bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct and indirect predictors of medication adherence by adults with bipolar disorder
Authors: Cohen B. , O’Rourke N.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Medication adherence by persons with bipolar disorder (BD) is inconsistent. This is disconcerting, as BD is treatment responsive, side-effects are few, and the impact of both hypo/manic and depressive mood episodes can be considerable (e.g., self-harm).

Objectives

For this study, we computed a path model to identify both direct and indirect predictors of medication adherence. This included both clinical and psychosocial independent variables (e.g., BD symptoms, psychological well-being, alcohol misuse).

Methods

From the BADAS (Bipolar Affective Disorder and older Adults) Study, we identified a global sample of adults with the BD. Participants were recruited using microtargeted, Facebook advertising. This sample included persons living in Canada, U.S., U.K., Ireland, Australia and New Zealand (M = 55.35 years, SD = 9.65).

Results

Direct predictors included perceived cognitive failures and alcohol misuse. Of note, medication adherence is inversely associated with number of prescribed antipsychotic medications. Neither symptoms of depression nor hypo/mania emerged as direct predictors of medication adherence. Similarly, psychological
well-being appears indirectly associated with adherence (via BD symptoms).

Conclusions

Despite the wide age range of participants (22 – 73 years), age did not emerge as a predictor of adherence. Nor do cognitive failures appear significantly associated with age suggesting that both young and older adults with BD perceived cognitive loss.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Long-acting new generation antipsychotics in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorders
Authors: Yavuz E. , Altınbaş K.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Maintaining remission, preventing from future episodes, better treatment adherence and improving the quality of life are main aims of long-term treatment in bipolar disorders (BD). In recent years, new generation long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics have been frequently used in maintenance treatment for bipolar disorders.

Objectives

We aimed to review socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of bipolar patients taking LAI treatment for maintenance treatment.

Methods

Clinical records of 44 bipolar patients who are on LAI treatment and followed in Mazhar Osman Mood Clinic (MOMC) of Selcuk University Medical Faculty were evaluated.

Results

Nearly half of the patients were male (n:24, 54%). 43,2% of the patients were married. The mean age was 36.6±11.9 years and the mean duration of education was 11.5±3.9 years. All of the patients were diagnosed with bipolar 1 disorder. Most of the patients (65.9%) was on aripiprazole LAI while remaining was receiving paliperidone LAI for maintenance treatment. Ten of the patients discontinued the treatment due to the side effects and extrapyramidal side effects was the most common side effect. Relapse was observed in 25% of the patients and there was no difference between aripiprazole and paliperidone in terms of relapse rate.

Conclusions

LAI new generation antipsychotics are taking place in long-term treatment of bipolar disorder via improving treatment adherence. Side effect profile of aripiprazole and paliperidone are different. However, we could not find any difference between two drugs in terms of side effects and relapse rates. Small sample size and shorter duration of follow-up should be considered as limitations.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Clinical features of depression in women and men with bipolar affective disorder
Authors: Stolyarova A. , Tyuvina N. , Balabanova V.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Knowledge of the main markers of bipolarity, clinical features and the course of depression within BPAD in men and women will contribute to the correct diagnosis, prog- nostic assessment of the disease course and administration of an adequate therapy.

Objectives

The aim of the investigation was to study the clinical features of depression in men and women with BPAD in order to identify markers of bipolarity, facilitate a diagnostic search and determine therapeutic tactics.

Methods

The study was conducted from 2018 to 2020 in outpatient and inpatient conditions of the S. S. Korsakov Psychiatric Clinic of Sechenov University. 100 patients (50 women and 50 men) with a diagnosis of F31.3-F31.5 according to ICD-10 were examined by the clinical method.

Results

In the structure of the depressive phase in men, the following were more common: pronounced seasonality (with deterioration in autumn-winter) and daily fluctuations in the state (with improvement in the evening), anesthesia of the senses, depersonalization-derealization syndrome, decreased libido, difficulty falling asleep and increased appetite and / or body weight, comorbid depression, panic attacks and alcohol and surfactant abuse. Depression within the BPAD in women was characterized by a more frequent presence of apathy, tearfulness, self-harm, dysmorphophobic inclusions, decreased appetite.

Conclusions

The revealed features of psychopathological symptoms and correlations between some characteristics and factors, taking into account gender differences, can be used as markers of bipolarity, which will allow for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of BPAD and adequate therapy.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Developing an online positive psychology application for people with bipolar disorder; ‘How expectations of consumers and professionals turned into an intervention.’
Authors: Geerling B. , Kelders S. , Stevens A. , Kupka R. , Bohlmeijer E.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

In Bipolar Disorder (BD), people report a lower quality of life and lower levels of well-being than the general population. Additionally, patients with bipolar disorder have unmet needs which are closely linked to elements of positive psychology.

