bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studi Penggunaan Obat Infark Miokard Akut di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit XYZ Jakarta
Authors: Ginanjar Ismu , Puspaningrat Luh Putu Desy , Candra I Gusti Ngurah Putu
Published: July 2023

Penyakit jantung koroner masih merupakan pembunuh terbesar baik di Indonesia maupun di negara-negara barat. Kematian akibat penyakit jantung koroner umumnya terjadi melalui Sindroma Koroner Akut (SKA), yang berpuncak pada infark jantung dan kematian.

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui jenis obat yang sering digunakan pada pasien infark miokard akut yang didapatkan dari rekam medik di Rumah Sakit XYZ Jakarta dan apakah telah sesuai dengan formularium rumah sakit dan pedoman tatalaksana sindroma koroner akut. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif yang dilakukan

di Rumah Sakit XYZ Jakarta di instalasi rawat inap pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak dan sistematis dengan mengambil seluruh rekam medik dari pasien infark miokard akut dengan teknik totally sampling, periode Januari – Juni 2019. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit XYZ Jakarta menunjukan bahwa kasus penyakit infark miokard akut terjadi sekitar 3-5 kasus perbulan, jenis obat yang sering digunakan yaitu ISDN dan ASA (Asam asetil salisilat). Penggunaan obat yang sesuai dengan formularium rumah sakit hanya mencapai 35,4%.
UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% DAUN PATIKAN KEBO (Euphorbia hirta L.) TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Komarudin Dede , Hardiyati Iin , Hidayat Febri , Dipta Eka , Widiyanti Nada , Fauziah Siva , Hartono Adityo
Published: July 2023

Daun patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta L.) merupakan jenis tanaman yang termasuk dalam keluarga Euphorbiales. Daun patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta L.) memiliki banyak kegunaan sebagai obat-obatan diantaranya sebagai antiinflamasi, peluruh air seni, dan menghilangkan rasa gatal. Untuk menilai keamanan daun patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta L.) dalam pemanfaatannya diperlukan pengujian terlebih dahulu yang dirancang untuk mengetahui tingkat keamanan dalam penggunaanya. Uji toksisitas akut oral dilakukan untuk menentukan dosis atau konsentrasi yang diberikan dengan sekali penggunaan (tunggal) atau beberapa kali dalam 24 jam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai LD50 dan kategori toksisitas ekstrak etanol 70% daun patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta L.) pada tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus). Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian eksperimental yaitu dengan penampilan data-data ekstraksi serta pengujian toksisitas terhadap tikus untuk mendapatkan nilai LD50. Berdasarkan metode Thomson dan weil nilai LD50 ekstrak etanol 70% daun patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta L.) sebesar 1,45 g/KgBB dengan nilai kiasaran LD50 ekstrak etanol daun patikan kebo sebesar 0,62 g/KgBB–3,37 g/KgBB Sehingga dapat dikategorikan memiliki tingkat toksik.

Kata kunci: Daun patikan kebo, ekstrak etanol, toksisitas, LD50
A Review of Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Research with Sustainability Reporting: 1999-2020 dataset
Authors: E-Vahdati Sahar , Aripin Norhani
Published: July 2023

This review paper aims to identify the main areas of studies in the field of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) research with sustainability reports. Using a bibliometric analysis, this study evaluated 955 published documents retrieved from the Scopus database to find a research review structure on GRI with sustainability topics from 1999 to 2020 by utilizing the bibliometric package in VOSviewer and Harzing’s Publish or Perish. This paper examined the most effective journals, authors, countries, institutions, subject area, keywords, citation, co-authorship, co-citation, bibliographic coupling, and co-occurrences networks. Also, this paper demonstrated the intellectual structure of the research and perceived obstacles to growth in the literature. The results show that the trend of publications has been growing over the past 20 years. This study offers a comprehensive understanding and publication of past studies trends and suggests that it will be a much greater number of articles in this field over the next decade which help the future direction of researchers in this area.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar las principales áreas de estudio en la investigación de Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). Mediante un análisis bibliométrico, este estudio evaluó 955 documentos publicados recuperados de la base de datos Scopus para encontrar una estructura de revisión de la investigación sobre GRI con temas de sostenibilidad desde 1999 hasta 2020 utilizando el paquete bibliométrico de VOSviewer y Publish or Perish de Harzing. Este trabajo examinó las revistas, autores, países, instituciones, área temática, palabras clave, citación, coautoría, co-citación, acoplamiento bibliográfico y redes de co-ocurrencias más eficaces. Asimismo, este trabajo demostró la estructura intelectual de la investigación y los obstáculos percibidos para el crecimiento de la bibliografía. Los resultados muestran que en los últimos 20 años la tendencia de las publicaciones ha ido en aumento. Este estudio ofrece una comprensión global y la publicación de las tendencias de los estudios anteriores y sugiere que habrá un número mucho mayor de artículos en este campo durante la próxima década.
Do Industry Specialist Audit Firms Influence Real Earnings Management? The Role of Auditor Independence
Authors: Al-Qadasi Adel Ali , Baatwah Saeed Rabea , Ghaleb Belal Ali , Qasem Ameen
Published: July 2023

