bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Event‐triggered adaptive neural network‐based optimal control of strictly feedback switched nonlinear systems with state constraints
Authors: Ruan Jie , Fu Yuhui , Fan Yuan
Published: August 2024

In this article, we present an innovative approach for controlling nonlinear switched systems (NSSs) with strict feedback utilizing adaptive neural networks (ANNs). Our methodology encompasses several facets, addressing key challenges inherent to these systems. To commence, we tackle the constrained nature of NSSs with strict feedback by designing a barrier Lyapunov function. This function ensures that all states within the switched systems remain within prescribed constraints. Additionally, we harness neural networks (NNs) to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions inherent to the system. Furthermore, we deploy an ANN state observer to estimate unmeasurable states. Our approach then proceeds to develop a cost function for the subsystem. Building upon this, we apply the Hamiltonian–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) solution in conjunction with observer and behavior critic architectures, all rooted in backstepping control (BC) principles. This integration yields both a virtual optimal controller and a real optimal controller. Furthermore, we introduce a novel ANN event‐triggered control (ETC) strategy tailored explicitly for strictly feedback systems. This strategy proves highly effective in reducing the utilization of communication resources and eliminating the occurrence of Zeno behavior. Our analysis provides formal proof that all states within the closed‐loop system exhibit half‐leaf consistency and are ultimately bounded, regardless of arbitrary switching conditions. Finally, we substantiate the efficacy and viability of our control scheme through comprehensive numerical simulations.
Graphical tuning method of PID controller for systems with uncertain parameters based on affine algorithm
Authors: Chu Minghui
Published: August 2024

For systems with uncertain parameters, it is very important to find a controller that can satisfy the preset robustness. The traditional method often ignores the influence of parameter coupling on the set boundary system when substituting the original system with the boundary system group, resulting in the calculated controller value region being too conservative. In this article, noise information is introduced based on affine algorithm to describe uncertain system parameters. Then, based on Kharitonov theorem, a new grouping method for boundary systems is proposed. This method takes the parameter coupling information into account when determining the boundary system, and avoids the problem of interval conservation. On this basis, a virtual phase margin tester is introduced to ensure that the obtained controller parameter range can make the system meet the specific robustness requirements. The results obtained in this article are general and strictly proved. Finally, examples are provided to illustrate the design process and verify the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed approach.
Improvement of gummy candy structure by gelling ingredients and cooling temperature
Authors: Nguyen Tran Bao Khanh , Cao Ho Kim Ngan , Nguyen Thi Da Ly Huong , Doan Thi Phuong Dung , Phan Thanh Duy , Le Minh Tri , Dong Thi Anh Dao
Published: August 2024

Gummy candies achieve their widespread appeal through a unique textural profile. The combination of springiness, chewiness, and a potential initial hardness upon biting (depending on formulation) creates a multi‐sensory eating experience. The readily soluble sugars and other components contribute to the quick dissolution and ease of digestion. Therefore, we conducted research to develop gummy candies made from structural materials of gelatin combined with agar and maltose syrup and evaluated the effect of ingredient ratios on the candy's structural and sensory properties. Sweetener maltose syrup (DE = 42) and a suitable content of agar supplementary had a significant influence on the structure of the product (p < 0.05). The structure of gummy candies was analyzed by the structure measuring instrument TPA (structure profile analysis) combined with sensory evaluation. The process of manufacturing candy involves the melting and homogenization of all constituent ingredients, followed by a sequence of freezing and cool drying to complete the production. The most interesting candies were made with agar 0.5%, gelatin 10% (powdered gelatin with Bloom 250), saccharose 30%, maltose syrup 10%, citric acid 0.1%, and pure water before being chilled at 4 °C for 4 h. This property remained unchanged during the 6‐month storage period in anaerobically sealed packaging, at room temperature.
Impact of Climate Change and Accessing Services in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Kuir-Ayius Dora
Published: August 2024

With rising sea levels, changes in rainfall, increased frequency of El Niño-type conditions, and increased intensity of cyclones, the Pacific Islands region is exposed to climate change. A large proportion of the people are marginalised and are among the most vulnerable and least prepared to cope with its impacts. There are many competing definitions of the concept of vulnerability, but in the context of the Pacific Islands countries (PICs), it is referred to as the lack of power, influence, and control of those affected by climate change. The lack of power is reflected where access to resources is minimised. This can be viewed in various ways, including a lack of access to basic services such as enabling infrastructure, transport, hospitals, and others. In addition, the lack of access to income-generating opportunities further complicates the challenges imposed by the impact of climate change. In most of the PICs, including Papua New Guinea (PNG), Kiribati, Vanuatu, Marshal Islands, and Cook Islands, the chances of access to basic needs such as food, water, and land for survival are threatened. Approaches to dealing with climate change, displacement of people, and issues of traditional land ownership and relocation must be taken seriously. The paper presents some challenges of accessing services mainly caused by lack of effective management by the government of Papua New Guinea in the midst of climate change.
Study of the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleons in the timelike region
Authors: Yang Qin-He , Guo Di , Li Ming-Yan , Dai Ling-Yun , Haidenbauer Johann , Meißner Ulf-G.
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The electromagnetic form factors GE and GM of the proton and neutron in the timelike region are extracted in a study of the processes e+e− → $$ \overline{p}p $$

p
¯

p
and e+e− → $$ \overline{n}n $$

n
¯

n
. The reaction amplitude is evaluated within the distorted wave Born approximation, with the interaction of the antinucleon-nucleon $$ \left(\overline{N}N\right) $$

