informan.KATA KUNCI:  skizofrenia; fonologi ; reseptif ; produktif LANGUAGE ABILITY IN SPEAKING PRACTICES OF SKIZOFRENIANS ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine language skills, namely receptive abilities in terms of listening and expressing answers and productive abilities in speaking. The methods and techniques used in this study are the technique of observing proficiently and taking notes, and using the skillful fishing technique, which is a technique that is realized by fishing because to get the data the researcher has to provoke the informant to want to talk. In addition, the writer also uses the equivalent method of articulatory speech-phonetic organ which is a tool, a research that analyzes the human speech organ which studies related phonetic utterances. The results of the analysis show that the language disorders found in schizophrenic patients include: (1) removal of initial, middle, and final phonemes, (2) addition and subtraction of certain phonemes, (3) repetition of phonemes, especially in middle phonemes, (4) misuse of prepositional and conjunction categories, and (5) inaccuracies in vocabulary with the informants' utterances due to the influence of their mother tongue or foreign language controlled by the informant.KEYWORDS:  schizophrenia; phonology; receptive; productive
Aziz Choudry: The Quintessential Scholar-Activist (23/06/1966–26/05/2021)
Authors: Vally Salim
Published: June 2021

In Memoriam
New species and records of Dermestidae (Coleoptera: Bostrichoidea) from Madagascar
Authors:   Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady 136, CZ-156 00 Praha 5 - Zbraslav, Czech Republic, Háva J. , Matsumoto K. ,   Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
Published: June 2021

The new species Trogoderma tryznai sp. n., Trogoderma zhantievi sp. n. and Trogoderma sharpi sp. n. (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) from Madagascar are described, illustrated and compared with similar species. The new species differ from congeners by the structure of the antennae, male genitalia and colour of the elytral spots. Additional faunistic records of Madagascan Dermestidae and a key to species of Trogoderma are given.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN BERBASIS ONLINE PADA PRODUK BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA (BUMDES) “SUKSES BERSAMA” DESA SUGIHWARAS KABUPATEN SIDOARJO
Authors: Widayanti Riris Eka , Oktafia Renny
Published: June 2021

Munculnya pandemi covid-19 harus disikapi oleh para pelaku usaha dengan penerapan langkah-langkah strategis untuk kelangsungan bisnisnya. Bisnis online pada situasi saat ini merupakan  sebuah  peluang atau kesempatan yang sangat menjanjikan dan terlebih juga menguntungkan untuk dikembangkan. Bisnis online juga tidak menutup kemungkinan adanya kendala, seperti persaingan yang ketat karena banyaknya kompetitor yang berdampak pada sempitnya cakupan pemasaran produk. Desa Sugihwaras merupakan salah satu desa yang sudah menjalankan roda perekonomian yaitu melalui pembentukan BUMDes. Salah satu bentuk inovasi yang sedang dikembangkan dan berjalan oleh BUMDes Sukses Bersama yaitu melakukan pemasaran produk BUMDes berbasis online melalui aplikasi market place yang dimiliki yaitu Elektronik Bumdes Sugihwaras (E-Bes). Tetapi sampai sekarang penggunaannya belum maksimal, sebab banyak masyarakat Desa Sugihwaras belum mengetahui adanya aplikasi tersebut, ketertarikannya hanya 40% saja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana strategi pemasaran dan dampaknya pada perekonomian desa.
Pengaturan Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja (Phk) di Indonesia dan Singapura
Authors: Sudjudiman Haikal , Najicha Fatma Ulfatun
Published: June 2021

As a rule of law, Indonesia is required to provide legal protection to all its citizens, including employers and workers. Legal protection for workers to ensure the basic rights of workers to create workers' welfare, including termination of employment. However, in practice, there are still cases of rights in terms of termination of employment. This journal will describe clearly the equality and guarantee of legal protection for workers' rights in cases of termination of employment in Indonesia and Singapore so that we can benefit from the legal protection offered by Singapore. This research is a juridical normative legal research using the comparative law method. Therefore, the data source used is a secondary data source collected by literature study techniques. After the data is collected, the data is processed and analyzed using descriptive qualitative analytic methods, meaning that the data is grouped according to the aspects studied and then drawn from the conclusions and described descriptively. Based on the research results, it is found that the legal protection of the rights of daily workers in Indonesia and Singapore has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Interpreting The State's Right to Control In the provisions of Article 33 Paragraph (3), The Constitution of 1945 Republic of Indonesia
Authors: Suparto Suparto
Published: June 2021

