bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementation of Vitamin A and D in the Medication of Lung Tuberculosis
Authors: Pratiwi Rita Dian , Pramono Dibyo , Iswanto Iswanto , Junaedi Junaedi
Published: April 2018

At District of Wonosobo, Indonesia incidence rate of lung tuberculosis(TB) is increasing over years. In 2011 sputum conversion rate had reached 83.8%. Incidence rate of lung TB is still relatively high. This is influenced by many factors, one of which is the process of transmission. Potential of transmission may still occur until end of intensive medication (2 months). Vitamin A and D as immunoprotection can be used as supplements that can accelerate sputum conversion. To find out effect of vitamin A and D supplementation in accelerating sputum conversion of lung TB patients during intensive phase. The study was true experimental (double blinded randomized controlled trial). Subject of the study consisted of two groups; one comprised as many as 30 positive acid fast bacillus lung TB patients supplemented with vitamin A at dosage of 1 x 5000 IU/day and vitamin D at dosage of 1 x 400 IU/day whereas another group was placebo during intensive phase. There was effect of vitamin A and D supplementation to acceleration of sputum conversion with score of p 0.003; HR 2.45. Sputum conversion acceleration occurred in the experiment group during the second week with vitamin A and D supplementation as much as 86%. Vitamin A and D supplementation could accelerate the incidence of sputum conversion as much as 2.45 times greater than placebo group; thus vitamin A and D could be used as complementary supplements in the medication of lung TB medication during intensive phase.
The Using of Scientific Based Physics Module in Learning to Enhance High School Students’ Critical Thinking Skills on Rotation Dynamics and Equilibrium of Rigid Body
Authors: Setyawan Dhimas Nur , Aminah Nonoh Siti , Sarwanto Sarwanto
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using a scientific based physics module to improve high school students' critical thinking skills. This study is a quasi experimental study which uses two classes taken at random experiment consists of one class and the control class. Class experiments using the scientific study using scientific-based modules and classroom experiments using books that have been owned by students. Experimental class numbered 25 students and control class numbered 28 students. The research was conducted in the first half (one) Academic Year 2016/2017. The method used is the test method with a pretest-posttest design. Data were analyzed with quantitative and qualitative methods. Data were analyzed using a pretest form of the homogeneity test to find out that the experimental class and controls used homogeneous. Posttest results were analyzed using normality test to determine the normally distributed data, N-gain to determine the increase critical thinking skills, as well as test two parties not bound to determine whether or not there is a difference in the increase in critical thinking skills. Conclusions and recommendations are the use of scientifically-based modules effectively improve the ability to think critically and use physics-based scientific modules should be adjusted to the prevailing syllabus and curriculum so that learning can take place properly.
Development of Students’ Informal Reasoning across School Level
Authors: Widodo Ari , Saptarani Dwie , Riandi R. , Rochintaniawati Diana
Published: April 2018

Informal reasoning is the basic reasoning frequently used by most people to solve complex daily life problems. Unlike scientific reasoning, informal reasoning includes cognitive and affective processes that the types of reasoning can be intuitive, emotive and rational. This cross sectional study describes the development of students’ informal reasoning at elementary school, junior high school, and senior high school. Moreover, the study also identifies differences between boys and girls reasoning. Participants are 20 elementary school students, 30 junior high school students, and 30 high school students who attend schools managed by the same foundation. Data were collected using five items test on issues found in everyday life. Students’ responses were grouped into intuitive, emotive, or rational reasoning. The results suggest that students’ informal reasoning tend to develop parallel to the school grade. Related to gender, the study finds that girls tend to use rational reasoning while boys tend to use intuitive reasoning.
Evaluation of Primary School Teachers’ Competence in Implementing 2013 Curriculum: A Study in Tomohon City
Authors: Sumual Moreen Zedko Isaura , Ali Mohammad
Published: April 2018

Teachers play an important role in curriculum implementation and become one of the factors in it. The role of teachers in the implementation of curriculum is influenced by the competence they have. This study aimed to examine the correlation between pedagogical competence and teacher’s teaching experience in Tomohon city primary schools. The study used descriptive method with correlational study model. The data used in this study was secondary data based on the results of UKG 2015. The selected research subjects were elementary school teachers in Tomohon especially in schools that had implemented 2013 Curriculum. The data analysis method used in this study was Pearson Product-Moment Correlation. The results of this study indicates that teaching experience and pedagogical competence are negatively correlated (r = -0.403), and the correlation is significantly indicated by p-value of 0.000. This means the longer the teaching experience, the less pedagogical competence are the teachers.
Student's Environmental Literacy Profile Of Adiwiyata Green School In Surakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Meilinda Hephi , Prayitno Baskoro Adi , Karyanto Puguh
Published: April 2018

