bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Incorporation of Remineralizing Agents into Bleaching Gels on the Microhardness of Bovine Enamel in situ
Authors: Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , Borges Alessandra Bühler , Guimarães Carolina Anne , Bresciani Eduardo , Ramos Carolina Judica , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto
Published: July 2014

Aim

This study evaluated the effect of adding calcium or fluoride to 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching gel and the effect of human saliva on the microhardness of sound and demineralized enamel, using an in situ model.

Materials and methods

Cylindrical bovine enamel specimens (3 × 2 mm) were divided into two groups (n = 30): sound enamel (SE) and demineralized enamel (DE). Each group was divided into three subgroups, according to the bleaching gel: 35% HP; 35% HP + calcium; 35% HP + fluoride. After bleaching therapy, the specimens were fixed to intraoral devices worn by 10 volunteers for 7 days. Surface enamel microhardness (SMH) was measured before and after bleaching procedures, and after 1 and 7 days of saliva exposure. Data were analyzed by Repeated Measures ANOVA (5%).

Results

The variable time resulted in significant differences for SE and DE groups (p = 0.001). For SE, significantly lower SMH was detected for control at post-bleaching period in comparison to the baseline and after 7 days. For DE, the lowest mean values were obtained before bleaching, and the addition of calcium to the peroxide significantly increased enamel SMH. The exposure to human saliva resulted in increased SMH.

Conclusion

The addition of potential remineralizing agents into bleaching gels might play an important role in maintaining the microhardness of sound enamel and in inducing remineralization of artificially demineralized enamel right after bleaching, and the remineralizing action of human saliva might minimize the deleterious effects of bleaching gels on enamel.

Clinical significance

The incorporation of calcium into HP bleaching gel might be beneficial for the initial phases of the bleaching procedure.

How to cite this article

Borges AB, Guimarães CA, Bresciani E, Ramos CJ, Borges ALS, Torres CRG. Effect of Incorporation of Remineralizing Agents into Bleaching Gels on the Microhardness of Bovine Enamel in situ. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(2):195-201.
Prevalence of Impacted Teeth in a Brazilian Subpopulation
Authors: Borges Alvaro Henrique , Pedro Fábio Luis Miranda , Bandéca Matheus Coelho , Volpato Luiz Evaristo Ricci , Marques Alessandro Tadeu Corrêa , Borba Alexandre Meirelles , de Musis Carlo Ralph
Published: July 2014

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of impacted teeth in a subpopulation of Brazilian patients based on the retrospective analysis of panoramic radiographs obtained at an oral radiology clinic. Out of 1,977 panoramic radiographs, 1,352 fulfilled inclusion criteria, and 22,984 teeth were assessed. Data were statistically analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov's and Levene's tests; significance was set at 5%. The number of impacted teeth was assessed using analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test. Our results showed significant differences for tooth type and patient age when analyzed separately (p < 0.05); gender did not show significant results (p > 0.05). Correlations between age and gender showed significant differences (p < 0.05), as did the correlations between age, gender and tooth type (p < 0.05). Mandibular molars were the teeth most frequently affected (p < 0.05), followed by maxillary molars (p < 0.05). Other tooth types did not present significant differences among themselves (p > 0.05). Patients aged 22 years or younger were the most frequent ones (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between age groups 37 and 51 years and 52+ (p > 0.05). According to the methodology here employed, gender did not affect tooth impaction, whereas age (22-36 years) and tooth type (mandibular third molars) strongly influenced results.

How to cite this article

Pedro FLM, Bandéca MC, Volpato LER, Marques ATC, Borba AM, de Musis CR, Borges AH. Prevalence of Impacted Teeth in a Brazilian Subpopulation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(2):209-213.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Healthcare Ethics and Law among Dental Graduates at the RV Dental College, Bengaluru
Authors: Praveen MN , Jayachandra MG , Dhanappa Kirankumar B , Ravi Ramakrishna , Deshpande Prashanth , Biradar Sharaschandra M
Published: July 2014

Objective

To assess knowledge, attitudes and practices among the dental graduate in relation to healthcare ethics and law.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study design was employed using a self-administered questionnaire. A 15 item questionnaire about law and ethics was devised; tested and made available to all levels of gradates including teaching staff, postgraduates and intern at dental college in Bengaluru. A total of 116 graduates participated, with a response rate of 96.5% (n = 112).

Results

Seventy-six percent of the participants said that they are legally bound to treat all the patients who approach them for the treatment. Nearly 32% of the participants have mentioned the various other reasons for the rejection apart from the reason like HIV+, poor patients and patients with the contagious disease.

Conclusion

The study points to the need for appropriate training among graduates including the professional staffs and other graduates, and to devise means to sensitize them to issues of law and ethics in the workplace.

How to cite this article

Dhanappa KB, Praveen MN, Ravi R, Jayachandra MG, Deshpande P, Biradar SM. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Healthcare Ethics and Law among Dental Graduates at the RV Dental College, Bengaluru. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(2):223-228.
Partial Edentulism based on Kennedy's Classification: An Epidemiological Study
Authors: Gupta Naveen , Reddy Giridhar , Vinod V , Misuriya Abhinav , Bharathi M , Babu Kethi Reddy Mahesh
Published: July 2014

Background

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of different Kennedy's classes of partial edentulism during 18 months period.

