bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilisation of Scholarly Communication through DRDO E-journal Consortium during 2012-2017
Authors: Modi Yogesh , Suri Alka , Gupta Pallavi , Sahu Ravi Karan
Published: December 2018

Timely, speedy dissemination of latest information is the benchmark of any information and documentation center, but utilisation of e-journals is an important factor for its significance and cost effectiveness. However, in R&D community especially for defence R&D, where scientists are involved in core technology areas, value of information is more important instead of its utilisation. The aim of the study is to find out the utilisation of e-journals with cost effectiveness under Consortium, which was established in the year 2009 for resource sharing among DRDO labs with least expenses. The data was analysed for the period 2011-2017 to know the current trends of utilisation under Consortium. Feedbacks and suggestions were collected from all DRDO users to evaluate the importance of information and its effectiveness. The study shows that productivity of DRDO scientists in publications were increased in high impact factor journal and majority of scientists preferred e-journals instead of print subscriptions.
Analysis and Parameter Identification of Automatic Cannon Carriages
Authors: Balla Jiri , Krist Zbynek , Racek Frantisek , Melsa Pavel , Neumann Vlastimil , Le Cong Ich
Published: December 2018

Experimental procedures for the research of vibrations in automatic weapons mounted on combat vehicles is introduced. Experiment preparation procedures, experience and examples of evaluation of measured results in direct fire from a tracked combat vehicle are explained on BMP-2 IFV example. The result is the movements of the turret and the hull of a combat vehicle in single shot firing, and short and long burst firing. In addition to time domain analysis, methods of correlation and spectral analysis are used. Live firing experiments are complemented by laboratory experiments and are used to determine model parameters for calculations such as stiffness and damping in the suspensions of the hull, elevation parts, clearance in the elevating gear, and the natural vibration frequency of the hull and elevation parts.
Evolutionary trends in Transmit/Receive Module for Active Phased Array Radars
Authors: Rathod Somsing , Sreenivasulu Kilari , Beenamole KS , Ray KP
Published: December 2018

Worldwide, defense technologies are rapidly evolving and are currently aiming at integrating diverse functionalities like Radar, Electronic Warfare, Communications, etc., on a singular miniaturized platform. Hence, it cannot be denied that the advancements in modern Active Phased Array Radar technologies assume a critical role towards the achievement of this goal. A typical Active Phased Array Radar comprises of an Active Antenna Array Unit (AAAU) consisting of a large number of radiating elements, Transmit/Receive (T/R) Modules with other associated RF and digital circuitry and power electronics.  This paper presents mainly the developments in Transmit/Receive (T/R) Module technology, which assimilates various stages of the technological evolution - past, current and futuristic. It discusses how these technologies contribute towards the improvement of efficiency, miniaturization and reliability without compromising its performance parameters.
Detection and Identification of Camouflaged Targets using Hyperspectral and LiDAR data
Authors: Yadav Deepti , Arora Manoj Kumar , Tiwari Kailash Chandra , Ghosh Jayanta Kumar
Published: December 2018

Camouflaging is the process of merging the target with the background with the aim to reduce/delay its detection. It can be done using different materials/methods such as camouflaging nets, paints. Defence applications often require quick detection of camouflaged targets in a dynamic battlefield scenario. Though HSI data may facilitate detection of camouflaged targets but detection gets complicated due to issues (spectral variability, dimensionality). This paper presents a framework for detection of camouflaged target that allows military analysts to coordinate and utilise the expert knowledge for resolving camouflaged targets using remotely sensed data. Desired camouflaged target (set of three chairs as a target under a camouflaging net) has been resolved in three steps: First, hyperspectral data processing helps to detect the locations of potential camouflaged targets. It narrows down the location of the potential camouflaged targets by detecting camouflaging net using Independent component analysis and spectral matching algorithms. Second, detection and identification have been performed using LiDAR point cloud classification and morphological analysis. HSI processing helps to discard the redundant majority of LiDAR point clouds and support detailed analysis of only the minute portion of the point cloud data the system deems relevant. This facilitates extraction of salient features of the potential camouflaged target. Lastly, the decisions obtained have been fused to infer the identity of the desired targets. The experimental results indicate that the proposed approach may be used to successfully resolve camouflaged target assuming some a priori knowledge about the morphology of targets likely to be present. 
What is diverse enough? How “intentionally diverse” charter schools recruit and retain students
Authors: Jabbar Huriya , Wilson Terri S.
Published: December 2018

