bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Municipal River Sediment Remediation with Calcium Nitrate, Polyaluminium Chloride and Calcium Peroxide Compound
Authors: Huang Jian Jun , Li Yu Hong , Sun Jing Mei , Li Nan
Published: December 2011

In situ laboratory studies were carried out in simulated reactors to evaluate the potential of calcium nitrate, Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) and calcium peroxide for remediation municipal river sediment. Calcium peroxide could increase the dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) of water for long time (8 weeks). It would optimize the anoxia environment of sediment and be propitious for remediation of sediment. The disadvantage of calcium peroxide was that pH (8.6) would rise slightly and accelerate NH3-N release. Spraying poly-aluminum chloride also could prohibit phosphorus release from sediment. But the remediation effect might be weakened due to disorganization of the aluminium floc after period of time. Phosphorus release from sediment injected calcium nitrate was almost stopped during the experiment. Calcium nitrate could greatly improve the ability of bio-treatment properties for sediment. After 28 weeks of treatment, the TN concentration with dose of 70g per square meter NO3-N could reduce to common level compared to blank reactor by denitrification. It makes in-situ chemical remediation technology by calcium nitrate injection become possibly.
Study on Culture Condition Optimization and Kinetics for Crude Oil Degrading Strain SY2
Authors: Li Zheng Yao , Liu Na
Published: December 2011

Using crude oil degrading strain SY2 isolated from soil contaminated by crude oil as the starting strain, the optimum culture conditions of strain SY2 were obtained by the experiments of carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salt, and cultivation temperature. The biodegradation rate of crude oil can reach 43.20% under the condition of without the addition of inorganic nutrients. The enzyme-catalyzed kinetic model of strain SY2 degrading naphthalene was also established. The model was applied to guide the practical application of the crude oil degrading strain SY2.
Treatment of Polluted River Water Using Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands in Xinyi River Floodplain
Authors: Wu Jian Qiang , Wang Min , Wu Jian , Tang Hao
Published: December 2011

Treatment of polluted river water with great variations of water quality using pilot-scale Surface Flow Constructed Wetland (SFW) was studied in this paper. The main results show that: When the influent concentrations of CODMn and NH4+-N were 11.69~60.00 mg•L-1 and 1.37~20.18 mg•L-1, the CODMn and NH4+-N removal rate of SFW which planted Lythrum salicaria, Canna indica, Typha latifolia and Scirpus locustris were 26.44％、40.12％、46.71％、28.23％ and 64.27％、70.49％、66.78%、58.52%. Typha latifolia and Canna indica have stronger ability for purifying pollutants. Scirpus locustris has strongest ability of overhead flooding, it can resist inundation over 22 days and still live. Lythrum salicaria has lowest ability of overhead flooding, it only can resist inundation 7 days.
Distribution of Several Microorganisms in Sediments from Baihua Lake
Authors: Shen Wei , Hu Ji Wei , Fu Li Ya , Jin Mei
Published: December 2011

This paper reports a study on the distribution characteristics of bacteria, ammoniﬁers, ammonium-oxidizing bacteria, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, denitriﬁers, sulfatereducting bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi in ten sediment samples from Baihua Lake (a man-made deep plateau canyon reservoir in Guizhou Province, China). In the present research, sampling site of Yueliangwan had the highest population of bacteria and sulfatereducting bacteria. Ammoniﬁers had the highest population at sampling site Yapengzhai while the other sampling sites showed a slight difference in the population number. Ammonium-oxidizing bacteria had the highest populaton number at sampling site Pingpu. The population number of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in sediment at Longtan was higher than that at the other sampling sites. The highest population number of denitrifiers was at sampling site Jiangjiapu. Actionmycetes and fungi had the highest numbers at sampling sites Dachong and Laojiutu, respectively.
Study on Sludge-Sump Oil Viscosity Reduction by Surface-Active Agents Emulsification
Authors: Yang Qing Qing , Ma Xin , Zhang Xiao Wei , Li Tian Liang , He Yong Jun , Guo Xiao Bin
Published: December 2011

This paper studied the effect of temperature, single surface-active agent and anionic/non-ionic surface-active agents to the viscosity of sludge-sump oil, and ditermined the optimum process conditions by orthogonal experiment. The result showed that the viscosity of sludge-sump iol reduced with the increase of temperature when below 50°C, then the viscosity decreased slowly when the temperature is above 50°C. The optimum conditions obtained by orthogonal experiment were: OP-10 0.6%, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) 0.3% and water content 35%. The viscosity reduction rate was about 98.80%.
Contrast Experimental Studies on Mesophilic and Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Residual Activated Sludge
Authors: Li Guo De , Li Na
Published: December 2011

In order to study the reducing and reusing of residual sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant and solve the technical limit for traditional anaerobic digestion, the contrast research was carried out between the mesophilic(33 °C) and thermophilic(57 °C) anaerobic digestion. The results show that the thermophilic digestive efficiency is one time bigger than mesophilic. When sludge dosage rate increased, volatile fatty acid concentration rises sharply and pH drooped; When the reaction becomes stable, the volatile fatty acid concentration begins to be lowered, the corresponding pH rise gradually. At each sludge dosage rate, the alkalinity drops firstly and then increases with the reaction carried on. Furthermore, the fluctuation of pH values, VFA and the alkalinity of thermophilic are less than that of mesophilic for different sludge dosage.
Electrical and Mechanical Technology Research of Fully Mechanized Coal Caving under Aquifer
Authors: Bu Gui Ling , Wang Li , Song Bai Chao
Published: December 2011

