bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ЕКОЛОГІЧНИХ ТА АГРОРЕКРЕАЦІЙНИХ ПОСЕЛЕНЬ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЇХ РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: Муха Т. О.  , Шулик В. В.
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the study of existing ecological settlements with agro-recreational function in domestic and foreign practice, which are an integral part of recreational areas and are in interaction with all components of the recreational environment.In modern conditions, urbanization has become more global. Growth of settlements, increasing the proportion of urban population, as well as the emergence of more complex networks and systems of cities - has led to an expansion of the habitats of the urban environment and their qualitative changes.Agri-environmental use in modern conditions of sustainable development should ensure not only ecological food products for the population, but also guarantee the ecological development of the agro- industrial complex at the economic and urban levels, without prejudice to the natural environment.The solution of the problem in general is to create agro-recreational ecological settlements for their inclusion in recreational systems, by creating agrarian landscapes, using the main recreational resources of urban and rural areas such as climate, microclimate, relief, surrounding landscapes, etc.
CITRUS SCAB IN GEORGIA
Authors: Mziuri Gabaidze  , Guram Memarne  , Neli Khalvashi
Published: September 2020

Citrus yield is significantly reduced with the help of various pathogenic fungus. Elsinoe fawcetii Bitancourk De Jenk=Sphaceloma fawcetii Jenk differ by their nature of disseminating and harmfulness.
НАШ ОПЫТ ВЕДЕНИЯ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ГЕМОДИНАМИЧЕСКИ ЗНАЧИМЫМ ОТКРЫТЫМ АРТЕРИАЛЬНЫМ ПРОТОКОМ В СОЧЕТАНИИ С ВТОРИЧНЫМ ДЕФЕКТОМ МЕЖПРЕДСЕРДНОЙ ПЕРЕГОРОДКИ ПОГРАНИЧНЫХ РАЗМЕРОВ
Authors: Куликова Д. А.  , Сафонова И. Н.  , Бучнева О. В.
Published: September 2020

The article presents the experience of determining the type of surgical treatment with a combination of border-line PDA and IIASD. A multifactorial analysis of clinical, instrumental, and intraoperative data was carried out, and an integrated approach for the selection of a treatment strategy was defined. As a result of the performed study, reliable data of ultrasound examination for determination of hemodynamic predominance of one of the heart defects are presented.
THE INFLUENCE OF COPTISINE BISULFATE ON THE EVOLUTION OF ACUTE TOXIC HEPATITIS
Authors: Peredelcu Rodica  , Gonciar Veaceslav  , Scutari Corina  , Cazacu Vasile
Published: September 2020

In the experiments made on white rats was studied the influence of coptisine bisulfate, alkaloid extracted from Chelidonium majus, in the following doses: 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg on acute toxic hepatitis cause by carbon tetrachloride. It was established that the researched substance reduced hepatic cytolysis and cholestasis through reestablishment of the transaminases activity and lactate dehydrogenase, while lowering the alkaline phosphatase/alanine aminotransferase ratio and modulated the deflection of the metabolic parameters of acute toxic hepatitis. Coptisine bisulfate corrected the carbon tetrachloride caused hypoproteinemia when administered for 7 days and normalized the albumin level at 14th day of treatment of acute toxic hepatitis.
ПРОБЛЕМИ ЗАБРУДНЕННЯ ВОДНИХ РЕСУРСІВ. ЕКОЛОГІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Захарова С. О.  , Архіпова К. К.
Published: September 2020

In the context of global crises generated by the technogenic civilization, and, above all, modern ecological crises, the most important today is the issue of further development of human activity, which will, firstly, be aimed at preventing a global ecological catastrophe, preserving the balance of modern civilization with its modified nature, and secondly, the cardinal measures to correct the existing ecological situation.The article deals with innovative directions of sewage treatment, the principles of a closed cycle of water resources use, the status of water objects in Ukraine and, partly, in the Zaporozhye region. Ukraine, along with the developed countries of the world, is on the way to ecologization of life. The measures taken and those decisions that take time to implement them are aimed at achieving non-waste processes in industry and utilities, the application of innovative technologies for the purification and recycling of human waste, in particular sewage.
АСПЕКТИ ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО ЕСТЕТИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ СТУДЕНТІВ МЕДИЧНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ
Authors: Бойчук Віра Богданівна
Published: September 2020

The article talks about the problem of student aesthetic education as a component of modern medical education. The survey of students at the Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University illustrated the role students assign to the aesthetic education in their personal and professional growth as well as their estimate of pedagogical effect on the development of aesthetic culture.
СТРАТЕГІЇ МЕТАКОГНІТІВНОГО РОЗВИТКУ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ПРИРОДНИЧИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН
Authors: Плющ В. М.  , Бохан Ю. В.  , Форостовська Т. О.
Published: September 2020

The article discusses studies of the student’s metacognition. The scientific approaches which are characterized reflect the problem of the research. The article attempts to define the place of the students in the pedagogical process and to identify the role of metakognitsy as a factor of success in vocational training.Metacognitive knowledge, covering knowledge of a subject, knowledge about the subject and about its cognition, about oneself and once own development in this process, is the most effective with relation to cognitive and personal development of a student.The paper states that the formation of metacognitive skills in future teacher’s does not occur spontaneously, but requires the specific program - metacognitive training. Conclusion is made that the development of metacognitive abilities of students in the learning process provides control and prediction of their intellectual and creative activity. It is assumed that entering metacognitive stance will allow students to overcome the difficulties of their development and manage their own resources.
ASPECTE DIN ISTORIA STUDIULUI COMUNICĂRII HISTORY OF COMMUNICATION STUDY
Authors: Silvia Nastasiu
Published: September 2020

