bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and selection of decision-making methods to assess landfill mining projects
Authors: Hermann Robert , Baumgartner Rupert J , Vorbach Stefan , Ragossnig Arne , Pomberger Roland
Published: June 2015

For the first time in Austria, fundamental technological and economic studies on recovering secondary raw materials from large landfills have been carried out, based on the ‘LAMIS – Landfill Mining Austria’ pilot project. A main focus of the research – and the subject of this article – was to develop an assessment or decision-making procedure that allows landfill owners to thoroughly examine the feasibility of a landfill mining project in advance. Currently there are no standard procedures that would sufficiently cover all the multiple-criteria requirements. The basic structure of the multiple attribute decision making process was used to narrow down on selection, conceptual design and assessment of suitable procedures. Along with a breakdown into preliminary and main assessment, the entire foundation required was created, such as definitions of requirements to an assessment method, selection and accurate description of the various assessment criteria and classification of the target system for the present ‘landfill mining’ vs. ‘retaining the landfill in after-care’ decision-making problem. Based on these studies, cost-utility analysis and the analytical-hierarchy process were selected from the range of multiple attribute decision-making procedures and examined in detail. Overall, both methods have their pros and cons with regard to their use for assessing landfill mining projects. Merging these methods or connecting them with single-criteria decision-making methods (like the net present value method) may turn out to be reasonable and constitute an appropriate assessment method.
Participation and punishment
Authors: Myers C. Daniel
Published: June 2015

Studies have demonstrated that altruistic punishment can motivate pro-social behavior in settings that require group cooperation. This paper extends these findings to the voter participation game. Using a laboratory experiment we find that some subjects are willing to punish abstainers and that punishment increases participation. However, not all subjects respond to punishment equally. We find that punishment increases turnout more among subjects with a egoist social value orientation (SVO) than among subjects with a pro-social SVO. This suggests that increased opportunities for altruistic punishment do not just increase participation, but may also change the composition of the electorate.
Scale-model tests of coaxial rotors in water tunnel via particle image velocimetry technique
Authors: Ma Yimin , Chen Ming , Zhang Xingwen , Wang Qiang
Published: June 2015

In this work, the flow features of coaxial rotors measured in water tunnel are investigated via particle image velocimetry technique. The experiments are conducted using a two-bladed model-scale coaxial rotor and a single rotor with the same geometry. Some noticeable flow features are found. For the coaxial rotor in hover, there is an annular region radially inboard of the lower rotor disk, where there are almost no intrusions from the upper rotor wake. At the same time, upwash occurs at the outboard edge of the lower rotor, while no such phenomenon occurs near the upper rotor blade tip. Sometimes, two upwash phenomena are found both at the blade tip and root in the single-rotor case. For both the single and coaxial rotors in forward flight, there is a sudden velocity change at about 0.7  R on the retreating side. From comparisons with the prior performance experiments, it can also be found that mutual interferences are playing a positive role in the hovering coaxial rotor configuration. The previously prescribed wake models can well describe the tip vortex trajectories of the single rotor and coaxial rotor in hover and forward flight, especially at high advance ratios. However, in this experiment, some special features are also found slightly different with that of the experiment conducted in air. Some valuable results obtained from this experiment would be helpful to reasonable designs of coaxial helicopters in the future.
Characteristics of locomotion efficiency of an expanding–extending robotic endoscope in the intestinal environment
Authors: He Shu , Yan Guozheng , Wang Zhiwu , Gao Jinyang , Yang Kai
Published: June 2015

Robotic endoscopes with locomotion ability are among the most promising alternatives to traditional endoscopes; the locomotion ability is an important factor when evaluating the performance of the robot. This article describes the research on the characteristics of an expanding–extending robotic endoscope’s locomotion efficiency in real intestine and explores an approach to improve the locomotion ability in this environment. In the article, the robot’s locomotion efficiency was first calculated according to its gait in the gut, and the reasons for step losses were analyzed. Next, dynamical models of the robot and the intestine were built to calculate the step losses caused by failed anchoring and intestinal compression/extension. Based on the models and the calculation results, methods for reducing step losses were proposed. Finally, a series of ex vivo experiments were carried out, and the actual locomotion efficiency of the robot was analyzed on the basis of the theoretical models. In the experiment, on a level platform, the locomotion efficiency of the robot varied between 34.2% and 63.7%; the speed of the robot varied between 0.62 and 1.29 mm/s. The robot’s efficiency when climbing a sloping intestine was also tested and analyzed. The proposed theoretical models and experimental results provide a good reference for improving the design of robotic endoscopy.
Historical reconstruction of organic carbon inputs to the East China Sea inner shelf: Implications for anthropogenic activities and regional climate variability
Authors: Li Dong , Yao Peng , Bianchi Thomas S , Zhao Bin , Pan Huihui , Zhang Tingting , Wang Jinpeng , Xu Bochao , Yu Zhigang
Published: June 2015

