bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supramolecular 3d–4f single-molecule magnet architectures
Authors: Schmitz Sebastian , van Leusen Jan , Izarova Natalya V. , Lan Yanhua , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Kögerler Paul , Monakhov Kirill Yu.
Published: September 2016

Cooperative hydrogen bonds are key to the formation of nanosized {[{LnIII}{H2O⊂CrIII3LnIII6}]2(H2O)}-type single-molecule magnets, templated by a central water triad.
Searching for novel reusable biomass-derived solvents: furfuryl alcohol/water azeotrope as a medium for waste-minimised copper-catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition
Authors: Rasina Dace , Lombi Aurora , Santoro Stefano , Ferlin Francesco , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: September 2016

Herein we report the first application of the furfuryl alcohol/water azeotrope as a sustainable and easily recoverable reaction medium for organic chemistry. As first applicantion we have defined a waste-oinimized protocol for click-chemistry synthesi of 1,2,3-triazoles.
Two-dimensional elemental mapping using glow discharge mass spectrometry
Authors: Konarski P. , Miśnik M. , Zawada A.
Published: September 2016

We present a simple modification in the design of glow discharge mass spectrometry (GD-MS) system that allows for two-dimensional (2D) elemental imaging.
DFT investigation of Ni-doped graphene: catalytic ability to CO oxidation
Authors: Xu Xian-Yan , Li Jing , Xu Huiying , Xu Xianfang , Zhao Cunyuan
Published: September 2016

Theoretical investigations predict that Ni-doped graphene is a promising catalyst for CO oxidation at mild temperatures.
Magnetic nanoparticles with chelating shells prepared by RAFT/MADIX polymerization
Authors: Markiewicz Karolina H. , Zembko Paula , Półtorak Katarzyna , Misztalewska Iwona , Wojtulewski Sławomir , Majcher Anna M. , Fornal Emilia , Wilczewska Agnieszka Z.
Published: September 2016

Complexing and easily separable polymer–magnetic nanohybrids based on iron oxide nanoparticles and original carbamohydrazonothioate derivatives.
Advances in the synthesis of glycosidic macrolides: clavosolides A–D and cyanolide A
Authors: Lee Kiyoun , Lanier Megan L. , Kwak Jae-Hwan , Kim Hyoungsu , Hong Jiyong
Published: September 2016

This review covers the isolation, structure determination, biological activity, and synthesis of clavosolides A–D and cyanolide A.
Total synthesis of diptoindonesin G and its analogues as selective modulators of estrogen receptors
Authors: Liu Ji-tian , Do Truman J. , Simmons Christopher J. , Lynch John C. , Gu Wen , Ma Zhi-Xiong , Xu Wei , Tang Weiping
Published: September 2016

We have developed a versatile synthetic strategy for the synthesis of the natural product diptoindonesin G and its analogues as selective modulators of estrogen receptors.
Chronopharmacokinetics and mechanisms of gefitinib in a nude mice model of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Le , Li Lujia , Zhao Liyan , Liu Changjiao , Liu Jiao , Liu Liang , Lin Pingping , Liu Bo , Li Mingchun
Published: September 2016

Circadian rhythms may influence the pharmacokinetics of drugs.
Carbonylative coupling of aryl tosylates/triflates with arylboronic acids under CO atmosphere
Authors: Hao Cheng Yi , Wang Dan , Li Ya Wei , Dong Lin Lin , Jin Ying , Zhang Xiu Rong , Zhu He Yun , Chang Sheng
Published: September 2016

The carbonylative Suzuki–Miyaura reaction between aryl tosylates/triflates with arylboronic acid is herein reported, using base-free conditions and a balloon pressure of carbon monoxide.
Room temperature magnetoelectric multiferroic behavior of 50 mol% Fe substituted PbTiO3 (PbTi0.5Fe0.5O3−δ) nanoparticles
Authors: Aggarwal Snehlata , Chakrabarti S. , Pinto R. , Palkar V. R.
Published: September 2016

The magnetic, ferroelectric and magnetoelectric measurements at room temperature corroborate the multiferroic nature of Pb(Fe0.5Ti0.5)O3−δ nanoparticles with significant magnetoelectric coupling.
1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone–copper(ii) supported on superparamagnetic Fe3O4@SiO2: an efficient catalyst for N-arylation of nitrogen heterocycles and alkylamines with aryl halides and click synthesis of 1-aryl-1,2,3-triazole derivatives
Authors: Zahmatkesh Saeed , Esmaeilpour Mohsen , Javidi Jaber
Published: September 2016

1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone–copper(ii) supported on superparamagnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 catalyst was employed for the N-arylation of nitrogen heterocycles and alkylamines.
Synthesis and characterization of Cu–MoS2 hybrids and their influence on the thermal behavior of polyvinyl chloride composites
Authors: Zhou Keqing , Gui Zhou , Hu Yuan
Published: September 2016

In this work, Cu–MoS2 hybrids were synthesized by a facile wet chemical method.
Fabrication of highly selective molecularly imprinted membranes for the selective adsorption of methyl salicylate from salicylic acid
Authors: Mao Yanli , Meng Minjia , Yan Li , Sun Fengquan , Yan Yongsheng , Liu Shijuan
Published: September 2016

Highly selective molecularly imprinted membranes for methyl salicylate were synthesized with 4-vinylpyridine, acrylamide or methacrylic acid as the functional monomer based on the Al2O3 microporous ceramic membrane.
Flour food waste derived activated carbon for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Zhan Changzhen , Yu Xiaoliang , Liang Qinghua , Liu Wei , Wang Yanbo , Lv Ruitao , Huang Zheng-Hong , Kang Feiyu
Published: September 2016

