bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated Detection of Rapid Variability of Moss Using SDO/AIA and Its Connection to the Solar Corona
Authors: Graham David R. , De Pontieu Bart , Testa Paola
Published: July 2019

Active region moss—the upper transition region of hot loops—was observed exhibiting rapid intensity variability on timescales of order 15 s by Testa et al. in a short time series (∼150 s) data set from Hi-C (High-resolution Coronal Imager). The intensity fluctuations in the subarcsecond 193A images (∼1.5 MK plasma) were uncharacteristic of steadily heated moss and were considered an indication of heating events connected to the corona. Intriguingly, these brightenings displayed a connection to the ends of transient hot loops seen in the corona. Following the same active region, AR11520, for 6 days, we demonstrate an algorithm designed to detect the same temporal variability in lower resolution Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) data, significantly expanding the number of events detected. Multiple analogous regions to the Hi-C data are successfully detected, showing moss that appears to “sparkle” prior to clear brightening of connected high-temperature loops; this is confirmed by the hot AIA channels and the isolated Fe xviii emission. The result is illuminating, as the same behavior has recently been shown by Polito et al. while simulating nanoflares with a beam of electrons depositing their energy in the lower atmosphere. Furthermore, the variability is localized mostly to the hot core of the region, hence we reinforce the diagnostic potential of moss variability as the driver of energy release in the corona. The ubiquitous nature of this phenomenon, and the ability to detect it in data with extended time series, and large fields of view, opens a new window into investigating the coronal heating mechanism.
Effects of undergrowth removal and edge proximity on ground beetles in urban boreal forests
Authors: Koivula Matti
Published: July 2019

Urban forests are regularly managed for human safety and aesthetic reasons, but they are crucial habitat for many species. Removals of undergrowth occur commonly in these forests, yet the ecological consequences of these operations are poorly understood. We sampled ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) along 20-m edge gradients in Finnish urban forests, in five stands treated 0.5−2.5 years earlier with undergrowth removal and in five untreated stands. We hypothesized that undergrowth removal and edge proximity would benefit opportunistic and open-habitat species, whereas shady-habitat species would be affected negatively.

Diversity and evenness indices, open-habitat species and Carabus nemoralis responded positively, and forest species, Leistus terminatus and Pterostichus oblongopunctatus responded negatively, to the undergrowth removal.

Edge proximity had little effect on carabids.

Diversity and evenness indices, open-habitat species and Carabus nemoralis responded positively, and forest species, Leistus terminatus and Pterostichus oblongopunctatus responded negatively, to the undergrowth removal.

Edge proximity had little effect on carabids.

However, open-habitat carabids were less abundant and less speciose 10−20 m from than right at the edge. We conclude that, while managing urban forests, undergrowth removals should be avoided at sites that host rare or threatened forest-associated species.
Responses of boreal ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) to different logging regimes during ten years of secondary succession
Authors: Koivula Matti
Published: July 2019

Many biological responses may develop over long periods of time, and annual community variation should therefore be controlled in ecological research. We sampled carabid beetles over ten years in Norway spruce dominated forests in Southern Finland, harvested using replicated logging treatments of different intensities. We collected carabids in 1995 (prior to logging) and during four post-harvest seasons, 1996-98 and in 2006. The treatments were clear-cutting (no retained trees), modified clear-cutting (retention of three groups of 20-30 trees within one-hectare core) and gap cutting (three 0.16-ha openings within a one-hectare core), and control (mature unharvested forest).

Carabids showed remarkable annual and regional variation at assemblage, ecological-group and species levels, such that was independent of treatments.

The total species richness, and that of open-habitat carabids, were higher in cleared sites of all treatments than in control stands in 1997-1998 but not in 2006, suggesting that the logging response was ephemeral by many species.

The abundances of forest and generalist carabids were little affected by logging. Open-habitat carabids were more abundant in clear-cuts and modified clear-cuts than in gap cuts, which was still detectable in 2006, suggesting a long-term effect.

Open-habitat carabids were less abundant in retention sites of modified clear-cuts and gap cuts than in cleared sites, suggesting that retention attenuates assemblage change.

Carabid assemblages of logged stands did not differ from control stands in 1996 but they did in 1997-1998, suggesting a one-year delay in logging response.

Carabids showed remarkable annual and regional variation at assemblage, ecological-group and species levels, such that was independent of treatments.

The total species richness, and that of open-habitat carabids, were higher in cleared sites of all treatments than in control stands in 1997-1998 but not in 2006, suggesting that the logging response was ephemeral by many species.

The abundances of forest and generalist carabids were little affected by logging. Open-habitat carabids were more abundant in clear-cuts and modified clear-cuts than in gap cuts, which was still detectable in 2006, suggesting a long-term effect.

Open-habitat carabids were less abundant in retention sites of modified clear-cuts and gap cuts than in cleared sites, suggesting that retention attenuates assemblage change.

Carabid assemblages of logged stands did not differ from control stands in 1996 but they did in 1997-1998, suggesting a one-year delay in logging response.

