bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Interdisciplinary Management of a Patient with Molar–Incisor Pattern Periodontitis: A Case Report with 6 Months’ Follow-up
Authors: Rajendran Poornima , Vijay Ashita
Published: August 2024

Early destruction of the periodontium is characterized by rapid loss of the supporting structures of the teeth in an otherwise healthy individual under the age of 30 years. Management of such severe periodontitis commonly demands meticulous nonsurgical therapy, antibiotic administration, and surgical periodontal therapy with bone grafting procedures to reestablish the lost periodontium. In unfortunate circumstances that necessitate the extraction of teeth, prosthetic rehabilitation becomes quite complicated. The present case report describes an interesting case of molar–incisor pattern periodontitis that caused esthetic and functional compromise, and its conscientious prosthetic rehabilitation using a type of fixed-removable denture termed Andrew’s bridge.
Comparative Evaluation of Antifungal Property of Chitosan and Two Different Natural Oils on Heat-cured Denture Base Resins Against Candida albicans: An in vitro Study
Authors: Paul Vishal , Sisodiya Siddharth , Lahori Manesh
Published: August 2024

Background:

The concept “prevention is better than cure” goes by the fact with incorporating various nanoparticles as an antimicrobial agent in complete denture fabrication giving the patients an edge of esthetics, function, and longevity with biocompatibility. It gives a particular scope in the prevention and progression of denture stomatitis.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to determine the most effective antifungal agent against Candida species after incorporating in heat-cured denture base resin (DBR) material specimens.

Setting and Design:

The total number of 140 samples was fabricated from heat-cured DBR. The samples were further divided into four groups: Group I (samples were incorporated with chitosan), Group II (placed in 120 ml sesame oil for 48 h), Group III (placed in 120 ml sunflower oil for 48 h), and Group IV (samples treated with regular water). After treatment, each acrylic disc was placed in test tubes of 10 ml sterilized Sabouraud dextrose broth and incubated for 24 h, shaken 8 hourly, at 37°C. After incubation, all the tubes containing fungal growth were diluted to 10−4 and then 100 ml amount of specimen was seeded onto Sabouraud dextrose agar medium and incubated for 48 h at 37°C.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred forty specimens were fabricated from commercially available denture base material (DPI) and were divided as follows: Group I, Group II, Group III, and Group IV, i.e.; thirty-five each. Thirty-five specimens of Group I were incorporated with low-molecular-weight chitosan (LMWC). Thirty-five specimens of Group II were incorporated with sunflower oil. Thirty-five specimens of Group III were incorporated with sesame oil. Thirty-five specimens of Group IV were control. Candida suspension was used to contaminate the specimen. Final colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter were calculated to evaluate the effectiveness of chitosan, sunflower, and sesame oil. The data were tabulated and statistical analysis was done.

Statistical Analysis:

The results were compared with one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference test.

Results:

Group I shows the least amount of Candida colonies followed by Group III, Group II, and Group IV.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that residual CFUs in LMWC were least as compared to sesame oil and sunflower oil.
Antibacterial activity of Siddha formulation of Vellampattai koppali kizhalam (mouthwash) against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes for oral hygiene
Authors: Sivasankari Dhatchinamurthy , Kopika Sekar , Shanmugapriya Chinnaiyan , Satheesh Kumar Arumugam
Published: August 2024

Background:

Poor oral health characterized by inadequate hygiene may result in the formation of extensive dental biofilms (plaque) promoting oral colonization of pathogens. Siddha medicine plays a major role in the oral health care. Traditional claims have to be validated through scientific research for wider acceptance. The Siddha literature Anuboga Vaithiya Bhrama Ragaseyam mentioned Vellampattai Koppali Kizhalam (VKK) for oral hygiene and prevention of periodontal disease.

Objective:

The study aims to evaluate the anti-bacterial activity of VKK to prevent oral infection.

Materials and Methods:

VKK is an efficient Siddha formulation used to prevent oral infection. One of the important ingredients is Veppam pattai (Azidarchia indica) which is found to have an antibacterial effect. In the present study, the antibacterial susceptibility test for VKK was done using the microdilution plate method using resazurin.

Results:

The current study observed that VKK exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC 1000 µg) and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The color change was observed and recorded as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value using the standard drug chloramphenicol (10 µg).