This paper is a research on the history of communication study, which began and continues to develop as a field of interference in social and human disciplines. The term of communication has long been used. Studies on this domain are relatively modern, and all of them were related with controversy and syncope of semantic and paradigmatic origin. We would like to draw the attention, from many perspectives, on the progress and diversity of the theoretical approaches related to the communication process. These criteria have, over time, influenced the quality and impact of studies on this phenomenon, as well as its prolificacy in many research fields, with relevant praxiological reverberations.
STATUS OF THE KYPCHAK LANGUAGE IN MAMLUK EGYPT: LANGUAGE - BARRIER OR LANGUAGE - CONTACT?
Authors: Gulnar Nadirova  , Bayan Jubatova  , Kunduzay Aubakirova  , Nazym Konkabayeva
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the study is to determine the status of the Kypchak language in the political, social and intellectual history of Egypt during the period of Mamluks’ rule.To clarify the situation, we have made an overview of the few primary and secondary sources that deal with the functioning of the Turks’ language and the analysis of its role and place in the Egyptian medieval society from the historical, religious and cultural positions. Metaphorically, the Kypchak language was the barrier language separating the social group of former slaves from the local population of Egypt and providing the right to a special position, up to the possibility of occupying the highest office of power. It also helped not to dissolve in a much larger society of Egyptians and to maintain the identity, the main component of which it was. However, the dominance of the military caste of the Mamluks did not engender language conflicts in medieval Egypt. Despite the cultural differences between the social groups - the Turkic military elite and the bulk of the Egyptian population, the devaluation of local dialects and languages has not occurred. Moreover, the Mamluk rulers have even strengthened the status of the Classical Arabic by their strong support of the material and spiritual Islamic culture and infrastructure. However, the Kypchak language did not lose its positions remaining the language of communication not only of the Turks but also of the Türkicized Caucasian and Mongolian ethnic groups.We believe that the study of the language of the medieval Turkic world can be more productive if we include an interdisciplinary approach to the methodology of its study and not only Eastern but European sources as well.
Review of Anaesthesia and Analgesia in Patients with COVID-19 in Brazil
Authors: de Oliveira Makson Gleydson Brito , de Melo Mônica Santos , Nogueira Júlia Ferreira , Andrade dos Santos Lucas Vinicius , Bettamio de Sousa Luis Claudio , Nascimento Santana Raiane , Severo da Silva Weslly Jonas , de Souza Silva Wictor Hugo , de Oliveira Makson Gleydson Brito
Published: September 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19), produced by SARS-CoV-2, remains a challenge for
modern medicine and a global health problem. For every 100 patients with COVID-19, about 20 need
hospital care. In addition, some patients will be intubated and others under mechanical ventilation.
Therefore, it is necessary to use drugs as a sedative and analgesic purpose, mainly. Thus, this study brings
a survey on the drugs that can be used for the management of patients with COVID-19 in cases of intubation
and mechanical ventilation in Brazil. In this paper, we will report the classes of anaesthetic and analgesic
drugs. Highlighting the clinical indications for use, pharmacological characteristics of each drug in terms of
doses, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and possible side effects and, in addition, peculiarities of drugs
related to use in patients with COVID-19, when possible.
Wilkie’s Syndrome: Case Report
Authors: Schraibman Vladimir , Schraibman Vladimir , Epstein Marina , Maccapani Gabriel , Milan Sapuppo Franco , Fernandes Marilia
Published: September 2020

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome (known as Wilkie's syndrome) is a rare cause of upper
gastrointestinal obstruction. A 34-year-old woman presented with nonspecific symptoms of postprandial
fullness and important weight loss. After screening for other pathologies, it was diagnosed Wilkie’s
syndrome. Within this case it was briefly reviewed the diagnostic study and treatment options including a
description of the selected approach, a robotic duodenojejunostomy.
New and rare mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae, Putoidae) from Eastern Anatolia (Turkey)
Authors: Kaydan M.B. , Kozár F.
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to determine the species of mealybugs (Pseudococcidae and Putoidae) found in five provinces (Ağrı, Bitlis, Hakkari, Iğdır and Van) in Eastern Anatolia, (Turkey). Species of the families Pseudococcidae and Putoidae were collected from natural and cultivated plants between 2005 and 2008. New locality and host plant data are given for all species. In total, 60 species of Pseudococcidae in 16 genera and two species of the genus Puto Signoret, 1875 were found, including 25 new species records for the Turkish fauna, namely: Atrococcus arakelianae (Ter-Grigorian, 1964,), A. cracens Williams, 1962, Coccura circumscripta (Kiritchenko, 1963), Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell), Fonscolombia europaea (Newstead, 1897), Heliococcus glacialis (Newstead, 1900), Metadenopus festucaeŠulc, 1931, Mirococcopsis ammophila Bazarov & Nurmamatov, 1975, M. avetianae Ter-Grigorian, 1964, M. subalpina (Danzig, 1985), M. teberdae (Danzig, 1985), Phenacoccus angustatus Borchsenius, 1949, P. eurotiae Danzig, 1975, P. incertus (Kiritshenko, 1940), P. kokandicus Nurmamatov, 1986, P. persimplex Borchsenius, 1949, P. querculus (Borchsenius, 1949), P. prope schmelevi Bazarov, 1980, P. strigosus Borchsenius, 1949, Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana, 1902), Puto megriensis (Borchsenius, 1948), Ripersiella parva (Danzig, 1985), R. petiti (Goux, 1941), R. poltavae (Laing, 1929) and Spilococcus vashlovanicus Danzig, 1998. A new mealybug species, Phenacoccus chatakicus sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on adult females.
SOSIALISASI PENYUSUNAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN AKUNTANSI BAGI USAHA KELOMPOK INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA KECAMATAN LANDASAN ULIN KOTA BANJARBARU
Authors: Candra Heru Kartika , Iryanie Emy , Heldalina Heldalina , Wulandari Phaureula Artha
Published: September 2020

