bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPERATIONALIZING THE THEORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES TO ASSESS SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY AND SURVIVAL OF COASTAL COMMUNITIES IN NIGERIA
Authors: DAN-WONIOWEI FIE DAVID
Published: January 2023

This paper operationalizes the theory of environmental externalities to assess socio-ecological sustainability and the survival of coastal communities in Nigeria. It argues that petroleum exploitation activities of Multinational Oil Corporations (MNOCs)in the coastal and marine areas of the Niger Delta in Nigeria produce negative environmental externalities and impose them on the environment at the expense of the survival of the coastal communities as third parties. The paper adopts the library research technique for data collection, while the analyses were conducted in the realm of the theory of environmental externalities. In the end, the paper identifies the theory of environmental externalities as a veritable tool for demystifying the costs and benefits of petroleum exploitation in Nigeria. In the realm of the theory also, the paper was able to underscore the fact that the negative environmental externalities, which are outcomes of the petroleum exploitation activities in the coastal and marine areas of the Niger Delta in Nigeria to a large extent, negatively impact socio-ecological sustainability and the survival of coastal communities in the region. Consequently, the paper concludes that the negative spill-over effects of petroleum exploitation on the coastal and marine environment undermine socio-ecological sustainability and risk the survival of the coastal communities in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. Therefore, it recommends that the MNOCs, and the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN), which are the benefiting parties of the petroleum industry in the country should be more liable and adequately, compensate the coastal communities for the spill-over effects of the petroleum exploitation activities in the region. In addition, vital ecological regions should be identified and mapped out as protected areas (PAs) to avoid overexploitation on one hand, and on the other hand, to conserve the natural ecosystem resources the coastal communities depend on for survival in Nigeria..
ETHNO-RELIGIOUS CRISIS AND NIGERIA’S FEDERALISM: A STUDY OF JOS NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, PLATEAU STATE
Authors: ABDULYAKEEN ABDULRASHEED
Published: January 2023

Ethnic, political and religious crises are challenging Nigeria’s existence and its democracy. The issues at stake question Nigeria’s ethno-religious crisis and federalism: a study of the Jos North Municipality in Plateau State. The study adopts the survey design and the questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data. The analysis was performed using the simple percentage data analysis method. After careful analysis and interpretation of the data collected, it was found that issues such as the federal character, the quota system, and “indigenousness” that have entered the vocabulary and practice of federalism in Nigeria tend to generate ethnic, religious, and ultimately political tensions and instability. This calls into question the rationality of introducing the federal character principle in the first place. The research also shows that the federal character principle has had a negative impact on political, social and economic development in the Jos North Local Government Area. In the final presentation, the study recommends, among other things, strict compliance with the constitutional provisions on citizenship rights in relation to indigenous colonisation issues.
THE APPLICATION AND IMPLICATION OF COMBINING QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DATA IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES: A THIRD METHODOLOGICAL MOVEMENT IN CONTEXT
Authors: IGIEBOR GOD’STIME OSARIYEKEMWEN , OKONMAH EMMANUEL
Published: January 2023

Scholarly interest has increased in Mixed Methods Research (MMR) which has been christened the third methodological movement. The field of MMR has evolved its own methodological, theoretical, philosophical, analytical, and practical basics and constructs for conducting a Mixed Methods Study. Conducting research and gathering data in the behavioural sciences where the phenomena of investigation are majorly linked to human activities requires that the methodological approach be exhaustive and rich enough to enable valid generalizations. It is in this wise that the paper examines the relevance, applicability, and process of mixing methods and their usefulness in social research. It seeks to familiarize social scientists with the rudiments of mixing both qualitative and quantitative data in a single study, the rationale for mixing, the designs, as well as the steps involved. The descriptive approach was utilized for the study methodically and chronologically which ensured an adequate understanding of the subject of interest. The paper concludes that mixed methods research is desirable for superior evidence and valid generalizations. Thus, to add strength to strength and enrich data gathering in a social investigation, a more Mixed Methods Research study is advocated in the social sciences.
EXPLORING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTIONS OF PRE-COLONIAL NON-MECHANISED TRANSPORT SYSTEMS IN ILORIN EMIRATE
Authors: JAWONDO IBRAHIM A. , GIDADO MUHAMMAD BASHIR , ADAM HABEEBAH NIKE
Published: January 2023

Transport and transportation systems in pre-colonial Africa were important aspects of Nigeria’s pre-colonial socio-economic history. Prior to the period of colonial rule and the introduction of mechanised transport systems, the movement of goods and services across domestic and national borders was not alien to Nigerian pre-colonial societies. As against the colonial historiography which described pre-colonial transport and transportation systems as primitive, backward, and incapable of supporting economic growth and development, the article demonstrates, through a thorough examination of pre-colonial transport and transportation systems in the Ilorin Emirate, that such arguments are untrue. Ilorin Emirate, like other pre-colonial towns, has a record of different pre-colonial transportation systems in operation to support its economic growth, trade and market systems, and inter-economic relations. Among the pre-colonial transportation systems widely used in the Ilorin Emirate were the Porterage system and the use of animal packs (camel, horses, and donkeys). These identified pre-colonial non-mechanised transport systems contributed significantly to the growth and development of the Ilorin Emirate. Through these transportation systems, revenues were generated through tolls and taxes, and the expansion of trade and markets, among others, were experienced. The paper relies on primary and secondary sources of data to interrogate the contributions of pre-colonial non-mechanised transport systems.
АНАЛІЗ ВПЛИВУ РОЗПОДІЛЕНОЇ ГЕНЕРАЦІЇ ВІДНОВЛЮВАНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ ЕНЕРГІЇ НА РЕЗЕРВ АВТОМАТИЧНОГО ЧАСТОТНОГО РОЗВАНТАЖЕННЯ
Authors: Литвинчук В. А. , Каплін М. І. , Кармазін О. О.
Published: January 2023

