bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pancreas in the elderly and senile age
Authors: Gubergrits N. B. , Gomozova O. A.
Published: December 2024

A rise in the incidence of age-related maladies, which coincides with an increase in life expectancy, is the most significant issue in clinical medicine. These include pancreatic injury, which manifests primarily as progressive exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). Chronic abdominal ischemic syndrome is the etiological and pathogenetic basis of the syndrome of “aging digestive organs,” including the “aging” pancreas.
Age-related changes in the pancreas include a decrease in the volume of juice and the secretion of pancreatic enzymes due to the progression of fibrosis and atrophy of the pancreas parenchyma caused by the development of chronic ischemia as a result of arterial wall thickening and a decrease in blood flow in the pancreas. Lipoidosis, in which adipose tissue is primarily located around the lobules, and steatosis (fat droplets within the acinar cell) are among the potential causes of the “aging” pancreas.
The pancreas develops cystic dilatation of the ducts as it ages. The diameter of the ducts increases with age not only at the pancreas periphery but also at the head, body, and tail.
General age-related changes, such as atherosclerotic decrease in perfusion, cause specific changes in the pancreas, including a decrease in the volume of functionally active parenchyma, a decrease in the production of enzymes, and a decrease in the volume of secretions, which are manifested by EPI symptoms. EPI and specific age-related changes in the form of a decrease in food intake contribute to maldigestion with a deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins and the development of secondary clinical consequences, such as osteoporosis, which is both age-related and associated with vitamin D deficiency and changes in calcium metabolism.
In the elderly and senile age, patients have both EPI and endocrine insufficiency — diabetes mellitus — since both acinar and islet tissue of the pancreas are affected due to chronic abdominal ischemia.
Clinical manifestations of chronic ischemic pancreatopathy include unstable defecation, diarrhea or constipation, flatulence, malabsorption, decreased tolerance to food load, and weight loss due to decreased pancreatic function. It is important to observe that the pain syndrome is either absent or mildly manifested in these patients.
To treat EPI, a minimum number of medications corresponding to level A of evidence-based medicine must be administered. Mini-microsphere double-coated enzyme preparation Creon® 10 000, 25 000 FIP (the “gold standard” of replacement therapy) meets these requirements. Creon® capsules dissolve in the stomach, which enables the Creon minimicrospheres® to be released from the capsules in the stomach and then freely pass through the pylorus and enter the duodenum, where the coat of the Creon minimicrospheres® dissolves rapidly and enzymes begin to act, contributing to the hydrolysis of nutrients.
Experience in performing and detailing the indications for organ- and function-preserving surgery for chronic pancreatitis based on the classification
Authors: Klimenko V. M. , Klimenko A. V.
Published: December 2024

The authors examined and operated on 54 chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients with pancreatic ductal hypertension. The diagnosis was confirmed according to the clinical course of CP; ultrasound, endosonography, CT, MRI, levels of endogenous insulin, parathyroid hormone, tumor marker CA 19-9, and fecal elastase 1; and intraoperative biopsy material from the head, body, and tail of the pancreas with fibrosis staging (F1–4).
We divided the patients into two groups. The main group included 28 (51.9%) patients, and the comparison group included 26 (48.1%) patients. A therapist and surgeon carefully observed patients in the main group. In compliance with detailed indications (pancreatic ductal hypertension and subcompensated exocrine insufficiency) and presented clinical classification, they underwent an organ-preserving surgery: a complete longitudinal pancreaticoduodenopapillotomy with isolated pancreaticojejunoduodenoanastomosis. The essence of the surgery is a longitudinal total dissection of the main pancreatic duct from the tail of the pancreas through the body and head. The longitudinal section ends with a dissection of the major duodenal papilla and its orifice, as well as the posteromedial wall of the duodenum, 1.5–2 cm long.
Patients in the comparison group underwent the same surgery but were hospitalized on a general basis without targeted supervision by a therapist and surgeon before the surgery.
All 28 patients (100%) in the main group had good long-term results, whereas only 2 (7.7%) in the comparison group did. The quality of life of patients in the main group corresponded to healthy individuals, and the functional state of the pancreas was at the level of subcompensation. According to the study, careful monitoring of the onset of pancreatic ductal hypertension and a decrease in the functional reserve of the pancreas in patients with CP, as conducted in the main group, allows us to determine the indications for timely organ-preserving surgery, which guarantees a high level of quality of life in the long-term perspective.
Changes in the regulation of the immune response in acute necrotizing pancreatitis complicated by multiple organ failure
Authors: Rotar O. V. , Khomiak I. V. , Poliovy V. P. , Hrama O. V.
Published: December 2024

