bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender, sexual orientation and the pay gap: an analysis in light of homophobia and gender stereotypes
Authors: Coron Clotilde
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Previous research has measured wage inequalities based on gender and sexual orientation. However, although sexism and homophobia form the backdrop of these studies, no research has measured the role played by gender stereotypes and homophobia on the national level in these wage disparities. Most studies have been conducted in single countries, which prevents researchers from considering the effects of national values (such as gender stereotypes and homophobia) on wages. This article aims to bridge these gaps by studying wage differentials according to gender and sexual orientation across 25 European countries characterised by various levels of homophobia and gender stereotypes.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses two data sources, namely the EWCS and EVS surveys, to measure wage inequalities according to gender and sexual orientation in European countries characterised by different levels of gender stereotypes and homophobia. The analysis is mostly based on multilevel modelling.

Findings

Our findings shows that in Europe, among partnered individuals, after controlling for individual variables, lesbian women earn more than heterosexual women but less than gay men who themselves receive less salary than heterosexual men. The gender pay gap is lower among lesbians and gays than among heterosexual individuals. Once national variables are added with interaction effects with sexual orientation, lesbian women seem to be the category for whom the wage increases related to living in non-homophobic countries are the highest.

Originality/value

This article is the first to measure the role played by national gender ideology and homophobia in wage inequalities according to gender and sexual orientation.
The nexus of urbanization and renewable energy productivity: implications for sustainable development in developing Asia nations
Authors: Aggarwal Shruti , Mahalik Mantu Kumar
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to examine the impact of urbanization and renewable energy productivity on sustainable development in developing Asia economies. Moreover, it investigates the potential of sustainable urbanization in these economies through the lens of renewable energy productivity.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a balanced panel data set of 20 developing Asian economies from 2000 to 2020, this study uses the sustainable development goals score as the dependent variable. Principal explanatory variables include urban population and renewable energy productivity, with globalization and government expenditure as control variables in sustainable development function. This study uses diagnostic tests such as cross-sectional dependence, unit-root test and cointegration to ensure robustness. For the empirical analysis, the pooled mean group autoregressive distributed lag estimation technique is used for both long- and short-run dynamics, supplemented by the panel-corrected standard errors and feasible generalized least squares methods for the robustness check.

Findings

The long-run results indicate that urbanization and renewable energy productivity significantly enhance sustainable development. This study also identifies globalization and government expenditure as significant drivers of sustainable development. The long-run results further identify the potential moderating role of renewable energy productivity, thereby helping urbanization in stimulating sustainable development. This study recommends developing policies that promote sustainable urban infrastructure, such as energy-efficient buildings and smart cities, while investing in renewable energy technologies and systems to enhance their integration into urban development plans and maintain sustainable development.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the nuanced impact of renewable energy productivity on sustainable development in the context of urbanization. It underscores the synergistic benefits of aligning urban growth with renewable energy initiatives, suggesting strategic fiscal policies and international cooperation as essential components for advancing sustainable development in developing Asian economies.
Key drivers for the incorporation of artificial intelligence in humanitarian supply chain management
Authors: Karuppiah Koppiahraj , Kandasamy Jayakrishna , Rocha-Lona Luis , Sánchez Christian Muñoz , Joshi Rohit
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Humanitarian supply chain management (HSCM), operating in a complex environment, needs to be agile and robust. The advent of digital technologies has revolutionized HSCM operations, and thus, this study identifies and evaluates key drivers of artificial intelligence (AI) incorporation in HSCM.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 20 key drivers were identified through a review of the relevant extant literature and finalized with experts’ inputs using a Likert scale survey. With a Kappa analysis, these drivers were classified into four groups: technical (T), organization (O), human (H) and institution (I). An integrated multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method of the Fermatean fuzzy set (FFS) analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) was used to rank the key drivers and explore their causal interrelationships.

Findings

Improved performance output, organizational preparedness, user acceptance and continued support, guarantee of job security for technologically semi-skilled workers and government support are the five key drivers of AI incorporation in HSCM.

Originality/value

This study evaluates the key drivers of AI integration in HSCM with FFS-AHP-DEMATEL.
Exploring Hong Kong public attitudes and concerns about traditional Chinese medical treatments: a study on discussion forum responses
Authors: Law Monica , Ho Kin-Hon , Cui Xiling
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to analyze online responses to gain insights into public attitudes and concerns regarding traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) among Hong Kong residents. By addressing gaps in understanding public sentiment, this study contributes to the development of effective health-care policies.

