bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Way to Modern Society: the Shia Clergy in Early 20th Century Iranian Politics
Authors: Ardashnikova Anna
Published: July 2021

Social and political events of the early 20 century caused the emergence of new concepts for the development of Iran, the relevance of which over time not only did not diminish, but increased. The agents of new ideology were both intellectual reformers of the secular circle and the Shia clergy, who actively participated in politics. The article, within the framework of an interdisciplinary study, examines the interaction of innovation and tradition at the stages of socio-political transformations that are crucial for Iran and highlights the arsenal of propaganda tools that were used in this process. Archival documentary materials and poetry of journalistic nature, which are first introduced into scientific circulation, allow to hear the “real voice” of the direct participants and witnesses of the events of this period.
Islam in the Colonial Policy of France: from the Origins to the Fifth Republic
Authors: Diakov Nikolai
Published: July 2021

History of relations between France and the Islamic world goes back to the first centuries of Hijra, when the Franks first faced the Caliphate and its troops in the Eastern and Western Mediterranean. On the eve of the New times Paris had already developed its numerous contacts with Turkey, Iran and the Arab West — the Maghreb area. The conquest of Algeria (from 1830) formed a basis of the French colonial empire in Africa and Asia with the growing role of Islam in political activities and ambitions of Paris. Millions of Muslims in French colonies contributed to growth of political and economic progress of their metropoly with its pretensions to become a great Muslim power. Meanwhile, thousands of them lost their lives during two great world wars of the 20th century. Waves of immigration gave birth to an impressive Islamic community (‘umma), in France, reaching about a million of residents by the middle of the 20th century. With the growth of Muslim immigration from Africa and the Middle East a number of Muslims among the natives of France also augmented. By the end of the last century the Muslims formed as much as about 10 % of the whole population of France. The “French Islam” born at the dawn of the 20th century. after a century of its evolution became an important civilizational reality of Europe, at times more attractive for the local youth than traditional Christian values, or the new ideals, brought with the winds of globalism, multiculturalism and a “non-stop consumerism”.
“This Doctrine ... Originated from Ismailism, but It Has Moved so Far Away from It that I Positively Consider ‘Panj-Ten’ as a Very Special Religion...”: Materials on Pamir Ismailism Collected by A. A. Cherkasov in 1904
Authors: Oybek Maxmudov
Published: July 2021

The article takes into consideration the unique data about Pamir Ismailism collected by the secretary of the Imperial Political Agency in Bukhara the Baron A. A. Cherkasov in 1904. There are presented the main provisions of the data reported by A. A. Cherkasov, to having the science enriched by new data on Pamir Ismailism. There were given some features of the doctrine of the Pamir Ismailis and how special this form of Ismailism is in comparison with other forms of Islam. This information make it possible to present the attitude of the Ismaili Imam Aga Khan III to the policy of Russia and England in the region and Russian officials’ perception of the Pamir population, Ismailis and Ismailism in general. In addition, they are supplemented by the information reported by A. A. Bobrinsky, A. A. Semenov and A. E. Snesarev on the doctrine and customs of the Pamir Ismailis.
Islam in France and France in the Territory of Islam in the Late 18th — First Half of the 19th Century
Authors: Prusskaya Evgeniya
Published: July 2021

In the first half of the 19th century France began an active colonial penetration into the region of the Middle East and North Africa, to the territories inhabited mainly by Muslims. Despite its rich colonial experience in the past and long-standing trade and diplomatic relations with the Ottoman Empire, France for the first time met Islam so closely and faced the necessity to govern the territories inhabited by a Muslim majority. This article provides an overview of the relationship between France and Islam at the end of the 18th and first half of the 19th centuries, analyzes the process of awakening interest in this religion among the French and examines the first political steps towards Islam, undertaken by the French authorities during this unstable period, which saw three revolutions in France.
“Secret Speech” of Nikita Khrushchev “On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences” as a Result of the Hidden De-Stalinization of 1953—1956
Authors: Artyukov Anton
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the content of the “secret speech” of N. S. Khrushchev “On the cult of personality and its consequences” delivered at a closed session of the 20th Congress of the Central Committee of the CPSU. When analyzing the content of the report, it was considered as a reflection of events, phenomena and processes that took place from March 1953 to February 1956 such as the struggle for power among Stalin's inner circle, Amnesty, the end of repression and rehabilitation of repressed persons, transformation in the system of state ideological propaganda, changes in the attitude of the personality of I. V. Stalin and a cautious revision of his role in the history of the party and the country.
Revisão bibliográfica sistemática sobre a necessidade de os espaços educacionais formais refletirem sobre temas tabus como a morte
Authors: Bandeira Paloma Da Trindade , Medeiros Laércia Maria Bertulino de
Published: July 2021

