bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Low Back Pain among Doctor of Physical Therapy Students
Authors: Karishma  , Muhammad Saad Khan  , HajraAmeerShaikh  , Syeda Wajeeha Raza Zaidi
Published: July 2021

Therapy (DPT) students in 12 month, 1 month and 7 days and its risk factors, also to find out which yearof physiotherapy study has most severe LBP.Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the College of Physiotherapy, JPMC,Karachi, Pakistan in January 2021. Data was collected from 115 DPT students. Students aged between18 to 25 years were included in the survey. Nordic Back Pain Questionnaire was use to the collect data.Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency, mean and chi- square test.Results: Results reveals that DPT students aged between 20 and 22 were more at risk of LBP, mostcommonly due to poor posture furthermore educational subjection of ‘sitting looking down’ and‘treating patients’ were related to LBP.Strong association was found between gender and LBP duringlast 12 months. Highest % of LBP during last 12 months was found in female in 1-7 days. Consideringthe response of all categories of LBP prevalence (LBP in 12 months, LBP in 1 month and LBP in 7days) we have found that in 5th year the highest prevalence of LBP was in 1 month (565.21).Conclusion: The data suggest that LBP faced daily by many of physiotherapy students in each yearlevel of undergraduate program. Hence this survey concluded that awareness and knowledge regardingproper body mechanics must be spread among DPT students so the global burden of LBP could bereduced.
To Find out Depression Rate in Common Clinical Condition
Authors: Minal Dhairya Bhavsar  , Yuvrajsinh K Padheriya
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose: Depression is a biological based mental illness that can have lastingemotional and physical effects. It frequently goes unrecognized in primary care, but screening has beenshown to increase detection and can lead to improved outcomes when linked to adequate treatment. TheHamilton Rating Scale for Depression has been commonly used for the assessment of depression inclinical practice. A finding of the depression following Stroke, COPD, Neck pain, Back pain and OAknee indirectly affect prognosis of the rehabilitation which is documented in many literatures but howmuch it is affected in particular disease is still controversy. So keeping this in the view the objectiveof the study is to find out depression rate in clinical condition of Stroke, COPD, Neck pain, Back painand OA knee.Method: Thirty patients of subacute and chronic conditions (>3 months of duration) of COPD, Stroke,Back pain, Neck Pain and OA knee in each group were included for the study. The Hamilton Ratingscale for Depression was taken and the patient was categorized as mild, moderate and severe.Result & Conclusion: Prevalence of depression was higher in COPD (21.23 ± 8.21(SD)) and Stroke(19.53± 7.54 (SD)) patients compared to other clinical condition whereas severely depressed patientswere found in COPD and Back pain (19.53± 7.54 (SD)) groups.
Effect of Highly Challenging Balance Training on Balance in Subjects with Chronic Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Surendra Kumar Rajbanshi  , Chandrika PC  , Diker Dev Joshi
Published: July 2021

Background: Highly challenging balance training has been suggested to induce neuroplasticity inindividuals with chronic Parkinson’s disease (PD So, the present study aims to find the effect of highlychallenging balance training on balance in subjects with chronic Parkinson’s disease.Objective: To determine the effect of highly challenging balance training on balance in subjects withchronic Parkinson’s disease.Method: 30 subjects between the age group of 45-60 years diagnosed with PD were included in thestudy and conveniently allocated to the single group after fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria.Baseline data like age, gender, Hoehn &Yahr stage was noted. Subjects underwent Highly ChallengingBalance Training 45minutes per session 4 days/ week for 4 weeks. The pre and post test of balance wasdone by using Berg balance scales(BBS).Results: The highly challenging balance training on balance showed significant improvement inbalance in post-test and also showed significantly improved balance. (p<0.05) in subjects with chronicParkinson’s disease.Conclusion: The result of the present study shows that highly challenging balance training significantlyimproved balance and showed promising transfer effects to everyday living. Long-term follow-upassessments can be done to further explore these effects. The results also show that regular training isrequired for the subjects to maintain progress.
Retention Effect of Dual Task Training on Mobility, Fear of Fall and Quality of Life in Subjects with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: A Chandraprabha  , Sudheera Kunduru
Published: July 2021

Background: Impairment in the ability to perform another task while walking i.e. , dual tasking isassociated with an increased risk of fall, diminished mobility, loss of independence leading to decreasein the quality of life among patients with Parkinson’s disease. So, the present study aims to determinethe retention effect of dual task training on mobility, fear of fall, quality of life.Method: 30 subjects between the age group of 65-75 years diagnosed with PD were included in thestudy and were allocated to a single group after fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. Baselinedata like age, gender, Hoehn&Yahr stage was noted. Subjects underwent dual task training 5 times aweek, for 4 weeks. All the subjects were assessed using Timed Up and Go test, Fall Efficacy Scale andParkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39.Results: The dual task training on mobility showed significant improvement in mobility, fear of falland quality of life in post-test 1. Retention effect (post-test 2) also showed significant improvement butcompared to post-test 1 (p<0.001), it has reduced (p<0.05).Conclusion: The result of present study shows significant retention effect of dual task training onmobility, fear of fall and quality of life. The results also show that regular training is required for thesubjects to maintain the progress achieved.
Influence of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction on Functional Status among Ambulant Stroke Survivors: A Pilot Study
Authors: Samuel SE  , Suresh BV  , Sushmitha AS
Published: July 2021

