bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parodia y utopía. La sinagoga degli iconoclasti y sus precursores
Authors: Pérez Pérez Manuel J.
Published: December 2021

Georges Bataille destacó la inutilidad como característica primordial de la poesía en oposición a la noción burguesa de productividad. La narrativa de Juan Rodolfo Wilcock vindica la improductividad como principio de soberanía de la literatura y concibe el lenguaje poético como delirio, fiesta y exceso. En su obra La sinagoga degli iconoclasti confluyen una visión paródica de la ciencia y una concepción escéptica del mundo fruto de la compleja relación entre las palabras y las cosas. Considerando la propensión al fracaso como rasgo esencial de toda utopía, este ensayo analiza las correspondencias entre los iconoclastas de Wilcock y sus célebres precursores a los que Borges dedicó algunos de sus textos más memorables.
Errores léxicos en la interlengua de aprendientes L2. Un estudio contrastivo italiano y español
Authors: Barbasán Ortuño Inmaculada
Published: December 2021

Este estudio tiene como objetivo el análisis de errores léxicos en la expresión escrita de los discentes que aprenden lenguas afines, en concreto el español por parte de aprendientes italófonos y el italiano por parte de aprendientes hispanófonos. La investigación se aborda desde una perspectiva lingüística de carácter contrastivo que tiene como referencias principales, por un lado, el enfoque del Análisis de Errores y la hipótesis de la Interlengua y, por otro, diferentes estudios contrastivos clásicos y modernos tanto de lenguas afines como no afines. A continuación, ofrecemos una propuesta de clasificación de errores léxicos, basada en la adaptación de modelos ya existentes, que nos ayuda a establecer su naturaleza según dos criterios interrelacionados: en primer lugar, si son interlingüísticos o intralingüísticos y, en segundo término, si son de forma o de significado. Para concluir, ofrecemos el cómputo estadístico de resultados, que señala que, por una parte, en ambos grupos el porcentaje de errores interlingüísticos es superior al de intralingüísticos y, por otra, el porcentaje de errores de forma es superior al de significado. La interpretación de estos datos nos muestra indicios de la existencia de patrones comunes en el aprendizaje de ambas lenguas afines.
Música y masculinidad en los círculos intelectuales de la Mallorca finisecular a través de la prensa
Authors: Gallego Cañellas Eugenia
Published: December 2021

Tras los cambios industriales y políticos, y la expansión de las clases burguesa propias de mediados del siglo XIX, se propiciaron nuevas construcciones de género vinculadas al surgimiento de las clases trabajadoras, donde el hombre fue el eje central de la economía y la mujer quedaba relegada a la esfera doméstica. Estos cambios sociales y culturales implicaron, a su vez, un cambio de paradigma en la vida profesional del músico. Tras la amenaza de ser equiparado a cualquier trabajador, el artista impulsó un reconocimiento de su labor, transformándose en un intelectual enfrentado a los hábitos sociales dominantes. Para ello el músico utilizó la prensa como aliado y propició un asociacionismo entre artistas, de carácter masculino y privado. Este artículo pretende analizar la masculinidad en las relaciones de los hombres de clase acomodada a través del asociacionismo musical en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX en Mallorca, utilizando la crítica musical como fuente principal.
ENSAIO ACERCA DA DESCOLONIALIDADE DO SUJEITO DE CONHECIMENTO MODERNO ATRAVÉS DAS CATEGORIAS GEOGRÁFICAS DE LUGAR E TERRITÓRIO
Authors: Franco Eduardo , Chaveiro Eguimar Felício
Published: December 2021

Na filosofia e nas ciências modernas o sujeito do conhecimento é neutro, não está no mundo concreto, não tem lugar. Geografizar o sujeito de conhecimento, revelar seu lugar de enunciação e posicionamento territorial é um movimento que destrona a suposta neutralidade e revela o eurocentrismo inerente aos saberes hegemônicos. Descolonizar o sujeito de conhecimento a partir de categorias geográficas possibilita a compreensão dos processos emergindo da concretude, dos exemplos dos lugares, que revelam sobre si e sobre o todo. Se cada lugar possibilita perspectivas singulares, o saber emana de múltiplas fontes e o intelectual precisa ser consciente da sua limitação perante a infinidade epistêmica, para permitir a ecologia dos saberes. Este ensaio busca traçar um panorama do processo de descolonialidade dos sujeitos de conhecimento e relacioná-lo às categorias geográficas de Lugar e Território.
NOVOS OLHARES SOBRE O PROCESSO HISTÓRICO DE CRIAÇÃO DE ÁREAS PROTEGIDAS NO MUNDO: OS DISCURSOS DISSONANTES E AS CATEGORIAS DA IUCN
Authors: Romeiro Clara Mascarenhas , Machado Gontijo Bernardo
Published: December 2021

