bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Does Parental Early Maladaptive Schema Affect Adolescents’ Social Adaptation? Based on the Perspective of Intergenerational Transmission
Authors: Shi Ying , Chen I-Jun , Yang Mengping , Wang Liling , Song Yunping , Sun Zhiyin
Published: October 2024

An individual’s social adaptation is affected by their early maladaptive schemas. Previous studies have shown that early maladaptive schemas may be intergenerationally transmitted in families. It is important to explore the intergenerational effect of early maladaptive schemas on adolescents’ social adaptation, as they are in a critical period of growth and development. In this study, a cross-sectional design and questionnaire survey were used to collect data to explore the intergenerational influence of early maladaptive schemas in families and their relationship with adolescents’ social adaptation. The participants were 201 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years and their primary caregivers (father or mother), of whom 125 (62.2%) were boys and 76 (37.8%) were girls. There were 70 fathers (34.8%) and 131 mothers (65.2%). Chinese adolescents and their primary caregivers were surveyed using paired questionnaires, and the Young Schema Questionnaire (short form) and Adolescent Social Adaptation Scale were completed. The results show that adolescents’ early maladaptive schema plays an intermediary role between parents’ early maladaptive schema and adolescents’ social adaptation. Parental mistrust/abuse and insufficient self-control schemas affected adolescents’ social adaptation through the mediating effect of their corresponding schemas. Our results reveal the negative impact path of parents’ early maladaptive schemas on adolescents’ social adaptation and provide a new direction for the clinical practice of adolescent family therapy.
The Well-Being of Doctoral Students in Education: An Ecological Systems Perspective
Authors: Xu Wendan , Li Yingxiu , King Ronnel B. , Chen Junjun
Published: October 2024

This study aims to explore the factors that influence the well-being situation of doctoral students in education from a qualitative perspective and draws on the ecological systems theory as an overarching framework. A total of 18 doctoral students in education from 3 universities in Hong Kong were interviewed. In line with the ecological systems theory, individual influential factors may embed and interact with all layers of systems (i.e., the microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem, the macrosystem, and the chronosystem) surrounding the doctoral students that hinder or boost their well-being, respectively. These six main areas of concern were identified from a thematic analysis of participants’ responses. The study highlighted several salient influential factors of doctoral students’ well-being, such as coping strategies, social relations, and their living and cultural environment. An interactive effect among specific factors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and social movements, was also identified. Findings provide theoretical insights and offer recommendations for improving doctoral students’ well-being.
Examination of Congruity between Subjective and Objective Working Memory in Veterans with Mild TBI and Relation to Psychiatric Symptoms and Childhood Trauma
Authors: Cruz Lisa N. , Walker Nicole C. , Rehman Sonia S. , McNerney M. Windy , Madore Michelle R.
Published: October 2024

Objectives: There is conflicting evidence regarding congruence between subjective cognitive decline and objective cognitive performance for individuals with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The current study investigated the congruity between subjective and objective cognition, particularly working memory, among veterans with an mTBI history, accounting for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and childhood trauma. Methods: Participants included 35 veterans with a history of mTBI sustained during deployment. Participants completed measures of subjective [i.e., Behavioral Inventory Rating of Executive Functioning (BRIEF)] and objective working memory (i.e., WAIS-IV working memory index). Congruity between subjective and objective working memory was examined using linear regression. Bonferroni-corrected correlations were run to explore relationships among working memory, psychiatric symptoms, mTBI severity, and childhood trauma. Results: Among Veterans with mTBI, subjective working memory and objective working memory performance were not significantly related (p > 0.05); however, the overall model was significant (p < 0.0001), and childhood trauma was a notable predictor (p = 0.02). Greater PTSD, depression, and sleep symptoms were significantly related to increased subjective working memory concerns, even after Bonferroni adjustments (ps < 0.0001). Better objective working memory was significantly related to a fewer number of childhood traumatic events; however, this did not sustain corrections. The majority of individuals (67%) endorsed significant working memory complaints, despite objectively performing within normal limits (within 1 SD and above). Conclusions: Subjective-objective working memory congruity among veterans with mTBI was limited. Subjective, but not objective, working memory concerns were associated with greater PTSD, depression, and sleep symptoms. Childhood trauma was a notable factor that contributed to both subjective and objective cognitive concerns. There remains clinical value in assessing subjective cognitive concerns given the strong relationships with psychiatric problems and, hence, a focus for intervention.
Evolution of Teachers’ Teaching Beliefs About Mathematics in a Teacher Education Program
Authors: Sun Dandan , Zhang Qiaoping
Published: October 2024

Teachers’ teaching beliefs encompass the underlying perspectives that they hold. These beliefs significantly influence teacher actions in complex ways, thereby impacting the implementation of curriculum reform. However, existing research has revealed inconsistencies between teaching beliefs and actual practices. Employing a case study approach, this study adopts a reflective belief model to address this issue and explore the mechanisms of teaching belief formation within the context of a teacher education program in China. The findings indicate that teaching beliefs can evolve and develop through five dimensions: justification, exemplification, consistency, connection, and practicality. By considering these dimensions within the framework of the reflective belief model, we can better comprehend the inconsistencies between belief and practice. Teacher educators can utilize this understanding to foster the cultivation of reflective teaching beliefs for teachers within training programs.
Congestion-Based Earthquake Emergency Evacuation Simulation Model for Underground Structure
Authors: Yoo Mintaek , Haam Sunnie , Song Woo Seung
Published: October 2024

