bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emerging Importance of Phytochemicals in Regulation of Stem Cells Fate via Signaling Pathways
Authors: Dadashpour Mehdi , Pilehvar‐Soltanahmadi Younes , Zarghami Nosratollah , Firouzi‐Amandi Akram , Pourhassan‐Moghaddam Mohammad , Nouri Mohammad
Published: August 2017

To reach ideal therapeutic potential of stem cells for regenerative medicine purposes, it is essential to retain their self‐renewal and differentiation capacities. Currently, biological factors are extensively used for stemness maintaining and differentiation induction of stem cells. However, low stability, high cost, complicated production process, and risks associated with viral/endotoxin infection hamper the widespread use of biological factors in the stem cell biology. Moreover, regarding the modulation of several signaling cascades, which lead to a distinct fate, phytochemicals are preferable in the stem cells biology because of their efficiency. Considering the issues related to the application of biological factors and potential advantages of phytochemicals in stem cell engineering, there is a considerable increasing trend in studies associated with the application of novel alternative molecules in the stem cell biology. In support of this statement, we aimed to highlight the various effects of phytochemicals on signaling cascades involved in commitment of stem cells. Hence, in this review, the current trends in the phytochemicals‐based modulation of stem cell fate have been addressed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring simple linear profiles in the presence of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity
Authors: Hadizadeh Reza , Soleimani Paria
Published: August 2017

In this paper, monitoring of simple linear profiles is investigated in the presence of nonequality of variances or heteroscedasticity, ie, generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity. In this condition, using of the common methods regardless of the heteroscedasticity leads to the fault interpretations. We consider a simple linear profile and assume that there is a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) (1,1) model within the profiles. Here, we particularly focus on Phase II monitoring of simple linear regression. We studied the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity effect, briefly GARCH effect, on the average run length criterion. As the remedial measures, the weighted least squares method to estimate the regression parameters and the heteroscedasticity‐consistent approaches to estimate the covariance matrix of regression parameters, are used to extract the GARCH effect. Two control chart methods namely T2 and exponentially weighted moving average 3 are discussed to monitor the simple linear profiles. Their performances are evaluated by using the average run length criterion. Finally, a real case from an industry field is studied.
Ion suppression effect in desorption electrospray ionization and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Zheng , Zhu Haijing , Huang Guangming
Published: August 2017

Rationale

Although it is claimed that desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) causes less ion suppression effects than electrospray ionization (ESI), a related investigation with quantification measurement of ion suppression effects is absent. Herein, a comparative analysis of ion suppression effects between DESI and ESI was conducted, with the aiming of quantitatively studying the ion suppression effect.

Methods

CTVA mixtures, a constant concentration of tioconazole with varied concentrations of atenolol, were analyzed by ESI and DESI. The ion suppression effect was characterized by the signal loss of tioconazole in the mixture compared to the signal intensity of tioconazole without interference (denoted as (Isingle − Imixture)/Isingle). According to the variations in the experimental conditions (such as flow rate, solvent composition, substrate material, capillary inner diameter, sheath gas velocity), ion suppression effects in DESI and ESI were compared.

Results

With the increasing flow rate, the ion suppression effect in DESI became weaker, while the opposite trend was obtained for ESI. As for capillary inner diameter, a smaller inner diameter resulted in weaker ion suppression effects in DESI and ESI. The solvent composition affected the ion suppression effect, and the PTFE substrate presented the weakest ion suppression effect among the five substrate materials.

Conclusions

Though the ion suppression effect in DESI and ESI was shown to relate to experimental conditions, DESI had less effect than ESI under the same experimental conditions in most cases. Moreover, DESI displayed stronger matrix‐tolerant ability than ESI which is also attributed to the weaker ion suppression effect.
Thickness determination of TiN and TiAl coatings on steel substrates using X‐ray diffraction method and their composition measurements by GD‐OES
Authors: Aliaj Fisnik Rr. , Syla Naim , Oettel Heinrich , Dilo Teuta
Published: August 2017

This paper presents a nondestructive X‐ray diffraction method for the accurate determination of thicknesses of polycrystalline TiN and amorphous‐like TiAl coatings deposited by DC magnetron sputtering onto thick polycrystalline stainless steel and carbon steel substrates. This method relies on the measurement of intensity loss of a substrate reflection caused by the deposition of the coating. The uncertainty of the thickness measurements by the X‐ray diffraction depends on the mass absorption coefficient of the coating material and the quality of the collected diffraction patterns. For the coatings considered, thicknesses determined by the X‐ray diffraction method show very good agreement with the thickness values measured by scanning electron microscopy and ball crater techniques.
A test for comparing current status survival data with crossing hazard functions and its application to immunogenicity of biotherapeutics
Authors: Jonas Sarah Flora , Mbogning Cyprien , Broët Philippe
Published: August 2017

Several tests have been recently implemented in the nonparametric comparison of current status survival data. However, they are not suited for the situation of crossing hazards. In this setting, we propose a new test specifically designed for crossing hazards alternatives. The proposed test is compared to classical implemented tests through simulations mimicking crossing hazards situations with various schemes of censoring. The results show that the proposed test has a correct type I error and generally outperforms the existing methods. The application of the proposed test on a real dataset on immunogenicity of interferon‐βamong multiple sclerosis patients highlights the interest of the proposed test.
Electrochemical Detection of Ni2+ Ions Using Synthesized (E)‐N’‐Chlorobenzylidene‐4‐methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide Derivatives Modified with a Nafion Matrix
Authors: Hussain Mohammad Musarraf , Rahman Mohammed M. , Arshad Muhammad Nadeem , Asiri Abdullah M.
Published: August 2017

