bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Auxin and Gibberellin on Vegetable Crops: A Review
Authors: Faruk Mohd. , Kumar Mashetty Rakesh , Arya Dhaneshvari , Panda Monalisa , Kumar Rakesh , Fartiyal Pooja , Yadav Agnivesh
Published: August 2023

Plant growth regulators, also known as phytohormones, are a class of organic chemicals, either naturally occurring or artificially synthesised, that exert control over specific physiological processes in plants. The application of these substances elicits a range of effects on vegetables, encompassing seed germination, the disruption of seed dormancy, the commencement of flowering, the induction of gametocidal effects, the promotion of fruit set, the stimulation of parthenocarpy, and the facilitation of fruit ripening, among others. Auxin plays crucial factor in the development of several vegetable crops, including cucurbits. Notably, the application of Naphthalene acetic acid at a concentration of 10 ppm has been observed to exert a significant influence on sex expression, fruit set, and overall production in cucumber plants. The application of 4-CPA resulted in the greatest quantity of commercially viable fruit in tomato plants. The application of Naphthalene acetic acid at a concentration of 40 ppm exhibited the most substantial enhancements in leaf area, percentage of fruit set, total fruit production, as well as the quantity and weight of seeds per fruit in chilli plants. The treatment involving the application of 80 ppm Naphthalene acetic acid in brinjal resulted in the observation of increased fruit length, average weight of fruit per plant, and greatest fruit diameter. Gibberellin is also of significant importance, since it participates in using the gibberellic acid route to produce tomato plants that exhibit enhanced performance in both irrigated and water-limited environments, hence increasing their drought tolerance. The application of GA3 at a concentration of 75 ppm has been found to be highly beneficial in improving vegetative growth and yield characteristics in brinjal, as well as in several other vegetable crops as detailed in the present study. Additionally, they serve a crucial function in augmenting the output and productivity of many vegetables breeding programmes, and ensuring food safety.
Effect on Vegetative Growth and Development of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) in Potting Mixture System under Shade Net Conditions cv. Winter Dawn
Authors: Tarafdar Mithun , Mishra Saket , Singh Ravi Kumar , Kumar Ashish , Ekka Shashi Kant
Published: August 2023

In Prayagraj agro climatic conditions strawberry is produced with high-technology, but there is little research on the productivity of strawberry in Potting media mixture under shade net conditions. The present study was conducted to compare single potting media for the strawberry. The conventional method was used for the comparison study. In this method, uniform runners of the strawberry cultivar Winter Dawn were grown in pots with growing medium consisting of goat manure, vermiculite, and peat moss in various ratios on a volume-to-volume basis. Additionally, Ponic green's 3-part Nute hydroponic nutrient set was applied to the plants via foliar spray at fortnightly intervals. In order to meet the nutritional requirements of each individual plant and ensure that the uppermost layer of the pots remained adequately moist, the irrigation process was carefully monitored. Based on both years2021- 22research trail findings of this study. It was determined to have the greatest growth traits for every growth, flowering and fruit weight criteria.
Effect of Spacing and Biofertilizers on Growth and Yield of Chickpea
Authors: Singh Akash , Umesha C. , Kiran V. Uday
Published: August 2023

The field experiment was conducted during rabi 2022-23, at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 6.9), low in organic carbon (0.32%), available N (283.93 kg/ha), available P (18.3 kg/ha) and available K (223.5 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments viz. T1: Spacing 20 cm x 15 cm + Uninoculated, T2: Spacing 20 cm x 15 cm + Rhizobium, T3: Spacing 20 cm x 15 cm + PSB, T4: Spacing 30 cm x 10 cm + Uninoculated, T5: Spacing 30 cm x 10 cm + Rhizobium, T6: Spacing 30 cmx 10 cm + PSB, T7: Spacing 40 cm x 10 cm + Uninoculated, T8: Spacing 40 cm x 10 cm + Rhizobium, T9: Spacing 40 cm x 10 cm + PSB and T10: Control: 100% RDF each replicated thrice. The results of the experiment obtained that application of Rhizobium (20 g/kg seeds) along with the Spacing 30cmx10cm significantly increased the growth parameters viz. plant height (46.79 cm), number of nodules (31.93/plant), plant dry weight (22.11 g/plant) and yield parameters viz. number of pods per plant (36.80), seed index (22.15 g), seed yield (3.44 t/ha) and stover yield (4.28 t/ha). This treatment also showed its positive effect on economics viz. gross returns (1,71,834 INR/ha), net returns (1,24,486 INR/ha), B:C (2.63). As the majority of Indian farmers are marginal and poor who cannot afford the use of high cost fertilizers with the result that crops are exposed to nutritional constraints. In such conditions biofertilizers can play an important role in contributing towards soil health and crop productivity. Biofertilizers are a cost effective renewable energy source that plays a crucial role in reducing inorganic fertilizer application and at the same increasing crop yield besides maintaining soil fertility. The optimum spacing for any crop means maintaining uniform and healthy crop stand so as to get optimum yield of crop. The growth and yield of crop is closely related to number of plants per unit area.
Influence of Zinc and Boron Application on Growth and Yield of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Reddy Rachamallu Yogitha , Mehera Biswarup , Rani Mallela Nikitha
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the response of boron and its interaction in maximizing the growth and yield performance of French beans. A field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P), India. To find out the influence of Zinc and Boron on the growth and yield attributes of French bean. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments including control each replicated thrice based on one year of experimentation. The application of Zinc 45 kg/ha-1 + Boron 0.5% @ 15 DAS, recorded significantly higher Plant height (44.00 cm), Plant dry weight (29.31 g/plant). Significantly maximum pods/plant (17.40), Seeds/pod (7.00), Seed index (44.04 g), Seed yield (1.37 t/ha), stover yield (3.21 t/ha) were recorded with the treatment of Zinc 45 kg/ha-1 + Boron 0.5% @ 15 DAS.
Agro-Forestry – A Crop Diversification Strategy for Adaption and Mitigation of Climate Change
Authors: Amrutha T. G. , Shubhashree K. S. , Shilpa H. D. , Nayaka G. V. Venkataravana , Yamaji Karale Gangadhar , Nalina C. N.
Published: August 2023

