bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selection of Cucumis sativus L. for resistance to fusarium wilt using filtrate of the culture fluid of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schlectend
Authors: Soldatenko Alexey V. , Egorova Anna A. , Baklanova Olga V. , Hovrin Alexander N. , Chistyakovа Lyubov A. , Razin Oleg A.
Published: September 2019

Relevance Traditional breeding methods are based on crossing and selection of genotypes among hybrid offspring. In recent decades, along with traditional methods, more and more attention is paid to alternative methods of selection, based on biotechnological manipulations with plants. One of the most important methods of biotechnology is the method of cell selection, which is based on the replacement of the whole plant, as a unit of selection, on its cell. Applying biotechnology techniques from a single plant can produce millions of cells, which increases the chances of finding, eliminating the need for areas for the cultivation of tested plants. As well as accelerating the selection process due to the possibility to carry out the study in the offseason. Methods The studies used the linear material of C. sativus hybrids of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – Branch of the FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center and Agroholding "Poisk". Plants were cultivated in laboratory room conditions. As explants used hypocotyl 0.5-1 cm segments isolated from young plants. Results To obtain Cucumis sativus plants with increased resistance to Fusarium by cell selection method, it is recommended to alternate culturing of callus on a non – selective medium containing sucrose in a concentration of 30 g/l, agar – 7 g/l, 0.1 mg/l, NUC – 0.5 mg/l and the filter of the cultural fluid of the fungus in a concentration of 10% within 3 passages.
Selection of competitive of pumpkin varieties for the Lower Volga region
Authors: Nikulina Tamara M. , Kurunina Dina P.
Published: September 2019

Relevance One of the priority directions of selection is the creation of varieties that are most adapted to local conditions with high productivity. Methods The object of study – varieties and hybrids of pumpkin of three Botanical species: Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita moschata and Cucurbita pepo. The purpose of the work is the creation and introduction into production of high-yielding varieties of pumpkin with high quality fruits, resistant to bio-and abiotic conditions of the lower Volga region. Research objectives: the study of varietal diversity and identification of genetic sources adapted to the conditions of the region; artificial hybridization, evaluation of the obtained source material on the main economic and valuable features, selection of the best hybrid combinations and testing them in comparison with the best zoned varieties. Results The collection identified genetic sources of productivity: Chino, Sviten, Kham, Creen Warted Habbard, Zukat, Arina, Madam; the quality of the fruit: Sorme poire, Burgess Buttercup Wintes, Malishka, Duchess, Konfetka. Using the selected genetic sources in crossbreeding, new hybrid combinations were obtained, after testing of which the source material for breeding was formed in the hybrid nursery. The table shows the characteristics of the best hybrid populations of pumpkin species S. maxima, S. moschata. The best zoned varieties of table pumpkin created in recent years. Izyashnaya – medium-ripe, shortleaved, high-yielding (17.0-26.0 t/ha), with high quality fruits (12.0-16.0% solids); Izobilie – yield (18.0-25.0 t/ha), drought-resistant; Romantika – medium-ripe, resistant to powdery mildew, yielding (16.0-20.0 t/ha), high quality fruits (10.0-15.0% dry-VA, 60.4 mg% carotene).
Factors of different quality seeds of green cultures of the Brassicaceae family
Authors: Ivanova Maria I. , Kashleva Anna I. , Baleev Dmitriy N. , Bukharov Alexander F.
Published: September 2019

Relevance The phenomenon of the different quality of seeds of the sowing seed Eruca sativa, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Brassica juncea by coloring was studied. Color heterogeneity is usually combined with the size and weight of seeds. Methods Research tasks: determine the number of seeds available for coloring in depending on different years of reproduction; identify the best fractions of morphological, physiological and productive qualities; to study the peculiarities of influence on the manifestation of ecological, agrotechnical and hereditary factors heterospermia. Results Seeds with a higher mass of 1000 were predominantly dark in color. The content of total nitrogen in light seeds was 0.2-0.3%, and crude protein was 1.3-1.9% more than dark-colored ones. The distribution of seeds of different colors in batches of different years of reproduction is shown. The best fractions of seeds by morphological, physiological and productive qualities are revealed. It has been shown that productivity and its components are higher in plants grown from seeds of dark color. The correlation of the parameters of seeds of different quality with the weather conditions of the vegetation period is noted. For all three crops, there was a steady increase in the proportion of light seeds with an increase in average daily air temperature (r = 0.59-0.94). The features of the influence of environmental, agrotechnical and hereditary factors on the manifestations of heterospermia are studied. However, the degree of influence of environmental, including agrotechnical factors in some cases turns out to be much stronger. The maximum proportion of dark (most productive) seeds is provided by a combination of optimal weather conditions, agrotechnical methods (early sowing, ripening), seed collection from shoots 1-3 orders of branching and use for sowing the dark fraction of seeds.
Testing of tomato hybrids of the breeding of the company "Gavrish" in JSC "Teplichnoye" of the Tambov region
Authors: Chupkin Konstantin A. , Terekhova Vera I. , Konstantinovich Anastasiya V.
Published: September 2019