A gravity core collected from the East China Sea (ECS) inner shelf was analyzed for elemental and stable isotopic composition, lignin-phenols, and sedimentary pigments to investigate changes of organic carbon (OC) inputs during the past two centuries. In particular, we examined the linkages between terrestrial and marine OC inputs with climate variability and anthropogenic activities. The decrease of terrestrial OC contribution (from 41% to 28%) and increasing diagenetic indices of lignin-phenols (P/(S + V): from 0.12 to 0.22; 3,5-Bd/V: from 0.03 to 0.09) after the 1970s were possibly attributed to intensified deforestation, dam construction, and channel erosion. Lignin content (Λ8) ranged from 0.35 mg/100 mg OC to 6.92 mg/100 mg OC, with lower values corresponding to the worst flooding events in the Changjiang watershed and weaker East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM), while higher Λ8 was more correlated to the strengthening of EAWM. This indicates that terrestrial inputs to Zhe-Min Coast are different from those in Changjiang Estuary during flooding events and strongly linked with regional climate variability. The total contents of sedimentary chloropigments (i.e. pheophorbide-a, pheophytin-a, pyropheophytin-a, sterol chlorin esters, and carotenol chlorin esters) ranged from 663.4 to 74.9 nmol g−1 OC, and decreased exponentially downwards. Sedimentary chloropigments that were used to document historical change of phytoplankton biomass were decoupled with historical changes of Changjiang riverine nutrient inputs but corresponded well to the fluctuation of regional climate variability. Higher phytoplankton biomasses usually were observed during positive phases of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and/or warm El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, and lower algal biomass usually corresponded to the negative phase of PDO and/or cold ENSO events.
Sterilization of men with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Barton-Hanson Renu
Published: June 2015

This article examines the ethical and legal issues raised by the involuntary sterilization of men with intellectual disability. It traces how, after the demise of eugenic reasoning, social policies of normalization and care in the community provided new justifications for sterilizations. It also examines how, ironically, modern arguments about promoting male sexual freedom have come to be used as a justification to sterilize. Through examination of recent cases on the sterilization of men with intellectual disabilities, this article explores the legal framework of the ‘best interests’ test and the ‘least restrictive alternative’ provisions in the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and argues that sterilization is usually unnecessary, disproportionate and not the least restrictive option. It also argues that the least restrictive alternative provisions contained in the 2005 Act need to be more rigorously applied.
A novel approach toward actuator placement for cylindrical shells undergoing axisymmetric buckling
Authors: Jose Sandeep , C Lakshmana Rao , Tangirala Arun K
Published: June 2015

Buckling control of space structures using piezoelectric actuators is an emerging area of research. In particular, cylindrical shells present several challenges as they exhibit multiple buckling modes. This work focuses on placement of ring actuators on cylindrical shells exhibiting axisymmetric buckling. A new method based on the characteristic wavelength of the cylindrical shell is proposed for actuator placement. It is shown by means of numerical studies that passive control of these shells shows a distinct advantage over the conventional actuator placement. It is possible to obtain a stiffer load– axial shortening response as well as a peak load enhancement of the shell using the present approach. The results obtained give important insights into the actuator placement problem for cylindrical shells undergoing axisymmetric buckling.
A model-based approach to refine process parameters in smart manufacturing
Authors: Kim Duck B , Denno Peter O , Jones Albert T
Published: June 2015

This article describes a model-based approach for defining and refining process parameters in dynamically changing, smart manufacturing environments. This approach uses equation-based models to predict how part quality will respond to changes in that environment. The results from these models provide the major inputs into a process-parameter-optimization technique, which is used to set the values for various process parameters. In developing these models, we integrated various concepts from process improvement frameworks, such as Define–Measure–Analyze–Improve–Control and Monitor–Analyze–Plan–Execute–Knowledge, with techniques from model-based engineering. After describing the approach, we demonstrate its use in an additive manufacturing process example.
Childhood Adversities and Resistant Behaviors Toward Law Enforcement Officers in a National Sample of State and Federal Inmates
Authors: Marotta Phillip
Published: June 2015

An overwhelming body of literature points to a relationship between experiencing adversity during childhood and later violence in adulthood. This study addresses a gap in existing research by testing of the impact of four prior childhood adversities on resistant behaviors toward law enforcement officers. A four-level ordinal dependent variable measuring passive resistance, verbal resistance, police action resistance, and physical resistance was created using data from the nationally representative, 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities. A generalized ordinal logistic regression model tested the effects of childhood adversities on resistant behaviors toward law enforcement officers. Physical victimization during childhood and adulthood predicted resistant behaviors toward law enforcement officers above and beyond the effects of prior victimization during only childhood and only adulthood. This study found a strong association between prior physical victimization, foster care involvement, and resistant behaviors after adjusting for demographic, situational, and criminal background variables.
Phatic culture and the status quo
Authors: Miller Vincent
Published: June 2015

