bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Existências mínimas
Authors: Pérez Carmen Lucia Vidal , Ferreira Helen Pereira , Barbosa Marcele Cristina Teixeira
Published: November 2021

Buscamos fomentar alguns apontamentos em torno da questão levantada por Deleuze e Guattari sobre um corpo-sem-órgãos. Tal conceito tem como inspiração o trabalho de Antonin Arthaud e nega a pressão de um corpo organizado. Trata-se da experiência fotográfica de Zazu, um menino “autista” de oito anos, que não faz uso da linguagem verbal de maneira funcional. Cartografamos as experiências de Zazu com a câmera fotográfica. Ao deslocar o olhar para as imagens produzidas por Zazu, perdemos a configuração humana “adquirida” como ideal. As imagens de Zazu nos remete a refletir sobre como reagimos a esse turbilhão de imagens-clichês. Suas imagens desarranjam nossos discursos sobre as coisas e os seres altamente representativos; há, em suas fotografias a potência do corte do todo em partes e da retenção do efêmero, um olhar vago, um olhar que desloca o corpo-self para o corpo “asimbólico”, corpo-sem-órgãos cheio de um “olhar aí...”
Aplicabilidade e benefícios de softwares e simuladores em processo de ensino-aprendizagem
Authors: Celestino Marcelo Salvador , Valente Vânia Cristina Pires Nogueira
Published: November 2021

O objetivo deste artigo foi o de identificar a aplicabilidade e benefícios de softwares, processos de simulação e simuladores para a prática educacional em diferentes contextos. O texto aqui apresentado integrou a fundamentação teórica e viabilizou a dissertação de mestrado intitulada “Aplicabilidade de softwares de simulação para o ensino de Tomografia Computadorizada para técnicos e tecnólogos em Radiologia”. A literatura consultada evidencia a aplicabilidade da simulação e suas vertentes em diferentes áreas, como gestão, indústria, automobilística, militar, Saúde, dentre outras, com enfoque educacional. Os benefícios descritos na literatura referem-se à aquisição de habilidades, ao desenvolvimento de competências, à repetição exaustiva de uma atividade sem prejuízos ou riscos a pacientes, ao baixo custo, dentre outros, por meio de softwares e simuladores, e salientam o uso destes como ferramentas de apoio ao docente para o ensino-aprendizagem.
Representações de docentes sobre alunos(as) das classes populares
Authors: Ribeiro Andrea Porto , Campos Vanesssa Therezinha Bueno
Published: November 2021

O presente trabalho apresenta reflexões oriundas de uma pesquisa desenvolvida entre os anos de 2015 a 2017, na Linha de Pesquisa Saberes e Práticas Educativas, no âmbito do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, curso de Mestrado, da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, cujos objetivos encontram-se vinculados à luta pela Educação Pública com qualidade e socialmente referenciada, a favor das classes populares. Orientadas pelos escritos de Freire (1987, 1996), de Brandão (1983), de Novais (2002), de Streck (2008, 2009) sobre a escolarização das classes populares no Brasil, de Sacristán (2005) sobre a construção social do aluno, da aluna e de Moscovici (1961, 2007) e Alves-Mazzotti (2008, 2010) sobre a Teoria das Representações Sociais, a pesquisa realizada buscou apreender os sentidos e significados das representações dos(as) professores(as) da Educação Infantil, de escolas da rede municipal de Uberlândia - MG, sobre estudantes das classes populares, a fim de discutirmos o impacto dos sistemas de referência na qualidade social da educação. Esperamos, dessa forma, contribuir para esclarecer, a partir das reflexões apresentadas, aspectos relativos às oportunidades de escolarização das classes populares, especialmente àquelas relativas a discussão das representações de professores sobre as crianças matriculadas na pré-escola e a possibilidade de efetivação do direito a Educação formal como direito humano. Objetivamos também, com base nos achados da pesquisa, contribuir com as políticas públicas destinadas à formação contínua de professores a partir da reflexão sobre as necessidades formativas no contexto da escola pública.
O alinhamento entre learning analytics e a general data protection regulation
Authors: Bassani Rafael Vescovi , Cazella Sílvio César
Published: November 2021

O rápido crescimento da modalidade de educação a distância propiciou que pesquisadores apresentassem estudos variados relacionados ao tema.  Junto a estes estudos emergem conceitos tais como o de Learning Analytics (LA), que se constitui em uma área que se propõe a medir, coletar, analisar e relatar dados de discentes em seus contextos. Todavia, o uso destes dados de discentes traz à tona nova preocupação relacionada a proteção, privacidade e o correto uso dos dados. A União Europeia já se encontra legislando sobre a proteção de dados pessoais com um amplo Regulamento Geral sobre a Proteção de Dados (GDPR). No Brasil, a legislação hoje disponível constitui-se na Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais (LGPDP) e seu efeito se inicia em agosto de 2020. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o resultado de uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) que buscou identificar pesquisas acadêmicas relacionadas a temática Learning Analytics (LA) e General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Após a aplicação dos critérios de Inclusão e exclusão sobre os artigos obtidos, foram selecionados dez artigos para análise. Com a análise foi possível concluir que existe um alinhamento entre os conceitos de LA e GDPR e que o LA deve seguir as orientações do GDPR.
Aprendizagem em saúde na e da escola mediada por tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação
Authors: Costa Filho Roraima Alves da , Iaochite Roberto Tadeu
Published: November 2021

