bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diltiazem did not induce gingival overgrowth in rats: a clinical, histological and histometric analysis
Authors: Corrêa Fernanda de Oliveira Bello , Giro Gabriela , Gonçalves Daniela , Spolidorio Luis Carlos , Orrico Silvana Regina Perez
Published: January 2006

The administration of calcium channel blockers has been associated with gingival overgrowth. However, there are few studies in humans or animals that evaluated the effect of diltiazem on gingival tissues. The present study assessed the influence of diltiazem, at different dosages and treatment duration, on gingival tissues of rats, using clinical, histological and histometric analyses. Eighty young male rats were separated into eight groups according to the dosage and duration of treatment. Rats were treated for 20 or 40 days with a daily subcutaneous injection of 5, 20 or 50 mg/kg of body weight of diltiazem. The results confirmed that diltiazem did not induce gingival overgrowth in rats. For all animals, the evaluation did not show gingival alterations regardless of the dosages and periods of treatment. The histometric analysis showed no significant change in the area of epithelium and connective tissues, although after 40 days of treatment a decrease in the area of connective tissue was observed, without statistically significant difference from control groups. Within the limits of this study, we suggest that diltiazem did not induce gingival overgrowth.
Increase of condylar displacement between centric relation and maximal habitual intercuspation after occlusal splint therapy
Authors: Fantini Solange Mongelli , Paiva João Batista , Rino Neto José , Dominguez Gladys Cristina , Abrão Jorge , Vigoritto Júlio Wilson
Published: January 2006

The present study assessed condylar displacement between initial maximal habitual intercuspation (MHI) and centric relation (CR), recorded after using a deprogramming occlusal splint for an average period of 7.8 ± 2.1 months prior to any orthodontic treatment. The sample consisted of 22 subjects, 11 male and 11 female, with an average age of 14.2 ± 1.4 years, with Class II malocclusion² and with no apparent signs or symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). Condylar displacement was measured using a Panadent axis position indicator in decimal fractions of a millimeter. The original mean vertical displacements and the corresponding standard deviations were 4.24 ± 2.53 mm and 3.86 ± 2.72 mm, respectively, for the right and left sides. Because a significant negative correlation was observed between original condylar displacements and age factors, the displacement values were statistically adjusted to 2.74 ± 2.00 mm and 2.44 ± 1.93 mm. On the horizontal plane, the mean displacements measured were -0.72 ± 1.53 mm on the right side and -0.51 ± 1.98 mm on the left. The mean displacement on the transversal plane was 0.03 ± 0.87 mm. A comparison between these values and those observed in non-deprogrammed groups, as well as those published in the related literature, indicates that use of occlusal splints results in greater mean condylar displacement values, especially vertically, between CR and MHI positions, which contributed to a more accurate orthodontic diagnosis.
Viral coinfection in the oral cavity of HIV-infected children: relation among HIV viral load, CD4+T lymphocyte count and detection of EBV, CMV and HSV
Authors: Grando Liliane Janete , Machado Denise Cantarelli , Spitzer Silvia , Nachman Sharon , Ferguson Fred , Berentsen Bárbara , Yurgel Liliane Soares
Published: January 2006

Viral coinfection in the oral cavity associated to HIV infection was evaluated in 180 children from birth to 13 years of age of both sexes. The oral examinations were performed at the Pediatric AIDS Outpatient Clinic, São Lucas Hospital and Clinic Hospital, both in Porto Alegre, Brazil and at the School of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, USA. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of viral infections in the oral cavity. PCR technique was used to determine opportunistic viral infections caused by CMV, EBV, and HSV in mucosal swabs. A high frequency of viral infection was detected in the oral cavity of HIV-infected children determined by the PCR technique. HIV-infected children with viruses had a favorable CD4+T lymphocyte count and unfavorable viral load.
Safety and Efficacy of Eletriptan in the Treatment of Acute Migraine
Authors: Takiya Liza , Piccininni Lisa C. , Kamath Veena
Published: January 2006

Eletriptan is a new selective serotonin agonist approved for the treatment of acute migraine headaches. To review the pharmacologic, pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, safety, and clinical efficacy data for eletriptan, we searched the literature in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Science Direct databases to gather all published reports from January 1996–October 2004. All English‐language reports (abstract or full trial reports) about the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety of eletriptan were reviewed. Eletriptan's pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters translate into a favorable safety and efficacy profile. The drug is rapidly absorbed when administered orally, has good bioavailability and central nervous system penetration due to its lipophilicity, and has a long half‐life, which contributes to its ability to prevent recurrent headaches. Compared with other serotonin agonists, eletriptan has a longer duration of action and greater lipophilicity. Eletriptan is metabolized through the cytochrome P450 3A4 system; therefore, it does have the potential for clinically significant drug interactions. In clinical trials, eletriptan demonstrated efficacy superior to that of placebo and similar or superior efficacy to that of other serotonin agonists, with limited adverse effects. With clinical use, headache and pain‐free responses and headache recurrence rates were similar to those of other serotonin agonists, but the agent is superior to ergotamine tartrate–caffeine. Based on pharmacoeconomic data, eletriptan is more cost‐effective than other agents in its class. Eletriptan is a safe and cost‐effective option for the treatment of migraine headaches.
Life‐Threatening Bradyarrhythmia After Massive Azithromycin Overdose
Authors: Tilelli John A. , Smith Kathleen M. , Pettignano Robert
Published: January 2006

