bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Directly measuring the structural transition pathways of strain-engineered VO2 thin films
Authors: Evlyukhin Egor , Howard Sebastian A. , Paik Hanjong , Paez Galo J. , Gosztola David J. , Singh Christopher N. , Schlom Darrell G. , Lee Wei-Cheng , Piper Louis F. J.
Published: September 2020

The interplay between epitaxial strains and structural transition pathways as well as local environment along the metal-to-insulator transition in VO2/MgF2 (001) and (110) thin films is investigated.
SnO2-ZnO-Fe2O3tri-composite based room temperature operated dual behavior ammonia and ethanol sensor for ppb level detection
Authors: Beniwal Ajay , Sunny
Published: September 2020

An ultra-responsive room temperature operated dual sensing behavior novel SnO2–ZnO–Fe2O3tri-composite sensor for ammonia and ethanol detection at ppb level.
Synthesis of an optically active polymer containing a planar phthalimide backbone by asymmetric polymerization
Authors: Kanbayashi Naoya , Saegusa Marina , Ishido Yuki , Okamura Taka-aki , Onitsuka Kiyotaka
Published: September 2020

Herein we present the precise design and synthesis of a novel polymer backbone that induces a helical structure through asymmetric polymerization reactions of a phthalimide-based monomer catalyzed by a planar-chiral cyclopentadienyl–ruthenium complex.
Improvement in the thermoelectric properties of porous networked Al-doped ZnO nanostructured materials synthesized via an alternative interfacial reaction and low-pressure SPS processing
Authors: Virtudazo Raymond V. Rivera , Srinivasan Bhuvanesh , Guo Quansheng , Wu Rudder , Takei Toshiaki , Shimasaki Yuta , Wada Hiroaki , Kuroda Kazuyuki , Bernik Slavko , Mori Takao
Published: September 2020

This work presents a novel, simpler and faster bottom-up approach to produce relatively high performance thermoelectric Al-doped ZnO ceramics from nanopowders produced by interfacial reaction followed by consolidation with Spark Plasma Sintering.
Hollow nanoparticle-assembled hierarchical NiCo2O4 nanofibers with enhanced electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Han Chen , Cao Wen-Qiang , Cao Mao-Sheng
Published: September 2020

Hollow NiCo2O4 nanoparticle-assembled electrospun nanofibers showed tailorable electrochemical activity and tunable lithium storage properties.
Synthesis and microwave absorption properties of Fe@carbon fibers
Authors: Zhang Xuecong , Qi Song , Zhao Yi , Wang Lirui , Fu Jie , Yu Miao
Published: September 2020

The structure of iron nanosheets on the surface of carbon fiber improves the absorption characteristics of carbon fiber.
Metabolic characterisation ofMagnetospirillum gryphiswaldenseMSR-1 using LC-MS-based metabolite profiling
Authors: Abdelrazig Salah , Safo Laudina , Rance Graham A. , Fay Michael W. , Theodosiou Eirini , Topham Paul D. , Kim Dong-Hyun , Fernández-Castané Alfred
Published: September 2020

Metabolic pathways inMagnetospirillum gryphiswaldenseMSR-1 are significantly altered under microaerobic (O2-limited) growth conditions enabling magnetosome formation.
One-pot reductive amination of carbonyl compounds with nitro compounds over a Ni/NiO composite
Authors: Kita Yusuke , Kai Sayaka , Supriadi Rustad Lesandre Binti , Kamata Keigo , Hara Michikazu
Published: September 2020

Easy-to-prepare Ni/NiO acts as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for one-pot reductive amination of carbonyl compounds with nitroarenes.
Correction: Gyroid structured aqua-sheets with sub-nanometer thickness enabling 3D fast proton relay conduction
Authors: Kobayashi Tsubasa , Li Ya-xin , Ono Ayaka , Zeng Xiang-bing , Ichikawa Takahiro
Published: September 2020

Correction for ‘Gyroid structured aqua-sheets with sub-nanometer thickness enabling 3D fast proton relay conduction’ by Tsubasa Kobayashi et al., Chem. Sci., 2019, 10, 6245–6253, DOI: 10.1039/C9SC00131J.
Bifunctional water-electrolysis-catalysts meeting band-diagram analysis: case study of “FeP” electrodes
Authors: Ali Rashad , Shan Aixian , Saranya Govidarajan , Jian Xian , Mahmood Asif , Mahmood Nasir , Chen Mingyang , Yang Yunguo , Lau Woon-Ming
Published: September 2020

Band-diagram-based perspective and guidance for designing and screening high-performance bifunctional catalysts for water-electrolysis are developed based on the case study of "FeP" electrodes.
Nitrogen-free TMS4-centers in metal–organic frameworks for ammonia synthesis
Authors: Lv Xingshuai , Wei Wei , Wang Hao , Li Fengping , Huang Baibiao , Dai Ying , Jacob Timo
Published: September 2020

MOFs for N2 reduction: performing first-principles high-throughput screening on a series of 2D TM–BHT, we could show that a subtle synergism between TMS4 active centers and the ligands is a prerequisite for a high NRR performance, properties which Mo–BHT seems to fulfill.
Origin of the enhanced oxygen evolution reaction activity and stability of a nitrogen and cerium co-doped CoS2 electrocatalyst
Authors: Hao Jinhui , Luo Wei , Yang Wenshu , Li Longhua , Shi Weidong
Published: September 2020