The biggest challenge the world is currently experiencing is the impact of climate change on agriculture. Developing nations like India will be particularly affected because of their growing populations, water shortages, declining soil fertility, and loss of biodiversity. Agroforestry system is a major component in sustainable agricultural production under climate change situation as inclusion of agroforestry system ensures the production of food, fuel, fodder, timber, manures and fibre even under adverse climatic situations. The issue of ecologically sound and commercially viable strategies for adaptation and mitigation of climate change is being addressed by agroforestry, which is intensive, integrated, intentional, and interactive. This is done through carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, microclimate improvement, and a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. Modern, effective agroforestry techniques enable farm activity diversification and improved stewardship of the environment. There are three ways that agroforestry helps to mitigate climate change. Sequestering carbon in biomass and soils, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, and reducing energy consumption on farms to minimize emissions are all ways to reduce emissions. This review highlights successful adoption of agroforestry as an crop diversification option for mitigating climate change effects.
Effect of Varying Irrigation Regimes and Cultivars on Growth, Yield, Water Use Efficiency and Economics of Rice (Oryza sativa) under Aerobic Condition
Authors: Padhiary A. K. , Nayak B. R. , Panda D. , Srichandan S. , Kar R. K.
Published: August 2023

The present study was undertaken for standardization of irrigation interval and performances of medium duration selected rice varieties under the aerobic conditions in the westen Odisha. The field experiment was conducted at the Regional Research Technology and Transfer Station (RRTTS), Chiplima, Sambalpur, Odisha, during the summer season of 2019 and 2020 to see the performance of medium-duration rice varieties with varying irrigation regimes under aerobic conditions. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications and consisted of four irrigation regimes (I1 = Irrigation at IW/CPE = 1.0, I2 = Irrigation at IW/CPE = 1.5, I3 = Irrigation at IW/CPE = 2.0, and I4 = Irrigation at IW/CPE = 2.5) in main plot treatments and four varieties     (V1 = Naveen, V2 = MTU-1010, V3= CR Dhan-201 and V4 = CR Dhan-204 in subplot treatments. The result of the pooled mean of both years showed that growth and yield attributes significantly affect in regards to different irrigation regimes and cultivars. The maximum plant height (69.0 cm) and filled grains per panicle (80.98) leaf area index (LAI ) at 75DAS (3.940, dry matter accumulation of the shoot at 90 DAS ( 927 g m-2), number of effective panicles m-2 (287)  and test weight (22.27 g) was maximum at irrigation regime IW/CPE = 2.5. In contrast, it was at par with the irrigation regime at IW/CPE = 2.0. The maximum plant height(67.1cm), filled grains per panicle (74.47), leaf area index (LAI ) at 75DAS (3.52), dry matter accumulation of the shoot at 90 DAS (901 g m-2 ), and a number of effective panicles m-2 (286)  were recorded with CR Dhan 201  which was significantly higher as compared to other cultivars. The result of the pooled mean of both years showed that the highest grain yield was recorded at IW/CPE = 2.5, i.e., 4.07 t/ha, which was at par with IW/CPE = 2.0 (3.90 t/ha) and significantly superior to rest of other irrigation regimes. But in the case of cultivars, the highest grain yield was obtained with variety CR-Dhan 201 (3.54 t/ha), which was at par with variety Naveen (3.30t/ha) and significantly superior to the rest of other cultivars. The highest mean FWUE of 40.71kg/ ha-cm was observed with irrigation at IW/CPE 1.5, which was at par with other irrigation regimes except IW/CPE 2.5, whereas the highest B: C ratio (1.74)  was observed with irrigation at IW,/CPE 2.0 which was at par with  IW/CPE 2.5 (1.73) and significantly superior to other irrigation regimes. But in the case of cultivars, the highest mean FWUE of 41.60kg/ ha-cm and B: C ratio (1.62) was observed with variety CR Dhan 201 and significantly superior to the rest of the other cultivars. Hence, a variety like CR Dhan 201 needs to be irrigated at IW/CPE 2.0 to produce economically optimum yield and field water use efficiency on sandy loam soils of the western region of Odisha under aerobic conditions.
The Effect of Profitability, Liquidity, Activity, and Market Value Ratio on Stock Prices in the Manufacturing Industry Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Zhofiroh Bazfa Alya , M, Si. Zaenal Arifin,
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of profitability, liquidity, activity, and market value ratio on stock prices in manufacturing industry companies. The research method uses multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS for as many as 27 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2022 with Purposive Sampling. The results showed that profitability, as measured by ROA and NPM of the complete model, had a significant effect on stock prices, but ROA and NPM of the short model had no significant impact on stock prices. While profitability, as measured by ROE, has no significant effect on stock prices. The results of liquidity research, as measured by CuR, QR, and CaR, show no significant impact on stock prices. As measured by TATO, ratio activity significantly affects stock prices, while ratio activity, as measured by ITO and WCT, has no significant impact on stock prices. The market value ratio measured by DY significantly affects stock prices, while the market value ratio measured by PBVR and PER has no significant impact on stock prices.
Circular Economy Approach for Treatment of Water-Containing Diclofenac Using Recyclable Magnetic Fe3o4 Nanoparticles: A Case Study of Real Water Sample from Lake Victoria
Authors: Shehu Zaccheus , Nyakairu George William Atwoki , Tebandeke Emmanuel , Odume Oghenekaro Nelson
Published: August 2023

