bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Folk Karst Terminology from Apulia (Southern Italy)
Authors: Parise Mario , Federico Antonio , Delle Rose Marco , Sammarco Mariangela
Published: July 2019

Apulija v južni Italiji je eno izmed »klasičnih« kraških ozemelj italijanskega polotoka, saj je pretežno na močno zakraselih karbonatnih kamninah. Površinske oblike so predvsem kraškega nastanka in že dolgo časa predmet posebnih raziskav. Tri glavne podregije, na katere je običajno razdeljena Apulija (od severa proti jugu: polotok Gargano, planota Murge in polotok Salento), so bile v preteklosti podvržene kompleksnim in močno različnim družbenim in zgodovinskim dogajanjem. Zaradi tega so nastala v raznih delih Apulije, z jezikoslovnega gledišča zelo različna, narečja. Zaradi tega so izrazi, ki jih ljudje v Apuliji uporabljajo za označevanje kraških oblik, tako površinskih kot podzemeljskih, izredno različni. Te izraze so uporabljali nekdaj, a jih tudi še danes. V prispevku so predstavljeni nekateri teh izrazov, uporabljanih za označevanje najpomembnejših kraških oblik. Te izraze skuša avtor analizirati na podlagi geografske razprostranjenosti, etimologije z oziroma na krajevna narečja in oblike ter nastanka opisanih pojavov. Opozorjeno je tudi na današnje primere napačne rabe takih izrazov na krasu v Apuliji.Apulia region, in southern Italy, is one of the classical karst areas of the Italian peninsula, being underlain for most of its extension by intensely karstified carbonate rocks. The landscape presents essentially landforms of karstic origin, which have been the object of specific studies for a long time. The three main geographical sub-regions into which Apulia is generally divided (from north to south, the Gargano Promontory, the Murge plateau, and the Salento peninsula) have been characterized in the past centuries by complex and different social and historical events. These resulted in the development, from a linguistical point of view, of very distinct dialects in different parts of Apulia. The terms used to describe the karst landforms, both at the surface and underground, had subsequently been, and still are, extremely variable throughout the region. This paper illustrates some terms used in Apulia to designate and describe the main geomorphological manifestations of the karst landscape. An attempt is made to analyze the terms on the basis of: i) geographical distribution; ii) etymology, with reference to the local dialects; iii) morphological features and genesis of described landforms. Some cases of misuse of terms in the Apulian karst, even in recent times, are also pointed out.
Relation between Karst and Fluviokarst Relief on the Slunj Plateau (Croatia)
Authors: Bočić Neven
Published: July 2019

Slunjska uravnava je del kordunskega krasa. Ta se razteza v nad. viš. 300-350 m, od najdlje proti zahodu segajočega dela doline Une do sotočja Slunjčice in Korane. Dolga je 40 in povprečno 10 km široka. Večji del te uravnave, zgrajene iz jurskih in krednih karbonatnih kamnin, ima značilnosti kraškega reliefa s številnimi vrtačami. Na manjšem delu, ki ga gradijo paleozojski in terciarni klastični sedimenti in triasni dolomiti, je razvita površinska rečna mreža. Vodotoki, ki so na tej podlagi, na stiku s prepustnimi kamninami izginejo v podzemlje. Tekom geomorfološkega razvoja tega ozemlja se je površinsko odmakano površje zmanjševalo, sledovi tega pa so ostali v obliki slepih in suhih (fosilnih) dolin. Vodni tokovi so se s površja prestavili v podzemlje, kjer so izdolbli podzemeljske kanale, to je speleološke objekte. Delo analizira odnos med procesi, s pomočjo katerih so nastale (danes fosilne) doline in jamski rovi na treh primerih: 1. jamski sistem Matešićeva – Popovaćka jama, 2. Ponor pod Kremenom in Barićeve jame, 3. jamski sistem Varićakova – Panjkova jama.The Slunj plateau is part of the shallow Kordun karst. It extends from the westernmost part of river Una towards the northwest to the confluence of the Slunjčica and Korana, at an average height of 300 - 350 m ofabove sea level. It is 40 km long, and averages about 10 km wide. A larger part of the plateau of Jurassic and Cretaceous carbonate rocks has characteristics of e karst relief with numerous dolines. On the smaller part of the Paleozoic and Tertiary clastic sediments and Triassic dolomites, a surface fluvial network has been developed. The water streams emerging on that basis regularly disappear underground on contact with permeable rocks. During geomorphological evolution of this terrain the area which is being drained on the surface was reduced, and the traces were left in the form of blind and dry (fossil) valleys. The water streams moved from the surface to underground where they formed the underground channels, i. e. speleological objects. This work analyses the correlation between the formation processes of (today fossil) valleys and cave channels on three examples: 1) Cave system Matešićeva - Popovačka cave, 2) Ponor pod Kremenom cave and Barićeve cave, 3) Cave system Varićakova - Panjkova cave.
Human Impact on Karst Terrains, with Special Regard to Sylviculture in Hungary
Authors: Bárány-Kevei Ilona
Published: July 2019

