bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subject-object subextraction asymmetry in Russian
Authors: Belova Daria
Published: February 2021

Subject-object asymmetry in wh-subextraction is relevant in many languages, but the degree of subject opacity is not crosslinguistically uniform and can differ within one language. In (Polinsky et al. 2013) two factors are found statistically significant in Russian dependent clauses: the type of verbal structure (unaccusative / unergative / transitive verb) and the position of a subject relatively to a verb (preverbal / postverbal). In this paper we investigate whether the effect of these variables is preserved in Russian monopredicative independent clauses. Using experimental data, we show that different types of subjects do differ in their island properties, however, contra (Polinsky et al. 2013), in the preverbal position they are significantly more transparent to subextraction.
Duration measurement of vocants in infants with Cochlear Implants
Authors: Binos Paris
Published: February 2021

Vocants are precursors to speech and are facially neutral. The presence of these speechlike vocalizations was evident during the precursors to mature phonology called “protophones”. The prosodic feature of duration of the nuclei plays a crucial role in the shift of prelexical to mature speech, since speech intelligibility is closely related to the control of duration. The aim of this work is to determine whether cochlear implants (CIs) positively trigger language acquisition and the development of verbal skills. Recent literature findings are compared and discussed with the performance of two Greek congenitally hearing-impaired infants who were matched with three normal-hearing (NH) infants. This work highlighted an important weakness of the prosodic abilities of young infants with CIs.
Tone-consonant co-occurrence probability in Mandarin
Authors: Chang Chiung-Yu , Hsieh Feng-fan
Published: February 2021

This study investigates how statistical regularity concerning the distribution of lexical tones and consonantal onsets in Mandarin, formulated as the “tone-consonant cooccurrence probability (TCCP)” here, influences results of wordlikeness judgment task. Native speakers were asked to rate the wordlikeness of monosyllabic real words and pseudowords with existing segmental combinations. Overall, real words with high probability were considered more wordlike than those with low probability. On the other hand, the probability effect was not significant on the well-formedness ratings of the pseudowords. These findings suggest that speakers are sensitive to the toneconsonant co-occurrence patterns, which follow gradual tendencies rather than an “allor-nothing” manner, but such sensitivity is probably limited to existing forms and cannot be extended to hypothetical ones.
The phonation types in Fuzhou Chinese
Authors: Chen Changhe
Published: February 2021

This pilot study provides an acoustic description of the phonation types in Fuzhou Chinese. Speech samples from 5 native speakers show that tones [21 242 24] are breathy, while [44 32 4] are mainly modal and [51] is modal-breathy. Acoustic measure HNR35 can distinguish these phonation types, while H1*-A1* can only differentiate [24] and the end of [51] from other tones.
Tutoring EFL Students in Portugal: Rethinking writing center methodology
Authors: de Almeida Maria , de Souza Sydelle
Published: February 2021

The writing center at the University of Lisbon adopts a widely implemented tutoring model—a non-directive approach, focusing on content and organization (higher-order concerns), and grammar and vocabulary (lower-order concerns). This study aims to challenge this model from an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) perspective by reporting and analyzing the results of a qualitative survey of 6 tutors regarding their work at the center. Results show that although all tutors comply with the imported tutoring model, most report difficulties in implementing one or both of its central principles. Therefore, EFL writing centers should harbor a flexible methodology wherein addressed concerns are context-dependent and constantly renegotiated during writing sessions, which could have pedagogical implications in the EFL classroom.
The processing of cataphora coreference in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: de Almeida Pablo , Neto José
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to explore whether the processing of cataphoric coreference in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) is guided by a top-down strategy as postulated by the active search mechanism (ASM) or by a bottom-up routine, as well as if this process is restricted by the Principle C constraint. The results revealed that ASM is not a mechanism used to solve the intended coreference in BP and that the participants have demonstrated sensitiveness to establish the coreference while they had to interpret it. In addition, there is evidence that illicit antecedents are not considered during cataphoric resolution, which suggests that the Principle C constraint impacts on the processing and seems to not be violated during the time course of the computation.
Thematic role and grammatical function affect pronoun production
Authors: Lindemann Sofiana-Iulia , Mada Stanca , Sasu Laura , Matei Madalina
Published: February 2021

According to different approaches to pronoun processing, in pro-drop languages, null pronouns are interpreted as referring back to the grammatical subject and topical referent, while overt pronouns are usually interpreted as coreferring with a non-subject and non-topical antecedent. The present study investigates whether thematic role and grammatical function impact (overt and null) pronoun production in Romania. Results show that we do not encounter a clear division of labour between the two pronoun forms triggered by syntactic structure alone and that thematic roles matter as well. The findings support a multi-dimensional approach, suggesting that different referential forms are constrained by different factors.
Perception of word-final inserted vowels and syllabicity in Italian
Authors: Miatto Veronica
Published: February 2021

Perceptual evidence is provided in favour of the non-syllabicity of word-final vocalic elements in consonant-final nonce words in Italian. These are optionally present after words ending in consonants, and their syllabicity status is debatable. In the experiment, speakers listened to stimuli of nonce words presenting variable duration of word-final schwas and judged whether the stimuli were monosyllabic or disyllabic. The results strongly suggest that speakers of Veneto Italian do not phonologically distinguish between nonce words that present a word-final schwa and those that do not. In fact, stimuli were generally judged as monosyllabic. The results of the study support previous research stating that word-final schwas in Italian are non-syllabic, phonetic vowels.
Disfluency patterns in the language production system
Authors: Pistono Aurélie , Hartsuiker Robert J.
Published: February 2021

