bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METAGENOMICS (16S AMPLICON SEQUENCING) AND DGGE ANALYSIS OF BACTERIAL DIVERSITY OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE
Authors: Yaman Belma Nural , Mutlu Mehmet Burçin , Çelik Pınar Aytar , Çabuk Ahmet
Published: June 2020

Acid mine drainages (AMDs) are characterized as low pH water containing metal, which is the best-known habitat for the microorganisms described as acidophiles. Most of these members do not survive above pH 4.0; therefore they are acidophilic. Because of these metabolic properties of acidophilic microorganisms, AMD is accepted as a model system in biogeochemical studies on iron and sulfur cycles for the analysis of microbial ecology.

In this study, microbial diversity of the acid mine drainage in Çan (Çanakkale) was investigated by using culture-independent techniques including Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and high-throughput sequencing.

A total of 105,593,810 and 115,689,952 bases read were performed. Following sequencing, raw data were proceeded in “Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology” (QIIME 1.9.1). Acidiphilium, Acidocella and Acidosoma were genus obtained by bioinformatic analysis. The highest rate belonged to Acidiphilium for each water sample. Acidiphilium cryptum, Acidithiobacillus sp. and Acidibacter ferrireducens were determined according to DGGE analysis.
GENOMIC FINGERPRINTS OF ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L. NATURAL GERMPLASM AS REVEALED BY iPBS MARKERS
Authors: Montero-Torres Julio , Zamiešková Lucia , Pozzo Tania , Fernández Eloy , Romero-Ortega Sandra , Bezáková Jana , Žiarovská Jana
Published: June 2020

Arachis hypogaea, L. is an oil seed crop with a worldwide importance and the seeds are eaten at one of several stages from immature to fully ripe, raw, or cooked. The aim of the study was to analyze specific iPBS fingerprints of twenty-one accessions of peanut that were collected in the places of their natural occurrence in Bolivia and describe the existing genetic polymorphism. For genomic imprinting, three different iPBS markers were chosen - 1882, 2079, 2274 and a PCR reactions were performed. Obtained iPBS fingerprints were evaluated for the presence/absence of individual amplified loci and scored in 1/0 matrices. A Jaccard coefficient of genetic similarity was applied in UPGMA analysis for dendrogram construction. Polymorphism level was achieved in the range from 48% up to the 75% per primer. None of the iPBS markers used in the study was considered to distinguish all of the analyzed peanut accessions, but combining them in the final analysis, the level of genomic polymorphism was sufficient to clear separating of iPBS fingerprints of the collected accessions and unique iPBS loci were recorded in genomes of some of them. We found that, by selecting the appropriate iPBS markers, it is possible to characterize the peanut genome in the individual level with a specific fingerprint.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL SUBSTANCE WITH ANTIBIOFILM ACTIVITY FROM Pediococcus acidilactici
Authors: Sharma Garima , Gupta Haney , Dang Shweta , Gupta Sanjay , Gabrani Reema
Published: June 2020

Objective: The aim of the current study was to isolate and identify the strain having broad spectrum antibacterial and antibiofilm activity and characterize its antimicrobial substance.

Methods: Lactic acid bacteria isolated from the raw milk of Indian goat species Babri and Sirohi (Capra aegagrus hircus) were screened for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococccus luteus, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli. The selected strains were also analysed for anti-biofilm activity on S. epidermidis. The potential bacterial strain was characterized at molecular level by 16S rDNA sequencing. The antimicrobial substance produced by P. acidilactici was precipitated by 90% ammonium sulphate and subsequently ultra filtered. It was analysed for size, stability under various pH, temperature, chemicals and enzymatic conditions. Its mechanism of killing was determined by ML35p assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results: The 16S rDNA sequence of the potential isolate, possessing broad spectrum antibacterial activity and antibiofilm activity against S. epidermidis, was deposited to Genbank under accession no. KP671843 and was identified as Pediococcus acidilactici. The partially purified bacteriocin ran at approximately 3500 Da on tris- tricine SDS-PAGE and showed antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis by In-gel assay. Partially purified bacteriocin was stable at wide pH and high temperature and also to the treatment of lipase, amylase, catalase and various detergents/organic solvents. However, it was sensitive to proteolytic enzymes indicating its proteinaceous nature. Results of membrane permeability assay revealed that the bacteriocin targets bacterial cell membrane as its bactericidal action.

