bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation (EU) 2019/452 and the Foreign Direct Investment Screening Regime in Romania
Authors:   Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Department of Legal Science, Cluj-Napoca, Fegyveresi Zsolt ,   Ferenc Mádl Institute of Comparative Law, Budapest
Published: January 2023

Since 11 October 2020, Regulation (EU) 2019/452 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the screening of foreign direct investment into the EU has been applied in the Member States of the European Union. Although the Regulation is automatically and uniformly applicable in all EU countries upon its entry into force – thus, no transposition into national law is required –, Romania is preparing to adopt legislation to regulate FDI due diligence at national level in line with Regulation (EU) 2019/452, in the absence of an adequate legal framework and for the purpose of implementing the Regulation. In this study, we intend to examine the current legal framework in Romania on FDI and the draft legislation mentioned above, which aims to establish a workable screening mechanism for FDI into Romania.
The Effect of the Principles of International Commercial Contracts on the Hungarian and Romanian Regulations of Representation
Authors:   University of Debrecen, Géza Marton Doctoral School of Legal Studies, Bartis Előd ,   Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Department of Legal Science, Cluj-Napoca
Published: January 2023

The present study seeks to examine the impact of the Principles of International Commercial Contracts on the representation regulations of the Romanian and Hungarian civil codes, which entered into force in 2011 and 2013, to what extent did legislators took into account the results of the Principles, and whether there are any harmonization efforts in relation to these two legal systems. The imputability of the representative’s actions is a central issue in the mechanism of representation, so the analysis necessarily covers the representation concepts of the Principles of International Commercial Contracts and the examined national legal systems.
The Transposition of Directive (EU) 2019/1151 into Romanian National Law
Authors:   University of Debrecen, Géza Marton Doctoral School of Legal Studies, Szendrei Tamás ,   Cluj County Bar Association
Published: January 2023

"Directive (EU) 2019/1151 of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive (EU) 2017/1132 as regards the use of digital tools and processes in company law, which was adopted by the European Parliament on 20 June 2019 and entered into force on 31 July 2019 (hereinafter as: Directive), is the first of two directives in the company law package. Promoting the use of digital tools and processes is the main purpose of the Directive, which involves three main things, i.e. enabling: online filing and accessing of company information, the online formation of certain types of companies, and the online registration of branches. In Romania, the transposition deadline of the Directive has been extended to 1 August 2022, with the authorization of the European Commission. The recent legislative evolution in the field of company law within the Romanian national law gives cause for hope. However, a normative act aiming at the implementation of the Directive into Romanian legislation is still far from completion, so the transposition procedure remains to be an ongoing process. The legislative evolution of the Romanian company law is quite dynamic despite the significant delay in the transposition of the Directive."
Company Law Reflections on Encouraging Long-Term Shareholder Involvement
Authors:   University of Public Service, Faculty of Public Governance and International Studies, Department of Civil Law, Budapest, Papp Tekla
Published: January 2023

In the present study, after a schematic presentation of the theoretical background of the European Union regulation, we examine the Hungarian regulations and legal practice (using the websites of 5 listed Hungarian companies and the BSE CGR) in connection with the identifi cation of shareholders by the company, the verifi ability of the exercise of shareholder’s rights, the remuneration policy and reporting of the public company limited by shares, and the approval of legal transactions concluded with the related party.
The Regulatory Regime for Public Services Provided by State-Owned Companies, with Particular Reference to Control
Authors:   University of Public Service, Doctoral School of Public Administration Sciences, Budapest, Cseh Balázs
Published: January 2023

The system of managing state property and providing public services was renewed after 2010 in Hungary. As a result of the change in the legal environment and the new regulation, the role of state-owned companies has increased. Today, public services can only be provided through publicly owned companies in almost all sectors. The system of public service tasks was also signifi cantly affected by the introduction and expansion of offi cial price regulation. The economic operation and legality of the companies can be examined by inspections. The transparency of the companies is achieved by publishing these audit experiences and reports. In my study, therefore, I rely heavily on practical experience to present the regulatory cadastre.
STUDENTS’ SATISFACTION WITH ONLINE LEARNING EXPERIENCE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: STUDY BASED ON ARABIC COLLEGES IN AMPARA DISTRICT OF SRI LANKA
Authors: SAUJAN IQBAL , MOHAMMED HAZIB ACHCHI MOHAMMED , MOHAMED NAIROOS MOHAMED HANIFFA
Published: January 2023