Аналіз системних аварій в європейських енергосистемах, які мають частку відновлюваних джерел в структурі генерації, виявив недоліки діючих схем автоматичного частотного розвантаження (АЧР). Важливим фактажем цього було те, що система частотного розвантаження одномоментно відключала тим самим реле частоти частину навантаження і розподілену в мережі генерацію. З аналізу аварій можна було зробити висновок, що за умов, коли в енергосистемі є частка розподіленої генерації (РГ) виникає необхідність враховувати таку особливість для вибору обсягів і принципів налаштування уставок АЧР.
В роботі був проведений детальний аналіз організації замірів потужностей, підключених до реле частоти, параметрів схеми системи АЧР, яка діє в об’єднаній енергосистемі (ОЕС) України. На реальній схемі мікромережі було показано, що загальний обсяг розвантаження системи АЧР буде зменшуватися зі збільшенням частки потужності РГ.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ СИСТЕМ НАКОПИЧЕННЯ ЕНЕРГІЇ ДЛЯ ЗАДАЧ КЕРУВАННЯ РЕЖИМАМИ ЕЕС УКРАЇНИ: СТАН ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: Болотний М. П. , Лоєнко Ю. Г. , Кармазін О. О.
Published: January 2023

Застосування систем накопичення електричної енергіїдозволяє створити нові можливості для підвищення якості керування електричними режимами та поліпшитипоказники функціонування електроенергетичних систем. На сьогодні для накопичення енергії дедалі ширшезастосовуються нові типи накопичувачів − електрохімічні акумуляторні батареї, накопичувачі на стислому повітрі, надпровідникові накопичувачі, суперконденсатори, гідроакумулювальні електричні станції. Проведено короткий огляд основних типів накопичувачів енергії, що перебувають на різних стадіях розробки та впровадження. Представлено порівняння основних характеристик систем накопичення енергії,що використовуються в електроенергетиці. Визначено можливі сфери застосування систем накопичення енергії для регулювання усталених і перехідних режимів у ЕЕС України. Використання систем накопичення енергії дедалі ширше застосовуються в практиці регулювання режимів електроенергетичних систем і управління ними, підвищуючи надійність електропостачання споживачів.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ MOSFET-ТРАНЗИСТОРІВ У СОНЯЧНИХ ПАНЕЛЯХ
Authors: Бондаренко Д. В.
Published: January 2023

Робота присвячена використанню MOSFET-транзисторів під час побудови сонячної панелі. Зазначається, що для коректної роботи фотовольтаїчних елементів у сонячних панелях та роботи сонячних панелей на електростанціях використовуються шунтувальні та блокувальні діоди. Зазначено, що перспективнішим розвитком конструювання сонячних панелей є заміна таких діодів на MOSFET-транзистори. Оскільки такі транзистори мають низький внутрішній опір при прямому включенні, їх використання є доцільним. Показана можливість керування в сонячній панелі таким елементом як транзистор, на відміну від діоду. Таке керування можливо здійснювати від внутрішньої напруги на фотоелементах та від зовнішніх чинників. Також показана можливість динамічного з’єднання фотоелементів у сонячних панелях за допомогою MOSFET-транзисторів. Визначено, що для динамічної комутації паралельних і послідовних з’єднань потрібні три елементи електричного кола, відображено елементарне коло динамічних з’єднань. Побудована базова схема динамічної комутації фотоелементів у сонячній панелі з використанням польових транзисторів. Запропоновано шлях вирішення проблеми наявності паразитного діоду. Розглянуто використання двох з‘єднаних на зустріч MOSFET-транзисторів для динамічної комутації. Відмічено, що для керування таким колом доцільно використовувати програмовані логічні контролери, які можуть керувати комутацією з використанням заздалегідь завантаженої мікропрограми. На прикладі двох фотоелементів показана схема сонячної панелі з динамічними з’єднаннями фотоелементів і використанням збірок транзисторів та керуванням за допомогою контролера. Відмічено, що транзистори для динамічної комутації можуть бути використані як шунтувальні чи блокувальні діоди. Такий підхід дає змогу створювати універсальні та максимально інтегровані системи. Бібл. 14, рис. 9.
КОМПЛЕКСНІ РІШЕННЯ В СОНЯЧНІЙ ЕНЕРГЕТИЦІ
Authors: Матях С. В. , Рєзцов В.Ф. , Суржик Т. В.
Published: January 2023

