bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research and publication at crossroads
Authors: Mwilongo Nivad , Kamugisha Denis , Kilugwe Zuena
Published: August 2024

Writing and publishing scientific and rigorous work needs a high level of integrity and adherence to ethical guidelines. Several publications have been rejected by authentic journals as a result of not adhering to a deontological standpoint. This laxity has posed deadly repercussions to the beholder including ruining its institutional image in academic scholarship. Notwithstanding, numerous writers are acquainted with the consequences of not observing ethical standards in research and publication, yet in trying to put up their pieces of work get caught in the same quandary. Anchored on a thematically oriented review of literature, it was imperative to try to explain the key ethical misconduct bases in research and publication. To fulfil this quest many journal articles were analysed. It was found that numerous aspects form the basis for misconduct in research and publication including; the pressure to ‘publish or perish’, the limitation of mentorship and guidance programs, knowledge on research and publication, promotion and academic advancement, competition among colleagues, workload pressure, financial motives, pressure from individual morality, and the challenge of research culture. Consequently, it is imperative to note that to publish a scholarly piece of work, adhering to ethical standards is non-negotiable.
The effects of behavioral intention to use e-procurement system on public procurement performance in emerging countries
Authors: Shatta Deus , Mwakyeja Benjamin , Mgawe Nicholaus W.
Published: August 2024

This article aims to assess the direct and indirect influence of suppliers' and buyers' behavioral intention on the performance of public procurement in Tanzania. This is accomplished by analyzing their utilization of the e-procurement system, using an adapted rendition of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. The study used an explanatory cross-sectional survey research design and implemented a stratified sampling method to choose a sample of 312 participants, comprising of both customers and providers. The data collecting process included administering a questionnaire consisting of closed-ended questions and conducting a thorough examination of pertinent documents. The gathered data was then examined using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling, with the aid of SmartPLS 4 software. The findings indicate that behavioral intention has a favorable, direct, and indirect impact on the performance of public procurement. The research suggests that the effectiveness of public procurement is indirectly impacted by the behavioral inclination of both buyers and suppliers to use the e-procurement system. Moreover, the efficiency of the e-procurement system is significantly impacted by the use patterns of both purchasers and vendors. Therefore, it is recommended that developing countries, such as Tanzania, should take into account the behavioral intention and usage behavior of both buyers and suppliers before, during, and after the adoption of an e-procurement system.
Factor affecting organizational citizenship behavior and employee performance in banking sector
Authors: Budianto Firman , Kurniawati Desi Tri
Published: August 2024

This study aims to analyze the role of individual characteristics, organizational commitment and job satisfaction on employee performance with an organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) mediation mechanism in the banking industry in Indonesia. Quantitative analysis was used for data analysis and questionnaires as a data collection technique were disseminated online using Google Forms to 122 employees with random sampling techniques. Data analysis using SEM-PLS with the help of SmartPLS application. The results found that individual characteristics had a significant effect on employee performance. However, organizational commitment and job satisfaction do not have a significant effect on employee performance. Furthermore, individual characteristics, organizational commitment and job satisfaction have a significant effect on OCB. Then OCB has a significant effect on employee performance. In addition, OCB mediates in part the influence of individual characteristics on employee performance. While OCB perfectly mediates the effect of organizational commitment and job satisfaction on employee performance.
The role of soft skills, technical skills and academic performance on graduate employability
Authors: Mwita Kelvin , Mwilongo Nivad , Mwamboma Imani
Published: August 2024

This study examined the role of soft skills, technical skills and academic performance on graduate employability. The study was underpinned by the Human Capital Theory. By using a positivist quantitative approach data were collected from one higher education institution in Tanzania. The study used a sample of 217 final year students who filled a standard questionnaire. Data analysis employed descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that soft skills (r=.644, p<.05), technical skills (r=.593, p<.05) and academic performance (r=.376, p<.05) individually predict perceived graduate employability. As per the findings, students with better soft and technical skills have a higher chance of getting employed. On the other hand, students with higher academic performance as measured by grade point average (GPA) are more employable than those with lower performance. Controlling these three independent variables depends on efforts of various stakeholders. This research calls for collective efforts of educators, policy makers, students, regulatory authorities and other stakeholders to work in ensuring that right and relevant skills are provided in HEIs and there is a supportive environment for students to perform better academically.
Transforming policing in Ghana through technology: a focus on police operations in the Greater Accra region
Authors: Nweke Ogochukwu , Francis Smita
Published: August 2024

