bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shallow-water hard corals (Hexacorallia: Scleractinia) from Bangka Belitung Islands Waters, Indonesia
Authors: Putra Singgih A. , Akbar Helmy , Syari Indra A.
Published: November 2019

Bangka Belitung Islands (Sumatra, Indonesia) has various coastal resources, e.g., coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangrove forests. However, the coral community has been threatened by anthropogenic activities, i.e., tin mining and illegal tin mining. Threatened species assessment is important for mitigation of coral losses and management. The ojective of the present study was to examine the status of Scleractinian corals in Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia. A line intercept transect was performed for the coral reef survey. Live and dead coral cover were recorded in the three locations. Corals species were identified following taxonomic revisions. The results showed that there were 142 species of Scleractinian corals recorded from Bangka Belitung Islands. Of these, 22 species are the new report from the areas of the the eastern part of Belitung Island. Family of Merulinidae, Acroporidae, and Poritidae were predominant group in this region. It is concluded that the condition of the coral reef ecosystem in the Belitung Islands is relatively good, but fair in Gaspar Strait and Bangka Island.  Keywords: Coral cover, coral diversity, hard coral, Scleractinia
Parenting apps and the depoliticisation of the parent
Authors: Ramaekers Stefan , Hodgson Naomi
Published: November 2019

In educational research, digital technology has received considerable attention, and in early childhood studies this has largely focused, understandably, on children. Our concern here is with the figure of the parent and on a specific digital technology – apps designed for parents. While apps can be seen as a digital extension of existing information and advice that has proliferated in the turn to parenting, and exhibits many of the characteristics of the parenting culture – for example, positioning parents as in need of education, drawing predominantly from developmental psychology and neuroscience – the particular affordances of apps draw attention to a more profound shift in how we understand what it means to raise children today, particularly if we reassert the representational – political, pedagogical – dimension of the figure of the parent.

This article considers the implications of parenting apps for the position of the parent in the parent–child relationship. Key focuses in the critical sociological literature on the ‘parenting culture’ and the increasing digitisation of our daily lives are summarised to show how parenting apps can be seen as an extension of the instrumentalisation, scientisation and psychologisation identified therein. A pedagogical-philosophical register is introduced, however, informed by Stanley Cavell’s account of initiation in forms of life and Klaus Mollenhauer’s account of upbringing, that brings out the political aspect of the figure of the parent as a representative figure situated between child and world. With reference to a selection of apps aimed at the period from pregnancy to three years old, we illustrate how, while sharing similarities with the existing sources of information and advice for parents, parenting apps are distinctive due to the personalisation, visualisation and notion of community they offer. Hence, what appears as a politicisation of parents through a sociological lens is seen as a depoliticisation of parents through a pedagogical-philosophical lens.
Social ecology and ecological knowledge in South Korean ecocinema
Authors: Lee Sung-Ae
Published: November 2019

Through an engagement with interactions between human cognition and social and natural ecologies, recent South Korean films critique perceived deficiencies in Korean cultural forms and practices. The two eco-themed films that are the main focus of this article,Daeho(The Tiger) andSyupeomaenieotteon Sanai(A Man Who Was Superman), thematize an implicit acquiescence to the environmental status quo within South Korea’s inward-looking culture.A Man Who Was Superman, in particular, articulates nested social structures with the effect that social ecology affords a meta-level for a range of social and ecological issues. The foregrounding of these issues is achieved by disrupting the narrative expectations associated with a particular genre – that is, by modal shifts into magical realism and CGI, by evocations of transcendence and by uses of point-of-view shots that present many scenes from a non-human perspective. In each film, viewer interaction with embodied simulation of affect and emotion produces a response which is simultaneously cognitive, empathic and potentially ethical.
The post-urban gaze and Hong Kong independent cinema: An ecofeminist perspective
Authors: Yee Winnie L. M.
Published: November 2019

The city has always been a prominent subject in Hong Kong cinema. Land has been seen only as a profitable commodity, controlled by property developers and the wealthy. Instead of exploring the countryside and the traditional farming and fishing villages, people shifted their focus to Hong Kong: its skyline became the only valid point of perception. This marginalization of nature, however, was challenged in 2008 during the dispute between the villagers of Choi Yuen village and the Hong Kong government regarding the construction of Guangzhou–Hong Kong High-Speed Rail Link, which would demolish the village of 500 people that lay along its path. This article looks at Jessey Tsang’s documentary Flowing Stories (2014) and adopts an ecofeminist perspective on the ways in which Hong Kong’s cultural imaginary has been reinvented in films. The role of documentaries in the independent film scene will be reviewed, especially the social-issue documentaries that have become popular since 2008. An ecofeminist approach to our understanding of Hong Kong could shift the paradigm of our stagnant cultural imaginary – the urban city – and resituate Hong Kong in a closer connection with its surroundings and the world.
KETIDAKPASTIAN DALAM PEMODELAN PERUBAHAN IKLIM
Authors: Bayhaqi Ahmad
Published: November 2019

