bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screen Hours, Room, Number of Gadgets and Their Relation to Sleep Quality among Allied Health Students Enrolled in Online Class
Authors: Chew Carol , Adap Joyce Ann , Balmes Joshua Angelo , Basilio Iva Kolin , Dela Pedra Myrra Mae , Escabarte Carlos Jose , Zamora Maybelle Anne
Published: March 2022

Aim: To determine the factors related to the quality of sleep among allied health students
Method: A correlation study design was used to identify the components. In total, 44 persons agreed and consented to participate in the study via purposive sampling. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep quality. Data with a p value of 0.05 was examined using the Pearson R and Spearman Rho correlation tests.
Results: Pearson correlation revealed a relationship between number of screen hours, (R value = .330 and P value = .029) number of gadgets (R value = .365 and P value = .015) and while Fisher exact test revealed an association between room (46.18, P value = .009) and sleep quality.
Conclusion and Implications: A statistically significant correlation was identified between screen time, the quantity of gadgets in the study room, and poor sleep quality, according to the study. The findings can be used to establish educational activities and timetables that are more healthful for students.
Prevalence And Risk Factors of Anxiety and Depression among University Students and Employees During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Batin Ruth Anne Claricel P. , Obra Cheryll Didi Nellie N. , Macalma Chariss M.
Published: March 2022

Aim: To determine the prevalence and perceived risk factors of anxiety and depression among employees and students at the Mariano Marcos State University during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine if significant differences exist between groups on the identified variables.
Method: This was a descriptive-comparative study that used a survey consisting of the screening questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Perceived Risk Factors of Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire (PRFAD). The developed, validated, and pilot-tested questionnaire was administered to 212 students and 114 employees during the second semester of 2020-2021. Descriptive statistics and T-test were used for analyses using p<0.05 as the significance level.
Results: Results showed that most students have mild severity of anxiety and depression while employees have none to minimal. Cultural factors like the adverse working environment, social inequalities and exclusion, and adverse media influences were identified as moderate risk factors in anxiety and depression. Moreover, there were significant differences in the prevalence of anxiety and depression between students and employees and between teaching and non-teaching employees. There were higher self-reported anxiety and depression among students than employees and among teaching employees than non-teaching employees.
Conclusion and Implications: With a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression among students, higher education institutions must strengthen their student welfare services. Also, employees' mental health needs must be considered by providing services to alleviate their anxiety and depression. A holistic and comprehensive policy on mental health promotion should be implemented to improve the mental health status of students and employees.
Utilization of Postural Analysis Application Technology on Static Posture: Toward Postural Risk Assessment
Authors: Amparo Jade Jaime D. , Petil Er D. , Lalata Joreine J. , Mabansag John Benedict T. , Pascual Alexis Anne L. , Sotto Dexter M.
Published: March 2022

Aim: To determine the instrument reliability of Postural Application Technology (PAAT) as an assessment tool of static posture.
Method: There were sixty participants included in the study. The respondents were obtained using a non-probability convenience sampling technique, Slovin’s Formula was used to compute for the sample size. Data were analyzed using Cronbach Alpha Correlation to measure internal consistency, Interclass correlation Coefficient for external reliability. A scattered plot was use to understand and observed the correlational / relationship between variables.
Result: The anterior view (AV) and lateral view (LV) showed high reliability on the shoulder, ankle, torso, and leg assessments (Cronbach’s alpha= 0.80, 0.76, 0.84, 0.84 respectively) and medium reliability on AP head, arms, pelvis assessments (Cronbach’s alpha= 0.50, 0.66, 0.61 respectively), and for LV head tilt (Cronbach’s alpha= 0.64.) For external reliability on AV, data showed excellent reliability on shoulder, pelvis, and ankle assessments (ICC= 0.81,0.77, 0.79) and good reliability on arms (ICC=0.65); and fair reliability on head and knees (ICC= 0.5, 0.46 respectively). With LV, excellent reliability was found on torso and legs (ICC= 0.84, 0.77) respectively) and good reliability on head tilt (ICC=0.64). The scatter plot showed a strong positive linear correlation of the anterior view data with the head, shoulder, pelvis, and ankle. With the lateral view data, the scatter plot showed a strong positive linear correlation with head tilt, and torso, and a weak positive linear correlation with the leg
Conclusion and Implication: PAAT is a reliable tool for the assessment that can be used by clinicians, academicians, and students for objective assessment of static posture.
Effect Of Klapp’s Exercises Through Telerehabilitation on The Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Scoliosis
Authors: Butel Nelkie Xyza , Calad Anjennell , Jurial Seneca , Ramos Charlene Kate , Simon Ryan Jay , Tumamao Maureen Joy
Published: March 2022

