bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The electoral cycle and the tax policy of gminas
Authors: Bień Wioletta
Published: May 2021

Background: The subject of this study is the implemented tax policy of gminas and its factors. One of the popular concepts explaining changes in tax policy is the theory of the political (elec­toral) cycle, according to which electoral decisions are highly dependent on the perception of the economic situation. In election years, local authorities usually attempt to lower or avoid raising local taxes. Therefore, the author focuses mainly on recognising the “electoral” motivations of the adopted tax policy based on the example of gminas in the Małopolskie Voivodeship.

Research purpose: The aim of the study is to analyse and evaluate the tax policy of gminas in the context of the impact of the electoral cycle on the level of local taxes and operating surplus, based on the example of gminas in Małopolskie Voivodeship. According to the author, the impact of the political business cycle on the tax policy of Polish gminas can be observed.

Methods: Both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied in the study. The literature on local tax policy and its differentiating factors was reviewed. The methods of descriptive statistics (structure indicators) were used to analyse data from the budget reports of local government units and statements of the National Electoral Commission. An important source of information in terms of qualitative research were the results of the author’s own survey conducted among the treasurers of gminas in Małopolskie Voivodeship. They allowed for confrontation of the de­termined economic patterns with the opinions of entities having the most information about the financial management of local governments at the gmina level.

Conclusions: The analysis of the data confirmed that the role of local taxes in the building of po­litical capital before local elections was practically insignificant. The research did not indicate that there was any connection between the level of local tax rates and the electoral cycle. Tax policy is perceived by the voters as a relatively insignificant aspect of local policy. In election years, lower budget performance of most gminas implies that the political business cycle affects investment expenditures rather than tax revenues.
Ocena podstawowych zadań publicznych uczelni akademickich w Polsce
Authors: Brzezicki Łukasz
Published: May 2021

Przedmiot badań: W ciągu ostatniej dekady w Polsce kilkakrotnie zmieniono system szkolnic­twa wyższego w różnych aspektach, jednak główne obszary działalności pozostawały niemalże bez zmian. Jednak dotychczas, po pierwsze, nie przeanalizowano poszczególnych podstawo­wych zadań uczelni poza trzema głównymi, tj. działalności dydaktycznej, naukowo-badawczej i transferu wiedzy. Po drugie, nie dokonano całościowej oceny stanu ich realizacji w szkolnic­twie wyższym.

Cel badawczy: W artykule dokonano próby pomiaru zarówno poszczególnych podstawowych zadań publicznych uczelni akademickich w Polsce, zdefiniowanych w ustawie o szkolnictwie wyższym, jak i sprawdzono łączny stan ich realizacji w badanych jednostkach.

Metoda badawcza: Dokonano rankingu uczelni na podstawie wartości zmiennych przypisanych do poszczególnych zadań szkół wyższych oraz wskaźnika syntetycznego w zakresie łącznego stanu ich realizacji.

Wnioski: Niekwestionowanymi liderami ogólnego rankingu były następujące uczelnie: Uni­wersytet Warszawski i Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie. Natomiast najgorszy ogólny wy­nik w rankingu uzyskała Akademia Techniczno-Humanistyczna w Bielsku-Białej i Politechnika Świętokrzyska w Kielcach. Wyniki uczelni w zakresie poszczególnych zadań są zróżnicowane w zależności od badanego obszaru działalności.
Non-microtubule tubulin-based backbone and subordinate components of postsynaptic density lattices
Authors: Suzuki Tatsuo , Terada Nobuo , Higashiyama Shigeki , Kametani Kiyokazu , Shirai Yoshinori , Honda Mamoru , Kai Tsutomu , Li Weidong , Tabuchi Katsuhiko
Published: May 2021

A purification protocol was developed to identify and analyze the component proteins of a postsynaptic density (PSD) lattice, a core structure of the PSD of excitatory synapses in the central nervous system. “Enriched”- and “lean”-type PSD lattices were purified by synaptic plasma membrane treatment to identify the protein components by comprehensive shotgun mass spectrometry and group them into minimum essential cytoskeleton (MEC) and non-MEC components. Tubulin was found to be a major component of the MEC, with non-microtubule tubulin widely distributed on the purified PSD lattice. The presence of tubulin in and around PSDs was verified by post-embedding immunogold labeling EM of cerebral cortex. Non-MEC proteins included various typical scaffold/adaptor PSD proteins and other class PSD proteins. Thus, this study provides a new PSD lattice model consisting of non-microtubule tubulin-based backbone and various non-MEC proteins. Our findings suggest that tubulin is a key component constructing the backbone and that the associated components are essential for the versatile functions of the PSD.
A conservative fully-discrete numerical method for the regularised
shallow water wave equations
Authors: Mitsotakis Dimitrios , Ranocha Hendrik , Ketcheson David I , Süli Endre
Published: May 2021

