bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation between imaging and tissue biomarkers of hypoxia in squamous cell cancer of the head and neck
Authors: Kunder Shreya , Chatterjee Abhishek , Manna Subhakankha , Mahimkar Manoj , Patil Asawari , Rangarajan Venkatesh , Budrukkar Ashwini , Ghosh-Laskar Sarbani , Agarwal Jai Prakash , Gupta Tejpal
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to correlate endogenous tissue biomarkers of hypoxia with quantitative imaging parameters derived from 18F-fluoro-misonidazole (F-MISO) and 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and clinical outcomes in locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Tumor-tissue blocks of HNSCC patients with pretreatment F-MISO-PET/CT and FDG-PET/CT were de-archived for expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) subunit, carbonic anhydrase-IX (CA-IX), and glucose transporter subunit-1 (GLUT-1) using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The intensity of staining was graded and correlated with quantitative imaging parameters and with disease-related outcomes. Tissue blocks were analyzed for 14 of 20 patients. On IHC, median H-scores for HIF-1α, CA-IX, and GLUT-1 were 130, 0, and 95, respectively. No significant correlation of tissue biomarkers of hypoxia with quantitative imaging parameters was found. However, borderline significant correlation was seen for H-scores of CA-IX with hypoxic tumor volume (HTV) (r = 0.873, P = 0.054) and fractional hypoxic volume (r = 0.824, P = 0.086) derived from F-MISO-PET/CT. At a median follow-up of 43 months, 5-year Kaplan–Meier estimates of locoregional control, disease-free survival, and overall survival were 53%, 43%, and 40%, respectively. Increased expression of HIF-1α or GLUT-1 (dichotomized by median H-scores) was not individually associated with disease-related outcomes. However, a combination of high HTV (>4.89cc) with above median H-scores of either HIF-1α (>130) and/or GLUT-1 (>95) was associated with worse clinical outcomes. None of the three patients with such “adverse hypoxic profile” were long-term survivors. There is no significant correlation of endogenous tissue biomarkers of hypoxia (HIF-1α, CA-IX, and GLUT-1) with quantitative imaging parameters (on F-MISO-PET/CT and FDG-PET/CT) or long-term outcomes in HNSCC. However, a combination of both can identify a subgroup of patients with adverse outcomes.
Physician anaesthesia providers in Switzerland today and tomorrow: results of the National Anaesthesia Workforce Study (NAWOS)
Authors: Haller Guy , Heim Christoph , Meier Kaspar , Clerici Nicola , Combescure Christophe , Ganter Michael T. , Schliessbach  Jürg , Kindler Christoph , Eichenberger Urs , Kern Christian
Published: August 2021

AIMS OF THE STUDY: The Swiss healthcare system is highly ranked, given its unrestricted access to specialised care and short waiting lists for surgery. However, the need for anaesthetic and surgical care is escalating owing to the increasing size and ageing of the Swiss population. In addition, to address the persistent and  recurrent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic crisis, the speciality of anaesthesia is under tremendous pressure to maintain an effective workforce in order to address population needs. The current number, characteristics and future evolution of the physician anaesthesia workforce in Switzerland are currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the size and professional and sociodemographic characteristics of the current anaesthesia workforce in Switzerland and to forecast its development up to 2034.
METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study using a 150-item questionnaire prepared by the National Anaesthesia Workforce Study Group (NAWOS). We included all physicians (trainees and certified) practising anaesthesia in Switzerland. We collected demographic and professional information, such as the current position, hospital characteristics, workload, number of shifts and future life plans. We built a computer-based Markov model with Monte Carlo simulations to project both supply and demand for physician anaesthesia provider positions.
RESULTS: Of the 2661 distributed questionnaires, 1985 (74.2%) were completed and returned. We found that the average age of anaesthesiologists practising in Switzerland was 45.2 years, with 44.3% of them being women and 76.9% holding a Swiss specialist title. Only 59.6% of respondents worked full time. The forecasting model showed a steady increase in the number of anaesthesiologists retiring by 2034, with 27% of full-time equivalent jobs being lost in the next 8 years. Even if existing full-time equivalent training positions are all filled, a gradual deficit of anaesthesiologists is to be expected after 2022, and the deficit should culminate in 2034 with a deficit ratio of 0.87.
CONCLUSIONS: Due to the upcoming high retirement rate of anaesthesiologists, Switzerland is likely to face a shortage of anaesthesiologists in the near future. To compensate for the shortage, the country will likely increase its reliance on medical staff trained abroad. Southern and eastern cantons of Switzerland are particularly at risk, given that they already heavily rely on foreign anaesthesia workforce. This reliance should be considered a national priority because anaesthesiologists are heavily involved in both the treatment of patients with respiratory complications of SARS-CoV2 infection and the care of surgical patients, the number of which is expected to rise steadily in upcoming years.
Management of dupilumab-associated ocular surface diseases in atopic dermatitis patients
Authors: Guex-Crosier Yan , Di-Lucca Julie , Häusermann Peter , Laffitte Emmanuel , Saulite Ieva , Schmid-Grendelmeier Peter , Schürch Kaspar , Thormann Kathrin , Simon Dagmar
Published: August 2021