Conclusion:

The study revealed that the Siddha formulation have strong anti-bacterial activity and offers profound therapeutic effects against periodontal disease and improve oral hygiene.
Phytochemical characterization of Siddha herbomineral formulation: Kalingathi Kadugu in the management of Karpa Vippuruthi (cervical cancer)
Authors: Saravanan Roobhini , Muthusamy Thrisha , Walter Thomas Muthusamy
Published: August 2024

Kalingathi Kadugu (KK) is a herbomineral formulation mentioned in Siddha literature “Agathiyar Vaithya Vallathi 600” (AVV 600) used for the management of ascites, abdominal disorders, and cancer. Phytochemical and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analyses are important methods to identify the fingerprints of the chemical composition of traditional medicines. KK has been prepared as per AVV 600 after following proper purification methods for the ingredients. The phytochemical and TLC analyses were performed as per standard guidelines. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of tannins and triterpenoids. The triterpenoids in the formulation have therapeutic potential against the diseases. The results from this analysis will serve as a preliminary standard for KK, which is an important Siddha formulation.
A Comparative Study of Mulligan Taping Versus McConnell Taping along with SNAGS in the Treatment of Mechanical Low Back Pain
Authors: Gohil Divya , More Ashwini , Baxi Gaurang , Aggarwal Amita , Patole Khyati , Palekar Tushar J.
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction:

Mechanical back pain, a common name for a range of pain conditions caused by shear forces on muscles and aberrant tension on the spinal column, refers to discomfort caused by overloading of anatomical systems, which increases joint stiffness and reduces the elasticity and flexibility of the spine. Mulligan taping and Kinesio taping have both been effective in improving the range of motion by reducing pain and correcting the positional fault and repositioning joints and decreasing stress on the anatomical structures. This study compares the effects of Mulligan taping versus Kinesio taping along with with sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGS) on pain, range of motion, and disability in individuals having mechanical low back pain.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty people aged between 21 and 50 years were recruited with informed consent following approval from the ethical committee. Two sets of participants were selected by convenient sampling: Group B (SNAGS + Kinesio taping) and Group A (SNAGS + Mulligan taping). The Modified Schober’s test, the Roland–Morris low back pain and disability questionnaire, and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale pain score were used as outcome measures. Measurements were taken on day 1 and day 14.

Results:

Data were analyzed using WinPepi software. Normality was checked with the Shapiro–Wilks test. The Wilcoxon signed rank-sum test was used to compare differences within the groups. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare differences between the groups. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in both groups, whereas no significant differences were observed between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

SNAGS along with Mulligan taping and SNAGS with Kinesio taping are equally effective for reducing pain and disability and improving the range of motion in individuals undergoing mechanical low back pain treatment.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown on Physical, Psychological, and Social Well-Being of Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Chutke Amruta P.
Published: August 2024

Knowing that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the resultant lockdowns severely curtailed the mobility and accessibility to healthcare services for people with disability (PWD); the objective was to explore the impact and challenges faced by different disabling conditions among PWDs. A systematic review was conducted using online databases on impact or effect of COVID-19 on people with disabilities. Forty-three articles were included. Studies on different disability conditions reported reduced access to healthcare and rehabilitative services due to lockdown during the pandemic. There was reduction in physical activity; increased behavioral problems; poor compliance to preventive measures; and they experience anxiety, fear, depression, stress, loneliness, social isolation, and financial crisis. Their families and caregivers also experienced adverse emotional, economic, and social consequences of the pandemic. The study highlights need for mass sensitization, mobilization of services and creating awareness for adaptation and implementation of comprehensive disability inclusive guidelines.
Effect of Alcohol and Smoking on Semen Analysis Parameters
Authors: Raj Akshi , Iqbal Banyameen , Sharma Anuj , Gore Charusheela Rajesh , Kumar Harsh , Singh Madhuri
Published: August 2024

Background:

Infertility affects close to 10%–15% of all couples in reproductive age group. A myriad of life style variables including consumption of alcohol, smoking along with increased exposure to electromagnetic waves emitting from cell phones and personal computers for prolonged durations, have had a negative impact on the quality of semen in males.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 male patients under evaluation for infertility. Physical and macroscopic examination was carried out followed by in detail microscopic examination according to the World Health Organization 2010 guidelines.

Results:

Fertility scoring was done for all 250 subjects and 67.2% of cases were found to be fertile, 14.4% were subfertile, and 18.4% of cases were found to be infertile. Among the 168 fertile subjects, majority 75.6% of cases were young in the age group of 20–30 years, 85.1% of cases did not consume alcohol, and 86.3% of cases did not smoke. Among the 46 infertile subjects, majority 54.3% of cases were in the age group of 20–30 years, 84.8% of cases consumed some amount of alcohol, and 54.3% of cases had a history of tobacco smoking. Majority 64.1% of the subjects having a combination of all three lifestyle factors were found to be infertile, whereas only 2.6% of such subjects were found to be fertile.

