bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of device detected atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmia with adverse events in patients with an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator
Authors: Abbas Hassan , Younis Arwa , Goldenberg Ilan , McNitt Scott , Aktas Mehmet K. , Tabaja Chadi , Ojo Amole
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Heart failure patients with a history of atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) are known to have worse outcomes. However, there are limited data on the temporal relationship between development of these arrhythmias and the risk of subsequent congestive heart failure (CHF) exacerbation and death.

Methods

The study cohort comprised 5511 patients implanted with an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) in landmark clinical trials (MADIT‐II, MADIT‐RISK, MADIT‐CRT, MADIT‐RIT, and RAID) who were in sinus rhythm at enrollment. Multivariate cox analysis was performed to evaluate the time‐dependent association between development of in‐trial device detected AF and VT/VF with subsequent CHF exacerbation and death.

Results

Multivariate analysis showed that AF occurrence and VT/VF occurrence were both associated with a similar magnitude of risk for subsequent CHF exacerbation (HR = 1.73 and 1.87 respectively, p < .001 for both). In contrast, only in‐trial VT/VF was associated with a significant > two‐fold increase in the risk of subsequent mortality (HR = 2.13, p < .001) whereas AF occurrence was not associated with a significant mortality increase after adjustment for in‐trial VT/VF (HR = 1.36, p = .096).

Conclusion

Our findings from a large cohort of ICD recipients enrolled in landmark clinical trials show that device detected AF and VT/VF can be used to identify patients with increased risk for CHF exacerbation and mortality. These findings suggest a need for early intervention in CHF patients who develop device‐detected atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
YAP/TAZ‐TEAD signalling axis: A new therapeutic target in malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Papavassiliou Kostas A. , Sofianidi Amalia A. , Papavassiliou Athanasios G.
Published: April 2024

The Hippo signalling pathway, a highly conserved signalling cassette, regulates organ size by controlling cell growth, apoptosis and stem cell self‐renewal. The tumourigenic potential of this pathway is largely attributed to the activity of YAP/TAZ, which activate the TEAD1‐4 transcription factors, leading to the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and suppression of cell death. Aberrant regulation of the YAP/TAZ‐TEAD signalling axis is commonly observed in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), an insidious neoplasm of the pleural tissue that lines the chest cavity and covers the lungs with poor prognosis. Given the limited effectiveness of current treatments, targeting the YAP/TAZ‐TEAD signalling cascade has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy in MPM. Several inhibitors of the YAP/TAZ‐TEAD signalling axis are presently undergoing clinical development, with the goal of advancing them to clinical use in the near future.
A literature review and expert consensus statement on diagnostics in suspected metal implant allergy
Authors: Thomas P. , Arenberger P. , Bader R. , Bircher A. J. , Bruze M. , de Graaf N. , Hartmann D. , Johansen J. D. , Jonitz‐Heincke A. , Krenn V. , Kurek M. , Odgaard A. , Rustemeyer T. , Summer B. , Thyssen J. P.
Published: April 2024

Background

Although rare, allergic reactions to metal implants represent a diagnostic challenge in view of missing guidelines.

Objectives

To develop an European expert consensus on characteristics of metal allergy reactions and the utility of various diagnostic tools in suspected metal implant allergy.

Methods

A nominal group technique (NGT) was applied to develop consensus statements. Initially an online literature database was created on a secure server to enable a comprehensive information. Twenty‐three statements were formulated on potential aspects of metal implant allergy with a focus on diagnostics and grouped into five domains. For the consensus development, the panel of 12 experts initially did refine and reformulate those statements that were ambiguous or had unclear wording. By face‐to‐face (9/12) or virtual participation (3/12), an anonymous online voting was performed.

Results

Consensus (≥80% of agreement) was reached in 20/23 statements. The panel agreed that implant allergy despite being rare should be considered in case of persistent unexplained symptoms. It was, however, recommended to allow adequate time for resolution of symptoms associated with healing and integration of an implant. Obtaining questionnaire‐aided standardized medical history and standardized scoring of patient outcomes was also considered an important step by all experts There was broad consensus regarding the utility/performance of patch testing with additional late reading. It was recognized that the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) has to many limitations to be generally recommended. Prior to orthopaedic implant, allergy screening of patients without a history of potential allergy to implant components was not recommended.

Conclusions

Using an expert consensus process, statements concerning allergy diagnostics in suspected metal implant allergy were created. Areas of nonconsensus were identified, stressing uncertainty among the experts around topics such as preoperative testing in assumed allergy, histological correlate of periimplant allergy and in vitro testing, which underscores the need for further research.
Innate lymphoid cell subsets in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Liu Yansheng , Hu Yinan , Li Bo , Su Rui , Han Zheyi , Jin Boquan , Li Ting , Zheng Xiaohong , Han Ying
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by destructive lymphocytic cholangitis and specific anti‐mitochondrial antibodies. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been reported to play a role in liver homeostasis and autoimmunity.

Methods

We evaluated the features of peripheral ILC1s and ILC3 in patients with PBC and hepatic ILC1 and ILC3 in two different PBC mouse models (dominant‐negative transforming growth factor‐beta receptor II [dnTGFβRII] and 2‐octynoic acid‐bovine serum albumin [2OA‐BSA]).

