bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH SENAM HAMIL TERHADAP NYERI PUNGGUNG PADA IBU HAMIL
Authors: Kurniasih Uun
Published: July 2020

Salah satu ketidaknyamanan yang sering timbul pada kehamilan adalah nyeri punggung. Nyeri punggung merupakan gangguan yang banyak dialami oleh ibu hamil sepanjang masa-masa kehamilan hingga periode pasca natal . Salah satu upaya yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengurangi nyeri punggung selama kehamilan adalah dengan melakukan senam hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui skala nyeri sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan senam hamil dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh senam hamil terhadap nyeri punggung pada ibu hamil di UPTD Puskesmas Mundu Kabupaten Cirebon Tahun 2018.Penelitan ini menggunakan desain penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan pretest–posttest with control group. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 28 responden, 14 subjek untuk kelompok intervensi dan 14 subjek untuk kelompok  kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi. Sedangkan instrumen yang digunakan adalah Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). Analisa data yang digunakan adalah uji Mann – Whitney.Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil dari pre test dan post test pada kelompok kontrol mayoritas dengan intensitas nyeri sedang yaitu 7 orang (50%) dan nyeri berat yaitu 6 orang (42%), sedangkan pada melompok intervensi mayoritas nyeri ringan yaitu 7 orang (50%) dan nyeri sedang yaitu 7 orang (50%). Berdasarkan analisa statistik didapatkan niai p value adalah  0,001 maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima artinya senam hamil efektif menurunkan intensitas nyeri punggung pada ibu hamill di UPTD Puskesmas Mundu Kabupaten Cirebon tahun 2018Kata Kunci   : Senam, nyeri punggung, ibu hamil  ABSTRACTLow Back pain is one of the discomfort which often occurred during pregnancy. Lowback pain is a condition experienced by many pregnant women troughout pregnancy period to the post  delivery period. One of the solutionto address this issue is by doing exercise for pregnancy women. The studi was conducted to find out the effect of pregnancy exercisseto reduce low back paint issue.This studi aims to determine the scalae of pain before and after pregnancy exercise and to determine the effect of pregnancy exercise againt back pain in pregnancy women in UPTD puskesmas Mundu Cirebon Regency 2018. This research uses quasi experimental research design with Pretest –Posttest with Control Group. Sampling using purposive sampling with the number of samples of 28 respondent, 14 for the intervention group and 14 subjects for the control group. Data collection techniques by observation. While the instrument used is the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The data analysis used is Mann –Whitney test. The resukt of this study indicate that resukt of pre-test and post-test in the mayoritycontrol group with moderate pain intensisity of 7 people (50%) and severe pain that is 6 people (42,9%), while in the intervention group the majority of mild pain 7 peiple (50%). Based on statistical analysis in the value of p value is 0,001, then H0 is rejected reduce the intensity of back pain in pregnant women in UPTD Puskesmas Mundu Cirebon  2018.Keywords: Exercise, back pain, pregnancy women
HUBUNGAN PEMBERIAN IMUNISASI DASAR DENGAN TUMBUH KEMBANG BAYI (0-1 TAHUN)
Authors: Wahyuni Nuniek Tri , Prasetya Selly Oktaviany
Published: July 2020

Imunisasi dasar yang terdiri atas BCG, DPT, Hepatitis B, polio, dan campak sangat penting diberikan pada bayi berusia 0-12 bulan untuk memberikan kekebalan dari penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi (PD3I) antara lain Tuberkulosis, Difteri, Pertusis, Tetanus, Polio, Hepatitis B dan Campak.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengalisis hubungan pemberian imunisasi dasar dengan tumbuh kembang pada bayi (0-1 Tahun). Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kartu Menuju Sehat (KMS), antropometri status gizi dan Denver II. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan 58 responden dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu accidental sampling.Analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pemberian imunisasi dasar dengan pertumbuhan dan pemberian imunisasi dasar dengan perkembangan bayi. Analisis penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil pertumbuhan p value = 0,034 dan perkembangan p value = 0,046 (α ≤ 0,05).Artinya pada penelitian ini terdapat hubungan pemberian imunisasi dasar dengan pertumbuhan dan terdapat hubungan pemberian imunisasi dasar dengan perkembangan bayi.Kata Kunci : Imunisasi Dasar, Tumbuh Kembang   ABSTRACTBasic immunization consisting of BCG, DPT, Hepatitis B, polio, and measles is very important given to infants aged 0-12 months to provide immunity from diseases that can be prevented by immunization (PD3I) including Tuberculosis, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Polio , Hepatitis B and measles. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between basic immunization and growth and development in infants (0-1 years). This type of research used in this research is analytic descriptive using a cross sectional approach. The instruments used in this study were the Card to Health (KMS), anthropometry of nutritional status and Denver II. The number of samples used 58 respondents with a sampling technique that is accidental sampling. The analysis used in this study is univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between basic immunization with growth and basic immunization with infant development. The analysis of this study shows the results of the growth of p value = 0.034 and the development of p value = 0.046 (α ≤ 0.05). This means that in this study there is a relationship between basic immunization and growth and there is a relationship between basic immunization and infant development.Keywords: Basic Immunization, Growth and Development
KEPUASAN PELANGGAN INTERNAL TERHADAP PELAYANAN LABORATORIUM KLINIK
Authors: Widyaningsih Destu Satya , Kurniawan I Wayan
Published: July 2020

