bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Biomarkers in Ocular Graft-versus-Host Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bohlen Jerry , Gomez Charlyn , Zhou Jason , Martinez Guasch Fernando , Wandvik Caitlyn , Sunshine Sarah Brem
Published: January 2024

Ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD) affects ~50% of post-stem cell transplant patients and is the only form of GVHD diagnosed without a biopsy. As it must be distinguished from other dry eye diseases, there is a need to identify oGVHD biomarkers to improve diagnosis and treatment. We conducted a systematic review of 19 scholarly articles published from 2018 to 2023 including articles focused on adult patients diagnosed with oGVHD following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant and used biomarkers as the outcome measure. Articles that were not original investigations or were not published in English were excluded. These clinical investigations explored different molecular oGVHD biomarkers and were identified on 3 October 2023 from the Scopus, PubMed, and Embase databases by using search terms including ocular graft-versus-host disease, biomarkers, cytokines, proteomics, genomics, immune response, imaging techniques, and dry-eye-related key terms. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale for case–control studies was used to assess bias. From the 19 articles included, cytokine, proteomic, lipid, and leukocyte profiles were studied in tear film, as well as ocular surface microbiota and fluorescein staining. Our findings suggest that cytokine profiling is the most studied oGVHD biomarker. Additionally, variations correlating these biomarkers with disease state may lead to a more targeted diagnosis and therapeutic approach. Limitations include language bias, publication bias, and sampling bias, as well as a lack of appropriate controls for included studies.
Assessment of Substrate Status of Drugs Metabolized by Polymorphic Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2 Enzymes: An Analysis of a Large-Scale Dataset
Authors: Sommer Jakob , Wozniak Justyna , Schmitt Judith , Koch Jana , Stingl Julia C. , Just Katja S.
Published: January 2024

Background: The analysis of substrates of polymorphic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes is important information to enable drug–drug interactions (DDIs) analysis and the relevance of pharmacogenetics in this context in large datasets. Our aim was to compare different approaches to assess the substrate properties of drugs for certain polymorphic CYP2 enzymes. Methods: A standardized manual method and an automatic method were developed and compared to assess the substrate properties for the metabolism of drugs by CYP2D6, 2C9, and 2C19. The automatic method used a matching approach to three freely available resources. We applied the manual and automatic methods to a large real-world dataset deriving from a prospective multicenter study collecting adverse drug reactions in emergency departments in Germany (ADRED). Results: In total, 23,878 medication entries relating to 895 different drugs were analyzed in the real-world dataset. The manual method was able to assess 12.2% (n = 109) of drugs, and the automatic method between 12.1% (n = 109) and 88.9% (n = 796), depending on the resource used. The CYP substrate classifications demonstrated moderate to almost perfect agreements for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 (Cohen’s Kappa (κ) 0.48–0.90) and fair to moderate agreements for CYP2C9 (κ 0.20–0.48). Conclusion: A closer look at different classifications between methods revealed that both methods are prone to error in different ways. While the automated method excels in time efficiency, completeness, and actuality, the manual method might be better able to identify CYP2 substrates with clinical relevance.
Pulmonary Hypertension and the Gut Microbiome
Authors: Mason Thomas , Mukherjee Bhashkar , Marino Philip
Published: January 2024

The gut microbiome and its associated metabolites are integral to the maintenance of gut integrity and function. There is increasing evidence that its alteration, referred to as dysbiosis, is involved in the development of a systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease (e.g., systemic hypertension, atherosclerosis). Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a condition characterised by progressive remodelling and vasoconstriction of the pulmonary circulation, ultimately leading to right ventricular failure and premature mortality if untreated. Initial studies have suggested a possible association between dysbiosis of the microbiome and the development of PH. The aim of this article is to review the current experimental and clinical data with respect to the potential interaction between the gut microbiome and the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension. It will also highlight possible new therapeutic targets that may provide future therapies.
Inherited Metabolic Disorders: From Bench to Bedside
Authors: Fonseca Tiago , Macedo M. Fátima
Published: January 2024

Inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs), commonly referred to as inborn errors of metabolism, represent a spectrum of disorders with a defined (or presumed) primary genetic cause which disrupts the normal metabolism of essential molecules in the body [...]
Stress-Adaptive Stiffening Structures Inspired by Diatoms: A Parametric Solution for Lightweight Surfaces
Authors: Linnemann Selina K. , Friedrichs Lars , Niebuhr Nils M.
Published: January 2024