THE UNCERTAINTIES IN CLIMATE CHANGE MODELING. Climate in the Earth has changed over the periods and will be estimated to give the a significant impact for environment in the future. Climate prediction using a simulation model, as a tool to predict the future climate and it requires the high quantitative skills and technology, has showed the significant improvement. However, the climate model depends on the input variable and the result may be inaccurate because its biases and uncertainties. Information of the uncertainties in the climate model can determine the modification in climate change mitigation and show the way how to adapt with the inevitable changes.
KARAKTERISTIK UMUM DIATOM DAN APLIKASINYA PADA BIDANG GEOSAINS
Authors: Nugroho Septriono Hari
Published: November 2019

AN OVERVIEW OF DIATOM AND ITS APPLICATIONS ON THE GEOSCIENCE AREA. Diatoms have been being studied in many countries. Diatoms provide a valuable and well-understood means on biomonitoring – one of which is focused on the base of the aquatic foodweb and highly representative of water quality. They are found in most aquatic environments and the sys tematic and taxonomic investigations of modern and fossil diatoms have been supported by numerous stud ies of distributional ecology. Diatom systematics, taxonomy and ecology indeed offer a wide scope of applications - from water quality to environmental monitoring and biostratigraphy as well as on geoscience area. The application of diatom analysis in determining whether drowning was the cause of death has proven to be a valuable tool in forensic science. Furthermore, diatoms can provide a record of environmental conditions because their relationship to water quality and aquatic habitat has been already known, and the diatom cell wall, which is silicified to form a frustule, is well-preserved, easily detectable and occurs in high numbers in sediment and water. However, this should not be limited to simply make an inventory of data: thoughtful ecology and paleo-ecology will assist in predicting the environmental impact of pollution and climate changes.
Canadian C-spine Audit: Appropriateness of C-spine Radiograph Requests in Adult Spinal Injury Assessment ID 10371
Authors: Rait Ravi , Nagra Inderjeet , Hodson Ross
Published: November 2019

Aims and Objectives: To establish whether a newly instituted head and neck care bundle (a checklist document), following recommendations by the initial audit appropriateness of C-spine Radiograph Requests in Spinal Injury or direct CT C-spine in accordance to NICE guidance NG41 showed an improvement in the use of the correct first time modality (X-ray or CT).

Methodology: This was a retrospective study using the CRIS system to evaluate all patients that attended accident and emergency in the months of January and February 2019. Thirty-five patients had C-spine radiographs and 127 patients had C-spine CT scans. The patient were categorised into high and low risk based on NICE guidance NG41 and the use of patient notes via Patient First.

Results: Data was collected and compared with the first audit (ID1614). 74.4% of patients received the appropriate first line radiological modality, compared with 90.7% of patients after the newly instituted head and neck bundle.

Discussion: High risk patients were supposed to have a CT first line while low risk patients were supposed to have plain films as a first line modality. The increase in percentage of patients receiving the correct first line modality was thought to be as a result of the newly instituted head and neck care bundle. Whilst this is an improvement, there were still 15 patients who were at high risk of c-spine fracture who did not receive the appropriate first line modality (CT) and therefore could have been missed.
Activities of antioxidant defense enzymes in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Scherbachyova L. N. , Lebedev N. B. , Knyazeva A. P. , Mischenko B. P.
Published: November 2019

Activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were measured in 60 children aged 5 to 15 with insulin-dependent diabetes of various degrees of compensation and duration. Measurements of glutathione peroxidase were found to be the most informative marker of the status of antioxidant defense system.
Ya. I. Tomashevsky, A. Ya. Tomashevskaya. Foundations of Prophylactic Diabetology
Authors: Potemkin V. V.
Published: November 2019

The peer-reviewed monograph summarizes the results of many years of research by the head of the endocrinology department of the Lviv Medical Institute prof. Ya. I. Tomashevsky and his staff dedicated to the early diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) using pyruvaturic, pyruvatemic and pyruvate dehydrogenase tests. The significance of these studies, both scientifically and in practical terms, is undeniable. Very important in the prevention of diabetes mellitus, especially insulin-dependent diabetes, is the ability to identify individuals genetically predisposed to diabetes with these methods. Under conditions of low-intensity Lviv radioactivity, such a predisposition in the general population was 28.77%, which is 3.77% higher compared to the literature. The authors discovered pyruvic diabetes syndrome, the frequency of which in the general population is 8.90% (the compensation phase is 6.16%, the decompensation phase is 2.74%).The monograph consists of a brief introduction and 7 sections (chapters), the literary index contains 124 sources. A presentation of the methodology for conducting the above tests is preceded by Section 2, in which the authors evaluate the role of the pyruvate dehydrogenase system of mitochondria and the Measles cycle in the mechanism of regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.A relatively simple biochemical method for the determination of pyruvate in urine and blood under conditions of a carbohydrate load provides very valuable information that allows for early diagnosis of diabetes. The authors also identify options for the borderline states of glucose tolerance: insufficiency of the early phase of insulin secretion, pyruvate dehydrogenase hyper- and hypotolerance, contra -insulin deficiency (relative hyperinsulinism), etc.
Use of the genetic engineering growth hormone SAISEN in children with somatotropic insufficiency: Results of clinical trials in Russia
Authors: Dedov I. I. , Peterkova V. A. , Goncharov N. P. , Buraya T. I. , Fofanova O. V. , Pankova S. S. , Bukhman A. I.
Published: November 2019