A 9‐month‐old infant was inadvertently administered azithromycin 50 mg/kg, taken from floor stock, instead of the prescribed ceftriaxone. Shortly thereafter, she became unresponsive and pulseless. The initial heart rhythm observed when cardiopulmonary resuscitation was started was a wide‐complex bradycardia, with a prolonged rate‐corrected QT interval and complete heart block. The baby was resuscitated with epinephrine and atropine, but she suffered severe anoxic encephalopathy. Torsade de pointes and QT‐interval prolongation have been reported after administration of macrolide antibiotics, including azithromycin, both intravenously and orally. This has occurred especially in the context of coadministered drugs that inhibit the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 isoenzyme, such as ketoconazole and astemizole. However, bradycardia with complete heart block has not, to our knowledge, been reported specifically with intravenous administration of azithromycin alone, either with therapeutic doses or overdose. Clinicians should be alerted about the potential of azithromycin to cause life‐threatening bradycardia, and pharmacy systems should be implemented to ensure special care in the safe administration of this drug, especially when dispensed from a point‐of‐care source.
How to Treat the Ewing's Family of Sarcomas in Adult Patients
Authors: Scurr Michelle , Judson Ian
Published: January 2006

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe how ESFT is not only a disease of children, but equally that of young adults.Discuss the established prognostic variables in ESFT and the unresolved controversy surrounding the role of older age in patient outcome.Explain that until large studies, such as the current EuroEwings study, can prospectively define the role of age as a prognostic variable, adult patients with ESFT need to be treated as intensively as younger patients.

Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Hooke Park As a New AA Initiative in Education
Authors: Prizeman Mark
Published: January 2006

Architectural education is passing another milestone. Whilst the reverberation of the 20th‐century avant‐garde can still be registered, a barrage of questions and choices is facing the next generation of graduates and their educators. Mark Prizeman argues a case to nourish designing by making as a passionate, cultural, intellectual and human activity. Through making, he concludes, three stages of building a confident architecture are found. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Makeshift: Some Reflections on Japanese Design Sensibility
Authors: Chaplin Sarah
Published: January 2006

By constructing a series of prologues on preconditions of making across cultural and industrial traditions, Sarah Chaplin describes the embedded condition of uncertainty that lies within the very human act of making. ‘Makeshift’ recognises the impermanent and the imperfect, the ritualistic and the indeterminate. From a question of meaning, this text argues that in Japanese culture at least, ‘things are never fully designed, but are always in a state of being designed’. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blockarchitecture
Authors: Borden Iain
Published: January 2006

Curation or selection offers up probably the greatest challenge for the contemporary architect. With the onslaught of information, the emphasis is now on what an architect chooses to respond to rather than what is available to him or her in terms of sources. Iain Borden discusses how Block Architecture's responsive position enables the firm to react with immediacy to its urban surroundings, while also resulting in highly attuned ‘architectures of suggestion and momentary thinking’. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raines Court
Authors: Melvin Jeremy
Published: January 2006

Much of what has been written about the Raines Court housing project in Hackney, East London, has focused on the logistical challenges of prefabrication. Here, Jeremy Melvin also acknowledges the contribution that Allford Hall Monaghan Morris (AHMM) has made at Raines Court with a high‐density scheme that makes a conscious effort to address the public realm, but also uses modular units to advance internal planning. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Brunswick Centre Marchmont Street London WC1
Authors: Stewart Bruce
Published: January 2006

Some 30 years after completion, one of London's most iconic postwar schemes is being refurbished by Levitt Bernstein, with its original architect, Patrick Hodgkinson, on board as a consultant. Bruce Stewart describes the plans and asks what the impact of the renewal of the building might be on residents and on the immediate local area. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The National Road
Authors: Heathcote David , Barr Sue
Published: January 2006

David Heathcote and photographer Sue Barr discover the pleasures of postwar Greek architecture on the road. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drawing Instruments
Authors: Chard Nat
Published: January 2006

Despite the obvious diversity in the ideology, materiality and character of architectural production, here it is argued that the way we (architects) draw is surprisingly uniform. One reason for this might be the limited range of materials and tools we draw with, and their generic qualities. Architect, researcher and maker Nat Chard reveals relationships between acts of drawing, making images and making ideas, by taking us through the design and manufacture of a series of analytical drawing instruments and contingent works. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cover Picture: Molecular Recognition by Synthetic Multifunctional Pores in Practice: Are Structural Studies Really Helpful? (Adv. Funct. Mater. 2/2006)
Authors: Baudry Y. , Bollot G. , Gorteau V. , Litvinchuk S. , Mareda J. , Nishihara M. , Pasini D. , Perret F. , Ronan D. , Sakai N. , Shah M. R. , Som A. , Sordé N. , Talukdar P. , Tran D.‐H. , Matile S.
Published: January 2006

Stefan Matile and co‐workers describe their recent results on synthetic multifunctional pores on p. 169. In Nature, pores are used to transport materials across cellular membranes. Synthetic pores, such as the one shown on the cover, can be used for molecular recognition, leading to applications such as hosting, sensing, or catalysis. The authors argue that demonstration of function is not enough to confirm that synthetic pores work as designed: structural studies and molecular modeling provide complementary, yet vital, information.