Herein, the Dijkstra algorithm was used to develop a model that considers evacuee congestion and derives an optimal evacuation route in underground structures in the event of an earthquake. The ground conditions and seismic intensities were varied, and the evacuation route was analyzed for four cases. The damage index for each underground structure due to an earthquake was determined considering the ground conditions and structure depth, and the evacuation speed reduction was evaluated as a function of the damage index. A congestion coefficient was applied when the evacuation capacity exceeded the threshold to reflect the evacuation speed reduction due to increased congestion in the same evacuation route. The evacuation route in some sections changed when congestion was considered, and the final evacuation time increased significantly when the congestion coefficient was applied. When the evacuation capacity at each node exceeded the threshold, the 1/3 value was applied as the congestion coefficient to evacuation velocity. When the original evacuation route was used after applying the congestion coefficient, the evacuation time increased by up to 220%. However, the evacuation time can be reduced by applying an alternative route that considers congestion. When an alternative route derived from considering congestion was used, the evacuation time decreased by up to 45% compared to that when the original route was used, and the time required decreased by up to 840 s. Hence, the reduction in evacuation speed due to evacuee congestion must be considered to derive alternative, optimal evacuation routes in the event of a disaster. In addition, evacuation routes should account for the location of evacuees using technologies such as real-time indoor positioning to consider the congestion level of evacuees.
Optimizing Comfort and Sustainability: The Impact of Passive Cooling and Eco-Friendly Materials on Indoor Temperature Reduction—A Case Study
Authors: Kim Jonghoon , Naganathan Hariharan , Moon Sooyoung , Jang Daehee
Published: October 2024

As global energy consumption, climate change, and environmental degradation continue to escalate, the need for sustainable solutions has become more critical than ever. Passive cooling is emerging as a promising approach to improve energy efficiency in the built environment. This research investigates the potential of passive cooling in new buildings, focusing on its ability to lower indoor temperatures and utilize eco-friendly materials. By reviewing the existing literature, case studies, and technological innovations, this study explores the feasibility and effectiveness of passive cooling strategies, providing a basis for future research and practical implementation. Using quantitative methods, the research analyzes temperature variations under different ventilation scenarios to assess the impact of passive cooling. Additionally, it qualitatively examines the thermal properties of various interior finishing materials, including cement, wood, and loess bricks. Software simulations are employed to assess the temperature reduction effects of eco-friendly materials such as wood and clay bricks. The findings indicate that passive cooling effectively reduces indoor temperatures, irrespective of the interior materials used. While materials like wood, known for its thermal efficiency, or cost-effective red clay blocks may influence overall building performance, the core principles of passive cooling remain universally applicable across different material choices.
Influence of Thermal Environment on College Students’ Learning Performance in Hot Overhead Spaces in China
Authors: Wang Wanying , Zhao Yang , Yang Jiahao , Du Meng , Luo Xinyi , Zhong Ziyu , Huang Bixue
Published: October 2024

With the popularization of informal learning styles in universities, building overheads in hot and humid regions of China has become one of the main spaces for informal learning among college students in the region due to their improved thermal environmental conditions relative to outdoor spaces. However, the effects of thermal environmental changes on students’ learning performance on the overhead floors are not yet clear. Therefore, we recruited volunteers to conduct several tests, including the Stroop test, the Go/No-go test, the 2-back test, and the 3-back test, in the overhead space of a building in September and October. This was followed by a questionnaire survey, which yielded a total of 500 samples. Learning performance was quantified as a total of accuracy, response time, and final performance metrics. The results show that in hot and humid regions of China, the thermal perception of college students in the overhead was mainly related to Ta and Tmrt, and the relationship with Va was not significant; the maximum acceptable physiological equivalent temperature of college students in the overhead space was 30.3 °C; the change in the thermal environment had an effect on the learning performance of the four tests, and under neutral to slightly warm temperature (22.1–31.2 °C physiological equivalent temperature), the learning performance of the perceptually oriented and short-term memory task types increased by 2.5% and 1.1%, and the relationship between thermal environment and learning performance was not significant when the short-term memory task became more difficult. Attention-oriented learning had a relationship between the spatial thermal environment and learning performance in overhead spaces in hot and humid regions and suggests a basis for future overhead retrofitting.
Impact of Dispersive Solvent and Temperature on Supercapacitor Performance of N-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Yadav Ankit , Kumar Rajeev , Joseph Deepu , Thomas Nygil , Yan Fei , Sahoo Balaram
Published: October 2024

