bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel nanoparticles spilled-over In2O3 microcubes-enabled sustainable chemiresistor for environmental carbon dioxide monitoring
Authors: Gautam Ratindra , Singh Ajeet , Verma Arpit , Nautiyal Vivek Kumar , Yadav B C , Chaudhary Vishal
Published: July 2024

Achieving sustainable future energy goals includes enhancing renewable energy production, optimizing daily energy consumption using feedback loops and minimizing/monitoring contributions to atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Developing economic next-generation CO2 sensors enables local monitoring of industrial CO2 emissions, aiding energy management and climate monitoring. This study elucidates the efficacy of CO2 chemiresistor based on indium oxide (In2O3) micro cubes with spilled-over nanoparticles. The investigation primarily focuses on fabricating and optimising In2O3-based CO2 chemiresistors utilizing a hydrothermal technique, creating porous micro cubes essential for enhanced CO2 monitoring. As revealed by various characterization techniques, the minimum crystallite size was found to be 24.92 nm with optimum porosity and a high surface-to-volume ratio comprising spilled-over nanoparticle morphology. The fabricated chemiresistor demonstrated excellent CO2 sensing efficacy with a maximum response of around 4.1% at room temperature with selectivity, repeatability, and reversible sensing behavior. The sensing mechanism has been revealed, which is supported by theoretical density functional theory evaluations. Notably, the sensing results reveal the capability of In2O3-based sensors to detect CO2 at low concentrations as low as ⩽10 ppm, which enables the chemiresistor for practical implementation in diverse sectors to achieve sustainability.
Travelling pulses on three spatial scales in a Klausmeier-type vegetation-autotoxicity model
Authors: Carter Paul , Doelman Arjen , Iuorio Annalisa , Veerman Frits
Published: July 2024

Reaction-diffusion models describing interactions between vegetation and water reveal the emergence of several types of patterns and travelling wave solutions corresponding to structures observed in real-life. Increasing their accuracy by also considering the ecological factor known as autotoxicity has lead to more involved models supporting the existence of complex dynamic patterns. In this work, we include an additional carrying capacity for the biomass in a Klausmeier-type vegetation-water-autotoxicity model, which induces the presence of two asymptotically small parameters: ɛ, representing the usual scale separation in vegetation-water models, and δ, directly linked to autotoxicity. We construct three separate types of homoclinic travelling pulse solutions based on two different scaling regimes involving ɛ and δ, with and without a so-called superslow plateau. The relative ordering of the small parameters significantly influences the phase space geometry underlying the construction of the pulse solutions. We complement the analysis by numerical continuation of the constructed pulse solutions, and demonstrate their existence (and stability) by direct numerical simulation of the full partial differential equation model.
Coupled axial and transverse currents method for finite element modelling of periodic superconductors
Authors: Dular Julien , Magnus Fredrik , Schnaubelt Erik , Verweij Arjan , Wozniak Mariusz
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we propose the Coupled Axial and Transverse currents (I) (CATI) method, as an efficient and accurate finite element approach for modelling the electric and magnetic behavior of periodic composite superconducting conductors. The method consists of a pair of two-dimensional models coupled via circuit equations to account for the conductor geometrical periodicity. This allows to capture three-dimensional effects with two-dimensional models and leads to a significant reduction in computational time compared to conventional three-dimensional models. After presenting the method in detail, we verify it by comparison with reference finite element models, focussing on its application to twisted multifilamentary superconducting strands. In particular, we show that the CATI method captures the transition from uncoupled to coupled filaments, with accurate calculation of the interfilament coupling time constant. We then illustrate the capabilities of the method by generating detailed loss maps and magnetization curves of given strand types for a range of external transverse magnetic field excitations, with and without transport current.
Horizontal homing laser for high repetitive inertial fusion
Authors: Agatsuma Kazuhiro , Suzuki Kohei , Sugimoto Takuya , Matsuo Kazuki , Takahashi Kenjiro , Sato Eiji , Hayashi Neisei , Ishii Katsuhiro , Mori Yoshitaka
Published: July 2024

For a commercial laser inertial fusion energy reactor, a highly repetitive operation in which many fuel pellets must be illuminated by laser spots. One of the most efficient ways to achieve this is to control the laser pointing by following fluctuations of the target position. The paper shows the precise control of laser pointing in the horizontal direction with a repetition rate of 10 Hz. Free-falling test pellets of 1 mm in diameter have been illuminated by a laser of 1.6 mm in diameter with cancellation of horizontal fluctuation over 4 mm. The difference in centroids between the laser spot and the illuminated test pellets is 86 μm (standard deviation). This corresponds to a 92% engagement within a 0.15 mm difference, which is a condition for successful nuclear fusions at the Hamamatsu facility. This is the proof-of-principle demonstration of the target-supply tracking and homing laser at a repetition rate of 10 Hz for the actualization of a commercial reactor.
The tourism improvement potential through waste management for along Jakarta coastline
Authors: Akbar H I , Koda S H A , Dewi R S , Amalia S R , Novindra  , Sapanli K
Published: July 2024

