bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Genus Parabacteroides Is a Potential Contributor to the Beneficial Effects of Truncal Vagotomy–Related Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Liang Dong , Zhang Xin , Liu Zhaorui , Zheng Rui , Zhang Longjiang , Yu Dong , Shen Xiaojun
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Evidences about the gut microbiota role in weight loss after bariatric surgery (BS) are growing. The objective of this study was to observe the changes of gut microbiota after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and SG plus truncal vagotomy (SG-TV) and identify specific microbes that may contribute to the improvement of obesity after surgeries.

Materials and Methods

Forty high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice were randomized to SG, SG-TV, or sham operation (SH) groups. Body weight (BW) and fast blood glucose (FBG) were measured before and 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-operatively. Fecal samples were collected before and at post-operative week 12 and profiled using 16S rRNA relative and absolute quantitative sequencing.

Results

After the surgery, the SG and SG-TV surgeries significantly reduce BW and FBG levels compared with SH, and the SG-TV achieved better effects than SG. A decreasing trend in alpha diversity of gut microbiota and significant changes in taxonomic composition were observed after surgeries. Then, we identified a set of microbes and pathways significantly different in abundance after BS. The genus Parabacteroides and one pathway (polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis) increased in SG-TV group specially, which was also negatively correlated with BW and FBG.

Conclusion

SG and SG-TV indeed achieve effects of weight loss, but TV could enhance the efficacy of SG. The identified different microbes and pathways, like Parabacteroides, polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis, may partly mediate the beneficial effects of BS, and thus possibly contribute to the development of novel bacteria-based therapeutic approaches.

Graphical Abstract
Indoor-outdoor pollutant concentration modelling: a comprehensive urban air quality and exposure assessment
Authors: Santiago J. L. , Rivas E. , Buccolieri R. , Martilli A. , Vivanco M. G. , Borge R. , Carlo O. S. , Martín F.
Published: May 2022

This paper is devoted to the investigation of the relationship between concentrations of traffic-related pollutants at pedestrian level in the street and indoor pollutant concentrations inside different rooms of different floors of a standard building. CFD modelling covering the whole urban environment, including the interior of a target building, is used to explicitly simulate wind flow and pollutant dispersion outdoors and indoors. A wide range of scenarios considering different percentage and location of open windows and different wind directions is investigated. A large variability of indoor pollutant concentrations is found depending on the floor and configuration of the open/closed windows, as well as the wind direction and its incidence angle. In general, indoor pollutant concentrations decrease with floor, but this decrease is different depending on the scenario and the room investigated. For some conditions, indoor concentrations higher than the spatially averaged values in the street (up to a ratio of 1.4) are found in some rooms due to the high pollutant concentrations close to open windows. This behavior may lead, on average, to higher exposure inside the room than outside although, in general, indoor pollutant concentrations are lower than that found in the street at pedestrian level. Results are averaged for all scenarios and rooms being the average ratio between indoor and oudoor concentrations 0.56 ± 0.24, which is in accordance with previous studies in real buildings. This paper opens to a unified approach for the assessment of air quality of the total indoor and outdoor environment.
Disentangling the role of interoceptive sensibility in alexithymia, emotion dysregulation, and depression in healthy individuals
Authors: Desdentado Lorena , Miragall Marta , Llorens Roberto , Baños Rosa María
Published: May 2022

Interoception, a multifaceted concept defined as the perception of internal bodily signals, is crucially involved in mental health in general and in emotion regulation in particular, being interoceptive sensibility (IS) one of the most studied interoceptive processes. The main objective of this study was to explore the relationships between IS and emotion regulation processes, analyzing the role of the eight IS dimensions assessed by the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness-2 (MAIA-2) in alexithymia, emotion dysregulation, and depression. Additionally, this study also aimed to validate the MAIA-2 in a Spanish sample. To do so, 391 healthy adults, native Peninsular Spanish speakers (61.0% women, Mage = 29.00, SDage = 11.40), completed the MAIA-2 and other self-reported questionnaires to measure alexithymia, emotion dysregulation, and depressive symptoms. Results showed that lower scores on the IS dimensions that involve an accepting attitude toward the bodily signals (e.g., not-worrying) were related to alexithymia and emotion dysregulation, which, in turn, predicted depression. Moreover, the eight-factor structure of the MAIA-2 was confirmed with acceptable fit indices. This study highlights the multidimensional nature of the IS and the relevance of IS dimensions that involve a positive appraisal of the body in regulating emotions.
RASCL: a randomised approach to subspace clusters
Authors: Moens Sandy , Cule Boris , Goethals Bart
Published: May 2022

Subspace clustering aims to discover clusters in projections of highly dimensional numerical data. In this paper, we focus on discovering small collections of highly interesting subspace clusters that do not try to cluster all data points, leaving noisy data points unclustered. To this end, we propose a randomised method that first converts the highly dimensional database to a binarised one using projected samples of the original database. Subsequently, this database is mined for frequent itemsets, which we show can be translated back to subspace clusters. In this way, we are able to explore multiple subspaces of different sizes at the same time. In our extensive experimental analysis, we show on synthetic as well as real-world data that our method is capable of discovering highly interesting subspace clusters efficiently.
Local transport dynamics of cold pulses in tokamak plasmas
Authors: Rodriguez-Fernandez P. , Angioni C. , White A. E.
Published: May 2022