Na escola, professores acreditam que o tema saúde deve ser tratado pelos pares com formação inicial ligados à área. A formação continuada em serviço mediada por tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação (TDIC) pode ser uma estratégia para disseminar conhecimentos sobre o tema da saúde e alterar concepções e crenças sobre quem são os responsáveis por desenvolvê-lo na escola. Apesar de existirem alguns estudos sobre o tema, é necessário conhecer de que modo estão obtendo resultado e quais fatores podem se associar ao sucesso de um curso mediado por TDIC. Assim, esta revisão objetivou analisar criticamente os estudos levantados em relação aos resultados obtidos em cursos de formação continuada mediada por TDIC e fatores que se associaram à aprendizagem dos professores. Esta pesquisa de revisão do tipo estado da arte analisou 11 estudos sobre formação continuada de professores mediada por TDIC sobre o tema saúde na escola. Se encontrou que a aprendizagem se relacionou à três fatores: o pessoal (conhecimentos ligados ao conteúdo e a tecnologia), o comportamental (interação, engajamento e estratégias de aprendizagem), e o ambiental (estrutura e formatação do curso, e processos de tutoria). Compreende-se que a formação mediada por TDIC pode ser um elemento importante para o desenvolvimento dos professores, dos processos formativos, e da qualidade de ensino na Educação Básica. Contudo, maior atenção é necessário dispender para como ocorrem esses processos.
Experiências, aprendizagens, narrativas
Authors: Martins Maria do Carmo , Dias Junior Antonio Carlos
Published: November 2021

Ao publicarmos o quarto número do volume 23 da revista ETD - Educação Temática Digital, consideramos importante destacar a fecunda contribuição de todos os sujeitos que se envolveram em sua produção no ano de 2021.
Adequação nutricional de cardápios do almoço de uma empresa do ramo hoteleiro inscrita no Programa de Alimentação do Trabalhador
Authors: Padilha Bruna Merten , Brandão Thaysa Barbosa Cavalcante , Albuquerque Fernanda Regina Amorim , Lima Marília Ferreira , Freitas Raissa Milena Silva
Published: November 2021

Objetivou-se avaliar a adequação nutricional de cardápios do almoço de uma empresa do ramo hoteleiro inscrita no Programa de Alimentação do Trabalhador (PAT) aos parâmetros nutricionais estabelecidos pela legislação do programa. Estudo descritivo, realizado em 2019, a partir da análise dos cardápios cíclicos de sete dias do almoço servidos aos funcionários de uma empresa hoteleira cadastrada no PAT, situada em Maceió, Alagoas. Calculou-se a composição nutricional da refeição por meio da Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos, utilizando-se os ingredientes e os valores per capita descritos nas fichas técnicas de preparo da empresa. Compararam-se os valores obtidos aos parâmetros nutricionais estabelecidos na Portaria Interministerial nº 66/2006. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados no Epi-Info 6.04. O valor energético dos cardápios variou entre 726,4 kcal e 1196,2 kcal. Houve inadequação de proteínas, fibras e NdPCal% aos parâmetros nutricionais e 100% de adequação do percentual de gorduras saturadas. Constatou-se a oferta diária de frutas, legumes e verduras em todos os cardápios. Considerando que os parâmetros propostos visam à promoção da saúde do trabalhador, torna-se necessário que a empresa adeque os cardápios ofertados, principalmente no que diz respeito a proteínas e fibras.
Identifikasi Nematoda di Lahan Perkebunan Buah Naga (Hylocereus costaricencis) Kabupaten Banjar dan Banjarbaru Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Adhani Reny , Fitriyanti Dewi , Gafur Abdul
Published: November 2021

Dragon Fruit is one of the important crop plants in South Borneo. Efforts to increase production are sometimes inhibited by pathogenic nematodes. The aim of this study is to identify and describe the nematodes found in the soil around the dragon fruit farmland in Banjar and Banjarbaru districts. Research was done by taking the soil at a depth of 0-20 cm near the roots of the dragon fruit. The nematode extraction was done with Whitehead & Heaming method (1965) and fixed by Seinhorst method (1962), then proceed with mounting method Seinhorst (1959). Furthermore, morphological observations consisted of the entire body from head to tail. Nematodes that have been identified on the Dragon Fruit farmland are the genera Pratylenchus, Rotylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, Mylonchulus, Eudorylaimus and Nygolaimoides. The identified nematodes may serve as additional information about the nematodes present in the dragon fruit farmland.
Моделирование тока разряда конденсатора в потоке тормозного излучения ускорителя электронов
Authors: Воронин Федор Николаевич , Voronin Fedor Nikolaevich , Казаков Евгений Давидович , Kazakov Evgeniy Davidovich , Косарев Олег Сергеевич , Kosarev Oleg Sergeevich , Марков Михаил Борисович , Markov Mikhail Borisovich , Тараканов Илья Алексеевич , Tarakanov Il'ya Alekseevich
Published: November 2021