In this paper, We studied the technical issues of fully mechanized caving under aquifer in Tiebei mine of Zhalainuoer mining company，carry on analysis and studies from the electrical and mechanical equipment to the technical management and gave the solution, with some reference value. It is hard to mine one by one coal seam due to hydrogeology and deposit of2a seam, Tiebei mine. For example, It is hard to solve top seam management, hydrogeology management and coal Spontaneous combustion. For getting more coal and extend the service life of mine, We started trial coal mechanized caving under aquifer in 2004 on the research basis. At the beginning of coal mechanized caving, We encountered equipment problems, equipment assort usage problems，produce management problem, coal caving method problem, use of face-end support problem, water management problem, and so on. By continuously review experience and exploring ,We solved the problems one by one. So we gained coal mechanized caving under aquifer valued experience.
Operating Conditions and Kinetics of Wastewater Treatment in a Three-Phase Biological Fluidized Bed Reactor
Authors: Hu Kun , Li Zhen Zhong , Guo Yong , Huang Wei Xing
Published: December 2011

Systematic experiments were carried out with synthetic wastewater in order to investigate the operating conditions and kinetics of wastewater treatment in a three-phase biological fluidized bed reactor. It is found that with the COD loading rate changed stepwise from 3.5 to 11.2 kg COD/m3•d, the reactor can rapidly restore from each impact of COD load and maintain the removal rate for COD at 85% or above, presenting a high flexibility for the variation of organic loading rate (OLR) in the influent. While the operating OLR keeps constant, the increase of influent COD and NH3-N concentrations will be followed by the correspondingly increased removal rates, so that the COD and NH3-N concentrations in the effluent keep nearly constant. The batched experiments under different air supply conditions show that there exists an optimal air flow rate at which the most effective treatment can be achieved. Finally, a kinetics model of the continuous treatment process was derived based on mass balance and Monod equations, and the kinetic constants were determined by the experimental data at steady operating OLR.
Effect of SRT on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in Modified Carrousel Oxidation Ditch Process
Authors: Yu Lian
Published: December 2011

Based on a modified Carrousel oxidation ditch process acclimated with synthetic wastewater，effect of SRT on nitrogen and phosphorus removal occurred in the system was investigated. The results indicated that SRT was prominent to nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The removal efficiency of nitrogen was better with SRT extension and that the removal efficiency of phosphorus was better with SRT shortness. With the operation conditions of water temperature 30°C, SRT 11days, the removal efficiency of TN and TP reached 85.4% and 74.9%, which indicated that nitrogen and phosphorus removals were best.
Isolation and Characterization of a Safranine T Degrading Stain
Authors: Zheng Yue Ping , Wu Chu , Ruan Jia Liang
Published: December 2011

A bacterial strain WZS-A which could effective decololorize Safranine T, was screened and isolated from soil sample in Wenzhou. It was preliminary identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa according to its 16S rDNA gene sequence. The strain WZS-A can use Safranine T as the sole carbon and energy source. The isolate grow optimally at 30°C and pH 7.0 respectively, and its decoloration rate for 250mg/L Safranine T could achieve 90%.
Study on the Green Nitration of Toluene in a Microglass Reactor
Authors: Li Bin Dong , Wu Jian , Ma Xiao Ming
Published: December 2011

Continuous processing in the microreactor represents a novel way for the safe and expedient conduct of high energetic nitration. Apart from handling benefits,nitration in microreactors proceed under precisely controlled conditions providing improved yields and selectivity. This paper studied the nitration of toluene in the microglass reactor using concentrated nitric acid as the nitrating agent and SO3H-functional ionic liquids, Lanthanide(iii) trifluoroacetate as recyclable catalysts. We described a mild, efficient process for the nitration of toluene.
A Green Synthesis Technique of Bentazone without Discharging Waste Water
Authors: Qi Xuan , Fu Zhong Tian , Li Liang , Hu Xiao Min , Sun Hong Bin
Published: December 2011

Abstract. Two applied synthesis techniques of bentazone were introduced including the disadvantages. Innovative adjustments were developed to eliminate the produce of waste water in isatoic anhydride route, and determined as: DMF as the solvent of o-amino-benzoyl isopropylamine preparation, based on certain treatments bentazone sodium salt solution as the product, soda lime as hydrolysis reagent to eliminate phosphorus oxychloride. With 95% recycling rate of 2-methyl pyridine, in the sodium salt aqueous solution, bentazone was prepared from isatoic anhydride with the yield of 85.5% and purity of 98%.
Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Methanol Using the InVO4-Based Photocatalysts
Authors: Jia Zhi Fang , Wang Fu Min , Bai Ying , Liu Ning
Published: December 2011

The InVO4-based photocatalysts loaded with metal oxides (Fe2O3, CuO, NiO) were synthesized by wet impregnation method. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS). The influence of different metal oxides loading (Fe2O3, CuO, NiO) on the photocatalytic activity for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 was discussed. It is found that Fe2O3-loaded InVO4 significantly enhance the methanol yield through promoting the effective separation of photoinduced electron-hole pairs.
Study on Optimization of Sugar Juice Clarification with Superfine Calcium Hydroxide
Authors: Sun Wei Dong , Xie Wei , Zhu Rong Yan , Niu Li , Li Jun Wei
Published: December 2011

