bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CAPABILITIES OF POLYETHYLENE-CERAMIC COMPOSITE IN COMPARISON WITH POLYETHYLENE FILM IN REAL OPERATION CONDITIONS
Authors:   Institute of Materials Science of the SPA “Physics-Sun” of the Academy of Science of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan, RAKHIMOV RUSTAM , YERMAKOV VLADIMIR , RAKHIMOV MUROD , MUKHTOROV DILMUROD ,   Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Republic of Uzbekista
Published: October 2022

This article presents the results of full-scale tests of a polyethylene-ceramic composite in real conditions, at an altitude of 1100 meters above sea level. This is due to the fact that at this height the level of UV, which destroys polyethylene, is significantly higher than at sea level. In parallel, the results of testing a conventional polyethylene film were also carried out, for a comparative assessment of effectiveness.
EVALUATIVE LANGUAGE FEATURES ON HOAX RELATED TO METH DRUGS IN DEALING WITH COVID 19 VIRUS
Authors: Situmeang Anleny , Kurniawan Muhammad Hafiz
Published: October 2022

Hoax news related to Covid 19 pandemic was spread in the US. In some cases, it is rather difficult to differentiate between real and fake news. Therefore, this study has an aim to analyse the evaluative features of online news using appraisal theory on the attitude subsystem. The appraising items focused on attitude division in the Huzlers about Corona Virus published in 2020 as the fake news and NBC news in 2012 as the real news regarding to the use of Meth to deal with Flu virus. Both news are American Media and were published online. This main purpose of this research is to explain the realization of fake and real news with the similar topics. The data used in this study was taken from Huzlers and NBC news and was collected in three steps: comparing, intensive reading, and transcribing. Moreover, the data were analysed into three steps: classifying, categorizing and analysing using Attitude theory which is one of appraisal theory aspects in SFL discourse semantics (Martin, J. R., & Rose 2007, Martin & White 2005, Martin 2019). The results of this study found that both news, real and fake news are dominated by appreciation. However, in fake news there is a tendency that the positive polarity is used to favour meth drugs, meanwhile in real news, it shows the polarity in balance. In addition, in fake news, there is also a tendency to use judgment to appraise the people involved in the meth drugs research.
ERROR ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH TO INDONESIA SUBTITLE IN THE WAY WAY BACK MOVIE
Authors: Aldinata Dyansyah , Hilman Evert Haryanto
Published: October 2022

This research aims to find the error analysis that can be found in The Way, Way Back (2013) movie. The source data was taken from English to Indonesian subtitles. Based on Carl James theory (2008) there are substance error, text error, grammar error and lexical error. There are also two causes of errors: interlingual and intralingual. This research used a descriptive qualitative method. Error analysis occurs because lack of vocabulary, words, and structure. To finished this study, the researcher watched the movie, gather the data and pick which word that had error analysis. Based on the data analysis there were lexical errors and text error that found in 100 data, which consist 44 lexical errors (44%) 56 text errors (56%) 3 grammar errors (3%) and 1 substance errors (1%). The cause of error, 64 interlingual (64%) and 36 intralingual (36%)
STUDENT PERCEPTIONS ON PARTS OF SPEECH AFTER TAKING INTEGRATED ENGLISH
Authors: Maili Sjafty Nursitti  NP , Sondari Endang
Published: October 2022

This article discussed about perception students on parts of speech after taking Integrated English. The purpose of this research is to know the student’s perception about Parts of Speech such as noun, pronoun, verbs, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction and interjection. Problems is students still confuse to put words of parts of speech in a sentence, so the researcher wanted to know what is students’ perceptions on Parts of Speech after taking Integrated English. The method of this study is qualitative research which data was obtained with taking a note from WhatsApp. Michael Patton and Michael Cohran (2002,3) in Sihatul, M (2020) Qualitative research is characteristic by it is aim, which relate to understanding some aspects of social life, and it is methods which (in general) generate words, rather that numbers, as data for analysis.  Based on the result of the research, the researchers found the students perception on the parts of speech; First, from ten students as taken data only five students got felt difficult to learn Parts of speech; Second, the students’ perception about Parts of Speech are Positive.
CODE SWITCHING FOUND IN RESEARCHERS’ WHATSAPP GROUP “SITADEWIKU”: HOW DOES CODE SWITCHING OCCUR?
Authors: Artiasih Putu , Jayantini I Gusti Agung Sri Rwa
Published: October 2022