The paper proposes a new, conservative fully-discrete scheme for the
numerical solution of the regularised shallow water Boussinesq system of
equations in the cases of periodic and reflective boundary conditions. The
particular system is one of a class of equations derived recently and can be
used in practical simulations to describe the propagation of weakly nonlinear
and weakly dispersive long water waves, such as tsunamis. Studies of
small-amplitude long waves usually require long-time simulations in order to
investigate scenarios such as the overtaking collision of two solitary waves or
the propagation of transoceanic tsunamis. For long-time simulations of
non-dissipative waves such as solitary waves, the preservation of the total
energy by the numerical method can be crucial in the quality of the
approximation. The new conservative fully-discrete method consists of a
Galerkin finite element method for spatial semidiscretisation and an explicit
relaxation Runge--Kutta scheme for integration in time. The Galerkin method is
expressed and implemented in the framework of mixed finite element methods. The
paper provides an extended experimental study of the accuracy and convergence
properties of the new numerical method. The experiments reveal a new
convergence pattern compared to standard Galerkin methods.
A Conservative Fully Discrete Numerical Method for the Regularized Shallow Water Wave Equations
Authors: Mitsotakis Dimitrios , Ranocha Hendrik , Ketcheson David I , Süli Endre
Published: May 2021

No description supplied
Redesigning housing for older people in China
Authors: Cui Chang
Published: May 2021

In the 1980s and early 1990s, due to the rapid growth of the real estate industry at the time, this time saw a trend towards the commoditization of homes. Driven by the interests of real estate, the excessive pursuit of volume ratio emerged in residential construction, which often sacrificed function to achieve profit maximization. As a result, there were a series of spatial design problems. Despite this, there are still many older people living in these low-quality dwellings that are no longer suitable for their life. Firstly, the construction of a large number of apartments and nursing homes for older people is a huge and expensive project in China. From the perspectives of finance, and the urgency of accommodating older people, the investment in the reconstruction of older dwellings is potentially lower cost than new buildings, and the scope of application is wide. Secondly, influenced by traditional culture, older people prefer to live near or together with their relatives in familiar surroundings. Therefore, the rational redesign of old dwellings can alleviate some of the living pressure on older people. The thesis focuses on the living environment of older people over 60 years of age who are currently living in old dwellings from 1980s and has ability of self-care. The aim is to improve the current living environment of older people, redesign the existing poor conditions of their old dwellings, and provide better living quality for their future life. Furthermore, it is also to create new possibilities in the field of ageing-friendly renovation of old dwellings in China in the future. The thesis investigates the background of the research subjects and selects suitable subjects for redesign. The thesis provides a reference for how to improve older dwellings for older people using Universal Design principles.
Agencia, decisiones y responsabilidad. El caso de Hans Joachim Beyer para pensar la causalidad.
Authors: Massip Sabater Mariona
Published: May 2021

“No lo hicieron extraterrestres; fueron personas como nosotros[1]” comentaban en el programa especial del InfoK[2] sobre el Holocausto. Kitson, Steward y Husbands (2015) lo justifican: una de las mayores dificultades del alumnado que aprende contenidos históricos es entender por qué las personas de un contexto hicieron lo que hicieron. Desde la enseñanza de la historia se ha reflexionado ampliamente sobre las causalidades relacionadas con ciertos hechos históricos, pero se ha dado menos peso a analizar las interpretaciones sobre la agencia histórica (Den Heyer, 2018). En este artículo nos proponemos repasar y concretar la conceptualización que desde la didáctica de las ciencias sociales se ha dado a la agencia histórica en la comprensión de las causalidades para entender las decisiones y las responsabilidades de las personas en contextos como el del Holocausto para entender que todas las personas somos agentes sociales, de cambio y continuidad y, por tanto, agentes históricas
enseñanza del Holocausto: una oportunidad pedagógica para reflexionar sobre los conflictos sociales actuales
Authors: Lopez Mateu Guadalupe
Published: May 2021

Tras una experiencia de campo, realizando visitas guiadas en un campo de concentración nazi y una intervención en las aulas de cuarto curso de Educación Secundaria, se han detectado unas problemáticas en la enseñanza del Holocausto que se anteponen a los objetivos de la misma: analizar lo que supuso apartar y exterminar a todo aquel que es “diferente”, para reflexionar sobre las exclusiones y discriminaciones actuales. Para resolver dichas problemáticas, en este estudio se propone un enfoque alternativo al tratamiento del Holocausto en las aulas, en primer lugar, atendiendo debidamente a todos los colectivos que fueron víctimas de esta violencia potencial, sin establecer jerarquías en cuanto al grado de sufrimiento, y en segundo lugar, incidiendo en la responsabilidad que tenemos los individuos frente a estos actos de violencia e injusticias sociales, para así contribuir a la formación de una ciudadanía crítica, respetuosa y solidaria.
Alejandro Magno en el cómic norteamericano y europeo del siglo XX: un análisis desde la didáctica de la historia
Authors: Pelegrín Campo Julián Bernardo
Published: May 2021

Tras constatar la existencia de un corpus de más de doscientos cómics publicados a lo largo de casi un siglo que incorporan representaciones gráficas de Alejandro Magno, en el presente trabajo se analizan aquellas obras que muestran al personaje desde una perspectiva histórico-biográfica y con una finalidad didáctica, publicadas por vez primera en los Estados Unidos de la década de 1920 bajo la forma de tiras de prensa y dos décadas más tarde en Europa en tanto que contenidos de las revistas destinadas a un público infantil, así como su posterior evolución en ambos escenarios geográficos a lo largo del siglo XX.
Bounds for the Topological Indices of â„˜ graph
Authors: Manjunath Muddalapuram , Lokesha V. , Suvarna . , Jain Sushmitha
Published: May 2021