Objectives

The current study aimed to gain insight from patients with BD and care professionals about their thoughts of online Positive Psychology Interventions (PPI) to develop an app containing PPI’s for people with BD.

Methods

The study is conducted in accordance with the CeHRes roadmap principles. Data were collected by focus groups, questionnaires, rapid prototyping and online feedback from the participants. Three focus groups meetings (FGM) were held with consumers (8) and professionals (5).

Results

The FGM reveals a need for positive psychology interventions to cover some of the unmet needs that can be applied in an app in addition to the guidelines-advised treatment. Patients and professionals expect that PPIs in the current treatment in BD can meet some of the needs that are currently still unmet, specifically offering hope, increasing self-esteem, expressing feelings, acceptation and preventing social isolation. The process of contextual inquiry and value specification is helpful to guide this process.

Conclusions

The consensus on the different topics about the use of positive psychology intervention shows that both consumers and professionals underline the importance of applying PPI’s in BD. The use during subsyndrome and mild depressive episodes seem the most beneficial periods for patients with BD. A more extended study has to be conducted to confirm if these findings are more generalizable

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Interreg and WHO-CC : a Fruitful Collaboration in the Service of E-Mental Health
Authors: Sebbane D.
Published: September 2022

Within the IT4Anxiety project, the World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre (WHOCC) for research and training in mental health of Lille, is the leader of the work package “identification of needs among the different actors in the mental health field”. The complexity of our object of study - the use of new technologies for people’s mental health - requires undertaking a multi-disciplinary approach, considering both the clinical and the socio-anthropological aspects. A mixed-methods research conducted with pepole people experiencing anxiety, carers and professionnals, aims to describe the use, acceptability and needs of the different categories of actors concerned by the use of new technologies. The quantitative part is a cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study. A anonymous self-administered questionnaire is distributed online and in hard copy in the 5 partner countries (Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands and the UK) to the three study populations. It consists of access to digital tools or technological solutions, experience related to these and the contribution and perceived effect of users to e-mental health related projects. The qualitative approach includes a detailed understanding of the potential therapeutic and socio-anthropological changes that these tools can bring. It explores : description of used technologies, the representations and emerging needs in relation to the management of anxiety and the improvement of mental health ; the clinical impact perceived by all stakeholders and the implementation of new ways of living with the tools. This international research will enable a comparative study to be carried out on the dynamics of appropriation of these e-(mental) health devices in different countries of the North-Western European region.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Mixed features in depression: frequency and associated factors
Authors: Charaa O. , Ouali U. , Zgueb Y. , Aissa A. , Jomli R. , Nacef F.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Mixed states in mood disorders present significant clinical and prognostic challenges. Although the DSM-5 has broadened diagnostic criteria for mixed states with the development of the ‘mixed features’ specifier and its application to unipolar depressive disorders, some mixed episodes might still be overlooked.

Objectives

to evaluate the frequency and the factors associated with mixed depression according to the broader Koukopoulos criteria in a sample of patients with a major depressive episode

Methods

We included 99 consecutive patients presenting for a major depressive episode of bipolar (n=10) or unipolar major depressive (n=89) disorder at our outpatient clinic. Major depression was ascertained using SCID- IV criteria, and mixed features were determined using Koukopoulos’ diagnostic criteria

Results

Mean age of the sample was 35.5 years [14-58]. Women accounted for 63.6% of patients. Mixed features were found in 19.5% (n=19) of the sample, 80% (n=8) among patients with bipolar disorders (BD) and 12.3% (n=11) among those with major depressive disorder (MDD). Individuals with mixed features had more substance abuse (p=0.005) and more suicide attempts (p=0.01). Individuals receiving antipsychotics had a lower risk of mixed features (p=0.000) while antidepressant treatment did not have any affect. A family history of BD, psychosis, suicide and substance abuse were found in these patients. Mixed features in depression were more frequent in patients with BD than in MDD.

Conclusions

Our study showed a high frequency of mixed features in depression, especially bipolar depression when Koukopoulos criteria are applied. Special attention should be given to these patients given the association with substance use and suicidality

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Evaluation of functioning among euthymic bipolar patients
Authors: Mhiri E. , Ben Thabet J. , Feki R. , Smaoui N. , Gassara I. , Zouari L. , Omri S. , Maalej M. , Charfi N. , Maalej M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Numerous studies have documented high rates of functional impairment among bipolar disorder patients, even during phases of euthymia.

Objectives

To study different domains of functioning impairment in bipolar patients during euthymic phase.

Methods

A cross-sectional and descriptive study of 78 patients followed for bipolar disorder, during euthymia, at the psychiatric outpatient clinic at CHU Hédi Chaker in Sfax. We used a socio-demographic and clinical data sheet and the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) to assess functionning : A functional impairment was retained for a total FAST score > 11.