As Indonesia’s capital, Jakarta has great potential as a tourist destination with its beautiful and captivating beaches. However, coastal waste management issue has become a significant barrier in maximizing the tourism potential in coastal area. The primary objective of this study is to determine how investing in coastal waste management might improve tourism along Jakarta’s shore, with 4 sub-objectives: 1. Identification of waste management practices around Jakarta’s rivers, 2. Identification of total suspended material in the Jakarta Bay coastline, 3. Analysis of Jakarta tourism trends, and 4. Benefits of coastal waste management for the sustainability of tourism in the Jakarta coast. This research employed quantitative data and analyze the correlation between the number of tourist visits and the amount of waste in Jakarta. The research found that waste transportation expenditure in Jakarta’s rivers ranges from IDR 2.9-9 billion per month. The highest contributor of materials to the Jakarta Bay coastline comes from rivers in Kalibaru Barat & Cakung, Kanal Barat & Ciliwung, and Cengkareng areas. While tourist visits to other places decreased, Jakarta saw an increase in visitors in 2018 and 2019, a 23% decrease in 2020, and then a subsequent increase. Coastal waste management investments boost Jakarta coast tourism.
Examining the participation in sustainability assessments among higher education institutions in the Philippines
Authors: Baraero-Era J
Published: July 2024

The research aims to achieve the following: firstly, to identify the array of tools available for evaluating and overseeing sustainability endeavors in HEIs; secondly, to identify the HEIs in the Philippines that have actively participated in sustainable assessments; and thirdly, to propose future directions for reinforcing sustainable development initiatives among HEIs. A literature review on the sustainable assessment tools for HEIs resulted in the identification of eleven (11) sustainable assessment tools available online. These assessment tools examined showed that twenty-three (23) HEIs in the Philippines participated in various sustainable assessments. By conducting a content analysis, these HEIs were assessed based on factors such as their institutional classification, ownership, geographical distribution across regions, as well as an evaluation of their vision-mission statements and their alignment with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in their sustainable development programs. Conclusions and recommendations offered the strengthening of the recognition and significance of undergoing assessments as a systematic mechanism to align, monitor, and sustain the sustainability efforts of HEIs in the Philippines and the rest of the world.
Analysis of tourism destination management strategies of angke kapuk mangrove nature tourism park as an ecotourism destination in North Jakarta to increase interest in returns
Authors: Sofiani  , Rosanto S , Adinugroho G
Published: July 2024

Reduced tourist visitation have left the Angke Kapuk Mangrove Nature Tourist Park increasingly unkempt and degraded in supporting facilities. The lack of awareness and good management on the part of the organizers has resulted in a decline in the number of tourist visits to the Angke Kapuk Mangrove Nature Tourism Park. The aim of this research is to find out what management strategies are implemented in the Angke Kapuk Mangrove Nature Tourism Park area to increase tourist interest in returning to visit. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive research method. Researchers collect primary and secondary data through interviews, observation, and documentation. The analytical method used by researchers is the interactive model analysis method from Milles, Huberman, and Saldana which includes data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Tourist interviews showed that the Angke Kapuk Mangrove Nature Tourism Park Area’s management approach to protect the forest is still poor, where management in terms of facilities and cleanliness is very low and the level of awareness of tourists in maintaining cleanliness and hygiene. maintaining the available facilities is also very low, resulting in a lot of rubbish and damage to the various available facilities.
The mediating role of sustainable product innovation in the relationship between green marketing and customer satisfaction: an empirical
Authors: Djunaid I S , Vishnuvardhana
Published: July 2024

In an increasingly environmentally conscious era, sustainable product innovation has become a key focus for many companies. This innovation aims to develop products that not only meet consumer needs, but also reduce negative impacts on the environment. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of green marketing on customer satisfaction through sustainable product innovation as an intervening variable with the object of research at one of the café in South Jakarta. The sample in this study were 100 visitors. This research uses a quantitative descriptive approach. The results of this study show: 1) Green marketing has a significant influence on customer satisfaction 2) Green marketing has a significant influence on sustainable product innovation. 3) Sustainable product innovation has a significant influence on customer satisfaction. 4) Green marketing has a significant influence on tourist satisfaction through sustainable product innovation as an intervening variable.
Assessing the implementation of waste management retribution related to Bogor tourism sustainable
Authors: Anggraini S T , Ekayani M , Abidin Z , Suryana H
Published: July 2024

This research was conducted in Bogor, Indonesia, to study the implementation of waste management retribution since Bogor is a tourism destination. Over the years, the population of Bogor has been steadily increasing, as well as tourists visiting, which led to a rise in waste generation and subsequent pollution. Bogor waste management primarily involves collecting, transporting, and depositing at the final processing place (TPA) Galuga, which may result in adverse environmental impacts. To overcome these issues, Bogor has set ambitious targets of reducing waste by 30% and handling 70% of it to achieve the 12.5 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and concept of Green Tourism. The Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) will encourage responsible waste handling among communities. So, waste management retribution is based on PPP, such as waste sorting at the source, waste payment fees, and public awareness among communities. The method used in this research is a survey using a questionnaire to community with a three-scenario approach offered. The findings in this research revealed distinctions in the behaviors between non-residents and residential communities. Overall, sustain tourism and maintain positive image for tourist destinations in Bogor requires the implementation of comprehensive and active engagement from all stakeholders, including the local community.
Empowering the ASEAN Community through Digitalization of Agriculture for Rural Tourism Development: An NVIVO Analysis
Authors: Lalisan A K , Fresnido M B R , Ramli H R , Aung A , Utama A A G S , Khairani  , Ating R
Published: July 2024