This study focuses on the analysis of code-switching of Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar’s Synergy of Bird Conservation with Customary Village Community to Promote Demulih Bangli as a Green and Harmonious Virtual Educational Tourism or in Indonesian is Sinergi Konservasi Burung Bersama Desa Adat dalam Mempromosikan Bukit Demulih Bangli sebagai Kawasan Wisata Edukasi Virtual yang Hijau dan Berkicau (henceforth SITADEWIKU) researchers.  This study aimed at identifying the types and the function of code-switching on the Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar’s researchers WhatsApp group. It was found that 15 text messages show code-switching. The descriptive qualitative method was applied in this research. The types of code switching were analyzed using Romaine's ( 1995))theory, and the function of code-switching was analyzed using the theory of there were three types of code-switching found by the researchers: tag-switching, inter-sentential, and the last one is intra-sentential. The results showed that from 15 data texts the majority of the data used by the members of the research was intra-sentential switching. In terms of function, based on the theory used there were six functions of code-switching from the data above, namely referential function, directive function, expressive function, phatic function, metalinguistic function, and poetic function. The expressive function is the most commonly used function of code-switching found.
SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS ON KIMETSU NO YAIBA MOVIE POSTERS
Authors: Andriani Diyah Iis , Anti Dewi Yuli
Published: October 2022

This research is aimed to explain the types of semiotic signs and symbols, the denotations and connotations meaning of signs and symbols found in the posters on Kimetsu no Yaiba. The researchers use the descriptive qualitative method to identify, analyze, and explain the signs and symbols in Kimetsu no Yaiba the movie posters. The theory used by the researchers in carrying out this research is the theory of Dyer (2009) to analyze the types of semiotic signs and symbols. In addition, Barthes’ theory (1983) is used to analyze the denotation and connotation meaning. The data in the analysis chapter are taken from pictures, words, expressions, and colors in four posters on Kimetsu no Yaiba the Movie. The results of this research show that there are 26 symbols consisting of both verbal and visual signs, each of which is viewed from the meaning of denotation and connotation. Further, after translating the symbols and signs using the theory of Dyer (2009) and Barthes (1983), it is found that the meanings revealed give a teaser or clue about the story which tells about the journey in carrying out missions.
Setting the cultural agenda for domestic readers: A corpus analysis of news translation in Culture Weekly
Authors: Ping Yuan
Published: October 2022

Drawing on the notion of cultural translation and agenda-setting theory, this study examines the role that translation plays in facilitating cross-linguistic and cross-cultural communication within the context of news translation. It is based on a case study ofCulture Weekly—a four-page section published every Monday inReference News, the most widely circulated daily newspaper in China. This study analyzes a comparable corpus of Chinese news articles fromCulture Weeklyand their English-language versions from various media outlets between February and March 2022. The study finds that the newspaper mainly used strategies of acculturation and literal translation and that it set the agenda for its domestic readers by highlighting particular cultural issues and disseminating certain cultural values. This case study provides insight into how news translation, as a form of recontextualization, strikes a delicate balance between accuracy and acceptability and how it mediates between source and target cultures within the institutional setting. The resulting translation reflects the editorial attitudes of the media outlet toward various cultural issues and manifests the relationship between the newspaper and its readership.
Prevalence and risk factors of diabetic foot disease among the people with type 2 diabetes using real-world practice data from Catalonia during 2018
Authors: Bundó Magdalena , Vlacho Bogdan , Llussà Judit , Puig-Treserra Ramon , Mata-Cases Manel , Cos Xavier , Jude Edward B. , Franch-Nadal Josep , Mauricio Dídac
Published: October 2022

Background

Our study aimed to assess the prevalence of diabetic foot disease (DFD) and its associated risk factors among subjects attending primary care centers in Catalonia (Spain).

Methods

We undertook a cross-sectional analysis of data from the primary health care (SIDIAP) database. The presence of comorbidities and concomitant medication were analyzed for subjects with or without DFD. DFD prevalence was estimated from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018.

Results

During the 12-month observational period, out of 394,266 people with type 2 diabetes, we identified 3,277 (0.83%) active episodes of DFD in the database. The majority of these episodes were foot ulcers (82%). The mean age of patients with DFD was 70.3 (± 12.5) years and 55% were male. In the multivariable descriptive models, male gender, diabetes duration, hypertension, macrovascular, microvascular complications, and insulin and antiplatelet agents were strongly associated with DFD. A previous history of DFD was the stronger risk factor for DFD occurrence in subjects with T2DM (OR: 13.19, 95%CI: 11.81; 14.72).

Conclusions

In this real-world primary care practice database, we found a lower prevalence of DFD compared to similar previous studies. Risk factors such as male sex, duration of diabetes, diabetes complications and previous history of DFD were associated with the presence of DFD.
Obesity is associated with greater cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Xing Zhenhua , Long Chen , Hu Xinqun , Chai Xiangping
Published: October 2022

Background

The impact of obesity on cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate whether obesity, assessed by body mass index (BMI) was associated with cognitive function among T2DM patients and whether the effect of obesity on cognitive function was through brain structure.

Methods

This was a post-hoc analysis of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes–Memory in Diabetes (ACCORD-MIND) study. The cognitive test battery included the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and STROOP test, which were administered at baseline, and at 20, 40, and 80 months. A subgroup (n = 614) of the ACCORD-MIND study underwent MRI scanning at baseline and at 40 and 80 months. The total brain volume (TBV), abnormal white matter volume (AWM), abnormal gray matter volume (AGM), and abnormal basal ganglia volume (ABG) were estimated. The outcomes of this study were cognitive function and brain structure.

