bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems and solutions in the operation of belt conveyors in the river port RTC Luka Leget
Authors: Živanić Dragan , Zelić Atila , Katona Mirko
Published: November 2021

The paper presents a case study of gravel transshipment in RTC Luka Leget in Sremska Mitrovica, R. Serbia. Problems that led to the incorrect operation of conveyors used in the transshipment of gravel from barges to the separation plant were analyzed. They included activation the safety switch of the conveyor drive, backward movement of the material on the belt, fracture of the connection tension pulley - axle, etc. It was found that ignorance of the actual force in the conveyor belt leads to most of the problems and the need of a solution for this problem was highlighted. At the end, proposed solutions were given in order to establish the normal operation of the plant and to prevent delays in gravel transshipment.
Speed control of high power multiple drive belt conveyors
Authors: Vasić Milan , Miloradović Nenad , Blagojević Mirko
Published: November 2021

Belt conveyors play a very important role in the continuous transport o f bulk and piece material, especially in the mining industry. However, the use o f belt conveyors results in high electricity consumption. A reduction in the power consumption can be achieved by adjusting the speed o f the belt conveyor to match the material flow. However, inappropriate and frequent speed changes can cause serious damage to the conveyor elements. This paper presents a procedure for adjusting the belt conveyor speed to match the profile o f the material on the belt, as well as a detailed procedure for determining the time needed to accelerate/decelerate the belt conveyor. The research was performed on an actual 640 m long belt conveyor used for transport o f overburden at the surface mine Drmno (Serbia). The simulation results show that the speed regulation is completely justified because the conveyor operated at speeds lower than nominal throughout the testing.
Analysis of influence of circular hole on stress state of plate in pure bending condition
Authors: Petrović Dragan , Bižić Milan
Published: November 2021

The task of this paper is determining the zone of influence of a circular hole on the stress state of a homogeneous isotropic plate in pure bending condition. For solving the problem, the complex variable method was used which allows the complete analytical determination of the stresses at every point of the plate, and particularly on the contour of the circular hole. The analytical expressions for stresses in the plate of infinite dimensions were the basis for deriving a mathematical formulation which defines the zone as a function of diameter of the hole, inside which there is influence of the hole on the stress state of the plate. Obtained results are verified with FEM using the ANSYS software package whereby the input data for spatial discretization and mesh generation are not previously adjusted but was used a mesh that is generated automatically by the program.
Metodički potencijal modela obrnute učionice u nastavi prirode i društva
Authors: Blagdanić Sanja , Lukić Jelena
Published: November 2021

In the last few years, the concept of a flipped classroom has become relevant and is increasingly being used as a teaching model. The first introduction to the teaching contents no longer takes place at school, but at the students' home, through individual work. Teaching time is devoted to a more in-depth interpretation of the content. This paper presents the theoretical foundations of this model, the results of the previous research on the effectiveness of this model, as well as its implications in the Science and Social Studies classes. The aim of the conducted empirical research was to look at primary school teachers 'awareness of the flipped classroom model, their attitudes about the possibilities of applying this way of working in teaching Science and Social Studies, as well as teachers' self-assessment of their competencies for applying this model. The data were collected by an online survey of 105 teachers. The first part of the questionnaire examined teachers' awareness of the flipped classroom model and the frequency of its use in teaching Science and Social Studies. The second part of the questionnaire provides an explanation of the flipped classroom model together with an example of a scenario for a Science and Social Studies class based on this model. Through six statements, the teachers assessed the methodological potential of this model of work, as well as their own ability for this form of work, taking into account the presented scenario and their teaching experience. The obtained results show that teachers are not fully informed about the flipped classroom model, which conditions its relatively rare application in teaching, regardless of the pedagogical experience of teachers. After offering an explanation of the flipped classroom model and an example of one Science and Social Studies lesson scenario based on it, most teachers expressed a positive attitude towards this model, pointing out its advantages in the conative-social aspect (positive impact on learning motivation, possibility of individualization, better communication between teachers and students), while they showed less confidence in the positive impact on student achievement. Teachers' assessment of their own methodological competence for the application of this model shows that more than two thirds of teachers express the need for additional training for the application of the flipped classroom model in the first cycle of primary education.
Obrazovni efekti kontekstualnog učenja u nastavi srpskog jezika
Authors: Spasojević Vlatka , Ilić Mile
Published: November 2021