Áreas protegidas são territórios criados com o objetivo de garantir a manutenção da biodiversidade. Desde a criação das primeiras áreas protegidas até hoje os significados a ela atribuídos foram se modificando, sendo o processo histórico de criação desses territórios tema bastante consolidado no meio acadêmico. Este artigo busca levantar novas perspectivas sobre a evolução da instituição de áreas protegidas no mundo, pontuando que tal processo não se deu de forma linear, mas sim por meio da incorporação de diversos discursos dissonantes e historicamente construídos, que se expressam nas diversas categorias da IUCN. A metodologia empregada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica. Durante o artigo foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os marcos históricos da criação de áreas protegidas e as transformações nas sensibilidades ambientais vinculadas a esse processo. Foram identificadas 5 correntes do pensamento ambientalista: preservacionismo romântico, conservacionismo, desenvolvimento sustentável, movimento por justiça ambiental e conservação da biodiversidade. Nossas análises apontam como cada uma das 5 categorias de áreas protegidas da IUCN reflete uma ou mais dessas correntes do pensamento ambientalistas aqui identificadas.
Export von (Militär-)Musikinstrumenten von Berlin nach Zentral- und Südamerika um 1900
Authors: Breternitz Christian
Published: December 2021

The article outlines the significance of Prussian military music of the 19th and early 20th centuries in an international context. It focuses on deliveries of musical instruments and sheet music by the Berlin company C. W. Moritz to Central and South America around 1900. The delivery lists of 1897/98 for the Colombian military bands show that they were equipped according to the Prussian model, which goes back to the ideas of Wilhelm Wieprecht. He reformed and standardised the Prussian military music system between the 1830s and 1860s, thus creating the basis for its success. The sheet music enclosed with the musical instruments gives an insight into the popular musical taste of the period around 1900, which was increasingly introduced to Central and South America. Future research will ask what impact such imports of music and musical instruments had on the development of music in Central and South America. (Vorlage)
A comparative analysis of the stress-strain state of disc specimens in assessing the structural strength of materials
Authors: Tsvik L.B. , Zenkov E.V.
Published: December 2021

A study of the stress-strain state (SSS) of disc specimens has been conducted when testing specimens with stress concentrators (grooves). The research has shown that the truncation of circular discs along two symmetrical chords makes it possible to change the type (the ratio of principal stresses) of SSS that occurs at the destruction site. Therefore, these specimens can be used to assess the structural strength of materials on standard single-drive testing machines, taking into account the real type of SSS that occurs in the bearing elements of machines. The results of numerical SSS modeling have been used to build the dependences of the SSS type and level on geometric parameters of specimens. Geometrical parameters can be chosen for a certain SSS type to assess both the static and fatigue strengths of materials used in the manufacture of bearing elements.
Prediction of tensile strength of fused deposition modeling (FDM) printed PLA using classic laminate theory
Authors: Rajpurohit Shilpesh R. , Dave Harshit K. , Rajurkar Kamlakar P.
Published: December 2021

The application of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is restricted due to limited information about the mechanical properties of printed parts. Therefore, it is required to determine the mechanical properties of the FDM properties to avail the full benefit of the FDM process. In the present study, Classic Laminate Theory (CLT) has been employed at the different configurations of layer thickness and raster width. The required elastic constant of material for CLT has been experimentally obtained through FDM printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) unidirectional specimens at 0°, 45° and 90° for different combinations of layer height and raster width. For these different combinations of layer height and raster width, constitutive models were developed to predict the tensile properties of the PLA parts. Tensile strength of the FDM printed bi-directional specimens has been experimentally obtained to validate the proposed CLT model results. The experimental tensile strength data is in good agreement with the data predicted by the proposed CLT model. Higher tensile strength and modulus were achieved with 0° raster angle compared to 90° raster angle. In the case of a bi-directional printed specimen, higher tensile strength was obtained with 45°/-45° raster angle followed by 30°/-60° and 0°/90° raster angle.
Spontanious luxation of the lens in Marfan syndrome
Authors:   Department A of Ophthalmology, Mohammed V University Souissi, Rabat, Morocco., S Benchakroun , N Taouri ,   Department A of Ophthalmology, Mohammed V University Souissi, Rabat, Morocco., B Azarkan ,   Department A of Ophthalmology, Mohammed V University Souissi, Rabat, Morocco., A Tagmouti ,   Department A of Ophthalmology, Mohammed V University Souissi, Rabat, Morocco., LO Cherkaoui ,   Department A of Ophthalmology, Mohammed V University Souissi, Rabat, Morocco.
Published: December 2021

We report the case of a 22-year-old-man, who presented to the ophthalmic emergencies for decreased visual acuity since 2 days. The clinical examination found visual acuity reduced to counting fingers in the right eye and 3/10 in the left eye. and an anterior lens dislocation in the right eye, while the examination of the left eye after pupillary dilation, revealed lens dislocation in the superonasal direction and absence of zonules from 2 to 5 o’ clock position. The posterior segment examination was normal in both eyes. Otherwise, on general examination we noticed Marfan syndrome characteristic. In our case of the retained diagnosis was Marfan syndrome. The first clinical description was in 1896 by Antoine-Bernard-Jean Marfan [1], which is a rare genetic disease, that touch the conjunctive tissue of many organs, as well the eye that can present many abnormalities as: Ectopia lentis in 50-80%, which is commonly bilateral and many other manifestations also can be seen [2,3].
A mimic of a STEMI in an elderly male patient at emergency department requiring no stent
Authors:   Emergency Department, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, UK., Wanigabadu Lagath , Choyi Jithesh ,   Acute Medicine Department, Princess Royal University Hospital King’s College trust London, UK., Ahmadvazi Shahram ,   Cardiology Department, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, UK., Justice Sarah ,   Cardiology Department, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, UK., Khalil Abdalla ,   Acute Medicine Department, Princess Royal University Hospital King’s College trust London, UK.
Published: December 2021