Within the language system, several of the language production levels may be involved in the production of disfluencies. Here, we conducted network task experiments to tackle disfluencies occurring during lexical selection, grammatical selection, and conceptual formulation. We showed that each difficulty induced a different pattern of disfluency. Additionally, multivariate pattern analyses demonstrated that difficulty is predictable from disfluency data patterns.
Preliminaries to the Tuvan interrogative intonation
Authors: Ryzhikova Tatiana , Dobrinina Albina , Plotnikov Ilia
Published: February 2021

Tuvan is one of the minority Turkic languages of Siberia (RF). Its segmental structure is described quite well, whereas its suprasegmental level has not been studied yet. The purpose of this paper is to give a preliminary description of the Tuvan interrogative intonation. Several topical dialogues were recorded by three Tuvan women, yes/no questions were cut out and their structure and F0 changes were analyzed. The preliminary results show that Tuvan intonation seems to closely correlate with the information structure. The interrogative particle be appears to be pronounced with different F0 movement in accordance with the utterance focus. Generally Tuvan yes/no questions prove to be characterized by inclination of the tone, though the patterns are not as strict as in Altay, for example.
Individual differences in processing pseudo-inflected nonwords
Authors: Schwarz Julia , Bozic Mirjana , Post Brechtje
Published: February 2021

While the role of word stems has received much attention in morphological processing, the effects of inflectional suffixes on lexical access remain unclear. We address this gap as well as the contribution of individual differences on morphological segmentation with a visual priming experiment. Inflected and uninflected nonwords were preceded by a non-linguistic baseline string or the target’s suffix/word-final letters (e.g. XXXXing  SMOYING). The results indicate that the suffix length is crucial for morphological effects to surface in visual priming and that morphological processing may be modulated by the individual’s reading profile and vocabulary size. We interpret this as evidence for variable morphemic activation: morphological cues can facilitate visual access when rapid whole-word processing is unavailable. The theoretical implications are discussed.
The intonation of Italian verbless exclamatives
Authors: Sorianello Patrizia
Published: February 2021

The present study aims to explore the prosodic properties of Italian verbless exclamatives (VEs), particular sentence structures without wh-quantifier and copula. A speech corpus formed by 250 VEs uttered by five subjects of a Southern variety of Italian was analyzed. The experimental results proved that VEs have a marked prosodic structure typically made up by two opposed constituents. The preposed predicative phrase is characterized by a salient intonation contour, while the grammatical subject is marginalized and shows a monotonous f0 pattern. The information structure is fixed too: the predicative constituent carries the new information, thus contrasting with the subject that expresses a given content.
Automated speech analysis enables MCI diagnosis
Authors: Themistocleous Charalambos , Eckerström Marie , Kokkinakis Dimitrios
Published: February 2021

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a condition characterized by cognitive decline greater than expected for an individual's age and education level. In this study, we are investigating whether acoustic properties of speech production can improve the classification of individuals with MCI from healthy controls augmenting the Mini Mental State Examination, a traditional screening tool, with automatically extracted acoustic information. We found that just one acoustic feature, can improve the AUC score (measuring a trade-off between sensitivity and specificity) from 0.77 to 0.89 in a boosting classification task. These preliminary results suggest that computerized language analysis can improve the accuracy of traditional screening tools.
Vowel length of Czech trisyllabic words in L1 Russian speakers
Authors: Veroňková Jitka , Gersamia Giorgi
Published: February 2021

Languages differ in how vowel length is applied, which can affect the acquisition of a second language. In Czech, the length is phonological. There are practically no restrictions on its occurrence. It is also completely independent of word stress. In Russian, the length of vocals does not have a phonological status but can be an accompanying characteristic in the implementation of a word stress. The subject of the experiment is the perceptual analysis of vocal quantity in Czech as L2 in Russian speakers (8 subjects). The material consists of recordings of a set of trisyllabic words (48 lexemes, 256 items), in which the structure of quantity (8 different patterns) is checked.
On the acquisition of Greek free choice items
Authors: Vlachou Evangelia , Kotopoulis Dimitrios , Varlokosta Spyridoula
Published: February 2021

Children acquire quite late scalar implicatures associated with quantification and have the tendency to interpret existential quantifiers as universals (e.g., Smith, 1980; Noveck, 2001; Papafragou and Musolino, 2003). Free choice Items (FCIS) are also associated with scalar implicatures depending on whether they are full set or subset FCIs (e.g., Vlachou 2012, 2020). This paper presents experimental results showing that 9-, 10- and 11-year-old children and adults perform better on full set than on subset FCIs. It is argued that adults perform better than children in sentences with subset FCIs as the “not-all” pragmatic inference is acquired late. Difficulties in sentences with subset FCIs in adults are due to absence of domain alternatives.
L2 vocabulary learning motivation by Chinese EFL learners
Authors: Wang Xuan
Published: February 2021

