bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness and acceptability of evidence synthesis summary formats for clinical guideline development groups: A mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Sharp Melissa Kathleen , Baki Dayang Anis Binti Awang , Quigley Joan , Tyner Barrie , Devane Declan , Mahtani Kamal R. , Smith Susan M. , O'Neill Michelle , Ryan Mairin , Clyne Barbara
Published: May 2022

Introduction
: Clinical guideline development often involves a rigorous synthesis of evidence involving multidisciplinary stakeholders with different priorities and knowledge of evidence synthesis; this makes communicating findings complex. Summary formats are typically used to communicate the results of evidence syntheses, however, there is little consensus on which formats are most effective and acceptable for different stakeholders.
Methods
This mixed-methods systematic review (MMSR) aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability (e.g., usability preferences, and attitudes and preferences towards) of evidence synthesis summary formats for GDG members. We followed the PRISMA 2020 guideline and Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis for MMSRs. We searched six databases (inception to April 20, 2021) for randomised controlled trials (RCTs), RCTs with a qualitative component, and qualitative studies. Screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal was performed in duplicate. Qualitative findings were synthesised using meta-aggregation and quantitative findings are described narratively.
Results
We identified 17,240 citations and screened 54 full-text articles, resulting in 22 eligible articles (20 unique studies): 4 articles reported the results of 5 RCTs, one of which also had a qualitative component. The other 18 articles discussed the results of 16 qualitative studies. Therefore we had 5 trials and 17 qualitative studies to extract data from. Studies were geographically heterogeneous and included a variety of stakeholders and summary formats. All 5 RCTs assessed knowledge or understanding with 3 reporting improvement with newer formats. The qualitative analysis identified 6 themes: ‘presenting information’, ‘tailoring content for end users’, ‘trust in synthesis producers’, ‘knowledge requirements’, ‘quality of included studies’, and ‘properly contextualising findings’. Across these themes, the synthesis resulted in 130 recommendations for practice. Nine recommendations were supported by both quantitative and qualitative evidence and 121 by only qualitative. A majority focused on how to present information (n = 68) and tailor content for different end users (n = 24).
Conclusions
This MMSR provides guidance on how to improve evidence summary structure and layout. This can be used by synthesis producers to better communicate to GDGs. Study findings will inform the co-creation of evidence summary format prototypes based on GDG member’s needs.
Word Count:
345
Registration:
The protocol for this project was previously published and the project was pre-registered on Open Science Framework. [1, 2]
Mechanism of autophagy induced by activation of the AMPK/ERK/mTOR signaling pathway after TRIM22-mediated DENV-2 infection of HUVECs
Authors: Wu Ning , Gou Xiaoqin , Hu Pan , Chen Yao , Ji Jinzhong , Wang Yuanying , Zuo Li
Published: May 2022

Background: Dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) was used to infect primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to examine autophagy induced by activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway following tripartite motif-containing 22 (TRIM22)-mediated DENV-2 infection to further reveal the underlying pathogenic mechanism of DENV-2 infection.Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to screen putative interference targets of TRIM22 and determine the knockdown efficiency. The effect of TRIM22 knockdown on HUVEC proliferation was determined using the CCK8 assay. Following TRIM22 knockdown, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to determine the ultrastructure of HUVEC autophagosomes and expression of HUVEC autophagy and AMPK pathway-related genes were measured by qRT-PCR. Moreover, HUVEC autophagy and AMPK pathway-related protein expression levels were determined by western blot analysis. Cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry (FCM) and the autophagosome structure of the HUVECs was observed by TEM. Results: Western blot results indicated that TRIM22 protein expression levels increased significantly 36 h after DENV-2 infection, which was consistent with the proteomics prediction. The CCK8 assay revealed that HUVEC proliferation was reduced following TRIM22 knockdown (P < 0.001). The TEM results indicated that HUVEC autolysosomes increased and autophagy was inhibited after TRIM22 knockdown. The qRT-PCR results revealed that after TRIM22 knockdown, the expression levels of antithymocyte globulin 7 (ATG7), antithymocyte globulin 5 (ATG5), Beclin1, ERK, and mTOR genes decreased (P < 0.01); however, the expression of AMPK genes (P < 0.05) and P62 genes (P < 0.001) increased. FCM revealed that following TRIM22 knockdown, the percentage of HUVECs in the G2 phase increased (P < 0.001) along with cell apoptosis. The effect of TRIM22 overexpression on HUVEC autophagy induced by DENV-2 infection and AMPK pathways decreased after adding an autophagy inhibitor. Conclusions: In HUVECs, TRIM22 protein positively regulates autophagy and may affect autophagy through the AMPK/ERK/mTOR signaling pathway. Autophagy is induced by activation of the AMPK/ERK/mTOR signaling pathway following TRIM22-mediated DENV-2 infection of HUVECs.
Reporting and interpretation of effects in nutritional and environmental epidemiology: a methods study
Authors: Pitre Tyler , Jassal Tanvir , Park Louis , Coello Pablo Alonso , de Souza Russel , Zeraatkar Dena
Published: May 2022