The efficacy and safety of SAISEN, a recombinant human growtn hormone obtained from mammalian cells, was tested in children with hypophyseal nanism. The treatment duration was 1 year. The results indicate that SAISEN (ARES-SERONO) is a highly effective and safe preparation of growth hormone, noticeblly stimulating the growth rate both in previously untreated children with somatotropic insufficiency, and in those previously treated with STII preparations. Therapy with SAISEN was not associated with any side effects, as shown by both clinical and laboratory data.
Some lessons learned that built self-efficacy
Authors: Schunk Dale H.
Published: November 2019

I am pleased to contribute a chapter to this volume. Whether anything I say is helpful or meaningful – well, as the saying goes, “Let the voters decide!”As a spoiler alert, I have had a most-satisfying 40-year academic career. Of course, in retrospect there are some things I might have done differently. But I believe that things have worked out well, and along the way I have met and interacted with many fascinating people. In this chapter I discuss my background, career progression, significant influences on my life, and lessons learned along the way.
Daftar Isi Jurnal Hukum Progresif, Vol. 7, No. 2, Oktober 2019
Authors: Progresif Jurnal Hukum
Published: November 2019

Daftar Isi Jurnal Hukum Progresif, Vol. 7, No. 2, Oktober 2019
Distributed evaluation of subgraph queries using worst-case optimal low-memory dataflows
Authors: Ammar Khaled , McSherry Frank , Salihoglu Semih , Joglekar Manas
Published: November 2019

We study the problem of finding and monitoring fixed-size subgraphs in a continually changing large-scale graph. We present the first approach that (i) performs worst-case optimal computation and communication, (ii) maintains a total memory footprint linear in the number of input edges, and (iii) scales down per-worker computation, communication, and memory requirements linearly as the number of workers increases, even on adversarially skewed inputs.

Our approach is based on worst-case optimal join algorithms, recast as a data-parallel dataflow computation. We describe the general algorithm and modifications that make it robust to skewed data, prove theoretical bounds on its resource requirements in the
massively parallel computing
model, and implement and evaluate it on graphs containing as many as 64 billion edges. The underlying algorithm and ideas generalize from finding and monitoring subgraphs to the more general problem of computing and maintaining relational equi-joins over dynamic relations.
A concave path to low-overhead robust query processing
Authors: Karthik Srinivas , Haritsa Jayant R. , Kenkre Sreyash , Pandit Vinayaka
Published: November 2019

To address the classical selectivity estimation problem in database systems, a radically different query processing technique called PlanBouquet was proposed in 2014. In this approach, the estimation process is completely abandoned and replaced with a calibrated selectivity discovery mechanism. The beneficial outcome is that provable guarantees are obtained on worst-case execution performance, thereby facilitating robust query processing. An improved version of PlanBouquet, called SpillBound (SB), which significantly accelerates the selectivity discovery process, and provides platform-independent performance guarantees, was presented two years ago.

Notwithstanding its benefits, a limitation of SpillBound is that its guarantees are predicated on expending enormous preprocessing efforts during query compilation, making it suitable only for canned queries that are invoked repeatedly. In this paper, we address this limitation by leveraging the fact that plan cost functions typically exhibit
concave down behavior
with regard to predicate selectivities. Specifically, we design FrugalSpillBound, which provably achieves extremely attractive tradeoffs between the performance guarantees and the compilation overheads. For instance, relaxing the performance guarantee by a factor of two typically results in at least
two orders of magnitude
reduction in the overheads. Further, when empirically evaluated on benchmark OLAP queries, the decrease in overheads is even greater, often more than
three
orders of magnitude. Therefore, FrugalSpillBound substantively extends robust query processing towards supporting ad-hoc queries.
Durable top-
k
queries on temporal data
Authors: Gao Junyang , Agarwal Pankaj K. , Yang Jun
Published: November 2019

Many datasets have a temporal dimension and contain a wealth of historical information. When using such data to make decisions, we often want to examine not only the current snapshot of the data but also its history. For example, given a result object of a snapshot query, we can ask for its "durability," or intuitively, how long (or how often) it was valid in the past. This paper considers
durable top-k queries
, which look for objects whose values were among the top
k
for at least some fraction of the times during a given interval---e.g., stocks that were among the top 20 most heavily traded for at least 80% of the trading days during the last quarter of 2017. We present a comprehensive suite of techniques for solving this problem, ranging from exact algorithms where
k
is fixed in advance, to approximate methods that work for any
k
and are able to exploit workload and data characteristics to improve accuracy while capping index cost. We show that our methods vastly outperform baseline and previous methods using both real and synthetic datasets.
FineLine
Authors: Sauer Caetano , Graefe Goetz , Härder Theo
Published: November 2019

Recovery is an intricate aspect of transaction processing architectures. In its traditional implementation, recovery requires the management of two persistent data stores---a write-ahead log and a materialized database---which must be carefully orchestrated to maintain transactional consistency. Furthermore, the design and implementation of recovery algorithms have deep ramifications into almost every component of the internal system architecture, from concurrency control to buffer management and access path implementation. Such complexity not only incurs high costs for development, testing, and training, but also unavoidably affects system performance, introducing overheads and limiting scalability.