Conclusion:

This study shows that the consumption of alcohol and cigarette smoking has a significant deleterious effect on the process of sperm production and male reproductive potential; therefore, counseling regarding this negative impact needs to be focused upon by all clinicians and infertility specialists while handling such cases.
Post-Covid Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (Mis-C) with Rare Gastrointestinal Ramifications
Authors: Sahu Sanjay Kumar , Mohapatra Soumya Ranjan , Das Sushant Kumar , Kumar Ravi , Mohakud Nirmal Kumar
Published: August 2024

Children with prior coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection display an increased systemic inflammation causing multiorgan dysfunctions in the cardiovascular, respiratory, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal (GI) systems, known as MIS-C, that is, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Most of the MIS-C cases have GI manifestations like pain abdomen, loose motion, vomiting or nausea, elevated liver enzymes, ileus, and bleeding. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in the terminal ileum and colon are responsible for the majority of ACE2-induced damage to these tissues. In the pandemic's second wave, a significant number of MIS-C patients with predominantly GI symptoms (around 80%) were reported. Although different molecular inflammatory mechanisms are involved, there is a significant overlap of the children's GI symptoms with those of MIS-C and other conditions of the abdomen caused by infection or inflammation, thus resulting in a diagnostic dilemma. Here, we report two cases of MIS-C with acute appendicular perforation and ileal perforation needing both medical management and surgical intervention.
Clinicopathological Study of Mediastinal Lesions with Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Kulkarni Maithili Mandar , Siddhi Gaurish Sinai Khandeparkar , Gogate Bageshri , Lengare Pranoti
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Mediastinum is the central portion of the thoracic cavity, compartmentalization of which into anterior, middle, and posterior compartments is useful in understanding the vast diversity of pathological lesions in this space. Cysts, inflammatory lesions, various primary, and metastatic tumors are found in this region, which tend to have a predilection for specific area of mediastinum depending on histopathological type.

Objective:

The objective was to study the clinicoradiological features and histopathological findings in patients presenting with mediastinal masses in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 10 years.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of cases presenting as mediastinal lesions. Detailed clinical history and radiological findings were noted wherever available. Histopathology and immunohistochemical slides were reviewed. The data were analyzed using mean and percentage.

Results:

Twenty-four cases of mediastinal lesions were found in this study. It included 4 nonneoplastic lesions, 12 benign, and 8 malignant neoplastic cases. The age ranged from 3 months to 79 years. About 18 cases (64%) were located in the anterior mediastinum, and thymoma (8/18) was the most common lesion. One case each of pericardial cyst, bronchial cyst, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma were seen in the middle mediastinum. Three cases of schwannoma and one case of neuroendocrine carcinoma were seen in the posterior mediastinum. Pan-cytokeratin, lymphoma panel, neuroendocrine markers, and placental alkaline phosphatase were done in neoplastic lesions to confirm the diagnosis.

Conclusion:

This study reflects the varied mediastinal lesions and importance of triad of clinical, radiological, and meticulous immunohistopathological examination for arriving at an appropriate diagnosis.
Acute Onset Bilateral Ptosis in an Asymptomatic COVID Patient
Authors: Revivarman Kathyayini Vijayalekshmi , Krishnan Arun Kumar , Gireeshkumar K. P. , Sreekrishnan T. P. , Maria Manna
Published: August 2024

Sixty-five-year old man, known hypertensive with previous history of cerebrovascular accident presented to the Emergency Department with complaints of acute onset ptosis for the last 7 h. Onset of ptosis was sudden and was not associated with waxing and waning of symptoms. Examination revealed bilateral ptosis with no other neurological deficits. Differentials of acute cerebrovascular accident, myasthenia, and neurotoxic envenomation were considered. Magnetic resonance imaging stroke protocol was done which revealed an acute mid brain infarct. Real-time polymerized chain reaction test for corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19) done in view of the pandemic situation was positive. Acute onset bilateral ptosis is an infrequent presentation to any emergency room. Prompt diagnosis and evaluation of the various differentials is of utmost significance in improving the patient outcome. Ptosis occurs due to paresis of levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) and Mullers muscle. In this patient, isolated ptosis with papillary sparing probably occurs due to the involvement of caudal sub nucleus of oculomotor nucleus. Ischemic events especially stroke is emerging as complication of COVID-19. COVID-19 is associated with hypercoagulopathy and the elevation of d-dimer and fibrinogen, leading to potential complications like acute stroke. COVID-19 infection may not always present with the typical respiratory symptoms and atypical presentations are incrementing. However, the patient had risk factors for stroke and a causal relationship with coronavirus infection remains conjectural.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Contagion Laws and Policies in International and National Perspectives
Authors: Nomani M.Z. M.
Published: August 2024

There is a settled statute concerning health rights and qualifications in emergency and normalcy. The current dash of legal advancement addresses novelty in the comprehension of India's epidemic and disaster administration. India has crossed 43,144,820 positive cases and 524,525 deceased persons due to COVID-19 until May 26, 2022. India has never spent over 2% of its gross domestic product on medical services. The probability of a principal statute of general health under these conditions needs a new generation of public laws and policies. The pre-constitution vintage of theEpidemic Diseases Act, 1897, contradicts Entry 29 of the accompanying rundown of theConstitution of India, 1950, and fighting the bordering nature of COVID-19 in India. Therefore an investigation into the legal approach to the scourge of pandemic in the global and national purview appears to be entrancing in extending our comprehension of contagion control, the State's role, and citizen's freedom. The privilege of health and life is a vital concern of the State, particularly amid pestilence and pandemics. The cross-country lockdown and COVID-19 have seen a progression of legal intervention in health rights and entitlement in broader goals of COVID-19 pandemic and contagion laws and policies in India.
Chemical Shift Color Parametric Maps for Quantification and Grading of Hepatic Steatosis in Normal and Abnormal Body Mass Index
Authors: Dhulipala Samanta , Yadav Pratiksha
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

The objective of this study is to assess the role of chemical shift color parametric maps for quantification and grading of hepatic steatosis and correlate its association with normal and abnormal body mass index (BMI).