N
¯

N

pair taken into account. The latter is constructed within SU(3) chiral effective field theory up to next-to-leading order. An excellent description of the e+e− → $$ \overline{N}N $$

N
¯

N
data in the energy region from the $$ \overline{N}N $$

N
¯

N
threshold up to center-of-mass energies Ecm = 2.2 GeV is achieved. Results for the electromagnetic form factors GE, GM, GE/GM, and the subtracted effective form factors, Gosc, are provided. These can be helpful for further studies of the properties of the nucleons.
Bertrand’s theorem and the double copy of relativistic field theories
Authors: de Neeling Dijs , Roest Diederik , Seri Marcello , Waalkens Holger
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Which relativistic field theories give rise to Kepler dynamics in the two-body problem? We consider a class of Hamiltonians that is the unique relativistic extension of the Kepler problem preserving its so(4) algebra, and have orbits related through time reparametrisation to orbits of the original Kepler problem. For three explicit examples, we give a natural interpretation in terms of spin-0,-1 and -2 interacting field theories in 5D. These are organically connected via the classical double copy, which therefore preserves maximal superintegrability.
Strukturale Traumanalyse
Authors: Roesler Christian
Published: August 2024

Seit den Anfängen der Psychoanalyse werden Träume in der Psychotherapie verwendet, und die Wirksamkeit der therapeutischen Arbeit mit Träumen ist mittlerweile gut belegt. Nach wie vor fehlt aber ein empirisch fundiertes Modell für eine zeitgemäße therapeutische Traumarbeit, die die Erkenntnisse der empirischen und klinischen Traumforschung integriert. Die zu diesem Zwecke entwickelte Strukturale Traumanalyse (STA) wird mit ihrer Forschungsmethodik und den bisherigen Ergebnissen zusammenfassend dargestellt. Zentrale Annahme ist, dass die Handlungsfähigkeit („agency“) des Traum-Ich (die Figur im Traum, die der Träumende als Ich erlebt), Probleme im Traum zu bewältigen und zu lösen – im Gegensatz zu, sich bedroht zu fühlen, ängstlich und passiv zu sein und keine Lösung zu haben – im psychodynamischen Sinne mit Ich-Stärke gleichzusetzen ist. Eine weitere Annahme ist, dass sich die Zustandsverbesserung des Patienten im Laufe der Therapie in einer Zunahme der Traum-Ich-Agency widerspiegelt. Es wurde eine Typologie von 6 Traummustern entwickelt; hiermit können über 90 % der Träume in der klinischen Praxis eingeordnet werden. Die Traummuster stehen in Verbindung mit den spezifischen Problemen des Patienten, den Themen der Psychotherapie und dem Fortschritt in der Therapie im Sinne von Besserung. Das Modell wurde in einer Reihe von empirischen Studien bestätigt. Es lassen sich daraus Handlungsmaxime für die klinische Praxis der therapeutischen Traumarbeit ableiten.
Anti-MDA5 autoantibodies predict clinical dynamics of dermatomyositis following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination: a retrospective statistical analysis of case reports
Authors: Klein Christian R. , Heine Annkristin , Brossart Peter , Karakostas Pantelis , Schäfer Valentin Sebastian
Published: August 2024

Since the introduction of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, the induction of autoimmunity by mRNA vaccination has been discussed. Several cases of dermatomyositis (DM) associated with mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported. The question is whether there is a common pathomechanism for the induction of DM by this mRNA vaccination. The aim of this review is to analyse the sample of previously published case reports of DM following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination for common indicators of a possible immune pathomechanism.

In this review, we summarised case reports of DM following mRNA vaccination against COVID-19. We considered this case report landscape as a cumulative sample (n = 32) and identified common clinical and molecular parameters in the intersection of case reports and statistically analysed the effect of these parameters on the development of DM.

MDA-5 antibodies seem to play a role in the autoantibody signature after mRNA vaccination. MDA-5-positive DM is statistically more strongly associated with mRNA vaccination and interstitial lung disease/rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD/RP-ILD) than MDA-5-negative DM. MDA-5-positive DM seems not to be associated with an increased risk of malignancy, whereas MDA-5-negative DM is more strongly associated with malignancy.

