bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and biophysical characterization of a humanized FSH–blocking monoclonal antibody therapeutic formulated at an ultra-high concentration
Authors: Rojekar Satish , Pallapati Anusha R , Gimenez-Roig Judit , Korkmaz Funda , Sultana Farhath , Sant Damini , Haeck Clement M , Macdonald Anne , Kim Se-Min , Rosen Clifford J , Barak Orly , Meseck Marcia , Caminis John , Lizneva Daria , Yuen Tony , Zaidi Mone
Published: June 2023

Highly concentrated antibody formulations are oftentimes required for subcutaneous, self-administered biologics. Here, we report the development of a unique formulation for our first-in-class FSH-blocking humanized antibody, MS-Hu6, which we propose to move to the clinic for osteoporosis, obesity, and Alzheimer’s disease. The studies were carried out using our Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) platform, compliant with the Code of Federal Regulations (Title 21, Part 58). We first used protein thermal shift, size exclusion chromatography, and dynamic light scattering to examine MS-Hu6 concentrations between 1 and 100 mg/mL. We found that thermal, monomeric, and colloidal stability of formulated MS-Hu6 was maintained at a concentration of 100 mg/mL. The addition of the antioxidant L-methionine and chelating agent disodium EDTA improved the formulation’s long-term colloidal and thermal stability. Thermal stability was further confirmed by Nano differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Physiochemical properties of formulated MS-Hu6, including viscosity, turbidity, and clarity, confirmed with acceptable industry standards. That the structural integrity of MS-Hu6 in formulation was maintained was proven through Circular Dichroism (CD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Three rapid freeze–thaw cycles at –80 °C/25 °C or –80 °C/37 °C further revealed excellent thermal and colloidal stability. Furthermore, formulated MS-Hu6, particularly its Fab domain, displayed thermal and monomeric storage stability for more than 90 days at 4°C and 25°C. Finally, the unfolding temperature (Tm) for formulated MS-Hu6 increased by >4.80 °C upon binding to recombinant FSH, indicating highly specific ligand binding. Overall, we document the feasibility of developing a stable, manufacturable and transportable MS-Hu6 formulation at a ultra-high concentration at industry standards. The study should become a resource for developing biologic formulations in academic medical centers.
Phylogenetic diversity and the structure of host-epiphyte interactions across the Neotropics
Authors: Pie Marcio R. , Caron Fernanda S. , Dallimore Thom , Einzmann Helena , Hietz Peter , Kessler Michael , Ramos Flavio Nunes , Elias João Pedro Costa , Kreft Holger , Krömer Thorsten , Higuita Maria Judith Carmona , Zuleta Daniel , Machado Giesta , Gasper André Luís de , Zotz Gerhard , Mendieta Leiva Glenda , Jimenez-Lopez Derio Antonio , Mendes Alex Fernando , Brancalion Pedro , Mortara Sara , Blum Christopher Thomas , Irume Mariana Victória , Martínez-Meléndez Nayely Nayely , Benavides Ana Maria , Boelter Carlos Renato , Batke Sven
Published: June 2023

Understanding the mechanisms driving community assembly has been a major focus of ecological research for nearly a century, yet little is known about these mechanisms in commensal communities, particularly with respect to their historical/evolutionary components. Here, we use a large-scale dataset of 4,440 vascular plant species to explore the relationship between the evolutionary distinctiveness (ED) (as measured by the ’species evolutionary history’ (SEH)) of host species and the phylogenetic diversity (PD) of their associated epiphyte species. Although there was considerable variation across hosts and their associated epiphyte species, they were largely unrelated to host SEH. Our results mostly support the idea that the determinants of epiphyte colonization success might involve host characteristics that are unrelated to host SEH (e.g., architectural differences between hosts). While determinants of PD of epiphyte assemblages are poorly known, they do not appear to be related to the evolutionary history of host species. Instead, they might be better explained by neutral processes of colonization and extinction. However, the high level of phylogenetic signal in epiphyte PD (independent of SEH) suggests it might still be influenced by yet unrecognized evolutionary determinants. This study highlights how little is still known about the phylogenetic determinants of epiphyte communities.
Formas de la traición en los testimonios de prisión y tortura en Chile
Authors:   Universidad de Santiago, Santos Herceg José
Published: June 2023

El presente artículo busca mostrar las diferentes formas en que se presenta la traición en los testimonios de prisión política y tortura chilenos. Para hacerlo, se distinguen grados y modos en que este fenómeno aparece en los textos. Se pueden observar, en primer lugar, ciertas formas pasivas de la traición, es decir, formas de traición que se caracterizan por un no-hacer. Aquí encontramos modalidades de traición como denegar el auxilio a quien está necesitado, el ser un malagradecido con un benefactor, así como también el abandonar a los amigos y compañeros. Luego, se distinguen formas de la traición caracterizadas por una acción directa. Allí, primeramente, encontramos formas de la traición ligadas con el decir, con el hablar, entre las que la delación es la más destacada. Finalmente, se avanza hacia otras formas de la traición que van más allá de delatar y transitan hacia tras formas del hacer, como son la colaboración e incluso la conversión.
Relectura(s) de "El paso de los gansos" (1975) de Fernando Alegría. Escritura, memoria, archivo
Authors: Moreno Fernando
Published: June 2023

