bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sample coverage affects diversity measures of bird communities along a natural recovery gradient of abandoned agriculture in tropical lowland forests
Authors: Kortmann Mareike , Chao Anne , Schaefer H. Martin , Blüthgen Nico , Gelis Rudy , Tremlett Constance J. , Busse Annika , Püls Marcel , Seibold Sebastian , Kriegel Peter , Rabl Dominik , de la Hoz Maria , Şekercioğlu Çağan H. , Schleuning Matthias , Feldhaar Heike , Newell Felicity L. , Kümmet Sonja , Mitesser Oliver , Peters Marcel K. , Müller Jörg
Published: January 2025

Tropical old‐growth forests continue to decline worldwide, resulting in a huge loss of biodiversity. The extent to which the expansion of second‐growth forests can counteract biodiversity loss is context‐dependent and controversial.

To test the recovery of bird communities along a gradient from active pastures and cacao plantations, through regenerating forest on land last used for agriculture between 1 and 38 years ago, to old‐growth forest, we sampled simultaneous audio recordings from 66 plots, from which an expert identified all bird species detected at fixed time points throughout the day. The study area is characterized by typical small‐scale agriculture with remnant trees in the Ecuadorian Chocó Forest. To quantify different aspects of biodiversity, we used incidence‐based Hill numbers focusing on infrequent, frequent and highly frequent species in taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity, considering sample coverage (an objective measure of sample completeness).

Bird community composition changed with the regrowth gradient represented on the first axis of the ordination. Differences in bird communities were also very robust to changes in sample coverage.

The sample coverage decreased significantly along the recovery gradient and affected the different measures of alpha diversity. Although the results controlled by sample coverage showed no change in taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity, the functional diversity of infrequent, frequent and highly frequent species decreased along the recovery gradient.

Cacao plantations exhibited particularly high diversity values, highlighting the potential of these patches to support woodland and shrubland species in agriculture. Furthermore, several forest species regularly used the agricultural areas, attracted by remnant trees characteristic of the small‐scale agricultural landscape in our study region.

Synthesis and applications. Our results highlight the importance of standardizing biodiversity measures and incorporating beta diversity in biodiversity monitoring. We demonstrate that taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional bird diversity can be high in secondary forests within smallholder agricultural landscapes. This underscores the potential for natural forest recovery, particularly when recovery patches are embedded within a forest matrix that includes old‐growth stands.
The Most Disproportionate UK Election: How the Labour Party Doubled its Seat Share with a 1.6‐Point Increase in Vote Share in 2024
Authors: Miori Marta , Green Jane
Published: January 2025

The Labour Party doubled its seats in the 2024 UK general election, winning a landslide majority with only a 1.6 point increase in its UK vote share and an historically low vote share for a winning party at just under 34 per cent. This article provides new evidence for three constituency‐level explanations for this outcome in the context of anti‐incumbent voting. First, the local race increased tactical voting between Labour and the Liberal Democrats where races were perceived to be competitive. Second, Reform UK lowered the threshold needed for Labour to take more constituencies—particularly from the Conservatives—with greater constituency fragmentation on the political right. Third, Labour outperformed its national success in Scotland, gaining larger swings with a double ‘anti‐incumbent’ vote. These patterns are critical to understanding the 2024 general election and are informative for the stability of Labour's electoral coalition. Labour's 2024 majority rests on factors largely unrelated to its own electoral popularity and which are unlikely to remain stable between now and the next general election.
Emotional Reflexivity and Lifelong Leisure Time Physical Activity: Managing ‘Successful Womanhood’ for Busy Middle‐Class Women
Authors: Hybholt Maria , Spotswood Fiona
Published: January 2025

This article examines leisure time physical activity (LTPA) for middle‐class women as relational, intricately linked with societal understandings of personal responsibility to work, to family and to health and entangled with the emotion management of ‘successful’ middle‐class womanhood. We focus on middle‐class Danish women who engage in routinised participation in LTPA. We illuminate through our qualitative study how emotional reflexivity involves dispersed practices that are entangled with this lifelong physical activity and how these entangled, mutually evolving practices enable women to dutifully enact ‘successful’ womanhood, in line with contemporary ideals. First, emotional reflexivity during LTPA represents a habituated way to handle the routine pressures of everyday working and caring, enacted through practices of switching off and working through. Second, women are better able to manage their emotions during challenging everyday situations because of their routinised LTPA that both still emotions and enables engagement with them. Particularly, exercising in nature strengthens the women's capacity for emotion management. Emotional reflexivity practices become part of the LTPA practice template. Lifelong LTPA enables busy middle‐class women to succeed at, and sustain, overwhelming and unrealistic caring and working practice performances that meet neoliberal ideals.
Factors Influencing Pregnant Women's Participation in Randomised Clinical Trials in India: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Shankar Mridula , Charantimath Umesh , Dandappanavar Ashwini , Hazfiarini Alya , Pujar Yeshita V. , Somannavar Manjunath S. , Rushwan Sara , Vogel Joshua P. , Gülmezoglu A. Metin , Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Bohren Meghan A.
Published: January 2025

Objective

To explore factors affecting participation of pregnant women in randomised clinical trials in Belagavi, Karnataka, India.

