bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Optically and Thermally Switchable Electronic Structure Based on an Anthracene–BODIPY Conjugate
Authors: Aotake Tatsuya , Suzuki Mitsuharu , Tahara Kazuaki , Kuzuhara Daiki , Aratani Naoki , Tamai Naoto , Yamada Hiroko
Published: February 2015

An optically and thermally responsive boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dye, namely, meso‐2‐(9,10‐dihydro‐9,10‐ethanoanthracene‐11,12‐dione) (DK)‐linked, bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene (BCOD)‐fused BODIPY (BCOD‐DK), was synthesized. The weakly luminous structure of BCOD‐DK can be changed quantitatively to that of the strongly fluorescent BODIPY BCOD‐Ant by optical excitation at the DK unit, which induces double decarbonylation of the DK unit to give an anthracene unit. The solvent effect on the fluorescence properties of BCOD‐DK suggests that the dramatic change in fluorescence intensity is controlled by intramolecular electron transfer from the BODIPY moiety to the meso‐DK substituent. BCOD‐DK is converted to meso‐DK benzene‐fused BODIPY (Benzo‐DK) by heating at 220 °C with 64–70 nm redshift of absorption and fluorescence peaks without changing the fluorescence quantum yield of ΦF=0.08 in dichloromethane. Benzo‐DK can be converted to strongly fluorescent meso‐anthracene benzene‐fused BODIPY Benzo‐Ant by optical excitation. Thus, BCOD‐DK can show four different optical performances simply by irradiation and heating, and hence may be applicable for optical data storage and security data encryption.
From Spherical to Leaf‐Like Morphologies: Tunable Supramolecular Assembly of Alkynylgold(I) Complexes through Variations of the Alkyl Chain Length
Authors: Hong Eugene Yau‐Hin , Wong Hok‐Lai , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah
Published: February 2015

A series of luminescent polynuclear alkynylgold(I) complexes with different lengths of alkyl chains attached at the N‐heterocyclic carbene moieties has been synthesised and demonstrated to display intriguing self‐assembly behaviours through a cooperative growth mechanism. Variation of the alkyl chain length was found to cause drastic morphological differences in the aggregates and to strongly affect the thermodynamic parameters as revealed by the nucleation–elongation model.
ChemInform Abstract: Anomalous Eu Valence State and Superconductivity in Undoped Eu3Bi2S4F4.
Authors: Cao Guang‐Han , et al. et al.
Published: February 2015

The novel title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of EuS, EuF2, and Bi2S3 (evacuated quartz ampule, 1123 K, 35 h).
ChemInform Abstract: New Mixed‐Ligand Cyanohydroxo Octahedral Cluster Complex trans‐[Re6S8(CN)2(OH)4] 4‐, Its Luminescence Properties and Chemical Reactivity.
Authors: Mironov Yuri V. , Brylev Konstantin A. , Smolentsev Anton I. , Ermolaev Andrey V. , Kitamura Nobory , Fedorov Vladimir E.
Published: February 2015

Trans‐[Re6S8(CN)2(OH)4] 4‐ as mixed Cs/K salt is prepared by ligand exchange of a boiling aqueous K4 [Re6S8(OH)6]·8H2O solution in presence of excess KCN followed by addition of CsOH.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Layerlike Supramolecular Assemblies Based on B‐Anderson‐Type Polyanionic Clusters and Their Adsorption Property.
Authors: Yan Jinshuang , Gong Kaining , Xue Xiaolong , He Xueli , Zhao Chuan , Han Zhangang , Yu Haitao
Published: February 2015

The two layerlike supramolecular assemblies (IV) and (V) crystallize in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ with Z = 2 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular [3 + 2] Annulation of Cyclopropylanilines with Alkynes, Enynes, and Diynes via Visible Light Photocatalysis.
Authors: Nguyen Theresa H. , Morris Scott A. , Zheng Nan
Published: February 2015

A one‐step synthesis of cyclopentenes and analogous cyclopentanes such as (XIII) is developed by photolytic [3 + 2] annulation of N‐cyclopropylanilines with alkynes and related alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Various Nitrogen Heterocycles as Antimicrobial Surface Agents.
Authors: El‐Sayed Refat , Asghar Basim H.
Published: February 2015

A variety of novel thiazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, and triazole derivatives are synthesized starting from valuable and inexpensive stearic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrido[2′,3′: 3,4]pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine, Pyrido[2′,3′:3,4]pyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]triazine, and Pyrazolyl Oxadiazolylthieno[2,3‐b]pyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Rateb Nora M.
Published: February 2015

Convenient methods for the synthesis of the title heterocycles and related heterocyclic systems starting from aminopyrazolopyridine and ‐thienopyridine derivatives, resp., are given.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols Using 1,2‐Di(1‐naphthyl)‐1,2‐ethanediamine (NEDA).
Authors: Al‐Hunaiti Afnan , Raeisaenen Minna , Pihko Petri , Leskelae Markku , Repo Timo
Published: February 2015

Secondary alcohols, even sterically hindered ones, are selectively oxidized by using tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant and 1,2‐di(1‐naphthyl)‐1,2‐ethylenediamine as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Calcium‐Mediated Stereoselective Reduction of α,β‐Epoxy Ketones.
Authors: Forkel Nina V. , Henderson David A. , Fuchter Matthew J.
Published: February 2015

