bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Технологические основы сушки в псевдосжиженном слое и ее применение для сухого обогащения каолина
Authors: Dvornikov N.A.
Published: April 2018

Приведена модель численного расчета сушки в вихревых аппаратах и классифицирующих частицы устройствах.В завихренном потоке происходит сушка и одновременное измельчение природных агрегатов за счет трения и соударения частиц разной массы и природы друг с другом и их сепарация. Это обеспечивает достижение высокой дисперсности глинистых и сохранение структуры и размера песчаных частиц.Конструирование установки осуществлялось по результатам математического моделирования процессов, заложенных в технологических идеях обогащения каолина, модель расчета которых приводится ниже.Для моделирования процессов сушки и классификации глинистого сырья использовались трехмерные модели расчета газодисперсных турбулентных потоков при наличии тепло- и массообмена. Поскольку слой в нижней части камеры не формируется, основная роль ротора состоит в первоначальном разрушении влажных агрегатов подаваемого материала. Учитывая, что износ ротора растет с увеличением энергии соударения материала с ротором, а энергия соударения квадратично растет в зависимости от скорости вращения ротора, желательно снижать скорость вращения ротора для увеличения срока его службы, до тех пор, пока ротор обеспечивает первоначальное разрушение комков материала, но не разрушает песчинок в подаваемом материале.Изложены результаты промышленного внедрения сушильно-сепарационных установок в процессах обогащения каолина.
Re-tolling the bells - preservation of an historic bell tower
Authors: North Maclaren
Published: April 2018

The Eveleigh Railway Workshops were the major locus of construction of steam locomotives in New South Wales, Australia, and the largest railway workshops in the Southern Hemisphere in their heyday. The site, located in the inner city suburb of Redfern in Sydney, operated from 1888-1988 and was then adapted into the Australian Technology Park (ATP), a commercial business park focused on innovative technology and research. A considerable amount of the preservation work on the site was, however, only half-done at the time of adaptation, and Extent Heritage spent much of the last ten years assisting the ATP management with backlog maintenance and preservation projects. One major incomplete project was the preservation of the bell tower on the former Works Managers' Office. A late 19th century ren-dered masonry building with later extensions, it is surmounted by a cast iron belfry with a bell that orig-inally sounded the beginning and end of the work day at the site. Failure within the tower was causing major impacts within the building itself. Extent directed the project to conserve the bell tower and belfry, which required sympathetic modifications to the structure to address the practical conservation issues and manage the requirements for future maintenance and access. This paper will explore the issues uncovered and the techniques used to conserve the belfry and bell tower, and the decisions made to facilitate ease of future maintenace.
Impact of Cadmium and Selenium Exposure on Trace Elements, Fatty Acids and Oxidative stress in Lepidium sativum
Authors: Yáñez Barrientos Eunice , Rodríguez Flores Crescencio , Wrobel Kazimierz , Wrobel Katarzyna
Published: April 2018

The objective of this work was to examine possible effects that the exposure to cadmium and selenium might have in Lepidium sativum. Nine hydroponic cultures were obtained, according to the three level factorial design that covered plants exposure to 0, 0.5, 2.0 mg L-1 of cadmium (as cadmium chloride) and selenium (as sodium selenite). Shoots growth was evaluated during two weeks after germination and the following parameters were measured in the biomass: Cd, Se, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, fatty acids and malondialdehyde. The results obtained indicate that selenium is capable to counterbalance the adverse effects of cadmium in terms of growth inhibition, decreased concentration levels of essential micronutrients and oxidative damage;however, such protective role is apparently restricted by the concentration levels of two elements in the growth medium.
Purification and Characterization of an Alkaline Phosphatase Induced by Phosphorus Starvation in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Roots
Authors: Morales Lorena , Gutiérrez Natalia , Maya Vanessa , Parra Carmen , Martínez-Barajas Eleazar , Coello Patricia
Published: April 2018

Two phosphatase isoforms from roots of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) showed an increase in activity in response to phosphate deficiency. One of them (APIII) was chosen for further purification through ionic exchange chromatography and preparative electrophoresis. The estimated molecular mass of APIII was 35 kDa by both SDS-PAGE and gel filtration analyses, suggesting a monomeric form of the active enzyme. The phosphatase was classified as an alkaline phosphatase based on the requirement of pH 8 for optimum catalysis. It not only exhibited broad substrate specificity, with the most activity against pyrophosphate, but also effectively catalyzed the hydrolysis of polyphosphate, glucose-1-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate. Activity was completely inhibited by molybdate, vanadate and phosphate but was only partially inhibited by fluoride. Although divalent cations were not essential for the pyrophosphatase activity of this enzyme, the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate increased substantially in the presence of Mg2+.
Antigiardial Activity of Cupania dentata Bark and its Constituents
Authors: Hernández-Chávez Ignacio , Torres-Tapia Luis W. , Simá-Polanco Paulino , Cedillo-Rivera Roberto , Moo-Puc Rosa , Peraza-Sánchez Sergio R.
Published: April 2018

The MeOH extract of Cupania dentata bark (Sapindaceae) as well as its hexane, CH2Cl2, EtOAc, and BuOH fractions showed high activity against Giardia lamblia trophozoites (IC50 = 2.12-9.52 μg/mL). The phytochemical study of fractions resulted in the isolation of taraxerone (1), taraxerol (2), scopoletin (3), and two mixtures of steroidal compounds. Taraxerone was the metabolite with the highest giardicidal activity (IC50 = 11.33 μg/mL).
Efficient and Convenient Reduction of Organic Carbonyl Compounds to their Corresponding Alcohols by Zn(BH4)2/Charcoal in THF
Authors: Setamdideh Davood , Rahmatollahzadeh Mehdi
Published: April 2018