The ASEAN region is well known as an agrarian-based country that produces staple foods such as rice for the ASEAN community. With the advancement of technology, agriculture has started to transition from traditional-based practices to modernized practices by incorporating technology into the agriculture industry. The need for literature regarding the role of digital technologies in promoting and enhancing rural tourism was the primary motivation for this paper. Integrating digital platforms into the agritourism industry by implementing an online booking and payment system and providing an avenue for marketing is currently the new wave of technology development. The proponents employed secondary data analysis in this study. A thematic analysis using NVivo software analyzed fifty-three (53) literature materials to achieve the study’s results. This material comprises journal articles from reputable outlets such as Scopus and Web of Science (WoS articles comprised Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Laos, Philippines, and Thailand) and non-reputable outlets, book chapters, newspaper excerpts, and government and independent reports from some ASEAN countries (i.e. Myanmar, ASEAN). The result showed that the six themes based on word cloud analysis include agriculture/agriculture, technology, information, development, farmers, digital, and government. These themes equate to factors that lead to what agriculture needs and how digital technologies promote and enhance rural tourism and community empowerment in ASEAN.
The challenges in establishing conservation-based ecotourism in the human-elephant conflict outside protected area: a literature review
Authors: Sulistianti E W , Basuni S , Hernowo J B , Purnomo H
Published: July 2024

Most people who live near elephant ecosystems view elephants as aggressive, dangerous animals and pests as if the ecosystem disservices them. Interaction between humans and elephants living outside protected areas inevitably leads to conflict that causes agricultural land damage and wild elephant killings. The human-elephant conflict would become more complex because there are many stakeholders involved with various influences and interests, which makes human-elephant coexistence difficult to achieve. This paper aims to review wild elephant-based ecotourism challenges and formulate the challenges of ecotourism outside protected areas. The results of the challenges are reviewed in the constructions of socioeconomic and ecology. Such knowledge can be used to evaluate the applicability of potential technical solutions to reshape the negative interactions of humans and wildlife into opportunities for ecosystem services.
Indigenous environmental perceptions on the use of cultural keystone species for tourism development
Authors: Elviandri Y , Yunia O A , Hamzah S W
Published: July 2024

Cultural Keystone Species (CKS) including animals and plants, are inseparable from their use in culture by indigenous peoples. The existence of CKS can encourage community participation in efforts to preserve biodiversity, for instance through tourism. The approach of CKS is not only the steps to maintain a culture but also impacts environmental sustainability and increases income through tourism. This study aims to identify indigenous peoples’ ecological perception in using CKS for tourism development. The research was conducted in Lempur Mudik Village, Gunung Raya District, Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province, at Lekuk 50 Tumbi community and Kerinci Seblat National Park (TNKS). This research was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively. The data collection method is interviewing using questionnaire instruments with three statements related to the environmental perception of indigenous peoples—nonprobability sampling with 90 respondents representing three areas in Lempur Mudik Village. The results showed that all communities (100%) agreed that CKS plants were developed for tourism development. However, only 95.5% of people agree that the animal decree is developed for tourism development. Most (97.7%) have a perception that tourism development will have a positive impact on species sustainability. It is due to knowledge factors and environmental situations that affect their perception.
Existence of the Teras Sunda Cibiru as a preserving Sundanese traditional arts
Authors: Hidayat T , Putri  , Rahman  , Nabilah
Published: July 2024

The national legacy of the Sundanese people is their culture, which is being conserved for upcoming generations. But as time passes, an increasing proportion of youth are becoming less aware of the history, customs, and culture that form the basis of Indonesian identity. The goal of this study is to increase local artists’ and stakeholders’ understanding of the importance of preserving and advancing Sundanese traditional art, which has the potential to enrich traditions as a source of identity, income, and economic productivity. The project involved monitoring Teras Sunda Cibiru and working to make it more prevalent. The research was carried out by employing a qualitative method with triangulation techniques. The primary data was obtained from experts in the field of art, while secondary data was acquired from literature reviews. The findings of this study aim to conserve Sundanese traditional arts through Teras Sunda Cibiru, as well as efforts to increase the existence. efforts to increase existence the Teras Sunda Cibiru that have been carried out by stakeholders and artists can become a center for the preservation and enhancement of the sustainable existence of traditional Sundanese art, as well as a place for people to learn, appreciate the rich cultural heritage.
Gayo Lut traditional cuisines for culinary-based ecotourism in Central Aceh
Authors: Pangaribuan I J P
Published: July 2024

