bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Potential Therapeutic Targets for Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Evaluation of Drug Development Potential Using Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Ding Shun , Tong Qiling , Liu Yixuan , Qin Mengyao , Sun Shan
Published: January 2025

Background: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a major contributor to hearing impairment, yet effective therapeutic options remain elusive. Mendelian randomization (MR) has proven valuable for drug repurposing and identifying new therapeutic targets. This study aims to pinpoint novel treatment targets for SNHL, exploring their pathophysiological roles and potential adverse effects. Methods: This research utilized the UKB-PPP database to access cis-protein quantitative trait locus (cis-pQTL) data, with SNHL data sourced from the FinnGen database as the endpoint for the MR causal analysis of drug targets. Colocalization analysis was employed to determine whether SNHL risk and protein expression share common SNPs. A phenotype-wide association analysis was conducted to assess the potential side effects of these targets. Drug prediction and molecular docking were subsequently used to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the identified targets. Results: Four drug target proteins significantly associated with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) were determined by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and co-localization analysis. These drug targets include LATS1, TEF, LMNB2, and OGFR and were shown to have fewer potential side effects when acting on these target proteins by phenotype-wide association analysis. Genes associated with sensorineural hearing loss are primarily implicated in the Hippo signaling pathway, cell–cell adhesion, and various binding regulatory activities and are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Next, drugs for the treatment of SNHL were screened by the DsigDB database and molecular docking, and the top 10 drugs were selected based on p-value. Among them, atrazine CTD 00005450 was identified as the most likely therapeutic target, followed by ampyrone HL60 DOWN and genistein CTD 00007324. In addition, LMNB2, LATS1, and OGFR could be intervened in by multiple drugs; however, fewer drugs intervened in TEF. Conclusion: This study has successfully identified four promising drug targets for SNHL, which are likely to be effective in clinical trials with minimal side effects. These findings could significantly streamline drug development for SNHL, potentially reducing the costs and time associated with pharmaceutical research and development.
Beyond the “Master” Role in Allergy: Insights into Intestinal Mast Cell Plasticity and Gastrointestinal Diseases
Authors: Molfetta Rosa , Carnevale Alessia , Marangio Caterina , Putro Erisa , Paolini Rossella
Published: January 2025

Mast cells (MCs) are essential components of the immune system that enter the circulation as immature bone marrow progenitors and differentiate in peripheral organs under the influence of microenvironment factors. As tissue-resident secretory immune cells, MCs rapidly detect the presence of bacteria and parasites because they harbor many surface receptors, which enable their activation via a multitude of stimuli. MC activation has been traditionally linked to IgE-mediated allergic reactions, but MCs play a pivotal role in different physiological and pathological processes. In gut, MCs are essential for the maintenance of gastrointestinal (GI) barrier function, and their interactions with neurons, immune cells, and epithelial cells have been related to various GI disorders. This review recapitulates intestinal MC roles in diseases with a main focus on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Emerging therapies targeting MCs and their mediators in clinical practices will also be discussed.
Recent Progress in PDMS-Based Microfluidics Toward Integrated Organ-on-a-Chip Biosensors and Personalized Medicine
Authors: Alghannam Fahad , Alayed Mrwan , Alfihed Salman , Sakr Mahmoud A. , Almutairi Dhaifallah , Alshamrani Naif , Al Fayez Nojoud
Published: January 2025

The organ-on-a-chip (OoC) technology holds significant promise for biosensors and personalized medicine by enabling the creation of miniature, patient-specific models of human organs. This review studies the recent advancements in the application of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidics for OoC purposes. It underscores the main fabrication technologies of PDMS microfluidic systems, such as photolithography, injection molding, hot embossing, and 3D printing. The review also highlights the crucial role of integrated biosensors within OoC platforms. These electrochemical, electrical, and optical sensors, integrated within the microfluidic environment, provide valuable insights into cellular behavior and drug response. Furthermore, the review explores the exciting potential of PDMS-based OoC technology for personalized medicine. OoC devices can forecast drug effectiveness and tailor therapeutic strategies for patients by incorporating patient-derived cells and replicating individual physiological variations, helping the healing process and accelerating recovery. This personalized approach can revolutionize healthcare by offering more precise and efficient treatment options. Understanding OoC fabrication and its applications in biosensors and personalized medicine can play a pivotal role in future implementations of multifunctional OoC biosensors.
Relationship Between Stressful Life Events and Depression Among Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Subcomponents of Executive Function
Authors: He Wenli , Hu Qiong , Wang Jiejie , Rao Yingbo , Cheng Chen , Fang Ping , Zhang Qiong , Lu Yunrong
Published: January 2025

