bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Facial Features Does the Pediatrician Look to Decide That a Newborn Is Feeling Pain?
Authors: Silva Giselle Valério Teixeira da , Barros Marina Carvalho de Moraes , Soares Juliana do Carmo Azevedo , Carlini Lucas Pereira , Heiderich Tatiany Marcondes , Orsi Rafael Nobre , Balda Rita de Cássia Xavier , Thomaz Carlos Eduardo , Guinsburg Ruth
Published: June 2021

Objective The study aimed to analyze the gaze fixation of pediatricians during the decision process regarding the presence/absence of pain in pictures of newborn infants.

Study Design Experimental study, involving 38 pediatricians (92% females, 34.6 ± 9.0 years, 22 neonatologists) who evaluated 20 pictures (two pictures of each newborn: one at rest and one during a painful procedure), presented in random order for each participant. The Tobii-TX300 equipment tracked eye movements in four areas of interest of each picture (AOI): mouth, eyes, forehead, and nasolabial furrow. Pediatricians evaluated the intensity of pain with a verbal analogue score from 0 to 10 (0 = no pain; 10 = maximum pain). The number of pictures in which pediatricians fixed their gaze, the number of gaze fixations, and the total and average time of gaze fixations were compared among the AOI by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The visual-tracking parameters of the pictures' evaluations were also compared by ANOVA according to the pediatricians' perception of pain presence: moderate/severe (score = 6–10), mild (score = 3–5), and absent (score = 0–2). The association between the total time of gaze fixations in the AOI and pain perception was assessed by logistic regression.

Results In the 20 newborn pictures, the mean number of gaze fixations was greater in the mouth, eyes, and forehead than in the nasolabial furrow. Also, the average total time of gaze fixations was greater in the mouth and forehead than in the nasolabial furrow. Controlling for the time of gaze fixation in the AOI, each additional second in the time of gaze fixation in the mouth (odds ratio [OR]: 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.46) and forehead (OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.02–1.33) was associated with an increase in the chance of moderate/severe pain presence in the neonatal facial picture.

Conclusion When challenged to say whether pain is present in pictures of newborn infants' faces, pediatricians fix their gaze preferably in the mouth. The longer duration of gaze fixation in the mouth and forehead is associated with an increase perception that moderate/severe pain is present.

Key Points
Effects of Kangaroo Mother Care on Repeated Procedural Pain and Cerebral Oxygenation in Preterm Infants
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Linping , Dong Wenbin , Zhang Rong
Published: June 2021

Objective The study aimed to investigate the effects of kangaroo mother care (KMC) on repeated procedural pain and cerebral oxygenation in preterm infants.

Study Design Preterm infants of 31 to 33 weeks of gestational age were randomly divided into an intervention group (n = 36) and a control group (n = 37). Premature infant pain profile (PIPP) scores, heart rate, oxygen saturation, regional cerebral tissue oxygenation saturation (rcSO2), and cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE) were evaluated during repeated heel stick procedures. Each heel stick procedure included three phases: baseline, blood collection, and recovery. KMC was given to the intervention group 30 minutes before baseline until the end of the recovery phase.

Results Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed lower PIPP scores and heart rates, higher oxygen saturation, and rcSO2 from the blood collection to recovery phases during repeated heel sticks. Moreover, there were significant changes in cFTOE for the control group, but not the intervention group associated with repeated heel stick procedures.

Conclusion The analgesic effect of KMC is sustained over repeated painful procedures in preterm infants, and it is conducive to stabilizing cerebral oxygenation, which may protect the development of brain function.

Key Points
Die Linde
Authors: Beiser Rudi , Stern Cornelia , Rosenhauer Natalie
Published: June 2021

In der Gemmotherapie werden ihre Knospen verwendet. In der Baum-Meditation weiß man um ihre heilsame Energie. Die Anthroposophie setzt unter anderem auf die in Symbiose mit dem Baum lebende Mistel. Drei Experten erklären ihre Linde.
Dispersion and the speed-limited particle-in-cell algorithm
Authors: Jenkins Thomas G. , Werner Gregory R. , Cary John R.
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses temporally continuous and discrete forms of the speed-limited particle-in-cell (SLPIC) method first treated by Werner et al. [Phys. Plasmas 25, 123512 (2018)]. The dispersion relation for a 1D1V electrostatic plasma whose fast particles are speed-limited is derived and analyzed. By examining the normal modes of this dispersion relation, we show that the imposed speed-limiting substantially reduces the frequency of fast electron plasma oscillations while preserving the correct physics of lower-frequency plasma dynamics (e.g., ion acoustic wave dispersion and damping). We then demonstrate how the time step constraints of conventional electrostatic particle-in-cell methods are relaxed by the speed-limiting approach, thus enabling larger time steps and faster simulations. These results indicate that the SLPIC method is a fast, accurate, and powerful technique for modeling plasmas wherein electron kinetic behavior is nontrivial (such that a fluid/Boltzmann representation for electrons is inadequate) but evolution is on ion timescales.
Computing the Paschen curve for argon with speed-limited particle-in-cell simulation
Authors: Theis Joseph G. , Werner Gregory R. , Jenkins Thomas G. , Cary John R.
Published: June 2021

