bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fraccionamiento de nitrógeno: eficiencia de recuperación y concentración proteica en triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack)
Authors: Ballesteros Rodríguez Elia , Vaca García Víctor Manuel , Morales Rosales Edgar Jesús , Franco Mora Omar , Zamudio González Benjamín , Gutiérrez Rodríguez Francisco
Published: January 2018

La eficiencia de recuperación de fertilizante nitrogenado es afectada por el momento de aplicación y la forma en que se distribuye el nitrógeno en los cultivos. El objetivo del presente estudio, fue determinar la eficiencia de recuperación de nitrógeno (ERN), aplicado al suelo en forma fraccionada en tres etapas fenológicas del cultivo, del triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack). Se realizaron dos experimentos en campo (E1 y E2) en diferentes sitios del Estado de México, durante 2013. Los tratamientos consistieron en la aplicación fraccionada de dosis de 0, 150 y 250 kg ha-1 de nitrógeno, durante tres etapas fenológicas del cultivo: macollaje, espiguilla terminal y hoja bandera. El diseño experimental utilizado fue de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Se cuantificó el contenido de nitrógeno en grano, biomasa aérea, porcentaje de proteína y el nitrógeno recuperado por el cultivo. La ERN en grano en el E1 fue entre 29 y 34.5%, mientras que para el E2, se obtuvieron valores entre 13 y 36%. En el E1 no se observaron diferencias por el fraccionamiento de N aplicado en los tratamientos y entre cultivares; para E2, se observaron diferencias entre cultivares. El triticale presentó 0.5% de nitrógeno en su parte aérea para el E1, y 1.2% para el E2; en grano se alcanzó un valor de 1.8% para ambos experimentos. El fraccionamiento de la fertilización nitrogenada no afectó los parámetros de concentración de nitrógeno en los tejidos, ni la ERN, aún en las aplicaciones en la etapa de hoja bandera.
La prohexadiona de calcio (P-CA): una alternativa hormonal viable en chile habanero
Authors: Ramírez Homero , Mendoza-Castellanos Joaquín , Vázquez-Badillo Mario Ernesto , Zermeño-González Alejandro
Published: January 2018

La siembra de chile habanero en México aumentó en años recientes. La demanda de esta hortaliza a nivel mundial exige la aplicación de nuevas técnicas que permitan mejorar su rendimiento y calidad. Una opción es el uso de bioreguladores. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto del retardante prohexadiona de calcio (P-Ca) sobre el desarrollo vegetativo, rendimiento y niveles de antioxidantes en chile habanero variedad Jaguar. El experimento se estableció con un diseño completamente al azar con 3 repeticiones por tratamiento durante el año 2014 en la UAAAN en Saltillo, Coahuila, en condiciones de invernadero. Las concentraciones de P-Ca fueron: 0 (testigo agua), 50, 100 y 150 mg L-1 en 1 y 2 aplicaciones. La primera se realizó cuando las plantas mostraron el primer primordio floral y 15 días después se realizó la segunda. Los resultados indican que P-Ca redujo hasta un 52% y 30.5% en la altura y diámetro del tallo respectivamente. La mayoría de los tratamientos con P-Ca aumentaron el número de flores, frutos por planta y rendimiento; el contenido de antioxidantes en frutos maduros. P-Ca a 150 mg L-1 fue el tratamiento que provocó el mayor contenido de capsaicina, carotenos totales y vitamina C en los frutos. Se considera que P-Ca tiene potencial para utilizarse como alternativa para mejorar el rendimiento y calidad del chile habanero.
Características y propiedades del maíz (Zea mays L.) criollo cultivado en Aguascalientes, México
Authors: González-Cortés Nicolás , Silos-Espino Héctor , Estrada Cabral Juan Carlos , Chávez-Muñoz José Archivaldo , Tejero Jiménez Leonardo
Published: January 2018

En este estudio se analizaron características de mazorcas y granos, además el contenido de minerales y proteína de nixtamales, nejayotes y tortillas de 12 accesiones de maíces criollos cultivados en la región de El Llano, Aguascalientes, México; un área considerada de alta marginación. Los resultados indicaron que las mazorcas y granos presentaron características similares en longitud, perímetro y número de hileras de granos; sin embargo, sí existió diferencia marcada en peso de los granos y porcentaje de germinación. En cuanto al contenido de minerales, los maíces nixtamalizados con alto contenido de hierro, zinc y boro fueron el “Santa Rosa”, “Retoño-7” y el “AMET-2” con 81.3, 29.8 y 59.4 mg kg-1, respectivamente. Mientras que en tortilla con mayor contenido de hierro, zinc y boro fueron las del “Retoño-7”, el “AMET-1” y el “Retoño-1”, con 54.2, 8.1 y 95 mg kg-1, consecutivamente. En contenido de proteína, destacaron las tortillas elaboradas con el maíz “Retoño-5” (10.72), “Retoño-1” (10.32) y “Retoño-7” (10.31%). Adicionalmente, se encontró que los nejayotes contienen importantes minerales como N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn y B. Se concluye que los maíces criollos presentan características y propiedades importantes para su cultivo y consumo: criterios importantes que justifican seguir preservando su cultivo y la diversificación de estas razas nativas, aunado a fortalecer la investigación en el cultivo y fomentar la utilización de esta riqueza genética endémica.
San Rafael, nueva variedad de frijol pinto de reacción neutral al fotoperiodo para el centro de México
Authors: Acosta Gallegos Jorge A. , Jiménez Hernández Yanet , Montero Tavera Víctor , Guzmán Maldonado S. Horacio , Anaya López José Luis
Published: January 2018