Article 33 paragraph (3) of The Constitution Republic of Indonesia in 1945 stipulates that "Earth, water and natural resources contained therein controlled by the State and used for the people's welfare". Understanding of the earth (which is called land) according to the provisions of Article 1 paragraph (4) of Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Regulations on Basic Agrarian Issues is the surface of the earth and the body of the earth underneath it and which is under water. The meaning of the provisions of Article 33 paragraph (3) in The Constitution of 1945 is that the State as the highest power organization of all people (the nation) acts as the Governing Body. The right to control the State or be controlled by the State in this article does not mean "owned", but in the sense of giving authority to the State as the highest power organization of the Indonesian nation. The Constitutional Court elaborated State's Right to Control becomes 5 (five) authorities whose purpose is as much as possible for the prosperity of the people, including: (1). Formulate policy (beleid), (2). Make arrangements (regelendaad), (3). Carry out management (bestuurdaad), (4). Carry out management (beheerdaad), and (5). Supervise (toeichthoudensdaad). The earth, water and natural resources contained in the earth are the main points of people's prosperity, therefore they must be controlled by the State and used for the greatest prosperity of the people.
Problematika Kebijakan Penegakan Hukuman Pidana Mati Untuk Koruptor Pada Masa Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19)
Authors: Wildan Tantowi  , Saraswati N.G.A.N Ajeng , Gayatri Viola Sekarayu
Published: June 2021

This research examines the problems arising from the criminal law policy of imposing the death penalty for corruptors during the Covid-19 pandemic. C. Law Number 31 of 1999 which has been amended by Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes is one of the weapons to fight corruption in Indonesia, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic as a national non-natural disaster which has been a serious concern of the government.  In the event of corruption cases occur during the Covid-19 pandemic, such criminal cases should be tackled in an extraordinary and special way because the impact of Covid-19 pandemic has affected all sectors of life, one of which is the economy. Considering the Covid-19 pandemic, it is appropriate if Indonesia is currently categorized under certain conditions. It means that this condition implies that if a criminal act of corruption occurs during the Covid-19 pandemic, law enforcers can prosecute or impose a death penalty for corruption perpetrators as stipulated in Article 2 paragraph (1) and (2) of the Corruption Eradication Law. This research used the normative legal method which is carried out through literature study with the aim of writing the article to find out what weaknesses can lead to juridical problems with the enforcement of the death penalty against corruptors in Indonesia and to analyze the urgency of criminal law policy n the imposition of the death penalty for corruptors during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Trips Agreement Dan Standarisasi Hukum Perlindungan Hak Kekayaan Industri Di Indonesia
Authors: Syafrinaldi Rani Fadhila , Hardiago David
Published: June 2021

Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Right Agreement 1995 (TRPS Agreement) is an international provision in the field of intellectual property rights protection that applies universally. Indonesia as a country of law, has all laws relating to the protection of intellectual property rights with reference to the TRIPS Agreement. The TRIPS Agreemnt formulation must also refer to the Paris Convention For the Protection of Industrial Property, 1883 which has been recognized as the legal basis for the protection of intellectual property rights globally. Protection of industrial assets consisting of Patents, Trademarks, Trade Secrets, Industrial designs, Protection of Plant Varieties and Layout Designs of Integrated Circuits must be carried out by the state towards the holders of the said industrial property rights
Pengawasan Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing Di Sumatera Barat
Authors: Pattra Lerri
Published: June 2021