L2 motivation has been proved by a plethora of studies to positively affect various domains of L2 learning, among which L2 vocabulary learning is relatively underexplored in the literature. This study, therefore, explores the characteristics of L2 vocabulary learning motivation by Chinese EFL learners and investigates how motivation relates to self-regulated learning strategies. The study employs a mixedmethod approach with 47 Chinese EFL learners. Two instruments, the motivation questionnaire and the learning strategies questionnaire were employed, and ten participants were interviewed with regard to self-regulated vocabulary learning. The results reveal the instrumentality (i.e. promotion and prevention) of Chinese EFL learners in vocabulary learning, which is related to their learning strategies and selfregulation.
Sentence repetition in German-speaking individuals with Down syndrome
Authors: Witecy Bernadette , Tolkmit Tatjana , Penke Martina
Published: February 2021

The present study investigated the morphosyntactic abilities of German-speaking individuals with Down syndrome (DS) employing a sentence repetition task. In addition, a nonword repetition task was used to assess verbal short-term memory. The performance of 16 children/adolescents with DS was compared to that of 10 typically developing (TD) children. Group comparisons as well as the inspection of standard scores that were determined based on nonverbal mental age indicated a significant morphosyntactic impairment in most individuals with DS that could neither be solely attributed to the general cognitive delay nor to the observed deficit in verbal verbal short-term memory. Further qualitative results are presented.
Conceptos jurídicos indeterminados y derecho canónico
Authors: Carbajo Cobos Juan José
Published: February 2021

Los conceptos jurídicos indeterminados son palabras o conjuntos de palabras
presentes en los ordenamientos jurídicos, especialmente en los que nacen en la
modernidad. Este artículo trata de descubrirlos en el ámbito del Derecho Canónico,
donde aún se encuentran sin estudiar. Se tratará de responder a las siguientes cuestiones: Qué se entiende por conceptos jurídicos indeterminados y cuáles son sus
características, cuáles han sido interpretaciones erróneas a las que han sido sometidos, cómo aplicarlos. Finalmente, el artículo presentará una praxis de algunos de
estos conceptos.
Duración de la ley litúrgica
Authors: García Martín Julio
Published: February 2021

La reforma litúrgica, realizada en conformidad con los principios y normas de la
Constitución Sacrosanctum Concilium del Concilio ecuménico Vaticano II, es un conjunto de leyes eclesiásticas dadas para regular la correcta celebración de las acciones
litúrgicas, Sacramentos y otros actos de culto, determinando las funciones de todos los
participantes. Por su naturaleza jurídica de leyes están sometidas a las disposiciones
sobre las leyes eclesiásticas en lo que se refiere a la promulgación, duración y revocación, de manera que pueden ser reformadas por la autoridad competente cuando
sea necesario, por lo que no son inmutables. Esto lo demuestran las diversas leyes
litúrgicas emanadas después de la reforma mencionada.
La expulsión de un miembro de un instituto religioso por la ausencia ilegítima prolongada de la casa religiosa a tenor de los cánones 694 §1, 3º Y 696 §1
Authors: Jacinto Muñoz Erika
Published: February 2021

La vida fraterna en común es considerada como elemento esencial y constitutivo
de la vida religiosa. A pesar de ello, la práctica de los últimos años ha demostrado que
se presentan situaciones de ausencias ilegítimas de la casa religiosa, en la que los religiosos se sustraen a la potestad legítima del Superior y, en ocasiones, no se pueden
localizar. Ante esta realidad, el legislador canónico proporciona los procedimientos
administrativos de expulsión del Instituto Religioso, los cuales permiten gestionar y
dar respuesta a dichas situaciones complejas con la finalidad de solucionar, con el
mayor respeto posible, tanto la situación jurídica del religioso ilegítimamente ausente, como garantizar la disciplina religiosa y la justicia dentro del Instituto
Derecho, deber y persona. Una perspectiva kantiana
Authors: Ramos Salguero José
Published: February 2021

Se ofrece una reivindicación del deontologismo moral de Kant, a la vez ético y
jurídico, que integra la formulación de sus últimas obras, exponiendo los aspectos de
su doctrina menos conocidos o comprendidos. Se presenta esta doctrina como una
concepción de la persona tan original como decisiva para contrarrestar, desde el racionalismo crítico del apriorismo trascendental que funda el deontologismo trascendental, la tensión relativizadora de algunas corrientes contemporáneas de pensamiento
que pretenden sacralizar la Naturaleza y los animales, al tiempo que consideran la
defensa del aborto voluntario como un progreso en derechos jurídicos
Protection of children's rights in the International Community and in the Catholic Church: A comparative analysis
Authors: Riondino Michele
Published: February 2021

El presente estudio asume la perspectiva de derecho comparado para analizar
la evolución de la normativa respecto a la tutela y promoción de los derechos de los
niños, hasta llegar a la situación actual. En la primera parte se toma en consideración
la normativa internacional sobre promoción y protección de los sujetos menores de
edad; en la segunda, se presenta el progreso y las reformas llevadas a cabo en el
ordenamiento de la Iglesia católica, hasta las más recientes emanadas por el Papa
Francisco. En ambas secciones se otorga especial importancia a las cuestiones relacionadas con la necesidad de una mayor protección del niño contra toda forma de
abuso y explotación sexual
Training models
Authors:   Aзербайджанский университет языков, Bayramova Afat Aban
Published: February 2021