A compreensão sobre a morte se modifica à medida que o ser humano envelhece. No que se refere à criança e ao adolescente, a morte está incorporada, de forma direta ou indireta, ao seu cotidiano. Portanto, faz-se necessário que haja uma educação que aborde o tema da morte com eles. A escola contribui para a promoção da socialização entre as crianças e os adolescentes, então é pertinente que essa mesma instituição proporcione o ambiente ideal para que ocorram debates sobre a morte. Este artigo é uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática, de abordagem qualitativa e caráter exploratório. Tem como objetivo principal fazer um levantamento de trabalhos científicos para identificar o processo de educação sobre a morte na escola. Após consultas em bases de dados, foram obtidos como amostra cinco textos acadêmicos. Esses textos, após serem submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, originaram um levantamento de identificação do processo de educação sobre a morte na escola. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a educação sobre a morte no ambiente escolar ainda é um desafio a ser enfrentado pelos profissionais da área da educação. Sugere-se pensar as instituições escolares como espaços que visem integrar e transpor o conhecimento e a vivência humana.
Siklus Hidup Spodoptera frugiperda Dengan Pemberian Pakan Kangkung dan Daun Bawang di Laboratorium
Authors: Indra Putra Ichsan Luqmana , Dwi Martina Nanda
Published: July 2021

Spodoptera frugiperda was found to have entered Indonesia and damaged maize crops. There is a concern that climate change in Indonesia will cause these pests to migrate to other crops besides corn, such as kale and leeks. This research was conducted to observe the life cycle of S. frugiperda with feed treatment of kale leaves, leeks and corn leaves as a control. The larvae came from corn fields that were infested by S. frugiperda and were cultured in the laboratory. The variables observed were larva length, head diameter, pupa length, number of eggs, sex ratio, and time to complete one cycle. The life cycle of S. frugiperda varies between 37 and 47 days. Kale leaf feed is a good feed for the growth of S. frugiperda compared to the other two feeds, while corn leaf is good in fecundity.   Keywords: corn, fecundity, growth, life cycle, sex ratio
IR ALÉM DO FAZER: OS SABERES QUE PERMEIAM O CUIDAR NA TERAPIA INTRAVENOSA NEONATAL
Authors: Jantsch Leonardo Bigolin , Marafiga Camila Lopes , Souza Neila Santini de , Neves Eliane Tatsch
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: analisar os padrões do conhecimento da enfermagem na práxis da terapia intravenosa em terapia intensiva neonatal. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, qualitativo, que utilizou como referencial teórico os Padrões do Conhecimento da Enfermagem. Participaram do estudo 11 integrantes da Equipe de Enfermagem, de uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, no sul do Brasil. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de entrevista individual, semiestruturada, e analisados por meio de análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: foram definidas três categorias temáticas: “É um acesso profundo” – O saber empírico como base para um cuidado seguro; “Não tem que picar toda hora.” – O saber estético como ferramenta para o cuidado ético e pessoal; “Tem que devolver aquele nenê como um nenê!” – O saber moral e pessoal, norteando o cuidado. Conclusão: os conhecimentos éticos, estéticos e empíricos orientam a práxis do cuidado na terapia intravenosa neonatal.
Advance-Platelet Rich Fibrin and Hyaluronic Acid Combination Improves Interleukin-6 and Granulation Index in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Patients
Authors: Kartika Ronald Winardi , Alwi Idrus , Suyatna Franciscus Dhyanagiri , Yunir Em , Waspadji Sarwono , Immanuel Suzanna , Silalahi Todung , Sungkar Saleha , Rachmat Jusuf , Bardosono Saptawati , Reksodiputro Mirta Hediyati
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is the most common and threatening complication of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Ideal wound dressing for DFU management should relieve symptoms, provide wound protection, and encourage healing. Advanced-Platelet Rich Fibrin (A-PRF) and Hyaluronic Acid (HA) have been proven to improve wound healing process. This study was aimed to demonstrate the ability of combination of A-PRF and HA in reducing inflammation and improving DFU tissue healing.METHODS: Twenty DFU subjects were involved in this study, and divided into two groups based on the topical fibrin gel treatment: A-PRF + HA group and A-PRF only group. A-PRF was obtained by peripheral blood centrifugation. A-PRF + HA was prepared by homogening A-PRF and AH with a ratio of 1:0.6. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) level, granulation index (GI), numeric pain score (NPS), and inflammation clinical symptoms (ICS) were assessed on day-0, 3, 7 and 14.RESULTS: Wound swabs’ IL-6 level on day-7 was found to be significantly lower in A-PRF + HA compared to A-PRF alone (p=0.041). The IL-6 level reduction also found to be significant higher either in wound swabs (day 0-7, p=0.015) or fibrin gel (day 0-3, p=0.049; day 0-7, p=0.034). A-PRF + HA treatment significantly increased the GI even since day-3 (p=0.043), with lower NPS (p<0.001), and ICS score.CONCLUSION: The combination of A-PRF and HA increases the GI in DFU healing by reducing the inflammation state which will induce the angiogenesis process, as well as reducing pain in DFU subjects better than A-PRF alone.KEYWORDS: inflammation, interleukin-6, wound healing, angiogenesis, proliferation
Influence of Competitive Tendering on the Performance of Devolved System of Governments in Kenya
Authors: Andika Mary , Iravo Mike , Ismael Noor
Published: July 2021