Topological indices are mathematical measure which correlates to the chemical structures of any simple finite graph. These are used for Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) and Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR). In this paper, we define operator graph namely, â„˜ graph and structured properties. Also, establish the lower and upper bounds for few topological indices namely, Inverse sum indeg index, Geometric-Arithmetic index, Atom-bond connectivity index, first zagreb index and first reformulated Zagreb index of â„˜-graph.
Localization of Hopfian and Cohopfian Objects in the Categories of A âˆ’ Mod, AGr(A âˆ’ Mod) and COMP(AGr(A âˆ’ Mod))
Authors: Balde Seydina Ababacar , Ben Maaouia Mohamed Ben Faraj , Chbih Ahmed Ould
Published: May 2021

The aim of this paper is to study the localization of hopfian and cohopfian objects in the categories A-Mod of left A-modules, AGr(A-Mod) of graded left A-modules and COMP(AGr(A-Mod)) of complexÂ  sequences associated to graded left A-modules.We have among othersÂ  the main following results :1. Let M be a noetherian graded left A-module, S a saturated multiplicative part formed by the non-zero homogeneous elements of A verifying the left Ore conditions, N a submodule of M, M_{*} is a noetherian quasi-injective complex sequence associated with M and N_{*} is an essential and completely invariant complex sub\--sequence of M_{*}. Then, S^{-1}(N_{*}) the complex sequence of morphisms of left S^{-1}A\--modules is cohopfian if, and only, if S^{-1}(M_{*}) is cohopfian ;2. let M be a graded left A\--module and S a saturated multiplicative part formed by the non-zero homogeneous elements of A verifying the left Ore conditions. If M_{*} is a hopfian, noetherian and quasi-injective complex sequence associated with M, then the complex sequence of morphisms of left S^{-1}(A)-modules S^{-1}(M_{*}) has the following property :{any epimorphism of sub-complex S^{-1}(N_{*}) of S^{-1}(M_{*}) is an isomorphism } ;3. let M be a graded left A-module, N a graded submodule of M, S a saturated multiplicative part formed by the non-zero homogeneous elements of A verifying the left Ore conditions. M_{*} the quasi-projective complex sequence associated with M and $N_{*}$ a superfluous and completely invariant complex sub\--sequence of $M_{*}$. Then the complex morphism sequence of left $S^{-1}(A)$\--modules $S^{-1}(N_{*})$ is hopfian if, and only if, $S^{-1}(M_{*}/N_{*})$ the complex sequence associated with S^{-1}(M/N) is hopfian.Â
On the E-infinity Algebras
Authors: Mohamed Alaa Hassan , Abo Quota Samar Abd-Elbaset
Published: May 2021

In this paper we study an elementary use of E-infinity modules and E-infinity algebras as together they have a use in terms of describing triangulated categories. Also, we show an interpretation of E-infinity algebras where the modules are fibrant objects within the categories of differential graded co-algebras and co-modules.
On the Spectral-Equipartite Graphs and Eccentricity-Equipartite Graphs
Authors: Yurfo Arnel M. , Adanza Joel G. , Baldado Michael Jr. Patula
Published: May 2021

Let G = (V, E) be a graph of order 2n. If A âŠ† V and hAi âˆ¼= hV \Ai, then A is said to be isospectral. If for every n-element subset A of V we have hAi âˆ¼= hV \Ai, then we say that G is spectral-equipartite. In [1], Igor Shparlinski communicated with Bibak et al., proposing a full characterization of spectral-equipartite graphs. In this paper, we gave a characterization of disconnected spectral-equipartite graphs. Moreover, we introduced the concept eccentricity-equipartite graphs.
Analisis Peran Orang Tua Sebagai Pengganti Guru Sekolah di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Siswa SMP Negeri 1 Panai Tengah Kabupaten Labuhanbatu
Authors: Rahayu Puji , Rohana Rohana , Febriani Eka
Published: May 2021