Aim: This study determined the effect of Klapp’s exercises through telerehabilitation on the health-related quality of life of patients with scoliosis.
Methods: This study used one-group pretest-posttest design to determine if there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest of patients with scoliosis with respect to intensity and quality of pain experienced by participants using the McGill short form pain questionnaire, extent of curvature of the spine using the Cobb angle measurement and health- related quality of life (HRQoL) using the quality-of-life profile for spine deformities. The Klapp’s exercise was recorded, stored and forwarded to the patients. The Klapp’s exercise was done for 20 sessions, five times a week.
Results: Klapp’s exercises delivered through tele-rehabilitation decreases the degree of curvature of the spine (p = 0.05) and increase the quality of life (p = 0.000) of patients with scoliosis but there is no significant difference in terms of intensity of pain (p = 0.257).
Conclusion and Implications: Based on the findings of the study, Klapp’s exercises delivered through telerehabilitation can improve the health-related quality of life of patients with scoliosis; given the patients have good internet connection, appropriate gadgets, consistent monitoring of patients and expert instructions for the intervention from the therapist. Results of this study may use as guidelines in implementing telerehabilitation as mode of physical therapy interventions.
A Systematic Review on Effectiveness of Online Well-Being Programs for The Physical and Mental Well-Being of University Health-Allied Students
Authors: Viacrucis Niels F. , Escuadra Catherine Joy T. , Nava Jordan Barbra P. , Buico Terence Mattheu L. , Azul Mikaela T. , Dalusong Mariah Edrianca C. , Dela Cruz John Edward , Mangalili Ma. Kelley Clare M. , Ngo Edric Joshua C. , Valerio Valerie Anne S.
Published: March 2022

Aim: The study reviewed available literature on the eﬀectiveness of online well-being programs concerning university health-allied students' physical and mental well-being.
Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses guidelines, this study involved searching for intervention articles for health-allied university students in the electronic databases of ProQuest, Herdin, Research Gate, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, ERIC, DOAJ, CORE, PubMed, EBSCOHost, Google Scholar, Taylor & Francis, and Emerald Insights. The Cochrane Intervention Review guidelines became the basis for the results of the studies that met the quality criteria. For the other study designs, speciﬁc appraisal tools were used. Participants' characteristics, intervention parameters, and outcomes were extracted and synthesized for analysis.
Results: Ten studies were included and reported in the study. All studies focusing on physical well-being (n = 2) reported signiﬁcant improvements in physical activity with concurrent positive eﬀects on mental well-being. Overall, studies focusing on mental well-being (n = 8) had mixed results on interventions providing statistically signiﬁcant results. However, most studies either have practical signiﬁcance ranging from mild to large eﬀects, having a positive directional change for outcomes, or deemed helpful with a high participation rate.
Conclusion and Implications: This review found evidence suggesting the eﬀectiveness of online physical and mental health interventions for health allied university students. Interventions that encompass both physical and mental health are deemed the most eﬀective.
Filipino Physical Therapists’ Promotion of Physical Activity in Older Adults: Knowledge, Practice, and Exploring Related Factors
Authors: Lunar Frances Rom , Alog Attillah Mae , Andal Kristen Mari , Chan Beatrice Camille , Katakura Koji , Orlino Ma Anna Carmina , Tan Bettina , Tanchuling Alexa , Ignacio Marvin Louie
Published: March 2022

Aim: This study aimed to: describe Filipino PTs' knowledge of WHO physical activity (PA) guidelines and their use of behavioral change techniques (BCTs) and theories when promoting PA in older adults, and (2) explore factors that potentially influence their engagement in PA promotion.
Methods: Filipino PTs who handled older adult clients from March to April 2020 answered an online orprinted survey. Recruitment was done through various practice sites and the PPTA. Descriptive statistics summarized responses and correlational analysis explored whether key determinants and relevant demographic characteristics were linked to PA promotion in older adult clients.
Results: There were 72 respondents. Data collection was concluded early following the COVID pandemic restrictions and major changes in the PT practice landscape in the Philippines. More than half were unaware (59.15%), and most could not recall the WHO guidelines (98.61%) correctly. Respondents used a limited range of BCTs when promoting PA. While some were aware of at least one behavior change theory (66.66%), a number were unfamiliar with these (33.33%), with only a small proportion reporting regular use in practice. Eleven out of 18 domains of determinants of PA promotion as well as the age and years of practice of the respondents were found to have a statistically significant positive relationship with PA promotion.
Conclusion and Implications: Study results can serve as the basis for programs that improve knowledge of Filipino PTs with regards to WHO PA guidelines and strengthen their use of a wider range of BCTs and theories to guide PA promotion in older adult clients. This can potentially place Filipino PTs at the forefront of addressing this public health concern in the aging Filipino population.
Ergonomic Considerations in Exergaming Delivery in Orthopedic and Neurologic Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Menor Richmae , Manlapaz Donald , Maya Arlene Chiong , Sicat Zyra Mae , Bolintiam Audrey , De Guzman Ira Joy , Duro Dean Daniel , Panga Edalrish , Ramos John Michael , Sasazawa Naomi
Published: March 2022

Aim: The lack of protocols and research on this aspect of this effective emerging practice led the researchers to identify the ergonomic considerations in the delivery of exergaming (exercise and gaming) in rehabilitation.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed in seven electronic databases from July 8 to August 3, 2021. Experimental studies written in English, with randomized controlled trial (RCT) design that included adult participants with orthopedic or neurologic conditions utilizing exergaming to improve balance, muscle strength, or muscle endurance were considered. Two reviewers screened articles through a set inclusion and exclusion criteria using the Rayyan and Mendeley applications. A spreadsheet software was used for the data collection process. The frequency and percentage of the study characteristics, appraisal score, and considerations highlighted, and the nature and type of its controls were obtained. The RCT Critical Appraisal Sheet of the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine was used to appraise the included articles.
Results: A total of 68 studies were included, with 61 (89.71%) reporting safety or health considerations, 36 (52.94%) of which reported ergonomic considerations. Most ergonomic considerations were under the environment control (n = 31, 20.13%), and 13 (8.44%) under the task and 12 (7.79%) the individual controls.
Conclusion and Implications: Ergonomic considerations alongside physical and safety hazard considerations were found in the literature. The review highlights the importance of these considerations as it precludes injury and thus strengthens the effectiveness of the intervention. Further investigation on the correlation of exergaming effectivity and these considerations is warranted.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Oswestry Disability Index (Ilocano Version)
Authors: Lampitoc Myra R. , Dones Valentin C.
Published: March 2022

