bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Facts of Main Ethnic Groups’ Ceremonial-Game Traditions in Their Theatrical Aspect in the Chuvash Republic
Authors: Arestova Veronika Yurevna
Published: December 2020

The article presents facts about ceremonial-game traditions of main ethnic groups living in Chuvash Republic, such as Chuvash, Russian, Tatar, and Mordovian. The purpose of the research was the survey of ceremonies, customs and celebrations which are kept in the present time in Chuvashia. The research was focused solely on theatrical aspect of rites or ceremonies where a person uses dressing up, masks, makeup, and acts for Mummers' plays. Furthermore, the research aimed to identify the mutual cultural influence of the above mentioned ethnic groups on each other. The field study was conducted using the methods of interviewing, observation with video and audio recording. The data were gathered from all of Chuvash Republic districts. In conclusion, it was established that mummering traditions are being revived in some rural areas of Chuvashia; traditions of mummering have not been changed since the second half of the XIX century, but people created new characters, especially in the second half of the XX century; the content of ceremonial-game traditions is fully demonstrates the worldview, mentality and value system of the main ethnic groups presented in Chuvashia.
Islamic Family As A Concept And Institution And Its Historical Epistemology
Authors: VAROL Mehmet Bahaüddin
Published: December 2020

Family is one of the first and most basic institutions, although it’s different in style and function, that have survived from primitive formations to developed societies has. The history of the family actually starts with the history of the human. The family, which is a social institution, is also in the field of interest of other sciences that affect it.
Family as a word is used in Turkish in the same way as in Arabic. Defining the family as a concept is quite complex. The multifaceted structure of the family affects the way it is discussed and examined. From this perspective, it is seen that the norms and the principles about the family are actually directly related to one’s perception of person.
“Islamic Family” is determined by revelation and the principles put forward by the Prophet and the living examples of these principles in actual life. When we look at the basic Islamic references, marriage, which is the basis of the family, is accepted as the only legitimate relationship that allows men and women to create a space of privacy and sharing that we can establish and contribute to the continuation of the human race.The spread of human knowledge and traditions throughout the historical process and the study of this process are called “historical epistemology”. In this article, the interaction of the Islamic Family in social, political, cultural, religious, and economic fields and these effect on tradition are examined in the context of "Historical epistemology", which is an applied epistemology. The idea of family and the production of knowledge within this framework, the development of this knowledge and its presentation to humanity, and its change in the historical process have been discussed.
Multimodal Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Spine Surgeries: The Experience at a Spine Centre through Years
Authors: Rajappa Deepak , Khan Mohd Mazhar , Masapu Dheeraj , Manchala Ravi , Rudrappa Satish , Gopal Swaroop , Govindasamy Ramachandran , Horasuku Sunil Kumar
Published: December 2020

Study Design: Retrospective observational study.Purpose: To share our experience of multimodal intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) used in Sakra World Hospital, Bengaluru in various spine surgeries.Overview of Literature: The development of new onset postoperative neurological deficits can be completely avoided. In order to avoid these, IONM has become a standard of care in recent times for early detection and manipulation of the surgical procedure to prevent postoperative neurological deficits.Methods: This retrospective study was performed on 408 patients who had undergone spine surgeries with IONM during April 2014 to March 2020 at a single center. The operative report, anesthesia record, and IONM were reviewed. All the patients were reassessed for postoperative neurological deficits in the postoperative period and followed up based on the intraoperative findings and neurological deficits for 4 weeks. Signal changes in IONM were reviewed, and the obtained results were further categorized into true positive, true negative, false positive, or false negative. If changes were observed during the IONM, the patients were managed as per the algorithm.Results: Of the 408 patients being monitored continuously during the intraoperative period, 38 showed changes in recordings, 28 developed postoperative neurological deficits, and one developed neurological deficit without any change in the IONM. Nine patients had transient neurological deficits, and the other 20 had permanent neurological deficits. Overall, the multimodal IONM used in our study had a sensitivity of 96.6%, specificity of 97.4%, a positive predictive value of 73.7%, and a negative predictive value of 99.7%.Conclusions: Use of decision algorithm and multimodal neuromonitoring consisting of motor evoked potentials, somatosensory evoked potentials, and electromyography complement each other in the detection of neurological injury during the course the surgery, improve intraoperative care, and prevent further damage and morbidity in patients.
Color Assessment of Facing Brick by UV-VIS-NIR Spectroscopy
Authors:   “Gzhel brick plant” JSC (140156, Moscow region, Ramenskiy district, settlement Gzhel), Shchikaltsova D.I. , Platov Yu.T. ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (117997, Moscow, Stremyanny lane, 36), Rassulov V.A. ,   All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Mineral Resources named after N.M. Fedorovsky (119017, Moscow, Staromonetny lane, 31), Platova R.A. ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (117997, Moscow, Stremyanny lane, 36), Romanova E.Yu. ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (117997, Moscow, Stremyanny lane, 36)
Published: December 2020

