bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diep snydende vrae, met antwoorde gebore uit weerloosheid: Nav Jurie le Roux se 'spirituele empatie'
Authors: Veldsman Dani�l P.
Published: September 2013

Deep probing questions but answers conceived in vulnerability: On Jurie le Roux�s �spiritual empathy�. Taking the conversation between the Old Testament scholar Jurie le Roux and the dogmatician Johan Heyns as point of departure, it is argued that his well-founded criticism of Heyns has to be taken seriously, as well as his proposition in favour of spiritual empathy to enhance the understanding of historical texts. However, his recommendation for spiritual emphaty is subsequently constructively valued and criticised from a theological-experiential perspective. It is especially noted that, on the one hand, Le Roux�s reactionary historical point of view regarding, amongst others, the retrieval of the orginal intention of the author/text is convincing. On the other hand, it is argued that his perspective is predisposed toward an unproblematical self in the present. As a result, the act of historical interpretation is reduced to dependence on �the seams of the heart� in the individual quester. It is after all argued and substantiated from systematic-theological, postmodern, philosophical and theological-scientific perspectives that historicity does not consist solely of historical �seeing� in the sense of retaining the original intention of the author. Historical understanding also entails historical �hearing� (that is, a surplus of meaning) which broadens and enriches historical understanding.
Rut 4:18�22: �n Venster na Israel se verlede?
Authors: De Villiers Gerda
Published: September 2013

Ruth 4:18�22: A window to Israel�s past. The genealogy at the end of the Book of Ruth starts with Perez and ends with David, thereby covering Israel�s history since the time of the sojourn in Egypt to the Davidic monarchy. This article focuses on Ruth 4:18�22 and what its genealogy may reveal. After a brief review of different types of genealogies in the Hebrew Bible, the problematic dating of the Book of Ruth becomes secondary; however, a particular perspective will determine the rest of the interpretation of the genealogy. My point of view in this article is that the Book of Ruth dates back to the period of the Second Temple. I examine the following issues: the connection between Ruth 4:18�22 and 1 Chronicles 2:4�15, as David�s genealogy appears only in these two passages of the Hebrew Bible; the connection between the ten-member genealogy in the Book of Ruth and similar ten-member genealogies of Genesis; and whether Ruth 4:18�22 is a later addendum to the text or part of the original. The conclusion to these questions is that the genealogy of the Book of Ruth is similar to those in Genesis, and that it was part of the original book. The median of the genealogy of the Book of Ruth takes place in the desert with Nahshon as the representative of that era. Nahshon�s sister happens to be married to Aaron whose priesthood is elevated above the rest of the tribe of Levi, and to whose descendants eternal priesthood is promised. Phinehas, his grandson, appears to be extremely intolerant of mixed marriages � an attitude which is later sustained byhis descendant, Ezra, the scribe. The article also touches briefly upon the whole problem of mixed marriages and a sense of identity during the Second Temple period. The conclusion is that the author of the Book of Ruth was written by members of the scholarly circles of this period in opposition to exclusivist circles as to remind the community of the important role that women � especially foreign women � played in the formative history of the nation.
Moses� praise and blame � Israel�s honour and shame: Rhetorical devices in the ethical foundations of Deuteronomy
Authors: Markl Dominik
Published: September 2013

This article analyses the rhetorical devices of praise and blame employed in Moses� speeches in the book of Deuteronomy. Praise and blame are mainly used in the framework of the central Law Code, Deuteronomy 1�11, 26�34. Some of the most prominent occurrences of Moses� rhetoric of praise and blame form literary inclusions, in parallel (Dt 4:7; 33; 29) and contrasting (Dt 4:6; 29:24; 32:6) ways. Both praise and blame are used to inspire faithfulness to God and obedience to the Torah. In this way, Moses forms Israel�s ethical values as the foundation of the people�s legal order.
Effect of an Improved Yasutomi Pressure-Viscosity Relationship on the Elastohydrodynamic Line Contact Problem
Authors: Petrone Vincenzo , Senatore Adolfo , D'Agostino Vincenzo
Published: September 2013

This paper presents the application of an improved Yasutomi correlation for lubricant viscosity at high pressure in a Newtonian elastohydrodynamic line contact simulation. According to recent experimental studies using high pressure viscometers, the Yasutomi pressure-viscosity relationship derived from the free-volume model closely represents the real lubricant piezoviscous behavior for the high pressure typically encountered in elastohydrodynamic applications. However, the original Yasutomi correlation suffers from the appearance of a zero in the function describing the pressure dependence of the relative free volume thermal expansivity. In order to overcome this drawback, a new formulation of the Yasutomi relation was recently developed by Bair et al. This new function removes these concerns and provides improved precision without the need for an equation of state. Numerical simulations have been performed using the improved Yasutomi model to predict the lubricant pressure-viscosity, the pressure distribution, and the film thickness behavior in a Newtonian EHL simulation of a squalane-lubricated line contact. This work also shows that this model yields a higher viscosity at the low-pressure area, which results in a larger central film thickness compared with the previous piezoviscous relations.
Oncologic outcomes following radical prostatectomy in the active surveillance era
Authors: Louis Alyssa S. , Kalnin Robin , Maganti Manjula , Pintilie Melania , Matthew Andrew G , Finelli Antonio , Zlotta Alexandre R Zlotta R , Fleshner Neil , Kulkarni Girish , Hamilton Robert , Jewett Michael , Robinette Michael , Alibhaid Shabbir MH , Trachtenberg John
Published: September 2013

