bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Protocol on Urogynecological Surgeries: 3 years of follow-up after implementation
Authors: Marquini a-Gisele Vissoci , Marra Juliana Marques , Samper Isabela Correa , Abreu Laura Aparecida Xavier , Anelvoi Rafaela Pereira , Alves Tania de Fatima , Marquini Emerson Ricardo , Pinto Rogério de Melo Costa , Uyeda i-Maria Gabriela Baumgarten Kuster , Sartori Marair Gracio Ferreira
Published: January 2023

Introduction. The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol for perioperative care recommends positive interventions to accelerate postoperative recovery, such as preoperative fasting abbreviation and prevention of thrombosis. Although applied in other surgical areas, data on its recommendations in urogynecological surgeries are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plausibility, reproducibility and impact of implementation of the main ERAS recommendations (preoperative fasting abbreviation and prevention of thrombosis) on urogynecological surgeries, in medical practice.
Methods. After approval by ethics committee and signature of the free and informed consent form by the patients, a purely observational study was carried out under abbreviation for preoperative fasting with 400 ml of clear liquid enriched with carbohydrate and protein 4 hours and thromboprophylaxis approaches in urogynecological surgeries, from 2015 to 2019 in a medium complexity hospital, with analysis of parameters such as thrombotic events, length of stay and patient satisfaction on recovery after surgery.
Results.Of 280 elective surgeries with abbreviation for preoperative fasting, the most frequent urogynecological procedures were: 85 (24.42%) posterior colpoplasties, 67 (19.25%) minor labioplasties and 36 (10.34%) midurethral slings. For venous tromboembolism prophylaxis subcutaneous enoxaparina (0,5mg/Kg) was used in 170 (60.07%) patients at moderate risk for thrombosis and mechanical measures for those at low risk, without thromboembolic complications. Mean hospitalization time was of one day.
Conclusions. According to this study, abbreviation of preoperative fasting as described and thromboprophylaxis from ERAS recommendations were plausible, reproducible in medical practice and can be stimulated in urogynecological surgeries to accelerate the postoperative recovery.
Additional single dose GnRH agonist during luteal phase support may improve live birth rate in GnRHa-HRT frozen–thawed embryo transfer cycle: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chang Wei-Shan , Lin Pei-Hsuan , Li Chia-Jung , Chern Chyi-Uei , Chen Yu-Chen , Lin Li-Te , Tsui Kuan-Hao
Published: January 2023

Background
GnRH agonist (GnRHa) has been reported to have direct effects and functional roles in the endometrium and embryos. Several meta-analyses have shown that GnRHa administration in the luteal phase improved the live birth rate or pregnancy rate in both fresh and frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. The aim of this study was to investigate whether luteal GnRHa administration could also improve in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in patients undergoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) cycles with GnRHa suppression.
Methods
The retrospective cohort study included a total of 414 patients undergoing GnRHa-HRT FET cycles. The study group included 216 patients receiving an additional single dose of GnRHa in the luteal phase following embryo transfer. A total of 198 patients in the control group did not receive luteal GnRHa. The baseline and cycle characteristics and reproductive outcomes were compared between the two groups.
Results
Baseline and cycle characteristics were similar between the two groups, except lower AMH levels were found in the luteal GnRHa group than in the control group. The luteal GnRHa group had a significantly higher ongoing pregnancy rate and live birth rate than the control group. The multivariate analysis revealed that luteal GnRHa administration was positively associated with ongoing pregnancy (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.01–2.72, P = 0.048) and live birth (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.01–2.75, P = 0.044). When the subgroup of patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) was analyzed, the multivariate analysis also showed that luteal GnRHa administration had beneficial effects on ongoing pregnancy (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.14–6.82, P = 0.024) and live birth (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.15–7.22, P = 0.023).
Conclusions
Our data suggest that the addition of one luteal dose of GnRHa may improve the live birth rate in patients undergoing the GnRHa-HRT protocol, especially in RIF patients.
Fever and leukemoid reaction in bladder cancer: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Huang Tianrun , Xu Jiguo , Lu Jingyuan , Alimu Parehe , Chen Chunlei , Chu Chenlong , Liu Jianhe
Published: January 2023

