bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ironing process optimization for enhanced properties in material extrusion technology using Box–Behnken Design
Authors: Alzyod Hussein , Ficzere Peter
Published: January 2024

Material Extrusion (MEX) technology, a prominent process in the field of additive manufacturing (AM), has witnessed significant growth in recent years. The continuous quest for enhanced material properties and refined surface quality has led to the exploration of post-processing techniques. In this study, we delve into the ironing process as a vital processing step, focusing on the optimization of its parameters through the application of Design of Experiments (DoE), specifically the Box–Behnken Design (BBD). Through a systematic examination of ironing process parameters, we identified optimal conditions that resulted in a substantial reduction in surface roughness (Ra) by approximately 69%. Moreover, the integration of optimized ironing process parameters led to remarkable improvements in mechanical properties. For instance, the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) saw a substantial improvement of approximately 29%, while the compressive strength (CS) showed an increase of about 25%. The flexural strength (FS) witnessed a notable enhancement of around 35%, and the impact strength (IS) experienced a significant boost of about 162%. The introduction of ironing minimizes voids, enhances layer bonding, and reduces surface irregularities, resulting in components that not only exhibit exceptional mechanical performance but also possess refined aesthetics. This research sheds light on the transformative potential of precision experimentation, post-processing techniques, and statistical methodologies in advancing Material Extrusion technology. The findings offer practical implications for industries requiring high-performance components with structural integrity and aesthetic appeal.
Colorful graphene-based wearable e-textiles prepared by co-dyeing cotton fabrics with natural dyes and reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Moon Sungwoo , Chae Youngjoo
Published: January 2024

In addition to the functionality of electronic textiles (e-textiles), their aesthetic properties should be considered to expand their marketability. In this study, premordanted cotton fabrics were co-dyed with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and natural dyes to develop ecofriendly and colorful graphene-based wearable e-textiles. The color attributes of the textiles were analyzed in terms of the dyeing conditions, namely, rGO loading, mordant type, and natural dye type. The lightness of the dyed samples increased in the order of cochineal < gardenia blue < rhubarb. Regardless of the natural dye and rGO loading, the lightness of the fabrics mordanted with Fe was lower than that with Al and Cu. Moreover, the rhubarb- and gardenia blue-dyed fabrics exhibited broad chroma and hue dispersions, indicating the strong impact of the dyeing conditions. With increasing rGO loading, the chroma of the rhubarb-dyed fabrics substantially decreased, resulting in decreased color saturation. The initial greenish-blue color of the gardenia blue-dyed fabrics gradually changed to yellowish-green and then yellow. Regardless of the natural dye, drastic overall color changes were observed, with average values of 7.60, 11.14, 12.68, and 13.56 ΔECMC(2:1) at increasing rGO loadings of 1, 3, 5, and 7% owb, respectively.
Temporal elevation of blood pressure is associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac arrest
Authors: Kim Yun Gi , Min Kyongjin , Jeong Joo Hee , Roh Seung-Young , Han Kyung-Do , Shim Jaemin , Choi Jong-Il , Kim Young-Hoon
Published: January 2024

Hypertension is a known risk factor for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). However, the role of temporal changes in blood pressure on the risk of SCA is not fully understood. This study was conducted to determine whether a temporal increase or decrease in blood pressure is associated with the risk of SCA. This study was based on nationwide healthcare insurance data. Individuals who underwent nationwide health check-ups in 2009 and 2011 were analyzed. A total of 2,801,153 individuals were evaluated for 8100 SCA events during the 17, 740, 420 person-years of follow-up. In a multivariate analysis, there were linear association between the degree of temporal elevation of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the risk of SCA: (i) adjusted-hazard ratio (HR) 1.11 (p = 0.001) in 10 ≤ ΔSBP < 20 (mmHg) group; (ii) adjusted-HR 1.40 (p < 0.001) in 20 ≤ ΔSBP < 40 group; and (iii) adjusted-HR 1.88 (p < 0.001) in 40 ≤ ΔSBP group as compared with the reference group (− 10 ≤ ΔSBP < 10). Temporal increase in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) also a showed significant association with SCA risk with the highest risk observed in ∆DBP ≥ 25 group (adjusted-HR 1.61; p < 0.001) as compared with the reference group (− 5 ≤ ΔDBP < 5). The association between SBP and SCA was not affected by age, sex, presence of diabetes mellitus, or baseline SBP. In conclusion, a temporal increase in blood pressure was significantly associated with the occurrence of SCA, and this association was consistent across all subgroups. However, a temporary decrease in blood pressure does not reduce the risk of SCA. Prevention of elevated blood pressure may play an important role in preventing SCA.
Second haploidentical bone marrow transplantation with antithymocyte antibody-containing conditioning regimen for graft failure in eight patients with severe aplastic anemia
Authors: Zhang Chengtao , Hou Yutong , Yang Yan , Zhang Jingjing , Zheng Xiaoli , Yan Jinsong
Published: January 2024

