bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plantas medicinais referenciadas por raizeiros no município de Jataí, estado de Goiás
Authors: SOUZA L.F. , DIAS R.F. , GUILHERME F.A.G. , COELHO C.P.
Published: July 2016

RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou pesquisar as plantas medicinais referenciadas por raizeiros do município de Jataí-GO, evidenciando o Valor de Uso Reportado (VUR) e a conexão com os níveis filogenéticos atuais. Com cerca de 200 anos de história, Jataí localiza-se no Planalto Central do Brasil, Sudoeste de Goiás (17°52’53’’S e 51°42’52’’W), tendo atualmente, como principal fonte de renda o agronegócio. Para a seleção dos raizeiros e coleta dos dados aplicou-se o método bola de neve e a técnica de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Determinou-se a etnoespécie, parte usada, uso, modo de preparo, sintomas / doenças relacionando aos sistemas corporais. Foram reportadas 515 referências etnobotânicas para 112 etnoespécies principalmente dos clados Fabídeas, Lamídeas, e Campanulídeas. Sobressaíram as etnoespécies Pé-de-perdiz (Croton antisyphilliticus), Sangra-dágua (C. urucurana), Pau-terra-de-folha-larga (Qualea grandiflora), Erva-de-Santa Maria (Chenopodium album), Amaro-leite (Operculina alata), Algodãozinho-do-campo (Cochlospermum regium), Cavalinha (Equisetum hiemale) e Jaborandi (Piper aduncum), com VUR maior que 10. Os sistemas corporais mais importantes com relação ao número de etnoespécies relatadas foram respiratório, digestivo, circulatório e tegumentar. As etnoespécies mais versáteis em uso nos sistemas corporais foram Copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii), Pé-de-perdiz (Croton antisyphiliticus), Cavalinha (Equisetum hiemale), Alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis) e Fruta-de-lobo (Solanum paniculatum). A prática da medicina tradicional em Jataí evidencia a conexão entre a escolha de plantas e os níveis filogenéticos derivados. Algumas destas etnoespécies estão na listagem de plantas medicinais que o Ministério da Saúde do Brasil escolheu para a realização de monografias, fato que fortalece o valor do conhecimento do uso da flora nas práticas da medicina tradicional.
Rendimento, composição química e atividades antimicrobiana e antioxidante do óleo essencial de folhas de Campomanesia adamantium submetidas a diferentes métodos de secagem
Authors: OLIVEIRA J.D. , ALVES C.C.F. , MIRANDA M.L.D. , MARTINS C.H.G. , SILVA T.S. , AMBROSIO M.A.L.V. , ALVES J.M. , SILVA J.P.
Published: July 2016

RESUMO Campomanesia adamantium é muito utilizada na medicina popular no tratamento de hipertensão, reumatismo e diabetes. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o rendimento, a composição química, e as atividades antimicrobiana e antioxidante do óleo essencial de folhas de C. adamantium submetidas a diferentes métodos e tempos de secagem. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com oito tratamentos e três repetições. O óleo essencial foi extraído por hidrodestilação das folhas e analisado por CG-EM. O tipo de secagem das folhas de C. adamantium influenciou no teor e na composição química do óleo essencial. Os constituintes espatulenol, óxido cariofileno e germacreno-B apresentaram maior concentração na maioria das procedências avaliadas. O óleo essencial das folhas de C. adamantium apresentou moderada atividade antibacteriana em relação a todos os micro-organismos testados. A atividade antioxidante se deu empregando-se o método de redução do radical estável DPPH, sendo observada fraca atividade antioxidante por meio do ensaio utilizado.
Ritmo e música no pensamento de poetas e filósofos: de Hölderlin a Rilke e Heidegger
Authors: Rosenfield Kathrin
Published: July 2016

Resumo: Desde o pré-romantismo alemão, a música mantém relações cada vez mais íntimas com a poesia e a literatura. Rastreamos aqui alguns dos modos de aproximação destas duas formas diversas de expressão artística, mostrando como a literatura explora a alteridade da música para intensificar as dimensões afetivas e reflexivas da poesia. Trata-se de uma tradição poderosa que se estende de românticos como Hölderlin e Tieck até Rilke e além, ocupando um lugar de destaque no pensamento de Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Heidegger. As reflexões de Rilke recebem um lugar de destaque neste artigo, mediante a tradução de suas anotações de leitura do famoso ensaio de Nietzsche, O nascimento da tragédia a partir do espírito da música.
Biópsia hepática como método diagnóstico para intoxicação por plantas que contém swainsonina
Authors: Rocha Brena P. , Reis Matheus O. , Driemeier David , Cook Daniel , Camargo Lázaro M. , Riet-Correa Franklin , Evêncio-Neto Joaquim , Mendonça Fábio S.
Published: July 2016

