bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FastCellpose: A Fast and Accurate Deep-Learning Framework for Segmentation of All Glomeruli in Mouse Whole-Kidney Microscopic Optical Images
Authors: Han Yutong , Zhang Zhan , Li Yafeng , Fan Guoqing , Liang Mengfei , Liu Zhijie , Nie Shuo , Ning Kefu , Luo Qingming , Yuan Jing
Published: December 2023

Automated evaluation of all glomeruli throughout the whole kidney is essential for the comprehensive study of kidney function as well as understanding the mechanisms of kidney disease and development. The emerging large-volume microscopic optical imaging techniques allow for the acquisition of mouse whole-kidney 3D datasets at a high resolution. However, fast and accurate analysis of massive imaging data remains a challenge. Here, we propose a deep learning-based segmentation method called FastCellpose to efficiently segment all glomeruli in whole mouse kidneys. Our framework is based on Cellpose, with comprehensive optimization in network architecture and the mask reconstruction process. By means of visual and quantitative analysis, we demonstrate that FastCellpose can achieve superior segmentation performance compared to other state-of-the-art cellular segmentation methods, and the processing speed was 12-fold higher than before. Based on this high-performance framework, we quantitatively analyzed the development changes of mouse glomeruli from birth to maturity, which is promising in terms of providing new insights for research on kidney development and function.
The Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Tear Hyperosmolarity-Induced Pathological Changes in the Eyes of Dry Eye Disease Patients
Authors: Harrell Carl Randall , Feulner Lisa , Djonov Valentin , Pavlovic Dragica , Volarevic Vladislav
Published: December 2023

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder of the lacrimal system and ocular surface, characterized by a deficiency in the quality and/or quantity of the tear fluid. The multifactorial nature of DED encompasses a number of interconnected underlying pathologies, including loss of homeostasis, instability and hyperosmolarity of the tears, and the induction and propagation of detrimental inflammatory responses in the eyes, which finally results in the development of neurosensory dysfunction and visual disruption. Dryness, grittiness, scratchiness, discomfort, inflammation, burning, watering, ocular fatigue, pain, and decreased functional visual acuity are common symptoms of DED. Eye dysfunction drastically attenuates patients’ quality of life. Accordingly, a better understanding of the pathogenic processes that regulate the development and progression of DED is crucially important for the establishment of new and more effective DED-related treatment approaches, which would significantly improve the quality of life of DED patients. Since the process of osmoregulation, which guards the ocular surface epithelia and maintains normal vision, is affected when the osmolarity of the tears is greater than that of the epithelial cells, tear hyperosmolarity (THO) is considered an initial, important step in the development, progression, and aggravation of DED. In order to delineate the role of THO in the pathogenesis of DED, in this review article, we summarize current knowledge related to the molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of THO-induced pathological changes in the eyes of DED patients, and we briefly discuss the therapeutic potential of hypo-osmotic eye drops in DED treatment.
Experimental and Kinetic Study of the Catalytic Behavior of Sulfate-Treated Nanostructured Bifunctional Zirconium Oxide Catalysts in n-Heptane Hydroisomerization Reactions
Authors: Khalil Mohammed , Al-Zaidi Bashir Y. , Shakor Zaidoon M. , Hussein Sattar J. , Al-Shathr Ali
Published: December 2023

In this study, a mono-functional ZrO2 nanomaterial was treated with sulfur and loaded with two different percentages of platinum metals (i.e., 0.5 and 1 wt%) to generate an acidic bi-functional Pt/SZrO2 nanocatalyst for the purpose of increasing the catalytic activity and selectivity together. This work aims to determine the least amount of the costly platinum metal that can be added to the catalyst to achieve the appropriate balance between the acidic and metallic sites. Both rapid deactivation of the super-acid nanaocatalyst and fast cleavage of the zero-octane n-heptane chain can consequently be prevented throughout the reaction. This can be achieved by accelerating the hydroisomerization reactions at a pressure of 5 bar to reach the highest selectivity towards producing the desired multi-branched compound in fuel. Several characterization techniques, including XRD, SEM, EDX, BET, and FTIR, have been used to evaluate the physical properties of the catalysts. The best reaction product was obtained at 230 °C compared to the other tested temperatures. The conversion, selectivity, and yield of reaction products over the surfaces of the prepared catalysts followed this order: 0.5 wt% Pt/SZrO2 > 1 wt% Pt/SZrO2 > 0.5 wt% Pt/ZrO2 > 1 wt% Pt/ZrO2 > SZrO2 > ZrO2. The highest conversion, selectivity, and yield values were obtained on the surface of the 0.5 wt% Pt/SZrO2 catalyst, which are 69.64, 81.4 and 56.68 wt%, respectively, while the lowest values were obtained on the surface of the parent ZrO2 catalyst, which are 43.9, 61.1 and 26.82, respectively. The kinetic model and apparent activation energies were also implemented for each of the hydroisomerization, hydrogenation/dehydrogenation, and hydrocracking reactions, which track the following order: hydroisomerization < hydrogenation/dehydrogenation < hydrocracking. The lowest apparent activation energy value of 123.39 kJ/mol was found on the surface of the most active and selective 0.5% Pt/SZrO2 nanocatalyst.
Iron-Promoted 1,5-Substitution Reaction of Endocyclic Enyne Oxiranes with MeMgBr: A Stereoselective Method for the Synthesis of Exocyclic 2,4,5-Trienol Derivatives
Authors: Kuş Melih , Omur Cenk , Karaca Sıla , Artok Levent
Published: December 2023