Stressful life events are important risk factors in the development of adolescent depression. Executive function is significant in the stress–depression link. However, it is not clear whether there is a specific effect for subcomponents of executive function (working memory, inhibition, and shifting). Therefore, the present study recruited 213 adolescents (mean age (Mage) = 15.19 years, SD = 1.27, range = 12.00–18.00 years, and 53.00% girls) and measured their perceived stress using the questionnaire of the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist, working memory ability by two-back tasks, inhibition ability by Stroop tasks, and shifting ability by Wisconsin Card-Sorting tasks. Results showed that stressful life events positively correlated with adolescents’ depression, while stressful life events negatively linked with working memory and inhibition. Depression was negatively associated with working memory and inhibition. No significant correlation was found between shifting and either stressful life events or depression. Mediation analyses revealed that working memory and inhibition mediated the link between stressful life events and adolescent depression, while shifting did not show a mediating effect. Our findings provide further evidence for the precise effect of executive function in the stress–depression link, implicating that different subcomponents should be considered to provide targeted intervention to alleviate adolescents’ depressive symptoms.
Clinical and Pathological Staging Discrepancies in Laryngeal Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pecorari Giancarlo , Lorenzi Andrea , Caria Matteo , Motatto Gian Marco , Riva Giuseppe
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most prevalent and challenging malignancies of the head and neck. Clinical staging (cTNM) plays a pivotal role in therapeutic decision-making. However, current imaging modalities often fall short, resulting in discrepancies between cTNM and pathological staging (pTNM). This systematic review aimed to critically evaluate the existing literature on the concordance between clinical and pathological staging of LSCC, quantifying staging inaccuracies and highlighting the prevalence of both under- and overstaging at diagnosis. Methods: A comprehensive search of the English-language literature was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Eligibility was limited to retrospective case series and observational studies reporting sufficient data to directly correlate individual patients’ cTNM and pTNM classifications. Results: Thirty-one studies comprising 7939 patients met the inclusion criteria. The overall concordance rate between cT and pT was approximately 86.43%. The concordance rates between cT and pT were 82.41%, 82.03%, 78.14%, and 89.64% for cT1, cT2, cT3, and cT4, respectively. Most discordant cases in cT2 and cT3 involved understaging at clinical diagnosis. Conclusions: The limited accuracy of clinical staging in reflecting the true extent of disease remains a critical challenge in the management of LSCC. The inability of current imaging techniques to reliably detect the subtle invasion of key anatomical structures contributes to both under- and overstaging, with significant clinical implications. For patients undergoing non-surgical organ-preservation strategies, these inaccuracies may adversely affect oncologic outcomes.
Optimizing Osimertinib for NSCLC: Targeting Resistance and Exploring Combination Therapeutics
Authors: Liao Yan-You , Tsai Chia-Luen , Huang Hsiang-Po
Published: January 2025

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations present in a substantial proportion of patients. Third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKI), exemplified by osimertinib, have dramatically improved outcomes by effectively targeting the T790M mutation—a primary driver of acquired resistance to earlier-generation EGFR TKI. Despite these successes, resistance to third-generation EGFR TKIs inevitably emerges. Mechanisms include on-target mutations such as C797S, activation of alternative pathways like MET amplification, histologic transformations, and intricate tumor microenvironment (TME) alterations. These resistance pathways are compounded by challenges in tolerability, adverse events, and tumor heterogeneity. In light of these hurdles, this review examines the evolving landscape of combination therapies designed to enhance or prolong the effectiveness of third-generation EGFR TKIs. We explore key strategies that pair osimertinib with radiotherapy, anti-angiogenic agents, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and other molecularly targeted drugs, and we discuss the biological rationale, preclinical evidence, and clinical trial data supporting these approaches. Emphasis is placed on how these combinations may circumvent diverse resistance mechanisms, improve survival, and maintain a favorable safety profile. By integrating the latest findings, this review aims to guide clinicians and researchers toward more individualized and durable treatment options, ultimately enhancing both survival and quality of life for patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
Radiomics-Based Prediction of Treatment Response to TRuC-T Cell Therapy in Patients with Mesothelioma: A Pilot Study
Authors: Beaumont Hubert , Iannessi Antoine , Thinnes Alexandre , Jacques Sebastien , Quintás-Cardama Alfonso
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: T cell receptor fusion constructs (TRuCs), a next generation engineered T cell therapy, hold great promise. To accelerate the clinical development of these therapies, improving patient selection is a crucial pathway forward. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 23 mesothelioma patients (85 target tumors) treated in a phase 1/2 single arm clinical trial (NCT03907852). Five imaging sites were involved, the settings for the evaluations were Blinded Independent Central Reviews (BICRs) with double reads. The reproducibility of 3416 radiomics and delta-radiomics (Δradiomics) was assessed. The univariate analysis evaluated correlations at the target tumor level with (1) tumor diameter response; (2) tumor volume response, according to the Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Alliance; and (3) the mean standard uptake value (SUV) response, as defined by the positron emission tomography response criteria in solid tumors (PERCISTs). A random forest model predicted the response of the target pleural tumors. Results: Tumor anatomical distribution was 55.3%, 17.6%, 14.1%, and 10.6% in the pleura, lymph nodes, peritoneum, and soft tissues, respectively. Radiomics/Δradiomics reproducibility differed across tumor localizations. Radiomics were more reproducible than Δradiomics. In the univariate analysis, none of the radiomics/Δradiomics correlated with any response criteria. With an accuracy ranging from 0.75 to 0.9, three radiomics/Δradiomics were able to predict the response of target pleural tumors. Pivotal studies will require a sample size of 250 to 400 tumors. Conclusions: The prediction of responding target pleural tumors can be achieved using a machine learning-based radiomics/Δradiomics analysis. Tumor-specific reproducibility and the average values indicated that using tumor models to create an effective patient model would require combining several target tumor models.
Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome Exhibit Aberrant Expression of Endogenous Retroviruses and SETDB1
Authors: Tovo Pier-Angelo , Ribaldone Davide Giuseppe , Caviglia Gian Paolo , Calvi Cristina , Montanari Paola , Tizzani Marco , Pitoni Demis , Frara Simone , Tribocco Elisa , Gambarino Stefano , Guariglia Marta , Galliano Ilaria , Bergallo Massimiliano
Published: January 2025

