bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figure 10 from An NFAT1-C3a-C3aR Positive Feedback Loop in Tumor-Associated Macrophages Promotes a Glioma Stem Cell Malignant Phenotype
Authors: Zhang Yaochuan , Song Yifu , Wang Xiaoliang , Shi Mengwu , Lin Yibin , Tao Dongxia , Han Sheng
Published: March 2024

The effects of C3a on GSCs and HBMECs.
Supplementary Table 3 from FcγRIIB Is an Immune Checkpoint Limiting the Activity of Treg-Targeting Antibodies in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Knorr David A. , Blanchard Lucas , Leidner Rom S. , Jensen Shawn M. , Meng Ryan , Jones Andrew , Ballesteros-Merino Carmen , Bell Richard B. , Baez Maria , Marino Alessandra , Sprott David , Bifulco Carlo B. , Piening Brian , Dahan Rony , Osorio Juan C. , Fox Bernard A. , Ravetch Jeffrey V.
Published: March 2024

HNSCC patient characteristics
Supplementary Figure 1 from FcγRIIB Is an Immune Checkpoint Limiting the Activity of Treg-Targeting Antibodies in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Knorr David A. , Blanchard Lucas , Leidner Rom S. , Jensen Shawn M. , Meng Ryan , Jones Andrew , Ballesteros-Merino Carmen , Bell Richard B. , Baez Maria , Marino Alessandra , Sprott David , Bifulco Carlo B. , Piening Brian , Dahan Rony , Osorio Juan C. , Fox Bernard A. , Ravetch Jeffrey V.
Published: March 2024

Expression profile of hCTLA-4 in humanized CTLA-4/FcγR mice bearing B16 or MCA-205 tumors
Table S3 from Intragenic Rearrangement Burden Associates with Immune Cell Infiltration and Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Cancer
Authors: Zhang Han , Lee Sanghoon , Muthakana Renee R. , Lu Binfeng , Boone David N. , Lee Daniel , Wang Xiao-Song
Published: March 2024

Table S3
Supplementary Fig. 3 from LILRB3 Supports Immunosuppressive Activity of Myeloid Cells and Tumor Development
Authors: Huang Ryan , Liu Xiaoye , Kim Jaehyup , Deng Hui , Deng Mi , Gui Xun , Chen Heyu , Wu Guojin , Xiong Wei , Xie Jingjing , Lewis Cheryl , Homsi Jade , Yang Xing , Zhang Chengcheng , He Yubo , Lou Qi , Smith Caroline , John Samuel , Zhang Ningyan , An Zhiqiang , Zhang Cheng Cheng
Published: March 2024

Supplementary Fig. 3 with figure legend
Supplementary Fig. 1D from LILRB3 Supports Immunosuppressive Activity of Myeloid Cells and Tumor Development
Authors: Huang Ryan , Liu Xiaoye , Kim Jaehyup , Deng Hui , Deng Mi , Gui Xun , Chen Heyu , Wu Guojin , Xiong Wei , Xie Jingjing , Lewis Cheryl , Homsi Jade , Yang Xing , Zhang Chengcheng , He Yubo , Lou Qi , Smith Caroline , John Samuel , Zhang Ningyan , An Zhiqiang , Zhang Cheng Cheng
Published: March 2024

Supplementary Fig. 1D with figure legend
Supplementary Fig. 1A from LILRB3 Supports Immunosuppressive Activity of Myeloid Cells and Tumor Development
Authors: Huang Ryan , Liu Xiaoye , Kim Jaehyup , Deng Hui , Deng Mi , Gui Xun , Chen Heyu , Wu Guojin , Xiong Wei , Xie Jingjing , Lewis Cheryl , Homsi Jade , Yang Xing , Zhang Chengcheng , He Yubo , Lou Qi , Smith Caroline , John Samuel , Zhang Ningyan , An Zhiqiang , Zhang Cheng Cheng
Published: March 2024

Supplementary Fig. 1A with figure legend
Figure S6 from T-cell States, Repertoire, and Function in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma Revealed through Single-Cell Analyses
Authors: Chen Xiufen , Yu Jovian , Venkataraman Girish , Smith Sonali M. , Chen Mengjie , Cooper Alan , Tumuluru Sravya , Brody Joshua D. , Godfrey James , Kline Justin
Published: March 2024

Supplemental Figure S6. Markers differentiated across T cell clusters via multi-spectral flow cytometry from all samples
Figure S2 from T-cell States, Repertoire, and Function in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma Revealed through Single-Cell Analyses
Authors: Chen Xiufen , Yu Jovian , Venkataraman Girish , Smith Sonali M. , Chen Mengjie , Cooper Alan , Tumuluru Sravya , Brody Joshua D. , Godfrey James , Kline Justin
Published: March 2024