Aim: This study aims to conduct translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) into Ilocano since there is no existing valid and reliable standardized tool in Ilocano language that evaluates low back pain (LBP).
Methods: The ODI was translated and cross-culturally adapted to the Ilocano language according to established guidelines of Beaton et al. 2000. Stages followed in the cross-cultural adaptation include forward translation, translation synthesis, back translation, expert committee review, and test of the pre-ﬁnal version. Responses were compared to determine the concurrent validity internal consistency of ODI then test-retest validation a week later. Forty-six (46) subjects (25 female and 21 male) with a mean average age of 46.65±17.98 years old with low back pain were recruited to answer the original and Ilocano ODI.
Results: The ODI-Ilocano displayed a high degree of internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.93. The test-retest reliability was high (n = 45) with an ICC of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.98). The ODI-Ilocano version scores exhibited a strong correlation to the ODI- English version (Cronbach's alpha of 0.97, ICC 0.937, p-value ≤0.001).
Conclusion and Implications: The Ilocano version of the ODI Questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to measure self-reported outcomes of pain and disability in Ilocano-speaking participants with low back pain.
Medication adherence and quality of life among asthmatic patients in primary care in Indonesia
Authors: Nugraheni Gesnita , Santoso Ayu N. A. , Puspitasari Dian , Setiawan Catur D. , Nita Yunita
Published: March 2022

Background: Asthma is a chronic disease that occurs in various ages, either in developed or developing countries, causing the disturbance in daily life. The absence of asthma symptoms before an attack potentially leads to medication non-adherence behaviour.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess medication adherence of asthmatic patients and analyse the relationship with quality of life. The asthmatic patients who were smokers were also identified.

Methods: A cross-sectional study using the survey method was conducted. Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS-A) was used to measure adherence, and The Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) was used for measuring the quality of life.

Results: 80 asthmatic patients from ten primary health care centers in Surabaya participated in this survey, predominantly female (56, 70.0%) and 45- 54 years of age (27, 33.8%). There were eight (10.0%) participants who were smokers. Most asthmatic patients were categorised to have intermittent asthma (41, 51.2%) and mostly received oral short-acting beta2-agonist (56, 41.0%). Fully adherence behaviour was only detected in 12 patients (15.0%). Most patients had a moderate quality of life (66, 82.5%). There was a low and positive relationship between adherence and quality of life (r = 0.296, p = 0.008).

Conclusions: Because medication adherence is linked to quality of life, health care providers should encourage adherence among asthmatic patients. The quality of life of asthmatic patients in primary care should be improved by further research. Also, there were asthmatic patients who were smokers who needed more help quitting.
Lung histopathological profile of male albino Wistar rats exposed to tobacco smoke administered ethanolic extract of red spinach
Authors: Idacahyati Keni , Agustiani Rani , Nurviana Vera , Wulandari Winda Trisna , Gustaman Firman
Published: March 2022

Background: Exposure to tobacco smoke, which contains free radicals, can cause oxidative stress in the lung. Oxidative stress can trigger lung inflammation due to dilation of the alveolar lumen, alveolar wall thickening, and inflammatory cellular infiltration. Red spinach (Alternanthera amoena Voss.) leaves have antioxidant activity in vitro, with IC50 = 4.32 μg/mL.  
Objective: To assess the antioxidant activity of red spinach in male albino Wistar rats.   
Methods: The rats were divided into five test groups of five rats each: the negative control (1% Na-CMC suspension), the positive control (vitamin C suspension), and three experimental groups receiving red spinach leaves at a dose of 200 mg/Kg BW, 400 mg/Kg BW, and 600 mg/Kg BW, respectively. All the rats were exposed to tobacco smoke for 14 days using three cigarettes in a smoking chamber. The right lung was taken for histopathology.   
Results: The results showed that doses of 200 mg/Kg BW, 400 mg/Kg BW, and 600 mg/Kg BW could reduce the level of lung damage, i.e. the enlarged alveolar lumen, thickened alveolar wall, and inflammatory cellular infiltration.     
Conclusion: The dose of 600 mg/Kg BW was effective in reducing the level of lung damage compared to the negative control.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Alpinia galanga extract with microwave irradiation and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli
Authors: Haryani Yuli , Melanie Yonatha , Novita Maria , Yuharmen  , Hendra Rudi , Kartika Ganis Fia
Published: March 2022

