bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Triangulação metodológica para definir perfis educacional EVAs
Authors: Erazo Gonzalo Samaniego , Molías Luis Marqués
Published: October 2019

Nós determinamos os professores têm perfis de professores universitários em Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem (AVAs). É feito com base em triangulação e combinação sequencial de três métodos: in situ da análise AVAs, inquéritos e entrevistas. A metodologia garante resultados confiáveis ​​e complementares do objeto de estudo. A natureza subjetiva de instrumentos de recolha de dados, tais como inquéritos e/ou entrevistas devem ser contrastadas e complementadas com dados objetivos provenientes de outras fontes de dados (análise in situ de AVAs). Os resultados evidenciaram que os professores usam seus AVAs para distribuir materiais para indivíduo, principalmente não-obrigatório e/ou atividades em pequenos grupos. Os perfis dos professores são definidos de acordo com o tipo de materiais utilizados e as atividades e o peso que eles dão à parte face com respeito ao virtual, que é complementar ao perfil e sobreposta (Salinas, 2008). Palavras-chave: triangulação metodológica; universidade; ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem.
Tecnologias Digitais nos Projetos de Redesenho Curricular do Programa Ensino Médio Inovador: Entre Limites e Possibilidades
Authors: Menegaz Eliana Scremin , Luardi Mendes Geovana Mendonça
Published: October 2019

A inserção de tecnologias digitais na escola é uma problemática atual e ainda carece de inúmeras investigações. Visando adentrar nessa problemática, este artigo discute sobre  a inserção de tecnologias digitais no Programa Ensino Médio Inovador nas escolas de Santa Catarina. A priori, esse programa atende a uma expectativa de mudança em toda a estruturação escolar , uma nova organização de trabalho pedagógico através do redesenho curricular, pautado em oito macrocampos, dentre eles a “Comunicação, Cultura Digital e Uso de Mídias”.  No desenvolvimento do trabalho, realizou-se uma pesquisa documental utilizando como fontes os Projetos de Redesenho Curricular das escolas e os Documentos Orientadores do programa. Com base no material empírico, esse estudo mapeia as escolas que optaram pelo macrocampo acima citado, identificando as ações desenvolvidas e o que apontam sobre a utilização das tecnologias digitais. Trata-se de um subprojeto de pesquisa vinculado ao projeto “Tablets, computadores e laptops: análise sobre políticas e aspectos pedagógicos da inserção de novas tecnologias na escola”, financiado com recursos do OBEDUC/CAPES.
Expediente Revista EDaPECI
Authors: Revista EDaPECI Expediente
Published: October 2019

REVISTA EDaPECIGrupo de Pesquisa Educação a Distância e Práticas Educativas Comunicacionais e Interculturais Universidade Federal de Sergipe em parceria com Universidade Federal de Alagoas CONSELHO DELIBERATIVOProf. Dra. Maria Neide Sobral – Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS) – São Cristóvão, Sergipe, BrasilProf. Dr. Luís Paulo Leopoldo Mercado – Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL) – Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil
Electrochemical Impedance Characterization of LiMnPO4 Electrodes with Different Additions of MWCNTs in an Aqueous Electrolyte
Authors: Barraza-Fierro Jesus Israel , Chu Tse-Ming , Castaneda-Lopez Homero
Published: October 2019

An electrochemical characterization was performed in electrodes with different weight percentages of LiMnPO4 and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in aqueous solution. The redox potential of LiMnPO4 cathode is close to the electrolyte decomposition, which provides an ideal scenario to study multiple reactions on a single electrode surface involving parallel steps and species transformation in both solid and liquid state. Different processes were deconvoluted using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In addition, a surface coverage model was employed to theoretically quantify the limiting step of the electrochemical process. The results show the addition of MWCNTs increased the electrical conductivity of the cathode and improved the intercalation process in LiMnPO4. The optimal concentrations of MWCNTs, which enhanced the electrical properties and decreased the water oxidation effect, were 20 and 40 wt.%.
Estimativa da produção da soja brasileira utilizando redes neurais artificiais
Authors: Abraham Emerson Rodolfo , Reis Joao Gilberto Mendes dos , Toloi Rodrigo Carlo , Souza Aguinaldo Eduardo De , Colossetti Adriane Paulieli
Published: October 2019

Brasil e Estados Unidos foram responsáveis por dois terços da produção mundial da soja durante a safra de 2016/17, equivalente a cerca de 348,1 milhões de toneladas. A soja é o principal produto na corrente de comércio brasileira, visto que sua participação na balança comercial foi de 33%, com o volume exportado de 68 milhões de toneladas, equivalente a US$ 25,7 bilhões. Assim, faz-se necessário analisar e estimar a relação entre área plantada, produtividade e produção, visando tomadas de decisões que possam afetar o suprimento interno e externo desse cereal. Nesse contexto, propõe-se nesse trabalho, uma rede neural artificial para estimar a produção futura da soja brasileira. Utilizou-se o software Matlab R2017b e a Neural Network tool box para elaboração, treinamento, validação e testes da rede. Os dados foram coletados das séries históricas de 41 anos de área plantada, produtividade e produção, fornecidas pela Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento. Os resultados apontaram uma produção de 108,1 milhões de toneladas, para a safra 2017/2018, ou seja, uma pequena queda de 5% em relação à safra 2016/17 que foi de 114,1 milhões de toneladas.
Outbreak of armyworms in eastern Bay of Plenty
Authors: Gerard P.J. , Addison P.J. , Hedley P. , Bell N.L. , Vink C.J.
Published: October 2019

