bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zagadnienie grzybicy woszczynowej owłosionej skóry głowy oraz kampania przeciwstrupniowa prowadzona w Polsce przez Towarzystwo Ochrony Zdrowia Ludności Żydowskiej w latach 1921–1939
Authors: Ciesielska Maria
Published: March 2022

The ringworm (favus) and the anti-favus campaign conducted by the Society for the Protection of Jewish Health in Poland (1921–1939)

In the early 1920s, tuberculosis, trachoma and ringworm (favus) were recognized by the Society for the Protection of Jewish Health (Общество адравоохранения Евреев, OZE) and the American Joint Distribution Committee (AJDC). Joint) for the three most pressing health problems of the Jewish community in Central and Eastern Europe, the most urgent of which, according to these institutions, was the fi ght against ringworm - a fungal disease of the scalp, sometimes also of the skin of the hands and nails, caused by the Achorion (Trichophyton) Scheonlenii fungus. Treatment of favus consisted of irradiating the affected area with X-rays in order to completely epilate the hair and subsequent treatment with topical agents. In the third decade of the twentieth century, epilation with the use of tall acetate as an “internal epilatory” and a combined method combining both methods of hair epilation were included in the treatment of mycosis of the scalp. The combined method was considered ineffective and was not introduced into the clinics of TOZ. In the years 1921–1938, over 27,000 patients (Jewish children) were successfully treated in Eastern Europe. Eradication was was the goal of TOZ’s activities in Poland from the very beginning although it seems doubtful that until the outbreak of World War II it was possible to eradicate this disease in Poland. Nevertheless the success of the mass campaign to eradicate ringworm among the Jewish community in Poland was undeniable.
Siostry Klemensy od Wniebowzięcia (Janiny Wójcik) wspomnienia z zesłania (1940–1946)
Authors: Lusek Joanna
Published: March 2022

Sisters Klemensa of the Assumption (Janina Wójcik) memories of exile (1940–1946) Sister Klemensa of the Assumption, Janina Wójcik (1893–1982), was born in Nowy Sącz, to the family of Ignacy – a railwayman and Jadwiga née Zwierzyńska. She graduated from the Private Teachers’ Seminary in Tarnów, gaining qualifi cations to teach manual labor in elementary schools. She entered the Congregation of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception in 1917. She made her perpetual profession in 1925. Before the outbreak of World War II, she worked in the monasteries in Wirów, Szymanów, Jarosław, Słonim, Niżniów and Maciejów as an economist, refectory and vestress. After the outbreak of World War II, she was forced to leave the monastery in Maciejów. She stayed briefl y in Lviv. In 1940, she was deported to the Mariinsky Autonomous Socialist Republic of the USSR. She worked in the canteen in Nowa Strojka, then in the hospital in Joszkar-Oła. In the 1970s, Sister Klemensa wrote down retrospective memoirs entitled “Memoirs from Russia of Sister Klemensa of the Assumption (Janina Wójcik). My memories of the last war (1939–1946)”. They count 25 single-sided pages. They include the time of deportation, with particular emphasis on information about the work performed. Sister Klemensa returned to Poland, to Nowy Sącz in 1946.
Filozofia starożytna a medycyna średniowieczna. Refleksje na marginesie książki Beaty Wojciechowskiej Flebotomia i purgowanie, czyli o leczeniu w wiekach średnich
Authors: Borkowska Katarzyna
Published: March 2022

Ancient Philosophy and Medieval Medicine. Reflections on the Margins of Flebotomia i purgowanie, czyli o leczeniu w wiekach średnich [Phlebotomy and purging, or about medical treatment in the Middle Ages]

The article discusses ancient philosophical sources for humourism. It focuses on the philosophical context described in the fi rst chapter of Beata Wojciechowska’s book Flebotomia i purgowanie, czyli o leczeniu w wiekach średnich [Phlebotomy and purging, or about medical treatment in the Middle Ages]. The author briefl y points out the differences between the Epicurean, Stoic, Peripatetic and Academic positions on the nature of the soul, its relation to the body and the universe.
Между «внутренней» и «внешней» колонизацией. Роман Веры Галактионовой Спящие от печали
Authors: Wawrzyńczak Aleksander
Published: March 2022

Dyskurs postkolonialny we współczesnej literaturze rosyjskiej jest uwarunkowany specyfiką rosyjskiej kolonizacji, którą najciekawiej scharakteryzował Alexander Etkind w swojej koncepcji kolonizacji „wewnętrznej” i „zewnętrznej”. Koncepcja ta stanowi podstawę przedstawionych w artykule analiz powieści Spiaszczije ot pieczali [Śpiący ze smutku] Very Galaktionovej. Akcja powieści rozgrywa się w małej wiosce w północnym Kazachstanie, zamieszkanej głównie przez Rosjan. Percepcja powieści oparta na koncepcji kolonizacji „wewnętrznej” i „zewnętrznej” pozwala wyjaśnić związek postkolonialnej traumy z kryzysem moralnym i religijnym, który dotyka nie tylko mniejszość rosyjską w byłych republikach sowieckich, ale również Rosjan w samej Rosji. Between “Internal” and “External” Colonization. Vera Galaktionova’s Novel Sorrow Sleepers Postcolonial discourse in modern Russian literature is conditioned by the peculiarity of Russian colonization, which was most interestingly characterized by Alexander Etkind in his conception of “internal” and “external” colonization. This conception became the basis of the analyses of the novel Sorrow Sleepers by Vera Galaktionova presented in this article. The action of the novel takes place in a small village in Northern Kazakhstan, inhabited basically by Russians. The perception of the novel based on the conception of “internal” and “external” colonization allows to explicate the connection between the postcolonial trauma and the moral and religious crisis, which hits not only the Russian minority in former Soviet republics, but the Russians in Russia as well.
Splatać epidemiczny świat: fragmenty etnografii podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej w dobie pandemii COVID-19
Authors: Wierciński Hubert
Published: March 2022

