bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aggressive or Not? Experimenting with Fracturing Design and Fluids in Pursuit of Better Return
Authors: Nikolaev Max , Zhao Haiyan , Christanti Yenny , Makarychev-Mikhailov Sergey
Published: October 2018

Unconventional plays in the US continue to be the biggest experiment in the history of the oil and gas industry. Particularly in the current market conditions of volatile oil prices, operators continue to introduce methods to maximize the efficiency of their operations. We examined the methods of adopting an aggressive approach to optimizing stimulation design to lower the breakeven level of operations and evaluated the results.

Public data were deciphered in a way they could be interpreted to the level of granularity sufficient to conclude an effect of certain fracturing techniques of different operators and to compare on a similar scale measures that had been taken to improve fracturing design. Various analytical and statistical tools were employed to handle the large amount of data in both unaltered and normalized ways to demonstrate the trends in different US basins.

Operators made significant improvement in production by changing parameters in the fracturing and completion design strategy, including, but not limited to, the amount of water used, the amount of sand pumped, stage spacing, maximum sand concentration, and fracturing fluid selection. However, the challenge remains of determining whether the design is indeed optimum. This paper addresses the importance of aggressive design, its evolution, and enablement technologies.
Identification of Zones of Abnormal Pressures and Determination of the Mechanical Properties of the Rock Through Pseudo-Sonic and Pseudo-Density Logs in Conventional and Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: González José W , Valdez Ronny , Torres Juan , Medina Francisco
Published: October 2018

The objective of the work is to identify zones of abnormal pressures and determine the dynamic mechanical properties of the rock in wells without information of sonic and density logs. In the area of study, geomechanical problems have been detected in intermediate hole sections that make it difficult for drilling operations, thus generating non-productive times. Density log (ρb), compressional sonic log (Δtc) and shear sonic log (Δts) are essential to attack this problem and provide possible solutions.

To determine the pseudo-sonics logs, it was necessary to modify the correlation of L.Y. Faust (1951), introducing a third variable, the clay volume, it was called Faust Modified Correlation. The pseudo-density log was obtained from the G.H.F. Gardner adjusted correlation (1974). The zones of abnormal pressures were identified by comparing the normal compaction train of the sonic log (Δtcn) with the compressional sonic log (Δtc). And finally the dynamic mechanical properties of the rock were determined such as Poisson's ratio (n), Shear modulus (μ), Bulk modulus (K), Young's modulus (E) and Bulk compressibility (C).

The Faust modified correlation showed excellent results of compresional sonic logs, obtaining a correlation coefficient of 93%. The Gardner adjusted correlation as a function of the P wave velocity obtained good results of density logs, with a correlation coefficient of 94%. The zones of abnormal pressures were identified towards the Miocene base with an average pore pressure of 9.17 ppg. In the Pliocene and Miocene high Poisson's ratio was determined that varies between 0.28 and 0.36, and low Young's modulus between 0.85 and 5 Mpsi, this indicates that the rocks are deformed more easily. In the Eocene and Cretaceous, low Poisson's ratio was determined between 0.21 and 0.27, and high Young's modulus between 6.1 and 10 Mpsi, this indicates that the rocks do not easily deform.

In addition, the velocity models of the P wave and S wave (VP and VS) were simplified through graphical methods, where VP is a function of the Bulk modulus (K) and Shear modulus (μ), while VS is a function of the Shear modulus (μ). From these models, cubes of Lamé's parameters (λ, μ), elastic properties and S wave velocity were determined using the velocity cube of the RMS compressional wave of seismic as input data to generate cubes of clay volume and fluid saturation with the purpose of looking for opportunities in exploration areas.
Smart Water Flooding: An Economic Evaluation and Optimization
Authors: Sadeed Ahmed , Tariq Zeeshan , Janjua Anneq Nasir , Asad Abdul , Hossain M. Enamul
Published: October 2018

Smart water (or low salinity water) flooding has been an emerging technology in the petroleum industry since last two decades. Low capital cost and operating expenses of this flooding make it attractive for the petroleum industry. This paper examines the economic feasibility of the injection of smart water and compares with other conventional water flooding techniques. Optimization has also been done with different dilution schemes through particle swarm optimization.

This study analyzes the effect of smart water and sequential dilution of injected sea water through reservoir modeling. A three-dimensional black oil reservoir model is developed by using ECLIPSE 100. In addition, this study presents the economic feasibility of the injection of smart water and compares with other conventional water flooding techniques. The study is divided into four cases: i) oil is produced without water flooding, ii) formation water is injected in the reservoir, iii) sea water is injected in the reservoir, and iv) water injection is taken place by sequential dilution of high salinity water. In each case, economic evaluation is completed by calculating the costs and revenues generated by water injection, and oil prod uction.

The results show that sea water injection did not give additional oil recovery compared to formation water injection for our case. However, additional results show that sequential dilution flood recovers more oil than sea water and formation water injection. Moreover, five main parameters are optimized such as number of cycles of different salinities, duration of various cycles, salinity values for different cycles, injection rate and production rate. Optimization results show even better results than sequential dilution. The optimization also shows that the additional oil recovery is achieved when the dilution sequence is altered. This outcome illustrates that increased oil recovery is not only dependent on step wise reduction of sea water salinity but also with the variation of dilution pattern.

