bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 2021 Mw 6.7 Khankh earthquake in the Khuvsgul rift, Mongolia
Authors: Battogtokh Davaasambuu , Bayasgalan Amgalan , Wang Kang , Ganzorig Davaasuren , Bayaraa Jargalsaikhan
Published: June 2021

A Mw 6.7 occurred at Lake Khuvsgul in northwestern Mongolia at 05:32:56 AM Ulaanbaatar time on the 12th of January 2021. The epicenter of the event was offshore south of the Doloon Uul peninsula around 30 km SSW of Khankh village. Shaking was felt within most of central and western Mongolia, including the capital city Ulaanbaatar ~600 km from the epicenter. The earthquake appears to have ruptured the Khuvsgul fault along the western coast of Lake Khuvsgul. The earthquake is the largest in Mongolia since the Mw 6.3 Busiin Gol earthquake in 1991. Our research team from the Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Mongolian Academy of Sciences visited the epicenter area for 5 days soon after the earthquake and installed four broad-band seismic stations and searched the area for geological evidence of the earthquake. The location, azimuth, dip and depth of this earthquake defined by moment tensor solutions calculated by the international seismological centers and analysis of InSAR interferograms and field observations. The projected intersections of the east-dipping nodal planes with the surface for solutions of the international seismological centers and researchers correlate relatively well with the mapped strike and location of the old tectonic scarp of the Khuvsgul fault although we have not discovered any primary co-seismic surface rupture. The InSAR interferogram demonstrates the sharp discontinuity and fringes in the area between the Western Range and Doloon Uul peninsula which implies surface deformation. Aftershocks that have continued during the three months subsequent to the earthquake define overall strike of the mainshock rupture.
The role of cytogenetic and molecular testing in the diagnostics and prognostication of chronic B-cell lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Szarawarska Marta , Jasiewicz Andrzej , Pluta Andrzej , Niemiec Joanna
Published: June 2021

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is the most frequently diagnosed leukemia in an adult population in Europe and North America. Disease pathogenesis is not well defined. The majority patients are following the “wait and watch” strategy since early treatment does not affect survival. The therapeutic decision is based on the clinical stage of disease, presence of comorbid conditions clinical disease activity as well as 11q deletion and 17p deletion status and/or mutation in the TP53 gene. Moreover, expression of CD38, ZAP70, and mutational status of IGVH gene are well-known prognostic factors. The following chromosomal abnormalities are the most frequently diagnosed in CLL: 13q14 (in 50 – 60% CLL), 11q22-23 (in 12 – 18% CLL), 17p13 (in 10% CLL) deletion, 6q (in about 6% CLL) and trisomy of chromosome 12 (in 10 – 20% CLL). However, the above-mentioned factors are not able to define all, high-risk patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to search for new prognostic and predictive factors, which might be helpful in better classification and selection for personalized therapy for B-cell CLL patients. This prompted us to review both the well-known and new prognostic/predictive factors.
Specification of social conflicts in democratic society
Authors: Araucz-Boruc Agnieszka
Published: June 2021

Man is a social being, therefore, he has a group life that results in close and distant contact between diverse individuals. These contacts concern culturally disparate people holding values, desires, views or habits of variable acceptability. Therefore, we are witnessing that what some find good, others consider strange or wrong. Disputes, controversies and conflicts are characteristic of the democratic system, and pluralism is one of the constitutional foundations of democracy. The existence and clashing of differences are often the source of conflicts in democratic societies. Social conflicts have been, are, and will continue to accompany us every day, because their scale is very wide, from ordinary quarrels, even to wars. We just need to learn to deal with them, primarily through recognition, action and elimination of effects.
Towards informational safety: quality of information and uncertainties of fact machining
Authors: Grabińska Teresa
Published: June 2021

The paper considers the problem of information credibility. Currently, such a problem is affecting scientists, as well as ordinary people who are dependent on information networks. Hence, the Author formulates three postulates that should be observed in dealing with the quality of information: P1 – identify the source of information, P2 – determine the level of credibility of the information source, P3 – recognize the purpose of information dissemination. The first two postulates are universal because they are applicable to all the users of information. The third becomes more and more important in the social and political choices of citizens. In scientific work, empirical facts are being transformed to empirical data (increasingly, to the form of big data) which are results of advanced registration and processing by means of technical and information science tools, such as: a) technical transforming the empirical signal into information; b) statistical selection of signals, and, next, statistical processing of the received data; c) assessment of results for suitability in applications. Other “epistemic” factors, however, are also involved, as: d) conceptual apparatus used for idealization (and then for interpretation), e) assessment of the results in terms of compliance with the epistemological (sometimes, also commercial or ideological) position. All these factors should be the subject of careful study of errology proposed by P. Homola.
Selected aspects of the image of the Polish Armed Forces in the opinion of students of uniformed classes
Authors: Materac Janusz
Published: June 2021