Рассмотрен физический эксперимент, выполненный для проверки математической модели генерации электронами тормозного излучения и образования электромагнитного поля при его рассеянии. В ходе эксперимента сильноточный ускоритель электронов облучал мишень-конвертор. Образовавшееся тормозное излучение генерировало поток электронов эмиссии и электромагнитное поле в герметичной камере. Разработана математическая модель измерительной цепи, использованной для экспериментального определения электрического тока в камере. Результаты физических и моделирующих их вычислительных экспериментов совпали с удовлетворительной точностью. Установлено, что необходимым условием подтверждения модели является учет измерительного оборудования в вычислительном эксперименте и использование для сравнения непосредственно измеряемых величин.
Thermal Effects on Far-Field Distributed Acoustic Strain-Rate Sensors
Authors: Leggett Smith Edward , Zhu Ding , Hill Alfred Daniel
Published: November 2021

Fiber-optic cables cemented outside of the casing of an unconventional well measure crosswell strain changes during fracturing of neighboring wells with low-frequency distributed acoustic sensing (LF-DAS). As a hydraulic fracture intersects an observation well instrumented with fiber-optic cables, the fracture fluid injected at ambient temperatures can cool a section of the sensing fiber. Often, LF-DAS and distributed temperature sensing (DTS) cables are run in tandem, enabling the detection of such cooling events. The increasing use of LF-DAS for characterizing unconventional hydraulic fracture completions demands an investigation of the effects of temperature on the measured strain response by LF-DAS. Researchers have demonstrated that LF-DAS can be used to extract the temporal derivative of temperature for use as a differential-temperature-gradient sensor. However, differential-temperature-gradient sensing is predicated on the ability to filter strain components out of the optical signal.

In this work, beginning with an equation for optical phase shift of LF-DAS signals, a model relating strain, temperature, and optical phase shift is explicitly developed. The formula provides insights into the relative strength of strain and temperature effects on the phase shift. The uncertainty in the strain-rate measurements due to thermal effects is estimated. The relationship can also be used to quantify uncertainties in differential-temperature-gradient sensors due to strain perturbations. Additionally, a workflow is presented to simulate the LF-DAS response accounting for both strain and temperature effects. Hydraulic fracture geometries are generated with a 3D fracture simulator for a multistage unconventional completion. The fracture width distributions are imported by a displacement discontinuity method (DDM) program to compute the strain rates along an observation well. An analytic model is used to approximate the temperature in the fracture. Using the derived formulae for optical phase shift, the model outputs are then used to compute the LF-DAS response at a fiber-optic cable, enabling the generation of waterfall plots including both strain and thermal effects.

The model results suggest that before, during, and immediately following a fracture intersecting a well instrumented with fiber, the strain on the fiber drives the LF-DAS signal. However, at later times, as completion fluid cools the observation well, the temperature component of the LF-DAS signal can be equal to or exceed the strain component. The modeled results are compared to a published field case in an attempt to enhance the interpretation of LF-DAS waterfall plots. Finally, we propose a sensing configuration to identify the events when “wet fractures” (fractures with fluids) intersect the observation well.
Finding Out Suitable Index for Wetland Mapping in Barind Plain of India and Predicting Dynamics of Its Area and Depth
Authors: Singha Pankaj , Pal Swades
Published: November 2021

Remote Sensing and GIS play an important role in mapping and monitoring natural resources and their management. The present study attempts to delineate wetland in the lower Tangon river basin in the Barind flood plain region using suitable water body extraction indices. The main objectives of this present study are mapping and monitoring the flood plains wetlands along with the future status of wetland areas of 2028 and 2038 using the advanced Artificial Neural Network-based Cellular Automata (ANN-CA) model. Apart from wetland area prediction, wetland depth simulation and prediction are also carried out using statistical (Adaptive Exponential Smoothing) as well as advanced machine learning algorithms such as Bagging, Random subspace, Random forest, Support vector machine, etc. for the year 2028. The result shows a remarkable change in the overall wetland area in the upcoming two decades. The small wetland patches away from the master stream are expected to dry out during the forecast period, where the major wetland patches nearer to the master stream with greater depth are rather sustainable but their depth of water may be reduced in the next decades. All models show satisfactory performance for wetland depth mapping, but the Random subspace model was identified as the best-suited depth predicting method and machine learning models explored better results that adaptive exponential smoothing. This recent study will definitely be very helpful for the policymakers for managing wetland landscape as well as the natural environment.
Potential of Optical Frequency Domain Imaging for Differentiation Between Early and Advanced Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Imanaka Takahiro , Fujii Kenichi , Tanaka Takamasa , Yanaka Koji , Kimura Toshio , Yoshihara Nagataka , Miki Kojiro , Kawai Kenji , Akahori Hirokuni , Kawakami Rika , Hao Hiroyuki , Hirota Seiichi , Ishihara Masaharu
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) is widely used to characterize lipidic-atherosclerotic plaques, shown as signal-poor regions with diffuse borders, in clinical setting. Given that lipid components are common to both fibroatheroma (FA) and pathological intimal thickening (PIT), it is unclear whether OFDI can be used to accurately distinguish between FA and PIT. This study evaluated the differences in OFDI findings between FA and PIT in comparison with histopathology.
Methods

A total of 631 histological cross-sections from 14 autopsy hearts were analyzed for the comparison between OFDI and histological images. Of those, 190 (30%) sections were diagnosed with PIT and 120 (19%) with FA. All OFDI images were matched with histology and the OFDI signal attenuation rate was calculated from an exponential. The lipid length was measured longitudinally, and the lipid arc was measured with a protractor centered in the center of the lumen.
Results