Design/methodology/approach

Responses were collected from Baby-Kingdom.com using Python, gathering 17,568 TCM-related comments from 2016 to 2023. Analysis involved an eight-theme codebook and sentiment and semantic network analyses with DiVoMiner.

Findings

Most responses expressed positive sentiments and attitudes toward TCM. The analysis revealed recurring topics related to conditioning and specific diseases, including gynecological problems. Clinic service quality, fair pricing and convenient locations were also highlighted.

Research limitations/implications

This study examines the networked public sphere and the Theory of Planned Behavior regarding TCM, emphasizing online forums’ impact on attitudes and highlighting gaps in service access, using big data and an interdisciplinary approach.

Practical implications

The findings of this study from Baby-Kingdom.com emphasize the need to improve the accessibility of TCM-related discussions. An official platform for professionals is proposed, with government support for reliable information and partnerships with local universities to expand services.

Originality/value

This study provides valuable insights into the popularity of TCM in Hong Kong, which may encourage uptake and use of TCM services in the health-care sector in not only Hong Kong but also the Greater Bay Area, China and potentially other countries in the future.
Banking and financial regulation in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic literature review and multiple regression approach
Authors: Akinbowale Oluwatoyin Esther , Zerihun Mulatu Fekadu , Mashigo Polly
Published: February 2025

Purpose

A functional financial sector is a major driver of economic development. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive understanding of existing research findings, gaps in knowledge and emerging trends in the field of banking and finance.

Design/methodology/approach

By conducting a systematic literature review, a total of 98 peer-reviewed articles whose focus and relevance match with the subject matter were reviewed and synthesised to answer the research questions. Multiple regression was also carried to investigate the relationship amongst the identified probable factors affecting financial inclusions.

Findings

The outcome of this study highlighted some factors mitigating the growth of the banking sector in the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). These include excessive or stringent regulations, market segmentation, high interest rates, information asymmetry, low credit status and uneven distribution of credit amongst others.

Practical implications

Some of the policy recommendations that could aid the development of the banking sector in SSA include: development and deepening of interbank markets, financial inclusion, improvement of overall market efficiency through redistribution of liquidity within the banking system, improvement of price and encouragement of competition. This study recommends financial inclusion by formulating policies that balances the capital adequacy requirements with the risk of insolvency to ensure credit flows and promotes financial stability via effective operations financial institutions.

Originality/value

This study contributes valuable insights to the understanding of banking and financial regulations in SSA, informing both academic research and policy development in the region.
Cryptocurrency bubbles, information asymmetry and noise trading
Authors: Alfieri Elise , Burlacu Radu , Enjolras Geoffroy
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This paper examines the relationship between the degree of information asymmetry among investors and the occurrence of bubbles in cryptocurrency markets.

Design/methodology/approach

The study applies the Philipps, Shi and Yu (PSY) methodology to identify bubbles in 74 cryptocurrencies from July 2014 to April 2021.

Findings

The findings indicate that there is a negative relationship between the degree of information asymmetry among investors and the number and duration of bubbles across cryptocurrencies.

Originality/value

This finding supports the riding-bubble argument of Asako et al. (2020), which suggests that when the information asymmetry among investors is high, rational investors are less certain about what irrational, inexperienced investors might decide. This strategic uncertainty leads rational investors to close out their positions more quickly, resulting in a shorter duration of the bubble and a reduced propensity for new bubbles to emerge. The study’s findings hold regardless of the proxies used to measure information asymmetry and noise trading, cryptocurrency characteristics and regression model specifications.
AI humanoids as moral agents and legal entities: a study on the human–robot dynamics
Authors: Kumar Shailendra , Choudhury Sanghamitra
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This manuscript attempts to provide answers regarding questions such as whether or not it is legitimate to describe and characterise humanoid robots as legal entities and individuals. The purpose of this paper is an attempt to answer this question using philosophical principles.

Design/methodology/approach

This manuscript uses text analysis to investigate answers to this question by examining thoughts put forth by respected theorists, classical philosophers, and psychologists.

Findings

The text dives further into the concept that artificial intelligence (AI) systems deserve to have their own unique identities, highlighting the significance of building a relationship with them that is meaningful. This is due to the fact that, just as every star in the sky at night radiates with its own special brightness, our AI counterparts should likewise vibrate with individuality. This will allow them to build connections that shed light on the human experience that we all share.

Originality/value

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that AI robots are not only lifeless things but rather the result of humans directing their psychological resources into something significant. This is a significant and innovative endeavour. This activity is noteworthy because it extends beyond individuals’ immediate surroundings.
Good news or bad news? Cross-border mergers and acquisitions by politically connected emerging market firms
Authors: Li Xiaoyuan , Lee Eunmi Tatum
Published: February 2025

Purpose

We evaluate the effect of political connections on the stock valuation of emerging market firms following the announcement of cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We further analyze the moderating roles of home and host market environments.