The iron-promoted 1,5-substitution reaction of endocyclic oxiranes with MeMgBr yields exocyclic 2,4,5-trienols with high diastereomeric ratios of up to 100:0. However, for the method’s success, the oxirane ring must have a trans-configuration. The reactions exhibit strong stereoselectivity concerning the methylation mode and the configuration of the resulting exocyclic double bond. Enantiomerically pure enyne oxiranes can be synthesized through Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation and subsequent manipulations. With these reagents, it has been possible to produce exocyclic 2,4,5-trienols in enantiopure forms. Importantly, this process maintains chirality without degradation during the center-to-axis transfer of chirality.
Chiral Hydroxamic Acid Ligands in the Asymmetric Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Pawar Tushar Janardan , Ventura-Hernández Karla Irazu , Ramos-Morales Fernando Rafael , Olivares-Romero José Luis
Published: December 2023

Chiral hydroxamic acid (HA) and bis-hydroxamic acid (BHA) ligands have made significant contributions to the field of asymmetric synthesis, particularly in the synthesis of natural products. These ligands possess unique molecular structures that allow for exceptional stereochemical control, leading to their widespread use in catalytic systems. This review highlights the advancements made in asymmetric synthesis using chiral hydroxamic acid and bis-hydroxamic acid ligands and their impact on the synthesis of complex natural products. This discussion encompasses their role in enantioselective C–C bond formation, the functionalization of C–H bonds, the asymmetric transformations involving heteroatoms, and their application in the total synthesis of natural products. The versatility and efficiency of chiral hydroxamic acid ligands and bis-hydroxamic acid ligands make them invaluable tools for synthetic chemists working towards the efficient and selective synthesis of natural products. This review provides a comprehensive overview of their contributions, showcasing their potential to expand the boundaries of chemical synthesis and access the diverse array of natural product scaffolds.
Overexpression of KvCHX Enhances Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings
Authors: Guo Yuqi , Zhu Chengrong , Tian Zengyuan
Published: December 2023

The CHX (cation/H+ exchanger) family plays an important role in the transmembrane transport of cation/H+ in plants. The aim of this study was to identify and functionally analyze the KvCHX gene in the halophyte Kosteletzkya virginica to investigate its role in regulating the K+/Na+ ratio under salinity tolerance. Based on a partial gene sequence of EST from K. virginica, the full-length DNA sequence of the KvCHX gene was obtained using genome walking technology. Structural analysis and phylogenetic relationship analysis showed that the KvCHX gene was closely related to the AtCHX17 gene. The KvCHX overexpression vector was successfully constructed and transformed into Arabidopsis via floral dipping. Arabidopsis seedlings overexpressing KvCHX showed an enhanced tolerance to salt stress compared with wild-type plants. Transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings grew better under K+ deficiency than WT. The results showed that KvCHX could promote the uptake of K+, increase the ratio of K+/Na+, and promote the growth of plants under K+ deficiency and treatment with NaCl solution. KvCHX is involved in K+ transport and improves plant salt tolerance by coordinating K+ acquisition and homeostasis.
Shear Strength of Strain-Hardening Cementitious Materials
Authors: Georgiou Antroula , Eshghi Najmeh , Pantazopoulou Stavroula
Published: December 2023

Concrete and other semi-brittle materials are pressure sensitive. Their resistance to shear depends on the confining pressure acting normal to the shear plane. This behaviour is modelled using experimentally calibrated failure criteria, such as the Mohr–Coulomb failure surface. Pressure sensitivity is also strongly evident in fibre-reinforced, strain-hardening cementitious composites (SHCC), despite the internal confinement these materials possess on account of their fibre content. However, because of the great range and variety of mixes used in such materials, no general failure criteria have yet been proposed. In this paper, the pressure-sensitive shear strength of SHCC containing short discontinuous PVA fibres is modelled with a three-parameter failure criterion. The parameters of the criterion are calibrated to the experimental results obtained from several tests that combine shear and normal pressure. These include uniaxial tension and compression, split tests, triaxial compression, and a series of push-off tests with and without reinforcement crossing the shear sliding plane. The calibration of the failure criterion explicitly accounted for the magnitude of internal confinement which is generated in the cementitious matrix in response to fibre tension. The criterion is appropriate for general purpose analysis of the stress state of SHCC, but most importantly it is used to assess the SHCC contribution to the shear strength of structural elements.
Combined Interval Cytoreductive Surgery and Carboplatin-Based Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in Advanced Primary High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Brault Claudèle , Brind’Amour Alexandre , de Guerke Lara , Auclair Marie-Hélène , Sideris Lucas , Dubé Pierre , Soucisse Mikaël , Tremblay Jean-François , Bernard Laurence , Piedimonte Sabrina , Fortin Suzanne
Published: December 2023