The article concerns the perception of the Polish Armed Forces among youth studying in uniformed classes. The article aims to present the results of a pilot study on selected aspects of the image of the Polish Armed Forces. The paper discusses the importance and the essence of creating a positive image of the army in society. The research methodological assumptions and the respondents’ opinions on the image of the Polish Armed Forces as a guarantor of defense were presented.
Twenty years of functioning of the Women’s Affairs Council in the Ministry of National Defense in the years 1999-2019
Authors: Szkudlarek Iwona
Published: June 2021

The article summarizes 20 years of operation of the Women’s Affairs Council in the Ministry of National Defense. The author explains the basics of the functioning of this body, its tasks, and competences. What is more, she presents subsequent soldiers, who acted as the chairwomen of the Council in individual years. The publication also presents the most important initiatives and activities in which the Council has been involved over the last two decades.
Estimation of Connected Vehicle Penetration Rate on Indiana Roadways
Authors: Hunter Margaret , Mathew Jijo K. , Cox Ed , Blackwell Matthew , Bullock Darcy M.
Published: June 2021

Over 400 billion passenger vehicle trajectory waypoints are collected each month in the United States. This data creates many new opportunities for agencies to assess operational characteristics of roadways for more agile management of resources. This study compared traffic counts obtained from 24 Indiana Department of Transportation traffic counts stations with counts derived by the vehicle trajectories during the same periods. These stations were geographically distributed throughout Indiana with 13 locations on interstates and 11 locations on state or US roads. A Wednesday and a Saturday in January, August, and September 2020 are analyzed. The results show that the analyzed interstates had an average penetration of 4.3% with a standard deviation of 1.0. The non-interstate roads had an average penetration of 5.0% with a standard deviation of 1.36. These penetration levels suggest that connected vehicle data can provide a valuable data source for developing scalable roadway performance measures. Since all agencies currently have a highway monitoring system using fixed infrastructure, this paper concludes by recommending agencies integrate a connected vehicle penetration monitoring program into their traditional highway count station program to monitor the growing penetration of connected cars and trucks.
Effect of methyl donors supplementation on performance, immune responses and anti-oxidant variables in broiler chicken fed diet without supplemental methionine
Authors: Savaram Venkata Rama Rao , Raju Mantena Venkata Lakshmi Narasimha , Bhukya Prakash , Paul Shyam Sunder , Devanaboyina Nagalakshmi
Published: June 2021

Objective: Methionine (Met) is involved in methyl group transfer besides protein synthesis. As the availability is limited and cost is high for synthetic Met, reductions in its inclusion in broiler diet may be possible by supplementing the low Met diets with methyl donors (MD) like betaine (Bet), folic acid (FA), vitamin B12 (B12), and biotin (Bio). An experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplementing the MD on performance (average daily gain [ADG], daily feed intake, feed efficiency [FE]), anti-oxidant variables, immune responses and serum protein concentration in broilers fed sub-optimal concentrations of dietary Met.Methods: Maize-soybean meal diet was used as control (CD). Different MD like Bet (0.2%), B12 (0.1 mg), FA (4 mg), or Bio (1.5 mg/kg) were supplemented to basal diet (BD) having no supplemental Met. The BD without MD was kept for comparison. Each diet was fed ad libitum to 10 replicates of 25 chicks in each from 1 to 42 d of age.Results: At the end of experiment, the ADG in MD group was higher than BD and lower than CD. The FE improved with FA or Bet compared to the BD. Breast meat weight was higher in Bet compared to the BD, while it was intermediate between BD and CD in other groups. The lipid peroxidation reduced with Bio, B12, or Bet, while the glutathione peroxidase activity improved with Bio or B12 compared to the BD. Lymphocyte proliferation improved with Bet compared to the BD. The serum protein concentrations increased with FA, Bio, or Bet compared to those fed BD.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the ADG can be improved partially with supplementation of MD while the FE improved with FA or Bet. Some MD also reduced the stress indices and improved immune responses compared to the BD fed broilers.
Effect of dietary pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) seed meal on layer performance and egg quality characteristics
Authors: Vlaicu Petru Alexandru , Panaite Tatiana  Dumitra
Published: June 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) seed meal (PSM) on laying hens' performance, quality, fatty acids, cholesterol, antioxidant compounds and shelf life of eggs.Methods: Eighty Tetra SL laying hens, 50-week-old, were randomly divided into two equal groups, having 10 replicates with 4 birds in each. The control (CON) treatment was fed with basal diet, while experimental treatment was fed a diet with 9% PSM, for a 6 week period.Results: Dietary PSM significantly decreased average daily feed intake (p<0.05), with no significant effect on other performance parameters. The PSM, enriched the eggs with polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially α linolenic acid (0.33 vs 0.21 g/100 g) and linoleic acid (20.65 vs 18.37 g/100 g), whereas it reduced the amount of arachidonic acid with 3.91% and n-6/n-3 ratio in PSM eggs compared with CON. The inclusion of 9% PSM significantly (p<0.05) diminished the cholesterol concentration in yolk with 11.31% and in egg with 10.38%, in respect to the CON samples. The significantly (p<0.05) higher concentration of polyphenols and antioxidant compounds, determined in PSM eggs, proved to be effective on shelf life of eggs preserved at refrigerator (5°C) and room temperature (21°C) for 28 days, by delaying the lipid oxidation and protein denaturation. This effect was reflected in significantly (p<0.05) higher Haugh unit in eggs stored 28 days at 21°C and lower albumen pH values for the overall storage time, both at 5°C and 21°C, proving the antioxidant effect of pumpkin.Conclusion: Dietary PSM supplementation was significantly effective on average daily feed intake and egg quality by increasing some fatty acids while lowering the cholesterol concentration. Also, PSM proved to be effective improving shelf life of eggs for 28 days storage time.
Identification and functional prediction of long noncoding RNAs related to intramuscular fat content in Laiwu pigs
Authors: Wang Lixue , Xie Yuhuai , Chen Wei , Zhang Yu , Zeng Yongqing
Published: June 2021