Dalam pelaksanaan pemberdayaan UKM, Dinas Koperasi memiliki program kerja salah satunya yaitu menjalin kerjasama/mitra kerja dengan pihak luar sebagai support bidang keahlian yang berbasis Teknologi Informasi.  Salah satu pihak luar yang dapat melakukan kerjasama yaitu Perguruan Tinggi dalam hal ini Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin.Sebagai bentuk kepedulian terhadap pengembangan  masyarakat, Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin dalam hal ini diwakili oleh Program Studi Komputerisasi sebagai lembaga pendidikan  merasa perlunya ikut serta memberikan pemikiran, pelatihan dan penerapan keilmuan yang berbasis Akuntansi yang dirasa diperlukan oleh sebuah organisasi yang beracuan bisnis seperti halnya UKM.

Permasalahan utama terdapat pada segi administrasi keuangan.  Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat pada Program Kemitraan Masyarakat bagi Mitra Kedai Unyui yang akan dilaksanakan melalui Program Peningkatan Kemampuan pengembangan sumber daya manusia dalam memahami dan memanfaatkan pengetahuan dibidang Akuntansi, sehingga diharapkan nantinya setiap anggota UKM khususnya UKM Kedai Unyui tidak hanya bisa memahami pengetahuan akuntansi sebagai dasar pengetahuan administrasi keuangan namun dapat merancang dan membuat pelaporan akuntansi sesuai kebutuhan UKM masing-masing.

Materi-materi yang akan diberikan dalam pelatihan bagi anggota UKM meliputi beberapa strategi dalam mengkonstruksi identitas mereka. Jones (1990) menyatakan rangkuman dari lima strategi dalam konstruksi presentasi diri yang diperoleh dari eksperimen terhadap situasi interpersonal:Ingratiation, Competence, Intimidation, Exemplification dan Supplication. Materi-materi tersebut diberikan berdasarkan hasil analisis kebutuhan terhadap anggota UKM.

Hasil yang telah dicapai pada kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini yaitu pemahaman tentang teori akuntansi dasar dalam melaksanakan proses administrasi yang benar dan tepat sasaran sesuai dengann bidang yang dijalankan pihak UMKM yaitu pelaksanaan dan pengembangan usaha bisnis.  Selain itu para peserta telah diberikan pelatihan bagaimana membuat laporan keuangan sederhana sesuai dengan transaksi yang terjadi pada saat pelaksanaan bisnis.
PENGEMBANGAN DAN PELATIHAN PENGGUNAAN E-LEARNING PADA MTS MUHAMMADIYAH 3 AL-FURQON BANJARMASIN
Authors: Priyo Pamungkas Kun Nursyaiful , Riadi Joni , Hastuti Ida , Indrasary Yoenie
Published: September 2020

Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di MTS Muhammadiyah 3 Al-Furqon Banjarmasin. Berdasarkan survey lapangan, di MTS Muhammadiyah 3 Al-Furqon Banjarmasin untuk proses kegiatan belajar mengajar sepenuhnya menggunakan metode manual dan belum memiliki e-learning sekolah. Pemanfaatan metode manual sepenuhnya tersebut dapat ditingkatkan dengan penambahan e-learning sebagai sarana kegiatan belajar mengajar yang efektif. E-learning yang dibangun guna mengakomodasi guru dalam memberikan kebutuhan belajar pada siswa.  Kebutuhan belajar tersebut seperti bahan belajar yang dapat diakses kapan saja dan dimana saja, efisien dalam penyimpanan bahan ajar dan tugas, dan praktis pada penggunaannya. Target yang hendak dicapai dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah agar sekolah dapat memiliki e-learning sekolah untuk mengakomodasi guru dalam manajemen kebutuhan belajar dan mempermudah kegiatan belajar mengajar antara guru dan siswa. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini diharapkan bermanfaat guna warga sekolah dapat mengakses bahan ajar dengan mudah, efisien serta dapat dilakukan kapanpun dan dimanapun mereka berada tanpa mengenal jarak dan waktu.
MENINGKATKAN SERVICE QUALITY MANAGEMENT USAHA LAUNDRY DENGAN SISTEM APLIKASI ONLINE
Authors: Padli Padli , Muhammad Said , Shintia Novi , Maharani Sari Hepy
Published: September 2020