The method is expanded to the diastereoselective reduction of the aziridinyl ketone (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Ferrocenyl‐Based P,N Catalysts for the Mono‐α‐Arylation of Acetone.
Authors: Gaebler Christian , Korb Marcus , Schaarschmidt Dieter , Hildebrandt Alexander , Lang Heinrich
Published: February 2015

High yields are obtained for the mono‐α‐arylation of acetone at low palladium catalyst loadings (0.5 mol%).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Inert C—C and C—N Bond Cleavage: A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Tertiary Amides.
Authors: Chen Xiuling , Chen Tieqiao , Li Qiang , Zhou Yongbo , Han Li‐Biao , Yin Shuang‐Feng
Published: February 2015

Molecular oxygen at atmospherical pressure is used as the sole oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Propargylic Alkylation of Propargylic Esters with β‐Keto Acids.
Authors: Zhu Fu‐Lin , Wang Ya‐Hui , Zhang De‐Yang , Hu Xin‐Hu , Chen Song , Hou Chuan‐Jin , Xu Jie , Hu Xiang‐Ping
Published: February 2015

The optimized mild reaction conditions including the chiral ligand allow the synthesis of β‐ethynyl ketones in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition Studies on Complex Tetronic Acid Esters Related to the Synthesis of Cembranoid Diterpenes.
Authors: Weixler Roland , Bach Thorsten
Published: February 2015

The synthesis of twelve differently substituted tetronates such as (I), (III), and (V) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Angularly Annulated Spirocyclics via Enyne Metathesis and the Diels—Alder Reaction as Key Steps.
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Ali Rashid , Tiwari Arti
Published: February 2015

Treatment of the diene (XVII) with dienophiles does not afford Diels‐Alder products.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzenesulfonyl Chlorides: Alternative Coupling Partners for Regiocontrolled Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Desulfitative 5‐Arylation of Furans.
Authors: Beladhria Anissa , Yuan Kedong , Ben Ammar Hamed , Soule Jean‐Francois , Ben Salem Ridha , Doucet Henri
Published: February 2015

Arylsulfonyl chlorides equipped with electron‐donating substituents such as 4‐methoxyphenyl or 2‐methylphenyl do not couple with 2‐butylfuran.
ChemInform Abstract: Aza‐[4 + 3] and Aza‐[3 + 2] Annulations for Synthesis of Dihydroazepines and Dihydropyrroles from Alkynes, Sulfonyl Azides, and 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Kim Sanghyuck , Mo Juntae , Kim Jaeeun , Ryu Taekyu , Lee Phil Ho
Published: February 2015

The reaction of triazole (I) with dienes (II) and (VI) in the presence of rhodium(II) octanoate as catalyst leads to dihydropyrroles (III) and (VII), resp., whilst the Rh2((S)‐PTAD)4‐catalyzed reaction affords dihydroazepines (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective [3 + 2] Coupling of Indoles with Quinone Monoimines Promoted by a Chiral Phosphoric Acid.
Authors: Liao Lihua , Shu Chang , Zhang Minmin , Liao Yijun , Hu Xiaoyan , Zhang Yonghong , Wu Zhijun , Yuan Weicheng , Zhang Xiaomei
Published: February 2015

The title reaction is screened for optimal conditions including the BINOL‐derived phosphoric acid catalyst to yield a variety of benzofuroindolines with generally excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thieno[3,4‐b]pyrrole Derivatives Based on the Reaction of 1‐Methyl‐2‐nitromethylenepyrrolidine with Isothiocyanates.
Authors: Shvidenko Konstantin , Nazarenko Kostiantyn , Shvidenko Tatyana , Vlasenko Yurii , Kostyuk Aleksandr
Published: February 2015

The reaction performs well with aryl isothiocyanates (II) while in the case of cycloalkyl isothiocyanates (VI) cyclization does not occur.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Novel Benzofuranyl Benzimidazole Derivatives.
Authors: Soodamani Venugopal , Patel Divyesh , Nayakanti Devanna , Josyula Ramanatham
Published: February 2015

The method for the synthesis of the title compounds involves the Sonogashira reaction of benzimidazole (I) with various terminal alkynes followed by iodo‐cyclization and further functionalization via palladium‐mediated carbon‐carbon bond formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal and Base Free Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐2‐oxazolines from Aldehydes and β‐Amino Alcohols Catalyzed by Potassium Iodide.
Authors: Uma Maheswari C. , Sathish Kumar G. , Venkateshwar M.
Published: February 2015

Using the aliphatic aldehyde as butyraldehyde decreases the reaction yield considerably.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Trisubstituted Oxazolidinones by the Thiourea‐Catalyzed Aldol Reaction of 2‐Isocyanatomalonate Diester.
Authors: Sakamoto Shota , Kazumi Naoya , Kobayashi Yusuke , Tsukano Chihiro , Takemoto Yoshiji
Published: February 2015

The synthetic utility of this new asymmetric aldol reaction is demonstrated in the total synthesis of the immunosuppressant Mycestericin C from (VIId).
ChemInform Abstract: An Environmentally Benign Water Promoted Catalyst Free Highly Efficient, One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Imino‐4‐thiazolidinone.
Authors: Kosurkar Umesh B. , Dadmal Tulshiram L. , Kumbhare Ravindra M. , Sridhar Balasubramanian
Published: February 2015