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterised by eczematous skin lesions and intense pruritus. It is often associated with other atopic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, bronchial asthma and eosinophilic oesophagitis. Dupilumab is the first biologic approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in Switzerland. Dupilumab targets the interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 receptor and thus inhibits the signalling of IL-4 and IL-13, two key mediators of type 2 inflammation, resulting in an improvement of clinical signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis. Patients with atopic dermatitis present more often with ocular surface diseases (OSDs), such as allergic conjunctivitis, blepharitis and keratitis as well as infectious conjunctivitis and keratoconus compared with the general population. Upon dupilumab therapy, increased rates of ocular surface diseases have been reported in clinical trials. Interestingly, dupilumab-associated (da) OSD is restricted to atopic dermatitis patients and has not been observed in asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis trials. Fortunately, most cases of dupilumab-associated OSD are mild-to-moderate and transient. Thus, ocular surface disease presents a particular adverse event of treatment with dupilumab in dermatology. This article aims at providing a practical guide for physicians, with a special focus on dermatologists, allergists and ophthalmologists in Switzerland, to the diagnosis and management of dupilumab-associated OSD in atopic dermatitis patients.
For this purpose, an expert group of dermatologists and ophthalmologists from university and cantonal hospitals in Switzerland reviewed data on ocular surface diseases published in clinical trial and real-life reports of dupilumab therapy, published case reports and case series on the management of dupilumab-associated OSD, as well as recent recommendations provided by experts of national and international boards. Based on the observations of dupilumab-associated OSD and practical experiences in identifying and treating OSD, an algorithm has been developed that is specific to the needs in Switzerland. Considering concomitant ocular diseases and differential diagnoses, the clinical presentation of dupilumab-associated OSD and its response to therapeutic measures, a stepwise approach is recommended. Mild dupilumab-associated OSD can be managed by dermatologists and allergists, whereas patients with moderate-to-severe OSD requiring corticosteroid or calcineurin inhibitor therapy should necessarily be referred to an ophthalmologist. The effects of preventive measures, such as artificial tears, are uncertain. The recommendations provided here should guarantee a prompt and effective treatment of OSD for patients under dupilumab therapy in order to prevent that an otherwise potent therapy has to be ceased because of ocular adverse events.
REKLAMA YÖNELİK TUTUM, MARKA BİLİNİRLİĞİ VE MARKA GÜVENİ İLİŞKİSİ BAĞLAMINDA BEYAZ EŞYA KULLANICILARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: AKGUN Ozlem , BAŞER Hacı Halil
Published: August 2021

Reklamlar yoluyla; bilgi aktarmak, tüketicilerin ilgisini çekmek, farkındalık yaratmak, reklamı yapılan ürüne itibar ve rekabet avantajı kazandırmak, yıllar boyunca pazarlamacıların sıklıkla başvurduğu yöntemler arasında yer almaktadır. Tüketicilerin reklamlara karşı geliştirdikleri tutumun ise, marka güveni sağlama bağlamında üstlendiği rol son derece kritiktir. Özellikle rekabetçi ortamlarda, tüketicilerin markaya olan güveni, satın alma kararları üzerinde oldukça etkilidir. Bununla birlikte markalama alanında son derece önemli olan ve markanın hedef kitle üzerinde ne ölçüde tanındığına karşılık gelen marka bilinirliği kavramı da başarıyla yapılan reklamlar sayesinde, daha fazla tüketici tarafından tanınma ve daha fazla tüketicinin hafızasında kalma amacının gerçekleşmesine aracılık etmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmanın amacı; beyaz eşya kullanıcılarının reklama yönelik tutumları, marka bilinirliği ve beyaz eşya markalarına karşı güvenleri arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığının incelenmesidir. Bu bağlamda öncelikle teorik kısımda; reklama yönelik tutum, marka bilinirliği ve marka güveni değişkenleri ile ilgili literatür bilgisine, çalışmanın araştırma kısmında ise; beyaz eşya sektörü özelinde 390 tüketici ile gerçekleştirilen anket uygulamasının yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile elde edilen analiz bulgularına ve değerlendirmelerine yer verilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda; reklama yönelik tutumun marka bilinirliği üzerinde ve marka bilinirliğinin marka güveni üzerinde pozitif bir etkisinin olduğu sonucu elde edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte; reklama yönelik tutumun marka güveni üzerinde doğrudan bir etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir.
RƏQABƏTQABİLİYYƏTLİ İNNOVASİYA STRATE¬Gİ¬YASININ REALLAŞDIRILMASININ İDARƏETMƏ MEXANİZMLƏRİ
Authors: Niftəliyeva Ülviyyə Vahid qızı
Published: August 2021

Məqalədə müasir iqtisadi şəraitdə innovasiya strate­gi­yasının formalaşması xüsusiyyətləri tədqiq edilmiş, innovasiya resurslarının formalaşmasının strategiyasının əsas mərhələləri nəzərdən keçirilmişdir. Məqalədə həmçinin innovasiya strategiyasının səmərəliliyinin qiymətləndirilməsi meyarları müəyyən olunmuş, Azərbaycan müəssisələrinin rəqabət qabiliyətliliyinə təsir edən amilləri təhlil edilmiş, rəqabət üstünlüklərinə əsaslanan strategiyanın seçilməsinin alternativ variantı təklif edilmişdir.
ФАТИХ КӘРИМНЕҢ БӨЕК ВАТАН СУГЫШЫ ЧОРЫ ШИГЪРИЯТЕНДӘ ТӨП МОТИВЛАР
Authors: Айгөл Фирдинат кызы Ганиева  , Ләйсән Рәдиф кызы  Надыршина  , Фатыйма Хәлиулла кызы Миңнуллина
Published: August 2021

