bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Borghini’s Dilemma: Print Thinking and the Digital
Authors: Storey H. Wayne
Published: May 2020

The sixteenth-century Florentine philologist Vincenzo Borghini provides a model for our own examination of the influence of print as we consider the challenges, opportunities and responsibilities of producing digital editions and archives. Briefly examining several emended passages in the 1573 expurgated edition of Boccaccio’s Decameron, the essay turns to Borghini’s reliance in his 1574 Annotationi on his extensive studies of fourteenth-century Italian vernacular in manuscripts and their contrasts with the printed editions of his own day often edited — he fears — simply to sell books. Turning from Borghini’s skepticism to his own editorial work for the 2003–2004 facsimile and commentary, the author reflects upon the failures of his own edition for the print medium and how they led to the founding and development of the Petrarchive’s rich-text edition and commentary. Reflecting on two examples of the representation of the use of space in Petrarch’s medieval holograph possible only a born-digital edition, the essay concludes its brief demonstration of the deep structuring of print in philological thinking as we develop new strategies for digital philology.
To Sing Upon the Book: Oral and Written Counterpoint in Early Modern Europe
Authors: Broude Ronald
Published: May 2020

During the fifteenth century, many musici thought of counterpoint as an improvisational practice in which certain procedures were employed to produce a musical texture in which interest lay in the interplay of two or more melodic lines. The improvisational practice was called singing upon the book (cantare super librum): it required one singer to realize a pre-existing melody (called a cantus firmus) inscribed in a text while one or more other singers (called concentors), reading from that same text, devised, ex tempore, a countermelody or melodies that obeyed the rules of counterpoint with respect to the cantus firmus. Similar procedures, applied in writing, produced res facta, contrapuntal texture in textual form. Counterpoint and res facta were alternative means of providing music for occasions both sacred and secular. During the sixteenth century, several factors combined to alter the relationship between improvised and written counterpoint, and by the end of the century the importance of the former was greatly diminished. The growth of music printing provided an abundance of music for a growing community of amateurs who could read music but were not interested singing upon the book. The composers responsible for this new music embraced emerging ideas that stressed the advantages of written music, which enjoyed permanence that improvised counterpoint lacked, which was usually more observant of the rules than improvised counterpoint could be, and which enhanced the reputations of the composers who created it. As a result of these developments, emphasis shifted from improvised to written counterpoint, from the procedures that produced a contrapuntal texture to the texture itself, and singing upon the book came to be seen by many not as an end in itself but as a way to sharpen composers’ skills. Marginalized by print, improvised counterpoint survived in a much reduced community, largely in Catholic France and Iberia, and eventually, for want of a musical community large enough to sustain it, ceased to be a living musical tradition.
The Sound of Red Dust: Jean Toomer, Marion Brown, and the Sonic Transactions of “Karintha”
Authors: Grandt Jürgen E.
Published: May 2020

On his 1973 album Geechee Recollections, free jazzer Marion Brown tackles one of the most musical African American narratives, “Karintha” from Jean Toomer’s Cane. The velocity of sound Toomer’s text seeks to transcribe in literary form Brown trans-scribes back into music propelled by what I term Afro-kinesis. Afro-kinesis is a form of motion — a Benjaminian eddy rather than a Derridean trace — that improvises modalities of transaction with and in new-old sonic topographies, and in the process limns an aural modernity that constantly reinvents itself. This kinetic ecology of sound goes beyond acoustic transposition and instead aspires to effect a signifying exchange between the mercurial improvisation of free jazz’s “new thing” and the scripted stasis of literary text, a transaction of meaning across cultural time and physical space.
Rationale for Feminist Bibliography
Authors: Ozment Kate
Published: May 2020

This essay posits a framework of shared identity and practice for feminist bibliographers, book historians, and textual scholars. Feminist bibliographyis positioned as the use of bibliographic methodologies to revise how book history and related fields categorize and analyze women’s texts and labor. The opening section of the essay quantitatively analyzes book history companions, readers, and introductions to establish a baseline for how the field functions as a practice and discourse. The second section then analyzes the version of bibliography that has been canonized in book history, identifies how book history has explicitly favored a version of bibliography that is antagonistic to feminist work, and proposes a feminist narrative of bibliography that can and should be incorporated as the foundation for studies of the material book. The last section puts a feminist framework into practice and searches for women’s contributions to bibliographic labor in the Anglo-American world. It offers a new set of founders in bibliography and challenges contemporary bibliographers and book historians to re-evaluate on whom we place importance, how we define interpretive scholarship, and how we construct our discourse.
Time and the Bibliographer: A Meditation on the Spirit of Book Studies
Authors: Cohen Matt
Published: May 2020