The purpose of study is to examine the influence of competitive tendering on the performance of devolved systems of governments in Kenya. A cross-sectional approach is adopted with primary data collected. The data yielded a response rate of 229 from 10 devolved systems of governments in Kenya, which were drawn mainly from supply chain and finance departments. The data collected was put through rigorous statistical analysis to test content validity as well as reliability. Further, a simple linear regression model was used to test relationships between competitive tendering and the performance of devolved systems of governments in Kenya. The finding proposes that successful execution of competitive tendering increases the performance of devolved systems of governments. The use of the competitive tendering method assists governments in attracting a huge pool of suppliers where they can choose their potential suppliers competitively and thus instil public confidence in the accountability of public resources. The study provides relevant knowledge in formulating a policy framework on efficient and effective management of the public procurement process in devolved systems of governments. Also, the study shows that if the competitive tendering method is properly embraced, it will increase the performance of devolved systems of governments. However, the study limited only to the competitive tendering method and yet it can only be applied in certain thresholds. Thus, a similar study can be conducted in the same sector but using other alternative procurement methods. The study provides a holistic approach in the application and use of the competitive tendering methods for improving the performance of devolved systems of governments. Also, the identified gaps provide future direction in research and encourage the adoption of the competitive tendering method as a way of promoting accountability of the use of public resources in the devolved systems of governments.
Understanding of Gene Action for Nutritional Traits in Elite Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Crosses
Authors: Lingaiah N. , Raju Surender , Sarla N. , Radhika K. , Venkanna V. , Reddy D. Vishnu Vardhan
Published: July 2021

Background: The nature of inheritance and type of gene action governing nutritional traits are complex, hence a better understanding of the factors that contribute to the overall grain quality of rice will lay the foundation for developing new breeding and selection strategies for combining high quality with high yield. The present investigation was carried out to understand the gene action and inheritance of yield and nutritional quality traits in rice. Methods: Crosses were effected with ten parents in diallel fashion without reciprocals during kharif, 2014, in the next rabi 2014-15 itself, all the 45 F1s without reciprocals along with parents and two check varieties were grown for producing sufficient F2 seed. The data obtained from F1s and parents were analysed as per Method II (F1s + parents) and Model - I (fixed effect) of Griffing (1956) for combining ability. Result: In the present study, cross combinations viz., WGL-32100 x DRR Dhan-40, Ramappa x RP-Bio-5478-176 for intermediate amylose, WGL-32100 x Ramappa for high protein content, MTU 1010 x RP-Bio-5478-166, WGL-32100 x RP-Bio-5478-166 for iron concentration and RP-Bio-5478-166 x DRR Dhan-40, for zinc concentration were identified as the top ranking ones for further advancement.
​Productive Performance and Economics of Broiler Chicken Fed Heat Treated Sheep Manure based Diets Supplemented with Enzyme
Authors: Sheikh I.U. , Banday M.T. , Khan A.A. , Adil S. , Baba I.A. , Hamadani H. , Patoo R.A. , Zaffer B. , Nissa S.S.
Published: July 2021

Background: Feed is the single largest input which accounts for 60-70% of the total cost of poultry production. Sheep manure is an unconventional feed relatively high in protein and energy levels and can be used in poultry diet to reduce the cost of production. Inclusion of exogenous enzymes will improve its nutritional value as it contains relatively high fibre and utilization by birds. The performance of broiler chicken fed with heat treated sheep manure (HSM) based diets supplement with or without enzyme was studied. Methods: 210 broiler chicks were randomly distributed to five groups viz. T1 (Control), T2: 5% HSM without enzyme, T3: 5% HSM with enzyme, T4: 10% HSM without enzyme and T5: 10% HSM with enzyme containing 42 chicks in each group having three replicates of 14 chicks each. Result: The chemical composition of HSM like Dry matter, Organic matter, Crude protein, Ether extract, Crude fibre, Total ash, NFE, Calcium and Phosphorus were estimated as 90.15±1.85, 71.88±1.62, 15.24±1.23, 4.22±0.86, 17.09±0.92, 28.12±1.32, 35.33±1.28, 1.15±0.08 and 0.48±0.03%. The ME (Kcal/kg) was 1565.33. The final body weight at 6 weeks of age was highest in T3 (1998.25±13.29g) and lowest in T4 (1949.22± 15.14 g). The cumulative feed conversion ratio ranged between 1.79 ± 0.083 in T1 to 1.83 ± 0.078 in T4. The cost of production per kg live weight was highest (Rs. 89.78) in T1 and lowest (Rs. 83.76) in T5 group. The benefit cost ratio was 1.14, 1.17, 1.19, 1.20 and 1.22 for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 groups respectively.
​Re-sequencing of Whole Genome Jordanian Awassi Ewes using Hiseq Sequencing Technology: Major Step Towards Sheep Genomic Selection
Authors: Migdadi Hussein , Haddad Nizar , AlOmari Ruba , Brake Mohammad , AlShdaifat Mustafa , Amasha Sadeer , sadder Monther
Published: July 2021

