bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elektronik Sınav Sistemlerine Yönelik Siber Saldırılara Karşı Önleyici Yöntemler: LEUKOLION Örneği
Authors: AKASLAN Dursun
Published: June 2021

Yeni Koronavirüs Hastalığına karşı alınan tedbirler kapsamında ülkemizde 16 Mart 2020 tarihinden itibaren orta ve yükseköğretimde eğitim ve öğretimin mümkün olduğunca kesintiye uğramadan uzaktan öğretim yöntemiyle devam etmesi kararlaştırılmıştır. Uzaktan öğretim ile birlikte hem ortaöğretim hem yükseköğretim de sürekliliğin sağlanabilmesi için yeni araçlar ve yöntemlerin tasarlanması, üretilmesi ve geliştirilmesi ihtiyacı hasıl olmuştur. Hem resmi hem de özel eğitim ve öğretim kurumları çözüm olarak sahip oldukları altyapılara göre elektronik öğretim (ör., EBA TV), çevrimiçi öğretim (ör., YÖK Dersleri Platformu.) ve eşzamanlı öğretim (ör., Zoom) ortamlarını günlük hayatımızın bir parçası haline getirmişlerdir. Aynı zamanda, ölçme ve değerlendirme etkinlikleri de etkilenmiş olup sınavların elektronik ortamda gözetimli yapılamaması neticesinde ertelenmesi veya iptal olmasına sebep olmuştur. Çözüm olarak TÜBİTAK desteğiyle uzaktan öğretim yoluyla verilen derslerin ölçme ve değerlendirme faaliyetlerinin hem gözetimli hem de gözetimsiz olarak elektronik ortamda yapılması için Leukolion olarak adlandırılan bir elektronik sınav sistemi geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Leokulion örneğinde elektronik sınav sistemlerine yönelik siber saldırı ve caydırıcı yöntemleri analiz etmektir. Günümüzde çok çeşitli siber saldırı yöntemleri bulunmasına rağmen çalışmada en yaygın olan kaba kuvvet saldırısı, dağıtılmış hizmet aksatma saldırısı, siteler arası komut çalıştırma saldırısı ve yapılandırılmış sorgu dili püskürtme saldırısı olarak bilinen yöntemler incelenerek caydırıcı yöntemler geliştirilmiştir.
The usage pattern and willingness of undergraduate medical
students for including social media platforms as a learning
tool in medical education- an online survey
Authors: Kashif Momin , Baig Mirza Nisar
Published: June 2021

Background: The rapid growth and availability of smartphones
and social media platforms (SMP) have changed the medical
students' approach to learn and manage the information about
their academic, personal and professional lives.
Methods: An online survey was done in undergraduate medical
students of PIMS, Karimnagar to collect information about
usage pattern and perception of SMP, and willingness to
participate for using SMP as a learning tool in medical
education.
Results: Total 433 (Females – 275) out of 600 students
participated in the survey from the first year (125), secondyear (151) and third-year (157) MBBS students. Everyone is
using some type of SMP. They find SMP nearly equal to lecture
materials and subject notes as a useful learning tool and there
was significantly increasing trend of perception of SMP being
a useful learning tool from the first-year (79%), second-year
(83%) to third-year (92%), (p=0.01). Almost 93% want to see
SMP used at institute level in medical education. Female
students (52.4%) are significantly more willing for active
participation than male students (43%), p=0.04. First-year
students (56%) are more ready for active participation followed
by third (48.4%) and second (43.7%) year students, p=0.08.
Conclusion: Most students are willing to include SMP in
medical education as a learning tool and ready to participate
in different activities if they get the required training. As all
students have smartphones and efficiently utilizing different
services on their devices, SMP can become an effective learning
tool in medical education.
Evaluation of Thyroid Function Status in Polycystic
Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Harmain syeda sobia , Khan Mohammed Inayatullah
Published: June 2021

Background: PCOS is very commonly seen in young females
with chronic anovulatory cycles. It is manifested by features of
hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries. The risk of insulin
resistance is greater in patients with PCOS. There is also a
greater incidence of type 2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular
diseases in patients with PCOS. There are associated endocrinal
abnormalities with PCOS most common of which include
hypothyroidism. Therefore we in the present study tried to
evaluate the existence of hypothyroidism in patients with PCOS
in the patients reporting to our Hospital.
Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department
of Obstetrics and gynecology, MGM Hospital and Kakatiya
Medical College, Warangal. Institutional Ethical committee
permission was obtained for the study. The duration of the
study was from January 2018 to May 2019. N=30 patients were
detected with PCOS during the study period. A similar number
of age-matched controls without PCOS were taken for
comparison. Anthropometric measurements were made for
BMI, waist-hip ratio calculation. TSH, FSH, LH, and Testosterone
were estimated by Chemiluminescence ImmunoAssay (CLIA)
technique.
Results: The Mean Bodyweight 62.17 Vs 49.33 Kgs, The mean
BMI was 24.03 Vs 22.48 Kg/m2. The mean TSH values were
5.33 Vs 2.51 µIU/ml. The mean FSH values were 12.27 Vs 8.49
µIU/ml the mean LH was 4.27 Vs 10.49 µIU/ml and the mean
Testosterone levels were 69.73 Vs 9.28 ng/ml.
Conclusion: The present study concludes that patients with
PCOS have a greater frequency of thyroid dysfunctions
including other endocrinal abnormalities. Accordingly, those
diagnosed with PCOS must undergo complete endocrinal
investigations. This can help to identify the co-existing
endocrinal abnormalities and treatment is given accordingly
to prevent morbidity and mortality
OPTIMIZATION OF REMOVAL EFFICIENCY AND ABSORPTION CAPACITY OF DYESTUFFS BY ASPERGILLUS SP. USING MANOVA
Authors: MALKOÇ Semra , YAZICI Berna , ŞİMŞEK Mukaddes
Published: June 2021