Background: This study deals with the rapid green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) by microwave irradiation using water extract of Alpinia galanga as a reducing agent.      
Methods: The effect of concentrations of water extract and silver nitrate aqueous solution (1 mM) on the synthesis was investigated using the ratios 1:1, 1:5, 1:10, and 1:20. The formation of Ag NPs was observed after being microwaved for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 seconds.    
Results: The best Ag NPs were produced from the ratio of 1:10 after 180 s irradiation, confirmed by the optimum absorbance at 450 nm using a UV-visible spectrophotometer. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the size of the Ag NPs was 50 nm. Their antibacterial activity was determined using Resazurin microtiter assay against Escherichia coli, and the results showed that it inhibited 94.4% of E. coli. It was significantly different (p < 0.05) with the inhibition of extract and Amoxsan, which inhibited 71.1% and 85.8% of E. coli, respectively.      
Conclusion: The use of microwave irradiation on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Alpinia galanga extract as a reducing agent appears to be rapid and eco-friendly.
Pancreatic histological studies in mice induced by alloxan and steeping okra coffee (Abelmoschus esculentus [L.] Moench)
Authors: Anggraeni Indiana Gita , Wahid Rahmat A Hi , Marfu’ah Nurul
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Those suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM) form one of the high-risk groups for developing severe illness from COVID-19. Steeping okra coffee (Abelmoschus esculentus [L.] Moench) is empirically used in DM treatment.    
Objective: To determine the pancreatic histology in mice induced by alloxan and steeping okra coffee (SOC).     
Method: This was an experimental research using 16 mice that were divided into four groups, 1) control group (alloxan and aquades) and SOC Group; 2-4), treated with steeping okra coffee at 1820, 3640, and 5460 mg/KgBW concentration for ten days.    
Results: The treatment groups 2 and 3 showed an improvement in the damage of acinar cells and islets of Langerhans by 100%. On the other hand, there was still 25% vacuolisation on the islets of Langerhans in the group 4 treatment group.     
Conclusion: The steeping okra coffee repaired the islets of Langerhans cells and acinar cells that were vacuolised.
Comparison and validation of EuroQol-5 Dimension level and Short Form-6 Dimension in cataract patients
Authors: Andayani Tri Murti , Kristina Susi Ari , Hidayaturahmah Rizky
Published: March 2022

Background: EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) and Short Form-6 dimension (SF-6D) are instruments that have been widely used to assess utility index as an outcome parameter in pharmacoeconomic studies. The choice of an instrument will have an important effect and can influence the decision making of an economic health evaluation.     
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the SF-6D and EQ-5D instruments to assess utility index in cataract patients.   
Methods: The study was conducted with on 448 cataract patients in a hospital in Yogyakarta. The subjects of the study were outpatient cataract patients over 45 years of age. The patient's health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using the SF-6D, EQ-5D, and visual function questionnaire instruments. The construct validity was tested including known group validity using the independent sample t test and ANOVA, convergent validity with the Spearman correlation, ceiling effect, and bland and Altmand plots.   
Results: A total of 448 cataract patients, mean age 64.7 (10.1) years, showed utility index assessed using the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D instruments, which were 0.7 (0.2) and 0.8 (0.1), respectively. Convergent validity shows that the EQ-5D-5L dimensions have a moderate to very strong correlation (0.4-0.9) with the dimensions on VFQ-25, as well as the SF-6D (0.4-0.8). The known group validity shows that both EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D can differentiate the patient's health status based on cataract surgery, visual acuity, and comorbidity. The Bland Altman plot shows the level of agreement between EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D of 91.7%. In better health status, the utility index of EQ-5D-5L is higher and vice versa, in the worse health status the utility index of SF-6D is higher. 
Conclusion: Both the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D instruments are valid for assessing the utility index in cataract patients. By using different instruments, there are differences in the utility value of cataract patients based on their health status. Therefore it is necessary to consider in choosing the instrument in assessing utility as an outcome parameter in pharmacoeconomic study.
Antioxidant activity assay of Agarwood leaf extract cream (Aquilaria malaccensis L.) using free radical scavenging method
Authors: Wahid Abdul Rahman , Fitriana Yuli , Wardani Alvi Kusuma , Listari Lisa Apriana Heru
Published: March 2022

Background: Agarwood leaves (A. malaccensis L.) are the part of the plant that is rich in antioxidants and contain phytochemicals, namely: alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins.

Objective: This research aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of cream-containing Agarwood leaf extract using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical. Method: The sample was extracted by 70% ethanol and formulated at concentrations of 1% weight/volume (w/v), 3% w/v, and 5% w/v. Physical characteristics and antioxidant activity were evaluated.

Results: The results showed that the agarwood leaf extract cream in all concentrations fulfilled all the requirements related to physical characteristics of good topical preparations, including organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and adhesion. The IC50 values of the agarwood leaf extract cream at the concentrations of 1% w/v, 3% w/v, and 5% w/v were 68.371, 62.602, and 57.756 ppm, respectively.

