bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vantagens e desvantagens da citologia convencional e da citologia em meio líquido na prática clínica: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Souza Edna Paula P. de , Mustafa Mônica de Mendonça , Sena Alysson Bastos
Published: November 2021

A citologia convencional é um método de coleta e análise de tecido cervical criado em 1928 como exame preventivo para o câncer de colo do útero, e embora o melhor método encontrado até o momento, haviam problemas quanto à precisão do exame e alta taxa de falsos-negativos. Em 1991 Martha L. Hutchinson cria a citologia em meio líquido, técnica que pretendia mitigar essas falhas. Este artigo faz uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre citologia convencional e citologia em meio líquido, comparando as vantagens e desvantagens de cada um dos métodos de análise. Estão presentes artigos, monografias, dissertações e teses em português publicados entre 2016 e 2021 nos repositórios google acadêmico, scientific electronic library online (Scielo), pubmed e scopus que tenham as palavras-chave “citologia convencional”, “citologia em meio líquido”, “citologia convencional e citologia em meio líquido” ou “citologia em meio líquido e citologia convencional”, sendo encontrados cinco artigos sobre o tema dentro desses parâmetros. Conclui-se que a citologia em meio líquido apresenta novas potencialidades para a citologia, mas a convencional possui valor específico na simplicidade do método que permite que ele seja realizado sem estrutura complexa, fazendo deste método confiável e valioso o suficiente para não ser tido como obsoleto.
O efeito do império da beleza em um grupo de alunos da educação infantil: reflexões acerca da discriminação etária
Authors: Russo Wânia Marlene Lopez , Cunha Fernando Icaro Jorge , Azambuja Suelen Martini , Almeida Ricardo Santos de , Soccal Daiane Maira , Biavaschi Adriana da Silva , Machado Filho Márcio da Mota , Hickmann Janete , Zanella Salete Pereira , Silveira Marlise Grecco de Souza , Moleda Joana Maristela Moreira , Dornelles Leni Vieira
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar lançando um olhar problematizador sobre as questões que têm marcado a atuação de uma professora junto a uma turma de Jardim II, partindo das narrativas de seus alunos da Educação Infantil, seus sentimentos e ações que se fazem presentes frequentemente e que caracterizam os conceitos que os mesmos apresentam sobre a relação entre ser professora e ser jovem e a negação em aceitar como professores pessoas que não se enquadram dentro dos conceitos de beleza e juventude por eles estabelecidos. Esses questionamentos propeliram a necessidade de investigar e analisar com acuidade as questões pessoais e familiares que regem o comportamento dessas crianças, utilizando como referencial de pesquisa os estudos que se caracterizam como pós-estruturalistas, em especial os estudos de Foucault. Esta discriminação etária apresentada pelos educandos, propiciou resultados demasiados que englobam a subjetividade, bem como, o efeito do império da beleza.
Pengurangan Resiko Penyebaran Covid-19 pada Jamaah Sholat Jumat di Masjid Kota Blitar Melalui Program Masker Gratis
Authors: Martanti Diana Elvianita , Yufron Ahmad , Suprianto Suprianto
Published: November 2021

Di wilayah Blitar terdapat beberapa masjid yang masih aktif melaksanakan kegiatan sholat berjamaah meskipun sedikit terganggu karena adanya pandemi. Pemerintah Kota Blitar memperbolehkan adanya kegiatan sholat berjamaah di Masjid akan tetapi harus tetap menerapkan protokol kesehatan. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah untuk mencegah dan memutus mata rantai penularan Covid-19 di Masjid Kota Blitar. Metode kegiatan dalam pengabdian ini adalah sosialisasi, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Hasil dari kegiatan adalah terlaksananya kegiatan sosialisasi pencegahan penularan covid-19 di Masjid Kota Blitar dan pemberian masker gratis sebanyak 100 buah kepada jamaah sholat jumat terutama bagi yang jamaah yang tidak menggunakan masker agar kedepannya ketika akan melakukan kegiatan baik kegiatan ibadah maupun lainnya dapat menggunakan masker.
Upaya Penanggulangan Penyebaran Paham Radikalisme pada Santri Blitar
Authors: Soebiantoro Soebiantoro , Anjarwati Sulistyo , Evendi Farkhan
Published: November 2021

Tujuan dilakukannya pengabdian kepada masyarakat melalui sosialisasi upaya penanggulangan paham radikalisme pada santri di Blitar adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan tentang proses pencegahan radikalisme di kalangan santri. Ruang lingkup kegiatan pengabdian meliputi pemberian sosialisasi tentang paham  radikalisme dan terorisme yang mengancam NKRI utamanya para santri.  Kegiatan ini merupakan upaya preventif untuk membentengi para mahasiswa yang menjadi santri di Pondok Pesantren Tarbiyatus Sholihin Kuningan Kanigoro Blitar. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat beberapa hal yang perlu disadari mengenai peyebaran radikalisme yaitu para pegiat dan pendukung gerakan radikalisme selalu berupaya memperbaharui modus penyebarannya. Secara keseluruhan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat melalui sosialisasi upaya penanggulangan penyebaran paham radikalisme pada santri di Pondok Pesantren Tarbiyatus Sholihin berjalan dengan lancar.
Aplikasi Taman Bacaan Masyarakat Berbasis Web pada Lembaga Bimbingan Belajar Teknos Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Purnomo Purnomo , Setiawan Rudy , Yuswanto Yuswanto
Published: November 2021