Aims: A circular economy is a concept that aims to create a sustainable future by reducing waste and promoting the reuse of resources. In the field of water treatment, this concept has been applied through the use of recyclable materials to remove pollutants from water.

Place and Duration of Study: In this study, we investigated the use of recyclable magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles to remove diclofenac from a water sample from Lake Victoria. The water sample was collected once to test the application of recyclable magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles in real environmental samples.

Methodology: The nanoparticles were synthesized using a coprecipitation method and characterized using various techniques, including SEM/EDX, XRD, MPMS, ImageJ, and Solid addition method for PZC determination. The removal of diclofenac experiments was designed by response surface methodology.

Results: The optimal conditions for diclofenac removal were pH 2, concentration 500 ug/L, contact time 60 minutes, and adsorbent dose 50 mg with a removal percentage of 69.95%. The reusability of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles was evaluated for three cycles, with removal percentages of 69.95%, 60%, and 41.6% for the first, second, and third cycles, respectively. This characteristic aligns with the principles of the circular economy, promoting resource conservation and waste reduction. The nanoparticles were also tested on a real water sample from Lake Victoria, resulting in 100% removal of diclofenac.

Conclusion: This finding suggests that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles can be adopted for drinking water treatment in the East African community, addressing the issue of pharmaceutical contamination in water bodies.
Sob o prisma das mulheres afro-atlânticas
Authors: Costa Valéria
Published: August 2023

Resenha de:FARIA, Sheila de Castro; REIS, Adriana Dantas (orgs.). Mulheres negras em perspectiva: identidades e experiências de escravidão e liberdade no espaço atlântico (séculos XVII-XIX). Feira de Santana: UEFS Editora; Cantagalo: Editora Cantagalo, 2021. 440 p.
Trends in Epidemiology of Esophageal Cancer in the US, 1975-2018
Authors: Rodriguez Gladys M. , DePuy Dylan , Aljehani Mayada , Bien Jeffrey , Lee Jerry S. H. , Wang David H. , Lin Albert Y.
Published: August 2023

Importance

Esophageal cancer (EC) is the 7th most common cancer worldwide and 14th in the US. More data are needed to study the changing incidence patterns of its 2 primary histologic subtypes, squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCE) and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (ACE).

Objective

To examine temporal trends in incidence rates of EC, ACE, and SCE from 1975 through 2018.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this population-based cross-sectional study, data were derived from 9 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries from January 1975 through December 2018 and from all 21 registries for January 2000 through December 2018 for patients with a diagnosis of EC from 1975 through 2018 (International Classification of Disease—Oncology, Third Edition codes). Age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIRs) of EC, ACE, and SCE were calculated. The timing and magnitude of the annual percentage change (APC) in incidence were examined using Joinpoint regression analyses. Data analysis was started in 2021 and updated and completed in 2023.

Main Outcome and Measures

The APC for age-adjusted EC incidence rates as stratified by histology, anatomical location, stage, sex, age, race and ethnicity, and geographic region.

Results

A total of 47 648 patients with a diagnosis of EC were retained for analysis. These included 22 419 (47.1%) with a diagnosis of SCE, 22 217 (46.6%) with ACE, and 3012 (6.3%) with other subtypes. The AAIR for EC changed from 4.14 per 100 000 population in 1975 to 4.18 in 2018, AAIRs of SCE declined from 3.06 in 1975 to 1.15 in 2018 as well as for ACE, and AAIRs increased from 0.42 in 1975 to 2.78 in 2018. From 1975 through 2004, EC incidence significantly increased (APC, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.4 to 0.7) but significantly decreased (APC, −1.03; 95% CI, −1.3 to −0.7) from then until 2018. The APC of SCE significantly continued to decline (−2.80, 95% CI, −3.0 to −2.6), and ACE increased from 2000 to 2006 (APC, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.0 to 4.0) but has since stabilized from 2006 to 2018.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that the incidence of EC modestly declined since 2004 and that the incidence of SCE continued to decline while the incidence rate of ACE plateaued for more than a decade. Understanding factors associated with plateaued rates of ACE may help inform public health interventions.
Frequency of Biopsy and Tumor Grade Before vs After Introduction of Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Robinson David , Abdulkareem Rafid , Nasrollah Delshad , Ljung Anders , Hintze Per , Wallby Sara , Ståhlbrandt Henriettæ , Frennvall Thorun , Styrke Johan , Stattin Pär , Garmo Hans
Published: August 2023

Importance

In randomized clinical trials (RCTs), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before prostate biopsy has been associated with fewer biopsies, decreased detection of Gleason score 6 cancers, and increased detection of Gleason score 7 or higher cancers.

