bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rohingya Refugee Crisis and Forest Cover Change in Teknaf, Bangladesh
Authors: Hassan Mohammad Mehedy , Smith Audrey Culver , Walker Katherine , Rahman Munshi Khaledur , Southworth Jane
Published: April 2018

Following a targeted campaign of violence by Myanmar military, police, and local militias, more than half a million Rohingya refugees have fled to neighboring Bangladesh since August 2017, joining thousands of others living in overcrowded settlement camps in Teknaf. To accommodate this mass influx of refugees, forestland is razed to build spontaneous settlements, resulting in an enormous threat to wildlife habitats, biodiversity, and entire ecosystems in the region. Although reports indicate that this rapid and vast expansion of refugee camps in Teknaf is causing large scale environmental destruction and degradation of forestlands, no study to date has quantified the camp expansion extent or forest cover loss. Using remotely sensed Sentinel-2A and -2B imagery and a random forest (RF) machine learning algorithm with ground observation data, we quantified the territorial expansion of refugee settlements and resulting degradation of the ecological resources surrounding the three largest concentrations of refugee camps—Kutupalong–Balukhali, Nayapara–Leda and Unchiprang—that developed between pre- and post-August of 2017. Employing RF as an image classification approach for this study with a cross-validation technique, we obtained a high overall classification accuracy of 94.53% and 95.14% for 2016 and 2017 land cover maps, respectively, with overall Kappa statistics of 0.93 and 0.94. The producer and user accuracy for forest cover ranged between 92.98–98.21% and 96.49–92.98%, respectively. Results derived from the thematic maps indicate a substantial expansion of refugee settlements in the three refugee camp study sites, with an increase of 175 to 1530 hectares between 2016 and 2017, and a net growth rate of 774%. The greatest camp expansion is observed in the Kutupalong–Balukhali site, growing from 146 ha to 1365 ha with a net increase of 1219 ha (total growth rate of 835%) in the same time period. While the refugee camps’ occupancy expanded at a rapid rate, this gain mostly occurred by replacing the forested land, degrading the forest cover surrounding the three camps by 2283 ha. Such rapid degradation of forested land has already triggered ecological problems and disturbed wildlife habitats in the area since many of these makeshift resettlement camps were set up in or near corridors for wild elephants, causing the death of several Rohingyas by elephant trampling. Hence, the findings of this study may motivate the Bangladesh government and international humanitarian organizations to develop better plans to protect the ecologically sensitive forested land and wildlife habitats surrounding the refugee camps, enable more informed management of the settlements, and assist in more sustainable resource mobilization for the Rohingya refugees.
Coastal Upwelling Front Detection off Central Chile (36.5–37°S) and Spatio-Temporal Variability of Frontal Characteristics
Authors: Oerder Vera , Bento Joaquim P. , Morales Carmen E. , Hormazabal Samuel , Pizarro Oscar
Published: April 2018

In Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems, cold coastal waters are separated from offshore by a strong cross-shore Sea Surface Temperature (SST) gradient zone. This upwelling front plays a major role for the coastal ecosystem. This paper proposes a method to automatically identify the front and define its main characteristics (position, width, and intensity) from high resolution data. The spatio-temporal variability of the front characteristics is then analyzed in a region off Central Chile (37°S), from 2003 to 2016. The front is defined on daily 1 km-resolution SST maps by isotherm T0 with T0 computed from mean SST with respect to the distance from the coast. The probability of detecting a front, as well as the front width and intensity are driven by coastal wind conditions and increased over the 2007–2016 period compared to the 2003–2006 period. The front position, highly variable, is related to the coastal jet configuration and does not depend on the atmospheric forcing. This study shows an increase by 14% in the probability of detecting a front and also an intensification by 17% of the cross-front SST difference over the last 14 years. No trend was found in the front position.
Building-in-Briefcase: A Rapidly-Deployable Environmental Sensor Suite for the Smart Building
Authors: Weekly Kevin , Jin Ming , Zou Han , Hsu Christopher , Soyza Chris , Bayen Alexandre , Spanos Costas
Published: April 2018

A building’s environment has profound influence on occupant comfort and health. Continuous monitoring of building occupancy and environment is essential to fault detection, intelligent control, and building commissioning. Though many solutions for environmental measuring based on wireless sensor networks exist, they are not easily accessible to households and building owners who may lack time or technical expertise needed to set up a system and get quick and detailed overview of environmental conditions. Building-in-Briefcase (BiB) is a portable sensor network platform that is trivially easy to deploy in any building environment. Once the sensors are distributed, the environmental data is collected and communicated to the BiB router via the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and WiFi technology, which then forwards the data to the central database securely over the internet through a 3G radio. The user, with minimal effort, can access the aggregated data and visualize the trends in real time on the BiB web portal. Paramount to the adoption and continued operation of an indoor sensing platform is battery lifetime. This design has achieved a multi-year lifespan by careful selection of components, an efficient binary communications protocol and data compression. Our BiB sensor is capable of collecting a rich set of environmental parameters, and is expandable to measure others, such as CO 2 . This paper describes the power characteristics of BiB sensors and their occupancy estimation and activity recognition functionality. We have demonstrated large-scale deployment of BiB throughout Singapore. Our vision is that, by monitoring thousands of buildings through BiB, it would provide ample research opportunities and opportunities to identify ways to improve the building environment and energy efficiency.
Attitudes of Undergraduate Students from University–Industry Partnership for Sustainable Development: A Case Study in Macau
Authors: Luo Jian Ming , Chau Ka Yin , Lam Chi Fung , Huang Guo Qiong , Kou Iok Teng
Published: April 2018