Supplemental Figure S2. Proportions of all clusters in RLT and cHL samples
Data from T-cell States, Repertoire, and Function in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma Revealed through Single-Cell Analyses
Authors: Chen Xiufen , Yu Jovian , Venkataraman Girish , Smith Sonali M. , Chen Mengjie , Cooper Alan , Tumuluru Sravya , Brody Joshua D. , Godfrey James , Kline Justin
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) environment is comprised of a dense and complex immune cell infiltrate interspersed with rare malignant Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells. HRS cells are actively surveilled by endogenous T cells, but data linking phenotypic and functional T-cell states with clonality at the single-cell level in cHL is lacking. To address this knowledge gap, we performed paired single-cell RNA and T-cell receptor sequencing on 14 cHL and 5 reactive lymphoid tissue specimens. Conventional CD4+ T cells dominated the cHL landscape. However, recurrent clonal expansion within effector and exhausted CD8+ T-cell and regulatory T-cell clusters was uniquely observed in cHL specimens. Multiplex flow cytometric analysis revealed that most lymphoma-resident T cells produced effector cytokines upon ex vivo restimulation, arguing against a profound dysfunctional T-cell state in cHL. Our results raise new questions about the nature of T cells that mediate the antilymphoma response following programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade therapy in cHL.
Abstract P17: Epigenomic fingerprinting of limited primary immune cells using automated CUT&RUN
Authors: Weinzapfel Ellen N. , Maier Keith E. , Marunde Matthew R. , Kumary Vishnu U. Sunitha , Windham Carolina P. Lin , Maryanski Danielle N , Albertorio-Saez Liz , Ahimovic Dughan J. , Bale Michael J. , Lee Juliana J. , Venters Bryan J. , Keogh Michael-Christopher ,   Immunological Genome Consortium
Published: March 2024

Chromatin structure drives gene expression programs during immune cell development and in cancer, making it central to the advancement of precision medicine. Indeed, the study of chromatin regulation has provided valuable insight on effector cell differentiation and function, anti-tumor immune responses, and therapeutic resistance. Epigenomic features – such as histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) and chromatin-associated proteins – mark distinct genomic compartments (e.g., promoters, enhancers) and regulate chromatin function/gene expression. Mapping the genomic distribution of these may uncover new biomarkers or drug targets and provides a rich context for exploring immunology. Despite widespread interest, integration of epigenomics in large-scale immunotherapy and/or drug research has been hampered by the poor sensitivity, high background, and low throughput of traditional chromatin mapping technologies, most notably ChIP-seq. Instead, efforts to characterize chromatin dynamics have focused on DNA methylation (bisulfite-seq) or chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq). However, these assays provide an incomplete view of the chromatin landscape, limiting their ability to define cell differentiation pathways or derive mechanistic insight into disease etiology. Here, we present autoCUT&RUN, a high-throughput assay for rapid, ultra-sensitive profiling of epigenomic features from FACS-isolated primary cells or tissues. This workflow generates reliable profiles from ~10,000 cells per reaction, and is supported by a rigorous optimization strategy, high-quality antibodies, and quantitative spike-in controls. As part of a multi-site collaboration with the Immunological Genome Consortium, we used our autoCUT&RUN platform to build a comprehensive epigenomic database of primary mouse immune cells - composed of >1,500 epigenomic profiles from >100 different FACS-isolated immune cell types. These studies set the stage to leverage high-throughput epigenomics in immunotherapy and precision medicine applications.

Citation Format: Ellen N. Weinzapfel, Keith E. Maier, Matthew R. Marunde, Vishnu U. Sunitha Kumary, Carolina P. Lin Windham, Danielle N Maryanski, Liz Albertorio-Saez, Dughan J. Ahimovic, Michael J. Bale, Juliana J. Lee, Bryan J. Venters, Michael-Christopher Keogh, Immunological Genome Consortium. Epigenomic fingerprinting of limited primary immune cells using automated CUT&RUN [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Blood Cancer Discovery Symposium; 2024 Mar 4-6; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Blood Cancer Discov 2024;5(2_Suppl):Abstract nr P17.
Abstract P31: Graph-Based Deep Learning for Predicting Synergy in Multi-Drug Treatments for Leukemia
Authors: Marrapu Archishma
Published: March 2024

Leukemia, a cancer impacting blood-forming tissues such as bone marrow and the lymphatic system, presents in various forms, affecting children and adults differently. The therapeutic approach is complex and depends on the specific leukemia type. Effective management is crucial as it disrupts normal blood cell production, increasing infection susceptibility. Treatments like chemotherapy can further weaken immunity. Thus, a patient’s healthcare plan should focus on comfort, reducing chemotherapy side effects, protecting veins, addressing complications, and offering educational and emotional support. One of the greatest challenges we face in cancer research and treatment is the ability of cancer to adapt, evolve, and become drug-resistant. We expect that the future of cancer treatment will be in combining therapies to overcome resistance – but we need to get much better at predicting which drug combinations will work best for individual patients. Recent studies showed that a combination of two drugs keeps patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia disease-free and alive longer than the current standard of care, according to the Stanford University School of Medicine and multiple other institutions. This article proposes studies on the combined use of drugs for treating leukemia. Employing a mix of medicines might decrease the chances of tumor resistance. Starting multiple drugs concurrently allows for immediate application during disease onset, avoiding delays. Initial chemotherapy uses a drug combination to eliminate maximum leukemia cells and restore normal blood counts. Afterward, intensification chemotherapy targets any residual, undetectable leukemia cells in the blood or bone marrow. To recommend a drug combination to treat/manage Leukemia, we have employed a Graph Neural Network to pass information between these trending drugs and genes that act as potential targets for Leukemia.