Results

The average age was 36.27 years, the sex ratio was 5.5. Bipolar I disorder was diagnosed in 88.5% of patients. The mean age of onset was 27.73 years, and the mean duration of illness was 8.4 years. *The mean total score at the FAST was 22.23. *Functioning was altered on 69.2% of patients. *The occupational and the cognitive functioning were the two most altered domains in our population (respective mean scores : 8.69 and 5.74). *Autonomy was altered on 17.9% of patients. *Occupationnal functioning was altered on 76.9% of patients. *Cognitive functioning was altered on 70.5% of patients. *Financial issues were observed on 34.6% of patients. *Interpersonal relationships were altered on 41% of patients. *Leisure time difficulties were present with 24.4% of patients.

Conclusions

This work has focused on the very high frequency of functional handicap in euthymic bipolar patients. Thus, several measures must be put in place to prevent or mitigate the negative effects of the impaired functioning on these patients.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Are there clinical and sociodemographic differences between bipolar i and ii disorders?
Authors: Piazza F. , Rodríguez Rey A. , Montejo L. , Solé B. , Martínez-Arán A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Bipolar disorder is a serious mental disorder. Although bipolar disorder I (BDI) might seem to have a more complex evolution and severe prognosis than bipolar disorder II (BDII) because of cross-sectional symptom severity, BDII has a high episode frequency, high rates of psychiatric comorbidities and recurrent suicidal behaviours that impair functioning and quality of life.

Objectives

To explore whether there are differences between patients with BDI and BDII concerning sociodemographic and clinical variables of interest.

Methods

A sample of 407 euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (307 BDI and 100 BDII) being age 18 or older was recruited from the Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit of the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected through the administration of semi-structured interview and clinical scales. Differences between groups in these variables were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests, as appropriate. The level of significance was set at p <0.05.

Results

We found statistically significant differences between both groups. Patients with BD II were older (p<0.001), presented a longer illness duration (p=0,001) and a greater subsyndromal depressive symptomatology (p=0,010). Patients with BDI had a higher number of previous hospitalizations (p<0,001) and higher rates of psychotic symptoms (p<0,001) even during the first episode (p<0,001).

Conclusions

Our data suggests that clinical differences exist between both bipolar subtypes. The episodes may be more serious, with a greater presence of a history of psychosis, and require more hospitalizations in BDI patients. In the BDII group, persistent subsyndromal symptoms may predominate, especially of the depressive pole.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Internet-delivered psychological treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders in youth: Study protocol for exploration of cognitive biases
Authors: Nielsen E. , Kallesøe K. , Bjerre-Nielsen E. , Gehrt T. , Bonnert M. , Frostholm L. , Rask C.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) are common in children and adolescents (CA), cause functional disability and high health care use. Internet based cognitive behavioral therapy (i-CBT) have shown promising effect in Sweden. The treatment is exposure based and target avoidance behavior. Cognitive biases regarding bodily symptoms are suggested to be part of development and maintenance of functional disorders in adults, and could therefore be an important treatment target. Little is known about cognitive biases in CA with FGID, and hence the potential importance, it is crucial to explore more in depth. This study is embedded in The Danish FGID Treatment Study which aims to test Swedish i-CBT treatment in a Danish context.

Objectives

1) Examine cognitive biases in CA with FGID, compared with healthy controls. 2) Asses these biases before and after treatment for FGID to investigate changes and impact on treatment effect.

Methods

We developed a novel experimental approach to examine possible cognitive biases in CA. It consists of a picture task and a FGID-specific version of the Health Norms Sorting Task. We will examine 60 CA with FGID, who are included in The Danish FGID Treatment Study before and after treatment. In addition we will perform the test on 100 healthy controls.

Results

The results are expected to improve our understanding of maintaining cognitive factors in CA with FGID, and how these may affect outcome and change during treatment, and how they differ from the general population.

Conclusions

This study can provide new targets for treatment approaches.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Headspace, a youth integrated care model: The relation between users satisfaction, clinical and demographic characteristics and service utilization
Authors: Hoter Ishay G. , Roe D.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Youth integrated care services were developed to overcome common barriers to mental health treatment. Satisfaction is key for services utilization and engagement.

Objectives

To study users satisfaction with youth integrated care service, “Headspace”, throughout the course of treatment and its correlation with clinical and demographic characteristics and service utilization.

Methods

A sample of 112 participants ranging between ages 12-25 who attended the Headspace clinic between March 2016 and June 2018 were assessed in the middle (after 7 sessions) and end of treatment (n=71).

Results

Participants expressed high levels of satisfaction across all service aspects at the middle and end of treatment. The highest rate of satisfaction was with the centre’s staff and the lowest with personal outcomes. A repeated measures ANOVA analysis revealed that only satisfaction with personal outcomes improved significantly over time Length of wait to begin treatment and parental engagement y were negatively correlated with youth satisfaction.

