bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remediation of a Magnesium‐Contaminated Soil by Chemical Amendments and Leaching
Authors: Wang Hong‐Quan , Zhao Qiong , Zeng De‐Hui , Hu Ya‐Lin , Yu Zhan‐Yuan
Published: January 2015

The deposition of magnesium (Mg)‐rich dust from magnesite mining activities has resulted in serious land degradation. However, the main factors limiting plant growth in Mg‐contaminated soils are unclear. Moreover, little information is available on the remediation of Mg‐contaminated soils. In this study, remediation of soils contaminated with Mg‐rich dust was investigated in a pot experiment using maize as the indicator plant. There were five treatments: (i) control; (ii) leaching; (iii) application of CaCl2; (iv) leaching + CaCl2application; and (v) application of Ca(H2PO4)2 · H2O. Soil properties and growth of maize (Zea maysL.) seedlings were measured. Leaching alone significantly decreased soluble Mg concentration. Leaching + CaCl2application greatly increased exchangeable Ca concentration and decreased soil pH by 0·3 units. Application of CaCl2alone increased soluble Mg concentration sharply, which directly inhibited the germination of maize seeds. Application of Ca(H2PO4)2 · H2O significantly increased the concentrations of exchangeable Ca and available phosphorus and decreased soil pH by 1·7 units. The biomass of maize seedlings increased in the order of control = leaching < leaching + CaCl2 < < Ca(H2PO4)2 · H2O. These results suggested that the plant growth in Mg‐contaminated soils was limited primarily by Ca deficiency and secondarily by high soil pH when exchangeable Ca was sufficient. High soil pH suppressed plant growth probably mainly by inhibiting phosphate uptake from the soil. Applying acid Ca salt with low solubility is an attractive option for the remediation of Mg‐contaminated soils. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biodiversity hot spot on a hot spot: novel extremophile diversity in Hawaiian fumaroles
Authors: Wall Kate , Cornell Jennifer , Bizzoco Richard W. , Kelley Scott T.
Published: January 2015

Fumaroles (steam vents) are the most common, yet least understood, microbial habitat in terrestrial geothermal settings. Long believed too extreme for life, recent advances in sample collection and DNA extraction methods have found that fumarole deposits and subsurface waters harbor a considerable diversity of viable microbes. In this study, we applied culture‐independent molecular methods to explore fumarole deposit microbial assemblages in 15 different fumaroles in four geographic locations on the Big Island of Hawai'i. Just over half of the vents yielded sufficient high‐quality DNA for the construction of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence clone libraries. The bacterial clone libraries contained sequences belonging to 11 recognized bacterial divisions and seven other division‐level phylogenetic groups. Archaeal sequences were less numerous, but similarly diverse. The taxonomic composition among fumarole deposits was highly heterogeneous. Phylogenetic analysis found cloned fumarole sequences were related to microbes identified from a broad array of globally distributed ecotypes, including hot springs, terrestrial soils, and industrial waste sites. Our results suggest that fumarole deposits function as an “extremophile collector” and may be a hot spot of novel extremophile biodiversity.
Effects of short‐ and long‐term Mediterranean‐based dietary treatment on plasma LC‐QTOF/MS metabolic profiling of subjects with metabolic syndrome features: The Metabolic Syndrome Reduction in Navarra (RESMENA) randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bondia‐Pons Isabel , Martinez José Alfredo , de la Iglesia Rocio , Lopez‐Legarrea Patricia , Poutanen Kaisa , Hanhineva Kati , Zulet Maria de los Ángeles
Published: January 2015

Scope

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been associated with a reduced risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Metabolomics approach may contribute to identify beneficial associations of metabolic changes affected by Mediterranean diet‐based interventions with inflammatory and oxidative‐stress markers related to the etiology and development of the MetS.

Methods and results

Liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole‐time of flight‐MS metabolic profiling was applied to plasma from a 6‐month randomized intervention with two sequential periods, a 2‐month nutritional‐learning intervention period, and a 4‐month self‐control period, with two energy‐restricted diets; the RESMENA diet (based on the Mediterranean dietary pattern) and the Control diet (based on the American Heart Association guidelines), in 72 subjects with a high BMI and at least two features of MetS. The major contributing biomarkers of each sequential period were lipids, mainly phospholipids and lysophospholipids. Dependency network analysis showed a different pattern of associations between metabolic changes and clinical variables after 2 and 6 month of intervention, with a highly interconnected network during the nutritional‐learning intervention period of the study.