For over two decades, our fundamental understanding of energy transport dynamics in the core of tokamak plasmas had been challenged by the striking observation of temperature perturbation reversals following the injection of cold pulses at the plasma edge. These phenomena were first discovered by Gentle et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 74(18):3620–3623, 1995) in 1995 and had long been suggested to be evidence of nonlocal transport effects. In recent years, a new explanation to these phenomena has emerged, fully consistent with the theory of turbulent transport in magnetized plasmas and in remarkable agreement with experiment. This article reviews the experimental observation of temperature reversals in tokamak plasmas and presents the explanation based on local transport physics.
When Does an Individual Accept Misinformation? An Extended Investigation Through Cognitive Modeling
Authors: Borukhson David , Lorenz-Spreen Philipp , Ragni Marco
Published: May 2022

A new phenomenon is the spread and acceptance of misinformation and disinformation on an individual user level, facilitated by social media such as Twitter. So far, state-of-the-art socio-psychological theories and cognitive models focus on explaining how the accuracy of fake news is judged on average, with little consideration of the individual. In this paper, a breadth of core models are comparatively assessed on their predictive accuracy for the individual decision maker, i.e., how well can models predict an individual’s decision before the decision is made. To conduct this analysis, it requires the raw responses of each individual and the implementation and adaption of theories to predict the individual’s response. Building on methods formerly applied on smaller and more limited datasets, we used three previously collected large datasets with a total of 3794 participants and searched for, analyzed and refined existing classical and heuristic modeling approaches. The results suggest that classical reasoning, sentiment analysis models and heuristic approaches can best predict the “Accept” or “Reject” response of a person, headed by a model put together from research by Jay Van Bavel, while other models such as an implementation of “motivated reasoning” performed worse. Further, hybrid models that combine pairs of individual models achieve a significant increase in performance, pointing to an adaptive toolbox.
Transition-based constrained large-eddy simulation method with application to an ultrahigh-lift low-pressure turbine cascade flow
Authors: Wang Xiaole , Xiao Zuoli
Published: May 2022

A transition-predictive Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) model is introduced as the Reynolds controlling condition to constrained large-eddy simulation (TrCLES) to improve the ability of this method to predict wall-bounded laminar–turbulent transition flows. In the TrCLES method, the constraint conditions for total Reynolds stress and heat flux are only imposed to the near-wall region in transitional and turbulent boundary layer. The newly proposed method recovers direct numerical simulation in the laminar boundary region, and retrieves the traditional large-eddy simulation method in the far-wall regions. The TrCLES method is validated in simulations of external flow around the Eppler 387 (E387) airfoil and internal flow past the ultrahigh-lift low-pressure turbine T106C cascade. The improved delayed detached-eddy simulation (IDDES) method, CLES method based on full-turbulence shear stress transport model and RANS method with a three-equation transition model are also evaluated in comparison with the available experimental and numerical data. As expected, the TrCLES method can predict laminar separation bubble and separation-induced transition process in both the E387 and T106C flows pretty well. In contrast, neither IDDES nor the original CLES can provide reasonable prediction for the laminar separation-induced transition phenomenon. The validity and fidelity of the TrCLES method are further verified by simulations of the T106C cascade flows in a wider range of exit Reynolds and Mach numbers. It is shown that the TrCLES method can not only predict the time-averaged aerodynamic quantities such as isentropic Mach number and exit kinetic energy loss very well, but also capture the laminar separation bubble and unsteady flow structures with satisfactory accuracy.
On the flow-acoustic coupling of fan blades with over-the-rotor liner
Authors: Sun Yu , Wang Xiaoyu , Du Lin , Sun Xiaofeng
Published: May 2022

Over-the-rotor liner exhibits the potential to further attenuate turbofan noise, but the physics involved remain to be explored. In this paper, a three-dimensional coupled singularity method is proposed to investigate the flow-acoustic coupling effects of axially overlapping annular rotor and finite-length liner in subsonic flow. The formulation adopts the orthogonal basis expansion of the generated disturbances in terms of the hard-walled duct modes. The sound scatterings at the rotor and the liner are then characterized, respectively, by the underdetermined dipole and monopole distributions. We derive a simultaneous solution to the coupled unsteady rotor and liner responses, which ensures that the resultant perturbed field satisfies both the impermeable boundary condition on the blade surfaces and the impedance boundary condition on the lined wall. The effect of a perforated porous-material liner on the wake–rotor interaction tones is investigated. The analysis reveals that for the sound field of varying mode and frequency characteristics, moving the inlet liner to the over-the-rotor location generally leads to limited loss or even an increase of upstream sound absorption, along with additional acoustic benefits in the aft duct. The flow-acoustic coupling between the axially overlapping rotor and liner is shown to alleviate significantly the unsteady blade loading and meanwhile intensify the fluid particle oscillation through the acoustically treated wall. Sound source reduction and sound dissipation enhancement are thus identified as the governing noise attenuation mechanisms. Finally, we extend the analysis to provide insights into the effectiveness of over-the-rotor acoustic treatment with shortened axial length.
Meal-specific dietary patterns and their contribution to habitual dietary patterns in the Iranian population
Authors: Lesani Azadeh , Djafarian Kurosh , Akbarzade Zahra , Janbozorgi Nasim , Shab-Bidar Sakineh
Published: May 2022

