bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profibrotic epithelial phenotype: a central role for MRTF and TAZ
Authors: Bialik Janne Folke , Ding Mei , Speight Pam , Dan Qinghong , Miranda Maria Zena , Di Ciano-Oliveira Caterina , Kofler Michael M. , Rotstein Ori D. , Pedersen Stine F. , Szászi Katalin , Kapus András
Published: March 2019

Epithelial injury is a key initiator of fibrosis but - in contrast to the previous paradigm - the epithelium in situ does not undergo wide-spread epithelial-mesenchymal/myofibroblast transition (EMT/EMyT). Instead, it assumes a Profibrotic Epithelial Phenotype (PEP) characterized by fibrogenic cytokine production. The transcriptional mechanisms underlying PEP are undefined. As we have shown that two RhoA/cytoskeleton-regulated transcriptional coactivators, Myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) and TAZ, are indispensable for EMyT, we asked if they might mediate PEP as well. Here we show that mechanical stress (cyclic stretch) increased the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), platelet-derived growth factor and Indian Hedgehog mRNA in LLC-PK1 tubular cells. These responses were mitigated by siRNA-mediated silencing or pharmacological inhibition of MRTF (CCG-1423) or TAZ (verteporfin). RhoA inhibition exerted similar effects. Unilateral ureteral obstruction, a murine model of mechanically-triggered kidney fibrosis, induced tubular RhoA activation along with overexpression/nuclear accumulation of MRTF and TAZ, and increased transcription of the above-mentioned cytokines. Laser capture microdissection revealed TAZ, TGFβ1 and CTGF induction specifically in the tubular epithelium. CCG-1423 suppressed total renal and tubular expression of these proteins. Thus, MRTF regulates epithelial TAZ expression, and both MRTF and TAZ are critical mediators of PEP-related epithelial cytokine production.
Adhesive protein-mediated cross-talk between Candida albicans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in dual species biofilm protects the anaerobic bacterium in unfavorable oxic environment
Authors: Bartnicka Dominika , Karkowska-Kuleta Justyna , Zawrotniak Marcin , Satała Dorota , Michalik Kinga , Zielinska Gabriela , Bochenska Oliwia , Kozik Andrzej , Ciaston Izabela , Koziel Joanna , Dutton Lindsay C. , Nobbs Angela H. , Potempa Barbara , Baster Zbigniew , Rajfur Zenon , Potempa Jan , Rapala-Kozik Maria
Published: March 2019

The oral cavity contains different types of microbial species that colonize human host via extensive cell-to-cell interactions and biofilm formation. Candida albicans—a yeast-like fungus that inhabits mucosal surfaces—is also a significant colonizer of subgingival sites in patients with chronic periodontitis. It is notable however that one of the main infectious agents that causes periodontal disease is an anaerobic bacterium—Porphyromonas gingivalis. In our study, we evaluated the different strategies of both pathogens in the mutual colonization of an artificial surface and confirmed that a protective environment existed for P. gingivalis within developed fungal biofilm formed under oxic conditions where fungal cells grow mainly in their filamentous form i.e. hyphae. A direct physical contact between fungi and P. gingivalis was initiated via a modulation of gene expression for the major fungal cell surface adhesin Als3 and the aspartic proteases Sap6 and Sap9. Proteomic identification of the fungal surfaceome suggested also an involvement of the Mp65 adhesin and a “moonlighting” protein, enolase, as partners for the interaction with P. gingivalis. Using mutant strains of these bacteria that are defective in the production of the gingipains—the proteolytic enzymes that also harbor hemagglutinin domains—significant roles of these proteins in the formation of bacteria-protecting biofilm were clearly demonstrated.
Histone acetylation determines transcription of atypical protein kinases in rat neurons
Authors: Borodinova Anastasia A. , Kuznetsova Maria A. , Alekseeva Victoria S. , Balaban Pavel M.
Published: March 2019

It is widely accepted that memory consolidation requires de-novo transcription of memory-related genes. Epigenetic modifications, particularly histone acetylation, may facilitate gene transcription, but their potential molecular targets are poorly characterized. In the current study, we addressed the question of epigenetic control of atypical protein kinases (aPKC) that are critically involved in memory consolidation and maintenance. We examined the patterns of expression of two aPKC genes (Prkci and Prkcz) in rat cultured cortical neurons treated with histone deacetylase inhibitors. Histone hyperacetylation in the promoter region of Prkci gene elicited direct activation of transcriptional machinery, resulting in increased production of PKCλ mRNA. In parallel, histone hyperacetylation in the upstream promoter of Prkcz gene led to appearance of the corresponding PKCζ transcripts that are almost absent in the brain in resting conditions. In contrast, histone hyperacetylation in the downstream promoter of Prkcz gene was accompanied by a decreased expression of the brain-specific PKMζ products. We showed that epigenetically-triggered differential expression of PKMζ and PKCζ mRNA depended on protein synthesis. Summarizing, our results suggest that genes, encoding memory-related aPKC, may represent the molecular targets for epigenetic regulation through posttranslational histone modifications.
Sanitization Efficacy of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water against pure cultures of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus spores, in Comparison with Different Water Hardness
Authors: Kim Hyun-Ji , Tango Charles Nkufi , Chelliah Ramachandran , Oh Deog-Hwan
Published: March 2019