Conclusion

The 2‐month RESMENA diet produced significant changes in the plasma metabolic profile of subjects with MetS features. However, at the end of the 6‐month study, most of the associations between metabolic and clinical variables disappeared; suggesting that adherence to healthy dietary habits had declined during the self‐control period.
Global transcriptome analysis of peripheral blood identifies the most significantly down‐regulated genes associated with metabolism regulation in Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Huang Jin , Zhang Liang , Deng Hua , Chang Liang , Liu Qinli , Liu Ping
Published: January 2015

The molecular pathogenesis of Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine differences in gene expression patterns between KS patients and control individuals to help identify disease‐related genes and biological pathways. Gene expression profiles of five KS patients and five healthy men were determined by microarray; 21 differentially expressed genes with a fold‐change >1.5 and q‐value <0.05 were identified between the groups. Genes associated with metabolism regulation and encoding liver fatty acid‐binding protein (FABP1), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1 (ALDH1L1), and vitronectin (VTN) were the most‐significantly down‐regulated in KS, as confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Notably, none of these differentially expressed genes are normally found on the X chromosome. Thus, our results indicate that aberrant metabolism is involved in the pathogenesis of KS. Further elucidation of the how aberrant expression of metabolism‐related genes affect the pathogenesis of KS may lead to the development of novel preventative and therapeutic strategies. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 17–25, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CaMKII: do not work too hard in the failing heart
Authors: Liu Min , Li You , Chen Ruichuan
Published: January 2015

CaMKIIδ, a calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase, plays pivotal roles in the development of heart disease. In this issue of The Journal of Pathology, Salma Awad and colleagues demonstrate that CaMKIIδ is engaged in both pathological hypertrophy and heart failure. By analysis of mouse and human heart samples, they found that the level of CaMKIIδ is increased in both pathological processes. Further studies demonstrated that CaMKIIδ mediates the phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10 (H3S10), which then tethers the chaperone protein 14‐3‐3 to promoter regions of fetal cardiac genes to activate their transcription. Combined with recent highlights on transcription regulation, this study revealed a fuzzy boundary between pathological hypertrophy and subsequent heart failure and indicates that current therapeutic strategies towards heart failure may have potential risks to patients. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving inference of Gaussian mixtures using auxiliary variables
Authors: Mercatanti Andrea , Li Fan , Mealli Fabrizia
Published: January 2015

Expanding a lower‐dimensional problem to a higher‐dimensional space and then projecting back is often beneficial. This article rigorously investigates this perspective in the context of finite mixture models, specifically how to improve inference for mixture models by using auxiliary variables. Despite the large literature in mixture models and several empirical examples, there is no previous work that gives general theoretical justification for including auxiliary variables in mixture models, even for special cases. We provide a theoretical basis for comparing inference for mixture multivariate models with the corresponding inference for marginal univariate mixture models. Analytical results for several special cases are established. We show that the probability of correctly allocating mixture memberships and the information number for the means of the primary outcome in a bivariate model with two Gaussian mixtures are generally larger than those in each univariate model. Simulations under a range of scenarios, including mis‐specified models, are conducted to examine the improvement. The method is illustrated by two real applications in ecology and causal inference.
One‐Dimensional Hybrid Nanostructures for Heterogeneous Photocatalysis and Photoelectrocatalysis
Authors: Xiao Fang‐Xing , Miao Jianwei , Tao Hua Bing , Hung Sung‐Fu , Wang Hsin‐Yi , Yang Hong Bin , Chen Jiazang , Chen Rong , Liu Bin
Published: January 2015

Semiconductor‐based photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis have received considerable attention as alternative approaches for solar energy harvesting and storage. The photocatalytic or photoelectrocatalytic performance of a semiconductor is closely related to the design of the semiconductor at the nanoscale. Among various nanostructures, one‐dimensional (1D) nanostructured photocatalysts and photoelectrodes have attracted increasing interest owing to their unique optical, structural, and electronic advantages. In this article, a comprehensive review of the current research efforts towards the development of 1D semiconductor nanomaterials for heterogeneous photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis is provided and, in particular, a discussion of how to overcome the challenges for achieving full potential of 1D nanostructures is presented. It is anticipated that this review will afford enriched information on the rational exploration of the structural and electronic properties of 1D semiconductor nanostructures for achieving more efficient 1D nanostructure‐based photocatalysts and photoelectrodes for high‐efficiency solar energy conversion.
Seed Growth of Tungsten Diselenide Nanotubes from Tungsten Oxides
Authors: Kim Hyun , Yun Seok Joon , Park Jin Cheol , Park Min Ho , Park Ji‐Hoon , Kim Ki Kang , Lee Young Hee
Published: January 2015

We report growth of tungsten diselenide (WSe2) nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition with a two‐zone furnace. WO3 nanowires were first grown by annealing tungsten thin films under argon ambient. WSe2 nanotubes were then grown at the tips of WO3 nanowires through selenization via two steps: (i) formation of tubular WSe2 structures on the outside of WO3 nanowires, resulting in core (WO3)–shell (WSe2) and (ii) growth of WSe2 nanotubes at the tips of WO3 nanowires. The observed seed growth is markedly different from existing substitutional growth of WSe2 nanotubes, where oxygen atoms are replaced by selenium atoms in WO3 nanowires to form WSe2 nanotubes. Another advantage of our growth is that WSe2 film was grown by simply supplying hydrogen gas, where the native oxides were reduced to thin film instead of forming oxide nanowires. Our findings will contribute to engineer other transition metal dichacogenide growth such as MoS2, WS2, and MoSe2.
Compatibilizing role of carbon nanotubes in poly(vinyl alcohol)/starch blend
Authors: Jose Jobin , De S. K , AlMa'adeed Mariam Al‐Ali , Dakua Jolly Bhadra , Sreekumar P. A , Sougrat Rachid , Al‐Harthi Mamdouh A.
Published: January 2015