Diffuse reflection UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy was used to study changes in the color of facing bricks from the content of the additive of manganese tetraoxide (Mn3O4) into the ceramic mass. This investigation was shown that with an increase of the additive content, both the intensity of the absorption bands of colored bricks corresponding to hematite decreases, and the absorption intensity increases with a shift in the maximum of the wide absorption band from the visible to the near-infrared range of the spectrum. By changing the values of the color coordinates in the CIE L*a*b* and Mansell systems: lightness and color, and the values of the indicator-relative color ability, it is fixed that the color of a brick depends on the ratio of two pigments: yellowish-red of hematite and black, probably jacobsite in its composition.
About the Development of Brick-Design in Russia
Authors:   Don state technical University (1, Gagarina Square, Rostov-on-Don, 344000, Russian Federation), Bozhko Y.A. , Lapunova K.A. ,   Don state technical University (1, Gagarina Square, Rostov-on-Don, 344000, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2020

The article reflects the authors view on the technical and aesthetic side of the use of face bricks in the architecture of our country. The term brick design combines such indicators of brickwork as the color, size and surface of the brick itself, as well as the type of masonry and seam parameters. Unfortunately, the analysis of the current situation shows that the culture of consumption of face bricks in Russia remains at a low level, which is due to the lack of proper knowledge and insufficient number of qualified master masons. The main goal of brick design development is to popularize various types of three-dimensional masonry and reveal the potential of using bricks as a basic unit. The comparison shows the architecture of European cities, which does not differ in the complexity of architectural forms, but has advantages in the form of unusual masonry, color combinations, vertical direction of masonry and other elements of technical aesthetics. The use of bricks in various levels of brick design will allow you to avoid using architectural decoration on the facades of buildings, while preserving its authenticity and individuality. The brick, as a basic unit, is self-sufficient and is able to fulfill not only its functional role, but also its aesthetic one. In this situation, a necessary and decisive action will be competent communication with industry specialists, architects and designers, leading manufacturers and technologists who realize that we have a unique material that does not need additional wrapping when used efficiently.
Modifiers for Rigid Polyvinylchloride Compositions of Building Purpose
Authors:   Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering (1, Zelenaya Street, Kazan, 420043, Russian Federation), Abdrakhmanova L.A. , Khuziakhmetova K.R. ,   Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering (1, Zelenaya Street, Kazan, 420043, Russian Federation), Nizamov R.K. ,   Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering (1, Zelenaya Street, Kazan, 420043, Russian Federation), Khozin V.G. ,   Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering (1, Zelenaya Street, Kazan, 420043, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2020

A comparison of small doses (up to 0.7 mass part) of impact strength modifiers of foreign and domestic production in polyvinylchloride-based compositions is given. Domestic acrylicnitrile- butadiene styrene modifiers (ABS) were used. The developed shock-resistant polyvinylchloride compositions in the presence of ABS elastifier have high melt fluidity, which has a beneficial effect on the recyclability. Changes in supramolecular structure were estimated from thermomechanical testing and electron microscopy data for both unfilled and filled PVC samples. Thermomechanical analysis showed that the presence of ABS modifier had a favorable effect on the technological properties of PVC-based samples. Electron-microscopic images indicate that in unfilled PVC samples, the heterogeneous PVC structure is expressed in the presence of ABS copolymer in comparison with foreign acrylic modifiers. When the compositions are filled with micro-heterogeneous structure in dispersion medium, the filler-polymer is formed by chalk particles, while ABS elasticifier is at the phase interface. Due to the peculiarities of the structure ABS has a higher degree of “fixation” on the surface of the chalk particles in comparison with the basic compositions containing acrylic modifiers, which with increasing chalk concentration leads to lower wear and tear on the top of the forming equipment.
Russian Market of Ceramic Bricks. Development Trends and Prospects
Authors:   LLC “GS-Expert” http://www.gs-expert.ru/, Semenov A.A.
Published: December 2020

The article provides information about the state and main trends in the development of the Russian market of ceramic bricks. Data on the structure of construction of residential buildings based on the wall materials used are presented, and the regional structure of demand for ceramic bricks is estimated. The forecast of market development in 2021-2022 is presented. It is noted that from the end of 2018, the pace of housing construction in Russia increased significantly due to the transition from mid-2019 to financing through escrow accounts and the rejection of EPA (Equity Participation Agreement). The positive dynamics continued in 2019-2020, which was additionally associated with a reduction in the Central Bank’s key rate, the introduction of a preferential mortgage program in 2020, and the implementation of programs to support the construction complex in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, the production of ceramic bricks increased by more than 3% in 2019 and by about 2% in the first 9 months of 2020. At the same time, it was found that due to unfavorable market conjuncture, the number of ceramic plants operating in Russia has significantly decreased (from 557 in 2014 to 310 in 2019).
Press- Formed Composites with Alternate Wetting and Drying Resistance Based on Modified Gypsum Binder
Authors:   Don State Technical University (162, Sotsialisticheskaya St., Rostov-on-Don, 344022, Russian Federation), Kaklyugin A.V. , Kastornykh L.I. ,   Don State Technical University (162, Sotsialisticheskaya St., Rostov-on-Don, 344022, Russian Federation), Stupen N.S., ,   Brest State A.S. Pushkin University (21, Kosmonavtov bul., Brest, 224016, Belarus), Kovalenko V.V. ,   Brest State A.S. Pushkin University (21, Kosmonavtov bul., Brest, 224016, Belarus)
Published: December 2020

