bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced fitness cost and increased aggressiveness in fenhexamid-resistant Botrytis cinerea field isolates from Chile
Authors: ESTERIO Marcela , OSORIO-NAVARRO Claudio , AZÓCAR Madelaine , COPIER Charleen , RUBILAR Mauricio , PIZARRO Lorena , AUGER Jaime
Published: May 2021

Disease management programmes in Chilean table grape vineyards use the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid as a pivotal fungicide for Botrytis cinerea control. However, fenhexamid-resistant populations of this pathogen have progressively increased in vineyards under fungicide use. Botrytis cinerea isolates were collected in ‘Thompson Seedless’ vineyards under fenhexamid control programmes (>two sprays per season) from three regions of Central Chile, during the 2013-2014, 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 growing seasons. Focusing on the 2015-2016 growing season when the greatest level of resistance was measured, only 8% of recovered isolates were sensitive to fenhexamid with 92% of isolates exceeding the sensitivity threshold for mycelium growth. All fenhexamid resistant isolates analyzed carried a mutation in the Erg27 gene, which encodes for 3-keto reductase (3-KR) enzyme. The largest proportion of isolates presented a single-point mutation, leading to a substitution of phenylalanine by serine or isoleucine in the 412 residue of 3-KR (erg27F412S, 27%; erg27F412I, 48%). Substitution by valine in this position was observed in a lower proportion of isolates (erg27F412V, 2%). In contrast to a previous report indicating high fitness cost in isolates carrying erg27F412S or erg27F412I, mycelium growth and sclerotia development under different restrictive temperatures were not affected compared to wildtype Erg27 F412  in Chilean mutant isolates. At 0°C, erg27F412S and erg27F412I generated larger lesions than erg27F412V and Erg27F412 isolates in wounded and unwounded berry assays. Another five mutations were detected in low-resistance Erg27 F412 isolates; one was  a previously unreported mutation: erg27R330P. This study has demonstrated a significant loss of sensitivity to fenhexamid, limited fitness cost and high aggressiveness levels (erg27F412S and erg27 F412I) in field isolates carrying Erg27 mutations, giving dirctions for the design of Botrytis control programmes based on fenhexamid.
Mating type distribution, genetic diversity and population structure of Ascochyta rabiei, the cause of Ascochyta blight of chickpea in western Iran
Authors: FARAHANI Somayeh , TALEBI Reza , MALEKI Mojdeh , MEHRABI Rahim , KANOUNI Homayoun
Published: May 2021

Ascochyta blight (caused by Ascochyta rabiei) is an important disease of chickpea. Mating type distribution, genetic diversity and population structure A. rabiei isolates from western Iran, using specific matting type primers, and ISSR and SSR molecular markers. Two mating types were identified, with the 57% of isolates belonging to MAT1-1. Ten ISSR markers produced 78 polymorphic bands with an average polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.33. Seven SSR markers showed high allelic variation (four to seven alleles) with the average PIC value of 0.61. The generated dendrogram using neighbor joining approach with ISSR and SSR marker data grouped isolates in three clusters. Combined dendrogram and model-based population structure analysis divided the isolates into two distinct populations. No significant correlation was found between geographical origins of isolates and their genetic diversity patterns, although the isolates from North Kermanshah and Kurdistan were closely grouped, and most of isolates from Lorestan and Kermanshah were clustered in a separate group. This relative spatial correlation between geographical locations and A. rabiei grouping indicated high genetic diversity within populations and no significant gene flow between distinctly geographical regions. This suggests the nece0ssity of continuous monitoring of A. rabiei populations in order to design effective chickpea breeding strategies to control the disease.
Biocontrol agents and resistance inducers reduce Phytophthora crown rot (Phytophthora capsici) of sweet pepper in closed soilless culture
Authors: GILARDI Giovanna , VASILEIADOU Athina , GARIBALDI Angelo , GULLINO Maria Lodovica
Published: May 2021