Apart from the exchanging of information, an important role of conversation and communication is to promote social harmony through the maintenance of relationships. This is referred to as the ‘phatic’ function of communication. Indeed, digital communications technologies, and social media in particular, have been lauded for their potential to promote activism and social change through ‘raising awareness’ of injustices, their ability to motivate people into political action and the facility to organize and coordinate that action for maximum effect. In this article, I build upon previous arguments, which suggested that the rise of social networking demonstrated that online culture and communication had become increasingly phatic and less dialogic. Here I use previous empirical work to challenge the above claims of digital politics enthusiasts. I then suggest an alternative theoretical account of the function of digital media activism which better suits these empirical findings. I suggest that digital politics demonstrates a rise of ‘phatic communion’ in social media. Incorporating Heidegger’s notion of ‘idle talk’, I further suggest that the rise of a phatic online culture in social media activism has atrophied the potential for digital communications technologies to help foster social change by creating a conversational environment based on limited forms of expressive solidarity as opposed to an engaged, content-driven, dialogic public sphere.
Why Have So Many Intravascular Glucose Monitoring Devices Failed?
Authors: Smith John L. , Rice Mark J.
Published: June 2015

Secondary to the inherent limitations of both point-of-care and central laboratory glucose technologies, continuous glucose measurement has recently enjoyed a high level of investment. Because of the perceived advantages by some of measuring in the intravascular space compared to the subcutaneous tissue, a number of technologies have been developed. In this review, we evaluate nine systems that have shown promise, although only one of these has been cleared for sale in the United States. The detection methodology, regulatory status, technical issues, and company circumstance surrounding each technology are examined.
Changes in Optimism Are Associated With Changes in Health Over Time Among Older Adults
Authors: Chopik William J. , Kim Eric S. , Smith Jacqui
Published: June 2015

Little is known about how optimism differs by age and changes over time, particularly among older adults. Even less is known about how changes in optimism are related to changes in physical health. We examined age differences and longitudinal changes in optimism in 9,790 older adults over a 4-year period. We found an inverted U-shaped pattern between optimism and age both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, such that optimism generally increased in older adults before decreasing. Increases in optimism over a 4-year period were associated with improvements in self-rated health and fewer chronic illnesses over the same time frame. The findings from the current study are consistent with changes in emotion regulation strategies employed by older adults and age-related changes in well-being.
Virtual research visits and direct-to-consumer genetic testing in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Dorsey E Ray , Darwin Kristin C , Mohammed Samara , Donohue Sean , Tethal Alyssa , Achey Meredith A , Ward Susan , Caughey Elaine , Conley Emily D , Eriksson Nicholas , Ravina Bernard
Published: June 2015

Objective

The purpose of this study was to conduct a proof-of-concept study to evaluate remote recruitment and assessment of individuals (“virtual research visits”) with Parkinson's disease who have pursued direct-to-consumer genetic testing.

Methods

Participants in 23andMe’s “Parkinson’s Research Community” were contacted by 23andMe. Fifty willing participants living in 23 states underwent a remote, standardized assessment including cognitive and motor tests by a neurologist via video conferencing and then completed a survey. Primary outcomes assessed were (a) proportion of participants who completed the remote assessments; (b) level of agreement (using Cohen’s kappa coefficient) of patient-reported data with that of a neurologist; and (c) interest in future virtual research visits.

Results

The self-reported diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease was confirmed in all cases ( k = 1.00). The level of agreement for age of symptom onset ( k = 0.97) and family history ( k = 0.85) was very good but worse for falling ( k = 0.59), tremor ( k = 0.56), light-headedness ( k = 0.31), and urine control ( k = 0.15). Thirty-eight (76%) of the 50 participants completed a post-assessment survey, and 87% of respondents said they would be more or much more willing to participate in future clinical trials if they could do research visits remotely.

Conclusion

Remote clinical assessments of individuals with known genotypes were conducted nationally and rapidly from a single site, confirmed self-reported diagnosis, and were received favorably. Direct-to-consumer genetic testing and virtual research visits together may enable characterization of genotype and phenotype for geographically diverse populations.
Overuse Injuries in Professional Ballet
Authors: Sobrino Francisco José , de la Cuadra Crótida , Guillén Pedro
Published: June 2015

Background

Despite overuse injuries being previously described as the most frequent in ballet, there are no studies on professional dancers providing the specific clinical diagnoses or type of injury based on the discipline.

Hypothesis

Overuse injuries are the most frequent injuries in ballet, with differences in the type and frequency of injuries based on discipline.

Study Design

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study performed between January 1, 2005, and October 10, 2010, on injuries occurring in professional dancers from leading Spanish dance companies who practiced disciplines such as classical, neoclassical, contemporary, and Spanish ballet. Data, including type of injury, were obtained from specialized medical services at the Trauma Service, Fremap, Madrid, Spain.

Results

A total of 486 injuries were evaluated, a significant number of which were overuse disorders ( P < .0001), especially in the most technically demanding discipline of classical ballet (82.60%). Injuries were more frequent among female dancers (75.90%) and classical ballet (83.60%). A statistically significant prevalence of patellofemoral pain syndrome was found in the classical discipline ( P = .007). Injuries of the adductor muscles of the thigh ( P = .001) and of the low back facet ( P = .02) in the Spanish ballet discipline and lateral snapping hip ( P = .02) in classical and Spanish ballet disciplines were significant.