The effects of a second haploidentical bone marrow transplantation with an antithymocyte antibody-containing conditioning regimen after graft failure in patients with severe aplastic anemia remain unclear. Eight severe aplastic anemia patients with graft failure with a median age of 12.5 (range, 3–22) years were retrospectively reviewed. At the second transplantation, they received a median mononuclear cell number of 15.7 (range, 11.2–20.9) × 108/kg or a median CD34+ cell number of 6.2 (range, 2.5–17.5) × 106/kg. They were all successfully engrafted, with a median time of 12.5 (range, 11–16) days for neutrophils and 24 (range, 14–50) days for platelets. Three patients developed skin acute graft-versus-host disease Grades I–II, and another 3 developed limited chronic graft-versus-host disease. All patients successfully recovered after treatment with methylprednisolone (0.5–1 mg/kg/day) and tacrolimus. One patient each died of respiratory failure caused by multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae at 8 months and invasive fungal disease at 23 months after transplantation. Six patients survived with a 5-year estimated overall survival of 75% and a median follow-up time of 61 (range, 8–129) months. A second haploidentical bone marrow transplantation with an antithymocyte antibody-containing conditioning regimen was feasible for saving severe aplastic anemia patients with graft failure.
A fragmented neural network ensemble method and its application to image classification
Authors: Zhang Xu , Liu Shuai , Wang Xueli , Li Yumei
Published: January 2024

In recent years, deep neural networks have evolved rapidly in engineering technology, with models becoming larger and deeper. However, for most companies, developing large models is extremely costly and highly risky. Researchers usually focus on the performance of the model, neglecting its cost and accessibility. In fact, most regular business scenarios do not require high-level AI. A simple and inexpensive modeling method for fulfilling certain demands for practical applications of AI is needed. In this paper, a Fragmented neural network method is proposed. Inspired by the random forest algorithm, both the samples and features are randomly sampled on image data. Images are randomly split into smaller pieces. Weak neural networks are trained using these fragmented images, and many weak neural networks are then ensembled to build a strong neural network by voting. In this way, sufficient accuracy is achieved while reducing the complexity and data volume of each base learner, enabling mass production through parallel and distributed computing. By conducting experiments on the MNIST and CIFAR10 datasets, we build a model pool using FNN, CNN, DenseNet, and ResNet as the basic network structure. We find that the accuracy of the ensemble weak network is significantly higher than that of each base learner. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the ensemble network is highly dependent on the performance of each base learner. The accuracy of the ensemble network is comparable to or even exceeds that of the full model and has better robustness. Unlike other similar studies, we do not pursue SOTA models. Instead, we achieved results close to the full model with a smaller number of parameters and amount of data.
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis strain affects transcriptomic response in liver but not skin in latitudinal populations of the common toad (Bufo bufo)
Authors: Chondrelli Niki , Kuehn Emily , Meurling Sara , Cortázar-Chinarro Maria , Laurila Anssi , Höglund Jacob
Published: January 2024

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a fungal pathogen that has decimated amphibian populations worldwide for several decades. We examined the changes in gene expression in response to Bd infection in two populations of the common toad, Bufo bufo, in a laboratory experiment. We collected B. bufo eggs in southern and northern Sweden, and infected the laboratory-raised metamorphs with two strains of the global panzoonotic lineage Bd-GPL. Differential expression analysis showed significant differences between infected and control individuals in both liver and skin. The skin samples showed no discernible differences in gene expression between the two strains used, while liver samples were differentiated by strain, with one of the strains eliciting no immune response from infected toads. Immune system genes were overexpressed in skin samples from surviving infected individuals, while in liver samples the pattern was more diffuse. Splitting samples by population revealed a stronger immune response in northern individuals. Differences in transcriptional regulation between populations are particularly relevant to study in Swedish amphibians, which may have experienced varying exposure to Bd. Earlier exposure to this pathogen and subsequent adaptation or selection pressure may contribute to the survival of some populations over others, while standing genetic diversity in different populations may also affect the infection outcome.
The influence of tactical formation on physical and technical performance across playing positions in the Chinese super league
Authors: Zhang Wei , Gong Bo , Tao Rancheng , Zhou Fei , Ruano Miguel Ángel Gómez , Zhou Changjing
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to investigate the impact of tactical formations on the physical and technical performance of professional football players in the Chinese Super League (CSL). A sample of 800 games from the 2015–2021 CSL was analyzed, and players' physical (total distance covered, distance covered while ball in play, number of sprints, sprint distance, and high/middle/low-speed running) and technical (gain/loss of possession, ball retention percentage, challenges, challenge success percentage, passes, and pass success percentage) performance was assessed across six team formations: 3-5-2 (n = 137), 4-3-3 (n = 77), 4-2-3-1 (n = 391), 4-4-2 (n = 257), 3-4-3 (n = 41), and 4-1-4-1 (n = 107). Linear mixed models were used to assess variations in performance indicators across positions and formations. The results demonstrated that central defenders traveled significantly more total and low-speed running distances in the 3-5-2 formation than in the 4-2-3-1 formation (ES range: 0.33–0.34, p < 0.01). Fullbacks in the 3-5-2 formation demonstrated more high-speed running than did those in the 4-4-2 formation (ES = 0.27, p = 0.04). The central midfielders exhibited significantly more sprints and longer sprint distances in the 4-2-3-1 formation than in the 4-4-2 formation (ES range: 0.2–0.24, p < 0.01). Regarding technical performance, central defenders displayed significantly greater ball retention percentages, passes, and pass success rates in the 3-4-3 than in the 3-5-2 formations (ES range: 0.58–0.65, p < 0.01). Moreover, fullbacks and central midfielders executed markedly more passes with superior pass success rates in 4-back formations than in 3-5-2 formations (ES range: 0.2–0.53, p < 0.01). These findings can help coaches and academic staff understand the physical and technical requirements of various positions in various tactical formations, thus optimizing the training process.
Understanding climate change impacts on drought in China over the 21st century: a multi-model assessment from CMIP6
Authors: Xu Feng , Qu Yanping , Bento Virgílio A. , Song Hongquan , Qiu Jianxiu , Qi Junyu , Wan Lingling , Zhang Rongrong , Miao Lijuan , Zhang Xuesong , Wang Qianfeng
Published: January 2024