Tropical armyworm (Spodoptera litura) caused widespread serious damage to Bay of Plenty lucerne crops and clover plantain and chicory in pastures in April and early May 2011 reaching populations at high as 100/m2 This outbreak was preceded by an outbreak of cosmopolitan armyworm (Mythimna separata) attacking maize and grasses Tropical armyworm is a minor pest of subtropical crops such as kumara in Northland The last widespread outbreak was in autumn 1975 and resulted in serious pasture and crop damage in Northland and Auckland and minor damage in Bay of Plenty Taranaki and Manawatu The current outbreak in Bay of Plenty may be climate related with a mild and extremely wet winter in 2010 above average spring and summer temperatures and near record summer rainfall These conditions may have allowed tropical armyworm to complete four generations to build up to outbreak levels In addition dry spring soil conditions during maize establishment meant poor weed control a known factor to predispose problems with cosmopolitan armyworm which has a similar life cycle to tropical armyworm Similar weather patterns are expected to increase in frequency with climate change
Phosphine fumigation to disinfest kiwifruit
Authors: Jamieson L.E. , Page-Weir N.E.M , Chhagan A , Brash D.W. , Klementz D. , Bycroft B.L. , Connolly P.G. , Waddell B.C. , Gilbertson R. , Bollen F. , Woolf A.B.
Published: October 2019

Global use of phosphine as a fumigant has increased in response to the need to replace methyl bromide and with the improved formulations ECO2FUME and VAPORPH3OS Phosphine is registered as a postharvest fumigant on kiwifruit in New Zealand and has been used commercially to reduce the risk of detecting live pests Scale insects mealybugs and diapausing twospotted spider mites were exposed to a range of phosphine treatments A 48h low temperature (1746C) fumigation (64083311 ppm) achieved 100 mortality of all life stages of oleander scale insects while a 12h exposure killed all longtailed mealybug life stages A 36h low temperature (2533C) fumigation (43322712 ppm) treatment achieved 100 mortality of all greedy scale insect life stages A 48 to 96h treatment (36001200 ppm) at 115C caused 913100 mortality of diapausing twospotted spider mite adults Use of phosphine as a commercial treatment for kiwifruit is discussed
Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae on Cryptomeria japonica a nonhost plant used as shelter belts in kiwifruit orchards
Authors: Vanneste J.L. , Moffat B.J. , Oldham J.M.
Published: October 2019

Pseudomonas syringae is a group of plant pathogenic bacteria that can survive in the environment outside their host plants The environment can therefore act as a reservoir for the pathogen The goal of this study was to determine whether Cryptomeria japonica one of the most common plant species used in the Bay of Plenty as shelter belts between blocks of kiwifruit could harbour Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (Psa) the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit To determine whether C japonica could constitute a source of inoculum potted plants maintained in a PC2 laboratory were inoculated with different concentrations of a streptomycinresistant derivative of Psa Populations of Psa were determined at regular intervals up to 18 days after inoculation In all experiments populations of Psa declined over time Therefore under laboratory conditions C japonica did not support the multiplication of the pathogen
Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae on the orchard floor over winter
Authors: Tyson J.L. , Rees-George J. , Curtis C.L. , Manning M.A. , Fullerton R.A.
Published: October 2019

Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (Psa) was first identified on kiwifruit (Actinidia spp) in New Zealand in November 2010 and has since caused serious losses particularly in Te Puke The role of fallen leaves and pruning debris in the lifecycle of Psa in New Zealand is unknown Survival of Psa was investigated in fallen leaves and cane prunings over winter 2011 Heavily infected leaves and cane prunings with Psa dieback symptoms were kept on the orchard floor and in the laboratory and assayed weekly for the presence of viable Psa At leaffall all leaves yielded live Psa Although detection frequency declined over time especially after 56 weeks Psa was still isolated from leaf litter 15 weeks after leaffall and cane prunings 11 weeks after winter pruning These results indicate that the pathogen overwinters readily in leaf litter and pruning debris representing a potential inoculum source for infection of new spring growth
Efficacy of phosphine fumigation of apples for codling moth (Cydia pomonella) disinfestation
Authors: Rogers D.J. , Bycroft B.L. , Somerfield K.G. , Brash D.W. , Klementz D. , Cole L.M. , Sharma N. , Taylor N.M. , Page B.B.C. , Connolly P.G. , Waddell B.C.
Published: October 2019