Activated carbon was prepared by carbonization of flour food waste residue and subsequent KOH activation. It shows great prospects in high-performance supercapacitor applications.
A highly selective colorimetric chemosensor for detection of iodide ions in aqueous solution
Authors: Chen Jie , Lin Qi , Li Qiao , Li Wen-Ting , Zhang You-Ming , Wei Tai-Bao
Published: September 2016

A simple chemosensor can be used as a colorimetric sensor for the highly selective and sensitive detection of iodide anions in aqueous solution.
The interparticle coupling effect of gold nanoparticles in confined ordered mesopores enhances high temperature catalytic oxidation
Authors: Li Renhong , Zhu Xiaohui , Shou Donghai , Zhou Xin , Yan Xiaoqing
Published: September 2016

Interparticle coupling effect of AuNPs within 3-D ordered mesopores improves their thermal stability and catalytic oxidation properties.
Controllable hydrothermal synthesis of Eu3+/Tb3+/Dy3+ activated Zn8[(BO3)3O2(OH)3] micro/nanostructured phosphors: energy transfer and tunable emissions
Authors: Liang P. , Liu J. W. , Liu Z. H.
Published: September 2016

When Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions are co-doped into the ZBH matrix, the phosphor yielded tunable emissions. The concentration of rare earth doped can change the composition and further change the morphology and the luminescence properties.
Silver nanoparticle-embedded RGO-nanosponge for superior catalytic activity towards 4-nitrophenol reduction
Authors: Vellaichamy Balakumar , Periakaruppan Prakash
Published: September 2016

The present work highlights a bio-inspired synthesis of uniform 2 nm sized plasmonic silver nanospheres (Ag-NSs) embedded in reduced graphene oxide nanosponge (RGONS) using Tabebuia berteroi leaf extract.
Keratin-reinforced cellulose filaments from ionic liquid solutions
Authors: Kammiovirta Kari , Jääskeläinen Anna-Stiina , Kuutti Lauri , Holopainen-Mantila Ulla , Paananen Arja , Suurnäkki Anna , Orelma Hannes
Published: September 2016

Cellulose-based filaments produced with ionic liquid-based processes have high application potential in textiles and composites to replace cotton fibres.
Cadmium(ii) carboxyphosphonates based on mixed ligands: syntheses, crystal structures and recognition properties toward amino acids
Authors: Zhao Zhou , Yang Dan , Xing Bo , Ma Chao , Sun Zhen-Gang , Zhu Yan-Yu , Li Huan-Yu , Li Jing
Published: September 2016

Three novel cadmium(ii) carboxyphosphonates have been hydrothermally synthesized. The luminescence properties of compounds 1–3 have been investigated. Meanwhile, the excellent abilities of compounds 2 and 3 for selective recognition of tryptophan (Trp) have been demonstrated.
Design of boronic acid-attributed carbon dots on inhibits HIV-1 entry
Authors: Fahmi M. Z. , Sukmayani W. , Khairunisa Siti Qamariyah , Witaningrum A. M. , Indriati D. W. , Matondang M. Q. Y. , Chang J.-Y. , Kotaki T. , Kameoka M.
Published: September 2016

The development of gp120 targeted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug has improved antiretroviral therapies owing to its effects on attachment to target cells.
Epitaxial growth of unusual 4H hexagonal Ir, Rh, Os, Ru and Cu nanostructures on 4H Au nanoribbons
Authors: Fan Zhanxi , Chen Ye , Zhu Yihan , Wang Jie , Li Bing , Zong Yun , Han Yu , Zhang Hua
Published: September 2016

This edge article reports the epitaxial growth of five 4H hexagonal metal nanostructures on 4H Au nanoribbons under ambient conditions.
Four-step iron(ii) spin state cascade driven by antagonistic solid state interactions
Authors: Sciortino Natasha F. , Zenere Katrina A. , Corrigan Maggie E. , Halder Gregory J. , Chastanet Guillaume , Létard Jean-François , Kepert Cameron J. , Neville Suzanne M.
Published: September 2016

A rare four-step spin crossover transition has been attained in a two-dimensional Hofmann-type material through the presence of an array of antagonistic host–host and host–guest interactions.
Photoluminescence, cathodoluminescence and micro-Raman investigations of monoclinic nanometre-sized Y2O3 and Y2O3:Eu3+
Authors: den Engelsen Daniel , Ireland Terry G. , Harris Paul G. , Fern George R. , Reip Paul , Silver Jack
Published: September 2016

Herein we describe a large scale synthesis of nanosized, monoclinic Y2O3 and Y2O3:Eu3+ with 2 mol% Eu3+ in a plasma-discharge chamber.
Unusual fluorescence and sol–gel transition properties of a pyridine-based polymeric gel formed via the hydrazone reaction
Authors: Choi Yeonweon , Lee Shim Sung , Jung Jong Hwa
Published: September 2016

A polymeric gel via the hydrazone reaction was prepared.
Synthetic cannabinoid, JWH-030, induces QT prolongation through hERG channel inhibition
Authors: Yun Jaesuk , Yoon Kyung Sik , Lee Tac-Hyung , Lee Hyunjin , Gu Sun Mi , Song Yun Jeong , Cha Hye Jin , Han Kyoung Moon , Seo Hyewon , Shin Jisoon , Park Hye-Kyung , Kim Hyung Soo , Kim Young-Hoon
Published: September 2016

The problem of new psychoactive substance (NPS) abuse, which includes synthetic cannabinoids, is emerging globally, and the cardiotoxicity of these synthetic cannabinoids has not yet been evaluated extensively.
Lidcombe Program Webcam Treatment for Early Stuttering: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bridgman Kate , Onslow Mark , O’Brian Susan , Jones Mark , Block Susan
Published: September 2016

Purpose

Webcam treatment is potentially useful for health care in cases of early stuttering in which clients are isolated from specialized treatment services for geographic and other reasons. The purpose of the present trial was to compare outcomes of clinic and webcam deliveries of the Lidcombe Program treatment (Packman et al., 2015) for early stuttering.