-
Computer Network Optimization Using Queue Tree and Peer Connection Queue (PCQ) Method at SMK Negeri 1 Sumbawa for Learning Support
Authors: Mulyanto Yudi , Wahyu Ade
Published: June 2023

Bandwidth struggles and non-optimal internet networks can result in connection problems, such as slow connections and allowing users not to connect to the internet. therefore it is necessary to optimize computer networks to be able to maximize service to users, both used to find information, download and upload data. This study uses the Queue Tree and PCQ methods which aim to optimize computer networks at SMKN 1 Sumbawa Besar and improve the quality of computer networks in terms of delay, jitter, throughput, and packet loss. This type of research is qualitative and quantitative research. Research methods include data collection (observation, interviews, literature study), analysis, design, implementation, and testing. Based on the test results after using the Queue Tree and PCQ methods, the average values of delay, jitter, throughput, and packet loss are more optimal than before applying the Queue Tree and PCQ methods. The delay measurement in data rate before applying the Queue Tree and PCQ methods is 1414925 m/s and after applying the Queue Tree and PCQ average delay is 3,165 ms. Test Jitter on the data rate before applying Queue Tree and PCQ methods is 1414957 ms and after applying the queue tree and PCQ jitter is 3,164 ms, Throughput on data rates before applying the Queue Tree and PCQ methods is 5043 kbps and after applying the queue tree and PCQ throughput is 2486 kbps, Test packet loss on data rates before applying the Queue Tree and PCQ methods is 7,911% and after applying the queue tree and PCQ methods is 0,030%.
Effect of Potassium & Zinc on the Growth and Yield of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Komatineni Ajay , Singh Rajesh , Pradhan Akankhya
Published: June 2023

A field experiment was carried out at an agricultural research farm in the Rabi season 2022, at the department of Agronomy at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj in North Eastern plains of Eastern Uttar Pradesh to study the growth and yield of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Var. with the effect of potassium and zinc, under Randomized block design comprising 10 treatments of which treatment (T1-T9), Using three replications of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc with different combinations T1 – 30 kg K/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha, T2 –  30 kg K/ha + 10 kg Zn/ha, T3 – 30 kg K/ha + 15 kg Zn/ha,  T4 – 40 kg K/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha, T5 – 40 kg K/ha + 10 kg Zn/ha, T6 – 40 kg K/ha + 15 kg Zn/ha, T7 – 50 kg K/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha, T8- 50 kg K/ha + 10 kg Zn/ha, T9 – 50 kg K/ha + 15 kg Zn/ha and T10 – Control. The exploratory plot’s soil had a sandy loam texture, a (pH 7.2) that was natural with EC - 0.26 (dS/m), a low organic carbon (0.48 %), the available N (225 kg/ha), the available P (13.60 kg/ha) and the available K (215.4 kg/ha). The experimental results revealed that 50 kg K/ha + 15 kg Zn/ha recorded Maximum plant height (193.45 cm), The highest plant dry weight (35.25 gm), number of siliqua/plant (302.20), number of seeds/siliqua (17.60), Seed yield (2685 kg/ha), Stover yield (6143 kg/ha) when compared with other treatment combinations.
Knowledge and Impression of Fenugreek Growers about Insecticide Usage in District of Western Maharashtra, India
Authors: Shinde S. S. , Patil C. S. , Deore B. V. , Pawar S. A.
Published: June 2023

A survey was done in the Western Maharashtra districts, Ahmednagar, Pune, and Nashik to investigate the pesticide usage pattern in fenugreek from 2019 to 2020. The total 150 fenugreek growers were chosen at random and interviewed out of that, fifty growers were from each selected district. The collected data was analysis with the help of excel to calculate per cent respondents. In accordance with the survey, the majority of fenugreek growers (52.00%) used novel insecticides, followed by conventional (39.25%) and biopesticides (8.75%). In terms of knowledge and farmer perception, 63.33% of farmers were conscious of the seriousness of insect pest problems in fenugreek, well almost 60.66% were aware of natural enemies, 66.66% were aware of the benefits of employing biopesticides, and only 28.00% of fenugreek growers were aware of the harmful effects of insecticides and failed to take any precautions to avoid harmful effects. The majority of farmers were unaware of the acceptable waiting period for harvesting fenugreek after application of insecticides.
Impact of Pesticides on Beneficial Insects in Various Agroecosystem: A Review
Authors: Samanta Sanjoy , Maji Atanu , Sutradhar Bipadtaran , Banerjee Santanu , Shelar Vaibhav B. , Khaire Pravin B. , Yadav Sandhya V. , Bansode Govardhan D.
Published: June 2023

Beneficial insects play a vital role in natural pest control and pollination in agricultural crops. The use of synthetic pesticides in agricultural areas is harmful to both natural enemies and pollinators. Pesticides impair the survival of a variety of life cycle stages, limit reproductive capability, alter host fitness for parasitising or predation, reduce parasitoids' emergence from sprayed host eggs, and cause direct death. When natural enemies are decreased, pest population dynamics, such as resurgence and secondary pest eruption, may suffer even more devastating repercussions. Pollinator decline decreases agricultural yield. This study intends to investigate the side effects of synthetic and botanical pesticides on beneficial insects in order to provide a foundation for future research into the detrimental effects of synthetic and botanical pesticides on these insects. This information will aid in optimising pesticide use in integrated pest management programmes by implementing more sustainable and environment friendly methods such as the use of correct doses and selective insecticides in agricultural areas.
Studies on Genetic Divergence of Parental Lines and Their F1 Progeny in Bottle Gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.]
Authors: Rai Mritunjay , Ram C. N. , Kumar Anil , Jha Aastik , Singh Ashish Kumar
Published: June 2023