El frijol de tipo pinto es de alta demanda por los consumidores del Centro-Norte de México. Se describe la nueva variedad ‘San Rafael’derivada de la cruza biparental de Pinto Bayacora por Pinto Saltillo realizada en 2004 en el Campo Experimental Bajío del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. El proceso de selección de ‘San Rafael’ se llevó a cabo bajo condiciones de riego y temporal en la región del Bajío y en una localidad del altiplano en el Norte de Guanajuato. La planta de ‘San Rafael’ es de hábito indeterminado postrado de guía corta, ciclo de cultivo corto de reacción neutral al fotoperiodo (puede sembrarse en cualquier época del año y latitud sin que se modifique su ciclo). San Rafael presenta resistencia a las principales enfermedades foliares que ocurren en el Altiplano, como son tizón de halo, antracnosis y roya. El grano es de tipo pinto, forma ovalada, tamaño mediano, con tolerancia al oscurecimiento (larga vida de anaquel), tipo de grano de alto valor comercial. Por su respuesta neutral al fotoperíodo, ‘San Rafael’ permitirá su explotación en diferentes ventanas de tiempo, ampliando así la oferta de frijol fresco en el año. ‘San Rafael’ se adapta a los sistemas de producción bajo riego y temporal en el altiplano y la región del noroeste. Por lo definido de su ciclo de cultivo y tamaño de planta, esta variedad se puede utilizar en sistemas de surcos cerrados a doble hilera.
Comentario. Trabajo y polisemia
Authors: Blanco Mercedes
Published: January 2018

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Los derechos reproductivos y los hombres. El debate pendiente
Authors: Ruiseñor Elsa S. Guevara
Published: January 2018

El reciente auge en los estudios de la masculinidad en México, ha dado como consecuencia que temas claves dentro del discurso feminista como el de los derechos reproductivos sean ahora motivo de reflexión para el caso de los varones; sin embargo, hace falta considerar las coordenadas de un orden genérico que permita identificar cuáles características adquieren estos derechos en los varones en virtud de la diferencia biológica, de las asimetrías de poder con respecto a las mujeres y en función de la posición social de unos y otras en el plano material y simbólico. Si bien en nuestro país el tema apenas empieza a ser debatido, ha faltado un análisis de fondo sobre lo que significa incorporar el tema de los derechos reproductivos al debate sobre las masculinidades y los hombres. Los pocos esfuerzos que existen par ten con frecuencia de una concepción restringida de derechos reproductivos, trasladan mecánicamente a los hombres las demandas de las mujeres, no toman en cuenta que los procesos reproductivos se gestan en los cuerpos de las mujeres, omiten el impacto de las posiciones de poder entre hombres y mujeres, plantean una visión voluntarista de los varones y desconocen
el papel de las instituciones en estos procesos.
Presentación. Expresiones y sonidos de los pueblos
Authors: Bolio Mario Trujillo
Published: January 2018

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Más allá del nacionalismo: trayectorias etnomusicológicas en Brasil
Authors: Reily Suzel Ana
Published: January 2018

En muchas naciones periféricas, tales como Brasil, la investigación musical fue instigada por sentimientos nacionalistas, lo que generó tradiciones de investigación dirigidas a recoger etnografías folclóricas y descriptivas. Esto contrasta con los intereses de investigación en el eje angloamericano, donde las etnografías musicales se emplean para ilustrar perspectivas teóricas de validez universal. Sin embargo, muchas contribuciones impor tantes a la etnomusicología comprenden estudios en los cuales las propuestas teóricas surgen del material etnográfico. Si esto es cierto, las naciones periféricas se encuentran ahora en una posición particularmente ventajosa para redefinir las normas de la disciplina, debido a su acceso al campo así como a los últimos debates académicos. En este artículo la autora estudia cómo lucha actualmente la etnomusicología brasileña
por trascender su herencia nacionalista sin sacrificar su compromiso con la nación. Inicia con un panorama del desarrollo de la investigación musicológica en Brasil desde finales del siglo XIX, observando cómo se estableció la orientación nacionalista y cómo llevó a la construcción de una narrativa canónica que definió a la música brasileña “auténtica”. Luego analiza cómo se impugna la narrativa canónica y cómo esto ha llevado al establecimiento de una comunidad de investigación dinámica y madura.
Invitación al estudio social e histórico de la música y la danza
Authors: Pellicer Sergio Navarrete
Published: January 2018

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Correr para vivir: el dilema rarámuri
Authors: Delgado Ángel Acuña
Published: January 2018