Method

The design was a parallel, open plan, noninferiority randomized controlled trial of the standard Lidcombe Program treatment and the experimental webcam Lidcombe Program treatment. Participants were 49 children aged 3 years 0 months to 5 years 11 months at the start of treatment. Primary outcomes were the percentage of syllables stuttered at 9 months postrandomization and the number of consultations to complete Stage 1 of the Lidcombe Program.

Results

There was insufficient evidence of a posttreatment difference of the percentage of syllables stuttered between the standard and webcam Lidcombe Program treatments. There was insufficient evidence of a difference between the groups for typical stuttering severity measured by parents or the reported clinical relationship with the treating speech-language pathologist.

Conclusions

This trial confirmed the viability of the webcam Lidcombe Program intervention. It appears to be as efficacious and economically viable as the standard, clinic Lidcombe Program treatment.
Clinical Characteristics of Voice, Speech, and Swallowing Disorders in Oromandibular Dystonia
Authors: Kreisler Alexandre , Verpraet Anne-Caroline , Veit Solène , Pennel-Ployart Odile , Béhal Hélène , Duhamel Alain , Destée Alain
Published: September 2016

Purpose

To better define the clinical characteristics of idiopathic oromandibular dystonia, we studied voice, speech, and swallowing disorders and their impact on activities of daily living.

Method

Fourteen consecutive patients with idiopathic oromandibular dystonia and 14 matched, healthy control subjects were included in the study.

Results

Dysarthria was the most common disorder and its characteristics varied from one patient to another. However, we frequently observed a hyperkinetic, dysarthric profile characterized by imprecise consonants, a rough voice, changes in intensity, and hypernasality. Dysphagia appeared to be slightly less frequent and less disabling than dysarthria. Most patients had difficulty swallowing solids, and the oral phase was particularly problematic. Dysarthria and dysphagia affected activities of daily living in general and the psychological/emotional domain in particular.

Conclusions

The characteristics of dysarthria in oromandibular dystonia vary significantly from one patient to another due to differences in the set of affected muscles, so each patient should receive a personalized rehabilitation program. Dysarthria was the most prominent symptom, although spasmodic dysphonia was more frequent than expected. Further laboratory-based studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms and consequences of dysphagia in oromandibular dystonia.
Cumulant based maximum likelihood classification for overlapped signals
Authors: Huang Sai , Yao Yuanyuan , Xiao Yan , Feng Zhiyong
Published: September 2016

A novel automatic modulation classification algorithm named cumulant‐based maximum likelihood classification (CMLC) is proposed for overlapped sources. The sample estimate of cumulant is utilised for classification and classification decision is made by maximising the asymptotic distribution function of the cumulant. Simulation results prove the superior performance of CMLC over existing algorithms.
Cardiac ultrasonography over 4G wireless networks using a tele‐operated robot
Authors: Avgousti Sotiris , Panayides Andreas S. , Jossif Antonis P. , Christoforou Eftychios G. , Vieyres Pierre , Novales Cyril , Voskarides Sotos , Pattichis Constantinos S.
Published: September 2016

This Letter proposes an end‐to‐end mobile tele‐echography platform using a portable robot for remote cardiac ultrasonography. Performance evaluation investigates the capacity of long‐term evolution (LTE) wireless networks to facilitate responsive robot tele‐manipulation and real‐time ultrasound video streaming that qualifies for clinical practice. Within this context, a thorough video coding standards comparison for cardiac ultrasound applications is performed, using a data set of ten ultrasound videos. Both objective and subjective (clinical) video quality assessment demonstrate that H.264/AVC and high efficiency video coding standards can achieve diagnostically‐lossless video quality at bitrates well within the LTE supported data rates. Most importantly, reduced latencies experienced throughout the live tele‐echography sessions allow the medical expert to remotely operate the robot in a responsive manner, using the wirelessly communicated cardiac ultrasound video to reach a diagnosis. Based on preliminary results documented in this Letter, the proposed robotised tele‐echography platform can provide for reliable, remote diagnosis, achieving comparable quality of experience levels with in‐hospital ultrasound examinations.
Efficient inter‐carrier interference cancellation transmissions for cooperative networks with frequency offsets
Authors: Li Yun , Jiang Hua , Yu Yao , Du Sidan
Published: September 2016

This study discusses new frequency reversal orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing schemes for cooperative networks in order to minimise the effect of multiple carrier frequency offsets. Theorem 1 proposed and proved in this study tells that zero‐forcing (ZF) decoding is equivalent to maximum‐likelihood (ML) decoding if the equivalent channel matrix is complex orthogonal. Frequency reversal Alamouti code for two‐relay scenario and new space‐frequency codes for more relay nodes scenario are designed under the guidance of Theorem 1. The reversal operations of these codes make the equivalent channel matrix between the relays and the destination complex orthogonalised. Thus, ZF decoding achieves the advantages of ML decoding, and simulation results also confirm that. Benefiting from the simplified ZF decoding method in Theorem 1, the decoding complexity becomes really low.
Theoretical error for asynchronous multi‐user large‐scale MIMO channel estimation
Authors: Kobayashi Ricardo Tadashi , Abrão Taufik
Published: September 2016