Relevance Currently, the requirements for modern tomato hybrids are increasing both from consumers and from producers. Modern tomato hybrids in extended circulation should yield at least 60 kg / m2, be distinguished by high quality of fruits, early ripeness, possess manufacturability, resistance to major diseases. Along with the traditional form of fruits, hybrids with original shape, color, taste and aroma are interesting for manufacturers. Methods The aim of the research was the variety study of indeterminant F1 hybrids of tomato breeding of the company "Gavrish" in JSC "Teplichnoye" of the Tambov region. Studies were conducted in 2017-2018 in the extended and summer-autumn turnover in the conditions of JSC "Teplichnoye" of the Tambov region in accordance with generally accepted recommendations for research with vegetable crops in greenhouses. The objects of the study in extended circulation were tomato hybrids: F1 Bao Bab, F1 Baloven, the F1 Torero hybrid was taken as a control. In the summerautumn turnover, a study was made of the rose hybrid – F1 Panthera; the Rosario F1 hybrid was used as a control; a hybrid with a plum-shaped fruit – F1 Armata, control – a hybrid F1 Lezghinka. Results According to the results of the study of tomato hybrids, the selection of the Gavrish company at the enterprise made the decision to grow it in extended circulation and increase the area under F1 Baloven, in the summer-autumn turnover under the F1 Panthera hybrid.
Bioenergetic efficiency of cultivation of watermelon depending on agricultural practices
Authors: Koleboshina Tatyana G. , Varivoda Elena A. , Verbitskaya Olga G.
Published: September 2019

Relevance The relevance of the bioenergy assessment follows from the requirements of modern production: energy saving per unit of output. Methods The article presents the data of bioenergy evaluation of the use of table predecessors, types of fertilizers and growth regulators in the technology of watermelon cultivation. Results The results of studies have shown that from the energy point of view, the proposed methods of cultivation of watermelon, are effective, because the coefficient of energy efficiency in all the studied variants is more than one. Studies have revealed the advantage of a layer of perennial grasses as a precursor to watermelon: CEE – 2.55 at its values according to the predecessor of winter rye – 1.70. The use of mineral fertilizers dose N60P90K60 in rain conditions leads to a significant increase in energy consumption of commercial products, 1.7 times more in the formation of perennial grasses and 1.3 times more than the predecessor of winter rye. A decrease in the CEE and an increase in the cost of total energy and energy intensity of 1 ton of products using manure 27 t / ha in relation to mineral fertilizers. Comparative energy analysis showed high efficiency of using water-soluble fertilizers and growth regulators for soaking seeds and processing of vegetating plants in watermelon cultivation. The use of these agricultural practices can reduce the energy costs of total energy by 70-79% compared with the introduction of mineral fertilizers dose N60P90K60, with an increase in the energy efficiency coefficient from 1.54 to 2.68-2.77. As shown by calculations from the energy point of view, the best was the reception of cultivation of watermelon table using for seed soaking and processing plants in vegetation water-soluble fertilizer master special with the addition of growth regulator megapol, the value of the EPS was amounted to 2.99, which is 7.9% and 11.5% more in comparison with potassium Humate and Ribav-extra, respectively.
Rapid development of homozygous lines through culture of isolated microspores in leafy crops of Brassicaceae Burnett
Authors: Domblides Elena A. , Chichvarina Olga A. , Minejkina Anna I. , Kurbakov Evgeniу L. , Kharchenko Viktor A. , Domblides Arthur S. , Soldatenko Alexey V.
Published: September 2019

RelevanceBiotechnological methods are generally used to speed up breeding programs and to enhance genetic diversity, so the culture of isolated microspore in vitro can be regarded as one of very suitable methods. Nontraditional and uncommon vegetable crops belonging to Brassicaceae Burnett. are becoming more popular.MethodsAccessions of sarepta mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern.) and rocket salad (Eruca sativa Mill.) were taken for the study with the aim to optimize the basic protocol for these species.ResultsAs a result of the study the optimum cultivation conditions have been determined for the species. Sizes of buds 2.5-3.5 mm long for sarepta mustard and 7.0-7.5 long for rocket salad which were used for cultivation had been experimentally defined. It was also shown that the cold pretreatment had improved the embryo yield. The nutritional NLN-13 medium with pH 6.1 and pretreatment at 32°C during a cultivation day had been shown to be more favourable for all accessions. All conditions that had been used were suitable for embryo formation. First divisions had been seen after 4 days of cultivation, while the embryos at primary cotyledonary stage only appeared after 2 weeks of cultivation. The embryo yield per 5 buds reached 25-30 and 5-7 in the sarepta mustard and the rocket salad, respectively. It is worth noticing that the root formation and plant adaptation had passed better and faster in sarepta mustard than in rocket salad. Thus, whole process of homozygous line developing can be completed for 4-5 months, making the breeding program 3 times shorter.
Harmfulness of tobacco thrips on medium-ripening hybrids of cabbage
Authors: Shulyak Nellie V. , Koroleva Svetlana V.
Published: September 2019

RelevanceRecently, breeding work with cabbage is aimed at developing F1 hybrids, which provide the population with year-round production. The main requirements for hybrids: excellent presentation with appropriate taste, high yield stability, morphological uniformity, resistance to major diseases and tolerance to pests, as well as high keeping quality during storage. In recent years, tobacco thrips is a serious problem for cultivation of cabbage. Plant resistance to tobacco thrips is becoming increasingly relevant, at the moment in the conditions of Krasnodar region. Since tobacco thrips is the most dangerous pest in the south and quickly adapts to poisons, development of resistant hybrids should be considered the most effective way to control.