Resumo: Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a técnica de biópsia hepática como um teste de valor diagnóstico para intoxicações por plantas que contém swainsonina. Para isso, reproduziu-se experimentalmente a doença com as folhas secas de Ipomoea marcellia contendo 0,02% de swainsonina em caprinos. O Grupo I foi constituído por 6 caprinos que receberam a planta misturada a ração na dose de 4g/kg (0,8mg de swainsonina/kg) até a observação dos primeiros sinais clínicos neurológicos. Outros dois caprinos que não receberam a planta na dieta constituíram o grupo controle (Grupo II). Foram realizadas biópsias hepáticas pela técnica percutânea cega com agulha de Menghini, no dia zero e com intervalos semanais nos caprinos do experimento. As biópsias hepáticas foram fixadas em formol tamponado 10%, processadas rotineiramente, coradas pela hematoxilina-eosina e histoquímica de lectinas. Vacuolização hepatocelular similar àquelas descritas em caso de doença de depósito lisossomal foram identificadas em todos os caprinos do Grupo I no 7º dia de experimento nas amostras coradas pela hematoxilina-eosina. Em relação à histoquímica de lectinas, marcações consistentes foram obtidas com as lectinas Concanavalia ensiformis (Con-A) e Triticum vulgaris (WGA). Concluiu-se que a avaliação histológica rotineira de biópsias hepáticas pode ser usada no diagnóstico de intoxicações por plantas que contem swainsonina, mesmo em caprinos que não apresentam sinais clínicos, e que a histoquímica de lectinas pode ser usada como método diagnóstico complementar.
Timpanismo em bovinos, secundário à obstrução esofágica por Citrus limon (limão siciliano)
Authors: Panziera Welden , Konradt Guilherme , Bassuino Daniele M. , Gonçalves Maiara A. , Driemeier David
Published: July 2016

Resumo: Timpanismo ruminal consiste na distensão acentuada do rúmen e retículo, devido a incapacidade do animal em expulsar gases produzidos durante o processo fisiológico da fermentação. O timpanismo pode ser ocasionado de forma primária, por formação de espuma estável, ou secundária, devido a anormalidades funcionais e/ou físicas que interferem na eructação. Nesse trabalho, são descritos os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos da ocorrência de timpanismo secundário em bovinos, decorrente da obstrução esofágica aguda por limões sicilianos. Cinco bovinos, de um lote de 210, foram afetados. Os bovinos eram suplementados com resíduo de tangerina (Citrus reticulata) no cocho e na última carga desse subproduto, havia limões sicilianos inteiros misturados ao resíduo. Os cinco animais afetados eram da raça Aberdeen Angus e tinham entre 12-24 meses de idade. Todos apresentaram sinais clínicos caracterizados principalmente por mucosas cianóticas, grave timpanismo, desconforto abdominal, acentuada dispneia e taquicardia, atonia ruminal, desidratação, decúbito e morte. O curso clínico variou entre 24 a 48 horas. Na necropsia, os cinco bovinos apresentavam grave obstrução esofágica por limões nas porções: cranial (logo após a laringe [1/5]), porção medial (entrada do tórax [1/5]) e final (próximo ao cárdia [3/5]). Nas áreas de oclusão, observou-se extensa necrose e ulceração da mucosa esofágica. O conteúdo ruminal dos bovinos estava seco e misturado com limões inteiros. No esôfago de dois animais havia linha de timpanismo. As lesões histológicas eram visualizadas principalmente no esôfago, na região da obstrução, onde se evidenciaram alterações degenerativas, necróticas e ulcerativas acentuadas no revestimento epitelial.
Transmission, serologic and tissue responses in chickens vaccinated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum F strain (MG-F)
Authors: Machado Leandro S. , Santos Felipe F. dos , Santos Lídia M.M. dos , Tortelly Rogério , Pimentel Jorge C. , Sesti Luiz , Pereira Virgínia L.A. , Nascimento Elmiro R.
Published: July 2016

Abstract: MG-F protects chickens from MG Mycoplasmosis and monitoring is done by serology (SAR and ELISA) and PCR. Histopathology is used to evaluate bird response to MG. This study evaluated MG-F profile vaccination in SPF chicken. This trial used 100 chickens, being 40 unvaccinated (G1), 40 eye-drop vaccinated at 8 weeks of age with MG-F ( Ceva Animal Health , São Paulo , SP , Brazil ) (G2) and 20 immunized by contact (G3) . Samples were obtained on the 8th, 12th, 15th, 18th, 20th and 24th week for SAR, ELISA and PCR. Fragments of trachea and air sac, for microscopy, were got after necropsies on the 15th and 24th week. Up to 12 weeks there was no significant difference among groups by SAR. SAR reactions appeared from the 15th week with these averages: G1 (1.7, 1.76 , 0.1, 0.15) , G2 (7.81, 7.65, 8.25, 6.29) and G3 (8.1, 8.5, 9.5, 6.16), while by ELISA it occurred after the 18th week with optical densities averages: G1 (0.19, 0.14, 0.16) , G2 (0.47, 0.45, 0.41) and G3 (0.55, 0.51, 0.51) . Positivity in G3 by PCR occurred seven weeks after exposure. At the 15th week the air sac score means were 0.20, 0.55, and 0.32 and 24th week were 0.15, 0.80 and 0.66 (p>0.05). For trachea, G2 (0.48) yielded higher score average than G1 (0.10) and G3 (0.00) on the 15th week. Changes in G3 were seen only at 24th week, being this average (1.00) significantly different (p<0,05) from G1 (0.08) and G2 (0.46). SAR and PCR detected MG-F in G3 earlier than ELISA. Higher tracheal changes for G2 and G3 as compared to G1 could be ascribed to MG-F vaccine infection.
Violência e vida familiar: abordagens psicanalíticas e de gênero
Authors: Mandelbaum Belinda , Schraiber Lilia Blima , d'Oliveira Ana Flávia P. L.
Published: July 2016