V sestavku so predstavljene spremembe, nastale na madžarskem krasu kot posledica človekove dejavnosti, posebno izkoriščanja gozda. Delovanje geo-ekosistema na krasu je v veliki meri odvisno od odnosov podnebje – prst – rastje, kar vpliva na hitrost razvoja krasa. Večina krasa na Madžarskem je vključenega v gospodarjenje z gozdovi. Sajenje neustreznih gozdnih sestojev ima lahko kot posledico spreminjanje klime in prsti, kar vodi k spremembam intenzivnosti korozije. Prispevek obravnava spremembe gospodarjenja z gozdom v narodnem parku Aggtelek, ki je na seznamu svetovne naravne dediščine, in predlaga ustreznejšo rabo tal.This study represents the changes of Hungarian karst terrains due to human impacts paying special attention to sylviculture. The functioning of the karst geo-ecosystem is considerably determined by the climate-soilvegetation system, which will influence the dynamism of karst development. Most of the Hungarian karst terrains are the scene of sylviculture. The planting of non-adequate forest associations resulted the alteration of climate and soils, which resulted in a change of the intensity of karst corrosion. This paper focuses on the change of sylviculture in the Aggtelek National Park, a World Heritage site, and makes suggestions for optimal land use.
Propagation of a Floodwave in Karst during Artificially Generated Recession - Case Study of Banjica Spring (Bela Palanka, Eastern Serbia)
Authors: Zlokolica-Mandić Milena , Ćalić-Ljubojević Jelena
Published: July 2019

V sklopu hidrogeoloških raziskav severovzhodnega vznožja Suve planine v Vzhodni Srbiji, je bila v bližini toplega izvira napravljena 100 m globoka vrtina. Dotok v vrtino je bil arteški, kar je povzročilo umetno recesijo v izviru Banjici. Tekom tega hidrodinamičnega poizkusa je bilo v zaledju izvira veliko padavin, ki so povzročile poplavni val. Na terenu je mogoče jasno razločiti dva tipa krasa: ujeti in pokriti kras. Hidrogeološka reakcija na omenjeni poplavni val med umetno povzročeno recesijo dokazuje tudi obstoj globokega krasa. To je bilo mogoče odkriti s pomočjo primerjave hidrograma Banjice in krivulje pritiska v vrtini. Na ta način ni potrjen le obstoj krasa, ampak tudi njegove značilnosti (npr. velikost in tipi kraških prevodnikov, relativna starost, velikost in obseg vodonosnika, itd.).During hydrogeological research in the area of the north-eastern foothills of Mt. Suva Planina in Eastern Serbia, a borehole of 100 m of depth was drilled in the vicinity of a lukewarm spring, Banjica. The borehole had an artesian discharge, which caused artificially generated recession in the adjoining spring Banjica. During this hydrodynamical test, great quantities of precipitation occured in the hinterland of the spring, having the effect of a floodwave. The presence of two types of karst is obvious in the field – confined karst and covered karst. The hydrogeological response to the floodwave during artificially generated recession proved the presence of deep-seated karst also. This can be detected by comparative analysis of the hydrograph of the Banjica spring and the graph of pressures in the borehole. In this way, not only the presence, but also the characteristics of the karst can be proved (e.g. dimensions and types of karst conduits, relative age of karst, size and extension of the aquifer, etc.).
Geophysical Characteristics of Epikarst: Case Studies from Zagros Mts. (Iran) and the Koněprusy Region (Czech Republic)
Authors: Bosák Pavel , Beneš Vojtěch
Published: July 2019

Značilnosti epikraške cone so bile preučevane s pomočjo geofizičnih metod, posebej s pomočjo refrakcijske seizmike, kombinirane z električno upornostjo in gravimetrijskimi meritvami. Enake metode so bile uporabljane na obeh področjih, kar omogoča primerljive izsledke. Interpretirane seizmične meje sledijo bazno ploskev epikrasa in z geofizičnega stališča omejujejo epikraško cono, to je cono s primerljivimi nizkimi seizmičnimi hitrostmi (najbolj pogosto 1 000 do 3 000 m s-1). Na Češkem, na devonskem področju Konìprusy, je debelina epikraške cone 5 do 60 m. Epikras v gorovju Zagors pa dosega debelino 180 m (kredni apnenci). Razlike v značaju in debelini epikraške cone so v celoti odvisne od geološke zgradbe in geomorfoloških danosti (reliefa) ter od razvoja obeh področij, v čemer je vzrok različnih možnosti sproščanja nekdanjih pritiskov v apniških pogorjih.Characteristics of epikarst zone were studied by geophysical methods, especially refraction seismics, combined with electrical resistivity and gravimetry measurements. Applied methods were equal in both regions, so comparable results were obtained. The interpreted seismic boundaries follow the basal plane of epikarst (s.l.) and limit the epikarst zone from the geophysical point of view, i.e. zone with comparably low seismic velocities (mostly 1,000 to 3,000 m.s-1). The thickness of epikarst in the Czech Karst - the Konìprusy Devonian - is from 5 to about 60 m. The epikarst in Zagros Mts. reached up to 180 m (Cretaceous lmst.). The differences of character and vertical extent of epikarst zone depend on entirely different geological structure and geomorphological setting (relief) and evolution of both sites, which established different conditions for the release of residual stress in the limestone massifs.
The Troubles with Cupolas
Authors: Osborne R. Armstrong L.
Published: July 2019