Conclusion: This research concluded that agarwood leaf extract cream has high antioxidant or free radical scavenging properties (50 ppm-100 ppm).
Signal detection of adverse drug reaction to first line anti tuberculosis drugs using the Indonesian pharmacovigilance database
Authors: Utami Setyo , Athiyah Umi , Nita Yunita
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Pharmacovigilance is a key component to identify risks associated with drug use. The safety of antituberculosis drugs (ATDs) is a concern.    
Aim: To detect first-line ATD signals in the Indonesian pharmacovigilance database.   
Methods: A retrospective cohort with a sample report of ADRs obtained from the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (NADFC) from 2012 to May 2018. The validity was seen from the completeness of the data. The signals found were verified against registered product labels, books, and reports from other countries' databases.   
Results: ATD ADRs reported was 5.3%. The ATD that met the requirements as a signal was rash maculopapular (PRR 4.53; ROR 6.19; IC 0.74 and p=035) for Rifampicin-Isoniazid-Pyrazinamide-Ethambutol (RHZE) and rash (PRR 2.94; ROR 4.23; IC 1.41 and p=0.046) for RH.   
Conclusion: Safety signals detected in the Indonesian pharmacovigilance database between 2012 and May 2018 were rash maculopapular.
Brotowali (Tinospora crispa L.) stem extract activity as an α-Amylase enzyme inhibitor
Authors: Hartini Yustina Sri , Setyaningsih Dewi , Chrismaurin Fetiana , Delfia Fila
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Reducing glucose absorption in the gastrointestinal tract is one of the strategies for treating diabetes mellitus. The condition of treating diabetes mellitus can be achieved by inhibiting the activity of the α-amylase enzyme. Brotowali (Tinospora crispa L.)/Tc has antihyperglycemic activity; compounds contained in the Tc stem can inhibit the activity of the α-amylase enzyme. The extraction of the Tc stem used for treatment was done with water and/or ethanol.

Aim: This study aimed to measure the inhibitory activity of the α-amylase enzyme in both aqueous and ethanolic extract Tc stem.

Methods: The inhibitory activity test of the α-amylase enzyme was carried out using the UV-visible spectrophotometric method.

Results: The aqueous extract and ethanolic extract of Tc stem had α-amylase enzyme inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 11.660 ± 0.310 mg/mL and 10.348 ± 0.313 mg/mL, respectively. The Tc stem extracted with water or ethanol can be used as an antidiabetic drug.
Evaluation of clinical pharmacy services in community health centres to support Indonesian health programme in West Java Indonesia
Authors: Komar Zaenal , Lestari Keri , Meiliana Anna , Mukti Ali Gufron
Published: March 2022

Background: The implementation of clinical pharmacy services is critical in Indonesia's community health centres (CHCs). However, there is a paucity of studies evaluating the implementation of such services. This study aimed to evaluate clinical pharmacy services by CHCs in West Java, Indonesia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used a self-completed questionnaire, including several indicators of the standard pharmacy services, to evaluate the implementation of clinical pharmacy services by CHCs in West Java, Indonesia.

Results: In total, 39 CHCs participated in this study. The home visits, drug therapy and adverse monitoring, counselling services, and drug use evaluation were not well performed as determined. In contrast, drug information services, rational use of medicine, and prescription have been well performed. There was no app or IoT (internet of things) system to support the clinical pharmacy services in Indonesia’s CHCs.

Conclusions: The performance of the clinical pharmacy services of accredited CHCs should be improved to support Community Health Centers in Indonesia.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO DESEJO E DA FALTA NA RELAÇÃO PROFESSOR E ALUNO NO AMBIENTE EDUCACIONAL
Authors: Souza da Penha do Nascimento Vanusa , Silva Diane Elias Rocha e , Araújo Aury Celia Pinto de , Pereira Diego Antônio de Souza , Silva Maria Oneide Sousa Lopes
Published: March 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a importância do desejo e da falta no processo educacional no contexto de sala de aula. Os objetivos específicos têm por finalidade conhecer a construção social do sujeito. Compreender a importância do desejo e da falta no processo de educar. Diante desses objetivos surge uma indagação: como o desejo e a falta contribuem na relação professor e aluno no contexto de sala de aula? Para a elaboração dessa pesquisa foram utilizadas as seguintes fontes metodológicas: livros, revista, site da internet etc.  Sendo que até o momento, estão sendo consultadas autores como:  Wallon, Freud etc. A utilização dessas metodologias serve de bases para a elaboração da redação da pesquisa.  Estes estudos têm abordado temas como: amor, desejo, falta, educar e aprendizagem.
A FÍSICA DAS OSCILAÇÕES MECÂNICAS EM INSTRUMENTOS MUSICAIS
Authors: Jacob Merian Souza da Penha , Carminati Janaria Candeias de Oliveira , Santos Leomar Vanderlei Rodrigues dos
Published: March 2022

Este artigo, demonstra uma proposta amparada nos dispositivos da educação no Brasil, conforme a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), na teoria da aprendizagem significativa de Ausubel. Diante disso, elaboramos uma aula prática para os alunos de um presídio do estado do Espírito Santo, desenvolvendo uma Sequência Didática sobre o conteúdo da disciplina de Física, a partir de uma experiência vivenciada na 2° etapa do Ensino Médio para Jovens e Adultos. Elaboramos uma aula prática para os alunos desta unidade prisional, dando um contexto para a discussão do tema. O objetivo é introduzir o ensino de física ondulatória de forma lúdica, por meio de instrumento musical - violão. A partir de ondas estacionárias em tubos sonoros e cordas vibrantes, foram elucidados: intensidade e timbre, relacionando com os conceitos básicos de ondas e frequência, amplitude, velocidade de propagação das ondas em cordas de diferentes densidades lineares, entre outros. O trabalho foi aplicado em um total de seis encontros, cada um com duração de 60 min. Nestes períodos foram trabalhadas aulas expositivas. A pergunta feita é: Como um instrumento musical pode auxiliar no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, do conteúdo ondulatória, da disciplina de física? Na unidade prisional, nos deparamos com um contexto bem peculiar: alunos com faixas etárias de idade, níveis de conhecimentos e culturais, diferenciadas, exigindo uma prática pedagógica que os ajudasse absolver este conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a experiência desenvolvida tornou a aula mais atrativa, facilitando a absorção do conteúdo ministrado.
The Assessment of Clay Briquettes from East of Erbil City Northern Iraq for Utilization in Various Building Applications
Authors: Surdashy Aveen , Aqrawi Ahmed
Published: March 2022

