bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 4 (BoHV-4) Vector Delivering Nucleocapsid Protein of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Induces Comparable Protective Immunity against Lethal Challenge in IFNα/β/γR−/− Mice Models
Authors: Aligholipour Farzani Touraj , Földes Katalin , Hanifehnezhad Alireza , Yener Ilce Burcu , Bilge Dagalp Seval , Amirzadeh Khiabani Neda , Ergünay Koray , Alkan Feray , Karaoglu Taner , Bodur Hurrem , Ozkul Aykut
Published: March 2019

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is the causative agent of a tick-borne infection with a significant mortality rate of up to 40% in endemic areas, with evidence of geographical expansion. Due to a lack of effective therapeutics and control measures, the development of a protective CCHFV vaccine remains a crucial public health task. This paper describes, for the first time, a Bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BoHV-4)-based viral vector (BoHV4-∆TK-CCHFV-N) and its immunogenicity in BALB/c and protection potential in IFNα/β/γR−/− mice models in comparison with two routinely used vaccine platforms, namely, Adenovirus type 5 and a DNA vector (pCDNA3.1 myc/His A), expressing the same antigen. All vaccine constructs successfully elicited significantly elevated cytokine levels and specific antibody responses in immunized BALB/c and IFNα/β/γR−/− mice. However, despite highly specific antibody responses in both animal models, the antibodies produced were unable to neutralize the virus in vitro. In the challenge experiment, only the BoHV4-∆TK-CCHFV-N and Ad5-N constructs produced 100% protection against lethal doses of the CCHFV Ank-2 strain in IFNα/β/γR−/− mice. The delivery platforms could not be compared due to similar protection rates in IFNα/β/γR−/− mice. However, during the challenge experiment in the T cell and passive antibody transfer assay, BoHV4-∆TK-CCHFV-N was dominant, with a protection rate of 75% compared to others. In conclusion, vector-based CCHFV N protein expression constitutes an effective approach for vaccine development and BoHV-4 emerged as a strong alternative to previously used viral vectors.
Prion Variants of Yeast are Numerous, Mutable, and Segregate on Growth, Affecting Prion Pathogenesis, Transmission Barriers, and Sensitivity to Anti-Prion Systems
Authors: Wickner Reed B. , Son Moonil , Edskes Herman K.
Published: March 2019

The known amyloid-based prions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae each have multiple heritable forms, called “prion variants” or “prion strains”. These variants, all based on the same prion protein sequence, differ in their biological properties and their detailed amyloid structures, although each of the few examined to date have an in-register parallel folded β sheet architecture. Here, we review the range of biological properties of yeast prion variants, factors affecting their generation and propagation, the interaction of prion variants with each other, the mutability of prions, and their segregation during mitotic growth. After early differentiation between strong and weak stable and unstable variants, the parameters distinguishing the variants has dramatically increased, only occasionally correlating with the strong/weak paradigm. A sensitivity to inter- and intraspecies barriers, anti-prion systems, and chaperone deficiencies or excesses and other factors all have dramatic selective effects on prion variants. Recent studies of anti-prion systems, which cure prions in wild strains, have revealed an enormous array of new variants, normally eliminated as they arise and so not previously studied. This work suggests that defects in the anti-prion systems, analogous to immune deficiencies, may be at the root of some human amyloidoses.
Directed in Vitro Evolution of Therapeutic Bacteriophages: The Appelmans Protocol
Authors: Burrowes Ben H. , Molineux Ian J. , Fralick Joe A.
Published: March 2019

The ‘Appelmans protocol’ is used by Eastern European researchers to generate therapeutic phages with novel lytic host ranges. Phage cocktails are iteratively grown on a suite of mostly refractory bacterial isolates until the evolved cocktail can lyse the phage-resistant strains. To study this process, we developed a modified protocol using a cocktail of three Pseudomonas phages and a suite of eight phage-resistant (including a common laboratory strain) and two phage-sensitive Pseudomona aeruginosa strains. After 30 rounds of selection, phages were isolated from the evolved cocktail with greatly increased host range. Control experiments with individual phages showed little host-range expansion, and genomic analysis of one of the broad-host-range output phages showed its recombinatorial origin, suggesting that the protocol works predominantly via recombination between phages. The Appelmans protocol may be useful for evolving therapeutic phage cocktails as required from well-defined precursor phages.
Leaf Gas Exchange, Plant Water Relations and Water Use Efficiency of Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp. Inoculated with Rhizobia under Different Soil Water Regimes
Authors: Tankari Moussa , Wang Chao , Zhang Ximei , Li Li , Soothar Rajesh Kumar , Ma Haiyang , Xing Huanli , Yan Changrong , Zhang Yanqing , Liu Fulai , Wang Yaosheng
Published: March 2019

Impact of soil water regimes on physiological responses and water use efficiency (WUE) for Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (cowpea) inoculated with rhizobia still remains implicit. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to examine the leaf gas exchange, abscisic acid (ABA) and hydraulic signaling, WUE and carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions (δ13C and δ18O) of cowpea under different soil water levels. The treatments included soil water regimes at three levels (90%, 70%, and 50% of soil water holding capacity (SWHC)) and two inoculation forms (inoculated and non-inoculated with rhizobia). The results showed that across the inoculation treatments, reduced soil water regimes depressed both stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthesis (An) of the leaves, nonetheless, the decrease of gs was more pronounced compared with the reduction in An. Consequently, the intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) was improved in the treatments under decreased soil water conditions. Plant WUE was also improved when soil water contents decreased as exemplified by the increased leaf δ13C and δ18O, indicating the enhanced plant WUE was mainly attributed to the decrease of gs. Significant interactions between soil water regimes and rhizobia treatments for root water potential (RWP), leaf water potential (LWP), and gs were found due to the different responses of rhizobia to varied soil water regimes. Inoculation could improve plant water status and gs under 70% and 90% SWHC compared to 50% SWHC with negative effect from rhizobia. A moderate soil water regime is suggested for cowpea production in terms of high WUE with a minor biomass reduction.
The Application of Multi-Criteria Analysis Methods for the Determination of Priorities in the Implementation of Irrigation Plans
Authors: Karleuša Barbara , Hajdinger Andreja , Tadić Lidija
Published: March 2019

