bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Externally Verifiable Oblivious RAM
Authors: Gancher Joshua , Groce Adam , Ledger Alex
Published: April 2017

We present the idea of externally verifiable oblivious RAM (ORAM). Our goal is to allow a client and server carrying out an ORAM protocol to have disputes adjudicated by a third party, allowing for the enforcement of penalties against an unreliable or malicious server. We give a security definition that guarantees protection not only against a malicious server but also against a client making false accusations. We then give modifications of the Path ORAM [15] and Ring ORAM [9] protocols that meet this security definition. These protocols both have the same asymptotic runtimes as the semi-honest original versions and require the external verifier to be involved only when the client or server deviates from the protocol. Finally, we implement externally verified ORAM, along with an automated cryptocurrency contract to use as the external verifier.
Website Fingerprinting Defenses at the Application Layer
Authors: Cherubin Giovanni , Hayes Jamie , Juarez Marc
Published: April 2017

Website Fingerprinting (WF) allows a passive network adversary to learn the websites that a client visits by analyzing traffic patterns that are unique to each website. It has been recently shown that these attacks are particularly effective against .onion sites, anonymous web servers hosted within the Tor network. Given the sensitive nature of the content of these services, the implications of WF on the Tor network are alarming. Prior work has only considered defenses at the client-side arguing that web servers lack of incentives to adopt countermeasures. Furthermore, most of these defenses have been designed to operate on the stream of network packets, making practical deployment difficult. In this paper, we propose two application-level defenses including the first server-side defense against WF, as .onion services have incentives to support it. The other defense is a lightweight client-side defense implemented as a browser add-on, improving ease of deployment over previous approaches. In our evaluations, the server-side defense is able to reduce WF accuracy on Tor .onion sites from 69.6% to 10% and the client-side defense reduces accuracy from 64% to 31.5%.
Development of generative structures of polar Caryophyllaceae plants: the Arctic Cerastium alpinum and Silene involucrata, and the Antarctic Colobanthus quitensis
Authors: Kellmann-Sopyła Wioleta , Koc Justyna , Górecki Ryszard J. , Domaciuk Marcin , Giełwanowska Irena
Published: April 2017

The embryology of three polar flowering plants of the family Caryophyllaceae was studied using the methods and techniques of the light, normal and fluorescence microscopes, and the electron microscopes, scanning and transmission. The analyzed species wereColobanthus quitensisof West Antarctic (King George Island, South Shetlands Islands) as well asCerastium alpinumandSilene involucrataof the Arctic (Spitsbergen, Svalbard). In all evaluated species, flowering responses were adapted to the short Arctic and Australian summer, and adaptations to autogamy and anemogamy were also observed. The microsporangia of the analyzed plants produced small numbers of microspore mother cells that were differentiated into a dozen or dozens of trinucleate pollen grains. The majority of mature pollen grains remained inside microsporangia and germinated in the thecae. The monosporous Polygonum type (the most common type in angiosperms) of embryo sac development was observed in the studied species. The egg apparatus had an egg cell and two synergids with typical polarization. A well-developed filiform apparatus was differentiated in the micropylar end of the synergids. In mature diaspores of the analyzed plants of the family Caryophyllaceae, a large and peripherally located embryo was, in most part, adjacent to perisperm cells filled with reserve substances, whereas the radicle was surrounded by micropylar endosperm composed of a single layer of cells with thick, intensely stained cytoplasm, organelles and reserve substances. The testae of the analyzed plants were characterized by species-specific primary and secondary sculpture, and they contained large amounts of osmophilic material with varied density. Seeds ofC. quitensis,C. alpinumandS. involucrataare very small, light and compact shaped.
Perspectives on the Nutritional Management of Metabolic Syndrome in Asia: People, Practice and Programmes
Authors: Phing Chee Huei
Published: April 2017

Numerous Asian countries have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome, also associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Healthcare expenditure varies among Asian countries, and is influenced by poverty factor and large populations. The effect of metabolic syndrome on nutritional management in Asia demonstrates the essential for clinicians to equalize the needs for higher standards of dietetics practice; as they execute optimal care processes with the aim of improving outcomes, alongside setting of workforce limitations, inadequate expertise in metabolic syndrome nutrition practice, as well as ethnic diversity among Asians. This paper presents some aspects of dietetics practice and the possibility that an alteration in practice is mandatory if dietitians are to play an active role in preventing or decelerating the evolution of the metabolic syndrome.
The Diabetes-Tuberculosis Co-Epidemic: The Interaction between Individual and Socio-Economic Risk Factors
Authors: Firănescu Adela-Gabriela , Popa Adina , Roşu Maria-Magdalena , Protasiewicz Diana Cristina , Popa Simona Georgiana , Ioana Mihai , Moța Maria
Published: April 2017

Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbi-mortality, about 30% of the population having a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have a threefold increased risk of developing the disease. The prevalence of DM is rapidly increasing, especially in countries with low and middle income, where TB incidence is also increased, thus baffling the efforts for TB control. The DM-TB co-epidemic is more frequent in married, older men, with reduced level of education, low income, without a steady job, with lifestyle habits such as alcohol consumption, smoking, sedentarism, living in an urban environment, in crowded areas, in insanitary conditions. These patients have a higher body mass index (BMI) compared with those without DM and frequently present family history of TB, family history of DM, longer duration of DM and reduced glycemic control. TB associated with DM is usually asymptomatic, more contagious, multidrug resistant and is significantly associated with an increased risk of therapy failure, relapse and even death. Thus, the DM-TB comorbidity represents a threat to public health and requires the implementation of urgent measures in order to both prevent and manage the two diseases.
Contribution to Dynamical Properties of Machine Aggregates with Gearing
Authors: Riečičiarová Eva , Oravcová Jarmila
Published: April 2017

This contribution is focused on the impact of real gearing to the dynamics of gearing and a machine aggregate system. It is shown that a mechanical reduction gearbox is the source of excitation with a large range of frequencies. The mechanical part of drives, with respect to its electrical part, is the subject of control which should ensure optimal movement modes with regards to the technological process.
Determination of Modulus of Elasticity and Shear Modulus by the Measurement of Relative Strains
Authors: Labašová Eva
Published: April 2017

This contribution is focused on determining the material properties (Young modulus and shear modulus) of the testing samples. The theoretical basis for determining material properties are the knowledge of linear elasticity and strength. The starting points are dependencies among the modulus of elasticity, shear modulus, normal stress and relative strain. The relative strains of the testing samples were obtained by measuring predefined load conditions using a strain-gauge bridge and the universal measurement system Quantum X MX 840. The integration of these tasks into the teaching process enhances practical and intellectual skills of students at secondary level technical universities.
Improving Logistics Processes in Industry Using Web Technologies
Authors: Jánošík Ján , Tanuška Pavol , Václavová Andrea
Published: April 2017

The aim of this paper is to propose the concept of a system that takes advantage of web technologies and integrates them into the management process and management of internal stocks which may relate to external applications and creates the conditions to transform a Computerized Control of Warehouse Stock (CCWS) in the company. The importance of implementing CCWS is in the elimination of the claims caused by the human factor, as well as to allow the processing of information for analytical purposes and their subsequent use to improve internal processes. Using CCWS in the company would also facilitate better use of the potential tools Business Intelligence and Data Mining.
Kinematics Simulation of the Cardan Shaft for Investigation of the Cardan Error in Catia V5
Authors: Hajdu Štefan , Rolník Ladislav , Švoš Juraj
Published: April 2017

The goal of this paper is the creation of kinematic systems of the cardan shaft in the CAD/CAM/CAE system CATIA V5 and analysis of three cases of assembly to determine upon which, angular accelerations had been observed between the input driving shaft, central cardan shaft and output driven shaft. The scientific result of this paper was to confirm the presence of cardan error and how this type of error can be successfully eliminated.
Cluster Analytical Method of Fault Risk Analysis in Systems
Authors: Michaľčonok German , Horalová Kalinová Michaela
Published: April 2017

In providing safety functions, the proposal of safety functions of control systems is an important part of a risk reduction strategy. In the specification of security requirements, it is necessary to determine and document individual characteristics and the desired performance level for each safety. This article presents the results of the experiment cluster analysis.

The results of the experiment prove that the methods of cluster analysis provide a suitable tool for analyzing the reliability of safety systems analysis. Regarding the increasing complexity of the systems, we can state that the application of these methods in the subject area is a good choice.
Using Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate for Foaming Polymers
Authors: Satin Lukáš , Likavčan Lukáš , Košík Miroslav , Rantuch Peter , Bílik Jozef
Published: April 2017

All plastics products are made of the essential polymer mixed with a complex blend of materials known collectively as additives. Without additives, plastics would not work, but with them, they can be made safer, cleaner, tougher and more colourful. Additives cost money, but by reducing production costs and making products live longer, they help us save money and conserve the world's precious raw material reserves. In fact, our world would be a lot less safe, a lot more expensive and a great deal duller without the additives that turn basic polymers into useful plastics. One of these additives is sodium bicarbonate. Influence of sodium bicarbonate on properties of the product made of polystyrene was observed in the research described in this paper. Since polystyrene is typically used as a material for electrical components, the mechanical properties of tensile strength and inflammability were measured as a priority. Inflammability parameters were measured using a cone calorimeter.
Wear of Cutting Tool with Excel Geometry in Turning Process of Hardened Steel
Authors: Samardžiová Michaela
Published: April 2017

This paper deals with hard turning using a cutting tool with Xcel geometry. This is one of the new geometries, and there is not any information about Xcel wear in comparison to the conventional geometry. It is already known from cutting tools producers that using the Xcel geometry leads to higher quality of machined surface, perticularly surface roughness. It is possible to achieve more than 4 times lower Ra and Rz values after turning than after using conventional geometry with radius. The workpiece material was 100Cr6 hardened steel with hardness of 60 ± 1 HRC. The machine used for the experiment was a lathe with counter spindle DMG CTX alpha 500, which is located in the Centre of Excellence of 5–axis Machining at the Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava. The cutting tools made by CBN were obtained from Sandvik COROMANT Company.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the cutting tool wear in hard turning process by the Xcel cutting tool geometry.
Theoretical Aspect of Assembly
Authors: Václav Štefan , Jurko Jozef , Božek Pavol , Lecký Šimon
Published: April 2017

