bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Random lasing as a sensing tool in brain samples of an animal model of Huntington's disease
Authors: de Armas-Rillo Sergio , Fumagallo-Reading Felipe , Luis-Ravelo Diego , Abdul-Jalbar Beatriz , González-Hernández Tomás , Lahoz Fernando
Published: September 2022

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by an expansion of CAG triplet repeats in the gene that encodes the protein Huntingtin (HTT). Proteolytic fragments of the mutant HTT (mHTT) are accumulated in neurons leading to neurodegeneration. HD has no cure, and most research efforts are focused on finding disease-modifying therapies and biomarkers of disease progression and treatment efficacy. Random lasing (RL) has been successfully used in biomedicine to differentiate normal from pathological tissues showing robust morphological and structural differences. Here, we evaluate the potential of RL in discriminating brain samples of a transgenic mouse model of HD from those of its wild-type littermates. Furthermore, we also investigate the sensibility of RL to the effects of a mHTT lowering treatment in transgenic mice therapy. The results reveal that multivariate statistical analysis of RL signals discriminates between healthy and transgenic mice and also between treated and untreated transgenic mice. These findings open up perspectives for RL as a sensing tool in HD and, possibly, in other neurodegenerative diseases whose pathogenic hallmark is the accumulation of anomalous proteins.
High-throughput nanoscale liposome formation via electrohydrodynamic-based micromixer
Authors: Trabzon L. , Karimian Gh. , R. Khosroshahi A. , Gül B. , Gh. Bakhshayesh A. , Kocak A. F. , Akyıldız D. , Aldi Y. E.
Published: September 2022

Liposomes are one of the most attractive particles in different industries, especially pharmaceutical applications. The main reasons for such a desire for liposomes are nontoxicity, small size, the ability to encapsulate and carry biological components, and finally biocompatibility and biodegradability. The present study aims to simulate the active electrohydrodynamic-based micromixer for the high-throughput formation of nanoscale liposomes. The micromixer consists of two inlets for de-ionized water and one inlet for ethanol with lipid particles. Two configurations of asymmetric electrodes, namely, longitudinal and the array of electrodes, were introduced and examined. Electrodes were placed at the bottom of the mixer, and a direct current electrical field was applied to them. Generated chaotic advection inside the microchannel by the electrical field and, consequently, increasing surface-to-volume ratio is the main reason for the increase in the formation of liposomes. These configurations of electrodes cause the liposome formation occurs at very low voltages, which is the most advantage of the proposed micromixer. The Taguchi method as a statistical method of design of experiment (DOE) was utilized to reduce the number of required simulations. The simulations showed that case 6 had the best mixing index of 0.586 among the studied models. Also, according to the DOE results, the best possible design was found and simulated and a mixing index of 0.743, which has a 5.3% error in comparison to the predicted results.
Dynamic mode decomposition analysis and fluid-mechanical aspects of viscoelastic fluid flows past a cylinder in laminar vortex shedding regime
Authors: Hamid F. , Sasmal C. , Chhabra R. P.
Published: September 2022

This study presents an extensive numerical investigation to understand the effect of fluid viscoelasticity on the flow dynamics past a stationary cylinder in the laminar vortex shedding regime. The governing equations, namely, mass, momentum, and Oldroyd-B viscoelastic constitutive equations, have been solved at a fixed value of the Reynolds number of 100 and over a range of values of the Weissenberg number as 0≤Wi≤2 and polymer viscosity ratio as 0.5≤β≤0.85. In particular, for the first time, this study presents a detailed analysis of how the fluid viscoelasticity influences the coherent flow structures in this benchmark problem using the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) technique, which is considered to be one of the widely used reduced order modeling techniques in the domain of fluid mechanics. We show that this technique can successfully identify the low-rank fluid structures in terms of the spatiotemporal modes from the time-resolved vorticity field snapshots and capture the essential flow features by very few modes. Furthermore, we observe a significant difference in the amplitude and frequency associated with these modes for Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids otherwise under the same conditions. This, in turn, explains the differences seen in the flow dynamics between the two types of fluids in an unambiguous way, such as why the fluid viscoelasticity suppresses the vortex shedding phenomenon and decreases the energy associated with the velocity fluctuations in viscoelastic fluids than that in Newtonian fluids. However, before performing the DMD analysis, we also present a detailed discussion on the various fluid-mechanical aspects of this flow system, such as streamline patterns, vorticity fields, drag and lift forces acting on the cylinder, etc. This will ultimately set a reference platform for delineating the importance of the DMD analysis to get further insight into flow physics.
Muon Spin Relaxation Study of Frustrated Tm3Sb3Mg2O14 with Kagomé Lattice
Authors: Yang Yanxing , Chen Kaiwen , Ding Zhaofeng , Hillier Adrian D. , Shu Lei
Published: September 2022