In light of the global return of tribalism, racism, nationalism, and religious hypocrisy to power’s center stage, it is worth returning to the question of the relevance of bibliography. It is a time when, at least at the seats of power in the United States and some other places, books seem to have become almost meaningless. Bibliographic pioneer D.F. McKenzie’s strategy was not to constrain bibliography in self-defense, but to expand it, to go on the offense. What is our course? This essay explores bibliography’s past in order to suggest ways in which it can gain from an engagement with the methods and motivating concerns of Indigenous studies. The study of books has often functioned within a colonialist set of assumptions about its means and its ends, but at the same time, having been at times in something of a marginalized position themselves in their professions, its practitioners have developed unique tools, passions, and intellectual focuses with decolonial potential. That unusual “spirit”, in dialogue with Native people and Indigenous ideas — about media, about what constitutes a “process”, and about the historical and political meanings of recorded forms — may be key to transforming the imagination of the study of books and to enriching its place in the world.
EEBO and Me: An Autobiographical Response to Michael Gavin, “How to Think About EEBO”
Authors: Herman Peter C.
Published: May 2020

In this article, Peter C. Herman responds to Michael Gavin’s history of EEBO by arguing that EEBO leads to greater historical specificity, to reading the books themselves, rather than dissolving the boundaries between texts and “the death of the document”.  Herman also suggests that we should pay greater attention to the corporate origins of EEB0-TCP.
Odd Burr III G-Negative Binomial Family with Application
Authors: Jamal Farrukh , Bakouch Hassan S. , Arslan Nasir M.
Published: May 2020

In this article, we propose a general family of distributions called odd Burr III G-negative binomial. Several properties of the family are reported, including quantile function, mixture representation of its density, cumulative distribution functions, moments, incomplete moments, moment generating function, mean deviations, deviations, stochastic ordering, entropies, and parameter estimation via maximum likelihood (ML) method. A simulation study is carried out to check the asymptotic behavior of the ML estimates. The flexibility of the governing members of this family is shown by the use of data modeling such that the corresponding density functions may be symmetric, right-skewed, or left-skewed and their hazard rate functions can be increasing, decreasing, bathtub, upside-down bathtub, or constant.
Support Vector Machine for Lung Adenocarcinoma Staging Through Variant Pathways
Authors: Di Feng , He Chunxiao , Pu Guimei , Zhang Chunyi
Published: May 2020

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most common malignant tumors. How to effectively diagnose LUAD at an early stage and make an accurate judgement of the occurrence and progression of LUAD are still the focus of current research. Support vector machine (SVM) is one of the most effective methods for diagnosing LUAD of different stages. The study aimed to explore the dynamic change of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in different stages of LUAD, and to assess the risk of LUAD through DEGs enriched pathways and establish a diagnostic model based on SVM method. Based on TMN stages and gene expression profiles of 517 samples in TCGA-LUAD database, coefficient of variation (CV) combined with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to screen out feature genes in different TMN stages after data standardization. Unsupervised clustering analysis was conducted on samples and feature genes. The feature genes were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient to construct a co-expression network. Fisher exact test was conducted to verify the most enriched pathways, and the variation of each pathway in different stages was analyzed. SVM networks were trained and ROC curves were drawn based on the predicted results so as to evaluate the predictive effectiveness of the SVM model. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis results showed that almost all the samples in stage III/IV were clustered together, while samples in stage I/II were clustered together. The correlation of feature genes in different stages was different. In addition, with the increase of malignant degree of lung cancer, the average shortest path of the network gradually increased, while the closeness centrality gradually decreased. Finally, four feature pathways that could distinguish different stages of LUAD were obtained and the ability was tested by the SVM model with an accuracy of 91%. Functional level differences were quantified based on the expression of feature genes in lung cancer patients of different stages, so as to help the diagnosis and prediction of lung cancer. The accuracy of our model in differentiating between stage I/II and stage III/IV could reach 91%.
An Unusual Amino Acid Substitution Within Hummingbird CytochromecOxidase Alters a Key Proton-Conducting Channel
Authors: Dunn Cory D , Akpınar Bala Anı , Sharma Vivek
Published: May 2020

Hummingbirds in flight exhibit the highest mass-specific metabolic rate of all vertebrates. The bioenergetic requirements associated with sustained hovering flight raise the possibility of unique amino acid substitutions that would enhance aerobic metabolism. Here, we have identified a non-conservative substitution within the mitochondria-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) that is fixed within hummingbirds, but not among other vertebrates. This unusual change is also rare among metazoans, but can be identified in several clades with diverse life histories. We performed atomistic molecular dynamics simulations using bovine and hummingbird COI models, thereby bypassing experimental limitations imposed by the inability to modify mtDNA in a site-specific manner. Intriguingly, our findings suggest that COI amino acid position 153 (bovine numbering convention) provides control over the hydration and activity of a key proton channel in COX. We discuss potential phenotypic outcomes linked to this alteration encoded by hummingbird mitochondrial genomes.
STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS IKAN KARANG DI PERAIRAN PESISIR KENDARI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Edrus Isa Nagib , Hadi Tri Aryono
Published: May 2020