Recent studies have focused on habitual intake without addressing meal-specific intakes. We aimed to identify meal-specific dietary patterns and their contribution to habitual dietary patterns. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 838 adults, both sexes who attended the health centres in Tehran. Dietary data were recorded by three 24-h dietary recalls (24hDR). Dietary patterns were identified by using principal component analysis on meal-specific and overall food intakes. Intraclass correlation (ICC) was used as a measurement of consistency across meals and days. Correlation analysis and linear regression (partialR2) were used for meals contribution. Four habitual dietary patterns were derived from average dietary intake of 3-d 24hDR labelled as ‘Western’, ‘Healthy’, ‘Traditional’ and ‘Legume and broth’. Also, we identified two major dietary patterns on each meal level (factor 1 and 2 for breakfast, lunch, afternoon snack and dinner). The highest contribution of energy intake was observed in lunch (25·7 %), followed by dinner (20·81 %). Consistency of food groups was the highest across days (ICC tea = 0·58) and breakfasts (ICC tea = 0·60). Dinner had a strong correlation coefficient with the ‘Western’ habitual dietary pattern then followed by lunch. Similarly, dinner and lunch contributed the most (rand partialR2) to the ‘Western’ habitual dietary pattern. Our results suggest that habitual dietary patterns to several extents are formed at meal levels, and dinner has a greater contribution to the habitual dietary patterns in Iranian people. This may help planning for local dietary guidelines according to the time of eating to promote public health.
Anti-Semitic Violence in Eastern Romania: The National Christian Party's Congress, 8 November 1936
Authors: Kaltenbrunner Andreea
Published: May 2022

Two leading political organisations in interwar Romania were genuinely anti-Semitic: the fascist Legionary movement and the far-right party the National Christian Defence League (LANC), known from 1935 as the National Christian Party (PNC). Whereas the anti-Semitism of the Legionaries is well researched, that of the LANC/PNC has rarely been studied. I argue that, in addition to an anti-Semitic agenda and rhetoric, anti-Jewish violence was an inherent part of the political practices of the LANC/PNC. I analyse the party's national congress on 8 November 1936, when thousands of supporters gathered in Bucharest, and use party correspondence and police and Interior Ministry records to show that the attendees engaged extensively in anti-Jewish violence, before and even more so after the congress. The government, ruled by the National Liberal Party, agreed to the mass anti-Semitic gathering but had only a vague plan to repress violent anti-Semitism: expecting the event to stir up anti-Jewish hatred, the Interior Ministry mobilised the security forces to prevent outbursts during the congress, but not much before or after. The LANC/PNC played a central role in the politicisation of extreme anti-Semitism in interwar Romania, and addressing the party's history provides a better understanding of the right-wing radicalisation of the time.
Does the actuarial adjustment for pension delay affect retirement and claiming decisions?
Authors: Gorry Devon , Lee Kyung Min , Slavov Sita Nataraj
Published: May 2022

We investigate the impact of a 2005 policy that provided more generous terms for delaying state pensions in the United Kingdom. First, we find that the policy reduced the fraction of males and possibly females receiving pensions at the earliest eligibility age and shortly thereafter. This shift affected cohorts who became eligible for state pensions at or after the policy change. Second, the policy is associated with increases in male and female labor supply around the earliest pension eligibility age, consistent with some individuals working longer to finance pension delay. However, further analysis suggests that these labor supply changes are more likely to reflect longer-term trends across birth cohorts rather than a causal effect of the policy.
Investigation of Relationships Between the Geospatial Distribution of Cancer Incidence and Estimated Pesticide Use in the U.S. West
Authors: Joseph Naveen , Propper Catherine R. , Goebel Madeline , Henry Shantel , Roy Indrakshi , Kolok Alan S.
Published: May 2022

The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential geospatial relationship between agricultural pesticide use and two cancer metrics (pediatric cancer incidence and total cancer incidence) across each of the 11 contiguous states in the Western United States at state and county resolution. The pesticide usage data were collected from the U.S. Geological Survey Pesticide National Synthesis Project database, while cancer data for each state were compiled from the National Cancer Institute State Cancer Profiles. At the state spatial scale, this study identified a significant positive association between the total mass of fumigants and pediatric cancer incidence, and also between the mass of one fumigant in particular, metam, and total cancer incidence (P‐value < 0.05). At the county scale, the relationship of all cancer incidence to pesticide usage was evaluated using a multilevel model including pesticide mass and pesticide mass tertiles. Low pediatric cancer rates in many counties precluded this type of evaluation in association with pesticide usage. At the county scale, the multilevel model using fumigant mass, fumigant mass tertiles, county, and state predicted the total cancer incidence (R‐squared = 0.95, NSE = 0.91, and Sum of square of residuals [SSR] = 8.22). Moreover, this study identified significant associations between total fumigant mass, high and medium tertiles of fumigant mass, total pesticide mass, and high tertiles of pesticide mass relative to total cancer incidence across counties. Fumigant application rate was shown to be important relative to the incidence of total cancer and pediatric cancer, at both state and county scales.
Tracking the Cracking: A Holistic Analysis of Rapid Ice Shelf Fracture Using Seismology, Geodesy, and Satellite Imagery on the Pine Island Glacier Ice Shelf, West Antarctica
Authors: Olinger S. D. , Lipovsky B. P. , Denolle M. A. , Crowell B. W.
Published: May 2022