An elderly male patient presented with chest pain and an initially abnormal ECG, with 1 mm ST elevation in the lateral leads. As he was pain free on arrival, he was treated locally, where a coronary angiography showed no stenosis and echocardiography showed apical ballooning which indicated Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TC). On further questioning, he indicated he has been worrying about his son’s financial circumstances. Patients with TC can present with a history and an ECG resembling and indistinguishable from ST-elevation Myocardial infarction or other types of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS).
Prophylaxis and treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients
Authors:   Vascular Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Arak medical university, Iran., Shojaee Reza , Matloub Saeed Karimi ,   Qom University of Medical Sciences, Iran., Matloub Rasool Karimi ,   Arak University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
Published: December 2021

In 2019, a completely unique pneumonia, called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), spread rapidly throughout the planet. This novel global pandemic severely threatened public respiratory health and medical services. To date, apart from the common respiratory symptoms, coagulation disorders, especially Pulmonary Thromboembolism (PTE), has been proven as a crucial complication in severe COVID-19 patients, and therefore the incidence of PTE causes poor clinical outcome and increased fatality. Therefore, it’s important that healthcare providers, including respiratory physicians, medicine specialists, hematologists, cardiologists, communicable disease specialists, and other specialists, recognize that patients with COVID-19 are at increased risk of PTE, and make sure that appropriate prophylaxis is run to the acceptable patients, which they effectively manage PTE when it does occur. The mechanism of PTE in patients with coronavirus pneumonia consists of endothelial injury, activated platelet, cytokine storm, and a suppressed fibrinolytic system. Early prophylaxis, antiviral therapy, anticoagulation, and supportive treatment are beneficial to COVID-19 patients. In this review, we summarize the harm that coronavirus pneumonia wreaks and highlight the clinical relationship between PTE and coronavirus infection. The potential mechanism and therefore the prophylaxis and therapeutic measures also are discussed to involve more effort and research to research the strategies for PTE in COVID-19.
Lens coloboma secondary to neglected buphthalmos
Authors:   Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, Delhi, India., Banerjee Mousumi
Published: December 2021

A 36-year-old male presented with progressive diminution of vision OS for 3 months. He was a known case of bilateral congenital glaucoma who underwent trabeculectomy at 6 months and 5 years of age OD and OS respectively. Best corrected visual acuity was 6/24 OD and 1/60 OS. Slit lamp examination revealed bilateral Haab striae (Figure 1a) with lens subluxation OS evident by the scalloped border of the lens with broken zonules in the superonasal quadrant and lens coloboma in the inferonasal quadrant with the absence of zonules (Figure 1b,c,d). A posterior subcapsular cataract was also noted OS. Advanced glaucomatous optic nerve cupping was noted OU. An intraocular pressure of 10 mm Hg OD and 16 mm Hg OS was noted. Biometry documented an axial length of 26.30 mm OD and 28.75 mm OS with a keratometry of 42.50D/46.50D @20˚/110˚OD and 37.75D/40.00D @ 45˚/135˚OS. Ultrasound bio-microscopy depicted increased sphericity of the lens with broken zonules OS (Figure 1e).
An Exploratory Analysis of Scripps Spelling Bee Winners, 1925–2019: Is There Evidence of Asian American Overrepresentation?
Authors: Hartlep Nicholas D. , Ball Daisy B. , Wells Kevin E. , Wilk Hannah M. , Hensley Brandon O.
Published: December 2021

The model minority stereotype of Asian Americans, especially South Asian Americans, is central to society’s characterization of them as precocial spellers. The Scripps National Spelling Bee is a prestigious event where the best spellers from across the United States face off in a high-stakes and highly-televised spelling competition. In this article, the researchers analyze the demographic and geographic characteristics of the winners of this competition. Included in the analyses are responses to questions such as: Are Scripps National Spelling Bee winners more likely to be males or females? Asians or non-Asians? And, what is the average age of winners? Results show that the demographic backgrounds of Scripps National Spelling Bee winners have changed over time, most acutely during the 1980s. Although Asian Americans have been winning the Scripps National Spelling Bee in record numbers in recent years, we problematize both the characterization that they are overrepresented as winners, and the characterization that they are “model minorities.”
The Grapes of Wrath
Authors: Diver Alice , Bradshaw with Jules
Published: December 2021