Background: Jordanian Awassi sheep (Ovis aries) is the dominant fat tail sheep breed that appeals to customers because of its various production systems, including fiber, meat and milk. This report is the first whole ewe genome sequence (WGS) of O. aries submitted in the NCBI database from Jordan. Methods: 64 Paired-end sequencing libraries were constructed and subjected to Illumina Hiseq 2500 sequencing system. High-quality reads were aligned against the reference sheep genome and detecting comprehensive sources (SNPs, InDels, SV, CNVs) of genetic variations. We have deposited data sequences at the NCBI under SRA (sequence reads archives) under the accession numbers SRR11128863, PRJNA574879. Result: Genome resequencing of Jordanian Awassi ewe was carried out with approximately 93.88 Gb with a mapping rate and effective mapping depths were 99.28% and 36.32. Around 19 million SNPs, 3,6 million InDels, 35,180 Structure variation and 13,524 copy number variation among the Jordanian ewe genome were detected. This wide range of genetic variation provides a framework for further genetic studies that will help understand the molecular basis underlying phenotypic variation of economically important traits in sheep and improve intrinsic defects in domestic sheep breeds.
​Effects of Genotypic Diversity on Insect-pests of Soybean
Authors: Meena Lokesh Kumar , Rajesh Vangala , Sharma Amar Nath
Published: July 2021

Background: Intercropping and mixed cropping based on two or more different crops have been widely used in Insect Pest Management to manage the population density of insect pests in various crops like maize with soybean, sorghum with soybean and sunflower with soybean. Genotypic diversity is the mixture or combination of various varieties/lines/genotypes of a crop. It decreases the insect-pests population by unfitness of crop to them due to intraspecific diversity such as mixture of susceptible and resistant varieties. Also, it increases the natural enemy population more due to longer period of flowering, availability of wide diverse food, more movement of herbivores etc. This concept has also been used successfully to manage insect-pests in maize, wheat and potato. In India, this connect is used in very small scale in crop. The objective of this study was to determine effects of genotypic diversity by comparing the population densities of major insect pests between monoculture of single variety and mixture of varieties. Methods: To test the effects of genotypic diversity on soybean insect-pest and their natural enemy population an experiment was laid in kharif 2018 and 2019 at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore. All recommended agronomic package of practices were followed for raising of crop. Randomized block design with three replication having plot size of 9 rows of 5 meter row length was used. Totally 20 treatments were chosen for this experiment and out of 20 four treatments namely, T1, T6, T11 and T16 were the treatments of four varietal mixture treatments of almost similar maturity duration and agronomic traits and rest of treatments were of sole varietal treatments. Observations were made on insect-pests from 10 selected plants in each plot on three leaves selected at top, middle and lower portion of plant. Result: Effects of genotypic diversity in soybean revealed that for whitefly management T11 (NRC-86, JS-335, JS-2098 and RKS-45) was found most effective treatment. In case of mite, thrips and treehoppers management T1 (JS-9560, JS-20-34, MAUS-47 and MAUS-1460) was found most effective treatment. For leafhopper and mealy bug T6 (JS-9305, JS-2029, RVS-2001-4 and Dsb-28-3) was found most effective treatment. While for spittlebug T16 (NRC-37, JS-9752, RSC-1046 and RKS-113) was found most effective treatment. So, genotypic diverse treatments were found more effective than their respective sole varietal treatments.
​Effect of Agronomic Manipulations on Morpho-physiological and Biochemical Responses of Rainfed Redgram [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]
Authors: Ammaiyappan A. , Paul R. Arockia Infant , Veeramani A. , Kannan P.
Published: July 2021

Background: Pulses play an important role in Indian agriculture and they are the rich sources of protein. Redgram is an essential food legume, mostly cultivated under rainfed condition in India. Due to increasing population the demand of pulses is increased; hence the redgram productivity has to be increased to meet out the requirement. To overcome this problem an investigation was carried out to study the effect of crop geometry, modified canopy architecture and 1% PPFM application on morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of rainfed redgram during north-east monsoon season. Methods: The treatments comprised of varied crop geometries viz, broad casting (farmer’s practice), high density planting at 30 × 30 cm and recommended spacing of 60 × 30 cm; modified canopy architectures viz. nipping of primary branches at 45 and 60 days after the receipt of soaking rain and foliar application of 1% PPFM spray at 50% flowering to avoid the moisture stress. Result: The results revealed that sowing at 60 × 30 cm spacing with nipping at 45th day recorded significantly higher seed yield and protein yield of redgram in rainfed condition. Further, nipping at 45th day showed higher level of relative water content (51.6%) associated with lower level of proline (26.61 mg g-1).
A Critical Review on Blended Learning Versus Traditional Lecture Method
Authors: Hafeez Muhammad
Published: July 2021

From the beginning of 21st century, the leaning stratigies have been changed from traditional to information and communication based. A critical review of published articles about blended and traditional leaning stratigies has been conducted to highlight the importance and significance of both learning stratigies. Thirty-six (36) research articles published in various databases in various disciplines have been selected for review.  The review of literature showed that in most of the studies, the blended learning strategy proved to be more effective learning strategy against the traditional lecture method. From thirty-six published articles reviewed, twenty-five studies showed a statistically more significance value in blended learning approach for academic achievement, critical and creative skills in various disciplines. So, on the basis of this study, it is strongly recommended that blended learning strategy must be applied to achieve high academic and professional results.
Investigation of middle school seventh- and eighth-grade students’ modelling skills
Authors: Ozulu Yunus Emre
Published: July 2021

This study seeks to examine the mathematical modelling skills of middle school seventh- and eighth-grade students. Participants were formed by eight secondary school students studying at a state secondary school in a medium-sized district of a medium-sized province in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey in the 2020–2021 academic year. It is a qualitative research and is designed as a case study. The whole process was recorded by video by having the students work on the mathematical modelling activity named ‘Team Fiction’ prepared by the researcher. In the collection of data, the group work form and report form prepared by the researcher, along with student solution papers and researcher’s observation notes were used. All the data obtained were subjected to descriptive analysis and the following results were obtained: it is thought that regular modelling studies in schools will contribute to the development and change of modelling competencies of students.
 