Background
The presentation of absolute effects, in addition to relative effects, is critical to the optimal interpretation of effect estimates. Failure to present and interpret absolute effects may obscure the magnitude of the effect of an intervention or exposure and mislead evidence users.
Objective
In this study, we estimate the proportion of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMAs) addressing the health effects of nutritional and environmental exposures that report absolute effects.
Methods
We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from 2019 through 2021 for SRMAs addressing the health effects of nutritional and environmental exposures and patient-important health outcomes. We included a sample of 200 SRMAs. Pairs of reviewers, working independently and in duplicate, reviewed search records for eligibility and collected data from SRMAs.
Results
More than two-thirds (153/200; 76.5%) of eligible systematic reviews reported on one or more dichotomous outcomes that could be translated to absolute effects. Only a handful of these reviews (8/153; 5.2%), however, reported absolute effects. A similar proportion of reviews published in high-impact journals and in other journals reported absolute effects (4/131; 3.1% vs. 4/69; 5.9%). Among reviews that reported absolute effects, six reviews (6/8; 75%) reported absolute risk differences as fractions (e.g., 2 fewer cases per 1,000 people) and two reviews (2/8; 25%) presented the number of cases prevented by modifying the exposure (e.g., 2,000 cases prevented in United States annually).
Conclusion
Reviews addressing the effects of nutritional and environmental exposures on health outcomes rarely report absolute effects, which precludes effective interpretation of magnitudes of effects and their importance. We present guidance for review authors, editors, peer reviewers, and evidence users to calculate and interpret absolute effects.
Analysis of active earth pressure behind rigid retaining walls considering curved slip surface
Authors: Yu Pengqiang , Liu Yang
Published: May 2022

The active earth pressure acting on the rigid vertical retaining walls under translation mode has been investigated in this paper with a two-dimensional analytical method without prior hypotheses of the shape of soil arch, i.e. the trajectory of minor principle stress, which is totally different from with the existing method of combination of soil arch shape and horizontal flat-element analysis. Different emerging failure surface was compared and a parabolic surface was especially discussed in details. The proposed formula can be employed to predict the distribution of earth pressure and stresses in the failure zone. Furthermore, the analytical expression of the minor principle stress trajectory in the failure zone was derived from the stress equations. The results of the proposed analysis were compared with test data as well as the results of existing theories to validate its accuracy and applicability. The proposed distribution of earth pressure is in good agreement with the test data. Finally, a simple yet practical formulation was established to conveniently estimate active earth pressure in field.
Histones of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Activate Brain Pericyte via Dectin-1 in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Liu Yang-Wuyue , Zhang Jingyu , Bi Wanda , Zhou Mi , Li Jiabo , Xiong Tiantian , Yang Nan , Zhao Li , Chen Xing , Zhou Yuanguo , He Wenhui , Yang Teng , Wang Hao , Xu Lunshan , Dai Shuang-Shuang
Published: May 2022

Brain pericyte is unique and indispensable part of blood-brain barrier (BBB), and contributes to several pathological processes in traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms about how pericyte is regulated in damaged brain are largely unknown. Here, we show that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation induces the appearance of CD11b+ pericytes post TBI. These CD11b+ pericytes subsets are characterized with increased permeability and pro-inflammatory profiles compared to CD11b- pericytes. Moreover, histones from NETs by Dectin-1 facilitate CD11b induction on brain pericytes in PKC-c-Jun dependent manner, conferring neuroinflammation and BBB dysfunction post TBI. These data indicate that "neutrophil-NETs-pericyte" and "histones-Dectin-1-CD11b" are possible mechanisms for pericyte’s activation and dysfunction. Targeting at NETs formation and Dectin-1 are promising ways for TBI treatments.
Empirical evidence on the efficiency of backward contact tracing in COVID-19
Authors: Raymenants Joren , Geenen Caspar , Thibaut Jonathan , Nelissen  , Gorissen Sarah , André Emmanuel
Published: May 2022

Standard contact tracing practice for COVID-19 is to identify persons exposed to an infected person during the contagious period, assumed to start two days before symptom onset or diagnosis. In the first large cohort study on backward contact tracing for COVID-19, we extended the contact tracing window by 5 days, aiming to identify the source of the infection and persons infected by the same source. The risk of infection amongst these additional contacts was similar to contacts exposed during the standard tracing window and significantly higher than symptomatic individuals in a control group, leading to 42% more cases identified through contact tracing. Compared to standard practice, backward traced contacts required fewer tests and shorter quarantine, but if infected they were identified later in their infectious cycle. Our results support implementing backward contact tracing when rigorous suppression of viral transmission is warranted.
REA: resource exergy analysis - Guidelines for evaluating and comparing energy systems
Authors: Jentsch Andrej
Published: May 2022