“¡Quien no aguanta, no vale!”, dice un viejo principio rarámuri, grupo étnico ubicado en la Sierra Tarahumara, dentro de la Sierra Madre Occidental del estado de Chihuahua, en México. Inmerso en un entorno ambiental ecológicamente duro para la supervivencia, se asume la idea de que “para vivir hay que ser resistente”, para poder soportar la falta de agua y alimentos provocada por la sequía, el intenso frío nocturno del invierno o las largas travesías por la montaña. Desde centenares de años, hombres y mujeres rarámuris, como dicta la costumbre , compiten corriendo ininterrumpidamente día y noche, por terrenos pedregosos y abruptos, distancias que llegan a superar los 200 km. En el presente trabajo se describe a grandes trazos distintos aspectos de esta singular carrera, para analizar después las funciones principales que cumple como acontecimiento
cultural.
Posmodernismos y feminismos: diálogos, coincidencias y resistencias
Authors: Castillo Rosalva Aída Hernández
Published: January 2018

A partir de una lectura crítica del feminismo posmoderno anglosajón, este artículo se propone recuperar aquellas propuestas metodológicas y epistemológicas que puedan resultar útiles a quienes, desde América Latina, están cuestionando los paradigmas etnocéntricos del positivismo occidental. Propiciar el diálogo entre teóricas feministas, defensoras y detractoras del posmodernismo, le permite a la autora acercarse a los debates en torno al carácter patriarcal de la ciencia occidental y a las búsquedas epistemológicas y políticas emprendidas desde diferentes feminismos para construir un conocimiento no etnocéntrico y una práctica feminista que incorpore la diversidad.
La batalla de las cruces. Los crímenes contra mujeres en la frontera y sus intérpretes
Authors: Ruvalcaba Héctor Domínguez , Blancas Patricia Ravelo
Published: January 2018

Este trabajo se enfoca en los discursos que ocupan la arena pública con respecto a la violencia contra mujeres en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, en los últimos diez años. El propósito del mismo es describir a grandes rasgos las diversas hipótesis propuestas por los enunciadores sociales, entre los que se incluyen a las instituciones de los tres niveles de gobierno, la prensa, el medio académico, las ONG, los partidos políticos y las instituciones religiosas. Estos discursos se consideran como actos de habla, traspasando el criterio de verdad o falsedad. Lo que los autores quieren destacar son las condiciones de enunciación, la perspectiva teórica o ideológica que las sustenta, y
su uso como acto político. Este estudio del discurso social de la violencia contra mujeres trata de destacar la manera en que se instrumentaliza la victimización en el campo de las relaciones de poder del contexto fronterizo.
La construcción de la identidad gay en un grupo gay de jóvenes de la Ciudad de México. Algunos ejes de análisis para el estudio etnográfico
Authors: Cabrera Porfirio Miguel Hernández
Published: January 2018

¿Cómo es un grupo gay de la Ciudad de México?, ¿en qué medida la pertenencia a un grupo gay contribuye —y cómo— al proceso de construcción de la identidad gay de hombres que desean eróticamente a otros hombres? En la Ciudad de México existen muchos “tipos” de grupos gays, y no sólo gays, sino también lésbicos, lésbico-gays, de personas transgenéricas, etcétera; sin embargo, ninguno ha sido estudiado etnográficamente, no sólo en la Ciudad de México, sino en el país en general. No existen investigaciones antropológicas ni desde ninguna otra disciplina que intenten revelar la manera en que trabajan dichos grupos ni el papel que juegan en las elaboraciones subjetivas de las personas que se adhieren a ellos.
La identidad gay: una identidad en tensión. Una forma para comprender el mundo de los homosexuales
Authors: Pérez César Octavio González
Published: January 2018

La identidad gay es de aparición reciente y ha permeado las sociedades a nivel global. Lo gay es algo más que hombres o mujeres que sostienen relaciones sexuales con individuos de su mismo sexo, es todo un entramado que abre la puerta para reflexionar sobre el género y las construcciones sociales que se han armado en torno a las homosexualidades. Utilizo el término en plural, pues como veremos en esta exposición, la homosexualidad puede operar en formas diferentes y diversas, de modo tal que lo gay corta el mundo homosexual, tomando como referente una parte de éste y mostrándonos sus múltiples caras.
Gritos y susurros. Una historia sobre la presencia pública de las feministas lesbianas
Authors: Hinojosa Claudia
Published: January 2018

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Un antropólogo entre los historiadores. Un informe de campo
Authors: Cohn Bernard S.
Published: January 2018

En los últimos 25 años, muchos han sido los esfuerzos para reunir a historiadores y antropólogos, para así combinar los planteamientos y métodos de ambas disciplinas en una colaboración productiva para la enseñanza y la investigación. Este esfuerzo ha alcanzado cierto éxito en algunas ocasiones, pero luego de diez años como estudiante y practicante de ambas disciplinas, aún mantengo la impresión que los antropólogos y los historiadores siguen siendo muy distintos en lo que hacen y su manera de ralizarlo. De hecho, opino que ambas disciplinas están entrando a una recurrente fase nativista, y que el clima para las colaboraciones se ha vuelto un tanto gélido.
La historia es una
Authors: Romero Frizzi María de los Ángeles
Published: January 2018

Este número de Desacatos está dedicado a la reflexión sobre la etnoshistoria. Una vez más la antigua pregunta vuelve a preocuparnos: ¿Qué es etnohistoria? ¿Es una especialidad de la historia o es una disciplina independiente? ¿Por qué volvemos con la misma inquietud? ¿Vale la pena la insistencia? Pareciera como si la larga trayectoria de esta disciplina, más los centenares de artículos, capítulos y libros que han sido escritos por la pluma de los etnohistoriadores, no fueran suficientes para probar que es un campo fértil y fructífero.
Una etnohistoria poco étnica. Nociones de lo autóctono en una comunidad campesina peruana
Authors: Salomon Frank
Published: January 2018