15 Title compounds of type (IV) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyethylene Glycol Mediated, One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthetic Protocol for Novel 3‐[3‐Substituted‐5‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl] ‐spiro‐(indan‐1′,2‐thiazolidin)‐4‐ones (IV) as New Class of Potential Antimicrobial and Antitubercular Agents.
Authors: Pandey Sarvesh Kumar , Ahamd Akeel , Pandey O. P. , Nizamuddin Khan
Published: February 2015

All the compounds (IV) show moderate to strong antibacterial and antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Multistep Flow Synthesis of 5‐Amino‐2‐aryl‐2H‐[1,2,3]‐triazole‐4‐carbonitriles.
Authors: Jacq Jerome , Pasau Patrick
Published: February 2015

Title compounds (VI) are obtained in an automated three‐step synthesis under continuous‐flow conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis and Through‐Space 13C—19F Spin—Spin Coupling NMR of New Tetracyclic 3‐(Trifluoromethyl)‐spiro(chromen[4,3‐c]pyrazole‐4,1′‐cycloalkanes).
Authors: Bonacorso Helio G. , Garcia Fabio D. , Belo Chaiene R. , Tier Aniele Z. , Frizzo Clarissa P. , Martins Marcos A. P. , Zanatta Nilo
Published: February 2015

Reaction of trifluoroacetylated Kabbe adducts (IV) with phenylhydrazine or methylhydrazine proceeds with apposite regioselectivity furnishing chromenopyrazoles (VI) or (VIII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Reactions of 3‐Vinylchromone Leading to Different Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: El‐Desoky S. I. , Abozeid M. A. , Kandeel E. A. , Abdel‐Rahman A. H.
Published: February 2015

Simple, efficient, and catalyst‐free syntheses of different heterocyclic systems incorporating chromone or related scaffolds are described using cascade reactions of 3‐vinylchromone (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Route to 6‐Substituted Piperidin‐3‐ols via Domino Cyclization of 2‐Hydroxy‐6‐phosphinyl‐5‐hexenyl Tosylates with Primary Amines: Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Pseudoconhydrine (V) and (.+‐.)‐epi‐Pseudoconhydrine (VI).
Authors: Scherner Cathrin , Ergueden Jens‐Kerim , Adiwidjaja Gunadi , Schaumann Ernst
Published: February 2015

Products (III) and (IV) are isolated as separate isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Activation/Annulation with Vinyl Esters as an Acetylene Equivalent.
Authors: Webb Nicola J. , Marsden Stephen P. , Raw Steven A.
Published: February 2015

N‐(pivaloyloxy)‐benzamides and heteroarylamides react with vinyl acetate to the respective benzo‐, thieno‐, furano‐, pyrrolo‐, or quinolino‐pyridinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Benzamides with Arynes: Application to the Synthesis of Phenaglydon and N‐Methylcrinasiadine.
Authors: Pimparkar Sandeep , Jeganmohan Masilamani
Published: February 2015

A series of tricyclic phenanthridinones (III) and (VI) is prepared by a Pd‐catalyzed cyclization of benzamides with aryne precursors (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Reactions for Facile Access to Coumarin‐Fused Dihydroquinolines and Quinolines: Synthesis and Photophysical Studies.
Authors: Khan Md. Nasim , Pal Suman , Karamthulla Shaik , Choudhury Lokman H.
Published: February 2015

The dihydroquinoline derivatives are more fluorescent than the corresponding quinoline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Optically Pure 3‐Aryl‐6‐methyl‐2‐thioxotetrahydropyrimidin‐4(1H)‐ones as anti‐Prostate Cancer Agents.
Authors: Kumar Varun , Rachamalla Mahesh , Nandekar Prajwal , Khatik Gopal L. , Sangamwar Abhay T. , Tikoo Kulbhushan , Nair Vipin A.
Published: February 2015

Both of the title 6‐methyl‐2‐thioxopyrimidinones (VII) are synthesized via condensation of appropriate chiral aminobutanoates (IV) with aryl isothiocyanates (V) as the key step.The compounds are screened in vitro against prostate cancer cell lines, PC‐3 and LNCaP.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Thymine‐β‐lactam Hybrids and Evaluation of Their Antitumor Activity.
Authors: Piens Nicola , De Vreese Rob , De Neve Nympha , Van Hecke Kristof , Balzarini Jan , De Kimpe Norbert , D'hooghe Matthias
Published: February 2015

Compounds (IIIf) and (IVf) are separated on an analytical scale allowing the structure elucidation of (IVf) by X‐ray analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective One‐Pot Construction of Trisubstituted Tetrahydro‐β‐carboline‐Fused Diketopiperazines: A Synthetic Route Towards Cialis Analogues.
Authors: Jida Mouhamad , Tourwe Dirk , Ballet Steven
Published: February 2015

The one‐pot multi‐step reaction proceeds with excellent diastereoselectivity and applies the Ugi four‐component condensation, Boc‐deprotection, Pictet—Spengler reaction, and final lactamization.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous Hydrofluoric Acid Catalyzed Facile Synthesis of 2,3,6‐Substituted Quinoxalines.
Authors: Chandra Shekhar A. , Ravi Kumar A. , Sathaiah G. , Raju K. , Srinivas P. V. S. S. , Shanthan Rao P. , Narsaiah B.
Published: February 2015