Conclusions

Satisfaction rates of Headspace among youth are high from the start and with their outcomes increase over time. Youth satisfaction with the staff’s attitude and approach and satisfaction with accessibility suggest the service achievement in addressing barriers of help seeking in youth.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Self-reported Depressive Symptoms of school-age siblings of individuals with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Findings from a Greek sample
Authors: Koukouriki E.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Previous studies have shown elevated levels of depressive symptoms in parents of children with ASD. However, few studies have assessed depressive symptoms in neurotypical ASD-siblings and most have done so, within a broad age range, while studies focusing on a certain developmental stage (middle childhood in particular) using a self-report depression-specific assessment tool are sparse.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the depressive symptoms of Greek school-age neurotypical siblings of individuals with an Autism Spectrum Disorder through a self-reported questionnaire.

Methods

The sample included 85 school-age neurotypical ASD-siblings (8-13 years old). The Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) and a demographics questionnaire were administered to all participants.

Results

Results showed that a considerable percentage of the sample (15.3%) scored twice as high as the mean score. ASD-siblings in the present study scored higher (mean total score in CDI was 7.24±6.27) than children of similar age and nationality. Further, 5.9% of the siblings in the present study exhibited severe depressive symptoms (using 19 as a threshold) whereas 12.9% of ASD-siblings scored above 15 and therefore should be further evaluated by mental health services.

Conclusions

The results of the present study documents a relatively high prevalence of depressive symptoms in neurotypical siblings of individuals with ASD. ASD-siblings showed higher levels of depressive symptoms compared to normative data. This is the first study addressing depressive symptoms in siblings of autistic children conducted in the Greek cultural context. The present study highlights the need for the development and implementation of appropriate and effective interventions within the Greek healthcare system for ASD-siblings.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The system of institutional care for children with developmental disabilities in Russia: problems and current results of reforming
Authors: Rusakovskaya O. , Volodenkova E.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

As part of the full-sized personal examination of persons, living in residential facilities for mentally disabled people (Kekelidze, 2020) 621 children, living in 3 asylums “for children with mental retardation” of Krasnoyarsk region were examined. In 134 cases diagnosis “Moderate or severe mental retardation” wasn’t confirmed. In 2020 a full examination of 47 children with non-confirmed diagnoses was carried out in one of the asylums.

Objectives

The main purpose of this investigation is to present the results of this full examination and sum up the main problems of the system of institutional care for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Russia.

Methods

Clinical and psychological examination, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-II), analysis of pedagogical characteristics.

Results

Figure 1 presents the results of cluster analysis of WISC-II. In 37 cases diagnoses were reversed to Mild intellectual disability. In one case – 10 y.o. boy - to developmental delay through social-pedagogic neglect.

In the beginning of 2021 32 children were transferred to boarding schools with educational programme for children with mild intellectual disabilities. 13 children adapted to new developmental and educational conditions relatively successfully, 4 children – unsuccessfully and were returned to the first institute.

Conclusions

The success of adaptation did not depend on IQ, but on the age of the child and the severity of emotional and behavioral disorders, as well as on the willingness of the institution to provide personalized assistance to the child. The results identify the main problems of the system of institutional care for children with developmental disabilities in Russia.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Videoconference Anxiety: Conceptualization, Scale Development and Preliminary Validation
Authors: Gözpınar N. , Görmez V.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

With measures of COVID-19, activities that cover a large part of life have started to be carried out via videoconferencing. Videoconferencing can be disadvantageous for individuals with social anxiety due to increased social presence, decreased mutual understanding and consequently causing awkward communication.

Objectives

This study aims to develop a scale to explore the difficulties experienced by individuals with social anxiety during videoconferencing.

Methods

598 children and adolescents between the ages of 11-18 participated in the study. The data were collected with Sociodemographic Information Form, Videoconference Anxiety Scale and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale.

Results

According to correlation analysis, all correlations between Videoconference Anxiety Scale and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale total score and subscale scores are above 0.50. According to EFA, the scale consisted of 25 items and a single factor. Factor loads were between 0.62 and 0.81, the single factor explained 52.95% of the variance. Model fit indices after CFA were as follows: X2/df:3.360, GFI:.850, IFI:.900, TLI:.890, CFI:.900, RMSEA:.078, SRMR:.0475. Convergent and discriminative validity of the scale was tested. Standardized factor loads of all items were higher than 0.50. AVE value was 0.47, while CR value was 0.96. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 25-item VAS is 0.96.