This paper proposes a novel approach for transactional storage and recovery called FineLine. It simplifies the implementation of transactional database systems by eliminating the log-database duality and maintaining all persistent data in a single, log-structured data structure. This approach not only provides more efficient recovery with less overhead, but also decouples the management of persistent data from in-memory access paths. As such, it blurs the lines that separate in-memory from disk-based database systems, providing the efficiency of the former with the reliability of the latter.
Fitting heavy-tailed mixture models with CVaR constraints
Authors: Pertaia Giorgi , Uryasev Stan
Published: November 2019

Standard methods of fitting finite mixture models take into account the majority of observations in the center of the distribution. This paper considers the case where the decision maker wants to make sure that the tail of the fitted distribution is at least as heavy as the tail of the empirical distribution. For instance, in nuclear engineering, where probability of exceedance (POE) needs to be estimated, it is important to fit correctly tails of the distributions. The goal of this paper is to supplement the standard methodology and to assure an appropriate heaviness of the fitted tails. We consider a new Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) distance between distributions, that is a convex function with respect to weights of the mixture. We have conducted a case study demonstrating e˚ciency of the approach. Weights of mixture are found by minimizing CVaR distance between the mixture and the empirical distribution. We have suggested convex constraints on weights, assuring that the tail of the mixture is as heavy as the tail of empirical distribution.
Experimental Study of Fast Transient Currents in Gas Insulated Substation
Authors: S Visakan , Rao Mandava Mohana , Kumar Mritunjay , K Sunitha
Published: November 2019

The increasing demand in transmitting electrical energy at very high voltages with low transmission losses and improved efficiency has led to the development of compact metal enclosed gas insulated substation. There are various advantages of gas insulated substations over conventional substations yet there are a few problems associated with the switching operation in gas insulated substation. The fast transient voltages arising due to the switching operation of disconnectors or circuit breakers may impair the service reliability. The fast transient currents are associated with these fast transient voltages. The main aim of this paper is to characterize the fast transient currents generated due to the switching operations in a gas insulated substation. The dominant frequency content has been identified for different rise times of the fast transient currents and the percentage attenuation in amplitude is determined at different distances from the source. The variation in the peak value of current with distance from the source is also analysed. The experimental work is carried out on 145 kV gas insulated substation models of different configurations and comparison of the results for different case studies are reported.
Common fixed point results for two families of multivalued A–dominated contractive mappings on closed ball with applications
Authors: Rasham Tahair , Shoaib Abdullah
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this paper is to find common fixed point results for two families of multivalued mappings fulfilling generalized rational type A–dominated contractive conditions on a closed ball in complete dislocated b-metric spaces. Some new fixed point results with graphic contractions on a closed ball for two families of multi-graph dominated mappings on dislocated b-metric space have been established. An application to the unique common solution of two families of nonlinear integral equations is presented to show the novelty of our results.
Simulator-based training of generative neural networks for the inverse design of metasurfaces
Authors: Jiang Jiaqi , Fan Jonathan A.
Published: November 2019

Metasurfaces are subwavelength-structured artificial media that can shape and localize electromagnetic waves in unique ways. The inverse design of these devices is a non-convex optimization problem in a high dimensional space, making global optimization a major challenge. We present a new type of population-based global optimization algorithm for metasurfaces that is enabled by the training of a generative neural network. The loss function used for backpropagation depends on the generated pattern layouts, their efficiencies, and efficiency gradients, which are calculated by the adjoint variables method using forward and adjoint electromagnetic simulations. We observe that the distribution of devices generated by the network continuously shifts towards high performance design space regions over the course of optimization. Upon training completion, the best generated devices have efficiencies comparable to or exceeding the best devices designed using standard topology optimization. Our proposed global optimization algorithm can generally apply to other gradient-based optimization problems in optics, mechanics, and electronics.
Consumer Knowledge and Attitude Towards Orange-Fleshed Sweetpotato (OFSP) Puree Bread in Kenya
Authors: Wanjuu Cecilia , Bocher Temesgen , Abong’ George , Low Jan , Mbogo Daniel , Heck Simon , Muzhingi Tawanda
Published: November 2019

OFSP is being used as an ingredient of baked products and can be a source of pro-vitamin A. Information about OFSP puree bread consumer profile is limited. The current study investigates the consumer socio-demographics, knowledge, practices and attitude towards OFSP puree bread in Kenya.