Interweaving an Epidemic World: Fragments of an Ethnography of Primary Health Care in the era of the COVID-19 Pandemic

In the article I analyse the responses of Polish primary care practitioners to coronavirus pandemic. I argue that the doctors by – employing their skills and knowledge – ad hoc started to reconstruct their professional world heavily influenced by the virus. I employ a body of literature focused on risk-taking, risk society, and second modernity to shed more light on doctors` practices, who entered a risky, yet intellectually and professionally refreshing interplay with the threads brought to them by the virus.
„Podpatrzyłem to na YouTubie”. Etnografia nabywania wiedzy poprzez sieć (praktyka nauki brazylijskiego jiu-jitsu)
Authors: Górski Karol
Published: March 2022

„I Got it from YouTube”. Ethnography of Learning through the Internet (the Case of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu) The main purpose of the article is to analyse the learning practices of Brazilian jiu-jitsu through the Internet. The article reveals the results of the research conducted from 2016 to 2019 in one jiu-jitsu club in Warsaw, Poland. The material came mostly from the in-depth interviews, and describes the nuances, restrictions and implications of learning Brazilian jiu-jitsu from YouTube. Such form of learning becomes an „inevitably deficient” process although may lead to the „creation of hybrids” and „exploitation of the surplus” (of knowledge sources) but also may strengthen the fundamental local training regime. In the final part of the text, I present the general patterns of using YouTube in the process of learning Brazilian jiu-jitsu. In reference to the ideas of Tim Ingold I conclude that gathered data allow to present the results of mixing and knotting the particular kinds of knowledge.
„Akademicki kaprys” czy „budowanie zrozumienia”? Refleksje z badań antropologicznych o sprawiedliwości naprawczej
Authors: Radziszewska Janina
Published: March 2022

“Academic Whim” or “Building Understanding”? Reflections from Anthropological Research on Restorative Justice

The article focuses on restorative justice as a form of contestation against the retributive Western justice system. The emergence of the concept of restorative justice is strongly linked to the development of victimology and the movement fighting for a greater involvement of victims in the criminal proceedings. Embedded in the pattern of oppositions associated with retributive and restorative justice – conflict versus dialogue, power versus community, punishment versus responsibility – are motifs that point to the complexity of the matter of dispute resolution. The article is based on the results of research carried out in the frame of the project „Protecting and Defending the Rights of Victims of Anti-LGBT Hate Crimes: Innovative Paths through Restorative Justice (LetsGoByTalking)”.
Odpowiedzialność dyscyplinarna sędziego w Polsce w świetle wyroku TS UE z 15 lipca 2021 r., C-791/19. Aspekty materialne i procesowe
Authors: Siwierska Anna Maria
Published: March 2022

Disciplinary liability of a judge in Poland in light of the CJEU judgment of July 15, 2021, case file no. C-791/19. Material and procedural aspects

The article analyses the judgment in case file no. C-791/19 (European Commission v. Republic of Poland) in the context of contra legem judicature. It outlines the boundary between disciplinary proceedings, which are inconsistent with EU standards, and the control area necessary to maintain consistency and uniformity in the application of the law and its established interpretation. The article presents a thesis that the way in which the disciplinary liability mechanism protects the shape of established jurisprudence and limits political influence in the judiciary must also create instruments for controlling the actions of judges that are intentional and motivated by bad faith or exceptionally serious and grossly negligent violations of national and EU law. Firstly, the article proposes the creation of instruments of control complementary to the provisions of Article 19(2) of TEU and its interpretation, and secondly, it presents the definition of disciplinary offense in a sufficiently precise manner so as to balance the necessary control of judicature with the threat of excessive political influence.
Problem płatnika składek w świetle art. 8 ust. 2a ustawy z 13 października 1998 r. o systemie ubezpieczeń społecznych
Authors: Szymanowski Marek
Published: March 2022

The issue of the social security contributor in the light of article 8(2a) of the social insurance system act of October 13, 1998 The article focuses on the regulation of the article 8(2a) of the social insurance system of October 13, 1998, which is one of the most controversial provisions in the social insurance law. Under this provision a person who performs work under a civil law contract is also regarded as an employee if that person has concluded such a contract with an employer with whom he has an employment relationship or if under such a contract he performs work for an employer with whom he has an employment relationship. It has been accepted in the judicature that the effect of this regulation is that the employer is also the social security contributor on the employee’s income earned on the basis of the civil law contract concluded with a third party. The doctrine opposes this approach, recognizing the entity employing the employee under the civil law contract as the contributor in this situation. The difference between the doctrine and judicature is also observed in the understanding of the performance of work for the employer. In author of the article supports the stance of judicature which, in fact, protects the rights of an employee (an insured party); however, the author also recognizes and evaluates the opposing arguments raised by doctrine.
Prawo humanitarnej ochrony zwierząt jako dział kompleksowy prawa administracyjnego
Authors: Rudy Michał
Published: March 2022