Transferring traditional cuisine knowledge is crucial to ensure ecosystem health and food security. Urbanisation threatens culinary replacement and the community’s mother tongue. This study aims to record the diversity of Gayo Lut Traditional Cuisine (GLTC), Mude Nosar Village, Central Aceh Regency, to assess Central Aceh’s gastro-tourism potential for environmental and cultural preservation. Collection methods included freelisting, field observation, and literature study. 32 Gayo Lut people were crucial informants and had traditional knowledge. In the first phase of the research was asked to mention 25 traditional Gayo Lut cuisine. The second is through in-depth interviews to explore knowledge related to cuisine terminology. The results of the study noted 134 GLTC and showed that the 25 most potential traditional dishes with the highest salience index are Macam Jing Jahir (0.686) and Kupi (0.584) which have an authentic taste of sour and spicy. Food plant elements from 25 species with different phytochemical composition indicate how GLTC supports community health. This research demonstrates the potential for GLTC to serve as a gastro-tourism destination to promote cultural branding and the transfer of traditional knowledge. Traditional food highlights how the community and environment interact to collect ingredients and conserve local biodiversity.
Ninein domains required for its localization, association with partners dynein and ensconsin, and microtubule organization
Authors: Tillery Marisa M. L. , Zheng Chunfeng , Zheng Yiming , Megraw Timothy L.
Published: July 2024

Ninein (Nin) is a microtubule (MT) anchor at the subdistal appendages of mother centrioles and the pericentriolar material (PCM) of centrosomes that also functions to organize MTs at noncentrosomal MT-organizing centers (ncMTOCs). In humans, the NIN gene is mutated in Seckel syndrome, an inherited developmental disorder. Here, we dissect the protein domains involved in Nin’s localization and interactions with dynein and ensconsin (ens/MAP7) and show that the association with ens cooperatively regulates MT assembly in Drosophila fat body cells. We define domains of Nin responsible for its localization to the ncMTOC on the fat body cell nuclear surface, localization within the nucleus, and association with Dynein light intermediate chain (Dlic) and ens, respectively. We show that Nin’s association with ens synergistically regulates MT assembly. Together, these findings reveal novel features of Nin function and its regulation of a ncMTOC.
Characterization of hyperactive mutations in the renal potassium channel ROMK uncovers unique effects on channel biogenesis and ion conductance
Authors: Nguyen Nga H. , Sheng Shaohu , Banerjee Anupam , Guerriero Christopher J. , Chen Jingxin , Wang Xueqi , Mackie Timothy D. , Welling Paul A. , Kleyman Thomas R. , Bahar Ivet , Carlson Anne E. , Brodsky Jeffrey L.
Published: July 2024

Hypertension affects one billion people worldwide and is the most common risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet a comprehensive picture of its underlying genetic factors is incomplete. Amongst regulators of blood pressure is the renal outer medullary potassium (ROMK) channel. While select ROMK mutants are prone to premature degradation and lead to disease, heterozygous carriers of some of these same alleles are protected from hypertension. Therefore, we hypothesized that gain-of-function (GoF) ROMK variants which increase potassium flux may predispose people to hypertension. To begin to test this hypothesis, we employed genetic screens and a candidate-based approach to identify six GoF variants in yeast. Subsequent functional assays in higher cells revealed two variant classes. The first group exhibited greater stability in the endoplasmic reticulum, enhanced channel assembly, and/or increased protein at the cell surface. The second group of variants resided in the PIP2-binding pocket, and computational modeling coupled with patch-clamp studies demonstrated lower free energy for channel opening and slowed current rundown, consistent with an acquired PIP2-activated state. Together, these findings advance our understanding of ROMK structure-function, suggest the existence of hyperactive ROMK alleles in humans, and establish a system to facilitate the development of ROMK-targeted antihypertensives.
SIRT3/AMPK Signaling Pathway Regulates Lipid Metabolism and Improves Vulnerability to Atrial Fibrillation in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats
Authors: Wang Xiu-Heng , Ning Zhi-Hong , Xie Zhong , Ou Yun , Yang Jia-Yang , Liu Yun-Xi , Huang Hong , Tang Hui-Fang , Jiang Zhi-Sheng , Hu Heng-Jing
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Hypertension may result in atrial fibrillation (AF) and lipid metabolism disorders. The Sirtuins3 (SIRT3)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway has the capacity to regulate lipid metabolism disorders and the onset of AF. We hypothesize that the SIRT3/AMPK signaling pathway suppresses lipid metabolism disorders, thereby mitigating salt-sensitive hypertension (SSHT)-induced susceptibility to AF.

METHODS

The study involved 7-week-old male Dahl salt-sensitive that were fed either a high-salt diet (8% NaCl; DSH group) or a normal diet (0.3% NaCl; DSN group). Then DSH group was administered either oral metformin (MET, an AMPK agonist) or intraperitoneal injection of Honokiol (HK, a SIRT3 agonist). This experimental model allowed for the measurement of Systolic blood pressure (SBP), the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related biomarkers, pathological examination of atrial fibrosis, and lipid accumulation, as well as AF inducibility and AF duration.

