bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-Adhesion Surface Evaluation on an Airfoil in the NRC AIWT
Authors: Clark Catherine , Kietzig Anne-Marie , Golovin Kevin , Song Naiheng
Published: June 2023

The performance of low-adhesion surfaces in a realistic, in-flight icing environment with supercooled liquid droplets is evaluated using a NACA 0018 airfoil in the National Research Council of Canada Altitude Icing Wind Tunnel. This project was completed in collaboration with McGill University, the University of Toronto and the NRC Aerospace Manufacturing Technologies Centre in March 2022. Each collaborator used significantly different methods to produce low-adhesion surface treatments. The goal of the research program was to demonstrate if the low-adhesion surfaces reduced the energy required to de-ice or anti-ice an airfoil in an in-flight icing environment. Each collaborator had been developing their own low-adhesion surfaces, using bench tests in cold rooms and a spin rig in the wind tunnel to evaluate their performance. The most promising surface treatments were selected for testing on the airfoil. The de-icing and anti-icing performance of the low-adhesion surfaces was compared to that of a bare aluminum leading edge using a heated-air piccolo tube ice protection system. Overall, the surface treatments were not found to provide any significant improvement in de-icing or anti-icing performance over a bare aluminum surface. However, the results were very useful in identifying ways to improve the surface treatments for better performance in icing conditions and these lessons may be integrated into future test campaigns.
Data-driven Roughness Estimation for Glaze Ice Accretion Simulation
Authors: Ignatowicz Kevin , Morency François , Beaugendre Héloïse
Published: June 2023

In-flight ice accretion on aircraft is a major weather-related threat. Industries use both experimental investigations in icing conditions and ice accretion solvers based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for aircraft development. An ice accretion solver couples airflow over the geometry, water droplets impingement, and phase change to compute the ice accretion. Such a solver usually relies on a two-equation model: a mass balance and an energy balance. Past studies highlighted the importance of the roughness-sensitive convective heat loss for energy balance. Uncertainties persist in the CFD models given the complexity of the ice accretion phenomenon, which usually mixes solid ice with liquid runback water (glaze ice). A major uncertainty is related to the surface roughness pattern, which is difficult to measure in experiments. The calibration of the roughness pattern for a CFD test case was seldom investigated in literature. Among the available calibration tools, the Bayesian calibration constitutes a powerful data-driven approach suitable for roughness pattern estimation. The objective of the paper is to set up a methodology for the roughness pattern calibration on an airfoil in glaze ice conditions. Specifically, this methodology determines the roughness pattern needed to minimize the root mean square error between the numerical and experimental accretions. First, an ice accretion solver implemented in SU2 CFD generates a roughness-sensitive ice shape database. Second, a Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) metamodel replaces the database. Finally, a Bayesian inversion is performed on the metamodel to determine the roughness pattern producing a realistic ice shape. The fidelity of an ice shape prediction is measured with a root mean square (RMS) error on the iced portion of the airfoil. Such methodology produces promising results, giving an accretion with a RMS error of less than 0.4% of the chord length compared to the experimental accretion thickness.
Dynamic and Static Test Methods: Quantifying the Shear Strength at the Interface of Iced Substrates
Authors: Stendardo Luca , Gastaldo Giulia , Budinger Marc , Antonini Carlo , Pommier-Budinger Valérie , Ospina Patiño Anny Catalina
Published: June 2023

Surfaces with low ice adhesion are crucial for many technological and societal applications. However, comparing the performance of different surface coatings still represents a major challenge, given the broad range of ice accretion and removal conditions. One of the most common methodologies relies on measuring ice adhesion, which is often quantified by the shear strength of the ice-substrate interface. Nevertheless, large discrepancies up to one order of magnitude exist among the shear strength values reported in the literature for similar test conditions. This work compares shear strength measurements between two inherently different ice adhesion measurement techniques: (i) a dynamic, vibratory approach and (ii) a more traditional static push test on a horizontal surface. By employing a hybrid experimental and numerical approach, the shear strength is obtained for both techniques. This approach allows a direct correlation between a low-complexity static setup and a dynamic test rig, close to the operating conditions of vibratory applications but more challenging to implement. As such, this study enables a better understanding and design of ice adhesion measurement procedures for testing both traditional and icephobic surfaces.
Demonstration of Initial GlennICE Relative Frame Capability: Axial-Flow Propeller
Authors: Rigby David , von Hardenberg Paul
Published: June 2023

Modifications have been implemented in the GlennICE software to accommodate a non-inertial reference frame. GlennICE accepts a flow solution from an external flow solver. It then introduces particles and tracks them through the flow field in a Lagrangian manner. Centrifugal and Coriolis terms were added to the GlennICE software to account for relative frame simulations. The objective of the present paper is twofold. First, to check that the new terms are implemented correctly and that the code still behaves as expected with respect to convergence. And second, to provide some initial insight into an upcoming propeller experiment in the NASA Icing Research Tunnel. The paper presents a description of the code modifications. In addition, results are presented for two operating conditions, and three particle sizes. Each case was simulated with four different grid densities to assess grid dependence.
A Comprehensive Numerical Model for Numerical Simulation of Ice Accretion and Electro-Thermal Ice Protection System in Anti-icing and De-icing Mode, with an Ice Shedding Analysis
Authors: Gallia Mariachiara , Rausa Andrea , Martuffo Alessandro , Guardone Alberto
Published: June 2023