Background: Stroke is one of the diseases affecting the nervous system which controls the lowerurinary tract. Lower urinary tract dysfunction is a broad term of subjective urinary tract symptomsand may vary according to the course of disease. The presence of Lower urinary tract dysfunction is anegative prognostic indicator for a variety of health and rehabilitation outcomes across the spectrumof care. This study was carried out to find whether severity of lower urinary tract dysfunction has aninfluence on functional status among ambulant stroke survivors.Methodology: 20 ambulant stroke survivors with the mean age of 68.55±8.02 were evaluated usingCore Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score to assess the severity of lower urinary tract dysfunction andBarthel Index to assess the functional status.Conclusion: This pilot study found weak negative correlation (r=-0.26) between Core lower urinarytract symptom score and functional status; however it was found to be statistically non-significant(p>0.05).
A Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) of Wavelength 905 NM and 808 NM in Management of Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Subhashchandra Rai  , Nihad K P  , Riyas Basheer K B
Published: July 2021

Background: low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders whichare highly prevalent among the general population. Management of this disorder includes numerousinterventions which depend on severity of pain. Laser therapy is a non-invasive method to help reducemusculoskeletal disorders like chronic low back pain. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of lowlevel laser therapy with wavelength 905 nm & 808 nm.Method: The participants received low level laser therapy with wavelength 905 nm & 808 nm once aday for 15 days. Stretching, strengthening and core exercise are also encouraged on the same days toimprove the lower back mobility and stability.Conclusion: The comparison of pain shows an average improvement of 3.20 ± 0.99 and 2.26 ± 0.44and disability shows an average improvement of 10.67 ± 5.48 and 10.22 ± 4.72 in 905 nm & 808 nmrespectively. The findings show that, after 15 treatment sessions, Laser therapy with 905 nm & 808 nmare effective for chronic low back pain. But 905 nm LLLT had a better clinical implication than 808nm LLLT.
Effect of Tilt Table Training on Balance among Subjects with Basal Ganglia Bleed: A Pilot Study
Authors: Surendra Kumar Rajbanshi  , Diker Dev Joshi
Published: July 2021

Background: Basal ganglia bleed is a major cause of disability with 40% subjects suffering frommoderate to severe disability. Among different treatments, mobilization on a tilt-table and functionaltraining, which consisted of strengthening and stretching exercises of the limbs, postural control trainingin sitting and standing positions, therapist-guided techniques for facilitating normal movement, andsimple forward stepping might have effect on balance in subjects with Basal ganglia bleed.Objective: To see the effect of tilt table mobilization and functional training on balance in subjects withbasal ganglia bleed.Methodology: 10 subjects within age group of 18-65 years diagnosed with Basal ganglia bleed wereincluded in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. After measuring the baseline data,subjects were given mobilization on tilt table and functional training 30 minutes per session 5 days aweek for 6 weeks. Pre and post measures of balance were assessed using dynamic gait index (DGI).Results: Mobilization on tilt table and functional training on balance in subjects with basal gangliableed showed statistically significant improvement in balance (p<0.05) on paired t test.Conclusion: Tilt table training can be beneficial for improving balance in subjects with basal gangliableed.
Correlation between Postural Stabilty and Functional Disabilty in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Sushma Shrestha Desar  , Priya S  , Bhaskara Bhandary  , Cyanna Joseph D’souza
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between static and dynamic postural stability and functionaldisability associated with chronic low back pain (CLBP).Methods: A total of 80 patients (age 44.64 ± 1.27 years) were recruited in this cross sectional studyusing convenience sampling. The One Leg Stand Test (OLST) was used to assess static balance witheyes open and eyes closed; Y Balance Test- Lower Quarter (YBT-LQ) was used to assess dynamicbalance in the anterior, posterolateral and posteromedial directions; and functional disability wasassessed using modified Oswestry Disability Index (mODI). Karl Pearson correlation coefficient wasused to estimate the relationship between the variables.Results and Conclusion: mODI was negatively correlated to OLST with eyes closed (r= -0.721); YBTLQcomposite score (r= -0.865); and reach distances in the posterolateral (r= -0.815) and posteromedial(r= -0.832) directions suggesting that control of postural stability was reduced with an increase indisability in patients with CLBP.
A direct comparison of attentional orienting to spatial and temporal positions in visual working memory
Authors: Heuer Anna , Rolfs Martin
Published: July 2021