Timely identification of patients with severe acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) is one of the main problems of the modern strategy for its treatment.
Aim: To study the cytokine regulation of the immune response in patients with ANP complicated by multiple organ failure (MOF).
Material and methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 22 patients with ANP complicated by MOF who were treated in the clinic during 2014–2020. We studied changes in blood cells expressing clusters CD11a+, CD162+, CD95+, CD16+, HLA-DR+ molecules, and levels of interleukins IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6. The efficacy of treatment was estimated by MOF duration, the level of postoperative complications, and mortality.
Results: Patients with ANP complicated by MOF exhibited a simultaneous observation of a low level of expression of CD11a+ and CD162+ on immunocompetent cells, along with a 2-fold lower content of CD95+ cells. This contributed to a decrease in the concentration of IL-6, accompanied by a slight increase in IL-4. A permanent decrease in the content of CD11a+-, CD162+- and CD95+-leukocytes simultaneously with a decrease in the concentration of IL-4 and an excessive increase in the levels of IL-2 and IL-6 was associated with a negative course of the disease.
Conclusion: The imbalance in the cytokine regulation of the immune response occurs in patients with ANP complicated by MOF. Patients with an unfavorable disease course in the absence of IL-4 exhibit a progressive and excessive increase in plasma concentrations of IL-2 and IL-6.
Irritable bowel syndrome: a modern perspective on epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment through the lens of the gut microbiome
Authors: Gubergrits N. B. , Mozhyna T. L. , Byelyayeva N. V.
Published: December 2024

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional pathology, the prevalence of which has recently increased significantly in our country, with a corresponding rise in the number of male patients and the predominance of the psycho-emotional factor in the genesis of the disease. The development of IBS is a consequence of the dysfunction of a bidirectional pathway known as the “probiotics — gut — brain” axis. Microbial communities inhabiting the intestines take an active part in ensuring gastrointestinal health as well as in the formation and maintenance of mental health.
Probiotics, in particular psychobiotics that synthesize several neurotransmitters and neuromediators, are recognized as one of the key factors determining the successful functioning of the “probiotics-gut-brain” axis. It is suggested that psychobiotics produce bacterial extracellular microvesicles that can be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, enter the brain, deliver their intracellular contents to the central nervous system, improve neuronal function, and probably also provide astrocytes with glycolytic enzymes that contribute to neuroprotection. Some probiotic strains/mixtures simultaneously have a positive effect on the state of the enteric and central nervous systems, reducing the symptoms of IBS and reducing stress, anxiety, and depression. The article presents evidence of the highest level — meta-analyses and systematic reviews — that confirm the efficacy and safety of the use of probiotics in IBS treatment and reveal the molecular mechanisms of action of psychobiotics.
Probiotic Lactiale® Multi, based on a prototype with proven efficacy and safety, contains 14 probiotic strains that help improve the condition of patients with IBS, reduce abdominal pain, and improve the quality of life of patients. Probiotic Lactiale® Multi is theoretically able to improve the psycho-emotional state of patients due to the microorganisms that synthesize various neurotransmitters. Probiotic Lactiale® Multi can be considered the first national psychobiotic with proven effectiveness, indirectly recommended by World Gastroenterology Organisation experts for the treatment of IBS.
Bone marrow and tumor metastasis: tumor — organism interaction
Authors: Kajryak O. V.
Published: December 2024

The combination of thrombosis and the progression of malignant tumors is a well-known fact. However, the reason for this observed pattern remains unclear. The megakaryocyte, a polyploid cell containing up to 64 haploid sets of human chromosomes, detaches platelets in the bone marrow. Megakaryocytes function not only as hematopoietic cells but also as cells involved in innate immunity. Researchers discovered a phenomenon called emperipolesis in the second half of the 20th century. During emperipolesis, cell coexistence is observed: the host cell phagocytoses the guest cell without lysing it, allowing for the mutual exchange of intracellular contents. With this phenomenon, mutual exchange of intracellular contents is possible. Emperipolesis occurs normally in human bone marrow in 4–6% of cases and increases in stress and chronic inflammation. Besides the neutrophils, the “guests” of the megakaryocyte are macrophages and lymphocytes. In addition to emperipolesis, extracellular vesicles transmit tumor information to bone marrow progenitor cells. Next, the information is transmitted to platelets that contribute to the formation of a blood clot, facilitating the adhesion of both exosomes and circulating tumor cells. Targeted delivery of exosomes and lymphocytes to the target tissue is carried out by adhesion molecules — integrins. They determine both intercellular interaction and cooperation between the parenchyma and the stroma. Integrins are the creators of tissue architecture, as they connect components of the intercellular matrix with the cytoskeleton. These molecules are capable of transmitting information bidirectionally — from the cell to the intercellular environment and vice versa — from the environment to the cell.
Thus, during metastasis of malignant tumors, nucleic acids of a tumor nature from neutrophils, macrophages, exosomes, and memory B cells enter the bone marrow. Due to this, the megakaryocyte receives tumor-specific nucleic acids. The megakaryocyte subsequently transmits this information to platelets. We suggest another way that metastasis might start: it could be through the bone marrow, where cells involved in hematopoiesis can stay for years or even decades. These cells may have received nucleic acids that can turn them into cancer cells or start metastases growing.
Modern trends in diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis (based on the 56th meeting of the European Pancreatic Club, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, June 26–29, 2024)
Authors: Klimenko A. V. , Klimenko V. M.
Published: December 2024