Results

In the adjusted analyses, BMI was positively associated with the MMSE (β:0.08, 95%CI,0.01-0.16, per standard deviation [SD] increase) and RAVLT scores (β:0.09, 95%CI,0.01-0.18). It was also associated with a greater TBV (β:7.48, 95%CI,0.29-14.67). BMI was not associated with the DSST or STROOP scores, and AWM, AGM, ABG. Mediation analysis found that the effect of BMI on MMSE/RAVLT was mediated through TBV.

Conclusion

Obesity may be associated with greater cognitive function and the effect of BMI on cognitive function may be mediated by TBV among patients with T2DM.

Clinical Trial Registration

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT00000620.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell mitochondrial copy number and adenosine triphosphate inhibition test in NAFLD
Authors: Lee A-Hyeon , Oh Ju Hee , Kim Hyun Sung , Shin Jeong-Hun , Yoon Eileen L. , Jun Dae Won
Published: October 2022

Background and aim

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. This study aims to develop biomarkers for assessing mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with NAFLD.

Methods

Mitochondrion-associated transcriptome analysis was performed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from patients with NAFLD (69) and healthy controls (19) were used to determine the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. A mitochondrial inhibition substrate test (ATP assay) was performed in HepG2 cells using the patient serum.

Results

Hepatic mRNA transcriptome analysis showed that the gene expression related to mitochondrial functions (mitochondrial fusion, apoptotic signal, and mitochondrial envelope) increased in patients with steatohepatitis, but not in those with NAFL. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the upregulated expression of genes is related to the pathways of the tricarboxylic (TCA) cycle and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication in patients with steatohepatitis, but not in healthy controls. The mtDNA copy number in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells was 1.28-fold lower in patients with NAFLD than that in healthy controls (P <.0001). The mitochondrial inhibition substrate test showed that the cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration was 1.2-fold times less in NAFLD patients than that in healthy controls (P <.0001). The mtDNA copy number and mitochondrial ATP inhibition substrate test demonstrated negative correlations with the degree of hepatic steatosis, whereas the ATP concentration showed a positive correlation with the mtDNA copy number.

Conclusion

The mitochondrial copy number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and mitochondrial ATP inhibition substrate can be used as biomarkers for assessing the mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with NAFLD.
Case report: HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplant with posttransplant cyclophosphamide in a patient with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I
Authors: Yamashita Motoi , Eguchi Shiori , Tomomasa Dan , Kamiya Takahiro , Niizato Daiki , Mitsuiki Noriko , Isoda Takeshi , Funakoshi Hanako , Mizuno Yuki , Okamoto Kentaro , Nguyen Tuan Minh , Takada Hidetoshi , Takagi Masatoshi , Imai Kohsuke , Morio Tomohiro , Kanegane Hirokazu
Published: October 2022

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD-I) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of immunity (IEI) caused by the defects in CD18, encoded by the ITGB2 gene. LAD-I is characterized by defective leukocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium and impaired migration of leukocytes. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is the only curative treatment for LAD-I. In an absence of ideal donor for HCT, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-haploidentical HCT is performed. Posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PT-CY) is a relatively new graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylactic measure and has been increasingly used in HLA-haploidentical HCT for malignant and nonmalignant diseases. However, experience in using PT-CY for rare IEIs, such as LAD-I, is very limited. We report a case of LAD-I successfully treated with HLA-haploidentical HCT with PT-CY. Complete chimerism was achieved, and the patient was cured. Her transplant course was complicated by mild GVHD, cytomegalovirus reactivation and veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, which were successfully treated. HLA-haploidentical HCT with PT-CY is a safe and effective option for patients with LAD-I when HLA-matched donors are unavailable.
Protection from COVID-19 with a VSV-based vaccine expressing the spike and nucleocapsid proteins
Authors: O’Donnell Kyle L. , Gourdine Tylisha , Fletcher Paige , Clancy Chad S. , Marzi Andrea
Published: October 2022

Successful vaccine efforts countering the COVID-19 pandemic are centralized around the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein as viral antigen and have greatly reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19. Since the start of this pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved resulting in new variants of concern (VOC) challenging the vaccine-established immunologic memory. We show that vaccination with a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based vaccine expressing the SARS-CoV-2 S plus the conserved nucleocapsid (N) protein was protective in a hamster challenge model when a single dose was administered 28 or 10 days prior to challenge, respectively. In this study, only intranasal vaccination resulted in protection against challenge with multiple VOC highlighting that the addition of the N protein indeed improved protective efficacy. This data demonstrates the ability of a VSV-based dual-antigen vaccine to reduce viral shedding and protect from disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 VOC.
Preclinical and clinical studies of CAR-NK-cell therapies for malignancies
Authors: Li Hongwen , Song Wenting , Li Zhaoming , Zhang Mingzhi
Published: October 2022