Methods The purpose of breeding work is to identify highly productive cabbage hybrids with high tolerance to tobacco thrips. It was previously found that late-ripening hybrids are less affected. Therefore, in our studies, we evaluated the effect of growing terms of the same hybrids in different years of research and on their damage with Thrips tabaci Lindeman. The direction of this work is to evaluate hybrids of cabbage for leaf damage by tobacco thrips and to identify sustainable hybrid combinations and their parental forms. Studies were carried out in the central soil-climatic zone of the Krasnodar Territory. The object of research was medium-ripening hybrids of cabbage. ResultsThe degree of susceptibility of hybrids to tobacco thrips varied significantly during the three years of research, but there were distinguished lines that established themselves as the most stable: Yas25p, Ts139, Agrbh82, Pi 714, 272Br-22. Hybrid combinations with these lines showed the least loss of marketable yield and the minimum number of affected leaves in each year of the study. Of the zoned hybrids, the Revansh F1 hybrid shows a high tolerance. It was found that a later planting period significantly reduces the degree of thrips damage.
Perceptions of candidate teachers about teaching pronunciation in ELT classes
Authors: Yavuz Fatih , Keser Kubra
Published: September 2019

Pronunciation is regarded as one of the most significant parts to be developed in gaining speaking skills in English Language Teaching (ELT) classes. For the development of pronunciation skills, a lot of different approaches and ways have been employed. In choosing these ways and approaches, the perspectives of language teachers have constituted an important part. Thus, this study is designed with the aim of getting a deeper understanding of the perspectives of students from ELT department about pronunciation problems and pronunciation teaching. The research was designed on the basis of quantitative research design. A questionnaire adopted from Ducate and Lomicka (2009) was employed to learn the perspectives of ELT department students about pronunciation. Results have revealed that teacher candidates believe that they can improve pronunciation skills and pronunciation is as essential as other skills in ELT.
Technology-Enhanced Assessment at universities and in schools: An initiative
Authors: Devedzic Vladan , Devedzic Mirjana
Published: September 2019

Background: Technology-enhanced assessment (TEA) is a broad term that encompasses the diverse methods, by which technology can be used to support the management and delivery of assessment in educational institutions, in workplace and lifelong learning, in professional training and development, and so on. Purpose of Study: There is a new initiative at the University of Belgrade, Serbia, to explore computing technology underpinnings of the practice of TEA (computing underpinnings of the practice [CUP] of TEA), at universities and in schools in the country. Sources of Evidence: The CUP of TEA initiative starts from the current insight into current practices of assessment processes in different educational institutions. The data collected include assessment process descriptions from these institutions, specification of technologies used for the purpose, and specification of the educational profiles of participants in the process. Main Argument: The CUP of TEA initiative develops: A novel and comprehensive framework for TEA to lay the foundation for systematic, accurate, effective, and innovative application and use of TEA in educational institutions; specifically designated sets of information and communication technology (ICT) tools and services – ICT toolsets – that support practical application of TEA; several application cases that implement the TEA framework and use different ICT toolsets for TEA in different educational contexts, showcasing the integration of best TEA practices into curricula; and a set of policies that enable educational institutions and their teachers to officially establish the use of the framework for TEA in their courses and daily work. The CUP of TEA initiative covers both formative and summative assessment and supports formal, non-formal, and informal learning and assessment. Conclusions: The ultimate goal of the initiative is not just better, faster, and more informative assessment. It is the creation of a robust teaching and learning assessment approach that improves and advances the quality and efficiency of education.
Keywords: Technology Enhanced Assessment; assessment processes; application cases
Memória e imagética na prática violonística
Authors: Spinelli Jonathan , Santos Regina Antunes Teixeira dos
Published: September 2019