The Influence of water source on the production of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and its sanitization efficacy were investigated. Two different water sources (tap water (TW) and underground water (UGW)) were applied to produce slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) at same setting current, with similar electrolyte flow rate (EFR) and concentration. Properties of SAEW were evaluated based on pH, Available chlorine concentration (ACC) and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). Methods for the optimization of SAEW production process was examined to obtain high ACC value by implanting different types of electrolytes. Effect of ACC and pH of SAEW were evaluated in vitro towards inactivate foodborne pathogens. The results indicated that TW with hardness of 29 ppm produced effectively SAEW than through UGW (12 ppm) using electrolytes. Likewise, low water hardness could be reinforced by combining HCL with a salt (NaCl or KCL). The optimized SAEW production system was determined at 4% HCl + 2.0 M KCL with EFR of 2 mL/min and 4% HCl + 3.0 M KCL with EFR of 2 mL/min resulting in higher ACC value of 56.5 and 65.5 ppm, respectively using TW. Pathogenic vegetative cells were completely inactivated within 1 min of treatment in SAEW with 20 ppm. Viability observations using Confocal and TEM Microscopy, Flow cytometry, and antimicrobial activity were carried out to confirm the sanitizing effect and cell membrane disruption. Based on the experimental results obtained, it provides a foundation for future advancement towards commercial application of SAEW in the food and agricultural industries.
Defects, dopants and Mg diffusion in MgTiO3
Authors: Kuganathan Navaratnarajah , Iyngaran Poobalasuntharam , Vovk Ruslan , Chroneos Alexander
Published: March 2019

Magnesium titanate is technologically important due to its excellent dielectric properties required in wireless communication system. Using atomistic simulation based on the classical pair potentials we study the defect chemistry, Mg and O diffusion and a variety of dopant incorporation at Mg and Ti sites. The defect calculations suggest that cation anti-site defect is the most favourable defect process. The Mg Frenkel is the second most favourable intrinsic defect though the formation energy is highly endoergic. Higher overall activation energies (>3 eV) are observed for oxygen migration compared to those observed for magnesium (0.88 eV). Dopant substitution energies for a range of cations with charges varying from +2 to +4 were examined. Divalent dopants (Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ca2+ and Zn2+) on the Mg site exhibit low solution energies. Trivalent dopants prefer to occupy Mg site though their solution energies are high. Exothermic solution energies calculated for tetravalent dopants (Ge4+ and Si4+) on the Ti site suggest the necessity of experimental verification.
Phosphorus source driving the soil microbial interactions and improving sugarcane development
Authors: Gumiere Thiago , Rousseau Alain N. , da Costa Diogo Paes , Cassetari Alice , Cotta Simone Raposo , Andreote Fernando Dini , Gumiere Silvio J. , Pavinato Paulo Sergio
Published: March 2019

The world demand for phosphate has gradually increased over the last decades, currently achieving alarming levels considering available rock reserves. The use of soil microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), has been suggested as a promising alternative to improve phosphorus-use efficiency. However, the effect of the source of phosphorus on the interactions within the soil microbial community remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the links between the total dry matter content of sugarcane and the interactions within the soil microbial community under different phosphate sources, with/without AMF inoculation. The phosphate sources were Simple Superphosphate (SS, 18% of P2O5), Catalão rock phosphate (CA, 2.93% of P2O5) and Bayovar rock phosphate (BA, 14% of P2O5). The results indicated that the BA source led to the largest total dry matter content. The phosphate source affected total dry matter and the structure of the soil microbial communities. The bacterial interactions increased across sources with high percentage of P2O5, while the fungal interactions decreased. The interactions between bacterial and fungal microorganisms allowed to identify the percentage of P2O5 resulting in the highest total sugarcane dry matter. Our findings suggested the soil microbial interactions as a potential microbial indicator helping to improve the agricultural management.
Metatranscriptomic exploration of microbial functioning in clouds
Authors: Amato Pierre , Besaury Ludovic , Joly Muriel , Penaud Benjamin , Deguillaume Laurent , Delort Anne-Marie
Published: March 2019

Clouds constitute the uppermost layer of the biosphere. They host diverse communities whose functioning remains obscure, although biological activity potentially participates to atmospheric chemical and physical processes. In order to gain information on the metabolic functioning of microbial communities in clouds, we conducted coordinated metagenomics/metatranscriptomics profiling of cloud water microbial communities. Samples were collected from a high altitude atmospheric station in France and examined for biological content after untargeted amplification of nucleic acids. Living microorganisms, essentially bacteria, maintained transcriptional and translational activities and expressed many known complementary physiological responses intended to fight oxidants, osmotic variations and cold. These included activities of oxidant detoxification and regulation, synthesis of osmoprotectants/cryoprotectants, modifications of membranes, iron uptake. Consistently these energy-demanding processes were fueled by central metabolic routes involved in oxidative stress response and redox homeostasis management, such as pentose phosphate and glyoxylate pathways. Elevated binding and transmembrane ion transports demonstrated important interactions between cells and their cloud droplet chemical environments. In addition, polysaccharides, potentially beneficial for survival like exopolysaccharides, biosurfactants and adhesins, were synthesized. Our results support a biological influence on cloud physical and chemical processes, acting notably on the oxidant capacity, iron speciation and availability, amino-acids distribution and carbon and nitrogen fates.
Iridium(iii) complex-based electrochemiluminescent probe for H2S
Authors: Park Joonho , Kim Taemin , Kim Hoon Jun , Hong Jong-In
Published: March 2019