Design

A qualitative study using semi‐structured in‐depth interviews and focus group discussions as data collection methods.

Setting

Primary, secondary and tertiary health facilities and their community catchment areas in Belagavi district.

Sample

Thirty‐three in‐depth interviews with health workers and previous participants of a pregnancy‐focused trial, and 12 focus group discussions with currently pregnant women who had not previously participated in a clinical trial, family and community members, and accredited social health activists.

Methods

Inductive thematic analysis with a team‐based approach to interpretation in the study context.

Results

Pregnant women were often unable to distinguish between maternal health programmes and trial interventions. Among previous trial participants, expectations of higher quality care were a key motivation for trial participation. Household gendered power relations and trust in the health workforce influenced decisional dynamics regarding participation. Health workers vouched for trial safety, once they assessed the intervention as acceptable. Trial Implementation by the health workforce required understanding and navigating pregnancy‐related beliefs and practices in communities.

Conclusion

Anticipated health benefits, improved healthcare access, and trust in health workers are facilitators of trial participation. Engaging primary decision‐makers is essential due to household gender dynamics. Trials must integrate strategies that clarify the distinct goals of research versus clinical care.
Extracting Housing and Food Insecurity Information From Clinical Notes Using cTAKES
Authors: Kim Min Hee , Miramontes Silvia , Mehta Shivani , Schwartz Gabriel L. , Kim Ye Ji , Yang Yulin , Hill‐Jarrett Tanisha G. , Cevallos Nicolas , Chen Ruijia , Glymour M. Maria , Ferguson Erin L. , Zimmerman Scott C. , Choi Minhyuk , Sims Kendra D.
Published: January 2025

Objective

To assess the utility and challenges of using natural language processing (NLP) in electronic health records (EHRs) to ascertain health‐related social needs (HRSNs) among older adults.

Study Setting and Design

We extracted HRSN information using the NLP system Clinical Text Analysis and Knowledge Extraction System (cTAKES), combined with Concept Unique Identifiers and Systematized Nomenclature for Medicine codes. We validated cTAKES performance, via manual chart review, on two HRSNs: food insecurity, which was included in the healthcare system's HRSN screening tool, and housing insecurity, which was not.

Data Sources and Analytic Sample

De‐identified EHRs in a large California healthcare system (January 2013 through October 2022) from 119,127 patients aged 55+ in primary and emergency care settings (n = 1,385,259 clinical notes).

Principal Findings

Although cTAKES had a moderate positive predictive value (77.5%) for housing insecurity, housing challenges among older adults frequently did not align with the concepts the algorithm recognized. cTAKES performed poorly for food insecurity (positive predictive value: 18.5%) because this NLP system incorrectly flagged structured fields from the screening tool.

Conclusion

Unstandardized terminology and poor integration of HRSN screeners in EHR remain important barriers to identifying older adults' food and housing insecurity using cTAKES.
Correlates of length of stay in a short‐term inpatient residential addiction treatment facility
Authors: Bourdon Jessica L. , Verdecanna Sabrina , Wright Jordan , Vadhan Nehal P. , Wright Monica F. , Morgenstern Jon
Published: January 2025

Background

There is a gap in the extant literature regarding length of stay (LOS) in short‐term inpatient addiction treatment facilities. Furthermore, there is a lack in focus on treatment factors which may be better indicators for positive patient outcomes than demographic profiles. The current study sought to examine modifiable correlates of LOS within a short‐term inpatient residential facility to extend LOS and improve patient outcomes.

Methods

N = 792 participants who completed a baseline assessment and either completed treatment or left against clinical advice were included in the sample. Outcomes of interest were self‐efficacy (domains included negative affect, pro‐social or positive use, physical discomfort, withdrawal, or urges), well‐being (domains included symptom distress, interpersonal relations, and social role), and social network size.

Results

Baseline dysfunctional social role, larger social network size, and higher alcohol use disorder (AUD) severity all led to increases in LOS. No aspects of self‐efficacy, symptom distress, interpersonal relatedness, substance use disorder (SUD) severity, nor other demographic variables were associated with LOS.

Conclusions

This study highlights the importance of taking steps to improve self‐perceived social role and social network size. Given that the purpose of this study was to determine modifiable correlates of LOS, we suggest that clinicians at inpatient, short‐term addiction treatment centers adopt thorough measures of well‐being and social network to support patient treatment and recovery.
Government tax collection incentives and corporate taxation behaviour: Evidence from China
Authors: Si Yingxue , Xiao Tusehng , Yuan Chun , Zhang Yanyu
Published: January 2025