Ice shelves regulate the stability of marine ice sheets. We track fractures on Pine Island Glacier, a quickly accelerating glacier in West Antarctica that contributes more to sea level rise than any other glacier. Using an on‐ice seismic network deployed from 2012 to 2014, we catalog icequakes that dominantly consist of flexural gravity waves. Icequakes occur near the rift tip and in two distinct areas of the shear margin, and TerraSAR‐X imagery shows significant fracture in each source region. Rift‐tip icequakes increase with ice speed, linking rift fracture to glaciological stresses and/or localized thinning. Using a simple flexural gravity wave model, we deconvolve wave propagation effects to estimate icequake source durations of 19.5–50.0 s and transient loads of 3.8–14.0 kPa corresponding to 4.3–15.9 m of crevasse growth per icequake. These long‐source durations suggest that water flow may limit the rate of crevasse opening.
Nitrogen Retention in Feldspar: Implications for Nitrogen Transport in Subduction Zones
Authors: Yang Yan , Huang Weihua , Qi Zeming , Xia Qunke
Published: May 2022

Nitrogen recycling between Earth's interior and exterior determines the evolution of the atmosphere and habitability of the planet. However, the contribution of subduction to the deep nitrogen recycling is still highly debated. Ammonium‐bearing silicate minerals are the main nitrogen carriers in subduction zones. Nitrogen retention in subduction‐zone minerals determines the subducted nitrogen fluxes to the deep Earth. Here, we reveal ammonium behavior in a natural ammonium‐bearing feldspar at elevated temperatures to 1000°C and pressures to 19.99 GPa. With increasing temperature and pressure, ammonium interacts with the silicate framework and forms hydrogen bonding. The ammonium loss rates are on the order of 10−15, 10−14, and 10−13 at 800, 900, and 1000°C, respectively, with activation energy of 271 ± 13 kJ/mol. The activation energy of ammonium loss in feldspar is higher than that in phengite. Moreover, the ammonium diffusivities are similar to that of hydrogen in feldspar, but much slower than that of molecular water and faster than those of K and Ar. The results imply that most of nitrogen can be potentially retain in the feldspar structure before feldspar breakdown. Considering that feldspar could be stable to a great depth along cold subduction, it could be a potential carrier for nitrogen transport to the deep Earth.
Validation of Repetitive Volcanoseismic Signals in Aso Volcano, Japan With Distant Stations: Implications of Source Characterization and Remote Sensing in Uninstrumented Volcanoes
Authors: Niu Jieming , Song Teh‐Ru Alex
Published: May 2022

Repetitive volcanoseismic signals, including very‐long‐period signals (VLP) and long‐period signals (LP), provide a unique probe of fluid transport processes inside magmatic‐plumbing system. While syneruptive signals are often detected and analyzed with regional or/and global seismic networks to retrieve eruption location and mechanism, repetitive noneruptive volcanoseismic signals are generally small, and they are typically detected with in situ stations near the volcanic edifices. Here, we show that repetitive VLP and synchronous deformation events in Aso volcano, Japan, can be detected in the high (15–30 s) and low (50–100 s) VLP bands, respectively, at seismic stations located ∼30–1,000 km away from their sources. Changes in the polarities, phases, and amplitudes of VLP and synchronous deformation events observed at the in situ stations can be verified by the seismic waves in the two VLP bands, respectively, at distant stations up to 150 km. Forward modeling of the amplitude decay in the two VLP bands against epicentral distance corroborates the source locations previously determined by the in situ data, whereas the joint data analysis of in situ and distant stations at high VLP band suggests the presence of single‐force component (i.e., force/moment ratio of 10−4 m−1) in the source of VLPs. We advocate that not only can systematic data mining against established global and regional seismic networks potentially expand the detection capability of repetitive volcanoseismic signals backward in time when in situ observations were unavailable, but it could also substantially improve the detection and monitoring capacity in otherwise uninstrumented volcanoes, complementary to remote sensing of ground deformation.
High‐Resolution 3D Shallow S Wave Velocity Structure of Tongzhou, Subcenter of Beijing, Inferred From Multimode Rayleigh Waves by Beamforming Seismic Noise at a Dense Array
Authors: Qin Tongwei , Lu Laiyu , Ding Zhifeng , Feng Xuanzheng , Zhang Youyuan
Published: May 2022

The 3D S wave velocity of shallow structures, especially the quaternary sediments at 0–1 km near the surface, is an important issue of concern in urban planning and construction for seismic hazard assessment and disaster mitigation. Due to the facility and less dependence on the site environment, noise‐based technique is an ideal way to acquire the fine structure of urban sedimentary basin. Based on the dense array composed of more than 900 stations deployed in Tongzhou at a local scale of 20 × 40 km2, we prove that the lateral variation of the phase velocity of multimode surface waves can be estimated directly with sufficient accuracy by beamforming seismic noise with moving subarrays. Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps, at frequencies between 0.3 and 2.5 Hz for the fundamental mode as well as 0.8 and 3.0 Hz for the first overtone, are obtained. The 3D S wave velocity model at 0–1‐km depth with lateral resolution of 1 km is then established by inverting phase velocity maps of the two modes. The sediment thickness is delineated by the impedance interface given by microtremor H/V (horizontal‐to‐vertical) spectral ratio. The proposed model is in good agreement with the distribution of tectonic units. The sediment thickness of Daxing high and two sags around Gantang and Xiadian are, respectively, 100–400 and 400–600 m, which correlates well with the 1 km/s isosurface of S wave velocity. The model presents some evidence on the extension of Daxing fault along NE direction.
Ganymede's Ionosphere Observed by a Dual‐Frequency Radio Occultation With Juno
Authors: Buccino D. R. , Parisi M. , Gramigna E. , Gomez‐Casajus L. , Tortora P. , Zannoni M. , Caruso A. , Park R. S. , Withers P. , Steffes P. , Hodges A. , Levin S. , Bolton S.
Published: May 2022