The article considers the problem of training organization models. It is noted that the training model reflects the approaches to the organization of the interaction between the subjects of education and training processes. Any model is a kind of ideal system that shows the real object. Any change in the system, as a result of the changes applied, leads to the emergence of a new system, unlike the previous one. For this reason, there can theoretically be a myriad of learning models; some may differ slightly from each other, some may have major differences. The training model is a systematized set of basic laws of student and teacher activity in the implementation of training. Key words: education model, learning model, developmental learning model, computer learning model, problem learning model, game learning model, project-based learning model, distance learning model
Psychological-physiological characteristics of vaginismus
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Unıversiteti, Tolunay Melek Anday Rifat
Published: February 2021

While vaginismus can occur in some women during the first sexual intercourse, and sometimes in women who have not had any problems during previous sexual intercourse, this diagnosis can occur over time, depending on a traumatic event or problem they are experiencing. Vaginismus is divided into primary and secondary according to the time of its formation. The following are the reasons for the formation of the secondary form: Problems between couples A traumatic birth experience Abortion Exposure to sexual assault Rough gynecological examination, etc. One of the points to note is that the diagnosis of vaginismus may include additional symptoms. These are: Apareunia, Dyspareunia and Vulvar Vestibulitis Syndrome (VVS, Vulvar Vestibulitis). Although the symptoms we have listed are very similar to vaginismus, they are completely different from each other. Key words: vaginismus, trauma, Attachment, types of vaginismus, couple relationships, Dyspareunia, Vulvar vestibulitis, Aparoni
Speech features of stuttering children
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Univeristeti, Avdji Sumeyra Hussein
Published: February 2021

To understand the nature of stuttering, it is important to clarify the speech characteristics of children who stutter. The level of development of language skills in stuttering children is almost the same as in normal-speaking children. They determine the reactions of individual characteristics to the influence of various situational factors. Research on the speech characteristics of stuttering children shows that they have difficulty using the means of communication in the communicative processes of speech, despite the richness of vocabulary and the ability to compose sentences. Stuttering is one of the most common speech disorders caused by convulsions in the muscles of the speech apparatus, and stuttering should be eliminated immediately when it occurs. Otherwise, it will get worse and worse over time and can do great damage to the child's mental development. Key words: stuttering, speech, motor skills, oral and written speech, articulation, convulsions
A Hadith Scholar in Üsküdar Prof. Dr. Raşit Küçük Life Works and Views on Hadith and Sunnah
Authors:   Bartın Üniversitesi (Bartın, Türkiyə), Koydju Erdogan
Published: February 2021

We examined Raşit Küçük’s life his boks, articles, papers and Religious Foundation of Turkey Encyclopaedia of Islam. We have identified the names of the substances contained in the first volume. We have determined the master and doctoral theses he has conducted at Marmara University Social Sciences Institute. We tried to reveal some of his views on Hadith and Sunnah in general terms, based on Raşit Küçük's books published, his statements in videos on his life and works based on the views we have identified his life philosophy is that a healthy awareness of Hadith and Sunnah is formed both in the public and in the academy. We ended our research by emphasizing the contribution of the works of Raşit Küçük who contributed to the acceleration of the Hadith Sciences in our country, both as a contribution to the Hadith Sciences. Key words: Hadith, Sunnah, Hadith Sciences, Hadith History, Raşit Küçük
Thyroid cancer in persons as a result of the Chernobyl accident
Authors: Alexander N. Stojarov  , Aleksey E. Okeanov  , Vladislav V. Khrustalev  , Alesia A. Yaumenenka
Published: February 2021

This study analyzed the sex and age characteristics of the incidence of thyroid cancer between residents of contaminated and not contaminated by the iodine-131 districts of Belarus in whom thyroid cancer was registered from 1986 to 2016. The analysis was carried out according to the data of the Belarusian Cancer Register and was focused on the age groups of 0-4, 5-9, 10-14, and 15-18 years old as of April 1986, i.e. at the time of the Chernobyl accident. The control group of patients was taken from the Lepel district of the Vitebsk region, which was not contaminated with iodine isotopes . The shortest latency period until the onset of the disease (16 years) was found for the 0-4 years old group. There are no significant gender differences in latency time and the age of diagnosis of thyroid cancer. In general, the incidence rates of thyroid cancer in the Brest region are higher than in the Vitebsk region, where there was practically no radioactive fallout of iodine-131. Comparison of the incidence in the Brest region with the nationwide one showed its decrease in 2006-2010, that can be explained by different latency periods of different age groups and the characteristics of radiation exposure. The data obtained supports the hypothesis of the radiation-induced nature of thyroid cancer due to the exposure of the population to radioactive iodine in April 1986.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHA TERNAK SAPI POTONG PADA KELOMPOK PEMUDA BERKARYA II (STUDI KASUS DI DESA KENDIT, KECAMATAN KENDIT, KABUPATEN SITUBONDO)
Authors: Muhammad Achmad , Yekti Gema Iftitah Anugerah
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pendapatan dan efisiensi usaha ternak sapi potong pada kelompok Pemuda Berkarya II. Penentuan daerah penelitian dilakukan secara sengaja yang dilaksanakan di Desa Kendit Kecamatan Kendit Kabupaten Situbondo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara sensus. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah Analisis Pendapatan dan Analisis B/C Ratio. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan usaha ternak sapi potong Kelompok Pemuda Berkarya II yang diperoleh dari selisih antara hasil penerimaan dengan total biaya produksi adalah sebesar Rp 133.254.843,00 selama 1 tahun (periode januari 2016 – januari 2017). Dari hasil analisis pendapatan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa usaha ternak sapi potong Kelompok Pemuda Berkarya II secara finansial menguntungkan. Dari analisis sebelumnya telah diketahui bahwa pendapatan usaha ternak Kelompok Pemuda Berkarya II sebesar Rp 133.254.843. Dengan total biaya produksi sebesar Rp 720.825.157, maka akan didapatkan Net B/C Ratio sebesar : 0,19. Dari hasil analisis B/C Ratio di atas yang mana hasilnya 0,19 < 1, menunjukkan bahwa usaha ternak sapi potong Kelompok Pemuda Berkarya II tidak efisien dan tidak layak untuk dikembangkan.
ANALISIS KEPUASAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP PRODUK IKAN PINDANG DI PASAR PRAJEKAN
Authors: Jannah Kholifahtun , Sutrisno Sutrisno
Published: February 2021