Design/methodology/approach

Our analysis of 361 Chinese cross-border M&A transactions during 2014–2018 employs an event-study methodology to assess the cumulative abnormal return (CAR) for acquirers. To test our hypotheses, we utilize a multiple regression model.

Findings

Politically connected firms experience a decrease in firm value following the announcement of cross-border M&As. However, this negative effect is weakened when the firm’s home region is more market-oriented, reflected by economic activity driven primarily by market mechanisms rather than government intervention. In contrast, the negative effect is strengthened when the host country exhibits higher governance quality, characterized by sound legal structures, labor regulations and developed capital markets.

Originality/value

Extending beyond previous studies on cross-border M&A performance, we analyze firm value based on signaling theory. Our findings reveal that market investors view cross-border M&As undertaken by politically connected firms from emerging economies with caution, resulting in a decline in acquirer value. Moreover, investors react more positively to cross-border M&As by politically connected acquirers in truly market-based regions. Conversely, investors expect that politically connected acquirers would encounter additional hurdles when executing cross-border M&As if the host country has high-quality governance.
Brand engagement in omnichannel banking services: a cross-cultural approximation
Authors: Peña García Nathalie , Losada-Otálora Mauricio , Siqueira Jose Ribamar
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to comprehend the impact of omnichannel strategies and customer experience on brand engagement in the banking sector.

Design/methodology/approach

The self-determination theory (SDT) is applied to validate its effects on omnichannel perception, customer experience and brand engagement. A quantitative research approach was employed to gather comprehensive insights, using a structured questionnaire to survey 2029 bank users in five countries: Argentina, Brazil, Spain, Mexico and the United States.

Findings

Research confirms the positive impact of omnichannel perception and customer experience on brand engagement. Noteworthy patterns between Brazil and Argentina reveal similarities in brand engagement behavior, with Brazil standing out as a performer.

Originality/value

The study emphasizes the critical importance of integrating multiple channels to optimize user experience and increase brand engagement in the banking sector. The application of SDT provides a valuable framework for understanding the motivational factors influencing consumer behavior in omnichannel environments, contributing to the originality of the research.
Do environmental disclosures act as a safety belt for mitigating financial distress? Investigating moderating roles of corporate and national governance
Authors: Arora Akshita , Singh Kuldeep
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The objectives of the study are threefold. The primary objective is to examine the impact of environmental disclosures (ED) on financial distress (FD) situation of the companies. The second objective is to investigate the impact of internal (corporate governance score) and external governance (national governance index) structure on FD. And third is to examine the ED–FD nexus with the interaction of both governance structures.

Design/methodology/approach

Using eight years of panel data for the 254 non-financial companies, and applying two-way fixed effects models, we arrive at our statistical estimates.

Findings

The results indicate that an increase in ED scores reduces FD. While corporate governance is insignificant to FD, national governance is effective in reducing FD. Interestingly, corporate governance negatively moderates the linkages between ED and FD, while national governance does not exhibit any such interaction effects.

Originality/value

We contribute to the existing literature by being the pioneer study to test the relationship between ED and FD for a sample of Indian companies and that too, with the moderation of internal and external governance structures.
Endless scrolling through social media and work boredom: a dynamic spillover of information overload
Authors: Bhowmik Tathagata
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Based on the premise that young adults, as knowledge workers, are overstimulated by a constant bombardment of information from digital channels like social media, this paper aims to explore how the information overload, largely redundant and noisy, extracts cognitive resources from the workers without providing meaningful interaction, resulting in an aversive state of boredom characterized by a desire to engage in any meaningful activity but an inability to do so, both in their private and organizational lives.

Design/methodology/approach

A review of the literature on boredom, focusing on the meaning and attention components (MAC) model of boredom is conducted to explain the phenomenon. This is followed by an exploration of information overload and the proposal of a dynamic spillover of boredom from the nonwork domains of workers to their organizational lives by integrating literature on work/life boundary spillover mechanisms.

Findings

The propositions suggest that overstimulation and boredom are carried into their organizations by the workers.

Research limitations/implications

The moderating effects of personality traits and organizational contexts like culture and digital infrastructure, which are outside the scope of this paper, can inform future research.

Practical implications

The perilous ramifications of this spillover on both workers and their organizations are discussed, along with strategies for how organizations can help workers find meaning and purpose in their workspaces to reduce their propensity for boredom.