Materials and methods

Patients were clinically examined for various Kennedy's classes of partial edentulism in the outpatient department (OPD), prosthodontics, GPRDCH, Kurnool (Andhra Pradesh)

Results

Of the total 1,420 OPD patients, Kennedy's class III was the most frequent classification encountered (62%) and followed by Kennedy's class I (18%), class II (11%), and class IV (9%) in decreasing order.

Conclusion

The patients with various Kennedy's classes of partial edentulism can be offered various treatment modalities like removable cast partial dentures, fixed partial dentures, over dentures and implant supported dentures. This study can be crucial for screening the population for incidence of tooth loss as a factor of gender and age.

Clinical significance

Tooth loss appears to have an important role in the loss of esthetics and mastication. Study of incidence of various classes of partial edentulism provides clinically useful information for dental training and continuing education.

How to cite this article

Bharathi M, Babu KRM, Reddy G, Gupta N, Misuriya A, Vinod V. Partial Edentulism based on Kennedy's Classification: An Epidemiological Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(2):229-231.
Noninvasive Treatment Choice for an Aged Down Syndrome Patient Presenting a Residual Periapical Cyst
Authors: Sperandio Felipe Fornias , de Carli Marina Lara , Guimarães Eduardo Pereira , Pereira Alessandro Antônio Costa , Hanemann João Adolfo Costa
Published: July 2014

Aim

This is the first report to illustrate the marsupialization as an effective treatment for a Down Syndrome (DS) patient presenting a residual periapical cyst.

Background

These cysts occur within the alveolar ridge, usually at the local site of a previously extracted tooth that did not received proper curettage; usually the surgical excision of a cyst and also the vigorous curettage of a socket is very simple, if not for the fact that mentally disabled patients require rapid and non-stressful procedures.

Case description

The 54-year-old DS patient represented herein received a minimally invasive marsupialization under local anesthesia. Due to the large extent of the lesion, the acrylic resin drain was maintained for 30 days. Through the following period, a daily irrigation of the cystic cavity with saline solution was carried out to prevent a secondary infection within the cystic cavity. A follow-up of 16 months showed no signs of recurrence.

Conclusion

Marsupialization of residual periapical cyst is completely effective and safe, even for a DS patient that is considered to be at an advanced age.

Clinical significance

Marsupialization poses as a minimally invasive choice for mentally disabled patients, even when presenting advanced ages; treatment success was stated by the easy clinical conduct, uneventful postoperative situation and the lack of recurrence along 16 months of follow-up.

How to cite this article

Sperandio FF, de Carli ML, Guimarães EP, Pereira AAC, Hanemann JAC. Noninvasive Treatment Choice for an Aged Down Syndrome Patient Presenting a Residual Periapical Cyst. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(2): 254-257.
Metastatic Tumors of the Oral Cavity
Authors: Sanketh DS , Amrutha N , Patil Shankargouda
Published: July 2014

The pivotal reason for morbidity and mortality of any type of cancer is due to metastasis that occurs as a result of adaptation of genetically unstable cancer cells, in an ectopic conducive environment. Oral metastasis in spite of being unusual or rare represents around 25% of the first signs of metastatic spread. Literature says there are more number of cases of jaw bone metastasis reported than in the oral soft tissues. The most common primary organs metastasizing to the jaw bones and the oral soft tissues are the breast and the lungs respectively. The issue in diagnosing a metastatic tumor arises either when the patient does not reveal the history of the primary illness he or she may be suffering from or when he or she is unaware of it. Diagnosis in such situations is a challenge to the clinician or pathologist. Diagnosing any lymph node or distant metastasis from oral cancer is very important for the prognosis of the patient. In this review we have made an attempt, to explain some recent concepts of pathophysiology of the metastatic process, the clinical manifestations of metastatic tumors to the oral region and to discuss their diagnostic workup.