Results

A total of 115 patients and 18 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Decreased circulating ILC1/3s were observed in early‐stage PBC patients, and the numbers of ILC1/3s were negatively correlated with specific parameters and the proportion of T‐helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cells. Reduced numbers of ILC1s were observed in PBC mouse models with different etiologies. ILC1‐deficient mice had more severe hepatic inflammation after inducing the 2OA‐BSA model. Continuous low‐dose injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) reduced ILC1 levels in mice, consistent with the lower level of ILC1s in PBC patients with high LPS (> 50 ng/mL), and aggravated hepatic lymphocyte infiltration.

Conclusion

Patients with PBC had decreased ILC1s, which were negatively correlated with CD4+ T cells. Deficient ILC1 populations led to disease exacerbations in mice. Our results indicated that ILC1s may participate in the pathogenesis of PBC.
Patients with mesothelioma and their carer's experience of diet and appetite: A qualitative insight from the Help‐Meso Study
Authors: Dismore Lorelle L. , Taylor Leah L. , Aujayeb Avinash , Hurst Christopher , Swainston Katherine
Published: April 2024

Background

People living with mesothelioma have a high symptom burden that can affect dietary intake and the development of malnutrition, subsequently impacting on patient‐related and treatment outcomes. The present study aimed to develop a better understanding of the experiences of diet and appetite in people living with mesothelioma and their informal carers.

Methods

Twenty‐three participants took part in semistructured interviews including 12 people living with mesothelioma (10 pleural and 2 peritoneal) aged 56–83 years and 12 informal carers, predominantly their spouses. Open ended questions focussed on experiences of appetite and diet, as well as approaches to maintain adequate food intake. Thematic analysis was applied.

Results

Four themes were generated that included unintentional weight loss and poor appetite during diagnosis and when undergoing medical intervention. Participants managed their appetite and diet by taking each day at a time and this was influenced by the physical and emotional experiences of mesothelioma. The informal carer took on the lead role of managing their relatives' diet and implemented their own nutritional strategies and there were challenges with dietary advice.

Conclusions

Appetite was viewed as a multidimensional experience and was grounded within the biopsychosocial model. The findings offer important insights into opportunities informing the development of effective interventions that provide meaningful benefits for individuals living with mesothelioma and their family.
The systemic‐family‐individual approach: The heritage and continuation of Mara Selvini Palazzoli's work in integrative psychotherapy
Authors: Codecá Luca , Russon Jody , Selvini Matteo
Published: April 2024

Since the birth of family therapy, the Milan approach has been known as a foundational systemic model. Nevertheless, following the dissolution of the Milan group, Mara Selvini, alongside Matteo Selvini, Stefano Cirillo, and Anna Maria Sorrentino, began a new trajectory of clinical development, insufficiently examined within the American panorama. After her death, in 1999, the Selvini group continued to adapt and refine her systemic approach which is known today as the systemic‐family‐individual (SFI) approach. In this article, we delve into the constituents that constitute the SFI approach, elucidating how it furnishes therapists with a structured framework to guide clinical decision‐making and the application of integrated theoretical concepts. Ultimately, the article exemplifies the SFI approach's practical application via a clinical case study, showcasing its efficacious navigation.
Assessments for multi‐heritage couple therapy: A review of existing tools
Authors: McIntosh Doneila L. , Wang Guanyu
Published: April 2024

As diversity in the United States increases, marriage and family therapists are encountering more multi‐heritage couples in therapy. Recent research shows that around 11% of adults are married to someone from a different racial or ethnic group, rising to 19% among new marriages. Multi‐heritage couples encompass inherent differences in race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, national origin, and culture. This article addresses the unique challenges faced by multi‐heritage couples in therapy and explores the strengths and weaknesses of existing assessment tools suitable for their needs. The study highlights a limited number of existing tools that are available for therapists working with multi‐heritage couples. Consequently, the article suggests future directions to enhance the development of assessment tools tailored to the specific needs of multi‐heritage couples.
Estradiol action in the female hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal axis
Authors: Moenter Suzanne M. , Starrett J. Rudolph
Published: April 2024

It has now been about a century since a flurry of discoveries identified first the pituitary, then more specifically the anterior pituitary and soon thereafter the central nervous system as components regulating gonadal and downstream reproductive functions. This was an era of ablation/replacement designs using at first rudimentary and then increasingly pure preparations of gonadal and pituitary “activities” or transplanting actual glands, whole or homogenized, among subjects. There was, of course, controversy as is typical of lively and productive scientific debates to this day. The goals of this commentary are to briefly review the history of this work and how the terms referring to interactions among the components of the hypothalamo (as the central neural component was soon associated with)–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis evolved, and then to question if the current terms used have kept up with our understanding of the system. The focus in this review will be the actions of estradiol primarily upon the hypothalamus. Important actions of progesterone on the hypothalamus as well as both steroids on the pituitary response to hypothalamic factors are both acknowledged and largely ignored in this document, as are any sex differences as we focus on females.
Awake bruxism report in a population of dental students with and without ecological momentary assessment monitorization–A randomised trial
Authors: Dias Ricardo , Lima Rui , Prado Ivana , Colonna Anna , Serra‐Negra Junia Maria , Bracci Alessandro , Manfredini Daniele
Published: April 2024

Objective

The Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) concept was the basis for developing a smartphone application for the real‐time report of awake bruxism (AB) activities. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the EMA with a randomised controlled trial designed to compare the frequency of AB reported in two separate single observation points between a group of students monitored over time with an EMA smartphone application and a non‐EMA monitored group.