In this study, we provide empirical evidence on how the relationship between industry specialist auditors and real earnings management (REM) is moderated by the auditors’ independence. From a sample of Malaysian listed companies for the period 2009 to 2016, the results indicate that companies with specialist auditors are less likely to practise REM. However, this negative association is less pronounced when the independence of the specialist auditor is low, suggesting that the presence of economic bonding between the specialist auditor and the client may allow the auditor to become sufficiently lax to align with the interests of an economically important auditee. Our findings remain robust after controlling for endogeneity and self-selection bias and performing several further analyses. This study is the first to prove that auditor independence can moderate the effectiveness of industry specialist auditors in mitigating REM practices. The results have implications for policy makers to enhance the current regulation structure of auditing and accounting professions. The results also provide new insights into the association between audit quality, REM and auditor independence in an emerging economy.

En este estudio proporcionamos evidencia empírica sobre cómo la relación entre los auditores especializados en la industria y la gestión de ganancias reales (REM) es moderada por la independencia de los auditores. A partir de una muestra de empresas malasias que cotizan en bolsa para el período comprendido entre 2009 y 2016, los resultados indican que las empresas con auditores especializados son menos propensas a practicar REM. Sin embargo, esta asociación negativa es menos pronunciada cuando la independencia del auditor especialista es baja, lo que sugiere que la presencia de vínculos económicos entre el auditor especialista y el cliente puede permitir que el auditor sea lo suficientemente laxo como para alinearse con los intereses de un auditado económicamente importante. Nuestros resultados siguen siendo sólidos tras controlar la endogeneidad y el sesgo de autoselección y realizar varios análisis adicionales. Este estudio es el primero que demuestra que la independencia de los auditores puede moderar la eficacia de los auditores especializados en el sector a la hora de mitigar las prácticas REM. Los resultados tienen implicaciones para que los responsables políticos mejoren la actual estructura de regulación de las profesiones de auditoría y contabilidad. Los resultados también aportan nuevos conocimientos sobre la asociación entre la calidad de la auditoría, el REM y la independencia del auditor en una economía emergente.
Folks kriminalitetserfaringer og tillit til politiet
Authors: Olaussen Leif Petter
Published: July 2023

Intet resumé
"Totalrevideringen av strafflagen slutförs"
Authors: Koskinen Pekka
Published: July 2023

During the last decades the development of the criminal policy in Finland has differed from the development in many other countries. In Finland the starting-point was a very strict and stern criminal justice system. With a sense of purpose it has been moderated step by step. And - if the results are measured for example in the number of prisoners - the efforts have been successful. The rational development of Finnish criminal policy was also based on wide political consensus. However, quite recently the cold and severe winds, blowing in many other countries, have also touched Finland.
The author wishes that in spite of the foreign impulses the trust is retained in the criminal policy chosen in Finland. Similar self-confidence is to be desired in relation to criminal policy as Finland's former president,
Mr Urho Kekkonen had in relation to general politics in 1960. When Mr Nikita Hrushtshev, leader of a superpower, came to congratulate Finland's president upon his birthday, Mr Kekkonen said: "Let the rest of the world become communistic, but Finland will stick to the traditional Nordic democracy, if the majority of Finnish people so want, as I believe it to do."
Migraciones, asilo y derechos humanos: Una aproximación lucasiana a las disfunciones de la gobernanza migratoria
Authors: Pinyol-Jiménez Gemma
Published: July 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es examinar algunas de las cuestiones principales que se plantean hoy en día en relación con la movilidad de las personas, y que suponen un reto para la gobernanza migratoria. No se trata de una identificación exhaustiva, sino de una selección que quiere reflexionar sobre los límites de la figura de la persona migrante, el encaje de la protección de los derechos humanos (incluyendo el derecho de asilo) en la gobernanza migratoria y la función performativa de las políticas migratorias. Estos elementos, que han sido profusamente tratados en la obra de Javier de Lucas, conforman retos clave para determinar la calidad de las políticas migratorias en las sociedades democráticas actuales.
La solidaridad como valor esencial en el fundamento de los derechos humanos
Authors: Campoy Cervera Ignacio
Published: July 2023

En este artículo se explica en qué sentido cabe entender que la solidaridad es un valor esencial en el fundamento de los derechos humanos, primero, contraponiendo la visión que la circunscribe a un valor propio de la ética individual con su comprensión como valor de la Ética Pública; y después, contraponiendo los presupuestos neoliberales predominantes en nuestra sociedad con los presupuestos que hay detrás de esa comprensión de la solidaridad como valor esencial en la fundamentación de los derechos humanos. De esta manera, se concluye con la necesidad de atender al equilibrio que se ha de entender que hay entre los valores de la Ética Pública de la Modernidad.
Evaluation of Potential Environmental Risks of Graphene-Based Materials by Examining the Effect of rGO on the Microbial Activity of P. Chrysosporium.
Authors: MADENLİ Özgecan , DEVECİ Ece Ümmü
Published: July 2023