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disease, whose etiopathogenesis is poorly understood. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) originate from ancient infections of germinal cells and represent 8% of our DNA. Most HERVs have become defective due to the accumulated mutations; some can, however, still be activated, and their altered expressions have been associated with a number of chronic inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders, including gastrointestinal diseases. Retroviral transcription is modulated by TRIM28 and SETDB1, which also participate in the regulation of epigenetic mechanisms and in shaping the immune system. Expressions of HERVs and TRIM28/SETDB1 have not been investigated in patients affected by IBS. Using a PCR real-time Taqman amplification assay, we explored the RNA levels of HERV-H-pol, HERV-K-pol, and HERV-W-pol; syncytin 1 (SYN1), SYN2, and HERV-W-env; and TRIM28 and SETDB1 in the peripheral blood of 37 IBS patients and healthy controls (HCs) of similar age. The transcript levels were higher in IBS patients than in HCs for all HERVs except for HERV-W-pol, with significant p-values for HERV-H-pol, HERV-K-pol, and SYN1 and borderline p-values for SYN2 and HERV-W-env. The RNA levels of SETDB1 were significantly enhanced in IBS patients, while those of TRIM28 were in the normal range. Patients with severe disease had significant upregulation of SETDB1 compared to those with mild or moderate symptoms. These findings suggest that overexpression of HERVs and SETDB1 may contribute to the development of IBS and open the way to innovative therapeutic strategies.
Classification of the Type of Contact Between Primary Molars as an Indicator of the Likelihood of Future Caries
Authors: Cortes Andrea , Ekstrand Kim Rud , Jácome-Liévano Sofía , Martignon Stefania
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Contact areas between first and second primary molars, shaped by concave/convex proximal surface morphology, are associated with proximal caries with concave surfaces linked to biofilm stagnation. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and clinical feasibility of a scoring system for classifying contact types (concave–concave, concave–convex, convex–convex, convex–concave) for dental practitioners. Methods: Following ethical approval and informed consent, 116 4–5-year-old children were enrolled. A calibrated examiner assessed caries on the distal of first molars and mesial of second molars using ICDAS-merged criteria and scored 464 proximal contacts clinically and radiographically. Stone models from silicone impressions were also scored by 17 trained practitioners, who repeated scoring a week later and assessed contacts clinically in six children. Practitioners completed a feasibility and satisfaction questionnaire. Results: Convex–convex contacts were most prevalent (58.6%), followed by convex–concave (32.6%). Contact type significantly correlated with caries (OR = 13.5; 95% CI: 6.4–28.3). Inter- and intra-examiner reproducibility ranged from 0.71 to 0.82. Most practitioners felt very (64.7%) or moderately (35.3%) capable of applying the system, found it low in difficulty (70.6%), and expressed high satisfaction (82.4%). Conclusions: The study indicated that it is possible for dental practitioners to classify the proximal contact types between primary molars both in an accurate and clinically feasible way. The system exhibited high reproducibility and practitioner satisfaction, indicating its potential as a valuable tool for identifying caries-prone surfaces and supporting evidence-based caries management.
Blunt Trauma and Diaphragm Injury in Children: An Analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank
Authors: Lai Sammie , Wilhelm Spencer , Morden Robert , Akay Begum , Novotny Nathan , Stallion Anthony , Brahmamdam Pavan
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Trauma is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in children. Traumatic diaphragm rupture (TDR) is a rare but serious injury that can be difficult to identify. The current literature includes individual case reports and single-center case series only, which limits our ability to generalize those findings. The purpose of this study is to use the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) in order to examine the clinical outcomes of blunt TDR in the pediatric population. Methods: We included patients from 0 to 18 years of age with blunt TDR using the NTDB from 2007 to 2017. Patient characteristics and demographics, mechanisms of injury, concomitant diagnoses, procedures, and clinical outcomes were extracted from the NTDB. Results: In this study, we identified a total of 88 pediatric patients with blunt TDR. The most common mechanism of injury was motor vehicle accidents (65%). The majority of these blunt TDR injuries were observed in males (73%) with a mean age of 12. Fractures of the spine and ribs (49%) and lacerations of the lungs (42%) were some of the most prevailing associated injuries. Seventy percent of patients were admitted to the ICU. In-hospital mortality was 6%. Conclusions: Overall, TDR is relatively unusual among the pediatric population, but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Any significant trauma to neighboring organs—the spine, ribs, and lungs—should heighten awareness of potential diaphragm injury.
Significance of Malic Enzyme 1 in Cancer: A Review
Authors: Fujiwara-Tani Rina , Nakashima Chie , Ohmori Hitoshi , Fujii Kiyomu , Luo Yi , Sasaki Takamitsu , Ogata Ruiko , Kuniyasu Hiroki
Published: January 2025