The future state of drought in China under climate change remains uncertain. This study investigates drought events, focusing on the region of China, using simulations from five global climate models (GCMs) under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) participating in the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP3b). The daily Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) is employed to analyze drought severity, duration, and frequency over three future periods. Evaluation of the GCMs’ simulations against observational data indicates their effectiveness in capturing historical climatic change across China. The rapid increase in CO2 concentration under high-emission scenarios in the mid- and late-future century (2040–2070 and 2071–2100) substantially influences vegetation behavior via regulation on leaf stomata and canopy structure. This regulation decelerates the increase in potential evapotranspiration, thereby mitigating the sharp rise in future drought occurrences in China. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to develop strategies and measures for mitigating and adapting to future drought conditions in China.
Optimal thermodynamic conditions to minimize kinetic by-products in aqueous materials synthesis
Authors: Wang Zheren , Sun Yingzhi , Cruse Kevin , Zeng Yan , Fei Yuxing , Liu Zexuan , Shangguan Junyi , Byeon Young-Woon , Jun KyuJung , He Tanjin , Sun Wenhao , Ceder Gerbrand
Published: January 2024

Phase diagrams offer substantial predictive power for materials synthesis by identifying the stability regions of target phases. However, thermodynamic phase diagrams do not offer explicit information regarding the kinetic competitiveness of undesired by-product phases. Here we propose a quantitative and computable thermodynamic metric to identify synthesis conditions under which the propensity to form kinetically competing by-products is minimized. We hypothesize that thermodynamic competition is minimized when the difference in free energy between a target phase and the minimal energy of all other competing phases is maximized. We validate this hypothesis for aqueous materials synthesis through two empirical approaches: first, by analysing 331 aqueous synthesis recipes text-mined from the literature; and second, by systematic experimental synthesis of LiIn(IO3)4 and LiFePO4 across a wide range of aqueous electrochemical conditions. Our results show that even for synthesis conditions that are within the stability region of a thermodynamic Pourbaix diagram, phase-pure synthesis occurs only when thermodynamic competition with undesired phases is minimized.
Ultra-efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 using ionic liquid conjugated polymers for genome editing-based tumor therapy
Authors: Huang Zhongming , Yang Tongren , Yu Jie , Gao Yijian , Weng Yuhua , Huang Yuanyu , Li Shengliang
Published: January 2024

Through molecular screening, ionic liquid-conjugated polymers (IL-CPs) are developed for highly efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system, which demonstrated high-performance genome editing-based tumor therapy.
Dual active sites of single-atom copper and oxygen vacancies formed in situ on ultrathin TiO2(B) nanosheets boost the photocatalytic dehalogenative C–C coupling synthesis of bibenzyl
Authors: Chen Qifeng , Zheng Peng , Liu Haodi , Zhang Yuanrong , Li Shuaitao , Guo Hongpian , Fang Yanfen , Hu Xun , Duan Ran
Published: January 2024

The combination of photocatalytic dehalogenation of halogenated aromatics and C–C coupling synthesis of valuable organics is an interesting method for the elimination of pollutants and synthesis of valuable chemicals.
Selectivity controlled synthesis of furan-ring nitrogenous compounds from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Gao Xuan , Li Zhihui , Zhang Dongsheng , Zhao Xinqiang , Wang Yanji
Published: January 2024

A series of furan-ring nitrogenous compounds were synthesized from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), NH3 and H2O2 under mild conditions. The yields of all the products could reach more than 90%.
High-performance TiO2 catalyst composited with In–1,1,2,2-tetra(4-carboxylbiphenyl)ethylene for the efficient degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Li Chenchen , Nan Jian , Liang Ruike , Wang Huabin , Xu Rui , Zhang Yong
Published: January 2024