This work presents a comprehensive numerical model for ice accretion and Ice Protection System (IPS) simulation over a 2D component, such as an airfoil. The model is based on the Myers model for ice accretion and extended to include the possibility of a heated substratum. Six different icing conditions that can occur during in-flight ice accretion with an Electro-Thermal Ice Protection System (ETIPS) activated are identified. Each condition presents one or more layers with a different water phase. Depending on the heat fluxes, there could be only liquid water, ice, or a combination of both on the substratum. The possible layers are the ice layer on the substratum, the running liquid film over ice or substratum, and the static liquid film between ice and substratum caused by ice melting. The last layer, which is always present, is the substratum. The physical model that describes the evolution of these layers is based on the Stefan problem. For each layer, one heat equation is solved. At the ice-water interface, a Stefan condition governs the phase transition. Lastly, mass conservation is imposed. Numerical simulations are compared to reference results, both experimental measurements and numerical simulations for both ice accretion and ETIPS operating in anti-icing and de-icing mode, showing good agreement. A posterior ice shedding analysis is then performed, taking into account the IPS in both anti-icing and de-icing operation modes. The stresses internal to the ice shapes when subjected to the aerodynamic loads are compared with the mechanical properties of ice such as the tensile and adhesion strength. The results show that the de-icing mode is more efficient in causing shedding due to the decrease in adhesion surface and the presence of the under-ice liquid film that tends to break the ice shape.
A Three-Dimensional Level-Set Front Tracking Technique for Automatic Multi-Step Simulations of In-Flight Ice Accretion
Authors: Donizetti Alessandro , Rausa Andrea , Bellosta Tommaso , Re Barbara , Guardone Alberto
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a novel fully-automatic remeshing procedure, based on the level-set method and Delaunay triangulation, to model three-dimensional boundary problems and generate a new conformal body-fitted mesh. The proposed methodology is applied to long-term in-flight ice accretion, which is characterized by the formation of extremely irregular ice shapes. Since ice accretion is coupled with the aerodynamic flow field, a multi-step procedure is implemented. The total icing exposure time is subdivided into smaller time steps, and at each time step a three-dimensional body-fitted mesh, suitable for the computation of the aerodynamic flow field around the updated geometry, is generated automatically. The methodology proposed can effectively deal with front intersections, as shown with a manufactured example. Numerical simulations over a NACA0012 swept wing both in rime and glaze conditions are compared with the experimentally measured ice shapes from the 1st AIAA Ice Prediction Workshop.
Reduced-Order modeling of Icing CFD data for Uncertainty Quantification of Icing Wind tunnel Experiments
Authors: Kang Yu-Eop , Yee Kwanjung
Published: June 2023

During icing wind tunnel experiments, the calibration process of the spray nozzle and aerothermal systems introduces experimental uncertainty that can potentially compromise the reliability of the test results. Therefore, performing sensitivity analysis (SA) or uncertainty quantification (UQ) studies is not only essential to determine the influence of uncertainties on the ice shape and aerodynamic performance but also crucial to identify the most significant icing parameter uncertainty. However, given the wide range of icing envelopes, it is not practical to conduct SA and UQ by experimental method because a lot of evaluations are required for SA and UQ study. In this study, we addressed these challenges by using a deep learning-based reduced-order modeling technique. First, a dataset covering a wide range of icing envelopes was obtained through icing CFD simulations, and then reduced-order modeling was trained on this dataset to build a model that can efficiently predict the ice shape for the given icing conditions. Finally, the uncertainties in icing conditions were propagated using the ROM model, and SA and UQ were conducted on the various icing conditions covering the icing envelopes of 14 CFR Appendix C to Part 25 and 29. Throughout this paper, we first confirmed that the icing CFD simulation predicts the sensitivity of the experimental results to a reasonable extent in terms of the coefficient of variance. In addition, we confirmed that the prediction error of ROM is within 3% in terms of the ice shape parameters, such as horn thickness and angle. From the SA and UQ study, we found that the effect of uncertainty in ice conditions varies significantly depending on the reference icing conditions. For example, the effect of temperature uncertainty was found to be almost non-existent for low temperature conditions of 245K, but dominant for high temperature conditions of 267K. Finally, the effect of uncertainty in icing conditions was examined for the entire icing envelope.
Icing Simulation Results Using Lagrangian Particle Tracking in Ansys Fluent Icing
Authors: Moula Guillaume , Ozcer Isik
Published: June 2023