У роботі представлено результати досліджень щодо розвитку вітчизняної сонячної енергетики, напрямів використання та перспектив впровадження гібридних сонячних енергосистем. Завдяки екологічним перевагам сонячних технологій та наявності значного енергетичного потенціалу сонячного випромінювання сонячна енергетика є одним із найперспективніших напрямів декарбонізації енергетики України. Встановлення Україною 2021 року більш високих цілей щодо скорочення викидів у Національно визначених внесках передбачає використання в загальній структурі електроенергетики значної частки сонячних потужностей. Широкомасштабне впровадження різних видів сонячних технологій сприятиме виходу держави зі складної енергетичної й екологічної ситуації. Нагальним на даний час є впровадження сонячного електроенергетичного та теплового обладнання у процесі відновлення зруйнованих під час війни та побудови нових будівель приватного і промислового призначення для забезпечення автономного електро- та теплопостачання житлових і виробничих об’єктів. Оскільки в Україні з кожним роком дедалі більше зростає попит на охолодження у теплий період року, актуальним стає використання сонячних теплових колекторів та комбінованих PVT-систем не тільки для опалення та гарячого водопостачання, але й для охолодження. Під час використання гібридних систем кондиціонування повітря, що повністю або частково отримують електричне живлення за рахунок фотоелектричного джерела, пік потенційного навантаження збігається з максимальним виробленням електроенергії. Тому цей напрям використання сонячної енергії є надзвичайно перспективним для застосування у різних сферах господарювання, зокрема у транспортному секторі.
Впровадження зразків гібридних сонячних енергосистем, компоновка яких представлена в роботі, забезпечить ефективне використання сонячної енергії в різних сферах господарювання та суттєве зменшення шкідливих викидів. Це є однією з пріоритетних задач як на сучасному етапі розвитку енергетичної галузі України, так і на довгострокову перспективу. Бібл. 20, рис. 4.
Children Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated with COVID: Updates of the Literature
Authors: Obeidat Maha Saleh Yousef , Khater Owis Ahmad Mustafa
Published: January 2023

The current investigation was carried out because of the realization that although though the effects of COVID-19 in children are milder in comparison to those in adults, severe symptoms can still be seen in children. This realization led to the decision to carry out the study. Multiple nations have reported cases of children exhibiting symptoms of a multisystem inflammatory syndrome that has been linked to COVID-19. The primary purpose of this investigation was to conduct a literature search focusing on this syndrome and the effects it has on children. According to the findings of this work, a severe acute infection with COVID-19 can put children at risk for developing a multisystem inflammatory syndrome that can be fatal. Several organs, including the kidneys and lungs, are susceptible to damage from this. The treatment of this syndrome was another topic of conversation. When considered together, a severe acute infection with COVID-19 or an infection with MIS-C can result in illnesses that have the potential to be fatal in children. This is especially true when the infections are combined.
The Relationship between Sleep Patterns and Stress Levels during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Students of the Faculty of Public Health, Sam Ratulangi University
Authors: Pangemanan Damajanty Hellen Carol , Assa Youla Anatje , Kalesaran Angela Fitriani Clementine
Published: January 2023

The Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 pandemic is one of the main health threats to every individual of all nations, continents, races, and age groups. The high number of confirmed positive cases and the high death rate in Indonesia, as well as the outbreak of COVID-19 in Indonesia, has caused a lot of anxiety, not only from the health sector but also a major impact on the education sector, which has negative psychological effects in the form of post-traumatic stress symptoms, confusion, and anger which can be a factor causing students to experience sleep patterns and stress problems. The type of research used is observational analytical research with a cross-sectional design. The research instruments used were the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Scale questionnaire and the depression anxiety stress questionnaire (DASS21). To test for the existence of a relationship between sleep patterns and stress levels, Spearman’s rho test was used. The respondents in this study were 215 students of the Faculty of Public Health. The majority of students experienced impaired sleep patterns (60.9%), and most experienced normal stress levels (32.6%). Students who experienced disturbed sleep patterns, most experienced very severe stress levels (18.6%). From Spearman’s rho correlation test, significant results were found with a p-value of < 0.05, which is 0.000, which means that there is a significant relationship between sleep patterns and stress levels. The conclusion obtained from this study is that there is a significant relationship between sleep patterns and stress levels during the covid 19 pandemic in students of the Faculty of Public Health, Sam Ratulangi University.
Comparison between Neuraxial & General Anesthesia
Authors: Salam Dr. Rumana , Abbasi Dr. Md. Abdullah , Sharif Dr. Md. Minhaj
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Anesthetics are used every day in thousands of hospitals to induce loss of consciousness. Neuraxial anesthesia results from pharmacologic denervation at the level of the spinal cord and many receptors, molecular targets, and neuronal transmission pathways contribute to general anesthesia. This study aimed to compare the overall outcome along with the advantages and disadvantages of neuraxial and general anesthesia. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Anesthesia, NICVD, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study was carried out from October 2021 to September 2022. A total of 100 patients were selected as study subjects as per inclusion criteria. For the study purpose, the subjects were divided into two groups, group A (those who underwent neuraxial anesthesia) and group B (those who underwent general anesthesia). Result: Out of 100 study subjects, 70.0% of patients underwent neuraxial anesthesia (Group A) and 30.0% of patients underwent general anesthesia (Group B). Regarding intraoperative advantages, 1.0% of patient needed oxygen in group A and 100.0% of patients needed oxygen in group B, none needed endotracheal intubation in group A and 100.0% of patients needed this in group B, only 1.0% of patients needed muscle relaxant in group A and 100.0% of patients needed muscle relaxant in group B, consciousness was intact in all patient in group A, and none in group B, 1.0% of patients experienced laryngospasm in group A and 60.0% of patients experienced it in group B, moreover, hypotension was occurred in 10.0% of patients in group A and 50.0% of patients in group B, potential change in surgical approach was possible in 8.0% of patients in group B and none in group A, 1.0% of patients needed opioid analgesic in group A and 99.0% of patients needed opioid analgesic in group B. Concerning postoperative complications, 1.0% of patients experienced delayed reversal from anesthesia in group A while 20.0% of patients .......
Secondary Aortoenteric Fistula on Aortofemoral Prosthesis: An Unusual Clinical Observation
Authors: Gakosso Christ Labretesche Gracia , Meradi Mehadi , Arblade Stéphane , Bergheuil Safia
Published: January 2023