Nitrogen and cerium dopants in CoS2 contribute a well-defined electronic structure for improving electrochemical stability and activity.
Dual‐beam terahertz quantum cascade laser with >1 W effective output power
Authors: Tan Zhiyong , Wang Hongyu , Wan Wenjian , Cao Juncheng
Published: September 2020

A new coupling scheme of a 4.28‐THz quantum‐cascade laser is constructed by employing two off‐axis parabolic reflectors. Two parallel terahertz beams are coupled out from the symmetrical facets of the wire laser. The total effective laser power of the terahertz beams is measured by a thermal power‐meter under the modulation state. The highest value of the laser effective output power is about 1.4 W at a driving current of 19.3 A and a duty cycle of 1%. This dual‐beam coupling scheme makes full use of the output power of the wire laser and has important applications in terahertz imaging and biological‐effect research studies.
Development of ultrasonic waveguide sensor for liquid level measurement in loop system
Authors: Dhayalan R. , Saravanan S. , Manivannan S. , Purna Chandra Rao B.
Published: September 2020

This Letter presents an ultrasonic waveguide sensor for measuring fluctuations in a liquid level using leaky longitudinal wave L(0,2) in a coolant loop system. A 20% cold‐worked D9 fuel pin clad tube of 1000 mm long, 6.6 mm outer diameter and 0.45 mm wall thickness was used as a waveguide on which the L(0,2) mode was transmitted/received along the axial direction at 500 kHz. When the waveguide got introduced into a coolant loop and partially immersed in a non‐viscous liquid (water/liquid sodium), the amplitude of L(0,2) mode got reduced due to leakage. The rate of leakage depends on the characteristics of the waveguide and the embedding liquid medium. By utilising this physical property of L(0,2) mode, it is possible to predict the variations in liquid level during dynamic conditions. Experimental measurements were carried out on a mock‐up test loop in which water was used as embedding liquid and two artificial notches were made on the waveguide at different depths were used as reference levels. The time‐amplitude signals were monitored and the reflected energies from the bottom end of the waveguide and the notches were used as the threshold and reference amplitudes respectively for identification of water level.
Quantised kernel least mean square algorithm with a learning vector strategy
Authors: Zhang Qiangqiang , Wang Shiyuan
Published: September 2020

To decrease the network size of quantised kernel least mean square (QKLMS) dramatically, the QKLMS algorithm with an online learning vector strategy, which is named LV‐QKLMS, is proposed in this Letter. The centres of the dictionary in LV‐QKLMS are updated dynamically by the online learning vectors. Unlike QKLMS only updating the coefficient of the nearest centre to current input, LV‐QKLMS updates the centres of the dictionary using the redundant input data accordingly. Thanks to the iterative learning vector, LV‐QKLMS has a constantly changing quantisation area on the arrival of a new sample, and thus generates a superimposed quantisation area containing more redundant input data than QKLMS with a fixed quantisation area. In addition, the learning vector updated by a linear combination of input data and itself in the superimposed quantisation area guarantees the filtering accuracy of LV‐QKLMS. Simulation results on the prediction of Mackey–Glass chaotic time series are presented to validate the effectiveness of LV‐QKLMS.
Blind recognition of binary BCH codes based on Euclidean algorithm
Authors: Yu Ming , Zheng Feifei , Ma Junwei , Zhang Jingying
Published: September 2020

A novel method based on Euclidean algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of blind recognition of binary Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) codes in non‐cooperative applications. By carrying out iterative Euclidean divisions on the demodulator output bit‐stream, the proposed method can determine the codeword length and generator polynomial of unknown BCH code. The computational complexity is derived as O (n 3 ). Simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed method.
Automatic modulation classification with deep learning‐based frequency selection filters
Authors: Liu Weisong , Huang Zhitao , Li Xueqiong , Wang Xiang , Li Baoguo
Published: September 2020

Automatic modulation classification (AMC) is an important and challenging task that aims to discriminate modulation formats of received signals, such as military communications, cognitive radio and spectrum management. With the development of deep learning techniques, research in AMC has gained promising results because of its powerful representation and classification abilities. In this Letter, the authors present a new network architecture that combines a frequency selection module and a convolutional neural network (CNN). This scheme not only processes raw signal data with carriers to increase the in‐band signal‐to‐noise ratio but also converge faster than traditional CNN. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed model.
Design of a multilayer dual‐band balanced‐to‐balanced SIW filtering power divider
Authors: Liu Yijie , Zhang Gang , Zheng Jian , Li Yujie , Li Zeling , Li Mingjia , Wang Enrong
Published: September 2020

A new compact multilayer dual‐band balanced‐to‐balanced filtering power divider (FPD) based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) resonator is proposed in this Letter. Originating from the field distributions of resonant modes in the square SIW cavity, TE201 ‐mode and TE203 ‐mode are utilised to achieve desired differential‐mode (DM) transmission and high common‐mode (CM) suppression. Meanwhile, dual DM passbands are generated by reasonably coupling two SIW resonators in the back‐to‐back form with the help of four coupling apertures etched on the middle‐layer ground. Besides, a pair of isolated resistors is loaded at back‐diagonal regions of the upper‐layer SIW resonator, achieving high port‐to‐port isolation. For demonstration, a prototype dual‐band balanced‐to‐balanced SIW FPD operating at 11.0 and 18.4 GHz is ultimately designed, fabricated and tested. Good agreement between simulated and measured results is obtained, verifying the feasibility and validity of the design concept.
Fully adaptive waveform parameter design for cognitive tracking radars
Authors: Ghadian Mohammad , Fatemi Mofrad Reza , Abbasi Arand Bijan
Published: September 2020

