bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Source Spectra, Attenuation, and Site Responses from Strong-Motion Data Recorded in the 2019 Changning Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Li Jiangyi , Zhou Bengang , Rong Mianshui , Chen Su , Zhou Yue
Published: February 2020

This study used 306 accelerograms recorded at 22 strong-motion stations to investigate the source parameters, quality factor (Q), and site effects of S-wave Fourier acceleration amplitude spectrum (FAS) of the 2019 MS 6.0 Changning earthquake sequence in China with surface-wave magnitudes (MS) of 4.1–6.0. The generalized inversion technique (GIT) was adopted. The inverted stress drop of the mainshock was 1.15 MPa, and those of the aftershocks varied from 0.11 to 1.04 MPa with an average value of 0.43 MPa. The MS of these earthquakes were larger than Mw with an average magnitude difference of 0.22. The inverted Q values increase rapidly with frequencies at 0.5–4.0 Hz from 62 to 2920 and become less dependent at 4.0–25.0 Hz. Such a phenomenon indicates that the propagation path attenuation mechanism transited to intrinsic at high frequencies. A bilinear Q(f) model for which Q(f)=237.6f1.27 (Q<1280) and Q=1280 at higher frequencies was obtained. The high-frequency attenuation model of the study area was κ=0.0420+0.0001262R. The inverted site responses of the 22 stations were compared with those calculated using the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method. In general, the amplification curves of most stations obtained with the GIT were similar to those of HVSR, and the amplification levels were relatively higher. Contrarily, obvious discrepancies were observed between the results estimated from the two methods at several stations. Such effects were attributed to the limitation that the majority of the stations were distributed along the boundary of the basin and mountainous areas, and the inverted Q values were representative of the specific area rather than the pure basin and mountainous areas. Finally, a nonlinear soil site effect was observed at 51GXT in earthquakes with peak ground acceleration greater than 300  cm/s2. The nonlinearity obviously aggravated the site amplification at 1.0–5.0 Hz.
Asma Anacı Çeliklerinde Kök Oluşum Yoğunluğu Yerlerinin Saptanması
Authors: YENİLMEZ İsmail , CAN Fatime , ÇELİK Salih
Published: February 2020

Bu çalışmada, çeliklerde oluşan köklerin, çeliğin hangi kısmında ve ne yoğunlukta oluştuğu araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca asma anacı çelikleri arasında kök oluşum yoğunluğu açısından bir farklılığın olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Tekirdağ Bağcılık ve Araştırma Enstitüsü’nden temin edilen SO4, 5BB, Lot ve 8B asma anacı çelikleri kullanılmış ve deneme bu enstitüde yürütülmüştür. Çelikler 15 cm sıra arası (SA) ve sıra üzeri (SÜ) mesafe ile hazırlanan derin kum sandıklarına 3 Mart 2017’de dikilmiştir. Yaprak dökümünden sonra 15 Kasım 2017’de köklü çelikler sandıklardan çıkarılıp ölçüm ve sayım yapılmıştır. Gözün solundan, sağından, karşısından ve hemen altından ölçümler yapılmıştır. Dikkate alınan kriterler kök sayısı, uzunluğu, ağırlığı ve kalınlığıdır. Literatürde sıklıkla raslatan tek faktörlü deney tasarımı modelleri yerine iki faktörlü faktöriyel deney tasarımı modeli kullanılmıştır. Böylece hem boğumlar arası farklılıklar hem de anaçlar arasındaki farklılar ana faktörler olarak ele alınabilmiş ve incelenmiştir. Ayrıca iki faktörlü deney tasarımı kullanımı, anaç ve boğum ana faktörlerinin etkileşimlerinin de incelenebilmesini sağlamıştır. Tüm bulgular özet tablolar halinde sunulmuş ve yorumlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; kök sayısı, uzunluğu, ağırlığı ve kalınlığı bakımından boğumlar ve anaçlar arasında istatistiksel farklılıklar olduğu ortaya konmuştur.
Fenoksietanol ve Açlık Süresinin Japon Balığının (Carassius auratus) Taşınmasında Stok Miktarına Etkisi
Authors: YANAR Mahmut , ÖTER Hüseyin Hilmi , EVLİYAOĞLU Ece
Published: February 2020

Bu çalışmada fenoksietonolün juvenil Japon balığında (3.87 g ve 4.05 cm) 30 dakika ve 15 saat süreli uygulamalarındaki optimal doz tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, japon balığının 1 4-1 su ve 3 4-1 oksijen basılmış naylon torbalarda 15 saat taşınmasında, fenoksietanol ve açlık süresinin balığın stok miktarına etkileri belirlenmiştir. Balıkların anesteziye giriş süresi doza bağlı olarak 3 ile 11 dakika, anezteziden çıkış süresi ise 5 ile 15 dakika arasında gerçekleşmiştir. Fenoksietanolün balık üzerindeki anestezik etkisi 100 µL L-1 dozdan itibaren başlamıştır. Derin anestezi için fenoksietanolün optimal dozu, 30 dakika süre için 250 µL L-1, 15 saat süre için 200 µL L-1 olarak bulunmuştur. Balıkların naylon torbalarda taşınmasında 4 gün aç bırakılması, 2 gün aç bırakılmasına göre daha yüksek bir stoklamaya olanak sağlamış (P<0.00), ancak taşıma suyuna fenoksietanol uygulamasının bir etkisi olmamıştır (P>0.05). Açlık süresi, anestezi uygulaması ve stoklama oranları arasında bir intereaksiyon bulunamamıştır (P>0.05). Fenoksietanol kullanmaksızın 4 gün aç bırakılan japon balıklarının oksijen basılmış naylon torbalarda 40, 60 ve 80 adet L-1 stoklama koşullarında sırasıyla, %100, 98.33 ve 91.87 yaşama oranı tespit edilmiştir. Aç bırakılma süresi ve yaşama oranları ele alındığında jüvenil japon balıkları için optimal stoklama oranı litreye 60 adet balık uygun gözükmektedir.
A comparative single dose study of oral acetaminophen 650 mg to its standard 500 mg dose in adult pyrexia patients in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: B. T. Pradeepkumar , C. R. Jayanthi , K. R. Raveendra , Y. S. Ramya
Published: February 2020

