bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A hydrogenotrophic Sulfurimonas is globally abundant in deep-sea oxygen-saturated hydrothermal plumes
Authors: Molari Massimiliano , Hassenrueck Christiane , Laso-Pérez Rafael , Wegener Gunter , Offre Pierre , Scilipoti Stefano , Boetius Antje
Published: March 2023

Members of the bacterial genus Sulfurimonas (phylum Campylobacterota) dominate microbial communities in marine redoxclines and are important for sulfur and nitrogen cycling. Here we used metagenomics and metabolic analyses to characterize a Sulfurimonas from the Gakkel Ridge in the Central Arctic Ocean and Southwest Indian Ridge, showing that this species is ubiquitous in non-buoyant hydrothermal plumes at Mid Ocean Ridges across the global ocean. One Sulfurimonas species, USulfurimonas pluma, was found to be globally abundant and active in cold (<0−4 °C), oxygen-saturated and hydrogen-rich hydrothermal plumes. Compared with other Sulfurimonas species, US. pluma has a reduced genome (>17%) and genomic signatures of an aerobic chemolithotrophic metabolism using hydrogen as an energy source, including acquisition of A2-type oxidase and loss of nitrate and nitrite reductases. The dominance and unique niche of US. pluma in hydrothermal plumes suggest an unappreciated biogeochemical role for Sulfurimonas in the deep ocean.
Elucidating dynamic anaerobe metabolism with HRMAS 13C NMR and genome-scale modeling
Authors: Pavao Aidan , Girinathan Brintha , Peltier Johann , Altamirano Silva Pamela , Dupuy Bruno , Muti Isabella H. , Malloy Craig , Cheng Leo L. , Bry Lynn
Published: March 2023

Anaerobic microbial metabolism drives critical functions within global ecosystems, host–microbiota interactions, and industrial applications, yet remains ill-defined. Here we advance a versatile approach to elaborate cellular metabolism in obligate anaerobes using the pathogen Clostridioides difficile, an amino acid and carbohydrate-fermenting Clostridia. High-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of C. difficile, grown with fermentable 13C substrates, informed dynamic flux balance analysis (dFBA) of the pathogen’s genome-scale metabolism. Analyses identified dynamic recruitment of oxidative and supporting reductive pathways, with integration of high-flux amino acid and glycolytic metabolism at alanine’s biosynthesis to support efficient energy generation, nitrogen handling and biomass generation. Model predictions informed an approach leveraging the sensitivity of 13C NMR spectroscopy to simultaneously track cellular carbon and nitrogen flow from [U-13C]glucose and [15N]leucine, confirming the formation of [13C,15N]alanine. Findings identify metabolic strategies used by C. difficile to support its rapid colonization and expansion in gut ecosystems.
Detecting type 2 diabetes mellitus cognitive impairment using whole-brain functional connectivity
Authors: Wu Jinjian , Fang Yuqi , Tan Xin , Kang Shangyu , Yue Xiaomei , Rao Yawen , Huang Haoming , Liu Mingxia , Qiu Shijun , Yap Pew-Thian
Published: March 2023

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely linked to cognitive decline and alterations in brain structure and function. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is used to diagnose neurodegenerative diseases, such as cognitive impairment (CI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD). However, whether the functional connectivity (FC) of patients with T2DM and mild cognitive impairment (T2DM-MCI) is conducive to early diagnosis remains unclear. To answer this question, we analyzed the rs-fMRI data of 37 patients with T2DM and mild cognitive impairment (T2DM-MCI), 93 patients with T2DM but no cognitive impairment (T2DM-NCI), and 69 normal controls (NC). We achieved an accuracy of 87.91% in T2DM-MCI versus T2DM-NCI classification and 80% in T2DM-NCI versus NC classification using the XGBoost model. The thalamus, angular, caudate nucleus, and paracentral lobule contributed most to the classification outcome. Our findings provide valuable knowledge to classify and predict T2DM-related CI, can help with early clinical diagnosis of T2DM-MCI, and provide a basis for future studies.
Motor unit number index (MUNIX) loss of 50% occurs in half the time of 50% functional loss according to the D50 disease progression model of ALS
Authors: Ebersbach Theresa , Roediger Annekathrin , Steinbach Robert , Appelfeller Martin , Tuemmler Anke , Stubendorff Beatrice , Axer Hubertus , Witte Otto W. , Grosskreutz Julian
Published: March 2023