This paper introduces the Lagrangian particle tracking technology readily available in Ansys Fluent in the in-flight icing simulation workflow, which normally uses the Eulerian approach for droplet flows. The Lagrangian solver is incorporated in the Fluent Icing workspace which is to become the next-gen in-flight icing simulation tool provided by Ansys. Lagrangian tracking will eventually be used for SLD and ice crystal rebound and re-impingement calculations in the Ansys workflow. Here we introduce some preliminary results with the current state of its implementation as of Fluent Icing release 2023R2. Example cases include several selections from the 1st Ice prediction workshop with experimental comparisons as well as results obtained earlier with the Eulerian droplet solution strategy. Collection efficiency comparisons on clean geometries show good agreement between Eulerian and Lagrangian methods when the particle seeds are in the millions range. Shadow zones are resolved with more clarity when Lagrangian tracking is used. SLD and ice crystal rebound simulations significantly benefit from the Lagrangian method, as all wall interaction instances per track can be resolved in a single pass. Turbulent dispersion effects that are built-in to Fluent’s Lagrangian tracking are studied. The impact of turbulent boundary layers on small droplets is investigated. A change in collection efficiency due to particle velocities redistribution when they go across a turbulent structure is observed on a simple test case but the impact of turbulent dispersion on the validation cases collection efficiency is negligible. Multi-shot icing simulations on swept wings produce more detailed ice shapes for the same number of shots when Lagrangian method is swapped in for the Eulerian solver.
Characterization of Atmospheric Icing Conditions during the HALO-(AC)
3
Campaign with the Nevzorov Probe and the Backscatter Cloud Probe with Polarization Detection
Authors: Lucke Johannes Reinhard , Jurkat Tina , Baumgardner Darrel , Kalinka Frank , Moser Manuel , De La Torre Castro Elena , Voigt Christiane
Published: June 2023

The measurement and in-flight characterization of atmospheric icing conditions remains a challenging task. This is due to the large variability of microphysical properties of icing conditions. Icing may occur in pure supercooled liquid clouds of various droplet sizes, it may contain freezing drizzle or freezing rain drops and it also takes place in various types of mixed-phase conditions. A sensor or a combination of sensors to discriminate these icing environments would therefore be beneficial. Especially the phase classification of small cloud particles is still difficult to assess. Within the SENS4ICE project, the German Aerospace Center (DLR) suggests the use of the Nevzorov probe and the Backscatter Cloud Probe with Polarization Detection (BCPD) for the detection and differentiation of icing conditions during research missions that lack standard underwing probes. The first research flights with this instrument combination were conducted in March and April 2022 out of Longyearbyen, Svalbard in the scope of the HALO-(AC)3 campaign. The Polar 6 aircraft of the Alfred-Wegener-Institut was equipped with the two sensors and other established microphysical cloud probes for validation. Here, we demonstrate our evaluation strategy of the two instruments and show how their data can be used to assess microphysical cloud conditions. We test this evaluation strategy on the basis of one research flight during which a large variety of icing conditions occurred. Furthermore, we also show a comparison of our results to the predictions of the icing warning system ADWICE of the German Weather Service.
Significant Updates for the Current Icing Product (CIP) and Forecast Icing Product (FIP) Following the 2019 In-Cloud ICing and Large-drop Experiment (ICICLE)
Authors: Rugg Allyson , Haggerty Julie , Adriaansen Daniel , Serke David , Ellis Scott
Published: June 2023

The Current Icing Product (CIP; Bernstein et al. 2005) and Forecast Icing Product (FIP; Wolff et al. 2009) were originally developed by the United States’ National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) under sponsorship of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in the mid 2000’s and provide operational icing guidance to users through the NOAA Aviation Weather Center (AWC). The current operational version of FIP uses the Rapid Refresh (RAP; Benjamin et al. 2016) numerical weather prediction (NWP) model to provide hourly forecasts of Icing Probability, Icing Severity, and Supercooled Large Drop (SLD) Potential. Forecasts are provided out to 18 hours over the Contiguous United States (CONUS) at 15 flight levels between 1,000 ft and FL290, inclusive, and at a 13-km horizontal resolution. CIP provides similar hourly output on the same grid, but utilizes geostationary satellite data, ground-based radar data, Meteorological Terminal Air Reports (METARS), lightning data, and voice pilot reports (PIREPs) in addition to the RAP model output to provide near-realtime icing guidance. This paper presents recent enhancements to the prototype versions of CIP and FIP (CIP v2.0 and FIP v2.0, respectively). The enhancements described are intended to take better advantage of enhanced model resolution and microphysics parameterization as well as state-of-the-art observations for icing diagnosis and forecasting.
Development and Validation Testing of the Collins Ice Differentiator System in App C and App O Icing Conditions
Authors: Hamman Matthew , Ridouane El Hassan , Gelao Giancarlo , Chabukswar Rohan , Botura Galdemir
Published: June 2023