Integrating technology into policing has the potential to greatly improve the effectiveness, transparency, and community participation of law enforcement agencies. This study examines the profound influence of technology on the Ghana Police Service, with a specific emphasis on the Greater Accra Region. The main aim of this research is to examine how technological advancements might enhance police results and tackle existing difficulties in the context of law enforcement in Ghana. The study adopts a qualitative research approach and collects data from police officers and community members through the use of semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The investigation involved the participation of a combined total of twenty-six police officials from the Tema and Accra Regional Headquarters, as well as twenty-two community members. The data gathering procedure sought to gather a wide range of viewpoints on the present condition of technology in law enforcement, its advantages, difficulties, and prospects for future advancement. The results demonstrate that the utilisation of technology, such as mobile data terminals and social media platforms, can greatly improve the effectiveness of police operations, promote community involvement, and increase transparency. Nevertheless, the presence of obstacles such as insufficient infrastructure, cultural opposition, and the necessity for extensive training were also acknowledged. The research enhances the current knowledge by presenting empirical evidence on the benefits and constraints of technology in law enforcement, particularly in the setting of Ghana. This study emphasises the significance of making strategic investments in technology infrastructure and training, as well as the necessity of establishing legal frameworks to tackle ethical and privacy concerns. Additionally, it proposes that future studies should prioritise examining the enduring viability of technological advancements in law enforcement and investigating their effects in various geographical areas. The study suggests that politicians and law enforcement organisations should promote the deployment of technology in a way that is successful and build public trust in the Ghana Police Service.
The impact of social and work-related social media usage on job performance
Authors: Tirtana Arif , Christin Susilowati  , Desi Tri Kurniawati
Published: August 2024

This study aims to analyze the impact of social and work-related social media usage on job performance, both directly and indirectly, mediated by knowledge sharing and job satisfaction. The research employs a quantitative method, with respondents comprising lecturers from private universities in Malang City, Indonesia. The sample size, determined using Slovin's formula, consists of 351 respondents. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires, and the relationships between variables were analyzed using PLS with the SmartPLS application. The hypothesis analysis results indicate that social-related social media usage does not affect knowledge sharing but positively influences job satisfaction and job performance. Work-related social media usage has a significant positive relationship with knowledge sharing, job satisfaction, and job performance. Knowledge sharing cannot mediate the relationship between social-related social media usage and job performance. However, job satisfaction can mediate the relationship between these variables. Knowledge sharing and job satisfaction significantly positively mediate the relationship between work-related social media usage and job performance. The results of this study provide insights for higher education leaders regarding the management of social media in higher education institutions, emphasizing both social and work-related social media usage. Both have different impacts, especially on knowledge sharing. Policies to restrict social-related social media usage during work hours are necessary because informal communication can disrupt concentration during work, communication overload can also occur due to excessive unplanned communication, and echo chambers can result in minority lecturers engaging more in knowledge hiding.
Challenges encountered by SMMEs in accessing bank credit: a case of Vhembe District Municipality
Authors: Ramudingane Khamusi , Nkondo Livhuwani Gladys
Published: August 2024

Policymakers and scholars universally accept and recognize the influence of small, macro, and medium enterprises (SMMEs) on stimulating economic growth and job creation. To succeed and prosper, SMMEs need to establish a sound financial management function; therefore, it is vital to investigate the financial challenges these firms are experiencing. The objective of this paper was, to investigate possible challenges that SMMEs experience when applying for credit from banks. The study sought to answer the main research question - ‘What challenges are encountered by SMMEs when applying for credit from banks? The study adopted a qualitative research methodology. The population used in this research was derived from SMMEs and banking officials in the Vhembe District Municipality area. Stratified random sampling was used to select a sample of 10 research participants. An interview guide was used to gather data from the participants; the data was analyzed using Atlas.ti. The results indicated that most SMMEs in the Vhembe district are not adequately supported, especially in the areas of financial resources, as well as in financial literacy skills and expertise. Specifically, this study identified that the credit application challenges faced by SMMEs are related to - lack of collateral security, lack of financial application education, complex bank credit access regulations, non-satisfaction of banks’ qualifying criteria, as well as stringent credit system, and documentation requirements.
Influence of valuable resources in performance of SMEs in Nairobi County
Authors: Mwaura Roselyn , Muchara Maina , Kangu Maureen
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Resources and capabilities in SMEs are only advantageous when the SMEs have the potential to execute the right strategies and processes. SMEs must analyze their business environments and understand the resources available to operate efficiently and effectively and achieve a sustained performance. This study is the subject of the influence of valuable resources on performance of SMEs. This study used a cross-sectional survey design. The target population for this study comprised of 121, 680 SMEs. The research used stratified random sampling technique. The  sample size of this study was 399 SMEs. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Findings showed that there was a positive significant correlation between valuable resource and SMEs performance (r=.270; p<.01). According to the linear regression analysis valuable resources account for 7.3% of SMEs performance. According to the regression coefficients, one-unit increase in valuable resources improved SMEs performance by 0.269 units (? = 0.269). The t-statistics results showed that t = 4.778, p<0.05. Therefore, there was enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that valuable resources have a statistically significant influence on SMEs Performance. The study concluded that valuable resource has a significant relationship with SMEs Performance. Valuable resources have a statistically significant influence on SMEs Performance. Increasing valuable resources in an SMEs will help the enterprise register higher performance.
Key Words: Organizational Resources, Valuable Resources, Performance
Building bridges: impact of regional cooperation and the belt and road initiative integration on Afghanistan’s trade balance
Authors: Zakirullah Zaki , Tian Guiliang , Imran Rafiq
Published: August 2024