RESULTS

DSH decrease SIRT3, phosphorylation-AMPK, and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, (VLCAD) expression, increased FASN and FABP4 expression and concentrations of free fatty acid and triglyceride, atrial fibrosis and lipid accumulation in atrial tissue, enhanced level of SBP, promoted AF induction rate and prolonged AF duration, which are blocked by MET and HK. Our results also showed that the degree of atrial fibrosis was negatively correlated with VLCAD expression, but positively correlated with the expression of FASN and FABP4.

CONCLUSIONS

We have confirmed that a high-salt diet can result in hypertension, and associated atrial tissue lipid metabolism dysfunction. This condition is linked to the inhibition of the SIRT3/AMPK signaling pathway, which plays a significant role in the progression of susceptibility to AF in SSHT rats.
Stomatal behaviour and water relations in ferns and lycophytes across habits and habitats
Authors: Prats Kyra A , Roddy Adam B , Brodersen Craig R
Published: July 2024

Stomatal anatomy and behaviour are key to managing gas exchange fluxes, which require coordination with the plant vascular system to adequately supply leaves with water. Stomatal response times and regulation of water loss are generally understudied in ferns, especially across habits (i.e. epiphytic and terrestrial) and habitats (i.e. wet mesic and dry xeric environments). Our objectives were to (i) determine if hydraulic and anatomical traits that control water use are correlated with their habitats (i.e. xeric, mesic) and habits (i.e. epiphytic, terrestrial) for ferns and lycophytes across taxa, and (ii) explore how those traits and others like average leaf water residence time correlate with stomatal function using a subset of closely related species. Epiphytic species had lower vein densities than terrestrial species, while xeric species had higher vein densities than mesic species. Xeric ferns also had smaller stomata than mesic ferns but had similar stomatal densities. Further, in a subset of mesic and xeric ferns, the xeric ferns had higher maximum stomatal conductance and water content, as well as shorter average stomatal opening responses to light intensity, but stomatal closing times did not differ. Finally, shorter stomatal opening and closing responses were correlated with shorter water residence time. Our study highlights anatomical and physiological differences between ferns and lycophytes, which may partially explain habitat preference based on their optimization of light and water.
Phenotypic and genotypic risk factors for invasive melanoma by sex and body site
Authors: Olsen Catherine M , Pandeya Nirmala , Neale Rachel E , Law Matthew H , Whiteman David C
Published: July 2024

Background

Cutaneous melanoma incidence varies consistently across body sites between men and women, but the underlying causes of these differences remain unclear. To date, no prospective studies have examined risk factors for melanoma separately for men and women according to body site.

Objectives

We aimed to examine the association between identified constitutional, genetic and environmental risk factors for invasive melanoma of different body sites among men and women.

Methods

We compared the association between constitutional, genetic and environmental risk factors for invasive melanoma on different body sites separately for men and women in a population-based prospective cohort study of 17 774 men and 21 070 women aged between 40 and 69 years who were residents of Queensland, Australia at baseline in 2011. Participants were followed until December 2021. We examined risk factors including hair colour, tanning ability, naevus density and proxies for high cumulative sun exposure, all self-reported at baseline. We also examined polygenic risk score (PRS) derived from summary statistics from a melanoma genome-wide association study meta-analysis.

Results

During a median 10.4 years of follow-up, 455 men and 331 women developed an incident invasive melanoma; the mean age at diagnosis was lower in women than in men (62.6 vs. 65.0 years). The most common body site was the trunk in men (45.1%), and the upper (36.8%) and lower limbs (27.4%) in women. High naevus density and proxy measures of high cumulative sun exposure were similarly associated with melanoma at all sites in men and women. In both sexes, high genetic risk was associated with melanoma on all body sites except the head and neck. We observed differences between men and women in the association between PRS and melanoma of the trunk [highest vs. lowest tertile of PRS: hazard ratio (HR) 2.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64–4.69 for men; HR 1.55, 95% CI 0.63–3.80 for women] and nonsignificant but large differences for the lower limbs (HR 5.25, 95% CI 1.80–15.27 for men; HR 1.75, 95% CI 0.88–3.47 for women).

Conclusions

While there are a number of potential explanations for these findings, this raises the possibility that genetic factors other than those related to pigmentation and naevus phenotypes may play a role in the predilection for melanoma to arise on different sites in men and women.
Hepatitis C Virus Reinfection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men With HIV in New York City
Authors: Fierer Daniel S , Carollo Jesse R , Rodriguez-Caprio Gabriela , Radix Asa , Vail Rona , Chavez Robert , Bungay Krisczar J , Dillon Stephen M ,   for the New York Acute Hepatitis C Surveillance Network, Akil Bisher , Bailey Juan , Bellman Paul , Bowers Daniel , Burger Susanne , Cantor Aviva , Chasan Rachel , Chow Rita , Cohen Robert , Dalton Patrick , Dellosso John , Donlon Eileen , Farrow Terry , Fefer Jose , Gaisa Michael , Guadron Rodolfo , Haber Stuart , Hefron Susan , Higgins Lawrence , Hitzeman Lawrence , Hsu Ricky , Inada Victor , Jacob Sneha , Johnson Livette , Johnston Barbara , Kaminsky Donald , Klein Oscar , Kwong Jeffrey , Lares-Guia Jose , Leach Eric , Levine Randy , Linetskaya Irina , Litvinova Larisa , Malhotra Amisha , Mandell William , Markowitz Martin , Mayer Gal , Meraz Eddie , Mortensen Erik , Olivieri Joseph , Paolino Charles , Photangtham Punyadech , Psevdos George , Rapaport Steven , Ray Roona , Rodriguez-Caprio Gabriela , Shay William , Somasundaram Nirupama , Sorra Lembitu , Tran Richie , Urbina Antonio , Wallach Francis , Wang Wen , Weiss Susan , Wiener Melissa
Published: July 2024