Originality/value

This paper addresses and extends the limited research on the effects of information overload from social media on the organizational lives of knowledge workers.
Overcoming the solar PV retrofit challenge in strata properties: identifying discrete segments for targeted interventions
Authors: Charters Ben , Daly Matthew , Heffernan Troy
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This article discusses research addressing apartment owners’ reluctance to adopt solar photovoltaic (PV) technology by focusing on factors directly relevant to strata property owners. The research utilised a motivation-opportunity-ability (MOA)-based conceptual model and market segmentation, identifying discrete segments within this population with regards to their attitudes to solar PV adoption and informing solar PV adoption interventions tailored to each.

Design/methodology/approach

The research utilised a tailored survey distributed to strata property owners. To identify segments within the resulting 547-respondent sample, latent class analysis and k-means cluster analysis were performed.

Findings

Data analysis revealed three discrete segments within this sample: “Frustrated Advocates”, who are highly supportive of strata solar but are less likely to consider it feasible for their particular strata scheme and who might respond to an ongoing collaborative intervention; “Passive Supporters”, who are more confident that strata solar would be feasible for their scheme but less enthusiastic in their personal support; and “Older Avoiders”, who are indifferent to strata solar in principle, unwilling to support it in practice, and who might require a carrot-and-stick approach that recognises their actual motivations.

Research limitations/implications

The research does not test interventions targeting the identified segments. However, its findings can inform tailored interventions and subsequent case studies, and influence broader research into multi-stakeholder decision-making.

Practical implications

This article proposes intervention strategies based on the segments' identified characteristics, to encourage and support adoption of solar PV in existing strata properties.

Social implications

This article could help strata property owners and their tenants to access an important form of renewable energy.

Originality/value

Through the application of an MOA-based model, this article enhances extant literature by enabling the conceptualisation of the directly relevant factors facing strata property owners seeking to adopt solar PV, particularly the need for collective approval from diverse stakeholders, and demonstrates how a segmentation-based methodology can provide robust findings with regards to their resulting attitudes.
Bibliometric analysis of organizational learning in philanthropic organizations
Authors: Sujono Rusny Istiqomah , Rosari Reni , Santoso Claudius Budi , Susamto Akhmad Akbar
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to examine publishing patterns regarding the incorporation of organizational learning in philanthropic organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

This study conducts a quantitative bibliometric analysis using Scopus database data from 1997 to 2024. The search terms “organizational learning” combined with “philanthropy,” “non-profit,” “nonprofit,” “charity,” “humanitarian” or “endowment” yielded 162 articles. The data were processed in RStudio using the Bibliometrix R package, specifically the Biblioshiny component.

Findings

The results of the bibliometric analysis indicate a significant increase in research interest in the theme of organizational learning within philanthropic organizations from 1997 to 2024. This analysis also elucidates the relationships among the most prolific authors based on the country of their affiliated universities, the collaborations that have taken place, the most cited documents, keywords and the scientific knowledge used.

Research limitations/implications

A comprehensive literature review will be valuable for future researchers aiming to build a robust conceptual framework. This study’s science mapping is limited to the Scopus database and languages.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to describe research patterns focusing on organizational learning in philanthropic organizations.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of peripheral blood inflammatory markers in hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Li Yan‐Han , Chuang Shu‐Han , Yang Hui‐Ju
Published: February 2025

Despite the systemic inflammatory implications of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), the relationship between systemic inflammatory markers and HS has not been definitively established in the existing literature. This review aimed to evaluate the relationship of peripheral blood inflammatory markers such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR), pan‐immune‐inflammation value (PIV) and systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) with the presence and severity of HS. A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases was conducted. Studies with data on these peripheral blood inflammatory markers in HS patients were included. A meta‐analysis was performed using standardized mean differences to evaluate the association between these inflammatory markers and HS. Our study included 23 research articles that included 2623 cases and 22 015 controls. The results demonstrated that (1) CRP, ESR, NLR, and SII levels were significantly higher in HS patients than controls, and (2) CRP, ESR, PIV, and SII positively correlated with HS severity between Hurley stages I and II and II and III. NLR and PLR also correlated with severity between stages II and III. CRP, ESR, NLR and SII are significantly associated with the presence of HS, while CRP, ESR, SII, and PIV are important indicators of HS severity. NLR and PLR become particularly significant in groups with severe HS. Our results underscore the systemic inflammatory involvement in HS and suggest that these inflammatory markers could be valuable in clinical practice for screening and monitoring the progression of HS.
Neurofilament Light Chain: A Potential Diagnostic Biomarker for Rabies
Authors: Siddalingaiah Nayana , Lodha Lonika , Ashwini Manoor Ananda , Chandel Shubhangi , Manuel Sathya Priya , Prathyusha Parthipulli Vasuki , Damodar Tina , Subramanian Sarada , Mani Reeta S.
Published: February 2025

