bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Model Latihan Variasi Passing Futsal
Authors: Fikri Zainal , Fahrizqi Eko Bagus
Published: August 2022

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan permainan futsal dengan menggunakan model latihan variasi passing futsal yang disesuaikan dengan karakteristik anak di ekstrakulikuler sman 1 liwa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan design penelitian Two group pretest posttest design. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa sma yang mengikuti ekstrakulikuler futsal di sman 1 liwa yang berjumlah 30 orang yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Tahapan dalam penelitian ini yaitu melaksanakan pretest untuk mengetahui data awal dari siswa dengan menggunakan instrument tes keterampilan sepak bola (Johnson Soccer Tes) lalu pemberian perlakuan untuk kelompok eksperimen sebanyak 16 kali pertemuan dengan menggunakan 13 model latihan variasi passing dan yang terakhir melaksanakan posttest untuk mengetahui perubahan yang terjadi setelah diberikannya perlakuan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model latihan variasi passing futsal memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan passing, hal ini dapat dilihat dari rata-rata hasil posttest kedua kelompok dengan nilai posttest untuk kelompok eksperimen sebesar 36.53 lebih tinggi dari hasil rata-rata nilai pretest sebesar 26.60 dan untuk nilai posttest kelompok control sebesar 33.93 lebih tinggi dari hasil rata-rata nilai pretest sebesar 30.07 yang artinya ada pengaruh model latihan variasi passing futsal terhadap kemampuan passing pada siswa ekstrakulikuler futsal di sman 1 liwa
Mind the Gap: Workshop Satisfaction and Skills Development in Art-Based Learning
Authors: Sandberg Berit , Stasewitsch Elena , Prümper Jochen
Published: August 2022

Research on art-based leadership development suggests that this form of multimodal experiential learning enhances soft skills. Against this backdrop, two quantitative sub-studies from a research program on leadership development explored training effects of improvisational theater and visual arts. In both sub-studies, we applied a longitudinal pretest-posttest design and compared skills development with learner satisfaction and perceived usefulness of educational content. Our findings suggest that participants overestimate training success because very high satisfaction and favorable opinions on the programs’ practical relevance are not reflected in desired skills development. We interpret this discrepancy as a halo effect, in which the fun factor of art-based learning and other facets of aesthetic experience outshines actual learning results. Despite limitations such as small sample sizes, our findings contribute to research by putting overly positive assumptions on art-based learning’s effectiveness into perspective.
Item Analysis of Measuring Stem Teachers’ Practice in Higher-Order Thinking Skills Questioning Using Rasch Model
Authors: KHAIRUDDIN NOR'AIDA BINTI , Talib Rohaya
Published: August 2022

For interdisciplinary approach in STEM integration, HOTS questioning application is part of inquiry-based learning which helps learners to construct knowledge by discovering new concepts and developing design thinking. In Malaysia, STEM teachers still insufficient to construct HOTS questions in teaching and learning session. This study aims to analyse HOTS questioning practice items using the Rasch model in terms of validity and reliability. The inventory was developed to measure STEM teachers HOTS questioning practice from five dimensions such as external world view, classroom interactions, deep and analytical thinking and complex thinking strategies using Likert type scale. The pilot study was conducted in eight secondary schools which involved 86 upper secondary STEM teachers. WINSTEPS version 3.72.3 was applied to analyse the pilot study outcomes. The results showed that the reliability based on Cronbach Alpha is 0.97. The construct validity was determined by positive Point Measure Correlation (PMC) value, infit and outfit MSNQ between 0.4 to 1.5 and ZSTD range from -2.0 to 2.0. The summary statistics showed that person and item reliability were 0.97 and 0.95, respectively. The person separation index with the value of 5.39 and item separation index, 4.59 were considered as excellent separation. Finally, for unidimensionality, raw variance explained by measure was 49.1%, and the unexplained variance in the first factor was 6.7% meet the criteria Therefore, after eliminating the unfit items, the results demonstrated that this inventory was valid and reliable to measure STEM teachers HOTS questioning practice in future.
Cytotoxicity Assessment of Sea Star Asterias Rubens Protein-Sip-Young-6 HIS in Hela Cells. Comparisons with Doxorubicine Action
Authors: Leclerc Michel
Published: August 2022

The objective of this work is to assess whether recombinant protein SIP-Young-6 HIS, produced in HEK293, induces cell death in HeLa cells, when compared to doxorubicine action to achieve this, the metabolic activity is measured with the Cell Cytotoxicity Assay Kit (Abnova, Ref# KA4151) which contains a water-soluble dye that changes its absorption spectra upon cellular reduction. It seems that a post-translational modification occurs in HEK 293 since obtained results with the sea star young protein were less convincing than the preliminary ones. These last used directly the sea star IGKappa gene cloned in a CMV vector.
The need for independent safety investigation and regulation of road infrastructure
Authors: Hughes Brett
Published: August 2022

Morgan’s article (Morgan, 2022) raises an important topic and makes valuable points. In complex systems, crashes result from a combination of factors. Often, not all are recognised, a phenomenon known as What-You-Look-For-Is-What-You-Find (Lundberg et al., 2009). While driving over 40,000km around Australia, nonsensical or dangerous signage has been observed. For example, a 100km/h speed sign was posted when leaving a town, and that road terminated less than 100m later at a T-junction with a highway. Another example is the use of roadwork signs with no road workers, no pavement narrowing, or no roadworks at all. As Morgan (2022) indicates, poor signage contributes to crashes.
Komodifikasi Wilayah Pasca Perang: Okinawa Sebagai Destinasi Wisata Tropis â€œBukan Jepang?â€
Authors: Arifin Mukhlis , Iskandar Kurniawaty
Published: August 2022