Environmental literacy refers to the knowledge of the mechanism of how the nature works and the roles of human to preserve the nature sustainably. The dynamic relation between human and environment can be seen from the life interaction along with all the components. One characteristic of society that has environmental literacy is highly concerned with environmental. This research aims to analyze students’ environmental literacy in Adiwiyata Green School in Surakarta. Environmental literacy covers some components including environmental knowledge, attitude, and environmental concern.This research was developed through descriptive qualitative design to obtain data by employing classroom observation and questionnaire based on environmental literacy to the students in Adiwiyata Green School in Surakarta. The research finding shows that (1) students’ environmental literacy in Adiwiyata Green School in Surakarta is categorized as low level. Data obtained from the instrument are 77,38% for environmental knowledge, 59,50% for attitude, 70,12% for environmental concern. The average percentage for all components is 68,97%. Based on the finding, it can be concluded that the environmental literacy is still low. It can be seen from (1) knowledge and concern aspects are higher than attitude aspect, (2) attitude aspect contains two components which are anti anthropocentrism and anti-exemptionalism, so that it is necessarily to increase students’ concern toward the environment.
How a brain says: Fingermath for Empowering Children’s Creativity
Authors: Yanuarto Wanda Nugroho
Published: April 2018

Children typically learn basic numerical and arithmetic principles using finger-based representations. However, whether or not reliance on finger-based representations is beneficial or detrimental is the subject of an ongoing debate between researchers in neurocognition and mathematics education. From the neurocognitive perspective, finger counting provides multisensory input, which conveys both cardinal and ordinal aspects of numbers. Recent data indicate that children with good finger-based numerical representations show better arithmetic skills and that training finger gnosis, or “finger sense,” enhances mathematical skills. Therefore neurocognitive researchers conclude that elaborate finger-based numerical representations are beneficial for later numerical development. However, research in mathematics education recommends fostering mentally based numerical representations so as to induce children to abandon finger counting. More precisely, mathematics education recommends first using finger counting, then concrete structured representations and, finally, mental representations of numbers to perform numerical operations. Taken together, these results reveal an important debate between neurocognitive and mathematics education research concerning the benefits and detriments of finger-based strategies for numerical development. In the present review, the rationale of both lines of evidence will be discussed.
Learning Divisions of Fractions through Sprint Running Pictures
Authors: Roni Abdul , Zulkardi Z. , Indra Putri Ratu Ilma
Published: April 2018

This study aims to produce Learning Trajectory (LT) that can help students understand the division of fractions in grade 5 elementary schools. This study was conducted on 30 students in class V.e MIN 2 Palembang, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This study uses Design Research method with three research stages, namely: 1) Preliminary Design/ preparing for an experiment which is the stage of designing Hyphotecal Learning Trajectory (HLT) and instruments needed, 2) Design Experiment namely HLT test phase consisting of Pilot Experiment and Teaching Experiment and 3) Retrospective Analysis.  Instruments for data collections are video recordings, documentation, and interviews, observation sheet, and pre-test and post-test. Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT) of learning division of fractions has been designed into Learning Trajectory (LT) so it can function as a Local Instructional Theory (LIT) which can be developed to provide the materials of the division of fractions for students. The results of this study indicate that the trajectory of learning produced can help students understand the division of fractions. Therefore, it will be able to contribute positively to the various parties who have an interest in the education such as teachers, students, schools and the government. Furthermore, it is also can be used as a reference in the teaching and learning and developing materials of teaching mathematics.
Compare and Contrast of Knowledge Sharing of Academicians to Students-A Study in Private and Public Universities
Authors: Asumptha J Antonette , Puniyamoorthy M.
Published: April 2018

This article points out that the society is becoming more and more knowledge based. Organizations that create, share and evolve knowledge are becoming the leading organizations of success. Therefore, the study focuses on knowledge sharing practices in academic institutions, here we see interesting perspectives on faculty sharing knowledge with students .The theory of planned behaviour which consists of Attitude(AT), Subjective Norms(SN) and Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) is reflected in this paper, this is analysed while comparing and contrasting private and public universities across three parameters AT,SN,PBC. Attitude stands the highest in private universities as compared to public.SN is the highest overall in both private and public universities taken together; proving that people’s influence in sharing knowledge in both together is high. PBC has a high score in public universities compared to private universities.
The Impact of B-Learning Modality to Information and Communication Technology Competence of Pedagogical Student
Authors: Nguyen Dung The
Published: April 2018

