bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal study defined circulating microRNAs as reliable biomarkers for disease prognosis and progression in ALS human patients
Authors: Dobrowolny Gabriella , Martone Julie , Lepore Elisa , Casola Irene , Petrucci Antonio , Inghilleri Maurizio , Morlando Mariangela , Colantoni Alessio , Scicchitano Bianca Maria , Calvo Andrea , Bisogni Giulia , Chiò Adriano , Sabatelli Mario , Bozzoni Irene , Musarò Antonio
Published: January 2021

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease associated with motor neuron degeneration, muscle atrophy and paralysis. To date, multiple panels of biomarkers have been described in ALS patients and murine models. Nevertheless, none of them has sufficient specificity and thus the molecular signature for ALS prognosis and progression remains to be elucidated. Here we overcome this limitation through a longitudinal study, analyzing serum levels of circulating miRNAs, stable molecules that are recently used as promising biomarkers for many types of human disorders, in ALS patients during the progression of the pathology. We performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis and absolute RT quantification of serum samples of ALS patients and healthy controls. The expression levels of five selected miRNAs were quantitatively analyzed during disease progression in each patient and we demonstrated that high levels of miR-206, miR-133a and miR-151a-5p can predict a slower clinical decline of patient functionality. In particular, we found that miR-206 and miR-151a-5p serum levels were significantly up-regulated at the mild stage of ALS pathology, to decrease in the following moderate and severe stages, whereas the expression levels of miR-133a and miR-199a-5p remained low throughout the course of the disease, showing a diagnostic significance in moderate and severe stages for miR-133a and in mild and terminal ones for miR-199a-5p. Moreover, we found that miR-423–3p and 151a-5p were significantly downregulated respectively in mild and terminal stages of the disease. These data suggest that these miRNAs represent potential prognostic markers for ALS disease.
A comprehensive analysis of somatic alterations in Chinese ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Zhang Yingli , Shi Xiaoliang , Zhang Jiejie , Chen Xi , Zhang Peng , Liu Angen , Zhu Tao
Published: January 2021

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common cancers in women and is often diagnosed as advanced stage because of the subtle symptoms of early ovarian cancer. To identify the somatic alterations and new biomarkers for the diagnosis and targeted therapy of Chinese ovarian cancer patients, a total of 65 Chinese ovarian cancer patients were enrolled for detection of genomic alterations. The most commonly mutated genes in ovarian cancers were TP53 (86.15%, 56/65), NF1 (13.85%, 9/65), NOTCH3 (10.77%, 7/65), and TERT (10.77%, 7/65). Statistical analysis showed that TP53 and LRP1B mutations were associated with the age of patients, KRAS, TP53, and PTEN mutations were significantly associated with tumor differentiation, and MED12, LRP2, PIK3R2, CCNE1, and LRP1B mutations were significantly associated with high tumor mutational burden. The mutation frequencies of LRP2 and NTRK3 in metastatic ovarian cancers were higher than those in primary tumors, but the difference was not significant (P = 0.072, for both). Molecular characteristics of three patients responding to olapanib supported that BRCA mutation and HRD related mutations is the target of olaparib in platinum sensitive patients. In conclusion we identified the somatic alterations and suggested a group of potential biomarkers for Chinese ovarian cancer patients. Our study provided a basis for further exploration of diagnosis and molecular targeted therapy for Chinese ovarian cancer patients.
Computational analysis of binding free energies, hotspots and the binding mechanism of Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 binding to Bad/Bax
Authors: Duan Lili , Dong Shuheng , Huang Kaifang , Cong Yalong , Luo Song , Zhang John Z. H.
Published: January 2021

Hierarchical clustering tree of residues providing contributions to system binding based on the binding free energy of specific residues for (A) Bcl-xL systems (B) Bcl-2 systems.
Microscopic structural features of water in aqueous–reline mixtures of varying compositions
Authors: Sarkar Soham , Maity Atanu , Chakrabarti Rajarshi
Published: January 2021

Water–urea hydrogen bonds partially restore the tetrahedral coordination of water molecules in aqueous reline solutions.
LncRNA H19 regulates smooth muscle cell functions and participates in the development of aortic dissection through sponging miR-193b-3p
Authors: Ren Mingming , Wang Tao , Wei Xiaolong , Wang Yizeng , Ouyang Chun , Xie Yilian , Ye Xiaoqiang , Han Zhen
Published: January 2021

Background: Multiple studies showed that long-chain noncoding RNA H19 (LncRNA H19) is high-expressed in human and mouse abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). We speculated that it plays an important role in arterial disease, and therefore studied the role and mechanism of H19 in aortic dissection (AD).

Methods: The expressions of related genes in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) induced by platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) or in the aortic tissue of AD patients/mice were identified by Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The targeting relationship between H19 and miR-193b-3p was predicted and verified by bioinformatics analysis, dual luciferase assay, RNA pull-down assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and Pearson correlation coefficient. The H19 and miR-193b-3p effects on the biological functions of tissues and cells were examined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide, thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide) assay, wound-healing assay, and Hematoxylin–Eosin (HE) staining.

