bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Value Engineering in Optimizing Project Cost for Sustainable Energy Infrastructure Asset Development
Authors: Latif Sarmad Dashti , Usman Fathoni , Pirot Bilal M.
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study is to optimize costs by analyzing a case study of the Energy Utility Company (EUC) project in Malaysia and building the main electric distribution station (MEDS) project specifically. In order to achieve this objective, Value Engineering (VE) technique as one of the proven tools was selected, and three alternatives were applied. The first alternative was to reduce the room sizes of the building. The second alternative was to replace the plaster painting with normal painting, and the last one was to replace painting up to 1.5 meters with 1 meter of the high of walls from the floor. Results approved that the implementation of VE has successfully reduced the cost of the project without compromising the quality of the materials. For the first alternative, 17.1% of the cost was saved. Regarding the second alternative, 69.8% of the total cost for ceiling painting was saved, and for the third alternative, 41.6% of the total cost of walls from the floor was saved. The findings of this research may serve as a guide for engineers, scholars, and constructors to reduce the cost of the building project.
Moody’s Bond Ratings in Historical Perspective： Their Purpose and Performance
Authors: W Berry K
Published: November 2020

The securities rating industry has been heavily criticized for its subprime mortgage ratings that performed so poorly during the 2007-9 subprime crisis. This chapter traces the history of Moody’s bond ratings since their inception in 1909. The stated purpose of the ratings was as an aid in investment analysis with the large number of U.S. securities outstanding at the time. However, evidence is reviewed that the Great Depression was a turning point for ratings, with a switch in focus from investment analysis to default analysis. The ratings during this period were compared with a structural default analysis in terms of their ability to rank order defaults that occurred during the Great Depression. The conclusion is that advances in finance has created technologies that tend to outdate the ratings technology.  
An Analysis of China's Money Supply and Its Changes in 2008-2010
Authors: Wang Zhaoxin
Published: November 2020

China divides the money supply into three levels: cash in circulation M0, cash that fl ows outside the banking system; the second is the narrow money supply M1, that is, M0 plus the deposit of enterprises and institutions; Money supply M2, that is, M1 plus enterprises and institutions of time deposits, household savings deposits and other deposits. In September 2008, China's monetary policy moderates easing in response to the serious impact of the international fi nancial crisis. At the beginning of 2009, the State Council put forward an annual growth of about 17% M2, more than 5 trillion yuan of new loans, relative to the expected 8% GDP growth rate and 4% of the CPI index is still a moderately easy monetary policy. China's monetary policy this shift is correct, strong with the government's active fi scal policy, the role of economic stabilization and recovery is more obvious.
Analysis and Prediction of Soccer Games: An Application to the Kaggle European Soccer Database
Authors: Deng Wuhuan , Zhong Eric
Published: November 2020

The study of soccer game data has many applications for both fans and teams. The effective analytical work can not only help the teams to improve their offensive and defensive skills and strategies, but also could assist the fans to make a bet. In this work, the authors study the European League Dataset with statistical methods to analyze the game data. Moreover, machine learning techniques are designed to predict the game results based on in-game performance and pre-game odds provided by bookmakers. With rational feature engineering and model selection, our model results in an overall 95% accuracy.
Prevalence, Distribution, and Knowledge-Attitude-Practices, of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients amongst Urban School-Going Adolescents - A Review
Authors: A.V. Mary Priya , Neelakantan Anand
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND Non communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus (mainly Type 2) continue to form a significant proportion of disease burden worldwide, be it in terms of morbidity, mortality or socio-economic impact. The problem of Type 2 DM is more severe in developing nations such as India, with a predominantly younger and middle age population structure. Urbanization and globalization have made a telling impact, mainly on the lifestyle practices of urban school going adolescents, thereby rendering them a crucial subset in the epidemiology of Type 2 DM. Selected studies on T2DM amongst adolescent school students in urban settings were compared and summarized through open access internet search. The Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) Search terms thus used were ‘diabetes mellitus, Type 2, adolescent, urban, school going’. These terms were used in different permutations and combinations using AND / OR methodology by Boolean search. Existing hypotheses, theories and models for DM type 2 epidemiology in this setting as per scientific body of evidence were used as baseline templates for this purpose. The results arrived at through this methodology were collated both on qualitative and quantitative levels-terms. This review found that prevalence of T2DM amongst urban school-going adolescents in India is on the rise and knowledge-attitude-practices with respect to the condition per se, its features and preventive modalities, are just adequate. Recommendations: Large scale awareness creation for lifestyle modification on a community level (by harnessing latest technology), coupled with widespread availability of facilities for timely screening, early diagnosis and comprehensive management, will enable stemming the tide. KEYWORDS Diabetes mellitus (Type 2), Urban, School-Going, Adolescents, Lifestyle Factors
Influência do albedo na temperatura de superfície de pavimento asfáltico urbano
Authors: Souza Josiane Aparecida Peniche , Menim Bruna Fernanda , Kowalski Luiz Fernando
Published: November 2020