The main purpose of the study is to shed light on how the Belt and Road Initiative, Foreign Direct Investment, and Regional Cooperation affect Afghanistan's Trade Balance. In research, we used a mixed-methods approach to thoroughly investigate the relationships among distinct variables. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and reliability analysis were carried out using SPSS and AMOS was utilized in the research to validate the data and establish a measurement model, for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The study found that integration with BRI has a significant impact on Afghanistan’s trade balance (M = 3.925, SD = 1.048), with effective regional cooperation Afghanistan can enhance trade, ease barriers, and promote cooperation with neighboring countries (M = 4.017, SD = 1.095). Trade Balance (M = 3.938, SD = 1.112), Also, the importance of attracting FDI is to boost exports and reduce dependence on imports and it is necessary to implement policies for sustainable development (M = 3.983, SD = 1.096). To promote trade, and cooperation and ensure prosperity in the region, the governments can utilize strategic cooperation and create investment opportunities. In conclusion, the study found the importance of cooperation, strategies, and attracting FDI to address both trade facilitation and promote investment for a positive impact on trade balance and influence development.
Navigating leadership in uncertain times: the role of personality and context
Authors: Vergossen Hannah
Published: August 2024

This study examines the relationship between contextual and personality factors and leadership behavior. Understanding the dynamics of explorative and exploitative leadership behavior is critical in today's organizations. Data from an empirical study of N=139 German leaders from different industries show significant positive correlations between emotional stability, openness to experience and explorative leadership behavior. In addition, perceived environmental uncertainty and autonomy are significant factors that positively influence explorative leadership behavior. These findings offer recommendations for leaders and organizations in turbulent times and highlight the complex interplay of context, personality and leadership behavior.
Rethinking Cancer Initiation, Promotion, and Progression: Senescence, Endopolyploidy and Meiosis as Players in a Stress-Induced Regenerative Cell Cycle
Authors: Kirkendoll April
Published: August 2024

Many definitions of cancer have been proposed over the years to explain cancer’s origins and pathophysiology, but the disease is too variable to allow any single description to completely encompass all of the myriad traits. A true, unifying theory of cancer must not only reveal how all known carcinogens contribute toward malignancy, but must also elucidate why cancers occur predominately in older patients, why they express so many similar behaviors, as well as account for each cancer’s individual variations. A conceptual reorganization of decades of cancer data may reveal the fundamental process that underlies the malignant transformation of cells, which not only provides a new understanding of the etiology of cancers, but also helps to interpret the subsequent events that occur after transformation, which is of significant clinical interest. The revised concepts of initiation, promotion, and progression suggest that cancer is a failed or incomplete attempt at regeneration that occurs when ordinary cellular events unintentionally coincide over time to force the use of a DNA repair pathway that is normally restricted for use in germ cells.
Persistent Levels of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM Antibody Measured by an In-house ELISA in a Convalescent Latin Population Positively Correlate with the Neutralizing Percentages to Several Variants of Concern
Authors: Espino Ana M , Armina-Rodriguez Albersy , Cardona Paola , Ocasio-Malavé Carlimar , Alvarez Laura , Sariol Carlos A
Published: August 2024