Conclusion: The bacteriocin from P. acidilactici has the potential to be used as broad spectrum antibacterial and antibiofilm agent.
CLONING, EXPRESSION AND T CELL EPITOPE PREDICTION OF FBPA AND FBPB GENES OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS CLINICAL ISOLATES
Authors: Mr. Fihiruddin , Artama Wayan Tunas , Wibawa Tri , Mertaniasih Ni Made
Published: June 2020

The effective treatment and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) are not established yet. The Bacillus Chalmette-Guerin vaccine did not provide significant results in the prevention of TB and had only 0-80% efficacy. The fbpA and fbpB genes of M. tuberculosis are antigenic proteins and considered to be virulence factors. They are capable of stimulating immune responses in TB patients. In this study, we observed cloning, expression and T-cell epitope prediction of fbpA and fbpB genes from clinical isolates. The isolates of MultiDrug-Resistant (MDR-TB) were cultured and extracted. The fresh Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) products of the fbpA and fbpB genes were inserted into pET SUMO plasmids and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), then expressed in LB medium induced by 1.0 μM of IPTG. Sample sequences were analyzed by ClustalW and NCBI BLAST programs. The T-cell epitope prediction was analyzed by GENETYX vers 8.0. The PCR results were 1071 bp (fbpA gene) and 978 bp (fbpB gene). The SDS-PAGE and Western blotting weighed 48-kDa (fbpA gene) and 46-kDa (fbpB gene). We obtained seven specific T-cell epitopes based on IAd Pattern Position on both genes. Based on Rothbard/Taylor Pattern Position, we discovered twenty-three and sixteen specific T-cell epitopes for fbpA and fbpB genes, respectively. The fbpA and fbpB genes that encode Ag85A and Ag85B proteins have epitopes that are recognized by lymphocyte T-cells and are potentially subunit TB vaccine candidates in the future.
Intercloud Resource Discovery: A Future Perspective using Blockchain Technology
Authors:   Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jammu-181122, India, Sharma Mekhla , Gupta Ankur ,   Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jammu-181122, India
Published: June 2020

Intercloud is a single logical entity orchestrating resources from different individual clouds providing on-demand resource provisioning in a seamless manner. However, achieving efficient resource discovery in the intercloud environment remains a challenging task owing to the heterogeneity of resources and diversity of cloud platforms. The paper briefs about intercloud resource discovery, outlines the current work done using existing approaches and examines the challenges involved. Finally, the paper explains the concept of blockchain and presents an innovative conceptual model for efficient resource discovery in intercloud.
Transfer sequences involving persons with dementia
Authors: Kristiansen Elisabeth Dalby , Andersen Elisabeth Muth , Rasmussen Gitte
Published: June 2020

This article analyzes a series of sequences taking place in the common room of a Danish dementia care unit in which food or drink is given to a resident with dementia. Giving something to a resident, such as food or drink, constitutes a recurring common activity for care staff and residents and thus also provides an opportunity for talk between the resident with dementia and the care staff. However, in many cases, rather than engaging residents in talk in connection with e.g. offering of food or drink, care staff resorts to so-called ‘care speak’ (Ward, Vass, Aggarwal, Garfield, and Cybyk, 2008), i.e. neither requiring nor eliciting input from residents when accomplishing the transfer of food or drink to the resident. This article aims to show in what ways the transferrers’ interactional methods influence the opportunities for participation for the resident. The analyses show first that sequences without a preceding offer sequence are accompanied by a verbal narration of the transfer of the object during the transferring action itself, thus presuming compliance from the recipient. Second, they show that sequences in which the transfer of the object is preceded by offer sequences seek the recipient's acceptance before carrying out the transfer. Thereby, transfer sequences preceded by offer sequences provide participants with sequential opportunities for willingly engaging in an upcoming activity as an individual with the capacity of making choices while transfer sequences without offer sequences do not. However, as we show, the organization of transfer sequences depends not only on verbal contributions but also on participants’ embodied conduct.
New Data on the Role of Madzhar in Golden Horde Trade of Skin and Leather Products: Archeozoological Aspect
Authors: Yavorskaya Liliya
Published: June 2020

Documentary sources on Italian sea trade of the 13th – 14th centuries report about the export of large volumes of animal skins and processed leathers from the Golden Horde. A significant problem was the finding out places of slaughtering livestock and processing raw materials of animal origin by archaeological methods, since organic remains are not preserved in the cultural layers of settlements and cities of the Golden Horde. The article analyzes three collections of animal bones from archaeological excavations in the craftsmen’s quarter of the Golden Horde city of Madzhar during 2014–2017. In the 2014 year’s collection at excavation site no. X (10), where the master of bone carving lived, a fact of special selection of goat and ram horns for products being manufactured of their horn covers was identified, aside from production wastes of a dense horn. In pit no. 2 (2016), an archaeozoological research has revealed a specific anatomical set of domestic ungulates remains: shattered heads and distal parts of the legs, which can be formed only as a result of massive slaughter of livestock to obtain skins. At excavation site no. XIII of 2017, archaeozoological research was able to record not only a specific anatomical set, but also traces of the use of small cattle bones in leather processing devices, which, combined with the archaeological context, made it possible to identify the presence of a specialized seasonal leather workshop on this site. It was established that cattle was slaughtered right in the cities, as well as artisans processed the obtained skins on specially equipped seasonal workshop sites. Thus, archaeozoological research showed that Madzhar, like other cities, participated in the production of animal skins and leather, which subsequently became the most important export products of the Golden Horde state.
Pedoarcheological Research of the Zhayyk-1 Kurgan
Authors: Eltsov Maxim
Published: June 2020