Methodology:

IEC approved cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 cases, classified into normal, overweight/obese groups based on their BMI. In this study, the LiverLab software was used to quantify and grade hepatic steatosis.

Results:

The comparison of proton density fat fraction-fat percentage between the three groups was done using the one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests which showed that obese group has the highest value of 14.15 and normal group has the least value of 4.568. This difference is statistically significant with a test value of 82.97 and P < 0.001.

Conclusion:

Chemical shift imaging is a noninvasive and fast acquisition method for hepatic fat quantification and also grades the severity of hepatic steatosis. We could quantify fat percentage of the entire liver, grade and further correlate it with BMI.

Advances in Knowledge:

This can be useful in detecting early cases of liver steatosis and early lifestyle modification changes that can be made to decrease liver fat content and thereby decreasing the burden of silent epidemics such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices toward COVID-19 during Pandemic among Indian Adults
Authors: Bansod Vaishali Praful , Nannaware Mayavati , Kulkarni Shradhha , Singru Samir , Chawla P.S. , Kalra Khyati
Published: August 2024

Background:

People's adherence to recommended control measures is influenced by their Knowledge, attitude and practices they are following in COVID-19 Pandemic. So study was carried out to assess Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding COVID-19 among Indian citizens.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was carried out among Indian citizens above 18 years of age using snowball sampling method. Data were collected through Google Forms containing structured questionnaire.

Results:

Totally 678 citizens responded across 20 states of India. More females reported fever, dry cough, tiredness, difficulty in breathing, headache as most common symptoms of covid-19 and sneezing, coughing as way of its transmission than male. This difference was statistically significant. Most of the study participants had favorable attitude and behavior toward COVID-19 infection.

Conclusion:

Majority of the participants have good knowledge, favorable attitude, and practices regarding COVID-19 during this ongoing pandemic situation. Still, continuous awareness with regard to new evidence gathered is needed to break chain of transmission to contain COVID-19 disease. Individual's attitude toward health-care worker and police personnel needs to be improved through behavior change communication activities that enable health-care workers and frontline workers to work proficiently to win the fight against COVID-19.
A Case–Control Study of Lung Cancer at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Maharashtra, India
Authors: Maurya Anita , Kumar Raj , Khera Anurag , Kumar Rajeev , Singh Dhananjay Kumar , Dudeja Puja
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, accounting for an estimated 9.6 million deaths, or one in six deaths, in 2018. Lung, prostate, colorectal, stomach, and liver cancers are the most common types of cancer in men, while breast, colorectal, lung, cervical, and thyroid cancers are the most common among women. The present study attempts to determine the various factors associated with lung cancer in Indian settings.

Objectives:

This study aimed to study various epidemiological and environmental risk factors associated with lung cancer and making suitable recommendations.

Materials and Methods:

The present study is a case–control study and carried out at a tertiary care hospital of India. The population comprised patients attending the hospital for any of their disease conditions. The sample size was calculated as 68 cases and 68 controls. The duration of study was January 2015–June 2017. Ethical clearance was obtained from the college institutional ethics committee before the start of the study. Informed consent was obtained from each subject before the conduct of the study. Data collection was done by a pretested and prestructured questionnaire. Data entry and analysis was entered by researcher and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software.

Results:

On analysis, it was found that the use of tobacco product, duration of incense stick use, and fuel used for cooking food or heating significantly associated with lung cancer.

Conclusions:

The study concluded in bringing out the various epidemiological and other environmental risk factors causing lung cancer.
Mental Slowness – May be It’s a Seizure!
Authors: Ostwal Piyush
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Cognitive impairment in the pediatric age group may be associated with many different ideologies. A 6-year-old girl presented in this report had recurrent daily cognitive deficits lasting many hours and was subsequently found to have epileptiform abnormalities on electroencephalogram. She was started on valproic acid and showed dramatic improvement in her psychomotor activities. This report emphasizes that, in a child with episodic behavioral disturbance, seizures should be considered as an underlying cause.
Pattern of Congenital Birth Defects at a Tertiary Care Center in South India; A Facility-Based Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Nayak Vedavathy , Bharathi A , Arpitha MR , Anushree N , Marimuthu Yamini
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The prevalence and the pattern of birth defects help in devising strategies to reduce the burden of preventable birth defects. The study aimed to find out the pattern of various congenital anomalies in babies born at ESICMC & PGIMSR Hospital, Bangalore and to identify the associated risk factors, if any.