Background: Acetaminophen commonly called as paracetamol is the most used ‘over-the-counter’ analgesic for headache, musculoskeletal pain, dysmenorrhoea etc. It is the best drug to be used as antipyretic for fever due to any cause and safest to be prescribed in all age groups. Antipyretic dose of acetaminophen is 325 to 650 mg; 3 to 4 times a day and is available in the strength of 650 mg and 500 mg tablets. This study was conducted to analyse the antipyretic efficacy and safety profile of two different doses of acetaminophen in patients with low grade fever.Methods: 300 hospitalised patients aged more than 18 years, in department of General Medicine, having low grade fever (38º to 39º C) were randomly allocated into two groups of 150 each, group A received 500 mg and group B received 650 mg of single oral dose of acetaminophen tablets. Oral temperature was measured before dosing, 30 minutes after dosing, one hour, two hourlies thereafter for 6 hours after the dose. Safety was assessed by monitoring for adverse effects during the study and 24 hours after administration of the assigned drug.Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in temperature in group B patients from baseline 39.06±0.87º C to 37.02±0.89º C at the end of 6th hour as compared with 39.18±0.80º C to 38.03±0.77º C in Group A patients (p=0.031).Conclusions: Our study concluded that acetaminophen in a dose of 650 mg is highly efficacious antipyretic drug compared to acetaminophen 500 mg with no adverse effects.
A study on the evaluation of drug package inserts: a prospective observational study
Authors: Yuwnate Anita Hiraman , Chakravorty Ananya
Published: February 2020

Background: The package inserts are an important source of information for the patient and the prescribers which are often incomplete in terms of information. Not many of them are patient friendly, usage of technical terms further complicates the scenario amidst inadequate doctor-patient ratio. Aim of the study was to evaluate the completeness of package inserts.Methods: Hundred package inserts were collected from June 2018 to September 2018 from nearby pharmacies and drug store of a tertiary care hospital, Government Medical College, Akola and evaluated in terms of completeness as per guidelines mentioned in the section D of Drug and Cosmetics Act 1945, language used and addressed to whom. Each guideline followed under section D was given a score of 1 and absence 0 depending upon which grouped as Grade A (>15), Grade B (10-15), Grade C (<10). Result was analysed in Microsoft Excel 2010 expressed in percentage and whole numbers.Results: Out of the 100 package inserts evaluated the guidelines like mentioning of special circumstances like pregnancy was present in (98%), undesirable effects in 98%. All of them used English with 3% having combination with regional language, 70% had no mention as to whom it is addressed. Grades allotted after evaluation A, B, C, 24%, 74%, 2%.Conclusions: The present study showed though improvement occurred deficiencies should be corrected and properly scrutinised for better compliance of the patient and effective drug use and to step up the healthcare services in society.
Study on impact of pharmacology teaching on practice of self-medication among MBBS students
Authors: Balan Bhuvaneswari , Bakthavatchalam Sharmila
Published: February 2020

Background: Self-medication is consumption of medicines without consulting a physician. The present study was undertaken to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of self-medication among medical students and to compare impact of pharmacology teaching among them.Methods: A cross-sectional comparative questionnaire-based study was conducted among 200 II MBBS and III MBBS students. Data was collected and analyzed.Results: 90.91% II MBBS students and 85.97% III MBBS students practiced self-medication. The commonest reason cited for self-medication among both the groups was minor ailments and intention to get quick relief. The commonest indication for self-medication was common cold and fever. The commonly used drugs were analgesics followed by cough remedies and antibiotics. Our study showed that the knowledge about generic and trade name, package inserts, course of treatment and adverse effects was more among third year students who had completed pharmacology curriculum. Hence the Pharmacology teaching equips the student with better knowledge to choose a drug for self-medication. Only 4.54% of II MBBS students and 13.79% of III MBBS students agreed on the practice of self-medication. Majority believed that medical education is necessary for better administration of self-medication. Both II and III year MBBS students opine that growing trend of self-medication can be prevented by prevention of supply of medicines without prescriptions and education.Conclusions: Our study shows the positive impact of pharmacology curriculum on the knowledge attitude and practice of self medication among medical students.
A study to assess the knowledge and awareness regarding safe disposal of pharmaceutical wastes among 2nd year medical and para-medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India
Authors: Kachhap Shweta , Singh Gajendra K. , Soreng Emmanuel A. , Beck Rani K. , Kumar Upendra
Published: February 2020