Conclusion

Overuse injuries were the most frequent injuries among the professional dancers included in this study. The prevalence of injuries was greater for the most technically demanding discipline (classical ballet) as well as for women. Patellofemoral pain syndrome was the most prevalent overuse injury, followed by Achilles tendinopathy, patellar tendinopathy, and mechanical low back pain.

Clinical Relevance

Specific clinical diagnoses and injury-based differences between the disciplines are a key factor in ballet.
Citrus Consumption and Risk of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Wu Shaowei , Han Jiali , Feskanich Diane , Cho Eunyoung , Stampfer Meir J. , Willett Walter C. , Qureshi Abrar A.
Published: June 2015

Purpose

Citrus products are widely consumed foods that are rich in psoralens and furocoumarins, a group of naturally occurring chemicals with potential photocarcinogenic properties. We prospectively evaluated the risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma associated with citrus consumption.

Methods

A total of 63,810 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1984 to 2010) and 41,622 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986 to 2010) were included. Dietary information was repeatedly assessed every 2 to 4 years during follow-up. Incident melanoma cases were identified through self-report and confirmed by pathologic records.

Results

Over 24 to 26 years of follow-up, we documented 1,840 incident melanomas. After adjustment for other risk factors, the pooled multivariable hazard ratios for melanoma were 1.00 for overall citrus consumption < twice per week (reference), 1.10 (95% CI, 0.94 to 1.30) for two to four times per week, 1.26 (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.47) for five to six times per week, 1.27 (95% CI, 1.09 to 1.49) for once to 1.5 times per day, and 1.36 (95% CI, 1.14 to 1.63) for ≥ 1.6 times per day (Ptrend < .001). Among individual citrus products, grapefruit showed the most apparent association with risk of melanoma, which was independent of other lifestyle and dietary factors. The pooled multivariable hazard ratio for melanoma comparing the extreme consumption categories of grapefruit (≥ three times per week v never) was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.82; Ptrend < .001).

Conclusion

Citrus consumption was associated with an increased risk of malignant melanoma in two cohorts of women and men. Nevertheless, further investigation is needed to confirm our findings and explore related health implications.
Role of Nongenomic Signaling Pathways Activated by Aldosterone During Cardiac Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Ashton Anthony W. , Le Thi Y. L. , Gomez-Sanchez Celso E. , Morel-Kopp Marie-Christine , McWhinney Brett , Hudson Amanda , Mihailidou Anastasia S.
Published: June 2015

Aldosterone (Aldo) activates both genomic and nongenomic signaling pathways in the cardiovascular system. Activation of genomic signaling pathways contributes to the adverse cardiac actions of Aldo during reperfusion injury; however, the extent nongenomic signaling pathways contribute has been difficult to identify due to lack of a specific ligand that activates only nongenomic signaling pathways. Using a pegylated aldosterone analog, aldosterone-3-carboxymethoxylamine-TFP ester conjugated to methoxypegylated amine (Aldo-PEG), we are able for the first time to distinguish between nongenomic and genomic cardiac actions of Aldo. We confirm Aldo-PEG activates phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in rat cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells similar to Aldo and G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30 or GPER) agonist G1. GPER antagonist, G36, but not mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist spironolactone, prevented ERK1/2 phosphorylation by Aldo, Aldo-PEG, and G1. The selective nongenomic actions of Aldo-PEG are confirmed, with Aldo-PEG increasing superoxide production in H9c2 cells to similar levels as Aldo but having no effect on subcellular localization of MR. Striatin serves as a scaffold for GPER and MR, with GPER antagonist G36, but not spironolactone, restoring MR-striatin complexes. Aldo-PEG had no effect on MR-dependent transcriptional activation, whereas Aldo increased transcript levels of serum-regulated kinase 1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Using our ex vivo experimental rat model of myocardial infarction, we found aggravated infarct size and apoptosis by Aldo but not Aldo-PEG. Our studies confirm that in the heart, activation of nongenomic signaling pathways alone are not sufficient to trigger the deleterious effects of aldosterone during myocardial reperfusion injury.
Accountable Care Organizations: Integrated Care Meets Market Power
Authors: Scheffler Richard M.
Published: June 2015

Will accountable care organizations (ACOs) deliver high-quality care at lower costs? Or will their potential market power lead to higher prices and lower quality? ACOs appear in various forms and structures with financial and clinical integration at their core; however, the tools to assess their quality and the incentive structures that will determine their success are still evolving. Both market forces and regulatory structures will determine how these outcomes emerge. This introduction reviews the evidence presented in this special issue to tackle this thorny trade-off. In general the evidence is promising, but the full potential of ACOs to improve the health care delivery system is still uncertain. This introductory review concludes that the current consensus is to let ACOs grow, anticipating that they will make a contribution to improve our poor-quality and high-cost delivery system.
Through the Wire: Black British People and the Riot
Authors: Chambers Eddie
Published: June 2015