How to cite this article

Rao RS, Patil S, Sanketh DS, Amrutha N. Metastatic Tumors of the Oral Cavity. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(2):263-271.
Mapping hydrological environments in central Amazonia: ground validation and surface model based on SRTM DEM data corrected for deforestation
Authors: Moulatlet G. M. , Rennó C. D. , Costa F. R. C. , Emilio T. , Schietti J.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. One of the most important freely available digital elevation models (DEMs) for Amazonia is the one obtained by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). However, since SRTM tends to represent the vegetation surface instead of the ground surface, the broad use of SRTM DEM as a framework for terrain description in Amazonia is hampered by the presence of deforested areas. We present here two datasets: (1) a deforestation-corrected SRTM DEM for the interfluve between the Purus and Madeira rivers, in central Amazonia, which passed through a careful identification of different environments and has deforestation features corrected by a new method of increasing pixel values of the DEM; and (2) a set of eighteen hydrological-topographic descriptors based on the corrected SRTM DEM. The hydrological-topographic description was generated by the Height Above the Nearest Drainage (HAND) algorithm, which normalizes the terrain elevation (a.s.l.) by the elevation of the nearest hydrologically connected drainage. The validation of the HAND dataset was done by in situ hydrological description of 110 km of walking trails also available in this dataset. The new SRTM DEM expands the applicability of SRTM data for landscape modelling; and the datasets of hydrological features based on topographic modelling is undoubtedly appropriate for ecological modelling and an important contribution for environmental mapping of Amazonia. The deforestation-corrected SRTM DEM is available at http://ppbio.inpa.gov.br/knb/metacat/naman.318.3/ppbio; the polygons selected for deforestation correction are available at http://ppbio.inpa.gov.br/knb/metacat/naman.317.3/ppbio; the set of hydrological-topographic descriptors is available at http://ppbio.inpa.gov.br/knb/metacat/naman.544.2/ppbio; and the environmental description of access trails is available at http://ppbio.inpa.gov.br/knb/metacat/naman.541.2/ppbio.
Climate change and sectors of the surface water cycle in CMIP5 projections
Authors: Dirmeyer P. A. , Fang G. , Wang Z. , Yadav P. , Milton A. D.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Results from ten global climate change models are synthesized to investigate changes in extremes, defined as wettest and driest deciles in precipitation, soil moisture and runoff based on each model's historical twentieth century simulated climatology. Under a moderate warming scenario, regional increases in drought frequency are found with little increase in floods. For more severe warming, both drought and flood become much more prevalent, with nearly the entire globe significantly affected. Soil moisture changes tend toward drying while runoff trends toward flood. To determine how different sectors of society dependent the on various components of the surface water cycle may be affected, changes in monthly means and interannual variability are compared to data sets of crop distribution and river basin boundaries. For precipitation, changes in interannual variability can be important even when there is little change in the long-term mean. Over 20% of the globe is projected to experience a combination of reduced precipitation and increased variability under severe warming. There are large differences in the vulnerability of different types of crops, depending on their spatial distributions. Increases in soil moisture variability are again found to be a threat even where soil moisture is not projected to decrease. The combination of increased variability and greater annual discharge over many basins portends increased risk of river flooding, although a number of basins are projected to suffer surface water shortages.
Development of an efficient coupled model for soil–atmosphere modelling (FHAVeT): model evaluation and comparison
Authors: Tinet A.-J. , Chanzy A. , Braud I. , Crevoisier D. , Lafolie F.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. In agricultural management, a good timing in operations such as irrigation or sowing, is essential to enhance both economical and environmental performance. To improve such timing, predictive software are of particular interest. An optimal decision making software would require process modules which provides robust, efficient and accurate predictions while being based on a minimal amount of parameters easily available. This paper develops a coupled soil–atmosphere model based on Ross fast solution for Richards' equation, heat transfer and detailed surface energy balance. In this paper, the developed model, FHAVeT (Fast Hydro Atmosphere Vegetation Temperature), has been evaluated in bare soil conditions against the coupled model based of the De Vries description, TEC. The two models were compared for different climatic and soil conditions. Moreover, the model allows the use of various pedotransfer functions. The FHAVeT model showed better performance in regards to mass balance. In order to allow a more precise comparison, 6 time windows were selected. The study demonstrated that the FHAVeT behaviour is quite similar to the TEC behaviour except under some dry conditions. An evaluation of day detection in regards to moisture thresholds is performed.
Finite lattice distortion patterns in plastically deformed zircon grains
Authors: Kovaleva E. , Klötzli U. , Habler G. , Libowitzky E.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. This study examines finite deformation patterns of zircon grains from high-temperature natural shear zones. Various zircon-bearing rocks were collected in the Western Tauern Window, Eastern Alps, where they were deformed under amphibolite facies conditions, and in the Ivrea-Verbano Zone (IVZ), Southern Alps, where deformation is related with granulite-facies metamorphism. Among the sampled rocks are: granitic orthogneisses, meta-lamprophyres and paragneisses, all of which are highly deformed. The investigated zircon grains ranging from 10 to 50 microns were studied in situ using a combination of scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques, including secondary electron (SE), backscattered electron (BSE), forward scattered electron (FSE), cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging, and crystallographic orientation mapping by electron backscatter diffraction analysis (EBSD), as well as micro-Raman spectroscopy. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) was applied to host phases. Microstructural analysis of crystal-plastically deformed zircon grains was based on high-resolution EBSD maps. Three general types of finite lattice distortion patterns were detected: Type (I) is defined by gradual bending of the zircon lattice with orientation changes of about 0.6° to 1.4° per μm without subgrain boundary formation. Type (II) represents local gradual bending of the crystal lattice coupled with the formation of subgrain boundaries that have concentric semicircular shapes in 2-D sections. Cumulative grain-internal orientation variations range from 7° to 40° within single grains. Type (III) is characterized by formation of subgrains separated by a well-defined subgrain boundary network, where subgrain boundaries show a characteristic angular closed contour in 2-D sections. The cumulative orientation variation within a single grain ranges from 3° to 10°. Types (I) and (II) predominate in granulite facies rocks, whereas type (III) is restricted to the amphibolite facies rocks. Investigated microstructures demonstrate that misorientation axes are usually parallel to the ⟨ 001 ⟩ and ⟨ 100 ⟩ crystallographic directions; dominant slip systems operating along tilt boundaries are ⟨ 010 ⟩{001}, ⟨ 010 ⟩{100} and ⟨ 001 ⟩{010}. In case of twist boundaries the slip systems ⟨ 010 ⟩{001} and ⟨ 100 ⟩ {001} are active, whereas in some grains cross-slip takes place. This study demonstrates that activation of energetically preferable slip systems is mostly controlled by the degree of coupling with the host phase and by the viscosity ratio between inclusion and host, and defined by crystallographic and elastic anisotropy of the zircon lattice.
The diverse crustal structure and magmatic evolution of the Manihiki Plateau, central Pacific
Authors: Hochmuth K. , Gohl K. , Uenzelmann-Neben G. , Werner R.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. The Manihiki Plateau is a Large Igneous Province (LIP) in the central Pacific. It was emplaced as part of the "Super-LIP" Ontong Java Nui and experienced fragmentation into three sub-plateaus, possibly during the break-up of Ontong Java Nui. The Manihiki Plateau is presumably the centerpiece of this "Super-LIP" and its investigation can therefore decipher the break-up mechanisms as well as the evolution of the plateau after its initial emplacement. By analyzing two seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection profiles crossing the two largest sub-plateaus of the Manihiki Plateau, the High Plateau and the Western Plateaus, we give new insights into their crustal structure and magmatic evolution. The High Plateau shows a crustal structure of 20 km thickness and a seismic P wave velocity distribution, which is comparable to other LIPs. The High Plateau experienced a strong secondary volcanism, which can be seen in relicts of seamount chain volcanism. The Western Plateaus on the other hand show no extensive secondary volcanism and are mainly structured by fault systems and sedimentary basins. A constant decrease in Moho depth (9–17 km) is a further indicator of crustal stretching on the Western Plateaus. Those findings lead to the conclusion, that the two sub-plateaus of the Manihiki Plateau experienced a different magmatic and tectonic history. Whereas the High Plateau experienced a secondary volcanism, the Western Plateaus underwent crustal stretching during and after the break-up of Ontong Java Nui. This indicates, that the sub-plateaus of the Manihiki Plateau play an individual part in the break-up history of Ontong Java Nui.
Detection of Lupine (Lupinus spp. L.) as a food allergen using three methods: end-point PCR, Real-Time PCR and Elisa
Authors: Revák Ondrej , Golian Jozef , Židek Radoslav , Čapla Jozef , Zajác Peter
Published: July 2014