Ekosistem terumbu karang di Kawasan Pesisir Kendari sangat dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas pembangunan di daratan utama seperti sedimentasi yang berkepanjangan. Hal ini dapat berpengaruh pada tutupan karang dan kecerahan air laut, dan sebagai konsekuensinya adalah terjadinya perubahan struktur komunitas ikan karang. Keanekaragaman ikan karang diasumsikan akan menurun ketika terjadi kerusakan yang meluas pada terumbu karang dan dalam waktu yang panjang. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi sumberdaya ikan karang melalui kajian struktur komunitas ikan karang. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September 2018 di perairan karang pesisir Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah sensus visual bawah air dengan transek sabuk pada 10 lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menemukan 195 spesies ikan karang yang terdiri dari 93 spesies kelompok mayor, 89 jenis kelompok ikan target, dan 13 jenis kelompok ikan indikator. Dari 10 lokasi transek, hanya 4 stasiun yang memiliki nilai indeks keanekaragaman antara 3,0 – 3,6, indeks dominansi antara 0,04 – 0,10 dan indeks keseragaman antara 0,8 – 0,9, serta 5 stasiun memiliki indeks kekayaan jenis antara 7,8 hingga 10,5. Keanekaragaman jenis ikan termasuk rendah, komunitas didominasi oleh kelompok ikan mayor, dan kepadatan stok ikan karang tergolong rendah pada semua stasiun. Coral reef ecosystems in Kendari coastal area were affected by mainland development as well as long-term sedimentation.Those activities influencing coral coverage and sea water tranparency lead to the changes in reef fish structure communities. The study objective is to identify the condition of reef-fishes by analyzing theirin terms of a community structures. This study was carried out in September 2018 at the adjacent Kendari’s reef waters, Southeast Sulawesi. The method used in this study was the underwater visual cencus using belt transects at ten study sites. The results of the study successfully identified about 195 species of reef fishes, consisted of 93 species of major-fish group, 89 species of target-fish group, and 13 species of indicator-fish group. Species compositions among the study sites ranged from 39 species to 74 species. Among the 10 transect sites, four sites had fish diversity indices ranging from 3.0 to 3.6, dominance indices ranging from 0.04 – 0.1, and evenness indices ranging from 0.8 to 0.9, whereas 5 transect sites had species richness levels ranging from 7.8 to 10.5. For all study sites, the reef fishes diversities were in low levels, reef fishes communities were dominated by major-fish groups, and the density of fish stocks were classified in low levels.
Rational perspectives on risk and certainty for dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Beltrán-Aguilar Eugenio , Benzian Habib , Niederman Richard
Published: May 2020

Clinical dental practice exposes the dental team and patients to infectious airborne disease agents, due to the close contact during clinical care, and the infectious aerosols from most dental procedures. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the American Dental Association (ADA) and other organizations developed recommendations to address the specific risk profile of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, adding additional protective measures to established standard precautions.

When deciding on re-opening of dental services it is important to remember that so far, no reliable data on work-related infection risk for dental personnel are available. Combined with other uncertainties it seems prudent to follow four key principles: 1) All patients should be considered as potentially infectious; 2) procedures generating aerosols should be avoided, limited or closely managed; 3) infection control should be increased according to recommendations; 4) PPE measures should be maximized.

Dental teams must follow ethical principles in providing the best possible and safe dental care. Yet, as business owners, they are facing existential impacts from reduced patient visits and loss of income resulting from service limitations. Reconciling the conflict of risking their life or their livelihood under the COVID-19 pandemic is not a welcome or easy choice. Decisions must be based on best possible evidence, and need to be revisited as the pandemic, and economic conditions change.

COVID-19 also unmasked the challenges of access and financial coverage for dental care in the U.S. Sustainable preparation for future pandemics should consider reforms towards a more equitable system with better coverage.
Frequency, Timing, and Predictors of Palliative Care Consultation in Patients with Advanced Cancer at a Tertiary Cancer Center: Secondary Analysis of Routinely Collected Health Data
Authors: Watanabe Sharon M. , Faily Viane , Mawani Asifa , Huot Ann , Tarumi Yoko , Potapov Alexei , Fassbender Konrad , Fairchild Alysa , Joy Anil A. , King Karen M. , Roa Wilson , Venner Christopher P. , Baracos Vickie E.
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Early integration of palliative care (PC) with oncological care is associated with improved outcomes in patients with advanced cancer. Limited information exists on the frequency, timing, and predictors of PC consultation in patients receiving oncological care. The Cross Cancer Institute (CCI) is the sole tertiary cancer center serving the northern half of the Canadian province of Alberta, located in the city of Edmonton. The objectives of this study were to estimate the proportion of patients with advanced cancer at the CCI who received consultation by the CCI PC program and the comprehensive integrated PC program in Edmonton, and to determine the timing and predictors of consultation.

Materials and Methods

In this secondary analysis of routinely collected health data, adult patients who died between April 2013 and March 2014, and had advanced disease while under the care of a CCI oncologist, were eligible. Data from the Alberta Cancer Registry, electronic medical records, and Edmonton PC program database were linked.

Results

Of 2,253 eligible patients, 810 (36%) received CCI PC consultation. Median time between consultation and death was 2 months (range, 1.1–5.4). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, age, residence, income, cancer type, and interval from advanced cancer diagnosis to death influenced odds of receiving consultation. Among 1,439 patients residing in Edmonton, 1,121 (78%) were referred to the Edmonton PC program.

