bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Originalism All the Way Down. Or: The Explosion of Progressivism
Authors: Jaworski Peter Martin
Published: February 2017

It is often said that the Constitution does not interpret itself, that we are in need of a theory of interpretation for constitutions. This need has led to a flourishing literature on constitutional interpretation. Statutes, also, stand in need of a theory of interpretation, and that obvious need has led to a robust literature on that subject. What is said too infrequently is that Supreme Court rulings do not interpret themselves, that we are in need of a theory of interpretation for rulings. In this essay, I assess the question of what is an appropriate doctrine of ruling interpretation by applying the arguments of the living constitutionalists to Supreme Court rulings. Contemporary proponents of a progressive doctrine of interpretation for constitutions—variously called the ‘living tree,’ ‘living force,’ or ‘living constitution’ doctrines of interpretation—appear to embrace two theses. The first thesis, which we can call the ‘progressive thesis,’ is the view that the Supreme Court ought to ensure that our highest laws are in compliance with contemporary values. The second thesis is the ‘doctrine of judicial supremacy’ which maintains that all lower judicial and non-judicial actors are to accept and adhere to the rulings of the Supreme Court.

I argue that these two theses—the progressive thesis and the doctrine of judicial supremacy—are in tension with one another. Embracing the second thesis requires abandoning the first, while embracing the first thesis requires abandoning the second. Contemporary living constitutionalism, as defended by prominent advocates like Chief Justice Beverly McLachlin, Justice Ian Binnie, Australian Justice Michael Kirby, legal scholar Peter Hogg, and others, is incoherent. In the end, those who embrace the progressive thesis must rely on the claim that the Supreme Court ought to have a monopoly on the use of progressive interpretation, and that lower courts and non-judicial actors must use originalist methods for interpreting the text of Supreme Court rulings. To make this argument, the advocates of progressive constitutional interpretation must be advocates of originalism—not half-hearted supporters, but enthusiastic, full-on supporters, however much they may, elsewhere in their writings, condemn originalism as a practically-flawed, unworkable, or unenlightened method of interpretation.
The Problem of Political Authority: An Examination of the Right to Coerce and the Duty to Obey by Michael Huemer
New York: Palgrave
2013. Pp. xii, 394. Index. 978-1137281654.
Authors: Chartier Gary
Published: February 2017

In The Problem of Political Authority, Michael Huemer argues for anarchism, and so against the authority of state-made law and against the moral legitimacy of the use of force to compel obedience to this kind of law. He explains why the state lacks legitimate authority before suggesting reasons to think that it isn’t necessary as a source of social order. He opts for minimalist moral foundations, eschewing any sort of elaborate normative theory in favor of the intuitionist approach to moral reasoning he defended in his earlier Ethical Intuitionism; his decision to opt for minimalist foundations should make the book accessible to readers inclined to endorse a wide range of normative assumptions.
Historical Injustice, Rawlsian Egalitarianism, and Political Contestation
Authors: Hendrix Burke A.
Published: February 2017

Jeremy Waldron has plausibly argued that historical injustices can be superseded by serious efforts to achieve justice in the present and future. This essay considers what it might mean to arrange things justly in the relevant way, focusing on the work of John Rawls as our best existing template for conceptualizing justice of this kind. The essay outlines ways in which a Rawlsian system of social justice seems unable to meet its own normative aspirations and unable to provide a model for overcoming historically constituted disadvantage. As the essay argues, the society described by Rawls is likely to remain divided by inherited class structures, given the motivational requirements of markets and the psychological effects of the division of labor, so that inheritors of historical injustice would remain disadvantaged even if Rawlsian principles were put into practice. The essay considers some speculative methods for overcoming these inequalities, and argues that the most promising approach in circumstances as we know them will draw on already-existing programs of compensation for historical expropriation. The essay also argues that Rawlsians should take seriously the application of the difference principle to the distribution of political authority alongside material resources, suggesting that we should give careful thought to how political structures can protect the interests of the least advantaged. The paper argues that, once again, existing mechanisms for Aboriginal self-governance are more appropriate as a system of forward-looking justice than they may otherwise appear. The essay argues in closing that political philosophy should give increased attention to the ethics of political action and to conflict among the disadvantaged in imperfect circumstances.
Libertarianism, Rectification and Property Rights: A Re-evaluation
Authors: Perez Nahshon
Published: February 2017

A famous libertarian argument is that any allocation of property is just, if it is the result of legitimate original acquisitions and legitimate transfers (‘justice in holdings’). However current ownership of property rarely follows ‘justice in holdings’. This creates a dilemma for libertarianism. If libertarian principles point to protecting current holdings, the result is a violation of ‘justice in holdings’. If the libertarian position requires that only holdings resulting from justice in holdings are legitimate, this will entail a policy of rectification and redistribution. Three major libertarians attempted to offer solutions to this problem: Nozick, Narveson and Epstein. The goal of this essay is to demonstrate that their solutions face two challenges.First, their solutions come into conflict with certain core libertarian principles.Second, their solutions are so different from one another as to be incompatible with each other. This demonstrates that libertarianism is struggling with a fundamental challenge, and a satisfying solution is yet to be suggested by libertarians.
Is it Really That Easy? A Critique of Proportionality and ‘Balancing as Reasoning’
Authors: Urbina Francisco J.
Published: February 2017