This study evaluates the critical roles of the dispersion medium and temperature during the solvothermal synthesis of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (NG) for enhancing its performance as an active material in supercapacitor electrodes. Using a fixed volume of a solvent (THF, ethanol, acetonitrile, water, N,N-Dimethylformamide, ethylene glycol, or N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone) as the dispersive medium, a series of samples at different temperatures (60, 75, 95, 120, 150, 180, and 195 °C) are synthesized and investigated. A proper removal of the oxygen moieties from their surface and an optimum number of N-based defects are essential for a better reduction of graphene oxide and better stacking of the NG sheets. The origin of the supercapacitance of NG sheets can be correlated to the inherent properties such as the boiling point, viscosity, dipole moment, and dielectric constant of all the studied solvents, along with the synthesis temperature. Due to the achievement of a suitable synthesis environment, NG synthesized using N,N-Dimethylformamide at 150 °C displays an excellent supercapacitance value of 514 F/g at 0.5 A/g, which is the highest among all our samples and also competitive among several state-of-the-art lightweight carbon materials. Our work not only helps in understanding the origin of the supercapacitance exhibited by graphene-based materials but also tuning them through a suitable choice of synthesis conditions.
Correction: Mansoori et al. HMGA2 Supports Cancer Hallmarks in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers 2021, 13, 5197
Authors: Mansoori Behzad , Terp Mikkel Green , Mohammadi Ali , Pedersen Christina Bøg , Ditzel Henrik Jørn , Baradaran Behzad , Gjerstorff Morten Frier
Published: October 2024

In the original publication [...]
Novel Biochar-Modified ZIF-8 Metal–Organic Frameworks as a Potential Material for Optoelectronic and Electrochemical Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Al-atawi Sarah , Aljohani Meshari M. , Hamdalla Taymour A. , Al-Ghamdi S. A. , Alsharari Abdulrhman M. , Khasim Syed
Published: October 2024

Herein, we report the preparation of nanocomposites using activated biochar derived from rice husk (RHBC) by doping with a metal–organic framework, namely the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8). The morphological and structural characterization of the prepared nanocomposite was performed using SEM, BET, XRD, FTIR, TGA, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The average particle sizes as observed from SEM micrographs for ZIF-8 and ZIF-8@RHBC were 67 nm and 78 nm, respectively. The BET surface analysis of the ZIF-8@RHBC composite showed a value of 308 m2/g and a pore diameter of about 42.56 A°. The inclusion of RHBC in ZIF-8 resulted in a 4% increase in the optical band gap and a 5% increase in the optical conductivity. The electrochemical properties of this nanocomposite were investigated through cyclic voltammetry, and it was observed that ZIF-8@RHBC showed improved CV curves in comparison to bare ZIF-8. The specific capacitance of ZIF-8@RHBC was significantly enhanced from 348 F/g to 452 F/g at a 1 A/g current density after incorporating ZIF-8 into the RHBC matrix. The formation of a mesoporous structure in the ZIF-8@RHBC composite contributed to the improved diffusion rate at the electrode surface, resulting in excellent electrochemical features in the composite. Furthermore, the EIS studies confirmed the reduced charge transfer resistance and increased conduction at the electrode surface in the case of the ZIF-8@RHBC composite. Owing to the ease of its green synthesis and its excellent structural and morphological features and optical and electrochemical properties, this ZIF@RHBC nanocomposite could represent a novel multifunctional material to be used in optoelectronics and energy storage applications.
Tailoring Mesoporosity of Multi-Hydroxyls Hyper-Crosslinked Organic Polymers for Reinforced Ambient Chemical Fixation of CO2
Authors: Guo Zengjing , Ning Shuguang , Xu Shicheng , Zhang Yongying , Dong Yifan , Han Hongjing
Published: October 2024

Ambient condition-determined chemical CO2 fixation affords great promise for remitting the pressure of CO2 release. The construction of a microporous environment easily captures CO2 molecules around the reactive sites of the catalyst to reinforce the reaction process. Herein, multi-hydroxyl-containing hyper-crosslinked organic polymers (HCPs-OH-n) are synthesized by the polymerization of 1,4-dichlorobenzyl (DCX) and m-trihydroxybenzene in the monosaccharide form in a Friedel–Crafts alkylation hypercrosslinking process (FCAHP). By tuning the DCX ratio in the FCAHP, the structural properties can be regulated to create a more microporous surface in the HCPs-OH-n; meanwhile, the formed multi-hydroxyl species in the microporous environment could induce the easy interaction between hydroxyls and epoxides by forming a hydrogen bond, which improves the activation of epoxides during the cycloaddition reaction to synthesize the cyclic carbonates at ambient conditions. The structural properties suggest that HCPs-OH-n possess a large surface area with appreciable microporous and mesoporous distribution. As expected, the HCPs-OH-3 bearing the most abundant mesoporosity affords the highest reactivity in the chemical CO2 fixation to cyclic carbonates and is endowed with rational recoverability.
Vertically Ti3CN@NiFe LDH Nanoflakes as Self-Standing Catalysts for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: He Lei , Tang Qing , Fan Qi , Zhuang Haizheng , Wang Shengchao , Pang Yifan , Liang Kun
Published: October 2024