Fungi is widely found on air, soil, water and organic substances in nature. Unlike single-celled bacteria, fungi form multicellular structures, sometimes even visible to the naked eye. In studies of Aspergillus sp. removal and dye removal in order to obtain information, examinations are made by painting. Basic dyes, when ionized, are charged with positive electricity. Basic dyes include malachite green, methyl violet, crystal violet, and basic fuchsin. The aim of this research is to determine the effects of different factors on the parameters of absorption capacity and the removal efficiency of malachite green, methyl violet, crystal violet and basic fuchsin from Aspergillus sp. The data analyzed using Minitab statistical software. MANOVA used as the statistical analysis. It is concluded that the temperature and initial concentration have significant effect on removal efficiency and absorption capacity.
Necati Cumalı’nın Zeliş (Tütün Zamanı) Romanında Yapı ve İzlek
Authors: ANTAKYALI Banu
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışma 20. yüzyıl Türk edebiyatının önemli yazarlarından biri olan Necati Cumalı’nın Zeliş (Tütün Zamanı) adlı romanını olay örgüsü, şahıs kadrosu, zaman, mekân, bakış açısı, izlek gibi yapısal / teknik ögeler bağlamında odağa almaktadır. Şiir, roman, hikâye, tiyatro ve deneme gibi türlerde eserleri bulunan, sürekli okuyan, yazan, üretken bir yazar olan Necati Cumalı’nın ilk romanı Zeliş (Tütün Zamanı), iki gencin aşkları üzerinde yaratılan tüm baskı mekanizmalarına karşı bu uğurda verdikleri mücadeleyi ana eksene yerleştirerek Urla’nın sosyal, ekonomik, kültürel hayatı ve tütün ekicilerinin yaşamlarını konu edinir. Çevresinde olup biten her şeye karşı duyarlı olan yazar, keskin gözlem gücüyle bunları eserlerinde yazılacak birer malzemeye dönüştürür. Yazarın Anadolu’nun çeşitli yerlerinde avukatlık yaptığı yıllarda yaşadığı, tanıklık ettiği hikâyelerin duygu ve düşünce dünyasında yeni ufuklar açmasıyla birlikte o hikâyelerden esinlenerek kaleme aldığı anlatılarından biri olan Tütün Zamanı, başkişi Zeliş’in şahsında ve tek bir olay örgüsü etrafında bireysel bir temayı, aşkı ele alır. Eserlerinde bireysel temadan hareketle sosyal temalara da yer veren yazar, bu romanında da köy / kasaba insanının sıkıntılarını, yaşam mücadelesini içeriden, gözlem gücü yüksek bir bakış ve canlı ifadelerle anlatır. Özellikle çocukluk ve gençlik yıllarının geçtiği ve yazarın ifadesiyle “eserlerinin dekoru”nu oluşturan ve neredeyse tüm yapıtlarında ortaklaşan bir mekân olan Urla, bu romanda da işlevsel bir rol üstlenerek aşk ve diğer kişisel ilişkilerin yanı sıra tıpkı yaşayan bir karaktermişçesine canlı ve ayrıntılı tasvirlerle anlatılır. Kadın – erkek arasındaki ilişkide yeni bir kadın kimliğini temsil eden ve direnciyle kendisini var eden bir kadını ön plana çıkaran Zeliş (Tütün Zamanı) adlı roman, aşkın deneyimlenmesi konusunda kadın karakter ile erkek karakter arasındaki farklara vurgu yapar. Bu çalışma, söz konusu vurgu ve yeni kadın kimliği üzerinden Zeliş (Tütün Zamanı) adlı romanı, bakış açısı ve anlatıcı düzlemi, olay örgüsü, zaman, mekân, şahıs kadrosu ve izleksel kurgu açısından incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
TAŞA YAZILAN ZAFER, ANTALYA İÇKALE SURLARINDAKİ SELÇUKLU FETİHNÂMESİ
Authors: KILIÇ Serkan
Published: June 2021

Günümüze kadar Antalya’nın tarihi ve kültürel değerleri üzerine birçok çalışma yapılmıştır ve yapılmaya da devam etmektedir. 2008 yılında yayımlanmış olan bu çalışma; özellikle fetihnâme metinin birçok kısmı için yeni okumalar önermekte, daha önceki araştırmacılardan olan Tevhid ve Erten’in çözemediği veya onların zamanında erişilemeyen ama daha sonra günışığına çıkarılan yeni metinleri okuyucu sunmaktadır. Aynı zamanda metni, mimari ve kent dokusu çerçevesinde sunuyor, okuyuculara mimari form ile içkale surlarında dikkat çeken konumda dizilmiş devşirme mimari unsurlar ve bunlardan bazıları üzerine yazılmış metinler üzerine açıklamalarda bulunarak bir tartışma ortamı yaratmaktadır.
Usporedba razine znanja među učenicima Zdravstvene škole Split i studenata Sestrinstva Sveučilišnog odjela zdravstvenih studija u Splitu o kardiopulmonalnoj reanimaciji
Authors: Elez Diana , Orlandini Rahela , Lojpur Mihajlo , Marendić Mario
Published: June 2021