Results: LncRNA H19 was abnormally high-expressed in thoracic aorta tissues of AD patients, and it could competitively bind to and inhibit miR-193b-3p. In the PDGF-BB group, the expressions of H19, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were up-regulated and the expressions of miR-193b-3p, α-SMA, and SM22α were down-regulated; moreover, the proliferation and migration rate of HASMCs were increased. However, H19 silencing reversed the regulation of PDGF-BB on HASMCs. More interestingly, miR-193b-3p inhibitor could partially reverse the effect of H19 silencing. In addition, the above results were verified by animal experiments, showing that shH19 and up-regulated miR-193b-3p could significantly reduce the thoracic aorta pathological damage in AD mice.

Conclusion: LncRNA H19 regulated smooth muscle cell function by sponging miR-193b-3p and it participated in the development of AD.
Insights into the mechanism of vascular endothelial cells on bone biology
Authors: Yin Ying , Tang Qingming , Xie Mengru , Hu Li , Chen Lili
Published: January 2021

In the skeletal system, blood vessels not only function as a conduit system for transporting gases, nutrients, metabolic waste, or cells but also provide multifunctional signal molecules regulating bone development, regeneration, and remodeling. Endothelial cells (ECs) in bone tissues, unlike in other organ tissues, are in direct contact with the pericytes of blood vessels, resulting in a closer connection with peripheral connective tissues. Close-contact ECs contribute to osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis by secreting various cytokines in the paracrine or juxtacrine pathways. An increasing number of studies have revealed that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from ECs can directly regulate maturation process of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The different pathways focus on targets at different distances, forming the basis of the intimate spatial and temporal link between bone tissue and blood vessels. Here, we provide a systematic review to elaborate on the function of ECs in bone biology and its underlying mechanisms based on three aspects: paracrine, EVs, and juxtacrine. This review proposes the possibility of a therapeutic strategy targeting blood vessels, as an adjuvant treatment for bone disorders.
Development of next-generation antimicrobial hydrogel dressing to combat burn wound infection
Authors: Kopecki Zlatko
Published: January 2021

Infection of burn wounds often leads to poor healing, sepsis, disability, or even death. Traditional care focuses on early debridement, fluid resuscitation, and intravenous antibiotics but these are often inadequate due to compromised vasculature limiting systemic antibiotics effectiveness. Biofilms in burn wounds are barriers to treatment and are associated with the transition of wounds from acute to chronic non-healing state. Current topical treatments for burn wounds include skin substitutes impregnated with skin or stem cells that promote healing; or hydrogels delivering an antibiotic, silver, or synthetic antimicrobial peptides. The success of currently available products is varied and, in some cases, very limited due to associated cytotoxicity to mammalian cells, the ability to only fight extracellular biofilm infections, and the ever-increasing development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). There is, therefore, a high clinical need for the development of next-generation hydrogel wound dressings, to combat bacterial burn wound infection. A recent paper by Khan et al. (Bioscience Reports (2020) 39, https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20190504) highlights the development of a catechol cross-linked antimicrobial peptide hydrogel, adding to the body of literature describing innovative solutions with better delivery systems for antimicrobial peptides, and identifying a promising future biomaterial for development of novel hydrogel dressing to combat multi-drug resistant bacterial infections in burn wounds.
The CAT-1 is out of the bag: endothelial Cationic Amino Acid Transporter-1 is a critical player in cardiorenal syndrome type 2
Authors: Hutchens Michael P. , De Miguel Carmen
Published: January 2021

Although the numbers of patients affected by cardiorenal syndrome keeps increasing, we lack a complete understanding of the molecular pathways involved in its development and progression. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) may play a role in cardiorenal syndrome, particularly cardiorenal syndrome type 2 (CRS2). However, complexities and paradoxical clinical findings have limited translation. In the current Clinical Science, Giam et al. (Clinical Science (2020) 134, 2755–2769) highlight the role of a key NOS substrate transporter, the cationic amino acid transporter-1, in preserving renal function in CRS2. In this commentary, we introduce the cardiorenal syndrome and the putative role that nitric oxide (NO) may play in the development of this disease and discuss the exciting findings of Giam et al. (Clinical Science (2020) 134, 2755–2769) and their tantalizing translational implications.
Modulated Gabor filter based deep convolutional network for electrical motor bearing fault classification and diagnosis
Authors: Afrasiabi Shahabodin , Mohammadi Mohammad , Afrasiabi Mousa , Parang Benyamin
Published: January 2021