The most practical way to convince the pedagogical students see the effectiveness of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching is to put them into a rich learning environment of technology applications and show them the effect of such learning. In (Dung Nguyen The Thanh N.T., 2017b), we have proposed ICT competence framework to evaluate ICT competence of pedagogical students in informatics specialized. Frame of this competence, including 7 competence components with 17 criteria. Based on this framework, we have studied the impact of learning in blended learning (B-learning) modality to the competence to apply ICT in teaching of preservice teacher. The results are analyzed and assessed below.
Critical Thinking in Accounting Textbooks
Authors: Irafahmi Diana Tien , Nuris Dudung Ma'ruf , Zahroh Fatmawati , Nagari Primasa
Published: April 2018

A textbook is the main source of learning in many universities, yet there are only a few studies which specifically evaluate accounting textbook. This research aimed to evaluate the accounting textbooks used in some Indonesian universities and is expected to provide recommendations of accounting textbooks which are potential to develop students’ critical thinking ability. This study was a content analysis. The analysis was based on the Bloom’s taxonomy as well as the indicators of contextual representation intensity level. The results demonstrated that critical thinking receives little attention, either in the components of learning objectives, practice exercises or the materials/main content. Accounting textbook written by foreign authors seems to have higher quality than those written by local authors. It is suggested that the accounting academicians in Indonesia collaborate with accounting practitioners to develop a better quality textbook by adapting the superiorities of textbooks written by foreign authors and eliminating the weakness.
Using Textbook Illustration as Media for Developing Character among Primary Students: Some Research-based Suggestion
Authors: Patria Asidigisianti Surya , Mutmainah Siti
Published: April 2018

Character building is usually being applied in everyday life at school and at home. It is expected that the character education is not only derived only from the teacher but also will be more attractive when it is included into the textbooks. In this literature study, the data were collected by analysing some research papers which relate to primary students’ visual knowledge and character building theory. The results show that character buildings could be included in the illustrations in elementary school textbooks using the students’ interest in illustrations. The illustration is drawn in the form of an overview of the positive values which touch children’s affective aspects. Hopefully, by cultivating the positive values, it will gradually form good character of the primary students.
Teachers’ Obstacles in Implementing Numbered Head Together in Social Science Learning
Authors: Widyaningtyas Harini , Winarni Retno , Murwaningsih Tri
Published: April 2018

This study is aimed at describing teachers’ obstacles in applying Numbered Head Together learning model in social science learning. The type of research is qualitative descriptive. The subject of the research is the third-grade teacher of elementary school in Sukoharjo Sub-district. The findings of the research were analyzed using interactive analysis of Miles and Huberman and were presented through descriptive narrative technique. The results reveal several obstacles that were experienced by the teachers. First, the time is limited. Second, the classroom atmosphere is noisy due to large number of students. Third, the number of students in total is not even. Fourth, the students interfere each other. Fifth, not all of the students work in the group. Sixth, the students are not actively responding. Seventh, the students are lack of confidence in the presentation.
Card Games and Algebra Tic Tacmatics on Achievement of Junior Secondary II Students in Algebraic Expressions
Authors: Michael Okpube Nnaemeka , Anugwo N. M.
Published: April 2018

This study investigated the Card Games and Algebra tic-Tacmatics on Junior Secondary II Students’ Achievement in Algebraic Expressions. Three research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted the pre-test, post-test control group design. A total of two hundred and forty (240) Junior Secondary School II students were used as sample for this study. The experimental group was taught using games while the control group was taught using the conventional (lecture) method. Algebraic Achievement Test (AAT) was used to collect data for this study. AAT was validated by three experts in mathematics education and measurement and evaluation respectively. The reliability index of AAT was 0.79. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while ANCOVA was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study showed among others that there was a significant difference between students taught algebraic expressions with games and those taught without games, there was also a significant difference between the achievement of males and females taught algebraic expressions with games and those taught without games in favour of the males.
The Effect of Leadership, Organizational Culture, Emotional Intellegence, and Job Satisfaction on Performance
Authors: Ilyas Muhammad , Abdullah Tamrin
Published: April 2018

This Researchaims to study the influence of Leadership, Organizational Culture, Emotional Quotation, and Job Satisfaction to Teacher Performance of Senior High School at Palopo Municipality South Sulawesi. Samplestudy involving 78 Teachers.The results are: (1) Leadership directly effects teacher performance (2)Emotional quotation directly influence teacher performance, (3) Job Satisfaction directly effects teacher performance, (4) Leadership directly effects job satisfaction, (5) Organizational Culture directly effects job satisfaction, (6) Emotional Quotattion directly effects job satisfaction.Based on this research, the factors of Leadership, Organizational Culture, Emotional Quotation, and Job Satisfaction to Teacher Performance should be developed by Central and Local Governmenteither Palopo or South Sulawesi.
Domain and Intelligence Based Multimedia Question Answering System
Authors: Kumar Krishnamoorthi Magesh , Valarmathie P.
Published: April 2018