Los años noventa, época en la cual el significado transcultural de la "historicidad" llegó a ser tema candante dentro de la teoría antropológica, alternaron algunos fundamentos de la vocación etnohistórica. ¿Cuánta variación cultural existe entre los diversos conceptos del tiempo y del cambio? ¿Hasta qué punto aquellas diferencias gobiernan la actuación histórica de los pueblos? Al contemplar tales preguntas, el debate teóricodentro de la etnohistoria viró de la posición de crítica metodológica a la de liderazgo heurístico donde quiera que se pretendía investigar las historias de los "otros". Aunque Oceanía fue la zona que llevó la voz cantante durante el famoso debate entre Sahlins y Obeyesekere, los estudiosos andinos y amazónicos aportaron contribuciones no menos creativas.
Cine etnográfico: tecnología, práctica yteoría antropológica
Authors: Henley Paul
Published: January 2018

A pesar del entusiasmo de la generación pionera de antropólogos por la cámara como medio para la investigación etnográfica, el cine se quedó al margen del proyecto antropológico durante casi todo el curso del siglo pasado. Sin embargo, una combinación de adelantos tecnológicos y cambios recientes en los paradigmas teóricos en la antropología ofrece ahora la posibilidad de una mayor integración del cine dentro de la investigación etnográfica. El presente artículo pretender identificar la base para esta incorporación teórica y discute algunas de las maneras prácticas para las cuales el cine se puede utilizar ahora como un medio para generar el entendimiento etnográfico.
Video documental en antropología
Authors: Novelo Victoria
Published: January 2018

Soy definitivamente una fanática del cine y además, estoy convencida de sus inmensas bondades, posibilidades y potencialidades como apoyo didáctico, fuente de información, divulgador de conocimientos y propuesta estética, además de su capacidad de divertir, emocionar y provocar la reflexión. El cine, precisamente por sus propiedades envolventes y su capacidad de sintetizar las artes conocidas que apelan a todos los sentidos, me ha interesado como herramienta de trabajo en el ejercicio de mi profesión como antropóloga social. Desde ese punto de vista es que me interesa discusión de los alcances y limitaciones que tiene el medio cinematográfico en la producción de conocimiento, como divulgador y también como deformador (o hasta "traidor") del discurso de la investigación antropológica tradicional cuando se la "traduce" al lenguaje cinematográfico.
"Aquí la PROGRESA está muy dura": Estado, negociación e identidad entre familias indígenas rurales
Authors: Sesia Paola
Published: January 2018

Este ensayo analiza —en la intersección entre lo macro y lo micro— los conflictos, las transformaciones y los procesos dinámicos y contradictorios que un programa de gobierno produce, enfrenta y genera en su instrumentación en un espacio local. El programa es el PROGRESA, el programa zedillista y ahora foxista de "combate a la pobreza", adoptado a partir de 1997 por el gobierno federal; programa representativo de las actuales políticas públicas dirigidas a promover el "bienestar social" en espacios rurales donde el campesinado indígena constituye el tejido social predominante. Como es sabido, este programa privilegia a la educación, la salud, la alimentación y la nutrición como campos de intervención directa del Estado para mejorar la calidad de vida y abatir la pobreza. El espacio local es una comunidad campesina indígena de Oaxaca de la cual, por motivos obvios de confidencialidad, cambio el nombre.
Clay paste characterization and provenance determination of Middle and Late Helladic vessels from Midea
Authors: Demakopoulou Katie , Divari-Valakou Nicoletta , Maran Joseph , Mommsen Hans , Prillwitz Susanne , Walberg Gisela
Published: January 2018

Results of the Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) of 61 pottery samples of Middle and Late Helladic date from recent excavations in Midea are presented. Chronologically, the sampled pieces fall into two groups, the first of Middle Helladic and Late Helladic I/II, the second of LH III date, with most samples dating to LH IIIB or IIIC. The analyses suggest an Argive/North-eastern Peloponnesian provenance for the majority of the sampled pottery, since 26 of the samples are assigned to the NAA group Mycenae-Berbati (MYBE) and 15 to the NAA group Tiryns (TIR), including their subgroups. In addition to the two main groups the analyses include three other categories: “non-Argive”, unlocated, and singles. The differentiation into a small number of distinct chemical patterns is much more evident in the second chronological group of sampled pottery than in the earlier one which comprises a variety of chemical patterns in a small number of samples. Evidently, during the Mycenaean Palatial period several specialized workshops operated in the wider region of the North-eastern Peloponnese for the production of fine and coarse ware pottery in large quantities.
Power and coinage. The portrait tetradrachms of Eumenes II
Authors: Marcellesi Marie-Christine
Published: January 2018