Our findings emphasize the potential role of innate antiviral signalling pathways in connecting DM to mRNA vaccination. MDA-5 autoantibodies appear to be predictive of a severe DM progression following mRNA vaccination. There seems to be an association between MDA-5 autoantibodies and paraneoplastic DM post-vaccination. Further studies are required to uncover the underlying mechanisms of autoimmunity triggered by mRNA vaccination.
Heart involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis—what have we learned about it in the last 5 years
Authors: Nadel Aleksandra , Nadel Maciej , Taborska Nina , Stępień Bartosz , Gajdecki Jakub , Brzezińska Olga , Opinc-Rosiak Aleksandra , Makowska Joanna , Lewandowska-Polak Anna
Published: August 2024

This review provides a detailed examination of original research and previously published reviews regarding cardiovascular involvement in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Our study aims to evaluate the current understanding of SSc-associated heart involvement (SHI), focusing on its most prevalent forms, diagnostic methods and treatment options. A comprehensive search of PUBMED, Medline, Web of science, Scopus and DOAJ databases was conducted, involving articles published between January 2019 and August 2024, available in English, both original research and reviews. Additionally, the authors examined the references cited in the selected articles, reviewed relevant literature, and included key publications dating back to 2010. Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by skin and internal organs fibrosis with accompanying vasculopathy. SHI encompasses both primary and secondary cardiac disease with a prevalence rate of up to 39%. It constitutes one of the leading causes of death among affected individuals. Systemic sclerosis- primary heart involvement comprises a wide range of conditions including arrhythmias, heart failure, pericardial disease, valvular abnormalities, and myocardial inflammation. However, its subclinical course, often misinterpreted as other forms of cardiomyopathy, poses true diagnostic challenges, requiring diagnostic tools like transthoracic echocardiography with tissue Doppler echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The review underscores the importance of SHI and a holistic approach to managing patients with systemic sclerosis. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for further investigation into potential pathogenetic mechanisms and biomarkers crucial for targeted treatment to fully optimize recommendations for this patient subgroup.
Aberrant p53 immunostaining patterns in breast carcinoma of no special type strongly correlate with presence and type of TP53 mutations
Authors: Armbruster Hannes , Schotte Tilman , Götting Isabell , Overkamp Mathis , Granai Massimo , Volmer Lea Louise , Bahlinger Veronika , Matovina Sabine , Koch André , Dannehl Dominik , Engler Tobias , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Brucker Sara Y. , Bonzheim Irina , Fend Falko , Staebler Annette , Montes-Mojarro Ivonne
Published: August 2024

Recent studies have revealed an association between TP53 mutations and endocrine resistance in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer (HR + HER2 −BC). Aberrant p53 immunostaining (IHC) patterns may provide a surrogate marker for TP53 mutations. Building upon a ternary algorithm of aberrant staining patterns, this study evaluates the reliability of p53 IHC as screening tool for TP53 mutations in BC (NST). Furthermore, it describes the histopathological and molecular characteristics of TP53-mutated cases, along with the mutational status of PIK3CA. This study comprised 131 early-stage, node-negative BCs with available core biopsies and resection specimens. Cases were categorized as follows: HR + HER2 − (85 cases), HER2 + (21 cases) and triple negative (TN, 25 cases). Aberrant IHC staining patterns for p53 were defined as overexpression (OE), complete absence (CA) and cytoplasmic (CY). In addition, targeted sequencing of TP53 and PIK3CA genes was performed. TP53 mutations were identified in 53 of 126 cases (42.1%). Within HR + HER2 − cases, TP53 mutations were found in 17 of 80 cases (21.3%). IHC accurately predicted TP53 mutation in 96.2% of cases with a specificity of 100%. Additionally, there was a significant agreement between missense mutations and OE, as well as between truncating mutations and CA (κ 73% and 76%). CY was observed in two TN cases with truncating mutations within the nuclear localization signalling domain of p53. TP53-mutated cases exhibited higher grade, greater nuclear pleomorphism and higher Ki-67 proliferation index and were associated with the PIK3CA wild-type status (p < 0.001). p53 IHC may provide a useful screening tool for identifying TP53-mutated BC of NST.
Exploring the role of smallholder perceptions in shaping land-use decisions in a tropical agro-forest frontier in southern Mexico
Authors: Berget Carolina , Verschoor Gerard , García-Frapolli Eduardo , Bongers Frans
Published: August 2024