The structure and magnetic properties of rare-earth ions Tm3+ Kagomé lattice Tm3Sb3Mg2O14 are studied by x-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility and muon spin relaxation (μSR) experiments. The existence of a small amount of Tm/Mg site-mixing disorder is revealed. DC magnetic susceptibility measurement shows that Tm3+ magnetic moments are antiferromagnetically correlated with a negative Curie–Weiss temperature of –26.3 K. Neither long-range magnetic order nor spin-glass transition is observed by DC and AC magnetic susceptibility, and confirmed by μSR experiment down to 0.1 K. However, the emergence of short-range magnetic order is indicated by the zero-field μSR experiments, and the absence of spin dynamics at low temperatures is evidenced by the longitudinal-field μSR technique. Compared with the results of Tm3Sb3Zn2O14, another Tm-based Kagomé lattice with much more site-mixing disorder, the gapless spin liquid like behaviors in Tm3Sb3Zn2O14 can be induced by disorder effect. Samples with perfect geometrical frustration are in urgent demand to establish whether QSL exists in this kind of materials with rare-earth Kagomé lattice.
Facile electro-thermal igniters based on freestanding CNTs films for the ignition of energetic materials
Authors: Kang Xiaoli , Li Chunhong , Cui Wen , Yuan Hao , Wang Zhengshang , Zheng Zhou , Cui Xudong
Published: September 2022

Facile electro-thermal igniters based on freestanding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) films are investigated for exploring the use of igniting energetic materials. Increases in electro-thermal temperature, dynamic pictures of ignition process, and temporal changes of voltage, current and resistance as well as the ignition ability of freestanding CNTs film–based igniters with different film thickness are compared with their counterparts with paper-like substrate. The results demonstrated that freestanding CNTs film–based igniters had faster rise in electro-thermal temperature and better ignition ability than their counterparts. The ignition delay of loaded energetic materials employing freestanding CNTs film based–igniters was only 40%–67% of their counterparts depending on the film thickness. Freestanding CNTs film–based igniters with larger thicknesses were more suitable for the rapid ignition of energetic materials. The shortest ignition delay for igniters of 8 × 8 mm bridge area under 20 V was less than 80 ms. The initial temperature rise rate of igniters was crucial for deciding the ignition delays of loaded energetic materials. The presence of substrates in CNTs film–based igniters impeded their temperature rise rate and thus increased the ignition delay of loaded energetic materials. Moreover, due to the property of negative resistance-temperature coefficient, freestanding CNTs film–based igniters are favourable for the realization of low voltage ignition of energetic materials.
Correlation between interface perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions in Pt/Pd(t
Pd)/Co(t
Co)/Au
Authors: Ourdani D , Roussigné Y , Chérif S M , Gabor M S , Belmeguenai M
Published: September 2022

The interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (iDMI) and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) can be manipulated via interface engineering. Their strength determines the generation and the size of skyrmions, and the correlation between the iDMI and PMA allows them to be controlled simultaneously, thus choosing the material parameters for which skyrmions can be formed. This opens up the possibility of synthesizing suitable magnetic multilayers that are needed for low-power high-density memory and in logic applications. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), Brillouin light scattering (BLS), and microstrip ferromagnetic resonance (MS-FMR) were used to investigate the correlation between the iDMI and the interface PMA. For this, Pt/Pd(t
Pd)Co(t
Co)/Au thin film structures with 0 ⩽ t
Pd⩽1.2 nm and 1.2 nm ⩽ t
Co⩽3 nm were grown by combined sputtering and e-beam evaporation on Si/SiO2 substrates. VSM measurements revealed a negligible magnetic dead layer and a Pd thickness-independent magnetization at saturation of around 1200 emu cm−3. MS-FMR and BLS allowed us to conclue that PMA results from weak volume and interfacial contributions induced by Pd/Co or Pt/Co and Co/Au interfaces. The interface anisotropy constants are found to be 0.65 mJ m−2 and 0.85 mJ m−2 for Pd/Co and for Pt/Co interfaces, respectively. The Pd thickness-dependence of surface iDMI (D
s) and PMA (K
s) constants follow an exponential decay with a characteristic thickness higher for PMA than the iDMI. The slower decrease of K
s vs Pd thickness suggests a shorter range of the iDMI with respect to PMA and points out a strongly localized origin for the iDMI. This difference between the iDMI and PMA is most likely responsible for the nonlinear correlation between PMA and iDMI constants. The investigation of the Co thickness-dependence of the iDMI and PMA in Pd/Co/MgO/Ta systems allows us to conclude a zero iDMI constant of Co/Au and to determine the iDMI constants of Pd/Co and Co/MgO, estimated to be D
s
Pd/Co = −0.096 pJ m−1 and D
s
Co/MgO = −0.15 pJ m−1, respectively. The criterion of skyrmions stability, applied for our samples, revealed the possibility of the existence of stable skyrmions in some samples.
Incommensurate magnetic ordering in CrB2
Authors: Deák A , Jackson J , Nyári B , Szunyogh L
Published: September 2022