Graphene has been used in various applications in many fields. In recent years, its annual output has reached one hundred tons. Graphene has shown great potential in analytics, medicine, electronics, energy, agriculture, and environmental remediation. With increasing applications and production, the environmental risks and hazards of graphene have increased public concern. It was a key issue in environmental risk assessments of graphene materials. Microbial degradation of graphene and graphene oxide and its degradation by fungi in the environment have been previously studied. However, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was difficult to degrade by fungi, and there were limited studies on this subject. In this study, the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was incubated with the culture system rGO for one week. The independent variables of microorganism concentration, pH, and rGO concentration were analyzed with the Box Behnken statistical method using response surface methodology. The potential environmental risks of graphene-based materials were assessed by examining the effect of rGO on the microbial activity of P. chrysosporium. The results revealed that rGO inhibited microbial activity during incubation and acted as an inhibitor in the medium. In addition, pH was found to be effective in inhibiting the environment, while microbial activity decreased at low pH. Moreover, P.chrysosporium was thought to degrade the oxygen groups on the rGO surface due to its decomposition ability. To test the environmental impact of graphene-based materials in general, it was aimed at unraveling the structure-activity relationships of the fungus P. chrysosporium.
Energy and Exergy Analysis of an Innovative Power/Refrigeration Cycle: Kalina Cycle and Ejector Refrigeration Cycle
Authors: SEÇKİN Candeniz
Published: July 2023

This study presents a thermodynamic analysis of a new combined power/refrigeration combined cycle. The combined cycle is comprised of two innovative cycles: Kalina cycle (KNC) and ejector refrigeration cycle (ERC) for power and refrigeration production, respectively. Recovery of heat process is involved in the design of the cycle to rise the energetic and exergetic efficiencies: emitted heat by the KNC is absorbed by the ERC in order to generate cooling. Effects of variation in KNC operational conditions which have direct effects on turbine power production capacity (temperature and pressure of the working fluid flow at the turbine inlet) on performance evaluation parameters of the system (energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, energetic and exergetic content of produced refrigeration and net power) are investigated. A detailed discussion of the results is also reported. Energetic and exergetic efficiency results are substantially dominated by generated power, i.e., KNC parameters which impose direct effect on turbine power production performance is of superior importance to rise the energy and exergy efficiencies.
İçme Suyu İletiminde Terfili Hatlarla Cazibeli Hatların Birlikte Kullanılmasının Pompalara Etkilerinin Araştırılması
Authors: KOCA Ali Osman , ATMACA Mustafa
Published: July 2023

Günümüzde 1.5 milyon m3 kapasitesiyle Ömerli İçme Suyu Arıtma Tesisi İstanbul'un içme suyu ihtiyacının %48’ini karşılamaktadır. Tesisteki pompaların durumu ve boru hatlarındaki debi ölçümleri uzaktan kontrol ve kumanda sistemleriyle (SCADA) anlık olarak izlenmektedir. Ancak boru içindeki akışlar, kolektör hatları ya da ölçümü yapılmayan noktalardaki suyun hareketi takip edilememektedir. Bu çalışmada, pompalı hatlarla cazibeli hatların birlikte kullanılmasının, pompalar üzerindeki etkileri deneysel ve sayısal analizlerle incelenmiştir. Deneysel çalışmada ilk önce yalnızca pompalar rutin çalışma şeklinde çalıştırılmış ve debileri ölçülmüştür. Daha sonra cazibeli hat devreye alınmış ve yüksek basınçla gelen akışın pompalar üzerindeki etkileri gösterilmiştir. Cazibeli hattın pompalar üzerindeki etkileri sayısal olarak araştırılmıştır. Bunun için Ansys Fluent 2022 R1 yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Deneysel çalışma sonucunda pompalı hatlarla nispeten daha yüksek basınçlı hatlar birlikte çalıştırıldığında, pompalarda %48’lere varan debi kaybı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sayısal hesaplamalar sonucunda ise pompa hattına giren yüksek basınçlı akışların, pompaların basma yönlerinde engel oluşturarak iç basıncın artmasına ve pompa debisinin azalmasına sebep olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
Brain and molecular mechanisms underlying the nonlinear association between close friendships, mental health, and cognition in children
Authors: Shen Chun , Rolls Edmund T , Xiang Shitong , Langley Christelle , Sahakian Barbara J , Cheng Wei , Feng Jianfeng
Published: July 2023

Close friendships are important for mental health and cognition in late childhood. However, whether the more close friends the better, and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are unknown. Using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Developmental study, we identified nonlinear associations between the number of close friends, mental health, cognition, and brain structure. Although few close friends were associated with poor mental health, low cognitive functions, and small areas of the social brain (e.g., the orbitofrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, the anterior insula, and the temporoparietal junction), increasing the number of close friends beyond a level (around 5) was no longer associated with better mental health and larger cortical areas, and was even related to lower cognition. In children having no more than five close friends, the cortical areas related to the number of close friends revealed correlations with the density of μ-opioid receptors and the expression of OPRM1 and OPRK1 genes, and could partly mediate the association between the number of close friends, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and crystalized intelligence. Longitudinal analyses showed that both too few and too many close friends at baseline were associated with more ADHD symptoms and lower crystalized intelligence 2 y later. Additionally, we found that friendship network size was nonlinearly associated with well-being and academic performance in an independent social network dataset of middle-school students. These findings challenge the traditional idea of ‘the more, the better,’ and provide insights into potential brain and molecular mechanisms.
Large-scale neural dynamics in a shared low-dimensional state space reflect cognitive and attentional dynamics
Authors: Song Hayoung , Shim Won Mok , Rosenberg Monica D
Published: July 2023