The article provides an overview of selected reports on acute pancreatitis presented at EPC 2024. Genetic factors receive significant attention in the progression of acute pancreatitis to chronic pancreatitis. Mutations in the genes regulating trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen play a special role. It makes sense to use trypsinogen inhibitors in the prevention of exacerbation of recurrent and chronic pancreatitis rather than in the treatment of acute pancreatitis in patients with a proven genetic problem in trypsinogen suppression. Patients with infected necrosis should primarily use an endoscopic step-up approach when treating localized pancreatic necrosis. Transgastric drainage, nasogastric catheter installation, extended crystalloid administration, and local antibiotic administration improve the results. Necrosectomy is most effective when performed concurrently with the placement of a self-expanding stent, as this procedure has demonstrated a reduction in re-interventions and hospital stays. Only patients with infected necrosis should undergo surgery. Gas in the necrotic cavity on CT provides a 94% probability of identifying infected necrosis. A step-up approach allows avoiding unnecessary surgical trauma in critically ill patients, while up to 30% of fluid collections resolve over time without intervention. The incidence of major complications in soft pancreas surgery is 6–24%, pancreatic fistula — 10–40%, postoperative bleeding — 3–8%, and stool retention — 20–34%. A randomized controlled trial found that using hydrocortisone during surgery and in the early days afterward could lower the risk of acute postoperative pancreatitis, which is the main cause of major complications. The determination of trypsinogen-2 in urine is one of the most effective markers. Acute postoperative pancreatitis is a common problem. There is no pathogenetic treatment for acute postoperative pancreatitis. Unfortunately, in most cases, treatment begins a few days after resection of the pancreas, which is the trigger for this problem. We should apply the principles of “therapy without haste” to these patients. For the prevention and treatment of acute postoperative pancreatitis, we should implement strategies such as late initiation of enteral nutrition, targeted infusion therapy, use of proton pump inhibitors, monitoring of amylase in the blood and drains (leaving the drains for a longer period), early CT scanning (on the 3rd day after surgery), and use of steroids (hydrocortisone). This article may be of interest to surgeons with a special focus on the treatment of acute pancreatitis, as well as to a wide range of physicians.
Heritability and additive breeding value in sheep obtained through industrial crossing
Authors: Scarton Victor Delino Barasuol , Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Bandeira Willyan Júnior Adorian , Pradebon Leonardo Cesar , Bruinsma Gabriel Mathias Weimer , Loro Murilo Vieira , Sangiovo Jaqueline Piansanti
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to estimate the heritabilities, the most assertive selection gain for each characteristic of sheep genetic improvement, together with the reference additive genetic value for industrial crosses in the Southern Region of Brazil. The study was carried out in the municipality of Boa Vista do Cadeado - RS, with data collection from 2020 to 2023. The animals were stratified by gender and separated into stalls, with free access to water. The measurements inherent to the parents (50 dams and 5 rams) were carried out at the time of crossing. For the 100 progenies, the height and weight of male and female lambs at birth were measured. The average daily gain of the progenies was obtained, and a standard weighing and height measurement at 80 days after birth. The final weight and carcass yield of the lambs were obtained at the time of animal slaughter. High genetic variability and narrow-sense heritability were obtained in the characteristics weight at birth of male lambs and height at birth of lambs in both genders. Average daily weight gain revealed high heritability with restricted meaning, this attribute being unrelated to the expressed meteorological variables, identifying effective potential for selection. Pressures of 10% and selection intensities of 1.76 can be employed for most traits to be improved through industrial sheep crossbreeding. Industrial crossing is effective not only due to heterotic effects but also due to additive genetic effects expressed in heritability.
Thomas, A. (2024). The Politics and Ethics of Transhumanism. Techno-Human Evolution and Advanced Capitalism. Bristol University Press.
Authors: Rojas-Cortés Nicolás
Published: December 2024

Criticisms of transhumanism are often as weak or even weaker than transhumanist proposals. If we consider that a significant number of criticisms arise from the fear of the dangers that techno-optimistic proposals might pose to human nature—whatever that might mean—then the effectiveness of arguments against transhumanism is null. When technical production is effective, no one cares about the complaints of sages who are detached from the world we inhabit. In this sense, it is refreshing to find a systematic argument against transhumanism that does not rehash conceptual clichés that contribute little, especially when cutting-edge technology belongs to a few entrepreneurs who care little or nothing for the complaints reminiscent of the Vatican.
The Influence of Image Similarity on Impulsive Buying Behavior of Hanoi Youth
Authors: Pham Viet Dung , Vu Dinh Khoa , Van Ngo Quang , Pham Thi Huong Giang , Dang Ngoc Cham
Published: December 2024