Zn(BH4)2 (0.5-1.5 mmol) in the presence of charcoal (1 mmol) reduces a variety of organic carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, acyloins, α-diketones and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to their corresponding alcohols. Reduction reactions were carried out in THF at room temperature in high to excellent yields. The chemoselective reduction of aldehydes over ketones was successfully accomplished with this reducing system. In addition, regioselectivity and exclusive 1,2-reduction of conjugated carbonyl compounds to their corresponding allylic alcohols was also performed in in high to excellent yields with this reducing system.
Diligustilide: Enantiomeric Derivatives, Absolute Configuration and Cytotoxic Properties
Authors: León Alejandra , Delgado Guillermo
Published: April 2018

New enantiomeric amides (-)-6, (+)-7, (+)-6, and (-)-7 were formed by the reaction of the natural dimeric phthalide rac-diligustilide (rac-1) with (R)-(+)-α-methylbenzylamine and (S)-(-)- α-methylbenzylamine. The absolute configurations of compounds 6 and 7 were assigned by the analysis of electronic circular dichroism curves by means of the exciton chirality method. Compounds 1, 4, 5, (-)-6, (+)-6, (+)-7, and (-)-7 exhibited cytotoxic activity towards several human tumor cell lines.
A Local Extension of the Electrophilicity Index Concept
Authors: Cedillo Andrés , Contreras Renato
Published: April 2018

A local measure of the electrophilicity has been recently proposed to analyze the chemical reactivity of several kinds of molecules. In this work a theoretical rationalization of the local extension is proposed following the quantitative definition of the molecular electrophilic power and a variational method for the distribution of the transferred charge. A condensation scheme to atoms or fragments follows from its relation to the Fukui function and the local softness. Differences between these quantities are discussed and they are tested in a model system. The analysis shows that the local electrophilicity is more appropriate to describe differences among a set of substituted molecules.
Development of Barostats for Finite Systems Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Gamboa Gabriel Ulises , Calaminici Patrizia , Köster Andreas M.
Published: April 2018

A new method for pressure control in first-principle molecular dynamics simulations for finite systems is presented. The extended Lagrangian methodology is applied to generate the equations of motion and the system’s volume is obtained by a purely geometrical procedure, which is inexpensive in terms of computational cost. The implementation of all discussed algorithms was carried out in the program deMon2k where a robust machinery for auxiliary density functional theory calculations exists. The here described methodology extend our effort on property calculations beyond the polyatomic ideal gas approximation on the basis of first-principle electronic structure calculations.
MCSCF-MRMP2 and DFT Exploratory Study on the Stability of Possible Intermediates in the Ru(H2O)6 2+ + H2O2 Reaction: Importance of the Multiconfigurational Character in the Description of the Ru=O Moiety
Authors: Torres Ana Elizabeth , Pandiyan Thangarasu Pandiyan , Colmenares Fernando
Published: April 2018

MCSCF-MRMP2 and DFT calculations were performed in order to analyze the stability and geometrical parameters of some possible intermediates for the reactions Ru2+ + H2O2 and Ru(H2O)6 2+ + H2O2. At MCSCF-MRMP2 level of calculation, the stability predicted for the RuIVO(H2O2)5 2+ suggests an energetic preference of the reaction Ru(H2O2)6 2+ + H2O2 toward the products involving this high-valence intermediate, in agreement with the commonly accepted mechanism for this kind of reactions. Due to its multiconfigurational character, the DFT approaches used in this work exhibited some limitations for properly describing the RuOIV(H2O2)5 2+ ion and therefore the energy gap between the possible investigated intermediates.
Nucleophilic Attack at the Pyridine Nitrogen Atom in a Bis(imino)pyridine System: The Local Hard and Soft Acids and Bases Principle Perspective
Authors: Richaud Arlette , Méndez Francisco
Published: April 2018

Motivated by the unprecedented nucleophilic attack at the pyridine nitrogen atom in bis(imino)pyridines, observed by Gambarotta et al. and Gibson et al., and the fact that normally pyridine undergoes reactions with electrophiles at its nitrogen atom, we applied the local hard and soft acids and bases principle to assert that nucleophilic attack at pyridine nitrogen atom depends fundamentally on stereoelectronic factors.
Substituent Effect in para Substituted Osmabenzene Complexes
Authors: Ghiasi Reza , Boshak Allieh
Published: April 2018

The electronic structure and properties of the osmabenzene and para substituted osmabenzenes have been explored using the hybrid density functional mpw1pw91 theory. The substituent effects of F, CH3, OH, CN, NO2, CHO and COOH in para osmabenzenes complexes were studied. Basic measures of aromatic character were derived from the structure and nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS). Quantum theory of atoms in molecules analysis (QTAIM) indicates a correlation between ρ(Os-C) bonds and the electron density of bond critical point in all species.
The Role of Bromination Reaction in the Oxalic Acid-Acetone-KBrO3-Ce(IV)-H2SO4 Oscillating System
Authors: Gao Jinzhang , Zhang Yingying , Ren Jie , Yang Wu
Published: April 2018

In order to assess the role of bromination reaction in the oxalic acid-acetone-KBrO3-Ce(IV)-H2SO4 oscillating system, both the effects of oxalic acid and acetone were studied in detail. Based on the experimental data, we propose a new skeleton scheme containing 11 reactions to simulate the oscillating behavior of the system, in which the bromination reaction between acetone and bromine should be considered as another source of Br-.
Use of Ligand-based Iron Complexes for Phenol Degradation by Fenton Modified Process
Authors: Reyes Iván A. , Patiño Francisco , Flores Mizraím U. , Narayanan Jayanthi , Calderón Hilda , Pandiyan Thangarasu
Published: April 2018