Resumo Busca-se examinar as possibilidades de diálogo interdisciplinar entre a psicanálise e a teoria de gênero, tal como tem sido usada em estudos acerca da violência na Saúde Coletiva, para abordar ocorrências de agressão e abuso na vida familiar e seus possíveis impactos na saúde, com especial atenção às repercussões psíquicas nas crianças e mulheres, bem como no grupo familiar como um todo. Com base em autores clássicos para ambos os aportes disciplinares, examina-se um caso concreto extraído de situação de atendimento à família. Esse exame é composto de três dimensões interpretativas: primeiro, considerações sobre o caso individual em seu contexto familiar; segundo, o caso visto da perspectiva das questões culturais; por fim, a relação entre a cultura e sua expressão individualizada no caso. Aponta-se para a possibilidade de se realizar uma abordagem que integre a dimensão intrapsíquica, que diz respeito ao funcionamento do mundo interno dos sujeitos envolvidos, à realidade sociocultural e histórica que constitui o seu contexto de vida. E com vistas a uma atenção mais integral dos casos, aponta-se a importância prática de combinar a reflexão e intervenção de natureza psicodinâmica, fruto do exame dos impactos intrapsíquicos da violência a partir de conceitos como trauma e terror, com reconhecimentos das expressões culturais no plano individual e familiar, que reforçam aceitações normativas de agressões, vitimizações, silenciamentos e banalizações das violências. O diálogo interdisciplinar permite compreender o desenvolvimento de sentimentos e comportamentos, reforçados culturalmente, tais como medos e vergonhas nas vítimas e reiteração das violências nos agressores.
Medicalización más allá de los médicos: marketing farmacéutico en torno al trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad en Argentina y Brasil (1998-2014)
Authors: Bianchi Eugenia , Ortega Francisco , Faraone Silvia , Gonçalves Valéria Portugal , Zorzanelli Rafaela Teixeira
Published: July 2016

Resumen Desde un análisis crítico de los estudios de la medicalización, y como un aporte a estas perspectivas, describimos y analizamos los modos en que la industria farmacéutica transnacional penetra en diversos espacios sociales, con diferentes estrategias de marketing, interviniendo en la consolidación de procesos medicalizadores en Argentina y Brasil. Se analizan dos modalidades de expansión de los procesos de medicalización, y se desarrollan aspectos y tendencias específicas del diagnóstico y tratamiento del TDAH en ambos países: la incidencia de la industria farmacéutica en los grupos de apoyo en Brasil y las estrategias de marketing farmacéutico orientadas a actores no médicos en Argentina. Estas dos modalidades se caracterizan por no involucrar sólo al profesional médico. La metodología incluye datos de investigaciones conducidas en Argentina y Brasil entre 1998 y 2014, con sede en la Universidad de Buenos Aires y la Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, orientadas al estudio de los procesos de diagnóstico y tratamiento del TDAH y el consumo de metilfenidato en ambos países. Se emplearon técnicas de entrevista semiestructurada individual y grupal a profesores y profesionales de salud, estadísticas oficiales y de organizaciones profesionales, y revisión de bibliografía general y especializada nacional e internacional. Concluimos que los fenómenos documentados en Argentina y Brasil ponen de relieve la importancia de efectuar investigaciones que contemplen aspectos singulares de los casos empíricos, y sus múltiples vinculaciones con entramados más amplios y en tensión de saberes, dispositivos, normativas y actores involucrados en la medicalización en el siglo XXI.
Effects of intrahippocampal administration of the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid: Dual effects on memory formation
Authors: Vianna Monica R.M. , Coitinho Adriana , Izquierdo Luciana , Izquierdo Ivan
Published: July 2016

Abstract Protein phosphorylation mediated by serine-threonine kinases in the hippocampus is crucial to the synaptic modifications believed to underlie memory formation. The role of phosphatases has been the focus of comparatively little study. Objectives: Here we evaluate the contribution of the serine-threonine protein phosphatases 1 and 2A (PP1, PP2A) on memory consolidation. Methods: We used immediate post-training bilateral hippocampal infusions of okadaic acid (OA, 0.01 and 10 pmol/side), a potent inhibitor of PP1 and PP2A, and measured short- [3 h] and long-term memory [24 h] (STM, LTM) of step-down inhibitory avoidance. Results: At the lower dose, OA inhibited both STM and LTM whereas at the higher dose it instead enhanced LTM. Pre-test infusion of these two doses of OA had no effect on retrieval. Conclusions: These two doses of OA are known to selectively inhibit PP1 and PP2A respectively. These findings point to the importance of these enzymes in memory formation and also suggest a deleterious influence of endogenous hippocampal PP2A on LTM formation.
Progressive posterior cortical dysfunction
Authors: Porto Fábio Henrique de Gobbi , Machado Gislaine Cristina Lopes , Morillo Lilian Schafirovits , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi
Published: July 2016

Abstract Progressive posterior cortical dysfunction (PPCD) is an insidious syndrome characterized by prominent disorders of higher visual processing. It affects both dorsal (occipito-parietal) and ventral (occipito-temporal) pathways, disturbing visuospatial processing and visual recognition, respectively. We report a case of a 67-year-old woman presenting with progressive impairment of visual functions. Neurologic examination showed agraphia, alexia, hemispatial neglect (left side visual extinction), complete Balint's syndrome and visual agnosia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed circumscribed atrophy involving the bilateral parieto-occipital regions, slightly more predominant to the right . Our aim was to describe a case of this syndrome, to present a video showing the main abnormalities, and to discuss this unusual presentation of dementia. We believe this article can contribute by improving the recognition of PPCD.
Severe dementia: A review on diagnoses, therapeutic management and ethical issues
Authors: Schafirovits-Morillo Lilian , Suemoto Cláudia Kimie
Published: July 2016