The proportionality test is the subject of much debate, both in academia and in the legal community. In a recent article, Kai Möller presents a powerful defence of proportionality in reply to objections made against it. The reply is premised on a distinct account of proportionality, which has become prominent in recent writings of proponents of this test, and which is different from other more traditional accounts. Here I aim to clarify this change in the understanding of proportionality, its importance for the proportionality debate, and to offer a critique of it. This version of proportionality would sacrifice many important features of the rule of law, and, crucially, it would offer no guidance to judges, thus diminishing the likelihood of judges arriving at a reasonable solution to the case and fulfilling important values at stake in legal adjudication.
‘Obligations’, Decolonization and Indigenous Rights to Governance
Authors: Christie Gordon
Published: February 2017

Many contemporary Indigenous communities in Canada assert an ability to make fundamental authoritative decisions about what is acceptable use of their territories. I focus on the question of legal obligations that might befall the Crown in its relationships with these communities and their claims. I argue that any such obligations must be seen as culturally and contextually specific, not only in the sense that particular Crown obligations take on content and form within the context of the culture within which the Canadian legal system has emerged but also in the sense that this non-Indigenous culture and history generate the very meaning of the notion of ‘obligation’ here at play. This culturally determined meaning functions to make it extremely difficult to make sense of the notion the Crown actually has legal obligations in relation to Indigenous assertions of authority over territories. This suggests decolonization in this context should be focused on discursive colonization and its undoing. Along those lines I offer a sketch of what ‘legal obligation’ might mean in an Indigenous cultural-historical setting. Within this way of understanding the situation, addressing questions of Crown obligations would begin with consideration of Indigenous systems of meaning-generation. Analysis would focus on working out what it means within such normative worlds to determine a party has a legal obligation, and would then turn to what this has to say about legal obligations that might be understood to fall on the Crown.

I argue that while the Crown will almost certainly not respond to claims it has legal obligations within what it takes to be separate legal systems, describing the landscape this way paints a truer picture of the world as it presents itself. The landscape has been, and continues to be, one of distinct meaning-generating peoples, each determining what it understands such concepts as ‘legal obligations’ to mean and entail. The colonial agenda has been for many generations to deny the existence of Indigenous systems, to have Indigenous communities come to think of ‘legal obligations’ in ways colonial authorities determine. Decolonization – in this form – requires a backing out of these ways of thinking. This article clears away forms of thinking that obstruct our view, giving us all an opportunity to perceive the complex landscape we in fact inhabit.
Human Dignity in Adjudication: The Limits of Placeholding and Essential Contestability Accounts
Authors: Baruah Pritam
Published: February 2017

Employing moral values as justifications in judicial decisions has been controversial. At present, there is increasing controversy over the application of human dignity. Contemporary debates on the role of dignity in law and adjudication are heavily influenced by Christopher McCrudden’s account of dignity as a placeholder, and much thinking on the contested nature of values is influenced by WB Gallie’s idea of Essentially Contested Concepts. In this paper I argue that both these accounts have limited explanatory and normative potential. McCrudden’s account is illuminating in terms of the role of dignity in the UDHR, but weak in terms of explaining why employing dignity in adjudication yields diverging conclusions, and why dignity should be understood to be a placeholder. His reliance on Gallie’s idea of Essentially Contested Concepts is also misplaced. Gallie’s views often serve as a philosophical basis for understanding the contested nature of values generally. I argue that his account is an external-descriptive one, which cannot explain why persistent disagreement ensues because of the peculiar nature of some concepts. Neither does it point out any property of essential contestability that is unique to some concepts. Thinking on how values such as dignity can figure as justifications for decisions, therefore, must explore other alternatives.
TRAIL-ing TWAIL: Arguments and Blind Spots in Third World Approaches to International Law
Authors: Haskell John D.
Published: February 2017

Beginning in the early 1990s, Third World Approaches to International Law scholarship (TWAIL) destabilized the mainstream narrative within international law that its doctrines were constituted by the historic search for order between formally equal state sovereigns. Instead, TWAIL scholars argued that the key constitutive dynamic of the discipline was the colonial experience, which continues to hold powerful sway over the legal architecture of global regulation whereby international law functions to perpetuate inequality and oppression. At the same time, however, TWAIL scholarship regularly posits international law as an emancipatory force that may be mobilized on behalf of former colonized populations and other marginalized social identities. The rise of post-Marxist scholarship, and more generally, the turn to interdisciplinary within the profession in recent years offers an opportunity to analyze this curious paradox and construct alternative modes of analysis for future TWAIL scholarship. In the first section, the paper draws upon a diverse array of TWAIL scholars over the last thirty years to map the argumentative logic within TWAIL literature. In the second section, the paper incorporates debates and insights from complimentary academic disciplines to illuminate some blind spots within TWAIL’s central arguments, and potentially ‘radicalize’ its future possibility of critique against the growing inequality within global governance.
The (True) Nature of a Beneficiary’s Equitable Proprietary Interest under a Trust
Authors: Penner J. E.
Published: February 2017