The study delved into the intricate relationship between image congruence and consumer behavior, particularly focusing on impulse buying behavior among young adults. Through a comprehensive theoretical framework, it explored the impact of various types of image congruence, such as lifestyle, ideal image, actual image, and ideal social similarity, on emotional value, perceived quality, and ultimately, impulse buying behavior. The research employed a rigorous methodology, including exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, to validate the proposed constructs and hypotheses. Key findings revealed that lifestyle and actual image similarity positively influence perceived value, whereas ideal image similarity impacts emotional value. Perceived value and perceived quality were identified as significant predictors of impulse buying behavior. The study's implications extend to both academia and industry, providing insights into the role of image congruence in consumer behavior and offering practical guidance for marketers in enhancing brand-customer connections. Despite its contributions, the study acknowledges limitations, particularly in exploring ideal social similarity, prompting avenues for future research in this domain.
Aprendizaje colaborativo y la pedagogía de la educación física en niños con rasgos autistas
Authors: Aguas Liquinchana Mónica Gabriela , Taro Joseph
Published: December 2024

Introducción.  El Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) presenta desafíos en educación física debido a dificultades en interacción social, motricidad y comunicación.  Objetivo.  Demostrar el impacto del aprendizaje colaborativo en las dimensiones del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje PEA en clases de educación física. Metodología.  Se empleó un diseño mixto explicativo secuencial, con un enfoque cuantitativo preexperimental y un análisis cualitativo fenomenológico. Participaron 29 niños (27 sin necesidades educativas especiales (NEE) y 2 con TEA), evaluados en cinco dimensiones del PEA (interacción social, desempeño motriz, cognición, inclusión y rol docente) mediante una ficha validada (α=0,868). Los datos se analizaron estadísticamente y mediante análisis temático de entrevistas. Resultados. Se encontraron mejoras significativas en todas las dimensiones evaluadas (p≤0,05). Los niños con TEA mostraron avances en interacción social e inclusión, reflejando mayor disposición para colaborar y sentido de pertenencia. En desempeño motriz y cognición, las actividades grupales facilitaron su aprendizaje y adaptación. El rol docente fue clave para mediar, adaptar actividades y reforzar comportamientos positivos. Conclusión.  El aprendizaje colaborativo es una metodología inclusiva y efectiva que mejora habilidades sociales, motrices y cognitivas, promueve la cohesión grupal y reduce desigualdades en el PEA. Estos hallazgos destacan la importancia del docente como mediador y validan el aprendizaje colaborativo como una herramienta esencial en la pedagogía inclusiva. Área de estudio general: Psicopedagogía. Área de estudio específica: Educación Física. Tipo de estudio:  Artículos originales.
Sistematização da trajetória de inovação administrativa no Ministério Público Federal
Authors: Santiago Coutinho de Miranda Daniel
Published: December 2024

O artigo parte da premissa de que a inovação é uma das formas do Ministério Público Federal atender aos anseios da sociedade e de cumprir a sua missão institucional de “defender a ordem jurídica, o regime democrático, os interesses sociais e individuais indisponíveis e promover a justiça”. Dito isso, busca-se compreender, em âmbito administrativo, qual foi a trajetória da inovação na instituição estudada, organizando e sistematizando as informações, por meio de uma pesquisa documental em diários oficiais e portais eletrônicos. Os resultados demonstram que o MPF tem forte necessidade de institucionalizar a inovação, prevendo-a dentro de regras e normas. Desde 2010 o tema passou por três ciclos de evolução, demarcados inicialmente pela publicação de seu planejamento estratégico institucional, avançando para a criação de estruturas organizacionais dedicadas à inovação e concluindo para um ciclo de criação de laboratórios de inovação.
Palavras-Chave: Ministério Público Federal. Inovação. Organização pública. Ecossistema de justiça.
 
Abstract
The article is based on the premise that innovation is one of the ways for the Federal Prosecution Service to meet the society's expectations and fulfill its institutional mission of "defending the legal order, the democratic regime, social and unavailable individual interests, and promoting justice." That said, the aim is to understand, at an administrative level, the trajectory of innovation in the studied institution by organizing and systematizing the information through a documental research in official gazettes and electronic portals. The results show that the Federal Prosecution Service has a strong need to institutionalize innovation, foreseeing it within rules and regulations. Since 2010, the topic has undergone three cycles of evolution, initially marked by the publication of its institutional strategic planning, advancing to the creation of organizational structures dedicated to innovation, and concluding with a cycle of creating innovation laboratories.
Keywords: Federal Prosecution Service. Innovation. Public organization. Justice ecosystem.
Development of the «Dissolution» test method for vaginal suppositories Pimafucin®
Authors: Meleshko A. V. , Volkova A. M. , Tyukova V. S. , Panov A. V. , Kedik S. A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. «Dissolution test» for drugs is one of the key studies of control and, in many ways, is designed to simulate the bioavailability of the active substance under the conditions of use. However, there are several drugs containing active pharmaceutical substances that are poorly soluble under standard conditions. For this substances action is local, so, they are practically not absorbed in the human body, but showed the necessary therapeutic effect. This work discusses the development of conditions for «Dissolution test» in lipophilic-based suppositories containing natamycin, which is an antifungal agent related to tetraene macrolides, poorly soluble in water and, therefore, in standard buffer solutions intended for this test.