Combining interval cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) improves survival in advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). Although limited, growing evidence regarding carboplatin-based HIPEC highlights its potential. This retrospective study included all patients with advanced primary high-grade serous ovarian cancer who underwent interval CRS combined with carboplatin-based HIPEC at our Canadian tertiary care center between 2014 and 2020. We identified 40 patients with a median age of 61 years. The median peritoneal cancer index was 13 and complete cytoreduction was achieved in 38 patients (95%). Median hospital stay was 13 days and there were four admissions to the intensive care unit (10%) and six readmissions (15%). Severe adverse events occurred in eight patients (20%) and there was no perioperative death. Recurrence was seen in 33 patients (82%) with a median DFS of 18.0 months and a median overall survival of 36.4 months. Multivariate analyses showed that age, peritoneal cancer index, completeness of cytoreduction, occurrence of severe complications, and bowel resection did not significantly impact DFS or OS in our cohort. Interval CRS combined with carboplatin-based HIPEC for advanced primary EOC is associated with acceptable morbidity and oncological outcomes. Larger studies are required to determine the long-term outcomes.
Optimization of Non-Newtonian Flow through a Coat-Hanger Die Using the Adjoint Method
Authors: Igali Dastan , Clifford Omonini , Perveen Asma , Zhang Dichuan , Wei Dongming
Published: December 2023

The use of coat-hanger dies is prevalent in the plastic film and sheet extrusion industry. The product quality and the power of the extrusion machine depend on the uniformities of the fluid velocity at the exit and the pressure drop. Die manufacturers face the challenge of producing coat-hanger dies that can extrude materials uniformly and with a minimal pressure drop. Previous studies have analyzed the die outlet’s flow homogeneity and pressure drop using various numerical simulations. However, the combination of the scheme programming language together with the Adjoint Method of Optimization has yet to be attempted. The adjoint optimization method has been demonstrated to be beneficial in addressing issues related to shape optimization problems and it may also be beneficial in optimizing the design of dies used in polymer melt extrusion. In this study, the proposed innovations involve incorporating both the Scheme programming language and Adjoint solver to examine and optimize the coat hanger’s flow homogeneity and pressure drop. Before optimization, the outlet velocity was almost 10 times higher at the die center than at the edges but after optimization, it became more uniform. The proposed optimized coat-hanger die geometry results in more uniform melt flow as demonstrated by the velocity contour plot and the outlet velocity graph in the die slit area, reducing the deviation value from 0.097 to 0.015. Additionally, the mass flux variance across the die outlet decreased by 71.6% from 0.015069 kg m−2 s−1 to 0.004281 kg m−2 s−1. Therefore, using this method reduces the amount of time wasted on trial and error or other optimization techniques that may be limited by design constraints.
A Deep Learning Approach for Securing IoT Infrastructure with Emphasis on Smart Vertical Networks
Authors: Kolhar Manjur , Aldossary Sultan Mesfer
Published: December 2023

As a result of the Internet of Things (IoT), smart city infrastructure has been able to advance, enhancing efficiency and enabling remote management. Despite this, this interconnectivity poses significant security and privacy concerns, as cyberthreats are rapidly adapting to exploit IoT vulnerabilities. In order to safeguard privacy and ensure secure IoT operations, robust security strategies are necessary. To detect anomalies effectively, intrusion detection systems (IDSs) must employ sophisticated algorithms capable of handling complex and voluminous datasets. A novel approach to IoT security is presented in this paper, which focuses on safeguarding smart vertical networks (SVNs) integral to sector-specific IoT implementations. It is proposed that a deep learning-based method employing a stacking deep ensemble model be used, selected for its superior performance in managing large datasets and its ability to learn intricate patterns indicative of cyberattacks. Experimental results indicate that the model is exceptionally accurate in identifying cyberthreats, exceeding other models, with a 99.8% detection rate for the ToN-IoT dataset and 99.6% for the InSDN dataset. The paper aims not only to introduce a robust algorithm for IoT security, but also to demonstrate its efficacy through comprehensive testing. We selected a deep learning ensemble model due to its proven track record in similar applications and its ability to maintain the integrity of IoT systems in smart cities.
Porous and Magnetic Effects on Modified Stokes’ Problems for Generalized Burgers’ Fluids
Authors: Fetecau Constantin , Akhtar Shehraz , Moroşanu Costică
Published: December 2023