Among other innovations in coinage, the portrait tetradrachms of Eumenes II testify to the interest that the Attalid king showed in coinage. It is difficult to date these coins using purely numismatic criteria. The generally favoured late dating is based on the notion that this was a short-lived coinage, but it may well have been struck – possibly at intervals – over a relatively long period of Eumenes II’s reign. In this paper I defend an early dating for the starting point of this coinage, in the first half of the reign and even in the first years, before the Treaty of Apamea. The historical context of the rising power of Rome in the Eastern Mediterranean after the Second Macedonian War may explain the original features of this coinage and its iconography, which shows a will to affirm a personal power and also suggests a connection with Rome through the Pergamene cult of the Kabeiroi.
Symbolic connotations of animals at early Middle Helladic Asine. A comparative study of the animal bones from the settlement and its graves
Authors: Macheridis Stella
Published: January 2018

This paper is a contribution to the zooarchaeological research on animals or animal parts found in human graves during the Middle Bronze Age in Greece. The animal bones from the early Middle Helladic settlement (MH I-II, c. 2100–1800 BC) and contemporary burials at Asine are presented. The goal is to compare the animal bones from the settlement with those from the burials, in terms of species composition and body part distribution. Through this comparison, this paper aims to discuss any symbolic connotations of bone waste from everyday-life practices. The results show that the most common domesticates from settlement contexts, pig, sheep/goat and cattle, also appear to be the most abundant animals deposited in the early MH graves at Asine. This is consistent with mortuary data from other sites on the Peloponnese, especially Lerna. The pig was most abundant in both settlement and graves at Asine. The similarities between wild and domestic pigs might be important, and are discussed as a possible inspiration for the pig symbolism in MH I-II Asine. I also propose a regional change in the later Bronze Age of how animals were deposited in graves, in which period the presence of wild mammals, dogs, and horses in high status graves increases. Throughout, pig, sheep/goats and cattle remained the most important animals for ritually connoted events such as funerary meals or feasts.
The last occupation of Asine in Argolis
Authors: Yioutsos Nektarios-Peter
Published: January 2018

Kastraki Hill on the eastern Argolic Gulf, with visible remains of impressive fortifications, has been identified since the mid-19th century as the position occupied by the acropolis of ancient Asine. The first systematic excavations were carried out by the Swedish Institute in the 1920s and revealed the continuous habitation of the site from the Early Helladic period (3rd millennium BC) up to the late 4th-early 5th century AD. Many additions and repairs on the acropolis were made during the Byzantine period and the 2nd Venetian Occupation of the Peloponnese (1686–1715). However, the most destructive interventions in the area are the works carried out by the Italians during World War II. Fearing an invasion of the Allies on this side of the Peloponnese, the Italians fortified the acropolis by making additions to the ancient walls and constructing auxiliary buildings, pillboxes, observation posts and trenches around the rocky outcrop using materials from buildings of the Lower Town. Their departure after the war revealed the extent of the destruction of the antiquities. During the past few decades we have seen interest in approaching sites of recent conflict using archaeological methods that could help researchers understand these transformations of matter in a deeper way. Such is the case of Asine, a palimpsest landscape with archaeological and historical remains of human activity extending from prehistoric to modern European times. This article will attempt to reveal this hidden side of contemporary history and offer a glimpse into the lives of the last inhabitants of the ancient city.
Group rights, participatory goods, and language policy
Authors: Goemans Piet
Published: January 2018

This article asks whether groups or individuals should hold rights to participatory goods. Participatory goods are a type of public goods that can only be enjoyed jointly, in participation with others. Denise Réaume, who coined the term, argues that individual interests in participatory goods cannot be of sufficient weight to ground rights to the core of participatory goods. James Morauta has interpreted Réaume’s argument as a constraint on the types of right-holders that can hold rights to participatory goods ­– a holding constraint. Morauta then criticizes the interpretation he made of Réaume. This article clarifies the disagreement between these two authors by analysing how participatory goods are produced and, more specifically, by introducing a distinction between threshold actions – that is, actions that are necessary to produce a participatory good – and surplus actions – that is, actions that are not, strictly speaking, necessary to produce a participatory good. I use this analysis to do four things. First, I show that Réaume is right when it comes to threshold actions but that Morauta is right in the case of surplus actions. Second, I offer a new argument for an adapted holding constraint – that says that groups as well as individuals should hold rights to participatory goods – based on an account of what it means to produce participatory goods. Third, I show that this argument withstands Morauta’s criticism. Finally, I spell out an account of group rights that is in line with my argument. The result is an argument for, and an account of, group rights that grants groups the legal standing to sue, which I think should be granted to speakers of minority languages living intermingled with speakers of majority languages.
Microsurgical clipping of ophthalmic artery aneurysms: surgical results and visual outcomes with 208 aneurysms
Authors: Kamide Tomoya , Tabani Halima , Safaee Michael M. , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Lawton Michael T.
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE

While most paraclinoid aneurysms can be clipped with excellent results, new postoperative visual deficits are a concern. New technology, including flow diverters, has increased the popularity of endovascular therapy. However, endovascular treatment of paraclinoid aneurysms is not without procedural risks, is associated with higher rates of incomplete aneurysm occlusion and recurrence, and may not address optic nerve compression symptoms that surgical debulking can. The increasing endovascular management of paraclinoid aneurysms should be justified by comparisons to surgical benchmarks. The authors, therefore, undertook this study to define patient, visual, and aneurysm outcomes in the most common type of paraclinoid aneurysm: ophthalmic artery (OphA) aneurysms.