Background: The use of pharmaceutical products in our day to day life is escalating and one cannot deny their presence in every household. Unfortunately not all the medicines that reach our homes get consumed. Unused, unwanted and expired drugs get accumulated over time and are generally disposed along with other household trash thus contributing to environmental pollution. This turns our attention towards the significance of eco-pharmacovigilance. Assessing the level of knowledge and awareness of students under training  as health care professionals  regarding safe disposal of pharmaceutical wastes can help us to partly assess the magnitude of the problem of inappropriate disposal methods and help us to plan and initiate steps to prevent the hazards caused by improper disposal of these items.Methods: A questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted among medical and paramedical students of a tertiary care teaching hospital using a pre-validated questionnaire from previous studies.Results: Majority of the participants were not aware of the possible hazards of improper disposal of pharmaceutical wastes. They expressed the need for awareness programs regarding the subject.Conclusions: The study revealed the practice of drug accumulation at home. The disposal methods opted by the participants were not the recommended methods. There is a need to address this issue through awareness programs at various levels.
Amoxicillin induced toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Narasimha G. Lakshmi , P. Kalpana
Published: February 2020

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare life-threatening adverse drug reaction associated with mucocutaneous eruptions and peeling of skin (sloughing) mostly caused by drugs like sulphonamides, beta lactams, carbamazepine and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Amoxicillin is a broad spectrum, bactericidal, Beta-lactam antibiotic used in treatment of various infections. Here by we have reported the case of amoxicillin induced severe toxic epidermal necrolysis. A Patient admitted in the hospital with the symptoms of epidermal sloughing that resulted in bare dermis as he received Amoxicillin drug for his diagnosis of fever. After clear examination TEN was confirmed and suspected with the cause due to Amoxicillin. The drug was stopped and patient was treated with other drugs for symptomatic cure. The patient was recovered from his condition and improved significantly.
Base excess as a prognostic factor determining the perinatal outcome
Authors: P. Chandrakala , Lysander Shilpa Deborah , . Jayalalitha
Published: February 2020

Background: Umbilical cord blood gas assessment seems to be the most objective determination of fetal metabolic condition at the time of birth and can be used to assess the perinatal outcome of the baby. In the early stage of an impaired placental circulation, hypoxemia and hypercapnia result in a decrease in pH with BD maintained normal (respiratory acidemia), whereas if the hypoxic process develops into a sustained anaerobic metabolism the BD rises secondary to lactic acidosis and consumption of buffer.Methods: Observational study done in KIMS hospital Bangalore, Karnataka, India, in a study period of 18 months on a sample size of 100. Within 30 sec of delivery a segment of umbilical cord was clamped at both ends. Cord blood was collected in heparinised syringe. It was then transported with cold ice packs and blood pH, pCO2, pO2 were measured.Results: In present study, there was a significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of BE, BE being highest in the group without complication. There was a moderate negative correlation between duration of NICU stay (days) and BE (mmol/L), and this correlation was statistically significant. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of BE with the median BE (mmol/L) being highest in the group not requiring resuscitation. At a cutoff of BE (mmol/L) <-17.5, it predicts complications with a sensitivity of 71.4%, and a specificity of 88.2%.Conclusions: Hence cord blood base excess can be used as a prognostic factor in determining the perinatal outcome.
Prevalence of rickets: a clinical study
Authors: Reddy K. Ashwin
Published: February 2020

Background: Rickets is a growing bone disease that is common in children and adolescents. It is triggered by the inability of the osteoid to calcify in a growing individual. Even in countries with ample sun exposure, rickets is a common health problem which leads to frequent morbidities. Inadequate information on its prevalence and risk factors is available. For the study of prevalence and prominence of clinical characteristics of rickets in children aged between 0 - 10 years.Methods: The present research was a cross-sectional analysis. This study was conducted over a period of one year  from June 2018 to June 2019. Department of Pediatrics, Malla Reddy Medical College, Hyderabad, India. This prospective study was conducted on 100 children presenting with signs of rickets in the pediatric department of Malla Reddy Medical College, Hyderabad. The detailed history thorough clinical examination, anthropometric measurements and ratios of each child enrolled in the study was taken. The social and demographic data was also obtained through a structured questionnaire.Results: The prevalence of rickets was found to be more prevalent in males with (70%) than in females (30%). Rickets prevalence was around 46% in the study which is higher compared to other studies. Most of the cases around 85% belonged to the age group of 0-5 years. Rachitic rosaries were the most prominent sign amongst all.Conclusions: Because of its greater prevalence among infants, Rickets continue to be a major health problem. Rachitic rosaries and thickened epiphysis are the most common clinical signs. Since Rickets are a disease which can be prevented, vitamin D should be supplemented.
A clinicobacteriological study of dacryocystitis in children
Authors: Sundari S. Shanmuga , Kontraiandi C.
Published: February 2020

