bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on activation of coal gangue and preparation of cementing materials
Authors: Wang Guangliang , He Xingmei , Yang Youliang , Xiong Mingzhou , Ji Yonghua , Qin Bingke
Published: September 2024

The production of coal gangue in China is constantly increasing, and it has become a large amount of solid waste. Open-air storage not only leads to a waste of land resources but also the harmful elements in coal gangue can cause pollution to the environment. This article studies the use of activated coal gangue in the preparation of cementitious materials. The research results show that the optimal activation conditions are an activation temperature of 650°C and an activation time of 120 minutes. When the amount of coal gangue mixed under these activation conditions is 25%, the cementitious material prepared has the maximum flexural and compressive strengths at 3d, 7d, and 28d.
Synthesis of amino silicone oil for use in oil agent in carbon fiber
Authors: Wang Junsha , Huang Xianwen , Zhang Cheng
Published: September 2024

An oil with uniform particle size distribution, good heat storage, and good wettability for carbon fiber was prepared. In other words, by mixing with non-ionic emulsifiers E1303 and E1309, the most suitable synthesis temperature, solid content, and the proportion of silicone oil emulsifiers were explored by using the control variable method. The results show that carbon fiber oil with uniform particle size distribution and good heat-resistant storage can be obtained when the synthesis temperature is 50°C, the solid content is 20% and the emulsifier ratio is 1:3. The particle size of the carbon fiber oil is 200 nm, the particle size distribution index is less than 0.3, and the particle size distribution is uniform.
Effect of thermal deformation on the microstructure and tensile property of the TiZrAl medium entropy alloy
Authors: Guo Rong , Cui Jiaxiang , Dou Bang , Zhao Qian , Sun Shihai , Wang Liang , Xue Yunfei
Published: September 2024

Light high/medium entropy alloys with HCP structure are getting attention because of their high strength and good work hardening ability. However, low ductility is an urgent problem to be solved in them. In this paper, a lightweight medium entropy alloy TiZrAl with an HCP structure was used as the model alloy. The layered structure was transformed into a spherical structure through a thermal deformation process, which made the tensile strength up to 918 MPa, plasticity up to 19.36%, and showed good work hardening ability. This study provides a useful reference for the development of lightweight medium entropy alloys with high performance.
Study on the effect of heat treatments on microstructure and mechanical properties of nano SiC reinforced AlSi7Mg alloy
Authors: Zou Tianchun , Song Zhe , Chen Minying
Published: September 2024

This paper investigated the influence of heat treatment on the microstructure evolution and mechanical performance of nano SiC-enhanced AlSi7Mg alloy fabricated using the laser powder bed fusion technique. After heat treatment, the grain size of the specimen increases significantly, the reticular structure is gradually broken, and Si is gradually precipitated after annealing. With increasing annealing temperature, elongation increases, while the yield strength decreases. After solution-aging heat treatment, the grain distribution is more uniform, the grain size increases slightly, and larger-sized Si and Mg2Si particles precipitate. As the solution temperature increases, the yield strength and the tensile strength of the samples show an increase followed by a decrease, while the trend of elongation is opposite. Both heat treatments exhibit ductile fracture as the predominant damage mode.
Analysis of electrothermal damage in a radome exposed to electromagnetic radiation
Authors: Gui Zhongxiang , Xia Ruoxuan , Wei Shengwen
Published: September 2024

After nearly 9 months of electromagnetic irradiation with a power density of 10 W/cm2, the unit blocks of an A-sandwich radome in the electromagnetic beam scanning area experienced electrothermal damage. Both the inner skin and core layer foam of the A-sandwich unit blocks in that area present different levels of damage. The inner skin is wrinkled and cracked, and the core layer foam is locally charred, carbonized, and ablated. The temperature images recorded through the infrared thermal beam method show that the temperature distribution of the unit blocks in the beam irradiation area is abnormal and strongly related to the discontinuous structure distribution of the core foam and resin. The non-uniformity of core material is the main cause of the electrothermal damage to unit blocks. By process improvements, the shaping of the polyurethane foam core layer is changed from cutting, resin bonding, and splicing to one-step foaming without resin binder, and the continuity of the core layer material is ensured. The usage results of unit blocks made by the new process show that the temperature field distribution is uniform, with a maximum temperature of only 31.3°C, which is 71.62% lower than the maximum temperature of 110.3°C in the damaged block.
Investigation of high field breakdown characteristics in CNTFETs
Authors: Zeng Weihao , Zhou Zijie
Published: September 2024