The novel's central focus allows it to seek compassion for displaced, vulnerable groups. This does not detract from its complexity: it remains a well-crafted, increasingly relevant work, worthy of the praise, criticism, and controversies that continue to surround it. By documenting the harsh realities of the era, the novel calls to mind, however, those UN Country Reports that describe and denounce avoidable landscapes of poverty, hunger, homelessness, and dispossession against a framework of human rights law and policy. The novel's prescient warnings encompass not only the humanitarian crises brought about by climate change and unethical commercial practices, but also the ongoing global atrocities (wars, corrupt regimes, ethnic cleansing, and displacement of populations) that still serve to spark and underpin refugee existence and a chronic disregard for human dignity. As such, it requires the reader to judge those responsible and to evaluate the failings of the various global and domestic systems that enable and perpetuate such rights violations. The final scene, rich with symbolism, arguably, serves almost as quasi-courtroom: readers must serve as jurors rather than silent witnesses, if only to apportion blame for all that has gone before (or indeed continues to happen, almost a century later).
Epidemiological overview of hospitalization for multiple sclerosis in Brazil from 2015 to 2019
Authors: Aragão Maria Clara Leite , Filardi Giovanna Souza , Brito Katharina Andrade de , Ribeiro Felipe Fróes Batista , Moraes Giovana Aquino de , Silva Laila Borges Santos , Almeida Mateus Ribeiro de
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune and progressive pathology, is it the primary demyelinating disease of the nervous system and the most frequent in the world. Therefore, becomes relevant set the epidemiological profile of MS in Brazil aiming to understand hospitalization dynamics and evolution of disease. Objective and Methods: To analyze epidemiological profile hospitalization for MS in Brazil, from 2015 to 2019. An epidemiological, retrospective, descriptive study was realized through the Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS/ DATASUS), from 2015 to 2019. Categories used: sex, color/race and age group. It is not required appreciation by the Research Ethics Committee for using publics information, without identifying the participants. Results: In Brazil, from 2015 to 2019, 18.536 hospitalizations happened for MS, having growth from 2015 (n=2.083) to 2018 (n=4.755), with a decrease in 2019 (n=4.021). Southeast had higher percentual (66,98%, n=12.416), South (13,95%, n=2.585), Midwest (10,65%, n=1.965), Northeast (6,42%, n=1.190) and North (2%, n=370). The most of hospitalization it is in the age of 20 to 49 years (75%, n=13.892), with prevalence in females (69,8%, n=12.941), over males (30,2%, n=5.595) and proportion 2,31W:1M. White color is majority (53,7%, n=9.951), grayish-brown (24,8%, n=4.597) and indigenous people (0.005%, n=1). Conclusion: It was realized prevalence of hospitalization in women, of color white, age between 20-49 years, from Southeast. It urgent the importance of investigation, forward diagnostic and treatment of that pathology in country, to try decrease to the maximum injury affected population.
1923 – 1945 YILLARI ARASINDA GERÇEKLEŞEN DIŞ GÖÇLER
Authors: OĞUZ UZUNER Şebnem
Published: December 2021

İnsanlık tarihi ile birlikte başlayan göç hareketi, en genel tanımı ile insanın, varoluşundan itibaren birçok nedenden dolayı yaşadığı yerden, gönüllü ya da zorunlu, kısa ya da uzun süreli olarak ayrılmış, başka bir yere gitmiş olmasıdır. Anadolu toprakları, tarih boyunca büyüklü küçüklü göç hareketlerine zaman zaman yol olmuş, zaman zaman da bu göçlerin ev sahipliğini yapmıştır. Göçlerle medeniyetler yıkılmış, yenileri yükselmiştir. Aynı zamanda kültürler, diller değişmiş ve birbirlerinden etkilenerek kimi zaman zenginleşmiş, kimi zaman da asimile olmuştur. Osmanlı Devleti’nin kuruluşundan, Cumhuriyet dönemine kadar birçok göçün yaşandığı Anadolu’nun, kültürel gelişimi de birbirinden farklı toplulukların bir arada yaşayabilme kabiliyetleri sayesinde gerçekleşmiştir. 1923’de Cumhuriyet’in ilan edildiği tarihten itibaren günümüze kadar Türkiye’ye farklı ülkelerden gelen, göçmen, mübadil ve sığınanlar, hükümetlerin, hem idari hem de ekonomik bakımdan, gündeminin önemli konuları içinde yer almışlardır. Bu çalışmanın sınırlarını belirleyen 1923 – 1945 yılları arasında 174.999 kişinin göç ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Söz konusu dönemde, Bulgaristan, Yugoslavya, Romanya, Yunanistan’dan Türkiye’ye yapılan göçlerin nedenleri, göç edilen ülkelerdeki hayat koşulları, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin konu ile ilgili aldığı tedbirler, uyguladığı politika ile göçmenlerin yaşadıkları sorunlar incelenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Current Trends of the European Union Integration Policy As a Reaction to the Refugee and Migrant Crisis 2015
Authors: Kiner Andrej
Published: December 2021

Investing any resources and energy in integration policies today could contribute to making the European Union a more prosperous, cohesive, and inclusive place for society. However, notwithstanding the efforts made, third-country nationals continue to fare worse than domestic citizens in terms of employment, education, and social inclusion outcomes. The article examines and subsequently reviews various trends in integrating foreigners (primarily third-countries nationals and asylum seekers) on social and economic level after the outbreak of migrant and refugee crisis in 2015 until the present day. Our research suggests that the concerned group of immigrants continue to face barriers in the education system, on the labour market, and in accessing decent housing and adequate health care. All of the aforementioned aspects have become the main focus of all parties involved. Through funding, initiatives, and specific measures undertaken by both the EU and Member States with NGOs strengthen and support integration across key policy areas, albeit deficiencies are still observed.
Essay Writing as a Skill. What is Graded and How
Authors:   Institure of Literature, BAS, Panov Alexander
Published: December 2021