This paper presents a novel technique for the reservoir engineers to study smart water flooding with different perspective. Sequential dilution has been an acceptable technique for increasing oil recovery. However, change of the dilution pattern could be a good alternative and thus provides a cost-effective technique as compared to sequential dilution.
State of the Art on Porosity and Permeability Hysteresis: Useful Techniques for Hydrocarbon Recovery
Authors: Elhaj Murtada A. , Barri Assad , Hashan Mahamudul , Hossain M. Enamul
Published: October 2018

Recently, experimental and mathematical studies helped researchers to investigate and understand the fundamentals of hysteresis behavior in rock properties. Porosity and permeability are the two of the most important rock properties that are used to characterize the ability to store and transport hydrocarbons in porous media. Hysteresis plays an essential role in porous media and depends on several physical and mechanical properties. In petroleum and geomechanics engineering, understanding hysteresis behavior of porosity and permeability is required for hydrocarbon production plan. Numerous mathematical and experimental studies have been conducted to understand the effect of hysteresis on rock properties, and how they can play a role in improving the productivity of well. Therefore, it is essential to study hysteresis of rock properties, especially porosity and permeability.

This paper presents a comprehensive review and critical analysis of porosity and permeability hysteresis, experimental and mathematical studies. In this paper, an effort to bring together much of this information into one source is highlighted for a better understanding of reservoir performance and description. Moreover, this paper tracks the current development on hysteresis and gives some insight for future studies on the application of hysteresis on rock properties.

This article offers an extensive review and critical analysis on different kinds of hysteresis phenomenon of permeability and porosity such as porosity-permeability vs. net stress hysteresis, and porosity-permeability vs. temperature hysteresis. The review also includes mathematical models that are developed to represent this phenomenon as well as procedures of the experimental works and the devices used in the experimental studies. The finding concludes with highlighting some missing concepts in existing models and experimental procedures for porosity and permeability hysteresis. In the literature, no attempt is made to refer and review the hysteresis despite numerous works have been accomplished. Based on this fact, this article considers one of a kind and it is the first attempt to provide a complete and comprehensive review of porosity and permeability hysteresis.

This research will help in understanding the impact of a hysteresis effect in petroleum engineering, and the production strategies of hydrocarbons specifically in low-permeability reservoirs such as shale, tight sandstone, and tight carbonates.
Non-Archie Rock Characterization Using Triple Porosity Conductivity Model in Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Tariq Zeeshan , Mahmoud Mohamed , Al-Yousef Hasan , Khan Mohammad Rasheed
Published: October 2018

Rocks can be classified as "Archie" or "non-Archie" types depending on the relationship between pore geometry, resistivity, and porosity. Carbonate reservoirs have complex pore networks and Archie's law cannot be applied to estimate the water saturation in these types of reservoirs. Several models for complicated porosity systems have been proposed, to determine the water saturation based on the well logs and laboratory experimental data. A mathematical model (such as Archie's equation) which appropriately describes the conduction of a specific rock depends on the conduction mechanism. The conduction mechanism, in turn, is determined by pore geometry as well as nongeometric factors such as wettability and the presence of conductive or surface conductive minerals. In general, the measured (Resistivity Index) RI curves cannot be described by an Archie's law and the measurements at very low saturation are often a key observation to confirm a non-Archie behavior.

A large variety of shapes can be observed. These shapes can be explained qualitatively and quantitatively using two model's dual porosity conductivity model and triple porosity conductivity model (DPC and TPC) in which the different porosity systems are connected either in series or in parallel, or a combination of both. Hence, only two of three adjustable parameters are needed to model the experimental results.

In this work, a triple porosity systems saturation models are presented. This model can be used to determine the water saturation based on combined NMR/log data, NMR measurements are used to obtain the volume fraction of each pore network (Macro, Meso and Micro pores). Moreover, the factors affecting the electrical parameters are thoroughly investigated, such as; cementation factor, lithology constant, and saturation exponents. The relations between these parameters and the petrophysical properties are explained. A sensitivity analysis is performed to show the effect of each parameter on the resistivity index (RI) curves. A simple procedure is proposed to estimate the conductivity ratio between each of the two and three networks based on the lab data, using this approach the ratio of saturation exponents can be determined, which further reduces the number parameters needed to be fitted to one, and consequently improving the model's accuracy. The proposed model for triple porosity systems has been validated by employing published investigational data which had RI versus water saturation curves; the result of this validation produces adequate match between actual data and those predicted using the new model.. The new model for Non-Archie rock has been developed which can help petrophysicist to find the water saturation based on resistivity properties in and triple porosity systems with greater level of certainty.
Wireless Sensor Network System for Coastal Area Monitoring
Authors: Idachaba Francis Enejo
Published: October 2018