Cognitive radars have the capability of using the prior environmental information to improve the radar performance. In this study, a cost function for fully adaptive waveform parameters design for cognitive tracking radars is proposed. These parameters include – but not limited to – pulse length, pulse repetition frequency, number of transmitted pulses, and target revisit rate. Thus, the proposed cost function is capable of reducing the tracking error, using adaptive waveform parameters, along the time resource management, with adaptive coherent processing interval and target revisit time. The purpose of the proposed cost function is balancing the different radar measurement errors (which depend on radar transmitted waveform in contrary directions), with respect to the target manoeuvre scenario, to reach the radar tolerable tracking error. Simulation results show that using the proposed waveform parameter design cost function, tracking error is reduced, and an optimised radar time resource usage is obtained.
Joint financing and ordering decisions in a capital-constrained supply chain with risk preference
Authors: Zhen Zhiyuan , Wang Jingru
Published: September 2020

We consider a two-echelon supply chain consisting of one dominant supplier and one capital-constrained retailer. The retailer needs to solve the shortage of working capital either from a bank or from its core supplier, which offers trade credit when it is also beneficial to itself. We assume the retailer is risk-averse behavior and the supplier has different risk preference behaviors that jointly model risk-averse, risk-neutral, and risk-taking. With a wholesale price contract, we incorporate each member’s risk preference behavior into its objective function. Then we derive the optimal decisions in a Stackelberg game under bank credit financing and trade credit financing, respectively. We find that there exists a supplier’s risk preference threshold that distinguishes financing scheme. When the supplier is a relatively higher risk preference, trade credit financing makes both the retailer and the supplier better off and is a unique financing equilibrium. Otherwise, the members prefer bank credit financing. Besides, the supplier with relatively higher risk preference behavior prefers the retailer with a low initial capital as a partner; the supplier with relatively lower risk preference behavior prefers the retailer with a higher initial capital level. The above theoretical results are verified by numerical analysis.
Quand l’adjectif ne désigne pas une « qualité » : une nouvelle interprétation de l’adjectivité dans les Catégories d’Aristote
Authors: Laëthier Augustin
Published: September 2020

L’interprétation consensuelle des philologues modernes desCatégoriesd’Aristote, qui voudrait que la catégorie dialectique de la « qualité » corresponde au fondement de la classe grammaticale de l’adjectif, soulève des problèmes interprétatifs. Il s’agit d’interpréter à nouveaux frais les chapitres 1 et 8 de l’ouvrage d’Aristote afin de définir ce que nous appellerons la conception aristotélicienne de l’adjectivité, conception si différente de la nôtre qu’elle ne saurait être interprétée comme l’origine théorique de notre adjectif actuel.
Les mots du monde
Authors: Eluerd Roland
Published: September 2020

Si « le mot n'est pas la chose », pas de bosses sous le tapis de l'immanence. Mais, au-delà des mots, les emplois des mots sont têtus : le monde impose sa présence. Pour une lexicologie ouverte sur le monde, le premier acte est une prise en compte de l'usage ordinaire. Il laisse voir que le signe implique une certaine représentation de la chose, caractéristique de l'appréciation et de l'usage que nous en faisons. Cette représentation apprise et partagée force la clôture d'un espace seulement mental du signe. Ici, le schéma triadique du signe selon Peirce et le réalisme critique de Wittgenstein sont des guides utiles. Plusieurs exemples, tous concernant des noms très ordinaires, illustreront ce point de vue. Ils montreront comment le monde, à qui la porte de la langue est fermée, entre en quelque sorte par la fenêtre ouverte des sens figurés. Ainsi se dessinera la place d'une lexicologie des vocabulaires, moins soucieuse d'expliquer que de décrire.
De l’oral spontané et sa transposition écrite sous forme d’article : quelques jalons d’une analyse exploratoire
Authors: Surcouf Christian , Ausoni Alain
Published: September 2020

Dans cette étude exploratoire, nous partons d’une réflexion de Peytard (1977: 195) qui préconise de confronter des manifestations linguistiques orales et écrites, dont l’éclairage mutuel peut bénéficier à l’analyse de la langue. Cherchant à mettre en miroir deux productions dont les variations peuvent être rapportées assez strictement à la dimension médiale, nous comparons un entretien radiophonique diffusé surFrance Cultureen 2014 et sa publication sous forme écrite parue la même année dans la revueFrance Culture Papiers. Après un questionnement sur les particularités et les limites d’une telle comparaison, faisant l’hypothèse que les mutations apparaissant au cours de la retranscription révèlent en creux des divergences de normes et des représentations sur les attendus de chacun des deux genres de discours considérés, nous examinons la manière dont plusieurs traits langagiers sont traités dans le passage à l’écrit : le pronom clitique sujet vous en emploi générique, les constructions syntaxiquesvous avez X qui et il y a X qui, et le cas de la subordination relative.
L’oral imité dans la littérature, un objet didactique réflexif en classe de langues étrangères voisines
Authors: Manzato Typhaine
Published: September 2020