Multimedia question answering systems have become very popular over the past few years. It allows users to share their thoughts by answering given question or obtain information from a set of answered questions. However, existing QA systems support only textual answer which is not so instructive for many users. The user’s discussion can be enhanced by adding suitable multimedia data. Multimedia answers offer intuitive information with more suitable image, voice and video. This system includes a set of information as well as classification of question and answer, query generation, multimedia data selection and presentation. This system will take all kinds of media such as text, images, videos, and videos which will be combined with a textual answer. In a way, it automatically collects information from the user to improvising the answer. This method consists of ranking for answers to select the best answer. By dealing out a huge set of QA pairs and adding them to a database, multimedia question answering approach for users which finds multimedia answers by matching their questions with those in the database. The effectiveness of Multimedia system is determined by ranking of text, image, audio and video in users answer. The answer which is given by the user it’s processed by Semantic match algorithm and the best answers can be viewed by Naive Bayesian ranking system.
Validity and Realibility of Chemistry Systemic Multiple Choices Questions (CSMCQs)
Authors: Priyambodo Erfan , Marfuatun Marfuatun
Published: April 2018

Nowdays, Rasch model analysis is used widely in social research, moreover in educational research. In this research, Rasch model is used to determine the validation and the reliability of systemic multiple choices question in chemistry teaching and learning. There were 30 multiple choices question with systemic approach for high school student class XI. In this research, a 164 student as the subject of the research. The data was collecting during March – April 2015. The data was analysis using Winsteps application with Rasch model. The reseach shows that 29 question of 30 questions was valid through Rasch model analysis. The reliability of systemic multiple choices question was 0.93, which is very good chategory.
Design of Personalized Blended Learning Environments Based On Web-Assisted Modelling In Science Education
Authors: Çetinkaya Murat
Published: April 2018

Positive results of science teaching studies supported with the means provided by technology require the enrichment of the content of blended learning environments to provide more benefits. Within this context, it is thought that preparing a web-assisted model-based teaching, which is frequently used in science teaching, based on the “Matter and Heat” unit will be useful. A great number of studies on “Matter and Heat” unit have reported that many students have conceptual errors. It has been found that students have difficulties in associating concepts such as matter, heat, temperature and change of state with daily life. Studies have shown the necessity of designing and using effective teaching methods in solving such problems. It is thought that the modeling based web materials developed for the unit of matter and heat will be effective in decreasing students’ conceptual errors and their learning difficulties. ASSURE teaching design model, which aims to increase the efficiency of material choice and use with systematic prior planning of teaching, was used in creating the materials which were prepared based on web-assisted modeling. The purpose of this study is to design of personalized blended learning environments which are designed based on web-assisted modeling for “Matter and Heat” unit. 
The Usage of Recycle Materials for Science Practicum: Is There Any Effect on Science Process Skills?
Authors: Prajoko Setiyo , Amin Mohamad , Rohman Fatchur , Gipayana Muhana
Published: April 2018

This study aimed at determining the effect of recycle materials usage for science practicum on students' basic science process skills of the Open University, Surakarta. Recycle materials are the term used for the obtained materials and equipment from the students’ environment by taking back the garbage or secondhand objects into goods or new products which have a benefit for practicum activities. Randomized posttest only control group design was applied in this study and involving 83 students which divided into experimental class and control class. Collected data were science process skills test and questionnaire. The results of this study obtained Kruskal Wallis test result of 0.000<0.05. So, there was effect of recycle materials usage for science practicum on students’ science process skills. Students also provided positive feedback on the use of recycle materials for science lab activities.
Investigating College Students’ Views on Mathematics Learning Through Reflective Journal Writing
Authors: Guce Ivee Kalalo
Published: April 2018

The study on reflective journal writing (RJW) and its benefits as assessed by the teachers has long been an inclination in mathematics education. However, little research has been done to explore the feelings of students towards RJW and how such has an effect on their mathematics learning. This study aimed to describe the feelings of the students about RJW. Being a qualitative type of research study, data were acquired through focus group discussion and were analyzed using axial coding. Results revealed that RJW (i) provided opportunities for the students to construct meaning and express personal views and ideas; (ii) built a connection between the teacher and the students; (iii) through the use of prompts, allowed the students to relate mathematics to real-life facts improving their understanding of the subject; (iv) helped the students build association of ideas using their prior knowledge and experiences; and (v) enabled the students to develop self-awareness. The findings suggest that when students are engaged in reflective writing experiences which explicitly promote meaning-making or self-questioning, teachers create an opportunity for them to see how the process of writing can enrich their mathematical learning.
Assessment of the Ethical Orientations of Turkish Teachers
Authors: Ural Ozlem , Gokturk Soheyda , Bozoglu Oguzhan
Published: April 2018