Coastal areas are very sensitive and vital areas as the provide habitation for the aquatic life in those regions. These areas contain a diverse array of aquatic life with rare and indigenous species which are delicate and can go into extinction if not protected. The advent of offshore and shallow water oil and gas processing in these areas exposes the aquatic life to the hazards associated with these oil and gas processes. The most critical of these hazards in oil spills. Oil spills can be defined as a release of oil into the environment due to a loss of containment of the transport medium. The spills can vary in volume and as such trigger different response mechanisms. Spills from pinhole leaks or leaks due to crude oil discharges from transport vessels are often difficult to detect and these discharges if not quickly detected and contained has the capacity to impact and destroy both the plant and aquatic life in the coastal areas. This work presents the design of a real time wireless sensor network system for monitoring the aquatic environment in coastal areas. It is implemented using sensors immersed in the aquatic environments. These sensors monitor the chemicals and the PH values of the coastal areas and send alerts in real time to the monitoring centers whenever the threshold for any of the monitored contaminants are exceeded. The system is designed to utilize the available communication technology to transmit the alerts to the control center. This system will enable the relevant authorities have a real time information on the chemical contaminants in their coastal areas and also provide alerts in the event of the dumping of hazardous waste products and enable the deployment of the appropriate response mechanisms to protect both the plant and aquatic life of these areas.
Corrosion Measurement in Oil and Gas Pipeline: A Mathematical Model Approach
Authors: Nwachukwu Ifeanyi Bobby
Published: October 2018

Corrosion is a major flow assurance problem in the oil and gas industry, various researches have been carried out to prevent or mitigate the effect of corrosion in the industry. This study considered corrosion measurement in acidic system (CO2, H2S, CO2-H2S Systems) four basic corrosion measurement models; Electrochemical model, De-Waard Model, George De-Waard Nesic Model and the Norsok Thermal/Hydraulic model, to calculate the corrosion rate and severity level of oil or gas pipeline. The models calculate the corrosion rate of the pipeline in mm/year, thereby making provision for easy estimation of oil or gas pipeline life thus proffers solutions to corrosion problems in time and prevents sudden damage to pipelines. Based on the Field Data used the NHT model shows a Severity level of 3, average severity index of 3.527462 and average absolute deviation(%AAD) of 29.1474% whereas the GDN model shows a severity level of 3, average severity index of 3.7325 and %AAD of 53.161%, the Electrochemical Model (ECM) shows a severity level of 2 and Severity index 3.047079 and %AAD of 70.7653% and De Waard a Severity level of 4 and a Severity Index 4.646465 and %AAD of 95.3401. Which ranks Norsok Thermal Hydraulic Model first in the list followed by George De-Waard Nesic Model, and then the Electrochemical model and lastly the De-Waard Model.
Estimation of Horizontal-Well Productivity Loss Caused by Formation Damage on the Basis of Numerical Modeling and Laboratory-Testing Data
Authors: Vodorezov Dmitry D.
Published: October 2018

This paper presents a new numerical model of inflow to a well with a zone of damaged permeability. It is built on the principle of dividing the wellbore and damaged permeability zone into numerous segments. Simultaneous work of the segments is modeled with the method of velocity-potential theory. The model is applicable for wellbores of different trajectories including horizontal and multilateral wells. The model is focused on the extended application of results obtained during laboratory core testing that include a return-permeability (RP) profile of the core and cleanup parameters. The developed solution includes the effects of anisotropy, reservoir-boundary conditions, and a nonuniform distribution of formation damage in both radial and axial directions. The paper presents the new approach to include depth-variable distribution of damage in skin-factor models. The approach provides for the evaluation of pressure drop in a depth-variable damage zone by the resulting permeability that is defined by flow regime. Laboratory-obtained overall core permeability is associated with a linear flow, and when applied to a zone near the wellbore with radial or elliptic flow, it causes an error because of the depth-variable distribution of damage. The provided numerical simulations show that the impact of this factor on horizontal-well productivity is significant. The developed model is compared with existing analytical solutions of Furui et al. (2002) (FZH) and Frick and Economides (1993) (FE) for the case of a horizontal well with a cone-shaped damaged zone. The results show that a skin-factor transformation originally proposed by Renard and Dupuy (1991) for a case of a uniformly damaged well can be used successfully for the referred-to analytical solutions, which makes them applicable for wells with an elliptic drainage area. In this paper, we also suggest an approach whereby we relate the characteristics of the cleanup of the region near the wellbore to laboratory-testing conditions.
Rheological Demonstration of Heavy Oil Viscosity Reduction by NiO/SiO2 Nanoparticles-Assisted Ultrasound Cavitation
Authors: Pinzón Daniel Montes
Published: October 2018

