bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Desire to Institutionalization in Dementia Caregivers From a Developing Country
Authors: Sinha Preeti , Yohannan Sherin , Thirumoorthy A. , Sivakumar Palanimuthu Thangaraju
Published: June 2017

Older adults with dementia have higher rates of institutionalization than those without dementia. Desire to institutionalization (DTI) is an important factor influencing the actual institutionalization but is less well studied. This cross-sectional study examines the DTI with the scale of same name developed by Morycz, in 1985, in a sample of 50 caregivers of patients with dementia in a tertiary clinical care setting in a developing country. Caregiver burden associated with personal strain (by factor analyzed Zarit Burden Interview scale), and stress perceived out of caregiving (by Perceived Stress Scale) predicted higher DTI. Besides, those who were married had lower DTI scores. The factors which didn’t affect DTI were total caregiver burden, family and social support, age of patient and caregiver, education of caregiver, severity and duration of dementia, and treatment duration. These results were different from those of developed country-based DTI studies and may indicate sociocultural differences.
How Arrest Impacts Delinquency Over Time Between and Within Individuals
Authors: Mowen Thomas J. , Brent John J. , Bares Kyle J.
Published: June 2017

While some studies find that criminal justice contact may deter future offending, another body of research indicates that contact with the criminal justice system can increase delinquency among youth. Although research has examined the relationship between punishment and offending, from a life-course perspective, we know little about between-individual and within-individual effects of punishment across time. Using a cross-lagged dynamic panel model, results from an analysis of four waves of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 demonstrate that arrest contributes to within-individual increases in delinquency across time even after baseline levels of delinquency are controlled. Between-individual results show that youth who were arrested experience significant increases in offending compared to youth never arrested even after accounting for prior offending. Finally, this study uncovers a “cumulative effect” of arrest in that each subsequent year the youth is arrested relates to increased offending irrespective of prior offending. Overall, findings suggest that arrest contributes to significant increases in delinquency even after baseline levels of offending are directly modeled.
Sibling Delinquency as a Risk Factor for Future Offending
Authors: Walters Glenn D.
Published: June 2017

Prior research has identified parents and peers as salient risk factors for delinquency. The purpose of the current investigation was to determine whether sibling delinquency might not also serve as a risk factor for future offending net the effects of parents and peers. Participants were 215 male fourth through tenth grade predominately White students from the Oregon Screening of Youth at Risk for Delinquency sample. A series of multiple linear regression analyses revealed that sibling delinquency predicted participant delinquency 5 years later, after age, prior delinquency, number of siblings, father absence, family socioeconomic status, parental monitoring, parental disciplinary style, parental acceptance, and peer delinquency were controlled. When the sample was divided into younger (age 9–12 at Wave 1) and older (age 13–17 at Wave 1) age-groups, the predictive effect of sibling delinquency was confined to the older subgroup. The results suggest that sibling delinquency may serve as a risk factor for criminal offending in adolescents who are subsequently reevaluated in emerging adulthood but not children who were subsequently reevaluated in adolescence. These findings indicate that sibling delinquency can serve as a risk factor for future offending and as a target for intervention in the treatment of delinquency.
Smartphone-Based Thermal Imaging: A New Modality for Tissue Temperature Measurement in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgeries
Authors: Cao Jue , Currie Kelly , Carry Patrick , Maddox Grady , Nino Samantha , Ipaktchi Kyros
Published: June 2017

Background: Smartphone-based thermal imaging (SBTI) allows noninvasive temperature measurements. Its validity compared with a conventional infrared probe temperature scanner (IPTS) has not been studied. This study compares temperature measurements between the 2 technologies on human participants. Methods: Bilateral index finger temperature measurements were obtained on 30 healthy participants using IPTS and SBTI devices. Dominant versus nondominant sides (side-to-side difference) and individual side measurements between the 2 methods were compared for repeatability (precision) and agreement. Results: A total of 23 female and 7 male participants were tested. Based on nonoverlapping confidence intervals (CIs), intraclass correlation coefficient of repeatability was higher for SBTI than for IPTS measurements in side-to-side differences: 0.97 (95% CI, 0.96-0.99) versus 0.89 (95% CI, 0.82-0.95). The SBTI method recorded higher side-to-side difference and individual side measurements: 0.56°C (limits of agreement [LOA], −1.09°C to 2.20°C) and 2.64°C (LOA, 0.96°C-4.32°C), respectively. Conclusions: In addition to higher precision, SBTI offers added benefits of instantaneous acquisition of the temperature map of the entire hand, allowing quick comparisons of the uninjured and injured fingers. SBTI measurements consistently yielded higher temperature readings in the side-to-side difference as well as individual measurements. This suggested that both devices are not interchangeable for absolute temperature comparisons but are interchangeable in monitoring the changes in temperatures. This study suggests the potential for SBTI devices to be used in the clinical settings and may be of special benefit in telemedicine.
Differential profiles of four groups of children referred to an autism diagnostic service in Belgium: Autism-specific hallmarks
Authors: Carlier Sophie , Kurzeja Nastasia , Ducenne Lesley , Pauwen Nathalie , Leys Christophe , Delvenne Véronique
Published: June 2017

Objective:

This article aims at exploring distinctive hallmarks of autistic disorders compared to other groups presenting mimicking and/or overlapping conditions.