(Azmb-ppy)2Ir(acac) showed high “turn-off” ECL response for H2S.
Cross-linked poly(ionic liquid) as precursors for nitrogen-doped porous carbons
Authors: Cheng Shifu , Chen Bihua , Qin Li , Zhang Yongya , Gao Guohua , He Mingyuan
Published: March 2019

The cross-linked PIL with “network structure” can fabricate nitrogen-doped porous carbons with higher specific surface area.
Structural mechanism of DNA-mediated Nanog–Sox2 cooperative interaction
Authors: Yesudhas Dhanusha , Anwar Muhammad Ayaz , Choi Sangdun
Published: March 2019

The efficiency of stem cell transcriptional regulation always depends on the cooperative association and expression of transcription factors (TFs).
Highly exfoliated montmorillonite clay reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer:in situpreparation and efficient strengthening
Authors: Xu Jingshui , Cheng Lihua , Zhang Zhong , Zhang Ling , Xiong Cen , Huang Weishan , Xie Yashui , Yang Liping
Published: March 2019

Highly exfoliated montmorillonite (MMT) clay reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPUs) were prepared by anin situsolution polymerization method.
Microfluidics for silica biomaterials synthesis: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Hao Nanjing , Nie Yuan , Zhang John X. J.
Published: March 2019

A comprehensive overview of microfluidics-enabled controllable synthesis and emerging bioapplications of silica micro-/nanomaterials.
Theoretical insights into CO2 hydrogenation to methanol by a Mn–PNP complex
Authors: Mandal Shyama Charan , Rawat Kuber Singh , Nandi Surajit , Pathak Biswarup
Published: March 2019

Unravelling the role of an amide intermediate in co-catalyst-based sequential CO2 hydrogenation reaction to methanol.
Cobalt-catalysed unactivated C(sp3)–H amination: two-state reactivity and multi-reference electronic character
Authors: Yu Yang , Luo Gen , Yang Jimin , Luo Yi
Published: March 2019

A remarkable two-state reactivity scenario and an unusual multi-reference character have been computationally found in Co-catalysed C(sp3)–H amination. In addition, the investigation on the additive, aminating reagent, metal center, and auxiliary ligand provides implications for development of new catalytic C–H functionalization systems.
Synthesis and characterization of chromium complexes 2-Me4CpC6H4CH2(R)NHCrCl2 and their catalytic properties in ethylene homo- and co-polymerization
Authors: Song Tingting , Tao Xin , Tong Xiaobo , Liu Ning , Gao Wei , Mu Xiaoyue , Mu Ying
Published: March 2019

New half-metallocene chromium complexes with a coordinated secondary amine side-arm were synthesized and studied as catalysts for olefin polymerization.
Highly photoluminescent and temperature-sensitive P, N, B-co-doped carbon quantum dots and their highly sensitive recognition for curcumin
Authors: Wu Bin , Liu Xiaolong , Shi Xiaofeng , Han Wei , Wang Chunru , Jiang Li
Published: March 2019

Temperature-sensitive P, N, B-co-doped carbon quantum dots (PNBCDs) synthesized using one-pot method exhibit many excellent features, such as strong fluorescence, good stability and sensitive detection for curcumin.
Phenanthroline-based microporous organic polymer as a platform for an immobilized palladium catalyst for organic transformations
Authors: Wang Chang-An , Nie Kun , Song Guo-Dong , Li Yan-Wei , Han Yin-Feng
Published: March 2019

Phenanthroline-based microporous organic polymer (Phen-MOP) is synthesizedviaa cost-effective method based on the Scholl reaction. After post-modification with Pd(OAc)2, the synthesizedPhen-Pd-MOPis a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for C–C coupling reactions.
Simple, selective detection and efficient removal of toxic lead and silver metal ions using Acid Red 94
Authors: Kamel Ghada M. , El-Nahass Marwa N. , El-Khouly Mohamed E. , Fayed Tarek A. , El-Kemary Maged
Published: March 2019

Toward the goal of detecting toxic elements and removing them from drinking water, we report herein the utilization of Acid Red 94 (AR94) in sensing the hazardous metal ions in water.
Novel in situ synthesis of copper nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide and its application as a new catalyst for the decomposition of composite solid propellants
Authors: Ríos Paulina L. , Povea Paula , Cerda-Cavieres Christopher , Arroyo Juan L. , Morales-Verdejo Cesar , Abarca Gabriel , Camarada María B.
Published: March 2019

The synergistic effect of a copper and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite increased the energy release in the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate.
First-principles study of the effect of dopants (Pd, Ni) on the formation and desorption of T2O from a Li2TiO3 (001) surface
Authors: Fang Yiyu , Kong Xianggang , Yu You , Zhang Xiaotong , Chen Xiaojun , Gao Tao , Xiao Chengjian , Lu Tiecheng
Published: March 2019