The increasing world energy demand has derived in the consumption of conventional sources of energy, leading to a rise in non-conventional resources such as heavy oils (HO). Nevertheless, the HO physicochemical properties such as high viscosity, are related to significant operational issues in production and transport processes. Thus, the main objective of this study is the HO viscosity reduction through a novel cracking reactions method prompted by an ultrasound cavitation technique assisted with nickel oxide nanoparticles functionalized over nanoparticulated silica (SiNi) as catalysts, and water as a hydrogen donor for enhancing the cracking reactions, fomenting the conversion of the crude oil heavy compounds (asphaltenes) into lighter sub-components. An HO with 17.02% of asphaltenes content was used for carrying out the tests. Along the study, there were identified several viscosity reduction mechanisms related with asphaltenes adsorption onto SiNi nanoparticles surface affecting the fluid internal structure, as well as the reduction of the crude oil asphaltenes content due to its conversion into lighter components. These mechanisms were widely explained by a phenomenological approach through rheological behavior measurements and modeling, which also provide a better understanding of the treatment effect in the HO mobility and an increased transport capacity. The viscosity measurements were realized upon nanoparticles and gasoline addition, and ultrasound cavitation separately. The ultrasound cavitation submission time was evaluated, with better results as the exposure time increased. The effect of nanoparticles concentration was also assessed, obtaining high degrees of viscosity reduction with nanoparticles dosages = 2000 mg/L. After the complete treatment application, an asphaltenes content reduction greater than 15% was observed with a viscosity reduction degree (VRD) up to 50% at a fixed shear rate of 20 s-1. This study should open a wider landscape about the use of nanotechnology for improving the production and transport of heavy oils.
Integrated Resource Estimation and Field Development Workflow for Unconventional Reservoirs Using Reservoir Simulation and Economic Analysis Tools: A Case Study from a Shale Well in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsadoun Reem
Published: October 2018

Unlike conventional reservoirs, unconventional shale reservoirs have significantly lower permeabilities and therefore exhibit transient behavior for longer periods of time, creating uncertainty in reservoir parameters during simulation. Currently, there is no standard industry technique to assess gas deliverability in unconventional reservoirs. The aim of this paper is to present a workflow to calculate Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR) and optimize field development that was applied for a multistage fractured horizontal well in a shale play in Saudi Arabia. The workflow starts with using a combination of Decline Curve Analysis (DCA) and Rate Transient Analysis (RTA) methods performed with reservoir simulation software. To achieve an initial estimate of the EUR, we employed the following decline curve models: Stretched Exponential and Duong. After establishing a range of EUR values, a history match was carried out by varying porosity, permeability, stage number, fracture half-length, lateral length, and the Stimulated Reservoir Volume (SRV). We then performed a numerical simulation, where reservoir properties and compeletion pamaters were altered until the simulated data matched the production data. We then performed a sensitivity analysis on the results where the reservoir and well parameters were changed and compared against the cumulative gas production to assess the influence of each parameter on well deliverability while considering the economics of such sensitivities. The economic analysis was carried out by calculating the Net Present Value (NPV), which is dependent on the gas rate, shrinkage, and price, and stimulation and operation costs. The economic evaluation was then carried out by sensitizing different completion parameters, which were then determined for subsequent wells in the area. The results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that increasing the fracture half-length has the most significant impact on the gas production when compared to other completion parameters such as the number of fractured stages. The proposed workflow can be used to determine the EUR and the optimum field development plan for an unconventional shale well in Saudi Arabia to maximize gas production while reducing costs. The workflow can be also used, through the suggested tools, to improve our understanding of the behavior of unconventional gas plays
Evaluating Nonequilibrium Solute Transport through Four Soils of Pakistan using a HYDRUS Model and Nonparametric Indices
Authors: Rukh Shah , Akhtar Mohammad S. , Mehmood Ayaz , Hoghooghi Nahal , Radcliffe David E.
Published: October 2018

Core Ideas

Soil structure with a large volume of small macropores has greater preferential transport.

Nonparametric indices differentiated the soils with preferential transport.

Chemical non‐equilibrium under unsaturated flow diminished fast in coarse blocky soil.

Leaching experiments in soil under different saturations show inconsistent results regarding preferential flow, and therefore further investigations are needed. The comparative degree of non‐equilibrium flow of chloride (Cl) was evaluated using replicated large intact columns taken from two alluvial (Rawal, Typic Hapludalfs and Kotli, Entic Haplusterts) and two loess (Guliana, Udic Haplustalfs and Mansehra, Typic Hapludalfs) soils that differed in structure below 20 cm depth. Lithium chloride (3.5 mM) was pulsed with constant flows generated by heads 10, −10, −40 mm water; Cl breakthroughs were fit into a physical non‐equilibrium model with no sorption; and lithium (Li) breakthroughs (measured for the two loess soils) were fit into a physical and chemical non‐equilibrium model using HYDRUS‐1D. The Cl breakthrough curves were highly skewed, with immobile water contents in the range of 0.10 to 0.39 cm3cm–3, indicating that physical nonequilibrium occurred under saturated flow as well as under unsaturated conditions. The nonparametric indicators (i.e., apparent dispersivity, the piston flow to Cl velocity ratio, the holdback factor, and the arrival time of the first 5% of Cl) indicated a greater strength of preferential flow in the Rawal and Guliana soils, which had more well‐connected pores than the Kotli and Mansehra soils, which had fewer macropores and dense aggregates. Lithium breakthrough occurred under chemical non‐equilibrium, which diminished with desaturation, especially in the Mansehra soil. There were two sources of preferential flow: (i) macropore flow under saturated conditions and (ii) bypass flow in the matrix due to regions of disconnected water under unsaturated conditions. The study results will help understand leaching potential of agro‐chemicals in similar soils.
Summary of Advances in Heat‐Pulse Methods: Measuring Near‐Surface Soil Water Content
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Ren Tusheng , Heitman Joshua , Horton Robert
Published: October 2018

Core Ideas

Describes the method for determining near‐surface water content with heat pulse sensors.