Twelve trials, in closed soilless culture under controlled conditions, were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of resistance inducers (based on K-phosphite and K-silicate used alone or in combination), and of experimental biocontrol agents (Trichoderma sp. TW2, a mixture of Pseudomonas FC 7B, FC 8B, and FC 9B, Fusarium solani FUS25, Pseudomonas sp. PB26), and a commercial formulation of Trichoderma gamsii + T. asperellum, against diseases caused by Phytophthora capsici of sweet pepper. The products were applied using three different protocols, and effects on incidence of Phytophthora crown, stem and root rots (% dead plants), disease development (area under the disease progress curve; AUDPC), and plant fresh weights were evaluated. Potassium phosphite, applied directly at standard P2O5:K2O, 1.30 + 1.05 g L-1) and at half standard rates, onto growing media, or via nutrient solution, and before infestation of peat plant growing medium with P. capsici, provided the best disease management in a dose-dependent manner, with an 80% reduction of Phytophthora crown, stem and root rots for the standard dosage and for both types of application. These treatments also reduced proportions of dead plants by 47% from the standard rate and by 62% at the half standard rate, when applied via the nutrient solution or directly to the substrate. K-silicate alone partially reduced the percentage of dead plants, with efficacy of 20–23%. No improvement in disease control was observed when K-silicate was applied in combination with phosphite, while K-silicate alone or combined with K-phosphite reduced disease development, compared to untreated controls. Biocontrol agents (BCAs), applied preventively, reduced Phytophthora crown, stem and root rots, with similar or better results than those from the commercial mixture of Trichoderma asperellum + T. gamsii. Among the tested BCAs, Fusarium solani FUS25 provided the most consistent disease reduction (60–65%) and gave increased plant fresh weights. All the tested BCAs reduced disease development, with a similar trend for different disease pressures. The least AUDPC values, compared to the non-treated controls, were from Fusarium solani FUS25, followed by the tested Pseudomonas strains and Trichoderma sp. TW2. These results indicate the potential for potassium phosphite and biocontrol agents in management of Phytophthora crown, stem and root rots of pepper grown in soilless systems.
Fatores relacionados í adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo: fundamentação a partir da teoria de Imogene King
Authors: Serafim de Oliveira Deiziane , Da Silva Oliveira Bárbara Cristina , Pereira Alves Salmana Rianne , da Silva Ferreira Torres Valdicléia , De Oliveira Regina Célia , Abrantes Cordeiro Morais Camila
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Conhecer as percepções de usuários hipertensos diante do tratamento anti-hipertensivo, relacionando-as com os conceitos do sistema interpessoal da Teoria do Alcance de Metas de Imogene King. Método: Estudo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 10 usuários hipertensos. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas para a coleta dos dados e utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo Temática proposta por Minayo para análise do material. Resultados: Foi possí­vel identificar dois eixos temáticos: Viver com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica; Dificuldades diante da adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo. Conclusão: A necessidade de uso contí­nuo da medicação, mudanças no cotidiano dos indiví­duos e o desconhecimento em relação í  patologia, são fatores que podem influenciar a adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo. Ressalta-se que a relação entre o enfermeiro e o paciente é compreendida como aspecto que contribui para a terapêutica.
Cuidados de enfermagem com o protetor ocular de recém-nascidos submetidos í fototerapia
Authors: Caroline Neri de Alencar Heda , Freitas Bastos Padilla Eliadia , Carneiro Rolim Karla Maria , Saldanha Albuquerque Firmina Hermelinda , De Albuquerque Conceição de Maria , Jorge Magalhães Fernanda
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar os cuidados de enfermagem com o protetor ocular em recém-nascidos. Método: Estudo investigatório descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em hospital-escola, localizado na cidade de Fortaleza-Ceará, Brasil, janeiro a fevereiro de 2016. Participaram do estudo 15 enfermeiras que prestavam cuidados a recém-nascidos em fototerapia, na Unidade de Cuidados Intermediários e Terapia Intensiva. A coleta dos dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista não estruturada. Resultados: O protetor ocular é utilizado na prevenção de lesão na retina de recém-nascidos, sendo que existem riscos na utilização desse artefato e, para evitar danos, são realizados cuidados essenciais direcionados aos recém-nascidos sob fototerapia. Conclusão: Os cuidados que as enfermeiras prestam aos recém-nascidos são realizados de forma sistematizada, aliando humanização e tecnologia.
Assistência de enfermagem as alteraçoes hemodinâmicas no perí­odo graví­dico em pacientes com pré-eclâmpsia
Authors: De Carvalho Veloso Café Michelle , Farias Santana Maressa , Pereira Guimarães Gabriel Lucas , Ledo Gonçalves Viana Anne Eugênia , Soares Rosa Rosangela Jeniffer , Costa Tavares Paula Paulina
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Identificar os achados publicados na literatura cientí­fica sobre a assistência de enfermagem í s alterações hemodinâmicas em mulheres com pré-eclâmpsia no ciclo graví­dico. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, que reúne achados baseados em evidências cientí­ficas de estudos primários nas bases de dados Google Acadêmico, National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Biblioteca virtual de saúde (BVS), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO). Resultados: a amostra constituiu-se de cinco artigos primários publicados nos últimos cinco anos. Achados relacionados aos cuidados de enfermagem no que se refere a pré-eclâmpsia. Conclusão: através deste estudo foi possí­vel confirmar que a enfermagem tem papel importantí­ssimo no processo do cuidado í s gestantes, proporcionando assistência, orientação e educação em saúde, evitando assim possí­veis agravos.
CYBER BULLYING AND VICTIMIZATION: A META ANALYTIC REVIEW
Authors: Nasla V.S  , Nayana Mohan  , Sannet Thomas
Published: May 2021

Cyber bullying has become a critical social issue, which severely threatens children and adolescents’ physical and psychological health. Cyber bullying has evolved from the increasing use of technology, specifically electronic communication and social networking. These findings enhance our understanding of the rates of occurrence of bullying, cyber bullying and victimization. Cyber bullying is defined as a means of bullying in which peers use electronic devices "to taunt, insult, threaten, harass, and/or intimidate a peer" (Raskauskas & Stoltz, 2007, p. 565). With the growth of information and communication technology (ICT), bullying has expanded into the technological realm. Labelled as cyber bullying, individuals are utilizing technology, such as cellphones and the internet, to bully and cause harassment to others with the intention of causing harm. Ten studies which met the inclusion criteria were selected for this study.Findings of the study shows that it has an impact on both psychological and socio demographic problem.
EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENE POLLUTION ON URBAN ECOSYSTEM
Authors: Misliddin Muhammatovich Khalmatov  , Bokhodirkhodja Sharibkhodjaevich Ismoilkhodjaev  , Dilmurod Dekhkanovich Khusanov  , Hamdam Tursunov
Published: May 2021

According to the results of the correlative modeling regression, there is a strong correlation link between the concentration of harmful substances in the atmosphere and the amount of tree accumulation in the leaves. Such bonding was most prominent at juniper trees. In particular, the density of binding between the two sulphate proteins and the accumulation of this substance in the leaf of selected trees was 0.88 in the juniper tree, 0.78 in the oak tree, 0.75 in the chestnut, and 0.93 in the pavlonion tree.
KEY WORDS: Ecosystem, atmosphere, leaves, substances, trees, pests, urban, connection, linear connection, regression, correlation, chlorophyll.
APLICACIÓN DEL MÉTODO DE RESISTIVIDAD ELÉCTRICA EN LA EXPLORACIÓN DE YACIMIENTOS DE CARBÓN
Authors: Oliver Ocaño Francisco Miguel , Laborín Moreno Jesús Alberto , Becuar Peña Francisco Javier , García López Carlos Francisco
Published: May 2021