This research demonstrates the results of the first experimental assessment of the educational outcomes of contextual learning in the traditional and innovative teaching systems (responsible teaching and different complexity levels teaching). The ultimate aim of the experimental assessment is to determine whether the contextual learning in teaching process results in more favorable educational effects while being realistically assessed and whether it is possible to enhance the contextual learning and innovative teaching in our schools to overcome the limitations of mainly de-contextual learning based on the conservative didactic paradigm. During the 2018/19 school year, the experiment was carried out with grade five students from three elementary schools within the field of Serbian language. Each of the three elementary schools had two experimental and two assessment classes. The experimental effectiveness of the didactically and methodologically founded new exercises of contextual learning and complementary teaching was assessed. The method of an experiment with parallel groups, method of analysis and synthesis, and comparative method were applied in the research. After the initial and final assessment, it was determined that the systematic exercises of the contextual learning compared to the dominating de-contextual learning exercises made a significant impact on the increase of educational achievements determined by the reading speed and text comprehension tests. No significant impact was detected on the students' speaking ability. The obtained results provide more reliable starting points for more systematic and comprehensive pedagogical, psychological, didactical, and methodological research of contextual learning in the teaching process and indicate positive educational effects.
Ekološki pogledi na svet učenika osnovne i srednje škole - primena NEP skale
Authors: Stanišić Jelena
Published: November 2021

Attitudes towards environment represent the ways individuals perceive the world around them. Such attitudes are worth exploring because they frequently determine the behavior that either increases or decreases the quality of the environment. The aim of the paper is to investigate elementary and high school students' environmental worldviews and to determine the dimensionality of the NEP Scale on our sample. In addition, the aim of the paper is point to potential differences betweeen boys and girls as well as students with different school achievements. The environmental worldviews were analyzed using the NEP Scale (New Environmental/Ecological Paradigm). The research encompassed 402 students of age 13-15. The results show that our respondents demonstrate a slight tendency towards pro-environmentalism. Three factors were obtained using factor analysis: Environmental Crisis, (Anti) anthropocentrism, and (Anti) exemptionalism. The difference between the boys and girls became manifest in the third factor. According to the research results, girls are more inclined to believe that people, regardless of their aptitude to develop science and technology, cannot be exempt from the natural environment and cannot influence natural processes. School achievement is in positive correlation with the Environmental Crisis factor. The research results indicate that decision-makers in education, researchers, and practitioners have to deal with a serious task - they have to find the ways how to increase the impact of the regular, everyday school life on students' attitudes towards the environment.
Kako učenici osmog razreda osnovne škole i prvog razreda gimnazije interpretiraju reprezentacije strukture i sastava supstanci
Authors: Trivić Dragica , Ralević Lidija , Tomašević Biljana
Published: November 2021

The aim of this research is to examine how students in the eighth grade of elementary school and the first grade of high school interpret the representations of the structure and composition of substances and how successful they are in transforming the representations of one level into another. A total of 193 students participated in the research, 81 students of the eighth grade of elementary school and 112 students of the first grade of high school. According to the aim of the research and research questions, a test was prepared whose requirements referred to different levels of representations related to the structure of atoms, molecules and ions, chemical bonds, pure substances and mixtures. The students in the first grade of high school achieved a statistically significantly better overall achievement on the test compared to the students in the eighth grade of elementary school. The results of the research show that submicroscopic level representations help the eighth-grade students less in understanding the structure of atoms, molecules and ions, as well as the composition of pure substances and mixtures, while the first-grade high school students are more successful in their interpretation. In addition, the research results have shown that there are problems in translating the meaning of one level of representations to another, especially when information is conveyed using submicroscopic-level representations.
On open questions in Holocaust education
Authors: Kovač Danilo
Published: November 2021

Even though recent decades have borne witness to an increased educational interest in teaching the Holocaust, academic stances on why the topic should be taught still vary significantly. The aim of this paper is to present teaching interventions that would help educators to navigate through one of the most important open questions in Holocaust education: the question of aims. Three Holocaust-related teaching interventions, which themselves use open questions as the basis for teaching and learning, are presented and analysed. The open questions, as the background, allow the educators to simultaneously shift between various teaching aims. The interventions addressing the question of heroes, victims and bystanders, causal analysis of the Holocaust, and the responsibility of the Allies for the escalation of the Holocaust, are arranged in such a way so as to lead students from their day-today knowledge, through historical concepts, finally ending up addressing more abstract concepts. The analysis draws on literature related to both Holocaust education and the teaching of controversial issues, and covers a range of topics; from practical to more philosophical.
Uloga esej-testa u sticanju veštine čitanja i razumevanja pročitanog
Authors: Mrkalj Zona , Pejić Ana
Published: November 2021