Cognition and attention arise from the adaptive coordination of neural systems in response to external and internal demands. The low-dimensional latent subspace that underlies large-scale neural dynamics and the relationships of these dynamics to cognitive and attentional states, however, are unknown. We conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging as human participants performed attention tasks, watched comedy sitcom episodes and an educational documentary, and rested. Whole-brain dynamics traversed a common set of latent states that spanned canonical gradients of functional brain organization, with global desynchronization among functional networks modulating state transitions. Neural state dynamics were synchronized across people during engaging movie watching and aligned to narrative event structures. Neural state dynamics reflected attention fluctuations such that different states indicated engaged attention in task and naturalistic contexts, whereas a common state indicated attention lapses in both contexts. Together, these results demonstrate that traversals along large-scale gradients of human brain organization reflect cognitive and attentional dynamics.
Wandering albatross exert high take-off effort in weak wind with low wave conditions
Authors: Uesaka Leo , Goto Yusuke , Naruoka Masaru , Weimerskirch Henri , Sato Katsufumi , Sakamoto Kentaro Q.
Published: July 2023

The relationship between the environment and the small-scaled behavior of marine animals is not fully understood. This is largely due to the difficulty in obtaining environmental datasets with a high spatiotemporal precision. The problem is particularly pertinent in assessing the influence of environmental factors in rapid high energy consuming behavior such as seabirds take-off. Here, to fill the gaps in existing database, we employed novel techniques using animal-borne sensors with motion records to estimate parameters on wind and ocean waves, and evaluated their influence on wandering albatrosses take-off. The measurement revealed that the wind speed and the wave height that the wandering albatrosses experienced during take-off ranged from 0.7 ∼ 15.4 m/s and 1.6 ∼ 6.4 m, respectively. The four indices that were measured (flapping number, frequency, running speed, and duration on the sea surface) also varied with the environmental conditions (i.e., flapping number varied from 0 to over 20). Importantly, taking-off was easier under higher wave condition in the constant wind speed, and take-off effort increased only when both wind and waves were gentle. Our data suggests that both ocean waves and winds play important roles in albatross take-off, and advances our current understanding of albatross flight mechanisms.Winds and ocean waves condition experienced by albatrosses were estimated using animal-borne recorder and revealed that taking-off was easier under higher wave condition in the constant wind speed.
A Vibrio cholerae viral satellite maximizes its spread and inhibits phage by remodeling hijacked phage coat proteins into small capsids
Authors: Boyd Caroline M. , Subramanian Sundharraman , Dunham Drew T. , Parent Kristin N. , Seed Kimberley D.
Published: July 2023

Phage satellites commonly remodel capsids they hijack from the phages they parasitize, but only a few mechanisms regulating the change in capsid size have been reported. Here, we investigated how a satellite from
Vibrio cholerae
, PLE, remodels the capsid it has been predicted to steal from the phage ICP1 (1). We identified that a PLE-encoded protein, TcaP, is both necessary and sufficient to form small capsids during ICP1 infection. Interestingly, we found that PLE is dependent on small capsids for efficient transduction of its genome, making it the first satellite to have this requirement. ICP1 isolates that escaped TcaP-mediated remodeling acquired substitutions in the coat protein, suggesting an interaction between these two proteins. With a procapsid-like-particle (PLP) assembly platform in
Escherichia coli
, we demonstrated that TcaP is a
bona fide
scaffold that regulates the assembly of small capsids. Further, we studied the structure of PLE PLPs using cryogenic electron microscopy and found that TcaP is an external scaffold, that is functionally and largely structurally similar to the external scaffold, Sid, encoded by the divergent satellite P4 (2). Finally, we showed that TcaP is largely conserved across PLEs. Together, these data support a model in which TcaP directs the assembly of small capsids comprised of ICP1 coat proteins, which inhibits the complete packaging of the ICP1 genome and permits more efficient packaging of replicated PLE genomes.
Conserving bird populations in the Anthropocene: the significance of non-breeding movements
Authors: Pokrovsky Ivan , Curk Teja , Dietz Andreas , Fufachev Ivan , Kulikova Olga , Rößler Sebastian , Wikelski Martin
Published: July 2023