The development of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, a specific type of immunotherapy, in recent decades was a fantastic breakthrough for the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, difficulties in collecting normal T cells from patients and the time cost of manufacturing CAR-T cells have limited the application of CAR-T-cell therapy. In addition, the termination of related clinical trials on universal CAR-T cell therapy has made further research more difficult. Natural killer (NK) cells have drawn great attention in recent years. Chimeric antigen receptor-NK (CAR-NK) cell therapy is a promising strategy in the treatment of malignant tumors because of its lack of potential for causing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In this review, we will address the advances in and achievements of CAR-NK cell therapy.
Bacteriophage-encoded lethal membrane disruptors: Advances in understanding and potential applications
Authors: Abeysekera Gayan S. , Love Michael J. , Manners Sarah H. , Billington Craig , Dobson Renwick C. J.
Published: October 2022

Holins and spanins are bacteriophage-encoded membrane proteins that control bacterial cell lysis in the final stage of the bacteriophage reproductive cycle. Due to their efficient mechanisms for lethal membrane disruption, these proteins are gaining interest in many fields, including the medical, food, biotechnological, and pharmaceutical fields. However, investigating these lethal proteins is challenging due to their toxicity in bacterial expression systems and the resultant low protein yields have hindered their analysis compared to other cell lytic proteins. Therefore, the structural and dynamic properties of holins and spanins in their native environment are not well-understood. In this article we describe recent advances in the classification, purification, and analysis of holin and spanin proteins, which are beginning to overcome the technical barriers to understanding these lethal membrane disrupting proteins, and through this, unlock many potential biotechnological applications.
Global landscape of COVID-19 and epilepsy research: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Wang Guangxin , Bai Lian , Zhao Mingxue , Wang Shumei
Published: October 2022

Background

A large number of papers regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and epilepsy have been published since the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is no bibliometric analysis on these papers. In this study, we aimed to analyze the bibliometric characteristics of these papers, thus identifying the trends and future directions of COVID-19 and epilepsy research.

Methods

Scientific papers regarding COVID-19 and epilepsy were retrieved through searches of the Web of Science Core Collection database. Title, authors, contributing institute, country, source journal, times cited, and additional information were extracted from each selected paper. Microsoft Excel 2019 and GraphPad Prism 8 were used to analyze the extracted data and export the bar charts and tables whilst VOSviewer software was used to perform and visualize co-authorship analysis and co-occurrence analysis of keywords.

Results

A total of 317 papers regarding COVID-19 and epilepsy were included in the final analysis. Epilepsy & Behavior published the largest number of papers (n = 84). J. Helen Cross and Naoto Kuroda were the most prolific authors (n = 13 each). The United States (n = 88) and the University of London (n = 23) were the country and organization with the most contributions, respectively. The strongest authors' collaborations were between Giovanni Assenza and Jacopo Lanzone and between J. Helen Cross and Nathalie Jette. Selected author keywords were organized into seven clusters, and the keywords in clusters 1 and cluster 4 had the largest average appearing year of any clusters.

Conclusion

This is the first bibliometric analysis of papers regarding COVID-19 and epilepsy. Our results showed that the United States was the leading country whilst J. Helen Cross was the most influential scholar in COVID-19 and epilepsy research. psychological consequences of COVID-19, and the safety of COVID-19 vaccines for people with epilepsy, are possible areas for future research on COVID-19 and epilepsy.
Which is the most effective rescue treatment after the failure of mechanical thrombectomy for acute basilar artery occlusion?
Authors: Luo Jun , Wu Deping , Li Zhimin , Xie Dongjing , Huang Jiacheng , Song Jiaxing , Luo Weidong , Liu Shuai , Li Fengli , Zi Wenjie , Huang Qiaojuan , Luo Jiefeng , Kong Deyan
Published: October 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of rescue therapy, a therapy in which rescue devices such as balloon angioplasty, Apollo stent, Wingspan stent, Solitaire stent, or other self-expanding stents are used after the failure of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) and to determine the most effective rescue measure for acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) after the failure of MT.

Methods

For this study, we recruited patients from the BASILAR registry. All participants were divided into three groups: the recanalized with rescue therapy group, the recanalized without rescue therapy group, and the non-recanalized group. Clinical outcomes at 90 days and 1 year were compared. The association of rescue measures with favorable outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score of 0–3) in patients achieving successful recanalization via rescue therapy was estimated using multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results

Among the participants, recanalization failure was found in 112 patients and successful recanalization in 473 patients, with 218 patients receiving rescue therapy and 255 patients without rescue therapy. Of these, 111 (43.5%) patients in the recanalized without rescue therapy group, 65 (29.8%) patients in the recanalized with rescue therapy group, and nine (8.0%) patients in the non-recanalized group achieved favorable outcomes at 90 days. Both the recanalization with rescue therapy and the recanalization without rescue therapy groups were associated with favorable outcomes at 90 days and 1 year compared with the non-recanalized group. Moreover, in patients receiving rescue therapy, Wingspan stents, Apollo stents, and balloon angioplasty were associated with higher rates of favorable outcomes at 90 days and 1 year than Solitaire stents.