Hydrogen production from water electrolysis is gaining interest as a source of renewable energy storage due to its high efficiency and low environmental impact. However, the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) limits the overall efficiency of electrolyzer systems. This study presents the synthesis and characterization of a novel electrocatalyst with a vertical structure, composed of Ti3CN MXene-modified NiFe-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) supported on nickel foam (NF) for efficient OER applications. The 1.0-LDH/3MXNF catalyst exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity, achieving a low overpotential of 247 mV at a current density of 100 mA cm−2 and a favorable Tafel slope of 67.7 mV/dec. This can be attributed to the transfer of excess electrons from Ti3CN MXene to NiFe-LDH, which reduces the oxidation states of Ni and Fe, resulting in a strong interfacial coupling between Ti3CN MXene and NiFe-LDHs. Additionally, the electrode exhibited exceptional stability, maintaining constant performance with minimal potential degradation over prolonged operation. These findings underscore the potential of hybrid LDH-MXene systems as advanced electrocatalysts for renewable energy applications, paving the way for further innovations in energy conversion technologies.
Nano-TiO2-Enhanced Surface Functionalization of Recycled Concrete Aggregates for Improved Degradation Efficiency of Low-Concentration Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Chen Xue-Fei , Chen Wei-Zhi , Zhang Xiu-Cheng , Lin Wen-Cong , Zheng Jian-Sheng , Yan Guo-Hui
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the enhancement of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) surfaces with nano-TiO2 for an improved degradation of low-concentration sulfur dioxide (SO2). Nano-TiO2 particles, known for their photocatalytic properties, were uniformly deposited on RCA surfaces. Upon exposure to SO2 under light irradiation, the functionalized RCA exhibited significantly improved degradation efficiency. This was attributed to the photo-induced oxidation of SO2 by nano-TiO2. Enhanced degradation was further observed under UV light due to increased photoactivation. The nano-TiO2 coating also showed good durability and stability, ensuring long-term effectiveness. The experimental outcomes reveal that TiO2-treated recycled aggregates exhibit an 85% retained photocatalytic activity post five cycles of reuse. Furthermore, the investigation employs a second-order polynomial-based mathematical fitting function to generate a three-dimensional trend surface, visually illustrating the inverse relationships between sulfur dioxide degradation and environmental variables, such as initial concentration and flow rates. Finally, this study demonstrates the potential of nano-TiO2-modified RCA for mitigating the environmental impact of low-concentration SO2, contributing to the development of more sustainable construction materials and broadening RCA’s applications in environmental remediation.
Efficient Catalytic Conversion of Acetate to Citric Acid and Itaconic Acid by Engineered Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Ning Yuchen , Zhang Renwei , Liu Huan , Yu Yue , Deng Li , Wang Fang
Published: October 2024

The bioconversion of agricultural and industrial wastes is considered a green and sustainable alternative method for producing high-value biochemicals. As a major catalytic product of greenhouse gases and a by-product in the fermentation and lignocellulose processing industries, acetate is a promising bioconversion raw material. In this work, endogenous and heterologous enzymes were manipulated in Yarrowia lipolytica to achieve the conversion of acetate to high-value citric acid and itaconic acid, respectively. After the combinational expression of the key enzymes in the acetate metabolic pathway, the citric acid synthesis pathway, and the mitochondrial transport system, acetate could be efficiently converted to citric acid. Coupled with the down-regulation of fatty acid synthase expression in the competitive pathway, more acetyl-CoA flowed into the synthesis of citric acid, and the titer reached 15.11 g/L with a productivity of 0.51 g/g acetate by the engineered Y. lipolytica, which is comparable to the results using glucose as the substrate. On this basis, the heterologous cis-aconitate decarboxylase from Aspergillus terreus was introduced into the engineered Y. lipolytica to achieve the catalytic synthesis of itaconic acid from acetate. Combined with investigating the effects of multiple enzymes in the synthesis pathway, the titer of itaconic acid reached 1.87 g/L with a yield of 0.43 g/g DCW by the final engineered strain, which is the highest reported titer of itaconic acid derived from acetate by engineered microbes in shake flasks. It is demonstrated that acetate has the potential to replace traditional starch-based raw materials for the synthesis of high-value organic acids and our work lays a foundation for the rational utilization of industrial wastes and the catalytic products of greenhouse gases.
Optimization of Palladium-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Furans for High-Yield Production: A Study of Catalytic and Reaction Parameters
Authors: Haiouani Kheira , Hegazy Sherif , Alsaeedi Huda , Bechelany Mikhael , Barhoum Ahmed
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the palladium-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of functionalized furans from 1,3-Dicarbonyl compounds and alkenyl bromides, focusing on various catalysts and reaction parameters. Different catalysts, including PdCl₂(CH₃CN)₂, Pd(OAc)₂, and Pd(acac)2 as well as solvents, bases, and oxidants, were systematically evaluated. PdCl₂(CH₃CN)₂ emerged as the most effective catalyst, achieving a remarkable yield of 94%. Optimal reaction conditions were identified as PdCl₂(CH₃CN)₂ in dioxane at 80 °C with K₂CO₃ as the base and CuCl₂ as the oxidant. This study also explored various 1,3-diketones including Cyclohexane-1,3-dione, 5,5-Dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione, 2H-Pyran-3,5(4H,6H)-dione, Cyclopentane-1,3-dione, Pentane-2,4-dione, Ethyl 3-oxobutanoate, 1,3-Diphenylpropane-1,3-dione, 1,3-Dip-tolylpropane-1,3-dione, 1,3-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)propane-1,3-dione, and 1,3-Bis(4-bromo- phenyl)propane-1,3-dione, alongside different alkenyl bromides such as allyl bromide, (E)-1-Bromo-3,4-dimethylpent-2-ene, 1-Bromo-3-methylbut-2-ene, 3-Bromocyclohex-1-ene, and (E)-1-Bromohex-2-ene. These variations demonstrated the method’s versatility and the significant impact of substituents on reactivity and reaction yield. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing reaction conditions to maximize efficiency and provide insights into improving catalytic processes for enhanced product yields.
Immunomodulatory Functions of TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Fogarasi Marton , Dima Simona
Published: October 2024