This text explores some of the ways in which press photographs have visualized key episodes of rioting involving Black people in the English cities of London and Birmingham. These range from the Notting Hill riots of 1958 through the riots that took place in Birmingham, Brixton, and Tottenham in 1985. This text considers four wire photographs from the Baltimore Sun’s historical photo archive. Wire photos differed from traditional photographic prints insofar as the wire print resulted from breakthrough technology that allowed a photographic image to be scanned, transmitted over “the wire” (telegraph, phone, satellite networks), and printed at the receiving location. Opening here with a press photograph of a group of Black youth overturning a large police van during the course of the Brixton riots of 1981, I argue that all of the photographs discussed shed light on the multiple challenges endured by generations of Black people in Britain, even as they have endured pronounced episodes of violence, at the hands of individuals as well as the state. Considering the image of the lone petrol bomber participating in the Lozells, Birmingham, riots of 1985, I further examine the media-generated pathology of the Black bomber, forced to take his place alongside existing pernicious notions of the Black mugger and Black rapist.
Viyé Diba’s Tout Se Sait: The Affective Experience of Urban Life
Authors: Grabski Joanna
Published: June 2015

This article focuses on Viyé Diba’s Tout Se Sait (2014), a mixed-media installation that framed and evoked the experience of Dakar’s streets. Exhibited at the Koba Club in downtown Dakar during the Dak’Art Biennale 2014, this proposition expanded on themes, approaches, and materials in Diba’s precedent mixed-media work. With more than four decades of artistic practice and a doctorate in urban geography from the University of Nice, Diba has long explored issues involving urban life in his work. In this installation, the artist translated the order and disorder of Dakar’s streets in affective terms. Using materials culled from daily life, he redirected our focus to our daily field of vision, urging us “to really see what we look at” and feel its effect. By addressing Diba’s work in relation to the city as both source and frame, this article examines how Tout Se Sait brought new levels of clarity, resolution, and aesthetic resonance to the exploration of various economies—visual, spatial, material, and commercial—that shape lived experience in Dakar.
Owusu-Ankomah Microcron Begins
Authors: Hynes NJ
Published: June 2015

Owusu-Ankomah has long drawn on Ghanaian adrinka symbols as motifs for his paintings. Over the years he has added other signs to his repertoire, ranging from Chinese characters and crop-circle schemata to invented signs and, even, snowflakes. In Microcron Begins, his second solo exhibition at the October Gallery in London, he has narrowed in on one self-invented sign, the “microcron”—a circlet of dots or globes—as the focal point of his symbolic system. But is the microcron visually interesting enough to hold this dominant position?

In his strongest pieces, which have historically been black-and-white, he pushes the relationship between the figures and the symbols further. He also uses two figures rather than one, generating a sense of energy and depth. But some recent paintings included in this exhibition show a dramatic shift into color, an emphasis on tone rather than line, and a more hierarchical composition. These works seem transitional, as if he is feeling his way toward pieces that are more spacious, sparse, and potentially introspective. Now that he is in his fifties, there is a synthesis in his thought that is looking for new outlets in his visual work. But one hopes he won’t leave the linear strength and dynamism of his black-and-white compositions behind.
The never-ending story: from pluripotency to plant developmental plasticity
Authors: Gaillochet Christophe , Lohmann Jan U.
Published: June 2015

Plants are sessile organisms, some of which can live for over a thousand years. Unlike most animals, plants employ a post-embryonic mode of development driven by the continuous activity of pluripotent stem cells. Consequently, plants are able to initiate new organs over extended periods of time, and many species can readily replace lost body structures by de novo organogenesis. Classical studies have also shown that plant tissues have a remarkable capacity to undergo de-differentiation and proliferation in vitro, highlighting the fact that plant cell fate is highly plastic. This suggests that the mechanisms regulating fate transitions must be continuously active in most plant cells and that the control of cellular pluripotency lies at the core of diverse developmental programs. Here, we review how pluripotency is established in plant stem cell systems, how it is maintained during development and growth and re-initiated during regeneration, and how these mechanisms eventually contribute to the amazing developmental plasticity of plants.
Comment on “Risk Preferences Are Not Time Preferences”: On the Elicitation of Time Preference under Conditions of Risk
Authors: Cheung Stephen L.
Published: June 2015

Andreoni and Sprenger (2012a, b) report evidence that distinct utility functions govern choices under certainty and risk. I investigate the robustness of this result to the experimental design. I find that the effect disappears completely when a multiple price list instrument is used instead of a convex time budget design. Alternatively, the effect is reduced by half when sooner and later payment risks are realized using a single lottery instead of two independent lotteries. The result is thus at least partially driven by intertemporal diversification, supporting an explanation in terms of concavity of the intertemporal, and not only atemporal, utility function. (JEL C91, D81, D91)
Comment on “Risk Preferences Are Not Time Preferences”: Balancing on a Budget Line
Authors: Epper Thomas , Fehr-Duda Helga
Published: June 2015