This paper will review the commodification of tourism in Okinawa in the form of dark tourism and how the form of Japanese identity formation in Okinawa is basically "not Japanese." This research aims to understand how irony from tragedy becomes a commodity that can spur the economic pace of society. The concept of dark tourism and commodification will be the analysis knife in dissecting tourism activities in Okinawa. This paper uses literature study method; this paper will collect previous research and process it to understand how the commodification of tragedy can be of economic value. The study found that the tragedy can be valued as comodity by the tourist who looking for the past event as the comodity, but it will remain recorded in their collective memory as an unsolved problem in the affected community.

 

Tulisan ini mengulas tentang komodifikasi pariwisata di Okinawa dalam bentuk "Wisata Gelap" dan bagaimana bentuk pembentukan identitas Jepang di Okinawa pada dasarnya â€œbukan orang Jepangâ€. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana ironi dari tragedi menjadi komoditas yang dapat memacu laju ekonomi masyarakat. Konsep dark tourism dan komodifikasi akan menjadi pisau analisis dalam membedah aktivitas pariwisata di Okinawa. Makalah ini menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan. Makalah ini mengumpulkan penelitian sebelumnya dan mengolahnya untuk memahami bagaimana komodifikasi tragedi dapat bernilai ekonomi. Studi ini menemukan bahwa tragedi dapat dinilai sebagai komoditas oleh para wisatawan yang melihat peristiwa masa lalu sebagai komoditas, tetapi akan tetap terekam dalam memori kolektif mereka sebagai masalah yang belum terpecahkan di masyarakat yang terkena dampak.
Arbitrators as a Legal Profession in The Alternative Role of Dispute Resolution in Indonesia
Authors: Muhammad Iqbal Baiquni
Published: August 2022

The profession of arbitrator in Indonesia is a profession that has bright prospects for the present and the future. Based on Article 1 point 7 of Law No. 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution, the arbitrator profession is one or more persons who are chosen by the parties to the dispute or appointed by the District Court or by the arbitration institution, to give a decision regarding a particular dispute. which has been resolved by arbitration. An absolute requirement for an arbitrator is a professional, this is closely related to the ethics of the legal profession in carrying out its duties and authorities. The professional position of the Arbitrator is as a private party who is given rights and obligations, authorities and responsibilities by the state (AAPS Law No. 30 of 1999). In this paper, the author uses the juridical-normative method with a statute approximation approach or a study of legislation. This paper reviews more deeply about the Arbitrator Profession within the scope of the Legal Profession.

 

Profesi Arbiter di Indonesia menjadi profesi yang mempunyai prospek cerah untuk masa sekarang hingga masa mendatang. Berdasarkan Pasal 1 angka 7 UU No.30 Tahun 1999 tentang Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa, profesi arbiter merupakan seorang atau lebih yang lebih yang dipilih oleh para pihak yang bersengketa atau yang ditunjuk oleh Pengadilan Negeri atau oleh lembaga arbitrase, untuk memberikan putusan mengenai sengketa tertentu yang diserahkan penyelesaiannya melalui arbitrase. Syarat mutlak dimiliki seorang arbiter adalah profesional, hal ini berkaitan erat dalam etika profesi hukum dalam melaksanakan tugas dan wewenangnya. Kedudukan profesi Arbiter adalah sebagai pihak swasta yang diberikan hak dan kewajiban, wewenang dan tanggung jawab oleh negara (UU AAPS). Dalam tulisan ini penulis menggunakan metode yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan statute approch atau studi perundang-undangan. Tulisan ini mengulas lebih dalam tentang Profesi Arbiter dalam ruang lingkup Profesi Hukum.
Penggunaan Sapaan Pedagang Makanan di Lingkungan Kampus
Authors: Erfiani Baroroh Hilma
Published: August 2022

This research is a sociolinguistic study conducted in a simple scope of a campus setting. It aims at understanding the pronominal address system that is used in business conversational settings between sellers-buyers and canteen owners and their employees, as well as the responses from the speakers i.e. both the buyers and canteen employees. The theory used to achieve the goal is Brown and Gilmanâ€™s theory of pronominal address forms (1972). The analysis on the seven ways used by sellers in addressing (1) students; (2) security officers; (3) sellers from their own/same hometown; (4) sellers from different hometowns; (5) parking attendants; (6) photocopy employees; and (7) cleaning service employees, revealed that â€˜addressing by name onlyâ€™ was used to address younger people that the sellers had known already, as well as for addressing people whom they considered close, while the words â€œMasâ€ (brother), â€œMbakâ€ (sister), Ibu (madam), and Bapak (mister) were used for addressing older people as honorific titles that are deemed more respectful. The findings confirmed one of the Indonesiansâ€™ typical â€œEasternâ€ values, which is the use of specific pronominal address words in day-to-day lives.