Secondary aorto-digestive fistulas are a rare but extremely serious complication of aortic prostheses. As the symptoms, if any, are often not very specific, the diagnosis is often difficult and must always be based on a whole series of justifications including medical imaging. Early diagnosis is essential and this fistula should be the first option considered in a patient with an abdominal aortic prosthesis who presents rectal bleeding or melaena (even to a small degree), sepsis and/or abdominal pain. The CT scan is the examination of choice, the criteria providing evidence of a fistula being the presence of gaseous images in a peri and intraprosthetic fluid collection, the thickening and / or retraction of the intestinal walls on contact, the existence of a false aneurysm, and finally, very rarely, the extravasation of contrast medium in the intestinal lumen. In this clinical case, we present a patient with fistulized aortofemoral prosthesis in the fourth portion of the duodenum highlighted on CT and confirmed intraoperatively.
Rare Location of Aneurysmal Bone Cyst: The 5th Metacarpal: A Case Report
Authors: Mhaili J. , Jaouaher M. , Zouita I. , Basraoui D. , Jalal H.
Published: January 2023

Aneurysmal bone cyst is a benign, locally destructive bone lesion occurring most often in the metaphysis of long bones. However, it is a truly rare tumor with pathological and radiological features common to other benign and malignant bone lesions, the diagnosis being all the more difficult when the tumor is of unusual location. We report a case of a very rare location in the 5th metacarpal.
Cancer: Its Symptoms, Challenges and Opportunities in Research in India: A Review
Authors: Wani Ajaz Ahmed
Published: January 2023

Cancer is uncontrolled division of the cells and has to capability to evade central endogenous control mechanism and as result of this spread to the surrounding tissue. The accumulating knowledge about development and progression of cancer can be used to develop more precise diagnostic and more effective and or less toxic cancer therapies. It is the second leading cause of death worldwide. After cardiac disease cancer has emerged as an important cause of mortality and morbidity in India. In 2019 annual cases grew by 23.6 million and 10 million deaths worldwide. The article compiled with the objective to know regarding the challenges and opportunities in cancer research in India.
Performance of PILLCAMSB3 Video-Capsule Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of the Non-Small Bowel Hemorrhagic Lesions Undetected by Upper and Lower Digestive Endoscopy
Authors: Tahiri Houda , Salihoun M. , Serraj I. , Acharki M. , Kabbaj N.
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Videocapsule endoscopy (VCE) is a minimally invasive approach to visualize the mucosal surface of the gastrointestinal tract. It was initially used in the evaluation of small-bowel lesions, however many studies showed that it has a potential role in evaluating other digestive segments as the stomach and large bowel. Our study aim to assess the diagnostic performance of VCE after a non-conclusive upper and lower digestive endoscopy and to highlight the comfort and the diagnostic efficiency of this tool. Materials and Methods: In this monocentric and descriptive study, we include all patients who underwent a Pillcam SB3 VCE (59 patients), from July 2018 to Semptember 2022, after a normal gastroscopy and ileocoloscopy. All the patients received a preparation by PEG (2l the day before ingestion of the capsule) with clear broth the day before the examination, and a 10 days off oral iron if previously prescribed. Results: 59 patients were included and 15 VCE (25%) allowed the diagnosis of non-small haemorrhagic lesions, unnoticed by usual endoscopy. The main indication for VCE was an unxplained digestive bleeding (73%) with an average hemoglobin level of 5,4g/dL. The mean age was 59 years (23-90 years) with a femal predominance (sex-ratio:0,6). 40% of the patients had a chronic renal failure, 13% had a portal hypertension, 13% had a history of heart disease, 6% had a Rendu-Osler disease. 13% of patients were on antiplatelet agent, 6% on anticoagulants therapy and 6% on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The mean time between the onset of symptoms and the VCE was 26,3months. The lesions noticed by VCE were: angiodysplasia (80%), with different localizations: gastric (46%), duodenal (21%), cecal (21%), bulbar (12%) and Forrest III gastric ulcerations (20%). The diagnostic yield of VCE in non-small bowel hemorrhagic lesions was 25%. Conclusion: The VCE represents the most patient-friendly alternative method of examination. It is a first-line approach in the evaluation of small-bowel lesions, but it can also detect upper and lower digestive lesions. However, we believe that the slightest doubt concerning the quality of the first upper and lower digestive endoscopies in patients with digestive bleeding and/or anemia should lead to the repetition of the conventional endoscopies before performing VCE.
Neonatal Femoral Fracture: 5 Years of Experience
Authors: Ullah Md. Saif , Ferdous Kazi Md Noor-ul , Alam Muhammad Rashedul , Biswas Proshanto Kumar , zaman Md. Moniruz
Published: January 2023