As altas temperaturas influenciam o conforto térmico dentro das áreas urbanas. O pavimento asfáltico, por ser um material impermeável e de cor escura, tem aumentado esse problema. As cores têm uma grande influência quando se trata de absorver ou refletir calor. Portanto, o objetivo desse trabalho é analisar a variação da temperatura superficial em pavimentos com diferentes albedos por meio de sensores de medição superficial com auxílio de imagens termográficas. Para isso, foi necessário caracterizar o clima local para justificar os resultados. Os resultados demonstraram que a diferença entre a refletância dos pavimentos foi de 7%. Logo, a diferença entre a temperatura superficial do pavimento variou entre 1 a 1,5 °C, devido a tonalidade, o envelhecimento da superfície e ao desgaste da tinta látex causado pela abrasão dos veículos.
MONITORAMENTO QUALITATIVO DA ÁGUA DO RIBEIRÃO ABÓBORA DO MUNICÍPIO DE RIO VERDE GO, COMO INSTRUMENTO DE GESTÃO DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS
Authors: Arantes Jonathan Oliveira , Santos Gilmar Oliveira
Published: November 2020

O monitoramento da água uma ferramenta essencial na garantia da qualidade dos recursos hídricos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo o monitoramento da água do ribeirão Abóbora do município de Rio Verde GO, como instrumento de gestão de recursos hídricos. Foram realizadas cinco coletas de água, que ocorreram a montante e a jusante do ponto de descarte de efluente industrial existente no trecho em estudo. A média geral dos valores de OD observados correspondeu a 6 mg/L e 7 mg/L para os anos de 2016 e 2017 respectivamente. Os meses de outubro/16 no ponto “jusante” e novembro/16 nos pontos “montante e jusante” apresentaram concentrações de OD abaixo do valor exigido (≥ 5,0 mg/L) pela norma Conama 357/2005 para rios classe II. A concentração média de NO2- nas amostras de água do manancial analisado foram de 0,1 mg/L e 0,04 mg/L para os anos de 2016 e 2017. Não houve ultrapassagem do limite legal (≤1,0) preconizado pela norma Conama 357/05. Os resultados médios de NO3- para toda a campanha de monitoramento foi de 0,3 mg/L para ambos os anos 2016 e 2017. Segundo o método abordado, quanto a variação dos dados observados o experimento pode ser classificado como de “boa precisão”.
Avaliação das áreas com fragilidade ambiental na Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão do Descaroçador, Pirassununga-SP
Authors: Gaspari Letícia Carlos , Zanini Juliana Keppe , Tanaka Marcelo Yuji , Trevisan Diego Peruchi , Moschini Luiz Eduardo
Published: November 2020

O estudo de fragilidade ambiental auxilia na tomada de decisão e planejamento territorial, uma vez que analisa características e potencialidades locais de forma conjunta. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a fragilidade ambiental na Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão do Descaroçador no município de Pirassununga/SP. Para isso, foram utilizados Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIGs) para realizar o mapeamento da declividade, pedologia, geologia e uso e cobertura da terra, e com base nesses dados, foi realizado o Índice de Fragilidade. A bacia apresenta boas características físicas e ambientais, porém, com predominância das atividades agrícolas, há uma tendência de potencialização da fragilidade ambiental, alterando sua paisagem e características naturais. Com isso, pode-se determinar que 43,72% de áreas que apresentam o grau de fragilidade baixa e 39,11% com grau médio. As atividades agrícolas na região tendem a aumentar gradativamente o grau de fragilidade ambiental, devido suas características de retirada do solo, consequente perda da biodiversidade local, modificações na paisagem e solo, ou seja, interferindo diretamente na conservação e manutenção de serviços ambientais do ecossistema.
Przemiany funkcjonalno-przestrzenne uzdrowiska Truskawiec po 1945 roku
Authors: Quirini-Popławski Łukasz , Lukomska Soriana
Published: November 2020

Autorzy koncentrują się na identyfikacji zasadniczych kierunków przemian funkcjonalno-przestrzennych uzdrowiska Truskawiec w okresie istnienia Ukraińskiej Socjalistycznej Republiki Radzieckiej. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na okres lat 70. i 80. XX w., który uważany jest za okres ożywienia turystyki w Związku Radzieckim. Wykonując studia literaturowe i źródłowe, w tym wykorzystując niepublikowane wcześniej materiały kartograficzne, dokonano rozpoznania skutków rozwoju Truskawca. Należą do nich: wysoka frekwencja kuracjuszy, nadmierna urbanizacja, presja inwestycyjna, przesadna koncentracja zabudowy oraz problemy środowiskowe.
Desempeño del índice FIB-4 en el despistaje de várices esofágicas en pacientes con el diagnóstico de cirrosis hepática
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Cálamo Guzmán Bernardo
Published: November 2020