In June 2021, the Juno spacecraft executed a close flyby of Ganymede. During the encounter, Juno passed behind Ganymede for 15 min as observed from Earth, providing the geometry to conduct a radio occultation experiment to probe Ganymede's tenuous ionosphere. X‐band and Ka‐band radio links were transmitted from Juno to antennas at the Deep Space Network. Electrons encountered along the radio propagation path advance the signal's phase and a linear combination the two frequencies allows for a direct measurement of the electron content along the propagation path. On occultation ingress, an ionosphere peak of 2,000 ± 500 (1‐σ) cm−3 near the surface was observed. On occultation egress, no statistically significant ionosphere was detected. Ingress observation viewed where Ganymede's intrinsic magnetic field lines are open whereas egress observation viewed where the field lines are closed, implying electron impact ionization plays a key role in the generation of the ionosphere.
Estimating the benefits of obesity prevention on productivity: an Australian perspective
Authors: Menon Kirthi , de Courten Barbora , Ademi Zanfina , Owen Alice J. , Liew Danny , Zomer Ella
Published: May 2022

Background/objectives

Obesity poses one of the biggest public health challenges globally. In addition to the high costs of obesity to the healthcare system, obesity also impacts work productivity. We aimed to estimate the benefits of preventing obesity in terms of years of life, productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs) and associated costs over 10 years.

Subjects/methods

Dynamic life table models were constructed to estimate years of life and PALYs saved if all new cases of obesity were prevented among Australians aged 20–69 years from 2021 to 2030. Life tables were sex specific and the population was classified into normal weight, overweight and obese. The model simulation was first undertaken assuming currently observed age-specific incidences of obesity, and then repeated assuming all new cases of obesity were reduced by 2 and 5%. The differences in outcomes (years of life, PALYs, and costs) between the two modelled outputs reflected the potential benefits that could be achieved through obesity prevention. All outcomes were discounted by 5% per annum.

Results

Over the next 10 years, 132 million years of life and 81 million PALYs would be lived by Australians aged 20–69 years, contributing AU$17.0 trillion to the Australian economy in terms of GDP. A 5% reduction in new cases of obesity led to a gain of 663 years of life and 1229 PALYs, equivalent to AU$262 million in GDP.

Conclusions

Prevention of obesity is projected to result in substantial economic gains due to improved health and productivity. This further emphasises the need for public health prevention strategies to reduce this growing epidemic.
Materials synthesis at terapascal static pressures
Authors: Dubrovinsky Leonid , Khandarkhaeva Saiana , Fedotenko Timofey , Laniel Dominique , Bykov Maxim , Giacobbe Carlotta , Lawrence Bright Eleanor , Sedmak Pavel , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali , Ponomareva Alena V. , Smirnova Ekaterina A. , Belov Maxim P. , Tasnádi Ferenc , Shulumba Nina , Trybel Florian , Abrikosov Igor A. , Dubrovinskaia Natalia
Published: May 2022

Theoretical modelling predicts very unusual structures and properties of materials at extreme pressure and temperature conditions1,2. Hitherto, their synthesis and investigation above 200 gigapascals have been hindered both by the technical complexity of ultrahigh-pressure experiments and by the absence of relevant in situ methods of materials analysis. Here we report on a methodology developed to enable experiments at static compression in the terapascal regime with laser heating. We apply this method to realize pressures of about 600 and 900 gigapascals in a laser-heated double-stage diamond anvil cell3, producing a rhenium–nitrogen alloy and achieving the synthesis of rhenium nitride Re7N3—which, as our theoretical analysis shows, is only stable under extreme compression. Full chemical and structural characterization of the materials, realized using synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction on microcrystals in situ, demonstrates the capabilities of the methodology to extend high-pressure crystallography to the terapascal regime.
Genetic and chemotherapeutic influences on germline hypermutation
Authors: Kaplanis Joanna , Ide Benjamin , Sanghvi Rashesh , Neville Matthew , Danecek Petr , Coorens Tim , Prigmore Elena , Short Patrick , Gallone Giuseppe , McRae Jeremy ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Moutsianas Loukas , Odhams Chris , Carmichael Jenny , Barnicoat Angela , Firth Helen , O’Brien Patrick , Rahbari Raheleh , Hurles Matthew
Published: May 2022