Water resistance of natural and artificial building materials is usually estimated by the softening coefficient. However, in the course of operation, materials, for example, for building enclosing structures, are rarely subjected to complete dewatering or water saturation. Therefore, one of the most important criteria for the durability of such products is their resistance to atmospheric influences (alternate wetting and drying resistance). In the present work, the possibility of increasing the alternate wetting and drying resistance of press-formed composites based on a modified gypsum binder is studied. We have developed a complex modifier of the gypsum binder and the structure of the resulting pressed composites, consisting of carbonate-containing slime of chemical water purification of thermoelectric power station and monoammonium phosphate. We studied the effect of the modifier on changes in the compressive strength of pressed composites in the dried and water-saturated state, softening and atmospheric durability coefficients, as well as linear deformations of control samples after a set number of cycles of alternating wetting and drying. We found that press-formed composites based on a modified gypsum binder are highly resistant to alternating wetting and drying. The complex modifier provides the formation of a more solid and monolithic structure of fine-crystalline calcium sulfate dihydrate, additionally reinforced with a hardly soluble phosphate-carbonate framework. The proposed method of modifying the gypsum binder prevents loosening of the structure of the press-formed stone-like material made from it under alternating stresses, reduces linear deformations and, as a result, slows down its fatigue failure. The technical characteristics of the obtained materials are sufficient for their use, in particular, in building enclosing structures.
Temperature Effects on Polymer Structures of Canopies for Inversion Roofs of Multi-Storey Residential Buildings
Authors:   “Engineer-Story” NPP LLC (office 103, 15a, Krasnykh Zor’ Street, Ivanovo, 153003, Russian Federation), Malbiev S.A. , Fedosov S.V. ,   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2020

The influence of temperature effects on the technical condition of cross-rod spatial structures of canopies for inversion roofs of multi-storey residential buildings made of polymer materials is considered on the example of tubular elements made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). For modern multi-storey residential buildings, the current regulatory and technical documentation provides for operational (inversion) roofs, which can accommodate children’s sports grounds, cafes, bars, restaurants, parking lots, tanning salons, as well as gardens and architectural and landscape objects, helicopter platforms, etc. To protect visitors against atmospheric influences, canopies made of spatial core building structures (SCBS), which are operated in the open air, taking into account various climatic influences: high and low temperatures, corresponding humidity, precipitation, etc., are recommended. The elements of the core system are of the greatest interest for taking into account the temperature impact on the technical condition of the developed structure. The general solution of the problem of non-stationary heat transfer of a structure for calculating a two-dimensional temperature field is considered in a nonlinear formulation. The problem of thermal conductivity is considered under the assumption that there is a technical possibility for supplying a coolant inside the cylinder. As a result, there is a heat flow, with which it is possible to adjust the temperature between the outer and inner areas of the cylindrical elements for more efficient installation of the stress-strain state of the entire supporting structure as a whole.
Les effets narratifs de l’art pictural auprès du proche aidant en psycho-oncologie
Authors: Colas M. , Santarpia A. , Cannone P. , Bonnet C.
Published: December 2020

Objectif : Cette étude qualitative vise à décrire les effets narratifs d’un protocole d’accompagnement psychooncologique s’appuyant sur les productions picturales d’une proche aidante (Mme Rose, 70 ans) accompagnant son mari atteint d’un cancer incurable.

Matériel et méthode : Il s’agit d’un protocole autour de la figuration picturale de la proche aidante composé de quatre étapes (temps) : l’entretien préliminaire (T1), une première rencontre autour de la création picturale (T2), une seconde rencontre d’approfondissement autour de la création picturale (T3), l’entretien final (T4). Nous avons utilisé le logiciel T-LAB 9.1.3 pour le calcul des associations de mots (cooccurrences) et réalisé une interprétation du récit selon l’approche humaniste/existentielle.

Résultats : Ce dispositif de recherche a permis de montrer les effets narratifs avant et après le travail artistique sur les problématiques psychiques inhérentes au vécu du proche aidant et notamment sur l’angoisse de mort. La dimension romantique du récit semble pouvoir supporter la narration tragique de Mme Rose.

Conclusion : Le « travail psychique avec la production picturale » peut permettre au proche aidant de mettre en figure l’amour et la mort à travers une narration personnelle empruntant à l’univers narratif du romantisme ses enjeux existentiels.
Infiltration of Mast Cells in Scalp Biopsies of Patients with Alopecia Areata or Androgenic Alopecia Versus Healthy Individuals: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Nasiri Soheila , Salehi Alireza , Rakhshan Azadeh
Published: December 2020