Мәкалә Ф.Кәримнең Бөек Ватан сугышы чорында иҗат ителгән шигырь һәм поэмаларындагы төп мотивларны анализлауга багышлана. Бөек Ватан сугышы чорындагы иҗатында Ф.Кәрим иле, Ватаны өчен көрәшкән совет солдаты образын сурәтләү объекты итә һәм аны кансыз дошманга каршы куеп тасвирлый. Әсәрләрдә төп мотив буларак, иң беренче чиратта, көрәш яңгырый. Сугыш чоры концепциясенә тугры калып, Фатих Кәрим үлем – үлемсезлек категорияләре турында уйлана һәм тугын илең, халкың өчен көрәшеп үлү – мәңгелек яшәешкә ирешү ул дигән идеяне үткәрә.Сугыш кырларында да Фатих Кәрим, иң беренче чиратта, шагыйрь булып кала. Аның шигырьләрендә, шуңа бәйле рәвештә, җыр, иҗат мотивы килеп керә. Фатих Кәрим сугыш кырларында туган ягы турында гел уйлана. Шуңа мөнәсәбәтле рәвештә, шигырьләрнең аерым берләрендә төп структур берәмлек буларак кайту мотивы чыгыш ясый. Фатих Кәрим иҗатында җиңү мотивы да үзәк мотивларның берсенә әверелә. Поэмаларында исә автор көрәш, илгә тугрылык мотивларын аерым образларның шәхси фаҗигаләре аркылы җиткерә һәм аны илең өчен корбан булу мотивы белән бәйли.
О ТЮРКСКОЙ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩЕЙ В МИРОВОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ И ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Булекбаев С. Б.  , Айдарбеков З.С.
Published: August 2021

Тюркский мир на протяжении  длительной истории являлась уникальным местом, где зарождались и развивались мощнейшие культуры и цивилизации, оказавшее огромное влияние и воздействие на ход, и развитие  мировой истории, культуры и цивилизации. Его   влияние было обусловлено тем, что Тюркский мир, будучи географически расположенный в центральной части евразийского континента, всегда был связующим мостом между двумя великими культурами Востока и Запада.
MAKROEKONOMİK DEĞİŞKEN OLARAK BÜTÇE AÇIĞI İLE CARİ AÇIK İLİŞKİSİ 2000 SONRASI TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: UĞUR ÇINAR
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı bütçe ve cari açık arasındaki ilişkinin Türkiye ekonomisinde araştırılmasıdır. İki ölçüt arasındaki ilişki 2005-2017 yılları arasında çeyreklik veriler ile incelenmektedir. Çalışmada kullanılan değişkenlerin durağanlık seviyeleri ADF, PP ve KPSS birim kök testleriyle belirlenmektedir. Seriler arasındaki eştümleşme ilişkisi ARDL sınır testi kullanılarak sınanmaktadır. Son olarak değişkenler arasındaki nedenselliğin varlığı ve yönü Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testi ile tespit edilmektedir. Elde edilen ampirik bulgular değişkenlerin farklı mertebeden durağan olabileceği yönünde şüphe uyandırmaktadır. ARDL sınır testi sonuçları ise serilerin uzun dönemde birlikte hareket ettiklerini göstermektedir. Ayrıca uzun dönemde bütçe dengesi açığından cari işlemler dengesi açığına doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmaktadır. Bu sonuçlar Türkiye’de ilgili dönemde Keynesyen teorinin geçerliliğini kanıtlanamaktadır.
მდგრადი სასურსათო უზრუნველყოფის პრობლემები და აგრობიზნესის განვითარების საჭიროებები საქართველოში
Authors: SUKNISHVILI MIRZA
Published: August 2021

მირზა სუქნიშვილი
ბათუმის შოთა რუსთაველის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი, ბიზნესის ადმინისტრირების სადოქტორო პროგრამის დოქტორანტი
საქართველო, ბათუმი
E-mail: Mirzasuknishvili@gmail.com
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0365- 2226
 
მოკლე აღწერა
სასურსათო უსაფრთხოების საკითხი და მოსახლეობის ურუნველყოფას მათზე მსოფლიო სამედიცინო ორგანიზაციების ნორმების შესაბამისად არა მარტო სოციოლოგიურ-პოლიტიკურ საკითხებს ეხება, არამედ ნებისმიერ ქვეყნისათვის მას სტრატეგიული მნიშნელობა აქვს. ოფიციალურ მონაცემებზე დაყრდნობით თუ ვიმსჯელებთ ძირითადი საკვები პროდუქტების წარმოების წლიური მოცულობა სანახევროდაც ვერ აკმაყოფილებს ნორმების შესაბამისად დადგენილ მოთხოვნებს. კიდევ უფრო დიდია დისპროპორცია მარცვლეულის წარმოების მხრივ. ეს მაშინ  როცა სწორი აგრარული განვითარების შესაბამისად ქვეყანას შეუძლია წლიური მოთხოვნილებების 70% შიდა წარმოებით დაფაროს. ასეთივე მდგომარეობაა ბოსტნეულის, ბაღჩეულის, ზოგიერთი ერთლიანი და მრავალწლიანი კულტურების (გარდა ყურძენი, ღვინო და ღნინო მასალები) და მეცხოველეობის პროდუქტების წარმოების მხრივ. 
კვლევის შემდეგ დადგინდა, რომ აგროსექტორში დასაქმებული ფერმერები, მეწარმეები და სოფლის მეურნეობით დაკავებული ადამიანის შრომა კვლავ წვრილგლეხური მეურნეობის მსგავსია, ნაკლებია მათი წვლილი საერთო წარმოებაში, ძალზე მწირია ფულადი შემოსავლები და აქედან გამომდინარე საქმიანობის გაფართოების შესაძლებლობა.
Reduction of Inpatient Fall Rate in an Adult Acute Care Setting
Authors:   , Maprel Manjusha
Published: August 2021