Citation Format: Archishma Marrapu. Graph-Based Deep Learning for Predicting Synergy in Multi-Drug Treatments for Leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Blood Cancer Discovery Symposium; 2024 Mar 4-6; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Blood Cancer Discov 2024;5(2_Suppl):Abstract nr P31.
FIGURE 5 from Identification and Characterization of a Small Molecule Bcl-2 Functional Converter
Authors: Kopparapu Prasad R. , Pearce Martin C. , Löhr Christiane V. , Duong Cathy , Jang Hyo Sang , Tyavanagimatt Shanthakumar , O'Donnell Edmond F. , Nakshatri Harikrishna , Kolluri Siva K.
Published: March 2024

BFC1108 induces cell death across multiple Bcl-2–expressing TNBC cell lines to a greater extent than ABT199. Cell death percentage is calculated based upon viability assay after 72 hours treatment at the indicated BFC1108 concentrations.
FIGURE 4 from Identification and Characterization of a Small Molecule Bcl-2 Functional Converter
Authors: Kopparapu Prasad R. , Pearce Martin C. , Löhr Christiane V. , Duong Cathy , Jang Hyo Sang , Tyavanagimatt Shanthakumar , O'Donnell Edmond F. , Nakshatri Harikrishna , Kolluri Siva K.
Published: March 2024

Interaction of BFC1108 with Bcl-2. A, Limited proteolysis of Bcl-2 loop domain in the presence of BFC1108. Purified GST-tagged Bcl-2 loop domain and GST only control were incubated with 50 µmol/L BFC1108. The proteolysis pattern of loop domain was determined at the indicated times upon coincubation with trypsin. B, BFC1108 stabilizes and increases melting temperature (Tm) of Bcl-2 full-length protein. Thermal unfolding of Bcl-2 full-length protein in the presence of BFC1108 was monitored by SYPRO Orange fluorescence. Z-tag and no protein control samples were included to confirm BFC1108 specific interaction with Bcl-2. Two-way ANOVA with Sidak multiple comparisons post hoc test, **, P < 0.01; ****, P < 0.0001. C, BFC1108 stabilizes and increases Bcl-2 loop domain melting temperature (Tm). Thermal unfolding of Bcl-2 loop domain in the presence of BFC1108 monitored by SYPRO Orange fluorescence. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett multiple comparisons post hoc test, ****, P < 0.0001. D, MDA-MB-231/Bcl-2, H460 cells were exposed to BFC1108 at 10 µmol/L concentration for 48 hours in a medium containing 10% serum. Change in conformation of Bcl-2 was determined by using Bcl-2 BH3 antibody followed by flow cytometric analysis.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Establishment and Characterization of an Epstein-Barr Virus–positive Cell Line from a Non-keratinizing Differentiated Primary Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Chai Annie Wai Yeeng , Yee Shi Mun , Lee Hui Mei , Abdul Aziz Norazlin , Yee Pei San , Marzuki Marini , Wong Ka Wo , Chiang Alan K.S. , Chow Larry Ka-Yue , Dai Wei , Liu Teng Fei , Tan Lu Ping , Khoo Alan Soo Beng , Lo Kwok Wai , Lim Paul V.H. , Rajadurai Pathmanathan , Lightfoot Howard , Barthorpe Syd , Garnett Mathew J. , Cheong Sok Ching
Published: March 2024

Activation of immune-related pathway such as the interferon response pathway.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Establishment and Characterization of an Epstein-Barr Virus–positive Cell Line from a Non-keratinizing Differentiated Primary Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Chai Annie Wai Yeeng , Yee Shi Mun , Lee Hui Mei , Abdul Aziz Norazlin , Yee Pei San , Marzuki Marini , Wong Ka Wo , Chiang Alan K.S. , Chow Larry Ka-Yue , Dai Wei , Liu Teng Fei , Tan Lu Ping , Khoo Alan Soo Beng , Lo Kwok Wai , Lim Paul V.H. , Rajadurai Pathmanathan , Lightfoot Howard , Barthorpe Syd , Garnett Mathew J. , Cheong Sok Ching
Published: March 2024

NPC268 is capable of anchorage-independent growth and is tumorigenic in vivo.
Association between Intermittent Hypoxemia and NICU Length of Stay in Preterm Infants
Authors: Hibbs Anna Maria , Chen Zhengyi , Minich Nori M. , Martin Richard J. , Raffay Thomas M. , MacFarlane Peter M. , Di Fiore Juliann M.
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Length of hospitalization varies widely in preterm infants and can be affected by multiple maternal and neonatal factors including respiratory instability. Therefore, we aimed to determine the association between postnatal intermittent hypoxemia (IH) and prolonged hospitalization. Methods: This prospective single-center cohort study followed infants born at <31 weeks of gestational age through 2 years corrected age with detailed oxygen saturation data captured from days 7 to 30 of age. Results: 51/164 (31%) of infants were discharged after 400/7 weeks of corrected gestational age (CGA). A greater average daily number of IH events (OR per 10 events/day 1.33 [95% CI 1.03–1.72]), duration of events (OR per minute 1.14 [1.07–1.21]), and percent time with oxygen saturation <80% (OR per percent 1.88 [1.25–2.85]) on days 7–30 of age were all significantly associated with prolonged hospitalization past 400/7 weeks CGA. In survival analyses, infants with a greater average daily number of IH events (HR per 10 events/day 0.89 [0.81–0.98]), percent time with oxygen saturation <80% (HR per percent 0.79 [0.67–0.94]), and duration of events (HR per minute 0.93 [0.91–0.95]) on days 7–30 of age all had significantly lower probability of earlier discharge. In addition, there was a significant interaction with gestational age; the association between IH and prolonged hospitalization was stronger in more mature infants (p = 0.024). Conclusions: Physiological instability on days 7–30 of age, as manifested by IH, is significantly associated with prolonged hospitalization. IH likely represents both a marker of initial severity of illness and the beginning of biological cascades, leading to prematurity-associated morbidities.
Efficacy of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Menglong , Wang Tongrui , Gu Feng
Published: March 2024