Mutations in the germline generates all evolutionary genetic variation and is a cause of genetic disease. Parental age is the primary determinant of the number of new germline mutations in an individual’s genome1,2. Here we analysed the genome-wide sequences of 21,879 families with rare genetic diseases and identified 12 individuals with a hypermutated genome with between two and seven times more de novo single-nucleotide variants than expected. In most families (9 out of 12), the excess mutations came from the father. Two families had genetic drivers of germline hypermutation, with fathers carrying damaging genetic variation in DNA-repair genes. For five of the families, paternal exposure to chemotherapeutic agents before conception was probably a key driver of hypermutation. Our results suggest that the germline is well protected from mutagenic effects, hypermutation is rare, the number of excess mutations is relatively modest and most individuals with a hypermutated genome will not have a genetic disease.
High-throughput analysis of ANRIL circRNA isoforms in human pancreatic islets
Authors: MacMillan Hannah J. , Kong Yahui , Calvo-Roitberg Ezequiel , Alonso Laura C. , Pai Athma A.
Published: May 2022

The antisense non-coding RNA in the INK locus (ANRIL) is a hotspot for genetic variants associated with cardiometabolic disease. We recently found increased ANRIL abundance in human pancreatic islets from donors with certain Type II Diabetes (T2D) risk-SNPs, including a T2D risk-SNP located within ANRIL exon 2 associated with beta cell proliferation. Recent studies have found that expression of circular species of ANRIL is linked to the regulation of cardiovascular phenotypes. Less is known about how the abundance of circular ANRIL may influence T2D phenotypes. Herein, we sequence circular RNA in pancreatic islets to characterize circular isoforms of ANRIL. We identify several consistently expressed circular ANRIL isoforms whose expression is correlated across dozens of individuals and characterize ANRIL splice sites that are commonly involved in back-splicing. We find that samples with the T2D risk allele in ANRIL exon 2 had higher ratios of circular to linear ANRIL compared to protective-allele carriers, and that higher circular:linear ANRIL was associated with decreased beta cell proliferation. Our study points to a combined involvement of both linear and circular ANRIL species in T2D phenotypes and opens the door for future studies of the molecular mechanisms by which ANRIL impacts cellular function in pancreatic islets.
Seroconversion to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with autoimmune cytopenias and bone marrow failures
Authors: Fattizzo Bruno , Bortolotti Marta , Giannotta Juri Alessandro , Consonni Dario , Cantoni Silvia , Barcellini Wilma
Published: May 2022

Data concerning the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with non-oncological hematologic conditions are lacking. These include autoimmune cytopenias (autoimmune hemolytic anemia AIHA, immune thrombocytopenia ITP, and autoimmune neutropenia), and bone marrow failure syndromes (aplastic anemia, low risk myelodysplastic syndromes, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria). These conditions may relapse/reactivate after COVID-19 infection and vaccine. Moreover, they are mainly handled with immunosuppressive drugs that may hamper the response to vaccine. In this study, we prospectively evaluated the rate of seroconversion after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with autoimmune cytopenias or bone marrow failure syndrome after 2 ± 1 months from the last vaccine dose. Overall, 149 patients were tested and 135 (91%) seroconverted. The highest proportion of non-responders was observed in Evans syndrome (association of ITP and AIHA) and warm AIHA patients (p = 0.001), in those with lower levels of baseline serum IgG (p = 0.008), and in patients on active therapy with steroids (p = 0.03) who also had lower anti-Spike titers. The latter were inversely related with age, and a positively with lymphocyte counts. Additionally, patients who had received rituximab within 12 months from vaccination showed higher rates of non-response (p = 0.03) as compared to those treated before. Contrarily, cyclosporine alone, complement inhibitors, and bone marrow stimulating agents had no detrimental effect on seroconversion. These data suggest maintaining high vigilance and adherence to preventive/protective measures in this population since a proportion of cases may not respond or exhibit low anti-Spike titers.
Additional treatment of vitamin D for improvement of insulin resistance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sindhughosa Dwijo Anargha , Wibawa I Dewa Nyoman , Mariadi I Ketut , Somayana Gde
Published: May 2022

Insulin resistance provides an important role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Several studies already evaluate vitamin D supplementation for NAFLD patients in relation to insulin resistance. The results obtained still carry conflicting results. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of additional treatment of vitamin D for the improvement of insulin resistance in NAFLD patients. Relevant literatures were obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, COCHRANE, and Science Direct database. The obtained studies were analyzed using fixed effect model or random effect model. Seven eligible studies with a total of 735 participants were included. Vitamin D supplementation improves insulin resistance in NAFLD patients, marked by reduced Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), with pooled mean difference − 1.06 (p = 0.0006; 95% CI − 1.66 to − 0.45). Vitamin D supplementation increase the level of vitamin D serum with pooled mean difference of 17.45 (p = 0.0002; 95% CI 8.33 to 26.56). Vitamin D supplementation decrease ALT levels, with pooled mean difference of − 4.44 (p = 0.02; 95% CI − 8.24 to − 0.65). No effect was observed for AST levels. Vitamin D supplementation provides beneficial effects on the improvement of insulin resistance in NAFLD patients. This supplementation may reduce HOMA-IR in such patients. It may serve as a potential adjunctive treatment for NAFLD patients.
Late non-fasting plasma glucose predicts cardiovascular mortality independent of hemoglobin A1c
Authors: Wang Yutang , Fang Yan
Published: May 2022