Methods

Sixty‐four (N = 64) dental students (22.3 YO [±2.6]; 52F; 12 M) answered the Oral Behaviour Checklist (OBC‐1) and were randomised into an EMA‐group (EG) and control group (CG). EG were monitored with a smartphone application for AB report during seven consecutive days and completed three EMA monitoring periods (EMA‐1, 2 and 3) at one‐month intervals. After the third period (EMA−3), both EG and CG answered again the OBC (OBC–2). Descriptive statistics were performed to characterise the sample. Pearson's chi‐squared test, Fixer Exact test and post hoc Z test with Bonferroni correction were performed. The study hypothesis was that EMA could influence the AB reported by the participants because it implies an increase in the awareness, self‐recognition, and self‐control of bruxism behaviours. The level of significance was set at p < .05.

Result

The percentage of participants who changed the report of the activity of clenching their teeth while awake between OBC‐1 and OBC‐2 was significantly higher among participants in EG, when compared to CG (p = .027). For all other behaviours reported the within‐ and between‐group differences from OBC‐1 to OBC‐2 were not significant. Clenching and bracing were the most frequently reported, whilst grinding was the less frequent behaviour.

Conclusion

A smartphone‐based EMA approach demonstrated be useful to monitor AB over time, increasing individual's awareness, particularly to bracing and clenching behaviours.
Targeted inhibition of autophagy in hepatic stellate cells by hydroxychloroquine: An effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of liver fibrosis
Authors: Hou Li‐Shuang , Zhai Xiao‐Pei , Zhang Yao‐Wen , Xing Jie‐Hua , Li Chen , Zhou Si‐Yuan , Zhu Xiao‐Hong , Zhang Bang‐Le
Published: April 2024

Background and Purpose

Liver fibrosis is a wound‐healing reaction which is the main cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide. The activated hepatic stellate cell (aHSC) is the main driving factor in the development of liver fibrosis. Inhibiting autophagy of aHSC can prevent the progression of liver fibrosis, but inhibiting autophagy of other liver cells has opposite effects. Hence, targeted inhibition of autophagy in aHSC is quite necessary for the treatment of liver fibrosis, which prompts us to explore the targeted delivery system of small molecule autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) that can target aHSC and alleviate the liver fibrosis.

Methods

The delivery system of HCQ@retinol‐liposome nanoparticles (HCQ@ROL‐LNPs) targeting aHSC was constructed by the film dispersion and pH‐gradient method. TGF‐β‐induced HSC activation and thioacetamide (TAA)‐induced liver fibrosis mice model were established, and the targeting ability and therapeutic effect of HCQ@ROL‐LNPs in liver fibrosis were studied subsequently in vitro and in vivo.

Results

HCQ@ROL‐LNPs have good homogeneity and stability. They inhibited the autophagy of aHSC selectively by HCQ and reduced the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and the damage to other liver cells. Compared with the free HCQ and HCQ@LNPs, HCQ@ROL‐LNPs had good targeting ability, showing enhanced therapeutic effect and low toxicity to other organs.

Conclusion

Construction of HCQ@ROL‐LNPs delivery system lays a theoretical and experimental foundation for the treatment of liver fibrosis and promotes the development of clinical therapeutic drugs for liver diseases.
Is dirofilariosis an emerging conservation threat in wild carnivores across the Palearctic?
Authors: Szentiványi Tamara , Garamszegi László Z.
Published: April 2024

Dirofilaria species are mosquito‐borne filarial nematodes, with a high veterinary and public health importance, but growing evidence also indicates their frequent occurrence in wildlife. Wild animals may play an important role in the maintenance, transmission and spread of dirofilariosis, but we have little understanding of the ecological and environmental processes that drive infection dynamics in these hosts. Here, we summarise the current knowledge about the distribution of Dirofilaria spp. across carnivore host species and geographic localities in the Palearctic region. This summary highlights that some of these sylvatic species may be important reservoirs of the pathogen, and identifies research trends and biases in the surveillance and monitoring of this host–parasite system in the wild. Furthermore, we provide directions for future research for a better understanding of the threat these parasites may pose to wild mammals.
Advancing health equity in prelicensure nursing curricula: Findings from a critical review
Authors: Graefe Anna , Mueller Christine , Bane Frizzell Linda , Porta Carolyn M.
Published: April 2024