Different visual attributes effectively guide attention to specific items in visual working memory (VWM), ensuring that particularly important memory contents are readily available. Predictable temporal structures contribute to this efficient use of VWM: items are prospectively prioritized when they are expected to be needed. Occasionally, however, visual events only gain relevance through their timing after they have passed. We investigated retrospective attentional orienting based on temporal position by directly comparing it with orienting to spatial locations, which is typically considered the most powerful selection mechanism. In a colour-change-detection task, in which items appeared sequentially at different locations, symbolic number cues validly indicated the temporal or spatial location of the upcoming probe item either before encoding (precues; Experiment 1) or during maintenance (retrocues; Experiments 1–3). Temporal and spatial cues were physically identical and only differed in their mapping onto either temporal or spatial positions. Predictive cues yielded cueing benefits (i.e., higher accuracy and shorter reaction times) as compared with neutral cues, with larger benefits for precues than for retrocues. Importantly, spatial and temporal cueing benefits did not differ. Equivalent retrocueing benefits were also observed across different cue-probe intervals and irrespective of whether spatial or temporal position was used as retrieval cue, indicating that items were directly bound to temporal position and not prioritized via a space-based mechanism. These findings show that spatial and temporal properties can be used equally well to flexibly prioritise representations held in VWM and they highlight the functional similarities of space and time in VWM.
“Los pueblos indígenas desarrollaron metodologías muy complejas de educación y comprensión del mundo”. Entrevista a Denilson Baniwa.
Authors: Rocha Marcelo Garcia da
Published: July 2021

Denilson Baniwa, es artista, curador (comisario), diseño, ilustrador y activista, nació en el pueblo Darí, a orillas del Río Negro, en la ciudad de Barcelos (Amazonas, Brasil). Sus trabajos transitan en diferentes soportes: pintura, ilustración, performance, videos, fotografías, entre otros, sin perder de vistas la tecnología de su pueblo Baniwa. Es conocido por romper paradigmas, abriendo el protagonismo indígena al arte contemporáneo brasileño. Fue ganador del premio PIPA en 2019, tiene trabajos como comisario en la serie Mekukradjá (2016/2019) (serie de debates del Itaú cultural) y en la exposición Reantropofagia en la Universidad Federal Fluminese UFF (2019). Entre sus producciones como artista se destacan sus performances e intervenciones como Pajé-onça Hackeando en la 33° Bienal de Artes de São Paulo (2018). Participó en exposiciones en Brasil y en el exterior en espacios como: Centro Cultural del Banco del Brasil, la Pinacoteca de la provincia de São Paolo, el Museo Afro Brasil (2019), o en Arctic Amazon Symposium (2019) en Canadá. En 2021 participará de la Bienal de Sydney (Australia). En esta entrevista hablamos de arte indígena contemporáneo, colonialismo en el arte, diálogo, traducción, desobediencia epistémica, insurgencia del arte indígena contemporáneo, universidad, hegemonía de personas blancas en el sistema de artes, enseñanza de arte y la posibilidad de otras historias del arte.
Arte y posmemoria. El arte como preservación de la memoria tras el conflicto.
Authors: Barbancho Rodríguez Juan Ramón
Published: July 2021

Desde tal compromiso es desde donde comencé mi investigación hace ahora casi cuatro años, aunque ya había trabajado y publicado sobre temas que ponen en relación el arte, la política y sociedad. Me preocupa y me interesa un arte que esté en relación directa con su contexto, con aquello que ocurre y que preocupa a las personas; un arte que sea capaz no solo de representar estos asuntos sino de aportar algo para solucionarlos, o al menos darles visibilidad para que todo el mundo se entere. Para esto el poder de las imágenes es casi infinito.
olor de las playas en la digitalidad.
Authors: Plaza Rafael Andrés
Published: July 2021

Considerado el balneario insigne de Argentina, y por extensión uno de los más importantes de Latinoamérica, la ciudad de Mar del Plata ubicada en la costa atlántica del continente sudamericano, es reconocida internacionalmente por sus playas, la presencia de lobos marinos y sus atractivos sitios turísticos, además de albergar al renombrado festival de cine que lleva su nombre. La cita fílmica siempre se ha visto beneficiada por el notorio encanto de la urbe que ofrece un aliciente extra para sus visitantes. No obstante, en noviembre del año pasado al celebrarse la edición número treinta y cinco del encuentro, como con muchos otros eventos internacionales, se tomó la decisión de que se realizaría de forma virtual, lo que desembocó inevitablemente en que todos esos cautivadores elementos visuales antes mencionados del puerto, fueran apreciados únicamente a través de imágenes en spots publicitarios del certamen
New Research on Confucian Christian Liu Ning during early Qing Dynasty
Authors: Qinghe XIAO
Published: July 2021

Researches on common Christians in the early Qing dynasty is relatively scarce. ’I'his essay tried to uncover and investigate the family? lives? writings?communications and thought of Liu Ning> who was a Christian and also a Confucian adept in studying ancient Confucian classics and Chinese philology and phonology in the early Qing. Some new historical materials prove that Liu was born in 1 620, not as some scholars said in 1625; and he died nearly in 1715 when he was 96 years old. He was probably baptized by Prosper Intorcctta (1625——1696.) in Nanfeng County or by other missionaries before Liu went to Chongyi County to hold the position of Confucian instructor in 1687. This essay also discusses some of Liu's thoughts?such as Restoring Confucianism and Replacing Buddhism and so on. The last part points out the changes of Christianity's legitimacy from the late Ming to the early Qing dynasties and concludes some main reasons for these changes.
Neutrality is Impossible: Nationalism, Unequal Treaties and the National Christian Council of China 1925-1926
Authors: WANG Marina Xiaojing
Published: July 2021