The aim of this work was to compare three methods for the detection and quantification of lupine as an allergen in food. The methods that were used in this work were the direct method: ELISA and the indirect methods: end-point PCR and real-time PCR. We examined the detection limit (the sensitivity with which we can detect the presence of the allergen in a sample) and the reliability for performing an analysis. We used 17 samples of plant species from a processing plant for dehydrated soups production and lupine samples from lupine processing companies. Its practical use is wide and it is used mainly in the bakery industry, in the manufacture of confectionery, pasta, sauces, as a substitute for soy and also in the production of gluten-free food, because it does not contain gluten. Lupine, however, is also included in the list of 14 allergenic substances, which in accordance with the EU legislation must be listed on food labels. The high risk group, which suffers from primary sensitization or cross-reaction with peanuts, are allergic patients. In the EU, people who are allergic to peanuts range from 0.7 to 1.5%. In experiment 1, we detected the presence of lupine using primers for the detection of α- and δ-conglutine in the samples, using the end-point PCR method and the detection limit of this reaction was at the level of 100 ppm. For the vizualization of the DNA fragments, we used a 2% agarose gel and UV visualizer. In experiment 2 we detected lupine using the TaqMan real-time PCR reaction and primers for the detection of α and δ-conglutine at the level of 10 ppm of lupine in sample. The CP values of lupine using primers for the detection of α-conglutine was 24.85 ± 0.12 and the reliability equation was R2 = 0.9767. The CP lupine values using primers for the detection of δ-conglutine was 22.52 ± 0.17 and the reliability equation was R2 = 0.9925. In experiment 3, we used a sandwich ELISA method for the detection of lupine and the detection limit was within the range of 2-30 ppm and the reliability of the method according to the reliability equation was R2 = 0.9975. The high sensitivity and equation of reliability justify the use of these methods for the detection and quantification of lupine in practice. The most sensitive indirect method for the detection of lupine in our study was the method of real-time TaqMan PCR with a detection limit  10 000-10 ppm of lupine. The most sensitive direct methot was ELISA with detection limit 2-30 ppm of lupine.
Validation of Two Scales Used to Measure Transpersonal Human Caring, Based on Jean Watson's Theory
Authors: Poblete-Troncoso Margarita del Carmen , Valenzuela-Suazo Sandra Verónica , Merino José Manuel ,   Universidad Católica del Maule
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: validar Caring Efficacy Scale y Nyberg´s Caring Assessment, elementos basados en la Teoría Transpersonal del CuidadoHumano que se fundamenta en los aspectos humanos y éticos del cuidado. Método: los instrumentos fueron validados en una muestrade 360 enfermeras chilenas. Los coeficientes de alfa de Cronbach fueron de 0,76 para Caring Efficacy Scale, y de 0,82 para el Nyberg´s Caring Assessment. En cuanto a la validez de constructo ambos instrumentos se correlacionan positiva y significativamente. Resultados: se pondera divergencia como estrategia de esta validez en ambos instrumentos y se utiliza una subescala que evalúa la falta de empatíacon el sufrimiento del otro. Conclusión: la validación de estas escalas es un aporte al cuidado humano transpersonal, para conocer elsignificado que las enfermeras le otorgan, y cuán eficaces se sienten, así cómo remediar aspectos deficitarios en la enseñanza y prácticadel cuidado.
Health and Obesity: The Opinions of Nurses
Authors: Luce Kruse Maria Henriqueta , Da Silveira Schenini Franciele , Guimarães Ribeiro Rúbia , Griebeler Oliveira Stefanie , Fantin Cervelin Aline ,   Escola de Enfermagem da UFRGS
Published: July 2014