Evaluating energy systems using resource exergy analysis (REA) is key to ensure that climate targets are reached in time.The reason for this effect is wastefulness. Wastefulness in otherwise GHG-free energy systems increases the amount of GHG-free energy supply required to cover a considered demand. That means that wastefullness leads to reduced availability of GHG-free energy converters for the rest of the energy system and overall fossil fuel use is increased.REA allows to assess wastefulness comprehensively and thus obtain a key indicator in addition to GHG emissions, that is grounded in science, namely resource exergy consumption.This publication provides guidelines to the application of resource exergy analysis (REA) with a focus on energy systems evaluation.REA is a well-tested application of exergy analysis to the field of technology comparison that can replace the less comprehensive primary energy analysis and reduce the risk of suboptimal decisions.
SEMIOTICS OF UKRAINIAN AND ENGLISH INTELLECTUAL NOVELS IN “MAN IS A COMMODITY” CONTEXT
Authors: Khairulina Nailia , Dmytrenko Victoriia
Published: May 2022

The article under consideration is devoted to the actual topic in modern society, which is investigated through the scope of Ukrainian and English intellectual novels “Misto” by V.Pidmohylnyi and “The Picture of Dorian Gray” by O.Wilde. This topic reveals the principle that life is a fair”, i.e. everything could be bought and sold, and a man is a commodity in this cruel world.The novelty of the research is that it is the first time an attempt to identify and explore the artistic-semiotic model of “life is a fair” in the works by O.Wilde and V.Pidmohylnyi in the perspective of modern comparative literature; the artistic-semiotic model of "life-fair" in a number of works of Ukrainian and English literature is systematically considered; the functioning of the model at the poetic and semiotic levels is comprehensively analyzed; the main structural elements of the literary model (constant and transient) are highlighted; a comparative-typological comparison of the creative work of writers was made, as well as the role and significance of a complex artistic-semiotic analysis of a literary work were specified.Further development of certain provisions of the research in future literary studies is likely on the basis of not only comparative but also theoretical vectors, which will be based on a more detailed study of the artistic and semiotic space of each of the studied artists. This will create an opportunity to identify complex artistic and semiotic paradigms of modeling the brightest representatives of domestic and world literature.
Antioxidant Activity in the Leaves and Petals of Calendula Officinalis Linn
Authors: Pandey Priyanka , Despande Bhagyashree
Published: May 2022

Aqueous extract of Calendula officinalis Linn. leaves and flowers has antioxidant action. The antioxidant activity was determined using the ferric thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid techniques. The antioxidant activity of the aqueous extracts of petals was greater than that of leaves. According to the findings of this study, C. officinalis leaves and petals are a possible source of natural antioxidants.
Vein formation of the Monchepluton and the Monchetundra intrusion contact zone
Authors: Miroshnikova Ya. A.
Published: May 2022

The Monchegorsk region (Kola Peninsula) is distinguished by its platinum metal specialization and is a promising target for prospecting and exploration of valuable, strategically important platinum group metals. In the course of the study, the petrographic, petrochemical, and geochemical features of the vein bodies in the junction zone of large Early Proterozoic layered intrusions (the Monchegorsk pluton and the Monchetundra intrusion) have been characterized. Vein bodies are observed within the South Sopchinsky massif and the Moroshkovoe Lake massif. The veins are located near the contact of fine-medium-grained metapyroxenites (metanorites) and coarse-grained gabbronorites. Two main types of veins are identified: 1) veins of plagioclase-pyroxene and plagioclase-amphibole composition and 2) veins of quartz-feldspar and amphibole-plagioclase composition. Analysis of the content of chalcophilic elements in this area rocks has shown that the increased content of platinum group elements is associated with the first type of vein formations. Vein rocks of plagioclase-pyroxene and plagioclase-amphibole composition (type 1) contain on average Cu - 0.22 %, Ni - 0.11 %, ΣPGE - 1 g/t, Au - 0.042 ppm. Vein rocks of quartz-feldspar and amphibole-plagioclase composition (type 2) contain on average Cu - 0.04 %, Ni - 0.01 %, ΣPGE - 0.05 ppm, Au - 0.012 ppm. The distribution spectra of rare-earth and rare elements in the vein rocks of the South Sopchinsky massif and the Moroshkovoe Lake massif show both the commonality of all types of veins and the regular nature of differences in the composition of the veins.
Quantum minimal surfaces from quantum error correction
Authors: Akers Christopher , Penington Geoff
Published: May 2022

We show that complementary state-specific reconstruction of logical (bulk) operators is equivalent to the existence of a quantum minimal surface prescription for physical (boundary) entropies. This significantly generalizes both sides of an equivalence previously shown by Harlow[1]; in particular, we do not require the entanglement wedge to be the same for all states in the code space. In developing this theorem, we construct an emergent bulk geometry for general quantum codes, defining ``areas'' associated to arbitrary logical subsystems, and argue that this definition is ``functionally unique.'' We also formalize a definition of bulk reconstruction that we call ``state-specific product unitary’’ reconstruction. This definition captures the quantum error correction (QEC) properties present in holographic codes and has potential independent interest as a very broad generalization of QEC; it includes most traditional versions of QEC as special cases.
Our results extend to approximate codes, and even to the ``non-isometric codes'' that seem to describe the interior of a black hole at late times.
Analysis of Indonesia Bond’s Duration: Corporate Versus Government Bond
Authors: Adhitia Rezki , Manurung Adler Haymans
Published: May 2022