Conclusions

This study showed that Videoconference Anxiety is a phenomen which is higly correlated with social anxiety and Videoconference Anxiety Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for Turkish children and adolescents.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Emotional Dysregulation and Altered Reward Processing in Self-Harm
Authors: Yavuz E. , Di Simplicio M. , Rodrigues R.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Self-Harm (SH) is any act of self-injury carried out by somebody irrespective of motivation. SH most commonly functions to relieve negative affect (NA). Tentative evidence suggests reward processing is altered in SH. NA may trigger reward hypersensitivity and therefore SH. Whether NA influences reward processing in SH remains unclear.

Objectives

To investigate whether self-harmers differ in motivation to obtain SH stimuli than healthy controls (HCs) following NA induction.

Hypothesis

After NA induction, SH participants will have a significantly shorter reaction latency (RL) and greater reaction accuracy (RA) than HCs in the SH condition of the Incentive Delay (ID) task.

Methods

16-25-year-old SH (n=35) and HC (n=20) participants were recruited online and underwent the Trier Social Stress Test, to induce NA, followed by the ID task, where participants were cued to respond to a target as quickly as possible. On responding, an image of either a SH act (SH Condition), people socializing (Social Condition) or money (Monetary Condition) appeared. Each condition included control trials showing a neutral image. RA was the percentage of trials responded to within the target’s presentation time. RL was the time (seconds) between target appearance and participants’ response.

Results

There was no significant main effect of group, condition or group x condition interaction for RL. There was a significant main effect of condition (p < 0.05) but not of group nor a group x condition interaction for RA.

Conclusions

Reward processing did not differ in the SH group compared to HCs post-NA induction. Future studies could investigate reward processing in longitudinal and larger SH samples.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Pervasive developmental disorders with a complex structure (epileptic seizures, catatonic, hallucinatory and manic symptoms, delirious episodes during life)
Authors: Makarenko H.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The significant clinical efficacy of lithium and lamotrigine in the described patients is consistent with the hypothesis that microdeletion of the SHANK3 gene may be associated with bipolar disorder.

Objectives

The described phenotypes were characterized by intellectual disability, general speech underdevelopment, muscle hypotonia, and developmental dyspraxia. Their causal relationships with epileptic encephalopathy, schizophrenia, bipolar and hyperkinetic disorders have been analyzed.

Methods

Prospective studies of two patients with Phelan McDermid syndrome (22q13.3 microdeletions of the SHANK3 gene) within 10-12 years after genome scanning allowed describing the clinical polymorphism of developmental disorders. The sensitivity of psychotic symptoms to antipsychotic and mood stabilizer therapy has also been studied.

Results

Manifest psychotic disorders in patients did not reveal an affinity for therapy with amisulpride, haloperidol, quetiapine, which demonstrated a partial therapeutic response to treatment with aripiprazole, which cast doubt on the possibility of qualifying psychotic symptoms in patients as the debut of schizophrenia. The partial therapeutic efficacy of combination therapy with aripiprazole and benzodiazepines (clonazepam/diazepam) qualified psychotic episodes in two patients with 22q13.3 syndrome as pediatric delirium. The significant clinical efficacy of lithium and lamotrigine in the described patients is consistent with the hypothesis that microdeletion of the SHANK3 gene may be associated with bipolar disorder.

Conclusions

The combination of lithium and lamotrigine may be recommended for the treatment of polymorbid mental disorders in patients with ASD and 22q13.3 syndrome. If lithium salts are poorly tolerated, a combination of lamotrigine and aripiprazole may be used to treat polymorbid mental disorders with confusion and catatonic symptoms in ASD.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Adolescent cognitive peculiarities and the sense of emerging adulthood
Authors: Markish O. , Churbanova S. , Chesnokova O.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The feeling of becoming an adult plays the role of central new mental formation reflecting the specificities of emotional experience and whole new mental state during adolescent development that is often misaligned with present day society attitude to adolescents. The study was conducted to explore the relationship linking cognitive peculiarities of senior adolescents and the sense of emerging adulthood

Objectives

This research was conceptualized to explore the way cognitive development peculiarities affect the progress in solving tasks of the transition to adulthood from the point of view of objective growing-up and subjective assessment of feeling of becoming an adult.

Methods

The study was based on Betensky’s Adolescent Window Triptych, Akimova’s Intelligence Test for Seniors, Landgarten’s Personality Collage, Sacks-Levy’s IST, Adolescent Social Self-Portrait Essay (D.B. Elkonin) and included 68 participants aged 15-17 years.

Results

Self-criticism degree in cognition of elder adolescents has an effect on the progress in solving specific tasks of the transition to adulthood (such as high degree of maturity in intellectual activity (rs=.50; р=.002) and cognitive autonomy (rs=.36; р=.032), understanding importance of personal professional development (rs=.40; p=.059) and high value of having a family (rs=.39, p=.02). Also correlation regression analysis provides support for high correlation between self-esteem of personal autonomy, intellect (in solving tasks for conceptual thinking), emotional autonomy and social/moral maturity variables.