Background: to discuss the diagnosis, treatment and mechanism of leukemoid reaction in bladder cancer.
Methods: to present and analyze the clinical data of a patient who had urothelial carcinoma complicated with leukemoid reaction
Result: The patient had years of smoking history. He underwent six TURBT operations during the time of 31st Aug 2015 to 26th Oct 2022. Pathological diagnosis deteriorated from low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma to high-grade. The patient did not keep to regular bladder perforation or routine follow-up cystoscopy. He also refused radical resection intervention. Last CT results show the following: multiple tumors in the bladder, bilateral ureter bladder entrance invasion, bilateral renal pelvis and ureter dilatation , multiple lymphadenopathy in the pelvis and along the right iliac artery. After cystoscopy examination and urethral catheter was placed, creatinine level gradually decreased. However, body temperature raised from 38 oC to 40o C. White blood cell count increased from 67.83*109/L (neutrophils being 64.5*109/L) to 72.17*109/L (neutrophils being 70.27*109/L). The patient was considered to have leukemoid reaction complicated with bladder cancer. The patient refused to have bone marrow biopsy, palliative care was provided instead. The patient passed away on 28th Oct 2022.
Conclusion: Bladder cancer patients complicated with leukemoid reactions are rarely reported clinically. Even after surgical resection, the outcome was poor. Monitoring of G-CSF level in blood can help to make predictions of the patient’s health condition. Blocking the G-CSF signaling pathway might work as a future therapeutic target for bladder cancer complicated with leukemia reaction.
The Application of Biomaterials in Ecological Remediation of Land Pollution: Bioremediation of Heavy Metals in Cement Contaminated Soil Using White-Rot Fungus Pleurotus sajor-caju
Authors: Bukola Raheem Waliyyat , Omowunmi Fadina Olubunmi , Omowumi Idowu Olufunmilayo , Olalekan Raimi Morufu , Iyingiala Austin-Asomeji
Published: January 2023

Environmental pollution is a result of cement manufacture. Soil and plant analysis at the Lafarge Cement Factory (LCF) as well as bioremediation of soils contaminated with cement at various concentrations were done. Human-induced heavy metal mobilization in the biosphere has developed into a significant phenomenon. This study used atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine the levels of Ni, Cr, Pb, and Zn in 15 soil samples and 36 Synedrella nodiflora plants that were taken from the area around the Lafarge Cement factory in Sagamu, Nigeria (AAS). The findings of the metal study showed that some metals exceeded the essential limitations for the soil and plants, as well as the natural background levels. The white-rot fungus Pleurotus sajor-caju was investigated for its ability to mineralize heavy metals. Five kilograms of soil was carefully weighed and thoroughly mixed with cement to give 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% contamination levels, five kilograms of the contaminated soil from the vicinity of the cement factory with an unknown percentage level of contamination was also weighed and a set control was also weighed (0%). Following the addition of the fungus to the soil samples using rice straw as a substrate, the samples were incubated for a month. After a month of the fungus' incubation, the soil's heavy metal level significantly decreased. After a month, P. sajor-caju was able to mineralize the heavy metals and improve the soil's nutrients. In order to initiate the ecological restoration process for soil contaminated by cement, P. sajor-caju can be used as a bioremediation agent.
The Nitric Oxide Problem: Can Proton Pump Inhibitors Delay Fistula Maturation?
Authors: DISKIN CHARLES J. , Dansby Linda , Thomas Carter , Radcliff Lautrec , Diskin Charles Dyer
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION: We have previously shown that the position and presence of a hemodialysis catheter will delay maturation of the first fistula created for hemodialysis patients. Since that publication it has been suggested that the use of a proton pump inhibiter will adversely affect endothelial function. We therefore re-examined our data base to determine of the adverse effect of proton pump inhibiters on the endothelial would also delay fistula maturation.
METHODS: This was the re-examination of a database from a prospective observational study of 808 patients who underwent the creation of an autologous arteriovenous fistula for their first hemodialysis access who were evaluated for the length of use of a temporary catheter. The variables studied for their effect upon catheter use included: location in the forearm or upper arm, age, the presence of diabetes, vascular disease or smoking history. To those variables we added the use of a proton pump inhibiter.
FINDINGS: For upper arm fistulas, the use of a proton pump inhibiter appeared to delay upper arm fistula maturation (p=0.01) but not forearm maturation when in the presence of a long-term dialysis catheter (p=0.44).
DISCUSSION: Proton pump inhibiter use may adversely affect or delay fistula maturation, but further study is needed.
iPACK block vs. periarticular injection for total knee arthroplasty. A comprehensive review
Authors: Domagalska Małgorzata , Wieczorowska-Tobis Katarzyna , Geisler-Wojciechowska Alicja , Grochowicka Monika , Kowalski Grzegorz
Published: January 2023

Introduction
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is commonly performed in patients with end-stage osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis of the knee to reduce joint pain, increase mobility and improve quality of life. However, TKA is associated with moderate to severe postoperative pain, which remains a significant clinical challenge. Surgeon-administered PAI and anesthesiologist-administered iPACK have proven viable alternatives to conventional peripheral nerve blocks. This review aims to discuss which IPACK block or periarticular injection, combined or not with different peripheral nerve blocks, has better effects on postoperative rehabilitation, patient satisfaction, and overall outcome.
Material and Method
The literature was reviewed through four electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Embase.
Results
The initial search yielded 494 articles. Fifty-eight relevant articles were selected based on relevance, recentness, search quality, and citations. Six studies compared PAI to peripheral nerve block (PNB), and eight studies checked the effectiveness of adding PNB to
PAI. Three studies compared iPACK to PNB, and ten studies checked the effectiveness of adding PNB to iPACK.
Conclusions
The best analgesic effect is obtained by combining PAI or iPACK with a peripheral nerve block, particularly with ACB, due to its analgesic and motor-sparing effect, and satisfactory analgesia
Mathematical Model of Oxygen Transport in Tuberculosis Granulomas II: Transvascular and Interstitial Convection, Diffusion, and Reaction
Authors: Datta Meenal , Kennedy McCarthy , Via Laura E. , Baish James W. , Xu Lei , Dartois Veronique ,   Clifton E. Barry, 3rd, Jain Rakesh K.
Published: January 2023