The high applicability of the electrical motor has led to gain attention in condition monitoring to diagnosis the most common type of fault in this machine, bearing element. The emergence of deep neural networks (DNN) provides the opportunity to design a network for early bearing fault diagnosis with high speed and without any additional feature extraction technique. However, robustness against the noise and some deficiencies in fully capturing features are still challenging issues. To resolve this problem, this paper proposes a one module Gabor filter based convolutional neural networks (CNN), namely Gabor convolutional neural network (GCNN), for bearing fault detection and classification. GCNN is a modulated Gabor filter to enhance the ability in capturing temporal features as well as enhance understanding spatial features with fewer parameters and higher robustness against noises and can be considered as a computational efficient deep structure. The simulation results of the bearing fault detection/classification are studied on two different experimental prototypes, including case Western Reserve University (CWRU) and Paderborn University (Paderborn) datasets. The superiority of this method is shown by comparison with accelerated CNN (ACNN), adaptive CNN, standard CNN, support vector machine (SVM), learning vector quantisation (LVQ), and feedforward neural network (FFNN).
NETosis Markers in Pregnancy: Effects Differ According to Histone Subtypes
Authors: Fortier Mathieu , Bouvier Sylvie , Vincent Laura , Demattei Christophe , Mousty Eve , Herzog Marielle , Rommelaere Guillaume , Nouvellon Eva , Mercier Eric , Letouzey Vincent , Gris Jean-Christophe
Published: January 2021

NETosis is an innate immune response occurring after infection or inflammation: activated neutrophils expel decondensed DNA in complex with histones into the extracellular environment in a controlled manner. It activates coagulation and fuels the risk of thrombosis. Human pregnancy is associated with a mild proinflammatory state characterized by circulatory neutrophil activation which is further increased in complicated pregnancies, placenta-mediated complications being associated with an increased thrombotic risk. This aberrant activation leads to an increased release of nucleosomes in the blood flow. The aim of our study was to initially quantify nucleosome-bound histones in normal pregnancy and in placenta-mediated complication counterpart. We analyzed the role of histones on extravillous trophoblast function. Circulating nucleosome-bound histones H3 (Nu.QH3.1, Nu.QH3PanCit, Nu.QH3K27me3) and H4 (Nu.QH4K16Ac) were increased in complicated pregnancies. In vitro using the extravillous cell line HTR-8/SVNeo, we observed that free recombinant H2B, H3, and H4 inhibited migration in wound healing assay, but only H3 also blocked invasion in Matrigel-coated Transwell experiments. H3 and H4 also induced apoptosis, whereas H2B did not. Finally, the negative effects of H3 on invasion and apoptosis could be restored with enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), but not with aspirin. Different circulating nucleosome-bound histones are increased in complicated pregnancy and this would affect migration, invasion, and induce apoptosis of extravillous trophoblasts. Histones might be part of the link between the risk of thrombosis and pregnancy complications, with an effect of LMWH on both.
Delaying the final cut: A close encounter of checkpoint kinases at the midbody
Authors: Hadders Michael A. , Lens Susanne M.A.
Published: January 2021

How chromatin bridges are relayed to the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) during mammalian cell division is unknown. In this issue, Petsalaki and Zachos (2020. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202008029) show that the DNA damage checkpoint kinases ATM and Chk2 signal to the CPC to associate with a pool of cytoskeletal regulators, MKLP2–Cep55, in the midbody center and to delay abscission.
Phase separation in a mixture of trapped charged Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Aksu S Seyyare , Subaşı A Levent , Ghazanfari Nader
Published: January 2021

We study the phase separation configurations and rotational properties of a mixture of two interacting charged Bose–Einstein condensates subjected to a magnetic field trapped in disc and Corbino geometries. We calculate the ground state energies of the azimuthal and radial phase separation configurations using the Gross–Pitaevskii and Thomas–Fermi approximations. We show that the results for the experimentally relevant system parameters of both approaches are in good agreement. For both geometries, an immiscible mixture with equal intracomponent interactions favors azimuthal phase separation for all intercomponent interactions. Only an imbalance in the intracomponent interactions can result in a transition to radial phase separation, for which the transition becomes sensitive to the shape of the trap. We present phase diagrams as functions of the inter- and intracomponent interactions. While radial phase separation is widely favoured in disc geometry, the azimuthal phase separation is favoured for narrower Corbino geometries. We explore the rotational properties of spatially separated condensates subjected to magnetic fields, studying their angular momenta and velocity fields. The quantization of circulation breaks down for azimuthal phase separation. In this case, the bulk region of the condensate continues to display superfluid flow behaviour, whereas the velocity field shows a rigid body behaviour along the phase boundaries.
Strong enhancement of Penning ionisation in cold Rydberg gases II: Tom and Jerry pairs for alkali-metal atoms
Authors: Zalam Alaa Abo , Bruvelis M , Miculis K , Beterov I I , Bezuglov N N , Ekers A , Fuso F
Published: January 2021