Protecting against atmospheric icing conditions is critical for the safety of aircraft during flight. Sensors and probes are often used to indicate the presence of icing conditions, enabling the aircraft to exit the icing cloud and engage their ice protection systems. Supercooled large drop (SLD) icing conditions, which are defined in Appendix O of 14 CFR Part 25, pose additional risk to aircraft safety as compared to conventional icing conditions, which are defined in Appendix C of 14 CFR Part 25. For this reason, developing sensors that can not only indicate the presence of ice, but can also differentiate between Appendix O (App O) and Appendix C (App C) icing conditions, is of particular interest to the aviation industry and to federal agencies. Developing a detector capable of meeting this challenge is the focus of SENS4ICE, a European Union sponsored project. This paper summarizes the work that was done to develop the Collins Ice Differentiator System, an ice detection and differentiation sensor developed by Collins Aerospace while participating in the SENS4ICE Project. A series of five icing wind tunnel campaigns were completed with the goal of developing the system and refining the underlying detection algorithm. A sixth integration wind tunnel test was then carried out to test all the Collins Ice Differentiator System’s constituent parts together as a complete system. This integration icing wind tunnel test was followed by additional integration testing to ensure that the system would function correctly on-aircraft. Finally, a flight test was completed with the goal of seeking out natural icing conditions to evaluate the performance of the Collins Ice Differentiator System, and that of the other SENS4ICE sensors.
Resident Research Mentoring Teams: A Support Program to Increase Resident Research Productivity
Authors: Haas David M. , Hadaie Bachar , Ramirez Mirian , Shanks Anthony L. , Scott Nicole P.
Published: June 2023

Background

Scholarly activity is a requirement for most graduate medical education training programs. However, barriers exist for residents to accomplish projects.

Objective

To evaluate the correlation between a resident research mentoring team (RRMT) program and meeting presentations and publications of resident research projects. We further plan to report feasibility of the RRMT.

Methods

We performed a before-and-after study of meeting presentations and/or publication of resident research projects before institution of the RRMT (2004-2011) and post-RRMT implementation (2016-2019). The RRMT is a diverse group of faculty, statisticians, and research staff who meet regularly with residents to provide guidance for their research studies. It is part of overall research support from the department, which also includes biostatistics, database and regulatory help, travel funds, and project budget funds. Data on meeting presentations and publications were collected from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and the IUPUI ScholarWorks institutional repository, using resident and faculty names and titles of projects. Comparisons of pre- and post-RRMT groups were made.

Results

Seventy-four residents were in the pre-RRMT group and 40 were in the post-RRMT group. Post-RRMT residents published, presented, and combined published or presented their projects more frequently than those in pre-RRMT group (57.5% vs 28.4%, P=.002; 50% vs 16.2%, P=.001; 67.5% vs 37.8%, P=.002). Controlling for winning a Research Day award and pursuing a fellowship, being in the post-RRMT group was independently associated with presentation or publication of the resident research project (OR 3.62, 95% CI 1.57-8.83).

Conclusions

Support of resident scholarly activity, such as thorough implementation of a program like the RRMT, is associated with increased presentations and publications of research projects.
Estimating Soil Erosion to Highlight Potential Areas for Conservation Priority in Rukarara Catchment, South-western Rwanda
Authors: Rizinjirabake Fabien , Nyiramana Aisha , Kamizikunze Théoneste , Mukamugema Jane
Published: June 2023

Soil erosion is one of the major environmental problems in tropical ecosystems; however, the lack of information on the amount of eroded soils in  Rwandan mountainous watersheds hinders effective decision-making toward sustainable soil management. This study aimed at predicting soil erosion in  the Rukarara River watershed, one of the mountainous watersheds in Rwanda, and identifying potential areas of high erosion risk using the revised  universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) implemented in a GIS environment. The annual soil loss was estimated by computing and performing a spatial  overlay analysis of relevant layers including rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodability (K), slope length and steepness (LS), cover management (C), and  conservation practice (P) factors. The results indicate that the annual soil erosion varies from 54 to 134 t ha−1 year−1 (95% confidence interval) with a  mean of 39.96 t ha−1 year−1. The study area is generally characterized by very low and low soil erosion classes and the mean erosion correlated with literature results in the tropics. Agricultural lands are the hotspots of soil erosion with a mean of soil loss of 61.29 t ha−1 year−1. The produced maps and  soil loss estimates can facilitate informed decision-making toward sustainable soil management in mountainous areas of Rwanda, especially in the  Rukarara River watershed.
Depositional facies analysis of coastal to shallow marine deposits in the onshore Niger Delta Basin: Accessing the influence of sedimentology and depositional environments on reservoir quality
Authors: Arochukwu E.C. , Ugwueze C.U. , Udom G.J.
Published: June 2023

