bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social-Cultural Factors and Women’s Participation in Higher Educational Leadership in Mogadishu, Somalia
Authors: Abdikarim Shamsa , Otieno Daniel , Kariuki Damaris
Published: October 2024

Participation of women in leadership, particularly in higher education is an issue that attracts global attention from educational practitioners. The SDG 5 data shows that the world is not on track to achieve gender equality by 2030. Women’s representation in positions of power and decision-making remains below parity. Women’s participation in government, research, and resource management remains far from equitable to that of men. It is with this background that this study sought to investigate the relationship between social-cultural factors and women's involvement in higher educational leadership in Mogadishu, Somalia. The social feminist theory is employed to theoretically anchor the study. Pearson's correlational design was employed. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequencies, and percentages were used while Pearson correlational analysis was used to establish correlations. The findings revealed that social-cultural factors (r = -0.631, p<0.05) had a negative and significant relationship with women's participation in higher educational leadership. The study concluded that social and cultural factors contribute significantly to the decrease in women's participation in higher educational leadership in Somalia. The study recommends that university management should discourage gender stereotyping when it comes to leadership by encouraging and training employees to adopt a universal leadership mindset.
Contextual Limitations in Sandra Harding's Epistemological Framework and How They Can be Overcome
Authors: Mulwa Beatrice Jannie , Magero Jacob , Oyigo Josephat
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to investigate the contextual constraints in Sandra Harding's epistemology and suggest methods to get around them. The standpoint theory developed by Harding highlights the significance of taking historical, social, and cultural contexts into account when producing knowledge. This strategy essentializes and homogenizes various experiences and viewpoints. The study offers potential solutions to these constraints by critically examining the drawbacks of intersectionality and feminist standpoint theory. This entails embracing a more nuanced understanding of power dynamics, encouraging inclusive and diverse viewpoints, and acknowledging the complexities of multiple intersecting identities. The study aims to strengthen and enhance Harding's epistemology by addressing its contextual limitations and promoting a more equitable and inclusive approach to knowledge production. To achieve this goal, this study employs the laws of thought: three guiding principles: the non-contradiction rule, the excluded middle, and the identity principle. The study is primarily a conceptual analysis that proceeded by library study, employing the typical philosophical argumentation approach of evaluation, analysis, synthesis, reflection, and philosophical speculation. By highlighting the weaknesses of Harding's epistemology and suggesting possible remedies, this study contributes to a broader debate on the potential limitations of epistemology. It offers insights into developing more robust epistemological frameworks that promote social justice and inclusivity in knowledge inquiries, practices, and justification.
Influence of Strategic Human Capital Development on the Performance of Tourism Organizations in Tanzania
Authors: Mweta Gervas Abel , Kiula Mwirigi , Naikuru Susan
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The study aimed to determine the influence of strategic human capital development on the performance of tourism organizations in Tanzania.
Methodology: The study employed cross-sectional survey design to achieve the objective. The target population of this study included private and public tourism-related organizations with their umbrella organizations such as Government boards, Authorities, and Associations. A total number of registered and licensed tourism organizations that had more than 10 years was 1005. The researcher sampled 280 respondents from 140 organizations that included all categories established in this study. Data was collected using both primary and secondary procedures which were analyzed by statistical tools aided by the SPSS program. Reliability of the questions was done by use of Cronbach’s alpha where the adequate threshold was considered. A normality test was done for dependent variable to aid subsequent analysis. Factor analysis was also done to reduce the qualitative data to a meaningful size. Logit model analysis was used to understand the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variables.