Practice Problem: Falls are among the most reported hospital-acquired conditions and can lead to severe injuries, increased length of hospital stays, pain, distress, and emotional trauma in the elderly. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) identifies falls as preventable and no longer authorizes reimbursement to healthcare systems for treating inpatient fall-related injuries. PICOT: The PICOT question that guided this project was: In adult, acute care patients admitted to the telemetry unit (P), how does implementing evidence-based multimodal fall prevention strategies (I) compared to routine fall prevention strategies (C) affect inpatient fall rate (O) over a period of 6-8 weeks (T)? Evidence: The literature review revealed that using multimodal risk prevention strategies effectively reduces fall risk and fall-related injuries and thus improves patient safety and outcomes. Intervention: A multimodal fall prevention strategy was developed, according to the Morse Fall Risk Assessment score, utilizing tools such as bed alarm on, lights on, a urinal within reach, purposeful hourly rounding, and bedside reporting during shift change. The oncoming shift nurse checked with the off-going shift nurse at the patient’s bedside to ensure that the fall risk patients’ fall precaution strategies had been initiated and maintained throughout the shift. Outcome: The EBP project did not result in an overall reduction in the fall rates; however, the fall rate with injury was low in the telemetry unit. The project resulted in an increase in the staff’s knowledge and awareness of multimodal fall prevention strategies. Conclusion: The reduction in the incidence of falls after the implementation of the EBP project in the telemetry unit was not statistically significant. However, the result indicated a clinically meaningful improvement in fall-related injury outcomes and increased staff knowledge and awareness of the fall prevention strategies.
Measuring the educational benefits of using a virtual patient to practice pharmacist-patient consultations
Authors: Richardson Charlotte Lucy , Chapman Stephen , White Simon
Published: August 2021

Objective: Virtual patients (VPs) are a method of simulating clinical practice however little is known about their use by healthcare professionals. This study explores if, and how, one VP is educationally beneficial for pharmacists and pre-registration trainees to teach non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant (NOAC) patient counselling.
Method: The evaluation used a before and after questionnaire measuring self-perceived counselling ability; further questions considered the outcomes of VP use. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics; ethical approval was granted by Keele University.
Results: There was an average improvement in the user’s (n=94) self-perceived ability to conduct NOAC counselling (+10.2%). Although, there was variation in educational outcomes with changes in both knowledge and confidence reported. Some reported a decreased ability, but they were still positive towards the VP as it may have had a regulatory effect.
Conclusion: Most users perceived multiple benefits of use; more generic outcomes related to counselling skills were also reported.
AZIMUTHAL SURFACE WAVES IN LOW-DENSITY PLASMA LOADED, COAXIAL HELIX TRAVELING-WAVE-TUBE-LIKE WAVEGUIDES
Authors: Girka I.O. , Thumm M.
Published: August 2021

The dispersion properties of flute electromagnetic waves propagating across an external axial static magnetic field in traveling-wave-tube-like waveguides with low-density plasma filling are investigated. The cylindrical structure consists of a central dielectric rod, placed inside a plasma coaxial layer with a metallic helix sheath on its outer interface, and a metal screen separated from the helix by another dielectric layer.
WAKEFIELD EXCITATION BY A RAMPED ELECTRON BUNCH TRAIN IN A PLASMA-DIELECTRIC WAVEGUIDE
Authors: Galaydych K.V. , Sotnikov G.V. , Onishchenko I.N.
Published: August 2021

A linear theory of wakefield excitation by a ramped electron bunch train in a cylindrical plasma-dielectric waveguide is presented. It is shown that during an excitation process the drive bunches are in the focusing field due to the radial electric field excitation of the plasma wave. The possibility of both obtaining a high transformer ratio and focusing the drive and witness bunches is demonstrated.
TRANSITION EXCITATION OF A PERFECTLY CONDUCTING CYLINDER BY RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON BUNCHES
Authors: Balakirev V.A. , Onishchenko I.N.
Published: August 2021

Transition radiation of a relativistic electron bunch, which arises when it collides with the surface of an infinite perfectly conducting cylinder, is considered. The electron bunch moves perpendicular to the cylinder surface. Expressions for the field strength of electromagnetic radiation in the wave zone are obtained and investigated.
SIMULATION OF THE COMPENSATION OF A HIGH-CURRENT ION BEAM BY AN ELECTRON BEAM IN A CUSP MAGNETIC SYSTEM
Authors: Onishchenko I.N. , Fedorovskaya O.V.
Published: August 2021

The results of 2.5D-simulation of the dynamics of particles of a high-current ion beam moving in a magnetic field of acute-angled geometry (cusp), compensated in charge and current by an electron beam injected along the radius onto the axis from the periphery, uniformly in azimuth, are presented. The influence of own space charge fields and polarization fields on the dynamics of ions is clarified. It is shown that at high densities of the electron and ion beams, the electron beam injected into the cusp together with the ion beam, moving along the magnetic field lines, drags the ion beam away from the axis to the periphery into the region of zero magnetic field. At the exit from the cusp, the electron beam injected along the radius onto the axis drifts along the axis in a uniform magnetic field, while the ion beam performs oscillatory motion by radius in the crossed the electric field of the electron beam space charge and the longitudinal magnetic field.
DISSIPATIVE INSTABILITIES AND SUPERRADIATION REGIMES (CLASSIC MODELS)
Authors: Kuklin V.M. , Poklonskiy E.V.
Published: August 2021