It is unknown whether non-fasting plasma glucose (PG) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. This study aimed to investigate this association in US adults. This study included adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1988 to 2014. Mortality outcomes were ascertained by linkage to the National Death Index records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of PG for CVD mortality. Among 34,907 participants, 1956, 5564, and 27,387 had PG from participants in early non-fasting, late non-fasting, and fasting states, respectively (defined as a period since last calorie intake of 0–2.9, 3.0–7.9, or ≥ 8.0 h, respectively). This cohort was followed up for 455,177 person-years (mean follow-up, 13.0 years), with 2,387 CVD deaths being recorded. After adjustment for all confounders including hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), only late non-fasting PG (continuous, natural log-transformed) was positively associated with CVD mortality risks (hazard ratio, 1.73; 95% confidence interval 1.12–2.67). Higher late non-fasting PG (dichotomous, at a cut-off of 105, 110, or 115 mg/dL) was associated with higher CVD mortality risks. In addition, at the cut-off of 115 mg/dL, higher late non-fasting PG was associated with higher CVD mortality risks in those with either a normal (< 5.7%) or prediabetic HbA1c level (from 5.7 to 6.4%). In conclusion, late non-fasting PG predicts CVD mortality independent of HbA1c. Late non-fasting PG with a cut-off of 115 mg/dL may be used to identify those at high CVD risk.
Structure, energetics, and spectroscopy of the chromophores of HHe+n, H2He+n, and He+n clusters and their deuterated isotopologues
Authors: Kędziera Dariusz , Rauhut Guntram , Császár Attila G.
Published: May 2022

The linear molecular ions H2He+, HHe+2, and He+3 are the central units (chromophores) of certain He-solvated complexes of the H2He+n, HHe+n, and He+n families, respectively.
Legendre-Fenchel transforms capture layering transitions in porous media
Authors: Galteland Olav , Bering Eivind , Kristiansen Kim , Bedeaux Dick , Kjelstrup Signe
Published: May 2022

Legender-Fenchel transforms from isochric to isobaric conditions, and captures the transition from a fluid to a close-packed structure.
Biophysical quantification of reorganization dynamics of human pancreatic islets during co-culture with adipose-derived stem cells
Authors: Torres-Castro Karina , Azimi Mohammad S. , Varhue Walter B. , Honrado Carlos , Peirce Shayn M. , Swami Nathan S.
Published: May 2022

Reorganization dynamics of human islets during co-culture with adipose stem cells depends on islet size and the heterogeneity can be assessed based on biomechanical opacity of individual islets.
In vitro electrochemical measurement of serotonin release in the human jejunum mucosa using a diamond microelectrode
Authors: France Marion , Galligan James J. , Swain Greg M.
Published: May 2022

We report herein on the use of a boron-doped diamond microelectrode (DME) to record oxidation currents in vitro associated with the release of serotonin from enterochromaffin cells in the epithelium of the human intestinal mucosa.
Contrastive representation learning of inorganic materials to overcome lack of training datasets
Authors: Na Gyoung S. , Kim Hyun Woo
Published: May 2022

Target-correlated materials representation generated by explicitly materials representation learning (EMRL) for simplifying the regression problems.
Dynamics of peptide loading into major histocompatibility complex class I molecules chaperoned by TAPBPR
Authors: Xu Honglin , Song Kaiyuan , Da Lin-Tai
Published: May 2022

Computational simulations reveal strong interplay between TAPBPR and the incoming peptide during peptide loading into MHC-I.
[Ru(η6-p-cymene)(N^O 8-hydroxyquinoline)(PTA)] complexes as rising stars in medicinal chemistry: synthesis, properties, biomolecular interactions,in vitroanti-tumor activity toward human brain carcinomas, andin vivobiodistribution and toxicity in a zebrafish model
Authors: P. K. Anuja , Roy Nilmadhab , Das Utpal , Varddhan Seshu , Sahoo Suban K. , Paira Priyankar
Published: May 2022

DNA-targeting half-sandwich [Ru(η6-p-cymene)(N^O 8-hydroxyquinoline)(PTA)] complexes have been developed for human brain cancer cell therapy.
0D chiral hybrid indium(iii) halides for second harmonic generation
Authors: Qi Siming , Ge Fei , Han Xiao , Cheng Puxin , Shi Rongchao , Liu Chao , Zheng Yongshen , Xin Mingyang , Xu Jialiang
Published: May 2022

New types of chiral 0D hybrid indium halides, (R-/S-MPEA)6InCl9, have been constructed with high efficiency SHG response, high polarization ratio (93.1%) and high laser damage threshold (∼3.82 mJ cm−2at 800 nm).
Photoluminescence enhancement of orange-emitting Ca5(PO4)2SiO4:Sm3+ phosphor through charge compensation of A+ (Li+, Na+ and K+) ions for white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Xiong Hongrui , Gao Xi , Yuan Fei , Wu Qiqi , Zhang Wentao , Huang Yi
Published: May 2022

Actual w-LEDs values are realized by combining as-prepared C4.75PSO:0.1Sm3+,0.15K+ orange phosphors with commercial blue and green phosphors (Ra = 92.1) and even with a commercial blue InGaN chip and Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ yellow phosphor (Ra = 90.8).
Correction: On the importance of π-hole spodium bonding in tricoordinated HgII complexes
Authors: Mahmoudi Ghodrat , Masoudiasl Ardavan , Babashkina Maria G. , Frontera Antonio , Doert Thomas , White Jonathan M. , Zangrando Ennio , Zubkov Fedor I. , Safin Damir A.
Published: May 2022