This account summarizes five years of research devoted to the development of the concept of synthetic multifunctional pores. The objective is to complement a comprehensive graphical summary of molecular recognition with a survey of structural studies on the same topic. The relevance of the latter for research focusing on creation and application of supramolecular functional materials is discussed briefly in a subjective manner.
Influence of polymer viscoelasticity on the residence distributions of extruders
Authors: Elkouss Paul , Bigio David I. , Wetzel Mark D. , Raghavan Srinivasa R.
Published: January 2006

Fluid flow in extruders has been described kinematically using residence time distributions (RTDs). Residence Distributions (RxD), as expressed by Residence Volume Distributions and Residence Revolution Distributions, have shown to collapse the RTD curves onto single master curves based on specific throughput. When the same extruder is used for processing different polymers, differences in RxDs have been attributed mainly to differences in material viscosity, as measured, for example, by the melt flow index. This study explores the role of polymer viscoelasticity in modeling extruder performance. It is shown that viscosity is not the material property that explains differences in RxDs. In one case, two materials with very similar viscosities have very different RxDs and, in a second case, two materials having very different viscosities have very similar RxDs. A calculation of the Weissenberg number for each system shows that viscoelastic effects can underlie the differences in RxD. Strongly elastic fluids tend to travel in a plug‐flow–like manner down an extruder and so their RxDs are qualitatively different from those of viscous fluids. The results thus show that comprehensive rheological information is necessary for modeling the flow of polymer melts in extruders. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
No association between VNTR polymorphisms of dopamine transporter gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Chinese children
Authors: Cheuk Daniel Ka Leung , Li Susanna Yuk Han , Wong Virginia
Published: January 2006

Dopamine transporter (DAT) gene is implicated in the pathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previously a meta‐analysis concluded no association between the variable‐number‐of‐tandem‐repeats (VNTR) polymorphisms of the DAT gene and ADHD. However, significant heterogeneity was present among studies and no conclusion can be drawn about the association in any single ethnicity given the small number of studies. There were also conflicting results in Chinese populations. We therefore perform the present study to investigate the association in Chinese children in Hong Kong. In this prospective family‐based and case‐control study during January to June 2004, we recruited consecutive Chinese children diagnosed with ADHD by DSM‐IV criteria, their family members, and sex‐matched controls admitted for acute upper respiratory infection, excluding those with perinatal brain insults, mental retardation, or neurological deficits. VNTR polymorphisms of the DAT gene were determined by standard PCR followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Sixty‐four ADHD cases (52 boys, 12 girls), their family members and 64 normal controls were recruited. The 10‐repeat allele (92.6%) and the 10/10 repeat genotype (85.2%) were the most prevalent. Both family‐based and case‐control analyses showed no association between the DAT gene polymorphisms and ADHD (transmission dysequilibrium test: P = 0.99; odds ratio of 10‐repeat allele = 0.89 (95%CI 0.35–2.28), P = 0.81; odds ratio of 10/10 repeat genotype = 0.69 (95%CI 0.26–1.84), P = 0.46). We concluded that VNTR polymorphism of the DAT gene is not associated with ADHD in Chinese children, and further studies are needed to clarify the polygenic and environmental influences for pathogenesis of ADHD. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coxibs and Alzheimer's disease: Should they stay or should they go?
Authors: Firuzi Omidreza , Praticò Domenico
Published: January 2006

The neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by deposits of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles, but also, among other aspects, by signs of a chronic inflammatory process. Epidemiological studies have shown that long‐term use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduces the risk of developing AD and delays its onset. The classic target of NSAIDs is the prevention of cyclooxygenase (COX) activation. The main mechanism of action of COXs is the synthesis of prostaglandins, some of which have potent inflammatory activity. The discovery of two isoforms of this enzyme, COX‐1 and COX‐2, and that the latter is inducible by inflammatory cytokines supported the hypothesis that its inhibition would result in a potent antiinflammatory effect and led to the rapid development of selective COX‐2 inhibitors, collectively called coxibs. Based on this rationale, some coxibs have been used in clinical trials for AD patients, but all the results obtained so far have been negative. Here, we review our knowledge in terms of COX‐2 in the central nervous system, COX‐2 and Aβ formation, and finally COX‐2 and AD pathogenesis to understand the reasons why these drugs have failed and whether there is any scientific support to keep them as therapeutic tools for this chronic disease. Ann Neurol 2006
Formation of SBS thermoplastic block copolymer using hexamethyleneimine alkenyl lithium (N‐Li) initiator
Authors: Wang Qiang , Wang Yurong , Liao Mingyi , Zhang Chunqing
Published: January 2006