The duration of a bond is a measure of its interest rate risk. The objective of this research is to test whether corporate bond duration is higher compare to government bonds. The higher duration mean that bond’s price is more affected to the change in its yield. Effective Duration and Modified Duration Approaches are used to calculate the duration. The sample used is bonds that traded in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The result shows that there is no enough evidence that Indonesia corporate bonds duration is higher compare to government bonds. The implication for this is that there is no difference in interest rate risk between corporate bonds and government bonds.
Debt to Equity Ratio, Degree of Operating Leverage Stock Beta and Stock Returns of Food and Beverages Companies on the Indonesian Stock Exchange
Authors: Sari Lusia Astra , Hutagaol Yanthi R.I.
Published: May 2022

This research examines three factors that may have relationships with returns on stock investment. The factors tested under this research are three types of risk associated with a company’s capital structure, company’s business risk, and market risk of the company’s stock. A company’s capital structure is measured by debt to equity ratio, a company’s business risk is measured by degree of operating leverage, while the market risk of the company’s stock is measured by stock beta. This research focuses on the food and beverages (F&B) industry. The sample firms are F&B firms that are listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in the period of 2003-2008. The results show that there is a positive relationship between debt to equity ratio and stock return; however this result is insignificant statistically. A similar result is found between the degree of operating leverage and stock return. There is a positive significant relationship between the stock beta and stock return. The result also shows that debt to equity ratio, degree of operating leverage, and stock beta all together do not have a significant influence on the stock returns of food and beverage companies on the Indonesian Stock Exchange during 2003-2008.
ANALYSIS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS SALES AND CASH RECEIPTS TO IMPROVE INTERNAL CONTROL
Authors: Meiryani Meiryani , Reyhan Reyhan
Published: May 2022

Sales accounting information system and cash receipts is one of the sub-systems in accounting information that describes the correct procedures for sales and cash receipts activities. The problem in this study is how to implement a sales information system and cash receipts at PT Sumber Alfaria Trijaya. The type of research used by researchers in the preparation of this study is a qualitative method. The data used in this study is primary data. Data collection procedures are observation, documentation and direct interviews to the object of research. The conclusion of this study is the application of accounting information systems in cash sales and cash receipts at PT Sumber Alfaria Trijaya is still not good, seen from the dual function, namely the delivery function which doubles as a warehouse function and the lack of data and completeness. The analysis of the accounting information system for cash sales and cash receipts on internal control at PT Sumber Alfaria Trijaya is still not good and weak because there are several problems including the existence of multiple functions by the Assistant Head of the store, cash is not directly deposited to the Bank. In the cash function bill, and the amount of cash receipts from cash sales deposited in the bank on the third day not on the day of the transaction. Then there is also no periodic or sudden checking of cash balances by internal control.
A Design of Similar High-gain and Dual-band Frequency/Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna for ISM Band Applications
Authors: Bui Cong Danh , Doan Minh Thuan , Nguyen Thi Thanh Kieu , Nguyen Truong Khang
Published: May 2022

This paper proposes a frequency/polarization reconfigurable antenna (RA) incorporating Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) to achieve dual-band and similar high-gain characteristics. The proposed RA-FSS design using 4 PIN Diodes can produce reconfigurability between circular polarization (CP) at 1.8 GHz and linear polarization (LP) at 2.45 GHz. The fabricated prototype shows good CP performance at 1.8 GHz while the measured peak broadside gains are about 7.2 dBi at 1.8 GHz and 8.5 dBi at 2.45 GHz when PIN diode ON and OFF, respectively.
“HIDDEN” VARIANTS OF THE RUSSIAN STANDARD PRONUNCIATION
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Skrelin Pavel A. , Evdokimova Vera V. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Kocharov Daniil A. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the works of L. A. Verbitskaya in the field of the Russian standard pronunciation, manifestations of the orthoepic norm in different conditions of the speaker’s speech activity. Research carried out at the Department of Phonetics of St Petersburg State University in recent years and continuing at the present time shows which phonemic sequences, differing from those prescribed by orthoepic dictionaries, are observed in the speech of both professional speakers of the pronunciation norm, and in the speech of young people in careful and reduced speech. The analysis of the obtained results leads to possible interpretations of the terms “careful and reduced pronunciation types”, “careful and reduced (colloquial) styles” of pronunciation. The article also provides new data on the tendencies of change in the phonological system of the Russian language, formulated by L. A. Verbitskaya, which can lead to a change in the pronunciation norm. A previously developed automatic transcriber is described. It converts the text into a sequence of phonetic symbols that meet the requirements of the orthoepic norm, and also offers variants of deviations from the norm observed in a large corpus of prepared professional speech, as well as the statistical probabilities of these deviations. The issues of both the loss of labialization, repeatedly described by L. A. Verbitskaya, and abnormal labialization, are also considered, to be taken into account in the new version of the automatic transcriber. Refs 35.
CODIFICATION OF THE ORTHOEPIC NORMS OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE: HISTORY AND CURRENT SITUATION
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Edlichko Anzhela I.
Published: May 2022