Previous studies described in detail many university–industry programs. The purpose of this paper was to develop a multidimensional and multi-item attitude scale to measure undergraduate tourism students’ attitudes towards working in the tourism industry. This study was a quantitative and exploratory research. This paper describes a scale development process and presents the result of the scale using data collected from a university–industry collaboration program in Macau. This study identified five dimensions, i.e., Interpersonal Relationships, Industry–Person Congeniality, Organizational Climate, Working Condition, and Nature of Work, to measure the students’ attitudes. The proposed measurement scale will help evaluate and identify the sustainability of university–industry cooperation partnerships. Furthermore, the scale will help design marketing strategies to promote such programs. This study identified areas to be improved and provides suggestions to HR managers or educators.
Biofuels are (Not) the Future! Legitimation Strategies of Sustainable Ventures in Complex Institutional Environments
Authors: Thompson Neil A.
Published: April 2018

Sustainable ventures often lack legitimacy (perceived to be desirable and appropriate) because various stakeholder groups use contradictory institutions (rules and norms) to make their judgements, which leads to there being fewer resources available and higher failure rates. Using an institutional theory framework and a multi-case research design with 15 biofuel ventures operating in the Netherlands, this study asks how sustainable entrepreneurs attempt to gain legitimacy in these circumstances. Analysis reveals that the entrepreneurs use a combination of rhetorical, reconciliatory and institutional change strategies to obtain legitimacy from different stakeholder groups. These findings further our understanding of sustainable entrepreneurial behavior by revealing how and why different legitimation strategies are used in complex institutional environments.
Symmetry Adaptation of the Rotation-Vibration Theory for Linear Molecules
Authors: Chubb Katy L. , Jensen Per , Yurchenko Sergei N.
Published: April 2018

A numerical application of linear-molecule symmetry properties, described by the D ∞ h point group, is formulated in terms of lower-order symmetry groups D n h with finite n. Character tables and irreducible representation transformation matrices are presented for D n h groups with arbitrary n-values. These groups can subsequently be used in the construction of symmetry-adapted ro-vibrational basis functions for solving the Schrödinger equations of linear molecules. Their implementation into the symmetrisation procedure based on a set of “reduced” vibrational eigenvalue problems with simplified Hamiltonians is used as a practical example. It is shown how the solutions of these eigenvalue problems can also be extended to include the classification of basis-set functions using ℓ, the eigenvalue (in units of ℏ) of the vibrational angular momentum operator L ^ z . This facilitates the symmetry adaptation of the basis set functions in terms of the irreducible representations of D n h . 12 C 2 H 2 is used as an example of a linear molecule of D ∞ h point group symmetry to illustrate the symmetrisation procedure of the variational nuclear motion program Theoretical ROVibrational Energies (TROVE).
Epigenetic Modulation of CD8+ T Cell Function in Lentivirus Infections: A Review
Authors: Nag Mukta , De Paris Kristina , E. Fogle Jonathan
Published: April 2018

CD8+ T cells are critical for controlling viremia during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. These cells produce cytolytic factors and antiviral cytokines that eliminate virally- infected cells. During the chronic phase of HIV infection, CD8+ T cells progressively lose their proliferative capacity and antiviral functions. These dysfunctional cells are unable to clear the productively infected and reactivated cells, representing a roadblock in HIV cure. Therefore, mechanisms to understand CD8+ T cell dysfunction and strategies to boost CD8+ T cell function need to be investigated. Using the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) model for lentiviral persistence, we have demonstrated that CD8+ T cells exhibit epigenetic changes such as DNA demethylation during the course of infection as compared to uninfected cats. We have also demonstrated that lentivirus-activated CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells induce forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) expression in virus-specific CD8+ T cell targets, which binds the interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ promoters in these CD8+ T cells. Finally, we have reported that epigenetic modulation reduces Foxp3 binding to these promoter regions. This review compares and contrasts our current understanding of CD8+ T cell epigenetics and mechanisms of lymphocyte suppression during the course of lentiviral infection for two animal models, FIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV).
Assessment of a Field Tidal Flow Constructed Wetland in Treatment of Swine Wastewater: Life Cycle Approach
Authors: Wang Tong , Liu Ranbin , O’Meara Kate , Mullan Emmet , Zhao Yaqian
Published: April 2018