The purposes of this study are to examine the level of satisfaction among the teachers and students of Arabic Colleges those who were involved and participated in the learning and teaching activities carried out through online learning during the period of restriction due to covid-19 pandemic and also to identify the factors that hindered the process of online education. The number of 270 students were selected from the Arabic Colleges situated in the Ampara district of Sri Lanka those who are currently (2022) pursuing shari’ah education therein and questionnaires were distributed among them. All the obtained data were subjected to the descriptive analysis method with the help of SPSS software (Version-26). According to the results of this study, the teachers (84%) and students (66.6%) have expressed their dissatisfaction with the online education activities carried out during the period of restriction where various factors have contributed to such dissatisfaction. Such as Lack of access to appropriate internet communication devices due to poverty experienced by the family (70.5%), Unable to obtain clarifications regarding the subject matter (59%), Internet tracks (81.6%), Importance provided only for certain subjects (63.3%), lack of payment of incentive as additional allowances for Teachers for the service and utilizing the internet facilities (60%), Dropout rates among students have increased (76%), lack of enough attendance of students (76%). Also, it would be worth notifying at this juncture that both parties are in the mode of reluctant on recommending the trend of online education in the event of such a situation if it will be re-emerging in the future. This study is important in exploring alternatives for the effective implementation of online education in Arabic colleges in the future and the findings of this study can be a remarkable starting point for future researchers and policymakers.
ANÁLISE ESPACIAL E TEMPORAL DO USO E COBERTURA DO SOLO DA MICROBACIA E ZONA RIPÁRIA DO RIO PROFESSOR ELOI, MUNICÍPIO DE SANTA LÚZIA D’OESTE, RONDÔNIA
Authors: Barbosa de Oliveira Bruna , Hell Geisilane , Fulan João Ânderson , Schmidt Cavalheiro Wanderson Cleiton , Stachiw Rosalvo , Souza Figueira Waléria , Volpato Sccoti Marta Silvana , De Almeida Alves Carneiro Kalline , Ruiz Ferreira Karoline , Vendruscolo Jhony
Published: January 2023

O tipo de cobertura do solo influencia na capacidade de infiltração e armazenamento de água do solo, e, consequentemente, na seleção de práticas de conservação dos recursos hídricos, propiciando a manutenção das atividades antrópicas a longo prazo. Neste contexto, objetivou-se com o presente estudo, analisar a dinâmica da cobertura do solo na microbacia e zona ripária do rio Professor Eloi, a fim de disponibilizar informações para a gestão dos recursos hídricos. A análise da dinâmica da cobertura do solo foi realizada com imagens dos satélites Landsat 5 (1984) e Landsat 8 (2022), no software QGIS. A microbacia e a zona ripária têm áreas de 10,28 e 1,25 km2, respectivamente. A área de agropecuária cresceu no período de 1984 a 2022, passando de 1,61 para 9,15 km2 na microbacia (15,66 para 89,01% da área total), e 0,18 para 0,75 km2 na zona ripária (14,4 para 60,0% da área total). Como consequência disso, a área da floresta nativa foi reduzida, chegando a ocupar apenas 10,89% da área total da microbacia e 39,2% da área total da zona ripária no ano de 2022. O espelho d’água foi detectado apenas no ano de 2022 (0,01 km2), provavelmente devido a construção de reservatórios. Conclui-se que é necessário recuperar parte da floresta nativa na microbacia (ex: sistemas agroflorestais e agrossilvipastoris) e em toda a zona ripária para mitigar o impacto das atividades agropecuárias nos solos e recursos hídricos.
Covid-19 Affects The US Economy Uncertainty?
Authors: GÖVDELİ Tuncer , ÖZKAN Tuba , KARAKUŞ Esra
Published: January 2023

The economic and social costs of the COVID-19 pandemic affect society, individual investors, policy makers and all financial market participants. The COVID-19 pandemic has created shock waves in financial markets, as well as commodity prices, including oil, and the real economy. This study analyzes the short-term and long-term relations among the number of total COVID-19 cases, USA stock price index, crude oil price and economic policy uncertainty index for USA, based on daily figures between 31.12.2019 and 30.11.2020. The results of the study indicate that there are short-term and long-term cointegration between economic policy uncertainty index determinants in USA. Long-term elasticities project that a 1% increase in the number of COVID-19 cases would lead to an increase of 0.086% in USA economic policy uncertainty index, and an increase of 1% in crude oil price would lead to a decrease of 0.410% in USA economic policy uncertainty index and an increase of 1% in USA stock price index would lead to a 3.167% decrease in USA economic policy uncertainty index.
Probabilistic Methods for Enhancing Foreground Segmentation of Various Data Model using Big Data Model
Authors: Mahadevi Somnath Namose  , Dr. Tryambak Hiwarkar
Published: January 2023

Some indicators of social and economic health, especially those pertaining to developing countries, can swing wildly. A country's economy might take a hit if major economic indices like commodity prices, unemployment, currency exchange rates, etc., experience significant volatility. Instability in commodity prices is bad for economic development, financial reserves, and income distribution, and it may exacerbate poverty rather than alleviate it. Exports from various countries, including India, are dominated by commodities. The volatility of currency exchange rates has a ripple effect on commodity prices. Economic growth and stability require constant attention to these socioeconomic factors and an awareness of their inherent instability. Decades of research haven't shed any light on the reasons for a socioeconomic index's anticipated time and place fluctuations or the relationships between several indices. Economists can understand and foresee the volatility of social and economic indices with the use of predefined economic models. Traditionally, computational modelling has been the primary method of analysis for computer scientists when dealing with structured time series data. A rare opportunity to examine socioeconomic fluctuations has arisen because to the rapid expansion of unstructured data streams on the web and the development of cutting-edge computational linguistics algorithms during the past decade.
Review Paper on Marine Pollution and its Removal
Authors: Mr. Aniket Roman  , Mr. Prashant Patil  , Mr. Omkar Khare  , Mr. Sushant Jagdale  , Prof. Ms. K. K. Jadhav  , Prof. R. N. Salunkhe
Published: January 2023