Introducción: El diagnóstico de várices esofágicas en pacientes cirróticos se realiza mediante la endoscopia digestiva alta. Se han estudiado predictores no invasivos para el diagnóstico de estas. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el desempeño del índice FIB-4 en el despistaje de várices esofágicas en pacientes con diagnóstico de cirrosis hepática. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en cuatro hospitales nacionales utilizando historias clínicas de pacientes cirróticos. Se realizó el análisis univariado y bivariado, cálculo de sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y negativo, razón de verosimilitud positiva y negativa del índice FIB-4 para el despistaje de várices esofágicas, tamaño de estas y profilaxis. Se construyeron curvas ROC para determinar el mejor punto de corte. Resultados: Se incluyó 289 pacientes con diagnóstico de cirrosis hepática, la mayor parte fueron de sexo masculino (54.33%). 77.85% presentaron várices esofágicas. La distribución del tamaño de várices fue de 19.03%, 35.99% y 22.84% para várices grandes, medianas y pequeñas, respectivamente. En el análisis del índice FIB-4 con la presencia de várices se encontró una sensibilidad de 81.3% y una especificidad de 37.5% (AUC: 0.57). Para el tamaño de várices se encontró una sensibilidad 81.8% y una especificidad de 23.9% (AUC: 0.50). En el análisis de FIB-4 para grupos de profilaxis se encontró una sensibilidad de 81.8% y una especificidad de 28.5% (AUC: 0.54). Conclusiones: El índice FIB-4 no tiene un buen desempeño en el despistaje de la presencia várices esofágicas y su tamaño en pacientes con diagnóstico de cirrosis hepática.
Sustainability and University Law Clinic
Authors: Owen Richard
Published: November 2020

Following increased activism, the climate crisis has moved up the political agenda, and with it an increased interest in sustainability issues. This article will look at how rebellious lawyering theory can provide a template for university law clinics when seeking to further sustainability objectives. It argues that as rebellious lawyering methods require a collective dimension to lawyering, egalitarian collaboration, deep knowledge of the communities that lawyers serve, simulations of a better future, self-examination and the building of broad coalitions it can in certain circumstances be a more effective way of furthering sustainability objectives than traditional legal process. Furthermore, building broad coalitions is vital to maintain the impetus behind sustainability initiatives.It will reflect on the cultural change that is needed to respond to the sustainability agenda, what lessons can be learnt from the different approaches which have been taken internationally to the issue, as well as the pedagogical issues that need to be addressed to ensure that students have the appropriate sustainability literacy. It will also reflect on the extent to which sustainability is already embedded in the work of university law clinics.It will examine how university law clinics can respond to sustainable development legislation by using Swansea Law Clinic’s experiences of working with sustainability goals and approaches, in the form of the Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015, as a case study.
Para a crítica da educação neoliberal
Authors: Catini Carolina de Roig
Published: November 2020

Christian Laval, sociólogo francês e professor da Universidade Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense (Paris X), defende que “a única modernidade emancipatória real está na autonomia da educação em relação ao poder do capital”. Em entrevista concedida em janeiro de 2020, durante a imensa greve de trabalhadoras e trabalhadores contra a reforma da previdência, mas também das grandes mobilizações contra as reformas do ensino médio e da pesquisa universitária na França, o autor articula a tarefa da crítica de examinar a configuração da “nova escola capitalista” com uma proposta política que negue o futuro e a modernização da educação aprisionados pela concorrência. Como modo de vida neoliberal, a concorrência capitalista tem na educação uma sustentação fundamental, seja pela formação da subjetividade, quanto na objetividade da nova configuração da educação mercantilizada ou “mercadorizadora”. Ambas naturalizam a competição e criam uma nova disposição entre indivíduos e Estado por meio da educação. Abordamos, assim, na entrevista com o autor, a relação entre a mudança da forma do Estado e da função da educação que não se volta mais para a formação de um sujeito de direitos, mas para que cada indivíduo se torne um “gestor de capital pessoal”.
História do currículo do presente
Authors: Marsico Juliana , Ferreira Marcia Serra
Published: November 2020

Nesse texto, investigamos os discursos que produzem uma especificidade para os conhecimentos escolares em ciências historicamente endereçados para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) no Brasil. Ele é parte das investigações que vimos realizando no Grupo de Estudos em História do Currículo, no âmbito do NEC/UFRJ, com recursos do CNPq, Capes e Faperj. No diálogo com Michel Foucault e historiadores que nos instigam na produção de uma História do Currículo do Presente (Reinhart Koselleck, por exemplo), mobilizamos a noção de alquimia das disciplinas escolares proposta por Thomas Popkewitz para compreender como os conhecimentos escolares em ciências vêm sendo historicamente produzidos para a EJA. Interessa-nos perceber que transformações esses conhecimentos sofrem ao serem atravessados por enunciados que produzem regularidades para essa modalidade. Investigamos: (i) documentos oficiais voltados para a modalidade de ensino no país; (ii) uma coleção didática disponibilizada pelo Ministério da Educação. Na análise, enunciados relativos a uma educação de pessoas jovens e adultas voltada para a emancipação, a formação cidadã e o trabalho, assim como aqueles voltados para as experiências de vida desses estudantes, emergem como reguladores da produção curricular aqui investigada. É nesse contexto discursivo que se produzem conhecimentos escolares em ciências que participam da produção de estudantes enunciados como trabalhadores oprimidos e que necessitam de um professor (e um ensino) que os emancipe. Em tal movimento, as contingências e complexidades da vida cotidiana vão sendo reorganizadas como objetos da lógica escolar, passando a constituir, alquimicamente, os conhecimentos escolares em ciências.
Localização, orientação e representação espacial como expressão de territorialidades indígenas
Authors: Marcilino Ozirlei Teresa , Tomaz Vanessa Sena
Published: November 2020