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder, and there is an increasing interest in the potential benefits of traditional Chinese medicine, such as Huanglian Jiedu decoction (HJD), for its management. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of HJD in the treatment of T2DM. Methods: A systematic review was conducted across six databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang, from their inception to August 24, 2023. We focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated HJD as both a monotherapy and in combination treatments for T2DM patients. Data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 17.0, with evaluations for heterogeneity and publication bias. Additionally, subgroup analyses were stratified based on the duration of treatment. Results: A total of 40 studies involving 3,934 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Both HJD monotherapy and combined with other therapies significantly reduced hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 2-h postprandial glucose (2hPG) levels, as well as improved insulin resistance. Furthermore, combination therapy enhanced the efficacy rate and favorably altered lipid profiles, including increasing HDL-C and decreasing LDL-C, TC, and TG levels. It was worth noting that the results of the subgroup analysis indicated that, in terms of reducing HbA1c and 2hPG, the efficacy of HJD alone for a duration of less than 3 months was found to be potentially superior to that observed in treatments exceeding 3 months. Adverse event assessment suggested that HJD did not increase the incidence of side effects, including diarrhea, affirming its safety. Conclusion: HJD appears to be an effective and safe alternative or adjunctive therapy for T2DM, showing significant improvements in glycemic control and lipid profiles without increasing adverse events. Further rigorous, multicenter RCTs outside China are warranted to validate these findings.
Combined Genetic Association and Differed Expression Analysis of UBE2L3 Uncovers a Genetic Regulatory Role of (Immuno)proteasome in IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Xu Lin-Lin , Gan Ting , Li Yang , Chen Pei , Shi Su-Fang , Liu Li-Jun , Lv Ji-Cheng , Zhang Hong , Zhou Xu-Jie
Published: March 2024

Introduction: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. The exact pathogenesis of IgAN is not well defined, but some genetic studies have led to a novel discovery that the (immuno)proteasome probably plays an important role in IgAN. Methods: We firstly analyzed the association of variants in the UBE2L3 region with susceptibility to IgAN in 3,495 patients and 9,101 controls, and then analyzed the association between lead variant and clinical phenotypes in 1,803 patients with regular follow-up data. The blood mRNA levels of members of the ubiquitin-proteasome system including UBE2L3 were analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 53 patients and 28 healthy controls. The associations between UBE2L3 and the expression levels of genes involved in Gd-IgA1 production were also explored. Results: The rs131654 showed the most significant association signal in UBE2L3 region (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04–1.16, p = 2.29 × 10−3), whose genotypes were also associated with the levels of Gd-IgA1 (p = 0.04). The rs131654 was observed to exert cis-eQTL effects on UBE2L3 in various tissues and cell types, particularly in immune cell types in multiple databases. The UBE2L3, LUBAC, and proteasome subunits were highly expressed in patients compared with healthy controls. High expression levels of UBE2L3 were not only associated with higher proteinuria (r = 0.34, p = 0.01) and lower eGFR (r = −0.28, p = 0.04), but also positively correlated with the gene expression of LUBAC and other proteasome subunits. Additionally, mRNA expression levels of UBE2L3 were also positively correlated with IL-6 and RELA, but negatively correlated with the expression levels of the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation including C1GALT1 and C1GALT1C1. Conclusion: In conclusion, by combined genetic association and differed expression analysis of UBE2L3, our data support a role of genetically conferred dysregulation of the (immuno)proteasome in regulating galactose-deficient IgA1 in the development of IgAN.
Practical Approaches to the Management of Cardiorenal Disease Beyond Congestion
Authors: Blazquez-Bermejo Zorba , Quiroga Borja , Casado Jesús , de la Espriella Rafael , Trullàs Joan Carles , Romero-González Gregorio , Rubio-Gracia Jorge , Díez Javier , Núñez Julio , de Sequera Patricia , Recio-Mayoral Alejandro , Pérez-Silvestre José , Cobo Marcos Marta
Published: March 2024