The article discusses the development of the lexicographic codification of pronunciation norms of German. It gives an overview of the orthoepic norm, its varieties and inherent features, relations between the norm and standard of pronunciation. Pronouncing dictionaries since the end of the 19th century have been studied as primary sources, some phonetic phenomena are also illustrated with the explanatory dictionaries of earlier periods. The lexicographic codification of the pronunciation norms in historical retrospect is briefly analyzed: from exaggerated articulation of actors in Germany to actual sound phenomena using in the pronunciation of professional radio and television announcers, which includes the pronouncing features of authentic oral media communication. Special attention is paid to the problem of codification of the orthoepic standard in different types of dictionaries in light of the pluricentricity of German, due to lack of empirical analyses. The article also represents the current orthoepic dictionaries, which include information about the sounds of three standards of German in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Study of their structure and content features made it possible to identify some advantages and disadvantages. As a result of the study, the author concludes with changing approaches to the codification of pronunciation norms, such as transformation of the metalanguage, expansion of the empirical base, use of contemporary sociophonetic methods in its analysis, some structural and content changes in the dictionaries. These modifications are shown to be connected with the change of the lexicographic paradigm and the turn from monocentricity to pluricentricity due to sociocultural and sociolinguistic factors. Refs 24.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE IN A LITERARY TEXT (ON THE LAST FIVE YEARS STORIES MATERIAL)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Vyatkina Svetlana V.
Published: May 2022

The article presents the results of the analysis of the functions of interrogative sentences in modern experimental (fragmented) fiction, that reflects the processes of disintegration, based on the works of small prose (about 5 % of all short story texts) published in the magazines “Znamya”, “Octyabr’” and “Novyj mir” in the last 5 years. The selection of the material is based on the author’s definition of the narrative genre (short story, small prose, other prose, prose), on the formed discreteness of the text (various types of rubrication at the level of macro-syntax, at the level of microsyntax — the dismemberment of the syntagmatic chain of the sentence, the elimination of connectivity indicators, the use of alternative punctuation), on the identification of non-standard metagraphemics as the design piece of art’s means. A comprehensive analysis of the disintegration degree of small volume texts with interrogative sentences (question marks), pragmatics (types of questions), structural features (single questions, chains of interrogative sentences, combination with parcellation), the context of the introduction (position in the structure of the text and the presence/absence of a direct answer in a question-and-answer situation) allows you to determine the following functions of interrogative sentences in the text of experimental prose of small form 1) complication of the subject perspective of the text by removing the traditional punctuation of the parties of speakers in dialogues and including private questions in them; 2) metalanguage narrator’s reflection performing in the text with the help of existential rhetorical questions and unanswered questions; 3) the performance of the text-forming function of interrogative sentences in lyric monologues reflecting auto-communication. The revealed features of questions in modern prose reflect the author’s search for a means of compensation for disintegration, the increasing colloquialism of a literary text and the change in the recipient’s perception of his narrative (the desire to remove distance, modeling online communication), which is predetermined by the orientation to the modern reader, the search for new forms of artistic communication. Refs 18.
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS CHTO ‘WHAT’, KTO ‘WHO’, KAKOI ‘WHICH’ AND LINES OF THEIR DERIVATIVES IN THE L1 ACQUISITION
Authors:   Institute for Linguistic Studies of the RAS, Krasnoshchekova Sofia V. ,   Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: May 2022

The article examines the acquisition of pronouns of the lines kto ‘who’, chto ‘what’ and kakoi ‘which’, belonging to the interrogative, indefinite and negative groups, by Russian- speaking children. We have used longitudinal data, those being recordings of the speech of 5 children aged from 2 to 4 years. Analysis of the functional-semantic and morphological-syntactic features of pronouns in the speech of children allowed us to draw the following conclusions: children’s speed and ease of mastering the pronouns depends not only on their frequency in the input, but also on the internal linguistic features of each lexeme. The role is played by the combination of the function of a pronoun in a specific utterance, and the basic meaning of the series: for example, in the chto ‘what’ line such cognitively successful combination is “concreteness + objectivity”, and in the kto ‘who’ line “animacy” refers to the lesser level of “concreteness” (this may be explained by the later appearance of lexemes of this line in children’s speech). The line of kakoi ‘which’ demonstrates association between the attributive meaning and a) pure indefiniteness (including non-concreteness in irrealis) and b) deicticity, when primarily non-deictic interrogative kakoi ‘which’ and indefinite kakoi-to ‘some’ in the speech of children in relative-demonstrative, emphatic, and actualizing contexts approach the demonstrative takoi ‘such’. The development of the morphological and syntactic side of pronouns occurs in children without significant difficulties: there are almost no mistakes in the word formation, although children often follow a strategy close to the strategy of avoidance: children prefer to use only the initial forms of pronouns (including the Gen. forms of negative pronouns), so these pronouns adopt certain adverbial traits in the speech of young children and can be seen as unchangeable. The main syntactic features are the use of pronouns within typical constructions, acquired on the whole, and a large number of interrogative sentences in which the pronoun is not transferred to the beginning. Refs 26.
Risk studies at St. Petersburg State University: From tradition to new challenges
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Aleinikov Andrei V. , Sunami Artem N. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Shiraev Eric ,   George Mason University
Published: May 2022