Using a proprietary dataset of provincial‐level quarterly tax collections from the Ministry of Finance of China, this study examines governments' management of tax collections in the final quarter of the year and how tax collections progress throughout the year affects corporate tax payments in the final quarter. Our results show that firms in provinces that fall behind with tax collections tend to pay more taxes in the final quarter, suggesting local governments may impose higher taxes on firms to meet their annual targets. Local tax authorities often rely on politically connected firms and exploit tax vagueness as a means of collecting additional taxes. The relationship between government tax collection incentives and corporate tax payments is particularly notable for firms with higher profitability. Furthermore, firms that help the local government to meet its yearly tax targets do not pay significantly lower taxes in the following year. Overall, our study provides evidence that government tax collection incentives significantly influence corporate tax payments in China, driven by fiscal needs and political motivations.
Supporting social justice through equity‐based actions for a sustainable future in animal genetics (at the 39th International Society for Animal Genetics Conference)
Authors: Paez Sadye , Mapholi Ntanganedzeni Olivia , Nesengani Lucky Tendani , Lamont Susan J. , Aggrey Samuel E. , Hanotte Olivier , Bottema Cynthia D. K. , Gill Clare A.
Published: January 2025

The 39th International Society for Animal Genetics conference (ISAG) was held for the first time in Africa under the theme ‘Animal genetics for a sustainable future’ in 2023. The conference convened scientists, policy makers, industry professionals, and students from interdisciplinary fields to share and discuss the latest developments in the space of animal genetics. Since its inception as a society, ISAG has sought to provide a platform advocating for a just and equitable future in animal genetics. At the 39th ISAG conference, this commitment towards furthering inclusion in animal genetic science was progressed with two new offerings to attendees. The first session guided discussions on the political, ethical, legal, socioeconomic, and cultural dynamics that present barriers to participating in and benefitting from the genomic and genetic science fraternity. This session also included principles of social justice, specifically equity, diversity, and inclusion, towards enacting fairness in an unfair world, and focused on constraints related to sustainability in animal genetics. The second session used the important tradition of storytelling to transfer knowledge and wisdom from experienced scientists to upcoming researchers. Experienced scientists shared lived experiences on educational and career paths, challenges, and opportunities, providing networking and opportunities for further mentoring. Here, we report on these equity‐based actions and their relevance to address the urgent continent‐specific and global disparities in animal genetics to move towards a sustainable future.
Insights into the genetics of body size in the Bull Terrier
Authors: Wade Claire M.
Published: January 2025

The Bull Terrier (Miniature) and Bull Terrier are two varieties of a dog breed historically divided by size. We identify variety‐associated chromosomal regions identified using stratified genome‐wide association analysis of 69 Bull Terriers (Miniature) and 33 Bull Terriers. Next, we assess the significance of possible functional variants for body size using height (N = 1458) and weight (N = 1282) of Dog10K individuals with breed‐representative metrics available. Variants significant for size across breeds that are consistent with size alleles observed in four Bull Terriers and four Bull Terriers (Miniature) represented in Dog10K are highlighted. From five identified regions, two include genes already known to influence canine body size and a third contains a potential new height gene (ARFGEF3). Near LCORL, the most highly associated variant for height in Bull Terriers was chr3:91734656A>G (pAcross‐breed height = 2.459 × 10−99) and for weight it was chr3:91706639G>A (pAcross‐breed weight = 9.762 × 10−85). All Bull Terriers (including Miniature) were monomorphic for the derived allele at the known size variant in LCORL (chr3:91872822A>del). In the first exon of IGF2BP2, the derived allele at chr34:18694869‐71ins>del significantly reduces both height and weight in Bull Terriers and across breeds (Dog10K breed representative height and weight) (pAcross‐breed height = 1.65 × 10−9; pAcross‐breed weight = 1.79 × 10−8). The derived allele of the missense variant in ARFGEF3 chr1:30793904G>A, XP_038382065.1 p.V243I significantly reduces breed representative height but not weight (pAcross‐breed height = 0.01). The effects on the variants assessed are limited to small variants identified in the Dog10K resource using breed‐representative sizes.
Risk of Variceal Bleeding in Patients Receiving Atezolizumab–Bevacizumab Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Park Kanghee , Lee Hye Won , Kim Euichang , Choi Won‐Mook , Lee Danbi , Shim Ju Hyun , Kim Kang Mo , Lim Young‐Suk , Lee Han Chu , Yoo Changhoon , Ryoo Baek‐Yeol , Han Seungbong , Choi Jonggi
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

Real‐world data on the variceal bleeding (VB) risk in patients receiving atezolizumab–bevacizumab (Atezo–Bev) treatment remain limited. This study aimed to assess the risk of VB and identify risk factors in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving Atezo–Bev treatment.

Methods

This retrospective study included 640 patients with HCC who underwent endoscopy before Atezo–Bev treatment at two hospitals in Korea. The primary outcome was the occurrence of VB, with non‐VB events considered as competing events.