This article analyzes the problems that arise in the measurement and grading of writing skills in one of the main genres of school-level texts – the essay. After analyzing the current grading criteria according to the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science (MES), the author reaches the conclusion that an adequate and objective grading scale is possible only after we have clearly deﬁned the criteria that constitute the competence of essay writing. The author’s main proposition is that this competence is dual in its nature – on the one hand, it is content-related, and on the other – communication-related. Neither of these two competences is deﬁned clearly enough in the current educational criteria. The article describes in detail all aspects of the essay writing competence and offers a clear working algorithm. Hence the author offers the idea that an adequate grading scale can only be created if one follows the classic rhetorical scheme which describes the three main components of any discourse formation – inventio, dispositio, and elocutio. A practical measurement and grading scale is proposed. Its usage would grant two major advantages: it would allow the authorities to assess the students’ results adequately and objectively, and it would frame a clear and systematic working algorithm for the acquisition of essay writing skills. According to Bulgarian school programs, this competence is supposed to be taught for four entire years within the two high-school stages of the secondary education.
Level of Formation of Sociolinguistic and Sociocultural Competences in the Pupils in Primary School in their Parents’ Opinion
Authors:   Sofia University, Valeva Teodora
Published: December 2021

A survey was conducted with parents of pupils in the primary classes in the country, which aims to study the parents’ opinions, attitudes, relations towards the formation of sociоlinguistic and sociocultural competences in their children.
The Competency Based Approach in Bulgarian Language and Literature Primary Learning Teaching
Authors:   Sofia University, Ivanova Neli
Published: December 2021

The problem of the formation of competencies in Bulgarian language and literature at the primary stage of education is interpreted in the article. The main focus is on the teacher’s methodical approach in the process of Bulgarian language and literature teaching in the context of the application of the competency based approach in Bulgarian language and literature learning-teaching.
Misvaluation: On the Bulgarian Verbs подценявам ‘Underestimate’ and надценявам ‘Overestimate’, their Semantic Structure and Translation into Russian
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ivanova Elena , Eremchenko Alexandra
Published: December 2021

The article examines the semantic structure of the two Bulgarian verbs of misvaluation, подценявам ‘underestimate’ and надценявам ‘overestimate’. Attention is drawn to the ambivalence of their position in the semantic typology of predicates, notably their features/traits stemming from the presence of an interpretive component. With reference to the Bulgarian National Corpus, the article outlines the most common options for ﬁlling the positions of the participants and the main contexts in which the verbs occur. Some issues in translation into Russian are shown, which exist despite the availability of full equivalents in the target language.
Tactics and Strategy of Translating Terms into Bulgarian (in Comparrison with Russian and Serbian)
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Stoyanova Radostina
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the various tactics and strategies for translating scientiﬁc terminology into Bulgarian against the background of Russian and Serbian. Different tactics for the concept of translation strategy are presented. An analysis of a number of similar difficulties for all three Slavic languages, which could be encountered in the translation of terminological units, has been made.
Os Desafios do Estatuto da Cidade frente à inflexão ultra liberal e o desmonte da política urbana brasileira
Authors: Filho João Telmo de Oliveira , Ribeiro Tarcyla Fidalgo
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo abordar e discutir algumas das recentes iniciativas legislativas que buscam alterar a legislação urbanística brasileira, em especial o capítulo da política urbana na Constituição Federal de 1988 e às diretrizes e princípios da política urbana presentes no Estatuto da Cidade (Lei 10.257/01). Inicia discutindo os princípios e diretrizes da política urbana na Constituição Federal de 1988 e no Estatuto da Cidade e as recentes alterações na legislação urbanística e na política urbana. Inclui a análise das principais iniciativas legislativas divididas entre normas aprovadas e projetos legislativos em tramitação no Congresso Nacional, a partir do ano de 2017, fundados na alteração da política fundiária e na disseminação do princípio da liberdade econômica na ordem urbana nacional. Entre as normas aprovadas estão a Lei 13.465/17; Lei 13.813/19; Lei 14.011/20, a Medida Provisória n. 910/18 convertida no Projeto de Lei 2633/20 – a “MP da Grilagem”. Entre os projetos em tramitação analisados estão a Proposta de Emenda à Constituição n. 80/19, o Projeto de Lei 413/2019 e a Resolução CGSIM n. 64/20, do Ministério da Economia. Como conclusão, algumas considerações e apontamentos sobre essas iniciativas e tendências no âmbito da política urbana brasileira.
Entrevista com Edésio Fernandes
Authors: Afonsin Betânia , Saule Júnior Nelson
Published: December 2021

Entrevista com Edésio Fernandes
Elaboração e análise física de sobremesa láctea do tipo mousse adicionada de farinha do resíduo de frutas
Authors: OLIVEIRA N. D. , OLIVEIRA P. D. F. , PONTES E. D. S. , MEDEIROS M. R. G. , VIERA V. B.
Published: December 2021

O Brasil é um grande produtor de diversos tipos de frutas que são utilizadas em larga escala pelas indústrias, consequentemente, uma quantidade elevada de resíduos orgânicos é gerada. Na maioria das vezes, eles são descartados, embora possuam considerado valor nutricional, como é o caso do maracujá e abacaxi. O que poderia ser minimizado através da sua inserção no processo de fabricação de diversos tipos de produtos como sucos, sorvetes, bolos e sobremesas em geral. A exemplo do mousse, uma sobremesa láctea cada vez mais consumida e com ampla aceitabilidade. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se elaborar sobremesas lácteas do tipo mousse adicionado de diferentes tipos de farinhas das cascas de maracujá e abacaxi para avaliar a composição física. Foram desenvolvidas duas formulações de sobremesa láctea tipo mousse (MFA e MFM) adicionada de farinha da casca de abacaxi e maracujá respectivamente. Realizou-se a análise física (sem utilização de reagente) de umidade, cinzas, pH e atividade de água. Os resultados encontrados variaram de 65-60% (umidade), 0,81-1,10 (cinzas), 0,966-0,976 (atividade de água) e 5,7-4,6 (pH) para os mousses MFA e MFM respectivamente. Analisar esses parâmetros é de suma importância para a indústria alimentícia, pois baseado no conhecimento da composição do produto, pode-se garantir um melhor controle de qualidade. Permitindo uma maior estabilidade e conservação e, por conseguinte, ofertar um produto mais seguro ao consumidor. Pode-se concluir que ambas formulações obtiveram características físicas satisfatórias, podendo ser uma alternativa a inserção de casca de abacaxi e maracujá em sobremesa láctea.
Processamento e caracterização físico-químicas de fermentados alcoólicos de acerola e hibisco
Authors: SOUSA T. M. S. , SOUSA S. F. , SILVA B. T. O. , ALBUQUERQUE K. G. S. , BEZERRA FILHO W. F. S.
Published: December 2021

