bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Limited GADD45α expression and function in IL-1β toxicity towards insulin-producing cells.
Authors: Skalniak Lukasz , Gurgul-Convey Ewa , Okreglicka Katarzyna , Skalniak Anna , Jura Jolanta
Published: February 2019

Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible (GADD) 45 proteins are regulators of cell death and survival. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β strongly increases the level of the transcript encoding GADD45α in rat insulin-producing INS-1E cells. The activation of Gadd45α gene is clearly dependent on JNK and NF-κB activation and the synthesis of the secondary mediator nitric oxide (NO). Interestingly, the observed twelve-fold increase in the GADD45α-coding transcript level is not followed by increased expression of GADD45α at the protein level. An analysis of IL-1β toxicity in INS-1E cells overexpressing GADD45α revealed no correlation between the GADD45α protein level and the sensitivity to IL-1β toxicity. These findings suggest that the potential engagement of GADD45α in IL-1β toxicity towards beta cells is limited to the effects induced by the basal expression level of this protein.
Metformin reduces NAD(P)H oxidase activity in mouse cultured podocytes through purinergic dependent mechanism by increasing extracellular ATP concentration.
Authors: Piwkowska Agnieszka , Rogacka Dorota , Jankowski Maciej , Angielski Stefan
Published: February 2019

Hyperglycemia affects the functioning numbers of podocytes and leads to a gradual decline of renal function. The normalization of glucose level is a principle therapeutic goal in diabetic patients and metformin is a popular hypoglycemic drug used in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin activates AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and decreases NAD(P)H oxidase activity in podocytes leading to reduction of free radical generation. Similar effects are observed after activation of P2 receptors. Therefore, we investigated whether metformin increases extracellular ATP concentration and affects the activities of NAD(P)H oxidase and AMPK through P2 receptors. Experiments were performed on cultured mouse podocytes. NAD(P)H oxidase activity was measured by chemiluminescence and changes in AMPK activity were estimated by immunoblotting against AMPKα-Thr(172)-P. Metformin increased extracellular ATP concentration by reduction of ecto-ATPase activity, decreased NAD(P)H oxidase activity and increased AMPK phosphorylation. A P2 receptor antagonist, suramin (300 µM), prevented metformin action on NAD(P)H oxidase and AMPK phosphorylation. The data suggests a novel mechanism of metformin action, at least in podocytes. Metformin, which increases extracellular ATP concentration leads to activation of P2 receptors and consequent modulation of the podocytes' metabolism through AMPK and NAD(P)H oxidase which, in turn, may affect podocyte functioning.
Adipokines and parameters of peritoneal membrane transport in newly started peritoneal dialysis patients.
Authors: Golembiewska Edyta , Safranow Krzysztof , Ciechanowski Kazimierz , Bober Joanna , Bogacka Anna , Stepniewska Joanna
Published: February 2019

Adiponectin and leptin are two adipokines playing important roles in the regulation of body weight, appetite, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) adipokines accumulate in serum due to reduced renal clearance. Since adipokines have pleiotropic actions, the adipokine balance may have an impact on peritoneal membrane transport. The aim of this study was to assess whether serum adiponectin and leptin levels were related to peritoneal transport and residual renal function (RRF) in newly started peritoneal dialysis patients.
25 clinically stable patients, 4 to 6 weeks after the onset of PD, were included in the study. For each patient clinical and laboratory data were reviewed and standard PET test was performed. Serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations were determined and leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio was calculated.
Serum adiponectin correlated negatively with weight, BMI and glucose concentration. Serum leptin and L/A ratio correlated positively with BMI. Serum adiponectin correlated positively with dialysate to plasma (D/P) creatinine ratio and ultrafiltration in PET test. Serum leptin level and L/A ratio correlated strongly negatively with peritoneal creatinine clearance.
Serum adiponectin concentration is positively associated with baseline solute transport. Leptin concentration and L/A ratio are negatively associated with dialysis adequacy in newly started PD patients.
Characterization of a possible uptake mechanism of selective antibacterial peptides.
Authors: Polanco Carlos , Samaniego José Lino , Castañón-González Jorge Alberto , Buhse Thomas , Sordo Marili Leopold
Published: February 2019

Selective antibacterial peptides containing less than 30 amino acid residues, cationic, with amphipathic properties, have been the subject of several studies due to their active participation and beneficial effects in strengthening the immune system of all living organisms. This manuscript reports the results of a comparison between the group of selective antibacterial peptides and another group called "cell penetrating peptides". An important number of the selective antibacterial peptides are cell penetrating peptides, suggesting that their toxicity is related to their uptake mechanism. The verification of this observation also includes the adaptation of a method previously published, called Polarity index, which reproduces and confirms the action of this new set of peptides. The efficiency of this method was verified based on four different databases, yielding a high score. The verification was based exclusively on the peptides already reported in the databases which have been experimentally verified.
Microarray Inspector: tissue cross contamination detection tool for microarray data.
Authors: Stępniak Piotr , Maycock Matthew , Wojdan Konrad , Markowska Monika , Perun Serhiy , Srivastava Aashish , Wyrwicz Lucjan S , Świrski Konrad
Published: February 2019