Method:

The exploratory study involved 196 children with autism, intellectual disability, language impairment and psycho-affective disorders previously referred to an autism diagnostic service. The autism discriminative tool (ADT), a behavioural checklist, was used to compile and analyse the children’s profiles based on the clinical information gathered during diagnostic assessments. All samples were compared and analysed separately according to the checklist’s four domains.

Results:

Children with autism showed greater frequency and severity of impairments on the ADT’s social and communication categories. These children also differed from other groups in terms of specific rigid behaviours and high frequency of atypical sensory responses.

Conclusions:

Results illustrate the psychopathology of autism spectrum disorder suspected children referred to a specialized autism diagnostic service, doing so by providing us with specific clinical profiles.
Review of management in cardiotoxic overdose and efficacy of delayed intralipid use
Authors: Walter Edward , McKinlay James , Corbett Jade , Kirk-Bayley Justin
Published: June 2017

We present the case of a 51-year-old woman admitted to our intensive care unit following an intentional overdose of a calcium channel antagonist and a beta blocker. The resultant hypotension was reversed with glucagon, noradrenaline, calcium and high-dose insulin. Despite these interventions, she remained vasoplegic and received a delayed, standard dose of intralipid. Subsequently, the vasoplegia resolved rapidly, and the vasopressor was stopped. Here, we review the management of overdose of calcium channel and beta-adrenergic receptor blockers, concentrating on the pharmacology of lipid emulsion therapy. There remain some unanswered questions about lipid emulsion therapy: treatment with lipid therapy is usually advocated as soon as possible; this case report suggests that it remains efficacious even if its administration were delayed.
TLR2-stimulating contaminants in glycoconjugate fractions prepared from Bacteroides fragilis
Authors: Hashimoto Masahito , Waki Junpei , Nakayama-Imaohji Haruyuki , Ozono Mami , Hashiguchi Shuhei , Kuwahara Tomomi
Published: June 2017

Bacteroides fragilis is a member of the normal intestinal flora and is involved in host immunostimulation via TLR2. On the bacterial cell surface, glycoconjugates, such as LPS and capsular polysaccharide A (PSA), have been reported to participate in host immunostimulation via TLR2. Previously, we identified a TLR2-stimulating lipoprotein in B. fragilis cells. In this study, we demonstrated that TLR2-stimulating principal molecules in glycoconjugate fractions prepared from B. fragilis are contaminating proteinous molecules, which may also be lipoproteins. The glycoconjugate fractions were prepared by phenol–hot water extraction of B. fragilis wild type and PSA-deficient strains, followed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. TLR2-stimilating activities of the fractions were not affected by PSA deficiency. By in-gel TLR2-stimulation assay, molecules in high-molecular-mass area, where capsular polysaccharides were migrated, were found not to stimulate TLR2, but those in the range of 15–40 kDa were active. Further, proteinase K could digest the latter molecules and the TLR2-stimulating activities were migrated to the area of below 15 kDa. These results support that proteinous molecules, which are estimated to be lipoproteins, are responsible for almost all TLR2-stimulating activity in the glycoconjugate fractions prepared from B. fragilis.
Decrease of CD69 levels on TCR Vα7.2+CD4+ innate-like lymphocytes is associated with impaired cytotoxic functions in chronic hepatitis B virus-infected patients
Authors: Yong Yean K , Tan Hong Y , Saeidi Alireza , Rosmawati Mohamed , Atiya Nadia , Ansari Abdul W , Rajarajeswaran Jayakumar , Vadivelu Jamuna , Velu Vijayakumar , Larsson Marie , Shankar Esaki M
Published: June 2017

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease that may progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Host immune responses represent the key determinants of HBV clearance or persistence. Here, we investigated the role of the early activation marker, CD69 and effector cytokines, granzyme B (GrB) and IFN-γ in the exhaustion of innate-like TCR Vα7.2+CD4+T cells, in 15 individuals with chronic HBV (CHB) infection where six were HBV DNA+ and nine were HBV DNA–. The percentage of cytokine-producing T cells and MAIT cells were significantly perturbed in HBV patients relative to healthy controls (HCs). The intracellular expression of GrB and IFN-γ was significantly reduced in MAIT cells derived from HBV-infected patients as compared to HCs, and the levels correlated with the percentage and levels [mean fluorescence intensity (MFI)] of CD69 expression. The total expression of CD69 (iMFI) was lower in CHB patients as compared to HCs. The frequency of CD69+ cells correlated with the levels of cytokine expression (MFI), particularly in CHB patients as compared to HCs. In summary, the polyfunctionality of peripheral T cells was significantly reduced among CHB patients, especially in the TCR Vα7.2+CD4+T cells, and the levels of cytokine expression correlated with functional cytokine levels.
New design concept of a downhill mountain bike frame made of a natural composite material
Authors: Collotta Massimo , Solazzi Luigi , Pandini Stefano , Tomasoni Giuseppe
Published: June 2017

In this work, the design of a new downhill mountain bike frame, made with an innovative natural composite, is presented. The study is based on an early finite element analysis of the characteristics and performance of a standard frame made of aluminum, allowing to define the loading conditions and to provide a design optimization of the frame in different race situations. The model was later implemented with the properties of a natural reinforced composite. The results obtained show that the new composite allows a weight reduction with a stiffness and a safety coefficient comparable to the standard aluminum frame.
Simulation of bone-determined range of motion in proximal humeral fractures
Authors: Majed Addie , Thangarajah Tanujan , Krekel Peter , Nelissen Rob , Reilly Peter , Bull Anthony , Emery Roger
Published: June 2017

Background

Predicting the outcome following fractures of the proximal humerus is an important consideration when effectively counselling patients and planning treatment. The purpose of the present study was to analyze different proximal humeral fracture configurations, using a computerized simulation model, aiming to predict the range of motion (ROM).