Cilj: Usporediti znanja učenika Zdravstvene škole Split i studenata Sveučilišnog odjela zdravstvenih studija u Splitu o kardio-pulmonalnoj reanimaciji.
Metode: U ovom istraživanju sudjelovalo je 186 ispitanika, 94 studenta i 92 učenika. Korišten je mjerni instrument upitnik CAEPCR. Čimbenici uključenja ispitanika bili su dob >18 godina, bez dodatnih čimbenika isključenja.
Rezultati: Zbrajanjem ispravnih odgovora u pitanjima znanja, dokazali smo statističku značajnu razliku prema ukupnom zbroju ispravnih odgovora na pitanja znanja između učenika i studenata (Z=2,96; r=0,217; P=0,003). Medijan ukupnog zbroja točnih odgovora u učenika Zdravstvene škole Split iznosi 6, a u studenata na Sveučilišnom odjelu zdravstvenih studija u Splitu iznosi 5. Postoji statistički značajna, slaba negativna korelacija ukupnog zbroja pozitivnih odgovora sa životnom dobi ispitanika (ρ=-0,195; P=0,008). Raspodjela ukupnog zbroja ispravnih odgovora na pitanja znanja prema 5 formiranih skupina statistički se značajno razlikovala između ustanova.
Zaključak: S obzirom na dobivene rezultate možemo zaključiti da je razina znanja veća kod ispitanika Zdravstvene srednje škole u odnosu na studente Sveučilišnog odjela zdravstvenih studija u Splitu. Tom rezultatu doprinosi razlika u provedenoj eduka-ciji prikazana u nastavnim planovima i programima. Zbog razlike u edukaciji odnosno u trajanju edukacije i vremena protijeka od edukacije, potrebno je provesti daljnje detaljnije istraživanje o utjecaju tih čimbenika na znanje.
A digitalização dos meios de pagamento: o pix e as central bank digital currencies em perspectiva comparada
Authors: Kosinski Daniel Santos
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Este artigo busca situar o Pix, o sistema digital de pagamentos instantâneos instituído pelo Banco Central do Brasil em novembro de 2020, no contexto global do avanço da digitalização dos meios de pagamento nos últimos anos. Esse fenômeno se manifesta na rápida disseminação das plataformas privadas para pagamentos online, no surgimento de milhares de criptomoedas descentralizadas como o bitcoin e na recente proposta de instituição das chamadas Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), ou moedas digitais dos bancos centrais. Nesse sentido, pretende-se contrastar o Pix com essas moedas visando identificar suas semelhanças e diferenças. Método: Este artigo realiza uma análise bibliográfica introdutória sobre o tema da digitalização dos meios de pagamento e, em seguida, desenvolve uma análise comparativa entre os regulamentos do Pix e algumas propostas de CBDCs. Resultado: A comparação desenvolvida revela que, apesar de algumas semelhanças, o Pix apresenta diferenças cruciais e determinantes em relação às CBDCs. Assim, ele não pode ser considerado uma delas, muito embora a sua origem governamental implica em que também não seja uma mera plataforma de pagamentos online. Conclusões: O Pix é um meio digital distinto e “híbrido” de pagamento que combina as características funcionais das plataformas de pagamentos online com as propriedades jurídico-políticas de uma CBDC. Em todo caso, a sua criação expressa o intuito do Banco Central do Brasil em assegurar o seu controle político sobre o processo de digitalização dos meios de pagamento no Brasil.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pix. Central Bank Digital Currencies. Banco Central do Brasil. Meios de pagamento. Digitalização.
VRIENDELIJKE HUISGEZELLEN OF ‘INGEVLEESCHDE’ DUIVELS
Authors: Honings Rick
Published: June 2021

FRIENDLY COMPANIONS OR ‘CORRODED’ DEVILS

Willem Bilderdijk and the animals

In 1817 the Dutch poet Willem Bilderdijk published De dieren (The animals), one of his shortest but less studied didactic poems. In this work he presented a curious view on animals and their origins. With this article, I would like to contribute to the field of animal studies, by analyzing Bilderdijk’s ideas on and his contacts with animals. The first part of this article presents a biographical overview of Bilderdijk’s association with animals on the basis of available (auto)biographical texts. In the second part his didactic poem is analysed. What parallels can be drawn between both perspectives?
DE REDACTEUR EN HET BUITENLAND
Authors: Egelmeers Wouter , Vandendriessche Joris
Published: June 2021

IMPORTING TEXTS FROM ABROAD

Editors’ reuse of foreign historical texts in Dutch periodicals, 1780-1860

This article explores the ways in which the editors of five Dutch history journals and three magazines for general circulation copied historical texts from abroad, between 1780 and 1860. By comparing original texts with reprinted versions, we show that the editors’ work involved not only ‘passive’ duplication (reprinting in full), but also more active forms of intervention, from the selection of text fragments to their translation, modification or critical review. These varied editorial practices point to a broader creative process through which historical knowledge was tailored to an emerging and nationally-oriented academic audience. Editors here assumed the role of mediators, gatekeepers even in the sense that their judgment determined the very choice of texts. At a time when the study of history was evolving at both the national and international level, and when the relationship between actors making up the disciplinary field was also in flux, editors thus became influential figures.
EEN POPULAIRE ARISTOCRAAT
Authors: van Boven Erica
Published: June 2021

A POPULAR ARISTOCRAT. ARTHUR VAN SCHENDEL AND THE READING PUBLIC IN THE 1930S

In Dutch literary culture of the first half of the twentieth century, intellectual elite and general public were not only separate, but even opposite categories. ‘Highbrow’ and ‘middlebrow’ held polarized positions in matters of cultural hierarchy and literary taste, which led to fierce debates. Strikingly, one author was able to bridge this gap: Arthur van Schendel (1874-1946) appealed both ends of the spectrum and thus had an exceptional, connecting role in the cultural divides of the interwar period. This article analyses the responses to Van Schendels so-called ‘Dutch novels’ in order to find out what made Arthur van Schendel highly valued by leading professionals as well as loved by the reading audience.
Alles andere als „Kinderkram“
Authors: Heumer Wolfgang
Published: June 2021