Correction for ‘On the importance of π-hole spodium bonding in tricoordinated HgII complexes’ by Ghodrat Mahmoudi et al., Dalton Trans., 2020, 49, 17547–17551, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0DT03938A.
Electrospun hydrolyzed collagen from tanned leather shavings for bio-triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Li Lingyan , Zhang Jian , Wang Manting , Zhang Jiaqi , Zeng Xiao-Fei , Wang Jie-Xin , Le Yuan
Published: May 2022

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have become a research hotspot as feasible energy harvesters because they can efficiently convert mechanical energy into electrical output for energy supply, showing advantages in micro-scale energy harvesting for applications in portable devices.
Benzimidazole-based ionic and non-ionic organoselenium compounds: innovative synthetic strategies, structural characterization and preliminary anti-proliferative activities
Authors: Banerjee Kaustav , Bhattacherjee Debojit , Raina Khyati , Thummer Rajkumar P. , Bhabak Krishna Pada
Published: May 2022

Rational design of and efficient synthesis of innovative benzimidazole-based ionic and non-ionic organoselenium compounds is described. The compounds were studied for their anti-proliferative activities against triple-negative breast cancer cells.
A responsive AIE-active fluorescent probe for visualization of acetylcholinesterase activityin vitroandin vivo
Authors: Xiang Chunbai , Dirak Musa , Luo Yuan , Peng Yonglin , Cai Lintao , Gong Ping , Zhang Pengfei , Kolemen Safacan
Published: May 2022

An aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active light up fluorescent probe (TCFPB-AChE) was developed for selectivein vitroandin vivoimaging of acetylcholinesterase activity.
Investigation on the thermo-electric-electrochemical characteristics of retired LFP batteries for echelon applications
Authors: Lv Youfu , Luo Weiming , Mo Ya , Zhang Guoqing
Published: May 2022

Electric vehicles (EVs) have been developed to alleviate environmental pollution and climate change, but they leave behind a large amount of retired lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
Fixed‐time non‐singular terminal sliding mode control with globally fast convergence
Authors: Li Huijie , Cai Yuanli
Published: May 2022

This paper investigates a fixed‐time terminal sliding mode (TSM) control scheme of second‐order non‐linear uncertain systems. A globally fast fixed‐time stable system is proposed, and the convergence time is established with the Lyapunov method. Then, a novel non‐singular TSM utilising the proposed fixed‐time stable system and an auxiliary polynomial function is constructed. Meanwhile, a fixed‐time disturbance observer technique is employed to estimate the matched lumped perturbation. Globally fast fixed‐time convergence of the closed‐loop system is guaranteed with the phase plane analysis and Lyapunov tools, and the upper bound of the settling time independent of the initial conditions can be predefined by the controller parameters. Finally, the simulation results of a single inverted pendulum system are included to confirm the validity of the proposed methodology while comparing with some popular TSM control strategies.
Passive radar downrange imaging with multiple transmitters and one receiver
Authors: Brandewie Aaron , Burkholder Robert J.
Published: May 2022

Passive radar systems use illuminators of opportunity to illuminate targets instead of dedicated radar transmitters. The signals of opportunity have lower bandwidth than dedicated active radar systems, leading to poor downrange resolution. Multiple signals of opportunity can be coherently combined to increase the overall bandwidth of the system, and therefore create finer resolution images. These signals are usually separated in the frequency domain (non‐contiguous), which causes large unwanted grating lobe artefacts in the image when using back‐projection or Fourier transform based imaging. Additionally, these signals may originate from transmitters not located at the same position. A calibration method is developed to align the downrange responses and coherently combine the two signals. A compressive sensing‐based algorithm is used to combine the calibrated non‐contiguous frequency data, and is shown to mitigate the grating lobe artefacts that occur when using a back‐projection algorithm. This approach is validated with simulated and experimental data from a passive radar system tracking a commercial airline using two digital television (DTV) broadcast transmitters.
Yutu-2 radar observation of the lunar regolith heterogeneity at the Chang’E-4 landing site
Authors: Ding Chunyu , Xiong Siting , Li Jing , Su Yan , Huang Shaopeng
Published: May 2022

Context.The lunar penetrating radar (LPR) carried by the Yutu-2 rover performed the first in situ measurement of the subsurface structure and physical properties of the subsurface materials on the far side of the Moon. It provides an unprecedented opportunity to study the formation and evolution of the lunar surface.

Aims.This paper aims to quantitatively estimate the heterogeneity of the lunar regolith using the high-frequency Yutu-2 radar observation and constrain the modeling parameters (e.g., autocorrelation length) on a radar simulation.

Methods.The heterogeneity of the lunar regolith was quantified by comparing the simulation and observation acquired by the high-frequency Yutu-2 radar within the first 17 lunar days after its landing. The radar simulation was determined by the numerical calculation of the stochastic regolith model. The change in the autocorrelation length to the modeling was derived by calculating the coarseness of the model.

Results.The disturbance range of the lunar regolith with a thickness of ~12 m at the Chang’E-4 landing site is constrained to be ~0.20 ± 0.06 m, indicating a high self-similarity. The stochastic model’s spatial disturbance is controlled by the autocorrelation length and is also scaled by the model size, and the radar scattering echo strength decreases with the increase in autocorrelation length.

Conclusions.We conclude that the heterogeneity of lunar regolith is positively related to the geological age. The application of the disturbance range at the decimeter scale might provide a valuable reference to assist in interpreting the radar observation data of the Moon (e.g., Arecibo radar, Min-SAR and Mini-RF, and in situ LPR).