In this study, the effects of pilot asynchronism on channel estimation of multi‐user multiple‐input multiple‐output systems are analysed. Classical linear sequences such as Gold, Walsh–Hadamard and quaternary were deployed as pilots in large‐scale MIMO context aiming to trace their behaviour in asynchronous scenarios. Through this study, it was derived a closed form expression for the channel estimate error, suggesting that asynchronism on channel estimation may introduce deviations from the actual channel and spatial correlation, which decreases the overall performance. Numerical results also demonstrated performance degradation of the single‐cell massive MIMO system as asynchronism increases, besides of highlighting the effect of the bit‐error‐rate floor as the number of base stations antennas increases in such scenarios.
Investigation of displacement measurement method based on fringing field capacitor
Authors: Wang Wenlian , Wang Wenxia , Liu Zhe
Published: September 2016

Capacitive fringing field sensors have been used in some non‐contact detections. A lateral displacement measurement method based on fringing field capacitors is investigated by simulations and experiments in this study. For the conventional interdigitated structure, the periodic electric field distribution is obtained because of those alternate electrodes, which produces periodic capacitances along with the target displacement. However, it is inconvenient to construct measurement systems due to the non‐linear capacitance output. A dentate structure is proposed to improve the output characteristics of displacement measurement. The periodic uniform electric field is achieved by the dentate electrodes, which brings the linear capacitance variation in every period. Indium–tin oxide film was employed to fabricate a prototype, and the experiment results indicate that the dentate structure can be used in the lateral displacement measurement for its linear output characteristics.
Respiratory Outcome after Preterm Birth: A Long and Difficult Journey
Authors: Priante Elena , Moschino Laura , Mardegan Veronica , Manzoni Paolo , Salvadori Sabrina , Baraldi Eugenio
Published: September 2016

Despite notable advances in the survival and management of preterm infants in recent decades, chronic lung disease remains a common complication. Approximately one in three infants born preterm (< 32 weeks of gestation) are hospitalized with respiratory problems (mainly due to infections) in their first 2 years of life, and the risk of childhood wheezing is three times higher in this population. By comparison with infants born at term, there seems to be a higher incidence of respiratory morbidity in those born preterm, even in the absence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and in late-preterm babies. Although long-term follow-up data are still not collected systematically, there is evidence of preterm infants' respiratory symptoms, lung function impairments, and radiological abnormalities, tending to persist throughout childhood and into early adulthood. Respiratory conditions associated with preterm birth are often diagnosed and treated as asthma, but the pathophysiological patterns of BPD and asthma are very different. Future research should focus on characterizing preterm infants' pathological pulmonary features by gestational age at birth, and presence or absence of BPD. Improving our current knowledge of the respiratory disorder associated with prematurity might hopefully prompt targeted follow-up protocols, and novel prevention strategies and treatment approaches.
Umgang mit Elternschaft psychiatrischer Patienten in der stationären Behandlung: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen aus subjektiver Sicht psychiatrischer Fachkräfte
Authors: Checchia Carmen , Badura-Lotter Gisela , Kilian Reinhold , Becker Thomas , Krumm Silvia
Published: September 2016

Ziel der Studie Sichtweisen psychiatrischer Fachkräfte zum Umgang mit Elternschaft von PatientInnen während der stationären Behandlung.

Methode Inhaltsanalytische Auswertung von 31 problemzentrierten Leitfadeninterviews.

Ergebnisse Aus Sicht der Fachkräfte ist Elternschaft vor allem hinsichtlich der kindlichen Versorgung bei stationärer Aufnahme relevant. Krankheitsbedingte Einschränkungen und Ängste der PatientInnen sowie mangelnde Kenntnisse und fehlende Zeit in der Versorgung werden als hinderlich bei der Berücksichtigung von Elternschaft benannt.

Diskussion Abbau struktureller Barrieren.
Regionalbudgets in der Psychiatrie: Eine Alternative zu tagesgleichen Pflegesätzen und zum zukünftigen Finanzierungssystem?
Authors: Schröder Bernward , Fleßa Steffen
Published: September 2016

Ziel der Studie Untersucht wurde, welchen Einfluss der Wechsel von einem Vergütungssystem mit Pflegesätzen zu einem Regionalbudget auf die Behandlung ausübt.

Methodik Es wurden Routinedaten zweier Kliniken über 10 Jahre ausgewertet.

Ergebnis Nach dem Wechsel fand die Behandlung vermehrt tagesklinisch und ambulant statt.

Schlussfolgerung Der Vergütungssystemwechsel war Ursache der Veränderung. Da sich ähnliche Effekte auch bei einer Umstellung vom neuen Entgeltsystem der Psychiatrie auf das Regionalbudget erwarten lassen, ist das regionale Budget eine sinnvolle Alternative.
Arbeitsbedingte virale Infektionen in der Pflege – eine Umfrage
Authors: Wicker S. , Rabenau H. , Schachtrupp A. , Schalk R.
Published: September 2016

Hintergrund und Ziel der Studie Medizinisches Personal hat ein arbeitsbedingtes Infektionsrisiko und kann Infektionen auf Patienten übertragen. Die Akzeptanz von Schutzmaßnahmen steht in direktem Zusammenhang mit Wissen und Risikoeinschätzung der medizinischen Beschäftigten.
Ziel unserer Studie war es, das Wissen und die subjektive Risikowahrnehmung der Mitarbeiter in der Pflege bezüglich arbeitsbedingter Infektionen und Impfungen sowie die Häufigkeit von Nadelstichverletzungen (NSV) auch in Abhängigkeit ihres Ausbildungsstands zu erheben.