Conclusion

Whether rescue therapy is administered or not, recanalization leads to favorable outcomes in patients with acute BAO. For acute BAO after MT failure, balloon angioplasty, Wingspan stenting, and Apollo stenting could be considered effective and safe rescue options but not Solitaire stenting.
Metabolic biomarkers of radiotherapy response in plasma and tissue of an IDH1 mutant astrocytoma mouse model
Authors: Ruiz-Rodado Victor , Dowdy Tyrone , Lita Adrian , Kramp Tamalee , Zhang Meili , Shuboni-Mulligan Dorela , Herold-Mende Christel , Armstrong Terri S. , Gilbert Mark R. , Camphausen Kevin , Larion Mioara
Published: October 2022

Astrocytomas are the most common subtype of brain tumors and no curative treatment exist. Longitudinal assessment of patients, usually via Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), is crucial since tumor progression may occur earlier than clinical progression. MRI usually provides a means for monitoring the disease, but it only informs about the structural changes of the tumor, while molecular changes can occur as a treatment response without any MRI-visible change. Radiotherapy (RT) is routinely performed following surgery as part of the standard of care in astrocytomas, that can also include chemotherapy involving temozolomide. Monitoring the response to RT is a key factor for the management of patients. Herein, we provide plasma and tissue metabolic biomarkers of treatment response in a mouse model of astrocytoma that was subjected to radiotherapy. Plasma metabolic profiles acquired over time by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) were subjected to multivariate empirical Bayes time-series analysis (MEBA) and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) assessment including Random Forest as the classification strategy. These analyses revealed a variation of the plasma metabolome in those mice that underwent radiotherapy compared to controls; specifically, fumarate was the best discriminatory feature. Additionally, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-based 13C-tracing experiments were performed at end-point utilizing [U-13C]-Glutamine to investigate its fate in the tumor and contralateral tissues. Irradiated mice displayed lower levels of glycolytic metabolites (e.g. phosphoenolpyruvate) in tumor tissue, and a higher flux of glutamine towards succinate was observed in the radiation cohort. The plasma biomarkers provided herein could be validated in the clinic, thereby improving the assessment of brain tumor patients throughout radiotherapy. Moreover, the metabolic rewiring associated to radiotherapy in tumor tissue could lead to potential metabolic imaging approaches for monitoring treatment using blood draws.
Gut microbiome and human health: Exploring how the probiotic genus Lactobacillus modulate immune responses
Authors: Rastogi Sonakshi , Singh Aditi
Published: October 2022

The highest density of microbes resides in human gastrointestinal tract, known as “Gut microbiome”. Of note, the members of the genus Lactobacillus that belong to phyla Firmicutes are the most important probiotic bacteria of the gut microbiome. These gut-residing Lactobacillus species not only communicate with each other but also with the gut epithelial lining to balance the gut barrier integrity, mucosal barrier defence and ameliorate the host immune responses. The human body suffers from several inflammatory diseases affecting the gut, lungs, heart, bone or neural tissues. Mounting evidence supports the significant role of Lactobacillus spp. and their components (such as metabolites, peptidoglycans, and/or surface proteins) in modulatingimmune responses, primarily through exchange of immunological signals between gastrointestinal tract and distant organs. This bidirectional crosstalk which is mediated by Lactobacillus spp. promotes anti-inflammatory response, thereby supporting the improvement of symptoms pertaining to asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), neuroinflammatory diseases (such as multiple sclerosis, alzheimer’s disease, parkinson’s disease), cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and chronic infections in patients. The metabolic disorders, obesity and diabetes are characterized by a low-grade inflammation. Genus Lactobacillus alleviates metabolic disorders by regulating the oxidative stress response and inflammatory pathways. Osteoporosis is also associated with bone inflammation and resorption. The Lactobacillus spp. and their metabolites act as powerful immune cell controllers and exhibit a regulatory role in bone resorption and formation, supporting bone health. Thus, this review demonstrated the mechanisms and summarized the evidence of the benefit of Lactobacillus spp. in alleviating inflammatory diseases pertaining to different organs from animal and clinical trials. The present narrative review explores in detail the complex interactions between the gut-dwelling Lactobacillus spp. and the immune components in distant organs to promote host’s health.
Plasma metabolomic and lipidomic alterations associated with anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury
Authors: Wang Ming-Gui , Wu Shou-Quan , Zhang Meng-Meng , He Jian-Qing
Published: October 2022

Background: Anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATB-DILI) is an adverse reaction with a high incidence and the greatest impact on tuberculosis treatment. However, there is a lack of effective biomarkers for the early prediction of ATB-DILI. Herein, this study uses UPLC‒MS/MS to reveal the plasma metabolic profile and lipid profile of ATB-DILI patients before drug administration and screen new biomarkers for predicting ATB-DILI.

Methods: A total of 60 TB patients were enrolled, and plasma was collected before antituberculosis drug administration. The untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics analyses were performed using UPLC‒MS/MS, and the high-resolution mass spectrometer Q Exactive was used for data acquisition in both positive and negative ion modes. The random forest package of R software was used for data screening and model building.