Fermentado de fruta é a bebida com graduação alcoólica entre 4% e 14% (v/v). Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo formular e caracterizar físico-quimicamente as bebidas mistas a partir da polpa de acerola e da infusão do hibisco, antes e após o processo de fermentação. Foram realizadas as seguintes determinações nas amostras obtidas: sólidos solúveis totais, pH, acidez total titulável, rátio, teor de água, cinzas e teor alcoólico. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a polpa de acerola apresentou teor de sólidos solúveis inferiores ao especificado pela legislação vigente, devido à adição de água durante o processamento. As amostras analisadas foram classificadas como sendo “muito ácidas” (pH<4). A acidez total titulável e o rátio não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas nas formulações antes do processo de fermentação. Após o processo fermentativo, as bebidas apresentaram redução dos sólidos solúveis totais, pH e rátio, ao passo que o teor alcóolico ficou entre 5,41 a 5,89% (v/v). Desta forma, as bebidas fermentadas mistas de acerola e hibisco apresentaram conformidade com a Legislação brasileira, estando aptas para o consumo, apresentando características sensoriais próprias das matérias-primas que as compõem.
Wild Edible Plant Diversity in Pinus gerardiana Wall. ex D. Don Forests of Kinnaur District, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Joginder , Rajasekaran A. , Negi A. , Panwar Vijender
Published: December 2021

Wild edible plant species diversity in Pinus gerardiana forests of district Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh was assessed following quadrat method using stratified random sampling. A total of 55 plant species comprising of five trees, 21 shrubs and 29 herb species have been recorded in the study area. Out of the total recorded plant species, 54.55 per cent were edible and 45.45 per cent were non-edible. Among trees, P. gerardiana was recorded with the highest density of 206.77 trees/ha, basal area of 22.43 m2/ha and IVI value of 252.81. Among edible shrubs a rarely used plant, Daphne oleoides was the most dominant species with highest density (0.21 bushes/9m2), frequency (21.23%) and IVI (71.55). In case of herbs, Thymus serphyllum had the highest density of 2.91 individuals/m2, frequency (12.04%) and IVI (31.57). During the present study, it has been observed that the P. gerardiana is an important commercial tree species exploited for its edible nuts. However due to over-exploitation, grazing, habitat degradation and other biotic threats its natural regeneration is dwindling. Besides this important natural resource, other species viz., Prunus persica, Berberis aristata, Elaeagnus umbellata, Chenopodium album, Pyhtolacca acinosa etc., also have market potential, however adequate emphasis has not been laid on their propagation and conservation. The results also revealed that many wild species are under growing pressures from various anthropogenic factors. Therefore, it is suggested that large-scale awareness programmes on wild edible plants should be initiated and these species should be included in the forestry/rural plantation programmes. Further, propagation plan needs to be developed on important wild edible plant species and people should be encouraged to grow these wild edible plants of commercial importance which will reduce the pressure on the wild populations growing in the forest areas.
Seed biology, dormancy and phenophases of seed germination of three rare Himalayan herbs
Authors: Sharma B. , Singh Lal , Kaur Maninder
Published: December 2021

The three of the Astavarga (8) species, Lilium polyphyllum (Kshirakakoli), Polygonatum verticillatum (Meda) and P. cirrhifolium (Mahameda), were included in the study. The seed viability test showed very low viability (22.5%) for L. polyphyllum, which was improved by hand pollination. These species possessed seed dormancy from 28 days to over two years. Gibberelic acid treatments of 1000 and 2000 ppm in combination with scarification of soaked seeds gave species specific results for breaking seed dormancy. The species included were described to have deep simple epicotyls morpho-physiological type of dormancy. They were found to have peculiar phenophases of seed germination, which have been discussed in detail along with diagrams.
THE NATURE OF CHANGES IN THE HEMODYNAMICS OF THE EYES OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ANTERIOR IDIOPATHIC UVEITIS COMPLICATED BY OPTIC NEURITIS WITH TRANSITION TO ATROPHY
Authors: Kovtun O. V. , Venger L. V. , Khramenko N. І.
Published: December 2021