Irrigated agriculture has considerable impacts on the environment. To minimize negative effects and maximize positive effects, it is necessary to provide comprehensive analyses beyond the strictly technical domain. In this study, we apply a methodology for determining priorities in implementing irrigation plans using multi-criteria analysis methods on a specific case study area in the sub-catchment area of the Orljava River in Požega–Slavonia County, Croatia. Five potential irrigation areas (Orljava–Londža, Pleternica, Ovčare, Treštanovci, and Venje–Hrnjevac) were analyzed according to five selected criteria: environmental protection, water-related (four sub-criteria), social, economic, and time criteria with different criteria importance (weight). The aim of this study was to confirm the adequacy of using six multi-criteria analysis (MCA) methods (mostly used: PROMETHEE, AHP, ELECTRE TRI, and the less used: DEXi, PRIME, and PCA) in determining priorities for fulfilling irrigation plans, present models for preparation of the input data, apply certain methods, and compare the results on the selected case study area. The methods’ adequacy was confirmed during the research. Five of the six MCA methods identified the Ovčare area as the most appropriate for irrigation development (i.e., it has priority in implementing the irrigation plan). According to one (AHP) of the six methods, Orljava–Londža has more advantages over other areas. All MCA methods, except PCA, chose Venje–Hrnjevac as the least advisable (last to be implemented) alternative. Conclusions from this research confirm findings from recently published research regarding the application of MCA on water management problems.
Effects of Different Land Uses (Abandoned Farmland, Intensive Agriculture and Forest) on Soil Hydrological Properties in Southern Spain
Authors: Lucas-Borja Manuel Esteban , Zema Demetrio Antonio , Plaza-Álvarez Pedro Antonio , Zupanc Vesna , Baartman Jantiene , Sagra Javier , González-Romero Javier , Moya Daniel , de las Heras Jorge
Published: March 2019

A detailed knowledge of soil water repellency (SWR) and water infiltration capacity of soils under different land uses is of fundamental importance in Mediterranean areas, since these areas are prone to soil degradation risks (e.g., erosion, runoff of polluting compounds) as a response to different hydrological processes. The present study evaluates the effects of land uses on SWR and soil hydraulic conductivity (SHC) by direct measurements at the plot scale in three areas representing (1) intensive agricultural use, (2) abandoned farmland, and (3) a forest ecosystem in Southern Spain under Mediterranean climatic conditions. The physico-chemical properties and water content of the experimental soils were also measured. Significant SWR and SHC differences were found among the analyzed land uses. Forest soils showed high SWR and low SHC, while the reverse effects (that is, low SWR and high SHC) were detected in soils subjected to intensive agriculture. Organic matter and bulk density were important soil properties influencing SWR and SHC. The study, demonstrating how land uses can have important effects on the hydrological characteristics of soils, give land managers insights into the choice of the most suitable land use planning strategies in view of facing the high runoff and erosion rates typical of the Mediterranean areas.
The Link between Ecosystem Services and Human Wellbeing in the Implementation of the European Water Framework Directive: Assessing Four River Basins in Europe
Authors: Akinsete Ebun , Apostolaki Stella , Chatzistamoulou Nikos , Koundouri Phoebe , Tsani Stella
Published: March 2019

This paper explores the relationship between the environment and human wellbeing whilst considering water resource pressures in the context of ecosystem services, before assessing the management actions to facilitate human wellbeing under the European Union’s Water Framework Directive (WFD). By focusing on four river basins in four European countries currently working to implement the WFD, we explore the effects of multiple pressures faced within each one on human wellbeing. Under an Ecosystem Services framework, we identify those effects and consolidate them into Human Wellbeing Factors to assess the management actions. Then, by conducting a qualitative content analysis, we assess the effectiveness of each Program of Measures at river basin level and relate them to Human Wellbeing Factors. Findings indicate that factors such as population growth trends intensify the effects of these pressures on human wellbeing. Finally, the paper pinpoints that human wellbeing must remain an ever-present consideration to be weighed against any other competing policy objectives.
Storm Energy Flux Characterization along the Mediterranean Coast of Andalusia (Spain)
Authors: Molina Rosa , Manno Giorgio , Lo Re Carlo , Anfuso Giorgio , Ciraolo Giuseppe
Published: March 2019

This paper investigates wave climate and storm characteristics along the Mediterranean coast of Andalusia, for the period 1979–2014, by means of the analysis of wave data on four prediction points obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Normally, to characterize storms, researchers use the so-called “power index”. In this paper, a different approach was adopted based on the assessment of the wave energy flux of each storm, using a robust definition of sea storm. During the investigated period, a total of 2961 storm events were recorded. They were classified by means of their associated energy flux into five classes, from low- (Class I) to high-energetic (Class V). Each point showed a different behavior in terms of energy, number, and duration of storms. Nine stormy years, i.e., years with a high cumulative energy, were recorded in 1980, 1983, 1990, 1992, 1995, 2001, 2008, 2010, and 2013.
Parental and clinician agreement of illness severity in children with RTIs: secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort study
Authors: van der Werf Esther T , Redmond Niamh M , Turnbull Sophie , Thornton Hannah , Thompson Matthew , Little Paul , Peters Tim J , Blair Peter S , Hay Alastair D
Published: March 2019

Background

Severity assessments of respiratory tract infection (RTI) in children are known to differ between parents and clinicians, but determinants of perceived severity are unknown.