The efficiency of phenol degradation by the iron complexes ([Fe(TBMA)Cl3∙3H2O] and [Fe(terpy)Cl2]) is compared with that of the Fenton reaction. The results show that although the Fenton reaction efficiently oxidizes phenol at low pH’s, the Fenton modified reagents (iron complexes/H2O2) effectively oxidize phenol at neutral pH. Besides, the factorial designing study is performed by considering three independent variables: (i) [Fe] (A), (ii) pH (B), and (iii) [H2O2] (C). For the Fenton reaction, the normal probability plot reveals that two factors, such as concentration of Fe2+ and interaction{[H2O2]∙pH} have considerable influence on the phenol oxidation; in the normal probability plot of the complexes, factors C (concentration of H2O2) and AC {[Fe]∙[H2O2]} have an effect on the oxidation of the phenol by [Fe(terpy)Cl2]/H2O2, while for [Fe(TBMA)Cl3∙3H2O], factors B and AC significantly influence the degradation. Of both iron complexes, [Fe(TBMA)Cl3∙3H2O]/H2O2 is an excellent oxidant, showing a good response at pH 7.0.
1,4-Dioxane Degradation Using Persulfate Ion and Ag(I) Ion
Authors: Felix-Navarro Rosa María , Shui Wai Lin , Zizumbo-López Arturo , Pérez-Sicairos Sergio , Reynoso-Soto Edgar Alonso , Espinoza-Gómez José Heriberto
Published: April 2018

The kinetics of oxidation of 1,4-dioxane by persulfate ion with Ag+ in aqueous solutions at various temperatures and concentrations of S2O82-, Ag+ and H2SO4, were investigated. Experimental results indicate that 1,4-dioxane degradation follows a pseudo-firstorder decay model and that reaction rate significantly accelerate by increasing temperature and concentration of oxidant, sulfuric acid and Ag+ ions up to 0.46 mM; for the range from 0.46-0.70 mM of Ag+ ions the reaction rate remains constant and at higher concentrations the reaction rate decreases. It was possible to degrade approximately 100% of 1,4-dioxane in less than one hour with the following conditions: [Ag+] = 0.46 mM, H2SO4] = 0.30 M and from a concentration of 25 mM Na2SO4.
Antioxidant Activity of the Phenolic and Oily Fractions of Different Sweet Bell Peppers
Authors: Blanco-Ríos Ana Karina , Medina-Juárez Luis Ángel , González-Aguilar Gustavo Adolfo , Gámez-Meza Nohemí
Published: April 2018

The content of phenols and ascorbic acid of the phenolic fraction, and carotenoids, tocopherols and capsaicinoids of the oily fraction from sweet bell peppers from northwest Mexico was determined. Antioxidant activity in both fractions was evaluated (ABTS and DPPH methods). Green cultivar had the highest content of phenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid and highest antioxidant activity. α-Tocopherolwas found in the four cultivars; however, capsaicinoids were not detected. The phenolic fraction had higher antioxidant activity than the oily fraction.
Binding of Oxovanadium(IV) Complexes to Blood Serum Albumins
Authors: Cobbina Enoch , Mehtab Sameena , Correia Isabel , Gonçalves Gisela , Tomaz Isabel , Cavaco Isabel , Jakusch Tamás , Enyedi Eva , Kiss Tamás , Costa Pessoa João
Published: April 2018

In this work the binding of VIVO2+ and VIVO-complexes to serum albumins {human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and porcine serum albumin (PSA)} are studied using circular dichroism (CD), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and visible absorption spectroscopy. The results confirm previous findings that VIVO2+ occupies at least two types of binding sites on albumin: ‘the strong vanadium binding site’ (designated by VBS1) and ‘the weak vanadium binding sites’ (designated by VBS2). VBS1 binds 1 mol equivalent of VIVO2+. On the other hand VBS2 correspond to binding of several mol equivalents of VIVO, and studies done with PSA in the presence of excess ZnII ions indicate that VSB2 corresponds to two distinct types of sites. The hyperfine coupling constant Az for VIVO2+ binding at VBS2 on HSA and BSA are all very similar (~168 × 10-4 cm-1) but differ slightly on PSA (~166 × 10-4 cm-1) due to differences in the binding sets. When (VIVO)-HSA systems are titrated with maltol ternary species of (maltol)m(VIVO)mHSA and (maltol)2m(VIVO)mHSA stoichiometry form which are clearly distinguishable from the binary (VIVO)-HSA system by the type and intensity of the CD spectra recorded. Changes are also observable in the intensity of the X-band EPR spectra, but not much in the hyperfine coupling constants Az, which are all in the range 166-167 × 10-4 cm-1. The results further demonstrate that the presence of maltol may enhance the binding of VIVO to albumin.
Chemical Analysis of Coffee Berry Volatiles That Elicit an Antennal Response From the Coffee Berry Borer Hypothenemus hampei
Authors: Cruz Roblero Elías Neptalí , Malo Edi A.
Published: April 2018

One of the major obstacles to coffee production worldwide is the damage caused by the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari; Coleoptera: Curculionidae). When searching for host fruits, females are attracted to the volatiles the fruits release. In this study, the volatiles released by the ripe and dry fruits of Coffea arabica and C. canephora were analyzed by gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAD) and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The areas of the response peaks were analyzed using canonical discriminant analysis. The results of the statistical analysis demonstrated the presence of 4 distinct groups of volatiles released from ripe and dry C. arabica and C. canephora. A few of the most influential compounds in the canonical discriminate analysis also elicited antennal activity (GC-EAD) in the flying female coffee berry borers, specifically 2-heptanone, 2-heptanol, 3-ethyl-4-methylpentanol, phenyl ethyl alcohol, methyl alicylate, and α-copaene. These compounds will be tested in the field to explore the development of a new chemical that is attractive to the borers and can be used in the management of the coffee berry borer H. hampei.
Solvent-free Synthesis of 5H-dibenzo[b,i]xanthene-tetraones and Aryl-14Hdibenzo[a,j]xanthenes Using Ferric Chloride Hexahydrate as Catalyst
Authors: Liu Di , Zhou Shixue , Gao Jun , Li Lin , Xu Dongmei
Published: April 2018