School choice has the potential to be a tool for desegregation, but research suggests that choice more often exacerbates segregation than remedies it. In the past several years, hundreds of ‘intentionally diverse’ charter schools have opened across the country, potentially countering the link between charter schools and segregation. Yet, these schools raise important questions about choice, segregation, and equity. For instance: how do leaders of diverse charter schools prioritize diversity in decisions about location, marketing, and recruitment? What are the implications of these diversity efforts for equity, especially within competitive and marketized educational contexts? We explore the concrete recruiting and marketing strategies schools used to build and retain their diverse communities, drawing on qualitative data from New Orleans, LA, and Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN. We identify key strategies used by school leaders, but also note that many strategies were ad-hoc and experimental. Furthermore, we noted that school goals around “how much” diversity was sufficient were often unarticulated, making schools susceptible to external pressures that might refocus attention away from equity and diversity, or allow groups with more power to shape agendas within the school. Finally, we find that contexts of gentrification and widening economic inequities threatened schools’ efforts to recruit and maintain a diverse student body. We discuss implications for leaders of diverse charter schools and other leaders seeking to diversify their student bodies, as well as policymakers and charter authorizers.
Investigating communication skills in adults according to gender, age and personality
Yetişkinlerin cinsiyetlerine, yaşlarına ve kişilik özelliklerine göre iletişim becerilerinin incelenmesi
Authors: Korkut Owen Fidan , Demirbaş Çelik Nur
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine whether communication skills of adults are different in terms of gender and age and to reveal that personality traits predict communication skills. For this purpose data were collected from 187 adults whose ages were ranging between 22 and 46 by Communication Skills Scale-Adult Form (and Five Factor Inventory. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 20 via t test, one way ANOVA and stepwise regression. In the result of analysis, it was determined that the total score of female’s communication skills get higher scores than males in the subscale of active listening and non-verbal communication and complying with the communication principles. There were differences only caring communication dimension by age. According to this, it was found that pay attention to communication increases as age increases. It was determined that about 17.8% of total score in communication skills were explained by extraversion and conscientiousness personality traits.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı yetişkinlerin cinsiyet ve yaşlarına göre iletişim becerilerinin farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını belirlemek ve kişilik özelliklerinin iletişim becerilerini yordayıcılığını ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla yaşları 22 ile 46 arasında değişen 187 yetişkinden İletişim Becerileri Ölçeği-Yetişkin Formu Beş Faktör Kişilik Ölçeği aracılığıyla veri toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizi SPSS 20 programı kullanılarak t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, aşamalı regresyon yapılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda kadınların toplam iletişim becerileri puanının, etkin dinleme ve sözel olmayan iletişim ile iletişim ilkelerine uyma alt boyutundan elde edilen puanların erkeklerin puanlarından istatistiksel olarak düzeyde yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yaşa göre yalnızca iletişime özen gösterme boyutunda, daha ileri yaştakiler lehine farklılıklar vardır. Toplam iletişim becerileri puanının %17.8’inin, dışadönüklük ve özdenetim kişilik faktörleri ile açıklandığı belirlenmiştir.
SPEECH ACTS OF THE BRONTE SISTERS’ CHARACTERS
Authors: Suryanovika Citra , Manda Negara Irma
Published: December 2018

The study was under descriptive qualitative research to identify the most dominant speech act of the Bronte Sisters’ characters. The researchers collected 3,322 utterances from six characters of Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre (Jane Eyre and Edward Rochester), Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights (Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw), and Anne Bronte’s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (Gilbert Markham and Helen Graham). MAXQDA 2018 supported the data analysis procedure; thus, coding was used in identifying speech acts. After coding implemented, the researchers analyzed the coding by using qualitative and quantitave compare groups, as well as document comparison chart in MAXQDA 2018 to check the most dominant use of speech acts in all characters. The study found that directive speech act is the most dominant speech act found in the Bronte sisters’ characters, while the declarative speech act is the least speech act. Speech acts of the Bronte sisters’ characters was expressed in declarative, interrogative and imperative forms.  Besides, speech acts in these novels highlight the use of address term, epithet, expression (verb, adjective, modal verbs), exclamation, conditional clauses, hedges and affirmative answer.
MENYIBAK CITRA PEREMPUAN DALAM CERPEN “MARIA “ ( SEBUAH KAJIAN SASTRA FEMINISME )
Authors: Mulyadi Budi
Published: December 2018

The title of this research is The image of women Maria’short story.  The purpose of this paper is to explain how the short story writer describes the strugle of the women named Maria who struggles against gender injustice. This paper is research model that use literary review research model to collect the dataThe paper shows that The woman named Maria who became the rule main in this story is described as a strong women who always struggle to show that the women also have the power to live independenly without depen on man.In this short story maria is described as women who has interesting personality eventhough phsphysicallynot is described not so pretty. Maria has adult thinking, independent, strong principle, brave, loyal friend. Maria hates the view that  the womenis is weak creature. Maria is a women who dare to fight  the male domination. Maria is a women who are very loyal to husband
Ecological sustainability of smallholder dairy farm with Leisa pattern
Authors: Asminaya N. S. , Purwanto B. P. , Nahrowi N. , Ridwan W. A. , Atabany A.
Published: December 2018