Law of animal humane protection as comprehensive branch of administrative law

The legal protection of animals may be discussed on the grounds of branches of law such as civil law, criminal law or administrative law. Due to the essence of the protected “interest”, in this case animals, their protection in the most comprehensive way was provided by the norms of administrative law. The additional systematization of this form of protection is inscribed in the aforementioned administrative law. For this reason, it is possible to discuss e.g. regulations on the humane protection of animals, environmental protection of animals or protection of animal health. Such parts of administrative law can be referred to as its comprehensive sections.

At present, however, such a classification raises uncertainties – therefore, a division into comprehensive sections of administrative law was suggested. In the structure of such a section, to ensure better security of the protected interest, in addition to the typical norms of administrative regulations, there are norms from other branches of law, like civil law or administrative law.
Bezczynność w przedmiocie odebrania ślubowania od radcy prawnego. Glosa do postanowienia Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z 17 lutego 2016 r., II GSK 151/16
Authors: Szwast Michał
Published: March 2022

Gloss to the judgement of the Polish Supreme Administrative Court of February 17, 2016 (case file no. II GSK 151/16, concerning the inaction on taking the oath from an attorney-at-law)

The subject of the gloss is the decision of the Polish Supreme Administrative Court concerning the admissibility of judicial control over inaction in the matter of taking the oath from an attorney-at-law, which determines the effectiveness of the constitutional personal right to a court. The content and arguments of the judgement have an impact on other procedures in which taking an oath is a necessary element of obtaining the right to practice a specific profession or activity. The author of the gloss expands the argumentation of the Polish Supreme Administrative Court on the necessity of pro-constitutional interpretation of the provisions of acts which expressis verbis do not provide for the right to submit a complaint against inaction in taking the oath from an attorney-at-law.
Nieprzydatność aplikanta radcowskiego do wykonywania zawodu radcy prawnego jako przesłanka skreślenia z listy aplikantów. Glosa częściowo krytyczna do wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z 16 października 2018 r., II GSK 2949/16
Authors: Świstak Marzena
Published: March 2022

Unsuitability of a trainee attorney-at-law to perform the profession of an attorney-at-law as a prerequisite for removal from the trainee attorney-at-law list. Partially critical gloss to the judgment of the Polish Supreme Administrative Court of October 16, 2018 (case file no. II GSK 2949/16)

The author raises the issue of the interpretation of one of the prerequisites for removal from the trainee attorney-at-law list in the light of the Polish Supreme Administrative Court’s (NSA) judgment of October 16, 2018 (case file no. II GSK 2949/16), which is being reviewed – which is as follows: “unsuitability of a trainee attorney-at-law to perform the profession of an attorney-at-law”. The subject is a matter of interpretation which generates a number of doubts in the practical application of law. It is a vague terminology and at the same time it constitutes a basis for making decisions of great importance for members of the attorneys-at-law’ self-government (here: trainee attorneys-at-law), which are also subject to the judicial supervision. The author, in a partially critical gloss, indicates some reservations as to the interpretation adopted by the NSA, both concerning the legal nature of arbitrary administrative decisions issued in the sphere of administrative authority by the self-government of attorneys-at-law and the presented interpretation in terms of evaluating the determinant in the form of “unsuitability of a trainee attorney-at-law”. To achieve the assumed research goal, the gloss applies a dogmatic and legal research method as well as an analysis of court decisions.
Niveles de depresión en personas con trabajo remunerado y desempleadas durante la crisis sanitaria del SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Arredondo-Aldana Karina Stephanie , Gutiérrez-Izquierdo María Alexandra
Published: March 2022

El año 2020 estuvo marcado por la pandemia del COVID-19 y a raíz de esto se considera la depresión como un problema recurrente en la salud mental debido a la inestabilidad económica provocada por la falta de empleo, presentándose síntomas negativos en quien la padece. Razón por la cual se hace fundamental la intervención de profesionales de la salud para evitar que los niveles de depresión se incrementen, y evitar que la población pueda llegar a padecer trastornos más complejos. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo comparar los niveles de depresión entre las personas con trabajo remunerado y las personas desempleadas en la Ciudad de Manta, durante la crisis sanitaria del SARS-CoV-2. El método utilizado en la presente investigación es el análisis estadístico descriptivo, identificando los niveles de depresión que tienen los participantes durante la crisis sanitaria del SARS-CoV-2, considerando que para este estudio se utilizó el inventario de depresión de Beck, para la detección de los niveles de depresión, el cual se fundamentó en un estudio de campo realizado de manera virtual, a través de una encuesta aplicada a 74 personas (empleados y desempleados). Obteniendo como resultados, personas con leve perturbación del estado del ánimo, depresión moderada y una depresión intermitente, se concluye que este estudio fue factible aplicando el análisis descriptivo a los datos obtenidos del inventario de depresión de Beck y determinándose que los niveles de estrés han hecho vulnerable a las personas empleadas por sobre las personas desempleadas a desarrollar una depresión.