The spreading of livestock wastewater onto the grassland poses the inevitable risk of pollutants into the surface water or ground water, causing adverse environmental problems. Although the constructed wetlands (CWs) represent a cost-effective treatment system, they fail to achieve satisfactory total nitrogen (TN) removal performance. Dewatered alum sludge (DAS) based CW with tidal flow operation strategy is set up to intensify the TN removal efficiency by creating alternating aerobic and anoxic conditions, which relies on the water pumps instead of air pumps. In the present study, the environmental performance of a four-stage field tidal flow CW system treating swine wastewater was evaluated based on the life cycle assessment (LCA). The contribution of each process in LCA was clarified and compared whereby the potential improvement was indicated for further application. The results showed that the electricity almost dominated all the environmental impact categories while the water pumps (used for creating tidal flow) were the dominant electricity consumer. Moreover, the mitigation effect of vegetation by uptaking CO2 was relatively marginal. Overall, compared with conventional CWs, the tidal flow CW brought about more adverse impact to the environment although the tidal flow could achieve better treatment efficiency.
Modified Septic Tank: Innovative Onsite Wastewater Treatment System
Authors: Abbassi Bassim E. , Abuharb Raihan , Ammary Bashaar , Almanaseer Naser , Kinsley Christopher
Published: April 2018

This research documents two innovative designs of septic tanks used for onsite wastewater treatment. The designs were implemented and tested as part of a research project focused on innovative decentralized wastewater treatment solutions. The modified septic tanks were tested at different hydraulic loading rates for sufficient periods to effectively evaluate their performance. The two systems were designed with successive anaerobic and aerobic chambers and were differentiated between attached and suspended growth. The systems were operated at detention times of 4.3, 3.2, and 2.6 days. High removal of organic load was achieved under all loading criteria in both systems. Effluent BOD5 concentration at lower and higher loading rates were found to be less than 15 and 25 mg/L, respectively, representing a removal rate of more than 95%. Nitrogen was also removed but at a lower rate. The highest TN removal was achieved (59%) in the attached growth system at the lowest loading rate. Although two logs of E. coli removal (99%) were achieved in all systems, E. coli numbers were high enough to necessitate further tertiary treatment. The modified septic tanks proved to be a cost-effective technology with low energy and O&M requirements.
Towards Development of an Optimization Model to Identify Contamination Source in a Water Distribution Network
Authors: Adedoja Oluwaseye , Hamam Yskandar , Khalaf Baset , Sadiku Rotimi
Published: April 2018

Protection of the water system is paramount due to the negative consequences of contaminated water on the public health. Water resources are one of the critical infrastructures that must be preserved from deliberate and accidental attacks. Water qualities are examined at the treatment plant. However, its quality can substantially be contaminated during transportation from the plant to the consumers’ taps. Contamination in water distribution networks (WDNs) is a danger that can have severe consequences on public health as well as an economic and social instability. Water distribution networks are immensely susceptible to deliberate or accidental attacks due to the complex nature of the system. Hence, contamination source identification (CSI) is a topical issue in water distribution systems that require immediate attention of researchers in order to protect mankind from the adverse effect of consuming contaminated water. Usually, a contaminant event can be detected by the water quality monitoring sensors or the contaminant warning system (CWS) installed on the network. Nevertheless, how to derive the source of the contamination from the collected information is a difficult task that must be tackled in order to evaluate the spread of the contamination and for immediate remedial strategies. In the past two decades, considerable efforts and advancement have been made by researchers applying various techniques in order to locate the source of the contamination in WDNs. Each of the techniques has certain limitations and applicability as reported in the literature. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the existing techniques with emphasis on their importance and technical challenges. Despite a series of investigations in this domain, the field is yet to be unified. Hence, open research areas are still available to explore. Consequently, improvement on the existing techniques is necessary and hereby suggested. More importantly, practical application of these techniques offer a major research gap that must be addressed.
Influence of an Extended Domestic Drinking Water System on the Drinking Water Quality
Authors: Zlatanović Ljiljana , Knezev Aleksandra , Van der Hoek Jan Peter , Vreeburg Jan H. G.
Published: April 2018

Drinking water and fire safety are strongly bonded to each other. Actual drinking water demand and fire flows are both delivered through the same network, and are both devoted to public health and safety. In The Netherlands, the discussion about fire flows supplied by the drinking water networks has drawn fire fighters and drinking water companies together, searching for novel approaches to improve public safety. One of these approaches is the application of residential fire sprinkler systems fed by drinking water. This approach has an impact on the layout of domestic drinking water systems (DDWSs), as extra plumbing is required. This study examined the influence of the added plumbing on quality of both fresh and 10 h stagnant water in two full scale DDWSs: a conventional and an extended system. Overnight stagnation was found to promote copper and zinc leaching from pipes in both DDWSs. Microbial numbers and viability in the stagnant water, measured by heterotrophic plate count (HPC), flow cytometry (FCM) and adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), depended on the temperature of fresh water, as increased microbial numbers and viability was measured in both DDWSs when the temperature of fresh water was below the observed tipping point (15 °C for the HPC and 17 °C for the FCM and ATP measurements respectively) and vice versa. A high level of similarity between water and biofilm communities, >98% and >70–94% respectively, indicates that the extension of the DDWS did not affect either the microbial quality of fresh drinking water or the biofilm composition.
Généricité, spécificité et quantification
Authors: De Swart Henriette
Published: April 2018