Conversion of tropical forests into agricultural lands is increasing at a rapid pace. Smallholders are responsible for most of the world’s agricultural production, and thus are important land-use decision-makers and land-use change actors. In agro-forest frontiers, land-use changes are dynamic and short-term, and highly influenced by different social-ecological factors. We employed the Photovoice methodology to assess how the perceptions of 20 smallholder families about what they most value in their daily lives, influence farm land-use decisions in two villages in southern Mexico. Results indicate that what farmers perceive as the most valued in their daily lives are the household (including family and food) and the farm. Similar perceptions sometimes result in similar farm land-use composition (land-use type and proportion) decisions (agriculture, reforestation), but sometimes not (pasture, forest). Positive and negative perceptions about oil palm highly influence whether this land-use is adopted or not. In contrast, positive perceptions about rubber do not always translate in this crop being planted. We conclude that perceptions play an important role in smallholder land-use decisions. However, perceptions are influenced and operate along other factors at multiple levels, including survival motivations, culture, economic considerations, markets, farm size, institutional programs, local ecological knowledge, ecosystem services, and risk assessment. We suggest that smallholder perceptions should be taken into account as part of the set of social-ecological factors driving land-use decisions. Involving farmers in the co-design of land-use policies, planning, and rural development initiatives that address their perceptions, values, and livelihood needs will improve the effectiveness of such policies.
Changes in evaporation patterns and their impact on Climatic Water Balance and river discharges in central Poland, 1961–2020
Authors: Bartczak Arkadiusz , Krzemiński Michał , Araźny Andrzej
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the changes in precipitation and evaporation patterns and their impact on Climatic Water Balance and river discharges in central Poland from 1961 to 2020. The analysis focuses on two “normal” periods, 1961–1990 and 1991–2020 (according to the World Meteorological Organization). Bartlett’s test and the Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test were used to assess the homogeneity of variances and compare distributions of analyzed variables over two “normal” periods. The probability density functions were estimated using a kernel density estimator with a Gaussian kernel function. Significant findings indicate alterations in evaporation rates and shifts in water balance dynamics. Mean evaporation increased from 530.8 to 637.9 mm, leading to a notable decrease in the mean Climatic Water Balance from 1.1 to − 107.5 mm (in the periods 1961–1990 and 1991–2020, respectively). Additionally, rivers showed reduced mean annual discharges (from 4.28 to 3.01 m3·s−1 and 1.25 to 0.87 m3·s−1, for the Zgłowiączka and Skrwa Lewa rivers, respectively). These climatic changes in central Poland have substantial implications for regional water resources, especially in spring and summer and particularly in agricultural areas, potentially exacerbating drought conditions and impacting agricultural productivity mainly in the warm half-year.
Evaluating the Link between Visual Attention Bias and Emotion Dysregulation of Young Children
Authors: Brice Febe , Lam-Cassettari Christa , Gerstl Brigitte , Eapen Valsamma , Lin Ping-I.
Published: August 2024

The ability to regulate emotions is vital to successful social interactions. This study explores whether visual attention bias is associated with emotion dysregulation (ED) in early childhood. Parental reports of child ED (Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and Temper Tantrum Scale) were examined in relation to child visual attention bias whilst viewing emotional faces. Results indicated that the level of eye gaze fixation towards emotional images and faces was associated with ED when social function (measured with the Social Responsiveness Scale), gender, age, and attention problems (measured from the CBCL subscale), were adjusted. The modifying effect on visual attention bias was evaluated using interaction analysis in the generalized linear model. The level of visual attention bias, indicated by the proportion of eye gaze fixation time on areas of interest (AOIs) in images displaying unpleasant emotions (such as anger), was inversely associated with the level of externalising problem behaviours (p = .014). Additionally, the association of eye gaze fixation time for AOIs displaying negative emotional cues with the level of externalising problem behaviours varied by age (p = .04), with younger children (aged < 70 months) demonstrating a stronger association than older children (aged $$\ge$$
≥
70 months). Findings suggest that young children with greater ED symptoms look less at unpleasant emotional cues. However, this relationship is attenuated as children become older. Further research to identify objective biomarkers that incorporate eye-tracking tasks may support prediction of ED-related mental health issues in the early years.
Single cell, Label free Characterisation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal cell Stemness and Future Growth Potential by Autofluorescence Multispectral Imaging
Authors: Campbell Jared M. , Habibalahi Abbas , Agha Adnan , Handley Shannon , Knab Aline , Xu Xiaohu , Bhargava Akanksha , Lei Zhilin , Mackevicius Max , Tian Yuan , Mahbub Saabah B. , Anwer Ayad G. , Gronthos Stan , Paton Sharon , Grey Shane T. , Wu Lindsay , Gilchrist Robert B. , Goldys Ewa M.
Published: August 2024

Aim

To use autofluorescence multispectral imaging (AFMI) to develop a non-invasive assay for the in-depth characterisation of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs).

Methods

hBM-MSCs were imaged by AFMI on gridded dishes, stained for endpoints of interest (STRO-1 positivity, alkaline phosphatase, beta galactosidase, DNA content) then relocated and results correlated. Intensity, texture and morphological features were used to characterise the colour distribution of regions of interest, and canonical discriminant analysis was used to separate groups. Additionally, hBM-MSC lines were cultured to arrest, with AFMI images taken after each passage to investigate whether an assay could be developed for growth potential.

Results

STRO-1 positivity could be predicted with a receiver operator characteristic area under the curve (AUC) of 0.67. For spontaneous differentiation this was 0.66, for entry to the cell-cycle it was 0.77 and for senescence it was 0.77. Growth potential (population doublings remaining) was estimated with an RMSPE = 2.296. The Mean Absolute Error of the final prediction model indicated that growth potential could be predicted with an error of ± 1.86 doublings remaining.

Conclusions

This non-invasive methodology enabled the in-depth characterisation of hBM-MSCs from a single assay. This approach is advantageous for clinical applications as well as research and stands out for the characterisation of both present status as well as future behaviour. The use of data from five MSC lines with heterogenous AFMI profiles supports potential generalisability.