Students’ development in terms of values, moral education and character is crucial for the culture of any society. Considering that these are gained through family and school, school principals and teachers can be the key players.  Even if teachers do not deliberately act as models or ethic agents, or their main purpose is not merely ethical education, they still affect the students directly and indirectly. Therefore, exploration of their ethical decisions and what orientations guide them in making those ethical decisions is highly important. In this regard, teachers’ ethical orientation is worth measuring. In this study, Ethical Position Questionnaire [1], which has so far been commonly used to explore ethical orientations of a variety of professionals and cultural groups was translated into Turkish; and validity and reliability study was applied on teachers. Research group consisted of 251 primary school teachers working in state schools located in Kocaeli province, Turkey. To identify the construct validity of Ethical Position Questionnaire (EPQ), factor analysis was conducted. The analysis revealed that EPQ is two factor-structured and these factors explain 45% of the variance. Cronbach’s Alpha internal consistency reliability assessed for the total items of Turkish version of EPQ was .81 and for the first subscale –idealism-, for the second scale –relativism- was found .84 and .86 respectively. In conclusion, The Turkish version of Ethical Position Questionnaire was identified as a valid and reliable research tool to assess ethical positions of primary school teachers.
The Adolescents Overview with Healthy Sexual Behavior in the Risky Environment
Authors: Djannah Sitti Nur
Published: April 2018

Teens today have experienced a shift in morality, thought and behavior patterns because they are influenced by foreign cultures. This is due to lack of progress, especially in the field of transport and telecommunications that are spreading globally at youth culture. Negative attitudes towards adolescent health, such as sexual activity also tend to increase. Turonggo Wiro Budoyo (TWB) Wirobrajan Yogyakarta youth association which is a group of teenagers in the field of traditional dance, jathilan, is identified as a group of young adults at risk of premarital sex. They almost have a close friend (dating) and have intercourse, which is interesting to explore. There are five teenagers who can maintain a healthy sexual behavior. The purpose of research is to know the description of personal factors and external factors that influence adolescents to be able to retain healthy sexual behavior in a risky environment in TWB Yogyakarta youth association. Based on in-depth interviews with five teenagers who declares themselves not dating and a group leader community of TWB, it was shown that an overview that affects teens still behave in a healthy sex despite being in a risky environment is an overview of personal where young people have the ability to hold back emotions, ideals and religiosity attitudes, while the picture of the external consists of a family function where parents do remind norms and religion as well as the ability of adolescents to maintain away from the influence of friends to behave deviate.
Mathematical Writing Errors in Expository Writings of College Mathematics Students
Authors: Guce Ive K.
Published: April 2018

Despite the efforts to confirm the effectiveness of writing in learning mathematics, analysis on common errors in mathematical writings has not received sufficient attention. This study aimed to provide an account of the students’ procedural explanations in terms of their commonly committed errors in mathematical writing. Nine errors in mathematical writing were pre-defined namely, misuse of mathematical terms, misuse of mathematical symbols, incorrect notation, incorrect grammar, incorrect capitalization, no or incorrect punctuation, vague term, incorrect term, and lack of term or phrase. This study used qualitative method of research to keep a record of errors in mathematical writing. Conducted in the College of Education Arts and Sciences of De La Salle Lipa, the study involved twelve BS Mathematics students enrolled in Advanced Calculus 1 class as respondents. Results revealed that the most committed errors done in mathematical writing are incorrect grammar and misuse of mathematical symbols. Certainly, intervention programs on mathematics writing will bring favorable outcomes. Language courses in the students’ curriculum which tackle proper grammar usage may be integrated with writing about mathematics as part of the student activities. Such will provide the students with writing experiences fitted to their discipline.

 
Color, Transparency, and Light in Aristotle
Authors: Kelsey Sean
Published: April 2018

Aristotle says that it is in the nature of color to impart movement to transparent media. Typically this is interpreted as implying that these media must be transparent (in fulfillment) before color moves them. I argue that this is a mistake.
Political Reasons for the Success and Failure of Absalom’s Rebellion (2 Sam 15-19)
Authors: Schücking-Jungblut Friederike
Published: April 2018