Abstract North American data show that in the year 2000 around 4.5 million people had a diagnosis of dementia and more than a half were at moderate or severe stages of the disease. There is inevitable cognitive and functional decline caused by all etiologies of irreversible dementia as well as many behavioral symptoms that compromise the quality of life of both patients and caregivers. Few published studies have investigated issues concerning severe dementia such as predictors of mortality and life expectancy, nutrition, end of life issues and palliative care in terminal dementia, as well as best pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Due to the complexity that characterizes advanced dementia, it is important that this discussion starts as early as possible allowing some decisions to be taken, preferably when the patients can still express their opinion.
The generation of visual inferences in normal elderly Influence of schooling and visual complexity
Authors: Ribeiro Ariella Fornachari , Freitas Maria Isabel d'Ávila , Radanovic Márcia , Mansur Letícia Lessa
Published: July 2016

Abstract The generation of inferences makes the construction and comprehension of discourse easier, and integrates representations which add coherence to the arguments. Visuoperceptual and inferential deficits merge in the attempt to explain the difficulties that some individuals have in the comprehension of certain kinds of visual stimuli. Objectives: a) To examine the performance of cognitively healthy elderly subjects in the execution of visual inferences using pictures of different levels of complexity; b) To compare the performance of subjects according to schooling level. Methods: A total of 45 normal elderly aged from 61 to 82yrs (M=68; SD=0.57) were examined. The subjects were divided into three groups according to schooling level: Group 1 (1 to 4 years); Group 2 (5 to 8 years) and Group 3 (9 or more years). Each subject had to create a narrative based on four figures with controlled visual complexity. The narratives were transcribed, analysed and scored. Results: For the essential inferences, the high educated group (3) had a better performance in both visually simple and complex conditions. On the visually complex figures, the medium educated group (2) was statistically equivalent to the high educated group for one figure and equivalent to the less educated group (1) for the other. There was no difference among the groups for the accessory propositions. Conclusions: Visual complexity interferes with the subject's ability to make inferences in low and medium educated individuals. High educated subjects maintain the same performance in making inferences, regardless of the visual complexity level.
Cognitive rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Freire Fabio Rios , Coelho Fernanda , Lacerda Juliana Rhein , Silva Marcio Fernando da , Gonçalves Vanessa Tome , Machado Sergio , Velasques Bruna , Ribeiro Pedro , Basile Luis Fernando Hindi , Oliveira Arthur Maynart Pereira , Paiva Wellingson Silva , Kanda Paulo Afonso Medeiros , Anghinah Renato
Published: July 2016

Abstract Annually, some 500,000 people are hospitalized with brain lesions acquired after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Brazil. Between 75,000 and 100,000 individuals die within hours of the event and 70,000 to 90,000 evolve to irreversible loss of some neurological function. The principal causes of TBI include motor vehicle accidents (50%), falls (21%), assaults and robberies (12%) and accidents during leisure activities (10%). Within this context, cognitive rehabilitation, a clinical area encompassing interdisciplinary action aimed at recovery as well as compensation of cognitive functions altered as a result of cerebral injury, is extremely important for these individuals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the basic concepts related to TBI, including mechanisms of injury, severity levels of TBI, the most common findings in moderate and severe TBI survivors, and the most frequent cognitive impairments following TBI, and also to discuss the strategies used to handle patients post-TBI. The study results yielded relevant information on a structured cognitive rehabilitation service, representing an alternative for patients and families afflicted by TBI, enabling the generation of multiple research protocols.
Prevalence of treatable and reversible dementias: A study in a dementia outpatient clinic
Authors: Bello Valeska Maria Eboli , Schultz Rodrigo Rizek
Published: July 2016

Abstract Dementia is a syndrome characterized by the development of multiple cognitive deficits and behavioral changes that leads to impairment of functional activities. There are primary degenerative, progressive and irreversible dementias, and other dementias resulting from a progressive but potentially reversible dementia of secondary origin. Objective: To assess the prevalence of cases with a diagnosis of potentially reversible dementia at a Behavioral Neurology Outpatient Unit. Methods: A retrospective study based on a review of 340 medical records of patients seen from 1999 to 2009 was conducted. All patients received a thorough diagnostic assessment to verify the etiological hypothesis proposed. Results: Of the 340 patients seen in the study period, 172 (50.5%) were females and 168 (49.5%) males, 90 patients (26.4%) were under 60 years of age, and 250 (73.6%) were over 60 years of age. Alzheimer's disease, with 89 cases (26%), followed by vascular dementia with 39 cases (11.47%), were the leading etiological diagnoses. A total of 193 patients had dementia and 37 of these (19.17%) were found to have potentially reversible dementias, distributed as follows: head injury: 15 patients; alcohol-related dementias: 11 patients; meningoencephalitis: 2 patients; hypothyroidism: 2 patients; neurosyphilis: 2 patients; normal pressure hydrocephalus: 2 patients; AIDS: 1 patient; Korsakoff's syndrome: 1 patient, and Post-anoxic dementia: 1 patient. Conclusions: A significant number of patients were found to have potentially reversible dementias (19.17%). These data show an urgent need for more extensive diagnostic investigation, and indicate the possibility of reversing some dementias, especially cases detected early.
Congenital prosopagnosia: A case report
Authors: Schultz Rodrigo Rizek , Bertolucci Paulo Henrique Ferreira
Published: July 2016