Results

Of the 640 patients, the mean age was 61.3 years, and 528 (82.5%) patients were male. The main aetiology of HCC was chronic hepatitis B virus (69.5%), and 563 (88.0%) had BCLC stage C. Portal vein invasion (PVI) was present in 313 (48.9%). During a median follow‐up of 5.6 months, 45 (7.0%) patients developed VB. The cumulative incidence of VB was 6.3% at 6 months and 7.4% at 12 months. No patient died from VB. Multivariable analysis revealed that the main PVI (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR]: 3.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63–7.44), low platelet count (SHR: 0.994, 95% CI: 0.99–1.00), a history of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (SHR: 3.70, 95% CI: 1.49–9.16) and varices needing treatment (VNT; SHR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.26–5.64) increased the risk of VB.

Conclusion

A low platelet count, main PVI, history of GI bleeding and VNT were significant risk factors for VB in patients receiving Atezo–Bev treatment for HCC. Identifying these factors can guide clinicians in assessing and managing VB risk in clinical settings.
Tumour size is associated with growth rates of >0.5 cm/year and delayed intervention in small renal masses in patients on active surveillance
Authors: Pallauf Maximilian , Rezaee Michael , Elias Roy , Wlajnitz Tina , Fletcher Sean A. , Cheaib Joseph , Alkhatib Khalid , Chang Peter , Wagner Andrew A. , McKiernan James M. , Allaf Mohamad E. , Pierorazio Phillip M. , Singla Nirmish
Published: January 2025

Objective

To evaluate the association between tumour size and the growth rate (GR) of small renal masses (SRMs) in patients managed by active surveillance (AS).

Materials and Methods

We queried the prospective, multi‐institutional Delayed Intervention and Surveillance for Small Renal Masses (DISSRM) registry for patients on AS with an imaging interval of ≥6 months, identifying 456 patients. We tracked tumour size over time; a GR >0.5 cm/year was defined as a GR event. We used multivariable recurrent events and time‐to‐event Cox regression modelling to evaluate the association between tumour size and GR events (primary outcome) and tumour size and delayed intervention (DI; secondary outcome). We tested tumour size as a continuous variable and dichotomised tumour size by predefined (2‐cm) and calculated (2.9‐cm) cutoffs. We calculated the cutoff using maximally selected rank statistics and time to progression, defined according to the DISSRM registry.

Results

The median (interquartile range) follow‐up of patients on AS was 40.1 (26.4–71.2) months, during which 128 patients (28%) had ≥1 GR event, and 80 (18%) underwent DI. Larger tumour size was an independent predictor for GR events and DI when tested as a continuous and a dichotomous variable in multivariable analyses (all P < 0.05). The association was strongest when accounting for the change in tumour size over time and when applying the 2.9‐cm cutoff. The study is limited by the mixed tumour pathology inert to SRMs.

Conclusion

Larger tumour size was independently associated with GR events and DI for patients with SRMs on AS. A 2.9‐cm cutoff may provide valuable information for patient counselling.
Weaving Smartphones Into Mother–Infant Interaction: Digital Disruptions or Participatory Possibilities?
Authors: Amery Philippa , Danby Susan , Brereton Margot
Published: January 2025

Intense public scrutiny of mothering practices continues to perpetuate unhelpful narratives of maternal smartphone use as ‘risky’ and ‘harmful’, positioning mothers to experience guilt and judgement around their smartphone use. Yet despite this, the ubiquity of digital device ownership means mothers are increasingly using smartphones around their infants (birth–12 months). This article presents a single case analysis of a video‐recorded interactional episode between a mother at home with her 3‐month old infant and her smartphone. Fine‐grained analysis shows how mother and infant co‐construct and manage active participation in ‘doing phone use’ while attending to and responding to one another. Attentional and maternal responsivity during smartphone use predominantly has been studied using larger scale, quantitative research designs using social experiments, surveys, self‐reports and interviews. These methods preclude capacity for detailed contextual understandings of what is occurring when mothers use smartphones around their infants in their everyday lives. This study uses visual ethnographic methods of video‐recorded observations of mother‐infant interactions at home during their everyday routines and activities. Using the methodologies of Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis (EMCA), we illustrate how a mother and her 3‐month old infant accomplish moments of mutual attention in the presence of a smartphone. We also illustrate how attention and responsivity is interactionally organised and how the mother displays responsivity even when digital devices are present. Using a qualitative methodological approach offers a reframing that considers the participatory possibilities of maternal smartphone use around infants.
Enhanced Deep Stacked CapsNet Ensemble Gazelle Neural Network for multi‐level fabric defect classification
Authors: Pooja Hattarki , Soma Shridevi
Published: January 2025