Styrene and butadiene block copolymers (SBS) end functionalized with amino group at the initiating chain ends were synthesized using hexamethyleneimine alkenyl lithium (N‐Li) as initiator, tetrahydrofuran (THF) as polar modifier, and cyclohexane as solvent. By attaching a few number of butadiene molecules to N‐lithium hexamethyleneimine, a new N‐Li initiator that can effectively initiate the polymerization of SBS was obtained. 1H NMR spectrums of the N‐Li initiator terminated by ethanol, end functionalized polystyrene, and SBS block copolymer proved the structure of N‐Li and its ability to initiate the polymerization of styrene and SBS block copolymer. Kinetics studies suggested that the polymerization rate of styrene in the first block reached the maximum when the ratio of THF/Li was increased to 5, while further increase of the ratio of THF/Li could not improve the polymerization rate. The molecular weight distribution (MWD) of SBS initiated by N‐Li varied with the ratio of THF/Li. The vinyl content of polybutadiene block increased by improving the ratio of THF/Li, while the content of cis‐1,4 and trans‐1,4 structures decreased. The vinyl content of end functionalized SBS was somewhat higher than that of SBS initiated by classical n‐butyllithium when other condition was the same. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 81–88, 2006
Poly(D, L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide)/poly(ethylenimine) blend matrix system for pH sensitive drug delivery
Authors: Sutton Damon , Durand Remy , Shuai Xintao , Gao Jinming
Published: January 2006

Poly(D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) and poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) were blended and found to form a homogeneous pH sensitive matrix for drug release. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies of the PLGA/PEI blends showed a single glass transition temperature at all compositions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) demonstrated that the PLGA carbonyl peak at 1760 cm−1 shifted to 1666 cm−1 as a result of amide bond formation between the two polymers. This was confirmed by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies. A PLGA/PEI matrix of 90/10 weight ratio was chosen for evaluation for controlled drug release. Both hydrophobic β‐lapachone and hydrophilic rhodamine B showed pH dependent release profiles with faster release kinetics at lower pH values. The observed pH sensitive drug release was mainly attributed to two factors, pH dependent swelling and protonation of the PEI‐PLGA matrix. These results demonstrate utility of a PLGA/PEI matrix and its potential application in pH responsive drug delivery. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 89–96, 2006
Effect of amino‐functionalization of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes on the dispersion with epoxy resin matrix
Authors: Wang Jianguo , Fang Zhengping , Gu Aijuan , Xu Lihua , Liu Fu
Published: January 2006

Amino‐functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was carried out by grafting triethylenetetramine (TETA) on the surfaces of MWCNTs through the acid–thionyl chloride way. The amino‐functionalized MWCNTs show improved compatibility with epoxy resin and, as a result, more homogenous dispersion in the matrix. The mechanical, optical, and thermal properties of the amino‐functionalized MWCNT/epoxy composites were also investigated. It was found that introducing the amino‐functionalized MWCNTs into epoxy resin greatly increased the charpy impact strength, glass transition temperature, and initial decomposing temperature of cured epoxy resin. In addition, introducing unfunctionalized MWCNTs into epoxy resin was found greatly depressing the light transmission properties, which would affirmatively confine the application of the MWCNTs/epoxy composites in the future, while much higher light transmittance than that of unfunctionalized MWCNTs/epoxy composites was found for amino‐functionalized MWCNTs/epoxy composites. SEM of the impact cross section and TEM of ultrathin film of the amino‐functionalized MWCNTs/epoxy composites showed that the amino‐functionalized MWCNTs were wetted well by epoxy matrix. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 97–104, 2006
Synthesis and characterization of new functional poly(urethane‐imide) crosslinked networks
Authors: Park Mi‐Hee , Jang Wonbong , Yang Seung‐Jin , Shul Yonggun , Han Haksoo
Published: January 2006

To synthesize new functional poly(urethane‐imide) crosslinked networks, soluble polyimide from 2,2′‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride, 4,4′‐oxydianiline, and maleic anhydride and polyurethane prepolymer from polycaprolactone diol, tolylene 2,4‐diisocyanate and hydroxyl ethyl acrylate were prepared. Poly(urethane‐imide) thin films were finally prepared by the reaction between maleimide end‐capped soluble polyimide (PI) and acrylate end‐capped polyurethane (PU). The effect of polyurethane content on dielectric constant, residual stress, morphology, thermal property, and mechanical property was studied by FTIR, prism coupler, Thin Film Stress Analyzer (TFSA), XRD, TGA, DMTA, and Nano‐indentation. Dielectric constant of poly(urethane‐imide) thin films (2.39–2.45) was lower than that of pure polyimide (2.46). Especially, poly(urethane‐imide) thin films with 50% of PU showed lower dielectric constant than other poly(urethane‐imide) thin films did. Lower residual stress and slope in cooling curve were achieved in higher PU content. Compared to typical polyurethane, poly(urethane‐imide) thin films exhibited better thermal stability due to the presence of the imide groups. The glass transition temperature, modulus, and hardness decreased with increase in the flexible PU content even though elongation and thermal expansion coefficient increased. Finally, poly(urethane‐imide) thin films with low residual stress and dielectric constant, which are strongly affected by the morphological structure, chain mobility, and modulus, can be suggested to apply for electronic devices by variation of PU. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 113–123, 2006
An object‐oriented approach to simulating convective rainfall over an island heat source
Authors: Charlery John L.
Published: January 2006

A model for simulating the life cycle of convective cloud formation through daytime heating over a small island is developed. Resulting precipitation is also simulated. The evolution of the cloud cells is represented as a sequence of stages, with both the main and supporting cells described by attributes whose values change as the atmospheric environment evolves. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Propensity scores and the surgeon
Authors: Adamina M , Guller U , Weber W P , Oertli D
Published: January 2006

Background

Evidence-based surgery has been established as a cornerstone of good clinical practice, promising to improve the treatment of patients and the quality of surgical education. However, evidence-based surgery requires dedicated clinicians trained to perform methodologically sound clinical investigations. Statistical knowledge is therefore invaluable. Surgical studies often cannot be randomized. Propensity scores offer a powerful alternative to multivariable analysis in the assessment of observational, non-randomized surgical studies. Unfortunately, many surgeons are unaware of this important analytical approach that has gained increasing stature in medical research. Thus, propensity score analyses are not used often in surgical studies.

