bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF PRE AND POST EXPOSURE PREVENTIVE MEASURES ON SERUM CHOLINESTRASE LEVEL IN ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS SPRAY WORKERS
Authors: PERVAIZ ZARIF  , ZUBIA IQBAL  , TUFAIL AHMAD
Published: May 2023

In Pakistan organophosphorus compounds are basic necessity in current farming system. In addition to their benefits in yielding good crops, it causes health hazards to its users; particularly spray workers. Excessive use, inappropriate handling and unsatisfactory personal protective measures while spraying OPs put sprayers at increased risk for acute as well as chronic health hazards. This aspect of occupational exposure is less explored area in Pakistan. Almost all OPs share a general mechanism of action, by phosphorylation of cholinesterase enzyme and buildup acetylcholine neurotransmitter level at nerve terminals.

Objective: The objective of present study was to measure levels of plasma cholinesterase in pesticide spray workers who take and who do not take pre and post exposure preventive measures. Material and Methods: Serum cholinesterase levels were measured in 123 rural male spray workers selected through purposive sampling method from Lahore district of Punjab. This was done using spectrophotometric analysis. Serum cholinesterase level was measured by means of kits. A planned questionnaire was arranged to get demographic and data about use of pre and post exposure preventive measures.

Results: All spray workers were males with a mean age of 34±9 years, with a mean duration of work experience 10±7 years. The usage of pre and post spraying protective measures in sprayers was significantly correlated with somewhat high mean values of serum cholinesterase activity (6055 u/l) and with a minor risk of OPs related illness, as compared to those sprayers who did not use these devices (4217 u/l) .

Conclusion: The above mentioned results propose that sprayers in regular contact with OPs must be screened by clinical symptoms along with serum cholinesterase enzyme levels. It can identify those spray workers who are at threat to develop chronic toxicity. Health education must be given about adopting pre and post exposure preventive measures.
Application of Mastic Asphalt Using Rubber Added Modified Bitumen
Authors: ALUÇ Salih , AHISKALI Adem
Published: May 2023

Transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another place. Besides there are many transportation systems in our country, road transportation has the most important place and has a share of 95 percent. Highways are structures that are built flexibly and rigidly on the ground floor and allow fast, safe and comfortable passage of vehicles. A road network that has an orderly distribution has become an important element in the development of countries. Because a strong and comfortable road network provides easy access to energy resources, fast and timely delivery of the products produced and saving time. Today, it is obvious that many studies need to be done in bitumen by adding various additives to bitumen in order to make the roads built more comfortable and durable. While polymer modification is now being applied effectively, it comes up to the agenda that it will provide better compaction and economic contributions by increasing the processability properties. Thanks to such additives, the workability feature can contribute to performance. In this study, different proportions of rubber additives, modified bitumen and mastic asphalt applications were discussed. Today, SMA (Stone, Mastic, Asphalt) layer is used as a high quality wear layer. SMA layers, which are generally obtained from mixtures of 70 - 80% coarse aggregate, 20 - 30% fine aggregate and 6 - 8% asphalt type (high amount of space between aggregates) stands out due to its features such as being more resistant to permanent damage and abrasion, higher quality and being more homogeneous and impermeable. any project success is defined by techniques improved quantity to facilitate effective cost control, cost and time estimation.
ALTERNATIVA DE CONSTRUÇÃO RESIDENCIAL SUSTENTÁVEL ECOLOGICAMENTE CORRETA E ECONOMICAMENTE VIÁVEL
Authors: Paiva Andrade Carolina , Keroly Bezerra Alexandrino Letícia , Iury Alves Lira Carlos , Gonzaga Lapa Junior Luiz
Published: May 2023

A construção civil, a partir da expansão econômica, trouxe problemáticas sociais e ambientais para as cidades brasileiras como o excesso de entulhos e resíduos sólidos. Com base nessa problemática e na busca por construções mais sustentáveis, este trabalho tem como objetivo geral analisar as tecnologias construtivas existentes que reduzam os custos de construção e que diminuam os custos de manutenção, comparando-as entre si. Trata-se de uma Revisão Narrativa da Literatura de cunho qualitativa que contemplou 10 artigos resultantes de buscas realizadas na base de dados Google Acadêmico a partir das palavras-chave “técnicas construtivas” e “permacultura” e “sustentabilidade”, combinados a partir do operador booleano AND. Os artigos selecionados resultaram na análise e classificação de três seções de elementos construtivos: fundações, estruturas, vedações e esquadrias. Conclui-se que há soluções sustentáveis economicamente viáveis e que visem a redução dos resíduos sólidos.
Test Submission
Authors: Turner Paul
Published: May 2023