In many natural-language constructions, a certain interaction is observed between the notions of genericity, specificity and quantifica¬ tion. In this paper we study one of these constructions, namely sentences combinig a definite generic subject with an adverb of quantification (often, always, etc.). Depending on the context, these adverbs have either a temporal or an atemporal reading. Rather than treat the difference between temporal and atemporal uses as an instance of ambiguity, or define the general role of such adverbs as unselective quantifiers over cases, we develop an analysis which takes the temporal reading to represent the basic meaning. The distinction established between episodic and nonepisodic predicates then allows us to explain the atemporal readings as a meaning effect dependent on contextual factors.
Aspect again
Authors: Gebert Lucyna
Published: April 2018

The present paper deals with a model of verbal aspect based on the lexical meaning of the verb, presented in Antinucci and Gebert (1975-76). The definition of the perfective is formulated in terms of illocutionary force bearing on the semantic component change with, as its results, the relative end state. The imperfective aspect, which realizes the meaning of states, is also examined.

These definitions of the two aspects account for the use of the imperfective to express accomplished facts. Stative value is common to the latter case and to the apparently different meanings exhibited by the imperfective, such as progressive / durative and iterative. Recent research in linguistic typology offers strong evidence in favour of the model of verbal aspect articulated fifteen years ago.
Aspect et/ou classes de verbes
Authors: Swiatkowska Marcela
Published: April 2018

A somewhat narrow view of aspect is adopted, reducing it to the perfectivity / imperfectivity oposition. We consider it necessary to distinguish between the semantic and the formal plane. Formally, aspect is limited to a small number of languages, whereas considered from a semantic standpoint it becomes a more general category that can be realized morphologically, syntactically and lexically.

Such an approach allows us to study how aspect is expressed at the level of discourse, where the convergence of meanings carried by the verb lexeme, grammatical morphemes, adverbs and determiners creates a variety of effets de sens. Moreover, this view of aspect imposes a tighter discipline on the characterisation of semantic verb classes based primarily on the concepts of state and event.

Confronting the concept of aspect, understood as the perfectivity/ imperfectivity opposition, with the theory of generic sentences leads us to a conclusion that links generic interpretation with imperfectivity.
La gestion de projets de traduction et sa place dans la formation des traducteurs
Authors: Matis Nancy
Published: April 2018

The project management classes are mainly aimed at training translation project managers. In addition, future translators learn more about their place within a fully fledged project. This article provides a description of the many tasks facing project managers and of the various stages in software and website localization projects. The final part consists of a discussion of the various positions found in project teams.
La traduction de documents XML dans les mémoires de traduction
Authors: Merten Pascaline
Published: April 2018

Cet article reflète notre réflexion, nos analyses et notre expérience pédagogique de l’enseignement des langages de balisage et de leur traduction au moyen des logiciels dits «mémoires de traduction » . Il importe d’abord de définir ce que sont ces langages de balisage et pourquoi il peut être important de les prendre en compte dans l’enseignement de la traduction, tout au moins au niveau d’une spécialisation. Nous rappellerons très brièvement ce que sont les mémoires de traduction, outils bien connus à présent. Nous nous attarderons en revanche sur les problèmes spécifiques qui se posent lorsqu’on veut traduire ce type de documents au moyen d’une mémoire de traduction. La problématique est la même quel que soit l’outil utilisé, mais le traitement varie. Ici, comme toujours, lorsqu’on compare ces outils de traduction assistée, il convient de dépasser les différences d’interfaces pour identifier les différences de fonctionnalités et de traitement. Comme on peut s’y attendre, l’outil idéal combinerait les aspects positifs des différents outils étudiés…
Multilingual Websites. The European Schoolnet’s Approach
Authors: Vandeputte Sophie
Published: April 2018

This paper aims at giving a practical example of how an international organisation (European Schoolnet – EUN) manages multilingual websites. The paper will first describe the organisation itself and its translation resources. It will then analyse the way translations are managed and the system translators use to insert their contents on the Web. Finally, it will compare the main advantages and disadvantages of the system and suggest improvements.
Analyse de la microstructure comme prolégomènes à l’informatisation d’un dictionnaire ancien : le cas particulier des Curiositez françoises (1640) d’Antoine Oudin
Authors: Ducarme Claire
Published: April 2018

Dans cet article, nous mènerons quelques réflexions préalables à la réalisation d’une édition informatisée d’un dictionnaire particulier du 17 e siècle, comportant à la fois des unités simples et des unités phraséologiques : Curiositez françoises pour supplement aux dictionnaires ou Recueil de plusieurs belles proprietez, avec une infinité de Proverbes & Quolibets, pour l’explication de toutes sortes de Livres

(1640) d’Antoine Oudin. Nous nous attacherons, plus particulièrement, à l’analyse de la microstructure qui constitue, à nos yeux, une étape essentielle dans le balisage. Nous montrerons ensuite que toute édition informatisée d’un dictionnaire ancien doit être sous-tendue par une analyse métalexicographique fine. Nous aborderons, plus rapidement, quelques aspects techniques de l’informatisation.
Study on the Pauropoda from Tibet, China. Part I. The genera Decapauropus and Hemipauropus (Myriapoda)
Authors: Qian Chang-Yuan , Bu Yun , Dong Yan , Luan Yun-Xia
Published: April 2018