The oil pollution caused by ship transport mainly includes two categories the first is the pollution caused by normal navigation, eg: cabin bilge water, oil tanker ballast water, washing water and so on. The second category is due to shipping accidents, eg: oil spill. Among all types of marine pollution, oil pollution should be said that the most serious. Because oil is difficult to volatile, making the oil on the sea to form a terrible oil film, resulting in a series of serious consequences. Oil as the basis of industry, it can’t be replaced for industry, the oil bring us a lot of convenience in production and life, but also brought the significant pollution to the environment, especially the marine environment, and now, oil Pollution has become one of the most important causes of marine pollution
Establishing the Validity and Reliability of the LOCUS Assessments
Authors: Jacobbe Tim , delMas Bob , Hartlaub Brad , Haberstroh Jeff , Case Catherine , Foti Steven , Whitaker Douglas
Published: January 2023

The development of assessments as part of the funded LOCUS project is described. The assessments measure students’ conceptual understanding of statistics as outlined in the GAISE PreK–12 Framework. Results are reported from a large-scale administration to 3,430 students in grades 6 through 12 in the United States. Items were designed to assess levels of understanding as well as components of the statistical problem solving process as articulated in the GAISE framework. We discuss details of how the model used to develop the LOCUS assessments guided the gathering of evidence for validity and reliability arguments. Three types of validity evidence are presented: Validity Evidence via Evidence-Centered Design, Validity and Reliability Evidence via Item Analysis, and Validity Evidence via Item Calibration.
Analisis keuntungan pengrajin anyaman tikar di Gampong Pante Paku Kecamatan Jangka Kabupaten Bireuen
Authors: Mafza Mafza , Elfiana Elfiana
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa besar keuntungan pengrajin anyaman tikar di Gampong Pante Paku Kecamatan Jangka Kabupaten Bireuen..  Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Gampong Pante Paku Kecamatan Jangka Kabupaten Bireuen. Dari hasil penelitian bahwa usaha kerajinan anyaman tikar di Gampong Pante Paku Kecamatan Jangka Kabupaten Bireuen memberikan keuntungan kepada pengrajin dengan rata-rata keuntungan yang diperoleh oleh setiap pengrajin yaitu tergantung pada jumlah produksi dan biaya yang dikeluarkan. Rata-rata keuntungan pengrajin tikar di Gampong Pante Paku Kecamatan Jangka Kabupaten Bireuen diperoleh sebesar Rp. 3.395.917-/tahun. Keutungan tersebut diperoleh dari hasil pengurangan antara penerimaan Rp. 8.080.000,- dengan biaya produksi Rp. 4.684.083,-/tahun. Nilai B/C Ratio membuktikan bahwa B/C > 0 yaitu 0,72, maka usaha kerajinan anyaman tikar di Gampong Pante Paku Kecamatan Jangka Kabupaten Bireuen memperoleh keuntungan sebesar Rp 72,- pada setiap penambahan modal Rp 100,-.

Kata Kunci: Analisis Keuntugan dan Pengrajin Anyaman Tikar
Deconstructing the European Commission's Discource on Serbia's Accession Process
Authors: Aune Anders
Published: January 2023

This article enquires into the evolution of the European Commission’s discourse with respect to rule of law, corruption and media development in Serbia during period 2010–2021. The study performs a critical discourse analysis with use of discourse historical approach on the annual progress reports published by the European Commission. The study uncovers that the progress reports shows patterns of both continuity and change. The topics and subtopics related to rule of law, corruption and media represents large patterns of continuity. Some new topics, mostly negative ones, have arisen during the period, but the criteria and form of evaluation seems stable. The intensification strategy in the discourse the last four years seems not to be enough to transform the EU accession process, and it seems that Serbia lacks motivation on their road to accession.
Estudio de factibilidad de un centro de enseñanza del español para extranjeros anglosajones. Cuenca, Ecuador
Authors: Mogrovejo-Lazo Alberto , Calle-Castro Aida Karina , Campos Johanna
Published: January 2023

Desde los años 90 en el Ecuador se ha dado un fenómeno de migración de ciudadanos anglosajones y europeos, por su clima, naturaleza y ser considerado un país “tranquilo”. Estos migrantes se han asentado de manera particular en la ciudad de Cuenca, posicionándose entre las urbes sudamericanas preferidas por los turistas y anglosajones para vivir sus jubilaciones; además, el crecimiento económico y turístico de la ciudad la hace atractiva para la inversión extranjera; sin embargo, no existe oferta de enseñanza del idioma español, esencial para los extranjeros que residen en la ciudad y para los turistas estacionales. Situación que motivó esta investigación descriptiva con enfoque cuantitativo, con el objetivo de analizar la factibilidad de la creación de un centro de estudio de enseñanza del español para extranjeros anglosajones. En tal sentido se utilizaron los métodos de investigación: revisión documental, analítico-sintético y estadísticos; así como la técnica de encuesta, la que se aplicó a una muestra de 61 extranjeros anglosajones. Los resultados determinan que se trata de un proyecto viable por sus índices financieros, valor actual neto de US$70.923; una tasa interna de retorno del 102%; un beneficio/costo del US$3,34 y PE o la recuperación de la inversión en 1 año
Pensamiento geográfico, método para orientar la educación geográfica en el bachillerato
Authors: Moreno-Hernández Mikel , Abel-Artiles Jorge , López-Felipe Yamilet
Published: January 2023