Aim. To determine the nature and direction of changes in the hemodynamics of the eyes of patients with chronic anterior idiopathic uveitis complicated by optic neuritis with transition to atrophy. Materials and methods. The study involved 18 people with chronic anterior idiopathic uveitis complicated by optic neuritis with transition to atrophy. Ophthalmological (ophthalmoscopy, biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure, perimetry, visual acuity with maximum correction) and electrophysiological (volumetric pulse blood filling, vascular tone of the eye, volumetric blood flow rate) studies were performed before and after treatment for a year. The treatment was carried out according to the protocol: at the first visit — non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, immunosuppressant, corticosteroids and immunomodulatory; with subsequent — metabolic and vitamin therapy, physiotherapy. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistic 12. 0 software. The t-test of Student and Wilcoxon was used. Research results. As a result of treatment, the visual functions of patients are improved: the number of people with higher visual acuity is increasing. In the period up to 6 months after treatment, the number of patients with low visual acuity (0.12–0.5) decreased from 94.4 to 50 %; in 11 of 13 visual acuity increased to 0.3–0.5 (66.7 % of all subjects). A year after the treatment, the visual acuity in the diseased eyes remained the same. The study of eye hemodynamics showed a significant (p<0. 000) increase in all parameters in the diseased eye relative to the healthy one before treatment: volumetric pulse blood filling — by 64.8; the tone of large eye vessels — by 10.1, small — by 17.5; the rate of volumetric pulse blood filling — by 37.8 %. Comparative analysis of the hemodynamic data of sick eyes at different periods after treatment revealed a significant decrease in volumetric pulse blood filling to 66.4 and 52.4 %, the rate of volumetric pulse blood filling to 60. 2 and 44. 4 %. A decrease in the tone of large vessels by 3.1 and 6.4 %, and small — up to 94.6 and 92.7 % at the time of up to six months and up to a year relative to the initial data (p <0.000 in all cases). Conclusions 1. As a result of treatment, the visual functions in the diseased eye improve without deteriorating until a year after treatment. 2. Before treatment, hemodynamic indices are increased (p<0.000) in the diseased eye relative to the healthy one. 3. Six and 12 months after treatment, the volumetric pulse blood filling, the rate of volumetric pulse blood filling, the tone of large and small vessels were significantly reduced relative to the initial data.
Treatment with Oral Appliances in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Srivastava Palak
Published: December 2021

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder caused by a number of factors like an obstruction of the upper airway during sleep because of insufficient motor tone of the tongue and/or airway dilator muscles or inadequate growth of the maxillary jaw bone etc. Oral appliances (OAs) are commonly used as a non-invasive treatment for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The primary oral appliance (OA) used in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treatment is the mandibular advancement device (MAD). Tongue-retaining devices or tongue-stabilizing devices (TSDs) are a second type of OA, which displace the tongue anteriorly and may be customized or come in different stock sizes. This review article aims to examine the best in class on this particular subject of treatment of OSA with oral appliances, explaining acceptability of an appliance in patients on the basis of its construction and results, while providing enough cognizance regarding the diagnosis, management and causes of discontinuation.
Some dynamical aspects of meso-scale rainfall events as revealed by physical initialization
Authors: BHOWMIK S.K. ROY
Published: December 2021

In recent years, physical initialization has emerged as a powerful tool to improve initial state of dynamical model during assimilation phase. This improved initial state at high resolution global spectral model is able to provide a tropical meso-scale coverage. In this paper, model out-put is used to study some dynamical aspects of meso-scale rainfall events. Major findings of this study are : (i) Meso-scale rainfall event carries a distinct dynamic structure in vertical profiles of divergence and vertical upward motion, (ii) Meso-scale event exhibits a large diurnal variation in these vertical profiles and (iii) Vertical motion field of meso-scale organisation appears to play a significant role in tropical storm formation.
Relationship of mean temperatures with screen temperatures
Authors: SHEKH A. M. , KULSHRESHTHA M.S. , PATEL H. R. , PARMAR R. S.
Published: December 2021

An attempt has been made to study the variation in daily mean temperatures obtained from maximum and minimum temperatures and that obtained from hourly temperatures recorded by the automatic weather station at the Agrometeorological Observatory, Anand (Gujarat).

 

The mean temperatures obtained from the records of daily maximum and minimum temperatures were higher and fluctuated from -1.5 to 1.5 °C during the months of September to May as compared to the respective values obtained from hourly temperatures recorded by the automatic weather station. However, during May to September, these daily mean temperatures were found to be higher than mean temperatures obtained from the automatic weather station. Different coefficients were deduced from the records of the automatic weather station to estimate the hourly temperatures and a model was developed similar to that of William and Logan (1981). The hourly temperatures and the daily mean temperatures so estimated were in good agreement with the respective actual hourly and daily temperatures record by the automatic weather station.

Therefore, by using this model one could estimate the true daily mean temperature from the records of maximum and minimum temperatures.
Cosine response of pyranometers – Measurements at Pune
Authors: KANADE V.V. , ABHYANKAR V.V. , PRABHU S.V. , DESIKAN V.
Published: December 2021

Among the various characteristics that determine the overall accuracy and  performance of a pyranometer, the strict adherence to the cosine law is an important one. But this cosine response is difficult to realize and to correct for, The cosine response of various types of pyranormeters available at Pune was determined on the optical set up in Central Radiation Laboratory. The results of these studies are presented briefly.
Model calculations of non-cloud radiative forcing due to anthropogenic sulphate aerosol
Authors: RAJEEVAN M.
Published: December 2021