Conclusion

A minority of patients with advanced cancer received PC consultation at the tertiary cancer center, occurring late in the disease trajectory. Frequency and timing of PC consultation varied significantly, according to multiple factors.

Implications for Practice

Clinical and demographic factors are associated with variations in frequency and timing of palliative care consultation at a cancer center and may, in some cases, reflect barriers to access that warrant attention.
Examining the sustainability of urban furnitures and their potential to be a landmark in the scale of Rize city center
Authors: BEKİRYAZICI Fatih , BEKCİ Banu , DİNÇER Deryanur
Published: May 2020

In this study, the effects of urban furnitures in the city center of Rize on the users (tourists, local people, periodical users) were investigated considering the site selection, size, density, layout, visual characteristics, aesthetic value and spatial relationships. Also, the sustainability of the urban furniture and their potential to be a landmark were evaluated in the context of Rize city identity. While 63% of the users emphasized the dimension and originality of the statue of tea pot placed in front of the municipality building and stated that it is appropriate for the place where it is located and it has an effect on people’s habits, the statue of Atatürk which is located in front of the governor’s building and one of the objects regarded as a Landmark stands out with a rate of 70%. In addition, the statue of Atatürk was preferred by the users with the highest rate in the study area according to all evaluation criteria as its location, semantic feature and structural feature.
YENİ KENTLİLEŞME SÜRECİNDE KENTLİ KARAKTER(LER)İN SOSYOLOJİK YANSIMALARI
Authors: GÜL Hatice
Published: May 2020

Kentler her türlü faaliyetlerin merkezi olduğu kadar bireyin yaşam tarzı ve karakterinin de şekillendiği merkezlerdir. Kentler var olduğu tarihsel süreçten bu yana düşüncelerimizi, davranışlarımızı, başkalarıyla ve diğer çevresel dinamiklerle olan ilişkilerimizi etkileyen ve kendine özgü yaşam biçimlerini oluşturan yerlerdir. Bununla birlikte kentler toplumsal değişimlerin yoğun bir şekilde yaşandığı alanlar olarak hâlen gündemini korumaktadır. Kentsel yaşam tarzına özgü değer yargıları, davranışları ve tutumları kaçınılmaz olarak yaşanan toplumsal değişimlerden nasibini almaktadır. Değişimin en belirgin özelliği, kentli karakterlerin sosyal yaşamda yeni formlarla karşımıza çıkmasıdır. Kentli olmak değişmekte olan düzenin bir parçası olmaktır. Nitekim birey yaşadığı kentsel koşullarda gerçekleşen değişim dinamikleri üzerinden karakterini ortaya koymaktadır. Yaşanan değişimin öbeğinde bireyin olması değişimden en çok da bireyin etkilendiğinin bir göstergesidir. Çalışmamızda yeni kapitalist sistemin kent üzerindeki etkilerinin bir tezahürü olarak ortaya çıkan maneviyat arayışları ve yeni kentlileşme arasındaki ilişkinin boyutları ortaya konmuştur. Bu bağlamda kapitalist kentleşme ile yeni tutum ve alışkanlıklar kazanan bireyin karakterine atfedilen başlıca nitelikler, R. Sennett, Z. Bauman ve E. Fromm’un bakış açıları dikkate alınarak irdelenmiştir. Değerlendirme sonucunda her üç yazarın karakter üzerinde yoğunlaştığı belirgin noktalar öne çıkmakla birlikte bazı özellikler de benzerlikler göstermektedir. Benzer nitelikler arasında “tüketici eğilime yatkın, yüzeysel ve geçici ilişkilere sahip, esnek ve değişime açık olma, hedeflerini kısa süreli tutma vb.” özelliklerin ortaya çıktığını söylemek mümkündür.
A randomized clinical trial ofexenatide onT2D v1
Authors: Xu Jing
Published: May 2020

Among the Chinese adults with diabetes, the proportion of overweight is 41.0%, the proportion of obesity is 24.3%, and the proportion of abdominal obesity is as high as 45.4% in 2008, which shows an increasing trend in recent years. Clinical studies have demonstrated that Asian people have higher levels of visceral fat than European and American populations. Obesity, especially abdominal obesity is closely associated with Diabetic Nephropathy (DN). exenatide improves glycemic control and reduces body weight in patients with T2DM. In animal studies, exenatide can ameliorate albuminuria and improve kidney function. However, only a few studies evaluate the microalbuminuria in human. This study aims to investigate the effect of exenatide on urinary albumin, obese indices and glucose control in overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Geriatrik bireylerde bel ağrısı riski
Authors: YAĞCI Nesrin , CAVLAK Uğur , BASKAN Emre , ÖZTOP Mücahit
Published: May 2020