Fabric detection in the materials industry plays a vital role in the global economy, making effective quality control measures essential to ensure product value and reduce manufacturing waste. With the rise of Industry 4.0, manufacturing companies have been striving to develop automated fabric defect detection systems to overcome the limitations of traditional manual inspection. However, because of challenges in creating highly effective fabric defect detection methods with strong noise resistance, conventional systems often struggle to capture intricate fabric details and accurately distinguish between defect types. To address these challenges, this research introduces an innovative approach called the Enhanced Deep Stacked capsNet Ensemble Gazelle Neural Network (EDSEGNN) for multi‐level local and global defect classification. By incorporating the Window‐aware Guided Image Filtering technique, image quality and resolution are enhanced, enabling the detection of fine fabric details. Additionally, the Wavelet Packet Transform aids in segmenting fabric defects by identifying small patterns through varying frequency waves. In the final stage, the EDSEGNN model performs local defect identification and multi‐level global defect classification, distinguishing between normal and defective patterns while categorising defect types like discoloration, stains, foreign objects, cuts, holes, thread issues and metal contamination. The proposed method achieves impressive results, with a peak accuracy of 99.8%, along with high recall (99.5%) and F1‐score (99%), compared with existing methods. The proposed approach offers a highly accurate and robust solution to the challenges faced by traditional fabric defect detection systems, representing a valuable advance in automated quality control for the materials industry.
The S‐Phase Arrest of Host Cells Caused by an Alpha‐Herpesvirus Genome Replication Facilitates Viral Recruitment of RNA Polymerase II to Transcribe Viral Genes
Authors: Yang Qiqi , Wu Ying , Wang Mingshu , Chen Shun , Jia Renyong , Yang Qiao , Zhu Dekang , Liu Mafeng , Zhao Xinxin , Zhang Shaqiu , Huang Juan , Ou Xumin , Sun Di , Tian Bin , He Yu , Wu Zhen , Cheng Anchun
Published: January 2025

Herpesviruses rely on host RNA polymerae II (RNA Pol II) for their mRNA transcription, yet the mechanisms of which has been poorly defined, while certain herpesviruses can enhance viral gene transcription by altering the RNA Pol II location, modulating its phosphorylation, or directly interacting with RNA Pol II. However, the influence of herpesviruses on RNA Pol II transcription extends beyond these direct effects. Here, we present a novel mechanism by which the host cell cycle regulates viral gene transcription via RNA Pol II during infection by Anatid Herpesvirus 1 (AnHV‐1), an avian alpha‐herpesvirus. The results demonstrated that the formation of viral replication compartments (vRCs) and the subsequent recruitment of RNA pol II are positively correlated with AnHV‐1 DNA synthesis. As viral DNA replication progresses, host cells are arrested in the S phase, which not only halts host gene transcription but also facilitates viral transcription. This cell cycle arrest in the S phase promotes viral DNA (vDNA) synthesis and vRC formation, which further enhances the preferential recruitment of RNA Pol II to viral promoters, enabling efficient viral gene transcription. We propose that this S phase arrest and the hijacking of RNA Pol II represent a novel mechanism by which AnHV‐1 enhances viral transcription, offering a unique survival strategy compared to the known strategy in herpesviruses. These findings expand our understanding of herpesvirus–host interactions and highlight potential targets for antiviral strategies.
An invasive pathogen generally contracts species to their niche cores, not margins
Authors: Scheele Ben C. , Heard Geoffrey W. , Duncan Richard P. , Clulow Simon , Sopniewski Jarrod
Published: January 2025

Quantifying how species' distributions contract in response to threats can reveal pathways of decline and the role of environmental conditions in moderating threat impacts. Two general patterns of niche contraction have been described: ecological marginalization, where species contract away from threat impacts to peripheral, sub‐optimal areas of their niche, and; contraction to the core, where species contract toward their niche center where their fitness and capacity to withstand threat impacts is highest. Recent work has described widespread ecological marginalization in declining mammal species, for which land use change and overexploitation are key threats. Different threatening processes could result in contrasting patterns of niche contraction, although this has not been well‐studied. Here, we examine patterns of realized niche contraction in Australian frog species impacted by the emergence of chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a pathogen that has driven catastrophic amphibian declines globally. We quantified changes in species' environmental niche space following chytrid emergence and documented a pattern of contraction toward the niche core in declining species. We develop and apply a novel approach to show that these niche contractions are driven by losses in a subset of niche space, suggesting population extinctions due to chytrid are driven by factors shaping both pathogen fitness (threat impact) and host fitness (threat tolerance). Species declines have been concentrated in high elevation areas with cooler temperatures, which are more physiologically suitable for the pathogen and constrain the resilience of frog hosts at both individual and population levels. Given the contrast between our results and widespread ecological marginalization in mammals, we propose that while a given threat may result in common patterns of decline among affected species, patterns of decline may vary considerably between threatening processes and among taxa.
Family Connections: The Impact of an Education Program for Carers of Individuals With Borderline Personality Disorder in Italian Mental Health Services
Authors: Lanfredi Mariangela , Meloni Serena , Ferrari Clarissa , Fruzzetti Alan E. , Geviti Andrea , Macis Ambra , Vanni Giovanna , Perna Giampaolo , Diaferia Giuseppina , Pinti Maddalena , Occhialini Giorgia , Ridolfi Maria Elena , Rossi Roberta
Published: January 2025