Bausätze: Jahrzehntelang war „Lego“ ein Synonym für Klemmbausteine fürs Kinderzimmer. Doch mittlerweile ist das Bausatzangebot vielfältig, die Konkurrenz groß und der Anspruch an die Produkte hoch geworden. Von Wolfgang Heumer
Zakonska pretpostavka krivice u srpskom obligacionom pravu
Authors: Nikolić Đorđe
Published: June 2021

Subjective tort liability, or subjective non-contractual liability, presupposes damage, causation, and fault. All three conditions are to be proven by the injured party, because fault for damage is not presumed – the system of proven fault. Certain legal systems include a rebuttable presumption of fault, which transfers the burden of proof to the tortfeasor – the system of presumed fault. While the system of proven fault certainly prevails, the system of presumed fault is accepted in fewer legislations. The paper gives a historical overview of the application of the system of proven fault as well as an exposition of the solutions in Yugoslav law before and after the adoption of the 1978 Law on Contracts and Torts, followed by a critical analysis of the systems of proven and presumed fault. After summing up their distinct features, in the concluison the author emphasizes the advantages of the system where fault is presumed.
Mídias tradicional versus digital na concepção arquitetônica e seus reflexos na cognição
Authors: De Carvalho Gisele Lopes , Dantas Ney De Brito
Published: June 2021

Esta pesquisa objetiva relacionar os processos cognitivos dos arquitetos durante a concepção arquitetônica usando as mídias tradicionais e digitais. Dados empíricos foram coletados a partir da: (1) filmagem de dois grupos de sujeitos usando ambas as mídias a fim de executar duas tarefas isomórficas (projetos); (2) questionários e (3) análise dos protocolos verbais retrospectivos dessas tarefas. Esses grupos foram observados no Brasil e na Inglaterra. A análise de um esquema de códigos do comportamento projetual dos sujeitos (segmentações e categorias de ações cognitivas) possibilitou um estudo relacional da atividade projetual em termos das ações cognitivas primitivas adotadas pelos sujeitos nas duas mídias. Os resultados indicaram que a mídia tradicional ainda apresenta vantagens sobre a mídia digital devido tanto às limitações do estado da arte de hardware e software quanto à falta de compreensão e domínio da ferramenta computacional por parte do usuário. Algumas vantagens relacionadas ao uso da mídia tradicional foram: (1) fornecer ao arquiteto um suporte melhor à percepção dos aspectos visuais e espaciais e das relações organizacionais do projeto; (2) produzir mais soluções alternativas (transformações laterais) evitando cristalizações prematuras de soluções projetuais e (3) uma melhor compreensão do problema projetual.
Simulação em Ambiente Virtual e Percepção Ambiental: Projeto Participativo de uma Sala de Aula do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Falcão Christianne Soares , Bento Jéssica Carvalho
Published: June 2021

Ao compreender a importância do ambiente da sala de aula como facilitador da aprendizagem intelectual e a formação de valores do indivíduo, a elaboração de um projeto participativo, no qual o usuário possa propor ideias, se torna essencial para um planejamento mais adequado. Este artigo propõe a simulação em ambiente virtual como ferramenta para análise da percepção de um grupo de crianças sobre o projeto de uma sala de aula. Por meio do uso da técnica de Seleção Visual e produção de mapas mentais, foram gerados resultados para o processo de planejamento de uma sala de aula próxima ao que foi eluciado pelas crianças. Os resultados comprovaram a viabilidade das técnicas propostas na investigação e representação de soluções de projeto pelo arquiteto.
Interdisciplinaridade na arquitetura: A maquete como instrumento articulador no processo de ensino-aprendizagem.
Authors: Ferrer Nicole , Reithler Luíza
Published: June 2021

O desenvolvimento de um repertório projetual próprio no aluno é um dos principais objetivos no Ensino Superior de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Para tanto, uma das formas mais vantajosas de fornecer essa capacidade de análise é através da utilização da maquete, já que, para o bom desenvolvimento do protótipo, o acadêmico, além de juntar todas as informações necessárias, deve organizá-las de maneira a reproduzi-las na ordem correta. Deste modo, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo levantar uma discussão pedagógica-metodológica através de uma experiência de interdisciplinaridade entre disciplinas de teoria e prática em conjunto com o uso de ferramentas tradicionais de representação do espaço. Através de um laboratório de pesquisa, a maquete física configurou-se como ferramenta essencial na articulação da concepção do espaço, fazendo com que esta sirva como contribuição ao processo de projeto.
Ensino de Diagramas para Projeto: Relato do ensino do método diagramático em projetos de arquitetura e design de interiores.
Authors: De Carvalho Igor Villares , Ferrer Nicole
Published: June 2021