Methodik Im Rahmen der Veranstaltung „Fortbildung für Pflegende 2015“ führten wir unter den Teilnehmern eine anonyme Fragebogenerhebung durch.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Die Pflegenden hatten nur unzureichende Kenntnisse hinsichtlich arbeitsbedingter viraler Infektionen in Bezug auf das tatsächliche Risiko. Andererseits bewerteten über 60 % der Befragten die Wahrscheinlichkeit an arbeitsbedingten Infektionen zu erkranken als „ziemlich groß“ bis „sehr groß“. Insgesamt 62,1 % der Studienteilnehmer fühlten sich nicht ausreichend geschult, um mit Patienten mit hochkontagiösen oder seltenen Infektionskrankheiten umgehen zu können.
Durch Schulungs- und Trainingsmaßnahmen sollte das Wissen über arbeitsbedingte Infektionen gesteigert werden.
High resolution main-ion charge exchange spectroscopy in the DIII-D H-mode pedestal
Authors: Grierson B. A. , Burrell K. H. , Chrystal C. , Groebner R. J. , Haskey S. R. , Kaplan D. H.
Published: September 2016

A new high spatial resolution main-ion (deuterium) charge-exchange spectroscopy system covering the tokamak boundary region has been installed on the DIII-D tokamak. Sixteen new edge main-ion charge-exchange recombination sightlines have been combined with nineteen impurity sightlines in a tangentially viewing geometry on the DIII-D midplane with an interleaving design that achieves 8 mm inter-channel radial resolution for detailed profiles of main-ion temperature, velocity, charge-exchange emission, and neutral beam emission. At the plasma boundary, we find a strong enhancement of the main-ion toroidal velocity that exceeds the impurity velocity by a factor of two. The unique combination of experimentally measured main-ion and impurity profiles provides a powerful quasi-neutrality constraint for reconstruction of tokamak H-mode pedestals.
Cleaning of first mirrors in ITER by means of radio frequency discharges
Authors: Leipold F. , Reichle R. , Vorpahl C. , Mukhin E. E. , Dmitriev A. M. , Razdobarin A. G. , Samsonov D. S. , Marot L. , Moser L. , Steiner R. , Meyer E.
Published: September 2016

First mirrors of optical diagnostics in ITER are subject to charge exchange fluxes of Be, W, and potentially other elements. This may degrade the optical performance significantly via erosion or deposition. In order to restore reflectivity, cleaning by applying radio frequency (RF) power to the mirror itself and thus creating a discharge in front of the mirror will be used. The plasma generated in front of the mirror surface sputters off deposition, restoring its reflectivity. Although the functionality of such a mirror cleaning technique is proven in laboratory experiments, the technical implementation in ITER revealed obstacles which needs to be overcome: Since the discharge as an RF load in general is not very well matched to the power generator and transmission line, power reflections will occur leading to a thermal load of the cable. Its implementation for ITER requires additional R&D. This includes the design of mirrors as RF electrodes, as well as feeders and matching networks inside the vacuum vessel. Mitigation solutions will be evaluated and discussed. Furthermore, technical obstacles (i.e., cooling water pipes for the mirrors) need to be solved. Since cooling water lines are usually on ground potential at the feed through of the vacuum vessel, a solution to decouple the ground potential from the mirror would be a major simplification. Such a solution will be presented.
Tailoring surface plasmon resonance and dipole cavity plasmon modes of scattering cross section spectra on the single solid-gold/gold-shell nanorod
Authors: Chou Chau Yuan-Fong , Lim Chee Ming , Lee Chuanyo , Huang Hung Ji , Lin Chun-Ting , Kumara N. T. R. N. , Yoong Voo Nyuk , Chiang Hai-Pang
Published: September 2016

Tunable surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and dipole cavity plasmon modes of the scattering cross section (SCS) spectra on the single solid-gold/gold-shell nanorod have been numerically investigated by using the finite element method. Various effects, such as the influence of SCS spectra under x- and y-polarizations on the surface of the single solid-gold/gold-shell nanorod, are discussed in detail. With the single gold-shell nanorod, one can independently tune the relative SCS spectrum width by controlling the rod length and rod diameter, and the surface scattering by varying the shell thickness and polarization direction, as well as the dipole peak energy. These behaviors are consistent with the properties of localized SPRs and offer a way to optically control and produce selected emission wavelengths from the single solid-gold/gold-shell nanorod. The electric field and magnetic distributions provide us a qualitative idea of the geometrical properties of the single solid-gold/gold-shell nanorod on plasmon resonance.
Kriging atomic properties with a variable number of inputs
Authors: Davie Stuart J. , Di Pasquale Nicodemo , Popelier Paul L. A.
Published: September 2016