Graphical Abstract
Feynman formulas for qp- and pq-quantization of some Vladimirov type time-dependent Hamiltonians on finite adeles
Authors: Urban Roman
Published: August 2024

LetQbe thed-dimensional space of finite adeles over the algebraic number fieldKand let$$P=Q^*$$P=Q∗be its dual space. For a certain type of Vladimirov type time-dependent Hamiltonian$$H_V(t):Q\times P\rightarrow {\mathbb {C}}$$HV(t):Q×P→Cwe construct the Feynman formulas for the solution of the Cauchy problem with the Schrödinger operator "Equation missing"where the caret operator stands for theqp- orpq-quantization.
Big Disaster from Small Watershed: Insights into the Failure and Disaster-Causing Mechanism of a Debris Flow on 25 September 2021 in Tianquan, China
Authors: Hou Runing , Wu Mingyang , Li Zhi , Chen Ningsheng , Chen Xiaohu , Peng Taixin , Huang Na
Published: August 2024

The occurrence of debris flow events in small-scale watersheds with dense vegetation in mountainous areas that result in significant loss of life and missing individuals challenges our understanding and expertise in investigating and preventing these disasters. This has raised concerns about the occurrence of large debris flow disasters from small watersheds. This study focused on a catastrophic debris flow that took place in Longtou Gully (0.45 km2) in Tianquan County, Ya’an City on 25 September 2021, which resulted in 14 deaths and missing individuals. Through comprehensive field investigations, high-precision remote sensing data analyses, and numerical simulations, we analyzed the triggering mechanisms and dynamic processes of this event. Our results indicate that the convergence hollow at the channel head exhibited higher hydraulic conditions during rainfall compared to gentle slopes and convex terrains, leading to the instability of colluvial soil due to the expansion of the saturated zone near the soil–bedrock interface. The entrainment of material eroded from the channel resulted in an approximately 4.7 times increase in volume, and the channel scarp with a height of about 200 m amplified the destructive power of the debris flow. We emphasize the need to take seriously the possibility of catastrophic debris flows in small-scale watersheds, with colluvial deposits in hollows at the channel head under vegetation cover that serve as precursor material sources, and the presence of channel scarps formed by changes in the incision rate of the main river, which is common in the small watershed on both sides. This study provides insights for risk assessment of debris flows in small-scale catchments with dense vegetation cover in mountainous areas, highlighting the importance of vigilance in addressing disasters in small-scale catchments, particularly in regions with increasing human–environment conflicts.
Protection of Press Publishers in the Age of Generative AI – In Search of Legal Remedies to Adapt to the Pace of Technology
Authors: Kowala Michalina
Published: August 2024

Has everything already been said on the protection of press publishers? Surely not, and this is due to the new challenges for the press sector posed by Generative AI. This paper aims to discuss the solutions adopted in EU copyright law to safeguard the legal situation of press publishers in the face of the development of Generative AI. It identifies the shortcomings in existing forms of protection and proposes legal remedies for those shortcomings. It offers a fresh perspective on and insights into the new challenges posed by Generative AI, especially regarding its training phase. It explores the approach taken by EU legislation, and also makes reference to solutions proposed in the United States. The objective of this paper is to strike a balance between the need to ensure proper conditions for innovation and the need to protect human creativity and the dissemination thereof. It seeks to contribute to the ongoing debate on copyright and AI by assessing how the current copyright framework suits the development of Generative AI, identifying gaps in protection and paving the way for necessary legal changes in a context of transparency, compensation for use of protected content for AI training purposes, and preservation of rights.
Reducing Load Transfer to Buried Pipes Through Coupled Use of Geogrid Reinforcement and Sand Rubber Zone in the Backfill Material
Authors: Elshesheny Ahmed , Aljaberi Mohammad , Almanea Sara , Mohamed Mostafa
Published: August 2024

A laboratory study, consisting of 21 tests, was conducted to examine precisely the impact of using a sand-rubber mixture with three different ratios of rubber (3, 5, and 7%) in a particular zone within the backfill and a geogrid reinforcement on the pressure transferred to buried pipes from surface loads. The pipe was buried at two different burial depths of 1.5 and 2 times the pipe diameter. Tests were conducted with a geogrid-reinforcement layer placed above and below the sand-rubber zone to determine the optimal performance of the proposed system. The findings from these tests are expected to contribute valuable insights into the development of effective strategies for reducing the impact on buried pipes and enhancing their overall resilience, particularly in the face of increasing surface loading. The results revealed that using a rubber ratio of 5% would present the optimum rubber ratio and using a geogrid layer above the sand-rubber zone would provide additional stability, where the bearing capacity of the system was increased by 33.7%, independent of the pipe burial depth and rubber ratio. Furthermore, the use of a sand-rubber mixture and a geogrid layer contributed to decreasing the pressure transferred to the pipe crown and the deformation of the soil surface, respectively.
A new extension of the EDAS method in a fuzzy environment for group decision-making
Authors: Kacprzak Dariusz
Published: August 2024