The paper explores the role of the essay-test in acquiring reading and reading comprehension skills in the modern-day teaching of Serbian Language and Literature. The authors emphasize the importance of using essay-tests for obtaining the feedback on the reading comprehension level of the texts covered in regular classes, at final exams, and on the criteria-oriented knowledge tests. Two key domains are taken into consideration when designing the tasks: the narrative text, emhasizing its structure, narrative perspective, and the motivation of the characters in the function of artistic articulation; the cognitive approach to reading according to the constructive-integrative model of Walter Kintsch (Kintsch, 1988), relevant for presenting the reading construct and understanding the cognitive complexity of the tasks. The purpose of testing students using essay-tests derives from the need to assess the development of reading literacy among the students of the higher grades of elemen-tary school.
Employees organization/structure and functioning of the stem cell transplant center: How to optimize the transplant program?
Authors: Todorović-Balint Milena , Balint Bela , Đunić Irena , Smiljanić Mihailo , Mihaljević Biljana
Published: November 2021

There are four stem cell (SC) transplant centers in Serbia that carry out their activities within the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT). They are positioned in the Clinical Center of Serbia, Military Medical Academy, Institute for Mother and Child Healthcare "Dr. Vukan Čupić" and in the Clinical Center of Vojvodina. The aim of this paper is to analyze the basic approaches and aspects, as well as main parameters and guidelines - related to the optimization of the functioning of SC transplantation centers. The existence of a competent and motivated professional employees of the transplant center, as well as an adequate operational locality/area and up to date equipments are imperative for the successful performance of this specific and complex procedure. The current tendency - and in the near future an obligation or requirement - is for each transplant center within the EBMT to be fully staffed and structurally equipped and ready to be included in the accreditation process by the Joint Accreditation Committee International. Begining the accreditation process implies, in addition to the implementation of education and training of employees, the establishment and implementation of specific quality control standards (ISO 9001: 2015, ISO 13485, ISO 13485: 2016, ISO 15189: 2007, ISO 17025, ISO / IEC 7025: 2005). The activity indicators of every transplant center have to be transparent and presented by: the number of treated patients, the rate of transplant mortality, the duration and quality of patient's lives. Also important parameters are various methods of economic analyses - different specific cost-benefit analyses. In conclusion, in order to achieve consistent/comparable therapeutic effects and outcomes for patients globally - it is imperative that transplant centers and related organizations work together on the quality system assurance, using a continuous and adequate "educational and organizational-structural models".
Classification of mining waste landfills according to legislation in Serbia
Authors: Nišić Dragana , Pantelić Uroš , Aleksić Nikoleta , Nišić Neda
Published: November 2021

Risk-based classification of mining waste landfills is a very important procedure that can suggest what measures should be taken to prevent failures at landfills. In many countries there is a legal obligation to classify landfills, while Serbia has included this practice in its legislation by adopting the Bylaw on the conditions and procedure for issuing waste management permits, as well as criteria, characterization, classification and reporting on mining waste in 2017. As the implementation of the Bylaw began in 2020, there are still frequent doubts during the interpretation of the criteria that can classify the landfill in the proposed category A. Starting from this issue, this paper explains in detail all the provisions of the Bylaw dealing with the terms of classification. It is determined that the landfill is classified based on the possibility of a potential failure and the character and composition of the waste disposed on it, while the process of classification according to the consequences of the failure runs through three iterations, through which endangered humanity, source-path-recipient chain and significance of consequences are analyzed. Although risk assessment is not imposed as an obligation through the Bylaw, procedures that directly or indirectly refer to the results of risk analysis and embankment breach calculation are suggested on several occasions through the classification process. By applying the classification on a specific example of flotation tailings management facility of copper mine, it was found that the realistic risk-based classification of landfills requires a very detailed analysis of all criteria leading to the final category.
Hydrodynamic characteristics of the groundwater source "Kljuc" of the city of Pozarevac
Authors: Stepanović Milica , Bajić Dragoljub , Avramović Aleksandar , Tucaković Milan , Šikman Stefan
Published: November 2021

Geological and hydrogeological research conducted in the area of groundwater source "Kljuc" of the city of Pozarevac aimed primarily for determining the groundwater's balance amd reserves. The study groundwater source is used for water supply of about 55 000 inhabitants in the Branicevo district, with a total capacity of approximately 250 l/s. As part of the applied field hydrogeological methods in the study area, by its significance the method of Step-Test pumping, can be singled out. The data from the groundwater source obtained in this way were processed by graphoanalytical method of processing experimental pumping data in transient flow regime, ie application of Theiss solution of differential flow to define hydraulic parameters of well (hydraulic losses in well and filter zone), filtration parameters of the medium and maximum allowed capacities of the well. Hydraulic losses that occur mainly indicate the aging process of wells which usually results in a decrease in their capacity.
Configuring a new educational machine tool based on hybrid kinematic mechanism
Authors: Tabaković Slobodan , Živanović Saša , Zeljković Milan , Dimić Zoran
Published: November 2021