Polymer nanocomposites based on poly(vinyl alcohol)/starch blend and carbon nanotubes (CNT) were prepared by solution mixing, followed by casting. Glycerol was used as a plasticizer and added in the starch dispersion. The uniform dispersion of CNT in water before mixing with PVA/starch blend, was achieved by using an Ultrasonicator probe. The composites were characterized by measurement of tensile properties, thermal analysis, FE‐SEM, TEM, XRD studies, and water uptake. It was observed that the decrease in tensile strength, modulus, and elongation at break on addition of starch into PVA can be arrested by incorporation of CNT. The strong physical bonding such as hydrogen bonding among the hydroxyl groups of polymer components and oxygen containing groups on CNT surface resulted in a more tortuous path for the water to follow, lowering of water uptake. Thermal analysis and spectroscopic images showed an increase in blend homogeneity in the presence of CNT.
Moving from Data Collection to Application: A Systematic Literature Review of Surgical Capacity Assessments and their Applications
Authors: Carlson Lucas C. , Lin Joseph A. , Ameh Emmanuel A. , Mulwafu Wakisa , Donkor Peter , Derbew Miliard , Rodas Edgar , Mkandawire Nyengo C. , Dhanaraj Mitra , Yangni‐Angate Herve , Sani Rachid , Labib Mohamed , Barbero Roxana , Clarke Damian , Smith Martin D. , Sherman Lawrence , Mutyaba Frederick A. , Alexander Philip , Hadley Larry G. P. , VanRooyen Michael J. , Kushner Adam L.
Published: January 2015

Background

Over the past decade, assessments of surgical capacity in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) have contributed to our understanding of barriers to the delivery of surgical services in a number of countries. It is yet unclear, however, how the findings of these assessments have been applied and built upon within the published literature.

Methods

A systematic literature review of surgical capacity assessments in LMICs was performed to evaluate current levels of understanding of global surgical capacity and to identify areas for future study. A reverse snowballing method was then used to follow‐up citations of the identified studies to assess how this research has been applied and built upon in the literature.

Results

Twenty‐one papers reporting the findings of surgical capacity assessments conducted in 17 different LMICs in South Asia, East Asia and Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and sub‐Saharan Africa were identified. These studies documented substantial deficits in human resources, infrastructure, equipment, and supplies. Only seven additional papers were identified which applied or built upon the studies. Among these, capacity assessment findings were most commonly used to develop novel tools and intervention strategies, but they were also used as baseline measurements against which updated capacity assessments were compared.

Conclusions

While the global surgery community has made tremendous progress in establishing baseline values of surgical capacity in LMICs around the world, further work is necessary to build upon and apply the foundational knowledge established through these efforts. Capacity assessment data should be coordinated and used in ongoing research efforts to monitor and evaluate progress in global surgery and to develop targeted intervention strategies. Intervention strategy development may also be further incorporated into the evaluation process itself.
Factors Associated with Uptake of Genetics Services for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Khouzam Amirah , Kwan Andrea , Baxter Samantha , Bernstein Jonathan A.
Published: January 2015

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common cardiovascular disorder with variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance. Clinical guidelines recommend consultation with a genetics professional as part of an initial assessment for HCM, yet there remains an underutilization of genetics services. We conducted a study to assess factors associated with this underutilization within the framework of the Health Belief Model (HBM). An online survey was completed by 306 affected individuals and at risk family members. Thirty‐seven percent of individuals (113/306) had visited a genetics professional for reasons related to HCM. Genetic testing was performed on 53 % (162/306). Individuals who had undergone testing were more likely to have seen a genetics professional (p < 0.001), had relatives with an HCM diagnosis (p = 0.002), and have a known familial mutation (p < 0.001). They were also more likely to agree that genetic testing would satisfy their curiosity (p < 0.001), provide reassurance (p < 0.001), aid family members in making healthcare decisions (p < 0.001), and encourage them to engage in a healthier lifestyle (p = 0.002). The HBM components of cues to action and perceived benefits and barriers had the greatest impact on uptake of genetic testing. In order to ensure optimal counseling and care for individuals and families with HCM, awareness and education around HCM and genetic services should be promoted in both physicians and patients alike.
Discovery of a Kimberlite Pipe near Budikonda, Dharwar Craton, South India: Field Approaches, Preliminary Petrography and Mineral Chemistry
Authors: Mukherjee Abhijeet , Jha Suyash , Babu E.V.S.S.K. , Verma C.B.
Published: January 2015