El método de resistividad de corriente directa es una técnica utilizada en la prospección minera, geohidrológica, geotérmica y en problemas de geotecnia. Este método se basa en la inyección de corriente eléctrica (directa o de baja frecuencia) en el terreno y en la medición de las diferencias de potencial asociadas al paso de la corriente a través de zonas del subsuelo con distinta conductividad eléctrica. En este trabajo se implementó este método utilizando arreglos multielectrodo tipo Dipolo-Dipolo y Schlumberger, en un lote Minero en San Javier, Sonora; con el objetivo de determinar la posible presencia de anomalías asociadas a carbón mineral en el subsuelo.
Fighting Female Sexual Harrasement in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions
Authors: Olaigbe Taofeeq Adebayo , Fagbenro Dare Azeez
Published: May 2021

Tertiary institutions all over the world including Nigeria are known for academic and moral excellence aimed at shaping leaders and intellectuals for the development of the world. However, the moral fabric that holds the tertiary institutions is seriously eroded because of the menace of sexual harassment to the female students in a developing country like Nigeria. Although, the menace is not only peculiar to tertiary institutions but across all workplace where male and female interact and relate with each other. In recent time the menace has negatively change the integrity and respect accosted for people in the tertiary institutions occasioned by incessant report of sexual harassment mostly directed to female students. Thus, there is constant need and clamour for way through which female students sexual harassment can be fight to the barest minimum in our tertiary institutions especially as attempt to stop this menace in the past has not yielded little or no positive outcomes. The methodology adopted in the study is the qualitative method using a content analysis approach. The concept of sexual harassment as given by various scholars and researchers were adequately domesticated in the study. The paper also beams its search light on some disturbing sexual harassment directed to the female students in the past so as to justify the presence of this menace. The study also analyses factors contributing to sexual assault. Based on these summations, the paper was able to give stringent policies that could be used to fight the scourge of sexual harassment.

 

Received: 16 November 2020 / Accepted: 8 March 2021 / Published: 17 May 2021
A Comparative Observation: “Kanun” as a Legal and Ethical-Religious System and Today’s Legislation
Authors: Aliu Alket
Published: May 2021

How do the characteristic norms of civil, criminal and family law combine with the ethical-moral and religious norms of the Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini. The subjective aspect which makes them binding and the differentiation with customs based on today’s juridical doctrine. Why did the Kanun’s norms make up the legal system of the period? The origin of sanctions and how they started to be incorporated into the customary law of Northern Albania. The role of the Catholic Church on the canonical norms and their application by using instruments which were provided by customary law.

 

Received: 5 February 2021 / Accepted: 10 April 2021 / Published: 17 May 2021
ANALISIS PERSEPSI KONSUMEN TENTANG ATRIBUT PRODUK SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN SMARTPHONE OPPO (STUDI KASUS PADA TOKO TIA PONSEL DI KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR)
Authors: Sipayung Tuahman , Bobby Syahreza
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi konsumen tentang atribut produk serta pengaruhnya terhadap keputusan pembelian smartphone Oppo. Responden yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 79 orang. Variabel yang digunakan  yaitu Merek (X1), Fitur (X2), Desain (X3) dan Keputusan Pembelian (Y). Kemudian dilakukan analisis data yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Dari analisis tersebut diperoleh analisis regresi : Y = 4,840 + 0,279X1 – 0,084X2 + 0,486X3 + e. Analisis koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0, 594 artinya bahwa 59,4 % variasi variable keputusan pembelian dapat dijelaskan oleh variable merek, fitur dan desain sedangkan sisanya yaitu 40,6 % tidak dijelaskan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil analisis data yang di peroleh dapat diketahui bahwa variabel merek dan desain mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Toko Tia Ponsel, sedangkan variabel fitur tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian. Dan variabel merek, fitur dan desain berpengaruh secara simultan (bersamaan) terhadap keputusan pembelian
PENGARUH KEDEKATAN ATASAN DAN KEADILAN ORGANISASI TERHADAP KOMITMEN KARYAWAN PADA PT. RAMAYANA LESTARI SENTOSA, Tbk PEMATANGSIANTAR
Authors: Simatupang Pandapotan , Novita Dwi Chandra
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kedekatan atasan terhadap komitmen karyawan, pengaruh keadilan organisasi terhadap komitmen karyawan dan pengaruh kedekatan atasan dan keadilan organisasi terhadap komitmen karyawan pada PT. Ramayana Lestari Sentosa, Tbk Pematangsiantar. Jenis penelitian yang gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian yang bersifat kausalitas yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemungkinan adanya hubungan sebab – akibat antar variabel. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2 (dua) variable bebas yaitu: variable bebas pertama kedekatan atasan(X1), dan variable bebas kedua keadilan organisasi (X2), serta 1 (satu) variable terikat yaitu komitmen karyawan (Y). pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan rumus Slovin. Alasan peneliti menggunakan rumus slovin karena populasi dalam penelitian ini kurang dari 500 orang dan populasi dalam penelitian ini juga sudah diketahui jumlahnya. Hasil penelitian ini Variabel kedekatan atasan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap variabel komitmen karyawan pada PT. Ramayana Lestari Sentosa, Tbk Pematangsiantar. Dimana kedekatan antara atasan dengan bawahan dapat terjadi karena adanya komunikasi secara langsung. Keadilan organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap variabel komitmen karyawan Dimana keadilan organisasi dapat membangun rasa saling percaya diantara karyawan danmeningkatkan komitmen karyawan
A subclass of meromorphic functions deﬁned by a certain integral operator on Hilbert space
Authors:   KOCAELI UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS FACULTY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES UMUTTEPE CAMPUS,41380,IZMIT-KOCAELI, TURKEY E-mail address: akgul@kocaeli.edu.tr, AKGUL ARZU
Published: May 2021