In recent years Chambers, Smith, McFarlane and Stevens have all sought to explain the nature of equitable proprietary rights by way of the concept of a ‘right to (or ‘in’, or ‘against’) a right’. In this paper I argue that there is a sense in which this conceptualisation of the beneficiary’s equitable proprietary under a trust is illuminating, but that, rather than a right to the trustee’s possessory interest in tangible property, the ‘rights’ of the trustee in which the beneficiary is interested are the trustee’s powers of title. I also contend, in a ‘fusionist’ spirit, that equitable property interests should not be treated as a particular ‘legal kind’, but rather that only interests under trusts should be regarded as a distinct sort of property interest within the numerus clausas. I go on to show how the proposed analysis best explains (1) our notion of ‘beneficial interest’ under a trust; (2) why a trustee is not a residual claimant to the trust assets; (3) the interest of a discretionary object of a trust; (4) the rules of and rationale for tracing; and (5) the ‘automatic’ resulting trust.
From Status to Contract: The Unhappy Case of Johann Sebastian Bach
Authors: Yovel Jonathan
Published: February 2017

This essay, of course, is not about Bach’s musicology: it is about the partially overlapping stories of Bach and of contract. The overlap concerns the legal relations between the creative, entrepreneurial artist and the community he joined and resented; the tensions, ironies and contradictions—but also usefulness—of contract as a way to tell and reinterpret movement along the proverbial “status to contract” narrative of modernity; what Bach found there, and how this may serve as both a specific story of artistic genius in the shadow of law and a case study for the contractual organization of relations in a transformative period of early modernity.
Legal Philosophy in the Twentieth Century: The Common Law World by Gerald J. Postema

*

Springer, 2011. Pgs VII-XXV, 3-618. ISBN 978-90-481-8959-5. The words in double quotation marks have a page number for reference; those in single quotation marks are merely bits of characteristic language used in the book.
Authors: Bronaugh Richard
Published: February 2017

This big book recounts the march of the giants of 20th century English language jurisprudence, one aiming to bring progress to history by means of a sustained philosophical inquiry over time. My task in this CJLJ Book Review is especially to show, by discussing but a small aspect of each chapter, how valuable Postema’s book is for a philosopher of law professionally. It is a story which for many well-practiced jurisprudes could spell, in a word, réanimation. That said: if someone early in the 22nd century writes a history of legal philosophy looking back on the 21st century, Gerald Postema’s critical history which looks back on 20th century will surely be counted as one of the major achievements of the 21st—our time. Legal Philosophy in the Twentieth Century: The Common Law World is a brilliant book and, for the rest of us incapable of achieving anything like this (and I mean the rest of us), it is simply breathtaking.
Multiple high-risk HPV genotypes are grouped by type and are associated with viral load and risk factors
Authors: DEL RÍO-OSPINA L. , SOTO-DE LEÓN S. C. , CAMARGO M. , SÁNCHEZ R. , MORENO-PÉREZ D. A. , PÉREZ-PRADOS A. , PATARROYO M. E. , PATARROYO M. A.
Published: February 2017

Investigating whether high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types tend to become grouped in a particular way and whether factors are associated with such grouping is important for measuring the real impact of vaccination. In total, 219 women proving positive for HPV as detected by real-time PCR were included in the study. Each sample was analysed for detecting and quantifying six viral types and the hydroxymethylbilane synthase gene. Multiple correspondence analysis led to determining grouping patterns for six HR-HPV types and simultaneous association with multiple variables and whether viral load was related to the coexistence of other viral types. Two grouping profiles were identified: the first included HPV-16 and HPV-45 and the second profile was represented by HPV-31, HPV-33 and HPV-58. Variables such as origin, contraceptive method, births and pregnancies, educational level, healthcare affiliation regime, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and viral load were associated with these grouping profiles. Different socio-demographic characteristics were found when coinfection occurred by phylogenetically related HPV types and when coinfection was due to non-related types. Biological characteristics, the number of viral copies, temporality regarding acquiring infection and competition between viral types could influence the configuration of grouping patterns. Characteristics related to women and HPV, influence such interactions between coexisting HPV types reflecting the importance of their evaluation.
Miracles Take a Little Longer: Science, Commercialisation, Cures and the Dore Program
Authors: Stephenson Jennifer , Wheldall Kevin
Published: February 2017