Penning ionisation (PI) processes involving pairs of Rydberg alkali-metal atoms, excited to different quantum states and experiencing dipole–dipole interactions, have a wide range of important properties in atomic physics. Within the framework of the semiclassical approximation, we have used both numerical and analytical approaches to examine the Penning autoionisation width dependence on the state quantum numbers in a quasi-molecule formed by the interacting partner atoms. We described the characteristics of optimal quantum numbers that lead to enhanced PI widths for the interacting Rydberg atom pairs of all alkali-metal atoms. The excited states of atoms in these pairs are asymmetric, resulting in a large atomic shell size difference: inspired by Efimov et al (2016 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
49 125302), we call such a pair ‘Tom’ and ‘Jerry’ (for ‘big’ and ‘small’). Compared to symmetric pairs, the optimal asymmetric pairs display a significant (by several orders of magnitude) increase in the PI rate. This property makes PI a relevant source for producing charged particles in cold Rydberg systems that spontaneously evolve into cold plasma. Contrary to hydrogen atoms examined in (Efimov et al 2016 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
49 125302), the difference in quantum defects in alkali-metal atoms results in a strong Penning width dependence on the orbital quantum numbers l of the quasi-molecule. In particular, alkali-metal atoms exhibit two PI channels associated with bound–bound optical transitions showing Δl = ±1—individual and closely spaced (doublet-like) configurations of optimal pairs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the presence of Förster resonances can lead to a notable (up to five times) increase in the PI efficiency.
Thermal effects in field electron emission from idealized arrangements of independent and interacting micro-protrusions
Authors: Mofakhami Darius , Seznec Benjamin , Minea Tiberiu , Teste Philippe , Landfried Romaric , Dessante Philippe
Published: January 2021

Modelling studies of thermo-field electron emission (TFE) from protrusions at a cathode surface usually use simulations in 2D axial symmetry. Indeed, time-dependent simulations in 3D are very demanding in computation time. Often, 3D simulations have been restricted to stationary pure field electron emission to account for the drastic current decrease caused by electric field screening when the emitters are close. Little interest has therefore been granted to the heat exchanges occurring between nearby emitters. Although the temperature is a second-order parameter in TFE compared to the electric field, thermal effects become non-negligible in high current density regimes, where self-heating is well established. The present study focuses on the thermal effects occurring during the TFE from micro-protrusions. Our model considers a DC voltage but solves in time the temperature evolution coupling the heat equation and the current continuity equation. The protrusions are modelled as hemiellipsoids with 2D axial symmetry. Emission enhancement due to the increase of the temperature in the thermo-field regime compared to the pure field regime is detailed as a test case for isolated protrusions. Then, full 3D simulations are used to investigate the thermal coupling between multiple neighbouring protrusions via their outwards heat fluxes inside the cathode. The results show a higher current increase due to thermal coupling for dome-like protrusions with a low field enhancement factor. The current increases up to 13% of the total current for aspect ratios of 1, but this value is reached for an extreme applied electric field, hardly reachable in experiments. For sharper protrusions with higher field enhancement, the interaction range through the cathode being shorter, the thermal coupling is suppressed by electrostatic screening. Nevertheless, in arrangements of densely distributed field emitter, when the screening is compensated by a higher voltage, our model predicts the possibility of a moderate but noticeable thermal coupling even for sharp protrusions: a parametric study indicates up to 14.5% of the emitted current being caused by a thermal coupling through the cathode bulk, for protrusions with an aspect ratio of 10 under a fixed applied electric field of 0.4 GV m−1 in DC mode.
Selective electrooxidation of 2-propanol on Pt nanoparticles supported on Co3O4: an in-situ study on atomically defined model systems
Authors: Yang Tian , Kastenmeier Maximilian , Ronovský Michal , Fusek Lukáš , Skála Tomáš , Waidhas Fabian , Bertram Manon , Tsud Nataliya , Matvija Peter , Prince Kevin C , Matolín Vladimír , Liu Zhi , Johánek Viktor , Mysliveček Josef , Lykhach Yaroslava , Brummel Olaf , Libuda Jörg
Published: January 2021

2-Propanol and its dehydrogenated counterpart acetone can be used as a rechargeable electrofuel. The concept involves selective oxidation of 2-propanol to acetone in a fuel cell coupled with reverse catalytic hydrogenation of acetone to 2-propanol in a closed cycle. We studied electrocatalytic oxidation of 2-propanol on complex model Pt/Co3O4(111) electrocatalysts prepared in ultra-high vacuum and characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy. The electrocatalytic behavior of the model electrocatalysts has been investigated in alkaline media (pH 10, phosphate buffer) by means of electrochemical infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy and ex-situ emersion synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy as a function of Pt particle size and compared with the electrocatalytic behavior of Pt(111) and pristine Co3O4(111) electrodes under similar conditions. We found that the Co3O4(111) film is inactive towards electrochemical oxidation of 2-propanol under the electrochemical conditions (0.3–1.1 VRHE). The electrochemical oxidation of 2-propanol readily occurs on Pt(111) yielding acetone at an onset potential of 0.4 VRHE. The reaction pathway does not involve CO but yields strongly adsorbed acetone species leading to a partial poisoning of the surface sites. On model Pt/Co3O4(111) electrocatalysts, we observed distinct metal support interactions and particle size effects associated with the charge transfer at the metal/oxide interface. We found that ultra-small Pt particles (around 1 nm and below) consist of partially oxidized Pt
δ