The enhancement of stability in carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFETs) is crucial for mitigating high field failures, thereby influencing device reliability through modifications in channel dimensions (W and L), as well as the incorporation of dielectric layers and gate metals during fabrication. The present study demonstrates the correlation between device withstand voltage and channel size, as well as the impact of gate oxide layer and gate metal introduction on device reliability. The findings reveal that both the breakdown voltage and breakdown current of the device are influenced by W, while only the breakdown voltage is affected by L. Furthermore, a gradual decrease in device robustness is observed with continuous integration of the dielectric layer and gate metal. The increase in device index simultaneously leads to an effective augmentation of the device failure current. These results provide valuable insights and guidance for optimizing the structural design of devices.
Low cycle fatigue behavior and failure mechanism of 34CrNiMo6 steel used as connecting rod for diesel engine
Authors: Wang Zengquan , Zhao Guangshuo , Jing Guoxi , Zhang Liqiang , Hou Yexing , Pang Jianchao
Published: September 2024

In this paper, for the 34CrNiMo6 steel material used in diesel engine connecting rods, the low-cycle fatigue properties and failure mechanism were studied. The metallographic structure of 34CrNiMo6 has been investigated by using optical microscopes, scanning electron microscopes, and transmission electron microscopes. Tensile tests and low-cycle fatigue experiments were performed at different levels of strain amplitudes, and the microstructural changes were monitored. The examination indicates that the structure of 34CrNiMo6 steel consisted primarily of a ferrite base and small spherical and rod-shaped carbides, with a mean particle size measuring 2 μm. It had exceptional mechanical characteristics of high strength and moderate plasticity. The total strain amplitude (TSA) of 34CrNiMo6 steel affected the cycling behavior, which was stable at low TSA (0.2% ~ 0.3%). At high TSA (0.4% ~ 0.7%), a large number of dislocations were annihilated through the dynamic recovery process, showing a typical cyclic softening phenomenon. The low-cycle fatigue failure behavior was mainly a combined mode of quasi-cleavage fracture and cross-grain fracture.
Research on reconfigurable systems in discrete manufacturing workshops
Authors: He Hai , Zhou Jian , Hu Wenqiang , Wang Yuhui
Published: September 2024

With the development of smart manufacturing, the demand for personalized production has made reconfigurable systems in the manufacturing industry a focal point of research and application in high-end manufacturing. The paper analyzes the current status of the manufacturing industry and the challenges of reconfigurable technology. Furthermore, it designs and develops a reconfigurable system for discrete manufacturing of automotive components. The paper focuses on issues such as creating reconfigurable models, designing adaptive reconfiguration algorithms, accomplishing the creation of multi-layered models, the design of rule libraries, and algorithm implementation. The reconfiguration result scheme can be input into commercial software for performance simulation, and can directly integrate with production systems to complete production planning. This demonstrates the rationality of the reconfigurable models in the system, the correctness of the reconfiguration algorithms, and the effectiveness of the system, providing a theoretical basis for reconfigurable production lines.
Effect of laser scanning frequency on the optical transmittance of the welded area in glass laser welding
Authors: Zhou Tianfeng , Li Ziwei , Liu Peng , Zeng Zihao , Li Peihuan , Zhou Zhikang
Published: September 2024

When conventionally laser-welding transparent materials such as glass, researchers often primarily focus on the material’s joint strength, paying scant attention to variations in optical transmittance within the welding zone. However, in fields like biomedical applications, optical characteristics are also pivotal in characterizing the efficacy of welding. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between scanning frequency and optical transmittance during laser welding. The findings indicate that a laser single pulse energy of 14.73 μJ, a repetition frequency of 500 kHz, a scanning speed of 600 mm/s, and an optimal scanning frequency of 45 times yielded the highest optical transmittance in the welding area. This resulted in a 13% increase in transmittance compared to stacking two glass pieces.
Analysis and optimal design of forging preforming for I-shaped forgings
Authors: Huang Lili , Zhong Qingyun
Published: September 2024

The optimal design of forging preforming is the key to improving forging quality and productivity. Taking an I-shaped forging as a research object, an approach to optimize two-dimensional preform shape is employed. The mathematical model of multi-objective optimization in forging forming simulation is established, and the forming load and die wear are used as the objective functions to optimize the design. Two forms of straight line and circular arc are designed for the shape of the deformation area of the preforming die. With the aid of the finite element simulation software, the process of preforming and finishing forging by using the preformed die with different design variables and different parameters is simulated. Simulation results show that the best optimization results can be achieved when the linear angle is 53.5° and the circular arc radius is 66 mm. After optimization, the load drops by about 36 percent by adopting the circular arc shape, and by about 76 percent by adopting the straight-line shape. The die wear depth decreases and the wear zones become more balanced after optimization. Numerical results prove that this approach is effective in designing the optimal preform shape in forging.
Application of optical homogeneity detection technology in glass quality control based on visual inspection technology
Authors: Lun Xiaoyu , Wang Hui
Published: September 2024