There was no significant difference in the OFDI signal attenuation rate between FA and PIT (3.09 ± 1.04 versus 2.79 ± 1.20, p = 0.13). However, the lipid length was significantly longer and the maximum lipid arc was significantly larger in FA than in PIT (7.5 [4.3–10.3] mm versus 4.3 [2.7–5.8] mm, p < 0.0001, and 125 [101–174]° versus 96 [74–131]°, p < 0.0001, respectively).
Conclusions

OFDI may be capable of discriminating advanced lipid plaques from early stage atherosclerosis based on the longitudinal and circumferential extent of signal-poor region.
Heat Carbonization and ZnCl2 Functionalization of Date Stone as an Adsorbent: Optimization of Material Fabrication Parameters and Adsorption Studies
Authors: Abderrahim Nesrine , Boumnijel Ibtissem , Amor Hédi Ben , Djellabi Ridha
Published: November 2021

The scientific community gave a lot attention to prepare adsorbents from different natural agriculture-based materials to be used alternative to commercial activated carbon. However, less studies on the optimization of fabrication parameters to obtain activated carbon with highly surface area and adsorption capacity. Herein, we report the synthesis conditions optimization of adsorbent based on date stone and modified with ZnCl2. To obtain a highly adsorption ability of the materials, three systematic parameters were evaluated such as the activation temperature, activation time and the functionalization ratio by ZnCl2. The optimization study showed that the best factors to fabricate an adsorbent from date stone are 700°C, 120 min and 2.0 (g/g), wherein, the specific surface area was found to be 1036 m2/g. While, the iodine and phenol numbers were 928.5 mg/g and 2.1 mmol/g, respectively. To further understand the effect of synthesis parameters, the raw and the as-synthesized activated carbon were characterized via Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Batch sorption tests to remove MB from water showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 384.6 mg/g using the prepared activated carbon at pH 6 and room temperature (25±2 °C). It was found also that the kinetic adsorption data obeyed the pseudo-second order and, both external diffusion and intra-particle diffusion control the adsorption. Based on the obtained results, the optimization of synthesis conditions through experimental and mobilization studies may help the transfer of technology in terms of agriculture-based materials valorisation towards the environmental remediation.
The Role of Lymphocyte-To-Monocyte Ratio In Predicting The Severe Post-Calcific Stenotic Aortic Dilatation In A Chinese Case-Control Study
Authors: Chen Shanghao , Wu Zezhong , Yun Yan , Shen Hechen , Zhao Diming , Liu Yanwu , Zou Chengwei , Zhang Haizhou , Wang Zhengjun , Ma Xiaochun
Published: November 2021

Background: Calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) represents a serious public health threat to elderly patients. Post-calcific stenotic aortic dilatation, a common feature in CAVS patients, might progress into aneurysm and even dissection, potentially lethal consequences of CAVS, and predicts a dismal prognosis. This study sought to testify the role of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), an inflammatory biomarker, in predicting the severe post-calcific stenotic aortic dilatation in a Chinese case-control study.Materials and Methods: 208 consecutive patients with CAVS were recruited retrospectively in a Chinese case- control study, from July 1, 2015 to June 31, 2018. The LMR was statistically analyzed for its prognostic value in the severe post-calcific stenotic aortic dilatation.Results: The LMR was significantly reduced in patients with severe post-calcific stenotic aortic dilatation (2.72 vs. 3.53, p=0.002<0.05) compared to patients without severe post- calcific stenotic aortic dilatation. There was an inverse correlation observed between the maximal diameter of ascending aorta and the LMR in the overall patients (r=-0.217, p=0.002<0.05). For severe post-calcific stenotic aortic dilatation, the incidence of high- LMR group was statistically lower than that of low-LMR group (19.7% vs. 43.9%, p<0.001). And maximal diameter of ascending aorta was significantly reduced in the high-LMR group (4.35vs. 4.76, p=0.003<0.05) compared to low-LMR group. Additionally, the LMR was identified in the multivariate analysis as an independent predictor of severe post-calcific stenotic aortic dilatation (OR 0.743, 95% CI: [0.573- 0.964], p=0.025).Conclusions: This study provided the evidence of an inverse correlation between the severe post- calcific stenotic aortic dilatation and LMR. And the LMR is potentially applied as an independent predictor of severe post-calcific stenotic aortic dilatation.
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunogenicity decay and incident cases six months after Sinovac-CoronaVac inactivated vaccine in autoimmune rheumatic diseases patients: phase 4 prospective trial
Authors: Bonfa Eloisa , Silva Clovis , Medeiros-Ribeiro Ana , Kupa Leonard , Yuki Emily , Pasoto Sandra Sandra G. , Saad Carla , Fusco Solange , Pereira Rosa , Shinjo Samuel , Halpern Ari , Borba Eduardo , Souza Fernando , Guedes Lissiane , Miossi Renata , Bonfiglioli Karina , Domiciano Diogo , Shimabuco Andrea , Andrade Danieli , Seguro Luciana , Fuller Ricardo , Sampaio-Barros Percival , Assad Ana Paula , Moraes Julio , Goldenstein-Schainberg Claudia , Giardini Henrique , Silva Henrique , Martins Victor , Villamarin Lorena , Novellino Renata , Sales Lucas , Araújo Carlo , Silva Matheus , Filho Dilson , Lopes Marta , Duarte Alberto , Duarte Alberto , Kallas Esper , Kallas Esper , Aikawa Nadia
Published: November 2021