Objective: Intramuscular fat (IMF) is a critical economic indicator of pork quality. Studies on IMF among different pig breeds have been performed via high-throughput sequencing, but comparisons within the same pig breed remain unreported.Methods: This study was performed to explore the gene profile and identify candidate long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) and mRNAs associated with IMF deposition among Laiwu pigs with different IMF contents. Based on the longissimus dorsi muscle IMF content, eight pigs from the same breed and management were selected and divided into two groups: a high IMF (>12%, H) and low IMF group (<5%, L). Whole-transcriptome sequencing was performed to explore the differentially expressed (DE) genes between these two groups.Results: The IMF content varied greatly among Laiwu pig individuals (2.17% to 13.93%). Seventeen DE lncRNAs (11 upregulated and 6 downregulated) and 180 mRNAs (112 upregulated and 68 downregulated) were found. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that the following biological processes played an important role in IMF deposition: fatty acid and lipid biosynthetic processes; the extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade; and white fat cell differentiation. In addition, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-protein kinase B, and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways were enriched in the pathway analysis. Intersection analysis of the target genes of DE lncRNAs and mRNAs revealed seven candidate genes associated with IMF accumulation. Five DE lncRNAs and 20 DE mRNAs based on the pig quantitative trait locus database were identified and shown to be related to fat deposition. The expression of five DE lncRNAs and mRNAs was verified by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results of qRT-PCR and RNA-sequencing were consistent.Conclusion: These results demonstrated that the different IMF contents among pig individuals may be due to the DE lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with lipid droplets and fat deposition.
Effects of age and diet forms on growth-development patterns, serum metabolism indicators, and parameters of body fat deposition in Cherry Valley ducks
Authors: Lv Gang , Zeng Qiufeng , Ding Xuemei , Bai Shiping , Zhang Keying
Published: June 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of age and diet forms on growth-development patterns, serum metabolism indicators, and parameters of body fat deposition in Cherry Valley ducks.Methods: According to the hatching age and initial weight, a total of 150 1-day-old male SM3 Cherry Valley ducks were randomly assigned to two diet forms (pellet vs powder form). Each treatment had with 5 replicates per treatment and 15 meat ducks per replicate. The study lasted 42 d, which was divided into two periods (1 to 21 vs 22 to 42 d).Results: Our results showed that compared with powder group, ducks in pellet group had greater growth performance during different period (p<0.05). The inflection point was 24 d and was not numerically affected by diet forms. Increasing age (42 vs 21 d) significantly increased the weight of body fat and hepatic fat metabolism related enzyme activities in ducks (p<0.05), meanwhile, increasing age (42 vs 21 d) improved serum metabolism indicators and decreased mRNA expression levels of fat metabolism-related genes in liver (p<0.05). Ducks fed different diets (pellet vs powder form) increased growth performance as well as the weight of body fat and improved serum metabolism indicators (p<0.05). In addition, interactions were found between age and diet forms on the levels of serum metabolism indicators in ducks (p<0.05).Conclusion: In conclusion, powder feed reduced growth performance of ducks, and the day of inflection point was 24 days old. Ducks with higher age or fed with pellet diet showed higher fat deposition. The effect of age and feed forms on body fat deposition might result from changes in the contents of serum metabolism indicators, key enzyme activity of lipid production, and hepatic gene expressions.
Moderate dietary boron supplementation improved growth performance, crude protein digestibility and diarrhea index in weaner pigs regardless of the sanitary condition
Authors: Cho Hyun Min , Macelline Shemil Priyan , Wickramasuriya Samiru Sudharaka , Shin Taeg Kyun , Kim Eunjoo , Son Hong Cheol , Heo Jung Min
Published: June 2021