The intricate and highly complex morphologies of diatom frustules have long captured the attention of biomimetic researchers, initiating innovation in engineering solutions. This study investigates the potential of diatom-inspired surface stiffeners to determine whether the introduced innovative strategy is a viable alternative for addressing engineering challenges demanding enhanced stiffness. This interdisciplinary study focuses on the computer-aided generation of stress-adaptive lightweight structures aimed at optimizing bending stiffness. Through a comprehensive microscopical analysis, morphological characteristics of diatom frustules were identified and abstracted to be applied to a reference model using computer-aided methods and simulated to analyze their mechanical behavior under load-bearing conditions. Afterwards, the models are compared against a conventional engineering approach. The most promising biomimetic approach is successfully automated, extending its applicability to non-planar surfaces and diverse boundary conditions. It yields notable improvement in bending stiffness, which manifests in a decrease of displacement by approximately 93% in comparison to the reference model with an equivalent total mass. Nonetheless, for the specific load case considered, the engineering approach yields the least displacement. Although certain applications may favor conventional methods, the presented approach holds promise for scenarios subjected to varying stresses, necessitating lightweight and robust solutions.
Development of a Cavitation Generator Mimicking Pistol Shrimp
Authors: Soyama Hitoshi , Tanaka Mayu , Takiguchi Takashi , Yamamoto Matsuo
Published: January 2024

Pistol shrimp generate cavitation bubbles. Cavitation impacts due to bubble collapses are harmful phenomena, as they cause severe damage to hydraulic machinery such as pumps and valves. However, cavitation impacts can be utilized for mechanical surface treatment to improve the fatigue strength of metallic materials, which is called “cavitation peening”. Through conventional cavitation peening, cavitation is generated by a submerged water jet, i.e., a cavitating jet or a pulsed laser. The fatigue strength of magnesium alloy when treated by the pulsed laser is larger than that of the jet. In order to drastically increase the processing efficiency of cavitation peening, the mechanism of pistol shrimp (specifically when used to create a cavitation bubble), i.e., Alpheus randalli, was quantitatively investigated. It was found that a pulsed water jet generates a cavitation bubble when a shrimp snaps its claws. Furthermore, two types of cavitation generators were developed, namely, one that uses a pulsed laser and one that uses a piezo actuator, and this was achieved by mimicking a pistol shrimp. The generation of cavitation bubbles was demonstrated by using both types of cavitation generators: the pulsed laser and the piezo actuator.
Study on Resilience Factors and Enhancement Strategies in Prefabricated Building Supply Chains
Authors: Cheng Shengdong , Zhou Xin , Zhang Yuhang , Duan Mengna , Gao Juncheng
Published: January 2024

Prefabricated building holds promise for quality, efficiency, and sustainability when compared to traditional techniques. However, realizing prefabricated building work hinges on strengthening supply chain resilience. This research assesses interdependent risks undermining prefab network continuity during disruption. Questionnaire data from industry experts informed a structural equation model quantifying pathways between component production, construction, information, and other uncertainties. Findings confirm that project delays can be traced to manufacturing and on-site risks, with information gaps broadly propagating impacts. Meanwhile, organizational risks have an insignificant influence, suggesting partnership networks readily reconfigure around operational contingencies. Robust information infrastructures and coordination, therefore, offer crucial leverage. Accordingly, a multidimensional resilience enhancement strategy is formulated, prioritizing supply chain transparency, digital integration, inventory buffering, contingencies planning, and transportation flexibility. Our mixed-methods approach advances the construction literature by demonstrating the applicability of structural equation modeling for diagnostic resilience analytics. Industry leaders also gain actionable, evidence-based guidance on strategic investments to stabilize project flows. This dual theoretical and practical contribution underscores the versatility of tailored statistical assessments in furthering construction innovation objectives within complex, uncertain environments.
Assessment of Soft-First-Floor Structures Reinforced by Rocking Frame Based on Seismic Resilience
Authors: Jiang Shaofei , Chen Qihan , Li Chenyang , Song Hualin , Lin En , Fu Chong
Published: January 2024

As a no-disturbance integrated-retrofitting technique, an external rocking frame was widely used on reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Yet, with the increasing demand for seismic strengthening of existing buildings, it has become a concern to evaluate the seismic strengthening schemes based on seismic resilience. Firstly, the dynamic equation of the structural system was derived, and the deformation control mechanism was revealed; thus, the corresponding design method was put forward for the rocking frame reinforcement. Secondly, after soft-first-floor structures were reinforced by rocking frames, the evaluation method of the reinforcement scheme was investigated based on seismic resilience. Finally, the feasibility of the assessment method was verified by a soft-first-floor frame structure, and a comparison was made between the method proposed in this paper and the conventional method. The results find that the soft-first-floor structure reinforced by the rocking frame increased by 10% in the inter-layer displacement and improved by 55.6% and 63.0% in the injury and mortality rates, compared to the buckling-restrained brace scheme. This indicates that the reinforcement scheme of soft layer structures with rocking frames is feasible and effective, and the reinforcement evaluation method proposed in this paper can quantitatively reflect the improvement in seismic performance.
The Accuracy of Frequency Estimation of Structure Vibration under Ambient Excitation: Problems, Causes, and Methods
Authors: Deng Chang , Wen Jiaqi , Tang Lei , Cai Xin , Peng Feng
Published: January 2024