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) and androgenic alopecia (AGA) are the most common types of alopecias. Recently, the role of mast cells in inflammatory diseases has become the focus of many studies. However, few studies have been conducted on their role in AA and AGA. Therefore, our study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the presence of mast cells in the AA and AGA specimens.Materials and Methods: Three groups of AA, AGA, and healthy control were studied (each group with 20 subjects). Patients were randomly selected from those referred to the dermatology clinics of Shahid Beheshti University. Specimens were obtained from the scalp, and perifollicular and perivascular areas were investigated. Results: Significantly higher perifollicular and perivascular mast cell counts were seen in both AGA and AA groups compared to healthy control (P<0.001 for both). Moreover, AA patients had more frequent perivascular mast cells than the AGA group (P=0.042). Among patients aged <40 years, perifollicular and perivascular mast cell counts were not significantly different among the three groups; however, subjects over 40 years of age in both groups had significantly more perifollicular and perivascular mast cells than healthy participants. There was a significant positive correlation between disease severity and mast cell counts in both perifollicular and perivascular areas in AA patients (P=0.001 for both). Conclusion: There was a significantly increased infiltration of mast cells in AA and AGA patients, and this increase was age and severity dependent. Moreover, the increase in mast cell proliferation is more dominant in AA patients. [GMJ.2020;9:e1962]
VIRTUAL ACOUSTIC RECONSTRUCTION OF THE GREAT HALL OF THE TYUMEN PHILHARMONIC ARCHITECTURE BASED ON ACTIVE FIELD CONTROL
Authors: Isakov Yu. I.
Published: December 2020

The paper focuses on changes in the acoustic parameters of multi-purpose audience space for symphonic music without bot architectural and complete reconstruction. Old analog and modern systems with digital signal processing are analyzed using active field control (AFC). The AFC3 system from Yamaha, Moscow, Russia, installed in the Great Hall of the Tyumen Philharmonic is considered. The diagrams of early reflections are obtained by computer acoustical simulation of the Great Hall. The control measurement results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed solutions. The intrinsic reverberation time is 1.1 s. The AFC3 system provides the increase in the reverberation time up to 2.65 s. For the first time in Russia, the electronic shell is constructed for the fly-loft stage in the Tyumen Philharmonic, that allows improving the acoustical conditions for musicians.
EFFECTIVE SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEM FOR NORTHERN TERRITORIES
Authors: Krivoshein Yu. O. , Tsvetkov N. A. , Tolstykh A. V. , Khutornoy A. N. , Kolesnikova A. V. , Petrova A. V.
Published: December 2020

Purpose. The aim of this work is to develop an effective solar hot water system, which eliminates the heat loss of the accumulated thermal energy in the storage tank due to the natural convection of the coolant in the hydraulic circuit of collectors.

Design technique. A fullscale experimental study concerns the negative effect of natural convection at night in the experimental industrial hybrid solar hot water system in the developed hard and software with remote access.

Results. The pilot industrial hybrid solar system with the improved hydraulic circuit and a soft and hardware system for dispatching and managing energy consumption with remote access was developed, built and tested for Northern territories.

Practical implications. The hydraulic circuit of collectors equipped with a controller for switching off the coolant provides the northern conditions to increase the thermal energy in storage tanks and the solar fraction of hot water systems, reduce the fuel consumption in additional system sources and the emission of harmful substances produced by the fuel combustion.

Originality/value. It is shown that the use of a solenoid valve to eliminate the natural convection increases the thermal energy storage in tanks by at least 50 % and the solar fraction of systems by at least 20 %.
OPTIMIZATION OF DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN GAS SUPPLY SYSTEM SECTIONS
Authors: Medvedeva O. N. , Bessonova N. S.
Published: December 2020

The paper proposes the optimum distribution of the differential pressure between gas supply system sections and gas consumption, depending on the settlement planning and development. This provides a 10–15 % reduction in metal and material consumption of gas supply systems and a 4–5 % cost reduction. The hydraulic analysis of differential pressure distribution does not allow to purposefully distribute the calculated pressure drop. The pipeline diameter is usually selected according to the estimated gas flow rate and specific pressure loss per unit length of gas supply system sections. Then, in accordance with the State standard, the condition of compliance and non-exceedance of the obtained differential pressure is checked with the standard value. If this condition is not met, the pipeline diameter is adjusted for design reasons.

This work conducts additional research into the differential pressure distribution between gas supply system sections. Materials and methods include the assessment methodology for the effectiveness of differential pressure distribution between gas supply system sections.

Although many publications are devoted to the optimization of gas pressure distribution systems, the proposed solutions and the recommendations developed in this paper are fragmentary, often contradictory, since they do not consider the completeness and diversity of strategic factors.

The paper shows that the pressure loss values obtained for domestic gas-based units with a reduced nominal pressure, are much less than those given in regulatory documents. According to the analysis, the settlement development, population density in gas-supplied territories, and technical conditions of gas-supplied buildings, have a decisive influence on the unit costs of gas supply systems.
FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF DYNAMIC TRAIN-BRIDGE INTERACTION
Authors: Efimov S. V. , Zhunev K. O.
Published: December 2020

Innovative heavy wagons with a 25–27 tf axle load and the freight train movement organization having a higher weight and length are being put into operation in Russia. New operating conditions of railway bridges require an assessment of bearing capacity, durability, accumulation rate of fatigue damage and reliability. The important parameters are the dynamic properties of railway bridges (frequencies and modes of natural vibrations, decay rate, dynamic stiffness).

The aim of this work is to determine the dynamic interaction of trains having different structure, weight and length with a railway bridge using numerical modeling in the midas Civil bridge software. The proposed model is verified by the dynamic parameters of spans (natural vibration frequencies), which are determined during the bridge inspection using a Tensor-MS system.