Objective: The study was conducted to investigate the impact of boron supplementation on nutrient digestibility, inflammatory responses, blood metabolites and diarrhea index, and their relevance to growth performance in weaned pigs housed in good and poor sanitary environments for 14 days after weaning.Methods: A total of 108 male pigs (Duroc×[Yorkshire×Landrace]) weaned at 21 days of age were used in a randomized complete block design with 2×3 factorial arrangement. Pigs were assigned to three boron treatments (0, 5, and 10 mg/kg) under two environments (good and poor sanitary) to give six replicates per treatment (3 pigs per replicate). On 0, 7, and 14 days, one pig per replicate was euthanized to collect, ileum tissue samples, and rectal fecal samples.Results: Boron supplementation quadratically influenced (p<0.001) feed intake and weight gain in pigs housed in good sanitary conditions from 1 to 14 days post-weaning where pigs offered 5 mg/kg boron optimized weight gain and feed intake. There is a quadratic interaction (p = 0.019) on feed intake for 1 to 14 days post-weaning where 5 mg/kg boron increased feed intake in good sanitary conditions. Pigs housed in the poor sanitary environment decreased (p<0.001) villus height and crypt depth in ileum at days 7 and 14. On day 7 and 14, crude protein digestibility was quadratically influenced (p<0.05) by boron supplementation. Boron supplementation linearly increased (p<0.05) plasma calcium and cholesterol levels whilst linearly (p = 0.005) reducing plasma triglyceride concentrations. Diarrhea index was quadratically influenced (p<0.05) by boron supplementations regardless of sanitary conditions where 5 mg/kg boron inclusion achieved the lowest diarrhea index.Conclusion: Pigs offered 5 mg/kg of boron increased weight gain which may be deduced by improved dry matter, crude protein, and energy digestibility regardless of the sanitary conditions.
Assessment of technological characteristics and microbiological quality of marinated turkey meat with the use of dairy products and lemon juice
Authors: Augustyńska-Prejsnar Anna , Hanus Paweł , Sokołowicz Zofia , Kačániová Miroslava
Published: June 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of marinating turkey meat with buttermilk and acid whey on the technological traits and microbiological quality of the product.Methods: Slices of turkey meat muscles were marinated for 12 hours in buttermilk (n = 30), acid whey (n = 30) and comparatively, in lemon juice (n = 30). The control group (n = 30) consisted of unmarinated slices of turkey breast muscles. Physical parameters (pH, water holding capacity, colour L*a*b*, shear force, weight loss) were assessed and quantitative and qualitative microbiological evaluation of raw and roasted products was performed. The microbiological parameters were determined as the total viable counts of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, of the Enterobacteriaceae family, and Pseudomonas spp. Bacterial identification was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Results: Marinating turkey meat in buttermilk and whey compared to marinating in lemon juice and the control sample resulted in a higher (p<0.05) degree of yellow color saturation (b*) and a reduction (p<0.05) in the number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae family as well as the number of identified mesophilic aerobic bacteria in both raw and roasted samples. The lowest (p<0.05) shear force values were found in products marinated in whey.Conclusion: The use of buttermilk and acid whey as a marinade for meat increases the microbiological safety of the product compared to marinating in lemon juice, while maintaining good technological features of the product.
Additivity of digestible energy and nutrient concentrations in hatchery byproducts fed to nursery pigs
Authors: Sung Jung Yeol , Ji Sang Yun , Kim Beob Gyun
Published: June 2021

Objective: The objective was to test additivity of digestible energy and nutrient concentrations in the hatchery byproduct mixture fed to nursery pigs.Methods: In the previous studies, energy, phosphorus, calcium, and amino acid digestibility of infertile eggs, unhatched eggs, culled chicks, and a mixture of 3 hatchery byproduct ingredients was determined in nursery pigs (initial body weight = 9.4 to 14.2 kg). An additivity test was conducted using these determined values.Results: No difference was observed between determined and predicted metabolizable energy values in the mixture (3,998 and 3,990 kcal/kg as-is basis, respectively). Measured standardized total tract digestible phosphorus in the mixture was less than the predicted value (4.5 vs 5.3 g/kg as-is basis, respectively; p<0.05). Measured standardized total tract digestible calcium in the mixture was greater compared with the predicted value (40.0 vs 31.7 g/kg as-is basis, respectively; p<0.05). Measured standardized ileal digestible tryptophan in the mixture was greater than the predicted value (3.7 vs 3.1 g/kg as-is basis, respectively; p<0.05) whereas other amino acid values were additive.Conclusion: Energy and most of amino acid concentrations in hatchery byproducts are additive in the mixture fed to nursery pigs.
Development and pregnancy rates of Camelus dromedarius-cloned embryos derived from in vivo- and in vitro-matured oocytes
Authors: Son Young-Bum , Jeong Yeon Ik , Jeong Yeon Woo , Olsson Per Olof , Hossein Mohammad Shamim , Cai Lian , Kim Sun , Choi Eun Ji , Sakaguchi Kenichiro , Tinson Alex , Singh Kuhad Kuldip , Rajesh Singh , Noura Al Shamsi , Hwang Woo Suk
Published: June 2021