Gamping Sleman yang mengedepankan pelayanan prima kepada pelanggan eksternal atau internal. Pelayanan kepada pelanggan eksternal lebih sering diperhatikan dan dilakukan penelitian dibandingkan pelayanan kepada pelanggan internal yang masih sering diabaikan serta berdasarkan hasil observasi pada tanggal 24 Januari 2019 di laboratorium klinik RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Sleman pengukuran kepuasan pelanggan internal belum pernah dilakukan penelitian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kepuasan pelanggan internal terhadap pelayanan laboratorium di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Sleman. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif kualitatif menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi  pada penelitian ini adalah dokter yang bertugas di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Sleman yaitu sebanyak 49 dokter. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian adalah dengan Accidental sampling sebanyak 20 dokter yang bertugas di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Sleman. Analisa data dengan menggunakan rumus yang tercantum dalam pedoman umum penyusunan indeks kepuasan masyarakat unit pelayanan instansi pemerintah. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa Kepuasan Pelanggan Internal Terhadap Pelayanan di Laboratorium Klinik RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Sleman mendapatkan hasil penilaian sebesar 98.5 dengan kategori A yang mengandung arti sangat memuaskan.Kata Kunci: Kepuasan, pelanggan internal, layanan laboratorium.  ABSTRACTThe clinical laboratory unit belongs to one of the supporting health services at the PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital which aims to provide excellent service to both external and internal customers. External customer satisfaction is more commonly evaluated compared to that of internal customers. According to the preliminary observatory study, internal customer satisfaction has never been evaluated previously at the PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. Current study aims to evaluate internal customer satisfactory rate with clinical laboratory services at the PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. The descriptive study was conducted by using cross sectional design in 49 medical doctors of PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. Accidental sampling method was used in determining the 20 final respondents. Data analysis was performed according to the standard index on measurements of satisfactory rate in government institutions. The study demonstrated high satisfactory rate of 98.5, of which belonged to very satisfied under category A.Keywords: satisfaction, internal customer, laboratory service
PENGARUH PELAKSANAAN KEGIATAN PROLANIS TERHADAP KEKAMBUHAN HIPERTENSI
Authors: Susiani Ani , Magfiroh Rizkiatun
Published: July 2020

ABSTRAKPeningkatan jumlah lansia yang pesat sebagai dampak keberhasilan pembangunan di Indonesia harus mendapat perhatian lebih dari seluruh masyarakat.  Hal ini disebabkan karena pada proses menua terjadi peningkatan insiden penyakit kronis diantaranya adalah hipertensi. Kegiatan prolanis yang dilakukan secara teratur dapat mencegah kekambuhan hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelaksanaan kegiatan prolanis dengan  kekambuhan penyakit hipertensi pada anggota Kelompok Prolanis Bunda Ceria Losarang. Metode peneltian menggunakan desain quasi eksperimen dengan bentuk pre and post test without control. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 94 orang dan sampel penelitain berjumlah 26 responden yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling: mengikuti penyuluhan kesehatan tentang hipertensi dan senam prolanis selama 4 minggu berturut-turut. Analisa data menggunakan Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh kegiatan prolanis dengan kekambuhan penyakit hipertensi (terdapat pengaruh senam prolanis terhadap tekanan darah sistolik responden dengan nilai p-value sebesar 0,000 dan terdapat pengaruh senam prolanis terhadap tekanan darah diastolik dengan nilai p-value 0,000). Disarankan kepada Puskesmas Losarang untuk melakukan pelatihan kader prolanis sehingga masyarakat dapat secara mandiri melakukan kegiatan prolanis secara teratur.Kata kunci: lansia, kekambuhan, hipertensi, prolanis    ABSTRACTThe increasing number of elderly people as the impact of development success in Indonesia has gained more attention from the whole community.  This is due to the aging process occurs increased incidence of chronic diseases including hypertension. Prolanis activities conducted regularly can prevent the recurrence of hypertension. This research aims to determine the influence of the implementation of prolanis activities with recurrence of hypertension disease in the members of the group Prolanis Bunda Ceria Losarang. The study was a quasi experimental with a pre and post test group without control. The research population amounted to 94 peoples and the samples was 26 respondents selected with the purposive sampling technique: following the health education on hypertension and prolanis gymnastics for 4 consecutive weeks. Data were analyzed with Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed that there was an effect of prolanis activities with the recurrence of hypertension disease (there was an effect of prolanic exercise on respondent's systolic blood pressure with a p-value of 0,000 and there was an effect on prolanic exercise on diastolic blood pressure with a p-value of 0,000). The author suggests to Puskesmas Losarang to conduct prolanist cadre training so that the community can independently carry out prolanist activities on a regular basis..Keywords: elderly,  recurrence, hypertension, prolanis
PENGARUH THERAPEUTIC LIFESTYLE CHANGES (TLCs) TERHADAP KUALITAS HIDUP LANSIA HIPERTENSI
Authors: Abdillah Awaludin Jahid
Published: July 2020