Amaç: Bel ağrısının, tüm dünyada yıllardır oldukça yaygın bir sağlık sorunu olduğu belgelenmiştir. Bel ağrısı, 30 yaş üstü insanların %80'ini yaşamlarının bir noktasında etkiler. Bu çalışmanın amacı yaşlı erişkinlerde bel ağrısı riskini değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya beş yüz elli altı yaşlı (279 kadın; 277 erkek; ortalama yaş: 71,45 ± 5,99 yıl) dahil edildi. Ağrı şiddeti, Visual Analog skalası (VAS) kullanılarak ölçüldü. Yaşlı erişkinlerin bel ağrısı riski oranı, Bel Ağrısı Riski Ölçeği kullanılarak değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Katılımcıların %60,4'ü bel ağrısı bildirirken (n:335), geri kalanı bel ağrısı bildirmedi (n: 221; %39,6). Bel ağrısı olan katılımcıların ortalama ağrı şiddeti 4,43 ± 1,9 cm idi. Tüm katılımcılarda bel ağrısı riski incelendiğinde, bel ağrısı olmayan yaşlı katılımcıların %39,5'inin potansiyel risk altında olduğu ve bel ağrısı olan yaşlı katılımcıların %47'sinin önemli risk altında olduğu bulundu.Sonuç: Bulgular bel ağrısı bildirmeyen çoğunlukla yaşlı Türk erişkinlerin bel ağrısı açısından risk altında olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu nedenle geriatrik bireyler yaşam kalitelerini artırmak için kronik bel ağrısı açısından değerlendirilmelidir.
Evaluation of the satisfaction of patients who underwent breast reduction surgery with Breast-Q questionnaire
Authors: AKŞAM Ersin , ORAL Meltem
Published: May 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of patient demographics, operative techniques and post-operative care on patient satisfaction after breast reduction operations were evaluated in this study. Materials and Methods: Patients who undergo breast reduction surgery were offered to fulfil Breast-Q reduction module survey in pre-operative and post-operative sixth month period. Patient data such as age, height, weight, smoking, marital status and parenting have been recorded. Operative variances such as drain use and cutaneous stitches and complications, post-operative discharge days, staying in a private room were recorded with post-operative survey module. Results: Seventy-six patients were included in this study. The average age was 45.8 and mean body mass index (BMI) was 29.2. Post-operative satisfaction with breasts, psychosocial, sexual and physical wellbeing scores were significantly higher than pre-operative scores. Older women had higher pre-operative scores from satisfaction with breasts and psychosocial wellbeing. Younger patients and normal weight patients had higher scores from post-operative physical wellbeing. Satisfaction with breasts, sexual and physical wellbeing, satisfaction with information, surgeon and medical stuff scores were significantly lower in patients who had a post-operative complication.Conclusion: Surgery without complications is the most powerful factor that increases patient satisfaction. Patient demographics such as age and BMI can be used for patient selection for higher patient satisfaction.
Assessment of the readability of internet-based patient educational materials on acute rheumatic fever
Authors: ARSLAN Derya , KOZANHAN Betül , TUTAR Mahmut Sami
Published: May 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the readability of acute rheumatic fever-related Internet-based patient education materials. Materials and Methods: A total of 250 websites assessed, 50 for each of the keywords (“acute rheumatic fever,” “acute joint rheumatism’’, “rheumatic fever’’, “acute rheumatic carditis’’, “rheumatic carditis’’) on search engine Google (available at www.google.com). Sites with less information than ten sentences, chat, forum and commercial blog sites were excluded from the study. Average word count, average syllable number and words with an average syllable number of 4 and above were calculated. The average readability level was analyzed using Ateşman and Bezirci-Yilmaz readability formulas. Results: A total of 50 out of 250 websites were eligible for examination after the applying of the exclusion criteria. Of the sites reviewed, 33 created by health-care professionals and the 17 by non-health-care professionals. The readability of the web sites was moderate difficulty according to the Ateşman formula, and comprehensible to people at undergraduate level according to the Bezirci-Yılmaz formula. Conclusion: The readability level of patient educational texts related to acute rheumatic fever field on web sites was at academic literacy level. This information would be difficult to understand by the average education level in the Turkey.
Frequency of rotavirus and enteric adenovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in Halfeti district, Sanliurfa, Turkey
Authors: BARUTÇU Adnan , BARUTÇU Saliha
Published: May 2020