Palabras clave: Depresión, empleo, desempleo, SARS-CoV-2.
La dinámica familiar frente al duelo por la pérdida de un miembro del sistema
Authors: Ponce-Reyes Joselyn Viviana , Rodríguez-Álava Leonor Alexandra
Published: March 2022

La dinámica familiar frente al duelo por la pérdida de un miembro del sistema es objeto de análisis debido a que se genera malestar y sus complicaciones inciden en las relaciones, funciones, y dinámica en general de la familia. Esta artículo es de revisión bibliográfica, por lo cual, tiene una metodología de tipo documental y bibliográfica porque permite recopilar información de fuentes confiables de investigaciones realizadas en diferentes lugares, que esclarecen el enlace entre estas variables, además aportan datos significativos sobre los cambios que sufre la familia en sus relaciones, funciones, roles y dinámica ante el duelo por fallecimiento de uno de sus miembros generan interés entre los estudiosos del tema. El objetivo del artículo es caracterizar los cambios en la dinámica familiar frente al duelo por un miembro del sistema. Entre los resultados que destacan se encuentra una relación entre los duelos complicados y la homeostasis de la dinámica familiar. La dinámica familiar presenta cambios antes las pérdidas de su estructura, y cuando estas carecen de capacidad de reorganización terminan en duelos complicados.

Palabras clave: Dinámica familiar, duelo, muerte, sistema.
El proceso de duelo ante la pérdida humana en tiempos de pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Giraldo-García Jorge Alberto , Restrepo-Echavarria Ricardo
Published: March 2022

Cuando el humano enfrenta una pérdida, sea esta humana o situacional ocasiona diferentes comportamientos, reacciones y emociones. El dolor es parte del desarrollo y/o crecimiento del sujeto. El duelo, es un proceso de sanación interna y externa de las personas, implica varias fases para superarlo. El presente artículo de revisión bibliográfica tiene como objetivo conocer teóricamente cómo la humanidad trata de sobrellevar el proceso del duelo en tiempo de pandemia por COVID 19 desde las diferentes etapas de vida del sujeto ante la pérdida humana. Se empleó el enfoque positivista y la metodología documental o bibliográfica, misma que facilitó información y contenidos a través del estudio del arte desde la recolección de escritos relacionados con el objeto de estudio. En este sentido, se finiquita que el proceso de duelo se vive desde diferentes formas, individualidad, colectividad y más aun de cambio de tradiciones debido al confinamiento y aislamiento frente a la pandemia.

Palabras clave: Duelo, Covid-19, etapas del duelo, pérdida humana, terapias.
Using Intermediate Data of Map Reduce for Faster Execution
Authors: Prakash Shah Pratik , V. Pattabiraman
Published: March 2022

Data of any kind structured, unstructured or semistructured is generated in large quantity around the globe in various domains. These datasets are stored on multiple nodes in a cluster. MapReduce framework has emerged as the most efficient technique and easy to use for parallel processing of distributed data. This paper proposes a new methodology for mapreduce framework workflow. The proposed methodology provides a way to process raw data in such a way that it requires less processing time to generate the required result. The methodology stores intermediate data which is generated between map and reduce phase and re-used as input to mapreduce. The paper presents methodology which focuses on improving the data reusability, scalability and efficiency of the mapreduce framework for large data analysis. MongoDB 2.4.2 is used to demonstrate the experimental work to show how we can store and reuse intermediate data as a part of mapreduce to improve the processing of large datasets.
An Online Student-Oriented Assessment Program for the Core Subjects of Bachelor and Master Studies in Technical Higher Education
Authors: Răileanu Brânduşa Prepeliţă
Published: March 2022

The paper emphasizes positive experience in the use of Information and Communication Technology in education and training programs. It is shown that ICT has helped improve the scope, quality and effectiveness of these programs. The initiatives of the University Politehnica of Bucharest in this domain have enabled users of ICT to focus on the precise learning needs and abilities of the students. Furthermore, ICT has improved efficiency in the monitoring and overall management of the training process. The paper evolves the idea according to which the benefits already gained in industry can also be achieved in the public education sector, provided that the necessary investment in technical facilities and related training is made.
Application of UAV Photogrammetry on Ecological Restoration of Abandoned Open-pit mines, Northern Anhui Province, China
Authors: Dai Hongbao , Jiying Jiying
Published: March 2022

Mine survey is an important part of the ecological restoration design of an abandoned open-pit mine because it gives precise survey data for mine management. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry technology is applied to mine 3D modeling and earthwork calculation to tackle the problems of high cost, low efficiency, and high labor intensity in traditional manual field mine surveys. Using the abandoned quarries in Baitu, Suzhou City, as the study area, 82 ground control points were set up, and massive elevation data of the ground was obtained using a Dajiang spirit 4 RTK UAV for aerial photography and extracted from a 3D model created with Context Capture software, while a digital orthophoto image of the study area was created. The earthwork volume is calculated using the square grid method. UAV photogrammetry has a considerably higher efficiency than typical manual field measurement results, and it meets the precision criteria of mine geological environment assessment. According to the findings, UAV photogrammetry technology has a promising future in mine geological environment monitoring and ecological environment repair.
Tissue Repairing Activity of Glycosmis pentaphylla Leaf Extract on Oreochromis mossambicus Against Arsenic Induced Toxicity
Authors: Aswathy U. V. , Abhirami S. , Raj S. R. Flanet , Prasad G.
Published: March 2022