Kupole so korozijske tvorbe v obliki kupol, znane tako s krasa v apnencih kot tudi v anhidritih. Medtem ko je bilo v literaturi precej razpravljanja o verjetnem nastanku in pomenu teh oblik, pa je zelo malo podrobnih opisov teh oblik ter definicij tega pojma. Zato je s kupolami precej težav: Kaj je kupola? Kje se kupole pojavljajo? Kakšne so kupole? Ali so kupole povezane z določenimi drugimi oblikami? Ali so kupole oblike v stropu ali oblike, ki jih je strop prerezal? Kako kupole nastajajo? Kako lahko rešimo ta vprašanja? V prispevku je veliko odgovorov na ta vprašanja, toda večji del terenskih raziskav in teoretičnega dela bo treba šele opraviti. Najpomembnejša so podrobna terenska opazovanja in merjenja kupol ter tistih oblik, ki so z njimi povezane. Tako bo mogoče rešiti vprašanje kupol in tako bo mogoče izvedeti še več o nenavadnih jamah, v katerih se kupole pojavljajo.Cupolas are dome-shaped solution cavities that occur in karst caves, and have been described in both limestone and gypsum karst. While there has been considerable discussion in the literature concerning the likely origin and significance of these features, there has been little in the way of detailed description of the features themselves and little attention has been given to the definition of the term. Consequently, there are a number of troubles with cupolas: - What is a cupola? Where do cupolas occur? What are cupolas like? Do cupolas occur with particular types of speleogens? Are cupolas features of ceilings or features intersected by ceilings? How do cupolas form? But how can these troubles be resolved? Tentative answers are given here to many of these questions but a great deal of basic field observation and theoretical work is required to solve them. The most important step would be more field observation and measurement of cupolas and of the particular suite of speleogens that occur with them. The troubles with cupolas can be solved and in the process we will come to understand a great deal more about the unusual caves in which they occur.
Forecasting Versus Predicting Solute Transport in Solution Conduits for Estimating Drinking-Water Risks
Authors: Field Malcom S.
Published: July 2019

Vnos polutantov v kras ima lahko hitre in uničujoče posledice za pitno vodo. Ker je nevarnost izlitja vedno navzoča, je prav, da upravniki vodnih virov predvidijo scenarije onesnaženja še preden se to v resnici zgodi. Različne scenarije vnosa polutantov v kras lahko predvidimo z uporabo že znanih podatkov in meritev v vodonosniku. Napoved širjenja polutantov je najbolj zanesljiva, če temelji na rezultatih številnih sledenj med različnimi vhodnimi in izhodnimi točkami. Na ta način lahko primerne tranportne parametre določimo z analizo krivulj koncentracij. S kombiniranjem različnih krivulj in uporabo ustrezne aproksimacijske metode, lahko razultate združimo v eno samo krivuljo koncentracij, ki jo uporabimo za predvidenje širjenja polutantov. Širjenje polutantov lahko napovemo tudi z uporabo osnovnih tranportnih parametrov, ki veljajo za kraške prevodnike in ustreznih transportnih enačb. Rezultat so krivulje koncentracij, ki jih tudi uporabimo za napoved posledic možnega vnosa polutantov v kras. Obe metodi smo preizkusili na namišljenem vnosu polutantov v kraški kanal in pri obeh dobili sprejemljive rezultate. Metoda, ki temelji na uporabi transportnih enačb, se je izkazala za boljšo pri oceni potovalnega časa in koncentracije, ki smo ji izpostavljeni. Poleg tega je pri tej metodi delež povrnjenega sledila večji.Contaminant releases in karstic terranes can cause rapid and devastating affects on drinking-water supplies. Because future contaminant releases are likely it is necessary that local water managers develop release scenarios so as to be prepared prior to an actual contaminant release occurring. Release scenarios may be forecasted using appropriate historical data or they may be predicted using selected measured parameters. Forecasting contaminant releases to drinking-water supplies in karstic terranes is best accomplished by conducting numerous tracer tests from each potential source location to each exposure point so that acceptable solute-transport parameters for each solution conduit may be estimated from analyses of the breakthrough curves. Compositing the numerous breakthrough curves and fitting a quintic spline allows development of a single representative breakthrough curve that may then be used to forecast the effects of a release. Predicting contaminant releases is accomplished by combining basic measured field parameters for selected solution conduits in functional relationships for application in solute-transport models. The resulting breakthrough curve and solute-transport parameters can be used to predict the effects of a release. The forecasting and prediction methodologies were tested using a hypothetical release into a solution conduit developed in a karstic aquifer. Both methods were shown to produce reasonably acceptable results. The prediction methodology produced better time-of-travel results and better mass recovery and exposure concentration results than did the forecasting methodology.
Constraints on the Geological History of the Karst System in Southern Missouri, U.S.A. Provided by Radiogenic, Cosmogenic and Physical/Chemical Characteristics of Doline Fill
Authors: Waery David J. , Harrison Richard W. , Wright Maria P. , Jacobson Robert B. , Javich Milan P. , Mahan Shannon A. , Wronkiewicz David J.
Published: July 2019