In this paper, exact analytical expressions are derived for dimensionless steady-state solutions corresponding to the modified Stokes’ problems for incompressible generalized Burgers’ fluids, considering the influence of porous and magnetic effects. Actually, these are the first exact solutions for such motions of these fluids. They can easily be particularized to give similar solutions for Newtonian, second-grade, Maxwell, Oldroyd-B and Burgers’ fluids. It is also proven that MHD motion problems of such fluids between infinite parallel plates can be investigated when shear stress is applied at the boundary. To validate the obtained results, the velocity fields are presented in two distinct forms, and their equivalence is proven through graphical representations. The obtained outcomes are utilized to determine the time required to reach a steady state and to elucidate the impacts of porous and magnetic parameters on the fluid motion. This investigation reveals that the attainment of a steady state occurs later when a porous medium or magnetic field is present. Additionally, the fluid’s flow resistance is augmented in the presence of a magnetic field or through a porous medium. Thus, as was expected, the fluid moves slower through porous media or in the presence of a magnetic field.
Designing a Novel Approach Using a Greedy and Information-Theoretic Clustering-Based Algorithm for Anonymizing Microdata Sets
Authors: Khatir Reza Ahmadi , Izadkhah Habib , Razmara Jafar
Published: December 2023

Data anonymization is a technique that safeguards individuals’ privacy by modifying attribute values in published data. However, increased modifications enhance privacy but diminish the utility of published data, necessitating a balance between privacy and utility levels. K-Anonymity is a crucial anonymization technique that generates k-anonymous clusters, where the probability of disclosing a record is 1/k. However, k-anonymity fails to protect against attribute disclosure when the diversity of sensitive values within the anonymous cluster is insufficient. Several techniques have been proposed to address this issue, among which t-closeness is considered one of the most robust privacy techniques. In this paper, we propose a novel approach employing a greedy and information-theoretic clustering-based algorithm to achieve strict privacy protection. The proposed anonymization algorithm commences by clustering the data based on both the similarity of quasi-identifier values and the diversity of sensitive attribute values. In the subsequent adjustment phase, the algorithm splits and merges the clusters to ensure that they each possess at least k members and adhere to the t-closeness requirements. Finally, the algorithm replaces the quasi-identifier values of the records in each cluster with the values of the cluster center to attain k-anonymity and t-closeness. Experimental results on three microdata sets from Facebook, Twitter, and Google+ demonstrate the proposed algorithm’s ability to preserve the utility of released data by minimizing the modifications of attribute values while satisfying the k-anonymity and t-closeness constraints.
Research on the Dynamical Behavior of Public Opinion Triggered by Rumor Based on a Nonlinear Oscillator Model
Authors: Li Wanglai , Shen Huizhang , Huang Zhangxue , Yang Hanzhe
Published: December 2023

In public opinion triggered by rumors, the authenticity of the information remains uncertain, and the main topic oscillates between diverse opinions. In this paper, a nonlinear oscillator model is proposed to demonstrate the public opinion triggered by rumors. Based on the model and actual data of one case, it is found that a continuous flow of new information about rumors acts as external forces on the system, probably leading to the chaotic behavior of public opinion. Moreover, similar features are observed in three other cases, and the same model is also applicable to these cases. Based on these results, it is shown that our model possesses generality, revealing the evolutionary trends of a certain type of public opinion in real-world scenarios.
Effects of Environmental Factors on Plant Productivity in the Mountain Grassland of the Mountain Zebra National Park, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Munyai Nthabeliseni , Ramoelo Abel , Adelabu Samuel , Bezuidehout Hugo , Sadiq Hassan
Published: December 2023

The relationship between plant productivity, measured according to biomass and species richness, is a fundamental focal point in community ecology, as it provides the basis for understanding plant responses or adaptive strategies. Although studies have been conducted on plant biomass and environmental factors, research concerning mountainous grassland areas is scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the influence of environmental factors on aboveground plant biomass in the mountainous grassland of the Mountain Zebra National Park, South Africa. Biomass distribution was uneven within the park, owing to certain species having relatively higher biomass values. These differences may be attributed to the chemical and physical properties of the soil, including carbon and nitrogen content, soil pH, and soil texture (sand, silt, and coarse fragments). A disc pasture meter was used to collect biomass data. Multiple regression analysis revealed that most environmental factors did not significantly influence plant biomass. The only environmental factor influencing plant biomass was soil pH; the influences of other factors were not statistically significant. The results of this study elucidate the interactions of environmental factors with plant biomass. Future research could investigate how environmental factors influence plant biomass, both below and above the ground in mountainous grassland.
Effect of a Large Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyser on Power System Small-Signal Angular Stability
Authors: Wanlongo Ndiwulu Guy , Vasquez Mayen Eduardo , De Jaeger Emmanuel
Published: December 2023