Este estudio buscó conocer los discursos de las enfermeras sobre la obesidad publicados en las revistas brasileras de enfermería. Para ello, nos aproximamos al campo de los Estudios Culturales, en la línea pos-estructuralista, inspirada en Michel Foucault. El corpus de la investigación se basó en artículos encontrados en las bases de datos Periódicos de Enfermería de la Biblioteca Wanda de Aguiar Horta (PeriEnf) y Base de datos en Enfermería (BDENF). En los análisis utilizamos las herramientas de conocimiento, discurso y poder propuestos por Michel Foucault. El análisis de los artículos permitió la construcción de dos categorías: un cuerpo delgado y saludable: un juego de poder y saber, y un cuerpo deseable y sano: atravesando una red de discursos. Inicialmente, la obesidad es entendida como una condición que debe ser combatida poniendo el énfasis en la pérdida de peso de manera saludable. Con el correr de los años, pasó a ser considerada como un problema de la modernidad, trayendo consigo un modelo de belleza que privilegia el cuerpo delgado.
Discussion on the Burnout Syndrome: Its Causes and Implications for the Health of Nursing Personnel
Authors: Lima da Silva Jorge Luiz , Campos Dias André , Reis Teixeira Liliane ,   Universidade Federal Fluminense
Published: July 2014