Codling moth although rare on New Zealand export pipfruit is a quarantine actionable pest that limits access to countries where it is not present and requires specific control measures during production Fumigation with phosphine gas is a disinfestation technology that has recently been extended to fresh produce Apples infested with codling moth fifth instar larvae and eggs were fumigated for two durations at concentrations from 500 to 3500 ppm phosphine at two temperatures Larval mortality assessed 3 days post fumigation at 05C increased with increasing dose with little difference between 48 and 72h treatments In contrast mortality after fumigation of larvae at 12C did not increase with dose and resulted in overall higher mortality than 05C Codling moth eggs were more susceptible to fumigation at 05C than at 12C; fumigation at 12C had minimal effect at all doses The implications for improved market access using phosphine fumigation are discussed
Development of multiple species mating disruption to control codling moth and leafrollers (Lepidoptera Tortricidae)
Authors: Lo P.L. , Walker J.T.S. , Horner R.M. , Hedderley D.I.
Published: October 2019

Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and leafrollers principally lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) are key pests of apples Pheromone mating disruption has until now required separate dispensers to be deployed for each pest group With 6001000 dispensers per ha for each species application costs are a significant factor limiting the wider adoption of multispecies mating disruption in New Zealand apple orchards The aim was to integrate the two disruption systems into a single dispenser and evaluate its performance against that of separate dispensers in paired block comparisons on four apple orchards The three measures of effectiveness pheromone trap catch suppression of moth mating and fruit damage at harvest all showed no statistical differences between the two treatments The performance of the new combination pheromone dispenser was equivalent to that when the two dispensers were deployed separately
Surveillance methods to determine tree health distribution of kauri dieback disease and associated pathogens
Authors: Waipara N.W. , Hill S. , Hill L.M.W. , Hough E.G. , Horner I.J.
Published: October 2019

Kauri dieback is a pest issue that is increasingly affecting kauri forests A water and soilborne pathogen Phytophthora taxon Agathis (PTA) has been identified as a causal agent of kauri dieback at multiple locations particularly within Auckland and Northland In 2008 a passive surveillance and adaptive management programme was initiated to manage the disease across the natural range of kauri Surveys were initially undertaken to determine the distribution and rate of spread of kauri dieback on private land in the Auckland region Methods to evaluate and monitor overall tree health disease symptoms and other potential contributing factors were developed Diagnostic sampling was undertaken to isolate and identify pathogens associated with kauri dieback Along with PTA other Phytophthora species and environmental stress were frequently associated with symptoms at over 400 properties inspected Further management is now required to develop control tools and mitigate further spread
Investigating the potential of Beauveria bassiana as a biocontrol agent for Fullers rose weevil (Naupactus cervinus)
Authors: Shaw P.W. , Wallis D.R. , Nelson T.L. , Jackson T.A.
Published: October 2019

Fullers rose weevil (FRW Naupactus cervinus) is a troublesome pest in pipfruit orchards since adult weevils often lay their eggs in irrigation sprinkler heads causing blockages throughout the season Adult weevils feed mainly on apple foliage and can damage and lay eggs on fruit The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana was assessed as a biocontrol agent against Fullers rose weevil in a field trial at a Nelson pipfruit orchard with a large FRW population Larvae of the pest live in the soil and are susceptible to strains of the fungus The trial consisted of five randomised treated and untreated threetree apple plots (10 m2) A granular formulation of the fungus was applied by hand (50 g/m2) in May 2012 and irrigated into the soil Soil samples were collected in September 2012 and analysis showed the fungus had established in treated plots In treated plots average numbers of larvae were reduced by 70 and in four of the five plots emerging adults were reduced by an average of 80 These preliminary results indicate the potential for a granular formulation of Beauveria bassiana to be used as a broadcast application against FRW in orchards
Natural dispersal of Cotesia rubecula the recently introduced larval parasitoid of Pieris rapae through the South Island
Authors: Walker G.P. , MacDonald F.H.
Published: October 2019

The natural dispersal of Cotesia rubecula the important larval parasitoid of Pieris rapae (small white butterfly) was assessed through the South Island over 2 years as part of an SFF project to improve management of foliage pests on forage vegetable and seed brassicas grown in the South Island This parasitoid has dispersed naturally from its initial release sites at Lincoln and Christchurch as far south as Dunedin airport as far north as north Cheviot and inland to Methven and Hanmer Springs However it has failed to establish in Southland and is not present in central Otago or Nelson/Marlborough Seasonal surveys indicate that this parasitoid is well synchronised with its host sometimes parasitising complete cohorts in a cropping area There is also strong evidence that C rubecula is displacing the earlier introduced and much less effective larval parasitoid Cotesia glomerata The hyperparasitoid Baryscapus galactopus is also affecting the new primary parasitoid A new SFF project is supporting the introduction of C rubecula into the Nelson/Marlborough region where its future interaction with C glomerata and possibly its other host Pieris brassicae (great white butterfly) a new incursion into New Zealand will be an interesting study
Phase Doppler technology for infield assessment of drift potential
Authors: Roten R.L. , Connell R.J. , Hewitt A.J.
Published: October 2019