Nurses play a crucial role in reducing health disparities and advancing health equity for individuals and communities. The future nursing workforce relies on their nursing education to prepare them to promote health equity. Nursing educators prepare students through a variety of andragogical learning strategies in the classroom and in clinical experiences and by intentionally updating and revising curricular content to address knowledge and competency gaps. This critical review aimed to determine the extent to which health equity concepts are explicitly present in prelicensure undergraduate nursing curricula globally. Of 434 articles screened, 22 articles describing 20 studies met inclusion criteria. Frequency and quantity of health equity content, concepts and topics, teaching strategies, evaluation strategies, and the overall extent of integration varied widely. Notably, only two articles described overall well‐integrated explicit health equity content, and there was little attention to whether students transfer this learning into practice. A focus on individualism rather than population and community was noted, highlighting the presence of whiteness in nursing. Results from this review confirm that nursing education has room to improve with respect to health equity in the curricula.
Exploring the dark side of informal mentoring: Experiences of nurses and midwives working in hospital settings in Uganda
Authors: Kakyo Tracy Alexis , Xiao Lily Dongxia , Chamberlain Diane
Published: April 2024

Mentoring literature explores the dark side of mentoring as factors such as gender and race and how they affect the overall mentoring experience. The sociocultural context of the nursing and midwifery professions presents unique characteristics warranting a qualitative exploration of negative mentoring experiences. We aimed to characterise the dark side of mentoring based on informal mentoring relationships occurring among nurses and midwives working in hospitals. Utilising semistructured interviews in a qualitative descriptive design and reflexive thematic analysis, we examined the perceptions of 35 nurses and midwives from three public hospitals located in the Western, Northern and North‐western regions of Uganda. Findings emerged in four overarching themes mentoring process deficits, mentoring relational problems, organisational challenges in mentoring and implications of negative mentoring experiences. Our study findings underscore that, while mentoring is frequently beneficial, it can also be interspersed with negative experiences arising from relational dynamics, particular mentoring processes and the overarching hospital environment. Notably, nurses and midwives actively transformed these challenges into opportunities for growth and self‐improvement, while introspectively examining their roles in contributing to these negative experiences. Such a proactive approach highlights their resilience and steadfast commitment to professional development, even in the face of adversity.
Prevalence of extra‐intestinal symptoms according to irritable bowel syndrome subtype
Authors: Pereyra Facundo , Bustos Fernández Luis María , Schlottmann Francisco , Zamora Rafael , Marconi Agustina , Steinberg Leandro , Pereyra Lisandro
Published: April 2024

Background

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder commonly associated with extra‐intestinal symptoms. However, the prevalence of these symptoms according to IBS subtype is not well established.

Aim

To compare the prevalence of extra‐intestinal symptoms among patients with different subtypes of IBS.

Methods

A descriptive cross‐sectional study including patients with IBS according to Rome IV criteria was performed between July 2022 and April 2023. Patients were classified according their subtype of IBS: IBS‐D (diarrhea‐predominant), IBS‐C (constipation‐predominant), and IBS‐M (mixed bowel habits). Patients completed the IBS severity scoring system questionnaire (IBS‐SSS) to determine severity of IBS symptoms and patient health questionnaire‐ 9 (PHQ‐9) to define presence and severity of depressive symptoms. The prevalence of reported extra‐intestinal symptoms was also assessed and compared between groups.

Key Results

A total of 4862 patients with IBS were included; 608 IBS‐D (12.5%), 1978 IBS‐C (40.7%), and 2276 IBS‐M (46.8%). Patients with IBS‐C had significantly lower IBS‐symptoms severity (mean IBS‐SSS 290 vs. 310 and 320 for IBS‐D and IBS‐M, respectively, p = 0.03). The prevalence of obesity was also significantly lower in these patients (17.1% vs. 30.9% IBS‐D and 27.9% IBS‐M, p = 0.0001). Patients with IBS‐D showed a significantly higher prevalence of food intolerance perception (9.5%, p = 0.03), history of cholecystectomy (17.8%, p = 0.03), and fecal incontinence (36.2%, p = 0.0001) as compared to the other groups. Patients with IBS‐M had significantly higher mean PHQ‐9 score (12.7 vs. 11.1 IBS‐D and 10.5 IBS‐C, p = 0.001) and prevalence of depressive symptoms (80.0%, p = 0.01). Patients with IBS‐M also had higher prevalence of extra‐intestinal symptoms such as arthralgia (62.4%, p = 0.0001), extremity numbness (64.5%, p = 0.0001), atopic dermatitis (28.2%, p = 0.02), and chronic cervicalgia (81.0%, p = 0.01).

Conclusions & Inferences

The prevalence of most extra‐intestinal symptoms is higher among patients with IBS‐M. Further research is needed to better characterize IBS subtypes, which could potentially help refining tailored therapeutic strategies.
Presence and characteristics of disordered eating and orthorexia in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Sultan Nessmah , Foyster Mandy , Tonkovic Matilda , Noon Danielle , Burton‐Murray Helen , Biesiekierski Jessica R. , Tuck Caroline J.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Orthorexia, a harmful obsession with eating healthily, may develop from illnesses characterized by dietary restriction, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and eating disorders (ED). Evidence of disordered eating in IBS exists, but orthorexia has not been assessed. This cross‐sectional study in adults (≥18 years) assessed presence and characteristics of disordered eating and orthorexia in IBS, compared to control subjects (CS) and ED.

