bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE HEALTH CULTURE OF FUTURE DOCTORS THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE HEALTH-PRESERVING COMPETENCE FORMATION
Authors: Fedchyshyn Nadiya O. , Romanchuk Olha V. , Bilovus Lesia I. , Mysyk Oksana A. , Nazaruk Viktor L. , Yablonska Nataliya M. , Pantyuk Tetiana I.
Published: September 2021

The aim: To present the complex formation of all the outlined components and the interaction between them, it should be lead to the successful formation of a culture of health of future doctors.
Materials and methods: The diagnostic stage of the experimental study covered 450 students of four higher medical educational institutions: I. Horbachevsky TernopilState Medical University (150 students), Lviv National Medical University named after D. Halytsky (100 students); Bukovynian State Medical University (100 students), Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University (100 students), Ukraine.
Results and conclusions: Analysis of the dynamics of changes in the formation of personal practical and personaldeveloping components of the future doctors’ health culture from entry to final control allows us to conclude that the use of author’s methods in preparing students gives better results than traditional training.
PATHOGENETIC ROLE OF MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR (CSF-1) IN PREDICTING ENDOMETRIOID DISEASE
Authors: Orlova Yuliia A. , Hromova Antonina M. , Kaidashev Igor P. , Shlykova Oksana A. , Izmailova Olha V. , Martynenko Vitaliiy B.
Published: September 2021

The aim: To assess the CSF – 1 level in peritoneal fluid and menstrual blood of women with endometrioid disease and to investigate its diagnostic and prognostic specificity.
Materials and methods: The study included 80 women of child-bearing age (mean age 30.95 ± 6.49 years) with benign gynaecological pathology of the ovaries and / or fallopian tubes. The women included in the study were divided into two groups: study group (n = 50, mean age 31.04 ± 6.3 years), consisting of patients with confirmed endometrioid disease, and control group (n = 30, mean age 30.8 ± 6.8 years), involving individuals without signs of endometriosis (p> 0.05).
Results: We have found significantly higher level of CSF-1 content in the peritoneal fluid in the subjects of the study group (2027.05 ± 732.64 pg / ml) compared with those in the control group (1725.62 ± 466.06 pg / ml) (p = 0.029). There is a tendency towards an increase in CSF-1 level in women with endometriosis in its more severe stages and more severe and extended adhesions. The investigation of CSF-1 content in menstrual blood has demonstrated significant increase in its values in the women of the study group (9431.6 ± 2866.22 pg / ml) compared with the values in the control group (6637.12 ± 954.05 pg / ml), (p = 0.00004). Thus, there is a tendency towards the growth in CSF-1 level in peritoneal fluid and menstrual blood in women with endometriosis and concurrent increase in severity of the disease.
Conclusions: There has been found significant increase in CSF-1 content in women with endometrioid disease in both peritoneal fluid and menstrual blood (1.2 and 1.4 times, respectively). Thus, macrophage growth factor (CSF-1) can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic criterion in evaluating the progression of endomertioid disease.
EFFICACY OF HERBAL AND NATURALLY-DERIVED DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS: A MINI-REVIEW
Authors: Żęgota Zbigniew , Goździk Joanna , Głogowska-Szeląg Joanna
Published: September 2021

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) accounts for approximately 85% of the burden of OA worldwide. Knee OA is a whole joint disorder involving structural alterations in the hyaline articular cartilage, subchondral bone, ligaments, capsule, synovium, and periarticular muscles. The complex knee OA pathogenesis includes mechanical, inflammatory, and metabolic factors, eventually leading to the synovial joint’s structural destruction and failure. This review aims to present an overview of current knowledge on dietary supplements, such as glucosamine, chondroitin, methylsulfonylmethane, diacerein, avocado-soybean unsaponifiables, curcuminoids, as well as boswellic acids. Results originating from several small studies with natural products in managing knee OA are encouraging. However, additional well-designed placebo-controlled clinical trials are required.
MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS IN THE LIGHT OF THE AMENDMENT OF THE ACT ON THE PROFESSION OF A PHYSICIAN AND A DENTIST
Authors: Gąsior Małgorzata
Published: September 2021

On the 1st of January 2021 the new legal regulations to the Act of 5 December 1996 on the professions of a physician and a dentist came into force. The aim of this article is to present the new legal regulations of conducting medical experiments and to clarify the regulations already applicable. Under the amended regulations, the legislator, comprehensively regulated the legal conditions and rules to conduct the medical experiments, both research experiments and therapeutic ones, by imposing the new restrictions on a person who conducts medical experiments. The most significant change is that examination of biological material, including genetic material collected from a person for scientific purposes, is also regarded as a medical experiment. The purpose of the article is therefore to familiarize medical community with the new legal regulations concerning the principles of conducting all kind of medical experiments and to point out what interpretation doubts and legal dilemmas may arise while their conducting.
Cambio de grosor macular central con la administración de Bevacizumab Intravítreo
Authors: Barrios Fernández Martin , Del Cid Jose Maneul
Published: September 2021