(E)‐N’‐Chlorobenzylidene‐4‐methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide (CBMBSH) compounds were synthesized using a simple condensation process from the derivatives of chlorobenzaldehyde and 4‐methylbenzenesulfonylhydrazine in a good yield which crystallized in ethanol. The CBMBSH molecules were totally characterized using conventional spectroscopic techniques such as 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, FTIR, and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. The molecular structures of the CBMBSH molecules were confirmed using a single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) method and used for the potential detection of heavy metal ion, nickel (Ni2+) using a reliable I−V technique. A thin layer of CBMBSH was deposited onto a flat glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with 5 % nafion coating binder in order to modify a sensitive and selective Ni2+ ionic sensor. Sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the modified electrode towards Ni2+ were calculated from the slope of calibration curve as 949.0 pAμM−1cm−2, 98.0±2.0 pM, and 326.67 mM respectively. The approaching CBMBSH/GCE sensor was applied to the selective determination of Ni2+ in spiked real samples, and found satisfactory and rational results.
Gallium‐Induced Perturbation of Zinc Selenide Quantum Dots Electronics
Authors: Ndangili Peter M. , Masikini Milua , Feleni Usisipho , Douman Samantha , Tovide Oluwakemi , Williams Avril , Baker Priscilla , Iwuoha Emmanuel I.
Published: August 2017

A rare cationic chemistry of GaIII has been used to modulate the optical and electrochemical properties of selenide quantum dots. Three different types of 3‐mercaptopropionic acid (3MPA)‐capped quantum dots (ZnSe‐3MPA, Ga2Se3‐3MPA and Ga‐doped ZnSe‐3MPA) were synthesized in highly basic aqueous media (pH = 12.12) at room temperature. Three‐dimensional emission‐excitation matrix spectra (3D EEM), as well as, the ultraviolet visible spectroscopic bands of the Ga‐doped ZnSe‐3MPA were similar to the average values obtained for ZnSe‐3MPA and Ga2Se3‐3MPA. Electrochemical studies revealed that gallium‐induced vacancies caused a significant enhancement in the conductivity of the Ga‐doped ZnSe‐3MPA compared to the conductivity of a mixture of ZnSe‐3MPA and Ga2Se3‐3MPA.
Highly Sensitive Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)‐ Based Multi Gas Sensor : Au Nanoparticles Decorated on Partially Embedded 2D Colloidal Crystals into Elastomer
Authors: Sharma Satinder K. , Kumar Pawan , Barthwal Sumit , Sharma Seema , Sharma Ashutosh
Published: August 2017

Advent of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has engendered, the attention to exploit a facile, cost effective, 2D self‐assembly based architecture for sensing. Here, Au nanoparticles are decorated on controlled morphology of 2D polystyrene colloidal crystals (PSCCs), partially embedded into flexible polydimethylsiloxane elastomer. Self‐assembled flexible hexagonally close‐packed PSCCs form the 75 and 25 nm voids in the 500 and 200 nm, PSCCs monolayers and act as an effective plasmonic propagator for SERS sensors signal. Optical and sensing response investigates with UV‐Vis and Raman spectroscopy after the exposure of Au NP/2D PS CC/PDMS to NH3, H2O2, N2O and H2S gases environment. The increase in the SERS intensity at 491 cm−1 for the 200 nm, CCs based sensors as compared to 500 nm, indicates that the sensing response, strongly dependent on the CCs size. The red‐shift in the UV‐Vis spectra and enhancement in intensity of SERS designate that H2S forms the maximum Au NPs aggregates over the all tested gases. The chemisorptions on the phenyl ring, due to B2 symmetric modes of the PSCCs with orthogonal polarizability of Au NPs, act as a hot spot for higher sensing response for the detection of gaseous precursors with higher SERS sensitivity and reliability.
Enhancing the Activity of a Dietzia sp. D5 Baeyer‐Villiger Monooxygenase towards Cyclohexanone by Saturation Mutagenesis
Authors: Bisagni Serena , Abolhalaj Milad , de Brevern Alexandre G. , Rebehmed Joseph , Hatti‐Kaul Rajni , Mamo Gashaw
Published: August 2017

A recombinant Baeyer‐Villiger monooxygenase, BVMO4 from Dietzia sp. D5 has been previously reported. The enzyme exhibited good thermostability and was active with a wide range of cyclic ketone substrates but catalysed poorly the conversion of cyclohexanone to caprolactone. The present work focuses on protein engineering of BVMO4 to improve the conversion of cyclohexanone. Thus, a structural model of BVMO4 was generated and used in combination with literature information on substrate specificity of BVMOs to identify ‘hotspots’ whose mutation would influence substrate specificity. Site saturation mutagenesis was performed on 12 selected sites and 528 mutants were screened with expected coverage of about 98 %. About one‐fourth of the mutants screened exhibited more than 50 % increase in cyclohexanone oxidation activity. Compared to the wild type BVMO, the best mutants, Y499I, Y499F and Y499 L have shown about 12‐fold increase for caprolactone production.
Synthesis of Novel 5‐Substituted 6‐Phenylpyrrolo[2, 3‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives via One‐pot Three‐Component Reactions Under Catalyst‐Free Condition
Authors: Saroha Mohit , Khanna Garima , Khurana Jitender M.
Published: August 2017