Incommensurate magnetism in CrB2 is studied in terms of a spin model based on density functional theory calculations. Heisenberg exchange interactions derived from the paramagnetic phase using the disordered local moment (DLM) theory show significant differences compared with those resulting from the treatment of the material as a ferromagnet; of these two methods, the DLM theory is found to give a significantly more realistic description. We calculate strongly ferromagnetic interactions between Cr planes but largely frustrated interactions within Cr planes. Although we find that the ground state ordering vector is sensitive to exchange interactions over a large number of neighbour shells, the q-vector of the incommensurate spin spiral state is satisfactorily reproduced by the theory (0.213 compared with the known ordering vector

0.285
×
(
2
π
)

/

(
a

/

2
)

along Γ–

K

). The strong geometric frustration of the exchange interactions causes a rather low Néel temperature (about 97 K), also in good agreement with experiment.
Research on multi-source partial discharge localization based on improved FCM-LOF fuzzy clustering algorithm
Authors: Hu Xiaoxu , Wang Jingang , Xu Changjian , Yan Xiaojun , Zhao Pengcheng , Liu Ya
Published: September 2022

At present, the ultra-high frequency method is widely used in the single-source partial discharge (PD) location of substation sites; however, there are issues with the positioning accuracy being too low, and it is difficult to meet the needs of multi-source PD positioning. Based on the local outlier factor (LOF) outlier idea and fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm, this paper proposes the FCM-LOF algorithm to be applied to the research of multi-source PD positioning. This algorithm removes the discrete points of the original time difference data set based on the principle of the local density threshold, reduces the clustering center error, and improves the accuracy of multi-source positioning. The main research contents of this article are as follows. Firstly, using smoothing filter processing and the energy accumulation method, we collect the time difference of dual- and triple-source PD signals as the data set to be processed, and carry out the laboratory simulation experiment. Secondly, comparing the clustering effects of the k-means and FCM algorithms, it is found that the clustering accuracy of the FCM algorithm is significantly better than that of the k-means algorithm, and the positioning error is reduced by 27.3%. Then, using the neighborhood density and outlier factor to eliminate abnormal data, combined with FCM fuzzy clustering, an improved FCM-LOF algorithm is proposed. Compared with the FCM algorithm, the positioning error of this algorithm is reduced by 11.6%. It is suitable for multi-source positioning and has a greater improvement in noisy environments. Finally, the improved algorithm is applied to a field simulation test, which verifies the accuracy of the algorithm. We also study the factors affecting the positioning accuracy of the improved algorithm. The research in this paper can provide a powerful reference for multi-source PD detection of power equipment.
Analytical design and finite element analysis of a microgripper for characterizing a single microcapsule
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Owais , Ahmed Jameel , Bazaz Shafaat Ahmed
Published: September 2022

The typical technique of hardness testing of pharmaceutical microcapsules uses pressure transducer-based bulky devices by averaging mechanism. This not only produces non-precise results but also causes wastage of costly core material present in the microcapsules. To overcome these issues a miniaturized version of the device using a micro electromechanical system (MEMS)-based microgripper has been proposed, which can mechanically characterize a single microcapsule of sizes ranging from 5 µm to 20 µm with a maximum rupture force of 13.33 mN. The proposed microgripper consists of a hybrid chevron thermal actuator and integrated capacitive force sensor and has been designed using standard silicon-on-insulator multi-user MEMS processes with a device size of 2.5 × 3.2 mm2. The microgripper is efficiently modelled to produce a temperature gradient of about 350 °C from the actuator to the jaws making it able to handle temperature-sensitive samples.
Hydrodynamic phase field crystal approach to interfaces, dislocations, and multi-grain networks
Authors: Skogvoll Vidar , Salvalaglio Marco , Angheluta Luiza
Published: September 2022

We derive a phase field crystal model that couples the diffusive evolution of a microscopic structure with the fast dynamics of a macroscopic velocity field, explicitly accounting for the relaxation of elastic excitations. This model captures better than previous formulations the dynamics of complex interfaces and dislocations in single crystals as well as grain boundary migration in poly-crystals where the long-range elastic field is properly relaxed. The proposed model features a diffusivity that depends non-linearly on the local phase. It induces more localized interfaces between a disordered phase (liquid-like) and an ordered phase, e.g., stripes or crystal lattices. For stripes, the interface dynamics are shown to be strongly anisotropic. We also show that the model is able to evolve the classical PFC at mechanical equilibrium. However, in contrast to previous approaches, it is not restricted to a single-crystal configuration or small distortions from a fixed reference lattice. To showcase the capabilities of this approach, we consider a few examples, from the annihilation of dislocation loops in a single crystal at mechanical equilibrium to the relaxation of a microstructure including crystalline domains with different orientations and grain boundaries. During the self-annihilation of a mixed type dislocation loop (i.e., not shear or prismatic), long-range elastic effects cause the loop to move out of plane before the annihilation event.
Oscillating gravity, non-singularity and mass quantization from Moffat stochastic gravity arguments
Authors: El-Nabulsi Rami Ahmad , Anukool Waranont
Published: September 2022

In Moffat stochastic gravity arguments, the spacetime geometry is assumed to be a fluctuating background and the gravitational constant is a control parameter due to the presence of a time-dependent Gaussian white noise

ξ

(
t
)

.