Objective: The present study evaluated the efficiency of embryo development and pregnancy of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos using different source-matured oocytes in Camelus dromedarius.Methods: Camelus dromedarius embryos were produced by SCNT using in vivo- and in vitro- matured oocytes. In vitro embryo developmental capacity of reconstructed embryos was evaluated. To confirm the efficiency of pregnancy and live birth rates, a total of 72 blastocysts using in vitro- matured oocytes transferred into 45 surrogates and 95 blastocysts using in vivo- matured oocytes were transferred into 62 surrogates by transvaginal method.Results: The collected oocytes derived from ovum pick up showed higher maturation potential into metaphase II oocytes than oocytes from the slaughterhouse. The competence of cleavage, and blastocyst were also significantly higher in in vivo- matured oocytes than in vitro- matured oocytes. After embryo transfer, 11 pregnant and 10 live births were confirmed in in vivo- matured oocytes group, and 2 pregnant and 1 live birth were confirmed in in vitro- matured oocytes group. Furthermore, blastocysts produced by in vivo-matured oocytes resulted in significantly higher early pregnancy and live birth rates than in vitromatured oocytes.Conclusion: In this study, SCNT embryos using in vivo- and in vitro-matured camel oocytes were successfully developed, and pregnancy was established in recipient camels. We also confirmed that in vivo-matured oocytes improved the development of embryos and the pregnancy capacity using the blastocyst embryo transfer method.
Blood biochemical parameters and organ development of brown layers fed reduced dietary protein levels in two rearing systems
Authors: Viana Eduardo de Faria , Carvalho Mello Heloisa Helena de , Carvalho Fabyola Barros , Café Marcos Barcellos , Leandro Nadja Susana Mogyca , Arnhold Emmanuel , Stringhini José Henrique
Published: June 2021

Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of crude protein (CP) and two rearing systems (cage and floor), on blood parameters and digestive and reproductive organ development of brown laying hens.Methods: A total of 400 Hisex Brown laying hens between 30 and 45 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized design and a 2×4 factorial arrangement, with main effects including two rearing systems (cage and floor) and levels of CP (140, 150, 160, and 180 g/kg), in a total of eight treatments and five replicates of 10 birds each with initial body weight of 1,877 g (laying hen in cage) and 1,866 g (laying hens in floor). The parameters evaluated were plasma total protein, albumin, uric acid, total cholesterol, relative weights of oviduct, abdominal fat, liver, gizzard, crest and dewlap, length of small intestine and oviduct.Results: The blood parameters were similar in birds reared in cage and floor systems. The birds reared on the floor showed greater small intestine and oviduct weight (%) and lower liver and pancreas weight (%). A significant interaction was observed between factors for the relative gizzard, crest and dewlap weight, serum protein, uric acid, and total cholesterol (p<0.05). The diets with 140 g/kg CP resulted in lower serum protein and lower cholesterol in birds reared in floor system, while birds reared in cage system showed no effect of CP on both parameters. Birds reared in cage and fed with 140 and 150 g/kg CP presented lower uric acid. The group of birds reared in floor system fed 180 g/kg had greater uric acid.Conclusion: The dietary protein level can be reduced up to 140 g/kg for Hisex Brown hens (30 to 45 weeks of age) without an important effect on metabolic profile and organ development in both rearing systems.
Effect of social order, perch, and dust-bath allocation on behavior in laying hens
Authors: Wang Yanan , Zhang Runxiang , Wang Lisha , Li Jianhong , Su Yingying , Li Xiang , Bao Jun
Published: June 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different social ranking order (SRO) and the enrichments (perch and dust-bath) allocation (EA) on behavior of laying hens in furnished cages.Methods: Total experimental period was 4 weeks. There were 216 Hy-line brown layers beak-trimmed at 1 d of age and selected randomly at 14 weeks of age from a commercial farm, and randomly divided into 36 cages with 6 hens in each cage. High enrichments (perch and dust-bath) allocation (HEA) and low enrichments (perch and dust-bath) allocation (LEA) were provided. Video observations of behavior were obtained from the focal hens between 14 and 18 weeks of age and perching, dust-bathing and other general behaviors of the hens with different social orders were measured.Results: Perching behavior of high SRO hens (HSR) were significantly higher than that of medium SRO hens (MSR), and that of the MSR were significantly higher than that of low SRO hens (LSR) (p<0.01), except for lying on perch (p>0.05). The hens in the high EA cage (HEAC) showed more lying behavior on perch than those in the low EA cage (LEAC) (p<0.01). The different SRO and EA did not affect dust-bathing behavior except vertical wing-shaking behavior (p<0.05). The LEA did not affect general behaviors (p>0.05), except standing and preening behaviors (p<0.01 and p<0.05), of which the hens in the HEAC showed less standing (p<0.01) and more preening behavior than the hens in the LEAC.Conclusion: The SRO of laying hens has a significant effect on the perching behaviors, but SRO and EA have little effect on dust-bathing and general behaviors.
EFEITOS DO PILATES NO SISTEMA CARDIOVASCULAR E METABÓLICO DE MULHERES ATIVAS
Authors: Oliveira Karoline Barros , silva Nathalia Tau Maciel , Mariano Thaoan Bruno , Caetano Heliard Rodrigues dos Santos
Published: June 2021