Three new species of family Pauropodidae: Decapauropusbiconjugarus Qian & Bu, sp. n., D.tibeticus Qian & Bu, sp. n. and Hemipauropusquadrangulus Qian & Bu, sp. n. are described and illustrated from southeastern Tibet, China. The genus Hemipauropus is recorded for the first time from China. This is the second report of pauropods from Tibet.
L’appropriation du capital fixe : une métaphore ?
Authors: Negri Antonio , Polleri Matteo
Published: April 2018

L’auteur revisite ici son intuition de base, qui renverse l’axiome central soumettant le travailleur au capitaliste du fait de la propriété exclusive dont bénéficie celui-ci sur les moyens de production (le capital fixe, l’usine, les machines). En parlant de « réappropriation du capital fixe » par le travailleur de l’âge des réseaux numériques, il précise ici qu’il ne s’agit pas d’une simple métaphore, mais bien d’un axiome véritablement transformateur de nos horizons socio-politiques.
L’hétéromation
Authors: Ekbia Hamid R. , Nardi Bonnie A. , Baudouin Thierry
Published: April 2018

La numérisation de l’économie – comme de la vie quotidienne – a transformé la division du travail entre humains et machines, versant beaucoup de gens dans du travail qui est à la fois caché, mal payé ou accepté comme incombant à « l’usager » de la technologie digitale. À travers clics, balayages, connexions, profils, emails et courriers, nous sommes les participants plus ou moins volontaires à des pratiques digitales dont la valeur profite à d’autres, mais peu ou pas à nous. Hamid Ekbia et Bonnie Nardi nomment hétéromation ce type de participation : l’extraction de valeur économique au moyen de travail pas cher ou gratuit caché sous des apparences d’automation algorithmique. Ils explorent ici les processus sociaux et technologiques par lesquels la valeur est extraite du travail numérisé.
Hawad, le Mage des déserts
Authors: Benachir Bouazza
Published: April 2018

Ce texte sur la poésie de l’Amazigh (i.e. « berbère ») nigérien Hawad (Prix international Argana 2017 de la poésie, Maroc) dissémine, pour la reconfigurer, une épistémologie déterritorialisée des « extrémités de la douleur ». « La douleur d’être déplacés. Déplacés par la force dans le cas des Noirs d’Amérique. On les a arrachés à eux-mêmes. L’ogre, qui avait besoin de leur chair, les a amenés dans son centre, dans son cadre, pour bien les manger. C’est la même chose pour les nomades ». Les dits, les écrits et la peinture d’Hawad donnent à voir le degré atteint par la dépossession tous azimuts des puissances processuelles de la condition amazighe et, par ricochet, de l’Afrique actuelle et de ses diasporas. La poésie d’Hawad arrache les multitudes humaines dites « autochtones » ou « indigènes » à leur réduction « subalternisante ».
Lignes théoriques et iconiques
Authors: Lamarche-Vadel Gaëtane
Published: April 2018

Lignes théoriques, lignes iconiques, lignes poétiques et politiques. Les théoriciens écrivent droit même quand ils pensent de travers, malgré les zigzags de la recherche. Les artistes et les poètes sont tentés par le dépassement et le déplacement des lignes, car ils en éprouvent plus que d’autres la plasticité, même quand elles sont droites. La richesse plastique et sémantique des lignes devient le terreau d’actions artistiques et politiques.
Lignes de fuite du marronnage
Authors: Touam Bona Dénètem
Published: April 2018

À la lumière de l’expérience historique du marronnage, des fuites et résistances créatrices des afro descendants dans les Amériques et les îles de l’Océan indien (Réunion, Maurice, etc.), ce texte tente de dégager les enjeux et les différentes dimensions de l’image-concept du « lyannaj » – une expression issue, à l’origine, du créole des Antilles françaises et du vocabulaire du travail esclave. Le modèle végétal de la liane apparaît ainsi comme une des matrices des cosmopolitiques amérindiennes et marronnes.
Le travail des lignes
Authors: Cocco Giuseppe , Cava Bruno
Published: April 2018

Cet article est à la fois l’aboutissement de quelques lignes de réflexion sur la mondialisation et l’ébauche encore précaire d’un projet plus ambitieux de recherche sur le travail des lignes. La question centrale est celle du travail des lignes. Dans une première partie on discute les lignes mobilisées par Carl Schmitt pour saisir le nomos de la terre. À partir des lignes du souverain, on déplace l’attention sur les lignes non étatiques dessinées par la liberté des mers et la liberté des commerces maritimes. Cela nous amène aux lignes mouvantes de déterritorialisation et de reterritorialisation pour appréhender le nomos obscur qui perce toute sorte de murs, un désert qui se propage à l’intérieur du nomos dominant. Pour terminer, on revient sur les dynamiques de la globalisation pour mettre en son centre non plus les océans d’eaux, mais le novissimo nomos de la terre déterritorialisée qui gouverne les océans d’argent. Les lignes de ce novissimo nomos se dessinent entre l’émergence incontournable de la Chine et le rythme des algorithmes.
Il faut danser, en dansant
Authors: Paterman Brasil Ilana , Anastassakis Zoy , Szaniecki Barbara
Published: April 2018