Objective

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of propensity score analysis, allowing the surgeon to understand the role, advantages and limitations of propensity scores, boosting their development in surgical investigations.
Latent plaque rupture in a patient undergoing stenting for acute coronary syndrome and diffuse coronary disease: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Koizumi Tomomi , Wilson Andrew M. , Clark David A. , Fitzgerald Peter J.
Published: January 2006

Secondary prevention of plaque rupture following percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome is not well studied. This case report describes a 53‐year‐old man who experienced plaque rupture between two previously successfully implanted stents in the right coronary artery, as documented during the 3rd intervention using intravascular ultrasound. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss. Inc.
Late fenestration of the extracardiac conduit in a Fontan circuit by sequential stent flaring
Authors: Gewillig M. , Boshoff D. , Delhaas T.
Published: January 2006

Recent Fontan circuits frequently involve an extracardiac conduit. We report on a new technique to create a late fenestration in such an extracardiac circuit by sequential flaring of a stent in the fenestration. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Giant Porphyrin Wheels with Large Electronic Coupling as Models of Light‐Harvesting Photosynthetic Antenna
Authors: Hori Takaaki , Aratani Naoki , Takagi Akihiko , Matsumoto Takuya , Kawai Tomoji , Yoon Min‐Chul , Yoon Zin Seok , Cho Sung , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: January 2006

Starting from a 1,3‐phenylene‐linked diporphyrin zinc(II) complex 2ZA, repeated stepwise AgI‐promoted coupling reactions provided linear oligomers 4ZA, 6ZA, 8ZA, and 12ZA. The intramolecular cyclization reaction of 12ZA under dilute conditions (1×10−6 M) gave porphyrin ring C12ZA with a diameter of approximately 35 Å in 60 % yield. This synthetic strategy has been applied to a 1,3‐phenylene‐linked tetraporphyrin 4ZB to provide 8ZB, 12ZB, 16ZB, 24ZB, and 32ZB. The intramolecular coupling reaction of 24ZB gave a larger 24‐mer porphyrin ring C24ZB with a diameter of approximately 70 Å in 34 % yield. These two large porphyrin rings were characterized by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy, matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectroscopy, UV‐visible spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis, and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) techniques. The STM images of C12ZA reveal largely circular structures, whereas those of C24ZB exhibit mostly ellipsoidal shapes, indicating more conformational flexibility of C24ZB. Similar to the case of C12ZA, the efficient excitation energy transfer along the ring has been confirmed for C24ZB by using the time‐correlated single‐photon counting (TCSPC) and picosecond transient absorption anisotropy (TAA) measurements, and occurs with a rate of (35 ps)−1 for energy hops between neighboring tetraporphyrin subunits. Collectively, the present work provides an important step for the construction of large cyclic‐arranged porphyrin arrays with ample electronic interactions as a model of light‐harvesting antenna.
Rate Enhancement of PFP Sulfonate Ester Aminolysis by Chloride Salts in Organic and Aqueous Media.
Authors: Wilden Jonathan D. , Judd Duncan B. , Caddick Stephen
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Broensted Acid Promoted Cyclizations of 1‐Siloxy‐1,5‐diynes.
Authors: Sun Jianwei , Kozmin Sergey A.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Synthesis of Arylketones via Friedel—Crafts Acyldegermylation.
Authors: Spivey Alan C. , Gripton Christopher J. G. , Noban Catherine , Parr Nigel J.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Nickel Catalyst for Coupling of Acetonitrile with Aldehydes.
Authors: Fan Lei , Ozerov Oleg V.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Practical and Efficient Method for the Preparation of Aromatic Sulfones by the Reaction of Aryl Sulfonyl Chlorides with Arenes Catalyzed by Fe(OH)3.
Authors: Jin Tongshou , Zhao Ying , Ma Yanran , Li Tongshuang
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diastereoselective Epoxidation of Allylic Diols Derived from Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Porto Ricardo S. , Vasconcellos Mario L. A. A. , Ventura Elizete , Coelho Fernando
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Benzotriazole‐Assisted Thioacylation.
Authors: Katritzky Alan R. , Witek Rachel M. , Rodriguez‐Garcia Valerie , Mohapatra Prabhu P. , Rogers James W. , Cusido Janet , Abdel‐Fattah Ashraf A. A. , Steel Peter J.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Desilylative Nitration of C,N‐Disilylated 3‐Amino‐4‐methylfurazan.
Authors: Sheremetev Aleksei B. , Ivanova Elena A. , Spiridonova N. P. , Melnikova S. F. , Tselinsky I. V. , Suponitsky Kyrill Yu. , Antipin Mikhail Yu.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selective Oxidation of Thioureas in an Ionic Liquid by Employing an Ion‐Supported Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagent.
Authors: Qian Weixing , Jin Erlei , Bao Weiliang , Zhang Yongmin
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Clean Synthesis of Compounds Containing Two 4H‐Pyrans or Two Tetraketones in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Jin Tong‐Shou , Liu Li‐Bin , Zhao Ying , Li Tong‐Shuang
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diamino‐C,N‐diarylpyridine Positional Isomers as Inhibitors of Lysophosphatidic Acid Acyltransferase‐β.
Authors: Hong Feng , Hollenback David , Singer Jack W. , Klein Peter
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Arylphthalazines: Identification of a New Phthalazine Chemotype as Inhibitors of VEGFR Kinase.
Authors: Piatnitski Evgueni L. , Duncton Matthew A. J. , Kiselyov Alexander S. , Katoch‐Rouse Reeti , Sherman Dan , Miligan Daniel L. , Balagtas Chris , Wong Wai C. , Kawakami Joel , Doody Jacqueline F.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Novel Pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidines, Pyrido[3′′,2′′:4′,5′]thieno[3′,2′:4,5]pyrimido[1,6‐a]benzimidazoles and Related Fused Systems.
Authors: Bakhite E. A. , Al‐Sehemi A. G. , Yamada Y.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2‐Benzazepine Analogues from D‐Glucose: Synthesis of Chiral cis‐ and trans‐Fused Furo[3,2‐c][2]benzazepine Derivatives.
Authors: Majhi Tirtha Pada , Nandi Aniruddha , Neogi Arpita , Mukhopadhyay Ranjan , Chattopadhyay Partha
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile Synthesis of Highly Functionalized N‐Methyl Amino Acid Esters Without Side‐Chain Protection.
Authors: White Kimberly N. , Konopelski Joseph P.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efforts Toward the Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Kendomycin.
Authors: Williams David R. , Shamim Khalida
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Germanium Nanowire Synthesis: An Example of Solid‐Phase Seeded Growth with Nickel Nanocrystals.
Authors: Tuan Hsing‐Yu , Lee Doh C. , Hanrath Tobias , Korgel Brian A.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Molecular Imprinting: Recent Developments and Applications
Authors: Ye Lei
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diastereoselective, Enantioselective, and Regioselective Carboalumination Reactions Catalyzed by Zirconocene Derivatives
Authors: Negishi Ei‐ichi , Tan Ze
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tandem Epoxidation/Stereoselective Intramolecular [4 + 3] Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Schall Andreas , Reiser Oliver
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxygen Active Species in Chemical and Biological Systems
Authors: Lopez Luigi , Lopez Linda C.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Introduction to Multiphase Homogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Cornils Boy , Herrmann Wolfgang A. , Horvath Istvan T. , Leitner Walter , Mecking Stefan , Olivier‐Bourbigou Helene , Vogt Dieter
Published: January 2006