The coexistence of heart and kidney diseases, also called cardiorenal syndrome, is increasingly common, leads to a significant impact on morbidity and mortality, and poses diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. There is a risk-treatment paradox, such that patients with the highest risk are treated with lesser disease-modifying medical therapies.
In this document, different scientific societies propose a practical approach to systematically address and optimize cardiorenal therapies and related comorbidities in chronic cardiorenal disease beyond congestion. Cardiorenal programs have emerged as novel models that may assist in delivering coordinated and holistic management for these patients.
Advancements in Uric Acid Stone Detection: Integrating Deep Learning with CT Imaging and Clinical Assessments in the Upper Urinary Tract
Authors: Jin Lichen , Chen Zongxin , Sun Yizhang , Tian Zhen , Yi Xincheng , Huang Yuhua
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Among upper urinary tract stones, a significant proportion comprises uric acid stones. The aim of this study was to use machine learning techniques to analyze CT scans and blood and urine test data, with the aim of establishing multiple predictive models that can accurately identify uric acid stones. Methods: We divided 276 patients with upper urinary tract stones into two groups: 48 with uric acid stones and 228 with other types, identified using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. To distinguish the stone types, we created three types of deep learning models and extensively compared their classification performance. Results: Among the three major types of models, considering accuracy, sensitivity, and recall, CLNC-LR, IMG-support vector machine (SVM), and FUS-SVM perform the best. The accuracy and F1 score for the three models were as follows: CLNC-LR (82.14%, 0.7813), IMG-SVM (89.29%, 0.89), and FUS-SVM (29.29%, 0.8818). The area under the curves for classes CLNC-LR, IMG-SVM, and FUS-SVM were 0.97, 0.96, and 0.99, respectively. Conclusion: This study shows the feasibility of utilizing deep learning to assess whether urinary tract stones are uric acid stones through CT scans, blood, and urine tests. It can serve as a supplementary tool for traditional stone composition analysis, offering decision support for urologists and enhancing the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment.
Climate Change and Stroke: A Topical Narrative Review
Authors: Ranta Anna , Kang Janice , Saad Ali , Wasay Mohammed , Béjot Yannick , Ozturk Serefnur , Giroud Maurice , Reis Jacques , Douwes Jeroen
Published: March 2024

The impacts of accumulating atmospheric greenhouse gases on the earth’s climate are now well established. As a result, there have been increases in ambient temperatures and resultant higher frequency and duration of temperature extremes and other extreme weather events, which have been linked to a wide range of adverse health outcomes. This topical narrative review provides a summary of published evidence on the links between climate change and stroke. There is consistent evidence of associations between stroke incidence and mortality and increasing ambient temperature and air pollution. Associations have also been shown for changes in barometric pressure, wildfires, and desert dust and sandstorms, but current evidence is limited. Flooding and other extreme weather events appear to primarily cause service disruption, but more direct links to stroke may emerge. Synergies between dietary changes that reduce stroke risk and may also reduce carbon footprint are being explored. We also discuss the impact on vulnerable populations, proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms, mitigation strategies, and current research priorities. In conclusion, climate change increasingly impacts the stroke community, warranting elevated attention.
Tubakia byeongjinii, a new species of Tubakiaceae, isolated from Quercus variabilis in South Korea
Authors: CHO SUNG-EUN , SHIN KEUMCHUL , KIM YONG-HO , LEE DONG-HYEON
Published: March 2024

A routine survey to establish an inventory of fungal pathogens occurring on Quercus spp. in South Korea was conducted in the autumn of 2021 and 2022. Symptoms, including leaf spot, were frequently observed on Quercus variabilis leaves in a natural forest located in Sejong. A fungus with unique morphological characteristics, including pycnothyria, was found to be a major colonizer in the infected leaves of Q. variabilis. Based on the morphological characteristics of the fungus, it was identified as a member of Tubakia. Sequence comparisons of LSU, ITS, and TEF-1α gene regions revealed that the fungus was an undetermined species of Tubakia. This novel species is described as T. byeongjinii sp. nov., and this is the first report of Tubakia species on Q. variabilis in South Korea.
The Effect of Incremental Scaffolds in Experimentation on Cognitive Load
Authors: Hülsmann Marlina , Stiller Cornelia , Wilde Matthias
Published: March 2024