Objetivos: describir las causas y consecuencias de Síndrome Burnout, discutiendo las posibles consecuencias para el profesional de enfermería. Método: estudio descriptivo y exploratorio, realizado a través de revisión de la literatura. El tema fue realizado por una división en categorías que aborden las causas y factores también el síndrome más amplio. Resultados: a partir del análisis de los resultados, parece que el proceso está estrechamente relacionado con factores de organización, individuales personales, e incluso inherente a la profesión. Los efectos descritos son numerosos, la participación de las esferas física, mental, emocional, organizacional y familiar. Conclusión: este es el problema actual que merece enfoques psicosociales y estudios que permitan medidas para minimizar el sufrimiento de los profesionales que trabajan.
The Care Relationship Required by Seniors in Nursing Homes: A Qualitative Meta-study
Authors: Blanca-Gutiérrez Joaquín Jesús , Linares-Abad Manuel , Grande-Gascón María Luisa , Jiménez-Díaz María del Carmen , Hidalgo-Pedraza Luisa ,   Agencia Sanitaria Alto Guadalquivir
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: describir que tipo de cuidados y de interacción humana demandan de sus enfermeras las personas mayores que viven en un hogar para ancianos, a partir de la síntesis y el reanálisis de los datos proporcionados por una serie de estudios primarios que han abordado la experiencia de vivir en un hogar para ancianos. Antecedentes: los estudios de tipo cualitativo que han tratado el tema de las experiencias vitales en un hogar para ancianos se han centrado en aspectos como la vida diaria, la calidad de vida, las experiencias de sufrimiento, los cuidados recibidos, la proximidad de la muerte y las relaciones personales. Materiales y métodos: metaestudio cualitativo de tipo análisis de metadatos. Las bases de datos empleadas han sido: ISI Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS y CUIDEN PLUS. Se han seleccionado 29 estudios. Resultados: las categorías centrales emergentes de los datos han sido: las cualidades personales demandadas al personal cuidador, las intervenciones cuidadoras, la relación personal con los cuidadores y la influencia de la relación persona mayor-cuidador en otros aspectos. Conclusión: con este trabajo hemos pretendido sintetizar las evidencias proporcionadas por una serie de investigaciones primarias tratando de proporcionar un nivel de conocimientos mayor sobre las necesidades de atención de las personas residentes en un hogar para ancianos, siempre a partir de los testimonios, las experiencias y las vivencias de los protagonistas.
Social Support for Family Caregivers of Chronically Ill Persons in Cartagena
Authors: Herrera Arleth , Flórez Torres Inna Elida , Romero Massa Elizabeth , Montalvo Amparo ,   Universidad de Cartagena
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: determinar el soporte social percibido en cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica en la ciudad de Cartagena, Colombia. Método: estudio descriptivo en 222 cuidadores de familiares, entre octubre de 2009 y octubre 2010; se utilizó el instrumento "inventario" de soporte social en enfermedad crónica, propuesto por Hilbert, integrado por cinco categorías. Los datos se expresan por medio de la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: el 91.4% de los cuidadores son mujeres, 54,35% con edades comprendidas entre los 36 y 59 años y una edad promedio de 43,7 años. Los cuidadores presentaron una percepción de apoyo social satisfactoria, con una media de 148.97 y una desviación estándar de 33.94, la puntuación mínima obtenida fue de 35 puntos, la máxima de 204. En mayor proporción el apoyo a los cuidadores fue brindado por los hermanos (24%), la pareja (22,2%) y los hijos (17.6%). Conclusión: los cuidadores están satisfechos con el apoyo social percibido, especialmente en las categorías: "interacción personal" y "educación e información", recibida por quienes integran su red. Se requieren propuestas innovadoras desde la enfermería para apoyar a las personas en situación de enfermedad crónica y sus cuidadores.
Psychosocial Predictors of Satisfaction with Life during Perimenopause and Postmenopause
Authors: Martínez María Dolores , González-Arratia López Fuent Norma Ivonne , Oudhof van Barneveld Johannes , Domínguez-Espinosa Alejandra del Carmen , Olivos-Rubio Micaela ,   Universidad Autonóma del Estado de México
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: analizar las variables que favorecen la adaptación de la mujer al climaterio, como son: autoconcepto, autoestima y percepción de apoyo familiar, factores predictores de la satisfacción con la vida en la perimenopausia y la posmenopausia, e identificar las diferencias entre grupos. Materiales y Métodos: la muestra fue no probabilística, con un total de 404 mujeres reunidas en: Grupo I, perimenopausia y Grupo II, posmenopausia. Se aplicaron las escala de 1) Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS), 2) Autoconcepto de Valdez, 3) Autoestima IGA, 4) Apoyo social percibido (SSP-Fa) y cédula de datos sociodemográficos. Resultados: se encontró que la autoestima, el apoyo familiar percibido y la dimensión expresivo-afectiva del autoconcepto predicen la satisfacción con la vida en 40,3% (R2 = 0,403 p <0,005), sin diferencia entre los dos grupos. Conclusiones: se concluye que estas variables están presentes positivamente en estos grupos de mujeres y deben ser consideradas como fortalezas de la salud mental para la atención integral en enfermería en este periodo de la vida.
A ocupação e o uso do solo no litoral paranaense: condicionantes, conflitos e tendências
Authors: Pierri Naína , Angulo Rodolfo José , Souza Maria Cristina de , Kim Minela K.
Published: July 2014

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar as formas de ocupação e uso do litoral paranaense com foco naespecificidade costeira, trazendo os elementos descritivos fundamentais, mas tentando pesquisar algunsfatores condicionantes e explicativos, assim como perceber as tendências presentes. As formasatuais principais do uso do solo costeiro no Paraná são o portuário, o pesqueiro, o turístico e a conservaçãode ecossistemas presentes e de sua biodiversidade. Para conhecer sua origem e compreender suaforma atual, apresenta-se o histórico da região e se aportam dados que caracterizam e dimensionamesses quatro usos do solo costeiro. A partir disso, analisam-se as condicionantes físicas desses usos,assim como suas conseqüências em termos de conflitos e tendências. Por último, apresentam-se dadosbásicos da dinâmica populacional, entendida como reflexo ou expressão da dinâmica econômica quepreside a ocupação do espaço e a apropriação e uso dos recursos. Desta forma, o artigo tenta captar adialética entre as condições naturais e os processos históricos que determinam a configuração doespaço social.
An Advanced Approach to Extraction of Colour Texture Features Based on GLCM
Authors: Benco Miroslav , Hudec Robert , Kamencay Patrik , Zachariasova Martina , Matuska Slavomir
Published: July 2014

This paper discusses research in the area of texture image classification. More specifically, the combination of texture and colour features is researched. The principle objective is to create a robust descriptor for the extraction of colour texture features. The principles of two well-known methods for grey-level texture feature extraction, namely GLCM (grey-level co-occurrence matrix) and Gabor filters, are used in experiments. For the texture classification, the support vector machine is used. In the first approach, the methods are applied in separate channels in the colour image. The experimental results show the huge growth of precision for colour texture retrieval by GLCM. Therefore, the GLCM is modified for extracting probability matrices directly from the colour image. The method for 13 directions neighbourhood system is proposed and formulas for probability matrices computation are presented. The proposed method is called CLCM (colour-level co-occurrence matrices) and experimental results show that it is a powerful method for colour texture classification.
Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Device Actuated with Pneumatic Muscles
Authors: Petre Ioana , Deaconescu Andrea , Rogozea Liliana , Deaconescu Tudor Ion
Published: July 2014

Year after year recovery clinics worldwide report significant numbers of lower limb bearing joint disabilities. An effective method for the speedy rehabilitation of patients with such afflictions is Continuous Passive Motion (CPM), drawing upon a range of specific equipment.