In such a surrounding, both the singularities of gravitational collapse and the Big Bang have a zero probability of occurring. In this communication, we generalize Moffat’s arguments by adding a random temporal tiny variable for a smoothing purpose and creating a white Gaussian noise process with a short correlation time. The Universe accordingly is found to be non-singular and is dominated by an oscillating gravity. A connection with a quantum oscillator was established and analyzed. Surprisingly, the Hubble mass which emerges in extended supergravity may be quantized.
Investigations of moiré artifacts induced by flux fluctuations in x-ray dark-field imaging
Authors: Wang Zhi-Li , Chen Zi-Han , Gu Yao , Chen Heng , Ge Xin
Published: September 2022

X-ray dark-field imaging using a grating interferometer has shown potential benefits for a variety of applications in recent years. X-ray dark-field image is commonly retrieved by using discrete Fourier transform from the acquired phase-stepping data. The retrieval process assumes a constant phase step size and a constant flux for each stepped grating position. However, stepping errors and flux fluctuations inevitably occur due to external vibrations and/or thermal drift during data acquisition. Previous studies have shown that those influences introduce errors in the acquired phase-stepping data, which cause obvious moiré artifacts in the retrieved refraction image. This work investigates moiré artifacts in x-ray dark-field imaging as a result of flux fluctuations. For the retrieved mean intensity, amplitude, visibility and dark-field images, the dependence of moiré artifacts on flux fluctuation factors is theoretically derived respectively by using a first-order Taylor series expansion. Results of synchrotron radiation experiments verify the validity of the derived analytical formulas. The spatial frequency characteristics of moiré artifacts are analyzed and compared to those induced by phase-stepping errors. It illustrates that moiré artifacts can be estimated by a weighted mean of flux fluctuation factors, with the weighting factors dependent on the moiré phase and different greatly for each retrieved image. Furthermore, moiré artifacts can even be affected by object’s features not displayed in the particular contrast. These results can be used to interpret images correctly, identify sources of moiré artifacts, and develop dedicated algorithms to remove moiré artifacts in the retrieved multi-contrast images.
Zonal flow screening in negative triangularity tokamaks
Authors: Singh Rameswar , Diamond P.H.
Published: September 2022

This paper presents a comparative study of zonal flow screening in positive and negative triangularity tokamaks. Neoclassical screening sets the strength of zonal flow shear for fixed drive and damping. Orbit calculations show that the radial excursions of trapped particles are reduced in negative triangularity tokamaks, as compared to positive triangularity. Yet surprisingly, the neoclassical dielectric susceptibility actually increases with decreasing triangularity, such that the susceptibility is higher for negative triangularity than for positive triangularity. This is because the reduction in neoclassical polarization by shrinking the banana width is offset by the increase in neoclassical polarization by the enhancement of trapped fraction for negative triangularity. As a result, the zonal flow screening length is actually enhanced for negative triangularity, as compared to positive triangularity. Hence, the zonal flow residual is smaller for negative triangularity than for positive triangularity. Results from gyrokinetic simulations support the analytic calculations.
Electron cyclotron current drive under neutral beam injection on HL-2M
Authors: Zhong Yijun , Huang Qianhong , Gong Xueyu , Tan Qingyi , Yu Peng , Yang Guang , Zheng Pingwei , Yin Lan , Yang Tao , Wang Zhanhui , Xu Min
Published: September 2022

Based on OMFIT framework and HL-2M parameters, this paper comprehensively considers the changes in plasma density, temperature, and other transport quantities caused by the interaction of neutral beam injection (NBI) and electron cyclotron wave (ECW) with plasma. The changes in the Shafranov shift of the plasma magnetic surface center are also evaluated. Theoretically, the influence of NBI on the deposition location and current drive efficiency of the ECW is studied. According to the findings, NBI affected the position location and efficiency of the electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) deposited on both high field side (HFS) and low field side (LFS). NBI can relocate the ECW power deposition location to the core and increase the current drive efficiency when the ECW power is deposited on the LFS. When the NBI power increases to 7 MW, the ECCD deposition location can shift to the core by roughly 0.15 normalized small radii, and the current drive efficiency can be improved by 1.3 times. Moreover, as NBI power increases, the radial region where the dimensionless current drive efficiency equals to zero gets closer to the plasma edge. When ECW power is deposited on the HFS paraxial, increasing NBI power causes the ECW deposition location to move toward the plasma edge, thus lowering current drive efficiency. This trend is caused by an increase in NBI power, which can increase the Shafranov shift of the plasma center, increase the electron density, and change the electron temperature. These studies hold great significance for achieving more effective current drive and controlling the plasma current profile and neoclassical tearing mode instability.
Diagnosing X-pinch and cylindrical wire array Z-pinch with an all-optical framing camera on the “QiangGuang-I” facility
Authors: Song Y. , Peng B.D. , Song G.Z. , Yue Z.Q. , Duan B.J. , Li Y. , Cao N. , Xu Q. , Han C.C. , Yao Z.M. , Yan W.P. , Ma J.M. , Sheng L.
Published: September 2022