The lime milk was ground with colloid mill in which the particles became finer and modified with mechanical intensification. The results, after the lime milk was ground for 60s and then used to the clarification of sugar juice, showed that: the purity of the clarified juice increased 1.5~2.0 percentage points, the lime salts decreased 0.02 percentage point, the color value and the reducing sugar also went down.
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Volatile Compounds from Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba)
Authors: Weng Ting , Tao Ning Ping , Wang Xi Chang , Jin Yin Zhe
Published: December 2011

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction and simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) were used to determine the volatile composition of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). The optimal extraction conditions for the oils yield within the experimental range of variables examined were temperature 40 °C, pressure 60 MPa, and extraction time 150 min. The maximum measured extraction yield was 12.34 ± 0.20 %. The chemical composition of the volatile compounds was adsorpted and analyzed by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), respectively. A total of 35 compounds were identified including 2 alcohols, 6 aldehydes, 1 ketone, 2 furans, 4 acids, 2 amines, 5 aromatic compounds, and 13 hydrocarbons.
CFD Modeling of the Fast Pyrolysis of Coal in Cold Flow Fluidized Bed
Authors: Zhou An Ning , Zhang Tie Shuan , Ren Xiu Bin , Zheng Li Zhen
Published: December 2011

Abstract. Gas-solid fluidized beds are widely applied in many industries as reactors or heat/mass transferring units because of their good heterogeneous mixing behaviors and large transferring area between the gas and solid phases. In this study, based on the Eulerian-Eulerian approach, 2D model of gas-solid flow field in fluidized bed is simulated, and the drag force models of Gidaspow and Syamlal-O’Brien have been used to simulate and analyze the two-phase flow for exploring mechanism and interaction laws of two-phase flow.
Preparation and Optimum Conditions of Polyamide Polyamine Compounds by Polycondensation
Authors: Zhu Hong Xiang , Chen Jian , Tang Jiang Tao , Xia Nan Nan , Wang Ying Hui , Wang Shuang Fei
Published: December 2011

In this paper, polyethylenepolyamine and hexanedioic acid were used in the polycondensation reaction for Polyamide-Polyamsne, which is the intermediate product that synthesis of Polyamide-Polyamsne-Epichlorohydrin. The difference and contact between polyethylenepolyamine, diethylenetriamine (DETA) and triethylenetetramine (TAPA) in the polycondensation reaction were compared. The exploration of the polycondensation reaction was discussed. The reaction between polyethylenepolyamine and hexanedioic acid was similar to the reaction between hexanedioic acid and DETA to TAPA. The appropriate conditions of polycondensation reaction were as following: The molar ratio of polyethylene polyamine and hexanedioic acid was 1:1. The polyamide-polyamine were synthesized by keeping 130 ~ 1350C for the first 30min, then increasing to 1600C and keeping for 2h. The solid content was about 50 %. And through theoretical analysis of gel, the degree of polymerization of Polyamine polyamide intermediate increases with increase the degree of reaction.
Study of the Structure and First-Principles of Optical Properties for Alkali Metal (Li,Na,K) under High Pressure Physical Conditions
Authors: Wang Qiang , Wu Song Jie , Fu Ji Song , Li Yan , Liu Jian Nan
Published: December 2011

Under high pressure, materials will show certain properties, which are different from its performance under normal conditions, even making the metal materials to insulator or semiconductor. It’s very important for synthesizing new materials. In view of the complex changing behavior of the electronic structures and optical properties of the alkali metal in loading conditions, absorption spectra, refractive index, and reflectivity of the three alkali metal (Li,Na,K) were investigated by using the first-principles method under Hydrostatic Pressure in this thesis.
The Influence of a Pharmaceutical Intermediate on BZ Oscillating Reaction
Authors: Zhao Mei Li , Wang Lin Tong , Song Min Jun
Published: December 2011

Abstract: Because there are cyclical phenomenons in lives so that the influence of the medicine on oscillating reaction is becoming a hotspot.The author prepares a pharmaceutical intermediate. It is 2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylpyrimidine.In this paper the influence of the pharmaceutical intermediate on BZ oscillation system have been studied at different temperature and different concentration. For instance, dropping the concentration of 0.01mol/Lpharmaceutical intermediate before and after, apparent activation energy E and E’ of the systems are 68094J/mol and 71786J/mol.Higher temperature and higher concentration,oscillating cycles and amplitude are lower.
Bis-Coumarins Bridged by Thiocarbazide as Novel Fluorescent Sensor for Fe 3+
Authors: Ma Wen Hui , Xu Qu , Song Bo , Xia Wei , Han Hong Yan , Liang Chun Hua , Sun Li Wei
Published: December 2011

A novel coumarin-based fluorescent sensor CFe1 containing imine and thiourea groups was designed and synthesized. It showed good sensitivity and selectivity for Fe3+ ion over other commonly coexistent metal ions with fluorescent enhancement and blue-shift.
Practical Evaluation of Sulphur Contents in Diesel Fuel Used by Pakistani Industry for Steam and Power Generation and Establish Relationship between Theoretical and Observed SOx Contents in Exhaust Emission
Authors: Hadis Atif Naveed , Qasm Farrukh Afaq , Askari Syed Jawid
Published: December 2011