Malic enzyme 1 (ME1) plays a key role in promoting malignant phenotypes in various types of cancer. ME1 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and enhances stemness via glutaminolysis, energy metabolism reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. As a result, ME1 promotes the malignant phenotypes of cancer cells and poor patient prognosis. In particular, ME1 expression is promoted in hypoxic environments associated with hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1) α. ME1 is overexpressed in budding cells at the cancer invasive front, promoting cancer invasion and metastasis. ME1 also generates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADPH), which, together with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1), expands the NADPH pool, maintaining the redox balance in cancer cells, suppressing cell death by neutralizing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), and promoting stemness. This review summarizes the latest research insights into the mechanisms by which ME1 contributes to cancer progression. Because ME1 is involved in various aspects of cancer and promotes many of its malignant phenotypes, it is expected that ME1 will become a novel drug target in the near future.
Respiratory Muscle Injury Following Acute Monocled Cobra (Naja kaouthia) Envenoming: Histopathological Study in Rat Diaphragm
Authors: Chuaikhongthong Wanida , Khimmaktong Wipapan , Thipthong Natyamee , Lorthong Nissara , Chaisakul Janeyuth
Published: January 2025

Clinical symptoms of monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia) envenoming include the paralysis of extraocular muscles, local tissue necrosis and death through respiratory failure. These neurotoxic outcomes are mainly due to the inhibitory action of postsynaptic neurotoxins to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. However, injuries involving respiratory muscles have rarely been investigated. In this study, we determined the effect of N. kaouthia envenoming on morphological changes in the rat diaphragm. The efficacy of cobra monovalent antivenom in neutralising the histopathological effects of N. kaouthia venom was also evaluated. The intramuscular (i.m.) administration of N. kaouthia venom (2 mg/kg) caused skeletal muscle fibre atrophy and ruptures of myofibrils shown via a light microscope study. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the zig-zagging of the Z-band, mitochondrial damages and degeneration of the synaptic fold of the neuromuscular junction following experimental cobra envenoming for 4 h. Intravenous administration of cobra antivenom at manufacturer-recommended doses diminished histopathological changes in the diaphragm following the administration of cobra venom. The expression of NF-kB and MuRF1 in the experimentally N. kaouthia-envenomed diaphragm indicated inflammation and tissue atrophy in the immunofluorescence analysis, respectively. In this study, we found that there were respiratory muscle injuries following N. kaouthia envenoming. The early administration of monovalent N. kaouthia antivenom is capable of neutralising neurotoxic outcomes following cobra envenoming.
Factors Influencing Web Wrinkling in Roll-to-Roll Coating Production Systems
Authors: Ma Li’e , Yu Kanghui , Zhao Zhenlong , Guo Yi , Ma Yijun , Li Zehang , Wu Jimei
Published: January 2025

The web-wrinkle phenomenon always occurs in the roll-to-roll coating production process, which leads to the decline of coating quality and an increase in waste. A theoretical analysis of the phenomenon is presented, and a simulation research method is proposed for the study. The method is outlined as follows: Initially, the web’s surface on the guide roll is modeled as a thin shell, with the relationship between web displacement and strain established through the nonlinear large deflection theory. The differential equations of the web are derived based on the internal-force equilibrium relationship. Subsequently, the boundary conditions are established according to the transfer of the web on the guide roller’s surface, and the deflected surface functions satisfying these conditions are obtained. The static method was used to determine the critical load for a web wrinkle, considering the friction between the web and the guide roll. Finally, finite element simulation analysis was conducted to ascertain the factors affecting the critical wrinkling load of the web. Through the analysis, the accuracy of the formulas used to calculate the critical compression load of the web was determined. The critical wrinkling load increases with the web thickness, web tension, and modulus of elasticity. The critical compressive stress of a web wrinkle was found to be proportional to the web thickness, modulus of elasticity, tension, and coefficient of friction. The rational selection of these parameters provides a theoretical foundation for improving the quality of coating production.
Research on the Microstructure and Properties of Arc-Sprayed Austenitic Stainless Steel and Nickel-Based Alloy Composite Coatings with Different Spraying Distances
Authors: Yan Jingang , Yang Zhenming , Zhang Limin , Wang Jianxin
Published: January 2025