Objective: In this study, we examine the oncologic outcomes of men with low, intermediate and high preoperative risk for prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy prior to and during the active surveillance era.Methods: We analyzed records from patients who underwent radical prostatectomy at our Canadian tertiary care facility from 2000 to 2012. Patients were stratified by D’Amico preoperative risk category and by year of treatment. Biochemical recurrence-free survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results: We included 2643 consecutive patients in our analysis. The proportion of men with low-risk disease undergoing radical prostatectomy decreased from 2007 onwards coincident with the implementation of an active surveillance strategy in our institution. Men with low-risk and high-risk disease showed significantly worse biochemical outcomes from 2007 to 2012 compared to 2000 to 2006 (p < 0.05), while men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer showed no significant differences (p = 0.27). Within the low-risk cohort, the later treatment group displayed significantly lower age, pre-treatment prostate specific antigen and tumour volume and significantly higher testosterone and body mass index.Conclusions: The time period corresponding with the implementation of active surveillance at our institution corresponded with significant deterioration of biochemical outcomes in the low- and high-risk groups. This suggests that the men with most favourable disease deferred treatment, whereas men with worse preoperative disease characteristics were increasingly treated with radical prostatectomy in the past 6 years perhaps to their benefit.
An adaptive regulation method for a class of uncertain time‐delay systems
Authors: Moezzi Kaveh , Aghdam Amir G.
Published: September 2013

In this paper, a new adaptive robust stabilization scheme is proposed for uncertain neutral time‐delay systems. No upper bounds on the uncertainties are assumed to be available. An update law is first used to find estimates of these upper bounds. A state‐feedback controller is then designed, which is shown to stabilize the underlying system under some mild conditions. The asymptotic stability of the state trajectories is proved using the Lyapunov–Krasovskii approach. An example is provided, which demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed adaptive control scheme. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantioselective Organocatalytic Addition of Nitroalkanes to Oxindolylideneindolenines for the Construction of Chiral 3,3‐Disubstituted Oxindoles
Authors: Huang Jian‐Zhou , Wu Xiang , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: September 2013

An enantioselective organocatalytic addition of nitroalkanes to oxindolylideneindolenines in the presence of bifunctional organocatalysts has been established to provide an efficient entry to 3,3‐disubstituted oxindole derivatives in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities. The transformation has been applied to the preparation of the key intermediate for a formal total synthesis of (+)‐gliocladin C.

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Cytomegalovirus is a potential risk factor for late‐onset hemorrhagic cystitis following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Han Ting‐Ting , Xu Lan‐Ping , Liu Dai‐Hong , Liu Kai‐Yan , Fu Hai‐Xia , Zhao Xiang‐Yu , Zhao Xiao‐Su , Huang Xiao‐Jun
Published: September 2013

Late‐onset hemorrhagic cystitis (LOHC) is a common complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) and is primarily associated with viral infection. We prospectively quantified cytomegalovirus (CMV), BK virus (BKV), and adenovirus in urine and plasma using Q‐RT‐PCR in 50 consecutive patients to define the relationship between virus and LOHC. Of the 50 patients, 21 developed LOHC at a median of 29 days (range 4–64 days), with a cumulative incidence of 42% (±7.1%). The cumulative incidence of LOHC on day 100 in patients with and without CMV viremia (prior to or at the onset of LOHC) were 56.3% (±8.9%) and 16.7% (±9.1%) (P = 0.018), respectively, and it was 59.3% (±9.8%) and 21.7% (±8.8%) in patients with and without CMV viruria (prior to or at the onset of LOHC) (P = 0.021), respectively. The cumulative incidence of LOHC was also higher in patients with a plasma BKV load increased ≥3 log10 or with a urine BKV load increased ≥4 log10 than those without the increase (P < 0.001). Only one patient with LOHC was tested positive for ADV. Both the univariate and multivariate analyses showed that CMV viremia (HR = 3.461, 95% CI: 1.005–11.922, P = 0.049) and a plasma BKV load that was increased ≥3 log10 (HR = 10.705, 95%CI: 2.469–46.420, P = 0.002) were independent risk factors for the development of LOHC. We conclude that both CMV viremia and an increase of plasma BKV are independent risk factors for LOHC. And the role of CMV viremia was firstly demonstrated. Am. J. Hematol. 89:55–61, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of freely accessible computerized test systems on the spontaneous behaviors and stress level of Guinea baboons (Papio papio)
Authors: Fagot Joël , Gullstrand Julie , Kemp Caralyn , Defilles Céline , Mekaouche Mourad
Published: September 2013