The Republic of Indonesia was founded, the Indonesian people have realized that work is a human need for citizens. This is stated and mandated in Article 27 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution which states that "Every citizen has the right to work and a living that is decent for humanity". This has implications for the state's obligation to facilitate citizens to obtain decent work for humanity. However, recently the use of foreign workers has become one of the main issues in Indonesia. Foreign workers are foreign nationals holding visas with the intention of working in Indonesian territory. Constitutionally, the use of foreign workers in Indonesia is regulated in Law no. 13/2003 concerning Manpower and strengthened by Law no. 25 of 2007 concerning Investment. Thus the use of foreign workers cannot be avoided because it is constitutionally very possible. Another factor that influences the presence of foreign workers in Indonesia is the agreement of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) which began in 2015. This has provided opportunities for the free use of foreign workers for the ASEAN region. What has always been a problem is the high unemployment rate caused by the lack of employment opportunities for Indonesian citizens.
Prevalence of Radiographic Anomalies and Abnormalities on Panoramic Films in the Pakistani Population
Authors:   Riphah International University, Islamabad., Asif Samra , Babar Hassaan Bin , Kamal Fatima , Sohail Kanwal , Kiyani Amber
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES: Orthopantomogram (OPG) is a dental radiograph that captures the maxillofacial region in a single image for quick assessment of the dental arches and their surrounding structures. It can be used for treatment planning and analysis of jaw-related pathologies. Prior studies have demonstrated geographical variations in radiographic anomalies and pathologies, our purpose was to establish baseline statistics for the Pakistani population, so the Pakistani dentists are able to distinguish between anomalies and pathologies and provide appropriate care when needed. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study design was used to analyze de-identified 2411 OPGs taken for routine dental care at the dental clinics of Riphah International University. These were broadly classified according to site. Data was documented on SPSS version 22 and presented as frequencies. RESULTS: From a total of 2,411 OPGs, 2326 met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the patients was 29.06±17.99 years. Our findings included pneumatization of the maxillary sinus in 9.8%, pathological findings in the sinus in 3.9%, deflected nasal septum in 7.5%, alveolar bone loss in 32.7%, elongated styloid process in 12.1%, pathological finding associated with maxillary bone in 1.4% and mandibular bone in 2.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Our results were somewhat unique when compared with studies from other geographical locations. We established baseline statistics about the common anomalies and abnormalities noted in dental radiographs for the Pakistani population. KEY WORDS: Orthopantomogram, anomalies, mandible, maxilla
What is Meant by Fellowship and What are its Types?
Authors:   Aga Khan University Karachi, Pakistan, Raza Khan Farhan
Published: June 2021

The term ‘fellowship’ is fairly common among medical and dental graduates especially those aspiring to become subject specialists. However, there are so many meanings and construct of this term that not only patients but even students get confused. The following description explains what fellowship is all about and what its types are. Actually, fellowship has eight different meanings. KEYWORDS: Fellowship; award; examination; diploma
Prevalence and Severity of Temporomandibular Disorders in Medical/Dental Undergraduate Students
Authors:   Institute of Dentistry, CMH Lahore Medical College, Lahore, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS)., Wahad Khan Mahvish , Zaigham Abdul Mueed
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this epidemiological study was to assess the prevalence and severity of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in undergraduate students at CMH Lahore Medical College (CMH-LMC) and Institute of Dentistry (IOD) using Fonseca’s questionnaire. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted. A questionnaire was distributed among 644 undergraduate students attending CMH Lahore Medical College (CMH-LMC) and Institute of Dentistry (IOD). The questionnaire had some general questions regarding medical and dental history requiring responses in yes or no and it had 10 specific questions regarding the temporomandibular joint with response options yes, sometimes & no which were allocated scores 10, 5 and 0 respectively. The sum of points was used to classify participants into TMD free, mild, moderate, and severe temporomandibular disorders (TMD). RESULTS: The prevalence of TMD was found to be 62%. Among all the participants almost 37% were TMD free, 43% students suffered from Mild TMD, 18% students had moderate TMD and 1% students suffered from severe TMD. CONCLUSION: The Fonseca’s questionnaire can be used as an effective tool in assessment of prevalence and severity of temporomandibular disorders. Public health services should adopt the questionnaire for screening, as information can be obtained in a relatively short period and at a low cost for a wide population. KEYWORDS: Fonseca’s questionnaire, Temporomandibular disorders, Orofacial pain, Cervicofacial muscles.
KRITIK SOSIAL DALAM KUMPULAN CERPEN “KONVENSI” KARYA A. MUSTOFA BISRI (SOCIAL CRITICISM IN "KONVENSI" SHORT STORY WRITTEN BY A. MUSTOFA BISRI)
Authors: Sadiyah Nizar Halimatus , Arifin Ferdi
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini berisi tentang kritik sosial dalam kumpulan cerita pendek berjudul  “Konvensi” karya A. Mustofa Bisri. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif dengan teori-teori sosial dari Soerjono Soekanto dan Budi Sulistyowati. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara pengambilan dari dokumen dan catatan-catatan. Klasifikasi data dilakukan dengan mengkategorikan data-data yang ditemukan berdasarkan jenis-jenis permasalahan sosial masyarakat yang ditemukan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan tahap cara analisis isi dokumen. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam kumpulan cerpen “Konvensi” karya A. Mustofa Bisri telah ditemukan 9 macam jenis permasalahan sosial dengan 12 subbab permasalahan. Masing-masing subbab merupakan cerminan dari kondisi permasalahan sosial yang tengah dialami masyarakat pada saat karya itu ditulis.
Kata kunci: kritik sosial, cerita pendek.
 