Multi-parametric and systematic exploration for kimberlite search was made in the vicinity of the Kalyandurg area within the Closepet granite, Dharwar craton, south India involving Remote Sensing and Airborne Geophysical Surveys (100 and 200 m spacing; 60 m AGL), Stream Sediment Sampling as well as Electron Probe analysis of heavy indicator minerals. The bipolar aeromagnetic anomaly (pronounced by high-low pair) falls in the positive drainage catchment delineated by stream sediment sampling. Subsequent drilling by a private party over the suspected anomalous zone resulted in the discovery of kimberlite. This is being reported here as the KL-7 kimberlite of the Kalyandurg cluster. Petrographically, the kimberlite shows typical porphyritic texture with macrocrystal olivine grains (∼ 500-4500 µm) set in a groundmass composed of abundant phlogopite, perovskite and microcrystal olivine and clinopyroxene. Xenocrystic chromite grains were also observed. Preliminary studies on the mineral chemistry indicates that the olivine grains are foresterite-rich (Fo = 88-92) with an average MgO wt. % of 49.61. Groundmass phlogopites are of kimberlitic affinity with high Mg# (Mg/Mg+Fe2+) ranging between 0.88 and 0.91. The Cr-spinel macrocrysts with high Cr2O3(> 62 wt. %) are considered to have formed from a primary garnet-peridotite-derived melt. The ilmenites have 8 to 12 wt % MgO and indicate kimberlitic affinity. Based on the current discovery, a suitable investigation strategy is also being suggested here for future kimberlite exploration in the area within the Closepet granite of the Dharwar craton, South India.
Delineation of Extension of Uranium Mineralization Zone using Resistivity and Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic Surveys around South Purulia Shear Zone, India
Authors: Sharma S.P. , Biswas Arkoprovo , Mittal Saurabh
Published: January 2015

During a random radiometric survey, nuclear radiation was detected near exposed rocks in an open-pit phosphatemine at Beldih (Purulia, W.B.), India. Radiometric analysis of rock samples reveals a significant concentration of uranium. Geological study suggests that Beldih phosphate mine lies near the South Purulia Shear Zone (SPSZ). Shear zones in the region are E-W striking elongated zone and associated with uranium mineralization (famous Singhbhum shear zone for several uranium mines). Electrical resistivity (profiling and sounding) and Very Low Frequency (VLF) electromagnetic surveys were performed around Beldih mine to delineate the suitable conducting zones which may be associated with uranium mineralization. Significant lateral extension of possible source is delineated; it could be exploited later on a large scale for commercial utilization. It is observed that gradient resistivity profiling (GRP) survey is the most suitable technique to explore the nearly vertical conducting structure. The GRP measurements were carried out at different locations. A good correlation of low resistive zones on various GRP was observed from the measured data. The study concludes that subsurface structures are nearly vertical and have alternate resistive and conducting bands. An inclined bore-hole drilled confirms the presence of alternate resistive and conducting structures and uranium mineralization is detected in conducting bands. This suggests that GRP can be conducted for precise location of the target zone. This will help in planning bore holes for drilling to find the exact thickness, lateral and vertical extent of the deposit for commercial utilization. VLF measurements were also carried out along various profiles. Even though VLF observation was quite noisy due to presence of power lines in the area; this method can be used to map the area and model the data for actual sub-surface conducting zones in less noisy areas as a support for drilling works.
Structures, Petrography and Geochemistry of Deccan Basalts at Anantagiri Hills, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Kaotekwar Archana B. , Meshram Rajkumar R. , Sathyanarayanan M. , Krishna A. Keshav , Charan S. N.
Published: January 2015

The Deccan basalts of Anantagiri hills near Vikarabad are characterized by the occurrence of a complete and continuous sequence of colonnade structures below the laterites. These structures have enabled division of flow units 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 from the bottom upwards, into three well defined zones – Lower Colonnade Zone (LCZ); Middle Entablature Zone (MEZ) and Upper Colonnade Zone (UCZ) underlying a 5-10 m thick laterite cover. These fine to medium grained basalts composed of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, ± olivine, Ti-magnetite, ilmenite, glass, cholorophaeite and zeolites commonly show intersertal, glomeroporphyritic and rare sub-ophitic and porphyritic textures. On the A-F-M ternary plot these basalts plot in the iron rich tholeiitic field. REE plots of these rocks define patterns with mild LREE enrichment and negative Eu anomaly. Their primitive mantle normalized multi-element patterns show mild positive LREE coupled with slight LILE depletion, positive Ba, Ta and Pb peaks. The TiO2/Yb vs Nb/Yb ratios in these tholeiites suggest a slightly enriched source with an MORB affinity. The major and trace element signatures of these tholeiitic basalts occurring at Anantagiri hills and the adjacent low lying areas in south-eastern Deccan Volcanic Province, have broad affinities with the basalts of Ambenali Formation with an overlap on basalts of Poladpur Formation, though with minor variations suggesting geochemical similarity with these two type area basalt formations.
Flow Unit Characterization: Key to Delineating Reservoir Performance in “Aqua-field”, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Mode Ayonma W. , Anyiam Okwudiri A. , Onwuchekwa Chidiebere N.
Published: January 2015