Physiological abnormalities in pulmonary granulomas – pathological hallmarks of tuberculosis (TB) – compromise the transport of oxygen, nutrients, and drugs. In prior studies, we demonstrated mathematically and experimentally that hypoxia and necrosis emerge in the granuloma microenvironment (GME) as a direct result of limited oxygen availability. Building on our initial model of avascular oxygen diffusion, here we explore additional aspects of oxygen transport, including the roles of granuloma vasculature, transcapillary transport, plasma dilution, and interstitial convection, followed by cellular metabolism. Approximate analytical solutions are provided for oxygen and glucose concentration, interstitial fluid velocity, interstitial fluid pressure, and the thickness of the convective zone. These predictions are in agreement with prior experimental results from rabbit TB granulomas and from rat carcinoma models, which share similar transport limitations. Additional drug delivery predictions for anti-TB-agents (rifampicin and clofazimine) strikingly match recent spatially-resolved experimental results from a mouse model of TB. Finally, an approach to improve molecular transport in granulomas by modulating interstitial hydraulic conductivity is tested in silico.
Die Rolle des PI3-K/Akt/mTOR-Signalwegs in der Acne inversa
Authors:   , Dmitriev Angelina
Published: January 2023

Acne inversa ist eine chronisch entzündliche Hauterkrankung der Terminalhaarfollikel und Talgdrüsen, die sich zu schmerzhaften tiefsitzenden Knoten entwickelt, welche in Abszessen und Fistelgängen resultieren können und mit starken Schmerzen und psychischen Belastungen für die Patienten einhergehen. Die Pathophysiologie der AI ist bisher nur unzureichend verstanden. Es wird angenommen, dass die IL-23-TH17-IL-17-Achse eine wichtige Rolle in der Pathogenese der AI spielt. Neben der Hyperkeratose im Bereich des Terminalhaarfollikels scheinen die entzündlichen Infiltrate im Bereich der Epidermis eine psoriasiforme Hyperplasie zu induzieren. In vorangegangenen Arbeiten konnte gezeigt werden, dass der mTORC1-Signalweg (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1), welcher durch Zytokine wie IL-1β, TNF-α und IL-17A aktiviert wird, in der Pathogenese der Psoriasis vulgaris von großer Bedeutung ist. Aufgrund immunologischer und histologischer Gemeinsamkeiten beider Erkrankungen ist es denkbar, dass der mTORC1-Signalweg ebenfalls bei der Pathogenese und Progression der AI eine Rolle spielt, was im Rahmen dieser Arbeit untersucht werden sollte. Immunhistochemische Färbungen für phosphorylierte Komponenten des Signalwegs zeigten eine stark erhöhte mTORC1-Aktivität in den AI-Läsionen. Diese war abhängig vom Schweregrad der AI-Läsion sogar teilweise höher als in der Psoriasis vulgaris. Die starke Aktivierung der mTORC1-Kaskade korrelierte mit Stellen, die eine aberrante Expression von Differenzierungs-, Proliferations- und Entzündungsmarkern aufwiesen. Auffällig war ebenfalls die starke STAT3-Aktivierung, welche durch erhöhte Phosphorylierung an Y705 und S727 gemessen werden konnte und auch auf eine Beteiligung dieses Signalwegs an der Pathogenese hindeutet. Da es Hinweise auf Überschneidungen zwischen dem mTORC1-Signalweg und der ebenfalls in der Psoriasispathogenese involvierten STAT3- Kaskade gibt, wurde dieser Zusammenhang untersucht. Es konnte in vitro gezeigt werden, dass psoriasis-typische Zytokine eine Phosphorylierung von STAT3 an S727 induzieren, was durch die Behandlung mit dem mTOR-Inhibitor Rapamycin gehemmt werden konnte. Zusammenfassend deuten die hier gewonnenen Daten darauf hin, dass der PI3-K/Akt/mTOR-Signalweg, aber auch die JAK/STAT3-Kaskade eine entscheidende Rolle in der Acne inversa-Pathogenese spielen und damit potenziell neue Angriffspunkte für die Entwicklung neuer Therapien darstellen können. Damit geben die gezeigten Ergebnisse vielversprechende Ansatzpunkte um pharmakologisch gut etablierte Medikamente wie z.B. Sirolimus oder Tofacitinib als neue Ansätze für die AI-Therapie weiter zu untersuchen.
Neutron capture on gallium in the astrophysical s process using time of flight
Authors:   , Kurtulgil Cem Deniz
Published: January 2023