Upon inclusion of collisions, the speed-limited particle-in-cell (SLPIC) simulation method successfully computed the Paschen curve for argon. The 1D3V simulations modeled an electron cascade across an argon-filled capacitor, including electron-neutral ionization, electron-neutral elastic collisions, electron-neutral excitation, and ion-induced secondary electron emission. In electrical breakdown, the timescale difference between ion and electron motion makes traditional PIC methods computationally slow. To decrease this timescale difference and speed up computation, we used SLPIC, a time-domain algorithm that limits the speed of the fastest electrons in the simulation. The SLPIC algorithm facilitates a straightforward, fully kinetic treatment of dynamics and collisions. SLPIC was as accurate as PIC, but ran up to 200 times faster. SLPIC accurately computed the Paschen curve for argon over three orders of magnitude in pressure.
Controlled generation of photoemissive defects in 4H-SiC using swift heavy ion irradiation
Authors: Chakravorty Anusmita , Singh Budhi , Jatav Hemant , Meena Ramcharan , Kanjilal D. , Kabiraj D.
Published: June 2021

Defects in SiC have shown tremendous capabilities for quantum technology-based applications, making it necessary to achieve on-demand, high-concentration, and uniform-density defect ensembles. Here, we utilize 100 MeV Ag swift heavy ion irradiation on n-type and semi-insulating 4H-SiC for the controlled generation of the defects that have attracted a lot of attention. Photoluminescence spectroscopy shows strong evidence of VSi emitters in semi-insulating 4H-SiC. Additionally, irradiation generates photo-absorbing centers that enhance the optical absorption, suppressing the luminescence intensity at higher fluences (ions/cm2). In n-type 4H-SiC, irradiation drastically increases the inter-conduction band transitions, attributed to absorption from trap centers. A clear correlation is found between (i) loss in the intensity of E2 (TO) Raman signal and the enhancement in absorbance at 532 nm and (ii) decoupling of the longitudinal optical phonon–plasmon coupled Raman mode and the reduction in carrier concentration. The optical bandgap decreases with irradiation fluence for semi-insulating 4H-SiC. This is attributed to the formation of disorder and strain-induced localized electronic states near the band edges.
Valley polarized conductance quantization in bilayer graphene narrow quantum point contact
Authors: Sakanashi Kohei , Wada Naoto , Murase Kentaro , Oto Kenichi , Kim Gil-Ho , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Bird Jonathan P. , Ferry David K. , Aoki Nobuyuki
Published: June 2021

In this study, we fabricated quantum point contacts narrower than 100 nm by using an electrostatic potential to open the finite bandgap by applying a perpendicular electric field to bilayer graphene encapsulated between hexagonal boron nitride sheets. The conductance across the quantum point contact was quantized at a high perpendicular-displacement field as high as 1 V/nm at low temperature, and the quantization unit was 2e2/h instead of mixed spin and valley degeneracy of 4e2/h. This lifted degeneracy state in the quantum point contact indicates the presence of valley polarized state coming from potential profile or effective displacement field in one-dimensional channel.
Holographic x-ray detection: A method for high resolution, high efficiency x-ray detection with differential phase contrast
Authors: Herring G. K. , Hesselink L.
Published: June 2021

Typical x-ray detectors have a fundamental trade-off between resolution and quantum efficiency (QE). High quantum efficiency x-ray detection requires a thick conversion medium, but decreases the resolution due to limited pixel aspect ratios for both direct and indirect x-ray detection. We present a method for x-ray detection, holographic x-ray detection, which uses photorefractive materials to create a high resolution and high efficiency detector. The x-ray image is recorded in the volume of the photorefractive material, bypassing the aspect ratio issue of typical x-ray detectors. Holographic x-ray detection operates in three stages: recording an x-ray hologram in a photorefractive crystal, reading the hologram with visible light, and then erasing the hologram using ultraviolet light. We have experimentally demonstrated holographic x-ray detection with a resolution of 208 lp/mm (80% QE at 40 keV), an order of magnitude resolution improvement over commercially available x-ray detectors while maintaining > 80% QE.
Above-threshold ionization driven by Gaussian laser beams: beyond the electric dipole approximation
Authors: Böning B , Fritzsche S
Published: June 2021

Strong-field atomic experiments have recently become sensitive to nondipole (magnetic) interactions. In particular, photoelectrons emitted in above-threshold ionization possess a nonzero momentum along the beam axis as a result of the Lorentz force. Here, we show how this longitudinal momentum can be theoretically calculated based on a nondipole strong-field approximation that accounts not only for the temporal but also the spatial dependence of the laser field in the photoelectron continuum. If the driving laser beam is approximated as a plane wave, the theoretical values differ from known experimental results by a constant offset. We demonstrate that this offset can successfully be removed if a realistic Gaussian beam profile is accounted for in the quantum description of ATI. We also discuss the influence of the size of the beam waist in the focus.
Collective particle dynamics of molten NaCl by inelastic x-ray scattering
Authors: Demmel F , Hosokawa S , Pilgrim W-C
Published: June 2021