Material and Methods:

This hospital-based observational study was conducted in the Department of OBG during the period from 2016 to 2019. The data were collected from records and history taken from the antenatal patients with diagnosis of congenital abnormalities delivering at ESICMC & PGIMSR Hospital, Bangalore. Babies born were also assessed for congenital anomalies. Details of maternal age, parity, consanguinity, occupation, and maternal complications like diabetes were collected. The nature and severity of congenital abnormalities were recorded.

Results:

Out of total 11,469 deliveries in the study period, 77 babies were born with congenital anomalies (Prevalence 0.67%). The most common congenital anomalies involved the craniospinal system (53.2%), followed by the musculoskeletal system (19.5%). Multiple anomalies were present in 14.3% children. Anencephaly was the most common CNS anomaly. A history of abortions was present in 26% of women carrying anomalous fetuses. Majority of the anomalies were detected within 24 weeks of gestation (54.5%). A past h/o anomalous fetus or intrauterine fetal demise was present in 7% women.

Conclusions:

Our study observed that previous h/o abortions, history of consanguineous marriage, diabetes mellitus, and previous h/o anomalous fetus/IUD are prevalent among the women with anomalous babies in the study setting. Awareness to a large extent needs to be generated regarding the role of consanguinity as a risk factor for congenital anomalies. The importance of folic acid intake and early diagnosis and management of diabetes also needs to be emphasized. Prenatal diagnosis may be recommended to detect malformations early and plan management accordingly.
Media Consumption during COVID-19 and its Impact on Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Kumari Saloni , Bhagat Saloni , Surbhi Shikha , Singh Mamta
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Media have never been as essential as it has become during the time of pandemic. Every information related to disease, prevention, and precaution was on media. Since most of the people confined to their homes, they used media not only to get the information about pandemic but also used media as companion, which enhanced the overall consumption of media significantly. This study aims to assess the changed consumption pattern of media in Indian population before and during the pandemic and its relation to the psychological well-being.

Materials and Methods:

It was a cross-sectional web-based survey. Four hundred and five respondents participated in it. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:

It was found that media consumption pattern and duration both have changed during the pandemic. There was a significant difference between before and after usage of all types of media. There was also significant difference for viewing media category in demographic subgroups, age (P = 0.000), marital status (P = 0.000), occupation (P = 0.000), and place of living (P = 0.036). Females (odds ratio [OR] =2.045, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.305, 3.203) and retired (OR = 0.039, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.470) were significantly associated with poor mental well-being. Respondents consumed media for sometimes (OR = 2.045, 95% CI: 1.557, 4.012) and frequently (OR = 4.946, 95% CI: 1.995, 12.264) were also associated with poor mental well-being.

Conclusion:

The study demonstrates the existence of poor mental well-being among women and retires more. It also demonstrates that people who preferred watching news more during the pandemic had the chance of suffering from poor mental well-being.
The Infrahyoid Myocutaneous Flap an Unheeded Dimension in Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Saluja Harish , Shah Seemit , Sachdeva Shivani , Dadhich Anuj
Published: August 2024

The infrahyoid flap (IHF) is a myocutaneous pedicled flap, which is mostly supplied by the superior thyroid vessels through the infrahyoid muscle perforators. The flap is thin as well as pliable which provides a skin island that is approximately 7 by 4 cm from the central part of the anterior neck. The flap can be transferred on its pedicle of the superior thyroid artery and vein to reconstruct medium-sized head and neck defects created after cancer excision. One of the best substitutes considered for the reconstruction of moderate defects is the infrahyoid myocutaneous flap. It can be carried out for the defects in the oral cavity, oropharynx, or hypopharynx carcinomas. The flap can be either unilateral or bilateral superior thyroid pedicle flaps but the main limitations are restricted arc of rotation and small flap volume. The IHF is contraindicated in cases with prior irradiation as well as cases of neck metastasis. The flap is reliable, easy to harvest during neck dissection, oncologically it is safe, and it carries a negligible donor site morbidity. The data from various databases PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were included. The inclusion criteria were that only the review papers were included and that too published in the English language. This review paper highlights how the IHF can represent an excellent reconstructive solution to head and neck surgery as a tongue flap.
Functional Outcome of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Hamstring Graft along with Augmentation of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate
Authors: Bhamare Dhammapal , Nathani Girish , Shevate Ishan , Deshmukh Ashwin
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Athletic population are more prone to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. Surgical intervention is required for ACL tears as it restores the knee function and it prevents early osteoarthritis. In the recent research, there is increasing use of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) in orthopedic. BMAC provides with mesenchymal stem cells, progenitor cells, and growth factors which have potential benefits in hamstring graft healing after ACL reconstruction.