The modal analysis is given to the finite element model. The lowest natural modes of the bridge are determined. Based on numerical simulation of the interaction between the train and the bridge unfavorable speed of trains is calculated leading to an increase in the oscillation amplitude of the bridge span as well as in the bridge dynamic coefficient with regard to the design features of the train structure and composition.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF LINEAR MAIN PIPELINE ON WATER-LOGGED GROUNDS
Authors: Khizhnyakov V. I. , Negodin A. V. , Shelkov V. A. , Toz A. N.
Published: December 2020

The paper shows that the linear segments of the main pipelines laid on water-logged grounds are characterized by the floating parts 150–300 m long, with arch blowouts with a deflection of 1.0–1.5 m. This occurs due to the vertical axial loads and the temperature difference. The buckling stability of the floating part is calculated for the pipeline laid in a bog. It is shown that the loss of the buckling stability in the form of the floating parts and arch blowout can be explained by the fact that the project on the water-logged ground construction has no the analysis of the buckling stability under axial loads with regard to the topography of the trench bottom that describes the stress-strain state of the pipeline. At a design stage, it is necessary to conduct more detailed surveys on the pipeline laying with regard to the trench profile in calculating the pipeline buckling stability on water-logged grounds.
DETERMINATION OF HEAT TRANSFER RESISTANCE IN NON-STATIONARY THERMAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Belous A. N. , Kotov G. A. , Sapronov D. A. , Novikov B. A.
Published: December 2020

One of the main normalized heat engineering indicators of enclosing structures is the resistance to heat transfer. On the territory of the CIS countries there are a huge number of real estate objects designed and built in accordance with outdated standards for the consumption of heat energy for heating and ventilation, requirements for the heat-protective shell of buildings, which leads to energy overspending. All real estate objects put into operation before the tightening of the above-mentioned standards require determining the actual thermal characteristics of the enclosing structures and bringing them into compliance with the current legislation. The article analyzes existing methods for determining the heat transfer resistance of enclosing structures in full-scale conditions, and identifies the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Based on the fundamental research of construction Thermophysics, a mathematical model for determining the resistance to heat transfer in full-scale conditions is proposed, taking into account the shortcomings of existing methods.
Impact of exogenous growth regulators on growth and photosynthetic activity in dwarf mandarin plants (Citrus unshiu Marc.)
Authors: Belous O. G. , Platonova N. B.
Published: December 2020

The impact of synthetic regulators on the growth and development of mandarin plants was investigated. It was shown that the exposure of plants to growth regulators had no effect on leaf chlorophyll content. Non-root application of nanoelicitor and siliplant synthetic regulators elevated the carotenoid content to 2.69-3.11 mg/g (control, water: 2.57 mg/g) and stimulated protective response. The total chlorophyll- carotenoid ratio in plants treated with nanoelicitor (4.29 mg/g) and siliplant (4.12 mg/g) was less than in the control, reflecting the degree of plant adaptation to adverse conditions in the growing season. Exposure to growth regulators improved photosynthetic activity and overall functionality. Chlorophyll fluorescence assays were used to evaluate photosynthetic activity coefficient as falling within a range of 0.54-0.57, which exceeded the control by 1.2-fold. Nanoelicitor was shown to induce active shooting and reduce fruit shedding. Compared to the control, growth regulators increased the retained fruit value by 1.5-1.9-fold and improved plantation productivity. Phytoregulators have shown promise in both improving the functional condition and reducing preharvest shedding in dwarf mandarin plants.
Mycological profiling of raspberry cultivars in storage
Authors: Zhidekhina T. V. , Lavrinova V. A. , Polunina T. S.
Published: December 2020

Economic losses incurred during raspberry storage are primarily a result of fungal spoilage. This study aimed to characterise the micromycete phytopathogenic complex in stored raspberries. The fungal microbiome was assessed in six Russian raspberry cultivars (Cleopatra, Novost’ Kuzmina, Sulamiph, Fregat, Shakhrazada, Yarkaya) as well as three foreign varieties (Glen Lyon, Cascade Delight, Limonnaya). The economic and biological traits of the cultivars were studied within the “Programme and Protocol for Fruit, Berry and Nut Crops Varietal Testing”. Internal and surfacelevel contamination in infected fruit tissues was detected via the stimulation of microbial growth in a wet chamber. The micromycete species composition was assessed via commonly used methods. The following raspberry spoilage organisms were identified as being predominant. Rots: black (Alternaria alternata (Fr) Keissler), dry (Fusarium Link.), leather (Phytophthora cactorum (Leb. et Cohn) Schroet), grey (Botrytis cinerea Pers.); moulds: black (Cladosporium Link.), green-blue (Penicillium Link.), green-yellow (Aspergillus P. Micheliex Haller), grey capitate (Rhizopus nigricans Ehrenb.), capitate (Mucor spp.); drupe rot (Phragmidium rubi Wint.); bacterioses. Microbiotic profiles varied between cultivars in storage. The fungal genera Fusarium and Alternaria prevailed, with the former dominating in almost all samples. The phytopathogenic complex primarily consisted of the fungal genera Fusarium, Alternaria and Penicillium. Raspberry cultivars which had a weak (Sulamiph, Shakhrazada, Novost’ Kuzmina) or strong (Cleopatra) resistance to micromycetes in storage were identified.
Chemical and technological assessment of All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding red currant cultivars for jellification
Authors: Salina E. S. , Levgerova N. S. , Sidorova I. A. , Golyaeva O. D.
Published: December 2020