Keywords: Mathematical modelling, modelling skills, modelling activities, school students, middle school.
An empirical research on the adequacy of task-induced involvement load hypothesis: A case for intentional vocabulary learning
Authors: Jahangard Ali
Published: July 2021

The present study aimed at examining the adequacy of the task-induced involvement load hypothesis in intentional learning. An investigation was carried out to find out whether proficiency level of learners had a role in the effectiveness of the vocabulary tasks with different involvement loads. One hundred and thirty-six university students were randomly assigned into four task groups, each of which included upper and lower intermediate learners. Reading comprehension and discussion, reading comprehension and gap filling, reading comprehension plus sentence-making and reading comprehension plus translation with different involvement loads were compared against each other in terms of the immediate and delayed retention of new words. The study partially supported the involvement load hypothesis in that the task with the highest involvement loads resulted in better immediate and delayed retention of new words. The results of the experiment also showed that tasks with similar involvement loads might not result in similar amounts of vocabulary learning.
 
Keywords: Task-induced involvement, load hypothesis, vocabulary learning, word retention, task.
El proceso de diseño ya no es lo que era entonces
Authors: Plotquin Silvio
Published: July 2021

La Papelera Koch Polito constituye el último de los proyectos en los que Baudizzone, Díaz, Erbin, Lestard, Traine y Varas -BDELTV- experimentaron con sistemas estándar de mercado y materiales novedosos en formas innovadoras. El caso permite verificar la agenda del BDELTV: relación entre forma, logística y costos; el vínculo entre mercado de la construcción y las expectativas de patrones y clientes y sus especulaciones respecto de los contenidos de la arquitectura y la comunicación pública. Con edificios específicos o sorpresivas instalaciones artísticas inspiradas por sitios determinados, identificadas en el medio artístico como los happenings, la modernización “tomó el mando” y el ciudadano común se encontró inmerso en un universo cotidiano de creatividad y sorpresas. La arquitectura de BDELTV parece haberse nutrido de ese ciclo de creatividad y fuga, de exploración y desafío a las convenciones, cruzando los campos de la arquitectura y la plástica.
PERBANDINGAN TINGKAT EFISIENSI PERUSAHAAN REASURANSI SYARIAH DI INDONESIA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DEA
Authors: Ghoni Abdul , Efendi Ramdan
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat efisiensi antara perusahaan reasuransi syariah di Indonesia, baik yang berbentuk Unit Usaha Syariah (UUS) maupun yang berbentuk full pledged dengan menggunakan metode Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Penelitian ini menggunakan data perusahaan reasuransi syariah tahun 2018 dan tahuhn 2019 dengan data input adalah asset dan beban umum, sedangkan data output adalah laba dan pendapatan usaha. Dari hasil olah data menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan reasuransi syariah baik yang berbentuk unit usaha maupun yang full pledged tingkat efisiensinya terhadap laba dan pendapatan tidak dapat dibandingkan.Kata Kunci: Efisiensi, Reasuransi Syariah, DEA. ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the level of efficiency between Sharia reinsurance companies in Indonesia, both in the form of a Sharia Business Unit (UUS) or in the form of a full pledged using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. This study uses data from Sharia reinsurance companies in 2018 and 2019 with the input data being assets and general expenses, while the output data are profits and operating income. The results of data processing show that sharia reinsurance companies, both in the form of business units and full pledged ones, are not comparable in terms of efficiency of profit and income.Keywords: eficiency, Reinsurance Sharia, DEA.
Product design Lifecycle information model (PDLIM)
Authors: Niu Xiaojing , Wang Meili , Qin Shengfeng
Published: July 2021

In the era of Industry 4.0, in response to rapidly changing market and customer needs, product design and development (PDD) is evolving into a human-centred and data-driven design paradigm. The design environment gets more open often involving crowdsourcing and the design process becomes more complex, considering product family design along product whole lifecycle development, and needing more data support. Therefore, it is critical to effectively capture, share, and manage design-related information in such a complex design environment. From this perspective, it is a prerequisite to have a proper product design lifecycle information model (PDLIM) to guide information gathering, sharing and managing. To the best of our knowledge, currently, there lacks such a PDLIM to support effective product design and development (PDD), though digital twin (DT) technology shows a great potential of supporting product lifecycle information collection and management. In this paper, the overall structure of the proposed PDLIM is firstly developed to frame in all main product lifecycle stages and the corresponding key phases for structurally capturing and storing necessary data along a product lifecycle. Secondly, key design information items against the main product lifecycle stages and their corresponding key phases are explored from literature reviews and case study analyses. Thirdly, the necessity of the identified information items in the PDLIM is qualitatively evaluated by two case studies. Finally, the PDLIM is further evaluated by applying formal object-role modelling (ORM) to demonstrate how design information items are used and interacted in exemplary design interaction scenarios, and to approve that it can be formally described and managed as an information model. The evaluation results show that the PDLIM is feasible to be adapted in a crowdsourcing-combined PDD process for supporting design management, reviewing, quality control, and next round product redesign and improvement.
Neurotrauma in the Syrian War: Analysis of 41,143 cases from July 2013-July 2015
Authors: Fatima Nida , Mowafi Hani , Hariri Mahmoud , Alnahhas Houssam , Al-Kassem Anas , Saqqur Maher
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Despite nearly a decade of conflict, little is known about trauma and injuries resulting from the Syrian war.