 

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dalam bidang sosiolinguistik, yang dilakukan di ruang lingkup yang sederhana yaitu di lingkungan kampus. Penelitian ini berusaha mengungkapkan sistem sapaan yang digunakan pada tuturan seputar kegiatan perdagangan, antara penjual-pembeli maupun antara pemilik kantin dengan pegawainya dan respon yang diberikan oleh petutur, baik itu pembeli maupun pegawai kantin. Teori yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut adalah teori tutur sapa Brown dan Gilman (1972). Dari tujuh analisis penggunaan sapaan pedangang kepada (1) mahasiswa; (2) satpam; (3) sesame pedagang sedaerah; (4) sesama pedagan lain daerah; (5) petugas parkir; (6) petugas fotokopi; dan (petugas cleaning service), ditemukan panggilan â€œnamaâ€ sapaan bagi yang lebih muda karena sudah mengenal dan sebagai sapaan langsung secara akrab, dan panggilan â€œMasâ€, â€œMbaâ€, â€œIbuâ€, dan â€œBapakâ€ bagi yang lebih tua karena untuk lebih menghormati. Hal ini sejalan dengan ciri khas budaya ketimuran orang Indonesia dan kata sapaan yang digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Samverkan med konkurrerande kunskapsanspråk inom lokal aktiveringspolitik
Authors: Ulmestig Rickard , Panican Alexandru
Published: August 2022

Samverkan mellan Arbetsförmedlingen och kommunerna lyfts av staten upp som en kungsväg till framgångsrik lokal aktiveringspolitik. Detta problematiseras med utgångspunkt i organisationernas konkurrerande logiker. Resultatet visar att samverkan kan reproducera en aktiveringspolitik som både upprätthåller en svag ställning för de arbetslösa och riskerar att leda till lokalt godtycke.
Kampen för ett ”vi”
Authors: Hugemark Agneta
Published: August 2022

Funktionshinderrörelsen är ett av flera exempel på hur människor organiserat sig för att åstadkomma rättvisa för en socialt missgynnad grupp. I takt med att organisationerna lyckats artikulera och etablera sina krav på den offentliga och politiska arenan har kampen också åstadkommit reella förändringar. En sådan organisation är Föreningen för utvecklingsstörda barn, ungdomar och vuxna (FUB). Organisationen bildades vid 1900-talets mitt och är en av de äldsta i den svenska funktionshinderrörelsen. FUB tas här som exempel på hur rörelseorganisationers ibland problematiska kamp för resurser och legitimitet kan förstås mot bakgrund av förutsättningar som är gemensamma för organisationer som driver politiska krav för underordnade grupper. I sådana organisationer uppstår återkommande oenighet i helt centrala frågor, som vilka gemensamma erfarenheter som är viktigast, hur medlemmar ska rekryteras och vilka politiska krav som ska drivas. Ett sätt att tolka sådana diskussioner är att individualisera problemen och att hänföra dem till inkompetens, samarbetssvårigheter, illojalitet etcetera. I den här artikeln förstås diskussionerna mot bakgrund av ett mer grundläggande problem: att politisk framgång betingas av organisationens storlek såväl som av hur entydigt den artikulerar sin kollektiva identitet och sina politiska krav. Dilemmat består i att risken för oenighet tenderar att öka ju fler personer organisationen lyckas rekrytera. Dilemmat mellan storlek och enighet kan inte lösas, icke förty måste det hanteras.
The unseen effect of pesticides: The impact on phytobiota structure and functions
Authors: Sangiorgio Daniela , Spinelli Francesco , Vandelle Elodie
Published: August 2022

In the last years, the diffusion and implementation of next-generation sequencing and the reduction of costs raised the interest in phytyobiome studies allowing to dissect the ecological interactions regulating the holobiont. Indeed, crop plants are associated with a wide diversity of microorganisms in all their parts. Crop microbiota influences plant phenotype, growth, yield and quality by contributing to plant resistance toward diseases, plant adaptation to abiotic stresses, and plant nutrition. The association between terrestrial plants and microbes developed at least 460 million years ago, as suggested by the fossil evidence of the earliest land plants, indicating the essential role of microbes for plants. Recent studies indicate that plants actively recruit beneficial microorganisms to facilitate their adaptation to environmental conditions. Cultivation methods and disease control measures can influence plant microbiome structure and functions. Both pesticide and biological control agent applications may alter the biodiversity inside the phytobiota and suppress beneficial functions. Nonetheless, to date, the effects of disease control measures on phytobiota and their possible side consequences on plant growth, crop productivity and quality remain a neglected field of study. The present work summarizes the known effects on phytobiota providing evidence about the role of plant microbial community in determining the overall efficacy of the applied control measure and suggests that future studies on plant disease control consider also the microbe-mediated effects on plant fitness.
Synergistic Activity of Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant and Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Fungal Origin Chitosan Against Phytopathogens
Authors: Karamchandani Bhoomika M. , Maurya Priya A. , Dalvi Sunil G. , Waghmode Samadhan , Sharma Deepansh , Rahman Pattanathu K. S. M. , Ghormade Vandana , Satpute Surekha K.
Published: August 2022