Background: Congenital Dacryocystitis occurs due to the congenital blockage of the nasolacrimal duct, which results from incomplete canalization of the nasolacrimal duct. It is a significant cause of ocular morbidity in children. When not treated early, complications such as recurrent conjunctivitis, acute on chronic dacryocystitis, lacrimal abscess and fistula formation can occur. It is also a threat to the integrity of the eye by becoming the source of infection to orbital cellulitis and panophthalmitis. In the era of antibiotic resistance, the microbiological workup of congenital dacryocystitis is very useful for subsequent treatment. Aim of the study was to determine the microbial profile of congenital dacryocystitis and the appropriate antimicrobial agents based on the sensitivity pattern of the isolated microorganisms.Methods: A total of 25 clinically diagnosed cases of dacryocystitis in children less than 5 years of age attending the outpatient department were included in the study. Samples were collected from these patients and processed by standard microbiological techniques. All the bacterial isolates obtained were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Culture positivity was noted as 56% in this study.  It is observed that Gram-positive bacteria were the predominant isolates of 86%. The predominant organism isolated was Streptococcus pneumoniae 43%, followed by Staphylococcus aureus 29%, Staphylococcus epidermidis 14% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 14%. All Gram-positive organisms were highly sensitive to Gatifloxacin and least sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. All Gram-negative organisms were highly sensitive to Tobramycin and least sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin.Conclusions: Streptococcus pneumoniae was the common pathogen in congenital dacryocystitis. Gatifloxacin and Tobramycin are the most effective drugs. Microbial culture and sensitivity should be performed in all dacryocystitis cases. This would contribute to the choice of appropriate and effective antimicrobial agents.
Blood heavy metal levels in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an unsolved enigma
Authors: Sehgal Rachna , Gulati Sheffali , Gupta Yogendra K. , Sapra Savita , Pandey Ravinder M. , Kabra Madhulika
Published: February 2020

Background: The role of heavy metals in the etio-pathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a burning enigma. The available studies with discordant results are from different geographical localities with different monitoring, regulations and sociocultural backgrounds. The differential association of heavy metals with ADHD severity and phenotypes has not been adequately examined. Also, there are concerns about laboratory quality control. Therefore, the present case control study was formulated.Methods: Thirty children with ADHD diagnosed by DSM IV criteria and thirty group age matched controls were enrolled. Detailed perinatal, past, developmental and possible exposure history to various heavy metals was taken. Severity of ADHD was assessed using ConnersTM Parent reporting questionnaire. Blood level of metals was estimated by inductively coupled plasma- atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).Results: The mean blood lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, zinc were comparable in children with ADHD and group age matched controls. The mean blood lead, mercury and cadmium levels in study population was higher than found in studies from developed countries. Elevated arsenic, mercury and cadmium were found in both cases and controls. Blood zinc correlated significantly with inattention T score and blood mercury with hyperactivity-impulsitivity T score of Conners parent rating scale. Blood cadmium was present in greater proportion of predominant hyperactive-impulsive type patients.Conclusions: Zinc deficiency correlates with inattention; cadmium and mercury toxicity correlate with hyperactivity. Mean blood levels of heavy metals is elevated in a substantial proportion of study population. So, there is an urgent need for sensitization and environmental control.
Can chest x-ray predict pneumonia severity and its outcome in children aged 2 months - 5 years?
Authors: Goyal Dileep K. , Sareen Devendra
Published: February 2020

Background: Worldwide 16% of death in children under the age 5 years is only due to pneumonia every year. Among the diagnostic modality x-ray chest is simple tool to diagnose the pneumonia especially in developing country like in India. Aims of study was to know the incidence of radiologically proven pneumonia and to see the correlation between x-rays findings and clinical severity of pneumonia, so as to predict the severity of pneumonia on the basis of x-ray chest done on first day of hospitalization.Methods: We did the study in department of pediatrics at tertiary care centre, total 150 patients of pneumonia (2 months to 5 years age) enrolled on clinical basis. X-ray chest done in all patients on first contact.Results: Out of 150 patients, 54% of patient having radiologically proven pneumonia while 46% were normal x-ray findings. We found that interstitial pneumonia were more common in younger children, but lobar pneumonia were more common in older children, but in severe and very severe pneumonia cases most common radiologically proven pneumonia were bronchopneumonia in all age group, which was statistically significant.Conclusions: So the basis of start of treatment should be on the clinical background and clinical severity, not only on the basis of x-ray chest findings. Late x-ray films give more chance of positive findings, multilobar infiltration or diffuse heterogeneous opacity in lungs positively correlated with clinical severity and gives idea about course and duration of hospitalization.
Functional outcomes and complications of simultaneous bilateral total hip arthroplasty in Asian population
Authors: Meena Ram Prasad , Shetty Utsav , Bhishnoi Sadaram , Meena Ramkhiladi
Published: February 2020

Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most successful and cost-benefit surgical treatments. However, there are concerns about the safety of the procedure and higher complications. We aimed to evaluate the complications and outcomes of one-stage bilateral total hip arthroplasty (BTHA) with anterolateral approach.

Methods: A total of 24 patients from February 2014 to October 2019 underwent BTHA in Government Medical College and Attached Group of Hospitals, Kota. A prospective analysis of the functional outcomes and complications was performed. All surgeries were performed via anterolateral approach. All patients were followed up till 1.5 years post-operative.

Results: During period of study 16 men and 8 women with a mean age of 40.12±2.52 years at the time of presentation were entered. The mean surgical time was 112±6 mins. The mean hospital stay was 7 days. Hemoglobin level decreased significantly after operation (p=0.046) mean of 10.83±0.3 mg/dl. There was no reported patient with perioperative death, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, infection, dislocation, periprosthetic fracture or heterotrophic ossification. The mean preoperative MHHS score was 45.93±5.33 in patients. MHHS score improved to 92.06±2.47 in the last follow-up (p=0.0001).