We investigated the effect of Pd and Ni dopants on the formation and desorption of tritiated water (T2O) molecules from the Li2TiO3 (001) surface using first-principles calculations coupled with the climbing-image nudged elastic band method.
Flexible cupric oxide photocathode with enhanced stability for renewable hydrogen energy production from solar water splitting
Authors: Li Yang , Luo Kai
Published: March 2019

A composite semiconductor layer, composed of TiO2, La2O3 and NiO, is deposited on a CuO photocathode, and shown to be effective for enhancing the stabilization of the CuO photocathode. 100% of the photocurrent density is retained after 20 min of continuous illumination.
Light-driven locomotion of a centimeter-sized object at the air–water interface: effect of fluid resistance
Authors: Kawashima Hisato , Shioi Akihisa , Archer Richard J. , Ebbens Stephen J. , Nakamura Yoshinobu , Fujii Syuji
Published: March 2019

Centimeter-sized flat-headed push pin with photothermal properties can be moved on a water surface by a simple near-infrared laser.
Polypyrrole-encapsulated amorphous Bi2S3hollow sphere for long life sodium ion batteries and lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Long Bei , Qiao Zhengping , Zhang Jingnan , Zhang Shanqing , Balogun Muhammad-Sadeeq , Lu Jun , Song Shuqin , Tong Yexiang
Published: March 2019

The well-designed amorphous Bi2S3-polypyrrole core–shell hollow spheres show excellent electrochemical properties in both SIBs and Li–S batteries.
Model systems inform rare disease diagnosis, therapeutic discovery and pre-clinical efficacy
Authors: Enikanolaiye Adebola , Justice Monica J.
Published: March 2019

Model systems have played a large role in understanding human diseases and are instrumental in taking basic research findings to the clinic; however, for rare diseases, model systems play an even larger role. Here, we outline how model organisms are crucial for confirming causal associations, understanding functional mechanisms and developing therapies for disease. As diseases that have been studied extensively through genetics and molecular biology, cystic fibrosis and Rett syndrome are portrayed as primary examples of how genetic diagnosis, model organism development and therapies have led to improved patient health. Considering which model to use, yeast, worms, flies, fish, mice or larger animals requires a careful evaluation of experimental genetic tools and gene pathway conservation. Recent advances in genome editing will aid in confirming diagnoses and developing model systems for rare disease. Genetic or chemical screening for disease suppression may reveal functional pathway members and provide candidate entry points for developing therapies. Model organisms may also be used in drug discovery and as preclinical models as a prelude to testing treatments in patient populations. Now, model organisms will increasingly be used as platforms for understanding variation in rare disease severity and onset, thereby informing therapeutic intervention.
The Collaborative Network Approach: a model for advancing patient-centric research for Castleman disease and other rare diseases
Authors: Zuccato Mary , Shilling Dustin , Fajgenbaum David C.
Published: March 2019

There are ∼7000 rare diseases affecting 30 000 000 individuals in the U.S.A. 95% of these rare diseases do not have a single Food and Drug Administration-approved therapy. Relatively, limited progress has been made to develop new or repurpose existing therapies for these disorders, in part because traditional funding models are not as effective when applied to rare diseases. Due to the suboptimal research infrastructure and treatment options for Castleman disease, the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network (CDCN), founded in 2012, spearheaded a novel strategy for advancing biomedical research, the ‘Collaborative Network Approach’. At its heart, the Collaborative Network Approach leverages and integrates the entire community of stakeholders — patients, physicians and researchers — to identify and prioritize high-impact research questions. It then recruits the most qualified researchers to conduct these studies. In parallel, patients are empowered to fight back by supporting research through fundraising and providing their biospecimens and clinical data. This approach democratizes research, allowing the entire community to identify the most clinically relevant and pressing questions; any idea can be translated into a study rather than limiting research to the ideas proposed by researchers in grant applications. Preliminary results from the CDCN and other organizations that have followed its Collaborative Network Approach suggest that this model is generalizable across rare diseases.
Comparison of Silent Gap in Noise Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials in Matched Tinnitus and No-Tinnitus Control Subjects
Authors: Morse Kenneth , Vander Werff Kathy R.
Published: March 2019

Purpose

Previous research suggests the existence of gap detection impairments because of tinnitus. The current study aimed to determine whether there was objective evidence of gap impairment in individuals with tinnitus by recording silent gap in white noise cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) in a chronic tinnitus group and a no-tinnitus group. The results were compared to previous gap-evoked potential and behavioral gap detection studies.

Method

Chronic tinnitus and no-tinnitus groups were formed by matching pairs of subjects (
n
= 26) based on age, gender, and hearing thresholds. Behaviorally determined gap detection thresholds were used to define the electrophysiological gap duration conditions of subthreshold, threshold, and suprathreshold gaps in white noise. Amplitude, latency, and area of the CAEP were analyzed by group and condition using mixed-model analyses of variance.

Results

Across all participants, as the duration of the gap increased, amplitude and area of the CAEP increased. There were no significant differences by tinnitus status between groups for any outcome measures, except for a significant interaction between group and gap duration for P1 latency.