The article reveals the results of pedoarchaeological research of the Zhayyk-kurgan. The research is based on the pedoarchaeological method in the study of historical monuments as a part of natural. The essence of this method is a joint study of modern soils and ancient paleosols of different age archaeological monuments. The obtained data allowed us to clarify the construction features of the archaeological monument’s ground mound, as well as to suggest the time of its building. Natural conditions in this period (probably 5th century BC) were generally similar to modern ones, the area was dominated by steppe landscapes with dark chestnut soils. The сentral part of the kurgan was built of soil blocks, which are cut out upper humus horizons of the soil in their natural composition. The inner mound of the monument is surrounded by a circular moat about 80 cm deep. In the сentral part of the mound, there are traces of burning in the form of burnt and melted blocks, pieces of soil colored brick and dark pink, charred fragments of wood. The internal structure made of blocks is covered with an embankment of yellow-gray loose humus loam, which is a layer of soil lying under the humus horizon in the areas of building blocks preparation, and this material also fills the ring moat. The embankment that overlaps the primary structure, in turn, is covered with a massive gray-brown top-up that forms the appearance of the monument. It is possible to point out three stages of the kurgan construction: the moment of building a block structure with a ring moat; the stage of building the first mound, and then covering the entire structure with the mound of the last burial.
Barrow 11 of the “Garden” Group in the Lower Dniester Region and Contemporary “Mythmaking” About Scythian “Amazons”
Authors: Sinika Vitalij , Lysenko Sergey , Razumov Sergey , Telnov Nikolaj , Łukasik Sylwia
Published: June 2020

The article publishes and analyzes materials obtained during the study of the Scythian barrow 11 of the “Garden” group excavated in 2018 near village Glinoe, Slobodzeya district, on the left bank of the Lower Dniester, for the first time.The barrow was surrounded by a circular ditch and contained four burials – one infant and three female. The tools from the barrow are represented by knives, spindle-whorls, needle. The only piece of tableware was found and it was a wooden bowl. The adornments (a pair of earrings, two bead necklaces, one bead bracelet, two “elbow bracelets”) were also discovered. Earrings with conical bulges on one of the endings testify to the Thracian influence on the material culture of the Scythians of the North-West Black Sea region. All female graves contained mirrors. Two of them are identical, and both were laid under the body of the buried. One of the mirrors has handle aforethoughtly broken in antiquity. The cult objects are a pendant made of a dog’s tooth and a stone slab, the arrowheads are the only weapons. The barrow dates back to the second half (preferably the third quarter) of the 4th century BC. Finding a quiver set in the grave 4 of barrow 11 of Glinoe/”Garden” group made the authors to analyze the burials of the so-called Scythian “amazons” of the North Black Sea region. It turned out that many of them were attributed with flagrant violations of scientific methods as burials of women-warriors, which is nothing more than modern “myth-making”. As a result, the authors claim that an open-minded analysis allows us to distinguish three groups of Scythian burials with weapons: 1) containing weapons, placement of which reflects certain “ethnographic” features of the rite or the special status of buried; 2) containing arrowheads that may indicate hunting; 3) the burials of warriors with diverse and numerous weapons.
Cellulosolitic Microorganisms Activity as an Indicator of Details Funeral Ceremony
Authors: Plekhanova Liudmila , Kashirskaya Natalya , Syrovatko Alexander
Published: June 2020

The article describes the results and the methodology for determining the initial presence of wares containing cellulose in the Vyatichi funeral ceremony in the Middle Ages in the natural zone of the southern taiga, Moscow region. Cellulose is a high molecular weight polymer. Cellulose (in other words – fiber) contains up to half of all the organic carbon of the biosphere, therefore, the prevalence of various microorganisms utilizing cellulose is quite high. In addition, the prevalence of this trophic group of microorganisms significantly complicates the diagnosis in archaeological contexts, since it’s necessary to understand the total number of these microorganisms on different depths in certain soil types and certain climatic zones. To overcome this difficulty, we conducted a two-month experiment to determine the rates of decomposition of the added cellulose substrate by soils from the adjacent structures of cremated burials using method, providing results comparable with published data. For the first time, there was made an attempt to identify soils of cremated burials with an increased content of cellulose, by analogy to microbiological methods of identifying keratin-containing substrates of ancient burials. The presence of cellulolytic microorganisms was identified by counting of colony forming units after planting on a solid nutrient environment – soil agar enriched in carboxymethyl cellulose. The object of the experiments was soil samples from medieval burials with cremations. Comparisons were made with the background soil of the same age as cremations (XII century), which have been developing according to the zonal type on the kurgan mound nearby to cremated burials. Three sites with maxima activity were revealed, according to the archaeological context. The article continues the cycle of experimental planting of trophic groups of microorganisms for the purpose of indicating substances that entered the soil at different periods of time, from antiquity to the Middle Ages, and have been utilized by microorganisms up to nowadays.
Faculty Mentorship Programs in Orthopaedic Surgery Departments in the United States
Authors: Melvin Patricia , Trojan Jeffrey , Sobel Andrew , Mulcahey Mary K.
Published: June 2020