We provide novel data on anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunogenicity decay and incident cases six months after the 2nd dose of Sinovac-CoronaVac inactivated vaccine(D210) in 828 autoimmune rheumatic diseases(ARD) patients compared with 223 age/sex-balanced control group(CG). From D69 to D210, anti-S1/S2IgG positivity and GMT reduced 23.8% and 38% in ARD(p<0.001/p<0.001) and 20% and 51% in CG(p<0.001/p<0.001). From D69 to D210 NAb positivity and activity declined 41% and 54% in ARD(p<0.001/p<0.001) and 39.7% and 47% in CG(p<0.001/p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male(OR=0.56;95%CI0.40-0.79;p<0.001), prednisone(OR=0.56; 95%CI0.41-0.76;p<0.001), anti-TNF(OR=0.66;95%CI0.45-0.96;p=0.031), abatacept(OR=0.29; 95%CI0.15-0.56;p<0.001) and rituximab(OR=0.32;95%CI0.11-0.90;p=0.031) use were associated with a substantial reduction on IgG response at D210 in ARD patients. A decrease of COVID-19 cases(from 27.5 to 8.1/100 person-years;p<0.001) occurred during the study despite the Delta variant spread. In conclusion, after 6-months of Sinovac-CoronaVac 2nd dose, immunogenicity of ARD patients was markedly reduced, particularly in males and those under prednisone/biological therapies, without a concomitant rise in COVID-19 cases(NCT04754698).
The Situational Analysis of Teaching-Learning in Clinical Education: Methodological Development in Medical Education Research
Authors: Ahmady Soleiman , Khani Hamed
Published: November 2021

Background
Clinical teaching-learning is a context-bound phenomenon. One of the problems related to research in clinical education is the lack of sufficient attention to coherent and context-appropriate methodologies. The clinical learning environment is inherently an integration of teaching and clinical care, which has made the nature of clinical education complicated and multifaceted. Improving and developing clinical teaching-learning requires not only an explanation of the current situation, but also the development of new research methods is necessary to reconstruct the teaching-learning system and, as a result, clinical education reinforcements.
Methods
in this study, the authors used the situational analysis approach as a postmodern version of grounded theory. Situational analysis is an approach for identifying and describing social worlds and action arenas by using maps to represent complexity. The data of this study were collected focusing on triangulation. Thirty-one participants were involved in the web-based qualitative survey, while seven participants took part in the semi-structured phone interview.
Results
the teaching-learning situation in clinical education on general medicine in Iran was represented in three maps; situational, social worlds/arenas, and positional. In addition, the results showed, clinical education of general medicine in Iran in 6 positions has serious problems and challenges. As a result, recommendations were provided to develop and support effective clinical teaching.
Conclusions
The findings of this research revealed key messages that can be explained using Foucault's discourse. In addition, from the methodological point of view, the present study encourages the use of the situational analysis approach to study complex systems and in order to educational excellence and improvement calls for further methodological development in medical education research.
Repurposing Benzbromarone as Antifolate to Develop Novel Antifungal Therapy for Candida Albicans
Authors: Mujwar Somdutt , Tripathi Avanish
Published: November 2021

Fungal infections in humans are responsible for mild to severe infections resulting in the systemic effects responsible for a large amount of mortality. The invasive fungal infections are having similar symptomatic effects to those of COVID-19. The COVID-19 patients are immunocompromised in nature and have a high probability of developing severe fungal infections resulting in the development of further complications. The existing antifungal therapy is having associated problems related to the development of drug resistance, sub-potent in nature, and the presence of undesirable toxic effects. The fungal dihydrofolate reductase is an essential enzyme involved in the absorption of dietary folic acid and its conversion into tetrahydrofolate, which is a coenzyme required for the biosynthesis of the fungal nucleotides. Thus, in the current study, an attempt has been made to identify potential folate inhibitors of Candida albicans by a computational drug repurposing approach. Benzbromarone is identified as a potential anti-folate agent based upon the molecular docking simulation-based virtual screening followed by the molecular dynamic simulation of the macromolecular complex for the development of a novel therapy for the treatment of candidiasis.
Correlation Analysis of Nodular Sonographic Parameters with Cervical Lymph Node Metastases in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Liuhua , Zhu Qiaodan , Yao Jincao , Yang Chen , Xu Dong
Published: November 2021