Kebutuhan pasar akan jasa cuci baju terutama di kota-kota besar akan selalu ada. Bisnis laundry  adalah bisnis yang menjanjikan, namun sayangnya manajemen dalam bisnis ini banyak yang masih belum maksimal karena dikelola oleh individu secara manual. Kendala yang seringkali dihadapi dalam bisnis ini adalah laporan keuangan, manajemen operasional serta manajemen layanan pelanggan. Pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk membangan sistem aplikasi laundry berbasis web dan sms gateway yang memungkinkan pemilik mengelola laundry darimana saja serta berinteraksi dengan pelanggan. Pelatihan tentang penggunaan aplikasi ini juga diberikan kepada para karyawan laundry untuk membantu mereka dalam menggunakan aplikasi laundry sebagai tools dalam pekerjaan mereka sehari-hari. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah terbukti bahwa aplikasi laundry dapat membantu meningkatkan manajemen usaha laundry secara keseluruhan serta meningkatkan daya saing bisnis tersebut karena adanya sentuhan teknologi yang semakin bervariasi dan unik membuat persaingan bisnis laundry makin inovatif.
PENDAMPINGAN PENERAPAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INOVATIF BERBASIS E-LEARNING UNTUK PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI PADA GURU SMA N 1 ANJIR PASAR
Authors: Karyadiputra Erfan , Ibrahim Ibrahim , Kumala Sari
Published: September 2020

The majority of teachers at Anjir 1 Public High School Market are skilled in using technology devices such as smartphones and computers. Supported by computer laboratory facilities and internet access in schools so that teachers should be able to make maximum use of these facilities in addition to learning support media as well as supporting the improvement of teacher competencies as professional educators. This community service activity aims to provide edmodo social media-based e-learning training that is very practical and easier to use for beginners so that in addition to the teacher having knowledge of e-learning as well as having the skills to support the learning process without limited space and time. The method used was in the form of an introduction to Edmodo's e-learning as well as the creation of an Edmodo account, followed by training in making digital exam questions using the Edmodo quiz facility involving students of Anjir Pasar 1 Public High School. The results of the activity found that the teacher can make digital exam questions with various types of questions such as true false, short answer, fill in the blank, multiple choice and matching.

Keywords: edmodo, e-learning, teacher, quiz
COACHING PROSES PEMBENTUKAN KOPERASI SYARIAH DAN PENYUSUNAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Ainun Basyirah , Handayani Lusiana , Sadewa Manik Mutiara , Andriani Andriani
Published: September 2020

Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir terdapat beberapa koperasi yang beroperasi secara konvensional melakukan kajian untuk beroperasi sesuai syariah. Mereka bermaksud untuk melakukan transisi operasional dari koperasi konvensional menjadi koperasi yang berprinsip syariah. Proses transisi ini bagi pengurus koperasi bukan sesuatu yang mudah. Ada beberapa alasan yang mendasarinya seperti pengurus belum memahami bagaimana proses legalisasi koperasi agar mendapatkan ijin usaha berbasis syariah, belum memahami bagaimana membuat AD/ART, dan bagaimana membuat laporan keuangan sederhana untuk koperasi syariah. Untuk mengatasi beberapa kendala tersebut dilakukan  pendampingan secara kontinyu untuk memulai proses transisi ke koperasi yang berprinsip syariah. Model yang digunakan sebagai contoh dalam kegiatan ini adalah Koperasi Syariah Madani yang telah memiliki sistem organisasi yang lebih memadai dan telah diakui oleh Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM. Pengabdian Masyarakat ini dilaksanakan dalam beberapa tahapan mulai dari pendampingan pengurusan aspek legalitas, penyusunan sistem akuntansi pokok, pembuatan laporan keuangan sederhana untuk koperasi syariah, dan pelaporan serta aspek lainnya yang terkait. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat ini diharapkan dapat membantu pengelola koperasi dalam menjalankan kegiatan operasionalnya serta meningkatkan kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap koperasi syariah. Pihak koperasi mitra sangat terbantu dengan kegiatan ini dan pada pertengahan tahun 2019 mereka telah melakukan Rapat Anggota Tahunan dan menyepakati beberapa hal terkait manajemen pengelolaan koperasi berbasis syariah dengan memulai melakukan pengurusan legalitas koperasi.

Kata kunci: Legalitas, Sistem Akuntansi, Laporan Keuangan, Koperasi Syariah
Peningkatan Keterampilan Remaja Dengan Pelatihan Perbaikan PC Untuk Siswa SMKN2 Banjarmasin
Authors: Hasbi Muhammad , Murdjani Murdjani , Gufrans Achmad , Heka Akbar Ela
Published: September 2020

Computers have been widely used in the community, because computers can ease human work. To operate it, you need special knowledge about computers to be able to run it properly. Although computers make human work easier, computers can also be damaged or error. Only some people can repair computers like computer technicians. Therefore, on this occasion we had the opportunity to provide training on how to assemble computers and repair them. With expertise in assembling and repairing computers, the community can also open up jobs that would certainly have a positive impact on the surrounding community.