In 2006, logged and control stands hosted relatively similar assemblages which, together with the above results, suggests a partial faunal recovery. We conclude that even modest retention provides long-term support for forest carabids, but also that their full assemblage recovery takes longer than 10 years.
Morceaux du réel. Le concept de critique, de l’origine du drame baroque allemand à sens unique
Authors: Goldberg Andrés
Published: July 2019

La rupture avec le romantisme d’Iéna et l’exploration du signe allégorique du baroque amènent Walter Benjamin à opérer un infléchissement du concept de critique d’art immanente. L’idée d’un achèvement formel laisse la place à une action violente sur le réel de l’œuvre. Ce mouvement trouve un aboutissement dans la définition de la critique comme mortification des œuvres annoncée dans l’ Origine du drame baroque allemand . Explorant la confrontation formelle de celui-ci avec Sens unique , le présent travail vise à dégager les effets de cette définition de la critique afin de penser une philosophie de l’art séparée de l’esthétique et du privilège de la forme.
L’enquête VIRAGE (VIolences et RApports de GEnre)
Authors: Brown Elizabeth , Debauche Alice , Mazuy Magali , Delage Pauline , Lieber Marylène
Published: July 2019

En France, l’enquête VIRAGE (VIolences et RApports de GEnre) est une enquête de victimisation qui s’intéresse principalement aux violences de genre. Nous avons choisi de donner la parole à certaines des chercheuses qui ont, en 2015, conceptualisé et mené cette vaste enquête pour faire suite à l’enquête ENVEFF (ENquête nationale sur les Violences Envers les Femmes en France) réalisée en 2000.
Mierle Laderman Ukeles et l’art comme laboratoire du care . « Lundi matin, après la révolution qui s’occupera des poubelles ? »
Authors: Ibos Caroline
Published: July 2019

Dans Un monde vulnérable , Joan Tronto exclut explicitement l’art du champ du care parce que, selon elle, l’activité artistique n’aurait pas pour but le maintien, la perpétuation ou la réparation du monde commun. Pourtant, l’œuvre de l’artiste féministe étatsunienne Mierle Laderman Ukeles fragilise cette affirmation. Bien avant l’élaboration des théories du care , dès la fin des années 1960, celle-ci imaginait des performances qui resituaient les activités de maintenance au centre de l’espace public. Elle interroge la manière dont s’entrelacent les activités d’entretien, leur invisibilisation et la subordination sociale de celles et ceux qui les prennent en charge. Affirmant que l’art peut se saisir du sale boulot, sa contribution à l’éthique et à la politique du care semble aujourd’hui majeure en ce qu’elle propose de nouvelles articulations pratiques entre l’art, le care et le politique.
Le « Code des femmes » ? Conflits d’héritage, dynamiques de genre et usages du droit à Cotonou
Authors: Andreetta Sophie
Published: July 2019

En 2004, le Bénin adopte un Code des personnes et de la famille, destiné à mettre fin au dualisme juridique en droit privé et à l’application du droit « traditionnel », jugé discriminatoire. Avec pour élément phare la notion d’égalité, le nouveau Code est souvent décrit comme le « Code des femmes » par les citoyens ordinaires et par les professionnels du droit de Cotonou. D’où vient cette réputation ? En détaillant le contexte de son adoption ainsi que la manière dont le nouveau texte a été présenté aux citoyen·ne·s, cet article permettra tout d’abord de mieux comprendre la manière dont il est perçu. Avec les litiges de succession comme étude de cas, il s’intéressera à celles et ceux qui l’utilisent, à l’usage qu’ils en font et aux conséquences sur les rapports de genre, les relations familiales et l’accès aux biens communs à Cotonou.
La gouvernance des flux migratoires de l’Afrique vers l’Union européenne
Authors: Traoré Moussa Khoré
Published: July 2019

Cet article a pour principal objectif d’apporter une contribution à la problématique de la gouvernance des flux migratoires de l’Afrique vers l’Europe. En se basant sur des aspects à la fois historiques, socio-économique, démographique et politique, il analyse les multiples causes de la migration africaine en Europe. Il présente la politique d’immigration européenne et d’émigration africaine. Par la suite, il propose des politiques de gouvernance des flux migratoires axées sur les causes de l’immigration africaine, tout en faisant ressortir les liens avec le développement socio-économique du berceau de l’humanité.
L’Union européenne et les transitions démocratiques en Afrique : réflexions sur le cas tunisien
Authors: Jaidane Riadh
Published: July 2019