METHODS

Results from microsurgical clipping of 208 OphA aneurysms in 198 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, aneurysm morphology (size, calcification, etc.), clinical characteristics, and patient outcomes were recorded and analyzed.

RESULTS

Despite 20% of these aneurysms being large or giant in size, complete aneurysm occlusion was accomplished in 91% of 208 cases, with OphA patency preserved in 99.5%. The aneurysm recurrence rate was 3.1% and the retreatment rate was 0%. Good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2) were observed in 96.2% of patients overall and in all 156 patients with unruptured aneurysms. New visual field defects (hemianopsia or quadrantanopsia) were observed in 8 patients (3.8%), decreased visual acuity in 5 (2.4%), and monocular blindness in 9 (4.3%). Vision improved in 9 (52.9%) of the 17 patients with preoperative visual deficits.

CONCLUSIONS

The most important risk associated with clipping OphA aneurysms is a new visual deficit. Meticulous microsurgical technique is necessary during anterior clinoidectomy, aneurysm dissection, and clip application to optimize visual outcomes, and aggressive medical management postoperatively might potentially decrease the incidence of delayed visual deficits. As the results of endovascular therapy and specifically flow diverters become known, they warrant comparison with these surgical benchmarks to determine best practices.
Brain repair by hematopoietic growth factors in the subacute phase of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Toshkezi Gentian , Kyle Michele , Longo Sharon L. , Chin Lawrence S. , Zhao Li-Ru
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of long-term disability and death in young adults. The lack of pharmaceutical therapy for post–acute TBI recovery remains a crucial medical challenge. Stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte colony–stimulating factor (G-CSF), which are 2 key hematopoietic growth factors, have shown neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects in experimental stroke. The objective of this study was to determine the therapeutic efficacy of combined treatment (SCF + G-CSF) in subacute TBI.

METHODS

Young-adult male C57BL mice were subject to TBI in the cortex of the right hemisphere. After TBI induction, mice were randomly divided into 2 groups: a vehicle control group and an SCF + G-CSF treatment group. Mice without TBI served as sham operative controls. Treatment was initiated 2 weeks after TBI induction. SCF (200 μg/kg) and G-CSF (50 μg/kg) or an equal volume of vehicle solution was subcutaneously injected daily for 7 days. A battery of neurobehavioral tests for evaluation of memory and cognitive function (water maze and novel object recognition tests), anxiety (elevated plus maze test), and motor function (Rota-Rod test) was performed during the period of 2–9 weeks after treatment. Neurodegeneration and dendritic density in both hemispheres were determined through histochemistry and immunohistochemistry at 11 weeks posttreatment.

RESULTS

Water maze testing showed that TBI-impaired spatial learning and memory was restored by SCF + G-CSF treatment. The findings from the elevated plus maze tests revealed that SCF + G-CSF treatment recovered TBI-caused anxiety and risk-taking behavior. There were no significant differences between the treated and nontreated TBI mice in both the Rota-Rod test and novel object recognition test. In the brain sections, the authors observed that widespread degenerating neurons were significantly increased in both hemispheres in the TBI-vehicle control mice. TBI-induced increases in neurodegeneration were significantly reduced by SCF + G-CSF treatment in the contralateral hemisphere, making it no different from that of the sham controls. Dendritic density in the frontal cortex of the contralateral hemisphere was significantly reduced in the TBI-vehicle control mice, whereas SCF + G-CSF–treated TBI mice showed significant increases of the dendritic density in the same brain region. SCF + G-CSF–treated TBI mice also showed a trend toward increasing dendritic density in the contralateral hippocampus.

CONCLUSIONS

SCF + G-CSF treatment in the subacute phase of TBI restored TBI-impaired spatial learning and memory, prevented posttraumatic anxiety and risk-taking behavior, inhibited TBI-induced neurodegeneration, and enhanced neural network remodeling. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of hematopoietic growth factors for brain repair in the subacute phase of TBI.
Beauty parlor stroke syndrome due to a bone fragment from an osteophyte of the atlas: case report
Authors: Kameda Takuya , Otani Koji , Tamura Takamitsu , Konno Shinichi
Published: January 2018

Beauty parlor stroke syndrome (BPSS) is a rare condition characterized by mechanical impingement of a vertebral artery (VA) during neck rotation and/or hyperextension followed by vertebrobasilar insufficiency. However, there have been no reports of BPSS in which the cause of mechanical impingement was identified and no cases for which surgical treatment was reported. The authors report the case of a 56-year-old Japanese man who presented with presyncope that occurred during cervical extension. Given the possibility of vertebrobasilar insufficiency, digital subtraction angiography and CT angiography were performed. These studies revealed that the right VA was hypoplastic and the left VA was dominant. Moreover, in the position of cervical extension, the dominant left VA showed constriction caused by a bone fragment of an osteophyte of the atlas. Removal of the bone fragment was performed. Postoperative left vertebral angiography showed improvement of blood flow in the extended position, and the presyncope completely disappeared. The pathomechanism of this case was a bone fragment compressing the left VA in the C-1 groove during neck extension. In BPSS patients with recurrent transient symptoms, the possibility of this mechanism of VA constriction by a free bone fragment should be considered.
Validation of a neurovascular comorbidities index for retrospective database analysis
Authors: Newman William C. , Kubilis Paul S. , Hoh Brian L.
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE

Comorbidities have a significant effect on patient outcomes. Accounting for this effect is especially important in retrospective reviews of large databases; overpowered studies are at risk for finding significant results because of inaccurate patient risk stratification. The authors previously created a neurovascular comorbidities index (NCI) for patients with an unruptured intracranial aneurysm and found that the model’s ability to predict patient outcomes was statistically significantly improved over that of the routinely used Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI). In this study, the authors aimed to validate use of the NCI over that of the CCI and ECI for risk stratification of patients with other neurovascular diseases.