An all-optical framing camera has been established on the 1-MA “QiangGuang-I” facility for investigating the imploding dynamics of the X-pinch and the cylindrical wire array Z-pinch. This camera measures the photons flux distribution by detecting the photon-induced refractive index changes in the InP semiconductor with a probe laser beam. The InP-based imaging sensor with a 100 nm thick Al film and a 10 μm thick gold transmission grating of 20 μm spatial period was fabricated based on the lithography method. Two sequential frames with 1.5 ns time resolution and 13 ns inter frame separation time can be recorded in one single shot. Framing images indicating the plasma generation and dissipation of the X-pinch and the cylindrical wire array Z-pinch have been obtained, showing that this framing camera is a promising technique for investigating the mechanisms of the Z-pinch and other high energy density physics.
Timing system based on customized frequency White Rabbit network in SHINE
Authors: Ye Y. , Li H. , Li J. , Yan Y. , Yu P. , Gong G.
Published: September 2022

Shanghai HIgh repetition rate XFEL aNd Extreme light
facility (SHINE) is China's first hard X-ray FEL light source, which
is expected to provide cutting-edge research methods for scientific
research. To achieve the design target of SHINE, a high-precision
timing system synchronized with the RF synchronization system of the
accelerator is required, which could provide trigger signals and
bunch ID for equipment on the accelerator, beamlines, and
experimental stations so that those devices can be triggered in the
correct sequence. This paper proposes a timing system based on WR
technology that uses the RF signal from the synchronization system
of SHINE as a reference and realizes the broadcasting of RF
synchronization clock, including frequency and timescale, through an
optical fiber network, achieving a timing accuracy of 8 picoseconds
in the four-level network. Two enhanced timing applications,
including the machine clock fanout and the random-event trigger
distribution, are developed based on the RF timing benchmark. The
scheme provides high-precision distribution of RF timing signal and
general hardware interface, which can simplify the network structure
and is expected to be extended to other large-scale physical
accelerator facilities.
Gentamycin-loaded halloysite-based hydrogel nanocomposites for bone tissue regeneration: fabrication, evaluation of the antibacterial activity and cell response
Authors: Same Saeideh , Navidi Golnaz , Samee Golshan , Abedi Fatemeh , Aghazadeh Marziyeh , Milani Morteza , Akbarzadeh Abolfazl , Davaran Soodabeh
Published: September 2022

Biocompatible hydrogels are promising approaches for bone repair and engineering. A novel therapeutic nanocomposite hydrogel was designed based on triblock copolymer poly e-caprolactone (PCL)-polyethylene glycol-PCL and natural gelatin (PCEC/GEL) and reinforced with halloysite nanotube (HNT). Gentamicin (GM) loaded HNT was immobilized in polymeric hydrogel matrix to fabricate scaffolds using the freeze-drying method. Scaffolds were characterized via Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), x-ray powder diffraction, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) methods. The swelling ratio, density, porosity, degradation, and mechanical behavior were evaluated to investigate the effects of HNT on the physicochemical properties of the composite. Cell viability and cell attachment were investigated by microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay and SEM. Cell proliferation was observed without any cytotoxicity effect on human dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-DPSCs). Alizarin red staining and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) assay were carried out to monitor the osteoconductivity of scaffolds on h-DPSCs which were seeded drop wise onto the top of scaffolds. The quantification of the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of osteogenic marker genes, bone morphogenetic protein 2, SPARK, bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein and runt-related transcription factor 2 over a period of 21 d of cell seeding, demonstrated that cell-encapsulating PCEC/GEL/HNT-GM hydrogel scaffolds supported osteoblast differentiation of h-DPSCs into osteogenic cells through the up-regulation of related genes along with moderate effects on cell viability. Moreover, the antibiotics loading reduced bacterial growth while maintaining the osteogenic properties of the scaffold. Therefore, the bactericidal PCEC/GEL/HNT-GM hydrogel nanocomposite, with enhanced durability, maintenance the functionality of seeded cells in vitro that can be a remarkable dual-functional candidate for hard tissue reconstruction and customized bone implants fabrication via the direct incorporation of bactericidal drug to prevent infection.
Predicting future distributions and dispersal pathways for precautionary management of human-raccoon dog conflicts in metropolitan landscapes
Authors: Zhao Qianqian , Diao Yixin , Weng Yue , Huang Zixin , Gu Bojian , Wu Yiqian , Wang Yihan , Zhao Qing , Wang Fang
Published: September 2022