The current experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. In present investigation forty-three genotypes (10 lines + 3 testers + 30 F1’s) of bottle gourd were grouped into seven distinct non over lapping clusters. This suggested that the genotypes had a significant amount of variability. Additionally, it was discovered that the genotypes belonging to the same geographic area were clustered together. Thus, there was no consistent relationship between genetic divergence and geographical distribution. Number of genotypes per cluster ranged from fifteen to one. The cluster II was the largest with fifteen genotypes followed by cluster III and cluster I, cluster VII, cluster VI while, cluster IV had one genotype. The maximum intra cluster distance was recorded in cluster VII followed by cluster V and cluster III. Maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster I and V followed by that between cluster V and VI and cluster III and VI. The higher inter cluster distance indicated greater genetic divergences between the genotypes of those clusters. The inter-cluster distance was least between cluster IV and VI indicated, that the genotypes of these clusters were genetically least diverse and with almost of the same genetic architecture. Percent character contribution towards genetic divergence among the bottle gourd genotypes were maximum for fruit length followed by days to first harvest, fruit circumference, node number to first pistillate flower appearance and number of primary branches plant-1. Therefore, these traits must be included while studying genetic divergence in bottle gourd. The results suggested that crosses between selected lines/F1’s from widely separated clusters are most likely to give desirable recombinants/hybrids.
Anxiety Screening
Authors: O’Connor Elizabeth A. , Henninger Michelle L. , Perdue Leslie A. , Coppola Erin L. , Thomas Rachel G. , Gaynes Bradley N.
Published: June 2023

Importance

Anxiety is commonly seen in primary care and associated with substantial burden.

Objective

To review the benefits and harms of screening and treatment for anxiety and the accuracy of instruments to detect anxiety among primary care patients.

Data Sources

MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Cochrane library through September 7, 2022; references of existing reviews; ongoing surveillance for relevant literature through November 25, 2022.

Study Selection

English-language original studies and systematic reviews of screening or treatment compared with control conditions and test accuracy studies of a priori–selected screening instruments were included. Two investigators independently reviewed abstracts and full-text articles for inclusion. Two investigators independently rated study quality.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

One investigator abstracted data; a second checked accuracy. Meta-analysis results were included from existing systematic reviews where available; meta-analyses were conducted on original research when evidence was sufficient.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Anxiety and depression outcomes; global quality of life and functioning; sensitivity and specificity of screening tools.

Results

Of the 59 publications included, 40 were original studies (N = 275 489) and 19 were systematic reviews (including ≈483 studies [N≈81 507]). Two screening studies found no benefit for screening for anxiety. Among test accuracy studies, only the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) GAD-2 and GAD-7 screening instruments were evaluated by more than 1 study. Both screening instruments had adequate accuracy for detecting generalized anxiety disorder (eg, across 3 studies the GAD-7 at a cutoff of 10 had a pooled sensitivity of 0.79 [95% CI, 0.69 to 0.94] and specificity of 0.89 [95% CI, 0.83 to 0.94]). Evidence was limited for other instruments and other anxiety disorders. A large body of evidence supported the benefit of treatment for anxiety. For example, psychological interventions were associated with a small pooled standardized mean difference of −0.41 in anxiety symptom severity in primary care patients with anxiety (95% CI, −0.58 to −0.23]; 10 RCTs [n = 2075]; I2 = 40.2%); larger effects were found in general adult populations.

Conclusions and Relevance

Evidence was insufficient to draw conclusions about the benefits or harms of anxiety screening programs. However, clear evidence exists that treatment for anxiety is beneficial, and more limited evidence indicates that some anxiety screening instruments have acceptable accuracy to detect generalized anxiety disorder.
Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Adults
Authors:   US Preventive Services Task Force, Barry Michael J. , Nicholson Wanda K. , Silverstein Michael , Chelmow David , Coker Tumaini Rucker , Davidson Karina W. , Davis Esa M. , Donahue Katrina E. , Jaén Carlos Roberto , Li Li , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Pbert Lori , Rao Goutham , Ruiz John M. , Stevermer James J. , Tsevat Joel , Underwood Sandra Millon , Wong John B.
Published: June 2023

Importance

Major depressive disorder (MDD), a common mental disorder in the US, may have substantial impact on the lives of affected individuals. If left untreated, MDD can interfere with daily functioning and can also be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, exacerbation of comorbid conditions, or increased mortality.

Objective

The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate benefits and harms of screening, accuracy of screening, and benefits and harms of treatment of MDD and suicide risk in asymptomatic adults that would be applicable to primary care settings.

Population

Asymptomatic adults 19 years or older, including pregnant and postpartum persons. Older adults are defined as those 65 years or older.

Evidence Assessment

The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that screening for MDD in adults, including pregnant and postpartum persons and older adults, has a moderate net benefit. The USPSTF concludes that the evidence is insufficient on the benefit and harms of screening for suicide risk in adults, including pregnant and postpartum persons and older adults.