Educar geográficamente es una tarea imprescindible, que ha estado en el centro de la asimilación cultural de los seres humanos de todas las épocas; a pesar de los avances de la civilización, el estudio del espacio geográfico y su apropiación para desarrollar la actividad social sigue siendo esencial en el presente y el futuro. En el artículo se reflexiona sobre los retos de la enseñanza de la Geografía y sus aportes al mejoramiento de la actividad cognitiva. El trabajo se orienta a ofrecer un método como vía para desarrollar el pensamiento geográfico. El diseño metodológico cualitativo seguido, utiliza la investigación-acción en tres ciclos de trabajo: análisis de la práctica, reflexión sobre la teoría, y construcción de una propuesta metodológica derivada de la extracción de las experiencias pertinentes. Como principal resultado se describe un método que integra los principios de localización, integridad, evolución y escala geográfica, así como un procedimiento para el trabajo con las regularidades geográficas; siendo este una solución para dirigir desde la educación el proceso de desarrollo del pensamiento geográfico, a la vez que abre diversas posibilidades como camino metodológico para impulsar la acción educativa respecto al espacio geográfico.
Mudanças socioculturais do subgrupo etnolinguístico Mundimba, Município de Cahama, localidade de Kakuio,Província do Cunene.
Authors: Rad-Camayd Yohandra
Published: January 2023

El presente estúdio descritivo com enfoque quantitativo tiene por objectivo analisar lós câmbios socioculturales experimentados por el subgrupo etnolingüístico Mundimba em el município de Cahama em lá localidade de Kakuio, província de Cunene; para elo se utilizaram lós métodos de investigação científica: revisão bibliográfica, etnográfico, histórico-lógico y estadístico; asi como lá técnica de encuesta. Entre los principales resultados se tiene que los cambios en los patrones de comportamiento (hábitos, costumbres y tradiciones) que este grupo ha ido sufriendo están dados por el proceso de socialización y, en cierto modo, por las altas tasas de movilidad social desencadenadas por la creciente índice del éxodo rural. Dicho proceso es responsable de la diversidad que se traduce en formas de pensar, sentir y actuar y, al mismo tiempo, en la pérdida o alteración de rasgos o elementos identitarios de ese pueblo.
Discalculia en estudiantes de 5to. Grado. Escuela “Cleopatra Fernández de Castillo”, Machala, Ecuador, 2020-2021
Authors: Balarezo Ochoa Manuel Ignacio , Árizaga González Alexandra Graciela , Román Freire John Francisco
Published: January 2023

La enseñanza de las matemáticas constituye un desafío para todo docente, más cuando entre sus alumnos existen discalcúlicos, trastorno que se presenta con frecuencia. Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de diagnosticar el tratamiento didáctico-metodológico que se lleva a cabo en el 5to. Grado de la Escuela de Educación Básica “Cleopatra Fernández de Castillo” de la ciudad de Machala, durante el periodo 2020–2021.  En tal sentido se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo, fundamentado en los métodos: observación no estructurada, revisión documental, analítico-sintético, estadístico, criterio de expertos y triangulación de datos. Entre los principales hallazgos se encuentran que los docentes de la muestra no poseen un completo conocimiento sobre las estrategias metodológicas para atender a los escolares discálculos, aunque reconocen la resolución de problemas matemáticos como una de ellas. Las discalculias más frecuentes son la léxica, la verbal y la practognóstica en ese orden.
Propuesta metodológica para control de la preparación somática y física en alumnos de atletismo
Authors: Portuondo Fernández María Elena , Mendoza Díaz Jacinto Enrique , Rodríguez Despaigne Abel , Vicente Figueroa Henrry Osvaldo
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de la presente investigación cuasi-experimental es diseñar una propuesta metodológica para perfeccionar aspectos neurofisiológicos en el área de atletismo relacionados con indicadores somáticos y físicos, implícitos en el proceso didáctico de control para la preparación técnica de los alumnos del atletismo comprendidos en las edades 13 y 14 años de la Academia Provincial de Atletismo en Santiago de Cuba como vía para mejorar los resultados deportivos y el nivel en el desempeño del profesor. Entre los métodos utilizados están los teóricos (sistémico-estructural-funcional, análisis-síntesis y hermenéutico) y empíricos (observación científica y medición), así como las técnicas de entrevista y encuesta. La aplicación de la propuesta metodológica contribuyó a perfeccionar capacidades y habilidades; además, de mejorar el resultado deportivo de los alumnos de la disciplina atletismo. La lógica del nivel técnico se fundamenta en la práctica de las habilidades como sistema, aspecto importante para alcanzar el resultado final.
Vulnerabilidad física estructural de Unidades Educativas ante la amenaza de sismos
Authors: De Mora-Gaibor María de Lourdes , Vallejo-Ilijama María Transito , Pazmiño-Zabala César
Published: January 2023