An efficient synthesis of some novel 5‐subsituted 6‐phenyl pyrrolo[2, 3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives has been reported. The 5‐substitution has been reported with indoles, 1H‐pyrazol‐5(4H)‐one, and various heterocyclic/carbocyclic active methylene compounds. The synthesis has been achieved by one‐pot three‐component condensation of phenylglyoxal, 6‐amino‐1,3‐dimethyluracil and substituted indoles/1H‐pyrazol‐5(4H)‐one/ active methylene compounds in ethanol at reflux temperature under catalyst‐free condition.
Bio‐Inspired Rose‐Like Bi@Nitrogen‐Enriched Carbon towards High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lan Jin‐Le , Jin Yuqiang , Qin Chengjie , Yu Yunhua , Yang Xiaoping
Published: August 2017

Rose‐like Bi@N‐doped carbon nanocomposite was fabricate by a facile hydrothermal method, followed by polydopamine coating for different time and subsequent carbonization for the first time. Structural and morphological characterization shows that Bi@N‐doped carbon nanocomposite have a homogeneous rose‐like structure, with crystallized Bi nanoparticles embedded homogeneously in the carbon matrix. The optimal Bi@N‐doped carbon nanocomposite used as anode for rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) presents a reversible capacity of 712 mAh g−1 for initial cycle at a current density of 200 mA g−1 and exhibits outstanding cyclability with a capacity of 535 mAh g−1 after 450 cycles at 200 mA g−1. The outstanding electrochemical performance of the Bi@N‐doped carbon nanocomposite can be ascribed to the synergetic effects of various factors including the unique rose‐like structure, nano‐sized Bi particles and nitrogen doping carbon matrices.
Phosphorylated κ‐Carrageenan‐Facilitated Chitosan Nanovehicle for Sustainable Anti‐Tuberculosis Multi Drug Delivery
Authors: Amarnath Praphakar Rajendran , Alarfaj Abdulla A. , Munusamy Murugan A. , Dusthackeer Vijayan N. Azger , Kumar Subbiah Suresh , Rajan Mariappan
Published: August 2017

Phosphorylated κ‐carrageenan has the potential to exhibit higher antioxidant activity than other polysaccharides. Low‐molecular‐weight κ‐carrageenan polysaccharides (LMW κ‐CAR) were prepared through oxidative degradation of high‐molecular‐weight κ‐carrageenan, and LMW κ‐CAR subjected into phosphorylation. Phosphorylated κ‐carrageenan (PCAR)‐chitosan (CS) nanoparticles was prepared by emulsification technique, followed by ionic gelation technique. Rifampicin (RF) and isoniazid (INH) were used as model drugs and encapsulated in CS‐PCAR nanocarriers. The encapsulation of drugs (RF and INH) in the CS‐PCAR polymeric carrier was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The analysis of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) data demonstrated both RF and INH were loaded in the CS‐PCAR nanocarrier in an amorphous form. As observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), CS‐PCAR nanoparticles shows spherical structure with soft surface and exhibited good aggregation, whereas INH and RF loaded CS‐PCAR nanoparticles had varying shapes like hexagonal, that indicates their different compositions and structures. Encapsulation efficiency was determined by UV‐Vis, which was interrelated to the initial concentration of INH and RF. Cumulative release of RF and INH from CS‐PCAR nanoparticles was observed in in‐vitro studies. An initial, tremendous release was observed from both RF and INH drug formulated carriers, which was followed a regular prolonged releases. The outcome of the drug release was controlled by their drug quantity, indicating that the discharge could be suffered by concentration of drug. The results suggest that CS‐PCAR nanoparticles are a pretty system for simultaneous release of RF and INH in the treatment of tuberculosis.
Fluorescent N‐Heteroacene‐Based π‐Conjugated Liquid Responsive to HCl Vapor
Authors: Isoda Kyosuke , Sato Yuika , Matsukuma Daisuke
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we describe here the first room temperature π‐conjugated liquid based on N‐heteroacene framework showing a fluorescent property. This π‐conjugated liquid N‐heteroacene molecule is composed of branched‐long alkoxy chains and thiophene moieties. Also, N‐heteroacene‐based liquid itself can function as a stimuli‐responsive photofunctional material unlike room temperature π‐conjugated liquids reported previously. When a coated film prepared from this liquid was exposed to HCl vapor, an adsorption of HCl molecules occurred accompanied to the change in color of film from yellow to deep yellow. Moreover, emission colors of a coated film markedly changed from blue to yellow. This result indicates that this π‐conjugated liquid N‐heteroacene can function as stimuli‐responsive functional material.
Cobalt(II) Phthalocyanine Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzimidazoles, Benzothiazoles and Benzoxazoles from Substituted Benzyl Alcohols
Authors: Narang Uma , Yadav Kumar Karitkey , Bhattacharya Soumee , Chauhan Shive M. S.
Published: August 2017

Cobalt(II) phthalocyanine catalyzed one‐pot efficient synthetic procedure for the synthesis of 2‐substituted benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles and benzoxazoles has been developed by using molecular oxygen as an oxidant. Varieties of o‐substituted anilines were successfully used as the substrates for the current catalytic reaction and were transformed in good to excellent yields of products. Different electron rich and electron deficient benzyl alcohols are used as the substrates to give the excellent yield of products.
II3V2 (II: Zn, Cd; V: P, As) Semiconductors: From Bulk Solids to Colloidal Nanocrystals
Authors: Glassy Benjamin A. , Cossairt Brandi M.
Published: August 2017

