bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Religiousness and psychotic experiences among young adult college students in the United States
Authors: Oh Hans Y , Davis Edward B , Klaunig Mallory , Narita Zui , Koyanagi Ai , Karcher Nicole R
Published: November 2022

Background:

Religiousness and psychotic experiences have been related, though findings have been mixed, with little attention paid to specific religious affiliations and religious importance.

Methods:

We analyzed data from the Healthy Minds Study (2020–2021), which was an online survey administered at 140 college campuses across the United States. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the associations between religiousness (affiliation and importance) and 12-month psychotic experiences, adjusting for age, gender, and race/ethnicity.

Results:

Only Christian religious affiliation was associated with lower odds of psychotic experiences (aOR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.84), while Non-Christian religious affiliation (aOR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.50) and Multiple religious affiliation s were associated with greater odds (aOR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.42). Overall, increased religious importance was associated with lower odds of psychotic experiences (aOR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94–0.99). After stratifying by affiliation, religious importance was only associated with lower odds of psychotic experiences among people who identified as Other Christian, Mormon, and Other World Religion. Religious importance was associated with greater odds of psychotic experiences among Atheists, Agnostics, Buddhists, Nothing in Particular, and Multiple Religions.

Conclusion:

Religious affiliation and importance had varying associations with psychotic experiences, depending on type of religious affiliation. More research is needed to explore the modifying effects of religiousness. Responsiveness to religious beliefs and practices may be critical when assessing risk for psychosis.
Need-based rehabilitation program for women with mental illness under long-term admission in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A feasibility study
Authors: Conger Lydia R. , Jagannathan Aarti , Angothu Hareesh , Reddy Shanivaram
Published: November 2022

Background:

In keeping with the rights perspective, the rehabilitation needs of the women under long-term admission (LTA) in ‘closed wards’ of Tertiary Care Hospitals (TCHs) are different, often unfulfilled, and need to be addressed.

Methodology:

The study used a qualitative exploratory research design. In phase, I, the rehabilitation needs of Women with Mental Illness (WMI) were assessed. In phase II, a rehabilitation program was developed and implemented in the ward where WMI were admitted. In phase III, the feasibility of the implementation of the Rehabilitation Program was tested.

Results:

The needs expressed by WMI were personal, economic, vocational, social, emotional, educational, relationship, recreation, reintegration, and health needs. They also expressed needs related to their rights such as privacy, making personal choices, access to mobile phones, holding bank accounts, etc. The stakeholders felt that WMIs who get well should be segregated from people who are acutely ill and given access to interact with other groups of people. Based on the themes elicited, a rehabilitation program was developed and implemented through networking and liaising with various departments of the institute, other Government, Non-Governmental Organizations, volunteers, and corporates. The rehabilitation program was found to be feasible with systemic changes being brought about at the institutional level.

Conclusion:

In keeping with a rights-based approach TCHs need to implement need-based rehabilitation programs for WMI under LTA to improve their living conditions and quality of life
When Deterrence Backfires: House Demolitions, Palestinian Radicalization, and Israeli Fatalities
Authors: Freedman Michael , Klor Esteban F.
Published: November 2022

Conflict points around the world involve government forces fighting terrorist groups. In this type of warfare, there is a danger that counterterrorist efforts may backfire, providing ammunition for additional cycles of violence. We study this issue focusing on selective and indiscriminate house demolitions employed by Israel during the Second Intifada. We exploit the temporal and spatial variation of this policy to assess its impact on Palestinians’ political views. We find that the civilian population does not react to punitive house demolitions, a selective form of counterterrorism. On the contrary, Palestinians are more likely to adopt more radical political opinions in response to precautionary house demolitions, an indiscriminate form of counterterrorism. We also show that political radicalization induced by indiscriminate counterterrorism leads to an increase in future terror attacks. Overall, our analysis provides explicit empirical support to the mechanism behind the positive correlation between indiscriminate counterterrorism and future levels of violence.
Marketing by Design: The Influence of Perceptual Structure on Brand Performance
Authors: Affonso Felipe M. , Janiszewski Chris
Published: November 2022

Visual marketing communications consist of two components: (1) semantic content (e.g., headings, images, copy) that communicates a brand's positioning, benefits, and personality and (2) visual design (e.g., font selection, image size, the organization of the content) that encourages inferences about brand claims. The authors investigate how visual design can be used to encourage inferences that support brand claims and improve brand performance. They find that brands with a utilitarian positioning perform better when the visual design of their marketing communications encourages structured perceptions, whereas brands with a hedonic positioning perform better when the visual design of their marketing communications encourages unstructured perceptions. In both cases, (un)structured perceptions encourage inferences that reinforce brand claims and, consequently, improve brand performance. This research offers actionable insights into how marketing communication specialists can coordinate logo design, product design, package design, visual merchandising, and retail environments to reinforce brand claims.
The quality of early caregiving and teacher-student relationships in grade school independently predict adolescent academic achievement
Authors: Magro Sophia W. , Nivison Marissa D. , Englund Michelle M. , Roisman Glenn I.
Published: November 2022