Seiring dengan perkembangan dunia ilmu pengetahuan dan  teknologi (IPTEK)  yang  semakin pesatkhususnya pada  komputerisasi  dan  internet  maka  perkembangan   teknologi  informasi dengan menggunakan alat bantu komputer dan internet meningkat secara signifikan dalam segala bidang. Taman bacaan masyarakat Lembaga Bimbingan Belajar Teknos dan Kampoeng Sinaoe Kabupaten Sidoarjo  merupakan salah satu Lembaga Bimbingan Belajar  yang mempunyai perpustakaan dengan berbagai jenis buku yang dapat menunjang dunia pendidikan.  Selain kegiatan peminjaman buku yang dilakukan Perpustakaan adapun kegiatan lain yakni berupa pengolahan data buku dan penyebaran informasi mengenai perpustakaan Lembaga  Bimbingan Belajar Teknos dan Kampoeng Sinaoe Kabupaten Sidoarjo tersebut masih bersifat konvensional. Sehingga dalam memberikan informasi kepada para pengguna perpustakaan masih sangat sulit. Hasil programkemitraanmasyarakat  ini adalah Website Perpustakaan Lembaga Bimbingan Belajar Teknos dan Kampoeng Sinaoe Kabupaten Sidoarjo ini memiliki keuntungan sebagai berikut : Dapat diakses menggunakan HP  dari mana saja kapan saja melalui jaringan internet, Sebagai media penyampaian informasi yang lebih efisien, Memiliki level akses yang bertingkat sesuai dengan penggunanya (admin dan user).
Pemberdayaan Kelompok Pra-Produktif Simplisia Herbal Melalui Pembuatan Simplisia Jeruk Lemon untuk Meningkatkan Imunitas Tubuh di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Darmawijaya I Putu , Susanto Putu Chris , Puspaningrum Dylla Hanggaeni
Published: November 2021

Potensi keindahan alam yang dimiliki oleh Desa Catur adalah topografi daerah yang berbukit-bukit dan secara agraris, diapit oleh empat pegunungan yaitu pegunungan Penulisan, Pegunungan Batur, Pengunungan Catur, dan Pegunungan Puncak Mangu. Hasil panen jeruk lemon di Desa Catur yang sangat melimpah menyebabkan harga jual menjadi sangat anjlok sehingga merugikan para petani jeruk lemon. Dengan anjloknya harga jeruk lemon pada musim panen menyebabkan para petani membiarkan jeruk lemon mereka terbuang secara percuma. Penyebabnya adalah kurangnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan warga desa dalam mengolah pasca panen buah jeruk lemon ini. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini diikuti oleh ibu-ibu yang tergabung dalam kelompok Pra-Produktif Simplisia Herbal yang merupakan perkumpulan ibu-ibu PKK  PKK Desa Catur-Kintamani Kabupaten Bangli yang tergabung dalam UP2K (Unit Peningkatan Pendapatan Keluarga). Kegiatan yang dilakukan yaitu Penyuluhan, pelatihan, dan pemasaran. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah ada peningkatan nilai rerata pretest sebesar 20 menjadi nilai postest sebesar 95. Produk simplisia buah jeruk lemon yang dihasilkan ini telah dikemas dan dipasarkan melalui media sosial.
Analisis Peningkatan Kinerja UMKM Kuliner Dastinasi Wisata Melalui Strategi Comparative Advantage dengan pendekatan The House Model
Authors: Ziliwu Grace Esther Kirana , Simanjuntak Mariana
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang model peningkatan kinerja UMKM kuliner destinasi wisata di Kabupaten Toba. Perancangan model peningkatan kinerja UMKM kuliner dapat dijadikan sebagai motivasi pada pelaku UMKM kuliner sehingga UMKM kuliner dapat mempunyai daya saing terhadap kompetitor dalam jangkauan waktu tertentu. Populasi penelitian adalah UMKM kuliner di Kabupaten Toba dengan jumlah sampel 100 responden. Metode yang digunakan adalah The House model dengan menggambarkan permasalahan UMKM dengan fishbone chart dan imperial manajerial dengan force field analysis. Pengolahan data pada penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan software IBM SPSS 23. UMKM Kuliner pada penelitian ini adalah UMKM yang berasal dari 13 kecamatan yang ada di Kabupaten Toba. Wilayah dengan jumlah UMKM terbanyak berasal dari Kota Balige hal ini menunjukkan bahwa destinasi ibukota dengan destinasi wisata terbanyak menjadi pilihan UMKM dalam mendirikan usaha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel permasalahan UMKM kuliner terdiri dari variabel dependen yaitu kinerja pemasaran, variabel specialized marketing capabilities dan variabel independen yaitu comparative advantage Ketiga variabel dapat mempengaruhi peningkatan kinerja UMKM kuliner dalam mencapai visi pada rancangan model the house model.
Uji Efektivitas Minyak Atsiri Jeruk Nipis (Citrus Aurantiifolia) sebagai Larvasida Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti
Authors: Rizkuloh Lina Rahamwati , Bachtiar Kamiel Roesman , Susanti Susanti , Endah Srie Rezeki Nur
Published: November 2021