A total of 1024 consumers were interviewed from Nairobi, Kiambu, Kajiado, Kisumu and Kakamega counties. The OFSP bread is purchased by 60% female respondents above 30 years old, who have a university education (79%), formally employed (93%), therefore, middle to high-income earners. Before consumption, 42% of the consumers stored their bread in the refrigerator while 38% stored in the open, and 20% in cupboards. Consumers agree that the OFSP bread could be a good source of energy, vitamins, especially Vitamin A (94%). The acceptance ratings of OFSP bread ranged from 7.37 to 7.65 on a 9-score hedonic scale, hence “liked moderately.” There was a significant relationship between socio-demographics, knowledge about the root, the bread and the overall acceptance of the OFSP puree bread. Consumers were willing to pay more for the OFSP bread based on potential nutritional benefits. There was a significant relationship between consumer demographics and willingness to pay for OFSP puree bread.
Autophagy in Myelinating Glia
Authors: Belgrad Jillian , De Pace Raffaella , Fields R. Douglas
Published: November 2019

Autophagy is the cellular process involved in transportation and degradation of membrane, proteins, pathogens, and organelles. This fundamental cellular process is vital in development, plasticity, and response to disease and injury. Compared with neurons, little information is available on autophagy in glia, but it is paramount for glia to perform their critical responses to nervous system disease and injury, including active tissue remodeling and phagocytosis. In myelinating glia, autophagy has expanded roles, particularly in phagocytosis of mature myelin and in generating the vast amounts of membrane proteins and lipids that must be transported to form new myelin. Notably, autophagy plays important roles in removing excess cytoplasm to promote myelin compaction and development of oligodendrocytes, as well as in remyelination by Schwann cells after nerve trauma. This review summarizes the cell biology of autophagy, detailing the major pathways and proteins involved, as well as the roles of autophagy in Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes in development, plasticity, and diseases in which myelin is affected. This includes traumatic brain injury, Alexander's disease, Alzheimer's disease, hypoxia, multiple sclerosis, hereditary spastic paraplegia, and others. Promising areas for future research are highlighted.
Nerve Injury-Induced Neuronal PAP-I Maintains Neuropathic Pain by Activating Spinal Microglia
Authors: Li Jiayin , Shi Haixiang , Liu Hui , Dong Fei , Liu Zhiping , Lu Yingjin , Chen Luonan , Bao Lan , Zhang Xu
Published: November 2019

Pancreatitis-associated proteins (PAPs) display multiple functions in visceral diseases. Previous studies showed that the expression level of PAP-I was low in the DRG of naive rats but wasde novoexpressed after peripheral nerve injury. However, its role in neuropathic pain remains unknown. We found that PAP-I expression was continuously upregulated in the DRG neurons from rat spared nerve injury models, and transported toward the spinal dorsal horn to act as a proinflammatory factor. Intrathecal delivery of PAP-I enhanced sensory hyperalgesia, whereas PAP-I deficiency by either gene knockout or antibody application alleviated tactile allodynia at the maintenance phase after spared nerve injury. Furthermore, PAP-I functioned by activating the spinal microglia via C-C chemokine receptor Type 2 that participated in neuropathic pain. Inhibition of either microglial activation or C-C chemokine receptor Type 2 abolished the PAP-I-induced hyperalgesia. Thus, PAP-I mediates the neuron-microglial crosstalk after peripheral nerve injury and contributes to the maintenance of neuropathic pain.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuropathic pain is maladaptive pain condition, and the maintaining mechanism is largely unclear. Here we reveal that, after peripheral nerve injury, PAP-I can be transported to the spinal dorsal horn and is crucial in the progression of neuropathic pain. Importantly, we prove that PAP-I mainly functions through activating the spinal microglia via the CCR2-p38 MAPK pathway. Furthermore, we confirm that the proinflammatory effect of PAP-I is more prominent after the establishment of neuropathic pain, thus indicating that microglia also participate in the maintenance phase of neuropathic pain.
Manipulations of Central Amygdala Neurotensin Neurons Alter the Consumption of Ethanol and Sweet Fluids in Mice
Authors: Torruella-Suárez María Luisa , Vandenberg Jessica R. , Cogan Elizabeth S. , Tipton Gregory J. , Teklezghi Adonay , Dange Kedar , Patel Gunjan K. , McHenry Jenna A. , Hardaway J. Andrew , Kantak Pranish A. , Crowley Nicole A. , DiBerto Jeffrey F. , Faccidomo Sara P. , Hodge Clyde W. , Stuber Garret D. , McElligott Zoé A.
Published: November 2019

The central nucleus of the amygdala plays a significant role in alcohol use and other affective disorders; however, the genetically-defined neuronal subtypes and projections that govern these behaviors are not well known. Here we show that neurotensin neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala of male mice are activated byin vivoethanol consumption and that genetic ablation of these neurons decreases ethanol consumption and preference in non-ethanol-dependent animals. This ablation did not impact preference for sucrose, saccharin, or quinine. We found that the most robust projection of the central amygdala neurotensin neurons was to the parabrachial nucleus, a brain region known to be important in feeding behaviors, conditioned taste aversion, and alarm. Optogenetic stimulation of projections from these neurons to the parabrachial nucleus is reinforcing, and increases ethanol drinking as well as consumption of sucrose and saccharin solutions. These data suggest that this central amygdala to parabrachial nucleus projection influences the expression of reward-related phenotypes and is a novel circuit promoting consumption of ethanol and palatable fluids.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major health burden worldwide. Although ethanol consumption is required for the development of AUD, much remains unknown regarding the underlying neural circuits that govern initial ethanol intake. Here we show that ablation of a population of neurotensin-expressing neurons in the central amygdala decreases intake of and preference for ethanol in non-dependent animals, whereas the projection of these neurons to the parabrachial nucleus promotes consumption of ethanol as well as other palatable fluids.
Gene polymorphism and plasma levels of miR-155 in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Polina E R , Oliveira F M , Sbruzzi R C , Crispim D , Canani L H , Santos K G
Published: November 2019