Assembly plays a decisive role in global production in terms of its share in the total costs of the products assembled and in terms of the number of people working in the field. The author of (1) indicates that the percentage of the workers in assembly out of the total number of the workers in manufacturing in the U.S.A. ranged from 26.3% (bicycles) to 45.6% (automobiles), while the cost of the product assembly represented typically more than 50% of the total costs. Despite the above-mentioned importance of assembly in the industry, the discontinuous production processes have not been paid adequate attention until recently. It was sufficient to manufacture parts and then an operative reasonably and inexpensively assembled each product manually. The authors of this paper would like to emphasise “the method of a systemic approach” which focuses upon identifying the key activities to meet the objective. Harmonious interrelations of the activities are often a source of greater profit than in a system where some activities are of the top level while the others are neglected (2). The aim of this paper is to describe theoretical aspects of all the typical activities of the assembly system.
Can Resistance Training Enhance the Rapid Force Development in Unloaded Dynamic Isoinertial Multi-Joint Movements? A Systematic Review
Authors: Van Hooren Bas , Bosch Frans , Meijer Kenneth
Published: April 2017

Van Hooren, B, Bosch, F, and Meijer, K. Can resistance training enhance the rapid force development in unloaded dynamic isoinertial multi-joint movements? A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2324–2337, 2017—The objectives of this systematic review were to (a) evaluate whether resistance training can improve the rapid force development in unloaded dynamic isoinertial multi-joint movements and (b) investigate whether these effects differ between untrained/recreationally trained and well-trained individuals. Four electronic databases were screened for studies that measured the effects of resistance training on rapid force development in unloaded dynamic isoinertial multi-joint movements. Twelve studies with a total of 271 participants were included. 10/26 (38%) and 6/14 (43%) of the measures of rapid force development in unloaded dynamic isoinertial multi-joint movements significantly improved following training in the untrained/recreationally trained and well-trained individuals, respectively. Additionally, 7/14 (50%) and 3/12 (25%) of the measures significantly improved during a countermovement and squat jump in the untrained/recreationally trained individuals and 4/6 (67%) and 2/8 (25%) significantly improved during a countermovement and squat jump in the well-trained individuals, respectively. These findings indicate that resistance training has a limited transfer to rapid force development in unloaded dynamic isoinertial multi-joint movements, especially for well-trained individuals and in movements without a countermovement. Furthermore, rapid force development has likely a limited transfer from movements with countermovement to movements without a countermovement and from bilateral movements to unilateral movements. Therefore, it is important to specifically mimic the actual sport movement in order to maximize the transfer of training and testing.
Position-Specific Acceleration and Deceleration Profiles in Elite Youth and Senior Soccer Players
Authors: Vigh-Larsen Jeppe F. , Dalgas Ulrik , Andersen Thomas B.
Published: April 2017

Vigh-Larsen, JF, Dalgas, U, and Andersen, TB. Position-specific acceleration and deceleration profiles in elite youth and senior soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 32(4): 1114–1122, 2018—The purpose of the study was to characterize and compare the position-specific activity profiles of young and senior elite soccer players with special emphasis put on accelerations and decelerations. Eight professional senior matches were tracked using the ZXY tracking system and analyzed for the number of accelerations and decelerations and running distances within different speed zones. Likewise, 4 U19 and 5 U17 matches were analyzed for comparison between youth and senior players. In senior players, the total distance (TD) was 10,776 ± 107 m with 668 ± 28 and 143 ± 10 m being high-intensity running (HIR) and sprinting, respectively. Number of accelerations and decelerations were 81 ± 2 and 84 ± 3, respectively, with central defenders performing the lowest and wide players the highest number. Declines were found between first and second halves for accelerations and decelerations (11 ± 3%), HIR (6 ± 4%), and TD (5 ± 1%), whereas sprinting distance did not differ. U19 players performed a higher number of accelerations, decelerations, and TD compared with senior players. In conclusion, differences in the number and distribution of accelerations and decelerations appeared between player positions, which is of importance when monitoring training and match loads and when prescribing specific training exercises. Furthermore, youth players performed as much high-intensity activities as senior players, indicating that this is not a discriminating physiological parameter between these players.
Increased Leg Bone Mineral Density and Content During the Initial Years of College Sport
Authors: Scerpella John J. , Buehring Bjoern , Hetzel Scott J. , Heiderscheit Bryan C.
Published: April 2017