Experimentation provides a suitable way for students to gain an understanding of scientific inquiry since it is one of its main methods to develop scientific knowledge. However, it is assumed that experimentation can lead to cognitive overload when students experience little support during experimentation, which, in turn, might hinder effective learning. Extraneous cognitive load describes the load caused by inefficient instructional designs such as unguided problem-solving or the way information is presented and thus can be influenced by appropriate instructions. In order to prevent students from cognitive overload and assist them during experimentation, they can be provided with incremental scaffolds, which are sequential written solution instructions. The present study investigates the extent to which the use of incremental scaffolds affects learners’ cognitive load during experimentation in biology classes. The students in the Incremental Scaffolds Group (IncrS; n = 54) used incremental scaffolds in two self-conducted experiments while students of the No-Incremental Scaffolds Group (No-IncrS; n = 74) experimented openly without such a support. Both groups were provided with a pre-structured researcher protocol including the steps of experimentation and received the same lessons. Extraneous cognitive load was assessed after both experiments using a self-developed questionnaire consisting of two items. These were designed to assess how cognitive load was affected by the learning materials. The findings only revealed a significant main effect of time between the two conducted experiments, but no significant interaction effect with the treatment. Consequently, the results show that repeated experimentation reduces cognitive load during experimentation, regardless of the provision of incremental scaffolds. The positive effects of incremental scaffolds, thus possibly also concerning cognitive load, are assumed to occur only after multiple applications; hence, they might need to be applied more frequently and regularly to really become practiced. Two sessions of experimenting with incremental scaffolds seem to be insufficient for providing learners with substantial support, as students may need more time to fully adjust to utilizing the incremental scaffolds. Furthermore, a brief reflection phase on the use of incremental scaffolds at the end of each lesson in which they were used appears to be helpful. If incremental scaffolds can free up working memory, it may also be useful to consider the relation between incremental scaffolds, cognitive load, and knowledge acquisition.
Effects of Surface Turbulence Flux Parameterizations on the MJO: The Role of Ocean Surface Waves
Authors: Ikuyajolu Olawale James , Van Roekel Luke , Brus Steven R. , Thomas Erin E. , Deng Yi , Benedict James J.
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the sensitivity of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) to changes to the bulk flux parameterization and the role of ocean surface waves in air–sea coupling using a fully coupled ocean–atmosphere–wave model. The atmospheric and ocean model components of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) are coupled to a spectral wave model, WAVEWATCH III (WW3). Two experiments with wind speed–dependent bulk algorithms (NCAR and COARE3.0a) and one experiment with wave-state-dependent flux (COR3.0a-WAV) were conducted. We modify COARE3.0a to include surface roughness calculated within WW3 and also account for the buffering effect of waves on the relative difference between air-side and ocean-side momentum flux. Differences in surface fluxes, primarily caused by discrepancies in drag coefficients, result in significant differences in MJO’s properties. While COARE3.0a has better convection–circulation coupling than NCAR, it exhibits anomalous MJO convection east of the date line. The wave-state-dependent flux (COR3.0-WAV) improves the MJO representation over the default COARE3.0 algorithm. Strong easterlies over the Pacific Ocean in COARE3.0a enhance the latent heat flux (LHFLX). This is responsible for the anomalous MJO propagation after the date line. In COR3.0a-WAV, waves reduce the anomalous easterlies, leading to a decrease in LHFLX and MJO dissipation after the date line. These findings highlight the role of surface fluxes in MJO simulation fidelity. Most importantly, we show that the proper treatment of wave-induced effects in bulk flux parameterization improves the simulation of coupled climate variability.
The Pandemic Experiences of Special Education Teachers in Georgia: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Fisher Karin M. , Standridge Kelly E. , Echezabal Laura M. , Grice Edie G. , Greer Adia
Published: March 2024

A sequential explanatory mixed methods study was conducted to determine special education teachers’ (SETs) pandemic experiences in the U.S. state of Georgia. We distributed a survey, held focus groups, and analyzed both data for complementarity. We found that SETs experienced challenges, benefits, and concerns when they returned to their classrooms. Although they reported feeling professionally supported during remote learning, they described difficulties and worries about meeting the individualized needs of students with disabilities. Special educators’ increased workload and stress likely impacted attrition and student learning outcomes. Based on these pandemic-related experiences, we provided five recommendations for researchers, administrators, and policymakers to address the SET shortage and prepare for future school closures.
The “Starting-Small” Effect in Phonology: Evidence From Biased Learning of Opaque and Transparent Vowel Harmony
Authors: Chen Tsung-Ying
Published: March 2024

The starting-small effect is a cognitive advantage in language acquisition when learners begin by generalizing on regularities from structurally simple and shorter tokens in a skewed input distribution. Our study explored this effect as a potential explanation for the biased learning of opaque and transparent vowel harmony. In opaque vowel harmony, feature agreement occurs strictly between adjacent vowels, and an intervening “neutral vowel” blocks long-distance vowel harmony. Thus, opaque vowel harmony could be acquired even if learners start with structurally simpler and more frequent disyllabic tokens. Alternatively, transparent vowel harmony can only be observed in longer tokens demonstrating long-distance agreement by skipping a neutral vowel. Opaque vowel harmony is predicted to be learned more efficiently due to its compatibility with local dependency acquired via starting-small learning. In two artificial grammar learning experiments, learners were exposed to both vowel harmony patterns embedded in an equal number of disyllabic and trisyllabic tokens or a skewed distribution with twice as many disyllabic tokens. In Exp I, learners’ test performance suggests the consistently biased learning of local and opaque vowel harmony with starting-small learning. Furthermore, in Exp II, the acquired vowel harmony patterns varied significantly by working memory capacity with a balanced but not skewed input distribution, presumably because of the ease of cognitive demand with starting-small learning.
Design of fast braiding process based on reconstructing mesh with complex and irregular mandrels
Authors: Li Cheng’en , Li Qiyang , Chi Xinfu , Ji Chengchang , Sun Yize
Published: March 2024

Circular braiding of large-sized and complex irregular structural components is widely used in fields such as aerospace and rail transit. However, existing braiding process design and simulation algorithms lack applicability to mandrels with complex features, such as flanges, concave corners, holes, and hollows, which also have low calculation efficiency in the braiding process simulation. This study first proposes an optimization algorithm for the complex features on the mandrel surface, improving the applicability for the braiding process design of complex and irregular mandrels. Then the mandrel mesh was reconstructed, greatly improving the computational efficiency of the braiding process design process. Finally, a fast iteration method based on the mandrel reconstructed mesh was proposed to achieve the fast calculation of process control parameters, including traction trajectory and traction speed, as well as the prediction of forming quality for the braiding angle and coverage rate. The experiment shows that the algorithm improves the applicability of the multi-braiding angle process and shortens the sampling cycle of braiding process design by more than 60%.
Fixed-time nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for trajectory tracking of uncertain robot manipulators
Authors: Chen Yunjun , Li Fanglei , Zhang Lu
Published: March 2024