Aim. Choose the conditions for conducting «Dissolution test», under which it will be possible to achieve complete release of the active substance from lipophilic-based suppositories on «Pimafucin» and «Primacin».

Materials and methods. The objects of the study are lipophilic-based suppositories containing natamycin. The study was carried out using dissolution testers (Rotating Basket and Flow Cell apparatus) and an HPLC system to define the amount of natamycin released.

Results and discussion. The research objects were analyzed under «Dissolution test». The work shows the possibility of conducting a test with complete release of the active substance by adding surfactants and an organic solvent, which is acceptable for quality control dissolution medias.

Conclusion. Conditions for «Dissolution test» have been developed for suppositories containing natamycin.
Technological approaches to improve the bioavailability of the poor soluble substance Candesartan Cilexetil in mini-tablets
Authors: Tserkovnaya K. M. , Surbeeva E. S. , Gusev K. A. , Vishnyakov E. V. , Flisyuk E. V. , Narkevich I. A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The polypill in the form of a hard gelatin capsule containing mini-tablets of the original antihypertensive combination is being developed at the Saint-Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University. One of the components of the polypill is Candesartan, which has high antihypertensive activity and organoprotective properties. The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of Candesartan Cilexetil is characterized by low solubility in water and gastrointestinal tract media, therefore increasing the solubility of this substance can lead to a significant improving the bioavailability.

Aim. Comparative analysis of technological approaches to increasing the bioavailability of the poor soluble API Сandesartan Сilexetil in a mini-tablet dosage form.

Materials and methods. API Сandesartan Сilexetil, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), copolymer of polyvinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate and excipients for the production of mini-tablets, such as diluents, binders, disintegrant, dusting components were used. The release profiles of Candesartan Cilexetil from the developed mini-tablets were assessed in comparison with the original drug Atacand®, 8 mg tablets. The complex of candesartan cilexetil with β-CD in a 1 : 1 ratio was prepared by three methods: dry mixing, paste method and lyophilization. A solid dispersion (SD) of candesartan was obtained by hot melt extrusion. The API complexes with β-CD and SD were characterized by FTIR-spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Tablet mixtures were produced by dry mixing and wet granulation technology. Mini-tablets were obtained on a laboratory automatic single-punch tablet press. Quality control of the mini-tablets was conducted by the methods of State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XV ed. and United State Pharmacopeia methods.

Results and discussion. Comparative analysis of technological approaches to increasing the bioavailability of Candesartan Cilexetil showed, that preparation of a complex including API with β-CD in a 1 : 1 ratio using the paste method with further using of wet granulation technology allowed to obtain mini-tablets with improved release of poor soluble API compared to the original drug. On the contrary, the use of TDS in mini-tablet technology led to a slower release of API compared to the original drug. The developed mini-tablets of Candesartan composition № 7 met pharmacopoeial requirements by all acceptance criteria.

Conclusion. The creation of complex of Candesartan Cilexetil with β-CD by the paste method with further using of wet granulation technology is the optimal technological approach to increasing the bioavailability of the poor soluble API Candesartan Cilexetil in mini-tablets.
THE CONCEPT AND LEGAL NATURE OF THE INSTITUTION OF EXEMPTION FROM SERVING A SENTENCE OF IMPRISONMENT DUE TO ILLNESS
Authors: Golovastova Yuliya , Eliseeva Tatyana
Published: December 2024

The study of the legal nature of the institution of early release from serving a sentence of imprisonment due to illness is of great importance for the theory of criminal and penal law. The aim set by the authors is to identify the interrelationship of signs characteristic of the institution of exemption from serving a sentence of imprisonment due to illness, and to determine its place in the structure of legal institutions. The methods used by the authors to achieve scientific results (dialectical, comparative legal, formal legal, systemic, as well as deduction and induction techniques) allowed us to formulate conclusions about the comprehensive regulation of the institution of release from punishment due to illness and pointed to its independence in the structure of other institutions of early release from punishment. In addition, a number of distinctive features have been identified that determine the features of the institution of exemption from punishment in the form of imprisonment due to illness.
ANTI-CORRUPTION: CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS, DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Authors: Yemelyanova Elena , Skiba Andrey , Kalinkin Alexey , Bogomolov Stanislav
Published: December 2024

Corruption, taking into account its qualitative and quantitative characteristics, is one of the main threats to the national security of the Russian Federation. The article demonstrates examples of corrupt behavior on the part of officials over the past ten years. The statistical data of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on the number of registered corruption-related crimes for 2015–2024 are presented. The legal basis acting as a methodological basis for combating corruption has been determined. Gaps and conflicts in the field of combating various forms of corrupt behavior are considered. The scientific hypothesis is expressed that the main vector of development of the potential of criminal policy in the field of the conducted research should be the development and consolidation of the concept of corruption at the federal level.
MODERN CRIMINAL CHALLENGES OF MIGRATION: INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF COUNTERACTION
Authors: Magnutov Yuri
Published: December 2024