Methods

Secondary analysis was conducted of an administrative dataset of patient presentations to a network of 95 war-affected hospitals in Syria from July 2013 - July 2015. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with mortality of neurotrauma patients.

Results

Of 193,618 overall trauma presentations, 41,143 were for neurotrauma (37,410 head trauma, 1,407 spinal trauma and 3,133 peripheral nervous system). There were 31,359 males (76.2%) and 9,784 females (23.8%). Males aged 19-30 years (10,113; 24.6%) were the largest single demographic group. Presumed non-combatants including females, elders and children under 13 years (16,214; 39.4%) were the largest group of patients overall. There were 16,881 (41.0%) presentations with blunt injuries (blunt/crush injuries) and 21,307 (51.8%) patients with penetrating injuries (shrapnel, cut, gunshot). A total of 36,589 patients (89.6%) were treated and discharged from the hospital, 2,100 (5.1%) were transferred to another facility, 2,050 patients (5.0%) died in-hospital, 26 remained in the hospital (0.1%), 108 (0.3%) had unknown disposition. The median length of hospital stay was 1 day. There were 4,034 (9.7%) neurosurgical procedures documented. Patients with combined neurotrauma and general trauma suffered 30 times higher mortality than neurotrauma alone (aOR: 30.4; 95%CI: 20.8-44.2, p<0.0001).

Conclusion

The Syrian War resulted in large volumes of neurotrauma patients. Presumed non-combatants comprised 39.4% of patients who survived to treatment at a facility. Further study is needed on long-term needs of neurotrauma victims of the Syrian war.
Music Emotion Recognition
Authors: kambaiahgari tejaswini , K Uma Rao
Published: July 2021

In the present world, there are many songs over the internet. But the information retrieval on these songs can be complicated. This paper intends to classify songs based on emotions using deep learning. We propose a strategy to recognize the emotion present in a song by classifying their spectrograms, which contains both time and frequency information. According to human psychology, neurons within a sub pop- ulation of our brain did not react the same way for all the emotions.So only specific neurons need to be triggered for identifying an emotion. Dif- ferent deep learning and machine learning algorithms are implemented to build music emotion recognizer. The main objective of this study is to study about the features which are important for audio file ,to de- velop a music emotion classifier using deep learning algorithm and also to validate the model.The datasets are split into training and testing sets, models are trained with training data set. The accuracy of Artifi- cial Neural Network (ANN) model is 79.7% ,K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) model is 78.26% and logistic regression for gender classification is 81%.
Highly Efficient Debromination of 4,4ʹ-dibrominated Diphenyl Ether by Organic-palygorskite Supported Pd/Fe Nanoparticles
Authors: Shao Jiang , Zhang Yi , Liu Zongtang , Fei Zhenghao , Sun Yufeng , Chen Ziyan , Wen Xiaoju , Shi Weizhong , Wang Dandan , Gu Chenggang
Published: July 2021

Organic-palygorskite (OP) supported Pd/Fe nanoparticles composite (OP-Pd/Fe) was prepared by stepwise reduction method. The removal capacity of 4,4ʹ-dibrominated diphenyl ether (BDE15) by OP-Pd/Fe was compared with other various materials. For better understanding the possible mechanism, the synthesized and reacted OP-Pd/Fe materials were characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, and XPS, respectively. The effects of major influencing parameters on the degradation of BDE15 were also studied. Benefit from the synergistic effect of the carrier and bimetallic nanoparticles, BDE15 could be completely debrominated into diphenyl ether (DE) under suitable conditions. A two-stage adsorption/debromination removal mechanism was proposed. The degradation of BDE15 with OP-Pd/Fe was mainly stepwise debromination reaction, and hydrogen transfer mode was assumed as the dominated debromination mechanism. The removal process fitted well to the pseudo first-order kinetic equation. The observed rate constants increased with increasing Pd loading and OP-Pd/Fe dosage, while decreased with increasing initial BDE15 concentration, the tetrahydrofuran/water ratio, and the initial pH of the solution. The work provides a new approach for the treatment of PBDEs pollution.
Monitoring the tissue perfusion during hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation: Tissue-to-arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure gradient in a pig model
Authors: Endo Yusuke , Hirokawa Taku , Miyasho Taku , Takegawa Ryosuke , Shinozaki Koichiro , Rolston Daniel M , Becker Lance B. , Hayashida Kei
Published: July 2021