Berbagai jenis tanaman di Indonesia telah diketahui mengandung senyawa bioaktif yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai biopestisida. Salah satumya adalah penggunaan minyak atsiri jeruk nipis yang mengandung limonoida yang dapat berfungsi sebagai larvasida. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektifitas daya bunuh minyak atsiri jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) terhadap kematian larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah semua larva Aedes aegypti instar III yang berumur 3-4 hari Sampel total yang digunakan pada penelitian ini sebanyak 360 larva, yang di tentukan dengan teknik Purposive Sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh minyak atsiri jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) terhadap kematian larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Diperolah konsentrasi minyak atsiri jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) yang efektif dalam membunuh larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti dalam waktu 24 jam adalah konsentrasi 80 ppm yang merupakan konsentrasi terkecil yang dapat membunuh larva sebanyak 100%. Hasil estimasi LC50 melalui Analisis Probit adalah pada konsentrasi 46 ppm. Sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa konsentrasi efektif minyak atsiri jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) yang dapat membunuh 50% (LC50) dalam mematikan larva instar III nyamuk Aedes aegypti adalah konsentrasi 46 ppm dalam waktu 24 jam.
Analisis Teknik dan Metode Penerjemahan Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahannya versi Kementerian Agama dalam Ayat-ayat Khawatim Al-Suwar
Authors: Andrianto M. Fahri , Nababan M.R. , Farhah Eva
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui teknik penerjemahan serta metode penerjemahan Al-Qur’an dan terjemahannya versi Kementerian Agama RI edisi penyempurnaan 2019 dalam ayat-ayat Khawatim al-Suwar. Untuk mengumpulkan data dilakukan observasi dan FGD. Hasil analisis mengungkapkan bahwa ada 13 teknik penerjemahan yang diterapkan. Teknik yang paling dominan dalam analisis ini adalah teknik kesepadanan lazim karena tidak dapat dipisahkan dari konteksnya. Temuan dari analisis menunjukkan bahwa metode komunikatif adalah metode yang paling berorientasi. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan mengetahui rata-rata total teknik penerjemahan yang digunakan. Metode komunikatif memiliki persentase sebesar 99,88% dari teknik penerjemahan yang digunakan. Kemudian sisanya sebesar 0,12% teknik penerjemahan mencerminkan metode setia.
Impact Assessment of Storm Surge and Climate Change-Enhanced Sea Level Rise on Atoll Nations: A Case Study of the Tarawa Atoll, Kiribati
Authors: Sabūnas Audrius , Miyashita Takuya , Fukui Nobuki , Shimura Tomoya , Mori Nobuhito
Published: November 2021

The Pacific region consists of numerous Small Island Developing States (SIDS), one of the most vulnerable to flooding caused by compound effects of sea level rise (SLR) and storms. Nevertheless, individual studies regarding the impact assessment for SIDS, such as the low-lying Kiribati, remain scarce. This study assessed the impact of climate change-induced storm surge and SLR compounding effects on Tarawa, the most populous atoll of Kiribati, the largest coral atoll nation. It projected the impact using a combined dynamic surge and SLR model based on the IPCC AR5 RCP scenarios and 1/100 and 1/50 years return period storm events. This approach allows estimating the inundation scope and the consecutive exposed population by the end of the 21st century. The results of this study show that the pace of SLR is pivotal for Tarawa, as the sea level rise alone can claim more than 50% of the territory and pose a threat to over 60% of the population under the most intense greenhouse gas emissions scenario. Furthermore, most coasts on the lagoon side are particularly vulnerable. In contrast, the contribution of extreme events is generally minimal due to low wind speeds and the absence of tropical cyclones (TC). Despite this, it is clear the compound effects are critical and may inescapably bring drastic changes to the atoll nations by the end of this century. The impact assessment in this study draws attention to the social impact of climate change on SIDS, most notably atoll islands, and evaluates their adaptation potential.
Comparative Risk of Incident Coronary Heart Disease Across Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Sinha Arjun , Rivera Adovich S. , Chadha Simran A. , Prasada Sameer , Pawlowski Anna E. , Thorp Edward , DeBerge Matthew , Ramsey-Goldman Rosalind , Lee Yvonne C. , Achenbach Chad J. , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Feinstein Matthew J.
Published: November 2021

Background: Chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) are considered risk enhancing factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, sparse data exist regarding relative CHD risks across CIDs.

Objective: Determine relative differences in CHD risk across multiple CIDs: psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: The cohort included patients with CIDs and controls without CID in an urban medical system from 2000 to 2019. Patients with CIDs were frequency-matched with non-CID controls on demographics, hypertension, and diabetes. CHD was defined as myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic heart disease, and/or coronary revascularization based on validated administrative codes. Multivariable-adjusted Cox models were used to determine the risk of incident CHD and MI for each CID relative to non-CID controls. In secondary analyses, we compared CHD risk by disease severity within each CID.

Results: Of 17,049 patients included for analysis, 619 had incident CHD (202 MI) over an average of 4.4 years of follow-up. The multivariable-adjusted risk of CHD was significantly higher for SLE [hazard ratio (HR) 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2, 3.2] and SSc (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2, 3.9). Patients with SLE also had a significantly higher risk of MI (HR 3.6, 95% CI 1.9, 6.8). When CIDs were categorized by markers of disease severity (C-reactive protein for all CIDs except HIV, for which CD4 T cell count was used), greater disease severity was associated with higher CHD risk across CIDs.

Conclusions: Patients with SLE and SSc have a higher risk of CHD. CHD risk with HIV, RA, psoriasis, and IBD may only be elevated in those with greater disease severity. Clinicians should personalize CHD risk and treatment based on type and severity of CID.
Promoting Stress Management and Wellbeing for Teachers, A Pilot Study
Authors: Hepburn Stevie-Jae , Carroll Annemaree , McCuaig Louise
Published: November 2021

Objectives:Investigate the change in perceived stress, mindful attention awareness, subjective wellbeing and coping for pre-service teachers (PSTs) and the impact of a pilot 6-h Complementary Intervention (CI).