Testing ORCID data import. Test abstract text.
Efektivitas Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) Pada Hama Utama Tanaman Tomat (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) di Desa Bukit Pinang, Kecamatan Pahandut, Kota Palangka Raya
Authors: Kulu Ici Piter
Published: May 2023

Efektivitas Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) Pada Hama Utama Tanaman Tomat (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) di Desa Bukit Pinang, Kec. Pahandut, Kota Palangka Raya. Dilaksanakan di lahan milik Bapak Yani kelompok tani Rukun Bersama, di desa Bukit Pinang, Kec. Pahandut, Kota Palangka Raya. Waktu pelaksanaan penelitian dimulai pada bulan April-Juli 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non-faktorial, yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 5 kali sehingga didapatkan 20 satuan percobaan. Perlakuan yang digunakan terdiri dari: P0 = Tanpa insektisida nabati (Kontrol 0%), P1 = Ekstrak daun pepaya konsentrasi 200 ml/L, P2 = Ekstrak daun pepaya konsentrsai 400 ml/L, P3 = Ekstrak daun pepaya konsentrsai 600 ml/L. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Mortalitas total% hama pada tanaman tomat paling rendah terdapat pada perlakuan kontrol dengan tingkat kematian hama 0, dan mortalitas hama paling tinggi terdapat di perlakuan P3 dengan konstrasi 600ml/L sebesar 2,60%. Intensitas serangan paling rendah dalam pengendalian hama tanaman tomat dengan menggunakan ekstrak daun pepaya yaitu dengan konsentrasi 600ml/L sebesar 3,18% dan perlakuan kontrol yang kerusakan paling tinggi mencapai 6,98%. Efektivitas ekstrak daun pepaya pada perlakuan ekstrak daun pepaya konsentrasi 600ml/L yang paling baik karena mempunyai keefektivan dengan nilai Ei sebesar 59,1%, kemudian disusul dengan perlakuan P1 dengan konsentrasi ekstrak daun pepaya 200 ml/L dengan Ei 37,59%. Dan efikasi terendah terdapat pada perlakuan P2 dengan konsentrasi ekstrak daun pepaya 400 ml/L dengan Ei 32,58%.
Assessing the Impact of the Readers’ Theatre Program on Low-achieving Students: An Inclusive Evaluation Approach
Authors: Lin Su-ching , Tseng Yi-Yun
Published: May 2023

English education should not only focus on listening, speaking, reading, and writing but also emphasize the application of English in real-life situations, linking it to students' life experiences. However, low-achieving students often lag in English literacy, pronunciation, and reading comprehension and lack learning motivation, even giving up engaging in classroom activities and becoming "guests" in the classroom. An inclusive evaluation emphasizes diversity and inclusiveness in program evaluation and concerns marginalized and underserved groups. This study supports the spirit of inclusive evaluation that concerns disadvantaged and underserved groups' rights and interests. Accordingly, this study investigates the impact of the readers' theater program (RTP) on low-achieving students' spoken English fluency, reading comprehension ability, and English learning attitudes. The participants comprised 20 fifth graders: Seven high-achieving students, seven middle-achieving students, and six low-achieving students. The study was conducted over 12 weeks. The study collected data using three instruments: The English oral reading fluency test (pronunciation correctness, reading speed, and expression), the English reading comprehension ability test, and the English learning attitude scale. Descriptive statistics and paired samples t-tests were used to analyze the pre-test and post-test data. The findings of this study indicated that the RTP effectively improves the English oral reading fluency and reading comprehension ability of low-achieving students and enhances their positive learning attitudes through interaction with peers. The reasons contributing to RTP can significantly improve low-achieving students' English learning might be the relaxed learning atmosphere, group cooperation, and the impact of positive feedback.
The Pink Ribbon and the Season of Hope
Authors:   MVision AI, Helsinki, Finland, Chirila Monica-Emilia
Published: May 2023

What is health? Clearly, it is much more than the absence of pain or disability. The WHO describes it as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and as one of the fundamental human rights(1). These three elements are interconnected, and we all have experienced or witnessed the negative influence of a physical health issue on the emotional or social aspects of our lives.
"Particularities of Cancer Management in HIV+ Patients. Clinical Case Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Visceral Form"
Authors:   Oncology Department, Colțea Clinic Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Florescu Ioana , Pîrvu Edvina Pîrvu ,   Oncology Department, Colțea Clinic Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
Published: May 2023

"Globally, 35 million people are infected with HIV, and this population is at a higher risk of developing cancer. We are reporting the case of a 44-year-old HIV-positive male patient. He smokes and drinks occasionally, but he is otherwise in good health. He was diagnosed with a visceral form of Kaposi sarcoma in January 2022 and has undergone 12 cycles of oncologic treatment with liposomal doxorubicin at our facility."
Muir-Torre Syndrome: a Long Way to Diagnosis
Authors:   ", Turcas Andrada ,   1 Oncology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2 Radiotherapy Department, Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta” Cluj-Napoca, Romania", Fetica Bogdan ,   Pathology Department, Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta” Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Trifa Adrian ,   "4 Department of Genetics, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania 5 Department of Genetics, Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta” Cluj-Napoca, Romania 6 Oncohelp Hospital, Timișoara, Romania ", Nagy Viorica ,   Radiotherapy Department, Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta” Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: May 2023