Conclusions

It was confirmed that cognitive peculiarities of elder adolescents (such as academic intelligence, maturity in intellectual activity and cognitive autonomy) have an effect on the progress in solving specific tasks of the transition to adulthood.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Efficiency of voluntary auditory-speech memory in younger schoolchildren with different types of dysontogenesis
Authors: Zvereva M. , Zvereva N. , Balakireva E.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Assessing of voluntary auditory verbal memory, mediated or non-mediated by meaning context is an important component of impaired mental or psychic development estimation in children with different types of dysontogenesis.

Objectives

Investigation of memory in chidren with mental disorders

Methods

Participants: Children 9-12 years: ND - 25 normal development (14 boys), F70 - 31 with mild mental retardation (18 boys), F20.8 - 15 children with childhood type of schizophrenia (11 boys) and F21- 29 with schizotypal disorder (22 boys). Learning of 10 words, simple (SPA) and complex (CPA) paired associations. Assessing Parameter - auditory-speech memory efficiency in each of techniques. Mann-Whitney criterion.

Results

There were significant differences in memory efficiency of 10 words between F21 and F70 (p≤0.01) and F70 and F20.8 (p≤0.05). Simple paired associations - no differences between all groups. Complex paired associations: F21 and F70 (p≤0.05), F21 and F20.8 (p≤0.01). ND - significant differences in memory efficiency of 10 words with all groups (F21 – p ≤0.01, F20.8 – p ≤0.05, F70 – p ≤0.01). SPA: significant differences with all groups (p≤ 0.01). CPA - significant differences words with all groups (F21 – p≤ 0.05, F20.8 – p≤ 0.01, F70 – p ≤0.01).

Conclusions

Сommon features of working memory in children with diseased type of development:- improved memorization with introduction of strong semantic connections for all types of dysontogenesis. For complex connections in different groups we suppose different mechanisms of destroyed memory: F70 - low level of thinking, F20.8 - decreasing in mental activity or as a result of forming defect.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Psychotic Symptomatology in Adolescentes witch Autistic Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Mallol Castaño L. , Paricio Del Castillo R. , Del Sol Calderón P.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

INTRODUCTION: Patients with autistic spectrum disorders may exhibit symptoms that can also appear in psychotic disorders, such as isolation and difficulties in social interaction. In addition, these patients may also present psychotic symptoms throughout their lives, sometimes difficult to differentiate from the patient’s own idiosyncrasies.

Objectives

OBJECTIVES: To deepen the knowledge of the comorbidity of autism spectrum disorders, in particular psychosis, as well as the differential diagnosis in order to establish an adequate treatment plan and a multidisciplinary approach.

Methods

METHODS: A detailed description is given of two cases of adolescents diagnosed with Autistic Spectrum Disorder who have presented time-limited psychotic symptomatology in the last year. In addition, a literature search was conducted on the comorbidity of psychosis in patients with ASD.

Results

RESULTS: Both patients have required several hospital admissions to psychiatric units when they have had psychotic decompensations and psychopharmacological treatment with antipsychotics has been initiated.

Conclusions

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with autistic spectrum disorders have a wide comorbidity. Psychosis can appear in these patients, often starting in adolescence, a time when social demands increase and patients can become decompensated. They require rapid, multi-level intervention.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
problematic social media use among child and adolescent psychiatry consultants: family risk factors
Authors: Ben Othman A. , Hamza M. , Amemou B. , Ben Hamouda A. , Bourgou S. , Charfi F. , Belhadj A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

the problematic use of social media (PUSM) is considered nowadays as a behavioural addiction. Social media seem to provide an ephemeral escape especially for children suffering from dysfunctional families and abuse.

Objectives

To study in a population of children and adolescents followed in outpatient child psychiatry unit, the prevalence, and family risk factors related to PUSM.

Methods

a descriptive study was conducted among child and adolescent psychiatry consultants. Parents were asked to provide answers for the BSMAS (Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale). We used a self-administered questionnaire and the BSMAS to assess patients’ social media’s use characteristics and the APGAR Family Test to assess their satisfaction with their family functioning.

Results

The prevalence of PUSM was estimated at 9.2% in our population according to the conservative approach, rising to 48.7% according to the liberal approach. APGAR Family Test scores were negatively correlated with BSMAS scores (Pearson’s coefficient= -0.37; p=0.002). Significantly higher scores were found in cases of exposure to physical (p=0.001) or moral (p=0.037) abuse and among patients who witnessed spousal violence (p=0.041), and whose parents had a lower level of education. A positive and significant correlation was found between parents’ and adolescents’ BSMAS scores (p=0.04).