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Object:Mentorship of junior faculty has been considered an important factor in having a productive and satisfying career in various fields of academic medicine; however, there is a lack of research investigating faculty mentoring in orthopaedic surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of orthopaedic surgery departments in the United States that have faculty mentorship programs.Methods: A multiple-choice online survey about the presence and characterization of faculty mentorship programs was sent to the 164 department chairs of ACGME-accredited orthopaedic surgery residency programs in the United States in July 2017. Survey results were collected and statistically analyzed using 1-sample χ2 test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and Fisher exact tests.Results:Fifty-seven of 159 successfully contacted orthopaedic department chairs completed the survey, yielding a 36% response rate. Twenty-nine of 57 (51%) chairs reported having a faculty mentorship program, of which 62% were formalized. The most cited reason for a department not to have a faculty mentorship program was lack of time (89%).Conclusion:Based on these findings, approximately 50% of ACGME-accredited orthopaedic surgery departments have some form of faculty mentorship. More studies are needed to clarify the state of faculty mentorship in orthopaedics and its potential effects.
Soviet Military Strategy in Afghanistan: Errors in Planning and Public Condemnation
Authors: Khristoforov Vasily , Guseva Yulia
Published: June 2020

Referring to archival materials and historiography, the authors of this article examine the circumstances behind the development of principles regulating the presence of a limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan (1979–1989), its nature, and scope. It is concluded that Soviet military strategy in Afghanistan initially set itself limited goals and assumed limited obligations. It also used a narrow set of expert assessments, mainly those that fitted into the usual picture of a “cold” confrontation and the established paternalistic model of interaction with countries in the zone of the USSR’s ideological and political influence. The study shows that the Soviet state machine was largely focused on solving geopolitical problems, and the militarist directions of defence and law enforcement agencies and provided society with very limited information. The long-term consequences of the Afghanistan policy (especially internal and economic) at the time of the decision to send troops were practically not calculated, since the initial strategy was aimed at appeasing Afghanistan with the help of limited forces without active military operations. The contradictions between the geopolitical thinking of the Soviet leadership and the peculiarities of the Afghanistan military campaign, which did not fit into the expected strategy of full-scale military operations but at the same time immediately went beyond the “limited” impact, gives contemporaries a reason to deny the victory or defeat of the Soviet troops, but does not give them an opportunity to doubt the reality of hostilities and their negative impact on the relationship between the Soviet state and society.
Patriotic Interpretation in the Retrospective Assessment of the War in Afghanistan
Authors: Safranchuk Ivan , Kazantsev Andrey , Makhmudov Rustam
Published: June 2020

This article refers to memoirs of high-ranking participants and witnesses of the war in Afghanistan (1979–1989) published in the 1990s: it singles out two departmental interpretations of the war by military and intelligence veterans and examines their influence on the study of the history of the war. The article takes an unprecedented look at important transformation in interpretations at the turn of the century. The authors provide a holistic picture which they define as a patriotic perspective and describe its elements. Also, the article demonstrates the main peculiarity of its formation and support, i. e. the use of interpretations of current international events to justify a positive assessment of the war in Afghanistan. The authors conclude that the formation of the patriotic perspective diminished the objectivity of knowledge about the war in Afghanistan and is probably going to further impede access to it. Together with this, the patriotic perspective has made it possible for the war veterans to complete their withdrawal from the war as they have given up disputes about the character of the war which endured from its start.
Activities of Non-Governmental Organisations Aimed at Conflict Settlement in Post-Soviet States
Authors: Nikitin Alexander , Bolgova Irina , Nikitina Yulia
Published: June 2020

This article analyses the peace-making activities of Soviet/Russian nongovernmental public organisations (NGOs) with reference to the Federation for Peace and Conciliation, the successor of the Soviet Peace Committee. NGOs were formed at the initiative of the state and party organs of the Soviet system but were transformed into independent NGOs after the collapse of the USSR with their own active strategy of assistance in conflict resolution. This study is based upon unique archive materials and the personal experience of one of the authors, who used to work for such organisations. The study focuses on the ethnopolitical conflicts which took place between the collapse of the USSR and the mid‑1990s. There is a widespread opinion in academic literature that so-called non-governmental organisations set up by the government do not have their own identity, especially during social crises, and passively follow the government’s political line. However, the study of their activities demonstrates that during the first years after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, these organisations initiated a significant number of practical and political projects with the participation of high-ranked representatives of the governments, parliaments, and political parties of both post-Soviet and foreign states and international organisations, including the UN, OSCE, NATO, CIS, etc. This, in turn, played a role as a substantial supplement to classical interstate diplomacy and practically promoted the settlement of certain ethnopolitical conflicts. The archive materials analysed prove that in the early post-Soviet period, a certain inversion in the direction of political and ideological impulses took place, and a number of non-governmental organisations that used to transmit the interests of the Communist Party and state organs to the international environment were able to create new international projects and consultations in the form of “track one-and-a-half” diplomacy, i. e. the informal interaction of officials in the capacity of unofficial experts. And in such cases, it was NGOs which shaped the agenda and transmitted public interests to the state structures of Russia and the CIS states, mediating between fighting sides and amongst representatives of various states, practically assisting the settlement of ethnopolitical conflicts.
The Architect and the Revolution: Architectural Life in Russia in Times of Change
Authors: Pechenkin Ilya , Starostenko Yulia , Vyazemtseva Anna
Published: June 2020