Antecedentes: El bevacizumab pertenece a una familia de medicamentos que inhiben la acción de los factores endoteliales de crecimiento vascular (VEGF, por sus siglas en inglés) aprobado por la FDA para el tratamiento de varios tipos de cáncer. Es un anticuerpo monoclonal que se une a todas las isoformas del VEGF evitando que la molécula se una a su receptor y active sus vías efectoras, disminuyendo así la proliferación de nuevos vasos inestables que por medio de fugas y rupturas que causan la acumulación de líquido en el espacio subrretiniano. Se ha utilizado de manera off-label para el tratamiento de las patologías proliferativas de la retina o coroides, con resultados prometedores. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de la administración de 3 dosis de bevacizumab intravítreo sobre el grosor macular central medido por tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT) después de 1 mes. Establecer una base de datos de las características epidemiológicas de los pacientes – edad, género, indicación de tratamiento, historia de diabetes e historia familiar de ceguera – y la respuesta al tratamiento con bevacizumab intravítreo. Metodología: Es un estudio cuasi-experimental retrospectivo de antes y después de una intervención. Se revisaron 261 expedientes clínicos para obtener los datos generales del paciente así como la medida de grosor macular central antes y 1 mes después de la administración de bevacizumab intravítreo por cualquier indicación. Los resultados luego fueron comparados utilizando la prueba T de Student para la diferencia de dos medias. Resultados: Al analizar a toda la población del estudio, se obtuvo una reducción de grosor macular central antes y después de la administración de bevacizumab de 19% (p < 0.0001). Esta diferencia no se observó en todos los grupos de pacientes al compararlos según la indicación de tratamiento. Conclusión: Se pudo observar un cambio significativo en la reducción del grosor macular central tras la administración de 3 dosis de bevacizumab intravítreo.
Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Posyandu Balita pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 sebagai Upaya Pemenuhan Hak Balita sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No 4 Tahun 2019
Authors: Artanti Swasti , Meikawati Pedvin Ratna
Published: September 2021

One of the efforts to produce quality human resources (HR) is to reduce morbidity and mortality of children under five. The development of the quality of human resources by optimizing the potential for growth and development of children can be carried out evenly, if a community-based health service system such as posyandu can be carried out effectively and efficiently and can reach all targets that need services such as child growth and development, pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers and postpartum mothers. . Posyandu is a form of Community Based Health Efforts (UKBM) which is managed and organized from, by for and with the community in the implementation of health development, in order to empower the community and provide convenience to the community in obtaining basic health services to accelerate the reduction of maternal and infant mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between mother's level of knowledge and age of toddlers with visits by mothers with toddlers to the new normal era posyandu in Pekalongan city. This research was conducted using a descriptive correlative research method with a cross sectional approach, sampling with a saturated sampling technique with a total of 37 mothers who have toddlers 1-5 years. The instrument used was a questionnaire sheet and the analysis used was Chi Square statistical test. Based on the results of univariate analysis, most of the children who visited the posyandu were aged 3 years, namely 10 children (31.2%), with parental education as many as 22 respondents (68.8%) having higher education (PT), dominated by working parents as many as 24 children (75%). A total of 25 respondents (78.1%) visited the posyandu regularly and most of the respondents had a good level of knowledge, as many as 29 respondents (20%). The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was no relationship between children's age and posyandu visits (p value 0.217) and there was a relationship between parents' knowledge level and posyandu visits (p value 0.002). It is hoped that parents who have children aged 1-5 years will continue to routinely bring their children to the posyandu in the new normal era even though they still apply health protocols.
Uutisvuon hallitsija
Authors: Seuri Olli , Era Riikka , Koivunen Anu , Janicki Maciej , Toivanen Pihla , Hokkanen Julius , Mäkelä Eetu
Published: September 2021

Poliittisen viestinnän ja julkisuuden muutosta on kuvattu siirtymänä hybridiin mediajärjestelmään, jolle on ominaista erilaisten toimintalogiikoiden sekoittuminen ja toimijoiden välisten rajojen hämärtyminen sisältöjen loputtomassa virrassa. Tässä artikkelissa selvitetään, miten suomalainen media (STT, Helsingin Sanomat, Iltalehti ja Yle) liikutti vallan virtoja kilpailukykysopimusta koskevassa kamppailussa vuosina 2015–2016 antamalla äänen eri toimijoille. Tutkimus osoittaa, että työmarkkinakontekstissa uutisointi on mediajärjestelmän muutoksista huolimatta hyvin perinteistä. Empiria vahvistaa eliittilähteiden ylivallan ja institutionaalisten valtapositioiden merkityksen: hallitus ja ay-liike ovat kiky-uutisoinnissa selkeitä päätoimijoita, kun taas työnantajajärjestöt, oppositio ja ulkopuoliset asiantuntijat jäävät sivutoimijoiksi, eivätkä kansalaiset juuri pääse ääneen. Hybridin mediajärjestelmän vaikutuksesta voi kuitenkin nähdä viitteitä siinä, miten media antaa toimijoille äänen. Tutkimus osoittaa, että vain yhtä toimijaa lainaavat jutut (monologit) ovat paljon yleisempiä kuin kahta tai useampaa lähdettä siteeraavat jutut. Perinteisen median valta onkin uutisvuon hallinnan valtaa eli yksittäisten toimijoiden puhetekojen rytmittämistä ja kokoamista, joka ei välttämättä ole muodoltaan paljon sen dialogisempaa kuin sosiaalisen median uutisvirta. Se kuitenkin toistaiseksi kokoaa yhteen institutionaaliset valtapelurit, mikä legitimoi sen aseman keskeisenä politiikan näyttämönä.
Tipula (Vestiplex) from Yunnan and Tibet, China: one new species and redescriptions of five known species (Diptera: Tipulidae)
Authors: Men Qiu-Lei , Starkevich Pavel , He Li-Fan , Shi Jian-Xiong , Shi Mei-Ying , Zhang Zhong-Xin , Hu Jia-Hui , Chen An , Zhang Yi-Xue
Published: September 2021

A new crane fly species Tipula (Vestiplex) lushuiensis Men & Starkevich, sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on materials collected in Yunnan and Tibet, China. Tipula (V.) alyxis Alexander, 1963, T. (V.) guibifida Yang & Yang, 1992, T. (V.) himalayensis Brunetti, 1911, T. (V.) quasimarmoratipennis Brunetti, 1912 and T. (V.) reposita Walker, 1848 are redescribed and illustrated based on additional morphological characters. Tipula (V.) quasimarmoratipennis and T. (V.) reposita are listed as new records for the Chinese fauna. Male of T. (V.) quasimarmoratipennis and females of T. (V.) alyxis, T. (V.) guibifida and T. (V.) himalayensis are illustrated for the first time.
Cobot sichert dritte Schicht
Authors: Alboni Andrea
Published: September 2021