O aprendizado de projeto de arquitetura é um processo contínuo durante a formação do estudante. A utilização de meios de expressão gráfica, aliados ao estudo da plástica, são ferramentas que o professor tem para transmitir os métodos e conhecimentos necessários para a construção das habilidades projetuais do estudante. O uso de diagramas na arquitetura moderna e contemporânea apresenta-se como importante instrumento projetual, utilizado com bastante relevância desde os trabalhos da Bauhaus, nos anos 20, e ganhando considerável relevância nos anos 80 e 90 como definidores das ações de projeto. Neste contexto, o presente artigo apresenta a experiência, métodos de ensino e resultados obtidos pelos alunos do curso de extensão intitulado “Diagramas para projeto arquitetônico”, ministrado no Centro Universitário Brasileiro, em RecifePE. O artigo também discute as questões mais conflituosas no ensino de diagramas e seu papel como apoio ao ensino de projeto de arquitetura.
CADERNO DE CROQUIS E SUA UTILIZAÇÃO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO CRIATIVO
Authors: Diniz Luciana , Da Cunha Carolina , Marins Igor
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho apresenta uma experiência didática desenvolvida na Escola de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da UFF. O projeto de monitoria, no qual o artigo se baseia, consiste na elaboração de uma apostila sobre caderno de croquis e na análise da prática do croqui no desenvolvimento criativo dos alunos da disciplina Expressão Gráfica. O caderno de croqui é relevante em diversas profissões, em especial na arquitetura e no urbanismo. Este artigo expõe diversas maneiras de se adquirir um caderno. Em sequência, apresenta a divisão de três categorias de desenho que têm mais decorrência nas representações dos arquitetos: desenhos de figura humana, de vegetação e de arquitetura. Cada categoria é dissertada quanto a sua utilidade nas representações e nas técnicas de esboço relacionadas. Dando sequência, há amostras de croquis de alguns arquitetos renomados e dos alunos da disciplina. A análise da prática do croqui no desenvolvimento dos alunos foi feita a partir da distribuição de cadernos confeccionados pela monitora e aplicação dos exercícios da Apostila de Diagramação elaborada por Matheus Freire Bastos, também monitor no ano de 2013. Tais exercícios têm relação com a temática da aula, portanto servem como ferramenta de aquecimento para a atividade principal aplicada no dia.
AS MARCAS CONTEMPORÂNEAS E SUAS PECULIARIDADES GRÁFICAS
Authors: De Souza André , Grimaldi Madalena
Published: June 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma análise das transformações nas últimas décadas detrês marcas brasileiras bem conhecidas. Procurou-se mostrar como suascaracterísticas gráficas atuais fazem dessas representações uma amostra dastendências estéticas contemporâneas no campo do desenvolvimento deidentidades visuais. Realizou-se também uma breve reflexão quanto à linguagemvisual que esses desenhos podem assumir no futuro.
DESENHO E PESQUISA: INTERAÇÕES E CONTRIBUIÇÕES EM DIFERENTES ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO
Authors: Queiroz Lilian , Costa Ivoneide , Carneiro Daniela , Maciel Maic
Published: June 2021

Este artigo propõe destacar a relevância do Desenho para formação deestudantes em suas diferentes áreas de atuação na Universidade Estadual deFeira de Santana, na Bahia-Brasil. Baseado na estrutura de interação entre oensino, a pesquisa e a extensão que nutrem o princípio das Universidades,destaca-se a atuação e utilização do Desenho em projetos de pesquisa e sala deaula como elemento potencializador da aprendizagem, contribuindo comatividades práticas na vida acadêmica e profissional dos educandos. Situamosas dificuldades de alunos que não pensavam o desenho como aliado aoprocesso formativo bem como o desenvolvimento por eles alcançado ao longodas atividades propostas.
Promovendo o engajamento de alunos no ensino de desenho técnico através do uso de realidade aumentada
Authors: Parcianello Yussef , Lemos II Dalton Luiz
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho configura-se como um estudo de caso que explora as possibilidades e desafios que envolvem a utilização de Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC), em especial a Realidade Aumentada (RA), como instrumento de promoção do engajamento de alunos no ensino de desenho técnico e desenho assistido por computador. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica abordando a utilização de Realidade Aumentada em sala de aula, pesquisa esta que forneceu uma série de possibilidades e desafios que envolvem a utilização desta tecnologia na prática docente. Além disso, foram também realizadas análises comparativas de diferentes ferramentas de autoria, de diferentes softwares de Desenho Assistido por Computador (ou CAD - Computer Aided Design) e de diferentes tecnologias de RA disponíveis na web, as quais subsidiaram as escolhas realizadas nesta pesquisa. Este artigo contempla também reflexões sobre as possibilidades de uso das TIC e os desafios de sua utilização ao longo da realização desta pesquisa.
GEODÉSICAS NA ARQUITETURA: da representação gráfica à construção em escala natural
Authors: Braida Frederico
Published: June 2021

Este artigo aborda o tema das geodésicas adotadas como objetos arquitetônicos. O principal objetivo é evidenciar as potencialidades que as geodésicas possuem para despertar o interesse de alunos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo para a indissociável relação entre forma geométrica, sistema estrutural e composição plástica. Metodologicamente, este artigo é fruto de uma revisão de literatura, bem como da apresentação de algumas atividades pedagógicas que abrangem desde a representação gráfica até a construção em escala natural de domos geodésicos, para as quais são demandados os conhecimentos sobre a geometria gráfica.
Design sem desenho: a importância relativa do desenho em processos de design
Authors: Cattani Airton , Do Couto e Silva Mariana De Oliveira
Published: June 2021

O desenho é uma ferramenta de representação hegemônica no design,cumprindo um papel fundamental nos processos de projeto, na comunicação ena fabricação de bens de consumo. No entanto, alguns processos de projeto efabricação podem eventualmente relativizar a importância do desenho comoinstância de antecipação, tendo em vista as peculiaridades do processo criativoou produtivo adotado por designers ou fabricantes. Por meio de estudos de caso,este artigo aborda algumas situações em que o desenho não exerce um papelprotagonista no processo de projeto ou produção em design. Para tanto, foramelencadas quatro áreas do design e, por meio de análises de casos específicos,buscou-se investigar o uso do desenho como ferramenta de importância relativaem alguns processos criativos/ produtivos. Os resultados indicam que, em quepese a importância do desenho em processos de projeto e produção em design,eventualmente este papel pode ser relativizado em função das peculiaridades dasáreas e dos processos adotados
Establishment of specifcations of the multiplex real-time PCR kit (NIHE-RealtimePCR hrHPV) for the detection of high-risk HPV genotypes
Authors: Mai Chu Thi Ngoc , Chien Nguyen Van , Dung Luu Thi , Lan Tran Thi Nguyet , Ly Le Thi Khanh , Anh Dang Duc , Trang Nguyen Van
Published: June 2021