Rising fuel prices coupled with environmental concerns to arrest SOx emissions is forcing organizations all over the world to adapt new protocols and fuel standards with the aim to lower the sulphur contents in the fuel to keep SOx emissions in check and in tandem equally optimize the capital spending on fuel. The need to adapt to this new reality is even more obligatory for industries in PAKISTAN where power available through national grid is in dire state and industry has to resort to their own resources sources to meet local demand for Steam and Power Generation. This paper presents the fuel analysis of the Unilver factory at Rahim Yar Khan Pakistan. The increase reliance on diesel fuel, for power and steam generation, is a concern at company as it will directly impact their environmental balance sheet due SOx production. Fuel was analyzed as per ASTM D 975 and results were compared with that of supplier certificate and it was observed there was erroneous reporting in sulphur contents. The impact of this deviation was discussed in length along with its bearing on SOX calculations and environmental balance sheet of the company. The results are expected to be first of its kind and may be helpful to Pakistani industries that endeavor to improve their SOx foot prints in factory premises.
TCF Short-Sequence Bleaching of Pinus Kesiya Pulp Made by Low-Temperature Kraft Pulping
Authors: Chen Yang , He Jie , Zhang Heng
Published: December 2011

In this paper, the TCF short-sequence bleaching (OQPaP) of pinus kesiya pulp from low-temperature kraft pulping with kappa number of 21.32 and viscosity of 1194mL•g-1 (the maximum pulping temperature was only 150°C) was optimized. Under the optimum bleaching condition, the bleached pulp properties of low-temperature kraft pulp were as follows: yield 93.1%, brightness 85.31% ISO, kappa number 1.02, viscosity 751mL•g-1 and PC number 0.28. And physical properties of handsheet (after beating to 45oSR) were as follows: breaking length 5.41km, bursting index 3.48kPa•m2•g-1, tearing index 8.4mN•m2•g-1, and folding endurance 146 times.
Studies on the Coordination Reactions of Polyphenols and Vanadium (IV) Using pH-Potentiometry
Authors: Gao Zhu Qing , Cai Xiao Dong , Cheng Lei Lei , Ling Kai Cheng
Published: December 2011

Protonation constants of pyrocatechol, pyrogallol and gallic acid, and stability constants, thermodynamic properties of their complexes with tetravalent vanadium VO2+ have been calculated by using pH-potentiometry at different temperatures and ionic strength of 0.1mol•L-1NaCl. The results indicated protonation constants and stability constants decrease with increasing temperature. Higher temperature is unfavorable to the complexation reactions. This kind of reaction is exothermic reaction that was spontaneous. Compared with all thermodynamic properties, the enthalpy change is the driving force for the reaction.
Study on Predictin of Surface Subsidence of an Exremely Shallow Large-Span Double-Arch Tunnel
Authors: Li Xin Zhi , Li Shu Cai , Li Shu Chen , Feng Xian Da , Yuan Chao , Li Wen Ting
Published: December 2011

The Qi-Great Wall tunnel which crossed the Qi -Great Wall ruins was a large span double-arch tunnel with two-way and six-lane and the maximum depth was less than 5 meters, in order to protect the safety of thr surface ruins in the tunnel construction progress, surface subsidence control was particularly important. Through comprehensive geomechanical model test and numerical simulation , the surface subsidence wich generated in the process of construction according to construction methods of excavation and support was studied, the distribution of surface subsidence got through two methods was fitted well,and research results could provide guidance for the construction.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation on Disposing of Used Lead-Acid Cell Using Citric Acid
Authors: Zhang Zhen Bin
Published: December 2011

Taking the paste of used lead acid batteries as studying object, reaction mechanisms and experiments were investigated between citric acid and PbO, PbO2 and PbSO4. The results showed that: three reactions Gibbs function, between the citric acid and the PbO, PbO2 and PbSO4, were less than zero, and the reaction could be spontaneous; XRD results showed that: the above three reactions could produce lead citrate, and after roasting of the three kinds of lead citrate precursor, the powders, Pb/PbO as their main ingredients, could be obtained at low reaction temperature.
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Carotenoids from Marigold Flower Using Orthogonal Test Design
Authors: Zhang Kun Sheng , Ren Yun Xia , Huang Chen , Tao Yong Qing , Zhao Hui
Published: December 2011

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction had been used in the extraction conditions for carotenoids from the marigold flower (Tagetes erecta L.). Five significant factors (particle size, temperature, pressure, time and co-solvent addition) on total carotenoid yield were obtained using one-at-a-time design (p≤0.05). The optimal extraction conditions were 55 oC, 50 MPa and 180 min. Under these conditions, the yield of carotenoids was 6.872mg/g.
System Design of Comparison of Diesel Multiple Units (DMUs) Wearing Oil Ferrographic Analysis and Spectrometric Analysis
Authors: Wang Bao Hui , Wang Chong Zhuo
Published: December 2011

Though the motor car I or motor car II of the diesel multiple units （DMUs） has the same objective condition, the difference of the wearing oil, particularly the condition of the calculator software comprehensive processing is a new topic that we should pay attention to. In this article, we have done with the values of ferrographic analysis and spectrometry analysis of motor car I and motor car II of the“New Dawn ’’DMUs ,for example, with the help of the Delphi 7 software and gotten homologous curve diagram at the same condition. We can evaluate the wear degree of diesel engine of the motor car I or motor car II of the DMUs and have a new way to deal with the wearing of the electric multiple units as well as the other types of the DMUs according to the characteristics of ferrographic analysis and spectrometric analysis of the motor cars.
Numerical Study on the Fluctuation of Free Surface in the Vacuum Vessel of RH-TB
Authors: Qi Feng Sheng , Jiang Yu , Yang Liu , Wang Fang , Li Bao Kuan
Published: December 2011