In a recent experimental study of intertemporal risky decision making, Andreoni and Sprenger (2012) find that subjects exhibit a preference for intertemporal diversification, which is inconsistent with discounted expected utility theory. It was claimed that their results are also at odds with models involving probability weighting, such as rank-dependent utility and cumulative prospect theory. Here we demonstrate, however, that rank-dependent probability weighting explains intertemporal diversification if decision makers care about portfolio risk. Moreover, we provide a unified account of all of Andreoni and Sprenger's key findings. (JEL C91, D81, D91)
Risk Preferences Are Not Time Preferences: Reply
Authors: Andreoni James , Sprenger Charles
Published: June 2015

Can the well-known experimental phenomenon of present-bias in intertemporal choice be confounded with the risks associated with receiving payment? Can measurements of risk preferences be used to represent desires for smoothness in intertemporal payments? In our two 2012 papers in this journal we explored these two questions and found the answer to the first to be yes and the second to be no. We feel the three papers inspired by our work and published here underscore these arguments and point to interesting new possibilities for modeling and measuring risk over time. (JEL C91, D81, D91)
The NMR structure of the II–III–VI three-way junction from the Neurospora VS ribozyme reveals a critical tertiary interaction and provides new insights into the global ribozyme structure
Authors: Bonneau Eric , Girard Nicolas , Lemieux Sébastien , Legault Pascale
Published: June 2015

As part of an effort to structurally characterize the complete Neurospora VS ribozyme, NMR solution structures of several subdomains have been previously determined, including the internal loops of domains I and VI, the I/V kissing-loop interaction and the III–IV–V junction. Here, we expand this work by determining the NMR structure of a 62-nucleotide RNA (J236) that encompasses the VS ribozyme II–III–VI three-way junction and its adjoining stems. In addition, we localize Mg2+-binding sites within this structure using Mn2+-induced paramagnetic relaxation enhancement. The NMR structure of the J236 RNA displays a family C topology with a compact core stabilized by continuous stacking of stems II and III, a cis WC/WC G•A base pair, two base triples and two Mg2+ ions. Moreover, it reveals a remote tertiary interaction between the adenine bulges of stems II and VI. Additional NMR studies demonstrate that both this bulge–bulge interaction and Mg2+ ions are critical for the stable folding of the II–III–VI junction. The NMR structure of the J236 RNA is consistent with biochemical studies on the complete VS ribozyme, but not with biophysical studies performed with a minimal II–III–VI junction that does not contain the II–VI bulge–bulge interaction. Together with previous NMR studies, our findings provide important new insights into the three-dimensional architecture of this unique ribozyme.
Audit Risk Assessment Model Taking into Account Factors of Action, Event and Restriction
Authors: Итыгилова  , Itygilova E.
Published: June 2015

The article discloses new statements of the audit theory on the elements of audit risks, proposes a model of audit

risk refined by introducing the factors of action, event and restriction.
The Importance of Methodological Approaches when Choosing Optimal Electoral System
Authors: Erygina Viktoriya
Published: June 2015

Yet another change of the electoral system at the federal elections in the Russian Federation, the revision of the rules of conducting elections triggers a number of the questions about purposes and criteria of such reforms, doubts their objective nature, and undermines voters’ trust in the elections. The variety of electoral systems and the search for the best one is the topic of fierce scientific debates in various social sciences, including jurisprudence. Since the electoral system is a complex scientific category, there are many different approaches and methods to investigate it. And the author undertakes the search of those to emphasize the importance of taking into account of scientific developments, political will manifestations when the legislator resolves the conceptual task of selecting the electoral system that in suitable for the society and the objective conditions. The author recognizes the leading role of party-political ideology, viability when reforming the electoral legislation. However, in order to strengthen the legal order in the country, scientifically substantiated conclusions, obtained through the combination of general scientific, special (sociological, psychological and historical-cultural), particular methods of legal science, should become the basis for any legislation, including the electoral one. The author reveals such new methodological approaches, as anthropological, culturological, historical, social-psychological and comparative-legal for the conceptual solution of the problem of selection the best electoral system and its further use in the law-making and law-enforcement practice. The author touches upon the issue of searching for a scientific set of instruments, with the aid of which it is possible to apply the science in the political sphere in order to control political processes, including through the law.
Variations in cosmic ray cutoff rigidities during the greatgeomagnetic storm of November 2004
Authors: Тясто Марта , Tyasto Marta , Данилова Ольга , Danilova Olga , Птицына Наталия , Ptitsyna Natalia , Сдобнов Валерий , Sdobnov Valeriy
Published: June 2015