+ species which show minor activity towards 2-propanol oxidation. In contrast, conventional Pt particles (particle size of a few nm) are mainly metallic and show high activity toward 2-propanol oxidation.
Direct band gap and strong Rashba effect in van der Waals heterostructures of InSe and Sb single layers
Authors: Fang Dangqi , Chen Siyu , Li Yaqi , Monserrat Bartomeu
Published: January 2021

Van der Waals heterostructures formed by stacking different types of 2D materials are attracting increasing attention due to new emergent physical properties such as interlayer excitons. Recently synthesized atomically thin indium selenide (InSe) and antimony (Sb) individually exhibit interesting electronic properties such as high electron mobility in the former and high hole mobility in the latter. In this work, we present a first-principles investigation on the stability and electronic properties of ultrathin bilayer heterostructures composed of InSe and Sb single layers. The calculated electronic band structures reveal a direct band gap semiconducting nature of the InSe/Sb heterostructures independent of stacking pattern. Taking spin–orbit coupling (SOC) into account, we find a large Rashba spin splitting at the bottom of conduction band, which originates from the atomic SOC with the symmetry breaking in the heterostructure. The strength of the Rashba spin splitting can be tuned by applying in-plane biaxial strain or an out-of-plane external electric field. The presence of large Rashba spin splitting together with a suitable band gap in InSe/Sb bilayer heterostructures make them promising candidates for spin field-effect transistor and optoelectronic device applications.
Anisotropic crack propagation and self-healing mechanism of freestanding black phosphorus nanosheets
Authors: Bui Thi-Xuyen , Fang Te-Hua , Lee Chun-I
Published: January 2021

In this study, an indentation simulation is employed to study the anisotropic crack propagation and re-forming mechanism of freestanding black phosphorus (FBP) nanosheets by molecular dynamics simulation. The results indicate that the size of the FBP nanosheet decides the crack direction as well as the von Mises stress concentration. It is found that crack directions are not influenced by temperature. With increasing specimen size, the crack propagation rate is nearly the same as at the first stage of crack formation, while in the later stage, cracking develops very quickly in larger specimens. Especially, small FBP nanosheets almost re-form in a short time at ambient temperature. However, after being destroyed, the larger specimen has no possibility of recovery. Besides, when increasing the number of layers of FBP, the energy stored by the top layer and the system undergoing deformation increases. In addition, the specimen with two fixed edges is less stable, leading to increased stress and decreased Young’s modulus compared with the specimen with four fixed edges.
Roll-to-roll nanoimprint lithography using a seamless cylindrical mold nanopatterned with a high-speed mastering process
Authors: Cates Nichole , Einck Vincent J , Micklow Lauren , Morère Jacobo , Okoroanyanwu Uzodinma , Watkins James J , Furst Stephen
Published: January 2021

The advanced optical and wetting properties of metamaterials, plasmonic structures, and nanostructured surfaces have been repeatedly demonstrated in lab-scale experiments. Extending these exciting discoveries to large-area surfaces can transform technologies ranging from solar energy and virtual reality to biosensors and anti-microbial surfaces. Although photolithography is ideal for nanopatterning of small, expensive items such as computer chips, nanopatterning of large-area surfaces is virtually impossible with traditional lithographic techniques due to their exceptionally slow patterning rates and high costs. This article presents a high-throughput process that achieves large-area nanopatterning by combining roll-to-roll (R2R) nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and nanocoining, a process that can seamlessly nanopattern around a cylinder hundreds of times faster than electron-beam lithography. Here, nanocoining is used to fabricate a cylindrical mold with nanofeatures spaced by 600 nm and microfeatures spaced by 2 μm. This cylindrical drum mold is then used on a R2R NIL setup to pattern over 60 feet of polymer film. Microscopy is used to compare the feature shapes throughout the process. This scalable process offers the potential to transfer exciting lab-scale demonstrations to industrial-scale manufacturing without the prohibitively high cost usually associated with the fabrication of a master mold.
Theory of circularly polarized harmonic generation using bi-colour lasers in underdense plasmas
Authors: Chitgar Z M , Adam R , Greb C , Lehrach A , Büscher M , Gibbon P
Published: January 2021

Circularly polarized (CP) extreme ultraviolet- and x-ray radiation is an essential tool for analyzing the magnetic properties of materials. Elliptically polarized high harmonic generation (HHG) has been demonstrated by focusing bi-chromatic (800 + 400 nm wavelengths), counter-rotating CP laser pulses into gas targets (Fleischer et al 2014 Nat. Photonics
8 543). More recent theoretical studies indicate that a bi-circular laser driver can also work in both under- and overdense plasmas with analogous selection rules to those in gases: for example, every third harmonic is suppressed and adjacent harmonics have opposite helicity for counter-polarized CP ω
0 and 2ω
0 pumps. In this work, an analytical theory of bi-circular HHG from underdense plasmas is formulated which provides quantitative predictions of harmonic efficiency scaling, selectivity and helicity for both co- and counter-polarized drivers of arbitrary frequency ratio. This is compared to a fully non-linear, one-dimensional fluid model and particle-in-cell simulations, showing good agreement with both.
Spatio-temporal evolutions of ion heat flux and radial electric field during internal transport barrier formation on JT-60U
Authors: Kin F , Itoh K , Yoshida M , Honda M , Kamada Y , Kamiya K , Narita E , Bando T
Published: January 2021