Conclusions: Our results recommend the use of one-stage BTHA through anterolateral approach in cases indicating bilateral THA without increase in rate of complications. Functional and clinical outcomes are comparable and hospital stay is significantly shorter.
A comparative study of operative dynamic compression plating versus non-operative management in fracture shaft of humerus
Authors: Gaur Naren , Singh Naveen Kumar
Published: February 2020

Background: Fracture shaft of humerus is among injuries which is commonly seen in clinical practice and frequently seen in polytrauma. Humerus   shaft fractures account for 3% of all orthopedic injuries. Nonoperative treatment had been the mainstay of treatment for fracture shaft of humerus earlier. The association of conservative treatment with some morbidity, complications and prolonged immobilization leads to increase in various operative modalities of management. One of the commonly used operative modality is dynamic compression plating (DCP). In view of above considerations, a study was undertaken at our hospital which aimed to compare non-operative treatment with operative DCP for the management of fracture shaft of humerus. Aims and objectives of this study to compare the results of non-operative versus operative treatment of humerus shaft fracture.

Methods: It was a prospective comparative study. Total 40 patients were taken for this study. 20 patients for operative and 20 patients for non-operative. Functional outcome was measured by the DASH scoring. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Among the 40 patients 14 had excellent results, 12 had good, 8 had fair and 6 had poor results. Functional outcome scores were better for operative group as compared to non- operative group with p<0.0001.  

Conclusions: Dynamic compression plating of humerus is better method than conservative method because it achieves higher union rates.
A study on the efficacy of platelet rich plasma for the treatment of patterned hair loss
Authors: Puri Neerja , Thakur Sushma
Published: February 2020

Background: Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a promising and novel therapy new therapy for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. There are various growth factors in PRP which induce the proliferation of dermal papilla cells.

Methods: We selected twenty-five cases of both male and female pattern hair loss for the study.

Results: Very good improvement was seen in 8 (32%) patients, good improvement was seen in 12 (48%) patients, average improvement, was seen in 2 (8%) and poor improvement, was seen in 3 (12%) patients. Regarding the side effects of PRP, bruising was seen in 2 (8%), pain was seen in 3 (12%). After 4 months of treatment, average hair count increased by 40% and average hair shaft diameter increased by 56%.

Conclusions: PRP is a novel therapy, but is not an evidence-based therapy for the treatment of alopecia.
Psychological Adjustment of Expatriate Children in Cultural Transitions
Authors: Warinowski Anu , Laakkonen Eero
Published: February 2020

The aim of the current study was to define the factorial structure of the psychological adjustment (PA) of Finnish expatriate children (EC) and to construct a model consisting of three child-level variables (age, school success, and attitude toward moving). Survey data concerning Finnish EC (N = 324) who had lived temporarily abroad were gathered from the EC’s parents. The mean age of the children was 4.8 years in the expatriation context and 8.2 years in the repatriation context. PA was examined using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS). Survey data were subject to a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM). A hypothesized two-factor structure (physiological and affective factors) of PA was fitted for the sample using the CFA. A SEM of PA was presented, where the child-level explanatory variables were the age of the child, school success, and attitude toward moving. The main findings were the following: First, there is a two-factor structure of Finnish EC’s PA with both physiological and affective factors. Second, a model of PA with three child-level variables (age, school success, and attitude toward moving) was constructed. The results contribute to the understanding of PA in general and EC’s PA in particular. This study increases our understanding of EC’s PA in unique and novel contexts of dual cultural transitions. This comprehension is important in an increasingly globalized world, especially in clinical and other support contexts, where professionals work for children’s mental well-being.
Factors that Differentiate Preadolescents' Perception-Change of Parental Legitimacy
Authors: Edwards Laura C. , Rodrigues Herbert , Thomas Kendra J.
Published: February 2020

Whether preadolescents perceive their parents’ authority as legitimate or not depends, in part, on the concerns and issues that they have dealt with before and during their preadolescence. Utilizing data from the first and second waves of the São Paulo Legal Socialization Study (SPLSS), we conducted one-way MANOVAs to analyze the role of procedural justice and the impact of victimization on preadolescents’ perceptions of parental legitimacy across domains. Preadolescents were split into four distinct groups based on their perceptions of parental legitimacy and whether the perception shifted across the two waves of data. The study revealed a significant difference across groups in terms of procedural justice and on preadolescents’ reported victimization levels. The latter indicate that suffering some form of victimization may have resulted in delegitimizing parental authority. The findings broaden the literature on parenting practices in preadolescence and make salient an emerging field of victimization impacting parental legitimacy.
Popularity, Gender, and Social Inclusion Among Girls in Ethnically Diverse Contexts in Norway
Authors: Rysst Mari
Published: February 2020

This article discusses the phenomenon of popularity and its implications for gender construction, social inclusion, and gender equality among girls in two ethnically diverse contexts in Norway. At one field site, girls of immigrant origin were a majority, at the other they were a minority. Based on detailed ethnographic methodology and participant observation over time, this study shows that the crucial dimensions of popularity overlap with “economies of dignity” and vary according to whether the ethnic Norwegians are in a minority or majority position. The dimensions of popularity, which include the importance of attracting the male gaze, are connected to consumption. My results suggest that consumption influences girls’ construction of gender, and may have negative consequences for the inclusion of immigrant girls when in a minority, because they often live in low-income families. The article concludes that the overlap between the dimensions of popularity and the tokens of value of the economies of dignity underlines the importance of how power, through popularity, works among children. One implication of this power is that neither ethnic Norwegian girls nor girls of immigrant origin appear to live in a climate of gender equality.
A Voice from the Middle East
Authors: Anati Nisreen
Published: February 2020