Abstract Prosopagnosia is a visual agnosia characterized by an inability to recognize previously known human faces and to learn new faces. The aim of this study was to present a forty-six year-old woman with congenital prosopagnosia, and to discuss the neural bases of perception and recognition of faces. The patients had a lifetime impairment in recognizing faces of family members, close friends, and even her own face in photos. She also had impairment in recognizing animals such as discriminating between cats and dogs. The patient's basic visual skills showed impairment in identifying and recognizing the animal form perception on the coding subtest of the WAIS-R, recognizing overlapping pictures (Luria), and in identifying silhouettes depicting animals and objects (VOSP). Unconventional tests using pictures evidenced impairment in her capacity to identify famous faces, facial emotions and animals. Her face perception abilities were preserved, but recognition could not take place. Therefore, it appears that the agnosia in this case best fits the group of categories termed "associative".
Strategies of Peer‐Assisted Learning and Their Effectiveness in Nursing Education: A Systematic Review
Authors: Park In-Hee , Hong Jeong Min , Shin Sujin
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this study is to identify factors associated with effective peer-assisted learning (PAL) for nursing students. This review examined studies on PAL in nursing education. The literature was searched using terms including ‘nursing & peer assisted learning,’ ‘nursing & peer learning,’ and ‘nursing & peer teaching.’ Potentially relevant research on PAL was identified, and 12 studies were determined to meet the inclusion criteria. This review includes five qualitative, three mixed-methods, and three experimental studies published on the topic. In the studies reviewed, practicum classes were found to use PAL the most. Students of the same age were most commonly the subjects of PAL, as indicated in six papers. PAL has been suggested to affect participants’ knowledge, self-efficacy, confidence, and anxiety. The findings indicate that interactions between peers promote learning and lead to mutually positive responses, which provide opportunities for self-development. Finally, students’ learning outcomes improve and their confidence in their knowledge and skills increases as they experience the role of student nurse. These findings indicate that PAL can be utilized as an efficient learning method in nursing education programs. However, effective strategies for using PAL to achieve learning objectives and maximize learning outcomes are needed.
Artificial Intelligence: Will It Replace Human Medical Doctors?
Authors: Choi Yoon Sup
Published: July 2016

Development of artificial intelligence is expected to revolutionize today’s medicine. In fact, medicine was one of the areas to which advances in artificial intelligence technology were first applied. Recently, state-of-the-art artificial intelligence, especially deep learning technology, has been actively utilized to treat cancer patients and analyze medical image data. Application of artificial intelligence has the potential to fundamentally change various aspects of medicine, including the role of human doctors, the clinical decision-making process, and even overall healthcare systems. Facing such fundamental changes is unavoidable, and we need to prepare to effectively integrate artificial intelligence into our medical system. We should re-define the role of human doctors, and accordingly, medical education should also be altered. In this article, we will discuss the current status of artificial intelligence in medicine and how we can prepare for such changes.
Bedside Education Will Be More Important than Now in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Yeh Byung-Il
Published: July 2016

The birth of the scientific revolution, brought forth by Vesalius and Copernicus in 1543, marked the beginning of a new age. However, the changes such as treatment effectiveness, survival rate, prevalence of specific diseases, etc. had not yet become clear during the 16th century. In the early 17th century, Boerhaave emphasized bedside teaching and practice. His attitude influenced numerous students and educators, so many medical students visited hospital wards where he worked. From the late 18th to 19th centuries, Jenner’s smallpox vaccination, Pasteur’s anthrax and rabies vaccinations, and Koch’s four postulates used to detect pathogens were developed using the scientific research method, which initiated big changes for medicine. Flexner, credited for reporting the new medical education system, adopted scientific medicine. He believed medical students must study basic medical science since it could be the foundation of clinical medicine and lead to a revolution in the field. He proposed a new medical curriculum composed of two-years of basic medicine and two-years of clinical medicine, which has been used more than 100 years. During the late 20th century, bedside teaching rounds decreased gradually as scientific medicine has become popular. Many medical educators in many articles have proposed bedside education as an effective method for medical learning. Despite the advent of the age of artificial intelligence and the changing of medical environments in the near future, bedside education will be more useful and important for medical students, educators, and patients as it is a traditional method and essential for patients who desire a more personal approach.
Changes in Self‐Leadership and Self‐Efficacy After Leadership Training of First‐Year Premedical Students
Authors: Yoo Dong-Mi , Kang Wha Sun
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this study was to elucidate to what extent the goals of the leadership training program implemented in a medical college were achieved. Study subjects consisted of 74 first-year premedical students at the College of Medicine of The Catholic University of Korea. All participants completed two questionnaires: an 18-item self-leadership questionnaire asking self-expectation, rehearsal, goal setting, self-rewards, self-judgment and constructive thinking, and a 28-item self-efficacy questionnaire asking preference toward difficult work, efficacy of self-control, and confidence before and after the leadership training program. Students also competed a program satisfaction survey after the program. The collected data were analyzed with a paired t-test, descriptive statistics by IBM SPSS ver. 20.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Students’ overall satisfaction with the program scored 4.06 out of 5. The scores of self-leadership and self-efficacy increased after the leadership training program except for ‘confidence’ in self-efficacy. The results indicate that an intensive leadership program in a short period of time could help to enhance social competencies such as communication skills, empathy, self-reflection, and teamwork of premedical students.
Education on Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and Personal Hygiene Practices of Medical Students
Authors: Kim Min Jeong , Lee Sang Yeoup
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this study was to inquire into the knowledge of medical students on the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and evaluate whether infection prevention education impacts students’ level of knowledge and individual hygiene practices. This study also investigated the route by which medical students obtain disease-related information. The study involved a survey conducted in August of 2015 at two medical schools in Busan. In the first year to fourth year, a total of 345 students are enrolled (111 students in A school and 234 students in B school). Before the study was carried out, university A performed infection prevention education related to MERS, but B did not. We used self-developed questionnaires to survey the demographic characteristics, routes of acquisition of MERS information, degree of knowledge of MERS, educational satisfaction, and personal hygiene practices before and after education. Knowledge level differences according to gender and year in school were not statistically significant. Students obtained their information about MERS from various news media sources and the Internet, and through social network sites. Students practiced sanitary control behaviors in an average of 2.2 manners (standard deviation=0.95). The level of knowledge of MERS revealed a positive correlation with the frequency and total numbers of personal hygiene practices. This finding suggests that the infection prevention education program played a role in knowledge acquisition and personal hygiene practices for the medical students. In order to provide accurate and reliable knowledge of disease and preventive health behavior to medical students, continuous and well-planned education programs are necessary.
On the photoperiodic induction of diapause in first generation hybrids of Harmonia Axyridis (PALL.) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae)
Authors: Reznik Sergey Ya , Ovchinnikov Andrey N , Ovchinnikova Antonina A , Belyakova Natalia A , Barabanova Larisa V
Published: July 2016