Results: Logistic regression model was statistically significant, χ2(1) = .747, p < .05. Results revealed that strategic human capital plays a sensitive role in influencing the tourism performance in organizations.
Conclusion: The study concluded that human capital plays a contributory role in the performance of tourism in the country. It was expected that strategic human capital will play a unique role in growth of revenue in the organization hence return on investment is realized. Therefore, the results marked a strong relationship that exists between strategic human capital and the performance of tourism in Tanzania.
Work-Life Balance Practices and Employee Performance in Public Universities in Kenya
Authors: Agunda Monica Achieng , Were Susan , Mboya Millicent Atieno
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The study examines the influence of work-life balance practices on the employee performance of public universities in Kenya.  The specific objective is to find out how work-life balance constructs (work-family conflict, flexible work arrangements, stress, burnout, psychosocial support) influence employee performance at public universities. 
Methodology: Descriptive survey design was used guided by Spill over theory, and a positivism philosophy. The target population of the study comprised all employees in 30 accredited public universities in Kenya with a total population of 35,502 employees. A sample size of 385 employees was obtained using the statistical formula of Fisher for calculating sample size and respondents were chosen using a stratified random sampling technique.
Results: The study found that there was a significant positive correlation between work-life balance and employee performance with a regression coefficient of (β = .844, p ˂ .000). Work-life balance constructs accounted for 71.1% variation in employee performance.  This means that when work-life balance practices are well managed, employee performance is likely to increase. 
Conclusion: The study recommends that public universities in Kenya should focus on improving their work life balance practices to improve their employee performance.
Effect of Strategic Leadership on Organizational Performance of Universities in Kenya
Authors: Lengingiro Alfred Nchana , Kanyuru Ruth , Kanyiri Adel
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The performance of universities in Kenya holds paramount importance due to their significant role in driving socio-economic development. These universities have to continually teach students and prepare them adequately for the job market and economic and social development. The study sought to establish the effect of strategic leadership on organizational performance of universities in Kenya. The study was guided by strategic leadership theory.
Methodology: The research design for the study was descriptive. The population of the study was the 77 universities in Kenya, with the target population being 6 universities out of the 77, including 3 public and 3 private universities. This was a census study as the population was small and easily reachable. The study used mixed methods in data collection. Structured questionnaires were issued to the heads of departments, and interviews were conducted with the deans of students of the universities. A pilot study was conducted at Egerton University. Descriptive statistics were applied to the quantitative data, and correlation results were used to test the hypothesis. To evaluate the reliability of the data collection instruments, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was calculated.
Results: The Pearson correlation coefficient for strategic leadership was r=0.764** at p< 0.000. The results indicated a strong positive correlation between strategic leadership and organizational performance of universities in Kenya. Therefore, organizational performance significantly affects organizational performance, hence the null hypothesis is rejected.
Conclusion and Recommendations: This study observed that a clear vision and direction for the organization's future and strategic planning enhances performance and contributes to effective decision-making processes that positively influence organizational outcomes. Additionally, a leadership that effectively communicates and aligns employees with the overall strategy and goals promotes an environment of adaptability and innovation. Ministry of Education, specifically the Department of Higher Education, should develop appropriate strategies and guidelines to amplify the performance of universities. The ministry, through the Commission for higher education, may enact the recommendations of the study to enhance performance of universities.
The Contribution of Religious Instruction to the Contemporary Challenges of Central African Republic Youth: A case study of FATEB Secondary School
Authors: Dongobada Romaric Didacien
Published: October 2024