Prior research has demonstrated that teacher-student relationships characterized by high levels of closeness and low levels of conflict are associated with higher levels of academic achievement among children. At the same time: (a) some research suggests that the quality of teacher-student relationships in part reflects the quality of early caregiving, and (b) the observed quality of early care by primary caregivers robustly predicts subsequent academic achievement. Given the potential for associations between teacher-student relationship quality and academic achievement to thus be confounded by the quality of early parenting experiences, the present study examined to what extent children’s experiences in early life with primary caregivers (i.e., ages 3 to 42 months) and relationships with teachers during grade school (i.e., Kindergarten to Grade 6) were uniquely associated with an objective assessment of academic achievement at age 16 years in a sample born into poverty ( N = 267; 45% female; 65% White/non-Hispanic; 41% of mothers did not complete high school). Early maternal sensitivity, though a strong predictor of later academic achievement, was not reliably associated with either teacher-reports or interview-based assessments of teacher-student relationship quality in grade school. Nonetheless, early maternal sensitivity and teacher-student relationship quality were each uniquely associated with later academic achievement, above and beyond key demographic variables. Taken together, the present results highlight that the quality of children’s relationships with adults at home and at school independently, but not interactively, predicted later academic achievement in a high-risk sample.
Shakespeare, national memory, and tourist place: Gyula's Várszínház Festival
Authors: Ormsby Robert
Published: November 2022

This article examines the relationships between tourism, national identity, and Shakespearean performance at the Várszinház Festival in Gyula, Hungary. By hosting highly experimental Shakespearean productions, the Festival runs counter to the ethos of the town's other leisure activities. This article examines how a 2013 production of Hamlet and a 2016 production of Richard III, both staged in the courtyard of the medieval castle, exemplify the ways that Shakespeare can be made to play with and against this richly meaningful performance site. I will conclude by suggesting ways to think about such performance in relation Gyula's identity as a tourist place.
Automated Economic Welfare for Everyone? Examining Barriers to Adopting Robo-Advisors from the Perspective of Explainable Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Digmayer Claas
Published: November 2022

Robo-advisors (RAs) support economic decisions for customers using artificial intelligence (AI). RAs are gaining increasing significance but lack market penetration. A significant issue is the perceived low transparency of such AI systems. This study examines the public’s demands on RAs with text-mining methods from the perspective of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI).

The results reveal understandability and trustworthiness issues for each of the RA use phases (configuration, matching, and maintenance). In particular, five barriers emerge in RA if information needs remain unanswered: entry barrier, assessment barrier, evaluation barrier, continuation barrier and withdrawal barrier. The barriers can be mitigated by combining explanation, design and communication measures. The results are discussed regarding theoretical implications and practical recommendations for facilitating the adoption of RAs.

JEL: D8 (D81, D83, D89), G1 (G11), G2 (G20, G23), G4 (G41), I2 (I24, I25), O3 (O31, O33)
The Language of Adolescents in Depicting Migrants
Authors: Albarello Flavia , Crocetti Elisabetta , Golfieri Francesca , Rubini Monica
Published: November 2022

This study ( N = 161 Italian adolescents attending 11th and 12th grade of secondary school) investigated how adolescents linguistically portray migrants. Over a year and a half, the study considered whether positive factors known to reduce social discrimination – i.e., multiple categorization of migrants and/or respondent's identification with the human group – are associated with relatively unbiased linguistic descriptions of migrants . The coding system included three categories of terms referring to the outgroup: generalized/categorical definitions, individuating piecemeal information or membership in the human group. We found that adolescents who used multiple categorizations to describe migrants and self-identified with the human group (at T1) linguistically described migrants in human and individuating terms (at T2) to a higher extent. The findings are discussed underlying the implications of defining the self and outgroups in multiple complex ways through language, as an ecological means used by adolescents to communicate their views of others.
Theosis in the Ethiopian Tradition: A Preliminary Assessment
Authors: Samuelson Calum
Published: November 2022

This essay represents the first formal attempt to identify themes of theosis within the Ethiopian Orthodox Tawāḥǝdo Church (EOTC). The first half explores four historical phases in the development of the doctrine of theosis: Ancient Pagan, Biblical, Patristic, and Medieval and Modern. It is argued that theosis finds strong support in the biblical corpus but that it is best to clarify which historical type one has in view due to its complex development. The second half of the paper considers themes of theosis within three genres of Ethiopic literature: Hagiography, Liturgy, and National Epic. New discoveries and insights are leveraged in order to demonstrate that although theosis lacks a precise equivalent in Classical Ethiopic, the literature of the EOTC demonstrates a strong familiarity with the basic contours of the doctrine of deification.
The association between preoperative blood calcium and postoperative blood loss in patients undergoing heart valve replacement surgery
Authors: Li Mingke , Dai Yawei , Hu Shuai , Li Yansong , Lu Dasheng , Zheng Rui , Wang Kai
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Bleeding after heart valve surgery is a serious clinical challenge. Hypocalcemia has been associated with the extent of bleeding in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. However, the association between blood calcium levels and bleeding extent in heart valve replacement patients has not been clearly established. This study aimed at determining the association between blood calcium levels and perioperative hemorrhage after heart valve replacement therapy.