Recommendation

The USPSTF recommends screening for depression in the adult population, including pregnant and postpartum persons and older adults. (B recommendation) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for suicide risk in the adult population, including pregnant and postpartum persons and older adults. (I statement)
Risk of Bacteremia in Febrile Children and Young Adults With Sickle Cell Disease in a Multicenter Emergency Department Cohort
Authors: Rineer Stephen , Walsh Patrick S. , Smart Luke R. , Harun Nusrat , Schnadower David , Lipshaw Matthew J.
Published: June 2023

Importance

Bacteremia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children and young adults with sickle cell disease (SCD), but among those presenting to the emergency department (ED) with fever, the absolute risk of, risk factors associated with, and outcomes of bacteremia are poorly defined.

Objective

To obtain contemporary data on the absolute risk of, risk factors associated with, and outcomes associated with bacteremia in children and young adults with SCD presenting to the ED with fever.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted of individuals with SCD younger than 22 years (young adults) presenting to EDs within the Pediatric Health Information Systems database from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2021, with fever (identified by diagnostic codes for fever or the collection of blood samples for cultures and intravenous antibiotic administration). Data analysis was performed from May 17 to December 15, 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The risk of bacteremia (defined by diagnostic coding) was identified in these children and young adults, and univariate analyses and multivariable regression were used to examine patient-level factors and bacteremia.

Results

A total of 35 548 encounters representing 11 181 individual patients from 36 hospitals were evaluated. The median age of the cohort was 6.17 (IQR, 2.36-12.11) years and 52.9% were male. Bacteremia was present in 405 encounters (1.1%, 95% CI, 1.05%-1.26%). A history of bacteremia, osteomyelitis, stroke, central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), central venous catheter, or apheresis was associated with the diagnosis of bacteremia, while age, sex, hemoglobin SC genotype, and race and ethnicity were not. In the multivariable analysis, individuals with a history of bacteremia (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% CI, 1.01-1.83), CLABSI (OR, 6.39; 95% CI, 3.02-13.52), and apheresis (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.22-2.55) had higher odds of bacteremia.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this large cohort study suggest that bacteremia in children and young adults with SCD presenting with fever is rare. A history of invasive bacterial infection, CLABSI, or a central line appears to be associated with bacteremia, while age and SCD genotype are not.
Prospective Associations of Childhood Housing Insecurity With Anxiety and Depression Symptoms During Childhood and Adulthood
Authors: Keen Ryan , Chen Jarvis T. , Slopen Natalie , Sandel Megan , Copeland William E. , Tiemeier Henning
Published: June 2023

Importance

Childhood housing insecurity has dramatically increased in the US in recent decades, but whether an association with adverse mental health outcomes exists after adjusting for repeated measures of childhood poverty is unclear.

Objective

To test whether childhood housing insecurity is associated with later anxiety and depression symptoms after adjusting for time-varying measures of childhood poverty.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective cohort study included individuals aged 9, 11, and 13 years at baseline from the Great Smoky Mountains Study in western North Carolina. Participants were assessed up to 11 times from January 1993 to December 2015. Data were analyzed from October 2021 to October 2022.

Exposure

Participants and their parents reported social factors annually when participants were 9 to 16 years of age. A comprehensive measure of childhood housing insecurity was constructed based on frequent residential moves, reduced standard of living, forced separation from home, and foster care status.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Between ages 9 and 16 years, the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment was used up to 7 times to evaluate childhood anxiety and depression symptoms. Adult anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed at ages 19, 21, 26, and 30 years using the Young Adult Psychiatric Assessment.

Results

Of the 1339 participants (mean [SD] age, 11.3 [1.63] years), 739 (55.2%; 51.1% weighted) were male; 1203 individuals assessed up to 30 years of age were included in the adulthood outcome analyses. Standardized mean (SD) baseline anxiety and depression symptom scores were higher among children who experienced housing insecurity than among those who never experienced housing insecurity (anxiety: 0.49 [1.15] vs 0.22 [1.02]; depression: 0.20 [1.08] vs −0.06 [0.82]). Individuals who experienced childhood housing insecurity had higher anxiety symptom scores (fixed effects: standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.21; 95% CI, 0.12-0.30; random effects: SMD, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.15-0.35) and higher depression symptom scores (fixed effects: SMD, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.09-0.28; random effects: SMD, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.14-0.37) during childhood. In adulthood, childhood housing insecurity was associated with higher depression symptom scores (SMD, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.00-0.21).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, housing insecurity was associated with anxiety and depression during childhood and with depression during adulthood. Because housing insecurity is a modifiable, policy-relevant factor associated with psychopathology, these results suggest that social policies that support secure housing may be an important prevention strategy.
Association Between Hospital Consolidation and Loss of Pediatric Inpatient Services
Authors: Joseph Allan M. , Davis Billie S. , Kahn Jeremy M.
Published: June 2023

This study examines the association between hospital consolidation and loss of pediatric inpatient services.
Working environment at home and mental health in employees working from home in Japan during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sasaki Natsu , Kuroda Reiko , Mikami Yuta , Tsuno Kanami , Imamura Kotaro , Nishi Daisuke , Kawakami Norito
Published: June 2023

Objectives

This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations of a poor working environment at home with psychological distress and psychosomatic symptoms in employees working from home in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

The data obtained in October 2021 from an online cohort of full-time employees (E- COCO- J) were used. Participants who worked from home for at least some days per month were included. The poor working environment at home was assessed using 11 items based on the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare recommended checklist. The score ranged from 0 to 11. Psychological distress and psychosomatic symptoms were measured by the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ). The associations between total scores of poor working environment and outcomes were examined by multiple regression analysis, adjusted by age, sex, education, living with family, frequencies of working from home, company size, job demand, job control, and workplace social support.