Fagot and Paleressompoulle [Fagot and Paleressompoulle (2009) Behav Res Methods 41: 396–404] described a new automated learning device for monkeys (ALDM) to test the cognitive functions of nonhuman primates within their social groups. However, the impact of the ALDM procedure on animal well‐being needs to be investigated. The present study assessed the consequences of ALDM testing on the behavioral repertoire of Guinea baboons (Papio papio) and their stress levels as inferred from measurements of saliva cortisol. Accessibility to ALDM test computers reduced the number of resting periods as well as the number of stereotypies. Lower cortisol levels were also found during ALDM testing. These findings and others demonstrate that ALDM testing has a positive impact on animal well‐being and can be considered as a means for behavioral enrichment in captive primates. Am. J. Primatol. 76:56–64, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid cloning and comparative sequence analysis of full‐length cDNA of Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) resistin
Authors: Lu Shuai‐Yao , He Zhan‐Long , Sun Ting‐Ting , Li Hong‐Jun , Chen Pei‐Fu
Published: September 2013

Resistin protein is thought to link insulin resistance in murine models of obesity and type‐2 diabetes, but the role of resistin in human studies of inflammatory metabolic disorders have generated conflicting data. Here, we describe the structure of the resistin gene using adipose tissue from non‐human primates (NHPs), which have been used extensively to model a host of human diseases. Full‐length cDNA from rhesus macaque resistin obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) is comprised of 526 nucleotides covering an open‐reading frame (ORF) that encodes a 108‐amino‐acid protein that is 92% homologous with the human counterpart but only 60% homologous with the murine counterpart. Using a modified polymerase chain reaction technique, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms and a 78‐bp deletion within resistin cDNA of nine rhesus macaques. Comparisons of the full‐length cDNA sequence and an amplified 569‐bp genomic DNA sequence revealed an error in published predictions arising from genomic studies about the gene's exon 3 region. Our data show, for the first time, the full‐length macaque resistin cDNA sequence (GenBank: JF740676.1). These findings will illuminate future studies into the role of resistin in NHP models of inflammatory metabolic diseases. Am. J. Primatol. 76:65–71, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence of male‐biased dispersal in the endangered Sichuan snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithexus roxellana)
Authors: Chang Zongfei , Yang Banghe , Vigilant Linda , Liu Zhijin , Ren Baoping , Yang Jingyuan , Xiang Zuofu , Garber Paul A. , Li Ming
Published: September 2013

Although sex‐biased dispersal has profound effects on the viability of small and isolated populations resulting from habitat change and anthropogenic disturbance, the direction and strength of sex‐biased dispersal in the endangered Sichuan snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithexus roxellana) remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated dispersal patterns of R. roxellana using 15 polymorphic microsatellite loci. Using noninvasive methods we obtained 337 fecal samples from individuals residing in four multilevel troops that inhabit the Shennongjia Nature Reserve (SNR). Our study site contains an isolated population of approximately 1,000 Sichuan snub‐nosed monkeys located in the easternmost distribution of the species' range. Our results indicated that the mean coefficient of relatedness among troop members was low (mean relatedness ± SE = 0.038 ± 0.025). However, the mean relatedness of monkeys residing in the same troop was significantly higher than the mean relatedness of monkeys belonging to different troops, suggesting that some members of the same troop were closely relatived. Sex‐biased dispersal tests revealed that dispersal in R. roxellana was male‐biased. Moreover, analysis of isolation‐by‐distance indicated that the correlation between pairwise genetic distance and geographical distance was positive for females, while it was negative for males. These data suggest that males tended to disperse further than females, although these values were not statistically significant. Considering previous field data collected on Sichuan snub‐nosed monkeys from other sites, we suggest that mating competition among males and female mate choice represent the major causes of male‐biased dispersal in R. roxellana. Am. J. Primatol. 76:72–83, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation and properties of water‐soluble‐type sizing agents for carbon fibers
Authors: Ge Heyi , Li Shun , Liu Huashi , Wang Dongzhi , Chen Juan
Published: September 2013

A water‐soluble epoxy resin was synthesized by the reaction between novolac epoxy resin (F‐51) and diethanolamine. Then, the modified F‐51 was mixed with poly(alkylene glycol allyl glycidyl ether) as a film former of a sizing agent. A series of water‐soluble sizing agents for carbon fiber (CF) were prepared. The modified F‐51 was analyzed by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy. The surface morphology of the CF was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The effects of the sizing agent on the handling characteristics were investigated by abrasion resistance, fluffs, and breakage and stiffness tests. The results show that the abrasion resistance of the sized CF increased by 114.5% and reached 2344 times and the mass of fabric hairiness decreased to 3.2 mg. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) test indicated that the interfacial adhesion of the composite could be greatly improved. The ILSS of the sized CF composite could reach a maximum value of 42.40 MPa. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39843.
Preparation of silver nanoparticle immobilized fibrillar silicate by poly(dopamine) surface functionalization
Authors: Fu Ye , Li Guofeng , Tian Ming , Wang Xing , Zhang Liqun , Wang Wencai
Published: September 2013

Surface modified fibrillar silicate (FS) was prepared by dopamine oxide polymerization and self‐assembly of poly(dopamine) (PDA) on the FS surface, presynthesized silver nanoparticles subsequently adhered to the PDA functionalized FS (FS‐PDA) surface by simply dipping FS‐PDA in silver nanoparticles solution, owing to the metal‐binding ability of catechol and nitrogen‐containing groups on the PDA coating on the surface of FS. The chemical composition of the modified FS surface was determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Surface morphological changes of the FS nanofibers were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that the in situ spontaneous oxidative polymerization of dopamine on the FS surface and the immobilization of Ag nanoparticles on the surface of FS were successful. The FS‐PDA/Ag demonstrated a significant enhancement in antibacterial properties compared to the pristine FS by using Escherichia coli as model strain. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39859.
Prehistoric mining at Olympic Dam in arid South Australia
Authors: Sullivan Marjorie , Hughes Philip , Way Amy Mosig , Spooner Nigel
Published: September 2013