Assessment of clay briquettes for various building applications take into consideration, for this purpose seven clay samples by channel method collected from Injana, Mukdadiya and Bai Hassan Formations with Quaternary deposits in Bestana village, for the evaluation test purpose, 84 rectangular briquettes (1x4x8 cm) were prepared by semi-dry (8%water) pressing method (250Kg/cm²), fired at 800, 900, 1000, 1080ºC, for the evaluation tests of color, linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, water absorption, bulk density, efflorescence and modulus of rupture, and 28 cylindrical briquettes (4 cm height and diameter) were prepared for the evaluation test of compressive strength. The results showed that the color of the briquettes varied with different firing temperatures as a function of various mineralogical compositions. The dry sensitivity index measured for the studied ceramic briquettes, showed high dry sensitivity index, drying shrinkage and water content % values, due to this result they require low temperature drying for long periods by adding 7.96 to 13.54% water during briquette paste preparation. Comparing these evaluation test results with the International standard specifications for the ceramic industry No.25 (1988), 17 (1998), and C1167 (2003). This study showed the availability of using all of the studied samples in the brick industry, floor and wall tile industry, with Injana, Bai Hassan, and Quaternary deposits of Bestana village can be used in the roofing tile industry. Samples from Mukdadiyah and Bai Hassan Formations can be used as chemical resistant tiles when fired at 1080oC.
Reconnaissance Study of Gypsum from the Fatha Formation as Raw Material for Production of Gypsum Powder in Shaqlawa Area, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Abdula Rzger Abdulkarim , Khailany Rebwar , Samin Nian Wali , Pirouei Mohammad
Published: March 2022

The quality of gypsum rock as raw material from the Fatha Formation in Talajar Village in the Shaqlawa area for ground gypsum production was assessed. A total of three samples of gypsum were collected from different locations of the same horizon in the outcrop for comparing the chemical and physical properties according to the Iraqi Standard Specification 26-1988 and American Standard for Testing and Materials C471-16. The analyses of major oxides for the bulk gypsum samples especially the main components for gypsum (SO3, CaO, and combined water) showed good results and good purity. The apparent specific gravity and absorption of water were performed according to Iraqi Standard Specification 27-1988 at room temperature. These obtained data from chemical analyses and physical tests results revealed that the gypsum quality is in conformance with Iraqi Standard Specification requirements. The quality assessments from the study area show that the gypsum in the selected area is suitable as raw material for ground gypsum production.
Instrumento de avaliação do conhecimento cognitivo sobre os jogos e brincadeiras populares
Authors: Santos Elane da Silva , Oliveira Jeania Lima , Oliveira Antônio Ricardo Catunda de , Pontes Junior José Airton de Freitas
Published: March 2022

A avaliação educacional pode ser planejada dentro dos objetivos educacionais estabelecidos previamente pelo professor. A ação avaliativa combina técnicas, procedimentos e instrumentos fidedignos para a captação de informações acerca do desenvolvimento da aprendizagem discente. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi validar itens para avaliação cognitiva dos conteúdos dos jogos e brincadeiras populares para o 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental. O estudo caracterizou-se como descritivo de abordagem quali-quantitativa. Utilizou-se do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) para mensurar o nível de concordância do grupo de juízes em relação a aspectos definidos do instrumento e de seus itens. O instrumento proposto para validação inicialmente possuía 13 itens e após a avaliação do grupo de sete juízes foram excluídas 3 questões. O instrumento de 10 itens relacionados aos conteúdos dos jogos e brincadeiras populares possui evidência de validade de conteúdo.
Reflexões sobre o gênero masculino na dança escolar: um breve estado do conhecimento
Authors: Silva Dorgival Bezerra da , Villegas María Margarita
Published: March 2022

Esta pesquisa do tipo estado do conhecimento (ROMANOWSKI & ENS, 2006; FERREIRA, 2002), foi realizada com a finalidade de mapear estudos acadêmicos que discutem acerca do gênero masculino na dança e as suas relações com o ensino na escola pública, partindo do espaço ocupado pela dança no contexto escolar e os embates que estão relacionados às questões de gênero na escola. O estudo foi desenvolvido com dados primários obtidos através de teses e dissertações da BDTD, estas defendidas entre 2009 e 2019. Nos resultados, aspectos como: a desigualdade hierárquica dos papéis sociais entre sujeitos masculinos e femininos; e, a escola como reprodutora das desigualdades de gênero no âmbito das práticas corporais, leva-nos a percepção de uma fragilidade acerca dos tópicos sobre gênero, sexualidade e suas ramificações no cenário escolar, acentuando a necessidade de se fomentar essas discussões no contexto da efetivação pedagógica.
Turismo alternativo como elemento del desarrollo regional, Caso: Puerto Chale, Baja California Sur, México.
Authors: Valdez Guerrero Raquel , Robles Arias Isela Margarita , Ríos Calderón Graciela Guadalupe , Ochoa Rojas Perla Marina
Published: March 2022