Circulating microRNA-155 (miR-155) is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the rs767649 polymorphism in the pre-MIR155 gene is associated with miR-155 expression. However, their relationship with diabetic retinopathy (DR) is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this case-control study was to test the hypothesis that the rs767649 polymorphism in the pre-MIR155 gene is associated with DR in South Brazilians with T2DM. We also evaluated the association of plasma levels of miR-155 with DR and the rs767649 polymorphism in a subgroup of subjects. The rs767649 polymorphism was genotyped in 139 blood donors and 546 T2DM patients (244 had no DR, 161 had non-proliferative DR and 141 had proliferative DR). miR-155 expression was quantified in 20 blood donors and 60 T2DM patients (20 from each group). Among T2DM patients, the carriership of the A allele and the A allele were more frequent in subjects with DR than in those without it (P < 0.05), and the A allele was independently associated with an increased risk of DR (adjusted OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.12–4.01). The plasma levels of miR-155 were lower in T2DM patients than in blood donors (P < 0.001). However, the miR-155 levels did not differ according to the presence and severity of DR or according to rs767649 genotypes among T2DM patients. These findings support that the rs767649 polymorphism in the pre-MIR155 gene is associated with DR in T2DM and that the miR-155 plasma levels might be associated with T2DM. Additional studies are needed to further investigate their clinical significance in DR and T2DM.
Photodynamic therapy enables tumor-specific ablation in preclinical models of thyroid cancer
Authors: Muhanna Nidal , Chan Harley H L , Townson Jason L , Jin Cheng S , Ding Lili , Valic Michael S , Douglas Catriona M , MacLaughlin Christina M , Chen Juan , Zheng Gang , Irish Jonathan C
Published: November 2019

The incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer has increased significantly during the last several decades. Surgical resection is the primary treatment for thyroid cancer and is highly effective, resulting in 5-year survival rates greater than 98%. However, surgical resection can result in short- and long-term treatment-related morbidities. Additionally, as this malignancy often affects women less than 40 years of age, there is interest in more conservative treatment approaches and, an unmet need for therapeutic options that minimize the risk of surgery-related morbidities while simultaneously providing an effective cancer treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has the potential to reduce treatment-related side effects by decreasing invasiveness and limiting toxicity. Owing to multiple advantageous properties of the porphyrin-HDL nanoparticle (PLP) as a PDT agent, including preferential accumulation in tumor, biodegradability and unprecedented photosensitizer packing, we evaluate PLP-mediated PDT as a minimally invasive, tumor-specific treatment for thyroid cancer. On both a biologically relevant human papillary thyroid cancer (K1) mouse model and an anatomically relevant rabbit squamous carcinoma (VX2)-implanted rabbit thyroid model, the intrinsic fluorescence of PLP enabled tracking of tumor preferential accumulation and guided PDT. This resulted in significant and specific apoptosis in tumor tissue, but not surrounding normal tissues including trachea and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). A long-term survival study further demonstrated that PLP-PDT enabled complete ablation of tumor tissue while sparing both the normal thyroid tissue and RLN from damage, thus providing a safe, minimally invasive, and effective alternative to thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer therapies.
Mechanisms controlling hormone secretion in human gut and its relevance to metabolism
Authors: Martin Alyce M , Sun Emily W , Keating Damien J
Published: November 2019

The homoeostatic regulation of metabolism is highly complex and involves multiple inputs from both the nervous and endocrine systems. The gut is the largest endocrine organ in our body and synthesises and secretes over 20 different hormones from enteroendocrine cells that are dispersed throughout the gut epithelium. These hormones include GLP-1, PYY, GIP, serotonin, and CCK, each of which play pivotal roles in maintaining energy balance and glucose homeostasis. Some are now the basis of several clinically used glucose-lowering and weight loss therapies. The environment in which these enteroendocrine cells exist is also complex, as they are exposed to numerous physiological inputs including ingested nutrients, circulating factors and metabolites produced from neighbouring gut microbiome. In this review, we examine the diverse means by which gut-derived hormones carry out their metabolic functions through their interactions with different metabolically important organs including the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue and brain. Furthermore, we discuss how nutrients and microbial metabolites affect gut hormone secretion and the mechanisms underlying these interactions.
Evolutionary Dynamics of the SKN-1 → MED → END-1,3 Regulatory Gene Cascade inCaenorhabditisEndoderm Specification
Authors: Maduro Morris F
Published: November 2019