This article explores the contribution of the teaching of religious instruction in the lives of students at the FATEB Evangelical Secondary School in the face of the challenges that young people are going through today. Data were collected through interviews with teachers and students, and from unpublished sources. The FATEB secondary school was created to allow student pastors and their wives to follow classes well while their children are taken care of in the classrooms. With the military-political crises that have shaken the country, parents of students have preferred to enroll their children in FATEB schools. This is what has driven the FATEB schools to grow. Very early on, the religious instruction course was included in the curriculum of the student's training in addition to the official curriculum developed by the Ministry of National Education. However, the pastors who teach the religious instruction course have an aptitude for the pastoral side. The data showed that they lack professionalism on the pedagogical side. The ministry of these teachers has contributed spiritually as some conversions to Christ are recorded and also some students have changed their behavior. However, much remains to be done to improve the contribution of the teaching of the Religious Instruction course in the lives of these students. Some suggestions and recommendations were made towards the end of the article to achieve these results.
The Influence of Change Communication on Organizational Performance of Isiolo County Government, Kenya
Authors: Katelo Stephen Sora , Rintari Nancy , Kambura Susan
Published: October 2024

Purpose: To examine the influence of change communication on organizational performance of Isiolo County government, Kenya.
Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design and targeted 42 directors, 61 managers, and 1,702 staff in sixteen departments of Isiolo County government. Therefore, a sample size of 36 directors, 50 managers, and 239 staff, was selected using a simple random sampling method. Additionally, quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaires and a pre-test study done in Marsabit County. Face, content, and criterion validities were examined and Cronbach coefficient was used to measure reliability. Additionally, the data was entered in SPSS version 24 for report generation. The study conducted descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, and mean. The inferential statistics that were conducted were correlation and multiple regression. Notably, data was presented using tables and explanations.
Results: The findings of the questionnaire indicated that 113(43%) of the respondents strongly agreed and 91(35%) agreed on a mean of 4.22 that there were well-established channels of communication used to relay information on strategic changes in departments. In addition, 102(39%) strongly agreed and 88(34%) agreed on a mean of 4.08 that the key message on change of strategies is always emphasized. Nevertheless, 100(38%) of the participants strongly disagreed and 82(31%) disagreed on a mean of 2.26 that there was an open policy whereby the staff were encouraged to give their feedback. The Pearson correlation coefficient was r=0.883 at α < 0.002 and 99% significance level. Therefore, since the correlation coefficient was less than 1 and p-value was less than 0.05, the study rejected the null hypothesis.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the strategic managers at the county level had ensured that the changes made were conveniently communicated to all staff bearing clear information on what was to change. However, the study noted that the management gave limited or no room for feedback from the staff regarding the changed strategies. The study recommends that the management should develop policy frameworks that allow communication feedback. This will allow the staff to provide their opinion on the suitability of the strategic change management.
The Strategies Adopted in Addressing the Challenges Facing the Girl Child Education in Liberia: A case of Arcelor Mittal School System, Yekepa Town
Authors: Bryant Corrie Wrepoandeh , Mungathia Dr. Florence Muthoni , Mauki Dr. Mercy Muthiga
Published: October 2024

The education of girls continues to be a concern in many parts of the world, including Liberia. In West Africa, the region where Liberia is located, it is widely thought that educating a girl child is unnecessary. Regardless of the differing viewpoints held by various individuals in different regions; education remains a basic human right based on the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Particularly the girl child, who has been falling behind owing to a variety of causes like prejudice and negative traditions. This study aimed to explore the strategies adopted by the Arcelor Mittal School System (AMSS) in addressing the challenges facing girl child education. The objective of the study was to explore the strategies adopted in addressing the challenges facing girl child education by the Arcelor Mittal School System. The study was anchored on functionalism and symbolic interactionism theory. The research design was a mixed method and the researcher applied the case study approach for the qualitative component and the survey approach for the quantitative component. The study was conducted in Yekepa town, Nimba County, Republic of Liberia. Data was gathered by use of questionnaires and interview guides. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 was used to analyze the quantitative data while web Qualitative Data Analysis (webQDA) was used to analyze the qualitative data. The study found that some of the strategies that AMSS employed were to employ more female teachers and offer education subsidies and scholarships to have the girls remain in school. The study recommended that the school should develop and expand scholarship programs tailored for girls, extending financial support to those who have been part of the school for an extended period. This could alleviate economic challenges and encourage long-term commitment; the government should make a collaborative effort to alleviate poverty as it is the underlying cause of the numerous challenges that the girl child faces in acquiring education. Finally, AMSS should continue fostering a sense of belonging through recognition and honors for high-performing girls and consider expanding initiatives that celebrate achievements, promoting a positive and inclusive school culture.
The Impact of “Kekweimet” on Christian Beliefs and Practices Among the Keiyo Community of Kenya
Authors: Siwa Salome B. , Kitur Catherine , Mutua Henry
Published: October 2024

African religious practice constitutes an important component of the social and religious makeup and the cycle of harmony in the community. Despite the introduction of Christianity, most African communities have sustained cultural practices, some of which contrast with Christian beliefs. The main aim of this research was to evaluate the persistence of the cleansing ritual of Kekweimet among the Keiyo people of Kenya. This inquiry also sought to understand the social and religious implications of this cleansing ritual on the Keiyo Christians. A qualitative ethnographic approach was used for the study with a target sample size of 95 participants in Kapkei village on the Keiyo Border. Interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data and a thematic strategy was adopted for data analysis. The findings of the study revealed that Kekweimet was an important collective cleansing ritual still practiced by Keiyo Christians. The ritual process was meant to cleanse, remove bitterness in the grieving family, and repair the relationship between the clan of the deceased and the one who had committed murder. From the setting, there was a strong interaction between the Keiyo Christians and the cleansing ritual because of the involvement of church elders and the use of Christian-based prayer. The researcher determined that despite the constructive outcomes of Kekweimet the practice among Keiyo Christians surmounted syncretism and risked leading the faithful away from the Christian Faith.
Faculty-Student Mentorship Effects on Faith-Learning Integration: A Comparative Study of Residential and Open and Distance Learning Programs in Selected Christian Universities in Kenya
Authors: Koske Stanley Kiplang’at
Published: October 2024