Območje Ozarkov v južnem Missouriju gradijo predvsem karbonatne, morske, platformne kamnine paleozojske starosti. Teren, ki vsebuje obširen kras, predstavlja kopno že od poznega Paleozojka. Da bi bolje razumeli geološko zgodovino tega kraškega sistema, smo raziskali stratigrafske podatke ohranjene v zapolnitvi velike vrtače pri največjem izviru v okolici. Vzorci zapolnitve iz naravnih izdankov in iz vrtine so bili analizirani s termoluminiscenco (TL) in 10Be kozmogeno metodo. Fizikalno-kemijske značilnosti zapolnitve so bile določene vizualno, z rentgensko metodo in merjenjem velikosti delcev. Podatki vrtine kažejo, da je debelina alohtonega materiala, ki zapolnjuje vrtačo 36,3 m. Ta material prekriva podorne bloke in sedimente debeline vsaj 15,6 m. Glede na teksturo, strukturo in barvo delimo material, ki zapolnjuje vrtačo na 7 con. Analize 10Be koncentracij kažejo, da material za celotni stolpec zapolnitve izvira iz rezidualnega materiala iz srednjega (Illinoian) in zgornjega Pleistocena (Wisconsian). Rentgenske analize glin kažejo, da zapolnitev vrtače vsebuje enake količine kaolinita in illita, kar je skladno z zemeljskim preperevanjem.The Ozark Plateaus region of southern Missouri is underlain by dominantly carbonate marine platform rocks of Paleozoic age. The region has been sub-aerially exposed since the late Paleozoic and is characterized by extensive karst. To better understand the geologic history of this regional karst system, we examined the stratigraphic record preserved in the fill of a large doline near the largest spring in the region. Samples of fill from natural exposures and drill core were analyzed using thermoluminescence (TL) and 10Be cosmogenic techniques, and the physical/chemical characteristics of the fill material were determined by visual inspection, X-ray analyses, and grain-size measurements. Drill-hole data indicate that the allochthonous doline fill is 36.3 m thick and rests on at least 15.6 m of cave breakdown and sediment. The doline fill is divisible into 7 zones. Analysis of 10Be concentrations suggest that the entire doline fill was derived from local residuum during the middle (Illinoian) to late Pleistocene (Wisconsinan). X-ray diffraction analyses of clays throughout the doline fill indicate that they consist of nearly equal amounts of kaolinite and illite, consistent with terrestrial weathering.
Faunal Dynamics in the Železna Jama Cave
Authors: Novak Tone , Stambol Jožica , Janežkovič Franc
Published: July 2019

V letih 2000-2001 smo raziskovali favno in ekološke razmere v Železni jami pri Dobu. V jami smo našli 53 vrst, dominantne so bile: Meta menardi, Amilenus auriantiacus, Troglophilus neglectus, T. cavicola, Laemosthenes schreibersi, Ceuthmonocharis robici, Limonia nubeculosa in nedoločena vrsta foride. Troglomorfozni taksoni so bili Zospeum sp., C. robici, Anophthalmus sp. in nekateri drugi. Poleg sezonskih sprememb v lokalni klimi in klimi jame so spremembe jakosti prepiha ter količina organskih snovi v substratu v posameznih delih jame verjetno poglavitni vzroki za intenzivne migracije favne. Živali so migrirale med jamo ter površjem, sistemi špranj ob jami in vodnim rovom ob dnu jame.In 2000-2001, the fauna of and ecological conditions in the Železna jama cave near Dob in the isolated karst area of Domžale-Moravče (east of the town of Domžale, central Slovenia), were investigated. Fifty-three species were found in the cave, the dominant ones being Meta menardi, Amilenus auriantiacus, Troglophilus neglectus, T. cavicola, Laemosthenes schreibersi, Ceuthmonocharis robici, Limonia nubeculosa and an undetermined phorid species. The troglomorphotic taxa found were: Zospeum sp., C. robici, Anophthalmus sp. among others. Besides seasonal changes in the local and the cave climate, changes in drought intensity and the varying quantities of organic matter in the substrate were probably the most important factors triggering migrations. Animals migrated between the cave and the surface, adjacent fissure systems and the water channel in the bottom of the cave, which is inaccessible to humans.
Estudio del comportamiento de los morteros reciclados frente al ruido de impacto
Authors: Ferrández D. , Saiz P. , Morón C. , Díaz J. P.
Published: July 2019

En la actualidad existe una amplia gama de sistemas y materiales que se emplean como atenuadores del ruido de impacto, ofreciendo buenas prestaciones a la hora de evitar la transmisión de vibraciones a través de los forjados. En este trabajo, se han elaborado placas de mortero de cuatro centímetros de espesor con cuatro tipos de árido diferentes combinados con distintas tipologías de aislamiento. Aprovechando la menor densidad de los morteros elaborados con árido reciclado, se ha llevado a cabo una investigación en la que se propone sustituir el 100% del árido natural por árido reciclado para la fabricación de morteros empleados en el sistema de losa flotante, ya que ofrecen una solución más eficiente desde el punto de vista acústico. Los morteros elaborados con áridos reciclados de cerámica y mixto los que presentan la solución óptima para atenuar impactos producidos sobre la superficie, reduciendo hasta en un 20% la velocidad de transmisión de impactos frente a sus homólogos elaborados con árido natural.
Estudio comparativo de los métodos para evaluar la transmitancia térmica en cerramientos opacos en el invierno mediterráneo
Authors: Bienvenido-Huertas D. , Rodríguez-Álvaro R. , Moyano J. , Marín D. , Rico F.
Published: July 2019

En España, la mayor parte del parque inmobiliario presenta un comportamiento energético deficiente. Para paliar dicha situación, se debe analizar, entre otros aspectos, su envolvente. De las diferentes propiedades que caracterizan los cerramientos, la transmitancia térmica es una de las más significativas. Sin embargo, las metodologías de evaluación in situ están planteadas para climas fríos, y los métodos teóricos tienen asociados una incertidumbre elevada. Ante esta circunstancia, resulta necesario estudiar su aplicación en climas suaves como el mediterráneo. El presente estudio analizó tanto los métodos teóricos existentes como los experimentales. Para ello se realizó una monitorización sobre cuatro casos de estudio durante el invierno. Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto que, con unas condiciones metrológicas correctas y una estabilidad de las condiciones ambientales, se pueden obtener resultados representativos.
La transmission biographique
Authors: Ribard Dinah
Published: July 2019