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF protein superfamily and was initially identified as a protein capable of inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. In addition, TRAIL can promote pro-survival and proliferation signaling in various cell types. Subsequent studies have demonstrated that TRAIL plays several important roles in immunoregulation, immunosuppression, and immune effector functions. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to the loss of insulin-producing β-cells, primarily driven by T-cell-mediated pancreatic islet inflammation. Various genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, in conjunction with the immune system, contribute to the initiation, development, and progression of T1D. Recent reports have highlighted TRAIL as an important immunomodulatory molecule with protective effects on pancreatic islets. Experimental data suggest that TRAIL protects against T1D by reducing the proliferation of diabetogenic T cells and pancreatic islet inflammation and restoring normoglycemia in animal models. In this review, we aimed to summarize the consequences of TRAIL action in T1D, focusing on and discussing its signaling mechanisms, role in the immune system, and protective effects in T1D.
In Silico Analysis of Vitamin D Interactions with Aging Proteins: Docking, Molecular Dynamics, and Solvation Free Energy Studies
Authors: Tuntufye Edna , Paul Lucas , Raymond Jofrey , Chacha Musa , Paluch Andrew S. , Shadrack Daniel M.
Published: October 2024

Aging is a natural process that is also influenced by some factors like the food someone eats, lifestyle decisions, and impacts on general health. Despite the recognized role of nutrition in modulating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying aging, there is a lack of comprehensive exploration into potential interventions that can effectively mitigate these effects. In this study, we investigated the potential anti-aging properties of vitamin D by examining its interactions with key molecular targets involved in aging-related pathways. By using molecular docking and dynamics techniques, we evaluate the interactions and stability of vitamins D2 and D3 with key proteins involved in aging pathways, such as SIRT1, mTOR, AMPK, Klotho, AhR, and MAPK. Our results reveal promising binding affinities between vitamin D and SIRT1 forms, with energy values of −48.33 kJ/mol and −45.94 kJ/mol for vitamins D2 and D3, respectively, in aqueous environments. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the vitamin D3–SIRT1 complex exhibited greater stability compared with the vitamin D2–SIRT1 complex. The study calculated the solvation free energy to compare the solubility of vitamins D2 and D3 in water and various organic solvents. Despite their strong interactions with water, both vitamins exhibited low solubility, primarily due to the high energy cost associated with cavity formation in the aqueous environment. Compared with other solvents, water demonstrated particularly low solubility for both vitamins. This suggested that vitamins D2 and D3 preferred binding to aging receptors over dissolving in bulk aqueous environments, supporting their strong therapeutic interactions with these receptors. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying vitamin D’s potential anti-aging effects and lay the groundwork for developing nutraceuticals targeting aging and associated diseases. Understanding these mechanisms holds promise for future interventions aimed at promoting healthy aging and enhancing overall well-being.
Quantitative Chemical Sensing Using Genetically Engineered Bacterial Bioreporters
Authors: Uziel Yonatan , Kabessa Yossef , Shemer Benjamin , Shpigel Etai , Belkin Shimshon , Agranat Aharon J.
Published: October 2024

We present a generic quantitative chemical sensing methodology for assessing the concentration of a target material (TM) in an aqueous solution by using bioluminescent microbial bioreporters as the core sensing elements. Such bioreporters, genetically engineered to respond to the presence of a TM in their microenvironment by emitting bioluminescence, have previously been mostly designed to report the presence or absence of the TM in the sample. We extend this methodology to also assess the TM concentration, by exploiting the dose-dependency of the TM-induced luminescence. To overcome luminescence intensity variations due to bacterial batch differences and the ambient temperature, simultaneous measurements were carried out on sample solutions containing known concentrations of the TM. A “standard ratio” parameter, defined as the ratio between the two measurements, is shown to be independent of the bacterial batch and the temperature, and hence provides the conceptual basis for a generic quantitative chemical sensing methodology. Assessment of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) concentration in solutions is demonstrated with an accuracy of 2.5% over a wide dynamic range.
Paper-Based Analytical Devices Based on Amino-MOFs (MIL-125, UiO-66, and MIL-101) as Platforms towards Fluorescence Biodetection Applications
Authors: Piguillem Sofía V. , Gomez Germán E. , Tortella Gonzalo R. , Seabra Amedea B. , Regiart Matías D. , Messina Germán A. , Fernández-Baldo Martín A.
Published: October 2024