Laserbased technologies for droplet analysis have existed for decades but most of these devices are not suitable to be moved once calibrated PhaseDoppler interferometer (PDI) technology has enabled the capture of live infield spray particle data such as the particle size distribution velocity and flux which are essential to accurately measure and model the drift of agricultural equipment The objective of this study was to develop and implement methods to determine if drift could be detected and if so to use the data obtained to crossreference its validity with spray drift models AGDISP and WTDISP The spray apparatus consisted of a 12V trailertype sprayer outfitted with a 50 cm high fournozzle boom with 110SG02 nozzles delivering 238 litres/ha at 34 bar This setup was selected to maximise the output of the sprayer and produce the worstcase drift scenario for the given spray system It was observed that driftable particles of a passing and a static sprayer could be detected within close proximity of 8400 cm2 These results also agreed with the model output generated
Tomato potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli Sulc) impacts on taewa seed quality and performance preliminary results
Authors: Puketapu A.J. , Gardner-Gee R.
Published: October 2019

Taewa (Solanum tuberosum L Maori potatoes) are susceptible to tomato potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli Sulc TPP) infestation and to infection with the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso) vectored by the psyllid Current growing systems used by taewa growers leave the crop highly vulnerable to TPP and Lso infection leading to potential reductions in seed tuber quality and harvestable yield Seed tubers for two virusfree taewa lines (Moemoe and Tutaekuri) grown under high (calendar spraying of insecticides) and low (reduced insecticide spray regime) levels of TPP protection in a zebra chip small plot trial during 2011/12 in Pukekohe were stored after harvest Tubers were later sorted into two seed size categories small (
Effects of sulphur on control of tomato potato psyllid in potato
Authors: Wright P.J. , Walker G.P. , Hedderley D.I.
Published: October 2019

Tomato potato psyllid (TPP) (Bactericera cockerelli) vectors Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum a phloemlimited bacterium that can cause a mottled browning discolouration (zebra chip; ZC) in fried crisps Sulphur is mainly used as a fungicide but is also registered in New Zealand as an insecticide against erineum mite (Colomerus vitis) on grapes A field trial to determine TPP response to foliarapplied sulphur found that weekly applications (no insecticides) significantly reduced psyllid nymph numbers in foliage compared with the control (nosulphur noinsecticide) However the incidence of severe ZC in frycooked tubers was higher in the weekly sulphur treatment than with a commercial insecticide spray programme Tubers from both the nonsprayed control and the weekly sulphur treatment had significantly lower yields and specific gravities than those treated with insecticide Sulphur applied alternately with insecticides gave similar results to the commercial insecticide programme promising for the industrys goal of reducing insecticide applications
A field trial to assess action thresholds for management of Bactericera cockerelli in main crop processing potatoes at Pukekohe
Authors: Walker G.P. , MacDonald F.H. , Puketapu A.J. , Wright P.J. , Connolly P.G. , Anderson J.A.D.
Published: October 2019

A main crop summer potato trial at Pukekohe assessed the damage caused by Bactericera cockerelli tomato potato psyllid (TPP) and investigated the use of action spray thresholds Five treatments were used infurrow insecticide and weekly blocks of foliar sprays; infurrow insecticide and one of three different thresholdbased foliar spray programmes; and no insecticides The thresholdbased spray programmes used either the number of TPP nymphs per middle leaf or the mean number of TPP adults per yellow sticky trap per week plus different modeofaction insecticide rotations Three treatments resulted in acceptable yield and specific gravity and a low incidence of zebra chip disease (ZC) These were the weekly treatment and two spray programmes based on a threshold of >3 TPP adults per trap per week where insecticide applications were reduced by 50 compared to the weekly applications
Relationships between kiwifruit bacterial canker disease and kiwifruit productivity
Authors: Froud K.J. , Cogger N. , Beresford R.M.
Published: October 2019

Bacterial canker disease caused by a virulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (PsaV) has affected kiwifruit vines in New Zealand since 2010 This study investigated the association of PsaV with productivity within Hayward and Hort16A varieties PsaV infection status and date of diagnosis for 3309 infected orchards were provided by Kiwifruit Vine Health while Zespri provided productivity data Linear regression models were constructed to determine the relationship between production and PsaV infection in Hayward and Hort16A orchards Results showed a significant relationship between the numbers of weeks PsaV was detected in Hort16A orchards and a reduction in productivity This was likely due to the removal of Hort16A vines or productive areas of canopy in response to the presence of severe symptoms within an orchard A similar significant relationship was also found in Hayward orchards although the reduction in productivity was smaller and took longer to develop than in Hort16A
Pathogenicity of four Phytophthora species on kauri in vitro and glasshouse trials
Authors: Horner I.J. , Hough E.G.
Published: October 2019