The article examines the thirty-years’ experience in risk studies that has been acquired by scholars at St. Petersburg State University. The authors analyze the distance travelled from the first attempts to integrate risk approach into Soviet sociology to current research carried out at the intersection of conflict studies and risk studies approaches. Using classic research interpretations of risk and risk perception, such as “risk society” (U.Beck), “cultural theory” (M.Douglas, A.Wildavsky), “system theory” (N.Luhmann), the authors identify several features that distinguish the St. Petersburg University approach in risk studies, such as applying risk theory to the whole social system rather than isolated business or political cases. As an example of this approach to examining risk, the article presents the results of an all-Russian survey carried out by project group of St. Petersburg University in order to identify risk-reflections as a factor in conflict strategy choice. The collected data demonstrates that the integration of risk and conflict studies offers significant opportunities for highlighting the divergence of interests between producers and consumers of risks. At the same time, the original research strategy should facilitate the creation of a realistic model for the evaluation of effective political risk management. The authors conclude that the present phase of risk research by scholars at St. Petersburg University is characterized by the consolidation of conflict and risk studies that makes it possible, on the one hand, to investigate any risk as a conflicting phenomenon and, on the other hand, to examine risk perception as a special discursive practice which has a high manipulative potential.
Presentation of the cult of Christian saints in anti-religious museum exhibitions during the era of the “Great Turn”
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Shakhnovich Marianna M.
Published: May 2022

The article describes the goals, principles and different forms of the presentation of the cult of saints in the exhibitions of anti-religious and local history museums in the context of the ideological and cultural tasks of museum construction in the early 1930s. The issue of the presentation of icons and objects of church worship for anti-religious purposes was extremely acute: on the one hand, it was impossible to create an exposition about religion without exhibiting artifacts related to it, on the other, these artifacts were supposed to expose religion. After the campaign to uncover the “relics”, they were often exhibited in museums for anti-religious purposes, but this demonstration most often had the opposite effect. The article analyzes the materials of the discussion on the possibility of using icons and religious objects in anti-religious exhibitions. The author shows that during the period under study, the contradictions between the “anti-religious”, who considered interest in religious art as “grave aestheticism” that strengthened religion, and representatives of the so-called “culturalism” who tried to preserve and exhibit items of religious culture in museums. Particular attention is paid to studying the search for a “third way” in resolving the existing conflict between the classical principles of exhibiting religious art and the new so-called an “anti-religious” approach, which was based on the comparative study of religions and field anthropological research on popular religiosity. The main principles of this “third way”, focused on the preservation and display of items of religious culture, were the rejection of their pietistic interpretation, attention to formal art analysis, as well as Marxist historical, cultural and sociological analysis.
Pensamiento complejo, simulación social y problemas complejos
Authors: Rodriguez Zoya Leonardo Gabriel
Published: May 2022

En este artículo se analiza la relevancia teórica y práctica del pensamiento complejo para guiar el proceso de modelado y simulación computacional de un problema complejo con el fin de ayudar a la reflexividad y la toma de decisiones. La argumentación se despliega en cuatro momentos. Primero, se problematiza la relación entre pensamiento complejo y simulación de sistemas complejos y su relevancia en el análisis organizacional. Segundo, se analizan algunas estrategias teóricas y prácticas para operacionalizar el pensamiento complejo en la investigación organizacional. Se presenta la plataforma de modelado y simulación de organizaciones sociales SocLab. Tercero, se muestra el uso de SocLab para modelar y simular el proceso de formación de un clúster de productores de frutas finas en la Patagonia argentina, y se sistematizan e integran teóricamente los aprendizajes del análisis desarrollado. Cuarto, se concluye que el pensamiento complejo permite utilizar el modelo de simulación como un metapunto de vista que conduce a los actores sociales a reflexionar sobre los aspectos epistémicos, éticos y prácticos de sus estrategias.
costo de la representatividad de los partidos políticos en México
Authors: Quinto Lorenzo Erika Lorena , Morales Tostado María del Carmen , Abundes Ochoa Andrés Emilio
Published: May 2022