Esta pesquisa investigou a potencial relação entre habilidades de memorização na prática violonística em função das habilidades imagéticas. Nove violonistas foram submetidos a testes de memorização com privação de feedback sensorial de três condições experimentais: motora (remoção do feedback sonoro), aural (remoção do feedback motor) e visual (remoção dos feedbacks motor e aural). Condições de controle foram também testadas. Os participantes foram instruídos a imaginarem o feedback ausente. Após dez repetições dos trechos musicais construídos especialmente para os testes, os violonistas tocavam o que memorizaram em condições habituais de performance. O desempenho na memorização dos trechos estudados nas condições motora e visual foi inferior àquele obtido nas condições aural e controle, o que indicou a importância da presença do feedback sonoro durante o estudo de peças novas para o processo de memorização. Relacionando esses desempenhos com as habilidades de imagética aural dos participantes, notou-se que aqueles com maiores habilidades de imagética não foram prejudicados pela ausência dos feedbacks nas tarefas de memorização, mantendo o desempenho em todas as condições testadas. Estes dados sugerem a importância da habilidade de imagética aural e corrobora com a ideia de que os músicos podem se beneficiar dela para o processo de memorização.
Mental health and its influencing factors among left-behind children in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Xiu , Li Mengjie , Guo Li , Zhu Yanna
Published: September 2019

Background With rapid development of China’s economy, there were over 68.7 million left-behind children (LBC) in China whose mental health has become a problem of public concern. The present cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the status of mental health and its associated factors of LBC aged 3-16 years old in both rural and urban areas. Methods A total of 4187 children (aged 3-16), including 1471 LBC and 2716 non-left-behind children (NLBC), were recruited from 50 communities (22 in urban areas and 28 in rural areas) in Guangdong, China in August, 2014. The mental health problems were assessed using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results No statistically significant difference of SDQ subscales scores about difficulties were found between LBC and NLBC on the whole participants as well as in rural areas or in urban areas within the same age group after adjustments were made (all p>0.05). However, compared with NLBC in the same areas, urban LBC tended to have higher prosocial behaviours scores, while rural LBC had the lowest prosocial behaviours scores not only in the whole age group but also in different age subgroups (p<0.05). Besides, compared with urban LBC, rural LBC were not worse in SDQ subscales scores except for prosocial behaviour at 7-9 age group (p=0.003). Furthermore, longer duration of parental absence (β=-0.184 to -0.103) and lower communication frequency (β=0.085 to 0.121) were associated with less difficulties in both rural and urban LBC. Higher paternal educational level (β=-2.736 to -0.085) and longer duration of talk per-time (β=-0.183 to -0.113) were associated with less difficulties in rural LBC. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that in general, no difference of mental health problems were found between LBC and NLBC. The finding reinforce the importance of the stability of caregivers and the effective parent-child communication for Chinese rural LBC.
Consumers’ consciousness of health-friendly products and services and its association with sociodemographic characteristics and health Status
Authors: Yun Young Ho , Sim Jin-Ah , Kim Yaeji , Lee Sujee , Kim Kyoung-Nam
Published: September 2019

Background: Although health policy resides mainly with the government, industry can play an important role in building a health ecosystem. Methods: From March to May, we administered questionnaires to 1,200 individuals from the general Korean population asking about their perception of health-friendly labels, and if they would purchase such labeled products (foods, pharmaceuticals, etc.) and services (purifying water, preventing air pollution, etc.) at extra cost. Results: The participants placed a high value on the importance of mental, social, spiritual, and physical health factors in terms of company’s products and services with a score of about 8 out of 10 (range, 7.74-8.33). Most respondents (72.4%) said they were interested in adopting health-friendly labels. When a health-friendly label is introduced (such as one by the Business for Social Responsiveness), 65.1% of the respondents said they intended to purchase the product or service, while 6.8% said they did not, and 75.0% said they were willing to pay extra for the health-friendly product or service. Multivariate logistic regression models showed urban residence, high education level, and good social health to be significantly associated with positive attitudes toward health-friendly labels. People with high income, no religion, or normal weight were more likely to say they intend to purchase products and services with health-friendly labels. They also had a more positive attitude toward paying more for such products and services, as did people with good spiritual health. Conclusion: This study provides data that illustrate the importance of health-friendly products and services to the general population and companies.
Navigating toward TB elimination: the California perspective.
Authors: Readhead Adam , Flood Jennifer , Barry Pennan
Published: September 2019

Background The California tuberculosis (TB) elimination plan calls for testing more than ten million at-risk Californians and treating two million infected with tuberculosis. Detailed knowledge about the at-risk population and the healthcare providers who serve them is crucial to further reduction of the TB burden in the state. Methods We used data from the population-based 2014-2017 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) to examine demography, healthcare access and utilization, and language use, focusing on countries of birth with the highest number of TB cases in California. Results The six top countries of birth accounting for 62% of TB cases were Mexico, United States (U.S.), Philippines, Vietnam, China and India. CHIS data showed that poverty was highest among Mexican-born persons, 56% (CI: 54-58) and lowest among Indian-born persons, 9% (CI: 5-13). Report of recent doctor’s visit was highest among persons born in the Philippines, 84% (CI: 80-89) and lowest among Chinese-born persons, 70% (CI: 63-76). Persons born in Mexico were more likely to report community clinics as their usual source of care than persons born in China, Vietnam or the Philippines. Among 18-64 year olds, 27% (CI: 25-30) of persons born in Mexico reported being uninsured in contrast with 3% (CI: 1-5) of persons born in India. Of adults with a medical visit in a non-English language, 96% (CI: 96-97) were non-U.S.-born, but only 42% (CI: 40-44) of non-U.S.-born persons had a visit in a non-English language. Discussion Patterns of demography, healthcare utilization and language use were notably different by country of birth. These differences should be considered when planning outreach to specific providers, clinic systems, insurers and communities for TB prevention and case-finding.
Association of Toxoplasmosis with suicide: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Soleymani Eissa , Faizi Fariba , Heidarimoghadam Rashid , Davoodi Lotfollah , Mohammadi Younes
Published: September 2019