Sedimentology and depositional environment of E2000-Sand in the southern part of the Central Swamp depobelt have been studied using core and wireline log data. Nine wells were used for the study, one of which has some 200ft of core in the southern part of the field. Key wells were correlated based on normalized gamma-ray and other logs. Using two main panels, one along the depositional dip across syn-sedimentary intra-field faults and another along strike, lateral continuity, reservoir development, and shoreline proximity were evaluated. The cores were described to identify lithology, sedimentary structures, depositional processes, and genetic units. The results from the electro-facies analysis, wireline log correlation, core description, and core permeameter measurements were integrated to interpret depositional environments. The E2000-Sand normalized gamma-ray log profile showed three broad sections made up of (from bottom to top) a coarsening upward funnel-shaped basal section overlain by an overall cylindrical-shaped gamma-ray log signature capped by a short coarsening upward funnel-shaped interval. The overall gamma-ray log profile is consistent with a deltaic progradational setting typical of a shoreface sequence inundated by channel activities. Seven genetic units were identified in the cored interval comprising Marine Shale, Offshore Transition Heteroliths, Lower Shoreface, Upper Shoreface, Lagoonal Shale/ Heterolithics, Tidally Influenced Channel/Crevasse Splay, and Distributary Channel. Petrophysical analysis of these units showed a direct correlation between lithofacies type and grain size with flow properties deteriorating with decreasing grain size. Using such attributes as permeability, porosity, and grain size, four genetic units in the sand namely Lower Shoreface, Upper Shoreface, Tidal Channel, and Distributary Channel were interpreted as reservoir units. The best reservoir flow properties were preserved in the Distributary Channels with a porosity range of 20-29%, permeability in the range of 3,300-9,900mD and average grain size ranging from 177-500μ, while the Lower Shoreface corresponded to the worst quality reservoir units with porosity ranging from 17-26%, permeability varying from 0.01-180mD, and average grain size varying from 62-125μ. Three of the genetic units including Offshore Transition Heteroliths, Lagoonal Shales/Heterolithics, and Marine Shale were interpreted as non-reservoir units with porosity and permeability ranging from 4-17%, and 0.03-36mD respectively, while average grain size was below resolution. The E2000-Sand is interpreted as deposited in a coastal shoreface/delta mouth shallow marine setting. Reservoir quality in the sand is strongly faciesdependent with sedimentology and depositional environments controlling the reservoir properties of the sand bodies.
Assessment of aflatoxin and pesticide residue in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) from North Central Nigeria
Authors: Ekhuemelo C.
Published: June 2023

Cowpea is a major staple food crop which serves as a source of protein for many Nigerians. Its production and preservation involve the application of pesticides to ensure optimum yield and prevent storage losses. The study evaluated aflatoxin and pesticide residues present in Cowpea grains obtained from retailers in major markets in six States of North Central and the Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Nigeria. The quantitative detection of pesticide residue was conducted through the use of Gas chromatography fitted with Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD). Aflatoxin (AfB1, AfB2, AfG1 and AfG2) analysis was conducted by the use of thin layer chromatography (TLC). Twenty-three pesticide residues including organochlorine insecticides, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), fungicide (Etridiazole, chloroneb), herbicide (Simazine, atrazine) were detected in cowpea samples. Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) was present in 95% of the samples while endosulfan sulfate and endosulfan II were detected in 85% of the cowpea samples. Endrin aldehyde, DDT and DDD were the least detected. Pesticides residues in cowpea grains tested ranged from 72.67 mg kg- 1 in samples from Kogi State to 159.67 mg kg-1 in samples from Plateau State which were above the allowable limits of 20 mg kg-1. Aflatoxin was below detectable limits in all the cowpea samples analyzed. The high amount of pesticide residues in the cowpea samples poses health hazards to unsuspecting cowpea consumers.
Knowledge, attitude and practices of small ruminant butchers on tuberculosis in selected areas of Katsina State, Nigeria
Authors: Dahiru M.H. , Saidu S.N.A. , Tekdek L.B. , Buhari H.U. , Kaltungo B.Y. , Babashani M. , Baba A.Y.
Published: June 2023

A questionnaire survey was conducted on the knowledge, attitude and practices of butchers on tuberculosis in small ruminants in selected areas of  Katsina State, Nigeria. All respondents had some level of formal education. Animals slaughtered included cattle (18.0%), sheep (34.0%), goats (53.0%) and  camels (4.0%). Animals were slaughtered in the countryside (23.0%), within the village (24.0%) and in community areas (57.0%). The butchers knew small  ruminants could acquire tuberculosis and that tuberculosis could infect humans along with its signs and modes of transmission in animals and humans. Eighteen percent knew small ruminants could acquire tuberculosis from humans while 80.0% knew humans could acquire tuberculosis from animals.  Thirty percent of respondents knew people with tuberculosis, while 10.0% each reported their family members having tuberculosis and living with  tuberculosis-infected persons respectively. The butchers handled their tuberculosis-infected animals by taking such animals to Veterinary Clinic (52.0%),  selling (21.0%) or leaving them in the flock (15.0%). The butchers reported socializing at night with friends (44.0%), brothers (14.0%), sisters (8.0%) and  wives (34.0%). The butchers allowed dogs into the slaughter facilities and this was highly significant. Some of the butchers (62.0%) accepted childhood vaccination which included BCG (40.0%), Polio (28.0%) and Measles (27.0%). The study concluded that the butchers were aware of tuberculosis in both  humans and animals, the signs and symptoms of the disease as well as its mode of transmission. The study has demonstrated poor attitudes and  practices among the butchers about tuberculosis. The study recommends the need for greater education of butchers to enhance better practices and  attitudes towards the disease to control it in themselves and the public they serve.
Embryonated eggs as an alternative to animals in the determination of median lethal dose (LD50) in bitis venom
Authors: Yusuf P.O. , Dahiru S. , Ameh M.P. , Oyetunde J.S. , Ada G. , Idoga E.S. , Akefe I.O. , Attah C.U. , Ajagun E.
Published: June 2023