The generation of an electromagnetic field by oscillators in an open resonator is discussed in a one-dimensional approximation. In this case, the development of the so-called dissipative instability  the dissipative generation regime. Such an instability with the generation of electromagnetic oscillations arises when the decrement of oscillations in an open resonator in the absence of oscillators turns out to be greater than the increment of the resulting instability of the system of oscillators placed in this resonator. It is assumed that the oscillators do not interact with each other, and only the resonator field affects their behavior. If the resonator field is absent or small, the superradiance regime is possible, when the radiation of each oscillator is essential and the field in the system is the sum of all the eigenfields of the oscillators. In the dissipative regime of instability generation, the system of oscillators is synchronized by the induced resonator field. The synchronization of the oscillators in the superradiance mode owes its existence to the integral field of the entire system of oscillators. With a weak nonlinearity of the oscillators, a small initiating external field is required to excite the generation regime. It is noteworthy that the maximum value of the superradiance field is approximately two times less than the maximum field that the same particles could generate if they were at the same point. In all cases, for a given open resonator, the superradiance field turned out to be somewhat larger than the resonator field. Nevertheless, for the same resonator, the increments and attainable field amplitudes in both cases are of the same order of magnitude.
CONTROL OF WAVE INTERACTION PROCESSES IN PLASMA
Authors: Buts V.O. , Kovalchuk I.K. , Tolstoluzhsky O.P. , Zagorodny A.G.
Published: August 2021

The results of processes investigation of nonlinear interaction of wave in plasma were expounded. First of all the mechanisms of the processes control of three frequencies wave interaction were considered. It was shown that using of the whirligig principle allows to point out to conditions of existence of decay processes and to conditions of suppression of decay processes. It was discovered that separated waves with circle polarization do not decay in plasma.
HIGH VOLTAGE BEAM DISCHARGE IN NITROGEN WITH FAST NEUTRAL ATOM REFLECTION FROM TANTALUM CATHODE
Authors: Boldasov V.S. , Kuzmichev A.I. , Melnichenko M.S. , Shulaev V.M.
Published: August 2021

The kinetic simulation of high-voltage beam discharge at low pressure of nitrogen is fulfilled. The characteristics of particle flows to the tantalum cathode and back reflection of fast nitrogen atoms are calculated. The reflection coefficient equals tens of percents at voltages up to 100 kV. The generation of fast nitrogen atoms may be used for metals and dielectrics nitriding with implantation effect.
Model Estimates and In-situ Measurements of the Concentrations of Some Gaseous Pollutants in Some Selected Standard Kitchens in Makurdi-Nigeria
Authors: Ichaver A , Koughna RT , Hongor DS
Published: August 2021

This work assessed and compared the concentrations of some gaseous pollutants in some selected standard kitchens in Makurdi-Nigeria using in-situ measurements and models estimates. Mean concentrations of CO, NO2 and SO2 were measured using Crowcon gasman meters in all the selected kitchens. The results obtained show that CO and NO2 concentrations were observed in all the selected kitchens in concentrations below the permissible limit of 20 ppm and 0.6 ppm respectively set by National Ambient Air Quality Standard and SO2 was not observed. The mean concentrations for model estimates were found to be slightly higher compared to that of in-situ measurement in all the study kitchens for both pollutants, which is an indication of the strength of the model estimate. Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (r) was also computed to be 0.99 and 0.36 for CO and NO2respectively. The correlation is very strong and positive for CO (r = 0.99) and is weak but also positive for NO2 (r = 0.37). This implies that the model estimates used in this work has 99 % validity estimating indoor concentrations of CO where in-situ measurements are not possible. However, the positive correlation between the in-situ measurements and models estimates indicate that both are positively related.
A Novel 4D Track Prediction Approach Combining Empirical Mode Decomposition with Nonlinear Correlation Coefficient
Authors: Shen Zhiyuan Shen , Wang Xiaowei , Wu Qiuxiang
Published: August 2021

The accuracy of 4D track prediction plays an important role to solve the prominent contradiction between the rapid development of air transport industry and the limited resources of airspace. The conventional 4D track prediction based on the aerospace dynamic model is usually inaccurate since of weather influence and air traffic controller (ATC) factor. In this paper, an entirely data-driven nominal flight height profile prediction approach combing empirical mode decomposition (EMD) with nonlinear correlation coefficient (NCC) is proposed. Firstly, the historical tracks are implemented on EMD individually. Then according to a procedure similar to leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV), the physical meanings of different intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) obtained by EMD are analyzed to corresponding to the various flight information. For a specified flight, the similarities between different dates are measured by NCC. Finally, a predicted nominal trajectory is obtained by summing a series of selected IMFs with a regression weight under least square optimization framework. It is demonstrated that the proposed method shows a higher prediction performance when comparing with the state of the art method named as nearest neighbor classification with dynamic time warping (DTW).

 