II3V2 semiconductors have become increasingly popular for a variety of applications including solar light harvesting, near‐IR imaging, and low energy light detection. The bulk physical and electronic structure of these materials is highlighted, followed by an in‐depth survey on progress in synthesizing these semiconductors as colloidal nanocrystals. Interestingly, no universal synthetic approach has yet been developed to access all compounds within this family. A discussion on how the complex crystal structure of these materials translates to small domain sizes will highlight current challenges in the characterization of II3V2 nanocrystals. Finally, potential avenues for further research will be proposed as a way to advance this field towards greater utilization in light harvesting applications.
The properties of potato and cassava starch films combined with cellulose fibers and/or nanoclay
Authors: El Halal Shanise L. M. , Bruni Graziella P. , do Evangelho Jarine A. , Biduski Bárbara , Silva Francine T. , Dias Alvaro R. G. , da Rosa Zavareze Elessandra , de Mello Luvielmo Márcia
Published: August 2017

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate films produced from potato and cassava starches, reinforced with cellulose fibers and/or nanoclay. The films were elaborated with 4% starch, 30% glycerol, 20% cellulose fiber, and/or 5.0% nanoclay. The films were evaluated by physical, mechanical, and water vapor barriers, and morphological properties. The addition of nanoclay and cellulose simultaneously increased the tensile strength from 12.03 to 17.75 MPa and decreased the elongation from 13.81 to 0.94% of the potato starch films when compared to films without addition of these reinforcements. The addition of cellulose fibers and/or nanoclay increased the tensile strength of the cassava starch films. The water vapor permeability (WVP) of the films decreased with the addition of reinforcing agents, and the lowest WVP values were presented when cellulose and nanoclay were added simultaneously to the starch films. A synergistic effect between the cellulose and the nanoclay in the constitution of the film promoted a lower WVP value. The addition of cellulose increased the water solubility from 14.7 to 19.6% of the potato starch films. The addition of reinforcement agents in potato starch films produced more resistant films with a moderate solubility, thus can be used as a biodegradable sachet to release systems.
Analysis of reactive power strategies in HVDC‐connected wind power plant clusters
Authors: Schönleber Kevin , Ratés‐Palau Sergi , Gomis‐Bellmunt Oriol
Published: August 2017

Offshore wind power plants (WPPs) built near each other but far from shore usually connect to the main grid by a common high‐voltage DC (HVDC) transmission system. In the resulting decoupled offshore grid, the wind turbine converters and the high‐voltage DC voltage‐source converter share the ability to inject or absorb reactive power. The overall reactive power control dispatch influences the power flows in the grid and hence the associated power losses. This paper evaluates the respective power losses in HVDC‐connected WPP clusters when applying 5 different reactive power control strategies. The case study is made for a 1.2‐GW–rated cluster comprising 3 WPP and is implemented in a combined load flow and converter loss model. A large set of feasible operating points for the system is analyzed for each strategy. The results show that a selection of simulations with equal wind speeds is sufficient for the annual energy production comparison. It is found that the continuous operation of the WPPs with unity power factor has a superior performance with low communication requirements compared with the other conventional strategies. The optimization‐based strategy, which is developed in this article, allows a further reduction of losses mainly because of the higher offshore grid voltage level imposed by the high‐voltage DC voltage‐source converter. Reactive power control in HVDC‐connected WPP clusters change significantly the overall power losses of the system, which depend rather on the total sum of the injected active power than on the variance of wind speeds inside the cluster.
Reducing diacetyl production of wine by overexpressingBDH1andBDH2inSaccharomyces uvarum
Authors: Li Ping , Guo Xuewu , Shi Tingting , Hu Zhihui , Chen Yefu , Du Liping , Xiao Dongguang
Published: August 2017

As a byproduct of yeast valine metabolism during fermentation, diacetyl can produce a buttery aroma in wine. However, high diacetyl concentrations generate an aromatic off-flavor and poor quality in wine. 2,3-Butanediol dehydrogenase encoded by BDH1 can catalyze the two reactions of acetoin from diacetyl and 2,3-butanediol from acetoin. BDH2 is a gene adjacent to BDH1, and these genes are regulated reciprocally. In this study, BDH1 and BDH2 were overexpressed in Saccharomyces uvarum to reduce the diacetyl production of wine either individually or in combination. Compared with those in the host strain WY1, the diacetyl concentrations in the recombinant strains WY1-1 with overexpressed BDH1, WY1-2 with overexpressed BDH2 alone, and WY1-12 with co-overexpressed BDH1 and BDH2 were decreased by 39.87, 33.42, and 46.71%, respectively. BDH2 was only responsible for converting diacetyl into acetoin, but not for the metabolic pathway of acetoin to 2,3-butanediol in S. uvarum. This study provided valuable insights into diacetyl reduction in wine.
Preparation and Characterization of Camelina sativa Protein Isolates and Mucilage
Authors: Sarv Viive , Trass Olev , Diosady Levente L.
Published: August 2017