The title compounds are efficiently and conveniently obtained by reaction of diamines with 1,2‐dicarbonyl compounds using aqueous HF as catalyst and solvent under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Polysubstituted (2SR,4RS)‐2‐Heteroaryltetrahydro‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepines and cis‐2‐Heteroaryl‐4‐hydroxytetrahydro‐1H‐1‐benzazepines as Antiparasitic Agents.
Authors: Blanco Maria C. , Escobar Patricia , Leal Sandra M. , Bahsas Ali , Cobo Justo , Nogueras Manuel , Palma Alirio
Published: February 2015

Many of the new compounds (II), (III), (V), and (VI), synthesized via an intramolecular 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones derived from O‐allyl‐N‐hetarylmethylanilines (I) or (IV), inhibit significantly the growth of extracellular forms of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum parasites without showing cytotoxicity on Vero and HTP‐1 cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Old Selenium Heterocycles Revisited: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Structural Characterization of N‐Acyl‐1,3‐selenazol‐2(3H)‐imines and 5‐Acyl‐1,3‐selenazol‐2‐amines from Acylselenourea Derivatives.
Authors: Mohr Fabian
Published: February 2015

Reaction of 1‐acyl‐3‐arylselenoureas (I) with phenacyl bromides provides access to selenazol‐imines (III), whereas the analogous reaction of 3,3‐disubstituted 1‐acylselenoureas (IV) affords 5‐acylselenazol‐2‐amines (V).
ChemInform Abstract: 6,7‐Seco‐ent‐Kaurane‐Type Diterpenoids from Isodon eriocalyx var. laxiflora.
Authors: Wang Wei‐Guang , Yan Bing‐Chao , Li Xiao‐Nian , Du Xue , Wu Hai‐Yan , Zhan Rui , Li Yan , Pu Jian‐Xin , Sun Han‐Dong
Published: February 2015

The isolation, structure elucidation and bioevaluation of twenty nine 6,7‐seco‐ent‐kaurane‐type diterpenoids including 18 new ones, laxiflorolides C‐T [structure examples (I)‐(V)] is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Proposed Structure of Xylogiblactone B by Chiron Approach.
Authors: Krishna Palakodety Radha , Kunde Ramesh , Nomula Rajesh , Ramakrishna Kallaganti V. S.
Published: February 2015

Mismatch of the analytic data of (I) with the natural product demands structural revision of the latter.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Aspects of Modern and Future Permanent Magnets
Authors: McCallum R. W. , Lewis L. H. , Skomski R. , Kramer M. J. , Anderson I. E.
Published: February 2015

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Etherification of Unactivated C—H Bonds
Authors: Liu Bin , Shi Bing‐Feng
Published: February 2015

Review: [39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Olefin Metathesis‐application in the Synthesis of Natural Products and Related Organic Compounds
Authors: Bose S. , Ghosh S.
Published: February 2015

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Prenylated Acylphloroglucinols and Meroterpenoids from Hypericum Plants
Authors: Kobayashi Jun'ichi , Tanaka Naonobu
Published: February 2015

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Light Absorption Spectral Patterns of Intact Garden Flowers in Relation to the Flower Colors and Anthocyanin Pigments
Authors: Tatsuzawa Fumi , Honda Toshio , Saito Norio
Published: February 2015

Review: 144 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cucurbituril‐Based Supramolecular Engineered Nanostructured Materials
Authors: Guerbuez Sinem , Idris Muazzam , Tuncel Doenues
Published: February 2015

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneously Catalyzed Strategies for the Deconstruction of High Density Polyethylene: Plastic Waste Valorization to Fuels
Authors: Burange Anand S. , Gawande Manoj B. , Lam Frank L. Y. , Jayaram Radha V. , Luque Rafael
Published: February 2015

Review: [117 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Fused Polycyclic Six‐Membered N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Kaur Navjeet
Published: February 2015

Review: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleic Acid Aptamer‐Mediated Drug Delivery for Targeted Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhu Huijie , Li Jin , Zhang Xiao‐Bing , Ye Mao , Tan Weihong
Published: February 2015

Review: [52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescent Lanthanide Coordination Polymers for Photonic Applications
Authors: Hasegawa Y. , Nakanishi T.
Published: February 2015

Review: characteristic structures, photophysical properties and diverse photonic applications; 140 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Oxidation of Biorefinery Lignin to Value‐Added Chemicals to Support Sustainable Biofuel Production
Authors: Ma Ruoshui , Xu Yan , Zhang Xiao
Published: February 2015

Review: [153 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From a Historic Review to Horizons Beyond: Lithium—Sulfur Batteries Run on the Wheels
Authors: Chen Renjie , Zhao Teng , Wu Feng
Published: February 2015

Review: [108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Calixarenes and Calix[4]resorcinarenes as Chiral NMR Solvating Agents
Authors: Wenzel Thomas J.
Published: February 2015

Review: 51 refs.
Reference values of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Spiritual Well‐Being: A report from the American Cancer Society's studies of cancer survivors
Authors: Munoz Alexis R. , Salsman John M. , Stein Kevin D. , Cella David
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND

Health‐related quality of life measures are common in oncology research, trials, and practice. Spiritual well‐being has emerged as an important aspect of health‐related quality of life and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Spiritual Well‐Being; The 12‐item Spiritual Well‐Being Scale (FACIT‐Sp‐12) is the most widely used measure of spiritual well‐being among those with cancer. However, there is an absence of reference values with which to facilitate the interpretation of scores in research and clinical practice. The objective of the current study was to provide FACIT‐Sp‐12 reference values from a representative sample of adult cancer survivors.