In this article, the evidence regarding a proposed ‘cure’ for dyslexia and other, arguably related, conditions is examined critically. The origins and history of the Dore program and its progenitors, its introduction to Australia and its advertising claims are reviewed, with a focus on the claims made with regard to dyslexia, and particularly with regard to reading. The article compares the claims made about the program and the existing published research, considers whether the Dore program makes conceptual sense in the light of current scientific research and theory, evaluates the existing specific evidence adduced by its advocates as proof for the efficacy of the program, and compares the claims made by the program promoters with the scientific evidence available. It is concluded that none of the necessary desiderata to substantiate claims for a cure are met by the available scientific evidence for the efficacy of the Dore program.
Children in out-of-home care in Australia: International comparisons
Authors: Tilbury Clare , Thoburn June
Published: February 2017

As governments increasingly search globally for strategies to improve child welfare outcomes, it is vital to consider how policies and programs developed in other countries are likely to suit local conditions. Routinely collected child welfare administrative data can provide contextual information for cross-national comparisons. This article examines out-of-home care in Australia compared to other developed countries, and explores possible explanations for differences in patterns and trends. In doing so, it also examines the similarities and differences between NSW, Victoria and Queensland. It is argued that a sound understanding of how out-of-home care is used, the profile of children in care and the influences on data can assist policy makers to match proposed solutions to clearly understood current problems. The imperative is to plan and implement policies and programs that locate out-of-home care within a range of child welfare services that meet the diverse needs of children and families within local contexts.
Indigenous Higher Education: The Role of Universities in Releasing the Potential
Authors: Andersen Clair , Bunda Tracey , Walter Maggie
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The participation rate of Indigenous people in higher
education is comparatively disparately low across all
sectors. In this paper we examine the pivotal role of the
university sector in addressing this inequity and releasing
the potential for increased Indigenous enrolment,
participation and completion in higher education.
Indigenous higher education, we argue, is core university
business, not an equity issue, and a unique opportunity
currently exists for achieving significant progress. Using
examples of best practice we show how universities can take
positive practical steps to overcome the commonly
identified barriers to Indigenous higher education success.
We also propose four specific strategies for increasing
Indigenous higher education success across all facets. We
extend our analysis to the low Indigenous representation
among university staff arguing that a greater presence and
nurturing of Indigenous staff, academic and general is a
vital facet of improving Indigenous higher education access
and success. Finally, we argue that a longitudinal study of
Indigenous higher education participation is needed to
provide an evidence base to inform and increase the
efficacy of policy in this area.
Bridging the Gap: Identifying Needs and Aspirations of Indigenous Students to Facilitate their Entry into University
Authors: Hossain Delwar , Gorman Don , Williams-Mozely John , Garvey Darlene
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The negative trend of enrolment of Indigenous students
into tertiary study indicates gaps between their current
achievement and knowledge levels and university
requirements for admission. This study was designed to
determine the perceived needs, attitudes and knowledge of
Indigenous secondary school students when considering
admission to university; investigate remedial strategies in
order to make university a more attractive choice for
Indigenous students; and ascertain the types of assistance
and support the Indigenous students would like to receive
in order to meet the enrolment requirements as well as
completion of study at university.
Focus groups were conducted with 50 Indigenous students
in Years 10 to 12 within the Toowoomba District and surveys
conducted with 30 first year Indigenous undergraduate and
Indigenous Higher Education Pathways Program (IHEPP)
students at the University of Southern Queensland.
The findings of the research illustrated that the school
students were not aware of the IHEPP and university
programs. Scholarships and bursaries need to be developed
and publicised. Tutorial assistance and learning support
(e.g., assignment preparation, multicultural activities,
childcare facilities, group accommodation) needs to be
promoted. Furthermore, there is a need for the university
to establish and maintain relationships with local
Indigenous communities and understand the “cultural
dimension” impacting on Indigenous students and their
families.
Towards Pedagogies of Mathematics Achievement: An Analysis of Learning Advisers' Approaches to the Tutoring of Mathematics in the Indigenous Tertiary Entry Program
Authors: Makuwira Jonathan
Published: February 2017

Abstract This research examined different ways in which tutors of mathematics approach their tutoring among Indigenous students enrolled in the Tertiary Entry Program (TEP) at Central Queensland University's Indigenous Learning, Spirituality and Research Centre. The study sought to establish whether or not there were any differences between Indigenous and non-Indigenous tutors' approaches to tutoring and, document challenges and opportunities in tutoring mathematics to Indigenous students. Using qualitative data obtained from interviews, the study raised more questions than answers. The results reflect tutors' own teaching orientations. This is particularly clear when all of the tutors who participated in this study were NOT mathematics trained teachers but had either taken interest in the subject as a result of doing a mathematics-related subject such as engineering and science. Overall, there was consensus that establishing rapport between the students and Learning Advisers was crucial. Knowing who the students are and, vice versa, was also considered fundamental. For some, it was an acknowledgment that both the tutor and the student were on a discovery journey. The majority of the tutors prefer a process where a mathematical concept was explained first, followed by an application of real life situations.
Embedding Literacy in Indigenous Education Through Assisant Teachers: Lessons from the National Accelerated Literacy Program
Authors: Cooper James
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper addresses the potential importance of
assistant teachers in confronting the challenges of
Indigenous literacy education. A discussion is raised with
reference to a range of relevant literature, while
reflections drawn from the author's involvement in
evaluating the National Accelerated Literacy Program (NALP)
in the Northern Territory are used to highlight an urgent
need and vital opportunity to support assistant teachers –
as mainstay figures in Indigenous education – in becoming
“wellsprings” of literate practice and principled pedagogy.
An overview of Accelerated Literacy methodology and the
NALP is provided as a framework for considering how to
embed strong literate practices and principled pedagogy in
remote Indigenous communities through the provision of
empowering professional development to Indigenous assistant
teachers: facilitating for them a genuine and qualified
status as literacy educators. The prospects and challenges
of pursuing such an opportunity, in the context of NALP,
are likewise considered.
Enabling Voice: Perceptions of Schooling from Rural Aboriginal Youth at Risk of Entering the Juvenile Justice System
Authors: Edwards-Groves Christine , Murray With Colleen
Published: February 2017