In der Nacht, wenn die Produktionsmitarbeiter von Thales Deutschland längst in ihren Betten liegen, herrscht rege Betriebsamkeit im Fertigungswerk: Dann hat ein kollaborierender Roboter die dritte Schicht an einer CNC-Maschine des Weltmarktführers für Wanderfeldröhren-Verstärker übernommen.
Die elektrische Sole/ Wasser-Wärmepumpe mit Erdwärmekollektoren
Authors: Vogel Hans-Herbert
Published: September 2021

Zurückgreifend auf das Teillastmodell (HLH Bd. 72 (2021) Nr. 5) und das Simulationsmodell „Erdwärmekollektoren“ von Glück [1] werden im zweiten Teil des Fachbeitrages die Simulationsergebnisse für lehmhaltiges sandiges Erdreich mit 10 Vol.-% Wasser für die Standorte Bremerhaven, Kassel und Mühldorf vorgestellt.
Fortluftansaugung mit der Außenluft in Chemielaboren
Authors: Fitzner Klaus
Published: September 2021

Bei Gebäuden mit Raumlufttechnischen Anlagen lässt es sich nicht immer vermeiden, dass ein Teil der Fortluft von den Außenluftöffnungen wieder angesaugt wird. Bei Chemiegebäuden ist dies besonders unerwünscht. Dennoch geschieht es heute häufiger als früher, weil die Laborabzüge verbessert wurden. Sie arbeiten mit geringeren Luftvolumenströmen, dadurch wird die Konzentration unangenehmer Stoffe in der Fortluft höher und das Wiederansaugen somit problematischer. Deshalb ist es angebracht, schon beim Entwurf des Gebäudes zu ermitteln, wie das Ansaugen der Fortluft auf ein Minimum reduziert werden kann. Dazu gibt es verschiedene Methoden.
Din Görevlilerine Göre Çocuk/Sevgi Evleri’nde Kalan Çocukların Din Eğitimi: Sivas İli Örneği
Authors: GÖGEN Rukiye
Published: September 2021

Çocuk/Sevgi Evleri, çeşitli nedenlerle ailesinde ayrı kalan çocukların devletin gözetiminde barındığı ve eğitim öğretim ihtiyacının karşılandığı kurumlardır. Bu kurumlarda verilen din eğitiminin niteliği, veriliş yöntemleri ve eğitim sürecinde karşılaşılan sorunların çözümü, korunma ihtiyacı olan bu çocukların geleceğe hazırlanması açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Çünkü aile eğitiminden yoksun kalan bu çocuklara mümkün olduğu ölçüde ailenin yokluğunu hissettirmemek ve onları sağlıklı bir şekilde geleceğe hazırlayıp topluma kazandırmak ancak eğitimle mümkündür. Söz konusu çocukların geleceğe donanımlı bir şekilde hazırlanması sürecinde genel eğitim yanında din eğitiminin de önemli bir rolü vardır. Çünkü din eğitimi, bireyin kendini tanıması, inanç ve değerler konusunda bilgi sahibi olması, hayatı anlamlandırması, ahlaki gelişim ve topluma uyum sağlama konusunda gerekli olgunluğa sahip olması açısından son derece önemlidir. Bu çocukların din eğitimine olan ihtiyacı, onlara verilen din eğitiminin niteliğini ve bu eğitimi veren din görevlilerinin yeterliliğini daha da önemli hale getirmektedir. İşte bu araştırmanın amacı, çeşitli nedenlerle ailelerinden ayrı kalarak korunmaya muhtaç hale gelen ve Çocuk/Sevgi Evleri’nde yaşamak durumunda kalan çocukların din eğitimi konusunda din görevlilerinin görüşlerini incelemek ve bu görüşlerden yararlanarak Çocuk/Sevgi Evlerinde verilen din eğitiminin kalitesini artırmaya yönelik bazı değerlendirmelerde bulunmaktır. Araştırma kapsamında Sivas Çocuk ve Sevgi Evleri’nde çalışan din görevlilerinden yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme (mülakat) tekniği ile araştırmanın verileri elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, Sivas Çocuk/Sevgi Evleri’nde çalışan 18 din görevlisi oluşturmaktadır. Bu din görevlileri, 17 Çocuk Evi, 5 Sevgi Evi ve 1 de Çocuk Evleri Sitesi’nde kalan toplam 108 çocuğa eğitim ve rehberlik hizmeti sunmaktadır. Araştırmada kimlik bilgileri gizli tutulan din görevlilerine; bu kurumlarda verilen eğitim konusunda yeterliliklerine, çocuklara verilen din eğitiminin zorluklarına, katkılarına, daha iyi bir din eğitimi verilebilmesi için önerilerine dair yüz yüze sorular sorulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, bu evlerde kalan çocuklara din eğitimi veren din görevlilerinin mesleki açıdan tecrübeli olduğu ancak çocuk eğitimi konusunda yeterli donanıma sahip olmadığı tespitine ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında ulaşılan bir diğer önemli sonuç ise Çocuk/Sevgi Evleri’nde verilen din eğitiminin çocuklar üzerinde olumlu etki bırakarak onların dini konulardaki yanlış inanç ve düşüncelerini değiştirdiği, geleceğe umutla bakmalarını sağladığı, ibadet ve ahlaki konularda dine uygun yaşama bilinci oluşturduğudur. Bu tespitlerden anlaşılacağı gibi, Çocuk/Sevgi Evlerinde görev yapan idarecilerin, uzmanların, eğitimcilerin, ev annelerinin ve diğer görevlilerin özenle seçilmesi ve bu evlerde verilen eğitimin niteliğini artırmaya yönelik çalışmaların süreklilik arz etmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır.
An ABC Optimized Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control Strategy for Full Vehicle Active Suspension System
Authors: Abdul Zahra Atheel , Abdalla Turki
Published: September 2021