This study was conducted to determine the sustainability status of smallholder dairy farms applying Low External Input Sustainable Agriculture (LEISA) pattern, and to formulate sustainable model. Eight smallholder dairy farms located in livestock business area (KUNAK) were purposive selectedwith criteria was they had 11 heads dairy cows, planted an elephant grass, dispose the manure to grassland, did not use chemicals fertilizer, 4250 m2 land area of dairy farming. Data were analyzed by: 1) attribute determination, 2) ordinal scale determination based on sustainability criteria;3) data analysis (Rap Dairy software);4) assessment of index and sustainability status;5) review sensitive attributes (leverage analysis)and 6) validation model (Monte Carloand Square Correlation (SQR) analysis). Attributes and ordinal scale on ecological sustainability weredensityof dairy cow, carrying capacity, supply water, drainage cages, soil fertility, topography, rainfall, humidity, temperature and altitude. Results of Rap Dairy analysis showed that smallholder dairy farms who apply LEISA pattern ecologically was quite sustainable with index of 57.95.The index could be increased to 88.39 (sustainable) through model simulation with respect to sensitive attributes. The results of Leverage analysis showedthat topography, densityof dairy cow, carrying capacity, supply water availability were sensitive attributes.Analysis Monte Carlo and SQR showedthat model could explain data well.
La práctica de la interpretación árabe-español en las Naciones Unidas y la Unión Africana y sus implicaciones para la formación / The practice of arabic-spanish interpreting at the United Nations and the African Union and implications for training
Authors: Rayaa Bachir Mahyub
Published: December 2018

El español y el árabe son lenguas oficiales tanto de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) como de la Unión Africana (UA). Dado su interés profesional para el alumnado de la combinación lingüística árabe-español (AR-ES), quisimos explorar la práctica de la interpretación entre ambas lenguas en los dos organismos. Ante la escasez de literatura previa, optamos por el método de la entrevista con guion. Para ello, contamos con la colaboración de dos sujetos de la ONU y dos de la UA. En esta contribución, que emana de nuestra tesis doctoral defendida el 12/03/2015 (Mahyub Rayaa, 2015), partimos del interés que ambas instituciones suscitan como proveedores de interpretación y como una posible salida profesional para los alumnos que formamos en interpretación AR-ES. De este modo, analizar la práctica de la interpretación entre estas lenguas se revela de gran interés académico y profesional. Los resultados obtenidos arrojan datos sorprendentes a la vez que novedosos: la práctica de la interpretación AR-ES en la ONU rara vez se da de forma directa. Para verter entre el árabe y el español se recurre en casi siempre al relé de la cabina inglesa o francesa. En la UA, por su parte, la interpretación entre estas lenguas se reserva solamente a las cumbres anuales de jefes de Estado.  Las entrevistas arrojan resultados cuantitativos y cualitativos relevantes acerca de cómo se trabaja en las cabinas árabe y española, al tiempo que tienen una repercusión directa en el futuro profesional de los alumnos e intérpretes profesionales de AR-ES.
Hippocampal Reactivation Extends for Several Hours Following Novel Experience
Authors: Giri Bapun , Miyawaki Hiroyuki , Mizuseki Kenji , Cheng Sen , Diba Kamran
Published: December 2018

New memories are believed to be consolidated over several hours of post-task sleep. The reactivation or “replay” of hippocampal cell assemblies has been proposed to provide a key mechanism for this process. However, previous studies have indicated that such replay is restricted to the first 10–30 min of post-task sleep, suggesting that it has a limited role in memory consolidation. We performed long-duration recordings in sleeping and behaving male rats and applied methods for evaluating the reactivation of neurons in pairs as well as in larger ensembles while controlling for the continued activation of ensembles already present during pre-task sleep (“preplay”). We found that cell assemblies reactivate for up to 10 h, with a half-maximum timescale of ∼6 h, in sleep following novel experience, even when corrected for preplay. We further confirmed similarly prolonged reactivation in post-task sleep of rats in other datasets that used behavior in novel environments. In contrast, we saw limited reactivation in sleep following behavior in familiar environments. Overall, our findings reconcile the duration of replay with the timescale attributed to cellular memory consolidation and provide strong support for an integral role of replay in memory.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurons that are active during an experience reactivate again afterward during rest and sleep. This replay of ensembles of neurons has been proposed to help strengthen memories, but it has also been reported that replay occurs only in the first 10–30 min of sleep, suggesting a circumscribed role. We performed long-duration recordings in the hippocampus of rats and found that replay persists for several hours in sleep following novel experience, far beyond the limits found in previous reports based on shorter recordings. These findings reconcile the duration of replay with the hours-long timescales attributed to memory consolidation.
Changes in Endogenous Dopamine Induced by Methylphenidate Predict Functional Connectivity in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Birn Rasmus M. , Converse Alexander K. , Rajala Abigail Z. , Alexander Andrew L. , Block Walter F. , McMillan Alan B. , Christian Bradley T. , Filla Caitlynn N. , Murali Dhanabalan , Hurley Samuel A. , Jenison Rick L. , Populin Luis C.
Published: December 2018