The jellification capacity of 16 cultivars and 79 selected nurselings of redcurrant from the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding collection was studied in order to identify the parental forms that can effectively produce well jellifying hybrids. Material processing and jellification assessment were carried out in compliance with the “Programme and Protocol for Fruit, Berry and Nut Crops Varietal Testing” (Orel, 1999) and GOST R 55462-2013. The assignment of cultivars into well-, medium- and poorly-jellifying categories revealed a declining average gustatory score from the well-jellifying towards the medium- and poorly-jellifying groups, (4.4, 4.3, 4.2 points, respectively), which indicates the significance of the jellification value in gustatory score. The well-jellifying cultivars were: Valentinovka, Podarok Leta and selected nurselings 78-2-100, 80-4-11, 164-22-88, 164-22-97 (4.6 points); Orlovskaya Zvezda, Dar Orla, Orlovchanka and nurselings 618-32-16, 79-1-89, 168-18-73, 84-1-105, 77-1-56, 164-22-41 (4.5 points). The jelly from the fruits of these varieties was characterized by a visually attractive dense jelly without separation (syneresis), as a result of which they can be recommended for obtaining natural pectin-containing products with or without the minimal use of additional gelling agents. Most of the trial cultivars were obtained by breeding of the Rote Shpetleze and Tchulkovskaya cultivars as paternal forms. Among the 46 siblings of the Rote Shpetleze cultivar, 28, 8, and 10 demonstrated good, medium and poor jellification capacities, respectively. Among the 25 siblings of the Tchulkovskaya cultivar, only three demonstrated good jellification, with three having medium jellification and the rest demonstrating poor jellifying capability. The majority of well-jellifying strains were obtained with Rote Shpetleze, which therefore can be recommended as parental material for creating varieties having a high fruit jellification capacity.
Current trends in apple tree breeding (Malus Mill.)
Authors: Kalinina O. V. , Burmenko Yu. V. , Svistunova N. Yu.
Published: December 2020

Apples are among the most significant fruit crops in Russian horticulture. The wide variety, as well as the prominent economic potential of the crop, both enable its cultivation across many climate zones and bring orchard farming in general to the attention of investors in the agro-industrial sector. Breeders have met the rising challenges inherent in creating varieties that are superior in terms of productivity, abiotic- and biotic stress resistance, fruit quality and competitive fast-return capacity. In the present article, current research in apple breeding including methods for intensive selection is reviewed with a focus on breeding programmes for creating adaptive varieties having a high commercial and consumer value. Classical breeding can be complemented with modern techniques for an earlier selection of commercially valuable genotypes, identification of primary genotypes, as well as the creation of new donors and cultivars. The research achievements of leading national institutions in the development of apple varieties reflect additions to the Catalog of State-Permitted Cultivars of Agricultural Crops over the last decade. Most of the 422 permitted adapted apple cultivars are highly marketable due to having best-before-consumption dates in the winter. Despite current success in national orchard farming, further endeavours in crop breeding remain relevant today. Comprehensive research engaging genetics, physiology, phytopathology, virology, agrochemistry and nursery is essential for improving modern breeding programmes with the aim of supplying producers with high-quality planting material for a cost-effective, low pesticide, environmentallystable product.
Sporcularda Olumlu Düşünme Beceri Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ŞAHİNLER Yunus , BİÇER Turgay , ACET Abdullah , ACET Mehmet
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırmada; spor bilimler fakültesinde ve spor liselerinde okuyan sporcuların olumlu düşünme beceri düzeylerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Araştırma tarama modelinde bir çalışmadır. Farklı değişkenler arasında karşılaştırmalarda incelendiği için karşılaştırmalı ilişkisel tarama modeli özelliklerini de bulundurmaktadır. Örneklem grubunu 2019-2020 döneminde Isparta, Kütahya, Antalya ve Afyon da farklı üniversite spor bilimler fakültesinde ve spor liselerinde okuyan ve en az 5 yıl spor yapan 110’u kadın, 316’i erkek olmak üzere toplam 426 öğrenci gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcılara ölçek hakkında detaylı bilgiler verilmiştir. Veriler elektronik ortamda hazırlanıp katılımcılara e posta ile olarak gönderilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak, Olumlu Düşünme Becerileri Ölçeği 8 maddelik tek boyutlu bir ölçek kullanılmıştır. Ölçek 4’lü derecelendirmeye sahiptir. Ölçeğin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları Akın, Uysal ve Akın (2015) tarafından yapılmıştır. Verilerin normal dağılımı çarpıklık ve basıklık testiyle belirlenmiş, verilerin normal dağılım göstermeleri nedeniyle parametrik testler uygulanmıştır. Sporcuların olumlu düşünme beceri düzeylerini belirlemek için tanımlayıcı istatistiklerden faydalanılmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi .05 olarak belirlenmiştir.

Yapılan analiz sonucu elde edilen bulgulara göre; sporcuların olumlu düşünme beceri düzeyleri ile cinsiyet arasında yapılan karşılaştırmada anlamlı farklılık olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Sporcuların olumlu düşünme beceri düzeyleri ile yaş arasında yapılan karşılaştırmada anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu görülmüştür. Sporcuların aktif spor yapma durumları ile olumlu düşünme becerileri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Sporcuların yaşadığı bölge durumu ile olumlu düşünme beceri düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmıştır. Sporcuların eğitim durumları ile olumlu düşünme becerileri arasında anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir.