This work presents a Fuzzy based adaptive Sliding Mode Control scheme to deal with the control problem of full vehicle active suspension system and take into consideration the nonlinearities of the spring and damper, unmodeled dynamics as well as external disturbances. The control law of fuzzy-based Adaptive Sliding Mode Control scheme will update the parameters of fuzzy sliding mode control by using the stability analysis of Lyapunov criteria such that the convergence infinite time and the stability of the closed-loop is ensured. The proposed control scheme consists of four similar subsystems used for the four sides of the vehicle. The sub-control scheme contains two loops, the outer loop is built using a sliding mode controller with a fuzzy estimator to approximate and estimate the unknown parameters in the system. In the inner loop, a controller of type Fractional Order PID (FOPID) is utilized to create the required actuator force. All parameters in the four sub-control schemes are optimized utilizing Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm in order to improve the performance. The results indicate the effectiveness and good achievement of the proposed controller in providing the best ability to limit the vibration with good robustness properties in comparison with passive suspension system and using sliding mode control method. The controlled suspension system shows excellent results when it was tested with and without typical breaking and bending torques.
Spitzer Phase-curve Observations and Circulation Models of the Inflated Ultrahot Jupiter WASP-76b
Authors: May Erin M. , Komacek Thaddeus D. , Stevenson Kevin B. , Kempton Eliza M.-R. , Bean Jacob L. , Malik Matej , Ih Jegug , Mansfield Megan , Savel Arjun B. , Deming Drake , Desert Jean-Michel , Feng Y. Katherina , Fortney Jonathan J. , Kataria Tiffany , Lewis Nikole , Morley Caroline , Rauscher Emily , Showman Adam
Published: September 2021

The large radii of many hot Jupiters can only be matched by models that have hot interior adiabats, and recent theoretical work has shown that the interior evolution of hot Jupiters has a significant impact on their atmospheric structure. Due to its inflated radius, low gravity, and ultrahot equilibrium temperature, WASP-76b is an ideal case study for the impact of internal evolution on observable properties. Hot interiors should most strongly affect the nonirradiated side of the planet, and thus full phase-curve observations are critical to ascertain the effect of the interior on the atmospheres of hot Jupiters. In this work, we present the first Spitzer phase-curve observations of WASP-76b. We find that WASP-76b has an ultrahot dayside and relatively cold nightside with brightness temperatures of 2471 ± 27 K/1518 ± 61 K at 3.6 μm and 2699 ± 32 K/1259 ± 44 K at 4.5 μm, respectively. These results provide evidence for a dayside thermal inversion. Both channels exhibit small phase offsets of 0.68 ± 0.°48 at 3.6 μm and 0.67 ± 0.°2 at 4.5 μm. We compare our observations to a suite of general circulation models (GCMs) that consider two endmembers of interior temperature along with a broad range of frictional drag strengths. Strong frictional drag is necessary to match the small phase offsets and cold nightside temperatures observed. From our suite of cloud-free GCMs, we find that only cases with a cold interior can reproduce the cold nightsides and large phase-curve amplitude at 4.5 μm, hinting that the hot interior adiabat of WASP-76b does not significantly impact its atmospheric dynamics or that clouds blanket its nightside.
Speckle Interferometry of Nearby Multiple Stars. II. 2007–2020 Positional Measurements and Orbits of Sixteen Objects
Authors: Mitrofanova A. , Dyachenko V. , Beskakotov A. , Balega Yu. , Maksimov A. , Rastegaev D.
Published: September 2021

Long-term monitoring at the 6 m telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences made it possible to improve the orbits of 15 objects (HIP 689, HIP 3951, HIP 10438, HIP 43948, HIP 69962, HIP 95995, HIP 102029, HIP 102357, HIP 104383, HIP 105947, HIP 106255, HIP 108917, HIP 111546, HIP 113726, HIP 114922) and construct an orbital solution for HIP 65327 for the first time. Observations have been carried out since 2007; that is, the accumulated data correspond to an interval of 13 yr. As a result, most of the orbits were classified as “accurate” using the qualitative criteria by Worley & Heintz. A comparison of the mass sums and masses of the components calculated by two independent methods was made for objects with orbital solutions. The Gaia EDR3 parallax was used to obtain the fundamental parameters, as well as the Hipparcos and Gaia DR2 parallaxes.
GRIT: A Package for Structure-Preserving Simulations of Gravitationally Interacting Rigid Bodies
Authors: Chen Renyi , Li Gongjie , Tao Molei
Published: September 2021

The spin-orbit coupling of planetary systems plays an important role in the dynamics and habitability of planets. However, symplectic integrators that can accurately simulate not only how orbit affects spin but also how spin affects orbit have not been constructed for general systems. Thus, we develop symplectic Lie-group integrators to simulate systems consisting gravitationally interacting rigid bodies. A user friendly package (GRIT
3