Acute toxicity of arsenic to Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and tissue repairing activity of Glycosmis pentaphylla leaf extract and its histological impacts on gill, liver, and kidney tissues were evaluated. Fish were divided into six groups viz. control, group 1, group 2, group 3, group 4, and group 5. 4.87 ppm of NaAsO2 was administrated in group 1, group 3, and group 5. In group 3, after arsenic exposure, 2.5 g of leaf extract of Glycosmis pentaphylla per kg of fish food was added. In group 5, 5g of G. pentaphylla leaf extract per kg of fish food was added. In group 2, 2.5 g of leaf extract per kg of fish food was added and in group 4, 5g leaf extract per kg of fish food was added. The control group showed normal histology of the gill, liver, and kidney. The histological observations revealed the tissue repairing activities in group 2 fish’s gill, liver, and kidney. These results revealed the protective and tissue repairing potential of G. pentaphylla as a feed supplement against NaAsO2 induced toxicity.
Development and Fabrication of A Portable Shredding Machine for Rapid Composting of Organic Waste
Authors: G. Resmi , V. Vinod
Published: March 2022

Solid waste management is found to be a matter of great concern all over the world. As the population grows, the volume of food waste also increases. Vegetable waste discarded from markets, waste discarded from slaughterhouses, and food waste left out after large social gatherings are becoming unmanageable heaps of organic waste. Composting is an effective process that can be used for the biodegradation of solid waste. Researchers have studied the influence of many parameters to accelerate the composting process such as adjusting the C/N ratio, pH, temperature, and moisture content. Reducing the size of larger pieces into small particles is found to accelerate the microbial activity and hence composting. This paper discusses the development and fabrication of a shredding machine used for cutting large volumes of vegetable waste. As per the studies conducted, the shredding machine can cut down 360 kg of vegetable waste into shredded waste within one hour. The quantity of petrol required for operating the engine for one hour was observed as one liter. Hence the fabricated shredding machine is found as cost-effective. The portable unit can be taken to various locations where solid organic waste has to be shredded and hence there is no need to transport waste which is a cumbersome task that consumes more energy.
Blockchain: The Gateway to New Technology and its Applications for Academic Libraries
Authors: Hussaini Sunusi , Haruna Mustapha , Shrivastava Deepak Kumar
Published: March 2022

The block chain is a distributed database that stores and shares records of all transactions or digital events that have taken place. Each transaction is double-checked by the majority of the system's members. It holds every single transaction's record. The block chain is a novel technology that is being used to validate and store transaction records for online crypto currencies such as Bit coin. Transactions cannot be retracted, copied, or faked because the system is redundant and distributed. The block chain has potential applications in domains other than online money, such as public libraries. This column will briefly outline what a block chain is and how it is used, as well as potential future uses that librarians and Academic Library practitioners would be interested in, as well as some of the system's flaws. Information workers may be able to utilize and benefit from this technology in a variety of ways.
Ring Chromosomes and Associated Disorders: A Review
Authors: Singh Udai Pratap , Gupta Anubha , Kumar Rajeev , Srivastava Abhinav Kumar
Published: March 2022

Ring chromosomes are formed due to rejoining or breaking in either one or both the chromosome arms. Any chromosome can form such structure and thus a specific ring chromosome will have an altogether distinct size and inherited content. Of intrigue are ring chromosomes 14 and X that have a remarkable relationship with epilepsy and seizure beginning in early years of life. Phenotypic characteristics associated with ring chromosomes are very much disparate and this may be due to any deletion caused by ring arrangement. Other reason may be the imbalances occurred due to ring instability. Extreme deficiency of development without major deformity is a very usual observation in the carrier of the ring chromosomes. Such phenotypic expressions are termed as "ring disorder" and they are strictly related with mitotic instability and ring behavior and does not dependent on the chromosome engaged. In case of ring chromosomes, it is not possible to exactly correlate genotype-phenotype because all the determining factors mostly variegate depending on the magnitude of deletion during ring development. Also, ring instability and the level of mosaicism add extra degree of pleomorphism. In spite of the fact that ring chromosomes generally emerge as de-novo events, filial transmission of rings from carrier to progeny is portrayed and pre-birth diagnosis for any pregnancies should be appraised.
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment in Glass Coater Plant
Authors: Dhinakaran N , Balachandar M
Published: March 2022