The paper shows the configuration of a new educational machine based on hybrid kinematics mechanism. The concept of a three-axis O-X hybrid mechanism is described, consisting of a single serial translational axis and a two-axis parallel mechanism that can operate in two variants, with extended form O and crossed form X-joints of the parallel mechanism. The virtual prototype of the machine was configured in a CAD/CAM environment, where simulations of the mechanism's operation were performed. A programming system for machine has been prepared that also enables program verification. An open architecture control system based on the LinuxCNC platform has been configured for control of the machine. The trial work of the machine was performed in order to verify the realized prototype and control.
Modal split changes in Serbian cities during COVID pandemic
Authors: Đorić Vladimir , Ivanović Ivan , Petrović Dragana
Published: November 2021

Modal split is one of the most important parameters used in transport planning. Modal split is often used as a base for strategic and operational decisions since it represents the share of different modes of transport in overall trips. The paper uses data [9] on travel characteristics collected using the same methodology, which makes them acceptable for comparison. The key results related to the changes in the use of different modes of transport during COVID pandemic are presented, as well as the attitudes about the primary problems related to mobility in Serbian cities. Statistical analysis defined the links between problems, system conditions and potential solutions, in order to change passenger behavior and finaly achieve a more favorable modal split.
Implementation of Lean in the function of production optimization: Problem framework
Authors: Stojanović Željko , Stanisavljev Sanja , Kavalić Mila
Published: November 2021

The paper deals with the discussion of the value framework for the implementation of the Lean philosophy in the function of achieving the optimal level of business of the organization. By systematizing the literature data, the paper provides a basic insight into the thoughts, ideas and attitudes of the Lean approach, observing it inevitably in the context of factors that affect the success of its implementation in manufacturing industries. Identifying the problem framework in which the idea of Lean philosophy is realized is one of the most critical aspects that helps organizations to identify and eliminate weaknesses of the industrial system by applying certain tools and techniques that will enable a more successful outcome of implementation of this methodology whose principles can improve company performance. The discussion of the basic methods of the Lean approach was conducted in a way that allows considering of the practical contribution of the methods in correlation with Lean as the basic strategy. The results of the research showed the existence of a wide range of complex phenomena at the level of the entire organization, which are in mutual interaction and which, by their action, hinder the certainty of the success of Lean implementation by applying pre-tested tools and methods.
Quality Management System and competitiveness in the modern business environment: A review of literature and business practice
Authors: Maljugić Biljana , Đorđević Dejan , Ćoćkalo Dragan
Published: November 2021

The aim of this paper is to consider the role of Quality Management System (QMS) in achieving the competitiveness of business organizations in the modern business environment. For the development of domestic economy, it is important to improve the way of doing business of domestic companies, following the example of the best world practices. The paper presents the experiences of international experts in the field of Quality Management Systems and the application of ISO Quality Management Standards, with the purpose of improving business performance and competitiveness of companies in the international market. The success of companies for doing business in the global market, due to everyday technological,economic and social changes, is basically based on a Quality Management System and ISO standards. The ISO 9001:2015 standard has brought improvements in the direction of Risk Management. Achieving competitiveness is achieved through adequate change management in the organization, Quality Management, innovative thinking and action, and standardized products of the highest quality.
Understanding cyber technologies in a physical way
Authors: Đekić Milica , Mester Gyula
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we would discuss a bit more how cyber technologies operate in a physical way and why it's important to understand the limitations of a physical reality. So commonly - mathematical terms would get assumed as abstract - so they could be considered as somehow perfect. On the other hand, the reality would offer many boundaries and obstacles that should be avoided or better explained. As it's known, cyber technologies belong to digital systems containing so many electronic components that would have their physical performances. Those performances as well as the entire cyber defense of such digital technologies would be analyzed deeper through this effort.
Role and importance of posterior malleolus fixation in trimaleolar fractures
Authors: Mladenović Marko , Stojiljković Predrag , Mladenović Desimir , Krstić Andrija , Anđelković Vladimir
Published: November 2021