Temperature data prior to a heat‐pulse are used to reduce ambient temperature effects.

The PILS–ABC model is used to minimize errors because of the soil–air interface.

Surface layer soil water content is important for evaporation, surface energy balance, seed germination, residue decomposition, microbial activity, and many other biological, chemical, and physical processes. The standard method (i.e., the gravimetric method) for measuring soil water content requires destructive sampling and is unsuitable for continuous measurement. Techniques such as neutron thermalization and time domain reflectometry suffer relatively large errors in measuring soil water content near the surface. In a recent Methods of Soil Analysis article, the authors present the principles and procedures for using a heat‐pulse sensor to determine near‐surface soil water content.
Confounders for Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Admission ın Neonates of Mothers with Preeclampsia
Authors: Kilicci Cetin , Yayla Abide Cigdem , Ozkaya Enis , Bostancı Ergen Evrim , Yenidede İlter , Baksu Neriman Basak , Karakus Resul , Kucukoglu Seda
Published: October 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of some maternal and neonatal clinical parameters on the neonatal intensive care unit admission rates of neonates born to mothers who had preeclampsia. Study Design: Study included 402 singleton pregnant women with preeclampsia who admitted to Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit of Zeynep Kamil Children and Women’s Health Training and Research Hospital. Pregnancies with uterine rupture, chorioamnionitis and congenital malformations were excluded. Some maternal and neonatal clinical characteristics were assessed to predict neonatal intensive care unit admission.Results: Among 402 neonates, 140 (35%) of them had an indication for neonatal intensive care unit admission, among 140 neonates, 136 (97%) of them were preterm neonates. Comparison of groups with and without neonatal intensive care unit admission indicated significant differences between groups in terms of gestational age, Apgar scores at 1st and 5th minutes, birth weight, some maternal laboratory parameters (Hemoglobin, hematocrit, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin). In multivariate analysis, among all study population, gestational age at delivery, birth weight and Apgar scores were found to be significantly associated with neonatal intensive care unit admission. On the other hand, in subgroup of term neonates, none of the variables was shown to be associated with neonatal intensive care unit admission.Conclusion: Gestational age at delivery and the birth weight are the main risk factors for neonatal intensive care unit admission of neonates born to mothers who had preeclampsia.
Novel biofilm reactor for denitrification of municipal wastewater
Authors: Rathnaweera S. S. , Rusten B. , Korczyk K. , Helland B. , Rismyhr E.
Published: October 2018

A pilot-scale CFIC® (continuous flow intermittent cleaning) reactor was run in anoxic conditions to study denitrification of wastewater. The CFIC process has already proven its capabilities for biological oxygen demand removal with a small footprint, less energy consumption and low cost. The present study focused on the applicability for denitrification. Both pre-denitrification (pre-DN) and post-denitrification (post-DN) were tested. A mixture of primary treated wastewater and nitrified wastewater was used for pre-DN and nitrified wastewater with ethanol as a carbon source was used for post-DN. The pre-DN process was carbon limited and removal rates of only 0.16 to 0.74 g NOx-N/m²-d were obtained. With post-DN and an external carbon source, 0.68 to 2.2 g NO3-Neq/m²-d removal rates were obtained. The carrier bed functioned as a good filter for both the larger particles coming with influent water and the bio-solids produced in the reactor. Total suspended solids removal in the reactor varied from 20% to 78% (average 45%) during post-DN testing period and 9% to 70% (average 29%) for pre-DN. The results showed that the forward flow washing improves both the DN function and filtration ability of the reactor.
Quantitative Structure-activity Relationship of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors based on mRMR Combined with Support Vector Regression
Authors: Wu Jiaxiang , Mai Guozhao , Deng Bowen , Younseo Jeong , Du Dongsu , Chen Fuxue , Ma Qiaorong
Published: October 2018

In this work, support vector regression (SVR), an effective machine learning method, proposed by Vapnik was applied to establish QSAR model for a series of AchEI. Fourteen descriptors were selected for constructing the SVR mode by using mRMR-Forward feature selection method. The parameters (ε, C) were adjusted by leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) method which was used to judge the predictive power of different models. After optimization, one optimal SVR-QSAR model was attained, and the mean relative errors (MRE) of LOOCV by using SVR is 1.72%. As a result, LogP negatively affected the activity, Refractivity and Water Accessible Surface Area positively affected the activity.
Pharmacological Exploitation of Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs as Potential Sources of Novel Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Yimer Ebrahim M. , Mohammed Ousman A. , Mohammedseid Seid I.
Published: October 2018