Accurate identification of building structure frequencies forms the basis for damage detection. The structural dynamic response signal, under ambient excitation, can be transformed into a superposition of multiple single-frequency exponentially damped sinusoids combined with random white noise. However, the peak power spectrum of the response signal tends to exhibit line splitting, compromising the precision of frequency identification. This study examines the accuracy characteristics of the single-frequency free damping vibration signal (SFFDVS) and derives the Cramer–Rao lower bound for the frequency estimator. It thoroughly analyzes the factors influencing the accuracy of SFFDVS frequency identification. The study reveals that the primary cause of spectral line splitting is the random delay inherent in SFFDVS. Based on the maximum likelihood method (MLM), this research introduces the MLM algorithm for SFFDVS and provides a simulation analysis. The findings indicate that the MLM estimation algorithm for frequency parameters effectively addresses spectral line splitting and offers robust noise resistance and recognition accuracy.
Research on the Heating Effect of a Convection Radiator Based on a Human Thermophysiological Model
Authors: Liu Zongjiang , Xu Wei , Zhang Linhua , Li Zhong , Li Ji
Published: January 2024

Forced convection is the most effective way to improve the thermal efficiency of a radiator under low-temperature conditions. This technical method differs significantly from the heating effects of general radiation and natural convection. Few studies have applied the objective evaluation method based on quantitative calculation to evaluate the effectiveness of indoor heating or optimize the technical parameters (air flow rate, air supply method, etc.) of heating systems. This article couples human metabolic factors with heating environmental factors and uses a 57-node human thermal physiological model to evaluate the effectiveness of forced convection radiator heating from the perspective of the local thermal comfort of the human body and demonstrates the feasibility of this scheme by comparing it with floor radiation heating. The research shows that the air supply speed of a radiator affects human thermal comfort. Continuing to increase the wind speed, at a speed of 3 m/s, the surface temperature of the human body reaches a high value and will then decrease, leading to a decrease in thermal comfort. Research on indoor air distribution shows that the use of bottom-side air supply provides better thermal comfort compared to top air supply. The local skin temperature distribution of the human body indicates that when the indoor average temperature is higher than 20 °C, the overall thermal comfort of convective radiator heating and floor radiant heating is comparable. The article provides a way of objectively calculating and directly quantifying the effect of heating equipment on human thermal physiological parameters.
Analyzing the Unsafe Behaviors of Frontline Construction Workers Based on Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Li Ying , Pei Jingjing , Wang Shuangyan , Luo Yun
Published: January 2024

The unsafe behavior of frontline workers at construction sites is the most important cause of construction accidents. This study proposed a comprehensive model of frontline workers’ unsafe behaviors based on a systems perspective and used structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore the influence mechanisms between the objective conditions (e.g., work environment, work climate, and task complexity), safety management (e.g., safety education and training, safety reward and punishment regulations, safety inspection, safety technology disclosure, and safety warning signs), group influence (propagation of unsafe behaviors among workers), personal perception (subjective judgment of operators on their safety knowledge and skills), and unsafe behaviors. Data from 460 frontline workers were collected through questionnaires and the correlation hypotheses were tested using SPSS 26.0 and Amos 26.0 software. The following conclusions were obtained: (1) objective conditions directly positively influence safety management, group influence, and personal perception but indirectly negatively influence unsafe behavior; (2) safety management not only directly positively affects personal perception but also directly negatively affects unsafe behavior. However, the direct effect of safety management on group influence is not significant; (3) group influence has a direct positive effect on unsafe behavior, but the direct effect on personal perception is not significant; (4) the direct effect of personal perception on unsafe behavior is insignificant. These findings can be used as preliminary data to guide decision makers or managers in construction companies to develop reasonable management plans to curb the unsafe behaviors of frontline workers.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Chronic Kidney Disease: An Updated Review
Authors: Dhuny Sheefah , Wu Henry , David Manova , Chinnadurai Rajkumar
Published: January 2024

The links between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiac conditions such as coronary heart disease or valvular disease are well established in the literature. However, the relationship between hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and CKD is not as frequently described or researched. HCM is the most common form of inherited cardiac disease. It is mainly transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion and caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomere proteins. HCM is estimated to affect 0.2% of the general population and has an annual mortality rate of between approximately 0.5 and 1%. Our review article aims to summarize the genetics of HCM; discuss the potential clinical mimics that occur concurrently with HCM and CKD, potential interlinks that associate between these two conditions, the role of renal dysfunction as a poor prognostic indicator in HCM; and based on currently available evidence, recommend a management approach that may be suitable when clinicians are faced with this clinical scenario.
Nanodiamond Supported Ultra-Small Palladium Nanoparticles as an Efficient Catalyst for Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reactions
Authors: Pocklanová Radka , Warkad Indrajeet R. , Prucek Robert , Balzerová Anna , Panáček Aleš , Kadam Ravishankar G. , Kvítek Libor , Gawande Manoj B.
Published: January 2024

A nanocatalyst comprising ultra-small palladium nanoparticles supported on nanodiamonds (ultra-small Pd/rNDs) was fabricated via a reduction of palladium (II) salt on oxidized nanodiamond. The prepared catalyst was characterized using XRD, XPS, ICP-MS, AAS, and TEM/HRTEM techniques, including STEM-EDS chemical mapping, which revealed that the modified material is a combination of reduced nanodiamond decorated with palladium nanoparticles. The as-prepared and well-characterized ultra-small Pd supported on rNDs displayed superb catalytic activity for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions at low temperature without any toxic solvents, to obtain the respective products in good-to-excellent yields (75–98%). The catalyst was easily separated from the reaction solution and was reused four times without loss of catalytic activity or chemical stability.
Preparation of Ordered Macroporous ZIF-8-Derived Magnetic Carbon Materials and Its Application for Lipase Immobilization
Authors: Shi Yongheng , Zhou Hao , Dai Lingmei , Liu Dehua , Du Wei
Published: January 2024