This study presents a cost effective and quantitative method for the characterization of flow units and prediction of hydrocarbon recovery of the reservoirs in wells D and E, “Aqua field”, Niger Delta. It involves petrophysical evaluation of well log data in order to obtain porosity and permeability values which were useful in identifying and characterizing flow units with the help of the Stratigraphic Modified Lorenz Plot (SMLP). This plot was then used to identify the number of flow units, key flow unit characteristics and anticipated production performance of the hydrocarbon bearing reservoir and the data subjected into a numerical simulator that allows better resolution characteristics of the well. The D-1 reservoir interval has five flow units, which comprise both speed zones and baffle intervals. Reservoirs E-1 to E-4 also have a total of 21 flow units. High values of flow unit speed and high angle flow capacity inflexion indicate speed zones which are prone to sharp decline, while baffles of low value flow unit speed and low angle flow capacity show shallow to steady production decline with time. A better understanding of the fluid flow variations within the reservoir intervals helps in the accurate design of reservoir simulation model for effective hydrocarbon recovery and management.
Prospective associations between loneliness and emotional intelligence
Authors: Wols A. , Scholte R.H.J. , Qualter P.
Published: January 2015

Loneliness has been linked cross‐sectionally to emotional skill deficits (e.g., Zysberg, 2012), but missing from the literature is a longitudinal examination of these relationships. The present study fills that gap by examining the prospective relationships between loneliness and emotional functioning in young adolescents in England. One hundred and ninety‐six adolescents aged 11–13 years (90 females) took part in the study and completed the youth version of the Mayer‐Salovey‐Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT‐YV) and the peer‐related subscale of the Loneliness and Aloneness Scale for Children and Adolescents (LACA) at two time points, which were 10 months apart. Prospective associations were obtained for male and female adolescents separately using cross‐lagged statistical techniques. Our results showed prospective links between understanding and managing emotions and loneliness for both females and males. Perceiving and using emotions were prospectively linked to loneliness in males only. Possible explanations and directions for future research are discussed.
Inequality and Democratization
Authors: Ansell Ben W. , Samuels David J.
Published: January 2015

Research on the economic origins of democracy and dictatorship has shifted away from the impact of growth and turned toward the question of how different patterns of growth - equal or unequal - shape regime change. This book offers a new theory of the historical relationship between economic modernization and the emergence of democracy on a global scale, focusing on the effects of land and income inequality. Contrary to most mainstream arguments, Ben W. Ansell and David J. Samuels suggest that democracy is more likely to emerge when rising, yet politically disenfranchised, groups demand more influence because they have more to lose, rather than when threats of redistribution to elite interests are low.
Supersymmetric Field Theories
Authors: Cecotti Sergio
Published: January 2015

Adopting an elegant geometrical approach, this advanced pedagogical text describes deep and intuitive methods for understanding the subtle logic of supersymmetry while avoiding lengthy computations. The book describes how complex results and formulae obtained using other approaches can be significantly simplified when translated to a geometric setting. Introductory chapters describe geometric structures in field theory in the general case, while detailed later chapters address specific structures such as parallel tensor fields, G-structures, and isometry groups. The relationship between structures in supergravity and periodic maps of algebraic manifolds, Kodaira–Spencer theory, modularity, and the arithmetic properties of supergravity are also addressed. Relevant geometric concepts are introduced and described in detail, providing a self-contained toolkit of useful techniques, formulae and constructions. Covering all the material necessary for the application of supersymmetric field theories to fundamental physical questions, this is an outstanding resource for graduate students and researchers in theoretical physics.
Body, Dress, and Identity in Ancient Greece
Authors: Lee Mireille M.
Published: January 2015

This is the first general monograph on ancient Greek dress in English to be published in more than a century. By applying modern dress theory to the ancient evidence, this book reconstructs the social meanings attached to the dressed body in ancient Greece. Whereas many scholars have focused on individual aspects of ancient Greek dress, from the perspectives of literary, visual, and archaeological sources, this volume synthesizes the diverse evidence and offers fresh insights into this essential aspect of ancient society. Intended to be accessible to nonspecialists as well as classicists, students as well as academic professionals, this book will find a wide audience.
Acoustics and Aerodynamic Sound
Authors: Howe Michael
Published: January 2015

Music, calm speech, whispering leaves fluttering in a breeze are pleasant and desirable sounds. Noise, howling gales, explosions and screeching traffic are less so. A quantitative understanding of the sources of all such sounds can be obtained by careful analysis of the mechanical equations of motion. This is provided by Acoustics and Aerodynamic Sound, which serves as a short, one semester introduction to acoustics and aerodynamic sound at the advanced undergraduate and graduate level. Sound is treated as a branch of fluid mechanics, which is possible because students embarking on an advanced course in acoustics will be familiar with this topic. It is also desirable because an ability to relate acoustic events to hydrodynamic phenomena provides insight into acoustic principles, in particular into the role of vorticity in the mechanics of sound production by vibrating bodies and in the scattering and diffraction of sound.
Repertorium bibliographicum
Authors: Clarke William
Published: January 2015