The stellar nucleosynthesis of elements heavier than iron can primarily be attributed to neutron capture reactions in the s and r process. While the s process is considered to be well understood with regards to the stellar sites, phases and conditions where it occurs, nucleosynthesis networks still need accurate neutron capture cross sections with low uncertainties as input parameters. Their quantitative outputs for the isotopic abundances produced in the s process, coupled with the observable solar abundances, can be used to indirectly infer the expected r process abundances. The two stable gallium isotopes, 69Ga and 71Ga, have been shown in sensitivity studies to have considerable impact on the weak s process in massive stars. The available experimental data, mostly derived from neutron activation measurements for quasi-stellar neutron spectra at kBT = 25 keV, show disagreements up to a factor of three. Determining the differential neutron capture cross section can provide input data for the whole range of astrophysically relevant energies. To that end, a neutron time of flight experimental campaign at the n_TOF facility at CERN was performed for three months, using isotopically enriched samples of both isotopes. The data taken at the EAR1 experimental area covered a wide neutron energy range from thermal to several hundred keV. The respective differential and spectrum averaged neutron capture cross sections for 69Ga and 71Ga were determined in this thesis. They show good agreement with the evaluated cross sections for 71Ga, but reproduce the deviations from the evaluated data that other, more recent activation measurements showed for 69Ga.
Die Wirksamkeit der manuellen Lymphdrainage bei Patienten mit hämophiler Arthropathie
Authors:   , Dayo John Wilfred
Published: January 2023

In der vorliegenden randomisiert-kontrollierten Cross-Over-Studie wurde erstmals die Wirksamkeit einer Manuellen Lymphdrainage (MLD) bei 14 männlichen Hämophilie A/B-Patienten (Durchschnittsalter 37,2 Jahre) untersucht. Die Patienten erhielten im achtwöchigen Behandlungszeitraum zweimal pro Woche eine 30-minütige Lymphdrainagebehandlung (Periode 1). Nach vierwöchiger Wash-Out-Phase folgte ein weiterer achtwöchiger Nicht- Behandlungszeitraum (Periode 2). Je nach Gruppenzuweisung starteten die Patienten mit Periode 1/Wash-Out/Periode 2 oder in umgekehrter Reihenfolge Periode 2/Wash-Out/Periode 1. Folgende Untersuchungsparameter wurden an vier zeitlichen Messpunkten erhoben: Schmerz (VAS), Gelenkbeweglichkeit (ROM), Hemophilia Joint Health Score 2.1 (HJHS) und Oberflächentemperatur (Infrarotthermografie). In der Cross-Over-Analyse zeigte der Parameter „Schmerz“ eine signifikante Wirksamkeit der MLD (p=0,003): 66,7% der Patienten gaben eine deutliche Schmerzreduktion an, 33,3% der Patienten gaben eine leichte Schmerzreduktion an. Im HJHS reduzierte sich im Median die Punktzahl um 2,8 Punkte (p= 0,017). Insbesondere im Item „Gelenkschmerzen“ zeigte sich eine Reduktion des Scores um mindestens einen Punktwert bei 58,3 % der Patienten. Der erhobene HJHS- Score weist eine hohe interne Validität auf, da der Test ausschließlich von einem Expertentherapeuten durchgeführt wurde. Die MLD hatte keinen klinisch relevanten Einfluss auf die Gelenkbeweglichkeit bei Extensions-/Flexionsbewegungen (p=0,3025/p=0,1082). Die Infrarotthermografie (IRT) zeigte durchschnittliche Änderungen der Oberflächentemperatur eines Zielgelenks um insgesamt + 0,38°C (p=0,639). Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass die MLD einen signifikanten schmerzlindernden Effekt bei Patienten mit hämophiler Arthropathie besitzt. Dies geht mit einem insgesamt verbesserten HJHS-Score einher. Im Kontext der Gelenkbeweglichkeit zeigte die MLD keine klinisch relevante Verbesserung des artikulären Bewegungsausmaßes. Die veränderte Oberflächentemperatur im Bereich der behandelten Target Joints lässt am ehesten eine lokale Stoffwechselanregung durch MLD vermuten. Ein Placebo-Effekt kann nicht ausgeschlossen werden, da durch die körperliche Zuwendung im Rahmen der MLD eine positive Auswirkung auf das subjektive Schmerzempfinden eine Rolle spielen könnte. Für eine weitere Objektivierung und eine Empfehlung für eine klinische Anwendung der MLD bei Patienten mit hämophiler Arthropathie sind multizentrische, randomisierte Kontrollstudien mit höheren Fallzahlen erforderlich.
IN SEARCH OF THE MOON
Authors: Musonnif Ahmad
Published: January 2023