O artigo analisa tensões entre práticas de localização, orientação e representação espacial próprias dos Indígenas Xakriabá e aquelas que se configuram quando estudantes desse povo participam de uma disciplina, ministrada na universidade e no território indígena, em uma licenciatura intercultural. Iluminadas pelo pensamento decolonial e fundamentadas em formulações indígena e não indígena, território é entendido como um espaço de poder, luta, resistência e uso, uma herança que passa de geração para geração, um dos sentidos da interculturalidade na vida contemporânea Xakriabá. Embasada nessa formulação, a análise da participação e dos registros dos estudantes - mapas, desenhos, textos - e relatos orais mostram que tensões surgem nas práticas, tanto na universidade quanto no território indígena porque os estudantes constroem representações espaciais em estreita relação com a dinâmica de uso do seu território que, muitas vezes, não podem ser representadas pelos elementos técnicos de projeção do espaço no plano ou mesmo pelas referências geográficas. Conclui-se que as práticas de formação vivenciadas pelos estudantes contribuíram para a construção de novas territorialidades e que o estudo dessas noções pode compor um currículo como ferramenta político-pedagógica de fortalecimento das relações etnoterritoriais de professores indígenas.
Uma breve história de retomada: a comunidade Lago da Praia e conflitos territoriais
Authors: Melo Eriki Aleixo de
Published: November 2020

Em abril de 2004, deu-se o início da comunidade indígena Lago da Praia, a partir de mobilizações étnicas dos Wapichana e Macuxi da terra indígena Serra da Moça. Sua criação esteve amplamente relacionada ao contexto conflituoso local, no qual a relação entre indígenas, fazendeiros e demais agentes foi historicamente marcada pela violência e a usurpação de seus territórios. Nesse sentido, as tensões sociais foram se agravando no decorrer dos anos, principalmente devido à conjuntura política regional, relacionada à luta pela demarcação da terra indígena Raposa/Serra do Sol e as “condicionantes” impostas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. Em 2009, os indígenas passaram a vivenciar diversos eventos críticos e a ser coagidos para que saíssem da comunidade, ocasionando a expulsão dos indígenas de suas casas. Em 2010, o ministro do STF Gilmar Mendes fundamentou uma ação cautelar, favorecendo o Governo do Estado de Roraima e afirmando que a referida terra indígena não poderia ser ampliada. Este artigo trata desta retomada de terra, da construção da comunidade Lago da Praia e da expulsão dos Wapichana e Macuxi.
De Caminha a Zé Carioca: invisibilidade, apagamento e silenciamento da identidade cultural indígena
Authors: Biavatti Cidiclei Alcione , Feitosa Leni Barbosa , Vizolli Idemar , Demarchi André Luís Campanha
Published: November 2020

Este artigo objetiva compreender, por meio de um estudo comparativo, como a identidade cultural indígena é representada nas narrativas apresentadas na Carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha e na revista em quadrinhos Especial Brasil 500 Anos − Zé Carioca, à luz de estudos antropológicos sobre identidade e processos culturais. Compreende-se que a revista é quase que uma ilustração contemporânea da carta de Caminha, uma vez que ambos retratam as diferenças culturais que há entre os povos indígenas e portugueses, representando a imagem do colonizador com fortes princípios morais, religiosos e de dominação, em oposição à imagem do nativo atrasado, sem cultura e ambição, estagnado no tempo à espera de quem explorasse seus recursos e potencialidades. As narrativas, textual e imagética, criam estereótipos que contribuem para a situação de invisibilidade, apagamento e silenciamento da identidade cultural indígena, sobretudo ao depreciá-la diante da cultura eurocêntrica do colonizador.
Pedagogia da contextualização e interculturalidade na formação de professores indígenas: entrevista com Maria do Socorro Pimentel da Silva
Authors: Abram dos Santos Lilian
Published: November 2020