"Muir-Torre syndrome, a subtype of Lynch syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder. We present the case of a female patient with a long family and personal history who was diagnosed with numerous benign and malignant tumours of various histology, including some with sebaceous features, beginning at the age of 41. The majority were cutaneous tumours, treated with complete resection, but they frequently recurred. Visceral cancers included endocervical adenocarcinoma, vulvar squamous-cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma, treated surgically, followed by systemic oncological treatments and external beam radiotherapy. Following a 20-year evolution, extensive genetic blood testing revealed a pathogenic variant in the MSH2 gene, c.1861C>T (p.Arg621*), in heterozygous state. In light of this unusual clinical presentation and molecular profile, the patient was finally diagnosed with Muir-Torre syndrome. The prognosis was poor, with an inoperable recurrence of the urothelial carcinoma and extensive lymph node dissemination of a vulvar squamous cell carcinoma."
Effect of denoising methods for hyperspectral images classification: DnCNN, NGM, CSF, BM3D and Wiener
Authors: GÜNEN Mehmet Akif , BEŞDOK Erkan
Published: May 2023

Hyperspectral images are widely used for land use/cover analysis in remote sensing due to their rich spectral information. However, these data often suffer from noise caused by various factors such as random and systematic errors, making them less useful for end-users. In this study, denoising methods (i.e., DnCNN, NGM, CSF, BM3D, and Wiener) for hyperspectral images were compared using the Pavia University hyperspectral dataset with four different noise types: Gaussian, Salt & Pepper, Poisson, and Speckle. After denoising, the k-nearest neighbor method was used to classify the image, and statistical and visual performance comparisons were performed on the classified data. Six performance metrics -Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, Precision, F-Score, and G-Mean- were employed to compare the outcomes qualitatively. The findings demonstrate that DnCNN and BM3D have the best outcome performance for all four noise types. Due to their lack of sensitivity and specificity, the CSF and Wiener approaches had low performance for particular noise sources. For all noise types, the NGM approach had the worst results. The validated instruments not provide effective results when it came to denoising Salt & Pepper noise, but they managed to produce outstanding results when it came to denoising Poisson noise. In order to enhance the quality and usability of hyperspectral images for land use/cover analysis, this study emphasizes the significance of choosing an effective denoising technique.
Deterioration analysis of historical village house structure in Mersin Kanlıdivane archaeological area by UAV method
Authors: KARATAŞ Lale , DAL Murat
Published: May 2023

The village house located in the Mersin Kanlıdivane archaeological site is one of the oldest settlements in the ruins, built in the second century. The house is mainly built of a yellowish beige limestone. This stone, which is the main material of the building, shows many deterioration patterns today. The aim of the study is to determine the dominant deterioration pattern of the stones in the village house structure in the Mersin Kanlıdivane archaeological site and to investigate the source of the deterioration. In order to investigate the deterioration patterns in the structure, the images obtained by UAV photogrammetry were interpreted and the types of deterioration were mapped. In the study, it is seen that even the types of material problems based on the smallest detail can be determined based on virtual visual inspection, thanks to UAV photogrammetry, without observing the structure in situ with UAV photogrammetry. The findings obtained in the study shows that the color change and surface loss deterioration on the stone surfaces has reached advanced levels as a result of the structure's exposure to the strong climate-induced sun and water effects for centuries. The results of the study show that the main damage observed on the stone surface of the structure is caused by the erosion by the effect of water. Restoration methods should be tried to stabilize the deterioration and replace the most degraded stones. It is recommended to use water-repellent surface coatings to protect the natural stone, especially against the intense water effect in the building.
Clinical Profile and Quality of Life of Incident Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Firoz Insha , Prabhu Ravindra , Rao Indu , N.K Veena , Nayak Megha Nagaraj , Quadri Basir Ameeque
Published: May 2023