Abstract In this article the perceptions of school experiences by male Aboriginal youth at risk of becoming in contact with the juvenile justice system are presented. These adolescent boys, from inland rural New South Wales, attend Tirkandi Inaburra Cultural and Development Centre (Tirkandi). Tirkandi is a short term residential centre designed to provide at risk boys with an opportunity to participate in strengths-based culturally appropriate educational, cultural, social and personal programs. In this study, participants give detailed accounts of schooling describing their lives as students. Their voices offer a powerful insight into the situated construction of agency and identity in classroom life, culture and learning among Aboriginal students. They serve as a window in to how perceptions and voice are socially-culturally-politically configured – both in their production and deployment. Further, they show the complexity and deeply problematic nature of how individuals' lived experiences collide across contexts when these contexts operate in isolation. The insider's voices, presented in this paper, are significant because they offer valuable insights that will encourage educators to be challenged by the relational architecturesdominating teaching practices. These voices form not just the backdrop but the centerpiece for discussion in this paper.
THE POSITIVIST UNIVERSALISM AND REPUBLICANISM OF THE YOUNG TURKS
Authors: TURNAOĞLU BANU
Published: February 2017

This article explores positivist universalism, one of the central aspects of contemporary approaches in political theory, through the study of the Young Turks’ political thought. Current scholarship portrays the Young Turks as champions of a national cause, limited to overthrowing despotism and relaunching the Constitution of 1876 in the Ottoman Empire. This neglects their broader aim to guarantee peace, order, and progress, both at home and abroad, by adopting Comtean universal positivism, and it distorts their vision of society, politics, and history. From their base in Paris the Young Turks challenged the Eurocentric conception of universalism, suggesting a more egalitarian and comprehensive conception that has yet to be recognized. This article shows that, transcending the conventional boundaries between Western and non-Western political thought, the Young Turks’ political ideology presents an early example of the formation of a modern, pluralist worldview, and that their core conceptions had a deep impact on the founding of Turkish republicanism.
Low-cost and compact 3D circularly polarized Microstrip antenna with high efficiency and wide beamwidth
Authors: Chen Xi , Wei Zhen , Wu Dan , Yang Long , Fu Guang
Published: February 2017

A compact three-dimensional (3D) circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna is presented in this paper. The antenna adopts three low-cost printed circuit boards to form an integrated and closed 3D structure, and the radiation patch and the feed patches are etched on the surface of that. A crossed slot is cut on the radiation patch to miniaturize the antenna, and triangular feed patches are introduced to increase the bandwidths. In addition, because of the utilization of a low-loss series feed line, the antenna has a high efficiency of more than 95%. A prototype of the antenna is measured to validate the method. The dimensions of the antenna is 0.064λ × 0.36λ (λ is the wavelength in free space at 1.2 GHz). The results indicate that the impedance bandwidth for voltage standing wave ratio ≤ 2 reaches 23%, and the bandwidth for axial ratio (AR) ≤ 3 dB reaches 10.1%. In the overlap band, the gains are > 4.5dBic. Additionally, the 3 dB beamwidth is more than 114°, and the beamwidth for AR ≤ 3 dB is more than 131° at 1.2 GHz.
Black and White or Shades of Grey? Comparing Social Representations Centrality Models
Authors: Wachelke Joao
Published: February 2017

The present study, aligned with the structural approach on social representations (SR), aimed at comparing dichotomous (central vs. peripheral) and continuous models of structural status of SR elements. The sample was formed by 114 undergraduate students who completed context independence tasks and resistance to change evaluations related to 30 elements from 3 SR objects. Non-nested regression models having resistance to change as the criterion variable and dichotomous and continuous operationalizations of symbolic value as predictors were compared. Statistical results complemented by follow-up t-tests challenge the dichotomous model and support a continuous quadratic one. The curve is interpreted as being related to different evaluations when elements are attributed to a majority or a minority and point out to the need to employ within subjects designs in future research assessing more properties with composite measures.
The Role of Morphology in Reading in Spanish-Speaking Children with Dyslexia
Authors: Suárez-Coalla Paz , Cuetos Fernando
Published: February 2017