A combination of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with TiO2 can improve the performance of TiO2 in the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.
Reduction of neutral lipid reservoirs, bioconversion and untargeted metabolomics reveal distinct roles for vitamin K isoforms on lipid metabolism
Authors: Silva Natália Gonçalves , Preto Marco , Vasconcelos Vitor , Urbatzka Ralph
Published: January 2024

Vitamin K isoforms are known as co-factors for the synthesis of blood-clotting proteins, but several other bioactivities were reported.
(−)-Epicatechin and colonic metabolite 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, alone or in combination with metformin, protect cardiomyocytes from high glucose/high palmitic acid-induced damage by regulating redox status, apoptosis and autophagy
Authors: García-Díez Esther , Pérez-Jiménez Jara , Martín María Ángeles , Ramos Sonia
Published: January 2024

EC and DHBA, alone or in combination with MET, alleviated glucolipotoxic-induced cardiac damage in cultured cells by regulating the redox status, autophagy and apoptosis.
Drug catalyzed polymerization yields one pot nanomedicines
Authors: Hurst Paul Joshua , Gassaway Kyle J. , Abouchaleh Mohammed Faris , Idris Nehal S. , Jones Chelsea R. , Dicksion Chris A. , Nowick James S. , Patterson Joseph P.
Published: January 2024

In this work, by using drugs as a catalyst coupled with a polymerization-induced self-assembly process, we synthesise drug-polymer particles in one pot compared to a standard stepwise process.
Discovery of benzoheterocyclic-substituted amide derivatives as apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitors
Authors: Tang Lin , Li Minxiong , Bai Changlin , Feng Xuejin , Hu Haiyang , Yao Yufen , Li Baiqing , Li Hongwei , Qin Guohong , Xi Ning , Lv Genpin , Zhang Lei
Published: January 2024

Three series of benzoheterocyclic-substituted amide derivatives were designed and synthesized in this work, and compound 17a was discovered to be a novel potent inhibitor of ASK1 with good druggability.
Prediction of quality markers in Maren Runchang pill for constipation using machine learning and network pharmacology
Authors: Liu Yunxiao , Guo Lanping , Li Qi , Yang Wencui , Dong Hongjing
Published: January 2024

Maren Runchang pill (MRRCP) is a Chinese patent medicine used to treat constipation in clinics.
Nanogold-coated stent facilitated non-invasive photothermal ablation of stent thrombosis and restoration of blood flow
Authors: Singh Nitesh , Kulkarni Paresh P. , Tripathi Prashant , Agarwal Vikas , Dash Debabrata
Published: January 2024

The schematic representation illustrates deployment of a nanogold-coated stent for achieving non-invasive photothermal ablation of stent thrombosis upon NIR laser irradiation, leading to the restoration of blood flow.
Enhancing the electronic and optical properties of the metal/semiconductor NbS2/BSe nanoheterostructure towards advanced electronics
Authors: Nguyen S. T. , Huong T. T. T. , Ca N. X. , Nguyen C. Q.
Published: January 2024

Metal–semiconductor (M–S) contacts play a vital role in advanced applications, serving as crucial components in ultracompact devices and exerting a significant impact on overall device performance.
Unveiling the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative potential of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles mediated byColletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Gupta Priyamvada , Singh Swati , Rai Nilesh , Verma Ashish , Tiwari Harshita , Kamble Swapnil C. , Gautam Hemant Kumar , Gautam Vibhav
Published: January 2024

Bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using fungal endophyteColletotrichum gloeosporioidesshows spherical shape and crystalline nature and reduces breast cancer cell viability through metabolic alteration and targeting specific biomarker genes.
The radical scavenging activity of monocaffeoylquinic acids: the role of neighboring hydroxyl groups and pH levels
Authors: Vo Quan V. , Thuy Hoa Duong Thi , Hoa Nguyen Thi , Tran Manh Duc , Mechler Adam
Published: January 2024

Through the hydrogen transfer reaction of adjacent hydroxyl groups, CQAs demonstrate excellent antioxidant activity in aqueous physiological environments.
Kinetics of dehydrogenation of n-heptane over GaPt supported catalytically active liquid metal solutions (SCALMS)
Authors: Sebastian Oshin , Al-Shaibani Asem , Taccardi Nicola , Haumann Marco , Wasserscheid Peter
Published: January 2024

The concept of Supported Catalytically Active Liquid Metal Solutions (SCALMS) was explored for the catalytic dehydrogenation of n-heptane.
A 3D binder-free rGO/NiMnCo nanosheet for highly efficient hybrid supercapacitors and ion-selective capacitive deionization
Authors: Delfani Ehsan , Habibzadeh Sajjad , Pourdayan Morvarid , Naji Leila , Ganjali Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2024

In this work, we investigated a one-step electrophoretic process to fabricate a rGO/NiMnCo–OH nanosheet material.
Surface decoration on self-supporting high entropy alloy electrodes for enhanced electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Zhou Runtong , Han Xiao , Chen Qiao , Peng Luwei , Qiu Xueyuan , Wang Pan , Guo Chang , Wang Jincheng , Wang Zhijun , Hao Jianhua
Published: January 2024