Hemodialysis is the most commonly used treatment modality for end stage renal disease. A 6 months observational study was conducted in the Dialysis unit of Kasturba Hospital, Manipal to study the clinical profile, quality of life with the help of KDQoL SF 36 questionnaire and factors affecting quality of life of hemodialysis patients. A total of 45 participants were included who initiated dialysis in the year 2018 and 2019 and were receiving dialysis in our hospital. Out of 45 participant 77.8% were males and 22.2% were females, the mean age was 55.29 (11.29) years. 23 patient-initiated dialysis in the year 2018 22 patients-initiated dialysis in the year 2019. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases in this population were found to be 95.2%, 35.6% and 8.9% respectively. The mean scores of the sub scales were analyzed with the help of scoring manual and descriptive statistics. In the result it was found the hemoglobin, intradialytic weight gain were found to be positively correlated with the Physical component summary (PCS) and Mental component summary (MCS). Effects of kidney disease was found to be very strongly and positively correlated with dialysis vintage. In the result of the study due to its smaller population we cannot determine more factors which were affecting the Quality of life scores.
Development of Immunity to Hepatitis B Virus Following Hepatitis B Vaccination in Hemodialysis Patient
Authors: Nayak Akshatha P , Firoz Insha , Prabhu Ravindra , Nayak Jayanth , NK Veena , Nayak Megha Nagaraj
Published: May 2023

Background: Hepatitis B infection is common in Dialysis population. Hemodialysis patients have high risk of hepatitis B virus transmission not only due to frequent blood or blood product transmission, decreased response to Hepatitis B vaccine and length on hemodialysis but also due to their immunosuppressed state. Hepatitis B vaccination has the potential to reduce the risk of HBsAg infection in dialysis units. Effective vaccination, blood donor screening, the use of erythropoietin and the isolation of HBV carriers have successfully regulated HBV infection in hemodialysis units (1). This study aims to assess the immunity to HBV the seroconversion of HBsAg infection in hemodialysis unit. This retrospective observational study evaluated serological markers, hepatitis B vaccination status and co morbidities which can affect the immunity levels of patients undergoing hemodialysis. The patient’s data were collected from laboratory investigations and patient record for analysis. Out of 153 CKD-5D patients on maintenance hemodialysis, 39 patients had anti HBs titer <10U/ml, 30 patients had anti HBs titer between 10-100U/ml, 38 patients had anti HBs titer between100-1000 U/ml, 21 patients had anti HBs titer >1000U/ml and 24 patients didn’t check their titer value. Hypertension was the common co morbidity followed by anaemia and diabetes mellitus.
Relationship of Serum Lipid Profile and Blood Pressure with Body Mass Index (BMI)
Authors: Rahman Md. Atiar , Sarkar Chandra Rani , Zahid A.T.M Zoadur Rahim , Rashid Md. Mamun Or , Yasmin Sultana , Parvin Most. Khadiza
Published: May 2023

Background: Obesity and overweight is a disorder of unusually increased body fat generally resulting from increased energy intake relative to energy expenditure and is a primary sustenance-related disorder globally. The extensive increase in its prevalence in current years and its association with reduced life expectancy has made obesity one of the most vital public health problems. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between serum lipid profile and blood pressure with body mass index (BMI). Material Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Rangpur Medical College, Rangpur from January 2013 to December 2013. A purposive sampling technique was followed. A total number of 90 people from 18 to 45 years old were included in the study, categorized into three groups, such as Group-A:(Control 30): Healthy subject of normal weight, Group-B:(Experimental 30): Healthy subject of overweight Group-C(Experimental-30): Healthy subjects of obese. Verbal consent was taken before recruiting the study population. Completed data forms were reviewed, edited, and processed for computer data entry. The data analysis was performed using the “t” test, “r” test Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.0. Results: In group A, the mean BMI of patients was 18.5-22.9, in group B mean BMI of patients was 23.0-24.9, and in group C, the mean BMI of people was 25.0 or greater. The mean ± SD serum LDL-C levels were 107.77 ± 26.720 mg/dl in group A and 134.70 ± 41.787 mg/dl in group B. There was a significant difference (p<0.001) between the two groups. The mean ± SD pulse pressure levels were 38 ± 6.644 mmHg in group A and 41.67 ± 11.167 mmHg in group B. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the two groups. Serum total cholesterol levels were positively correlated in groups A B but the relationship of serum total cholesterol levels was statistically significant in groups A and B. Blood pressure levels were positively correlated in groups A C but the relationship was statistically non-significant. Conclusion: In this current content, it is difficult to define the specific mechanism involved for significantly higher serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, and serum LDL-C levels and non-significantly lesser serum HDL-C levels in overweight obese people and also non-significantly higher blood pressure in overweight people but significantly higher blood pressure in obese subjects.
Socio-Demographic, Clinical and Diabetes Status of Foot Ulcer Patients
Authors: Alom Md. Ashraful , Islam Md. Azizul , Islam Md Shohidul , Khuda Iftekhar Md. Kudrat-E , Roy Monishankor , Islam Md Saiful , Ahmed Sk Shamim
Published: May 2023