In the present paper, we introduce and investigate a new class of meromorphic functions associated with an integral operator, by using Hilbert space operator. For this class, we obtain coefﬁcient inequality, extreme points, radius of close-to-convex, starlikeness and convexity, Hadamard product and integral means inequality.
A proof of Garfunkel inequality and of some related results in inner product spaces
Authors:   NATIONAL COLLEGE IANCU DE HUNEDOARA HUNEDOARA, ROMANIA E-mail address: marinescuds@gmail.com, MARINESCU DAN STEFAN , MONEA MIHAI ,   NATIONAL COLLEGE DECEBAL, DEVA, ROMANIA E-mail address: mihaimonea@yahoo.com
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we will present a inner product space proof of a geometric inequality proposed by J. Garfunkel in American Mathematical Monthly [Garfunkel, J., Problem 2505, American Mathematical Monthly, 81 (1974), No. 11] and consider some other similar results.
Fixed point theorems and convergence theorems for monotone (α, β)-nonexpansive mappings in ordered Banach spaces
Authors:   KMUTTFIXED POINT RESEARCH LABORATORY DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS ROOM SCL 802 FIXED POINT LABORATORY SCIENCE LABORATORY BUILDING, FACULTY OF SCIENCE KING MONGKUT’S UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY THONBURI (KMUTT) 126 PRACHA-UTHIT ROAD, BANG MOD, THRUNG KHRU, BANGKOK 10140, THAILAND E-mail address: khanitin.math@mail.kmutt.ac.th, MUANGCHOO-IN KHANITIN , THONGTHA DAWUD ,   KMUTTFIXED POINT RESEARCH LABORATORY DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS ROOM SCL 802 FIXED POINT LABORATORY SCIENCE LABORATORY BUILDING, FACULTY OF SCIENCE KING MONGKUT’S UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY THONBURI (KMUTT) 126 PRACHA-UTHIT ROAD, BANG MOD, THRUNG KHRU, BANGKOK 10140, THAILAND E-mail address: dawud.tho@kmutt.ac.th,   KMUTT-FIXED POINT THEORY AND APPLICATIONS RESEARCH GROUP (KMUTT-FPTA) THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE CENTER (TACS), SCIENCE LABORATORY BUILDING FACULTY OF SCIENCE, KING MONGKUT’S UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY THONBURI (KMUTT) 126 PRACHA-UTHIT ROAD, BANG MOD, THRUNG KHRU, BANGKOK 10140, THAILAND E-mail address: dawud.tho@kmutt.ac.th, KUMAM POOM ,   KMUTTFIXED POINT RESEARCH LABORATORY DEPRTMENT OF MATHEMATICS ROOM SCL 802 FIXED POINT LABORATORY SCIENCE LABORATORY BUILDING, FACULTY OF SCIENCE KING MONGKUT’S UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY THONBURI (KMUTT) 126 PRACHA-UTHIT ROAD, BANG MOD, THRUNG KHRU, BANGKOK 10140, THAILAND E-mail address: poom.kum@kmutt.ac.th,   KMUTT-FIXED POINT THEORY AND APPLICATIONS RESEARCH GROUP (KMUTT-FPTA) THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE CENTER (TACS), SCIENCE LABORATORY BUILDING FACULTY OF SCIENCE, KING MONGKUT’S UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY THONBURI (KMUTT) 126 PRACHA-UTHIT ROAD, BANG MOD, THRUNG KHRU, BANGKOK 10140, THAILAND E-mail address: poom.kum@kmutt.ac.th, CHO YEOL JE ,   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS EDUCATION GYEONGSANG NATOINAL UNIVERSITY JINJU 660-701, KOREA. E-mail address: yjcho@gnu.kr
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we introduce the notion of a monotone (α, β)-nonexpansive mapping in an ordered Banach space E with the partial order ≤ and prove some existence theorems of ﬁxed points of a monotone (α, β)-nonexpansive mapping in a uniformly convex ordered Banach space. Also, we prove some weak and strong convergence theorems of Ishikawa type iteration under the control condition ... Finally, we give an numerical example to illustrate the main result in this paper.
On the continuity of almostlocal contractions
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE NORTH UNIVERSITY OF BAIA MARE VICTORIEI 76, 430122 BAIA MARE, ROMANIA E-mail address: zakanymoni@yahoo.com, MONIKA ZAKANY
Published: May 2021

This paper introduces a new class of contraction: the almost local contractions. Then, we prove the existence and uniqueness of a ﬁxed-point for local almost contractions in two cases: with constant and variable coefﬁcients of contraction.
Effective Microorganisms in Producing Eco-Enzyme from Food Waste for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Low Chin Wen  , Regina Leong Zhi Ling  , Swee-Sen Teo
Published: May 2021