This research studies contains social criticism in a collection of short stories titled "Konvensi" by A. Mustofa Bisri. This research is descriptive qualitative with social theories from Soerjono Soekanto and Budi Sulistyowati. Data collection is carried out by means of retrieval from documents and records. Data classification is done by categorizing the data found based on the types of social problems that are found. Data analysis was carried out with the stage of how to document the contents of the document. The results of this study indicate that in the collection of short stories "Konvensi" by A. Mustofa Bisri have found 9 types of social problems with 12 sections of problems. Each section is a reflection of the conditions of social problems that were being experienced by the community at the time the work was written.
Keywords: social criticism, short stories.
Metafora Konseptual Cinta dalam Lirik Lagu Taylor Swift di Album 1989
Authors: Irwansyah NFN
Published: June 2021

This study describes the conceptual metaphors of love in the lyrics of Taylor Swift's 1989 album. The purpose of this study is to describe the use of metaphors and conceptualize love-themed data. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with proficient free listening technique by taking song lyrics from Taylor Swift. The data source is song lyrics in Taylor Swift's 1989 album. The selection of the data sources is motivated by the fact that Taylor Swift is a singer who produces songs based on personal experiences. This makes the puns for the song more beautiful and poetic. The results show that the conceptualization of love metaphors found on Taylor Swift's 1989 album namely (1) love is a game, (2) love is fire, (3) heartbreak is the national anthem, (4) love is the object of trouble, (5) love is the throne, (6) love as glassware, (7) love as an object of color, (8) love is journey, (9) love is a sin, (10) love as a ship object, (11) love is life, (12) love is a trap, (13) love as an object falls, (14) love as an intoxicating object, (15) love is power and (16)  love as an object is hunted.AbstrakPenelitian ini mendeskripsikan metafora konseptual cinta dalam lirik lagu Taylor Swift di album 1989. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan metafora dan mengonseptualisasikan data yang bertema cinta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik simak bebas libat cakap dengan mengambil lirik lagu dari Taylor Swift. Sumber data yang digunakan ialah lirik-lirik lagu pada album 1989 milik Taylor Swift. Pemilihan sumber data dilatarbelakangi bahwa Taylor Swift seorang penyanyi yang menghasilkan lagu berdasarkan pengalaman pribadi bersama pasangannya. Hal ini memunculkan permainan kata-kata yang terkesan lebih indah dan puitis. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan konseptualisasi metafora cinta yang ditemukan pada album 1989 milik Taylor Swift antara lain (1) cinta adalah permainan, (2) cinta adalah api, (3) patah hati adalah lagu kebangsaan, (4) cinta sebagai objek masalah, (5) cinta adalah takhta, (6) cinta sebagai barang pecah belah, (7) cinta sebagai objek warna, (8) cinta adalah perjalanan, (9) cinta sebagai perbuatan dosa, (10) cinta sebagai objek kapal, (11) cinta adalah kehidupan, (12) cinta adalah perangkap, (13) cinta sebagai objek yang jatuh, (14) cinta sebagai objek yang memabukkan, (15) cinta adalah kekuatan, dan (16) cinta sebagai objek yang diburu.
Kekerasan Verbal dalam Merespons Status dan Komentar Politik di Media Sosial dan Implikasinya terhadap Kesantunan Berbahasa
Authors: Zein Duddy , Wagiati NFN
Published: June 2021