Karakteristik dari pengolahan tradisional adalah kemampuan pengetahuan pengolah rendah dengan keterampilan yang diperoleh secara turun-menurun, tingkat sanitasi dan hygiene rendah, sesuai dengan keadaan disekitarnya. Ikan pindang merupakan salah satu hasil olahan yang cukup populer di Indonesia, dalam urutan hasil olahan tradisional menduduki tempat kedua setelah ikan asin. Permintaan ikan pindang di Bondowoso tepatnya di Kecamatan mereka yang datang lalu bertransaksi ikan pindang di pasar Prajekan merupakan pedagang kebanyakan tengkulak. Pasar Prajekan merupakan salah satu pasar di Kota Bondowoso yang menjual ikan pindang yang berkualitas. Pada saat membeli ikan, masyarakat mempertimbangkan beberapa faktor seperti harga, pelayanan dan kondisi kesegaran ikan. Jenis ikan laut yang pada umumnya dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat prajekan adalah ikan tongkol, cakalan, layang, teri dan udang.
EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM KAWASAN RUMAH PANGAN LESTARI (KRPL) DI DESA AWAR-AWAR KECAMATAN ASEMBAGUS
Authors: Kuspriyantono Abdi
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalis efektivitas Program KRPL (Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari), faktor–faktor yang mempengaruhi implementasi program KRPL, dan efesiensi program KRPL. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Awar-Awar Kecamatan Asembagus Kabupaten Situbondo. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara langsung dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif dan menggunakan analisa statistik regresi linier berganda dan diuji menggunakan uji T dan uji F. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) efektivitas Program KRPL di desa Awar-Awar Kecamatan Asembagus sebesar 40% dan termasuk dalam kategori tidak efektif, (2) berdasarkan uji F,  secara simultan variabel X mempengaruhi implementasi program KRPL (Y), (3) berdasarkan uji T,  secara parsial hanya variabel pendidikan (X3) dan hobby (X5) yang mempengaruhi faktor implementasi KRPL (Y), dan (4) program KRPL di desa Awar-Awar Kecamatan Asembagus tidak efisien.
ANALISA PENDAPATAN SAYURAN PADA KAWASAN RUMAH PANGAN LESTARI (KRPL) KAMPUNG HIJAU DESA KLAMPOKAN
Authors: Krisdiantoro Ari , Sari Sasmita
Published: February 2021