The dynamics of electrical systems have changed significantly with the increasing penetration of non-conventional loads such as hydrogen electrolysers. As a result, detailed investigations are required to quantify and characterize these loads’ effects on the dynamic response of interconnected synchronous machines after being subjected to a disturbance. Many studies have focused on the effects of conventional static and dynamic loads. However, the impact of hydrogen electrolysers on the stability of power systems’ rotor angles is rarely studied. This paper assesses the effect of proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysers on small-disturbance rotor-angle stability. Dynamic modelling and the control of a PEM electrolyser as a load are first studied to achieve this. Then, the proposed electrolyser model is tested in the Amercoeur plant, which is part of the Belgian power system, to study its effect on the small-signal rotor-angle stability. Two approaches are considered to examine this impact: an analytical approach and time-domain simulations. The analytical approach consists of establishing a state-space model of the Belgian test system through linearisation around an operating point of the non-linear differential and the algebraic equations of the synchronous generators, the PEM electrolyser, the loads, and the network. The obtained state-space model allows for the determination of the eigenvalues, which are useful to evaluate the effect of the PEM electrolyser on the small-signal rotor-angle stability. This impact is investigated by examining the movement of the eigenvalues in the left complex half-plane. The obtained results show that the PEM electrolyser affects the electromechanical modes of synchronous machines by increasing their oscillation frequencies. The results also show that the effect of the electrolyser on these modes can be improved by adjusting the inertial constant and the damping coefficient of the synchronous machines. These results are consolidated through time-domain simulations using the software Matlab/Simscape from the version MatlabR2022a-academic use from Mathworks.
A Deep Learning Approach for Speech Emotion Recognition Optimization Using Meta-Learning
Authors: Ottoni Lara Toledo Cordeiro , Ottoni André Luiz Carvalho , Cerqueira Jés de Jesus Fiais
Published: December 2023

Speech emotion recognition (SER) is widely applicable today, benefiting areas such as entertainment, robotics, and healthcare. This emotional understanding enhances user-machine interaction, making systems more responsive and providing more natural experiences. In robotics, SER is useful in home assistance devices, eldercare, and special education, facilitating effective communication. Additionally, in healthcare settings, it can monitor patients’ emotional well-being. However, achieving high levels of accuracy is challenging and complicated by the need to select the best combination of machine learning algorithms, hyperparameters, datasets, data augmentation, and feature extraction methods. Therefore, this study aims to develop a deep learning approach for optimal SER configurations. It delves into the domains of optimizer settings, learning rates, data augmentation techniques, feature extraction methods, and neural architectures for the RAVDESS, TESS, SAVEE, and R+T+S (RAVDESS+TESS+SAVEE) datasets. After finding the best SER configurations, meta-learning is carried out, transferring the best configurations to two additional datasets, CREMA-D and R+T+S+C (RAVDESS+TESS+SAVEE+CREMA-D). The developed approach proved effective in finding the best configurations, achieving an accuracy of 97.01% for RAVDESS, 100% for TESS, 90.62% for SAVEE, and 97.37% for R+T+S. Furthermore, using meta-learning, the CREMA-D and R+T+S+C datasets achieved accuracies of 83.28% and 90.94%, respectively.
Including Shield Wires in the Analysis of Transient Processes Occurring in HVAC Transmission Lines
Authors: Chaban Andriy , Popenda Andrzej , Szafraniec Andrzej , Levoniuk Vitaliy
Published: December 2023

The article presents an analysis of electromagnetic transient processes in long ultra-high voltage transmission lines, taking into account shield wires. It was shown that EMTP and Matlab/Simulink software are currently widely used in the study of transient processes in power lines. The EMTP software package uses the finite element method when integrating the equation that mathematically models the distributed parameter transmission line. The Matlab/Simulink software uses the d’Alembert method. In both cases, it is not known how the boundary conditions for the partial differential equation that mathematically models the transmission line are determined. The power line is analyzed as a distributed parameter system, described by a second-order partial differential equation. The advantage of the proposed method of calculating the boundary conditions for the abovementioned equation is the use of boundary conditions of the second and third types of Neumann and Poincaré, which allowed us to take into account the mutual influence of shield wires and phase conductors of the line in one power system. On this basis, the methodology for obtaining time domain graphs, spatial distributions, and traveling wave distributions of voltages and currents for phase conductors and line shielding wires is presented. The results of a computer simulation of transient processes when switching on the power line, taking into account controlled phase commutation and under single-phase earth fault conditions, are presented. All calculation results of transient processes presented in the article were obtained exclusively using numerical methods.
High-Value Utilization of Tea Forest Resources: Breeding Eurotium cristatum Strains to Enhance Lovastatin Yields in Anhua Dark Tea
Authors: Li Taotao , Liu Zhanjun , Liu Shiquan , Li Jun , Zheng Yajun , Liu Zhonghua , Ling Peixue
Published: December 2023

The tea plant is a vital strategic forest resource in China. Dark tea produced from its leaves is an indispensable health-promoting product in western China due to its unique lipid-lowering function. Eurotium cristatum is the dominant strain in Fuzhuan brick tea (a variety of Anhua dark tea) and could produce many functional components, including lovastatin, a lipid-lowering compound. In this study, the lovastatin yield of dark tea was improved by breeding Eurotium cristatum using the protoplast fusion method. The experiments were carried out by inducing a fusion between inactivated Eurotium cristatum JH1205 and Monascus CICC5031. Among the 92 fusants screened the HPLC method, four strains (A4, A36, A54, and A76) with higher lovastatin production (more than three times as high) were obtained. The A76 strain had the highest lovastatin yield, which was 23.93 μg/mL. The location of the tea forest strongly influenced the lovastatin yield of loose dark tea. The strain bred in this study improved the lovastatin yield of loose dark tea by more than three times when compared to wild Eurotium cristatum. These results are promising for the development of tea forest resources.
Information Security Applications in Smart Cities: A Bibliometric Analysis of Emerging Research
Authors: Poleto Thiago , Nepomuceno Thyago Celso Cavalcante , de Carvalho Victor Diogho Heuer , Friaes Ligiane Cristina Braga de Oliveira , de Oliveira Rodrigo Cleiton Paiva , Figueiredo Ciro José Jardim
Published: December 2023