"This article takes the National Christian Council of China (NCC) as a ease study. By examining the responses from various stakeholder both mainline Chinese Protestants and western mission within the NCC to the campaigns for the abrogation of the unequal treaties during the period of 1925——1926, it aims to reveal the tension and interaction between Christian missions? Chinese churches and the nationalist discourse. This article argues that although both Protestant missions and Chinese churches were in general the beneficiaries of the utoleration clauses“ of the unequal treaties and were aware of the necessity of drawing a clear borderline with the treaties > the two parties viewed the matter from different standpoints. To the majority of the missionary societies associated with the NCC > it was a diplomatic matter to be solved through formal negotiation between the governments. Whereas to most of the mainline Chinese Protestants> it had developed into a fundamental factor causing not only Christianity's unfavourable position in Chinese society, but also China's backwardness and uhumiliation. Considerably influenced by the nationalist discourse? they ardently engaged themselves in the campaigns to abrogate the unequal treaties > individually or as a group. Specific Chinese socio-political context and the nationalist discourse contributed significantly to the divergence of views. The NCC, incorporating both sides?was obliged to make a prompt response to the treaty issue and struggled to find common ground among the cooperating bodies.
ANALISA KINERJA MESIN OVEN PENGERING BUAH BERKAPASITAS 1 KG
Authors: Saputra Adi
Published: July 2021

One way to process pineapples, pineapples are classified as highly perishable and rotten foods. For this reason, it is necessary to handle fruit to save the abundance of fruit that occurs during harvest. One example of what the community has done is dealing with the abundant harvest of pineapples by making fruit as a daily snack, namely getting dry fruit products that are ready to eat by making pineapple chips. The production of fruit kiripik is usually done by frying which is done by frying which contains oil which is usually called conventional frying. Therefore, with this oven drying machine, it can help the community in making pineapple chips. The purpose of this study was to determine the moisture content in the manufacture of pineapple chips in a drying oven machine, to analyze the ratio of temperature settings that were set 95 to 110 in the drying process. The fastest drying time is achieved at drying at a drying temperature of 110 ° C.
Rancang Bangun Pengaman Sepeda Motor Menggunakan RFID Berbasis Arduino
Authors: Ridha Fauzi Muhammad
Published: July 2021

The safety of a motorcycle is very important for vehicle owners. Until now, most motorbikes still rely only on the key to contact the vehicle itself. In the case of vehicle theft, it is very easy for the perpetrator of the theft to use the letter "T" key. Therefore an additional vehicle safety is required which is difficult to break apart from the ignition key. The purpose of this research is to design and implement motorcycle safety using Arduino-based Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) as additional vehicle safety. The author uses an RFID card / tag to add security to the vehicle starting system with a card / tag reading distance that can be read by an RFID reader. The ID code on the RFID Card must be inputted into the Arduino so that the RFID reader can read the ID Card that has been inputted into the Arduino. Based on the results of the tests that have been done, it is found that the reading distance of the RFID Card / Tag ranges from 1 cm to 3.5 cm. If the correct ID code is inputted, the electrical system is active and vice versa if the ID code entered is wrong, the buzzer will sound and the electrical system in the vehicle is not active / does not turn
Potential avenues of linking the energy efficiency and the sustainable economic development in the Balkan region
Authors: Ridic Ognjen , Mangafic Jasmina , Nikolic Josip , Smjecanin Azra
Published: July 2021

The energy efficiency represents a global and multi-faceted issue. It is especially important in the former socialist countries belonging to the Balkan’s region being geographically located in the Southeastern Europe (SE). The research problem addressed in this paper focuses on the unexplored potential links between the energy efficiency and the economic development. Energy efficiency is deemed to be highly job intensive phenomenon. It delivers multiple long-range benefits by the means of increasing competitiveness, energy affordability, and decreasing energy bills. Furthermore, it seeks to tackle the important issues of reduced reliance on energy importing, reduction in harmful greenhouse gas emissions and freeing up of funds to be critically invested in other economic areas. Energy efficiency, efficient and effective policies have been found to be directly linked to job creation and deliverance of the economic stimulus. These types of jobs are related to the activities with the paramount aim in reduction of the energy consumption. Investments in energy efficiency in the buildings and construction sector have been found to have brought about the greatest macroeconomic impact. This impact is due to the increasing need for the construction of new buildings and renovation of existing ones, in addition to its considerable potential in activation of the above listed industries’ value chains. The introduction of energy management system (EMS) being exemplified through the set of processes which utilize data to maintain and enhance energy efficiency and operational efficiency could be one of the important avenues to pursue. On the other hand, the EMS reduces the energy intensity and detrimental environmental polluting impact.
Association between urinary crystals and bacterial flora in urinary tract infection suspected patients
Authors: Abeysekara W. E. C. M. , Kehelpannala S. A. K. , Weerawansa K. R. , Priyadarshani A. M. B. , Arachchi A. M. P.
Published: July 2021