Scerpella, JJ, Buehring, B, Hetzel, SJ, and Heiderscheit, BC. Increased leg bone mineral density and content during the initial years of college sport. J Strength Cond Res 32(4): 1123–1130, 2018—Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) data are useful parameters for evaluating how training practices promote bone health. We used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to longitudinally assess sport-specific growth in leg and total body BMD/BMC over the initial 2 years of collegiate training. Eighty-five Division 1 collegiate basketball, hockey, and soccer athletes (50 males and 35 females; age 19.0 [0.8] years) underwent annual DXA scans. Leg and total body BMD/BMC were compared within and across two 1-year intervals (periods 1 and 2) using repeated-measures analysis of variance, adjusting for age, sex, race, and sport. Leg BMD, leg BMC, and total body BMC all increased over period 1 (0.05 g·cm−2 [p = 0.001], 0.07 kg [p = 0.002], and 0.19 kg [p < 0.001] respectively). Changes in period 2 compared with period 1 were smaller for leg BMD (p = 0.001), leg BMC (p < 0.001), leg fat mass (p = 0.028), and total BMC (p = 0.005). Leg lean mass increased more during period 2 than period 1 (p = 0.018). Sports participation was the only significant predictor of change in leg BMD. Significant increases in both leg BMD and BMC were demonstrated over both 2-year periods, with greater gains during period 1. These gains highlight the importance of attentive training procedures, capitalizing on attendant physical benefits of increased BMD/BMC. Additional research in young adults, evaluating bone mass acquisition, will optimize performance and decrease risk of bone stress injury among collegiate athletes.
Maximum Dynamic Lower-Limb Strength Was Maintained During 24-Week Reduced Training Frequency in Previously Sedentary Older Women
Authors: Walker Simon , Serrano Javier , Van Roie Evelien
Published: April 2017

Walker, S, Serrano, J, and Van Roie, E. Maximum dynamic lower-limb strength was maintained during 24-week reduced training frequency in previously sedentary older women. J Strength Cond Res 32(4): 1063–1071, 2018—There is little study into the effects of reducing strength training below the recommended twice weekly frequency, particularly in older women, despite the possibility that individuals will encounter periods of reduced training frequency. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of a period of reduced training frequency on maximum strength and muscle mass of the lower limbs in comparison with the recommended training frequency of twice per week. After an initial 12-week period, where all subjects trained twice per week, a reduced strength training group (RST) trained once per week, whereas another strength training group (ST) continued to train twice per week for 24 weeks. A nontraining age-matched control group (CON) was used for comparison. All subjects were tested for leg press 1-repetition maximum (1RM), electromyogram (EMG) amplitude of vastus lateralis and medialis, and quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA) measured by panoramic ultrasound at weeks 0, 12, and 36. Both ST and RST continued to increase 1RM during the reduced training frequency period compared with control (∼8% and ∼5% vs. ∼−3%, respectively; p ≤ 0.05). Accompanying these changes were significant increases in EMG amplitude in both ST and RST (p ≤ 0.05). However, the initial gains in quadriceps CSA made from week 0 to week 12 in RST were lost when training once per week (RST ∼−5%). Therefore, reduced training frequency in this population does not adversely affect maximum strength or muscle activity but can negatively affect muscle mass, even reversing training-induced gains. Older individuals not training at least twice per week may compromise potential increases in muscle mass, important in counteracting effects of aging.
A Balanced Comparison of Object Invariances in Monkey IT Neurons
Authors: Ratan Murty N. Apurva , Arun Sripati P.
Published: April 2017

Our ability to recognize objects across variations in size, position, or rotation is based on invariant object representations in higher visual cortex. However, we know little about how these invariances are related. Are some invariances harder than others? Do some invariances arise faster than others? These comparisons can be made only upon equating image changes across transformations. Here, we targeted invariant neural representations in the monkey inferotemporal (IT) cortex using object images with balanced changes in size, position, and rotation. Across the recorded population, IT neurons generalized across size and position both stronger and faster than to rotations in the image plane as well as in depth. We obtained a similar ordering of invariances in deep neural networks but not in low-level visual representations. Thus, invariant neural representations dynamically evolve in a temporal order reflective of their underlying computational complexity.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation therapy for pancreatic insulinoma: an unusual strategy
Authors: de Sousa Lages Adriana , Paiva Isabel , Oliveira Patrícia , Portela Francisco , Carrilho Francisco
Published: April 2017

Insulinomas are the most frequent cause of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. Although surgical enucleation is the standard treatment, a few other options are available to high-risk patients who are elderly or present with co-morbidities. We present a case report of an 89-year-old female patient who was admitted to the emergency department due to recurrent hypoglycaemia, especially during fasting. Laboratory work-up raised the suspicion of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia, and abdominal CT scan revealed a 12 mm nodular hypervascular lesion of the pancreatic body suggestive of neuroendocrine tumour. The patient was not considered a suitable candidate for surgery, and medical therapy with diazoxide was poorly tolerated. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation therapy was performed and a total of 0.6 mL of 95% ethanol was injected into the lesion by a transgastric approach; no complications were reported after the procedure. At 5 months of follow-up, no episodes of hypoglycaemia were reported, no diazoxide therapy was necessary, and revaluation abdominal CT scan revealed a pancreatic nodular lesion with a size involution of about half of its original volume. The patient is regularly followed-up at the endocrinology clinic and shows a significant improvement in her wellbeing and quality of life.

Learning points:

Insulinomas are the most frequent cause of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia.