Introduction - ankle fractures are third when it comes to frequency, right after hip and wrist joint fractures. Posterior malleolus fractures are common, comprising 7% to 44% of all ankle fractures, and are very rare on their own; that is a Volkmann triangle fracture. Ankle is a supporting joint in the human body, and fractures generally occur within rotation of the body with different fixed foot positions. The posterior malleolus is a very important structure in distal tibiofibular joint. Material and methods - we retrospectively present a group of 21 patients who had a fracture of the ankle and were surgically treated at the Clinic for Orthopedics and Traumatology in Niš during the period from January 2013 to December 2015. The basic criterion for surgical treatment was the size of the fragment, > 25% from tibial joint surface and dislocation >2mm. We systemized all ankle fractures according to the Lauge Hansen system, which is based on the mechanism of injury. We evaluated treatment results according to the Olerud-Molander classification, followed by subjective and objective signs. We systemized posterior malleolus fractures into three types, according to the Haraguchi classification. Results - etiological causes of the fractures are: a fall at the same level - sport, skating in 11 (52.3%) patients, a fall from a height in 6 (28.6%) and traffic accident in 4 (21.1%) patients. According to the Lauge Hansen classification, there were 15 (71.4%) patients with a SER-type fracture, 4 (19%) of the PER type, and 2 (9.6%) of the PA type. End result of the treatment was excellent in 13 (61.9%) patients, good in 7 (33.4%) and poor in 1 (4.7%) patient. Post-traumatic arthritis (PTA) was assessed one year after the surgery and level 1 and 2 were present in 12 (57.1%) patients.
Ultrasound characteristics of nodules in the thyroid gland
Authors: Aleksić Aleksandar , Mitov Vlada , Jolić Aleksandar , Antić Vanja , Savić Nataša
Published: November 2021

Nodules in the thyroid gland are very common and can be found in 50-68% of adults in the general population. Only about 5% of these nodules are malignant and require treatment. They usually do not give any discomfort. When they are discovered, they should be assessed on the basis of clinical, echosonographic and cytological findings, and if necessary, using additional diagnostic methods, and make a decision on the need for treatment. Based on the ultrasound characteristics of the nodule, it is decided whether further diagnosis is needed, in terms of aspiration puncture with a thin needle (FNA) and cytological examination, after which a decision is made on further procedure. Ultrasound is the initial diagnostic method for the detection of thyroid nodules. In addition to the presence of nodules, it accurately determines the size, location and number of nodules in the thyroid gland (thyroid). This noninvasive screening method is safe, harmless and can be repeated. FNA is a very important diagnostic method, but its performance must be selective, since systematic puncture of all nodes, regardless of size or appearance, is not recommended. It is important that the indications for FNA be based on clinical characteristics, as well as on echosonographic stratification of the risk of malignancy.
Uncertainty modeling using 929 intuitionistic fuzzy numbers
Authors: Milovanović Vladimir , Aleksić Aleksandar , Sokolović Vlada , Milenkov Marjan
Published: November 2021

Introduction/purpose: The paper discusses the selection of the most optimal supplier using the example of an unmanned aircraft when the decision maker has data of a qualitative nature. Problems that arise in practice in the selection of suppliers relate to the selection of adequate criteria as well as the way they are evaluated by the decision maker. One of the ways of assessing the criteria of a qualitative character is the usage of linguistic expressions, which gives decision makers the freedom to express their position and opinion through descriptive assessments. This method of assessment is not the most accurate and can introduce a certain amount of uncertainty for the decision maker. Methods: To solve the problem of uncertainty, the paper proposes a method of modeling data using intuitive phase numbers. Intuitive phase numbers are suitable for solving the problem of uncertainty in situations when it is necessary to review safety during the assessment. To rank suppliers, the ELECTRE method is used, which is adapted to intuitive phase numbers (IF ELECTRE). The IF ELECTRE method was chosen because it clearly presents the potential of all suppliers, i.e. their advantages and disadvantages in relation to the required criteria. Results: Using IF ELECTRE, the final results provide a shape of mutual preference or indifference between suppliers. The ranking clearly shows the potential of all suppliers, which in a future procurement can serve as a reference for decision making. Conclusion: The contribution of this paper is reflected in the proposed model that can be used in practice to solve not only the problem of supplier selection, but also similar problems where the decision is made based on inaccurate data. Using these models seeks to reduce indecision and subjectivity in decision making.
A new operation on soft sets: 791 extended symmetric difference of soft sets
Authors: Stojanović Nenad
Published: November 2021