Background: In the absence of any postnatal trauma, birth fractures are those that are identified within the first week of life. Infant birth-related injuries are generally infrequent and are caused by trauma during delivery, especially when the infant is particularly large or presented breech. Methods: This investigation was a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out at Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute, Dhaka, in the department of Burn & Reconstructive Surgery. The study was carried out between June 2015 and July 2020. The study used a 21 neonates as sample basis. Result: In this retrospective study, the gestational age of 1 patient was 35 Weeks and followed by two were 36 weeks, 4 were 37 weeks, 6 were 38 weeks, 5 were 39 weeks, and 3 were 40 weeks. 11(52%) were female and 10(48%) were male. Majority 13(62%) patients fracture were right site and 8(38%) were left. 13 newborns, or 61.9% of them, were weighted ≥2500 g. Nine infants (42.9%) were delivered vaginally, while 12 (57.1%) underwent Caesarean sections. When the fetus was presented, it was cephalic in seven cases (33.3%) and breech in fourteen (66.7%). Depending on the fracture's location and angulation, the appropriate treatment option was chosen. Femoral shaft fractures were treated in a toe-groin cast, 5(23.8%), while subtrochanteric fractures were treated by strapping 16(76.2%) of the thigh to the abdomen. Conclusion: Even though femoral fractures now are uncommon, but after birth they should be watched for, especially in challenging caesarean sections.
Management of Paediatric Geographic Tongue: Systematic Review
Authors: Khan Dr. Siraj DAA , Al-Aqil Fahad Hadi , Alyami Hadi Hamad , Swidan Fahad Yahya Al , Alqathia Nasser Saleh Salem , Algfenh Yassin Mana M , Almakaeel Nasser Ali Awad
Published: January 2023

Geographic tongue (GT) is a benign condition with uncertain etiology that affects the tongue and form filiform papillae giving it a patchy appearance. It is also called benign migratory glossitis. Various terminologies are used to describe this condition i.e.; benign migratory glossitis ((BMG), wandering rash, annulus migrans and erythema migrans. The clinical presentation of GT may different from asymptomatic to burning and painful condition. The aim of this review is to find the possible treatments/management for BMG to treat the pediatric patients with this disease. A search was carried out using different terms to find the related articles. Total 6 studies were used which described the possible managements of GT. there is no proper scientifically prove treatments is present, however application of tacrolimus and good oral hygiene can be recommended in symptomatic conditions. Asymptomatic condition needs no treatment while to reduce pain in symptomatic GT various managements can be prescribed.
Evaluation and Management of Developmental Dysplasia of Hip (DDH) in Children - Our Experience
Authors: Ullah Md. Saif , Ferdous Kazi Md Noor-ul , Mahmud S M , Hasan Mohammad Nazmul , Alam Md Mazharul
Published: January 2023

Introduction: DDH is the most common congenital anomaly of the musculoskeletal system in newborns. The disease ranges from a simple flattening of the acetabular cavity to the complete dislocation of the femoral head. Most developed countries report an incidence of 1.5 to 20 cases of DDH per 1000 births, depending in part on the methods of screening used. It includes a wide spectrum of hip alterations: neonatal instability; acetabular dysplasia; hip subluxation; and true dislocation of the hip. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the management of the Developmental Dysplasia of Hip (DDH) in children. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January2018 to December 2021. Result: In total 54 neonates completed the study. In our study we found majority (53.70%) of children were aged less than 4 months old. Followed by 25.93% & 20.37% were aged 1-2 months & 3-4 months respectively. Majority of neonates were girls (61.11%) compared to boys (38.89%). The highest risk factors of DDH was breech presentation (19%).We found that majority of neonates (70.37%) had dysplasia on left side and 7.41% had dysplasia on right side respectively. The prevalence of bilateral condition was 12(22.22%). Conclusion: DDH a common congenital anomaly that can be successfully treated non-operatively if detected early. For older individuals with dislocated or unstable hips, surgery is necessary. Surgery's function in treating acetabular dysplasia in children is changing and largely determined by symptoms. Expanding therapy choices for DDH and improved anatomical patient assessment skills among doctors will result in the proper intervention at the right time.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Di Kelas IX SMP Negeri 20 Bandung)
Authors: Giri Yasinta
Published: January 2023

Pendidikan sebagai tempat yang penting dalam pembangunan nasional    hendaknya dapat mencetak siswa yang memiliki kapabilitas sebagai manusia dengan kriteria mampu memecahkan masalah. Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning diharapkan menjadi salah satu alternative permasalahan dan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa.Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning mampu meningkatkan kemampuan  pemecahan masalah siswa pada mata pelajaran PKn. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, sedangkan metodenya adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dan tekhnik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, studi dokumentasi dan litelatur. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 20 Bandung, dengan guru PKn dan siswa siswi Kelas IX sebagai subjek penelitan.Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah (a) langkah-langkah yang dilakukan guru untuk mempersiapkan pembelajaran PKn yaitu penyusunan silabus, dan RPP (b) Implikasi model pembelajaran problem based learning terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa pada mata pelajaran PKn adalah model pembelajaran yang mampu meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa (c) Kendala yang dihadapi guru dalam menerapkan model pembelajaran problem based learning antara lain guru yang terlalu kaku dalam hubungannya dengan siswa sehingga suasana kelas yang “menyenangkan” sulit untuk di bangun (d) Upaya untuk mengatasi kendala yang dihadapi guru adalah guru berusaha untuk menjadi fasilitator pembelajaran dengan membangun suasana yang kondusif.
Influencia de la condición corporal en la productividad de vacas lecheras
Authors: Ana Carla Mariscal Gutierrez , Mariscal Padilla Carlos Arturo
Published: January 2023