Results

Two hundred twenty-six employees who were working at home were included. The mean of the summed scores of poor working environments at home was 2.75. After adjusting the covariates, summed scores of poor working environments were significantly associated with high psychological distress (standardized β = 0.21, P = .003) and with high psychosomatic symptoms (β = 0.19, P = .005). For each poor environment, lack of ventilation and difficulty staying hydrated or resting were significantly associated with both outcomes.

Conclusions

Even after adjusting for job stressors and support, working environments at home were associated with employees’ mental health. Appropriate measures and education may be needed.
Anisotropy of Young's Modulus of DD6 from 25 to 1200 °C Based on Nondestructive Dynamic Method
Authors: Gu Shuning , Gao Hangshan , Wang Jundong , Li Zhenwei , Wang Xiaoshuai , Shi Qiyan , Wen Zhixun , Yue Zhufeng
Published: June 2023

The Young's modulus is an essential factor for improving turbine blade design. The present study aims to obtain the flexural frequencies (f1) and corresponding dynamic Young's modulus (Ed) of Ni‐based single‐crystal DD6 across a temperature range of 25–1200 °C using a nondestructive dynamic testing method. The relationship between the elastic constants and various crystal orientations is derived by employing the transformation of the elastic matrix. In addition, finite element (FE) simulation is conducted to calculate the flexural frequency (f1) of the [001] crystal orientation. The findings indicate that the dynamic Young's modulus (Ed) decreases as the temperature increases within the range of 25–1200 °C. Furthermore, the Ed values for different crystal orientations follow the trend: Ed[1] < Ed[11] < Ed[111]. This suggests significant anisotropy in the material. The normalized model, matrix transformation calculation method, and finite element method demonstrate high accuracy in predicting the elastic modulus of DD6, as evidenced by the good correspondence between the fitting curves obtained using the normalization method and the test results. These results have practical applications in engineering, particularly in turbine blade design and other applications, and serve as valuable references for mechanical property testing and finite element simulations.
A Janus Molecule for Screen‐Printable Conductive Carbon Ink for Composites with Superior Stretchability
Authors: Zalar Peter , Rubino Lucia , Margani Fatima , Kirchner Gerwin , Raiteri Daniele , Galimberti Maurizio Stefano , Barbera Vincenzina
Published: June 2023

Inspired by decades of research in the compatibilization of fillers into elastomeric composites for high‐performance materials, a novel polyurethane‐based stretchable carbon ink is created by taking advantage of a Janus molecule, 2‐(2,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)propane‐1,3‐diol (serinol pyrrole, SP). SP is used to functionalize the carbon and comonomer in the polymer phase. The use of SPs in both the organic and inorganic phases results in an improved interaction between the two phases. When printed, the functionalized material has a factor 1.5 lower resistance‐strain dependence when compared to its unfunctionalized analogue. This behavior is superior to commercially available carbon inks. To demonstrate the suitability of ink in an industrial application, an all‐printed, elastomer‐based force sensor is fabricated. This “pyrrole methodology” is scalable and broadly applicable, laying the foundation for the realization of printed functionalities with improved electromechanical performance.
In Situ Polymerizing Internal Encapsulation Strategy Enables Stable Perovskite Solar Cells toward Lead Leakage Suppression
Authors: Tian Chuanming , Li Bin , Rui Yichuan , Xiong Hao , Zhao Yu , Han Xuefei , Zhou Xinliang , Qiu Yu , An Wei , Li Kerui , Hou Chengyi , Li Yaogang , Wang Hongzhi , Zhang Qinghong
Published: June 2023

Despite the outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieved over the years, unsatisfactory stability and lead toxicity remain obstacles that limit their competitiveness and large‐scale practical deployment. In this study, in situ polymerizing internal encapsulation (IPIE) is developed as a holistic approach to overcome these challenges. The uniform polymer internal package layer constructed by thermally triggered cross‐linkable monomers not only solidifies the ionic perovskite crystalline by strong electron‐withdrawing/donating chemical sites, but also acts as a water penetration and ion migration barrier to prolong shelf life under harsh environments. The optimized MAPbI3 and FAPbI3 devices with IPIE treatment yield impressive efficiencies of 22.29% and 24.12%, respectively, accompanied by remarkably enhanced environmental and mechanical stabilities. In addition, toxic water‐soluble lead leakage is minimized by the synergetic effect of the physical encapsulation wall and chemical chelation conferred by the IPIE. Hence, this strategy provides a feasible route for preparing efficient, stable, and eco‐friendly PSCs.
Uncovering Original Z Scheme Heterojunctions of COF/MOx (M = Ti, Zn, Zr, Sn, Ce, and Nb) with Ascendant Photocatalytic Selectivity for Virtually 99.9% NO‐to‐NO3− Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Yujiao , Hu Zhao , Zhang Heng , Li Hu , Yang Song
Published: June 2023