Very strong interplanetary and magnetospheric disturbance observed on 7–13 November 2004 can be regarded as one of the strongest events during the entire period of space observations. In this paper, we report on the studies of cosmic ray cutoff rigidity variations during 7–13 November 2004 showing how storm conditions can affect the direct cosmic ray access to the inner magnetosphere. Effective cutoff rigidities have been calculated for selected points on the ground by tracing trajectories of cosmic ray particles through the magnetospheric magnetic field of the “storm-oriented” Tsyganenko 2003 model [Tsyganenko, 2002a, b; Tsyganenko et al., 2003]. Cutoff rigidity variations have also been determined by the spectrographic global survey method on the basis of experimental data of the neutron monitor network. Correlations between the calculated and experimental cutoff rigidities, as well as between geomagnetic Dst index and interplanetary parameters have been investigated. Correlation coefficients between the cutoff rigidities obtained by the trajectory tracing method and the spectrographic global survey method have been found to be in the limits of 0.76–0.89 for all stations except the low-latitude station Tokyo (0.35). The most pronounced correlation has been revealed between the cutoff rigidities that exhibited a very large variation of 1–1.5 GV during the magnetic storm, and the Dst index.
Can Marketing Campaigns Induce Multichannel Buying and More Profitable Customers? A Field Experiment
Authors: Montaguti Elisa , Neslin Scott A. , Valentini Sara
Published: June 2015

One of the most intriguing findings in the multichannel customer management literature is the positive association between multichannel purchasing and customer profitability. The question is whether this finding can be put into action. That is, can a firm develop a marketing campaign to increase multichannel purchasing and hence average customer profitability, and if so what are the key factors that enable success. We design and implement a randomized field experiment to investigate this question. The field experiment tests four marketing campaigns that vary in the communications message and the provision of financial incentives. We find that the multichannel/profitability relationship is actionable. A properly designed marketing campaign increases the number of multichannel customers and increases average customer profitability. That campaign’s message emphasizes the benefits of multichannel shopping but does not rely on financial incentives. Moreover, we use propensity score matching to show that, after accounting for self-selection, multichannel customers are more profitable than they would be if they were not multichannel. A post-test analysis suggests that the multichannel/nonfinancial incentive campaign succeeded in inducing customers to become multichannel because it decreased customer reactance and increased perceived behavioral control.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2015.0923 .
Tobacco and Oral Health
Authors: Kumar Jayaprakash , Kushwaha Sumedha , Tomar Aditi , Ramanna Thanuja , Prabhakar Ishan , Chaudhry Monica
Published: June 2015

Tobacco is a menace in all its forms that disrupts the socio economic fabric of our country obstinately. It has affected all the strata of society equally. It has numerous adverse affects on the human health. Preceding systemic effects, oral symptoms are manifested due to direct contact and long term exposure with the product. Various precancerous and cancerous lesions and conditions are evident which are mostly preventable. Correct diagnosis at the correct time becomes essential to a good prognosis. Harmful effects from second and third hand can be reduced if the legislation against tobacco users becomes stronger and stricter.
Functional and radiological outcome of periprosthetic fractures of the ankle
Authors: Tsitsilonis S. , Schaser K. D. , Wichlas F. , Haas N. P. , Manegold S.
Published: June 2015

The incidence of periprosthetic fractures of the ankle is increasing. However, little is known about the outcome of treatment and their management remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of periprosthetic fractures on the functional and radiological outcome of patients with a total ankle arthroplasty (TAA).

A total of 505 TAAs (488 patients) who underwent TAA were retrospectively evaluated for periprosthetic ankle fracture: these were then classified according to a recent classification which is orientated towards treatment. The outcome was evaluated clinically using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and a visual analogue scale for pain, and radiologically.

A total of 21 patients with a periprosthetic fracture of the ankle were identified. There were 13 women and eight men. The mean age of the patients was 63 years (48 to 74). Thus, the incidence of fracture was 4.17%.

There were 11 intra-operative and ten post-operative fractures, of which eight were stress fractures and two were traumatic. The prosthesis was stable in all patients. Five stress fractures were treated conservatively and the remaining three were treated operatively.

A total of 17 patients (81%) were examined clinically and radiologically at a mean follow-up of 53.5 months (12 to 112). The mean AOFAS score at follow-up was 79.5 (21 to 100). The mean AOFAS score in those with an intra-operative fracture was 87.6 (80 to 100) and for those with a stress fracture, which were mainly because of varus malpositioning, was 67.3 (21 to 93). Periprosthetic fractures of the ankle do not necessarily adversely affect the clinical outcome, provided that a treatment algorithm is implemented with the help of a new classification system.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:950–6.
Long-term patient-reported outcomes following Bennett’s fractures
Authors: Middleton S. D. , McNiven N. , Griffin E. J. , Anakwe R. E. , Oliver C. W.
Published: June 2015

We define the long-term outcomes and rates of further operative intervention following displaced Bennett’s fractures treated with Kirschner (K-) wire fixation between 1996 and 2009. We retrospectively identified 143 patients (127 men and 16 women) with a mean age at the time of injury of 33.2 years (18 to 75). Electronic records were examined and patients were invited to complete the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire in addition to a satisfaction questionnaire. The time since injury was a mean of 11.5 years (3.4 to 18.5). In total 11 patients had died, one had developed dementia and 12 patients were lost to follow-up. This left 119 patients available for recruitment. Of these, 57 did not respond, leaving a study group of 62 patients. Patients reported excellent functional outcomes and high levels of satisfaction at follow-up. Median satisfaction was 94% (interquartile range 91.5 to 97.5) and the mean DASH score was 3.0 (0 to 38). None of the patients had undergone salvage procedures and none of the responders had changed occupation or sporting activities. Long-term patient reported outcomes following displaced Bennett’s fractures treated by closed reduction and K-wire fixation show excellent functional results and a high level of patient satisfaction. The rate of infection is low and similar to other surgical procedures with percutaneous K-wires.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1004–6.
The nutritional quality of captive sambar deer (Rusa unicolor brookei Hose, 1893) velvet antler
Authors: SEMIADI GONO , JAMAL YULIASRI
Published: June 2015