Background

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection rates are substantially higher than primary infection rates among men who have sex with men (MSM) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in European cohorts. The behaviors mediating this high rate of transmission among MSM are poorly characterized.

Methods

We performed a prospective cohort study in New York City (NYC) of MSM with HIV who cleared HCV to determine the incidence of and risk factors for HCV reinfection. We assessed the risk behaviors for primary HCV in NYC: receipt of semen in the rectum, and sexualized methamphetamine use, along with route of use. Multivariable analysis was performed with Andersen-Gill extension of the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

From 2000 through 2018, among 304 MSM with HIV who cleared HCV, 42 reinfections occurred over 898 person-years, for an incidence rate of 4.7 per 100 person-years. Assessing 1245 postclearance visits, only receipt of semen into the rectum was associated with reinfection (hazard ratio, 9.7 [95% confidence interval: 3.3–28.3], P < .001); methamphetamine use was not.

Conclusions

The high HCV reinfection rate over almost 2 decades demonstrates that sexual transmission of HCV is not inefficient or unusual and that direct-acting antiviral treatment is not sufficient for HCV elimination among MSM in NYC. The contrasts between both the rates of and risk factors for primary and HCV reinfection suggest that HCV prevalence is highly heterogenous among sexual networks and that sexualized methamphetamine use, rather than mediating transmission, is instead a surrogate marker for the highest HCV prevalence networks. As neither condoms nor treatment have been successful strategies for HCV prevention in NYC, novel interventions are needed to stem this sexually transmitted HCV epidemic.
Isolation, identification, and biological characterization of bacterial endophytes isolated from Gunnera perpensa L
Authors: Mahlangu Siphiwe Godfrey , Zulu Nodumo , Serepa-Dlamini Mahloro Hope , Tai Siew Leng
Published: July 2024

In the present study, eleven endophytic bacterial strains, Herbaspirillum sp. (GP-SGM1, GP-SGM2, GP-SGM3, and GP-SGM11), Pseudomonas sp. (GP-SGM4, GP-SGM5), Novosphingobium sp. GP-SGM6, Chryseobacterium sp. GP-SGM7, Labedella sp. GP-SGM8, Brevibacterium sp. GP-SGM9, and Pseudomonas sp. GP-SGM10, were isolated from the rhizomes of Gunnera perpensa L. The growth kinetics, assessed through maximum growth rates (μmax) and optical density (OD) values, revealed that GP-SGM7 exhibited highest μmax values of 0.33 ± 0.01 hours (h)−1 with an OD of 4.20 ± 0.04. In contrast, GP-SGM11 exhibited the lowest μmax of 0.12 ± 0.05 h−1 and the smallest OD of 1.50 ± 0.00. In addition, the endophyte crude extracts were tested for antibacterial activity against five pathogenic strains using the disk diffusion method, with GP-SGM7 crude extracts exhibiting promising antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays. The crude extracts of GP-SGM1, GP-SGM7, GP-SGM9, and GP-SGM10 were the most effective at scavenging DPPH radicals, with GP-SGM7 also exhibiting a high FRAP value of 0.54 ± 0.01. These findings emphasize the therapeutic potential of endophytic bacteria from G. perpensa L. in addressing skin-related issues, including bacterial infections and free radicals.
Application of High-Dimensional Propensity Score Methods to the National Health and Aging Trends Study
Authors: Hamedani Ali G , Pham Nguyen Thanh Phuong , Willis Allison W , Tazare John R
Published: July 2024

Background

High-dimensional propensity scoring (HDPS) is a method for empirically identifying potential confounders within large healthcare databases such as administrative claims data. However, this method has not yet been applied to large national health surveys such as the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), an ongoing nationally representative survey of older adults in the United States and important resource in gerontology research.

Methods

In this Research Practice article, we present an overview of HDPS and describe the specific data transformation steps and analytic considerations needed to apply it to national health surveys. We applied HDPS within NHATS to investigate the association between self-reported visual difficulty and incident dementia, comparing HDPS to conventional confounder selection methods.

Results

Among 7 207 dementia-free NHATS Wave 1 respondents, 528 (7.3%) had self-reported visual difficulty. In an unadjusted discrete time proportional hazards model accounting for the complex survey design of NHATS, self-reported visual difficulty was strongly associated with incident dementia (odds ratio [OR] 2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.95–2.81). After adjustment for standard investigator-selected covariates via inverse probability weighting, the magnitude of this association decreased, but evidence of an association remained (OR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.11–1.85). Adding 75 HDPS-prioritized variables to the investigator-selected propensity score model resulted in further attenuation of the association between visual impairment and dementia (OR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.70–1.23).