Being the organizing paradigm and the unique hallmark for the life and mission of Christian higher educational institutions, faith-learning integration (FLI) has dominated educational research for several decades, whilst, a limited body of empirical studies that focus on faculty and students’ perspectives on its implementation currently exists. What is more, most researches on FLI are skewed toward students in traditional residential studies programs (RSP).  This situation exists against the backdrop of the phenomenal growth of Christian higher educational institutions offering their academic programs via open and distance learning programs (ODLP). Based on these issues, the present study was poised to investigate the extent to which faculty-student mentorship affects FLI in RSP compared to the effects of ODLP in selected Christian universities in Kenya. This comparison was analyzed based on Randall Lehmann Sorenson’s attachment theory with the view to addressing the problem of whether or not the extent of faculty-student mentorship effects on FLI in the two programs were similar.  This study employed a cross-sectional survey research design. Three Christian universities in Kenya were purposely selected to participate in the study, namely: Africa Nazarene University, (ANU), Daystar University (DU), and Kenya Methodist University (KeMU). The target population was students enrolled in the Bachelor of Education Secondary Option (BEd SO) program and faculty members teaching in the program. A total of 613 residential and 113 ODL students were randomly sampled, whereas, 12 full-time faculty members were purposely selected to participate in the study.  Mailed and self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection. Validation of the instruments was carried out before they were tested using the split-half technique for reliability. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics aided by contingency tables, percentages, and a Chi-square test of independence with the view to responding to two research questions. One null hypothesis was tested using a Chi-square test of independence at 0.05 level of significance with 2 degrees of freedom. The result of this analysis revealed that faculty mentorship effects on students’ learning integration in RSP are significantly different from students’ learning integration in ODLP.  Major recommendations included the need for faculty in the selected Christian universities to develop close and dynamic mentoring relationships with students both in RSP and ODLP equally. There was also a need for faculty to creatively adopt effective FLI strategies to have a positive and transformative impact on students’ learning integration in the ODLP.
Leadership and the Higher Education Context
Authors: Kedemi Joyce Lihemo
Published: October 2024

In higher education, successful organizational performance, innovation, and institutional culture molding all depend on effective leadership. This review of the literature delves into the complex aspects of leadership in the context of higher education, looking at how it affects professors, faculty, staff, students, and organizational results. The review explores the changing role of leaders in fostering diversity, inclusivity, and academic performance by synthesizing recent findings. It also tackles the particular difficulties faced by academic leaders, like negotiating faculty governance, handling financial restraints, and adjusting to rapidly evolving technology environments. This review intends to offer insightful information to administrators and scholars who are looking to improve leadership effectiveness and meet the changing demands of contemporary universities. It does this by analyzing these opportunities and difficulties.
Antisocial Behaviours that are More Prevalent Among Children with Complicated Grief in Selected Public Primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Omucheni Priscillah Ndunge , Mwenje Margaret , Kamunyu Ruth
Published: October 2024

The inability of children to comprehend and process death due to factors like chronological age, attachment of the child to the deceased, nature of death, and family support, might lead to delayed or prolonged grief processes resulting in complicated grief (CG). Complicated grief in a child’s life can affect his/her social and cognitive functioning manifesting in antisocial behaviours. This study aimed to find out antisocial behaviours that are more prevalent among children with complicated grief in selected public primary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. This study was guided by Attachment Theory. Multistage sampling, purposive sampling, inclusion, and exclusion criteria were used to select 259 pupils aged 10-13 years who had lost a loved one in the last year. Purposive sampling was also used to select 22 class teachers of the bereaved pupils who participated in the study. The study employed a convergent mixed-method design. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires (SDQ, ICG, and STAB) and interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS Version 25.0. The findings indicated that the most prevalent antisocial behaviour was social aggression with an aggregated mean of 3.01. The findings indicated that antisocial behaviours were common among children with CG as well as those without.  The most prevalent antisocial behaviour among children who had lost a loved one was social aggression. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education should introduce a school-based counseling program incorporating grief intervention techniques and recommend trained counselors who do not double up as teachers to be school counselors to negate dual relationships. Public Primary schools are encouraged to develop several training programs to help teachers understand how to intervene and foster resiliency in their students who have experienced grief.
Rethinking Higher Education in Africa: Benefits of Formative Feedback in Enhancing Student Learning
Authors: Aligula Edward
Published: October 2024