The problem of food wastage is becoming an increasingly worrying topic as the world is heading towards sustainability to preserve the quality and the perseverance of life on Earth. Such food waste is inclusive of fresh fruit and vegetable (FFV) which make up a substantial 60% of all food wasted around the globe. Hence the purpose of this study is to valorize the FFV waste into eco-enzymes for the purpose of wastewater treatment, as having clean water sources and cleaning greywater and blackwater before discharge back into the environment are an important factors in preserving public health worldwide. Only a total of 1% of the world's freshwater is accessible for human consumption, therefore it is important to save and recycle this precious resource. The objective of this study was to fully utilize the food waste in wastewater treatment. The production of eco-enzyme is done via the process of fermentation of FFV. In this study, eco-enzymes were generated from waste derived from vegetable and fruit. The vegetable eco-enzyme was fermented via S. cerevisiae for a total of 7 days. The fruit-produced eco-enzyme was fermented with brown sugar for three months with the native bacterial population present within the fruit as the fermentation agent. The eco-enzymes produced were used to treat the water samples collected from Menjalara Lake (3°11'42.2"N 101°37'39.7"E) and Keroh River (3°12'25.0"N 101°38'27.9"E). In addition, household rice-rinsed water was obtained from Kajang (3°07'38.0"N 101°51'83.0"E). After the fermentation, the eco-enzymes solutions were acidic with a pH range of 4.1-5.24, which could be due to the metabolization of carbohydrates into volatile and organic acids. The effectiveness of the eco-enzyme treatments was assessed via measuring Ca2+, Na+, K+, NO3- and pH. It was found that the fruit-produced eco-enzyme was effective in reducing NO3-, in all three water samples. But both the fruit-produced eco-enzyme and vegetable-produced eco-enzyme were not effective in reducing the concentration of Ca2+, Na+ and K+. Further improvements that can be done are the prolonging of treatment duration from five days to 30 days. Other than that, experimentation with different concentrations to reduce the introduction of excess metal ions into the treated water samples.
CONTEMPORARY THEATER ARTS IN THE EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE TEACHER
Authors:   Volgograd State Social and Pedagogical University, Osipova L.V.
Published: May 2021

Contemporary theatrical art is considered in the article in two aspects: as a way to solve the problems of educating students (education by means of theatrical art) and as a means of preparing future teachers to solve educational problems (theatrical pedagogy). At the same time, educational activity is understood from the standpoint of a culturological approach as a purposeful activity of a teacher acting as an intermediary between a child and culture, to include students in modern culture context. The ideas about the peculiarities of contemporary theatrical art that influence the educational tasks solution are concretized: brightness and originality, which create motivation for moral problems discussion; minimalism, allowing you to focus on moral conflict; a large selection of genres, taking into account the students individual capabilities; interactive nature, allowing students to formulate, substantiate and defend their own moral position; combination of artistic and creative activity and computer technology, adequate to modern schoolchildren worldview. Theatrical art, removing the contradictions between the emotional-figurative and the emotional-logical, contributes to the personal holistic development, individuality and subjectivity of the child, allows him to experience the various situations of modern world. The scientific knowledge about the possibilities of theatrical pedagogy in the process of preparing future teachers for educational activities has been clarified: the use of theatrical pedagogy elements contributes to the students' communicative abilities development, the rejection of the stereotypical solution of professional tasks, the ability for improvisation, emotional self-regulation, flexible and productive conflict resolution. The preparation of future teachers for educational activities by means of theatrical pedagogy is considered as one of the conditions for the effectiveness of their professional activities in solving education problems. The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research within the framework of scientific project No. 20-013-00809.
Antibacterial activity of Calendula officinalis and Echinacea purpurea extracts against the causal agent of tomatoes’ bacterial canker: Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis
Authors:   Ondokuz Mayis University, Aksoy Hasan Murat , Arslanoglu Sahane Funda ,   Ondokuz Mayis University, Edbeib Mohamed Faraj ,   Ondokuz Mayis University, Kaya Yilmaz ,   Ondokuz Mayis University, Marakli Sevgi ,   Sabuncouglu Serefeddin Health Services Vocational School
Published: May 2021

We aimed to investigate the effects of Calendula officinalis and Echinacea purpurea extracts in terms of growth parameters, antibacterial activity and phenolic profile in tomato infected by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (CmmT7). A significant difference was observed in E. purpura extract, indicating the highest effects on plant height (27.25 cm), fresh plant weight (28.45 cm), root length (24.42 cm), and root weight (6.74 g) (p<0.05). Moreover, Calendula officinalis and Echinacea purpurea extracts showed significant inhibitory activity against CmmT7 (p<0.05). Among phenolic compounds, the only chlorogenic acid amounts were varied in the tomato seedlings leaves with C. officinalis extract (K3) + CmmT7, E. purpurea extract (E3) + CmmT7 and CmmT7 (p<0.01). Moreover, chlorogenic acid amount was approximately 9 times higher than in CmmT7-treated leaves when compared to control. The results showed that application of the extracts of these plants had a significant influence on bacterial canker and growth parameters.
Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of Garcinia gardneriana (Planchon & Triana) Zappi (Clusiaceae) essential oil
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Fernandez Carla Maria Mariano , Lorenzetti Fabiana Brusco ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Kleinubing Sirlene Adriana ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringa, de Andrade Joao Paulo Pinguello ,   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, Bortolucci Wanessa de Campos ,   Universidade Paranaense, Goncalves Jose Eduardo ,   Unicesumar, Piau Junior Ranulfo ,   Universidade Paranaense, Cortez Diogenes Aparicio Garcia ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Gazim Zilda Cristiani ,   Universidade Paranaense, Filho Beneditgo Prado Dias ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringa
Published: May 2021

The present study aimed to analyze the chemical composition of the essential oil from Garcinia gardneriana (Planchon & Triana) Zappi leaves and fruits, and to determine its acaricidal activity on Rhipicephalus microplus by larval packet test and larvicidal action on Aedes aegypti by larval immersion test. The chemical analysis of the essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes in bacupari leaves and fruits, and α-cedrene, α-chamigrene, α-trans-bergamotene, and β-curcumene as major compounds. Essential oil from leaves of G. gardneriana presented acaricidal activity on R. microplus (LC50 = 4.8 mg/mL; LC99 = 10.8 mg/mL) and larvicidal effect on A. aegypti (LC50 = 5.4 mg/mL; LC99 = 11.6 mg/mL), whereas essential oil from the fruits of G. gardneriana showed LC50 = 4.6 mg/mL and LC99 = 8.9 mg/mL against R. microplus and LC50 = 6.4 mg/mL and LC99 = 13.9 mg/mL against A. aegypti. These results thus demonstrate the potential acaricidal and larvicidal activity of essential oil of G. gardneriana, offering new perspectives for the realization of bioassays from this essential oil.
Maanhankintalaki ja ruotsinkielisten ja kaksikielisten kuntien asutustoiminnan linjat 1945–1946
Authors: Kauhanen Riku
Published: May 2021