Comment pourrait-on utiliser l'imitation de la langue parlée dans la littérature en vue d’un travail sur la compréhension des usages oraux de la langue étrangère en classe ? Cette proposition de communication peut être résumée par cette question et notre article sera guidé par la réponse que nous y apporterons. En particulier, nous montrerons comment a été mise à profit l'imitation de certains traits de la langue parlée dans des dialogues de romans dans le cadre de l'expérimentation de notre travail de thèse. Notre postulat est que la rencontre avec certains traits de la langue parlée par leur représentation littéraire à l'écrit – avec l'apport de leur double présentation à l'aide d'extraits de corpus oraux – pourrait aider à l'identification, en plus de permettre une réflexion, de ces phénomènes, de manière à pouvoir les reconnaitre ensuite à l'oral. Notre expérimentation consiste à observer l'apport de la présentation de ces faits dans une double modalité écrite et orale mais aussi dans une modalité plurilingue, avec la présence d'un même fait – ou même type de fait – en deux autres langues romanes, en complément des extraits en langue cible.
L'enseignement du français avec les interactions : approche méthodologique et mise en oeuvre en classe depuis le niveau débutant
Authors: ETIENNE Carole , DAVID Catherine
Published: September 2020

Si les enseignants considèrent la compétence d'interaction dans les situations professionnelles ou privées du quotidien comme fondamentale dans l'acquisition d'une langue, son enseignement reste encore problématique pour intégrer la diversité des situations et préparer l'apprenant à acquérir certains automatismes qui lui permettront de mieux les comprendre et d'intervenir plus facilement. Pour tenter de pallier ce manque, les linguistes spécialistes des interactions ont décidé de constituer des ressources en partenariat avec les praticiens impliqués dans des enseignements de Français Langue Etrangère (FLE) à destination de publics variés. Cet article entend présenter l'approche méthodologique qui a permis d'articuler les travaux des chercheurs en linguistique avec les besoins identifiés par les didacticiens et la mise en oeuvre de ces nouveaux supports multimédia en situation de classe, notamment pour un public débutant pour lequel les interactions naturelles semblent à priori difficiles à prendre en main.
Quand la didactique du français interroge les théories linguistiques de référence sur la reformulation orale : l’atelier de production d’écrits au Cours Préparatoire
Authors: Castany-Owhadi Hélène
Published: September 2020

La présente contribution prend appui sur une recherche qui étudie les effets des reformulations orales sur les apprentissages de l’écrit des élèves en contexte d’atelier de production d’écrits au Cours Préparatoire, les données provenant de la rechercheLire et Écrire auCP (IFÉ). Nous tentons de montrer les limites de l’emprunt des théories linguistiques de référence pour l’étude de la reformulation en contexte didactique, l’enseignant répétant souvent des unités linguistiques inférieures au mot en utilisant le corps et la voix afin d’aider l’élève à produire de l’écrit. Cette prise en compte nous a amenée à adopter une conception extensive de la reformulation et à concevoir une typologie des reformulations autour de l’écrit à produire ou produit, autrement dit des reformulations de l’« écrit dans l’oral ». Nous prenons en considération la lettre, le phonème, la syllabe ainsi que la multimodalité car elles sont au service de l’accompagnement didactique mais aussi l’« écrit dans l’oral » distancé que l’on peut considérer comme la trace d’une attitude réflexive sur la langue. Nous mettons ainsi en évidence des indicateurs d’expertise langagière : les reformulations de l’« écrit dans l’oral » avec modalités gestuelle/verbale du maitre ainsi que sa capacité à susciter des reformulations avec de l’« écrit dans l’oral » distancé du côté des élèves.
Nous pouvons faire de « sightseeing » ensemble : le contact linguistique au niveau lexical dans la production écrite en FLE des lycéens maltais
Authors: Bezzina Anne-Marie
Published: September 2020

Cette étude analyse les erreurs lexicales dans la production écrite de lycéens maltais étudiant le français L2 aux niveaux B1 et B2, en se focalisant sur les erreurs attribuables à l’influence de la L1, qui, à Malte, comprend le maltais, l’anglais et l’italien. Des réflexions sont faites sur la difficulté d’admettre une idéologie translinguistique, tolérante de l’appui fourni par la L1 dans l’écriture en L2, dans le contexte d’un examen à un niveau avancé, avec ses normes de correction linguistique. Un corpus de copies d’examen aux niveaux Avancé et Intermédiaire est fouillé pour les possibilités de phénomènes de transfert, catégorisés en cinq types, émanant de difficultés orthographiques, de choix de mots, ou sémantiques, ces dernières provoquant l’utilisation des faux-amis. Les résultats sont comparés aux conclusions d’études faites dans les cadres maltais et international. La fréquence des contacts linguistiques dans le corpus est probablement attribuable tant à l’alternance codique, comportement omniprésent à Malte, qu’à la nature même de la rédaction en L2, activité forcément bilingue. Des calculs statistiques permettent des comparaisons des fréquences de contact aux niveaux Avancé et Intermédiaire, entre les copies mieux notées et les moins bien notées, comme entre les tâches plus exigeantes et les tâches plus simples.
Le cas de la liaison après les formes des verbes être et avoir chez des adolescents autrichiens apprenant le FLE
Authors: Heiszenberger Elisabeth , Courdès-Murphy Léa , Jansen Luise , Pustka Elissa
Published: September 2020