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes are the leading causes of anogenital cancer, including cervical cancer. Screening these genotypes will potentially alleviate the disease burden that HPV causes. Therefore, NIHERealtime PCR hrHPV was developed based on the principle of multiplex real-time PCR. The objective of this study is to establish the specifcations of this assay in detecting and identifying 14 high-risk genotypes of HPV. The specifcations of this assay including cross-reactivity, sensitivity and specifcity, the limit of detection and stability, were evaluated with clinical samples, HPV positive control code 06/202 and 06/206 (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control) and in-house plasmids. Four different real-time systems and two commercial assays were applied for comparison. No cross detection of bacteria and viruses related to other genital-anal was observed. The sensitivity and the specifcity of this kit both reached 100% for HPV-18, 92.3% and 100% for HPV-16, and ranged from 90.0% - 100% for the other 12 high-risk genotypes (n = 92) with the detection limit of 5 copies/µl for HPV-16 and HPV-18, and 10 copies/µl for the other 12 high-risk genotypes HPV. This test was stable for up to 12 months under -20oC condition. Equivalent performance was demonstrated on all four real-time systems. Finally, the product was highly comparable with the Sacace kit, Italy (HPV Genotypes 14 Real-™ Quant, V67-100FRT), evaluated by the World Health Organization. The NIHE kit has the potential to be used in the early detection of HPV infection to improve control, prevention and treatment of HPV-related anogenital diseases.
EFFECT OF FLOAT-WEIGHTS ON DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT
Authors: Eruola Abayomi Olayiwola , Makinde Akeem , Eruola Gbenga Adegboyega , Ayoola Kolawole , Nwamini Lugard
Published: June 2021

The use of float method of discharge measurement information in rivers is vital for hydrological analysis, though there is no specific information on the choice of float material to be used for the measurement. A comparison of four float materials having different weight for estimation of stream discharge was carried out on Apakula stream in Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria. Depth and width measurements were carried out by means of a canoe, ropes and graduated metal rod. Velocity measurement was carried out by means of Table tennis egg, Orange, 0.5 and 1 liter plastic bottle partially filled with water and a stop clock. Ten different measurements were carried out at various locations along the river. Data were subjected to one – way ANOVA using the Genstat statistical package discovery edition 3 to determine the weekly mean and standard deviation of estimated discharge records for the stream. Results show significant difference (p < 0.05) in discharge measured with varying weight of floats. It was observed that though the pattern of discharge measured values were similar in all the selected float weight, the discharge increases with decreasing weight of float.
PENERAPAN METODE PROBLEM SOLVING MELALUI ALAT PERAGA TEMPEL POLA KALIMAT (PELPOKA) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENGENAL CERITA PADA SISWA KELAS V TUNARUNGU DI SLB NEGERI TALUN KABUPATEN BLITAR SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN PELAJARAN 2020 /2021
Authors: HARTATI SRI
Published: June 2021

Penelitian Ini Bertujuan Untuk: (1) Mendeskripsikan Penerapan Metode Problem Solving Melalui Alat Peraga Peraga Tempel Pola Kalimat (Pelpoka) Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Tentang Mengenal Kalimat  Pada Siswa Kelas V Tunarungu Di SDLB Negeri Talun Kabupaten Blitar Semester Ganjil  Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021; (2) Mendeskripsikan Penerapan Metode Problem Solving Melalui Alat Peraga Tempel Pola Kalimat (Pelpoka) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Tentang Mengenal Cerita Pada Siswa Kelas V Tunarungu Di Slb Negeri Talun Kabupaten Blitar Semester Ganjil  Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021. Penelitian Ini Dilakukan Pada Semester Ganjil Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021. Materi Tentang Kemampuan Mengenal Kalimat Pada Kelas V Dengan Metode Pembelajaran Problem Solving Melalui Alat Peraga Tempel Pola Kalimat (Pelpoka). Penelitian Ini Menggunakan Desain Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (Ptk). Kesimpulan Penelitian Ini Ialah Sebagai Berikut: (1) Penerapan Metode Problem Solving Melalui Alat Peraga Pelpoka Mempunyai Pengaruh Positif, Yaitu Dapat Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa Yang Ditunjukan Dengan Peningkatan Prosentase Minat Belajar Siswa Dari Siklus I Sebesar 66,00% Dan Meningkat Pada Siklus Ii Menjadi 100%, Artinya Pada Siklus Ini Minat Belajar Kategori Sangat Aktif. Jadi, Dari Siklus I Ke Siklus Ii Ada Peningkatan Minat Belajar Sebesar 25,00%; (2) Hasil Belajar Materi Bahasa Indonesia Pada Materi Pokok Kemampuan Mengenal Cerita  Kelas V Tunarungu Slb Negeri Talun, Kabupaten Blitar Dapat Meningkat Dengan Penerapan Metode Problem Solving Melalui Alat Peraga Tempel Pola Kalimat (Pelpoka). Hal Ini Dapat Dilihat Bahwa Pada Siklus I, Dari 3 Siswa Yang Tuntas Sebanyak 1 Siswa (33%) Dan Yang Belum Tuntas Hanya Sebanyak 2 Siswa (66%).  Sedangkan Pada Siklus Ii, Siswa Yang Tuntas Semua Siswa (100%) Dan Tidak Ada Yang Belum Tuntas (0%). Dari Siklus I Ke Siklus Ii Ada Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Sebesar 66 %.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DARING MELALUI MEDIA GAME EDUKASI QUIZIZ PADA MUATAN PELAJARAN IPA MATERI SIKLUS HIDUP KELAS IV A MIN 1 YOGYAKARTA TAHUN PELAJARAN 2020/2021
Authors: WARIDAH WARIDAH
Published: June 2021