Microarray technology changed the landscape of contemporary life sciences by providing vast amounts of expression data. Researchers are building up repositories of experiment results with various conditions and samples which serve the scientific community as a precious resource. Ensuring that the sample is of high quality is of utmost importance to this effort. The task is complicated by the fact that in many cases datasets lack information concerning pre-experimental quality assessment. Transcription profiling of tissue samples may be invalidated by an error caused by heterogeneity of the material. The risk of tissue cross contamination is especially high in oncological studies, where it is often difficult to extract the sample. Therefore, there is a need of developing a method detecting tissue contamination in a post-experimental phase. We propose Microarray Inspector: customizable, user-friendly software that enables easy detection of samples containing mixed tissue types. The advantage of the tool is that it uses raw expression data files and analyses each array independently. In addition, the system allows the user to adjust the criteria of the analysis to conform to individual needs and research requirements. The final output of the program contains comfortable to read reports about tissue contamination assessment with detailed information about the test parameters and results. Microarray Inspector provides a list of contaminant biomarkers needed in the analysis of adipose tissue contamination. Using real data (datasets from public repositories) and our tool, we confirmed high specificity of the software in detecting contamination. The results indicated the presence of adipose tissue admixture in a range from approximately 4% to 13% in several tested surgical samples.
Comparing the rate of growth and metabolic efficiency of yeast experiencing environmental stress or genetic damage.
Authors: Sendra Kacper , Jakubowska Agata , Korona Ryszard
Published: February 2019

Physical stresses, toxic substances, and mutations can cause marked decline in the rate of growth (RG). We report that the efficiency of growth (EG), i.e. converting glucose into biomass, responds less profoundly. It remains nearly unaffected for some physical and chemical stresses, but decreases substantially for others, specifically those affecting membrane integrity or ion homeostasis. Mutations (gene deletions) can heavily reduce RG, but much less EG. Moreover, there is no apparent relation between the function of deleted gene and EG. Generally, assays of EG appear as more laborious, less precise, and less informative than those of RG.
The citric acid-modified, enzyme-resistant dextrin from potato starch as a potential prebiotic.
Authors: Sliżewska Katarzyna
Published: February 2019

In the present study, enzyme-resistant dextrin, prepared by heating of potato starch in the presence of hydrochloric (0.1% dsb) and citric (0.1% dsb) acid at 130ºC for 3 h (CA-dextrin), was tested as a source of carbon for probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria cultured with intestinal bacteria isolated from feces of three healthy 70-year old volunteers. The dynamics of growth of bacterial monocultures in broth containing citric acid (CA)-modified dextrin were estimated. It was also investigated whether lactobacilli and bifidobacteria cultured with intestinal bacteria in the presence of resistant dextrin would be able to dominate the intestinal isolates. Prebiotic fermentation of resistant dextrin was analyzed using prebiotic index (PI). In co-cultures of intestinal and probiotic bacteria, the environment was found to be dominated by the probiotic strains of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, which is a beneficial effect.
Transforming growth factor β1 protein and mRNA levels in inflammatory bowel diseases: towards solving the contradictions by longitudinal assessment of the protein and mRNA amounts.
Authors: Liberek Anna , Kmieć Zbigniew , Wierzbicki Piotr M , Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka Joanna , Liberek Tomasz , Łuczak Grażyna , Plata-Nazar Katarzyna , Słomińska-Frączek Magdalena , Kaszubowska Lucyna , Gabig-Cimińska Magdalena , Węgrzyn Alicja
Published: February 2019

Previously published studies on levels of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) protein and mRNA of the corresponding gene in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) gave varying results, leading to contradictory conclusions. To solve the contradictions, we aimed to assess longitudinally TGF-β1 protein and mRNA levels at different stages of the disease in children suffering from IBD. The study group consisted of 19 pediatric patients with IBD at the age between 3.5 and 18.4 years. The control group consisted of 42 children aged between 2.0 and 18.0 years. The plasma TGF-β1 concentration was measured with ELISA. mRNA levels of the TGF-β1 gene isolated from samples of the intestinal tissue were assessed by reverse transcription and real-time PCR. Levels of TGF-β1 protein in plasma and corresponding mRNA in intestinal tissue were significantly higher in IBD patients than in controls. TGF-β1 and corresponding transcripts were also more abundant in plasma and intestinal tissue, respectively, in patients at the active stage of the disease than during remission. In every single IBD patient, plasma TGF-β1 level and mRNA level in intestinal tissue was higher at the active stage of the disease than during remission. Levels of TGF-β1 and corresponding mRNA are elevated during the active stage of IBD but not during the remission. Longitudinal assessment of this cytokine in a single patient may help to monitor the clinical course of IBD.
Comparative study of metal induced phospholipid modifications in the heavy metal tolerant filamentous fungus Paecilomyces marquandii and implications for the fungal membrane integrity.
Authors: Słaba Mirosława , Bernat Przemysław , Różalska Sylwia , Nykiel Justyna , Długoński Jerzy
Published: February 2019