Methods

The computer tomography scans of 79 proximal humeral fractures were analyzed using a customized software system that simulated the range of movement at the glenohumeral joint. Four fracture patterns were investigated: (1) head split fractures; (2) greater tuberosity fractures; (3) lesser tuberosity fractures; and (4) combined tuberosity fractures.

Results

Intra-articular fractures had the smallest mean (SE) range of abduction and forward flexion [34.3° (6.6°) and 60.7° (12.4°)]. Isolated displaced greater tuberosity resulted in limited abduction but not forward flexion [75.0° (5.9°) and 118.2° (4.9°)]. Isolated lesser tuberosity fractures displayed a ROM comparable to that of healthy subjects [89.3° (3.3°) and 122.6° (3.4°) versus 102.3° (2.8°) and 96.2° (3.8°)]. The reduced head inclination angle was a relatively strong predictor of a limited range of abduction for all fracture types.

Conclusions

The present study describes a novel simulation system used to quantify the bone-determined ROM in proximal humeral fractures and may be a useful adjunct in the diagnostic armamentarium for proximal humeral fractures.
Clinical pharmacists in primary care: Provider satisfaction and perceived impact on quality of care provided
Authors: Truong Havan , Kroehl Miranda E , Lewis Carmen , Pettigrew Robin , Bennett Marialice , Saseen Joseph J , Trinkley Katy E
Published: June 2017

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to evaluate primary care provider satisfaction and perceived impact of clinical pharmacy services on the disease state management in primary care.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey with 24 items and 4 domains was distributed anonymously to pharmacy residency program directors across the United States who were requested to forward the survey to their primary care provider colleagues. Primary care providers were asked to complete the survey.

Results:

A total of 144 primary care providers responded to the survey, with 130 reporting a clinical pharmacist within their primary care practice and 114 completing the entire survey. Primary care providers report pharmacists positively impact quality of care (mean = 5.5 on Likert scale of 1–6; standard deviation = 0.72), high satisfaction with pharmacy services provided (5.5; standard deviation = 0.79), and no increase in workload as a result of clinical pharmacists (5.5; standard deviation = 0.77). Primary care providers would recommend clinical pharmacists to other primary care practices (5.7; standard deviation = 0.59). Primary care providers perceived specific types of pharmacy services to have the greatest impact on patient care: medication therapy management (38.6%), disease-focused management (29.82%), and medication reconciliation (11.4%). Primary care providers indicated the most valuable disease-focused pharmacy services as diabetes (58.78%), hypertension (9.65%), and pain (11.4%).

Conclusion:

Primary care providers report high satisfaction with and perceived benefit of clinical pharmacy services in primary care and viewed medication therapy management and disease-focused management of diabetes, hypertension, and pain as the most valuable clinical pharmacy services. These results can be used to inform development or expansion of clinical pharmacy services in primary care.
How can we elicit more complex thinking in Year 7 students for understanding and resolving life-issues?
Authors: Smith Thomas Richard , Knowles Anne Lesley
Published: June 2017

This article explores the cognitive processes by which Year 7 students (aged 11 to 13 years) use personal viewpoints to interpret and resolve life-issues. A Christian school located in the North West of Sydney wanted to find out if the proportionally higher occurrence of discipline issues in newly enrolled Year 7 students could be explained by those students having a more diverse range of personal viewpoints than Year 7 students who had been enrolled for a longer time. To address this question, we conducted a survey of Year 7 students at the school in early 2015. The survey consisted of five open-ended questions related to a hypothetical school bullying situation. The students’ answers were coded according to the various types of personal viewpoints they used to form an interpretation of the scenario event and to resolve the issue. The students’ responses reflected 18 personal viewpoints across the five questions. Their answers varied in their use of complex personal viewpoints – that is, answers consisting of two or more simple personal viewpoints. A pattern was discerned from the varying proportions of complex viewpoints each question elicited, some questions drawing a high proportion of complex viewpoints. The differing proportions of complex personal viewpoints used in answering each of the five questions suggested that a higher proportion of complex personal viewpoints indicated the occurrence of enhanced complex thinking. A further finding was that students used a higher proportion of complex personal viewpoints when answering questions that challenged them to take a third-person perspective on the protagonists in the narrative.
The Emperor Has No Clothes: Improving the Quality and Compliance of ITPs
Authors: Greene Gary
Published: June 2017