Kawasan rumah pangan lestari merupakan suatu program dari pemerintah untuk mewujudkan ketahanan pangan sebagai pondasi pembangunan dari sektor-sektor lainnya. Sasaran program KRPL adalah warga yang mempunyai pekarangan terlantar (tidak dimanfaatkan) untuk dijadikan tempat tanam. Setiap anggota wajib mengembangkan pemanfaatan pekarangan dengan menanam tanaman sumber pangan (sayur, buah, umbi) ataupun memelihara ternak dan ikan. Tujuannya adalah menncukupi ketersediaan pangan dan gizi ditingkat rumah tangga. Hasil dari usaha pekarangan ini diutamakan untuk dikonsumsi oleh rumah tangga bersangkutan dan apabila berlebih dapat dibagikan/disumbangkan kepada anggota kelompok.Setiap pekarangan rumah anggota kelompok diharapkan dilengkapi dengan sarana pembuatan pupuk kompos dari sisa-sisa tanaman dan kotoran ternak dan sisa-sisa limbah dapur untuk digunakan sendiri. Pembangunan ketahanan pangan di indonesia ditunjukkan untuk menjamin ketersediaan dan konsumsi pangan yang cukup, aman, bermutu bergizi dan seimbang pada tingkat rumah tangga, daerah, nasional, sepanjang waktu dan merata. Hal ini dapat di lakukan melalui pemanfaatan sumber daya dan budaya lokal, teknologi inovatif dan peluang pasar. Salah satu contohnya yaitu melalui penanam sayuran di pekarangan rumah, dengan tujuan memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi setiap harinya. Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (KRPL) Kampung Hijau inilah peneliti akan menganalisa bagaimana pendapatan pada KRPL tersebut, apakah menguntungkan atau tidak dalam produksinya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pendapatan pada Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (KRPL) Kampung Hijau Desa Klampokan Kecamatan Panji Kabupaten Situbondo apakah menguntungkan atau tidak untuk diusahakan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah anggota Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (KRPL) Kampung Hijau yang menanam sayuran yaitu berjumlah 15 orang. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis pendapatan dan R/C Ratio.
ANALISA KOMPARATIF USAHA TANI PADI YANG MENGGUNAKAN PESTISIDA NABATI DAN PESTISIDA KIMIA (STUDI KASUS DI KELOMPOK TANI TIRTODIMULYO III DESA KLAMPOKAN KECAMATAN PANJI KABUPATEN SITUBONDO)
Authors: Rahmawati Listianah
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mengkaji penerimaan, (2) untuk menganalisis pendapatan dan (3) menganalisis efisiensi usaha tani padi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Klampokan Kecamatan Panji. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara langsung dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif dan menggunakan uji independent sampel t test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan antara penerimaan usahatani yang menggunakan pestisida nabati dan pestisida kimia. Terdapat perbedaan antara pendapatan usahatani yang menggunakan pestisida nabati dan pestisida kimia. Kemudian, tidak terdapat perbedaan antara efisiensi usahatani padi yang menggunakan pestisida nabati dan pestisida kimia.
ANALISA KELAYAKAN USAHATANI SEMANGKA NON BIJI DI DESA SUMBEREJO KECAMATAN BANYUPUTIH KABUPATEN SITUBONDO
Authors: Lukman Lukman , Yekti Gema Iftitah Anugerah
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui besar pendapatan usahatani semangka non biji di Desa Sumberejo, mengetahui tingkat efisiensi usahatani semangka non biji di Desa Sumberejo dan mengetahui tingkat kelayakan usahatani semangka non biji di Desa Sumberejo Kecamatan Banyuputih. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh petani semangka non biji di di Desa Sumberejo Kecamatan Banyuputih yang berjumlah 28 orang, penarikan sampel menggunakan teknik sampel secara sensus atau sampling jenuh, yaitu pengambilan populasi untuk dijadikan sampel sehingga sampel yang diteliti adalah sebanyak 28 petani semangka non biji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan rata-rata usahatani semangka non biji menguntungkan, dimana pendapatan rata-rata mencapai Rp. 56.727.128,-. Efisiensi usahatani semangka non biji rata-rata efisien mencapai 3,93. Kelayakan untuk usahatani semangka non biji rata-rata layak untuk dikembangkan mencapai 3,93. Saran dari peneliti adalah petani harus berusaha mempertahankan bahkan meningkatkan usahatani semangka non biji karena memiliki prospek yang baik dan menguntungkan selama ini, menambah informasi mengenai teknis budidaya yang lebih modern, dan lebih memperhatikan manajemen budidaya semangka non biji
HEMA in the map of science
Authors: Miskolczi Mátyás
Published: February 2021

This article aims to place HEMA on the map of science. To be able to start this work I have to find an appropriate definition on science and on discipline (field of science). After describing main characters of a discipline I investigate HEMA if it shows this characteristic or can be recognised as an interdisciplinary field. The second question I focus on is the place of this field between disciplines and interdisciplinary topics. For this investigation I review methods of bibliometrics and scientometrics and choose a fitting method to be able to get an answer. I also choose a relevant sample of publications the chosen method can be performed on. After mapping HEMA and having result of the chosen method I try to give a picture on the development of in-field usage of HEMA-related works (how often relevant articles are cited by other HEMA-related articles).
Mertein Hündsfelder: Fechtlehre mit dem Kurzen Schwert , circa 1491 AD Fight-Teaching with the Shortened Sword from Codex Speyer (137r-141r)
Authors: Waldmann Szabolcs
Published: February 2021

This transcription / translation of mine was first released online in 2005 (Waldmann, 2005 and Waldmann, 2006), and in print in 2008 (Clements, 2008). Since that time wehave been using these teachings extensively in our school, in the armoured classes. Together with Marcell Tóth, who is also a trainer in the same class, we have been using this translation as basis for our work; moreover, he wrote his Free Scholler paper from the very same material (Tóth, 2012). Thus, this new release of the article incorporatesthose seven years of practice and research.
The true edge: a comparison between self-defense fighting from German “fight-books” (Fechtbücher) and the reality of judicial sources (1400-1550)
Authors: Bas Pierre-Henry
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the “self-defense” techniques presented in fightbooks and treaties. The objective is to determine if these techniques take the reality of fight in account, to evaluate the difference between theory and practice in remaining safe during an aggression. In order to do so, this work uses crossed analysis, with remission letters (judicial sources) studied in the light of the knowledge contained in the fight-books. This study is based on the sorting out of weapons, wounds, and times of death found in remission letters (the data of real fight). In parallel, the theorization of fight in treaties will be taken in account.
Thibault and Science I. Measure, Distances and Proportions in the Circle
Authors: Majár János , Várhelyi Zoltán
Published: February 2021