In this work we compared the effect of five heavy metals: Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni and Cu on phospholipid composition of the ubiquitous soil fungus Paecilomyces marquandii, originating from a strongly metal polluted area and characterized by high tolerance to these elements. Cd, Ni and Cu caused an increase in phosphatidylcholine (PC). Only Pb decreased PC content, which was accompanied by a significant rise in the phosphatidic acids (PA) level, probably due to activation of phospholipase D which hydrolyzes PC to PA. This could result in membrane fluidity disturbance, and thus affect its integrity. The assessment of propidium iodide influx showed strong disturbance of membrane integrity for Cu and Pb stressed mycelia, whereas mycelia treated with Ni were impermeable to this dye. The results obtained revealed a strong Cu and Pb toxicity involving disruption of membrane integrity. Pb action was reflected by lipid composition, whereas changes in Cu treated mycelia did not completely elucidate its harmful effect on the membrane, which was most probably caused by Cu induced lipid peroxidation. Zn did not induce quantitative changes in PC and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) but caused changes in phospholipid lipid saturation, which appears to be important for fungus adaptation to the presence of metals. The enhanced PC content balanced by higher PC saturation can help in the maintenance of proper membrane fluidity and result in alleviating the Cd and Ni induced stress. These results will allow to clarify the mechanism of Pb toxicity and help to elucidate the cellular basis of fungal membrane adaptation to heavy metals.
Identification of lipid derivatives in Hep G2 cells.
Authors: Gdula-Argasińska Joanna , Garbacik Aneta , Tyszka-Czochara Małgorzata , Woźniakiewicz Michał , Paśko Paweł , Czepiel Jacek
Published: February 2019

Metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids results in biosynthesis of mediators with different physiological effects. These metabolites include prostaglandins, prostacyclins, isoprostanes and others that are important signalling molecules and regulate a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes including inflammation. Prostaglandins and isoprostanes are produced by either non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation or by enzyme-induced peroxidation (cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases). They are used as biomarkers of oxidative stress. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation with added benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) on HepG2 cells by using a UHPLC/MS-TOF method. This rapid and simple method was developed for the identification, separation and quantification of 8-iPGF3α, PGF3α, 8-isoPGF2α and 5-iPF2α in cultured cells. The UHPLC/MS-TOF method was validated. The calculated limit of detection was in the range of 0.16-0.50 ng/mL, precision (% RSD): 1.2-2.1% and recoveries better than 88%. This method empowered qualitative and quantitative analysis of the selected individual prostaglandins derived from arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid from cell extracts.
Oxidative polymerization of lignins by laccase in water-acetone mixture.
Authors: Fiţigău Ionița Firuța , Peter Francisc , Boeriu Carmen Gabriela
Published: February 2019

The enzymatic oxidative polymerization of five technical lignins with different molecular properties, i.e. Soda Grass/Wheat straw Lignin, Organosolv Hardwood Lignin, Soda Wheat straw Lignin, Alkali pretreated Wheat straw Lignin, and Kraft Softwood was studied. All lignins were previously fractionated by acetone/water 50:50 (v/v) and the laccase-catalyzed polymerization of the low molecular weight fractions (Mw < 4000 g/mol) was carried out in the same solvent system. Reactivity of lignin substrates in laccase-catalyzed reactions was determined by monitoring the oxygen consumption. The oxidation reactions in 50% acetone in water mixture proceed with high rate for all tested lignins. Polymerization products were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography, FT-IR, and (31)P-NMR and evidence of important lignin modifications after incubation with laccase. Lignin polymers with higher molecular weight (Mw up to 17500 g/mol) were obtained. The obtained polymers have potential for applications in bioplastics, adhesives and as polymeric dispersants.
Development of novel cellular model for affinity studies of histamine H(4) receptor ligands.
Authors: Karcz Tadeusz , Kieć-Kononowicz Katarzyna
Published: February 2019

The G protein-coupled histamine H4 receptor (H4R) is the last member of histamine receptors family discovered so far. Its expression pattern, together with postulated involvement in a wide variety of immunological and inflammatory processes make histamine H4 receptor an interesting target for drug development. Potential H4R ligands may provide an innovative therapies for different immuno-based diseases, including allergy, asthma, pruritus associated with allergy or autoimmune skin conditions, rheumatoid arthritis and pain. However, none of successfully developed selective and potent histamine H4 receptor ligands have been introduced to the market up to date. For that reason there is still a strong demand for pharmacological models to be used in studies on potent H4R ligands. In current work we present the development of novel mammalian cell line, stably expressing human histamine H4 receptor, with use of retroviral transduction approach. Obtained cell line was pharmacologically characterized in radioligand binding studies and its utility for affinity testing of potent receptor ligands was confirmed in comparative studies with the use of relevant insect cells expression model. Obtained results allow for statement that developed cellular model may be successfully employed in search for new compounds active at histamine H4 receptor.
Poly(acrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate)/metronidazole systems: synthesis and complexation.
Authors: Bialik-Wąs Katarzyna , Pielichowski Krzysztof
Published: February 2019

We report on preparation of poly(acrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) (PAM) micro- and nanoparticles and, in the subsequent stage, complexation reaction with the active substance - metronidazole (MET). The drug release behavior of MET - loaded PAM micro- and nanoparticles was evaluated in water and phosphate buffered saline (PBS, 0.9% NaCl) at 37ºC. It has been found that introduction of MET into PAM micro- and nanoparticles enabled gradual and controlled release of the active substance. Structural analysis using FT-IR (ATR) and (1)H NMR, as well as surface morphology assessment by SEM, were performed.
Studies on sintering process of synthetic hydroxyapatite.
Authors: Malina Dagmara , Biernat Kamila , Sobczak-Kupiec Agnieszka
Published: February 2019