L’article présente le comportement de la liaison après les formes des verbes être et avoir chez 145 apprenants de FLE (0-B1) du corpus Pro²F, en l’occurrence des élèves entre 12 et 18 ans qui apprennent le français comme deuxième langue étrangère au collège-lycée. L’étude se base sur 979 sites potentiels de liaison en lecture et en parole spontanée. En comparaison, nous avons analysé l’input oral présenté à ces apprenants : les CDs audio de leur manuel (206 sites de liaison) ainsi qu’un corpus de parole de 12 enseignants de français en Autriche (37 sites de liaison). Les données suggèrent que la liaison résulte en partie de la reproduction de séquences mémorisées et en partie d’un processus phonologique productif. Contrairement aux natifs, l’input oral est plus pauvre et l’input écrit et l’instruction explicite se présentent dès le début en parallèle. Étant donnée la diversité de facteurs en jeu, nous préconisons des approches didactiques très variées. Nos résultats mènent à la conclusion qu’il serait avantageux de fournir aux apprenants une instruction explicite de la liaison en insistant sur les correspondances graphie-phonie, tout en privilégiant un maximum d’inputs « authentiques » (de locuteurs natifs).
Réflexions sur la formalisation, en tant que système, d’une transcription des formes des Langues des Signes : l’approche Typannot
Authors: Boutet Dominique , Bianchini Claudia S. , Doan Patrick , Chèvrefils-Desbiolles Léa , Thomas Chloé , Rébulard Morgane , Contesse Adrien , Danet Claire , Dauphin Jean-François , Réguer Mathieu
Published: September 2020

Transcrire les langues des signes (LS) nécessite de prendre en considération leur nature gestuelle et de comprendre les raisons (parmi lesquelles centration sur les mains et utilisation d’un cadre de référence égocentré) pour lesquelles des systèmes typographiques (HamNoSys, SignWriting) ont échoué à s’imposer comme outil de transcription. La gestualité met en mouvement tous les segments du membre supérieur selon des degrés de liberté, en fonction d’amplitudes particulières et à travers une série de cadres de référence intrinsèque centrée sur chaque segment. Typannot, le système typographique présenté ici, repose sur ces caractéristiques et les intègre dans une hiérarchie structurelle ménageant un niveau informationnel correspondant aux traits (caractères), rassemblés dans un niveau de glyphes composés. La facilité d’utilisation de Typannot est assurée par le respect de quatre principes de conception (généricité, modularité, lisibilité et inscriptibilité) et l’utilisation d’une interface de saisie ménageant ces niveaux d’informations. Afin d’illustrer l’usage de Typannot, ont été menée des analyses portant sur les configurations et l’emplacement propre de la main, qui montrent l’influence de la gestualité praxique sur la gestualité symbolique (c.-à-d. les signes des LS). Vue la durée d’annotation encore très importante qu’un tel système de transcription impose, l’objectif est de permettre une "dictée gestuelle", une transcription directe à partir des données de capture de mouvement. Cette perspective devrait aussi faciliter la transcription de l’ensemble des gestes dits co-verbaux de n’importe quelle langue vocale.
Repérage du lexique scientifique transdisciplinaire des SHS dans des écrits scientifiques
Authors: Kister Laurence , Jacquey Évelyne
Published: September 2020

L’augmentation constante de la quantité et de la diversité des articles scientifiques rend leur indexation thématique indispensable. L’utilisation de textes enrichis en occurrences du ou des lexique(s) de spécialité et en occurrences du lexique scientifique transdisciplinaire permet d’envisager l’entraînement d’outils d'indexation automatique. Afin d’enrichir sémantiquement des textes de SHS (linguistique et archéologie) en occurrences du lexique scientifique transdisciplinaire, nous avons entrepris une expérience d'annotation manuelle destinée à permettre la mise au point d’une méthodologie d'annotation reproductible. L’expérience que nous présentons, consiste en une étude exploratoire menée sur la tâche d'annotation en occurrences du lexique scientifique transdisciplinaire. Afin de rendre les routines d’annotation les plus fiables possibles, nous proposons de nous intéresser aux accords entre annotateurs, entre arbitres et entre annotateurs et arbitres.
La science de l'écriture et la linguistique : Benveniste, l'artisan de la (ré)conciliation ?
Authors: Klock-Fontanille Isabelle
Published: September 2020

En 2012, paraît un ouvrage à la fois essentiel et perturbant pour qui s’intéresse à la science de l’écriture :Dernières leçons, Collège de France, 1968 et 1969, dont huit leçons sont consacrées à la question de l’écriture (sur les 16 leçons que comporte le volume). Le contenu de ces leçons était resté inédit jusque là. Au moment où Benveniste rédige ces cours sur l’écriture, la science de l’écriture est à un tournant : à cette époque, elle est dominée par une conception représentative issue de la tradition saussurienne (l’écriture comme code second destiné à représenter la langue). L’heure est à la remise en question, avec, en particulier Derrida. Grâce à un dialogue entre sémiotique, anthropologie et une conception revisitée de la linguistique, la science de l’écriture se trouve peu à peu profondément renouvelée. Les réflexions de Benveniste ont-elles contribué à ce renouveau de la science de l’écriture ? Et plus précisément, ses propositions ont-elles contribué à renouveler l’approche dite linguistique ? Nous essayerons de comprendre quelles implications ses réflexions ont eues, mais aussi quelles en sont les limites. Nous terminerons par des pistes pour un point de vue global sur le problème.
Möglichkeiten der Einlagenversorgungen im Sport – eine Übersicht
Authors: Stinus Hartmut , Ernst Jennifer , Ronny Perthel
Published: September 2020