Las instalaciones educativas tienen un papel fundamental antes, durante y después de la ocurrencia de un fenómeno natural; por lo que se hace indispensable la evaluación de la vulnerabilidad física estructural de la edificación para en consecuencia saber cómo actuar y hacer frente a un evento sísmico. Esta investigación descriptiva y transversal tiene por objetivo evaluar la vulnerabilidad física estructural de las unidades educativas del cantón San Miguel en Ecuador ante la amenaza de sismos. La evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica se realizó siguiendo la metodología de evaluación técnico visual propuesta por la Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, FEMA-15. Se determinó el índice y el nivel de vulnerabilidad, encontrándose que, la Unidad Educativa 24 de mayo presentó un valor de 4.4 y 15,4, al igual que la Unidad Educativa 10 de enero (vulnerabilidad leve); con un valor entre a 16,6 y 28,3 (vulnerabilidad moderada), la Unidad Educativa Ángel Polibio Chaves y Unidad Educativa Fiscomisional San Miguel respectivamente.
National Wars
Authors: Carté Katherine
Published: January 2023

This chapter traces the process through which religious leaders on both sides of the Atlantic arrived at a place where they saw their own nations as fighting on the just side, a process that lasted until the end of 1776. In the conflict's early months, American religious leaders—moderate Anglicans most prominent among them—tried to chart a path toward peace through the protestant languages that had united the empire in the past, while Scottish presbyterians raised tentative protests against British policy and politically-minded religious leaders debated the conflict in partisan terms. After the Declaration of Independence made American independence the explicit goal of the revolt, however, the two sides moved apart.
Transforming Religious Establishments
Authors: Carté Katherine
Published: January 2023

The American Revolution transformed religious establishments on both sides of the Atlantic as well. In Britain, the loss of the colonies triggered a new era in Anglican-dissenting relations and an effort to secure the remaining empire through the Church of England. In the United States, the end of Britain's mixed establishment was felt primarily at the state level, where states first attempted to, and then gave up on, defining the boundaries of acceptable Protestantism. The American national settlement was quite different. The framers of the Constitution did not seek to create ties to protestant institutions. However, as religious leaders continued to imagine their national polity in religious terms, the disjuncture between legal realities and the articulations of religious leaders set the stage for enduring conflicts.
Ancestors
Authors: Smethurst James
Published: January 2023

This chapter traces the long foreground of radical Black art and African American cultural institutions in the South from the New Negro Renaissance in the 1920s through the Left political and cultural milieu of the 1930s and 1940s to the Civil Rights upsurge of the 1950s and early 1960s. This period saw the growth of Black or interracial community-based cultural institutions often affiliated with Popular Front political organizations, such as the People’s Theaters of Richmond and New Orleans, as well as the emergence of historically Black colleges and universities as centers of socially-engaged art. The first chapter also takes up the ways in which the new Civil Rights movement, especially the Black student movement and emergence of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in the early 1960s, refocused the attentions of Black artists and intellectuals on the South in a positive way, energizing and activating those who had long remained in the South, both on the historically Black campuses and in the community, as well as bringing South (or in some cases bringing back South) younger, and not so young, cultural and political activists who began to found new Black arts institutions or revitalize old ones.
Black Arts, Black Studies, Black University
Authors: Smethurst James
Published: January 2023

Chapter Four, too, looks at the connection between Black Arts and Black Power on campuses, primarily those of HBCUs, and communities of the urban South in Washington, D.C., Nashville, and Durham, Winston-Salem, and Greensboro, North Carolina. It examines the central role of the arts in the emergence of Black Studies and notions of the “Black University” that found fertile ground in the cities of the Upper South. While the attempts to create Black universities failed, they created a legacy and a network of Black educational and arts projects that continue to this day in such institutions and events as the National Black Theatre Festival, founded by Larry Leon Hamlin of the National Black Repertory Theatre in Winston-Salem in 1989.
Conclusion
Authors: Smethurst James
Published: January 2023

The conclusion chronicles the contradictory decline of Black Arts in the South organizationally and the persistence of its influence. This decline issued largely from the conflicts that plagued the national organizations and networks of Black Arts and Black Power and cuts and changes in funding for the arts on the national and local. Yet in other ways, the impact of many of the initiatives of Black Arts in the South and much of its grassroots constituencies survived to an extent unmatched anywhere in the United States, doing much to transform the South from a comparative backwater of the art world in the U.S. to a dynamic hub. The conclusion ends with a meditation on the southern Black Arts movement and the physical destruction of southern Black neighborhoods and the impact of that destruction on cultural memory.
Inside the Walls of Childhood
Authors: Webster Crystal Lynn
Published: January 2023

The second chapter explores Black children’s institutionalization in the antebellum North and exposes their treatment within institutions that were administered by humanitarian reformers. It focuses on the physical construction of these institutions and the threats children faced as physical renditions of Black childhood simultaneously excluded and confined African American children within restrictive, often dangerous, boundaries.
Introduction
Authors: Janney Caroline E.
Published: January 2023