La Tunisie, associée dès le départ en 1995 au processus méditerranéen de Barcelone, s’est trouvé quelques années plus tard initiatrice d’un processus démocratique et présentée en tant que modèle dans la région et d’ailleurs le seul pays où la transition démocratique s’est révélée solide. L’étude des relations de la Tunisie avec l’Europe dans le cadre du soutien de cette dernière à sa transition démocratique est révélatrice des efforts fournis par l’UE. Ce soutien s’est traduit par plusieurs mesures et accords de partenariats, et notamment la conclusion d’un partenariat privilégié avec la Tunisie, en novembre 2012, qui a concrètement matérialisé le projet de l’accompagnement de l’UE aux réformes impliquées par la transition démocratique afin d’aboutir à un Accord de libre-échange complet et approfondi (ALECA). Les négociations de l’ALECA ont débuté en octobre 2015 pour privilégier une intégration économique plus étroite entre l’UE et la Tunisie et permettre d’ancrer davantage la Tunisie à l’Union et d’asseoir les institutions étatiques dans le cadre de l’État de droit en soutenant la démocratisation. Mais malgré les efforts et les actions menées dans ce sens, l’approche européenne de partenariat n’a pas été une réussite totale et s’est avérée non seulement inégalitaire, mais en plus, elle ne répond pas totalement aux défis réels que rencontre la Tunisie qui dénote la persistance de tensions entre valeurs et intérêts. Ce qui a poussé les différentes instances de l’UE, et notamment le Parlement européen, à se prononcer en faveur de mesures plus souples et mieux adaptées afin d’accompagner la jeune démocratie tunisienne. La période difficile que traverse la Tunisie, avec des tensions internes qui se sont traduites par des blocages au niveau politique, la persistance de revendications sociales, des menaces terroristes et des conflits régionaux, et sur le plan économique aurait pu pousser le partenaire européen à proposer un traitement spécifique et à s’adapter à la réalité économique et politique de la Tunisie. La transition démocratique historique de la Tunisie appelle un partenariat UE-Tunisie beaucoup plus ambitieux, qui aille au-delà des mesures usuelles et passe au moins par un assouplissement des réformes imposées qui procèdent d’une conception purement européenne et qui requièrent des efforts importants pour le rapprochement à l’acquis communautaire, la modernisation des institutions et la mise à niveau des infrastructures. La transition démocratique exceptionnelle en Tunisie nécessite un traitement exceptionnel de la part de l’Union européenne afin de favoriser de tels processus dans la région au profit de la paix et au service de la sécurité dans cet espace euro-méditerranéen.
Faire de la théologie dans un christianisme diasporique
Authors: Theobald Christoph
Published: July 2019

C’est une évidence qui se manifeste dans le célèbre texte de Karl Rahner sur l’Église en diaspora (1954), à savoir le lien, historiquement variable mais en principe chaque fois intrinsèque, entre une situation historico-sociale de l’Église et la désignation correcte du moment présent, d’un côté, et des manières spécifiques de faire de la théologie, de l’autre. Partant de ce constat et tenant compte des évolutions post-conciliaires de la théologie catholique, l’article distinguera et précisera trois tâches de la théologie au sein d’un christianisme diasporique. La toute première est celle que Rahner a entreprise à son époque, à savoir celle de discerner aujourd’hui les « signes des temps » et d’aider ainsi les communautés chrétiennes à comprendre le moment de crise hautement inconfortable qu’elles traversent. Une deuxième tâche consiste alors à penser l’existence chrétienne et sa communalisation ecclésiale, en sa source et en son déploiement minoritaire au sein de nos sociétés européennes d’aujourd’hui. Ce qui nous conduira, pour finir, à concevoir un type de « formation » élémentaire au sein de nos communautés en diaspora, qui, tout en s’appuyant sur une théologie universitaire, les rend plus conscientes du « lien » ecclésial qui les constitue et plus aptes à exercer leur responsabilité comme « sujets historiques » vis-à-vis de leur avenir.
Un catholicisme diasporique
Authors: Hervieu-Léger Danièle
Published: July 2019

Lorsque Karl Rahner annonce dans un fameux article de 1954, les profondes mutations qui attendaient l’Église catholique, il fit preuve d’un singulier courage théologique mais surtout d’une grande originalité d’analyse. En effet, plutôt que de déplorer la sécularisation et de chercher à la contrer, il en prend acte comme de la condition actuelle de la présence du christianisme dans les sociétés occidentales contemporaines. L’article évalue la portée sociologique de cette forme « diasporique » que Karl Rahner présente comme la modalité obligée d’une communalisation catholique répondant à sa situation minoritaire dans le monde tel qu’il est.
La critique de « l’Évangile selon sainte Scolastique »
Authors: Riaudel Olivier
Published: July 2019

L’histoire du mouvement néoscolastique moderne, qui n’est pas identifiable en tout au thomisme, et dont la magna carta était Æterni Patris s’est achevée au deuxième Concile du Vatican. L’article cherche à définir les caractéristiques de cette néoscolastique, précise le rôle central qu’y tient le thème de la « nature pure », et formule quelques points sur lesquels une théologie dans la situation de diaspora qui est la sienne devrait être attentive.
L’autoformation, cadre d’analyse de l’apprentissage des patients sur les forums de santé
Authors: Deccache Carole , Morsa Maxime , Sanguignol Frédéric , Gagnayre Rémi
Published: July 2019

Introduction : Les forums de santé en ligne (FSL) sont des outils d’apprentissage et d’éducation thérapeutique des patients (ETP). Pour renforcer la dimension pédagogique de ces outils, il est nécessaire de comprendre les processus et conditions d’apprentissage en jeu sur les FSL. Un cadre d’analyse possible de ce phénomène est l’autoformation (AF). Objectif : L’objectif est de proposer un cadre d’analyse des processus d’apprentissage et d’ETP sur les FSL au moyen de l’AF. Il pourrait permettre d’interroger les caractéristiques formatives des FSL et d’identifier de possibles implications pour l’ETP. Méthode : Une revue narrative a été réalisée sur la base de 40 publications dont l’analyse, selon trois catégories d’informations (éléments de définition de l’AF, rôle de l’apprenant et impact de l’environnement), a permis de cerner les théories explicatives de l’AF. Pour en faciliter la lecture, les principales informations ont été simplifiées et intégrées dans une représentation schématique. Résultats : Le principal résultat est une proposition de cadre d’analyse permettant d’interroger les FSL selon leurs caractéristiques autoformatives et de discuter leurs liens avec les programmes d’ETP. En effet, des principes similaires entre l’AF et l’ETP apparaissent comme l’identification des besoins, l’autonomie des patients/apprenants, la place du sentiment d’efficacité personnelle. Ces rapprochements apportent un éclairage sur la complémentarité des FSL avec l’ETP. Conclusion : L’AF est un cadre de lecture des processus d’éducation et d’apprentissage des internautes sur les FSL. Si des rapprochements entre l’ETP dans FSL et l’AF sont identifiés, une meilleure compréhension des modes d’apprentissage utilisés dans les FSL et de leur fonctionnement selon le type d’usager pourrait clarifier leur potentiel apprenant et leur portée autonomisante.
Validation complémentaire d’une mesure de satisfaction au travail
Authors: Tavani Jean Louis , Lo Monaco Grégory , Collange Julie
Published: July 2019