Tujuan penelitian dengan menggunakan Media Game Edukasi Quiziz diharapkan mampu meningkatkan keaktifan siswa melalui penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri atas pre tindakan, tindakan siklus I dan tindakan siklus II. Data yang diambil dalam penelitian ini merupakan data hasil observasi tindakan siklus I dan II serta data pendukung lainnya. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh data telah terjadi perubahan tingkat keaktifan menjadi lebih baik. Hal ini terlihat dari perubahan pembelajaran daring melalui media game edukasi quiziz pada siklus I diperoleh rata-rata siswa yang aktif  50% dari 30 siswa, sedangkan siklus II diperoleh rata-rata 85%. Dengan demikian, Media Game Edukasi Quiziz dalam pembelajaran daring mampu meningkatkan keaktifan  siswa pada muatan pelajaran IPA kelas IV A MIN 1 Yogyakarta tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 sebesar 35%.
A new source of instrumental and phenological data for Catalonia and the Balearics (1895-1908)
Authors: Prohom-Duran Marc J. , Herrero-Anaya Monica
Published: June 2021

Data rescue of instrumental meteorological measurements plays an important role in climate research, as it allows daily-to-decadal variability and changes, including extremes, to be addressed. In this context, long and high-quality series are the most valuable tool, but attention to short series is also needed for extremes evaluation and reanalysis of historical episodes. This need is even more relevant in those geographical areas with a great spatial and temporal variability, like the Mediterranean basin.

Here, we describe a new data source of instrumental and phenological observations for Catalonia (northeast of Iberia) and the Balearics, covering a period from 1894 to 1908 (until 1917 for the city of Barcelona), and known as the “Meteorological Network of Catalonia and the Balearics”. This observational network was the first successful coordinated initiative in Spain and was conducted by the Granja Experimental de Barcelona, an institution created by the Barcelona Provincial Council with the objective of collecting meteorological and phenological data for agronomic studies. The Granja created a network of 51 weather stations, supplying instrumentation and rules of observation to the volunteer observers. Most of the stations provided air temperature, rainfall, and air pressure data, and more detailed information was added since 1898, including sky conditions, or evaporation, with daily and sub-daily reports (twice a day). Regarding phenology, several stations reported various phenophases, such as first leaves, first fruits, fruit ripening and defoliation for plants and trees, and the passage, arrival, and departure of certain birds. The network, although short-lived, marked the beginning of many observatories that continued in later decades, and was the laid the first stone of the Meteorological Service of Catalonia, established in 1921.

Original observations are kept in paper sheets and have been recently digitized (scanned) and catalogued by the current SMC, jointly with additional documentation, such as written correspondence between the observers and the Granja (i.e., a valuable source for metadata) or special reports on intensity and duration of thunderstorms. The digitized documents (4,100 images) will be soon fully available throughout the public website “Digital Memory of Catalonia”, while daily maximum and minimum air temperature and rainfall data has already been extracted and recorded at the SMC database. 
Towards updated national projections for climate adaptation in Norway
Authors: Dyrrdal Anita Verpe , Hygen Hans Olav , Nilsen Irene Brox , Mayer Stephanie
Published: June 2021

In the wake of the 6th assessment report from IPCC due this year, the Norwegian Centre for Climate Services (NCCS) has started a project to update their national climate assessment report Climate in Norway 2100. A major part of this update revolves around the selection of a representative model ensemble for a low, medium and high emission scenario, plus bias adjustment of EURO-CORDEX output and statistical downscaling directly from CMIP6 to the national, and subnational, level. The results will form the natural scientific basis for local climate adaptation in Norway, through the computation of expected changes in selected climate indices on a 1 x 1 km grid covering the Norwegian mainland. 

The new knowledge will also serve to update the much used climate fact sheets (presented at EMS 2016) for Norwegian counties. We aim to develop a map based webtool for the climate fact sheets, consisting of map layers of several climate indices. The user will be able to get tailored fact sheets for a given point or region, generated from a template that merges information from map layers and predefined texts.

The project is divided into five working groups: 1. Historical climate, 2. Modeling, 2. Future climate, 4. Infrastructure, 5. Outreach. In this presentation we will present the organization and plans for the project, as well as details on the model ensemble selection from EURO-CORDEX, based on both CMIP5 and CMIP6, and the methods for downscaling a bias-adjustment to the national level. The updated report is planned to be issued in 2024.
Radiative cooling by clouds affects the precipitation - temperature scaling derived from observations
Authors: Ghausi Sarosh Alam , Kleidon Axel , Ghosh Subimal
Published: June 2021

One direct effect of climate warming on hydrology is the increase in moisture holding capacity of atmosphere at the rate of 7%/°C as suggested by the Clausius Clapeyron equation. Extreme precipitation largely depends on the amount of precipitable water in the atmospheric column and is thus expected to scale with temperature at the same rate. Observations, however, show significant variability in precipitation - temperature scaling rates, with negative scaling dominating in the tropical regions. These scaling relationships assume a one way causality, i.e. temperature is independent of precipitation. However, we show here that temperatures strongly co-vary with precipitation through the effect that clouds have on surface radiation. The presence of clouds associated with precipitation events result in lower solar isolation at the surface, further leading to reduced temperatures. This induces a two-way causality and thus temperature is no longer independent of precipitation. To remove this cooling effect of clouds, we used a surface energy balance model with a thermodynamic constraint to derive clear sky temperatures during precipitation events. We then show using observations from India, that extreme precipitation scaled with clear sky temperatures shows an increase consistent with the CC rate. On contrary, the negative scaling obtained using observed temperatures misrepresent the precipitation response to warming as a result of the co-variation with the cloud radiative effect. Our findings reveal that scaling relationships not only show how precipitation changes with temperature but also how atmospheric conditions associated with precipitation affect temperature. Thus, this covariation needs to be taken into account when using observations to derive scaling relationships that are then used to infer the extreme precipitation response to climate change.
The role of knowledge networks in facilitating the creation of climate information services
Authors: Larosa Francesca , Bruno-Soares Marta
Published: June 2021