Gene regulatory networks and their evolution are important in the study of animal development. In the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, the endoderm (gut) is generated from a single embryonic precursor, E. Gut is specified by the maternal factor SKN-1, which activates the MED → END-1,3 → ELT-2,7 cascade of GATA transcription factors. In this work, genome sequences from over two dozen species within the Caenorhabditis genus are used to identify MED and END-1,3 orthologs. Predictions are validated by comparison of gene structure, protein conservation, and putative cis-regulatory sites. All three factors occur together, but only within the Elegans supergroup, suggesting they originated at its base. The MED factors are the most diverse and exhibit an unexpectedly extensive gene amplification. In contrast, the highly conserved END-1 orthologs are unique in nearly all species and share extended regions of conservation. The END-1,3 proteins share a region upstream of their zinc finger and an unusual amino-terminal poly-serine domain exhibiting high codon bias. Compared with END-1, the END-3 proteins are otherwise less conserved as a group and are typically found as paralogous duplicates. Hence, all three factors are under different evolutionary constraints. Promoter comparisons identify motifs that suggest the SKN-1, MED, and END factors function in a similar gut specification network across the Elegans supergroup that has been conserved for tens of millions of years. A model is proposed to account for the rapid origin of this essential kernel in the gut specification network, by the upstream intercalation of duplicate genes into a simpler ancestral network.
Systemic change policy in higher education in Ukraine
Authors: Семенець-Орлова І. А.
Published: November 2019

Education as a public good has an important state-making function. The state of the education systemdepends on sound educational policy, the competence of state decisions and properly placed emphasisin determining strategic priorities. Achieving new quality and development of the national educationsystem is impossible without equally significant changes in the system, processes and mechanisms ofpublic education management. Comprehensive educational reform is implemented at the level of specificeducational institutions and institutions, and requires both organizational and individual readiness toimplement a new one.The main disadvantages of state education policy as a tool for ensuring the constitutional right toeducation in modern Ukraine can be identified: lack of real decentralization of education management, lackof conditions for effective and systematic participation of the public in the decision making process onimproving the quality of education, ensuring its accessibility, free of charge, social protection , the misuseof funds in the education sector.The author analyzes procedural features and important tools for managing organizational change (atthe institution of higher education) based on expert survey data. Based on the work of well-known modernchange management theorists, the author outlines the logic and sequence of procedures for the preparationand direct implementation of educational change. The author argues that the low success rate of educationalchanges in the national realities at the level of institutions, educational institutions is caused by incompleteadherence to the sequence of management support procedures and neglect of many appropriate tools for theconsistent preparation of the educational change process.
Inference for the linear combination of two independent exponential random variables based on fuzzy data
Authors: BASHARAT Hina , MUSTAFA Saima , MAHMOOD Shahid , JUN Young Bae
Published: November 2019

In this article, we have derived the distribution of a linear combination of two independent exponential random variables. The parameter estimates of the proposed distribution are obtained by using the maximum likelihood estimation method and the method of moments from fuzzy data. The findings in this paper show that estimation expertise is still valuable to any organization based on the precise and certain information. The proposed research consisted in developing an estimation technique using fuzzy logic and this is often measured in terms of linguistic values, which is very helpful and beneficial  for the certain and precise results.
Possibility of combined therapy with an oral phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor (apremilast) and dihydrofolatereductase inhibitor (methotrexate) in patients with psoriatic arthritis plaque psoriasis
Authors: Kubanov Alexey A. , Artamonova Olga G. , Karamova Arfenya E.
Published: November 2019

Background: Data on the possible combinations of apremilast with other types of psoriasis therapy is limited.
Description of clinical cases: We present the data on the efficacy and safety of combination therapy of the selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor and dihydrofolatereductase inhibitor (methotrexate) for the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and active psoriatic arthritis with lack of efficacy of methotrexate in the anamnesis. The selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor (apremilast) was administered according to the prescription. The severity psoriatic arthritis of was estimated by PASI. The effectiveness of therapy was evaluated at week 14. Due to the lack of effect, methotrexate was added subcutaneously at week 14. The effectiveness of combination therapy was assessed at week 26. In both cases, the significant clinical improvement was reached (patients reached PASI 75 and PASI 90), a decrease of the psoriatic arthritis activity according to the DAS28 and DAPSA.
Conclusion: These clinical cases demonstrate the efficacy and safety of combined therapy with methotrexate and apremilast inpatients with active psoriatic arthritis and moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.
Perbandingan Intensitas Nyeri dan Kadar Prostaglandin Kombinasi Tramadol dan Deksketoprofen dengan Tramadol dan Parasetamol Intravena pada Pasien Bedah Ortopedi Ekstremitas Bawah
Authors: Josephine Clara Valentia , Ahmad Muhammad Ramli , Hisbullah Hisbullah , Wahab Abdul
Published: November 2019