This article deals with varieties of epistemological methods in calculating days of lunar calendar (hijri), mainly on the beginning date of months. Examining different methods in Indonesian Islamic-scape, it argues that there are three epistemological models which are rooted at Islamic classical epistemologies; the ahl al-hadith (textualist), the ahl al-ra‎y (contextualist), and the intuitive sufi. The ahl al-hadith emphasizes on the empirical rukyatul-hilal (witnessing the moon), whereas the ahl al-ra’y strongly concerns on the mathematically rational method. The sufi, not so popular in Indonesia but influential in some sufi circles, deploys the intuitive kashf (uncovering) method. In some cases, these three are however intertwined and in contradiction one to another. The article futher argues that different method-in-use is strongly influenced the local spesificties of diverse Indonesian Muslim’s backgrounds, and groupings.
ARTICULATING TAKFIR
Authors: Asrori Saifudin , Bakhtiar Amsal
Published: January 2023

Takfir is an ideology of excommunicating fellow Muslims because of having different beliefs or expressing a different point of view. This article deals with the development of the takfir doctrine which separates some groups not only based on theological aspects but also on socio-political aspects, such as justifying the democratic system or collaborating with enemies of Islam. It particularly addresses the question of how Ayman al-Zawahiri globalized the takfir doctrine as a campaign against secularism, capitalism, human rights, and environmental crisis, in order to invite local jihadist groups to fight together in a global sphere.
TOLERANCE WITHOUT LIBERALISM
Authors: Amal M Khusna , Saat Norshahrir
Published: January 2023

There has been a rising Islamic fundamentalism, and intolerance cases in contemporary Indonesia. The fundamentalism problem in Indonesia particularly points to the Wahhābi for its puritanical ideology as the root of the intolerance cases. This article aims to analyse Indonesia’s largest Muslim organization, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and its responses towards the Wahhābi group. Being the forefront for the struggle against fundamentalist Muslim groups in post-New Order Indonesia, this article argues that NU adopts an intolerant approach in dealing with Wahhābi groups and their Islamic dakwah (preaching) activism. Taking a close look at a local branch of NU in Jember, East Java, the organisation’s approach is indeed ambiguous. On the one hand, NU calls for religious moderation, pluralism, and anti-violence approaches, but on the other hand, it also violates the principle of pluralism and democracy and is prone to authoritarianism for banning the Wahabi group’s rights to establish their educational institution in Jember. Based on a series of field research, this article contributes to the complexities of NU’s responses towards religious pluralism and the limits of the NU’s tolerance in contemporary Indonesia.
Effects of friction pendulum bearing wear on seismic performance of long-span continuous girder bridge
Authors: Li Chong , Zhang Pengfei , Li Yue , Zhang Jingyue
Published: January 2023

To clear the wear effect of friction pendulum bearings (FPBs) on the seismic performance of multiple long-span continuous girder bridges, the rapid sliding performance test of the FPBs was carried out to get the wear degree of the modified poly tetra fluoroethylene (PTFE) wear plates. Taking a 6×110 m long-span continuous girder bridge as the engineering background, the seismic response of the bridge with different wear degrees of the FPBs was analyzed. The results show that the modified PTFE wear plate of the FPBs was severely worn in the rapid sliding performance test, and the friction coefficient was first increased to 0.09 and then decreased to 0.016. When the maximum displacement was reached, the bearing collided with the limitation block. Moreover, the internal forces of the critical pier were increased, and the bottom of the piers entered plasticity due to the wear of the FPBs. Due to the change in the seismic performance of the bridge, it is suggested that the rapid sliding performance of FPBs should be tested to ensure the structure safety of the long-span continuous girder bridge in rare earthquakes.
El contrato Spot en la compraventa de banano en el ecuador: retos de lege ferenda
Authors: Navarro Hernández Raudel
Published: January 2023

En el presente trabajo se explica la analogía del contrato spot, tradicionalmente asociado a la compraventa bursátil, con la compraventa y suministro mercantil de musáceas que se configuran en el marco de las relaciones comerciales entre los actores del mercado bananero en el Ecuador. Se caracteriza el actual marco jurídico bananero, de acuerdo con el cual resulta incompatible la variante de los contratos spots; frente al hecho de que, en la práctica, es una manifestación recurrente entre los productores, comercializadores y/o exportadores. Se analizan las ventajas que supone la implementación de contratos spots en la comercialización de estas frutas, desde una perspectiva constitucional y se propone que de lege ferenda sea una variante reconocida legal y debidamente protegida como una natural manifestación del principio de la autonomía de la voluntad en el ámbito del derecho privado en general, y del de obligaciones y contratos en particular.
La conciliación extrajudicial en materia contencioso administrativo y su intento por la descongestión judicial
Authors: Galofre Campo Andres
Published: January 2023