Background/Aim: Enteric viruses (rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus, etc.) have been reported as the most common cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis. Rotavirus can cause severe fluid and electrolyte imbalance and the development of fatal complications during the course of the disease if not diagnosed and treated early. The aim of study was to evaluate the frequency, epidemiological characteristics, clinical and laboratory data of rotavirus and enteric adenovirus agents in children presenting with diarrhea. Material and Method: The records of patients with diarrhea between ages of 0-12 who applied to Halfeti State Hospital between July 2017 and July 2019 and diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis and whose rotavirus and enteric adenovirus tests (examined by immunochromatographic methods) were requested were evaluated retrospectively. The frequency of rotavirus and adenovirus gastroenteritis, demographic data, clinical status, laboratory findings of these patients; age groups, gender and seasonal distribution were examined. SPSS 25.0 package program was used for statistical analysis. Results: 640 patients were included in the study. The median age of the patients was 22 months and 57% were male. Rotavirus was detected in 40% of the patients and adenovirus was found in 10.2% of the patients. It was found that the hospitalization rates of children with positive rotavirus were higher than other groups. The children with rotavirus are mostly in winter; children with adenovirus mostly in spring; rotavirus and adenovirus negative children were admitted to the emergency department mostly during the summer months. Conclusion: Viral agents constitute an important part of acute gastroenteritis in our region. It was found that stool examinations were important in the diagnosis of rotavirus and adenovirus gastroenteritis causing high mortality and morbidity. We think that unnecessary antibiotic use will decrease with appropriate treatment and the incidence of the disease and hospitalization cost burden will decrease with increasing rotavirus vaccination rates for Turkey.
The effects of simulation on nursing students’ protecting patients’ rights: A qualitative study
Authors: GÖÇMEN BAYKARA Zehra , EYİKARA Evrim , ÇALIŞKAN Nurcan
Published: May 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of simulation used in nursing education on the protection of patients’ rights.Materials and Methods: This qualitative study involved a total of 29 nursing students. The study data was collected through focus group interviews using Interview Form. Interviews recorded with a voice-recording device. The focus group interview questions were intended to clarify the effects of simulation on the protection of patients’ rights. The qualitative data were analysed via a thematic content analysis.Results: The students suggested that the simulation contributes positively to the protection of patients’ rights in terms of ethical principles, respect for the autonomy of patients, nonmaleficence, beneficence and justice. Conclusion: Simulation is an effective method that allows students to perceive the importance of patients’ rights and acquire professional skills without violating these rights.
Preoperative hemogram and biochemistry values of patients undergoing oral and dental surgical operations under local anesthesia
Authors: EGE Bilal , GEYİK Abdüssamed , KURT Muhammed Yusuf , KOPARAL Mahmut
Published: May 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the preoperative hemogram and biochemistry values of patients who undergo oral and dental surgical operations under local anesthesia.Materials and Methods: The study included 1598 patients who visited the Faculty of Dentistry at Adıyaman University. The patients’ demographic information as age and sex and biochemistry values as blood glucose level (BGL), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Gama-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT), sodium (Na), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) and hemogram values as white blood cell count (WBC), Hemoglobin (HGB), Hematocrit (HCT) and Platelet count (PLT) were recorded and statistically analyzed.Results: There were abnormal values outside the normal limits in all hemogram and biochemical values that were examined. Among these, high values of BGL, AST, ALT, GGT and WBC and low values of Na, Ca, HGB and HCT were more frequent. When the values measured outside the reference ranges were examined in terms of sex, it was seen that the GGT values were significantly higher in the men, while the HGB and PLT values were significantly higher in the women. The abnormal values were distributed significantly more among the age group of 21-40.Conclusion: In patients from whom detailed medical anamnesis is not collected, it is believed that taking hemogram and biochemical tests before oral surgical procedures is important in terms of elimination of negative issues that may arise.
Growth parameters of Turkish children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: BALCI Sibel , ÇALKAN Mehmet , ÖZDEMİR Semine , DOĞRUEL Dilek , ALTİNTAS Derya , KİSLA EKİNCİ Rabia Miray
Published: May 2020

Purpose: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease in childhood which could results in growth retardation. With the present study, we aimed to investigate the growth parameters in Turkish children with JIA. Materials and Methods: Clinical and laboratory data, weight, height, and body mass index of 233 JIA patients were retrospectively collected from medical files. Growth parameters and z-scores were calculated by anthropometric references in Turkish children. The patients were diagnosed according to the International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification criteria.Results: The frequency of female patients was 59.2% (138). The mean age at diagnosis was 7.40±4.54 years, the mean age at the study time was 11.20±4.45 years. While mean initial visit weight and BMI z-scores were significantly improved at last visit, initial mean height z-score was significantly decreased. The frequency of short stature at last visit was 7.3% (number, 17). Acute phase reactants, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein levels were significantly lower at last visit than initial. Last visit growth parameters did not differ according age at diagnosis, disease duration and presence or absence of remission, relapses, corticosteroid usage, and biologic agent usage. Conclusion: Suppressing ongoing inflammation in JIA patients improves both weight and BMI z-scores of those patients, however, it may be insufficient to prevent short stature.
Balon ya da stent yardımlı intrakranial anevrizma tedavisi stabil okluzyonunda koil paket dansitesinin rolü
Authors: ÖNAL Yılmaz , VELİOĞLU Murat
Published: May 2020