Surgical enucleation is the standard treatment with a few other options available to high-risk patients.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation therapy is one feasible option in high-risk patients with satisfactory clinical outcomes, significant positive impact on quality of life and low complication rates related to the procedure.
Inference on the Genetic Basis of Eye and Skin Color in an Admixed Population via Bayesian Linear Mixed Models
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Luke R , Robinson Matthew R , Moser Gerhard , Zeng Jian , Beleza Sandra , Barsh Gregory S , Tang Hua , Visscher Peter M
Published: April 2017

Genetic association studies in admixed populations are underrepresented in the genomics literature, with a key concern for researchers being the adequate control of spurious associations due to population structure. Linear mixed models (LMMs) are well suited for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) because they account for both population stratification and cryptic relatedness and achieve increased statistical power by jointly modeling all genotyped markers. Additionally, Bayesian LMMs allow for more flexible assumptions about the underlying distribution of genetic effects, and can concurrently estimate the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by genetic markers. Using three recently published Bayesian LMMs, Bayes R, BSLMM, and BOLT-LMM, we investigate an existing data set on eye (n = 625) and skin (n = 684) color from Cape Verde, an island nation off West Africa that is home to individuals with a broad range of phenotypic values for eye and skin color due to the mix of West African and European ancestry. We use simulations to demonstrate the utility of Bayesian LMMs for mapping loci and studying the genetic architecture of quantitative traits in admixed populations. The Bayesian LMMs provide evidence for two new pigmentation loci: one for eye color (AHRR) and one for skin color (DDB1).
LA FRAGMENTACIÓN JURÍDICO-INSTITUCIONAL COMO OBSTÁCULO PARA APLICAR EL PARADIGMA AMBIENTAL
Authors: Minaverry Clara María , Ferro Mariano
Published: April 2017

Desde la incorporación de la cuestión ambiental en la agenda internacional, se generaron expectativas acerca de la disciplina del Derecho como herramienta para mitigar, prevenir y resarcir el daño antropogénico a los ecosistemas. En este artículo se abordará una cuestión poco tratada en la literatura de las ciencias jurídicas y sociales en temas ambientales: la fragmentación institucional y normativa como obstáculo para alcanzar mayor sostenibilidad, específicamente, en la gestión del agua. Se ha adoptado un diseño de tipo bibliográfico-documental, descriptivo y diacrónico. La metodología utilizada es cualitativa, en particular la hermenéutica jurídica. En forma preliminar, se concluye que el caos normativo aplicable a la Cuenca Matanza-Riachuelo ha dado lugar a arreglos institucionales fallidos generandoun escenario adverso para la aplicación del paradigma ambiental en varias dimensiones: al favorecer la ocurrencia de acciones de corrupción; por dificultar el acceso a la información y el derecho a peticionar ante las autoridades; por constituir un obstáculo al ejercicio de la participación ciudadana.
PROSTITUCIÓN Y SALUD: EXPERIENCIAS INVISIBILIZADAS DE MUJERES Y PERSONAS TRANS 1 EN ARGENTINA
Authors: Chazarreta Irma Elizabeth
Published: April 2017

Las mujeres y las personas trans que ejercen la prostitución constituyen un grupo vulnerado y estigmatizado socialmente, no sólo por pertenecer al género femenino, sino por el tipo de actividad que realizan, estigmatizada por la sociedad en su conjunto, inclusive los varones que consumen. En ese sentido, el presente trabajo analiza los factores sociales que afectan la salud de las mujeres y de las personas trans en situación de prostitución; asimismo, examina las influencias del género en la salud de ellas. Se utiliza como instrumento para la recolección de datos las historias de vida. Cabe aclarar que el mismo se trata de avances logrados hasta el momento como resultado de un proceso de investigación cualitativa más amplio. Las mujeres y las personas trans en situación de prostitución se encuentran expuestas a condiciones laborales y de salud, desfavorables. Dentro de ellas se pueden mencionar: la mercantilización del cuerpo, la violencia que pueden sufrir a causa de transitar a altas horas de la noche en zonas céntricas como periféricas, las escasas posibilidades de negociar el uso del preservativo; ya que, los prostituyentes ofrecen mayor remuneración a cambio de no utilizarlo. Como si esto fuera poco, la asistencia a los centros de salud se torna difícil por los horarios de atención (en sus momentos de descanso) y por la discriminación a la que se ven expuestas.
EL PODER Y LOS AFECTOS EN EL ANÁLISIS DE LAS RELACIONES Y LAS TRANSFORMACIONES EN LAS FAMILIAS
Authors: Piedra Guillén Nancy
Published: April 2017

El trabajo presenta un análisis de los estudios que se han realizado en América Latina y varios países desarrollados sobre las familias. Por la prolífica producción en la temática se le da principal importancia a los textos que en las últimas tres décadas analizan las modificaciones en las familias considerando la incorporación de las mujeres al mercado laboral y enfatizan en las relaciones de poder al interior de las familias y los afectos en estas, los dos últimos temas de reciente incursión en las ciencias sociales. Este tipo de análisis observan la complejidad de la dinámica familiar que es micro social y que impacta procesos macro sociales. Estos estudios dan un giro a la perspectiva lineal que hasta el momento dominaba las investigaciones anteriores de los años 90s en las familias, que enfatizaban en el tema de la composición de las mismas para estudiar los cambios ocurridos en las últimas décadas. Actualmente, la temática de las familias se analiza de forma más integral y multidimensional.
EL SUJETO DE LA FISURA ESTRUCTURAL: CONSIDERACIONES ONTOLÓGICAS
Authors: Martínez Herrera Manuel
Published: April 2017