En cherchant à suivre la vie des lignes, et en les considérant comme des processus de correspondence (Tim Inglod), cet article propose de tisser ces lignes avec quelques autres lancées par Donna Haraway et Isabelle Stengers. Dessins, peintures, films et animations sont quelques-unes des façons avec lesquelles est tentée une anthropologie graphique ou une anthropologie « à travers le design », selon Ingold. Dans cet essai de fabulation spéculative, qui prend appui sur l’œuvre d’Ilana Paterman Brasil et sa rencontre avec Maria Eni Moreira, membre d’un terreiro dans la zone nord de Rio, les lignes sont abordées comme des alliances ou des pratiques de correspondance. L’artiste articule art, design, cinéma, animation et observation participante pour animer les danses traditionnelles de candomblé . Avec ce travail, les auteures revendiquent la possibilité de réaliser d’autres modes de recherche en design, en lien avec l’anthropologie mais aussi en lien avec celles et ceux que l’université a tenu à mettre de côté et oublier.
Relationship Between Foraminal Area and Degenerative Changes in the Lower Cervical Spine With Implications for C5 Nerve Root Palsy
Authors: Abola Matthew V. , Knapik Derrick M. , Hamparsumian Anahid A. , Marcus Randall E. , Liu Raymond W. , Gordon Zachary L.
Published: April 2018

Preoperative foraminal stenosis at C4/5 is a predisposing risk factor for C5 nerve root palsy in elderly patients. However, the area of the C4/5 intervertebral foramen and its relationship to the extent of arthrosis and lower foraminal areas (C5/6 and C6/7) are unknown. The authors sought to compare the areas of the cervical intervertebral foramen at the C4/5, C5/6, and C6/7 levels, noting any differences across race or sex and the relationship between foraminal area and arthrosis grade. A total of 600 cervical foramina from an osseous collection were examined. One hundred specimens between the ages of 60 and 80 years were selected, 50 from each sex and race (white and African American). Foramina were photographed bilaterally at C4/5, C5/6, and C6/7. Vertical height and mid-sagittal width were digitally measured. The degree of arthrosis within each intervertebral foramen was graded by 2 of the authors independently using the Kellgren–Lawrence grading system. Average age of death for specimens was 69.3±5.9 years. The mean foraminal areas at C4/5 (
P
=.001) and C5/6 (
P
<.001) were significantly smaller than at C6/7. Whites had larger foraminal areas than African Americans at C4/5 (
P
=.05) and C6/7 (
P
=.01). Arthrosis grade was found to make a significant contribution to foraminal area at C4/5 (standardized beta=−0.267;
P
<.001), but not at C5/6 or C6/7. A higher grade of arthrosis was associated with a narrower intervertebral foramen at the C4/5 level in osseous specimens from elderly individuals. [
Orthopedics
. 2018; 41(4):e506–e510.]
Pediatric Frontalis Suspension With Braided Polyester: A Comparison of Two Techniques
Authors: Molinari Andrea , Weaver Daniel T. , Goldblum Todd A. , Silbert David , Lopez Sebastian P. , Matta Noelle
Published: April 2018

Purpose:

To demonstrate the benefits of using braided polyester in the management of severe or recurrent ptosis in children and young adults and to compare the efficacy of two surgical techniques.

Methods:

Retrospective, non-randomized record review of 30 patients (43 eyelid procedures) affected by congenital or acquired severe ptosis who underwent frontalis suspension with braided polyester from 2008 to 2016. Two surgical techniques were compared: the base-down triangle and the Fox pentagon, both of which were performed using a closed technique. Functional success was defined as clearing of the visual axis. Complications and results were examined.

Results:

Functional success was obtained in 39 eyes of 43 procedures. Marginal reflex distance increased an average of 2.51 mm with the base-down triangle technique and 1.70 mm with the Fox pentagon technique (
P
= .05). The vertical palpebral fissure height increased an average of 4.60 mm with the base-down triangle technique and 2.45 mm with the Fox pentagon technique (
P
< .001). Mean follow-up duration was 38.6 months. Complications included untied suture (n = 2), suture dehiscence (n = 1), cellulitis (n = 2), and granuloma (n = 1).