Spatio-temporal structures of ion heat flux and radial electric field are investigated on JT-60U to understand a mechanism of the internal transport barrier (ITB) formation. Contrary to the conventional argument that the ITB formation is due to the

E
×
B

flow shear suppressions on turbulence, we observe that the

E
×
B

shearing rate during the ITB formation is not enough for turbulence suppressions with

k

ρ
i

∼ 1. Another finding is that the ITB is formed simultaneously with abrupt decreases of ion heat flux in the global region (like the report in Neudatchine et al 1999 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
41 L39), and the gradient–flux relations are non-diffusively developed step by step. These observations suggest the importance of the change in the long-radial fluctuations, which is previously observed in JT-60U (Nazikian et al 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett.
94 135002). Therefore, the model of effects by non-uniformity of the radial electric field, under the condition where the scale separation is violated, is employed to explain such fluctuation quenching. Consistent results are obtained showing that the non-uniformity of the radial electric field effectively works on the fluctuations with long-radial wavelength and increases the temperature gradient. It seems natural that the suppression of the long-radial fluctuations drives the global transport improvement to form the ITB.
Effect of polarimetric nonregularity on the spin of three-dimensional polarization states
Authors: Gil José J , Friberg Ari T , Norrman Andreas , Setälä Tero
Published: January 2021

While the spin of two-dimensional polarization states admits a simple representation, its physical interpretation for three-dimensional (3D) mixed polarization states requires a more involved analysis. In this work, we address the spin structure of the electric field of a general 3D polarization state by taking advantage of the characteristic decomposition and the recently introduced notion of nonregularity associated with 3D states. We show that a nonregular polarization state necessarily has an additional spin component due to the state’s genuinely 3D nature, and both the orientation and magnitude of the spin are regulated by the degree of nonregularity. The results provide new physical insight into partially polarized evanescent and tightly focused light fields in which strong nonregular character has recently been demonstrated.
Resource conversion between operational coherence and multipartite entanglement in many-body systems
Authors: Ren Li-Hang , Gao Meng , Ren Jun , Wang Z D , Bai Yan-Kui
Published: January 2021

We establish a set of resource conversion relationships between quantum coherence and multipartite entanglement in many-body systems, where the operational measures of resource cost and distillation are focused. Under the multipartite incoherent operation, the initial coherence of single-party system bounds the maximal amounts of corresponding operational entanglement in an arbitrary bipartite partition as well as the genuine multipartite entanglement (GME) in many-body systems. Furthermore, the converted multipartite entanglement can be transferred to its subsystems and restored to coherence of a single party by means of local incoherent operations and classical communication, which constitutes a protocol of resource interconversion within the full incoherent operation scenario. As an example, we present a scheme for cyclic interconversion between coherence and GME in three-qubit systems without loss. Moreover, we analyze the property of bipartite and multipartite genuine multi-level entanglement by the initial coherence and investigate multipartite resource dynamics in the conversion.
Laser-induced thermal lens study of the role of morphology and hydroxyl group in the evolution of thermal diffusivity of copper oxide
Authors: Sebastian Riya , Swapna M S , Raj Vimal , Sankararaman S
Published: January 2021

The paper explores the evolution of thermal behavior of the material by studying the variations in thermal diffusivity using the single beam thermal lens (TL) technique. For this purpose, the decomposition of Cu(OH)2into CuO is studied in a time range up to 120 h, by subjecting the sample to morphological, structural, and spectroscopic characterizations. The time evolution of thermal diffusivity can be divided into three regions for demonstrating the dynamics of the reaction. When the reaction is complete, the thermal diffusivity is also found to be saturated. In addition to the morphological modifications, from rods to flakes, the variations in the amount of hydroxyl group are attributed to be responsible for the enhancement of base fluid’s thermal diffusivity by 165%. Thus the study unveils the role of hydroxyl groups in the thermal behavior of CuO.
A passive BCI for monitoring the intentionality of the gaze-based moving object selection
Authors: Zhao Darisy G , Vasilyev Anatoly N , Kozyrskiy Bogdan L , Melnichuk Eugeny V , Isachenko Andrey V , Velichkovsky Boris M , Shishkin Sergei L
Published: January 2021