In industrial arena, if any industry to be successful, it has to be safe, reliable, and sustainable in its operations. The industry has to identify the hazards and assess the associated risks and to bring the risks to tolerable level. Most of the accidents are caused by our latent or patent, visible or invisible, known or unknown, detectable or
undetectable, intentional or unintentional unsafe acts, conditions and sequential events leading to accident. They explain rather the causation and not just the occurrence. Therefore, all should find the cause of accident and the appropriate measures for prevention. The zero-accident goal is an ideal goal, and everyone organization must try to achieve it by using all safety philosophy and technology. In reality, an industry and accidents are co-related and each industry is facing the accident problem, the nature, number and size may differ. It is this accident problem at the root which has generated the need of safety. Deaths, injuries and suffering are its direct results. Compensation, productionless, time-loss and various costs-losses are indirect results. The injured worker, his family, factory and the nation, all are the sufferers. Accidents not resulting in human injuries, but resulting in property damage or money-loss are also accountable and undesired. Therefore, accident is always undesirable. That is why the accident problem has attracted attention worldwide. Industries are increasing to fulfil basic human needs food, clothing, home, employment or earning and requirements of goods, services and facilities. This brings industrial hazards of various types viz. mechanical,
electrical, noise, vibration, chemical (fire, explosion, radiation, gas, dust, fumes, poisoning etc.) and many visible or invisible health hazards. It is the basic need to protect the human life and environment from all such hazards. Effective controls protect workers from workplace hazards, help avoid injuries, illnesses, and incidents, minimize or eliminate safety and health risks and help employers provide workers with safe and healthful working conditions. Only Risk Assessment can do it.
Ego defense mechanisms, medication adherence and self-management of the patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Fatima Akram  , Mahwesh Arooj Naz
Published: March 2022

Objective: To explore relationship involving Ego Defence Mechanism, Medication Adherence and Self-Management of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Method: The cross-sectional co-relational study was conducted at the Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan, from November 2017 to November 2018, and comprised diabetics aged 25-55 years. Other than demographic information, data was collected using the Urdu versions of the Defense Style Questionnaire, the Medication Adherence Scale, and the Diabetic Self-management Questionnaire.  Data was analysed using SPSS 22.
Results: Of the 150 patients, 75(50%) each were females and males. Mature defence mechanisms, like sublimation, suppression and humour, were significant predictors of self-management (p<0.001), and mature defence mechanism, like sublimation, was a significant predictor of medication adherence (p<0.05). Females were high on neurotic defence mechanism, like pseudo-altruism, compared to the males (p=0.001). 
Conclusion: Medication adherence and self-management were found to be dependent on mature defence mechanisms.
Key Words: Ego defence mechanisms, Medication adherence, Self-management, Immature defences, Mature defences, Neurotic defences. Continuous...
Diagnosis of Breast Cancer by K-Mean Clustering and Otsu Thresholding Segmentation Methods
Authors: KUŞCU Aslı , EROL Halil
Published: March 2022

Breast cancer has increased decidedly among women. But with early diagnosis, a positive response to treatment can be given. Researchers are conducting various studies in imaging methods to detect the disease early and accurately. In this study, 9 cancerous images taken from the TCİA image data bank were detected by K-mean clustering and the Otsu threshold method. Performance metrics were evaluated by comparing them with marked reference images (ground truth) by the radiologist. For the clustering process, TPR (True Positive Rate) 0.89, FPR (False Positive Rate) 0.14, similarity 0.67, accuracy 0.87, sensitivity 0.89, exact hit ratio 0.86, specificity 0.87, F Score 0.87 were found, respectively. For Otsu, TPR (True Positive Rate) 0.84, FPR (False Positive Rate) 0.12, similarity 0.73, accuracy 0.84, sensitivity 0.84, exact hit 0.86, specificity 0.87, F Score 0.84 were calculated. The aim of this study is to determine the tumor boundaries more accurately and to use them in imaging devices in the field of health with pixel-based segmentation. As a result, both methods were successful can be used in the field and close to each other.
Ўзбекистонда ижтимоий шерикликни ривожлантиришнинг айрим ҳуқуқий масалалари
Authors: Нариманов Бекзод
Published: March 2022

Ижтимоий шериклик давлат органларининг нодавлат нотижорат ташкилотлари ва фуқаролик жамиятининг бошқа институтлари билан мамлакатни ижтимоий-иқтисодий ривожлантириш дастурларини, шу жумладан, тармоқ, ҳудудий дастурларни, шунингдек норматив-ҳуқуқий ҳужжатларни ҳамда фуқароларнинг ҳуқуқлари ва қонуний манфаатларига дахлдор бўлган бошқа қарорларни ишлаб чиқиш ҳамда амалга ошириш борасидаги ҳамкорлиги эканлиги аниқланди. Давлат бошқаруви органлари томонидан ижтимоий масалаларни ҳал қилиш учун бюджетдан ташқари маблағлар ҳисобидан бевосита давлат ижтимоий буюртмасини нодавлат нотижорат ташкилотларига бериш бўйича муаммолар ечимини кутаётганлиги таҳлил этилди. Камбағалликни қисқартириш, янги иш ўринларини ташкил этиш каби ижтимоий фойдали лойиҳаларни  манзилли ижтимоий буюртма бериш орқали молиялаштириш амалиётини такомиллаштириш каби таклифлар шакллантирилди.
Дидактик асарларда тасаввуфий мактаб ва таълимот
Authors: Избуллаева Гулчеҳра
Published: March 2022

Ушбу мақолада 13 асрларда Марказий Осиёда тасаввуф мактаби ва таълимотларининг ривожланиши борасида фикр юритилган. Айниқса, Нажмиддин Кубро, Фаридуддин Аттор, Жалолиддин Румий, Азиззиддин Насафий, Ориф Ревгарий каби сўфий файласуфларнинг комил инсон тарбияси ҳақидаги қарашларининг педагогик таҳлили ва бугунги кундаги аҳамияти баён қилинган.
The Influence of Sodium Chloride and Waterlogging Stresses onAlnus cordata
Authors: Percival Glynn C. , Biggs Martin P. , Dixon Geoffrey R.
Published: March 2022