Cadre théorique : En France, il existe un intérêt grandissant pour les déterminants des dimensions positives de santé au travail qui contribuent à la qualité de vie au travail des salariés. Parmi ces dimensions, la satisfaction au travail est celle qui a été la plus étudiée. Néanmoins, peu de mesures validées en langue française sont disponibles, et parmi elles nous nous intéresserons à la mesure de la satisfaction en un item ( Job Satisfaction Single Item  – JSSI). L’objectif de cet article est d’apporter des éléments empiriques complémentaires visant à valider une mesure de satisfaction au travail composée d’un seul item. Méthode : Nous avons examiné la sensibilité et la validité de critère de la JSSI. Plus précisément, nous avons examiné les liens entre la JSSI et, d’une part, d’autres échelles de satisfaction au travail, et d’autre part, avec des mesures de santé et motivation au travail, telles que le stress perçu, la satisfaction de vie, le bonheur, la perception de soutien social donné et reçu, et enfin d’engagement organisationnel. Nous avons également vérifié que la JSSI engendrait un gain de temps significatif dans sa complétion par rapport à des mesures plus longues de satisfaction au travail. Résultats : Les résultats témoignent que la mesure de satisfaction au travail en un item présente à la fois une sensibilité adéquate et une bonne validité de critère aussi bien avec des mesures de santé au travail positives que des mesures négatives. Enfin, la JSSI permet un gain de temps significatif par rapport aux mesures en cinq et vingt items. Conclusion : Les preuves empiriques présentées ici réaffirment les bonnes qualités psychométriques de cette mesure. La JSSI est une mesure appropriée et permettant un gain de la satisfaction au travail, et ce plus particulièrement dans les études visant à examiner la variabilité intra-individuelle.
Aménagements des conditions de passation d’examens : analyse dans l’académie de Lille
Authors: Weens Brigitte , Dupond Marie Pierre , Caron Annick , Catteloin Catherine , Feret Victoria
Published: July 2019

Introduction : À partir de l’analyse des conditions de passation des examens (ACE) en 2015/2016, nous avons souhaité faire un focus sur l’utilisation du temps majoré en 2017 et proposer des pistes d’amélioration visant à réduire les inégalités constatées. Méthodes : Recueil des données envoyées dans les Directions des Services Départementaux de l’Éducation nationale (DSDEN) pour les ACE en 2015/2016 et tirage aléatoire de 5 % de demandes pour l’année scolaire 2016/2017 (193 dossiers). Recueil de l’utilisation du temps majoré dans les centres d’examens pour la session de juin 2017. Courrier adressé aux responsables légaux de l’échantillon des 193 dossiers. Résultats : La majeure partie des demandes en 2015/2016 est faite pour le diplôme national du brevet des collèges (DNB), 31 % émanent du privé, 11 % d’établissements situés en réseau d’éducation prioritaire (REP). Dans l’échantillonnage, 80,35 % des dossiers contiennent une demande de temps majoré. Parmi celles-ci, 76,43 % le sont pour pathologies « DYS ». 8 881 fiches nous ont été retournées des centres d’examens. Le temps supplémentaire accordé n’est pas du tout utilisé dans presque 60 % des cas. Il l’est en totalité chez environ 15 % des élèves. Discussion : Le dispositif actuel semble renforcer les inégalités sociales de santé et des propositions d’amélioration sont suggérées en termes de repérage, d’information, d’accompagnement et d’évaluations intermédiaires.
Successful Treatment of Morel-Lavallée Lesion of the Back With Transcutaneous Transmyofascial Bolstered Progressive Tension Suturing
Authors: Reid Daniel B. C. , Daniels Alan H. , Haque Maahir U. , Palumbo Mark A.
Published: July 2019

The authors describe their experience in successfully treating an isolated Morel-Lavallée lesion of the lumbar spine after delayed presentation. In addition to thorough irrigation, debridement, and pseudo-capsulectomy, surgical management included transcutaneous transmyofascial bolstering with a progressive tension suturing technique to close the cavity over drains in a “quilting” fashion. This was followed by 6 days of incisional wound vacuum treatment and 13 days of drainage through 2 Jackson-Pratt drains. At 6-month follow-up, the patient noted resolution of pain and return to baseline level of functioning. No evidence of recurrence was noted. The Morel-Lavallée lesion of the low back represents a difficult soft tissue injury to treat with substantial risk of complications and recurrence. Diagnosing and treating physicians should be familiar with common injury mechanisms and clinical presentations, as well as a variety of nonoperative and operative treatment options. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(4):e399–e401.]
An Anatomic Intraoperatively Prepared Antibiotic Spacer in Two-Stage Shoulder Reimplantation for Deep Infection: The Potential for Early Rehabilitation
Authors: Aibinder William R. , Lee Julia , Shukla Dave R. , Cofield Robert H. , Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquin , Sperling John W.
Published: July 2019