Method:Phase One (N = 79) survey at two timepoints. Perceived Stress Scale, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Personal Wellbeing Index and the Brief COPE scale. Phase Two CI pre- and post-program self-report measures (N = 20).

Data analysis:Paired-sample and independent sample t-test.

Results:The paired-samples t-test confirmed that perceived stress levels (p = 0.082) for PSTs remain elevated across the duration of the academic year. There was not a significant change for the MAAS and sub-scales of the Brief COPE. There was a significant decrease in PWI scores (p = 0.04). The participants in the CI experienced a significant decrease in perceived stress (p = 0.004) pre-program (M = 18.6, SD = 7.04) and post-program (M = 15.55, SD = 6.95), effect size (d = 0.48). Increase in mindful attention awareness (p = 0.019), pre-program (M = 3.49, SD = 0.59) and post-program (M = 3.94, SD = 0.85), effect size (d = −0.57).

Conclusion:The findings suggest that perceived stress for PSTs are at above-average levels and a yoga-based CI may provide support for promoting wellbeing and stress management.
Association of Serum Galectin-3-Binding Protein and Metabolic Syndrome in a Chinese Adult Population
Authors: Zhen Shihan , Cai Ruoxin , Yang Xuelian , Ma Yanan , Wen Deliang
Published: November 2021

Background

Galectin-3-binding protein (GAL-3BP) is a ubiquitous and multifunctional secreted glycoprotein, which functions in innate immunity and has been highlighted as a potential mediator of adipose inflammation in obesity. In this study, we aimed to identify whether GAL-3BP is a novel biological marker for metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods

The biochemical and anthropometric variables of the 570 participants in this study were evaluated using standard procedures. Their serum GAL-3BP levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while the association between the glycoprotein and MetS was analyzed using multiple logistic regression analyses. Moreover, an experimental MetS model was established. The expression of GAL-3BP in serum and adipose tissue was measured using ELISA and western blotting. Lipid accumulation was determined with the use of immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescent staining.

Results

The serum GAL-3BP level was found to be positively associated with MetS. The logistic regression analyses demonstrated that participants expressing the upper levels of GAL-3BP were more likely to develop MetS than those expressing less of the glycoprotein (OR = 2.39, 95%CI: 1.49, 3.83). The association between the serum GAL-3BP level and MetS was found preferentially in postmenopausal women (OR = 2.30, 95%CI: 1.31, 4.05). In addition, GAL-3BP was increased in the serum and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of high fat diet (HFD) mice. Moreover, GAL-3BP was highly expressed in VAT macrophages.

Conclusions

This study confirmed serum GAL-3BP to be positively associated with MetS, highlighting it as a useful biological marker of MetS in Chinese participants.
Effect of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Suppression on Muscle Function After Total Thyroidectomy in Patients With Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Lee Jun Choul , Song Byong-Sop , Kang Young Mi , Kim Yu-Ri , Kang Yea Eun , Lee Ju Hee , Shong Minho , Yi Hyon-Seung
Published: November 2021

Context

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression is recommended to reduce tumor recurrence following surgery for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, prolonged subclinical hyperthyroidism caused by levothyroxine treatment has deleterious effects on various organs.

Objective

To evaluate the relationships of TSH concentration with muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance related to sarcopenia in patients with DTC undergoing TSH suppression following surgery.

Methods

We studied 134 patients of >60 years who were undergoing TSH suppression therapy following surgery for DTC. We evaluated muscle mass and muscle function-related parameters and diagnosed sarcopenia using the threshold for Asian people.

Results

The participants were 68.3 ± 7.2 years old and 36/134 (26.9%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. They were allocated to high-TSH and low-TSH groups using a threshold concentration of 0.40 μU/mL, and grip strength was significantly lower in the low-TSH group. The data were further analyzed according to age and sex, and in the low-TSH group, male participants and those of <70 years were found to have significantly lower grip strength.

Conclusions

Low-TSH concentrations is associated with low grip strength, and this is most pronounced in individuals of <70 years of age. Therefore, muscle function should be considered an adverse effect of TSH suppression in patients with DTC who undergo TSH suppression therapy, especially in men of <70 years.
The Hydrolyzed Mil-88B(Fe) With Improved Surface Area for High-Capacity Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Guo Mingxuan , Li Haibo
Published: November 2021

In this work, Mil-88B(Fe) is modified by a facile hydrolysis method for high-performance lithium ion battery (LIB). The hydrolyzed Mil-88B(Fe) [H-Mil-88B(Fe)] heritages the spindle-like shape of Mil-88B(Fe) and forms a porous structure, which possesses relatively high specific surface area (427.86 m2 g−1). It is 15 times higher than that of pristine Mil-88B(Fe). As anode for LIB, it reaches to high specific capacity of 600.1 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1, while it is 312.5 mAh g−1 for pure Mil-88B(Fe). Furthermore, the kinetic analysis on i=avb reveals that the b value of H-Mil-88B(Fe) is 0.888, which suggests the mixed contribution from the diffusion and capacity reactions. Furthermore, the capacitance contribution fractions of H-Mil-88B(Fe) are 47.6%, 53.28%, 56.88%, 74.68%, and 69.14% at the sweep rate of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 mV s−1, respectively, demonstrating a capacitance-dominated charge storage process at fast charging rates.
Basic Predictive Risk Factors for Cytokine Storms in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Shcherbak Sergey G. , Anisenkova Anna Yu , Mosenko Sergei V. , Glotov Oleg S. , Chernov Alexander N. , Apalko Svetlana V. , Urazov Stanislav P. , Garbuzov Evgeny Y. , Khobotnikov Dmitry N. , Klitsenko Olga A. , Minina Evdokia M. , Asaulenko Zakhar P.
Published: November 2021