A simple and convenient procedure for the synthesis of 5Hdibenzo[b,i]xanthene-tetraones and aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes is described through the condensation of aldehydes with 2-naphthol or 2-hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone under solvent-free conditions in the presence of ferric chloride hexahydrate. This method has the advantages of high yields, cleaner reaction, simple work-up and cost efficiency.
Polyethylene-Waste Tire Dust Composites Via In Situ Polymerization
Authors: Reyes Acosta Yadira Karina , Narro Céspedes Rosa Idalia , Neira Velázquez María Guadalupe , Díaz Elizondo José , Enríquez-Medrano Francisco , Valencia López Luis Alexandro , Ramos Aguiñaga María Elena , Saade Caballero Hened , Díaz de León Ramón
Published: April 2018

Polyethylene/waste tire dust (WTD) composites were obtained by an in situ polymerization technique. The surface of the WTD was modified with deposition of polyethylene by using plasma polymerization. Ethylene polymerization was carried out using bis(cyclopentadienyl) titanium dichloride (Cp2TiCl2) as homogeneous metallocene catalyst, while diethylaluminum chloride (DEAC), ethylaluminum sesquichloride (EASC) and methyl aluminoxane (MAO) were used as co-catalysts at two different [Al]/[Ti] molar ratio. The main characteristics of the obtained polyethylenes were determined by size exclusion chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The results showed that by using EASC and MAO the highest catalytic activities were presented at a [Al]/[Ti] molar ratio of 9.17 and 18.33 respectively. Even though it was possible to obtain polyethylene using WTD (modified or unmodified) the catalytic activity was lower than in the case in which no WTD was added in ethylene polymerization. Scanning transmission electronic microscopy images evidenced that the original morphology of the polyethylenes was not modified by the presence of WTD.
Determination of Trace Amount of Lead in Industrial and Municipal Effluent Water Samples Based on Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Authors: Shirkhanloo Hamid , Sedighi Kaveh , Zavvar Mousavi Hassan
Published: April 2018

In this study, a simple, sensitive and accurate method was developed for the determination of lead ion by combining ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid extraction (IL-DLLE) with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TETD), acetone and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [(C8MIM) (PF6)] were used as the chelating agent, dispersive and extraction solvent, respectively. Under the optimal  onditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 5-190 μg L-1 of lead and the detection limit was 0.8 μg L-1 with a sample volume of 200 mL. The proposed method was validated by the analysis of one certified reference material and applied successfully to the determination of lead in real water samples.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, Thermal Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) Complexes with Schiff bases Derived from β-Diketones
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Razieh , Azarkish Mohammad , Sedaghat Tahereh
Published: April 2018

Five transition metal complexes, [CuLa] (1), [NiLa] (2), [ZnLa] (3), [CuLb] (4) and [NiLb]. EtOH (5) have been synthesized from reaction of Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) acetate salts with two Schiff bases, 3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenylamino)-1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one (H2La) and 3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenylimino)-1-phenylbuten-1-one (H2Lb). On the basis of analytical and spectral data, Schiff base is coordinated to metal as tridentate dianionic ligand via phenolic and enolic oxygens and imine nitrogen. Thermal decomposition of the complexes has been studied by thermogravimetry. The in vitro antibacterial activity of Schiff bases and their complexes has been evaluated against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria and compared with the standard drugs.
Role of Iron(III)-salen Chloride as Oxidizing Agent with Thiodiglycolic Acid: The Effect of Axial Ligands
Authors: Subramaniam Perumal , Vanitha Thangadurai , Kodispathi Thiruttimuthu , Shanmuga Sundari Chandra Raj
Published: April 2018

The sulfoxidation of thiodiglycolic acid with iron(III)-salen chloride, which acts as an oxidizing agent without any terminal oxidant, in 50% aqueous acetonitrile medium has been studied. A substantial red shift in the λmaxvalue of FeIII-salen was observed in aqueous medium. The spectrophotometric kinetic study indicates that [FeIII(salen)]+ is the active oxidizing species and the reaction follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics with respect to the substrate. The rate of the reaction is highly sensitive to the medium. A reaction mechanism involving electron transfer from sulfur atom of thiodiglycolic acid to the central iron atom of [FeIII(salen)]+ is proposed. The presence of nitrogenous bases like pyridine, imidazole and 1-methylimidazole shows a retarding effect on the reaction rate. This can be explained on the basis of binding of these ligands to the coordination sphere of [FeIII(salen)]+ prior to the reaction with the substrate. The observed order of reactivity, pyridine > 1-methylimidazole > imidazole, is in accordance with the inverse of π-donating ability of nitrogen bases.
A Comparison of the Accuracy of Semi-empirical PM3, PDDG and PM6 methods in Predicting Heats of Formation for Organic Compounds
Authors: Wu Yang-Yang , Zhao Feng-Qi , Ju Xue-Hai
Published: April 2018

Gas phase heats of formation (HOF) of 18 kinds of 390 organic compounds were calculated by quantum chemical calculation using semi-empirical PM3, PDDG and PM6 methods. The calculated HOFs were compared with the experimental data to illustrate the accuracy for different kinds of organics. Furthermore, the calculated values were linearly fitted with experimental values using the least square method, and were afterward substituted into the fitted regression equations to obtain the calibrated ones. The results show that, for 10 kinds of the selected organics, PM6 is more accurate, and PDDG is more accurate for 7 kinds of organics, while PM3 is only good for amino acid. As a whole, PM6 predicts the HOFs more accurately, with its weighted total mean average deviation (WTMAD) being 0.4 kJ/mol and 2.4 kJ/mol smaller than those of PM3 and PDDG, respectively. On the other hand, our results show that PDDG is the best to differentiate the isomers, with its mean average deviation (MAD) for isomerization energy being 7.8 kJ/mol and 11.0 kJ/mol smaller than PM6 and PM3, respectively. After the calibration, the values of MADs from the PM3, PDDG and PM6 results for most organics are reduced by 0.1 to 18.2 kJ/mol, with exceptions of the PM3 for amines, PDDG for carboxylic acids, and PM6 for ethers.
Electro-Fenton, UVA Photoelectro-Fenton and Solar Photoelectro-Fenton Treatments of Organics in Waters Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Anode: A Review
Authors: Brillas Enric
Published: April 2018