Objective

To study whether MRI of the prostate before the decision to biopsy is associated with biopsy frequency and distribution of Gleason score in clinical practice.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This is a retrospective, population-based cohort study of men in Jönköping Region, Sweden. Men with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level measured between November 2011 and 2020 were monitored until January 31, 2021. Men with known prostate cancer were excluded. Data analysis was performed from July to December 2022.

Exposures

Data on repeated PSA measures, prostate biopsies, and MRI prostate were extracted from health care records, and cancer characteristics were obtained from The National Prostate Cancer Register.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The proportions of men who underwent prostate biopsy and risk of Gleason score 6 or Gleason score 7 or higher cancer and negative biopsy before and after introduction of MRI were calculated.

Results

In this cohort study of 23 802 men (mean [SD] age, 60.8 [13.6] years) who underwent PSA testing, when the use of MRI increased, fewer biopsies were performed (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.97) and the odds of detecting Gleason score 6 cancer decreased (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.33-0.64), whereas the odds of detecting Gleason score 7 or higher cancer increased (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.02-1.50).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, the introduction of MRI to clinical practice was associated with a decreased proportion of men who underwent a biopsy and decreased detection of Gleason score 6 cancer but increased detection of Gleason score 7 or higher cancer. These clinical data support the use of prostate MRI before biopsy in an effort to avoid unnecessary biopsies.
Periodic vertigo and downbeat nystagmus while supine: Dysfunction of Purkinje cells coding gravity
Authors: Lee Byeongcheon , Kim Min‐Ku , Yun So‐Yeon , Lee Eek‐Sung , Kim Hyo‐Jung , Choi Jeong‐Yoon , Kim Ji‐Soo
Published: August 2023

Cerebellar nodulus and uvula and their connections with the vestibular nuclei form the so‐called velocity‐storage circuit. Lesions involving the velocity‐storage circuit give rise to positional vertigo and nystagmus. Herein, we present a 32‐year‐old man with cerebellar nodulus and uvular hemorrhage who showed periodic vertigo and downbeat nystagmus in the supine position. To explain this unusual pattern, we adopted velocity‐storage model with a lesion on the neural connection between the gravity and inertia estimators, resulting in periodic neural impulses and a gravity bias in a specific position. This report expands the spectrum of central positional nystagmus due to dysfunction of the velocity‐storage mechanism.
Defining Mitochondrial Cristae Morphology Changes Induced by Aging in Brown Adipose Tissue
Authors: Crabtree Amber , Neikirk Kit , Marshall Andrea G. , Vang Larry , Whiteside Aaron J. , Williams Qiana , Altamura Christopher T. , Owens Trinity Celeste , Stephens Dominique , Shao Bryanna , Koh Alice , Killion Mason , Lopez Edgar Garza , Lam Jacob , Rodriguez Ben , Mungai Margaret , Stanley Jade , Dean E. Danielle , Koh Ho‐Jin , Gaddy Jennifer A. , Scudese Estevão , Sweetwyne Mariya T. , Davis Jamaine , Zaganjor Elma , Murray Sandra A. , Katti Prasanna , Damo Steven M. , Vue Zer , Hinton Antentor
Published: August 2023

Mitochondria are required for energy production and even give brown adipose tissue (BAT) its characteristic color due to their high iron content and abundance. The physiological function and bioenergetic capacity of mitochondria are connected to the structure, folding, and organization of its inner‐membrane cristae. During the aging process, mitochondrial dysfunction is observed, and the regulatory balance of mitochondrial dynamics is often disrupted, leading to increased mitochondrial fragmentation in aging cells. Therefore, it is hypothesized that significant morphological changes in BAT mitochondria and cristae will be present with aging. A quantitative 3D electron microscopy approach is developed to map cristae network organization in mouse BAT to test this hypothesis. Using this methodology, the 3D morphology of mitochondrial cristae is investigated in adult (3‐month) and aged (2‐year) murine BAT tissue via serial block face‐scanning electron microscopy (SBF‐SEM) and 3D reconstruction software for manual segmentation, analysis, and quantification. Upon investigation, an increase is found in mitochondrial volume, surface area, and complexity and decreased sphericity in aged BAT, alongside significant decreases in cristae volume, area, perimeter, and score. Overall, these data define the nature of the mitochondrial structure in murine BAT across aging.
Powering the Future: A Critical Review of Research Progress in Enhancing Stability of High‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Maoheng , Ma Bing , Li Sunsun , Han Jingquan , Zhao Wenchao
Published: August 2023