The complexity of the decision-making problems being analysed has led to the development of multiple multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. One of the more recent methods belonging to this group is the evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) method. To date, it has found extensive use in solving real-world decision-making problems and has seen many extensions to input data types other than real numbers. One of these is the EDAS method for group decision-making in a fuzzy environment. This method aggregates individual evaluations of decision-makers into a group evaluation using the arithmetic mean. This may result in equal group ratings despite the variety of individual ratings, making it difficult or even impossible to rank alternatives because the EDAS algorithm will be blocked. The paper proposes a new fuzzy extension of EDAS called the PFEDAS method for group decision-making. The main difference between the proposed method and the original one is that at the initial stage the individual decision matrices are not aggregated into a group matrix but are transformed into matrices of alternatives. As a result, the new PFEDAS method is based on the initial data instead of their averaged values which allows a more accurate comparison of alternatives. Using a numerical example, the PFEDAS method is compared with other similar methods known from the literature.
Weight in the Workplace: Weight Discrimination Impacts Professional Outcomes as a Function of Social Pain Minimization
Authors: Johnson Brielle N. , Hunger Jeffrey M. , Sawhney Gargi , Kunstman Jonathan W.
Published: August 2024

Workplace weight discrimination is pervasive and harms both individuals and organizations. However, despite its negative effects on employees and employers, the social and psychological processes linking weight discrimination and workplace outcomes remain unclear. Rooted in evidence that people regularly dehumanize and dismiss the emotions of heavier individuals, the current work tests one socioemotional pathway linking workplace weight discrimination and professional outcomes: social pain minimization (SPM). SPM refers to feelings of emotion invalidation when people share negative social experiences with others and feel their hurts are discounted and dismissed by their colleagues. Across two studies using cross-sectional and prospective designs (Ntotal = 661), the current work provides evidence that workplace weight discrimination increased feelings of SPM, which in turn was associated with greater burnout, lower job satisfaction, and more counterproductive work behaviors. In the wake of workplace weight discrimination, subsequent SPM negatively affects workplace outcomes. For those experiencing workplace weight discrimination, mistreatment and invalidation frequently operate as a one-two punch to critical organizational outcomes.
Der Behandlungsprozess von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Geschlechtsinkongruenz/Geschlechtsdysphorie in Österreich
Authors: Klinger Diana , Oehlke Sofia-Marie , Bründlmayer Anselm , Zesch Heidi Elisabeth , Riedl Stefan
Published: August 2024

Mit den gegenwärtigen gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen rückt das Thema Geschlechtsidentität und Geschlechtsausdruck zunehmend in den Vordergrund. Insbesondere Kinder und Jugendliche stehen bei der Auseinandersetzung mit ihrer Geschlechtsidentität oft vor komplexen Herausforderungen. Daher ist es essenziell, dass sie auf diesem Weg umfassende Unterstützung und Verständnis erfahren. In Österreich verfolgt der Behandlungsprozess für Kinder und Jugendliche mit Geschlechtsinkongruenz/Geschlechtsdysphorie einen ganzheitlichen und interdisziplinären Ansatz, der darauf abzielt, die individuellen Bedürfnisse der Kinder und Jugendlichen zu erkennen und gezielt zu adressieren. Die aktuell gültigen „Empfehlungen für den Behandlungsprozess bei Geschlechtsdysphorie von Kindern und Jugendlichen nach der Klassifikation in der derzeit gültigen DSM- bzw. ICD-Fassung“ dienen hierbei als zentrale Orientierungshilfe. Diese Leitlinie enthält detaillierte Empfehlungen zur Behandlung von Kindern und Jugendlichen und unterstützt Fachkräfte dabei, eine umfassende Diagnostik und individuell angepasste Therapie sicherzustellen. Ziel ist es, durch ein integratives Betreuungskonzept die psychische und physische Gesundheit der jungen Menschen zu fördern, wobei das Wohlbefinden und die Lebensqualität nachhaltig verbessert werden sollen.
Transformation of the AECO industry through the metaverse: potentials and challenges
Authors: Claßen Hannah , Bartels Niels , Riedlinger Urs , Oppermann Leif
Published: August 2024