Glass is an advanced material with a wide range of applications. Improving the quality of glass products supports and promotes various industries. This paper discusses the streaks affecting the quality of glass products and focuses on implementing optical homogeneity detection technology for glass. Based on the relationship between optical homogeneity and mechanical properties, this detection technology analyzes the causes of streaks in the production process of glass products and deduces the causes for the streak characteristics through the discussion of the working principle of the homogeneity detection technology, the detection device, the detection steps and the use of technology. In this study, visual inspection technology is introduced into the optical homogeneity inspection technology instead of the traditional manual inspection method, which can make the inspection results faster and more accurate and can find a quick and effective solution to the streaks.
Evaluating the potential of green hydrogen, ammonia and urea in Lao PDR energy transitions.
Authors: Ward John , Smajgl Alex , Phongsavath Anousak , Milattanapheng Chanto
Published: September 2024

We report the results of a systematic evaluation of the redeployment of surplus hydropower electricity to produce green hydrogen (H2), ammonia (NH3) and urea (CH4N2O) in Lao PDR. Participatory system mapping (PSM) workshops convened across multiple Lao PDR ministries revealed both direct and indirect opportunities and risks as probable consequences of green H2, NH3 and urea production. Participants debated and prioritized green urea fertilizer to replace “grey” imports; coal co-firing; and fuel cells as the products that contribute to the opportunities and manage the risks identified by the PSM process. Techno-economic modelling indicates the levelized cost of urea (US$467/tonne) is competitive with Thai imports, associated with opportunities for trading carbon offsets. Carbon credits were not sufficient to offset the additional co-firing costs of coal generation, and fuel cells are a likely future enterprise. A targeted capacity building and training program was a central pillar of a systems-based dissemination strategy to develop necessary technical and planning skills and community and awareness raising. The collated research results represent an integrated foundation to draft the Lao PDR National green H2 and NH3 road map and action plan, and a cross-sectoral revision of energy transition development plans.
Investigating the Consequence s of Energy Transitions in Protracted Displacement Settings: Solid Fuel Dependency and IDPs’ Readiness
Authors: Pranindita Nadiya , Rizki Fahroji Fahmi , Clancy Joy , Rianawati Elisabeth
Published: September 2024

Looking beyond cooking energy provision in humanitarian response, interventions define the course of the internally displaced people’s (IDPs) livelihood. Energy transition in displacement settings often puts the bar high as the outputs are aimed to provide full use of low emission, healthy, clean cooking energy sources. By gathering data from protracted temporary settlements inhabited since 2012 by those affected by the Mount Sinabung eruption in Karo Regency, Indonesia, the purpose of this study is to look into how Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) are switching to greener energy sources for cooking. A framework for determining energy choice at the household size was employed to depict the overview of energy use in cooking, taking into account the effects of the transition. The case of Sinabung displacement offered a perspective of the prolonged IDPs on humanitarian energy interventions and the national ecosystem toward clean energy behaviour. Even though Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) penetration is subsidized, a protracted displacement situation in Sinabung still reveals solid fuel dependencies. The LPG subsidy program, which was poorly planned, and the lack of readiness of IDPs to purchase and use new alternative cooking energy were the biggest obstacles to the overall transition process and caused the fuel stacking phenomenon to persist.
Enabling Sustainable Energy Communities in ASEAN: A Systematic Approach to P2P Energy Transactions on Matakus Island Using IoT and Blockchain
Authors: Brillian Tangka Emmanuel , Suwandi Albertus
Published: September 2024

This paper addresses the need for energy diversification and sustainable development in the ASEAN region by proposing a decentralized peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading system. PowerChain, a peer-to-peer energy trading platform, is tailored as the designated medium for implementation. PowerChain harnesses the capabilities of blockchain technology and utilizes MQTT and HTTP protocols to ensure security, transparency, and user-IoT interaction. A case study was conducted on Matakus Island, a rural area in Indonesia with high solar power generation potential and a suitable demographic for the study. Currently reliant on diesel-based power generation, the island serves as an ideal location to evaluate the feasibility and benefits of transitioning to a RE-based P2P energy trading system. Based on simulations using 2 types of load and generation from peer providers, it was found that unused energy for type 1 was 815.9 kWh/year and for type 2 was 821.05 kWh/year. So the total unused energy from 10 peer providers on Matakus Island that can be transacted on the Powerchain platform is 1,636.95 kWh/year. This energy can meet the needs of Matakus Island for 93.7 days.In the platform simulation, three experiments were carried out, namely, single type transactions, multiple type transactions, and rejection of energy requests. From these three experiments, Powerchain was able to perform well, where the seller was successfully selected based on the closest distance, and if the closest selection could not be fulfilled, the seller would come from several nearby buyers. And when a selected peer is rejected, the existing algorithm can search for and select a replacement peer.The integrated approach presented in this study demonstrates the viability of using IoT and blockchain technologies to transform the energy market structure and accelerate the transition towards cleaner and more efficient energy systems in ASEAN.
Used Cooking Oil Methyl Esther (UCOME) Production on a Pilot Scale in Bali Island, Indonesia, and Its Utilization as a Component Blending for Bio-Marine Fuel Oil
Authors: Fitriani R , Fitriani I N , Putri N , Amalia W C , Surjosatyo A
Published: September 2024