The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent for the COVID-19 first registered in Wuhan, China and responsible for more than 6 million deaths worldwide. Currently, RT-PCR is the gold standard method for diagnosing COVID-19. However, serological tests are needed for screening acute disease diagnosis and screening large populations during the COVID-19 outbreak. Herein we described the development of an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting levels of anti-Spike-1-RBD IgM antibody in well-defined serum/plasma panel for screening and identifying subjects infected with SARS-CoV-2 in a Latin population. We found that, compared to the RT-PCR as standard method, the in-house CovIgM-ELISA displayed sensitivities of 96.15% and 93.22% for samples collected up to 30 or 60 days after infection, respectively, as well as 95.59% specificity with 97.3% accuracy. The agreement kappa value (κ) of our CovIgM-ELISA was substantial when compared to RT-PCR (κ =0.873) and to SCoV-2 DetectTM IgM ELISA (κ = 0.684). The IgM levels detected in the population positively correlate with the neutralizing activity against the Wild-type, Alpha and Delta variants but failed to neutralize Omicron. These data indicate that our in-house CovIgM-ELISA is a compatible performing assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Varying Tolerance to Diesel Toxicity Revealed by Growth Response Evaluation of Petunia grandiflora Shoot Lines Regenerated after Diesel Fuel Treatment
Authors: Wante Solomon Peter , Leung David W.M. , Alizadeh Hossein
Published: August 2024

Continuous efforts are required to find ways to protect crop production against the toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons, such as diesel, contamination of soils. There is a need for identification of candidate plants that are tolerant to diesel toxicity that might also have the potential for remediation of diesel-contaminated soils. In this study, petunia, a popular ornamental plant and a model experimental plant in research on phytoremediation of environmental pollutants, was used to evaluate a novel method for rapidly assessing diesel toxicity based on the tolerance of shoots generated through in vitro plamt cell culture selection. Petunia shoot lines (L1 to L4) regenerated from diesel-treated callus were compared with those from non-diesel-treated callus (control). Significant morphological differences were observed among the tested lines and control, notably with L1 and L4 showing superior growth. In particular, L4 exhibited remarkable adaptability, with increased root development and microbial counts in a diesel-contaminated potting mix, suggesting that the shoots exhibited enhanced tolerance to diesel exposure. Here, this rapid bioassay has been shown to effectively identify plants with varying levels of tolerance to diesel toxicity and could therefore assist accelerated selection of superior plants for phytoremediation. Further research is needed to understand the genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying tolerance traits, with potential applications beyond petunias to other environmentally significant plants.
Effects of Forest Bathing (Shinrin-Yoku) in Female Subjects with Depression/Depressive Tendencies
Authors: Li Qing , Takayama Norimasa , Katsumata Masao , Takayama Hiroshi , Kimura Yukako , Kumeda Shigeyoshi , Miura Takashi , Ichimiya Tetsuya , Tan Ruri , Shimomura Haruka , Tateno Amane , Kitagawa Tsunemi , Aoyagi Yoichiro , Imai Michiko
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Background: We previously found that forest bathing significantly reduced the scores for negative emotions and in-creased the score for vigor in the profile of mood states (POMS) test in both males and females and increased the sero-tonin level in males, indicating the potential for beneficial effect on depressive status. In the present study, we investi-gated the effects of forest bathing on the levels of serotonin, oxytocin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) in blood, Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores, POMS, subjective fatigue symptoms and subjective sleep quality in female subjects with depression/depressive tendencies. Methods: Thirty-one female subjects aged 40.1±2.4 years with depression/depressive tendencies were recruited after obtaining informed consent. These subjects took day trips to a forest park, the birthplace of forest bathing in Japan named Akasawa Shizen Kyuyourin in Nagano Prefecture, and to a city area of Nagano Prefecture as a control in June 2023. On both trips, they walked 2.2-2.5 km for two hours each in the morning and afternoon on Saturday and Sunday, respectively. Blood was sampled in the afternoon before and after each trip. Concentrations of serotonin, oxytocin, IGF-1 and lactic acid in blood were measured. The SDS scores, POMS test, and questionnaires for subjective fatigue symptoms and subjective sleep quality were conducted before and after the trips. Ambient temperature and humidity were monitoring during the trips. The Nippon Medical School Central Ethics Committee approved this study. Results: Forest bathing significantly decreased SDS scores and the effect lasted for one week after forest bathing. Forest bath-ing also significantly increased the level of serotonin in serum in subjects who were not taking antidepressants, significantly increased the levels of oxytocin and IGF-1 in blood, significantly increased the scores for vigor-activity and friendliness and de-creased the scores for anger-hostility, confusion-bewilderment, fatigue-inertia, tension-anxiety, depression-dejection and total mood disturbance compared with city walking (all p
An Analysis of General and Specific Deterrence Perception of Drivers Using Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Khojastehpour Mohammad , Sahebi Sina , SafariTaherkhani Mohammad
Published: August 2024