Metal–organic framework materials (MOFs) and their derivatives are considered ideal immobilization carrier materials because of their large specific surface area, high porosity and excellent structural designability. Among them, ZIF-8 has great potential for immobilization of enzymes due to mild synthesis conditions, and good biocompatibility. However, conventional ZIF-8 crystals have poor separation and recovery efficiency due to their small pore size and poor acid stability, greatly limiting their application in enzyme immobilization and further application. Although the carbonization of ZIF-8 by pyrolysis has been shown to be one of the approaches that can enhance its chemical stability, this still does not effectively solve the problem of the difficulty of recycling. Herein, we developed a strategy of pre-carbonization immersion (immersion in aqueous FeSO4 solution before carbonization) to synthesize ordered macroporous ZIF-8-derived carbon materials with stable ferromagnetism (denoted as CZ-x-M-y, where x denotes the carbonization temperature and y denotes the concentration of the impregnated FeSO4 solution) and used them to immobilize lipases for biodiesel production. XRD analysis showed that the magnetic properties in the materials came from Fe3C species. We found that the magnetic carbon materials obtained by carbonization at 600 °C showed the best immobilization effect, where CZ-600-M-0.3 (using 0.3 mol·L−1 FeSO4 aqueous solution to soak ZIF-8 and carbonized at 600 °C) had the highest enzyme loading of 183.04 mg·g−1, which was 49.7% higher than that of the non-magnetic CZ-600. In addition, CZ-600-M-0.5 maintained the highest enzyme activity, which was 81.9% of the initial activity, after five batches of reuse. The stable magnetic support materials reported in this study have promising potential for the industrial application of immobilized lipase.
Platinum Alloys for Methanol Oxidation Electrocatalysis: Reaction Mechanism and Rational Design of Catalysts with Exceptional Activity and Stability
Authors: Yu Renqin , Zhang Yifan , Deng Sixu , Zhu Rongying , Zhang Shiming , Zhang Jiujun , Zhao Yufeng , Xia Zhonghong
Published: January 2024

Direct methanol fuel cells have emerged as highly promising energy conversion devices in the past few decades. However, some challenges, such as carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning and unsatisfactory long-term stability, remain for platinum (Pt) as a methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) catalyst. This review covers recent advances in Pt alloy MOR catalysts and provides some insights. This review presents MOR catalytic mechanisms based on CO or non-CO pathways. Typical dimension-based designs of MOR catalysts, such as anisotropic nanowires, metallene, nanoframes, and corresponding rationales for performance enhancements, are introduced. More importantly, some key tuning strategies are elaborated, including intermetallic compound synthesis, interface engineering, and surface facet engineering. High-entropy alloys as an intriguing class of MOR catalysts with favorable prospects are also discussed. Finally, future directions and opportunities are outlined.
Zika Virus-Infected Monocyte Exosomes Mediate Cell-to-Cell Viral Transmission
Authors: Martínez-Rojas Pedro Pablo , Monroy-Martínez Verónica , Agredano-Moreno Lourdes Teresa , Jiménez-García Luis Felipe , Ruiz-Ordaz Blanca H.
Published: January 2024

Zika fever is a reemerging arthropod-borne viral disease; however, Zika virus (ZIKV) can be transmitted by other, non-vector means. Severe Zika fever is characterized by neurological disorders, autoimmunity, or congenital Zika syndrome. Monocytes are primary ZIKV targets in humans and, in response to infection, release extracellular vesicles like exosomes. Exosomes mediate intercellular communication and are involved in the virus’s ability to circumvent the immune response, promoting pathological processes. This study aimed to evaluate the role of monocyte exosomes in cell-to-cell viral transmission. We isolated exosomes from ZIKV-infected monocytes (Mø exo ZIKV) by differential ultracentrifugation and identified them by nanoparticle tracking analysis; transmission electron microscopy; and CD63, CD81, TSG101, and Alix detection by cytofluorometry. Purified exosome isolates were obtained by uncoupling from paramagnetic beads or by treatment with UV radiation and RNase A. We found that Mø exo ZIKV carry viral RNA and E/NS1 proteins and that their interaction with naïve cells favors viral transmission, infection, and cell differentiation/activation. These data suggest that Mø exo ZIKV are an efficient alternative pathway for ZIKV infection. Knowledge of these mechanisms contributes to understanding the pathogenesis of severe disease and to the development of new vaccines and therapies.
PKD1L1 Is Involved in Congenital Chylothorax
Authors: Whitchurch Jonathan B. , Schneider Sophia , Hilger Alina C. , Köllges Ricarda , Stegmann Jil D. , Waffenschmidt Lea , Dyer Laura , Thiele Holger , Dhabhai Bhanupriya , Dakal Tikam Chand , Müller Andreas , Norris Dominic P. , Reutter Heiko M.
Published: January 2024