Indonesia di kabarkan dengan adanya kemunculan virus covid-19 yang merupakan penyakit menular. Sehingga berimbas pada pembatasan aktivitas salah satunya sekolah. Muncul kebijakan yang memaksa guru dan murid tetap bekerja dan belajar di dalam rumah. Kebijakan ini tentunya tidak hanya berdampak pada relasi guru dan murid selama belajar di rumah. Namun juga pentingnya optimalisasi peran orang tua dalam pelaksanaan belajar di rumah. Penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peran orang tua sebagai pengganti guru sekolah pada masa pandemi covid-19 siswa SMP Negeri 1 Panai Tengah Kabupaten Labuhanbatu. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember – Januari 2020. Responden  penelitian ini yaitu orang tua siswa SMP Negeri 1 Panai Tengah sebanyak 64 orang. Instrumen penelitian yaitu melalui penyebaran angket. Analisis data nya menggunakan reduksi data penyajian data dan kesimpulan. Pembelajaran di rumah sangat efektif untuk diterapkan namun bukan berarti pembelajaran di sekolah tidak efektif dibandingkan kegiatan pembelajaran di rumah. Guru memberikan tugas karena terbatasnya waktu belajar dan sulitnya berinteraksi selama pembelajaran dirumah, oleh karena itu banyak sebagian guru yang mengganti hal tersebut menjadi pemberian tugas untuk memantapkan kemampuan anak mengenai materi yang dipelajari. Maka, sebagai orang tua wajib memberikan motivasi kepada anaknya belajar di rumah, baik dalam keadaan orang tua bekerja maupun orang tua yang hanya menjadi ibu rumah tangga. Orang tua berperan untuk membimbing anaknya dalam belajar, tugas orang tua juga di harapkan sebagai pembimbing, pendidik, penjaga dan pengawas. Dan  peran serta orang tua dalam melakukan pembelajaran dirumah sebagai pintu terdepan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar dan prestasi anak.
Uma possível conferência nacional de cristãos leigos
Authors: Lorscheider Aloísio
Published: May 2021

A história do laicato cristão é longa e complexa. Entretanto, alguns tópicos ajudar-nos-ão a situar melhor a posição do cristão leigo no âmbito de sua atuação como membro do Povo de Deus.
ECOLOGICAL REHABILITATION OF URBANIZED AREAS AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   National Academy for Public Administration under the President of Ukraine, Ukraine, Lebedinska Olga , Maleki Olga ,   National Academy for Public Administration under the President of Ukraine, Ukraine
Published: May 2021

Implementation of market transformations in the new era of Ukrainian statehood objectively requires the development of a qualitatively new model of economy, primarily focused on ensuring sustainable socio-economic development. At the same time, ensuring the sustainable development of any country should be based on sound environmental policy, which requires a certain level of environmental culture and education. At the same time, ecological culture acts as a special direction of human life, on which not only the natural existence of modern civilization, its sustainable development, but also the future of the next generations, depends significantly. Without a clear understanding of the whole range of environmental issues, one cannot understand why some ethnic groups live in harmony with nature while others leave behind ruins. Why in some cases human life creates harmonious landscapes and ecosystems and in other cases the environment becomes a desert? The authors set out to explore the theoretical and methodological principles of ecological rehabilitation of urban areas, to substantiate the phenomenon of ecological rehabilitation in the context of achieving Sustainable Development Goals, to determine the role and place of environmental education as an integral part of the struggle for environment and ecological rehabilitation. The research hypothesis is based on the assumption that today in Ukraine the issues of ecological development of territories, preservation of the natural environment and ecological education of the local population are of special importance. The state leadership, executive bodies of all levels, local self-government bodies, public associations should, first of all, take care of the issues of preservation of the natural environment, rational use of national resources, rehabilitation of territories affected by human activities. Not only the current state of socio-economic development of the state, the health of the nation, but also the future of Ukrainian independence depends on how successfully these issues will be resolved. The practical purpose of the publication was to develop practical recommendations for increasing the role and place of local governments in the ecological rehabilitation of urban areas. Given the scientific and practical significance of the problem of environmental security of Ukraine at the present stage of state formation, it is planned to continue research on the problems of ecological rehabilitation of urban areas, primarily in the context of finding new mechanisms for public management of sustainable development of large cities.
ELABORATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE UNIVERSITY MODEL AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Authors:   Alecu Russo Balti State University, Republic of Moldova, Suslenco Alina
Published: May 2021

This paper represents a well-founded scientific approach, which elucidates the need to develop a model for ensuring the sustainability in higher education institutions. The aim of the paper is to develop its own model of sustainable development of universities in the Republic of Moldova in order to increase their competitiveness. The research problem is to find an optimal model with the purpose of ensuring a sustainable development of universities in the Republic of Moldova. The research question: what model of sustainable development can be applied to higher education institutions in the Republic of Moldova. Therefore, in this context, several models of the sustainable development of higher education institutions were reviewed, and towards the end, the own model of ensuring sustainability within the universities of the Republic of Moldova was developed. The model includes an innovative approach on the creation of a sustainable university in the conditions of the Republic of Moldova. The model proposed by us is based on ensuring a balanced development from an ecological-economic-social point of view, along with the most important levels that must be developed within a university in order to ensure a sustainable development. The research methodology focused on the use of a range of relevant methods such as: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abduction, documentation, scientific abstraction, which helped us to advance in research and obtain the expected results. In conclusion, we can reiterate that each university, which claims to step firmly on the path of competitiveness and is able to raise students’ interest, motivate their development, create notoriety among stakeholders, has to develop a model of sustainable, viable, competitive development that could ensure a secure path in the future. The model proposed by us is a viable one, and deserves to be applied in the context of increasing competitive pressures. This model will help the universities to deal with competition, to overcome the problems and challenges faced by higher education institutions in the Republic of Moldova, such as the decrease of college enrolment rate and the number of students, the diminution of notoriety, lack of viable tools applied within the university in the interest of ensuring competitive advantages. Applying our own model constitutes an innovative approach for strengthening the sustainability in higher education institutions based on effective tools that will definitely contribute to increasing the performance and ensuring sustainability in higher education institutions in the Republic of Moldova.
TOLERANCE AS AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF CONFLICTOLOGICAL COMPETENCE FORMATION OF FUTURE FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS
Authors:   Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Ukraine, Polishchuk Ganna
Published: May 2021