Formative feedback plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality of student learning in higher education. This study presents a comprehensive exploration of the benefits of formative feedback in higher education, utilizing a literature review methodology. Drawing on the social-cultural learning theory and Kolb’s reflective learning models, the study reviews empirical research. The findings from the literature analysis reveal that formative feedback significantly improves students' understanding of course material, fosters a more active learning environment, and promotes self-regulated learning. Despite the clear advantages, the study also acknowledges challenges such as time constraints and the need for professional development to effectively implement formative feedback. Formative feedback, distinguished by its ongoing nature and focus on actionable insights, is examined for its role in enhancing student learning outcomes. The study concludes with practical recommendations for educators and institutions, advocating for the integration of formative feedback as a standard practice to support student learning. This research underscores the transformative potential of formative feedback in higher education and calls for ongoing exploration to further optimize its application.
Contradiction in Kant’s Hierarchical Racism and Egalitarian Humanism
Authors: Ndole Philip Ochieng , Magero Jacob , Namwambah Tom
Published: October 2024

Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), a prominent and influential German Enlightenment philosopher, believes that white people are superior to non-white people. He divides mankind into four groups: "white" (Europeans), "yellow" (Asians), "black" (Africans), and "red" (American Indians). Kant claims that other races, except the white race, are unable to acquire moral maturity due to a lack of talent (a gift of nature). He argues that whites themselves have all the motivation and talents, while blacks can receive education, but only as slaves. Native Americans cannot receive an education, they don't care about anything, they are lazy. This contradicts his egalitarian humanism. He proposes the belief in universal democracy and categorical moral imperative, where he argues that everyone should be seen and treated as “ends”, not as means to an end. One should also act as one would want all other people to act towards him or her, and according to the maxim one would wish the action to be a universal law. This paper adopts the laws of thought, that is, the principle of identity, the principle of non-contradiction, and the principle of excluded middle to interrogate and evaluate the consistent tenability of Kantian hierarchical racism on one side and egalitarian humanism, espoused in categorical imperative, on the other side. The conclusion is that there is a contradiction.
Effect of utilization of VFTs on teaching and learning History and Government in Murang’a County in Kenya
Authors: Mutabari Laichena Edward , Ondigi Samson Rosana , Miima Florence Abuyeka
Published: October 2024

The adoption of Virtual Field Trips (VFTs) as a teaching method has provided opportunities for learners to virtually visit historical sites for learning. However, the effects of utilization of VFTs in instruction on students' performance in History and Government had not been sufficiently researched and documented in Kenya. Therefore, the essence the study was to establish how use of VFTs in teaching and learning affects learners' academic performance in History and Government in Murang’a County in Kenya. The study was guided by Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge Theory and adopted a Quasi-Experimental Design targeting 35 public sub-county secondary schools with a target population of 3,329 respondents. Schools and teachers were purposively sampled while learners were randomly selected. A sample size of 372 respondents made up of teachers and form one learners of History and Government took part in the study. Research instruments used were learners’ questionnaires, interview schedules for teachers, History and Government Assessment Tests, and classroom observation schedules. Piloting was done on all research instruments and reliability accepted r=0.657. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze data for descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that use of VFTs significantly affected learners' academic performance at t (365) = 15.50, p=0.00. The study recommended teacher training institutions to equip teacher trainees with skills to exploit VFTs in teaching. A VFT teaching guideline was developed to assist teachers in preparation and use of VFTs for instructional purposes to improve teaching and learning for better academic performance.
Parenting Practices as Predictors of Problem Behaviours among Form Two Students in Embu County, Kenya
Authors: Ngari Evalusia Mukami , Mawang Dr. Lucy , Ngunu Dr. Susan
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Problematic behavior in high school is a problem that needs to be addressed. The few studies done have not yet concluded what is the major predictor of problem behaviours in secondary schools. This study focused on parenting practices as predictors of problem behaviour among form two students in Mbeere South Sub-County, Embu County. The research was anchored on social learning theory.
Methodology: A correlational research design was employed in this study. The study population consisted of 18-day schools and 14 boarding schools in Mbeere South Sub County. The target respondents were 8822 form two students. A sample size of 383 students was selected using simple random sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. 
Results: The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between parenting practices and problem behaviour.
Conclusion: The study concluded that parenting practices such as parental behavioural control, parental psychological control, parental warmth, and parental acceptance are negative predictors of problem behaviour of students. It was suggested that parents should strive to express parental warmth to their children. Parents should also express acceptance to their children by way of helping them manage stress and problem-solving, helping them with things they are unable to do, and complimenting them. Further, parents are advised not to express too much control over their children.
Ideas of physical education of the younger generation in works of classic writers of Russian literature of the XIX - early XX centuries
Authors: Sleptsova Tat'yana Vasil'evna
Published: October 2024