This research paper explores the trends of presenting political and social realities in Arabic children’s literature through a content analysis of 26 award-winning Arabic children’s books published between 2011 and 2018 — after the Arab Spring. The origins of Arabic children’s books are first investigated from a number of different standpoints, and are shown to have traditional, religious, and global ties. I also explore the recent rise of interest in creating Arabic literary works for young children. I deduce that the causes of this increase are a cultural reawakening, globalization, and government support and funding. Finally, the 26 children’s books studied show links between the ethnicity of their authors, their dates of publication, and the illustrations and themes that appear in them. This provides support for the idea that Arabic political reality is often reflected in Arabic children’s literature.
Factors that Promote or Hinder a Youth In Care Network
Authors: Keller Amanda , Doucet Melanie , Dupuis Jennifer , Dupuis Jessica , Mann-Feder Varda R.
Published: February 2020

This report describes the evolution of an independent youth-led organization for youth in and from care in Quebec. The emergence of CARE Jeunesse is presented and compared with two other networks in Canada. Factors that promoted and hindered its development are discussed particularly as they apply to issues outlined in the youth engagement literature. The board of CARE Jeunesse, comprising former youth in care, wrote this article with the participation of a university professor who is an adult ally to the alumni of care movement in Quebec. This report is the first publication that provides an account of the processes associated with developing a youth in care network in Canada.
ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ТА ПРАВОВІ ОСНОВИ ДОХОДІВ ІНСТИТУТІВ ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Ткачук Ірина
Published: February 2020

Мета статті — здійснити дослідження правових і теоретичних основ доходів інститутів громадянського суспільства в Україні. Подано авторське розуміння категорії «фінансові ресурси інститутів громадянського суспільства».Розглянуто основні нормативно-правові акти України, що регламентують діяльність неурядових організацій в Україні та надають їм право отримувати доходи з різних джерел. Висвітлено особливості фінансового забезпечення різних видів інститутів громадянського суспільства в Україні. Досліджено наукові підходи до класифікації доходів інститутів громадянського суспільства, на підставі чого сформульовано авторське бачення класифікації джерел фінансового забезпечення діяльності неурядових організацій України. Обґрунтована необхідність об’єднання всіх фінансових надходжень інститутів громадянського суспільства у п’ять великих груп: Власні кошти; Державні кошти; Надходження від благодійності; Надходження від господарської діяльності; Інші надходження, що створює основу для подальших теоретичних і аналітичних досліджень фінансового забезпечення діяльності та розвитку організацій громадянського суспільства в Україні.
ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ОСНОВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОЇ ЗАЙНЯТОСТІ НАСЕЛЕННЯ
Authors: Козьмук Наталія , Решетник Мар’яна
Published: February 2020

З’ясовано, що зайнятість населення є важливим показником соціального прогресу суспільства. Зайнятість населення можна розглядати як сукупністю відносин, пов’язаних із забезпеченням працездатного населення робочими місцями, як безпосередньо процес забезпечення робочими місцями та як відносну категорію, тобто ступінь участі працездатного населення в суспільній праці, яка приносить дохід. Установлено, що з розвитком ринкової економіки і загострення проблем зайнятості у світовій економіці в умовах НТР нетипові форми зайнятості витісняють стандартну зайнятість. Визначено, що на рівень зайнятості впливають як макроекономічні чинники (соціально-економічний устрій, політика держави), так і чинники, які залежать від певного способу, мети форми організації виробництва, рівня розвитку продуктивних сил. Зазначено, що винагорода праці виступає однією з важливих передумов ефективної зайнятості людини. При цьому ефективною може визнаватися зайнятість, яка забезпечує ефективність використання наявних трудових ресурсів та їх найбільш повне залучення у процесі суспільного виробництва, забезпечуючи максимальне задоволення особистих і суспільних потреб населення.
УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ КАПІТАЛУ БАНКІВ УКРАЇНИ НА СУЧАСНОМУ ЕТАПІ
Authors: Грудзевич Уляна
Published: February 2020

Зміни економічної ситуації породжують нові вимоги до регулювання капіталу банків України і впровадження рекомендацій Базельського комітету з банківського нагляду. Проаналізовано дотримання банківськими установами чинних вимог до капіталу і виявлено, що здебільшого вимоги до нормативів капіталу дотримуються, обсяги власного капіталу, статутного капіталу і регулятивного капіталу зростають, а результати стрес-тестування Національним банком України у 2018—2019 рр. вказують на скорочення потреби в капіталі вітчизняних банків. Досліджено нові вимоги Національного банку України: щодо нормативу достатності основного капіталу та адекватності регулятивного капіталу; буферів капіталу; нових капітальних інструментів; зміни структури регулятивного капіталу. Установлено, що їх запровадження гарантуватиме стале економічне зростання без ризиків втрат для бізнесу і домогосподарств, дасть змогу формувати належний запас капіталу, забезпечить поглинання збитків під час поточної діяльності банків, посилить стійкість окремих банків і системи в цілому до можливих шоків.
СУТНІСТЬ ЛІКВІДНОСТІ КОМЕРЦІЙНИХ БАНКІВ
Authors: Путінцева Тетяна
Published: February 2020