In this paper we investigate the basic mathematical and philosophical tool of Gérard Thibault d’Anvers, the Circle. One of our main goals was to describe the Circle with coordinate geometry, and to estimate the rate of accuracy of his work. Furthermore, we also wanted to test the statements made by Thibault in his fencing manual, Academy of the Sword [Thibault, 1630; Greer, 2005]. To do this, we compared his observations and calculations with the results of available modern day and historical anthropometrical data sets. Based on our results, we also want to give some practical information about Thibault system for the fencers who study his art in our time.
Thoughts on the Role of Cavalry in Medieval Warfare
Authors: Gassmann Jack
Published: February 2021

This article explores the role of cavalry in medieval warfare starting with it’s origins in the Carolingian age, examining how cavalry was used as a strategic asset within the context of the period on at an operational level, as well as the tactics they were likely to have employed. Due to my interest in both medieval warhorses and mounted combat research into the context and use of medieval cavalry was a natural by-product. Using primary resources such as first-hand accounts and period artwork as well as secondary literature, the article summarizes the findings of my research. Most historians, despite the recognition that field-battles were not the heart and soul of medieval warfare, still judge medieval cavalry by their performance within them. My findings show a much greater concentration on small unit actions, both in armament and organization, with cavalry centred on chevauchées on raiding and subduing castles in swift commando type take and hold missions. The diversity of mounted forces are also examined in the context of the lance and the integration of mounted crossbowmen and bowmen for combined arms tactics.
Medieval Hunting as Training for War Insights for the Modern Swordsman
Authors: Swinney Richard , Crawford Scott
Published: February 2021

Since antiquity, hunting (the pursuit of large game with dogs, swords, spears and bows) has been advocated as the best means of training men for war. The cognitive, psychological and physical demands of hunting in this fashion develop a fundamentally different skill set from that of standard modern Western Martial Arts training. Still legal in the United States, hunting wild boar employing medieval weapons and methods provides insights into swordsmanship readily available nowhere else.
The Bolognese Societates Armatae of the Late 13th Century
Authors: Gassmann Jürg
Published: February 2021

The Bologna archives preserve the bye-laws of 24 „armed societies”, dating from between 1230 and the early 1300s, written in good notary Latin. Though known to exist in other Italian city-states, only few non-Bolognese armed society bye-laws are preserved. These armed societies had disappeared everywhere by the Late Middle Ages.

This article explores the function of these armed societies and the feudal law aspects of the bye-laws - was their function predominantly military, social or political? Why did they suddenly appear, and just as suddenly disappear? How did they fit into Bologna’s constitution - how did they relate to the civic authorities, the guilds?

How did these armed societies operate? Who were the members? What arms did they have? Did they participate in the warfare between the city-states, the battles of the Lombard League and the Holy Roman Empire, the struggles between the Emperor and the Pope, the feuds between the Ghibellines and the Guelphs?
Effect of flooding, high temperatures and pH on germination behavior of two Iranian Knapweed (Centaurea depressa M. Bieb.) populations
Authors: Ebadi Seyedeh Zohreh , Golzardi Farid , Vaziritabar Yavar , Vaziritabar Yazdan , Ebadi Mozhgan Sadat
Published: February 2021

To study the response of seed germination of Centaurea depressa in different conditions, three separate experiments were conducted. The first one, investigated the effect of high temperatures in ten levels (25, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200 and 220°C); the second one, tested the effect of different acidity at seven levels (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10) and the third experiment, studied the different flooding duration at five levels (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 days), on percentage and rate of germination, root and shoot length and dry weight of seedlings in two populations of Karaj and Ahvaz. Increasing flooding duration in Karaj and Ahvaz resulted a sort of reduction on before mentioned traits in both populations; so that 4 days flooding of seeds in both populations completely stopped its growth. Two seed populations germinated in all levels of acidity treatments. The maximum of germination observed in pH=7 and the minimum percentage of germination in Karaj (9.5%) and Ahvaz (11.5%) population observed respectively at 10 and 4 acidity rates. Also increasing temperature leaded a negative impact on aforementioned traits; so that, these traits get to zero point at 120 0C temperatures in both populations of Karaj and Ahvaz.
Effect of food on seasonal response in Indian weaver bird (Ploceus philippinus)
Authors: Malik Shikha , Pandey Rohit Kumar , Bhardwaj Sanjay Kumar
Published: February 2021

We investigated the effect of normal (adlib) and supplementary food on body mass, testes growth, moult and plumage color in Indian weaver birds. Birds intially were kept under natural day length (NDL) and then exposed to short day lengths (8 h light: 16 h darkness) for at least 2 weeks before being subjected to an experimental regime. They were divided into five groups (n=4 each), groups 1 and 2 were held under SDL (Short day length -8L: 16D), groups 3 and 4 were exposed to LDL (Long daylength-16L: 8D) and simultaneously group 5 held under natural day length, served as control. One group of SDL (Group 2) and LDL (group 3) as well as group 5 (NDL) were fed on grain with supplement proteinaceous food and groups 2 and 4 were fed on adlib food (grain) only. Observations on body mass, testis growth, bodymolt and plumage color were recorded bi weekly. A significant change in the body mass under both photoperiodic groups (SDL; group 2 and LDL; group 4), but the testicular growth was noticed on long day lengths (LDL: 16L: 8D) and control (NDL) group. However the supplement food modulated the testes growth, body molt, beak pigmentation and body plumage regeneration. Early feather regeneration was found in supplementary food group under long day length. It is suggested that the supplementary food, affects the timing of the development of secondary sexual characteristics.
Incidences of winter fish kill in subtropical Surinsar Lake (Ramsar Site) in Shivalik hills of Jammu (J&K)
Authors: Dutta S.P.S. , Slathia D. , Slathia D. , K. Chandbala
Published: February 2021