El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar el excesivo financiamiento público otorgado a los partidos políticos en México y la representatividad ciudadana en los ejercicios electorales. Para alcanzar el objetivo, se utilizó el análisis documental y cuantitativo en torno al presupuesto público de los partidos políticos mexicanos, así como un ejercicio comparativo entre México, Argentina y Brasil sobre la temática señalada. Como resultado, se establece que el alto costo público de los partidos políticos mexicanos es desproporcional a la representación ciudadana, además de ser México el país de América Latina que más dinero destina a estas instituciones. Sin embargo, respecto a este desequilibrio entre representación y gasto en partidos, se requiere implementar mecanismos que armonicen esta relación. La comparación con otros países de Latinoamérica permite vislumbrar el carácter problemático en México relativo al excesivo financiamiento público de los partidos políticos. Se concluye que la actitud irresponsable de los partidos políticos mexicanos procura una mayor obtención de recursos públicos para sí mismos y fomenta una crisis de representatividad.
tres cuerpos del rey. Trump y Peña en Los Pinos
Authors: Cardona Acuña Luz Angela , Arteaga Botello Nelson , Molinari Tato Ariadna
Published: May 2022

En este artículo se examina la competencia por el sentido de la reunión en 2016 del candidato Donald Trump y el presidente Enrique Peña Nieto en tanto performance. Se realizó un análisis textual y un proceso iterativo de codificación de las interpretaciones del performance en 60 columnas de la prensa mexicana. Un discurso sugirió que la visita de Trump contaminó la investidura presidencial y otro que solo contaminó la imagen de Peña Nieto. Se observó el impacto de esta reunión en las columnas mexicanas; futuras investigaciones tendrían que incluir la prensa estadounidense. Se interpreta la manera en que la figura presidencial se legitima o no en tanto representación de la nación, autoridad política y civil. El evento político activó una disputa sobre los efectos del performance en los tres cuerpos de la investidura presidencial encarnada en Peña Nieto.
Representações sociais de futuros professores a respeito da questão indígena
Authors: Farias Luciana , Fichberg Ilana , Cyrino de Mello Forato Thaís , Zajac Silvana , Bragagnolo Cibele , Manfrini Morais Vatimo Michelle , Gaviria Kassama Paola Andrea , Possidonio Shirley , Rodrigues Juliane
Published: May 2022

O desconhecimento a respeito da questão indígena ainda é grande por parte da maioria de professores da educação básica. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo pretende contribuir com a discussão a respeito da educação para as relações étnico-raciais, com enfoque na questão indígena e a sua importância na formação inicial de professores. O estudo foi conduzido entre 112 estudantes universitários de uma disciplina cuja proposta interdisciplinar atende futuros professores de Biologia, Física, Matemática e Química. A pesquisa teve caráter misto exploratório, quantitativo e qualitativo. Como referenciais teóricos, adotaram-se as Representações Sociais, de Moscovici, e o Núcleo Central, de Abric. Para a coleta de dados, aplicaram-se questionário estruturado e evocação livre de palavras. De forma geral, constatou[1]se que os estudantes chegam com uma representação social estereotipada e preconceituosa sobre a questão indígena e que o Núcleo Central da representação necessita de uma abordagem aprofundada para que se favoreça a modificação, evidenciando a importância de se abordar a temática no ensino superior de maneira a colaborar notadamente na ressignificação desses estereótipos.

O desconhecimento a respeito da questão indígena ainda é grande por parte da maioria de professores da educação básica. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo pretende contribuir com a discussão a respeito da educação para as relações étnico-raciais, com enfoque na questão indígena e a sua importância na formação inicial de professores. O estudo foi conduzido entre 112 estudantes universitários de uma disciplina cuja proposta interdisciplinar atende futuros professores de Biologia, Física, Matemática e Química. A pesquisa teve caráter misto exploratório, quantitativo e qualitativo. Como referenciais teóricos, adotaram-se as Representações Sociais, de Moscovici, e o Núcleo Central, de Abric. Para a coleta de dados, aplicaram-se questionário estruturado e evocação livre de palavras. De forma geral, constatou[1]se que os estudantes chegam com uma representação social estereotipada e preconceituosa sobre a questão indígena e que o Núcleo Central da representação necessita de uma abordagem aprofundada para que se favoreça a modificação, evidenciando a importância de se abordar a temática no ensino superior de maneira a colaborar notadamente na ressignificação desses estereótipos.
Resistance to fracture evaluation of endodontically treated roots of first maxillary premolars
Authors: Rosany Laurentina Santos de Carvalho  , Carolina dos Santos Guimaraes  , Marcia Maria Fonseca da Silveira  , Diana Santana de Albuquerque  , Raquel Azevedo de Moraes  , Flávia de Lima Cavalcanti Spinelli
Published: May 2022