In this study the effect of sintering process in different temperatures on microstructure and morphological properties of sintered hydroxyapatite (HAp) was investigated. HAp powder was prepared by wet precipitation method from following reagents: Ca(OH)2 + H3PO4 in an alkaline conditions. Thermal analysis (TA), X-Ray diffraction method (XRD), FT-IR spectrometry (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to elaborate the phase composition and properties of sintered HAp samples and raw HAp powder as well. The total and apparent density and total porosity of sintered compacts, shrinkage and weight loss during the sintering were also measured. The results show that there is a difference in sintering behavior of synthetic hydroxyapatites depending on sintering temperature. The main differences refer to the loss of mass, shrinkage, changes in porosity and density of the investigated materials.
Expression of three diadinoxanthin de-epoxidase genes of Phaeodacylum tricornutum in Escherichia coli Origami b and BL21 strain.
Authors: Bojko Monika , Olchawa-Pajor Monika , Tuleja Urszula , Kuczyńska Paulina , Strzałka Wojciech , Latowski Dariusz , Strzałka Kazimierz
Published: February 2019

In the diadinoxanthin cycle the epoxy group is removed from diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin is created. This conversion takes place e.g. in diatoms with the involvement of the enzyme diadinoxanthin de-epoxidase. In one of the diatom species, Phaeodactylum tricornutum (CCAP 1055/1 strain with genome sequenced) three de-epoxidase genes (PtVDE, PtVDL1, PtVDL2) have been identified, but only one of them (PtVDE) corresponds to violaxanthin de-epoxidase, an enzyme which is commonly found in higher plants. In these studies, the expression of two de-epoxidase genes of another Phaeodactylum tricornutum strain (UTEX 646), which is commonly used in diatom studies, were obtained in Origami b and BL21 E. coli strains. The molecular masses of the mature proteins are about 49 kDa and 60 kDa, respectively, for VDE and VDL2. Both enzymes are active with violaxanthin as a substrate.
Plasma citrulline level as a biomarker for cancer therapy-induced small bowel mucosal damage.
Authors: Barzał Justyna A , Szczylik Cezary , Rzepecki Piotr , Jaworska Małgorzata , Anuszewska Elżbieta
Published: February 2019

Regimen-related mucosal toxicity is extremely common following cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Mucositis is as an important determinant of the inflammatory response and infectious complications in cancer treated patients. Most assessment scales for mucosal damage are focussed on oral mucositis, since it is easy to evaluate. Measuring gastrointestinal musocal damage objectively remains difficult because it cannot be seen directly or readily detected. One of potential non-invasive biomarkers of gastrointestinal mucosal damage is plasma citrulline level. Citrulline is an amino acid produced by small bowel enterocytes. Low concentration of free circulating citrulline signifies severe intestinal mucosal damage in humans with nonmalignant disorders, such as villous atrophy-associated diseases, short bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, and is used in follow-up after small bowel transplantation. The plasma citrulline level is a reliable and objective biochemical marker of enterocyte mass and function in humans, and therefore can be used to monitor enterocyte toxicity resulting from chemotherapy and radiotherapy during anticancer therapy in patients with severely disturbed gut integrity.
Phosphorylation sites of HER2/c-erbB-2: role in cell growth and in disease.
Authors: Khurshid Rukhshan , Saleem Mahjabeen , -e-Raana Gul , Akhthar Muhammad Saleem
Published: February 2019

The protein kinase c-erbB-2 belongs to the family of receptor tyrosine kinase and is involved in oncogenesis. The present study predicts different phosphorylation sites of HER2/c-erbB-2 which are important in preventing or developing cancer, especially breast cancer. Sequence homology showed highest homology (77%) with epidermal growth factor receptor kinase domain. According to PROSITE search result, active sites of c-erbB-2 are N-lobe (glycine rich phosphate binding loop). Catalytic loop with presumptive catalytically active of Asp108 is phosphorylated by tyrosine protein kinase. A-loop, activation loop, becomes phosphorylated and activates the substrate binding. The study strengthens our knowledge regarding HER2 signaling by the detection of uncharacterized signaling proteins, establishing phosphorylation of an activation loop and helps us to make assumptions about the role of such previously unidentified proteins. On the basis of importance of HER2 in breast cancer as well as in other diseases, this study provides fruitful information for designing new therapeutic strategies.
A severe recessive and a mild dominant form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease associated with a newly identified Glu222Lys GDAP1 gene mutation.
Authors: Kabzińska Dagmara , Kotruchow Katarzyna , Cegielska Joanna , Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz Irena , Kochański Andrzej
Published: February 2019