In 2018, Iran witnessed approximately 21,000 fatalities resulting from road accidents, ranking it as the fifth leading cause of death across all age groups. These incidents carry substantial economic and social burden for the nation, claiming more than 5% of its GDP. Human behavior emerges as a significant contributing factor to high-risk driving offenses. It has been proposed that by influencing general deterrence, a rigorous defense can be established against such violations. Various theories posit that by reinforcing or diminishing influential factors, general deterrence perception can be molded, presenting a potential avenue for an effective deterrent against traffic infractions. This study examines deterrence perceptions prevailing among the public in Iran regarding the enforcement of traffic laws. Employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), we delve into the intricate relationships between variables, allowing for a comprehensive exploration of the factors influencing general deterrence. The study draws on the data derived from a survey comprising 548 questionnaires for modeling purposes. An innovative concept, private sector enforcement, is introduced and incorporated into the questioning and modeling process. The findings reveal that socioeconomic status (p-value<0.01), police enforcement (p-value<0.05), private sector enforcement (p-value<0.05), specific deterrence (p-value<0.01), and the use of technology (p-value<0.01) have direct and indirect impacts on the general deterrence perception of drivers.
Historic p87 Is Diagnostic for Lung Cancer Preceding Clinical Presentation by at Least 4 Years
Authors: Tobi Martin , EZEKWUDO DANIEL E , Tobi Yosef , Yang Yu-Xiao , Antaki Fadi , Rambus MaryAnn , Talwar Harvinder , McVicker Benita , Levi Edi
Published: August 2024

Lung cancer remains the most common cancer worldwide with a limited prognosis despite personalized treatment regimens. Low-dose computed tomography (CT) scanning as a means to early diagnosis has been disappointing due to the high false positive rate. Other non-invasive means of testing need to be developed that offer both timely diagnosis and predict prognosis.
Methods: In the course of stool testing in a large-scale testing of 2,922 patients at increased risk of CRC we were able to ascertain 112 patients documented to have prospectively been diagnosed with lung cancer. Stool and colonic effluents were tested for p87 with anti-adenoma antibody (Adnab-9) reactivity by ELISA and western blot. Survival data were obtained where available. Results: Of 112 cancers, approximately 27.6% were squamous (SSC), 17.9% were adenocarcinoma, 8% small, 6.25% large cell and 3.57% were designated non-small cell cancer (NSCLC), 0.89% indeterminate, 0.89% lepidic spread (1), 3.57% had metastasis and in 31.25% data was unavailable. 49.1% of the lung cancer patients had fecal Adnab-9 testing. Overall, 60% had positive testing compared to 38%, which was significant (OR2.19[1/06-4.53];p=0.045). Cancers with higher lethality were less likely to test positive (approximately, 8.5% each for both small and large cell lung cancers), and higher, 56% with SCC and 25% for adenocarcinoma. 0% NSCLC). In the larger groups overall survival was worse in those testing positive: 474 testing positive versus 844 days in SCC and 54 testing positive versus 749 days in adenocarcinoma patients. Most importantly, the time from a positive test to the clinical diagnosis ranged from 2.72 years for small cell, 3.13 for adenocarcinoma, 5.07 for NSCLC, 6.07 for SSC, and 6.24 for large cell cancer. In excluded cases where cancer in the lung was believed to be metastatic,83.3% of cancers were positive. Conclusions: At a projected real-world sensitivity of 0.60 and specificity of 0.60 and the ability to predate diagnosis by up to 4.7 years overall, this test could help direct lung cancer screening. In addition, the Adnab-9 testing selectively detects worse tumor types (87.5%) and those with worse prognosis amongst the more common, favorable phenotypes thus making early diagnosis possible in those patients who stand to benefit most from this strategy. Metastatic lung cancer also detected by the test should be identified by the follow-up imaging studies and therefore would not be considered to be a major pitfall.
Soft Sets Extensions: Innovating Healthcare Claims Analysis
Authors: Gifu Daniela
Published: August 2024

In the dynamic arena of healthcare research, where the complexities of data often rival the intricacies of biological systems, the ability to model and analyze such multifaceted datasets is crucial. This comprehensive review delves into the evolution and application of Soft Sets and their extensions, including HyperSoft Sets, SuperHyperSoft Sets, IndetermSoft Sets, IndetermHyperSoft Sets, and TreeSoft Sets, in healthcare claims data analysis. These extensions address intricate challenges in data analysis, offering versatile frameworks for managing uncertainty and indeterminacy inherent in healthcare claims data. By exploring their definitions and applications, this review elucidates how these mathematical tools have evolved and their significance in advancing healthcare research and enhancing data analysis methodologies. Real-world examples underscore the implications of these tools, emphasizing their pivotal role in facilitating informed decision-making and knowledge discovery in healthcare. The review systematically examines various case studies and research findings to illustrate the practical utility of Soft Set extensions. Detailed analyses of real-world scenarios highlight advancements in processing complex healthcare data. The conclusions drawn from this analysis indicate that the adoption of Soft Sets and their extensions can significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of healthcare data analysis, ultimately contributing to better healthcare outcomes and more informed policy-making. Future research directions are also discussed, suggesting further potential applications and developments in this field.
Coupling of Urban-Rural Transformation and Ecological Environment in Mountainous and Hilly Counties in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River: A Case Study of Lingbao City, Henan Province
Authors: Cheng Mingyang , Zhao Jiaqi , Ning Yuan , Huang Chengfang
Published: August 2024