Novel Covalent organic skeleton/metal oxide (COF/MOx; M = Ti, Zn, Zr, Sn, Ce, Nb) Z scheme heterojunction is constructed to achieve highly selective oxidation of nitric oxide (NO). Under visible‐light irradiation, the optimized COF/TiO2 (CF/TS0.05) catalyst showed an excellent NO removal rate (64.5%), resulting from the improvement of light absorption performance, the separation efficiency of photoexcited electron‐hole pairs, and O2 activation due to the uniform coating of COF. Meanwhile, the electrons are captured by the adsorbed oxygen to effectively render into superoxide radicals as the main active species, and the corresponding holes are retained at the complex interface due to the hydrophobic COF coating, which extremely reduced the ability of activated water to produce hydroxyl radicals and limited the production of intermediate nitrogen dioxide (NO2), thereby improving the oxidation selectivity toward nitrate (NO3−) at 99.9% in the Z scheme heterojunction. More importantly, other COF/MOx catalysts also exhibited superior selectivity and activity, meaning that this scheme is credited with universality. In short, this study reveals that the generation of only one main reactive oxygen species is enhanced by reasonable control of electron‐hole pair in the new Z scheme heterojunction to significantly increase photocatalytic performance and selectivity.
MBE Grown Vanadium Oxide Thin Films for Enhanced Non‐Enzymatic Glucose Sensing
Authors: Franceschini Filippo , Payo Maria Recaman , Schouteden Koen , Ustarroz Jon , Locquet Jean Pierre , Taurino Irene
Published: June 2023

In the search for non‐enzymatic alternatives to glucose oxidase, reliable and microchip‐compatible approaches to catalyst development are highly desirable. Herein, the electrochemical behavior of thin films of VOx deposited by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on glassy carbon electrodes is reported . A process of partial etching during polarization is observed. Thereafter, highly active and stable traces of VOx act as catalytic centers for glucose electrooxidation. A mechanistic description of the electrochemical process is proposed based on evidence provided by voltammetric measurements. The sensors are calibrated both with potentiometric and amperometric techniques, the former showing a wide linear range (1–10 mM), good sensitivity (14.93 ± 0.39 µA cm−2 × mM–1) and a limit of detection (0.32 m‐M). Unlike most metal oxides, it is shown that VOx on glassy carbon is capable of successfully oxidizing glucose at −0.4 V. Such a one‐of‐kind behavior can have important ramifications for energy‐efficient integrated electrochemical sensors and non‐enzymatic glucose sensing as a whole.
Bacterial Outer Membrane‐Based Biomimetic Immune Adaptors: Mild Immunomodulatory and Bacterial Targeted Delivery Strategy Against Implant‐Related Infections
Authors: Ding Cheng , He Renke , Cheng Tao , Wang Jinxia , Liu Xijian , Guo Geyong , Chen Yunfeng
Published: June 2023

Implant‐related infections (IRIs) are difficult to manage and are a major cause of surgical failure. The formation of biofilms with a solid barrier on the surface of implants and concomitant suppression of the local immune response constitute major challenges for treating IRIs. This study develops a multifunctional biomimetic immune adaptor (Hybrid Membrane@Levo@SiO2; HMLS) generated by loading the antibiotic levofloxacin (Levo) into silica nanoparticles and coating the particles with a hybrid membrane formed from outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Escherichia coli and red blood cell membranes (RBCMs). The HMLS nanoplatform is designed to address the challenges associated with IRIs through a dual‐approach strategy. First, the unique immunogenicity of OMVs regulates the antibacterial immune responses of innate immune cells and reverses the immunosuppressive microenvironment around IRIs. Second, the homotypic targeting effect of OMVs in the hybrid membrane provides HMLS with bacterial targeting functions and efficient bactericidal effects. Additionally, the RBCMs endow the hybrid membrane with mild immunogenicity, which prevents excessive inflammatory stimulation. The synergistic strategy of HMLS exhibits superior antibiofilm effects both in vivo and in vitro, providing a new option for the clinical treatment of refractory IRIs.
Supramolecular Assemblies of Glycopeptides Enhance Gap Junction Maturation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell‐Derived Cardiomyocytes via Inducing Spheroids Formation to Optimize Cardiac Repair
Authors: Li Hekai , Ye Wenyu , Yu Bin , Yan Xin , Lin Yuhui , Zhan Jie , Chen Peier , Song Xudong , Yang Pingzhen , Cai Yanbin
Published: June 2023

Stem cell‐based therapies have demonstrated significant potential for use in heart regeneration. An effective paradigm for heart repair in rodent and large animal models is the transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs). Despite this, the functional and phenotypical immaturity of 2D‐cultured hiPSC‐CMs, particularly their low electrical integration, poses a caveat for clinical translation. In this study, a supramolecular assembly of a glycopeptide containing a cell adhesion motif‐RGD, and saccharide‐glucose (Bio‐Gluc‐RGD) is designed to enable the 3D spheroid formation of hiPSC‐CMs, promoting cell‐cell and cell‐matrix interactions that occur during spontaneous morphogenesis. HiPSC‐CMs in spheroids are prone to be phenotypically mature and developed robust gap junctions via activation of the integrin/ILK/p‐AKT/Gata4 pathway. Monodispersed hiPSC‐CMs encapsulated in the Bio‐Gluc‐RGD hydrogel are more likely to form aggregates and, therefore, survive in the infarcted myocardium of mice, accompanied by more robust gap junction formation in the transplanted cells, and hiPSC‐CMs delivered with the hydrogels also displayed angiogenic effect and anti‐apoptosis capacity in the peri‐infarct area, enhancing their overall therapeutic efficacy in myocardial infarction. Collectively, the findings illustrate a novel concept for modulating hiPSC‐CM maturation by spheroid induction, which has the potential for post‐MI heart regeneration.
Acid and Hypoxia Tandem‐Activatable Deep Near‐Infrared Nanoprobe for Two‐Step Signal Amplification and Early Detection of Cancer
Authors: Zhou Sensen , Jiang Lei , Li Cheng , Mao Hui , Jiang Chunping , Wang Zhongxia , Zheng Xianchuang , Jiang Xiqun
Published: June 2023