Background findings on association of Toxoplasmosis and suicide is contradictory. This paper aimed to resolve this uncertainty with help of Meta-analysis. Methods using keywords include “Toxoplasmosis” and “suicide” and the relayed synonyms in international databases such as ISI, Medline and Scopus, we found the relevant studies. The eligible studies included into Meta-analysis phase. Random effect approach was used to combine the results. Results out of 150 initial studies, 16 were included into meta-analysis. Odds of suicide in person with toxoplasmosis was 47% (OR: 1.47, 95%CI; 1.20 to 1.79) higher than of that without toxoplasmosis. Test for publication bias was not statistically significant, which indicate absence of likely publication bias. Conclusion This study confirm which toxoplasmosis is a potential risk factor for suicide. To reduce cases of suicide attributable to Toxoplasmosis, it deserving the measures to prevent and control of transmission of toxoplasmosis should be taken.
Snack consumption is decreasing in Colombia among the youngest, the most educated, and the wealthiest: results of two representative national surveys.
Authors: Herran Oscar Fernando , Villamor Eduardo , Quintero-Lesmes Doris Cristina
Published: September 2019

Background: A common recommendation is to reduce the consumption of snack food and replace this consumption with nutrient-dense foods. The objective was to establish whether there were changes in adherence to the consumption of the snack pattern (SP) in Colombian children and adults in the 2010-2015 quinquennium. In addition, this study aimed to establish the relationship between the SP and some biological, socioeconomic, and geographic variables in Colombia, Sur América. Methods: Based on a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) applied both in 2010 and 2015 in the national nutritional situation surveys, the adherence to the snack consumption pattern was established through factor analysis. The change in the adherence of consumption to the SP was established for the five-year period [2015 minus 2010], using multiple linear regression models. Crude and adjusted differences were estimated by the following covariables: sex, age, marital status, food security, wealth index, ethnicity, education of the head of the household, area and region. In total, 37,981 subjects were analyzed. In 2010, 10,150 children (5 to 17 years old) and 5,145 adults (18 to 64 years old) were included, and in 2015, 13,243 children and 9,443 adults. Results: In children, the adjusted difference in the adherence to SP was -0.37 (95% CI: -0.42, -0.32), p < 0.0001. In adults, the adjusted difference in the adherence to SP was -0.27 (95% CI: -0.31, -0.24), p < 0.0001. In all categories of covariables, consumption decreased, for all p < 0.0001. In children the decrease in consumption was inversely associated with body mass index (BMI) and height and was directly associated with the level of food security in the home and the wealth index. In adults the decrease in consumption was inversely related to age and BMI and directly related to the size, the level of food security of the household, wealth index, and education level. Conclusions: In the quinquennium there is a decrease in the adherence to the SP, the region, the wealthiest, the tallest, the best BMI and the most educated displayed the greatest decrease in the SP. Keywords Food Pattern; Snack Pattern; Intake of Snack; Children; Adults; Colombia.
The effect of continuous care model-based intervention on the quality of sleep in menopausal women: A clinical trial study
Authors: AKBARI Farzaneh , Heydarpour sousan , Salari Nader
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND Sleep disorder, brings in many physical, behavioral, and mental problems. Applying continuous care model leads to proper recognition of the patient’s problems and involves the patient in solving health problems. This study aimed to determine the effect of continuous care model on the quality of sleep in menopausal women. METHODS AND MATERIALS A random clinical trial study was carried out with participation of 110 menopausal women visiting Kermanshah-based clinics (the west of Iran) in 2017. The participants were randomly assigned to intervention (n=55) and control (n=55) groups. The control group received the routine cares and in addition to the routine cares the intervention group attended four weekly group consultation sessions (60-90min). The quality of sleep in the two groups was assessed using Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. Data analyses were done using independent t-test, ANOVA with frequent measures, Friedman’s test, Wilcoxon’s post hoc test, and X2 test in SPSS (24). RESULTS The mean scores of quality of sleep before and after the intervention were significantly different in the intervention group (p=0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of quality of sleep before (p=0.140) and immediately after the intervention (p=0.168). However, one month after, the difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Implementation of the continuous care model led to an improvement of quality of sleep in the menopausal women.
What's PrEP?: Peer Navigator Acceptability among Minority MSM in Washington
Authors: Pagkas-Bather Jade , Jaramillo Jahn , Henry Jsani , Grandberry Vanessa , Ramirez Luis F. , Cervantes Lorenzo , Stekler Joanne D. , Andrasik Michele P. , Graham Susan M.
Published: September 2019