A new force field called FFLUX uses the machine learning technique kriging to capture the link between the properties (energies and multipole moments) of topological atoms (i.e., output) and the coordinates of the surrounding atoms (i.e., input). Here we present a novel, general method of applying kriging to chemical systems that do not possess a fixed number of (geometrical) inputs. Unlike traditional kriging methods, which require an input system to be of fixed dimensionality, the method presented here can be readily applied to molecular simulation, where an interaction cutoff radius is commonly used and the number of atoms or molecules within the cutoff radius is not constant. The method described here is general and can be applied to any machine learning technique that normally operates under a fixed number of inputs. In particular, the method described here is also useful for interpolating methods other than kriging, which may suffer from difficulties stemming from identical sets of inputs corresponding to different outputs or input biasing. As a demonstration, the new method is used to predict 54 energetic and electrostatic properties of the central water molecule of a set of 5000, 4 Å radius water clusters, with a variable number of water molecules. The results are validated against equivalent models from a set of clusters composed of a fixed number of water molecules (set to ten, i.e., decamers) and against models created by using a naïve method of treating the variable number of inputs problem presented. Results show that the 4 Å water cluster models, utilising the method presented here, return similar or better kriging models than the decamer clusters for all properties considered and perform much better than the truncated models.
Radiation characteristics of input power from surface wave sustained plasma antenna
Authors: Naito T. , Yamaura S. , Fukuma Y. , Sakai O.
Published: September 2016

This paper reports radiation characteristics of input power from a surface wave sustained plasma antenna investigated theoretically and experimentally, especially focusing on the power consumption balance between the plasma generation and the radiation. The plasma antenna is a dielectric tube filled with argon and small amount of mercury, and the structure is a basic quarter wavelength monopole antenna at 2.45 GHz. Microwave power at 2.45 GHz is supplied to the plasma antenna. The input power is partially consumed to sustain the plasma, and the remaining part is radiated as a signal. The relationship between the antenna gain and the input power is obtained by an analytical derivation and numerical simulations. As a result, the antenna gain is kept at low values, and most of the input power is consumed to increase the plasma volume until the tube is filled with the plasma whose electron density is higher than the critical electron density required for sustaining the surface wave. On the other hand, the input power is consumed to increase the electron density after the tube is fully filled with the plasma, and the antenna gain increases with increasing the electron density. The dependence of the antenna gain on the electron density is the same as that of a plasma antenna sustained by a DC glow discharge. These results are confirmed by experimental results of the antenna gain and radiation patterns. The antenna gain of the plasma is a few dB smaller than that of the identical metal antenna. The antenna gain of the plasma antenna is sufficient for the wireless communication, although it is difficult to substitute the plasma antenna for metal antennas completely. The plasma antenna is suitable for applications having high affinity with the plasma characteristics such as low interference and dynamic controllability.
Thermodynamic scaling of glassy dynamics and dynamic heterogeneities in metallic glass-forming liquid
Authors: Hu Yuan-Chao , Shang Bao-Shuang , Guan Peng-Fei , Yang Yong , Bai Hai-Yang , Wang Wei-Hua
Published: September 2016

A ternary metallic glass-forming liquid is found to be not strongly correlating thermodynamically, but its average dynamics, dynamic heterogeneities including the high order dynamic correlation length, and static structure are still well described by thermodynamic scaling with the same scaling exponent γ. This may indicate that the metallic liquid could be treated as a single-parameter liquid. As an intrinsic material constant stemming from the fundamental interatomic interactions, γ is theoretically predicted from the thermodynamic fluctuations of the potential energy and the virial. Although γ is conventionally understood merely from the repulsive part of the inter-particle potentials, the strong correlation between γ and the Grüneisen parameter up to the accuracy of the Dulong-Petit approximation demonstrates the important roles of anharmonicity and attractive force of the interatomic potential in governing glass transition of metallic glassformers. These findings may shed light on how to understand metallic glass formation from the fundamental interatomic interactions.
Magneto-ballistic transport in GaN nanowires
Authors: Santoruvo Giovanni , Allain Adrien , Ovchinnikov Dmitry , Matioli Elison
Published: September 2016

The ballistic filtering property of nanoscale crosses was used to investigate the effect of perpendicular magnetic fields on the ballistic transport of electrons on wide band-gap GaN heterostructures. The straight scattering-less trajectory of electrons was modified by a perpendicular magnetic field which produced a strong non-linear behavior in the measured output voltage of the ballistic filters and allowed the observation of semi-classical and quantum effects, such as quenching of the Hall resistance and manifestation of the last plateau, in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions. A large measured phase coherence length of 190 nm allowed the observation of universal quantum fluctuations and weak localization of electrons due to quantum interference up to ∼25 K. This work also reveals the prospect of wide band-gap GaN semiconductors as a platform for basic transport and quantum studies, whose properties allow the investigation of ballistic transport and quantum phenomena at much larger voltages and temperatures than in other semiconductors.
Electrolyte-gated charge transport in molecularly linked gold nanoparticle films: The transition from a Mott insulator to an exotic metal with strong electron-electron interactions
Authors: Tie M. , Dhirani A.-A.
Published: September 2016