Computer users / Personal Computers (PC) have been found in various circles, one of them is SMKN2 students. But many computer uses (PC) do not know how to repair a computer in case of damage, not to mention a few technicians or computer experts who can be easily found. Because of this, damage to the computer will be a difficult problem to deal with. Although there are very few technicians that we can find, repairing or servicing computers requires quite expensive costs. On this occasion, we intend to hold community service in the form of PC technician training (Personal Computer) for SMA/SMK students who aim to provide understanding and skills in making repairs, assembling, and upgrading PCs with community service programs in the form of this training. Besides this training is not limited to the provision of theory, but combined with practice so that not only knowledge is given, but the skills and creativity that are honed in this training. Outcomes of this training are skills training services and publications in national service journals.
The Association Between Anemia of Chronic Inflammation and Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias
Authors: Andreev Alexander , Erdinc Burak , Shivaraj Kiran , Schmutz Julia , Levochkina Olga , Bhowmik Dhrity , Farag Fady , Money Kelli M. , Primavera Louis H. , Gotlieb Vladimir , Sahni Sonu
Published: September 2020

Background:

Dementia is a spectrum of neurological diseases characterized by memory impairment and cognitive decline with the pathogenesis and effective management remaining elusive. Several studies have identified a correlation between anemia and Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD); however, anemia subtypes and association with ADRD have yet to be studied conclusively.

Objective:

To study an association between ADRD and anemia of chronic inflammation.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective case-control study of the patients, diagnosed with ADRD at Brookdale Hospital. Pair-wise comparisons between means of controls and cases in terms of iron studies and laboratory results were performed using a Mann–Whitney U test. Pair-wise comparisons between anemia subgroups (moderate and severe) were performed using a Two Sample proportion Z-Test, where for each couple of normally distributed population.

Results:

There was a total of 4,517 (1,274 ADRD group; 3,243 Control group) patients. There was significant difference in hemoglobin 10.15 versus 11.04 [ p-value <0.001]. Iron studies showed a significant difference in ferritin 395±488.18 versus 263±1023.4 [ p < 0.001], total iron binding capacity 225±84.08 versus 266±82.30 [ p < 0.001] and serum iron level 64±39.34 versus 53±41.83 [ p < 0.001]. Folic acid and vitamin B12 levels were normal in both groups. Severe and moderate anemia in the ADRD group were respectively 6.2% [95% CI: 4.2–8.4] and 13% [95% CI: 9.8–16.2] higher. Overall, incidence of moderate-to-severe anemia was found to be 19% higher in ADRD group [95% CI: 15.8–22.1].

Conclusion:

We demonstrated an association between ADRD and anemia of chronic inflammation independent of age, renal function, and HgbA1C levels.
The ‘silver-lining’ of youth future in the new normal: Describing a new generation
Authors: Ahmed Dunya , Buheji Mohamed , Almutawwa Wala
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: While everything around us, especially the future of our youth generation, seems to be going wrong, there is always a ‘silver-lining’ that need to be discovered. Life has taught us always that with every major negative event, we have lots of positive opportunities that need to be discovered. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to explore the new normal post-COVID-19 pandemic generation perspectives. METHODS: In this paper, the outcome of a global study of youth perception about their future in the post-COVID-19 pandemic is carried out and discussed in details. RESULTS: The results of the study help to foresight the type of the coming youth generation in the new normal and address their challenges and requirements in the new normal. The paper results lead to understanding what ways COVID-19 have affected and changed their life as a youth. The results show what shape the vision of youth toward. CONCLUSION: The outcome of this international youth-focused study opens lots of insights for youth leaders, youth-focused government planners, education experts to see what type of programs, schemes, strategies, the curriculum need to be established in their communities based on the areas of strength and the areas of weakness that need to be addressed. More studies are advised in this line to complement the generalisation of this work. The main implication of this paper is that it brings new perspectives on how youth see hope in the new normal, and this might help to establish Inter-generational Dialogue that mitigates the state of uncertainty. The other implication of this research is that set direction for governments towards youth needs in the new normal.
Immune-Related Hub Genes and the Competitive Endogenous RNA Network in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Xu Hui , Jia Jianping
Published: September 2020

Background:

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involves various immune-related phenomena; however, the mechanisms underlying these immune phenomena and the potential hub genes involved therein are unclear. An understanding of AD-related immune hub genes and regulatory mechanisms would help develop new immunotherapeutic targets.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to explore the hub genes and the mechanisms underlying the regulation of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in immune-related phenomena in AD pathogenesis.

Methods:

We used the GSE48350 data set from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and identified AD immune-related differentially expressed RNAs (DERNAs). We constructed protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks for differentially expressed mRNAs and determined the degree for screening hub genes. By determining Pearson’s correlation coefficient and using StarBase, DIANA-LncBase, and Human MicroRNA Disease Database (HMDD), the AD immune-related ceRNA network was generated. Furthermore, we assessed the upregulated and downregulated ceRNA subnetworks to identify key lncRNAs.

Results:

In total, 552 AD immune-related DERNAs were obtained. Twenty hub genes, including PIK3R1, B2M, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB1, PIK3CA, APP, CDC42, PPBP, C3AR1, HRAS, PTAFR, RAB37, FYN, PSMD1, ACTR10, HLA-E, ARRB2, GGH, ALDOA, and VAMP2 were identified on PPI network analysis. Furthermore, upon microRNAs (miRNAs) inhibition, we identified LINC00836 and DCTN1-AS1 as key lncRNAs regulating the aforementioned hub genes.

Conclusion:

AD-related immune hub genes include B2M, FYN, PIK3R1, and PIK3CA, and lncRNAs LINC00836 and DCTN1-AS1 potentially contribute to AD immune-related phenomena by regulating AD-related hub genes.
Real-World Treatment Patterns and Characteristics Among Patients with Agitation and Dementia in the United States: Findings from a Large, Observational, Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Aigbogun Myrlene Sanon , Cloutier Martin , Gauthier-Loiselle Marjolaine , Guerin Annie , Ladouceur Martin , Baker Ross A. , Grundman Michael , Duffy Ruth A. , Hartry Ann , Gwin Keva , Fillit Howard
Published: September 2020

Background:

Few studies have examined patient characteristics and treatment patterns among patients with dementia and agitation in the United States (US).