Amaç: Koil paket dansitesinin (KPD) intraktaniyal anevrizma nüksünde önemli bir prediktif faktör olduğu ile ilgili birçok çalışma vardır. Çalışmamızda KPD yoğunluğunun tedavide kullanılan endovasküler tekniğe göre, anevrizma stabil okluzyonundaki rolünü göstermeyi amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntem: 2018-2019 tarihleri arasında balon ya da stent yardımlı koil embolizasyon ile tedavi edilmiş anevrizmaların retrospektif analizi yapıldı. Tedavi sonrası anevrizma okluzyon değerlendirmesinde Raymond-Roy sınıflaması, anevrizmaların paketleme yoğunluğu için ise AngioCalc serebral ve periferik anevrizma hesaplayıcısı kullanıldı.Bulgular: Çalışmaya 30 hastadaki 31intraserebral anevrizma dahil edildi. Balon yardımlı koil embolizasyon yapılan anevrizma sayısı 18 iken, stent yardımlı embolizasyon yapılan anevrizma sayısı ise 13 idi. Yapılan kontrol görüntülemede balon yardımı kullanılan hastaların %38.8’inde, stent yardımı kullanılan hastaların ise %7.7’sinde rekanalizasyon saptandı. Çalışmamızda mortalite izlenmemiş olup, morbidite oranı %3.3 idi. Sonuç: KPD yoğunluğu, Raymond-Roy Class 1 anevrizma okluzyonu sağlamak için oldukça önemli bir faktördür. Bununla birlikte, anevrizma hacmi arttıkça, yüksek KPD sağlamak zorlaşmakta ve bu durum rekanalizasyon riskini arttırmaktadır. Daha büyük hasta grupları ve daha uzun süreli takipler ile yapılacak çalışmalar, stent yardımlı tedavi edilen anevrizmalarda, stent kullanımının da nüks riskini azalttığını gösterilebilir.
A study to assess the magnitude of atypical pneumonia by serum polymerase chain reaction in children aged 3 years to 18 years at Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Authors: S. Ramya H. , Gopi Anjana , Elango Vivetha , Kumar Mansi
Published: May 2020

Background: Atypical organisms are a common causative agent of pneumonia in children more than 3 years of age, causing around 10-30% of the cases. Though atypical pathogens are said to cause relatively milder form of pneumonia as compared to other bacterial and viral pathogens, severe manifestations can also occur. Early identification of these pathogens can help in starting treatment with macrolides, which can reduce the length of hospital stay and mortality. Hence in this study the prevalence of atypical organisms was identified by using serum Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in children between 3 years to 18 years of age with clinical diagnosis of pneumonia admitted in wards and PICU in KIMS hospital. Authors excluded Immunocompromised children. Detailed history and clinical examination was done. Investigations - complete hemogram, Chest Xray, blood Culture and sensitivity and serum PCR was done for a sample size of 100 children.Results: In this study among the three atypical organisms, Legionella pneumoniae was identified in 2% of the cases by serum PCR.Conclusions: In this study among the three atypical pathogens authors could only identify Legionella pneumoniae. Prevalence of Legionella pneumoniae was 2%. While treating children aged 3 years to 18 years with pneumonia, a high degree of suspicion of atypical pathogens is required, especially in Legionella because of its high mortality rate. In such circumstances adding macrolides along with other antibiotics will be beneficial to the patients outcome and duration of hospital stay.
Effects of probiotics on stool frequency in term newborns
Authors: S. Ashiana , S. Gurmeet
Published: May 2020

Background: Probiotics are live micro-organisms, which if given in the right doses, can be beneficial to their host. They are known for their ability to promote the growth of other micro-organisms and to increase the activity of bacteria in the intestinal microflora. Supplementing infants with probiotics was shown to regulate gastrointestinal motility. They can stimulate intestinal peristalsis, which promotes elimination of bilirubin. Probiotics have been shown to increase intestinal transit time.Methods: This study was conducted in Shri Guru Ram Das Institute of Health Sciences and Research involving 150 term healthy newborns. They were divided into two groups. Group 1 was given probiotics with 10ml distilled water and group 2 was given only 10ml distilled water from 1st to 3rd day of life. Total number of stools passed in a day were recorded from 1st to 7th day of life in both the groups.Results: The mean frequency of stools were 3.76±1.08, 3.72±0.95, 4.02±0.92 in group 1 whereas the mean frequency of stools were 3.31±1.10, 3.39±0.98, 3.45±0.99 on 1st, 2nd, 3rd  day of life respectively.Conclusions: Statistically significant increase in frequency of stools were observed in group 1(probiotic group) than group 2 (only distilled water group) on 1st to 3rd day of life.
An observational study to determine the incidence and the clinico-epidemiologic profile of dengue fever in paediatric age group presenting to a tertiary care centre in Western Rajasthan, India
Authors: Kumari Sangeeta , Makwana Mohan , Mourya Harish Kumar , Mitharwal Ramavtar , Ram Shivji , Meena Anju , Patel Polesh
Published: May 2020

Background: Dengue remains major public health concern because of the expanding geographic distribution of both the virus and the mosquito vector. Aims and objectives was to determine the incidence of dengue fever in paediatric age group presenting to a tertiary care centre in Western Rajasthan and to evaluate the clinico-epidemiologic profile of these children.Methods: This is observational epidemiological study on patients of pediatric age group, over a period of one year.Results: A total of 210 ELISA positive cases, comprising of 55% males and 45% female (Male to female ratio of 1.2:1) were enrolled. In this study most (44.7%) were age group of 10-18 years, 80% patients from urban area, 93.8%. admitted between the months of September to December, 70.95% presented between 3rd to 5th days of their illness, 48 (22.86%) were tourniquet test positive at the time of admission with fever being most common (95.23%) presenting symptom, followed by headache (60%) and vomiting (55%). Almost all (99.52%) had thrombocytopenia (34.2% of them had severe thrombocytopenia), most (85%) had a hospital stay of less than a week, 98.10% patients required fluid therapy for less than 5 days. and a mean of 3.41±2.60 days were required by these patients to recover from significant thrombocytopenia. Here 22% (46) patient’s required ICU care, with shock being main indication for ICU admission, followed by requirement of blood product transfusion (73%). Bleeding manifestations were seen in  73(34%) patients, commonest being the epistaxis in 40 patients (55%).Conclusions: Incidence of dengue was 0.42% with 32.38%patients were IgG ELISA positive also.
Five year trend of aerobic bacteria isolated from patients with neonatal sepsis in a tertiary care centre, North Kerala, India
Authors: Jakribettu Ramakrishna Pai , A. Bindu , V. Twinkle , Neliyathodi Fysal
Published: May 2020