ABSTRAKKehadiran penyakit kronis salah satunya adalah hipertensi di kalangan lansia memberikan risiko penurunan fungsional pada populasi lansia dan dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup lansia. Salah satu penatalaksanaan hipertensi pada lansia adalah melakukan modifikasi perilaku atau gaya hidup lansia itu sendiri atau lebih dikenal denganTherapeutic Lifestyle Changes for hypertension (TLCs). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah pengaruh Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLCs) terhadap kualitas hidup lansia dengan hipertensi.Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Pre Eksperimental Design (quasi experiment) dengan pretest-posttest with control group.  Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 64 sampel terdiri dari 32 responden pada kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Analisis data statistic menggunakan T test independen dan Mann-Whitney test.Uji beda rata-rata menunjukan terdapat pengaruh therapeutic lifestyle changes terhadap kualitas hidup lansia dengan hipertensi pada kelompok intervensi pada domain  Aktifitas pada masa lampau kini dan yang akan datang (p value 0.020), domain partisipasi sosial (p value 0.000) dan domain persahabatan dan cinta kasih (p value 0.020), sedangkan uji beda rata-rata pada kelompok intervensi dan kontrol didapatkan pengaruh kualitas lansia dengan hipertensi (p value 0.000).Kata Kunci :  Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes, Kualitas hidup  ABSTRACTThe presence of chronic diseases, one of which is hypertension among the elderly provides a risk of functional decline in the elderly population and can affect the quality of life of the elderly. One of the management of hypertension in the elderly is to modify the behavior or lifestyle of the elderly itself or better known as Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes for hypertension (TLCs). The purpose of this study is the effect of Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLCs) on the quality of life of the elderly with hypertension.The research design used was Pre Experimental Design (quasi experiment) with pretest-posttest with control group. The number of samples used was 64 samples consisting of 32 respondents in the intervention group and the control group. Statistical data analysis using independent T test and Mann-Whitney test.The average difference test shows there is an effect of therapeutic lifestyle changes on the quality of life of the elderly with hypertension in the intervention group in the past and present domains of activity (p value 0.020), the domain of social participation (p value 0.000) and the domain of friendship and love you (p value 0.020). while the average difference test in the intervention and control group was influenced by the quality of the elderly with hypertension (p value 0.000).Keywords: Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes, Quality of  life
HUBUNGAN PERAN SERTA KADER DENGAN CAKUPAN KUNJUNGAN PENIMBANGAN BALITA KE POSYANDU
Authors: Bastaman Soleh , Ismana Mokh Firman , Seno Sigit
Published: July 2020

Posyandu merupakan kegiatan oleh dan untuk masyarakat, akan menimbulkan komitmen masyarakat, terutama para ibu, dalam menjaga kelestarian hidup serta tumbuh kembang anak.Peran serta atau keikutsertaan kader Pos Pelayanan Terpadu melalui berbagai organisasi dalam upaya mewujudkan dan meningkatkan pembangunan kesehatan masyarakat desa harus dapat terorganisir dan terencana dengan tepat dan jelas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan peran serta kader dengan cakupan kunjungan penimbangan balita ke posyandu di UPT puskesmas plered kabupaten Cirebon tahun 2012. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan mengunakan metode pendekatan cross sectional.populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu semua kader posyandu yang ada wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas Plered Kabupaten Cirebon, sedangkan sampel diambil dari kader yang ada di posyandu sebanyak 57 kader dari populasi sebanyak 133 kader, cara pengambilannya menggunakan tehnik secara Proposional Random Sampling serta di lakukan uji statistic chi square dengan batas kemaknaan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa peran serta kader di posyandu yang ada di wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas plered sebesar 77,2 % menyatakan baik dan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara peran serta kader dengan cakupan kunjungan penimbangan balita ke posyandu di UPT Puskesmas Plered.Kata Kunci  :  Peran Serta Kader, Cakupan Kunjungan Penimbangan Balita ABSTRACTIHC is an activity by and for the community, will lead to commitment to the community, especially the mothers, in preserving the life and growth and development or participation anak. Actor and Integrated Service Post cadre through various organizations in efforts to create and enhance rural health development should be organized and planned precisely and clearly. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship and the role of cadres with infants weighing coverage of the visit to the UPT clinic posyandu Plered Cirebon district in 2012. This research is descriptive method by using the Analytic cross sectional.populasi approach in this research that all existing posyandu working area Plered Cirebon UPT Health Center, while samples taken from the existing cadre in posyandu as many as 57 cadres, how to use the technique of extraction is Proportional Random Sampling and testing done by chi square statistic with significance limit α = 0.05.  The results showed that the participation of cadres in existing posyandu UPT Health Center in the work area by 77.2% Plered good state and there is a significant association between the role of the cadre with the coverage of infants weighing visit to Posyandu Plered UPT Health Center.Keywords    : Participation Kader, Toddler Weighing Coverage Visits
PERSEPSI WANITA USIA SUBUR TERHADAP METODE KONTRASEPSI
Authors: Sumarni Sumarni
Published: July 2020