Introduction/purpose: Molodtsov introduced the concept of soft sets as a new mathematical tool for dealing with problems containing uncertainties. In the literature, different kinds of operations of soft sets are defined and used in theory and applications. Methods: This study is based on the paper "A New Operation on Soft Sets: Extended Difference of Soft Sets" by Sezgin, Ahmad and Mehmood [Journal of New Theory 27 (2019) 33-42]. Results: In this paper, we define a new operation on soft sets, called extended symmetric difference and investigate its relationship between extended symmetric difference and restricted symmetric difference and some other operations of soft sets. Conclusion: The author believes that the obtained results represent a significant improvement of many known results in the existing literature.
Consequences of Brexit on the competition law and policy of the United Kingdom and the European Union
Authors: Mojašević Aleksandar , Stefanović Stefan
Published: November 2021

The subject matter of this paper are the short-term and long-term consequences of Brexit, a historical event and a turning point in the development of the European Union (EU), as well as for the United Kingdom (UK) and the EU competition law and policy. The article first provides a comparative analysis of the historical development of legal regulation of competition in the UK and the EU, including relevant cases from the practice of competition authorities. In particular, the authors focus on the decisions of the European Commission regarding anti-cartel policy. The article further examines to what extent Brexit will influence the mergers and acquisitions policy, antitrust policy, anti-cartel policy, and state aid policy in the UK and the EU. The central question refers to the extent of Brexit's influence on the change of the UK and the EU business environment, and the repercussions that this change will have for the competition law. In the concluding remarks, the authors discuss the direction of future development of the UK competition law, particularly in terms of whether and to what extent the UK law will be harmonized with the EU competition law and case law in this area, or whether there will be a radical turn towards adopting a completely new concept of competition law and policy.
The possibility of electronic delivery of acts related to exercising empoyees' rights and undertaking work-related obligations
Authors: Urdarević Bojan , Antić Aleksandar
Published: November 2021

In this paper, the authors tackle the issues related to the electronic delivery of acts related to exercising employees' rights and undertaking work-related obligations. The consideration is accompanied by an appropriate comparative law analysis. Emanating from mutual relations between the employer and the employee, the acts related to employees' rights and obligations are most often rescripts by which the employer decides on the employee's rights and obligations, but they also include written submissions that constitute official communication between the employee and the employer (such as requests, application, letters, etc.) In the Labor Act of the Republic of Serbia, the possibility of electronic delivery of acts deciding on the exercise of employees' rights and obligations is envisaged as an exception. Having in mind the development of information and communication technologies and the change in the mode of work caused thereby, especially during the "coronavirus" pandemic, it is necessary to envisage the possibility of electronic delivery of acts related to official communication between employers and employees in other cases, in addition to those currently provided in the Labor Act of the Republic of Serbia.
Publication of laws and other general acts: Hidden potentials of e-government
Authors: Jovanović Zoran , Andonović Stefan
Published: November 2021

The contemporary democratic values and the rule of law principles imply that all citizens are familiar with the laws and general acts passed by state bodies. Familiarity with the legal norms is the cornerstone of organized society, based on legal foreseeability and the possibility for making plans and decisions. For this purpose, the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia stipulates the obligation to publish laws and other general acts in the public journal (Official Gazette) before their entry into force, so that all interested parties can get familiar with them. However, in the contemporary circumstances of extensive legislative work and a huge number of regulatory acts which are enacted on a daily basis, it seems that citizens and business entities cannot keep up with them all. It poses a risk of harmful consequences for the state, citizens, business entities and other interested stakeholders who fails to comply with the enacted provisions. It gives rise to the following question: is the mere act of publication of laws and general acts in the Official Gazette sufficient in terms of making the interested subjects aware of the new laws and making them comply with the enacted provisions? The authors of the paper believe that it is necessary to go a step further, in the direction of ensuring the active role of the state and, in particular, transforming the mere "publication" of laws into the practice of providing "information" about new regulations. Digitalization and e-government offer ample possibilities for informing the citizens about new regulations. By using different electronic communication tools and developing the potentials of one-stop-shop administrative services, state authorities may ensure a higher degree of Compliance with the enacted legal norms. In this paper, the authors aim to contribute to the discussion on these issues by offering their proposals on this matter.
The Court of Justice of the European Union and the autonomous restrictive measures against natural and legal persons and non-state entities within the EU common foreign and security policy
Authors: Tučić Boris
Published: November 2021