Indonesia aims to achieve a New & Renewable Energy mix of 23% by 2025, so it is necessary to have policies related to the use of complementary feedstocks in the biofuel development program in Indonesia. Used Cooking Oil (UCO) is a domestic waste with the potential to be utilized as a complementary feedstock due to its abundant availability and almost zero carbon emission. However, to assess the sustainability of UCO utilization, especially as a component blending for Bio-Marine Fuel Oil, it is necessary to identify UCO characteristics and quality of its product, called as UCOME, also the production cost impact. The 10,000 liters of UCO used as feed in the pilot-scale UCOME production came from the household sector and HoReCa (Hotels, Restaurants, and Cafes). It was found that UCO had water content and %FFA ranging from 1421.03 - 1666.74 ppm and 1.7 - 15.9%. Furthermore, the UCOME produced has characteristics that comply with the standard of Marine Fuel Oil (MFO) ISO 8217 and SNI 7182 and has a price in the range of Rp.17,000 - 18,000. The results revealed that the UCO has the potential to be a feedstock for producing UCOME as a blending component for Bio-Marine Fuel Oil.
Simulation of Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic for Tourist Accommodation Villa as a Mean to Promote Green Tourism in Bali – Indonesia
Authors: Putu Abiyasa Agus , Gusti Ngurah Nyoman Wismantara I , Wayan Suriana I , Wayan Sukadana I , Nyoman Gede Adrama I , Cipta Indrashwara Decky , Humaswara Prathama Gede
Published: September 2024

Indonesian government renewable energy mix can be accelerated if tourism industry also contributes to the generation of green electricity such as rooftop solar PV, especially for Bali Province as the world tourist destination with thousands of accommodations spread across the Bali island. In this research, the feasibility analysis to implement rooftop solar PV in Sanctoo Suite and Villa located in Gianyar Regency, Bali Province was carried out using Helioscope software simulation. The design was aimed to maximizing the benefit of free rooftop space with financial investment cost of installation. It was determined to reduce electricity bill of 345 kVA load capacity of the villa operation. Based on the simulation, the rooftop solar capacity of 69.3 kWp was available. Furthermore, the energy output generated by the rooftop solar PV annually was around 106.4 MWh. From financial analysis, the monthly electricity bill saving achieved was on average around 12 %. Further calculation on NPV and IRR shows positive value for feasible investment. It was estimated that the payback period for the investment will be around 18 years. These results showed that installation of rooftop solar PV for tourist accommodation is feasible and will promote green tourism for the industry in Bali.
Climate-resilience Readiness of Emerging Clean Energy Technologies for India’s Energy Transition: A Deep Dive into Select Technologies
Authors: Bansal Manasvi
Published: September 2024

Sustainability and decarbonization need to be a central component of economic development in the backdrop of climate change, mandates and stakeholder pressures. Climate-resilient infrastructure can significantly contribute to this sustainable and clean development. As energy lies at the heart of decarbonization, this study focuses on one of the critical infrastructures, power sector, and examines the climate-resilience readiness of select clean technologies in light of India’s decarbonization challenge. Battery Energy Storage System (BESS); offshore wind and green hydrogen are studied based on secondary data, incorporating an exploratory and descriptive research design, while using the logic of deduction. Research sets out the barriers faced by India’s power sector in climate-resiliency transition, identifies indicators for measuring climate-resilience and assesses select technologies for their climate-resilience readiness for India’s energy transition. Barriers fall under 5 key categories – technical, monetary, governance, data and social. Indicators for resilience measurement encompass themes of reliability, robustness and resourcefulness. Resilience assessment reveals that BESS, offshore wind and green hydrogen are climate-resilient technologies, albeit, not without gaps which demand policy interventions. Although climate-resilience readiness of clean energy technologies will be of significance, 4 levers of energy transition will hold equal value – policy and regulations, technology, sustainable financing and ESG considerations.
Vehicle To Building (V2b) Peak Load Shaving and Tariff Analysis
Authors: Hj Osman Muhamad Suhaimi , Wai Shin Ho , Diyanah Nizamuddin Arfah , Ab Muis Zarina , Keng Yinn Wong , Huiyi Tan
Published: September 2024