METHODS

As part of the American Cancer Society's Study of Cancer Survivors‐II, a national cross‐sectional study of cancer survivors (8864 survivors) completed questionnaires assessing demographic characteristics, clinical information, and the FACIT‐Sp‐12. Scores were calculated and summarized by FACIT‐Sp‐12 subscale and total scores across age, sex, race/ethnicity, time after treatment, and cancer type.

RESULTS

Student t tests for independent samples found that women reported significantly higher FACIT‐Sp‐12 scores (P<.001). Analyses of variance found significant main effects for FACIT‐Sp‐12 scores by age (P<.01), race/ethnicity (P<.05), and cancer type (P<.001). Post hoc comparisons revealed that older adults (those aged 60‐69 years and 70‐79 years) and black non‐Hispanic individuals reported the highest FACIT‐Sp‐12 scores compared with those aged 18 to 39 years (P<.05; Cohen d [an effect size used to indicate the standardized difference between 2 means], 0.20‐0.50) and white non‐Hispanic individuals (P<.05; Cohen d, 0.02‐0.62), respectively. All other significant main effects were small in magnitude (effect size range, 0.001‐0.032).

CONCLUSIONS

These data will aid in the interpretation of the magnitude and meaning of FACIT‐Sp‐12 scores, and allow for comparisons of scores across studies. Cancer 2015;121:1838–1844. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Blood–brain barrier: An impediment to neuropharmaceuticals
Authors: Henderson JT , Piquette‐Miller M
Published: February 2015

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) serves as a highly selective barrier separating the central nervous system from the systemic circulation. Although contributing to neurological health, the BBB restricts the ability of drugs to reach their site of action and thus presents a major challenge to the treatment of neurological disorders. Advances in our understanding of the complexity of the BBB have fostered development of novel pharmacometric models and drug delivery strategies to better predict and improve therapeutic access.
Calculating output impedance in linear networks without source nulling or load disconnect: the instantaneous output impedance
Authors: Elwakil A. S. , Maundy B. J.
Published: February 2015

This paper derives exact expressions for the output impedance of a voltage‐excited (current‐excited) linear network without having to nullify (kill) the exciting source or disconnect the load. The derived expressions show that the instantaneous output impedance is both source and load dependent, but when the source is nullified, the output impedance becomes independent of the load, as expected. For some special networks, the output impedance is also independent of the load. The expressions are verified for a number of known circuit setups and experimentally on a gyrator‐based linear network, which has an output impedance that can switch between positive and negative values. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distance measures and optimization spaces in quantitative fatty acid signature analysis
Authors: Bromaghin Jeffrey F. , Rode Karyn D. , Budge Suzanne M. , Thiemann Gregory W.
Published: February 2015

Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis has become an important method of diet estimation in ecology, especially marine ecology. Controlled feeding trials to validate the method and estimate the calibration coefficients necessary to account for differential metabolism of individual fatty acids have been conducted with several species from diverse taxa. However, research into potential refinements of the estimation method has been limited. We compared the performance of the original method of estimating diet composition with that of five variants based on different combinations of distance measures and calibration‐coefficient transformations between prey and predator fatty acid signature spaces. Fatty acid signatures of pseudopredators were constructed using known diet mixtures of two prey data sets previously used to estimate the diets of polar bears Ursus maritimus and gray seals Halichoerus grypus, and their diets were then estimated using all six variants. In addition, previously published diets of Chukchi Sea polar bears were re‐estimated using all six methods. Our findings reveal that the selection of an estimation method can meaningfully influence estimates of diet composition. Among the pseudopredator results, which allowed evaluation of bias and precision, differences in estimator performance were rarely large, and no one estimator was universally preferred, although estimators based on the Aitchison distance measure tended to have modestly superior properties compared to estimators based on the Kullback–Leibler distance measure. However, greater differences were observed among estimated polar bear diets, most likely due to differential estimator sensitivity to assumption violations. Our results, particularly the polar bear example, suggest that additional research into estimator performance and model diagnostics is warranted.
Impaired anticipatory postural adjustments due to experimental infrapatellar fat pad pain
Authors: Shiozawa S. , Hirata R.P. , Jeppesen J.B. , Graven‐Nielsen T.
Published: February 2015

Background

Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) are motor responses generated to stabilize balance prior to voluntary movement. This study investigated how infrapatellar fat pad pain induces reorganization of APAs during reaction time tasks. It has been hypothesized that knee pain may cause insufficient APAs, thereby impairing the balance.

Methods

While standing, 12 healthy men performed two reaction time tasks (shoulder flexion of the dominant side and bilateral heel lift, respectively) before, during and after experimental infrapatellar fat pad pain induced in the dominant side by injections of hypertonic saline. Isotonic saline was injected as control. The reaction time task performance was assessed by peak angle and peak angular velocity. Timing and intensity of the postural muscle activity were recorded by surface electromyography.

Results

The reaction time task performance was not significantly affected by experimental pain. The onset of muscle activity in vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and tibialis anterior muscles on the dominant side during the bilateral heel lift task was significantly delayed during pain, and their muscle activity was reduced when compared with non‐painful sessions (p < 0.05). The contralateral vasti muscles demonstrated early onset during pain compared with the non‐painful session of the same task (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that knee pain reorganizes the APAs which may destabilize the balance control. The knee pain‐related reorganization of postural muscle activity during APA may be a part of the central modulation to maintain posture and protect the painful limb while preserving the reaction task movement performance.
Efficient information for recognizing pain in facial expressions
Authors: Roy C. , Blais C. , Fiset D. , Rainville P. , Gosselin F.
Published: February 2015

Background

The face as a visual stimulus is a reliable source of information for judging the pain experienced by others. Until now, most studies investigating the facial expression of pain have used a descriptive method (i.e. Facial Action Coding System). However, the facial features that are relevant for the observer in the identification of the expression of pain remain largely unknown despite the strong medical impact that misjudging pain can have on patients’ well‐being.