Dopamine (DA) levels in the striatum are increased by many therapeutic drugs, such as methylphenidate (MPH), which also alters behavioral and cognitive functions thought to be controlled by the PFC dose-dependently. We linked DA changes and functional connectivity (FC) using simultaneous [18F]fallypride PET and resting-state fMRI in awake male rhesus monkeys after oral administration of various doses of MPH. We found a negative correlation between [18F]fallypride nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) and MPH dose in the head of the caudate (hCd), demonstrating increased extracellular DA resulting from MPH administration. The decreased BPNDwas negatively correlated with FC between the hCd and the PFC. Subsequent voxelwise analyses revealed negative correlations with FC between the hCd and the dorsolateral PFC, hippocampus, and precuneus. These results, showing that MPH-induced changes in DA levels in the hCd predict resting-state FC, shed light on a mechanism by which changes in striatal DA could influence function in the PFC.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDopamine transmission is thought to play an essential role in shaping large scale-neural networks that underlie cognitive functions. It is the target of therapeutic drugs, such as methylphenidate (Ritalin), which blocks the dopamine transporter, thereby increasing extracellular dopamine levels. Methylphenidate is used extensively to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, even though its effects on cognitive functions and their underlying neural mechanisms are not well understood. To date, little is known about the link between changes in dopamine levels and changes in functional brain organization. Using simultaneous PET/MR imaging, we show that methylphenidate-induced changes in endogenous dopamine levels in the head of the caudate predict changes in resting-state functional connectivity between this structure and the prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and hippocampus.
Intrinsic Functional Boundaries of Lateral Frontal Cortex in the Common Marmoset Monkey
Authors: Schaeffer David J. , Gilbert Kyle M. , Gati Joseph S. , Menon Ravi S. , Everling Stefan
Published: December 2018

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a small New World primate species that has been recently targeted as a potentially powerful preclinical model of human prefrontal cortex dysfunction. Although the structural boundaries of frontal cortex were described in marmosets at the start of the 20th century (Brodmann, 1909) and refined more recently (Paxinos et al., 2012), the broad functional boundaries of marmoset frontal cortex have yet to be established. In this study, we sought to functionally derive boundaries of the marmoset lateral frontal cortex (LFC) using ultra-high field (9.4 T) resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI). We collected RS-fMRI data in seven (four females, three males) lightly anesthetized marmosets and used a data-driven hierarchical clustering approach to derive subdivisions of the LFC based on intrinsic functional connectivity. We then conducted seed-based analyses to assess the functional connectivity between these clusters and the rest of the brain. The results demonstrated seven distinct functional clusters within the LFC. The functional connectivity patterns of these clusters with the rest of the brain were also found to be distinct and organized along a rostrocaudal gradient, consonant with those found in humans and macaques. Overall, these results support the view that marmosets are a promising preclinical modeling species for studying LFC dysfunction related to neuropsychiatric or neurodegenerative human brain diseases.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe common marmoset is a New World primate that has garnered recent attention as a powerful complement to canonical Old World primate (e.g., macaques) and rodent models (e.g., rats, mice) for preclinical modeling of the human brain in healthy and diseased states. A critical step in the development of marmosets for such models is to characterize functional network topologies of frontal cortex in healthy, normally functioning marmosets, that is, how these circuitries are functionally divided and how those topologies compare to human circuitry. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate functional boundaries of the lateral frontal cortex and the corresponding network topologies in marmoset monkeys.
Spatial Determination of Neuronal Diversification in the Olfactory Epithelium
Authors: Coleman Julie H. , Lin Brian , Louie Jonathan D. , Peterson Jesse , Lane Robert P. , Schwob James E.
Published: December 2018

Neurons in the murine olfactory epithelium (OE) differ by the olfactory receptor they express as well as other molecular phenotypes that are regionally restricted. These patterns can be precisely regenerated following epithelial injury, suggesting that spatial cues within the tissue can direct neuronal diversification. Nonetheless, the permanency and mechanism of this spatial patterning remain subject to debate. Via transplantation of stem and progenitor cells from dorsal OE into ventral OE, we demonstrate that, in mice of both sexes, nonautonomous spatial cues can direct the spatially circumscribed differentiation of olfactory sensory neurons. The vast majority of dorsal transplant-derived neurons express the ventral marker OCAM (NCAM2) and lose expression of NQO1 to match their new location. Single-cell analysis also demonstrates that OSNs adopt a fate defined by their new position following progenitor cell transplant, such that a ventral olfactory receptor is expressed after stem and progenitor cell engraftment. Thus, spatially constrained differentiation of olfactory sensory neurons is plastic, and any bias toward an epigenetic memory of place can be overcome.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSpatially restricted differentiation of olfactory sensory neurons is both key to normal olfactory function and a challenging example of biological specificity. That the stem cells of the olfactory epithelium reproduce the organization of the olfactory periphery to a very close approximation during lesion-induced regeneration begs the question of whether stem cell-autonomous genomic architecture or environmental cues are responsible. The plasticity demonstrated after transfer to a novel location suggests that cues external to the transplanted stem and progenitor cells confer neuronal identity. Thus, a necessary prerequisite is satisfied for using engraftment of olfactory stem and progenitor cells as a cellular therapeutic intervention to reinvigorate neurogenesis whose exhaustion contributes to the waning of olfaction with age.
How to make prosperous and sustainable family farming in Cuba a reality
Authors: Casimiro Rodríguez Leidy , Casimiro González José Antonio
Published: December 2018