Background. Diapause is an important component of insect life cycle which ensures synchronization of reproduction and development with local seasonal climate. Genetic bases of this synchronization are particularly important for the analysis of biological invasions. Materials and methods. We investigated photoperiodic induction of diapause in hybrids between two populations of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas): autochthonous population from Irkutsk (Siberia) which shows a strong induction of diapause by short days and invasive population from Sochi (the Caucasus) which exhibits very weak photoperiodic induction of diapause. Results. Reciprocal crosses showed that the strong photoperiodic induction of diapause is dominant and the effects of male and female genotypes on progeny phenotype are equal.
MAST CELLS AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFLAMMATION IN THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Authors: Nadein Konstantin Alexandrovich
Published: July 2016

Review devoted to the role of mast cells in inflammation processes in connective tissue. The main attention is paid to the appearance and development of diffuse diseases of the connective tissue (collagenoses) in agricultural animals. The data of distribution, clinic picture, stages of diseases as well as the principles of their treatment are observed too.
THE STUDy OF THE NEUROPSyCHOPHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE NEW DERIVATIVE OF GLUTAMIC ACID, THE RGPU-197 COMPOUND
Authors: Bagmetova V V , Bagmetov M N , Tyurenkov Ivan Nikolaevich , Vasilieva О S , Berestovitskaya V М
Published: July 2016

Proceeding from the proposition about the high productivity of the search of neuropsychotropic substances among the derivatives of natural neuromediators, a study of neuropsychopharmacological effects of the derivative of the glutamic acid, RGPU-197 compound was carried out. The study was carried out on the he-rats of the Wistar line using the following tests: “open field”, elevated plus maze, conditioned passive-avoidance response, the test of extrapolational deliverance, the test of hanging mice by tails; and also the methods of statistic analysis: rank univariate analysis of Cruscal-Wallace, the Dunn multiple comparison test /the multiple comparison test of Dunn, the x2 criterion. The RGPU-197 compound significantly (p<0,05, p<0,01) decreases the duration of immobilization of the animals and expands the latent period of its approach in the test of hanging mice by tails — it possesses antidepressant activity; increases the quantity of the visits of the centre of the open field, the quantity of attendings of the open hoses of elevated plus maze and the time of stay in them — it shows anxiolytic action; increases the quantity of crossed squares in the open field and the quantity of crossings between the hoses of elevated plus maze — it possesses activating effect; during the displays of the avoidance reflex it expands the latent period of the first period of entering the dark compartment and the quantity of enterings of it in conditioned passive-avoidance response, reduces the latent period of diving under in the test of extrapolational deliverance — it shows nootropic action. According to the intensity of antidepressant action RGPU-197 doesn’t yield to melipramin, anxiolytic and activating effects significantly (p<0.05) excels phenibutum and doesn’t yield to it by nootropic activity. Thus, the new derivative of glutamate, the RGPU-197 compound, possesses the marked antidepressant, anxiolytic and activating effects, as well as nootropic activity.
On variable step highly stable 4-stage Hermite-Birkhoff solvers for stiff ODEs
Authors: Nguyen-Ba Truong , Giordano Thierry
Published: July 2016

Variable-step (VS) \(4\)-stage \(k\)-step Hermite--Birkhoff (HB) methods of order \(p=(k+1)\), denoted by HB\((p)\), are constructed as a combination of linear \(k\)-step methods of order \((p-2)\) and a two-step diagonally implicit \(4\)-stage Runge--Kutta method of order 3 (TSDIRK3) for solving stiff ordinary differential equations. The main reason for considering this class of formulae is to obtain a set of \(k\)-step methods which are highly stable and are suitable for the integration of stiff differential systems whose Jacobians have some large eigenvalues lying close to the imaginary axis. The approach, described in the present paper, allows us to develop \(L\)-stable \(k\)-step methods of order up to 7 and \(L(\alpha)\)-stable methods of order up to 10 with \(\alpha > 64^\circ\). Fast algorithms are developed for solving confluent Vandermonde-type systems of the new methods in O\((p^2)\) operations to obtain HB interpolation polynomials in terms of generalized Lagrange basis functions. The step sizes of these methods are controlled by a local error estimator. Selected HB(\(p\)) of order \(p\), \(p=4,5,\ldots,9\), compare favorably with existing Cash modified extended backward differentiation formulae, MEBDF(\(p\)), \(p=4,5,\ldots,8\) in solving problems often used to test highly stable stiff ODE solvers on the basis of CPU time, number of steps and error at the endpoint of the integration interval.
Weight Control Intervention for Truck Drivers: The SHIFT Randomized Controlled Trial, United States
Authors: Olson Ryan , Wipfli Brad , Thompson Sharon V. , Elliot Diane L. , Anger W. Kent , Bodner Todd , Hammer Leslie B. , Perrin Nancy A.
Published: July 2016

Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of the Safety and Health Involvement For Truckers (SHIFT) intervention with a randomized controlled design.

Methods. The multicomponent intervention was a weight-loss competition supported with body weight and behavioral self-monitoring, computer-based training, and motivational interviewing. We evaluated intervention effectiveness with a cluster-randomized design involving 22 terminals from 5 companies in the United States in 2012 to 2014. Companies were required to provide interstate transportation services and operate at least 2 larger terminals. We randomly assigned terminals to intervention or usual practice control conditions. We assessed participating drivers (n = 452) at baseline and 6 months.

Results. In an intent-to-treat analysis, the postintervention difference between groups in mean body mass index change was 1.00 kilograms per meters squared (P < .001; intervention = −0.73; control = +0.27). Behavioral changes included statistically significant improvements in fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity.

Conclusions. Results establish the effectiveness of a multicomponent and remotely administered intervention for producing significant weight loss among commercial truck drivers.
Accuracy Combination Test of Classical and Modern Technical Analysis: A Case Study in Stock of PT Wijaya Karya Tbk
Authors: Hamid Agustini
Published: July 2016

The research aimed to measure the accuracy and combination of Classic and Modern Technical Analysis. PT Wijaya Karya Tbk (WIKA)’s stock in two periods is the sample of research. Technical analysis was used to predict stock prices by observing changes in historical share price. Practically, technical analysis is divided into Classic Technical and Modern. Research was conducted by library study and using a computer software. Microsft Excel was used for the simulation and Chart Nexus for analyzing Modern Technical Analysis. The research period started in January 1, 2013 until December 31, 2013 and January 1, 2014 until December 31, 2014. The Classic Technical Analysis used Support, Resistance, Trendline, and Flag Patern. Meanwhile for Modern Technical Analysis used Moving Average, Stochastic, Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) indicator. The Classical Technical Analysis gave less result than Modern Technical Analysis. The classical give 14 investment decisions in two periods. The average return of Classical Technical is 15,50%. Meanwhile the Modern Technical Analysis gave 18 investment decisions in two periods. The average return of Modern Technical is 18,14%. Combining Classic Technical Analysis and Modern Technical Analysis gave 20 investment decisions with the average rate of return 20,41%.
Advancing household water-use feedback to inform customer behaviour for sustainable urban water
Authors: Liu Ariane , Giurco Damien , Mukheibir Pierre
Published: July 2016

Sustainable water management is increasingly essential in an age characterised by rapid population growth, urban and industrial development and climate change. Opportunities to promote conservation and water-use efficiencies remain attractive in directly reducing water demand. Smart water metering and the provision of detailed water-use feedback to consumers present exciting new opportunities for improved urban water management. This paper explores two smart water metering trials in New South Wales, Australia, which provided household water consumption feedback via (i) paper end-use reports and (ii) an online portal. This combination enabled a deeper exploration of the various impacts of detailed feedback enabled via smart water metering. The positive effects uncovered by the research present an important opportunity for smart water metering feedback to contribute towards more sustainable urban water management. Their summary contributes empirical evidence on the impacts for water utilities considering embarking on the smart water metering journey with their customers. The identification of future research and policy needs sets an agenda for smart water metering to promote a sustainable digital urban water future. Larger-scale trials are now required and utilities should integrate the design and plans for scalable advanced feedback programs at the outset of smart meter implementations.
DISCURSO E CINEMA: (I)MATERIALIDADES DISCURSIVAS E EFEITOS METAFÓRICOS
Authors: De Souza Tania Conceição Clemente
Published: July 2016

Buscamos entender a textualização do político no âmbito do não verbal, analisando a relação de intertextualidade de duas cenas em dois filmes: a  escadaria de Odessa, em O Encouraçado Potemkin (1925) e a escadaria da estação de trem em Os Intocáveis (1987). Através do movimento de efeitos metafóricos, trabalha no filme de De Palma uma memória discursiva que aponta tanto a filiação de uma textualidade em termos de montagem a Eiseinstein, quanto a possibilidade de se falar de materialidades e imaterialidades não verbais.
UMA ANÁLISE SEMIÓTICA DA OBRA VERBO-PICTÓRICA SONGS OF INNOCENCE AND OF EXPERIENCE, DE WILLIAM BLAKE
Authors: Calado Claudia Regina Rodrigues
Published: July 2016