The ever-increasing threat of bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance calls for a global effort to deal with this problem. This fast and universal dissemination of antimicrobialresistant bacterial strains resulted in the diminution of therapeutic alternatives for various infectious diseases. Besides, the unaffordability of efficacious antimicrobials coupled with the occurrence of unpleasant adverse effects calls for the exploration of alternative agents with possible antibacterial effect. All these challenges of microbes have posed new drives to the scientific communities. Researchers are now assessing the possible alternative antimicrobial agents for fighting bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, this review emphasizes on the role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents as potential sources of novel antibacterial agents on which preliminary studies and randomized controlled trials had been performed. The review also deals with the possible antibacterial mechanism of actions and the likely effects of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs when combined along with conventional antibacterial agents.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Pengenalan Cerita Rakyat Timun Mas Berbasis Game 3D
Authors: Fathoni Kholid , Hasim Jauari Akhmad Nur , Fathony Muhammad Zakky , Hakkun Rizky Yuniar , Asmara Rengga
Published: October 2018

Indonesia is a country that has diverse cultures such as folklore. At this time many folklore is increasingly forgotten especially by the younger generation, one of them is Timun Mas. This raises concerns about the extinction of Timun Mas folklore as Indonesia's cultural heritage. The cause of the younger generation to forget the folklore is due to unattractive packaging, as well as the entry of various games that come from outside which can also carry the content of foreign cultures. Therefore required a media that can pack the folklore so interesting to learn by the younger generation. The author gives an idea how to package the folklore of Timun Mas so interesting by using 3D gaming technology as an alternative of learning media. Folklore of Timun Mas is visualized in the game as interesting characters, appropriate gaming environment, and supported graphics and audio capabilities are sufficient. By using 3D games technology, users can play games that contain learning so that users will not feel bored. The results of this experimental study show that Timun Mas game can run on desktop devices, all 3D characters can be implemented properly. From the results of user surveys also shows that this game can serve as a learning medium, easy to use and has an attractive appearance.
Los militares estratégicos y la reformulación del pensamiento militar. Guatemala 1978-1986.
Authors: Sala Laura Yanina
Published: October 2018

En este artículo se analiza la reformulación del pensamiento militar guatemalteco que emergió en el marco de la crisis del orden político de fines de los años setenta. Plantea que dicha reformulación, guiada por los oficiales estratégicos, constituye una de las condiciones que posibili- taron el proceso de instalación de la democracia contrasubversiva en Guatemala. A partir de la consulta de fuentes primarias, aún no utilizadas como las Tesis de Ascenso de oficiales del Centro de Estudios Militares, el artículo da cuenta que dicha reformulación abarcó tres tópicos centrales: el replanteo del “problema subversivo” (sus causas, características y respuestas a la “guerra subversiva”), el profesionalismo militar y una reflexión práctica sobre los peligros de ejercer el gobierno político. El trabajo muestra que esos tres aspectos fueron el sustento argumentativo que sirvió de base a los estratégicos para impulsar la llamada “transición a la democracia”.  Abstract: This paper analyzes the reformulation of Guatemalan military thought that emerged within the framework of the political crisis in the late seventies. It argues that this reform, led by the strategic officers, is one of the conditions that made possible the installation of counter subversion democracy in Guatemala. Based on sources not used before, such as the dissertations for the promotion of officers in the Center for Military Studies, the paper makes it clear that said reform inclu- ded three central issues: the restatement of the “subversive problem” (its origins, its characteristics and responses to the “subversive war”); military professionalism and practical reflections on the dangers of political government. These three aspects, as the article shows, were the argumentative basis that served the strategic officials to promote the so-called “transition to democracy”.
Tradiciones políticas y hegemonía. Hacia lo plurinacional-popular en Bolivia
Authors: Quiroga Maria Virginia
Published: October 2018

Resumen: En toda identidad política es posible reconocer las huellas del contexto en que se inscribe, las cuales se visibilizarían en la apropiación y re-significación de discursos previamente sedimentados. Bajo esa premisa emerge la pregunta por las tradiciones políticas que subyacen en el “proceso de cambio” operado en Bolivia desde el 2006 en adelante. Este artículo parte de reafirmar que, en ese devenir, la tradición nacional-popular adquirió renovada centralidad, ya que hegemonizó el campo popular boliviano pero mantuvo distancia de la impronta del nacionalismo revolucionario en 1952. En consonancia con ello, las reconfiguraciones actuales abonarían la construcción de una hegemonía plurinacional-popular, no exenta de desafíos y tensiones. El análisis propuesto evidencia movimientos constantes, desde la empiria hacia la teoría, y viceversa; esto es, la articulación permanente entre la reconstrucción de procesos políticos clave en la historia boliviana y las apreciaciones teóricas en torno a lo nacional-popular y las identidades políticas.Abstract: In every political identity it is possible to recognize the fingerprints of the context in which it is inscribed, those that will be visible in the appropriation and resignification of previously sedimented speeches. From such premise rises the quest for the political traditions that that underlie in the proceso de cambio operated in Bolivia from 2006 on. This paper parts form the reaffirmation that, in such development, the national-popular tradition gained a renovated centrality, for it took hold of the Bolivian popular spectrum, but, at the same time, kept distance from the experience of the revolutionary nationalism in 1952. In accordance with this, the current reconfigurations contribute to build a plurinational-popular hegemony, not exempt of challenges and tensions. Consequently, nowadays reconfigurations would help grow a construction of a plurinational-popular hegemony not free of tensions and challenges. The analysis proposed makes evident constant movements from the experience to the theory, and vice versa; that is, the permanent articulation between the reconstruction of key political processes along Bolivian history and some theoretical perspectives of the national-popular tradition and political identities.
Perfil de la migración interna en Costa Rica pre y post aprobación Tratado de Libre Comercio entre Estados Unidos, Centroamérica y República Dominicana
Authors: Solís Bastos Laura
Published: October 2018