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has a strong impact not only on patients' lives but also on their families. The presence of an invalidating environment is one of the key factors in the etiology of BPD. This study evaluated the impact of the Family connections (FC) program on burden, grief, and other clinical variables in 202 caregivers and identified the profiles of participants who improved/deteriorated their levels of burden and grief. Findings from generalized linear mixed models showed significant reductions in burden, grief, depression, global psychological distress, and suppressed and expressed anger after FC intervention. Two classification trees were applied to test whether improvements in burden and grief were associated with age, gender and the improvements in other clinical variables. Caregivers reporting reduced depression were more likely to improve in both burden and grief. Moreover, younger participants showing increased depression had a 72.7% probability of being part of the improvement in burden and a 66.7% probability of being part of the improvement in grief. A decrease in depression and having a younger age were associated with positive gains for caregiving burden and grief. Longitudinally, ANOVAs showed positive changes in burden and grief as well as decreased depression, global psychological distress and suppressed anger were maintained at 4‐month follow‐up. Present findings improve our understanding of the utility of the FC program for caregivers of people with BPD. The impact of depressive symptoms' reduction and being younger on perceived burden and grief highlight the importance of exploring additional possible moderators of outcomes in FC intervention.

Trial Registration: NCT06076343; NCT06074289. Registered 10/10/2023
Transcriptomic signatures and network‐based methods uncover new senescent cell anti‐apoptotic pathways and senolytics
Authors: Olascoaga Samael , Konigsberg Mina , Espinal‐Enríquez Jesús , Tovar Hugo , Matadamas‐Martínez Félix , Pérez‐Villanueva Jaime , López‐Diazguerrero Norma Edith
Published: January 2025

Cellular senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest caused by various stressors that damage cells. Over time, senescent cells accumulate and contribute to the progression of multiple age‐related degenerative diseases. It is believed that these cells accumulate partly due to their ability to evade programmed cell death through the development and activation of survival and antiapoptotic resistance mechanisms; however, many aspects of how these survival mechanisms develop and activate are still unknown. By analyzing transcriptomic signature profiles generated by the LINCS L1000 project and using network‐based methods, we identified various genes that could represent new senescence‐related survival mechanisms. Additionally, employing the same methodology, we identified over 600 molecules with potential senolytic activity. Experimental validation of our computational findings confirmed the senolytic activity of Fluorouracil, whose activity would be mediated by a multitarget mechanism, revealing that its targets AURKA, EGFR, IRS1, SMAD4, and KRAS are new senescent cell antiapoptotic pathways (SCAPs). The development of these pathways could depend on the stimulus that induces cellular senescence. The SCAP development and activation mechanisms proposed in this work offer new insights into how senescent cells survive. Identifying new antiapoptotic resistance targets and drugs with potential senolytic activity paves the way for developing new pharmacological therapies to eliminate senescent cells selectively.
Translanguaging and culturally sustaining pedagogies: A mutually dependent relationship?
Authors: Beiler Ingrid Rodrick , Villacañas de Castro Luis S.
Published: January 2025

Translanguaging has increasingly been embraced in equity‐oriented research on foreign language teaching, yet with variable engagement with complex models of culture. In this article, we investigate the nexus of translanguaging and culturally sustaining pedagogies (CSP) as one response to this shortcoming. Extending previous research theoretically and contextually, our comparative case‐to‐case synthesis examines this nexus in English foreign language (EFL) teaching through ethnographic and participatory methods with students belonging to historically oppressed peoples in Europe, including Indigenous Sámi (Norway) and Roma (Spain) students, respectively. In the Norwegian case, student translanguaging demonstrated possibilities to shift English teaching toward CSP in a setting where such pedagogical practices were largely absent. In the Spanish case, the creativity favored by pedagogical translanguaging became essential for the students to expand their cultural perspectives and grow through English in an extracurricular implementation of CSP. Together, these cases demonstrate the mutual dependence of CSP and translanguaging.
Dimensions of communicative language teaching in online synchronous and face‐to‐face contexts: A comparison of student perceptions
Authors: Frimu Rodica , Issa Bernard Ibrahim
Published: January 2025

This study compares learner perceptions in a synchronous online versus face‐to‐face (F2F) learning context about four principles of communicative language teaching (CLT): promoting collaborative learning, using comprehensible input, considering affective factors, and providing corrective feedback. Data were obtained via online surveys from students in F2F language classes (n = 330) and synchronous online language classes (n = 315). The results generally show high levels of agreement between the two groups with statements pertaining to the implementation of all four principles, suggesting that overall, participants perceived the two learning contexts to be similar to one another. However, results reveal that for particular dimensions of these principles, students in the two contexts disagreed (small to medium effect sizes), indicating depressed levels of agreement for learners in the online context. We discuss how these areas of disagreement serve as an opportunity for enhancement of the implementation of specific components of CLT in online synchronous settings.
An Integrative Spatial Framework and Co‐Design Toolkit to Measure and Visualize Multidimensional Poverty in the United States
Authors: Praharaj Sarbeswar
Published: January 2025