Background: Transcutaneous CO2 (tcPCO2) and arterial CO2 (artPCO2) decoupling occurs during shock states. Our study aimed to test the hypothesis that the gradient between tcPCO2 and artPCO2 (tc-artPCO2) can detect inadequate tissue perfusion during hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. Methods: This prospective animal study was performed by a qualified and experienced research team using female pigs (LWD, weighing 29–34 kg) at university-based experimental laboratory. Progressive massive hemorrhagic shock was induced in mechanically-ventilated pigs by stepwise blood withdrawal. Next, all the animals were then resuscitated by transfusing the stored blood in stages. A transcutaneous monitor was attached to the animals’ ear to measure the tcPCO2 and transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcPO2). The pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) and pulse index continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) were used to monitor several hemodynamic parameters. Results: Hemorrhage and blood transfusion precisely impacted hemodynamic and laboratory data, such as cardiac output (CO), stroke volume, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, global end-diastolic volume, hemoglobin, and arterial lactate. The tc-artPCO2 level markedly increased as CO decreased. In the analyses of the 42 paired measurements, there were significant correlations of tc-artPCO2 with systemic oxygen delivery (DO2) and CO (DO2: r = -0.83, CO by PAC: r = -0.79; CO by PiCCO: r = -0.74; all P < 0.0001) levels. The critical level of oxygen delivery (DO2crit) was 11.72 mL/kg/min according to tcPO2 (at a threshold of 30 mmHg). The receiver operating characteristic curve analyses revealed that the area under the curves (AUCs) that predicted DO2crit for tc-artPCO2, shock index (SI), and lactate were 0.94 (95% confidence interval, 0.87-1.00); 0.78 (0.63-0.93); and 0.65 (0.47-0.82), respectively. The AUC for tc-artPCO2 was greater in predicting DO2crit than that for SI.Conclusions: tc-artPCO2 was strongly correlated with DO2 during hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. This less-invasive tc-artPCO2 monitoring can sensitively detect inadequate systemic O2 supply during hemorrhagic shock. Further evaluations are required in different forms of shock in other large animal models and in humans to assess its usefulness, safety, and ability to predict outcomes in critical illnesses.
Validation of the Norwegian Versions of the Implementation Leadership Scale (ILS) and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) in a Mental Health Care Setting
Authors: Braathu Nora , Laukvik Erlend Høen , Egeland Karina M. , Skar Ane-Marthe Solheim
Published: July 2021

Background: The implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) is of crucial importance in health care institutions and requires effective management from the leaders. However, there is a lack of sufficient assessment tools to evaluate the degree to which the employees´ rate how well their leaders are at implementing EBPs. This emphasizes the need for a validated and widely used implementation scale for EBPs. Methods: The current study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and the Implementation Leadership Scale (ILS) in a Norwegian mental health care setting. Results: Results from confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the MLQ and ILS were valid instruments for measuring general and implementation leadership. The scales demonstrated good convergent validity. In addition, attitudes towards EBPs did not seem to be associated with the ILS and the MLQ, further supporting the applicability of the instruments. Conclusions: The two scales demonstrate good psychometric properties in a Norwegian mental health care setting, which suggests that the MLQ and ILS are valid and reliable tools for measuring leadership in an implementation setting. More research is highly needed to disentangle the link between perceived leadership and objective measures of successful implementation of EBPs. Trial registration: NSD 690133, NSD 60059/3/OOS
Effect of The Body Water and The Body Composition, Calculated by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, On Contrast-Enhanced Dynamic Computed Tomography Images of The Liver.
Authors: Masuda Takanori , Nakaura Takeshi , Funama Yoshinori , Sato Tomoyasu , Arataki Keiko , Oku Takayuki , Masuda Shouko , Arao Shinichi , Hiratsuka Jyunichi , Awai Kazuo
Published: July 2021

To improve its diagnosis on contrast-enhanced dynamic CT (CE-DCT) scans, contrast injection protocol must yield stable arterial contrast enhancement. To investigate how the body-water distribution and the body composition, calculated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), affect aortic and hepatic enhancement on CE-DCT scans. 236 patients with liver cirrhosis underwent CE-DCT before BIA. The CT number (in Hounsfield units, HU) of the abdominal aorta at the celiac artery level on unenhanced scans and during the hepatic arterial phase (HAP) scans was recorded. And, the mean CT number of the hepatic parenchyma of both hepatic lobes at the celiac artery level on unenhanced and portal venous phase (PVP) scans was recorded. We calculated changes in the iodine dose per contrast enhancement (mgI/HU) (IDCE) to evaluate the effect of the patient age and of various constituents of the body composition by performing BIA. The IDCE of the abdominal aorta during HAP was 121.5 ± 32.1 mgI/HU; it was 698.7 ± 211.1 mgI/HU in the hepatic parenchyma during the PVP. Among the parameters used in our BIA, the total body weight (TBW) was the most important factor affecting the IDCE of the liver abdominal aorta on CE-DCT scans acquired during the HAP (r = 0.83). The TBW and the skeletal muscle index most strongly affected the IDCE of the hepatic parenchyma on CE-DCT scans obtained during the PVP (r = 0.69). The TBW had the strongest effect on contrast enhancement. The skeletal muscle index exhibited the strongest correlation with hepatic parenchymal contrast enhancement during the PVP.
Factors Affecting the Evolution of Chinese Elderly Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Cui Longyan , Ding ding , Chen Junfeng , Wang Minghui , He Fanrong , Yu Shiyang
Published: July 2021