The aim of this work is to study the level of tolerance in the process of conflictological competence formation of future foreign language teachers by the use of theoretical research methods (analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, comparison); empirical; quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The features of the "tolerance" concept in the scientific sphere, its types and its determinants as a socio-pedagogical phenomenon are clarified. The essence of the "pedagogical conflict" concept and the main causes of pedagogical conflicts are analyzed. The low tolerance level of both students and teachers is recognized as one of the main conflict causes in higher education institutions. As a result of the diagnostic examination of the motivational and value component of conflictological competence, the average level of students’ tolerance was established, which testified to the prospects of further work in developing the orientation of future foreign language teachers to constructive conflict resolution, tolerant attitude, cooperation and search for compromise solutions.
MODELING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GAS INDUSTRY IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine, Makarov Vitaliy , Kaplin Mykola ,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
Published: May 2021

The subject of the research is the directions of development of the gas industry of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to develop a mathematical model for calculating the program of development of the country's gas industry to solve the problem of choosing options for commissioning of new natural gas fields and intensification of existing fields. The methods of system analysis, linear programming, comparative analysis and expert evaluations are used in the work. A model for calculating a program for the development of the gas industry is proposed to solve the problem of choosing options for commissioning new natural gas fields and intensifying existing fields. The model is based on representing development options with achievable volumes of annual production increase in integer linear programming problems. New and operating natural gas fields can be presented in the model with statistical information on their distribution by reserves and depths with the corresponding development costs, as well as the dependences of the predicted annual production volume on the measures taken and technologies to improve the efficiency of gas extraction. Model calculations provide a two-stage method for determining the options for the development of the industry. At the first stage, a variety of options are optimized according to the criterion of unit costs per 1,000 m3 of gas produced during the entire program period. The second stage ensures the optimal distribution of the selected options between the periods of the program using the criterion of the production volume and with the limited costs of the previous period for the preparation, prospecting and exploration of deposits. The results of calculating feasible options for the development of the gas production industry based on statistical information on volume, mining and geological and cost indicators of the development of resources and natural gas reserves are presented. The calculations investigated the options for the uniform distribution of investment, as well as their growth from the first stage to the next. For both cases, the priority is set for the selection of fields with large reserves at the same depths. Such a procedure for putting fields into operation is expedient, both from the point of view of the criterion for the optimal functioning of the industry over a long period of time – the unit costs of production, and on the basis of considerations of achieving the highest volumes of extraction in the shortest possible time. In the case of small capital investments in the development of the industry, the model selects small-volume reserves of deposits according to the structure of Ukrainian reserves.
Mutual Funds Performance (A Case of Pakistan Open Ended Mutual Funds)
Authors: Khan Yasir , Shah Mukharif , Muhammad Darwash
Published: May 2021

Mutual Funds through its professional managers enable small investors to enjoy benefits of capital market with small amount. This study with special focus on Performance-Chasing Behavior and Mutual Funds in an Emerging Economy like Pakistan. The data of 100 open-end Mutual Funds, for the period 2013 to 2018 was collected from Mutual Fund Association of Pakistan; while the risk free rates data was collected from State Bank of Pakistan and Stock data from Pakistan Stock Exchange for predicting the results, Ratio and models were used to understand its suitability. The study has certain implications for the investors in knowing which  funds perform better and which kind of funds are ideal for investment.
Mapping Seasonal Variation in the Distribution and Concentration of Heavy Metals Using Water Quality Index and Geographic Information System Based Applications
Authors: Adu-Boahen Kofi , Boateng Isaac.
Published: May 2021

Incessant monitoring of water is essential in terms of heavy metals and toxic substances as it provides detailed information on aquatic resources. Majority of lagoons receive freshwater from their catchment areas containing industrial and domestic waste. The paper analysed seasonal variations in the distribution and concentrations of Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd),and Manganese (Mn) in the Fosu lagoon in Ghana to ascertain the quality of the lagoon. Water was sampled from eighteen (18) different points on the lagoon and was analysed at the Water Research Institute (WRI) of the Center for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) and the results were interpolated using kriging.The results obtained were compared with the World Health Organisation water quality index. Statistical analysis of heavy metal concentrations using Pearson’s two-tailed significance correlation showed positive correlations for both seasons; between Pb and Cu (0.297; sig. = 0.232, and 0.196; sig.= 0.436), and Cd and Mn (0.119; sig. = 0.643 and 0.191; sig. = 0.447) for the wet and dry seasons respectively. A paired sample t-test on concentrations also showed statistical differences between wet and dry seasons’concentrations for Pb (t = 1.324; sig. = 0.203), Cu (t = 2.759; sig. = 0.013),and Cd (t = 3.056; sig. = 0.007), and Mn (t = -4.014; sig. = 0.001). Pb and Cd showed higher concentrations above the World Health Organisation's permissible limits. Heavy metal concentrations of water samples analysed varied widely in terms of seasons and sampling points.
The Implementation of SAW and BORDA Method to Determine the Eligibility of Studentsâ€™ Final Project Topic
Authors: Meidelfi Dwiny , Yulherniwati - , Sukma Fanni , Chandra Dikky , Jonas Anna Hendri Soleliza
Published: May 2021