La Ley 640 de 2001 modifica normas relativas a la conciliación, solucionando las diferentes controversias entre sujetos particulares, concebida por la Constitución Política de 1991 con la finalidad de reducir el uso de las vías jurisdiccionales para resolver conflictos.
El objetivo del texto es un análisis enfocado en el cumplimiento del propósito de descongestionamiento del aparto judicial en Colombia mediante la conciliación extrajudicial, mediante estadísticas presentadas por la Procuraduría General de la Nación.
Por último, la finalidad que trae la figura acarrea un contenido loable y de aplaudir, el cual uno de ellos es la descongestión del aparato judicial, al margen de dicha finalidad, la realidad nos ha enseñado que en la práctica está alcanzando los fines para los cuales fue establecida a pesar de sus opositores.
Algebra of fuzzy numbers with unimodal membership function
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Germashev Ilya V. , Derbisher Evgeniya V. ,   Volgograd State Technical University, Derbisher Vyacheslav E. ,   Volgograd State Technical University, Kartashova Anna V. ,   Volgograd State Socio-Pedagogical University, Titov Alexander V. ,   Volgograd State University
Published: January 2023

Fuzzy numbers with a unimodal membership function are presented, which have found application in the fuzzy analysis of such subject fields as ecology, chemical technology. In this article, a set of fuzzy numbers with an unimodal membership function of a special type is considered. Two binary operations (addition and multiplication) are given over this set, formulas for calculation are obtained and some properties of this algebra are investigated. It is proved that addition and multiplication are commutative and associative. Moreover, multiplication is distributive over addition. It is shown that there are no neutral and inverse elements over both operations. Note that if we add neutral elements under addition and multiplication to the given algebra, we will obtain a commutative semiring. The conditions under which quasineutral or quasiinverse elements exist are also given.
Algebraic solution of optimal scheduling problems subject to due dates for start time of project jobs
Authors:   St Petersburg Branch of Design Bureau “Luch”, Gubanov Sergei А.
Published: January 2023

A direct solution is proposed for problems of drawing up the optimal schedule for jobs in a project based on using models and methods of tropical optimization. The problems of the development of an optimal plan are reduced to problems of tropical optimization, which consist in minimizing the objective function under given strict constraints on the start and finish time of jobs. As optimality criteria of the plan the maximum deviation from the due dates of the start of the jobs of the project is taken, which needs to be minimized. Strict time constraints for the jobs are given in the form of precedence relations and bounds for the start and finish times of the jobs. Such tasks arise if it is necessary for one reason or another (for example, due to technological limitations or safety requirements) to start jobs at specified time. In the article constraints and objective functions are first described in terms of ordinary mathematics and then the considered problems of project sheduling are set. Elements of tropical mathematics are discussed which are necessary for the presentation of the problems of drawing up the optimal schedule in a tropical form. Then the sheduling problems are formulated in terms of the idempotent mathematics and reduced to the problem of tropical optimization. Solution of the problems are presented in an explicit analytical form, which well suited for both formal analysis and numerical computations. An explanatory numerical example is provided at the end of the article.
Application of the Nelder-Mead method to optimize the selecting of the Likhachev-Volkov model constants
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ivanov Aleksei M. , Belyaev Fedor S. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Volkov Aleksandr E. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Belyaev Sergey P. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Resnina Natalia N. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2023

A new method was proposed for selecting constants of the modified Likhachev - Volkov microstructural model to describe the reversible strain variation during isothermal martensitic transformation in Ti49Ni51 alloy. The experimental data were approximated by solving the optimization problem using the Nelder - Mead method. A set of model parameters was found that provided the best approximation. Using the selected constants set, model qualitatively and quantitatively describe the strain variation during cooling and heating of the model sample, as well as during isothermal holding under constant stress. The proposed method of selecting constants allowed performing the smallest number of numerical experiments without requiring additional real experiments.
Stability of floating barges with trapezoidal and pentagonal sections
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Smirnov Aleksey S. ,   Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khashba Timur N. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: January 2023

The issues of stability of the symmetrical equilibrium position of floating barges in liquid, which have trapezoidal and pentagonal sections, are discussed in the paper. The basic principles of static analysis necessary for studying the stability of floating bodies are given. The exact expression for the potential energy of a floating body is constructed and its quadratic approximation is calculated near the investigated equilibrium state for both problems under consideration. Stability conditions are obtained in terms of dimensionless parameters on the basis of these expressions, and each of the problems under discussion has three such parameters. It is checked that for particular variants of a rectangular pontoon and a triangular boat, the previously known results follow from the found stability conditions in both problems. The found solutions are illustrated as a series of stability regions on the plane of two dimensionless parameters when the value of the third parameter varies. This graphical interpretation allows to establish the main qualitative and quantitative features of the constructed solutions and draw key conclusions. The obtained results are interesting from a theoretical point of view and may be of some practical value.
Implication and development of the legal system of the pilot free trade zones with Chinese characteristics
Authors:   Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, Liu Xiaohong , Zhang Zhengyi ,   Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, Gong Nan ,   Heilongjiang University
Published: January 2023