Strong electron-electron interactions experienced by electrons as they delocalize are widely believed to play a key role in a range of remarkable phenomena such as high Tc superconductivity, colossal magnetoresistance, and others. Strongly correlated electrons are often described by the Hubbard model, which is the simplest description of a correlated system and captures important gross features of phase diagrams of strongly correlated materials. However, open challenges in this field include experimentally mapping correlated electron phenomena beyond those captured by the Hubbard model, and extending the model accordingly. Here we use electrolyte gating to study a metal-insulator transition (MIT) in a new class of strongly correlated material, namely, nanostructured materials, using 1,4-butanedithiol-linked Au nanoparticle films (NPFs) as an example. Electrolyte gating provides a means for tuning the chemical potential of the materials over a wide range, without significantly modifying film morphology. On the insulating side of the transition, we observe Efros-Shklovskii variable range hopping and a soft Coulomb gap, evidencing the importance of Coulomb barriers. On the metallic side of the transition, we observe signatures of strong disorder mediated electron-electron correlations. Gating films near MIT also reveal a zero-bias conductance peak, which we attribute to a resonance at the Fermi level predicted by the Hubbard and Anderson impurity models when electrons delocalize and experience strong Coulomb electron-electron interactions. This study shows that by enabling large changes in carrier density, electrolyte gating of Au NPFs is a powerful means for tuning through the Hubbard MIT in NPFs. By revealing the range of behaviours that strongly correlated electrons can exhibit, this platform can guide the development of an improved understanding of correlated materials.
Large enhancement of positive magnetoresistance by Ce doping in Si epitaxial thin films
Authors: Miyata Y. , Ueno K. , Togawa Y. , Yoshimura T. , Ashida A. , Fujimura N.
Published: September 2016

We report the investigation into a large enhancement of the magnetoresistance (MR) by Ce doping in Si epitaxial thin films at room temperature. The positive MR is proportional to the square of the magnetic field at low magnetic fields below 5 T, while it increases linearly with regards to the strength of the magnetic field above 5 T. Based on the experimental finding that the change in the donor level corresponds to that of the MR ratio as a function of Ce concentration, the electronic state turns out to be influenced by Ce doping and strongly correlate the magnetotransport characteristics. It is concluded that this MR effect appears via the Lorentz force effect on the carrier motion, which is enhanced by the random scattering potential distribution arising from the Ce doping.
Growth of (111)-oriented epitaxial and textured ferroelectric Y-doped HfO2 films for downscaled devices
Authors: Katayama Kiliha , Shimizu Takao , Sakata Osami , Shiraishi Takahisa , Nakamura Syogo , Kiguchi Takanori , Akama Akihiro , Konno Toyohiko J. , Uchida Hiroshi , Funakubo Hiroshi
Published: September 2016

In this study, the growth of (111)-oriented epitaxial and textured YO1.5-HfO2 (0.07:0.93 ratio) films using the pulsed laser deposition method is presented. Epitaxial films were prepared on ITO//(111)yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates (ITO: Sn-doped In2O3; YSZ: yttria-stabilized zirconia), while textured films were prepared on (111)Pt/TiOx/SiO2//Si substrates with and without an ITO buffer layer via the grain on grain coherent growth. Inserting an ITO layer increased the volume fraction of the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase. Both the epitaxial and uniaxially textured films exhibited similar ferroelectricity with a remanent polarization of around 10 μC/cm2 and a coercive field of 1.9 to 2.0 MV/cm. These results present us with a way of obtaining stable and uniform ferroelectric properties for each grain and device cells consisting of a small number of grains. This opens the door for ultimately miniaturized ferroelectric devices, such as ferroelectric field effect transistors with small gate length and resistive random access memory using ferroelectric tunnel junctions.
Observation of electron states of small period artificial graphene in nano-patterned GaAs quantum wells
Authors: Wang Sheng , Scarabelli Diego , Kuznetsova Yuliya Y. , Wind Shalom J. , Pinczuk Aron , Pellegrini Vittorio , Manfra Michael J. , Gardner Geoff C. , Pfeiffer Loren N. , West Ken W.
Published: September 2016

Engineered honeycomb lattices, called artificial graphene (AG), are tunable platforms for the study of novel electronic states related to Dirac physics. In this work, we report the achievement of electronic bands of the honeycomb topology with the period as low as 40 nm on the nano-patterned modulation-doped AlGaAs/GaAs quantum wells. Resonant inelastic light scattering spectra reveal peaks which are interpreted as combined electronic transitions between subbands of the quantum well confinement with a change in the AG band index. Spectra lineshapes are explained by joint density of states obtained from the calculated AG electron band structures. These results provide a basis for further advancements in AG physics.
Effects of magnetic field strength in the discharge channel on the performance of a multi-cusped field thruster
Authors: Hu Peng , Liu Hui , Gao Yuanyuan , Yu Daren
Published: September 2016

The performance characteristics of a Multi-cusped Field Thruster depending on the magnetic field strength in the discharge channel were investigated. Four thrusters with different outer diameters of the magnet rings were designed to change the magnetic field strength in the discharge channel. It is found that increasing the magnetic field strength could restrain the radial cross-field electron current and decrease the radial width of main ionization region, which gives rise to the reduction of propellant utilization and thruster performance. The test results in different anode voltage conditions indicate that both the thrust and anode efficiency are higher for the weaker magnetic field in the discharge channel.
An SVM approach with alternating current potential drop technique to classify pits and cracks on the bottom of a metal plate
Authors: Li Yuting , Gan Fangji , Wan Zhengjun , Liao Junbi
Published: September 2016