An inelastic x-ray scattering experiment has been performed on molten NaCl over wide wave vector and energy transfer ranges. Data of high statistical quality are analyzed using a memory function approach within a generalized Langevin equation. The approach with two relaxation times for the memory function provides a very good data description over the whole wave vector range beyond the hydrodynamic regime. A slow thermal and a fast structural relaxation process in the memory function completely define the density fluctuations in molten NaCl and evidences the thermal-viscoelastic model as the minimal description for collective particle dynamics in molten alkali halides. The obtained excitation frequencies demonstrate a large positive dispersion effect, which can be related to the viscoelastic reaction of the molten salt. A transition from the viscoelastic to a hydrodynamic response of the molten salt at small wave vectors is observed. In the hydrodynamic regime the resulting thermal diffusivity agrees well with values obtained through light scattering. The modeling indicates some deficiencies at small wave vectors and large energy transfers and the spectra of the current correlation function evidences additional intensity at high frequency. The frequency of these additional modes approach a non-zero value at zero wave vector and indicates a non-acoustic character of these excitations. The frequency center of this additional inelastic intensity coincides with optic-type modes in molten NaCl predicted by simulations.
Numerics and computation in gyrokinetic simulations of electromagnetic turbulence with global particle-in-cell codes
Authors: Mishchenko A , Biancalani A , Bottino A , Hayward-Schneider T , Lauber Ph , Lanti E , Villard L , Kleiber R , Könies A , Borchardt M
Published: June 2021

Electromagnetic turbulence is addressed in tokamak and stellarator plasmas with the global gyrokinetic particle-in-cell codes ORB5 (E Lanti et al, Comp. Phys. Comm., 251, 107072 (2020)) and EUTERPE (V Kornilov et al, Phys. Plasmas, 11, 3196 (2004)). The large-aspect-ratio tokamak, down-scaled ITER, and Wendelstein 7-X geometries are considered. The main goal is to increase the plasma beta, the machine size, the ion-to-electron mass ratio, as well as to include realistic-geometry features in such simulations. The associated numerical requirements and the computational cost for the cases on computer systems with massive GPU deployments are investigated. These are necessary steps to enable electromagnetic turbulence simulations in future reactor plasmas.
Long-lived coherence in driven many-spin systems: from two to infinite spatial dimensions
Authors: Hahn Walter , Dobrovitski V V
Published: June 2021

Long-lived coherences, emerging under periodic pulse driving in the disordered ensembles of strongly interacting spins, offer immense advantages for future quantum technologies, but the physical origin and the key properties of this phenomenon remain poorly understood. We theoretically investigate this effect in ensembles of different dimensionality, and predict existence of the long-lived coherences in all such systems, from two-dimensional to infinite-dimensional (where every spin is coupled to all others with similar strength), which are of particular importance for quantum sensing and quantum information processing. We explore the transition from two to infinite dimensions, and show that the long-time coherence dynamics in all dimensionalities is qualitatively similar, although the short-time behavior is drastically different, exhibiting dimensionality-dependent singularity. Our study establishes the common physical origin of the long-lived coherences in different dimensionalities, and suggests that this effect is a generic feature of the strongly coupled spin systems with positional disorder. Our results lay out foundation for utilizing the long-lived coherences in a range of application, from quantum sensing with two-dimensional spin ensembles, to quantum information processing with the infinitely-dimensional spin systems in the cavity-QED settings.
Multi-messenger astrophysics with the cosmic neutrino background
Authors: Tully Christopher G. , Zhang Gemma
Published: June 2021

The massive neutrinos of the Cosmic Neutrino Background (CνB) are fundamental ingredients of the radiation-dominated early universe and are important non-relativistic probes of the large-scale structure formation in the late universe. The dominant source of anisotropies in the neutrino flux distribution on the sky are highly amplified integrals of metric perturbations encountered during the non-relativistic phase of the CνB. This paper numerically compares the line-of-sight methods for computing CνB anisotropies with the Einstein-Boltzmann hierarchy solutions in linear theory for a range of neutrino masses. Angular power spectra are computed that are relevant to a future polarized tritium target run of the PTOLEMY experiment. Correlations between the CνB sky maps and galactic survey data are derived using line-of-sight techniques and discussed in the context of multi-messenger astrophysics.
Reconstruction of potentials of hybrid inflation in the light of primordial black hole formation
Authors: Choi Ki-Young , Kang Su-beom , Raveendran Rathul Nath
Published: June 2021

The large enhancement of the primordial power spectrum of the curvature perturbation can seed the formation of primordial black hole, that can play as a dark matter component in the Universe. In the literature, the enhanced power spectrum was calculated from the inflationary potential. However, in this paper, we show that a potential of multi scalar fields can be reconstructed from a given power spectrum which is made of a scale-invariant one on large scales and the other with a peak on small scales. In this reconstructed potential, the slow-roll of the second field in the curved trajectory is responsible for the generation of a peak in the power spectrum on small scales through the isocurvature perturbation. With multi scalar fields, the reconstructed potential may not be unique and we can find different potentials from a given power spectrum.
New method and system of automatically moving a CMM probe tip into holes with submillimeter diameter and high aspect ratio
Authors: Cheng Z.-Y. , Luan H. , Sun Y. , Li R.-J. , Li H.-L. , Pan Q.-S. , Huang Q.-X.
Published: June 2021