Les individus qui peuvent faire l’objet d’un travail d’ordre biographique viennent à nous avec leur biographie : avec des informations biographiques déjà élaborées, déjà écrites, souvent déjà écrites plusieurs fois. Même dans le cas des femmes, des gens du peuple, des artistes ou hommes d’affaires les moins connus, du récit de vie est presque toujours, pour ne pas dire toujours déjà là. Cette réalité crève les yeux. Elle est rarement prise en compte dans la réflexion sur la biographie et sa place dans la pensée et la perception actuelles de l’histoire : l’idée, dont tout le monde convient, que les analyses biographiques d’aujourd’hui, centrées sur les singularités et les spécificités, diffèrent profondément des anciennes Vies exemplaires, tend à masquer ce fait de la transmission biographique. Or celle-ci informe en profondeur notre rapport aux sources disponibles pour travailler sur les individus ; mieux vaut en tenir compte pour réfléchir. Cette contribution porte sur l’élaboration biographique de la figure du premier poète ouvrier français, Adam Billaut, dit le Menuisier de Nevers (1602-1662), de la parution de son premier recueil de poésie, Les Chevilles (1644) jusqu’au tout début du xixe siècle. Elle explore la manière dont les préfaces, les notices, les articles de dictionnaires, ou encore les deux pièces de théâtre composées sur l’histoire d’Adam Billaut entre Révolution et Empire, travaillent la question historique de la littérature des ouvriers
Associations, témoignages, mythistoires
Authors: Dertilis Georges
Published: July 2019

Dans cet article l’auteur, historien de métier, décrit son propre ouvrage autobiographique publié en 2013. Juxtaposée à l’histoire de la Grèce, la « micro-histoire » de sa famille depuis le XVIIIe siècle est parsemée d’incidents qui ont marqué l’enfance de l’auteur pendant l’Occupation et la guerre civile, puis ses années d’études et d’enseignement durant et après la dictature des colonels. Dans un esprit auto-dérisoire, l’article présente un historien qui transgresse les règles de son métier en écrivant une « mythistoire » et qui s’efforce d’exorciser sa culpabilité tout en succombant aux plaisirs d’une écriture libre et littéraire. Il découvre ainsi que lui ne fait pas de l’histoire, il fait de la prose ; ce qui le transporte vers une conclusion moins banale, que l’autobiographie est omniprésente dans la littérature et les beaux-arts. Il évoque donc, admiratif, G. T. di Lampedusa imaginant Le Guépard tout droit sorti de l’histoire de sa famille, Luchino Visconti identifiant un de ses aïeuls au Prince di Salina, voire encore Richard Strauss, dont les « Letzte Lieder », mélodie et vers, résonnent tel un testament nostalgique, harmonieux, serein
La philosophie « biographée » selon Sarah Kofman
Authors: Ullern Isabelle
Published: July 2019

Toute biographie est une énigme et, d’abord, une impossibilité : écrire la vie et en écrire l’effectivité dans l’histoire, l’irréductibilité performative entre hasard et fatalité, comment est-ce possible ? Si l’historiographie apprend de la littérature comment le biographique opère en transformant les rapports au passé, les pluralise, les défait pour recouvrir leur potentiel sans esprit de synthèse (narrative), la philosophie, pour sa part, peut suivre d’autres voies que l’épistémologie ou l’herméneutique : en associant l’écriture du témoignage survivant et une lecture investie, « explosive » de textes tuteurs en philosophie (Nietzsche, Freud, Comte, Platon…), Sarah Kofman parle, effectue et donne à penser ce qu’écriture et textes rapportent à la vie, qu’elle nomme « vie comme texte » pour définir, par cette construction, un tissu psychique en réflexivité vitale. La philosophie de Sarah Kofman est présentée ici pour dessiner l’originalité avec laquelle elle met en œuvre cette problématisation créatrice…
Contextualizing twentieth century business life histories: The cases of Papastratos and Katsambas
Authors: Chatziioannou Maria Christina
Published: July 2019

In this article the main goal is to contextualize the case of two major Greek industrialists, who both published their personal memoirs in the 1960s, written in an earlier period. Both invested in the Greek national economy and differentiated themselves from the “interlopers” of private wealth. In the mid-1960s they shared with the Greek speaking public their personal thoughts on the Greek self-made business man; Evangelos Papastratos (1884-1973) with Work and Its Toil, and Christoforos Katsambas (1893-1984) with Putting faith in the Future. They shed light in their lives, their sacrifices and labour. The term “self-made man” was used in the first decades of the 19th century American politics, while defending and praising manufacturers who deserved the nation’s honours and favours because they had acquired wealth by hard-working devotion to business. Businessmen’s lives as individuals or as groups have illuminated economic success in national and international context and have given food for thought about their perception in wider audiences. Yet the intention of a businessman’s biography to teach by example is closely related to other biographical examples
Hirschman, Montesquieu et les philosophes écossais
Authors: Hyard Alexandra
Published: July 2019