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Activation of Silicon Bonds by Fluoride Ion in Organic Synthesis in the New Millennium: A Review
Authors: Abele Edgars
Published: January 2006

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β‐Lactams and Larger Ring Lactams
Authors: Smith M. B.
Published: January 2006

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The Magnetic Shielding Function of Molecules and Pi‐Electron Delocalization
Authors: Heine Thomas , Corminboeuf Clemence , Seifert Gotthard
Published: January 2006

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Color‐Tunable Photoluminescence of Alloyed CdSxSe1‐x Nanobelts.
Authors: Pan Anlian , Yang Hua , Liu Ruibin , Yu Richeng , Zou Bingsuo , Wang Zhonglin
Published: January 2006

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Polymorphism in Micro‐, Submicro‐, and Nanocrystalline NaNbO3.
Authors: Shiratori Yosuke , Magrez Arnaud , Dornseiffer Juergen , Haegel Franz‐Hubert , Pithan Christian , Waser Rainer
Published: January 2006

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Tandem Radical‐Addition—Aldol‐Type Reaction of an α,β‐Unsaturated Oxime Ether.
Authors: Ueda Masafumi , Miyabe Hideto , Sugino Hisako , Miyata Okiko , Naito Takeaki
Published: January 2006

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Direct Arylation Reactions Catalyzed by Pd(OH)2/C: Evidence for a Soluble Palladium Catalyst.
Authors: Parisien Mathieu , Valette Damien , Fagnou Keith
Published: January 2006

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Broensted Acid Catalysis: Organocatalytic Hydrogenation of Imines.
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Azap Cengiz , Sugiono Erli , Theissmann Thomas
Published: January 2006

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Self‐Encapsulation of Homogeneous Catalyst Species into Polymer Gel Leading to a Facile and Efficient Separation System of Amine Products in the Ru‐Catalyzed Reduction of Carboxamides with Polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS).
Authors: Motoyama Yukihiro , Mitsui Kaoru , Ishida Toshiki , Nagashima Hideo
Published: January 2006

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InCl3‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Thiolysis of α,β‐Epoxycarboxylic Acids in Water.
Authors: Fringuelli Francesco , Pizzo Ferdinando , Tortoioli Simone , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: January 2006