Conclusions

Silent gap-evoked CAEPs can be recorded in adults with and without tinnitus. Amplitude and area were sensitive to gap duration across groups; latency was not. Contrary to hypotheses, there was little evidence supporting differences in gap-evoked CAEPs between the tinnitus and control groups. Stimulus and other factors that may have contributed to the lack of a group difference in the current study are discussed, as well as implications for future studies of objective measures of tinnitus perception.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7822601
A dynamically young, gravitationally stable network of filaments in Orion B
Authors: Orkisz Jan H. , Peretto Nicolas , Pety Jérôme , Gerin Maryvonne , Levrier François , Bron Emeric , Bardeau Sébastien , Goicoechea Javier R. , Gratier Pierre , Guzmán Viviana V. , Hughes Annie , Languignon David , Le Petit Franck , Liszt Harvey S. , Öberg Karin , Roueff Evelyne , Sievers Albrecht , Tremblin Pascal
Published: March 2019

Context. Filaments are a key step on the path that leads from molecular clouds to star formation. However, their characteristics, for instance their width, are heavily debated and the exact processes that lead to their formation and fragmentation into dense cores still remain to be fully understood.

Aims. We aim at characterising the mass, kinematics, and stability against gravitational collapse of a statistically significant sample of filaments in the Orion B molecular cloud, which is renown for its very low star formation efficiency.

Methods. We characterised the gas column densities and kinematics over a field of 1.9 deg2, using C18O (J = 1−0) data from the IRAM 30 m large programme ORION-B at angular and spectral resolutions of 23.5″ and 49.5 kHz, respectively. Using two different Hessian-based filters, we extracted and compared two filamentary networks, each containing over 100 filaments.

Results. Independent of the extraction method, the filament networks have consistent characteristics. The filaments have widths of ~0.12 ± 0.04 pc and show a wide range of linear (~1−100 M⊙ pc−1) and volume densities (~2 × 103−2 × 105 cm−3). Compared to previous studies, the filament population is dominated by low-density, thermally sub-critical structures, suggesting that most of the identified filaments are not collapsing to form stars. In fact, only ~1% of the Orion B cloud mass covered by our observations can be found in super-critical, star-forming filaments, explaining the low star formation efficiency of the region. The velocity profiles observed across the filaments show quiescence in the centre and coherency in the plane of the sky, even though these profiles are mostly supersonic.

Conclusions. The filaments in Orion B apparently belong to a continuum which contains a few elements comparable to already studied star-forming filaments, for example in the IC 5146, Aquila or Taurus regions, as well as many lower density, gravitationally unbound structures. This comprehensive study of the Orion B filaments shows that the mass fraction in super-critical filaments is a key factor in determining star formation efficiency.
Some relationships between radiative and atmospheric quantities through 1D NLTE modeling of prominences in the Mg II lines
Authors: Vial J.-C. , Zhang P. , Buchlin É.
Published: March 2019

Context. With more than four years of IRIS observations, and in order to avoid building customized diagnostics for each observation, it is useful to derive some simple relations between spectra and physical quantities. This is even more useful for the k and h lines of Mg II, which require complex non-local-thermodynamic-equilibrium NLTE treatments.

Aims. The aim of this work concerning prominences is to correlate observable spectral features in h and k lines of Mg IIto physical quantities such as the density and the emission measure (EM) in the same way as similar correlations have been obtained in the hydrogen lines. In this way, and within approximations done on some parameters such as temperature, it is possible to build pixel by pixel an IRIS map of the above-mentioned quantities.

Methods. In order to simplify and shorten the modeling, we chose to compute one-dimensional (1D) isothermal and isobaric models that are treated with the PROM7 NLTE code available at MEDOC (IAS). We built a set of models with large ranges of temperature, pressure, and thickness. At all altitudes considered, we paid attention to the exact computation of the incident radiation. Then we compared the emergent Mg IIh and k intensities with the corresponding hydrogen and electron densities and EMs.

Results. From the NLTE computation, we derive correlations between the k and h emergent intensities on one hand and the densities and EM on the other hand. With some assumptions on the temperature, we obtain a unique relation between the k (and h) intensities and the EM that should be useful for deriving either the hydrogen and electron densities or the effective thickness of an observed prominence.

Conclusions. From NLTE modeling, we have provided a relationship between observable integrated intensities of the Mg IIresonance lines and prominence plasma EM, which will contribute to a first-order analysis of long time series of spectroscopic observations, for example, with IRIS. We anticipate building more complex relations between the profiles and other plasma quantities.
G.A.S.
Authors: Cousin M. , Guillard P. , Lehnert M. D.
Published: March 2019

Context. Star formation in galaxies is inefficient, and understanding how star formation is regulated in galaxies is one of the most fundamental challenges of contemporary astrophysics. Radiative cooling, feedback from supernovae and active galactic nuclei (AGN), and large-scale dynamics and dissipation of turbulent energy act over various time and spatial scales and all regulate star formation in a complex gas cycle.

Aims. This paper presents the physics implemented in a new semi-analytical model of galaxy formation and evolution called the Galaxy Assembler from dark-matter Simulation (G.A.S.).