Metode kontrasepsi adalah suatu cara yang ditempuh untuk menghindari atau mencegah terjadinya kehamilan.Masalah metode kontrasepsi merupakan hal yang sangat erat kaitannya dengan wanita subur.Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persepsi wanita usia subur terhadap metode kontrasepsi di rumah bersalin Rajawali Kota Cirebontahun 2011. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif survey.Populasinya adalah wanita usia subur yang mengikuti program keluarga berencana di Rumah Bersalin Rajawali Kota Cirebon yaitu sebanyak 520 wanita usia subur. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 84 diambil  dengan teknik accidental sampling.Pengambilan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan teknik analisa data menggunakan analisa univariate.Hasil penelitian secara keseluruhan menunjukan bahwa 51 responden (60,7%) berpersepsi positif terhadap metode kontrasepsi, sedangkan yang berpersepsi negatif yaitu 33 responden (39,3%).Berdasarkan hasil penelitian masih terdapat wanita usia subur yang belum memahami metode kontrasepsi efektif terpilih dan metode kontrasepsi mantap.Kata kunci : Metode kontrasepsi, persepsi dan wanita usia subur ABSTRACTContraception method  is a certain method that is used for avoiding or preventing pregnancy. This problem has strong correlation against fertile women.The purpose of this research is to know the perception of fertile women towards  contraception method on Rajawali Maternity Hospital of Cirebon city, year 2011.Kind of method used on this research was descriptive survey.The objects of  population were fertile women, who followed “Keluarga Berencana” program on Rajawali Maternity Hospital of Cirebon city, as many as 520 fertile women, 84 women taken as samples by accidental sampling method.Data collection was taken by questioners while data analysis by univariate analysis.The overall result showed, that 51 respondents (60,7%) had positive perception towards contraception method, while the rest, 33 respondents (39,3%), had negative perception.Based on that, there were fertile women, who still didn’t understand the chosen effective contraception method and the good contraception method.Key words: contraception method, perception and fertile women
HUBUNGAN FAKTOR PEKERJAAN TERHADAP KEJADIAN KATARAK NUKLEARIS
Authors: Kurniasih Uun , Herlina Lien , Ni'mawati Siti
Published: July 2020

Pekerjaan  dengan paparan sinar matahari merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya katarak. Paparan sinar matahari yang lama cenderung menderita katarak khususnya nuklearis.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan hubungan faktor pekerjaan terhadap kejadian katarak nuklearis.Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional study.Jumlah sampel sebanyak 52 orang penentuan sampelnya dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data akan dilakukan oleh peneliti, dengan cara observasi dan wawancara dan dianalisa secara statistika menggunakan uji Chi Square (X2). Dari hasil uji statistika didapatkan bahwa dari hasil tabulasi silang ada kecenderungan faktor pekerjaan karena paparan sinar matahari dengan katarak nuklearis, sedangkan berdasarkan uji Chi Square tidak ada hubungan antara faktor pekerjaan karena paparan sinar matahari dengan katarak nuklearis dengan nilai    p = 0,795 (p > 0,1).Kata Kunci          : Faktor pekerjaan  katarak nuklearis ABSTRACTWork with exposure to sunlight is a risk factor for cataracts. Long exposure to the sun tend to suffer from cataracts, especially nuklearis.The purpose of this study is to prove the correlation between the incidence of cataracts nuklearis work.This research is a descriptive study with cross -sectional correlation study. Total sample of 52 people who were taken through the large sample formula in which the determination of the sample by using purposive sampling. The data obtained by observation and interviews, and analyzed statistically using Chi Square ( X2 ).while based on Chi Square test was no association between occupational factors as sun exposure with cataract nuklearis with p = 0.795 ( p > 0.1 ).Keywords             : Occupational factors, cataract nuklearis
ENERGY CONVERSION MODES DEPENDING ON THE OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE FOR AN AIR HANDLING UNIT WITH A HEAT PUMP
Authors: Frik Anton , Martinaitis Vytautas , Bielskus Juozas
Published: July 2020

Modern air handling units (AHU) are increasingly finding solutions in which the main energy transformers are an air heat pump (HP) and a heat recovery exchanger (HRE). The energy conversion modes of such devices are constantly changing in accordance with the constant change on the state of the outdoor air (temperature, humidity). Flexibility, being able to respond to ever-changing ambient air parameters, is an important feature of energy transformation component mode control. The overall seasonal efficiency of the air handling unit depends on this. In this work, a thermodynamic analysis of the characteristic energy transformations of the air handling unit is performed, linking the outdoor and ventilated indoor air and HP refrigerant states, flow rates and component loads. Such parametric analysis with respect to the changing outdoor air temperature allowed to clearly reveal, through various indicators, the influence of the individual components on the operating efficiency of the air handling unit. Combinations of parameters have been obtained that enable the selection of the optimal control concept for the energy conversion mode of the components in the air handling unit (component loads, fluids state parameters and flow rates) over a wide range of outdoor air temperatures.
EFFECT OF OPEN AND CLOSED OPERATION MODES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL BASED COPPER HEAT EXCHANGER
Authors: Pakalka Saulius , Valančius Kęstutis , Damonskis Matas
Published: July 2020

