bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic insights into the thermal transformations of heterocyclic o-distyrylbenzenes: an experimental and computational study
Authors: Lovrinčević Vilma , Vuk Dragana , Škorić Irena , Despotović Ines
Published: September 2023

The thermal transformations of various –CH3/–H thienyl and furyl derivatives of o-divinylbenzenes in acidic media are presented.
Theoretical study coupling DFT calculations and kMC simulation of CO methanation on Ni(111) and Ni3Fe(111)
Authors: Yu Yingzhe , Ji Peng , Zhang Weiwei , Yang Kuiwei , Zhang Minhua
Published: September 2023

Due to their high activity, good selectivity of CH4, low price and easy availability, Ni-based catalysts are of the most practical in terms of application value and development prospects in the field of SNG, and have been widely investigated in academia and industry.
Direct Z-scheme heterojunction of BiVO4microsphere/g-C3N4nanosheets for the efficient photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B
Authors: Wang Zhentao , Iqbal Waheed , Wang Jingjing , Chang Ninghui , Qin Chuanguang
Published: September 2023

Optimizing content of BiVO4 in heterostructure drives maximum efficiency for RhB photodegradation, about 12.5 and 2.4 times higher than pure BiVO4and g-C3N4. ˙O2−and ˙OH are principal active species for ameliorating photocatalytic RhB degradation.
Interplay between magnetic order and electronic band structure in ultrathin GdGe2 metalloxene films
Authors: Matetskiy Andrey V. , Milotti Valeria , Sheverdyaeva Polina M. , Moras Paolo , Carbone Carlo , Mihalyuk Alexey N.
Published: September 2023

Small uncompensated magnetic moment arises due to hybridization of the Gd and Ge orbitals in the 2D AFM system with broken inversion symmetry.
Unraveling the role of substrate materials in governing the carbon/carbide growth of molten carbonate electrolysis of CO2
Authors: Yu Rui , Du Kaifa , Deng Bowen , Yin Huayi , Wang Dihua
Published: September 2023

The relationship between carbon-binding ability of metals and carbon/carbide growth on molten salts CO2 electrolysis is revealed.
Efficient yolk-shelled Fe–N–C oxygen reduction electrocatalyst via N-rich molecular-guided pyrolysis
Authors: Lai Qingxue , Zheng Hongmei , Zhang Wanying , Sheng Yi , Nie Luanjie , Zheng Jing
Published: September 2023

A dual-guided pyrolysis strategy is proposed to cross-scale manipulate the Fe–N–C materials from a yolk-shelled structure to a high density and improved accessibility of Fe–Nx sites for advanced acidic oxygen reduction electrocatalysis.
A general synthesis of aromatic and heteroaromatic lipoxin B4 analogues
Authors: Owen Benjamin , Guiry Patrick J.
Published: September 2023

The asymmetric synthesis of a library of Lipoxin B4 (LXB4) mimetics in which the triene core has been replaced with different aromatic and heteroaromatic rings.
Fabrication of ultrathin two-dimensional MOF nanosheets with cage-like cavities showing excellent adsorption for lead(ii)
Authors: Sun Hongwei , Wang Ke-Zhong , Yao Meng-Ru , Yu Cai-Xia , Song Yue-Hai , Ding Jing , Zhou Yan-Li , Liu Dong , Liu Lei-Lei
Published: September 2023

An ultrathin 2D MOF nanosheet with cage-like cavities was constructed, which showed an outstanding Pb2+ uptake capacity of 738.65 mg g−1 as well as ultrahigh selectivity and anti-interference performance.
A “turn-on” fluorescence resonance energy transfer aptasensor based on carbon dots and gold nanoparticles for 17β-estradiol detection in sea salt
Authors: Qian Tianrun , Bao Jia , Liu Xuepeng , Oudeng Gerile , Ye Weiwei
Published: September 2023

A “turn-on” FRET aptasensor for 17β-estradiol detection was developed. It can detect 17β-estradiol with high sensitivity and selectivity. It showed potential for estrogen detection in food safety and environmental applications.
Noble-metal high-entropy-alloy tuning the products of electrocatalytic 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation
Authors: Huang Xianfeng , Zhang Bo , Guo Cong , Yang Guangxing , Zhang Qiao , Li Shuang , Yu Hao , Peng Feng
Published: September 2023

Noble-metal high-entropy-alloy nanoparticles (HEA NPs) obtained via the co-reduction of metal precursors in triethylene glycol regulate selectivity to different valuable products during the electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF).
Critical assessment of advanced oxidation processes and bio-electrochemical integrated systems for removing emerging contaminants from wastewater
Authors: Bashir Yasser , Raj Rishabh , Ghangrekar M. M. , Nema Arvind K. , Das Sovik
Published: September 2023

Remediation of emerging contaminants (ECs), such as personal care products, antibiotics, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), surfactants, pesticides, etc., via advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and integrated bioelectrochemical systems (BESs).
The rotating disc electrode: measurement protocols and reproducibility in the evaluation of catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Tesch Marc F. , Neugebauer Sebastian , Narangoda Praveen V. , Schlögl Robert , Mechler Anna K.
Published: September 2023

Elaborated and uniform experimental protocols are a prerequisite for OER catalyst evaluation via RDE. Still, individual sample preparation and variations in microenvironment can lead to a significant spread of results between different laboratories.
Differences in Child Language Assessment Practices Between School-Based and Non–School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists: Results From a Nationwide Survey
Authors: Fulcher-Rood Katrina , Castilla-Earls Anny
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to compare child language assessment practices of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) working in school and nonschool settings to determine if their place of employment impacts the diagnostic decision-making process.

Method:

School-based SLPs (e.g., direct service providers employed in preschool and/or K–12 schools;
n
= 382) and non–school-based SLPs (e.g., direct service providers employed in private practices, university clinics, and/or medical settings;
n
= 147) completed a web-based questionnaire. The questionnaire examined the types, frequency, and perceived importance of specific assessment tools and potential workplace factors that may impact their diagnostic decision-making process.

Results:

Both school-based and non–school-based SLPs reported using a combination of assessment tools when evaluating children with potential language disorders. School-based SLPs tended to rank the frequency of use and importance of most assessment tools similarly, while non–school-based SLPs ranked interviews as the most frequently used and most important assessment tool. Statistically significant group differences indicated that school-based SLPs ranked the frequency of use and importance of standardized testing higher compared to their non–school-based counterparts. Also, school-based SLPs rated employment-based factors impacting diagnostic decision making higher compared to non–school-based SLPs.

Conclusions:

SLPs practicing in school-based settings seem to handle more employment-based factors that impact independent diagnostic decision making than SLPs working in different employment settings when assessing children for potential language disorders. Clinical recommendations are provided, and implications for implementation-based assessment research in child language are discussed.
Complete Vocal Technique-Voice Therapy as a Novel Intervention for Rehabilitation of Laryngeal-Phonatory Dysfunction in Acquired Brain Injury Patients—An Exploratory Retrospective Study
Authors: Aaen Mathias , Rose Alies , Christoph Noor , Sadolin Cathrine , McGlashan Julian
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to explore the use of Complete Vocal Technique (CVT) voice therapy in acquired brain injury (ABI) patients

Study:

This study is an exploratory retrospective study.

Method:

Five ABI patients (two female and three male) with an average age of 20.6 years (
SD
= 3.5) received CVT voice therapy from an authorized CVT teacher at a neurorehabilitation facility in conjunction with physical rehabilitation therapy and speech and language therapy. Pre- and postmeasures included Voice Handicap Index, Maximum Phonation Time, electroglottography, and acoustic measures.

Results:

All voice measures improved for all five patients after receiving CVT voice therapy. Voice Handicap Index scores decreased from an average of 48.4 to 22.8. Maximum Phonation Time improved while the electroglottography and acoustic data showed improved phonation stability in jitter and shimmer measures. Overall, following the intervention, patients demonstrated improved loudness range, improved range in contact quotient for different sound conditions, faster-paced speech, extended functional pitch range, and decrease in unwanted creaking and breathiness.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that CVT may be used as therapy in ABI populations with promising results. Both patient self-assessment and objective voice measures demonstrate improved voice function. Given the longitudinal nature of recovery in ABI patients, more studies are needed to qualify at which stage(s) of recovery the CVT interventions are most effective and beneficial. Randomized controlled trials for specific patient populations of ABI are needed to assess the interventions' effectiveness in specific ABI diagnoses.
Parent-Reported Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder–Linked Behaviors, Fatigue, and Language in Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing
Authors: Mattingly Jessica , Werfel Krystal L. , Lund Emily
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to find out if children who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH), particularly those without substantially delayed language, appear to be at risk for overreporting of inattentive and hyperactive behaviors and if attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) measures are influenced by the presence of language-based items, by child language skills, and by child and parent report of fatigue.

Method:

This study included 24 children with typical hearing, 13 children with hearing aids (HA), and 16 children with cochlear implants (CI) in second through sixth grade. Parents of children in each group completed a measure reporting on inattentive and hyperactive behaviors, social and academic outcomes, and general fatigue for their child. Children participated in a norm-referenced language assessment and completed a self-report of fatigue.

Results:

Analyses revealed an effect of hearing status on overall inattention ratings and social/academic performance: Children with CI had significantly lower ratings of inattention, and children with HA had more social/academic performance deficits. Differences in inattention scores for children with CI remained even when items biased toward language skills were removed from the measure, but differences in performance for children with HA disappeared. Omnibus language scores significantly correlated with academic and social outcomes, whereas parent report of fatigue significantly correlated with inattention and hyperactivity.

Conclusions:

Parent report of behaviors linked with ADHD, including inattention and hyperactivity, is likely influenced by child language knowledge and overall fatigue. Comorbid diagnosis of ADHD in children who are DHH must consider these factors.
A novel optimally tuned super twisting sliding mode controller for active and reactive power control in grid‐interfaced photovoltaic system
Authors: Mohapatra Bhabasis , Sahu Binod Kumar , Pati Swagat
Published: September 2023

In photovoltaic (PV) systems, inverters play a crucial role for supplying electricity to meet the demand while maintaining power quality. For a local load connected to a grid‐interfaced photovoltaic (GIPV) system, active and reactive power control is necessary at the distribution level. Thus, the foremost purpose of this article is to get the best optimally designed robust controller for control of active and reactive power. A GIPV system with Improved Arithmetic Optimisation Algorithm (IAOA)‐based Super Twisting Sliding Mode Controller (ST‐SMC) methodology has been proposed in this article for active and reactive power management. The conventional PI controller in the GIPV system that is most frequently used has considerable undershoot and a long settling period. PI controller tuning parameters were also changed to account for the wide change in the reference pattern. Therefore, STSMC and SMC are used for ensuring robustness against external disturbances. The conventional SMC comes out to have a chattering issue. Furthermore, the proposed IAOA technique is validated through some benchmark functions. The proposed IAOA technique outperforms Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO), Forensic Based Investigation (FBI), and Traditional Arithmetic Optimisation Algorithm (TAOA) in terms of the number of iterations and accurately achieving optimal solutions for active and reactive power control. The results show that the proposed IAOA‐based STSMC technique has an improved performance of settling time and undershoot for active and reactive power control. This article also presents stability analysis and robustness test of the above mentioned controllers to illustrate the effectiveness of each optimally designed controller. A 40 kW GIPV system performance is evaluated using the MATLAB environment, and the results are validated in a real‐time simulator platform OPAL‐RT 4510.
A self‐supervised causal feature reinforcement learning method for non‐invasive hemoglobin prediction
Authors: Xu Linquan , Chen Yuwen , Lu Songmei , Zhong Kunhua , Li Yujie , Yi Bin
Published: September 2023

Anemia (hemoglobin (Hb) < 12.0 g/dL) is significantly correlated with many diseases. An invasive technique is the peripheral blood Hb detection method, which is used to examine red and white blood cells and platelets in clinical laboratory settings. However, non‐invasive methods for measuring Hb mainly include low‐precision prediction based on eye images and complex operation prediction based on fundus images. Moreover, these types of anemia testing techniques are time‐consuming, tedious, or prone to errors. Thus, developing a convenient and high‐precision method is vital for predicting Hb concentration. This study proposes self‐supervised causal features using actor‐critical reinforcement learning to improve the model prediction performance. Two networks are proposed: Actor Predictor and Hemoglobin Predictor to predict Hb concentration. Moreover, the model performance is evaluated using different techniques, namely, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Square Error (MSE), via real eye image data and a smartphone. This model achieved 1.19(1.01,1.38) on the MAE and 2.25(1.59,2.90) on the MSE, which outperformed previous eye images' Hb prediction methods and was nearly similar to the fundus images' Hb prediction methods. The inference time was less than 0.05 s, making it efficient and accurate for predicting Hb. This model can be used for mobile deployment and health self‐screening.
Traffic speed prediction using GARCH‐GRU hybrid model
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Yusof Kamaludin Mohamad , Wilson Benjamin , Ziegelmueller Carina
Published: September 2023

Traffic speed prediction is an integral part of an intelligent transportation system (ITS) because an advanced knowledge of traffic speed can help taking proactive preventive steps to avoid impending problems and it can also help in trip planning. Traffic speed data comprises a time series that may be modelled using any statistical or machine learning technique. In most of the cases, however, the performance of such models is bottlenecked due to heteroskedasticity usually present in such datasets. ARCH/GARCH family of models are generally used to model variance in such data. This paper presents a novel technique, termed as GARCH‐GRU, based on additive decomposition that splits data into random (residual) and deterministic parts. Random part is normalized using rolling standard deviation. GARCH (1, 1) is used to predict conditional variance of the residual and the predicted variance is then used in the basic model equation along with normalized residual that mimic white noise as required by the model. The data other than residual is modelled using a GRU model. The approach is applied to two datasets corresponding to a downtown road and a motorway. For comparison, the same datasets are exposed to three classical techniques; seasonal ARIMA, CNN and GRU techniques. The results demonstrate that the GARCH‐GRU technique outperforms others for random data of downtown road but fails to handle dynamic variations present in the motorway data.
Assessing the limits of centralized unmanned aerial vehicle conflict management in U‐Space
Authors: Boronat Pablo , Pérez‐Francisco Miguel , Wubben Jamie , Calafate Carlos T. , Cano Juan Carlos , Casado Rafael
Published: September 2023

There is an important growth of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) performing planned missions in urban environments, which poses significant challenges to the research community. The possibility of collisions represents a critical challenge. UAVs can suffer collisions due to different causes external or internal to their flight plans. In this context, dynamic geo‐fencing is a useful approach, whereby each UAV is able to provide a prediction of its future positions within a limited time. These predictions could be used to detect conflicts, allowing to dynamically modify the flight plans so as to avoid imminent collisions. In this work, a conflict detection algorithm/method is proposed, implemented and tested on a central server performing real‐time conflict analysis for a large number of UAVs flying in the aerial space of a city (U‐Space). The architecture assumes that UAVs send their future locations to a traffic controller. This controller compares the predicted positions of nearby vehicles to detect possible conflicts. The results of this work demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed conflict detection algorithm and its interest to improve the security and efficiency in U‐Space environments. The server is able to track thousands of UAVs in real time with a conflict anticipation around 11 s.
Design of multiple‐input multiple‐output radar amplitude‐bounded waveforms with desired ambiguity function based on sequential quadratic programming
Authors: Wei Wenyan , Wei Yinsheng , Yu Lei
Published: September 2023

The transmit waveform with ambiguity function specifications in the range‐Doppler plane has been of great interest in traditional single antenna radar systems in recent years. This paper considers the design of waveform sets with a desired slow‐time ambiguity function for multiple‐input multiple‐output radar. Specifically, it is desirable that the ambiguity function has low sidelobes where clutter occurs, as this reduces the impact of the clutter on target detection. Instead of unimodular waveforms, the authors consider amplitude modulation signals and introduce the bound constraint on signal amplitudes into the optimisation for the consideration of transmitter efficiency. The design problem is formulated as minimising the weighted integrated sidelobes level of the ambiguity function over the range‐Doppler plane under bound constraints. The resulting problem has a highly non‐linear objective function and is constrained by bound constraints and quadratic equality (constant energy) constraints, making it difficult to solve. The authors develop an efficient algorithm based on the sequential quadratic programming technique and non‐linear conjugate gradient method to solve it. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to the existing methods.
Selection of powerful radio galaxies with machine learning
Authors: Carvajal R. , Matute I. , Afonso J. , Norris R. P. , Luken K. J. , Sánchez-Sáez P. , Cunha P. A. C. , Humphrey A. , Messias H. , Amarantidis S. , Barbosa D. , Cruz H. A. , Miranda H. , Paulino-Afonso A. , Pappalardo C.
Published: September 2023

Context.The study of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is fundamental to discern the formation and growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their connection with star formation and galaxy evolution. Due to the significant kinetic and radiative energy emitted by powerful AGNs, they are prime candidates to observe the interplay between SMBH and stellar growth in galaxies.

Aims.We aim to develop a method to predict the AGN nature of a source, its radio detectability, and redshift purely based on photometry. The use of such a method will increase the number of radio AGNs, allowing us to improve our knowledge of accretion power into an SMBH, the origin and triggers of radio emission, and its impact on galaxy evolution.

Methods.We developed and trained a pipeline of three machine learning (ML) models than can predict which sources are more likely to be an AGN and to be detected in specific radio surveys. Also, it can estimate redshift values for predicted radio-detectable AGNs. These models, which combine predictions from tree-based and gradient-boosting algorithms, have been trained with multi-wavelength data from near-infrared-selected sources in theHobby-EberlyTelescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX) Spring field. Training, testing, calibration, and validation were carried out in the HETDEX field. Further validation was performed on near-infrared-selected sources in the Stripe 82 field.

Results.In the HETDEX validation subset, our pipeline recovers 96% of the initially labelled AGNs and, from AGNs candidates, we recover 50% of previously detected radio sources. For Stripe 82, these numbers are 94% and 55%. Compared to random selection, these rates are two and four times better for HETDEX, and 1.2 and 12 times better for Stripe 82. The pipeline can also recover the redshift distribution of these sources withσNMAD = 0.07 for HETDEX (σNMAD = 0.09 for Stripe 82) and an outlier fraction of 19% (25% for Stripe 82), compatible with previous results based on broad-band photometry. Feature importance analysis stresses the relevance of near- and mid-infrared colours to select AGNs and identify their radio and redshift nature.

Conclusions.Combining different algorithms in ML models shows an improvement in the prediction power of our pipeline over a random selection of sources. Tree-based ML models (in contrast to deep learning techniques) facilitate the analysis of the impact that features have on the predictions. This prediction can give insight into the potential physical interplay between the properties of radio AGNs (e.g. mass of black hole and accretion rate).
The broad-lined Type-Ic supernova SN 2022xxf and its extraordinary two-humped light curves
Authors: Kuncarayakti H. , Sollerman J. , Izzo L. , Maeda K. , Yang S. , Schulze S. , Angus C. R. , Aubert M. , Auchettl K. , Della Valle M. , Dessart L. , Hinds K. , Kankare E. , Kawabata M. , Lundqvist P. , Nakaoka T. , Perley D. , Raimundo S. I. , Strotjohann N. L. , Taguchi K. , Cai Y.-Z. , Charalampopoulos P. , Fang Q. , Fraser M. , Gutiérrez C. P. , Imazawa R. , Kangas T. , Kawabata K. S. , Kotak R. , Kravtsov T. , Matilainen K. , Mattila S. , Moran S. , Murata I. , Salmaso I. , Anderson J. P. , Ashall C. , Bellm E. C. , Benetti S. , Chambers K. C. , Chen T.-W. , Coughlin M. , De Colle F. , Fremling C. , Galbany L. , Gal-Yam A. , Gromadzki M. , Groom S. L. , Hajela A. , Inserra C. , Kasliwal M. M. , Mahabal A. A. , Martin-Carrillo A. , Moore T. , Müller-Bravo T. E. , Nicholl M. , Ragosta F. , Riddle R. L. , Sharma Y. , Srivastav S. , Stritzinger M. D. , Wold A. , Young D. R.
Published: September 2023

We report on our study of the supernova (SN) 2022xxf based on observations obtained during the first four months of its evolution. The light curves (LCs) display two humps of similar maximum brightness separated by 75 days, unprecedented for a broad-lined (BL) Type Ic supernova (SN IcBL). SN 2022xxf is the most nearby SN IcBL to date (in NGC 3705,z= 0.0037, at a distance of about 20 Mpc). Optical and near-infrared photometry and spectroscopy were used to identify the energy source powering the LC. Nearly 50 epochs of high signal-to-noise ratio spectroscopy were obtained within 130 days, comprising an unparalleled dataset for a SN IcBL, and one of the best-sampled SN datasets to date. The global spectral appearance and evolution of SN 2022xxf points to typical SN Ic/IcBL, with broad features (up to ~14 000 km s−1) and a gradual transition from the photospheric to the nebular phase. However, narrow emission lines (corresponding to ~ 1000–2500 km s−1) are present in the spectra from the time of the second rise, suggesting slower-moving circumstellar material (CSM). These lines are subtle, in comparison to the typical strong narrow lines of CSM-interacting SNe, for example, Type IIn, Ibn, and Icn, but some are readily noticeable at late times, such as in Mg Iλ5170 and [O I]λ5577. Unusually, the near-infrared spectra show narrow line peaks in a number of features formed by ions of O and Mg. We infer the presence of CSM that is free of H and He. We propose that the radiative energy from the ejecta-CSM interaction is a plausible explanation for the second LC hump. This interaction scenario is supported by the color evolution, which progresses to blue as the light curve evolves along the second hump, and by the slow second rise and subsequent rapid LC drop. SN 2022xxf may be related to an emerging number of CSM-interacting SNe Ic, which show slow, peculiar LCs, blue colors, and subtle CSM interaction lines. The progenitor stars of these SNe likely experienced an episode of mass loss consisting of H/He-free material shortly prior to explosion.
Galactic runaway O and Be stars found usingGaiaDR3
Authors: Carretero-Castrillo M. , Ribó M. , Paredes J. M.
Published: September 2023

Context.A relevant fraction of massive stars are runaway stars. These stars move with a significant peculiar velocity with respect to their environment.

Aims.We aim to discover and characterize the population of massive and early-type runaway stars in the GOSC and BeSS catalogs usingGaiaDR3 astrometric data.

Methods.We present a two-dimensional method in the velocity space to discover runaway stars as those that deviate significantly from the velocity distribution of field stars. Field stars are considered to follow the Galactic rotation curve.

Results.We found 106 O runaway stars, 42 of which were not previously identified as runaways. We found 69 Be runaway stars, 47 of which were not previously identified as runaways. The dispersion of runaway stars is a few times higher inZandbthan that of field stars. This is explained by the ejections they underwent when they became runaways. The percentage of runaways is 25.4% for O-type stars, and it is 5.2% for Be-type stars. In addition, we conducted simulations in three dimensions for our catalogs. They revealed that these percentages could increase to ∼30% and ∼6.7%, respectively. Our runaway stars include seven X-ray binaries and one gamma-ray binary. Moreover, we obtain velocity dispersions of ∼5 km s−1perpendicular to the Galactic plane for O- and Be-type field stars. These values increase in the Galactic plane to ∼7 km s−1for O-type stars due to uncertainties and to ∼9 km s−1for Be-type stars due to Galactic velocity diffusion.

Conclusions.The excellentGaiaDR3 astrometric data have allowed us to identify a significant number of O-type and Be-type runaways in the GOSC and BeSS catalogs. The higher percentages and higher velocities found for O-type compared to Be-type runaways underline that the dynamical ejection scenario is more likely than the binary supernova scenario. Our results open the door to identifying new high-energy systems among our runaways by conducting detailed studies.
Dielectronic recombination plasma rate coefficients of Na-, Mg-, and Al-like iron ions: The role of the 2(s + p) → 4l, nl′ and 3(s + p) → 5l, nl′ resonances
Authors: Visentin G. , Schippers S. , Fritzsche S.
Published: September 2023

Dielectronic recombination (DR) is the major electron-ion recombination process in many astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. This process has been thoroughly studied for several charged species, in particular for M-shell iron ions. Previous investigations into the DR of such ions have mostly focused on the valence 3l → 3l, nl' and the core 2(s + p) → 3l, nl′ DR resonances, while neglecting the 2(s + p) → 4l, nl′ and 3(s + p) → 5l, nl′ DR resonances. These were predicted to contribute to the broad unresolved transition array detected in several active galactic nuclei at reasonably high temperatures and column densities. In this work, we systematically assessed the importance of 2(s + p) → 4l, nl′ and 3(s + p) → 5l, nl′ resonances in the DR of three M-shell iron ions, Fe15+, Fe14+, and Fe13+, with the multi-configuration Dirac-Hartree-Fock (MCDHF) method. Above the collisionally ionized plasma temperatures, these high-energy resonances contribute to the overall DR of Fe15+, Fe14+, and Fe13+ by up to 21%, 40%, and 22%, respectively.
The miniJPAS survey quasar selection
Authors: Pérez-Ràfols Ignasi , Abramo Luis Raul , Martínez-Solaeche Ginés , Pieri Matthew M. , Queiroz Carolina , Rodrigues Natália V. N. , Bonoli Silvia , Chaves-Montero Jonás , Morrison Sean S. , Alcaniz Jailson , Benitez Narciso , Carneiro Saulo , Cenarro Javier , Cristóbal-Hornillos David , Dupke Renato , Ederoclite Alessandro , González Delgado Rosa M. , Hernán-Caballero Antonio , López-Sanjuan Carlos , Marín-Franch Antonio , Marra Valerio , Mendes de Oliveira Claudia , Moles Mariano , Sodré Jr Laerte , Taylor Keith , Varela Jesús , Vázquez Ramió Héctor
Published: September 2023

Aims. Quasar catalogues from photometric data are used in a variety of applications including those targeting spectroscopic follow-up, measurements of supermassive black hole masses, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations, or non-Gaussianities. Here, we present a list of quasar candidates including photometric redshift estimates from the miniJPAS Data Release constructed using SQUEzE. miniJPAS is a small proof-of-concept survey covering 1 deg2 with the full J-PAS filter system, consisting of 54 narrow filters and 2 broader filters covering the entire optical wavelength range.

Methods. This work is based on the machine-learning classification of photometric data of quasar candidates using SQUEzE. It has the advantage that its classification procedure can be explained to some extent, making it less of a ‘black box’ when compared with other classifiers. Another key advantage is that the use of user-defined metrics means the user has more control over the classification. While SQUEzE was designed for spectroscopic data, we have adapted it for multi-band photometric data; that is we treat multiple narrow-band filters as very low-resolution spectra. We trained our models using specialised mocks. We estimated our redshift precision using the normalised median absolute deviation, σNMAD, applied to our test sample.

Results. Our test sample returns an f1 score (effectively the purity and completeness) of 0.49 for high-z quasars (with z ≥ 2.1) down a to magnitude of r = 24.3 and 0.24 for low-z quasars (with z < 2.1), also down to a magnitude of r = 24.3. For high-z quasars, this goes up to 0.9 for magnitudes of r < 21.0. We present two catalogues of quasar candidates including redshift estimates: 301 from point-like sources and 1049 when also including extended sources. We discuss the impact of including extended sources in our predictions (they are not included in the mocks), as well as the impact of changing the noise model of the mocks. We also give an explanation of SQUEzE reasoning. Our estimates for the redshift precision using the test sample indicate a σNMAD = 0.92% for the entire sample, reduced to 0.81% for r < 22.5 and 0.74% for r < 21.3. Spectroscopic follow-up of the candidates is required in order to confirm the validity of our findings.
Whispering gallery modes for a transmission problem
Authors: Filippas Spyridon
Published: September 2023

We construct a specific family of eigenfunctions for a Laplace operator with coefficients having a jump across an interface. These eigenfunctions have an exponential concentration arbitrarily close to the interface, and therefore could be considered as whispering gallery modes. The proof is based on an appropriate Agmon estimate. We deduce as a corollary that the quantitative unique continuation result for waves propagating in singular media proved by the author in [7] is optimal.
Numerical study of influence of mould width on freestanding adjustable combination electromagnetic brake in continuous casting mould
Authors: Li Zhuang , Zhang Lintao , Wang Engang
Published: September 2023

A mathematical model was developed to describe the behavior of liquid steel flow and the steel/slag interface at a constant casting throughput in moulds of different widths. The impact of mould width (MW) on the liquid steel flow and the steel/slag interface was analyzed. Further it was examined whether a freestanding adjustable combination electromagnetic brake (FAC-EMBr) was conducive to controlling and improving the liquid steel flow. The results indicate that increasing MW decreased impact strength of the jet, upward backflow, and surface velocity––this was beneficial for reducing the meniscus height. Adjustment of the current intensity would enable the control of the behaviour of the liquid steel flow and meniscus, as well as reduce the dependence on matching the electromagnetic parameters and process parameters. This simplifies the operational process. As the MW increased to 1600 mm, an excessive input current of the vertical pole (IV = 250 A) significantly decreased the upward backflow velocity; this was not conducive to melting the mould powder.
On the degree of trees with game chromatic number 4
Authors: Furtado Ana Luísa C. , Palma Miguel A.D.R. , Dantas Simone , de Figueiredo Celina M.H.
Published: September 2023

The coloring game is played by Alice and Bob on a finite graph G. They take turns properly coloring the vertices with t colors. The goal of Alice is to color the input graph with t colors, and Bob does his best to prevent it. If at any point there exists an uncolored vertex without available color, then Bob wins; otherwise Alice wins. The game chromatic number χg(G) of G is the smallest number t such that Alice has a winning strategy. In 1991, Bodlaender showed the smallest tree T with χg(T) equal to 4, and in 1993 Faigle et al. proved that every tree T satisfies the upper bound χg(T)≤4. The stars T = K1,p with p ≥ 1 are the only trees satisfying χg(T) = 2; and the paths T = Pn, n ≥ 4, satisfy χg(T) = 3. Despite the vast literature in this area, there does not exist a characterization of trees with χg(T) = 3 or 4. We answer a question about the required degree to ensure χg(T) = 4, by exhibiting infinitely many trees with maximum degree 3 and game chromatic number 4.
Klinisches Management der Choanalatresie
Authors: Maas Alexander Philippe , Strieth Sebastian , Send Thorsten
Published: September 2023

Die Choanalatresie (CA) ist eine seltene kongenitale Anomalie der nasalen Atemwege mit einer Inzidenz von 1/5000 bis 1/9000, die unilateral (uCA) oder bilateral (bCA) auftreten kann. Die bCA manifestiert sich als akuter Notfall unmittelbar nach der Entbindung durch akute Atemwegsobstruktion und paradoxe Zyanose, während die uCA neben der einseitigen Nasenatmungsbehinderung ein klinisch heterogenes Beschwerdebild aufweisen kann. Die fiberendoskopische Untersuchung ist in Verbindung mit der kranialen Computertomographie der Goldstandard in der diagnostischen Abklärung der CA. Die CA tritt häufig in Assoziation zu angeborenen Fehlbildungssyndromen auf, unter denen das CHARGE-Syndrom hervorzuheben ist. Aufgrund von kardiopulmonaler Instabilität und erschwerten Intubationsbedingungen sind syndromale CA-PatientInnen als eigene Risikogruppe aufzufassen. Nach Sicherung des Atemweges muss die bCA zeitnah operativ versorgt werden, während die Korrektur der uCA erst nach dem sechsten Lebensmonat erfolgen sollte. Die endoskopischen Operationstechniken sind der chirurgische Standard in der Versorgung der CA. Hierbei lassen sich unterschiedliche Herangehensweisen differenzieren: die transnasale Punktion der Atresieplatte mit anschließender Erweiterung nach medial und lateral, die Anlage eines Septumfensters mit anschließender posteriorer Vomer- und Atresieplattenresektion und die Anlage mukoperiostealer Lappen mit anschließender Eröffnung der Atresieplatte. Der transpalatinale Zugangsweg sollte nur noch in anatomisch komplexen Ausnahmefällen gewählt werden. Der Einsatz konventioneller choanaler Stents in der primären Versorgung der CA wird zunehmend zurückgewiesen und sollte Risikokonstellationen vorbehalten bleiben. Ebenso sollte auf die lokale Applikation von Mitomycin C verzichtet werden.
Solvent-Selective Synthesis of Diaryl Disulfides and Arylthio Acetic Acids Using Thioglycolic Acid and Copper Catalysts
Authors: Chae Junghyun , Kim Kyungmi , Shin Youngjin
Published: September 2023

An efficient Cu-catalytic protocol for the synthesis of diaryl disulfides from aryl iodides using thioglycolic acid as the sulfur source has been developed. This transformation was successful only in aqueous DMSO, and when the solvent system was switched to aqueous DMF, arylthio acetic acids, the immediate C–S coupling products, were obtained. Each synthetic protocol was optimized and applied to various aryl iodides to afford the corresponding products in good to excellent yields.
Solvent Effect on Base-Free Synthesis 4-Substituted 2-Oxazolines via Intramolecular Cyclodemesylation
Authors: Dalkılıç Erdin , Güneş Yakup
Published: September 2023

In this present study, the solvent effect was examined for the synthesis of 2-oxazolines via intramolecular cyclodemesylation. To determine the solvent effect, aprotic/protic polar and nonpolar solvents were screened and polar protic solvents met the best result. The remarkable feature of this synthesis is that cyclization takes place in the absence of any base or reagent, in high yields (89–96%). As a result, a series of 4-substituted chiral 2-oxazolines were successfully synthesized through a four-step process, with overall yields reaching between 79% and 88% in a greener approach.
Practical Steps of Shear Wave Elastography for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in an Adult Population
Authors: Choorakuttil Rijo Mathew , Chaubal Rajas N. , Arunachalam Venkatesh K. , Bagri Neha , Gupta Anjali , Bansal Jitender , Pratap Thara , Sodani Varsha , Nirmalan Praveen K.
Published: September 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing epidemic worldwide and is widely prevalent in India with a community-based study in South India reporting a prevalence of 49.8%. Imaging modalities are used to screen for NAFLD, identify different stages of the disease from early to advanced stages, and to monitor the progress of the condition and responsiveness to therapy. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging modalities are used to assess NAFLD but have limitations in availability and affordability. B-mode ultrasound provides a viable imaging alternative but only provides a gross assessment and the presence or absence of fibrosis. Shear wave elastography is a newer modality that allows for the measurement of tissue stiffness or elasticity in response to tissue deforming forces generated as shear waves. The changes in elasticity can usually be determined before obvious structural changes and can be used for early diagnosis of disease and to assess the progress of the condition. In this article, we present the practical steps to perform an ultrasound shear wave elastography for the assessment and staging of NAFLD.
Interventional Radiology in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Status and Looking Ahead
Authors: Aravind Ashish , Mukund Amar
Published: September 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and its incidence is on the rise. Although transplantation and surgical resection remain the definitive curative treatment options, only a minority of patients are eligible for these owing to advanced stage of disease at diagnosis. Over the last two decades, various interventional radiology (IR) therapies such as ablative and transarterial therapies, have come to the forefront of HCC management. IR also plays a role in preoperative management of HCC patients with procedures such as portal vein embolization. The recently updated Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system for HCC provides a guideline for choosing the optimum treatment modality for individual patients, with IR playing a central role. This review summarizes the different IR treatment options in HCC, including various ablative therapies, Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE), Transarterial Radioembolization (TARE), Portal Vein embolization, emphasizing patient selection, procedural considerations and response evaluation.
Imaging of Cervical Lymph Nodes
Authors: KM Keerthana , Kumar Jyoti
Published: September 2023

The occurrence of cervical lymph node metastases is the single most important prognostic factor for head and neck malignancy. It directly influences the staging of tumors, selection of treatment plan, and patient prognosis. Various head and neck cancers have the propensity to spread to different nodal stations in the neck. CT/MRI is routinely used to evaluate the patient of head and neck malignancy. Knowledge of various cervical nodal levels, as well as the preferential drainage pattern of various sites of head and neck malignancies, can aid in accurate imaging interpretation.
Artificial Intelligence: A Primer for the Radiologists
Authors: Bhatia Harsimran , Bhatia Anmol , Ahuja Chirag K. , Singh Arnavjit , Sodhi Kushaljit S.
Published: September 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized almost every sphere of life today by providing cutting-edge tools aimed at improving the quality of life. The term AI refers to any operating system or a software that mimics human intelligence and performs functions like the human mind with minimal human intervention. The present review article focuses on the basics of AI and the terminology used in the field of AI. Flowcharts and figures to facilitate easy understanding of its impact and its potential applications have also been provided. It is meant to serve as a primer for the beginner.
A Multicenter Retrospective Evaluation of Social Determinant of Health Z Code Usage among Pediatric Patients with Critical Care Visits during Pediatric Critical Care
Authors: Yoder Lisa , Williams Duane , Tian Zizhong , Shen Chan , Zhou Shouhao , Thomas Neal J. , Krawiec Conrad
Published: September 2023

Social determinants of health (SDOH) diagnostic codes may facilitate the deployment of appropriate resources to improve patient outcomes, but their use in critically ill pediatric populations is unknown. Our study aims to examine SDOH codes usage hypothesizing that it is underutilized. This is a retrospective observational cohort study utilizing the TriNetX electronic health record database. We included subjects aged less than 18 years with critical care services billing codes and analyzed demographics, International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition diagnostic codes, and SDOH diagnostic codes 1 year before, during (7 days before and after), and 1 year after critical care services. We included 73,444 subjects (1,150 [1.6%] SDOH codes present during; 1,015 [1.4%] 1 year before; and 1,710 [2.3%] 1 year after critical care services) from 39 health care organizations. The most common SDOH diagnostic code utilized was “problems related to upbringing” (50.4%). SDOH diagnostic codes were consistently significantly associated with diagnostic codes related to seizures. SDOH diagnostic code presence was infrequent in critically ill pediatric patients. These findings may indicate not only the underutilization of SDOH diagnostic code but also the underrepresentation of SDOH prevalence in this patient population.
Central Venous Catheter Placement Skill Acquisition Through Apprenticeship Training in Clinical Context during Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Fellowship: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Good Ryan J. , Miller Kristen R. , Kendall John L. , Czaja Angela S.
Published: September 2023

Pediatric critical care medicine (PCCM) fellows must develop competence in central venous catheter (CVC) placement. The impact of experiential learning opportunities in the clinical context on PCCM fellow CVC placement skill acquisition remains unknown. We sought to measure femoral CVC placement skill acquisition during fellowship and compare fellow to attending skill. We performed a prospective observational cohort study of PCCM fellows at the University of Colorado from 2019 to 2021. Femoral CVC placement skill was measured by attending evaluation of level of the supervision (LOS) required for the fellow, and hand motion analysis (HMA) on simulation task trainer. Competence in femoral CVC placement was defined as LOS ≥ 4 (can perform this skill independently) on a 5-point Likert scale. We compared fellow skill in femoral CVC placement to years of training and number of femoral CVCs placed. We also compared third-year fellow and attending HMA measurements. We recruited 13 fellows and 6 attendings. Fellows placed a median of 8 (interquartile range 7, 11) femoral CVCs during the study period. All fellows who reached third-year of fellowship during the study period achieved competence. Longitudinal analysis demonstrated improvement in CVC placement skill by both LOS and HMA as years of fellowship and number of femoral CVCs placed increased. Few third-year fellows achieved attending level skill in femoral CVC placement as measured by HMA. PCCM fellows acquired skill in CVC placement during fellowship and achieved competence in the procedure, but most did not reach attending level of skill.
The influencing factors underlying the vicious ecological vulnerability-low productivity-poverty cycle in China and overcoming its related policies
Authors: Liu Yong , Long Cuihong
Published: September 2023

There is often a vicious cycle that occurs in China encompassing ecological vulnerability, low productivity, and poverty. Existing research has not applied multiagent modelling and simulation (MAMS), which is a method suitable for analysing such complex systems. Therefore, the MAMS is here used to explore potential strategies for breaking this cycle. The MAMS method is based on complex adaptive systems and computer programs, and it includes both theoretical and simulation models, which can be used to simulate different scenarios and obtain visualized results. To sample representative poverty-stricken areas in China, the authors designed five breakthrough policy scenarios. The simulation results of these scenarios indicate that increasing the amount of arable land decreases the number of poor people. However, increasing the direct interventions of government does not reduce the number of the poor, nor does it change the Gini coefficient. On the other hand, increasing the number and variety of poverty alleviation opportunities available to the poor leads to a decrease in both the number of poor people and the Gini coefficient. These results of our five scenarios indicate that the optimal policy portfolio could be obtained by increasing the amount of arable land and providing more varied opportunities to help the poor participate in market activities while reducing direct government intervention. The combined design of these policies is conducive to breaking the vicious cycle of poverty.