L’objet de l’article est de reconsidérer le découpage opéré par Albert O. Hirschman au sein des philosophes des Lumières écossaises en fonction de leur rapport au mécanisme du « doux commerce » décrit par Montesquieu. Pourquoi classer James Steuart et John Millar parmi les partisans « optimistes » des bienfaits politiques du commerce ? Et pourquoi classer Adam Smith et Adam Ferguson parmi les partisans « pessimistes » ?
La dure réalité du doux commerce : domination, concurrence et échange inégal en Europe
Authors: Lebaron Frédéric
Published: July 2019

L’article montre que la thématique du doux commerce a accompagné depuis les origines la construction européenne, et qu’elle a par là même contribué à masquer la dimension politique du processus d’unification et de convergence, au profit de la prédominance d’une vision pacifiée et irénique de l’économie marchande et du commerce international. Dans le contexte actuel de crise de la zone euro, la dimension conflictuelle des processus concurrentiels, leur lien avec les dynamiques de tensions internationales entre États, sont fortement réévalués.
Trade and Environment Nexus
Authors: Mazumdar Debashis , Bhattacharjee Mainak , Roy Chowdhury Jayeeta
Published: July 2019

One major concern that has emerged in the post-globalization period is climate change. Given that pollution and environmental degradation is a public bad, the adverse change in the climate of one region will have ubiquitous effect and therefore will hamper the process of sustainable development across the globe. There are substantial links between international trade and environmental issues – one being that of the perverted comparative advantage which evolves mainly out of the neglect of environmental damage caused by productive activities. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to build a theoretical framework related to intra-industry trade with production differentiation based on the environmental quality of the goods and price to address how liberalization of trade happens to affect the environment of the trading nations. The study shows a steep decline in the environmental quality of the good that was relatively cleaner under autarky while a meagre improvement in the environmental quality of the relatively dirtier good. Hence, it is revealed hereby how trade alters the nature of international inequality in the environmental quality of the productive activities.
Environmental Regulation, International Trade, and Informal Sector
Authors: Chatterjee Tonmoy
Published: July 2019

This chapter deals with some contemporary issues related to trade and environment, which are mainly faced by the developing nations of the world. In this context, the present study has considered some facts and figures of Indian tannery industry for realization of the above-mentioned objective. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to analyze theoretically the effect of both environmental regulation and trade liberalization on the output of different sectors and also on the national welfare in a small open economy. To categorize this, the authors have presented a theoretical model based on the general equilibrium framework that mainly highlights a paradoxical result. Apart from this, the present research shows that the capital used specifically in advanced export sector is likely to affect the welfare positively, and the capital used by the rest of the economy is likely to affect the welfare adversely when usual export sector of the economy vanishes, and the opposite will occur when the pollution-intensive informal sector of the economy vanishes.
Emission Permit Trading
Authors: Khasnobis Poulomi , Niyogi Sanjukta
Published: July 2019

After the Kyoto Protocol, the new concept of carbon trading emerged. The carbon emission can be controlled by cap and tax system. Cap and trade is the permit that determines the maximum amounts of carbon emission. Carbon tax is imposed on amount of carbon emission. Other instruments of carbon emission are border adjustment and cash payment. Carbon permit is determined by market mechanism through demand and supply. Generally, there are two types of markets: regulated and voluntary. The chapter analyzes mechanisms and discusses the mitigating policies like Kyoto Protocol and tries to examine all aspects related to carbon leakage. The developed countries import carbon-intensive goods. Underdeveloped countries produce and export carbon-intensive goods. In this study, the authors show the prospect of carbon trading and various effects of carbon emission reduction policies on a theoretical framework.
State-Level Status of Renewable Energy Development in India
Authors: Jana Sebak Kumar , Ghosh Moumita , Karmakar Asim Kumar
Published: July 2019

Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources that are essentially inexhaustible like sunlight, wind, hydropower, and various forms of biomass. India has a huge renewable energy potential, and the availability of renewable energy sources is widely dispersed. The key objectives of the chapter are to assess the state development of renewable energy in India. It is seen that the average percentage users of solar power in India has increased from 0.27% in 2001 to 0.44% in 2011. ANOVA results indicate there is significant difference among the states of India in renewable energy development in comparison to their potential capacities, and there is enough scope for the development of renewable energy like solar energy in India.
Green Growth and Energy Use in India
Authors: Patra Sudhakar , Sahu Kabita Kumari
Published: July 2019

The objective of the chapter is to analyze the trend and pattern of energy use, energy challenges of India, and the sustainability through green growth strategy. The study is based on secondary data collected from energy outlook, integrated energy policy, world development indicators, and RBI database. Energy security and sustainable development are critical issues to ensure India's economic growth and its human development. Transport sector energy demand witnesses a noticeable increase, growing by almost three times, from 125 Mtoe in 2012 to about 360 Mtoe in 2018. India has a vast supply of renewable energy resources, and it has one of the largest programs in the world for deploying renewable energy products and systems. The share of oil has in particular fallen from 36% to 33%, while that of natural gas has increased from 23% to 24%, and that of renewable energy (including nuclear and large hydro) has gone up from 12.5% to 14% in the period 2005-15. There is urgent need to have proper integrated energy policy in India with emphasis more on renewable sources of energy.
An Empirical Study on Green Initiatives by S&P BSE SENSEX Companies in India at the Outlet of Companies Act, 2013
Authors: Singha Dipayan , Routh Megnath , Majumdar Amit
Published: July 2019