To explore the coupling mechanism between urban-rural transformation (URT) and the ecological environment in counties forms the basis for achieving high-quality and sustainable county development. Despite the richness of research on the relationship between urban and rural development and the ecological environment, the county level remains the basic unit of rural revitalization in China, and further research on the coupling mechanism between URT and the ecological environment at this level is needed. Therefore, the study developed an evaluation system for URT, incorporated NDVI data indicators, and employed the coupling coordination degree (CCD) model along with GIS tools to investigate the spatio-temporal pattern of URT and NDVI evolution, and the CCD in each administrative village within Lingbao City. Additionally, a geoDetector model was employed to analyze the influencing factors affecting the CCD of URT and NDVI. Finally, the study explores the coupling mechanism and optimization path. The result shows that: (1) During the study period, the URT level in administrative villages within the study area markedly improved, while NDVI exhibited an increasing-then-decreasing trend; (2) The CCD between URT and NDVI in the northern and central regions of the study area is higher than that in the southern region, with an overall low level; (3) The spatial heterogeneity of CCD is significant, largely influenced by socio-economy, natural environment, policy funds, and geographical location, where the elements comprising CCD mutually influence each other; (4) Drawing upon the coupling and coordination dynamics between URT and the ecological environment within Lingbao City, this research categorizes it into seven types with distinct optimization paths. This study provides a valuable reference for guiding the high-quality and sustainable development strategies for mountainous and hilly counties within the Yellow River basin.
Synthesis of poly(L-Lactide)–Poly(-Caprolactone)–Poly(ethylene Glycol) Terpolymer Grafted onto Partially Oxidized Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites for Drug Delivery
Authors: González-Iñiguez Karla J. , Figueroa-Ochoa Edgar B. , Martínez-Richa Antonio , Cajero-Zul Leonardo R. , Nuño-Donlucas Sergio M.
Published: August 2024

Nanocomposites prepared with a terpolymer of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA)–poly(-caprolactone) (PCL)–poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and partially oxidized carbon nanotubes (CNTspo) were synthesized and characterized to evaluate their ability to act as an effective nanocarrier of the anticancer drug methotrexate. The homopolymers of PLLA and PCL were synthesized through ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and characterized through gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The PLLA–PCL–PEG terpolymers were synthesized through a four-step chemical route using oxalyl chloride as a linker agent and analyzed through 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopies. Also, the nanocomposites were characterized through FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectroscopies and, using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. XPS analysis revealed that CNTspo is grafted to PLLA–PCL–PEG terpolymer. Besides, evaluation through FT-IR and DSC strongly suggests that the CNTspo are preferentially oriented to the PCL-rich domains. The release tests exhibited a “burst effect” profile, which was more evident in the terpolymers than in the nanocomposites. Five models were used to assess the methotrexate in vitro release. For the nanocomposites, the best fit to the experimental data was obtained using the first-order model, whereas the results obtained from the Korsmeyer–Peppas model indicated that a Fickian diffusion drives the methotrexate release.
Deterministic Physically-Based Distributed Models for Rainfall-Induced Shallow Landslides
Authors: Sannino Giada , Bordoni Massimiliano , Bittelli Marco , Meisina Claudia , Tomei Fausto , Valentino Roberto
Published: August 2024

Facing global warming consequences is a major issue of present times. For what concerns climate, projections say that heavy rainfalls are going to increase with high probability together with temperature rise, thus also the hazard related to rainfall induced shallow landslides will likely increase in density over susceptible territories. Different modeling approaches exist and any of them is forced to make simplifications in order to reproduce landslide occurrences over space and time. Process based models can help in quantifying the consequences of heavy rainfall on the different involved processes. In this paper, a narrative review about physically-based deterministic distributed models (PBDDMs) is presented. Models were selected based on: the adoption of the infinite slope scheme (ISS), the use of a deterministic approach (i.e., input and output are treated as absolute values), the inclusion of new approaches in modeling slope stability through the ISS. Models are presented in chronological order with the aim of drawing a timeline of the evolution of PBDDMs and to give researchers and practitioners a basic knowledge on how much has been already done. Results indicate that including vegetation effects on slope stability has raised in importance over time but that there is still the need of finding an efficient way to include them, and that in the last years the literature production seems to be more focused on probabilistic approaches.
Portable and Inexpensive Blue LED based UV-Vis Spectrophotometer with Smartphone Detector as a Chemistry Learning Innovation
Authors: Salsabiila Fa'ari , Rahmawati Laila Nur , Kholidah Heny Muna , Shidiq Ari Syahidul
Published: August 2024