William Blake foi um poeta, gravador, ilustrador e pintor do século XVIII. Desenvolveu uma técnica de impressão original chamada de Illuminated Printing (impressão iluminada), através da qual gravava poemas e desenhos em uma mesma matriz de cobre. Fez uso desse método para imprimir suas principais obras, que tinham como inconfundível característica a união de verbo e imagem. Para que pudéssemos fazer uma análise mais aprofundada de como se deu, efetivamente, o entrelaçamento entre verbal e não-verbal em Songs of innocence and of Experience (a obra que escolhemos estudar), ou ainda, para que pudéssemos observar em que medida as palavras assumiram atributos imagéticos ou vice-versa, recorremos à teoria semiótica de Charles Sanders Peirce. A investigação semiótica abrange todas as áreas do conhecimento envolvidas com as linguagens ou sistemas de significação, portanto tem por objeto de investigação todos os códigos possíveis, estabelecendo ligações entre meios semióticos diferentes. Para nossa análise, levamos em consideração, predominantemente, a relação do signo com seu objeto, pois descobrimos uma tendência à iconicidade, à indicialidade e à simbolicidade na obra em questão.
POLIFONIA COMO EFEITO DE SENTIDO: DESDOBRAMENTOS SEMIÓTICOS
Authors: Costa Marcos Rogério Martins
Published: July 2016

Este estudo pretende discutir quais são os elementos constitutivos de um romance polifônico. Para tanto, utilizamos os recursos analíticos oferecidos pela semiótica discursiva somados aos princípios filosóficos bakhtinianos, em particular o conceito de polifonia, tal como formulado por Bakhtin (1997). Esse arcabouço teórico sustenta nosso exame dos mecanismos de construção do sentido no romance Crime e castigo, de Fiódor Dostoiévski. Como método para esta investigação, apresentamos trechos selecionados do romance supracitado e perscrutamos o efeito de sentido de polifonia por meio do percurso gerativo do sentido (GREIMAS; COURTÉS, 2008). Afirmamos, semioticamente, a polifonia como efeito de sentido depreensível desde as estruturas profundas até a sua manifestação no nível discursivo. Portanto, nosso estudo se configura como uma análise interdisciplinar, que busca um diálogo entre a filosofia bakhtiniana e a semiótica da Escola de Paris.
LA IRA COMO PASIÓN EN LA CONFIGURACIÓN DE UNA IDENTIDAD FEMENINA
Authors: Neira Laura Cristina Bonilla
Published: July 2016

El presente análisis discursivo propone evidenciar la ira como uno de los articuladores pasionales de la identidad de la figura femenina principal de la crónica Golpes de la vida de Lina María Ararat Ospina. Se pretende mostrar cómo actúa el dispositivo pasional en la construcción de la identidad de Gabriela, la enunciadora femenina de la crónica, que narra la historia de vida de una mujer colombiana maltratada por su esposo. En la secuencia específica de la cual parte el análisis Gabriela reacciona frente a la agresión en un acto catalogado como de ira.
DA ANÁLISE SEMIÓTICA À AULA DE LEITURA: O PERCURSO GERATIVO NO CONTEXTO ESCOLAR
Authors: Merith-Claras Sonia
Published: July 2016

O desenvolvimento do aluno, enquanto leitor competente, ainda é um objetivo a ser atingido no ensino, a contar pelos dados em avaliações realizadas no país, nas quais os estudantes ficam abaixo da média esperada. Diante deste contexto, nosso propósito, no texto em pauta, é apresentar uma proposta de aula de leitura, desenvolvida no período de doutoramento, cuja metodologia prioriza a produção de sentidos por parte do aprendiz. A teoria que embasa as discussões teóricas, bem como as atividades realizadas, é a Semiótica de linha francesa, proposta por A. J. Greimas. Para este trabalho, apresentamos um recorte das análises desenvolvidas acerca do texto “Metonímia, ou a vingança do enganado – drama em três quadros”, de Rachel de Queiroz, priorizando o nível narrativo do percurso gerativo do sentido. As atividades elaboradas e, posteriormente, aplicadas em sala, versam sobre as questões apontadas durante a análise do texto, levando, desta forma, as contribuições do percurso gerativo do sentido para o contexto escolar. A partir das aulas ministradas, foi possível verificar que a Semiótica pode ser incorporada ao ensino, enquanto arcabouço teórico-metodológico, para o desenvolvimento de atividades que visam à produção de sentidos de diferentes textos. Cabe destacar, ainda, que faremos uma articulação entre a Semiótica e a metodologia de leitura denominada “Campos Lexicais”, melhor descrita no corpo do trabalho.
A CORRIDA ATRÁS DO OBJETO: OS ANTISSUJEITOS ÁTONO E TÔNICO
Authors: Tomasi Carolina
Published: July 2016

Este artigo verifica como as interrupções na HQ “Futboil”, de Luiz Gê, são reguladas. Os estudos de missividade de Zilberberg (2006) observam que, quando o fazer emissivo impera, o percurso do sujeito evolui, a narrativa avança e que, quando o fazer remissivo impera, o antissujeito entra em cena, e o percurso do sujeito sofre uma parada em sua evolução, ficando latente. Trata-se de uma intercalação na narrativa entre a parada (remissividade) e a parada da parada (emissividade). Com base nesse jogo missivo, partimos da proposição de dois tipos de antissujeito: de densidade fraca, átono, que interrompe fracamente o percurso do sujeito, e de densidade forte, tônico, que interrompe fortemente a narrativa, ou, em alguns casos, como é o exemplo do final de “Futboil” (a destruição do balão), que introduz uma parada definitiva, chegando a destruir o próprio objeto almejado. Este último tipo faz paradoxalmente o papel actancial de antissujeito e de sujeito: eles mesmos querem, eles mesmos conseguem e eles mesmos rasgam o balão.