El sujeto de la historia y el sujeto del inconsciente son conceptos producidos por desarrollos teóricos desarticulados. Lo cual genera, en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales, una fluctuación entre monismos estructuralistas, logocéntricos y psicoanalíticos; dicha desarticulación constituye una de las grandes deudas de las ciencias sociales. Los procesos de subjetivación, emanan de las dimensiones históricas e inconscientes constructoras de realidades. Ontológicamente, la concreción del sujeto implica unaruptura con la realidad establecida, la subjetividad tiene su origen en una ausencia absoluta que trasciende el orden societal y al propio sujeto, ubicándose más allá de la estructura social, de las posibilidades comprensivas del lenguaje, incluso, de la representación inconsciente. Desde el punto de vista ontológico, la subjetividad se constituye en un anhelo imposible e innombrable que jamás se obtura, poniendo en movimiento al sujeto y a los dominios societarios. Esta vacuidad interna, producto de las falencias y deseos humanos en pos de una plenitud perdida, encuentra, en parte, su alivio en una promesa supraterrenal. En el presente trabajo se realiza una somera revisión de algunas de las principales conceptualizaciones acerca del sujeto y de la sociedad, desde las perspectivas del marxismo y del psicoanálisis. Se abordan las posibilidades analíticas de dichas perspectivas, en función de la noción del sujeto histórico y del sujeto del inconsciente, el inconsciente entendido como acontecimiento social y la noción de acontecimiento concebida como fisura-vacuidad en el orden estructural. Es, a partir de dichas conceptualizaciones, que se propone la intelección de la subjetividad como producción social.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) Against Uracils: Functional Monomer Design, Monomer-Template Interactions In Solution And MIP Performance In Chromatography
Authors: Hall Andrew J. , Manesiotis Panagiotis , Mossing Jakob T. , Sellergren Börje
Published: April 2017

The interaction of N1-substituted uracils (cyclohexyl (1) and benzyl (2)) with three polymerisable recognition elements, the novel monomers 9-(3/4-vinylbenzyl)adenine (3) and 2,6-diamino-9-(3/4-vinylbenzyl)purine (4) and the previously synthesised monomer 2,6-bis(acrylamido)pyridine (5), has been studied via1H NMR in deuterio-chloroform solution. MIPs against (2) have been prepared using each of the monomers and tested in the chromatographic mode. The effect of the number and type of hydrogen bonds formed between the templates and the functional monomers is reflected in the values of the apparent association constants obtained from the solution study and by the performance of the subsequently prepared MIPs in the chromatographic mode.
Sensor Materials - Detecting Molecules, Mixtures and Microorganisms -
Authors: Dickert Franz L. , Hayden Oliver , Lieberzeit Peter A. , Palfinger Christian
Published: April 2017

Sensor materials based on molecularly imprinted organic and inorganic polymers were designed and characterized according to their selectivity and sensitivity using mass-sensitive quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs). Cavities of differing shapes and sizes were created in both organic and inorganic polymers, able to selectively re-include the template species. Imprinting was performed both on the molecular and the micrometer scale. The chemical and biomimetic sensors developed allow the detection of various analytes, such as VOCs in ambient conditions, complex mixtures (automotive engine oils) and microorganisms. Thus, the extraordinary flexibility of templating methods is proved as the most versatile platform technology for advanced sensor materials.
On Route to the Chiral Imprinting of Bulk Silica
Authors: Ini Santiago , Defreese Jessica L. , Parra-Vasquez Nicholas , Katz Alexander
Published: April 2017

Shape-selective pores have been synthesized in bulk silica via imprinting. The synthetic approach relies on a sol-gel process to immobilize the imprint within a hybrid organic/inorganic material. Cleavage of the carbamate linkage from this material generates a primary amine within a microporous binding site. Characterization studies, including potentiometric titration and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, indicate that most imprinted amine sites are accessible during binding with small molecule probes. However, larger probes are unable to adsorb to the same material, indicating significant shape-selectivity in binding. Additionally, an investigation of framework pore size effects in a catalytic system shows that shape-selectivity can be solely a result of the imprinted active site and not the framework structure.
Studies on the Process of Formation, Nature and Stability of Binding Sites in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
Authors: Lanza F. , Rüther M. , Hall A.J. , Dauwe C. , Sellergren B.
Published: April 2017