A site in the Olympic Dam area, recorded during archaeological surveying as a silcrete quarry, was investigated. Hand‐excavated squares and subsequent machine‐excavated trenches revealed an ancient “mine” rather than a simple surface quarry. Blocks of high‐quality silcrete were levered from below the ground surface and many were knapped in the immediate area. Rubble in the pit backfills included large numbers of flakes. Single‐grain optical dates from sediments in the backfilled pits demonstrate that the silcrete “mining” occurred during a short period in the late Holocene.
Domain Knowledge and Hindsight Bias among Poker Players
Authors: Calvillo Dustin P. , Rutchick Abraham M.
Published: September 2013

Hindsight bias occurs when individuals believe that events were more predictable after they have occurred than they actually were before they occurred. Although hindsight bias is a well‐studied phenomenon, few studies have examined the role of expertise in this bias. Two experiments investigated the relation between the magnitude of hindsight bias and self‐reported poker expertise (Experiment 1) and assessed poker knowledge (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, self‐rated poker expertise was negatively correlated with hindsight bias. Experiment 2 employed memory and hypothetical hindsight conditions and found that poker knowledge was negatively correlated with hindsight bias in the memory condition, but unrelated to hindsight bias in the hypothetical condition. These results help elucidate the role of expertise in hindsight bias and provide additional support for the separate components view, which claims there are different forms of hindsight bias that are differentially affected by certain factors. Domain knowledge appears to be one of such factors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The metabolic function of hepatocytes differentiated from human mesenchymal stem cells is inversely related to cellular glutathione levels
Authors: Allameh Abdolamir , Ahmadi‐Ashtiani Hamidreza , Emami Aleagha Mohammad Sajad , Rastegar Hossein
Published: September 2013

Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to hepatocytes‐like cells is associated with alteration in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense system. Here, we report the role of glutathione in the functions of hepatocytes derived from MSCs. The stem cells undergoing differentiation were treated with glutathione modifiers [buthionine sulfoxide (BSO) or N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC)], and hepatocytes were collected on day 14 of differentiation and analysed for their biological and metabolic functions. Differentiation process has been performed in presence of glutathione modifiers viz. BSO and NAC. Depending on the level of cellular glutathione, the proliferation rate of MSCs was affected. Glutathione depletion by BSO resulted in increased levels of albumin and ROS in hepatocytes. Whereas, albumin and ROS were inhibited in cells treated with glutathione precursor (NAC). The metabolic function of hepatocytes was elevated in BSO‐treated cells as judged by increased urea, transferrin, albumin, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase secretions in the media. However, the metabolic activity of the hepatocytes was inhibited when glutathione was increased by NAC. We conclude that the efficiency of metabolic function of hepatocytes is inversely related to the levels of cellular glutathione. These data may suggest a novel role of glutathione in regulation of metabolic function of hepatocytes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Mixed‐Valence Lead(II) Manganese(II/III) Phosphate(V): PbMn2IIMnIII(PO4)3.
Authors: Alhakmi Ghaleb , Assani Abderrazzak , Saadi Mohamed , El Ammari Lahcen
Published: September 2013

PbMn2IIMnIII(PO4)3 is prepared by hydrothermal reaction of Pb, Mn, and PO43‐ precursors in a molar ratio of 1:3:3, resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Puzzling Polymorphism of Layered Ba(CoPO4)2.
Authors: David Renald , Kabbour Houria , Pautrat Alain , Mentre Olivier
Published: September 2013

Room temperature stable α‐Ba(CoPO4)2 is synthesized from a stoichiometric mixture of BaCO3, Co3O4, and (NH4)2HPO4 (900 °C, 72 h) and characterized by single crystal XRD and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: New Self‐Activated Eulytite‐Type Compounds of M7Zr(PO4)6 (M: Ca, Sr, Ba).
Authors: Qin Lin , Wei Donglei , Huang Yanlin , Kim Sun Il , Yu Young Moon , Seo Hyo Jin
Published: September 2013

M7Zr(PO4)6 (M: Ca (I), Sr (II), Ba (III)) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of MCO3, ZrO2, and NH4H2PO4 (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Fergusonite‐Type CeNbO4+δ: Single Crystal Growth, Symmetry Revision and Conductivity.
Authors: Bayliss Ryan D. , Pramana Stevin S. , An Tao , Wei Fengxia , Kloc Christian L. , White Andrew J. P. , Skinner Stephen J. , White Timothy J. , Baikie Tom
Published: September 2013

Crystals of CeNbO4 are prepared in a floating zone mirror furnace under air or Ar atmospheres using stoichiometric amounts of CeO2 and NbO2 (calcined at 1000 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: New Polar Intermetallic Phases RE2Zn5Tt (RE: La—Nd; Tt: Sn and Pb): Synthesis, Structure, Chemical Bonding, and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Suen Nian‐Tzu , Bobev Svilen
Published: September 2013