Morphemes facilitate visual word recognition, leading to greater accuracy and fluency in reading morphologically complex words. In children with dyslexia, the morphological structure might be useful to reduce difficulties caused by phonological deficits. The aim of this study was to determine whether Spanish-speaking children with dyslexia benefit from morphemes when reading. A group of children with dyslexia of different ages (7 to 10 years) and a group of children without reading disabilities, matched on chronological age and gender, participated in a task of reading isolated words and pseudowords in which morphological complexity was manipulated. Half of the stimuli were morphologically simple and half morphologically complex. Children with dyslexia benefit from morphology since they have better performance with the morphologically complex stimuli. These results indicate that they are able to develop representations of units larger than the grapheme, what suggests that Spanish-speaking children with dyslexia use the morphological structure to overcome their difficulties in phonological recoding. These results have important implications for the rehabilitation of children with dyslexia.
Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Composite Scale of Morningness
Authors: Önder İsmail , Beşoluk Şenol , Horzum Mehmet Barış
Published: February 2017

The Composite Scale of Morningness is widely used and translated into several languages. The aim of the study was to present psychometric properties of Turkish version of CSM based on a sample of high school and university students. A total of 543 high school and 650 university students have participated in to the study. The internal consistency coefficient was found to be .73 (high school) and .80 (university). The test-retest reliability of the scale was .89 in high school sample and .84 in university sample. The mean CMS scores did not differ by gender in both samples. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the scale is valid. As an external validation, morningness was associated with MEQ scores, sleep length, mid-point of sleep, rising and retiring time. The data obtained in the study suggested that the Turkish version of the CSM is a reliable and valid instrument to assess circadian preference in both high school and university samples.
EPA Comes Under the Gun in Congressional Hearing
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: February 2017

The hearing also examined a complaint that a former NOAA scientist manipulated data in a high-profile global warming paper.
Stepwise reprogramming of liver cells to a pancreas progenitor state by the transcriptional regulator Tgif2
Authors: Cerdá-Esteban Nuria , Naumann Heike , Ruzittu Silvia , Mah Nancy , Pongrac Igor M. , Cozzitorto Corinna , Hommel Angela , Andrade-Navarro Miguel A. , Bonifacio Ezio , Spagnoli Francesca M.
Published: February 2017

The development of a successful lineage reprogramming strategy of liver to pancreas holds promises for the treatment and potential cure of diabetes. The liver is an ideal tissue source for generating pancreatic cells, because of its close developmental origin with the pancreas and its regenerative ability. Yet, the molecular bases of hepatic and pancreatic cellular plasticity are still poorly understood. Here, we report that the TALE homeoprotein TGIF2 acts as a developmental regulator of the pancreas versus liver fate decision and is sufficient to elicit liver-to-pancreas fate conversion both ex vivo and in vivo. Hepatocytes expressing Tgif2 undergo extensive transcriptional remodelling, which represses the original hepatic identity and, over time, induces a pancreatic progenitor-like phenotype. Consistently, in vivo forced expression of Tgif2 activates pancreatic progenitor genes in adult mouse hepatocytes. This study uncovers the reprogramming activity of TGIF2 and suggests a stepwise reprogramming paradigm, whereby a ‘lineage-restricted’ dedifferentiation step precedes the identity switch.
Obliquity-paced climate change recorded in Antarctic debris-covered glaciers
Authors: Mackay Sean L. , Marchant David R.
Published: February 2017

The degree to which debris-covered glaciers record past environmental conditions is debated. Here we describe a novel palaeoclimate archive derived from the surface morphology and internal debris within cold-based debris-covered glaciers in Antarctica. Results show that subtle changes in mass balance impart major changes in the concentration of englacial debris and corresponding surface topography, and that over the past ∼220 ka, at least, the changes are related to obliquity-paced solar radiation, manifest as variations in total summer energy. Our findings emphasize solar radiation as a significant driver of mass balance changes in high-latitude mountain systems, and demonstrate that debris-covered glaciers are among the most sensitive recorders of obliquity-paced climate variability in interior Antarctica, in contrast to most other Antarctic archives that favour eccentricity-paced forcing over the same time period. Furthermore, our results open the possibility that similar-appearing debris-covered glaciers on Mars may likewise hold clues to environmental change.
Franckeite as a naturally occurring van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Molina-Mendoza Aday J. , Giovanelli Emerson , Paz Wendel S. , Niño Miguel Angel , Island Joshua O. , Evangeli Charalambos , Aballe Lucía , Foerster Michael , van der Zant Herre S. J. , Rubio-Bollinger Gabino , Agraït Nicolás , Palacios J. J. , Pérez Emilio M. , Castellanos-Gomez Andres
Published: February 2017