Phytopathogens pose severe implications in the quantity and quality of food production by instigating several diseases. Biocontrol strategies comprising the application of biomaterials have offered endless opportunities for sustainable agriculture. We explored multifarious potentials of rhamnolipid-BS (RH-BS: commercial), fungal chitosan (FCH), and FCH-derived nanoparticles (FCHNPs). The high-quality FCH was extracted from Cunninghamella echinulata NCIM 691 followed by the synthesis of FCHNPs. Both, FCH and FCHNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, DLS, zeta potential, FTIR, SEM, and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA). The commercial chitosan (CH) and synthesized chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs) were used along with test compounds (FCH and FCHNPs). SEM analysis revealed the spherical shape of the nanomaterials (CHNPs and FCHNPs). NTA provided high-resolution visual validation of particle size distribution for CHNPs (256.33 ± 18.80 nm) and FCHNPs (144.33 ± 10.20 nm). The antibacterial and antifungal assays conducted for RH-BS, FCH, and FCHNPs were supportive to propose their efficacies against phytopathogens. The lower MIC of RH-BS (256 μg/ml) was observed than that of FCH and FCHNPs (>1,024 μg/ml) against Xanthomonas campestris NCIM 5028, whereas a combination study of RH-BS with FCHNPs showed a reduction in MIC up to 128 and 4 μg/ml, respectively, indicating their synergistic activity. The other combination of RH-BS with FCH resulted in an additive effect reducing MIC up to 128 and 256 μg/ml, respectively. Microdilution plate assay conducted for three test compounds demonstrated inhibition of fungi, FI: Fusarium moniliforme ITCC 191, FII: Fusarium moniliforme ITCC 4432, and FIII: Fusarium graminearum ITCC 5334 (at 0.015% and 0.020% concentration). Furthermore, potency of test compounds performed through the in vitro model (poisoned food technique) displayed dose-dependent (0.005%, 0.010%, 0.015%, and 0.020% w/v) antifungal activity. Moreover, RH-BS and FCHNPs inhibited spore germination (61–90%) of the same fungi. Our efforts toward utilizing the combination of RH-BS with FCHNPs are significant to develop eco-friendly, low cytotoxic formulations in future.
Mapping knowledge structure and themes trends of biodegradable Mg-based alloy for orthopedic application: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis
Authors: Zheng Zitian , Xu Wennan , Xu Yanan , Xue Qingyun
Published: August 2022

Background: Since Lambotte and Payr first studied Mg-based alloys for orthopedics in 1900, the research of this field has finally ushered in vigorous development in the 21st century. From the perspective of quantitative analysis, this paper clearly demonstrated the global research trend from 2005 to 2021 by using bibliometrics and scientometric analysis.

Methods: We obtained the publications from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. The bibliometric and scientometric analysis was conducted by using R software, CiteSpace software, VOSviewer software, Pajek software and Microsoft Excel program.

Results: In total, 1921 publications were retrieved. It can be found that the number of publications is gradually increasing year by year. We can find that the most prolific countrie, institution and researcher are China, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Zheng Yufeng, respectively. The most influential journals in this field are Acta Biomaterialia and Biomaterials, with 16,511 and 12,314 total citations, respectively. By conducting the co-cited documents-based clustering analysis, 16 research hotspots and their representative studies have been identified. Besides, by conducting analysis of keywords, we divided the keyword citation bursts representing the development of the field into three stages.

Conclusion: The number of researches on the biodegradable Mg-based alloys increased sharply all over the world in the 21st century. China has made significant progress in biodegradable Mg-based alloy research. More focus will be placed on osteogenic differentiation, fabrication, graphene oxide, antibacterial property, bioactive glass and nanocomposite, which may be the next popular topics in the field.
Fluorinated triazoles as privileged potential candidates in drug development—focusing on their biological and pharmaceutical properties
Authors: Ullah Ihsan , Ilyas Muhammad , Omer Muhammad , Alamzeb Muhammad , Adnan  , Sohail Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Fluorinated heterocycles have attracted extensive attention not only in organic synthesis but also in pharmaceutical and medicinal sciences due to their enhanced biological activities than their non-fluorinated counterparts. Triazole is a simple five-membered heterocycle with three nitrogen atoms found in both natural and synthetic molecules that impart a broad spectrum of biological properties including but not limited to anticancer, antiproliferative, inhibitory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antiallergic, and antioxidant properties. In addition, incorporation of fluorine into triazole and its derivatives has been reported to enhance their pharmacological activity, making them promising drug candidates. This mini-review explores the current developments of backbone-fluorinated triazoles and functionalized fluorinated triazoles with established biological activities and pharmacological properties.
Encapsulation of berberine decorated ZnO nano-colloids into injectable hydrogel using for diabetic wound healing
Authors: Yin Xuechen , Fan Xiangyi , Zhou Zipeng , Li Qi
Published: August 2022

Chronic wound healing in diabetic patients had been considered a major clinical challenge, so there was an urgent need to establish more effective treatment methods. In this study, we prepared berberine-modified ZnO nano-colloids hydrogel (ZnO-Ber/H) and evaluated its wound healing performance in a diabetic rat. The prepared ZnO-Ber/H had excellent moisturizing, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress abilities. In vitro, ZnO-Ber/H could effectively up-regulate antioxidant stress factors (Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1) by 4.65-fold, 2.49-fold, 2.56-fold, respectively. In vivo experiments have shown that ZnO-Ber/H could effectively improve the wound healing rate (92.9%) after 15 days of treatment. Meanwhile, the ability of anti-oxidative stress had also been verified in vivo. ZnO-Ber/H down-regulated inflammatory factor (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) by 72.8%, 55% and 71% respectively, up-regulated vascular related factors VEGF and CD31 by 3.9-fold and 3.2-fold by Western blot. At the same time, ZnO-Ber/H could promote the expression of EGFR and FGFR, thereby affecting the generation of new epithelial tissue. Based on extensive characterization and biological evaluation, ZnO-Ber/H was expected to be a potential candidate for promoting diabetic wound healing.
Alterations in the vaginal microbiota of patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes
Authors: Yan Chunmei , Hong Fanzhen , Xin Gang , Duan Shuhong , Deng Xiaohui , Xu Yongping
Published: August 2022

Background

Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is a common pregnancy complication. Yet, the main cause of PPROM remains poorly understood. In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology to identify the differences in vaginal microbiota between pregnant women with PPROM and those who delivered at term.