Objective

A critical role in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis is played by immune dysregulation that leads to a generalized uncontrolled multisystem inflammatory response, caused by overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines, known as “a cytokine storm” (CS), strongly associated with a severe course of disease. The aim of this study is to identify prognostic biomarkers for CS development in COVID-19 patients and integrate them into a prognostic score for CS-associated risk applicable to routine clinical practice.

Materials and Methods

The authors performed a review of 458 medical records from COVID-19 patients (241 men and 217 women aged 60.0 ± 10.0) who received treatment in the St. Petersburg State Budgetary Institution of Healthcare City Hospital 40 (City Hospital 40, St. Petersburg), from Apr. 18, 2020 to Nov. 21, 2020. The patients were split in two groups: one group included 100 patients with moderate disease symptoms; the other group included 358 patients with progressive moderately severe, severe, and extremely severe disease. The National Early Warning Score (NEWS) score was used alongside with clinical assessment, chest computed tomographic (CT) scans, electrocardiography (ECG), and lab tests, like ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and D-dimer.

Results

The basic risk factors for cytokine storms in COVID-19 patients are male gender, age over 40 years, positive test result for replicative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA, absolute lymphocyte count, dynamics in the NEWS score, as well as LDH, D-dimer, ferritin, and IL-6 levels. These clinical and instrumental findings can be also used as laboratory biomarkers for diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of cytokine storms. The suggested prognostic scale (including the NEWS score dynamics; serum IL-6 greater than 23 pg/ml; serum CRP 50 mg/L or greater; absolute lymphocyte count less than 0.72 × 109/L; positive test result for replicative coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) RNA; age 40 years and over) is a useful tool to identify patients at a high risk for cytokine storm, requiring an early onset of anti-inflammatory therapy.
Utilization of Soot and 210 Po-210 Pb Disequilibria to Constrain Particulate Organic Carbon Fluxes in the Northeastern South China Sea
Authors: Yang Weifeng , Zhao Xiufeng , Guo Laodong , Huang Bangqin , Chen Min , Fang Ziming , Zhang Xiao , Qiu Yusheng
Published: November 2021

Black carbon (BC) is believed to be refractory and thus affects the timescale of organic carbon conversion into CO2 and the magnitude of the sink of CO2. However, the fate of BC in the oceans remains poorly understood. Here, 210Po and 210Pb were measured to examine the export of soot in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS). Concentrations of soot decreased from 0.141 ± 0.021 μmol-C L–1 (mean ± SD) in the mixed layer (0–30 m) to 0.087 μmol-C L–1 at the euphotic base (150 m) due to potential photodegradation within the euphotic zone. In the twilight zone, however, the soot showed an increasing pattern along with the total particulate matter and total particulate organic carbon (POC) contents, corresponding to additions from the shelf/slope sediment resuspension through lateral transport. Using the deficits of 210Po, the export flux of soot from the euphotic zone was calculated to be 0.172 ± 0.016 mmol-C m–2 d–1 and increased with depth. Assuming that the soot is entirely refractory below the euphotic zone, the sediment-derived soot fluxes were estimated based on the increase in soot fluxes relative to the base of the euphotic zone, with values varying from 0.149 ± 0.030 to 0.96 ± 0.10 μmol-C L–1. This indicates that sediment resuspension is an important source of soot to the ocean interior in the SCS. Coupling the sediment-derived soot and 210Po-derived POC fluxes gave rise to a Martin Curve-like flux attenuation of local euphotic zone-derived POC in the twilight zone with b value of 0.70 ± 0.01. These results suggest that soot could be useful for constraining in situ POC fluxes and their transport.
Twenty-One Years of Phytoplankton Bloom Phenology in the Barents, Norwegian, and North Seas
Authors: Silva Edson , Counillon François , Brajard Julien , Korosov Anton , Pettersson Lasse H. , Samuelsen Annette , Keenlyside Noel
Published: November 2021