Aim

To investigate the (dis)agreement between, and compare the determinants of, parent and clinician severity scores.

Design and setting

Secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort study of 8394 children presenting to primary care with acute (≤28 days) cough and RTI.

Method

Data on sociodemographic factors, parent-reported symptoms, clinician-reported findings, and severity assessments were used. Kappa (κ)-statistics were used to investigate (dis) agreement, whereas multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with illness severity.

Results

Parents reported higher illness severity (mean 5.2 [standard deviation (SD) 1.8], median 5 [interquartile range (IQR) 4–7]), than clinicians (mean 3.1 [SD 1.7], median 3 [IQR 2–4], P<0.0001). There was low positive correlation between these scores (+0.43) and poor inter-rater agreement between parents and clinicians (κ 0.049). The number of clinical signs was highly correlated with clinician scores (+0.71). Parent-reported symptoms (in the previous 24 hours) that were independently associated with higher illness severity scores, in order of importance, were: severe fever, severe cough, rapid breathing, severe reduced eating, moderate-to-severe reduced fluid intake, severe disturbed sleep, and change in cry. Three of these symptoms (severe fever, rapid breathing, and change in cry) along with inter/subcostal recession, crackles/crepitations, nasal flaring, wheeze, and drowsiness/irritability were associated with higher clinician scores.

Conclusion

Clinicians and parents use different factors and make different judgements about the severity of children’s RTI. Improved understanding of the factors that concern parents could improve parent–clinician communication and consultation outcomes.
Symptom management for medically unexplained symptoms in primary care: a qualitative study
Authors: Gol Janna , Terpstra Tom , Lucassen Peter , Houwen Juul , van Dulmen Sandra , Olde Hartman Tim C , Rosmalen Judith
Published: March 2019

Background

GPs have a central position in the care of patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS), but GPs find their care challenging. Currently, little is known about symptom management by GPs in daily practice for patients with MUS.

Aim

This study aimed to describe management strategies used by GPs when confronted with patients with MUS in daily practice.

Design and setting

Qualitative study in which videos and transcripts of 39 general practice consultations involving patients with MUS in the region of Nijmegen in the Netherlands in 2015 were analysed.

Method

A thematic analysis of management strategies for MUS used by GPs in real-life consultations was performed.

Results

The study revealed 105 management strategies in 39 consultations. Nearly half concerned symptom management; the remainder included medication, referrals, additional tests, follow-up consultations, and watchful waiting. Six themes of symptom management strategies emerged from the data: cognitions and emotions, interaction with health professionals, body focus, symptom knowledge, activity level, and external conditions. Advice on symptom management was often non-specific in terms of content, and ambiguous in terms of communication.

Conclusion

Symptom management is a considerable part of the care of MUS in general practice. GPs might benefit from support in how to promote symptom management to patients with MUS in specific and unambiguous terms.
Missed opportunities for diagnosing brain tumours in primary care: a qualitative study of patient experiences
Authors: Walter Fiona M , Penfold Clarissa , Joannides Alexis , Saji Smiji , Johnson Margaret , Watts Colin , Brodbelt Andrew , Jenkinson Michael D , Price Stephen J , Hamilton Willie , Scott Suzanne E
Published: March 2019

Background

Brain tumours are uncommon, and have extremely poor outcomes. Patients and GPs may find it difficult to recognise early symptoms because they are often non-specific and more likely due to other conditions.

Aim

To explore patients’ experiences of symptom appraisal, help seeking, and routes to diagnosis.

Design and setting

Qualitative study set in the East and North West of England.

Method

In-depth interviews with adult patients recently diagnosed with a primary brain tumour and their family members were analysed thematically, using the Model of Pathways to Treatment as a conceptual framework.

Results

Interviews were carried out with 39 patients. Few participants (n = 7; 18%) presented as an emergency without having had a previous GP consultation; most had had one (n = 15; 38%), two (n = 9; 23%), or more (n = 8; 21%) GP consultations. Participants experienced multiple subtle ‘changes’ rather than ‘symptoms’, often noticed by others rather than the patient, which frequently led to loss of interest or less ability to engage with daily living activities. The most common changes were in cognition (speaking, writing, comprehension, memory, concentration, and multitasking), sleep, and other ‘head feelings’ such as dizziness. Not all patients experienced a seizure, and few seizures were experienced ‘out of the blue’. Quality of communication in GP consultations played a key role in patients’ subsequent symptom appraisal and the timing of their decision to re-consult.

Conclusion

Multiple subtle changes and frequent GP visits often precede brain tumour diagnosis, giving possible diagnostic opportunities for GPs. Refined community symptom awareness and GP guidance could enable more direct pathways to diagnosis, and potentially improve patient experiences and outcomes.
The Influence of Social Media Communication on Consumer's Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions Concerning Brand-Sponsored Events
Authors: Schivinski Bruno , Langaro Daniela , Shaw Christina
Published: March 2019