Effective study of chemistry requires access to complete and affordable laboratory equipment. Practical activities provide hands-on learning experiences and help students understand chemical concepts more easily. The spectrophotometer is a key instrument in chemistry labs, but its high cost and complex maintenance often make it unavailable in schools. This study aims to design and develop an inexpensive, simple, and portable UV-Vis spectrophotometer that offers quick analysis, making it accessible for high schools as a contextual chemistry learning tool. Experimental methods were employed in laboratories and chemistry classrooms, focusing on measuring solution content. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer was developed using LED light sources and smartphones as detectors and data processors. Integrating smartphones with the spectrophotometer for data reading represents a significant innovation. Testing revealed that the prototype demonstrated high accuracy and precision, with recovery values between 90-110% and precision test results below 2%, indicating good repeatability. The Limit of Detection (LOD) was found to be 0.43 ppm, and the Limit of Quantification (LOQ) was 20.99 ppm. Classroom implementation involved 23 students from a private school in Surakarta, using questionnaires and learning outcome tests. Results showed that the prototype effectively enhanced students' understanding of stoichiometry, with an 89.217% improvement. Additionally, 89.681% of students responded positively to using the prototype as a learning tool. This research demonstrates that a simple, portable, and affordable spectrophotometer can be developed as an interactive learning medium in high schools, significantly improving students' comprehension and engagement in chemistry. The prototype aligns with the principles of laboratory UV-Vis spectrophotometry and Lambert-Beer's law, where higher solution concentrations correspond to greater absorbance values.
The Correlation between Students’ Self-Regulated Learning Strategies and their Writing Ability in Argumentative Writing Class
Authors: Amalia Nur Zikri , Lestari Lies Amin , Anam Syafi'ul
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the use of self-regulated learning strategies by students at a public university in Surabaya and examines the relationship between these strategies and their performance in argumentative writing classes. The sample comprised 57 students of both genders, selected through convenience sampling, and representing various academic years. All participants had previously completed an argumentation class. To achieve the study’s objectives, the Self-Regulated Learning Questionnaire (WSSRLQ) was adapted to meet the specific needs of the study, and students' argumentative writing scores were analyzed correlationally. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.830. Results indicate that metacognitive strategies were the most frequently employed, particularly in guiding planning and improving the quality of writing assignments. Students also utilized cognitive strategies focused on language elements, social-behavioral strategies, and motivational strategies to enhance their writing performance. The study revealed a strong correlation between cognitive strategies and writing performance, a moderate correlation for metacognitive and motivational strategies, and no correlation for social-behavioral strategies. Overall, a weak correlation was observed between self-regulated learning strategies and overall writing abilities.
The Impact of the Common Knowledge Construction Model (CKCM) Integrated with Ethnoscience and Podcasts on Science Process Skills in the Topic of Chemical Bonding
Authors: Nurlatifah Viki , Masykuri Mohammad , Ciptonugroho Wirawan , Yamtinah Sri , Ulfa Maria , Mulyani Bakti , Saputro Agung Nugroho Catur , Shidiq Ari Syahidul
Published: August 2024

Technological advances and competition in the 21st-century demand that students enhance their knowledge and skills. The Common Knowledge Construction Model (CKCM) can effectively influence students' academic skills and achievements in chemistry. This study examined the impact of CKCM integrated with ethnoscience and podcasts on improving science process skills and student learning outcomes. A quasi-experimental design with cluster random sampling was employed to select experimental and control groups from the population of specialization 11th-grade science program  (five classes) in a senior high school in Boyolali Regency. Multiple-choice questions were used to measure science process skills and learning outcomes. Descriptive analysis and hypothesis testing were conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The results revealed a significance value of 0.000 in both hypothesis tests for science process skills and learning outcomes. A significance value of less than 0.05 indicates that the application of CKCM positively impacts both variables. Integrating ethnoscience provides a deeper understanding by building culturally contextualized logical thinking. Supported by podcast media, it creates a dynamic and engaging learning environment that helps students actively construct their knowledge. This research contributes to developing the CKCM learning model mediated by podcasts to empower chemistry knowledge and science process skills, preparing students to meet the challenges of the 21st century.
Effectiveness of Targeting and Implementation of Education Assistance Using Binary Logistic Regression: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Sitompul Gabriele Theresa , Iskandar Deden Dinar
Published: August 2024