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Formal [(2 + 2) + 2] and [(2 + 2) + (2 + 2)] Nonconjugated Dienediyne Cascade Cycloadditions.
Authors: Wu Yao‐Ting , Linden Anthony , Siegel Jay S.
Published: January 2006

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Facile Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of Novel 4,4′‐Bis[2′′‐(5′′′‐substituted rhodanin‐3′′′‐yl)thiazol‐4′′‐yl]bibenzyls.
Authors: Siddiqui I. R. , Singh Pravin K. , Singh Jaya , Singh Jagdamba
Published: January 2006

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Inhibition of Secretory Phospholipase A2. Part 1. Design, Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationship Studies Starting from 4‐Tetradecyloxybenzamidine to Obtain Specific Inhibitors of Group II sPLA2s.
Authors: Heymans Francoise , et al. et al.
Published: January 2006

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A Rapid Access to the Spiroaminoketal Framework.
Authors: Tursun Ahmatjan , Aboab Bettina , Martin Anne‐Sophie , Sinibaldi Marie‐Eve , Canet Isabelle
Published: January 2006

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Synthesis of New N‐(5‐Oxo‐2,5‐dihydro)pyrrol‐3‐yl Glycines and N‐(5‐Oxo‐2,5‐dihydro)pyrrol‐3‐yl Glycines Esters
Authors: Jourdan Fabrice , Kaiser Jens T. , Lowe David J.
Published: January 2006

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Microwave‐Accelerated Cross‐Metathesis Reactions of N‐Allyl Amino Acid Substrates.
Authors: Poulsen Sally‐Ann , Bornaghi Laurent F.
Published: January 2006

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Opening of Aryl‐Substituted Epoxides to Form Quaternary Stereogenic Centers: Synthesis of (‐)‐Mesembrine.
Authors: Taber Douglass F. , He Yigang
Published: January 2006

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Benzyl Ether Structure—‐Activity Relationships in a Series of Ketopiperazine‐Based Renin Inhibitors.
Authors: Powell Noel A. , Clay Emma H. , Holsworth Daniel D. , Bryant John W. , Ryan Michael J. , Jalaie Mehran , Edmunds Jeremy J.
Published: January 2006

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Structure and Synthesis of SSZ‐63: Toward an Ordered Form of Zeolite Beta.
Authors: Burton Allen W. , Elomari Saleh , Chan Igantius , Pradhan Ajit , Kibby Charles
Published: January 2006

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High Affinity Ligands for the α7 Nicotinic Receptor that Show no Cross‐Reactivity with the 5‐HT3 Receptor.
Authors: Baker S. Richard , Boot John , Brunavs Michael , Dobson David , Green Rachel , Hayhurst Lorna , Keenan Martine , Wallace Louise
Published: January 2006

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Epitaxial Self‐Organization: from Surfaces to Magnetic Materials
Authors: Fruchart Olivier
Published: January 2006

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Selectivity versus Reactivity — Recent Advances in RuO4‐Catalyzed Oxidations
Authors: Plietker Bernd
Published: January 2006

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β‐Heteroatom‐Substituted Alkanamides
Authors: Manyem S. , Sibi M. P.
Published: January 2006

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Dehalogenation
Authors: Bressan Mario
Published: January 2006

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Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Sinou Denis
Published: January 2006

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Chemical Speciation Effects in Nanofiltration Separation
Authors: Waite T. David
Published: January 2006

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Merging Concepts from Liquid‐State and Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy for the Investigation of Supra‐ and Biomolecular Systems
Authors: Schnell Ingo
Published: January 2006

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Application of EXAFS to Molten Salts and Ionic Liquid Technology
Authors: Hardacre Christopher
Published: January 2006

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Comparative assessment of the 1992 and 2002 pathologic T3 substages for the prediction of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Steuber Thomas , Erbersdobler Andreas , Graefen Markus , Haese Alexander , Huland Hartwig , Karakiewicz Pierre I.
Published: January 2006

BACKGROUND

The objective of this study was to compare the ability of the 1992 American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system for nonorgan‐confined prostate carcinoma (PCa) (pathologic T3 [pT3a], pT3b,and pT3c) to predict biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy with its revision from 1997/2002 (pT3a and pT3b).

METHODS

The authors analyzed prospectively collected data from 971 consecutive patients with pT3 tumors who underwent radical prostatectomy alone at a single institution. According to the 1992 AJCC substages, 494 patients had pT3a PCa (51%), 85 patients had pT3b PCa (9%), 302 patients had pT3c PCa (31%) and 91 patients had pT3 PCa (9%) with metastatic lymph node invasion (LNI). Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were employed to assess the BCR rate using the preoperative prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, surgical margin (SM) status, pathologic Gleason score, and LNI. The predictive accuracy of this “base” model was compared with models that added either the AJCC 1992 or the AJCC 1997/2002 staging definitions.

RESULTS

BCR was observed in 345 patients (36%). The actuarial 5‐year recurrence‐free probability for patients with AJCC 1992 pT3a, pT3b, and pT3c PCa was 69%, 42%, and 33%, respectively, and differed significantly between men with pT3a tumors and men with pT3b tumors (log‐rank test; P < 0.0005). In Cox regression analyses, the 1992 substages were associated significantly with BCR after controlling for PSA, SM status, Gleason grade, and LNI (P < 0.0005). The predictive accuracy of the base model (bootstrap‐corrected concordance index, 0.739) was improved after addition of the 1992 TNM staging criteria (concordance index, 0.747). However, predictive accuracy was similar for the model that included the 1997/2002 substages (concordance index, 0.746).