Accordingtoepidemiologicaldata,mortalityrateshavebeenprogressingdue to cardiovascular diseases(CVD),onewaytoreducerisksisthepracticeofphysicalexercises,andthePilatesMethodhasbeenconsolidatingone option.TheaimofthisstudywastodemonstratethebeneficialeffectsprovidedbythepracticeofthePilatesMethodanditsinfluenceoncardiovascularandmetabolicparametersinwomenpractitioners.Amongtheresults,thepracticeofthePilatesmethodpotentiatedthecardioprotectiveeffectonthecardiovascularandmetabolicchangesofwomen,whereitshowedsignificantchanges(p<0.005)intheenergy expenditure, heart rate, respiratory rate and, systolic blood pressionofthePilates group.
Introgression shapes fruit color convergence in invasive Galápagos tomato
Authors: Gibson Matthew JS , Torres María de Lourdes , Brandvain Yaniv , Moyle Leonie C
Published: June 2021

Invasive species represent one of the foremost risks to global biodiversity. Here, we use population genomics to evaluate the history and consequences of an invasion of wild tomato—Solanum pimpinellifolium—onto the Galápagos Islands from continental South America. Using >300 archipelago and mainland collections, we infer this invasion was recent and largely the result of a single event from central Ecuador. Patterns of ancestry within the genomes of invasive plants also reveal post-colonization hybridization and introgression between S. pimpinellifolium and the closely related Galápagos endemic Solanum cheesmaniae. Of admixed invasive individuals, those that carry endemic alleles at one of two different carotenoid biosynthesis loci also have orange fruits—characteristic of the endemic species—instead of typical red S. pimpinellifolium fruits. We infer that introgression of two independent fruit color loci explains this observed trait convergence, suggesting that selection has favored repeated transitions of red to orange fruits on the Galápagos.
The Prop1-like homeobox gene unc-42 specifies the identity of synaptically connected neurons
Authors: Berghoff Emily G , Glenwinkel Lori , Bhattacharya Abhishek , Sun HaoSheng , Varol Erdem , Mohammadi Nicki , Antone Amelia , Feng Yi , Nguyen Ken , Cook Steven J , Wood Jordan F , Masoudi Neda , Cros Cyril C , Ramadan Yasmin H , Ferkey Denise M , Hall David H , Hobert Oliver
Published: June 2021

Many neuronal identity regulators are expressed in distinct populations of cells in the nervous system, but their function is often analyzed only in specific isolated cellular contexts, thereby potentially leaving overarching themes in gene function undiscovered. We show here that theCaenorhabditis elegansProp1-like homeobox geneunc-42is expressed in 15 distinct sensory, inter- and motor neuron classes throughout the entireC. elegansnervous system. Strikingly, all 15 neuron classes expressingunc-42are synaptically interconnected, prompting us to investigate whetherunc-42controls the functional properties of this circuit and perhaps also the assembly of these neurons into functional circuitry. We found thatunc-42defines the routes of communication between these interconnected neurons by controlling the expression of neurotransmitter pathway genes, neurotransmitter receptors, neuropeptides, and neuropeptide receptors. Anatomical analysis ofunc-42mutant animals reveals defects in axon pathfinding and synaptic connectivity, paralleled by expression defects of molecules involved in axon pathfinding, cell-cell recognition, and synaptic connectivity. We conclude thatunc-42establishes functional circuitry by acting as a terminal selector of functionally connected neuron types. We identify a number of additional transcription factors that are also expressed in synaptically connected neurons and propose that terminal selectors may also function as ‘circuit organizer transcription factors’ to control the assembly of functional circuitry throughout the nervous system. We hypothesize that such organizational properties of transcription factors may be reflective of not only ontogenetic, but perhaps also phylogenetic trajectories of neuronal circuit establishment.
The human cerebellum is essential for modulating perceptual sensitivity based on temporal expectations
Authors: Breska Assaf , Ivry Richard B
Published: June 2021

A functional benefit of attention is to proactively enhance perceptual sensitivity in space and time. Although attentional orienting has traditionally been associated with cortico-thalamic networks, recent evidence has shown that individuals with cerebellar degeneration (CD) show a reduced reaction time benefit from cues that enable temporal anticipation. The present study examined whether the cerebellum contributes to the proactive attentional modulation in time of perceptual sensitivity. We tested CD participants on a non-speeded, challenging perceptual discrimination task, asking if they benefit from temporal cues. Strikingly, the CD group showed no duration-specific perceptual sensitivity benefit when cued by repeated but aperiodic presentation of the target interval. In contrast, they performed similar to controls when cued by a rhythmic stream. This dissociation further specifies the functional domain of the cerebellum and establishes its role in the attentional adjustment of perceptual sensitivity in time in addition to its well-documented role in motor timing.
Impact of COVID-19-related disruptions to measles, meningococcal A, and yellow fever vaccination in 10 countries
Authors: Gaythorpe Katy AM , Abbas Kaja , Huber John , Karachaliou Andromachi , Thakkar Niket , Woodruff Kim , Li Xiang , Echeverria-Londono Susy ,   VIMC Working Group on COVID-19 Impact on Vaccine Preventable Disease, Arsene Bita Fouda Andre , Cutts Felicity , Dansereau Emily , Durupt Antoine , Griffiths Ulla , Horton Jennifer , Krause L Kendall , Kretsinger Katrina , Mengistu Tewodaj , Mirza Imran , Procter Simon R , Shendale Stephanie , Ferrari Matthew , Jackson Michael L , McCarthy Kevin , Perkins T Alex , Trotter Caroline , Jit Mark
Published: June 2021

Background:

Childhood immunisation services have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. WHO recommends considering outbreak risk using epidemiological criteria when deciding whether to conduct preventive vaccination campaigns during the pandemic.