Determination of median lethal dose (LD50) is a vital tool adopted by the World Health Organization for pre-clinical assessment of products for use in the  management of snakebite envenoming, a condition which is now included among the list of Neglected Tropical Diseases in 2017. The current trend in the  determination of LD50 involves the use of laboratory animals, tens or even hundreds of animals are sacrificed to achieve this goal. This study aimed  to find reliable alternatives to this sacrificing of laboratory animals for research purposes. This study investigated the comparative similarities or differences in results obtained from the use of laboratory animals and embryonated eggs in the determination of LD50 in snake venom research. The  median lethal dose (LD50) was determined using female mice using the up and down method and Probit method as well as embryonated eggs. There  was no statistical difference in the LD50 of the venom of Bitis arietans obtained by the up and down method and that of the conventional probit analysis  (p≤0.05) (0.325 mg/kg [probit] and 0.351 mg/kg [up and down] respectively). There was also no statistical difference in the LD50 of the venom of Bitis  arietans by the up and down method, conventional probit method, and by the use of embryonated eggs (p≤0.05) (0.325 mg/kg [probit], 0.351 mg/kg [up  and down], and 0.392 mg/kg [embryonated eggs). The three methods used produced values of LD50 that were within the range reported on the  Australian snake and venom database of 2007. The results suggest embryonated eggs can conveniently replace the use of laboratory animals in the  determination of LD50 in snake venom research to ease the ethical challenges posed by excessive use of laboratory animals in snake venom research.
Abattoirs as meat safety and disease surveillance points in Nigeria: The case of Ikpa slaughterhouse, Nsukka, Nigeria
Authors: Nwankwo I. , Nwanta J. , Onunkwo J.
Published: June 2023

Abattoirs are imperative surveillance points for early detection, monitoring and disease control along the meat supply chain. However, their function in  this regard has remained underdeveloped in Nigeria even in the midst of pre-disposing factors of disease spread. In view of this, a descriptive study on  the status of Ikpa slaughterhouse, Nsukka on the provision of physical facilities and the competency of workers for adequate meat inspection, good  hygiene practices and waste management were evaluated by observation and interview of key stakeholders. Dilapidated facilities, poor waste management, poor knowledge and attitudes of butchers on hygiene and zoonosis as identified, pose limitations for meat inspection, hygiene standards  and disease reporting practice at Ikpa slaughterhouse, Nsukka, Nigeria. The slaughterhouse is of very poor standard as a meat safety and disease  surveillance point, hence the urgent need for the establishment of a contemporary abattoir, regular training and equipping of skilled staff to the ideals of  abattoirs as meat safety and disease surveillance points in Nigeria.
Preliminary assessment of a degraded river in the Niger Delta, Nigeria using physico-chemical characteristics and water quality index
Authors: Izegaegbe J.I. , Edoreh J.A. , Onogbosele C.O.
Published: June 2023

Surface water degradation is increasingly becoming a national issue in Nigeria as it affects the suitability of water for its various uses. The preliminary  study of the physicochemical parameters and water quality index of the Orogodo River was conducted to ascertain the extent of degradation from  multiple sources of contamination. Water samples were collected from four sites that were impacted by various anthropogenic activities along the  Orogodo River in Delta State during the months of February (number of samples = 16) and September (number of samples = 16) 2020. The water samples  were analyzed using standard methods. The results of the physicochemical analysis using ANOVA showed significant differences (P<0.05) only in  biochemical oxygen demand and turbidity across the four sites. The biochemical oxygen demand (3.05±2.47) and turbidity (8.35±5.162) at site 3  espectively that is a  major abattoir discharge point were above the Nigeria Standard for Drinking Water Quality acceptable limits for drinking water and  could portend harm to water users and ecosystem integrity. The water quality index analysis revealed that sites 1 and 4 showed good water quality and  those of sites 2 and 3 showed poor water quality. The study demonstrated that water quality index analysis and physicochemical characteristics were  critical factors in evaluating the deteriorating conditions of the Orogodo River. Periodic monitoring of the river quality and integrity is vital as the river  water will require extensive treatment for safe usage.
Marine spatial planning and offshore wind: preliminary principles for Australia
Authors: Taylor Madeline
Published: June 2023