The article presents the modern criminal challenges of migration. The opinion of scientists and politicians on the threats of illegal migration flows is demonstrated. The necessity of making political and legal decisions aimed at improving the migration sector and conducting an audit of legislation in this area of legal regulation is substantiated. It is shown that crime in the field of migration is diverse and includes the following groups of acts: directly related to violation of migration legislation; official criminal acts that contribute to illegal migration; criminally deviant forms of behavior, the subject of which is a foreign citizen located on the territory of the Russian Federation; acts committed against migrants. The presented groups form a system of crimes committed in the field of migration and form the methodological basis of the author’s institutional criminal law concept of countering them.
PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF OFFICIALS WHO HAVE COMMITTED CORRUPTION CRIMES: ON THE EXAMPLE OF A SEPARATE CRIMINOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Stebeneva Elena
Published: December 2024

The article describes a criminological study of the personality of officials convicted of corruption crimes and serving sentences in prison, based on an analysis of their attitude to the committed act and the motives that determined criminal behavior. According to the results of the study, it was determined that among the anti-corruption measures, in addition to material security, social security, victimological prevention and compliance with the principle of inevitability of punishment, it is necessary to increase the level of legal awareness and legal culture based on personal conviction to follow the law in their activities, which determines law-abiding behavior. The formation of such legal awareness and culture should be based on a unified anti-corruption ideology in society as a whole.
Students' Information-Seeking Problems during Translation – Observational Study Results
Authors: Sycz-Opon Joanna
Published: December 2024

This article presents the most common information-seeking problems encountered by translation students when translating a legal text. The study group consisted of students from the University of Silesia in Katowice who were asked to translate a complaint from English into Polish using all the sources (printed and electronic) they considered appropriate for the task. The research method used was a combination of observation and TAPs. The students were divided into pairs. One student observed the other and recorded their information-seeking behaviour, asking additional questions when necessary. The students’ information seeking behaviour was also documented using a screen recording tool. The aim was to find out how the students searched for information and what problems they encountered. Problems that emerged were related to: (1) defining information needs, (2) establishing searchable units, (3) lack of desired information in a source, (4) locating word clusters in sources, (5) incongruent terms, (6) multiple equivalents of a term in a dictionary entry, and (7) processing the information found. This study forms part of a larger research project: Detailed statistical data are presented in Sycz-Opoń (2019) and individual research styles in Sycz-Opoń (2021).

URL: http://www.skase.sk/
MANFAAT INFORMASI AKUNTANSI, REVISI KEYAKINAN DAN NORMA SUBJEKTIF TERHADAP ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION
Authors: Astuti Hartiningsih , Moehadi Moehadi , Arnanto Andy Afnan , Alfiyana Siti
Published: December 2024

Entrepreneurial intention sangat penting bagi mahasiswa karena mencerminkan dorongan untuk menjadi wirausaha. Kondisi tersebut dapat membantu mahasiswa mengembangkan kreativitas, keberanian mengambil risiko, dan adaptasi serta keterampilan yang penting dalam dunia bisnis. Niat berwirausaha juga merangsang sikap proaktif, kemandirian, dan semangat mengatasi tantangan. Sehingga tidak hanya membuka peluang karir dan ekonomi pribadi, tetapi juga berkontribusi pada inovasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi secara umum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi entrepreneurial intention pada mahasiswa Program Studi Ekonomi Pembangunan Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Bojonegoro. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan analisis kuantitatif deskriptif melalui data primer berupa kuesioner yang diukur dengan skala likert. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 79 sampel yang di tentukan menggunakan pendekatan slovin. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa manfaat informasi akuntansi, revisi keyakinan dan norma subjektif berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap entrepreneurial intention baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi secara empiris bahwa entrepreneurial intention dapat ditentukan melalui faktor manfaat informasi akuntansi, revisi keyakinan dan norma subjektif.
Essa tal modernidade/colonialidade: aproximações, atravessamentos e afetações
Authors: Lopes Fábio Cardoso , Lima Alexandre Bonetti
Published: December 2024