Molded antibiotic shoulder spacers allow for intraoperative customization of antibiotics and multiple size options. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an anatomic intraoperatively molded spacer in the two-stage treatment of infection and to assess the safety of early rehabilitation when the capsule and rotator cuff are present. During 2014 and 2015, 27 shoulders were treated with a molded antibiotic cement spacer as part of a two-stage treatment. Indications included periprosthetic joint infection (n=18), native shoulder infection (n=8), and infection after internal fixation (n=1). All patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years. Mean follow-up time was 29.6 months. Patients were allowed to perform motion exercises (group I; n=16) or were instructed to avoid motion (group II; n=11) after spacer implantation, depending on the condition of their rotator cuff. Infection was eradicated in 23 of the 27 shoulders (85%). At most recent follow-up, pain scores were lower in group I. Mean final elevation was 115° in group I compared with 93° in group II. Mean final active external rotation was 36°, with no difference between the groups. In 3 (4%) shoulders with significant proximal humeral bone loss, the spacer became rotationally unstable. An anatomic intraoperatively molded spacer can be implanted safely in two-stage treatment for deep infection and has a reasonable rate of eradication. When adequate capsule and rotator cuff tissue is present, early motion in between stages can be safely recommended with a trend toward improved forward elevation at final follow-up and may facilitate the second stage reimplantation. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(4):211–218.]
Context-Aware Service Modeling and Conflicts Discovery Based on Petri Net
Authors: Lu Tao , Zhao Dan
Published: July 2019

In smart environments, context-aware service sense various kinds of context information and reacts automatically to adapt to changing circumstances. These adaptions may lead to context changes which trigger other services elsewhere in the environment and thus produce cascading reactions. Conflict adaptions or unexpected side effects may exist in this process. This article focuses on service conflicts related to frustrations in service execution and violations of the service's objective. A petri net-based approach is proposed to model and simulate context changes as well as services execution, and a conflicts discovery mechanism was built to detect potential conflicts. The case study of smart home scenarios shows how the method helps locate conflicts caused by different services, validating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A Least-Loss Algorithm for a Bi-Objective One-Dimensional Cutting-Stock Problem
Authors: Alfares Hesham K. , Alsawafy Omar G.
Published: July 2019

This article presents a new model and an efficient solution algorithm for a bi-objective one-dimensional cutting-stock problem. In the cutting-stock—or trim-loss—problem, customer orders of different smaller item sizes are satisfied by cutting a number of larger standard-size objects. After cutting larger objects to satisfy orders for smaller items, the remaining parts are considered as useless or wasted material, which is called “trim-loss.” The two objectives of the proposed model, in the order of priority, are to minimize the total trim loss, and the number of partially cut large objects. To produce near-optimum solutions, a two-stage least-loss algorithm (LLA) is used to determine the combinations of small item sizes that minimize the trim loss quantity. Solving a real-life industrial problem as well as several benchmark problems from the literature, the algorithm demonstrated considerable effectiveness in terms of both objectives, in addition to high computational efficiency.
Factors Affecting Community Empowerment During Disaster Recovery
Authors: Van Krieken Tony , Pathirage Chaminda
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore and identify the factors for empowering the community during the Disaster Recovery phase. It is very important to recognize the community (decision makers) as being empowered of their fate but not to inform, consult and having others to decide their fate. The study investigates the important role of the project manager who coordinates and communicates with the community members in order to empower them to achieve a long-term sustainability. The findings obtained from the literature review and the case studies allow identifying the factors for empowering the community during Disaster Recovery, such as: participation in decision-making; use of social capital within the community; thinking and doing SMART; recognizing community power; building capacity; and helping your neighbors. The results of this study provide guidelines for Project Managers to empower the community as decisions makers in the disaster recovery phase.
A Low Power IoT Medium Access Control for Receiver-Assigned CDMA
Authors: Petrosky Eric E. , Michaels Alan J. , Ernst Joseph M.
Published: July 2019

Low power, low cost, and security-conscious wireless sensor networks are becoming increasingly pervasive in the internet of things (IoT). In these networks, receiver-assigned code division multiple access (RA-CDMA) offers benefits over existing multiple access techniques. RA-CDMA networks are asynchronous, robust against multipath interference, and offer resilience against collision. A lightweight medium access control (MAC) protocol is needed to facilitate communication in RA-CDMA networks between low power sensor nodes and access points. This article provides an overview of RA-CDMA and proposes elements of a new MAC protocol that could improve performance of certain wireless sensor networks. Key features of the proposed MAC design are introduced and compared to those of existing protocols, highlighting its simple and lightweight design. Through its compatibility with RA-CDMA, the MAC design eliminates significant overhead and complexity while meeting requirements for low power networks, which enables the implementation of dense IoT sensor networks.
Petri Net Recommender System for Generating of Perfect Binary Tree
Authors: Singh Gajendra Pratap , Singh Sujit Kumar
Published: July 2019