A number of factors in Cuba today contribute to the urgent need to develop family farming based on agroecological practices across the island. These factors include: soil deterioration, high external dependence for inputs and food, damaging effects of climate change, loss of farmer traditions, and the next generation’s disinterest in a farming lifestyle, coupled with the essential contribution that family farming makes to supplying food for the country, often in small spaces, together offer the real possibility of repairing the damage caused by conventional farming practices. Given this urgent need and possibility, it is important to identify and share successful experiences built on innovative practices. The study presented here aims to do just that by sharing the experiences of a farm representative of the cooperative sector in Cuba. This is a longitudinal study of the agroecological transition that occurred in one farm’s socio-ecological system between 1995 and 2015. In particular, the study evaluates the socio-ecological resilience of the family farm during three periods of transition, which are considerably different from one another given the strategies of the family and the design and management of the socio-ecological system. We define socio-ecological resilience as the capacity of agroecosystems to adaptively change in its socio-ecological structure and interactions in order to withstand and overcome disturbances, stress and change, and to maintain production levels in harmony with the culture, social organization, and satisfaction of the needs and capacity of ecosystems, in an ecologically possible and socially desirable context (Altieri et al., 2012; Casimiro Rodríguez, 2016; Koohafkan et al., 2011). We used the Evaluation Methodology of the Socio-ecological Resilience of family farms (MERS in its Spanish acronym) (Casimiro Rodríguez, 2016), based on the evolution of an array of indicators of efficiency and indexes of food, technological and energy sovereignty, as well as from the transformation process from conventional farming practices to agroecological practices. Based on the results of the study, we show a set of elements that address the need to transform Cuban agriculture by implementing an agroecological base, the importance of family farming, as well as aspects that can come into play in the socio-ecological resilience of other family farms in the country. Please refer to Supplementary Materials, Full text Spanish version of this article, for a full text Spanish version of this article.
The potential of silvopastoral systems for cattle production in Cuba
Authors: Sánchez-Santana Tania , López-Vigoa Onel , Iglesias-Gómez Jesús Manuel , Lamela-López Luis , Soca-Perez Mildrey
Published: December 2018

This paper presents a review of relevant literature and research on the potential of silvopastoral systems for milk and meat production in Cuba. This work emphasizes the contribution of trees in pasture systems, which are known to improve the plant community as well as increase the productive efficiency of steers, reproductive females and dairy cattle. Results from this research suggest that, due to the association effect, both the availability of dry matter and the total protein content of gramineous plants is increased in pastoral systems that incorporate trees while also maintaining pasture. In systems of gramineous plants that have been mixed with Leucaena leucocephala and that support cows of average potential, it is possible to obtain milk production of 10 kg/cow/day in addition to live-weight gains of 0.500–0.600 kg/animal day–1 in Cebú cattle. This work concludes that the use of silvopastoral systems is a viable option for the production of milk and meat under low-input conditions, such as those in Cuba. Please refer to Supplementary Materials, Full text Spanish version of this article, for a full text Spanish version of this article.
PRUEBA DE CAMINATA DE SEIS MINUTOS ¿ES POSIBLE PREDECIR EL CONSUMO DE OXÍGENO EN PERSONAS CON PATOLOGÍAS? UNA REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Authors: Vásquez-Gómez Jaime , Castillo-Retamal Marcelo , Souza de Carvalho Ricardo , Faundez-Casanova Cesar , De Paula Portes Junior Moacyr
Published: December 2018