When describing the history of twentieth-century Russian architecture, it is common to separate (and even oppose) the pre-revolutionary decades and the early Soviet period of the 1920s. Thus, the revolutionary months of 1917 proper have been completely overlooked by researchers as unworthy and capable of shaking the existing historiographical model. Such an approach, dictated by ideological considerations, is no longer justified today and requires revision. The study of periodicals of the second half of the 1910s and archival materials, a great number of which have not been introduced into academic circulation, convince us that the years of the First World War and the revolution were marked by significant changes in the minds of architects. Many things which had previously seemed fundamental for the collective identity of architects became subject to problematisation, and aesthetic categories were replaced by political criteria in the professional press. The architectural process started to be described by its participants in terms of struggle, while the self-identification of members of the architectural corporation lay between the search for survival tactics and taking part in the transformation of the country’s inner life. The novelty of the data presented in this article is due to the virtual absence of special studies devoted to this extremely important period in twentieth-century Russian architectural history.
Sabit Mukanov’s Poem about the Chelyuskintsy: An Original without a Translation and a Translation without an Author
Authors: Kozitskaia Yulia
Published: June 2020

This article considers the topic of Soviet heroism as reflected in The Polar Bear (Rus. «Белый медведь») by the Kazakh poet Sabit Mukanov, a poem dedicated to the rescue of SS Chelyuskin wreck survivors. The poem came second in a competition of works about Chelyuskintsy held in 1934. After the competition results were announced, a Russian translation of the poem by Pavel Vyacheslavov was released. Of all the works presented at the competition, only the translation of Mukanov’s poem was published in the central press: excerpts appeared in the Novy Mir and 30 Dney magazines. The fact that a work by a representative of a national minority was published in Moscow magazines demonstrates the significance of the text for the entirety of Soviet discourse. This article discusses the translation features of the excerpt published in Novy Mir and analyses the structure of the original text. In addition to the obligatory components of Stalinist social realism, such as the glorification of Stalin and the heroism of the Soviet man, the poem contains elements that mark it as a text from a different cultural tradition, i. e. specific similes and Kazakh proverbs and sayings. The poem contains references to the works of Pushkin, Heine, and the Kazakh classic Abai Qunanbaiuly. Mukanov uses these references to demonstrate that he is familiar with the literary canon and is learning from the literary classics. Based on an analysis of the text, it can be concluded that it is the Moscow Kremlin, not the polar ice floe, which is at the centre of the rescue operation. Thus, the key topic of the poem is not the rescue of the Chelyuskintsy, but the glorification of the Soviet system under Stalin. An examination of differences between the original text and the translation makes it possible to understand what was directed at the Kazakh-speaking reader in the text – and therefore what disappeared in the translation. The Kazakh text contains many clarifying footnotes, including explanations of words by means of synonyms. It may be presumed that by incorporating new Soviet words into the Kazakh language, Mukanov acts as a transmitter of imperial ideology.
This Is My World: A Submariner’s Battlefield Diary
Authors: Postnikova Yekaterina , Volkova Viktoriya
Published: June 2020

Battlefield diaries written by simple soldiers and seamen are unique, rare, and practically uncensored sources of war anthropology. The authors combine the comparative historical method of literary criticism with source analysis, which enables them to consider the Great Patriotic War from the point of view of personal history and reveal the peculiarities of wartime ego-documents. The authors refer to the battlefield diary of G. I. Sennikov, a submariner of the Northern Fleet, written between 1943 and 1946. The diary combines the genres of a diary and an ego-document. The peculiarity of the text is the fact that it combines the functions of a battlefield diary (keeping the author’s memories, having a therapeutic effect, etc.) and those of the individualisation process which helps the author to construct and preserve their own personality (self-identification, self-expression, philosophical, analytical, and vicarious functions, etc.) in the extreme conditions of war (from Murmansk between 1943 and 1944 to Crimea between 1944 and 1946). The autobiographic narrative bears the typical features of a diary, reflecting the development of a young Red Army sailor, i. e. severe selfcriticism, the “other” individuality which the author painfully becomes aware of, a frank and quite often uncomplimentary analysis of situations related to sexual relations. Additionally, the diary reflects the crucial stages in the sailor’s personal growth. The author of the diary builds a world of his own and works out his own ethical code; also, he creates a life plan and sets goals for himself.
Mass Political Culture and the “National Discussion” of the Stalin Constitution in the Concept of Olga Velikanova
Authors: Shmatov Mikhail
Published: June 2020