The fourth-year students of Bachelor of Applied Studies (BAS) Software Engineering Technology Department of Information Technology (IT) Politeknik Negeri Padang (PNP) are required to work on the Final Project Proposal to the Coordinator, to deliver to the expertise group team to assess the eligibility of the topic. The expertise teams consist of the same skill family. The assessment criteria include originality, novelty, target and topic contribution, methodology, and similarity. Therefore, a system to support group decisions is highly needed to get eligibility for the topic. In a pandemic like today, indoor gatherings are severely restricted. The work from home policy also limits the movement of the team to gather together so that the expert team who would judge cannot conduct a meeting to determine the feasibility of the final project topic optimally. The existence of a subjective assessment of a particular topic requires discussion from the team. The simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method was used to rank the final project proposal, and BORDA method was used to Accumulate the assessment score of the expert team. The research revealed the recommendation on studentsâ€™ final topics. Testing is done by testing the sensitivity of the criteria used in a decision maker's preference. The final result of this research is a recommendation of a final project that is feasible to be implemented by students and recommendation for sensitive assessment criteria. From the ten topics of the final project that were assessed, seven topics could be accepted. The sensitivity test results showed that the weight with criterion 1 and criterion 4 significantly affect the assessment results.
Pola Angin dan Kaitannya terhadap Karakteristik Tinggi Gelombang di Perairan Labuan Bajo, NTT
Authors: Wardhani Prima Aris
Published: May 2021

Perairan Labuan Bajo merupakan lokasi wisata bahari yang memerlukan informasi meteorologi dan tinggi gelombang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola angin lokal dan angin regional serta kaitannya terhadap karakteristik tinggi gelombang. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan mengolah data angin menggunakan WR Plot dan ArcGIS selanjutnya dilakukan analisis korelasi antara angin dan tinggi gelombang menggunakan SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa angin darat dominan bertiup dari Selatan dengan kecepatan rata-rata 2.18 knot sedangkan angin laut cenderung bertiup dari Barat Daya, Barat, Barat Laut hingga Utara dengan kecepatan rata-rata 5.83 knot. Pola angin regional dipengaruhi oleh pola angin musiman. Pada Musim Barat cenderung bertiup dari Barat dan Barat Laut dengan kecepatan rata-rata 2.49 knot, pada Musim Timur cenderung bertiup dari Timur dan Tenggara dengan kecepatan rata-rata 2.64 knot sedangkan pada Musim Peralihan cenderung bertiup dari berbagai arah. Secara harian gelombang cenderung tinggi pada pukul 07:00 dengan rata-rata 1.39 m sedangkan pada pukul 19:00 cenderung rendah dengan rata-rata 0.26 m. Secara musiman tinggi gelombang tertinggi terjadi pada Musim Barat dengan rata-rata 1.35 m dan gelombang terendah terjadi pada Musim Peralihan II dengan rata-rata 0.79 m. Angin regional dan tinggi gelombang memiliki hubungan dengan tingkat sedang hingga kuat pada Musim Timur (R=0.438-0.639).
It’s a Man’s World (Wide Web)
Authors: Spallaccia Beatrice
Published: May 2021

Abusive posts on social media target women engaged in online conversation with words and images that affirm patriarchal ideologies and fixed gender identities, to maintain cyberspace as a man’s world. This book investigates online misogyny as a pervasive yet little-researched form of hate speech. By focusing on six cases of cyber harassment directed at women in Australia, Italy, and the United States, this qualitative analysis reveals specific discursive strategies along with patterns of escalation and mobbing that often intertwine gender-based harassment with racism, homotransphobia, xenophobia, and ageism. The author provides a taxonomy of negative impacts on targets that integrates findings across cases and indicates pathways from hate speech to harms. The study suggests an urgent need for effective measures against the threat posed by misogynistic hate speech to individuals and to an open, respectful forum for online communication.
Application of the transmit active phased array antenna in a radar complex of the sensing of the lunar soil.
Authors:   Fryazino branch of Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences,  Vvedensky sq., 1, Fryazino, Moscow region, 141190, Russia, Semenov D.A.
Published: May 2021

The principles of radar sounding of lunar soil are revealed. The characteristics of the receiving-transmitting active phased antenna array and the possibility of its use in the transmission/reception of the probing radar signal in the study of lunar soil in the active mode from the flight scientific module are analyzed.
Composition, structure and productivity of the herbaceous vegetation of five forest stands varying in soil moisture and nitrogen in Central Himalaya, India
Authors: AWASTHI Pankaj , BARGALİ Kiran , BARGALİ Surendra Singh
Published: May 2021