Besides visceral heterotaxia, Pkd1l1 null mouse embryos exhibit general edema and perinatal lethality. In humans, congenital chylothorax (CCT) is a frequent cause of fetal hydrops. In 2021, Correa and colleagues reported ultrarare compound heterozygous variants in PKD1L1 exhibiting in two consecutive fetuses with severe hydrops, implicating a direct role of PKD1L1 in fetal hydrops formation. Here, we performed an exome survey and identified ultrarare compound heterozygous variants in PKD1L1 in two of the five case–parent trios with CCT. In one family, the affected carried the ultrarare missense variants c.1543G>A(p.Gly515Arg) and c.3845T>A(p.Val1282Glu). In the other family, the affected carried the ultrarare loss-of-function variant (LoF) c.863delA(p.Asn288Thrfs*3) and the ultrarare missense variant c.6549G>T(p.Gln2183His). Investigation of the variants’ impact on PKD1L1 protein localization suggests the missense variants cause protein dysfunction and the LoF variant causes protein mislocalization. Further analysis of Pkd1l1 mutant mouse embryos revealed about 20% of Pkd1l1−/− embryos display general edema and pleural effusion at 14.5 dpc. Immunofluorescence staining at 14.5 dpc in Pkd1l1−/− embryos displayed both normal and massively altered lymphatic vessel morphologies. Together, our studies suggest the implication of PKD1L1 in congenital lymphatic anomalies, including CCTs.
Ponte Osteotomies in the Surgical Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis of Comparative Studies
Authors: Faldini Cesare , Viroli Giovanni , Traversari Matteo , Manzetti Marco , Ialuna Marco , Sartini Francesco , Cargeli Alessandro , Parisi Stefania Claudia , Ruffilli Alberto
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the present paper is to assess if Ponte osteotomies (POs) allow for a better correction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery and to investigate their safety profile. A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted. Inclusion criteria: comparative studies that reported the outcomes of AIS patients who underwent surgical correction through posterior-only approach with and without POs. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were extracted and summarized. Meta-analyses were performed to estimate the differences between patients treated with and without POs. p < 0.05 was considered significant. In total, 9 studies were included. No significant difference in thoracic kyphosis (TK) change between patients treated with and without POs was found (+3.8°; p = 0.06). Considering only hypokyphotic patients, a significant difference in TK change resulted in POs patients (+6.6°; p < 0.01), while a non-significant TK change resulted in normokyphotic patients (+0.2°; p = 0.96). No significant difference in coronal correction (2.5°; p = 0.10) was recorded. Significant estimated blood loss (EBL) (142.5 mL; p = 0.04) and surgical time (21.5 min; p = 0.04) differences were found with POs. Regarding complications rate, the meta-analysis showed a non-significant log odds ratio of 1.1 (p = 0.08) with POs. In conclusion, POs allow for the restoration of TK in hypokyphotic AIS, without a significantly greater TK change in normokyphotic patients, nor a significantly better coronal correction. Considering the significantly greater EBL and the trend toward a higher complications rate, the correct indication for POs is crucial.
Clinical Application of Pediatric Sleep Endoscopy: An International Survey
Authors: Iannella Giannicola , Magliulo Giuseppe , Greco Antonio , De Virgilio Armando , Maniaci Antonino , Lechien Jerome R. , Calvo-Henriquez Christian , Bahgat Ahmed Yassin , Casale Manuele , Lugo Rodolfo , Baptista Peter , Salamanca Fabrizio , D’Ecclesia Aurelio , Perrone Tiziano , Leone Federico , Cannavicci Angelo , Cammaroto Giovanni , Vicini Claudio , Pace Annalisa
Published: January 2024

Objectives: To investigate through an international survey the actual clinical application of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) in pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to clarify the use, application, clinical indications, and protocol of pediatric DISE. Methods: A specific survey about pediatric DISE was initially developed by five international otolaryngologists with expertise in pediatric sleep apnea and drug-induced sleep endoscopy and was later spread to experts in the field of sleep apnea, members of different OSA-related associations. Results: A total of 101 participants who answered all the survey questions were considered in the study. Sixty-four sleep apnea experts, equivalent to 63.4% of interviewed experts, declared they would perform DISE in pediatric OSA patients. A total of 81.9% of responders agreed to consider the DISE as the first diagnostic step in children with persistent OSA after adenotonsillectomy surgery, whereas 55.4% disagreed with performing DISE at the same time of scheduled adenotonsillectomy surgery to identify other possible sites of collapse. In the case of young patients with residual OSA and only pharyngeal collapse during DISE, 51.8% of experts agreed with performing a velopharyngeal surgery. In this case, 27.7% disagreed and 21.4% were neutral. Conclusion: Pediatric DISE is internationally considered to be a safe and effective procedure for identifying sites of obstruction and collapse after adenotonsillectomy in children with residual OSA. This is also useful in cases of patients with craniofacial malformations, small tonsils, laryngomalacia or Down syndrome to identify the actual site(s) of collapse. Despite this evidence, our survey highlighted that pediatric DISE is not used in different sleep centers.
Phenotyping and Exploitation of Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR Assays for Genes Underpinning Leaf Rust Resistance in New Spring Wheat Mutant Lines
Authors: Kenzhebayeva Saule , Mazkirat Shynarbek , Shoinbekova Sabina , Atabayeva Saule , Abekova Alfia , Omirbekova Nargul , Doktyrbay Gulina , Asrandina Saltant , Zharassova Dinara , Amirova Aigul , Serfling Albrecht
Published: January 2024

Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks) is a wheat disease causing substantial yield losses in wheat production globally. The identification of genetic resources with permanently effective resistance genes and the generation of mutant lines showing increased levels of resistance allow the efficient incorporation of these target genes into germplasm pools by marker-assisted breeding. In this study, new mutant (M3 generation) lines generated from the rust-resistant variety Kazakhstanskaya-19 were developed using gamma-induced mutagenesis through 300-, 350-, and 400-Gy doses. In field trials after leaf rust inoculation, 75 mutant lines showed adult plant resistance. These lines were evaluated for resistance at the seedling stage via microscopy in greenhouse experiments. Most of these lines (89.33%) were characterized as resistant at both developmental stages. Hyperspectral imaging analysis indicated that infected leaves of wheat genotypes showed increased relative reflectance in visible and near-infrared light compared to the non-infected genotypes, with peak means at 462 and 644 nm, and 1936 and 2392 nm, respectively. Five spectral indexes, including red edge normalized difference vegetation index (RNDVI), structure-insensitive pigment index (SIPI), ratio vegetation index (RVSI), water index (WI), and normalized difference water index (NDWI), demonstrated significant potential for determining disease severity at the seedling stage. The most significant differences in reflectance between susceptible and resistant mutant lines appeared at 694.57 and 987.51 nm. The mutant lines developed were also used for the development and validation of KASP markers for leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr3, Lr9, Lr10, and Lr17. The mutant lines had high frequencies of “a” resistance alleles (0.88) in all six Lr genes, which were significantly associated with seedling resistance and suggest the potential of favorable haplotype introgression through functional markers. Nine mutant lines characterized by the presence of “b” alleles in Lr9 and Lr10—except for one line with allele “a” in Lr9 and three mutant lines with allele “a” in Lr10—showed the progressive development of fungal haustorial mother cells 72 h after inoculation. One line from 300-Gy-dosed mutant germplasm with “b” alleles in Lr1, Lr2a, Lr10, and Lr17 and “a” alleles in Lr3 and Lr9 was characterized as resistant based on the low number of haustorial mother cells, suggesting the contribution of the “a” alleles of Lr3 and Lr9.
Monitoring Aging Effects in Graphite Bisulfates by Means of Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Camerlingo Carlo , Salvatore Marcella , Carotenuto Gianfranco
Published: January 2024

Graphite bisulfate (GBS) compounds consist of graphite layers intercalated by HSO4− ions and H2SO4 molecules. Owing to electrostatic interactions with the graphene plane, HSO4− ions cause point defects in the graphite’s crystalline structure, while H2SO4 molecules are free to move via diffusion in the spaces between the adjacent graphite sheets and segregate to form linear defects. In the present work, we report the results of our investigation using Raman spectroscopy on the temporal evolution of such defects on selected GBS samples over 84 months. Two characteristic lengths correlated with the average distance between defects have been estimated and their evolution with aging was investigated. The results show a decrease in the density of point-like defects after aging, regardless of the pristine structural configuration of the GBS samples, revealing a structural instability. This study can provide significant information for the technological development of industrial processes aimed to produce expanded graphite based on GBS precursors, where the aging of GBS is known to influence the efficiency and quality.
Study on Microstructure and Properties of Additive-Manufactured TC4ELI+TC21 Titanium Alloy Gradient Composite Structures
Authors: Cui Can , Ji Haibin , Han Sensen , Xuan Minghao , Wu Bin , Li Pengxu , Meng Qingshi
Published: January 2024

TC4ELI+TC21 titanium gradient composite structures with direct transition (TD1) and cross transition (TD2) were prepared using laser deposition manufacturing technology. The microstructure of the gradient interface was observed, and the distribution of alloying elements was detected. The tensile properties of the two alloys at room temperature were tested, and the effects of different heat treatment regimens on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that there is no obvious defect at the gradient interface of the two alloys. Compared with direct transition alloys, the alloying elements of TD2 alloys change less at the interface, the structure of the transition zone is more closely bound, and the elongation is higher. After heat treatment, the α phase in the alloy is coarsened, and the alloy elements at the interface are fully diffused, so that the gradient interface of the alloy is eliminated to a certain extent, the tensile strength of the alloy decreases, and elongation increases. The strength and plasticity of the alloy reached their best match at a solution temperature of 930 °C.
Effect of Fine-Grained Particles and Sensitivity Analysis of Physical Indexes on Residual Strength of Granite Residual Soils
Authors: Fang Chen , Li Ying , Gu Chunsheng , Xing Baodong
Published: January 2024