Social media communication was suggested to influence consumers on their decision process of participating in events. Despite the relevance of evaluating this proposition, the effects of social media brand-related communications on event attendance were not yet validated. To address
this literature gap, it was evaluated whether firm-created and user-generated social media brand-related content influenced consumers' attitudes and, consequently, their intentions to participate in brand-sponsored events. Additionally, the mediating role of consumers' attitudes towards the
brand and the event was examined. An online survey (n = 307) was implemented and results were analyzed with structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings contribute to managers and scholars in the field of events marketing in general and brand-sponsored events in specific, by means
of proposing and validating a model that confirms (1) the effects of firm-created social media (SM) brand-related content on brand attitude, (2) the influence of user-generated SM brand-related content on both brand and event attitudes, (3) the impact of brand attitude on event attitude, (4)
the influence of event attitude on the consumers' intentions to participate; and (5) identifies different arrays revealing how consumers' attitudes towards the brand and the event mediate the relationship between SM communications on consumers' behavioral intentions, while distinguishing the
type of SM brand-related content source.
An Event Quality Scale for Participatory Running Events
Authors: Armbrecht John
Published: March 2019

This study focuses on the perceived quality of participatory event experiences by addressing the following question: What are the important aspects of the event experience? The aim of this research is to develop and refine a scale to measure the quality of the event experience for runners
at a participatory event. The objective is to combine, apply, test, and refine the existing scales to increase our understanding of the perceived quality of events among amateur running athletes. Both affective and cognitive dimensions are included in the scale. Based on seven dimensions and
36 items, a formal scale development process is adopted. The data consist of 1,923 observations collected during a participatory event with approximately 60,000 registered participants. The seven-factor model, including immersion, surprise, participation, fun, social aspects, hedonic aspects,
and service quality, was gradually revised in favor of a four-factor solution: service quality, hedonic aspects, fun, and immersion. As a result, 73.1% of the variance is extracted. This study contributes to a refined scale measuring the perceived event quality of participatory events. Service
quality accounts for more than half of the variance extracted. Researchers should continue to develop research on the critical experiential dimensions in an event context. Furthermore, the links between the constructs need attention. The results suggest that event organizers should evaluate
their events and event portfolios based on the scale and take actions to increase the perceived quality of these events.
Performance of Gram Stains and 3 Culture Methods in the Analysis of Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid
Authors: Buchanan Ruaridh , Fan Stanley , NicFhogartaigh Caoimhe
Published: March 2019

Microbiological diagnosis of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis includes PD fluid cell count, Gram stain, and culture, as recommended by the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis. In this retrospective study, we examined the utility of Gram stains and compared 3 culture methods.

We examined a laboratory cohort (samples sent to the laboratory for any reason; n = 251) and a clinical cohort (samples sent from patients felt clinically to have peritonitis; n = 264). Culture positivity rates were higher in the clinical cohort (39.4%) than the laboratory cohort (21.5%), with no difference in the distribution of organisms between the cohorts; cell counts were significantly higher in culture-positive samples in both cohorts.

Rates of positivity in the laboratory and clinical cohorts, respectively, were as follows: Gram stains 1.9% and 7.7%; direct plate culture 13% and 30.8% and “bedside” inoculated blood culture bottles 82.1% and 92.8%. Enrichment culture was never negative when another method was positive.

Our data indicate that enrichment culture can be used as a single culture methodology for analyzing PD fluid without loss of sensitivity. They also suggest that Gram stains are of relatively low yield; consideration could be given to ceasing their routine performance provided that broad antimicrobial therapy is administered pending culture results.
Extended Experience in the Use of Antibiotic Lock for Eradication of Biofilm Bacteria on Tenckhoff Catheter
Authors: Wong Steve S. , Lau Wai-Yan , Chan Ping-Kwan , Wan Ching-Kit , Cheng Yuk-Lun
Published: March 2019

Whilst antibiotic lock is effective to eradicate biofilm bacteria on hemodialysis catheters, this adjunctive method has scarcely been tested in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. After our previous successful experience of its use to salvage two Tenckhoff catheters, we encountered another patient with problematic biofilm-associated PD peritonitis who strongly refused catheter removal. As a result, antibiotic lock was given once daily, initially, with continuation of the usual PD schedule. However, relapsing peritonitis could not be prevented until we administered antibiotic lock without dialysate in the abdomen, which led to successful eradication of biofilm bacteria. To investigate the significance of having “dry abdomen” during antibiotic lock treatment, we injected an equivalent amount of contrast into the Tenckhoff catheter under fluoroscopy. We observed that the catheter lock solution could be retained over a long period of time only with “dry abdomen,” whereas rapid dissipation of the lock solution occurred in the presence of dialysate. We concluded that whilst antibiotic lock in a once-daily regimen can be highly effective against biofilm bacteria on a Tenckhoff catheter, it is essential to withhold PD exchanges during the dwell of antibiotic lock to prevent it from dissolving into the surrounding dialysate.
ACCUMULATION OF PROGRESSING DEFORMATIONS OF THE THREADED JOINTS M16 UNDER LOW CYCLIC BENDING/PROGRESUOJANTIS DEFORMACIJŲ KAUPIMASIS MAŽACIKLIO LENKIMO VEIKIAMOSE SRIEGINĖSE JUNGTYSE M16
Authors: Leonavičius Mindaugas , Krenevičius Algimantas , Šukšta Marijonas
Published: March 2019

In some threaded joints, over a period of operation the conditions of compression are created, most likely owing to the prestress and bending caused by external loads. For elements in the cross-section in which the stresses are distributed unevenly, some standards approve using the exceeding of nominal values of yield limit short-cyclic longevity. The greater part of experiments is carried out under the influence of axial cyclic load on a joint, and the smaller part of experiments is carried out under the action of stretching and bending. The presented data show the fatigue proccess within the elements the working conditions of which depend on the influence of other elements.

Results of the laboratory failure tests of the threaded joints produced from steel 25XIMΦ are used as a basis for investigation into of the stud-bolt M16. A static and kinematic theorem is used for the analysis of stress state of stud-bolt the initiation; propagation of fatigue cracks in the threaded joints is taken into account.