In kauri forest soils surveys Phytophthora taxon Agathis (PTA) P cinnamomi P multivora and P cryptogea were detected frequently In vitro and glasshouse studies determined that all four Phytophthora species produced lesions on excised kauri leaves and stems Lesion advance was significantly slower with P cinnamomi P multivora and P cryptogea than with PTA When 2yearold kauri seedlings were trunkinoculated lesion spread was rapid with PTA trunks were girdled and all trees died within 46 weeks Phytophthora cinnamomi P multivora and P cryptogea produced substantially smaller lesions than PTA no trees died and plant growth was only slightly suppressed Following soil inoculation with PTA all kauri seedlings died within 10 weeks There were no deaths following soil inoculation with P cinnamomi P multivora or P cryptogea although feeder root damage was observed and the respective pathogens were reisolated Results suggest that PTA is an aggressive pathogen and the other three species are weaker pathogens of kauri
A new pest management research facility Scions largescale precision track sprayer
Authors: Gous S.F. , Withers T.M. , Hewitt A.J.
Published: October 2019

A new large scale precision track sprayer has been developed and evaluated for spray deposition and pesticide application research under controlled conditions The spray room is fitted with a 4 m wide electrically driven boom suspended 4 m above ground running on a 12 m long Ibeam It is fitted with 9 independently controlled shut off valves and nozzles Sprays can be applied to live plant canopies up to 3 m tall within a 2 m times; 3 m sample area The number location and type of nozzle on the boom can be altered as can spray liquid pressure and boom speed in order to simulate a wide range of spray application scenarios Calibration of the largescale precision track sprayer has been undertaken for a range of droplet spectra from extremely coarse to very fine This paper documents the calibration results and discusses the potential use of this facility for pesticide application research
Influence of spray formulation surface tension on spray droplet adhesion and shatter on hairy leaves
Authors: Nairn J.J. , Forster W.A. , Van_Leeuwen R.M.
Published: October 2019

An empirical spray droplet adhesion model developed to predict the adhesion of spray formulations to nonhairy leaf surfaces based on their specific wettability has previously been improved to allow predictions to hairy leaves since it had been discovered that leaf hairs cause a significant consistent increase in droplet shatter compared to nonhairy leaves (superhairy leaves demonstrate distinctly different adhesion behaviour) The current study investigated the effect of spray formulation surface tension on droplet adhesion to hairy leaf surfaces The amount of shatter on hairy leaves was found to increase with decreasing surface tension The relationship derived improved the adhesion model This enables the model to better predict the effect of spray formulation on spray droplet adhesion of hairy leaf species
Effect of target wettability on spray droplet adhesion retention spreading and coverage artificial collectors versus plant surfaces
Authors: Forster W.A. , Gaskin R.E. , Strand T.M. , Manktelow D.W.L. , Van_Leeuwen R.M.
Published: October 2019

This study demonstrated that natural foliage and artificial collectors range in surface wettability affecting spray adhesion retention spreading and coverage Therefore the choice of artificial collector or natural foliage depends on the scientific question If the volume of spray available to the canopy or spray accountancy is to be determined then an artificial collector that will intercept and retain all of the spray is required Careful consideration of collector is required to meet stated objectives For example water sensitive paper is an excellent aid to sprayer setup but does not distinguish differences between formulations It also provides no indication of retention or coverage on the crop surface All artificial collectors tested were poor indicators of adhesion and retention by and spreading and coverage on natural plant surfaces and should not be substituted for natural plant surfaces in field trials attempting to quantify spray retention and coverage on the crop surfaces
Comparison of fire blight resistance screening methodologies
Authors: Horner M.B. , Hough E.G. , Hedderley D.I. , How N.M. , Bus V.G.M.
Published: October 2019

Fire blight a bacterial disease caused by Erwinia amylovora is an ongoing problem for pipfruit growers with few control options available Most commercial cultivars and rootstocks are highly susceptible to the disease Breeding of fire blightresistant scions and rootstocks to manage the disease is a major goal of the New Zealand apple breeding programme The main mode of disease establishment is through flowers However the breeding programme currently evaluates disease resistance through shoot inoculations This study compared the degree of resistance in 109 progeny from a Royal Gala times; Malus robusta Robusta 5 family assessed by shoot inoculation and by floral inoculations Results indicate that the two measures of resistance do not correlate well and that different quantitative trait loci may be involved in flower and shoot resistance Management of fire blight through the implementation of resistant cultivars will require resistance screening on both shoot and flower assessments
The potential distribution of yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) in New Zealand
Authors: Lamoureaux S.L. , Bourd?t G.W.
Published: October 2019

Yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) an invasive annual grass weed in North America Africa Australia and New Zealand has become a problem on dairy farms in the upper North Island To define its potential distribution in New Zealand an ecoclimatic model was constructed using CLIMEX The model was parameterised using the known distribution of the species in its native range in Eurasia and validated against its invaded range in North America The model predicted all known occurrences in New Zealand and revealed extensive tracts of land in both the North and South Islands that are currently climatically suitable yet according to current records unoccupied by the weed Under climate change this potential distribution increases substantially These results imply that yellow bristle grass could become a much wider problem on dairy farms throughout New Zealand and that management to limit its spread is justified
Forest efficacy trials on phosphite for control of kauri dieback
Authors: Horner I.J. , Hough E.G. , Horner M.B.
Published: October 2019