Sonuç olarak sporcuların olumlu düşünme beceri düzeyleri ile eğitim durumu, yaş, yaşadığı bölge arasında anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilirken cinsiyet ve aktif spor yapma durumlarında herhangi bir farklılık bulunamamıştır.
The migrations of the Sea Peoples circa 1200 BC according to written sources, narrative tradition and archaeology
Authors: Safronov A. V.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the Sea Peoples’ migrations at the beginning of 12thcentury BC. It is based on ancient Egyptian written sources, archaeological data and Greek narrative tradition. The author tries to reconstruct the general stages of Late Bronze Age ethnical movements in the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean at the end of the 13th– beginning the 12thcenturies BC. The author shows that the Sea peoples’ movement was not homogeneous. Moreover, not all the Sea Peoples can be considered as migrants. The tribes of Shekelesh and Weshesh were the typical sea raiders who plundered the rich centres of the Eastern Mediterranean. The possible reason for the Peleset, Theker and Turša migration seems to be the war which devastated their homeland in north-eastern Anatolia between 1208/1203 и 1195 BC. The appearance of the Denyen in Sea Peoples’ movement must be connected with the destructions of Mycenaean centres in Southern Greece circa 1200 BC. Their inhabitants left their homeland and migrated to the different regions of the Aegean, Anatolia, Eastern and Western Mediterranean. The Sea Peoples’ migrations were only the first stage of global ethnic movements in Eurasia at the end of the Bronze Age which totally changed the ethnopolitical map of Southern Europe, Anatolia and Eastern Mediterranean.
Tax-farming agreement at the reign of the Abbasid caliph al-Muctadid (892 CE): an extract from the Kitāb al-Wuzarā’ by Hilal al-Sabi
Authors: Asadov F. M.
Published: December 2020

The publication is a commented translation from Arabic into Russian of an extract from the book by Hilal al-Sabi (Abū'l-Ḥusayn Hilāl b. Muḥassin b. Ibrahīm al- Ṣābi 969–1056 AD) “Kitāb al-Wuzarā’ ” (The Book of Wazirs. The extract comprises an account about the circumstances and conditions of a lease agreement between the wazir of the Caliph al- Mu‘tadid billah (r. 892–902 AD) and a certain Muhammad at-Tai concerning the fertile lands of Central and Southern Iraq. The translation is introduced by a preface, which outlines the political and economic situation in the caliphate in the year of the accession of the caliph al-Mu‘tadid to the throne and explains the reasons for the emergence of the tax-farming deals during the rule of the Abbasid caliphs. The extract also provides the description of the circumstances of the agreement as well as provides the actual text of the document. Altogether they describe the relations between the government officials and the tax-farming dealers in the Abbasid caliphate at the end of the 9th century AD. They offer a vivid picture of creating corruption schemes to enrich government bureaucracy and tax dealers. They also provide many interesting details, which illustrate the life of the caliph court and the army.
Should “The Book of Changes” be studied “apart from the “Spirits”? Towards the necessity of new interpretations of the Lun Yu
Authors: Kononchuk D. V.
Published: December 2020

In the article, the author justifies the necessity to work out the principles of the approach, which would underline the principles of the commented translation of the Lun Yu (The Analects) from Chinese into Russian. The prospective authors of this translations must take into consideration both the existent translations as well as the existing comments This approach would enable to select the relevant parts from the Lun Yu, which are difficult for understanding due to The Analects which are difficult to understand due to the use of polysemantic expressions and vocabulary. The article comprises a brief textual review of the earlier versions of Lun Yu and offers a new commented translation of the two well-known fragments of the text. They are fragment 6.22 (on self-sufficiency, guided by a sense of duty) and fragment 7.17 (“on adding years”). The author suggests a new understanding of the well-known expressions, such as yan zhi 遠之 (6.22) as “Keeping distance [from ghosts and spirits]”, and xue yi 學易 (7.17) as “Study the [book of] Changes”. Likely, in the first case, it suggests “not to depend depending on the ghosts and spirits because everyone should rely primarily on himself. In the second case, it implies the act of teaching as such. The author’s results are based upon the commentaries, viz. Lun yu ji jie yi shu and Lun yu ji zhu. The yan zhi 遠之 was interpreted as “do not disturb”. And the second one is based on the found in 1973 the earliest known commentary for Lun Yu, where “Changes” yi 易 is only a homophonic auxiliary expression with the attached word yi 亦. These examples show that even the well-known and thoroughly researched text can receive new interpretation by putting it into a new boarder textual context
The authorship of the poem ‘Ushshaq-nama from the prospect of academic orientalist studies and modern computer technologies
Authors: Drozdov V. A.
Published: December 2020