Ever since its birth, the legal system of the Pilot Free Trade Zones with Chinese characteristics has face a relatively severe external environment and realistic internal motivation. Through the exploration of institutionalizing authorized legislation, the legal system of the Pilot Free Trade Zones has formed a multi-level normative system. Five areas represented by investment system reform, trade facilitation, financial reform, administration, and dispute settlement mechanisms constitute the core contents of the legal innovation of Pilot Free Trade Zones with Chinese characteristics. The legal system of the zones is a top-level design of China’s response to the complicated international background, the inevitable requirement to promote institution-based opening-up, the centralized embodiment of high standard economic and trade rules, the inevitable way to improve social and global governance, and the experimental field to promote the practice and innovation of the rule of law reform. With the upgrade and expansion of Pilot Free Trade Zones, the establishment of Hainan Free Trade Port, the zones face corresponding challenges of capacity upgrade, replication and promotion, and pilot acceleration, which need to further expand the function of integrated innovation, in line with the international economic and trade standards, to promote deepening reform and achieve high quality development. The rule of law construction in China’s pilot free trade zones should adhere to the combination of the positioning of the rule of law and problem orientation, further clarify the positioning of the rule of law in the pilot free trade zones under the conditions of high-level opening up, and strengthen the state’s top-level design for the legislation of the pilot zones across the country. Focus on the implementation and promotion of the rule of law construction in China’s pilot free trade zones.
Criminal law regulation of countering cybercrime in China: State, trends and shortcomings
Authors:   Henan University, Wang Guanglong
Published: January 2023

In modern China, cybercrime is becoming more widespread, which has given rise to the need to rethink criminal law at the basic theoretical level. It seems that when countering crimes in cyberspace, it is necessary to shift the focus of cyber-criminal law from the traditional “network-centric” to “data-oriented” and to build a system for the protecting legal benefits of “data centralism”. In addition, the expansion of the objective components of cybercrime should be moderate: certain cyber-violations cannot be qualified as “illegal entrepreneurship”, as this contradicts the principle of legality of criminal law. The content of “knowingness” as a sign of the subjective side of the crime should be rethought: it should include such different forms as: a) the presence of collusion with other persons to assist in the commission of criminal acts; b) lack of collusion between the person providing assistance and the perpetrator, but the previous one, knowing that a particular perpetrator he is going to commit a certain criminal act, provides online support and assistance to the latter; c) online help providers who only have a probable idea of the existence of criminal acts, but do not have a clear idea of the culprit and the type of behavior of criminal acts, and as such there can be no collusion with the perpetrator of criminal acts, only objectively assists the culprit’s act. The theoretical basis for identifying complicity in cybercrime should be adjusted by approving “one-sided” subjective connection. Ultimately, through systematic adjustment and rethinking of the basic theory of criminal law in this area, the gradual improvement of criminal law norms to regulate the fight against cybercrime in the era of information networks is being carried out.
On the question of the state succession legality
Authors:   Russian Scientific Centre “Applied Chemistry (GIPH)”, Garkusha-Bozhko Sergei Yu.
Published: January 2023

On December 10, 2019, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation issued Decision № 39-P, and in his opinion, judge Aranovskii described the USSR as an “illegitimately established state” and called for Russia not to be considered the legal successor of the USSR. Thus, judge Aranovskii touched upon the sphere of State succession, the regulation of which is related to international law and not to constitutional law. In particular, Aranovskii raised such problems as the legality of succession. Relevant provisions on legality are also included in existing international treaties on the succession of states, such as the 1978 Vienna Convention on the succession of states in respect to treaties and the 1983 Vienna Convention on the succession of states in respect to state property, state archives, and public debts, as well as Articles on the nationality of natural persons in relation to the succession of states. The issue of the legality of state succession was also highlighted in the second report on the issue of state succession in respect of responsibility for internationally wrongful acts by the International Law Commission Special Rapporteur Pavel Šturma. Research on this issue is important because the provisions on Russia as the legal successor to the USSR were proposed as one of the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which will be approved by the Russian people in an all-Russian vote. In order to make a legal assessment of the legality of state succession, it is important to analyse the history of the relevant provisions in existing international treaties, as well as to analyse the relevant international legal practice on this issue. This research will assess the reasonableness of both the opinion of judge Aranovskii and the corresponding amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Legal behavior under the technological paradigm change and modern social transformations
Authors:   The Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, Pashentsev Dmitrii A.
Published: January 2023

The article identifies the key areas of change in legal behavior associated with high-tech dynamics of social development. Modern technologies that form a new paradigm and the ongoing social changes, primarily resulting from the pandemic, have been examined from the perspective of modern post-classical methodology. The provisions of constructivism and anthropocentrism were used as the guidelines for modern sociological jurisprudence. Interdisciplinary synthesis combines the achievements of psychology and sociology. The theory of technological paradigms developed by domestic economists as well as an examination of the impact of new technologies on public relations was also employed. Legal behavior has been analyzed as a crucial element of constructing legal reality. The author demonstrates that the subject of law transforms abstract norms into legal relations, that is, into legal reality, through its day-to-day legal actions. It has been explored how legal conduct is being socially conditioned with regard to economic development. It was also examined how new technologies lead to the change of technological paradigm and the corresponding transformation of the accepted models of legal behavior. This study shows the influence of the new digital reality on the psyche of the subject of law, his values, and their correlation with his own everyday legal behavior. It is justified that the space in which legal behavior takes place needs to be expanded in the digital era. In this study, the impact of pandemic restrictions on legal behavior was examined. It was concluded that the restrictions associated with the pandemic entailed changes in the composition and structure of the legal space, which also affected legal behavior. In addition to changing the framework in which social relations are conducted, sociological transformations impact the subjects themselves, affecting their motives and value principles that govern their behavior.
Legal regulation of paramedic-obstetric centers
Authors:   Bashkir Academy of Public Service and Management under the Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Enikeyev Oleg A. , Enikeeva Svetlana Achmetovna ,   Bashkir State University
Published: January 2023