Background
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid carcinoma, and is prone to cervical lymph node metastases (CLNM). We aim to analyze the correlation between clinical information, ultrasonic parameters of PTC and CLNM.
Methods
1335 patients who had pathologically confirmed unifocal PTC were enrolled. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis were performed to predict CLNM in PTC patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance.
Results
Univariate analysis showed that gender, age, maximum tumor diameter and volume, cross-sectional and longitudinal aspect ratio were related to CLNM (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that gender, age, maximum tumor diameter and volume were independent correlative factors, cross-sectional aspect ratio had significant difference for PTC2 to predict CLNM. The area under the curve (AUC) of the maximum tumor diameter and volume was 0.738 and 0.733, respectively. Maximum tumor diameter and volume, and cross-sectional and longitudinal aspect ratio were statistically significant following analysis of variance (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Younger age, male, and larger tumor were high risk factors for CLNM in patients with unifocal PTC. Cross-sectional aspect ratio had a more effective predictive value for CLNM in patients with larger thyroid tumors.
Fractionated Radiation Exposure Enhances DNA Repair Capacity to Amplify Radioresistance of Cancer Cells
Authors: Huang Kai , Omura Masato , Abdelghany Lina , Zhang Xu , Li Tao-Sheng
Published: November 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Long Non-Coding RNA ANRIL Promotes Doxorubicin Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via Suppressing Glycolysis Through the MicroRNA-125a/ENO Pathway
Authors: Ma Jianli , Zhao Wenhui , Zhang Han , Chu Zhong , Liu Huili , Fang Xue , Tang Dabei
Published: November 2021

BackgroundBreast cancer is the main cause of death among women worldwide. More and more long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as oncogenes or tumor suppressors during cancer development. However, whether ANRIL is involved in drug resistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has not been investigated. MethodsLuciferase reporter assay was conducted to verify the binding of miR-125a and ANRIL. RT-PCR and western blot were performed to detect the expression of miR-125a, ANRIL and ENO1. Gene silence and overexpression experiments as well as CCK-8 and colony formation assays on TNBC cell lines were performed to determine the regulation of molecular pathways. Glycolysis analysis was performed with Seahorse extracellular flux methodology. ResultsANRIL expression in TNBC patients and TNBC cells was examined and we found that ANRIL expression was upregulated in both TNBC patients and TNBC cell lines. Knockdown of ANRIL increased the cytotoxic effect of ADR and inhibited HIF-1α-dependent glycolysis in TNBC cells. In addition, we found that ANRIL negatively regulated miR-125a expression in TNBC cell lines. Besides, a dual-luciferase reporter assay proved ANRIL functioned as a sponger of miR-125a. Further investigation revealed that ENO1 was a target of miR-125a and positively regulated by ANRIL in TNBC cells. Additionally, ANRIL upregulation reversed miR-125-mediated inhibition on HIF-1α-dependent glycolysis in TNBC cells. More notably, 2-deoxy-glucose (2-DG) attenuated ANRIL-induced increase of drug resistance in TNBC cells. ConclusionsTaken together, our study was the first to identify that knockdown of ANRIL plays an active role in overcoming the drug resistance in TNBC by inhibiting glycolysis through the miR-125a/ENO1 pathway, which maybe serve useful for the development of novel therapeutic targets.
Lipid rafts act as a common platform for Aß oligomer-induced Alzheimer’s pathology
Authors: Kawarabayashi Takeshi , Nakamura Takumi , Sato Kaoru , Seino Yusuke , Ichii Sadanobu , Nakahata Naoko , Takatama Masamitsu , Westaway David , George-Hyslop Peter St. , Shoji Mikio
Published: November 2021

Background

Amyloid ß protein (Aß) oligomers induce the overproduction of phosphorylated tau and neurodegeneration. These cascades gradually cause cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While each pathological event in AD has been studied in detail separately, the spatial and temporal relationships between pathological events in AD remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that lipid rafts function as a common platform for the pathological cascades of AD.
Methods

Cellular and synaptosomal lipid rafts were prepared from the brains of Aß amyloid model mice (Tg2576 mice) and double transgenic mice (Tg2576 x TgTauP301L mice) and longitudinally analyzed.
Results

Aß oligomers, the cellular prion protein (PrPc), and Aß oligomer/PrPc complexes were detected in the lipid rafts. The levels of Fyn, the phosphorylated NR2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, total tau, phosphorylated tau, and tau oligomers increased with Aß oligomer accumulation in both the cellular and synaptosomal lipid rafts. Increases in the levels of these molecules were first seen at 6 months of age and corresponded with the early stages of Aß accumulation in the amyloid model mice.
Conclusions

Lipid rafts act as a common platform for the progression of Alzheimer’s pathology. The findings of this study suggest a novel therapeutic approach to AD, involving the modification of lipid raft components and the inhibition of their roles in the sequential pathological events of AD.
Establishment of A Risk-Predicting Twenty-Two-Gene Signature Based on the Prognosis-Related RNA Binding Proteins of Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhu Tong , Zhu Xudong , Bu Jiawen , Jiang Yi , Xue Jinqi , Niu Nan , Gu Xi
Published: November 2021

Background

Breast cancer has been the leading cause of death among women worldwide. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are promising novel biomarkers for patients with malignant tumors, the abnormal expression of which is closely associated with the development of breast cancer. This study aimed to identify RBPs associated with the survival outcomes of breast cancer and to construct a prognostic model and a clinical prediction nomogram for breast cancer.
Methods

The transcriptome data of breast cancer were downloaded from TCGA database. GO and KEGG analyses were performed to clarify the gene functions and regulatory pathway. Cox and LASSO regression analyses were utilized to analyze the prognosis prediction effect of RBPs and clinical characteristics in breast cancer and create a risk score model. A nomogram was also built by merging the model and clinicaopatholigical characteristics, which was validated using calibration curves.
Results