RH vacuum refining is a complex metallurgical process, which includes multiphase flow, heat transfer and different chemical reactions. It plays an important role in the iron and steel making. The fluctuation of free surface in the vacuum vessel has a very significant effect on the quality of the molten steel. In the present study, a 3D mathematical model of the gas-liquid-slag three-phase flow was established in the vacuum vessel of RH-TB. The results show that the fluctuation of free surface in the vacuum vessel and the diameter of slag-hole are both influenced by the injection rate of oxygen and the circulation rate of molten steel. When the injection rate of oxygen is changing from 2.355m3/s to 3.925m3/s, the fluctuation of free surface is changing from 0.175m to 0.28m and the diameter of slag-hole is changing from 0.746m to 0.852m. The present study could be helpful to optimization and refining effect improvement of RH vacuum circulation refining furnace.
Optimization of Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. Seed Oil by Orthogonal Test Methodology
Authors: Xia Qin , Jin Xue Yuan
Published: December 2011

The objective of the work was to optimize the extraction of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. seed oil (HSO) by means of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Effects of pressure, temperature, time and CO2 flow rate on extract abilities of HSO were studied in this paper. Basis on the signal factor test, the orthogonal design was used to optimize the extraction conditions. Results showed that following conditions were optimal: pressure 40Mpa, temperature 40°C, time 120min, CO2 flow rate 9 kg/h. Extraction yield of HSO were 8.92%. Supercritical CO2 technology was a good extraction method for its higher yield and shorter time.
Kinematics Automatic Design of Planar Linkage Mechanism Based on Genetic Program
Authors: Luo Xian Hai , Li Liang Zhen
Published: December 2011

Given kinematics quantitative target and requirements to executive links of a planar linkage mechanism, regarded the distance between the point set of the quantitative target and the actual’s as a whole metrics approximate design requirements, and taken this metrics as kinematics design fitness function, according to multi-branch tree expression and random configuration method to create mechanical initial population made the mechanical population evolution towards the target requirements by the use of copy, crossover and mutation operators of genetic program. In the evolutionary process, inserted kinematics automatic analysis technique, design examples indicated that using a genetic program can search parallel in different mechanical configuration space and dimension space, automatically searched to such kinds of mechanisms approximate kinematics target and requirements, thus fulfilling the kinematics automatic design.
The Micromorphology of Anionic Polyacrylamide Dispersions
Authors: Lu Jiao , Fang Xiang Chen , Wang An Jie , Zhang Xi Wen , Peng Bo
Published: December 2011

Anionic polyacrylamide dispersions were prepared by dispersion polymerization in aqueous salt solutions. The effects of reaction conditions, such as salt concentration, molecular weight of stabilizers, on the micromorphology of the dispersions were investigated systematically by using biological photomicroscope. The results showed that the particle shape in stable dispersions were more regular, basically spherical or ellipsoidal. Stable anionic polyacrylamide dispersions could be obtained on condition that salt concentration was between 26%~30%, molecular weight of stabilizers between 1.760×106~2.317×106 g•mol-1.
Synthesis of Phenoxy Amide Derivatives
Authors: Wang Hong , Jin Dong Yuan , Yang Zhi Qiang , Gao Yong Hong , Tao Jian Wei , Li Li Hua
Published: December 2011

Several kinds of new derivatives of N-substituted-4-(p-chlorophenoxy)acetamide and N-substituted-2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetamide were synthesized with methyl chloroacetate. The influence of solvent on the chlorination occurred in the benzene ring of phenoxy acetamide additives has been investigated by using sulfonyl chloride as chlorination agent. Result shows that the higher polarity of solvent is beneficial to the chlorination.
Coercivity and the Figure of Merit of Irregular Triangular Ferromagnetic Nanowire Arrays
Authors: Guo Zi Zheng
Published: December 2011

The magnetostatic interaction, the coercivity and the figure of merit of an irregular triangular nanowire array are studied with the help of Neel model. The results show that the broadening of the distribution of nanowire lengths decreases the thermal stability of the array and the minimum figure of merit is a good candidate for measuring the system’s thermal stability.
Synthesis of a Novel Photochromic Diarylethene for Polarization Optical Recording
Authors: Wang Tao Feng , Liu Gang , Liu Wei Jun , Cui Shi Qiang
Published: December 2011

A novel unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene compound bearing a benzofuran unit, 1-[2-methyl-5-formyl-3-thienyl]-2-[2-methyl-3-benzofuran-yl]perfluoroyclopentene(1a) have been synthesized, its photochromic, fluorescence and optical strorage properties were investigated. The compound exhibited obviously photochromism both in hexane and in PMMA film. In hexane, the fluorescence intensity of 1a declined along with the photochromism upon irradiation with 297 nm light. The results showed that the cyclization and cycloreversion process of the compound was determined to be the zeroth/first order reaction. This new photochromic system also exhibited remarkable optical storage character.
Stability Analysis about Slope of Open Pit Mine Based on Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation
Authors: Ye Hai Wang , Wu Kai , Wang Jin
Published: December 2011