Little is known about William Clarke, the author of this 1819 survey of libraries in Britain, though hints in the opening pages suggest that he was acquainted with the activities of the Roxburghe Club. His object is 'to assist … the collector in his pursuit of valuable editions of rare books'. A short survey of the major libraries of Europe is followed by descriptions of the collections which make up the British Museum's library, the great 'public' libraries, including those of Oxford and Cambridge, and the libraries of learned societies. Private libraries covered include those of Sir Joseph Banks, William Beckford, and the duke of Marlborough. The final portion of the work describes the content of some great library sales (a fuller list of sales having been given earlier in the book), from the seventeenth century to Clarke's own time. This remains a useful source for bibliographers and those interested in the provenance of books.
Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Nichols John
Published: January 2015

In this nine-volume work, published between 1812 and 1815, the author and publisher John Nichols (1745–1826) provides biographical notes on publishers, writers and artists of the eighteenth century, and also gives 'an incidental view of the progress and advancement of literature in this kingdom during the last century'. (A shorter version had been published in 1782.) His subjects range from the publisher William Bowyer to Henry Fielding and Horace Walpole, and also include histories of individual publishing houses and of genres such as lexicography. The work remains a useful source of biographical material on authors and publishers at a period when many of the literary genres we take for granted, such as the novel, the autobiography and the analytical history, were first being developed. Volume 5 includes memoirs of John and Charles Wesley, and of antiquaries such as William Stukeley, as well as an essay on lexicography.
Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Nichols John
Published: January 2015

In this nine-volume work, published between 1812 and 1815, the author and publisher John Nichols (1745–1826) provides biographical notes on publishers, writers and artists of the eighteenth century, and also gives 'an incidental view of the progress and advancement of literature in this kingdom during the last century'. (A shorter version had been published in 1782.) His subjects range from the publisher William Bowyer to Henry Fielding and Horace Walpole, and also include histories of individual publishing houses and of genres such as lexicography. The work remains a useful source of biographical material on authors and publishers at a period when many of the literary genres we take for granted, such as the novel, the autobiography and the analytical history, were first being developed. Volume 6 includes essays on the Gentlemen's Society at Spalding and the Society of Antiquaries, as well as many individual memoirs.
Passages of a Working Life during Half a Century
Authors: Knight Charles
Published: January 2015

Charles Knight (1791–1873), the son of a Windsor bookseller, was apprenticed to his father at fourteen. He read widely and systematically, and began to buy, collect and sell rare books. He also worked as a journalist, and, on moving to London, set up as a publisher, then took to freelance writing, and acted as manager of the publications of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. In 1832, he launched the Penny Magazine, offering the working classes useful information, within a moral context of thrift and self-discipline. Knight continued to write - on Shakespeare, on Caxton, on English history - while at the same time being at the centre of the British publishing industry. His 1864–5 three-volume autobiography (reissued here in its posthumous 1873 edition) provides insights into the economics as well as the personalities of the mid-Victorian publishing world. Volume 3 covers the 1850s, and continues up to 1865.
Universal History
Authors: Ranke Leopold von
Published: January 2015

'No apology can be needed for introducing to English readers the latest work of Leopold von Ranke', states the editor's preface to this English translation, first published in 1884. Ranke (1795–1886) is well known for pioneering the modern historical method which advocates empiricism, rather than a focus on the philosophy of history. Emphasising the importance of presenting history exactly as the surviving evidence, both documentary and archaeological, reveals it to have happened, Ranke asserted that different eras need to be understood in their own contexts rather than in relation to each other. Though it is limited to the Mediterranean and the Middle East, this work takes a broad overview of 'the oldest historical group of nations and the Greeks', beginning with ancient Egypt and concluding with Alexander the Great and his immediate successors. Other works by Ranke in English translation are also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection.
Travels into Bokhara
Authors: Burnes Alexander
Published: January 2015

Aged sixteen, Alexander Burnes (1805–41) took up a post in the Bombay army, and speedily learned both Hindustani and Persian. His skills led him to political work, and he himself proposed a covert expedition to Bukhara, to survey the country, but also to observe the expansionist activities of the Russians in central Asia. In 1832, he set off, with an army doctor, and two Indians as surveyor and secretary. They travelled in local dress and adopted whatever personas a situation required. Having reached Bukhara, they continued overland to the Caspian Sea, and then to Tehran, returning to Bombay by sea in 1833. This three-volume account of his adventures, published in 1834, was an instant bestseller. Volume 2 completes the journey, and describes the geography and history of central Asia. Burnes continued his diplomatic activities in Afghanistan, but was murdered there by a mob in 1841.
The Humble-Bee
Authors: Sladen Frederick William Lambert
Published: January 2015