The alternating current potential drop (ACPD) is a nondestructive technique that is widely used to detect and size defects in conductive material. This paper describes a combined ACPD and support vector machine (SVM) approach to accurately recognize typical defects on the bottom surface of a metal plate, i.e., pits and cracks. We first conducted a simulation study, and then, based on ACPD, measured five voltage ratios between the test region and reference region. The analysis of finite simulation data enables the binary classification of two kinds of defects. To obtain an accurate separating hyperplane, key parameters of the SVM classifier were optimized using a genetic algorithm with training data from the simulations. Based on the optimized SVM classifier, reliable estimates of the defects in a metal plate were then obtained. The recognition results of the simulation dataset shows that the trained and optimized SVM model has a high classification accuracy, and the metal plate experiment also indicates that the model has good precision in actual defect classification.
Electrolytic phototransistor based on graphene-MoS2 van der Waals p-n heterojunction with tunable photoresponse
Authors: Henck Hugo , Pierucci Debora , Chaste Julien , Naylor Carl H. , Avila Jose , Balan Adrian , Silly Mathieu G. , Asensio Maria C. , Sirotti Fausto , Johnson A. T Charlie , Lhuillier Emmanuel , Ouerghi Abdelkarim
Published: September 2016

Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures obtained by stacking 2D materials offer a promising route for next generation devices by combining different unique properties in completely new artificial materials. In particular, the vdW heterostructures combine high mobility and optical properties that can be exploited for optoelectronic devices. Since the p-n junction is one of the most fundamental units of optoelectronics, we propose an approach for its fabrication based on the intrinsic n doped MoS2 and the p doped bilayer graphene hybrid interfaces. We demonstrate the control of the photoconduction properties using electrolytic gating which ensures a low bias operation. We show that by finely choosing the doping value of each layer, the photoconductive properties of the hybrid system can be engineered to achieve magnitude and sign control of the photocurrent. Finally, we provide a simple phase diagram relating the photoconductive behavior with the chosen doping, which we believe can be very useful for the future design of the van der Waals based photodetectors.
Theoretical study of CO and O2 adsorption and CO oxidation on linear-shape gold molecules (LGMn) (n=2, 4, 8, 16, and 24)
Authors: Ohkawa Tetsuya , Kuramoto Kei
Published: September 2016

Density functional theory is used to study the effect of increase of the number of Au atom in the adsorption of CO and O2 as well as CO oxidation on anionic, neutral, and cationic Linear-shape Gold Molecules (LGMn) (n=2, 4, 8, 16, and 24). The more the number of Au atom increases, the more the adsorption energies of CO lower and larger in the cationic and anionic LGMnCO complexes, respectively. In contrast, the adsorption energies of both CO and O2 on neutral LGMn exhibit approximately constant values. There are little differences of both adsorption energies and net charge of CO and O2 on the number of Au atom in LGM regardless of each charge state. This indicates that the charge state of LGM plays a less important role for the adsorption of CO and O2 with increase of the number of Au atom in LGM. The trend of the overall activation energies of reaction pathway is switched between LGM4−1 and LGM8−1 with increase of the number of Au atom in LGM, and OC-OO intermediate of the initial state in LGMn−1 (n=8, 16, and 24) are unstable compared to the separated reactants (LGMn, CO, O2). These are caused by the values of charge of O2 of OC-OO intermediate.
Efficient primary and parametric resonance excitation of bistable resonators
Authors: Ramini A. , Alcheikh N. , Ilyas S. , Younis M. I.
Published: September 2016

We experimentally demonstrate an efficient approach to excite primary and parametric (up to the 4th) resonance of Microelectromechanical system MEMS arch resonators with large vibrational amplitudes. A single crystal silicon in-plane arch microbeam is fabricated such that it can be excited axially from one of its ends by a parallel-plate electrode. Its micro/nano scale vibrations are transduced using a high speed camera. Through the parallel-plate electrode, a time varying electrostatic force is applied, which is converted into a time varying axial force that modulates dynamically the stiffness of the arch resonator. Due to the initial curvature of the structure, not only parametric excitation is induced, but also primary resonance. Experimental investigation is conducted comparing the response of the arch near primary resonance using the axial excitation to that of a classical parallel-plate actuation where the arch itself forms an electrode. The results show that the axial excitation can be more efficient and requires less power for primary resonance excitation. Moreover, unlike the classical method where the structure is vulnerable to the dynamic pull-in instability, the axial excitation technique can provide large amplitude motion while protecting the structure from pull-in. In addition to primary resonance, parametrical resonances are demonstrated at twice, one-half, and two-thirds the primary resonance frequency. The ability to actuate primary and/or parametric resonances can serve various applications, such as for resonator based logic and memory devices.
Solvatochromic Parameters and Preferential Solvation Behavior for Binary Mixtures of 1,3-Dialkylimidazolium Ionic Liquids with Water
Authors: Ding Shan , Wei Li-gang , Li Kun-lan , Ma Ying-chong
Published: September 2016

Binary mixtures of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium based ionic liquids (ILs) and water were selected as solvent systems to investigate the solute-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions on the preferential solvation of solvatochromic indicators at 25 °C. Empirical solvatochromic parameters, dipolarity/polarizability (π*), hydrogen-bond donor acidity (α), hydrogen-bond acceptor basicity (β), and Reichardt's polarity parameters (ENT) were measured from the ultraviolet-visible spectral shifts of 4-nitroaniline, 4-nitroanisole, and Reichardt's dye. The solvent properties of the IL-water mixtures were found to be influenced by IL type and IL mole fraction (xIL). All these studied systems showed the non-ideal behavior. The maximum deviation to ideality for the solvatochromic parameters can be obtained in the xIL range from 0.1 to 0.3. For most of the binary mixtures, the π* values showed the synergistic effects instead of the ENT, α and β values. The observed synergy extent was dependent on the studied systems, such as the dye indicator and IL type. A preferential solvation model was utilized to gather information on the molecular interactions in the mixtures. The dye indicator was preferentially solvated on the following trend: IL>IL-water complex>water.