Background: Peer navigation is a promising strategy to link at-risk minority men who have sex with men (MSM) to HIV prevention services including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Methods: Thirty-two Black and 63 Latinx HIV-negative MSM living in western Washington completed a survey examining attitudes towards peer navigation and PrEP. Factor analysis derived a score for peer navigator acceptability, and linear regression identified associations with this outcome . Results: Forty-eight percent were interested in peer navigation. Being insured, higher sexual stigma, and higher PHQ-9 score were associated with higher acceptability, while higher income and having a regular medical provider were associated with lower acceptability. In multivariable analysis, higher sexual stigma predicted higher acceptability, while higher income predicted lower acceptability. Conclusion: Men preferred that peers be matched on sexual orientation, race, age and culture. Peer navigation interventions to reach minority men should address stigma, focus on lower-income men, and try to match peers to clients to the extent possible. Key words: HIV prevention, pre-exposure prophylaxis, Black, Latinx, men who have sex with men
Patterns and Temporal Trends of 7 Major Organic Solvent Induced Occupational Diseases in Guangdong, China 2006-2015
Authors: Li Xudong , Tu Hongwei , Hu Shijie , Chen Jiabing , Yu Hongwei , Zhang Runze , Chen Peiliang , Qu Hongying , Chen Qing
Published: September 2019

(1)Background: This study aimed to describe the distribution characteristics and temporal trends of major Organic Solvent induced occupational diseases (OSODs) in Guangdong Province, China.(2) Methods: A total of 1320 OSODs cases diagnosed from 2006 to 2015 were involved in this study, including information of case distribution, working age, industrial type, economic type and enterprise scale. 7 major OSODs accounted for the majority cases (1290 cases, 98%), including benzolism, n-hexane poisoning, 1,2-dichloroethane poisoning, trichloromethane poisoning, dimethyl formamide poisoning, benzene-induced leukemia and trichloroethylene-induced medicamentosa-like dermatitis.(3) Results: The incidence of OSODs was relatively higher in Shenzhen, Dongguan and Guangzhou than other districts. Most cases were related to light industry and electronics for industry type and small and medium-sized and private enterprises for enterprise scales and ownership types. Notably, the case number of benzolism and benzene-induced leukemia presented an increasing trend with year. The onset age of benzolism exhibited an increasing trend with year. The working age of onset of 1,2-dichloroethane poisoning, trichloromethane poisoning and dimethyl formamide poisoning were shorter than others.(4) Conclusions: Since the control and prevention of 7 major OSODs has achieved remarkable results, more measurements are needed to control benzolism and benzene-induced leukemia cases in Guangdong Province.
“[ Repeat ] testing and counseling is one of the key [ services ] that the government should continue providing”: Participants’ Perceptions on Extended Repeat HIV Testing and Enhanced Counseling (ERHTEC) for Primary HIV Prevention in Pregnant and Lactating Ugandan Women
Authors: Bannink Femke , Namukwaya Zikulah , Amoone Alex , Ojok Francis , Etima Juliane , Byamugisha Josephat , Katabira Elly , Fowler Mary Glenn , Homsy Jaco , King Rachel
Published: September 2019

Background The ‘Primary HIV Prevention among Pregnant and Lactating Ugandan Women’ (PRIMAL) randomized controlled trail aimed to assess an enhanced counseling strategy linked to extended repeat HIV testing among HIV-negative pregnant and lactating women aged 18-49 years and 410 of their male partners to address the first pillar of the WHO Global Strategy for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV transmission. Methods: PRIMAL Study participants were enrolled from two antenatal care clinics and randomized 1:1 to an intervention or control arm. Both arms received repeat STI and HIV testing at enrollment, labor and delivery, and at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months postpartum. The intervention consisted of enhanced quarterly counseling on HIV risk reduction, couple communication, family planning and nutrition delivered by study counselors. Control participants received repeat standard post-test counseling. Eighteen focus group discussions and 44 key informant interviews were held to evaluate study participants’ and service providers’ perceptions and acceptance of the intervention and understand the effects of the intervention on risk reduction, couple communication, and emotional support from partners. Results: At baseline participants mentioned multiple sexual partners and lack of condom use as the main risks for pregnant and lactating women to acquire HIV. The main reasons for having multiple sexual partners were 1) the cultural practice not to have sex in the late pre-natal and early post-natal period; 2) increased sexual desire during pregnancy; 3) alcohol abuse; 4) poverty; and 5) conflict in couples. Consistent condom use at baseline was limited due to lack of knowledge and low acceptance of condom use in couples. The majority of intervention participants enrolled felt enhanced counselling improved understanding, faithfulness, mutual support and appreciation within their couple. Another benefit mentioned by participants was improvement of couple communication and negotiation, as well as daily decision-making around sexual needs, family planning and condom use. Participants stressed the importance of providing counselling services to all couples. Conclusions: This study shows that repeat postpartum testing and enhanced individual and couple counselling increased condom use, supported risk reduction, and improved support, communication and decision-making about sexual and reproductive health for pregnant and lactating women.
Original Paper Supporting perinatal anxiety in the digital age; A qualitative exploration of stressors and support strategies.
Authors: Harrison Virginia , Moore Donna , Lazard Lisa
Published: September 2019