Almost phase‐pure title compounds are obtained from stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (pressed pellets in evacuated silica tubes; 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Dioxide as a Reversible Amine‐Protecting Agent in Selective Michael Additions and Acylations.
Authors: Peeters Annelies , Ameloot Rob , De Vos Dirk E.
Published: September 2013

The aza‐Michael addition of amines to methyl acrylate under CO2 atmosphere proceeds selectively to afford adducts (III), (V), and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Diels—Alder Reactions of β‐Acylacrylic Acids.
Authors: Miles William H. , Cohen Evan M. , Naimoli Barbara J.
Published: September 2013

Lewis acid‐mediated Diels—Alder reactions of β‐acylacrylic acids with dienes affords the expected cycloadducts in good yields and good to excellent regio‐ and/or stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Platinum‐Initiated Cation‐Olefin Reactions with Alkene Terminating Groups.
Authors: Sokol Joseph G. , Cochrane Nikki A. , Becker Jennifer J. , Gagne Michel R.
Published: September 2013

The oxidative cascade cyclization of several poly‐alkene substrates using phosphine‐Pt(II)‐catalysts is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fully Substituted Dispirocyclohexanes by Organocatalytic [2 + 2 + 2] Annulation Strategy Between 2‐Arylideneindane‐1,3‐diones and Aldehydes.
Authors: Kuan Hsuan‐Hao , Chien Chung‐Han , Chen Kwunmin
Published: September 2013

Generally a diastereoselectivity <19:1 is achieved in these reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Perfluoro(2,3‐epoxy‐2‐methylpentane) with o‐Phenylenediamine and Ethylenediamine.
Authors: Filyakova T. I. , Zapevalov A. Ya. , Kodess M. I. , Slepukhin P. A. , Saloutin V. I.
Published: September 2013

The title reaction with o‐phenylenediamine (II) is highly dependent on the solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation of Thioamides.
Authors: Yu Hailei , Liu Xuliang , Ding Lei , Yang Qin , Rong Bin , Gao Ang , Zhao Baoguo , Yang Haifeng
Published: September 2013

The process is successful with various aryl bromides and phenyl iodide (IIa) and affords functionalized thioamide structures with moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Benzenes via Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Benzannulation of Cyclobutenols with Alkynes.
Authors: Matsuda Takanori , Miura Norio
Published: September 2013

1,2,3,5‐Tetrasubstituted benzenes are synthesized by a formal [4 + 2] benzannulation between 1,3‐disubstituted cyclobutenols and internal alkynes using rhodium(I) complexes as catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regioselective Ring‐Opening Coupling of Diarylmethylenecyclopropa[b]naphthalenes with Grignard Reagents
Authors: Cao Jian , Huang Xian , Wu Luling
Published: September 2013

furnishing substituted β‐vinylic naphthalenes in moderate to good yields under mild conditions
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Ethyl 1,3‐Disubstituted‐1,6‐dihydropyrrolo[2,3‐c]pyrazole‐5‐carboxylates.
Authors: Gu Lijun , Li Xiangguang
Published: September 2013

Optimum reaction conditions are examined for the synthesis of the title compounds (III) from substituted pyrazoles of type (I) and ethyl isocyanoacetate (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Catalyzed Enantioselective Intermolecular [3 + 2] Dipolar Cycloaddition of N‐Allenyl Amides with Nitrones.
Authors: Li Guo‐Hua , Zhou Wen , Li Xiao‐Xiao , Bi Qing‐Wei , Wang Zhen , Zhao Zhi‐Gang , Hu Wen‐Xiang , Chen Zili
Published: September 2013

A novel and practical protocol for the Au‐catalyzed enantioselective [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition of N‐allenyl amides with nitrones using modified BINOL‐derived chiral phosphoramidate as ligands is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Efficient Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Some New Triazol‐3‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Mentese Emre , Oezil Musa , Karaoglu Senguel Alpay , Kahveci Bahittin
Published: September 2013

Several title compounds of type (III), (V), and (VII) are prepared under microwaves irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Furoxans from Styrenes under Basic or Neutral Conditions.
Authors: Matsubara Ryosuke , Saeki Yuta , Li Jianhua , Eda Kazuo
Published: September 2013

The optimized conditions allow the synthesis of various furoxans with good to excellent regioselectivity and acid‐sensitive functional groups are tolerated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6‐Acyl‐5,8‐quinolinediols by Photo‐Friedel—Crafts Acylation Using Sunlight.
Authors: De Leon Fernando , Kalagara Sudhakar , Navarro Ashley A. , Mito Shizue
Published: September 2013

The reaction of quinoline‐5,8‐dione with aldehydes proceeds with high regioselectivity to give 6‐acylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Traceless Synthetic Approach Towards Oxaza‐dicyclopenta[a,h]naphthalenes under Solvent‐Free Condition: A Basic Alumina Supported Green Protocol.
Authors: Paira Rupankar , Mondal Shyamal , Chowdhury Arpan , Banerjee Maitreyee , Maity Arindam , Hazra Abhijit , Mondal Nirup B.
Published: September 2013