The demand of measuring the internal topography of holes with submillimeter diameter and high aspect ratio is increasing. However, moving a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) probe tip into a submillimeter hole manually is extremely difficult because the diameters of the probe tip and the hole are extremely small to be seen clearly with human eyes. An automatic measuring method and system is presented in this study to simplify the operation and improve the measuring efficiency. A micro CMM system was built. Two cameras were used to image the probe tip and the holes to be measured. The obtained images were magnified, and the edges of the probe tip and the holes were extracted. The image coordinates of the center points of the probe tip and the hole were obtained. The center coordinate values of the probe tip and the hole in the world coordinate system were achieved using the principle of binocular stereo vision. The probe tip was moved into the holes by the differences in the obtained coordinate values. Experiments were conducted. The effectiveness of the proposed method and system was verified by moving the probe tip into a hole with 1 mm diameter. This method can be used to assist in the measurement of deep submillimeter holes, especially in nonbatch measurement situations.
Probabilistic assessments of the impacts of compound dry and hot events on global vegetation during growing seasons
Authors: Hao Ying , Hao Zengchao , Fu Yongshuo , Feng Sifang , Zhang Xuan , Wu Xinying , Hao Fanghua
Published: June 2021

The response of vegetation to climate extremes, including droughts and hot extremes, has been evaluated extensively in recent decades. However, quantitative assessments of individual and combined impacts of dry and hot conditions on vegetation are rather limited. In this study, we developed a multivariate approach for analyzing vegetation responses to dry, hot, and compound dry-hot conditions from a probabilistic perspective using precipitation, temperature, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the period from 1982 to 2015. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Temperature Index (STI) were used to define individual and compound dry and hot conditions. Based on the diagnosis of the correlation between SPI/STI and NDVI during growing seasons, we investigated the conditional probability of vegetation decline under different climate conditions. The results showed that vegetation was affected by compound dry and hot conditions (defined as SPI ⩽ −1.3 and STI > 1.3) in arid and semi-arid regions. In these regions, the conditional probabilities of vegetation decline under compound dry and hot conditions increased by 7% and 28% compared with those under individual dry and hot conditions, respectively. The impact of compound dry and hot events on vegetation for different biomes was also assessed. Temperate grassland was found to be particularly vulnerable to compound dry and hot conditions. This study highlights the necessity of considering compound dry and hot extremes when assessing vegetation responses to climate extremes under global warming.
Ecobiology of horseshoe crab in Brebes, Northern Coast of Java: Preliminary study
Authors: Wijaya D , Putri M R A , Suryandari A , Nurfiarini A
Published: June 2021

Horseshoe crabs are known as living fossils and three species are found in Indonesia where all of them are being protected. The research aimed to assess ecology, species composition, and biological aspects in Brebes estuary. The research was conducted in August and October 2017 in Brebes Estuary. Samples were caught using local fishermen and experimental gears. Parameters of water quality were observed insitu and substrate was analyzed in the laboratory. The horseshoe crabs were measured morphologically, their stomach and eggs were taken to be analyzed in the laboratory. Total specimens of horseshoe crabs were 33 individuals (Tachypleusgigas=8;Carsinoscorpius rotundicauda=25). T. gigashas 16.3-22.6 cm of prosomal width and 216.1-717.0 gram of weight.C. rotundicaudahas 11.2-14.5 cm of prosomal width and 96.0-275.5 gram of weight. Stations with a muddy sand substrate (silt >50%) have the highest number of captured horseshoe crabs. Food habits ofT. gigasare macrophytes and detritus whileC. rotundicaudaare macrophytes, molluscs, annelids, and coral. Niche breadth ofC. rotundicaudawere wider thanT. gigas. High niche overlap value betweenT. gigasandC. rotundicaudaindicates high competition in utilizing food sources. The fecundity ofC. rotundicaudawas higher thanT. gigasbut the egg diameter ofC. rotundicaudasmaller thanT. gigas.
The concept of outer small island information systems
Authors: Djunarsjah E , Putra A P , Nusantara C A D S , Yudistira K
Published: June 2021

The outermost small islands in Indonesian waters have a strategic value in representing Indonesia in the border area as a gateway for the entry of foreign vessels into Indonesian territorial waters. With 111 islands scattered in Indonesian waters, the condition and status of their utilization are not widely known by the public. As a result, these islands are not fully utilized and their existence tends to be ignored by either the Government or the community. This research is aimed at providing a special information system platform related to the outermost small islands in Indonesian waters that can be easily accessed by the public. By utilizing spatial data that is already owned by Ministries / Institutions in Indonesia, we can present it on a web-based platform as a means of publishing marine information that can be used by the public. The data collected is in the form of a national portal that can be accessed from the pages of the Ministries/Agencies, which can then be processed to present the information needed by the government and the public in utilizing the islands. With the existence of an information system for small islands, the public can access data on these islands and participate actively in building and managing the outer islands which are the front pages of the Republic of Indonesia.
Spatial and temporal distribution of anchovy density in Inner Ambon Bay on dry season (December-February)
Authors: Latumeten J , Latumeten V D V
Published: June 2021