Conclusions

Psychopathological fragility triggered by poor family functioning expose to the risk of PUSM. The implementation of preventive strategies and a rigorous and global management of these adolescents are imperative to fight against this disorder.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Compensation Possibilities of Mental Disorders — Individual Case of a Child with Severe Neurological Disorder
Authors: Fedorova Y. , Burlakova N. , Mikadze Y.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Neurological diseases often lead to mental disorders in children. After the structure of disorder is identified, an important task is to examine the abilities to compensate developmental delay (Lev S. Vygotsky).

Objectives

The goal of the study was to explore potential of children with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS), which is important for psychocorrection.

Methods

Case study of a boy with idiopathic OMS (aged 3 years 5 months) who was patient at the Psychoneurological Department no. 2 of the Russian Children Clinical Hospital. The following methods were used: analysis of anamnestic data, analysis of patient’s medical record, pathopsychological assessment.

Results

Anamnestic data and medical records indicate the absence of pregnancy pathologies and normal early development. OMS was first detected when the child was aged 2 y. 7 m. Pathopsychological assessment gave the following results: 1) movement disorder (primary disorder) leads to secondary mental disorders; 2) locomotor activity disorders inhibit the child’s use of space and orientation of body in it; 3) secondary defects are detected in constructive activity, speech and drawing. Intact components of the mental processes: 1) the child demonstrates motivation for independent activity despite operational difficulties; 2) in certain activities, the general plan of actions remains intact, i.e., the goal set is actualized in movements and actions; 3) notions about objects, actions with them, planning and performance of movements are intact.

Conclusions

The research demonstrates disbalance between operational difficulties and integrity of semantic orientation, internal planning of actions. The data prove the importance of discussion on abilities of children with OMS to compensate mental disorders.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Dyskinesias in childhood, differential diagnosis and treatment. About a case
Authors: Valverde Barea M. , Mata Castro C. , Vargas Melero P. , España Osuna A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Dyskinesias are motor disorders that occur as a side effect to treatment with typical and less frequently with atypical antipsychotic drugs. They are more frequents in child population. Treatment usually consists of decrease the dose of drug or replace it with a better profile tolerability antipsychotic. Clozapine is an antipsychotic drug indicated as second-generation treatment of motor disorders that appear as side effects to treatment with neuroleptics.

Objectives

Demonstrate the efficacy and tolerability of clozapine in the treatment of dyskinesias in childhood.

Methods

The patient 12 year-old boy, has episodes of psychomotor agitation once a month. This will alternate with quiet moments in which dyskinetic movements are observed in upper limbs, without being able to detect any type triggering environmental factor. Personal history: hydrocele, diagnosed at 8 years becomes neurodevelopmental disorder considered. Neurosurgery tracking for Subarachnoid cyst. Psychopathological examination: Child presents psychomotor restlessness, disruptive behavior, impairments in communication, movement disorder, stereotypies and dyskinetic movements in shoulder and neck.

Results

In the patient suffering from an autistic disorder, stereotypies and other motor symptoms were observed, the predominant and most relevant being dyskinetic movements in the shoulder and neck, which appeared one month after starting treatment with risperidone and worsening psychomotor skills. Treatment of dyskinesia with clozapine improved the motor symptoms presented by the patient.

Conclusions

Clozapine should be the treatment of choice in the event of dyskinesias as a secondary effect to other antipsychotic treatments, proving effective in controlling them as well as well tolerated in both adults and children.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Clinical features and management of manic episodes in adolescents. A case review
Authors: Martin Gil V.E. , Chinchilla Moreno M.C.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Assessment and management of bipolar disorder, and particularly manic episodes in adolescents means a challenge. The presence of comorbid disorders, and divergent interpretations of manic symptoms in the context of the adolescent natural inmaturity, can make diagnosis and treatment hard goals to achieve. The existence of juvenile specific criteria for bipolar disorder is a debate topic. This concept emerged from an attempt to solve diagnosis issues and involves a wide range of definitions for mania.

Objectives

Literature review concerning bipolar disorder in young population: Main comorbidities, psychosocial problems, prognosis. Clinical presentation: Shared and specific features compared to adult population. Available treatment options. Issues related to safety and tolerability.

Methods

We present a case of a 16 year old woman diagnosed with bipolar II disorder, hospitalised in an inpatient adolescent unit in 2021. Review of the literature available (clinical guidelines, PubMed).

Results

Patient initially oriented as a Bipolar II disorder, after depressive episodes followed by hypomanic symptoms in the past years. The following clinical course was conditioned by personality traits. Emotional disregulation and a complex family environment made affective symptoms difficult to evaluate, leading to a diagnostic hypothesis of personality-related disorder. After a period of outpatient treatment in a day hospital, she debuted with a clinical picture of manic symptoms, mixed features and rapid mood cycling.