La prueba de caminata de seis minutos (PC6M) consiste en recorrer la mayor distancia posible y se caracteriza por ser una prueba de fácil realización. El objetivo de esta revisión fue examinar la relación entre las variables de distancia recorrida, patologías cardíacas, pulmonares y el consumo de oxígeno de una prueba de criterio en cinta rodante y cicloergómetro, y las ecuaciones de predicción del VO2 en la PC6M de Maldonado e Ingle (2006), Vanhelst (2013) y Costa (2017) para personas con patologías. El manuscrito es una revisión bibliográfica que utilizó las bases de datos Scopus y WOS, con artículos en inglés, español y portugués entre 2000 y 2017. La distancia es la variable que más se midió y que más se asoció con el VO2, encontrándose correlaciones significativas con valores de 0.01 hasta 0.8, las patologías más relacionadas con el VO2 máx. fueron la hipertensión pulmonar, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva, insuficiencia cardíaca, disfunción sistólica ventricular y accidente cerebro-vascular y el cicloergómetro fue el más utilizado en las pruebas de criterio de VO2 máx. Solo una ecuación fue elaborada para niños que eran obesos la que incluyó distancia e IMC (Vanhelst), otra ecuación fue para adultos con enfermedad cardíaca que además incluía el sexo (Costa), una en pacientes con disfunción sistólica ventricular que aparte incorporó la edad, volumen espiratorio y hemoglobina (Ingle) y otra fórmula fue para adultos con insuficiencia cardíaca que consideró la distancia (Maldonado). Se sugiere utilizar la ecuación más apropiada y elaborar modelos predictivos para personas con diversas características.
PANORAMA SOCIOPOLÍTICO EN COSTA RICA (2018): UNA LECTURA CIUDADANA
Authors: Herrera Montero Bernal
Published: December 2018

El ensayo ofrece una lectura del proceso electoral costarricense del 2018, de su inserción en la historia nacional de las últimas décadas y de algunos de los principales reacomodos sociopolíticos generados por dicho proceso. Se exploran ciertos factores que lo definieron: la dinámica político-partidaria tras la crisis del bipartidismo, el crecimiento de la inequi- dad socioeconómica, así como los diferenciados efectos de la incompleta modernización social y económica de las últimas décadas. Se proponen explicaciones parciales del en- frentamiento surgido entre una visión cristiano-conservadora y otra laica-modernizante, así como de su posterior evolución. Se propone que tal enfrentamiento, lejos de girar alrededor de temas “menores”, permitió repensar algunos de los fundamentos últimos de la coexistencia social nacional.
Renovation of Interest in the Magnetoelectric Effect in Nanoferroics
Authors: Glinchuk M. D. , Khist V. V.
Published: December 2018

Recent theoretical studies of the influence of the magnetoelectric effect on the physical properties of nanosized ferroics and multiferroics have been reviewed. Special attention is focused on the description of piezomagnetic, piezoelectric, and linear magnetoelectric effects near the ferroid surface in the framework of the Landau–Ginzburg–Devonshire phenomenological theory, where they are considered to be a result of the spontaneous surface-induced symmetry reduction. Therefore, nanosized particles and thin films can manifest pronounced piezomagnetic, piezoelectric, and magnetoelectric properties, which are absent for the corresponding bulk materials. In particular, the giant magnetoelectric effect induced in nanowires by the surface tension is possible. A considerable influence of size effects and external fields on the magnetoelectric coupling coefficients and the dielectric, magnetic, and magnetoelectric susceptibilities in nanoferroics is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the influence of a misfit deformation on the magnetoelectric coupling in thin ferroic films and their phase diagrams, including the appearance of new phases absent in the bulk material. In the framework of the Landau–Ginzburg–Devonshire theory, the linear magnetoelectric and flexomagnetoelectric effects induced in nanoferroics by the flexomagnetic coupling are considered, and a significant influence of the flexomagnetic effect on the nanoferroic susceptibility is marked. The manifestations of size effects in the polarization and magnetoelectric properties of semiellipsoidal bismuth ferrite nanoparticles are discussed.
Vacuum Birefringence in the Fields of a Current Coil and a Guided Electromagnetic Wave
Authors: Novak O. , Diachenko M. , Padusenko E. , Kholodov R.
Published: December 2018

The vacuum birefringence effect in magnetic fields generated by either a laser-driven capacitor-coil generator or an electromagnetic wave in a radio frequency guide has been theoretically studied. The ellipticity acquired by a linearly polarized laser beam propagating in those fields is calculated. The obtained results are compared with the parameters of the PVLAS experiment aimed at the experimental observation of the vacuum birefringence effect in a magnetic field.
Component Analysis of Radiation-Induced Thermoe-lasticity Using Modulation Polarimetry
Authors: Matyash I. Ye. , Minailova I. A. , Mischuk O. M. , Serdega B. K.
Published: December 2018