Organic solar cells (OSCs) are a promising photovoltaic technology that employs organic semiconductor material as the photoactive layer, which has the unique advantages of light weight, large‐area flexible fabrication, low‐cost, and semitransparent. In recent years, the performance of OSCs has been significantly improved, and the highest power conversion efficiency has exceeded 19%. Despite the tremendous progress in OSCs, the major bottleneck in realizing the commercialization of OSCs is the device stability. Therefore, reviewing the recent research progress on the stability of high‐performance OSCs is urgent and necessary. This review discusses the factors limiting device lifetime, such as metastable morphology, air, irradiation, heat, and mechanical stresses. Additionally, this review presents the research progress over the last 5 years, focusing on enhancing device stability from the perspective of photoactive layers and other functional layers, which includes material design and device engineering, such as solid additives, device fabrication, optimizing buffer layers, using stable electrodes, and encapsulation. Lastly, this review explores current commercialization challenges and prospects, including using advanced machine learning techniques to assist experimental research.
Wireless, Flexible, Ionic, Perspiration‐Rate Sensor System with Long‐Time and High Sweat Volume Functions Toward Early‐Stage, Real‐Time Detection of Dehydration
Authors: Honda Satoko , Tanaka Ryuki , Matsumura Guren , Seimiya Naruhito , Takei Kuniharu
Published: August 2023

Flexible sensors that can be attached to the body to collect vital data wirelessly enable real‐time, early‐stage diagnosis for human health management. Wearable sweat sensors have received considerable attention for real‐time physiological monitoring. Unlike conventional methods that require blood‐drawing in a clinic, sweat analyses may enable noninvasive tracking of health conditions for early‐stage diagnosis. Even though a variety of studies to monitor metabolites and other substances have been conducted, automatic, continuous, long‐term, simultaneous monitoring of perspiration rate and electrolytes, which are important parameters in dehydration, has yet to be achieved because of challenges related to sensor design. Here a wireless, wearable, integrated, microfluidic sensor system that can continuously measure these parameters in real‐time for prolonged periods are presented. The proposed sensors are systematically characterized, and machine learning is used to predict device tilt angle to calibrate sensor output signals. Using the sensor design to form a water droplet in a fluidic channel, high‐volume perspiration rate is continuously monitored for more than 7000 s (total sweat volume >170 µL). By testing 10 subjects, physiological responses to ingestion of a sports drink are confirmed by measuring perspiration rhythm changes extracted from real‐time, continuous sweat impedance and rate.
Fn‐HMGB1 Adsorption Behavior Initiates Early Immune Recognition and Subsequent Osteoinduction of Biomaterials
Authors: Zhao Qin , Zhao Zifan , Zhang Jing , Ni Yueqi , Ouyang Simin , Qi Haoning , Yu Yiqian , Miron Richard J. , Tang Hua , Zhang Yufeng
Published: August 2023

Implantable biomaterials are widely used in bone tissue engineering, but little is still known about how they initiate early immune recognition and the initial dynamics. Herein, the early immune recognition and subsequent osteoinduction of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) after implantation to the protein adsorption behavior is attributed. By liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS) analysis, the biomaterial‐related molecular patterns (BAMPs) formed after BCP implantation are mapped, dominated by the highly expressed extracellular matrix protein fibronectin (Fn) and the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Molecular dynamics simulations show that Fn has the ability to bind more readily to the BCP surface than HMGB1. The preferential binding of Fn provides a higher adsorption energy for HMGB1. Furthermore, multiple hydrogen bonding sites between HMGB1 and Fn are demonstrated using a molecular docking approach. Ultimately, the formation of BAMPs through HMGB1 antagonist glycyrrhizic acid (GA), resulting in impaired immune recognition of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88) mediated dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (Mφs), as well as failed osteoinduction processes is obstructed. This study introduces a mechanism for early immune recognition of implant materials based on protein adsorption, providing perspectives for future design and application of tissue engineering materials.
Dual‐Targeting Nanoliposome Improves Proinflammatory Immunomodulation of the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Gu Zili , da Silva Candido G. , Ma Sen , Liu Qi , Schomann Timo , Ossendorp Ferry , Cruz Luis J.
Published: August 2023

Immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoints have revolutionized cancer treatment by normalizing the immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumors and reducing adverse effects on the immune system. Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitors have garnered attention as a promising therapeutic agent for cancer. However, their application alone has shown limited clinical benefits. Cabozantinib, a multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor, holds immunomodulatory potential by promoting infiltration and activation of effector cells and inhibiting suppressive immune cells. Despite its potential, cabozantinib as a monotherapy has shown limited efficacy in terms of objective response rate. In this study, IDO‐IN‐7 and cabozantinib are coencapsulated into liposomes to enhance tumor accumulation and minimize adverse effects. The liposomal combination exhibits potent cytotoxicity and inhibits the function of IDO enzyme. Furthermore, the dual‐targeted treatment effectively inhibits tumor development and reverses the suppressive tumor microenvironment by regulating both adaptive and innate branch of immune system. This is evidenced by pronounced infiltration of T cells and B cells, a decrease of regulatory T lymphocytes, a shift to a proinflammatory phenotype of tumor‐associated macrophages, and increases levels of neutrophils. This is the first developed of a liposome‐delivered combination of IDO inhibitors and cabozantinib, and holds great potential for future clinical application as a promising anticancer strategy.
A Bionic Skin for Health Management: Excellent Breathability, In Situ Sensing, and Big Data Analysis
Authors: Shi Shuo , Ming Yang , Wu Hanbai , Zhi Chuanwei , Yang Liangtao , Meng Shuo , Si Yifan , Wang Dong , Fei Bin , Hu Jinlian
Published: August 2023