Knowledge networks are collections of individuals and teams who work together across organizational, spatial and disciplinary boundaries to invent and share a body of knowledge. Climate services are tools and application that support decision-making by transforming raw climate data into tailored information. They call for co-development practices in place and for successful collaboration between different stakeholders. Knowledge networks for climate services are intermediaries that facilitate the interaction between upstream (providers) and downstream (user) actors operating at various scales (local, national, regional and supranational). They assist the decision-making process of a wide set of users by creating windows of opportunity and by delivering usable climate information. The aim of this work is to frame and assess the efficiency of knowledge networks for climate services in promoting innovation and facilitate its diffusion. First, we characterize knowledge networks learning from insights of a multidisciplinary literature. Second, we analyse the purpose, the process and the audience of each knowledge network for climate services by screening their programmatic documents. We then assess the efficiency of knowledge networks by performing content analysis of interviews with knowledge network managers and by checking for the existence of inconsistencies or gaps with the initial objectives. We find knowledge networks for climate services pursue four objectives: coordination, innovation promotion, science-policy interface and support to members. We also find inadequate tools to monitor the members activities, but a strong positioning within the climate services domain. On the communication side, knowledge networks for climate services mostly interact with developers of climate services but they face challenges in sharing the members’ activities with users. Our work fills a significant knowledge gap and helps providing new tools of performance assessment in absence of a clearly defined methodology. The identification of bottlenecks and under-performing mechanisms in the climate information services sphere allows the elaboration of strategies to improve the status quo and facilitates the diffusion of these innovations.
The Patient's Hay-fever diary: users feedback can improve pollen information
Authors: Simčič Anja , Kofol Seliger Andreja , Koritnik Tom , Cegnar Tanja
Published: June 2021

Background: Pollen information is crucial for effective preventive behaviour of pollen allergy sufferers. In addition to the results of pollen monitoring and weather conditions, feedback from allergic people plays an important role in generating information for the public. A useful tool that gives us an insight into the burden of pollen allergy is the patient’s hay fever diary (PHD), developed by the Vienna Medical University. PHD is freely available online, users enter their location, general well-being, pollen symptoms and medication use.

Methods: This study is based on two databases: 1- PHD data for symptom load index (SLI) calculations, only daily entries from Slovenia were used; 2- National pollen database for three measuring stations: Ljubljana, Maribor and Izola. A five-year period (2014-2018) was analysed. We reviewed the number of monthly entries as an indicator of the time span when most people need pollen information. The focus was on three high allergenic pollen types; birch (Betula), grass (Poaceae) and ragweed (Ambrosia). Annual pollen load (APL) allows us to compare results between years.

Results: 60 % of yearly entries were recorded from March to May, when users reported the most problems with pollen-induced symptoms. In parallel the monthly pollen totals were high. Birch pollen season typically occurs from late March to end of April with May marked by grass pollen season. The highest SLI values were calculated for birch pollen (4,79 – 7,68), with the maximum in the year 2016 when the highest APL was also recorded. SLI for grass pollen season varied from 3,92 to 4,80 and is mostly lower than SLI for birch. SLI slowly decreased after May and rose again in August and September, when ragweed pollen occurs. Results for this non-native species show that SLI was increasing from 2,48 (2014) to 4,55 (2018).

Conclusion: Pollen information is most sought after in the spring, when the highest daily concentrations are recorded. Birch pollen seems to have the highest impact on allergy sufferers, followed by grasses. In the case of ragweed we have noticed that the impact on health was increasing during the analyzed period. A comparison of the calculated SLI with the level of exposure to different pollen types may explain the fluctuations in the occurrence of allergic disease during the course of pollen seasons. Preventive behaviour of allergic persons is only possible with quick and accurate pollen information. Therefore, we started releasing preliminary results with a three-color scale to keep the public informed about the current state of allergens in the atmosphere.  
Day and nighttime observations of water vapor and aerosol optical profiles in the boundary layer observed by Caeli Raman lidar during the TROpomi vaLIdation eXperiment (TROLIX’19)
Authors: Gouveia Diego , Apituley Arnoud
Published: June 2021

To foster our understanding of the role that the vertical distribution of atmospheric aerosols and water vapor plays on the climate system, the Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research in the Netherlands has been providing measurements with its high performance multi-wavelength Raman lidar (Caeli) on a regular basis and during intensive periods of observations.

From late August to early October, 2019, the Cabauw site was the central point for the active remote sensing activities during the TROpomi vaLIdation eXperiment (TROLIX’19), a campaign which used a combination of in-situ and remote sensing measurements, both ground and air-borne based, for the validation of Sentinel-5p/TROPOMI level 2 products. During this campaign, Raman lidar measurements were performed under a variety of atmospheric conditions.

In this work, we present the Caeli simultaneous measurements of aerosol optical properties and water vapor mixing ratio profiles during the TROLIX'19 campaign. A general clean atmosphere was observed, with eventual occurrence of mid-tropospheric aerosol layers and a persistent stratospheric layer observed for many days. Profiles of extinction and backscatter coefficients have been processed both locally and through the central processing facilities of the European lidar network (ACTRIS-EARLINET). The precision of the day and nighttime water vapor mixing ratio retrievals were accessed, showing that high resolution profiles were possible in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) during daytime and throughout the troposphere during nighttime, allowing the measurement of dry air mixing in the PBL and information for heat flux studies. Time and vertically resolved aerosol and water vapor fields around cloud formation events are explored.