Fußdeformitäten sind weit verbreitet – auch Sportler leiden darunter. Häufige Folge sind Schmerzen und Reizzustände, die eine optimale Leistungsentwicklung verhindern und unerwünschte Folgen an benachbarten Gelenken haben. Individuell angefertigte Einlagen können helfen, die Beschwerden in den Griff zu bekommen.
Saliva versus Plasma Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Gentamicin in Jordanian Preterm Infants. Development of a Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model and Validation of Class II Drugs of Salivary Excretion Classification System
Authors: Idkaidek Nasir , Hamadi Salim , Bani-Domi Rabab , Al-Adham Ibrahim , Alsmadi Motasem , Awaysheh Faten , Aqrabawi Hisham , Al-Ghazawi Ahmad , Rabayah Ayman
Published: September 2020

Gentamicin has proven to be a very successful treatment for bacterial infection, but it also can cause adverse effects, especially ototoxicity, which is irreversible. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in saliva is a more convenient non-invasive alternative compared to plasma. A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of gentamicin was built and validated using previously-published plasma and saliva data. The validated model was then used to predict experimentally-observed plasma and saliva gentamicin TDM data in Jordanian pediatric preterm infant patients measured using sensitive LCMS/MS method. A correlation was established between plasma and saliva exposures. The developed PBPK model predicted previously reported gentamicin levels in plasma, saliva and those observed in the current study. A good correlation was found between plasma and saliva exposures. The PBPK model predicted that gentamicin in saliva is 5–7 times that in plasma, which is in agreement with observed results. Saliva can be used as an alternative for TDM of gentamicin in preterm infant patients. Exposure to gentamicin in plasma and saliva can reliably be predicted using the developed PBPK model in patients.
Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Loratadine, Desloratadine
and Their Active Metabolites in Rat based on a Newly Developed LC-MS/MS
Analytical Method
Authors: Zhang Yuxin , Lu Yihua , Wang Lijuan , Tian Yuan , Zhang Zunjian
Published: September 2020

Loratadine (LOR) and its major metabolite, desloratadine (DL) are new-generation
antihistamines. The hydroxylated metabolites of them, 6-OH-DL, 5-OH-DL and
3-OH-DL are also active because of their ability to inhibit binding of
pyrilamine to brain H1 receptors and a tendency for distributing to
specific immune-regulatory tissues. In this study, a new validated
LC-MS/MS method to simultaneously quantify LOR, DL, 6-OH-DL, 5-OH-DL and
3-OH-DL in plasma and tissues was established and applied to an investigation of
their pharmacokinetics and target-tissue distribution tendency for the first
time. Pharmacokinetics parameters in rat were measured and the results suggest
that the body’s exposure to active metabolites were much higher than to
the prodrug with LOR, but much lower with DL. The tissue distribution study
shows that LOR, DL and their active metabolites were widely distributed in the
liver, spleen, thymus, heart, adrenal glands and pituitary gland. For
immune-regulatory tissues, the concentrations of LOR, DL and their active
metabolites in the spleen were much higher than in the thymus, which is related
to the spleen, one of the sites where immune responses occur. LOR and its
metabolites might inhibit immune-mediated allergic inflammation through the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. It was also found that the
concentration of LOR in the heart was highest after liver and adrenal glands
while those of DL, 6-OH-DL and 5-OH-DL in the liver, adrenal glands and spleen
were all higher than those in the heart, which suggests that LOR may have a
greater tendency to distribute in the heart than its metabolites.
Halogen–Lithium Exchange of Sensitive (Hetero)aromatic Halides under Barbier Conditions in a Continuous Flow Set-Up
Authors: Weidmann Niels , Nishimura Rodolfo H. V. , Knochel Paul , Harenberg Johannes H.
Published: September 2020

A halogen–lithium exchange reaction of (hetero)aromatic halides performed in the presence of various electrophiles such as aldehydes, ketones, Weinreb amides, and imines using BuLi as exchange reagent and a commercially available flow set-up is reported. The organolithiums generated in situ were instantaneously trapped with various electrophiles (Barbier conditions) resulting in the formation of polyfunctional (hetero)arenes. This method enables the functionalization of (hetero)arenes containing highly sensitive functional groups such as esters­, which are not tolerated in batch conditions.
An Improved Synthesis of 3,6-Dihydro-as-indacene
Authors: Preite Marcelo , Molins Elies , Chávez Ivonne , Amshumali Mungalimane K. , Morales-Verdejo Cesar , Dibdalli Yuvaraja , Faúndez Rodrigo , Manriquez Juan M.
Published: September 2020

This contribution describes an updated synthetic route to 3,6-dihydro-as-indacene along with full characterization of all inter­mediates. The title compound is prepared by Mannich condensation of 2-methylfuran with formaldehyde and dimethylamine hydrochloride, quaternization of the resulting amine with methyl iodide, and conversion into the ammonium hydroxide salt by treatment with silver oxide in water. Subsequent Hoffmann elimination and [6,6]-cycloaddition through pyrolysis produces a furanocyclophane, which after photooxidation, intramolecular cycloaddition, and dehydration with sodium carbonate affords 2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,8-dione-as-indacene. Reduction of this diketone gives a mixture of alcohols, which after dehydration under slightly basic or acidic conditions produces 3,6-dihydro-as-indacene. The structure is confirmed by X-ray diffraction, and all intermediates are characterized by means of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
The Role of Microglia in Cerebral Traumatic Injury and its Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Padilla-Zambrano Huber S. , Deora Harsh , Arnout Mohamed , Mendoza-Florez Romario , Cardenas-Chavez Wiston Eduardo , Herrera-Martinez Monica Patricia , Ortega-Sierra Michael Gregorio , Agrawal Amit , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael
Published: September 2020