Many studies related to latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) and performance of phase change materials (PCM) are focused on melting and solidification processes. Investigating and understanding the influence of various parameters on PCMs based thermal energy storage is the key to developing innovative and efficient energy storage systems. The aim of this study is to experimentally compare and assess the performance of phase change material based copper heat exchanger (PCM-HX) in different modes of operation. This PCM-HX is designed to be used in systems where thermal energy can be stored up to 90 °C and an organic PCM RT82 was selected as the energy storage medium. This study focuses on the pressure impact on the PCM melting (charging) and solidification (discharging) processes. Two different modes of operation were analysed: Open and Closed. In the case of an Open mode, the storage tank of PCM-HX was open to the atmosphere (pressure control valve open), in the case of Closed mode the storage tank was closed (pressure control valve closed). PCM charging and discharging processes were conducted and the PCM-HX performances were tested at different pressure inside the storage tank.
ANALYSIS OF DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF HOT RECYCLING ASPHALT MIXTURE AT BATCH ASPHALT MIXING PLANTS
Authors: Martišius Mindaugas , Sivilevičius Henrikas
Published: July 2020

European Union members seek to establish the principles of a circular economy, which is based on the efficient use of raw materials and resources. This requirement will have an impact on business and in particular on the road construction sector. Hence the need to improve the asphalt mixing plant (AMP) mixing technology utilizing as much as possible reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) to produce asphalt mixtures (AM) for road construction. The resources used to produce new AM in the world are endless and becoming more expensive in a time scale. The multi-cycle reuse of RAP producing AM is a priority, when thinking about of economical recycling materials usage and the saving of resources. The design and development of RAP hot recycling in-plant technologies has been in progress for approximately half a century. In high-level-economy countries, AM production currently processes on average approx. 80% of the amount of RAP using innovative techniques on AMPs. Design of various AMP, their assessment on the flexible application of innovative techniques depending on the RAP processing method, are described in this paper. In this paper different recycling technologies in AMP and their advantages and disadvantages are reviewed. The research result indicates technical possibilities hot recycling in-plant in Baltic countries. Local authorities, research institutes, road construction and road design companies could use these results in the future.
PUBLIC TRANSPORT ROUTE NETWORK OPTIMIZATION CRITERIA’S FOR CITIES
Authors: Ušpalytė-Vitkūnienė Rasa , Kolodinskaja Justina
Published: July 2020

The city’s approach to transport management is defined by the City Master Plan and City Strategic Plan and Vilnius Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (Vilnius Sustainable Mobility Plan − SUMP, 2018), which have identified scenarios for the transportation system till 2030. A SUMP fosters a balanced development of all relevant transport modes, while encouraging a shift towards more sustainable modes. Its key objective is to design a modern, efficient, fast, comfortable and safe public transport system, comparable to those of EU capital cities. Vilnius aims to maintain an environmentally friendly public transport fleet that represents the biggest share in the city’s modal split. Still there is a problem with matching the public transport network with the fast changing urban situation. Citizen’s are moving from one part of the city to the other, that shows that is necessary to have tool helping to decide how and when to change public transport route. The aim of this research was to create the clear methodology for the public transport route network maintenance based on the main public transport route criteria’s.
EFFECT OF DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ON ASPHALT LAYERS THICKNESS BASED ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR DATA ANALYSIS
Authors: Vaitkus Audrius , Kleizienė Rita , Karbočius Martynas
Published: July 2020

The ground penetrating radar (GPR) in roads is use to investigate the pavement structure layers thickness on network and project level, misaligned dowels and tie bar in concrete pavement, moisture and ground water level, air voids of asphalt layers, and to assure the quality control. Since, pavement layer thickness and materials properties are the key parameters for pavement bearing capacity and residual life determination the effective and reliable GPR analysis procedure is substantial for pavement management system. However, in order to determine asphalt layers thickness the dielectric constant or GPR velocity have to be known. The most common practice to determine the dielectric constant of specific pavement layer is to drill the cores at least every 1 km, as combination of destructive and non-destructive methods. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the dielectric constant to asphalt layers thickness determination accuracy. The dielectric constant of asphalt layers and GPR measurements were performed in the 27th pavement sections of the Test Road. The dielectric constant of asphalt layers calculated based on drilled cores data. Analysing the wearing, binder, and base layers separately and in combination. Finally, the errors of determined thicknesses of pavement layers were compared with actual thickness. To determine the dielectric constant influence to the asphalt layer thickness of road sections were investigated by drilling cores and determined the actual thickness. The dielectric constant based on core data and GPR measurements were compared.
ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE PARAMETERS CHANGES ON "RAIL BALTICA" PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Palevičius Vytautas , Kaušylas Mantas
Published: July 2020