The preparation of the target system (V), which is required for DNA studies, involves initial deprotonation of substrates (III) by basic alumina, trapping of the resulting 1,3‐dipole with acetylenic esters and subsequent aromatization.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetic Zn1‐xCoxO Nanowires
Authors: Ou Yi‐Ching , Wu Zhong‐Yi , Chen Fu‐Rong , Kai Ji‐Jung , Jian Wen‐Bin
Published: September 2013

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Uses of Ammonia in Transition‐Metal Catalysis
Authors: Kim Jinho , Kim Hyun Jin , Chang Sukbok
Published: September 2013

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries of Macrocyclic Imines and Their Applications
Authors: Fischmann Svenja , Luening Ulrich
Published: September 2013

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Immobilization of Hydroxynitrile Lyases
Authors: Hanefeld Ulf
Published: September 2013

Review: 105 refs.
Development and in vitro Evaluation of Antigen‐Loaded Poly(amidoamine) Nanoparticles for Respiratory Epithelium Applications
Authors: Coué Grégory , Hermanns Iris , Unger Ronald E. , Kirkpatrick C. James , Engbersen Johan F. J.
Published: September 2013

A poly(amidoamine) with disulfide linkages in the main chain and 4‐hydroxybutyl and ω‐carboxy‐PEG groups (9:1 ratio) as side chains was prepared by Michael addition polymerization of cystamine bisacrylamide with 4‐hydroxybutylamine and ω‐carboxy‐PEG‐amine. To develop therapeutic protein formulations for improved delivery of antigen via the intranasal route, nanoparticles were prepared from this polymer by self‐assembly with p24 or ovalbumin as the model proteins and CpG as the adjuvant. The nanoparticles incorporated the antigens and adjuvant from the feed solution with high efficiency (∼90 %) and have sizes of 112 and 169 nm, respectively, with low positive surface charge (∼+2 mV). Formulations of the nanoparticles were shown to be nontoxic and stable for at least 10 days at room temperature. Their capacity to pass through epithelial and endothelial cell layers was evaluated in vitro by using a respiratory mucosa‐like barrier model in which monolayers of NCI H441 respiratory epithelial cells and ISO‐HAS‐1 endothelial cells were co‐cultured on both sides of a transwell filter membrane. It was shown that p24 incorporated in the nanoparticles was transported with >140 % greater efficiency through the two contact‐inhibited layers than p24 in its free form, whereas incorporation of ovalbumin in the nanoparticles leads to a 40 % decrease in transport efficiency relative to the free antigen.
A multiscale SPH particle model of the near‐wall dynamics of leukocytes in flow
Authors: Gholami Babak , Comerford Andrew , Ellero Marco
Published: September 2013

A novel multiscale Lagrangian particle solver based on SPH is developed with the intended application of leukocyte transport in large arteries. In such arteries, the transport of leukocytes and red blood cells can be divided into two distinct regions: the bulk flow and the near‐wall region. In the bulk flow, the transport can be modeled on a continuum basis as the transport of passive scalar concentrations. Whereas in the near‐wall region, specific particle tracking of the leukocytes is required and lubrication forces need to be separately taken into account. Because of large separation of spatio‐temporal scales involved in the problem, simulations of red blood cells and leukocytes are handled separately. In order to take the exchange of leukocytes between the bulk fluid and the near‐wall region into account, solutions are communicated through coupling of conserved quantities at the interface between these regions. Because the particle tracking is limited to those leukocytes lying in the near‐wall region only, our approach brings considerable speedup to the simulation of leukocyte circulation in a test geometry of a backward‐facing step, which encompasses many flow features observed in vivo. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
T helper cells plasticity in inflammation
Authors: Cosmi Lorenzo , Maggi Laura , Santarlasci Veronica , Liotta Francesco , Annunziato Francesco
Published: September 2013

Abstracts

CD4+ T cells can be subdivided from a functional point of view into two main subsets: effector cells, which provide protection against exogenous offending agents, and regulatory T (Treg) cells whose function is to avoid autoimmune reactions and to stop the effector response against exogenous antigens, when the response itself becomes dangerous for the host. Human effector CD4+ T lymphocytes can be additionally classified into lineages based mainly on their immunological functions that are supported by distinct profile of cytokine, transcription factor, and homing receptors expression. In the last years, beyond the well known populations of human T helper (Th) lymphocytes, Th1 and Th2 cells, other populations have been discovered and phenotypically characterized. These include the Th17 subset, which is certainly the most intensively studied, but also Th22, Th9, and T follicular helper (Tfh) lymphocytes. In addition to their protective functions, these T helper populations are also involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory immune‐mediated disorders. Th1 and Th17 cells are involved in the pathogenesis of organ‐specific autoimmune diseases and other chronic inflammatory disorders, whereas allergen‐specific Th2 lymphocytes play a crucial role in allergy. Although classically viewed as distinct lineages, recent evidence indicate that CD4+ T cells, particularly the Th17 subset, are more plastic than previously thought. It is not fully understood how often such plasticity occurs in the course of physiologic responses to pathogens and what its importance is in protective immunity, but in inflammatory conditions Th17 lymphocytes that have shifted towards a Th1 or Th2 phenotype, acquiring the ability to produce IFN‐γ or IL‐4, and seem to be particularly aggressive and more pathogenic than the unshifted cells. In this context, the possibility to interfere with this modulation of phenotype can be considered a possible target for developing novel therapeutic strategies in the above mentioned diseases. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Indirect effects of domestic and wild herbivores on butterflies in an African savanna
Authors: Wilkerson Marit L. , Roche Leslie M. , Young Truman P.
Published: September 2013