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease caused by mutations in the GDAP1 gene has been shown to be inherited via traits that may be either autosomal recessive (in the majority of cases) [CMT4A] or autosomal dominant [CMT2K]. CMT4A disease is characterized by an early onset, and a severe clinical course often leading to a loss of ambulation, whereas CMT2K is characterized by a mild clinical course of benign axonal neuropathy beginning even in the 6th decade of life. Clinical data from a GDAP1 mutated patient suggests that the presence of a particular mutation is associated with a certain trait of inheritance. The association of a particular GDAP1 gene mutation and a dominant or recessive trait of inheritance is of special importance for genetic counseling and the prenatal diagnostics as regards severe forms of CMT. In the present study we report on two CMT families in which a newly identified Glu222Lys mutation within the GDAP1 gene segregates both in autosomal dominant and recessive traits. Our study shows that at least some GDAP1 gene mutations may segregate with the CMT phenotype as both dominant and recessive traits. Thus, genetic counseling for CMT4A/CMT2K families requires more extensive data on GDAP1 phenotype-genotype correlations.
Characterisation and molecular dynamic simulations of J15 asparaginase from Photobacterium sp. strain J15.
Authors: Yaacob Mohd Adilin , Hasan Wan Atiqah Najiah Wan , Ali Mohd Shukuri Mohamad , Rahman Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abdul , Salleh Abu Bakar , Basri Mahiran , Leow Thean Chor
Published: February 2019

Genome mining revealed a 1011 nucleotide-long fragment encoding a type I L-asparaginase (J15 asparaginase) from the halo-tolerant Photobacterium sp. strain J15. The gene was overexpressed in pET-32b (+) vector in E. coli strain Rosetta-gami B (DE3) pLysS and purified using two-step chromatographic methods: Ni(2+)-Sepharose affinity chromatography and Q-Sepharose anion exchange chromatography. The final specific activity and yield of the enzyme achieved from these steps were 20 U/mg and 49.2%, respectively. The functional dimeric form of J15-asparaginase was characterised with a molecular weight of ~70 kDa. The optimum temperature and pH were 25°C and pH 7.0, respectively. This protein was stable in the presence of 1 mM Ni(2+) and Mg(2+), but it was inhibited by Mn(2+), Fe(3+) and Zn(2+) at the same concentration. J15 asparaginase actively hydrolysed its native substrate, l-asparagine, but had low activity towards l-glutamine. The melting temperature of J15 asparaginase was ~51°C, which was determined using denatured protein analysis of CD spectra. The Km, Kcat, Kcat/Km of J15 asparaginase were 0.76 mM, 3.2 s(-1), and 4.21 s(-1) mM(-1), respectively. Conformational changes of the J15 asparaginase 3D structure at different temperatures (25°C, 45°C, and 65°C) were analysed using Molecular Dynamic simulations. From the analysis, residues Tyr₂₄ , His₂₂, Gly₂₃, Val₂₅ and Pro₂₆ may be directly involved in the 'open' and 'closed' lid-loop conformation, facilitating the conversion of substrates during enzymatic reactions. The properties of J15 asparaginase, which can work at physiological pH and has low glutaminase activity, suggest that this could be a good candidate for reducing toxic effects during cancer treatment.
The antioxidant quercetin protects HL-60 cells with high myeloperoxidase activity against pro-oxidative and apoptotic effects of etoposide.
Authors: Papież Monika A , Krzyściak Wirginia
Published: February 2019

The protective action of quercetin against the pro-oxidant and apoptotic effect of etoposide was investigated in HL-60 cells with a high level of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and in cells treated with MPO inhibitor, 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide (ABAH). Quercetin significantly protected MPO-rich cells against the pro-oxidative (p
Female headstart in resistance to hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress in mice.
Authors: Šarić Ana , Sobočanec Sandra , Šafranko Željka Mačak , Popović-Hadžija Marijana , Aralica Gorana , Korolija Marina , Kušić Borka , Balog Tihomir
Published: February 2019

Increased oxygen concentration (hyperoxia) induces oxidative damage of tissues and organs. Oxygen toxicity in hyperoxia is controlled by factors such as sex, age, tissue, strain and hormones. In most species females show lower incidence of some age-related pathologies linked with oxidative stress, which has been attributed to a beneficial effect of ovarian hormones. In this study we found that hyperoxia induced hepatic oxidative damage exclusively in male CBA/H mice, followed by their decreased survival. Histopathological examination revealed that the observed differences in survival were not the consequence of acute lung injury induced by hyperoxia. Next, we observed that an increased Sirt1 protein level in hyperoxia-exposed female CBA/H mice correlated with their lower PPAR-γ and higher eNOS and Sod2 protein levels. In males, higher PPAR-γ and lower Sod2 protein levels were associated with unchanged Sirt1 expression. Although these results are of a correlative nature only, they clearly show that females show better survival, increased resistance to hyperoxia and have generally more efficient defense systems, which suggests that their headstart in resistance to hyperoxia could be a consequence of the beneficial effect of ovarian hormones.
Factors affecting decision concerning influenza vaccination among students of medical faculties.
Authors: Woźniak-Kosek Agnieszka , Kempińska-Mirosławska Bogumiła , Mendrycka Mariola , Saracen Agnieszka , Hoser Grażyna
Published: February 2019