Methods

IBS participants met Rome IV, and ED participants met DSM‐5 criteria. Disordered eating was assessed using “sick, control, one‐stone, fat, food” (SCOFF, ≥2 indicating disordered eating), and orthorexia by the eating habits questionnaire (EHQ). Secondary measures included stress (PSS); anxiety (HADS‐A); food‐related quality of life (Fr‐QoL), and dietary intake (CNAQ).

Key Results

In 202 IBS (192 female), 34 ED (34 female), and 109 CS (90 female), more IBS (33%) and ED (47%) scored SCOFF≥2 compared to CS (16%, p < 0.001, chi‐square). IBS and ED had higher orthorexia symptom severity compared to CS (EHQ IBS 82.9 ± 18.1, ED 90.1 ± 19.6, and CS 73.5 ± 16.9, p < 0.001, one‐way ANOVA). IBS and ED did not differ for SCOFF or EHQ (p > 0.05). Those with IBS and disordered eating had higher orthorexia symptom severity (EHQ 78.2 ± 16.6 vs. 92.4 ± 17.5, p < 0.001, independent t‐test), worse symptoms (IBS‐SSS 211.0 ± 78.4 vs. 244.4 ± 62.5, p = 0.008, Mann–Whitney U test), higher stress (p < 0.001, independent t‐test), higher anxiety (p = 0.002, independent t‐test), and worse FR‐QoL (p < 0.001, independent t‐test).

Conclusions and Inferences

Disordered eating and orthorexia symptoms occur frequently in IBS, particularly in those with worse gastrointestinal symptoms, higher stress, and anxiety. Clinicians could consider these characteristics when prescribing dietary therapies.
Climatic Variability and Internal Migration in Asia: Evidence from Big Microdata
Authors: Thiede Brian C. , Robinson Abbie , Gray Clark
Published: April 2024

The effects of climate change on human migration have received widespread attention, driven in part by concerns about potential large‐scale population displacements. Recent studies demonstrate that climate‐migration linkages are often complex, and climatic variability may increase, decrease, or have null effects on migration. However, the use of noncomparable analytic strategies across studies makes it difficult to disentangle substantive variation in climate effects across populations and places from methodological artifacts. We address this gap by using harmonized census and survey microdata from six Asian countries (n = 54,987,838) to measure climate effects on interprovincial migration, overall and among subpopulations defined by age, sex, education, and country of residence. We also evaluate whether climate effects differ according to the distance and type of move. Exposure to precipitation deficits leads to substantively large reductions in out‐migration, and, surprisingly, these overall effects do not vary meaningfully by age, sex, or educational attainment. However, there are significant differences in the strength and direction of temperature and precipitation effects by country and within countries. Multinomial models show that precipitation deficits reduce internal migration to both adjacent and nonadjacent provinces. Finally, consistent with expectations that climate effects operate through economic mechanisms, spells of low precipitation reduce the probability of work‐related moves in the countries where the reason for migration is measured. Our findings provide further evidence that adverse environmental conditions can reduce migration, underlining the need for policymakers to consider how to support both displaced and trapped populations.
Remittances‐Adjusted Support Ratio
Authors: Tohoff Lukas , Landis Daji , Mencarini Letizia , Aassve Arnstein
Published: April 2024

We introduce a new demographic indicator, the remittances‐adjusted support ratio (RASR), which incorporates the support offered through remittances into the existing support ratio (SR). Remittances have increased rapidly in recent decades due to improved technology, and they play a crucial role in the countries that send migrants abroad. This is important as many countries are still undergoing their demographic transitions, and here remittances are particularly relevant. Our formulation of the RASR suggests an alternative in which population pressures are alleviated through migration, but where migrants send remittances and thus provide support without being present in their home countries. We show that the RASR has diverged substantially from the SR in a range of countries during the last three decades. The RASR, therefore, offers new insight into economic and demographic support and constitutes a useful tool for policymakers and researchers in the 21st century.
Unveiling the Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathways in Canine Demodicosis
Authors: Kelly Pamela A. , McHugo Gillian P. , Scaife Caitriona , Peters Susan , Stevenson M. Lynn , McKay Jennifer S. , MacHugh David E. , Saez Irene Lara , Breathnach Rory
Published: April 2024

Canine demodicosis is a prevalent skin disease caused by overpopulation of a commensal species of Demodex mite, yet its precise cause remains unknown. Research suggests that T‐cell exhaustion, increased immunosuppressive cytokines, induction of regulatory T cells and increased expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors may contribute to its pathogenesis. This study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the molecular changes occurring in canine demodicosis using mass spectrometry and pathway enrichment analysis. The results indicate that endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes canine demodicosis through regulation of three linked signalling pathways: eIF2, mTOR, and eIF4 and p70S6K. These pathways are involved in the modulation of Toll‐like receptors, most notably TLR2, and have been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of skin diseases in both dogs and humans. Moreover, these pathways are also implicated in the promotion of immunosuppressive M2 phenotype macrophages. Immunohistochemical analysis, utilising common markers of dendritic cells and macrophages, verified the presence of M2 macrophages in canine demodicosis. The proteomic analysis also identified immunological disease, organismal injury and abnormalities and inflammatory response as the most significant underlying diseases and disorders associated with canine demodicosis. This study demonstrates that Demodex mites, through ER stress, unfolded protein response and M2 macrophages contribute to an immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby assisting in their proliferation.
Molecular pathology of small cell lung cancer: Overview from studies on neuroendocrine differentiation regulated by ASCL1 and Notch signaling
Authors: Ito Takaaki
Published: April 2024

Pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) cells are rare airway epithelial cells. The balance between Achaete‐scute complex homolog 1 (ASCL1) and hairy and enhancer of split 1, one of the target molecules of the Notch signaling pathway, is crucial for NE differentiation. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive lung tumor, characterized by rapid cell proliferation, a high metastatic potential, and the acquisition of resistance to treatment. The subtypes of SCLC are defined by the expression status of NE cell‐lineage transcription factors, such as ASCL1, which roles are supported by SRY‐box 2, insulinoma‐associated protein 1, NK2 homeobox 1, and wingless‐related integration site signaling. This network reinforces NE differentiation and may induce the characteristic morphology and chemosensitivity of SCLC. Notch signaling mediates cell‐fate decisions, resulting in an NE to non‐NE fate switch. The suppression of NE differentiation may change the histological type of SCLC to a non‐SCLC morphology. In SCLC with NE differentiation, Notch signaling is typically inactive and genetically or epigenetically regulated. However, Notch signaling may be activated after chemotherapy, and, in concert with Yes‐associated protein signaling and RE1‐silencing transcription factor, suppresses NE differentiation, producing intratumor heterogeneity and chemoresistance. Accumulated information on the molecular mechanisms of SCLC will contribute to further advances in the control of this recalcitrant cancer.
Diffusional and Biochemical Limitations to Photosynthesis Under Water Deficit for Field‐Grown Cotton
Authors: Parkash Ved , Snider John L. , Virk Gurpreet , Dhillon Kamalpreet Kaur , Lee Joshua M.
Published: April 2024

Water deficit stress limits net photosynthetic rate (AN), but the relative sensitivities of underlying processes such as thylakoid reactions, ATP production, carbon fixation reactions, and carbon loss processes to water deficit stress in field‐grown upland cotton require further exploration. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess (1) the diffusional and biochemical mechanisms associated with water deficit‐induced declines in AN and (2) associations between water deficit‐induced variation in oxidative stress and energy dissipation for field‐grown cotton. Water deficit stress was imposed for three weeks during the peak bloom stage of cotton development, causing significant reductions in leaf water potential and AN. Among diffusional limitations, mesophyll conductance was the major contributor to the AN decline. Several biochemical processes were adversely impacted by water deficit. Among these, electron transport rate and RuBP regeneration were most sensitive to AN‐limiting water deficit. Carbon loss processes (photorespiration and dark respiration) were less sensitive than carbon assimilation, contributing to the water deficit‐induced declines in AN. Increased energy dissipation via non‐photochemical quenching or maintenance of electron flux to photorespiration prevented oxidative stress. Declines in AN were not associated with water deficit‐induced variation in ATP production. It was concluded that diffusional limitations followed by biochemical limitations (ETR and RuBP regeneration) contributed to declines in AN, carbon loss processes partially contributed to the decline in AN, and increased energy dissipation prevented oxidative stress under water deficit in field‐grown cotton.
Exploring the landscape of stem cell extracellular vesicle research for angiogenesis: A bibliometric analysis from 2003 to 2023
Authors: Wang Yuchong , Zhao Changjiang , Guo Rong , Xi Tingting , Xiong Jiachao , Jia Lingling
Published: April 2024

Background

Exosomes and other secretory membrane vesicles are collectively referred to as extracellular vesicles (EVs). Relevant data indicate that stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (SC‐EVs) play a critical role in angiogenesis by transmitting crucial information such as proteins, second messengers, and genetic material between cells. Therefore, this study aimed to map current trends on SC‐EVs for angiogenesis and provide directions for future research to advance this important field.

Methods

We conducted a thorough search for relevant studies on SC‐EVs for angiogenesis from 2003 to 2023 using the Web of Science database. Subsequently, we used VOSviewer and CiteSpace to analyze the collected data.

Results

A total of 2359 relevant publications, which included original articles and reviews, related to the role of SC‐EVs in angiogenesis were screened in this study based on the search strategy. China and the United States were leading in this field, with China having a higher output in terms of publications and citations (1172, 43681). Also, the top five universities were located in China, with Shanghai Jiao Tong University having the highest output. Stem Cell Research & Therapy and International Journal of Molecular Sciences, are prominent platforms for researchers in this field to share their findings and advancements, and they had most of published studies on SC‐EVs for angiogenesis. The results derived from the cluster analysis suggested that future investigations should predominantly prioritize studying the involvement of SC‐EVs in angiogenesis across various diseases, with a specific emphasis on skin wound healing.