Methods

Based on preoperative blood calcium levels, patients were grouped into the hypocalcemia group and normocalcemia group. Postoperative bleeding, blood product use, and complications were monitored during hospitalization. The association between blood calcium levels and major bleeding was determined by multivariable logistic regression models.

Results

In the first 12 h after surgery, bleeding in hypocalcemia group was significantly larger than that of the normocalcemia group (338 ± 234 mL vs 232 ± 96 mL; p = .024). The outcome was the same when the overall chest tube output was considered (950 ± 447 mL vs 738 ± 220 mL; p = .038). The incidence of major bleeding was 65.91% in the hypocalcemia group and 18.97% in the normocalcemia group ( p = .001). Postoperative complications in the two groups were similar. After adjusting for multiple covariates, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) for participants in hypocalcemia group was 10.01 (95% CI 3.35–34.82), compared with that in normocalcemia group ( p < .001).

Conclusion

In patients undergoing heart valve surgery, preoperative blood concentrations of calcium are associated with postoperative blood loss. Hypocalcemia before operation may increase the risk of postoperative bleeding. When patients with valvular heart disease present with hypocalcemia before surgery, prompt intervention may lead to better control of postoperative bleeding.
An antitrust framework for housing
Authors: Tapp Renee , Peiser Richard
Published: November 2022

This article contributes to debates within the financialization literature by examining the rise of monopolies in the US’ rental housing market. Drawing on a dataset of multifamily real estate transactions taken from the poorest census tracts in the US (so-called Opportunity Zones), we develop an antitrust framework and methodology for measuring market structure in housing using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. After detailing the geography of these market dynamics, we assess the specific strategies firms use to acquire market power and extract monopoly rents. This analysis reveals three critical aspects of real estate investors’ anticompetitive conduct: integration between housing subsectors, acquisition strategies that rapidly scale up ownership, and corporate forms that promote cooperation. The framework developed in this article and subsequent findings offer three directions policymakers, regulators, and activists can take to reform antitrust law and better ensure affordable housing.
Imprinting the economy: The structural power of venture capital
Authors: Cooiman Franziska
Published: November 2022

This article analytically links asset management and the digital economy by analyzing the structural power of venture capital (VC) investors. Therefore, I propose the notion of imprinting, which describes how financial actors, enabled by their structural position, shape businesses according to their specific logic. Concretely, I argue that VCs’ logic is one of assetization, whereby VCs turn startups into assets for themselves and their capital providers. To do so, VCs seek hypergrowth, selecting only companies with the potential to grow fast and large and decouple financial value from business fundamentals. Instead of the threat of exit, VCs establish direct and indirect channels of control: legally, via preferred shareholder rights, board seats, and payout conditionality; and as participatory capital, offering operational advice and access to their network. The article contributes to a nuanced understanding of financial sector power in contemporary capitalism.
Battery Electric Vehicles Network Equilibrium With Flow-Dependent Energy Consumption
Authors: Niroumand Ramin , Bahrami Sina , Aashtiani Hedayat Z. , Hajbabaie Ali
Published: November 2022

Recent studies show that energy consumption of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) increases in traffic congestion. Therefore, it is important to consider the effect of link flow on BEV energy consumption. The flow-dependent energy consumption changes the route choice and user equilibrium conditions. In this paper, some shortcomings of available BEV flow-dependent energy consumption user equilibrium models are shown first. Then, “sufficient” as well as “sufficient and necessary” user equilibrium based on the generalized travel time of each path and sub-path penalties are defined and modeled for flow-dependent energy consumption. While it is difficult to solve the sufficient and necessary model, the sufficient model can be solved directly with commercial solvers for small to medium-sized networks by generating all paths. An iterative algorithm is also presented to generate paths as required to solve the problem for larger networks. Numerical examples demonstrate the model and proposed algorithm, and analyze the impact of flow-dependent energy consumption on equilibrium conditions.
Head-Up Display Graphic Warning to Support Collision Avoidance: Effect of Graphic Animation and Border on Driving Behavior and Eye Movement Pattern
Authors: Wang Yuwei , Song Jiaqing , An Xiaojiang , Ma Shu , Li Hongting , Wang Duming , Yang Zhen
Published: November 2022