In modeling a discrete event driven system, Petri net recommender systems can play a very important role in describing the structural and behavioral properties of complex and tricky networks. The finite and infinite perfect binary tree forms a predictive model which can map the input information to output information based on the inputs' attributes. A perfect binary tree can be used for three types of recommender systems such as: collaborative filtering, a content-based approach, and a hybrid approach. In this article, the authors show the existence of a Petri net whose reachability tree is a Perfect Infinite Binary Tree (PIBT).
A Biologically Inspired Saliency Priority Extraction Using Bayesian Framework
Authors: Hosseinkhani Jila , Joslin Chris
Published: July 2019

In this article, the authors used saliency detection for video streaming problem to be able to transmit regions of video frames in a ranked manner based on their importance. The authors designed an empirically-based study to investigate bottom-up features to achieve a ranking system stating the saliency priority. We introduced a gradual saliency detection model using a Bayesian framework for static scenes under conditions that we had no cognitive bias. To extract color saliency, we used a new feature contrast in Lab color space as well as a k-nearest neighbor search based on k-d tree search technique to assign a ranking system into different colors according to our empirical study. To find the salient textured regions we employed contrast-based Gabor energy features and then we added a new feature as intensity variance map. We merged different feature maps and classified saliency maps using a Naive Bayesian Network to prioritize the saliency across a frame. The main goal of this work is to create the ability to assign a saliency priority for the entirety of a video frame rather than simply extracting a salient area which is widely performed.
Thoughts of Using Economic Decision-Making to Systems Engineering and Systems Thinking
Authors: Galli Brian J.
Published: July 2019

System engineering is an art that tries to capture the requirements that are imposed by stakeholders. Economic decision-making is an essential tool for systems engineers to accomplish that goal. However, a decision as a whole in systems engineering can be summed up in the following three element process: utility analysis by 17 evaluation criteria, human behavioral analysis by 6 evaluation criteria, the calculation of Net Present Value, IRR, and other economic decision-making indicators. The author will further discuss the NPV and IRR methods to discover some hidden pitfalls. Also, this article will discuss some newer methods/techniques that avoid these pitfalls in economic decision-making by accounting for the risk associated with these methodologies.
The Impact of IFRS Adoption on Quality of Accounting Information: Evidence from Sri Lanka
Authors: Yasas T. G. , Perera H. A. P. L.
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption on quality of accounting information in terms of value relevance of listed manufacturing companies in Colombo Stock Exchange. At present, countries are mandated or permitted to apply IFRS in preparation of their financial statements. There are many studies available on IFRS adoption internationally. However, there is no clear evidence that IFRS adoption enhances the quality of accounting information pertaining to Sri Lankan context. This study employs 29 listed manufacturing companies with both pre-IFRS (2009-2011) and post-IFRS (2013-2015) information. Data were analyzed using multiple regression method. Results showed that value relevance of accounting information has not significantly improved in the post-IFRS period than the pre-IFRS period. Further studies are encouraged to conduct on investigating the impact of IFRS adoption on the quality of accounting information by expanding the sample size.
The Impact of Behavioural Elements of Job Design on Employee Engagement of Public Sector Administrative Service Officers in Sri Lanka
Authors: Dissanayake D. M. P. S. K. , Jayatilake L. V. K.
Published: July 2019

Public Sector should be focused on improving the productivity by empowering employees and this will be part of an overall growth strategy of the countrie’s economy. Therefore, the service quality of public sector of the country is significantly important.The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of behavioural elements of Job Design on the level of employee engagement of Sri Lanka Administrative Service Officers. This quantitative study, 141 SLAS officers among 2384 SLAS officers are examined to identify the impact of each of the behavioural element tested in Hackman and Oldham’s Job characteristics model on the level of Employee engagement. In addition the level of employee engagement of SLAS officers and the level of each of the five behavioural element embedded in the job of SLAS officers are measured in the study. The results of the study indicates that 65% of the variance in Employee Engagement is explained by five behavioural elements of Job Design. It is also found that Autonomy, Task Significance and Skill Variety elemants of Job Design are positively correlated with the level of employee engagement of SLAS officers and Task Identity and Task Feedback elements of Job Design are not significantly correlated with employee engagement. The study also proved that SLAS officers are moderately engaged in their job, having moderaley positve mean values for vigour, dedication and absorption elements. The level of Autonomy and Skill Variety elements embedded in the job of SLAS officers is at a moderate level and the level of Task Significance and Task Identity elements embedded in the job of SLAS officers is at a high level. The feedback provided by the job to its holder is at a low when considering the job of the sample. A more accurate method should be developed to provide a feedback to the job holder regarding the performance.
Generalised anxiety disorder in adolescents in Ghana: Examination of the psychometric properties of the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 scale
Authors: Adjorlolo Samuel
Published: July 2019

The Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) is a self-report scale used to assess general anxiety symptoms. Although the GAD-7 has been found to be a valid scale among adults, studies examining its psychometric properties among adolescents in high-income countries are notably limited and particularly non-existent in low- and middle-income countries. The current study addresses this lacuna by investigating the factorial validity, construct validity, internal consistency and discriminant accuracy of the GAD-7. Data were collected from 553 adolescents (boys = 231; average age = 16.85) recruited from a senior high school in Ghana, a sub-Saharan African country, using cross-sectional self-report methodology. The result supports a unidimensional structure of the GAD-7 that was invariant across gender. The GAD-7 correlates significantly with measures of anxiety, suicidal tendencies and mental well-being, suggesting construct validity. The internal consistency of the GAD-7, based on the mean inter-item correlation value of 0.24 and Cronbach’s a = 0.69, is adequate. The GAD-7 similarly discriminated between individuals at high risk of suicidal tendencies and depression from those with low or no risk, with area under curve values of 0.71 and 0.70, respectively. The GAD-7 is a reliable and valid measure to screen for generalised anxiety disorder among adolescents in Ghana.
Heat flow and quantitative differentiation
Authors: Hytönen Tuomas , Naor Assaf
Published: July 2019