1Cr18Ni9Ti and Monel composite metal coatings with five different spraying distances were prepared by arc spraying technology. The density, hardness, friction, and wear properties and acid corrosion rate of the coatings with different spraying distances were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Rockwell hardness test, and friction and wear test. Research shows that the spraying distance has a significant effect on the density, hardness, porosity, friction, and wear properties and corrosion rate of the coating. When the spraying distance is 250 mm, the coating has the maximum density and hardness, the minimum porosity and corrosion rate, and the minimum friction coefficient and wear volume. Cu3.8ni and cr0.19fe0.7ni0.11 compounds in the coating have significant effects on the friction, wear, and hardness of the coating. The results show that too-high or too-low spraying distance will lead to pores and large particle agglomeration in the coating, which will affect the surface physical properties of the coating.
Orthodontic Management of Different Stages and Grades of Periodontitis According to the 2017 Classification of Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Hashim Nada Tawfig , Dasnadi Shahistha Parveen , Ziada Hassan , Rahman Muhammed Mustahsen , Ahmed Ayman , Mohammed Riham , Islam Md Sofiqul , Mascarenhas Rohan , Gismalla Bakri Gobara , Abubakr Neamat Hassan
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The 2017 Periodontal Classification offers a comprehensive framework for the diagnosis and management of periodontitis based on staging and grading criteria. Orthodontic therapy is increasingly incorporated into the management of periodontitis to rectify malocclusion, pathological tooth migration, and occlusal stability. Nonetheless, few data directly correspond with this revised classification scheme. The objective of this systematic review is to figure out the influence of orthodontic therapy on periodontal outcomes in patients with Stage III and IV periodontitis, as categorized by the 2017 framework. Methods: A systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 principles. The databases examined were PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The evaluation focuses on research published from 2012 to 2024. Seventeen studies were assessed after the application of the inclusion criteria. Key outcomes included clinical attachment level (CAL) improvement, probing depth (PD) decrease, and radiographic bone fill. Results: The integration of orthodontic treatment with periodontal therapy markedly enhanced CAL (mean gain: 4.35–5.96 mm), decreased PD (mean reduction: 3.1–6.3 mm), and facilitated radiographic bone regeneration (mean vertical fill: 4.89 mm). Patients with Stage IV Grade C periodontitis had the most significant improvement, especially with early orthodontic intervention subsequent to regenerative treatment. Prolonged follow-ups (up to 10 years) validated consistent results. Conclusions: Orthodontic intervention, as a supplementary measure to periodontal therapy, improves results in severe periodontitis, especially in Stage III and IV patients. These results underscore the need for multidisciplinary teamwork and defined protocols for including orthodontics in periodontitis therapy.
A Class of Anti-Windup Controllers for Precise Positioning of an X-Y Platform with Input Saturations
Authors: Chen Chung-Wei , Wu Hsiu-Ming , Nian Chau-Yih
Published: January 2025

The windup phenomenon occurs and results in performance degradation while the designed positioning controller output makes actuators saturated. This study presents significant and effective anti-windup controllers for performance improvement and comparison of the position tracking. To address real-world industrial scenarios, the trajectory with a T-curve velocity profile is planned to regulate hardware limitations and maintain efficiency throughout the control process. At first, the dynamic model of an inertia load for a servo control system is established using Newton’s law of motion. Then, anti-windup controllers are designed and implemented based on basic PID controllers. The conducted simulations validate its effectiveness and feasibility. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms achieve smaller overshoot and faster settling time under input saturations when executing specific paths on the X-Y platform, even though the given control commands change. It is verified that the proposed approaches can, indeed, effectively mitigate the windup phenomenon, leading to improved positioning accuracy in industrial applications.
Two-Step Process-Based Open-Circuit Fault Diagnosis for Three-Level NPC Converters
Authors: Zhang Wenli , Guan Bo , Chang Yujie
Published: January 2025

Fast open-circuit (OC) fault diagnosis is essential to ensure that a multilevel inverter operates under stable conditions. Conventional diagnosis methods either require additional hardware sensors or complex calculations. However, these conditions are difficult to realize in some low-cost application scenarios. For this reason, a two-step process-based OC fault diagnosis method is proposed according to available data that can be acquired using the existing sensors in the application. At the same time, the proposed method does not involve complex and precise calculation. By analyzing the effects of an OC fault on the AC-side three-phase current, the faulty bridge arm can be quickly located via the average current. Furthermore, through establishing the calculation model of the neutral point potential, an accurate diagnosis of faulty switching devices can be achieved quickly and easily based on the residuals. The proposed OC fault diagnosis method is also proved to be correct and effective based on simulation and experience.
Development of an AI-Based Image Analysis Model for Verifying Partial Defects in Nuclear Fuel Assemblies
Authors: Kim Seulah , Park Dayun , Choi Hyung-Joo , Min Chulhee , Ahn Jaejoon
Published: January 2025