Background: Foot ulcers are considered as a serious complication, especially for patients with diabetes. People with diabetes and people with peripheral vascular disease are more likely to develop foot ulcers. If an infection occurs in an ulcer and is not treated in the proper way, it can develop into cellulitis, osteomyelitis, or gangrene that may require some part of the toe, foot, or lower leg to be amputated. The aim of this study was to find the socio-demographic, clinical, and diabetes status of foot ulcer patients. Material & Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, during the period from March 2012 to August 2012. In total 100 patients with foot ulcers in the different surgical units of the mentioned hospital were enrolled in this study as study subjects. Data from the study regarding age, sex, occupation, smoking habit, and socio-demographic condition were recorded in the prescribed questionnaire. The purposive sampling technique was used for this study. All data were processed, analyzed, and disseminated using MS Excel and SPSS version 23 programs as necessary. Results: In this study, the male-female ratio of the participants was 2:1. The maximum number of patients (42%) were from the age of 51-60 years and the highest number of patients were housewives (28%), followed by farmers (22%). Among the total male patients, 87.88% were smokers. Low HDL was found in 51% of patients and 68% of patients had been suffering from diabetes mellitus,18% from Buerger’s disease and 6% from atherosclerosis, and 8% from malignant foot ulcer. Most of the diabetic patients (95.59%) were hyperglycemic on admission and 55.88% had diabetes for 6-10 years. On admission, 3 patients (4.41%) had controlled blood sugar and 65 patients (95.59%) had uncontrolled blood sugar. Conclusion: The frequency of foot ulcers among the male population was higher than that in females. Concerning occupation of the patients, housewives and farmers were the most prevalent. Smokers were most affected groups among the study population. Pre-diagnosed diabetes mellitus for a long period was one of the major clinical issues in most of the patients. Uncontrolled blood sugar was also seen in majority of the patients regarding clinical background.
The Association of Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Pregnant Women
Authors: Kafi Abdullah Al , Khatun Mst. Asia , Shoshi Belona Nasrin
Published: May 2023

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection of diabetic pregnant women because of excess urine glucose excretion and lowered immunity. UTI during pregnancy is directly proportionate to maternal and neonatal complications. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and urological health problems are closely related during pregnancy. DM patients are prone to UTI, bladder issues and sexual dysfunction. The intent of the study was to find out the association of asymptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) with diabetes mellitus (DM) in pregnant women. Material & Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Public Health of Varendra University in Bangladesh for the duration of 4 months in the summer session from May 2018 to August 2018. All the pregnant mothers (N=119) with diabetes mellitus in Chapai Nawabganj during the study period constituted the study population. Ethical clearance was taken from the hospital. The data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.0. Results: Among the study population (N=119), the mean age of the respondents was 25.14 ± 4.82 years, and most of the respondents were in the age group of below 25 years. It was observed that around one-third of the respondents (36,30.3%) monthly income was up to 15,000 taka. Regarding the duration of gestation, it was observed that the mean duration of gestation was 19.06 ± 5.62 weeks. Around one-fourth of the respondents (33,27.7%) had good but unhygienic sanitation and the majority of them (78,65.5%) had good and hygienic sanitation conditions. It was recognized that the majority of the respondents (82,68.9%) had 6-8 times of micturition per day. Sixty-two respondents who had DM did not know about UTI and the relationship between the pattern of DM and urinary tract infection was not found statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: In the case of pregnancy, in women with DM, UTI is the most commonly noticed maternal infection. The findings provided by the analysis might help in the management of asymptomatic urinary tract infections during pregnancy.
Maternal and Perinatal Complications in Eclampsia Patients: Study in a Private Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Parvin , Rawli Marmarin Hamid
Published: May 2023