For every Banach space

(Y,\|\cdot\|_Y)

that admits an equivalent uniformly convex norm we prove that there exists

c=c(Y)\in (0,\infty)

with the following property. Suppose that

n\in \mathbb N

and that

X

is an

n

-dimensional normed space with unit ball

B_X

. Then for every

1

-Lipschitz function

f:B_X\to Y

and for every

\varepsilon \in (0,1/2]

there exists a radius

r\ge \exp(-1/\varepsilon^{cn})

, a point

x\in B_X

with

x+rB_X\subset B_X

, and an affine mapping

\Lambda:X\to Y

such that

\|f(y)-\Lambda(y)\|_Y\le \varepsilon r

for every

y\in x+rB_X

. This is an improved bound for a fundamental quantitative differentiation problem that was formulated by Bates, Johnson, Lindenstrauss, Preiss and Schechtman (1999), and consequently it yields a new proof of Bourgain's discretization theorem (1987) for uniformly convex targets. The strategy of our proof is inspired by Bourgain's original approach to the discretization problem, which takes the affine mapping

\Lambda

to be the first order Taylor polynomial of a time-

t

Poisson evolute of an extension of

f

to all of

X

and argues that, under appropriate assumptions on

f

, there must exist a time

t\in (0,\infty)

at which

\Lambda

is (quantitatively) invertible. However, in the present context we desire a more stringent conclusion, namely that

\Lambda

well-approximates

f

on a macroscopically large ball, in which case we show that for our argument to work one cannot use the Poisson semigroup. Nevertheless, our strategy does succeed with the Poisson semigroup replaced by the heat semigroup. As a crucial step of our proof, we establish a new uniformly convex-valued Littlewood–Paley–Stein