Australia is endowed with some of the richest and most diverse renewable energy resources. Its offshore wind resources alone equate to an estimated 5,000 Gigawatts (GW) of electricity potential. Given these substantial estimates, offshore wind energy will likely represent a key pillar of Australia’s future renewable energy mix. Australia’s palpable offshore energy potential is increasingly understood and acknowledged. Yet, the critical legal and policy question remains of how its new regulatory framework to enable offshore wind development, the Offshore Electricity Infrastructure Act 2021 Act (Cth) (OEI Act), will interact with existing marine sectors and the marine environment. Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) may provide the missing process puzzle piece to enable more strategic coordination of the Australian offshore wind sector within the marine environment. This article adopts a socio-legal approach, examining and drawing upon international experiences to explore the potential adoption of MSP in the Australian offshore wind context. In so doing, the article argues for a coordinated approach to develop a federal MSP process to support and promote strategic offshore wind operations with existing sea users while preserving the Australian marine environment.
Theoretical and legal approaches regarding the administrative activities of the public authority in safeguarding rights of persons with disabilities
Authors: Kondratenko Vitalii , Fomichov Kostyantun , Bobrishova Liliia , Seletskyi Oleksii , Shestak Liliia
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the scientific research was to examine the essence and content of the modern human-centered concept in the theoretical-applied interpretation of management activities of state authorities, in connection with the implementation and protection of fundamental rights and freedoms of persons with systemic disorders of body function. The following research methods were used in the scientific work: systematization, generalization; analysis and synthesis of the developed ideas. Definitely, it is substantiated that significant reform changes in the system of state authorities of Ukraine and changes in the direction of their activities somehow mean the creation of conditions for the construction of a democratic, social and legal state, as well as the guarantee of subjective rights, in particular of persons with disabilities. The conclusions argue the priority of the formation of administrative and legal doctrine, built on the basis of a humanistic ideology that permeates the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in the daily life of society as a whole.
Redes de encuadres de la violencia en la prensa de 2019 a 2022
Authors: Molina Gonzalez Maria Del Rosario , Coronado Rincon Oscar , Banes Ugarte Adriana Vanesa , García Lirios Cruz
Published: June 2023

En la era COVID-19, la violencia difundida en los medios y redes socio digitales ha sido observada como un proceso de transición del ámbito público al privado. En este sentido, el presente trabajo se propuso contrastar la hipótesis relativa a la transición de la violencia. Se realizó una investigación documental, transversal, retrospectiva y exploratoria con la prensa de circulación nacional que publicó notas relativas a la violencia durante el periodo de 2019 a 2022 y que fueron seleccionadas mediante una búsqueda por palabras claves. Se estableció una red neuronal de aprendizaje de la violencia centrada en el ámbito barrial. Las implicaciones de este hallazgo para la prevención de la violencia sugieren la corresponsabilidad del autocuidado y la promoción de las relaciones libres de violencia.
Situation of Some Factors Affecting Case Management Activities for People with Disabilities in Da Nang
Authors:   Hanoi National University of Education, Phuong Do Nghiem Thanh , Ngoc Bui Thi Bao ,   VietNam National Children's Hospital
Published: June 2023

The study was conducted on 167 case managers for people with disabilities in many wards, communes, and social work centers in Da Nang. Weakness of service providers, shortage of resources for assistance, qualifications of case managers are the factors that affect the process and performance of case management service for the disabled, especially important services for people with disabilities such as health and educational services. On the other hand, there has not been a clear mechanism for coordinating services and resources to help people with disabilities in Da Nang. Case management for people with disabilities should be put into operation by social workers at all levels by the management of Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs. The Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs needs to promulgate procedures and regulations on the responsibilities of case managers.
Determining Marketing Mix of CV Nutri Pro by Using Big Data Analytics
Authors:   Master of Business Administration, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Putri Vira Maulina , Siallagan Manahan ,   Master of Business Administration, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Published: June 2023

Technological growth supports the acceleration of the health industry. Technology provides an opportunity for business actors to convey product advantages to be disseminated widely through digital media. Apart from providing benefits in the easy dissemination of information, digital media can be a sales media for the health industry. Based on data from Tokopedia (e-commerce with the most users in Indonesia), the biggest sales are dominated by health products. Large amounts of data (big data) available in e-commerce can be extracted using the Web Scraping method. Big data can be processed to gain certain insights in achieving competitive advantage. CV Nutri Pro as a medium-sized business has limited data which causes the marketing mix that has been prepared beforehand to be incomplete. This condition causes out of sync, where there are demands that cannot be fulfilled. Based on the opportunity to utilize big data, CV Nutri Pro can determine a comprehensive renewable marketing mix. Each aspect of the marketing mix (4Ps) will be processed using big data analytics. The methods used include Pivot Data, K-Means, and Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). This research provides new insights for the company to renew marketing mix.
Avaliação de sensores orbitais na determinação da batimetria derivada de satélite: abordagem com métodos empíricos
Authors:   , Andrade Laura Coelho de
Published: June 2023