A radiation field of an external or internal origin creates a non-uniform temperature gradient in a glass specimen. In this case, there appears a heat flux in the specimen, which generates mechanical stresses and induces an optical anisotropy in the form of birefringence. In this work, using the optical-polarization method, the birefringence magnitude is measured as the phase difference between the orthogonal components of the linearly polarized probing radiation. The capability of the method is enhanced by modulating the radiation polarization, which provided a reliable registration of stresses in the specimen at a temperature drop of about 0.1 K. The stress kinetics with a complicated behavior and ambiguous by sign is detected at the observation point within the temperature establishment time interval. Its modeling in terms of exponential functions made it possible to decompose the measurement results into components associated with the radiative, conductive, and convective heat transfer mechanisms, as well as determine their relaxation parameters. The measurement data can be of practical use while determining such technically important material characteristics as the thermal diffusion and heat transfer coefficients.
Experimental Study of Inhomogeneous Reflex-Discharge Plasma Using Microwave Refraction Interferometry
Authors: Kovtun Yu. V. , Siusko Y. V. , Skibenko E. I. , Skibenko A. I.
Published: December 2018

The phase shift at the plasma interferometry with oblique microwaves and microwaves passing through the center of a plasma formation has been calculated. The critical density Ncr and the critical radius rcr of a plasma layer, at which microwaves do not hit the horn antenna, are calculated for various radial plasma distribution functions. The time dependences of the phase shift for the transverse and oblique probing modes are experimentally measured. Using the phase shifts determined by the both methods, the time dependence of the product NpL of the electron concentration in plasma and the optical path length of a microwave beam in vacuum is found, and the average plasma density is estimated.
Influence of Divacancy-Oxygen Defects on Recombination Properties of n-Si Subjected to Irradiation and Subsequent Annealing
Authors: Kras’ko M. M. , Kolosiuk A. G. , Voitovych V. V. , Povarchuk V. Yu. , Roguts’kyi I. S.
Published: December 2018

The variation of recombination properties in n-Si grown by the Czochralski method, doped to the free electron concentration n0 ∼ 10^14 ÷10^16 cm^−3, irradiated with 60Co y-quanta or 1-MeV electrons, and isochronously annealed for 20 min in the temperature interval 180–380∘C, in which divacancy-oxygen (V2O) complexes are formed and annealed, has been studied in detail. The nonequilibrium charge carrier lifetime т is found to significantly decrease after the annealing in a temperature interval from 180 to 280∘C, with the effect being stronger for low-resistive n-Si. It is shown that a change in т after the annealing at 180–380∘C is caused by divacancy defects, most probably V2O. By analyzing the experimental data with the help of the Shockley–Read–Hall statistics, it is found that the formation of V2O defects is characterized by an activation energy of 1.25±0.05 eV and a frequency factor of (1±0.5)×10^9 s^−1, and their annealing by an activation energy of 1.54±0.09 eV and a frequency factor of (2.1±1.4)×10^10 s^−1. The values of the hole capture cross-sections by singly and doubly charged acceptor states of V2O are obtained as: (5±2)×10^−13 and (8±4)×10^−12 cm^2, respectively.
Optimising intelligent control of a highway bridge with magnetorheological dampers
Authors: He Min , Zheng Zong-ping , He Bin , Zhu Hao
Published: December 2018

The back-propagation neural network is the most commonly used neural network for designing intelligent control systems for highway bridges. To improve the stability of an intelligent controller for a bridge with magnetorheological dampers and to reduce energy consumption, optimal performance was achieved by rationalising the number of hidden-layer elements and using a genetic algorithm (GA). Simulation results showed that a GA can achieve better optimisation results than those of simply optimised hidden-layer elements and can reduce energy consumption effectively.
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals osmotic-regulated genes in the gill of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) v1
Authors: Zhou Junyu
Published: December 2018

To reveal the genes and pathways involved in osmoregulation of Chinese mitten crab, adult male crabs were acclimated for 144 h in freshwater (FW, 0 ppt) or seawater (SW, 25 ppt). Changes in the transcriptome of crab gills were then analysed by RNA-Seq.
A systematic review of the barriers to and facilitators of the use of evidence utilised by philanthropists when determining which charities, including health charities or programmes to fund. v1
Authors: Greenhalgh Caroline , Montgomery Paul
Published: December 2018

Today there is increasing recognition amongst philanthropists, charity leaders and policy makers, that in order to be effective, the process of giving resources needs to be grounded in evidence. However, it is often suggested that there is insufficient evidence upon which philanthropists can rely, in part because ‘good quality data on successful interventions is still not widely published’ (Kassatly, 2018 p.1). This review aims to identify limiting and promoting factors regarding the use of evidence by philanthropists and to evaluate and synthesise existing research on this issue. This will include: Primary research or systematic reviews investigating the perceptions and/or experiences of philanthropists relating to their use of evidence. Studies investigating the perceptions of professionals (such as charity CEO’s; philanthropic advisors and philanthropic consultants) as to how evidence is used by philanthropists. All study designs will be eligible for inclusion provided they examine factors affecting the use of evidence by philanthropists however, such factors need not be the primary focus of those studies. Anticipated findings relating to barriers include: insufficient time and resources to uncover relevant information; insufficient robust evidence; and a lack of trust in the sources of the information. Expected facilitators of the use of evidence include: peer recommendations; conferences and philanthropy clubs or intermediaries.
GEOECOLOGY IN THE SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL DIMENSION
Authors: Shyshchenko P. , Havrylenko O.
Published: December 2018