This study reads the Absalom narrative as an instructive discourse on the modes of human behavior in the form of a historical narrative. Concretely it focuses on the intended change in leadership and analyzes the political processes during the initial success and final failure of the revolt. Absalom’s rebellion can best be described as an irregular dynastic succession. As such it has elements of both continuity and discontinuity to the preceding and competing kingship of David. Maintaining an aura of power and gaining personnel resources, i.e. both elites from the established hierarchy and a wide base within the population, are identified as the two main reasons for the initial success. But later, the inaccurate handling of these very same personnel resources result in Absalom’s failure and death. In the end, a final redactional layer transfers the causality for Absalom’s failure to the divine level.
On the Possible Interpretations of Amos 7:14
Authors: Ridge David B.
Published: April 2018

The ambiguity of the vocabulary and grammar of Amos 7:14 has led to the proposal of numerous conflicting interpretations. I present a comprehensive evaluation of these proposals. I argue that both grammar and context indicate Amos 7:14 is made up of three declarative clauses, two negative and one affirmative, which describe either the past or present vocation of Amos. Whether they describe the past or present relative to the situation in the narrative, these clauses combine with the account of Amos’s prophetic call to indicate that his prophetic activity is not motivated by economic or other concerns but only by his desire to be obedient to YHWH.
“Look through Your Book and Make Me a Perfect Match”: Talking about Genealogy in Amoraic Palestine and Babylonia
Authors: Koren Yedidah
Published: April 2018

Rabbinic literature is concerned with lineage when determining appropriate marital partners. For the rabbis, not all Jews may marry all other Jews. Some Jews have a lower lineage status and may only marry others of similar status. Scholars have assumed that the Amoraim of Babylonia were more stringent towards matters of lineage than their Palestinian counterparts. However, the talmudic sources themselves do not neatly fit with this dichotomy. Additionally, this generalization does not capture the variety of ways that the Amoraim perceived lineage. In this article, I propose a shift of focus towards the different terminologies and discourses in Amoraic sources, which provide a richer understanding of the ways in which they viewed genealogy, and wished to shape it. These terminologies reflect different ways in which the rabbis constructed the idea of a Jewish people, and its components.
From Kampala to New York—The Final Negotiations to Activate the Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court over the Crime of Aggression
Authors: Trahan Jennifer
Published: April 2018

The article focusses on the final negotiations this December during the Assembly of States Parties meeting, where states decided to activate the icc’s jurisdiction over the crime of aggression. The article commences with a brief background on prosecuting the crime, the negotiation of the definition and conditions for the exercise of icc jurisdiction over it, and the Kampala Review Conference adoption of the crime. It then discusses the dispute as to jurisdiction that developed post-Kampala, and how it was apparently resolved at the December meeting. The article then assesses the potential impact of activating the icc’s 4th crime in terms of deterrence, and whether the December activating resolution actually resolved the jurisdiction dispute, taking the view that it did not, and that the activating resolution was arguably an improper modification of the Kampala agreement and jurisdiction may not be as limited as what appears to have been agreed.
Capital Punishment for Apostasy in Islam
Authors: Baker Man
Published: April 2018

This article sheds light on the Islamic legal ruling concerning apostasy (riddah). It reviews the verses of the Qur’an and the Hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad concerning apostasy, with the aim of reaching a firm conclusion on this topic, particularly because Islam has been accused of being a religion that forces people to embrace it, even against peoples’ free will. The article also reviews Muslim scholars’ points of view concerning this topic and the historical circumstances and conditions regarding it. The article concludes that Islam never sentences anyone to death for eschewing Islam; it merely does so for riddah.
More than Piety
Authors: Martin Lucinda
Published: April 2018

Histories of Early Modern religion in Europe typically contrast the activities of ordained theologians with those of laity. The thought and writings of the former usually constitute “theology” and those of the latter “piety.” The result has long been a divided history. Confessional church historians have written histories that were essentially genealogies of (male) officer holders, while scholars of folklore, culture or literature analyzed the contributions of laity. Since the so-called cultural turn, the contributions of laity as organizers, transmitters and patrons of Early Modern religious movements are being recognized. What has been less studied are the intellectual achievements of laity, many of whom possessed deep knowledge of theology, history, and ancient languages and played important roles in Early Modern religious history. This article provides an overview of the main issues and the development of lay theology in the period and argues for increased study of the phenomenon.
Transnationalism and Identification among Chinese Immigrant Youth
Authors: Cui Dan
Published: April 2018

This paper examines transnationalism and identity construction among Chinese immigrant youth in Canada, an often-ignored population and inadequately addressed research area in transnational studies. I argue that the transnational practices within immigrant families have nurtured transnational orientation and identification among Chinese youth. I also interrogate simply using the frequency of homeland trips to evaluate the degree of second-generation transnationalism, by highlighting the different lens that Chinese youth engage in framing their perception of homeland.
Seeking Sanctuary
Authors: Zhang Zhihua Olivia , Beck Kumari
Published: April 2018