Objective:

To examine real-world treatment patterns and characteristics of patients with agitation related to dementia who were treated with antipsychotics in US residential care and community-based settings.

Methods:

This retrospective chart review collected US physician-level data from patients 55 to 90 years old initiated on an antipsychotic medication for the treatment of agitation related to dementia from January 2018 to May 2018. Clinical characteristics and treatment patterns were assessed overall and stratified by residential care and community-based settings.

Results:

A total of 313 participating physicians, 59.5% of whom were primary care physicians, abstracted 801 patient charts (residential care: n = 312; community-based: n = 489). Of patients with agitation who were initiated on an antipsychotic, most patients (74.5%) were initiated within 3 months of the onset of their studied agitation episode, and 62.8% experienced multiple agitation episodes before initiation. While non-pharmacological therapies are recommended first-line approach for agitation in dementia, use of non-pharmacological therapy before initiation of antipsychotics was reported for only 37.8% of patients in residential care and 21.3% in community-based settings.

Conclusion:

Most patients were initiated on an antipsychotic treatment after multiple episodes of agitation and largely without initial non-pharmacological therapy, suggesting that current treatment guideline recommendations for first-line non-pharmacological intervention may not be adequately followed in clinical practice. Understanding the clinical burden and treatment patterns among dementia patients with agitation is imperative for effective disease management.
Brainstem Volumetric Integrity in Preclinical and Prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Dutt Shubir ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Li Yanrong , Mather Mara , Nation Daniel A.
Published: September 2020

Background: Neuropathological studies have suggested the tau pathology observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) originates in brainstem nuclei, but no studies to date have quantified brainstem volumes in clinical populations with biomarker-confirmed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia due to AD or determined the value of brainstem volumetrics in predicting dementia. Objective: The present study examined whether MRI-based brainstem volumes differ among cognitively normal older adults and those with MCI or dementia due to AD and whether preclinical brainstem volumes predict future progression to dementia. Methods: Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants (N = 1,629) underwent baseline MRI scanning with variable clinical follow-up (6–120 months). Region of interest and voxel-based morphometric methods assessed brainstem volume differences among cognitively normal (n = 814), MCI (n = 542), and AD (n = 273) participants, as well as subsets of cerebrospinal fluid biomarker-confirmed MCI (n = 203) and AD (n = 160) participants. Results: MCI and AD cases showed smaller midbrain volumes relative to cognitively normal participants when normalizing to whole brainstem volume, and showed smaller midbrain, locus coeruleus, pons, and whole brainstem volumes when normalizing to total intracranial volume. Cognitively normal individuals who later progressed to AD dementia diagnosis exhibited smaller baseline midbrain volumes than individuals who did not develop dementia, and voxel-wise analyses revealed specific volumetric reduction of the locus coeruleus. Conclusion: Findings are consistent with neuropathological observations of early AD-related pathology in brainstem nuclei and further suggest the clinical relevance of brainstem substructural volumes in preclinical and prodromal AD.
Metabolic and Neurocognitive Changes Following Lifestyle Modification: Examination of Biomarkers from the ENLIGHTEN Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Smith Patrick J. , Mabe Stephanie M. , Sherwood Andrew , Doraiswamy P. Murali , Welsh-Bohmer Kathleen A. , Burke James R. , Kraus William E. , Lin Pao-Hwa , Browndyke Jeffrey N. , Babyak Michael A. , Hinderliter Alan L. , Blumenthal James A.
Published: September 2020

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that aerobic exercise (AE) and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet can improve neurocognition. However, the mechanisms by which lifestyle improves neurocognition have not been widely studied. We examined the associations between changes in metabolic, neurotrophic, and inflammatory biomarkers with executive functioning among participants from the Exercise and Nutritional Interventions for Neurocognitive Health Enhancement (ENLIGHTEN) trial. Objective: To examine the association between changes in metabolic function and neurocognition among older adults with cognitive impairment, but without dementia (CIND) participating in a comprehensive lifestyle intervention. Methods: ENLIGHTEN participants were randomized using a 2×2 factorial design to receive AE, DASH, both AE+DASH, or a health education control condition (HE) for six months. Metabolic biomarkers included insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment [HOMA-IR]), leptin, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1); neurotrophic biomarkers included brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); and inflammatory biomarkers included interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP). Results: Participants included 132 sedentary older adults (mean age = 65 [SD = 7]) with CIND. Results demonstrated that both AE (d = 0.48, p = 0.015) and DASH improved metabolic function (d = 0.37, p = 0.039), without comparable improvements in neurotrophic or inflammatory biomarkers. Greater improvements in metabolic function, including reduced HOMA-IR (B = –2.3 [–4.3, –0.2], p = 0.033) and increased IGF-1 (B = 3.4 [1.2, 5.7], p = 0.004), associated with increases in Executive Function. Conclusion: Changes in neurocognition after lifestyle modification are associated with improved metabolic function.
Traumatic Injury Reduces Amyloid Plaque Burden in the Transgenic 5xFAD Alzheimer’s Mouse Spinal Cord
Authors: Chu Tak-Ho , Cummins Karen , Stys Peter K.
Published: September 2020

Background:

Axonal injury has been implicated in the development of amyloid-β in experimental brain injuries and clinical cases. The anatomy of the spinal cord provides a tractable model for examining the effects of trauma on amyloid deposition.