Commercial buildings are essentially important energy consumers for national electricity grid provider as it’s owned by businesses owners that directly keep up the national gross domestic product (GDP). Soaring load demand from commercial buildings usually occurs within few hours on peak business hour. Electricity grid infrastructure designed to support maximum demand of the system but underutilize most of the time outside the peak session. Growing number of EV penetration in local market can serve as mobile energy storage for Vehicle to Building (V2B) energy integration thus enable peak load shaving to minimize maximum demand during peak period. This study presents a feasible methodology approach on determining the suitable V2B tariff on several peak load shaving scenarios to provide attractive return to building owner and discounted off-peak tariff to accommodate lower EV owner’s charging cost. By having the combination of attractive V2B and off-peak tariff that benefits both sides, subsequently increase EV penetration for V2B. It may also charm EV markets as it minimizes the total cost of EV ownership and reduce maximum demand from electricity grid. Hence it reduces the transportation CO2 emissions and contribution toward optimization of grid network electrical infrastructure of transmission and distribution systems design with lower maximum design system requirement.
Leading the Transition from Halogen Refrigerants to Natural Refrigerants in Indonesia (Pertamina Plaju Refinery as a Pioneer)
Authors: Sungkar Faraj , Krisna Prabatha Daniswara , Prasetyo Andrie
Published: September 2024

Climate change has become a worldwide concern, prompting Indonesia to take ambitious actions to reduce emissions and control rising temperatures. The rapid growth of the Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (RAC) industry in Indonesia has led to higher greenhouse gas emissions. To tackle these environmental challenges, Pertamina Plaju Refinery is manufacturing natural refrigerants, specifically Musicool (Propane) and Breezone (Propylene), providing sustainable replacements for R-22 and R-32. Pertamina Plaju Refinery has made several process modifications and optimizations to support the production of Musicool and Breezone in the Alkylation and Purification Units. These modifications involve optimizing operating conditions and implementing necessary infrastructure changes. In general, Pertamina’s natural refrigerants consume 20-30% less energy than halogen refrigerants while offering similar cooling capacity to R-22 and R-32. Propane and Propylene-based refrigerants have the lowest impact on global warming and are eco-friendly due to their easy degradation process. Musicool and Breezone, having an ODP of 0.0, with maximum GWP of 3.3, indicating minimal contribution to ozone depletion. Pertamina’s efforts to engage and reach potential customers on these natural refrigerants, involve collaborative efforts among various organizations, including with all District Office Plaju, South Sumatra.
Implementation of Green Behavior in Educational Building Through Human-based Retrofits Based on Agent-Based Modeling (ABM)
Authors: Khairunnisa G , Dewi O C , Alkadri M F
Published: September 2024

This research evaluates the probability in conducting green behaviour in education facility through human-based retrofits. The research involves the role of users who control over the Air Conditioning (AC) system in influencing environmentally friendly behavior. Engineering Center (EC), six stories building in faculty of engineering, Universitas Indonesia was chosen as case study due to the high number of users involved in conducting daily activities. The relationship between knowledge, intention, and implementation possessed by individuals or groups within a specific area, and their influence on the environmentally friendly behavior of other building users are employed. The method questionnaire survey used included items related to the participants’ floor usage, knowledge about green behavior, intentions toward green behavior, and ability of AC control in educational buildings. NetLogo software, one of Agent-Based Modeling (ABM), was utilized to process and model the data gathered from the questionnaires. The software programmed the influence of agents who implement green behavior after the agents influenced by the green behavior of the whole building user. The result of random probability programming shows that third floor has the highest probability (74% - 87%). Overall, the program shows that bigger dimension of floor plan create bigger number of probability. The information obtained by building users influences individuals’ decision-making process in implementing green behavior. The outcomes of this research contributes to the understanding of green behavior promotion and the development of enhanced sustainable practices in educational buildings. This study recommends to explore the influence of the room function as further research.
Green Building Certification in Educational Facility
Authors: Rahmasari K , Dewi O C , Putra N , Salsabila N D , Danusastro Y
Published: September 2024

This study evaluates energy saving in campus facilities toward green building certification by evaluating existing energy consumption, water consumption, and material usage. It supports the green building movement primarily from the education sector to respond to government regulations. The assessment was conducted through EDGE-App, an open-access building performance software developed by IFC, in the Integrated Creative Education Learning Laboratory (i–CELL) Building. EDGE-App calculates the energy savings in the building by comparing the difference between EDGE’s base case and the i-CELL building as the improved case. The variables calculated in this research are energy consumption, water conservation, and material recovery. This building performs 70% energy savings, 42% water savings, and 48% less embodied energy in materials—thus, it was granted an EDGE Advanced Green Building Certification. Furthermore, this study can inform engineers, designers, developers, and other parties about saving energy and optimizing water and recyclable materials in campus facilities.
Design of Energy Storage System through Bus Energy Storage Cascade Analysis (BESCA)
Authors: Keng Lim Lek , Ab Muis Zarina , Hashim Haslenda , Shin Ho Wai
Published: September 2024