Rabies is a fatal, acute progressive encephalomyelitis caused by the rabies virus and other Lyssaviruses. Several other clinical conditions can mimic rabies. Antemortem laboratory diagnosis remains challenging and requires multiple or serial sampling for confirmation. Measurement of host‐based biomarkers is an emerging area of research in infectious diseases; however, a reliable biomarker for rabies remains elusive. In this study, neurofilament light chain (NfL), an established marker of neuronal injury, has been investigated as a potential diagnostic marker for rabies. NfL levels were measured using the Simoa NfL v2 kit in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples received for routine diagnostic testing from encephalitis cases (rabies, n = 31; other encephalitides, n = 30) and controls (n = 24). The median serum NfL level in the rabies group was significantly higher than that in the control group (adjusted p  < 0.001), as well as the other encephalitides group (adjusted p = 0.024). Furthermore, the median CSF NfL level in the rabies group was significantly higher than that in the other encephalitides group (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in serum or CSF NfL levels in rabies cases with different clinical presentations, prior vaccination status, or incubation period. These findings demonstrate for the first time that rabies can be differentiated from other causes of encephalitis by extremely high NfL levels.
Linking behavioural variance to environmental heterogeneity: Variance decomposition in surface versus cave isopod populations
Authors: Kralj‐Fišer Simona , Debes Paul V. , Fišer Žiga , Horváth Gergely , Fišer Cene , Herczeg Gábor
Published: February 2025

A longstanding question in evolutionary biology is how within‐population phenotypic variation is maintained under natural selection. The fluctuating selection hypothesis suggests that genetic and phenotypic variation scales with fluctuations in selection over space and time. This implies that phenotypic variation might be greater in populations with fluctuating than stable environmental conditions. However, this aspect has rarely been investigated, likely because habitats with minimal fluctuations are rare.

We addressed this hypothesis by comparing surface and cave populations of the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus species complex. Surface environments are spatiotemporally more variable than cave environments, grounding the prediction that the surface ecotype is phenotypically more variable than the cave ecotype. We conducted a longitudinal behavioural study on individuals from four surface and four cave populations, measuring their movement activity and risk‐taking in two light conditions. To account for differences in the natural light regimes between surface and cave populations, half of the individuals were first acclimated under a diurnal light regime and the other half in complete darkness. Initially (acclimation tests), their behaviour was recorded in bright and dark light conditions, respectively. Next, each individual was evaluated six times in alternating light conditions—three times in each light condition.

In addition to assessing average differences, we estimated among‐ and within‐individual variation, as well as repeatability and light‐induced plasticity in behaviours, enabling a comparison of these parameters between the two ecotypes.

In the dark, surface individuals were on average more active and less risk‐taking than cave individuals. As predicted, the surface compared with the cave ecotype displayed greater among‐ and within‐individual variance in movement activity, but not in risk‐taking. Repeatability was not significantly different between ecotypes. Both ecotypes showed significant among‐individual variation for light‐induced plasticity in both behaviours, however, plasticity did not differ between ecotypes. Our results also suggest that more active or risk‐taking individuals exhibited greater plasticity.

Our findings support the hypothesis that fluctuating selection plays a role in maintaining variation for movement activity but not for risk‐taking.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Enhanced Environmental Sustainability in China's Banking Sector: A Mixed‐Methods Approach
Authors: Siddik Abu Bakkar , Yong Li , Du Anna Min , Vigne Samuel A. , Sharif Arshian
Published: February 2025

Amidst escalating global environmental challenges, the banking sector is increasingly turning to artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance environmental sustainability performance (ESP). Our research examines the impact of AI adoption on ESP through the lenses of sustainable banking, Fintech, green finance and green innovation within China's banking institutions. We also explore the complex configurations of these factors, which collectively improve ESP. Grounded in the stimulus–organism–response and affordance theories, we employ a hybrid methodology combining structural equation modelling and fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis to analyse data from an online survey. Our findings indicate that AI adoption significantly boosts ESP in the banking sector, primarily mediated by sustainable banking and green innovation, despite Fintech showing no significant direct impact on ESP. Additionally, we identify specific configurations of AI, sustainable banking, Fintech, green finance and innovation that synergistically enhance ESP, contributing to the ongoing discourse on technological innovation and sustainability in the banking industry. This study emphasizes the pivotal role of AI in driving sustainable outcomes and highlights the need for strategic integration of these factors to achieve higher ESP.
Young radicals, moderates and aligned: Ideological congruence and incongruence in party youth wings
Authors: MCDONNELL DUNCAN , AMMASSARI SOFIA , WERNER ANNIKA , BOLIN NIKLAS , VALBRUZZI MARCO , LOPES HUGO FERRINHO , HEINISCH REINHARD , JUNGAR ANN‐CATHRINE , WEGSCHEIDER CARSTEN
Published: February 2025