This paper aims to analyze the intellectual structure and research fronts in application information security in smart cities to identify research boundaries, trends, and new opportunities in the area. It applies bibliometric analyses to identify the main authors and their influences on information security and the smart city area. Moreover, this analysis focuses on journals indexed in Scopus databases. The results indicate that there is an opportunity for further advances in the adoption of information security policies in government institutions. Moreover, the production indicators presented herein are useful for the planning and implementation of information security policies and the knowledge of the scientific community about smart cities. The bibliometric analysis provides support for the visualization of the leading research technical collaboration networks among authors, co-authors, countries, and research areas. The methodology offers a broader view of the application information security in smart city areas and makes it possible to assist new research that may contribute to further advances. The smart cities topic has been receiving much attention in recent years, but to the best of our knowledge, there is no research on reporting new possibilities for advances. Therefore, this article may contribute to an emerging body of literature that explores the nature of application information security and smart cities research productivity to assist researchers in better understanding the current emerging of the area.
The Impact of Hydrolysis Regime on the Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Medium-Density Fiberboards Manufactured from Recycled Wood Fibers
Authors: Savov Viktor , Antov Petar , Panchev Christian , Lubis Muhammad Adly Rahandi , Taghiyari Hamid R. , Lee Seng Hua , Krišťák Ľuboš , Todorova Martina
Published: December 2023

Recycling medium-density fiberboards (MDF) presents notable technological challenges, primarily due to the deteriorated properties of the recycled wood fibers obtained from MDF waste. On the other hand, the enhanced valorization of recycled wood in the manufacturing of wood composites represents a viable approach for implementing the principles of a circular bio-economy in the wood-based panel industry and lowering its carbon footprint. This research aimed to investigate and evaluate the impact of the hydrothermal hydrolysis regime on the physical and mechanical properties of recycled MDF panels (rMDF). The hydrolysis temperature was varied from 121 °C (saturated steam pressure 0.2 MPa) to 134 °C (saturated steam pressure 0.3 MPa), and three hydrolysis durations, i.e., 30, 45, and 60 min, were applied. A control MDF panel, manufactured in laboratory conditions from industrial pulp, was used to perform the comparative analyses. It was observed that the degradation of the rMDF panels occurred when the hydrolysis temperature was increased from 121 °C to 134 °C. The research confirmed the deteriorated physical and mechanical properties of rMDF compared to the panels manufactured from natural wood fibers. Markedly, no significant differences were detected between the density profiles of the rMDF panels and the control boards fabricated from industrial pulp. As a result of the study, it was found that the hydrolysis temperature has a more significant effect than the processing time. It was also established that, in the preliminary preparation of the MDF panels into samples with dimensions similar to those of pulp chips, the optimal hydrolysis regime is at a temperature of 121° C (saturated steam pressure 0.2 MPa) and a time of 30 min.
Evaluating Tunnel Users’ Literacy on Expressway Tunnel Fire Safety: Questionnaire Analysis and Policy Decisions
Authors: Li Ying , Liu Dingli , Jiang Hong , Chen Shanbin , Liu Weijun , Zhu Sicheng , Wang Jingya , Zhou Tian
Published: December 2023

The number of tunnel fire accidents has increased with the scale of expressway tunnel construction and traffic flow. Due to the severity of tunnel fires, improving tunnel fire safety and reducing fire accident hazards has become a societal concern. It is essential to explore and evaluate tunnel fire safety literacy among the population. In this study, an online and on-site questionnaire survey was conducted in Hunan Province, China. A total of 1990 questionnaires were collected, of which 1573 were valid. Overall statistical analysis, descriptive statistics, and correlation analysis were performed on valid questionnaires. The results show that the overall level score rate of awareness of drivers and passengers regarding tunnel fire safety was only 0.43. In total, 58.42% of people were unaware of the pedestrian cross passages in expressway tunnels, and 68.40% were unable to recognize them. Similarly, 46.47% of people were unable to recognize evacuation signs in expressway tunnels. In addition, 39.29% of people chose the wrong evacuation behavior. The percentage of people who were aware of the correct usage of firefighting facilities in expressway tunnels was below 50.00%. Correlation analysis results show that tunnel users’ demographic characteristics significantly affected their cognition of expressway tunnel escape methods. This study shows that tunnel users’ emergency escape knowledge regarding tunnels is relatively low. Corresponding countermeasures were proposed to guide policy decisions for enhancing tunnel fire safety.
Tirailleurs Sénégalais in Modern Hebrew Poetry: Nathan Alterman
Authors: Bigon Liora , Langenthal Edna
Published: December 2023