Entrevista com a professora Maria do Socorro Pimentel da Silva.
O curso de Educação Intercultural do Núcleo Takinahakỹ de Formação Superior Indígena, da Universidade Federal de Goiás, é uma licenciatura específica para a formação de professores indígenas, iniciada em 2007. O curso atende, atualmente, estudantes de 27 povos indígenas, dos estados de Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso e Tocantins, sendo um exemplo da possibilidade de realização de uma educação escolar indígena verdadeiramente intercultural, bilíngue, específica e diferenciada e, antes de tudo, com o objetivo de romper com o histórico de educação assimilacionista e colonizadora.
Maria do Socorro Pimentel da Silva esteve à frente da criação do curso de Educação Intercultural. Devido à sua extensa experiência como docente na educação escolar indígena, Maria do Socorro pode, há 12 anos, conceber, juntamente com representantes indígenas e docentes da UFG, um projeto pedagógico inovador, no sentido de não somente se preocupar com a formação de professores, mas, sobretudo, de se lançar na aventura de compor uma nova base epistêmica para as escolas indígenas e para a própria universidade.
Maria do Socorro Pimentel da Silva é pedagoga, mestra em Letras e Linguística pela UFG e doutora em Linguística Aplicada ao Ensino de Línguas pela PUC-SP. Tanto no mestrado quanto no doutorado realizou pesquisas junto ao povo Karajá. Fez seu estágio de pós-doutorado na Unicamp e, em fevereiro de 2019, se tornou professora titular da Faculdade de Letras da UFG. Com o projeto Maurehi, na aldeia Buridina do povo Karajá (GO), foi uma das pioneiras nos estudos e pesquisas de revitalização linguístico-cultural no Brasil. Também demonstrou postura visionária, ao criar a Revista Articulando e Construindo Saberes cujo escopo é a publicação de pesquisas relacionadas à decolonização de saberes e às práticas pedagógicas pluriepistêmicas e interculturais.
Substancialidade a'uwê no espelho waradzu: Escutar o corpo indígena Xavante em contexto de trânsito espacial e cultural
Authors: Campos Maria Clara , Bairrão José Francisco Miguel Henriques
Published: November 2020

Para os Xavante, um melhor entendimento do mundo dos brancos e a capacidade de trazer melhorias para seu povo mediante estadias fora de seu território é habilidade crucial na competência de um líder. Em meados do século XX, o cacique Apöena, da Terra Indígena de Pimentel Barbosa, estabeleceu vínculos com um grupo de brancos de Ribeirão Preto, SP, e determinou a migração de oito de seus netos, todos do sexo masculino, para a cidade de origem do grupo. O presente artigo tem como enfoque a história de alguns protagonistas atuais desse intercâmbio. Objetivou-se perscrutar, mediante inclusive a sua expressão em práticas corporais, as suas perspectivas de si e de futuro e os seus efeitos na construção e transformação identitária. Para esse efeito, foram realizadas análises de entrevistas não estruturadas, realizadas com os jovens e suas famílias brancas, sob o enfoque metodológico da etnopsicanálise. Elucidou-se que esse encontro engendrou formas ativas e singulares de construção identitária e de ressignificação da tradição e memória Xavante por parte desses jovens, tanto no atinente às suas respectivas biografias quanto no entendimento dessas como uma forma de resposta à missão que lhes foi confiada pelo seu povo. Evidencia-se, nessa perspectiva, a importância de se ultrapassar concepções atidas à aculturação de indivíduos indígenas em contato com o meio urbano, levando em conta suas sociocosmologias particulares.
Development of a National School of Political Science in China
Authors: Shuhua Zhang , Jing Guo , Qiuyu Gaoyan
Published: November 2020

Under the conditions of China’s steadily growing role in world politics, the task of moving from assimilation and criticism of Western theoretical discourse to creation and development of national political science schools is becoming more and more urgent. The article gives a brief review of the Chinese political science history, outlines the main achievements and tasks of the current stage in the process of formation of political science with Chinese characteristics. The article disputes the thesis of the universal nature of Western political science, critically evaluates some Western political theories: democracy, constitutional government, civil society; an attempt is made to show their shortcomings and limitations of their application. The main focus of the article is on clarifying the Chinese theory of democracy, which enriches and develops Marxist democratic theory, based on a generalization of the history of China’s democratic practice and an analysis of modern democratic politics led by the CCP. Another important area of interest of the Chinese political science school – the empirical studies of the political development of China – is also covered. The features of the Chinese parliamentary system, the system of political parties where the Communist Party plays the leading role, are described. An attempt is made to depict the relationship between the party leadership and the legislative branch in China. It justifies the need for the formation of government bodies from top to bottom on the basis of the Chinese consultative democracy principles, which to a certain extent oppose the “elective democracy” concept. Particular attention is paid to rural self-government bodies and difficulties in their formation, which have recently caused a hightened interest among Chinese researchers. The final part of the article outlines the most important tasks of Chinese political science for the near future.
Belarus: Political Situation around the Presidential Election – 2020
Authors:   Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO), Russian Academy of Science, 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation, Astakhova S.
Published: November 2020

The elections of the President of Belarus were held on August 9, 2020. According to official reports the current President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko won them in the first round of voting. The election campaign was extremely tense. Throughout it, protest moods were growing in the Belarusian society. The reason for the mass protests was distrust of the electoral system of the Republic. The harsh actions of law enforcement agencies to disperse demonstrators caused an outraged reaction in the Belarusian society, which led to an increase in protest activity. After Lukashenko's appeal on August 17, 2020 to workers at enterprises that went on strike, civil society activity declined – the transfer of power did not take place. The development of the situation in the future largely depends on the position that the newly elected President Lukashenko will take.
Using Machine Learning to Perform Proximity Detection - Classifying Bluetooth Beacon RSSI Values
Authors: Song Karen
Published: November 2020