Inner Ambon Bay is a small pelagic fish fishing ground, especially anchovy. Anchovy plays important role in the skipjack fishery as live bait in Ambon city. Nevertheless, research for its resource management is rarely done. The aims of the research are to obtain information of density, vertical distribution and horizontal distribution of anchovy on Dry Season. Densities data of anchovy were collected using hydro-acoustic device at six parallel transect lines and one cross- parallel transect line. Geo-statistical analysis technique was used to describe horizontal distribution of anchovy meanwhile, to observe vertical distribution pattern, vertical anchovy data was plotted on the graph. Result shows that lower average density of anchovy was found in January while higher density was in February. On vertical distribution, anchovy was distributed from near surface to 35 m depth layer, but higher densities were found at 25 m depth layer in December and February respectively and in January at 30 m of depth layer. On horizontal distribution, lower density of anchovy occupies a large space, in contrast, higher density was in small fish schools occupy a small space and are scattered in given parts of Inner Ambon Bay but at differ locations between months.
Community structure of conches (Strombus spp) in seagrass bed of Haria, Central Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Uneputty P A , Lopulalan M , Natan Y , Pattikawa J A , Tetelepta J M S , Ongkers O T S
Published: June 2021

The coastal community especially women and children in Maluku usually utilize marine organisms when low tide or locally known as bameti. The gear use in this activity is simple such as spear, knife, and digger, or even by using bare hand. One of the target marine organisms is the conch (Strombus spp) that lives in the coastal area on a seagrass bed. This research was conducted to study the community structure of Strombus spp in Haria coastal waters, Central Maluku, Indonesia in February 2020. The sample was collected by using transect linear quadrate with the size of quadrate is 1൱m2. As many as 297 individuals of Strombus spp were collected during the study which consists of five species namely Strombus labiatus, S. mutabilis, S. urceus, S. gibberulus, and S. luhuanus.
S. labiatus has the highest density and occurrence frequency while the lowest belongs to S. luhuanus. Based on ecological indexes, Strombus spp in the area have high diversity and high evenness with low dominance.
Fattening of mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) in wooden pen and plastic container
Authors: Lopulalan Y , Pattikawa J A , Ode I , Wawo M , Natan Y , Tetelepta J M S , Ongkers O T S
Published: June 2021

Research to study fattening of mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) was conducted in the coastal waters of Wael Village, Western Seram Regency, Maluku Province Eastern Indonesia from September to October 2018. Two methods were used for fattening namely wooden pen and plastic container. Totally, there are 54 individuals of mangrove crab used in this study which consists of 30 individuals maintained in wooden pen and 24 individual kept in plastic container during five periods of research for two months. The results showed that at the end of the research, mangrove crabs kept in wooden pen had better growth than those maintained in plastic container. Even though they had same survival, the results of economic analysis showed that only mangrove crab in the wooden pen have a good price so that the investment gets a profit, while investing in mangrove crabs kept in plastic container becomes a loss.
Business feasibility assessment of floating cage system of trevallies in Inner Ambon Bay
Authors: Ayal F W , Lewerissa Y A
Published: June 2021

Study on the feasibility of a floating cage cultivation business of Trevally in Inner Ambon Bay (IAB) waters was done to analyse the production factors of floating cage system and to analyse the feasibility business of floating cage system in IAB. This research was conducted in IAB considering most of floating cage distribution are located in the area. Data collection was carried out on floating cage cultivation business units in IAB waters, which consisted of 10 cultivation units according to the management group. Result of this research showed that the factors of production in the Trevallies aquaculture business unit in IAB are supply of feed that cover mostly operational cost and unavailability of feed suppliers, supply of fish seeds from Marine Cultivation and Seed Center Waiheru Ambon and the availability of labour ranging from 2-5 people per business unit. The cultivation of Trevallies in IAB using the floating cage method is very feasible and profitable to run.
The sensory profile of Lutjanus sp and Cephalopholis sp kept in Atung Parinarium glaberimum Hassk powder, ice and its combination
Authors: Moniharapon T , Pattipeilohy F , Moniharapon D L
Published: June 2021

Nowadays bioactive compound from plant are used to support pharmacological industry, while in food industry it is encouraged as preservatives, either as antioxidant or antibacterial. Atung plant (Parinarium glaberimum Hassk) is endemic in Mollucas. Fruits of Atung have been used for hundred of years by the local fishermen when they go fishing. Efforts to preserved fresh food especially fish were continually pursue by using natural preserver which contained bioactive compound as anti-bacteria both patogen and spoilage. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectivenes and to get information on the sensory quality of post-harvested using Lutjanus sp. and Cephalopholis sp. kept in atung, ice and a combination of atung and ice. The fishes were kept in 0.3% atung (W/W). ice (1:1) and a mixture of atung and ice, with shelf-life of freshness of 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 hours. Sensory quality test was conducted by using descriptive test with scale ranged from 1-9. Quality parameters observed were the appearance consist of eyes, gill, body surface, slime, flesh and stomach; odour; and consistency. Firstly, the results showed that treatment atung and ice is the prime sensory quality was at 18th with scale values of 8.2 and 18th with scale values of 8.2 for Lutjanus sp. and Cephalopholis sp., respectively. Secondly, the results showed that sensory quality of postharvested fresh Lutjanus sp. kept in atung and ice was the best treatment and with longer shelf-life of freshness, i.e 36 hours at 6.1 scale. Application of atungs powder were more practical, efficient and cheaper than ice. As an alternative preservative fresh fish food by the fishermen. It is the best strategic in Mollucas because atung is endemic plant. It’s can be applied to archipelago community in Mollucas with the characteristic of small islands.
Small island women in the sustainability of household livelihoods: case study in Romang Island, Southwest Maluku Regency
Authors: Sopamena J F , Pattiselanno A E
Published: June 2021