\mathcal{G}

-function inequality for the heat semigroup; influential work of Martínez, Torrea and Xu (2006) obtained such an inequality for subordinated Poisson semigroups but left the important case of the heat semigroup open. As a byproduct, our proof also yields a new and simple approach to the classical Dorronsoro theorem (1985) even for real-valued functions.
The sensitivity of PM2.5 acidity to meteorological parameters and chemical composition changes: 10-year records from six Canadian monitoring sites
Authors: Tao Ye , Murphy Jennifer G.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Aerosol pH is difficult to measure directly but can be calculated
if the chemical composition is known with sufficient accuracy and precision
to calculate the aerosol water content and the H+ concentration through
the equilibrium among acids and their conjugate bases. In practical terms,
simultaneous measurements of at least one semi-volatile constituent, e.g.
NH3 or HNO3, are required to provide a constraint on the
calculation of pH. Long-term records of aerosol pH are scarce due to the
limited monitoring of NH3 in conjunction with PM2.5. In this
study, 10-year (2007–2016) records of pH of PM2.5 at six eastern
Canadian sites were calculated using the E-AIM II model with the input of
gaseous NH3, gaseous HNO3 and major water-soluble inorganic ions
in PM2.5 provided by Canada's National Air Pollution Surveillance
(NAPS) Program. Clear seasonal cycles of aerosol pH were found with lower pH
(∼2) in summer and higher pH (∼3) in winter
consistently across all six sites, while the day-to-day variations of
aerosol pH were higher in winter compared to summer. Tests of the
sensitivity of aerosol pH to meteorological parameters demonstrate that the
changes in ambient temperature largely drive the seasonal cycle of aerosol
pH. The sensitivity of pH to chemical composition shows that pH has
different responses to the changes in chemical composition in different
seasons. During summertime, aerosol pH was mainly determined by temperature
with limited impact from changes in NHx or sulfate concentrations.
However, in wintertime, both meteorological parameters and chemical
composition contribute to the variations in aerosol pH, resulting in the
larger variation during wintertime. This study reveals that the sensitivity
of aerosol pH to chemical composition is distinctly different under
different meteorological conditions and needs to be carefully examined for
any particular region.
CLIMADA v1: a global weather and climate risk assessment platform
Authors: Aznar-Siguan Gabriela , Bresch David N.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The need for assessing the risk of extreme weather events
is ever increasing. In addition to quantification of risk today, the role of
aggravating factors such as high population growth and changing climate
conditions matters, too. We present the open-source software CLIMADA (CLIMate ADAptation),
which integrates hazard, exposure, and vulnerability to compute the necessary
metrics to assess risk and to quantify socio-economic impact. The software
design is modular and object oriented, offering a simple collaborative
framework and a parallelization strategy which allows for scalable
computations on clusters. CLIMADA supports multi-hazard calculations and
provides an event-based probabilistic approach that is globally consistent
for a wide range of resolutions, suitable for whole-country to detailed
local studies. This paper uses the platform to estimate and contextualize
the damage of hurricane Irma in the Caribbean in 2017. Most of the affected
islands are non-sovereign countries and also rely on overseas support in
case disaster strikes. The risk assessment performed for this region, based
on remotely available data available shortly before or hours after landfall
of Irma, proves to be close to reported damage and hence demonstrates a
method to provide readily available impact estimates and associated
uncertainties in real time.
A precise location navigation map visualization method for landmark guidance
Authors: Wang Haiying , Yan Haowen
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Due to the errors of the global positioning system and the navigation map, the navigation map can only locate the approximate location of the points of interest on the map, which causes the navigation task to end at a distance of several meters to several tens of meters from the real destination. The navigation of the left distance needs to be done by the user himself. In addition, the number of points of interest on the navigation map is limited, and the user can only navigate to the points of interest near the destination and then complete the remaining navigation by himself. This paper proposes a navigation map guided by landmarks, where the user finds the exact location of the destination. The map has the following characteristics: 1) The map is produced by general users 2) The map can be displayed globally or in segments 3) Highlight landmarks 4) Map navigation does not depend on GPS 5) Simple spread.
The Spatial-temporal Variation of Precipitation and Temperature in Xinjiang in Recent 50 Years
Authors: Wang Yuzhu , Yan Haowen , Wang Xiaoping , Wang Zhuo
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Research purpose: To master the spatial-temporal evolution of precipitation and temperature in Xinjiang, and to provide reference for industrial, agricultural and transportation industries in the study area. Date and Rrsearch methods: Based on monthly precipitation and temperature data of 64 weather stations in Xinjiang in recent 50 years，the spatial-temporal variation of precipitation and temperature were analyzed by the methods of simple linear regression, 5-year moving average, radial basis function interpolation, sliding -t test, accumulated variance analysis, Mann-Kendall and morlet wavelet transform.Research conclusion:(1) The annual average precipitation (8.65 mm/10 a) in Xinjiang showed a significant increasing trend, and the increasing trend in local areas was:Northern Xinjiang (14.83 mm/10 a) > Southern Xinjiang(7.76 mm/10 a) > Eastern Xinjiang (3.37 mm/10 a).(2) The spatial distribution of tendency rate of annual precipitation is basically the same as the spring, summer and autumn in Xinjiang, the tendency rate decreases from northwest to southeast, but the tendency rate of winter precipitation decreases from north to south.(3) The precipitation of Xinjiang changed abruptly in 1989, Southern Xinjiang was relatively earlier (1986), Northern Xinjiang (1991) and Eastern Xinjiang (1990) were relatively delay.(4) The main cycle of precipitation was 26–30 a in Xinjiang and local areas, which predicts that the next 10 years will be a wet season.(5) The annual average temperature (0.44 °C / 10 a) in Xinjiang is very significant, and the temperature increase trend in local areas is: Eastern Xinjiang (0.58 °C / 10 a) > Northern Xinjiang (0.45 °C / 10 a) > Southern Xinjiang (0.31 °C / 10 a).(6) The spatial distribution of tendency rate of annual average temperature is basically the same as the four seasons in Xinjiang, and the tendency rate showed a decreasing trend from northeast to southwest.(7) The temperature change of Xinjiang occurred in 1988,Northern Xinjiang was 1988 （relatively earlier), Southern Xinjiang and Eastern Xinjiang were 1992 (relatively delay).(8) The main cycle of temperature in Xinjiang and local areas was 25–30 a. It was predicted that the next 10 years would be high temperature period.
Brief communication: Updated GAMDAM glacier inventory over high-mountain Asia
Authors: Sakai Akiko
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The original Glacier Area Mapping for Discharge from the Asian
Mountains (GAMDAM) glacier inventory was the first methodologically
consistent dataset for high-mountain Asia. Nonetheless, the GAMDAM inventory
underestimated glacier area, as it did not include steep ice- and
snow-covered slopes or shaded components. During revision of the inventory,
Landsat imagery free of shadow, cloud, and seasonal snow cover was selected
for the period 1990–2010, after which >90 % of the glacier
area was delineated. The updated GAMDAM inventory, comprised of 453 Landsat
images, includes 134 770 glaciers with a total area of 100 693±11 790 km2.
Europe’s offshore winds assessed from SAR, ASCAT and WRF
Authors: Hasager Charlotte B. , Hahmann Andrea N. , Ahsbahs Tobias , Karagali Ioanna , Sile Tija , Badger Merete , Mann Jakob
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Europe’s offshore wind resource mapping is part of the New European Wind Atlas (NEWA) international consortium effort. This study presents the results of analysis of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) ocean wind maps based on Envisat and Sentinel-1 with a brief description of the wind retrieval process and Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT) ocean wind maps. The wind statistics at 10m and 100m height using an extrapolation procedure involving simulated long-term stability over oceans is presented for both SAR and ASCAT. Furthermore, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) offshore wind atlas of NEWA is presented. This has 3 km grid resolution with data every 30 minutes during 30 years from 1989 to 2018, while ASCAT has 12.5 km and SAR has 2 km resolution. Offshore mean wind speed maps at 100 m height from ASCAT, SAR, WRF and ERA5 at a European scale are compared. A case study on offshore winds near Crete compares SAR and WRF for flow from north, west and all directions. The paper highlights the ability of the WRF model to simulate the overall European wind climatology and the near coastal winds constrained by the resolution of the coastal topography in the WRF model simulations.