The characteristics and applications of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) like electro-Fenton (EF), UVA photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) and solar PEF (SPEF) with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode are reviewed. Their oxidative properties are based on the attack of •OH formed at the anode surface and in the medium from Fenton’s reaction between cathodically generated H2O2 and added Fe2+. The illumination with UVA light in PEF and sunlight in SPEF enhances the degradation process due to the photolysis of complexes of Fe(III) with generated carboxylic acids. Examples on the removal of industrial chemicals, pesticides, dyes and pharmaceuticals by these EAOPs using bench-scaled stirred tank reactors and pre-pilot plants are described. The influence of experimental variables on the mineralization and energetic parameters is detailed. The decay kinetics of pollutants and the evolution of intermediates are discussed. The SPEF process shows the best performance, being the most potent EAOP tested.
Carbonaceous and Protein Constituents in Dairy Wastewater Lead to a Differentiated Current Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs)
Authors: Cercado Bibiana , Vega-Guerrero Ana Laura , Rodríguez-Valadez Francisco , Hernández- López José Luis , Cházaro-Ruiz Luis Felipe , Délia Marie-Line , Bergel Alain
Published: April 2018

The effect of real dairy wastewater (DWW) additions on the current density generated by a bioanode was evaluated in a half cell configuration under potentiostatic control, thus simulating the anodic chamber of a Microbial Fuel Cell. Low substrate additions increased current density up to 1655 ± 136 mA m-2, forming a two-current peak pattern. Then the system was tested with a casein-lactose synthetic media. A high protein concentration reduced the current density; individual compounds led to the highest current (330.5 mA m-2 with casein; 1276 mA m-2 with lactose). Moreover, the protein reduced the current start up time.
Advanced Electrochemical Oxidation of Methyl Parathion at Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes
Authors: Campos-González Eulalio , Frontana-Uribe Bernardo A. , Vasquez-Medrano Ruben , Macías- Bravo Samuel , Ibanez Jorge G.
Published: April 2018

Plaguicide pollution is a major problem in agricultural zones due to their intensive use to attain increased crop yields. In the present work commercial methyl parathion (MP), was electrochemically degraded in a divided H-type cell equipped with two boron doped diamond electrodes, BDDE and a Nafion cation exchange membrane. High removals (i.e., > 90%) of total organic carbon, TOC and of chemical oxygen demand, COD were obtained after 180 min at a current density, j of 5 mA/cm2 with specific energy consumption, Esp of ca. 200 kWh per kg of COD degraded. These results show that the anodic oxidation route may be an efficient alternative for MP degradation in polluted waters.
Electrochemical Oxidation of 4-Chlorophenol Over a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with ZnAl Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Hernández-Fuerte Daniel , Palomar-Pardavé Manuel , Licona-Sánchez Teresa de Jesús , Romero- Romo Mario , Valente Jaime S.
Published: April 2018

A study is presented on the electrochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenol (4cp) in aqueous solution using a bare carbon paste electrode, CPE, and another one that was modified with ZnAl layered double hydroxides (CPE/ZnAl-LDH). The electro-oxidation was effected at pH values ranging from 3 up to 11. It was found through cyclic voltammetry that this process was irreversible, namely, there were no reduction peaks, and that depending on the nature of the electrode, the anodic current was limited either by adsorption (CPE) or diffusion (CPE/ZnAl-LDH). The energy required and the oxidation reaction rate depended on the pH and on the nature of the electrode, such that the greater rates were obtained when the CPE/ZnAl-LDH electrode and acid pHs were used.
Use of Mass Spectrometry for Identification and Quantitation of Tensoactive Agents in Synthetic Latex Samples
Authors: Gallegos-Pérez José-Luis , Fonseca-Corona Cristina , Vera-Avila Luz Elena
Published: April 2018

Separation, characterization and quantification of surfactants in different matrices is important due to the continuously increasing use of these products in industry and the adverse effects of their degradation products in the environment. However, surfactant separation and identification is a real challenge because of the wide chemical diversity of this type of compounds. In this report, HPLCUV or HPLC-Evaporative light scattering detector combined with electrospray ionization (infusion)-high resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-HRMS) was used for the study of main components in four commercial surfactants. In a second stage, size-exclusion chromatography and off-line ESI-MS were combined for quantification of surfactants in a synthetic latex sample by standard-additions method. This strategy allowed unambiguous determination of the structure of tensoactive agents in commercial products, and further use of obtained data for the selective determination of surfactants in the complex polymeric matrix of an industrial latex.
Chiral Stationary Phases and their Relationship with Enantiomer Structures in Enantioseparation Research of Analytical Laboratory
Authors: Yao Shun
Published: April 2018

Chiral stationary phases (CSPs) and molecular structure of enantiomers are two independent but related aspects in enantioseparation, which are discussed on the basis of the experimental data from the previous study. Two enantioseparation experiments are performed to illustrate the relationship between enantiomer structures and chiral stationary phases, one is the resolution of mandelic acid derivatives and the other is about prasugrel. Thermodynamic mechanism and theoretical study with computational chemistry method is helpful to understand the interactions of enantiomer and CSPs.
Preparation of (+)- and (−)- β-phenyl- and β-(4-chlorophenyl)-γ- butyrolactones: Key Intermediates in the Synthesis of β-phenyl-GABA and Baclofen
Authors: Meléndez-Rodríguez Myriam
Published: April 2018