This project focuses on using machine learning classification algorithms to determine whether two people are 6 feet apart or not. Two Raspberry Pis were used simulate smart phones. RSSI values of the Bluetooth beacons transmitted between the Raspberry Pis were collected and recorded to train the classifier. The Gaussian Support Vector Machine Classifer yielded the highest testing accuracy of 79.670 and the Decision Tree Classifier yielded the highest AUC of 0.80.
Numerical and Experimental Results on Charpy Tests for Blends Polypropylene + Polyamide + Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (PP+PA+EDPM)
Authors: Pirvu Catalin , Musteata Andreea Elena , Ojoc George Ghiocel , Deleanu Lorena
Published: November 2020

This paper presents results from numerical and experimental investigation on Charpy tests in order to point out failure mechanisms and to evaluate new polymeric blends PP+PA6+EPDM. Charpy tests were done for initial velocity of the impactor of 0.96 m/s and its mass of 3.219 kg and these data were also introduced in the finite element model. The proposed model take into account the system of four balls, including support and the ring of fixing the three balls and it has a finer discretization of the impact area to highlight the mechanisms of failure and their development in time. The constitutive models for four materials (polypropylene with 1% Kritilen, two blends PP+PA6+EPDM and a blend PA6+EPDM) were derived from tensile tests. Running simulations for each constitutive model of material makes possible to differentiate the destruction mechanisms according to the material introduced in the simulation, including the initiation and the development of the crack(s), based on equivalent plastic strain at break (EPS) for each material. The validation of the model and the simulation results was done qualitatively, analysing the shape of broken surfaces and comparing them to SEM images and quantitatively by comparing the impact duration, energy absorbed by the sample, the value of maximum force during impact. The duration of the destruction of the specimen is longer than the actual one, explainable by the fact that the material model does not take into account the influence of the material deformation speed in Charpy test, the model being designed with the help of tests done at 0.016 m/s (1000 mm/min) (maximum strain rate for the tensile tests). Experimental results are encouraging for recommending the blends 20% PP+42% PA6+28% EPDM and 60% PA6+ 40%EPDM as materials for impact protection at low velocity (1m/s). Simulation results are closer to the experimental ones for the more brittle tested materials (with less content of PA6 and EPDM) and more distanced for the more ductile materials (with higher content of PA6 and EPDM).
Analysis of Impact Characteristics and Detection of Internal Defects for Unidirectional Carbon Composites with Respect to Fiber Orientation
Authors: Go Sun-ho , Tugirumubano Alexandre , Kim and Hong-gun
Published: November 2020

.With the increasing use of carbon fiber reinforced plastics in various area, carbon fiber composites based on prepregs have attracted attention in industries and academia research. However, prepreg manufacturing processes are costly, and the strength of structures varies depending on the orientation and defects (pores and delamination). For non-contact evaluation of internal defects, we proposed lock-in infrared thermography to investigate orientation angles after a compression test. We also conducted a drop-weight impact test to study the behaviour of the composites after impact according the fibers orientation for composite fabricated using unidirectional carbon fiber prepregs. Using CAI tests, we determined the residual compressive strength and confirmed the damage modes using a thermal camera. The results of the drop weight impact tests show that the specimen laminated at 0° suffered the largest damage because of susceptibility of the resin to impact. In contrast, the specimens oriented in of 0°/90° and +45°/–45° directions transferred more than 90% of the impact energy back to the impactor because of the lamination of fibers in the orthogonal directions. Furthermore, the specimens that underwent complete damage in the impact tests were subjected to the lock-in method and showed internal delamination and cut fibers. With the finite elements analysis, the damage of each ply could be observed. Moreover, the temperature differences in the residual compression tests were not significant.
A Study on Public Blockchain Consensus Algorithms: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Jalal Islahuddin , Shukur Zarina , Bakar Khairul Azmi Abu
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study is to present a systematic review of the literature on public blockchain consensus algorithms. Blockchain consensus algorithms have gain much popularity in last few years especially in the cryptocurrency field. Based on a systematic review of the relevant literature, we provide a classification of blockchain consensus algorithms, philosophy behind creation of blockchain consensus algorithms and as well as the rewards and incentive strategies of various public blockchain consensus algorithms. On the basis of these results, the research gaps and future work directions are identified for further study.
O O engajamento de intelectuais em defesa da Escola Normal de Vitória da Conquista
Authors: Brito Gilmario Moreira , Coutinho Maria Gamaliélia do Socorro Limeira
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o engajamento de professores e jornalistas como intelectuais que defenderam em jornais uma escola Normal para Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. Indaga-se quais as trajetórias formativas e as concepções de educação, ensino e formação de professores dos referidos profissionais? Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, baseada na análise de documentos de memorialistas e artigos publicados nos jornais “A Conquista”, “O Combate” e “A luta” que veiculavam concepções culturais, educacionais e da política local. Para compreender a história da educação nas inter-relações com abordagens das histórias política e intelectual propostas por Sirinelli (1998) e Alves (2019), discutiu-se as mediações culturais promovidas por intelectuais que pleiteavam a implantação da Escola Normal, ampliando os diálogos com Gramsci (2010), Cruz e Peixoto (2007), Buffa e Nosella (1997), Saviani (2005), Oliveira (2005), Silva (2000), Souza (2010), Medeiros (2008), Pereira (2018) Souza e Casimiro (2010).
Ultrasonographic Technique, Appearance, and Diagnostic Accuracy for Common Elbow Sports Injuries
Authors: Dixit Anant , Dandu Navya , Hadley Christopher J. , Nazarian Levon N. , Cohen Steven B. , Ciccotti Michael
Published: November 2020

Update

This article was updated on March 15, 2021, because of a previous error. On pages 4 and 5, Figures 4 and 5 now have white arrows pointing to the correct areas of the figures.