This paper is entitled "Verbal Violence in Responding to Status and Political Comments on Social Media and Its Implications to Language Politeness". This study examines patterns of verbal violence displayed by supporters of candidate pairs in responding to political discourse on the 2019 presidential election. The focus of the study is about mass communication which shows the existence of verbal violence and its implications for language politeness. This research uses a descriptive method. The data analyzed in this research are comments, status, and tweets as response from netizens who support presidential candidate pairs in the 2019 presidential election. Data is taken from several social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Line, and Whatsapp. Determination of the research object is done with purposive considerations. The results showed that (1) on various occasions on social media, supporters of each pair of candidates dominantly use expressive speech acts; (2) supporters of candidate pairs often violate the principles of politeness, namely violating the maxims of wisdom, generosity, praise, humility, agreement, and sympathy; (3) the existence of verbal violence is caused by messages conveyed through social media which tend to be free, without having to go through the gate keeper process.AbstrakTulisan ini berjudul “Kekerasan Verbal dalam Merespons Status dan Komentar Politik di Media Sosial dan Implikasinya terhadap Kesantunan Berbahasa”. Penelitian ini mengkaji pola-pola kekerasan verbal yang ditampilkan oleh para pendukung pasangan calon dalam merespons wacana politik pemilihan presiden pada tahun 2019. Fokus kajian pada penelitian ini adalah komunikasi massa yang memperlihatkan adanya kekerasan verbal dan implikasinya terhadap kesantunan berbahasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Data yang dianalisis dalam penelitin ini berupa komentar, status, dan tweet sebagai respons dari netizen pendukung pasangan calon presiden pada pemilihan presiden tahun 2019 terhadap wacana politik pilpres tersebut. Data diambil dari beberapa media sosial, seperti Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Line, dan Whatsapp. Penentuan objek penelitian dilakukan dengan pertimbangan purposif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) dalam berbagai kesempatan di media sosial, para pendukung setiap pasangan calon secara dominan menggunakan tindak tutur ekspresif; (2) para pendukung paslon kerap kali melanggar prinsip-prinsip kesantunan, yaitu pelanggaran terhadap maksim kearifan, kedermawanan, pujian, kerendahan hati, kesepakatan, dan kesimpatian; (3) adanya kekerasan verbal disebabkan oleh pesan yang disampaikan lewat media sosial cenderung bebas, tanpa harus melalui proses gate keeper.
The influence of Gum Arabic on the physicochemical and antimicrobial activity of the microencapsulated Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) leaves
Authors: Mohd Zin Z. , Razman N.H. , M. Hasmadi , Abd Manap M.N. , Zainol M.K.
Published: June 2021

Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) also known as God's Crown has been historically
used as an indispensable alternative herbal medicine. Microencapsulation is a process
whereby tiny particles or droplets are engulfed or enclosed in a coating matrix to produce
small capsules. Generally, without microencapsulation, powders are fragile materials that
could easily interfere with other components that are difficult to dissolve in water, lose
their beneficial properties and decrease shelf life. It is hoped that the microencapsulation
would increase the consistency of the powder during storage and maintain its beneficial
properties. The goal of this research is to investigate the physicochemical and
antimicrobial activity of Mahkota Dewa leaves encapsulated in different concentrations of
gum Arabic (GA) and to determine the form of antioxidant and their role and properties.
Mahkota Dewa leaves powders were microencapsulated in 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%
gum Arabic using an ultrasonic spray dryer at 90οC. The microencapsulated Mahkota
Dewa leaves (MMDL) samples were subjected to physicochemical and antimicrobial
activity. The results showed that the 6% GA MMDL exhibited the highest yield (3.91%)
while 0% GA was the lowest yield (1.64%). The highest total phenolic and flavonoid
content was exhibited by 2% GA. The highest DPPH inhibition was depicted in 0% GA
which indicates the highest antioxidant activity (54.9±0.01%) and is significantly (p<0.05)
different from other samples. The highest inhibition was exhibited in 0% GA in the TBA
method and FTC analysis. The encapsulated powders were identified to have weak
antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus,
Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes. The powders produced have an irregularly
spherical structure and smooth surface with some dented spots on the surface. The
different concentration of gum Arabic resulted in different antioxidant activity, flavonoid
content and antimicrobial activity of MMDL.
Microbiological status of some street iftar items collected from chalk bazar in
Dhaka city, Bangladesh
Authors: Nur I.T. , Talukder M. , Das T.R. , Asaduzzaman M. , Feroz F. , Munshi S.K.
Published: June 2021

In Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh and one of the most densely populated cities of the
world, different categories of street foods are widely consumed by all classes of people,
especially for iftar during the holy month of Ramadan. The objective of this research was
to assess the microbiological quality of street iftar food items collected from a street in
Chalk Bazar locality of Dhaka along with the antibiogram profile of the bacterial isolates.
A total of 74 samples belong to ten different categories of street food items and 8 different
types of street vended juices were collected aseptically. The bacteria were isolated by
using different culture media. The antibiotic susceptibility of the bacterial isolates was
determined by the disc diffusion method. In case of street food total viable bacteria (on
average of 6 log10 CFU/g). On the other hand, an extended number of total viable bacteria
were encountered in all juices samples which also on an average of 6 log10 CFU/mL.
Fungi, Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were found in the majority of the
samples irrespective of the categories. Few samples were contaminated with Escherichia
coli and Klebsiella spp. Most of the cultivated bacterial strains exhibited resistance against
commonly used antibiotics, while several isolates were noted to be multi-drug resistant.
The present study revealed a huge array of microbial load which indicates a high risk to
public health. Presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria heightened the risk by many folds
and urges the need for frequent surveillance.