The integration of the metaverse into the real estate and construction industry reveals various potentials, but also challenges. The increasing digitization in the architecture, engineering, construction, and operation (AECO) sector requires a critical examination of aspects such as the metaverse. This paper is dedicated to examining the impact of the metaverse on the real estate and construction industry. The following specialist article is primarily aimed at the target group of the AECO sector, with the aim of gaining an initial overview of the opinions within this sector. The methodology used includes an in-depth literature review and a representative survey. Respondents from different age groups and areas of activity within the construction and real estate industry took part in this survey. The research questions of this paper are aimed at identifying the range of metaverse applications in the AECO industry, assessing their potential impact on business potential and challenges. The aim is to develop initial definitions and use cases and to create an overview of opinions in the industry. In this context, potential opportunities and risks will be examined to derive recommendations for an effective integration of the metaverse into the AECO industry. The results of this paper conducted indicate that there is still considerable uncertainty in the construction and real estate industry. It appears that the term “metaverse” and the associated potential through targeted use cases are not yet widespread in this industry. The survey participants recognize a potential for 3D visualizations in the metaverse that extends over the entire life cycle of buildings. An exemplary scenario for this is the use of 3D visualizations both during the planning phase and in marketing. The challenges identified shed light on uncertainties relating to data protection, privacy, and the influence of the internet. The results of the study reveal a high level of uncertainty and ignorance within the industry when it comes to understanding the metaverse. Based on the results, further studies are needed to establish the understanding and real potential of the metaverse in the industry. Conducting workshops specifically aimed at the AECO sector can help to deepen understanding of the potential of possible use cases.
From decay analysis to conservation plan of post-Vatican II religious architecture: Research on the Church of the Holy Family by Paolo Portoghesi in Italy
Authors: Cucco Pasquale , Garcia Maria Paula Fessia
Published: August 2024

After the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) religious architecture represented a pivotal era of transformation within the Catholic Church. This liturgical reform aimed to deepen the engagement of worshippers in the liturgy, fostering a more direct connection between the congregation and the celebrant. Architects responded by radically reimagining the design and aesthetics of sacred spaces and embracing innovative materials and construction techniques such as reinforced concrete. This shift enabled the creation of bold, symbolic structures characterized by simple geometric forms, fluid spaces, and enhanced transparency, utilizing natural light to evoke sacred atmospheres. An outstanding example of this architectural paradigm is the Church of the Holy Family in Salerno, Italy, designed by Paolo Portoghesi and Vittorio Gigliotti, starting in 1968. Built entirely in reinforced concrete, this church embodies the fusion of technical innovation with spiritual exploration, typifying ecclesiastical postmodernism. Despite their architectural significance, many postconciliar churches face challenges today, including insufficient conservation efforts and inadequate community recognition. This research focuses on the Church of the Holy Family in Salerno, investigating its evolution, technological advancements, and conservation needs. A comprehensive Conservation Plan is proposed to safeguard this architectural heritage, integrating analyses of degradation and restoration interventions. By addressing these aspects, this study aims to ensure the preservation of this postconciliar religious architecture within contemporary urban and social contexts.
Morphodynamics and management challenges for beaches in modified estuaries and bays
Authors: Vila-Concejo Ana , Fellowes Thomas E. , Gallop Shari , Alejo Irene , Angnuureng Donatus B. , Benavente Javier , Bosma Jorn W. , Brempong Emmanuel K. , Dissanayake Pushpa , Gazi Md Yousuf , González-Villanueva Rita , Guimarães Ricardo , Kennedy David M. , Largier John L. , van der Lugt Marlies A. , Montes Juan , Orescanin Mara , Pattiaratchi Charitha B. , Cajueiro Carneiro Pereira Luci , Marinho da Costa Pereira Remo Luan , Price Timothy , Rahbani Maryam , del Río Laura , Rosenthal Michael , de Schipper Matthieu , Ton Anne M. , WinklerPrins Lukas , Chen Zhongyuan
Published: August 2024

There is a relative lack of research, targeted models and tools to manage beaches in estuaries and bays (BEBs). Many estuaries and bays have been highly modified and urbanised, for example port developments and coastal revetments. This paper outlines the complications and opportunities for conserving and managing BEBs in modified estuaries. To do this, we focus on eight diverse case studies from North and South America, Asia, Europe, Africa and Australia combined with the broader global literature. Our key findings are as follows: (1) BEBs are diverse and exist under a great variety of tide and wave conditions that differentiate them from open-coast beaches; (2) BEBs often lack statutory protection and many have already been sacrificed to development; (3) BEBs lack specific management tools and are often managed using tools developed for open-coast beaches; and (4) BEBs have the potential to become important in “nature-based” management solutions. We set the future research agenda for BEBs, which should include broadening research to include greater diversity of BEBs than in the past, standardising monitoring techniques, including the development of global databases using citizen science and developing specific management tools for BEBs. We must recognise BEBs as unique coastal features and develop the required fundamental knowledge and tools to effectively manage them, so they can continue providing their unique ecosystem services.
PARP enzymes and mono-ADP-ribosylation: advancing the connection from interferon-signalling to cancer biology
Authors: Morone Barbara , Grimaldi Giovanna
Published: August 2024

ADP-ribosyltransferases of the PARP family encompass a group of enzymes with variegated regulatory functions in cells, ranging from DNA damage repair to the control of cell-cycle progression and immune response. Over the years, this knowledge has led to the use of PARP1/2 inhibitors as mainstay pharmaceutical strategies for the treatment of ovarian, pancreatic, prostate and breast cancers, holding mutations in genes encoding for proteins involved in the DNA repair mechanisms (synthetic lethality). Meanwhile, the last decade has witnessed significant progress in comprehending cellular pathways regulated by mono-ADP-ribosylation, with a huge effort in the development of novel selective compounds to inhibit those PARPs endowed with mono-ADP-ribosylation activity. This review focuses on the progress achieved in the cancer field, delving into most recent findings regarding the role of a subset of enzymes – the interferon-stimulated PARPs – in cancer progression.
Taking our lives out of their portfolios
Authors: Palladino Lenore
Published: August 2024