Processes for the production of protein isolates from camerlina Camelina sativa were developed by modifying the procedure used for other seeds from the Brassicaceae family, such as rapeseed and mustard. The procedure consisted of defatting the seed followed by alkaline extraction at pH 11, ultra‐ and diafiltration using a 5‐kDa membrane, isolelectric precipitation of the proteins at pH 5 and recovery of the acid soluble protein isolates (SPI) after further filtration and drying. Protein yields as precipitated protein isolate and SPI were 10.7 and 11.4%, containing 67 and 42%, respectively. Due to the high concentration of mucilage in camelina, a water‐to‐seed ratio of 30 had to be used for protein extraction from the hexane‐defatted seed and most of the mucilage had to be removed prior to the defatting process. A rapid mucilage extraction process using water at 55 °C was developed. Camelina mucilage absorbs water and oil. Viscosity measurements of dried and redissolved mucilage showed the highest values at natural pH, and the viscosity increased rapidly above 1% solids concentration. It may be a useful product in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Duties to Care
Authors: Harding Rosie
Published: August 2017

The world of dementia care can be a difficult one for carers to navigate, posing new challenges at every stage from diagnosis to end of life. In her ground-breaking investigation, rooted in original empirical data, Rosie Harding explores the regulatory and legal dimensions of caring for a person with dementia. By exploring carers' experiences of dementia care, she critiques the limitations of current approaches to health and social care regulation. This socio-legal work is a new contribution to the study of feminist care ethics, relationality, and vulnerability theory. Duties to Care argues that by understanding the relational contexts that shape everyday experiences of regulatory structures, we will better understand where law is operating to support carers, and where it adds to the difficulties they experience. Ultimately, the challenges that dementia poses will be addressed only if we find solutions that take account of the relationality of life, dementia, and law.
Prescribing Pattern for Parkinson’s Disease in Indian Community before Referral to Tertiary Center
Authors: Surathi Pratibha , Kamble Nitish , Bhalsing Ketaki Swapnil , Yadav Ravi , Pal Pramod Kumar
Published: August 2017

Background: Several factors determine the choice of medications in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). We aimed to analyze the pattern of prescription of drugs in patients with PD before attending a tertiary-care center. Methods: The study included chart review of 800 PD patients attending the Department of Neurology of the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences in Bangalore, India. Results: The mean age at onset was 51.1±11.8 years. The mean duration of illness was 41.7±43.6 months. At first visit, 79.4% (group 1, n=635) of patients were on medications, 10% (group 2, n=80) were on medications but later discontinued, and 10.6% (group 3, n=85) were drug-naïve. Overall, levodopa was prescribed in 94.8%, trihexyphenidyl in 40.4%, dopamine agonists in 23.2%, and amantadine in 17.2% either as monotherapy or in combination. In group 1, 37.8% were on monotherapy, with levodopa being the most commonly used agent (33.1%), followed by trihexyphenidyl (2.2%), dopamine agonists (1.6%), and amantadine (0.6%). Among those on polytherapy, levodopa plus trihexyphenidyl was the preferred combination (23.9%). In group 2, levodopa monotherapy was also most common (72.5%), followed by trihexyphenidyl monotherapy (7.5%). Conclusions: Levodopa and trihexyphenidyl were the most commonly prescribed drugs in our patients. A higher use of trihexyphenidyl could be due to its easy availability, low cost, and better tolerability in our patients, who were relatively young at the time of onset of their disease. The choice of antiparkinsonian medications at the primary and secondary care levels in India may be inappropriate, and newer guidelines tailored to the Indian context are warranted.
Thrust generation from pitching foils with flexible trailing edge flaps
Authors: David M. Jimreeves , Govardhan R. N. , Arakeri J. H.
Published: August 2017

In the present experimental study, we investigate thrust production from a pitching flexible foil in a uniform flow. The flexible foils studied comprise a rigid foil in the front (chord length $c_{R}$) that is pitched sinusoidally at a frequency $f$, with a flexible flap of length $c_{F}$ and flexural rigidity $EI$ attached to its trailing edge. We investigate thrust generation for a range of flexural rigidities ($EI$) and flap length to total chord ratio ($c_{F}/c$), with the mean thrust ($\overline{C_{T}}$) and the efficiency of thrust generation ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}$) being directly measured in each case. The thrust in the rigid foil cases, as expected, is found to be primarily due to the normal force on the rigid foil ($\overline{C_{TN}}$) with the chordwise or axial thrust contribution ($\overline{C_{TA}}$) being small and negative. In contrast, in the flexible foil cases, the axial contribution to thrust becomes important. We find that using a non-dimensional flexural rigidity parameter ($R^{\ast }$) defined as $R^{\ast }=EI/(0.5\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}U^{2}c_{F}^{3})$ appears to combine the independent effects of variations in $EI$ and $c_{F}/c$ at a given value of the reduced frequency ($k=\unicode[STIX]{x03C0}fc/U$) for the range of $c_{F}/c$ values studied here ($U$ is free-stream velocity; $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}$ is fluid density). At $k\approx 6$, the peak mean thrust coefficient is found to be about 100 % higher than the rigid foil thrust, and occurs at $R^{\ast }$ value of approximately 8, while the peak efficiency is found to be approximately 300 % higher than the rigid foil efficiency and occurs at a distinctly different $R^{\ast }$ value of close to 0.01. Corresponding to these two optimal flexural rigidity parameter values, we find two distinct flap deflection shapes; the peak thrust corresponding to a mode 1 type simple bending of the flap with no inflection points, while the peak efficiency corresponds to a distinctly different deflection profile having an inflection point along the flap. The peak thrust condition is found to be close to the ‘resonance’ condition for the first mode natural frequency of the flexible flap in still water. In both these optimal cases, we find that it is the axial contribution to thrust that dominates ($\overline{C_{TA}}\gg \overline{C_{TN}}$), in contrast to the rigid foil case. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements for the flexible cases show significant differences in the strength and arrangement of the wake vortices in these two cases.
Human and Dog Consumption of Fish on the Lower Ob River of Siberia: Evidence for a Major Freshwater Reservoir Effect at the Ust’-Polui Site
Authors: Losey Robert J , Fleming Lacey S , Nomokonova Tatiana , Gusev Andrei V , Fedorova Natalia V , Garvie-Lok Sandra , Bachura Olga P , Kosintsev Pavel A , Sablin Mikhail V
Published: August 2017