Background: Antimicrobial resistance has reached to a significant proportion globally. This antimicrobial resistance increases the cost of health care in addition to the existing burden of the prevalence of infectious disease in developing countries. We need to have institutional protocols based on the standard guidelines. It is important for the clinician to use antibiotics only when it is necessary. Thus, the present study was undertaken to know the bacteriological profile and antibiogram of aerobic pathogens isolated from blood samples of patients in NICU during 2012 -2016.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Clinical Microbiology and Paediatric department, MES Medical College, Perinthalmanna, between January 2012 to December 2016. All blood samples from suspected Neonatal sepsis were included in the study. The positive samples were cultured as per standard microbiological procedure and antimicrobial susceptibility was done as per CLSI guidelines.Results: During the study period of 5 years, out of 2022 blood samples received from NICU 251 (12.41%) were positive. During the study period, male patients (146, 58.17%) were more than the female. The Gram-positive isolates accounted for 135 (53.78%) isolates compared to Gram negative isolates 115 (45.81%). Authors had a single isolate of Candida species in 2014. Among the Gram positive isolates, Staphylococcus aureus (77/135) was the commonest and Klebsiella pneumoniae (51/115) among the Gram negative isolates. There was a steady rise in MRSA isolation rate in five years. The commonly used antibiotic in neonatal sepsis i.e., Ampicillin and Gentamicin, was observed to have high level of resistance. No resistance was observed against Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, Linezolid among Gram positive and against Carbapenems among Gram negative pathogens.Conclusions: As Gram positive organisms were the most common pathogen isolated in patients with neonatal septicaemia in our study population. The Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the common isolates. Following this study, Piperacillin tazobactum is considered as the drug for empirical therapy. Vancomycin and carbapenems are considered as reserve drug and escalated only following the report from microbiology report.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B among jaundiced cases in paediatric age group
Authors: Suman Sonali , Kumar Hemant
Published: May 2020

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health problem. Over two billion people have been infected with hepatitis B virus globally, of whom over 350 million are chronic carriers. Vertical (mother to child) and horizontal early childhood transmission are the main routes of HBV transmission and are responsible for most chronic infections. The aim of this study was to study the role played by different modes of transmission of HBV and to study the burden of hepatitis B in pediatric age group.Methods: All children below 12 years of age, admitted for jaundice, of both sexes, during one year study period were included. 50 patients (control) who were not suffering from jaundice or known liver disease were also included.Results: Prevalence of HBsAg positivity among jaundiced children was 15.24%. There was increase in HBsAg positivity with increase in the age signifying role of horizontal mode of transmission in Hepatitis B virus infection.Conclusions: HBV infection is an important health problem in paediatric age group. Horizontal mode of transmission plays important role in the spread of HBV infection among children.
Clinicoetiological profile and outcome of acute febrile illness with thrombocytopenia in children: a hospital based prospective study
Authors: Agarwal Priyanka , Das Ratan Kumar , Dash Dillip Kumar , Kumari Mamta , Mohanty M. D.
Published: May 2020

Background: Thrombocytopenia is often the most commonly encountered clinical condition in this routine practice. Etiological causes being numerous, often pose a challenge in evaluating and treating the patients. The objective of this study was to find out the different causes and clinical profile of fever with thrombocytopenia in children aged 1month to 14 year who were admitted in this set up.Methods: This was a prospective study done on 200 patients with thrombocytopenia admitted IMS AND SUM Hospital, BBSR with various complaints, during the period of 01 August 2017 to 01 August 2019. This study includes age group 1months to 14 years.Results: The highest incidence of thrombocytopenia belonged to the age group 11-14 years (22.5%) followed by 6-9 years (19.5%) and 3-6 years (18%). Incidence of thrombocytopenia was more in male child (58.5%) as compared to female child (41.5%). the most common cause of thrombocytopenia was dengue (50%), Scrub typhus (34%) septicaemia (17.5%) followed by malaria (10.5%). Among the infectious aetiology severe thrombocytopenia was seen more in dengue (25%) and scrub typhus (34.5%) but evidence of bleeding was seen more in sepsis (34.2%) even with higher platelet count which may be explained by associated multi organ failure.Conclusions: Infections like malaria, dengue, leptospirosis and septicaemia were the common causes of thrombocytopenia along with scrub typhus. Whenever thrombocytopenia is detected further investigations can help us in reaching a correct diagnosis in the majority of the cases so that appropriate treatment can be given and also to avoid unnecessary platelet transfusion to prevent transfusion related complications.