Several studies have determined the positive effect of head-up display (HUD) graphic warning to support collision avoidance. However, the visual complexity of the graphic warning may overburden the driver. Design principles and empirical evidence suggest that animation and border designs may increase visual saliency and reduce the visual complexity of graphic warnings. This study aimed to examine the effects of animation (within-subject factors: animated/non-animated) and border (within-subject factors: with/without border) on drivers’ attention and driving performance. Thirty drivers (19 females) experienced five warning conditions (the no-warning condition was the baseline condition) in simulated driving conditions. The results showed the positive effects of animation and border designs on the visual detection time (animation: 25.64% reduction; border: 6.73% reduction) and attention allocation strategies (animation: 9.53% less dwell time on the warning; border: 6.62% less dwell time on the warning) when compared with the original HUD warning. We only observed a positive effect of borders on brake reaction time (17.14% reduction). However, the positive effect of the border design on brake reaction time was only observed in the non-animated warning condition, and not in the animated warning condition. A limitation of the study is that the results were generated from young and inexperienced drivers, and they should be generalized to other driver groups only with caution. Overall, we recommend using non-animated warnings with borders in conditions that require fast reactions, and animated warnings with borders in conditions that require a superior attention strategy.
Compression properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer grid sandwich structure
Authors: Wei Shiyi , Guo Zhangxin , Shi Haolin , Chai Gin Boay , Li Yongcun , Luan Yunbo
Published: November 2022

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) grid sandwich structure with four different grid configurations was prepared using the interlocking assembly process in the present work. All test specimens were subjected to quasi-static out-of-plane uniform compression. The equivalent density, height, geometric configuration, and other factors of the structural core layer were analyzed, and their effects on the failure mode, damage mechanism, and energy absorption characteristics of CFRP grid sandwich structure were discussed. The results showed that there are four distinct stages in the load versus displacement curve of CFRP grid sandwich structure specimens subjected to uniform compression, namely, preloading stage, elastic stage, load drop stage, and platform stage. The main failure modes of CFRP grid sandwich structure are the local buckling and compression fracture of the core rib. The failure load, compression strength, breaking absorbed energy, and specific absorbed energy of CFRP grid sandwich structure are positively correlated with the equivalent density of the structure core layer, and negatively correlated with the height of the structure core layer. When the equivalent density of the core layer of the Mixed CFRP grid sandwich structure was increased by 10 kg/m3, the compressive strength and specific energy absorption of the structure increased by about 5.08 MPa and 186.79 mJ, respectively, and when the core layer height was increased by 10 mm, the compressive strength and specific energy absorption decreased by about 12.04 MPa and 67.39 mJ, respectively; The strength and stability of the Mixed CFRP grid sandwich structure are significantly higher than those of the Triangular, Diamond, and Square CFRP grid sandwich structures.
A Qualitative Description of Direct Care Workers of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Older Adults
Authors: May Jennifer T. , Rainbow Jessica G.
Published: November 2022

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine direct care worker (DCW) perceptions of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) older adults living in long-term care, assisted living, and home health settings. DCWs provide the closest interaction with LGBT older adults in these settings. The perceptions DCWs have toward LGBT older adults is important because the quality of care can be influenced by negative attitudes. Methodology: Qualitative description was used to synthesize what is known about DCWs’ perceptions toward LGBT older adults. Results: The overarching theme, “Care is Different, but Not my Care,” was supported by the categories Cues of Stereotyping, Cues of Prejudice, and DCWs’ Social System and Reported Care. Application: Specific implications for practice (i.e., training, recruitment, retention strategies) and policy (i.e., mandated staffing ratios, pay) are explicated to guide future interventions to ensure equitable, quality care in health care.
Knowledge and Perceptions of Competency-Based Medical Education in Diagnostic Radiology Post-Graduate Medical Education: Identifying Priorities and Developing a Framework for Professional Development Activities
Authors: Bentley Helena , Darras Kathryn E. , Forster Bruce B. , Probyn Linda , Sedlic Anto , Hague Cameron J.
Published: November 2022

Introduction: We evaluated knowledge and perceptions of an established Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) model developed by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Competence by Design (CBD), and identified evidence-informed priorities for professional development activities (PDAs). Materials and Methods: Teaching faculty and residents at a single, large diagnostic radiology post-graduate medical education (PGME) program were eligible to participate in this cross-sectional, survey-based study. Knowledge of CBD was evaluated through multiple choice questions (MCQs), which assessed participants’ understanding of major principles and terms associated with CBD. Participants’ perceptions of the anticipated impact of CBD on resident education and patient care were evaluated and priorities for PDAs were identified, which informed a framework for CBD PDAs. Results: Fifty faculty and residents participated. The faculty and resident response rates were 11.6% (n = 29/249) and 55.3% (n = 21/38), respectively. The mean ± standard deviation overall score on MCQs was 39.0% ± 20.4%. The majority of participants perceived the impact of CBD on resident education to be equivocal and to not impact patient care. Knowledge of CBD was not statistically significantly associated with participants’ perceptions of the impact of CBD on either resident education or patient care ( P > .05). Delivery of high-quality feedback was the greatest priority identified for PDAs. Discussion: Our results and proposed CBD PDAs framework may help to guide diagnostic radiology PGME programs in designing evidence-informed PDAs, which may meaningfully contribute to the successful implementation of CBD in diagnostic radiology PGME. As diagnostic radiology PGME programs throughout the world increasingly implement CBME models, evidence-informed PDAs will become of increasing importance.
Russia, the Western Balkans, and the Question of Status
Authors: Šćepanović Janko
Published: November 2022