METHODS

The authors queried the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample database for the years 2002–2012 to compare the accuracy of the previously validated NCI with that of the CCI and ECI with respect to predicting outcomes for patients who had an arteriovenous malformation, a ruptured intracranial aneurysm, carotid artery stenosis, or dural arteriovenous fistula and who underwent surgical intervention.

RESULTS

For patients with an arteriovenous malformation, the NCI outperformed the CCI and ECI in predicting poor outcome, hospital length of stay (LOS), and total cost but was equivalent to the CCI in predicting death. For patients with a ruptured intracranial aneurysm, the NCI outperformed the ECI and CCI in predicting death, poor outcome, LOS, and total cost. For patients with carotid artery stenosis, the NCI outperformed the ECI and CCI in predicting LOS, but it was equivalent to the ECI in predicting death and total cost and inferior to the CCI in predicting poor outcome (p < 0.002 for all). An insufficient number of patients with dural arteriovenous fistula who underwent surgical intervention were available for analysis (n < 10), and they therefore were excluded from study. For 11 of 12 metrics, the NCI was the significantly more efficient model.

CONCLUSIONS

The NCI outperforms the CCI and ECI by providing more appropriate and efficient risk stratification of patients regarding death, outcome, LOS, and cost. Given this finding, the NCI should be used for retrospective reviews of patient outcomes instead of the CCI or ECI.
Myositis following spine radiosurgery for metastatic disease: a case series
Authors: Lockney Dennis T. , Jia Angela Y. , Lis Eric , Lockney Natalie A. , Liu Chengbao , Hopkins Benjamin , Higginson Daniel S. , Yamada Yoshiya , Laufer Ilya , Bilsky Mark , Schmitt Adam M.
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE

Spinal stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has emerged as an attractive method to deliver high doses of radiation to oligometastatic spinal tumors with radioresistant histology. Because SBRT is a palliative therapy, attention to potential radiation toxicities is paramount when counseling patients. The objective of this study was to report radiation-induced myositis after SBRT, a previously undescribed complication.

METHODS

A total of 667 patients received 891 spine SBRT treatments (either 24 Gy in 1 fraction or 27 Gy in 3 fractions) from 2011 to 2016 and underwent retrospective review. Eleven patients were identified as having radiographic evidence of myositis following SBRT. Clinical and pathologic results were collected, including receipt of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, radiation dose, equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions (EQD2), biologically effective dose (BED), and volume of muscle treated. Treatment toxicities were classified according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE; version 4.03). Univariate statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between radiation fractionation schedule and myositis and between anti-VEGF therapy and myositis.

RESULTS

The cumulative incidence of myositis was 1.9% at 1 year. The median of the mean dose administered to muscle with myositis was 17.5 Gy. The median EQD2 was 55.1 Gy, and the median BED was 82.7 Gy. The median time to the development of clinical symptoms was 1.4 months, while the median time to imaging evidence was 4.7 months. Two patients (18.2%) had CTCAE grade 3 complications. Single-fraction spine SBRT (HR 4.5, 95% CI 1.2–16.9; p = 0.027) was associated with increased risk of developing myositis whereas receipt of anti-VEGF therapy was not (HR 2.2, 95% CI 0.6–7.1; p = 0.2).

CONCLUSIONS

Radiation myositis following spinal radiosurgery is a rare but important complication. Single-fraction treatment schedules may be associated with increased risk of myositis but should be validated in a larger series.
Safety and efficacy of balloon kyphoplasty at 4 or more levels in a single anesthetic session
Authors: Wang Alan C. , Fahim Daniel K.
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE

In this case series, the authors evaluated the safety of balloon kyphoplasty at 4 or more vertebral levels in a single anesthetic session. The current standard is that no more than 3 levels should be cemented at one time because of a perceived risk of increased complications.

METHODS

A retrospective chart review was performed for 19 consecutive patients who underwent ≥ 4-level balloon kyphoplasty between July 1, 2011, and December 31, 2015. Outcomes documented included kyphoplasty-associated complications and incidences of subsequent vertebral fracture.

RESULTS

Nineteen patients aged 22 to 95 years (mean 66.1 years, median 66 years; 53% male, 47% female) had 4 or more vertebrae cemented during the same procedure (mean 4.6 levels [62 thoracic, 29 lumbar]). No postoperative anesthetic complication, infection, extensive blood loss, symptomatic cement leakage, pneumothorax, or new-onset anemia was observed. Five patients experienced new compression fracture within a mean of 278 days postoperatively. One patient with metastatic cancer suffered bilateral pulmonary embolism 19 days after surgery, but no evidence of cement in the pulmonary vasculature was found.