Methods:

Thirty patients between the age group of 18 and 40 years with complete ACL tear were selected after obtaining approval from institutional research committee and were divided into two groups; control group in which only ACL reconstruction was done and second group in which ACL reconstruction was done augmenting it with BMAC. For the BMAC group, 3 ml of BMAC was obtained in the operation theatre itself and was injected into femoral tunnel and tibial tunnel just before portal suturing. Functional outcome in the form of LYSHOM, Oxford knee score, and International Knee Documentation Committee Scoring Scale was obtained postoperatively after 2 years.

Results:

Most of the patients with augmentation had better functional outcome as compared to those who were not augmented.

Conclusion:

BMAC showed faster and better healing of the graft in ACL reconstruction.
Cytodiagnosis of Subcutaneous Pheohyphomycosis
Authors: Patil Amruta Ashok , Gosavi Alka V. , Bansode Indrani
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Pheohyphomycosis is mycotic infection caused by dematiaceous fungi characterized by myceliform septate hyphae, pseudo hyphae and yeast forms of pigmented fungus. It may cause local or systemic disseminated infection. The objective of this study is to emphasize on keen cytologic examination of aspirate in diagnosis of subcutaneous pheohyphomycosis with the help of special stain. We describe a case of seventy-eight-year-old man presented with nodulocystic swelling over the right forearm clinically thought to be a neoplasm. FNAC smears from the swelling showed fungal hyphae morphologically consistent with pheohyphomycosis. Cytological examination helps in early diagnosis of this disease and prompt patient management.
Extent of Involvement of Private Practitioners in Public-Private Mix-Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (PPM-DOTS) for Tuberculosis Management in South Coastal India
Authors: Prakash Mathiyalagen , Rajagopal Anandaraj , Vasudevan Kavita , Subramani Senthil Kumar , Basu Mausumi
Published: August 2024

Background:

Ensuring the effective participation of both public and private healthcare providers is essential to fulfill the goals of universal access to tuberculosis (TB) care.

Objectives:

The objective was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice about TB, Directly Observed Treatment Short (DOTS) program and Public-Private Mix-DOTS course (PPM-DOTS) strategy among allopathic private practitioners (PP) and to explore their extent of involvement in PPM-DOTS strategy in the diagnosis, notification, and management of TB in Puducherry, India.

Materials and Methods:

A sequential explanatory mixed-method study was conducted from November 2017 to February 2018 with quantitative survey using a pretested semistructured questionnaire followed by in-depth interview (IDI) using field guide. Descriptive manual content analysis was performed after verbatim transcription of the manuscripts from IDIs.

Results:

Qualitative data based on survey revealed that 97.66% of PPs were aware of subjecting patients with cough for more than 2 weeks for sputum examination and 93.75% were aware of mandatory TB notification. About 88.28% preferred to get the investigation done for presumptive TB cases from nearby DOTS centers. About 89.06% preferred to refer TB cases to nearby primary health centers whereas only 20.31% preferred to notify TB cases. IDIs revealed that PPM-DOTS was not utilized optimally due to the following reasons: minimal TB caseload to collaborate and function with DOTS centers, fear of losing the patient, distrust in PP, busy schedule, availability of Anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) in the nearby pharmacy, breach of confidentiality while notification and finally the easy referral mechanism due to nearby DOTS centers.

Conclusions:

Involvement of PPs in PPM-DOTS remains sub-optimal. Strategies such as conducting regular workshops, providing timely information about policy changes, and constructive communications individually with PPs to dispel any misconceptions might enhance PPM-DOTS.
Necrotizing canaliculitis
Authors: Sheikh Osama Al , Thaqib Rawan Al , Sulaiman Naif Al , Al-Sharif Eman M.
Published: August 2024

Canaliculitis is defined as infection of the canalicular part of the lacrimal system. Despite usual presenting clinical characteristics such as pouting of the lacrimal punctum, discharge, and redness at the medial canthus area, it is usually misdiagnosed and overlooked. The presence of punctal ulceration and tissue necrosis is an uncommon presentation in these patients. We report a case of a 35-year-old female with a 3-day history of left lower eyelid medial swelling, tenderness, and discharge. She was found to have left lower eyelid diffuse conjunctival injection and swelling involving the lower lacrimal punctum with whitish necrotic tissue. The patient was taken to the minor treatment room and debridement of the necrotic tissue was done and swabs were taken for culture and sensitivity. The punctum was found to be open with deroofing of the proximal canalicular system due to the severe nature of the infection; this was followed by irrigation using moxifloxacin and povidone-iodine. The patient was started on systemic antibiotics, topical antibiotic eye drops, and povidone-iodine sticks to clean the affected area. Few days later, the microbiology results revealed infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the patient was improving gradually until she had complete resolution of the infection.
Orbital involvement in lacrimal drainage disorders
Authors: Bothra Nandini , Ali Mohammad J.
Published: August 2024

Lacrimal sac is situated anterior to the orbital septum, which acts as a barrier, thus limiting the posterior migration of the pathologies affecting the lacrimal drainage system. Certain pathologies can breach this barrier and secondarily involve the orbit causing significant clinical manifestations. This posterior migration of pathology also has a significant influence on the management and outcomes. The present paper will discuss the lacrimal pathologies which secondarily involve the orbit and its influence on the management and outcomes.
Giant cell arteritis versus Takayasu's Arteritis
Authors: Mortensen Peter W. , Raviskanthan Subahari , Chévez-Barrios Patricia , Lee Andrew G.
Published: August 2024