Most works on the Civil War end at Appomattox. This book begins at Appomattox and traces the unintended consequences of the surrender and its terms.
Men on Parole Are Bound in Honor
Authors: Janney Caroline E.
Published: January 2023

On April 26, Johnston finally surrendered the Army of Tennessee to Sherman. Now men from both Lee and Johnston's army drifted across the former Confederacy. Some remained intent on waging the war while others some were being detained by Union authorities. Even more disturbing, reports had surfaced that a Democratic congressman from Maryland, Benjamin G. Harris, had paid two paroled Confederates to continue making war against the United States.
Southbound
Authors: Janney Caroline E.
Published: January 2023

Late into April and early May, thousands of Lee's paroled men who had left Appomattox persisted in their journeys home. Some clambered aboard trains, others crowded onto steamers, still others walked. Most struggled for basic necessities of food and shelter, but some faced the prospect of passing through hostile Unionists regions, or worse, of being detained by Union authorities. To a man, they worried about how their families might receive them and what life after the army would bring.
In the Belly of the Beast
Authors: Nabhan-Warren Kristy
Published: January 2023

This chapter provides a detailed and vivid description of the inside and innerworkings of Iowa Premium Beef processing plant. The author intends for the reader to smell, hear, see, and feel what it is like to be inside a modern-day slaughterhouse and to imagine themselves inside the plant. It is bloody, loud, and fast-moving inside the plant. The descriptions are based on the authors immersive fieldwork in the processing plant.
The Excitement at Boggy Swamp
Authors: Bernath Michael T.
Published: January 2023

Michael T. Bernath examines an incident of mob action against two northern teachers in South Carolina following John Brown’s raid in 1859. At the time, “the excitement at Boggy Swamp” attracted national attention, and historians since have cited it to show the anti-abolitionist hysteria that swept the South. On closer inspection, however, there was something strange about what happened at Boggy Swamp. Those who demanded the expulsion of the teachers were primarily non-enslaving yeomen and they were resisted, by force of arms, by the enslaving planters who employed the teachers. What the excitement at Boggy Swamp and the war of words that followed truly revealed were the ways in which sectional tensions could be exploited in the service of class conflict and pre-existing personal animosities. The controversy hinged upon the unique place that northern teachers occupied within antebellum southern society. Given their attachment to powerful enslaving families, teachers enjoyed a certain degree of protection, except at moments like these when sectional hostilities permitted others to target them as proxies for their wealthy patrons, all in the name of southern rights and the protection of slavery. What appeared to be a conflict between insiders and outsiders was in fact a complicated internal struggle with far deeper roots than Harpers Ferry.
Southern Literature and the Anthropocene
Authors: Taylor Melanie Benson
Published: January 2023

Southern studies’ hesitancy to engage with conversations about the Anthropocene presents something of a paradox, Melanie Benson Taylor writes, given the region’s long heritage of both large-scale agribusiness and ecological stewardship, and especially given its deeply rooted, passionate investments in championing or descrying development and disaster in turn. Especially when we consider that the Anthropocene itself is, like any other scientific paradigm, a new narrative that simply recalibrates prevailing assumptions about geologic time, then few disciplines other than literary studies seem better suited to grapple with the imaginaries produced in the wake of anthropogenic crisis. And among the nation’s regions, the South is uniquely poised to offer a productive complication, not just an echoing, of Anthropocene discourse, as the work of Alabama Creek poet Janet McAdams suggests. In the South, the terrors of “slow violence”—a term coined by Rob Nixon to describe the accretive, invisible effects of climate change, man-made disasters, and “natural” catastrophes on the world’s poor and marginalized—have widespread applicability. In the startling interplay among the region’s polarized but analogous groups, the real complexities and challenges of the Anthropocene, and the future of southern thought, may well lie.
History, Hollywood, and a Theologian Out of Season
Authors: Givens Terryl L.
Published: January 2023

England had a successful stint as a researcher at the LDS historical department, worked for Leonard Arrington on a Brigham Young biography, and on a movie script for Philip Yordan (released as the unsuccessful “Brigham” in 1977). Meanwhile, he sought to find a more meaningful future after the rejection from BYU employment, his real aspiration. With colleagues, he began to plan bold initiatives in building the tradition of Mormon intellectual history, but the lines between theology and doctrine were blurry and lightning rods for conflict with the institutional church. An astute observer, he recognized and criticized a church drift toward evangelical thought and wrote increasingly controversial essays.
Crossing Jordan Brigham Young University at Last
Authors: Givens Terryl L.
Published: January 2023

After removing himself from an editorial role in Dialogue, England secured employment in the English department at BYU. His major critic emerged as the influential Boyd K. Packer, even as England worked to cultivate relationships with several apostles. Progressives founded the “new Mormon history” while many voices were blacklisted. England created the Association of Mormon Letters, a precursor to Mormon Studies.
Fraying of the Fabric
Authors: Givens Terryl L.
Published: January 2023