Results: A total of 60 TB patients, including 30 ATB-DILI patients and 30 non-ATB-DILI subjects, were enrolled. There were no significant differences between the ATB-DILI and control groups in age, sex, smoking, drinking or body mass index (p > 0.05). Twenty-two differential metabolites were selected. According to KEGG pathway analysis, 9 significantly enriched metabolic pathways were found, and both drug metabolism-other enzymes and niacin and nicotinamide metabolic pathways were found in both positive and negative ion models. A total of 7 differential lipid molecules were identified between the two groups. Ferroptosis and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids were involved in the occurrence of ATB-DILI. Random forest analysis showed that the model built with the top 30 important variables had an area under the ROC curve of 0.79 (0.65–0.93) for the training set and 0.79 (0.55–1.00) for the validation set.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that potential markers for the early prediction of ATB-DILI can be found through plasma metabolomics and lipidomics. The random forest model showed good clinical predictive value for ATB-DILI.
Excessive sulfur oxidation in endoplasmic reticulum drives an inflammatory reaction of chondrocytes in aging mice
Authors: Chen Kun , Zhang Xianzuo , Li Zhi , Yuan Xingshi , Fu Daijie , Wu Kerong , Shang Xifu , Ni Zhe
Published: October 2022

Osteoarthritis, as a common joint disease among middle-aged and elderly people, has many problems, such as diverse pathogenesis, poor prognosis and high recurrence rate, which seriously affects patients’ physical and mental health and reduces their quality of life. At present, the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis is not completely clear, and the treatment plan is mainly to relieve symptoms and ensure basic quality of life. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to explore the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Protein, as organic macromolecule which plays a major role in life activities, plays an important role in the development of disease. Through protein omics, this study found that with the increase of age, excessive sulfur oxidation occurred in endoplasmic reticulum of chondrocytes, which then drove the occurrence of inflammatory reaction, and provided a direction for the follow-up molecular targeted.
Toxicity and synergistic activity of compounds from essential oils and their effect on detoxification enzymes against Planococcus lilacinus
Authors: Arokiyaraj Charles , Bhattacharyya Kangkanjyoti , Reddy Sajjalavarahalli G. Eswara
Published: October 2022

Mealybug, Planococcus lilacinus Cockerell, is a primary surface-feeding insect pest of fruit and flowering plants and also transmits plant viruses, resulting in economic crop loss. Inappropriate and recurrent use of pesticides for mealybug control results in resistance building and deleterious effects on humans and the environment. Essential oils are the most excellent choice for insecticides. Insecticidal activities of pure compounds of essential oils against P. lilacinus are not reported. The present study aims to study the insecticidal activities of some pure active compounds and their binary mixture’s action by topical application against P. lilacinus. Results showed that the pure compounds of L-limonene, β-myrcene, and ocimene revealed toxicity (each at LD50 = 0.37 µg/insect) after 96 h. The binary mixtures of geraniol + L-menthol and L-limonene + geraniol exhibited synergistic effects (each at LD50 = 0.03 µg/insect) after 96 h. The monoterpenes of ocimene and β-myrcene at the higher concentration of 5,000 ppm substantially inhibited the detoxification enzyme activities of AChE (0.93 and 0.78 mU/mg, respectively) and GST (2.19 and 7.29 nmol/min/ml, respectively) in P. lilacinus after 48 h. SEM analysis reported the significant anomalies on the morphology of abdominal cuticle, setae, and thoracic leg after 96-h treatment with ocimene at 1,250 ppm against P. lilacinus. Based on the results, the tested pure compounds and their combinations can be suggested for the control of mealybugs.
Changes in the geometry and robustness of diffusion tensor imaging networks: Secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial of young autistic children receiving an umbilical cord blood infusion
Authors: Simhal Anish K. , Carpenter Kimberly L. H. , Kurtzberg Joanne , Song Allen , Tannenbaum Allen , Zhang Lijia , Sapiro Guillermo , Dawson Geraldine
Published: October 2022

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been used as an outcome measure in clinical trials for several psychiatric disorders but has rarely been explored in autism clinical trials. This is despite a large body of research suggesting altered white matter structure in autistic individuals. The current study is a secondary analysis of changes in white matter connectivity from a double-blind placebo-control trial of a single intravenous cord blood infusion in 2–7-year-old autistic children (1). Both clinical assessments and DTI were collected at baseline and 6 months after infusion. This study used two measures of white matter connectivity: change in node-to-node connectivity as measured through DTI streamlines and a novel measure of feedback network connectivity, Ollivier-Ricci curvature (ORC). ORC is a network measure which considers both local and global connectivity to assess the robustness of any given pathway. Using both the streamline and ORC analyses, we found reorganization of white matter pathways in predominantly frontal and temporal brain networks in autistic children who received umbilical cord blood treatment versus those who received a placebo. By looking at changes in network robustness, this study examined not only the direct, physical changes in connectivity, but changes with respect to the whole brain network. Together, these results suggest the use of DTI and ORC should be further explored as a potential biomarker in future autism clinical trials. These results, however, should not be interpreted as evidence for the efficacy of cord blood for improving clinical outcomes in autism. This paper presents a secondary analysis using data from a clinical trial that was prospectively registered withClinicalTrials.gov(NCT02847182).
Labor market participation and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic among young adults (18 to 30 years): A nationally representative study in France
Authors: Melchior Maria , Florence Aline-Marie , Davisse-Paturet Camille , Falissard Bruno , Galéra Cédric , Hazo Jean-Baptiste , Vuillermoz Cécile , Warszawski Josiane , Dione Fallou , Rouquette Alexandra
Published: October 2022