Jatkosodan jälkeen vuonna 1945 säädettyyn maanhankintalakiin kuului kielipykälä, joka rajoitti suomenkielisen siirtoväen asutustoimintaa ruotsin- ja kaksikielisissä kunnissa. Pykälä ja sen merkitys nousivat 1945–1946 merkittävän keskustelun alaisiksi, etenkin pääministeri J .K. Paasikiven taistellessa pykälän puolesta. Artikkelissa käydään läpi kielipykälän syntyyn johtanutta keskustelua, pykälän perusteella laadittuja sijoitussuunnitelmia ja kielipykälän muita vaiheita. Artikkeli perustuu vähän käytettyihin J. K. Paasikiven ja maatalousministeriön asutusasiainosaston arkistojen asiakirjoihin. Tarkemmassa tutkimuksessa useat asiaan vaikuttaneet tahot osoittautuvat huomattavasti moniulotteisemmiksi ja ongelmia ennakoivimmiksi kuin on uskottu.

Kielipykälä ja sen perusteella tehdyt sijoitussuunnitelmat olivat jo omana aikanaan hyvin tulkinnanvaraisia, mikä johti pitkään kiistelyyn ja konkreettiseen asutustoiminnan hidastumiseen. Tämä vaihe on huonosti tunnettu osa sodan jälkeistä asutustoimintaa, mikä on johtanut historiantutkijoita useisiin väärintulkintoihin. Keskeistä oli tulkinta epäselvän pykälän sanamuodon merkityksestä ja tätä seurannut kiistely siitä, saisiko kuntiin sijoittaa suomenkielistä siirtoväkeä 2 % vai 4 % puitteissa. Samalla kiisteltiin myös siitä, koskiko kielipykälä vain suurempia tilamuotoja vai myös pienempiä. Käytännössä kielipykälän ankarin, toteutunut versio esti yli 10 000 suomenkielisen evakon asuttamisen maanhankintalain nojalla.

Maanhankintalain kanssa samaan aikaan suunniteltu maankäyttölaki osoittaa, että asutusviranomaiset pitivät maanhankintalakia selvästi poikkeuslakina asutuslainsäädännössä, eivät sen jatkumona, ja osasivat ennakoida tulevaisuutta yllättävän hyvin. Tämän lainsäädännön yhteydessä ruotsinkieliset yrittivät laajentaa asutustoimintaa rajoittavan kielipykälän myös muuhun asutuslainsäädäntöön.
Identifikasi Aktivitas Petani Dan Sifat Fisik Tanah Sawah Di Desa Detusoko Barat Kecamatan Detusoko Kabupaten Ende
Authors: Jayawora Martinus Putra , Mutiara Charly
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine the activity of farmers and the physical properties of soil on rice fields in the village of Detusoko Barat, Detusoko District, Ende Regency. The research method used is the method of purposive sampling. The research was carried out in paddy fields in the village of Detusoko Barat and in the soil chemical laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Undana. Farmer activity variables observed were rice cultivation such as seedbed, land preparation, planting, fertilizing, maintaining, harvesting. Variable physical characteristics that are analyzed temperature, rainfall, humidity, drainage, texture, effective depth, slope, surface rock, rock outcrop. The results showed that the activities of farmers in the village of West Detusoko carried out rice cultivation twice a year, tillage using a tractor and fertilizing using inorganic fertilizer. The physical properties of soil in the ciherang rice variety in Detusoko Barat village are generallyclassified as very suitable (S1) class. And in rice varieties, Bengawan also generally belongs to the (S1) class very appropriate.
Pengaruh Jarak Tanam dan Pemberian Jenis Pupuk Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L) Di Desa Paubekor Kecamatan Koting Kabupaten Sikka
Authors: Anderson Paulinus Yon , Bolly Yovita Yasintha
Published: May 2021

Corn is a food crop commodity that has an important and strategic role in national development. The demand for corn continues to increase in line with the increase in population as a result of the increased need for food. Increasing maize production can be done through spacing and fertilization. This study aims to determine the effect of the interaction between planting distance and fertilizer type as well as the effect of every single factor. This study was designed using a factorial randomized block design consisting of two factors, namely spacing (T) and type of fertilizer (P). Each factor consists of several levels that are combined to produce 9 treatments including T1P0, T1P1, T1P2, T2P0, T2P1, T2P2, T3P0, T3P1, and T3P2. Each treatment was repeated three times in order to obtain 27 experimental units. The observation variables included plant height and number of leaves as measured at 52 days after planting, as well as maize production per plot. Observation data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with the LSD test at the 5% level. The results showed that the interaction between spacing and application of fertilizers had a significant effect on maize production per plot with the highest yield found in the T2P2 treatment interaction of 7.57 kg/plot. Whereas for the number of leaves and height of maize plants aged 52 DAS, the interaction between the two factors had no effect. A single treatment of spacing and application of fertilizers did not affect all the observed variables.
The New Perception of the Other in Chipilo, Mexico
Authors: Sbrighi Lucia , Greathouse Amador Louise Mary , Preciado Lloyd Patricia N.
Published: May 2021