One of the most common dental procedures associated to vertical root fractures is the endodontic treatment with excessive dentin wall wear and another increasing risk factor is the use of intraradicular post. Objective: This study evaluated the resistance to fracture of the buccal and palatal roots of maxillary first premolarswith endodontically treated canals and spaces for posts. Material and methods: Twenty two first permanent premolar roots (11 buccal and 11 palatal) composed the experimental sample. The canals were prepared with Protaper Universal® system until file F3 and thenfilled with gutta-percha cone F3 and endodontic sealer and receivedspaces for posts keeping 4 mm of filling at the apical third. The rootswere subjected to compression test in a universal testing machine(Kratus). The roots were subjected to a progressive compressionstress at a speed of 0.5 mm / min. A load cell of 200 kg was used.Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the strength values and resistance limit between groups (P<0.05), as analyzed by t Student test. The values of resistance to fracture of 0.44 kgf/mm2 for group 1 (buccal roots) and 0.31 kgf/mm2 for group 2 (palatal roots) were found. Conclusion: The resistance tofracture of the buccal roots was higher than that of palatal rootsof first premolars submitted to biomechanical preparation and rootpreparation for intraradicular post.
Prosthetic rehabilitation using association of total and implant-supported total denture (Brånemark protocol) – case report
Authors: Rodrigo Lorenzi Poluha  , Clóvis Lamartine de Moraes Melo Neto  , Sérgio Sábio
Published: May 2022

The rehabilitation with implant-supported fixed prosthesis is an effective therapy for the treatment of edentulous patients, especially for mandibles, following Brånemark protocol. Case report: A male patient, aged 62 years, fully edentulous, already had 05 implants, between mental foramen. The rehabilitative therapy employed used both maxillary total denture upper associated with mandibular implant-supported denture following Brånemark protocol. Conclusion: The implant-supported denture following Brånemark protocol is a viable alternative, providing stability to the denture, masticatory efficiency, and aesthetics. Each case should be carefully analyzed and planned to reach a successful treatment.
Epidemiological data and relevance of care provided in dental emergency service of a private hospital
Authors: Luciana Stadler Demenech  , Bruno Marques da Silva  , Kauhanna Vianna de Oliveira  , Beatriz Serrato Coelho  , Denise Piotto Leonardi  , Flares Baratto-Filho  , Flávia Sens Fagundes Tomazinho
Published: May 2022

The aims of this study were to determine the etiology and prevalence of dental emergency visits in a private hospital in the period from July 2009 to July 2011 and the importance of this type of service in private hospitals. Material and methods: During the study period, we analyzed 795 charts from patients seeking emergency services. The emergencies were classified as trauma, odontalgia, prosthesis, periodontal diseases, and traumatic factors. Results: Women and men accounted for 61% and 39% of cases, respectively, and the most prevalent age group was individuals aged 20 to 49 years. The predominant types of dental emergencies observed were odontalgia (52.58%) and dental trauma (22.64%). Pulpitis was the most common pathology (67% of cases) and the most frequent type of trauma was enamel and dentin fracture (54% of cases). Conclusion: A high demand for dental emergency care exists in hospital settings. Most people seek emergency dental services for emergencies related to lack of prevention and dental traumas.
Prevalence of caries disease in Pro-Health practices
Authors: Ananda da Silva Maganhoto  , Marcelo Eduardo Gracia Bauer  , Célia Maria Condeixa de França Lopes  , Helena Maria Antunes Paiano  , Denise Vizzotto
Published: May 2022

This research aimed to evaluate the prevalence of caries and cariogenic habits in children living in Jardim Paraíso neighborhood, city of Joinville–SC, where Pro-Health practices have been executed since 2009. Material and methods: Data collection was performed according to the WHO criteria for epidemiological survey. Food and oral hygiene habits of children and socioeconomic characteristics of their caregivers were collected through a questionnaire with closed questions. The sample consisted of 137 children, 69 (50.4%) males and 68 (49.6%) were female. Results: There was statistical significance in relation to intake of cariogenic foods when compared to dmft index, demonstrating positive correlation between the frequency of consumption and caries manifestation. The mean dmft index was 1.61, with a predominance of decayed teeth (92.76%), demonstrating the need for more financial support in public policies for oral health promotion and education in the neighborhood, aiming at the paradigm shifting from curative dental practice to the current approach focused on prevention.
Knowledge of stem cells among Dentistry undergraduates
Authors: Juliana Luz das Chagas  , Thaisa Cezária Triches  , Marcos Ximenes Filho  , Mabel Mariela Rodríguez Cordeiro
Published: May 2022

Stem cells (SCs) enabled great advances in differenthealth fields, including Dentistry. Objective: To investigate theknowledge of last year Dentistry undergraduate students regardingSCs and its applications. Material and methods: A questionnairewith open-ended questions was applied to the students, followedby qualitative-quantitative analysis involving the clustering of theanswers. Results: The majority of students (70%) defined SCsadequately, only half of the interviewees (48.8%) were unable toclassify SCs and just 26.2% classified it correctly. On the questionabout SCs from dental tissues, 77.5% reported it was possibleand 70.9% knew which tissues could be used. The main sourceof knowledge was the media (36.4%), followed by the University(26.6%); 88.5% stated that the topic was only addressed in the firstyear of the course. Consequently, only 7.5% reported being capableof answering questions about it. Conclusion: The students are notreceiving enough information about the topic.