The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act of 2004 (IDEA) requires that an Individualized Education Program (IEP) for students with disabilities, age 16 years and older, include age appropriate transition assessment results aligned with measurable postsecondary goals. This section of the IEP is typically known as an Individual Transition Plan (ITP). A recent investigation found a number of ITPs did not meet the requirements of the IDEA. To support special education teachers in writing IDEA-compliant ITPs, this article presents suggestions for developing quality ITPs with specific emphasis on transition assessment. Discussion includes potential explanations for the lack of quality in presenting transition assessment results, recommendations for conducting transition assessment, transition assessment resources, and examples of quality and IDEA-compliant ITPs.
Heterogeneity in Trajectories of Depression in Response to Divorce Is Associated With Differential Risk for Mortality
Authors: Malgaroli Matteo , Galatzer-Levy Isaac R. , Bonanno George A.
Published: June 2017

Divorce is a common stressful event associated with both increased rates of depression and mortality. Given evidence of significant individual differences in depression following major life stressors, we examined if heterogeneous depression responses confer differential risk for mortality. Data from a population-based longitudinal study was utilized to identify individuals who experienced divorce ( n = 559). Prospective trajectories of depression severity from before to after divorce were identified using latent growth mixture modeling, and rates of mortality between trajectories were compared as a distal outcome. Four trajectories demonstrated strongest model fit: resilience (67%), emergent depression (10%), chronic pre- to postdivorce depression (12%), and decreasing depression (11%). Mortality base rate was 9.7% by 6 years postevent, and depression that emerged due to divorce was associated with significantly greater mortality risk compared to resilient (odds ratio [OR] = 2.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.05, 5.81]) and to married individuals, whereas chronic depression was not associated with greater risk.
The Bereavement Exclusion Debate in theDSM-5: A History
Authors: Zachar Peter , First Michael B. , Kendler Kenneth S.
Published: June 2017

Beginning with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed.; DSM-III), depressive episodes following the loss of a loved one were considered to represent normal grief if they did not include certain severe symptoms or if they lasted less than 2 months. This was called the bereavement exclusion rule. A debate about whether to eliminate the bereavement exclusion became a hotly contested issue during the DSM-5 revision process. The debate involved disagreements about which research studies were most relevant to assessing the validity of the bereavement exclusion rule, different value commitments regarding the distinction between normal and abnormal, and contrasting philosophical assumptions about the nature of psychiatric disorder. Based on a review of the arguments offered in academic journals, the blogosphere, and in the mass media, and on interviews with active participants in the debate, this article narrates a consensus history that reflects the diversity of viewpoints promoted during the debate and the diversity of views on the outcome.
The Value of Assessing Higher Education Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Melguizo Tatiana , Coates Hamish
Published: June 2017

Improving higher education student learning plays a critical role in advancing human capital. Assessment lies at the heart of such improvement, underlining the need for research and innovation in this field. This article reviews an AERA Open Special Topic published to advance assessment research and hence the success of higher education. It sketches key contexts, surveys selected articles, and stands back to frame future steps ahead.
Beyond Syncretism: A Dynamic Approach to Hybridity
Authors: Shaw R. Daniel
Published: June 2017

The term “syncretism” has had a difficult life. Despite blending positive and negative ideas, in Christian mission circles syncretism has become almost exclusively negative. Rather than yet another attempt to redeem the term, this article seeks to promote “hybridity” as a more neutral term, reflecting the reality of doing mission in our contemporary globalized yet increasingly particularized world. Drawing on the Indian postmodernist Homi Bhabha, the First Nations thinker Richard Twiss, and other recent writers, I seek to challenge our “modern mission” perspective and move toward accounting for biblical principles that pertain to all of Christianity in every local context.
Peptide-mediated mast cell activation: ligand similarities for receptor recognition and protease-induced regulation
Authors: Lu Lei , Kulka Marianna , Unsworth Larry D
Published: June 2017

MCs are crucial regulators of the innate immune response. MC degranulation is a rapid response mechanism that allows for the release of a stored plethora of inflammatory mediators, including histamine, heparin, various serine proteases, chemokines, and cytokines. The activation of MCs can lead to the de novo expression of a variety of chemokines and cytokines that can influence a variety of outcomes: inflammation, angiogenesis, and others. A variety of IgE-independent mediators, including IgG, cytokines, chemokines, exogenous molecules, drugs, and cationic peptides, and others, can directly trigger MC activation. For decades, various peptide stimuli, including peptide toxins, neuropeptides, antimicrobial peptides, and endogenous bioactive peptides, have been associated with MC allergic reactions in various physiologic and pathologic conditions. Recently, an activation mechanism has been established, whereby the MRGPRX2 receptor is involved in most of the peptide stimuli-related activation of human MCs. Interestingly, most of these peptide sequences seem to have a strong structural similarity that includes abundant positive charges and aromatic/aliphatic amino acids. In this review, we discuss the structures of known peptide stimuli and the receptors with which they interact for the express purpose of highlighting peptide elements as building blocks for tissue engineering applications.
Managing cancer and living meaningfully (CALM): A randomized controlled trial of a psychological intervention for patients with advanced cancer.
Authors: Rodin Gary , Lo Christopher , Rydall Anne , Nissim Rinat , Malfitano Carmine , Shnall Joanna , Zimmermann Camilla , Hales Sarah
Published: June 2017