Sodium chloride solutions were applied as a root drench to containerizedAlnus cordatatrees grown in freely drained or waterlogged compost substrates. Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence; cell electrolyte leakage; plant mortality; leaf necrosis; time to bud burst; and leaf, shoot, and root macronutrient concentrations were evaluated. Waterlogging using distilled water caused no significant stress compared to controls, apart from increasing root iron and manganese concentrations. Complete mortality was recorded in trees watered with a sodium chloride solution ≥ 4.5% or waterlogged in sodium chloride solutions ≥ 2%. Watering or waterlogging with distilled water had no,significant effect on mortality, while 66.6% of trees watered with a 2% sodium chloride solution died. Applications of sodium chloride tendėd to increase time to bud burst compared to controls. Irrespective of whether trees were grown in freely drained or waterlogged compost, applications of sodium chloride to roots decreased leaf chlorophyll fluorescence and increased cell electrolyte leakage and leaf necrosis for up to 15 days after bud burst. Significant reductions in chlorophyll fluorescence was detected by day 3 following bud burst; however, significant increases in cell electrolyte leakage and leaf necrosis were not detected until day 6. Applications of sodium chloride significantly increased sodium and chloride concentrations in root, leaf, and shoots irrespective of drainage, with higher concentrations reflecting applications of stronger salt solutions. Calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, and potassium concentrations in cell tissues were unaffected by treatments. Depressed leaf and shoot copper, zinc, and iron concentrations were recorded in trees waterlogged in sodium chloride solutions ≥ 4.5%. Irrespective of treatment, no significant effects on manganese concentrations of leaf and shoot tissue were found, but significantly lower concentrations of manganese were recorded in roots. Greater reductions generally reflected stronger applications of sodium chloride.
Urban Forest Ecology: Conceptual Points of Departure
Authors: Rowntree Rowan
Published: March 2022

The ecological view in urban forestry evolved from diverse roots beginning over 100 years ago and is currently expressed in formal programs of research and practice. Among the most useful concepts in urban forest ecology are structure, function, diversity, dominance, mosaic-gradients, and ecosystems. These concepts assist in understanding changes in ecological states that produce changes in the distribution of benefits and costs. The ecological history of urban forestry provides these concepts as points of departure for two special issues of the Journal of Arboriculture devoted to the Sacramento urban forest ecosystem. Keywords: concepts, ecological history.
The Horsechesnut Leafmining Moth (Cameraria ohridella): A New Pest in Central Europe
Authors: Tomiczek Christian , Krehan Hannes
Published: March 2022

The horsechestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) is one of the most popular shade trees in central Europe. Although it was introduced only 400 years ago from southeast Europe, at least 20,000 horsechestnuts grow in Vienna and its environs. The horsechestnut was a tree species with few health problems (e.g.,Guignardia aesculiAscomycetes) until the leafminerCameraria ohridellawas imported—first to Macedonia and later on to central Europe. The origin, biology, damage, population dynamics, natural limitation factors, economic impact, management options, and control ofC. ohridellaare discussed.
Comparision of Four Foliar and Woody Biomass Estimation Methods Applied to Open-Grown Deciduous Trees
Authors: Peper Paula , McPherson E. Gregory
Published: March 2022

Concern about global climate change and the effects that increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide could have on the earth has risen in recent years. Methods for accurately and efficiently quantifying carbon storage and annual carbon fluxes are needed to determine what role urban forests may have in reducing levels of atmospheric CO2. This will require the development of techniques for estimating foliar and woody biomass of individual trees. In this study, 2 sampling methods and 2 regression formulas for estimating foliar and above-ground woody biomass were tested against the actual above-ground biomass of 8 opengrown deciduous trees (2 species). There was no significant difference between one of the subsampling methods and actual foliar, woody, and total above-ground biomass. There were indications that the method's precision in estimating foliar biomass could be improved by modifying the sampling method.The second sampling method predicted foliar biomass of heavily pruned trees within 8% of actual measurements. For unpruned or lightly pruned trees, one of the regression equations showed no significant difference between estimates of foliar biomass and actual biomass.
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Reduction by Sacramento's Urban Forest
Authors: McPherson E. Gregory
Published: March 2022

Sacramento County's 6 million trees store 8 million tons of CO2 (31 t/ha), and annually sequester 238,000 t (0.92 t/ha). Air-conditioning (157 GWh) and space-heating (145 TJ) savings from the urban forest further reduce emissions by 75,600 t of CO2 annually (0.29 t/ha). These avoided emissions are only 32% of the amount sequestered, due to a clean, hydroelectric energy supply. Annual CO,, release associated with tree maintenance is estimated at 9,400 t (0.04 t/ha), or 3% of the amount sequestered and avoided. In net, the urban forest removes approximately 304,000 t (1.2 t/ha) each year, with an implied value of US$3.3 million ($0.55/tree). Carbon dioxide reduction by Sacramento's urban forest offsets the total amount of COa emitted as a byproduct of human consumption by 1.8%. Most benefits accrue on residential lands in the city and suburban sectors, where rates of storage and sequestration are about one-half those reported for U.S. forests. Guidelines for managing urban forests to reduce atmospheric CO2 are presented.
Air Pollutant Uptake by Sacramento's Urban Forest
Authors: Scott Klaus , McPherson E. Gregory , Simpson James
Published: March 2022