Anthropogenic sulphate aerosol particles scatter incoming solar radiation thereby perturbing the radiative budget, hence climate. We have used a three dimensional radiative transfer model together with the sulphate concentration fields simulated by two independent chemistry-transport models to calculate the annual cycle of the radiative forcing due to anthropogenic sulphate aerosol. The calculated forcing pattern shows large peaks over the eastern United States, southeast Europe and eastern China. The calculated annual global-mean radiative forcing is -0.50 Wm-2 for Langner and Rodhe (1991) data and -0.49 Wm-2 for Penner et el. [1994 (a&b)] data. The forcing was found to vary with season, with a larger forcing during northern hemispheric summer than winter. Sulphate aerosol also appreciably perturbs the lower tropospheric heating rates over northern hemispheric mid-latitudes. The forcing was also found to be sensitive to the global cloud cover and to the optical properties of the aerosol. The possible sources of the differences in magnitude with previous estimates are discussed. Over northern hemispheric mid-latitudes, the negative radiative forcing due to the direct effect of aerosols appreciably offsets the positive forcing due to increase in greenhouse gases.

A 26-layer radiative-convective model (RCM) was also used to examine the equilibrium temperature profiles due to sulphate aerosols and increase in greenhouse gases. It was found that the effect of sulphate aerosols is the cooling of surface-troposphere system. Sulphate aerosols reduce the tropospheric warming and enhance the stratospheric cooling caused by increase in greenhouse gases.
Determination of fractal dimension of chaotic at tractor for Maximum temperature over Madras
Authors: SURESH R.
Published: December 2021

The dimensions of attractors of daily maximum temperature (during March-May) recorded by the two observatories of Madras, viz., Nungarnbakkarn and Meenambakkarn are estimated from phase space trajectories by the method of deterministic chaos, The dimensions provide the basic information on the minimum number of parameters required to understand the complex dynamical system and also the upper bound (degrees of freedom) of such parameters that are sufficient to model the system, The fractal dimension for the weather event, viz. maximum temperature over Madras is between 3.5 and 3.9 suggesting 4 parameters are necessary to model the system and a maximum of 19 parameters are sufficient.
Aerosol - cloud - climate effect : Study with a radiative transfer model
Authors: RAJEEVAN M.
Published: December 2021

The indirect radiative forcing (through the enhancement of cloud albedo) due to anthropogenic sulphate aerosols was calculated using a three-dimensional radiative transfer model. The calculations were made with diurnal and seasonal cycles and three-dimensional distributions of sulphate aerosol concentration data. The globally averaged annual mean indirect forcing is estimated to be -1.13 Wm-2 which is comparable with the recent General Circulation Model calculations. This forcing of -1.13 Wm-2 is compared with 2.12 Wm-2 due to increase in greenhouse gases from the pre-industrial period to the present. This indirect forcing due to anthropogenic aerosol is substantially higher than the warming effect due to gases over the industrial regions in the northern hemisphere, so that the net radiative forcing over these regions is negative. i.e., cooling. Some uncertainties in the estimation of the indirect forcing that needs further research are pointed out.
Effective terrestrial radiant energy at the ground at Pune
Authors: DESIKAN V. , CHIVATE V. R.
Published: December 2021

The effective outgoing terrestrial radiant energy controls the variations in other meteorological parameters near the ground surface. In the absence of direct measurements of this energy, the values are derived from other radiation parameters that are being measured at Pune.        On an average day the loss of this terrestrial energy is of the order of 8.5 MJm-2. The maximum of        12.53 MJm-2 is reached in April and the minimum of 3.87 MJm-2 during August. The daily maximum occurs at noon or just after that. Year-to-year variations however depend on the rainfall distribution and the moisture in the air.
Comparison of quasi-biennial oscillations of stratospheric winds and atmospheric temperatures at different altitudes
Authors: KANE R. P.
Published: December 2021

During 1959-89, the 12-month running means of 50 hPa zonal winds, the average atmospheric temperatures in the northern and southern hemisphere at four altitude slabs (950 hPa, 850- 300 hPa, 300-100 hPa and 100-50 hPa), Pacific and Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) and-30hPa temperatures at North Pole and average for (10°-90° N), all showed quasi-biennial oscillations (QBO). However, whereas the wind QBO had an average spacing of 29 months, only temperatures at 300-100 hPa and Atlantic SST had similar average spacing. Other temperatures as also SO index (represented by Tahiti minus Darwin atmospheric pressure) had larger average spacing. Spectral analysis showed that whereas wind QBO had only one prominent peak at T=2.33 years, other parameters had weak QBOs near T=2.5-2.6 years except Pacific SST and 30 hPa North Pole temperature which had small peaks near T=2.3 years. All the temperatures had prominent peaks in the 3-6 year region which matched with similar peaks in the SO index. There is some indication that stratospheric wind QBO had some relation with parameters at all altitudes in tropics and with North Pole, while ENSO had considerable influence at other latitudes/altitudes.
Effect of monsoon depression of east coast at some distant region in west
Authors: LAL ASOI , SUNDAR R. S.
Published: December 2021

Whenever a vortex or system of low or depression forms over head bay during Monsoon months, the west coast experiences heavy rainfall. These heavy rainfall occurrences are usually higher than the normal rainfall. An attempt has been made in this study to visualise the easterly wave model during monsoon months with the help of satellite imageries. The rain is expected heavy and wide spread over Madhya Maharashtra and South Gujarat when third sector of the wave covers these areas, as visualised in satellite wave and depression or vortex lies in the 5th or 6th sector of the wave.