Methods

Here, we investigated this question by applying the Bubbles method. Fifty healthy volunteers were asked to categorize facial expressions (the six basic emotions, pain and neutrality) displayed in stimuli obtained from a previously validated set and presented for 500 ms each. To determine the critical areas of the face used in this categorization task, the faces were partly masked based on random sampling of regions of the stimuli at different spatial frequency ranges.

Results

Results show that accurate pain discrimination relies mostly on the frown lines and the mouth. Finally, an ideal observer analysis indicated that the use of the frown lines in human observers could not be attributed to the objective ‘informativeness’ of this area.

Conclusions

Based on a recent study suggesting that this area codes for the affective dimension of pain, we propose that the visual system has evolved to focus primarily on the facial cues that signal the aversiveness of pain, consistent with the social role of facial expressions in the communication of potential threats.
Interference mitigation and D2D parameter estimation for distributed‐control D2D underlay systems
Authors: Rim Minjoong , Chae Seungyeob , Kang Chung G.
Published: February 2015

Although centralised‐control schemes for device‐to‐device (D2D) underlay communications can produce satisfactory results by efficiently managing the interference between cellular and D2D transmissions, they can become prohibitively complicated and may require a large amount of feedbacks from devices, because it is important to handle the inter‐cell interference as well as the intra‐cell interference. Such a burden can be alleviated by a distributed‐control mechanism, in which a base station performs the resource management of its cellular devices and each D2D device selects its own resource without a small‐scale control of the cellular network. This paper addresses interference issues in distributed‐control D2D underlay systems and presents an interference mitigation technique based on frequency spreading, in order to meet the target outage probability. This paper also proposes a simple estimation scheme, which can be used for the mode selection and the determination of D2D transmission parameters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing Inclusiveness and Diversity in Teams: How Leader Inclusiveness Affects Performance through Status and Team Identity
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca , Boyle Brendan , Parker Vicki , Giles Michelle , Chiang Vico , Joyce Pauline
Published: February 2015

While there is increasing pressure to work collaboratively in interprofessional teams, health professionals often continue to operate in uni‐professional silos. Leader inclusiveness is directed toward encouraging and valuing the different viewpoints of diverse members within team interactions, and has significant potential to overcome barriers to interprofessional team performance. In order to better understand the influence of leader inclusiveness, we develop and investigate a model of its effect incorporating two mediated pathways. We predict that leader inclusiveness enhances interprofessional team performance through an increase in shared team identity and a reduction in perceived status differences, and we argue that the latter pathway is contingent on professional diversity. Data from 346 members of 75 teams support our model, with team identity and perceived status differences mediating a significant effect of leader inclusiveness on performance. In addition, we found support for the moderating role of professional diversity. The results reinforce the critical role of leader inclusiveness in diverse teams, particularly interprofessional teams, and suggest that social identity and perceived status differences are critical factors mediating its impact on performance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple Disadvantage and Wage Growth: The Effect of Merit Pay on Pay Gaps
Authors: Woodhams Carol , Lupton Ben , Perkins Graham , Cowling Marc
Published: February 2015

This article concerns rates of wage growth among women and minority groups and their impact on pay gaps. Specifically, it focuses on the pay progression of people with more than one disadvantaged identity, and on the impact of merit pay. Recent research indicates that pay gaps for people in more than one disadvantaged identity category are wider than those with a single‐disadvantaged identity. It is not known whether these gaps are closing, at what rate, and whether all groups are affected equally; nor is it known whether merit pay alleviates or exacerbates existing pay gaps. In addressing these issues, the analysis draws on longitudinal payroll data from a large UK‐based organization. Results show that pay gaps are closing; however, the rate of convergence is slow relative to the size of existing pay disparities, and slowest of all for people with disabilities. When the effect of merit pay is isolated, it is found to have a small positive effect in reducing pay gaps, and this effect is generally larger for dual/multiple‐disadvantaged groups. These findings run counter to the well‐established critique of merit pay in relation to equality outcomes. The implications of this are discussed, and an agenda for research and practice is set out. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaporation of perennial semi‐arid woodland in southeastern Australia is adapted for irregular but common dry periods
Authors: Meyer W. S. , Kondrlovà E. , Koerber G. R.
Published: February 2015