Influenza is one of the most common cyclic respiratory diseases in humans. Methods of prevention are multidirectional, but the most effective and most efficacious way to prevent influenza and its complications is through preventive vaccination. This work aims to determine different factors affecting the decision concerning influenza vaccine. The percentage of people vaccinated against the flu was evaluated, as well as their knowledge of post-influenza complications, etc. among full-time students and bridging studies of nursing and physiotherapy (full-time and part-time) at the University of Technology and Life Sciences in Radom, and students of medicine and pharmacy at the Medical University of Łódź. The research tool was the authors' questionnaire with 18 questions. The surveys conducted, consisting of multiple choice questions, were anonymous. In total, the survey involved 470 students. Overall, the number of people who were vaccinated against influenza in the 2012/13 epidemic season numbered 15 respondents, representing 5.84% of the total group of respondents. For the group of nursing students it was 6%, for physiotherapy students 5%, for students of medicine and pharmacy 14%. The percentage of respondents who said they would get vaccinated if the vaccinaton was free of charge was also low. Increasing the percentage of people vaccinated against influenza (immunization coverage) is a very important measure in preventing influenza epidemics. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the reasons why people are reluctant to be vaccinated against influenza, particularly among students who will work in the future in the health care services sector.
Mapping of the influenza A hemagglutinin serotypes evolution by the ISSCOR method.
Authors: Radomski Jan P , Słonimski Piotr P , Zagórski-Ostoja Włodzimierz , Borowicz Piotr
Published: February 2019

Analyses and visualizations by the ISSCOR method of influenza virus hemagglutinin genes of different A-subtypes revealed some rather striking temporal relationships between groups of individual gene subsets. Based on these findings we consider application of the ISSCOR-PCA method for analyses of large sets of homologous genes to be a worthwhile addition to a toolbox of genomics--allowing for a rapid diagnostics of trends, and ultimately even aiding an early warning of newly emerging epidemiological threats.
A clinical utility of a strip test for influenza A/B and comparison with detection by RT PCR.
Authors: Miarka Maciej , Horban Andrzej , Maliszewska Henryka , Biliński Przemysław , Prus-Kowalczuk Wanda
Published: February 2019

In June 2009 the World Health Organization announced influenza pandemic caused by A/H1N1/v virus. It became crucial to recognize new cases of A/H1N1/v infection. An effective screening diagnostic procedure was needed for patients suffering from influenza-like symptoms for making an initial diagnosis and analyzing epidemiological pattern of infection. We used a strip test for influenza A/B as a screening diagnostic procedure for patients suffering from influenza-like symptoms for making an initial diagnosis. For comparison, RT PCR for detecting A/H1N1/v was performed. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and sensitivity of the strip test and its value for making initial diagnosis of influenza A/H1N1/v.
Strip testing for the influenza A/B infection was performed on 1123 patients with influenza-like symptoms in the Admission Unit of the Regional Infectious Diseases Hospital in Warsaw. Strip test results were analyzed according to the age of patients and season of the year. For 97 patients strip test results for detecting A/H1N1 infection were compared with those obtained by RT PCR.
There were no statistically significant differences found between the methods and strip testing demonstrated sensitivity of 61% and specificity of 71%.
No statistically significant differences were found between the two methods, however, strip test had low sensitivity and specificity.
Antiviral activity of novel oseltamivir derivatives against some influenza virus strains.
Authors: Kocik Janusz , Kołodziej Marcin , Joniec Justyna , Kwiatek Magdalena , Bartoszcze Michał
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of oseltamivir derivatives and determine their activity against A/H1N1/PR/8/34 and A/H3N2/HongKong/8/68 - strains of influenza virus. Antiviral activity of these compounds was determined by using two methods. MTT staining was used to assess the viability of MDCK cells infected with influenza viruses and treated with various concentrations of drugs. In parallel, the effect of drugs on viral replication was assessed using the hemagglutination test. The most toxic compounds were: OS-64, OS-35, OS-29, OS-27 and OS-25, whereas OS-11, OS-20 and OS-23 were the least toxic ones. Statistically significant antiviral effect at a higher virus dose was shown by compounds: OS-11, OS-20, OS-27, OS-35, and OS-64. H3N2 virus was sensitive to 10-times lower concentrations of OS-11 and OS-35 than H1N1. At a lower infection dose, the antiviral activity was observed for OS-11, OS 27, OS-35 and OS-20. OS-64 turned out to be effective only at a high concentration. OS-23 showed no antiviral effect.
A universal flu vaccine.
Authors: Kesik-Brodacka Malgorzata , Plucienniczak Grazyna
Published: February 2019

Influenza is a global health concern. The single most effective way of protecting people against influenza infection and disease is vaccination. However, currently available vaccines against influenza induce only strain-specific immunity, and do not elicit long-lasting serum antibody titers. Therefore, they are ineffective in the case of possible pandemics. There is an urgent need for a new generation vaccine which would induce broad and long-lasting immune protection against antigenically distinct flu viruses. The paper presents recent achievements and the challenges in the field of universal vaccine construction.
Biocatalytic synthesis of δ-gluconolactone and ε-caprolactone copolymers.
Authors: Todea Anamaria , Badea Valentin , Nagy Lajos , Kéki Sándor , Boeriu Carmen G , Péter Francisc
Published: February 2019