Objective. The use of an electroencephalogram (EEG) anticipation-related component, the expectancy wave (E-wave), in brain–machine interaction was proposed more than 50 years ago. This possibility was not explored for decades, but recently it was shown that voluntary attempts to select items using eye fixations, but not spontaneous eye fixations, are accompanied by the E-wave. Thus, the use of the E-wave detection was proposed for the enhancement of gaze interaction technology, which has a strong need for a mean to decide if a gaze behavior is voluntary or not. Here, we attempted at estimating whether this approach can be used in the context of moving object selection through smooth pursuit eye movements. Approach. Eighteen participants selected, one by one, items which moved on a computer screen, by gazing at them. In separate runs, the participants performed tasks not related to voluntary selection but also provoking smooth pursuit. A low-cost consumer-grade eye tracker was used for item selection. Main results. A component resembling the E-wave was found in the averaged EEG segments time-locked to voluntary selection events of every participant. Linear discriminant analysis with shrinkage regularization classified the intentional and spontaneous smooth pursuit eye movements, using single-trial 300 ms long EEG segments, significantly above chance in eight participants. When the classifier output was averaged over ten subsequent data segments, median group ROC AUC of 0.75 was achieved. Significance. The results suggest the possible usefulness of the E-wave detection in the gaze-based selection of moving items, e.g. in video games. This technique might be more effective when trial data can be averaged, thus it could be considered for use in passive interfaces, for example, in estimating the degree of the user’s involvement during gaze-based interaction.
Multiple-isotope pellet cycles captured by turbulent transport modelling in the JET tokamak
Authors: Marin M. , Citrin J. , Garzotti L. , Valovic M. , Bourdelle C. , Camenen Y. , Casson F.J. , Ho A. , Koechl F. , Maslov M. , JET Contributors
Published: January 2021

For the first time the pellet cycle of a multiple-isotope plasma is successfully reproduced with reduced turbulent transport modelling, within an integrated simulation framework. Future nuclear fusion reactors are likely to be fuelled by cryogenic pellet injection, due to higher penetration and faster response times. Accurate pellet cycle modelling is crucial to assess fuelling efficiency and burn control. In recent Joint European Torus tokamak experiments, deuterium pellets with reactor-relevant deposition characteristics were injected into a pure hydrogen plasma. Measurements of the isotope ratio profile inferred a deuterium penetration time comparable to the energy confinement time. The modelling successfully reproduces the plasma thermodynamic profiles and the fast deuterium penetration timescale. The predictions of the reduced turbulence model QuaLiKiz in the presence of a negative density gradient following pellet deposition are compared with GENE linear and nonlinear higher fidelity modelling. The results are encouraging with regard to reactor fuelling capability and burn control.
Market basket analysis using apriori algorithm to find consumer patterns in buying goods through transaction data (case study of Mizan computer retail stores)
Authors: Qisman M , Rosadi R , Abdullah A S
Published: January 2021

Mizan Computer Shop is a shop that is engaged in the trading sector, especially in the field of selling computers and supporting accessories. Growing and increasing number of business actors in the computer sector, can makes the players challenged to be able to create unique differentiation and clear positioning. So, that consumers can differentiate from their competitors. Competitive and dynamic market conditions make every company should always observe competition in their business environment. Retail stores need to use all of available resources including data. Data processing is expected to be able to provide information that can be used to support marketing strategies. One of the data processing methods that are often used in marketing strategies is the use of data mining techniques i.e Market Basket Analysis using a priori algorithm. The application is designed using the waterfall method which starts from analyzing user needs, designing a process using UML which consists of: Use Case Diagrams, Activity Diagrams and Sequence Diagrams . This Market Basket Analysis application was built using the PHP programming language. From the results of the analysis in this research, it can be concluded that for the combination of 2 items with the highest confidence value 100% and the lift ratio value 3.39 i.e if a consumer buys a Laptop Charger, he will also buy a keyboard and for a combination of 3 items with the highest confidence value 100% and the lift ratio value 2.17 i.e if a consumer buys a Joystick and Laptop, he will also buy a mouse.
The construction of real Frobenius Lie algebras from non-commutative nilpotent Lie algebras of dimension
Authors: Kurniadi E , Carnia E , Supriatna A K
Published: January 2021

In this present paper, we study real Frobenius Lie algebras constructed from non-commutative nilpotent Lie algebras of dimension ≤ 4. The main purpose is to obtain Frobenius Lie algebras of dimension ≤ 6. Particularly, for a given non-commutative nilpotent Lie algebras N of dimension ≤ 4 we show that there exist commutative subalgebras of dimension ≤ 2 such that the semi-direct sums ɡ = N⊕T is Frobenius Lie algebras. Moreover, T is called a split torus which is a commutative subalgebra of derivation of N and it depends on the given N. To obtain this split torus, we apply Ayala’s formulas of a Lie algebra derivation by taking a diagonal matrix of a standard representation matrix of the Lie algebra derivation of N. The discussion of higher dimension of Frobenius Lie algebras obtained from non-commutative nilpotent Lie algebras is still an open problem.
Application of the Ordinary Kriging method for prediction of the positive spread of Covid-19 in West Java
Authors: Ruchjana B N , Falah A N , Abdullah A S
Published: January 2021

The Ordinary Kriging method is a method used to predict an observation at an unobserved location based on observed points that are spatially related. Corona Virus Disease 19 (Covid-19) is a contagious disease and viral pathogenic infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2). This virus spreads almost all over the world including Indonesia and it gives an influence between location. In this study, a case study was carried out with predictions on the positive distribution data of Covid-19 at 27 districts/cities in West Java. The process of calculating predictions of the positive distribution Covid-19 is started by the determination of the experimental semivariogram model. The Covid-19 data have an Exponential Semivariogram model which is used as an input of the Ordinary Kriging. Furthermore, using the R program for the Ordinary Kriging, we can predict the observation of positive Covid-19 at unobserved locations in West Java.
The behavior of solution function of the fractional differential equations using modified homotopy perturbation method
Authors: Rusyaman E , Parmikanti K , Chaerani D , Supriatna A K
Published: January 2021