Este artículo se enfoca en el análisis de los datos censales de las rondas de 2000 y 2011 para la caracterización del perfil de la migración interna antes y después de la aprobación en Costa Rica del TLC. Los resultados muestran que tanto en flujos migratorios, como en las etapas migratorias no se encontraron diferencias significativas en los resultados obtenidos. Históricamente en el estudio de las migraciones, el empleo es uno de los principales motivos para la movilidad poblacional; asimismo, fue uno de los argumentos más relevantes en la negociación del TLC, al igual que durante la campaña del referéndum, con lo que el postulado trabajo para todos los costarricenses parece quedar como una promesa de campaña que aún no se materializa.
Violencias interseccionales y espiritualidades en la vida de mujeres mesoamericanas como problema teórico-práctico
Authors: Núñez Picado Dagoberto
Published: October 2018

La articulación teoría-práctica puede ser comprendida desde la distinción que Herrera Flores establece entre “el otro generalizado” y “el otro concreto” para indicar que en el fondo lo teórico-práctico remite a comprensión de sujetos humanos encarnados socio-históricamente. Desde este enfoque, dicha articulación nos permite comprender la relación entre violencias interseccionales y espiritualidades de mujeres mesoamericanas siguiendo genealogías del Centro de Comunicación Voces Nuestras produjo (2002-2013). Se trata de fundamentar que estas violencias interseccionales pueden ser vistas a partir de las respuestas emancipatorias de lucha y resistencia por parte de estas mujeres. Estas respuestas equivalen a espiritualidades en tanto condensan fuentes de autoridad espiritual, esquemas de certidumbre y estilos particulares en los proyectos de vida de estas mujeres.
Los nuevos frutos de oro. Aparato productivo de piña y naranja en la Zona Norte, Costa Rica (1974-2015)
Authors: Arias Campos Luis Diego , Retana Céspedes Juan Manuel , Torres Sandí Daniel , Peña Rivera Lidia
Published: October 2018

Se analiza la evolución piñera y naranjera en la Zona Norte Norte, mediante la construcción del aparato productivo mediante la prosopografía y la metodología relacional de los derechos humanos. El modelo de desarrollo implementado desde los ochenta ha facilitado la instalación de compañías agroindustriales para la exportación, con unos US$101 millones de naranja y unos US$800 millones de piña para 2015, principalmente en el norte, y acumuladas en pocas élites-personas con gran influencia política y económica. Esto incide para que esta sea una de las zonas agroindustrialmente más productivas y, al mismo tiempo, una de las de mayor desigualdad y pobreza. Se vuelve necesario enfrentar las adversas situaciones con acompañamientos alternativos ligados a la autonomía alimentaria y laboral.
Agua-Territorio en América Latina: Contribuciones a partir del análisis de estudios sobre conflictos hídricos en Chile
Authors: Panez Pinto Alexander
Published: October 2018

En este artículo se reflexiona sobre las contribuciones que una lectura territorial entrega al análisis sobre conflictos por agua en América Latina. Tomando como caso la producción académica en Chile, revisamos investigaciones sobre conflictos hídricos en este país, identificando diferentes perspectivas de comprensión de la dimensión espacial de esta problemática. Discutiendo referencias de la ecología política y la geografía crítica, proponemos una construcción teórica sobre el agua pensada articuladamente del territorio como categoría teórico-política. Esta reflexión sobre agua-territorio se compone de cuatro principios: a) comprender la vinculación cultura-naturaleza en los procesos de apropiación del agua, b) las relaciones de poder “en” y “a través” del territorio, c) las lógicas de organización espacial, y d) reconocer las otras territorialidades presentes en los conflictos.
Afectividades en la defensa de los ríos Covento y Sonador (Zona Sur, Costa Rica)
Authors: Cambronero Rodríguez Andrés , Fernández Vásquez Daniel
Published: October 2018

El presente trabajo profundiza el lugar de las afectividades en los movimientos sociales. Específicamente en la Comisión Defensora de los Ríos Convento y Sonador, que se opuso a la construcción de dos proyectos hidroeléctricos en dichos ríos. Así mismo, se realiza un acercamiento a los efectos psicosociales en las comunidades que se organizaron en contra de estos proyectos. Para lograr lo anterior, se realizaron entrevistas y un taller participativo con las personas de la Comisión. Se puede concluir que la relación que mantienen con los ríos es el núcleo afectivo de la defensa. Además, entre las consecuencias psicosociales se encuentran la generación de conflictos y ruptura de las relaciones en las comunidades.
Reapropiaciones de los bienes comunes: miradas críticas en torno a la gobernanza hídrica
Authors: Dowbor Ladislaw , Esteves Rodrigues Arlindo , Panez Pinto Alexander
Published: October 2018