This review analyses a monograph by O. Velikanova, an American historian of Russian descent. The work focuses on the interaction of the Bolshevik authorities with the USSR’s population during the most large-scale political campaign of the early Soviet era, the “national discussion” of the draft version of the Stalin Constitution in the second half of 1936. Special attention is paid to the author’s method with various sources: from official legislation to classified document management, including several previously unpublished documents. The author aims to theoretically substantiate the existence of the phenomenon of mass political culture in the Soviet reality of the 1930s at the individual and group levels. Additionally, the author provides arguments illustrating the need to study the social perception of power practices during the mobilisation campaign by the civilian population and confirms the effectiveness of the results. Attention should be paid to the author’s justification of the point of view about the early date (1933) of the start of the constitutional reform in the USSR. The author proves the thesis about the large-scale social conditions that arose as a result of the extreme events of the early 1930s. Velikanova explains the goals of the reform of the USSR constitution in the context of domestic and international realities of the mid‑1930s and the relations of the supreme leadership of the Soviet Union with regional functionaries and mass groups of the population. The author’s attention focuses on the causes and forms of perception of the campaign and the discourses in relation to the draft version of the Stalin Constitution. Velikanova analyses and explains both loyalist (conformist) and liberal (both conformist and protest) discourses, and the insufficiently studied positions of the part of the population which supported the reinforcement of the repressive antidemocratic policy of the authorities, concluding that the spread and influence of protective tendencies in society were sufficiently strong. The reviewer appreciates the author’s contribution in the form of a detailed consideration of mass sources, although the method of working with them could be a subject for discussion. Finally, it is emphasised that, beyond any doubt, the author’s position and conclusions are valuable for further interdisciplinary studies of the nature and evolution of Stalinism in the USSR.
Preferences Single-Peaked on a Circle
Authors: Peters Dominik , Lackner Martin
Published: June 2020

We introduce the domain of preferences that are single-peaked on a circle, which is a generalization of the well-studied single-peaked domain. This preference restriction is useful, e.g., for scheduling decisions, certain facility location problems, and for one-dimensional decisions in the presence of extremist preferences. We give a fast recognition algorithm of this domain, provide a characterisation by finitely many forbidden subprofiles, and show that many popular single- and multi-winner voting rules are polynomial-time computable on this domain. In particular, we prove that Proportional Approval Voting can be computed in polynomial time for profiles that are single-peaked on a circle. In contrast, Kemeny's rule remains hard to evaluate, and several impossibility results from social choice theory can be proved using only profiles in this domain.
Kur’ân’da Rics Kavramı
Authors: DÜNDAR Bahar Canset , AYDAR Hidayet
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, Kur’ân’da muhtelif bağlamlarda farklı anlam örgüleri içinde kullanılan

“rics” kavramı üzerinde durulmaktadır. Sözlüklerde rics; pis, pislik, kötü iş, işkence,

ceza, şüphe, gibi anlamları yanında ayrıca şirk, günah, azap, azaba götüren iş, öfke, vesvese

gibi manalarda da kullanılmaktadır. Kumar oynamak, alkollü içki içmek, putlara

tapmak, fal ile uğraşmak, ölü eti/leş, akmış kan ve domuz eti yemek gibi insana maddî

ve mânevî zarar vererek onun hem fıtratını bozacak hem de iki cihan saadetini engelleyecek

olan çirkin eylemler de Kur’ân’a göre “rics”tir. Kur’ân-ı Kerîm, münafıkları,

kalplerinde hastalık olanları ve kâfirleri bozuk inançları sebebiyle “rics” olarak nitelediği

gibi aşağılanmayı hak etmiş kişiler ve tiksinti uyandıran durumları da “rics” olarak tavsif

etmektedir. “Rics” kavramı; burada kullanım şekilleri, anlamları, nüzul sebepleri ve

ayetlerin muhatapları bakımından incelenmekte; barındırdığı manaları daha iyi anlamak

açısından muhtelif tasnifler altında irdelenmektedir.
The Evolution of Price Discovery in an Electronic Market
Authors: Chaboud Alain , Hjalmarsson Erik , Zikes Filip
Published: June 2020