Conclusions

HDPS can be successfully applied to national health surveys such as NHATS and may improve confounder adjustment. We hope developing this framework will encourage future consideration of HDPS in this setting.
Lensing bias on cosmological parameters from bright standard sirens
Authors: Canevarolo Sofia , Chisari Nora Elisa
Published: July 2024

Next-generation gravitational wave (GW) observatories are expected to measure GW signals with unprecedented sensitivity, opening new, independent avenues to learn about our Universe. The distance–redshift relation is a fulcrum for cosmology and can be tested with GWs emitted by merging binaries of compact objects, called standard sirens, thanks to the fact that they provide the absolute distance from the source. On the other hand, fluctuations of the intervening matter density field induce modifications on the measurement of luminosity distance compared to that of a homogeneous universe. Assuming that the redshift information is obtained through the detection of an electromagnetic counterpart, we investigate the impact that lensing of GWs might have in the inference of cosmological parameters. We treat lensing as a systematic error and check for residual bias on the values of the cosmological parameters. We do so by means of mock catalogues of bright siren events in different scenarios relevant to the Einstein Telescope. For our fiducial scenario, the lensing bias can be comparable to or greater than the expected statistical uncertainty of the cosmological parameters, although non-negligible fluctuations in the bias values are observed for different realizations of the mock catalogue. We also discuss some mitigation strategies that can be adopted in the data analysis. Overall, our work highlights the need to model lensing effects when using standard sirens as probes of the distance–redshift relation.
Measuring eccentricity and gas-induced perturbation from gravitational waves of LISA massive black hole binaries
Authors: Garg Mudit , Derdzinski Andrea , Tiwari Shubhanshu , Gair Jonathan , Mayer Lucio
Published: July 2024

We assess the possibility of detecting both eccentricity and gas effects (migration and accretion) in the gravitational wave (GW) signal from LISA massive black hole binaries at redshift $z=1$. Gas induces a phase correction to the GW signal with an effective amplitude ($C_{\rm g}$) and a semimajor axis dependence (assumed to follow a power-law with slope $n_{\rm g}$). We use a complete model of the LISA response and employ a gas-corrected post-Newtonian inspiral-only waveform model TaylorF2Ecc. By using the Fisher formalism and Bayesian inference, we constrain $C_{\rm g}$ together with the initial eccentricity $e_0$, the total redshifted mass $M_z$, the primary-to-secondary mass ratio q, the dimensionless spins $\chi _{1,2}$ of both component BHs, and the time of coalescence $t_c$. We find that simultaneously constraining $C_{\rm g}$ and $e_0$ leads to worse constraints on both parameters with respect to when considered individually. For a standard thin viscous accretion disc around $M_z=10^5~{\rm M}_{\odot }$, $q=8$, $\chi _{1,2}=0.9$, and $t_c=4$ years MBHB, we can confidently measure (with a relative error of $\lt 50$ per cent) an Eddington ratio ${\rm f}_{\rm Edd}\sim 0.1$ for a circular binary and ${\rm f}_{\rm Edd}\sim 1$ for an eccentric system assuming $\mathcal {O}(10)$ stronger gas torque near-merger than at the currently explored much-wider binary separations. The minimum measurable eccentricity is $e_0\gtrsim 10^{-2.75}$ in vacuum and $e_0\gtrsim 10^{-2}$ in gas. A weak environmental perturbation (${\rm f}_{\rm Edd}\lesssim 1$) to a circular binary can be mimicked by an orbital eccentricity during inspiral, implying that an electromagnetic counterpart would be required to confirm the presence of an accretion disc.
Biomimetic materials research, from interest-driven to society-serving: an interview with Shu-Hong Yu
Authors: Zhao Weijie
Published: July 2024

In August 2016, Shu-Hong Yu's group at the University of Science and Technology of China published an article in Science, reporting the first artificial nacre material obtained by imitating the growth process of natural nacre. The artificial nacre has a chemical composition and microstructure highly similar to that of natural nacre, and therefore is both strong and tough. Over the past two decades, Yu's team has been focusing on the field of biomimetic materials. In addition to shells and pearls, their mimetic targets also include wood, animal bone, fish scale, bamboo joint, lotus root silk and others. Their biomimetic materials have excellent mechanical properties and good application prospects in many fields. In this interview with NSR, Yu introduced many of his interesting works. His research was initially driven by interest and curiosity, but in recent years, he also hopes to shoulder more social responsibility as a scientist and benefit society with his research outputs.
Lung cancer risk associated with occupations in women: a pooling study
Authors: Torres-Cadavid E , Pérez-Ríos M , Candal-Pedreira C , Guerra-Tort C , Rey-Brandariz J , Provencio-Pulla M , Kelsey K , Ruano-Ravina A
Published: July 2024

Background

Occupation is an important risk factor for lung cancer. This knowledge is mainly based on studies conducted on men, with the results being generalized to women.

Aims

We aimed to identify the relationship between different occupations and lung cancer in women.