To conserve bird species threatened by climate change, it is important to understand how environmental factors affected by climate change, such as snow cover, impact their ranges. While this problem is fairly well understood for breeding areas, it remains poorly understood for non-breeding areas. In non-breeding areas, seasonal cycles can strongly influence the distribution of resources during winter. If birds adapt to such changes, they may result in seasonal and directional movement of birds within their non-breeding range. In this case, birds would experience a unique migration pattern - rapid migration between breeding and non-breeding habitats versus a slow migration pattern within their non-breeding range. Their non-breeding range would therefore be dynamic, with potentially important consequences for our understanding of population densities and non-breeding ranges.Between 2013-2021, we tracked 43 adult Rough-legged buzzards with solar GPS-GSM loggers. We analyzed their behavior, determined whether the birds showed any directional return migrations during the non-breeding season, and evaluated the differences between the slow migration within their winter range and the quick migration between breeding and non-breeding areas. We also analyzed the vegetation cover of the areas crossed during quick and slow migrations and the role of snow cover in winter migrations.Our findings revealed that after a quick fall migration through the taiga zone, Rough-legged buzzards continue to migrate during the non-breeding season, albeit at a slower pace across the wooded fields they select as habitat. They avoid complete snow cover and move to escape the progression of the snow cover line from northeast to southwest and back during the winter. As a consequence, Rough-legged buzzards have a dynamic winter range. Thus, the migration pattern of these birds comprises alternating quick and slow phases, resembling the foxtrot dance, which we have named the ‘foxtrot’ migration pattern. Due to this pattern, their winter range displays a dynamic shift of the seasonal center of the population distribution over 1000 km towards the southwest and back throughout the winter.Our study uncovered a novel bird migration pattern postulated to exist before but poorly understood. This ‘foxtrot migration’ likely occurs in many migratory species inhabiting winter areas with pronounced seasonal cycles. Our findings have implications for conservation efforts in the Anthropocene, where environmental factors such as snow cover can change rapidly and have cascading effects on bird migration. We recommend presenting dynamic winter ranges in species descriptions and range maps so ecologists can use them to develop effective conservation strategies.
Free volume theory explains the unusual behavior of viscosity in a non-confluent tissue during morphogenesis
Authors: Das Rajsekhar , Sinha Sumit , Li Xin , Kirkpatrick TR , Thirumalai D
Published: July 2023

A recent experiment on zebrafish blastoderm morphogenesis showed that the viscosity (η) of a non-confluent embryonic tissue grows sharply until a critical cell packing fraction (ϕS). The increase in η up to ϕS is similar to the behavior observed in several glass-forming materials, which suggests that the cell dynamics is sluggish or glass-like. Surprisingly, η is a constant above ϕS. To determine the mechanism of this unusual dependence of η on ϕ, we performed extensive simulations using an agent-based model of a dense non-confluent two-dimensional tissue. We show that polydispersity in the cell size, and the propensity of the cells to deform, results in the saturation of the available free area per cell beyond a critical packing fraction. Saturation in the free space not only explains the viscosity plateau above ϕS but also provides a relationship between equilibrium geometrical packing to the dramatic increase in the relaxation dynamics.
Identification of 1600 replication origins in S. cerevisiae
Authors: Foss Eric J , Lichauco Carmina , Gatbonton-Schwager Tonibelle , Gonske Sara J , Lofts Brandon , Lao Uyen , Bedalov Antonio
Published: July 2023

There are approximately 500 known origins of replication in the yeast genome, and the process by which DNA replication initiates at these locations is well understood. In particular, these sites are made competent to initiate replication by loading of the Mcm replicative helicase prior to the start of S phase; thus, ‘a site that binds Mcm in G1’ might be considered to provide an operational definition of a replication origin. By fusing a subunit of Mcm to micrococcal nuclease, we previously showed that known origins are typically bound by a single Mcm double hexamer, loaded adjacent to the ARS consensus sequence (ACS). Here, we extend this analysis from known origins to the entire genome, identifying candidate Mcm binding sites whose signal intensity varies over at least three orders of magnitude. Published data quantifying single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) during S phase revealed replication initiation among the most abundant 1600 of these sites, with replication activity decreasing with Mcm abundance and disappearing at the limit of detection of ssDNA. Three other hallmarks of replication origins were apparent among the most abundant 5500 sites. Specifically, these sites: (1) appeared in intergenic nucleosome-free regions flanked on one or both sides by well-positioned nucleosomes; (2) were flanked by ACSs; and (3) exhibited a pattern of GC skew characteristic of replication initiation. We conclude that, if sites at which Mcm double hexamers are loaded can function as replication origins, then DNA replication origins are at least threefold more abundant than previously assumed, and we suggest that replication may occasionally initiate in essentially every intergenic region. These results shed light on recent reports that as many as 15% of replication events initiate outside of known origins, and this broader distribution of replication origins suggest that S phase in yeast may be less distinct from that in humans than widely assumed.
PITAR, a DNA damage-inducible cancer/testis long noncoding RNA, inactivates p53 by binding and stabilizing TRIM28 mRNA
Authors: Jana Samarjit , Mondal Mainak , Mahale Sagar , Gupta Bhavana , Prasasvi Kaval Reddy , Kandasami Lekha , Jha Neha , Chowdhury Abhishek , Santosh Vani , Kanduri Chandrasekhar , Somasundaram Kumaravel
Published: July 2023