En el estado de Baja California Sur, y específicamente en Puerto Chale el turismo es una oportunidad para el desarrollo regional, por las características del contexto, existen recursos distintivos naturales que aún no han sido aprovechados, como es el avistamiento de la ballena gris que, de enero a marzo de cada año, las costas se convierten en el santuario de la enorme ballena gris, que viaja más de 12,000 kilómetros, para aparearse y dar a luz a sus crías. Aunado a ello se puede observar grandes cantidades de pájaros que habitan en sus islas, la pesca y mariscos característicos del lugar, al lugar asisten turistas de todo el mundo, pero es muy poca la derrama económica debido que el lugar es muy virgen y no existe prestación de servicios de manera profesional, los habitantes se han dedicado a la pesca dejando de lado el desarrollo del turismo. El objetivo del proyecto es la propuesta de un plan para mejora de los incipientes servicios y productos que hoy se ofrecen en la localidad. El carácter de la investigación es aplicada, utilizando un método de trabajo con enfoque mixto donde se hace una investigación descriptiva documental y de campo, el procesamiento de la información se lleva a cabo con la utilización un sistema de gestión de diseño y control, como elemento base y primordial para el análisis y toma de decisiones. Los resultados obtenidos: Plan de acciones para mejorar los servicios y productos   que se ofrecen al turismo.
Population fluctuation of Anastrepha spp. in Creole mango in four locations in Vinces,
Ecuador
Authors: Meza Jorge , Rodríguez Alexander , Mendoza Edwin
Published: March 2022

Among species in the genus Anastrepha we find several key pests belonging to fruit crops of quarantine importance established by importing countries. The knowledge of population fluctuation of these pests, in certain areas is a starting point for designing control strategies. The population fluctuation of fruit flies was evaluated in four localities of the Vinces country, Los Ríos province (La Americana, Santa Martha, Primavera and Pavana). For this purpose, we used McPhail traps with hydrolyzed protein bait, and placed three traps per site into trees that are recognized hosts of fruit flies. Traps were reviewed weekly, and fly.trap‐1.day‐1 (FTD) index was determined, outcomes were correlated with climatic variables. Results show that population peaked in December, FTD was 5,94, temperature was 27,40°C and relative humidity 78%. We found a positive moderate correlation between the captured insects and the temperature expressed in °C, with a correlative value r = 0,61 and a negative correlation with relative humidity (r = ‐0.64). Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) was the most conspicuous with 3111 specimens, 1055 were found in La Americana, the location with the highest infestation.
Kompetensi Guru Pendidikan Islam Menggunakan Google Meet Untuk Pengajaran al-Quran
Authors: Moyang Siti Nurfitri , Abdul Razak Khadijah
Published: March 2022

Penggunaan aplikasi Google Meet dalam PdPc al-Quran secara talian merupakan satu kaedah yang disarankan oleh KPM. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti tahap pengetahuan dan kesediaan guru Pendidikan Islam terhadap aplikasi Google Meet dalam pengajaran al-Quran. Kajian ini berbentuk kajian tinjauan yang menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif telah dijalankan di daerah Padawan, Sarawak. Kajian ini melibatkan 87 orang guru Pendidikan Islam yang mengajar di sekolah rendah. Instrumen soal selidik digunakan untuk mengumpul data daripada responden. Data yang dikumpulkan melalui Google Form telah dianalisis dengan menggunakan perisian The Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 26.0. Hasil kajian menunjukkan tahap pengetahuan dan kesediaan guru Pendidikan Islam terhadap aplikasi Google Meet dalam pengajaran al-Quran adalah tinggi. Analisis mendapati bahawa tidak terdapat perbezaan tahap pengetahuan dan kesediaan guru Pendidikan Islam terhadap aplikasi Google Meet berdasarkan jantina. Justeru, kajian ini diharap dapat membantu guru serta pihak KPM dalam menambah baik usaha ke arah menjadikan guru yang berpengetahuan, berkemahiran serta bersedia untuk melaksanakan tugas dengan cemerlang. Pengkaji mencadangkan agar kajian lanjutan berkaitan pengintegrasian PdPc al-Quran secara dalam talian dapat dijalankan pada masa hadapan.
Hubungan antara Kompetensi Guru dengan Motivasi Murid Untuk Belajar dalam Norma Baharu
Authors: Rosli Muhammad Faiz , Ahmad Abd Razaq , M. Nasir M. Khalid
Published: March 2022