This paper investigates the fixed-time trajectory tracking problem for uncertain robot manipulators and proposes a fixed-time nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller. First, an adaptive disturbance observer is constructed to estimate the unknown lumped disturbance in fixed-time. Then, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface is developed by introducing the auxiliary function. Based on the designed sliding mode surface and disturbance observer, a continuous fixed-time nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller is designed to ensure that the upper bound of the convergence time is independent of system initial conditions. Rigorous stability is given by utilizing the Lyapunov theory. Finally, numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Assessing the relationship between information overload, role stress, and teachers’ job performance: Exploring the moderating effect of self-efficacy
Authors: Rasool Tayyba , Warraich Nosheen Fatima , Arshad Alia
Published: March 2024

The integrated technologies’ role has increased at educational institutes, and multiple information resources have increased the phenomenon of information overload and role stress among teachers. This study investigated the relationship between information overload, role stress, and teachers’ job performance. Additionally, explored the moderating effect of teachers’ self-efficacy. This study employed a quantitative research design and used a survey approach. Data was collected from 284 teachers working in the public –sector primary, middle and secondary schools. IBM SPSS and SmartPLS 3.0 were used to analyze the data. Findings indicated that information overload has a negative direct effect on teachers’ job performance. Further, information overload has a positive and significant impact on role stress that decreases job performance. Moreover, the mediator ‘role ambiguity’ has significantly mediated the effect of information overload on the job performance. However, the impact of information overload was not passing through the mediator role conflict. Self-efficacy has a moderating effect on the relationship between information overload, role stress, and job performance. Additionally, this study has also discussed theoretical and practical implications.
Analysis of axisymmetric deformation in generalized micropolar thermoelasticity within the framework of Moore-Gibson-Thompson heat equation incorporating non-local and hyperbolic two-temperature effect
Authors: Kumar Rajneesh , Kaushal Sachin , Kochar Arun
Published: March 2024

An axisymmetric problem in micropolar thermoelastic model based on the Moore-Gibson-Thompson heat equation (MGT) under non-local and hyperbolic two-temperature (HTT) is explored due to mechanical loading. After transforming the system of equations into dimensionless form and employing potential functions, a new set of governing equations are solved using Laplace and Hankel transforms. A specific set of restrictions are applied on the boundary in the form of ring load and disk load for examining the significance of the problem. The transformed form of components of displacement, stresses, tangential couple stress, conductive temperature, and thermodynamic temperature are obtained. A numerical inversion technique is applied to recover the physical quantities in the original domain. The graphic representation of numerical findings for stress components, tangential couple stress, and conductive temperature reveals the impact of non-local and HTT parameters. Certain cases of interest are drawn out. Physical views presented in the article may be useful for the composition of new materials, geophysics, earthquake engineering, and other scientific disciplines.
Reliability Analysis of Highway Network Travel Time Based on Information Entropy Model and Electronic Toll Collection Data
Authors: Li Linwei , Jin Yinli , Gao Peng , Wang Lairan , Liu Libing
Published: March 2024

Travel time reliability (TTR) holds significant importance as an evaluation index in the transportation industry. To simplify TTR calculations at the network level in engineering applications, this paper re-examines the highway network from the perspective of system theory, regards it as a road network system consisting of multiple subsystems, and proposes a framework for calculating the TTR of the highway network based on the information entropy model. The information entropy model is employed to quantify the level of disorder within the temporal distribution, thereby substituting the need for fitting or deducing the distribution function as practiced in conventional methodologies. The design of roadway indicators considers the social attributes of the transportation network, making reliability not solely dependent on temporal data. For the case study, we used data from the electronic toll collection gantry system on the Xi’an bypass highway. The results indicate that the TTR of the inner ring within the ring network is significantly higher than that of the outer ring. Furthermore, the reliability of the network is lower than that of any sub-section, during both peak and off-peak hours. The applicability of the proposed computational framework is demonstrated and the nature of the results is explored in comparisons with traditional metrics and time prediction attempts. The approach to the TTR evaluation problem from a novel perspective presented in this research omits the procedure of fitting the time distribution function and avoids being affected by its heterogeneity, making TTR calculation and extension more efficient and convenient.
Labor Intensification and Value Production
Authors: Rieu Dong-Min
Published: March 2024

This article serves as a commentary on Basu, Haas, and Moraitis’s (BHM’s) analysis of labor intensification. While endorsing the ramifications of BHM’s differentiation between labor’s capacity to process inputs into output per unit of time and labor’s capacity to create value per unit of time, I augment the discourse by introducing two supplementary considerations. First, it is erroneous to directly extrapolate the outcomes of the one-sector model to those of the n-sector model. Second, the impact of labor intensification can be scrutinized through an alternative lens by relaxing the ceteris paribus assumption.