The ideological fit between party grassroots and leaderships has long been a concern for political science, with members in general, and young members in particular, thought to be more radical. However, we do not know, first, whether this is still the case and, if it is, what drives members in different ideological directions. To investigate, we propose a new typology of members as radicals, moderates and aligned, and develop a theoretical framework that accounts for how political socialization and party contexts drive congruence and incongruence. We test this using YOUMEM survey data from over 4,000 members of 12 youth wings in six countries. Our results show that while radicals are the largest group in most youth wings, they are more common on the centre‐left than the centre‐right. They tend to have been in the youth wing for longer than aligned members, but are under‐represented among politically ambitious members. Our findings thus shed light on opinion structures within political parties and provide a typology for future research on intra‐party cohesion.
Investigation of the quality, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects of commercial carob molasses and determination of phenolic acids by using HPLC
Authors: Orhan Didem Deliorman , Sulak Ergun Murat , Pekacar Sultan , Gok Hasya Nazlı , Ozüpek Burçin , Özçelik Berrin
Published: February 2025

This study examines the bioactive properties and quality of commercial carob molasses, commonly consumed by children in Turkey for tonsillitis relief, while highlighting potential risks. Total phenolic content was analyzed spectrophotometrically, and phenolic acid composition by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For the determination of health benefits, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity methods were used, and for quality control, pH, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF), ash content, and water‐soluble solids were determined. The results showed that there were differences in the bioactive properties of the samples. Sample 2 was found to have the highest antioxidant potential (93.86 ± 8.46 ascorbic acid equivalent [AAE]) and metal chelation ability (56.99 ± 1.91%). All carob molasses samples showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Candida krusei, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 200 to ≥400 µg/mL, approaching bactericidal/fungistatic effects. It was concluded that 5‐HMF levels in all samples exceeded the 15 mg/kg limit and that many samples' pH values (between 4.71 and 5.18) and ash contents were outside the acceptable ranges. HPLC analysis showed that Sample 2 had the highest gallic acid content (569.423 ± 0.003 µg/100 mg), while Sample 6 had the highest cinnamic acid content (14.838 ± 0.003 µg/100 mg). As a result, it was observed that carob molasses, consumed with the thought that it was beneficial for tonsillitis, was not as effective as expected on the related microorganisms. It was concluded that better quality control in carob molasses production and storage is needed, and stricter food regulations should be implemented for public health.

Practical Application

Carob is a fruit with important nutritional value for both adults and children thanks to its high sugar, dietary fiber, mineral, and phenolic compound content. The molasses obtained from the fruit is frequently used as a food supplement or to alleviate respiratory tract disorders in children. The findings of this study suggest that carob molasses, which is widely used for its health benefits, is not very effective against pathogens associated with respiratory tract disorders and underline the critical importance of improving quality criteria related to production, quality (5‐hydroxymethylfurfural [5‐HMF], pH levels, and ash content) control, and ensuring its safety after it is placed on the market. This is particularly important for the protection of vulnerable groups, including children, who may be more sensitive to potential risks. It is, therefore, essential that the quality of food products available on the market is rigorously assessed and that health claims are supported by scientific evidence.
Trade frictions and domestic food price stability in the presence of large‐scale climate shocks
Authors: Villoria Nelson B.
Published: February 2025

This article examines how trade policies can mitigate the impact of trade frictions that worsen food price spikes when supply shocks are correlated across trading partners. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) offers a natural experiment of a global climate phenomenon that induces weather correlation across continents. Gravity‐derived maize prices in southern and eastern Africa increase significantly in response to El Niño extremes. Eliminating border friction reduces self‐sufficiency and the magnitude of El Niño‐driven price increases. Either border elimination or diversification of import sources result in lower and less volatile prices regardless of El Niño occurrences. The results highlight that the ability of trade to alleviate price spikes in the focus regions depends much more on the volume of imports than on the location of trading partners.
Establishment of a Research Unit in Colac, a Medium Rural Town: An Update on Progress and Guidance for Rural Health Service Research Strategy Development
Authors: Alston Laura , Field Michael , Buccheri Alison , Brew Fiona , George Anna , Wheaton Nikita , Harrington Stella , Payne Warren , Aras Drew , Bennett Alice , Beks Hannah , Namara Kevin Mc , Versace Vincent L.
Published: February 2025

Background

Rural health services have not had the same opporunities for research as metropolitan health services. Despite increasing awareness of the importance of placed‐based research led by rural health services, there are few examples in the literature on how this can be done.