The biodegradability and biocompatibility properties of ε-caprolactone homopolymers place it as a valuable raw material, particularly for controlled drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. However, the usefulness of such materials is limited by their low hydrophilicity and slow biodegradation rate. In order to improve polycaprolactone properties and functionalities, copolymerization of ε-caprolactone with δ-gluconolactone was investigated. Since enzymatic reactions involving sugars are usually hindered by the low solubility of these compounds in common organic solvents, finding the best reaction medium was a major objective of this research. The optimal copolymerization conditions were set up by using different organic media (solvent and solvents mixtures), as well as solvent free systems that are able to dissolve (completely or partially) sugars, and are nontoxic for enzymes. Native and immobilized lipases by different immobilization techniques from Candida antarctica B and Thermomyces lanuginosus have been used as biocatalyst at 80°C. Although the main copolymer amount was synthesized in DMSO:t-BuOH (20:80) medium, the highest polymerization degrees, up to 16 for the copolymer product, were achieved in solventless conditions. The products, cyclic and linear polyesters, have been characterized by FT-IR and MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The reaction product analysis revealed the formation of cyclic products that could be the major impediment of further increase of the chain length.
The relation of PON1-L55M gene polymorphism and clinical manifestation of Behcet's disease.
Authors: Dursun Ahmet , Cicek Salih , Keni Fatih M , Karakas-Celik Sevim , Sezer Tuna , Altinyazar Cevdet H
Published: February 2019

Behçet's disease is a multisystem disease characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcers, relapsing uveitis, mucocutaneous, articular, gastrointestinal, neurologic, and vascular manifestations. Paraoxonase is believed to play an important role in protection of LDL and HDL particles from oxidation, in antioxidant effect against lipid peroxidation on cellular membranes, and in anti-inflammatory process. Lipid peroxidation and free oxygen radicals have been thought to play a role in pathogenesis of BD. The association of paraoxonase gene polymorphisms with Behçet's Disease in a group of Turkish patients with clinical manifestations and healthy controls has been investigated.
Paraoxonase (PON-1-L55M) gene polymorphism was investigated in 50 Behcet patients and 50 healthy individuals with a PCR/RFLP method.
There were significant differences between patients and the control group in allele frequencies of the PON1 L55M polymorphism (p=0.04). Also, when patients were compared with the control group according to clinical manifestations, this statistical significance was getting sharper. Compared with the PON55 L allele, the M allele was associated with greater than 3.5 fold (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.3-8.9) increased risk of ocular (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.3), 2.4 fold joint and 3.1 fold (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.1-8.4) central nervous system manifestations of BD.
The PON L55M gene polymorphism seemed to play a role in the pathogenesis of BD.
Antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation as a marker of immune response in guinea pigs with sustained Helicobacter pylori infection.
Authors: Miszczyk Eliza , Walencka Maria , Rudnicka Karolina , Matusiak Agnieszka , Rudnicka Wiesława , Chmiela Magdalena
Published: February 2019

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria are human pathogens causing symptomatic gastritis, peptic ulcer or gastric cancer. Little is known about the kinetics of immune responses in H. pylori infected patients because the initial moment of infection has not been identified. Various animal models are used to investigate the immune processes related to H. pylori infection. In this study we checked whether H. pylori infection in guinea pigs, mimicking natural H. pylori infection in humans, resulted in the development of specific immune responses to H. pylori antigens by measuring the proliferation of lymphocytes localized in mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen and peripheral blood. The maturity of macrophages and cytokines, delivered by monocyte-macrophage lineage or lymphocytes, were considered as mediators, which might influence the lymphocyte blastogenic response. The obtained results showed the activation of T cells localized in mesenteric lymph nodes by H. pylori antigens in H. pylori infected guinea pigs four weeks postinfection. The blastogenic activity of lymphocytes was shaped by their interaction with antigen presenting cells, which were present in the cell cultures during the whole culture period. Moreover, the balance between cytokines derived from adherent leukocytes including interleukin 8--IL-8 as well as interferon gamma--IFN-γ, and transforming growth factor beta--TGF-β delivered by lymphocytes, was probably important for the successful proliferation of lymphocytes. The H. pylori specific lymphocytes were not propagated in peripheral blood and spleen of H. pylori infected animals. The modulation of immunocompetent cells by H. pylori antigens or their different distribution cannot be excluded.
The effect of thyme and tea tree oils on morphology and metabolism of Candida albicans.
Authors: Rajkowska Katarzyna , Kunicka-Styczyńska Alina , Maroszyńska Marta , Dąbrowska Mariola
Published: February 2019

Members of Candida species cause significant problems in medicine and in many industrial branches also. In order to prevent from Candida sp. development, essential oils are more and more frequently applied as natural, non-toxic, non-pollutive and biodegradable agents with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The aim of the research was to determine changes in morphology and metabolic properties of Candida albicans in the presence of thyme and tea tree oils. Changes of enzymatic activity of isolates were observed in the presence of both tested essential oils, and they were primarily associated with loss or decrease of activity of all enzymes detected for control. Furthermore, only for 3 out of 11 isolates additional activity of N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, α-mannosidase, α-fucosidase and trypsin was detected. Vivid changes in biochemical profiles were found after treatment with tea tree oil and they were related to loss of ability to assimilate D-xylose, D-sorbitol and D-trehalose. The main differences in morphology of isolates compared to the control strain concerned formation of pseudohyphae structures. Both examined essential oils caused changes in cell and colony morphology, as well as in the metabolism of Candida albicans. However, the extent of differences depends on the type and concentration of an essential oil. The most important finding is the broad spectrum of changes in yeast enzymatic profiles induced by thyme and tea tree oils. It can be supposed that these changes, together with loss of ability to assimilate saccharides could significantly impact Candida albicans pathogenicity.
The impact of nanosilver addition on element ions release form light-cured dental composite and compomer into 0.9% NaCl.
Authors: Sokołowski Krzysztof , Szynkowska Małgorzata I , Pawlaczyk Aleksandra , Łukomska-Szymańska Monika , Sokołowski Jerzy
Published: February 2019