Methods. The fundamental underpinning of our new model is the development of a multiphase interstellar medium (ISM) in which energy produced by supernovae and AGN maintains an equilibrium between a diffuse, hot, and stable gas and a cooler, clumpy, and low-volume filling factor gas. The hot gas is susceptible to thermal and dynamical instabilities. We include a description of how turbulence leads to the formation of giant molecular clouds through an inertial turbulent energy cascade, assuming a constant kinetic energy transfer per unit volume. We explicitly modelled the evolution of the velocity dispersion at different scales of the cascade and accounted for thermal instabilities in the hot halo gas. Thermal instabilities effectively reduce the impact of radiative cooling and moderates accretion rates onto galaxies, and in particular, for those residing in massive haloes.

Results. We show that rapid and multiple exchanges between diffuse and unstable gas phases strongly regulates star formation rates in galaxies because only a small fraction of the unstable gas is forming stars. We checked that the characteristic timescales describing the gas cycle, gas depletion timescale, and star-forming laws at different scales are in good agreement with observations. For high-mass haloes and galaxies, cooling is naturally regulated by the growth of thermal instabilities, so we do not need to implement strong AGN feedback in this model. Our results are also in good agreement with the observed stellar mass function from z ≃ 6.0 to z ≃ 0.5.

Conclusion. Our model offers the flexibility to test the impact of various physical processes on the regulation of star formation on a representative population of galaxies across cosmic times. Thermal instabilities and the cascade of turbulent energy in the dense gas phase introduce a delay between gas accretion and star formation, which keeps galaxy growth inefficient in the early Universe. The main results presented in this paper, such as stellar mass functions, are available in the GALAKSIENN library.
Exotic hadrons from BESIII
Authors: Yuan Chang-Zheng
Published: March 2019

We report the progress in the study of the exotic hadrons, also called XYZ states, at BESIII experiment with its unique data samples in e+ e− annihilation at center-of-mass energies of 3.8–4.6 GeV. The talk covers the observation of the Zc(3900) and Zc(4020) and new measurements related to them; updated measurement of the resonant parameters of the Y(4260) in e+ e−→ π+π− J/ψ and discovery of its new decay modes π+π−ψ(2S), ωχc0, π+π−hc, and D0D∗−π++c.c.; and observation of X(3872) in e+e− annihilation.
Heavy hybrids and tetraquarks in effective field theory
Authors: Tarrús Castellà Jaume
Published: March 2019

We report on an effective field theory (EFT) description of exotic quarkonia as bound states on the spectrum of hybrid and tetraquarks static energies. We provide expressions for hybrid and tetraquarks static energies in terms of Wilson loops. The former have been computed in quenched lattice calculations but the latter are yet unavailable. From the few simulations with dynamical light-quarks we argue that the overall picture from hybrid static energies does not change but additional states, such as heavy meson pairs, need to be considered for a full description. In this EFT framework for quarkonium hybrids, we report on recent results for mixing with standard quarkonium, spin-dependent contributions, and semi-inclusive decays.
Status of charmed meson spectroscopy
Authors: Guo Feng-Kun
Published: March 2019

The discovery of the ground state positive-parity charm-strange and charm-nonstrange mesons $ D_{s0}^* $(2317), Ds1(2460), $ D_0^* $(2400) and D1(2430) in 2003 and 2004 brought up several mysteries related to their masses. Here I briefly review recent progresses from lattice calculations and analysis of the precise LHCb measurements of the B−→ D+π−π− in the framework of unitarized chiral perturbation theory. It turns out that all the mysteries can be understood in a picture consistent with both lattice results and the LHCb measurements. In this picture, the main components of $ D_{s0}^* $(2317) and Ds1(2460) are DK and D∗K hadronic molecules, respectively. Furthermore, the resonance parameters of the ground state 0+ and 1+ charm-nonstrange mesons take values very diﬀerent from the known ones of the $ D_0^* $(2400) and D1(2430), which were obtained by using an improper resonance parameterization. It is pointed out that there should be two $ D_0^* $ and two D1 broad states in region relevant to the $ D_0^* $ (2400) and D1(2430). Suggestions towards identifying the higher nonstrange resonances are given.
Effective field theory calculations in open charm and charmonium production in media
Authors: Escobedo Espinosa Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2019

Heavy quarkonium related observables are very useful to obtain information about the medium created in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The interaction of charmonium or bottomonium with the hot QCD medium created in these collisions can be eﬃciently described with the use of non-relativistic Effective Field Theories. In this proceedings, I will review recent progress in understanding quarkonium dynamics in a thermal medium with the use of potential non-relativistic QCD (pNRQCD). First, I will discuss the medium modifications of the decay width and the binding energy. Using pNRQCD power counting it is possible to identify in which temperature regimes a potential model can describe these modifications and what is the dominant physical process behind the thermal corrections in each case. After that, I will discuss the combination of pNRQCD with open quantum systems techniques. This allows making predictions about the nuclear modification factor that can be compared with experimental measurements.
Scalar isoscalar form factors for energies above 1 GeV
Authors: Ropertz Stefan , Hanhart Christoph , Kubis Bastian
Published: March 2019