Objective:

Our goal was to examine the effects of axonal injury on plaque formation and clearance using wild type and 5xFAD transgenic Alzheimer’s disease mice.

Methods:

We contused the spinal cord at the T12 spinal level at 10 weeks, an age at which no amyloid plaques spontaneously accumulate in 5xFAD mice. We then explored plaque clearance by impacting spinal cords in 27-week-old 5xFAD mice where amyloid deposition is already well established. We also examined the cellular expression of one of the most prominent amyloid-β degradation enzymes, neprilysin, at the lesion site.

Results:

No plaques were found in wild type animals at any time points examined. Injury in 5xFAD prevented plaque deposition rostral and caudal to the lesion when the cords were examined at 2 and 4 months after the impact, whereas age-matched naïve 5xFAD mice showed extensive amyloid plaque deposition. A massive reduction in the number of plaques around the lesion was found as early as 7 days after the impact, preceded by neprilysin upregulation in astrocytes at 3 days after injury. At 7 days after injury, the majority of amyloid was found inside microglia/macrophages.

Conclusion:

These observations suggest that the efficient amyloid clearance after injury in the cord may be driven by the orchestrated efforts of astroglial and immune cells.
Cognitive Impairment and Associated Factors in Rural Elderly in North China
Authors: Wang Jing , Xiao Lily Dongxia , Wang Kai , Luo Yan , Li Xiaomei
Published: September 2020

Background:

China has the largest population living with dementia globally and urban-rural differences are significant in prevalence, risk factors, and health resources. Epidemiologic studies on cognitive impairment in rural areas are limited in China and other low- and middle-income countries.

Objective:

This study investigated cognitive impairment and associated factors in rural elderly aged 65 years and over in China.

Methods:

In total, 1,250 participants from ten villages in North China were recruited from June to September, 2017. Face-to-face structured interviews were conducted for data collection. The interviews included socio-demographic information, health status, and psychological assessments. Cognitive function was assessed using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination. A multivariate logistic regression model with backward method was employed to identify factors associated with cognitive impairment.

Results:

The positive rate of cognitive impairment among rural Chinese elderly aged 65 years and older was 42.9% (95% CI, 40.1–45.6). No significant differences were found in cognitive impairment by age or gender before the age of 75 years. Older age, lack of formal school education, reliance on the basic living allowance as the only income source, poor hearing and vision function, diabetes, and activities of daily living dependence were associated with higher rate of cognitive impairment, while tea consumption and fatty liver disease were associated with lower cognitive impairment rate.

Conclusion:

A very high percentage of rural elderly in China had cognitive impairment. Education programs and prevention interventions targeting modifiable risk factors among high-risk populations should be developed through collective efforts involving all stakeholders.
An Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Vaccine Targeting Oligomeric Amyloid-β1
Authors: Song Ge , Yang Haiqiang , Shen Ning , Pham Phillip , Brown Breanna , Lin Xiaoyang , Hong Yuzhu , Sinu Paul , Cai Jianfeng , Li Xiaopeng , Leon Michael , Gordon Marcia N. , Morgan David , Zhang Sai , Cao Chuanhai
Published: September 2020

Background: Aging is considered the most important risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent research supports the theory that immunotherapy targeting the “oligomeric” forms of amyloid-β (Aβ) may halt the progression of AD. However, previous clinical trial of the vaccine against Aβ, called AN1792, was suspended due to cases of meningoencephalitis in patients. Objective: To develop a peptide sensitized dendritic cells (DCs) vaccine that would target oligomer Aβ and prevent an autoimmune response. Methods: Double transgenic APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (Tg) and C57BL/6J control mice were used in this study. Cytokine expression profile detection, characterization of antisera, brain GSK-3β, LC3 expression, and spatial working memory testing before and post-vaccination were obtained. Results: Epitope prediction indicated that E22W42 could generate 13 new T cell epitopes which can strengthen immunity in aged subjects and silence several T cell epitopes of the wild type Aβ. The silenced T cell epitope could help avoid the autoimmune response that was seen in some patients of the AN-1792 vaccine. The E22W42 not only helped sensitize bone marrow-derived DCs for the development of an oligomeric Aβ-specific antibody, but also delayed memory impairment in the APP/PS1 mouse model. Most importantly, this E22W42 peptide will not alter the DC’s natural immunomodulatory properties. Conclusion: The E22W42 vaccine is possibly safer for patients with impaired immune systems. Since there is increasing evidence that oligomeric form of Aβ are the toxic species to neurons, the E22W42 antibody’s specificity for these “oligomeric” Aβ species could provide the opportunity to produce some clinical benefits in AD subjects.
Increased Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentration of ZnT3 Is Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Enache Daniela , Pereira Joana B. , Jelic Vesna , Winblad Bengt , Nilsson Per , Aarsland Dag , Bereczki Erika
Published: September 2020

Background:

Cognitive deficits arising in the course of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and Parkinson’s disease with dementia (PDD) are directly linked to synaptic loss. Postmortem studies suggest that zinc transporter protein 3 (ZnT3), AMPA glutamate receptor 3 (GluA3), and Dynamin1 are associated with cognitive decline in AD and Lewy body dementia patients.