3

https://github.com/GRIT-RBSim/GRIT

) is provided and external forcings, such as tidal interactions, are also included. As a demonstration, this package is applied to Trappist-I. The results show that the differences in transit-timing variations due to spin–orbit coupling could reach a few min in 10-year measurements, and strong planetary perturbations can push Trappist-I f, g and h out of the synchronized states.
SN 2017fgc: A Fast-expanding Type Ia Supernova Exploded in Massive Shell Galaxy NGC 474
Authors: Zeng Xiangyun , Wang Xiaofeng , Esamdin Ali , Pellegrino Craig , Burke Jamison , Stahl Benjamin E. , Zheng WeiKang , Filippenko Alexei V. , Howell D. Andrew , Sand D. J. , Valenti Stefano , Mo Jun , Xi Gaobo , Liu Jialian , Zhang Jujia , Li Wenxiong , Iskandar Abdusamatjan , Zhang Mengfan , Lin Han , Sai Hanna , Xiang Danfeng , Wei Peng , Zhang Tianmeng , Reichart D. E. , Brink Thomas G. , McCully Curtis , Hiramatsu Daichi , Hosseinzadeh Griffin , Jeffers Benjamin T. , Ross Timothy W. , Stegman Samantha , Wang Lifan , Zhang Jicheng , Ma Shuo
Published: September 2021

We present extensive optical photometric and spectroscopic observations of the high-velocity (HV) Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2017fgc, covering the phase from ∼12 days before to ∼389 days after maximum brightness. SN 2017fgc is similar to normal SNe Ia, with an absolute peak magnitude of

M

max

B

≈

−19.32 ± 0.13 mag and a post-peak decline of Δm
15(B) = 1.05 ± 0.07 mag. Its peak bolometric luminosity is derived as (1.32 ± 0.13) × 1043 erg s−1, corresponding to a 56Ni mass of 0.51 ± 0.03 M
⊙. The light curves of SN 2017fgc are found to exhibit excess emission in the UBV bands in the early nebular phase and pronounced secondary shoulder/maximum features in the RrIi bands. Its spectral evolution is similar to that of HV SNe Ia, with a maximum-light Si ii velocity of 15,000 ± 150 km s−1 and a post-peak velocity gradient of ∼120 ± 10 km s−1 day−1. The Fe ii and Mg ii lines blended near 4300 Å and the Fe ii, Si ii, and Fe iii lines blended near 4800 Å are obviously stronger than those of normal SNe Ia. Inspecting a large sample reveals that the strength of the two blends in the spectra, and the secondary peak in the i/r-band light curves, are found to be positively correlated with the maximum-light Si ii velocity. Such correlations indicate that HV SNe Ia may experience more complete burning in the ejecta and/or that their progenitors have higher metallicity. Examining the birthplace environment of SN 2017fgc suggests that it likely arose from a stellar environment with young and high-metallicity populations.
Detection of a Low-frequency Quasi-periodic Oscillation in the Soft State of Cygnus X-1 with Insight-HXMT
Authors: Yan Zhen , Rapisarda Stefano , Yu Wenfei
Published: September 2021

We report the detection of a short-lived narrow quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) at ∼88 mHz in an Insight-HXMT exposure during the soft state of the persistent black hole high-mass X-ray binary Cygnus X-1. This QPO is significantly detected in all three instruments of Insight-HXMT, so in the broad energy range 1–250 keV. The fractional rms of the QPO does not show significant variations above 3 keV (∼5%) while it decreases at lower energy (∼2%). We show that this QPO is different from the type-A, -B, and -C QPOs usually observed in black hole X-ray binaries. We compare QPOs at similar frequencies that have been previously detected in other persistent high-mass X-ray binaries in the soft state; we speculate that such QPOs might relate to some local inhomogeneity rarely formed in the accretion flow of wind-fed accretion systems.
Implications of Flat Optically Thick Microwave Spectra in Solar Flares for Source Size and Morphology
Authors: Shaik Shaheda Begum , Gary Dale E.
Published: September 2021

The study aims to examine the spectral dynamics of the low-frequency, optically thick gyrosynchrotron microwave emission in solar flares to determine the characteristics of the emitting source. We present the high-resolution spectra of a set of microwave bursts observed by the Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array (EOVSA) during its commissioning phase in the 2.5–18 GHz frequency range with 1 second time resolution. Out of the 12 events analyzed in this study, nine bursts exhibit a direct decrease with time in the optically thick spectral index α

l
, an indicator of source morphology. Particularly, five bursts display a “flat” spectrum (α

l
≤ 1.0) compared to that expected for a homogeneous/uniform source (α

l
≈ 2.9). These flat spectra at low frequencies (<10 GHz) can be defined as the emission from a spatially inhomogeneous source with a large area and/or with multiple emission components. In a subset of six events with partial cross-correlation data, both the events with flat spectra show a source size of ∼120″ at 2.6–3 GHz. Modeling based on inhomogeneity supports the conclusion that multiple discrete sources can only reproduce a flat spectrum. We report that these flat spectra appear predominantly in the decay phase and typically grow flatter over the duration in most of the bursts, which indicates an increasing inhomogeneity and complexity of the emitting volume as the flare progresses. This large volume of flare emission filled with the trapped energetic particles is often invisible in other wavelengths, like hard X-rays, presumably due to the collisionless conditions in these regions of low ambient density and magnetic field strength.
Merger or Not: Accounting for Human Biases in Identifying Galactic Merger Signatures
Authors: Lambrides Erini L. , Watts Duncan J. , Chiaberge Marco , Tchernyshyov Kirill , Kirkpatrick Allison , Meyer Eileen T. , Heckman Timothy , Simons Raymond , Amram Oz , Hall Kirsten R. , Long Arianna , Norman Colin
Published: September 2021