Conclusions:

Braided polyester was found to be a safe, effective, easy-to-handle, and low-cost sling material for frontalis suspension and should be considered for clinical use, especially in developing countries where the cost and availability of other materials represents a significant barrier to treatment. In the authors' experience, the base-down triangle technique appeared superior to the Fox pentagon technique.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2018;55(4):229–233.]
Using Facebook for Leveraging Sense of Community in Self-Paced Open and Distance Learning Courses
Authors: Kocdar Serpil , Karadeniz Abdulkadir , Goksel Nil
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a sense of community could be enhanced via learning activities delivered through a Facebook group within a self-paced distance-learning course. A closed Facebook group was created for a voluntary English as a foreign language course. Four types of learning activities were delivered via the Facebook group including both syn-chronous and asynchronous structured activities, and synchronous and asyn-chronous unstructured activities. The study was designed as convergent mixed-method study. Quantitative data were gathered from a total of 179 students by using the Classroom Community Scale; quantitative data were concurrently gathered from 17 students via semi-structured interviews. The results revealed that the sense of community among learners was found to be high, however, the type of learning activities had no effect on building a sense of community. The study was intended to guide teachers, instructors, administrators and practitioners interested in designing and delivering self-paced open and distance learning courses.
Project-oriented Development and Practice of the Machinery Manufacturing Technology Course
Authors: Xaomian Li , Tiejun Wu
Published: April 2018

The traditional teaching of machinery manufacturing technology considers typical parts, such as the axial and box – the teaching carriers and focuses on explaining theoretical knowledge and cultivating the determining process capabilities but does not integrate the processability of the product structure, processing, measurement, or assembly of mechanical parts. This type of teaching is dissociated with the actual production process of mechanical products and does not meet the requirement for students to solve actual problems by using mechanical manufacturing technology. The course development concept of working process systematization was investigated, and the main work positions, typical work tasks, corresponding professional ability requirements of mechanical and equipment enterprises, and course objectives were analyzed. Three learning projects with progressive difficulty and six interrelated tasks were designed on the basis of creating typical mechanical products. Teaching was conducted according to an action-oriented, six-step method to realize the teaching mode of “doing in learning, learning in doing.” The results indicate that students and enterprises recognize the teaching design proposed in this study. The interest of students in learning was evidently increased, and their ability to solve practical production problems through a comprehensive application of professional knowledge was enhanced.
A Fundamentals of Financial Accounting Course Multimedia Teaching System based on Dokeos and BigBlueButton
Authors: Han Wen
Published: April 2018

multi-media technology plays a critical role in modern remote education development, which can make abstract and complicated teaching content more concrete and fully mobilize students’ activity, enrich the teaching resources of remote education, break through the space-time limitation of traditional education, and meanwhile strengthen the interaction of remote education. Currently ordinary remote teaching system based on Dekeos and Bigbluebutton without self-detection function requires for professional personnel’s regular examination and maintenance. It takes long time and large workload, brings inconvenience for schools and teachers in remote education. Meanwhile, it also has the problem of disjoint between teaching and practice. This paper has designed a multimedia teaching system based on Dokeos and BigBlueButton to apply to“Fundamentals of Financial Accounting” course including abundant remote education functions such as recording and replaying, desk sharing, video session, PPT presentation. Student condition online inspection device of remote education based on decision-making tree has solved the problem existing in current remote teaching system that it cannot automatically inspect device, thus to further optimize the process of remote education.
A unique new species of halophilous water strider of the genus Aquarius Schellenberg (Hemiptera: Gerridae: Gerrinae) endemic to Omura Bay, Nagasaki, Japan
Authors: Yasunaga Tomohide , Asanabe Haruka , Hirano Akiko , Momosaka Hitomi , Nagashima Tetsuya , Hayashi Masami
Published: April 2018

A new species of halophilous water strider, Aquarius haliplous Yasunaga, Asanabe, and Nagashima new species (Hemiptera: Gerridae: Gerrinae), is diagnosed and described. This species is endemic to Omura Bay, Nagasaki, southwestern Japan, and has a unique adaptation to this mixohaline habitat. Based on unique morphology and ecology both in the adult and immature forms, this new Aquarius Schellenberg species can be separated unequivocally from a similar species inhabiting freshwater, A. paludum (Fabricius). A key is provided to facilitate identification of the Japanese species and subspecies of Aquarius.
The ITIM Domain–Containing NK Receptor Ly49Q Impacts Pulmonary Infection by Mediating Neutrophil Functions
Authors: Margraf Andreas , Volmering Stephanie , Skupski Jennifer , Van Marck Veerle , Makrigiannis Andrew P. , Block Helena , Zarbock Alexander
Published: April 2018

Pulmonary infection is a frequent pathology associated with excessive neutrophil infiltration. Ly49Q, an ITIM domain–bearing receptor expressed on different leukocytes, has been recently reported to impact neutrophil migration and polarization. Utilizing a murine model of Klebsiella pneumoniae–induced pulmonary infection in combination with additional in vivo and in vitro assays, we show that Ly49Q is critically involved in different steps of the leukocyte adhesion cascade. Ly49Q deficiency is associated with a reduced rolling velocity, impaired crawling capacity, and diminished transmigration. We show that overactivation of the neutrophil β2 integrins Mac-1 and LFA-1 is responsible for increased adhesion and reduced neutrophil transmigration, resulting in a strongly impaired immune defense against pulmonary infection. Structure function analysis in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that different domains of Ly49Q are important for its function. In summary, Ly49Q regulates integrin activation and neutrophil recruitment and is required for an adequate immune response in pulmonary infection.
IgG Immunocomplexes Sensitize Human Monocytes for Inflammatory Hyperactivity via Transcriptomic and Epigenetic Reprogramming in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Zhong Qiao , Gong Fang-Yuan , Gong Zheng , Hua Sheng-Hao , Zeng Ke-Qin , Gao Xiao-Ming
Published: April 2018