The increase of prestress and variable repeated loading of stud-bolt lead to the plastic deformation of certain zones of bolts. Due to such non-elastic deformation dangerous states may occur leading to deterioration of bolts.

In terms of the theory of shakedown, the analysis of experimentally tested threaded joints has been carried out in order to evaluate their stability in the process of cyclic load and also to evaluate a boundary state, where plastic deformations can be accumulated. The theory of static and kinematic shakedown provides the possibility to determine boundary states, ie the flowing of variable sign and accumulation of one-sided deformation. The conditions of shakedown are changed by the development of cracks. By means of obtained analytical expressions one can evaluate the conditions of changing variable flow and propagating form of crack at any depth from its appearance to its critical size.

According to the produced conditions of shakedown with one-sided and two-sided crack (the relation of crack depth to cross-section radius is 0; 0.1; 0.2) the state of threaded joints is present on the diagram. Using the radius slope of similar cycles, one can calculate the safety factor of shakedown. A summarized and produced by testing safety factor is of value from 1.02 to 1.8.

The investigation of threaded joints loosening mechanisms show that this process depends on the prestress, cyclic loading, crack propagations and accumulation of increasing deformations. The threaded joints adapt to circumstances.
THE CHOICE OF BUILDING CONTRACT PARAMETERS BY COMPETITION/STATYBOS KONTRAKTŲ PARAMETRŲ PARINKIMAS KONKURSUI
Authors: Ginevičius Romualdas , Čirba Stasys
Published: March 2019

When implementing any project (not only in building construction), we face a perpetual problem of how to combine three essential and contradictory conditions: price, duration and quality. It is the so-called problem of golden triangle.

In competitions with many participants, the winner is the contractor who makes considerable concession to the client. However, when such concessions are extremely large, the competition can be won, but the probability of contract implementation failure may greatly increase. On the other hand, in case of a higher price and duration one may yield to other competitors. Therefore the participants of a competition always encounter the problem to offer such values of the above-mentioned parameters which provide the greatest probability of winning the competion under the most favourable conditions for the contractor.

In order to solve the problem, it is necessary to know the interrelations of contract parameters discussed. The analysis of data presented in some References provided the possibility to determine the dependency of the contract price on the implementation time. The investigations show that the dependency of quality is analogous with the price dependency.

Having established the summary dependency of the price and quality on time, it is possible to find the change in time of contract profit amount. The analysis showed that this dependency is contrary to the above-mentioned summary dependency.

By depicting in a profit way these interdependencies, it is possible to look for such values of essential contract parameters (price, duration and quality) which can ensure winning the competion and the profit planned.
ESTIMATION OF ALTERNATIVE WALL INSULATING SOLUTIONS USING THE METHOD OF TECHNOLOGICAL NETWORK MODEL “CUTTING OUT” JUNCTIONS/SIENŲ ŠILTINIMO ALTERNATYVIŲ SPRENDIMŲ ĮVERTINIMAS, TAIKANT TECHNOLOGINIO TINKLINIO MODELIO MAZGŲ “IŠPJOVIMO” METODĄ
Authors: Janušaitis Rytis
Published: March 2019

The article investigates the problem of the dwelling house wall insulation of many-variant decisions estimation. At present multi-criteria evaluation methods are used. They provide the formal algorithm of the final effective selection of solution.

However, during the optimisation of the decisions it is expedient to analyse the efficiency of intermediate decisions and those influencing the final findings.

With that end in view the author suggests the multi- criteria problem of the evaluations of the variant decision using the method or technological network model of “cutting out” junctions.

The main points of this method are:

To cut out a comparable variant junction. Comparable variant junction is such a junction that contains at least two technological process variants.

To determine comparable partial processes to the junction.

To carry out a multi-criteria evaluation.

To eliminate non-rational variants from further calculations.

To pick out the most effective decision for the junction.

From such decisions the complex process variants of wall insulation are made and multi-criteria evaluation is repeated.

This method increases the abilities to raise the number of the partial alternative decisions for establishing the effectiveness ot the intermediate decisions, to receive and verify quickly final results of the decision evaluation and to decrease the amount of the calculations. “Cutting out” junction method can be used for estimating the decisions of building thermal renovation at the designing stage.
POWER LOAD ADJUSTMENT OF ELECTRIC HEATERS IN VENTILATING EQUIPMENT/VĖDINIMO ĮRENGINIŲ ELEKTRINIŲ ŠILDYTUVŲ GALIOS REGULIAVIMAS
Authors: Gilius Algirdas , Brazdeikis Liudas
Published: March 2019

Šilumą taupančiuose vėdinimo įrenginiuose į patalpas pučiamą orą pašildo per šilumos rekuperatorius iš patalpų ištraukiamas oras. Dažniausiai šio pašildymo nepakanka, todėl papildomai įrengiami vandens arba elektros šildytuvai, kurių galia reguliuojama automatiškai.

Tyrimų tikslas—nustatyti vedinimo įrenginių elektrinių šildytuvų galios tiristorinių impulsinių reguliatorių optimalius rodiklius, įvertinti impulsinio reguliatoriaus įtaką šildytuvui ir elektros tinklui, suformuluoti pagrindinius reikalavimus laiptuotiesiems šildytuvams ir laiptuotiesiems reguliatoriams projektuoti.