There are multiple vasculitides which are distinguished based on multiple criteria, including size of affected vessels, distribution of vessels affected, histopathologic differences, genetic factors, and age at presentation. Takayasu's arteritis (TkA) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are the two main medium to large vessel vasculitides. These vasculitides are associated with different racial predilections, vascular distributions, age groups, diagnostic criteria, and treatments. Nevertheless, the many shared histopathologic features, genetic factors, and overlap in presentation of these two diseases suggest that they may actually be variable presentations of the same disease process, i.e., large vessel vasculitis. This article will review the genetics, histopathology, disease mechanisms, and diagnostic criteria for both TkA and GCA. Overall, despite major advances our understanding of these two diseases, it is still debated whether these two large vessel vasculitides represent two distinct diseases processes or simply variations of the same disease.
Isolated eyelid coloboma in association with complex choristoma in a newborn
Authors: Malaikah Rawan H. , Altwijri Rahaf J. , Alkatan Hind M. , Alsuhaibani Adel H.
Published: August 2024

Ocular choristomas are rare lesions that have been reported at the conjunctiva, sclera, orbit, or intraocularly with significant potential for visual disturbance. The complex type of choristomas shows a mixture of different cartilaginous, glandular, and muscular tissue in addition to fat. We present a patient with an associated eyelid coloboma and complex choristoma. A 12-day-old baby boy was referred to our hospital with an upper medial eyelid coloboma affecting almost two-thirds of the eyelid length with an additional sub-brow mass since birth. The baby also had secondary findings to the eyelid coloboma defect: temporal conjunctival symblepharon, vascularized cornea, and inferior pannus. The patient underwent an upper eyelid reconstruction with excisional biopsy of the sub-brow mass, which was diagnosed as a complex choristoma. This is the first case of an eyelid coloboma-associated with complex choristoma without any other systemic associations.
Analysis of accuracy of twelve intraocular lens power calculation formulas for eyes with axial hyperopia
Authors: Stopyra Wiktor
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE:

The purpose was to compare twelve intraocular lens power calculation formulas for eyes smaller than 22.0 mm in terms of absolute error (AE), the percentage of postoperative emmetropia, and agreement interval in Bland–Altman analysis.

METHODS:

The data of hyperopic patients who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification between January 2016 and July 2021 were reviewed. Intraocular lens power was calculated using Holladay 1, SRK/T, Hoffer Q, Holladay 2, Haigis, Barrett Universal II, Hill-RBF, Ladas, Kane, Emmetropia Verifying Optical (EVO), Pearl-DGS, and K6 formulas. Three months after phacoemulsification, refraction was measured, and the mean AE was calculated. The percentage of patients with full visual acuity (VA) without any correction, with ± 0.25D, ±0.5D, ±0.75D, and limits of agreement for each formula was established.

RESULTS:

Seventy-two patients, whose ocular axial length (AL) ranged between 20.02 mm and 21.98 mm, were included. The Kane formula achieved the lowest mean AE of 0.09 ± 0.09 just before EVO (0.12 ± 0.09), Hill-RBF (0.17 ± 0.12), and Hoffer Q formulas (0.19 ± 0.16). In addition, with the Kane formula, the percentage of patients with full VA without any correction (80.6%) was the highest ahead of EVO and Hoffer Q formulas (51.5% and 50.0%, respectively). Finally, Kane, EVO, and Hill-RBF obtained the lowest agreement interval (0.4923, 0.5815, and 0.7740, respectively).

CONCLUSION:

The Kane formula is recommended for intraocular lens power calculation for eyeballs with the AL smaller than 22.0 mm. The EVO formula gives very promising results in regarding the accuracy of intraocular lens power for hyperopic eyes.
Prevalence and contributing factors of neck and low back pain among university students during examination periods: A survey based study at Jazan University
Authors: Akkam Almaha A. , Huzaymi Doaa D. , Qahl Ahmed , Alfaifi Ziyad Y. , Sheereen Fauzia , Ali Taimul , Khan Abdur Raheem , Riyaz Farhana , Kirmani Junaid A. , Shaphe Mohammad A.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Neck and low back pain (LBP) are frequently experienced by university students during examination periods due to prolonged sitting, impaired posture, and increased stress. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence and contributing factors for neck and LBP among students at Jazan University during their examinations.

Methodology:

A survey-based study was conducted on 100 students aged 19–24 years from various academic disciplines. An electronic questionnaire distributed through social media collected data on personal demographics, study habits, pain occurrence, and frequency, intensity, and pain management practices.