Prevalence of circulating immunocomplexes (ICs) strongly correlates with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in humans. Deposits of IgG-ICs are abundant in affected joints of patients, yet molecular mechanisms for the pathogenic roles of such ICs are not fully understood. In this study, we present evidence that IgG-ICs precipitated from RA sera sensitized human monocytes for a long-lasting inflammatory functional state, characterized by a strong TNF-α response to cellular proteins representing damage-associated molecular patterns and microbe-derived pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Importantly, plate-coated human IgG (a mimic of deposited IC without Ag restriction) exhibited a similarly robust ability of monocyte sensitization in vitro. The plate-coated human IgG–induced functional programming is accompanied by transcriptomic and epigenetic modification of various inflammatory cytokines and negative regulator genes. Moreover, macrophages freshly isolated from synovia of patients with RA, but not sera-negative arthropathy, displayed a signature gene expression profile highly similar to that of IC-sensitized human monocytes, indicative of historical priming events by IgG-ICs in vivo. Thus, the ability of IgG-ICs to drive sustainable functional sensitization/reprogramming of monocytes and macrophages toward inflammation may render them key players in the development of RA.
Clinical and prognostic significance of muscle biopsy in sarcoidosis
Authors: Yanardag Halil , Tetikkurt Cuneyt , Bilir Muammer
Published: April 2018

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of muscle involvement on the clinical features, prognostic outcome, extrapulmonary organ, and endobronchial involvement in sarcoidosis patients. The second aim was to assess the diagnostic yield of muscle biopsy for the histopathologic identification of sarcoidosis. Â Fifty sarcoidosis patients participated in the study. The patients were classified into two groups according to the histopathologic presence of non-caseating granulomatous inflammatory pattern of the muscle biopsy samples and were evaluated retrospectively in regard to clinical features, prognosis, extrapulmonary, and endobronchial disease involvement. Pathologic examination of the muscle biopsy samples revealed non-caseating granulomas in eighteen and myositis in seven patients compatible with sarcoidosis. The diagnostic yield of muscle biopsy for demonstrating non-caseating granulomatous inflammation was fifty percent. Patients with muscle sarcoidosis showed a worse prognosis and a more severe extrapulmonary organ involvement than the patients without muscle disease. Muscle biopsy was not statistically significant to delineate diffuse endobronchial involvement while it was suggestive for endobronchial disease clinically. The results of our study reveal that muscle biopsy appears to be a useful diagnostic tool along with its safety and easy clinical applicability. It is a rewarding utility to predict the prognostic outcome and extrapulmonary involvement in sarcoidosis patients. Positive biopsy on the other hand confirms the identification of sarcoidosis in patients with single organ involvement carrying an equivocal diagnostic clinical pattern. Muscle biopsy may be considered as the initial step for the final diagnosis of sarcoidosis in such cases.
Zechariah the model priest: Luke and the characterisation of ordinary priests in Luke-Acts
Authors: Ndekha Louis W.
Published: April 2018

This article argues that Luke’s characterisation of Zechariah and the other ordinary priests in Acts 6:7 represents the most striking characterisation of the priesthood in the Gospels. This positive depiction, seen against the generally stereotypical image of chief priests in the Gospels, makes Zechariah’s image that of a model priest. Such characterisation demonstrates that despite Jewish hostility towards early Christianity, not all Jewish priests were against early Christianity. Through this, the article presents a fascinating and obscure dimension of the Jewish priesthood and, therefore, helps uncover the hidden voices in the gospels’ representation of Jewish priesthood.
Declínio da Autoridade e seus Eeitos no Campo Escolar: Uma Perspectiva Psicanalítica
Authors: Calzavara Maria Gláucia Pires , Rodrigues Bianca Ferreira , Pontes Samira , Do Carmo Luiz Diego Sacramento , De Pádua Maria Luiza Guimarães
Published: April 2018

Buscamos, neste artigo, investigar como a escola vem sofrendo os efeitos da contemporaneidade no que se refere ao declínio das figuras de autoridade. Esta investigação se deu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas com professores que lecionam nas séries do ensino fundamental I de uma escola do interior de Minas Gerais. As principais questões colocadas pelos professores foram as dificuldades em assumir o papel de autoridade, o currículo escolar defasado, a necessidade de um professor apoio/recuperador, a função apaziguadora do diagnóstico do aluno “problema” e a participação das famílias no processo educativo. Ao considerarmos tais questões pela perspectiva psicanalítica, o relato de professores que se sentem desautorizados evidenciao não saber fazer diante do mal-estar da atualidade, revelando, assim, a posição daquele que não se inscreve e poderá não se inscrever frente à inconsistência da autoridade. Sabemos que no campo psicanalítico transmite-se um saber fazer frente ao que não se sabe, ao que escapa ao sujeito. Desse modo, a proposta de interlocução da psicanálise e da educação não se dá pela via da restauração da autoridade pelo autoritarismo, muito próprio à educação tradicional, mas pelo exercício de uma função que visa preservar a hiância própria ao impossível do campo da educação.