This paper presents an innovative constructive solution for such orthopaedic rehabilitation equipment, designed to ensure a swift reintegration of patients at as low a cost as possible. The absolute novelty consists in the utilization of the linear pneumatic muscle as actuator of the orthopaedic rehabilitation equipment, thus achieving a light and highly compliant construction that satisfies safety requirements related to man-machine interaction. Pneumatic muscles are bio-inspired actuation systems characterized by a passive variable compliant behaviour. This property, deployed in rehabilitation systems, enables the development of human friendly devices, which are comfortable for the patients, and capable of safe interaction.

This paper presents the constructive schematic of the orthopaedic rehabilitation equipment, the structure of the actuation and positioning system, and several of its functional characteristics.
Comparison of Uncalibrated Model-Free Visual Servoing Methods for Small-Amplitude Movements: A Simulation Study
Authors: Musić Josip , Bonković Mirjana , Cecić Mojmil
Published: July 2014

The paper compares the performance of several methods used for the estimation of an image Jacobian matrix in uncalibrated model-free visual servoing. This was achieved for an eye-in-hand configuration with small-amplitude movements with several sets of system parameters. The tested methods included the Broyden algorithm, Kalman and particle filters as well as the recently proposed population-based algorithm. The algorithms were tested in a simulation environment (Peter Corke's Robotic Toolbox for MATLAB) on a PUMA 560 robot. Several application scenarios were considered, including static point and dynamic trajectory tracking, with several characteristic shapes and three different speeds. Based on the obtained results, conclusions were drawn about the strengths and weaknesses of each method both for a particular setup and in general. Algorithm-switching was introduced and explored, since it might be expected to improve overall robot tracking performance with respect to the desired trajectory. Finally, possible future research directions are suggested.
A New Paradigm for Packaging Design in Web-Based Commerce
Authors: Alberto Regattieri , Giulia Santarelli , Mauro Gamberi , Cristina Mora
Published: July 2014

E-commerce is one of the most important features to have emerged from the presence of the Internet. It allows people to exchange goods with low time or distance barriers. E-commerce creates new opportunities; meanwhile, it also presents new challenges in terms of supplying chain management, particularly regarding the packaging system. Packaging functions have had to develop along with the new requirements enforced by e-commerce (i.e., increased amounts of packaging materials for each product, an increased need to protect items, end-life management, environmental sustainability, etc.).

In this paper, the authors propose an original reference framework for the design of a product packaging system that can be applied to e-operations. According to the framework, the authors have developed a mathematical model for evaluating the cost that a company has to sustain when partaking in e-commerce business. In conclusion, the paper discusses the application of both the framework and the mathematical model to a case study in order to develop an innovative packaging solution for e-commerce.
A Reverse Logistics Network Model for Handling Returned Products
Authors: Zaarour Nizar , Melachrinoudis Emanuel , Solomon Marius , Min Hokey
Published: July 2014

Due to the emergence of e-commerce and the proliferation of liberal return policies, product returns have become daily routines for many companies. Considering the significant impact of product returns on the company's bottom line, a growing number of companies have attempted to streamline the reverse logistics process. Products are usually returned to initial collection points (ICPs) in small quantities and thus increase the unit shipping cost due to lack of freight discount opportunities. One way to address this issue is to aggregate the returned products into a larger shipment. However, such aggregation increases the holding time at the ICP, which in turn increases the inventory carrying costs. Considering this logistics dilemma, the main objectives of this research are to minimize the total cost by determining the optimal location and collection period of holding time of ICPs; determining the optimal location of a centralized return centre; transforming the nonlinear objective function of the proposed model formulation by Min et al. (2006a) into a linear form; and conducting a sensitivity analysis to the model solutions according to varying parameters such as shipping volume. Existing models and solution procedures are too complicated to solve real-world problems. Through a series of computational experiments, we discovered that the linearization model obtained the optimal solution at a fraction of the time used by the traditional nonlinear model and solution procedure, as well as the ability to handle up to 150 customers as compared to 30 in the conventional nonlinear model. As such, the proposed linear model is more suitable for actual industry applications than the existing models.
External Joint Torque-Based Estimation of Contact Information
Authors: Likar Nejc , Žlajpah Leon
Published: July 2014

In the paper, a method for the estimation of the contact force and contact location is proposed. Contact can occur at any point on the body of the robot manipulator. The contact force estimation algorithm is based on the measurement of the part of the joint torques caused by the external force. As this is a complex nonlinear problem, the proposed method is based on nonlinear constrained optimization. Using certain assumptions, the complexity of the problem is reduced. In this paper, only robots with cylindrically-shaped links are considered. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed approach allows the estimation of the contact forces by using only the joint torque sensors, without any additional external sensory systems for the detection of contacts along the robot body-structure.
A review of the Afrotropical Rhyssinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) with the descriptions of five new species
Authors: Rousse Pascal , Van Noort Simon
Published: July 2014