Developing an intelligent wearable system is of great significance to human health management. An ideal health‐monitoring patch should possess key characteristics such as high air permeability, moisture‐wicking function, high sensitivity, and a comfortable user experience. However, such a patch that encompasses all these functions is rarely reported. Herein, an intelligent bionic skin patch for health management is developed by integrating bionic structures, nano‐welding technology, flexible circuit design, multifunctional sensing functions, and big data analysis using advanced electrospinning technology. By controlling the preparation of nanofibers and constructing bionic secondary structures, the resulting nanofiber membrane closely resembles human skin, exhibiting excellent air/moisture permeability, and one‐side sweat‐wicking properties. Additionally, the bionic patch is endowed with a high‐precision signal acquisition capabilities for sweat metabolites, including glucose, lactic acid, and pH; skin temperature, skin impedance, and electromyographic signals can be precisely measured through the in situ sensing electrodes and flexible circuit design. The achieved intelligent bionic skin patch holds great potential for applications in health management systems and rehabilitation engineering management. The design of the smart bionic patch not only provides high practical value for health management but also has great theoretical value for the development of the new generation of wearable electronic devices.
Reversed Electron Transfer in Dual Single Atom Catalyst for Boosted Photoreduction of CO2
Authors: Zhang Yanzhao , Johannessen Bernt , Zhang Peng , Gong Jinlong , Ran Jingrun , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: August 2023

Photogenerated charge localization on material surfaces significantly affects photocatalytic performance, especially for multi‐electron CO2 reduction. Dual single atom (DSA) catalysts with flexibly designed reactive sites have received significant research attention for CO2 photoreduction. However, the charge transfer mechanism in DSA catalysts remains poorly understood. Here, for the first time, a reversed electron transfer mechanism on Au and Co DSA catalysts is reported. In situ characterizations confirm that for CdS nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with Co or Au single atoms, photogenerated electrons are localized around the single atom of Co or Au. In DSA catalysts, however, electrons are delocalized from Au and accumulate around Co atoms. Importantly, combined advanced spectroscopic findings and theoretical computation evidence that this reversed electron transfer in Au/Co DSA boosts charge redistribution and activation of CO2 molecules, leading to highly significantly increased photocatalytic CO2 reduction, for example, Au/Co DSA loaded CdS exhibits, respectively, ≈2800% and 700% greater yields for CO and CH4 compared with that for CdS alone. Reversed electron transfer in DSA can be used for practical design for charge redistribution and to boost photoreduction of CO2. Findings will be of benefit to researchers and manufacturers in DSA‐loaded catalysts for the generation of solar fuels.
High Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerators from Compostable Cellulose‐Biodegradable Poly(Butylene Succinate) Composites
Authors: Lapčinskis Linards , Ģērmane Līva , Platnieks Oskars , Krikovs Artis , Gaidukovs Sergejs , Pudzs Kaspars , Linarts Artis , Sherrell Peter C. , Šutka Andris
Published: August 2023

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) devices are exemplar systems for mechanical‐to‐electrical energy conversion due to their simplicity and promising performance. However,  little attention has been paid to recycling or reusing TENG devices. Indeed, most TENG devices are based on non‐biodegradable polymers, and thus end up in a landfill. Developing biodegradable triboelectric materials is crucial to mitigate negative environmental impacts from their growing use, however, it is challenging to identify such a materials that generate an applicable charge. Herein, such a biodegradable polymer triboelectric pair is demonstrated, by combining poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) films with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) filler. A power density of 143 mW m−2and a charge density of 1.36 nC cm−2is measured when contacting pristine PBS with 70 wt% MCC/PBS composite film, which is comparable to polydimethylsiloxane‐based TENGs under identical testing conditions. These devices are shown to degrade via composting at 58 °C over 70 days, enabling long‐term (>10 000 cycle) performance and degradation upon disposal. It is suggested that this approach can be extended to control triboelectric properties for other biodegradable polymers. The technology and concepts developed herein directly address the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for Responsible Consumption & Production and Affordable and Clean Energy.
In Situ Gas Analysis by Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry for Advanced Rechargeable Batteries: A Review
Authors: Kim Suji , Kim Hyun‐Soo , Kim Boran , Kim You‐Jin , Jung Ji‐Won , Ryu Won‐Hee
Published: August 2023

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and beyond‐LIB systems exhibit properties that are determined by electrochemical reactions occurring in their four essential components—the cathode, anode, electrolyte, and separator. Advanced analytical methods such as differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) can assist in understanding the electrochemical behavior, which can help in advancing battery technologies. Recent studies have shown that the DEMS‐enabled real‐time gas analysis of electrochemical reactions can provide valuable information on aspects such as gaseous reactants or (side) products, which cannot be obtained appropriately through other characterization techniques. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest developments and advancements in the use of DEMS as a rapid, operando gas‐monitoring method for advanced rechargeable battery systems. Moreover, the significance of DEMS in current and future battery development is also discussed and insights are provided into the various battery chemistries that can benefit from DEMS applications. This review is intended to help readers understand the potential of DEMS to drive innovation in the battery industry.
Self‐Closing and Self‐Healing Multi‐Material Suction Cups for Energy‐Efficient Vacuum Grippers
Authors: Wang Zhanwei , Terryn Seppe , Wang Huijiang , Legrand Julie , Safaei Ali , Brancart Joost , Assche Guy Van , Vanderborght Bram
Published: August 2023