The early detection of cancers can significantly change outcomes even with existing treatments. However, ~50% of cancers still cannot be detected until they reach an advanced stage, highlighting the great challenges in the early detection. Here, an ultrasensitive deep near‐infrared (dNIR) nanoprobe that is successively responsive to tumor acidity and hypoxia is reported. It is demonstrated that the new nanoprobe specifically detects tumor hypoxia microenvironment based on deep NIR imaging in ten different types of tumor models using cancer cell lines and patient‐tissue derived xenograft tumors. By combining the acidity and hypoxia specific two‐step signal amplification with a deep NIR detection, the reported nanoprobe enables the ultrasensitive visualization of hundreds of tumor cells or small tumors with a size of 260 µm in whole‐body imaging or 115 µm metastatic lesions in lung imaging. As a result, it reveals that tumor hypoxia can occur as early as the lesions contain only several hundred cancer cells.
Trap‐Assisted Charge Generation and Recombination in State‐of‐the‐Art Organic Photodetectors
Authors: Ma Xiao , Janssen René A. J. , Gelinck Gerwin H.
Published: June 2023

The performance of organic photodetectors is steadily improving, and the specific detectivity, as a key figure of merit, has reached values of 1012–1013 Jones, i.e., comparable to that of silicon diodes but still considerably lower than the intrinsic limit. As with other semiconductor devices, the electrical performance of state‐of‐the art organic photodiodes (OPDs) is presently determined to a high degree by the presence of chemical impurities or structural defects which create carrier trapping states within the bandgap of organic active layer. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and timely account of trap‐assisted charge generation and recombination in OPDs, with emphasis on the impact of these phenomena on photodetector performance parameters such as, noise and dark current density, responsivity, response speed, and ultimately, specific detectivity.
3D Printed Liquid Crystal Polymer Thermosiphon for Heat Transfer under Vacuum
Authors: Seshadri Bharath , Hischier Illias , Masania Kunal , Schlueter Arno
Published: June 2023

A novel approach is presented to 3D print vacuum–tight polymer components using liquid crystal polymers (LCPs). Vacuum–tight components are essential for gas storage and passive heat transfer, but traditional polymer 3D printing methods often suffer from poor interfaces between layers and high free volume, compromising vacuum integrity. By harnessing the unique properties of LCPs, including low free volume and low melt viscosity, highly ordered domains are achieved through nematic alignment of polymer chains. Critical gas–barrier properties are demonstrated, even in thin, single–print line–walled samples ranging from 0.8 to 1.6 mm. A 200 mm evacuated thermosiphon is successfully printed, which exhibits a thermal resistance of up to 2.18 K/W and an effective thermal conductivity of up to 28 W/mK at 60 °C. These values represent a significant increase compared to the base LCP material. Furthermore, the geometric freedom, enabled by 3D printing through the fabrication of complex–shaped thermosiphons, is showcased. The authors study highlights the potential of LCPs as high–performance materials for 3D printing vacuum–tight components with intricate geometries, opening new avenues for functional design. An application of integrating 3D printed thermosiphons as selective heat transfer components in building envelopes is presented, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions mitigation in the construction sector.
Continuous Ultra‐Broadband Near‐Infrared Sc2O3‐Based Nanophosphor Realized by Spectral Bridge of Cr3+‐Yb3+‐Cr4+ for Multiple Optical Applications
Authors: Wang Yining , Shang Mengmeng , Huang Shuai , Sun Yixin , Zhu Yiying , Xing Xiaole , Dang Peipei , Lin Jun
Published: June 2023

Cr3+‐activated near‐infrared (NIR) phosphors are one of the most influential candidates for the new generation of intelligent NIR phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diode (pc‐LED) light sources. For spectral analysis, the broader the spectrum, the more useful information it contains. Herein, ultra‐broadband Cr‐activated Sc2O3 nanophosphors, which exhibit NIR ultra‐broadband from 650 to 1600 nm, are developed by the sol–gel method. This ultra‐broadband emission originates from the presence of Cr3+ and Cr4+, two luminescent centers confirmed by diffuse reflection spectra, electron paramagnetic resonance, time‐resolved photoluminescence spectra, and temperature‐dependent emission spectra. The nanophosphor exhibits excellent temperature‐sensing performance with SA = 4.102% K−1 and SR = 1.855% K−1. Co‐doping Yb3+ into Sc2O3 nanophosphors builds the Cr3+‐Yb3+‐Cr4+ model to bridge the spectral gap located at 1000 nm, forming a continuous NIR ultra‐broadband spectrum ranging from 650 to 1600 nm for the first time. Moreover, the introduction of Yb3+ improves the thermal stability of nanophosphors from 29.49% to 50.65% at 150 °C. The NIR transmission spectra of water, ethanol, and peanut oil demonstrate that Sc2O3:Cr3+‐Yb3+‐Cr4+ NIR nanophosphors favor potential applications in spectral analysis. The construction of a Cr3+‐Yb3+‐Cr4+ spectral bridge for realizing NIR ultra‐broadband phosphors based on cheap blue LEDs provides novel and effective insights.
Regioselective Synthesis of 1,4‐Dienes via Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Allylation of N‐Tosylhydrazones
Authors: Jin Yangbin , Li Chunsheng , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: June 2023