La condición corporal es la cantidad de grasa o de energía almacenada que posee una vaca, reflejada en el estado nutricional. Para evaluar la influencia de condición corporal (CC) en la productividad de vacas lecheras de predios lecheros Trinidad-Casarabe del departamento del Beni, Bolivia (2019-20), se estudiaron 167 vacas en lactancia manejadas en sistemas comerciales de producción a pastoreo. Se midió la CC de las vacas utilizando el dispositivo Vetscore. Los resultados se distribuyeron en tres categorías, CC adecuada (61,08 %), CC baja (37,13 %), CC alta (1,80 %) (p < 0.05). La distribución más frecuente del score de CC baja del hato por las variables observadas: Raza Holstein (13,17 %), Mestiza (10,18 %), Girolando (8,38 %) (p < 0.05). Por edad (mases) (14,37 %) mayores a 61 meses (p < 0.05). Periodo de lactancia (7,78 %) primer tercio, (22,75 %) segundo, (6,59 %) tercero (p < 0.05). Condición de salud, (37,13 %) vacas enfermas (p < 0.05). Producción diaria de leche (kg) (19,76 %) <5 de kg/leche/día, (17,37 %), >5/10 kg/leche/día (p > 0.05). Concluyendo, las proporciones observadas en las tres categorías de CC en vacas en lactancia de predios estudiados son diferentes (p < 0.05), existiendo asociación entre CC y la raza, edad, periodo de lactancia, estado de salud (p < 0.05). La CC y producción diaria de leche (kg) son similares sin asociarse (p > 0.05).
SCREENING OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FROM SELECTED SAUDI HONEY PRODUCED BY APIS MELLIFERA JEMENTICA
Authors: Hussain M.B. , Aly Y.M.K.M. , Jiman Fatani A.A.M. , Ullah Zia , Qureshi I.A. , Bakarman M.A. , Yasir M , Al-Maqaar Saleh M,
Published: January 2023

Honey is receiving worldwide attention as an excellent source of probiotics because it contains lactic acid bacteria (LAB) derived from bees as well as multiple essential nutrients, including prebiotics, required for maintaining and enhancing the growth of probiotics. There is limited information on the presence of LAB in honey, especially in Saudi Arabia. Consequently, the purpose of the current study was to isolate and identify LAB from selected honey samples produced by Apis mellifera jementica obtained from various areas around Saudi Arabia using classical cultivation methods and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The current study examined seventeen commercially sold honey samples, mainly from Saudi Arabia's Al-Baha, Aseer, and Jeddah (Hada Al-Sham) regions. LAB were isolated from honey samples and grown on De Man-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS) agar. The phenotypic characterization of honey isolates was ascertained using Gram staining, microscopy, and the catalase test. Using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, isolates were genotypically described. Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Enterococcus faecium were identified from Sidr, Talah, and Somra honey produced by Apis mellifera jementica. The P02, P14, and Con-6 strains were found to share > 99% of their DNA with Lactobacillus rhamnosus by 16S rRNA sequencing investigations, while the P01, P03, and P04 strains shared > 99% of their DNA with Enterococcus faecium. Additionally, the phylogenetic tree reveals that the honey strains isolated from Sidr (P02) and Talah (P14) were closely linked to Lactobacillus rhamnosus, whereas P01 (Sidr), P03 (Somra), and P04 (Somra) were most closely connected to Enterococcus faecium. According to the research, honey produced by Apis mellifera jementica is a beneficial source of probiotics and lactic acid bacteria.
Keywords: probiotics, lactic acid bacteria, honey, Sidr, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, prebiotics, Enterococcus faecium.
HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS OF COPPER AND NICKEL IN PERI-URBAN VEGETABLE AGRO-ECOSYSTEM OF MULTAN, PAKISTAN
Authors: Afzal H , Ali M , Sajjad A , Nawaz F , Saeed S
Published: January 2023

Industrialization and urbanization are the major contributors of heavy metal accumulation in soil and vegetables grown under peri-urban agro-ecosystems in Pakistan where farmers usually mix sewage waste water with irrigation water. However, the heavy metal accumulation among different functional groups of insects (i.e. pollinators, pests and predators) largely remains unknown under peri-urban agro-ecosystems. Therefore current study was planned to evaluate the accumulation of copper and nickel heavy metals in insect pollinators, predators and pests on luffa gourd grown in three peri-urban areas of Multan i.e. Soraj Miani,,Vehari Chowk and Rangeelpur. Source of irrigation at Soraj Miani was industrial and household sewage water while it was only household sewage water at other two locations. From each of the location, samples of three insect groups (Apis dorsata, Chrysoperla carnea and Spodoptera litura) were collected along with samples of water, plant, and soil. These samples were analyzed using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) in order to quantify the accumulation of copper and nickel heavy metals. It was found that residues of copper and nickel metals were present in samples of soil (0.75 Cu, 0.57 Ni μg/g), water (0.10 Cu, 0.14 Ni μg/g), plants (0.13 Cu, 0.19 Ni μg/g) and insect pest (0.15 Cu, 0.15 Ni μg/g) up to varying extent. Therefore, heavy metals can pose serious threat to ecosystem services of pollination and predation in per-urban agro-ecosystem. Future studies should further investigate the impact of heavy metals on other important pollinators and predators in sewage waste water irrigated agro-ecosystems
Keywords: ecosystem services; insect pests; pollinators; predators; vegetables
WHEAT GENOTYPES ASSESSMENT FOR SALINITY TOLERANCE USING MULTIVARIABLE SELECTION APPROACHES
Authors: Arain S.M. , Faheem M , Laghari K.A. , Sial M.A.
Published: January 2023