Досліджено підходи до визначення сутності ліквідності комерційних банків. Наголошено на значущості забезпечення ліквідності комерційних банків. Проаналізовано і критично оцінено ступінь висвітлення проблематики ліквідності загалом і ліквідності комерційних банків зокрема в економічній літературі. Наведено авторське тлумачення сутності ліквідності комерційних банків. Побудовано класифікацію різновидів ліквідності комерційних банків із використанням загальновживаних і запропонованих автором класифікаційних ознак. Наведено характеристику активів комерційного банку. Розглянуто співвідношення між ліквідністю і платоспроможністю комерційних банків. З’ясовано чинники, що зумовлюють ліквідність комерційних банків, а також питання, пов’язані з банківською ліквідністю: визначено сутність, мету, методи управління та регулювання ліквідності. А також  запропоновано рекомендації управління ліквідністю банку, що забезпечує підвищення ефективності роботи банку. Крім цього, проаналізовано основні теоретико-методологічні особливості управління ліквідністю банків у сучасних умовах. Визначено основні поняття, суть та значення ліквідності для банків, необхідність її регулювання та управління. Розглянуто риси ліквідності з моменту її зародження до сучасного формату. У результаті визначено основні сутнісні характеристики, якими наділена ліквідність. Зазначено основніпринципи, якими має керуватися у своїй діяльності банк, щоб запобігти надмірному підвищенню ризику ліквідності. Підсумовано, що ліквідність комерційного банку здебільшого визначається такими якісними чинниками, як структура і стабільність ресурсної бази.
РОЗВИТОК РИТЕЙЛУ В БАНКІВСЬКОМУ СЕКТОРІ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Сідельник Олена , Кошельник Іванна
Published: February 2020

Досліджено суть ритейлу, обґрунтовано, що банківський ритейл є процесом створення і реалізації доступного, всеохоплюваного та зрозумілого переліку продуктів і послуг, які надає банківська установа для максимального кола споживачів, які мають на меті їх отримати. Визначено, що в сьогоднішніх умовах ефективна діяльність і конкурентоспроможність будь-якого комерційного банку більшою мірою забезпечується впровадженням нових, соціально орієнтованих послуг шляхом розширення сфери ритейлу з використанням інноваційних технологій. Проаналізовано діяльність АТ «Ощадбанк» у сегменті банківського ритейлу. Визначено, що розвиток банківської діяльності в Україні характеризується тенденціями використання цифрових технологій та універсалізації фінансoво-економічних відносин, тому за таких умов перспективними напрямами для подальшого розвитку банківського ритейлу в Україні є: подальше удосконалення дистанційного обслуговування клієнтів; забезпечення цілодобової діяльності контакт-центру банку; підвищення ефективної роботи фронт-офісу за допомогою використання в діяльності системи «єдиного вікна»; партнерство між банківськими установами і ритейл-компаніями. Розвиток зазначених перспективних напрямів дасть можливість у подальшому охопити банківським установам практично усі сфери ринку фінансових послуг.
ТЕOРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ РOЗВИТКУ ПЕРСOНАЛУ
Authors: Жеребило Ірина , Лаврів Христина
Published: February 2020

Присвяченo дoслідженню прoблеми рoзвитку персoналу. Рoзкритo сутність системи, наведено її види і напрями. Визначено, що рoзвитoк персoналу вивчався щодо двoх підхoдів дo визначення йoгo сутнoсті — індивідуальнoї й oрганізаційнoї, з пoзицій яких аналізується цей складний сoціальнo-екoнoмічний фенoмен. З’ясовано, що розв’язання практичних прoблем, пoв’язаних із системoю рoзвитку персoналу, вимагає, перш за все, прoведення ґрунтoвних теoретичних дoсліджень. Розкрито складoві прoцесу рoзвитку персoналу організації, визначено суб’єкт і oб’єкт. Виявлено переваги від наявнoсті системи рoзвитку персoналу в організації. Також у дослідженні наведено структуру цілей і завданьрoзвитку персoналу. З’ясовано, щo метoю рoзвитку персoналу є підвищення йoгo інтелектуальнoгo пoтенціалу за допомогою інвестицій у людський капітал. Проаналізовано взаємoзв’язок системи рoзвитку між персoналoм і стратегією управління кoмпанією. Таким чином, виявлено, що кoжнoму варіантові стратегії управління oрганізації відпoвідає певний варіант стратегії рoзвитку персoналу.
Промежуточные результаты изучения флоры г. Луганска
Authors: Трофименко В.Г. , Соколова Е.И.
Published: February 2020

В работе представлен перечень видов сосудистых растений города Луганска (Украина), составленный на основе собственных материалов полевых исследований 2013–2018 гг., литературных данных и материалов гербарных коллекций. Установлено, что в составе современной флоры Луганска насчитывается 719 видов сосудистых растений из 382 родов, 87 семейств, 4 классов и 3 отделов, что на 228 видов больше, чем указывалось для изучаемой территории ранее. В спектре ведущих семейств первые три позиции занимают семейства Asteracea, Poaceae и Brassicaceae, что соответствует положению данных таксонов в региональной флоре. К наиболее крупным родам флоры Луганска относятся Centaurea, Euphorbia, Potentilla, Artemisia, Viola, Astragalus, Galium, Ranunculus, Silene, Achillea, Veronica и Allium.
Жесткокрылые-нидиколы (Insecta: Coleoptera) в составе гнездовых консорций птиц семейства Дроздовые (Aves: Turdidae) города Москвы
Authors: Сажнев А.С. , Матюхин А.В.
Published: February 2020