The preparation of b-phenyl- and  b-(4-chlorophenyl)-g-butyrolactones (±)-3 and (±)-4 and their resolution to the corresponding (+)-(S)-3, (-)-(R)-3 and (+)-(S)-4, (-)-(R)-4 through formation, flash column chromatography separation and subsequent hydrolysis of diastereoisomeric 4-hydroxybutyramides (2’R,3S)-5, (2’R,3R)-5, (2’R,3S)-6 and (2’R,3R)-6 is described. The absolute configuration assignment of enantiopure 3 and 4 was supported by X-ray crystallographic structures of (2’R,3R)-5, (2’R,3S)-6 and (2’R,3R)-6.
Intermolecular Lennard-Jones (22-11)Potential Energy Surface in Dimer of N8 Cubane Cluster
Authors: Najafpour Jamshid
Published: April 2018

We have calculated the intermolecular potential energy surface (IPES) of the dimer of cubic N8 cluster using ab initio and the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The ab initio (HF/3- 21G(d)) and DFT (B3LYP/6-31G(d) and aug-cc-pVDZ) calculations were performed for two relative orientations of N8-N8 system as a function of separation distance between the centers of cubic N8 clusters. In this research, the IPES, U(r), of the N8-N8 system is studied, where the edge of N8 approaches to face or edge of the other considered N8. Then, the Lennard-Jones (12-6) and (22-11) adjustable parameters are fitted to the computed interaction energies for edge-face and edge-edge orientations. In this research for the first time, the IPESs proportionated to the Lennard-Jones (22-11) potential are derived that are compatible with the computed IPES curves. Assuming a set of Lennard-Jones parameters, the second virial coefficients are obtained for the N8-N8 complex at a temperature range of 298 to 1000 K. Both the corrected and uncorrected basis set superposition error (BSSE) results are presented confirming the significance of including BSSE corrections.
ZnO-Photocatalyzed Oxidative Transformation of Diphenylamine. Synergism by TiO2, V2O5, CeO2 and ZnS
Authors: Karunakaran Chockalingam
Published: April 2018

Diphenylamine (DPA) undergoes photocatalytic transformation on nanoparticulate ZnO surface yielding N-phenyl-p-benzoquinonimine (PBQ). The reaction rate increases with the increase of (i) DPA-concentration, (ii) ZnO-loading, (iii) airflow rate and (iv) light intensity. The formation of PBQ is larger on using UV-C light instead of UV-A light. The photocatalyst is reusable. The mechanism of the photocatalytic transformation has been discussed with a suitable kinetic law. Nanoparticulate TiO2, V2O5, CeO2 and ZnS enhance the ZnO-photocatalyzed PBQ formation indicating interparticle charge transfer in semiconductor mixtures.
Preparation of Ethyl Cellulose Nanoparticles by Solvent-Displacement Using the Conventional Method and a Recirculation System
Authors: Urbán-Morlán Zaida
Published: April 2018

Ethyl cellulose polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using the solvent-displacement technique with ethanol as the solvent. Optimization of the method included evaluating stirring rate and stabilizer type. NPs of 142.1 to 226.5 nm were obtained in a reproducible and efficient way (95% process efficiency) and with good stability (at room temperature). Moreover, a recirculation device was used in order to obtain concentrated NPs dispersions by a continuous process with potential scale-up. This method was challenged to encapsulate a hydrophilic antiviral model molecule (glycyrrhizinic acid) resulting in low entrapment efficiencies (approximately 1%). The results indicate that NPs are obtained using this simple, economical process that offers the possibility to transport different agents for applications in food-processing, cosmetics production or pharmaceutical products.
DOWEX(R)50WX4/H2O: A Green System for a One-pot and Three-Component Synthesis of isoxazol-5(4H)-one Derivatives
Authors: Setamdideh Davood
Published: April 2018

A one-pot and three-component synthesis of 3-methyl-4-arylmethyleneisoxazol-5(4H)-ones was developed in the presence of DOWEX(R)50WX4 as the catalyst. The products were obtained in high yields (93-96%) and short reaction times (30-60 min). The present method provides an easy and efficient approach for the synthesis of this class of compounds, because of its clean reaction profile and operational simplicity.
PENGARUH KEPERCAYAAN, KEAMANAN, PERSEPSI RESIKO DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN SECARA ONLINE MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM
Authors: Wulandari Yuniar Tri
Published: April 2018

This research aim to analyze and find empirical evidences of Trust, Safety, Perception of Risk, and Service Quality Towards Buying Decision in Instagram. This research used accidental sampling methode to collect the samples. There are 50 students of Muhammadiyah University of Gresik became the participants. The independents variables consist of trust, safety, perception of risk, and service quality. The dependent variable is Buying Decision in Instagram. The multiple regression used to analyze the data of this research. The result showed that trust, perception of risk, and service quality have significant efeect towards buying decision in instagram, but safety has no significant effect towards service quality
HUBUNGAN KONSEP DIRI DAN KONFORMITAS TEMAN SEBAYA DENGAN PERILAKU AGRESIF REMAJA
Authors: Prayugo Muchammad Inggit , Suroso Suroso
Published: April 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsep diri dan konformitas hubungan teman sebaya dengan perilaku agresif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SMK Krian 2 Sidoarjo berjumlah 1360, dengan sampel penelitian 15% dari jumlah populasi sebanyak 215 responden, dengan kriterian kelas XI, laki-laki dan perempuan, dari berbagai jurusan. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian korelasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi ganda diperoleh nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar sebesar sebesar sebesar 0,416 dengan R SquareR SquareR Square R SquareR Square .173 sehingga terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara konsep diri dan konformitas teman sebaya dengan perilaku agresif. Hasil analisis data secara parsial menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara konsep diri dengan perilaku agresif dan ada hubungan negatif antara konformitas teman sebaya dengan perilaku agresif. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel konformitas teman sebaya memiliki kontribusi terhadap variabel perilaku agresif. Apabila semakin tinggi konformitas teman sebaya pada remaja maka akan rendah perilaku agresifnya, begitu juga sebaliknya.
PENGARUH TINGKAT POLA ASUH OTORITATIF ORANG TUA TERHADAP KETERBUKAAN DIRI PADA REMAJA DI SMP NEGERI 2 KEBOMAS GRESIK
Authors: Naqiyah Hawaaun
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pola asuh orang tua terhadap keterbukaan diri pada remaja di SMP Negeri 2 Kebomas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif denganpendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 147 orang siswa SMPN 2 Kebomas kelas VIII dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Skala pola asuh otoritatif dan skala keterbukaan diri dipergunakan untuk memperoleh data dan hasilnya dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear lalu diproses mempergunakan SPSS 15. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola asuh otoritatif berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keterbukaan diri.
Engelli Bireylerde Tiyatro Aktivitesinin İletişim ve Etkileşim Becerileri Üzerine Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Gün Fatma , AKEL Burcu Semin
Published: April 2018