An erratum has been published: JBJS Reviews. 2021 March;9(3):e19.00219ER.

» Ultrasonography is a valuable diagnostic imaging tool because of its availability, tolerability, low cost, and utility in real-time dynamic evaluation. Its use in diagnosing elbow injuries has expanded recently and continues to do so. In particular, stress ultrasonography represents a unique imaging technique that directly visualizes the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) and allows the assessment of ligament laxity, offering an advantage over magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance arthrography in this patient population.

» Furthermore, ultrasonography has shown particular usefulness in instances where invasive techniques might be less desirable. This is particularly important in athletes since more invasive procedures potentially result in lost time from their sport. Ultrasonography is an important imaging tool that complements a thorough history and physical examination in the evaluation of elbow injuries in athletes.

» The use of ultrasonography in orthopaedic sports medicine has been investigated previously; however, to our knowledge, there has been no comprehensive review regarding the utility of ultrasonography for common elbow injuries in athletes.

» The current study provides a comprehensive, detailed review of the utility and indications for the use of ultrasonography for common elbow injuries in athletes.
The Simplified Science of Corticosteroids for Clinicians
Authors: Kaplan Daniel J. , Haskel Jonathan D. , Kirby David J. , Bloom David A. , Youm Thomas
Published: November 2020

» Clinicians should be aware of the differences in corticosteroid formulations as these differences dictate which agent is best in various clinical situations.

» Corticosteroids work primarily by modulating transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational mechanisms within cellular nuclei to decrease the production of inflammatory mediators. Because this process requires change at the cellular level, clinical effects typically take days.

» The main consideration when selecting a corticosteroid is solubility. Less-soluble agents have a longer onset of action and a longer duration. However, they can have negative side effects on soft-tissue structures. They are ideal for intra-articular use.

» More-soluble agents have a faster onset of action but are rapidly cleared. They are ideal for extra-articular soft-tissue structures.

» Fluorinated compounds have decreased solubility, which further increases duration of action, but they have been shown to be associated with tendon rupture and atrophy.
Concussion Management for the Orthopaedic Surgeon
Authors: Jildeh Toufic R. , Shkokani Lina , Meta Fabien , Tramer Joseph S. , Okoroha Kelechi R.
Published: November 2020

» Orthopaedic surgeons functioning as team physicians are in a unique position to recognize subtle changes in an athlete’s behavior and may be the first responders to concussions at sporting events.

» The rate of sports-related concussions has increased over the past few decades, necessitating that orthopaedic team physicians gain a greater understanding of the diagnosis and management of this condition.

» During the sideline evaluation, life-threatening injuries must be ruled out before concussion evaluation may take place.

» In most cases, patients experience a resolution of symptoms within a week; however, a smaller subset of patients experience persistent symptoms.

» Physicians covering sporting events must remain current regarding recommendations for treating sports-related concussions and must document their management plan to minimize potential harm to an athlete.
Demand pattern and willingness to pay for high value fish consumption: Case study from selected coastal cities in Kerala, south India
Authors: Salim Shyam S.
Published: November 2020

Fishing occupies an important place in the economy of Kerala State, south India as a vital source of food and protein, avenue for employment and most importantly in the export market. Kerala’s population is basically a fish eating population where the level of fish consumption is four times the national average. The annual per capita fish consumption has increased from 15 kg in 1970s to about 23 kg in 2011. The high value fishes like shrimps, squids, seer fishes and pomfrets are massively exported due to economies of scale, thereby leading to limited local availability resulting in high domestic prices. The present study assessed the fish intake pattern across 600 middle income consumer households of urban area in the metropolitan cities of Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi and Kozhikode in Kerala. The average family size was found to be 4.2. The study concentrated on income cum expenditure pattern, buying trend, hindrances in fish consumption and readiness to pay for high value fishes. Willingness to pay was figured out using logit model. The results indicated that the income and access to the selling points of fish enhanced the demand. The per capita montly fsh consumption was found to be 2.2 kg with low value per capita fish consumption estimated as 1.43 kg on an average, and the average high value per capita fish consumption at 0.77 kg across study areas. The fish food consumption pattern trends across the different study locales clearly portrayed that there exists significant demand for high value fish and fish products. Most local consumers weren’t aware about low export price and more than 50 % expressed their willingness to pay which indicated existence of a high consumer surplus. Results of the study stressed the need for governmental intervention in controlling fish exports thereby safeguarding local fish food security, replacing exports with local marketing; considering the demand for sizeable quantum and ample readiness to pay.
Status of fish diversity in Surha Taal, a natural lake in the floodplains of river Ganga, in Ballia District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Pathak A. K. , Sarkar U. K. , Abidi Rehana
Published: November 2020