In 2012 trials were established in four kauri forest sites severely affected by kauri dieback (Phytophthora agathidicida P taxon Agathis PTA) to determine the potential of phosphorous acid (phosphite) as a control tool Baseline assessments of 162 trial trees included canopy disease rating trunk lesion dimensions and lesion activity (recent bleeding/ 20cm intervals around the trunk Control trees were left untreated After 1 year half the previously injected trees were reinjected in all cases with 75 phosphite Phytotoxicity symptoms (leaf yellowing browning or leaf/twig abscission) were noted in some phosphiteinjected trees particularly where the 20 concentration was used After 3 years many more trunk lesions remained active (expressing ooze continued expansion) in untreated trees (585) than in phosphitetreated trees (08) Average lesion expansion after 3 years was 127 cm in untreated and 04 cm in phosphitetreated trees
Control of powdery mildew on glasshousegrown roses and tomatoes in the Netherlands using anhydrous milk fat and soybean oil emulsions
Authors: Wurms K.V. , Hofland-Zijlstra J.D.
Published: October 2019

Powdery mildew (PM) is a very serious disease affecting glasshousegrown roses and tomatoes in the Netherlands Control is limited because of resistance to existing fungicides Anhydrous milk fat (AMF) and soybean oil (SBO) emulsions were evaluated for control of PM in roses and tomatoes Both AMF (14 g/litre) and SBO (14 g/litre) provided powdery mildew control on rose leaves and blooms that was significantly better (P
Apple Futures New Zealands low pesticide residue apple production programme
Authors: Walker J.T.S. , Park N.M. , Butcher M.R.
Published: October 2019

Apple Futures was a 3year initiative (200810) to implement a low pesticide residue production system for New Zealand apple growers targeting European Union (EU) supermarket food safety initiatives Its objectives included reducing pesticide residues to 8804;10 of the EU maximum residue limit and a maximum of three residues detected in any sample By 2010 >65 of export crops were grown following the Apple Futures programme that maximised early season disease management repositioned all pesticide use to minimise residues and increased use of noninsecticidal methods No insecticide residues were detected in 72 of crops while the remainder had very low residues New Zealands maritime climate restricted disease management outcomes; low residues of captan were found in most crops only 9 had no fungicide residues An economic analysis of Apple Futures found no impact on production costs while it preserved 113M in market revenue from EU exports between 2008 and 2011
Vulnerability of pest management in New Zealand apples pesticide toxicity to Aphelinus mali (Hymenoptera Encyrtidae)
Authors: Rogers D.J. , Lo P.L. , Walker J.T.S.
Published: October 2019

New pest management practices in New Zealands apple sector have provided ecological and economic outcomes that are recognised by growers and exporters Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) pest control systems that combine biological control selective insecticides and mating disruption have been developed to achieve these outcomes Although pest management in apple orchards is now more sustainable it is also highly vulnerable to pesticideinduced disruption The toxicity of four pesticides (spinetoram thiacloprid spinosad and spirotetramat) on the natural enemy of woolly apple aphid Aphelinus mali was examined While applications of spinetoram were the primary cause of aphid outbreaks in 200708 other insecticides can contribute to the instability of this biocontrol system The consequences of applying these disruptive pesticides to aphid control are discussed together with strategies to mitigate the vulnerability of the IFP programme to pest outbreaks
Comparison of application of root endophytic Trichoderma into established kiwifruit orchards
Authors: Stark C.H. , Hill R.A. , Cummings N. , Li J-H.
Published: October 2019

The kiwifruit disease Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (Psa) was first identified in New Zealand in 2010 and currently affects over 85 of the countrys kiwifruit orchard area This research focused on root endophytic Trichoderma as a biological control option for Psa as these fungi can limit the damaging effects of pathogens through antibiotic metabolites induce systemic resistance and improve plant health Promising biocontrol isolates were identified by inoculating kiwifruit with Trichoderma under controlled conditions and in the field before exposing them to Psa The mixture TriMix1 emerged as one of the best performing treatments consistently lowering disease incidence and increasing kiwifruit seedling longevity To assess persistence in kiwifruit roots and determine the best method to apply TriMix1 into existing orchards endophytic fungi were reisolated from kiwifruit roots at two organic NZ kiwifruit orchards following four treatments Trichoderma root application with (N) and without nutrient solution (T); surface application with vermicompost (V); untreated control (C) While similar numbers of Trichoderma were isolated from the two sites treatment effects were significant and treatments T V and N increased Trichoderma counts compared to the untreated control Inoculation of older orchard vines using a suitable application method facilitates the establishment of a strong root endophytic Trichoderma community that can improve plant health
Splash dispersal of Botryosphaeriaceae species in Marlborough vineyards
Authors: Shafi A. , Jaspers M.V. , Ridgway H.J. , Jones E.E.
Published: October 2019