Çalışmamızda, tiyatro aktivitesinin oyuncuları aktive
eden ve kendine güveni artıran yapısı göz önüne alınmıştır ve engelli bireyde
tiyatro aktivitesinin iletişim ve etkileşim becerileri üzerindeki etkilerinin
incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve
Yöntem: Çalışmaya daha önceden tiyatro eğitimi almamış, tiyatro çalışması
için bir sanat atölyesine ilk defa başvurmuş, herhangi bir konuşma problemi ve
ağır mental retardasyonu olmayan 7 kişi alındı. Çalışmada İnsan Aktiviteleri
Modeli kapsamında geliştirilen İletişim ve Etkileşim Becerileri Değerlendirmesi
kullanıldı. Bu değerlendirmeye göre kişiler 60 dakika gözlemlendi ve gözleme
göre İletişim ve Etkileşim Becerileri Değerlendirmesi alt parametre
(fiziksellik, bilgi alışverişi, ilişkiler) puanları verildi. Kişiler ısınma
çalışmaları ve provalardan oluşan 12 seansa katıldı. Tiyatro seansların
sonunda, iletişim ve etkileşime ait değişimleri saptamak için İletişim ve
Etkileşim Becerileri Değerlendirmesi tekrar yapıldı. Sonuçlar: Beşi erkek (%71,4), 2’si kadın (%28,6) olan 7 bireyin
ortalama yaşı 16,85±2,4 yıldır. Bireylerin 3’si özgül öğrenme güçlüğü, 4’ü
hafif mental retardasayon tanısına sahipti. Katılımcılar, ilk İletişim ve
Etkileşim Becerileri Değerlendirmesi değerlendirmesinden ortalama 46,42±12,75
(ortanca=56) puan, tiyatro aktivitesinin ardından ortalama 64,14±8,35 puan
aldı. Katılımcıların iletişim ve etkileşim becerilerindeki fark istatiksel
olarak anlamlı bulundu (p=0,018).Tartışma:
Tiyatronun iletişim etkileşim becerilerinde gelişme sağladığı görülmektedir.
Yine de büyük örneklem gruplarıyla yapılacak kontrollü çalışmalar
gerekmektedir.
Goalball Sporcularında Ayakkabının ve Görmenin Denge Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: AKINOĞLU Bihter , KOCAHAN Tuğba , BİRBRN Tuğba , ÜN YILDIRIM Necmiye , HASANOĞLU Adnan , KARAMAN Gülcan
Published: April 2018

Bu
çalışma goalball sporcularında ayakkabının ve görmenin (gözler açık, gözler
kapalı) denge üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 16-26
yaşları arasında, görme keskinlikleri B1-B3 arasında olan 9 gönüllü bayan goalball
sporcusu ile gerçekleştirildi. Sporcuların stabilite ve tek ayak üzerinde denge
testleri Human Body Equilibrium 360 (HUBER 360®) ile yapıldı. Ölçümler
ayakkabılı ve ayakkabısız olarak yapıldı. Sonuçlar:
Ayakkabılı ve ayakkabısız yapılan stabilite testinde merkez, uzunluk ve hız
değerlerinde farklılık olmadığı (p>0.05), gözler açık ölçülen alan
değerlerinde farklılık olmadığı (p>0.05) belirlendi. Ancak gözler kapalı
alan değerinin ayakkabısız pozisyonda daha az olduğu (p<0.05) ve ayakkabısız
ölçüm lehine olduğu belirlendi. Ayakkabılı ve ayakkabısız olarak
değerlendirilen sağ ve sol ayak üzerindeki denge değerlerinde farklılık
olmadığı belirlendi (p>0.05). Gözler açık ve gözler kapalı olarak yapılan
stabilite testinde, ayakkabılı ölçümlerde gözler açık alan değerinin daha iyi
olduğu belirlenirken, ayakkabısız ölçümlerde gözler açık uzunluk ve hız
değerlerinin daha iyi olduğu belirlendi (p<0.05). Tartışma: Çalışmamızda, ayakkabının goalball sporcularında dengeyi
pozitif yönde etkilemediği hatta ayakkabı varlığının goalball sporcularının
dengelerini negatif etkilediği belirlendi. Aynı zamanda az gören goalball
sporcularında bile görmenin denge üzerine pozitif etkileri olduğu çalışmamız
ile belirlendi.
AN ANALYSIS OF WORD FORMATION PROCESSES IN OUTDOOR ADVERTISEMENT OF BILLBOARD FOUND IN LAMONGAN
Authors: Nurman Moh
Published: April 2018