El agua es fuente fundamental para la reproducción de la vida en el planeta, inclusive la humana. Por ser uno de los bienes comunes vitales para la humanidad, todos deben tener su acceso en cantidad y calidad suficiente a su bienestar. Pero, esa definición no es hegemónica, y sí, objeto de disputa: por un lado, la apropiación de la gobernanza hídrica como mercancía por las corporaciones; por otro lado, el empoderamiento de la sociedad civil como bien común. El resultado de esa disputa definirá la disponibilidad hídrica para la sociedad y, consecuentemente, condiciones de reproducción digna para la sociedad
Población, empleo y pobreza en los territorios rurales de Costa Rica
Authors: Rivera Alfaro Ronald , Porras Solís Ángel Jesús
Published: October 2018

En el presente artículo se examinan las principales características de la población rural en Costa Rica a la luz de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (ENAHO 2017), prestando atención a variables socioeconómicas como la educación, el empleo, los ingresos la migración y la pobreza. Asimismo, se aporta una serie de elementos y reflexiones relacionados con el reposicionamiento de los territorios rurales en términos de la gobernanza y la acción ciudadana y la necesidad de llevar a cabo una estrategia para impulsar el empleo local y rural.
Pandillas, cuadrillas y barras de fútbol: prácticas plurales de la juventud
Authors: Rodríguez Aguilar Onésimo
Published: October 2018

El artículo hace una aproximación a los conceptos pandilla, cuadrilla juvenil y barra organizada de fútbol. En la introducción, expongo cómo diferentes sectores sociales, incluso académicos, hablan indiferenciadamente de una y otra noción. En algunos casos se homologan y se piensan como prácticas directamente relacionadas. En un segundo apartado, discutiré una propuesta teórica: prácticas plurales de la juventud, idea que retomo de Zúñiga (2016) y Lahire (2005) para referirme al conjunto de situaciones juveniles referentes a estas asociaciones, las cuales trataré de definir en el tercer apartado para, a su vez, identificar sus diferencias objetivas y similitudes subjetivas. En el cuarto apartado, presento dos casos experienciales que apoyarán la sección anterior (distancias y cercanías entre las prácticas juveniles referidas). Se enfatiza en la pluralidad de sentidos de estas dinámicas. En la quinta y última sección (conclusiones), sintetizaré las ideas esbozadas en el texto.
Concepción ideográfica del espacio: La singularidad y su valor en la construcción de un mundo habitable
Authors: Masís Morales Adriana
Published: October 2018

La arquitectura actúa como configuradora del espacio en el que, a pesar de que muchas variables son y deben ser cuantificadas, y estrictamente controladas, también a raíz de su relación directa con los modos de vida del ser humano, está sujeta a fenómenos singulares que le impiden acudir a fórmulas arquetípicas como solución al asunto del Habitar. En consecuencia, este artículo reconoce el valor de las vivencias, la convivencia y el relato de los eventos significativos, como un tema esencial para asegurar la calidad humana en el espacio construido, la contribución en la sensibilización de nuestra sociedad con su entorno y la evolución de la arquitectura misma. Esta última, al acoger sus contenidos ideográficos, se integran en la memoria colectiva y comprende que, a través de la construcción de lugares y no-lugares, afecta directamente los eventos cotidianos de la ciudad y a quienes la habitan.
EFIKASI EKSTRAK DAUN MENGKUDU TERHADAP MORTALITAS LARVA Crocidolomia binotalis Zell
Authors: Setiawati Silvia , Hasibuan Rosma , Nuryasin Nuryasin , Purnomo Purnomo
Published: October 2018

Kubis (Brassica oleracea L.) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman sayuran yang mempunyai nilai gizi yang tinggi dan mengandung beberapa zat yang sangat bermanfaat bagi tubuh. Serangan hama merupakan salah satu kendala dalam budidaya tanaman kubis. Hama penting tanaman kubis adalah Crocidolomia binotalis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun mengkudu terhadap mortalitas larva C. binotalis dan mengetahui tingkat toksisitas ekstrak daun mengkududalam membunuh larva C. binotalis. Penelitian ini disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% dan 5%. Insektisida nabati yang digunakan adalah ekstrak daun mengkudu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun mengkudu mampu membunuh larva C. binotalis. Ekstrak daun mengkudu konsentrasi 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% dan 5% berpengaruh nyata terhadap mortalitas Crocidolomia binotalis. Toksisitas daun mengkudu yang dinyatakan dengan LC 50 pada 36 jam setelah aplikasi adalah 0,98%, sedangkan toksisitas daun mengkudu yang dinyatakan dalam LT 50 pada konsentrasi 1% adalah 38,89 jam, 2% adalah 24,03 jam, 3% adalah 16,64 jam, 4% adalah 19,11 jam dan 5% adalah 11,84 jam setelah aplikasi.