In tumors with WT p53, alternate mechanisms of p53 inactivation are reported. Here, we have identified a long noncoding RNA, PITAR (p53 Inactivating TRIM28 Associated RNA), as an inhibitor of p53. PITAR is an oncogenic Cancer/testis lncRNA and is highly expressed in glioblastoma (GBM) and glioma stem-like cells (GSC). We establish that TRIM28 mRNA, which encodes a p53-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase, is a direct target of PITAR. PITAR interaction with TRIM28 RNA stabilized TRIM28 mRNA, which resulted in increased TRIM28 protein levels and reduced p53 steady-state levels due to enhanced p53 ubiquitination. DNA damage activated PITAR, in addition to p53, in a p53-independent manner, thus creating an incoherent feedforward loop to inhibit the DNA damage response by p53. While PITAR silencing inhibited the growth of WT p53 containing GSCs in vitro and reduced glioma tumor growth in vivo, its overexpression enhanced the tumor growth in a TRIM28-dependent manner and promoted resistance to Temozolomide. Thus, we establish an alternate way of p53 inactivation by PITAR, which maintains low p53 levels in normal cells and attenuates the DNA damage response by p53. Finally, we propose PITAR as a potential GBM therapeutic target.
Comparative brain-wide mapping of ketamine- and isoflurane-activated nuclei and functional networks in the mouse brain
Authors: Hu Yue , Du Wenjie , Qi Jiangtao , Luo Huoqing , Zhang Zhao , Luo Mengqiang , Wang Yingwei
Published: July 2023

Ketamine (KET) and isoflurane (ISO) are two widely used general anesthetics, yet their distinct and shared neurophysiological mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the effects of KET and ISO on c-Fos expression across the mouse brain, utilizing hierarchical clustering and c-Fos-based functional network analysis to evaluate the responses of individual brain regions to each anesthetic. Our findings reveal that KET activates a wide range of brain regions, notably in the cortical and subcortical nuclei involved in sensory, motor, emotional, and reward processing, with the temporal association areas (TEa) as a strong hub, suggesting a top-down mechanism affecting consciousness by primarily targeting higher order cortical networks. In contrast, ISO predominantly influences brain regions in the hypothalamus, impacting neuroendocrine control, autonomic function, and homeostasis, with the locus coeruleus (LC) as a connector hub, indicating a bottom-up mechanism in anesthetic-induced unconsciousness. KET and ISO both activate brain areas involved in sensory processing, memory and cognition, reward and motivation, as well as autonomic and homeostatic control, highlighting their shared effects on various neural pathways. In conclusion, our results highlight the distinct but overlapping effects of KET and ISO, enriching our understanding of the mechanisms underlying general anesthesia.
Comparative Whole-Brain Mapping of Isoflurane and Ketamine-Activated Nuclei and Functional Networks
Authors: Wang Ying Wei , Hu Yue , Qi Jiang Tao , Zhang Zhao , Luo Meng Qiang
Published: July 2023

Ketamine (KET) and isoflurane (ISO) are two widely used general anesthetics, yet their distinct and shared neurophysiological mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of KET and ISO effects on c-Fos expression across the brain, utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) and c-Fos-based functional network analysis to evaluate the responses of individual brain regions to each anesthetic. Our findings demonstrate that KET significantly activates cortical and subcortical arousal-promoting nuclei, with the somatosensory cortex (SS) serving as a hub node, corroborating the top-down general anesthesia theory for dissociative anesthesia. In contrast, ISO activates the nuclei in the hypothalamus and brain-stem, with the locus coeruleus (LC) as a hub node, implying a bottom-up mechanism for anesthetic-induced unconsciousness. Notably, the coactivation of sleep-wakefulness regulation, analgesia-related, neuroendocrine-related nuclei (e.g., prelimbic area (PL) and infralimbic areas (ILA), and the anterior paraventricular nucleus (aPVT), Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EW), locus coeruleus (LC), parabrachial nucleus (PB), solitary tract nucleus (NTS)) by both anesthetics underscores shared features such as unconsciousness, analgesia, and autonomic regulation, irrespective of their specific molecular targets. In conclusion, our results emphasize the distinct actions of KET and ISO while also uncovering the commonly activated brain regions, thus contributing to the advancement of our understanding of the mechanisms under-lying general anesthesia.
Delta-dependent Notch activation closes the early neuroblast temporal program to promote lineage progression and neurogenesis termination in Drosophila
Authors: Sood Chhavi , Nahid Md Ausrafuggaman , Branham Kendall R , Pahl Matt , Doyle Susan E , Siegrist Sarah E
Published: July 2023