No âmbito hidrográfico, sabe-se que a principal técnica empregada para o levantamento batimétrico de um corpo hídrico consiste no sensoriamento remoto acústico, com o emprego de ecobatímetros, uma vez que esses fornecem informações acuradas mesmo em grandes profundidades. A aquisição de dados batimétricos, com o foco em atualizar e editar cartas náuticas, é o principal objetivo de um Levantamento Hidrográfico. No entanto, o procedimento para aquisição de dados empregando métodos acústicos de sondagem são de alto custo, além de demandarem um longo período de execução. Nesse sentido, a utilização de técnicas para obtenção da batimetria derivada de satélite está trazendo resultados cada vez mais precisos com o avanço tecnológico e aprimoramento dos sensores, uma vez que esse método permite uma produtividade maior se comparado aos sensores acústicos e podem contribuir para a segurança da navegação, detectando perigos que podem ser representados em cartas e, portanto, evitado por navegadores. Assim, este trabalho busca apontar, por meio de uma avaliação dos sistemas Landsat 8, CBERS 4 e Sentinel 2A, em conjunto com métodos empíricos de Machine Learning, que são abordagens mais efetivas para estimativa da batimetria derivada de satélites em diferentes áreas de estudo. A partir resultados foi possível perceber a superioridade do sistema Landsat 8 em relação aos demais, principalmente quando empregado junto com o algoritmo Random Forest, o qual possibilitou o alcance de valores de RMSE inferiores que as demais abordagens, até mesmo analisando as discrepâncias em relação a profundidades dos rios. Além disso, foi possível observar que a imagem CBERS 4 é capaz de estimar a profundidade com apenas 0,48 m de incerteza para corpos hídricos com uma menor taxa de sedimentos em suspensão. Palavras-chave: Batimetria. Satellite Derived Bathymetry. Métodos Empíricos. Machine Learning.
Ara-Gaya of the Ancient tomb with a gigantic mound and System
Authors:   Yeongnam Archaeological Review, Choi Gyong Gyu
Published: June 2023

The start of the Ara-Gaya the ancient tomb with a gigantic mound and System began in the mid-5th century, which is now Tomb No. 4 at Marisan Tombs(末伊山古墳群). The Ara-Gaya of the ancient tomb with a gigantic mound and System begins when the tomb ritual is changed to a stone tomb, and at the same time, the tomb ritual is changed. The biggest change in the burial ritual is the implementation of the Sacrificial burial(殉葬), and it inherits the structure of the large wooden chamber tombs from the previous period, but the pattern of the burial site changes. The transition period of civil engineering technology has not been confirmed in the construction of the ancient tomb with a gigantic mound, and it shows a relatively complete form from the time of its appearance. In addition, it shows a flexible appearance by applying a suitable civil engineering method according to the topography. It is confirmed that the same civil engineering method is applied to large civil engineering structures such as Saturn, fortress, embankment, and large buildings in the same province. Through this, it can be inferred that Ara-Gaya’s advanced civil engineering technology and its management and operation system were well equipped. The Ara-Gaya of the ancient tomb with a gigantic mound and System starts at the top of the fourth ridge of the Marisan Tombs and continues to the ninth ridge. Type A-1 is arranged at regular intervals on the top of the main ridge and the ridge of the branch ridge, and type A-2 and 3 are arranged as tombs attached to the periphery. The tomb of a large mound is in the middle of the 5th century. It was intensively contrasted in a relatively short time of about 70 years until the beginning of the 6th century. At the same time, considering the construction of large-scale mound tombs of type A on each ridge, it is believed that when the hills of Marisan Tombs were built as Scope of the Royal Tomb, the right of burial was not unified construction of royalty(多系列王權). On the other hand, from the stage of moving the the scope of a royal tomb to the Namnunoe Tombs(南門外古墳群) at the same time as turning into the ancient tomb with a gigantic mound and System, it is possible to get a glimpse of the establishment of a specific series of kingship(一元的 王權系列).
Efektivitas Penerapan Media Pembelajaran Microsoft Teams Terhadap Minat Dan Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa Program Studi Tadris Matematika IAI Muhammadiyah Sinjai
Authors: Irmayanti Irmayanti , Jamaluddin  , Musdalifah A  , P Sudirman
Published: June 2023

Microsoft teams memiliki fitur untuk menyimpan meteri, serta tugas dengan aman, serta dapat memudahkan mahasiswa untuk berkomunikasi dalam proses pembelajaran walau berada ditempat yang berbeda. Microsoft teams sangat direkomendasikan digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan minat dan hasil belajar mahasiswa. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan media pembelajaran microsoft teams terhadap minat dan hasil belajar  mahasiswa pada mata kuliah Analisis Data. Jenis penlitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen, dengan pendekatan penellitian kuantitatif. teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah tes hasil belajar, angket, dan dokumentasi. Adapun teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini adalah statistik deskriptif untuk memperoleh nilai rata-rata hitung, variansi serta standar deviasi, dan statistik inferensial untuk memperoleh uji prasyarat yang terdiri dari uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, serta uji hipotesis.Penerapan media pembelajaran microsoft teams efektif terhadap minat dan hasil belajar mahasiswa pada mata kuliah analisis data program studi tadris matematika IAI Muhammadiyah Sinjai. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan hasil rata-rata post test  minat belajar sebesar 75,83 dan hasil belajar sebesar 97,78.