Background: The period surrounding childbirth is one of profound change, which can often be experienced as stressful and overwhelming. Indeed, around 20% of women may experience significant levels of anxiety in the perinatal period. However, most women experiencing perinatal anxiety (PNA) go unrecognised and untreated. Barriers likely include: poor awareness of PNA, perceived stigma, and the reduced flexibility new mothers face. The Internet offers a potentially scalable solution to overcome these obstacles. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to qualitatively explore women’s experience of anxiety triggers and support in the perinatal period; and gain insight into what online support is acceptable for women with PNA. Method: Women who were either pregnant or within one year post-partum were invited to participate in focus groups across the UK. Focus groups were used to allow a diversity of perspectives to be heard, while simultaneously promoting the identification and prioritisation of important support needs and solutions. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed. Results: Five key themes emerged in relation to women’s experience with PNA: holding unrealistic expectations of birth and motherhood; fear of judgement and pressure to be the ‘perfect mum’; the importance of peer support; poor maternal confidence; and a lack of mental health support and information. Perinatal women felt under-supported and poorly prepared for motherhood. A mismatch between their expectations, and the reality of their experience was the primary source of their anxiety. Furthermore, stigma associated with PNA may have exacerbated these issues and led to help-seeking avoidance. Overall, women felt these issues could be addressed via online support, through the delivery of more realistic information, providing psychoeducation about PNA symptoms and management, and the inclusion of authentic peer experiences. Thus, delivering evidence-based information and interventions online may provide a solution that is acceptable to this cohort. Conclusions: This work provides unique insight into potential sources of anxiety for women in the PNA, while also offering potential internet-based support solutions that are likely to be acceptable and helpful for women with PNA.
Genetic variation characterization of the boreal tree Acer ginnala population in response to environmental change of Northern China
Authors: Wang Yiling , Wu Jiahui , Wang Zhi , Ye Hang , Hou Huimin , Gao Yue , Han Wei , Ru Wenming , Sun Genlou
Published: September 2019

Background: Acer ginnala is a deciduous shrub/small tree that primarily distributed across the northern regions of China. It comprises a foundation species in many terrestrial ecosystems and has significant ornamental and economic value. Owing to its increased use as an economic resource, overexploitation and environmental destruction have resulted in the vulnerability of this species. Thus, the elucidation of the genetic differentiation and influence of environmental factors on A. ginnala is very critical for its management and future utilization strategies. Results: Our results revealed that high genetic variation occurred in A. ginnala species while low genetic diversity was observed at the population level. Most differentiation has found among populations. A significant correlation existed between genetic and environmental distances. Seven climate variables (bio1, bio2, bio3, bio4, bio13, bio15 and bio18) might explain the substantial levels of genetic variation (> 40%) in populations. The most suitable areas of this species appeared in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Anhui Provinces, and Northeastern China based on ENM results. Compared to the last interglacial (LIG) period, A. ginnala migrated toward Northern and Northeastern China, and extended to the most suitable areas during the last glacial maximum (LGM) period. Shanxi and Anhui Provinces might have served as refugium owing to their relatively high genetic variation. Conclusions: Low genetic diversity at the population level that may be the source of its vulnerability. Climate heterogeneity would play an important role in the pattern of genetic differentiation in A. ginnala populations. The A. ginnala population was isolated by a heterogeneous climate and subsequently began to adapt to local selection processes resulted in high genetic divergence.
Stress, stressors and related factors in clinical training of midwifery students in Iran: a cross sectional study
Authors: Rezaei Behrooz , Falahati Juliana , Beheshtizadeh Raziyeh
Published: September 2019

Background: Midwifery is an emotionally challenging profession, and academic education of midwifery has its own specific challenges. Midwifery students face with stressful experiences, especially related to instructor and characteristics of clinical environment, which can affect their theoretical and practical abilities. There is insufficient evidence in this field. This study aimed to explore (1) the perceived stress and stressors of midwifery students and (2) the relationships between students' stress and related factors in clinical training. Methods: A cross sectional, descriptive study was conducted at one university in Iran. A sample of 108 students was selected using Krejcie and Morgan table in 2016. Data was collected using Persian version of Cohen's perceived stress scale, Persian questionnaire of sources of stress and demographic form. Data was analyzed using independent t, ANOVA and correlation coefficient test (α<0.05). Results: Participants returned 70 surveys (response rate, 64.8%). Approximately 56 % of the students perceived a high level of stress. The most common dimensions of stressors were "unpleasant emotions" and "humiliating experiences". The highest stressors were included "feeling suffering due to seeing for patients with critical situation", "instructor’s admonition in the presence of clinical staff" and "communication with instructor". The "interest in the field of study" had a negative impact on perception of stressors in dimensions of "clinical practices" and "interpersonal communication". Conclusions: The midwifery students reported their stress in severe level, especially in dimensions of "unpleasant emotions" and "humiliating experiences". The factors associated with the instructors have caused more stress in students. These findings will highlight need for supportive strategies by the clinical instructors. In this regard, the use of experienced instructors, the development of communication skills of the instructors, increasing coping skills of the students and the creation of a supportive environment may be helpful. Keywords: Clinical Training Environment, Clinical Preceptorship, Midwifery Education, Stress, Student, Midwifery
Does Phone Messaging improves Tuberculosis Treatment Success? A Systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gashu Kassahun Dessie , Gelaye Kassahun Alemu , Mekonnen Zeleke Abebaw , Lester Richard , Tilahun Binyam
Published: September 2019