Recently, stability analyses of structures built of granite residual soils, for example, earth dams or other urban structures, particularly when under vibration, are being recognized as much more important than previously imagined. In such analyses, it is emphasized that the residual strength should be utilized considering the seismic effect. Therefore, the residual strength of granite residual soils must be evaluated accurately in order to reduce the damage to structures built on them. This paper presented a laboratory study designed to examine the effect of fine-grained particles (FGPs; particle size ≤ 0.075 mm) on residual strength by the multistage procedure of the Bromhead ring shear test and evaluate the physical indexes forecasting the residual strength of granite residual soils using soil samples composed of fifteen different percentages of FGPs artificially adjusted from a reservoir embankment soil sample. The results showed that the residual strength decreased along with the increase in FGPs and that the residual frictional angle was rarely dependent on the ratio of FGPs when the ratio was over 90%. Even in the residual state, a small amplitude of fluctuation in shear stress still existed and was affected by the coarse-grained particles (CGPs; particle size ≥ 0.075 mm), such as the quartz particles in the granite residual soils. It was also found that the amplitude of fluctuation was smaller when the FGP fraction was greater. In addition, under the same normal stress, the peak strength and residual strength decreased with an increase in the ratio of FGPs. Then, they remained almost the same when the ratios of FGPs were equal to 85% and 90%, respectively, and the post-peak attenuation tended to increase initially with an increase in the FGPs and then remained almost the same. Moreover, based on the sensitivity analysis, the order of influence of physical indexes on the residual frictional angle was also ranked for the granite residual soils.
Cutting-Edge Computational Approaches for Approximating Nonlocal Variable-Order Operators
Authors: Tanha Nayereh , Parsa Moghaddam Behrouz , Ilie Mousa
Published: January 2024

This study presents an algorithmically efficient approach to address the complexities associated with nonlocal variable-order operators characterized by diverse definitions. The proposed method employs integro spline quasi interpolation to approximate these operators, aiming for enhanced accuracy and computational efficiency. We conduct a thorough comparison of the outcomes obtained through this approach with other established techniques, including finite difference, IQS, and B-spline methods, documented in the applied mathematics literature for handling nonlocal variable-order derivatives and integrals. The numerical results, showcased in this paper, serve as a compelling validation of the notable advantages offered by our innovative approach. Furthermore, this study delves into the impact of selecting different variable-order values, contributing to a deeper understanding of the algorithm’s behavior across a spectrum of scenarios. In summary, this research seeks to provide a practical and effective solution to the challenges associated with nonlocal variable-order operators, contributing to the applied mathematics literature.
From Machine Learning to Patient Outcomes: A Comprehensive Review of AI in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Tripathi Satvik , Tabari Azadeh , Mansur Arian , Dabbara Harika , Bridge Christopher P. , Daye Dania
Published: January 2024

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive and difficult-to-detect cancer with a poor prognosis. Late diagnosis is common due to a lack of early symptoms, specific markers, and the challenging location of the pancreas. Imaging technologies have improved diagnosis, but there is still room for improvement in standardizing guidelines. Biopsies and histopathological analysis are challenging due to tumor heterogeneity. Artificial Intelligence (AI) revolutionizes healthcare by improving diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. AI algorithms can analyze medical images with precision, aiding in early disease detection. AI also plays a role in personalized medicine by analyzing patient data to tailor treatment plans. It streamlines administrative tasks, such as medical coding and documentation, and provides patient assistance through AI chatbots. However, challenges include data privacy, security, and ethical considerations. This review article focuses on the potential of AI in transforming pancreatic cancer care, offering improved diagnostics, personalized treatments, and operational efficiency, leading to better patient outcomes.
Sociodemographic Disparities in Adults with Kidney Failure: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bellos Ioannis , Marinaki Smaragdi , Samoli Evangelia , Boletis Ioannis N. , Benetou Vassiliki
Published: January 2024

This meta-analysis aims to assess current evidence regarding sociodemographic disparities among adults with kidney failure. Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar were systematically searched from inception to 20 February 2022. Overall, 165 cohort studies were included. Compared to White patients, dialysis survival was significantly better among Black (hazard ratio—HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.61–0.75), Asian (HR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.61–0.72) and Hispanic patients (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.73–0.88). Black individuals were associated with lower rates of successful arteriovenous fistula use, peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation, as well as with worse graft survival. Overall survival was significantly better in females after kidney transplantation compared to males (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.84–0.90). Female sex was linked to higher rates of central venous catheter use and a lower probability of kidney transplantation. Indices of low SES were associated with higher mortality risk (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.14–1.31), reduced rates of dialysis with an arteriovenous fistula, peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation, as well as higher graft failure risk. In conclusion, Black, Asian and Hispanic patients present better survival in dialysis, while Black, female and socially deprived patients demonstrate lower rates of successful arteriovenous fistula use and limited access to kidney transplantation. PROSPERO registration: CRD42022300839.
Stylohyoid Chain Syndrome (Eagle Syndrome) in Conjunction with Carotid Artery Dissection: A Case Report of Surgical Treatment
Authors: Bargiel Jakub , Gontarz Michał , Gąsiorowski Krzysztof , Marecik Tomasz , Wrona Paweł , Zapała Jan , Wyszyńska-Pawelec Grażyna
Published: January 2024