While vacuum grippers offer an economical solution, the environmental impact of energy waste through their suction cups (SCs) cannot be overlooked. This waste stems from three key factors: i) air losses from idle SCs arranged in arrays, ii) inadequate sealing on target surfaces leading to air leaks, and iii) damage from sharp objects resulting in leaking perforations. To overcome these challenges, in this article, a comprehensive approach is presented that involves the development of a i) self‐closing, ii) multi‐material, and iii) self‐healing system based on reversible elastomers cross‐linked via the Diels–Alder (DA) reaction. The system incorporates a fully autonomous self‐closing mechanism to prevent energy waste in SC arrays during periods of non‐contact. Fluid–structure interaction simulations are utilized to analyze the design. Versatility and stability are achieved by incorporating hyper‐flexible and stiff elastomers in a multi‐material design, supported by covalent DA cross‐links that ensure robustness through high‐strength multi‐material interfaces. These DA cross‐links also enable self‐healing capabilities, allowing the SCs to recover from macroscopic damages within 1 day at ambient conditions or in a single hour with mild heating (80–90 °C), restoring full performance. Additionally, in the article, a recycling method is introduced for multi‐material SCs based on the mechanical separation of reversible polymers.
Infusing a Convolutional Neural Network with Encoded Joint Node Image Data to Recognize 25 Daily Human Activities
Authors: Zhao Yuliang , Sun Tianang , Ju Zhongjie , Dong Fanghecong , Yang Le , Lv Xiaoyong , Lian Chao , Chen Meng , Li Wen Jung
Published: August 2023

Human activity recognition (HAR) has gained popularity in the field of computer vision such as video surveillance, security, and virtual reality. However, traditional methods are limited in terms of computations and holistic learning of human skeletal sequences. In this article, a new time‐series skeleton joint data imaging method is infused into an improved convolutional neural network to handle these problems. First, the raw time‐series data of 33 body nodes are transformed to red–green–blue images by encoding the 3D positional information to one pixel. Second, the LeNet‐5 network is enhanced by expanding the receptive field, introducing coordinate attention and the smooth maximum unit to improve smoothness and feature extraction. Third, the ability of coded images to express human activities is studied in various environments. It is shown in the experimental results that the method achieves an impressive accuracy of 98.02% in recognizing 25 daily human activities, such as running, writing, and walking. In addition, it is shown that the number of floating point operations, parameters, and inference time of the method are 0.08%, 0.47%, and 3.05%, respectively, of the average values for six other networks (including AlexNet, GoogLeNet, and MobileNet). The proposed method is thus a novel, lightweight, and high‐precision solution for HAR.
Morphological variability or inter‐observer bias? A methodological toolkit to improve data quality of multi‐researcher datasets for the analysis of morphological variation
Authors: Schüßler Dominik , Blanco Marina B. , Guthrie Nicola K. , Sgarlata Gabriele M. , Dammhahn Melanie , Ernest Refaly , Evasoa Mamy Rina , Hasiniaina Alida , Hending Daniel , Jan Fabien , le Pors Barbara , Miller Alex , Olivieri Gillian , Rakotonanahary Ando N. , Rakotondranary Solofomalala Jacques , Rakotondravony Romule , Ralantoharijaona Tantely , Ramananjato Veronarindra , Randrianambinina Blanchard , Raoelinjanakolona Nancia N. , Rasoazanabary Emilienne , Rasoloarison Rodin M. , Rasolofoson David W. , Rasoloharijaona Solofonirina , Rasolondraibe Emmanuel , Roberts Sam Hyde , Teixeira Helena , van Elst Tobias , Johnson Steig E. , Ganzhorn Jörg U. , Chikhi Lounès , Kappeler Peter M. , Louis Edward E. , Salmona Jordi , Radespiel Ute
Published: August 2023

Objectives

The investigation of morphological variation in animals is widely used in taxonomy, ecology, and evolution. Using large datasets for meta‐analyses has dramatically increased, raising concerns about dataset compatibilities and biases introduced by contributions of multiple researchers.

Materials and Methods

We compiled morphological data on 13 variables for 3073 individual mouse lemurs (Cheirogaleidae, Microcebus spp.) from 25 taxa and 153 different sampling locations, measured by 48 different researchers. We introduced and applied a filtering pipeline and quantified improvements in data quality (Shapiro‐Francia statistic, skewness, and excess kurtosis). The filtered dataset was then used to test for genus‐wide sexual size dimorphism and the applicability of Rensch's, Allen's, and Bergmann's rules.

Results

Our pipeline reduced inter‐observer bias (i.e., increased normality of data distributions). Inter‐observer reliability of measurements was notably variable, highlighting the need to reduce data collection biases. Although subtle, we found a consistent pattern of sexual size dimorphism across Microcebus, with females being the larger (but not heavier) sex. Sexual size dimorphism was isometric, providing no support for Rensch's rule. Variations in tail length but not in ear size were consistent with the predictions of Allen's rule. Body mass and length followed a pattern contrary to predictions of Bergmann's rule.