Indirect interactions driven by livestock and wild herbivores are increasingly recognized as important aspects of community dynamics in savannas and rangelands. Large ungulate herbivores can both directly and indirectly impact the reproductive structures of plants, which in turn can affect the pollinators of those plants. We examined how wild herbivores and cattle each indirectly affect the abundance of a common pollinator butterfly taxon, Colotis spp., at a set of long‐term, large herbivore exclosure plots in a semiarid savanna in central Kenya. We also examined effects of herbivore exclusion on the main food plant of Colotis spp., which was also the most common flowering species in our plots: the shrub Cadaba farinosa. The study was conducted in four types of experimental plots: cattle‐only, wildlife‐only, cattle and wildlife (all large herbivores), and no large herbivores. Across all plots, Colotis spp. abundances were positively correlated with both Cadaba flower numbers (adult food resources) and total Cadaba canopy area (larval food resources). Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that floral resources drove the abundance of Colotis butterflies. Excluding browsing wildlife increased the abundances of both Cadaba flowers and Colotis butterflies. However, flower numbers and Colotis spp. abundances were greater in plots with cattle herbivory than in plots that excluded all large herbivores. Our results suggest that wild browsing herbivores can suppress pollinator species whereas well‐managed cattle use may benefit important pollinators and the plants that depend on them. This study documents a novel set of ecological interactions that demonstrate how both conservation and livelihood goals can be met in a working landscape with abundant wildlife and livestock.
Caspase‐11: The driving factor for noncanonical inflammasomes
Authors: Viganò Elena , Mortellaro Alessandra
Published: September 2013

Inflammasomes are large multiprotein platforms that mediate the processing of caspase‐1, which in turn promotes the maturation and release of IL‐1β and IL‐18 in response to microbial and danger signals. While the canonical pathway of inflammasome activation has been known for some time, a novel mechanism of noncanonical inflammasome activation mediated by caspase‐11 was more recently identified. This pathway engages caspase‐11 to trigger both caspase‐1‐dependent and ‐independent production of the inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐18, and IL‐1α, as well as to promote pyroptosis, a form of genetically programmed cell death that is associated with the release of such cytokines. In this review, we gather together studies on both the mechanisms and implications of caspase‐11‐mediated noncanonical inflammasome activation, and discuss the emerging importance of this pathway in regulating host defense against intracellular bacterial pathogens.
Ten Session Body Image Therapy: Efficacy of a Manualised Body Image Therapy
Authors: Morgan John F. , Lazarova Stanimara , Schelhase Monique , Saeidi Saeideh
Published: September 2013

Objective

To determine the efficacy of 10 session body image therapy (BAT‐10) in the treatment of anorexia nervosa with adherence to the methodological guidance for complex interventions.

Method

Fifty‐five adult inpatients with anorexia nervosa at two national centres received the group‐based manualised body‐image therapy (BAT‐10). BAT‐10 was refined, developed and manualised over two decades, by using the mindfulness‐based cognitive behavioural therapy, including mirror exposure. Outcomes were evaluated using Body Checking Questionnaire, Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire, Physical Appearance State and Trait Anxiety Scale, Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire and Quality of Life in Eating Disorders. Participant experience was evaluated qualitatively by an interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results

Ten session body image therapy achieved highly statistically significant changes in body checking, body avoidance and anxiety, as well as shape‐concern and weight‐concern, without the between‐therapist effects. The quality of life improved globally but not in relation to the psychological subcategory.

Discussion

Ten session body image therapy delivers behavioural and cognitive improvements in body image in the short‐term, suggesting an effective, feasible and acceptable manual‐based therapy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Understanding bioavailability and toxicity of sediment-associated contaminants by combining passive sampling with in vitro bioassays in an urban river catchment
Authors: Li Juan-Ying , Tang Janet Yat Man , Jin Ling , Escher Beate I.
Published: September 2013

Bioavailable and bioaccessible fractions of sediment-associated contaminants are considered as better dose metrics for sediment-quality assessment than total concentrations. The authors applied exhaustive solvent extraction and nondepletive equilibrium sampling techniques to sediment samples collected along the Brisbane River in South East Queensland, Australia, which range from pristine environments to urban and industry-impacted areas. The wide range of chemicals expected prevents comprehensive chemical analysis, but a battery of cell-based bioassays sheds light on mixture effects of chemicals in relation to various modes of toxic action. Toxic effects were expressed as bioanalytical equivalent concentrations (BEQs) normalized to the organic carbon content of each sediment sample. Bioanalytical equivalent concentrations from exhaustive extraction agreed fairly well with values estimated from polydimethylsiloxane passive sampling extracts via the constant organic carbon to polydimethylsiloxane partition coefficient. Agreement was best for bioassays indicative of photosynthesis inhibition and oxidative stress response and discrepancy within a factor of 3 for the induction of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. For nonspecific cytotoxicity, BEQ from exhaustive extraction were 1 order of magnitude higher than values from equilibrium sampling, possibly because of coextraction of bioactive natural organic matter that led to an overestimation of toxicity in the exhaustive extracts, which suggests that passive sampling is better suited in combination with bioanalytical assessment than exhaustive extraction. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2888–2896. © 2013 SETAC
Recovery based on plot experiments is a poor predictor of landscape-level population impacts of agricultural pesticides
Authors: Topping Christopher John , Kjær Lene Jung , Hommen Udo , Høye Toke Thomas , Preuss Thomas G. , Sibly Richard M. , van Vliet Peter
Published: September 2013