This study improvised the Electricity System Cascading Analysis (ESCA) into the Bus Energy Storage Cascading Analysis (BESCA) then the method is applied in the electric bus transportation system. The BESCA applies pinch analysis methods to determine the minimum energy storage based on the current bus timetable and charging system. The increased charging load can also be moved to a non-operational period using BESCA. The minimum battery capacity can be determined more easily using the BESCA approach, the results of which are displayed graphically in the graph. The method was then used to study the effect of charger rate and the bus schedule on the electric bus battery capacity. The bus system’s application of BESCA shows that an electric bus with a minimum power requirement of 57.48 kWh and a 72 kW charging pole is needed.
Building a robust international carbon crediting framework: insights from Indonesia’s Joint Crediting Mechanism
Authors: Hana Mahsunah Dima , Kencana Adjani Wulan
Published: September 2024

This research explores the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) implementation and effectiveness in Indonesia, a program adopted by Japan for carbon emissions reduction and climate change mitigation. Using a quantitative case study methodology, we combine primary and secondary resources to gain insights into the mechanism’s impact on low-carbon development. Findings reveal challenges in government commitment to green energy promotion and financial losses in the solar power sector. Future agreements must consider past implementation and develop a clear framework for Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes (ITMOs) to yield mutual benefits. The JCM has implemented 50 industrial projects in Indonesia, primarily in renewable energy and energy efficiency sectors. It stands out as a leading pilot mechanism under Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement and has reached full implementation, involving the collaboration of host and partner countries in line with international standards. Various funding models support JCM projects, but while some achieve impressive emissions reductions, the overall impact on Indonesia’s emissions remains relatively modest, emphasizing the need for more comprehensive strategies at the national level. The paper also compares the JCM with other carbon crediting mechanisms, highlighting differences and similarities. Challenges in constructing international carbon crediting mechanisms in Indonesia are discussed, and lessons learned from the JCM are outlined, offering valuable insights for the development of a global carbon crediting framework.
Microstructural and mechanical characteristics of alkali-activated green concrete using slag from electric arc furnaces as precursor and aggregate
Authors: Elfwal Mostafa S , El-Ashkar Nabil H , Nagy Nabil M , Shalan Ali H
Published: September 2024

Alkali-activated materials (AAM) have gained popularity in research because of their lower carbon dioxide emissions than Portland cement. Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) exceeds landfills. Moreover, electric arc furnaces emit less CO2 than oxygen-blast furnaces. This research is the first to suggest that mixing EAFS and metakaolin (MK) as AAM precursors could compensate for the deficiency of SiO2 and Al2O3 in the EAFS and CaO in the MK, which would produce better AAM properties than using either of them singularly. Furthermore, the utilization of EAFS aggregate instead of natural aggregate in alkali-activated concrete (AAC) reduces waste materials, consumes fewer natural resources, and solves the problem of natural aggregate scarcity. This study’s main objectives were to evaluate the effects of varying ratios of EAFS and MK as precursors and EAFS aggregate to natural aggregate ratios on the AAC’s fresh and hardened properties. The properties under consideration are workability and cube compressive strength. The outcomes showed that increasing EAFS with decreasing MK content increased AAC workability and cube compressive strength while increasing EAFS aggregate over natural aggregate improved AAC workability and decreased cube compressive strength.
Investigate the Effect of Curing Methods for Different Types of Binder Concrete
Authors: Elmasry Mohamed E , Kotb Amin A , Shaaban Walaa M
Published: September 2024

Various curing techniques are typically used to achieve the required concrete strengths. The laboratory results of this study investigate the effects of curing techniques (namely water, air-dry, burlap, membrane, and chemical spray) on compressive strength (Fcu) and indirect tensile strength (Ft) using 200 specimens. To determine the optimum method for concrete curing, two different cement contents were used (350 kg/m3 450 kg/m3) with and without chemical admixture (superplasticizer, SP). Compressive and indirect tensile strengths were determined for the four different concrete mixes. Based on the experimental results, adding superplasticizer and increasing the cement content improved the mechanical properties of the concrete mix, as indicated by both compressive and tensile strength. Additionally, it was found that the longer the curing period of the concrete, the higher the Fcu. Furthermore, adding 1% SP has a more significant impact on Fcu than adding 100 kg of cement.
A Proposed Framework for integrating IVR Technology in Architectural Design courses; Application on architectural schools in Egypt
Authors: Salah Abdullah , Nabil Guirguis Marianne
Published: September 2024