Background: Compliance to anti-TB treatment is crucial in achieving cure and avoiding the emer­gence of drug resistance. Electronic health (eHealth) interventions are included in the strategy to end the global Tuberculosis (TB) epidemic by 2035. Evidences showed that mobile messaging systems could improve patient adherence to clinic appointment for diagnosis and treatment. This review aimed to assess the effect of mobile-phone messaging on anti-TB treatment success. Methods: All randomized controlled trial (RCT) and quasi-experimental studies done prior to August 26, 2019 were included in the review. Studies were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and ScienceDirect databases. In addition, gray literatures and non-indexed articles were searched on Google and Google scholar. Searching strategies was based on PICO criteria and using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), Boolean search operators, truncation symbols to robust the searching scheme. Articles were independently screened and appraised by two authors. PRISMA flow diagrams were used to summarize article selection process, see Additional file 1. Results: A total of 1237 articles were identified, with 14 meeting the eligibility criteria for qualitative synthesis. Nine studies with a total of 6030 TB patients (2893 in intervention and 3137 in control groups) were included in meta-analysis. The pooled effect of mobile-phone messaging revealed a small increase in treatment success compared to standard of care (RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.06), with low heterogeneity (I 2 =25%, p<0.0001). In the review, performance, detection and attrition biases were reported as major risk of biases. Conclusions: Mobile-phone messaging showed a modest effect in improving anti-TB treatment success; however, the quality of evidence was low. Further controlled studies are needed to increase the evidence-base on the role of mHealth interventions to improve TB care. Protocol registration number: CRD420170744339 http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42017074439 Key Words: Mobile phone, Treatment success, Text messaging, Tuberculosis
Machine learning reveals Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes and anatomic disease site impacts drug resistance and disease transmission among patients with proven extra-pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Sibandze Busizwe , Magazi Beki Themba , Malinga Lesibana Anthony , Maningi Nontuthuko Excellent , Shey Bong Akee , Pasipanodya Jotam G , Mbelle Nontombi N
Published: September 2019

Background Genotypic characterization of Mycobacteria tuberculosis ( Mtb ) isolates in pulmonary tuberculosis is well documented; however, there is dearth of information on extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Here, we investigate Mtb drug resistance and transmission patterns in EPTB patients diagnosed and treated in the Tshwane metropolitan, South Africa. Methods Consecutive Mtb culture-positive non-pulmonary isolates underwent mycobacterial genotyping and were assigned to phylogenetic lineages and transmission clusters based on spoligotypes. The Genotype MTBDR plus assay was used for isoniazid and rifampin susceptibility testing. Ensembles of machine learning (ML) algorithms were used to identify clinically meaningful patterns in data. We computed odds ratio (OR), attributable risk (AR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Based on ML outputs, we examined factors associated with EPTB sites, drug resistance and clustering for the period between July 1 st , 2014 and January 31 st , 2015. Results A total of 75 isolates were identified during study period: we excluded 5 (7%) Mycobacterium bovis isolates. The overall proven EPTB incidence of 4.43 (95% CI: 3.72-5.23) per 100,000 population per year is lower than prior reports. However, the frequency distribution across most frequently encountered EPTB disease sites, including pleura, peritoneum, meninges and skin, were consistent with those reports. The largest cluster comprised of 25 (36%) Mtb strains belonged to East Asian lineage. East Asian lineage was significantly more likely to occur within a chain of EPTB transmission when compared to Euro-American and East-African Indian lineages: OR= 10.11 (95% CI: 1.56-116). Lymphadenitis, meningitis and skin TB, were significantly more likely to be associated with drug resistance: OR=12.69 (95% CI: 1.82-141.60) and AR = 0.25 (95% CI: 0.06-0.43) when compared with other EPTB sites, which suggests that poor rifampin penetration might be a contributing factor. Conclusions Majority of Mtb strains circulating in the city of Tshwane metropolis belongs to East Asian, Euro-American and East-African Indian lineages, and each of these are likely to be clustered, suggesting on-going EPTB disease transmission. On the other hand, 25% of the drug resistance is attributable to sanctuary EPTB sites notorious for poor rifampin penetration, suggesting role for poor drug dosing.