Normal production of open-pit mine is directly affected by the safety of slope, especially in deep open-pit mine. According to the real conditions of Jinduicheng Molybdenum Open-pit Mine and considering slope stability influential factors such as rock properties and geological structures, slope geometry parameters, groundwater, blasting activities and others, a fuzzy synthetic evaluation model of slope stability is established, which involved membership functions and multi-level weight distribution method. The evaluation model was applied to the slope of Jinduicheng Molybdenum Open-pit Mine, and the results showed that the slope of the mine was general stable at present.
Effect of Solvent Polarity Properties on the Selectivity and Activity for 3,4-Dichloronitrobenzene Hydrogenation over Pd/C Catalyst
Authors: Lu Chun Shan , Lu Jing Hui , Ma Lei , Zhang Qun Feng , Li Xiao Nian
Published: December 2011

Several representative solvents classified in three categories: 1) aprotic apolar solvents: 2) protic solvents; 3) aprotic polar solvents were chosen to investigate the effect on the catalytic activity and selectivity for the selective hydrogenation of 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene (3,4-DCNB) over Pd/C catalyst. The solvent polarity increases the hydrogenation rate apparently, but also increases the selectivity to 3-chloroaniline and 4-chloroaniline from dehalogenation reaction. The solvents with the high polarity and hydrogen-bond donation capability can generate the strong interaction and the H-bond with nitro group of 3,4-DCNB, and then promote the activation and polarization of nitro group. However, on basis of the result of water as solvent, the higher hydrogenation rate in polarity solvents, to a larger extent, may be attributed to the increase of the amount of reactive chemisorbed hydrogen resulting from the dissociative chemisorption of aprotic polar solvents over the activated metal surface. At the same time, this is why the selectivity to 3-chloroaniline and 4-chloroaniline from dehalogenation reaction increase obviously with the increase of solvent polarity, because the amount of reactive chemisorbed hydrogen on the catalytic activated sites exceeds the needs of nitro group reduction and then surplus hydrogen reacts with the C-X bond.
The Novel Preconcentration and Speciation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Fish Samples by GC-MS
Authors: Zeng Shao Lin , Gan Ning , Cao Yu Ting
Published: December 2011

A novel enrichment and detection method for 6 kinds of main polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs, PCB 28;2.PCB 52;3.PCB 101;4.PCB 153;5.PCB 101;6.PCB138) monomers was established. Target compounds were extracted by n-hexane/ methylene chloride (v/v,1:1) and methylene chloride, then enriched by rotary evaporator and purified by sulfuric acid. The detection signals were enhanced in the presence of different concentrations for the six kinds of PCBs from1 to 100 ng/mL with the coefficient of derivatives between 0.996 and 0.999. Recoveries of spiked tissues prepared with this method ranged from 76.7% to 106%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) ranged from 4.0% to 11.1%. The method was used to extract PCBs from fish samples and determination of 6 kinds of main PCBs species with good accuracy and reproducibility.
Research on Wear Status Diagnosis for Aeroengine Based on Spectrography and Ferrography
Authors: Zhang Yong Guo , Tong Li Ping , Fei Yi Wei , Wu Xiao Wen
Published: December 2011

Wear status diagnosis to frictional particle analysis is the better technology for aeroengine failure predict. The monitoring wear conditions for on-line lubricating oil samples of the aeroengine are diagnosed based on spectrography and ferrography, and it is given the results that both of these combinational analytical methods are so relatively reliable that they can diagnose the wear faults and predict wear trend of the aeroengine.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Schiff Base Containing Diacetylferrocene and 2-Amino-5-Alkyl-1,3,4-Thiadiazole
Authors: Liu Yu Ting , Zhao Ming Tao , Yin Da Wei , Hui Bo Ning
Published: December 2011

A series of novel Schiff base containing diacetylferrocene and 5-alkyl-2-amino-1,3,4 -thiodizoles were reported in this paper. Diacetylferrocene(Ⅱ) was synthesised with ferrocene(Ⅰ) and acetyl chloride with AlCl3 as catalyst in CH2Cl2. In the presence of diacetylferrocene and 5-alkyl-2-amino-1,3,4-thiodizole reacted under solvent and catalyst condition to furnish Schiff base containing diacetylferrocene and 5-alkyl-2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles(Ⅲ). Chemical structures have been confirmed by elemental annalysis and the spectral techniques of FTIR,1H NMR. Antimicrobial activity (in vitro) was evaluated against the two pathogenic bacterial strains. The compounds have shown better activity.
Study on the Synthesis of Isoamyl Acetate Catalyzed by Strong Acidic Cation Exchange Resin
Authors: Lan Ping , Lan Li Hong , Xie Tao , Liao An Ping
Published: December 2011

Isoamyl acetate was synthesized from isoamylol and glacial acetic acid with strong acidic cation exchanger as catalyst. The effects of reaction conditions such as acid-alcohol ratio, reaction time, catalyst dosage to esterification reaction have been investigated and the optimum reaction conditions can be concluded as: the molar ratio of acetic acid to isoamylol 0.8:1, reaction time 2h, 25 % of catalyst (quality of acetic acid as benchmark). The conversion rate can reach up to 75.46%. The catalytic ability didn’t reduce significantly after reusing 10 times and the results showed that the catalyst exhibited preferably catalytic activity and reusability.
Synthesis and Properties of a Photochromic Switch
Authors: Liu Wei Jun , Wang Wei Ping , Fan Cong Bin , Liu Gang
Published: December 2011