A prognostic risk score model of the 22-RBP signature was established. This risk score predicted 3-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival rates sensitively and accurately. Compared to other clinicaopatholigical characteristics, this risk score had better predictive ability. We also constructed a nomogram based on risk scores and clinicaopatholigical characteristics. The nomogram may predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of patients with breast cancer.
Conclusions

RBPs play an important role in the development and survival outcomes of breast cancer by regulating multiple biological processes. Furthermore, this study identified and constructed a 22-RBP based signature and a clinical nomogram for predicting the survival probability of patients with breast cancer.
ARNTL2, an Immunoregulation-Related Prognostic Biomarker in Pan-Cancer and Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wu Gujie , Wang Wenmiao , Yang Zheng , Xue Qun
Published: November 2021

Background

ARNTL2 is a member of the PAS superfamily that promotes tumor progression. However, the role of ARNTL2 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. The purpose of our study was to investigate the function of ARNTL2 in LUAD.
Methods

The expression, clinical features, and prognostic role of ARNTL2 in pan-cancer were evaluated using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression data. GSEA and GSVA of ARNTL2 were performed using the R package “clusterProfiler.” The correlation between immune cell infiltration level and ARNTL2 expression was analyzed using two sources of immune cell infiltration data, including the TIMER2 and ImmuCellAI database. Finally,we analyzed the correlation between ARNTL2 and IC50 of 192 drugs.
Results

ARNTL2 was substantially overexpressed in LUAD and pan-cancer. High ARNTL2 expression predicted poor survival in patients with LUAD. We also found that ARNTL2 expression was positively associated with the infiltration levels of immunosuppressive cells, such as tumor associated macrophages, cancer associated fibroblasts and Tregs. Among the 192 anti-cancer drugs, ARNTL2 expression was positively correlated with IC50 of 114 anti-cancer drugs, such as SB505124, Doramapimod, Nutlin-3a (-), Sabutoclax, AZD5991, PF-4708671, Elephantin, PRIMA-1MET, Sorafenib, Vorinostat, and MK-2206.
Conclusions

Our results revealed that ARNTL2 is a potential prognostic biomarker in LUAD. An elevated ARNTL2 expression indicates an immunosuppressive microenvironment, and targeted therapies against ARNTL2 have excellent potential.
Greenspace availability or greenspace usability, which matters on PM2.5-related premature deaths: evidence from 360 cities in China
Authors: Yang Jingru , Wang Yijin , Li Fangzheng , Xie Yuge , Wang Xiaoli
Published: November 2021

Greenspace exposure is confirmed to reduce air pollution-related negative health impact. However, which type of greenspace exposure matters more on mitigating air pollution-related deaths and whether this effect is regionally different remain unclear. Here we show, greenspace usability exposure plays a more significant role in mitigating PM2.5-related premature deaths in 360 China cities generally speaking. By clustering 360 cities into urban-rural and Deprivation Index groups, we further find that greenspace availability and usability together work on respiratory health in rural regions, and greenspace availability matters more in very low deprived areas or urban and rural regions. Our results that increasing greenspace usability exposure is more helpful in reducing air pollution-related premature deaths may inform more effective and equitable greenspace planning policies in rapidly developing countries like China.
Assessing Spinal Movement During Four Extrication Methods: A Biomechanical Study using Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Nutbeam Tim , Fenwick Rob , May Barbara , Stassen Willem , Smith Jason , Bowdler Jono , Wallis Lee , Shippen James
Published: November 2021

BackgroundMotor vehicle collisions are a common cause of death and serious injury. Many casualties will remain in their vehicle following a collision. Trapped patients have more injuries and are more likely to die than their untrapped counterparts. Current extrication methods are time consuming and have a focus on movement minimisation and mitigation. The optimal extrication strategy and the effect this extrication method has on spinal movement is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the movement at the cervical and lumbar spine for four commonly utilised extrication techniques. MethodsBiomechanical data was collected using inertial Measurement Units on 6 healthy volunteers. The extrication types examined were: roof removal, b-post rip, rapid removal and self-extrication. Measurements were recorded at the cervical and lumbar spine, and in the anteroposterior (AP) and lateral (LAT) planes. Total movement (travel), maximal movement, mean, standard deviation and confidence intervals are reported for each extrication type.ResultsData from a total of 230 extrications were collected for analysis. The smallest maximal and total movement (travel) were seen when the volunteer self-extricated (AP max = 2.6mm, travel 4.9mm). The largest maximal movement and travel were seen in rapid extrication extricated (AP max = 6.21mm, travel 20.51 mm). The differences between self-extrication and all other methods were significant (p<0.001), small non-significant differences existed between roof removal, b-post rip and rapid removal.Self-extrication was significantly quicker than the other extrication methods (mean 6.4s).ConclusionsIn healthy volunteers, self-extrication is associated with the smallest spinal movement and the fastest time to complete extrication. Rapid, B-post rip and roof off extrication types are all associated with similar movements and time to extrication in prepared vehicles.
Baicalein Alleviates Fibrosis and Inflammation in Scleroderma Through Regulating B Cell Abnormalities
Authors: Peng Bo , Hu Qin , He Rong , Hou Hongping , Chen Ying , Li Jianrong , Zhang Guangping , Hu Xiaoru
Published: November 2021