This paper reassesses Russia’s policy vis-à-vis the Western Balkans in terms of its pursuit of status. The region has been historically significant to Russia. It saw centuries of interaction between rulers in Moscow (or St. Petersburg) with the local Orthodox Slavs and other great powers of the day. Following the end of the Cold War, the Russian state emerged as a very different entity from imperial Russia or the Soviet Union. In the Western Balkans, it found a stage for not just rekindling centuries-long ties but also rebuilding its image as a great power in cooperation and, as this paper shows, increasing competition with primarily the West. However, as this research attests by referring to the Larson–Shevchenko framework of the Social Identity Theory (SIT), status must be conferred through a voluntary recognition by other great powers, which recognize status-aspirant’s actions as non-threatening to their standing and as having a positive value. So far, Russia’s Balkan policies have primarily been seen negatively as either promoting retrograde ideology or outright spoiler behavior.
Infant Exposure to Armodafinil Through Human Milk Following Maternal Use of Modafinil
Authors: Leggett Catherine , Ritchie Usha , Costi Lynn , Elliot David , Mangoni Arduino A , Hague William M.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Narcolepsy, a condition adversely affecting psychological, social, and cognitive function, is more prevalent in females of childbearing age than the general population. Modafinil and armodafinil are central nervous system stimulants approved for treatment of narcolepsy. Infant exposure to these agents through human milk has not been investigated. Poor quality medication safety information during lactation is associated with early cessation of breastfeeding and suboptimal healthcare for the breastfeeding family.

Main Issue

In this case study, we measured the concentration of armodafinil (the most active form of modafinil) in human milk and infant plasma to quantify infant exposure.

Management

The participant was a 30-year-old primipara with narcolepsy, taking modafinil (300 mg morning, 100 mg noon) while breastfeeding her 6-week-old infant despite the paucity of safety information. Armodafinil concentrations were measured in eight serial human milk samples collected over a 26-hr period and in single maternal and infant plasma samples using ultra performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. The average concentration of armodafinil in human milk was 1.96 mg/L; the relative infant dose was 4.85%; the theoretical infant dose was 0.294 mg/kg/day. Maternal and infant plasma concentrations of armodafinil were 12.02 mg/L and 0.19 mg/L, respectively. The participant continued to exclusively breastfeed the infant, who had normal growth and development.

Conclusion

Based on these findings, relatively small amounts of armodafinil pass into human milk, with consequent limited infant exposure. Consideration can be given to the use of modafinil or armodafinil during breastfeeding, provided the infant is monitored. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Seize the Time: Needed Research on Local Economic Development in an Era of Increased Attention to Problems of Place
Authors: Bartik Tim
Published: November 2022

Within the policy area of local economic development, this paper identifies five research needs: 1) better definitions of local labor markets; 2) policy know-how on how local economic development’s benefits can be spread to distressed neighborhoods; 3) evidence on what types of jobs have both good growth prospects and also provide long-run job opportunities for U.S. workers who lack a bachelor‘s degree; 4) estimates of how local worker skill-upgrading programs, or worker attraction programs, affect local labor market outcomes; and 5) more rigorous evaluation of both customized business services provided to individual firms and more comprehensive regional economic development strategies.
Political Considerations for Establishing Research-Practice Partnerships in Pursuit of Equity: Organizations, Projects, and Relationships
Authors: Anderson Eleanor R.
Published: November 2022

If the RPP field is to bring our stated commitments to equity to life, it will require engagement with the political dimensions of RPP work, starting at the outset when a partnership is being established. In particular, prospective members must consider how the research process and products might (or might not) lead to more equitable systems. Recognizing that RPP work centering equity sits at the intersection of distinct intellectual genealogies, I argue that research and activist traditions drawing on critical and decolonial traditions—often overlooked in RPP literature—provide particularly relevant insights. Working through questions relevant to the establishment of an RPP on organizational, project-level, and relational dimensions, analyses and examples drawn from scholars, as well as journalists, organizers, educators, and young people illustrate the political considerations inherent in each. I close with implications for new and existing RPPs and directions for future research on RPPs as a methodology.
Designing for a Productive Politics of Participation in Research Practice Partnerships
Authors: Booker Angela
Published: November 2022