The salinity tolerance indices, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis were employed to evaluate the 16 wheat genotypes for agro-morphological traits under normal and saline (834-1850ppm/pH 7.3-7.5 soils) conditions for two consecutive years 2015 and 2016 at the Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tando Jam, Sindh, Pakistan. Combined analysis of variance revealed significant variations among the studied genotypes. Moreover, a significant interaction of genotype by year was observed only between grain yield and grains per spike indicated importance of the trait for improvement of grain yield in wheat. Correlation of Ys (yield under stress) and Yp (yield under non-stress) with tolerance index (TOL), stress stability index (SSI), yield stability index (YSI) and yield index (YI) indicated that mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean (HM) and STI (stress tolerance index) were found as better indicators of Ys and Yp. The principal component analysis revealed two components that justified 73.23% of the total variation. Bi-plot and cluster analyses classified the genotypes i.e., V3-10-9, V3-10-31, and V3-10-32 based on MP, GMP, STI, and HM indices as stable and high yielding, while C3-98-8 and V2-10-15 based on YSI and YI. These genotypes could be exploited directly in the varietal release program and or as a source of potential donors to stack genes for salinity tolerance.
Keywords: Genotype by environment interactions, salinity tolerance, stress selection indices, principal component analysis, Bi-plot, cluster analysis, correlation, wheat
GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG 15 XANTHOCERAS SORBIFOLIUM CULTIVARS USING SSR MARKERS AND PHENOTYPIC TRAITS
Authors: Wang Y.L. , Zhu L.Z. , Li Y
Published: January 2023

Xanthoceras sorbifolium is an important plants used for biofuel production and woody edible oil, which is cultivated in northern China. A number of cultivars have been selected by breeders, but little information has been available about their genetic relationships. The genetic diversity among 15 X. sorbifolium cultivars were evaluated combined using the eight fruit and ten seed phenotypic traits and twenty-six SSR loci. Significant variations in all phenotypic traits studied were observed. The mean coefficient of variation for phenotypic traits was 11.86%, and seed traits (12.09%)> fruit traits (11.58%). Based on the phenotypic traits 14 cultivars (one cultivar was fruitless) were clustered in three main groups and five subgroups, and reasonable utilization of each subgroup was suggested. According the twenty-six SSR loci 97 genotypes and 89 alleles were detected. The mean value of number of alleles, polymorphism information content, gene diversity and Shannon's information index (I) were 3.4231, 0.4375,0.3104 and 0.4760, respectively, indicating that the genetic diversity was medium among 15 cultivars of X. sorbifolium. Based on genetic distance, the 15 cultivars were classified into three main groups with a coefficient of variation of 0.64. These results can provide a groundwork for future cultivar identification and breeding programs in X. sorbifolium.
Key words: X. sorbifolium, Genetic relationship, SSR markers, Morphological traits
IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF CURCUMA SPAGANIFOLIA GAGNEP., A RARE PLANT SPECIES FROM THAILAND
Authors: Saensouk S , Phookabhin B , Muangsan N , Chumroenpath T , Saensouk P
Published: January 2023

Curcuma spaganifolia Gagnep., belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, has attracted widespread attention due to its considerable economic importance. The conventional propagation method for ginger family takes a long time for multiplication due to the low propagation rate and poor seed germination, therefore, tissue culture is an important method for the manipulation of plants for higher propagation. The present study deals with the in vitro and ex vitro conservation of C. spaganifolia Gagnep., a rare plant species from Thailand. Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with different concentrations of plant growth regulators, i.e., cytokinins (benzyladenine (BA) 6-furfurylamino purine (Kinetin), N, phenyl-N’-1,2,3 thidiazole-5-yl urea (TDZ), auxins (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)), indole butyric acid (IBA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were used to study the effect of plant growth regulators for eight weeks. Good development of shoot multiplication was observed in the MS media supplemented with 2 mgL-1 Kinetin, which produced the highest number of shoots per explant (3 shoots/explant) and roots per explant (9.57 roots/explant). Long divided microshoots of C. spaganifolia Gagnep. cultured on liquid MS media supplemented with 2 mgL-1 Kinetin and 1.5 mgL-1 IAA, showed significantly higher numbers of shoots and roots than the undivided microshoot explants. Acclimatization was successful when transplanted into soil, burned rice husk, sand and soil:burned rice husk (1/1 w/w) with 100% survival rate.
Key words: Curcuma spaganifolia Gagnep., Plant Tissue Culture, Propagation, Rare Plant, Zingiberaceae
WATERBIRD MIGRATION IN TAUDAHA LAKE, KATHMANDU, NEPAL: UNDERSTANDING FACTORS DRIVING MIGRATION AT A SMALL STOPOVER SITE
Authors: Khatri K.B. , Katuwal H.B. , Sharma S , Sharma H.P.
Published: January 2023