Botryosphaeriaceae species cause dieback and canker in many woody hosts including grapevines with infection occurring when conidia are released during rainfall and splash borne to pruning and trimming wounds This study monitored dispersal of naturally released conidia of Botryosphaeriaceae species in three Marlborough vineyards with a Burkard spore trap and rain water traps Microscopic examination of the Burkard tape and trapped rain water confirmed the presence of Neofusicoccum and Diplodia spp Species were identified on tape and in rainwater with single stranded conformational polymorphism as N luteum N parvum/Nribis N australe D mutila and D seriata To determine conidium dispersal distances sporulating shoot lesions of N parvum isolate B2141 for which an isolate specific marker was developed were placed in one Marlborough vineyard before forecast rainfall periods The rainwater traps were set up around the sporulating lesions at 05 to 20 m in the direction of the prevailing wind and 05 to 5 m in three other directions After 2 days rain Neofusicoccum sp conidia were identified in the collected rainwater by microscope and with the isolate specific PCRRFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) for N parvum B2141 This isolate dispersed up to 10 m in the wind direction and up to 1 m in the other three directions
Olfactory responses of Epiphyas postvittana larvae to apple leaf extracts a new behavioural bioassay technique
Authors: Sullivan N.J. , Manning L.M. , Park K.C.
Published: October 2019

Epiphyas postvittana (lightbrown apple moth LBAM) is a polyphagous pest of horticulture native to Australia and introduced into New Zealand New Caledonia the British Isles Hawaii and California Olfactory responses of LBAM have been well studied but this has mostly been confined to adult moths In this study olfactory responses of LBAM larvae to apple leaf extracts were measured using a new laboratory bioassay technique for choice tests Apple leaf extracts were prepared using four different extraction methods methanol soak near boiling water dip chloroform soak and 70 ethanol blended The choice of larvae between an apple leaf extract and solvent control was examined and the bioassays were videorecorded in timelapse mode with an infraredenabled camera LBAM larvae were significantly attracted to some of the apple leaf extracts The results indicate that the new bioassay method can be used as a reliable tool for evaluating the olfactory attraction of LBAM larvae and most likely also of many other species Based on these findings an attempt will be made to identify the active compounds present in the apple leaves that are responsible for the larval attraction
The threat of myrtle rust to M257;ori taonga plant species in New Zealand
Authors: Teulon D.A.J. , Alipia T.T. , Ropata H.T. , Green J.M. , Rollinson S.L.H. Viljanen- , Cromey M.G. , Arthur K. , MacDiarmid R.M. , Waipara N.W. , Marsh A.T.
Published: October 2019

Myrtle rust caused by the pathogen Puccinia psidii is a disease of plants in the Myrtaceae that is currently not known to be present in New Zealand Its origin is Central/ South America but it has steadily spread around the world and is now found in Australia All New Zealand Myrtaceae species including indigenous species are at risk from myrtle rust infection but the extent of the impact on plant health is not known While the potential economic and environmental impacts of myrtle rust establishment in New Zealand have been well documented this paper explores potential sociocultural consequences for M257;ori All indigenous Myrtaceae species can be considered as taonga (or treasure) by M257;ori who have and continue to use the properties of some species in many ways (both tangible and intangible) Preparedness and response plans for a myrtle rust incursion in New Zealand should consider the values that M257;ori derive from these plants
Efficacy of ethyl formate as a disinfestation treatment for codling moth (Cydia pomonella) in apples
Authors: Jamieson L.E. , Page-Weir N.E.M. , Griffin M.J. , Redpath S.P. , Chhagan A. , Connolly P.G.
Published: October 2019

Codling moth (CM Cydia pomonella) is a pest of quarantine concern on apple exports to Asian markets Apples exported to Japan must be fumigated with methyl bromide (MB) and then cold stored Ethyl formate (EF) as an alternative to MB is effective against a range of pests This project investigated the effectiveness of EF to control an internal pest such as CM by determining the responses of key insect stages without fruit and inside apples Trials without fruit in a 2 h fumigation showed that latestage CM eggs and third instar CM larvae were the most tolerant life stages requiring a mean concentration of 134194 EF to achieve 99 mortality but 100 mortality of 4th/5th instar CM larvae Trials with CM in fruit in a 2 h fumigation showed that 113 EF resulted in 534 mortality of 4th/5th CM larvae inside apples Increasing the mean concentration to 24 EF increased the mortality of 4th/5th larvae inside apples to 852
Functional characteristics of New Zealand wheat rhizosphere Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates and their potential to inhibit invitro growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici
Authors: Warren R.M. , Chng S.F. , Butler R.C.
Published: October 2019

Pseudomonas fluorescens are soilinhabiting plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) linked with suppression of takeall of wheat a soilborne disease caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici (Ggt) PGPR increase plant growth by direct stimulation producing metabolites (such as 24diacetylphloroglucinol 24DAPG) to inhibit plant pathogens or by inducing host defence mechanisms Fortythree New Zealand P fluorescens isolates collected from wheat rhizospheres of different cropping histories were characterised for secondary metabolite production using biochemical assays and PCR analysis Their ability to inhibit the growth of Ggt was determined in dual plate assays All of the bacterial isolates produced siderophores and 10 isolates produced hydrogen cyanide (HCN) However none of the isolates produced indole acetic acid and the phlD gene responsible for the production of 24DAPG was not detected Isolates that showed at least 60 inhibition of Ggt growth were found to produce either HCN or high levels of siderophore The results suggest HCN and siderophores could play a role in suppressing Ggt and managing takeall in New Zealand
Molecular markers for quantification of bioactive fungal strains associated with Pinus radiata
Authors: Mellow K. , Chettri P. , Kabir S. , McDougal R.L. , Cox M.P. , Stewart A. , Cox M.P. , Stewart A. , Lange C. , Steyaert J.M. , Bradshaw R.E.
Published: October 2019