Women play important role in fulfilling household needs. Apart from carrying out domestic activities, women are also active in public activities as an effort to maintain the sustainability of household livelihoods. This research is aimed to analyze the position of women in the sustainability of household livelihoods. Qualitative approach was used where data were collected with in-depth interview. Informants were selected using snowball method, and eight women were obtained. Result of research showed that women start to enter public world and seem capable to cope with public complexities. Public world is a place where work orientation is shifting from subsistence to commercial. Work commercialization requires women to do more varying activities including selling production outputs. Women must wander through villages or village markets in order to get a good sale. Although the activities are varying with livelihoods sources, but those represent the effort to maintain the sustainability of household livelihoods.
Recent progress of the Computational 2D Materials Database (C2DB)
Authors: Gjerding Morten Niklas , Taghizadeh Alireza , Rasmussen Asbjørn , Ali Sajid , Bertoldo Fabian , Deilmann Thorsten , Knøsgaard Nikolaj Rørbæk , Kruse Mads , Larsen Ask Hjorth , Manti Simone , Pedersen Thomas Garm , Petralanda Urko , Skovhus Thorbjørn , Svendsen Mark Kamper , Mortensen Jens Jørgen , Olsen Thomas , Thygesen Kristian Sommer
Published: June 2021

The Computational 2D Materials Database (C2DB) is a highly curated open database organising a wealth of computed properties for more than 4000 atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials. Here we report on new materials and properties that were added to the database since its first release in 2018. The set of new materials comprise several hundred monolayers exfoliated from experimentally known layered bulk materials, (homo)bilayers in various stacking configurations, native point defects in semiconducting monolayers, and chalcogen/halogen Janus monolayers. The new properties include exfoliation energies, Bader charges, spontaneous polarisations, Born charges, infrared polarisabilities, piezoelectric tensors, band topology invariants, exchange couplings, Raman spectra and second harmonic generation spectra. We also describe refinements of the employed material classification schemes, upgrades of the computational methodologies used for property evaluations, as well as significant enhancements of the data documentation and provenance. Finally, we explore the performance of Gaussian process-based regression for efficient prediction of mechanical and electronic materials properties. The combination of open access, detailed documentation, and extremely rich materials property data sets make the C2DB a unique resource that will advance the science of atomically thin materials.
Which homotopy algebras come from transfer?
Authors: Markl Martin , Rogers Christopher
Published: June 2021

We characterize

A
∞

A_\infty

-structures that are equivalent to a given transferred structure over a chain homotopy equivalence or a quasi-isomorphism, answering a question posed by D. Sullivan. Along the way, we present an obstruction theory for weak \text{

A
∞

A_\infty

-morphisms} over an arbitrary commutative ring. We then generalize our results to

P

∞

\mathcal {P}_\infty

-structures over a field of characteristic zero, for any quadratic Koszul operad

P

\mathcal {P}

.
On separated bump conditions for Calderón-Zygmund operators
Authors: Lerner Andrei
Published: June 2021

We improve bump conditions for the two-weight boundedness of Calderón-Zygmund operators introduced recently by R. Rahm and S. Spencer [Israel J. Math. 223 (2018), pp. 197–204].
The ∂̄-dressing method for the (2+1)-dimensional Jimbo-Miwa equation
Authors: Chai Xuedong , Zhang Yufeng , Chen Yong , Zhao Shiyin
Published: June 2021

The (2+1)-dimensional Jimbo-Miwa equation is analyzed by means of the

∂

¯

\bar {{\partial }}

-dressing method. By means of the characteristic function and Green’s function of the Lax representation, the problem has been transformed into a new

∂

¯

\bar {{\partial }}

problem. A solution is constructed based on solving the

∂

¯

\bar {{\partial }}

problem with the help of Cauchy-Green formula and choosing the proper spectral transformation. Furthermore, we can obtain the solution formally of the Jimbo-Miwa equation when the time evolution of the spectral data is determined.
Strong convexity for harmonic functions on compact symmetric spaces
Authors: Lippner Gabor , Mangoubi Dan , McGuirk Zachary , Yovel Rachel
Published: June 2021

Let

h
h

be a harmonic function defined on a spherical disk. It is shown that 

Δ
k

|

h

|

2

\Delta ^k |h|^2

is nonnegative for all 

k
∈

N

k\in \mathbb {N}

where

Δ
\Delta

is the Laplace-Beltrami operator. This fact is generalized to harmonic functions defined on a disk in a normal homogeneous compact Riemannian manifold, and in particular in a symmetric space of the compact type. This complements a similar property for harmonic functions on