Discussion

We highlighted the usefulness of large multi‐researcher datasets for testing ecological hypotheses after correcting for inter‐observer biases. Using genus‐wide tests, we outlined generalizable patterns of morphological variability across all mouse lemurs. This new methodological toolkit aims to facilitate future large‐scale morphological comparisons for a wide range of taxa and applications.
Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy and Respiratory Defects in a Mouse Model of DEPDC5‐Related Epilepsy
Authors: Kao Hsin‐Yi , Yao Yilong , Yang Tao , Ziobro Julie , Zylinski Mary , Mir Mohd Yaqub , Hu Shuntong , Cao Runnan , Borna Nurun Nahar , Banerjee Rajat , Parent Jack M. , Wang Shuo , Leventhal Daniel K. , Li Peng , Wang Yu
Published: August 2023

Objectives

DEPDC5 is a common causative gene in familial focal epilepsy with or without malformations of cortical development. Its pathogenic variants also confer a significantly higher risk for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), providing opportunities to investigate the pathophysiology intersecting neurodevelopment, epilepsy, and cardiorespiratory function. There is an urgent need to gain a mechanistic understanding of DEPDC5‐related epilepsy and SUDEP, identify biomarkers for patients at high risk, and develop preventive interventions.

Methods

Depdc5 was specifically deleted in excitatory or inhibitory neurons in the mouse brain to determine neuronal subtypes that drive epileptogenesis and SUDEP. Electroencephalogram (EEG), cardiac, and respiratory recordings were performed to determine cardiorespiratory phenotypes associated with SUDEP. Baseline respiratory function and the response to hypoxia challenge were also studied in these mice.

Results

Depdc5 deletion in excitatory neurons in cortical layer 5 and dentate gyrus caused frequent generalized tonic–clonic seizures and SUDEP in young adult mice, but Depdc5 deletion in cortical interneurons did not. EEG suppression immediately following ictal offset was observed in fatal and non‐fatal seizures, but low amplitude rhythmic theta frequency activity was lost only in fatal seizures. In addition, these mice developed baseline respiratory dysfunction prior to SUDEP, during which ictal apnea occurred long before terminal cardiac asystole.

Interpretation

Depdc5 deletion in excitatory neurons is sufficient to cause DEPDC5‐related epilepsy and SUDEP. Ictal apnea and respiratory dysregulation play critical roles in SUDEP. Our study also provides a novel mouse model to investigate the underlying mechanisms of DEPDC5‐related epilepsy and SUDEP. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:812–824
Synthesis and application of styrene butadiene latex powder for cementing
Authors: Zheng Yong , Liao Guoli , Peng Zhigang , Feng Qian
Published: August 2023

To address the problems of brittleness and poor elastic deformation ability of oil‐well cement stone, styrene‐butadiene latex powder was prepared using emulsion polymerization with styrene, liquid polybutadiene, 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid, and fumaric acid as raw materials. The dispersion properties of styrene‐butadiene latex powder in water were investigated, as well as the elastic enhancement effect of the powder in cement. The test results showed that styrene‐butadiene latex powder has good dispersion performance in water and is not easy to agglomerate, which can improve the fluidity of cement slurry. The elastic modulus of cement stone mixed with styrene butadiene latex powder is 43.1% and 27.8% lower than that of blank cement stone without styrene‐butadiene latex powder and the cement stone mixed with commercially available latex powder, respectively. The results of the mechanism analysis showed that the styrene‐butadiene latex powder can be filled in the cement stone, improved the compactness of the cement stone, buffered the external stress impact, and improve the elasticity of the cement stone.
Dihydromyricetin encapsulated gelatin‐dialdehyde‐β‐cyclodextrin hydrogels for antibacterial application
Authors: Zhang Aomei , Wang Tingting , Huang Feng , Yang Minghui , Jiang Xingxing , Chen Xiang
Published: August 2023

Dihydromyricetin (DMY), a natural flavonoid compound, has garnered extensive research interests owing to its high pharmaceutical value with antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial properties. However, its intrinsic limitation of low water‐solubility and poor stability severely obstructs its biomedical applications. Herein, a dynamic imine cross‐linking strategy to assemble DMY/DA‐β‐CD/gelatin hydrogel (DDG) is reported, with the aim of enhancing DMY bio‐efficacy and achieve a synergistic antibacterial effect. DMY can be wrapped by the amphiphilic dialdehyde‐β‐cyclodextrin (DA‐β‐CD) to form an inclusion compound (DMY/DA‐β‐CD), significantly increasing its water‐solubility without compromising its sustainable release. Furthermore, the Schiff base reaction between DA‐β‐CD and gelatin drive the formation of DDG hydrogel featuring viscoelastic, self‐healing and injectability properties, serving as a DMY delivery platform. DMY and DA‐β‐CD synergistically inhibited bacterial proliferation, enabling a broad‐spectrum antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with over 90% inhibition and good biocompatibility. Our work provides a paradigm for self‐assembling DMY inclusion compound into a hydrogel to improve the bio‐efficacy of DMY, so that the hydrogel can be used as a carrier for hydrophobic drug delivery with promising applications in the biomedical field.