LBA10001

Background: Patients with advanced cancer experience substantial distress in response to the burden of disease and the challenge of living meaningfully in the face of impending mortality. We developed a novel, brief, manualized psychotherapeutic intervention called CALM designed to alleviate distress and facilitate adjustment in this population. CALM consists of 3-6 individual sessions delivered over 3-6 months and supports exploration in 4 broad domains: 1) symptom management and communication with health care providers; 2) changes in self and relations with close others; 3) sense of meaning and purpose; and 4) the future and mortality. Methods: Patients with advanced cancer were recruited from outpatient clinics at a comprehensive cancer center and randomized to receive either CALM or usual care (UC). Assessments of depressive symptoms (primary outcome), death-related distress and other secondary outcomes were conducted at baseline, 3 (primary endpoint) and 6 months. ANCOVA was used to test for outcome differences between groups at follow-up, controlling for baseline scores. Results: Three hundred and five participants were recruited and randomized (n = 151 CALM; n = 154 UC). Compliance with the intervention was 77.5% and attrition was 28% (16% deceased, 8% lost to follow-up, 4% withdrew). The CALM group reported less severe depressive symptoms compared to UC at 3 (ΔM1-M2 = 1.09, p < 0.04; Cohen’s d = 0.23) and 6 months (ΔM1-M2 = 1.33, p < 0.01; Cohen’s d = 0.29). Other statistically significant findings in psychological well-being and preparation for the end of life at 3- and 6- months also favored CALM vs UC. Conclusions: CALM is an effective intervention for patients with advanced cancer that provides a systematic approach to alleviate distress and to address predictable challenges. Clinical trial information: NCT01506492.
Safety of pregnancy in patients (pts) with history of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC): Long-term follow-up analysis from a multicenter study.
Authors: Lambertini Matteo , Kroman Niels , Ameye Lieveke , Cordoba Octavi , Pinto Alvaro , Benedetti Giovanni , Jensen Maj-Britt , Gelber Shari I. , Del Grande Maria , Ignatiadis Michail , De Azambuja Evandro , Paesmans Marianne , Peccatori Fedro , Azim Jr. Hatem A.
Published: June 2017

LBA10066

Background: Physicians and pts remain concerned on the safety of pregnancy following BC, particularly in women with history of ER+ disease. Previously, we showed no detrimental effect of pregnancy on BC outcome within the first 5 years following conception (Azim et al. JCO 2013). Here, we report long-term follow-up data. Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study, pts with pregnancy after BC (pregnant cohort) were matched (1:3) according to tumor and treatment characteristics with pts without subsequent pregnancy (non-pregnant cohort). To adjust for guaranteed time bias, each non-pregnant pt should have been disease free for a minimum time not inferior to the time elapsing between BC diagnosis and conception in the matched pregnant one. Primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS) in pts with ER+ BC. Secondary endpoints were DFS and overall survival (OS) in ER-negative and all pts irrespective of ER status. We also evaluated the impact of induced abortion on BC outcome. Results: The study included 1,207 pts, 333 pregnant and 874 non-pregnant. A total of 57% of pts had ER+ BC. After 12.5 years from conception, no DFS difference was observed between pregnant and non-pregnant pts with ER+ BC (hazard ratio [HR] 0.94; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.70-1.26; p = 0.68), ER- BC (HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.53-1.06; p = 0.10), and all pts (HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.68-1.06; p = 0.15). There was no OS difference between the 2 cohorts in pts with ER+ BC (HR 0.84; 95% CI 0.60-1.18; p = 0.32), but a significant improved OS was observed in the pregnant cohort for ER- pts (HR 0.57; 95% CI 0.36-0.90; p = 0.01) yielding a significant overall estimate (HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.55-0.94; p = 0.02). Abortion did not have any impact on outcome (HR 0.80; 95% CI 0.56-1.13; p = 0.20), irrespective of ER status. Conclusions: This is the largest study addressing the safety of pregnancy in pts with history of ER+ BC. Long-term follow-up confirms that pregnancy is safe and should not be discouraged irrespective of ER status. Our results further strengthen the rationale of the ongoing IBCSG-BIG-NABCG POSITIVE trial (NCT02308085) addressing the role of temporary interruption of adjuvant endocrine therapy to allow pregnancy.
Overall survival results of a randomized trial assessing patient-reported outcomes for symptom monitoring during routine cancer treatment.
Authors: Basch Ethan M. , Deal Allison Mary , Dueck Amylou C. , Bennett Antonia Vickery , Atkinson Thomas Michael , Scher Howard I. , Kris Mark G. , Hudis Clifford A. , Sabbatini Paul , Dulko Dorothy , Rogak Lauren J. , Barz Allison Emily , Schrag Deborah
Published: June 2017