This article expands on a poem written by one of the central figures in modern Hebrew literature, Nathan Alterman (1910–1970), entitled “About a Senegalese Soldier” (1945). Providing the first English translation of this poem and its first (academic) discussion in any language, the article analyzes the poem against contemporary geopolitical, historical, and literary backgrounds. The article’s transdisciplinary approach brings together imperial and colonial studies, African studies, and (Hebrew) literature studies. This unexpected combination adds originality to mainstream postcolonial perspectives through which the agency of the Senegalese riflemen [Tirailleurs sénégalais] has been often discussed in scholarly research. By using a rich variety of primary and secondary sources, the article also contributes to a more elaborated interpretation of Alterman’s poetry. This is achieved through embedding the poem on the tirailleur in a tripartite geopolitical context: local (British Mandate Palestine/Eretz-Israel), regional (the Middle East), and international (France-West Africa). The cultural histories and literary traditions in question are not normally cross-referenced in the relevant research literature and are less obvious to the anglophone reader.
Beauty Beware: Associations between Perceptions of Harm and Safer Hair-Product-Purchasing Behaviors in a Cross-Sectional Study of Adults Affiliated with a University in the Northeast
Authors: Payne Cathryn E. , Rockson Amber , Ashrafi Adiba , McDonald Jasmine A. , Bethea Traci N. , Barrett Emily S. , Llanos Adana A. M.
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: Widespread personal care product (PCP) use can expose individuals to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) associated with adverse health outcomes. This study investigated the association between harm perceptions and hair-product-purchasing behaviors in adults enrolled in a cross-sectional study. (2) Methods: Respondents rated their agreement with five PCP-related harm statements using a five-point Likert scale. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between harm perceptions with hair-product-purchasing behaviors and hair product use (i.e., number of products used). (3) Results: Among 567 respondents (non-Hispanic White, 54.9%; non-Hispanic Black, 9.5%; Hispanic/Latinx, 10.1%; Asian American/Pacific Islander, 20.1%; and multiracial/other, 5.5%), stronger harm perceptions around PCP use were associated with potentially “safer” hair-product-purchasing behaviors. Respondents who strongly agreed that consumers should be concerned about the health effects of PCPs had more than fourfold increased odds of always/usually using healthy product apps (OR 4.10, 95% CI: 2.04–8.26); reading ingredient labels (OR 4.53, 95% CI: 2.99–6.87); and looking for natural, non-toxic, or eco-friendly product labels (OR 4.53, 95% CI: 2.99–6.88) when buying hair products. (4) Conclusions: Promoting environmental health literacy and raising awareness of potential PCP use-related harms might encourage healthier hair product use behaviors.
Assessing the Determinants of Compliance with Contribution Payments to the National Health Insurance Scheme among Informal Workers in Indonesia
Authors: Trisnasari  , Laosee Orapin , Rattanapan Cheerawit , Janmaimool Piyapong
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to investigate the determinants of compliance with contribution payments to the National Health Insurance (NHI) scheme among informal workers in Bogor Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. Surveys of 418 informal workers in Bogor Regency from April to May 2023 were conducted. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the factors associated with informal workers’ compliance with NHI contribution payments. The results revealed that being female, having lower secondary education or below, perceiving good health of family members, having negative attitudes toward and poor knowledge of the NHI, experiencing financial difficulties, preferring to visit health facilities other than public ones, and utilizing fewer outpatient services were significantly associated with the noncompliance of informal workers with NHI contribution payments. It was concluded that economic factors alone cannot contribute to informal workers’ payment compliance and that motivational factors (knowledge, attitudes toward the insurance system, and self-related health status) also encourage them to comply with contribution payments. Improving people’s knowledge, especially on the risk-sharing concept of the NHI, should be done through extensive health insurance education using methods that are appropriate for the population’s characteristics.
PDE4 Phosphodiesterases in Cardiovascular Diseases: Key Pathophysiological Players and Potential Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Puertas-Umbert Lídia , Alonso Judith , Hove-Madsen Leif , Martínez-González José , Rodríguez Cristina
Published: December 2023

3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger critically involved in the control of a myriad of processes with significant implications for vascular and cardiac cell function. The temporal and spatial compartmentalization of cAMP is governed by the activity of phosphodiesterases (PDEs), a superfamily of enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of cyclic nucleotides. Through the fine-tuning of cAMP signaling, PDE4 enzymes could play an important role in cardiac hypertrophy and arrhythmogenesis, while it decisively influences vascular homeostasis through the control of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and contraction, as well as regulating endothelial permeability, angiogenesis, monocyte/macrophage activation and cardiomyocyte function. This review summarizes the current knowledge and recent advances in understanding the contribution of the PDE4 subfamily to cardiovascular function and underscores the intricate challenges associated with targeting PDE4 enzymes as a therapeutic strategy for the management of cardiovascular diseases.
Thermostable Lactonases Inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm: Effect In Vitro and in Drosophila melanogaster Model of Chronic Infection
Authors: Porzio Elena , Andrenacci Davide , Manco Giuseppe
Published: December 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the six antimicrobial-resistant pathogens known as “ESKAPE” that represent a global threat to human health and are considered priority targets for the development of novel antimicrobials and alternative therapeutics. The virulence of P. aeruginosa is regulated by a four-chemicals communication system termed quorum sensing (QS), and one main class of QS signals is termed acylhomoserine lactones (acyl-HSLs), which includes 3-Oxo-dodecanoil homoserine lactone (3-Oxo-C12-HSL), which regulates the expression of genes implicated in virulence and biofilm formation. Lactonases, like Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) from humans and the phosphotriesterase-like lactonases (PLLs) from thermostable microorganisms, are able to hydrolyze acyl-HSLs. In this work, we explored in vitro and in an animal model the effect of some lactonases on the production of Pseudomonas virulence factors. This study presents a model of chronic infection in which bacteria were administered by feeding, and Drosophila adults were treated with enzymes and the antibiotic tobramycin, alone or in combination. In vitro, we observed significant effects of lactonases on biofilm formation as well as effects on bacterial motility and the expression of virulence factors. The treatment in vivo by feeding with the lactonase SacPox allowed us to significantly increase the biocidal effect of tobramycin in chronic infection.
Forsythiaside A Activates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Regulates Oxidative Stress via Nrf2 Signaling
Authors: Kim Young Eun , Bak Seon-Been , Kim Min-Jin , Bae Su-Jin , Lee Won-Yung , Kim Young Woo
Published: December 2023