We study the evolution of the price discovery process in the euro-dollar and dollar-yen currency pairs over a ten-year period on the EBS platform, a global trading venue used by both manual and automated traders. We find that the importance of market orders decreases sharply over that period, owing mainly to a decline in the information share from manual trading, while the information share of market orders from algorithmic and high-frequency traders remains fairly constant. At the same time, there is a substantial, but gradual, increase in the information share of limit orders. Price discovery also becomes faster, suggesting improvements in market efficiency. The results are consistent with theoretical predictions that in more efficient markets, informed traders tend to use more limit orders.
El informe de auditoría en los países del MILA
Authors: Zamarra-Londoño Julián , Pérez-Norela Daniela , Pareja-Taborda Aura
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de los informes de auditoría de las Compañías de los países pertenecientes al Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano–MILA (Colombia, Perú, Chile y México), respecto al cumplimiento de los aspectos que se deben considerar según las Normas Internacionales de Aseguramiento de la Información para el periodo 2010 a 2018. Método: investigación de carácter cualitativa, mediante análisis documental realizado a los párrafos de énfasis, de otros asuntos y de cuestiones clave. Resultados: se encontró que el cumplimiento de la norma ha sido satisfactorio, en especial en lo referente a cuestiones adicionales de información, se observa que se ha aplicado las normas, incluso antes de la obligatoriedad que se tiene para los países estudiados. Discusiones: las llamadas BIG4 son las firmas que mayor número de párrafos de énfasis, otros asuntos y cuestiones claves emiten, haciendo referencia principalmente a la adopción de normas, políticas contables y bases para la opinión. Conclusiones: las cuestiones adicionales que se revelan en el informe de auditoría podrían tener un efecto en la toma de decisiones de los usuarios ya que revela información adicional para los usuarios de la información.
Fatores etiológicos associados a lesões cervicais não cariosas: um panorama atual
Authors: Oliveira João Pedro , Barreto Thaiane Aguiar , Fontes Ceres Mendonça
Published: June 2020

Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura sobre os principais fatores etiológicos das lesões cervicais não cariosas (LCNCs), considerando seus aspectos multifatoriais e sua crescente prevalência na população. Periódicos nacionais e internacionais foram consultados nos bancos de dados (Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, Pubmed e Google Acadêmico), como também teses e livros relacionados ao tema. Artigos publicados entre 2015 e 2020 foram selecionados de acordo com os critérios de inclusão/exclusão. As LCNCs se caracterizam pela perda mineral dentária na região cervical, sem envolvimento bacteriano, variando em forma, simetria e localização. Essas lesões vêm crescendo cerca de 5 a 85%, o que destaca a importância do presente estudo. Biocorrosão, abrasão e abfração são considerados os principais fatores etiológicos, e uma queixa comum dos pacientes é a hipersensibilidade dentinária. Curiosamente, grupos de risco tem sido relacionados às LCNCs como os atletas esportivos, indivíduos pós-ortodônticos, e portadores de doenças gastroesofágicas. Desta forma, conclui-se que, o conhecimento dos fatores etiológicos é essencial para nortear um adequado diagnóstico e assim conduzir para o correto manejo terapêutico.
Percepção de pacientes oncológicos infanto-juvenis, profissionais de saúde e familiares sobre o adoecimento - revisão sistemática
Authors: Mota Íris Borges Brito , Medrado Alena Peixoto
Published: June 2020

Compreender o real significado do universo de sentimentos vivenciados pelo paciente oncológico pediátrico-juvenil torna-se um desafio para a equipe multidisciplinar em saúde. Este estudo objetivou proporcionar um melhor entendimento sobre a forma como as crianças e adolescentes com câncer compreendem a doença, o cuidado por parte dos profissionais de saúde, a convivência com a equipe hospitalar e a sua relação com os familiares envolvidos neste processo. Tratou-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura que incluiu estudos qualiquantitativos publicados entre 2014 e 2018, em inglês e português, os quais foram selecionados a partir das bases de dados PUBMED, Scielo, BDENF. Um total de 599 artigos foram encontrados, dos quais 5 foram selecionados por atenderem aos critérios de inclusão estabelecidos. Observou-se que todos os estudos foram realizados em seres humanos, contemplando 281 crianças, adolescentes, seus pais e profissionais de saúde, abordando suas percepções e experiências durante o tratamento do câncer. Constatou-se que o diagnóstico do câncer repercute de maneira diferenciada para cada paciente e via de regra, relaciona-se a sentimentos negativos, como medo, ansiedade e depressão. O maior desafio citado pelos pacientes foi a sua reintegração às atividades cotidianas. Foi relatado pelos pais e profissionais de saúde que as crianças apresentam alto grau de sofrimento, o qual é compartilhado pela família, cuidadores e profissionais de saúde. A realização deste estudo possibilitou uma melhor compreensão do cotidiano destas crianças e adolescentes, a forma como elas se relacionam com os profissionais de saúde e com sua família.
Produtividade dos laboratórios de prótese dentária do SUS no estado da Bahia
Authors: Alves Francisvânia Camilo Santos , De Souza Santos Lília Paula , Oliveira Natally Rocha , Guimarães Luíza Eloy
Published: June 2020

INTRODUÇÃO : A dificuldade no acesso aos serviços de saúde bucal e a prática odontológica mutiladora afetam um número elevado de indivíduos acometidos pelo edentulismo. Com o intuito de reverter este quadro, foi implantada a Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal e com ela o Laboratório Regional de Prótese Dentária. OBJETIVO : Descrever um estudo de prótese dentária desses laboratórios no estado da Bahia no ano de 2016. METODOLOGIA : Foi realizado em um estudo quantitativo descritivo, foram coletados dados de dados do Sistema de Informação Ambulatorial do Sistema Único de Saúde relacionado a testes de prótese dentária .As informações relacionadas à estrutura física, recursos humanos dos laboratórios e distribuição dessas regiões de saúde foram coletadas no Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde e outras informações sobre o município no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Foram realizadas uma frequência absoluta e relativa das variáveis, e a comparação de registros com as características selecionadas dos laboratórios e das regiões de saúde da Bahia. RESULTADOS : Foram analisados 51 municípios que utilizam os serviços de prótese dentária no SUS, 32 que possuem CEO. Observe um total de 46.870 próteses produzidas do tipo prótese total, removível parcial, fixa e implantada, sendo que as cidades com CEO produzem 66,49% e os 19 municípios que não possuem CEO produzem 33,51%.O tipo de prótese mais realizada foi um total de prótese (58,73%), seguido pela prótese parcial removível (40,07%). A região Sul apresentou a maior pesquisa de próteses dentárias (24,26%), enquanto a região Norte produziu a menor quantidade (2,28%). CONCLUSÃO : Embora haja uma quantidade considerável de próteses produzidas, apenas 12,2% dos municípios baianos possuem laboratório de prótese dentária, sendo uma expansão e o fortalecimento deste programa.
Model Explicit Intruction dalam Materi Kawih Sunda
Authors: Nadia Cica Zahra , Rahman Rahman
Published: June 2020

This research is motivated by the lack of students' abilities in Sundanese. The purpose of this study is to describe the ability of ngawih before and after using the Explicit Intruction model, whether or not increasing after using the Explicit Intruction model, as well as describing the difference between the ngawih ability before and after using the Explicit Intruction model. The method used in this study is a quasi-experimental method, to students of class XI KPU-2 SMK Negeri 12 Bandung by using a pre-test and post-test design. Based on the results of research conducted, the average before using the Explicit Intruction model is (30.14) which proves that students are not capable of being incompetent, while the average after using the Explicit Intruction model is (75.88) which proves students are capable of being incompetent. Based on the statistical test results the significance value (Sig.2-tailed) is (0,000 0.5) or less than 0.5. Thus, H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected. This means that there is a significant difference between the ability to appear before and after using the Explicit Instruction model. This shows that the Explicit Intruction learning model can improve the Sundanese ngawih ability of class XI KPU-2 students of SMK Negeri 12 Bandung in Academic Year 2018/2019. AbstrakPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurangnya kemampuan siswa dalam ngawih Sunda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan ngawih sebelum dan setelah menggunakan model Explicit Intruction, meningkat atau tidaknya setelah menggunakan model Explicit Intruction, serta mendeskripsikan perbedaan antara kemampuan ngawih sebelum dan setelah menggunakan model Explicit Intruction. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kuasi eksperimen, kepada siswa kelas XI KPU-2 SMK Negeri 12 Bandung dengan menggunakan desain pre-test dan post-test. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilaksanakan, rata –rata sebelum menggunakan model Explicit Intruction adalah (30,14) yang membuktikan bahwa siswa belum mampu ngawih, sedangkan rata-rata setelah menggunakan model Explicit Intruction adalah (75,88) yang membuktikan siswa mampu ngawih. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistika nilai signifikansi (Sig.2-tailed) yaitu (0,0000,5) atau kurang dari 0,5. Dengan demikian, H1 diterima serta H0 ditolak. Artinya ada perbedaan yang signifikan anatar kemampuan ngawih sebelum dan setelah menggunakan model Explicit Intruction. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa model pembelajaran Explicit Intruction dapat meningkatkan kemampuan ngawih Sunda siswa kelas XI KPU-2 SMK Negeri 12 Bandung Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019.
The Vindication of Decoloniality and the Reality of COVID-19 as an Emergency of Unknown in Rural Universities
Authors: Omodan Bunmi Isaiah
Published: June 2020

Coronavirus, otherwise known as COVID-19, was adjudged as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in February 2020. This deadly, contagious, and easy-to-spread virus has plunged the world into a tentative cul-de-sac, inclusive of the university education system. By implication, the abrupt national lockdown in South Africa cut universities unaware as an insurgence against its operationalisation, teaching, and learning process. In my argument, it further confirms the need to decolonise rural universities, to be able to respond to every unforeseen emergency, as an underside of coloniality, which is currently experienced in the system. Evidence indicates that the rural universities in South Africa are battling with enabling pedestal of alternatives to teaching and learning. This study is lensed through Transformative Paradigm (TP), Participatory Research (PR) was used as a research design. The participants consisted of 15 people, 5 management staff such as the deans, head of schools, head of teaching and learning and ICT members, 5 lecturers and 5 students in a selected rural university in South Africa. The participants were selected using the snowballing selection technique with the use of calls, email and other social media platforms as a medium of participants’ recruitment. Online and phone interviews were used to collect data from the participants because the participants are under national lockdown, and the data was analysed using thematic analysis. Low technology and innovative space in rural universities and students, lecturers and university’s disadvantage background were found as the major challenges vindicating the quest for decoloniality in rural universities. Also, the compulsory used of technological innovation within the university and contingency plan for/by the stakeholders are concluded to be achievable with the use of Assets-Based Approach.