The development of mechanically robust and electrochemically active high-performance electrodes is essential for the electrocatalytic process, thus reducing the energy input and achieving excellent environmental tolerance.
Exploring the mechanisms of magnetic fields in supercapacitors: material classification, material nanostructures, and electrochemical properties
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Han Chun , Guo Li , Wu Xiaoliang , Zhao Yunhe
Published: January 2024

The review illustrates that the magnetic field effect can promote the generation of different nanostructures in material synthesis, achieve the transition from 1D to 2D and 3D structures in material assembly and improve the energy density of supercapacitor by the direct and indirect roles.
Regulating oxygen functionalities of cellulose-derived hard carbon toward superior sodium storage
Authors: Zhao Boyang , Li Xiaotian , Shang Lei , Qiu Chuang , Yuan Renlu , Liu Haiyan , Liu Tao , Li Ang , Chen Xiaohong , Song Huaihe
Published: January 2024

A pre-oxidation treatment was applied to adjust the microstructure of hard carbon; we investigated the mechanism of pre-oxidation, designed a closed-pore structure and constructed a high plateau capacity anode for sodium-ion batteries.
Bone marrow-inspired hydrogel/graphene composite scaffolds to support in vitro expansion of hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Hong Jing , Zhu Zhanchi , Cui Leisha , Wang Zhaojun , Hao Ying , Tian Xiaopeng , Cheng Guosheng
Published: January 2024

A hydrogel/graphene composite scaffold was engineered to replicate the “soft” vascular niche and “stiff” endosteal niche within the bone marrow.
Electrically configurable SERS-FET for the highly sensitive and selective detection of molecules
Authors: Xu Yinghao , Ye Qinli , Wu Miaomiao , Xu Yong , Chen Dong , Zeng Shuwen , Liu Kui , Zhu Liqiang , Birowosuto Muhammad Danang , Jiang Tao , Gu Chenjie
Published: January 2024

A tungsten-oxide-based SERS FET with selective SERS enhancement through precise ion injection by pulse voltage was proposed. By controlling the applied pulse number, the SERS enhancement of the FET to different molecules can be manipulated.
Pyridine-amide-based hetero-copper iodide for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes and aerosol discolouration of VOC gases
Authors: Wang Ze-Bin , Zhang Yu-Hang , Sun Yi-Lian , Lv Mei-Heng , Liu Yu , Li Wen-Ze , Luan Jian , Zhang Xiao-Sa
Published: January 2024

The new hybrid cuprous iodide is the first copper iodide polymer with both photocatalytic and gas-chromic properties. This work extends the development of photochemical sensors for the more rapid and sensitive detection of VOC gases.
A reduced order model to assist welding parameter setup
Authors: Le Guennec Yves , Morville Simon
Published: January 2024

This article demonstrates the time saving in industrial process setup using numerical reduced order modelling (ROM). The numerical simulations may supply useful information to design manufacturing processes but are often time consuming and then not suited with multi-query study such as inverse problem. ROM aims at replacing the original simulation (so-called high-fidelity (HF)) by a low rank model that will run fast according to the HF simulation time. Multi-query studies will use the ROM instead of the HF simulation to save time and deliver a solution consistent with industrial timeline. To validate the solution, the HF simulation will be used. In this paper, a problem of calibration of TIG welding parameter will illustrate this approach.
Mechanical behavior and microstructure of dissimilar aluminium/titanium rotary friction weld joints
Authors: Eddine Lakache Houssem , May Abdelghani , Badji Riad , Poirot Nathalie
Published: January 2024

The objective of this study is to employ the rotary friction welding (RFW) technique to join dissimilar materials AA2024/Ti6Al4V. The experimental design encompasses the manipulation of RFW process input parameters, using the Taguchi L9 array methodology. The collected data underwent thorough analysis, aimed at determining the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the resultant weld joint. The prime focus rested on ascertaining optimal RFW conditions that could effectively maximize the UTS. Through the use of statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA), the process parameter of utmost significance was identified. The outcomes of this investigation were harnessed to formulate regression model pertaining to the UTS of the RFW joint. Furthermore, fatigue tests were executed to exhibit the cyclic behavior of the dissimilar welds, yielding a comprehensive Wöhler curve that facilitated the estimation of specimen longevity under stress cycles. In addition, microscopic observations were carried out to discern the microstructural evolution and the quality of the weld joint. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was conducted to investigate damage micro-mechanisms specimens. The results show that using a rotational speed of 1290 rpm, friction pressure of 6 MPa for 6.3 s, and forging pressure of 6 MPa for 8 s leads to an improvement in the UTS value up to 424.31 MPa, corresponding to a joint efficiency of 90.46%.
Nucléaire français : mutation d’un écosystème
Authors: SfenGaïc Le Gros
Published: January 2024

La filière nucléaire change de visage. Il y a seulement quelques années, seuls quelques grands acteurs en dessinaient le contour. Mais avec l’arrivée des start-up, l’écosystème nucléaire est prêt à s’adapter pour en être les partenaires.
Second International Conference and Workshop on Interventional Radiology 2023, Dhaka, Bangladesh: Advancements, Achievements, and Challenges
Authors: Datta Anindita , Bhowmik Bishwajit , Alam Syed Zoherul , Islam Md Tariqul , Sultana Syeda Naheed
Published: January 2024