The increase in the number of nuclear power plants utilized for achieving carbon neutrality has emphasized the importance of managing high-radiation spent nuclear fuel (SNF). Traditional inspection methods, such as gamma emission tomography (GET), have limitations in terms of detecting partial defects within SNF assemblies. This study aims to increase the accuracy of SNF defect detection by optimizing artificial intelligence (AI)-based classification algorithms. By using emission tomography image data acquired from 3 × 3 nuclear fuel assemblies, we compare the performance of neural network models (AlexNet, ResNet, and the squeeze-and-excitation network (SENet)) and tree-based ensemble models (extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), random forest model, and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM)). Our results show that the neural network models, particularly ResNet and SENet, achieve superior classification accuracy with limited training data. SENet in particular demonstrates high performance with fewer samples, indicating its defect detection effectiveness in scenarios with minimal data. Tree-based models such as XGBoost and LightGBM also exhibit high accuracy but are slightly less effective than the neural networks are. In conclusion, AI-based classification systems, especially those utilizing advanced neural networks, can significantly improve the inspection and management processes related to SNFs, ensuring safety and compliance in nuclear energy operations. Future work should explore these methodologies for larger configurations beyond 3 × 3 assemblies to further validate their effectiveness.
Broadband Characteristics of Target Strength of Pacific Chub Mackerel
Authors: Hasegawa Kohei , Yan Naizheng , Mukai Tohru , Fukuda Yoshiaki , Yamamoto Jun
Published: January 2025

Broadband backscattering measurements of Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus) can improve acoustic surveys of the species for the management of its fisheries throughout the Pacific Ocean. The determination of its target strength (TS), the logarithmic form of the backscattering cross-section, is the aim of this work. It was measured for fourteen individual specimens, eight in a freshwater tank and six in a seawater tank, using calibrated broadband echosounders spanning the frequency band 24–84 kHz. The TS is expressed as a function of frequency and tilt angle, with fish length as a parameter. The individual broadband TS patterns with the tilt angle of fish showed size and frequency dependencies. The fish length-normalized TS of mackerel decreased with increasing fish length-to-acoustic wavelength ratio (l/λ) in the small l/λ range (approximately 2–6) but was flat in the larger l/λ range (>6). This variation in the normalized TS indicates that a pair of regression equations is necessary to span the range of commercially important mackerel relative to the acoustic wavelength. The relative l/λ characteristic of the normalized TS showed constant values with tilt-angle distributions over a large l/λ range and can be used as a characteristic of acoustic backscattering for discrimination among species.
Black Sea Bass Centropristis striata Year Class Strength and Spatial Extent from Two Long-Term Surveys off the Southeast U.S. Atlantic Coast
Authors: Vecchio Julie L. , Finch Margaret W. , Spanik Kevin R. , Zimney Amy , Smart Tracey I.
Published: January 2025

The Southeastern U.S. Atlantic coast (North Carolina to Florida, U.S.A.) has undergone considerable environmental change in recent decades, including increasing coastal water temperature and human development. The region is also home to a diverse suite of exploited reef fish species, including the southern stock of black sea bass (Centropristis striata). The objective of the current study was to compare trends in black sea bass year class strength and central location captured by trawls (age 0) and traps (age 2) as well as compare those trends to regional bottom temperature. We found no correlation between age 0 and age 2 abundance when comparing the same year class, suggesting that the numbers of trawl-caught juveniles cannot predict the number of adults available to the fishery. Larger year classes observed in traps were correlated with centers of abundance farther south in the region, while smaller year classes corresponded with more northerly centers of abundance. In both trawls and traps, strong year classes occurred following years with below-average regional water temperatures, and a series of recent, weak year classes correspond with recent higher-than-average water temperatures. It is unclear whether correlations between shifting centers of abundance, year class strength, and regional bottom temperature indicate a range contraction for the southern stock of black sea bass or movement into areas previously inhabited by the northern stock of the species.
Children’s Menus at Fast Food Restaurants on the Uber Eats® Delivery App
Authors: Zapata-Quiroga Andrea , Lima João P. M. , Rocha Ada , Saavedra-Clarke Silvana , Durán-Agüero Samuel
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To evaluate the offer of children’s menus offered in fast food restaurants present in the Uber Eats delivery application through the Kids Menu Healthy Score ‘KIMEHS’ in Greater Santiago. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional. Research in fast food restaurants present in the Uber Eats delivery app. A total of 858 restaurants were selected. The KIMEHS was used to assess menu quality. KIMEHS index and descriptive statistics were calculated. Results: 558 restaurants were evaluated through the app; 57 offered children’s menus, yielding 114 children’s menu options from 18 different municipalities. The common offer was based on fried and/or processed lean meat accompanied by French fries in 71%. Moreover, 99% of the menus assessed obtained the minimum score in the KIMEHS placing them in the ‘not healthy at all’ category. When associations were made between foods and the lowest KIMEHS score quartile, the presence of chips had the strongest association (OR; 40.36: CI95% 11.43–201.08). Conclusions: Most restaurants offer a children’s menu of low nutritional quality and poor balance, where their dishes are commonly based on fried and processed products, pointing to the urgent need for legislation on guidelines to be applied on the different actors influencing the food offered to children.
Application of Composite Soaking Solution in Fillet Storage and Caco-2 Cell Antioxidant Repair
Authors: Shao Qing , Wang Zhongqiang , Yi Shumin
Published: January 2025