Methods:

We used two to three models per infection to estimate the health impact of 50% reduced routine vaccination coverage in 2020 and delay of campaign vaccination from 2020 to 2021 for measles vaccination in Bangladesh, Chad, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, and South Sudan, for meningococcal A vaccination in Burkina Faso, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria, and for yellow fever vaccination in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, and Nigeria. Our counterfactual comparative scenario was sustaining immunisation services at coverage projections made prior to COVID-19 (i.e. without any disruption).

Results:

Reduced routine vaccination coverage in 2020 without catch-up vaccination may lead to an increase in measles and yellow fever disease burden in the modelled countries. Delaying planned campaigns in Ethiopia and Nigeria by a year may significantly increase the risk of measles outbreaks (both countries did complete their supplementary immunisation activities (SIAs) planned for 2020). For yellow fever vaccination, delay in campaigns leads to a potential disease burden rise of >1 death per 100,000 people per year until the campaigns are implemented. For meningococcal A vaccination, short-term disruptions in 2020 are unlikely to have a significant impact due to the persistence of direct and indirect benefits from past introductory campaigns of the 1- to 29-year-old population, bolstered by inclusion of the vaccine into the routine immunisation schedule accompanied by further catch-up campaigns.

Conclusions:

The impact of COVID-19-related disruption to vaccination programs varies between infections and countries. Planning and implementation of campaigns should consider country and infection-specific epidemiological factors and local immunity gaps worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic when prioritising vaccines and strategies for catch-up vaccination.

Funding:

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance.
Different translation dynamics of β- and γ-actin regulates cell migration
Authors: Vedula Pavan , Kurosaka Satoshi , MacTaggart Brittany , Ni Qin , Papoian Garegin , Jiang Yi , Dong Dawei W , Kashina Anna
Published: June 2021

β- and γ-cytoplasmic actins are ubiquitously expressed in every cell type and are nearly identical at the amino acid level but play vastly different roles in vivo. Their essential roles in embryogenesis and mesenchymal cell migration critically depend on the nucleotide sequences of their genes, rather than their amino acid sequences; however, it is unclear which gene elements underlie this effect. Here we address the specific role of the coding sequence in β- and γ-cytoplasmic actins’ intracellular functions, using stable polyclonal populations of immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts with exogenously expressed actin isoforms and their ‘codon-switched’ variants. When targeted to the cell periphery using β-actin 3′UTR; β-actin and γ-actin have differential effects on cell migration. These effects directly depend on the coding sequence. Single-molecule measurements of actin isoform translation, combined with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, demonstrate a pronounced difference in β- and γ-actins’ translation elongation rates in cells, leading to changes in their dynamics at focal adhesions, impairments in actin bundle formation, and reduced cell anchoring to the substrate during migration. Our results demonstrate that coding sequence-mediated differences in actin translation play a key role in cell migration.
How to create and develop writing centres
Authors: Galtung Ingrid , Kavli Solveig , Schoder Dina Møll , Tønnesen Marianne
Published: June 2021

This roundtable addresses how two Norwegian writing centres –in different stages of establishment and settled within different constitutional frames –handle staff policy and aim to facilitate academic writing to their target group and main users, namely the students.We will structure the discussion around four main themes that we juggle in our daily work:

1.Using strategic plans to promote academic writing development and student throughput

2.Co-creating learning activities with and for MA students

3.Keeping up with the Library and Faculty

4.Strengthening and further developing academic writing in HE

Attendees at the roundtable will be invited to discuss and participate in a dialogue on the way in which writing centres can improve the students’ writing process; why we find teaching and preaching academic writing to be an important skill, and how we can co-create learning activities in libraries and writing centres with academic staff and students. We will also touch on the issue of legitimacy, and how writing centre activities can be moved from the periphery to the centre of the institution and its pedagogical mission. The audience will leave with ideas and inspirations on how to facilitate and build good writing centres in collaboration between staff, librarians and experienced students.
Facilitating writing seminars
Authors: Høgetveit Åsne Ø.
Published: June 2021