Aims

In this AJRH Practice Insight we aim to provide an update on the establishment and progress of the Colac Area Health (CAH) research unit. This is a health service led research unit that services rural areas classified as MM4‐5 by the Modified Monash Model.

Methods

Practice insight.

Discussion

This experience may assist other small or medium‐sized rural health services to undertake the same strategic goal of building locally relevant and place‐based research, along with providing hope for those setting out to integrate research into rural health service organisational structures, while minimising the burden on existing resources.

Conclusion

This Practice Insight demonstrates that rural health services can integrate research units into their organisational structures, with minimal burden on resources alongside support from partners who understand the value of rural health research. Lessons learned serve as a valuable example for other rural health services who are seeking to drive their own research programs and support their staff to access research career opportunities.
Inclusive Climate Action: A Scoping Review on the Representation and Inclusion of People With Intellectual Disability in Climate Change Research
Authors: Watfern Chloe , Carnemolla Philippa
Published: February 2025

Background

Climate change disproportionally affects people with intellectual disability. Despite this, people with intellectual disability are rarely included in conversations about just environmental futures.

Methods

Using PRISMA‐ScR guidelines, this scoping review maps the academic literature surrounding intellectual disability and climate change.

Findings

We identified three key themes in the 10 articles included in our review. First, people with intellectual disability experience heightened risks and barriers during and after natural disasters. Second, they are largely absent from government disaster planning and response. Third, inclusive education initiatives are in their infancy. Overall, people with intellectual disability are not involved as leaders or collaborators in research or practice related to climate change. The literature focuses almost exclusively on natural disasters as opposed to the broader context of the climate crisis.

Conclusion

We take a critical lens, calling for further research that reframes the role of people with intellectual disability in climate change discourses: From helpless victims to collaborators, caretakers, and advocates for a safer climate.
The role of host plants in driving pathogen susceptibility in insects through chemicals, immune responses and microbiota
Authors: Sanaei Ehsan , de Roode Jacobus C.
Published: February 2025

In this comprehensive exploration, we delve into the pivotal role of host plants in shaping the intricate interactions between herbivorous insects and their pathogens. Recent decades have seen a surge in studies that demonstrate that host plants are crucial drivers of the interactions between insects and pathogens, providing novel insights into the direct and indirect interactions that shape tri‐trophic interactions. These studies have built on a wide range of pathogens, from viruses to bacteria, and from protozoans to fungi. We summarise these studies, and discuss the mechanisms of plant‐mediated insect resistance to infection, ranging from the toxicity of plant chemicals to pathogens to enhancement of anti‐pathogen immune responses, and modulation of the insect's microbiome. Although we provide evidence for the roles of all these mechanisms, we also point out that the majority of existing studies are phenomenological, describing patterns without addressing the underlying mechanisms. To further our understanding of these tri‐trophic interactions, we therefore urge researchers to design their studies to enable them specifically to distinguish the mechanisms by which plants affect insect susceptibility to pathogens.
Antibody‐Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity of iPS Cell‐Derived Natural Killer T Cells by Anti‐GD2 mAb for Neuroblastoma
Authors: Nishimura Katsuhiro , Aoki Takahiro , Kobayashi Midori , Takami Mariko , Ozaki Ko , Ogawa Keita , Hongxuan Wang , Shimizu Daiki , Katsumi Daisuke , Yoshizawa Hiroko , Komatsu Shugo , Takatani Tomozumi , Hirahara Kiyoshi , Koseki Haruhiko , Hishiki Tomoro , Motohashi Shinichiro
Published: February 2025

While antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by anti‐disialoganglioside GD2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) has succeeded in increasing the survival rate of high‐risk patients with neuroblastoma, approximately 40%–50% of patients die from the disease. Recently, we developed induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived natural killer T (iPS‐NKT) cells, which exhibit NK‐like cytotoxicity. However, whether iPS‐NKT cells can induce ADCC function is unclear. Here, we investigated the ADCC of iPS‐NKT cells and the efficacy of the combination treatment of anti‐GD2 mAb and iPS‐NKT cells against neuroblastoma. Anti‐GD2 mAb enhanced the cytotoxicity and secretion of cytokines and cytotoxic granules of iPS‐NKT cells, which expressed CD16 to GD2‐expressing neuroblastoma cell lines. We also examined which Fcγ receptors contribute to ADCC of iPS‐NKT cells. CD16 stimulation against iPS‐NKT cells caused cytotoxicity and secretion of interferon‐gamma, tumor necrosis factor, and granzyme B. In contrast, CD32 and CD64 stimulation did not. In vivo, the intratumor administration of anti‐GD2 mAb and iPS‐NKT cells significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with the other treatment groups: no treatment, anti‐GD2 mAb alone, and iPS‐NKT cells alone. In conclusion, iPS‐NKT cells exhibit CD16‐mediated ADCC, and the addition of iPS‐NKT cells to anti‐GD2 mAb therapy may be a potential approach for immunotherapy against neuroblastoma.
Comparison of the sensitivity of anti‐acetylcholine receptor enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay in different treatment periods
Authors: Kawaguchi Naoki , Imafuku Asami , Fujii Satoshi , Tsuno Fumiko , Yamada Shinya , Kuwabara Etsuko , Saschenbrecker Sandra
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Recently, the EUROIMMUN anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR Ab) enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) became commercially available in Japan, but its clinical performance has not been comprehensively researched. This is the first diagnostic evaluation of the AChR Ab ELISA carried out in the Japanese population, including stratification of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients according to the length of treatment.

Methods

Concentrations of AChR Ab in sera from clinically confirmed MG patients (n = 85) and non‐MG control participants (n = 52) were measured and compared between ELISA and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Sensitivity and concordance of the assays were further analyzed in a stratified manner according to the treatment period. AChR Ab concentration was monitored over the treatment periods (0–5 months, n = 7).

Results

The concordance rate between ELISA and RIA was 87% (ĸ = 0.74). Specificity of ELISA and RIA were 96% and 100%, respectively. Sensitivity was lower in ELISA (62%) compared with RIA (76%). Subgroup analysis showed that the sensitivity of both assays was identical (90%) in the treatment‐naïve and short‐term medicated patients (≤3 years), but decreased in patients undergoing mid‐ and late‐stage treatment. The concentration of AChR Ab showed reducing trends over the treatment period in both ELISA and RIA (r = 0.915).

Conclusions

In addition to other considerable benefits of ELISA, such as automation and avoidance of radioisotope waste, its high overall concordance and equal sensitivity with RIA, especially in treatment‐naïve and early‐stage treatment patients, suggest that the ELISA can be a valuable option supporting MG diagnostics in Japan.
Predictive Potential of Retina‐Based Biological Age in Assessing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Risk
Authors: Peng Qingsheng , Rim Tyler Hyungtaek , Soh Zhi Da , Chee Miao Li , Tham Yih‐Chung , Zhu Zhuoting , Nusinovici Simon , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Leem Ah. Young , Lee Chan Joo , Lee Byoung Kwon , Park Sungha , Kim Sung Soo , Kim Hyeon Chang , Yu Marco Chak Yan , Wong Tien Yin , Cheng Ching‐Yu
Published: February 2025

Background

Previously, based on retinal photographs, we developed a deep‐learning algorithm to predict biological age (termed, RetiAGE) that was associated with future risks of morbidity and mortality. This study specifically aimed to evaluate the performance of RetiAGE in predicting future risks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods

RetiAGE scores were generated from retinal images in the UK Biobank and stratified into tertiles. We used Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the longitudinal association between RetiAGE and incident COPD, adjusting for calendar age, gender, smoking, asthma history, and socio‐economic status. In addition, we performed a cross‐sectional analysis using generalised linear models to examine the association between RetiAGE and baseline respiratory function, specifically the forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF), adjusting for the same confounders.

Results

Among 45 438 UK Biobank participants without a history of COPD at baseline, 448 (0.9%) developed COPD over a mean follow‐up period of 9.8 ± 0.7 years. Participants in the moderate‐risk and high‐risk tertiles of RetiAGE had significantly lower baseline respiratory function (all p < 0.05) and a higher risk of incident COPD (HR = 1.60; 95% CI, 1.18–2.19) compared to the low‐risk tertile, after adjusting for confounders. Adding RetiAGE to the multivariable risk model improved predictive performance, as demonstrated by significant enhancements in C‐statistics (p < 0.001) and likelihood ratio tests (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Our deep‐learning‐based retinal aging biomarker, RetiAGE, can potentially stratify the risk of developing COPD.