Objective:

We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of ZnT3, GluA3, and Dynamin 1 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with dementia due to AD, DLB, and PDD compared to cognitively normal subjective cognitive decline (SCD) patients in a retrospective study. In addition, we assessed the relationship between synaptic markers and age, sex, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms as well as CSF amyloid, phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and total tau (T-tau).

Methods:

Commercially available ELISA immunoassay was used to measure the levels of proteins in a total of 97 CSF samples from AD (N = 24), PDD (N = 18), DLB (N = 27), and SCD (N = 28) patients. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).

Results:

We found a significant increase in the concentrations of ZnT3, GluA3, and Dynamin1 in AD ( p = 0.002) and of ZnT3 and Dynamin 1 in DLB ( p = 0.001, p = 0.002) when compared to SCD patients. Changes in ZnT3 concentrations correlated with MMSE scores in AD ( p = 0.011), and with depressive symptoms in SCD ( p = 0.041).

Conclusion:

We found alteration of CSF levels of synaptic proteins in AD, PDD, and DLB. Our results reveal distinct changes in CSF concentrations of ZnT3 that could reflect cognitive impairment in AD with implications for future prognostic and diagnostic marker development.
Anticoagulants for Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Grossmann Klaus
Published: September 2020

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial syndrome with a plethora of progressive, degenerative changes in the brain parenchyma, but also in the cerebrovascular and hemostatic system. A therapeutic approach for AD is reviewed, which is focused on the role of amyloid–β protein (Aβ) and fibrin in triggering intra-brain vascular dysfunction and connected, cognitive decline. It is proposed that direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) counteract Aβ-induced pathological alterations in cerebral blood vessels early in AD, a condition, known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). By inhibiting thrombin for fibrin formation, anticoagulants can prevent accumulations of proinflammatory thrombin and fibrin, and deposition of degradation-resistant, Aβ-containing fibrin clots. These fibrin–Aβ clots are found in brain parenchyma between neuron cells, and in and around cerebral blood vessels in areas of CAA, leading to decreased cerebral blood flow. Consequently, anticoagulant treatment could reduce hypoperfusion and restricted supply of brain tissue with oxygen and nutrients. Concomitantly, hypoperfusion-enhanced neurodegenerative processes, such as progressive Aβ accumulation via synthesis and reduced perivascular clearance, neuroinflammation, and synapse and neuron cell loss, could be mitigated. Given full cerebral perfusion and reduced Aβ- and fibrin-accumulating and inflammatory milieu, anticoagulants could be able to decrease vascular-driven progression in neurodegenerative and cognitive changes, present in AD, when treated early, therapeutically, or prophylactically.
Can Alzheimer’s Disease Be Prevented? First Evidence from Spinal Stimulation Efficacy on Executive Functions
Authors: Pisano Francesca , Caltagirone Carlo , Satriano Federica , Perri Roberta , Fadda Lucia , Marangolo Paola
Published: September 2020

Background: Recently, a growing body of evidence has shown that, from the early stage of impairment, Alzheimer’s patients (AD) present difficulties on a variety of tasks mostly relying on executive functions. These strongly impact their daily life activities causing a severe loss of independency and autonomy. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of transpinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) combined with cognitive trainings for improving attentional and executive function abilities in a group of AD patients. Methods: In a randomized-double blind design, sixteen AD patients underwent different cognitive trainings combined with tsDCS. During the treatment, each subject received tsDCS (20 min, 2 mA) over the thoracic vertebrae (IX-X vertebrae) in two different conditions: 1) anodal, and 2) sham while performing three computerized tasks: alertness, selective attention, and executive functions. Each experimental condition was run in ten consecutive daily sessions over two weeks. Results: After anodal tsDCS, a greater improvement in executive functions compared to sham condition was found. More importantly, the follow-up testing revealed that these effects lasted over 1 month after the intervention and generalized to the different neuropsychological tests administered before, after the treatment and at one month after the end of the intervention. This generalization was present also in the attentional domain. Conclusion: This evidence emphasizes, for the first time, that tsDCS combined with cognitive training results efficacious for AD patients. We hypothesize that enhancing activity into the spinal sensorimotor pathways through stimulation improved cognitive abilities which rely on premotor activity, such as attention and executive functions.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Older People with Cognitive Impairment: EQ-5D-3L Measurement Properties
Authors: Pérez-Ros Pilar , Vila-Candel Rafael , Martin-Utrilla Salvador , Martínez-Arnau Francisco M.
Published: September 2020

Background: Assessing quality of life (QoL) in older people with cognitive impairment is a challenge. There is no consensus on the best tool, but a short, user-friendly scale is advised. Objective: This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the self-reported and generic EQ-5D (including the EQ index and EQ visual analog scale [VAS]) in community-dwelling older adults with cognitive impairment. Methods: Cross-sectional study analyzing the feasibility, acceptability, reliability, and validity of the EQ-5D based on 188 self-administered questionnaires in a sample of community-dwelling older adults with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores of 10 to 24 points. Results: The EQ index was 0.69 (±0.27) and the EQ VAS was 63.8 (±28.54). Adequate measurement properties were found in acceptability and feasibility. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.69. Good validity was observed in the correlation of each dimension of the EQ-5D with geriatric assessment scales. Higher validity was observed for the EQ index compared to the EQ VAS. Conclusion: The EQ-5D scale could be a good tool for assessing health-related QoL in community-dwelling older adults with cognitive impairment, though it is necessary to assess the dimensions and the EQ index.