La precisión de la predicción de la pista 4D desempeña un papel importante para resolver la importante contradicción entre el rápido desarrollo de la industria del transporte aéreo y los recursos limitados del espacio aéreo. La predicción convencional de la pista 4D basada en el modelo dinámico aeroespacial suele ser inexacta debido a la influencia de las condiciones meteorológicas y el factor del controlador de tráfico aéreo (ATC). En este trabajo, se propone un enfoque de predicción del perfil de altura de vuelo nominal totalmente basado en datos que combina la descomposición empírica de modos (EMD) con el coeficiente de correlación no lineal (NCC). En primer lugar, las pistas históricas se implementan en la EMD individualmente. A continuación, de acuerdo con un procedimiento similar al de la validación cruzada sin intervención (LOOCV), se analizan los significados físicos de las diferentes funciones de modo intrínseco (IMF) obtenidas por la EMD para que correspondan a las diversas informaciones de vuelo. Para un vuelo específico, se miden las similitudes entre las distintas fechas mediante NCC. Por último, se obtiene una trayectoria nominal predicha mediante la suma de una serie de FMI seleccionadas con un peso de regresión en el marco de la optimización de mínimos cuadrados. Se demuestra que el método propuesto muestra un mayor rendimiento de predicción en comparación con el método más avanzado denominado clasificación de vecinos más cercanos con deformación temporal dinámica (DTW).
Clinical Outcome of Pediatric Ewing sarcoma and Significance of Pathological Necrosis for Mortality after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Single Institutional Study
Authors: Irfana Ishaq Sindhu  , Asma Mehreen  , Rabia Muhammad Wali  , Muhammad Abubakar
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Tumor necrosis and histopathological changes in Ewing sarcoma following neoadjuvant chemotherapy are important predictors of disease outcome. The aim of our study is to determine the clinical outcome and significance of pathological necrosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy as it has not been reported in our country so far.
Methods: Data was reviewed after IRB approval from January 2010 to December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed for patients with newly diagnosed Ewing sarcoma on histopathology and less than 20 years of age at the time of diagnosis.
 Results: A Total of 124 patients were included, in which 89 patients (72%) were non metastatic and 35 patients were metastatic (28%). Histopathology report after doing surgery showed Little or no (Grade 1 ) necrosis seen in 14 patients (11%) and 50-90% (Grade II) necrosis seen in 9 patients (7%), 90-99% (Grade III) necrosis seen in 8 patients (5.5%), and 100% (Grade IV) necrosis in 14 patients (11%). EFS of grade 4 necrosis was 93%, grade-3 71%, grade- 2 22% and grade-1 35%. OS of grade 4 necrosis was 93%, grade -3 75%, grade-2 25 % and grade-1 50%. EFS of Ewing sarcoma patients were 38% and OS was 38%.
Conclusion: Tumor necrosis and histopathological changes after surgery has great impact on survival outcome in Ewing Sarcoma.
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Barriers to efficient provision of healthcare facilities: an experience from a developing country.
Authors: Musharraf Fatima Fakir , Rani Anooja
Published: August 2021

Pakistan has nearly 200 million people, of which almost 20 million people live in Karachi, which has 17 tertiary care hospitals, and it is no secret that they are overburdened (1).
Despite the healthcare workers’ competency, several issues hinder administering proper care in a tertiary healthcare setup. Firstly, spatial distancing-spatial access to facilities within a hospital also proves a challenge for patients. Patients have little idea regarding specific departments in a large tertiary care hospital due to low literacy rates compounded with a lack of health literacy. At times many patients have reportedly circled the hospital twice and can still not find their desired specialist. A study conducted in Delhi that closely matches Karachi in demographics suggested that patients with one-time visits to secondary care facilities had lower follow-up rates than those who were more familiar with the system (2). Patients may take time to acclimatize to healthcare setup when visiting as first-timers, and if found too challenging to adapt, they may not make an effort again. Unsurprisingly, this renders many facilities- the administration spends, sometimes a fortune, procuring- useless.
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Past, Present and Future of Urology in Pakistan
Authors: Manzoor Hussain
Published: August 2021

Abstract
There is little published literature on urologic diseases before 1947 from areas now constituting Pakistan. From 1947 to 1970s, urology was part of surgery practiced by general surgeons except for two urology units in 1960s. The real take off of urology began with introduction of transurethral resection of prostate in 1980s, ushering the era of endourology; the second era of which began with ureteroscopy along with extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in 1987-1989, percutaneous nephrolithotomy in 1992 and introduction of percutaneous nephrostomy in 1997. Renal transplantation was started in 1979 and currently, there are 19 renal transplant centres. At present, there are 11 specialized kidney centers in the country. Urology has undergone marked metamorphosis during the new millennium with many sub-specialities. Over past few decades, the classical surgical training has shifted toward adaptation of surgical simulation labs.
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Decentralisation and devolution in growing megacities. Case of Bangalore, India
Authors: Ramesh Ananya , Vidyarthi Nirupama M.
Published: August 2021

Through the 73rd and 74th Amendment Act of 1992, India sought to empower urban and rural local bodies. On the contrary, parallel modes of governance have undermined them. In the case of megacity Bangalore, two such modes i.e Electronic City and Smart City are studied to unpack the status of decentralisation. Key person interviews serve as primary data. Following the enquiry of decentralisation and devolution, elements of disconnectedness emerge. Disconnectedness can be seen between parts-affecting the whole, embodied as intents as well as outcomes through tools of planning, administrative, legal, political and economic choices. This leads us to enquire how we can retain decision-making power within the democratic realm and strengthen the role of local bodies in megacities. Unpacking the dynamics of decentralized governance is critical across megacities globally, as cities continue to seek autonomy not just in functioning but identity and influence, in the network of global flows.
APONTAMENTOS JURÍDICOS SOBRE A PROPRIEDADE HORIZONTAL, SUA ORIGEM E EVOLUÇÃO
Authors: Pedro Ivo Leão Ribeiro Agra Belmonte
Published: August 2021