Geoecological paradigm incipience has formed an interdisciplinary geoecology, which purpose is to optimize the nature using on the basis of geoecosystem interconnections study and integration of the acquired knowledge into the practice of territorial planning and management. An important sphere of geoecological research practical application results is the creation of an optimal structural and functional organization of the territory for substantiation of various nature management projects. With the help of estimating and predictive research methods, the degree of geoecosystems suitability for the projected nature using kinds is established. Forecast geoecological researches are aimed at preventing possible destructive natural processes, identifying anthropogenic influences and caused by the negative changes in the natural environment. On the results of evaluative and forecast geoecological research, the adoption of final design and planning decisions should be based. Based on the results of the conducted research the following conclusions have been made:

The priority task of applied geoecology is to prevent the emergence of crisis and emergency geoecological situations. Therefore, in the near future, it would be expedient to teach applied geoecology a separate academic discipline.
Solving the constructive tasks of geoecological research requires the corresponding specialty and education of researchers.
Basic geoecological knowledge is laid out by the educational system with the use of innovative active methods in the educational process, in particular, the project method. For this purpose, the discipline «Geoecology of Ukraine» is taught at the Faculty of Geography of the Kyiv Taras Shevchenko National University for masters of the first year of study.
The lecturer stimulates the project activity, directing the work of students to achieve the final result – the geoecological project presentation. For example, the implementation of the project on discipline «Geoecology of Ukraine» involves students fulfilling such basic tasks – search, analysis and systematization of information; choice of research methods; drawing up of maps, diagrams, charts; formulating the conclusions of the study and developing the presentation of the project.
The topic of the project is most often associated with specific practical issues relevant to real life. The study of the discipline «Geoecology of Ukraine» promotes the orientation of students for the specialty of the environmental manager, designer, expert on environmental projects, etc.
THE ROLE OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS IN THE FORMATION OF METROPOLITAN REGIONS
Authors: Savchuk I.
Published: December 2018

The role of foreign economic relations in the formation of metropolitan regions is disclosed. The author defines the main existing theoretical and methodological approaches to their study within the leading national geographical schools of different countries of the world and presents the definitions of the concepts “metropolis”, “metropolitan region”, “metropolization” existing in each of them. The theoretical and methodological specifics of the normative, functional, and morphological approaches in studying the metropolitanization process are determined and the national specificity of the German, Italian, Anglo-Saxon, Russian, Ukrainian national geourbanistics schools is revealed in revealing the features of this process in connection with foreign economic activity as the determining indicator for the allocation of metropolises. It is proved that, despite the differences in the theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of the metropolization process in each of the mentioned national schools, foreign economic relations are predominant in the formation of the metropolis. The difference is only in different emphases on their different constituents. In some national scientific schools, attention is focused on the location of the headquarters of the world’s leading companies, in others – on the availability of special infrastructure for the implementation of foreign economic relations, in the third – on the exclusive role of congresses, forums, exhibitions in their development. This is largely due to the study within each of the national scientific schools of the cities of their country.
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF PROVIDING CHILDREN’S CAMPS OF THE TERRITORIAL UNITS OF UKRAINE
Authors: Dolhova K.
Published: December 2018

This paper reveals features of the infrastructure potential of children’s tourism and recreation in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to determine the level of providing children’s camps in Ukraine. It allowed finding one of the reasons for a low level of service providing in the country with a strong recreational potential. This research was based on analyzing the data of Derzhavnyi reiestr dytiachykh zakladiv ozdorovlennia ta vidpochynku (the State Register of Children’s camps) and Derzhavna sluzhba statystyky Ukrainy (the State Statistics Service of Ukraine) regarding children’s health improvement and recreation. There were used content-, mathematical and statistical analysis of the State Register of Children’s camps and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, expert opinions of the MINISTRY of SOCIAL POLICY of UKRAINE. Mostly, there was carried out the spatial analysis of providing children’s camps of the territorial units of Ukraine of higher and average levels. Furthermore, there was constructed the map of providing appropriate facilities with five different levels (very low, low, medium, high, very high). This research confirms the low level of providing children’s camps in different territorial units in Ukraine. Besides, a lot of territorial units of our country with high and very high levels of providing are temporarily occupied and uncontrolled. This study allowed highlighting the basic regularities of children’s camps placement in Ukraine, such as the placement of camps tends to nature-recreational resources, most camps are located in villages or settlements of urban type, suburban areas of district centres or cities of regional subordination, only one children`s camp is situated on territories with very low and low level of providing. Thus, only 42,2 % of territorial units in Ukraine are used for the needs of children`s tourism. Nonetheless, there is a prospect of building a network of children’s camps in areas with significant nature-recreational potential, which today are provided by camps at low and medium levels.