“Rail Baltica” project is priority project No 27 “Rail Baltica” axis Warsaw-Kaunas-Riga-Tallinn-Helsinki, approved by Decision No 884/2004/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 amending Decision No 1692/96/EC on Community guidelines for the development of the trans-European transport network (European Union, 2004). An article analyzes the changes in the main parameters of the 1435 mm gauge railway infrastructure during the whole period of the “Rail Baltica” project, determines their impact on the project implementation time-line, purposes and results, highlights basic parameters which need to be met during modernization. On this basis, the main criteria for the evaluation of Rail Baltica rail infrastructure were selected. An expert survey was conducted to evaluate the criteria. The Kendall method was used to calculate the criteria weights. The article ends with a scientific discussion.
Guidlines for Inventors “From Idea to Product”
Authors: Kaķis Roberts , Blumberga Dagnija , Vīgants Ģirts
Published: July 2020

The article deals with the problem facing Latvian inventors in how to develop the idea to a real product. There are often cases where innovative ideas “migrate” from original inventors to other inventors, when they turn to them to seek support for developing and supporting the idea. The main components of the guidelines are the establishment of a patent application and, in general, a description of the entire patent acquisition process and the creation of a life cycle analysis using the SimaPro software. The article is intended primarily for the development of environmentally friendly inventions, which is why the life cycle analysis is one of the main components of the article, to make it possible to conclude whether the production and use of the new product will not result in a higher “ecological footprint” than previously used technologies, paying particular attention to the inventor stage in order to accurately develop a life-cycle analysis. The article does not only explore the necessary theoretical knowledge of the realisation of the idea to the product, but also looks at the pilot case, a practical example of an innovative “dust co-firing burner” compared to the conventional natural gas burner. The life-cycle analysis compares the following steps: manufacture of plants, transportation of plants and special emphasis on the combustion phase of fuels, three scenarios are examined: a natural gas burner burning natural gas, a dust burner in which natural gas is co-incinerated and fine wood particles − dust and a dust burner burning. biomethane and wood dust. The use of such an installation would not only reduce emissions from the replacement of natural gas by wood dust, but also allow energy companies to work more effectively, as it would be possible to regulate the proportion of different fuels depending on demand, because the fuels have different heat of combustion. The article establishes a methodology to analyse the quality and implementation of inventions in response to the following key questions: − how to identify original ideas and how to protect authors from the migration of ideas; − how to collect and analyse the risks associated with migration of ideas; − how to use life cycle analysis for the assessment of the “ecological footprint” of the invention.
ANALYSIS OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF IMPROVING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN LECTURE HALLS USING MECHANICAL VENTILATION
Authors: Grzebielec Andrzej , Szelągowski Adam , Bruzi Krzysztof
Published: July 2020

Didactic classes are conducted in lecture halls usually adapted from the technical side to present content. Audiovisual and sound systems are installed. Unfortunately, in many cases, classrooms are designed from the point of view of air conditioning and ventilation, just like office rooms. As a result, during classes, even in rooms where air conditioning occurs, the conditions change so unfavourably that both teacher and students experience discomfort. The work analyzes the change in temperature, CO2 concentration, PM2.5 concentration and relative humidity in the room, where heat gains from people and equipment as well as moisture gains exceed design values. The work uses a channel-free Respireco recuperator with cyclic operation. First, the thermodynamic properties of the recuperator itself were checked, and then it was tested in a selected Polish primary school. The results show that this type of recuperators are able to provide correct indoor climatic conditions in lecture halls. The use of mechanical ventilation using a recuperator with a ceramic heat recovery caused the CO2 concentration in the room to drop by 50% during classes. However, PM2.5 concentration was maintained at a level three times lower than in a room without mechanical ventilation. It should therefore be concluded that the use of mechanical ventilation with recuperation not only reduces heating costs but also significantly improves air quality.
CORRECT SELECTION OF THE ORC SYSTEM PARAMETERS FOR THE EXHAUST GASES HEAT SOURCE
Authors: Grzebielec Andrzej , Rusowicz Artur , Ziąbka Tomasz
Published: July 2020

Contrary to appearances, ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) systems should not be selected for the highest available temperature of the upper heat source. This approach allows, of course, to achieve the highest energy efficiency, but this happens at the expense of the electrical power obtained. This solution would be good for an infinite heat source. In practice, there is always a finite heat source power. Therefore, the analysis should take into account other aspects than just maximum efficiency. The article presents a method of selecting ORC system parameters for a heat source in the form of waste gases, enabling the highest electrical power to be obtained. The analysis shows that even a significant reduction in the evaporation temperature of the working medium in the ORC system compared to the source temperature is beneficial for the profitability of investing in an ORC system. The analysis showed that for flue gases with temperatures of 300, 400, 500 and 600 °C, the best evaporating temperatures of the working medium in the ORC system are 145 °C, 185 °C, 214 °C and 250 °C, respectively. The highest level of generated electricity is obtained for these temperatures.
Microalgae Strains Monoraphidium Griffithi and Chlorella sp. for the Carbon Dioxide Capture from Biogas
Authors: Juškaitė Loreta , Zagorskis Alvydas
Published: July 2020