The inhibitory effect of compound soaking solution on the quality deterioration of fish fillets during storage and its repair effect on a cell oxidative damage model were investigated. Water holding capacity, cooking loss, thawing loss, thiobarbituric acid and sensory evaluation were used to verify that the composite soaking solution could improve the water loss and quality deterioration of fillets during frozen storage. At 180 d, water holding capacity was increased by 4.59% in the compound soaking solution group compared with the control. Cooking loss decreased by 6.47%, and thawing loss decreased by 13.06% (p < 0.05). The TBA value was reduced by 50%, and the degree of lipid oxidation was lower (p < 0.05). The results of the microstructure analysis showed that the tissue structure of fillets treated by the compound soaking solution was more orderly. The oxidative damage model of cells was achieved by soaking in treated fish fillet digestive juice, which inhibited the increase in reactive oxygen species content, maintained the integrity of the cell structure, and increased cell viability by 32.24% (p < 0.05). Compound soaking solution treatment could inhibit the quality deterioration of fish fillets during storage, and the digestive solution of fish fillets could improve the oxidative stress injury of Caco-2 cells induced by H2O2.
Arterial Blood Gas Analysis and Clinical Decision-Making in Emergency and Intensive Care Unit Nurses: A Performance Evaluation
Authors: Zaboli Arian , Biasi Chiara , Magnarelli Gabriele , Miori Barbara , Massar Magdalena , Pfeifer Norbert , Brigo Francesco , Turcato Gianni
Published: January 2025

Background: This study aimed to evaluate Emergency Department and Intensive Care Unit nurses’ skills in interpreting blood gas analysis results and to use those interpretations in clinical decision-making. Methods: In this prospective, multicenter, simulation-based study, nurses from the Emergency Department (ED) of Merano Hospital and the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Bolzano Hospital, Italy, were presented with 16 clinical vignettes based on real patient cases. These vignettes were designed to evaluate the nurses’ ability to identify patients with time-dependent conditions and recommend appropriate therapeutic interventions. Outcomes measured included sensitivity, specificity, and agreement with physician-assigned urgency levels and therapy recommendations. Results: Among the 43 participants (26 ICU and 17 ED nurses), specificity in excluding patients without time-dependent conditions or organ replacement needs was high. However, sensitivity in identifying time-dependent conditions was less than 50%. Agreement with physician-assigned urgency levels was low, with Cohen’s kappa values of 0.139 for ICU nurses and 0.218 for ED nurses. Nurses with lower self-confidence in interpreting BGA results made more errors, while other personal or professional factors did not significantly impact performance. Conclusions: Although critical care nurses can effectively rule out patients without time-dependent conditions, their ability to identify such conditions requires improvement. These findings underscore the need for targeted training programs to enhance nurses’ BGA interpretation skills and clinical decision-making in high-pressure, time-sensitive situations.
Self-Reported Long COVID and Its Impact on COVID-19-Related Worries and Behaviors After Lifting the COVID-19 Restrictions in China
Authors: Yang Ziying , Tang Yihan , Kong Lingyu , Wang Xu , Li Jinghua , Hao Yuantao , Wang Zhiwei , Gu Jing
Published: January 2025

Objective: Since the lifting of the COVID-19 restrictions in China in November 2022, there has been a notable surge in the COVID-19 infection rate. Little is known about the prevalence of long COVID among the general adult population and its impact on COVID-19-related worries and behaviors after the policy change. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 1530 adults with prior COVID-19 infection in Guangzhou from February to March 2023. Logistic regression analyses and trend analyses were performed to investigate the associations between long COVID- and COVID-19-related worries and preventive behaviors. Results: The estimated prevalence of long COVID among adults in China was 18.0% (95% confidence interval: 16.1% to 20.0%). Common long COVID symptoms included cough (60.7%), fatigue (47.6%), dyspnea (34.5%), palpitation (26.2%), and insomnia (25.1%). Adjusted for background variables, individuals with long COVID exhibited higher level of COVID-19-related worries compared to those who had fully recovered from the infection (reference: without long COVID; adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.87 to 2.55, all p values < 0.001). Participants primarily expressed worries regarding the potential for COVID-19 reinfection, the impact of the pandemic on daily life, the increasing number of COVID-19 cases and deaths, and the capacity of the healthcare system. While long COVID did not statistically significantly affect their preventive behaviors. Conclusions: Long COVID was prevalent among the general adult population in China after lifting the COVID-19 restrictions, and it had a significant impact on COVID-19-related worries. This study highlights the importance of monitoring the mental health of individuals with long COVID and developing targeted intervention strategies to improve their adherence to preventive measures.
Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Childbearing Motivations Scale
Authors: Gattamelata Antonio , Coccia Maria Elisabetta , Fioravanti Giulia , Zurkirch Vanessa Prisca , Moyano Nieves
Published: January 2025