Significant galaxy mergers throughout cosmic time play a fundamental role in theories of galaxy evolution. The widespread usage of human classifiers to visually assess whether galaxies are in merging systems remains a fundamental component of many morphology studies. Studies that employ human classifiers usually construct a control sample, and rely on the assumption that the bias introduced by using humans will be evenly applied to all samples. In this work, we test this assumption and develop methods to correct for it. Using the standard binomial statistical methods employed in many morphology studies, we find that the merger fraction, error, and the significance of the difference between two samples are dependent on the intrinsic merger fraction of any given sample. We propose a method of quantifying merger biases of individual human classifiers and incorporate these biases into a full probabilistic model to determine the merger fraction and the probability of an individual galaxy being in a merger. Using 14 simulated human responses and accuracies, we are able to correctly label a galaxy as merger or isolated to within 1% of the truth. Using 14 real human responses on a set of realistic mock galaxy simulation snapshots our model is able to recover the pre-coalesced merger fraction to within 10%. Our method can not only increase the accuracy of studies probing the merger state of galaxies at cosmic noon, but also can be used to construct more accurate training sets in machine-learning studies that use human classified data sets.
On the Role of Solar Wind Expansion as a Source of Whistler Waves: Scattering of Suprathermal Electrons and Heat Flux Regulation in the Inner Heliosphere
Authors: Micera A. , Zhukov A. N. , López R. A. , Boella E. , Tenerani A. , Velli M. , Lapenta G. , Innocenti M. E.
Published: September 2021

The role of solar wind expansion in generating whistler waves is investigated using the EB-iPic3D code, which models solar wind expansion self-consistently within a fully kinetic semi-implicit approach. The simulation is initialized with an electron velocity distribution function modeled after observations of the Parker Solar Probe during its first perihelion at 0.166 au, consisting of a dense core and an antisunward strahl. This distribution function is initially stable with respect to kinetic instabilities. Expansion drives the solar wind into successive regimes where whistler heat flux instabilities are triggered. These instabilities produce sunward whistler waves initially characterized by predominantly oblique propagation with respect to the interplanetary magnetic field. The excited waves interact with the electrons via resonant scattering processes. As a consequence, the strahl pitch angle distribution broadens and its drift velocity reduces. The strahl electrons are scattered in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field, and an electron halo is formed. At a later stage, resonant electron firehose instability is triggered and further affects the electron temperature anisotropy as the solar wind expands. Wave–particle interaction processes are accompanied by a substantial reduction of the solar wind heat flux. The simulated whistler waves are in qualitative agreement with observations in terms of wave frequencies, amplitudes, and propagation angles. Our work proposes an explanation for the observations of oblique and parallel whistler waves in the solar wind. We conclude that solar wind expansion has to be factored in when trying to explain kinetic processes at different heliocentric distances.
Spatially Resolving the Kinematics of the ≲100 μas Quasar Broad-line Region Using Spectroastrometry. II. The First Tentative Detection in a Luminous Quasar at z = 2.3
Authors: Bosco Felix , Hennawi Joseph F. , Stern Jonathan , Pott Jörg-Uwe
Published: September 2021

Direct measurements of the masses of supermassive black holes are key to understanding their growth and constraining their symbiotic relationship to their host galaxies. However, current methods used to directly measure black hole masses in active quasars become challenging or impossible beyond z ≳ 0.2. Spectroastrometry (SA) measures the spatial centroid of an object’s spectrum as a function of wavelength, delivering angular resolution far better than the point-spread function (PSF) for high signal-to-noise ratio observations. We observed the luminous quasar SDSS J212329.47–005052.9 at z = 2.279 with the aim of resolving its ∼100 μas Hα broad emission-line region (BLR) and present the first SA constraints on the size and kinematic structure of the BLR. Using a novel pipeline to extract the SA signal and reliable uncertainties, we achieved a centroiding precision of ≃100 μas, or >2000× smaller than the K-band AO-corrected PSF, yielding a tentative 3.2σ detection of an SA signal from the BLR. Modeling the BLR emission as arising from an inclined rotating disk with a mixture of coherent and random motions we constrain

r

BLR

=

454

−
162

+
565

μ
as

(

3.71

−
1.28

+
4.65

pc

), providing a 95% confidence upper limit on the black hole mass

M

BH

sin

2

i
≤
1.8
×

10

9

M

⊙

. Our results agree with the r
BLR–L relation measured for lower-z quasars but expands its dynamic range by an order of magnitude in luminosity. We did not detect the potentially stronger SA signal from the narrow-line region but discuss in detail why it may be absent. Already with existing instrumentation, SA can deliver ∼6× smaller uncertainties (∼15 μas) than achieved here, enabling ∼10% measurements of supermassive black hole masses in high-z quasars.
Gravitational Wave Backgrounds from Coalescing Black Hole Binaries at Cosmic Dawn: An Upper Bound
Authors: Inayoshi Kohei , Kashiyama Kazumi , Visbal Eli , Haiman Zoltán
Published: September 2021

The successive discoveries of binary merger events by Advanced LIGO-Virgo have been revealing the statistical properties of binary black hole (BBH) populations. A stochastic gravitational wave background (GWB) is a useful tool to probe the cosmological evolution of those compact mergers. In this paper, we study the upper bound on a GWB produced by BBH mergers, whose stellar progenitors dominate the reionization process at the cosmic dawn. Since early reionization by those progenitors yields a high optical depth of the universe inconsistent with the Planck measurements, the cumulative mass density is limited to ρ
⋆ ≲ 107
M
⊙ Mpc−3. Even with this upper bound, the amplitude of a GWB owing to the high-z BBH mergers is expected to be as high as

Ω

gw

≃

1.48

−
1.27

+
1.80

×

10

−
9

at f ≃ 25 Hz, while their merger rate at the present day is consistent or lower than the observed GW event rate. This level of GWB is detectable at the design sensitivity of Advanced LIGO-Virgo and would indicate a major contribution of the high-z BBH population to the local GW events. The spectral index is expected to be substantially flatter than the canonical value of ≃2/3 generically produced by lower-redshift and less-massive BBHs. Moreover, if their mass function is more top heavy than in the local universe, the GWB spectrum is even more skewed toward lower frequencies, which would allow us to extract information on the mass function of merging BBHs at high redshifts.
The Highly Self-absorbed Blazar PKS 1351-018
Authors: Punsly Brian , Frey Sándor , Reynolds Cormac , Marziani Paola , Pushkarev Alexander , Chen Sina , Li Shang , Kharb Preeti
Published: September 2021