The aim of this paper was to identify and to assess in semi-quantified way the release of different ions from composite and compomer restorative materials subjected to 0.9% NaCl solution, which simulates the environment of the human body. In the present study, the number of ions (Al, Ag, Ba, Sr, Ti) released from dental fillings over time (one week, one month and 3 months), in different temperatures (23°C, 37°C) and depending on the materials applied (unmodified/modified with nanosilver) was investigated. The results suggest that nanosilver addition influences directly on the process of metal ion releasing into 0.9% NaCl solution. The increase in the number of counts of metal ions was observed in the solutions in which samples modified with nanosilver were kept. Higher amount of metal ion release was observed for composite samples rather than for compomer materials. The study revealed that in general the number of released metal ions increases with the time of storage (for metal ions: Ti, Ba, Sr) and at higher temperature (Ag, Ti, Ba). Reverse tendency observed for silver ion release versus incubation time may be caused by the process of silver adsorption, which takes place on the surface of analyzed material and test-tube walls, where samples were incubated.
The use of a one-step PCR method for the identification of Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection of pets.
Authors: Dąbrowska Iwona , Dworecka-Kaszak Bożena , Brillowska-Dąbrowska Anna
Published: February 2019

Dermatophytes are a closely related group of keratinophilic fungi. They encompass important etiological agents of superficial fungal infections. These fungi are able to invade keratinized tissues of humans and animals, causing dermatophytosis (ringworm) of hair, nails or skin.
Traditional diagnostics of ringworm is based on morphological identification of cultured fungi and is time-consuming.
In this study, we applied a method patented by Brillowska-Dabrowska and coworkers (Brillowska-Dąbrowska A, Saunte DM, Arenderup MC, 2007, Five-hour diagnosis of dermatophyte nail infections with specific detection of Trichophyton rubrum. J Clin Microbiol 45: 1200-1204) which involves extraction of fungal DNA and PCR amplification with pan-dermatophyte primers to confirm the presence of dermatophytes.
The method used here is able to confirm the presence of dermatophyte DNA in pure cultures in less than 5 hours.
The effect of quercetin on oxidative DNA damage and myelosuppression induced by etoposide in bone marrow cells of rats.
Authors: Papież Monika A
Published: February 2019

There is increasing evidence for the existence of an association between the presence of etoposide phenoxyl radicals and the development of treatment-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML), which occurs in a few percent of patients treated with this chemotherapeutic agent. The most common side effect caused by etoposide is myelosuppression, which limits the use of this effective drug. The goal of the study was to investigate the influence of antioxidant querectin on myelosuppression and oxidative DNA damage caused by etoposide. The influence of quercetin and/or etoposide on oxidative DNA damage was investigated in LT-12 cell line and bone marrow cells of rats via comet assay. The effect of quercetin on myelosuppression induced by etoposide was invetsigated by cytological analysis of bone marrow smears stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain. Etoposide caused a significant increase in oxidative DNA damage in bone marrow cells and LT-12 cell line in comparison to the appropriate controls. Quercetin significantly reduced the oxidative DNA damage caused by etoposide both in vitro and in vivo. Quercetin also significantly protected against a decrease in the percentage of myeloid precursors and erythroid nucleated cells caused by etoposide administration in comparison to the group treated with etoposide alone. The results of the study indicate that quercetin could be considered a protectively acting compound in bone marrow cells during etoposide therapy.
The study of cellular cytotoxicity of argireline - an anti-aging peptide.
Authors: Grosicki Marek , Latacz Gniewomir , Szopa Annamaria , Cukier Anna , Kieć-Kononowicz Katarzyna
Published: February 2019

Argireline is well know, innovative anti-aging product used in the cosmetic market. This short chain peptide is used as active ingredient in dermal ointment and creams. Argireline prevents formation of skin lines and wrinkles in a very similar way to the botulinum toxin (Botox), inhibiting neurotransmitter release at the neuromuscular junction. Argireline does not require under skin muscle injections and it is believed to be relatively safe. However, despite the fact that some toxicity data has been provided by the product manufacturer, there is an evident lack of reliable information about cytotoxicity of argireline in the literature. The aim of the presented study was to estimate the antiproliferation effect of argireline solution in several concentrations. The influence of argireline on cellular proliferation was examined against: human embryonic kidney HEK-293 cell line, human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cell line, and human primary skin fibroblasts. Tests were performed using formazan-based cell proliferation assay: EZ4U, which allows to measure the efficiency of mitochondrial oxidative activity in living cells. The argireline inhibitory concentration, IC50 values were calculated and the results were compared to the IC50 value of the reference compound: doxorubicin. In conclusion, the considered method resulted in dose-dependent argireline anti-proliferation effects. However, the significant cytotoxicity of argireline solution was observed under 18 to 10 000 fold higher concentrations (depending on cells that were examined) in comparison to doxorubicin.