LBA2

Background: We previously reported significant benefits in quality of life, patient satisfaction, and emergency room utilization outcomes from a large single-center randomized controlled trial comparing web-based symptom monitoring with patient-reported outcomes (PROs) vs. usual care in patients receiving chemotherapy for metastatic solid tumors (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00578006). We now present overall survival results from this trial. Methods: Patients receiving routine outpatient chemotherapy for metastatic solid tumors at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center were randomly assigned to self-report 12 common symptoms via tablet computers (“PRO intervention”), or to usual care. Treating physicians received symptom printouts at visits and nurses received email alerts when participants reported severe or worsening symptoms. Overall survival was tabulated based on medical records and Social Security Death Index data, estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and compared between arms using a log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression adjusting for age, sex, race, education level, and cancer type. Results: Between September 2007 and January 2011, 766 patients were randomized, with median age 61 (range 26-91), 86% white, 58% female, and 22% with less than high school education. Cancer types included genitourinary (32% of patients), gynecologic (23%), breast (19%), and lung cancer (26%). Survival results were assessed in June 2016 after a median follow up of 7 years and 517/766 (67%) of participants had died. Median overall survival in the PRO intervention arm was 5 months longer than the control arm (31.2 vs. 26.0 months, p = 0.03). In the multivariable model, results remained statistically significant with a hazard ratio of 0.832 (p = 0.04; 95% CI; 0.696, 0.995). Conclusions: Systematic symptom monitoring during outpatient chemotherapy using web-based patient-reported outcomes confers overall survival benefits. These single-center results are being further evaluated in a national multicenter implementation trial. Clinical trial information: NCT00578006.
Second- or third-line nivolumab (Nivo) versus nivo plus ipilimumab (Ipi) in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) patients: Results of the IFCT-1501 MAPS2 randomized phase II trial.
Authors: Scherpereel Arnaud , Mazieres Julien , Greillier Laurent , Dô Pascal , Bylicki Olivier , Monnet Isabelle , Corre Romain , Audigier-Valette Clarisse , Locatelli-Sanchez Myriam , Molinier Olivier , Thiberville Luc , Urban Thierry , Ligeza-poisson Catherine , Planchard David , Amour Elodie , Morin Franck , Moro-Sibilot Denis , Zalcman Gerard ,   French Cooperative Thoracic Intergroup (IFCT)
Published: June 2017

LBA8507

Background: To date, no treatment is recommended in MPM pts progressing after 1st-line pemetrexed-platinum doublet. Disease control rate (DCR) is <30% with all drugs tested in 2nd-line setting. Preliminary results suggested possible activity of anti-PD-1 mAb in 2nd/3rd-line, opposed to single agent anti-CTLA-4 mAb. Therefore anti-PD1 mAb efficacy deserves confirmation, and anti-PD-1 + anti-CTLA-4 combination value is currently unknown in MPM. Methods: In this multicenter randomized non comparative phase 2 trial, eligible pts had age>18, PS 0-1, histologically proven MPM relapsing after 1 or 2 prior lines including pemetrexed/platinum doublet, measurable disease. Randomized pts (1:1) received Nivo 3 mg/kg q2w, or Nivo 3 mg/kg q2w + Ipi 1 mg/kg q6w, until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary endpoint was DCR at 12 weeks with a blinded independent central review (BICR). 114 patients were to be randomized (with 108 eligible), with one-step Fleming procedure, H0 P<20% vs H1 P>40%, with 95% power, 5% one-sided a-risk: ≥17 failure-free pts had to be observed at 12 weeks in either arm, to conclude to the activity of the corresponding regimen. Results: From March to August 2016, 125 pts were enrolled in 21 centers. Males: 80%, median age: 71.8 years (range 32.5-88.1), PS 1: 62.4%, epithelioid 83.2%, 1 previous line: 69.6%; 70% of pts received ≥ 3 cycles of either treatment. Twelve weeks-DCR assessed by BICR in the first 108 eligible pts was 42.6% [IC95%: 29.4-55.8%] with Nivo (n=23/54), and 51.9% [38.5-65.2%] with Nivo+Ipi (n=28/54). ORR was 16.7% [6.7%-26.6%] with Nivo (n=9/54), and 25.9% [14.2-37.6%] with Nivo+Ipi (n=14/54). All grade/G3-4 toxicities were slightly increased in the combo arm (86.9%/16.4%) vs Nivo alone (77.8%/9.5%); 3 treatment-related deaths were observed in the combo arm (1 metabolic encephalopathy, 1 fulminant hepatitis, 1 acute renal failure). Full QoL, PFS and OS data will be presented at 2017 ASCO meeting. Conclusions: Both Nivo and Nivo+Ipi arms reached their endpoint in 2nd/3rd-line MPM pts, suggesting that immunotherapy may provide new options for these pts. Clinical trial information: NCT02716272.
Effect of Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block on the Pulmonary Function of Obese Patients: A Prospective, Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Melton M. Stephen , Monroe Hanni E. , Qi Wenjing , Lewis Stephanie L. , Nielsen Karen C. , Klein Stephen M.
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND:

The effect of interscalene block (ISB) on pulmonary function of obese participants has not been investigated. The goal of this study is to assess the association of obesity (body mass index [BMI] >29 kg/m2 vs BMI <25 kg/m2) and change in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) after ISB in participants undergoing outpatient shoulder surgery.

METHODS:

This prospective, observational cohort study compared obese (BMI >29 kg/m2) and normal-weight (BMI <25 kg/m2) groups undergoing ISB for ambulatory shoulder surgery, on preblock and postblock FVC and FEV1, at 30 minutes postblock and in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). The primary outcome in this study was FVC% change (percentage change from preblock to postblock values of FVC) at 30 minutes postblock in the supine position. Secondary outcomes included FVC% change at PACU and in the sitting position, FEV1% change (percentage change from preblock to postblock values of FEV1), FVC, FEV1, incidence of diaphragmatic paresis, modified Borg scale for perceived dyspnea, Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale scores for sedation, and intraoperative airway events.