The poem ‘Ushshaq-nama by Fakhr ad-Din ‘Iraqi (610–688 / 1213–1289) is the first poetical writing on the subject of mystical love in Persian literature. ‘Iraqi’s authorship of this work has never been questioned by researchers. However, the English orientalist J. Baldick 1973 cast a doubt on ‘Iraqi’s authorship of this poem. The article examines in detail the arguments of J. Baldick both from the point of view of the context of the creation of the poem, as well as the methods of the latest computational methods, in particular stylometry. Boldik's arguments concern both the historical and religious context in which ‘Iraqi lived and the peculiarities of his works, primarily the poem‘Ushshaq-name. The paper demonstrates that this computational method may be used for the study of the features of the style of Persian poetry and the confirmation of the authorship of doubtful Persian writings. Further expert decision full-field by Artjoms Šeļa based on stylometric methods for the establishment of the poem ‘Ushshaq- nama is expounded. While the results of the analysis of the historical and religious contexts of the poem may serve as confirmation of the authorship of ‘Iraqi and the refutation of the Baldick hypothesis, the results of the stylometric analysis do not give an unambiguous answer to the question of its authorship.
Discourse of the father with his son about the water of life in the masnavi “Ilahi-Nameh” by (Farid ad-Din)
Authors: Lahuti L. G.
Published: December 2020

This is the line-by-line commented translation into Russian of the chapter (maqaleh) 14 from the masnavi “Ilāhī-nāme” by Abū Ḥamīd bin Abū Bakr Ibrāhīm (Farīd ad- Dīn, ʿAṭṭār), the Persian Sufi poet (1145–1220 AD). The chapters in the Ilahi-name are in fact answers given by the King to his six sons. Chapter 14 deals with the water of life, which, according to the legend, Alexander the Great once unsuccessfully tried to find. The answer to the King’s son includes 24 stories about historical and legendary characters, such as Iskandar (Alexander the Great), Namrud (the Biblical Nimrod), the righteous caliph ‘Umar, Majnun (in love with Layli), Sultan Mahmud and his beloved slave Ayaz, as well as nameless ones, including a collector of the poll tax from the Jews, a beautiful youth and an old man in love with him, a fox caught in a trap, a rogue salesman and a thief at the foot of the gallows. These stories are used to discuss and illustrate the key issues of Sufism. Among them: the desires of the nafs (“lower self” or “animal soul”), material and spiritual immortality, independence of divine actions from material causes, love, which requires the renunciation of one’s “self”, and knowledge as the true water of life. The stories are not related to each other, however, the set of Sufi ideas illustrated forms a conceptual unity.
“Mir Taqi Mir”. A fragment from the History of Urdu Poetry “Water of Life” of Muhammad Husayn Azad
Authors: Vasilyeva L. A.
Published: December 2020

The article is a translation into Russian of the chapter from the “Water of Life” by Muhammad Husain Azad (1830–1910). This is the chapter about the greatest Urdu poet Mir Taki Mir (1713/1723(?)–1810 AD). The critical work by Azad, the “Water of Life” is considered as the first history of Urdu poetry written in Urdu. Azad was the first to see in this phenomenon a continuous process. The periods in the development of literature are interlinked. Azad identifies five major periods of Urdu poetry and briefly describes each of them. His work comprises biographical facts, characteristics, vivid word-portraits of outstanding Urdu poets and colourful historical anecdotes associated with them. The “Water of Life” had a very significant impact on contemporaries of Azad, as well as on the further development of literary-critical thought in Urdu. It set the standard for literary criticism for many decades. “Water of Life” had a significant impact on contemporaries, as well as on the further development of literary-critical thought in Urdu. It set the standard for literary criticism for many decades to come. Regardless that some historical dates and literary facts, as well as some important generalizations of the author, seem today at least controversial, still many Urdu literati and critics even nowadays fully rely upon the evaluation and criticism of famous poets as given by Azad.
Utjecaj reakcije tla na kationski odnos u lišću vinove loze (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Jurkić Vesna , Petek Marko , Slunjski Sanja , Biško Ante , Čoga Lepomir
Published: December 2020

Reakcija tla jedan je od najznačajnijih čimbenika koji utječu na topljivost i pristupačnost hraniva biljci. Provedeno istraživanje imalo je za cilj utvrditi u kojoj mjeri reakcija tla utječe na K/(Ca+Mg) u lišću vinove loze (Vitis vinifera L.), sorta Sauvignon bijeli (podloga SO4) na području Plešivičkog vinogorja (sjeverozapadna Hrvatska). Istraživanja su provedena u razdoblju 2009.-2011. godine na području Plešivičkog vinogorja na tlima jako kisele do kisele reakcije (lokacija Rečki gaj: pHKCl 3,54-5,01) i na tlu alkalne reakcije (lokacija Borička: pHKCl 7,01-7,41). Uzorci lišća za praćenje dinamike kalija, kalcija i magnezija te njihovog međusobnog odnosa uzimani su tri puta tijekom vegetacije (fenofaza cvatnja, šara i berba) u sve tri godine istraživanja. U sve tri godine istraživanja značajan utjecaj na K/(Ca+Mg) odnos u lišću vinove loze imala je reakcija tla te fenofaza rasta i razvoja. Širi odnos K/(Ca+Mg) u lišću vinove loze, u svim godinama istraživanja utvrđen je na tlu kisele reakcije (0,29, 0,58, 0,59) u odnosu na alkalno tlo (0,20, 0,40, 0,38). Najširi kationski odnos utvrđen je u fenofazi cvatnje (0,31-1,02), a najuži u fenofazi berbe (0,15- 0,34) u svim godinama istraživanja neovisno o reakciji tla.