The study presents the status of fish diversity, abundance and habitat structure of Surha Lake, which is a perennial and natural lake fed by the river Ganga. The study was conducted between 2011 to 2013 covering pre and post-monsoon seasons. In total, 4,852 individual fish specimens were collected representing 66 fish species belonging to 23 families. The species diversity comprised 65 species in pre-monsoon and 60 species in post-monsoon season (p<0.05). The highest species diversity was recorded for the family Cyprinidae (22), followed by Bagridae (7). An assessment of conservation status of 66 fish species as per IUCN Red List 2019 criteria listed 6 species under near threatened (NT), 54 under least concern (LC) and two species under vulnerable (VU) category. The study reports several commercially important species under near threatened (Chitala chitala, Labeo pangusia, Ompok bimaculatus, Ompok pabda, , Ailia coila and Bagarius bagarius), which makes Surha Taal an important natural lake from fishery management point of view. The study also prioritised different habitat types important for different species. The slow water in the mid-channel areas of the lake were categorised as important habitats for near threatened and vulnerable fish species like C. chitala, B. bagarius and Wallago attu, which can be prioritised for population level management.
Weed control efficiency and productivity in rice-fish-duck integrated farming system
Authors: Nayak Prafulla Kumar , Panda Bipin Bihari , Das Sunil Kumar , Rao Koroda R , Kumar Upendra , Kumar Anjani , Munda Susmita , Satpathy Bhavani S. , Nayak Amaresh K.
Published: November 2020

Rice farming integrated with fish and ducks potentially provides ecological services and supports effective management of weeds which cause rice yield losses due to growth competitiveness with the available resources and productivity. Present study investigated the efficacy of integrating fish and duck in rice farming for controlling weed infestations and their impacts on productivity and economics of the system. Appraisal on diversity of weeds indicated that grassy weeds (Echinochola colona, Echinochola crusgalli) and sedges (Cyperus difformis, Cyperus iria, Fimbristylis miliacea) were prevalent in rice during tillering stages, while broad leaf (Ludwigia adscendens, Sphenoclea zeylanica) and aquatic weeds (Marsilia quadrifolia, Otellia alismoides, Vallisneria spiralis, Limnophila indica, Ceratophyllum demersum, Hydrilla verticillata) were abundant during active tillering and panicle initiation stages of rice. A significant reduction in weed density and weed biomass was observed in rice-fish (RF), rice-duck (RD) and rice-fish - duck (RFD) integration. However, weed control efficiency (WCE %) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in RFD. The weed biodiversity in terms of species richness (Simpson’s index) and species diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) decreased significantly, while Pielou evenness community index increased in RFD, signifying weed community composition was highly diversified with reduction of formerly dominant weed species. Rice agronomic characteristics, productivity and economic returns were higher in integrated system indicating over all improvements in ecology and productivity. Better growth of fishes accrued with RFD integrated system, possibly, due to the better nutrient availability. Thus, fish and duck can be used as bio-control agents for weed management in rice farming for enhancing productivity in areas where application of chemical herbicides may be partially or totally eliminated in transplanted lowland system.
Similarities and contrasts between the subaerial and subaqueous deposits of subaerially triggered debris flows: An analogue experimental study
Authors: de Haas Tjalling , Santa Nikoleta , de Lange Sjoukje I. , Pudasaini Shiva P.
Published: November 2020

Debris flows and lahars are dense masses of water and sediment which are common phenomena in mountainous and volcanic regions, respectively. Where these flows debouch into water bodies they can trigger impulse waves (tsunamis) and form subaqueous deposits. Such deposits are important indicators for areas at risk from debris flows, lahars, and tsunamis and form archives of past environmental conditions. Correctly interpreting this archive, however, depends on our understanding of the sedimentology and architecture of the deposits. While subaerial debris-flow deposits have been extensively studied, there is a comparative lack of understanding of the deposits of subaerial debris flows that debouch into a water body. We experimentally investigate the similarities and contrasts between subaerial and subaqueous debris-flow deposits for flows of various magnitudes and compositions initiated in a subaerial environment. We show that flows depositing on a subaqueous plane generally have a deposit area similar to flows forming in a subaerial setting. Deposits forming on a subaqueous plane, however, are typically shorter and wider with similar thickness, as a result of interactions between the flow and the reservoir water body. Both in subaerial and subaqueous environments the deposits form coarse-grained lateral levees and frontal snout margins. However, where the levees are able to laterally confine the subaerial flows leading to deposits with constant to tapering width, the subaqueous deposits widen with distance offshore because of flow fluidization. Moreover, the frontal snout is often very dispersed, a sharp frontal margin is absent, and many isolated particles are deposited in front of the main deposit margin as a result of interactions between the debris flow and the reservoir water body. These results largely agree with observations of subaqueous pyroclastic-flow deposits. The similarity in area of subaerial and subaqueous deposits suggests that we can apply empirical relations based on subaerial flows to estimate the inundation area and flow volume of subaerial–subaqueous flows.