CONCLUSIONS

Substaging of pT3 tumors according to the less complex 1997/2002 pT3 classification improved the predictive accuracy of the BCR rate virtually to the same extent as the more detailed 1992 classification. Therefore, the current data favor the use of the 1997/2002 pT3 substaging system. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Concurrent endometrial carcinoma in women with a biopsy diagnosis of atypical endometrial hyperplasia
Authors: Trimble Cornelia L. , Kauderer James , Zaino Richard , Silverberg Steven , Lim Peter C. , Burke James J. , Alberts David , Curtin John
Published: January 2006

BACKGROUND

Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States, accounting for approximately 36,000 diagnoses of invasive carcinoma annually. The most common histologic type, endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EC), accounts for 75–80% of patients. The objective of this work was to estimate the prevalence of concurrent carcinoma in women with a biopsy diagnosis of the precursor lesion, atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH).

METHODS

This prospective cohort study included women who had a community diagnosis of AEH. Diagnostic biopsy specimens were reviewed independently by three gynecologic pathologists who used International Society of Gynecologic Pathologists/World Health Organization criteria. Study participants underwent hysterectomy within 12 weeks of entry onto protocol without interval treatment. The hysterectomy slides also were reviewed by the study pathologists, and their findings were used in the subsequent analyses.

RESULTS

Between November 1998 and June 2003, 306 women were enrolled on the study. Of these, 17 women were not included in the analysis: Two patients had unreadable slides because of poor processing or insufficient tissue, 2 patients had only slides that were not endometrial, the slides for 5 patients were not available for review, and 8 of the hysterectomy specimens were excluded because they showed evidence of interval intervention, either progestin effect or ablation. In total, 289 patients were included in the current analysis. The study panel review of the AEH biopsy specimens was interpreted as follows: 74 of 289 specimens (25.6%) were diagnosed as less than AEH, 115 of 289 specimens (39.8%) were diagnosed as AEH, and 84 of 289 specimens (29.1%) were diagnosed as endometrial carcinoma. In 5.5% (16 of 289 specimens), there was no consensus on the biopsy diagnosis. The rate of concurrent endometrial carcinoma for analyzed specimens was 42.6% (123 of 289 specimens). Of these, 30.9% (38 of 123 specimens) were myoinvasive, and 10.6% (13 of 123 specimens) involved the outer 50% of the myometrium. Among the women who had hysterectomy specimens with carcinoma, 14 of 74 women (18.9%) had a study panel biopsy consensus diagnosis of less than AEH, 45 of 115 women (39.1%) had a study panel biopsy consensus diagnosis of AEH, and 54 of 84 women (64.3%) had a study panel diagnosis of carcinoma. Among women who had no consensus in their biopsy diagnosis, 10 of 16 women (62.5%) had carcinoma in their hysterectomy specimens.

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of endometrial carcinoma in patients who had a community hospital biopsy diagnosis of AEH was high (42.6%). When considering management strategies for women who have a biopsy diagnosis of AEH, clinicians and patients should take into account the considerable rate of concurrent carcinoma. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
The effect of menatetrenone, a vitamin K2 analog, on disease recurrence and survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after curative treatment
Authors: Mizuta Toshihiko , Ozaki Iwata , Eguchi Yuichiro , Yasutake Tsutomu , Kawazoe Seiji , Fujimoto Kazuma , Yamamoto Kyosuke
Published: January 2006

BACKGROUND

The high recurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) determines the long‐term prognosis for patients with HCC. In the current study, the authors tested the effects of menatetrenone, a vitamin K2 analog, on recurrent HCC and survival after curative treatment.

METHODS

Sixty‐one patients who were diagnosed as free of HCC after surgical resection or percutaneous local ablation were assigned randomly assigned to either a menatetrenone group (n = 32 patients) or a control group (n = 29 patients). Patients in the menatetrenone group received a daily oral dose of 45 mg of menatetrenone. Disease recurrence and survival rates were analyzed in patients with HCC.

RESULTS

The cumulative recurrence rates in the menatetrenone group were 12.5% at 12 months, 39.0% at 24 months, and 64.3% at 36 months; and the corresponding recurrence rates in the control group were 55.2%, 83.2%, and 91.6%, respectively (P = 0.0002). Similar results were obtained even for patients who had low baseline levels of serum des‐γ‐carboxy‐prothrombin. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses showed that the administration of menatetrenone was the only factor related to the recurrence rate of HCC. The cumulative survival rates for the patients who received menatetrenone were 100% at 12 months, 96.6% at 24 months, and 87.0% at 36 months; and the corresponding survival rates for patients in the control group were 96.4%, 80.9%, and 64.0%, respectively (P = 0.051).

CONCLUSIONS

The current study findings suggested that menatetrenone may have a suppressive effect on recurrence of HCC and a beneficial effect on survival, although a larger, placebo‐controlled trial will be required to prove these effects. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.