Visual communication has a vital role in the architecture. Virtual reality (VR) is one of the various methods of visual communication and interaction, especially during pandemics. Although it has many benefits such as improved space perception and dimension visualization etc., it’s not commonly used in Egyptian architectural schools. This research aims to investigate the integration of Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) into the design curriculums in Egyptian architectural schools and to propose a framework for its integration. A mixed method approach was used in this study along with the literature data that was reviewed to identify the benefits, limitations and different IVR setups. First, an interview was conducted with one of the VRCAVE founders in an Egyptian private university to understand the effect of IVR and whether it has affected the students’ outcome. This was followed by conducting an experiment including an IVR setup along with a 3D Virtual model, to conduct semi-structured interview with the participants to analyse the use of IVR in the design modules and whether its integration in the architecture schools design curriculum would be beneficial
Investigating daylighting quality in educational spaces following building renovation
Authors: Ahmed Abdelhalim Eissa Omar , Ahmed Elakkad Norhan , Ismaeel Walaa S.E.
Published: September 2024

Daylighting is essential to the well-being of occupants in educational spaces. It increases students’ performance and provides an opportunity for achieving energy efficiency, as well as indoor visual and thermal comfort. However, daylight performance is rarely accounted for when taking decisions attributed to building renovation. This results in increased or decreased daylighting lighting levels and glare which jeopardizes the functional requirements of the space. Hence, this study adopted a mixed qualitative/quantitative approach to compare two recently renovated educational spaces (architectural design studio drawing halls) in terms of the effect of renovation activities on daylighting and visual comfort, noting that both spaces were located in the same building and subject to similar prevailing climatic conditions. This included a sequence of site measurements, surveys and simulations. The results showed great variation between both studied spaces in terms of daylight efficiency and visual comfort. Some design proposals were tested in order to deduct learnt lessons for proper accounting of daylight during building renovation plans.
The influence of incorporating urban identity components in neighbourhood design for attaining environmental sustainability criteria
Authors: Hisham Elmasry T , Fahmy M , Mokhtar H
Published: September 2024

In recent decades, research has shown that to implement a sustainable neighbourhood, traditional urban and architectural typologies that reflect our identity has a role in the ecological urbanism framework. The research investigates how incorporating elements of urban identity, such as environmental, cultural, historical, and social aspects, can contribute to the creation of environmentally sustainable neighbourhoods. By aligning design principles with the unique characteristics of the community, a harmonious balance between ecological preservation and human well-being. Many cases across time show that clustered residential buildings with a courtyard, which is considered the development of courtyard homes, can achieve function and sustainability. This paper outlines a comparative study for the urban identity components in neighbourhood design in three countries that have different climates: Greece, the Netherlands, and Turkey. The study has a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating urban planning and environmental factors by Envi-Met software to analyse the influence of urban identity on sustainable neighbourhood design. Findings from this research aim to provide valuable insights for urban planners, and placemakers, guiding them towards more holistic and sustainable approaches to neighbourhood development in Egypt. and confirming the importance of urban identity in achieving environmental sustainability criteria within the context of contemporary urban planning.
Applying Sustainability and Liveability Principles in Planning a Residential Neighbourhood in an Arid Climate in Egypt
Authors: Shaker M. , Omar M. , Alaa Eldin F. , Mohammed G. , Yousry E. , Hussien N. , El Sheikh D.
Published: September 2024

This study introduces a comprehensive framework for assessing residential neighbourhoods, focusing on sustainability and liveability indicators in hot arid climates. Utilizing quantitative analysis, a residential neighbourhood model situated near Cairo International Airport, between Nasr City and Fifth Settlement, was developed to gauge sustainable and liveable indicators. The evaluation encompasses various sustainable indicators including housing typology, density, mixed-use zoning, education access, transportation infrastructure, parking management, green space provision, and sustainable materials adoption. Liveability was evaluated by analysing thermal comfort metrics such as wind direction, wind speed, air temperature, and relative humidity using ENVI-met software. Results indicate successful achievement of sustainability indicators, illustrating the efficacy of implemented strategies in fostering sustainable residential environments. However, inadequacies in meeting liveability standards underscore the need for additional sustainable solutions to address escalating air temperatures and enhance resident satisfaction. Proposed solutions include enhancing accessibility, promoting sustainable transportation, diversifying land uses, implementing eco-friendly materials, and augmenting green spaces. Prioritizing shaded areas and increasing tree coverage are recommended to alleviate temperature levels and ensure thermal comfort and community engagement.
Blockchain Technology as an Approach for Enhancing Communication in the Construction Industry
Authors: Elsaeidy Yomna A.
Published: September 2024