This article considers contested conceptions of community and trajectories toward full participation in research-practice partnerships (RPPs) as key analytical aspects for studying a productive politics of participation. RPPs, as methodology and infrastructure for community participation, frequently surface the character of participation in intersecting communities of practice—making them visible and actionable. I examine two youth-serving RPPs. This analysis considers youth digital media projects as strategies for increasing participation and renegotiating power relations. Findings signal RPPs can help discern the degree to which young people are held on the periphery in communities of practice where marginalizing relations can be reinforced.
Indigenous Students and English Learner Identification: A Fifty-State Policy Review
Authors: Umansky Ilana M. , Itoh Taiyo , Carjuzaa Jioanna
Published: November 2022

English learner (EL) education is widely conceived as services for immigrant-origin students, however nearly one in ten American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian students are classified in school as EL. Title III of the Every Student Succeeds Act (2015) defines EL eligibility differently for Indigenous, compared to non-Indigenous, students with implications for who is identified as an EL and how best to serve their academic and linguistic interests. This study presents findings from a 50-state review of Indigenous EL identification policy. We find that states fall into four categories ranging from no differentiation in Indigenous EL identification to clear differentiation. We describe each of these four categories and conclude with reflections on how this wide variation in state policies has implications for Indigenous students’ educational resources and experiences.
Comparison of the CEL and ALE approaches for the simulation of orthogonal cutting of 15-5PH and 42CrMo4 materials
Authors: Aridhi Abderrahmen , Perard Thomas , Valiorgue Frederic , Courbon Cédric , Rech Joel , Brosse Alexandre , Girinon Mathieu , Truffart Bertrand , Karaouni Habib
Published: November 2022

The modeling of cutting processes by the finite element method represents a great challenge for scientific researchers. Indeed, the plastic strain and strain rate in cutting induce a high risk of mesh distortion, especially for models based on a Lagrangian formulation which were the first to be developed. To overcome this problem other formulations, such as the Arbitrary Eulerian-Lagrangian (ALE), which is a combination of the classical formulations (Eulerian and Lagrangian), have been developed. Despite very interesting results in the simulation of orthogonal cutting, the implementation of this type of model remains delicate, and in particular the choice of initial geometrical conditions which can lead to a sudden stop of the calculation induced by a mesh distortion. To overcome these limitations, the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) approach has been developed to simulate the orthogonal cutting process. In this paper, the CEL and ALE approaches were compared to simulate the orthogonal cutting process. The first objective was to compare the quality of the predicted physical quantities (forces, chips) over a wide range of cutting speeds and cutting thicknesses for two different materials. The second objective was to evaluate the time required for a complete simulation, integrating the time to set up the initial conditions (chip geometry) and finally the computation time of the machining operation. This work has shown that ALE and CEL formulations lead to very similar quantitative results that are pretty close to the experimental results. The ALE formulation has the advantage of having a reduced computation time compared to the CEL formulation. However, the preparation of the simulation is easy and robust for the CEL, whereas the selection of initial geometrical conditions for the ALE calculation requires several trials and errors before finding stable conditions. The CEL formulation is therefore a solution to be favored when launching several simulations in an automated way thanks to its reliability.
An experimental method for evaluating vehicle cabin airtightness and ventilation performance
Authors: Chang Tong-Bou , Sheu Jer-Jia , Huang Jhong-Wei
Published: November 2022

An experimental method is proposed for evaluating the airtightness of a vehicle cabin and the ventilation effects of three components of the vehicle ventilation system. The measurement results are used to derive a theoretical equation to predict the total air infiltration rate of the cabin as a function of the pressure difference between the cabin interior and exterior, respectively. The validity of the predictive equation is demonstrated by means of fan pressurization experiments performed with the vehicle air-conditioning system set in the fresh air mode. It is shown that the prediction results for the total ventilation rate deviate from the experimental results by less than 10%. The infiltration ventilation effect of natural diffusion in the vehicle cabin is measured using the CO2 tracer gas method. The air exchange rate (ACH) of the cabin is found to be 0.816 in the recirculation air mode and 3.554 in the fresh air mode.
Regularization approaches in clinical biostatistics: A review of methods and their applications
Authors: Friedrich Sarah , Groll Andreas , Ickstadt Katja , Kneib Thomas , Pauly Markus , Rahnenführer Jörg , Friede Tim
Published: November 2022