Phytoplankton blooms provide biomass to the marine trophic web, contribute to the carbon removal from the atmosphere and can be deadly when associated with harmful species. This points to the need to understand the phenology of the blooms in the Barents, Norwegian, and North seas. We use satellite chlorophyll-a from 2000 to 2020 to assess robust climatological and the interannual trends of spring and summer blooms onset, peak day, duration and intensity. Further, we also correlate the interannual variability of the blooms with mixed layer depth (MLD), sea surface temperature (SST), wind speed and suspended particulate matter (SPM) retrieved from models and remote sensing. The climatological spring blooms start on March 10th and end on June 19th. The climatological summer blooms begin on July 13th and end on September 17th. In the Barents Sea, years of shallower mixed layer (ML) driven by both calm waters and higher freshwaters input keeps the phytoplankton in the euphotic zone, causing the spring bloom to start earlier and reach higher biomass but end sooner due to the lack of nutrients upwelling from the deep. In the Norwegian Sea, a correlation between SST and the spring blooms is found. Here, warmer waters are correlated to earlier and stronger blooms in most regions but with later and weaker blooms in the eastern Norwegian Sea. In the North Sea, years of shallower ML reduces the phytoplankton sinking below the euphotic zone and limits the SPM increase from the bed shear stress, creating an ideal environment of stratified and clear waters to develop stronger spring blooms. Last, the summer blooms onset, peak day and duration have been rapidly delaying at a rate of 1.25-day year–1, but with inconclusive causes based on the parameters assessed in this study.
Sequestration and Cyanobacterial Diet Preferences in the Opisthobranch Molluscs Dolabrifera nicaraguana and Stylocheilus rickettsi
Authors: Clark Kasey E. , Capper Angela , Liu Wei-Ting , Fenner Amanda M. , Almanza Alejandro , Della Togna Gina , Herrera Liuris , Johns Timothy , Paul Valerie J. , Dorrestein Pieter C. , Capson Todd L. , Balunas Marcy J.
Published: November 2021

A multidisciplinary approach was used to assess chemical ecological dietary interactions between marine organisms as a tool to isolate novel ecologically relevant compounds with biotechnological potential. First, laboratory-based feeding preference assays of the sea hareDolabrifera nicaraguana(previously known asD. dolabrifera), an anaspidean mollusc, were conducted by simultaneously offering six food options collected from nearby tidal pools in the Coiba National Park in the Tropical Eastern Pacific of Panama. An evaluation of preferred dietary repertoire revealedD. nicaraguanasignificantly preferred cf.Lyngbyasp. over the cyanobacteriumSymplocasp., green algaChaetomorphasp., and red algaSpyridiasp. A no-choice feeding assay using cf.Lyngbyasp. or green algaCladophorasp. supported this finding. Secondly, we conducted bioactivity-guided fractionation using the preferred food source ofD. nicaraguana, the ‘hair-like” cf.Lyngbyasp. from which we also isolated and elucidated two new depsipeptide compounds, veraguamide M (1) and veraguamide N (2). Veraguamides M (1) and N (2) showedin vitroactivity toward the malaria-causing parasitePlasmodium falciparumwith GI50values of 4.2 and 4.3 μM, respectively, and therapeutic windows of 7.0–8.0 (based on moderate cytotoxicities to mammalian Vero cells with GI50values of 29.3 and 34.1 μM, respectively). Veraguamide N (2) was also active againstLeishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis, with a GI50value of 6.9 μM. We then evaluated sequestration of these new compounds byD. nicaraguanaused in the feeding assays and found trace amounts of the dietary sequestered compounds. Finally, we evaluated sequestration of these new compounds by the sea hareStylocheilus rickettsi(previously known asS. striatus) that were grazing on the cf.Lyngbyasp. used in the feeding assays and found both to be sequestered. This study is the first example whereby compounds with significant activity against tropical parasites have been found in both the sea hareS. rickettsiand its cyanobacterial food source. These results suggest that chemical ecological studies involving sea hares and cyanobacteria continue to provide a diverse source of bioactive compounds with biotechnological potential.
Serum N-Glycome Diversity in Teleost and Chondrostrean Fishes
Authors: Aoki Kazuhiro , Kumagai Tadahiro , Ranzinger René , Bergmann Carl , Camus Alvin , Tiemeyer Michael
Published: November 2021

Recent advances in carbohydrate chemistry, chemical biology, and mass spectrometric techniques have opened the door to rapid progress in uncovering the function and diversity of glycan structures associated with human health and disease. These strategies can be equally well applied to advance non-human health care research. To date, the glycomes of only a handful of non-human, non-domesticated vertebrates have been analyzed in depth due to the logistic complications associated with obtaining or handling wild-caught or farm-raised specimens. In contrast, the last 2 decades have seen advances in proteomics, glycoproteomics, and glycomics that have significantly advanced efforts to identify human serum/plasma biomarkers for various diseases. In this study, we investigated N-glycan structural diversity in serum harvested from five cultured fish species. This biofluid is a useful starting point for glycomic analysis because it is rich in glycoproteins, can be acquired in a sustainable fashion, and its contents reflect dynamic physiologic changes in the organism. Sera acquired from two chondrostrean fish species, the Atlantic sturgeon and shortnose sturgeon, and three teleost fish species, the Atlantic salmon, Arctic char, and channel catfish, were delipidated by organic extraction and the resulting protein-rich preparations sequentially treated with trypsin and PNGaseF to generate released N-glycans for structural analysis. Released N-glycans were analyzed as their native or permethylated forms by nanospray ionization mass spectrometry in negative or positive mode. While the basic biosynthetic pathway that initiates the production of glycoprotein glycan core structures is well-conserved across the teleost fish species examined in this study, species-specific structural differences were detected across the five organisms in terms of their monosaccharide composition, sialylation pattern, fucosylation, and degree of O-acetylation. Our methods and results provide new contributions to a growing library of datasets describing fish N-glycomes that can eventually establish species-normative baselines for assessing N-glycosylation dynamics associated with pathogen invasion, environmental stress, and fish immunologic responses.
Glucosamine Interferes With Myelopoiesis and Enhances the Immunosuppressive Activity of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
Authors: Lin Eric Chang-Yi , Chen Shuoh-Wen , Chen Luen-Kui , Lin Ting-An , Wu Yu-Xuan , Juan Chi-Chang , Chang Yuan-I
Published: November 2021