The construction industry has long grappled with the challenge of establishing effective communication and collaboration systems among its stakeholders. Consequently, there is a pressing need for a digital platform that can seamlessly connect all relevant parties and enhance communication. One promising solution lies in the adoption of blockchain technology (BCT), which operates as a distributed ledger system supporting triple-entry accounting. The problem that motivated this work is the inefficient communication between multiple parties within a specific part of the chain. This inefficiency results in the exchange of erroneous and outdated documents, including frequent design changes and engineering drawing errors. The research aim is to investigate the role of BCT in enhancing communication within the construction industry. To achieve this aim, a qualitative approach is employed. First, a comprehensive literature review explores the impact of BCT on communication enhancement in construction. Second, a case study is presented, focusing on the implementation of BCT during the construction of a new bridge. The results from both the literature review and the case study underscore the strong correlation between BCT adoption and improved communication and collaboration among diverse stakeholders in the construction industry.
Crop yield prediction with environmental and chemical variables using optimized ensemble predictive model in machine learning
Authors: Krishnadoss Nivethitha , Ramasamy Lokesh Kumar
Published: September 2024

Enhanced crop yield prediction is necessary for agronomists to make dynamic premonsoon decisions. The input variables precipitation, temperature, evaporation, wind speed, and chemical use influence crop yield estimations. In this study, we analyzed the correlation between crop yield and input features, and scaled up the prediction power of the crop yield model using optimized ensemble learning for machine learning. The proposed model is expected to deal with the limitations of existing models by minimizing effort and data requirements. It achieved better performance than the other approaches with a MSE (Mean Squared Error) of 42963, MAE (Mean Absolute Error) of 87, and R
2 (Coefficient of Determination) of 0.96. The findings of this study have important suggestions for agricultural management and policy-making. The proposed model offers possible applications for enhancing crop yield prediction across various perspectives, thereby assisting more informed decision-making in agriculture.
Prandtl-Meyer Reflection Configurations, Transonic Shocks, and Free Boundary Problems
Authors: Bae Myoungjean , Chen Gui-Qiang , Feldman Mikhail
Published: September 2024

We are concerned with the Prandtl-Meyer reflection configurations of unsteady global solutions for supersonic flow impinging upon a symmetric solid wedge. Prandtl (1936) first employed the shock polar analysis to show that there are two possible steady configurations: the steady weak shock solution and the steady strong shock solution, when a steady supersonic flow impinges upon the solid wedge – the half-angle of which is less than a critical angle (i.e., the detachment angle), and then conjectured that the steady weak shock solution is physically admissible since it is the one observed experimentally. The fundamental issue of whether one or both of the steady weak and strong shocks are physically admissible has been vigorously debated over the past eight decades and has not yet been settled in a definitive manner. On the other hand, the Prandtl-Meyer reflection configurations are core configurations in the structure of global entropy solutions of the two-dimensional Riemann problem, while the Riemann solutions themselves are local building blocks and determine local structures, global attractors, and large-time asymptotic states of general entropy solutions of multidimensional hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. In this sense, we have to understand the reflection configurations in order to understand fully the global entropy solutions of two-dimensional hyperbolic systems of conservation laws, including the admissibility issue for the entropy solutions. In this monograph, we address this longstanding open issue and present our analysis to establish the stability theorem for the steady weak shock solutions as the long-time asymptotics of the Prandtl-Meyer reflection configurations for unsteady potential flow for all the physical parameters up to the detachment angle. To achieve these, we first reformulate the problem as a free boundary problem involving transonic shocks and then obtain appropriate monotonicity properties and uniform a priori estimates for admissible solutions, which allow us to employ the Leray-Schauder degree argument to complete the theory for all the physical parameters up to the detachment angle.
Love, Joy, and Hope
Authors: Ramey Jessie B , Golcheski Amelia
Published: September 2024

What does resilience look like in social movements? How do activists keep going when times are hard? What tools have people used to form movements that could thrive despite constant setbacks and repression? This digital history piece examines these questions through the life of Kipp Dawson, who built coalitions for over sixty years in some of the nation’s largest movements for freedom and equality. Her astonishing career stretched from the frontlines of the US Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam anti-war movement to the women’s movement, gay liberation movement, labor movement, and education justice movement. She helped to lead some of the largest and most well-known sit-ins, marches, and campaigns that led to crucial victories. Yet the movements sustained devastating defeats, and Dawson’s own marginalized identities—as a lesbian, Jewish, working-class woman from a multiracial family—frequently meant she confronted government surveillance, intra-movement bigotry, and even violent resistance. However, Dawson and her collaborators persisted. They drew strength from each other and were buoyed by a sense of possibility for the future. This digital piece demonstrates the significance of love, joy, and hope as tools of resilience through a re-creation of a larger multimedia, open educational site (KippDawson.com) built using interactive platforms from the digital humanities.