The article examines the problems of regulatory regulation of the legal status of paramedic and obstetric centers and the prospects for improving legislation in order to increase the availability of medical care to the rural population in Russia. The author reveals the problem of elimination of paramedic obstetric centers as structural divisions of medical institutions and offers a solution to this issue only depending on the needs of the rural population in this division. The regulation on the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation States that the Ministry is obliged to determine the requirements for the placement of medical organizations of the state health system and the municipal health system and other infrastructure facilities in the health sector based on the needs of the population, which was ignored by this Ministry. To date, there is no Federal standard for equipping paramedic and obstetric centers, which the author proposed to eliminate. The legal problems of the work of paramedic and obstetric centers include the lack of regulatory algorithms for the movement of patients and their treatment depending on the disease. In addition, it is emphasized that the diagnoses established by paramedics fall out of statistical records in the Russian Federation and are not transferred to the next level of medical care in a digital manner. The author emphasizes the lack of a unified Federal normative nomenclature of medicines to be sold through paramedic and obstetrics centers, which leads to a significant imbalance in the provision of medicines to the rural population in different regions of Russia. At the same time, the infrastructure and financing of this drug supply is not regulated. The paper highlights the danger of extending the provisions of the law on telemedicine to paramedic and obstetrics centers in the absence of financial incentives for medical workers and their overload.
The impact of foreign economic sanctions on commercial contracts
Authors:   HSE University, Fonotova Olga V. , Ukolova Maria D. ,   HSE University
Published: January 2023

Foreign economic sanctions were in the focus of domestic lawyers’ attention for half a dozen years. The new legal regime for persons directly or indirectly involved in sanctioned cross-border commercial activities has been studied in science mainly in the context of public law, and — in the applied aspect — through the prism of compliance procedures. However, no less important is the problem of sanctions regulation in its embodiment in the private law instruments of contract law. The purpose of the study is to summarize and analyze the effectiveness of the accumulated practice of the use of pre-contractual and contractual mechanisms to manage the risks caused by foreign restrictive measures. To achieve the goal, general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, as well as the comparative legal method and approaches of economic and empirical analysis of law are used. Following the presentation of the leading approaches of the Russian state courts to the legal qualification of economic sanctions, the most promising options to manage the risks of sanctions for business at the pre-contractual and contractual stages are studied. In line with best business practices, pre-contractual mechanisms of compliance procedures (external and internal compliance) as well as contractual ways to mitigate sanctions risks proved to be the most effective for alleviation of the sanctions burden. Both sets of measures are developed and introduced into the daily routine by business participants themselves. Contractual regulation makes a decisive contribution to reducing the degree of negative legal consequences for business. To effectively manage risk, representatives of the business community use a wide range of contractual provisions: sanctions clauses, force majeure clauses, currency choice clauses, applicable law clauses and arbitration clauses. The success of such contractual initiatives, strengthened by the development of standard forms and terms of commercial contracts, is confirmed by judicial and business practice.
New models of taxation of income of international groups of companies: Analysis and prospects of use in Russia
Authors:   Financial Research Institute of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, Ponomareva Karina A. ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: January 2023

The article discusses the initiatives of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in the field of taxation of international groups of companies in the era of the digital economy. Methodological approaches to taxation of the digital economy are considered, relevant legal mechanisms for taking into account the interests of the fiscal of the Russian state in the conditions of digital transformation are determined. The analysis of new OECD tax projects in the context of the application of tax legislation and double tax treaties, in particular, the rules for determining the existence of a permanent establishment and calculating the tax base attributed to a permanent establishment, as well as the application of transfer pricing rules, is carried out. In addition, the analysis of these OECD documents from the point of view of the potential impact on the Russian fiscal base was carried out. The methodological basis of the research consists of both general scientific methods (dialectical materialistic, systemic, induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis) and interdisciplinary, as well as legal research methods. The study is based on a comparative legal method that allows comparing similar legal problems existing in legislation and international treaties, as well as identifying optimal ways to resolve them. The foundations of tax systems laid down in the 1920s traditionally took into account the principles of source of income and residency. In the new world of globalization and the digital economy, these principles become significant obstacles to international trade and at the same time are involved by economic entities in tax competition or tax avoidance, that is, in their interests to obtain tax benefits.