Interventional radiology, which combines diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to address and treat a variety of medical diseases, has emerged as an expeditiously developing area at the confluence of radiology and minimally invasive procedures. The authors provide a general overview of the Bangladesh Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (BSVIR), including its goals, contributions, and effect on the Bangladeshi healthcare sector. The second interventional radiology conference was held in Dhaka and was organized by the Bangladesh Society of Radiology and Imaging, and BSVIR, in alliance with the Indian Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. This allowed the exchange of ideas and innovations as well as a discussion of recent advances in this dynamic field. This manuscript also highlights the key points, emerging trends, and scientific sessions that were presented at the conference.
Reporting of Participants' Sex, Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status in Pituitary Surgery Literature
Authors: Nourmahnad Anahita , Purrinos Julian A. , Grozovsky Renata , Richardson Angela M. , Levine Corinna G.
Published: January 2024

Introduction Social determinants of health (SDOH) are associated with differential outcomes after pituitary tumor treatment. However, the specific impact of SDOH is not well characterized. One reason may be the lack of collection and reporting of sociodemographic variables in the literature. This study aims to evaluate the frequency of reporting and distribution of participants' sex, race, ethnicity, income, and education level within pituitary surgery literature. We will compare the reported clinical research population demographics to the 2020 U.S. census.

Methods A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases for pituitary surgery clinical research published between July 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022. We excluded studies that lacked a comparison group, were not original research (i.e., systematic reviews, meta-analysis), or included national databases and registry data.

Results The final analysis included 92 studies. A total of 99% of studies collected data on subject sex. On average 49% (range: 14–100%) of study populations were male. Only 4% (n = 4) studies included racial demographic data. Two studies included information on participants' ethnicity and two included education background. No studies included income or insurance data. Four U.S. studies included demographic distribution, and the reported race and ethnicity percentages are similar to the U.S. 2020 census distribution.

Conclusion Most clinical pituitary research collects and reports data on participant sex. However, very few studies collect and report data on other sociodemographic variables that can play a role in outcomes. The lack of sociodemographic information in clinical research literature makes it difficult to determine the role of SDOH on pituitary surgery outcomes.
A modified Halpin–Tsai model for predicting the elastic modulus of composite materials
Authors: Zhou Dong , Tong Xiaoyan , Liu Hongjun , Lv Shengli , Srivatsan T. S. , Gao Xiaosheng
Published: January 2024

Composite materials have been widely used in recent years due to an attractive combination of superior physical properties. Since the macroscopic properties of a composite material are determined by the microscopic structure of the bottom layers, it is critical to calculate the macroscopic elastic modulus of single-layer plates using the elastic modulus of the component material(s) in a scientific and effective manner. The traditional Halpin–Tsai model only considers two materials when calculating the macroscopic elastic modulus. This paper proposes an improved model considering three-phase components (fiber, matrix, and interface). A finite element representative volume element is created to determine the empirical parameter ξ, and its overall validity is established by comparing it with the experimental results. This improved model offers more convenience in predicting the macroscopic elastic modulus of a composite material and can even predict the overall mechanical properties based solely on the mechanical properties of the component material.
Brainwave implanted reservoir computing
Authors: Chen Li-Yu , Chen Yi-Chun , Huang Jason C. , Sok Sophie , Armbruster Vincent , Chen Chii-Chang
Published: January 2024

This work aims to build a reservoir computing system to recognize signals with the help of brainwaves as the input signals. The brainwave signals were acquired as the participants were listening to the signals. The human brain in this study can be regarded as the assistant neural networks or non-linear activation function to improve the signal recognition. We showed that within the brainwave frequency ranges from 14 to 16, 20, 30, and 32 Hz, the mean squared errors of the input signal recognition were lower than those without brainwaves. This result has demonstrated that the reservoir computing system with the help of human responses can obtain more precise results.
On silicon nanobubbles in space for scattering and interception of solar radiation to ease high-temperature induced climate change
Authors: Nayfeh Munir , Nayfeh Ammar , Rezk Ayman , Bahceci Ersin , Alnaser Waheeb
Published: January 2024