Analgesia multimodal adalah prinsip manajemen nyeri pascaoperasi. Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis rancangan acak tersamar ganda. Tujuan penelitian ini membandingkan efek kombinasi analgesik tramadol dan deksketoprofen dengan tramadol dan parasetamol terhadap intensitas nyeri dan kadar prostaglandin (PGE2) di RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo serta Rumah Sakit Jejaring di Makassar pada bulan Juli–September 2018. Empat puluh enam pasien ASA PS I dan II yang menjalani operasi ortopedi ekstremitas bawah dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok D adalah pasien yang menerima 50 mg tramadol dengan 50 mg deksketoprofen dan kelompok P adalah pasien yang menerima 50 mg tramadol dengan 1.000 mg parasetamol intravena. PGE2 dan intensitas nyeri dicatat selama penutupan kulit sebelum pemberian obat 8 dan 16 jam sesudahnya. Data dianalisis menggunakan Uji Mann-Whitney U dan paired t-test yang sesuai. Numeric rating scale (NRS) kelompok tramadol dan deksketoprofen lebih rendah dibanding dengan kelompok tramadol dan parasetamol dengan perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05). Kadar PGE2 menurun pada kelompok tramadol dan deksketoprofen (T1–T2 p=0,009 dan T0–T2 p=0,01), sedangkan kadar PGE2 pada kelompok tramadol dan parasetamol meningkat (T2–T1 p=0,227 dan T0–T2 p=0,706). Simpulan, kombinasi tramadol dan deksketoprofen mengurangi tingkat PGE2 dan intensitas nyeri dibanding dengan kombinasi tramadol dan parasetamol. Dexketoprofen Combination and Tramadol Paracetamol Combination in Lower Limb Orthopedic SurgeryMultimodal analgesia is one of the principles of postoperative pain management. This study aimed to compare the effect of analgesic combination of tramadol dexketoprofen and tramadol paracetamol on pain intensity and prostaglandin (PGE2) level. Forty-six ASA PS I and II patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery were allocated into two groups. Group D received 50 mg tramadol with 50 mg dexketoprofen and group P received 50 mg tramadol with 1,000 mg paracetamol intravenously. The PGE2 and pain intensity were recorded during skin closure prior to drug administration, 8 and 16 hours afterwards. Data were analyzed as appropriate using Mann-Whitney U and paired t-test. The NRS of two groups were significantly different where the NRS of the Tramadol Dexketoprofen group was lower than that of the tramadol and paracetamol group (NRS T1 p=0.049, NRS T2 p=0.035). The PGE2 levels decreased in the tramadol dexketoprofen groups (T1–T2 p=0.009 and T0–T2 p=0.01), whereas PGE2 levels in tramadol paracetamol group increased (T2–T1 p=0.227 and T0–T2 p=0.706). In conclusion, tramadol dexketoprofen combination reduces the PGE2 level and pain intensity as opposed to tramadol paracetamol combination.
Statistical Test/Estimation Methods Used in Contemporary Phase III Cancer Randomized Controlled Trials with Time-to-Event Outcomes
Authors: Uno Hajime , Horiguchi Miki , Hassett Michael J.
Published: November 2019

There exist a wide variety of statistical methods for clinical trials. Despite decades of clinical trial research, little is known about which methods are used in data analysis practice of the real world. This review describes the evidence of existing practices on survival data analysis and identifies potential opportunities to improve them.
К ВОПРОСУ О РОЛИ ТОП-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ НАУЧНО-ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫ
Authors: Ислакаева Гузель Разимовна
Published: November 2019

Цель: изучить вопрос о сложившихся в России подходах к формированию топ-менеджмента в организациях научно-образовательной сферы в контексте идеи менеджериализма. Обсуждение: автор считает, что существующие подходы к подбору топ-менеджмента (главных руководителей с управленческой командой) практически не изменились с советских времен, как со стороны властных органов, так и со стороны коллективов. До сих пор у научно-образовательного сообщества существует стереотип, что во главе научной организации или вуза должен стоять крупный ученый, известный в научных кругах, если речь идет о руководителе вуза, то большое значение придается трудовому стажу в стенах вуза. Подобные подходы при выборе коллективами руководителя вуза или научной организации не способствуют реализации государственной политики, проводимой в научно-образовательной сфере, основанной на принципах управления по результатам. Результаты: в статье обосновано, так как это в числе критериев, необходимых для топ-менеджмента организаций научно-образовательной сферы, должно быть наличие профессиональных управленческих компетенций, что позволит существенно повысить качество принимаемых ими управленческих и экономических решений.
Ligation Independent Cloning v1
Authors: The Nonprofit Plasmid Repository Addgene
Published: November 2019

This protocol describes Ligation Independent Cloning (LIC). To see the full abstract and additional resources, please visit the Addgene protocol page.
AAV Purification by Iodixanol Gradient Ultracentrifugation v1
Authors: The Nonprofit Plasmid Repository Addgene
Published: November 2019

This protocol goes through AAV purification by Iodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation. To see the full abstract and additional resources, visit the Addgene protocol page. Sample Data
Plasmid Modification by Annealed Oligo Cloning v1
Authors: The Nonprofit Plasmid Repository Addgene
Published: November 2019

This protocol describes plasmid modification by annealed oligo cloning. To see the full abstract and additional resources, please visit the Addgene protocol page.
Plasmid Cloning by Restriction Enzyme Digest (aka Subcloning) v1
Authors: The Nonprofit Plasmid Repository Addgene
Published: November 2019

This protocol describes plasmid cloning by restriction enzyme digest (aka subcloning). To see the full abstract and additional resources, please visit the Addgene protocol page.