Human-wildlife conflicts in cities are becoming increasingly common worldwide and are a challenge to urban biodiversity management and landscape planning. In comparison to compensatory management, which often focuses on addressing emergency conflicts, precautionary management allows decision-makers to better allocate limited resources on prioritized areas and initiate long-term actions in advance. However, precautionary approaches have rarely been developed or applied in biodiversity conservation. Since 2020, human-raccoon dog conflicts in Shanghai, one of the largest cities in the world, have tripled in reported number due to the rapid spread of the species in the city from 70 residential districts in 2020 to 249 residential districts in 2022. Here, we use ensemble and circuit modeling to predict suitable raccoon dog habitat and identify their potential dispersal pathways to aid the development of precautionary management strategies. We find that raccoon dog distribution is positively associated with several anthropogenic factors, including residential buildings and nighttime light, which could be signs that the species’ foraging behavior has adapted to the urban environment. We find that raccoon dogs only occupy 10.1% of its suitable habitat, and thus there is a high potential for the expansion of the raccoon dog population and more frequent human-raccoon dog conflicts in the near future. We predict 60 potential dispersal pathways across Shanghai, seven of which cross densely human populated areas and are likely to trigger excessive conflicts. Based on our findings, we propose priority areas where precautionary management strategies, such as constraining stray animal feeding and wildlife-vehicle collision prevention, would potentially alleviate human-raccoon dog conflicts. We present the first study on the precautionary approach of human-wildlife conflict in China’s major cities, and provide a practical example of how comprehensive modeling approaches can be used as the foundation of precautionary management in urban landscapes.
Quantum causality constraints on kappa-Minkowski space-time
Authors: Franco Nicolas , Wallet Jean-Christophe
Published: September 2022

The κ-Minkoswki space-time provides a (quantum) noncommutative deformation of the usual Minkowski space-time. However, a notion of causality is difficult to be defined in such a space with noncommutative time. In this paper, we define a notion of causality on a (1 + 1)-dimensional κ-Minkoswki space-time using the more general framework of Lorentzian noncommutative geometry. We show that this notion allows specific causal relations, but limited by a general constraint which is a quantum generalization of the traditional speed of light limit.
Current research outlook on solar-assisted new energy ships: representative applications and fuel & GHG emission benefits
Authors: Tuswan Tuswan , Misbahudin Saefulloh , Junianto Sony , Yudo Hartono , Budi Santosa Ari Wibawa , Trimulyono Andi , Mursid Ocid , Chrismianto Deddy
Published: September 2022

Shipping industries, one of the efficient modes of freight transport for global trade, are now being forced to demonstrate environmental commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions progressively. Stakeholders in the maritime community have proposed various countermeasures and action plans, including applying new energy resources for the future development of ship powers. This paper introduces a comprehensive review to categorize the pathways and highlight the core technological concepts, technical issues, current applications, implementation barriers, and future outlooks regarding integrating new energy resources into ship power systems, including single solar-powered and hybrid new energy resources. Eco-friendly energy sources were promising energy savings and GHG emission benefits. Still, integrating new energy source generation systems would significantly depend on several critical factors. Because ships require a large surface area for installing PV panels, the utilization of solar-assisted power generation on large-scale boats is currently uncommon. The energy generated by the PV generating system is mostly utilized for lighting and electricity. Integrating new energy source generating systems with current ship power systems is a viable approach for enhancing energy efficiency will likely be the focus of future ship-based energy system research. Furthermore, due to the variety of applications, the ship type, power system structure, and navigation area should be considered while selecting a suitable new energy source.
Uncertainty Analysis Study on Seakeeping Tests of Benchmark Model
Authors: Rizal Nandiko , Sari Dian Purnama , Cahyono Beny , Prastyo Dedy Dwi , Ali Baharuddin , Arianti Erdina
Published: September 2022

Experimental uncertainty and measurement, particularly in engineering, have been increasingly emphasized over the last 20 years. Uncertainty analysis of ship model testing in seakeeping experiments based on International Organization for Standardization, Guide for Uncertainty of Measurements (ISO-GUM), report with recommendations published by ITTC (2008). In this paper, the uncertainties for free-running tests were performed for a model scale 1:62 as a benchmark model test at the Indonesian Hydrodynamic Laboratory (IHL). The benchmark model is representative of a full scale of 186 meters. The model has full appendages as well as a rudder and propellers to allow for free-running tests, natural roll period, free roll decay, and swing tests. Factors of basic uncertainty (type A and type B) are estimated using model tests. The standard deviation of the mean value of a repeated measurement is uncertainty type A. However, Type B uncertainty is estimated from manufacturing specifications. The uncertainty components resulting from both types are quantified by standard deviations. The uncertainty value of Type B is approximated by a corresponding variance. This study helps to understand the underlying uncertainty associated with this research, which resulted in a total geometry uncertainty value (Lpp, B, T, H,

KG

¯

, and kyy) of 0.17598% and the total uncertainty value of the instrument calibration results (wave height sensor and qualysis motion tracking) is 0.01161%. The results of this study are expected to minimize the impact of sources of uncertainty and allow the potential for underlying uncertainty to be corrected for the next seaworthiness test.
Design of Real-Time Monitoring System for Performance Parameter and Alarm of Main Engine RV. Baruna Jaya III
Authors: Handoyo T , Handani D W , Sudaryanto A , Nugroho T H
Published: September 2022