A dry deposition model was employed to estimate air pollutant uptake by Sacramento's urban forest. Assuming 1990 air pollutant concentrations, model simulations estimated that approximately 1,457 metric tons of air pollutant are absorbed annually, at an implied value of US$28.7 million. The growing season daily uptake for ozone was approximately 2.4 metric tons per day, while particulate matter (< 10 u. diameter, PM10) uptake was slightly greater, at 2.7 metric tons per day. Daily uptake of NCX, and particulate matter represented 1 % to 2% of anthropogenic emissions for the county. Estimated growing-season annual air pollutant uptake rates averaged 10.9 kg/(ha land area per yr) for the entire study area, 13.9 kg/(ha land area per yr) for urban areas and 4.2 kg/(ha land area per yr) for rural areas. Pollutant uptake rates decreased with decreasing tree canopy cover, along an urban-to-rural gradient.
An Evaluation of the Residual Activity of Traditional, Safe, and Biological Insecticides Against the Gypsy Moth
Authors: Webb Ralph E. , Peiffer Randy , Fuester Roger W. , Thorpe Kevin W. , Calabrese Louis , McLaughlin Joseph M.
Published: March 2022

We evaluated the direct and the residual efficacy of selected traditional, safer, and biological insecticides that are either registered or are candidates for registration for use by arborists and nurserymen in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs for gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) management in urban settings. The study compared 5 biological insecticide treatments (1Bacillus thuringiensis[Bt] and 4 gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus [NPV] treatments) and 2 reduced-risk insecticides (neem and tebufenozide) against 2 commonly used standard insecticides (diflubenzuron and cyfluthrin). Significant details pertaining to the use of the specific control materials were clarified in support of a decision matrix around which an IPM system can be formulated for use by arborists and nurserymen. The standard insecticides, cyfluthrin and diflubenzuron, and the ecdysone agonist tebufenozide, demonstrated excellent activity against all instars in both a 1 - hour residue study and a 35-day residue study. Bt was clearly more effective against second instar larvae than against fourth instar larvae and lost significant activity against the gypsy moth after 7 days. The efficacy of the neem product was similar to that ofBtin that it controlled younger instars better than it did older instars. Although its speed of action was slower than that ofBt, it remained highly active against gypsy moth 21 days after treatment. NPV without the activity enhancer Blankophor BBH gave significant levels of control for all 4 larval instars fed on 1 -hour residues, although mortality was higher for younger instars than for older instars. Residual effectiveness was significantly reduced after 1 day. The addition of Blankophor BBH to the NPV tank mix led to improved kill in the 1-hour study and to vastly improved residual activity (up to 35 days).
Mycorrhizae of Landscape Trees Produced in Raised Beds and Containers
Authors: Sylvia David , Alagely Abid , Kent Donald , Mecklenburg Roy
Published: March 2022

Mycorrhizal associations provide a linkage between tree roots and the soil, thereby contributing to the tolerance of trees to environmental stresses. Little, however, is known about the mycorrhizal status or dependency of many landscape trees. The objective of this study was to quantify mycorrhizal root colonization and spore formation on a diverse collection of ornamental tree species grown in raised beds or containers at an established tree farm in central Florida. In addition, root diameters were measured to determine if there was a relationship between this parameter and mycorrhizal formation. A total of 23 tree species were sampled; 9 were present both in containers and raised beds, 6 species were present in containers only, and 8 species were present as embedded plants only. The proportion of root length colonized by mycorrhizal fungi ranged from 0% to 83%. Mean arbuscular mycorrhizal spore numbers ranged from <20 to nearly 500 spores 100 g~1 (3.5 oz~1). Mean root diameters ranged from < 500 to > 1,000 \im (0.0197 to 0.0394 in.). No relationship was found between root coarseness and mycorrhizal root colonization or sporulation. The majority of trees formed mycorrhizae of the arbuscular type. Five species in the family Pinaceae or Fagaceae had the potential to form ectomycorrhizae; however, they were poorly colonized. Future research should be directed toward understanding the importance of mycorrhizae to landscape trees, including effects on tree survival and growth and the effect of fertilizer and pesticide applications on mycorrhizal development.
Patterns of Structural Failures in Urban Trees: Coast Live Oak (Quercus Agrifolia)
Authors: Edberg Roger , Berry Alison
Published: March 2022

Data from the California Tree Failure Report Program (CTFRP) were analyzed to develop a profile of the structural failure characteristics for coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia). The most common pattern of structural failure for coast live oak reported in the CTFRP is a root or low trunk failure of a naturally occurring tree growing in a residential site. Decay, site grade changes, and low wind speeds are significantly more frequently associated with coast live oak failures than with other hardwoods, conifers, or eucalyptus. Decay of roots and lower trunk was a major contributing factor to failure of coast live oak (83%). Saturated soil conditions associated with root failure were also more frequent for coast live oak than for other species groups. Careful attention to controlling excess soil moisture, avoiding or correcting grade change and compaction, and monitoring decay are essential to maintain the health of coast live oak.