As a part of its specific policies, the EU creates and implements numerous restrictive measures against different subjects. In recent years, the most interesting ones, especially from the perspective of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), have been the autonomous restrictive measures against natural and legal persons and other non-state entities within the Union`s Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). After years of legal wandering in this regard, the Lisbon Treaty finally offered an explicit legal basis for this kind of measures, envisaging, as well, for the first time, the CJEU`s jurisdiction in the field of CFSP in some cases, including the one related to reviewing the legality of decisions providing for restrictive measures against natural or legal persons adopted by the Council of the EU on the basis of Chapter 2 of Title V of the Treaty of the European Union. In this regard, the subject matter of this paper are the activities of the EU courts related to the autonomous restrictive measures against individual subjects, analyzed at several relevant although inseparable levels. The first one considers the intention of the CJEU to "use" the situation regarding the autonomous restrictive measures in order to strengthen its position and competences within the CFSP. The second one is oriented to the efforts of the courts to secure the balance between the effectiveness of the CFSP instruments, on the one hand, and the protection of some of the major principles and values of the EU legal order, on the other hand, such as the rule of law, legal certainty, effective judicial protection or the protection of human rights as guaranteed by the EU Law in general. Thirdly, a very important step in this context has been the jurisprudential identification of the key procedural requirements that the Council`s decisions providing for restrictive measures must fulfill as well (aka the designation criteria, statements of reasons criteria and supporting evidence criteria). By constantly insisting on the fulfillment of these criteria, the EU courts exerted a pressure on the Council to improve its decisions providing restrictive measures in a qualitative manner. Recent jurisprudence, such as the Rosneft or Bank Refah Kargaran cases, shows that there is still enough space for the Court`s interventions in this field, and that some interesting Court`s decisions, related to its position within the CFSP or the general relation between the CFSP and other forms of Union`s external activities, could be expected in the years to come.
Subsidiary and analogous application of Law in general administrative procedure
Authors: Prica Miloš
Published: November 2021

Considering that the expansion of legal regulation and multiplication of legal norms in the legal order of the Republic of Serbia have engendered over two hundred (substantive and procedural) legislative acts referring to the application of the General Administrative Procedure Act (GAPA), there is no general law in the Serbian legal order that could be compared to the GAPA in terms of correlation with other laws. Yet, in our judicature and legal science, there are no clear criteria for regulating the relationship between the GAPA and other (subject-specific) legislative acts referring to the application of the GAPA provisions. The relationship between the GAPA and subject-specific legislative acts may be based on the regime of legal subordination and the regime of legal referral. It further leads to the distinction between subsidiary and analoguous application of the general law, which is the author's original standpoint. Analogous application entails the application of the general law in accordance with the nature of the relationship between the legal procedure rules and the subject matter of legal regulation, whereas subsidiary application entails the application of the general law as a whole in all matters which are not regulated by a subject-specific law. In view of the obligation to harmonize subject-specific legislative acts with the GAPA, the author is of the opinion that such harmonization cannot be put into effect without amending the GAPA. Therefore, the GAPA provisions shall: (1) embody the distinction between subsidiary and analogous application of the GAPA, and (2) strengthen the direct application of the GAPA in administrative matters.
Conditions and effects of environmental legislation changes: Twenty years from the beginning of the Europeanization process in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Todić Dragoljub
Published: November 2021

The Europeanization process, conceived as harmonisation of national regulations with EU legislation, is a complex process which is marked by various socioeconomic and political conditions. For more than nine years, the Republic of Serbia (RS) has been a European Union (EU) candidate country. In response to the defined objectives, the process of preparing and adopting regulations has been partly changed in the RS. However, the procedure still does not provide full perception and consideration of the specific conditions and possibilities of the RS economy and the society. In addition, the harmonization and implementation process has been facing a number of other challenges. Taking the example of environmental legislation of the RS and evaluating the conditions under which environmental laws were prepared and implemented, the paper explains the effects and limitations of the Europeanization process. The data show that there are some results in the harmonization and implementation of regulations that are in line with EU regulations. Almost all key environmental laws have been adopted, as well as a large number of bylaws. However, the huge implementation costs represent one of the long-term obstacles to achieving the goals of Europeanization.
Coronary Perforation- A Nightmare in Cath Lab
Authors: Thakur Ashok Kumar , Aggarwal Puneet , Bharadwaj Rajeev , Pandit Bhagya Narayan , Nath Ranjit Kumar
Published: November 2021