A range of regularization approaches have been proposed in the data sciences to overcome overfitting, to exploit sparsity or to improve prediction. Using a broad definition of regularization, namely controlling model complexity by adding information in order to solve ill-posed problems or to prevent overfitting, we review a range of approaches within this framework including penalization, early stopping, ensembling and model averaging. Aspects of their practical implementation are discussed including available R-packages and examples are provided. To assess the extent to which these approaches are used in medicine, we conducted a review of three general medical journals. It revealed that regularization approaches are rarely applied in practical clinical applications, with the exception of random effects models. Hence, we suggest a more frequent use of regularization approaches in medical research. In situations where also other approaches work well, the only downside of the regularization approaches is increased complexity in the conduct of the analyses which can pose challenges in terms of computational resources and expertise on the side of the data analyst. In our view, both can and should be overcome by investments in appropriate computing facilities and educational resources.
New Histories of Gender, Mobility and Labour: India and the Indian Diaspora
Authors: Burton Antoinette
Published: November 2022

This essay introduces the themes of the special issue, with particular attention to the work of gender in restructuring social, economic and political histories.
The “Boys’ Club”, sexual harassment, and discriminatory resourcing: An exploration of the barriers faced by women sport officials in Australian basketball
Authors: Marshall Samantha , McNeil Nicola , Seal Emma-Louise , Nicholson Matthew
Published: November 2022

Sport official's experience of abuse in their role is well documented, but the additional gendered barriers that women officials face are not. This study used Concept Mapping to explore the most important and frequent barriers that women referees and officials in Australian basketball face. Results were analyzed according to the Socio-Ecological Framework with a feminist lens, which demonstrated the complexity and interconnectedness of barriers between different levels. While participants were not specifically asked about gendered experiences, the results indicated that barriers were overwhelmingly gendered at every level, including discriminatory resourcing, lack of senior women, and concerningly, incidents of sexual harassment. This research sheds new light on the experience of women officials and the organizational and societal barriers that limit their careers and make their workplace unsafe. Finally, it discusses where the locus of responsibility lies in addressing these issues for women sport officials, placing emphasis on the role of organizations.
Reduce, re-use, re-ride: Bike waste and moving towards a circular economy for sporting goods
Authors: Szto Courtney , Wilson Brian
Published: November 2022

What happens to our sporting goods when we are done with them? Even though Sustainable Development Goal 12 focuses on responsible consumption and production, very few in the sports industry (and academy) have asked this question. With environmental degradation now a daily concern around the world, we can no longer produce and consume sporting goods without considering the end-of-use stage for these products. This study focuses on the bike and its role in global waste accumulation through various forms of planned obsolescence. Through interviews with experts in and around the bike industry and waste management, we provide insight into the environmental barriers that are structural and specific to the bike industry. We then advocate for extended producer responsibility and the circular economy as an imperfect but radical alternative future.
A study of Michelangelo's David from an accountability perspective: Antecedents of dialogic accounting in the early Florentine Renaissance
Authors: Manetti Giacomo , Bellucci Marco , Nitti Carmela , Bagnoli Luca
Published: November 2022

This article contributes to the accounting history literature through an investigation of the realisation and placement of Michelangelo's David from an accountability perspective. Using a contextual approach to thematic archival research, we explore whether and how early dialogic accounting (DA) tools were adopted by a hybrid organisation – the Opera of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence – during the period of the statute of David's realisation (1501−1504). Through our analysis of primary and secondary sources, this study sheds light on an early Renaissance accountability system that was based on consensus building and DA. The novel contribution of this study is thus threefold. First, this article adds an early Renaissance analysis to the literature concerning DA. Second, we reveal a new strand of research for accounting historians in regard to the historical period and context of this study. Third, we extend the literature's focus to a hybrid organisation that was financed by the Republic of Florence, associated with the Church and managed by commercial guilds.
Damaging Mutations in AFDN Contribute to Risk of Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate
Authors: Awotoye Waheed , Mossey Peter A , Hetmanski Jacqueline B , Gowans Lord J J , Eshete Mekonen A , Adeyemo Wasiu L , Alade Azeez , Zeng Erliang , Adamson Olawale , James Olutayo , Fashina Azeez , Ogunlewe Modupe O , Naicker Thirona , Adeleke Chinyere , Busch Tamara , Li Mary , Petrin Aline , Oladayo Abimbola , Kayali Sami , Olotu Joy , Sule Veronica , Hassan Mohaned , Pape John , Aladenika Emmanuel T , Donkor Peter , Arthur Fareed K N , Obiri-Yeboah Solomon , Sabbah Daniel K , Agbenorku Pius , Ray Debashree , Plange-Rhule Gyikua , Oti Alexander Acheampong , Albokhari Daniah , Sobreira Nara , Dunnwald Martine , Beaty Terri H , Taub Margaret , Marazita Mary L , Adeyemo Adebowale A , Murray Jeffrey C , Butali Azeez
Published: November 2022

Novel or rare damaging mutations have been implicated in the developmental pathogenesis of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL ± P). Thus, we investigated the human genome for high-impact mutations that could explain the risk of nsCL ± P in our cohorts.