R

n

\mathbb {R}^n

discovered by the first two authors and is related to strong convexity of the

L
2

L^2

-growth function of harmonic functions.
Three-dimensional superresolution fluorescence microscopy maps the variable molecular architecture of the nuclear pore complex
Authors: Sabinina Vilma Jimenez , Hossain M. Julius , Hériché Jean-Karim , Hoess Philipp , Nijmeijer Bianca , Mosalaganti Shyamal , Kueblbeck Moritz , Callegari Andrea , Szymborska Anna , Beck Martin , Ries Jonas , Ellenberg Jan
Published: June 2021

We combined 3D superresolution microscopy with computational classification and averaging to explore the structure of the NPC in single human cells. We present the first integrated 3D map with molecular specificity and nanoscale resolution, which indicates that the nuclear ring and the nuclear basket of the NPC can adopt different conformations.
Ventral stress fibers induce plasma membrane deformation in human fibroblasts
Authors: Ghilardi Samuel J. , Aronson Mark S. , Sgro Allyson E.
Published: June 2021

We observed fluorescent structures in myofibroblasts labeled with cytosolic fluorophores. Confocal and electron microscopy revealed these structures to be ridges in the plasma membrane caused by ventral actin stress fibers that create a cytosolic pocket for the fluorophore to diffuse into, illustrating a novel actin-membrane interaction.
Skin Tightening With Hyperdilute CaHA: Dilution Practices and Practical Guidance for Clinical Practice
Authors: Lorenc Z Paul , Black Jeanette M , Cheung Jessie S , Chiu Annie , Del Campo Roberta , Durkin Alan James , Graivier Miles , Green Jeremy B , Kwok Gideon P , Marcus Keith , Rammos Charalambos “Babis” , Werschler William Philip
Published: June 2021

Background

Over the past several years, hyperdilute calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) has emerged as an effective modality for improving skin quality and managing laxity in the face, arms, hands, neck, décolletage, upper arms, abdomen, buttocks, and upper legs, as well as for treating cellulite and striae. Whereas undiluted CaHA is used to provide volume, hyperdilute CaHA is distributed across a much larger surface area in a more superficial plane to stimulate neocollagenesis and elastin formation over time. The absence of lymphocytic infiltrates and predominance of type 1 collagen in the tissue response to CaHA make hyperdilute CaHA a valuable tool for nonsurgical skin tightening.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to provide practical step-by-step guidance on patient selection, dilution practices, and optimal injection technique to facilitate incorporation of the technique into clinical practice.

Methods

Over the course of 3 regional meetings in the United States, 12 expert physician injectors participated in live webinars as part of a continuing medical education program.

Results

The practical guidance in this manuscript is based upon the most frequently requested information by audience members and the information considered critical for success by the authors.

Conclusions

The minimally invasive nature of filler injection results in little downtime, making this treatment particularly appealing. The recommendations presented are consistent with previously published consensus guidelines on hyperdilute CaHA but are intended to serve as “how-to” guidance based on the experience of expert injectors who have successfully treated the face and body.

Level of Evidence: 4
MiR-335-3p inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia by targeting EIF3E
Authors: Zhang Ling , Wang Xiaozhen , Wu Jieying , Xiao Ruozhi , Liu Jiajun
Published: June 2021

Here, we aimed to investigate the biological roles and the regulatory mechanisms of miR-335-3p in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We first found miR-335-3p was significantly downregulated in blood samples from leukemia patients and cell lines using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Through CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, we observed that miR-335-3p overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis in AML cell lines (THP-1 and U937). Moreover, miR-335-3p directly targets EIF3E and negatively regulated its expression. More importantly, EIF3E overexpression reversed the effects of miR-335-3p on cell proliferation, G1/S transition, and apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-335-3p overexpression obviously downregulated the expression of CDK4, Cyclin D1, and Bcl-2, while upregulated the expression of p21 and Bad, which were significantly rescued by the cotransfection of pcDNA3.1-EIF3E. Collectively, our study proposes that miR-335-3p/EIF3E axis could be a promising therapeutic target to mitigate the progression of AML.
phyLoSTM: a novel deep learning model on disease prediction from longitudinal microbiome data
Authors: Sharma Divya , Xu Wei
Published: June 2021

Motivation

Research shows that human microbiome is highly dynamic on longitudinal timescales, changing dynamically with diet, or due to medical interventions. In this article, we propose a novel deep learning framework ‘phyLoSTM’, using a combination of Convolutional Neural Networks and Long Short Term Memory Networks (LSTM) for feature extraction and analysis of temporal dependency in longitudinal microbiome sequencing data along with host’s environmental factors for disease prediction. Additional novelty in terms of handling variable timepoints in subjects through LSTMs, as well as, weight balancing between imbalanced cases and controls is proposed.