This ethnographic work focuses on Chipilo, a bilingual immigrant community of Italian origin in Mexico that has managed to maintain its dialect and culture for more than six generations thanks to a strong sense and pride of its ethnic identity. Socioeconomic changes and increase in mixed marriages during the last twenty years have affected the process of identity construction. Starting with an analysis of the characteristics that have typically come to define identity and otherness, we examine the new perception of “the other” from the internal perspective of the community. Data derived from a corpus of interviews provide grounds to claim the emergence of a different discourse representation of “otherness” among groups within the same community.
El abordaje del cuerpo en "Habeas corpus" de Jorge Acha: indeterminación, imagen crística y subversión sexual
Authors: Duarte Ezequiel Iván
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo analiza la película Habeas Corpus del cineasta argentino Jorge Acha a partir de la figura del cuerpo del detenido-desaparecido en ella retratada y, en paralelo, cómo es contrastada con otras representaciones corporales. De esta forma, intenta desplegar un movimiento argumentativo que contempla el estado de indeterminación que implica esta figura. Para ello, se apela al pensamiento de Hito Steyerl, quien incorpora el experimento mental del “gato de Schrödinger” a la reflexión sobre el estatuto político del desaparecido. También es importante, en un segundo momento, la analogía con la figura de Cristo, la cual dispara una reflexión crítica acerca del rol de la Iglesia Católica en la última dictadura argentina. El detenido-desaparecido es presentado como un doble de Cristo. La paradoja estriba en que la propia Iglesia actúe como verdugo y productora de mártires. La alegoría cristológica es introducida mediante otra figura metonímica, la del pez, de importancia en el cristianismo primitivo y que la película incorpora como motivo central. El último movimiento es el abordaje que el filme hace de la sexualidad con relación a la experiencia de sometimiento. Es de utilidad aquí el pensamiento de Wilhelm Reich respecto de la forma problemática en la que el fascismo se relaciona con la sexualidad y cómo el homoerotismo de Habeas Corpus busca subvertir el carácter reaccionario de la cosmovisión dictatorial. Al mismo tiempo, se produce un contraste entre el modelo de cuerpo del detenido-desaparecido y los cuerpos hipertrofiados y diseñados de los fisicoculturistas admirados por el torturador.
PENGARUH CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT DAN VIRAL MARKETING TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN SMARTPHONE OPPO DI KALANGAN PELAJAR SMA NEGERI 2 BANDA ACEH
Authors: Zuraidah Zuraidah , Pristiwa Nara , Hasibuan Dathin Nabilla
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh celebrity endorsement dan viral marketing terhadap keputusan pembelian smartphone OPPO di kalangan pelajar SMA Negeri 2 Banda Aceh. Objek penelitian adalah pelajar SMA Negeri 2 Banda Aceh. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 793 pelajar. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 96 responden dengan menggunakan rumus purba dan teknik purposive sampling. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Rumus regresi yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan celebrity endorsement dan viral marketing berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian smartphone OPPO di kalangan pelajar SMA Negeri 2 Banda Aceh dan secara parsial setiap variabel berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian smartphone OPPO di kalangan pelajar SMA Negeri 2 Banda Aceh, celebrity endorsement (X1) berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian smartphone OPPO di kalangan pelajar SMA Negeri 2 Banda Aceh, viral marketing (X2) berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian smartphone OPPO di kalangan pelajar SMA Negeri 2 Banda Aceh
STRATEGI PENERAPAN MANAJEMEN KURBAN WARGA MUHAMMADIYAH ACEH
Authors: Yamin Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Kurban memiliki daya ungkit yang kuat dalam menggerakkan perekonomian masyarakat jika dikelola melalui suatu mekanisme yang terintegrasi dan melibatkan berbagai komponen penyelenggara ibadah kurban di kalangan ummat Islam sebagaimana pengelolaan zakat yang dikelola oleh lembaga-lembaga yang diatur melalui undang-undang. Potensi qurban Aceh dari tahun ke tahun meningkat. Tahun 2020 mencapai 40.344 ekor terdiri dari 20.121 ekor kambing/domba, 16.722 sapi dan 3.491 ekor kerbau. Muhammadiyah Aceh sebagai salah satu ormas yang aktif menyelenggarakan qurban setiap tahun melalui jaringan di seluruh jenjang kepemimpinan daerah kabupaten/kota, cabang di tingkat kecamatan, hingga ranting di tingkatan desa, lebih aksesable berkaitan dengan penghimpunan data qurban. Selain dapat diperoleh jumlah dan jenis hewan qurban, juga dapat diperoleh informasi jumlah Shahibul Qurban (pequrban), jumlah Penerima daging qurban serta harga setiap jenis hewan qurban di setiap lokasi yang memiliki harga yang berbada pada setiap lokasi penyelenggaraan qurban yang dikoordinasikan oleh pimpinan Muhammadiyah setempat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan data-data penyelenggaraan qurban warga Muhammadiyah se-Aceh dalam 5 tahun terakhir rata-rata mencapai 1.013 hewan qurban yang terdiri dari 436 ekor kambing, 363 sapi dan 214 kerbau. 4.473 shahibul qurban dan 47.616 penerima manfaat, dengan nilai ekonomi rata-rata mencapai Rp. 10,5 milyar setiap tahunnya. Jumlah tersebut sangat potensial meningkat karena kecenderungan qurban di Aceh meningkat setiap tahun.
ANALISIS PENGARUH SIKAP, PERHATIAN DAN TINDAKAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PASIEN DI LABORATORIUM KLINIK BUNDA THAMRIN BANDA ACEH
Authors: Murad Suryani , Khan Fani
Published: May 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh sikap, perhatian dan tindakan terhadap kepuasan pasien di Laboratorium Klinik Bunda Thamrin Banda Aceh. Metode yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif asosiatif, jumlah sampel sebanyak 99 pasien dengan teknik Accidental Sampling dan teknik analisis menggunakan regresi linear berganda dengan bantuan software SPSS 17.0. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sikap, perhatian dan tindakan secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pasien di Laboratorium Klinik Bunda Thamrin Banda Aceh. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah pengaruh sikap, perhatian dan tindakan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kepuasan pasien di Laboratorium Klinik Bunda Thamrin Banda Aceh. Hal ini terlihat dengan adanya sikap, perhatian dan tindakan yang baik menjadi indikasi awal terbentuknya kepuasan pasien.
DAMPAK DARI VIRUS COVID- 19 TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT KOTA BANDA ACEH
Authors: Presilawati Febyolla , Erlinda Erlinda , Muhammad Raja
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui signifikasi bagaimana : (1) Bagaimana virus corona menyebar; (2) Virus corona atau Covid-19 pertama kali ditemukan di Wuhan, China pada akhir 2019 lalu. Penyebaran virus yang belum ditemukan penawarnya itu hingga saat ini tak terkendali dan sudah  200 lebih negara di dunia melaporkan adanya kasus terpapar virus corona. Di Indonesia kasus ini pertama kali ditemukan pada dua warga Depok, Jawa Barat awal Maret lalu. Data hingga Sabtu, 28 Maret 2020 jumlah warga yang dinyatakan positif terkena virus corona mencapai 1.155 dan 102 di antaranya meninggal dunia. Ketika permintaan terhadap suatu barang tinggi karena jumlahnya yang sedikit, penawaran terhadap harga barang juga mengalami kenaikan. Dengan kata lain, harga akan meroket akibat permintaan dari masyarakat yang tinggi disertai dengan barang yang langka. Ini lah yang kemudian terjadi akibat panic buying tersebut. Lebih lanjut, daya beli masyarakat akan menurun. Misalnya, ketika uang Rp10 ribu sudah sapat digunakan untuk membeli masker, sekarang tidak cukup lagi karena harganya telah naik hingga berkali-kali lipat. Kesimpulan penelitian; (1) Virus Corona juga memengaruhi proyeksi pasar dan ekonomi; (2) Virus Corona juga berdampak pada investasi; (3) Virus Corona juga sangat berdampak pada sektor pariwisata. (4) Investor bisa menunda investasi karena ketidakjelasan supply chain atau akibat asumsi pasarnya berubah
PELATIHAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN KARIR TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA KANTOR CAMAT KUTA ALAM BANDA ACEH
Authors: Gadeng Tarmizi , Ramadhani Nadiatul Hikmah
Published: May 2021