A origem do condomínio edilício (propriedade horizontal), relevante para sua caracterização atual, ainda suscita controvérsias entre juristas brasileiros e portugueses. Enquanto muitos defendem que o fenômeno social e jurídico surge na antiguidade, outros apontam indícios de surgimento na Idade Média, e outros ainda compreendem se tratar de fenômeno da Modernidade (e das grandes codificações) ou mesmo próprio da contemporaneidade e do crescimento vertical dos centros urbanos no século XX. Conquanto se possa questionar a natureza dos institutos análogos ao longo da história, relacionados à superposição de propriedades numa mesma edificação, inequivocamente despontam de interesse jurídico para a formação daquilo que hoje se conhece como propriedade horizontal. Neste estudo, empreendido a partir da análise da dogmática jurídica luso-brasileira (notadamente do século XX, em toda sua extensão, e do século XXI), bem como da legislação brasileira e portuguesa desde as ordenações do Reino (comum a ambos os países) até a atualidade, pretende-se, primeiramente, demonstrar as similaridades do regime jurídico da propriedade horizontal nos dois países, para, em seguida, investigar algumas das formas apontadas como embrionárias do condomínio edilício, destacando-se sua maior regulação a partir do Código Napoleônico e seu surgimento com os caracteres e requisitos atualmente típicos a partir das legislações contemporâneas.
DIREITO À PRIVACIDADE DO EMPREGADO E A LIBERDADE DE GESTÃO EMPRESARIAL
Authors: Araújo Oliveira Élvio
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo possui como tema central o controle das comunicações eletrônicas pelo empregador no ambiente laboral. O objetivo do trabalho é realizar a análise crítico-reflexiva do regime de proteção do direito à privacidade do empregado, em confronto com o direito à liberdade de gestão empresarial. A metodologia aplicada foi descritiva e explicativa, por meio da coleta de dados na doutrina, legislação e jurisprudência. Com a investigação verifica-se que os critérios da transparência, finalidade e proporcionalidade devem ser balizadores no controle das mensagens pelo empregador de forma a compatibilizar o direito fundamental do trabalhador à reserva da intimidade da vida privada e o poder diretivo do empregador, por meio da ponderação de interesses. Conclui-se que, apesar das novas formas de controle empresarial advindas das tecnologias da informática, o ordenamento jurídico português e, em especial, a jurisprudência tem trilhado no sentido de proteger de forma adequada a confidencialidade das mensagens eletrônicas do empregado.
PRINCÍPIOS ELEITORAIS E OS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS
Authors: Jorge de Carvalho Maia Ana Beatriz
Published: August 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os princípios do direito eleitoral, tanto os constitucionais quando os da propaganda, e sua relação com o exercício dos direitos fundamentais. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa documental, bibliográfica e empírica, utilizando-se de material já publicado. Quantos aos procedimentos, foi utilizado o método qualitativo na análise e o dedutivo na aplicação aos casos práticos. Em um primeiro momento se fez necessário tecer comentários acerca da normatividade dos princípios, com o estudo da divisão das normas em regras e princípios, conforme ensina Dworkin. Em seguida foi abordado em linhas gerais os aspectos dos direitos fundamentais e esclarecer qual a sua relação com os princípios. Como tópico principal foi discorrido acerca dos princípios constitucionais eleitorais sob a ótica da dinâmica dialética citada. No mais, foi discorrido sobre o conceito e os princípios da propaganda eleitoral e seus reflexos direto no exercício da cidadania, da representatividade e o do Estado Democrático de Direito por meio da influência ao voto e sobre a tutela empregada na propaganda eleitoral. Os principais resultados encontrados apontam para o entendimento de que o voto é um direito constitucional protegido pelos princípios eleitorais, não podendo sofrer influências danosas que possam prejudicar a liberdade de expressão do cidadão, por meio de propaganda enganosa ou fake news, pois se trata de um direito absoluto, não admitindo-se o eleitor seja induzido a erro.
FUNÇÃO HERMENÊUTICA DO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL À BOA GOVERNANÇA
Authors: Carneiro Bezerra Pinto Coelho Claudio , Quentin Marcelo
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo busca apresentar o conteúdo hermenêutico do Direito Fundamental à Boa Governança. Para tanto, inicialmente aborda a ideia de governança, partindo da influência que esse conceito sofreu do seu antecessor, isto é, de governabilidade. Fixado o conceito, desenvolve-se uma investigação sobre a formação do conteúdo jurídico do direito à boa governança, como cláusula geral a introduzir no sistema de controle de políticas públicas, aspectos finalísticos, procedimentais e econômicos. Mais à frente destaca o conteúdo do direito à boa governança com status de direito fundamental, calcado na Carta de Direitos Fundamentais da Europa (Carte de Nice), no caso específico dos países europeus do bloco, e ainda, como direito fundamental implícito, no caso brasileiro, tendo como escopo os seu aspecto democrático e republicano. Por fim, revela-se o conteúdo hermenêutico do direito fundamental à boa governança, propondo-se a identificação de que tal função hermenêutica, implementada pelo Poder Judiciário, deve estar centrada dentro de um binômio limitativo. De um lado, o controle proativo finalístico e procedimental por parte do Poder Judiciário e, de outro, como ponto limitador desta atuação, a autocontenção judicial em matérias de puro mérito administrativo.
ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF INTRODUCTION OF ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FIELD OF FOOD PRODUCTION
Authors: Meliashchenia A. , Shakel T. , Kimoshevskaya O.
Published: August 2021

The possible directions of the use of 3D-technologies in food production are presented depending on economic entities and areas of application. The main economic benefits and advantages of using additive technologies in food production are systematized, as well as the constraints of their implementation.
DETERMINATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF CULINARY PRODUCTS PRODUCTION USING MIXTURES AND EMULSIONS FOR ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Meliaschenya A. , Kaltovich I. , Pinchuk G.
Published: August 2021

The article presents the results of research on the determination of rational technological parameters for the production of culinary products using dry

mixtures and emulsions based on animal raw materials for additive technologies. It was found that when making products using mixtures and emulsions based on broiler chicken meat, as well as a combination of broiler chicken meat and pork, pork and beef (ratio 1:1) rational height of the layer, which makes it possible to ensure stability and safety of the product shape (with a fixed diameter of the opening of the culinary syringe – 7 mm and the optimal length of the layer - 100 mm), is from 14–21 mm (with a layer width of 7 mm) and up to 133–154 mm (with a layer width of 98 mm), which allows for improved structural and mechanical (SSL – 1090.7–1099.9 Pa) and

functional and technological indicators of these products (WHC – 92.7–97.5%). The rational sequence of application and the duration of chopping of the main and auxiliary raw materials for the manufacture of emulsions, the duration of

preparation (3 minutes), the degree of hydration (1:2 – 1:3) and the temperature of water for the reduction of dry mixtures