Nearly 38 million people in the United States live in poverty. The Census Bureau's official poverty measure significantly undercounts poverty as it solely focuses on a minimum food diet and fails to account for the geographic variations in living costs. This article offers a geographically adaptive framework for combining multidimensional poverty indicators and modeling the locally adjusted costs of food, housing and utilities, healthcare, childcare, transportation, taxes, and other necessities to assess poverty and geographic inequality across neighborhoods and population sub‐groups. We employ a co‐design approach for developing the poverty assessment framework and evaluating the results with end users to ensure that communities can build trust and a sense of ownership that enhances the usability and actionability of poverty data. The datasets, quantitative frameworks, and algorithms were woven into an interactive geospatial dashboard toolkit for seamlessly integrating, cleaning, standardizing, and visually communicating the poverty metrics with a broad range of users. Results from this paper advance spatial data analyses and reproducible spatial model‐building methods that enable researchers to gain higher resolution, context‐specific, and geographically dynamic knowledge of poverty and inequalities.
Zircon U–Pb Dating of the Urahoro Group and Atsunai Formation in the Shiranuka Hills of Eastern Hokkaido, Northeast Japan: Implications for Tectonic Development
Authors: Takeshita Toru , Ito Hisatoshi , Kaji Hiromi
Published: January 2025

Zircon U–Pb dates for detrital grains in the Shakubetsu Formation of the uppermost Eocene Urahoro Group and the Upper Miocene Atsunai Formation distributed in the eastern part of Hokkaido have been determined for the first time. Both weighted mean 48.8 ± 1.4 Ma (n = 80) for < 70 Ma zircons and youngest grain 36.5 + 1.8, −2.5 Ma (Middle to Late Eocene) ages of the Urahoro Group are consistent with the sedimentary ages and Paleogene magmatic arc origin of the detritus clarified in the previous studies. Although the Zircon U–Pb ages (n = 24) of the Atsunai Formation range between 5 and ~1700 Ma, a weighted mean age of 7.05 ± 0.57 Ma (n = 10) for < 10 Ma zircons (youngest cluster) could constrain the maximum sedimentary age, which is consistent with the previous ages from diatom biostratigraphy and K‐Ar method. However, while the K‐Ar age was obtained from an Ol‐Cpx‐Opx basalt in tuff breccia, the dated zircons were probably derived from felsic tuff including many pumice grains. Therefore, the bimodal volcanism could have occurred at c. 7 Ma in the present forearc region, indicating that the volcanic front at this age migrated south significantly, correlated to the one which also occurred coevally in the seaward side of the present volcanic front in the NE Japan arc. Further, it has been found that the eastern boundary of the Shiranuka Hills is characterized by an ESE verging, large‐scale monocline based on the present field study and previous geological maps. Since the Atsunai Formation was involved in the formation of the large‐scale monocline, the structure started to form after the sedimentation at c. 7 Ma. The fact implies that the ongoing collision of the Kuril forearc sliver with the NE Japan arc has propagated to this area since the latest Late Miocene.
Effect of Cue‐Based Feeding on the Feeding Outcomes of Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Liu Huijuan , Yang Yuanyuan , Mao Chunna
Published: January 2025

Objective

To systematically evaluate the effect of cue‐based feeding (CBF) on feeding outcomes in preterm infants.

Methods

Databases including CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Library were searched from the database's inception to November 2023. The literature screening and quality assessment were conducted by two researchers independently, and a meta‐analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4 software.

Results

A total of six randomised controlled trials and eight quasi‐experimental studies involving 2239 preterm infants were included. The results indicated that CBF was effective in shortening the time to achieve full oral feeding (Z = 22.32, p < 0.01) and reducing the incidence of feeding intolerance (Z = 2.18, p < 0.05). Compared with scheduled feeding (SF), CBF was found to enhance parental participation and satisfaction. Health professionals such as paediatricians, nurses and feeding specialists, highly agreed on the positive effects of CBF.

Conclusion

Cue‐based feeding has the potential to shorten the time to achieve full oral feeding, reduce the incidence of feeding intolerance and promote parental involvement in feeding behaviour for preterm infants.

Implications for Practice

Cue‐based feeding is recommended for preterm infants, as it could enhance oral feeding competence, facilitate feeding progression and reduce the incidence of feeding complications.

No Patient or Public Contribution

Our paper is a systematic review and meta‐analysis, and such details do not apply to our work.

Trial Registration: The detailed study protocol can be found on the PROSPERO website
My Child, Whose Emissions?
Authors: Olsaretti Serena , Trifan Isa
Published: January 2025

The Moral Equivalence Thesis claims that procreation in affluent countries and eco‐gluttony are morally on a par, and that both are impermissible. We argue that this ambiguates between two different theses, the Strict and the Lax. On the Strict Reading of the thesis, procreation and eco‐gluttony are both wrong for the same reasons, that is, because both involve individuals overstepping their carbon budget. We argue that this is false at least with regard to a certain number of children and a range of the costs of children. By contrast, a Lax Reading of the thesis is, we think, defensible. On this reading, procreation and eco‐gluttony may both be wrong, but for different reasons and under different conditions. While eco‐gluttony is wrong across a range of ideal and non‐ideal conditions because it is a failure to live within one's fair carbon budget, having a child is only wrong, if it is wrong, under non‐ideal conditions where prospective parents have weighty reasons, or an obligation, to pick up the moral slack of others.
Australian Registered Nurse's' Awareness of Key Issues, Ambivalence and Education Related to the Health of People With Intellectual Disability and/or Autism
Authors: Cashin A. , Pracilio A. , Buckley T. , Griffin K. , Trollor J. , Wilson N. J.
Published: January 2025

Background

Health outcomes of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder and/or Intellectual Disability are poor. Yet there is a paucity of nurse education and preparation to care for people with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability.