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan dan pengembangan karir secara simultan dan parsial terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Camat Kuta Alam Banda Aceh. Upaya untuk mewujudkan kinerja yang optimal dari seorang pegawai, tentunya membutuhkan program pelatihan dan pengembangan karir sehingga tujuan, ukuran dan penilaian tidak terjadi kesenjangan yang signifikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis data linier berganda dengan melakukan survei wawancara dan menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari kuesioner. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 42 orang/ pegawai Kantor Camat Kuta Alam Banda Aceh. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, dengan nilai t-hitung (3,618) t-tabel (2,018) yaitu pelatihan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai. Pada uji simultan dengan nilai F-hitung (20,841) F-tabel (3,238) yaitu pelatihan dan pengembangan karir secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai. Dan pengaruh pelatihan dan pengembangan karir terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Camat Kuta Alam Banda Aceh berpengaruh signifikan yang positif.
PENGARUH REWARD, BEBAN KERJA, DAN PENGALAMAN KERJA TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PEGAWAI DI DINAS PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR
Authors: Kamal Feby Misrah , Gadeng Tarmizi , Tuwisna Tuwisna
Published: May 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh reward, beban kerja dan pengalaman kerja secara bersama ataupun parsial terhadap produktivitas kerja pegawai, dan untuk mengetahui variabel mana yang paling mempengaruhi produktivits kerja tersebut.Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah pegawai Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Jumlah populasinya adalah 59 pegawai. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 59 responden. Alat analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah uji validitas, uji reliabilitas dan analisis regresi linear berganda.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa reward, beban kerja dan pengalaman kerja secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas kerja pegawai, sedangkan secara parsial variabel rewardtidak berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas kerja, variabel pengalaman kerja lebih dominan berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas kerja pegawai sebesar 56,6 % diikuti oleh variabel bebankerja yang berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas kerja pegawai yaitu sebesar 24,1%.
PENGARUH SUKU BUNGA BI, INFLASI DAN BOPO TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS BANK UMUM YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI) PERIODE 2014-2016
Authors: Anisa Lilik Nur , Zuraidah Zuraidah
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh suku bunga BI (BI rate), inflasi, dan Biaya Operasional Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO) terhadap profitabilitas (return on assets) Bank Umum yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2014-2016. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 30 Bank Umum yang terdaftar di BEI dikalikan dengan 3 periode 2014-2016, sehingga diperoleh 90 data keuangan. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan regresi linear berganda dengan bantuan Software SPSS versi 22,0. Selama periode pengamatan hanya variabel biaya operasional pendapatan operasional (BOPO) yang berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap profitabilitas (return on assets) dengan nilai signifikansi yang lebih kecil dari 0,05. Sedangkan variabel suku bunga BI dan Inflasi secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas (return on assets). Dan secara simultan suku bunga BI, inflasi dan BOPO berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas. Koefisien determinasi dari output SPSS adalah sebesar 0,727. Hal ini berarti 72,7% dari profitabilitas (return on assets) dijelaskan oleh variabel suku bunga BI, inflasi dan BOPO, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 27,3% dijelaskan oleh variabel-variabel yang tidak dimasukkan ke dalam model penelitian ini.