The Afrotropical Rhyssinae are reviewed. A total of 12 species are reported from the region, including five new species: Epirhyssa brianfisheri sp. nov., E. gavinbroadi sp. nov., E. shaka sp. nov., E. villemantae sp. nov. and E. tombeaodiba sp. nov. The generic status of E. brianfisheri sp. nov. is discussed since this species could also be considered to be an extra-limital Triancyra species, emphasizing the putative paraphyletic status of Epirhyssa. Epirhyssa ghesquierei Seyrig, 1937, E. overlaeti Seyrig, 1937 and E. uelensis Benoit, 1951 are newly reported from Cameroon. We provide illustrated diagnoses and identification notes. Finally, we discuss the apparent scarcity of African rhyssines compared to other regions.
Transposition of Intravascular Lipid in Experimentally Induced Fat Embolism: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Hwang So-Min , Lee Jong-Seo , Kim Hong-Il , Jung Yong-Hui , Kim Hyung-Do
Published: July 2014

Background Liposuction is a procedure to reduce the volume of subcutaneous fat by physical force. Intracellular storage fat is composed of triglyceride, whereas circulating fat particles exist as cholesterol or triglycerol bound to carrier proteins. It is unavoidable that the storage form of fat particles enters the circulation system after these particles are physiologically destroyed. To date, however, no studies have clarified the fatal characteristics of fat embolism that occurs after the subclinical phase of free fat particles.

Methods A mixture of human lipoaspirate and normal saline (1:100, 0.2 mL) was injected into the external jugular vein of rats, weighing 200 g on average. Biopsy specimens of the lung and kidney were examined at 12-hour intervals until postoperative 72 hours. The deposit location and transport of the injected free fat particles were confirmed histologically by an Oil Red O stain.

Results Inconsistent with previous reports, free fat particles were transported from the intravascular space to the parenchyma. At 24 hours after infusion, free fat particles deposited in the vascular lumen were confirmed on the Oil Red O stain. At 72 hours after infusion, free fat particles were accumulated compactly within the parenchymal space near the perivascular area.

Conclusions Many surgeons are aware of the fatal results and undiscovered pathophysiologic mechanisms of free fat particles. Our results indicate that free fat particles, the storage form of fat that has been degraded through a physiological process, might be removed through a direct transport mechanism and phagocytotic uptake.
Comparison Study of the Use of Absorbable and Nonabsorbable Materials as Internal Splints after Closed Reduction for Nasal Bone Fracture
Authors: Yi Chang Ryul , Kim Young Joon , Kim Hoon , Nam Sang Hyun , Choi Young Woong
Published: July 2014

Background The authors sought to compare the use of the nonabsorbable polyvinyl alcohol sponge (PVA, Merocel) and absorbable synthetic polyurethane foam (SPF, Nasopore Forte plus) as intranasal splints after closed reduction of fractured nasal bones during the hospitalization period.

Methods The medical records of 111 patients who underwent closed reduction for nasal bone fracture at Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, from 2012 to 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. PVA (group A) or SPF (group B) was packed as an internal splint after closed reduction. The efficacy of the materials was compared and statistically analyzed.

Results PVA was used in 82 patients, and SPF was used in 29 patients. The patients in group B complained significantly more of nasal pain on the first day after operation than the patients in group A. Headaches on the operation day were significantly more painful in group B than in group A. Bleeding on the fourth postoperative day was significantly reduced in group B as compared to group A. The patients in group B exhibited significantly more intensive nasal obstruction on the operation day and the following day than the patients in group A. However, on the third and fourth postoperative days, the nasal obstruction in group B was less than that in group A. The pain and bleeding related to the packing material was significantly reduced in group B as compared to group A.

Conclusions The use of SPF as an absorbable packing material is a reasonable substitute for the traditional nonabsorbable material.
Safety of Silastic Sheet for Orbital Wall Reconstruction
Authors: Moon Seong June , Suh Hyun Suk , Park Bo Young , Kang So Ra
Published: July 2014

Background Many implants are being used for the reconstruction of orbital wall fractures. The effect of the choice of implant for the reconstruction of an orbital wall fracture on the surgical outcome is under debate. The purpose of this article is to compare the outcomes of orbital wall reconstruction of small orbital wall fractures on the basis of the implants used.

Methods The authors conducted a retrospective study using electronic databases. Between March 2001 and December 2012, 461 patients with orbital wall fractures were included in this study. Among them, 431 patients in whom the fracture size was less than 300 mm2 were analyzed. The fracture size was calculated using computed tomography scans of the orbit in the sagittal and coronal images. Cases in which the fracture size was less than 300 mm2 were included in this study.

Results One hundred and twenty-nine patients were treated with silastic sheets; 238 patients were treated with titanium meshes; and absorbable meshes were used in the case of 64 patients. Overall, 13 patients required revision, and the revision rate was 3.0%. The revision rate of the silastic sheet group was 5.4%. In the multivariable analysis, the revision rate of the group reconstructed with silastic sheets was highly statistically significant (P=0.043, odds ratio=3.65). However, other factors such as age, sex, fracture type, and fracture size were not significant.

Conclusions Reconstruction of orbital wall fractures with silastic sheets may cause more complications than that with other materials such as titanium meshes and absorbable meshes.