Forsythiaside A (FA) is an active constituent isolated from Forsythia suspensa, a beneficial herb used in traditional medicine known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Although various studies have suggested that FA has the protective effects, its impacts on arachidonic acid (AA) plus iron in vitro models and carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced mouse liver damage in vivo have not been explored. In this study, HepG2 cells were subjected to AA + iron treatment to induce apoptosis and mitochondrial impairment and determine the molecular mechanisms. FA exhibited protective effects by inhibiting cell damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by AA + iron, as assessed via immunoblot and flow cytometry analyses. Further molecular investigations revealed that FA resulted in the activation of extracellular-signal-related protein kinase (ERK), which subsequently triggered the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a critical regulator of cellular oxidative stress. Additionally, FA modulated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, which is a significant antioxidant transcription factor regulated by the AMPK pathway. For in vivo studies, mice were orally administered FA and then subjected to induction of CCl₄-based hepatotoxicity. The protective effect of FA was confirmed via blood biochemistry and immunohistochemical analyses. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated the protective effects of FA against oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo, thus indicating that FA is a potential candidate for liver protection. Our study sheds light on the mechanistic pathways involved in the antioxidant effects of FA, highlighting the hepatoprotective potential of naturally occurring compounds in traditional herbs, such as FA.
Pathogenic Impact of Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins in Parkinson’s Disease—Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Kawahata Ichiro , Fukunaga Kohji
Published: December 2023

Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by motor dysfunction resulting from the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the midbrain. This dopamine deficiency gives rise to a spectrum of movement-related symptoms, including tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. While the precise etiology of Parkinson’s disease remains elusive, genetic mutations, protein aggregation, inflammatory processes, and oxidative stress are believed to contribute to its development. In this context, fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) in the central nervous system, FABP3, FABP5, and FABP7, impact α-synuclein aggregation, neurotoxicity, and neuroinflammation. These FABPs accumulate in mitochondria during neurodegeneration, disrupting their membrane potential and homeostasis. In particular, FABP3, abundant in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, is responsible for α-synuclein propagation into neurons and intracellular accumulation, affecting the loss of mesencephalic tyrosine hydroxylase protein, a rate-limiting enzyme of dopamine biosynthesis. This review summarizes the characteristics of FABP family proteins and delves into the pathogenic significance of FABPs in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Furthermore, it examines potential novel therapeutic targets and early diagnostic biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease and related neurodegenerative disorders.
Sialylated Glycan Bindings from SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein to Blood and Endothelial Cells Govern the Severe Morbidities of COVID-19
Authors: Scheim David E. , Vottero Paola , Santin Alessandro D. , Hirsh Allen G.
Published: December 2023

Consistent with well-established biochemical properties of coronaviruses, sialylated glycan attachments between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP) and host cells are key to the virus’s pathology. SARS-CoV-2 SP attaches to and aggregates red blood cells (RBCs), as shown in many pre-clinical and clinical studies, causing pulmonary and extrapulmonary microthrombi and hypoxia in severe COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 SP attachments to the heavily sialylated surfaces of platelets (which, like RBCs, have no ACE2) and endothelial cells (having minimal ACE2) compound this vascular damage. Notably, experimentally induced RBC aggregation in vivo causes the same key morbidities as for severe COVID-19, including microvascular occlusion, blood clots, hypoxia and myocarditis. Key risk factors for COVID-19 morbidity, including older age, diabetes and obesity, are all characterized by markedly increased propensity to RBC clumping. For mammalian species, the degree of clinical susceptibility to COVID-19 correlates to RBC aggregability with p = 0.033. Notably, of the five human betacoronaviruses, the two common cold strains express an enzyme that releases glycan attachments, while the deadly SARS, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS do not, although viral loads for COVID-19 and the two common cold infections are similar. These biochemical insights also explain the previously puzzling clinical efficacy of certain generics against COVID-19 and may support the development of future therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 and long COVID patients.