In Molecular Imprinting the nature of the templated binding sites and the mechanism of their formation are still poorly understood. For this reason our groups are carrying out fundamental studies concerning known imprinting protocols, with the primary aim of shedding light on the role of the template in the different steps of the polymerisation, from the formation of primary chains to the build-up of the porous structure. In this paper we report our initial results concerning copolymers of methacrylic acid (MAA) and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) and their formation in presence or absence of the templates 9-ethyladenine, ametryn or terbutylazine. Monitoring the monomer disappearance by 1H-NMR showed that the presence of templates such as 9-ethyladenine significantly retarded the polymerisation but otherwise had minor influence on the relative reactivity of the monomers. The latter appeared in most cases to be stoichiometrically incorporated into the polymer. The signals arising from the template experienced little or no shift in the early stage of the polymerisation, although pronounced broadening was observed. By delaying the addition of the template, it was observed that binding sites with high selectivity could be induced more than one hour after the gel point of the system had been passed. Finally, the results of post-polymerisation curing on the dry and swollen state porosities and the recognition properties of terbutylazine imprinted polymers are reported. This treatment when performed at temperatures between 100-120°C, slightly enhanced the selectivity of the polymers, whereas at higher temperatures the polymers lost their molecular recognition properties. Swollen state porosity derived from inverse size exclusion chromatography (ISEC) revealed an interesting sharpening of the pore size distribution for the imprinted compared to the non-imprinted polymers.
Signal Generation from Switchable Polydiacetylene Fluorescence
Authors: Reppy Mary A.
Published: April 2017

Chemical and biological sensors require a material component to act as a transducer from the molecular level event of interest to a discernable output measurable in the macroscopic world. One such material is polydiacetylene (PDA), a conjugated polymer that can switch from harnessed to provide signal generation for bio-sensors and assays as a more sensitive alternative to the previously reported monitoring of PDA colorimetric shifts. While providing a more sensitive transduction mechanism the fluorescence behavior of PDA is also more complicated than the absorbance, in particular the emission profile of PDA in liposomes is strongly affected by the extent of polymerization. Incorporating small molecule fluorophores into the PDA materials further increases the overall emission of fluorescent PDA materials. The fluorophores accept energy from the excited state of the polymer and fluoresce, leading to both an overall increase in the quantum yield of the system and an increase in the Stokes shift. Basic photophysical properties of fatty acid PDA liposomes and a model assay for phospholipase A2 are presented. The model assay results show that the fluorescence response is greater than the colorimetric, and is further enhanced by addition of fluorophores.
Modification of Deposition Process of Piezoelectric Polycrystalline Film by Hydrothermal Method -Improvement of the Deposition Process by Pre-Treatment Using Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Endo Akito , Kawashima Norimichi , Takeuchi Shinichi , Ishikawa Mutsuo , Kurosawa Minoru
Published: April 2017

We have studied on hydro-thermally synthesis of Pb(Ti, Zr)O3(PZT)piezoelectric polycrystalline thick film on titanium (Ti) substrate. The purpose of this study is resolving the problems for application of PZT hydrothermal polycrystalline thick film to the ultra miniature high frequency medical ultrasound array probe. The problems were the existence of pinholes in the deposited PZT film, the rough surface of that, low dielectric breakdown electric field etc. The surface of Ti substrate was pretreated to have hydrophilic property by using high reactivity of hydrogen peroxide for resolving the problems in this study. As results, hydrophilic property on the surface of Ti substrate was improved. Surface of PZT hydrothermal polycrystalline thick film without pinholes and smooth surface of that were obtained. Furthermore, the material properties like density, Young's modulus and piezoelectric constant d31 were increased by the pretreatment of Ti substrate. Consequently, dielectric breakdown electric field of PZT hydrothermal polycrystalline film was improved.
Thin Film Silicon Microbridges for DNA Detection
Authors: Adrega T. , Gaspar J. , Fixe F. , Chu V. , Prazeres D.M.F. , Conde J.P.
Published: April 2017

Thin-film MEMS molecular sensors are fabricated at temperatures below 110°C on glass substrates. The microelectromechanical structure consists of a surface micromachined bilayer bridge of phosphorous-doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon and aluminum with a patterned SiO2 layer on the top. Specific binding of DNA to functionalized SiO2 on the bridge is confirmed using fluorescence microscopy. Microbridges are electrostatically actuated and the resonance frequency measurements are performed in vacuum in the initial state after fabrication, after the chemical functionalization of the SiO2surface and after DNA immobilization. The sensor is able to detect the functionalization molecular layer, the cross-linker molecular layer, and the DNA molecules attached to the surface through a shift in its resonance frequency. The binding of molecules to the surface results in a shift of the resonance frequency due to contributions from surface stresses and mass loading.
Fabrication and Electromechanical Properties of Conductive Polymer Microbridge Actuators
Authors: Zhang Guandong , Gaspar Joao , Chu Virginia , Conde Joao Pedro
Published: April 2017

This paper reports on the fabrication of novel all-polymer microbridge electrostatic actuators based on conductive polymers and using surface micromachining on glass substrates. The electromechanical properties of the microbridges are studied using electrostatic actuation and optical and electrical detection. The pull-in phenomena and a dependence of the bridge deflection with the square of the applied voltage are observed. Compared to the silicon-based microbridges, the polymer structures present higher deflection amplitude for the same applied electrical force. The resonance frequency of the polymer bridges occurs in the MHz range and with quality factors of the order of 100 when measured in vacuum. The mechanical properties of the polymer device are affected by the residual stresses.
Low-cost and Chemical Resistant Microfluidic Devices Based on Thermoplastic Elastomers for a Novel Biosensor System
Authors: Stoyanov I. , Tewes M. , Glass S. , Koch M. , Löhndorf M.
Published: April 2017