Considering the necessity to build up corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities in general and sustainability in particular under statutory obligations, Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India had notified in Companies Act 2013 (section 135) that every public limited company and private limited company having net worth of more than 500 crore or turnover more than 1000 crore or net profit more than 5 crore needs to comply with CSR rules (i.e., contributing 2% or more for the welfare of society following the prescribed guidelines under Schedule VII). The chapter focuses on CSR activities of companies registered under BSE SENSEX and evaluating their current status in CSR activities from the perspective of the broad heading of planet and people. A detailed analysis is done to highlight the current situation of the companies towards sustainable development through corporate sustainability index and statistical tools like Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test to represent the contributions of these companies towards the environmental responsibilities. The study of CSR reveals the endeavors of surveyed companies towards the holistic development covering the noteworthy issue of environmental protection and sustainability; however, a continuous vigil from the regulatory bodies is the need of the hour to ensure that adherence to CSR practices should not only be in mere form but in true spirits.
Political Economy of the Green Innovations in the Construction Industry
Authors: Sertyesilisik Begum
Published: July 2019

Green innovations are important in enhancing sustainability performance of the industries and of their outputs. They can influence the carbon emissions, energy efficiency of the industries affecting global green trade, and energy policies. Construction industry is one of the main industries contributing to the global economy and sustainable development. It has, however, bigger environmental footprint than majority of the other industries. Green innovations can contribute to the reduction in the environmental footprint of the construction industry. For this reason, green innovation in the construction industry needs to be supported by the effective policies. This chapter aims to introduce and investigate the political economy of the green innovations in the construction industry. This chapter emphasizes that the effectiveness of the green innovations in the construction industry can be fostered by effective political economy and strategies.
Comparing the Force and Timing Limitations of Traditional Non-Digital Occlusal Indicators to the T-Scan Computerized Occlusal Analysis Technology
Authors: Qadeer, BDS, MSD Sarah , Sarinnaphakorn, DDS Lertrit
Published: July 2019

The traditional occlusal indicators used in dental practice are articulation papers, Shim-stock foils, elastomeric impression materials, and occlusal wax strips. These static dental materials have been widely believed to have occlusal force descriptive capability. However, modern material studies are challenging the widespread belief that occlusal indicator materials can measure differing occlusal force levels. This chapter evaluates the force reporting limitations of these static occlusal indicators, and discusses how clinicians subjectively interpret their appearance characteristics to determine differing occlusal force levels. This chapter then compares these non-digital occlusal indicators to the T-Scan computerized occlusal analysis technology, that records and displays precise, quantifiable, relative occlusal force variances, and occlusal contact timing sequences. This digital data aids the clinician in making a more accurate occlusal analysis, and can guide the clinician in the correction of occlusal contact force and timing abnormalities, thereby eliminating the subjectivity that is inherent with traditional occlusal indicator use. This chapter further details the diagnostic occlusal capabilities of the T-Scan's digital force and timing data, by presenting two separate studies that compared measured closure and excursive occlusal contact force and timing parameters in orthodontic and non-orthodontic young adults. A commentary is included regarding the clinical pitfalls of using maximally invasive, subjective interpretation to choose occlusal contacts for treatment instead of employing minimally invasive, computer-guided occlusal contact selection. This last section clearly illustrates to the reader that both patients and dentists will markedly benefit from the implementation of occlusal measurement technology.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)/T-Scan Combined Occlusal Therapy for Musculoskeletal and Posturo-Occlusal Disorders
Authors: Westersund, DDS Curtis
Published: July 2019

Masticatory muscle hyperactivity has been considered a significant factor in promoting and perpetuating dysfunctional symptoms observed in temporomandibular disorder patients. Many therapeutic modalities have evolved within dental medicine that attempt to lessen or resolve the varying symptoms frequently reported by dysfunctional patients. One such method, known as ultra-low frequency (ULF) transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation (TENS), has been used to relax the masticatory musculature by applying an electrical stimulus to the efferent motor fibers of the fifth and seventh cranial nerves, such that TENS can result in pain analgesia and patient sedation, restore compromised muscle physiology and increase muscle resting length. TENS also aids in establishing a neuromuscular maxillomandibular relationship by inducing a muscularly contracted involuntary arc of closure. This chapter will discuss TENS as a treatment modality for temporomandibular disorders (TMD), explain how to employ TENS to obtain a neuromuscular maxillomandibular relationship, and illustrate in a clinical case report the use of TENS in combination with the T-Scan Computerized Occlusal Analysis System to measurably and physiologically balance, a removable overlay anatomical acetyl resin orthotic prosthesis. This chapter will also detail the interrelationships between TMD musculoskeletal problems and posturo-occlusal disorders, and how disclusion time reduction therapy (DTR) with occlusal rebalancing, performed with the T-Scan 9/BioEMG synchronization, can improve whole body alignment. The chapter concludes with discussions about the problems with direct anatomic relationships, and the three problems of occlusion.
Controlling the Implant Supported Occlusion Utilizing the T-Scan System
Authors: Kim, DDS MS PhD Jinhwan
Published: July 2019