How can the University Library better accommodate for students and faculty who need practical help with getting their writing done and develop their work habits? For many involved in academia, students and staff alike, the crucial task of writing is also one of the most challenging. People struggle to get past the first sentence, because it is not quite perfect yet; it is difficult to find the time; they do not feel inspired to write right now, etc. A possible help for some is to participate in writing seminars. Such seminars can take on various forms, depending on the needs of the participants and the circumstances around them. Writing seminars provide a supporting framework by making writing a more collective act. Participants find that they are both held accountable and inspired by their peers in the seminar. Considering how simple and easy it can be to set up and arrange such seminars it is no wonder university libraries, writing centres etc. do this. But can we go beyond simply setting a time, booking a room, and posting a note about it? Based on my experience as a writing seminar participant and now University Library staff and seminar organiser I want to develop the way we facilitate writing seminars. Organising our own seminars limit the participants to a set time and location of our choosing, and have limited outreach. In addition, hosting a two hours seminar, say, weekly, may not be the best use of staff working hours. Instead, I would like to develop a writing seminar service where the library helps people who want to set up their own writing groups. This way we can reach more people and help establish customised writing seminars.
Transferable skills?
Authors: Faber Hege Charlotte Lysholm , Grote Michael , Seland Eli Heldaas
Published: June 2021

Courses in “generic” or “transferable” skills have during the last decade become an established part of the PhD-education in Norway, and they are today an important part of the academic libraries’ research support. At the same time academic writing centers and other writing support initiatives have spread widely in university libraries. “Writing” as a “transferable skill” has also advanced into the courses for PhD-candidates, accompanied by courses on search techniques, workflow issues and the publishing process. This paper will try to define actual PhD-candidate needs regarding the writing process and discuss how these can be addressed in courses in transferable skills at Norwegian university libraries. How dissertations may be structured, how research literature is reviewed or how literature searches are conducted varies strongly between different fields of research and depends a lot on subject-related factors like methodological requirements, genre conventions and research workflow. How can the libraries’ courses and internet resources meet the researchers’ demands for customized, relevant, project-related writing guidance, whilst the researchers’ projects are so totally different from each other in regard to genre, topic, method, theory and the role of writing in the research process? In the light of recent research on writing support we want to discuss current practices in courses, workshops and guidance for PhD-candidates in Norwegian university libraries and make some practical suggestions for writing education on PhD level.
Preparing students for an evidence-based health service
Authors: Johannessen Lilja Marlen , Kristensen Linn Kristine , Kalland Kari
Published: June 2021

The Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet, launched the joint course “Introduction to Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in Health Care” the fall semester 2020, to our knowledge, the first of its kind. The course is developed for all the Bachelor programmes at the Faculty which are part of RETHOS (National guidelines for the Health and Social Studies), and 350 have participated so far. This new course, which is mandatory(5 credits), teaches students about the rationale for evidence-based practice (EBP) and its Core Competencies:

1. Reflection (identify information needs)

2. Asking questions

3. Acquire (finding the evidence, literature search)

4. Appraise and Interpret (critical appraisal)

5. Apply(implementation)

6. Evaluate

The course provides a foundation for learning and applying more advanced and field-specific skills. The teaching is designed with "flipped classroom", "team-based", "case based" and “peer instruction” learning activities in class and smaller groups. Digital learning resources are made available to the students in advance, through Canvas. The lectures can beheld as both physical and digital sessions, which facilitates great flexibility regarding size of the classes. Librarians with broad experience and competence in teaching EBP to health sciences students have been part of the working group developing this course from the start, alongside Faculty staff. This includes course descriptions, learning outcomes, parts of the exam paper, with a special responsibility for developing the teaching material covering the two core competencies Ask and Acquire. The librarians also cooperate with the faculty staff at “help desk”, where the students get feedback and guidance on their exam projects. The professional contribution from the University Library constitutes a significant part of the implementation of this course.This presentation will elaborate on the faculty-library collaboration, digital and active learning methods, both major key factors for successful implementation of this course
Genome-wide analysis, identification, evolution and genomic organization of dehydration responsive element-binding (DREB) gene family in Solanum tuberosum
Authors: Mushtaq Nida , Munir Faiza , Gul Alvina , Amir Rabia , Zafar Paracha Rehan
Published: June 2021

Background

The dehydration responsive element-binding (DREB) gene family plays a crucial role as transcription regulators and enhances plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. Although the DREB gene family has been identified and characterized in many plants, knowledge about it in Solanum tuberosum (Potato) is limited.

Results

In the present study, StDREB gene family was comprehensively analyzed using bioinformatics approaches. We identified 66 StDREB genes through genome wide screening of the Potato genome based on the AP2 domain architecture and amino acid conservation analysis (Valine at position 14th). Phylogenetic analysis divided them into six distinct subgroups (A1–A6). The categorization of StDREB genes into six subgroups was further supported by gene structure and conserved motif analysis. Potato DREB genes were found to be distributed unevenly across 12 chromosomes. Gene duplication proved that StDREB genes experienced tandem and segmental duplication events which led to the expansion of the gene family. The Ka/Ks ratios of the orthologous pairs also demonstrated the StDREB genes were under strong purification selection in the course of evolution. Interspecies synteny analysis revealed 45 and 36 StDREB genes were orthologous to Arabidopsis and Solanum lycopersicum, respectively. Moreover, subcellular localization indicated that StDREB genes were predominantly located within the nucleus and the StDREB family’s major function was DNA binding according to gene ontology (GO) annotation.

Conclusions

This study provides a comprehensive and systematic understanding of precise molecular mechanism and functional characterization of StDREB genes in abiotic stress responses and will lead to improvement in Solanum tuberosum.