Background: Eclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication that can lead to seizures and potentially fatal outcomes for both mother and baby. It is most common in developing countries but improved antenatal care and early intervention have significantly decreased its incidence in developed countries. Risk factors for eclampsia include pre-eclampsia, hypertension, obesity, and renal disease, and early detection and management are crucial for preventing adverse outcomes. Magnesium sulfate is the preferred treatment for seizures, and delivery timing depends on disease severity, gestational age, and fetal well-being. Maternal and perinatal mortality rates vary by country, highlighting the need for continued efforts to improve outcomes for those affected by eclampsia. The study aimed to observe the maternal and perinatal complications in eclampsia patients. Material & Methods: This observational study was conducted at the Department of Gynecology, Gonoshasthaya Nagar Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of January 2020 to June 2020. We included a total of 270 patients with eclampsia who were admitted to a tertiary care hospital. A Purposive consecutive sampling method was followed for the selection of the participants. Results: This study analyzed the demographic and clinical characteristics, maternal and perinatal complications, and risk factors of 270 patients with eclampsia. The majority of patients were aged between 20-34 years (77.8%), and 61.1% were multiparous. Over half of the cases (55.6%) presented with eclampsia between 28-36 weeks of gestation, and 38.9% had a history of preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy. The most common symptoms reported were headaches (88.9%). All cases involved hypertensive disorders, and maternal death was reported in 1.9% of cases. Perinatal complications included low birth weight (44.4%), preterm delivery (36.3%), NICU admission (34.8%), stillbirth (4.4%), and early neonatal death (3.0%). Maternal mortality rates were highest among women aged 20-34 years (56.5%), while perinatal mortality rates were highest among women aged under 20 years (20.0%). The highest maternal mortality rate was observed among women with severe eclampsia (91.4%), and time to treatment was a crucial factor in maternal mortality rates. These findings underscore the need for timely and appropriate care to improve maternal and perinatal outcomes, particularly in high-risk populations. Conclusion: Eclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy that can result in significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Early detection, prompt management, and close monitoring of high-risk pregnancies are crucial in preventing adverse outcomes. Further research is needed to identify effective interventions for preventing and managing eclampsia.
Evaluation of the Outcome of Modified Open Sandwich Technique and Conventional Composite Resin Restoration: For Managing Class II Cavity of Primary Molars Among 4- 8 years Old Children
Authors: Rob Saosun Binta , Yeasmin Sarjana , Akhtar Shammi , Ferdous Tanzila , Rubel H. M. Shahriar , Mehanaz Nazia , Moral Mohammad Ali Asgor , Nessa Jebun
Published: May 2023

Background: Dental caries is the most prevalent disease in humans, especially during early childhood. The restoration of such an extensive carious lesion should be done properly to reestablish their anatomy and hence their masticatory, phonetic, esthetic, and space-maintainer functions in the dental arches. Composite resins are the most commonly used tooth-colored restorative material, but many difficulties occur particularly when used directly in posterior restorations. The objective of the study was to compare the clinical effectiveness of the Modified Open Sandwich Technique and Conventional Composite Resin Restoration for managing class II caries on primary molars. Material & Methods: This was a randomized control trial and was conducted in the Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from October, 2021 to September, 2022. In our study we included 68 patients with proximal dental caries of primary molars with reversible pulpitis. The patients were divided by using random sampling technique into two groups – Group A (The modified open sandwich technique, n=34) and Group B (The conventional composite resin restoration, n=34). Results: In total 68 patients from both the groups completed the study. In our study we found mean±SD of age was 5.37±1.24 years. 76.5% of cases of the modified open sandwich technique restorations were & 82.4% of the conventional composite resin restoration were < 6 years. Mandibular primary molars were 64.7% and 53% for the modified open sandwich technique and conventional composite resin restoration respectively. Conventional composite resin restorations showed 32.4% postoperative sensitivity and the modified open sandwich technique restorations showed 11.8%. After 12 months of follow-up, no secondary caries developed. Good marginal adaptation in 100% of cases were found in the modified open sandwich technique and 88.2% for conventional composite restorations. Conclusion: In our study we found that postoperative sensitivity developed more in conventional composite restorations in comparison to the modified open sandwich technique. Initially marginal adaptation showed better in the modified open sandwich method technique. So, conventional and modified open sandwich composite resin techniques were acceptable for primary molar teeth considering secondary caries and marginal adaptation.
The Socio-Demographic Factors and Causes of Substance Abuse Relapse: 36 Cases
Authors: Bhuiyan Shah Mohammad Ashek Uddin , Islam Md. Azizul , Kamal A H M Kazi Mostofa , Jahan Mahbuba Akhter
Published: May 2023

Background: Relapse is frequent among substance abusers all across the world, and Bangladesh is no exception. Drug-related issues are gradually becoming a hot topic in Bangladesh, from a social, economic, and medical standpoint. The present study aimed to find out sociodemographic factors associated with relapse amongst substance abuser. Material & Methods: This descriptive type of observational study conducted in the Combined Military Hospital and other Government/Private Hospital/Institute especially Central Drug Addict Treatment Center, Dhaka with a total sample size of 36 participants. Detailed information was obtained in each case according to protocol through complete history from patients or their accompanying attendants using a data collection sheet which was read out to them in Bangla. All the information was recorded in the pre fixed protocol. Collected data was classified, edited, coded and entered into the computer for statistical analysis by using SPSS-23. Results: The study found that yaba was the most commonly abused drug among 36 participants, with 27.78% reporting abuse. 27.78% of participants had a psychiatric illness, with the majority being male (97.22%) and Muslim (88.89%). The largest group of participants were aged 31-40 (47.22%) and most were unemployed (83.33%) and married (94.44%). Peer pressure and family problems were the most commonly reported causes of relapse (91.67% and 83.33%, respectively). Other factors such as unemployment, depression, and failure in life also contributed to relapse. Conclusion: Yaba was the most prevalent substance of abuse and the majority of participants were male, had a psychiatric illness, and were unemployed. Peer pressure and family problems were the main causes of relapse.
Dyslipidemia Associated with Hypertension Increases the Risks of CHD among cardiac patients: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Saha Sumanta Kumer , Pathan Shiblee Sadik , Moni Tamanna Tabassum , Kadir Md. Rezaul , Haque Aliva , Mithila Sabiha Tabassum
Published: May 2023