We conducted next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of 130 nsCL ± P case-parent African trios to identify pathogenic variants that contribute to the risk of clefting. We replicated this analysis using whole-exome sequence data from a Brazilian nsCL ± P cohort. Computational analyses were then used to predict the mechanism by which these variants could result in increased risks for nsCL ± P.

We discovered damaging mutations within the AFDN gene, a cell adhesion molecule (CAMs) that was previously shown to contribute to cleft palate in mice. These mutations include p.Met1164Ile, p.Thr453Asn, p.Pro1638Ala, p.Arg669Gln, p.Ala1717Val, and p.Arg1596His. We also discovered a novel splicing p.Leu1588Leu mutation in this protein. Computational analysis suggests that these amino acid changes affect the interactions with other cleft-associated genes including nectins (PVRL1, PVRL2, PVRL3, and PVRL4) CDH1, CTNNA1, and CTNND1.

This is the first report on the contribution of AFDN to the risk for nsCL ± P in humans. AFDN encodes AFADIN, an important CAM that forms calcium-independent complexes with nectins 1 and 4 (encoded by the genes PVRL1 and PVRL4). This discovery shows the power of NGS analysis of multiethnic cleft samples in combination with a computational approach in the understanding of the pathogenesis of nsCL ± P.
Researchers’ Public Engagement in the Context of Interdisciplinary Research Programs: Learning and Reflection from Boundary Crossing
Authors: Hendriks Friederike , Bromme Rainer
Published: November 2022

Outreach activities might facilitate researchers’ boundary crossing not only between science and society but also between disciplines. This offers opportunities for learning and reflection on the individual and the organizational level, resulting in what we call retroactive effects. We questioned N = 75 researchers of two interdisciplinary research programs. Researchers reported positive retroactive effects on their enjoyment of and skills for engaging in outreach activities (OA) and partly agreed that OA had benefited interdisciplinary communication and networking within the research program. However, doctoral researchers were hesitant toward public engagement, compared with postdoctoral researchers and professors. This research allows implications for fostering the role of researchers in institutional communication efforts.
In the Depths: Synergies Between the Doctoral Experience and Life in Hong Kong
Authors: Ridgway Alexandra
Published: November 2022

The process of gaining a PhD does not occur in isolation; it is situated within and against the contexts doctoral students find themselves in at any given time. Through sharing three diary entries penned in the depths of my PhD in Hong Kong in 2017, I highlight the interconnections between particularly memorable events and junctures within my doctoral journey. In so doing, I reveal the importance of journaling for identifying the echoes between personal and graduate school experiences to understand the complex terrain of doctoral life.
Social-Emotional and Behavioral Support for First- and Second-Grade Black Learners at Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Problems
Authors: Campbell Aaron Rachelle , Sallese Mary Rose , Thompson Julie L. , Burke Mack D. , Allen Meghan L.
Published: November 2022

There is a need to provide evidence-based social, emotional, and behavioral interventions for learners at risk for emotional and behavioral problems. Evidence-based interventions for social and emotional success are especially necessary for Black learners with emotional or behavioral problems. In the current study, we used a multiple-baseline design time-lagged across groups (i.e., classrooms) to examine the effects of a culturally adapted version of the Strong Start curriculum plus Check-In/Check-Out on externalizing problem behaviors of 18 first-grade and second-grade Black learners. Results indicate a functional relation between the intervention package and externalizing problem behaviors. Additionally, post-intervention social validity assessment indicates that participating teachers viewed the intervention package as feasible and participating learners reported a positive experience.
Accommodative spasm and its different treatment approaches: A systematic review
Authors: Manna Prithwis , Karmakar Sourav , Bhardwaj Gaurav Kumar , Mondal Animesh
Published: November 2022

This article is about the accommodation spasm. The primary rule for near vision is ciliary muscle constriction, synchronised convergence of both eyes, and pupil constriction. Any weaknesses in these components could result in an accommodative spasm. Variable retinoscopic reflex, unstable refractive error, and lead of accommodation in near retinoscopy are common causes of spasm. We conducted a thorough literature search in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases for published journals prior to June 2022, with no data limitations. This review contains twenty-eight case reports, six cohort studies, four book references, four review articles, and two comparative studies after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The majority of studies looked at accommodative spasm, near reflex spasm, and pseudomyopia. The most common causes of accommodative spasm are excessive close work, emotional distress, head injury, and strabismus. Despite side effects or an insufficient regimen, cycloplegic drops are effective in diagnosing accommodation spasm. The modified optical fogging technique is also effective and may be an option for treating accommodative spasm symptoms. Bifocals for near work, manifest refraction, base-in prisms, and vision therapy are some of the other management options. As a result, it requires a comprehensive clinical treatment strategy. This review aims to investigate the various aetiology and treatments responsible for accommodative spasm and proposes widely implementing the modified optical fogging method and vision therapy in clinics as comprehensive management to reduce the future upward trend of accommodative spasm.