England found it increasingly difficult to keep silent in the face of what he saw as misguided statements by the leadership—especially McConkie. In the orthodox environment of BYU, students occasionally complained to the administration about England’s heresies, worsening his standing. He tried to push BYU’s leadership toward greater intellectual freedom and tolerance unsuccessfully. He continued to affirm the orthodox core of his faith, writing about the Book of Mormon and lived religion. However, his lack of tact and gadfly behavior—combined with provocative forays into speculative theology—widened the breach with both the church and the university leadership.
Introduction
Authors: Roth Tanya L.
Published: January 2023

The introduction establishes the argument that women’s integration into the US military after World War II began a process of redefining equality. Additionally, this use of womanpower during the Cold War created the foundation for women’s service today. The introduction situates the argument in the context of other histories of women, feminism, and of the US military. The introduction also provides definitions of important concepts such as gender difference and gender sameness.
You in the Service
Authors: Roth Tanya L.
Published: January 2023

Once women had joined the military, training played a crucial role in turning them into servicewomen. This chapter examines how military training acclimated servicewomen to the military and to their new jobs. At the most basic level, military training taught women about the military and their jobs. Women’s training also included additional components men did not have. In particular, servicewomen’s training emphasized personal development, the details of how servicewomen should dress themselves and maintain their personal appearance. Thus, servicewomen’s training emphasized the importance of gender performance. This ensured women understood their place in national defense and helped show Americans that proper gender roles were a vital part of womanpower. Even in the military, servicewomen were ladies above all else.
Violent Denial in Post-Emancipation Households
Authors: King Amy K.
Published: January 2023

This chapter examines a wide variety of post-emancipation settings and contexts to determine how texts do or do not counter popular narratives about employers and domestic servants. The chapter first shows how some popular narratives privilege sentimental notions of “sisterhood.” Such narratives silence the experiences and viewpoints of women of color to center the (supposed) “goodness” of white women. Furthermore, the chapter questions the efficacy of narratives that decontextualize violence between women in post-emancipation settings. Specifically, the chapter explores how Ellen Douglas’s novella Hold On (1963), Toni Morrison’s novel Tar Baby (1981), and the novel and filmic legacy of Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea (1966, 1991, 1993, and 2006) reveal or obfuscate social realities in the moments of violent touch between women. This chapter thereby counters two persistent lies: first, popular narratives that deny white women’s violence against Black women in post-emancipation households; and second, popular narratives that frame such violence (if it appears in a text) as exceptional to places and peoples via stereotypes (i.e., it only happens in “the South” or “the Caribbean”).
Hereditary Greatness
Authors: Morgan Francesca
Published: January 2023

This chapter on Native American, African American, and Jewish genealogy practices that predated the 1960s uses intersectionality theory to parse the social and class advantages that genealogists from each of these communities possessed, such as higher education, social connectedness, the ability to assimilate, and non-enslaved free Black people in one’s ancestry (for African Americans), which set them apart from others in their communities. However, the era’s Jim Crow racism, racial anti-Semitism, and wars of dispossession and assimilation against Indigenous people, reduced the importance of intracommunity divides in the eyes of Indigenous, Black, and Jewish genealogists (generally working apart from each other), who saw themselves as working in defense of their entire race or faith. People in each of these groups founded hereditary organizations (such as the Society of Descendants of New England Negroes in 1930) and published reference books, such as Rabbi Malcom Stern did on Early American Jews (1960).
There Has Not Been Such a Book
Authors: Morgan Francesca
Published: January 2023

Ethnic, racial, religious, and class diversification among genealogists that occurred before the journalist Alex Haley published his family history entitled Roots (1976) aided his own research on this project about African, enslaved, and free Black forebears. Ongoing diversification also helped account for Roots’s ensuing popularity. Civil rights reforms, decolonization around the world, and dropping costs and rising speed of travel in the 1950s and 1960s all helped popularize Roots later on, as did the civil rights figure Pauli Murray’s own family history, Proud Shoes (1956). Social history on and off campus expanded interest in the study of working people, poor people, and other overlooked social groups. Social history walked hand in hand with the 1970s ethnic revival and subsequent diasporic tourism, in which ethnic minorities repudiated pressures to assimilate into Anglo-white ways and newly cherished their ancestors’ home countries. Alex Haley’s Roots and his lecture tours beforehand fell on ears that were already keenly listening for his messages.
The New Deal Comes South
Authors: Link William A.
Published: January 2023

After 1938, Graham became increasingly interested and involved in social justice. The organization in late 1938 of the Southern Conference for Human Welfare meant the development of a new, national organization explicitly supportive of the New Deal. The SCHW brought together union activists, African Americans, political figures, and other supporters of the New Deal in the South
Felons And Outlaws
Authors: Foote Lorien
Published: January 2023

After Maj. Gen. David Hunter recruited Black men from the Sea Islands to be Union soldiers and Maj. Gen. John Pope issued orders that targeted the morale and resources of the citizens of Virginia, Confederate President Jefferson Davis issued a retaliation proclamation declaring Union officers to be felons unworthy of treatment as prisoners of war. Robert Gould Shaw, an officer in Pope’s army, exemplified the belief that civilized warfare controlled and disciplined soldiers to minimize violence. When the Confederacy reserved Pope’s officers for hanging in Libby Prison, US general-in-chief Henry Wager Halleck adjusted US policy in Virginia. In the Department of the South, activist anti-slavery Federal commanders deployed the Black 1st South Carolina on raids to liberate slaves and destroy local resources. Susie King Taylor represented the connection between the regiment and the local Black community. Confederate Secretary of War James A. Seddon ordered the summary execution of Black men captured in Federal uniform.
Jan Ellen Lewis Historian and Writer
Authors: Gordon-Reed Annette , Onuf Peter S.
Published: January 2023