Herb layer contributes significantly to the species diversity of forest ecosystem and reacts rapidly to changes in the soil characteristics. Composition, structural parameters and productivity of the herbaceous vegetation of five forest stands in the Central Himalaya of India, situated at Nainital district of Uttarakhand, India were investigated. At each site, 1 ha plot was established and herbaceous vegetation was analysed by placing 30 random quadrats of 50x50 cm at each site. To determine the soil moisture and soil nitrogen, soil samples were collected from each site and analysed in the laboratory. The aim of the present investigation was to comprehend the dependency among herb density, diversity, biomass, soil moisture and total soil nitrogen. Results showed that chosen sites contrasted in terms of soil moisture, total soil nitrogen, herbaceous diversity, and biomass. In this study, 70 genera, 73 species from 31 families of herbs were recorded. Total number of herbaceous species recorded in the stands varied from 28 (PI and HG) to 50 (TA).Total individuals of all herb species were 110, 114,141, 164 and 188 plants m-2 in RU, HG, PI, BP and TA forest stands, respectively. Index of similarity and species turnover ranged from 34.48 to 62.50 and 0.31 to 0.54 respectively. Herb density, diversity and biomass showed positive correlation with soil moisture and soil nitrogen. These findings suggested that the soil moisture and nitrogen enhanced the herbaceous diversity by ameliorating soil conditions. This study also demonstrated a straight relationship between herbaceous diversity and biomass indicating the significance of species diversity for ample generation of biomass in forest ecosystem.
Open Letter: Scientists stand up to protect academic whistleblowers and post-publication peer review.
Authors: Besançon Lonni , Samuel Alexander , Sana Thibault , Rebeaud Mathieu Edouard , Guihur Anthony , Robinson-Rechavi Marc , Le Berre Nicolas , Mulot Matthieu , Meyerowitz-Katz Gideon , Maisonneuve Herve , Nosek Brian A.
Published: May 2021

The authors and the co-signatories of this open letter are scientists dedicated to transparency and integrity of research. We support the work needed to investigate potential errors and possible misconduct and believe the scientific community can do more to protect whistleblowers against harassment and threats. Individual researchers can provide vocal support for whistleblowers and against harassment to shift norms. Journals, funders, policymakers, and institutions can make explicit policies that protect whistleblowers and establish fair, judicious, and transparent processes for addressing potential misconduct that protect all participants. With this letter, we show our support for post-publication peer-review, to Elisabeth Bik and her work, and to all the whistleblowers that help maintain quality, honesty, integrity and trustworthiness of scientific advances.
Ellena_FilsafatIlmu_A1
Authors: ELLENA
Published: May 2021

Selama terjadinya pandemi Covid-19 kegiatan belajar dan mengajar tatap muka diberhentikan sementara, namun tidak bisa dikatakan libur sebab adanya teknologi yang dapat membantu kegiatan belajar dan mengajar secara online. Perubahan kegiatan belajar mengajar di tengah pandemi Covid-19 ini mengakibatkan makin berkembangnya era revolusi industri 4.0 bagi pendidikan. Berkembangnya internet merupakan awal dari era revolusi industri. Pandemi Covid-19 sangat memberi pengaruh terhadap pendidikan tinggi di Indonesia termasuk Pendidikan Sejarah. Pemberlakuan kebijakan physical distanscing yang kemudian menjadi dasar perkuliahan online diberlakukan dan dengan memanfaatkan teknologi informasi. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penulisan ini bertujuan untuk menggali lebih dalam 1) Apa saja sumber belajar yang bisa diterapkan dalam Pendidikan Sejarah, 2) Sumber belajar yang mampu memberikan materi yang mudah diterima pada masa pandemi covid-19, dan 3) Menjelaskan pengaruh pembelajaran online terhadap perkembangan revolusi industri 4.0.
A straightforward and Lagrangian proof of the Einsteinian equivalence between the mass and the inernal energy (i.e. rest energy)
Authors: Berké Özgür
Published: May 2021

I propose a Lagrangian proof of Einstein's well-known law that the mass of any system is its internal energy. The interest of this proof is to show how the distinction between internal degrees of freedom and the center of mass appears in the Lagrangian formalism. Considering that the Lagrangian depends on a particular set of variables for the internal degree of freedom, I show in a standard Lagrangian way how one can naturally find the desired law. This proof does not use the tensors of energy-momentum and can be easily used by students familiar with Lagrangian mechanics and the basis of Special Relativity. I apply the method for the particles and for the field, using the scalar field for simplification but it is easy to generalize for other fields (containing only the first derivative in Lagrangian). I give the example for the gravitation field. The method permits us to observe a strong relation between the Einstein’s E=mc² law and his other famous law of the time dilation. I carefully analyze the meaning of the particular choice of the variable and showing a sort of a modified speed addition formula without contradicting, of course, the one of Einstein (& Poincaré). I also try to untangle, with this point of view, the relation between the mass and the origin of the energy scale. Finally I analyze the reason why in Newtonian mechanic we don’t have a such law. In the annex I give some elements of the Hamiltonian analysis checking again the coherence of the particular set of variables and I apply this way of thinking to the old Lorentz-Poincaré model of the electron (useful for an explicit classical renormalization of the mass).
MEASUREMENT AND SOCIAL DESIRABILITY RESPONSE BIAS IN EXPERIMENTAL VIGNETTE RESARCH: A TEST OF FAZIO’S MODE THEORY
Authors: Stolte John
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND. Experimental vignette research methods have been used to study a diverse range of theoretical and practical issues. Vignettes are designed to create hypothetical cultural/normative contexts for the study of variation in self-reported attitudes. A key problem in such research, however, is potential social desirability response bias. METHOD. A vignette experimental test of an hypothesis derived from a dual-process theory (the MODE framework initially developed by Fazio) linking explicit vs. implicit self-reported attitude measurement and social desirability response bias is reported here. RESULTS. The data show that measuring the social approval of a central vignette character explicitly results in greater social desirability responding than measuring such approval implicitly, supporting MODE theory. CONCLUSIONS. Vignette research methodologies provide a rich, flexible toolkit for studying many important social psychological topics, including issues of inequality and equity. However, researchers can and should design a measurement strategy that carefully manages inferences drawn in light of conditions likely to produce social desirability response bias.
Leveraging human agency to improve confidence and acceptability in human-machine interactions
Authors: Vantrepotte Quentin , Berberian Bruno , PAGLIARI Marine , Chambon Valerian
Published: May 2021