The upbringing of the younger generation as one of the urgent socio-cultural problems of mankind described in the works of thinkers of Antiquity, the Renaissance and Enlightenment by foreign and domestic authors of the 19th-20th centuries. In the paradigm of the upbringing of the younger generation the emphasis is on a comprehensively developed personality that embodies the unity of the spiritual, intellectual and physical principles. The subject of research is the ideas of physical education of the younger generation, reflected in the storylines of the works of art of the Russian literature classics. The purpose of the study is to actualize the ideas of physical education reflected in the works of Russian classics of the 19th – early 20th centuries, in the context of the problem of harmonious personal development. The used methodology of the interdisciplinary approach determines the inclusion in the study of an analysis of examples from the works of L. N. Tolstoy, A. P. Chekhov, I. A. Bunin, A. I. Kuprin, G. I. Uspensky, V. V. Nabokov, etc. illustrating the reflection of the phenomenon of physical culture and sports in Russian literature. The author concludes that the texts of works of art reflect an understanding of the positive impact of physical education and sports on the comprehensive harmonious development of the individual, and therefore the experience of the past can be considered as positive. In educational institutions of prerevolutionary Russia, as well as in noble families, the issues of physical education and the development of the younger generation were of great importance in the formation of the need for a healthy lifestyle, active leisure, and health promotion.
Seroprevalence of TORCH Infection in Paediatric Population and Women of Reproductive Age Group: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chaudhary Radhika , Patel Sangram Singh , Sinha Richa , Tejan Nidhi , Arya Akshay , Sahu Chinmoy
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The acronym ‘TORCH’ complex includes infections due to Toxoplasma gondii, as well as others such as Syphilis, Hepatitis B, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), respectively. Primary infections due to these agents during pregnancy are associated with congenital malformations in newborns. Seroprevalence data is important to gather estimates of immunity levels, vaccination status, as well as levels of exposure, and will correlate with the risk of acquiring infections during pregnancy. Aim: To determine the seroprevalence of TORCH infections in paediatric populations with suspected clinical conditions and women of reproductive age group, and also to assess the associated risk factors in mothers and newborns, and evaluate their clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2019 and January 2022 in the Serology laboratory of the Department of Microbiology at the Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of 92 consecutive antenatal females for whom TORCH antibody levels were determined and 343 suspected neonatal/paediatric populations were included in the study. The serum samples were subjected to IgM and IgG TORCH Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Demographic data and clinical details of patients were analysed from the Hospital Information System (HIS) and data records maintained in the department. Categorical variables are expressed as numbers and percentages. Results: A total of 435 samples (343 paediatric and 92 women) were screened for TORCH infection in the laboratory. A total of 57 (13.1%) were seropositive for TORCH infection. The most commonly affected were infants (28 days- 1 year). Among the total screened population, the positive cases of CMV were 40 (9.1%), rubella 11 (2.5%), and toxoplasma 6 (1.3%). Biliary Atresia (BA) and neonatal cholestasis were the most common clinical conditions associated with CMV infection. Conclusion: A high seroprevalence of IgM-specific CMV (9.1%) was observed in the present study. BA and neonatal cholestasis were the common complications in neonates associated with CMV infection.
Spectrum of Neonatal Surgical Emergencies at a Government Tertiary Care Centre in Madhya Pradesh: An Observational Study
Authors: Mathur Vinay , Singh Umesh Bahadur , Garg Dileep , Grover Jitendra Kumar , Gaur Ajay
Published: October 2024