Conclusion

In this comprehensive review, global trends in SC‐EVs for angiogenesis were analyzed. The analysis of journals, institutions, references, and keywords could assist researchers in deciding on the direction of research. The role of SC‐EVs in promoting angiogenesis during wound healing and repair represents an emerging research focus.
Bad times keep us together: Policy priorities and economic shocks
Authors: Lipsmeyer Christine S. , Philips Andrew Q. , Rutherford Amanda , Whitten Guy D.
Published: April 2024

Objective

We analyze how economic shocks affect the partisan nature of budgetary trade‐offs and use data from the U.S. Census Annual Survey of Government Finance to illustrate it.

Methods

We propose a compositional approach to model trade‐offs among 10 budgetary categories across both time and space in U.S. states.

Results

We find support for the notion that partisanship drives the allocation of budgetary expenditures. However, during times of negative economic shocks, either within a state or in neighboring states, Democratic and Republican governors have a similar budgetary response.

Conclusions

The results show the effects of economic and political shifts, as well as the implications of spillovers from other states, on partisan decisions about trade‐offs in government budgets.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐B*40:538 allele by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Ji Yongping , Xu Yanna , Zhao Jing , Ma Haiyong , Zhu Faming
Published: April 2024

The HLA‐B*40:538 allele differs from HLA‐B*40:01:02:01 at position 905 C→T in exon 5.
The novel HLA‐DPB1*1500:01N allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Zhu Ning , Xue Wu‐jun , An Lin , Yan Xiao‐fei , Zheng Jin
Published: April 2024

HLA‐DPB1*1500:01N differs from HLA‐DPB1*05:01:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 3.
Non‐brachycephalic dogs with stertor have higher nasopharyngeal collapsibility compared with dogs without stertor and foramen lacerum level is ideal for evaluating nasopharyngeal collapse on dynamic CT
Authors: Noh Daji , Shin Hyun‐guk , Choi Hojung , Lee Youngwon , Lee Kija
Published: April 2024

Stertor, a clinical sign associated with obstructive airway syndrome, is often observed in non‐brachycephalic dogs. This prospective, case‐control study aimed to compare soft palate dimensions, nasopharyngeal cross‐sectional area (CSA), and nasopharyngeal collapsibility at various locations in non‐brachycephalic dogs with and without stertor. A total of 50 dogs were recruited and stratified into control (n = 34) and stertor (n = 13) groups. Static and dynamic computed tomography was conducted without tracheal intubation, and the following variables were calculated: normalized soft palate length and thickness, normalized maximum and minimum nasopharyngeal CSAs (rCSAmax and rCSAmin), and nasopharyngeal collapsibility at the level of the cranial end of the soft palate, pterygoid hamulus, foramen lacerum, bony labyrinth, and caudal end of the soft palate. The stertor group demonstrated significantly lower rCSAmax and rCSAmin, as well as higher nasopharyngeal collapsibility compared with the control group, while no significant differences were noted in the soft palate dimension. Evaluating nasopharyngeal collapse at the foramen lacerum level was recommended due to the clear presence of identifiable bony landmarks and lower overlap in the nasopharyngeal collapsibility between dogs with and without stertor. Physical dimensions of the soft palate may not be the primary contributing factor to nasopharyngeal collapse and clinical signs in non‐brachycephalic dogs.
English in Spain: Education, attitudes and native‐speakerism
Authors: Llurda Enric , Mocanu Vasilica
Published: April 2024

Spain has traditionally featured rather low in the rankings measuring the knowledge of English by European citizens, and yet English has been constantly entering different areas of Spanish life and in all levels of education. This article delves into the efforts made at different levels of education to enable school graduates to communicate in English without difficulty. It focuses on how young people conceptualise English: their attitudes towards the language and to what extent they associate it with Inner Circle countries, or whether instead they see it as a tool for international communication. This discussion is complemented with an analysis of the pervasiveness of ‘native‐speakerism’ in Spanish society, which we claim acts as another handicap to the normalisation of the use of English as a lingua franca by Spanish citizens in multicultural settings within and outside the country.
Regulation of body temperature and blood pressure in women: Mechanisms and implications for heat illness risk
Authors: Giersch Gabrielle E. W. , Charkoudian Nisha
Published: April 2024

Increasing global temperatures due to ongoing climate change phenomena have resulted in increased risk of exertional heat illness in otherwise healthy, young individuals who work or play in the heat. With increasing participation of women in athletic, military and industrial activities that involve exertion in the heat, there is a growing need to study female physiology in this context. Mechanisms controlling blood pressure and body temperature have substantial overlap in humans, largely due to autonomic mechanisms which contribute to both. Similarly, illnesses that result from excessive heat exposure can often be traced back to imbalances in one or more of these autonomic mechanisms. In recent years, there has been increased recognition of the importance of sex as a biological variable for basic and applied research in these areas. The goal of this paper is to present an update on the integrative physiology and pathophysiology of responses to heat stress in women (thermoregulation and blood pressure regulation). In this context, it is often the case that differences between sexes are presented as ‘advantages’ and ‘disadvantages’ of one sex over the other. In our opinion, this is an over‐simplification of the physiology which ignores the nuances and complexities of the integrative physiology of responses to heat exposure and exercise, and their relevance for practical outcomes.
Erosion Wear Analysis on Valve Cage of Cage-Typed Sleeve Control Valve for Coal Liquefaction
Authors: Guan An-qi , Zhong Feng-ping , Qiu Chang , Jin Zhi-jiang , Qian Jin-yuan
Published: April 2024