Glucosamine (GlcN) is the most widely consumed dietary supplement and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. However, the influence of GlcN on immune cell generation and function is largely unclear. In this study, GlcN was delivered into mice to examine its biological function in hematopoiesis. We found that GlcN promoted the production of immature myeloid cells, known as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, GlcN upregulated the expression of glucose transporter 1 in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), influenced HSPC functions, and downregulated key genes involved in myelopoiesis. Furthermore, GlcN increased the expression of arginase 1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase to produce high levels of reactive oxygen species, which was regulated by the STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathways, to increase the immunosuppressive ability of MDSCs. We revealed a novel role for GlcN in myelopoiesis and MDSC activity involving a potential link between GlcN and immune system, as well as the new therapeutic benefit.
Studies and Application of Sialylated Milk Components on Regulating Neonatal Gut Microbiota and Health
Authors: Wang Yushuang , Ze Xiaolei , Rui Binqi , Li Xinke , Zeng Nina , Yuan Jieli , Li Wenzhe , Yan Jingyu , Li Ming
Published: November 2021

Breast milk is rich in sialic acids (SA), which are commonly combined with milk oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. As a functional nutrient component, SA-containing milk components have received increasing attention in recent years. Sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been demonstrated to promote the growth and metabolism of beneficial gut microbiota in infants, bringing positive outcomes to intestinal health and immune function. They also exhibit antiviral and bacteriostatic activities in the intestinal mucosa of new-borns, thereby inhibiting the adhesion of pathogens to host cells. These properties play a pivotal role in regulating the intestinal microbial ecosystem and preventing the occurrence of neonatal inflammatory diseases. In addition, some recent studies also support the promoting effects of sialylated HMOs on neonatal bone and brain development. In addition to HMOs, sialylated glycoproteins and glycolipids are abundant in milk, and are also critical to neonatal health. This article reviews the current research progress in the regulation of sialylated milk oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates on neonatal gut microbiota and health.
The Importance of Cellular Metabolic Pathways in Pathogenesis and Selective Treatments of Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Soltani Mojdeh , Zhao Yue , Xia Zhijia , Ganjalikhani Hakemi Mazdak , Bazhin Alexandr V.
Published: November 2021

Despite recent advancements in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and the emergence of newer and more sophisticated therapeutic approaches such as immunotherapy, long-term overall survival remains unsatisfactory. Metabolic alteration, as an important hallmark of cancer cells, not only contributes to the malignant transformation of cells, but also promotes tumor progression and metastasis. As an immune-escape mechanism, the metabolic adaptation of the bone marrow microenvironment and leukemic cells is a major player in the suppression of anti-leukemia immune responses. Therefore, metabolic rewiring in leukemia would provide promising opportunities for newer therapeutic interventions. Several therapeutic agents which affect essential bioenergetic pathways in cancer cells including glycolysis, β-oxidation of fatty acids and Krebs cycle, or anabolic pathways such as lipid biosynthesis and pentose phosphate pathway, are being tested in various types of cancers. So far, numerous preclinical or clinical trial studies using such metabolic agents alone or in combination with other remedies such as immunotherapy are in progress and have demonstrated promising outcomes. In this review, we aim to argue the importance of metabolic alterations and bioenergetic pathways in different types of leukemia and their vital roles in disease development. Designing treatments based on targeting leukemic cells vulnerabilities, particularly in nonresponsive leukemia patients, should be warranted.
An Ethanolic Extract of Cucurbita pepo L. Seeds Modifies Neuroendocrine Disruption in Chronic Stressed Rats and Adrenal Expression of Inflammatory Markers and HSP70
Authors: Almohaimeed Hailah M. , Hamed Shereen , Seleem Hanan S. , Batawi Ashwaq H. , Mohammedsaleh Zuhair M. , Balgoon Maha Jameal , Ali Soad S. , Al Jaouni Soad , Ayuob Nasra
Published: November 2021

Background: Pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo L.) were described to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fatigue, and antidepressant-like effect. The adrenal gland is an important stress-responsive organ that maintains homeostasis during stress.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the administration of Cucurbita pepo L. (CP) extract in relieving behavioral, biochemical, and structural changes in the adrenal gland induced by exposure to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and to explore the mechanism behind this impact.

Materials and Methods: Forty male albino rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 10): control, CUMS, fluoxetine-treated, and CP-treated groups. Behavioral changes, corticosterone level, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and oxidant/antioxidant profile were assessed in the serum at the end of the experiment. Adrenal glands were processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical assessment. Gene expression of caspase-3 and Ki67 and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were assessed in adrenal glands using RT-PCR.

Results: The CP extract significantly reduced the corticosterone level (p < 0.001), immobility time (p < 0.001), and inflammatory and oxidative changes associated with CUMS-induced depression compared to the untreated group. The CP extract alleviated CUMS-induced adrenal histopathological changes and significantly reduced apoptosis (p < 0.001) and significantly upregulated antioxidant levels in the serum.