Conclusions

After an initial trial, stabilization was achieved with aripiprazole and asenapine. Combination therapy might be necessary in longer-term treatment, according to existing evidence. Diagnosis and treatment concerns are interfered by the limited number of trials.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Length of stay and reason for admission in an adolescents inpatient unit
Authors: Taracena Cuerda M. , Esperesate Pajares M. , Feito Garcia M. , Arranz Martin C. , Sánchez Sampedro E. , Jiménez Bidón A.M. , Puente García R. , Pastor Jordá C.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Psychiatric Inpatient units are important resources of the mental health network. These units have elevated costs, so it is important to get to know some factos that might mediate the lengh of stay in these units.

Objectives

Psychiatric Inpatient units are important resources of the mental health network. These units have elevated costs, so it is important to get to know some factos that might mediate the lengh of stay in these units.

Methods

An observational and descriptive analysis of the sample of patients between 12 and 17 years-old, that were admitted to the inpatient mental health unit since its opening on April 2021.

Results

205 patients were admitted April 2021 until October 2021. The most common reason for admission (RFA) was suicidal ideation/attempt (57.07%), eating disorders (15.1%), mood disorders (11.2%), conduct disorders/challenging behaviors (7.8%) and psychosis (7.3%). Adolescents with eating disorders had the longest length of stay, with an average of 23.8 days. They were followed by those suffering from psychosis (17.8 days) and suicidal ideation/attempts (17.1 days). Mood disorders average length of stay was 15.1 days and conduct disorders/challenging behaviors was the shortest one with a LOS of 12.5 days.

Conclusions

Adolescents with eating disorders seem to need longer lentgh of stay, what differs from Zeshan et al study that concludes that patients with schizophrenia might need longer LOS. Nevertheless, just as Zeshan et al study, we conclude that patients admitted with conduct disorders/challenging behaviors have the shortest LOS.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Emotional regulation in non-suicidal self-injury – research on the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)
Authors: Makowska I. , Rymarczyk K. , Puzio D. , Pałka-Szafraniec K. , Garnier J.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

DSM-5 defines non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) as socially unaccepted, direct, repeated and deliberate harm done to one’s own body. It is estimated that in a general population approximately 13-29% of adolescents present NSSI, and 70-80% among hospitalized youth. It seems that emotional dysregulation is the core characteristic of NSSI manifesting by self-harm behaviors, impulsiveness, lack of emotional awareness and experiencing high intensity of negative emotion. Emotional dysregulation is a pivotal characteristic of NSSI. Rationale of this theory is provided by the results of psychological and psychophysiological studies as well as those presenting brain activity. Neuroimaging data point to a variant pattern of brain activity of adolescents with NSSI during perception of emotionally negative stimuli i.e. hyperactivity in amygdala – a structure responsible for fear and automatic reaction to exciting stimuli and low activity of inferior frontal gyrus area – a structure responsible for inhibition and interpretation of social interactions. This activity pattern suggests a disorder of cortico-subcortical neuronal connections.

Objectives

The aim was to verify tDCS as a therapeutic aid for patients who exhibit NSSI despite implementation of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.

Methods

We investigated the modulation effect of tDCS treatment at the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) in hospitalized adolescents with NSSI.

Results

Preliminary tDCS stimulation results indicate potential usefulness of this method in regulating emotions and improving executive functions.

Conclusions

Prefrontal cortex stimulation may restore balance in aforementioned connections and, as a result, positively influence an emotional regulation i.e. lower the impulsiveness, agitation and, by doing so, decrease NSSI frequency.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Taxonomic classification of mental disorders
Authors: Šablevičius M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

DSM-5, ICD-10, and ICD-11 classifications can be described as „incoherent“. Psychopathology depends on “time of damage and resilience” ratio. Continuums of mental disorders compose a table, like a periodic table of chemical elements. Similar psychopathology can have different neurobiological origin, and vice versa.

Objectives

Current classifications of mental disorders ICD-10, DSM-5, as well as the new ICD-11 being developed, do not show interrelations in pathogenesis between groups of mental disorders. This is a weak point of these classifications, although they serve a good purpose in relation to medical statistics and encoding requirements.

Methods

Taxonomic classification of mental disorders proposed in this empirical study reveals interrelations between diagnostic categories of mental disorders. Classification as an object of this empirical study is initially developed on author’s observation of psychopathology in clinical practice. It also relies on scientific data of genetics and neurobiology of mental disorders.

Results

The classification is based on two axes system. First axis reflects the time of damage of neural tissue in specific stage, i.e. neuron body genesis, neuron growths genesis, synaptic pruning or further neural information modeling. The second axis is connected with resilience. The two axes system includes in one continuum and connects into one classification table (
Figure 1) almost all diagnostic groups from ICD-10 or DSM-5 (with two exclusions: “organic” type mental disorders and pathology of myelination process).

Conclusions

This empirically derived concept of classification could be used in clinical practice in differential diagnosis, discovering heterogeneities in patients with same diagnostic “code”, planning treatment strategies, predicting course of mental disorders.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.