JEL Classification: B14, B51, C02
The importance of immigrants on American intervention in international crises
Authors: Kustra Tyler , James Patrick
Published: March 2024

Immigrants have a substantial impact on US foreign policy: doubling the proportion of the American voters who were born in a country yields a 4% increase in the probability that the United States will intervene in a crisis involving that country. This result is significant at the 1% level. Moreover, the immigrants’ level of education and income do not affect this result. Apart from unemployment and real gross domestic product growth, other quantifiable domestic and international variables, from presidential approval to trade dependency and defense pacts, do not have a statistically significant impact on American intervention.
Housing Perceptions and Code Enforcement: An Assessment of Demolition Orders Using Street View Imagery and Machine Intelligence
Authors: López Ochoa Esteban A. , Zhai Wei
Published: March 2024

The rapid growth of U.S. Sunbelt cities has intensified urban development pressures. Low-income housing demolitions are a result of such pressures as they are “low hanging fruit” for urban renewal, which can be further intensified by housing quality perceptions. By combining deep learning on Street View images (STV) with machine learning, we provide a model that accurately predicts demolition orders and allows assessing the heterogeneity of these predictions depending on the evaluator’s perceptions. Based on fast-growing San Antonio (TX) data, our results show that automated models can be useful to assess human perception biases of code enforcers.
Consanguineous Marriages and the Perception of Wife-Beating Justification in Pakistan: An Application of Fairlie Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Malik Muhammad Irfan , Nadeem Muhammad , Waheed Abdul
Published: March 2024

Pakistan has a significant occurrence of both consanguineous marriages and intimate partner violence (IPV), which may be interlinked. The practice of consanguineous marriages could potentially influence women to rationalize and accept instances of IPV. Such attitudes perpetuate a culture of violence against women, creating difficulties for victims to reject or escape from it. Pakistan has high prevalence rate of consanguineous marriages and IPV. However, no research has been done to explain the difference in acceptance of IPV between women in consanguineous and non-consanguineous marriages. This study used Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey data and applied association tests, logistic regression, and the Fairlie decomposition analysis. The Fairlie decomposition helps us identify the relative contribution of different socioeconomic factors in the inequalities in IPV between the two types of marriages. Five dimensions of wife-beating justification are used as outcome variables. Age, education, and empowerment of women, husband education, woman witness parental violence, region, place of residence, and household wealth status are used as independent variables. The logistic regression results indicated that women in consanguineous marriages of younger age and who witnessed parental violence are more likely to justify wife-beating than those who belong to wealthy households and enjoy more empowerment. Compared to the Punjab province, women residing in Sindh and Baluchistan are less likely and in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province are more likely to justify wife-beating. The Fairlie decomposition analysis shows that household wealth status, woman education, and empowerment are the main contributors in explaining the gap between the wife-beating justification of the two groups. The IPV gap can be reduced up to 77% if the distribution of women in different wealth quantiles of the consanguineous marriage group is identical to the non-consanguineous marriage group. Furthermore, woman education level is the second highest contributor. Consanguineous marriages are a prevalent cultural practice in Pakistan and are associated with several negative health and social outcomes. Addressing this issue requires a sustained and comprehensive effort by the government, civil society, and international partners, with a particular focus on women from poor households with less education.
In-vitro external fixation pin-site model proof of concept: A novel approach to studying wound healing in transcutaneous implants
Authors: McCall Blake , Rana Karan , Sugden Kate , Junaid Sarah
Published: March 2024

External fixation is an essential surgical technique for treating trauma, limb lengthening and deformity correction, however infection is common, with infection rates ranging from 4.5 to 100% of cases. Throughout the literature researchers and clinicians have highlighted a relationship between excessive movement of the pin and skin and an increase in the patient’s risk of infection, however, currently no studies have addressed this role of pin-movement on pin-site wounds. This preliminary study describes a novel in vitro pin-site model, developed using a full-thickness human skin equivalent (HSE) model in conjunction with a bespoke mechanical system which simulates pin-movement. The effect of pin-movement on the wound healing response of the skin equivalents was assessed by measuring the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Six human skin equivalent models were divided into three test groups: no pin as the control, static pin-site wound and dynamic pin-site wound ( n = 3). On day 3 concentrations of IL-1α and IL-8 showed a significant increase compared to the control when a static fixation pin was implanted into the skin equivalent ( p < 0.05) and ( p < 0.005) respectively. Levels of IL-1α and IL-8 increased further in the dynamic sample compared to the static sample ( p < 0.05) and ( p < 0.0005). This study demonstrates for the first time the application of HSE model to study external-fixation pin-movement in vitro. The results of this study demonstrated pin-movement has a negative effect on soft-tissue wound-healing, supporting the anecdotal evidence reported in the literature, however further analysis of wound heading would be required to verify this hypothesis.
Challenges Posed During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Special Education Teachers
Authors: Yell Mitchell L. , Katsiyannis Antonis
Published: March 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic affected the ways in which school districts provide educational services to all students, especially students with disabilities. Eligible U.S. students with disabilities have a right to a free, appropriate public education (FAPE) under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), and students with disabilities who are not eligible under the IDEA may also have a right to receive a FAPE under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. School personnel need to attend to both of these important federal laws when providing educational services. Shortly after the pandemic began, the U.S. Department of Education, through the Office of Civil Rights and the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services, issued guidance to school districts making it clear that despite school closures, school district personnel had to continue providing FAPE under the IDEA and Section 504. Following the return to school, the Office of Civil Rights investigated the Los Angeles Unified School District in California and the Fairfax County Schools for discriminating against students with disabilities by failing to provide educational services during the pandemic. In this article, we briefly review the guidance from the U.S. Department of Education and discuss important implications for teachers of students with disabilities.