Measurements of water vapour flux from semi‐arid perennial woodland (mallee) were made for 3 years using eddy covariance instrumentation. There have been no previous long‐term, detailed measures of water use in this ecosystem. Latent energy flux (LE) on a half hourly basis was the measure of the combined soil and plant evaporation, ‘evapotranspiration’ (ELE) of the site. Aggregation over 3 years of the site measured rain (1136 mm) and the estimated evaporation (794 mm) suggests that 342 mm or 30% of rain had moved into or past the root zone of the vegetation. Above average rainfall during 2011 and the first quarter of 2012 (633 mm, 15 months) would likely have been the period during which significant groundwater recharge occurred. At times immediately after rainfall, ELE rates were the same or exceeded estimates of potential E calculated from a suitably parameterized Penman–Monteith (EPMo) equation. Apparent free water E from plant interception and soil evaporation was about 2.3 mm and lasted for 1.3 days following rainfall in summer, while in autumn, E was 5.1 mm that lasted over 5.4 days. The leaf area index (LAI) needed to adjust a wind function calibrated Penman equation (EPMe) to match the ELE values could be back calculated to generate seasonal change in LAI from 0.12 to 0.46 and compared well with normalized difference vegetation index; r = 0.38 and p = 0.0213* and LAI calculated from digital cover photography. The apparently conservative response of perennial vegetation evaporation to available water in these semi‐arid environments reinforces the conclusion that these ecosystems use this mechanism to survive the reasonably common dry periods. Plant response to soil water availability is primarily through gradual changes in leaf area. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pyrrole‐coupled salicylimine‐based fluorescence “turn on” probe for highly selective recognition of Zn2+ ions in mixed aqueous media: Application in living cell imaging
Authors: Bhosale Jitendra , Fegade Umesh , Bondhopadhyay Banashree , Kaur Simanpreet , Singh Narinder , Basu Anupam , Dabur Rajesh , Bendre Ratnamala , Kuwar Anil
Published: February 2015

Cation sensing behaviour of a pyrrole‐based derivative (2‐hydroxyl 3 methyl 6 isopropyl benzaldehyde}‐3,4‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carbohydrazide (receptor 3) has been explored and is found to be selective towards Zn2+ over a variety of tested cations. The receptor 3 has shown high selectivity and sensitivity towards Zn2+ over the other alkali, alkaline earth and transition metal ions. In the presence of Zn2+, absorption band of receptor 3 has shown the red shift. The sensing behaviour has been suggested to continue via enhancement process which has further been supported by UV‐vis absorption and theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicating the formation of a 1:1 complex between the pyrrole based receptor 3 and Zn2+. The present work is presenting a highly selective dual channel colorimetric sensor for zinc with great sensitivity. The developed sensor was successfully applied to image intracellular Zn2+ in living cells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SecG is required for antibiotic activities of Pseudomonas sp. YL23 against Erwinia amylovora and Dickeya chrysanthemi
Authors: Liu Youzhou , Baird Sonya M. , Qiao Junqing , Du Yan , Lu Shi‐En
Published: February 2015

Strain YL23 was isolated from soybean root tips and identified to be Pseudomonas sp. This strain showed broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens that are economically important in agriculture. To characterize the genes dedicated to antibacterial activities against microbial phytopathogens, a Tn5‐mutation library of YL23 was constructed. Plate bioassays revealed that the mutant YL23‐93 lost its antibacterial activities against Erwinia amylovora and Dickeya chrysanthemi as compared with its wild type strain. Genetic and sequencing analyses localized the transposon in a homolog of the secG gene in the mutant YL23‐93. Constitutive expression plasmid pUCP26‐secG was constructed and electroporated into the mutant YL23‐93. Introduction of the plasmid pUCP26‐secG restored antibacterial activities of the mutant YL23‐93 to E. amylovora and D. chrysanthemi. As expected, empty plasmid pUCP26 could not complement the phenotype of the antibacterial activity in the mutant. Thus the secG gene, belonging to the Sec protein translocation system, is required for antibacterial activity of strain YL23 against E. amylovora and D. chrysanthemi.
Response of maize (Zea mays) to the application of foliar fertilizers in the Sudan and Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria
Authors: Jemo Martin , Nwoke Chike , Pypers Pieter , Vanlauwe Bernard
Published: February 2015

Soil fertility problems resulting in low maize yields in smallholder farms are common in the West African moist savanna. The effectiveness of commercial foliar fertilizers in improving maize growth and yield was evaluated in three savanna agro‐ecological zones of Nigeria in two steps. In step one, eight commercial foliar fertilizers were assessed in a greenhouse study with two soil types using maize (Zea mays L. cv. 2004 TZE‐Y POPDT STR C4). The treatments included a control and a reference that received the optimum concentrations of nutrients. In step 2, three promising products from the greenhouse study (Turbotop, Agroleaf General, and Agroleaf high‐P) were evaluated under field conditions to validate the efficacy of products to enhance crop growth and yield. The foliar products were applied at the rate of 5 kg ha−1. The treatments also included three rates of P application (0, 30, and 60 kg P ha−1) as triple super phosphate (TSP) with or without foliar fertilizers. In the greenhouse study, differences in maize shoot dry matter yield and N and P concentrations, attributable to the spraying of the commercial foliar fertilizers, were observed for both soils. Spraying Turbotop, Agroleaf General, and Agroleaf high‐P gave the highest shoot dry biomass and N and P uptake compared to other products. Under field conditions, foliar spraying of Agroleaf high‐P significantly increased the shoot dry biomass of maize compared with the 0 P treatment in all locations. The grain yield of maize ranged from 1 to 4 t ha−1 with significant differences across sites. Products with high concentrations of P and N in their formulation improved maize yield suggesting that appropriate management of P and N resources is a prerequisite for a sustainable maize intensification in the savanna agro‐ecologies.
Self‐Leadership of Male Learner Nurses During a Four‐Year Program at a College in the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Jooste Karien , Mia Shanaaz
Published: February 2015