Introduction: This impoverished region of India, where the majority of the population suffers from poverty and malnourishment, lacks data regarding the epidemiological pattern for surgical congenital abnormalities to date. Hence, there is a dire need to gather epidemiological data on newborn surgical emergencies, which has been lacking. Aim: To study the epidemiological data of neonatal patients requiring emergency surgery and to evaluate the variables affecting morbidity and mortality in emergency newborn surgery cases. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was carried out at Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India from October 2018 to August 2022. Case records of emergency surgical interventions in neonates presenting to the Emergency Department under the age of 30 days of life were reviewed. The outcomes, postoperative morbidity, and mortality were noted. The data was presented descriptively using frequency and percentages. Results: In the present study, the male-to-female ratio was 1:1.2, the mean age was 4.9 days±4.1 days, and the mean birth weight was 2025±635 grams. Anorectal Malformations (ARM), 178 (37.71%) and Oesophageal Atresia (EA), 133 (27.8%) were the most prevalent congenital abnormalities in the current investigation, followed by other congenital gastrointestinal anomalies. Nonetheless, the remarkably elevated prevalence of pouch colon among patients with ARM deserves particular attention. In compared to a well- prepared Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), an inadequately equipped Sick Newborn Care Unit (SNCU) with a small nursing staff represents inadequate infrastructure for the management of a surgical neonatal emergency. Conclusion: The majority of patients died from postoperative septicaemias, accounting for 35.5% of the mortality rate among these neonates who underwent emergency surgery. A large percentage of infant mortality in underdeveloped nations like India might be avoided with proper perioperative care, especially for surgical infants.
Predictability of Umbilical Cord Serum Bilirubin in Estimating the Risk of Hyperbilirubinemia in Term Neonates with ABO Incompatibility- A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bansal Anuradha , Bansal Kabir , Sud Noopur , Singh Jatinder
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a significant cause of morbidity among term neonates. Delayed follow- up of newborns may lead to considerable morbidity and encephalopathy. High bilirubin levels may necessitate exchange transfusion, especially in infants with ABO or Rh blood incompatibility. Measurement of Umbilical Cord Bilirubin (UCB) is an easily available, inexpensive and non invasive method to predict the development of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. Aim: To determine the predictive value of UCB in estimating the risk of subsequent hyperbilirubinemia in term neonates with ABO incompatibility and to establish a UCB cut-off associated with the risk of hyperbilirubinemia development. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at the Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) in Jalandhar, Punjab, India, from June 2022 to March 2023. A total of 113 term babies born to O+ mothers were included in the study. At the time of delivery, cord blood was drawn from the placental side of the cord for blood group, Direct Coomb’s Test (DCT), and serum bilirubin analysis. Infants were followed-up every 12 hours while inpatient and every 48 hours after discharge until day 5 for assessment of clinical jaundice. Significant hyperbilirubinemia was managed with phototherapy according to American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP) guidelines. The data was collected and subjected to statistical analysis using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 software, with a significance level set at p-value <0.05, utilising Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: A total of 113 term neonates were enrolled in the study, of which 57 (50.4%) were females. The mean cord bilirubin level was 2.6±1.06 mg/dL. A total of 40 (35.3%) babies developed significant jaundice requiring phototherapy, with a mean highest bilirubin level of 15±3.2 mg/dL. Using a cord bilirubin level of ≥2.0 mg/dL, significant hyperbilirubinemia could be predicted with a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 54%, positive predictive value of 57.97%, and negative predictive value of 75%. There was a positive correlation between cord bilirubin and postnatal serum bilirubin in the present study, as determined by ROC analysis {Area Under Curve (AUC) >0.5}. Conclusion: The present study concluded that UCB is an important predictor of significant hyperbilirubinemia occurrence in newborns with ABO incompatibility.
Unravelling Anaesthetic Challenges in Neonate with Cavernous Haemangioma: A Case Report
Authors: Monika . , Madhu . , Malik Urmi , Neha . , Shiva Sahil
Published: October 2024

Haemangiomas are developmental vascular abnormalities characterised by hyperplasia of blood vessels, usually veins and capillaries. Haemangiomas show a higher prevalence in females. More than 50% of lesions are found in the head and neck region, with a particular preponderance over the face, lips, buccal mucosa, tongue, palate, and trunk. The aetiology can be neoplastic or reactive, influenced by factors such as hormones, infections, and trauma. Large lingual vascular malformations may present with obstructive symptoms, including difficulty in breathing, chewing, swallowing, and speech, which can lead to delays in linguistic development and compromised airway function. Haemangiomas are more susceptible to trauma, which can result in bleeding and further compromise the airway. Typically, this kind of presentation is managed conservatively until obstructive symptoms arise, at which point surgical removal or local site steroid instillation is considered. Here, a case of a 28-day-old child with a cavernous haemangioma of the tongue who was scheduled for excision and instillation of Kenacort injection at the base of the tongue has been reported. Due to the child’s small age and the presence of a lingual mass, the use of intravenous anaesthetic agents was precluded. In this case, because of the non-availability of a paediatric fibreoptic bronchoscope, blind nasal intubation was considered for securing the airway. Managing a compromised airway is a challenging situation, even for an experienced anaesthesiologist, in a routine operating room set-up. However, maintaining spontaneous ventilation is a crucial element during general anaesthesia.
Advances in Cell Therapy Using Rabbit Models for Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Xavier Maria Vitória da Silva , Lima Bruna Larissa Bernardo de , Silva José Sérgio Herculano Gomes da , Morais Elton Santos Guedes de , Palma Mariza Brandão , Soares Anísio Francisco
Published: October 2024