As formas de existir e sofrer são definidos pelas operações de poder remanescentes da lógica colonial, que divide o mundo entre saberes valorizados e expurgados, afetando as estruturas das instituições que regulam nossas vidas, como família, escola, trabalho, Igreja e Estado. Este ensaio teórico tem como objetivo discutir a invenção da modernidade/colonialidade, a partir da criação do constructo social denominado América, a qual gerou modos de subjetivação e padrões de existência conforme suas demandas específicas de educação/colonização dentro de uma civilização tecnocapitalista que idolatra o trabalho e o dinheiro. A argumentação metodológica foi estruturada através do diálogo com diversos autores do coletivo modernidade/colonialidade, em intersecção com outros pesquisadores contemporâneos, os quais analisam os impactos da modernidade/colonialidade na produção de subjetividades e de modos de sofrimento na contemporaneidade. Entendemos que a imposição hierárquica valorativa, que distingue vidas e busca a homogeneidade, serve para manter os privilégios de uma elite, silenciando e condenando outras pluralidades de sujeitos, epistemes, espaços e tempos ao esquecimento.
UNVEILING THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP AND MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT PT. MULTI ALFA MANDIRI
Authors: Febriana Hamdani Dhea , Triana Putri Dian , Salsabila Nadhifa Isad , Nurhalimah Siti , Abdullah Muhammad
Published: December 2024

This study aims to uncover the impact of leadership and motivation on employee performance at PT. Multi Alfa Mandiri. The primary issue addressed is the need to improve employee performance at the company, as well as the lack of previous scientific research on this topic at PT. Multi Alfa Mandiri. The research method employed is quantitative causal, with leadership and motivation as the independent variables and employee performance as the dependent variable. The population of this study consists of 150 employees, with a sample of 110 individuals selected using probability sampling with the simple random sampling technique. The results of the study indicate that leadership and motivation have both partial and simultaneous effects on employee performance at PT. Multi Alfa Mandiri. Based on these findings, recommendations are provided to the management of PT. Multi Alfa Mandiri to offer additional leadership training, implement open and honest communication with supervisors regarding team feelings when mistakes occur, enhance motivational aspects related to salary satisfaction by adjusting salaries to industry standards and employee performance capabilities, and provide regular training on the effective use of technology to increase work efficiency and prevent the misuse of technology for non-work-related purposes.
Longitudinal ozone exposure and SARS-CoV-2 infection in late pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Lin , Tian Jiaqi , Duan Shuyin
Published: December 2024

Background

Atmospheric ozone is a common air pollutant with known impacts on maternal and fetal health. However, the relationship between gestational ozone exposure and susceptibility to respirovirus infection remains unclear. This study aims to assess the association between longitudinal ozone exposure during pregnancy and COVID-19 risk in late gestation.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 600 pregnant women (300 infected with SARS-CoV-2 and 300 uninfected) who delivered at one hospital in Jinan, China from November 2022 to January 2023. Individual ozone exposure levels throughout gestation were estimated based on local ambient monitoring data. Logistic regression models were constructed to examine the association between gestational ozone exposure and COVID-19 status in late pregnancy, adjusting for demographic and clinical variables.

Results

In Jinan, ozone levels increased by 1.85 ppb annually and peaked between April and October, corresponding to winds from the south and southwest. Higher ozone exposure over pregnancy was associated with lower odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection in late gestation (OR per IQR increase = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.40-0.90). Compared to the lowest quartile (reference), the highest ozone quartile corresponded to a 99% decreased infection risk (OR = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00-0.03). Increased maternal age and pre-pregnancy BMI were associated with higher COVID-19 risk.

Conclusions

Longitudinal ozone exposure during gestation may be protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection in late pregnancy. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding and elucidate underlying mechanisms. These results highlight the potential importance of environmental exposures in COVID-19 susceptibility.
Resveratrol promotes cholesterol efflux from dendritic cells and controls costimulation and T-cell activation in high-fat and lipopolysaccharide-driven atherosclerotic mice
Authors: Zhang Linhui , Wang Haixia , Wang Zishan , Xu Jianyi , Wang Mengyuan , Wang Wenxin , He Qiongshan , Yu Yun , Yuan Dongping , Bu Guirong , Qiu Runze , Long Jun
Published: December 2024

Cholesterol aggregation in dendritic cells (DCs) triggers an inflammatory response and accelerates the development of atherosclerosis (AS). Resveratrol (RES), a natural compound with anti-inflammatory and cholesterol metabolism regulatory properties, has been shown to influence the maturation and inflammatory functions of DCs. However, its relationship with cholesterol metabolism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the roles of RES in cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory behaviors of DCs in the context of AS. We analyzed the effect of RES on cholesterol efflux from ApoE−/− bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) using qRT-PCR, Western blot, and cholesterol efflux assays; identified the inflammatory status of RES-treated BMDCs and co-cultured T cells using flow cytometry and ELISA; confirmed the effect of RES on blood lipids, atherosclerotic lesions, cholesterol metabolism, and inflammatory response in high-fat diet and lipopolysaccharide-treated ApoE−/− mice; and explored the potential targets of RES in regulating inflammatory behavior via molecular docking. The results revealed that RES promotes cholesterol efflux, increases the expression of efflux transporter ABCA1, and decreases liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) expression in response to a decrease in intracellular cholesterol in ApoE−/− BMDCs. RES also reduced MHC-II+ cells and downregulated costimulatory molecule CD80 in BMDCs with decreased IL-6 and increased IL-2 production, and suppressed T-cell activation and modulates IL-22 and IL-10 secretion via BMDCs. Furthermore, we confirmed that RES relieves arterial lesions and regulates blood lipids in ApoE−/− mice. RES demonstrated ABCA1 upregulation and LXRα downregulation effects in the aorta and regulated costimulation molecules and Th17/Treg cytokines in the spleen. Furthermore, RES showed multiple hydrogen bonding and low binding energy with ABCA1, suggesting that ABCA1 is a potential target of RES to modulate the inflammatory properties of BMDCs. Our study demonstrated that RES regulates cholesterol efflux and inflammatory behavior in BMDCs, contributing to the control of AS progression and offering new insights for managing inflammatory diseases.
Dyslipidemia and associated factors among adult type two diabetes mellitus patients in Felege Hiywot Refral, Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 2023
Authors: Addis Zemenu , Nega Ayenew Tega , Tebeje Robel Demelash , Asmare Engdaw , Tegegnie Alemu Bezabih , Tamir Workineh , Alene Tamiru
Published: December 2024