CONCLUSIONS

In this case series, kyphoplasty performed on 4 or more vertebral levels was not found to increase risk to patient safety, and it might decrease unnecessary risks associated with multiple operations. Also, morbidity associated with leaving some fractures untreated because of an unfounded fear of increased risk of complications might be decreased by treating 4 or more levels in the same anesthetic session.
A Convenient One-Pot Synthesis of 1-Aryl-Substituted 4-Iodopyrazol-3-Ols via Aromatisation and Oxidative Iodination Reactions
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Yang Shanguang , Dong Ruimei , Jin Zhudan , Wang Mingliang
Published: January 2018

A convenient and economical one-pot synthesis of a series of new 1-aryl-substituted 4-iodopyrazole-3-ols from easily available pyrazolidin-3-ones in the presence of sodium iodide, 30% solution of hydrogen peroxide and a catalytic amount of sulfuric acid in dichloromethane via aromatisation and oxidative iodination reactions are described. This protocol has the advantages of high atom economy, cost-effectiveness, short reaction time and environmental friendliness.
Anatomy of the Chase
Authors: Grahne Gösta , Onet Adrian
Published: January 2018

A lot of research activity has recently taken place around the chase procedure, due to its usefulness in data integration, data exchange, query optimization, peer data exchange and data correspondence, to mention a few. As the chase has been investigated and further developed by a number of research groups and authors, many variants of the chase have emerged and associated results obtained. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the area it is frequently difficult to verify the scope of each result. In this paper we take closer look at recent developments, and provide additional results. Our analysis allows us create a taxonomy of the chase variations and the properties they satisfy.

Two of the most central problems regarding the chase is termination, and discovery of restricted classes of sets of dependencies that guarantee termination of the chase. The search for the restricted classes has been motivated by a fairly recent result that shows that it is undecidable (RE-complete, to be more precise) to determine whether the chase with a given dependency set will terminate on a given instance. There is a small dissonance here, since the quest has been for classes of sets of dependencies guaranteeing termination of the chase on all instances, even though the latter problem was not known to be undecidable. We resolve the dissonance in this paper by showing that determining whether the chase with a given set of dependencies terminates on all instances is unsolvable, and on level ∏20 in the Arithmetical Hierarchy. For this we use a reduction from word rewriting systems, thereby also showing the close connection between the chase and word rewriting. The same reduction also gives us the aforementioned instance-dependent RE-completeness result as a byproduct. For one of the restricted classes guaranteeing termination on all instances, the stratified sets dependencies, we provide new complexity results for the problem of testing whether a given set of dependencies belongs to it. These results rectify some previous claims that have occurred in the literature.
The influence of upper limb immobilization on lower limb muscular activity during the sit-to-stand task
Authors: Leal Viviana , Ventura Liliana , Alexandre Lopes A. , Mesquita Inês , Torres Rui , Castro Marcelo
Published: January 2018

PURPOSE:

The aim of this study was to compare the magnitude and pattern of lower limb muscular activity during the sit-to-stand (STS) task with and without upper limb immobilization.

METHODS:

The activity of six muscles from each lower limb (Rectus Femoris, Vastus Medialis, Biceps Femoris, Tibialis Anterior, Gastrocnemius Medialis and Soleus) were recorded while 19 young healthy participants performed the STS task with and without an arm sling on their dominant side. Myoelectric signals were collected using BioPlux Research device, and two Bertec force platforms were used to determine different phases of the STS task. The peak of muscular activity and muscle onset times were calculated, two general linear models with an alpha of 0.05 were used between the conditions with and without upper limb immobilization.

RESULTS:

We found no statistically significant differences in the onset of lower limb muscular activity, and we observed decreased peak of muscular activity in the Rectus Femoris at the immobilized side and an increased peak in the Vastus Medialis at the side opposite to the upper limb immobilized compared to the control condition.

CONCLUSIONS:

We did observe differences in the magnitude of ipsilateral Rectus Femoris and contralateral Vastus Medialis as a consequence of upper limb immobilization.
Unilateral strength training with and without a mirror to improve motor function after stroke: Past, present, and future
Authors: Monaghan Kenneth , Simpson Daniel , Ehrensberger Monika , Zult Tjerk
Published: January 2018

Unilateral resistance training not only strengthens muscles on the trained side but also the homologous muscles on the untrained side. This phenomenon is called cross-education and was first observed in 1894. Since then, many studies have been conducted in neurologically intact persons but the potential of cross-education for people with unilateral orthopaedic and neurological impairments remains largely unexplored. In this commentary, we highlight the potential of cross-education in the rehabilitation after stroke. Current clinical practice in stroke rehabilitation is to train the more-affected side but people with a severe hemiparesis are often not able to train this side due to muscle weakness and limited range of motion. Resistance training of the less-affected side might be a great tool to improve muscle strength and motor function of the more-affected side. Mirror therapy, where a mirror reflection of the less-affected side creates the illusion that the more affected side is exercising, could even further augment these cross-education benefits. Three functional networks (i.e., attentional resources, the mirror-neuron system, and the motor network) play a role in cross-education with and without a mirror and induce neuroplasticity in the brain that can help people who have had a stroke in their recovery. The use of inter-limb mechanisms in the rehabilitation from unilateral impairments has to be exploited further and should be incorporated in the standard protocols for neurologic and musculoskeletal rehabilitation.