Low-cost and chemical resistant microfluidic devices based on thermoplastic elastomers have been fabricated by hot embossing technology. Commercial available thermoplastic elastomer foils based on polyurethane (PU) in a thickness range of 100-600 μm have been used. Prior to the fabrication of the microfluidic devices the chemical resistance of the material against a wide range of standard biological buffer solutions and solvents had been analysed. We created systems of channels, reservoirs and holes for the connections to external capillaries by double-sided hot embossing with an alignment accuracy of +/- 3 micrometer. Closed channel structures were produced by an additional chemical bonding process of the embossed devices with another thermoplastic elastomer foil. The total volume of the fluidic cell was 2 μl/sensor for the use with SAW (surface-acoustic wave) sensor chip and about 0.2 μ/sensor for the impedance sensors. A novel multi-chamber fluidic device was successfully tested for in-situ immobilization of thrombin antibodies and Bovin Serum Albumin (BSA) on different sensor elements of the same sensor chip.
Embedded Piezoresistive Microcantilever Sensors: Materials for Sensing Chemical and Biological Analytes
Authors: Porter Timothy L. , Delinger William , Gunter Robert L.
Published: April 2017

We have used embedded piezoresistive microcantilever (EPM) sensors in the detection of volatile organic compounds, industrial chemicals, and biological molecules. The EPM design incorporates a tiny piezoresistive microcantilever embedded or partially embedded into a material sensing layer. The sensing layer material is chosen so as to react to the desired analyte(s), and undergo a minute volumetric or vertical shift in dimension. In the present paper, we present results on the sensing of various VOC's, vaccinia virus in solution, carbon tetrachloride in vapor, and osmolality in human subjects.
A Systematic Study of the Formation of Nano-Tips on Silicon Thin Films by Excimer Laser Irradiation
Authors: Georgiev D.G. , Baird R.J. , Avrutsky I. , Auner G. , Newaz G. , Tokranova N.
Published: April 2017

Recently, we reported conditions for controllable, direct laser fabrication of sharp conical tips with heights of about one micrometer and apical radii of curvature of several tens of nanometers. An individual cone is formed when a single-crystal silicon film on an insulator substrate is irradiated in air environment with a single pulse from a KrF excimer laser, homogenized and shaped to a circular spot several microns in diameter. In this work, we present a study of the formation of such tips as a function of the laser fluence, the film thickness, and the diameter of the irradiated spot. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the topography of the structures. A simple mechanism of formation based on movement of melted material is proposed. We have also studied structures (nano-ridges) that resulted from irradiation with narrow lines (width of several microns) instead of circular spots.
In-Situ Pretreatment Approach for Surface Deterioration Alleviation Amidst Thermal Desorption of GaAs(100)
Authors: Pun A.F. , Wang X. , Meeks J.B. , Durbin S.M , Zheng J.P.
Published: April 2017

Within this study, a novel in-situ pretreatment is proposed theoretically and demonstrated experimentally, in which the formation of surface pits is subsequently stifled during thermal desorption. The proposed method involves fueling the well reviewed chemical oxide reduction reaction with a segregated source of material other than that ordinarily utilized in pit formation. The proposed method is implementable in virtually all deposition systems subject to the constraints of providing material deposition, substrate heating, and the creation of non-oxidizing environments either via vacuum or inert atmo sphere.
A Wide Band Gap Boron-doped Microcrystalline Silicon Film Obtained with VHF Glow Discharge Method
Authors: feng Zhu , ying Zhao , changcun Wei , xiaodan Zhang , yantao Gao , jian Sun , xinhua Geng
Published: April 2017

A wide bandgap microcrystalline silicon film for the window layer of microcrystalline silicon thin film solar cells was obtained with very high frequency (VHF) glow discharge technology. The material was deposited on corning 7059 substrate at about 170 When H2/SiH4was more than 100, Raman spectra showed that this material was highly crystallized, and no peak correlation with amorphous silicon was observed. This material showed strong n type before any intentional doping. We considered that the unintentional doping of oxygen and unpurified gases. The doping performance of this material was investigated by introducing B2H6into the reacting gas. As increasing the rate of B2H6/SiH4from zero to 0.5%, the conductivity changed from 10-1S.cm-1(n type) to 10-8S.cm-1dramatically and than backed to 10-1S.cm-1(p type), which indicated that this material had excellent doping ability. Raman spectra also showed that the microstructure of these materials did not change obviously in this doping range. We gained the p-uc-Si:H film with thickness less than 30nm, and the conductivity was more than 10-2S.cm-1, and crystalline volume fraction no less than 40%, the Egoptcould be wider than 2.10eV. Using this p window layer in microcrystalline silicon solar cells with no ZnO rear reflection, the conversion efficiency was 8.30% (Voc=0.531V, Jsc=24.66mA/cm2, FF=63.41% ).