Methods

Vaginal samples were collected from 48 patients with PPROM and 54 age- and gestational age-matched pregnant women who delivered at term (controls). The vaginal microbiota of the two groups was compared using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3-V4 regions.

Results

The vaginal microbial composition of the PPROM group was significantly different from that of the control group. Our results showed that the diversity of vaginal microbiota in patients with PPROM increased compared with controls. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus iners, Gardnerella vaginalis, Prevotella bivia, Ochrobactrum sp., Prevotella timonensis, and Ureaplasma parvum were more abundant in patients with PPROM, while Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus gasseri were more abundant in controls. Ochrobactrum sp., Prevotella timonensis, and Gardnerella vaginalis, could serve as biomarkers for PPROM. Finally, we proposed several metabolic pathways, including PWY-6339, PWY-6992, and PWY-7295.

Conclusion

PPROM is characterized by vaginal microbial dysbiosis. The dysbiotic vaginal microbiota signatures in patients with PPROM include a higher bacterial diversity, decreased autochthonous bacteria, and increased pathogenic bacteria. These results may be beneficial for developing biomarkers for screening and early diagnosis of PPROM and may provide effective preventative treatments.
Outer membrane vesicles of Porphyromonas gingivalis trigger NLRP3 inflammasome and induce neuroinflammation, tau phosphorylation, and memory dysfunction in mice
Authors: Gong Ting , Chen Qi , Mao Hongchen , Zhang Yao , Ren Huan , Xu Mengmeng , Chen Hong , Yang Deqin
Published: August 2022

Background

Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), the keystone pathogen in chronic periodontitis, is reported to initiate Alzheimer’s disease pathologies in preclinical studies. However, the specific mechanisms and signaling pathways acting on the brain still need to be further explored. Outer membrane vesicles are derived from Gram-negative bacteria and contain many virulence factors of bacteria. We hypothesized that outer membrane vesicles are an important weapon of Porphyromonas gingivalis to initiate Alzheimer’s disease pathologies.

Methods

The outer membrane vesicles of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg OMVs, 4 mg/kg) or saline were delivered to 14-month-old mice by oral gavage every other day for eight weeks. Behavioral alterations were assessed by the open field test, Morris water maze, and Y-maze test. Blood–brain barrier permeability, neuroinflammation, tau phosphorylation, and NLRP3 inflammasome-related protein were analyzed.

Results

Pg OMVs impaired memory and learning ability of mice and decreased tight junction–related gene expression ZO-1, occludin, claudin-5, and occludin protein expression in the hippocampus. Pg OMVs could be detected in the hippocampus and cortex three days after oral gavage. Furthermore, Pg OMVs activated both astrocytes and microglia and elevated IL-1β, tau phosphorylation on the Thr231 site, and NLRP3 inflammasome–related protein expression in the hippocampus. In in vitro studies, Pg OMV (5 µg/ml) stimulation increased the mRNA and immunofluorescence of NLRP3 in BV2 microglia, which were significantly inhibited by the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950. In contrast, the tau phosphorylation in N2a neurons was enhanced after treatment with conditioned media from Pg OMV-stimulated microglia, which was attenuated after pretreatment with MCC950.

Conclusions

These results indicate that Pg OMVs prompt memory dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and tau phosphorylation and trigger NLRP3 inflammasome in the brain of middle-aged mice. We propose that Pg OMVs play an important role in activating neuroinflammation in the AD-like pathology triggered by Porphyromonas gingivalis, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation is a possible mechanism.
Emergence of K1 ST23 and K2 ST65 hypervirulent klebsiella pneumoniae as true pathogens with specific virulence genes in cryptogenic pyogenic liver abscesses Shiraz Iran
Authors: Sohrabi Maryam , Alizade Naini Mahvash , Rasekhi Alireza , Oloomi Mana , Moradhaseli Farzad , Ayoub Abbas , Bazargani Abdollah , Hashemizadeh Zahra , Shahcheraghi Fereshteh , Badmasti Farzad
Published: August 2022