The Childbearing Motivations Scale (CMS) is a multidimensional self-report measure of positive and negative motivations influencing the decision to become a parent. This study aimed to validate the Italian version of the CMS. A sample of 522 participants (27% men and 73% women) aged from 18 to 55 years was recruited. The four-factor model for the positive subscale and the five-factor model for the negative subscale of the CMS demonstrated a good fit. Reliability values ranged from 0.70 to 0.91. Both factors had evidence for convergent validity with sex, age, and relationship duration: women reported lower in some of the negative motivations to become a mother in contrast to men. Moreover, the greater the age, the lower the negative motivations for becoming a parent. Those in a longer relationship indicated lower negative motivations. No significant correlations were found for the positive motivations subscale. Significant differences were found for income levels (low vs. medium/high) regarding personal fulfillment, financial problems, and body-image concerns, as well as in cultural levels (medium vs. high) concerning economic constraints, intergenerational continuity, immaturity, and physical suffering. These findings suggest that individuals with lower economic resources scored higher across all these areas on the Negative Childbearing Motivations subscale. Our findings indicate that the CMS can be used to reliably assess the motivations for parenthood among Italian men and women.
Water Insecurity in the Jordan Valley: Community Perspectives on Its Impacts on Maternal and Child Health
Authors: Walther Antonia , Shaheen Amira , Zubeidat Hamza , Shakhshir Ghassan , Hajat Shakoor
Published: January 2025

The Jordan Valley in the West Bank in Palestine provides a unique social, environmental, and geopolitical context in regard to the global challenge of water insecurity, where its impacts on child and maternal health are only partly understood. Existing research has been largely limited to investigations of water quantity/quality and direct health outcomes, such as infectious disease. This qualitative study aimed to provide a holistic perspective of the challenge of water insecurity and child health, by investigating household water insecurity in Palestine. Focus group discussions explored the lived experiences of women from marginalized communities. These were then thematically analyzed, in reference to social theory. The study identified context-specific aspects of water insecurity, shaped by the background in Palestine involving the occupation and ongoing violent conflict in the area. These challenges disproportionately affect women, who are primarily responsible for water management within their communities, leading to embodied experiences, heightened negative emotions, and increased conflict, both within households and the broader community. Consequently, these stressors heavily impact children: limited caretaking time, due to economic pressures, children’s involvement in water-related tasks, and the disruption of social cohesion at both the community and household level, ultimately affect their physical and mental health and their ability to learn and play. Our findings could guide research and policy efforts in developing context-sensitive tools, such as a child water stress index for Palestine.
A Hope for Hope: Refocusing Health Promotion on Hopefulness to Reduce Alcohol Consumption and Breast Cancer
Authors: Ward Paul R. , Foley Kristen , Warin Megan , Palmer Catherine , MacLean Sarah , Lunnay Belinda
Published: January 2025

Our perspective paper focuses on the sociology of hope and is a call to action for health promotion policy makers to create the conditions for hopefulness in alcohol reduction policy, advocacy and programs for/with midlife women. Alcohol is a major risk factor for breast cancer, and high proportions of midlife women in most high-income countries drink at “risky” levels, increasing the chances of breast cancer (due to both age and alcohol consumption). At present, alcohol reduction approaches convey mostly individualised risk messages and imply personal responsibility for behaviour change, stripped from contexts, and heavy drinking persists among groups. New approaches that address the social norms, identities and practices that operate to sustain heavy drinking are necessary considering alcohol harms. We argue that focusing on changing these factors to support hopeful futures may create hope for midlife women to reduce alcohol consumption. We synthesise contemporary theories on the sociology of hope and analyse how these might help to refocus health promotion policy on hopefulness in the context of alcohol reduction and breast cancer prevention. We will draw on Freire’s notions of a Pedagogy of Oppression and a Pedagogy of Hope to show how enabling people to recognise and respond to the “oppressive forces” shaping their alcohol consumption might lead to more hopeful futures with reduced alcohol consumption for priority populations. Our focus on building hope into health-promoting alcohol reduction approaches intends to shift policy focus from the individual as the “problem” towards hope being a “solution”.