One of the most important tools for mitigating climate change is biogas production. Increasing their use requires improving the energy value of biogas by reducing its carbon dioxide content while increasing the methane concentration in biogas. Biological purification of biogas using microalgae strains − merging biogas upgrading method where microalgae use carbon dioxide for their growth during the process of photosynthesis. A four-column photobioreactor was constructed with Monoraphidium Griffithi, Chlorella sp. microalgae strains, distilled water and MWH medium for purification of biogas. Experimental studies determined sizes, shapes and of microalgae cells, the pH changes of mediums used after biogas treatment and the composition of biogas before and after upgrading using photobioabsorber. Microalgae Monoraphidium Griffithi was estimated to have the greatest contribution to CO2 reduction by decreasing from 31.0% to 10.0%. The smallest reduction in CO2 was recorded when biogas was flowing through MWH medium. Experiments have shown that the absorption of biogas components results in the release of oxygen. As the biogas was flowing through all suspensions, the oxygen concentration increased from 3.6 to 5.2%.
BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN WEBBIM ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Shkundalov Danylo , Vilutienė Tatjana
Published: July 2020

Geographical information systems (GIS) and Building information modelling (BIM) provide digital representation of building, its elements and environment. BIM focuses on micro-level representation of buildings and its elements, and GIS provide macro-level representation of the external elements of environment. Their combination can provide a comprehensive view of a built environment based on integrated data. There is an opportunity to make BIM and GIS unity not only to combine them in a single project but also to make a fully merged environment with difficult associations that extend the capabilities of both. Paper presents method that allows visualization and processing the BIM model in the web browser, external processing and analyzing, easy sharing and visualization, linking the 3D model and attribute information, working with the BIM model and GIS data, digital City mapping and etc. The developed method creates rich future for full BIM software products with all manner of functions and tools that will work through the Internet without installations, distributives, additional programs. The introduced technique can be used as a new part for BIM execution planning.
An Overview of Development of Sustainable Agriculture in Lithuania
Authors: Mierauskas Pranas
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this review paper is to analyse and evaluate the development of sustainable agriculture in Lithuania from 1990 to the present and to evaluate possibilities, willingness and motivation of farmers to participate in sustainable agriculture. It was established that sustainable agriculture developed from environmentally friendly agriculture and later from organic agriculture. Initially, organic agriculture prevailed and included compliance with environmental requirements; however, later it incorporated social and economic approaches as well. This paper analyses the organic farming practices that stimulated the development of sustainable agriculture. Agri-environmental agriculture has been found to be more popular with farmers as it provides compensatory payments and requires basic environmental knowledge. This work compares farmers’ motivation to participate not only in agri-environmental measures, but also in sustainable agriculture. Noteworthy, agri-environmental measures also have elements of sustainable development. The work compares the results of previous research on farmers’ motivation and willingness to participate in environmentally friendly farming measures. The research reveals that participation in voluntary programmes has to be economically encouraged. The main findings are as follows: sustainable agriculture developed from organic agriculture gradually by integrating principles of sustainable development; the results of comparative analysis discovered that farmers with deeper understanding of environmental protection are more motivated to implement farming that relies on sustainable agriculture approaches. The research is based on analysis and evaluation through such methods as descriptive and comparative data analysis in previous and recent periods and questionnaire based data collection in order to evaluate new types of farming.
Large Scale Soil-Aquifer-Treatment (SAT-MAR) Physical Model Experiments to Improve Water Quality
Authors: Leitão Teresa E. , Martins Tiago , Henriques Maria José , Lobo-Ferreira J. P.
Published: July 2020

The effluents from agriculture practices usually contain several contaminants creating an environmental concern to downgradient water bodies. The use of SAT systems to improve the effluents water quality, during the transport of infiltrated water through the unsaturated and saturated zones, can bring a solution for water reclamation, water reuse, and overall as a water resources management tool. The research was carried out under MARSOL project were SAT experiments were executed in a physical (sandbox) model. These experiments aimed to contribute solving the problem of removing rice field contaminants from water, using a soil-aquifer prototype basin to treat water prior to its discharge in Melides lagoon, Portugal. The sandbox model was divided into three sections to test the adsorption and biodegradation capacity of three soil profiles, two of them including soil mixtures of sand with vegetal compost with different layouts. In each section, two tracer experiments were performed with spiked fertilizer and hydrocarbons. To analyse the tracer’s behaviour, monitoring devices were installed in three piezometers for continuous in situ readings of pH, T, EC, ORP and water level, besides water sampling hand-pump for chemical analysis. The results obtained in the experiments gave useful knowledge necessary to build an in situ facility.
PERSPECTIVES OF USAGE OF SEAMLESS AND FIBER BASALT FILAMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION OF MOTOR ROADS AND AIRFIELDS
Authors: Krayushkina Kateryna , Bieliatynskyi Andrii
Published: July 2020