Results

We simulated 100 datasets across multiple time points for model testing. To demonstrate the model’s effectiveness, we also implemented this novel method into two real longitudinal human microbiome studies: (i) DIABIMMUNE three country cohort with food allergy outcomes (Milk, Egg, Peanut and Overall) and (ii) DiGiulio study with preterm delivery as outcome. Extensive analysis and comparison of our approach yields encouraging performance with an AUC of 0.897 (increased by 5%) on simulated studies and AUCs of 0.762 (increased by 19%) and 0.713 (increased by 8%) on the two real longitudinal microbiome studies respectively, as compared to the next best performing method, Random Forest. The proposed methodology improves predictive accuracy on longitudinal human microbiome studies containing spatially correlated data, and evaluates the change of microbiome composition contributing to outcome prediction.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/divya031090/phyLoSTM.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Increasing the accuracy of single sequence prediction methods using a deep semi-supervised learning framework
Authors: Moffat Lewis , Jones David T
Published: June 2021

Motivation

Over the past 50 years, our ability to model protein sequences with evolutionary information has progressed in leaps and bounds. However, even with the latest deep learning methods, the modelling of a critically important class of proteins, single orphan sequences, remains unsolved.

Results

By taking a bioinformatics approach to semi-supervised machine learning, we develop Profile Augmentation of Single Sequences (PASS), a simple but powerful framework for building accurate single-sequence methods. To demonstrate the effectiveness of PASS we apply it to the mature field of secondary structure prediction. In doing so we develop S4PRED, the successor to the open-source PSIPRED-Single method, which achieves an unprecedented Q3 score of 75.3% on the standard CB513 test. PASS provides a blueprint for the development of a new generation of predictive methods, advancing our ability to model individual protein sequences.

Availability and implementation

The S4PRED model is available as open source software on the PSIPRED GitHub repository (https://github.com/psipred/s4pred), along with documentation. It will also be provided as a part of the PSIPRED web service (http://bioinf.cs.ucl.ac.uk/psipred/).

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ameliorates HIV-associated neurology and neuropathology
Authors: Zhao Xiaojie , Wilson Kelly , Uteshev Victor , He Johnny J
Published: June 2021

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy are primarily manifested as impaired behaviours, glial activation/neuroinflammation and compromised neuronal integrity, for which there are no effective treatments currently available.

In the current study, we used doxycycline-inducible astrocyte-specific HIV Tat transgenic mice (iTat), a surrogate HAND model, and determined effects of PNU-125096, a positive allosteric modulator of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) on Tat-induced behavioural impairments and neuropathologies.

We showed that PNU-125096 treatment significantly improved locomotor, learning and memory deficits of iTat mice while inhibited glial activation and increased PSD-95 expression in the cortex and hippocampus of iTat mice. Using α7 nAChR knockout mice, we showed that α7 nAChR knockout eliminated the protective effects of PNU-125096 on iTat mice. In addition, we showed that inhibition of p38 phosphorylation by SB239063, a p38 MAPK-specific inhibitor exacerbated Tat neurotoxicity in iTat mice. Last, we used primary mouse cortical individual cultures and neuron-astrocytes co-cultures and in vivo staining of iTat mouse brain tissues and showed that glial activation was directly involved in the interplay among Tat neurotoxicity, α7 nAChR activation and the p38 MAPK signalling pathway.

Taken together, these findings demonstrated for the first time that α7 nAChR activation led to protection against HAND and suggested that α7 nAChR modulator PNU-125096 holds significant promise for development of therapeutics for HAND.
Improving Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing for Respiratory Tract Infections in Primary Care: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Dutcher Lauren , Degnan Kathleen , Adu-Gyamfi Afia B , Lautenbach Ebbing , Cressman Leigh , David Michael Z , Cluzet Valerie , Szymczak Julia E , Pegues David A , Bilker Warren , Tolomeo Pam , Hamilton Keith W
Published: June 2021

Background

Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing is common in primary care (PC), particularly for respiratory tract diagnoses (RTDs). However, the optimal approach for improving prescribing remains unknown.

Methods

We conducted a stepped-wedge study in PC practices within a health system to assess the impact of a provider-targeted intervention on antibiotic prescribing for RTDs. RTDs were grouped into tiers based on appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing: tier 1 (almost always indicated), tier 2 (may be indicated), and tier 3 (rarely indicated). Providers received education on appropriate RTD prescribing followed by monthly peer comparison feedback on antibiotic prescribing for (1) all tiers and (2) tier 3 RTDs. A χ 2 test was used to compare the proportion of visits with antibiotic prescriptions before and during the intervention. Mixed-effects multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between the intervention and antibiotic prescribing.

Results

Across 30 PC practices and 185 755 total visits, overall antibiotic prescribing was reduced with the intervention, from 35.2% to 23.0% of visits (P < .001). In multivariable analysis, the intervention was associated with a reduced odds of antibiotic prescription for tiers 2 (odds ratio [OR] 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI] .52–.62) and 3 (OR 0.57; 95% CI .53–.61) but not for tier 1 (OR 0.98; 95% CI .83–1.16).

Conclusions

A provider-focused intervention reduced overall antibiotic prescribing for RTDs without affecting prescribing for infections that likely require antibiotics. Future research should examine the sustainability of such interventions, potential unintended adverse effects on patient health or satisfaction, and provider perceptions and acceptability.