This classic work by F. W. L. Sladen (1876–1921) was published in 1912. Captivated by the bees in the grounds of his home, he produced his first essay on them in 1892, and later began to keep bees and produce honey as a livelihood, at the same time studying and breeding honeybees. Moving in 1912 to Canada, he eventually received the title of Dominion Apiarist, but unfortunately his work was cut short by his sudden death in 1921. When this book was published, there were no detailed accounts of the life cycles of the humble-bee (or bumblebee) species. Sladen provides these, with a guide to distinguishing the different British species (with colour plates which can be viewed at http://www.cambridge.org/9781108075725), and instructions on how to domesticate these important pollinators. Combining the enthusiasm of a naturalist with the precision of a scientist, this work is of continuing interest and importance in environmental studies.
Scattering Amplitudes in Gauge Theory and Gravity
Authors: Elvang Henriette , Huang Yu-tin
Published: January 2015

Providing a comprehensive, pedagogical introduction to scattering amplitudes in gauge theory and gravity, this book is ideal for graduate students and researchers. It offers a smooth transition from basic knowledge of quantum field theory to the frontier of modern research. Building on basic quantum field theory, the book starts with an introduction to the spinor helicity formalism in the context of Feynman rules for tree-level amplitudes. The material covered includes on-shell recursion relations, superamplitudes, symmetries of N=4 super Yang–Mills theory, twistors and momentum twistors, Grassmannians, and polytopes. The presentation also covers amplitudes in perturbative supergravity, 3D Chern–Simons matter theories, and color-kinematics duality and its connection to 'gravity=(gauge theory)x(gauge theory)'. Basic knowledge of Feynman rules in scalar field theory and quantum electrodynamics is assumed, but all other tools are introduced as needed. Worked examples demonstrate the techniques discussed, and over 150 exercises help readers absorb and master the material.
Learning as a Generative Activity
Authors: Fiorella Logan , Mayer Richard E.
Published: January 2015

During the past twenty-five years, researchers have made impressive advances in pinpointing effective learning strategies (namely, activities the learner engages in during learning that are intended to improve learning). In Learning as a Generative Activity: Eight Learning Strategies that Promote Understanding, Logan Fiorella and Richard E. Mayer share eight evidence-based learning strategies that promote understanding: summarizing, mapping, drawing, imagining, self-testing, self-explaining, teaching, and enacting. Each chapter describes and exemplifies a learning strategy, examines the underlying cognitive theory, evaluates strategy effectiveness by analyzing the latest research, pinpoints boundary conditions, and explores practical implications and future directions. Each learning strategy targets generative learning, in which learners actively make sense out of the material so they can apply their learning to new situations. This concise, accessible introduction to learning strategies will benefit students, researchers, and practitioners in educational psychology, as well as general readers interested in the important twenty-first-century skill of regulating one's own learning.
Tying the Autocrat's Hands
Authors: Wang Yuhua
Published: January 2015

Under what conditions would authoritarian rulers be interested in the rule of law? What type of rule of law exists in authoritarian regimes? How do authoritarian rulers promote the rule of law without threatening their grip on power? Tying the Autocrat's Hands answers these questions by examining legal reforms in China. Yuhua Wang develops a demand-side theory arguing that authoritarian rulers will respect the rule of law when they need the cooperation of organized interest groups that control valuable and mobile assets but are not politically connected. He also defines the rule of law that exists in authoritarian regimes as a partial form of the rule of law, in which judicial fairness is respected in the commercial realm but not in the political realm. Tying the Autocrat's Hands demonstrates that the rule of law is better enforced in regions with a large number of foreign investors but less so in regions heavily invested in by Chinese investors.
The Cambridge Introduction to Milton
Authors: Dobranski Stephen B.
Published: January 2015

John Milton is one of the most important and influential writers in English literary history. The goal of this book is to make Milton's works more accessible and enjoyable by providing a comprehensive overview of the author's life, times and writings. It describes essential details from Milton's biography, explains some of the cultural and historical contexts in which he wrote, offers fresh analyses of his major pamphlets and poems - including Lycidas, Areopagitica and Paradise Lost - and describes in depth traditional and recent responses to his reputation and writings. Separate sections focus on important concepts or key passages from his major works to illustrate how readers can interpret - and get excited about - Milton's writings. This detailed and engaging introduction to Milton will help readers not only better understand the author's life and works but also better appreciate why Milton matters.
The Business of War
Authors: Parrott David
Published: January 2015

This is a major new approach to the military revolution and the relationship between warfare and the power of the state in early modern Europe. Whereas previous accounts have emphasised the growth of state-run armies during this period, David Parrott argues instead that the delegation of military responsibility to sophisticated and extensive networks of private enterprise reached unprecedented levels. This included not only the hiring of troops but their equipping, the supply of food and munitions, and the financing of their operations. The book reveals the extraordinary prevalence and capability of private networks of commanders, suppliers, merchants and financiers who managed the conduct of war on land and at sea, challenging the traditional assumption that reliance on mercenaries and the private sector results in corrupt and inefficient military force. In so doing, the book provides essential historical context to contemporary debates about the role of the private sector in warfare.
'Troilus and Criseyde'
Authors: Nuttall Jenni
Published: January 2015