Trichoderma cf atroviride is an endophytic soil fungus which has been the target of much research due to its plant growth promoting effects and use as a biocontrol agent. For specific bioactive strains of this species to be used with longlived forest trees such as Pinus radiata they must persist over the long term in the host root system. To investigate the persistence of specific T cf atroviride strains in the roots of P radiata unique regions were identified in the genomes of strains that were more than 997 identical by using next generation sequencing. Based on these unique regions probebased strainspecific quantitative PCR assays were developed. The assays can be used to test strain persistence in nursery and forestgrown seedlings inoculated with mixtures of T cf atroviride strains as well as in laboratory experiments to determine the effect of these strains on plant metabolism and defence.
Natural occurrence of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana as a vertically transmitted endophyte of Pinus radiata and its effect on above and belowground insect pests
Authors: Lefort M.-C. , McKinnon A.C. , Nelson T.L. , Glare T.R.
Published: October 2019

The New Zealand forest industry would greatly benefit from a successful way of controlling insect pests The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana could hold such potential It has previously been shown to be capable of endophytic colonisation of the Monterey pine Pinus radiata We investigated B bassiana transmission in P radiata and whether this fungus while acting as an endophyte was beneficial to this tree species by testing its effect on above and belowground insect feeders Beauveria bassiana was detected in P radiata seedlings which had not previously been exposed to the fungus indicating a vertical mode of transmission The presence of the fungus negatively affected the fitness of belowground insects feeding on the plant by reducing their survival by over 10 and their weight by about 5 This verticallytransmitted beneficial endophyte of pine could be used costeffectively to control insect pests in commerciallygrown P radiata plantations
Freezing and melting conditions affect the viability of Neonectria ditissima conidia
Authors: Fisher B.M. , Taylor T.A. , Flórez-Palacios L.M. , Hedderley D.I. , Scheper R.W.A.
Published: October 2019

Different freezing and melting conditions of conidial suspensions of Neonectria ditissima were examined to determine optimal longterm storage conditions Four concentrations of glycerol two freezing temperatures and three melting methods were compared using two isolates RS305p with singlecelled conidia and RS324p with multicelled conidia After 10 months conidia of RS305p had significantly higher germination rates than those of RS324p Glycerol added to conidial suspensions before freezing reduced the germination rate significantly Suspensions frozen at 80C had significantly higher germination rates than those at 20C Defrosting in a 20C water bath resulted in significantly higher germination rates than defrosting in ice water However freezing for 10 months at 80C without glycerol reduced the conidial germination rate of RS324p from 65 before freezing to 8 In contrast the conidial germination rate of RS305p frozen in the same conditions increased from 15 to 74 More research is needed to determine optimal storage conditions
Спектрофотометрическое определение натрия продроната в лекарственном средстве для лечения остеопороза
Authors: Булыга Д. М. , Попова Ольга Павловна , Рудаковская Е. Б. , Куваева З. И. , Лопатик Д. В.
Published: October 2019

Разработана и валидирована методика спектрофотометрического определения натрия продроната в таблетках, основанная на измерении абсорбции комплекса Cu(II) — продронат в ацетатном буфере при 237 ± 2 нм. Методика отвечает требованиям ГФ РБ, предъявляемым к методикам количественного определения лекарственных веществ, и может быть рекомендована к использованию в Государственной инспекции контроля качества лекарственных средств, а также ОТК химико-фармацевтических предприятий.
Влияние блокады NK1-рецепторов на абдоминальную ноцицепцию у бодрствующих собак
Authors: Любашина Ольга Анатольевна , Бусыгина И. И.
Published: October 2019

В опытах на бодрствующих собаках впервые продемонстрирован дозозависимый тормозный эффект блокады NK1-рецепторов маропитанта цитратом в отношении абдоминальной ноцицепции. Препарат в дозе 1 мг/кг уменьшал висцеромоторную (сокращение брюшных мышц) реакцию на ноцицептивное растяжение ректальной области толстой кишки в среднем на (65,9 ± 5,1) % (p < 0,0001), но не оказывал существенного влияния на вызванную такой стимуляцией тахикардию. Увеличение дозы NK1-антагониста до 1,25 мг/кг приводило к значительному и продолжительному (не менее 90 мин) угнетению обеих рефлекторных реакций в среднем на (77,6 ± 4,9) % и (39,1 ± 8,6) %, соответственно (p < 0,0001, критерий Фридмана), что свидетельствует о развитии висцеральной анальгезии. Полученные данные указывают на целесообразность дальнейшего изучения антагонистов NK1-рецепторов в качестве потенциальных анальгетических средств для лечения абдоминальных болевых синдромов.