Microglia have a variety of functions in the brain such as synaptic remodeling, damage repair of the central nervous system (CNS), and CNS’ inflammatory response to peripheral infections. The response depends on the type of insult and infection and includes a range of variety of activation states, the duration of which will decide the outcome. In response to traumatic brain injury (TBI), early activation can lead to early restoration of function, while prolonged and continuous activation can cause neurodegeneration states. Current evidence, however, states that this may not be the case. In this article, we discuss this seldom understood topic of microglia response to TBI, and analyze their distribution, function and possible sites of manipulation. Animal studies have allowed genetic and pharmacological manipulations of microglia activation, in order to define their role. Microglia activation can be remote to the site of injury, and thus their manipulation may play a significant role in the response to any trauma.
Diffuse Parenchymal Neurocysticercosis: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Prajapati Hanuman Prasad
Published: September 2020

Neurocysticercosis is the commonest parasitic disease of the central nervous system and the leading cause of seizure in the developing world. Human cysticercosis is caused by the dissemination of the embryo of Taenia solium in the intestine via the hepatoportal system to the tissues and organs of the body. The organs most commonly affected are the subcutaneous tissues, skeletal muscles, lung, brain, eye, liver, and occasionally the heart, thyroid, and pancreas. Widespread dissemination of the cysticerci can result in the involvement of almost any organ in the body. We report a case of 60 years old male presented with head injury due to fall, which was diagnosed as diffuse parenchymal neurocysticercosis on computed tomography scan of brain. We discuss the radiological feature, diagnostic criteria, management plan, and literature review of such reported cases.
Delayed Extradural Hematoma after Evacuation of Contralateral Acute Extradural Hematoma
Authors: Anwer Majid , Rehman Atique Ur , Ahmed Farheen , Kumar Satyendra , Uddin Md Masleh
Published: September 2020

Introduction Traumatic head injury with extradural hematoma (EDH) is seen in 2% of patients. Development of EDH on the contralateral side is an uncommon complication that has been reported in various case reports.

Methods We report here a case of an 18-year-old male who had a road traffic injury. He was diagnosed as a case of left-sided large frontotemporoparietal acute extradural bleed with a mass effect toward the right side. He was managed with urgent craniotomy and evacuation of hematoma. A noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) scan performed 8 hours after postoperative period showed a large frontotemporoparietal bleed on the right side with a mass effect toward the left side. He was again taken to the operating room and right-sided craniotomy and evacuation of hematoma were performed. A postoperative NCCT scan revealed a resolved hematoma. The patient made a complete recovery in the postoperative period and is doing well.

Conclusion Delayed onset epidural hematoma is diagnosed when the initial computed tomography (CT) scan is negative or is performed early and when late CT scan performed to assess clinical or ICP deterioration shows an EDH. The diagnosis of such a condition requires a high index of suspicion based on the mechanism of injury along with fracture patterns. Additionally, change in pupillary size, raised intracranial pressure, and bulging of the brain intraoperatively are additional clues for contralateral bleeding. Neurologic deterioration may or may not be associated with delayed EDH presentation. An early postoperative NCCT scan within 24 hours is recommended to detect this complication with or without any neurologic deterioration.
Air Leak Syndrome in Two Very Preterm Infants Born to Mothers with Coronavirus Disease 2019: An Association or a Coincidence?
Authors: Reddy Ajay , Engelhardt Krystin , Jain Deepak
Published: September 2020

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mostly affects adults with limited information on possible vertical transmission from pregnant mothers. We present here two very preterm infants born to mothers with COVID-19, whose respiratory course was significant for initial mild respiratory distress syndrome who developed acute onset severe air leak syndrome at approximately 24 to 36 hours of age requiring thoracentesis. Their respiratory status improved gradually with resolution of air leak and respiratory failure by 2 weeks of age. Both infants tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction of multiple respiratory specimens collected beyond 24 hours after birth. As the incidence of severe air leak syndrome is relatively low in preterm infants without risk factors, this presentation in two very preterm infants born to mothers with COVID-19 is intriguing and needs to be further evaluated in larger cohorts. If confirmed, this data could potentially be the first step toward generating hypotheses for mechanisms of lung injury, intrauterine transmission, or how to detect COVID-19 in preterm infants. In addition, these data will be critical for developing evidence-based guidelines for perinatal management of these infants as we continue to battle against the COVID-19 pandemic for the foreseeable future.
Management and Surveillance of Short- and Long-Term Sequelae of Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Pediatric Brain Tumors
Authors: Lam Fred Chiu-Lai , Kasper Ekkehard M , Mahadevan Anand
Published: September 2020

Radiation therapy (RT) is a mainstay for the treatment of pediatric brain tumors. As improvements in and sophistication of this modality continue to increase the survival of patients, the long-term sequelae of RT pose significant challenges in the clinical management of this patient population as they transition into adulthood. In this special edition, we review the short- and long-term effects of RT for the treatment of pediatric brain tumors and the necessary surveillance required for follow-up.
Clinical Characteristics, Molecular Profile, and Outcomes in Indian Patients with Glutaric Aciduria Type 1
Authors: Tamhankar Parag M. , Vasudevan Lakshmi , Kondurkar Pratima , Niazi Sarfaraj , Christopher Rita , Solanki Dhaval , Dholakia Pooja , Muranjan Mamta , Kamate Mahesh , Kalane Umesh , Sheth Jayesh , Tamhankar Vasundhara , Gulati Reena , Vasikarla Madhavi , Danda Sumita , Naushad Shaik M. , Girisha Katta M. , Patil Shekhar
Published: September 2020