(60±1° C) were established, which made it possible to develop technological schemes for the production of culinary products using additive technologies.
MODERN TECHNOLOGICAL FEATURES
OF MAKING SAUSAGE PRODUCTS WITH SMOKING WITH WET SMOKE AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
Authors: Germanovich O.
Published: August 2021

The features of the modern technological process of making smoked sausage products are studied. In industrial conditions was carried out the adjustment of optimum modes of heat treatment of

raw smoked sausages with Smoking with wet smoke at high temperatures was carried out. Studies of quality and safety indicators of manufactured samples were conducted. On the basis of the conducted research, a standard technological instruction is being developed for the production of raw smoked sausage products according to the technical conditions.
GENETIC TYPING OF LEUCONOSTOC MESENTEROIDES USING PCR
Authors: Biruk A. , Tarashkevich Y. , Furik N.
Published: August 2021

We studied the possibility of using RAPD-PCR with primers: ERIC1R-1, ERIC2-1, BOXA1R, BOXA2R and Rep-PCR with primers P15, P16, XD8, XD9, RAPD-mes, (GTG)5 to identify genetic heterogeneity of 9 strains and 8 isolates of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Three clusters of cultures with a high level of bootstrap support were identified as a result of phylogenetic analysis obtained when typing Leuconostoc. The obtained results indicate the possibility of revealing genetic differences in the profile of the generated amplicons among Leuconostoc mesenteroides strains using the combined methods of Rep-PCR and RAPD-PCR.
Pengaruh Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematika Melalui Model Pembelajaran Think Pair Share (TPS)
Authors: Mernawati Mernawati , Harahap Yenni Novita , Susanti Rika
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh dan peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematika siswa melalui model pembelajaran Think Pair Share (TPS). Penelitian dilakukan di pada siswa kelas VIII Sekolah SMP Setia Budi Abasi Perbaungan dengan sampel dua kelas yaitu VIII-A dan VIII-B. Yang menjadi variabel terikat adalah kemampuan komunikasi dan yang menjadi variabel bebas adalah model pembelajaran Think Pair Share. Penelitian ini menggunakan Uji Normalitas dan Uji Homogenitas sebagai uji prasyarat serta uji N-Gain untuk melihat pengaruh dan peningkatannya. Hasil analisis data dari penelitian ini menunjukan data yang diperoleh berbentuk normalitas dan homogen dan tingkat kemampuan komunikasi matematika melalui model pembelajaran Think Pair Share lebih tinggi 0.09% dibandingkan kelas yang menggunakan model Pembelajaran Konvensional. Dengan demikian model pembelajaran Think Pair Share dapat meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematika siswa dengan katagori sangat tinggi yaitu 0,98 %.
Penerapan Strategi Pembelajaran Aktif Tipe Index Card Match (ICM) Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematik
Authors: Giawa Yulina
Published: August 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan ICM dalam meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematik siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Classroom Action Research (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas) dengan dua siklus. Penelitian ini mengambil subjek siswa kelas VIII SMP Swasta BNKP Luzamanu yang berjumlah 32 siswa. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik tes dan non tes. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan soal cerita dan observasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil bahwa penggunaan strategi pembelajaran Index Card Match (ICM) dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematik siswa untuk menyelesaikan soal cerita pada mata pelajaran matematika kelas VIII SMP Swasta BNKP Luzamanu. Hal tersebut dapat dibuktikan dari meningkatnya kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematik siswa dari kondisi awal (pra siklus) yaitu dengan rata-rata 6,6  menjadi 7,47 pada siklus I dan pada kondisi akhir siklus II rata-ratanya menjadi 8,88. Persentase jumlah siswa yang mencapai KKM meningkat dari kondisi awal 21,88%, meningkat menjadi 45,75% pada evaluasi siklus I dan menjadi 78,13% pada evaluasi siklus II.
Volatility Modelling of Stock Returns in the Petroleum Marketing Sector of the Nigerian Stock Exchange
Authors: Toby Adolphus , Austen Glory
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Financial markets play key role in the growth and sustainability of the economy. However, high levels of volatility in the markets may adversely affect the financial system and weaken the economy.

Purpose: This paper examined the presence of volatility in the stock returns of the petroleum marketing sector of the Nigerian Stock Exchange using ten petroleum marketing firms quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange for a period of twenty-four months that is from January 2017 to December 2018.

Methodology: The study adopted empirical research design using time series data where ordinary least squares was employed to run the analysis through the use of ARCH/GARCH models.

Findings: Among other results, it was seen that a unit increase in volatility (VLT) will lead to 0.006916 decrease in stock returns (STR). Also, the result of R-squared implies that about eight per cent (8%) of the changes in stock returns (STR) is captured by volatility (VLT) while the remaining ninety-two per cent (92%) of the variation in the model is captured by the error term. The ARCH effect observed is statistically significant. The coefficient of the GARCH effect which is significantly positive at 5% shows that past volatility of stock market return is significant and has effect on current volatility.

Unique Contribution to theory, Practice and Policy: The implication of this is that an increase in volatility is linked to a significant increase of returns, which is an expected result and thus conforms to economic theory. The results of static and dynamic forecasting of GARCH volatility showed that the volatility is stable. As a result, investors can hold the stock. Among other things, the author recommends that Government should make sufficient regulatory effort that will improve efficiency of stocks performance and reduce volatility aimed at boosting investors’ confidence in the petroleum marketing sector and since the various ARCH and GARCH models showed volatility movement in stock returns, Nigerian government should look for new ways to diversify the economy from dependence on oil and explore other sectors like manufacturing sector and agricultural sector to reduce volatility in the economy and the overall effect on it.