(1) Background: “Eagle Syndrome”, also known as “stylalgia” or a “stylohyoid chain anomaly”, typically manifests with ipsilateral orofacial pain, a foreign body sensation in the throat, and ear-related symptoms. Despite these common presentations, its potential association with carotid artery dissection is not widely acknowledged. (2) Methods: This article presents an extremely rare case of a patient diagnosed with an ischemic stroke in the left hemisphere, followed by the dissection of the left internal carotid artery, initially with an unidentified cause. Subsequent examinations revealed elongated left styloid processes directly compressing the dissected artery. (3) Results: After initial treatment involving pharmacological and mechanical thrombectomy, styloidectomy restored blood flow to the internal carotid artery. The patient remained symptom-free during a 12-month follow-up. (4) Conclusions: This case emphasizes the importance of considering anatomical variations within the stylohyoid chain when assessing young individuals with neurological symptoms. Furthermore, it underscores the potential benefits of early surgical intervention in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition.
IMUC: Edge–End–Cloud Integrated Multi-Unmanned System Payload Management and Computing Platform
Authors: Tang Jie , Zhong Ruofei , Zhang Ruizhuo , Zhang Yan
Published: January 2024

Multi-unmanned systems are primarily composed of unmanned vehicles, drones, and multi-legged robots, among other unmanned robotic devices. By integrating and coordinating the operation of these robotic devices, it is possible to achieve collaborative multitasking and autonomous operations in various environments. In the field of surveying and mapping, the traditional single-type unmanned device data collection mode is no longer sufficient to meet the data acquisition tasks in complex spatial scenarios (such as low-altitude, surface, indoor, underground, etc.). Faced with the data collection requirements in complex spaces, employing different types of robots for collaborative operations is an important means to improve operational efficiency. Additionally, the limited computational and storage capabilities of unmanned systems themselves pose significant challenges to multi-unmanned systems. Therefore, this paper designs an edge–end–cloud integrated multi-unmanned system payload management and computing platform (IMUC) that combines edge, end, and cloud computing. By utilizing the immense computational power and storage resources of the cloud, the platform enables cloud-based online task management and data acquisition visualization for multi-unmanned systems. The platform addresses the high complexity of task execution in various scenarios by considering factors such as space, time, and task completion. It performs data collection tasks at the end terminal, optimizes processing at the edge, and finally transmits the data to the cloud for visualization. The platform seamlessly integrates edge computing, terminal devices, and cloud resources, achieving efficient resource utilization and distributed execution of computing tasks. Test results demonstrate that the platform can successfully complete the entire process of payload management and computation for multi-unmanned systems in complex scenarios. The platform exhibits low response time and produces normal routing results, greatly enhancing operational efficiency in the field. These test results validate the practicality and reliability of the platform, providing a new approach for efficient operations of multi-unmanned systems in surveying and mapping requirements, combining cloud computing with the construction of smart cities.
Topological Data Analysis in Cardiovascular Signals: An Overview
Authors: Hernández-Lemus Enrique , Miramontes Pedro , Martínez-García Mireya
Published: January 2024

Topological data analysis (TDA) is a recent approach for analyzing and interpreting complex data sets based on ideas a branch of mathematics called algebraic topology. TDA has proven useful to disentangle non-trivial data structures in a broad range of data analytics problems including the study of cardiovascular signals. Here, we aim to provide an overview of the application of TDA to cardiovascular signals and its potential to enhance the understanding of cardiovascular diseases and their treatment in the form of a literature or narrative review. We first introduce the concept of TDA and its key techniques, including persistent homology, Mapper, and multidimensional scaling. We then discuss the use of TDA in analyzing various cardiovascular signals, including electrocardiography, photoplethysmography, and arterial stiffness. We also discuss the potential of TDA to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases, as well as its limitations and challenges. Finally, we outline future directions for the use of TDA in cardiovascular signal analysis and its potential impact on clinical practice. Overall, TDA shows great promise as a powerful tool for the analysis of complex cardiovascular signals and may offer significant insights into the understanding and management of cardiovascular diseases.
Square Root Statistics of Density Matrices and Their Applications
Authors: Ye Lyuzhou , Huang Youyi , Osborn James C. , Wei Lu
Published: January 2024

To estimate the degree of quantum entanglement of random pure states, it is crucial to understand the statistical behavior of entanglement indicators such as the von Neumann entropy, quantum purity, and entanglement capacity. These entanglement metrics are functions of the spectrum of density matrices, and their statistical behavior over different generic state ensembles have been intensively studied in the literature. As an alternative metric, in this work, we study the sum of the square root spectrum of density matrices, which is relevant to negativity and fidelity in quantum information processing. In particular, we derive the finite-size mean and variance formulas of the sum of the square root spectrum over the Bures–Hall ensemble, extending known results obtained recently over the Hilbert–Schmidt ensemble.