Glutaric acidemia type 1 (GA-1, OMIM 231670) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism caused by the deficiency of glutaryl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase with most children presenting in infancy with encephalopathy, dystonia, and macrocephaly. In this article, we presented the clinical characteristics, molecular profile, and outcomes in 29 unrelated families with affected children (30 cases total). The mean age at onset of illness was 10 months (±14.58), whereas the mean age at referral for molecular diagnosis was 29.44 months (±28.11). Patients were residents of nine different states of India. Clinical presentation varied from acute encephalitis followed by neuroregression and chronic/insidious developmental delay. Neurological sequelae varied from asymptomatic (no sequelae, 2 patients) to moderate (5 patients) and severe (23 patients) sequelae. All patients underwent blood tandem mass spectrometry (TMS on dried blood spots) and/or urine gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). Neuroimaging demonstrated batwing appearance in 95% cases. Sanger's sequencing of GCDH, covering all exons and exon–intron boundaries, was performed for all patients. Variants identified include 15 novel coding variants: p.Met100Thr, p.Gly107Ser, p.Leu179Val, p.Pro217Ser, p. Phe236Leufs*107, p.Ser255Pro, p.Met266Leufs*2, p.Gln330Ter, p.Thr344Ile, p.Leu345Pro, p.Lys377Arg, p.Leu424Pro, p.Asn373Lys, p.Lys377Arg, p.Asn392Metfs*9, and nine known genetic variants such as p.Arg128Gln, p.Leu179Arg, p.Trp225Ter, p.Met339Val, p.Gly354Ser, p.Arg402Gln, p.Arg402Trp, p.His403Tyr, and p.Ala433Val (Ensembl transcript ID: ENST00000222214). Using in silico analysis, genetic variants were shown to be affecting the residues responsible for homotetramer formation of the glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase protein. Treatment included oral carnitine, riboflavin, protein-restricted diet, lysine-deficient special formulae, and management of acute crises with intravenous glucose and hydration. However, the mortality (9/30, 27.58%) and morbidity was high in our cohort with only two patients affording the diet. Our study is the largest multicentric, genetic variant–proven series of glutaric aciduria type 1 from India till date.
Circadian rhythms in temporal-network connectivity
Authors: Alakörkkö T. , Saramäki J.
Published: September 2020

Human activity follows a circadian rhythm. In online activity, this rhythm is visible both at the level of individuals as well as at the population level from Wikipedia edits to mobile telephone calls. However, much less is known about circadian patterns at the level of network structure, that is, beyond the day–night cycle of the frequency of activity. Here, we study how the temporal connectivity of communication networks changes through the day, focusing on sequences of communication events that follow one another within a limited time. Such sequences can be thought to be characteristic of information transfer in the network. We find that temporal connectivity also follows a circadian rhythm, where at night a larger fraction of contacts is associated with such sequences and where contacts appear more independent at daytime. This result points out that temporal networks show richer variation in time than what has been known thus far.
An experimental design for the control and assembly of magnetic microwheels
Authors: Roth E. J. , Zimmermann C. J. , Disharoon D. , Tasci T. O. , Marr D. W. M. , Neeves K. B.
Published: September 2020

Superparamagnetic colloidal particles can be reversibly assembled into wheel-like structures called microwheels (μwheels), which roll on surfaces due to friction and can be driven at user-controlled speeds and directions using rotating magnetic fields. Here, we describe the hardware and software to create and control the magnetic fields that assemble and direct μwheel motion and the optics to visualize them. Motivated by portability, adaptability, and low-cost, an extruded aluminum heat-dissipating frame incorporating open optics and audio speaker coils outfitted with high magnetic permeability cores was constructed. Open-source software was developed to define the magnitude, frequency, and orientation of the magnetic field, allowing for real-time joystick control of μwheels through two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) fluidic environments. With this combination of hardware and software, μwheels translate at speeds up to 50 µm/s through sample sizes up to 5 × 5 × 5 cm3 using 0.75 mT–2.5 mT magnetic fields with rotation frequencies of 5 Hz–40 Hz. Heat dissipation by aluminum coil clamps maintained sample temperatures within 3 °C of ambient temperature, a range conducive for biological applications. With this design, μwheels can be manipulated and imaged in 2D and 3D networks at length scales of micrometers to centimeters.
Mo/Ti multilayer Bragg reflector for LiNbO3 film bulk acoustic wave resonators
Authors: Bai Xiaoyuan , Shuai Yao , Lv Lu , Huang Shitian , Xing Ying , Zhao Jiaoling , Luo Wenbo , Wu Chuangui , Yang Tao , Zhang Wanli
Published: September 2020

A 43° rotated Y-cut LiNbO3 (LN) single-crystal thin film coated with a bottom electrode and a Mo/Ti Bragg reflector is successfully transferred onto the 4-in. LN wafer substrate by means of crystal-ion-slicing (CIS) technique and benzocyclobutene bonding method. The multilayer film is crack-free, and the Mo/Ti reflector shows good acoustic reflection efficiency. A thin film bulk acoustic wave resonator based on the Mo/Ti Bragg reflector and the LN thin film (LN-BAW) is prepared, and the properties are further analyzed. The results indicate that the LN-BAW provides a large Kt2 of ∼16.63% and the Q-factor and figure-of-merit of the LN-BAW reach 183 and 30.4, respectively.