The relative occlusal force and real-time occlusal contact timing data provided by the T-Scan technology can be used to manage the insertion occlusal force design of implant prostheses, as their long-term survivability is tied directly to their installed occlusal function. This chapter discusses how in daily dental practice, clinicians spend a great deal of time making corrective occlusal adjustments using solely articulating paper as their intended guide. However, current research shows that articulating paper markings do not measure occlusal force, and that dentists poorly Subjectively Interpret the appearance characteristics of the markings, such that implant occlusal force control is highly compromised, leading to peri-implant tissue loss, de-osseointegration, and elevated frequency rates of breakage of implant restorative components. However, by using the T-Scan technology, the clinician eliminates the subjectivity involved in using articulating paper. This ensures the occlusal design of newly-installed implant prostheses are optimal, ensuring prosthesis longevity. Case examples are presented of how occlusal adjustments that employ T-Scan force and timing data with simultaneously-recorded EMG data aid in implant restoration occlusal force control by not only lessening masticatory muscle hyperactivity, but also by improving the muscle tone and length of the face, head, and neck musculature.
Orthodontic Monitoring and Case Finishing With the T-Scan System
Authors: Cohen-Levy, DDS Julia
Published: July 2019

This chapter reviews T-Scan use in orthodontics from diagnosis to case finishing, and then in retention, while defining normal T-Scan recording parameters for orthodontically-treated subjects versus untreated subjects. T-Scan use in the case-finishing process is also described, which compensates for changes in the occlusion that occur during “post-orthodontic settling,” as teeth move freely within the periodontium to find an equilibrium position when the orthodontic appliances have been removed. T-Scan implementation is necessary because, often, despite there being a post treatment, visually “perfect” angle's Class I relationship established with the orthodontic treatment, ideal occlusal contacts do not result solely from tooth movement. Creating simultaneous and equal force occlusal contacts following fixed appliance removal can be accomplished using T-Scan data to optimize the end-result occlusal contact pattern. The T-Scan software's force distribution and timing indicators (the two- and three-dimensional force views, force percentage per tooth and arch half, the center of force trajectory and icon, the occlusion time [OT], and the disclusion time [DT]), all aid the Orthodontist in obtaining an ideal occlusal force distribution during case-finishing. Fortunately, most orthodontic cases remain asymptomatic during and after tooth movement. However, an occlusal force imbalance or patient discomfort may occur along with the malocclusion that needs orthodontic treatment. Symptomatic cases require special documentation at the baseline, and careful monitoring throughout the entire orthodontic process. The clinical use of T-Scan in these “fragile” cases of patient muscle in-coordination, mandibular deviation, atypical pain, and/or TMJ idiopathic arthritis, are illustrated by several case reports. The presented clinical examples highlight combining T-Scan data recorded during case diagnosis, tooth movement, and in case finishing, with patients that underwent lingual orthodontics and orthognathic surgery, orthodontic treatment using clear aligners, or conventional fixed treatment with a camouflage treatment plan, which require special occlusal finishing (when premolars are extracted in only one arch).
Comparative Cross Cultural Study of Indian Managers' Perspectives On Doing International Business in Bedouin And Guanxi Culture
Authors: Bhattacharyya Som Sekhar
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this research article is to comparatively study Indian firms' international cultural challenges of doing business in Bedouin and Chinese business cultures. In this research, the author based on in-depth exploratory qualitative personal interview with 22 Indian international business experts and explores the cultural nuances of international business operations. Specifically, the author content analyses and prepare a comparative analysis (similarities and dissimilarities) of Indian business culture with Bedouin and Chinese business culture. This article thus contributes to international business strategy (IBS) literature centric to Indian firms from a cultural dimension. Comparative analysis on Trompenaar's cultural dimensions, Hofstede's cultural dimensions, CAGE distances and EPRG aspects highlight the challenges of doing business for Indian business managers in Bedouin and Chinese business culture. This would help Indian business managers to take steps to improve international business expansion in China and The Gulf countries. This is one of the first comparative analysis of Indian firms' international expansion difficulties in Bedouin and Chinese business culture.
Exploring the Mediating Role of Feedback Environment in the Relationship Between Supervisors' Emotional Intelligence and Employees' Performance
Authors: Khan Saif , Anjam Mahwish , Abu Faiz Mohammad , Khan Faisal
Published: July 2019

This empirical study examines the relationship between the measured perception of the supervisor's emotional intelligence and the employee workplace performance, as it is impacted by the mediating effect of the supervisor's feedback environment. Data were collected from selected faculties of higher education institutions within Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE) by means of a cross-sectional quantitative survey using a random probability sampling technique. Statistical techniques used for the purpose of data analysis include, descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. The data analysis confirmed all of the research hypotheses excluding the impact of a supervisor's use of emotions on the feedback environment. However, the data from the feedback environment indicates a significant mediating impact upon the relationship between supervisor's emotional intelligence and the subordinate's work performance. This study establishes the role of the supervisor's emotional intelligence in defining the feedback environment as they deal with faculty members' quality of work.
Intuitionistic Trapezoidal Fuzzy MAGDM Problems with Sumudu Transform in Numerical Methods
Authors: John Robinson P.  , Jeeva S
Published: July 2019

Multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) is an important scientific, social, and economic endeavor. The ability to make consistent and correct choices is the essence of any decision process imbued with uncertainty. In situations where the information or data is in the form of an intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy numbers, or to construct the MAGDM problem, an intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy weighted averaging (ITzFWA) operator and an intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy hybrid aggregation (ITzFHA) operator are used. In this article, the decision maker provides the weights for aggregation in the form of an initial value problem of ordinary differential equations based on the study made on the data given by the decision maker. Decision maker weights are derived through sumudu transformation and various other numerical methods by obtaining the solution of differential equations. A numerical illustration is given to show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach.