bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D reconstruction identifies loci linked to variation in angle of individual sorghum leaves
Authors: Tross Michael C. , Gaillard Mathieu , Zwiener Mackenzie , Miao Chenyong , Grove Ryleigh J. , Li Bosheng , Benes Bedrich , Schnable James C.
Published: December 2021

Selection for yield at high planting density has reshaped the leaf canopy of maize, improving photosynthetic productivity in high density settings. Further optimization of canopy architecture may be possible. However, measuring leaf angles, the widely studied component trait of leaf canopy architecture, by hand is a labor and time intensive process. Here, we use multiple, calibrated, 2D images to reconstruct the 3D geometry of individual sorghum plants using a voxel carving based algorithm. Automatic skeletonization and segmentation of these 3D geometries enable quantification of the angle of each leaf for each plant. The resulting measurements are both heritable and correlated with manually collected leaf angles. This automated and scaleable reconstruction approach was employed to measure leaf-by-leaf angles for a population of 366 sorghum plants at multiple time points, resulting in 971 successful reconstructions and 3,376 leaf angle measurements from individual leaves. A genome wide association study conducted using aggregated leaf angle data identified a known large effect leaf angle gene, several previously identified leaf angle QTL from a sorghum NAM population, and novel signals. Genome wide association studies conducted separately for three individual sorghum leaves identified a number of the same signals, a previously unreported signal shared across multiple leaves, and signals near the sorghum orthologs of two maize genes known to influence leaf angle. Automated measurement of individual leaves and mapping variants associated with leaf angle reduce the barriers to engineering ideal canopy architectures in sorghum and other grain crops.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of SPX-domain-containing protein gene family in Solanum lycopersicum
Authors: Li Chunwei , You Qiuye , Zhao Panfeng
Published: December 2021

The SYG1, PHO81, and XPR1 (SPX) domain is named after the suppressor of yeast gpa1 (Syg1), yeast phosphatase (Pho81) and the human Xenotropic and Polytrophic Retrovirus receptor1 (XPR1). SPX-domain-containing proteins play pivotal roles in maintaining phosphate ions (Pi) homeostasis in plant. This study was to genome-wide identification and analysis of Solanum lycopersicum SPX-domain-containing protein gene family. The Solanum lycopersicum genome contains 19 SPX-domain-containing protein genes. These SPX-domain-containing protein genes were located in seven of the 12 chromosomes. According to the different conserved domains, the proteins encoded by those genes could be divided into four SPX-domain-containing protein families, which included SPX Family, SPX-ERD1/XPR1/SYG1(SPX-EXS) Family, SPX-Major Facilitator Superfamily (SPX-MFS) Family and SPX-Really Interesting New Gene (SPX-RING) Family. Phylogenetic analysis of SPX-domain-containing protein genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, Solanum tuberosum, Capsicum annuum and Solanum lycopersicum classified these genes into eight clades. Expression profiles derived from transcriptome (RNA-seq) data analysis showed 19 SPX-domain-containing protein genes displayed various expression patterns. SPX-domain-containing protein may play different roles in phosphate nutrition of Solanum lycopersicum different tissues and development stages. And, this study can provide the selection of candidate genes for functional research and genome editing in Solanum lycopersicum phosphate ions (Pi) nutrition.
Differential expression profiles of microRNAs in musk gland of unmated and mated forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii)
Authors: Jie Hang , Xu Zhongxian , Gao Jian , Li Feng , Chen Yinglian , Zeng Dejun , Zhao Guijun , Li Diyan
Published: December 2021

Background

The formation of musk is a complex biophysical and biochemical process that change with the rut of male forest musk deer. We have reported that the mating status of male forest musk deer might result to the variations of chemical composition and microbiota of musk and its yields. Critical roles for microRNAs (miRNAs) of multi-tissues were profiled in our previous study; however, the role for miRNAs of the musk gland remains unclear in this species.

Methods

In this study, we used Illumina deep sequencing technology to sequence the small RNA transcriptome of unmated male (UM) and mated male (UM) of Chinese forest musk deer.

Results

We identified 1,652 known miRNAs and 45 novel miRNAs, of which there were 174 differentially expressed miRNAs between UM and MM. chi-miR-21-5p, ipu-miR-99b and bta-miR-26a were up-regulated in UM among the 10 most differentially expressed miRNAs. Functional enrichment of the target genes showed that monosaccharide biosynthetic process, protein targeting, cellular protein catabolic process enriched higher in MM. Meanwhile, structural molecule activity, secretion by cell, regulated exocytosis and circulatory system process enriched more in UM, hinting that the formation of musk in UM was mediated by target genes related to exocytosis. The miRNA-mRNA pairs such as miR-21: CHD7, miR143: HSD17B7, miR-141/200a: Noc2 might involve in musk gland development and musk secretion, which need to be verified in future study.
A Numerical Method for Pulse Propagation in Nonlinear Dispersive Optical Media
Authors: Edah Gaston , Goudjo Aurélien , Adetola Jamal , Ayela Marc Amour
Published: December 2021

In this work, the pulse propagation in a nonlinear dispersive optical medium is numerically investigated. The finite difference time-domain scheme of third order and periodic boundary conditions are used to solve generalized nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation governing the propagation of the pulse. As a result a discrete system of ordinary differerential equations is obtained and solved numerically by fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm. Varied input ultrashort laser pulses are used. Accurate results of the solutions are obtained and the comparison with other results is excellent.
Entropic Information Theory: Formulae and Quantum Gravity Bits from Bit
Authors: Denis Olivier
Published: December 2021

We show here that entropic information is capable of unifying all aspects of the universe at all scales in a coherent and global theoretical mathematical framework materialized by entropic information framework, theory and formulas, where dark matter, dark energy and gravity are truly informationals processes and where information is code and code is what creates the process, it is itself the process. Mass, energy and movement of information are respectively dark matter, dark energy, and gravity. Here, we reconcile general relativity and quantum mechanics by introducing quantum gravity for the Planckian scale. The formulas of entropic information are expressed in natural units, physical units of measurement based only on universal constants, constants, which refer to the basic structure of the laws of physics:  C and G are part of the structure of space-time in general relativity, and h captures the relationship between energy and frequency that is the basis of quantum mechanics. Here we show that entropic information formulas are able to present entropic information in various unifying aspects and introduce gravity at the Planck scale. We prove that Entropic information theory is thus building the bridge between general relativity and quantum mechanics
Teoria da Entidade versus Teoria dos Fundos: uma análise da evidenciação das demonstrações financeiras de uma organização sem fins lucrativos
Authors: Santana Gislaine Aparecida , Colauto Romualdo Douglas , Paula Cleberson Luiz Santos de , Oliveira Gideão José Pinto
Published: December 2021

As associações sem finalidade lucrativa não possuem legislação específica para evidenciação de suas Demonstrações Financeiras (DFs) e por isso, são obrigadas a prepará-las conforme as normas para as organizações com finalidades lucrativas. Como a totalidade das rendas arrecadas pelas organizações sem fins lucrativos possui destinação específica, a utilização da teoria dos fundos para evidenciação das DFs pode tornar-se a mais adequada para este tipo de entidade. Assim, objetivou-se com este artigo demonstrar a evidenciação do Patrimônio Líquido em uma organização sem fins lucrativos sob a ótica da Teoria dos Fundos. A pesquisa caracterizada como exploratória, buscou converter as DFs de uma organização sem finalidade lucrativa, elaboradas de acordo com a Teoria da Entidade, em DFs elaboradas segundo os princípios da Teoria dos Fundos. O modelo de DFs utilizado no estudo encontra respaldo no Pronunciamento SFAS 117 do American Institute of Certified Public Accountants de 1993, o qual identifica se os recursos arrecadados apresentam restrições temporárias, permanentes ou nenhum tipo de restrição de uso pela organização. Os resultados mostram que a conversão permite ao usuário das informações contábeis identificar o patrimônio da organização de acordo com a sua finalidade e/ou restrição. Desse modo, a organização em estudo apresentou um patrimônio quase em sua totalidade com característica de restrição de uso. Além de revelar um superávit consolidado no Resultado do Exercício pelo modelo da Teoria da Entidade e um déficit quando segregado por fundos.
GESTÃO DE CAPITAL DE GIRO LÍQUIDO E DE FLUXO DE CAIXA EM RISCO DE EMPRESAS DE BENS INDUSTRIAIS LISTADAS NA BMF& BOVESPA
Authors: Oliveira Abdinardo Moreira Barreto de , Ramalho Rodrigo de Oliveira , Moura André Aroldo Freitas de
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho de empresas brasileiras de bens industriais quanto à gestão de capital de giro líquido e quanto à capacidade de geração de caixa em risco, haja vista que estas temáticas estão intrinsecamente associadas e que seu bom gerenciamento é condição necessária para a manutenção da sustentabilidade financeira organizacional. Neste intuito, foi realizado um levantamento com nove empresas listadas na BMF&BOVESPA, dentre uma população de 16 companhias. Foram coletados 47 relatórios contábeis trimestrais por empresa entre 1999 e 2010, onde os dados foram formatados de acordo com as orientações de Fleuriet, Kehdy e Blanc (2003) e do método indireto de fluxo de caixa (GITMAN, 2004). A análise dos dados procedeu-se através de estatística descritiva, teste não-paramétrico Kruskal-Wallis, regressão linear e simulação de Monte Carlo para o cálculo do risco. Quanto à gestão do capital de giro líquido, foi verificado que as empresas possuem dificuldades para financiar e gerenciar seu capital de giro líquido, cujas chances de solvência são de 17%, de inadimplência são 51% e de insolvência são de 32%. Quanto à gestão de caixa, a maioria das empresas têm chances superiores a 50% de terem fluxos de caixa positivos, ainda que o risco da não ocorrência esteja entre 34% e 50 %. Comentários adicionais estão no final do artigo.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE OS RANKINGS FORMADOS PELOS INDICADORES SOCIOAMBIENTAIS E OS ECONÔMICO-FINANCEIROS DAS EMPRESAS DISTRIBUIDORAS DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA
Authors: Kaveski Itzhak David Simão , Martins José Augusto Sousa , Hein Nelson
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o grau de relacionamento entre os rankings formados pelos indicadores econômico-financeiros e socioambientais das empresas distribuidoras de energia elétrica, filiadas ao Operador Nacional do Sistema Elétrico (ONS). A população e a amostra deste estudo é composta por empresas do setor de distribuidoras de energia elétrica, filiadas ao Operador Nacional do Sistema Elétrico (ONS), no período de 2011. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o método multicritério para tomada de decisão VIKOR e correlação de Kendall. Os resultados desta pesquisa indicam que as empresas ocupam posições semelhantes nos rankings econômico-financeiros e socioambientais. A correlação de Kendall demonstrou uma relação positivamente significante entre os rankings, apoiando a ideia de que empresas distribuidores de energia elétrica com altos desempenhos econômico-financeiros, possuem maiores responsabilidades socioambientais.
CONTABILIDADE E SUSTENTABILIDADE: UMA ANÁLISE DOS ARTIGOS PUBLICADOS EM PERIÓDICOS QUALIS NO PERÍODO DE 2007 A 2011
Authors: Reis Luciano Gomes dos , Tarifa Marcelo Resquetti
Published: December 2021

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar junto aos periódicos nacionais da área contábil referenciadas pelo QUALIS-CAPES as publicações relativas à área de sustentabilidade ambiental no período de 2007 a 2011 sob a ótica bibliométrica. Como objetivo secundário, observou-se se a crise mundial de 2008 influenciou negativamente a quantidade de produção na temática de sustentabilidade ambiental. Na metodologia aplicada à pesquisa, a caracterização voltou-se a um estudo descritivo com a utilização de pesquisa bibliográfica, bem como abordagem quali-quanti em relação à problemática principal. De acordo com a investigação, concluiu-se que em apenas 5,26% dos 1179 artigos analisados a temática de sustentabilidade ambiental é abordada, sendo que os estudos mais explorados tratam da evidenciação/evidenciação ambiental e contabilidade ambiental. Pôde-se verificar também que a crise financeira mundial de 2008 não provocou impacto negativo nas produções sobre o tema, tendo em vista o ápice das publicações ter ocorrido no ano de 2010. No campo bibliométrico, os 62 artigos apresentaram predominância metodológica de estudos qualitativos quanto ao método, documentais quanto à estratégia, análises documentais quanto à técnica e, por fim, descritivos e exploratórios quanto ao tipo de pesquisa.
Avaliação de Desempenho: Percepção dos Auditores Independentes na Aferição Da Remuneração
Authors: Anjos Luiz Carlos Marques dos , Tavares Márcia Ferreira Neves , Silva José Dionísio Gomes da
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é evidenciar a percepção dos auditores em relação aos critérios utilizados para aferição da sua remuneração. Para tanto foi elaborado um questionário estruturado através da plataforma Google docs que foi disponibilizado para auditores de 7 diferentes escritórios de auditoria entre os meses de maio e junho de 2013. O tratamento estatístico remete a análise descritiva dos dados obtidos na pesquisa de campo, com base na utilização de medidas de posição e dispersão. Foram utilizadas ainda tabelas de contingência para analisar comportamentos de indivíduos em variáveis distintas. A amostra foi composta por 17 indivíduos componentes dos diversos cargos hierárquicos da carreira de auditor independente. A análise dos resultados evidenciou que auditores que investem mais tempo em reuniões com pares também desejam ser remunerados pelo resultado da equipe e que as informações contábeis não são utilizadas para avaliar os esforços da maior parte dos auditores. Verificou-se ainda que a existência de fatores incontroláveis impulsiona os respondentes a reconhecerem a necessidade do uso da subjetividade em suas avaliações de desempenho. Conclui-se que não existe consenso entre os respondentes se critérios contábeis deveriam ser utilizados para avaliar desempenho e que o cargo em que o auditor se encontra influencia na sua percepção em relação a critérios de remuneração variável.
A EVOLUÇÃO DOS INDICADORES DE CUSTO POR ALUNO NA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA DE 2002 A 2012 CONFORME METODOLOGIA DO TCU
Authors: Campagnoni Mariana , Platt Neto Orion Augusto
Published: December 2021

As Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES) brasileiras têm apresentado desde 2002 uma sequência de nove de indicadores de gestão propostos pelo Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU) por meio da Decisão TCU n.º 408/2002. O foco desta pesquisa concentra-se no primeiro indicador – custo corrente / aluno equivalente – que a partir de 2006 passou a ser apresentado de duas formas: com e sem custos do Hospital Universitário (HU). Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a evolução e considerações sobre os indicadores de custo por aluno da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) com base na metodologia do TCU entre os anos de 2002 e 2012, considerando os efeitos inflacionários e a influência das variáveis envolvidas. Quanto à abordagem do problema, a pesquisa é qualitativa e quantitativa; em relação aos objetivos, trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva. Foi procedida a uma pesquisa documental com base em dados reais contidos nos Relatórios de Gestão (RG) da UFSC de 2003 a 2012. No período, observou-se uma elevação nos custos evidenciados pelos indicadores, causada principalmente pelo aumento dos custos correntes totais com e sem HU, considerando que não houve uma variação significativa no número de alunos equivalentes.
O CONTROLE INTERNO MUNICIPAL SOB A ÓTICA DO CONTROLE EXTERNO
Authors: Piccoli Marcio Roberto , Balestrin Rubiana Suelen , Rover Ardinete
Published: December 2021

A pesquisa tem por objetivo, identificar quais os apontamentos e observações realizadas pelo Tribunal de Contas de Santa Catarina em relação à atuação dos controles internos dos Municípios de Joaçaba, Luzerna e Herval do Oeste, a partir da coleta de dados documental das prestações de contas dos anos de 2009 a 2011, elaboradas pelo Tribunal de Contas de Santa Catarina. A pesquisa teve conclusões, que todos os municípios deixaram de cumprir em tempo hábil o envio do relatório do Controle Interno ao TCE/SC em algum período dentre àqueles em análise, com especial destaque para o município de Herval do Oeste. Todos os municípios possuem alguma restrição apontada pelo Controle Externo, sendo Restrições de Ordem Legal, Regulamentar e de Ordem Constitucional. Destes apontamentos, Joaçaba mostrou-se linear quanto sua evolução diante das restrições evidenciadas. Luzerna apresentou um modesto progresso dentre o período em análise. Os apontamentos relativos à Herval do Oeste, não apresentaram qualquer redução quanto ao número de apontamentos realizados pelo TCE/SC, ao contrário, o número de restrições aumentou no decorrer dos períodos analisados. O estudo mostrou que, apesar dos apontamentos, os três municípios receberam parecer favorável pela aprovação de suas prestações de contas, por parte do Controle Externo.
PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NA ÁREA DE PERÍCIA CONTÁBIL: UM ESTUDO BIBLIOMÉTRICO EM PERIÓDICOS NACIONAIS
Authors: Dos Anjos Carlos Eduardo Lima , Macêdo João Marcelo Alves , Pederneiras Marcleide Maria Macedo , Soares Yara Magaly Albano
Published: December 2021

É crescente o número de estudos bibliométricos que buscam analisar a produção e a disseminação do conhecimento em áreas específicas do saber. Este é também um estudo bibliométrico e, como tal, objetivou identificar as características da produção científica sobre perícia contábil, publicada entre os anos de 2000 e 2013, em periódicos listados pela Qualis/CAPES como A1, A2, B1, B2, B3 e B4. Delimitou-se o estudo aos periódicos da área de Administração, Ciências Contábeis e Turismo que possuíssem os termos “contabilidade” ou “contábil” no título. Foram utilizadas as pesquisas descritiva, bibliográfica e bibliométrica, com abordagem quantitativa. Na amostra de 20 artigos encontrados, observou-se que: grande parte dos artigos sobre perícia contábil (40%) encontra-se publicada em periódicos listados pela Qualis/Capes como B3; prevaleceram as pesquisas empíricas (70%); a temática mais abordada foi laudo pericial (7 publicações); predominou a coautoria entre 4 autores (35% dos trabalhos); destacaram-se, em termos de produtividade, Carlos Alberto Serra Negra e Ivam Ricardo Peleias, (3 artigos cada); os autores mais citados foram Martinho Maurício Gomes de Ornelas e Antônio Lopes de Sá (27 e 19 referências, respectivamente); mestres e mestrandos foram quem mais publicaram em perícia (46,15% dos estudos); e livros foram as fontes mais consultadas, com frequência de 45,77% de todas as obras referenciadas. Concluiu-se ser a perícia contábil uma área que precisa de mais interesse por parte de pesquisadores e acadêmicos, bem como estudos com abordagens diferenciadas, que evidenciem a sua importância e explorem-na como parte de uma ciência aplicável e indispensável à sociedade.
Combined maximum b‐value and echo time: A practical method for determining the signal‐to‐noise ratio for magnetic resonance images
Authors: Ohno Naoki , Miyati Tosiaki , Oyabu Hirotaka , Gabata Toshifumi , Kobayashi Satoshi
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The aim of the present study is to develop a simple and practical method for measuring the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of magnetic resonance images called combined maximum b‐value and echo time (COMBET) that could be suitable for pulse sequences to which a diffusion gradient can be applied.

Methods

In the COMBET method, we first obtain a signal image using the objective pulse sequence. Then, we obtain the noise image of this sequence using the diffusion gradient with the largest b‐value and longest echo time. However, other imaging parameters are the same as those used for the signal image acquisition. The SNR is calculated from the mean signal intensity in the region of interest (ROI) of the signal image divided by the signal standard deviation in the ROI of the noise image after the required corrections. We compared SNRs determined using the COMBET and double echo with the longest second echo time (DELSET) methods for single‐shot echo‐planar imaging and fast spin‐echo sequences in white mineral oil phantom, purified water phantom, human head, and upper abdomen. We used the subtraction method as the reference standard.

Results

The COMBET method could obtain the optimal noise image, whereas the DELSET method could not sufficiently suppress the long T2 signal in the purified water phantom, cerebrospinal fluid, and digestive fluid. Therefore, the DELSET method afforded incorrect results for the long T2 regions in the noise and SNR maps, while the COMBET method enabled the in vivo evaluation of the SNR even in the long T2 regions.

Conclusion

The COMBET method allows simple and practical SNR measurement, which is applicable to tissues with long T2 relaxation time.
Large‐Area Organic Solar Modules with Efficiency Over 14%
Authors: Dong Xinyun , Jiang Youyu , Sun Lulu , Qin Fei , Zhou Xianmin , Lu Xin , Wang Wen , Zhou Yinhua
Published: December 2021

It is still challenging to fabricate efficient large‐area organic solar modules by solution processing. Processing window is important to obtain optimal aggregation of an active layer in large area for high efficiency. The star active layer of PM6:Y6 is processed from chloroform (for high efficiency) that has a narrow processing window due to the low boiling point of the solvent. In this work, the correlation between chemical structure (side chains) and processing solvents is investigated to obtain high efficiency and long processing windows. It is found that large side chains on the pyrrole ring are the key factor influencing the aggregation of active layer films. Short side chain (in Y6 and Y6‐1O) will cause excess aggregation when processed from high‐boiling‐point solvent (chlorobenzene, CB), while long side‐chain (in BTP‐BO‐4F, BTP‐BO‐4Cl, and BTP‐eC9) can inhibit such aggregation and maintain high photovoltaic performance when processed from CB with wide processing window. In the end, over 25 cm2 organic solar module via doctor blading based on PM6:BTP‐eC9 active layer has been fabricated with a PCE of 14.07%.
Engineering Complex Anisotropic Scaffolds beyond Simply Uniaxial Alignment for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Xing Jiyao , Liu Ning , Xu Nannan , Chen Wujun , Xing Dongming
Published: December 2021

Anisotropic microarchitectures arising from an aligned organization of threadlike extracellular matrix (ECM) components or cells are ubiquitous in the human body, such as skeletal muscle, corneal stroma, and meniscus, for executing tissue‐specific physiological functions. It is widely recognized that tissue engineering, whereby growing the implanted or endogenous cells in anisotropic scaffolds with geometrical resemblance to the ECM of targeted tissues, represents a promising solution for the structural and functional restoration of these anisotropic tissues. However, remarkable challenges remain in recapitulating the anisotropic complexities of native tissues beyond simply uniaxial alignment. Through unremitting endeavors over the past decade, some innovative bioengineering approaches are developed to tackle these challenges. This review focuses on the recent progress in modular assembly and 3D printing techniques exploited to construct complex anisotropic scaffolds with a key highlight on their accessibility and features for different types of anisotropies, based on understanding the whole picture of anisotropies beyond simply uniaxial alignment in native tissues, which are geometrically divided into three categories. Finally, the applications of these complex scaffolds in anisotropic tissue engineering, either in vitro modeling or in vivo regeneration, are explored.
Targeting Endogenous Hydrogen Peroxide at Bone Defects Promotes Bone Repair
Authors: Li Jiaying , Han Fengxuan , Ma Jinjin , Wang Huan , Pan Jun , Yang Guangbao , Zhao He , Zhao Jiayue , Liu Jinbo , Liu Zhuang , Li Bin
Published: December 2021

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a critical role in tissue repair, including bone. Therefore, detecting and regulating ROS is essential for monitoring and facilitating bone repair. In this study, for the first time, the spatiotemporal profile of ROS, represented by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in the bone injury microenvironment using photoacoustic imaging technique is visualized. The ROS levels significantly increase upon bone injury, peak at a certain stage of bone healing, and then gradually decrease toward baseline level. To regulate ROS in the bone injury microenvironment, the use of hollow manganese dioxide nanoparticles (hMNPs), which are able to decompose H2O2 and generate oxygen is explored. In vitro, hMNPs eliminate intracellular ROS to protect cells from oxidative damage and facilitate cell growth by releasing oxygen. In vivo, composite hydrogels containing gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and hMNPs (hMNP/GelMA) release oxygen and bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2)‐associated peptide in an “on‐demand” fashion in response to bone microenvironmental ROS change. Applying hMNP/GelMA composite hydrogels loaded with BMP‐2‐associated peptide (BhMNP/GelMA) significantly enhances bone formation in a rat critical‐sized calvarial defect. Together, findings from this study imply that the visualization and regulation of ROS such as H2O2 may be a novel strategy for diagnosing and treating bone defects.
Record‐High Superconductivity in Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Emerged in Compressed 2H‐TaS2
Authors: Dong Qing , Pan Jie , Li Shujia , Fang Yuqiang , Lin Tao , Liu Shuang , Liu Bo , Li Quanjun , Huang Fuqiang , Liu Bingbing
Published: December 2021

Pressure has always been an effective method for uncovering novel phenomena and properties in condensed matter physics. Here, an electrical transport study is carried on 2H‐TaS2 up to ≈208 GPa, and an unexpected superconducting state (SC‐II) emerging around 86.1 GPa with an initial critical temperature (Tc) of 9.6 K is found. As pressure increases, the Tc enhances rapidly and reaches a maximum of 16.4 K at 157.4 GPa, which sets a new record for transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). The original superconducting state (SC‐I) is found to be re‐enhanced above 100 GPa after the recession around 10 GPa, and coexists with SC‐II to the highest pressure applied in this work. In situ high‐pressure X‐ray diffraction and Hall effect measurements reveal that the occurrence of SC‐II is accompanied by a structural modification and a concurrent enhancement of hole carrier density. The new high‐Tc superconducting state in 2H‐TaS2 can be attributed to the change of the electronic states near the Fermi surface, owing to pressure‐induced interlayer modulation. It is the first time finding this remarkable superconducting state in TMDs, which not only brings a new broad of perspective on layered materials but also expands the field of pressure‐modified superconductivity.
Perovskite Solar Cells Go Bifacial—Mutual Benefits for Efficiency and Durability
Authors: Song Zhaoning , Li Chongwen , Chen Lei , Yan Yanfa
Published: December 2021

Bifacial solar cells hold the potential to achieve a higher power output per unit area than conventional monofacial devices without significantly increasing manufacturing costs. However, efficient bifacial designs are challenging to implement in inorganic thin‐film solar cells because of their short carrier lifetimes and high rear surface recombination. The emergence of perovskite photovoltaic (PV) technology creates a golden opportunity to realize efficient bifacial thin‐film solar cells, owing to their outstanding optoelectronic properties and unique features of device physics. More importantly, transparent conducting oxide electrodes can prevent electrode corrosion by halide ions, mitigating one major instability issue of the perovskite devices. Here, the theory of bifacial PV devices is summarized and the advantages of bifacial perovskite solar cells, such as high power output, enhanced device durability, and low economic and environmental costs, are reviewed. The limitations and challenges for bifacial perovskite solar cells are also discussed. Finally, the awareness of bifacial solar cells as a feasible commercialization pathway of perovskite PV for mainstream solar power generation and building‐integrated PV is advocated and future research directions are suggested.
Liquid Crystal Elastomer Twist Fibers toward Rotating Microengines
Authors: Wang Yunpeng , Sun Jiahao , Liao Wei , Yang Zhongqiang
Published: December 2021

Untethered twist fibers do not require end‐anchoring structures to hold their twist orientation and offer simple designs and convenient operation. The reversible responsiveness of these fibers allows them to generate torque and rotational deformation continuously upon the application of external stimuli. The fibers therefore have potential in rotating microengines. In practical applications, high torque and rotational deformation are desirable to meet work capacity requirements. However, the simultaneous endowment of reversible responsiveness and high rotational performance to untethered twist fibers remains a challenge. In this study, a liquid crystal elastomer twist fiber (LCETF) is designed and developed with a fixed twisting alignment of mesogens to provide untethered and reversible responsiveness. Outstanding rotational performance can be achieved when the mesogenic orientation is disrupted through heat triggering. Owing to the significant intrinsic contractile ratio of the LCE material, the rotational deformation of the LCETF can reach 243.6° mm−1. More importantly, the specific torque can reach 10.1 N m kg−1, which exceeds previously reported values. In addition, the LCETF can be exploited in a rotating microengine to convert heat into electricity with an induction voltage as high as 9.4 V. This work broadens the applications of LCEs for energy harvesters, micromachines, and soft robots.
Treatment of Ruptured and Nonruptured Aneurysms Using a Semisolid Iodinated Embolic Agent
Authors: Zhang Zefu , Albadawi Hassan , Fowl Richard J. , Altun Izzet , Salomao Marcela A. , Jahanyar Jama , Chong Brian W. , Mayer Joseph L. , Oklu Rahmi
Published: December 2021

Saccular aneurysms (SAs) are focal outpouchings from the lateral wall of an artery. Depending on their morphology and location, minimally invasive treatment options include coil embolization, flow diverter stents, stent‐assisted coiling, and liquid embolics. Many drawbacks are associated with these treatment options including recanalization, delayed healing, rebleeding, malpositioning of the embolic or stent, stent stenosis, and even rupture of the SA. To overcome these drawbacks, a nanoclay‐based shear‐thinning hydrogel (STH) is developed for the endovascular treatment of SAs. Extensive in vitro testing is performed to optimize STH performance, visualization, injectability, and endothelialization in cell culture. Femoral artery saccular aneurysm models in rats and in pigs are created to test stability, efficacy, immune response, endothelialization, and biocompatibility of STH in both ruptured and unruptured SA. Fluoroscopy and computed tomography imaging consistently confirmed SA occlusion without recanalization, migration, or nontarget embolization; STH is also shown to outperform coil embolization of porcine aneurysms. In pigs with catastrophic bleeding due to SA rupture, STH is able to achieve instant hemostasis rescuing the pigs in long‐term survival experiments. STH is a promising semisolid iodinated embolic agent that can change the standard of medical practice and potentially save lives.
High‐Efficiency Full‐Space Complex‐Amplitude Metasurfaces Enabled by a Bi‐Spectral Single‐Substrate‐Layer Meta‐Atom
Authors: Xie Rensheng , Gu Zhen , Zhang Dajun , Wang Xiong , Zhang Hualiang , Jing Chengbin , Ding Jun , Chu Junhao
Published: December 2021

Full‐space metasurfaces have attracted significant interest due to their unprecedented abilities to tailor the electromagnetic wavefronts in both transmission and reflection half‐spaces. However, it remains difficult and challenging to achieve high‐efficiency complex‐amplitude modulation within a single‐substrate‐layer structure for circularly polarized (CP) waves, which can enhance the power distribution regulation. Herein, a universal design strategy for the frequency‐multiplexed full‐space meta‐device is proposed by employing a single‐substrate‐layer meta‐atom with complex‐amplitude modulations. The full‐space metasurface is composed of a subwavelength‐thickness substrate and two discrepant metallic layers, where a modified complementary split‐ring resonator and an electric field coupled resonator are selected to refract and reflect the CP incidences to the cross‐ and co‐polarized components at two distinct frequencies. Based on this emerging meta‐atom, a multifunctional bi‐spectral metasurface is designed and verified by both full‐wave simulations and experiments, which generates the quad‐vortex beam and the hologram in transmission and reflection modes, respectively. The proposed method employs a single‐substrate layer to maintain high efficiency, while incorporating the complex‐amplitude modulation, which has potential applications in imaging and communication systems.
Solid‐State Fluorophores with Combined Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton Transfer‐Aggregation‐Induced Emission as Efficient Emitters for Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Kumsampao Jakkapan , Chaiwai Chaiyon , Sukpattanacharoen Chattarika , Nalaoh Phattananawee , Chawanpunyawat Thanyarat , Chasing Pongsakorn , Namuangruk Supawadee , Kungwan Nawee , Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Promarak Vinich
Published: December 2021

A series of excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)–aggregate‐induced emission (AIE) solid‐state fluorophores (TTHPI, PTHPI, and ATHPI) are reported as self‐absorption‐free emitters for electroluminescent (EL) devices. The molecules contain 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1,4,5‐triphenylimidazole as an ESIPT core being double functionalized with AIE‐active luminogen of tetraphenylethene and hole‐transporting moiety (triphenylamine, N‐(4‐phenyl)phenoxazine, or N‐(4‐phenyl)‐9,9‐dimethylacridine) to improve their solid‐state emission due to the AIE effect and hole‐transporting capability. The ESIPT, AIE, and photophysical properties are theoretically and experimentally studied. All molecules demonstrate ESIPT and AIE characters with intense sky‐blue/green color emissions from a pure keto‐form emission in the solid‐state and photoluminescence quantum yields of 41–74%. These ESIPT–AIE fluorophores exhibit high thermal and electrochemical stabilities with decent hole mobilities and are successfully utilized as emitters in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). All devices show pure keto‐form EL emissions with moderate‐to‐good EL performances. Particularly, the TTHPI‐based device achieves excellent EL performance with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 5.21%, a maximum current efficiency (CEmax) of 11.17 cd A−1, and a slight efficiency roll‐off.
Magnonic Goos–Hänchen Effect Induced by 1D Solitons
Authors: Laliena Victor , Campo Javier
Published: December 2021

The spin wave spectral problem is solved in terms of the spectrum of a diagonalizable operator for a class of magnetic states that includes several types of domain walls and the chiral solitons of monoaxial helimagnets. Focusing on these latter solitons, it is shown that the spin waves reflected and transmitted by them suffer a lateral displacement analogous to the Goos‐Hänchen effect of optics. The displacement is a fraction of the wavelength, but can be greatly enhanced by using an array of well separated solitons. Contrarily to the Goos–Hänchen effect recently studied in some magnetic systems, which takes place at the interfaces between different magnetic systems, the effect predicted here takes place at the soliton position, which is interesting for applications since solitons can be created at different places and moved across the material by suitable means. Moreover, the effect predicted here is not particular to monoaxial helimagnets, but it is generic of 1D solitons, although it is accidentally absent in the domain walls of ferromagnets with uniaxial anisotropy. Even though in this work the dipolar interaction is ignored for simplicity, we argue that the Goos–Hänchen shift is also present when it is taken into account.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder torsion in a 3‐year‐old child
Authors: Uemura Sunao , Maeda Hiromichi , Obatake Masayuki , Namikawa Tsutomu , Kitagawa Hiroyuki , Fujieda Yuki , Nishimoto Yuka , Morishita Yusuke , Fujieda Mikiya , Hanazaki Kazuhiro
Published: December 2021

Background

Gallbladder torsion is a congenital abnormality of the gallbladder and is a rare cause of acute abdomen. Although gallbladder torsion is a life‐threatening condition requiring emergency surgery, laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder torsion in pediatric patients has seldom been reported.

Case presentation

A 3‐year‐old boy with abdominal pain and vomiting was admitted to our hospital. He was diagnosed with acute cholecystitis through abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography, and he received antibiotics. Two days after admission, a repeat abdominal ultrasound revealed exacerbation of gallbladder wall thickness and lack of intramural blood flow, which led to a diagnosis of gallbladder torsion. Emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed, and the gallbladder was twisted counterclockwise at 270°. After an uneventful course of intraoperative and postoperative treatment, the patient was discharged on postoperative day 6.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder torsion was safely performed in a pediatric patient.
Friction and wear behavior of polyimide matrix composites filled with nanographite
Authors: Wan Changxin , Yao Chenyu , Li Jian , Duan Haitao , Zhan Shengpeng , Jia Dan , Li Yinhua , Yang Tian
Published: December 2021

In this study, nanographite (NG), as a lubricant additive, and polyimide (PI) were used to fabricate NG/PI composites via a hot compression molding process. The tribological properties of the NG/PI composites with different NG mass contents (0–10 wt%) were tested using a reciprocating ball‐on‐disc contact tribometer matched with a GCr15 rubbing pair. The thermal stability, surface hardness, and compression strength of the composites were discussed. The results revealed that a small quantity of nanofillers greatly reduced the friction coefficient and increased the wear resistance of the NG/PI composites. Despite a minor decrease in mechanical performance, the composite with 5 wt% of NG filler exhibited improved tribological properties; it showed a 55.63% reduction in the friction coefficient and a reduction of 97.39% in the wear rate compared with neat PI. Moreover, an increase in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the NG/PI composites indicated the enhancement of their thermal stability and wear resistance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses showed that the main wear mechanism of the composites was fatigue wear. These findings suggest that the 5 wt% NG/PI composite could be a significant contribution to the field of tribological engineering plastics.
Multilayer cross‐linking polyetherimide/Ti3C2Tx MXenes material with pores channel structure for electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Xia Bihua , Zhang Xuhui , Wang Yang , Li Ting , Jiang Jie , Chen Mingqing , Liu Tianxi , Dong Weifu
Published: December 2021

This paper reported a new kind of multilayer cross‐linking polyetherimide/Ti3C2Tx MXenes material with pores channel structure for electromagnetic interference shielding. Polyetherimide was used as the resin material, ethylenediamine (EDA) was used as the cross‐linking agent, special multilayer and pores channel were used as the shielding structure, and Ti3C2Tx MXenes was used as the electromagnetic wave shielding medium. By adjusting the content of EDA, the cell structure, electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency, and tensile strength of multilayer cross‐linking PEI/Ti3C2Tx MXenes shielding material could be controlled. The more EDA content, the higher cross‐linking degree, the smaller the cellular size, the higher the electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency, and the stronger the tensile strength.
Photoluminescence and structural properties of air‐reduced rare‐earth (Eu) doped calcium silicates derived using biomass wastes
Authors: Chhina Manmeet Kaur , Singh Kulvir
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to present an effective method of utilizing widely available biomass wastes to synthesize visible light‐emitting phosphors. Rice husk ash and egg shell powder were used to synthesize x(%) = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 phosphors using a solid‐state reaction method. The prepared samples were characterized by various techniques. X‐ray diffraction data confirmed the stabilization of the phase at room temperature. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that ions underwent partial reduction to in the air atmosphere during the processing of the samples. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy also confirmed the presence of titanium ions in the synthesized samples. Titanium was present in trace amounts in biomass wastes. The photoluminescence emission spectrum contained high‐intensity bands because of titanium ions. Low‐intensity emission bands were also present in the photoluminescence emission spectrum due to the characteristic transitions of Eu. The coordinates of the waste‐derived samples could be tuned for different applications in the visible region because of the presence of multiple activator ions. The optical band gap of the samples as prepared was in the range 3.62–3.79 eV. This approach presents a method for preparing biomass waste‐derived phosphors that can be used for solid‐state lighting applications. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Eine neue Methode zur Trennung der seltenen Erden
Authors: Noddack W. , Wicht E.
Published: December 2021

Versuche zur Trennung der seltenen Erdensalze in wäßriger Lösung im inhomogenen Magnetfelde ergaben bei den Yttererden Trennungsfaktoren, die denen einer wirksamen fraktionierten Kristallisation gleichkommen. Die Methode eignet sich vor allem zur Trennung von Y vom Dy, Ho und Er.
Zur Trennung der Seltenen Erden im inhomogenen Magnetfeld
Authors: Noddack Walter , Noddack Ida , Wicht Elisabeth
Published: December 2021

Als Fortsetzung unserer früheren Versuche zur Trennung der Seltenen Erden im inhomogenen Magnetfeld werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit einige Versuchsreihen beschrieben, bei denen der Einfluß verschiedener Faktoren auf den Trennungsverlauf untersucht wird.

Die erhaltenen Resultate werden auf Grund vereinfachender Annahmen rechnerisch gedeutet, das verschiedene Verhalten der Erdenionen wird quantitativ behandelt und mit den Meßergebnissen verglichen.
Post‐traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression among adults with congenital heart defects
Authors: Simeone Regina M. , Downing Karrie F. , Bobo William V. , Grosse Scott D. , Khanna Amber D. , Farr Sherry L.
Published: December 2021

Background

Due to invasive treatments and stressors related to heart health, adults with congenital heart defects (CHDs) may have an increased risk of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and/or depressive disorders. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of these disorders among individuals with CHDs.

Methods

Using IBM® MarketScan® Databases, we identified adults age 18–49 years with ≥2 outpatient anxiety/depressive disorder claims on separate dates or ≥1 inpatient anxiety/depressive disorder claim in 2017. CHDs were defined as ≥2 outpatient CHD claims ≥30 days apart or ≥1 inpatient CHD claim documented in 2007–2017. We used log‐binomial regression to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between CHDs and anxiety/depressive disorders.

Results

Of 13,807 adults with CHDs, 12.4% were diagnosed with an anxiety or depressive disorder. Adults with CHDs, compared to the 5,408,094 without CHDs, had higher prevalence of PTSD (0.8% vs. 0.5%; aPR: 1.5 [CI: 1.2–1.8]), anxiety disorders (9.9% vs. 7.5%; aPR: 1.3 [CI: 1.3–1.4]), and depressive disorders (6.3% vs. 4.9%; aPR: 1.3 [CI: 1.2–1.4]). Among individuals with CHDs, female sex (aPR range: 1.6–3.3) and inpatient admission (aPR range 1.1–1.9) were associated with anxiety/depressive disorders.

Conclusion

Over 1 in 8 adults with CHDs had diagnosed PTSD and/or other anxiety/depressive disorders, 30–50% higher than adults without CHDs. PTSD was rare, but three times more common in women with CHDs than men. Screening and referral for services for these conditions in people with CHDs may be beneficial.
Synthesis and conformational analysis of an anti‐β2,3‐amino acid as a building block for unnatural peptide helices
Authors: Choi Sunglim , Choi Soo Hyuk
Published: December 2021

Anti‐β2,3‐amino acids are a class of acyclic β‐amino acids that usually stabilize β‐sheet‐like conformations of unnatural peptides. (2S,3R)‐3‐amino‐2‐ethylpentanoic acid (AEPA) is a diethyl‐substituted anti‐β2,3‐amino acid that can be regarded as an acyclic analog of cis‐2‐aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid, which is known to promote the α/β‐peptide 11/9‐helix and the β‐peptide 12/10‐helix. We report that AEPA can be incorporated into the two unnatural peptide helices without disrupting helical folding. Crystal structure data reveal that the anti‐β2,3‐residue adopts unconventional gauche (+) conformation in those unnatural peptide helices.