In recent years, the number of heavy vehicles has increased on the roads of Ukraine. But coatings that were built long ago and according to the old standards do not withstand overhauls. This leads to premature destruction of the road structure, which is also facilitated by negative weather factors. One of the ways to increase the durability of roads is the use of dispersed and directional reinforcement with basalt materials. The article presents the results of studies on the use of basalt materials for reinforcing asphalt concrete and concrete coatings of aerodrome roads.
Modelling of Incident Wave Sound Absorption Coefficient of Paper Sludge Panels
Authors: Astrauskas Tomas , Grubliauskas Raimondas
Published: July 2020

Paper sludge is the water treatment waste, which produced during paper production. Paper sludge (PS) waste utilization is the common problem in the EU and internationally. According to authors Frías et al. paper sludge is the main waste in the paper processing factories, the percentage reach 35% of product volume. According to the waste management directive No. 2008/98/EC, paper sludge waste should not be utilised in landfills. Such legislation generates the motivation of this study. This study deals with paper sludge as sound absorbing material. In this paper panels made of paper sludge is studied. Sound absorption coefficient of the panels predicted with Horoshenkov and Swift acoustic model for granular media. The aim of this paper is to predict sound absorption coefficient using non-acoustic parameters of the material.
THE INFLUENCE OF SCHEDULES OF OPEN OFFICE OCCUPANTS’ PRESENCE ON BUILDING’S ENERGY DEMAND
Authors: Bielskus Jonas , Motuzienė Violeta
Published: July 2020

Many studies show, that there is a difference between actual and design energy consumption in energy efficient and sustainable buildings. As a rule, buildings consume more energy than it has been foreseen at the design stage. Occupants’ behaviour in buildings is also identified as one of the main reasons causing the so called Performance Gap. Having mobile workstations, opened plan offices are becoming more popular in design solutions in sustainable buildings. Here we have studied one of such office spaces. Monitoring of real occupancy was performed and real occupation schedules were statistically generated. The schedules were compared to the ones given by European Standard for energy performance calculation as well as with default schedules proposed by simulation software DesignBuilder. The comparison shows a significantly lower measured occupancy compared to the above-mentioned schedules. To compare the influence of occupancy related assumptions on predicted energy demand, DesignBuilder model was created and simulated for 3 different occupancy schedules. The results have shown that primary energy demand of a building due to assumptions related with an occupancy, compared to default DesignBuilder schedules are: 111 kWh/m² (32%) higher than the standard case and 152 kWh/m² (44%) than the actual one.
ON APPLICATION OF COMBINED PILE-RAFT FOUNDATIONS FOR ROAD STRUCTURES
Authors: Leppla Steffen , Norkus Arnoldas
Published: July 2020

Roads and road infrastructure systems are designed to satisfy ultimate and serviceability conditions under long-term actions caused by transport loadings and environmental effects. Selected design solutions must be safe and rational in terms of construction and maintenance costs. In cases when weak or soft soil layers of natural soil profiles are shallow and/or the traffic loads are very large, the Combined Pile-Raft Foundation (CPRF) is the economical road and railway structure design solution. Application of CPRF is cheaper geotechnical solution comparing with soil change or usual piled foundation alternatives. The development of this system is based on the analysis of relevant mechanical properties of soil layers and the evaluation of the soil-structure interaction. The soil-structure interaction is of highest importance allowing proper evaluation of load bearing resistance and deformation transmitted by raft and piles to soil layers. The soil and foundation system usually is subjected by loadings, resulting elastic-plastic resistance range. Therefore, relevant nonlinear physical laws due to the stress levels are used. The paper purpose is summarizing the experience of application of Combined Pile-Raft Foundations used in road and railway construction and bridge engineering.
ASSESSMENT OF THE DEPTH AND RATE OF CORROSION IN STEEL REINFORCEMENT OF REINFORCED CONCRETE CULVERTS
Authors: Vasiliev Alexandr , Daškevič Svetlana
Published: July 2020

Based on the results of many research years on concrete carbonisation: both immediately after manufacture (using heat-moisture treatment) and in reinforced concrete elements operated for the periods of various length (in an open atmosphere); the effect of carbonisation on the change in the protective properties of concrete in relation to steel reinforcement; for determination of the dependence of the corrosion state of steel reinforcement on the degree of concrete carbonisation in the area of steel reinforcement; the obtained regression dependences of the change (by time in the cross section) of the degree of concrete carbonisation of various classes in strength, – the analysis of the time of the onset of the boundary values of the degrees of concrete carbonisation (strength classes C12/15–C30/37) for the operating conditions of the open atmosphere was performed. Based on it, the regression dependences of the time variation of the depth of corrosion damage of steel reinforcement were construed (for fixed thicknesses of the concrete protective layer). The obtained nature of dependences made it possible to offer, in a general form, the regression dependences of the depth of corrosion damage and corrosion rate of steel reinforcement for concretes (strength classes C12/15–C30/37) for operating conditions in open atmosphere.