Objective

To examine the relationship between young adults' labor force participation and depression in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design, setting, participants

Data come from the nationally-representative EPICOV cohort study set up in France, and were collected in 2020 and 2021 (3 waves of online or telephone interviews: 02/05/2020–12/06/2020; 26/10/2020–14/12/2020; 24/06/2021–09/08/2021) among 2,217 participants aged 18–30 years. Participants with prior mental health disorder (n = 50) were excluded from the statistical analyses.

Results

Using Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models controlled for participants' socio-demographic and health characteristics and weighted to be nationally-representative, we found that compared to young adults who were employed, those who were studying or unemployed were significantly more likely to experience depression assessed using the PHQ-9 (multivariable ORs, respectively: OR: 1.29, 95% CI 1.05–1.60 and OR: 1.50, 1.13–1.99). Stratifying the analyses by age, we observed that unemployment was more strongly associated with depression among participants 25–30 years than among those who were 18–24 years (multivariable ORs, respectively, 1.78, 95% CI 1.17–2.71 and 1.41, 95% CI 0.96–2.09). Being out of the labor force was, to the contrary, more significantly associated with depression among participants 18–24 years (multivariable OR: 1.71, 95% CI 1.04–2.82, vs. 1.00, 95% CI 0.53–1.87 among participants 25–30 years). Stratifying the analyses by sex, we found no significant differences in the relationships between labor market characteristics and depression (compared to participants who were employed, multivariable ORs associated with being a student: men: 1.33, 95% CI 1.01–1.76; women: 1.19, 95% CI 0.85–1.67, multivariable ORs associated with being unemployed: men: 1.60, 95% CI 1.04–2.45; women: 1.47, 95% CI 1.01–2.15).

Conclusions and relevance

Our study shows that in addition to students, young adults who are unemployed also experience elevated levels of depression in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. These two groups should be the focus of specific attention in terms of prevention and mental health treatment. Supporting employment could also be a propitious way of reducing the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of young adults.
The crux of time: A meta-analysis of ex vivo whole blood degradation
Authors: Elliott Colin I. , Shafer Aaron B. A. , Stotesbury Theresa E.
Published: October 2022

Estimating the time since deposition (TSD) of a bloodstain can provide important medico-legal information for crime scene investigation. Research in this area primarily investigates the degradation of either hemoglobin or genetic material over time. In this work, we present a comprehensive meta-analysis on bloodstain TSD research. Our results are interpreted from 25 quantitative studies used to probe the effect of biomolecule studied, analytical technique used, substrate porosity, environmental conditions, and blood source on TSD estimates. There was an overall strong effect of time across studies (Fisher’s Zr = 1.66, r = 0.93), and generally, we found that the type of biomolecule studied (e.g., hemoglobin, DNA) had equal effect sizes for TSD estimation. Differences in the mean TSD effect size were also observed between substrate porosity. Interestingly, the blood source does not significantly influence the magnitude of the effect sizes in TSD estimation. Despite the clear effect of time, forensically relevant prediction of bloodstain TSD remains complicated by inter-donor variability, type of substrate and environmental conditions. We recommend that future bloodstain TSD research increase sample size, include summary statistics and standardize experimental methodologies so that we can develop a quantitative understanding of the physicochemical processes involved in whole blood degradation in ex vivo conditions.
Temporal disambiguation of relative temporal expressions in clinical texts
Authors: Olex Amy L. , McInnes Bridget T.
Published: October 2022

Temporal expression recognition and normalization (TERN) is the foundation for all higher-level temporal reasoning tasks in natural language processing, such as timeline extraction, so it must be performed well to limit error propagation. Achieving new heights in state-of-the-art performance for TERN in clinical texts requires knowledge of where current systems struggle. In this work, we summarize the results of a detailed error analysis for three top performing state-of-the-art TERN systems that participated in the 2012 i2b2 Clinical Temporal Relation Challenge, and compare our own home-grown system Chrono to identify specific areas in need of improvement. Performance metrics and an error analysis reveal that all systems have reduced performance in normalization of relative temporal expressions, specifically in disambiguating temporal types and in the identification of the correct anchor time. To address the issue of temporal disambiguation we developed and integrated a module into Chrono that utilizes temporally fine-tuned contextual word embeddings to disambiguate relative temporal expressions. Chrono now achieves state-of-the-art performance for temporal disambiguation of relative temporal expressions in clinical text, and is the only TERN system to output dual annotations into both TimeML and SCATE schemes.
ESOT Consensus Platform for Organ Transplantation: Setting the Stage for a Rigorous, Regularly Updated Development Process
Authors: Cillo Umberto , Weissenbacher Annemarie , Pengel Liset , Jochmans Ina , Roppolo Daniele , Amarelli Cristiano , Belli Luca S. , Berenguer Marina , De Vries Aiko , Ferrer Joana , Friedewald John , Furian Lucrezia , Greenwood Sharlene , Monbaliu Diethard , Nadalin Silvio , Neyrinck Arne , Strazzabosco Mario , Toso Christian , Zaza Gianluigi , Thuraisingham Raj , Berney Thierry , Potena Luciano , Montserrat Nuria , Selzner Nazia
Published: October 2022