Urinary stones are an increasing clinical problem in Sri Lanka. It has
been reported that 1/10 individuals experience urinary stones, yet the
mechanisms responsible remain unknown. Bacteria have long been
recognized to contribute to urinary crystals. However, the role of
bacteria in development of urinary crystals has not been extensively
investigated. This study was carried out to investigate the association
between urinary bacteria flora and urinary crystals in patients with
symptoms of urinary tract infections (UTI). Forty five UTI suspected
patients were enrolled in the study. Mid-stream urine specimens were
collected and cultured on Hi-Chrome UTI culture media. Culture plates
were incubated at 37 ºC for 18-24 hours. Colony appearance and colony
count were recorded and this was followed by urinary crystal count by
crystal concentration technique. The Fisher’s exact test was carried out
to determine the association between urine crystals and presence of
urinary bacterial flora. Out of 45 subjects, 29 were positive for urinary
crystals, where 14 were females and 15 were males. Nineteen patients
were culture positive while 18 were positive for both crystals and
culture. The patients between 30-40 years showed a higher possibility
to have urinary crystals and organisms. Predominant crystal type and
organism detected were calcium oxalate and coliforms, respectively.
Male patients in 30-40 years presented with a higher crystal
concentration compared to other males. All female patients, between
30-40 years, who were positive for coliforms and presented with higher
crystal concentration compared to other females in the study
population. A significant association (p <0.001) was observed between
presence of urinary crystals and bacterial flora in UTI suspected
patients.
Information Support as a Way to Improve Lifestyle Modification Adherence
Authors: Tarasevich Andrey F. , Kobzar Igor G. , Strokova Elena V.
Published: July 2021

The treatment compliance of cardiovascular and metabolic patients is one of the topical issues of modern medicine. Nowadays thereare not many effective interventions, which could increase adherence of patients to administered treatment. Aim. To determine the effectiveness of the program for correcting the eating behavior and physical activity of participants against thebackground of long-term informational support by the doctor, based on the analysis of the clinical and laboratory data dynamics, dailyreports of participants on the performed physical, control stress lactate tests and on the quality of life assessment. Material and methods. An open-label prospective study involved volunteers with a high body mass index (BMI), irrational diets,chronic self-imposed sleep deprivation and hypodynamia. Relevant blood chemistry values and microbiota were measured at thebeginning and at the end of the study; fasting glycemia, eating behavior and physical exercises were monitored on a daily basis. For 6months, the information support and comprehensive rehabilitation aimed at the lifestyle modification were provided. Results. At the end of the program, a reliable positive dynamics of body weight was recorded in 18 volunteers from 20% or more, ineight people – a decrease in body weight amounted to 20% of the laboratory indicators. When comparing studied laboratory indicatorsof 0-6 months, a statistically significant reduction in such indicators was obtained as a serum glucose concentration (median 5.8 VS4.4 mmol / l, p <0.01), homocysteine (median 8,9 VS 7, 7 μmol / l, p <0,01), atherogenic index (median 2.5 VS 2.4, p <0.05), with increasein vitamin D3 concentration (median 21,5 VS 54.9 ng / ml, p <0.01) in patients, compared to the indicators before complex rehabilitation.A statistically significant (p <0.01) improvement in well-being was recorded on all scales of the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire,which remained in dynamics a year after the program is completed. Conclusion. Permanent training, discrete screening and episodic treatment, implemented in programs of information support forlifestyle modification, can be considered as an effective method of involving an individual in the process of personalized health preservationand improvement and, ultimately, the population as a whole.
EL DISCURSO POLÍTICO DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA PSICOSOCIOLÓGICA Y SEMIOCOMUNICACIONAL DE PATRICK CHARAUDEAU
Authors: Martínez Elia
Published: July 2021

En este trabajo nos interesa delinear las principales características del discurso político desde la perspectiva del análisis del discurso, especialmente desde el enfoque psicosociológico y semiocomunicacional propuesto por el lingüista francés Patrick Charaudeau.
Herbig Ae/Be Stars toward the Dark Cloud LDN 1667*
Authors: Pereira C. B. , Miranda L. F. , Marcolino W. L. F.
Published: July 2021

We report the discovery of a new emission-line object, named SPH 4-South = (GAIA EDR3 5616553300192230272), toward the dark cloud LDN 1667. This object came to our attention after inspecting public images that show a faint diffuse nebula a few arcseconds south of SPH 4, an emission-line object previously classified as a T Tauri star. We present high-resolution spectra and analyzed JHK photometry of SPH 4 and SPH 4-South and new narrowband and archival broadband images of these objects. A comparison of the spectra of SPH 4 and SPH 4-South with high-resolution ones of DG Cir and R Mon strongly suggests that SPH 4 and SPH 4-South are Herbig Ae/Be stars. The classification of SPH 4-South is further supported by using a k-NN algorithm to its position in an H−K versus J−H color–color diagram. Both stars are detected in the four WISE bands and the WISE colors allow us to classify SPH 4 as a Class I and SPH 4-South as a Class II source. We also show that the faint nebula is most probably associated with SPH 4-South. Using published results on LDN 1667 and the Gaia Early Data Release 3, we conclude that SPH 4 is a member of LDN 1667. The case of SPH 4-South is not clear because the determination of its distance and proper motion could be affected by the nebulosity around the star, although membership of SPH 4-South to LDN 1667 cannot be ruled out.
No Rotational Variability in C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli-Bernstein) at 23.8 au and 21.1 au as Seen by TESS
Authors: Ridden-Harper Ryan , Bannister Michele T. , Kokotanekova Rosita
Published: July 2021