In this study, we designed three promising platforms based on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to develop paper-based analytical devices (PADs) for biosensing applications. PADs have become increasingly popular in field sensing in recent years due to their portability, low cost, simplicity, efficiency, fast detection capability, excellent sensitivity, and selectivity. In addition, MOFs are excellent choices for developing highly sensitive and selective sensors due their versatility for functionalizing, structural stability, and capability to adsorb and desorb specific molecules by reversible interactions. These materials also offer the possibility to modify their structure and properties, making them highly versatile and adaptable to different environments and sensing needs. In this research, we synthesized and characterized three different amino-functionalized MOFs: UiO-66-NH2 (Zr), MIL-125-NH2 (Ti), and MIL-101-NH2 (Fe). These MOFs were used to fabricate PADs capable of sensitive and portable monitoring of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). Overall, amino-derivated MOF platforms demonstrate significant potential for integration into biosensor PADs, offering key properties that enhance their performance and applicability in analytical chemistry and diagnostics.
The Interplay between von Hippel–Lindau Tumor Suppressor Gene, Lon Protease, ROS Accumulation, and Inflammation in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Tsai Yao-Chou , Kuo Chan-Yen
Published: October 2024

This study explores the role of the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene and Lon protease in the development of clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) through mechanisms involving inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in kidney cells. By examining the impact of VHL on the early stages of kidney cancer development, this research highlights the contributions of inflammation and ROS, as well as the involvement of Lon protease. The findings reveal increased Lon expression and ROS levels in VHL-knockdown HK-2 cells, along with elevated phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) levels, emphasizing the complex interplay between VHL, Lon protease, inflammation, and ROS in kidney cell models. These insights point to potential therapeutic pathways for ccRCC.
Production of Protein Hydrolysates Teff (Eragrostis tef) Flour with Antioxidant and Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme (ACE-I) Inhibitory Activity Using Pepsin and Cynara cardunculus L. Extract
Authors: Molina-Valero Gregorio , Buendía-Moreno Laura , Bande-De León Cindy , Bueno-Gavilá Estefanía , Tejada Luis
Published: October 2024

In recent years, several studies have shown the antioxidant and antihypertensive potential of bioactive peptides. Thus, bioactive peptides are likely to be a valuable substance for the development of functional foods. There are a wide variety of sources of these peptides, including several cereals. Teff is an Ethiopian-rooted cereal with an interesting nutritional profile, mainly due to its high amount of protein. In this study, teff flour was subjected to a defatting process for optimizing the protein extraction. Such extraction was performed by precipitation from its isoelectric point, a crucial step that separates the protein from other components based on their charge. The protein obtained was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis by pepsin and Cynara cardunculus L. The antihypertensive (angiotensin-I-converting enzyme ―ACE-I― inhibitory activity) and antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl ―DPPH― radical scavenging activity) of the peptides were determined. According to the IC50 values, the results obtained showed that the peptides from teff flour show promising bioactivity compared to other cereals. Furthermore, the peptides from teff flour obtained from C. cardunculus L. showed higher antioxidant activity (defatted teff flour ―DTF―: 0.59 ± 0.05; protein extract ―EP― : 1.04 ± 0.11) than those obtained with pepsin (DTF: 0.87 ± 0.09; EP: 1.73 ± 0.11). However, C. cardunculus L. hydrolyzate peptides showed lower inhibitory activity of ACE-I (DTF: 0.59 ± 0.07; EP: 0.61 ± 0.05) than the pepsin hydrolyzate (DTF: 0.15 ± 0.02; EP: 0.33 ± 0.05).
The Validation of the SOMNOwatch™ Actigraphy System for Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep Assessment
Authors: Spektor Ekaterina , Fietze Ingo , Poluektov Mikhail G.
Published: October 2024

There is a growing body of evidence regarding the clinical significance of PLMS, and this movement disorder is of concern in both clinical and scientific contexts. Leg actigraphy is a convenient and promising method for screening periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMSs). This study aims to demonstrate the reliability of the SOMNOwatch™ actigraph for detecting periodic limb movements in sleep. Twenty-eight patients, referred to a sleep laboratory for various sleep problems, underwent nocturnal polysomnography with simultaneous one-sided actigraphy using the SOMNOwatch™ actigraph. Recordings of leg movements obtained from both methods were manually scored, calculating the periodic limb movement index (PLMI). The agreement between the methods was assessed through correlation analysis and event-by-event comparison. The correlation between the PLMI derived from PSG and SOMNOwatch™ was high and statistically significant (r = 0.98, p < 0.0001). The SOMNOwatch™ demonstrated a sensitivity of 86.7% and a specificity of 92.3% in detecting PLMS. Similarly, for detecting patients with a PLMI equal to or greater than 15, the sensitivity was 85.7%, and the specificity was 95.2%.
Synthesis of Blue-Emitting CuAlSe2 Quantum Dots and Their Luminescent Properties
Authors: Dong Xiaofei , Li Xianggao , Yin Shougen , Li Jingling , Zhang Ping
Published: October 2024

Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have potential application prospects in new-type display fields due to their wide color gamut, high energy efficiency, as well as low-cost mass production. Research on lead-free and cadmium-free blue quantum dots (QDs) is urgently needed for the development of QLED technology. For I-III-VI QDs, multiple luminescent centers generated by imbalanced local charge distribution have a detrimental effect on the emission performance. Regulating the chemical composition is one of the effective methods to control the defect type of blue-emitting QDs. In this work, narrow-bandwidth (with a full width at half maximum of 53 nm) blue CuAlSe2 QDs are achieved by altering the Cu/Al ratio. As the Cu/Al ratio increases from 0.2 to 1, the photoluminescence (PL) emission peak is red-shifted from 450 to 460 nm, with PL quantum yield up to 56%. The PL spectra are deconvoluted into three emission peaks by Gaussian fitting analysis, demonstrating the main luminescent contribution coming from the radiative recombination of electrons residing in the aluminum–copper antisite (AlCu) defect level with the holes in the valence band. This work provides a new approach for preparing eco-friendly and high-efficient blue-emitting QDs.
Antibacterial Amorphous–Crystalline Coatings Based on Wollastonite and ZnO Particles
Authors: Sedelnikova Mariya B. , Mayer Violetta V. , Bakina Olga V. , Kashin Alexander D. , Uvarkin Pavel V. , Khimich Margarita A. , Luginin Nikita A. , Glukhov Ivan A. , Tolkacheva Tatiana V. , Ugodchikova Anna V. , Sharkeev Yurii P.
Published: October 2024

This study considers the regularities in the formation of amorphous–crystalline coatings with zinc oxide and wollastonite particles via micro-arc oxidation (MAO) on metal substrates made from a Mg-0.8 wt.% Ca alloy. The combination of components with increased antibacterial and osteogenic properties made it possible to obtain a unique bioactive and corrosion-resistant coating that slowed down the bioresorption of a magnesium implant and stimulated the processes of osteointegration. The coating was examined using various methods, including scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography, scratch testing, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization testing. As a result of plasma-chemical interactions between electrolyte components and the magnesium substrate, a porous amorphous–crystalline coating comprising wollastonite (CaSiO3), zinc oxide (ZnO), forsterite (Mg2SiO4), and periclase (MgO) was formed at varying voltages (350–500 V) during the MAO process. The protective properties of the coating were exceptional, as evidenced by the mass loss values of the coated samples (1.4–2.3%) in 0.9% NaCl solution, which were significantly lower than the mass loss of the uncoated alloy (8.9%). The coating synthesized at a voltage of 500 V was characterized by a maximum zinc content of 8 at.%, which was responsible for the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (99.1%).
Geographical Variation in the Sand Cat, Felis margarita (Carnivora: Felidae)
Authors: Kitchener Andrew C. , Abramov Alexei V. , Veron Géraldine , Banfield Lisa , Senn Helen , Yamaguchi Nobuyuki , Puzachenko Andrey Yu.
Published: October 2024

Sand cats, Felis margarita, range from northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula to Central Asia. Their apparently discontinuous distribution is recognized as comprising four subspecies. Recent genetic research found little differentiation between subspecies except for the North African form. In this study, 90 skins and 88 skulls were analyzed from the four subspecies. A discriminant function analysis of the scores, ranging from 1 to 4, of four pelage characteristics revealed differentiation between putative subspecies, except between Turkmenian and Pakistani sand cats. Northern African and Arabian sand cats tend to be spotted and striped, while Turkmenian and Pakistani sand cats are less spotted and have a dorsal crest of fur. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) models generated from 21 skull measurements revealed an overlap in morphospace between all subspecies, except for larger Turkmenian sand cats; northern African sand cats were smallest. Therefore, both pelage characteristics and skull morphometrics support up to three subspecies. However, considering recent genetic research, it is likely that two subspecies should be recognized, F. m. margarita from northern Africa and F. m. thinobia from the Arabian Peninsula, and Southwest and Central Asia. Widening of the dataset and nuclear DNA evidence are required to increase our understanding of geographical variation in this little studied species.
A Dataset of Two-Dimensional XBeach Model Set-Up Files for Northern California
Authors: O’Neill Andrea C. , Nederhoff Kees , Erikson Li H. , Thomas Jennifer A. , Barnard Patrick L.
Published: October 2024

Here, we describe a dataset of two-dimensional (2D) XBeach model files that were developed for the Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) in northern California as an update to an earlier CoSMoS implementation that relied on one-dimensional (1D) modeling methods. We provide details on the data and their application, such that they might be useful to end-users for other coastal studies. Modeling methods and outputs are presented for Humboldt Bay, California, in which we compare output from a nested 1D modeling approach to 2D model results, demonstrating that the 2D method, while more computationally expensive, results in a more cohesive and directly mappable flood hazard result.
Assessment of the Predictive Ability of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with In-Stent Restenosis after COVID-19
Authors: Pivina Lyudmila , Batenova Gulnara , Ygiyeva Diana , Orekhov Andrey , Pivin Maksim , Dyussupov Altay
Published: October 2024

Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an independent predictor of the severity of coronary heart disease and COVID-19. This study aims to assess the predictive ability of the NLR in patients with in-stent restenosis after COVID-19. Materials and Methods: a cross-sectional study included 931 patients who underwent repeated myocardial revascularization between May 2020 and May 2023. The 420 patients of the main group had in-stent restenosis, of which 162 patients had COVID-19 previously. The control group included 511 patients without stent restenosis (107 patients had COVID-19 previously). All reported events were verified by hospital electronic records from the Complex Medical Information System. Results: The mean values of the NLR were 2.51 and 2.68 in the study groups, respectively. A statistically significant positive relationship in both groups was found between the NLR and troponin, D-dimer, C-reactive protein, creatinine, ALT, and AST. A statistically significant positive relationship was found between NLR and myocardial infarction (MI) in patients of both groups (p = 0.004; p < 0.001, respectively) and a negative relationship with the ejection fraction (p = 0.001; p < 0.036, respectively). An evaluation of the predictive ability of the clinical and laboratory predictors of recurrent myocardial infarction shows a high degree of utility of this model. The area under the ROC curve for AUC for NLR was 0.664 with 95% CI from 0.627 to 0.700 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: NLR is one of the significant factors for predicting the development of adverse outcomes in patients with revascularized myocardium after COVID-19.
Predictive Value of Diaphragm and Lung Ultrasonography for Weaning Failure in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure Due to COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Fonseca Camila , Novoa Claudio , Aguayo Matias , Arriagada Ricardo , Alvarado Cristóbal , Pedreros César , Kraunik David , Martins Camila M. , Rocco Patricia R. M. , Battaglini Denise
Published: October 2024

Background: This study analyzed weaning characteristics and assessed the association of clinical and ultrasonographic indices—maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI), peak flow expiratory (PFE), diaphragm-thickening fraction (DTF), diaphragm thickness (DT), diaphragm excursion (DE), diaphragm-RSBI (D-RSBI), and lung ultrasound (LUS) patterns—with weaning failure. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included critically ill COVID-19 patients aged 18 and older who had been on invasive mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h and undergoing weaning. Exclusion criteria included absence of ultrasound assessments, neuromuscular diseases, and chronic cardio-respiratory dysfunction. Results: Among 61 patients, 44.3% experienced weaning failure, 27.9% failed the spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), 16.4% were re-intubated within 48 h, and 28% required tracheostomy. Weaning failure was associated with prolonged ventilation (29 vs. 7 days, p < 0.001), extended oxygen therapy, longer ICU stays, and higher ICU mortality. These patients had higher pressure support, lower oxygenation levels, a higher RSBI, and a lower MIP. While PEF, DTF, DE, and D-RSBI showed no significant differences, both right and left diaphragm thicknesses and the inspiratory thickness of the left diaphragm were reduced in failure cases. LUS scores were significantly higher before and after SBT in the failure group. Bivariate analysis identified RSBI [OR = 1.04 (95% CI = 1.01–1.07), p = 0.010], MIP [OR = 0.92 (95% CI = 0.86–0.99), p = 0.018], and LUS [OR = 1.15 (95% CI = 0.98–1.35), p = 0.025] as predictors of weaning failure; however, these associations were not confirmed in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Ultrasound provides supplementary information during weaning, but no definitive association between ultrasound indices and weaning failure was confirmed in this study.
Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections in Patients with Renal Insufficiency: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chandramohan Deepak , Singh Prabhat , Garapati Hari Naga , Konda Raghunandan , Chandramohan Divya , Jena Nihar , Bali Atul , Simhadri Prathap Kumar
Published: October 2024

(1) Background: Renal insufficiency is a risk factor for cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection. (2) Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted from multiple electronic databases to identify studies. Using the random effects model, we calculated the pooled rates of CIED infection and their 95% confidence intervals. We also calculated the pooled odds ratios to determine the risk of CIED infections due to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We utilized the Cochran Q and I2 statistics to detect and quantify heterogeneity. (3) Results: A total of 17 studies comprising 359,784 patients with renal insufficiency were added to the meta-analysis. Out of these, 263,819 were CKD patients and 89,617 were ESRD patients. The pooled rate of CIED infection in patients with CKD was 4.3% (95% CI: 2–8.8; I2: 95.7), and in patients with ESRD, it was 4.8% (95% CI: 2.6–8.7; I2: 99.4). The pooled risk of CIED infection in the CKD population was OR 2.5 (95% CI: 1.9–3.3; p < 0.001; I2: 21.1), and in the ESRD population, it was OR 2.4 (95% CI: 1.01–5.7; p = 0.046; I2: 88.8). ESRD was associated with higher mortality, OR 2.5 (95% CI: 1.4–4.4.8; p = 0.001; I2: 95). (4) Conclusions: The presence of renal insufficiency increases the number of CIED infections. In particular, patients with ESRD have an increased risk of mortality.
Peregrine Falcon: Design and Experimentation of a Folding and Launchable Quadcopter Drone
Authors: Wu Guangxin , Pei Xinbiao , Wang Dong , Nan Lijun , Wang Dong , Zhou Hejia , Bai Yue
Published: October 2024

This article describes a quadcopter drone with foldable arms, which we have named the Peregrine Falcon. It can take off from a moving vehicle by barrel launching and perform its mission in the air after autonomously spreading its arms. The design helps the drone to be put into operation quickly, which is a great advantage for applications in industries such as forest fire reconnaissance. This paper introduces the design process of the Peregrine Falcon from the aspects of structure, avionics and control algorithm, and proposes control compensation methods for the large attitude change generated during the barrel launching process and the vertical drift problem after impact, respectively. The stability and feasibility of the Peregrine Falcon in the static and dynamic launching process are verified by flying experiments.