Vėdinimo įrenginių nedidelės galios (maždaug iki 15 kW) elektrinių šildytuvų galiai reguliuoti taikytini impulsiniai kintamo reguliavimo periodo ir kintamo laidumo intervalo reguliatoriai, kurių minimali reguliavimo periodo trukmė—10–15 s. Tokių reguliatorių sukuriami šildymo elementų paviršiaus temperatūros svyravimai dažniausiai neviršija 10 °C, pučiamo oro temperatūros svyravimai neviršija 0,5 °C, o sukuriami elektros tinklo įtampos svyravimai neviršija leistinų, jei elektros tinklo projektinė skaičiuojamoji galia ne mažiau kaip du kartus didesnė už impulsion reguliatoriaus valdomą galią.

Didesnes galios elektriniams šildytuvams valdyti taikytini 15 arba 7 laiptų reguliatoriai arba kombinuotieji laiptuotieji tolygūs reguliatoriai.

Straipsnyje pateikiamos matematines lygtys, pagal kurias galima apskaičiuoti impulsinių reguliatorių sukuriamus didžiausius ribinius šildymo elementų ir pučiamo oro temperatūrų svyravimus, impulsinių reguliatorių sukuriamus elektros tinklo įtampos svyravimus bei laiptuotųjų reguliatorių sukuriamus pučiamo oro komutacinius svyravimus. Aptariamam matematiniam modeliui patikrinti pateikiami temperatūrų matavimo rezultatai realiame vėdinimo įrenginyje.
SUBSTANTIATION OF NEW STANDARD METHODS FOR DEFINITION OF OPERATIONAL FROST RESISTANCE OF FACING PROTECTIONS AND CONCRETE/ATITVARŲ APDAILOS IR BETONO EKSPLOATACINIO ATSPARUMO ŠALČIUI NUSTATYMO NAUJŲ STANDARTINIŲ METODŲ PAGRINDIMAS
Authors: Mačiulaitis Romualdas , Žemaitytė Džigita
Published: March 2019

Darbe pateikiamas analizinis ir eksperimentinis naujų standartinių metodų, kuriais nustatomas konstrukcinių kompozitų ir betonų atsparumas šalčiui vienpusio šaldymo būdu, pagrindimas. Remiantis ilgamečių tyrimų rezultatais stebėta ir tirta statinių ir atitvarų būklė ir jos kitimas eksploatacijos sǎjygomis, taip pat ir panašių medžiagų bei konstrukcijų irimo procesai modeliuojant eksploatavimo sǎlygas laboratorijoje. Bandinių ar gaminių atsparumas šalčiui buvo tiriamas klasikiniu tūrinio šaldymo ir mūsų pasiūlytu vienpusio šaldymo būdu specialiu režimu. Tyrimų rezultatai buvo apdorojami matematikos statistiniais metodais. Nustatyta, kad eksploatacinio atsparumo šalčiui markę lemia ir konkreti bazinė metodika, ir gaminių kokybė įvairų savybių požiūriu ir kad apdailos medžiagos irsta panašiai kaip fasadinė keramika. Manyta, kad mūsų gauti rezultatai netinka betonui. Abejonėms išsklaidyti buvo atliktos dvi serijos tyrimų su įvairių rūšių betono bandiniais. Nustatyta, jog ir mūsų sukurtu vienpusio šaldymo, ir klasikiniu tūrinio šaldymo būdu gauti rezultatai pasižymi didele sklaida. Tai pagrindžia būtinumą mūsų metodą taikyti minėtoms medžiagoms ir gaminiams. Iki šiol Lietuvoje galiojančiose statybos normose ir taisyklėse sienų konstrukcinių medžiagų ir gaminių, ilgalaikiškumo ir atsparumo šalčiui markės sąryšis neatitinka tikrovės. Ši problema standartuose sprendžiama atitinkamų medžiagų bei gaminių eksploatacijos sąlygų arba ilgalaikiškumo bei eksploatacinio atsparumo šalčiui markių nauju sąryšiu ir klasifikacija.
ANALYSIS OF PARAMETERS AFFECTING TENSION STIFFENING IN REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS/FAKTORIŲ, VEIKIANČIŲ SUPLEIŠĖJUSIO TEMPIAMO BETONO DARBĄ GELŽBETONINĖSE SUOSE, ANALIZĖ
Authors: Kaklauskas Gintaris , Šimkus Regimantas
Published: March 2019

Ankstesniame straipsnyje [7] buvo rašyta, kad taikant pirmojo autoriaus sukurtą metodą [1–6] keturiolikai eksperimentinių gelžbetoninių sijų [8] buvo nustatytos tempiamo betono vidutinių įtempių-deformacijų kreivės. Sijos turėjo skirtingą skerspjōvio aukštį, armavimo koeficientą ir armatūros strypų skersmenį (1 lent.). Jos buvo suskirstytos į dvi grupes (serijas): pirmosios serijos (No 1–4) sijos turėjo skirtingą aukštį, skirtingą armatūros strypų skersmenį ir skerspjūvio plotą. Antrojoje serijoje (No 3, 5, 6 ir 7) armatūros strypų skerspjūvio plotas ir skersmuo buvo vienodi, tačiau kito sijų skerspjūvio aukštis. Raidė R bandinio numeryje (1 lent.) rodo, jog buvo išbandyta identiška sija. Tempiamo betono vidutinių įtempių-deformacijų diagramos pirmosios ir antrosios serijų sijoms pateiktos atitinkamai 1 ir 2 pav. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojamos gautosios diagramos vertinant svarbiausių faktorių įtaką.