Brett Christophers’ Our Lives in Their Portfolios documents the rising dominance of asset managers in tangible assets that matter to society, such as housing and infrastructure. He rightly describes the social harm of asset managers who focus on short-term wealth extraction from assets that require long-term investment. Where Christophers focuses less is on another structural question raised: why are the financial assets of working people in public and union pension funds managed by these extractive asset managers in the first place? How do we take our lives out of their portfolios?
Quantifying the scientist–practitioner gap: How do small business owners react to our academic articles?
Authors: Zhou Steven , Campbell Lauren N.P. , Fyffe Shea
Published: August 2024

Much ink has been spilled on the scientist–practitioner gap, that is, the apparent divide between knowledge published in academic peer-reviewed journals and the actual business practices employed in modern organizations. Most prior papers have advanced meaningful theories on why the gap exists, ranging from poor communication skills on the part of academics to paywalls and other obstacles preventing the public from accessing research in industrial-organizational psychology (I-O). However, very few papers on the scientist–practitioner gap have taken an empirical approach to better understand why the gap exists and what can be done about it. In our focal article, we specifically discuss the gap as it pertains to small businesses and present empirical data on the topic. Drawing from our experiences working with and in small businesses before entering a PhD program, we suggest that a primary reason for the existence of this gap is the differences between large and small businesses, and we advance two theory-driven reasons for why this is the case. Next, we compiled abstracts and practical implications sections from articles published in top I-O journals in the past 5 years, then we collected ratings and open-ended text responses from subject matter experts (i.e., small business owners and managers) in reaction to reading these sections. We close by recommending several potential perspectives, both for and against our arguments, that peer commentators can take in their responses to our focal article.
Dewetting of a corner film wrapping a wall-mounted cylinder
Authors: Suo Si , Habibi Khorasani Seyed Morteza , Bagheri Shervin
Published: August 2024

In this study, we investigate the stability of a film that is attached to a corner between a cylinder and a substrate, using a combination of theoretical and numerical approaches. Notably, we place our focus on flat and thin films where the contact line is almost perpendicular to the cylinder wall whereas a small angle forms between the contact line and the substrate, and the film size is smaller than the cylinder radius. The film stability, which depends on the film size and the wall wettability, is first predicted by a standard linear stability analysis (LSA) within the long-wave theoretical framework. We find that the film size plays the most important role in controlling the film stability. Specifically, the thicker the film is, the less sensitive it becomes to the large-wavenumber perturbation. The wall wettability mainly impacts the growth rates of perturbations and slightly influences the marginal stability and postinstability patterns of wrapping films. We compare the LSA predictions with numerical results obtained from a disjoining pressure model (DPM) and volume-of-fluid (VOF) simulations, which provide more insights into the film breakup process. At the early stage there is a strong agreement between the LSA predictions and the DPM results. Notably, as the perturbation grows, thin film regions connecting two neighbouring satellite droplets form which may eventually lead to a stable or temporary secondary droplet, an aspect which the LSA is incapable of capturing. In addition, the VOF simulations suggest that beyond a critical film size, merging between two neighbouring drops becomes involved during the breakup stage. Therefore, the LSA predictions are able to provide only an upper limit on the final number of satellite droplets.
Thin-film flow due to an asymmetric distribution of surface tension and applications to surfactant deposition
Authors: Eshima Jun , Deike Luc , Stone Howard A.
Published: August 2024

Thin-film equations are utilised in many different areas of fluid dynamics when there exists a direction in which the aspect ratio can be considered small. We consider thin free films with Marangoni effects in the extensional flow regime, where velocity gradients occur predominantly along the film. In practice, because of the local deposition of surfactants or input of energy, asymmetric distributions of surfactants or surface tension more generally, are possible. Such examples include the surface of bubbles and the rupture of thin films. In this study, we consider the asymmetric thin-film equations for extensional flow with Marangoni effects. Concentrating on the case of small Reynolds number$ Re $, we study the deposition of insoluble surfactants on one side of a liquid sheet otherwise at rest and the resulting thinning and rupture of the sheet. The analogous problem with a uniformly thinning liquid sheet is also considered. In addition, the centreline deformation is discussed. In particular, we show analytically that if the surface tension isotherm$\sigma = \sigma (\varGamma )$is nonlinear (surface tension$\sigma$varies with surfactant concentration$\varGamma$), then accounting for top–bottom asymmetry leads to slower (faster) thinning and pinching if$\sigma = \sigma (\varGamma )$is convex (concave). The analytical progress reported in this paper allows us to discuss the production of satellite drops from rupture via Marangoni effects, which, if relevant to surface bubbles, would be an aerosol production mechanism that is distinct from jet drops and film drops.