Mass mortality of fish was observed in the morning on 02-02-2011 in winter monomictic Surinsar lake, Jammu and has been reported. Maximum count of dead fish was shared by Puntius spp. (P. ticto, P. conchonius and P. sophore). Other dead fishes of family Cyprinidae include Rasbora rasbora, Esomus danrica and Cyprinus carpio communis. A few dead specimens of air breathing Heteropneustes fossilis and Channa punctatus were also seen. In the present paper, possible causes of fish kill have been described.
Standardization of spacing and weed management practices in SRI system of rice cultivation under organic conditions in relation to sustainable agriculture in the changing scenario of climate
Authors: K. Rameshwar , Saini J.P. , Chadha Sanjay , K. Punam , Upadhyay R.G.
Published: February 2021

A field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 2009 & 2010 at Model Organic Farm of Department of Organic agriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalya Palampur in factorial randomized block design with three replications consisting of eight treatment combinations. The treatments included two methods of weeding (mechanical weeding with cono weeder & hand weeding) and 4 spacings (25x25, 30x30, 20x20 and 30x20 cm). Rice variety RP-2421 was transplanted in second week of July during both the years following all organic packages of practices. The weeding was done at 20 & 40 days after transplanting rice. The dominant species of weeds were Echinochloa crusgalli, Digitaria sanguinalis and Panicum  dichotomiflorum among grasses; Cyperus iria and Cyperus difforimis among sedges and Aeschynomera indica, Ammania spp and Commelina benghalensis among broadleaved weeds.The experimental results revealed that 2 mechanical weedings with cono-weeder at 20 & 40 DAT resulted in significantly higher values of yield attributes viz. effective tillers/m2 & panicle length and hence higher paddy yield and lower weed dry weight over hand weeding twice (20 & 40 DAT). However, grains/ panicle and 1000 grain weight did not vary significantly during both the years. Among spacings 30x30 cm being at par with 25x25 cm & 30x20 cm recorded significantly higher paddy yield and lower weed dry weight over 20x20 cm during both the years. The interactions between method of weedings& spacing were observed to be non-significant during both the years of study.
An ecological assessment of vineyard houses: a case study from Bucak
Authors: Danaci Hacer Mutlu
Published: February 2021

Within cultural landscapes, there exists vernacular architecture that is characteristic in design of its region, construction techniques and materials, but is currently rarely used. Anatolia, a region that encompasses various regions with differing climates and cultures, is considerably rich in architectural splendor. In Southern Turkey, a part of Anatolia, vineyard houses in the Mediterranean Region’s Bucak Borough of Burdur Province are prototypical authentic vernacular architecture samples. Vineyard House use is becoming obsolete and these structures are disappearing. These vineyard houses are a cornerstone of the culture that built them, yet they have not attracted sufficient attraction in literature. Examination of sample relief works of vineyard houses within the borders of Bucak Borough placed their importance in an ecological context. Our goal is to ultimately protect these structures for both planning principles and to preserve the material, construction technique and cultural landscape to make vineyard houses usable to summer vacationists coming from the Antalya Province. This study is to ensure the vernacular architecture of vineyard houses in Bucak, they do not have any official protection status, are processed into literature, and to be a guide to any new designs. Vineyard houses’ have ecological properties in the framework of ecological criteria encompassing regional architecture, settlement structure, building form, place organization, and material choice.
Carbon sequestration by different tree species in tropical dry deciduous forest of Panchmahal District (Gujarat) in India
Authors: Pilania P.K. , Gujar R.V. , Panchal N.S.
Published: February 2021

Trees act as a sink for CO2 by fixing carbon during photosynthesis and storing surplus carbon as biomass which alter through time as trees grow, die and decay. There is uncertainty about the extent of carbon stored in forests by trees. 28 species belonging to 20 families were studied to demonstrate relationship among carbon sequestration which was half the tree biomass. Total carbon sequestration was 448.044 tonnes dominated byTectona grandis L.F., Butea monosperma (Lam) Taub and Diospyrosmelanoxylon Roxb. The deviation in carbon sequestration was observed due to girth, height, biomass, native place and economic importance of species. Statistically a positive correlation of 0.966 was found between the total number of trees and total carbon sequestration.
Dominance, diversity and evenness of Waterfowl: A case study of Sirpur tank, Indore (M.P.)
Authors: Malhotra M. , Prakash M.M. , Pawar K.
Published: February 2021

The present paper deals with the Dominance, Diversity and Evenness of waterfowl observed during Oct. 2007 to Sept. 2009 at Sirpur lake (also known as Sirpur Tank), Indore. The highest Dominance, Diversity and Evenness was observed 0.0722 (March, 2008), 3.0449 (March, 2008) and 0.9100 (Jul, 2008) respectively, while lowest values of these indices were observed 0.2537 (Aug 2008), 1.2284 (Aug, 2009) and 0.5418 (Jan, 2009) respectively.