A thin film of silicon-based nanobubbles was recently suggested that could block a fraction of the sun’s radiation to alleviate the present climate crisis. But detailed information is limited to the composition, architecture, fabrication, and optical properties of the film. We examine here the optical response of Si nanobubbles in the range of 300–1000 nm to evaluate the feasibility using semi numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations, following the Mie and finite-difference time-domain procedures. We analyzed a variety of bubble sizes, thicknesses, and configurations. The calculations yield resonance scattering spectra, intensities, and field distributions. We also analyzed some many-body effects using doublets of bubbles. We show, due to high valence electron density, silicon exhibits strong polarization/plasmonic resonance scattering and absorption enhancements over the geometrical factor, which afford lighter but more efficient interception with a wide band neutral density filtering across the relevant solar light spectrum. We show that it is sufficient to use a sub monolayer raft with ∼0.75% coverage, consisting of thin (∼15 nm) but large silicon nanobubbles (∼550 nm diameter), to achieve 1.8% blockage of solar light with neutral density filtering, and ∼0.78 mg/m2 silicon, much less than the mass effective limit set earlier at 1.5 g/m2. We evaluated solid counterpart nanoparticles, which may be produced in blowing/inflation procedures of molten silicon, as well as aging by including silicon oxide capping. The studies confirm the feasibility of a space bubble filtering raft, with insignificant imbalance of the correlated color temperature (CCT) and color rendering index characteristics of sunlight.
Single-cell analysis of refractory anti-SRP necrotizing myopathy treated with anti-BCMA CAR-T cell therapy
Authors: Qin Chuan , Dong Ming-Hao , Zhou Luo-Qi , Wang Wen , Cai Song-Bai , You Yun-Fan , Shang Ke , Xiao Jun , Wang Di , Li Chun-Rui , Zhang Min , Bu Bi-Tao , Tian Dai-Shi , Wang Wei
Published: January 2024

Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is an autoimmune disorder associated with the presence of autoantibodies, characterized by severe clinical presentation with rapidly progressive muscular weakness and elevated levels of creatine kinase, while traditional pharmacological approaches possess varying and often limited effects. Considering the pathogenic role of autoantibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells targeting B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. We reported here a patient with anti-signal recognition particle IMNM refractory to multiple available therapies, who was treated with BCMA-targeting CAR-T cells, exhibited favorable safety profiles, sustained reduction in pathogenic autoantibodies, and persistent clinical improvements over 18 mo. Longitudinal single-cell RNA, B cell receptor, T cell receptor sequencing analysis presented the normalization of immune microenvironment after CAR-T cell infusion, including reconstitution of B cell lineages, replacement of T cell subclusters, and suppression of overactivated immune cells. Analysis on characteristics of CAR-T cells in IMNM demonstrated a more active expansion of CD8
+
CAR-T cells, with a dynamic phenotype shifting pattern similar in CD4
+
and CD8
+
CAR-T cells. A comparison of CD8
+
CAR-T cells in patients with IMNM and those with malignancies collected at different timepoints revealed a more NK-like phenotype with enhanced tendency of cell death and neuroinflammation and inhibited proliferating ability of CD8
+
CAR-T cells in IMNM while neuroinflammation might be the distinct characteristics. Further studies are warranted to define the molecular features of CAR-T cells in autoimmunity and to seek higher efficiency and longer persistence of CAR-T cells in treating autoimmune disorders.
Interface-confined intermediate phase in TiO
2
enables efficient photocatalysis
Authors: Huang Qiu-Shi , Zhang Yang , Liu Peng Fei , Yang Hua Gui , Zhang Xie , Wei Su-Huai
Published: January 2024

As a prototypical photocatalyst, TiO

2

has been extensively studied. An interesting yet puzzling experimental fact was that P25—a mixture of anatase and rutile TiO

2

—outperforms the individual phases; the origin of this mysterious fact, however, remains elusive. Employing rigorous first-principles calculations, here we uncover a metastable intermediate structure (MIS), which is formed due to confinement at the anatase/rutile interface. The MIS has a high conduction-band minimum level and thus substantially enhances the overpotential of the hydrogen evolution reaction. Also, the corresponding band alignment at the interface leads to efficient separation of electrons and holes. The interfacial confinement additionally creates a wide distribution of the band gap in the vicinity of the interface, which in turn improves optical absorption. These factors all contribute to the enhanced photocatalytic efficiency in P25. Our insights provide a rationale to the puzzling superior photocatalytic performance of P25 and enable a strategy to achieve highly efficient photocatalysis via interface engineering.
A mouse model to distinguish NLRP6-mediated inflammasome-dependent and -independent functions
Authors: Li Runzhi , Zan Yang , Wang Decai , Chen Xuequn , Wang Anmin , Tan Haoyuan , Zhang Guorong , Ding Siyuan , Shen Chen , Wu Hao , Zhu Shu
Published: January 2024

The NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP6) serves as a sensor for microbial dsRNA or lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), and initiating multiple pathways including inflammasome pathway and type I interferon (IFN) pathway, or regulating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. NLRP6 can exert its function in both inflammasome-dependent and inflammasome-independent manners. However, there is no tool to distinguish the contribution of individual NLRP6-mediated pathway to the physiology and pathology in vivo. Here, we validated that Arg39 and Trp50 residues in the pyrin domain (PYD) of murine NLRP6 are required for ASC recruitment and inflammasome activation, but are not important for the RNA binding and PYD-independent NLRP6 oligomerization. We further generated the

Nlrp6
R39E&W50E

mutant mice, which showed reduced inflammasome activation in either steady state intestine or during viral infection. However, the type I IFN production in cells or intestine tissue from