Ust’-Polui is one of the most extensively studied archaeological sites in the western Siberian Arctic. New radiocarbon (14C) dates for charcoal, faunal remains, bark, hide, and human bone from this site are presented. When modeled, the charcoal dates span from ~260 BC to 140 AD, overlapping with the dendrochronology dates from the site. These dates also overlap with the expected age of the site based on artefact typology. 14C dates on reindeer bone have a slightly younger modeled age range, from ~110 BC to 350 AD. In contrast, dates on the site’s numerous dog remains, and on human and fish bone, all predate these modeled age ranges by over 500 years, despite being from the same deposits. Several sets of paired dates demonstrate significant age differences. Bone dates with lower δ13C values tend to be over 500 years older than those with higher δ13C values. Stable isotope data for the humans, dogs, and other faunal remains are also presented. These data suggest the dogs and the humans were regularly consuming freshwater fish. The dogs were probably fed fish by their human counterparts. Overall, the dog and human dietary patterns at Ust’-Polui created 14C dates biased with major freshwater reservoir effects.
ALMOST INVARIANT HALF-SPACES FOR OPERATORS ON HILBERT SPACE
Authors: JUNG IL BONG , KO EUNGIL , PEARCY CARL
Published: August 2017

The theory of almost invariant half-spaces for operators on Banach spaces was begun recently and is now under active development. Much less attention has been given to almost invariant half-spaces for operators on Hilbert space, where some techniques and results are available that are not present in the more general context of Banach spaces. In this note, we begin such a study. Our much simpler and shorter proofs of the main theorems have important consequences for the matricial structure of arbitrary operators on Hilbert space.
WEAK HAAGERUP PROPERTY OF-CROSSED PRODUCTS
Authors: MENG QING
Published: August 2017

We show that if $M\,\bar{\rtimes }_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}\,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ has the weak Haagerup property, then both $M$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ have the weak Haagerup property, and if $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ is an amenable group, then the weak Haagerup property of $M$ implies that of $M\,\bar{\rtimes }_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}\,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$. We also give a condition under which the weak Haagerup property for $M$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ implies that of $M\,\bar{\rtimes }_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}\,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$.
International Institutions and Political Liberalization: Evidence from the World Bank Loans Program
Authors: Carnegie Allison , Samii Cyrus
Published: August 2017

How do international institutions affect political liberalization in member states? Motivated by an examination of the World Bank loans program, this article shows that institutions can incentivize liberalization by offering opportunities for countries to become associated with advanced, wealthy members. In the World Bank, when a loan recipient reaches a specified level of economic development, it becomes eligible to graduate from borrower status to lender status. Using a regression discontinuity design, the study demonstrates that this incentive motivates states to improve their domestic behavior with respect to human rights and democracy. Combining qualitative and quantitative evidence, the results suggest that the desire to become a member of this elite group is responsible for motivating member states to reform due to the belief that such membership brings diffuse international and domestic benefits.
Entrepreneurship in the textbook business in modern East Asia: Kinkōdō of Meiji Japan and the Commercial Press of early twentieth-century China
Authors: So Billy K.L. , So Sufumi
Published: August 2017

This article compares the ways in which two major textbook publishers in East Asia – namely Kinkōdō in Meiji Japan and the Commercial Press in early twentieth-century China – practised the Western model of corporations to build a new kind of publishing business in their respective societies, which were undergoing significant transformation. The study suggests that, although the use of the model could imply global business convergence, its transplantation process was largely shaped by entrepreneurs who negotiated the Western model as an alternative newly opened to them and brought to light variant forms of practice tailored to serve their own aspirations in corporate directions such as industrial integration and ownership structure. The two cases present two distinct patterns of developing a new textbook publishing business under the same corporation model.
Calculation of full-pattern neutron time-of-flight (TOF) powder diffraction patterns
Authors: Faber J.
Published: August 2017

The ICDD has implemented an option in Powder Diffraction File (PDF)-4 products to calculate time-of-flight (TOF) neutron powder diffraction patterns using atomic coordinates and structure information (the PDF-4+ 2016 has 271 499 entries that contain atomic coordinates and structure data). The calculated pattern data are used to populate PDF data cells and entries that contain d-spaces and neutron intensities, and are also available for calculated on-the-fly fully digitized patterns. To extend this on-the-fly capability, we include size and strain effects that affect the profile shapes. For specific application to TOF neutron diffraction full pattern analyses, a method was developed for calculating a background function. This method treats incoherent scattering and a zeroth order approximation to thermal diffuse scattering. The results are compared with experimental data from SRM 640C (Si), SRM 676 (Al2O3 corundum), SRM 660C (LaB6), and NAC (Na2La3Al2F14) instrument standards. Finally, a comparison of the calculated total patterns (Bragg scattering plus background) scattering contrast between Nd2Ni2InD7.52 and Nd2Ni2InH7.52 shows the value of neutron scattering simulation for planning experiments.
MAPPING MATACANELA: THE COMPLEMENTARY WORK OF LIDAR AND TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY IN SOUTHERN VERACRUZ, MEXICO
Authors: Venter Marcie L. , Shields Carl R. , Cuevas Ordóñez Mauricio Damián
Published: August 2017