Background: In the past decades, China's rapid economic growth has been accompanied by rapid changes in lifestyle and an increasing prevalence of mental disorders. This study explored the changes and factors associated with depression among the elderly population of China from 2011-2018.Method: Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The total sample size consists of 21,034 individuals aged ≥ 60 years, and the sample sizes in 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018 were 5081, 4853, 5027, 6343, respectively. Depressive symptoms were measured by the 10-item Short-Form developed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression.Result: We found that the tendency in depression rate of the Chinese elderly from 2011 (36.8%) to 2018 (44.5%). The results showed poor health (OR=3.553), respondents in 2018 (OR=2.213), ADL damage (OR=2.010), multiple chronic diseases (OR=1.287), and western (OR=1.777) are risk factors for depression.Conclusion: The rate of depression of the elderly people in China has risen dramatically. Therefore, additional steps to prevent, treat and care for the affected population are needed, Mental health prevention and treatment strategies should be incorporated into China’s public health policies in a timely manner to mitigate the serious economic burden caused by the increase of depression.
Identification of the first COVID-19 infections in the US using a retrospective analysis
Authors: García-García David , Morales Enrique , Fuente-Nunez Cesar de la , Vigo Isabel , Fonfría Eva S. , Bordehore Cesar
Published: July 2021

Accurate detection of early COVID-19 cases is crucial to drastically reduce infection, hospitalization, and death rates. However, it remains a challenge and methods for identifying initial COVID-19 cases are urgently needed. Here, we used the results from a seroprevalence study in 50 US states to apply our Retrospective Methodology to Estimate Daily Infections from Deaths (REMEDID) with the aim of analyzing the initial stages and spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections across the United States (US). Our retrospective data analysis revealed that the virus likely entered the country through California on December 28, 2019, which corresponds to 16 days before the officially recognized entry date established by the CDC. Thus, REMEDID provides evidence that SARS-CoV-2 entered the U.S. earlier than previously reflected in official data. Collectively, our mathematical modeling more accurately estimates the initial COVID-19 cases in the US, may be extrapolated to other countries, and may be used to retrospectively track the progress of the pandemic. Approaches such as REMEDID may enable health authorities to accelerate preventative measures aimed at controlling pandemics within weeks of their onset.
Intercropping Sedum Alfredii and Cicer Arietinum L. Does Not Present a Suitable Land Use Pattern For Multi-Metal-Polluted Soil
Authors: Niu Hong , Jia Yifan , Sun Jie , Yang Pan , Cao Min , luo jie
Published: July 2021

Background and aims Intercropping of hyperaccumulators with commercial crops is widely accepted in single-metal-polluted farmland. However, the ecological risks of non-hyperaccumulated metals in intercropping systems have not been revealed. Methods To evaluate Pb and Cu activation and absorption in an intercropped system of Sedum alfredii and Cicer arietinum L., sequential extraction and dissolved organic matter (DOM) characterization were used to describe the migration of metals in the intercropping system. Results This study found that the concentrations of DOM in the S. alfredii monoculture and intercropping system were significantly higher than those in the C. arietinum L. monoculture, and DOM from the former two cultivation strategies had significantly higher Cd, Pb, and Cu extraction capacity than those from the latter. Compared with the C. arietinum L. monoculture, C. arietinum L. intercropping had significantly lower Cd content owing to the depletion of Cd by S. alfredii. However, Cu and Pb concentrations in the former were significantly higher than those in the latter because S. alfredii mobilized these metals but did not hyperaccumulate them. Conclusion The results indicated that intercropping efficiently decreased the potential risk of Cd, but deteriorated the ecological risk of Pb and Cu. Therefore, intercropping does not present a suitable land-use pattern for multi-metal-polluted soil.
How to Motivate Individuals to Take Responsible Ocean Action: the Mediate Effect of Attitude Towards the Ocean
Authors: Liu Guang-Ying , Lin Yi-Chen , Yeh Ting-Kuang
Published: July 2021

When considering how to improve public literacy and behavior related to specific themes, top priority is usually given to strategies to enhance knowledge and understanding. However, recent evidence has shown that attitude could be an important factor in the development of behavior. The aim of this study is to explore the relationships among ocean knowledge, attitude towards the ocean, and intention to take responsible behavior in the marine setting. After recruiting a total of 266 volunteers, participants’ ocean knowledge, their attitudes towards the ocean, and their intention to behave responsibly were evaluated using questionnaires. The results indicate that attitude may be more important than knowledge in terms of the effect on intention, and a person’s attitude towards the ocean may indeed be the full mediator between ocean knowledge and their intention to show responsible marine behavior. Based on these results, the development of marine policy and public education should consider the importance of attitude in achieving the primary aim, of ensuring that people engage in responsible ocean behavior. At the same time, it is noted that appropriate knowledge provides people with insights that may determine the correctness of their behavior.