Method

A cross sectional survey of Australian Registered Nurses related to their educational experience, awareness of the national disability support scheme and the concept of making reasonable adjustments.

Results

The majority of Australian Registered Nurses did not experience undergraduate content related to caring for people with Autism Spectrum Disorder and/or Intellectual Disability. Few participants experienced a dedicated clinical placement. Just over one half of the participants were aware of reasonable adjustments. Continuing professional education was significantly related to a greater awareness of reasonable adjustments and less ambivalence.

Conclusion

Education plays a key role in promoting awareness and reducing ambivalence. Education focussed on understanding the diversity in the particular types of neurodiversity is particularly efficacious.
The Impact of Menopause on the Mental Health of Women With an Intellectual Disability: A Scoping Review
Authors: Corrigan Stephanie , McCarron Mary , McCallion Philip , Burke Éilish
Published: January 2025

Background

Negative mental health implications of menopause found in the general population, combined with high rates of mental health conditions found in women with intellectual disabilities, provide rationale to examine the existing literature to determine the impact of menopause on women with intellectual disabilities.

Methods

The review was conducted using scoping review methodology by Arksey and O'Malley. A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases. Relevant articles were screened according to inclusion/exclusion criteria. Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis was utilised to identify themes.

Results

After screening, eight articles satisfied the inclusion/exclusion criteria, and after thematic analysis, themes found were: changes in mood, lack of reporting of psychological symptoms and difficulty attributing psychological symptoms to menopause.

Conclusions

Findings indicate the paucity of literature and the lack of attention paid to examining the impact of menopause on the experiences and mental health of women with intellectual disabilities.
Telemedicine in Coeliac Disease: In‐Person Appointments Are Favoured by Patients With a Lower Education Attainment and Lower Household Income
Authors: Jeanes Yvonne , Orlandi Lidia , Muhammad Humayun , Reeves Sue
Published: January 2025

Introduction

A gluten‐free (GF) diet, the only treatment for people living with coeliac disease (CD), is challenging, and international guidelines highlight the valuable role of healthcare professionals in enabling self‐management. The study aimed to explore the acceptability of telephone and online video consultations for adults with CD.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study consisting of an online and paper survey was promoted to adults with CD.

Results

Data from 496 adults with CD (87% female, 96% White) are presented, and 44% were adhering to the GF diet. Over half (58%) were very confident in understanding food labels from supermarkets, whereas only 38% were very confident when shopping online. The largest proportion of patients preferred in‐person healthcare appointments for CD (44%), with 20% reporting no preference and 21% preferring telephone appointments. Only 15% preferred online video consultations; of these, 97% were confident with online technology. A higher proportion of patients from a lower household income requested ‘in‐person’ appointments compared with those with a higher income (65% vs. 45% (p < 0.01)). Likewise, 58% of patients without a degree qualification requested ‘in‐person’ appointments compared with 45% of degree‐educated patients (p = 0.027).

Conclusions

We highlight a significant proportion of adults with CD prefer an in‐person appointment. The paper survey enabled the views of a broader range of digitally confident patients to contribute to the study. With a global shift towards telemedicine and online resources, access and digital literacy is an important consideration for equitable healthcare to optimize patient self‐management of the GF diet.
METTL5 Promotes Tumor Progression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Activating the Myc Pathway
Authors: Huang Rong , Feng Xingyu , Zhou Tao , Lu Jiajing , Wang Ying , Zhang Shuangyue , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2025

Background

It has been observed that methyltransferases‐like 5 (METTL5) is a key mediator underlying tumorigenesis in humans. This study aimed to investigate the biological function, expression pattern, and clinical significance of METTL5 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods

Bioinformatics interrogations and immunohistochemical staining were utilized for determining the expression and localization of METTL5 in OSCC, and revealing the relationship between the expression of METTL5 and prognosis. Cell phenotype experiments and xenograft models were used to detect the impact of METTL5 silencing on OSCC. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, Spearman correlation, and c‐Myc overexpression plasmid was utilized for exploring the regulatory effects of METTL5 on the Myc pathway.

Results

METTL5 was overexpressed in OSCC and correlated with reduced survival. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were significantly inhibited by METTL5 knockdown in vitro, and tumor growth was impaired in vivo. Moreover, METTL5 was capable of activating the Myc pathway. The influences of knockdown of METTL5 on Cal27 cell biological behaviors were reversed by overexpression of c‐Myc.

Conclusions

Our data suggested that METTL5 may act as a putative oncogene and prognostic biomarker in OSCC. The Myc pathway appears to be involved in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in OSCC mediated by METTL5.