Background: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is one of the largest contributors to mortality and morbidity worldwide. Globally, CHD accounts for 17.5 million deaths in 2012, with over 75% of deaths occurring in developing countries. By 2015, 16% of all female and male deaths were caused by CHD. Dyslipidemia is the most common risk factor of CHD for the excessive level of lipids in blood. Most dyslipidemias are hyperlipidemias in developing countries; that is, an accumulation in blood lipids. CHD was 18 times more likely to grow according to hypertension with dyslipidemia category than with non-dyslipidemias. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of dyslipidemia associated with hypertension for coronary heart disease and identify risk factors for CHD among cardiac patients. Material & Methods: This was a case control study and was conducted in the Department of Medicine, LABAID Specialized Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from May,2022 to March,2023. We included 170 cardiac patients in our study. The patients were divided into two groups – Case group (Patients diagnosed with CHD) & Control group. Results: In total 170 patients from both the groups completed the study. In our study we found most of our patients were male (58%) compared to female (42%). We found the mean age was 46.1±11.3 & 47.1±9.3 years in case & control group respectively. Family history of hypertension was significantly higher in case group (52%). Among all patients, BMI was higher in case group. Cholesterol, systolic & diastolic bp was found significantly higher in case group than control group. HDL was found lower & LDL was found higher in case group. Among 85 cases, majority (68%) had dyslipidemia associated with hypertension. We found dyslipidemia was 55% & 36% in case & control group respectively. Hypertension was also found significantly higher in case group. Age ≥ 60 years, family history of CHD, smoking, diabetes & obesity were also individual risk factors of CHD among cardiac patients. In dyslipidemia with hypertension group 68 patients were diagnosed with CHD which is higher than non-hypertension group. Conclusion: In our study, we found that dyslipidemia, hypertension, age ≥ 60 years, family history of CHD, smoking, diabetes & obesity are individual risk factors of CHD development. Relationship of dyslipidemia with coronary heart disease in hypertension is significant. We also found dyslipidemia with hypertension is an established risk factor of prime importance that increased the risks of CHD among cardiac patients.
Associated Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Roy Monish Saha , Uddin MD. Rokun , Roy Haripada , Bhowmik Goutam Chandra , Das Rita , Chakma Purna Jiban , Karim Mirza Nurul
Published: May 2023

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Identifying the risk factors, clinical outcomes, and complications of ACS patients is crucial for optimal patient management and resource allocation. This study aimed to investigate these factors in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Material & Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted with a sample of 100 ACS patients at the Department of Cardiology, Cumilla Medical College Hospital, Cumilla, Bangladesh. The study duration was 6 months, from March 2013 to August 2013. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, physical measurements, risk factors, presenting symptoms, ACS types, and outcome complications. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: The study population comprised 76% males and 24% females, with a mean age of 55.4 years. The most prevalent risk factors were smoking (59%), hypertension (41%), and diabetes mellitus (10%). Chest pain was the most common presenting symptom (86%). STEMI (48%), unstable angina (44%), and NSTEMI (8%) were the identified ACS types. Complications observed included heart failure (9%), cardiogenic shock (8%), conduction defects (10%), and arrhythmias (13%), with no reported deaths. Conclusion: Our findings emphasize the importance of addressing modifiable risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus through targeted interventions and public health initiatives. Additionally, the study highlights the need for healthcare providers to be aware of both typical and atypical presentations of ACS to facilitate prompt diagnosis and treatment. Further research with larger, multicenter studies is needed to better understand the complexities of ACS risk factors and outcomes in Bangladesh and other low- and middle-income countries.
The Effects Between Spinal and General Anesthesia for Pre-Eclamptic Mothers Underwent Caesarean Delivery in a Tertiary Care Hospital- A Comparative Study
Authors: Saha Samar Chandra , Seraji Shariful Islam , Sultana Arjumand
Published: May 2023