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) pathotype is emerging worldwide in pyogenic liver abscesses (PLAs). However, the role of virulence factors in pathogenicity remains unclear. On the other hand, the epidemiology of PLAs in Iran is unknown. From July 2020 to April 2022, bacterial species were isolated and identified from the drainage samples of 54 patients with PLAs. K. pneumoniae as the most common pathogen of pyogenic liver abscesses was identified in 20 (37%) of the 54 patients. We analyzed the clinical and microbiological characteristics of K. pneumoniae-related pyogenic liver abscesses. Antibiotic susceptibility testes and string test were performed. 16S rRNA, antibiotic resistance, and virulence genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction amplification. Clonal relatedness of isolates was identified by multilocus sequence typing. Virulence levels were assessed in the Galleria mellonella larval infection model. Four hvKp isolates (K1/K2) were found to be responsible for cryptogenic PLAs, and 16 classical K. pneumoniae isolates (non-K1/K2) were associated with non-cryptogenic PLAs. Three capsular serotype K1 strains belonged to sequence type 23 (ST23) and one K2 strain to ST65. Meanwhile, the non-K1/K2 strains belonged to other STs. ST231 was the most common strain among the classical K. pneumoniae strains. Compared with the non-K1/K2 strains, capsular serotypes K1/K2 strains were less resistant to antibiotics, had positive string test results, and had more virulence genes. In Galleria mellonella, a concentration of 106 colony-forming units of the K1 hvKp strain resulted in 100% death at 24 hours, confirming the higher virulence of the hvKp strain compared with cKp. K. pneumoniae isolates represented that the acquisition of any plasmid or chromosomal virulence genes contributes to pathogenicity and high prevalence in PLAs. Meanwhile, hvKp isolates with a specific genetic background were detected in cryptogenic PLAs.
Cancer therapy's impact on lipid metabolism: Mechanisms and future avenues
Authors: Bhatnagar Roshni , Dixit Neal M. , Yang Eric H. , Sallam Tamer
Published: August 2022

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a growing threat among cancer patients. Not surprisingly, cancer-targeting therapies have been linked to metabolic dysregulation including changes in local and systemic lipid metabolism. Thus, tumor development and cancer therapeutics are intimately linked to cholesterol metabolism and may be a driver of increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this population. Chemotherapeutic agents affect lipid metabolism through diverse mechanisms. In this review, we highlight the mechanistic and clinical evidence linking commonly used cytotoxic therapies with cholesterol metabolism and potential opportunities to limit atherosclerotic risk in this patient population. Better understanding of the link between atherosclerosis, cancer therapy, and cholesterol metabolism may inform optimal lipid therapy for cancer patients and mitigate cardiovascular disease burden.
A nomogram risk prediction model for no-reflow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention based on rapidly accessible patient data among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and its relationship with prognosis
Authors: Liu Yehong , Ye Ting , Chen Ke , Wu Gangyong , Xia Yang , Wang Xiao , Zong Gangjun
Published: August 2022

Background

No-reflow occurring after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) can increase the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The present study aimed to construct a nomogram prediction model that can be quickly referred to before surgery to predict the risk for no-reflow after PCI in STEMI patients, and to further explore its prognostic utility in this patient population.

Methods

Research subjects included 443 STEMI patients who underwent primary PCI between February 2018 and February 2021. Rapidly available clinical data obtained from emergency admissions were collected. Independent risk factors for no-reflow were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model. Subsequently, a nomogram for no-reflow was constructed and verified using bootstrap resampling. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate the discrimination ability of the nomogram model and a calibration curve was used to assess the concentricity between the model probability curve and ideal curve. Finally, the clinical utility of the model was evaluated using decision curve analysis.

Results

The incidence of no-reflow was 18% among patients with STEMI. Killip class ≥2 on admission, pre-operative D-dimer and fibrinogen levels, and systemic immune–inflammation index (SII) were independent risk factors for no-reflow. A simple and quickly accessible prediction nomogram for no-reflow after PCI was developed. This nomogram demonstrated good discrimination, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.716. This nomogram was further validated using bootstrapping with 1,000 repetitions; the C-index of the bootstrap model was 0.706. Decision curve analysis revealed that this model demonstrated good fit and calibration and positive net benefits. Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis revealed that patients with higher model scores were at a higher risk of MACE. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that higher model score(s) was an independent predictor of MACE (hazard ratio 2.062; P = 0.004).

Conclusions

A nomogram prediction model that can be quickly referred to before surgery to predict the risk for no-reflow after PCI in STEMI patients was constructed. This novel nomogram may be useful in identifying STEMI patients at higher risk for no-reflow and may predict prognosis in this patient population.
Using spatial syntax and GIS to identify spatial heterogeneity in the main urban area of Harbin, China
Authors: Sun Ming , Meng Qingxiang
Published: August 2022

The discourse about urban planning, urban design, urban management, and many other basic urban planning issues are related to identifying the spatial heterogeneity in the main urban area (MUA). Road networks are important infrastructure for social and economic development and also an important driving factor for urban land use. Therefore, the topological characteristics of the urban road network can be used as an important basis for the space of the division of the MUA. This study takes the MUA space in the Harbin Ring Expressway as the research object. The findings of this research establish a city model to identify the spatial heterogeneity, through a method of “Spatial essential attribute—Spatial autocorrelation analysis—Establishment of urban model.” In this model, spatial essential attributes are obtained from the analysis of space syntax. The spatial autocorrelation analysis is a method to calculate spatial clustering, and building the urban model is a kind of computer visualization method. Using this method, this research constructs a spatial heterogeneity model (SHM) of the urban built-up area in Harbin, which consists of three layers of spatial circles and two prominent regional structures. Then, it analyzes the spatial distribution of infrastructure and population agglomeration through nuclear density. We gain three conclusions: first, in addition to educational and greening facilities, the spatial distribution of infrastructure is correlated with the regional structure of SHM in Harbin’s MUA. Second, there are differences in the spatial attraction of population agglomeration between the different areas in the SHM of Harbin’s MUA. Finally, the new identification model of the SHM is scientific, but it has some advantages and demerits. Using spatial topological values to construct the SHM, it provides a new city model in urban spatial heterogeneity region recognition. Through the research results, the identification method of the SHM improves the traditional method which identifies urban heterogeneity areas according to people’s subjective wishes in urban planning. Therefore, the SHM helps relevant practitioners and scholars practice urban planning, urban analysis, urban protection, and urban management.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Bed Exchange Characteristics of Fine Sediments From the Weser Estuary
Authors: Patzke J. , Nehlsen E. , Fröhle P. , Hesse R. F.
Published: August 2022