PKS 1351-018 at a redshift of z = 3.71 is one of the most luminous, steady synchrotron sources with a luminosity >1047 erg s−1. The synchrotron luminosity does not seem to have varied by more than ∼25% over 35 yr. In order to appreciate this remarkable behavior, if it were at z = 0.5, it would have a flux density at 15 GHz in a range of 110–137 Jy over 11 yr. In spite of this steady behavior, two strong γ-ray flares ≲1049 erg s−1 were detected in 2011 and 2016. There is a blazar-like behavior coexisting with the steady behavior. This study is aimed at elucidating the dual nature of this source. We find that the radio source is extremely compact with a bright core and a steep spectrum secondary component, 12 mas away, that appears to be constant in position and flux density in six epochs from 1995–2018. We estimate that a jet with a time averaged power of (5.2 ± 3.2) × 1045 erg s−1 terminates in this lobe, which is advancing ≳0.9c at a deprojected distance of 1–3 kpc from the central engine. This is the rare case of a young (∼6000 yr), very powerful radio source that is viewed a few degrees from the jet axis. We find evidence of a high velocity (4000 km s−1), high ionization wind emanating from a luminous quasar. The young radio jet appears to experience modest bending as it navigates through the intense quasar environment.
Data-constrained Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation of a Long-duration Eruptive Flare
Authors: Guo Yang , Zhong Ze , Ding M. D. , Chen P. F. , Xia Chun , Keppens Rony
Published: September 2021

We perform a zero-β magnetohydrodynamic simulation for the C7.7 class flare initiated at 01:18 UT on 2011 June 21 using the Message Passing Interface Adaptive Mesh Refinement Versatile Advection Code (MPI-AMRVAC). The initial condition for the simulation involves a flux rope, which we realize through the regularized Biot–Savart laws, whose parameters are constrained by observations from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUVI) on the twin Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO). This data-constrained initial state is then relaxed to a force-free state by the magnetofrictional module in MPI-AMRVAC. The further time-evolving simulation results reproduce the eruption characteristics obtained by SDO/AIA 94 Å, 304 Å, and STEREO/EUVI 304 Å observations fairly well. The simulated flux rope possesses similar eruption direction, height range, and velocity to the observations. In particular, the two phases of slow evolution and fast eruption are reproduced by varying the density distribution in the light of the draining process of the filament material. Our data-constrained simulations also show other advantages, such as a large field of view (about 0.76 R
⊙). We study the twist of the magnetic flux rope and the decay index of the overlying field, and find that in this event, both the magnetic strapping force and the magnetic tension force are sufficiently weaker than the magnetic hoop force, thus allowing the successful eruption of the flux rope. We also find that the anomalous resistivity is necessary to keep the correct morphology of the erupting flux rope.
On the Three-dimensional Structure of Local Molecular Clouds
Authors: Zucker Catherine , Goodman Alyssa , Alves João , Bialy Shmuel , Koch Eric W. , Speagle Joshua S. , Foley Michael M. , Finkbeiner Douglas , Leike Reimar , Enßlin Torsten , Peek Joshua E. G. , Edenhofer Gordian
Published: September 2021

We leverage the 1 pc spatial resolution of the Leike et al. three-dimensional (3D) dust map to characterize the 3D structure of nearby molecular clouds (d ≲ 400 pc). We start by “skeletonizing” the clouds in 3D volume density space to determine their “spines,” which we project on the sky to constrain cloud distances with ≈1% uncertainty. For each cloud, we determine an average radial volume density profile around its 3D spine and fit the profiles using Gaussian and Plummer functions. The radial volume density profiles are well described by a two-component Gaussian function, consistent with clouds having broad, lower-density outer envelopes and narrow, higher-density inner layers. The ratio of the outer to inner envelope widths is ≈3:1. We hypothesize that these two components may be tracing a transition between atomic and diffuse molecular gas or between the unstable and cold neutral medium. Plummer-like models can also provide a good fit, with molecular clouds exhibiting shallow power-law wings with density, n, falling off like n
−2 at large radii. Using Bayesian model selection, we find that parameterizing the clouds’ profiles using a single Gaussian is disfavored. We compare our results with two-dimensional dust extinction maps, finding that the 3D dust recovers the total cloud mass from integrated approaches with fidelity, deviating only at higher levels of extinction (A

V
≳ 2–3 mag). The 3D cloud structure described here will enable comparisons with synthetic clouds generated in simulations, offering unprecedented insight into the origins and fates of molecular clouds in the interstellar medium.
Evaluating and Enhancing Candidate Clocking Systems for CHIME/FRB VLBI Outriggers
Authors: Cary Savannah , Mena-Parra Juan , Leung Calvin , Masui Kiyoshi , Kaczmarek J. F. , Cassanelli Tomas ,   (CHIME/FRB Collaboration)
Published: September 2021

As the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) has become the leading instrument for detecting Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs), CHIME/FRB Outriggers will use very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) to localize FRBs with milliarcsecond precision. The CHIME site uses a passive hydrogen maser frequency standard in order to minimize localization errors due to clock delay. However, not all outrigger stations will have access to a maser. This report presents techniques used to evaluate clocks for use at outrigger sites without a maser. More importantly, the resulting algorithm provides calibration methods for clocks that do not initially meet the stability requirements for VLBI, thus allowing CHIME/FRB Outriggers to remain true to the goal of having milliarcsecond precision.
Un laboratoire pour le futur en train de se faire
Authors: Bureau Marie-Christine , Corsani Antonella , Boro Rodolphe , Guiella Gildas
Published: September 2021