RESULTS:

Fourteen participants were recruited to each group. The mean (standard deviation) BMI in the normal-weight and obese groups was 23 (1.7) and 33 (3.1) kg/m2, respectively. ISB success rate was 100%. All participants demonstrated hemidiaphragmatic paresis after ISB. Compared to the normal-weight group, in the sitting position, the obese group had a significant decrease in FVC% change at 30 minutes (−30 [10.5] vs −23 [7.2], P = .046) and an FEV1% change in the PACU (−40 [12.6] vs −27 [13.9], P = .02). No difference was found for measurements taken in the supine position. A repeated-measures analysis demonstrated that, adjusted for position, there is no significant group effect on FVC% change or FEV1% change from 30 minutes to PACU. The 2 groups were not different in terms of breathlessness and sedation at 30 minutes (P = .67, P = .48, respectively) and in the PACU (P = .69, P > .99, respectively) nor in the occurrence of intraoperative airway events (P > .99).

CONCLUSIONS:

ISB is associated with greater FVC and FEV1 reductions in obese participants undergoing shoulder surgery compared to normal-weight participants. Neither time (30 minutes versus PACU) nor position (sitting versus supine) affected this relationship. Despite these changes, obesity was not associated with increased clinical respiratory symptoms or events.
Effects of starvation on the carbohydrate metabolism in Harmonia axyridis (Pallas)
Authors: Shi Zuo-Kun , Wang Su , Wang Shi-Gui , Zhang Lu , Xu Yan-Xia , Guo Xiao-Jun , Zhang Fan , Tang Bin
Published: June 2017

Trehalose plays an important role in energy storage, metabolism, and protection from extreme environmental conditions in insects. Trehalose is the main ‘blood’ sugar in insects, and it can be rapidly used as an energy source in times of need. To elucidate the mechanisms of the starvation response, we observed the effects of starvation on trehalose and glycogen, trehalase activity, and the relative gene expression of genes in the trehalose and glycogen metabolic pathways in the invasive beetle Harmonia axyridis. Our results show that trehalose levels and the activities of two types of trehalases decreased significantly in the first 8 h of starvation, while the relative expression of HaTreh1-1 increased. While trehalose remained nearly constant at a relatively high level from 8 to 24 h, glycogen levels decreased significantly from 8 h to 24 h of starvation. Likewise, glycogen phosphorylase (HaGP) expression was significantly higher at 12 to 24 h starvation than the first 8 h, while the expression of glycogen synthase (HaGS) was relatively stable. Furthermore, trehalose decreased significantly from 24 h starvation to 72 h starvation, while trehalase activities and the relative expression of some HaTreh genes generally increased toward the end of the starvation period. The expression of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (HaTPS) increased significantly, supporting the increase in trehalose synthesis. These results show that trehalose plays a key role in the energy provided during the starvation process through the molecular and biochemical regulation of trehalose and glycogen metabolism.
A mutation in keratin 18 that causes caspase-digestion resistance protects homozygous transgenic mice from hepatic apoptosis and injury
Authors: Yoon Han-Na , Yoon Sung-Yeon , Hong Jin-Hyuck , Ku Nam-On
Published: June 2017

Cytoskeletal keratin 18 (K18) undergoes caspase-mediated digestion during apoptosis, which leads to dramatic disassembly of keratin filaments. We studied the significance of K18 caspase digestion in a mouse model and generated transgenic mice expressing the human K18 caspase digestion-resistant double-mutant K18-D238/397E in a mouse (m) K18-null background, and compared their response to injury mediated by administration of antibody against tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (Fas), anti-FasAb. Notably, K18-D238/397E;mK18-null mice were significantly more resistant to anti-FasAb-induced injury as compared with K18-WT;mK18-null mice (23% vs 57% lethality, respectively; P<0.001). The same applied when the toxin microcystin-LR (MLR) was used to induce liver injury, i.e. lethality of K18-D238/397E;mK18-null mice in response to MLR treatment was reduced compared with the control mouse strain. The lesser rate of apoptosis in K18-D238/397E;mK18-null livers is associated with delayed degradation and, thus, sustained activation of cell-survival-related protein kinases, including stress-activated protein kinases and the NF-κB transcription factor, up to 6-8 h after administration of anti-FasAb. However, activation of the kinases and NF-κB in K18-WT-reconstituted livers decreases dramatically 8 h after anti-FasAb administration. In addition, the D238/397E double-mutation results in prolonged stability of K18 protein in transfected cells and transgenic livers. Therefore, our results show that the caspase digestion-resistant K18 helps to maintain keratin filament organization and delays apoptosis, thereby resulting in protection from liver injury.
Toxins in Brain! Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging of Toxic Leukoencephalopathy – A Pictorial Essay
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Drumsta Douglas , Mangla Manisha , Gupta Nishant , Hooda Kusum , Almast Jeevak , Mangla Rajiv
Published: June 2017