Svarbiausias įtempių-deformacijų kreivių, gautų pirmosios serijos sijoms, bruožas yra tas, kad sijų 3(R) ir 4(R), turinčių mažą armavimo koeficientą ir strypų skersmenį, kreivės turi žymiai ilgesnę krintančią teigiamų įtempių dalį nei sijų 1(R) ir 2(R) kreivės. Tai galima paaiškinti tuo, kad, mažinant strypų skersmenį, santykiškai (paliekant tą patį skerspjūvio plotą) padidėja jų paviršiaus plotas, o kartu pagerėja armatūros tempiamo betono sukibimas. Tai ir sąlygoja efektyvesnį tempiamo betono tarp plyšių darbą. Reikia paminėti, kad šiuo atveju sunku atskirai vertinti minimų faktorių (armavimo koeficiento ir strypų skersmens) įtaką, nes visos sijos turėjo po tris tempiamos armatūros strypus, t.y., didėjant strypų skersmeniui, didėjo ir skerspjūvio plotas. Be to, reiškinį komplikuoja betono susitraukimą sukeliančios deformacijos, kurios didėja, didėjant armavimo koeficientui.

Kitas ryškus įtempių-deformacijų kreivių bruožas yra tas, kad kai kurioms sijoms (ypač turinčioms didesnį armavimo koeficientą) nustatytos kreivės turi neigiamus įtempius. Tai gali atsitikti dėl trijų priežasčių, kurios nurodomos straipsnyje. Apskaičiavimais buvo parodyta, kad, atmetus neigiamą įtempių-deformacijų kreivės dalį, apskaičiuota momentų-kreivių diagrama nežymiai skiriasi nuo eksperimentinės diagramos (3 pav.).

Lyginant įtempių-deformacijų kreives, gautas antrosios serijos sijoms (2 pav.), galima padaryti išvadą, kad tempiamo betono darbas tarp plyšių tampa efektyvesnis, mažėjant ne tik armavimo koeficientui, bet ir skerspjūvio aukščiui. Pastarojo faktoriaus įtaką galima paaiškinti tuo, kad mažesnio skerspjūvio sijų tempiamo betono sluoksniai vidutiniškai yra arčiau armatūros nei didelio skerspjūvio, todėl, esant toms pačioms deformacijoms, jie turi didesnius įtempius.

Straipsnyje aptariama betono susitraukimo įtaka konstrukcijų įtempiams ir deformacijoms.
Timing Properties of Shocked Accretion Flows around Neutron Stars in the Presence of Cooling
Authors: Bhattacharjee Ayan , Chakrabarti Sandip K.
Published: March 2019

We carry out the first robust numerical simulation of accretion flows on a weakly magnetized neutron star using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). We follow the two-component advective flow (TCAF) paradigm for black holes and focus only on the advective component for the case of a neutron star. This low-viscosity sub-Keplerian flow will create a Normal Boundary Layer (NBOL) right on the star surface in addition to the CENtrifugal pressure supported BOundary Layer (CENBOL) present in a black hole accretion. These density jumps could give rise to standing or oscillating shock fronts. During a hard spectral state, the incoming flow has a negligible viscosity, causing a larger sub-Keplerian component as compared to the Keplerian disk component. We show that our simulation of flows with cooling and a negligible viscosity produces precisely two shocks and strong supersonic winds from these boundary layers. We find that the specific angular momentum of matter dictates the locations and the nature of oscillations of these shocks. For flows with low angular momentum, the radial oscillation appears to be preferred. For flows with higher angular momentum, the vertical oscillation appears to become dominant. In all cases, asymmetries with respect to the Z = 0 plane are seen, and instabilities set in due to the interaction of the inflow and outgoing strong winds. Our results capture both the low- and high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations without invoking magnetic fields or any precession mechanism. Most importantly, these solutions directly corroborate observed features of wind-dominated high-mass X-ray binaries, such as Cir X-1.
Co-orbital Asteroids as the Source of Venus's Zodiacal Dust Ring
Authors: Pokorný Petr , Kuchner Marc
Published: March 2019

Photometry from the Helios and STEREO spacecraft revealed regions of enhanced sky surface-brightness suggesting a narrow circumsolar ring of dust associated with Venus’s orbit. We model this phenomenon by integrating the orbits of 10,000,000+ dust particles subject to gravitational and non-gravitational forces, considering several different kinds of plausible dust sources. We find that only particles from a hypothetical population of Venus co-orbital asteroids can produce enough signal in a narrow ring to match the observations. Previous works had suggested such objects would be dynamically unstable. However, we re-examined the stability of asteroids in 1:1 resonance with Venus and found that ∼8% should survive for the age of the solar system, enough to supply the observed ring.
Fragments d’un discours critique. La question de l’autorité dans les ana
Authors: Abiven Karine
Published: March 2019

Les ana, en plein essor à la fin du XVII e siècle, sont ces recueils en forme de mémorial qui consignent la parole de figures majeures de la littérature – au sens d’érudition critique et, peu à peu, de création littéraire. Dépôt de propos savants et plaisants à la fois, ils sont aussi le lieu d’une construction de la figure du critique. Mais ces auteurs n’ont guère d’autorité, au sens de responsabilité intellectuelle, sur des recueils qui sont en fait réalisés par des tiers (rédacteurs et éditeurs) : quelles sont les conséquences de cette paradoxale autorité sur la figuration du critique ?
Du goût, bon et surtout mauvais, pour apprécier l’œuvre littéraire
Authors: Barbafieri Carine
Published: March 2019