The internationalization of higher education has led to the influx of Chinese international students in Canada. Much of the literature on this subject has focussed on the factors that drive them to Canada, their academic learning experiences, and the impact of North American stereotypical constructions of “Chinese learners” on their English language learning. This paper is based on a narrative study investigating the mobility, English learning and test-taking experiences of ten Chinese international students, and the complex connections among their past and present experiences and imagined futures. Informed by theories on globalization, neoliberalism, and Bourdieu’s concepts of social power, in particular, on sanctuary, this paper presents selected findings relating to the paradoxes and dilemmas of the student experiences of leaving China for their higher education, imagining a better future.
A Study of Chinese International Students Enrolled in the Master of Education Program at a Canadian University
Authors: Zhou George , Liu Tian , Rideout Glenn
Published: April 2018

Even though more and more studies have been reported in the literature about international undergraduate students’ learning experiences in North America, little research has been done to study international graduate students on North American campuses. The university where this study took place has recently established a cohort-based Master of Education (M. Ed.) program for international students. This study was designed to investigate the adaptation of the international graduate students (all Chinese) who were enrolled in the M.Ed. program with a focus on their learning experiences, the challenges they encountered, and the suggestion they had for improvement of the program. Data analysis reveals that while Chinese international graduate students shared some common challenges with international undergraduate students such as language and cultural challenges, they had unique perspectives and expectations on curriculum and pedagogy. Suggestions for curriculum development for Chinese international graduate students are highlighted.
Catalogue of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) from Argentina
Authors: FREDES NATALIA A.
Published: April 2018

A catalogue of oribatid mites recorded in Argentina is provided here. This catalogue includes a total of 398 described species comprised in 185 genera and 75 families. For each species synonymies, global and local distributions as well as general remarks are provided. It also includes 13 new combinations and 17 new synonyms.
A Tropical Storm David Tornado in Fairfax County—September 1979
Authors: Hoadley David K.
Published: April 2018

Tropical Storm David produced numerous tornadoes during its transit up the East Coast in September 1979. One of these occurred in Fairfax County, Virginia, during early evening daylight and in a residential community. A study of this tornado was conducted through ground inspection, personal interviews, examination of low-level aerial photography, and meteorological records. Several eyewitness accounts of this storm are of special interest, considering the general paucity of data on hurricane and/or tropical storm tornadoes. Among such observations were: an isolated break in the overcast immediately south of the tornado, with an echo-free “hole” seen by radar 10 min prior to its formation; an outflow gust front wrapping around the tornadic circulation; and widely varying sound reports. The isolated visual and radar break in the clouds may be a significant forecast indicator of these small, short-lived, but destructive storms.
Nimbus-6 Temperature Soundings Obtained Using Interactive Video-Graphics Computer Techniques
Authors: Paulson Byron A. , Horn Lyle H.
Published: April 2018

In an attempt to improve the quality of Nimbus-6 soundings, the Man-computer Interactive Data Access System (McIDAS) at the University of Wisconsin is used to manually edit individual (scan spot) High-resolution Infrared Sounder (HIRS) soundings. Unlike the Nimbus-6 Data System Test (DST) soundings that are derived from averages of up to 84 spot radiance measurements and the TIROS-N and NOAA-6 operational soundings that can involve averages of up to 63 spot measurements, the HIRS soundings used in this study were derived from single spot radiances or averages of five single spot soundings. Also, unlike the DST soundings, the HIRS McIDAS retrievals used contemporary surface (instrument shelter) temperatures as a pseudoinfrared window channel to aid in cloud filtering. These McIDAS-generated soundings were used to analyze 1) level temperature fields at 850, 500, and 300 mb; 2) the 850–300 mb thickness field; and 3) the 500 mb height field over eastern Europe for a 20 August 1975 case. The excellent radiosonde network in this area is used for verification purposes.

While the individual spot soundings offer little improvement over the DST data, the averages of five of these soundings provide analyses that are distinctly superior to the operational DST soundings. Although improvement is noted in the root mean square and bias scores, the largest improvements are found in the S1 score, which is a measure of gradient comparison. The radiosonde verification data are partitioned into subsets and in some tests are combined with the HIRS soundings. Other tests involve comparisons in which the radiosonde data consist of only mandatory-level data. The various tests indicate that the edited HIRS soundings averaged in small groups are comparable to mandatory-level radiosonde data in constructing 500 mb height analyses.
Cloud-top Structure of Tornadic Storms on 10 April 1979 from Rapid Scan and Stereo Satellite Observations1
Authors: Negri Andrew J.
Published: April 2018

The cloud top structure of the Wichita Falls tornadic storm of 10 April 1979 (and other severe storms on this day) is studied using remotely-sensed observations from radar and satellite. A comprehensive data set included 3 min interval visible (0.6 μm) and infrared (11 μm) radiances from the eastern GOES and similar 30 min interval data from the western GOES. The near synchronization of these two satellites allowed for the stereoscopic determination of cloud top heights. In addition, at 2048 GMT, TIROS-N scanned the storms within one minute of the geosynchronous stereo and provided 1 km resolution infrared blackbody temperatures.