The European Society for Organ Transplantation (ESOT) has created a platform for the development of rigorous and regularly updated evidence based guidelines for clinical practice in the transplantation field. A dedicated Guideline Taskforce, including ESOT-council members, a representative from the Centre for Evidence in Transplantation, editors of the journal Transplant International has developed transparent procedures to guide the development of guidelines, recommendations, and consensus statements. During ESOT’s first Consensus Conference in November 2022, leading experts will present in-depth evidence based reviews of nine themes and will propose recommendations aimed at reaching a consensus after public discussion and assessment by an independent jury. All recommendations and consensus statements produced for the nine selected topics will be published including the entire evidence-based consensus-finding process. An extensive literature review of each topic was conducted to provide final evidence and/or expert opinion.
Towards the Modeling and Prediction of the Yield of Oilseed Crops: A Multi-Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Parsaeian Mahdieh , Rahimi Mohammad , Rohani Abbas , Lawson Shaneka S.
Published: October 2022

Crop seed yield modeling and prediction can act as a key approach in the precision agriculture industry, enabling the reliable assessment of the effectiveness of agro-traits. Here, multiple machine learning (ML) techniques are employed to predict sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed yields (SSY) using agro-morphological features. Various ML models were applied, coupled with the PCA (principal component analysis) method to compare them with the original ML models, in order to evaluate the prediction efficiency. The Gaussian process regression (GPR) and radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN) models exhibited the most accurate SSY predictions, with determination coefficients, or R2 values, of 0.99 and 0.91, respectfully. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) obtained using the ML models ranged between 0 and 0.30 t/ha (metric tons/hectare) for the varied modeling process phases. The estimation of the sesame seed yield with the coupled PCA-ML models improved the performance accuracy. According to the k-fold process, we utilized the datasets with the lowest error rates to ensure the continued accuracy of the GPR and RBF models. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the capsule number per plant (CPP), seed number per capsule (SPC), and 1000-seed weight (TSW) were the most significant seed yield determinants.
Health—Promoting Properties of Highbush Blueberries Depending on Type of Fertilization
Authors: Lenart Agnieszka , Wrona Dariusz , Krupa Tomasz
Published: October 2022

The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate a comparison of fertilization with and without biostimulation. A study was carried out in an experimental blueberry field in central Poland (51°55′42.7″ N 20°59′28.7″ E) during the three growing seasons of 2019, 2020 and 2021, on ‘Bluecrop’ shrubs growing at a distance of 1 × 3 m. The plants were re-planted in the spring of each year and irrigated using drip irrigation. The experiment was conducted using a random block design (four fertilizer treatments × five replications × six bushes). The fruits were tested for antioxidant activity and amount of total polyphenols. Additionally, anthocyanin quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed. The results indicated a significant effect of fertilizer combinations on the values of the evaluated parameters. The positive effect of biostimulants on the content of antioxidant compounds in highbush blueberry fruit was significant. In most of the combinations in which additional biostimulants were used, higher values of the analyzed indicators (antioxidant activity and polyphenol content) were observed. The most noteworthy was the T4 fertilization program, where during treatment, soil and foliar fertilization were carried out with preparations that contained biostimulants.
Electric Heating System with Thermal Storage Units and Ceiling Fans for Cattle-Breeding Farms
Authors: Khimenko Aleksei , Tikhomirov Dmitry , Trunov Stanislav , Kuzmichev Aleksey , Bolshev Vadim , Shepovalova Olga
Published: October 2022

A combined energy–saving heat supply system was proposed that included a combined ETS unit and a ceiling fan, and provided the normative air parameters in a livestock room, with an air temperature of −17 °C and air relative humidity (ARH) of −75%. A heat supply system of a preventive maintenance premises for calves was chosen as the subject of the study. Comparative analysis of the temperature and ARH distribution with height in the preventive maintenance premises, was carried out, with and without a ceiling fan. The study showed that, during the heating period, application of the ceiling fans helped to raise the air temperature and to reduce ARH, in the areas where young stock is located, in accordance with the normative indicators. The energy-saving effect was achieved by supplying warmer ventilation air, which accumulated in the upper zone of the premises from the ceiling fan to the locations of the animals. At the same time, there was a decrease in the consumption of electric energy for the heat supply system of up to 14%.