The recent discovery of a hundred-kilometer-scale comet, C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli-Bernstein), has provoked interest in the activity displayed by such a large body inbound from the Oort cloud. We examine the serendipitous observation of UN271 in long-cadence imaging by the TESS satellite in 2018 and 2020, while Bernardinelli-Bernstein was at 23.8 and 21.3 au, for any notable periodicity. Bernardinelli-Bernstein does not display detectable rotational variability above the noise level in these data.
Algorithmic Speedups and Posterior Biases from Orbit Fitting of Directly Imaged Exoplanets in Cartesian Coordinates
Authors: Ferrer-Chávez Rodrigo , Blunt Sarah , Wang Jason J.
Published: July 2021

A planet’s orbit encodes information about its formation and history. However, exoplanets detected via direct-imaging are often only observed over a small fraction of their periods. Several problems arise from such unconstraining data, like slow convergence of standard orbit-fitting algorithms and significant biases in the estimation of orbital parameters. One possible way of overcoming some of these problems is performing orbit-fits in orbital bases distinct from the usual Keplerian elements. We explore this approach by fitting orbits in Cartesian coordinates, that is, estimating the position and velocity vectors for a planet at a given epoch. We saw a significant improvement in the MCMC convergence time compared to the Keplerian elements, and different posterior shapes were observed with different priors. In particular, setting Gaussian priors in the line-of-sight components (z and

z

˙

) produced posteriors more similar to the ones obtained via the Keplerian basis compared to uniform priors on them.
Absence of Rapid Line Variations in Consecutive FEROS and NARVAL Spectra of Maia
Authors: Monier Richard
Published: July 2021

The comparison of four consecutive high signal-to-noise FEROS spectra of Maia, the fourth brightest member of the Pleiades open cluster, taken over 10 minutes, reveals no real line variations. The analysis of four consecutive I NARVAL profiles of Maia taken over 18 minutes does not show variations either. In particular, the five lines of He i at 4471.48 Å are constant over this timescale in both sets of data. The He i line at 3926.54 Å is very broad and diffuse compared to other photospheric lines of Maia.
Six Outbursts of Comet 46P/Wirtanen
Authors: Kelley Michael S. P. , Farnham Tony L. , Li 李 Jian-Yang 荐扬 , Bodewits Dennis , Snodgrass Colin , Allen Johannes ,   —, Bellm Eric C. , Coughlin Michael W. , Drake Andrew J. , Duev Dmitry A. , Graham Matthew J. , Kupfer Thomas , Masci Frank J. , Reiley Dan , Walters Richard ,   Zwicky Transient Facility Collaboration, Dominik M. , Jørgensen U. G. , Andrews A. E. , Bach-Møller N. , Bozza V. , Burgdorf M. J. , Campbell-White J. , Dib S. , Fujii Y. I. , Hinse T. C. , Hundertmark M. , Khalouei E. , Longa-Peña P. , Rabus M. , Rahvar S. , Sajadian S. , Skottfelt J. , Southworth J. , Tregloan-Reed J. , Unda-Sanzana E. ,   MiNDSTEp Collaboration
Published: July 2021

Cometary activity is a manifestation of sublimation-driven processes at the surface of nuclei. However, cometary outbursts may arise from other processes that are not necessarily driven by volatiles. In order to fully understand nuclear surfaces and their evolution, we must identify the causes of cometary outbursts. In that context, we present a study of mini-outbursts of comet 46P/Wirtanen. Six events are found in our long-term lightcurve of the comet around its perihelion passage in 2018. The apparent strengths range from −0.2 to −1.6 mag in a 5″ radius aperture and correspond to dust masses between ∼104 and 106 kg, but with large uncertainties due to the unknown grain size distributions. However, the nominal mass estimates are on the same order of magnitude as the mini-outbursts at comet 9P/Tempel 1 and 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, events that were notably lacking at comet 103P/Hartley 2. We compare the frequency of outbursts at the four comets, and suggest that the surface of 46P has large-scale (∼10–100 m) roughness that is intermediate to that of 67P and 103P, if not similar to the latter. The strength of the outbursts appear to be correlated with time since the last event, but a physical interpretation with respect to solar insolation is lacking. We also examine Hubble Space Telescope images taken about two days following a near-perihelion outburst. No evidence for macroscopic ejecta was found in the image, with a limiting radius of about 2 m.
Comparative Analysis of Safety and Feasibility of Suture Versus Sutureless Pediatric Cataract Surgery
Authors: Sen Pradhnya , Shah Chintan , Mohan Amit , Sen Alok , Jain Elesh
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

To compare the safety, feasibility, and outcomes of clear corneal cataract surgery with or without sutures in children (2 to 8 years old) with congenital or developmental cataracts.