Cell therapy represents an innovative and promising approach to treating debilitating conditions, and animal testing on rabbits has played a crucial role in advancing this therapy. The objective of this manuscript aims to review the literature on the use of lagomorphs in cell therapy studies. The Pubmed and ScienceDirect databases were used, with the descriptors: Cell therapy and experimentation in rabbits; rabbits and cell therapy. After an initial retrieval of 1799 articles, those that did not specifically address the use of rabbits in cell therapy or were unrelated to the scope of this review were excluded. This resulted in a final selection of 21 articles. The present work presents a broad and distinct view of cell therapy and its different applicability, presenting a promising framework for animal experimentation in rabbits, and the advantages of using this animal model.
Assessment of Different Nutrient Combination on the Performance of Maize (Zea mays L) in North Indian Plains
Authors: Sharma Renuka , Rawat Anupama , Bhatt Pallavi , Gaurav Kumar , Pathak Vivek K , Pandey Aishwarya , Bhaguna Divya
Published: October 2024

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2023 at the Agriculture Research Farm, Graphic Era Hill University, Uttarakhand. Surface soil (0-15 cm) of the experiment field was sandy loam in texture, low organic carbon (0.39%), medium in available nitrogen (157 kg h-1), medium in available phosphorus (15.5 kg ha-1) and medium in available potassium (112.6 kg ha-1) with neutral soil reaction (pH 7.4). The experiment consisted of eleven treatments viz., 100% NPK (T1), 100% N (T2), 100% P (T3), 100% K (T4), 100% NP (T5), 100% NK (T6), 100% PK (T7), 100% NPK + VC 5 t ha -1 (T8), 100% + Azotobactor (T9), 100% + VC 5 t ha -1 + Azotobactor (T10), Control (T11). Each treatment was replicated thrice and constituted total of 33 plots. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD). The variety used for the field experiment was K-55. The results of the field experiment reported that the effect of different treatments was significant on growth and productivity of maize. Significantly higher emergence count m-2 (9 m-2) of maize was obtained with the application of 100% NPK + VC @ 5t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T10). Maximum plant height (102.07 cm, 155.02 cm and 225.87 cm) was observed under treatment 100% NPK + VC @ 5t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T10) at 30, 45 and 60 days of sowing, respectively. It also produced highest dry matter m-2 (556.56 g, 1023.20 g, and 2062.00 g, respectively at 30 DAS, 45 DAS and 60 DAS). Application of vermicompost along with Azotobacter and chemical fertilizer produced maximum number of leaves per plant (4.05, 8.87 and 14.20 at 30 DAS, 45 DAS and 60 DAS, respectively). Application of 100% NPK + VC @ 5t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T10) resulted in significant improvement in yield attributes and yield of maize compared to other treatments. The maximum grain yield (59.93 q ha-1) and straw yield (69.90q ha-1) was produced under 100% NPK + VC @ 5t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T10). Moreover, adoption of different nutrient combinations resulted in improving the economic status of the farmer. Significantly higher B: C ratio of 1.90 was recorded for 100% NPK + VC @ 5t ha -1 + Azotobacter (T10) and it was 14.45 % higher than that for 100 % NPK (T1). Hence, it is concluded that application of 100% NPK + VC 5 t ha -1 + Azotobacter exhibited higher growth and yield along with B: C ratio.
Building Maintenance Deficit: Evidence from Public Polytechnics in South-East, Nigeria
Authors: Azubuike Odenigbo, Oliver
Published: October 2024

Higher education institutions in Nigeria significantly rely on the adequacy of existing physical facilities as a success factor for indoor space audit, academic rating, certification and carrying capacity. However, there has been a growing concern over the deferred maintenance backlogs in tertiary education institutions in Nigeria due to the stylized notion of maintenance as a cost item rather than investment. This backward-looking perception has contributed to unwholesome maintenance practices leading to inadequate maintenance plan, insufficient maintenance budget, paucity of technical staff, poor integration of information technology, lack of stakeholders’ participation and insecurity. Though there is available literature on the subject, the problems of maintenance have remained and continued to persist. The study examined the challenges of building maintenance in public polytechnics in South-East, Nigeria and attempted to proffer solutions to them. The investigation embarked on physical inspection of the facilities of some polytechnics in South-East, Nigeria. While from a population of 11 polytechnics, samples of 6 were randomly selected and studied covering directors of budget and planning, directors of works and services, heads of maintenance unit of the selected public institutions. Analytical techniques employed was exploratory factor analysis mechanism. The findings of this work show that all the factor groups contribute significantly to building maintenance with average loading of staffing (0.847), data and information management (0.780), maintenance policy (0.807) and technical related issues (0.849). The study recommends a maintenance framework that will positively integrate all the group factors to enhance building efficiency in public polytechnics in Nigeria.