A new purple photochromic diarylethene compound, [1- (2-ethyl-3-benzothienyl)-2-(1,3,5-trimethyl-4-pyrazolyl)]perfluoroclopentene (1a), was synthesized and its photochemical properties were investigated in detail. The results demonstrated that the compound has good photochromism in PMMA amorphous film and fluorescence switching properties.
Adsorption of Two Heavy Metal Ions on Dry Garlic Stem
Authors: Zhou Neng , Zhou Zhen , Qin Yuan , Zeng Chu Jie , Huang Zu Qiang
Published: December 2011

This study reported the feasibility of adsorption of heavy metals using dry garlic stem, an environmentally-friendly and natural adsorbent．Using batch adsorption technique, the efficiency of the adsorbent was studied under different experimental conditions by varying parameters such as pH, initial concentration and contact time. The results show that at pH 2.03, adsorption temperature 35°C, the adsorption time 90 min and the amount of garlic stem 1.0 g, Pb2+ have the maximum adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacity of the Pb2+ on garlic stem is 28.42 mg/g and the adsorption rate is 94.74%. At pH 4.05, the adsorption time 120 min and the amount of garlic stem 1.0, Cu2+ have the maximum adsorption at the same temperature. The maximum adsorption of the Cu2+ is 20.90 mg/g and the adsorption rate is 69.75%. The dry garlic stem was found to be efficient in removing lead and copper from aqueous solution as compared to other adsorbents already used for the removal of these ions.
Novel Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Triblock Copolymer
Authors: Liu Xiao Tian , Fan Hong Bo
Published: December 2011

Enzymatic polycondensation of benzyl-2,2-bis(methylol) propionate and sebacic acid has been performed using lipase Novozyme-435 as the catalyst, subsequently enzymatic ring-opening polymerization was reacted by adding ε-caprolactone as the monomer in the same system. Then atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from the macroinitiator combining α-bromoester of styrene was catalyzed by CuCl/2,2’-Dipyridyl to obtain the block copolymer successfully. The polymers obtained in different conditions were analyzed by 1HNMR and GPC.
The Synthesis and Characterization of Potential Novel Active Compounds - 2-aminothiazole Derives Schiff Bases
Authors: Zhang Xiao Lin , Ouyang Hong Xia , Ding Yong Hong
Published: December 2011

Some 4-substituted-2-aminothiazoles were prepared starting from aromatic ketones and thiourea in the presence of powered iodine. Then treating 4-substituted-2-aminothiazole with substituted benzaldehyde gave corresponding 2-aminothiazole derives Schiff bases in good yield.
The Thermal Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Analysis of Seawater-Lubricated Thordon Bearing
Authors: Zhang Li Jing , Wang You Qiang
Published: December 2011

Based on Reynolds equation, the numerical simulation of thermal elstohydronamic lubrication for seawater-lubricated thordon bearing was carried out, the effects of the load, the speed and the shaft diameter on the pressure and the film thickness were discussed. The results show that thermal effect has little effect on the pressure, but the film thickness under the thermal condition is smaller than isothermal. The pressure peak is increased and the film thickness is decreased greatly with the increase of load. The pressure peak is decreased and the film thickness is increased greatly with the increase of speed.
Collision-Avoiding Aware Routing Based on Real-Time Hybrid Traffic Infomations
Authors: Yu Ji Ming , Yan Xiao Yong , Xu Nan , Yang Yu Wang
Published: December 2011

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) is a peculiar type of mobile Ad Hoc networks for ITS,compared with MANET, it has following distinguishing feature: high dynamic topology changing, speed-moving nodes, frequently disconnected network, unlimited battery power and storage, network node movement restraind by traffic rule. The article definition the concept collision-set,and derive a novel collision-avoiding aware routing based on real-time hybrid-traffic infomations which restricted by traffic rule(RHCAR). Nodes will builting subnetworks based on collision-set, every node will communicate with its neighbours of collision-set for collision-avoiding,extensive simulations the collision-avoiding trend with two type of scenario.
Porous Ti-6Al-4V Fabricated by Powder Sintering and its Property Evaluation
Authors: Hu Rui Hua , Yan Cun Fu , Lim Jae Kyoo
Published: December 2011

Porous titanium alloys are frequently used as bio-implant scaffold. In this research, porous Ti-6Al-4V was fabricated by using powder sintering method with ammonium bicarbonate powders as space holder. The space holder decomposes to gases like ammonia, carbon dioxide and water at comparatively low temperature. The advantages of this pore holder and its decomposition products are that they have no contamination to host powders, and harmless to sintering machine. Green bodies with different weight ratio of pore holder and host powder are prepared, and then the pore holders are fully removed by heating at 200°C. Porosity, density, compressive strength and modulus of the sintered porous Ti-6Al-4V are tested.
Study on the Volatility Order of Systems with Two Minimum Azeotropes
Authors: Liu Gui Lian , Wang Li Jun , Li Hao
Published: December 2011

In systems with two minimum binary azeotropes, there are two isovolatility lines. Different volatility order can be obtained according to different isovolatility lines. The volatility orders of components are identified according to the isovolatility lines and are compared with that identified based on the rigorous simulation using Aspen Plus. The results show that, in the system with two minimum binary azeotropes and two isovolatility lines, the volatility order of components is determined by the isovolatility line passing through the unstable node. Based on this, the rule for identifying the volatility order is proposed. The case studies show that this rule is simple and feasible.This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.
The Application and Development of Vanadium in the Fields of Catalysts and Materials
Authors: Ma Lan , Yang Shao Li
Published: December 2011