Dalam dunia pendidikan serba mencabar kini, masyarakat meletakkan harapan yang sangat tinggi terhadap guru dalam bidang pendidikan walaupun dunia sedang berhadapan dengan pandemik Covid-19. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti kompetensi guru dan motivasi belajar murid di salah sebuah sekolah di Subang Jaya di samping mengkaji pengaruh kompetensi guru terhadap motivasi belajar murid dalam norma baharu. Hasilnya harus dapat membantu guru melihat sejauh mana mereka telah mempraktikkan standard baharu untuk pengajaran di norma baharu dalam PdPR. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kuantitatif deskriptif dan menggunakan reka bentuk kajian korelasi serta persampelan rawak mudah untuk memilih sampel daripada 1091 orang populasi murid di sekolah rendah. Seramai 56 orang murid terlibat dalam kajian ini. Instrumen Soal selidik digunakan untuk mengumpul data. Perisian SPSS 26.0 telah digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Hipotesis kajian diuji menggunakan statistik deskriptif seperti kekerapan dan peratusan, serta statistik inferensi dalam bentuk pekali Korelasi Pearson. Hasil kajian menunjukkan tahap kompetensi guru mengikut persepsi murid (min = 3.54, SP = 0.533) dalam kalangan murid sekolah rendah di Subang Jaya sepanjang tempoh perintah kawalan pergerakan adalah berada pada tahap yang tinggi. Begitu juga dengan tahap motivasi belajar murid (min = 3.91, SP = 0.312). Keputusan hubungan kedua-dua pemboleh ubah pula menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tahap kompetensi guru mengikut persepsi murid (r = 0.393, p < 0.01) dengan motivasi belajar murid sepanjang tempoh perintah kawalan pergerakan. Usaha berterusan perlu dilaksanakan dalam meningkatkan kualiti guru serta motivasi belajar murid untuk membangunkan sistem pendidikan berkualiti walaupun tertampar dengan isu dan cabaran wabak koronavirus.
POTENSI EKSTRAK BAWANG HITAM SEBAGAI ANTITUBERKULAR MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Veronica Elvina , Dampati Putu Srinata , Bhargah Varennia , Chrismayanti Ni Kadek Sinta Dwi
Published: March 2022

Penyakit tuberkulosis (TBC) disebabkan oleh adanya bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis). Indonesia termasuk delapan negara dengan kasus TBC tertinggi di dunia (8% kasus). Banyaknya obat TBC dan durasi konsumsi obat yang lama seringkali menjadi alasan tidak tuntasnya obat TBC yang dikonsumsi sehingga terjadi kasus Multidrug Resistant (MDR) strain M. tuberculosis terhadap obat TBC. Saat ini, sekitar 45% kasus TBC sudah mengalami MDR. Bawang hitam merupakan fermentasi bawang putih selama 21 hari pada kelembaban 90% dan suhu 70OC sehingga warna, bau, dan rasa pada bawang menajadi manis keasaman. Studi bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak bawang hitam sebagai antitubercular M.tuberculosis. Studi merupakan studi tinjauan pustaka dengan mencari artikel terkait menggunakan kata kunci dalam 10 tahun terakhir pada browser Google Scholar, Pubmed, NCBI, Garuda. Bawang hitam memiliki antioksidan dan senyawa sulfur lebih tinggi dibandingkan bawang putih serta bersifat hepatoprotektor. Bawang hitam memiliki sifat antituberkular karena mengandung antioksidan dan sulfur yang dapat mengganggu proses metabolisme bakteri, menghambat proses transkripsi protein bakteri, mengaktifkan makrofag yang akan memfagositosis bakteri sehingga menghambat pertumbuhan serta menimbulkan kematian bakteri M.tuberculosis. Perlu studi lebih lanjut terkait dosis ekstrak yang diperlukan serta uji toksisitas.
EUSKAL OSASUN-SISTEMA JURIDIKOAREN KONTRATU-PROGRAMA
Authors: ARRATIBEL ARRONDO JOSÉ ANTONIO
Published: March 2022

La Ley de Ordenación Sanitaria de Euskadi dispone que en la Comunidad Autónoma de Euskadi se garantiza la existencia de una dotación de recursos de titularidad pública adecuada a las necesidades sanitarias, realizándose su planificación con criterios de racionalización de recursos. En este trabajo estudiamos esa relación jurídica que surge entre la Administración Sanitaria y las entidades públicas que proveen servicio de tal naturaleza. A los efectos de la citada ley, el contrato-programa constituye el instrumento jurídico mediante el cual se articulan de manera directa las relaciones entre
el Departamento competente en materia de sanidad y las organizaciónes sanitarias públicas para la provisión de servicios sanitarios. En definitiva, analizaremos este régimen jurídico contractual a la luz del derecho interno y comunitario.

Euskadiko Antolamendu Sanitarioaren Legeak, Euskadiko Autonomi Elkartean titularitate publikoko baliabideen hornidura egotea garantizatuko da; hornidura hori beharrizan sanitarioei egokituta egongo da, eta baliabideen arrazionaltasun-irizpideen arabera planifikatuko da. Horretarako, hots, Osasun Administrazioak zerbitzu sanitarioz hornitzeko edozein entitate publikoarekin ezartzen dituen harremanak interesatzen zaigu. Beraz, bi erakunde publikoen arteko harrenan juridikoaz (kontratoaz) ari gara. Kasu honetan, EAL-k «programa-kontratu» izeneko lanabes juridikoaren bidez zuzenean antolatzen dira osasun alorrean eskumena duen sailaren eta Osasun-erakunde publikoen artean zerbitzu sanitarioz hornitzeko gauzatzen diren harremanak. Beraz, lan honek Kontratu-programa ikuspuntu juridiko batetik aztertuko dut eta, azken finean, kontratu mota horren ezaugarri juridikoak kontratazioari buruzko Estatu zen Europako zuzenbidea kontuan harturik.

The Health Planning Act of Euskadi lays down that the Autonomous Community of Euskadi shall guarantee a suitable allocation of public resources in order to stand up to health care needs by planning a rationalization of resources. This paper deals with the study of the legal relationship between Public Health authorities and the public organizations that provide with public health services. For the purposes of the aforementioned Act, the programme-contract is the legal instrument which directly articulates the relationships between the competent Department in Public Health and the public health
care organizations which provide with medical care services. In short, we will analyse this contractual legal scheme in the light of domestic and Community law.