La réception de l’œuvre littéraire au XVII e siècle n’est pas pure affaire de règles mais apparaît aussi, et ce dès les années 1630, comme une mise en œuvre du goût. Pratiquer le « mauvais goût » (l’expression se trouve déjà à l’époque) au second degré, c’est, pour les aristocrates et les mondains, s’amuser en particulier à moquer les pédants, soit, en matière de critique littéraire, fonder le jugement sur le plaisir et le rire éprouvés. La parodie, pratiquée au XVII e siècle, largement consacrée et théorisée dans les premières décennies du XVIII e  siècle, permet d’envisager une nouvelle forme de critique, où la poésie est jugée par le biais de son miroir déformant qui en montre les défauts et les manques. Le rire de la parodie, aux yeux de ses partisans, n’est pas moins pertinent pour juger la littérature que l’arsenal poétique et rhétorique hérité d’Aristote.
Guez de Balzac critique
Authors: Beugnot Bernard , Zuber Roger
Published: March 2019

À l’ombre de l’humanisme, la naissance d’une critique mondaine Passeur de l’humanisme dans la mondanité naissante, Balzac a beaucoup lu les anciens et les modernes, tout en se regardant écrire. Articulée entre doctrine, jugement et humeur chagrine, prenant la forme souple de la lettre, de la dissertation ou de l’entretien, sa pratique critique délaisse peu à peu les foucades et la combativité de la jeunesse au profit d’une aménité du regard, synthèse entre un scepticisme lucide et une esthétique de l’« innocente raillerie », que définissent les termes d’ urbanité , mot latin qu’il acclimate en français, et d’ atticisme , privilège accordé à l’éloquence du monde sur celle de l’école. Plus tourné vers le comment de l’écriture que vers le pourquoi, sa critique affirme la précellence du style moyen qui deviendra le registre fondateur et favori du classicisme. Balzac, Malherbe et la théorie de l’imitation La lettre latine à Silhon, qui pose Malherbe en réformateur absolu, exprime une théorie de l’imitation fondatrice de l’art d’écrire de Balzac et de sa pratique critique. Elle s’interroge sur l’art malherbien de combiner la prose à la poésie, où Ronsard échoua ; elle promeut un cicéronianisme incarné par Bentivoglio et opposé à l’affectation d’un Maffei ; elle prône, dès la querelle des Premières lettres avec le P. Goulu, la « louable imitation », héritière d’Érasme, supposant discernement et émulation (« Comparaison de Ronsard et de Malherbe»). Le Discours 16 des Œuvres diverses de 1644 confirme l’idéal de clarté et de purisme puisé auprès des jésuites et fonde la perfection littéraire sur le commerce des hommes et l’idéal mondain, sous l’influence de Nicolas Bourbon.
Nicolas Boileau critique, un cas historiographique
Authors: Reguig Delphine
Published: March 2019

Le rôle de « critique » que Boileau a tenu dans notre histoire littéraire est une construction du discours historiographique inséparable des déformations auxquelles a donné lieu l’uniformisation du courant dit « classique ». L’activité critique de Boileau n’est pas une activité de calme doctrinaire mais une activité d’émergence poétique et de surgissement polémique perçue à la fois comme contingente et dogmatique. L’examen des notions mobilisées par Boileau permet pourtant de reconstruire une critique affective fondée sur le principe du goût, organisée par le centre de gravité du sublime et tendue vers la reconnaissance empirique d’un absolu littéraire. Envisagée de ce dernier point de vue, l’activité critique de Boileau ne se conçoit plus dans la rupture avec son activité poétique.
De l’idéal du critique au discernement du lecteur. Le traité préliminaire aux Jugements des savants d’Adrien Baillet (1685)
Authors: Mortgat-Longuet Emmanuelle
Published: March 2019

Quels sont les ressorts intellectuels profonds qui déterminent l’entreprise des Jugements des savants  ? Dans un paysage des savoirs bouleversé, Baillet prend acte du discrédit jeté sur les évolutions de la « critique » humaniste et sur les « censeurs ». Il n’entend pas pour autant laisser voie libre aux faibles ouvrages qui se multiplient, ni aux jugements de goût des mondains. Pour fonder une légitime discipline d’évaluation des ouvrages, il s’appuie sur les concepts d’inspiration cartésienne de Port-Royal et de Malebranche : seul l’exercice d’un jugement, secondé par un vaste savoir et complété par des qualités éthiques, peut faire du critique un guide. Faute de cet idéal, il reste à éveiller l’esprit du lecteur contre censeurs illégitimes et « préjugés » (rôle du Traité ) et à compenser la subjectivité des juges par la collation organisée de leurs « sentiments » (rôle des Jugements ). Ainsi s’ouvre un nouvel espace visant à former empiriquement le lecteur à la « critique » des critiques.
Le théâtre des langues : parole et imaginaire des parlers dans le théâtre et les entrées royales entre 1550 et 1650
Authors: Siouffi Gilles
Published: March 2019

Cet article examine les liens entre réalité sociolinguistique d’un côté, et imaginaire et représentations de l’autre, qui expliquent la présence des langues régionales, particulièrement de l’occitan, dans les « entrées royales » et au théâtre entre 1550 et 1650. La présence de ces langues dans des genres codifiés relevant de l’oralité révèle une bascule dans les représen-tations et peut être considérée comme un premier pas vers leur marginalisation. Nous verrons comment ces langues sont ainsi poussées à quitter leur statut de « langues » pour devenir de simples « paroles ».
La représentation des langues de France dans la comédie parisienne des années 1660-1670
Authors: Louvat-Molozay Bénédicte
Published: March 2019

Monsieur de Pourceaugnac appartient à deux séries de pièces : celles qui font la satire du provincial et celles qui mettent en scène les langues dites « régionales ». À quelques exceptions près, elles se réduisent essentiellement, dans le théâtre parisien des années 1660-1670, à deux langues : le dialecte d’Île-de-France et l’occitan. Destinées à être représentées à Paris et/ou à la cour, les comédies concernées promeuvent, contre la variété linguistique, le modèle d’une langue commune, qui ne peut être que le français.