The fabrication of van der Waals heterostructures, artificial materials assembled by individual stacking of 2D layers, is among the most promising directions in 2D materials research. Until now, the most widespread approach to stack 2D layers relies on deterministic placement methods, which are cumbersome and tend to suffer from poor control over the lattice orientations and the presence of unwanted interlayer adsorbates. Here, we present a different approach to fabricate ultrathin heterostructures by exfoliation of bulk franckeite which is a naturally occurring and air stable van der Waals heterostructure (composed of alternating SnS2-like and PbS-like layers stacked on top of each other). Presenting both an attractive narrow bandgap (<0.7 eV) and p-type doping, we find that the material can be exfoliated both mechanically and chemically down to few-layer thicknesses. We present extensive theoretical and experimental characterizations of the material’s electronic properties and crystal structure, and explore applications for near-infrared photodetectors.
Correction: Corrigendum: HIC1 controls cellular- and HIV-1- gene transcription via interactions with CTIP2 and HMGA1
Authors: Le Douce Valentin , Forouzanfar Faezeh , Eilebrecht Sebastian , Van Driessche Benoit , Ait-Ammar Amina , Verdikt Roxane , Kurashige Yoshihito , Marban Céline , Gautier Virginie , Candolfi Ermanno , Benecke Arndt G. , Van Lint Carine , Rohr Olivier , Schwartz Christian
Published: February 2017

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 34920; published online: 11 October 2016; updated: 10 February 2017. The affiliations for authors Valentin Le Douce, Sebastian Eilebrecht, Benoit Van Driessche, Roxane Verdikt, Yoshihito Kurashige, Céline Marban, Virginie Gautier, Arndt G. Benecke, Carine Van Lint and Olivier Rohr were incorrect in the original version of the article.
Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through transplantation of placental derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Jiang Hong , Zhang Yuanyuan , Tian Kewei , Wang Beibei , Han Shu
Published: February 2017

Placental derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) have been suggested as a possible source of cells to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) due to their immunomodulatory functions, lack of ethical concerns, and potential to differentiate into neurons and oligodendrocytes. To investigate whether PMSCs share similar characteristics with embryonic mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs), and if transplanted PMSCs have the ability to integrate and replace degenerated neural cells, we transplanted rat PMSCs and EMSCs into the central nervous system (CNS) of Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. Our findings demonstrated that transplanted PMSCs, similar to EMSCs, were effective in decreasing infiltrating inflammatory cells, preserving axons, and ameliorating demyelination, thereby improving the neurological functions of animals. Moreover, both PMSCs and EMSCs had the ability to migrate into inflamed tissues and express neural–glial lineage markers. These findings suggest that PMSCs may replace EMSCs as a source of cells in MS stem cell therapy.
Three-dimensional collagen matrix induces a mechanosensitive invasive epithelial phenotype
Authors: Carey Shawn P. , Martin Karen E. , Reinhart-King Cynthia A.
Published: February 2017

A critical step in breast cancer progression is local tissue invasion, during which cells pass from the epithelial compartment to the stromal compartment. We recently showed that malignant leader cells can promote the invasion of otherwise non-invasive epithelial follower cells, but the effects of this induced-invasion phenomenon on follower cell phenotype remain unclear. Notably, this process can expose epithelial cells to the stromal extracellular matrix (ECM), which is distinct from the ECM within the normal epithelial microenvironment. Here, we used a 3D epithelial morphogenesis model in which cells were cultured in biochemically and mechanically defined matrices to examine matrix-mediated gene expression and the associated phenotypic response. We found that 3D collagen matrix promoted expression of mesenchymal genes including MT1-MMP, which was required for collagen-stimulated invasive behavior. Epithelial invasion required matrix anchorage as well as signaling through Src, PI3K, and Rac1, and increasingly stiff collagen promoted dispersive epithelial cell invasion. These results suggest that leader cell-facilitated access to the stromal ECM may trigger an invasive phenotype in follower epithelial cells that could enable them to actively participate in local tissue invasion.
Localization of Short-Chain Polyphosphate Enhances its Ability to Clot Flowing Blood Plasma
Authors: Yeon Ju Hun , Mazinani Nima , Schlappi Travis S. , Chan Karen Y. T. , Baylis James R. , Smith Stephanie A. , Donovan Alexander J. , Kudela Damien , Stucky Galen D. , Liu Ying , Morrissey James H. , Kastrup Christian J.
Published: February 2017

Short-chain polyphosphate (polyP) is released from platelets upon platelet activation, but it is not clear if it contributes to thrombosis. PolyP has increased propensity to clot blood with increased polymer length and when localized onto particles, but it is unknown whether spatial localization of short-chain polyP can accelerate clotting of flowing blood. Here, numerical simulations predicted the effect of localization of polyP on clotting under flow, and this was tested in vitro using microfluidics. Synthetic polyP was more effective at triggering clotting of flowing blood plasma when localized on a surface than when solubilized in solution or when localized as nanoparticles, accelerating clotting at 10–200 fold lower concentrations, particularly at low to sub-physiological shear rates typical of where thrombosis occurs in large veins or valves. Thus, sub-micromolar concentrations of short-chain polyP can accelerate clotting of flowing blood plasma under flow at low to sub-physiological shear rates. However, a physiological mechanism for the localization of polyP to platelet or vascular surfaces remains unknown.
Corrosion resistance of monolayer hexagonal boron nitride on copper
Authors: Mahvash F. , Eissa S. , Bordjiba T. , Tavares A. C. , Szkopek T. , Siaj M.
Published: February 2017

Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a layered material with high thermal and chemical stability ideal for ultrathin corrosion resistant coatings. Here, we report the corrosion resistance of Cu with hBN grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Cyclic voltammetry measurements reveal that hBN layers inhibit Cu corrosion and oxygen reduction. We find that CVD grown hBN reduces the Cu corrosion rate by one order of magnitude compared to bare Cu, suggesting that this ultrathin layer can be employed as an atomically thin corrosion-inhibition coating.
Ionization Study of Isomeric Molecules in Strong-field Laser Pulses
Authors: Zigo Stefan , Le Anh-Thu , Timilsina Pratap , Trallero-Herrero Carlos A.
Published: February 2017

Through the use of the technique of time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, we obtain strong-field ionization yields for randomly oriented 1,2-dichloroethylene (1,2-DCE) (C2H2Cl2) and 2-butene (C4H8). We are interested in studying the effect of conformal structure in strong-field ionization and, in particular, the role of molecular polarity. That is, we can perform strong-field ionization studies in polar vs non-polar molecules that have the same chemical composition. We report our findings through the ionization yields and the ratio (trans/cis) of each stereoisomer pair as a function of intensity.
Inhibition of Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 1 with Necrostatin–1s ameliorates disease progression in elastase-induced mouse abdominal aortic aneurysm model
Authors: Wang Qiwei , Zhou Ting , Liu Zhenjie , Ren Jun , Phan Noel , Gupta Kartik , Stewart Danielle M. , Morgan Stephanie , Assa Carmel , Kent K. Craig , Liu Bo
Published: February 2017

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common aortic disease with a progressive nature. There is no approved pharmacological treatment to effectively slow aneurysm growth or prevent rupture. Necroptosis is a form of programmed necrosis that is regulated by receptor-interacting protein kinases (RIPs). We have recently demonstrated that the lack of RIP3 in mice prevented aneurysm formation. The goal of the current study is to test whether perturbing necroptosis affects progression of existing aneurysm using the RIP1 inhibitors Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) and an optimized form of Nec-1, 7-Cl-O-Nec-1 (Nec-1s). Seven days after aneurysm induction by elastase perfusion, mice were randomly administered DMSO, Nec-1 (3.2 mg/kg/day) and Nec-1s (1.6 mg/kg/day) via intraperitoneal injection. Upon sacrifice on day 14 postaneurysm induction, the aortic expansion in the Nec-1s group (64.12 ± 4.80%) was significantly smaller than that of the DMSO group (172.80 ± 13.68%) (P < 0.05). The mean aortic diameter of Nec-1 treated mice appeared to be smaller (121.60 ± 10.40%) than the DMSO group, though the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.1). Histologically, the aortic structure of Nec-1s-treated mice appeared normal, with continuous and organized elastin laminae and abundant αActin-expressing SMCs. Moreover, Nect-1s treatment diminished macrophage infiltration and MMP9 accumulation and increased aortic levels of tropoelastin and lysyl oxidase. Together, our data suggest that pharmacological inhibition of necroptosis with Nec-1s stabilizes pre-existing aneurysms by diminishing inflammation and promoting connective tissue repair.
Green tea polyphenol tailors cell adhesivity of RGD displaying surfaces: multicomponent models monitored optically
Authors: Peter Beatrix , Farkas Eniko , Forgacs Eniko , Saftics Andras , Kovacs Boglarka , Kurunczi Sandor , Szekacs Inna , Csampai Antal , Bosze Szilvia , Horvath Robert
Published: February 2017

The interaction of the anti-adhesive coating, poly(L-lysine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) and its Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) functionalized form, PLL-g-PEG-RGD, with the green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCg) was in situ monitored. After, the kinetics of cellular adhesion on the EGCg exposed coatings were recorded in real-time. The employed plate-based waveguide biosensor is applicable to monitor small molecule binding and sensitive to sub-nanometer scale changes in cell membrane position and cell mass distribution; while detecting the signals of thousands of adhering cells. The combination of this remarkable sensitivity and throughput opens up new avenues in testing complicated models of cell-surface interactions. The systematic studies revealed that, despite the reported excellent antifouling properties of the coatings, EGCg strongly interacted with them, and affected their cell adhesivity in a concentration dependent manner. Moreover, the differences between the effects of the fresh and oxidized EGCg solutions were first demonstrated. Using a semiempirical quantumchemical method we showed that EGCg binds to the PEG chains of PLL-g-PEG-RGD and effectively blocks the RGD sites by hydrogen bonds. The calculations supported the experimental finding that the binding is stronger for the oxidative products. Our work lead to a new model of polyphenol action on cell adhesion ligand accessibility and matrix rigidity.