We systematically compare methods used for topographical mapping of the archaeological site of Matacanela, located in the Tuxtla Mountains of Veracruz. Specifically, we compare the results of ArcMap 10.2–processed, publically accessible LiDAR-derived data, collected and distributed for no charge by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) in Mexico–with the results of traditional topographical mapping, undertaken using a Sokkia total station. These INEGI data are coarse-grained in comparison to many of the pay-for-service LiDAR datasets that have been generated for Mesoamerican sites and regions, such as Caracol (Chase et al. 2011, 2012, 2014), Izapa (Rosenswig et al. 2013), and Tres Zapotes (Loughlin et al. 2016). Here, we consider the two approaches and the type and quality of data achieved by each, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of using either approach alone. We strongly encourage scholars working in Mexico to avail themselves of these data whenever appropriate.
The Coronation Oath
Authors: Watt Graeme
Published: August 2017

The oath taken by British sovereigns at their coronations is laid down by a statute dating from 1688. Any oath taken other than in accordance with the correct statutory form is contrary to law. Taking the authorised form of the oath is a condition on which the crown is held by any individual. The oath taken by the present sovereign omitted the promise to govern according to the statutes agreed upon in Parliament. Any variance from the statutory form is problematic but the clause omitted is the clause that most clearly expresses the central concern of the Williamite settlement. The deficiencies in the oath taken, while reasonably apparent, do not appear to have been judicially recognised hitherto. The legal basis of the present oath has been raised in the political sphere but potential difficulties have been set aside on grounds of expediency. Given the unlawfulness of the oath taken, there is a political and constitutional imperative in establishing that deficiencies in the oath do not fatally taint the reign which follows. This article will advance two possible legal means of reconciling an improper oath with a perfectly valid reign.
Banns of Marriage: Their Development and (Possible) Future
Authors: Pocklington David , Cranmer Frank
Published: August 2017

A marriage in the Church of England or the Church in Wales may take place following the publication of banns of marriage (preferably during morning service) on three Sundays, by special licence of the Archbishop of Canterbury, by common licence or on the authority of a certificate issued by a superintendent registrar. Reports of the death of the church wedding have been somewhat exaggerated: in 2014, the Church of England conducted almost 50,000 weddings, while the Church in Wales conducted just over 3,000.
Evaluating capacity-building for mental health system strengthening in low- and middle-income countries for service users and caregivers, service planners and researchers
Authors: Hanlon C. , Semrau M. , Alem A. , Abayneh S. , Abdulmalik J. , Docrat S. , Evans-Lacko S. , Gureje O. , Jordans M. , Lempp H. , Mugisha J. , Petersen I. , Shidhaye R. , Thornicroft G.
Published: August 2017

Efforts to support the scale-up of integrated mental health care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) need to focus on building human resource capacity in health system strengthening, as well as in the direct provision of mental health care. In a companion editorial, we describe a range of capacity-building activities that are being implemented by a multi-country research consortium (Emerald: Emerging mental health systems in low- and middle-income countries) for (1) service users and caregivers, (2) service planners and policy-makers and (3) researchers in six LMICs (Ethiopia, India, Nepal, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda). In this paper, we focus on the methodology being used to evaluate the impact of capacity-building in these three target groups. We first review the evidence base for approaches to evaluation of capacity-building, highlighting the gaps in this area. We then describe the adaptation of best practice for the Emerald capacity-building evaluation. The resulting mixed method evaluation framework was tailored to each target group and to each country context. We identified a need to expand the evidence base on indicators of successful capacity-building across the different target groups. To address this, we developed an evaluation plan to measure the adequacy and usefulness of quantitative capacity-building indicators when compared with qualitative evaluation. We argue that evaluation needs to be an integral part of capacity-building activities and that expertise needs to be built in methods of evaluation. The Emerald evaluation provides a potential model for capacity-building evaluation across key stakeholder groups and promises to extend understanding of useful indicators of success.
Ambiguous Authority:Juan de Frías and the Audiencia of Santo Domingo Confront the Conquistador Antonio Sedeño (1537)
Authors: Perri Michael
Published: August 2017

On May 19, 1537, in a region of the Pearl Coast, two armed factions of Spaniards challenged one another on the banks of the Unare River in what would become eastern Venezuela (see Figure 1). Licenciado Juan de Frías and his smaller force of about 80 men confronted a large party under the command of the conquistador Antonio Sedeño. Frías professed to represent the crown by charge of the Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo, which had bestowed on him avara del rey(staff of the king, symbolizing royal authority) and sent him off to arrest Sedeño. Sedeño likewise maintained that he had royal authority, citing hiscapitulación(contract of conquest) for the nearby island of Trinidad and letters from Empress Isabel, wife of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (King Charles I of Spain) and regent of Spain from 1529–32 and 1535–39. In their confrontation, both Frías and Sedeño claimed to represent the will of the king.
First clinical experience with the Multi-LOC multiple stent delivery system for focal stenting in long femoro-popliteal lesions
Authors: Amendt Klaus , Beschorner Ulrich , Waliszewski Matthias , Sigl Martin , Langhoff Ralf , Thalwitzer Jörg , Redlich Ulf , Vogel Britta , Härtel Dirk , Zeller Thomas
Published: August 2017