The discourse regarding fractional calculus, in particular those related to fractional differential equation, is still continue to attract researcher attention. Previous studies have elaborated on the variation of fractional differential equation models. This study aims to uncover the problem of convergence of the solution function sequence related to the order of fractional differential equation. Firstly, this study presents how to find a solution for the model by using a Modified Homotopy Perturbation Method as the improvement of Homotopy Perturbation Method. Furthermore, the solution function with the sequence of fractional order is drawn by Maple. Using the geometrical analysis, the result of this study shows that if fractional order sequence is convergent to α, then sequence of its solution function will be convergent to a solution function of fractional differential equation with order α.
Analysis of problem-solving difficulties at limits of sequences
Authors: Isnani  , Waluya S B , Rochmad  , Dwiyanto  , Asih T S N
Published: January 2021

Every year, most mathematics education students have difficulty learning real analysis courses on the material of sequences and series, especially in the sub material of the limit of sequences. Difficulties in learning the concept of limits include difficulties in understanding the limit concept’s definition and visualization. The purpose of this article is to analyze the difficulties of mathematics education students of Pancasakti University in the Tegal academic year 2019/2020 in problem solving at limits of sequences and providing appropriate Scaffolding to overcome these difficulties. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The research subjects were selected using the purposing sample technique, selected two students with high, medium, and low abilities. Two students chose each capacity. Interview with research subjects to inform the results of the test using the aloud method. Students experience difficulty thinking when solving the limit of sequences problem due to the lack of initial analysis and student analogy skills. When the procedure is rechecked, students have difficulty thinking too. This is due to the lack of mathematical connection skills of students. To overcome these student difficulties, the lecturer must provide Scaffolding.
Determination distribution route of beverage products with the application of the vehicle routing problem model and sensitivity analysis
Authors: Auliani F , Hertini E , Nahar J
Published: January 2021

Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is the problem of determining the optimal route to distribute goods or products using vehicles to some customers. The goals are to minimize the cost and distance of distribution by observing some constraints or restrictions. The problem of determining the distribution route of beverage products in Serang City by a beverage distribution company can be solved by applying the VRP model by considering the vehicle capacity limit. The optimal solution of route determination models is obtained by using Branch and Bound method of the LINGO 18.0. Results showed that the optimal route of distribution with the implementation of the VRP model could minimize the total distribution costs incurred by the company compared to the existing distribution route used by the company. Sensitivity analysis results showed that changes in fuel costs resulted in optimal routes gained by the application of the VRP model could not be sustained, so a new decision was required by the company in determining the distribution route. The reduction in fuel costs resulted in a reduction in total distribution costs and increased fuel costs increased the total cost of distribution.
The odd harmonious labeling of matting graph
Authors: Mumtaz K , John P , Silaban D R
Published: January 2021

Let G(p, q) be a graph that consists of p vertices and q edges, where V is the set of vertices and E is the set of edges of G. A graph G(p, q) is odd harmonious if there exists an injective function f that labels the vertices of G by integer from 0 to 2q − 1 that induced a bijective function f
∗ defined by f
∗(uν) = f(u) + f(ν) such that the labels of edges are odd integer from 1 to 2q − 1. A graph that admits harmonious labeling is called a harmonious graph. A matting graph is a chain of C
4 −snake graph. A matting graph can be view as a variation of the grid graph. In this paper, we prove that the matting graph is an odd harmonious graph.
The Metric-Location-Domination Number of k-Paths
Authors: Zulfaneti  , Baskoro Edy Tri
Published: January 2021

LetGbe a connected graph with vertex setV(G) and edge setE(G). For ordered subsetW= {w1,w2…,wk} ofV(G) andv∈V(G), the representation ofvwith respect toWis thek-vectorr(v|W) = (d(v, w1),d(v, w2),…, d(v, wk)), whered(x, y) is the distance between verticesxandy. The setWis called a resolving set ofGif all vertices ofGhave distinct representations with respect toW. A subsetS⊆V(G) is called a dominating set ofGif every vertex ofG\Sis adjacent to some vertex ofS. The cardinality of a minimum dominating set is the domination numberγ(G) ofG. An orderedW⊆V(G) is called a metric-locating-dominating set ofGifWis a dominating as well as resolving set. The metric-location-domination number ofG, denoted byγM(G), is the cardinality of a minimum dominating resolving set. Ak-pathGis the graph with vertex setV(G) = {v1,v2, …,vn} and edge setE(G) = {vivj:|j −i| ≤ k}. In this paper, we determine the metric-location-domination number ofk-path, and in particular, we show that Ifn > k(2k+ 1) thenγM(G) =γ(G).