À la fois fablab , espace de co-working et créateur d’activités, WakatLab est un laboratoire d’innovation et de fabrication qui s’efforce de mobiliser la jeunesse burkinabè pour trouver et mettre en œuvre des solutions écologiques aux problèmes économiques, partager les connaissances, collaborer avec les autres initiatives similaires de l’Afrique de l’Ouest et accroître in fine l’autonomie technologique de cette région. À défaut d’une véritable écriture collective, empêchée par les contraintes de la crise sanitaire de la covid-19, ce texte a été rédigé sur la base d’échanges de courriels avec Gildas Guiella et Rodolphe Boro, membres fondateurs du WakatLab 1 .
Un espace écologico-social d’expérimentation collective
Authors: habitants du Bel-Air  , Sternberg Alice
Published: September 2021

Sur un terrain d’une quinzaine d’hectares, avec deux maisons communes pour les repas et les moments à plusieurs, des habitats légers (yourtes, cabane, caravanes, etc.), des véhicules et des outils mutualisés, la communauté du Bel-Air cultive le vivre ensemble, aspire à l’autonomie alimentaire et énergétique, pratique une économie symbiotique et prête une attention toute particulière à la dimension spirituelle et interpersonnelle de l’écologie. Elle propose des stages, des ateliers , des formations, des retraites, des chantiers, etc., et promeut toute sorte d’événements culturels et artistiques 1 .
Quelle est l’importance de l’identité professionnelle dans l’élaboration des stratégies d’attractivité territoriale ? Le cas des relations dyadiques de travail entre les métropoles et les régions françaises
Authors: Carmouze Laura , Serval Sarah , Alaux Christophe
Published: September 2021

Cet article a pour objectif de comprendre les différentes formes de relations inter-organisationnelles dyadiques entre les métropoles et les régions françaises, dans le cadre de la définition de leurs stratégies d’attractivité territoriale. Nous analysons le degré d’implication des relations inter-organisationnelles en fonction des leviers institutionnels et organisationnels que peuvent actionner les managers territoriaux, en ajoutant les leviers individuels à travers l’identité professionnelle. L’originalité de cette recherche tient au contexte des relations inter-organisationnelles contraintes par la loi. À travers l’étude de quatre relations métropole-région, les résultats nous permettent d’améliorer le continuum des relations inter-organisationnelles en substituant l’interaction à l’absence de relation. Enfin, nous mettons en lumière le rôle des leviers individuels, à travers l’identité professionnelle et l’engagement au territoire, passant d’une approche linéaire des relations à une approche dynamique.
Le recours croissant aux enseignant·es contractuel·les : vers un effet papillon ?
Authors: Pons Xavier
Published: September 2021

À première vue, on pourrait considérer que le recours aux enseignant·es contractuel·les ne changerait pas, ou peu, l’enseignement secondaire en France. Non seulement ce phénomène n’est pas récent, mais le statut de titulaire demeure le modèle de recrutement et l’horizon principaux des enseignant·es contractuel·les. Pourtant, l’enquête menée par Xavier Pons sur la gestion des enseignant·es contractuel·les montre en quoi l’augmentation de cette forme d’emploi a des effets organisationnels, professionnels et politiques qui contribuent à transformer le métier. La contractualisation n’est pas une tendance isolée ; elle constitue l’un des rouages d’un ensemble de réformes qui affectent notamment la formation et le recrutement des enseignant·es. Ainsi, Xavier Pons revient sur la néolibéralisation à bas bruit de l’enseignement.
Résister à l’Université néolibérale en Espagne
Authors: García Fernández Javier , Montagnon Marie
Published: September 2021

La crise financière de 2008 a durablement marqué la société espagnole par des années de politiques d’austérité dans les services publics. La formation d’un gouvernement de coalition entre le Parti Socialiste Ouvrier Espagnol (PSOE) et Unidas Podemos en janvier 2020 a suscité l’espoir d’un virage social en Espagne. Javier García Fernández, docteur en études postcoloniales de l’Université de Coimbra (Portugal), auteur du livre Descolonizar Europa: Ensayos para pensar históricamente desde el sur , est actuellement secrétaire à la formation du Syndicat Andalou des Travailleurs et Travailleuses. Il revient dans cet entretien sur le processus de privatisation de l’université publique espagnole dans le cadre des politiques d’harmonisation de l’enseignement supérieur impulsées par l’Union européenne avec le « plan Bologne ». Il détaille les effets néfastes de la précarisation croissante des enseignant·es et d’une concurrence exacerbée entre chercheur·es, ainsi que les inégalités durablement ancrées dans le monde universitaire espagnol, notamment les inégalités de genre. À partir des résistances syndicales andalouses à la privatisation de ce service public, il retrace aussi plus largement le rôle clé du monde universitaire dans les reconfigurations de la gauche espagnole au cours de la dernière décennie.
Le recours à l’établissement spécialisé : un usage ségrégant du handicap
Authors: Dupont Hugo
Published: September 2021

Qu’est-ce qui distingue un élève « déviant » d’un élève « en situation de handicap psychique » ? Qu’est-ce qui distingue un élève coupable d’un mauvais comportement, d’un élève victime, en souffrance, incapable de suivre une scolarité ordinaire ? Hugo Dupont montre que le passage d’un registre à l’autre est ce qui permet de légitimer une orientation spécialisée, autrement dit l’exil scolaire de certains élèves vers un établissement hors scolarisation ordinaire. Ici, l’externalisation de l’accompagnement et la médicalisation de problèmes socio-éducatifs permettent de préserver un ordre et une norme scolaires, préservation qui fait obstacle à la flexibilité qu’impliquerait une école réellement inclusive.