As the term word-formation are dealing with the formation of words. Word formation process has ten categories are the followings: Coinage, Borrowing, Compounding, Blending, Clipping, Back Formation, Conversion, Acronym, Inflection and Derivation.Keywords: word formation, advertisement and billboard
DEVELOPING COOPERATIVE LESSON PLANNING FOR TEACHING SOCIOLINGUISTIC: DIRECTNESS AND INDIRECTNESS IN COMUNICATION
Authors: Haryani Tiara Retno
Published: April 2018

people communicate in various ways in order to interact and gain relationship to other people. In this era, people expand communication not onl y to people in their milieu such as famil y, but also to people from various environments which have different background culture.Keywords: cooperative, lesson planning, directness and indirectness communication
AN ETHNOGRAPHY STUDY ON LANGUAGE SHIFT OF MIGRANT FAMILIES
Authors: Lestari Eni Dwi
Published: April 2018

The objectives of this research are to describe the process and the factors of language shift in the migrants at Sugihwaras Village, Deket Subdistrict, Lamongan Regency. This ethnography research explores the observable and learned patterns of behavior, customs, and ways of  life of a culture-sharing group. The writer emphasizes on the language shift as the part of culture. In this  research, the writer presents the data by describing and analyzing the data based on the language shift as the social phenomenon and it also studied from the point of view of Sociolingustics studyThe subject of this research is two migrant families, who stay in Sugiwaras Village, Deket Subdistrict, Lamongan Regency. The first family is Madurese,  and the second is Bugisnese. The research found that the process of language shift in the migrant at Sugihwaras Deket Lamongan occurs gradually. The migrant use Indonesia as their bridge to communicate with the society previously.Keywords: language shift, migrant family
Previdência Social:
Authors: De Carvalho Alexandre Garcia
Published: April 2018

O Regime Geral de Previdência Social - RGPS é uma intervenção do tipo binário investigada sob duas perspectivas: tributação e gastos. Os pagamentos compulsórios ao RGPS constituem um tributo que reduz a renda líquida disponível do trabalho, incrementam a preferência temporal dos indivíduos e espera-se que diminuam a poupança. Esse resultado esperado não se revela nesta investigação, tampouco na revisão de outros estudos baseados em indicadores com alto nível de agregação. Estudos baseados em dados desagregados corroboram majoritariamente a previsão teórica, indicando ser este o caminho para futuras investigações. Os gastos do RGPS subdividem-se entre consumo e transferências. Burocratas consomem parcela significativa dos pagamentos efetuados ao RGPS com sua própria remuneração ou utilização direta de mercadorias e serviços. A parcela remanescente é transferida a indivíduos selecionados por políticos e burocratas, principalmente sob a forma de aposentadorias. Essas transferências constituem um subsídio ao lazer. Espera-se que resultem numa redução da atividade laboral, previsão corroborada por esta investigação e por outros estudos. O RGPS reduz a utilidade experimentada pelos membros da sociedade brasileira. A sua maximização requer não a mera reforma da previdência, mas a extinção do RGPS.
Membangun Aplikasi Chatting Untuk Media Perkenalan Berbasis Web
Authors: Sutikno Sutikno , Astuti Indah Fitri , Khairina Dyna Marisa
Published: April 2018

Salah satu kebutuhan paling mendasar dari manusia adalah komunikasi. Seiring perkembangan zaman, cara manusia dalam berkomunikas semakin beragam. Salah satu cara komunikasi yang paling diminati saat ini adalah internet chatting. Dengan chatting manusia dapat melakukan obrolan langsung dengan siapa saja dan dimana saja tanpa harus bertemu secara langsung. Saat ini teknologi chatting tidak hanya digunakan untuk saling sapa dengan teman, chatting juga kerap digunakan untuk berkenalan dengan orang asing dan bahkan juga untuk mencari jodoh. Untuk membantu para pengguna internet chatting, dibutuhkan sebuah aplikasi sebagai wadah pertemuan antar pengguna agar dapat saling berkenalan dan berinteraksi satu sama lain. Layanan yang tersedia pada aplikasi dapat diakses secara penuh melalui website yang diantaranya adalah chatting, pesan pribadi dan sistem pencari pasangan yang menggunakan data diri pengguna sebagai acuan kecocokan.
Analisa Algoritma C4.5 Untuk Memprediksi Penjualan Motor Pada Pt. Capella Dinamik Nusantara Cabang Muka Kuning
Authors: Azwanti Nurul
Published: April 2018

Motor menjadi pilihan setiap orang sebagai andalan transportasi karena dari harga yang terjangkau serta dapat digunakan dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Di Indonesia sendiri, motor yang paling banyak diminati adalah motor merk Honda. Tercatat sebagai pemimpin pasar, dengan kontribusi 72,28 persen dan total penjualan sebesar 2.362.047 unit pada tahun 2016 (menurut Asosiasi Industri Sepeda Motor Indonesia). Untuk wilayah kota Batam perusahaan yang menjual motor Honda salah satunya adalah PT. Capella Dinamik Nusantara Cabang Muka Kuning. Wilayah penjualan sangat mempengaruhi terhadap penjualan motor, selain ke showroom langsung, dibeberapa tempat ramai seperti mall bisa menjadi promosi dan penjualan motor karena mudah dijangkau oleh masyarakat. Jumlah data yang sangat banyak akan sangat sulit untuk dianalisa. Analisa diperlukan untuk melihat pola dari data penjualan sehingga dapat menghasilkan prediksi penjualan motor yang nantinya akan berguna untuk pendistribusian motor dibeberapa wilayah. Dari data konsumen yang begitu banyak, maka dilakukan Data Mining dengan menggunakan algoritma C4.5. Hasil dari kegiatan mining ini diharapkan dapat memberikan sebuah pohon keputusan untuk melihat pola prediksi perilaku konsumen membeli motor.