With the increasing age of RV. Baruna Jaya III (30 years), the ships often face various problems. The continuous operation of the engine causes a decrease in its performance which eventually results in the failure of the main engine. For instance, damage to the main engine can stop operating of the ship at sea which eventually have various impacts on ship and life safety as well as operational cost. In this context, efforts to manage ships especially for the operation of main engine and its prevention from errors through real time monitoring and control system have become a major issue. This study aims to design a monitoring and alarm system for the main engine performance on the RV. Baruna Jaya III as the preliminary step for the development of the overall monitoring system. As a result, a design for data acquisition of the main engine performance parameters in real time and the design of a ship’s main engine failure alarm system have been developed using PLC-based design technology and a SCADA-based monitoring system. This system can be thus further built for the performance of the ship’s main engine, as part of management ship operations and maintenance policies.
Propeller selection optimization on mini LNG ship based on engine propeller matching approach
Authors: Sandjaja I E , Ariana I M , Erwandi  , Indiaryanto M
Published: September 2022

Mini LNG Carrier Ship is specially designed for the purpose of distributing Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) throughout Indonesia and supporting the national program of generating 35.00 MegaWatt (MW). Indonesia’s vast territory with long distances requires an efficient transportation, including Mini LNG Carrier Ship to reduce costs, especially fuel and emission levels that meet the EEDI criteria set by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). One of the efficiency factors of Mini LNG Ship Carrier is obtained by optimizing the design, especially to the propulsion system. The propulsion system consists of the main engine and propeller. This study focuses on the selection of ship propulsion propellers, especially the type and number of propeller blades. The good propeller will have an impact on the level of energy efficiency. The research method used is a computational simulation using the Engine Propeller Matching (EPM) method. The study tested the B-Series propeller with an alternative number of propeller blades are (z) = 3, 4, 5, 6, and. 7. Calculating simulation results show that the analysis of the EPM computational results at 10 knots service speed, shows that the B6.40 propeller has a better efficiency value than the other propeller types (z = 3, 4, 5, and 7). Propeller type B6.40 produces a good level of efficiency according to the planned 2 x 250 KW engine performance diagram.
A Preliminary Web-Based Intermediary Application Design For Ship Repair Planning Services
Authors: Siswantoro Nurhadi , Prastowo Hari , Nugroho Hafiz Rahadyan , Zaman Muhammad Badrus , Pitana Trika , Priyanta Dwi , Prastowo Hari
Published: September 2022

According to data from the 2019 Ministry of Transportation Statistics Book, the number of national shipping fleets or ships in the country from 2015-2019 has doubled. However, from the potential of the current operating fleet, it shows that more than 75% of the fleet are over 20 years old. With such conditions, it is necessary to plan for ship maintenance and repairs to be as good as possible and to spend as little time as possible. This research aims to design a web-based intermediary application for ship repair planning services that can be accessed by using a website browser. The initial stage is to observe the condition of ship repair and planning from shipyard and shipowner perspectives through the literature and field study. From the result of the observation, then analyze what problems occur in the field and then arrange what functions or features are needed to be included in the design of the application to be able to solve these problems. Application design is done by making mock-ups, designing interfaces, creating databases and coding of the application system. After that, the application is tested and verified to find out that the application can run as intended and know the strengths and weaknesses of the application. The features in this application are designed to intermediary shipyard and shipowner in the ship repair planning process. The result of this preliminary web-based application design is by using this application, ship owners can search for docking space in available shipyards according to the schedule and place desired by the shipowner. In addition, by using this application, the shipowner can find out when the ship’s certificate expires so that they can prepare a schedule for conducting a survey. Then, both the shipyard and the shipowner can use this application to monitor and report on the progress of ship repair work.
Numerical Study into the Resistance of a Trimaran Hull at Various Longitudinal Spacing
Authors: Yuliora E , Utama I K A P , Suastika I K
Published: September 2022

Although the design of trimaran hull has gained popularity at the end of the 20th century, there are few databases available to numerical analysis of trimaran hull. This paper presents a numerical study of the resistance of trimaran hull at various length ratio (S/L) 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and Froude numbers 0.2 to 0.6 carried out by CFD simulation using FINETM/MARINE by NUMECA software and experimental data. Tri-A has a lower resistance than the trimaran B and C at low Froude number, but at hight Froude number 0.5 and 0.6, the Tri-A has a low resistance than the others. These results are compared with towing tank test data and obtained a lowest difference in the resistance of 0.98 % at TRI-A3. The lowest resistance for the trimaran model is Tri-C5 (Fr=0.6; S/L=0.4) with a total resistance coefficient (CT) of 65.89x10-4, this is due to favorable wave interference with a minimum IF of 0.02. The Interference Factor (IF) follows the same pattern in each configuration, however at maximum Fr, the minimal IF produced on Tri-A3(Fr=0.4; S/L=0.2), Tri-C4 (Fr=0.5; S/L=0.4), and Tri-C5 is 0.22, 0.12, and 0.02, respectively. Where the lowest IF indicates a positive effect because the resistance of the interference hull is lower hull at high speed. The results of this study are expected to be able to strengthen the data base in presenting the effect of interference resistance of the trimaran, which can then be applied directly in determining the magnitude of the ship’s propulsion at the preliminary design stage.
Supply Chain Performance of Logistic Business Using SCOR Model in Tg.Priok Port Jakarta
Authors: Rachman Abdul , Rahayu Sindu , Sambarani Budi , Sugianto Dodi , Kwartama Agung
Published: September 2022