Self‐leadership is an enabling process during which a male student nurse learns to know himself better. This enriched self‐awareness enables him to steer his work life. Male learners in the nursing profession could face gender‐based challenges during their training that requires self‐leadership. The study described the best experiences of self‐leadership by male learner nurses during their four‐year training programme at a nursing college in the Western Cape Province. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual design, incorporating the philosophy of the Appreciative Inquiry paradigm, was used. Purposive sampling was applied and 12 individual, semi‐structured interviews were conducted. Data analysis indicated that peak experiences occur on multiple levels and include learning from ‘error’. Self‐leadership could be enhanced by support from lecturers and mentors, fellow students, as well as by support in the wards and simulation laboratory.
Examining Higher Education Department Eliminations Through the Lens of Organizational Change
Authors: Smith Brandy D. , Martinez Mario
Published: February 2015

This research examines the reorganization of a college following mandated department eliminations resulting from statewide budget cuts. This focus on leadership, culture, and mission and strategy was undertaken using a qualitative case study methodology. Analysis followed Spradley's () domain, taxonomic, and componential analyses. Results indicate the roles of individuals, leadership, and perceptions were all influential throughout the change process. The article concludes with implications for practice and recommendations for leaders facing the potential of reorganization.
Using Participatory Video to Understand Diversity Among People With Dementia in Long‐Term Care
Authors: Ludwin Katherine , Capstick Andrea
Published: February 2015

Within care organizations, “people with dementia” are often labeled as a homogenous group with little differentiating them from each other. This can mark them out as separate from and less capable than those without dementia. When individuals with dementia are described, understood, and related to in terms of their diagnosis, individuality may get lost. In this article, we seek to unsettle the socially constructed boundary between “people with dementia” and people without dementia. This is explored in the context of fieldwork we undertook as part of a Participatory Video project where we worked alongside people with a dementia diagnosis to co‐create short films about their interests and concerns. In the process of this work, we found that alternative unities emerged between ourselves and people with dementia, as the dementia label faded into the background and the person, with all his or her diverse interests and life experiences, came to the fore. We found ourselves building rapport and making connections with our research participants, a diverse group of individuals whose life experiences, outlooks, and experiences were simultaneously unique to them but also shared in many ways between themselves, and with us. As we spent time with participants in the communal lounge, in the adjoining day center, walking the hallways, out in the garden, or in individual apartments when invited, we found that people shared a wealth of information with us: about how they were feeling, things they liked, things they had done, instances of trauma, as well as some of their happiest times.
Reducing margins of wide local excision in head and neck melanoma for function and cosmesis: 5‐year local recurrence‐free survival
Authors: Rawlani Roshni , Rawlani Vinay , Qureshi Hannan A. , Kim John YS. , Wayne Jeffrey D.
Published: February 2015

Background

The proximity of head and neck (H&N) melanomas to critical anatomical structures requires that surgeons achieve a balance between adequate margins of excision and the functional and cosmetic needs of patients. This study sought to determine the risk associated with reducing margins of wide local excision (WLE) in H&N melanoma and to identify risk factors of recurrence.

Methods

Seventy‐nine cases of primary, invasive H&N melanoma were treated by WLE and followed prospectively for local recurrence. Forty‐two WLEs were performed according to current practice guidelines (1cm for lesions<1.0 mm thick, 1–2 cm for lesions 1.01–2.0 mm thick, and 2 cm for lesions >2.0 mm thick). Reduced margins (0.5 cm for lesions ≤1.0 mm thick, 0.5–1.0 cm for lesions 1.01–2.0 mm thick, and 1.0 cm for lesion >2.0 mm thick) were utilized in 37 cases to preserve critical anatomical structures such as the eyelid, nose, mouth and auricle.

Results

Overall local recurrence rate was 8.9% over a mean follow‐up period of 71.3 months and a minimum of 60 months. Reducing margins of WLE did not increase local recurrence rates as demonstrated by local recurrence‐free survival (90.4% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.806).

Conclusion

Margins of WLE may be safely reduced in melanomas in close proximity to structures of the H&N without affecting local recurrence rates. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:795–799. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparing oncological outcomes of laparoscopic versus open surgery for colon cancer: Analysis of a large prospective clinical database
Authors: Sammour T. , Jones Ian T. , Gibbs P. , Chandra R. , Steel Malcolm C. , Shedda Susan M. , Croxford M. , Faragher I. , Hayes Ian P. , Hastie Ian A.
Published: February 2015

Background

Oncological outcomes of laparoscopic colon cancer surgery have been shown to be equivalent to those of open surgery, but only in the setting of randomized controlled trials on highly selected patients. The aim of this study is to investigate whether this finding is generalizable to real world practice.

Methods

Analysis of prospectively collected data from the BioGrid Australia database was undertaken. Overall and cancer specific survival rates were compared with cox regression analysis controlling for the confounders of age, sex, BMI, ASA score, hospital site, year surgery performed, procedure, tumor stage, and adjuvant chemotherapy.

Results

Between 2003 and 2009, 1,106 patients underwent elective colon cancer resection. There were differences between the laparoscopic and open cohorts in BMI, procedure, post‐operative complication rate, and tumor stage. When baseline confounders were accounted for using cox regression analysis, there was no difference in 5 year overall survival (χ2 test 1.302, P = 0.254), or cancer specific survival (χ2 test 0.028, P = 0.866).

Conclusion

This large prospective clinical study validates previous trial results, and confirms that there is no difference in oncological outcome between laparoscopic and open surgery for colon cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:891–898. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.