Neuroblasts in Drosophila divide asymmetrically, sequentially expressing a series of intrinsic factors to generate a diversity of neuron types. These intrinsic factors known as temporal factors dictate timing of neuroblast transitions in response to steroid hormone signaling and specify early versus late temporal fates in neuroblast neuron progeny. After completing their temporal programs, neuroblasts differentiate or die, finalizing both neuron number and type within each neuroblast lineage. From a screen aimed at identifying genes required to terminate neuroblast divisions, we identified Notch and Notch pathway components. When Notch is knocked down, neuroblasts maintain early temporal factor expression longer, delay late temporal factor expression, and continue dividing into adulthood. We find that Delta, expressed in cortex glia, neuroblasts, and after division, their GMC progeny, regulates neuroblast Notch activity. We also find that Delta in neuroblasts is expressed high early, low late, and is controlled by the intrinsic temporal program: early factor Imp promotes Delta, late factors Syp/E93 reduce Delta. Thus, in addition to systemic steroid hormone cues, forward lineage progression is controlled by local cell-cell signaling between neuroblasts and their cortex glia/GMC neighbors: Delta transactivates Notch in neuroblasts bringing the early temporal program and early temporal factor expression to a close.
Why every lab needs a handbook
Authors: Tendler Benjamin C , Welland Maddie , Miller Karla L ,   The WIN Handbook Team
Published: July 2023

A lab handbook is a flexible document that outlines the ethos of a research lab or group. A good handbook will outline the different roles within the lab, explain what is expected of all lab members, provide an overview of the culture the lab aims to create, and describe how the lab supports its members so that they can develop as researchers. Here we describe how we wrote a lab handbook for a large research group, and provide resources to help other labs write their own handbooks.
Gut microbiota-derived gamma-aminobutyric acid from metformin treatment reduces hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibiting ferroptosis
Authors: Wang Fangyan , Liu Xiujie , Huang Furong , Zhou Yan , Wang Xinyu , Song Zhengyang , Wang Sisi , Wang Xiaoting , Shi Dibang , Ruan Gaoyi , Ji Xiawei , Zhang Eryao , Tan Zenglin , Ye Yuqing , Wang Chuang , Zhu Jesse , Wang Wantie
Published: July 2023

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a common and inevitable factor leading to poor prognosis in various liver diseases, making the outcomes of current treatments in clinic unsatisfactory. Metformin has been demonstrated to be beneficial to alleviate HIRI in recent studies, however, the underpinning mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found metformin mitigates HIRI-induced ferroptosis through reshaped gut microbiota in mice, which was verified by the results of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) treatment but eliminated by using antibiotics to deplete gut bacteria. Detailedly, 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing identified that the metformin-reshaped microbiota was characterized by the increase of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) producing bacteria, which was confirmed by the increase of GABA synthesis key enzymes, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and putrescine aminotransferase (PAT), in gut microbes of metformin-treated mice and healthy volunteers. Furthermore, the benefit of GABA against HIRI-induced ferroptosis was demonstrated by the results from GABA-treated mice. Collectively, our data indicate that metformin can mitigate HIRI-induced ferroptosis by reshaped gut microbiota, and GABA was identified as a key metabolite.
Cryo-EM structures of Kv1.2 potassium channels, conducting and non-conducting
Authors: Wu Yangyu , Yan Yangyang , Yang Youshan , Bian Shumin , Rivetta Alberto , Allen Ken , Sigworth Fred J.
Published: July 2023

We present near-atomic-resolution cryo-EM structures of the mammalian voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.2 in open, C-type inactivated, toxin-blocked and sodium-bound states at 3.2 Å, 2.5 Å, 2.8 Å, and 2.9Å. These structures, all obtained at nominally zero membrane potential in detergent micelles, reveal distinct ion-occupancy patterns in the selectivity filter. The first two structures are very similar to those reported in the related Shaker channel and the much-studied Kv1.2-2.1 chimeric channel. On the other hand, two new structures show unexpected patterns of ion occupancy. First, in the toxin-blocked channel α-Dendrotoxin, like Charybdotoxin, is seen to attach to the negatively-charged channel outer mouth, and a lysine residue penetrates into the selectivity filter. Penetration by α-Dendrotoxin is however deeper than with Charybdotoxin, occupying two of the four ion-binding sites. Second, a structure of Kv1.2 in Na
+
solution does not show collapse of the selectivity filter that was observed under similar conditions in the KcsA channel, but instead shows an intact selectivity filter with ion density in each binding site. We also attempted to image the Kv1.2 W366F channel in Na
+
solution, but the protein conformation was seen to be highly variable and only a low-resolution structure could be obtained. These findings present new insights into the stability of the selectivity filter and the mechanism of toxin block of this intensively studied, voltage-gated potassium channel.
Measuring blood glucose before or after lumbar puncture
Authors: Shi Kaili , Li Xue , Li Ying , Tan Xiaohua , Zheng Kelu , Chen Wenxiong , Li Xiaojing
Published: July 2023

Background

The ratio of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to peripheral blood glucose at the same period is an important index for diagnosing and monitoring the efficacy of central nervous system infection, especially bacterial meningitis. Some guidelines refer that blood glucose measurement should be carried out before lumbar puncture. The main reason is to avoid possible effect of stress response induced by lumbar puncture on the level of blood glucose. However, there is no consensus on whether it should be followed in actual clinical work, since up to now no research work having been published on whether lumbar puncture will induce the changes on blood glucose. Our study aimed to investigate the changes of peripheral blood glucose before and after lumbar puncture.