The essays in this volume show Jan Ellen Lewis at the height of her powers as a writer and a historian. She was a historian of the period she studied, not a specialist in the history of gender, or emotions, or political culture and practice, or the Constitution. She listened carefully and sympathetically to her subjects, weaving fragmentary evidence into the stories they told—or sometimes, more revealingly, could not or would not tell about themselves. Lewis’s treatment of Thomas Jefferson, and his relations with his family, best exemplifies her approach. The essays collected here offers an elegant—and eloquent—introduction to the history of the early American Republic. Whether writing about the histories of gender and emotion in early American history, or about the status of women under the Constitution’s Three-Fifths Clause, or about Jefferson and his family, or about Sally Hemings, Jan Ellen Lewis enables readers to grasp what it must have been like to be alive at the beginning of the new nation’s history.
Contemporary Usage of Riddles in Lithuania
Authors: Kensminienė Aelita
Published: January 2023

This empiric study surveys the existence of riddles and akin phenomena during the recent decade – both in written and oral, passive and active forms. The material includes schoolbooks and collections that publish riddles and have seen several editions in recent times; therefore, the survey embraces a longer period, reaching back to the restoration of Lithuanian independence. Material for the study also includes periodicals, internet sites and social media, as well as works by professional artists, advertisements and other media forms using classical riddles, their fragments, remakes and new compositions. Although recordings of the traditional folklore have almost ceased, the classical riddles retain their audience. They are frequently used in altered forms, but most of their functions are nevertheless preserved. The cases that are most similar to the traditional usage of riddles can be found in the virtual space – like Facebook. There is a tendency to adapt the old riddles to the modern realities; this is often tinted with political satire. The function of testing the participants’ knowledge and dexterity is readily visible in the context of “brain-battles” arranged by various bars and cafés, radio and TV programs, quizzes, contests, and internet. The traditional riddles, their fragments or newly created riddles that follow the typical riddle structure are willingly used as article captions, introductions, or image underlines. It is notable that people sometimes use riddles as indisputable facts or conveyors of the folk wisdom.

This short survey could be regarded as a prelude to the comprehensive research into the contemporary riddles, which aims at finding out whether riddles and their performance exist nowadays as a phenomenon deserving scholarly attention.
“Since Then, People Started Thinking about This Mountain in a Different Way”. From Jonas Kumetis’ Memories about the Veliuona Hillforts.
Authors: Daugirdaitė Vilma
Published: January 2023

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SISTEMA DE CONTROL GERENCIAL EN PYMES Y SU POTENCIAL PARA EL APRENDIZAJE ESTRATÉGICO. ESTUDIO DE CASO DE EMPRESAS FAMILIARES ARGENTINAS
Authors: Scoponi Liliana , Casarsa Fabiana
Published: January 2023

En los últimos años, la literatura en control gerencial incorporó a la perspectiva tradicional de brindar información formal y financieramente cuantificable, medidas no financieras y controles informales, interesándose en comprender cómo se utilizan en diferentes tipos organizacionales. El estudio examina el grado de adopción y formalidad de instrumentos del Sistema de Control Gerencial (SCG) en pequeñas y medianas empresas (PyMEs) familiares que puedan favorecer el aprendizaje organizacional para su continuidad. Se apoya en el modelo de Malmi & Brown (2008), que concibe al SCG como un paquete integrado por controles formales e informales, complementado con la propuesta de palancas de control de Simons (1995). Bajo una metodología cualitativa de casos múltiples, se analizaron empresas argentinas concesionarias de marcas automotrices que experimentaron cambios en la contabilidad de gestión inducidos por demandas de sus terminales. Se observó que priorizan la planificación a corto plazo, con un enfoque táctico. Aplican frecuentemente controles culturales y administrativos, avanzando en controles cibernéticos de costos e indicadores con distinto grado de formalización e isoformismo. Los controles de recompensa no son utilizados. El SCG se emplea como control diagnóstico e incipientemente como control interactivo, afectando la renovación de estrategias y viabilidad de largo plazo.
COVID-19 and its impact on higher education: Romanian university students’ satisfaction with online learning
Authors:   “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania, Kutasi Réka
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the closure of educational institutions across the world since it put academic teaching in danger. Most educational institutions have turned to online learning platforms to maintain educational activity. However, even after all this time, there are still many unanswered problems regarding the readiness, design, and efficiency of e-learning. Through an online survey applied to almost 600 students, the goal of this study is to investigate how students from George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures (UMPhST), Romania perceive and appreciate online learning. The study also highlights the characteristics of online classes students preferred and the limitations they had to face throughout this challenging period, but it also sheds light on different aspects of online teaching that will help educational specialists create a successful learning environment in the near future.