Because internal storm dynamics are hidden from the view of the satellite, storm updraft intensity must be inferred from cloud-top minimum temperature and its rate of change. The Wichita Falls, Tex. tornadic storm could be defined in the satellite data by a point of minimum temperature which displayed temporal continuity and achieved a temperature of 208 K. A cloud-top cooling rate above the tropopause of 7 K/21 min preceded tornadogenesis. An adjacent warm area (221 K) developed downwind and was surrounded by a “V”-shaped pattern of lower temperatures. The warm area is postulated as due to subsidence in the lee of an ascending tower.

The measured stereo height of the Wichita Falls storm was 15.6 km at 2349 GMT, 1.5 km higher than severe storms 150 km downwind, although its minimum blackbody temperature was 9 K higher than that of these downwind storms. In addition, unrealistic fluctuations in the time sequence of temperature 30 min prior to the Wichita Falls tornado indicate that the IR measurements are affected by sensor response and/or field of view limitations, at least close to the anvil edge. Cross sections of stereo heights, IR temperature, and radar reflectivity at 2349 GMT demonstrate that while there is, in general, a co-location of high tops, low temperatures, and high low-level radar reflectivity, significant variations can exist in height/rainfall relationships.

A comparison of data sets at 2048 GMT between stereo height measurements and IR temperatures from GOES-East and TIROS-N revealed that anvil top features can be up to 10 K warmer in the GOES field of view (100 km2) than from TIROS-N (1 km2), and that this difference can reach 20 K for young thunderstorms, with perhaps 4 K explained by calibration differences. The lapse rate for tops penetrating the tropopause was substantially closer to the adiabatic lapse rate when TIROS-N temperature minima, rather than GOES minima, were plotted as a function of stereo determined height.
FGGE Research Activities at ECMWF
Authors: Bengtsson L. , Kanamitsu M. , Kållberg P. , Uppala S.
Published: April 2018

A presentation of the First GARP Global Experiment (FGGE) Research Programme at the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is given. An excellent data coverage in areas previously practically void of observations has made it possible to analyze synoptic features in the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere in great detail. The studies strongly suggest that the winter circulation in the Southern Hemisphere is more intense than previously assumed. The tropical circulation shows several examples of episodes of very active interhemispheric exchange. The large-scale circulation in the tropics is dominated by a giant ascending cell over the western Pacific having a particularly strong component in the equatorial plane. This circulation is especially pronounced during the Northern Hemisphere summer. Prediction experiments show increased skill, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere and the tropics. Comparison with operational forecasts performed at ECMWF after FGGE, as well as with observing system experiments, shows that this is due to the improved data coverage during FGGE.
METEOSAT Water Vapor Channel and a Low-Latitude Vortex
Authors: Davis N. E.
Published: April 2018

METEOSAT water-vapor (5.7–7.1 μm) images are used to illustrate the formation of a low-latitude, upper-level vortex over NE Brazil in February 1979. Winds derived from cloud motions over three consecutive half-hourly METEOSAT infrared (10.5–12.5 μm) images show that the basic cause of the development is the disruption of an upper trough penetrating into low latitudes from the north. Cross-equatorial flow is set up and a cyclonic circulation appears in the southern hemisphere.
An Update on Trends in Skill of Daily Forecasts of Temperature and Precipitation at the State University of New York at Albany
Authors: Bosart Lance F.
Published: April 2018

Consensus (the average of all forecasts) skill levels in forecasting daily maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation probability across six class intervals, and precipitation amount at the State University of New York at Albany are reviewed for the period 1977–82. Skill is measured relative to a climatological control. Forecasts are made for four consecutive 24 h periods for Albany, N.Y., beginning at 1800 GMT of the current day.

For minimum temperature, the skill levels average 57%, 41%, 26%, and 15%, respectively, for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h in advance. For maximum temperature, a more limited sample yields corresponding skill levels of 84%, 49%, 34%, and 19% for 12, 36, 60, 84 h ahead. Linear regression analysis yields little in the way of a definitive trend, given the smallness of the explained variance. Comparison with other readily available objective and subjective operational guidance establishes the credibility of the consensus forecast.