Background

Scleroderma (Systemic sclerosis, SSc) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by multisystem extensive fibrosis, vascular changes and immunological dysregulation. B cell abnormalities play an essential role in the fibrotic pathogenesis of scleroderma by promoting autoantibodies and cytokines release as well as modulating the inflammatory processes. Baicalein, a phenolic flavonoid derived from the Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been used in the treatment of the pathological processes of various fibrotic and inflammatory diseases. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of baicalein on the major pathological characteristics of SSc both in vitro and in vivo, including fibrosis, B cell abnormalities and inflammation.
Methods

The effect of baicalein on collagen accumulation and expression of fibrogenic markers in human dermal fibroblasts were analyzed. The antifibrotic features of baicalein and its mechanisms were investigated in the bleomycin (BLM)-induced dermal fibrosis mice model by histologic examination, hydroxyproline assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry.
Results

5-120 µM baicalein significantly abrogated total collagen deposition, decreased soluble collagen secretion, and inhibited the expression of various fibrogenesis molecules, including collagen(COL)1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in both TGF β1- and PDGF-induced human CCC-ESF-1 dermal fibroblasts. In BLM-induced dermal fibrosis mice model, 25-100 mg/kg baicalein markedly attenuated dermal thickness and collagen accumulation in dose-dependent manners. Baicalein reduced the proportion of B220+ B cells, while increased the percentage of CD27+ memory B cells in the spleen of BLM-induced mice. Consistent with reversing B cell abnormalities, baicalein treatment potently attenuated serum levels of cytokines(IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL6, IL-17A, TNF-α), chemokines (MCP-1, MIP-1β) and autoantibodies (anti-Scl-70, anti-PM-Scl, anti-centromeres and anti-dsDNA).
Conclusions

Baicalein inhibits TGF-β1 and PDGF- mediated ECM accumulation in human dermal fibroblasts and alleviates the development of experimental dermal fibrosis by reversing B cell abnormalities, reducing autoantibody production and ameliorating inflammation. Baicalein may have the potential to be further developed as a therapeutic candidate against SSc.
Methodology For Assessing The Effectiveness of Regional Infrastructure Facilities to Support Scientific, Technical and Innovation Activities In The Context of The Synergy Effect: Analysis, Formation and Study
Authors: Byvshev Vladimir , Parfenteva Kristina , Panteleeva Irina , Uskov Danil , Demin Vadim
Published: November 2021

The aim of the study is to develop a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the regional infrastructure facilities to support scientific, technical and innovation activities, taking into account the synergy effect. The article analyses methods existing in Russia and other countries and identifies their benefits and drawbacks. Based on the analysis conducted, the authors have determined a list of indicators characterising this area, developed a system for calculating the integral indicator, identified a list of regions that provided for the most objective assessment and testing of the developed methodology, and drew conclusions based on the calculations results. As a result, the effectiveness and perspectiveness of the developed methodology have been indicated. Even though the composite index is in the stability zone, its individual components may be in the zone of catastrophic risk and contain potential threats to further innovative development of a region. At the same time, it has been determined that regulatory support, as well as closed nature of the innovation cycle (synergy effect) play an important role in the efficient functioning of the infrastructure for supporting scientific, technical, and innovation activities.
Increased Lateral Femoral Condyle Ratio Measured by MRI Is Associated with Higher Risk of Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: He Miao , Li Jie
Published: November 2021

Background
Studies have shown a significant association between the radiographically measured lateral femoral condyle ratio (LFCR) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. However, it is unclear whether the the LFCR measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is associated with risk of noncontact ACL injury.
Objective
1 To investigate the effect of the LFCR on the risk of noncontact ACL injury by MRI. 2 To investigate the association of the LFCR measured by MRI with multiple bone morphological risk factors and evaluate the most sensitive risk predictors of noncontact ACL injury.
Methods
A total of 116 patients, including 58 subjects with noncontact ACL injury and 58 age-matched and sex-matched controls with only meniscus injury, were included in this retrospective case-control study. The LFCR, lateral tibial slope (LTS), lateral tibial height (LTH), medial tibial slope (MTS), and medial tibial depth (MTD) were measured on MRI. The differences in each index between the two groups were compared, and risk factors were screened by single-factor logistic regression analysis. Indicators with P values <0.1 were included in the logistic regression equation. The critical values and areas under the curve (AUCs) of independent risk factors were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Finally, the diagnostic performance of each risk factor was evaluated by the Z-test.
Results
A total of 116 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the final analysis (58 cases in the noncontact ACL injury group and 58 cases in the control group). Patients with noncontact ACL injury had a higher femoral LFCR (63.5±2.7%) than patients with simple meniscus tear. Among all the risk factors for ACL injury, the AUC for the LFCR was the largest, at 0.81 (95% CI, 0.73-0.88), and when the critical value was 61.35%, the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of ACL injury were 79% and 67%, respectively. Combined with the LTH (> 2.35 mm), the diagnostic performance was improved. The AUC was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.78-0.92), the sensitivity was 0.83, and the specificity was 0.76
Conclusion
This study shows that an increased LFCR is related to an increased risk of noncontact ACL injury by MRI. The LFCR and LTH are the most sensitive risk factors for noncontact ACL injury and may help clinicians identify individuals prone to ACL injury, allowing prevention and intervention measures to be applied.