Semiadi G, Jamal Y. 2015. The nutritional quality of captive sambar deer (Rusa unicolor brookei Hose, 1893) velvet antler. Biodiversitas 16: 156-160. Deer farming has been a well-developed agriculture diversification worldwide since 1970s. To the presenttime information concerning the nutrient value of velvet antler of sambar deer (Rusa unicolor brookei Hose, 1893) is limited. Therefore,a study on the nutritional quality of velvet antler of captive sambar deer was conducted. Velvet antlers were obtained from captivesambar deer in Penajam Paser Utara, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, and were analyzed for its nutritional quality from the hard and softparts. The results showed that fresh weight of a pair of velvet antler (approx. 70 days post hard antler cast) was 523.1 g (SE = 49.99). Inthe soft part of the velvet antler, ash content was 25.9% DM (SE= 0.78) as compared to 40.4% DM (SE = 1.07) in hard part, whilst thelipid and protein contents from the soft part were 3.3% DM (SE = 0.20) and 70.8% DM (SE = 2.07), respectively, higher compared tothose in the hard part being 1.9% DM (SE = 0.12) and 59.5% DM (SE = 1.92), respectively. From the study it can be concluded that theproduction of velvet antler from captive sambar deer seemed to be far from its genetic potency, and the nutritional qualities of the velvetantler contents were not different from the red deer Cervus elaphus.
Relationship between Serum Testosterone and Fracture Risk in Men: A Comparison of RIA and LC-MS/MS
Authors: Tran Thach S , Center Jacqueline R , Seibel Markus J , Eisman John A , Kushnir Mark M , Rockwood Alan L , Nguyen Tuan V
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND

Serum testosterone can be measured by LC-MS/MS and RIA. We investigated whether the testosterone–fracture relationship was affected by the method of measurement.

METHODS

We measured total testosterone (TT) by LC-MS/MS (TTLC-MS/MS) and RIA (TTRIA) in serum samples collected from 602 men whose incident fractures had been continuously ascertained by x-ray reports from 1989 to 2010. We measured bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The association between TT and fracture risk was assessed by the Cox proportional hazards model, taking into account the effect of age and BMD.

RESULTS

Mean TTLC-MS/MS was higher than TTRIA by 27 ng/dL (95% CI 13–41). The concordance correlation coefficient between TTLC-MS/MS and TTRIA was 0.72 (95% CI 0.68–0.76). The Deming regression equation linking the 2 measurements was ln(TTLC-MS/MS + 10) = 0.87 + 0.87 × ln(TTRIA + 10). The hazard ratio of fracture per SD decrease in TT was 1.32 (95% CI 1.12–1.54) for TTLC-MS/MS and 1.23 (1.06–1.43) for TTRIA. The correlation between predicted probabilities of fracture by TTLC-MS/MS and TTRIA was r = 0.96, with the mean difference being 0.01% (95% CI −6.1% to 6.2%). Slightly more patients were classified as having hypogonadism if TTRIA was used (29% vs 26%).

CONCLUSIONS

The concordance between LC-MS/MS and RIA in the measurement of serum TT was moderate. Moreover, the magnitude of association between testosterone and fracture risk in older men was largely unaffected by the method of measurement.
Principios filosóficos y procesos internos como reflejo de la responsabilidad social organizacional. Casos Grupo Bimbo y La Costeña
Authors: Rebeil Corella María Antonieta , Del Castillo Vega Myrna
Published: June 2015

Actualmente, las organizaciones privadas están cada vez más conscientes de que la Responsabilidad Social Organizacional (RSO) es el camino para alcanzar dos objetivos fundamentales en el ámbito de la competitividad: ser rentables y tener legitimidad ante sus grupos de interés, en el afán de generar confianza y mantenerse operando en la sociedad. Este trabajo busca hacer una reflexión sobre los valores filosóficos que sustentan el quehacer de dos corporativos originarios de México y que hoy son empresas trasnacionales. Se analiza el papel que juegan algunos de los procesos internos de los mismos y de manera específica los referentes a las formas de distribución de sus productos en un esfuerzo por aplicar los principios de la RSO, haciendo un estudio comparativo de estos casos de éxito a nivel internacional: La Costeña y Grupo Bimbo. Por otra parte, se define qué es la RSO y qué implica ser socialmente responsable en particular al interior del sistema de distribución de ambas empresas. Como punto central del trabajo se hace un esfuerzo por vincular a la RSO con la ética y se sugieren propuestas encaminadas a fortalecer la RSO en México y Latinoamérica.