Background

Dyslipidemia is a common condition in type two diabetic patients, and it is thought to have a significant role in moderating the cardiovascular risk associated with diabetes. Data on serum lipid profiles in type 2 diabetes patients from Bahir Dar, Ethiopia is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemia among adult type 2 diabetes patients and to explore potential contributing factors.

Method and materials

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 354 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients from April 3 to June 4, 2023. Data were collected through the use of structured questionnaires and checklists. The data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Logistic regression was employed to identify variables significantly associated with the outcomes, with a p-value ≤ 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval.

Results

A total of 369 individuals with diabetes were approached in this study, resulting in a response rate of 96%. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 61.3% (95% CI: 56.2–66.7). Of those with dyslipidemia, 11% had a single serum lipid abnormality, while 50.3% had a combined serum lipid abnormality. Significant factors associated with dyslipidemia included being over 60 years old (AOR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2–5.0), poor fasting blood glucose control (AOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.2–5.1), being overweight (AOR: 5.8, 95% CI: 3.2–11), physical inactivity (AOR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.7–7.0), and being a past alcohol drinker (AOR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.3–7.4).

Conclusion

In the study area, a high prevalence of dyslipidemia was found among diabetic patients. Independent factors associated with dyslipidemia included older age, poor fasting blood glucose control, physical inactivity, a history of alcohol consumption, and being overweight. To address this issue, it is essential to implement preventive measures such as early detection, patient education, dietary monitoring, regular clinical visits, physical exercise, and weight management. These strategies represent the most effective approach to combating dyslipidemia.
Referential gaps between Arabic and English
Authors: Alhendi Noor , Baniamer Asem
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The study addresses the phenomenon of referential gaps between Arabic and English, highlighting the distinct referential behaviors each language employs during communication. These differences pose challenges to both language recipients and educators, creating obstacles for Arabic and English teachers and learners alike. Understanding these gaps is crucial for improving language learning and teaching processes.

Methods

The study investigates referential gaps by analyzing their manifestations across four linguistic levels: phonetic, lexical, morphological, and syntactic systems in both Arabic and English.

Results

The findings demonstrate that the distinct referential behaviors in Arabic and English differ significantly across the analyzed linguistic levels. These differences contribute to the challenges faced by language learners and educators.

Discussion

The study underscores the importance of understanding referential gaps to address the challenges they present. By highlighting these differences, it provides insights into improving teaching strategies and fostering better communication between Arabic and English speakers.
Novel MKRN3 gene mutation associated with central precocious puberty in a Chinese child: a case report
Authors: Wang Jingna , Li Rongmin , Wang Jieying , Wu Di , Lei Shuqin , Sang Yanmei , Chang Jie
Published: December 2024

Objective

The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical presentation and underlying genetic etiology of a Chinese child diagnosed with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP).

Methods

Clinical data from a pediatric patient with ICPP, including medical history, physical examination findings, laboratory results, and imaging studies, were collected and analyzed. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify potential pathogenic genetic variants underlying the patient’s ICPP.

Results

A 4 ¾-year-old female patient presented with precocious puberty, characterized by accelerated growth, Tanner stage II breast development, and Tanner stage I pubic hair. A café-au-lait macule was observed on the patient’s right flank. WES revealed a novel makorin RING finger protein 3 (MKRN3) gene heterozygous frameshift pathogenic variant c.1219delA (p.R407Gfs*75), which was inherited from the patient’s asymptomatic father, and leading to a truncated protein 73 amino acids downstream from the mutation site.

Conclusion

This case underscores the genetic heterogeneity of ICPP and further implicates MKRN3 gene mutations in its pathogenesis. The identification of this novel pathogenic variant expands the known mutational spectrum associated with ICPP, particularly within the Chinese pediatric population. Comprehensive genetic testing should be considered in pediatric patients presenting with early-onset ICPP to facilitate accurate diagnosis, inform genetic counseling, and guide personalized management strategies.