Conclusion:Cucurbita pepo L. effectively ameliorated the chronic stress-induced behavioral, biochemical, and adrenal structural changes mostly through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
Blood Nanoparticles – Influence on Extracellular Vesicle Isolation and Characterization
Authors: Holcar Marija , Kandušer Maša , Lenassi Metka
Published: November 2021

Blood is a rich source of disease biomarkers, which include extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are nanometer-to micrometer-sized spherical particles that are enclosed by a phospholipid bilayer and are secreted by most cell types. EVs reflect the physiological cell of origin in terms of their molecular composition and biophysical characteristics, and they accumulate in blood even when released from remote organs or tissues, while protecting their cargo from degradation. The molecular components (e.g., proteins, miRNAs) and biophysical characteristics (e.g., size, concentration) of blood EVs have been studied as biomarkers of cancers and neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and cardiovascular diseases. However, most biomarker studies do not address the problem of contaminants in EV isolates from blood plasma, and how these might affect downstream EV analysis. Indeed, nonphysiological EVs, protein aggregates, lipoproteins and viruses share many molecular and/or biophysical characteristics with EVs, and can therefore co-isolate with EVs from blood plasma. Consequently, isolation and downstream analysis of EVs from blood plasma remain a unique challenge, with important impacts on the outcomes of biomarker studies. To help improve rigor, reproducibility, and reliability of EV biomarker studies, we describe here the major contaminants of EV isolates from blood plasma, and we report on how different EV isolation methods affect their levels, and how contaminants that remain can affect the interpretation of downstream EV analysis.
Molecular Mapping and Analysis of an Excellent Quantitative Trait Loci Conferring Adult-Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust in Chinese Wheat Landrace Gaoxianguangtoumai
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Liang Fengying , Guan Fangnian , Yao Fangjie , Long Li , Zhao Xuyang , Duan Luyao , Wu Yu , Li Hao , Li Wei , Jiang Qiantao , Wei Yuming , Ma Jian , Qi Pengfei , Deng Mei , Zheng Youliang , Kang Houyang , Jiang Yunfeng , Chen Guoyue
Published: November 2021

The Chinese wheat landrace “Gaoxianguangtoumai” (GX) has exhibited a high level of adult-plant resistance (APR) to stripe rust in the field for more than a decade. To reveal the genetic background for APR to stripe rust in GX, a set of 249 F6:8 (F6, F7, and F8) recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from a cross between GX and the susceptible cultivar “Taichung 29.” The parents and RILs were evaluated for disease severity at the adult-plant stage in the field by artificial inoculation with the currently predominant Chinese Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici races during three cropping seasons and genotyped using the Wheat 55K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to construct a genetic map with 1,871 SNP markers finally. Two stable APR quantitative trait loci (QTL), QYr.GX-2AS and QYr.GX-7DS in GX, were detected on chromosomes 2AS and 7DS, which explained 15.5–27.0% and 11.5–13.5% of the total phenotypic variation, respectively. Compared with published Yr genes and QTL, QYr.GX-7DS and Yr18 may be the same, whereas QYr.GX-2AS is likely to be novel. Haplotype analysis revealed that QYr.GX-2AS is likely to be rare which presents in 5.3% of the 325 surveyed Chinese wheat landraces. By analyzing a heterogeneous inbred family (HIF) population from a residual heterozygous plant in an F8 generation of RIL, QYr.GX-2AS was further flanked by KP2A_36.85 and KP2A_38.22 with a physical distance of about 1.37Mb and co-segregated with the KP2A_37.09. Furthermore, three tightly linked Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers were highly polymorphic among 109 Chinese wheat cultivars. The results of this study can be used in wheat breeding for improving resistance to stripe rust.
The Dimensions of Transformational Leadership and Its Organizational Effects in Public Universities in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Saad Alessa Ghuzayyil
Published: November 2021

Organizations are dynamic entities, such that they are constantly developing and changing. As such, these entities require leadership capable of managing transformations. Transformational leadership is an effective leadership model that focuses on adapting to existing environmental circumstances whether through internal information, human and monetary resources, or different external variables. This study aims to highlight the characteristics of transformational leadership and their effects on the public universities in Saudi particularly, this study enlightens the urgent need to test the behavioral intentions in the public universities in Saudi Arabia. To achieve this goal, many major databases were used. The period of the study was set from 2011 to 2020 as the topic of the study is the current transformational leadership within the public universities in Saudi Arabia. There was a total of 47,400,000 studies on transformational leadership on Google, however, only 22 studies were reviewed which were entirely conducted in Saudi Arabian Universities. The results demonstrated that in the public universities in Saudi, transformational leadership is practiced across four dimensions: ideal effect, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration. The documentary research approach was used to review the most recent aspects of administrative literature on the theory of transformational leadership and its organizational outcomes. In addition, NVIVO 11 was used to make a thematic analysis of the linkages between transformational leadership and organizational outcomes: organizational commitment, knowledge management practices, morale, employee empowerment, level of job satisfaction, administrative creativity, organizational citizenship behavior, and the level of transformation toward quality and job enrichment. Therefore, behavioral tendencies such as organizational commitment, empowerment, job satisfaction, and knowledge management practices have been studied more interestingly and critically. Furthermore, these behavioral aspects need to be explored more in public universities in Saudi Arabia.
The Past, Present, and Future: A Discussion of Cadaver Use in Medical and Veterinary Education
Authors: Varner Caitlin , Dixon Lucinda , Simons Micha C.
Published: November 2021

Cadaver usage in medical training, although controversial, has persisted over centuries. In veterinary education various methods have been proposed to either improve cadaver preservation, reduce cadaver use, or to replace cadavers entirely, but to date few have gained popularity. This manuscript seeks to: (i) describe the history of cadavers in medical and veterinary education; (ii) compare available cadaveric preservation methods; (iii) reflect on applications of cadaver use in the educational setting; (iv) discuss alternatives to traditional cadaver use; and (v) consider the perceptions of the stakeholders who use them.