В статье приводятся данные о 13 видах жесткокрылых-нидиколов (из 9 семейств), обнаруженных в гнездах двух видов дроздов на территории парковой зоны Москвы. Для каждого вида жука дано краткое экологическое описание. Среди нидиколов выделены облигатные, факультативные и случайные компоненты гнездовых консорций. Обнаружены инвазионные и криптогенные виды жесткокрылых.
Интересные находки булавоусых чешуекрылых (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Киргизии по результатам полевого сезона 2018 года
Authors: Корб С.К.
Published: February 2020

В статье приводятся сведения об интересных находках 6 видов булавоусых чешуекрылых на территории Киргизии по результатам полевого сезона 2018 г.
К 125-летию со дня рождения профессора Ильи Ильича Барабаш-Никифорова
Authors: Аксёненко Е.В. , Гапонов С.П.
Published: February 2020

В статье рассказывается о жизни и деятельности выдающегося советского зоолога, доктора биологических наук, профессора Ильи Ильича Барабаш-Никифорова. Многие факты, приводимые здесь, впервые становятся достоянием широкой публики.
Evolution and Comparison Effects of Fludrocortisone and Betamethasone on Glucose and Lipid Profile in Rats
Authors: Jamshidi Hamid Reza , Naeem Malmir Mohammad
Published: February 2020

Hyperglycemia may associate with improper use of glucocorticoids, impaired insulin function, or both, and is associated with many complications such as hyperlipidemia and Hyperglycemia. Researches suggest that proper use of glucocorticoids can delay the onset and progression of complications of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. In the present study, we compare two of these compounds on glucose and lipid profile level. We use 40 male Wistar rats from the Yazd Animal infertility center. Initially, the rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, and then each group was divided into 4 groups. Subsequently, fludrocortisone doses of 12, 24 and 36 mg/kg were administered to rats, and dosages of 6, 12 and 18 mg/kg for betamethasone administered to rats on a daily basis at 1 o'clock for 21 days by intraperitoneal injection. Betamethasone and Fludrocortisone increased blood glucose and AST, ALT, TG, LDL, VLDL, and decreased HDL, causing red pigmentation in the skin, and obesity and puffiness of the rats. In all of the measured factors, fludrocortisone changes were more than betamethasone. Fludrocortisone and betamethasone also had significant effects on weight, which was more pronounced with fludrocortisone. As the dose increased, the levels of AST, ALT, and cholesterol, TG, VLDL and LDL in the blood increased significantly and HDL levels decreased more in the blood, but fludrocortisone showed a stronger effect than betamethasone. Therefore, it can be expected that the use of Betamethasone would be logical due to fewer side effects than fludrocortisone.
© 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Acta Med Iran 2019;57(8):478-483.
Cyclophosphamide Versus Rituximab in Progressive Forms of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Etemadifar Masoud , Ghourchian Shadi , Mahinparvar Nazanin , Salari Mehri , Etemadifar Fatemeh , Nikanpour Yalda , Sanaei Shahin , Akbari Mojtaba
Published: February 2020

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of rituximab versus Cyclophosphamide on active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). The randomized clinical trial was performed from 2015 to 2017 in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinics affiliated to Isfahan MS society (IMSS). Patients were randomized to two groups, and one of them received Rituximab that was repeated every six months in case of medical indication. The other one received a monthly pulse of methylprednisolone plus cyclophosphamide (Endoxan, Baxter, UK) until two years. Expanded disabilities status scale (EDSS), clinical, and MRI findings were assessed every six months. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. 39 patients in the Rituximab group and 30 in the Cyclophosphamide group with similar age and gender distribution were entered for analysis. At baseline, the mean number of attacks in the Rituximab group was significantly more than the Cyclophosphamide group (P=0.0001). After 6, 12, and 18 months of treatment, the rate of attacks was similar between groups although it increased significantly in the Rituximab group (P=0.030) after 24 months of treatment. EDSS was increased in the Rituximab group more than the other group at the end of the study. Both drugs were well-tolerated by patients. The EDSS was increased in the Rituximab group but the disability score did not worsen in the Cyclophosphamide group. Both therapies were associated with a reduction in disease attacks and improvement in radiologic findings in a two-year period of follow-up.
© 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Acta Med Iran 2019;57(8):484-491.
Relationship Between Serum Iron Profile and Liver Density in Non-Enhanced CT-Scan
Authors: Aziz-Ahari Alireza , Khaleghi Mohammadreza , Farahani Zahra , Samimi Kaveh
Published: February 2020

It is known that liver biopsy is the gold standard of diagnosing liver iron deposition. By considering liver biopsy complication and cost, introducing a method to restrict unnecessary biopsy or even an alternative for liver biopsy can be useful. This study examined the relationship between serum iron profile and liver density on CT-Scan without contrast material injection. In this study, 76 patients were referred from different Rasoul-Akram Hospital parts in 2015-2016 (People who have undergone abdominal CT-scan for any reason, and blood tests included iron and lipid profiles). To calculate the liver mean density of a CT-scan, densities of 12 sites with an individual area of 1 cm2 on 3 different sections of the liver were obtained, and their average was recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS V.16 using Kolmogorov-Smirnov,  independent T-test, and two-sample T-tests with a significance level of P<0.05. There is a significant relationship between the serum iron and serum ferritin levels with liver density. By increasing TIBC levels, the difference between liver and spleen densities increases, but no significant correlation was found between TIBC level and liver density. Moreover, there was no relationship between serum iron levels and serum ferritin with the difference between liver and spleen densities. The evaluation of liver density may be an alternative to liver biopsy in some cases or at least can be considered to restrict unnecessary biopsies.
© 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Acta Med Iran 2019;57(8):499-502.