Methods:

One hundred seventy consecutive eligible eyes with pediatric cataracts were randomized into treatment groups depending on closure of clear corneal incisions: suture group and sutureless hydroclosure group (sutureless group). Patients were evaluated on days 1, 7, 30, and 90 postoperatively, with an emphasis on wound leakage from incisions and complications.

Results:

Wound leakage from any corneal incisions was not observed in both groups. Shallow anterior chamber on the first postoperative day was observed in 2 and 3 eyes in the suture and sutureless groups, respectively (
P
= .48). Hypotony was not observed in any patients. Intraocular pressure measurements were comparable on follow-up visits (
P
> .05). Mean cylindrical error was significantly greater (
P
= .03) in the suture group than the sutureless group (1.01 and 0.74 diopters, respectively) after 1 month. One patient developed endophthalmitis after suture removal in the suture group.

Conclusions:

Sutureless hydroclosure of incisions is not inferior compared to suturing in pediatric cataracts. This avoids suture-related complications while reducing the astigmatic error and is thus potentially less amblyogenic. However, sutures must be used whenever the incision architecture is compromised.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(4):246–253.]
Ocular Juvenile Xanthogranuloma With BRAF V600E Mutation in a Child
Authors: Zhang Chengyue , Feng Zhao Xun , Solarte Carlos E. , Li Li
Published: July 2021

The authors present a case of bilateral painless progressive proptosis. A diagnosis of ocular juvenile xanthogranuloma was made based on clinical manifestations, histopathology, and immunohistochemistrical staining. Genetic testing discovered the BRAF V600E mutation. This patient did not respond to standard chemotherapy; however, he demonstrated regression after anti-BRAF targeted therapy.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(4):e19–e21.]
Regular attractors of asymptotically autonomous stochastic 3D Brinkman-Forchheimer equations with delays
Authors: Zhang Qiangheng , Li Yangrong
Published: July 2021

We study asymptotically autonomous dynamics for non-autonom-ous stochastic 3D Brinkman-Forchheimer equations with general delays (containing variable delay and distributed delay). We first prove the existence of a pullback random attractor not only in the initial space but also in the regular space. We then prove that, under the topology of the regular space, the time-fibre of the pullback random attractor semi-converges to the random attractor of the autonomous stochastic equation as the time-parameter goes to minus infinity. The general delay force is assumed to be pointwise Lipschitz continuous only, which relaxes the uniform Lipschitz condition in the literature and includes more examples.
Qualitative analysis of a diffusive SEIR epidemic model with linear external source and asymptomatic infection in heterogeneous environment
Authors: Tian Xuan , Guo Shangjiang , Liu Zhisu
Published: July 2021

This paper is devoted to an SEIR epidemic model with variable recruitment and both exposed and infected populations having infectious in a spatially heterogeneous environment. The basic reproduction number is defined and the existence of endemic equilibrium is obtained, and the relationship between the basic reproduction number and diffusion coefficients is established. Then the global stability of the endemic equilibrium in a homogeneous environment is investigated. Finally, the asymptotic profiles of endemic equilibrium are discussed, when the diffusion rates of susceptible, exposed and infected individuals tend to zero or infinity. The theoretical results show that limiting the movement of exposed, infected and recovered individuals can eliminate the disease in low-risk sites, while the disease is still persistent in high-risk sites. Therefore, the presence of exposed individuals with infectious greatly increases the difficulty of disease prevention and control.
Stability and dynamic transition of vegetation model for flat arid terrains
Authors: Jia Lan , Li Liang
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we aim to investigate the dynamic transition of the Klausmeier-Gray-Scott (KGS) model in a rectangular domain or a square domain. Our research tool is the dynamic transition theory for the dissipative system. Firstly, we verify the principle of exchange of stability (PES) by analyzing the spectrum of the linear part of the model. Secondly, by utilizing the method of center manifold reduction, we show that the model undergoes a continuous transition or a jump transition. For the model in a rectangular domain, we discuss the transitions of the model from a real simple eigenvalue and a pair of simple complex eigenvalues. our results imply that the model bifurcates to exactly two new steady state solutions or a periodic solution, whose stability is determined by a non-dimensional coefficient. For the model in a square domain, we only focus on the transition from a real eigenvalue with algebraic multiplicity 2. The result shows that the model may bifurcate to an \begin{document}$ S^{1} $\end{document} attractor with 8 non-degenerate singular points. In addition, a saddle-node bifurcation is also possible. At the end of the article, some numerical results are performed to illustrate our conclusions.
Variable step size predictor design for a class of linear discrete-time censored system
Authors: Li Zhifang ,   School of Mathematics and Statistics, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China, Zhao Huihong , Meng Hailong , Chen Yong ,   North Automatic Control Technology Institute, Taiyuan, China
Published: July 2021