This study aims to identify and evaluate accurately the measurement process of Supply Chain Management of port operators in Tanjung priok jakarta. The target of this research is several sea transportation companies, especially loading and unloading companies in Jakarta. Loading and unloading companies with experience in these ports will later be able to help direct students in the Independent Campus Self-Learning process in Indonesia through an internship program. The main problem in the delayed loading and unloading process is the loading and unloading workers, especially at the Tanjung Priok Port, Jakarta. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis with the SCOR method through five measurement processes, namely Plan, Source, Make, Deliver, and Return. The loading and unloading conditions at three major ports in Indonesia are the benchmarks in this research. The research sample consisted of several company leaders in the transportation and logistics industry as informants from the port authority Regional Tanjung Priok Port Branch Jakarta, the findings of this study were to determine the Dwelling Time related to the desired Container Yard at the port as a temporary warehouse for loading and unloading companies and management of loading and unloading workers at ports that must be considered.
Study of the wear resistance of Hypereutectic Fe–Cr–C Hardfacing Alloy reinforced with carbide particles
Authors: Wang Jibo , Liu Tiantian , Xing Xiaolei , Li Jian , Qi Xiaowen , Yang Qingxiang
Published: September 2022

The microstructures and wear resistance of hypereutectic Fe–Cr–C hardfacing alloys reinforced with carbide particles was studied. The results showed that when the sizes of the M7C3 carbides were small, the wear resistance of the hardfacing alloy was considerably improved. During the wear process, the uniformly distributed small-sized carbides could also provide good support, and the uniform microstructure containing the fine M7C3 carbides could effectively reduce the force of the abrasive particles on the surface, evenly distribute the load, reduce the micro-cutting effect of the abrasive particles, and significantly improve the wear resistance of the hardfacing alloy. When the average size of the primary M7C3 carbides in the hardfacing alloy reached 0.5 μm, since the total volume fraction of the carbides of different sizes in the hardfacing alloy were basically the same, the reduction of the carbide size could significantly increase the phase interface of the M7C3 carbide and austenite. This could promote the occurrence of the M7C3 → M23C6 transformation, forming a two-phase composite structure with hard-core M7C3 carbide and soft-shell M23C6 carbide. This structure could reduce the interfacial stress between the M7C3 carbide and austenite and improve the spalling resistance of the carbides in the hardfacing alloy.
Study on adsorption behaviours of bovine serum albumin on CoCrMo alloy and Al2O3 ceramic surfaces
Authors: Wang Hongxin , Cheng Zhenbang , Zhang Peng , Ding Lin , Li Yanzhou , Lin Hua
Published: September 2022

The adsorption behaviours of bovine serum albumin (BSA) molecules on CoCrMo alloy and Al2O3 ceramic were considered as the main research object in this study, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used for investigation. The thickness of the BSA films as well as adsorption forces between the BSA molecules and samples were tested. The results indicate that the thickness of the adsorbed film is close to 2.09 nm, exhibiting lateral monolayer adsorption as the main mode of adsorption of deformed BSA molecules on the material surfaces; the adsorption force of the BSA molecules on CoCrMo alloy is greater than 85.9 nN, and the adsorption force on Al2O3 ceramic is greater than 68.2 nN. This difference in the adsorption force may be related to the fact that the surface positive charge of the CoCrMo alloy is greater than that of the Al2O3 ceramic.
Social equity in sustainability certification systems for the built environment: understanding concepts, value, and practice implications
Authors: Yeeles Adam , Sosalla-Bahr Kim , Ninete Jennifer , Wittmann Michaella , Jimenez Francesqca E , Brittin Jeri
Published: September 2022

Sustainability certification systems play both an agenda-setting and practical role for a variety of architecture, planning, and engineering project types. The evolution of existing systems and the creation of new certification systems to address a broader set of social sustainability topics provide a unique opportunity to explore the different ways the industry is thinking about and applying social equity ideas to varied projects. We explore this diversity by conducting a content analysis of the guidance documents from eight sustainability certification systems to better understand how social equity is defined, the context in which the concept is applied, and how systems value the idea. The manner and degree to which systems engage with recognitional, procedural, and distributional aspects of social equity varies. Consequently, there is no guarantee that certification leads to real-world equitable outcomes. Moreover, sustainability professionals seeking to use certification systems to address unequal social impacts or benefits still need to bring a clear set of goals regarding equity of what and for whom, as well as ideas of how to measure and evaluate the distribution of social costs/benefits in order to put social equity into practice.