Sedimentation of fine-grained sediments in estuaries is a natural physical phenomenon influenced by biogeochemical processes. In the estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM), enhanced net deposition of sediments is observed even in areas with higher hydrodynamic exposure, such as the navigational channel. Maintenance dredging is a common method to maintain the navigational channel, which requires large financial effort and has potential negative impacts on the environment. Research at the Institute for River and Coastal Engineering addresses the challenge of understanding the processes leading to net sedimentation and accumulation in estuarine navigational channels in reach of the ETM. In this contribution, investigations of bed exchange properties of estuarine cohesive sediments conducted in field and laboratory studies are presented. The results provide rarely available and estuary-specific parameters characterizing sediment transport, mainly related to erosion processes. By performing field campaigns within the ETM of the Weser estuary, cores of freshly deposited sediments have been sampled from two sites (Blexer Bogen and Nordenham) along the center of the navigational channel. Sediment characteristics (grain size distribution, water content, loss on ignition, density profiles) have been derived, and the erodibility of the deposits is investigated both quasi in situ and in the laboratory using an erosion microcosm system. Erodibility experiments are run in a closed system so sediment concentration above the lutocline increases during the experiment. This is a unique feature of this study, and it is expected to produce more natural characteristics of net erosion. By proving the reproducibility of the natural structure of the deposited sediments (stratification and density profiles) in the laboratory, systematic studies for analyzing the sensitivity of determined parameters (shear stresses and erosion rates) to varying environmental conditions (settling conditions and density) could be performed. Temporal development of suspended sediment concentration and erosion rates is the main result of the erodibility experiments, from which we derive bandwidths for erosion parameters, like floc erosion rate, critical shear for floc erosion, and critical shear for mass erosion.
Risk factors for COVID-19 case fatality rate in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide retrospective cohort study of 235,248 patients in the Russian Federation
Authors: Shestakova M. V. , Vikulova O. K. , Elfimova A. R. , Deviatkin A. A. , Dedov I. I. , Mokrysheva N. G.
Published: August 2022

The aim

To study the association of demographic, clinical, and laboratory factors and the use of glucose-lowering drugs and anti-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination with the COVID-19-related case fatality rate (CFR) in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients.

Methods

This study is a nationwide observational cohort study based on the data from the National Diabetes Register (NDR) that is the database containing online clinical information about the population with DM. The outcomes (death or recovery) for COVID-19 were registered in 235,248 patients with DM [type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), n = 11,058; type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), n = 224,190] from March 20, 2020, until November 25, 2021. The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate the risk factors for CFR. Then the ranging of significant factors was performed and the most vulnerable groups of factors for the lethal outcome were chosen.

Results

The CFR due to COVID-19 was 8.1% in T1DM and 15.3% in T2DM. Increased CFR was associated with the male population [OR = 1.25 (95% CI: 1.09–1.44) in T1DM and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.15–1.21) in T2DM], age ≥65 years [OR = 4.44 (95% CI: 3.75–5.24) in T1DM and 3.18 (95% CI: 3.09–3.26) in T2DM], DM duration ≥10 years [OR = 2.46 (95% CI: 2.06–2.95) in T1DM and 2.11 (95% CI: 2.06–2.16) in T2DM], body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 [OR = 1.95 (95% CI: 1.52–2.50)] in T1DM, HbA1c ≥7% [OR = 1.35 (95% CI: 1.29–1.43)] in T2DM. The atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were associated with higher CFR in T1DM but not in T2DM. The pre-COVID-19 glucose-lowering therapy in T2DM was differently associated with CFR (OR): 0.61 (95% CI: 0.59–0.62) for metformin, 0.59 (95% CI: 0.57–0.61) for dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitors), 0.46 (95% CI: 0.44–0.49) for sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, 0.38 (95% CI: 0.29–0.51) for glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (arGLP-1), 1.34 (95% CI: 1.31–1.37) for sulfonylurea (SU), and 1.47 (95% CI: 1.43–1.51) for insulin. Anti-COVID-19 vaccination was associated with a lower fatality risk in both DM types: OR = 0.07 (95% CI: 0.03–0.20) in T1DM and OR = 0.19 (95% CI: 0.17–0.22) in T2DM.

Conclusions

The results of our study suggest that increased COVID-19-related fatality risk in both T1DM and T2DM patients associated with the male population, older age, longer DM duration, and absence of anti-COVID-19 vaccination. In T2DM, pre-COVID-19 glucose-lowering therapy with metformin, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and arGLP-1 had a positive effect on the risk of death. The most vulnerable combination of risk factors for lethal outcome in both DM types was vaccine absence + age ≥65 years + DM duration ≥10 years.
Prevalence and risk factors of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Results from discover Middle East and Africa cohort
Authors: Hafidh Khadija , Malek Rachid , Al-Rubeaan Khalid , Kok Adri , Bayram Fahri , Echtay Akram , Rajadhyaksha Viraj , Hadaoui Ahmed
Published: August 2022

Background

We evaluated the prevalence of vascular complications and associated risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) initiating second-line glucose-lowering therapy from the Middle East and Africa (MEA) cohort of the 3-year prospective DISCOVER study involving 15,992 patients in 38 countries.