Abstract. ﻿Background:﻿ The purpose of this observational study is to report the six-month clinical outcomes with a new multiple stent delivery system in patients with femoro-popliteal lesions. ﻿Patients and methods:﻿ The LOCOMOTIVE study is an observational multicentre study with a primary endpoint target lesion revascularization (TLR) rate at six months. Femoro-popliteal lesions were prepared with uncoated and/or paclitaxel-coated peripheral balloon catheters. When flow limiting dissections, elastic recoil or recoil due to calcification required stenting, up to six short stents per delivery device, each 13 mm in length, were implanted. Sonographic follow-ups and clinical assessments were scheduled at six months. ﻿Results:﻿ For this first analysis, a total of 75 patients 72.9 ± 9.2 years of age were enrolled. The majority of the 176 individually treated lesions were in the superficial femoral artery (76.2 %, 134/176) whereas the rate of TASC C/D amounted to 51.1 % (90/176). The total lesion length was 14.5 ± 9.0 cm with reference vessel diameters of 5.6 ± 0.7 mm. Overall 47 ± 18 % of lesion lengths could be saved from stenting. At six months, the patency was 90.7 % (68/75) and all-cause TLR rates were 5.3 % (4/75) in the overall cohort. ﻿Conclusions:﻿ The first clinical experience at six months suggests that the MSDS strategy was safe and effective to treat femoro-popliteal lesions of considerable length (14.5 ± 9.0 cm). Almost half of the lesion length could be saved from stenting while patency was high and TLR rates were acceptably low.
Beeinträchtigter Start ins Leben
Authors: Hohm Erika , Zohsel Katrin , Schmidt Martin H. , Esser Günter , Brandeis Daniel , Banaschewski Tobias , Laucht Manfred
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung. Postpartale Depressionen sind häufige und schwerwiegende psychische Erkrankungen mit ungünstigem Einfluss auf die kindliche Entwicklung. Als Haupttransmissionsweg gilt die frühe Mutter-Kind-Interaktion. Über die langfristigen Auswirkungen auf die Kinder im Erwachsenenalter und die Rolle der Interaktion liegen kaum Ergebnisse vor. Im Rahmen der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie wurden postpartale Depressionen bis zwei Jahre nach der Geburt erfasst. Die kindliche Entwicklung wurde fortlaufend und die Mutter-Kind-Interaktion im Alter von 3 Monaten standardisiert erhoben. 28 Kinder postpartal depressiver und 107 Kinder gesunder Mütter konnten mit 25 Jahren untersucht werden. Beeinträchtigungen der kognitiven und psychischen Entwicklung bei Kindern postpartal depressiver Mütter waren bis ins Erwachsenenalter nachweisbar. Responsives bzw. sensitives mütterliches Verhalten wirkte der negativen Entwicklung entgegen. Dies betont die Bedeutung einer hohen Qualität der Mutter-Kind-Interaktion für die Entwicklung von Risikokindern.
Using a Systems-Based Risk Score Approach to Examine Genetic	Predisposition to Novelty Seeking
Authors: Conner Bradley T. , Hellemann Gerhard S. , Demianczyk Abigail C. , Ritchie Terry , Noble Ernest P.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Previous research is mixed regarding the relation between dopamine and Novelty Seeking. The goals of the current study were to support the hypotheses that Novelty Seeking is associated with dopamine genes and that modeling genetic risk score increases the utility of genetic information in hypothesis-driven research. The results showed that higher hypodopaminergic genetic risk score positively predicted higher Novelty Seeking score, F(1, 115) = 5.76, p < .01, R2 = 0.06. The findings support study hypotheses and, in combination with previous studies, show the utility of empirically validated system-based risk scores as a means of modeling genetic predisposition in neurobiological systems. This approach provides a mechanism for incorporating genetic predisposition into theory-driven multivariate etiological models of psychological constructs such as personality and mental illness.
The Legacy of the 1992 Nicaragua Tsunami
Authors: Arcos Nicolas , Dunbar Paula , Stroker Kelly , Kong Laura
Published: August 2017

A powerful tsunami struck Nicaragua’s Pacific coast 25 years ago. In its wake emerged the first coordinated collaboration among international tsunami scientists.
Cardamonin induces ROS-mediated G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis through inhibition of NF-κB pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Li Yuting , Qin You , Yang Chensu , Zhang Haibo , Li Yong , Wu Bian , Huang Jing , Zhou Xiaoshu , Huang Bo , Yang Kunyu , Wu Gang
Published: August 2017

Cardamonin has been demonstrated to have an inhibitory effect in many cancers, but its underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we studied, for the first time, the mechanism of cardamonin-induced nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell death both in vitro and in vivo. In our study, we showed that cardamonin inhibited cancer cell growth by inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via accumulation of ROS. NF-κB activation was involved in breaking cellular redox homeostasis. Therefore, our results provided new insight into the mechanism of the antitumor effect of cardamonin, supporting cardamonin as a prospective therapeutic drug in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by modulating intracellular redox balance.