Background: Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder characterized by new onset of hypertension systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg and proteinuria >300 mg/24 h arising after 20 weeks of gestation in a previously normotensive woman and associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Women with preeclampsia have an increased rate of cesarean section consequent upon the high incidence of intrauterine growth restriction, fetal distress, and prematurity. The aim of this study was to determine and compare maternal & neonatal outcome among pre-eclamptic women following caesarian delivery under general and spinal anesthesia. Material & Methods: This was a comparative observational study and was conducted in the Department of Anesthesiology of Holy Family red crescent Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from February,2020 to February,2023. In this study we included 250 preeclamptic women undergoing cesarean delivery. The patients were randomly divided into two groups – GA group (Patients who were given general anesthesia) & SA group (Patients who were given spinal anesthesia). Results: In total 250 patients from both the groups completed the study. In our study we found majority (44.8%) of our patients were aged 28-32 years. The mean age was 27.13 ± 3.76 years. Majority (62.8% ) of our patients were cases of emergency caesarean delivery & 37.2% were elective caesarean delivery classes. Most of the students (41.2%) used magnesium sulfate. Intraoperative systolic BP, diastolic BP was significantly lower in SA group than GA group. We found headache, vomiting, fever and wound gaping, postpartum hemorrhage & lower respiratory tract infection was significantly higher in GA group. On contrary, hypotension & pulmonary edema was higher in SA group. Apgar score at 1st, 5th & 10th minutes was significantly higher in GA group than SA group. In GA group, neonatal mortality at 48 h was 10.4% whereas it was 4.8% in SA group. Conclusion: In our study, we found intra-operative blood pressure and pulse rate was observed significantly higher in GA group than SA. Severe preeclamptic mothers receiving general anesthesia and their babies required more critical care support. Maternal as well as neonatal mortality was significantly higher with general anesthesia. Therefore, spinal anesthesia is a safer alternative to general anesthesia among women with severe preeclampsia following caesarean delivery with less postoperative morbidity and mortality.
An Observational Study on Cutaneous Appendageal Tumours with Pilar Differentiation
Authors: Ikram Umera , Shafiki Maryia , Wani Lateef Ahmad , Bilal Sheikh , Mujoo Sami Ullah
Published: May 2023

Background: Cutaneous appendageal tumours belong to a diverse group of tumours with specific histo pathology.The aim of this study is to determine the pattern, age,gender and site distribution of Pilar differentiation tumours. Material & Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Pathology,Government Medical College Srinagar for a period of 18 months. It was an observational cross sectional study.Formalin fixed,paraffin embedded tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain for histopathological analysis. Results: A total of 112 cases of Pilar tumours were studied.108 were benign and 4 were malignant with male to female ratio of 1.07:1. The maximum number of benign cases were observed in 11 -20 years of age group and the malignant tumours age ranges from 35-45 years and the tumour usually presented in the eighth decade.Head and Neck was the most common site. Conclusion: Histopathological examination of Pilar Tumours is the gold standard to differentiate between benign and malignant tumours. It is also useful for exact categorization of cutaneous appendageal tumours.
Pott’s Disease– When & How to Operate?
Authors: Kuddus Md. Ruhul , Siddique Shamiul Alam , Khan Robert Ahmed , Raihan Hafiz Asif , Ahammed Md. Bashir , Mahbub Abdullah Al , Rahman Md. Hasanur
Published: May 2023

Background: Pott’s disease is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that manifests in a variety of clinical patterns. Delays in diagnosis and treatment can lead to serious complications. About 10-40% of patients with spinal tuberculosis may have a neurological deficit. Urgent measures are needed to halt the progression of the disease and deformity, especially to prevent and overcome paraplegia. In regards to management, every case is different and has a unique procedure. It includes simple medical management, simple decompression and debridement, anterior approach, and posterior approach, etc. Surgical decompression of the cord and instrumentation are needed in many cases besides chemotherapy. Although the anterior approach is used for cervical Pott’s disease but this procedure is very time-consuming and technically difficult in the lumbar and dorsal spine, especially in compromised patients and morbidity is more. The posterior approach alone is enough for achieving adequate decompression, debridement, reduction, fusion, reconstruction of the body, and maintaining sagittal alignment in the dorsal and lumbar Pott’s spine. The aim of the study was to describe the treatment modality and observe the outcome of treatment methods and incidence rate of infection sites among the patients of Potts spine. Material & Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh. The study duration was 7 years, from March 2016 to January 2023. During this period, a total of 30 cases of Pott’s disease were included in the study following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: 53.33% had been from the youngest age group of 15-34 years, and 80 % were male. Very few participants had been female in the present study. Back pain was the primary complication for 50% of cases, while spinal infection was observed in the cervical region for 16.67% of cases, 43.33% had infections in the dorsal region, and 30 % in the lumbar region. 10.00% of the participants had been treated with non-surgical methods, with only anti-TB medication for 18 months or more. Posterior decompression was the most common treatment method, with 23.33% having only posterior decompression, and 40.00% having posterior decompression with the use of additional instruments. Conclusion: The study observed that Pott’s disease was most common among young adult males, and the most common sites of spinal infections were in the dorsal and lumbar regions in the present study population, contradictory to the general findings. Decompression treatment, with and without additional instruments, was the most common form of treatment among the present study population.