Methods

Baseline cross-sectional data collected from healthcare settings were used to assess micro and macrovascular complications prevalence as crude and age- and sex-standardised. The multi‐variable analysis assessed factors associated with these complications.

Results

Of 3,525 enrolled patients (mean age: 54.3 ± 10.8 years), >40% had hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. Metformin monotherapy was the first-line therapy in 56.5%, followed by metformin+sulphonylurea (20.3%). Crude and standardised prevalence of microvascular complications were 17.7% and 16.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.77‐16.98) and macrovascular complications were 10.7% and 8.7% (95% CI, 8.59–8.76). Factors significantly (p<0.05) associated with micro and macrovascular complications (odds ratios [95% CI]) were age (1.24 [1.12–1.39] and 1.58 [1.35–1.84]), male sex (1.33 [1.04‐1.70] and 1.71 [1.22–2.40]), hyperlipidaemia (1.33 [1.07-1.65] and 1.96 [1.46-2.63]) and hypertension (1.75 [1.40–2.19] and 2.84 [2.07-3.92]).

Conclusion

A substantial burden of vascular complications with prominent risk factors in the MEA cohort calls for early preventive interventions.
Diurnal changes of retinal microvascular circulation and RNFL thickness measured by optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea
Authors: Cai Yi , Liu Wen-Bo , Zhou Miao , Jin Yu-Tong , Sun Guo-Sheng , Zhao Long , Han Fang , Qu Jin-Feng , Shi Xuan , Zhao Ming-Wei
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To evaluate capillaries perfusion and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness diurnal changes of macular/optic disc regions among participants with or without obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea (OSA) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods

In this study, we enrolled a cohort of 35 participants including 14 patients with mild-to-moderate OSA, 12 patients with severe OSA, and 9 healthy individuals. All participants had Berlin questionnaire filled. At 20:00 and 6:30, right before and after the polysomnography examination, a comprehensive ocular examination was conducted. The systemic and ocular clinical characteristics were collected, and OCTA scans were performed repeatedly. Blood flow and RNFL thickness parameters were then exported using built-in software and analyzed accordingly.

Results

After sleep, the overall vessel density (VD) variables, especially macular and choriocapillaris VDs, were relatively comparative and stable. One exception was the RPC vessel density at the inside-disc region with a decreasing trend in the mild-to-moderate group (p=0.023). RNFL changes before and after sleep in the nasal-inferior and peripapillary region were statistically significant (p=0.003; p=0.043) among three groups. And multiple testing correction verified the significant difference in diurnal changes between the mild-to-moderate group and the control group in pairwise comparisons (p=0.006; p=0.02).

Conclusions

The changes of imperceptible blood flow and RNFL thickness overnight around optic disc areas could be observed in OSA patients. Despite physiological fluctuations, aberrant diurnal changes might be useful for identifying a decrease in micro-environmental stability associated with the development of various ocular diseases such as glaucoma. Other VD variables, especially macular and choriocapillaris VDs, are relatively stable in eyes of patients having OSA with different severity.
Ginsenosides improve reproductive capability of aged female Drosophila through mechanism dependent on ecdysteroid receptor (ECR) and steroid signaling pathway
Authors: Fu Baoyu , Ma Rui , Liu Fangbing , Chen Xuenan , Teng Xiaoyu , Yang Pengdi , Liu Jianzeng , Zhao Daqing , Sun Liwei
Published: August 2022

Aging ovaries caused diminished fertility and depleted steroid hormone level. Ginsenosides, the active ingredient in ginseng, had estrogen-like hormonal effects. Although ginsenosides were well known for their ability to alleviate many age-related degenerative diseases, the effect of ginsenosides on the decline in reproductive capability caused by aging, as well as the mechanism, are unknown. We found that ginsenosides improved the quantity and quality of the offspring, prolonged life and restored muscle ability in aged female Drosophila. In addition, ginsenosides inhibited ovarian atrophy and maintained steroid hormone 20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile-preserving hormone (JH)) levels. Ginsenosides activated ecdysteroid receptor (ECR) and increased the expression of the early transcription genes E74 and Broad (Br), which triggered steroid signaling pathway. Meanwhile, ginsenosides promoted JH biosynthesis by increasing the expression of Hydroxyl-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) and juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase (JHAMT). Subsequently, JH was bound to Methoprene Tolerant (Met) and activated the transcription of the responsive gene Kruppel Homolog 1 (Kr-h1), which coordinated with 20E signaling to promote the reproduction of aged female Drosophila. The reproductive capacity and steroid hormone levels were not improved and the steroid signaling pathway was not activated in ginsenoside-treated ECR knockout Drosophila. This suggested that ginsenosides played a role dependent on targeted ECR. Furthermore, 17 kinds of ginsenoside monomers were identified from the total ginsenosides. Among them, Rg1, Re and Rb1 improved the reproductive capacity and steroid hormone levels of aged female Drosophila, which has similar effects to the total ginsenoside. These results indicated that ginsenosides could enhance the reproductive capacity of aged female Drosophila by activating steroid signals dependent on nuclear receptor ECR. In addition, ginsenoside monomers Rg1, Rb1 and Re are the main active components of total ginsenosides to improve reproductive ability. This will provide strong evidence that ginsenosides had the potential to alleviate age-induced reproductive degradation.