Results:

Descriptive statistics summarized the data; results show that female students suffer from neck and LBP more frequently and intensely than male students. The study found that the use of electronic devices, lack of physical activity, poor knowledge of posture, and stress were all significantly related to the prevalence of pain.

Conclusions:

Multifactorial causes of neck and LBP during examination periods require comprehensive strategies involving ergonomic education, stress management, and promoting physical activity among students. Future research should explore longitudinal outcomes and the effectiveness of specific interventions across diverse academic settings.
Primary anorectal malignant melanoma
Authors: Meedimale Santhosh , Goswami Gaurang , Kaur Harleen
Published: August 2024

A 58-year-old female presented with complaints of 6–7 episodes of loose stools per day for the past 2.5 months, occasionally having blood in them. She also had a sensation of a mass inside the anal canal. Whole abdomen magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lesion in the anal canal and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed an anorectal mass and a biopsy was taken. The histopathological report was suggestive of anal canal cancer and immunohistochemistry confirmed it to be malignant melanoma. Positron emission tomography–computed tomography was performed and it revealed multiple metastases. Malignant melanoma in the anal canal is a rare presentation and is usually aggressive with early metastasis as seen in this patient. Treatment modalities for the same range from wide local excision to abdominoperineal resection, along with chemoradiation in advanced cases. Since this is a rare presentation having very poor prognosis, this case is being reported.
Holistic Integrative Medicine Declaration
Authors: Fan Dai-Ming
Published: August 2024

Holistic integrative medicine (HIM) has been officially propounded since 2012. Its theoretical system has continuously been improved, and its practical methods have become increasingly diverse, becoming an inevitable choice and path for medical development in the new era. This article demonstrates ten major propositions for HIM, elaborating on their connotations and extensions from the perspectives of epistemology and methodology, necessary for achieving modern medicine’s transformation and adaptive evolution.
О вложениях в классе частично коммутативных нильпотентных групп
Authors: Evtyagin A L , Roman'kov Vitalii Anatol'evich
Published: August 2024

Представлен алгоритм, определяющий возможность изоморфного вложения одной конечно порожденной частично коммутативной нильпотентной группы ступени $2$ в другую. Показано, как осуществляются такие вложения. Также описан алгоритм, определяющий возможность вложения конечно порожденной частично коммутативной нильпотентной группы произвольной ступени $l$ относительно графа ненулевого радиуса в свободную нильпотентную группу ступени $l$.
Библиография: 9 названий.
Оценка скорости сходимости в принципе локализации Римана для тригонометрических рядов Фурье непрерывных функций
Authors: Semenova Tatyana Yurevna
Published: August 2024

Получена оценка скорости сходимости в утверждении, известном как принцип
локализации Римана для тригонометрических рядов.
Библиография: 6 названий.
Произведения Бляшке и гипотеза Смейла о комплексных полиномах
Authors: Dubinin Vladimir Nikolaevich
Published: August 2024

Рассматривается аналог известной гипотезы Смейла о среднем значении для комплексных полиномов в случае конечных произведений Бляшке.
Библиография: 11 названий.
Квантовые сдвиги аргумента второго порядка в $Ugl_d$
Authors: Ikeda Yasushi
Published: August 2024

Представлена явная формула для квантовых сдвигов аргумента второго порядка для произвольного центрального элемента универсальной обертывающей алгебры общей линейной алгебры Ли. Определены генераторы подалгебры, порожденной квантовыми сдвигами аргумента порядка вплоть до второго.
Динамические свойства системы диффузионно связанных дифференциальных уравнений с дополнительной внутренней связью
Authors: Ivanovskiy Leonid Igorevich
Published: August 2024

Исследуется динамика одной системы дифференциальных уравнений с диффузионным взаимодействием и дополнительной внутренней связью. Актуальность исследований такой системы обусловлена тем, что незначительное изменение коэффициента дополнительной связи позволяет получить сложные сценарии фазовых перестроек. Для рассматриваемой системы найдены критические зависимости параметров, при которых нулевое состояние равновесия теряет устойчивость с появлением двух пространственно неоднородных состояний в одном случае и цикла - в другом. При значениях параметров, близких к критическим, получены асимптотические формулы для режимов, ответвляющихся от нулевого решения.
Асимптотика решений задачи Коши для одного сингулярно возмущенного дифференциально-операторного уравнения переноса
Authors: Nesterov Andrei Vladimirovich
Published: August 2024

Рассматриваются сингулярно возмущенные дифференциально-операторные уравнения переноса специального вида в случае, когда оператор переноса действует по пространственно-временны́м переменным, по дополнительной переменной действует линейный оператор, описывающий взаимодействие, "перемешивание" решения по указанной переменной. Строится формальное асимптотическое разложение решения задачи Коши для сингулярно возмущенного дифференциально-операторного уравнения переноса с малыми нелинейностью и диффузией в случае многих пространственных переменных. При принятых на данные задачи условиях главный член асимптотики описывается квазилинейным параболическим уравнением. При выполнении ряда условий приведена оценка остаточного члена по невязке.