We propose a novel variable step size predictor design method for a class of linear discrete-time censored system. We divide the censored system into two parts. The system measurement equation in one part doesn't contain the censored data, and the system measurement equation in the other part is the censored signal. For the normal one, we use the Kalman filtering technology to design one-step predictor. For the one that the measurement equation is censored, we determine the predictor step size according to the censored data length and give the gain compensation parameter matrix $β(\mathfrak{s})$ for the case predictor with obvious errors applying the minimum error variance trace, projection formula, and empirical analysis, respectively. Finally, a simulation example shows that the variable step size predictor based on empirical analysis has better estimation performance.
Comparing school choice and college admissions mechanisms by their strategic accessibility
Authors: Bonkoungou Somouaoga , Nesterov Alexander
Published: July 2021

Dozens of school districts and college admissions systems around the world have reformed their admissions rules in recent years. As the main motivation for these reforms, the policymakers cited the strategic flaws of the rules in place: students had incentives to game the system. However, after the reforms, almost none of the new rules became strategy‐proof. We explain this puzzle. We show that the rules used after the reforms are less prone to gaming according to a criterion called “strategic accessibility”: each reform expands the set of schools wherein each student can never get admission by manipulation. We also show that the existing explanation of the puzzle due to Pathak and Sönmez (2013) is incomplete.
Bottleneck links, essential intermediaries, and competing paths of diffusion in networks
Authors: Manea Mihai
Published: July 2021

We investigate how information goods are priced and diffused over links in a network. A new equivalence relation between nodes captures the effects of network architecture and locations of sellers on the division of profits, and characterizes the topology of competing (and potentially overlapping) diffusion paths. Sellers indirectly appropriate profits over intermediation chains from buyers in their equivalence classes. Links within the same class constitute bottlenecks for information diffusion and confer monopoly power. Links that bridge distinct classes are redundant for diffusion and generate competition among sellers. In dense networks, competition limits the scope of indirect appropriability and intellectual property rights foster innovation.
The Progress of Science and Technology as an Element in the Evolution of Education
Authors: Miąso Józef
Published: July 2021

Au cours de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, qui connut une transformation radicale des contenus et du statut social des sciences et techniques, les liens entre l’évolution scientifique d’une part et l’économie et la politique de l’autre, se sont resserrés. La science a changé aussi bien les conditions matérielles de l’homme que son regard sur le monde. La généralisation de ce regard scientifique a favorisé les réformes éducatives, aussi bien dans le sens d’une démocratisation (l’école obligatoire et gratuite) qu’en ce qui concerne le contenu de l’enseignement. Ceci amena, à son tour, un intérêt accru pour la science dans toutes les couches de la société et à tous les âges, témoin, par exemple, le bond en avant de l’éducation des adultes et de l’autodidaxie.
L’omniprésence des produits de la science et des techniques dans la vie quotidienne et surtout sur le lieu de travail de l’ouvrier, contribua puissamment à augmenter le prestige de la science jusque dans les couches populaires, créant ainsi une demande d’éducation venant de la base, à laquelle les politiques éducatives des gouvernements ont essayé de répondre. Toutefois, cette demande ne se voulut pas purement instrumentale : la science, reconnue comme une valeur autonome, aidait à créer le sentiment que l’éducation était un dû, un enrichissement personnel qui ne saurait se réduire à sa signification sociale et aux limites que celle-ci pourrait imposer à son extension.
Energy-Efficient Homes
Authors: Moreno-Rangel Alejandro , Carrillo Genny
Published: July 2021

The built environment has changed dramatically due to the increased interest in mitigating climate change. Homes are becoming more energy-efficient, responding to energy issues, and reducing carbon emissions primarily. Nevertheless, we started to realize the unintended consequences of these changes that impact a home's indoor environment and occupants' health. Indoor air quality is a critical aspect as indoor pollutants are increasing in homes. More than ever, it is crucial to adhere to the best ventilation practices, building materials, and cleaning products. Additionally, behaviour changes, such as those for healthy homes, can prevent their health impact. Interdisciplinary research between public health and building professionals needs to educate citizens and present evidence for legislative changes and recommendations to spur change to reduce indoor air pollution and protect vulnerable populations preventing harmful effects on future generations' health.
Water Efficiency Evaluation Analysis Among Environmental Certification Methods
Authors: Samamé Zegarra Estela Karem
Published: July 2021

Developing countries such as Peru are not strangers in promoting sustainability in buildings through local certification programs such as My Green House funded by international organizations; or architectural design competitions for houses such as “Build to Grow”; compliance standards such as the one published in March 2018, “Climate Change Law”; in addition to other optional legal standards such as “EM.110 Thermal and Light Comfort with Energy Efficiency”: a technical code of voluntary sustainable construction; and the entry of international environmental certifications such as EDGE and LEED, which are currently very welcomed by real estate developers due to the incentives. One of them is the height bonus, which is promoted by some municipal ordinances, mostly located in the capital city of Lima as a product of a project developed and promoted by the IFC and World Bank. On the other hand, in the retail or office sector, they are promoted by green corporate policies; however, there is a long way to go.