We present a new parametrization for scattering amplitudes and form factors, which is consistent with high-accuracy dispersive representations at low energies but at the same time allows for a data description of higher mass resonances such as the f0(1500) and f0(2020). The formalism is general and thus can be applied to many decay processes. As an example we discuss the decay of $ \bar {B}_s^0 $ → J/ψππ(KK). From the amplitude fixed in a fit to the experimental data pole positions and residues are extracted via Padé approximants.
Exclusive open-charm near-threshold cross sections in a coupled-channel approach
Authors: Uglov Timofey
Published: March 2019

Data on 7 open-charm channels collected by the Belle Collaboration are analyzed simultaneously using a unitary approach based on a coupled channel model in a wide energy range $ \sqrt s $ = 3.7 − 4.7 GeV. The resulting fit provides a remarkably good overall description of the line shapes in all studied channels. Parameters of 5 vector charmonium resonances are extracted from the fit. It is demonstrated, that this approach could be used account for all exclusive channels and thus solve the long-term problem of the charmonium spectra near threshold.
Experimental study of CO2 solubility in high concentration MEA solution for intensified solvent-based carbon capture
Authors: Oko Eni , Akinola Toluleke E. , Cheng Chin-Hung , Wang Meihong , Chen Jian , Ramshaw Colin
Published: March 2019

The solvent-based carbon capture process is the most matured and economical route for decarbonizing the power sector. In this process, aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) is commonly used as the solvent for CO2 scrubbing from power plant and industrial flue gases. Generally, aqueous MEA with 30 wt% (or less) concentration is considered the benchmark solvent. The CO2 solubility data in aqueous MEA solution, used for modelling of the vapour-liquid equilibria (VLE) of CO2 in MEA solutions, are widely published for 30 wt% (or less) concentration. Aqueous MEA with higher concentrations (from 40 to 100 wt%) is considered in solvent-based carbon capture designs with techniques involving process intensification (PI). PI techniques could improve the process economics and operability of solvent-based carbon capture. Developing PI for application in capture process requires CO2 solubility data for concentrated MEA solutions. These data are however limited in literature. The modelling of the vapour-liquid equilibria (VLE) of CO2 in MEA solutions for PI-based solvent capture techniques involving stronger MEA solution of about 80 wt% concentration requires solubility data at the concentration. In this study, the data for 80 wt% MEA is presented for 40,60, 100 and 120oC. The experimental technique and analytical procedure in this study were validated by comparing the measurements for 30 wt% MEA with data from the literature. The data from this study can be fitted to VLE models such as electrolyte NRTL, extended UNIQUAC etc. which is an important component of solvent-based capture model using MEA as the solvent. More accurate VLE models will improve the prediction accuracy of capture level, rich loading etc. using PI-based solvent-based capture model.
Dynamic analysis of 1100 kV composite bushing considering oil and structure interaction effects
Authors: Yue Hong Yuan , Chen Jian Yun , Xu Qiang
Published: March 2019

The 1100 kV composite bushing is one of the most important components in the ultra-high voltage electrical network. Therefore, the safety and integrity must be ensured during the operation under any conditions such as an earthquake. The primary object of this paper is to investigate the effects of oil in the dome on the dynamic responses of the 1100 kV composite bushing when subjected to horizontal seismic ground motion. The coupled finite element method (FEM) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is adopted to simulate the fluid structure interaction (FSI) between the oil and the dome. The influences of particle’s distributions on the numerical results and computational efficiencies are discussed. For comparison with the coupled FEM/SPH method, the additional mass model is also performed. The influences of oil oscillation on the time history of absolute acceleration of 1100 kV composite bushing are discussed, as well as the relative displacement and the bending moment at the base of the structure. The results show that the motion of oil in the dome with free surface can limit the vibration of the 1100 kV composite bushing and can efficiently dissipate the kinetic energy of the 1100 kV composite bushing by fluid-structure interaction.
Nonlinear analysis for the polygonal element
Authors: Xu Qiang , Chen Jian Yun , Li Jing , Zhang Gui Bing , Yue Hong Yuan , Yu Xian Zheng
Published: March 2019

As an important method for solving boundary value problems of differential equations, the finite element method (FEM) has been widely used in the fields of engineering and academic research. For two dimensional problems, the traditional finite element method mainly adopts triangular and quadrilateral elements, but the triangular element is constant strain element, its accuracy is low, the poor adaptability of quadrilateral element with complex geometry. The polygon element is more flexible and convenient in the discrete complex geometric model. Some interpolation functions of the polygon element were introduced. And some analysis was given. The numerical calculation accuracy and related features of different interpolation function were studied. The damage analysis for the koyna dam was given by using the polygonal element polygonal element of Wachspress interpolation function. The damage result is very similar to that by using Xfem, which shows the calculation accuracy of this method is very high.
Influence of temperature on the transmission performance of track circuit in high-speed railway
Authors: Yang Yixuan , Qiao Zhichao , Yin Huiyuan , Li Jilong
Published: March 2019

In order to explore the influence of temperature on track circuit, a mathematical simulation model of track circuit is established. Then, the influence mechanism of temperature on the key equipment of track circuit is analysed. Finally, the influence on the receiver voltage and the locomotive signal current are computed based on the simulation model.
Application of contact elements to represent prismatic mechanical couplings
Authors: Ghesmi Mahdi , Ould el Moctar Bettar
Published: March 2019