Methods

Pooling study in which data were pooled from six case–control studies conducted at 13 Spanish hospitals and 1 hospital in Portugal. Each woman’s longest held job was coded as per the ISCO-08. Results were adjusted for age, smoking, and exposure to residential radon.

Results

The study population comprised 1262 women: 618 cases and 644 controls. The reference group were white-collar workers. The adjusted multivariate analysis showed a higher risk of developing lung cancer among teaching professionals (odds ratio [OR]: 4.36; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.73–11.02), cooks (OR: 3.59; 95% CI 1.52–8.48), domestic cleaners and helpers (OR: 2.98; 95% CI 1.54–5.78), homemakers (OR: 2.30; 95% CI 1.26–4.21) and crop farmers, livestock farmers and gardeners (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.11–3.81). For adenocarcinoma, the highest risk was observed in teaching professionals, and for small-cell carcinoma, the highest risk was observed in cooks. Higher risks were observed for small-cell carcinoma compared to other histological types.

Conclusions

Some occupations may be associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in women and this risk could vary by histologic subtype; however, further research is needed to confirm these associations. In any case, protection measures must be implemented in the workplace aimed at reducing the risk of lung cancer among women workers, and more studies exclusively focused on women are warranted.
Introduction
Authors: Mishra Atul
Published: July 2024

This chapter begins by introducing and defining the book’s subject matter, namely the post-partition lives of India and Pakistan as sovereign states. It draws attention to the frequent occurrence of the notion of sovereignty in the bilateral discourse and explores the meanings the two states associate with the notion, linking the two to the imperative of examining their entangled statehoods. It shows how partition produced this entanglement and inaugurated three problematics—of anxiety over national identity, state–minority relations, and territorial contestation and covetousness over Kashmir—which form the principal sites of the enactment of sovereign statehood. The book’s argument is then summarized.
From Politicization to Internationalization
Authors: Mishra Atul
Published: July 2024

This chapter provides a two-part historical backdrop to partition and the emergence of India and Pakistan as sovereign states. The first part shows the linkage between the European, especially colonial liberal, discourse on sovereignty and the trajectory of Muslim politics in late colonial South Asia. The second part examines the nature of partition. It contests the notion that partition was inevitable, foregrounding the circumstances under which it was agreed upon as a solution not to the ideological conflict between two nationalisms but to a deadlock in high-political negotiations that threatened to cause a regional civil war. It draws attention to the ambiguity accompanying the ‘Pakistan’ demand and the features of partition violence that erupted in the second half of 1946 and continued well after the independence of India and Pakistan. The chapter concludes by analysing the mutual dissatisfaction and resentment that marked the process of separation.
Publishing, Copyright, Legislation, and Litigation
Authors: Sanjek Rick
Published: July 2024

Publishing rights were granted under copyright law but had to be enforced by litigation and strengthened on an ongoing basis by further legislation. The “bundle of rights” granted under the Copyright Acts of 1909 and 1976 included performing rights, or the right for compensation from the public performance of musical works; mechanical rights, or the rights to reproduce copies of musical works for sale; synchronization rights, or the right to fix musical works in tandem with visual images; and the right to print copies of musical works, the oldest and original source of music publishing revenue. Also covered are the publisher/songwriter relationship; the publishers owned by the Big Six record labels and leading independents; the major acquisitions of the decade; further pertinent legislation; piracy, plagiarism, and parallel import forms of infringement; major infringement cases from the time period. I conclude with a history of music sampling and major sampling litigation.
The Creators of Music: Getting Paid
Authors: Sanjek Rick
Published: July 2024

The creators of the music that generated the money that flowed through the music business were divided into two separate categories. Songwriters, composers, and lyricists wrote the songs that were then performed by musicians and vocalists, whether live or recorded. Even though the writers and performers might be the same person(s), the revenue streams were separate and governed by different laws and agreements. This chapter also outlines development of the live performance industry that became the major source of artist revenue; the history of the booking agencies that arranged concert tours and the promoters who financed them; the infrastructure and logistics of concert touring; Live Aid, Farm Aid, and other artist-organized charity events; the RIAA and its million-selling album certifications; the evolution of the Recording Academy and its Grammy Awards; and the development of both the artist and songwriter Halls of Fame to honor their most respected and accomplished predecessors.
The Consumer: From Whom and How the Money Flows
Authors: Sanjek Rick
Published: July 2024

Without consumers spending money on music, there is no music business. By 1985, the Sony Walkman and MTV had extended personal access to music beyond the car radio and home stereo. Music was also omnipresent as background in restaurants, stores, and businesses of all kind. Then the ensuing decade through 1995 experienced growth for all things related to music, especially in consumer spending, which is examined in detail. Concert ticket average rose from under $20 to over $30.This chapter also traces the electronic ticketing industry from its inception through the ascendency of Ticketmaster; the transformation of the secondary ticketing market from street corner scalping to internet-based legitimacy; radio format demographics; the rise of MTV to cultural icon; the emergence of rap and grunge as the voice of teenage angst; the political battle over explicit lyrics, free speech, and parental advisory stickers; and the development of the MP3 digital file.