'Troilus and Criseyde', Geoffrey Chaucer's most substantial completed work, is a long historical romance; its famous tale of love and betrayal in the Trojan War later inspired William Shakespeare. This reader's guide, written specifically for students of medieval literature, provides a scene-by-scene paraphrase and commentary on the whole text. Each section explains matters of meaning, interpretation, plot structure and character development, the role of the first-person narrating voice, Chaucer's use of his source materials and elements of the poem's style. Brief and accessible discussions of key themes and sources (for example the art of love, the holy bond of things, Fortune and Thebes) are provided in separate textboxes. An ideal starting point for studying the text, this book helps students through the initial language barrier and allows readers to enjoy and understand this medieval masterpiece.
Unequal Political Participation Worldwide
Authors: Gallego Aina
Published: January 2015

Highly educated citizens vote at much lower rates than less educated citizens in some countries. By contrast, electoral participation exhibits no such bias in other countries as diverse as Spain, Denmark, and South Korea. This book describes the levels of unequal participation in thirty-six countries worldwide, examines possible causes of this phenomenon, and discusses its consequences. Aina Gallego illustrates how electoral procedures, party and media systems, unionization, and income inequality impact unequal participation through an original combination of cross-national survey data and survey experiments.
Program Music
Authors: Kregor Jonathan
Published: January 2015

Program music was one of the most flexible and contentious novelties of the long nineteenth century, covering a diverse range that included the overtures of Beethoven and Mendelssohn, the literary music of Berlioz and Schumann, Liszt's symphonic poems, the tone poems of Strauss and Sibelius, and compositions by groups of composers in Russia, Bohemia, the United States, and France. In this accessible Introduction, Jonathan Kregor explores program music's ideas and repertoire, discussing both well-known and less familiar pieces by an array of nineteenth- and twentieth-century composers. Setting program music in the context of the intellectual debates of the period, Kregor presents the criticism of writers like A. B. Marx and Hanslick to reveal program music's growth, dissemination, and reception. This comprehensive overview features numerous illustrations and music examples and provides detailed case studies of battle music, Shakespeare settings, and Goethe's Faust.
Constitutions and Religious Freedom
Authors: Cross Frank B.
Published: January 2015

Many of us take for granted the idea that the right to religious freedom should be protected in a free, democratic polity. This book challenges whether the protection and privilege of religious belief and identity should be prioritized over any other right. By studying the effects of constitutional promises of religious freedom and establishment clauses, Frank B. Cross sets the stage for a set of empirical questions that examine the consequences of such protections. Although the case for broader protection is often made as a theoretical matter, constitutions generally protect freedom of religion. Allowing people full choice in religious beliefs or freedom of conscience is central to their autonomy. Freedom of religion is thus potentially a very valuable aspect of society, at least so long as it respects the freedom of individuals to be irreligious. This book tests these associations and finds that constitutions provide national religious protection, especially when the legal system is more sophisticated.
The Politics of Parliamentary Debate
Authors: Proksch Sven-Oliver , Slapin Jonathan B.
Published: January 2015

Parliamentary debate is a fundamental aspect of democratic law-making. While law makers everywhere seek to express their views in parliament, there are large discrepancies in who has access to the floor across political systems. This book explains how parties and their members of parliament (MPs) structure parliamentary debate. Parties may actively seek to prevent some members from taking the floor while promoting opportunities for others. In doing so, they attempt to control the message that their partisans convey in parliament. The authors provide a theoretical model to explain the design of procedural rules in parliament, how the party leadership interacts with rebel backbenchers, and how MPs represent voters. The book explores political institutions, intra-party politics, electoral politics and legislative behavior. It develops and tests a new theory of parliamentary debate, using data from the UK, Germany, New Zealand and the European Parliament.
Entertainment Industry Economics
Authors: Vogel Harold L.
Published: January 2015

The entertainment and media industries, already important sectors of the US economy, continue to grow rapidly in other countries around the world. This ninth edition of Entertainment Industry Economics continues to be the definitive source on the economics of film, music, television, advertising, broadcasting, cable, casino and online wagering, publishing, performing arts and culture, toys and games, sports, and theme parks. It synthesizes a vast amount of data to provide a clear, comprehensive, and up-to-date reference guide on the economics, financing, accounting, production, and marketing of entertainment in the United States and overseas. Completely updated, it includes new sections on price effects, art markets, and Asian gaming. Financial analysts and investors, economists, industry executives, accountants, lawyers, regulators and legislators, and journalists, as well as students preparing to join these professionals, will benefit from this invaluable guide on how the entertainment and media industries operate.