Repeated interactions with automated systems are known to affect how agents experience their own actions and choices. The present study explores the possibility of partially restoring sense of agency in operators interacting with automated systems by providing additional information about how and why these systems make decision. To do so, we implemented an obstacle avoidance task with different levels of automation and explicability. Levels of automation were varied by implementing conditions in which the participant was free or not free to choose which direction to take, whereas levels of explicability were varied by providing or not providing the participant with the system’s confidence in the direction to take. We first assessed how automation and explicability interacted with participants' sense of agency, and then tested whether increased self-agency was systematically associated with greater confidence in the decision and improved system acceptability. The results showed an overall positive effect of system assistance. Providing additional information about the system’s decision (explicability effect) and reducing the cognitive load associated with the decision itself (automation effect) was associated with stronger sense of agency, greater confidence in the decision, and better performance. In addition to the positive effects of system assistance, acceptability scores revealed that participants perceived “explicable” systems more favorably. These results highlight the potential value of studying self-agency in human-machine interaction as a guideline for making automation technologies more acceptable and, ultimately, improving the usefulness of these technologies.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the employment situation and financial well-being of families with children in Austria: Evidence from the first ten months of the crisis
Authors: Steiber Nadia , Siegert Christina , Vogtenhuber Stefan
Published: May 2021

Objective: This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the employment situation of parents and in turn on the subjective financial well-being of families with children in Austria. Background: The pandemic had strong repercussions on the Austrian labour market. The short-time work (STW) programme covered a third of employees in the first half of 2020 and helped to maintain employment levels. We provide evidence on how an unprecedented labour market crisis of this sort and in particular the exceptionally wide use of STW had affected the (gendered) employment situation of parents and the financial well-being of different types of families. Method: The study draws on representative panel survey data that cover 905 families with underage children. The data include information on the employment situation and financial well-being of single and cohabiting parents before the onset of the crisis, three months and ten months after its onset. Results: In contrast to other countries, mothers were not more strongly affected by the labour market crisis of 2020 than childless women or fathers. About a third of couples with underage children experienced income losses. Despite the wide use of STW and government support to families, the share of families in financial difficulties has substantially increased, especially among those with many children and single parents, many of who were at risk of poverty already before the crisis. Conclusion: Substantial shares of dual-earner families that had low poverty risks before the crisis were in financial difficulties in 2020. Potential spill-over effects of financial shocks on children are discussed.
Heroicznie dumna osobność. Z Piotrem Matywieckim o poezji Jana Śpiewaka rozmawiają Anita Jarzyna i Marta Tomczok
Authors: Matywiecki Piotr , Jarzyna Anita , Tomczok Marta
Published: May 2021

Narracje o Zagładzie 2021, nr 1(7): Rozmowa numeru
Gwałt jako instytucja w czasie wojen i ludobójstw
Authors: Nijakowski Lech M.
Published: May 2021

Artykuł mieści się w paradygmacie socjologii historycznej i genocide studies. Omówiono w nim pięć nieformalnych instytucji gwałtu, wyróżnionych na podstawie komparatystyki historycznej dziesięciu przypadków: (1) gwałt jako nagroda dla żołnierzy i innych bojowników; (2) gwałt jako mechanizm inicjacji żołnierzy, integracji grupy zbrojnej oraz dowodzenia męskości przez walczących; (3) gwałt jako instytucja ofensywna, mająca dwie główne funkcje: (3.1) symbolicznego ataku na grupę obcą oraz (3.2) zwiększenia kosztów grupy obcej (leczenia kobiet, wychowania niechcianych dzieci itd.); (4) gwałt jako mechanizm czystki etnicznej; (5) gwałt jako mechanizm ludobójstwa. Wymienione typy dotyczą instytucji, a zatem kulturowo ustanowionych wartości i norm, które określają akceptowane cele i sposoby ich osiągania, osadzone w subkulturze określonych organizacji (armii, policji, bojówek partyjnych itd.). Nie każdy gwałt zależy od wymienionych instytucji. W tym sensie gwałty mogą być postrzegane przez członków danej organizacji jako uprawnione lub nieuprawnione. Sprawcy mogą też odczuwać instytucjonalny przymus, aby zaangażować się w gwałcenie ofiar.