The dropout rate is higher at advanced educational levels. The Indonesian government seeks to ensure inclusive and equitable education by providing educational support to children, particularly those from low-income families in households and schools. The study analyzes the Smart Indonesia Program's (PIP) effectiveness in providing educational assistance to poor or vulnerable households. Due to budget constraints, it is crucial to target aid accurately; however, government-defined poverty criteria can lead to errors in both inclusion and exclusion in the distribution of social assistance. The data for this study were derived from the household surveys conducted in the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) in Indonesia in March 2021. This research focused on sample households in Bogor Regency, West Java Province, and Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan Province. The data were analyzed using Binary Logistic Regression to identify the factors influencing the receipt of the PIP. The regression analysis was performed using STATA 17.0. The findings indicate that identity ownership, status as a Family Hope Program (PKH) beneficiary, Family Welfare Card program (KKS) participation, and geographical region significantly impact the likelihood of receiving assistance. Households receiving the PKH had a 5.32 times higher probability of receiving the PIP assistance than those that did not. These findings align with the primary eligibility criteria of the PIP, which provides supplementary educational assistance to families enrolled in the PKH. Therefore, the results suggest that the targeting and distribution of the PIP assistance were significantly influenced by identity ownership status rather than the household characteristics traditionally used to define poverty and distributing aid.
Indonesian Students' Computational Thinking Performance Based on Level and Gender
Authors: Fitriyah Yuni , Wahyudin Wahyudin , Nurhayati Hanifah , Febrianti Tri Sedya
Published: August 2024

Computational thinking (CT) has become an essential competency for students in the 21st century. This study examines the CT proficiency of Indonesian students using data from the Bebras Challenge 2023, an international competition designed to evaluate students' CT skills. The research employs a quantitative ex post facto approach, including a sample of 3,648 students from elementary, junior high, and senior high schools in Indonesia who participated in the Bebras Challenge 2023 and achieved a minimum score of 50. The primary data source for this study is secondary, derived from the Bebras Challenge 2023 test results obtained legally from the official website bebras.or.id, adhering strictly to ethical guidelines regarding participant anonymity. Data analysis techniques include using SPSS 23 software and applying descriptive and inferential statistical methods, specifically the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, to examine average score discrepancies across different groups. The findings indicate that CT skills among Indonesian students are significantly underdeveloped, with 87% of participants scoring below the minimum threshold of 50. The average scores of those who exceeded the threshold were around 56.25, indicating room for improvement. Significant disparities in CT abilities were observed among student groups categorized as Siaga, Penggalang, and Penegak, with varying proficiency levels. Additionally, gender-based differences were noted, with male students demonstrating superior CT abilities compared to female students. The study emphasizes the need for collaborative efforts among educators, policymakers, and communities to enhance CT education in Indonesia, advocating for integrated CT curricula, targeted educator training programs, and inclusive learning environments that foster CT skills across all student demographics.
Assessing Language Reasoning Skills of Indonesian Students Using Computerized Adaptive Testing
Authors: Sudaryanto Memet , Utomo Muhammad Nur Yasir
Published: August 2024

Language, as the fundamental means of communication, represents the symbolization of thoughts conveyed to others. Human understanding of the structure of messages relies on the speaker's language reasoning ability. This ability can be measured from the simplest to the most complex stimuli. Traditionally, assessing language reasoning has been done through written tests, which require extensive preparation and are time-consuming. This study proposes a model for measuring language reasoning ability using a Computerized Adaptive Test (CAT). The CAT adjusts the difficulty of questions in real time based on the participant's responses. If a participant answers correctly, the system presents a more challenging question. Conversely, the system selects an easier question if the participant answers incorrectly. This adaptive approach ensures a tailored and efficient assessment experience, accurately measuring the participant's abilities. The research began by developing a valid and reliable language reasoning test instrument and its quadrant class. This included determining the starting, jumping, and stopping points, culminating in the CAT design. The results of the CAT proposed in this study can map basic language reasoning skills, starting from understanding the concept of facts, applying linguistic rules according to the agreement formed in the read clauses, breaking down information into more specific forms, judging the values of ideas, combining word selection, ideas formation, and context, analogy thinking, and comparative thinking. The analysis revealed that the participants' dominant ability was in comparative thinking, which involves comparing language forms, conditions, settings, and messages in written discourse. Moreover, the CAT system proposed in this study was proven to speed up the testing process while enabling students to complete the tests according to their abilities.