Accurate prediction of loads on mechanical couplings is crucial in assessment of loads on coupled structures and in optimization of mechanical coupling design. In this paper, a contact element model is introduced to represent prismatic joints. A twofold pushing convoy in shallow water was taken for time domain numerical simulations in regular waves. The prismatic joints interconnecting the convoy bodies allowed relative heave and pitch motions of the bodies relative to each other. The articulation forces and body motions were compared to model basin measurements to assess the reliability of contact element model. The contact element model could simulate the prismatic joints efficiently and it provided a suitable method to idealize free and suppressed modes at articulation locations.
Emerging from the ‘worst’: An ethnography of the modern Filipino commuting culture behind the Metro Manila traffic crisis
Authors: Fallaria A J , Jesus R de , Carpio M , Jacinto F L , Leon L De , Agapito J , Ramos J G
Published: March 2019

Metropolitan Manila has become the world’s ‘worst’ in terms of its traffic scenarios and such crisis left an impact to the commuters which has led to the emergence of the modern Filipino commuting culture. The ethnography utilized covert participant observation in which the researchers immersed themselves in the culture and experience the activities of the commuting culture. They also conducted personal and synchronous interview to the participants involved. The findings of the study are summarized through five emergent themes which represent the roots of the culture’s existence, the commuters’ preferences on public transit modes, the features of Metro Manila commuting experiences, the coping mechanisms and adjustments done by commuters, and the desires and decisions for commuting experiences, respectively. Also, the mentioned culture reflected the Filipino values such as patience, crab mentality, and the misused value of resilience. The findings ended with a concrete recommendation to establish an Internet-based platform for Metro Manila commuters and a summary report intended for public transport stakeholders and public officials.
Analytical estimation of diametral error in turning process considering flexible supports
Authors: Rathinam Kalidasan , Kumar Sandeep , Sharma Vivek
Published: March 2019

Turning is a fundamental metal cutting process. Diametral accuracy plays a vital role while turning long and slender workpieces.
Hence the estimation of diametral error becomes more important for work pieces generally with slenderness ratio greater than six. The diametral error during the turning process is caused mainly by radial cutting force component and tangential cutting force component. Apart from this, it is also affected by cutting conditions, rigidity of the machine tool and type of support condition of the work piece. The main aim of the present research work is to construct an analytical model of turning process and to estimate the diametral error of the work piece. The cutting tool edge deflection is determined based on Euler Bernoulli beam theory. The work piece is considered as propped cantilever beam with flexible supports at the ends.
These flexible supports are introduced taking the rigidity of head stock and tail stock into consideration. The radial deflection of the work piece is estimated for different slenderness ratio. It was found that the diametral error was lesser near the head stock end when compared to the tail stock end. This is due to the fact that the rigidity of the head stock higher than the tail stock. The maximum diametral error was found almost in the middle of the work piece. This occurs due to the least rigidity at the center along the length of the work piece. The obtained results are also compared with the literature. A good match was found between the results of the analytical model and published literature.
Experimental Study on the Impact Fatigue Behavior of GFRP Mesh Reinforced ECC for Runway Pavement Application
Authors: Pan Yang , Wu Chao
Published: March 2019

Concrete pavement is easy to crack and generate the chunks, which may destroy the engine of the airplane and maintenance cost is very expensive. Engineered cementitious composites (ECC) is ductile with microcracks, but its strength is low. Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) mesh imbedded in ECC could improve the strength. This paper investigates the impact fatigue behaviour of ECC and GFRP mesh reinforced ECC under 5 different impact pressures (1.61 MPa, 1.88 MPa, 2.10 MPa, 2.41 MPa and 3.60 MPa), the concrete specimens were also tested for comparison. The pulse velocity through the specimens was also tested to analyse the damage of the specimens. The experimental results show that GFRP mesh reinforced ECC has improved impact fatigue behaviour than ECC specimens. The concrete specimens were all broken after a few impacts, but the GFRP mesh reinforced ECC specimens were all not broken after impacted for 30000 times. The impact fatigue behaviour of ECC reinforced with two layers of GFRP mesh with a grid dimension of 10 mm was the best, which is a desirable pavement composite comparing to the ordinary concrete and ECC without reinforcements.
Fracture toughness of CTBN modified PF particleboard based on equal deflection rigidity
Authors: Zhang Haiyang , Qu Qin , He Yang
Published: March 2019

The fracture toughness of particleboard should be evaluated when it was intended to use in the structure system. Single edge notched beam (SENB) test method was employed to measure stress intensity factor (SIF) of the internal middle layer of the PF and CTBN modified PF particleboard. Equal deflection rigidity algorithm (EDRA) was used to homogenized the sandwich bi-material beam in order to make the test procedure match ASTM E399-2017. The results shown that the optimized CTBN addition was among 8% to 12% and the improve ratio of SIF of the particleboard middle layer was 27.27 %. Owing to the different broken mechanism, the tested fracture performance show more stability compared to the traditional internal bonding (IB) test. But the fracture test strongly depend on the notched incision morphology.