Anthropogenic activities in the wetland and surrounding land are threatening the waterbirds. Population dynamics and waterbirds’ arrival and departure dates are also influenced by wetland characteristics, food availability, and weather conditions. However, this information is rarely available for Taudaha Lake, a small stopover site in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, for many north-south migratory waterbirds. We observed the waterbird species, counted their number, and recorded their exact arrival date (October 2019) and departure date from January 2019 to April 2020. In addition, we recorded the air temperature and humidity of the lake during the monitoring time to identify the potential effects of these weathers on the arrival departure of migratory waterbirds. We developed a linear model to understand the factors influencing the arrival and departure of migratory waterbirds. Altogether we recorded ten migratory waterbird species, including one globally threatened species that used Taudaha as a stopover site during their migration. Arrival and departure times vary among the species. With increasing temperature, the migratory bird population decreases at the lake. Despite smaller area, Taudaha Lake at Kathmandu Valley acts as an important stopover site to facilitate the north-south migration of waterbirds. Therefore, we recommend local government to avoid concrete constructions on the lake.
Key words: Arrival and departure time, Bird migration, Stopover site, Temperature, Waterbirds
SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF CITRIC ACID AND PHYTASE SUPPLEMENTED CANOLA MEAL BASED DIET ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF CYPRINUS CARPIO FINGERLINGS
Authors: Arsalan M.Z. , Hussain S.M. , Javid A , Hussain M , Manzoor R , Jalees M.M. , Rehan M.M. , Sharif A
Published: January 2023

A 3×3 factorial arrangement was used to determine the synergistic effects of citric acid (CA) and phytase (PHY) supplemented canola meal (CM) based diet on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of Cyprinus carpio fingerlings. Canola meal was used as a main ingredient to prepare diets by replacing fishmeal at graded levels such as: 0%, 25%, 50% and 75%. These diets were further supplemented by different levels of CA (0% and 2.5%) and PHY (0 and 750 FTU kg-1) to formulate a total of 16 test diets. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was followed to add diets to the fish groups. Chromic oxide (Cr2O3) was added as an indigestible marker. Fish were fed at the rate of 5% of their live wet weight. The findings of study revealed that the maximum weight gain% (267.81%), SGR (1.44) and the lowest value of FCR (1.32) were noted when fingerlings were fed on test diet T12 containing 50% canola meal with 750 FTUkg-1 PHY and 2.5% CA supplementation as compared to fish fed on control diet (T1) having 0% canola meal and without any concentration of CA and PHY. Similarly, optimum nutrient digestibility values such as crude protein (75.06%), crude fat (83.31%) and gross energy (66.45%) were noted when fish fed on the same diet (T12). It may be concluded that fish meal could be optimally replaced with canola meal up to 50%, when supplemented with PHY (750 FTU kg-1) and CA (2.5%).
Key words: C. carpio, phytase, citric acid, canola meal, growth, nutrient digestibility
POLYMORPHISMS IN BMPR1B AND INHβA GENES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LITTER SIZE IN INDIGENOUS SHEEP OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Basrin R , Khanom R , Hossain M.M. , Islam M.S. , Bhuiyan A.K.F.H. , Bhuiyan M.S.A.
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the study was to detect the genetic polymorphisms in the fragments of four transforming growth factors β superfamily genes (BMPR1B, INHβA, BMP15 and GDF9) and to investigate their possible association with litter size trait in Bangladeshi indigenous sheep population. Previously reported six significantly associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of those aforementioned genes were included in this study. A panel of 12 samples were sequenced from each gene fragment for polymorphism detection. Multiple sequence alignment revealed polymorphic sites only for BMPR1B (c.746A>G) and INHβA (c.218A>G) gene fragments in indigenous sheep of Bangladesh. However, four other polymorphisms located in GDF9 [c.260G>A (FecG1) and c.1184C>T (FecG8)] and BMP15 [c.69C>T (FecX-H and c.718C>T (FecX-G)] gene fragments were absent in the studied populations. PCR-RFLP and resequencing were employed for genotyping of BMPR1B and INHβA polymorphisms, respectively. The mean litter size of ++, +B and BB genotypes of BMPR1B gene were 1.19±0.07, 1.44±0.09 and 2.13±0.09, respectively. Besides, the average litter size of AA, AG and GG genotypes of INHβA gene mutation was 2.11±0.39, 1.70±0.30 and 2.83±0.40, respectively. Litter size had significant association with BMPR1B (p<0.05) and INHβA (p<0.01) genotypes and regional population specific and therefore, could be used as molecular markers for improving prolificacy of Bangladeshi indigenous sheep.
Key words: Single nucleotide polymorphism, allele, genotype, sheep, prolificacy, Bangladesh
DIFFERENT EXPRESSION SIGNATURES OF GENES RELATED TO PRRSV INFECTION AND RESISTANCE IN HEALTHY LUNG TISSUES FROM FOUR CHINESE PIG BREEDS
Authors: Song Y.X. , Xue J.Z. , Li J.J. , Yang Y , Feng Z , Pei Y.L.
Published: January 2023

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a chronic disease, which is related to reproductive and respiratory and caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV) binding to specific porcine receptors in pigs. Different pig breeds have different infection and resistance abilities to PRRSV. To study the expression levels of genes related to PRRSV infection and resistance in healthy lung tissues form different pig breeds, we collected lung tissue from healthy Tibetan pigs (TB), Wuzhishan pigs (WZS)，and Meishan pigs (MS), as well as Bama mini-pigs (BM). For each breed, we used three independent biological replicates. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to detect the expression levels of CD163, CD169, CD151, MYD88, TRAF6, TLR3, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, CCl4, NF-kB, and CD86. The results showed that CD163, CD169, CD151, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, CCl4 and NF-kB had significant differences among different breeds. Our results of different related gene expression among pig breeds might provide new insights into the genetic strategies for improvement of resistance to PRRSV infection in pigs.
Key words: PRRSV receptor genes, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, CCl4, NF-kB