Current European Union regulatory risk assessment allows application of pesticides provided that recovery of nontarget arthropods in-crop occurs within a year. Despite the long-established theory of source-sink dynamics, risk assessment ignores depletion of surrounding populations and typical field trials are restricted to plot-scale experiments. In the present study, the authors used agent-based modeling of 2 contrasting invertebrates, a spider and a beetle, to assess how the area of pesticide application and environmental half-life affect the assessment of recovery at the plot scale and impact the population at the landscape scale. Small-scale plot experiments were simulated for pesticides with different application rates and environmental half-lives. The same pesticides were then evaluated at the landscape scale (10 km × 10 km) assuming continuous year-on-year usage. The authors' results show that recovery time estimated from plot experiments is a poor indicator of long-term population impact at the landscape level and that the spatial scale of pesticide application strongly determines population-level impact. This raises serious doubts as to the utility of plot-recovery experiments in pesticide regulatory risk assessment for population-level protection. Predictions from the model are supported by empirical evidence from a series of studies carried out in the decade starting in 1988. The issues raised then can now be addressed using simulation. Prediction of impacts at landscape scales should be more widely used in assessing the risks posed by environmental stressors. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1499–1507. © 2014 SETAC
Assessment of heavy metal contamination and bioaccumulation in soybean plants from mining and smelting areas of southern Hunan Province, China
Authors: Zhou Hang , Zeng Min , Zhou Xin , Liao Bo-Han , Liu Jun , Lei Ming , Zhong Qian-Yun , Zeng Hui
Published: September 2013

Soybean is one of most important dicotyledonous food crops and is widely planted in Hunan Province, China. However, mining activity causes contamination of the soil in which soybean grows. To assess the impact of mining-induced soil contamination on soybean plants, a geoaccumulation index (Igeo) was used to evaluate 20 soil samples from the mining and smelting areas of southern Hunan Province. The results indicated that Zn ranged from uncontaminated to a moderately contaminated level (Igeo < 1), Pb was at a strongly contaminated level (Igeo > 3), and Cd was at an extremely contaminated level (Igeo > 5) across the whole study area. All of the studied soybean plants were affected by heavy metal Pb and Cd contamination, and the mean concentrations in seeds were 13.9 mg/kg and 2.95 mg/kg, respectively. The estimated bioconcentration factor and translocation factor showed that the soybean roots had a strong Cd bioconcentration capability and the stems had a strong translocation capability in terms of Pb, Cd, and Zn, with preferential transference of metals to the soybean leaves. The bioavailable fraction in the soil was characterized by the exchangeable fraction of heavy metals. In the present study, the bioavailable fractions of Pb, Cd, and Zn were significantly positively correlated with the concentration of these metals in soybean tissues (roots, stems, leaves, husks, and seeds). Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2719–2727. © 2013 SETAC
Gas chromatography–olfactometry and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis of fresh cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. var. cantalupensis Naudin) aroma
Authors: Wang Ying , Lin Jianming
Published: September 2013

Although volatile aroma compounds of melon have been extensively studied, knowledge of cantaloupe aroma‐impact compounds is still ambiguous, inconsistent and incomplete. In this study an authentic aroma extract of fresh cantaloupe, or muskmelon, was obtained using a room temperature sample preparation method combining solid phase extraction and gel permeation chromatography. Thirty‐three compounds were determined as aroma‐impact compounds of the cantaloupe sample by gas chromatography–olfactometry analysis of the aroma extract. The six most important cantaloupe aroma‐impact compounds determined in this study were ethyl 2‐(methylthio)acetate (fruity), (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate (fruity), (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol (green), (E)‐6‐nonen‐1‐ol (creamy, sweet), γ‐octalactone (sweet, lactonic), and (Z,Z)‐(3,6)‐nonadien‐1‐ol (melon). (E,E)‐2,6‐Nonadienal, (E)‐6‐nonen‐1‐ol, ethyl acrylate, (Z)‐1,5‐octadien‐3‐ol, (Z)‐2‐nonenal and trans‐4,5‐epoxy‐(E)‐2‐decenal were identified in muskmelon for the first time. Using a sensitive and selective gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC‐MS/MS) method with a synthesized reference compound, (Z,Z)‐3,6‐nonadienyl acetate was unambiguously identified in cantaloupe for the first time. However, the presence of (Z,Z)‐3,6‐nonadienal in cantaloupe was not confirmed by the GC‐MS/MS analysis. Better understanding of a natural product aroma requires strategic selection of samples, a combination of complementary sample preparation methods, as well as advanced analytical techniques. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.