Methods

In order to clarify the influence of timing of peripheral blood glucose measurement at the same period of lumbar puncture, a prospective study was conducted including children with an age range from 2 months to 12 years old in the neurology department of a medical center. For those children who need lumbar puncture due to their illness, their blood glucose was measured within 5 min before and after lumbar puncture, respectively. The blood glucose level and the ratio of CSF to blood glucose before and after lumbar puncture were compared. Meanwhile, the patients were divided into different groups according to the factors of sex, age and sedation or not for further comparison. All statistical analyses of the data were performed using SPSS version 26.0 for Windows.

Results

In total, 101 children who needed lumbar puncture during hospitalization from January 1, 2021, to October 1, 2021, were recruited with 65 male and 36 female respectively. There was no significant difference on the level of blood glucose, CSF to blood glucose ratio before and after lumbar puncture among the children (p > 0.05). No differences were observed within different groups (sex, age, sedation or not) either.

Conclusion

It is unnecessary to emphasize blood glucose measurement should be carried out before lumbar puncture, especially for pediatric patients. From the perspective of facilitating smoother cerebrospinal fluid puncture in children, blood glucose measurement after lumbar puncture might be a better choice.
edificio que visualiza la imagen de una ciudad
Authors: Celedón Alejandra , Fell Stephannie
Published: July 2023

No presenta resumen.
Modelación de la percepción subjetiva del espacio público mediante técnicas de machine learning y modelos de elección discreta
Authors: Hurtubia Ricardo , Rossetti Tomás , Löbel Hans
Published: July 2023

No presenta resumen.
Purchasing Behaviour and Problems Faced by Farmers and Dealers Related to Insecticide
Authors: Sahoo Abinash , Dudhagara Chetan R.
Published: July 2023

Insecticides protect crops from insects by either killing them or preventing their attack. They assist in keeping the number of pests under the appropriate threshold level. A study entitled "Purchasing behaviour and problems faced by farmers and dealers related to insecticide” focused on understanding the factors that influence farmers' decisions while purchasing insecticides and identifies the problems they faced in the study area. The study aimed to provide insights into the socio-economic background of farmers, understand their purchasing behaviour towards insecticide, and assess the problems faced by farmers and dealers. The study was conducted in Keshod taluka in Junagadh district of Gujarat. Both primary and secondary data were used to meet the study's predetermined objectives. The semi-structured schedule was used to complete the primary survey. A total of 100 farmers and 30 dealers from the Keshod taluka made up the sample of 130 respondents. In this study, it was observed that the majority of farmers were between the age of 21 to 60 years. Most of the respondents had a joint family. A major part of the respondents were small and marginal farmers. The major issues faced by farmers were the high cost of pesticides and the lack of after-sales support. The major issues faced by farmers were the relatively high price and after-sale service.
Prospecção Tecnológica de Softwares para Consulta de Agrotóxicos
Authors: Morais Emanuela Vitória Dias , Silva Paula Tereza de Souza e
Published: July 2023

A presente prospecção tecnológica teve como objetivo identificar softwares indicados para consulta de agrotóxicos, bem como realizar uma análise comparativa das ferramentas mapeadas. Para a prospecção, foram utilizados o banco de dados do Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI), o Portal do Software Público Brasileiro (SPB) e as bibliotecas de aplicativos Google Play Store e App Store, utilizando duas strings de busca e filtragem por títulos e por descrição dos softwares. Foram mapeados: um programa de computador registrado no INPI e cinco aplicativos nas bibliotecas indicadas. A partir dos resultados retornados, foi realizada uma análise comparativa dos aplicativos com base em dez requisitos considerados importantes na utilização de agrotóxicos. Com a análise, concluiu-se que o aplicativo “Bulário Defensivos Agrícolas” foi o mais relevante. Além disso, percebeu-se que há uma lacuna referente a ferramentas mais completas que possibilitem a filtragem dos produtos por características que são importantes na seleção de agrotóxicos para aplicação na lavoura.
Plataforma Web de Indicadores Nacionais de CT&I: uma ferramenta de apoio à gestão na SETEC/AP
Authors: Aguiar Robson Rodrigues Neves , Lima Rafael Pontes , Leite André da Costa
Published: July 2023

O objetivo geral do artigo foi analisar de que forma os indicadores nacionais de CT&I podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento da inovação nas instituições de CT&I. Esses indicadores de desempenho auxiliam o processo de tomada de decisões dos gestores e fortalecem as ações de gestão da inovação. O estudo é classificado como pesquisa qualitativa, com abordagem descritiva, e foi utilizado o método de pesquisa-ação. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com a equipe de gestores da Secretaria de Ciência e Tecnologia (SETEC) do Amapá, órgão responsável pelo ecossistema de CT&I no Estado. O levantamento das informações ocorreu com base em pesquisa bibliográfica, reuniões e análise de documentos e indicadores nacionais de inovação disponibilizados pelo MCTI. O estudo contribuiu para o desenvolvimento de uma Plataforma Web de Indicadores, uma ferramenta que permite mensurar e avaliar o desempenho por meio da gestão de indicadores, fortalecendo a gestão e o planejamento da SETEC/AP.