This paper introduces the application of vanadium in the fields of catalysts and the new materials in recent years. It prospects new applications of vanadium catalysts of new type, optical conversion materials, vanadium-based solid solution hydrogen alloy, rare-earth vanadate, etc.
Mass and Heat Transfer in Multi-Pulverizing RPB
Authors: Chen Hai Hui , Min Xu Guang
Published: December 2011

New typical cross-flow Rotating Packed Bed (RPB) called multi-pulverizing RPB was manufactured. Mass and heat transfer property of the new type PRB were studied by two experimental models. In the mass transfer model, the axial fan pumping gas press is only 100 Pa, mass transfer coefficient is similar to countercurrent RPB. In the heat transfer experiment, the axial fan pumping gas press is only 120 Pa; volumetric heat transfer coefficient is from 75 kW.m-3. K-1 to 100 kW.m-3. K-1.
Study on the Pretreatment of Seawater to Reduce Turbidity and Boron Using Different Alkalizer
Authors: Zhou Lei , Yi Shou Zhi , Li Shuang , Zhong Su Hong
Published: December 2011

Alkalizer or coagulation and alkalizer technology were adopted to pretreat seawater in the study. Turbidity removal was investigated with different pH, mixing time,and mixing speed. The A was the best by contrasting alkalizer A, B and C. Turbidity removal was 99.4%. The effect of boron removal in the seawater was also studied. The results showed that the pH value has a great impact on the boron removal. The highest boron removal was 89% by alkalizer A under pH 11.The best reaction condition for turbidity removal : pH value 10.8,stirring rate 200r/min,reaction time 10 minutes and dosage of PAM 0.5 mg/L.
Wet Granular Flow in Hoppers by Discrete Element Method
Authors: Rahman Mahbubur , Zhu Hai Ping
Published: December 2011

This paper presents a comparison numerical study of the dry and wet granular flows in a cylindrical hopper with flat bottom by means of the discrete element method. A cohesion model is used to examine the impact of moisture presence in hopper flow. It is found that with the increase of Bond number, the discharge rate decreases. The particle force structure inside the hopper is investigated to explain the reason of the lower discharge rate for the wet particle cases. Compared with the dry particle case, in the wet particle case there are more force chains in the transitional zone and near orifice, which causes the lower flowability of particles.
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Type of Smart Hydroxyapatite-PNIPAM Hybrid Nanopatrticles
Authors: Wei Jun Chao , Dai Yan Feng , Chen Yi Wang
Published: December 2011

Cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) tethered Hydroxyapatite hybrid materials (HA- PNIPAM) were prepared by the ATRP reaction. The hybrid materials were characterized by FT-IR、TGA、SEM and UV spectra. The TGA results demonstrated that there was 122 g PNIPAM grafted on the surface of per 100g of HA. The UV results showed that the HA-PNIPAM have thermal responsive property around 33°C.
Fabrication of Super-Hydrophobic Membrane with Hydrophilic Polyethersulphone
Authors: Li Guang Fen , Sun Xu Dong , Zhang Yu Zhong
Published: December 2011

Here a simple method was developed to fabricate super-hydrophobic membrane with hydrophilic Polyethersulphone (PES) via a sol-gel process. The influences of experimental parameters i.e. the precursor treated time, the baking temperature of the membrane, and the fluorinated time on the hydrophobicity of the membranes were extensively investigated. The correspondent hydrophobicity was crosschecked by the contact angle measurement. For the optimum condition, the contact angle of the resulted super-hydrophobic membrane can be increased to 156°. The FTIR analysis confirmed that the membrane surfaces were covered by hydrophobic functional groups, which resulted in both higher surface roughness and higher heterogeneity, and therefore higher hydrophobicity. The micro/nano-meter crater-like protrusions on the membrane surfaces were observed from the images obtained from both AFM and SEM measurements. Moreover, the spongy holes and the finger-like holes were observed in cortex and intermediate layer respectively, from the cross-section of the SEM images.
Growth Characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on Patterned Si (111) Substrates Using Double AlN Interlayers by MOCVD
Authors: Wang Yong , Yu Nai Sen , Wang Cong Shun , Lau Kei May
Published: December 2011

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were grown on un-patterned, patterned without mask, and patterned with mask Si (111) substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The patterns on the Si substrates were fabricated by SiO2 masks and wet etching. Double AlN interlayers grown at high temperature were employed to relax the tensile stress induced by the large mismatches in the lattice constants and the thermal expansion coefficients. Growth characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs were discussed and analyzed. Before achieving optimized growth conditions, more cracking lines were observed on patterns along the [1-100] orientation than along the [11-20] orientation, resulted from more stable GaN (1-100) facets than GaN (11-20) facets. It is suggested that long patterns should be made along the [11-20] orientation. Micro-Raman measurements showed that Raman shifts at the concave corners are bigger than those at the convex corners, indicating the presence of the larger stress at the concave corners.
Information-Entropy-Based Integrated Model for Predicting Burn-Through Point in Lead-Zinc Sintering Process
Authors: Wang Chun Sheng
Published: December 2011

This paper presents an information-entropy-based integrated model for predicting the burn-through point (BTP) in lead-zinc sintering process. First, a fuzzy T-S prediction model for BTP was established to deal with the uncertainty of the vertical burning speed. Considering the BTP is also affected by process parameters, a neural network (NN) prediction model for BTP was then built. Finally, an integrated model for predicting the BTP was constructed by combining the above two models using the recursive entropy algorithm. The practical running results demonstrate the validity of the proposed integrated predictive model.