Cage-typed sleeve control valve (CSCV) is the key basic equipment in direct coal liquefaction projects. The working condition of CSCV has the characteristics of high-pressure difference, high velocity, and high solid content. There is a general issue of liquid–solid two-phase erosion wear in CSCV, which can easily lead to the failure of the internal structure in the valve cage. Therefore, it is necessary to study erosion wear characteristics of internal structures in the valve cage. Considering the real conditions of erosion wear in the valve cage, a simplified T-shaped flow path is designed, and the precision of both the liquid–solid two-phase flow model and the erosion prediction model is validated. The flow characteristics and erosion wear characteristics in the T-shaped flow path under different working conditions are studied. Based on the simulation results of different structural parameters and boundary conditions, the erosion wear of the T-shaped flow path is predicted and calculated by the response surface method. Subsequently, the prediction formula for the maximum erosion rate is derived. The formula enables the swift determination of optimal structural parameters for the flow path, aiming to mitigate damage to the valve caused by erosion wear. This work can quickly predict the erosion wear rate of the key areas in the valve cage, which can provide a certain reference value for the life prediction and structural optimization of CSCV, and it can also benefit the safety and maintenance of the coal liquefaction system.
A Multimodal Importance Sampling Approach for the Probabilistic Safety Assessment of Automated Driver Assistance Systems
Authors: Most Thomas , Rasch Maximilian , Tobe Ubben Paul , Niemeier Roland , Bayer Veit
Published: April 2024

In this article, we present a stochastic approach for the reliability evaluation of specific traffic scenarios as one component in the validation procedure of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). In this analysis, the control device is represented as a simulation model using software-in-the-loop technology. Specific inputs of this simulated controller are modeled as scalar random inputs. Based on a definition of a failure criterion, the well-known reliability method can be applied. In the present article, a variance-reduced importance sampling strategy for multiple failure regions is presented, which was developed for a scenario-based safety assessment framework.
Engineered cell membrane-coated nanoparticles based cancer therapy: A robust weapon against the lethal and challenging hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jiachen , Yu Hongjuan , Li Gang
Published: April 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become an important public health problem, and there are still challenges to overcome in clinical treatment. The nanodrug delivery system (NDDS) has developed tremendously in recent years, and many researchers have explored NDDS for the treatment of HCC. Engineered cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (ECNPs) have emerged, combining the unique functions of cell membranes with the engineering versatility of synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) to effectively deliver therapeutic drugs. It is designed to have the capabilities: specific active targeting, immune evasion, prolonging the circulation blood time, controlled drug release delivery, and reducing drugs systematic toxicity. Thus, ECNPs are a promising bionic tool in the treatment of HCC and have operability to achieve combination and integrated therapy. This review focuses on the mechanism and strategy of ECNPs for the treatment of HCC and summarizes its research progress in the treatment of HCC in recent years.
Disentangling the effects of hearing loss and age on amplitude modulation frequency selectivity
Authors: Regev Jonathan , Relaño-Iborra Helia , Zaar Johannes , Dau Torsten
Published: April 2024

The processing and perception of amplitude modulation (AM) in the auditory system reflect a frequency-selective process, often described as a modulation filterbank. Previous studies on perceptual AM masking reported similar results for older listeners with hearing impairment (HI listeners) and young listeners with normal hearing (NH listeners), suggesting no effects of age or hearing loss on AM frequency selectivity. However, recent evidence has shown that age, independently of hearing loss, adversely affects AM frequency selectivity. Hence, this study aimed to disentangle the effects of hearing loss and age. A simultaneous AM masking paradigm was employed, using a sinusoidal carrier at 2.8 kHz, narrowband noise modulation maskers, and target modulation frequencies of 4, 16, 64, and 128 Hz. The results obtained from young (n = 3, 24–30 years of age) and older (n = 10, 63–77 years of age) HI listeners were compared to previously obtained data from young and older NH listeners. Notably, the HI listeners generally exhibited lower (unmasked) AM detection thresholds and greater AM frequency selectivity than their NH counterparts in both age groups. Overall, the results suggest that age negatively affects AM frequency selectivity for both NH and HI listeners, whereas hearing loss improves AM detection and AM selectivity, likely due to the loss of peripheral compression.
“Don’t Just Speak About It, Be About It”: Rebecca Busanich in Conversation With Shannon Baird on Choosing the Principled Path as a Practitioner
Authors: Busanich Rebecca , Baird Shannon
Published: April 2024

Case Studies in Sport and Exercise Psychology (CSSEP) is committed to showcasing the stories and experiences of practitioners and researchers in sport and exercise psychology, recognizing their importance and contribution to growth and development in our field. In line with this mission, several CSSEP Editorial Board members sought to interview practitioners in the field as a way to highlight their stories and experiences. Dr. Shannon Baird’s story demonstrates the importance of theory-driven knowledge in applied work, the power of passion and self-drive in forging a new path forward, and the relentless pursuit of a principled and purposeful career. In conversation with Dr. Rebecca Busanich, Dr. Baird describes her journey through mental performance consulting in the military and U.S. Special Forces.