Toxic leukoencephalopathy results from damage to the white matter caused by various toxins. It manifests itself as white matter signal abnormalities with or without the presence of restricted diffusion. These changes are often reversible if the insulting agent is removed early, with the exception of posthypoxic leukoencephalopathy that can manifest itself 1–2 weeks after the initial insult. However, many other potential causes of white matter signal abnormalities can mimic the changes of toxic leukoencephalopathy. Thus, familiarity with the causes, clinical presentation and particularly imaging findings of toxic leukoencephalopathy is critical for early treatment and improved prognosis. The purpose of this pictorial essay is to familiarize the reader with the various causes of toxic leukoencephalopathy along with its differential diagnoses and mimics.
A community proposal to integrate proteomics activities in ELIXIR
Authors: Vizcaíno Juan Antonio , Walzer Mathias , Jiménez Rafael C. , Bittremieux Wout , Bouyssié David , Carapito Christine , Corrales Fernando , Ferro Myriam , Heck Albert J.R. , Horvatovich Peter , Hubalek Martin , Lane Lydie , Laukens Kris , Levander Fredrik , Lisacek Frederique , Novak Petr , Palmblad Magnus , Piovesan Damiano , Pühler Alfred , Schwämmle Veit , Valkenborg Dirk , van Rijswijk Merlijn , Vondrasek Jiri , Eisenacher Martin , Martens Lennart , Kohlbacher Oliver
Published: June 2017

Computational approaches have been major drivers behind the progress of proteomics in recent years. The aim of this white paper is to provide a framework for integrating computational proteomics into ELIXIR in the near future, and thus to broaden the portfolio of omics technologies supported by this European distributed infrastructure. This white paper is the direct result of a strategy meeting on ‘The Future of Proteomics in ELIXIR’ that took place in March 2017 in Tübingen (Germany), and involved representatives of eleven ELIXIR nodes.

These discussions led to a list of priority areas in computational proteomics that would complement existing activities and close gaps in the portfolio of tools and services offered by ELIXIR so far. We provide some suggestions on how these activities could be integrated into ELIXIR’s existing platforms, and how it could lead to a new ELIXIR use case in proteomics. We also highlight connections to the related field of metabolomics, where similar activities are ongoing. This white paper could thus serve as a starting point for the integration of computational proteomics into ELIXIR. Over the next few months we will be working closely with all stakeholders involved, and in particular with other representatives of the proteomics community, to further refine this paper.
BASICS OF THE JUDICIAL CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW AND ENFORCEMENT IN RUSSIAN AND BRAZILIAN FEDERAL STRUCTURE
Authors: Семеновский Игорь , Semenovskiy Igor'
Published: June 2017

This article is devoted to the comparative analysis of bases of legal regulation of the constitutional proceedings and enforcement in the Russian Federation and the Federative Republic of Brazil, whihc are the Member States of BRICS. The author provides a brief overview of the constitutional regulation of the judiciary and a comparative analysis of the models of judicial constitutional control in Brazil and Russia; examines in detail the legal regulation of judicial constitutional control of the two states, including a review of the constitutional regulation of judicial procedures used by the Federal Supreme Court of Brazil. The article contains a few examples of the application by the highest bodies of judicial constitutional control of the constitutional principles of the federal structure and analyzes some decisions of the Federal Supreme Court of Brazil and Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, which have influenced the development of federalism in these states. On the basis of the study of the basic laws and other acts the author has made a conclusion about the similarities and differences in the legal regulation of judicial constitutional control in the sphere under consideration. So, he marked even more rigid interpretation of the Constitution by the Federal Supreme Court of Brazil, unlike the Russian practice, to the consideration of cases on conformity with Brasilian Constitution, state legislation and other normative-legal acts. For example, Brazilian and Russian federalism specifies and examines the constitutional principle of the Federal structure – the principle of symmetry. The conclusion is that the approach of the Russian legislator and the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is more variable to regulate the issues and opportunities change the criteria of construction of models of organization of state power at the level of constituent entities of the Russian Federation with greater freedom in determining the internal structure then in Brazil.
CONTEMPORARY STATE OF GERMAN COPYRIGHT LAW
Authors: Юмашев Юрий , Yumashev Yuriy , Постникова Елена , Postnikova Elena
Published: June 2017

This article analyzes the common problems of German copyright law (GCL). The authors begin with the concept of copyright law, emphasizing the personal, absolute and inalienable GCL. It operates on the basis of the so-called “monistic doctrine”, whereby its indivisibility and the creative individuality of the author play a vital role.
Then the authors describe the sources of GCL (first of all, the Basic Law of Germany, the German Law on Copyright and Related Rights, the International Convention on Copyright, the Agreement on trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (trips) concluded under the World Trade Organization (WTO), and the primary and secondary law of the European Union).
Also there is an analysis of objects of GCL (copyrighted works) and their main elements: personal character, intellectual content, forms, and their perception of others. Original work must be the result of intellectual effort of the author, who is the subject of copyright.
The content of the GCL, the mechanism of its regulation and the scope of its application, including the dates of validity are
analyzed in present article.
Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of copyright and publishing contracts, issues of related rights, as well as a distinctive trait of GCL – the societies for the collective management of copyright and related rights. Also the article addresses civil and criminal penalties for violations of the GCL.
In conclusion the authors noted that the images of historically significant personalities can be published without their consent in a public and justice interests.