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is now the standard of care in patients with coronary artery disease. With advances in modern technology, the success of PCI has relatively increased, and so is its complication, specifically in complex coronary intervention. Coronary perforation is one of the most dreadful and life-threatening complications of PCI. The most vital step in the management of coronary perforation is its identification and quick action. Multiple methods for management are now recommended in the literature, but the mainstay of treatment is still prevention. This review discusses the incidence, risk factors, prevention, identification, and management of Coronary Artery Perforation (CAP).
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Coronary Artery Disease among South Indian Women- A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sankaran Ramesh , Senguttuvan Nagendra Boopathy , Balakrishnan Vinod Kumar , Ramamurthy Muralidharan Thoddi , Vallivedu ManoVikash , Shanmugasundram Sadhanandham , Panchanatham Manokar , Venkata Balasubramaniyan Jayanthy
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is increasing among Indian women and is the leading cause of death. Clinical presentation of CAD in women can widely vary from atypical chest pain, silent ischemia to massive myocardial infarction and death. Women have poor prognosis than men after myocardial infarction and are less likely to undergo revascularisation compared to men. Aim: To study the risk factors, clinical characteristics, severity of CAD and to evaluate the outcomes in women undergoing coronary angiogram. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 912 women who had undergone coronary angiogram in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2018. The patients were divided into three groups- Group A consisted of 230 (25%) women with age <50 years. Group B consisted of 591 (65%) women with age between 50 to 69 years. Group C consisted of 91 (10%) women with age >70 years. Continuous variables were analysed by paired t-test and categorical variables were analysed by chi-square test. Results: Most women were post menopausal (73.6%). Common risk factors were diabetes mellitus (63%) hypertension (56%), and hypothyroidism (16.8%). Out of the total study population, 51% (n=466) presented with a diagnosis of chronic stable angina, 34.7% (n=317) presented with acute coronary syndrome, and 7% (n=66) had atypical chest pain. Out of 500 patients with significant CAD, requiring revascularisation only 316 (63.2%) had undergone interventions out of which 193 (61%) had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention and 123 (39%) had undergone Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) as the modality of revascularisation. conclusion: Clinical presentation of CAD in women varies widely from atypical chest pain to acute infarction. Diabetes and hypertension are the most common risk factors for CAD in our study. Chronic stable angina was the most common spectrum of presentation. Single vessel disease is the most common finding on coronary angiogram.
Splenic Haematoma as a Rare Cause of Pleural Effusion: A Case Report
Authors: Dutta Kashish , Kumar Anuj , Jaggi Surabhi , Sodhi Mandeep Kaur , Aggarwal Deepak
Published: November 2021

Pleural effusion has various aetiologies, mostly located either in the lung parenchyma or in the pleura. Subphrenic causes, leading to exudative pleural effusion are uncommon. Authors hereby, presented a case of a 50-year-old female with recurrent left sided pleural effusion. The effusion was haemorrhagic, exudative with low Adenosine Deaminase (ADA), and no malignant cells on cytology. Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) thorax and upper abdomen showed an incidental splenic haematoma. With conservative treatment, splenic haematoma and adjoining pleural effusion resolved completely. Thus, this case highlights splenic haematoma as a rare but important cause of pleural effusion.
Safety and Efficacy of Fixed Drug Combination Tenofovir, Lamivudine and Efavirenz to Prevent Transmission of HIV
Authors: Sirohi Pramendra , Dabas Anubhav , Nehara Hardeva Ram , Chhimpa Atma Ram , Barodia Mahesh Kumar , Kumar Rakesh
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Mother-to-child transmission of HIV can occur during pregnancy, labour, or breastfeeding. The first-line regimen for prophylaxis in HIV infected pregnant women is combination of Tenofovir, Lamivudine and Efavirenz (TLE). Aim: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the TLE regimen in the Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. Materials and Methods: The present hospital-based, retrospective cohort study was conducted at ART centre, Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission (PPTCT) centre, and Department of Medicine, SP Medical College, Bikaner from July 2016 to June 2019. HIV positive gravidas, on triple-drug regimen TLE (Tenofovir 300 mg, Lamivudine 300 mg, Efavirenz 600 mg) before conception and, those detected HIV reactive antenatally during study period were included in this study and started on TLE regimen. After delivery, these newborns were given syrup Nevirapine as per the PPTCT guidelines. Infants were tested with Rapid test and PCR for HIV, at six weeks, six months, 12 months, and 18 months of life. Results: Out of 87 pregnant women, enrolled and delivered at the study institute, 85 were live births and two were stillbirths. Out of 85 live-born babies, four have died during infancy and two were lost to follow-up despite repeated counselling. Five babies were referred to nearby Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) centers. So, the study followed 74 babies out of which one girl child was found to be positive for HIV-1 at 18 months of age (transmission rate of HIV was 1.35 and efficacy of TLE 98.65%). No major adverse effects of TLE were noted and all women continued TLE. Conclusion: The use of a triple-drug regimen (TLE) declined the risk of transmission of HIV from mother-to-child at negligible level, without drug resistance and with safety and tolerability as compared to single drug.