A palladium‐catalyzed allylic C−H oxidative allylation of N‐tosylhydrazones to synthesize skipped 1,4‐dienes is demonstrated. This direct allylic alkylation reaction has excellent site selectivity, tolerates a wide range of functional groups, and affords 1,4‐dienes in moderate to good yield. Moreover, this olefination method allows the regio‐ and stereoselective synthesis of 1,4‐dienes containing a trisubstituted alkene. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction undergoes allylic C(sp3)−H activation and a subsequent carbene migratory insertion.
Confined Synthesis of Amorphous Al2O3 Framework Nanocomposites Based on the Oxygen‐Potential Diagram as Sulfur Hosts for Catalytic Conversion
Authors: Geng Pengbiao , Lin Yuxing , Du Meng , Wu Chunsheng , Luo Tianxing , Peng Yi , Wang Lei , Jiang Xinyuan , Wang Shuli , Zhang Xiuyun , Ni Lubin , Chen Shuangqiang , Shakouri Mohsen , Pang Huan
Published: June 2023

Sulfur cathodes in Li–S batteries suffer significant volumetric expansion and lack of catalytic activity for polysulfide conversion. In this study, a confined self‐reduction synthetic route is developed for preparing nanocomposites using diverse metal ions (Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+)‐introduced Al‐MIL‐96 as precursors. The Ni2+‐introduced Al‐MIL‐96‐derived nanocomposite contains a “hardness unit”, amorphous aluminum oxide framework, to restrain the volumetric expansion, and a “softness unit”, Ni nanocrystals, to improve the catalytic activity. The oxygen‐potential diagram theoretically explains why Ni2+ is preferentially reduced. Postmortem microstructure characterization confirms the suppressive volume expansion. The in situ ultraviolet–visible measurements are performed to probe the catalytic activity of polysulfide conversion. This study provides a new perspective for designing nanocomposites with “hardness units” and “softness units” as sulfur or other catalyst hosts.
Association between infectious exposures in infancy and epigenetic age acceleration in young adulthood in metropolitan Cebu, Philippines
Authors: McDade Thomas W. , Ryan Calen P. , Adair Linda S. , Lee Nanette R. , Carba Delia B. , MacIsaac Julia L. , Dever Kristy , Atashzay Parmida , Kobor Michael S. , Kuzawa Christopher W.
Published: June 2023

Objectives

The drivers of human life expectancy gains over the past 200 years are not well‐established, with a potential role for historical reductions in infectious disease. We investigate whether infectious exposures in infancy predict biological aging using DNA methylation‐based markers that forecast patterns of morbidity and mortality later in life.

Methods

N = 1450 participants from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey—a prospective birth cohort initiated in 1983—provided complete data for the analyses. Mean chronological age was 20.9 years when venous whole blood samples were drawn for DNA extraction and methylation analysis, with subsequent calculation of three epigenetic age markers: Horvath, GrimAge, and DunedinPACE. Unadjusted and adjusted least squares regression models were evaluated to test the hypothesis that infectious exposures in infancy are associated with epigenetic age.

Results

Birth in the dry season, a proxy measure for increased infectious exposure in the first year of life, as well as the number of symptomatic infections in the first year of infancy, predicted lower epigenetic age. Infectious exposures were associated with the distribution of white blood cells in adulthood, which were also associated with measures of epigenetic age.

Conclusions

We document negative associations between measures of infectious exposure in infancy and DNA methylation‐based measures of aging. Additional research, across a wider range of epidemiological settings, is needed to clarify the role of infectious disease in shaping immunophenotypes and trajectories of biological aging and human life expectancy.
Cerebral edema associated with diabetic ketoacidosis: Two case reports
Authors: Namatame Kaoru , Igarashi Yutaka , Nakae Ryuta , Suzuki Go , Shiota Kohei , Miyake Nodoka , Ishii Hiromoto , Yokobori Shoji
Published: June 2023

Background

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is associated with a high mortality rate, especially if cerebral edema develops during the disease course. It is rarer and more severe in adults than in children. We present cases of two patients with cerebral edema‐related DKA.

Case presentation

The first patient was a 38‐year‐old man with diabetes mellitus who presented with DKA‐related disturbed consciousness. Although glycemic correction was performed slowly, he showed pupil dilation 11 h later. He underwent emergency ventricular drainage, but died of cerebral herniation. The second patient was a 25‐year‐old woman who presented with impaired consciousness secondary to DKA. Head computed tomography showed subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral edema. No related intraoperative findings were observed; it was concluded that the first computed tomography scan revealed pseudo‐subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Conclusion

Diabetic ketoacidosis‐related cerebral edema develops despite treatment according to guidelines and is difficult to predict. Therefore, adult patients should be treated cautiously during DKA management.