Nlrp6
R39E&W50E

mutant mice remain normal. Interestingly, NLRP6-mediated inflammasome activation or the IFN-I production seems to play distinct roles in the defense responses against different types of RNA viruses. Our work generated a useful tool to study the inflammasome-dependent role of NLRP6 in vivo, which might help to understand the complexity of multiple pathways mediated by NLRP6 in response to the complicated and dynamic environmental cues in the intestine.
Understanding carbon storage dynamics in Ayeyarwady delta's mangrove ecosystem in Myanmar: insights for restoration efforts
Authors: Pandey Bikram , Koirala Saroj , Aung Htay , Li Rong , Timilsina Arbindra , Htun Soe Thaw Thaw , Kontny Joacim , Naing Htun Thiri
Published: January 2024

Mangroves are highly valued for their ecosystem services, providing a wide range of ecological, social, and economic benefits, including their role as carbon-rich ecosystems. Recent research suggests that preserving mangrove forests can offer a cost-effective strategy for mitigating CO2 emissions. However, extensive deforestation has placed mangrove ecosystems under severe global threats. Currently, the assessment of mangrove restoration outcomes, particularly regarding soil carbon stocks, is inadequate. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of restoration on soil organic carbon (SOC) in Shwe Thaung Yan, Ayeyarwady coastal region of Myanmar. The study aimed to quantify and compare carbon stocks in different soil layers, examine the carbon sequestration potential of various mangrove species, and evaluate the effectiveness of mangrove restoration efforts. Soil samples were collected in 2015 (pre-restoration) and 2021 (post-restoration) at various soil depths and analyzed for SOC concentration, organic matter content, and bulk density using the Loss on Ignition (LOI) procedure. Significant changes in soil properties were observed between 2015 and 2021, with higher SOC and carbon concentrations observed in 2021. The average soil carbon stocks in 2021 (1954.43 ± 33.24 Mg C ha−1) were approximately 2.7 times higher than the estimated carbon stocks in 2015 (732.26 ± 6.99 Mg C ha−1). Furthermore, the study revealed variations in SOC accumulation among different soil depths, with higher carbon stocks found in the upper soil layers. This study highlights the positive impact of mangrove restoration on SOC accumulation and emphasizes the significance of considering soil carbon dynamics in restoration initiatives. The findings offer valuable insights for the conservation and management of mangrove ecosystems, especially concerning their potential for carbon sequestration and their contribution to mitigating climate change.
Urban anthropization: community vulnerability and resilience to flood hazards in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Mugisho Gilbert Mubalama , Swedi Davier Pierre , Enock Pamphile Matabaro , Kalembu Marc Irenge , Lukeba Fabrice Nfuamba , Ngezirabona Stany Vwima
Published: January 2024

The effects of the 2020 floods in Uvira were exacerbated by urban anthropization and climate change. Floods are causing severe human, material, economic, and environmental losses as well as affecting socioeconomic and ecological systems beyond the affected community’s ability. The purpose of this study was to analyze land use changes in Uvira from 1995 to 2021 and to assess the vulnerability and effectiveness of the community’s resilience strategies in response to both the impact of flooding and the risk of future flooding. Data were collected from victims in the municipalities of Kanvinvira and Mulongwe in the city of Uvira, which were severely impacted by the 2020 floods. This study used a mixed approach that combined the spatial analysis of land use and land change with the anthropization of community perceptions of vulnerability and flood mitigation measures. Spatial analysis revealed that anthropogenic land use increased by 4.73% per year between 1995 and 2021. In comparison to the initial surface covered in 1995, this has increased the surface occupied by human activities by 127.7%. Gender, education, and pre-flood professional activity of the household head, combined with pre-flood house construction quality, property ownership, degree of house damage, and family member death, explained households’ resettlement capacity. The Mann–Whitney U test results revealed that households’ vulnerability and resilience to 2020 floods were influenced by their residence municipality (Kanvinvira and Mulongwe) and lifestyle (living at the host site or reintegrating into the community). During and after floods, disaster victims received assistance from the government and stakeholders (churches, civil society, and non-governmental organizations) to mitigate flood effects, but they were unable to restore the lives of hundreds of flood victims. The study’s findings suggest that provincial and local disaster management authorities, as well as stakeholders, should invest in preventive and sustainable flood risk management. Public awareness of flood prevention and mitigation should be increased through capacity-building training, preparedness, and sensitization. Finally, effective adaptation practices are required to reduce future potential damage.
Speciesism and the Non-human
Authors: Sollund Ragnhild
Published: January 2024

Speciesism is a concept that encompasses the ideology and practice humans perform in their discrimination against animals, based on the sole fact that they are not part of the human species. Speciesism legitimates animal abuse, animal exploitation, and theriocides (animal murder), as human practices with such consequences are justified and become part of daily routine. Speciesism is contingent on humans’ reliance on anthropocentric philosophy, language, culture more generally, and religion. The ideological and sociopsychological foundations for speciesism are located in discourse, difference, distance, and denial, which cause humans to create a moral circle, in which they are in the center while other animal species are situated in concentric circles around them. The animals’ position in relation to the human determines their treatment, rather than their interests, abilities, and cognitive skills, which call for stronger protection.