Capturing disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is challenging and refinement of progression markers is urgently needed. This study introduces new motor unit number index (MUNIX), motor unit size index (MUSIX) and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) parameters called M50, MUSIX200 and CMAP50. M50 and CMAP50 indicate the time in months from symptom onset an ALS patient needs to lose 50% of MUNIX or CMAP in relation to the mean values of controls. MUSIX200 represents the time in months until doubling of the mean MUSIX of controls. We used MUNIX parameters of Musculi abductor pollicis brevis (APB), abductor digiti minimi (ADM) and tibialis anterior (TA) of 222 ALS patients. Embedded in the D50 disease progression model, disease aggressiveness and accumulation were analyzed separately. M50, CMAP50 and MUSIX200 significantly differed among disease aggressiveness subgroups (p < 0.001) regardless of disease accumulation. ALS patients with a low M50 had a significantly shorter survival compared to high M50 (median 32 versus 74 months). M50 preceded the loss of global function (median of about 14 months). M50, CMAP50 and MUSIX200 characterize the disease course in ALS in a new way and may be applied as early measures of disease progression.
Changes in Internet use patterns among older adults in England from before to after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kung Claryn S. J. , Steptoe Andrew
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about an increased reliance on the Internet for various daily activities. Given the known digital divide, it is important to understand whether older adults changed their Internet use patterns, but current evidence is limited to cross-sectional studies. This study documents changes in frequency and types of Internet use among older adults from before to shortly after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic (2018/2019 to June/July 2020), and the factors predicting regular use during these early days of the pandemic. Using data on 6,840 adults aged 50 + from the nationally representative English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, we apply longitudinal fixed-effects models to examine within-individual changes in Internet use behaviour. There was no change in the likelihood of daily Internet use between 2018/2019 and June/July 2020, despite the increased digitalisation of services over the pandemic. Daily use in June/July 2020 was negatively related to age, neighbourhood deprivation, and loneliness, and positively related to partnership status, education, employment, income, and organisation membership. Using the Internet for making calls and getting information about Government services increased, which was important given the social restrictions and overall uncertainty. However, Internet use for finding health-related information decreased. As the world moves towards digital alternatives post-pandemic, it is important to continually ensure older adults are not at risk of exclusion.
Quantum deep learning by sampling neural nets with a quantum annealer
Authors: Higham Catherine F. , Bedford Adrian
Published: March 2023

We demonstrate the feasibility of framing a classically learned deep neural network as an energy based model that can be processed on a one-step quantum annealer in order to exploit fast sampling times. We propose approaches to overcome two hurdles for high resolution image classification on a quantum processing unit (QPU): the required number and the binary nature of the model states. With this novel method we successfully transfer a pretrained convolutional neural network to the QPU. By taking advantage of the strengths of quantum annealing, we show the potential for classification speedup of at least one order of magnitude.
Decreased Paneth cell α-defensins promote fibrosis in a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined high-fat diet-induced mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via disrupting intestinal microbiota
Authors: Nakamura Shunta , Nakamura Kiminori , Yokoi Yuki , Shimizu Yu , Ohira Shuya , Hagiwara Mizu , Song Zihao , Gan Li , Aizawa Tomoyasu , Hashimoto Daigo , Teshima Takanori , Ouellette Andre J. , Ayabe Tokiyoshi
Published: March 2023

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic liver disease characterized by fibrosis that develops from fatty liver. Disruption of intestinal microbiota homeostasis, dysbiosis, is associated with fibrosis development in NASH. An antimicrobial peptide α-defensin secreted by Paneth cells in the small intestine is known to regulate composition of the intestinal microbiota. However, involvement of α-defensin in NASH remains unknown. Here, we show that in diet-induced NASH model mice, decrease of fecal α-defensin along with dysbiosis occurs before NASH onset. When α-defensin levels in the intestinal lumen are restored by intravenous administration of R-Spondin1 to induce Paneth cell regeneration or by oral administration of α-defensins, liver fibrosis is ameliorated with dissolving dysbiosis. Furthermore, R-Spondin1 and α-defensin improved liver pathologies together with different features in the intestinal microbiota. These results indicate that decreased α-defensin secretion induces liver fibrosis through dysbiosis, further suggesting Paneth cell α-defensin as a potential therapeutic target for NASH.
Carleman linearization approach for chemical kinetics integration toward quantum computation
Authors: Akiba Takaki , Morii Youhi , Maruta Kaoru
Published: March 2023

The Harrow, Hassidim, Lloyd (HHL) algorithm, known as the pioneering algorithm for solving linear equations in quantum computers, is expected to accelerate solving large-scale linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). To efficiently combine classical and quantum computers for high-cost chemical problems, non-linear ODEs (e.g., chemical reactions) must be linearized to the highest possible accuracy. However, the linearization approach has not been fully established yet. In this study, Carleman linearization was examined to transform nonlinear first-order ODEs of chemical reactions into linear ODEs. Although this linearization theoretically requires the generation of an infinite matrix, the original nonlinear equations can be reconstructed. For the practical use, the linearized system should be truncated with finite size and the extent of the truncation determines analysis precision. Matrix should be sufficiently large so that the precision is satisfied because quantum computers can treat such huge matrix. Our method was applied to a one-variable nonlinear $$\dot{y}=-{y}^{2}$$

y
˙

=
-

y

2

system to investigate the effect of truncation orders and time step sizes on the computational error. Subsequently, two zero-dimensional homogeneous ignition problems for H2–air and CH4–air gas mixtures were solved. The results revealed that the proposed method could accurately reproduce reference data. Furthermore, an increase in the truncation order improved accuracy with large time-step sizes. Thus, our approach can provide accurate numerical simulations rapidly for complex combustion systems.
Design of intelligent module design for humanoid translation robot by combining the deep learning with blockchain technology
Authors: Yang Fan , Deng Jie
Published: March 2023

To accelerate the deep application of deep learning in text data processing, an English statistical translation system is established and applied to the question answering of humanoid robot. Firstly, the model of machine translation based on recursive neural network is implemented. A crawler system is established to collect English movie subtitle data. On this basis, an English subtitle translation system is designed. Then, combined with sentence embedding technology, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm of meta-heuristic algorithm is adopted to locate the defects of translation software. A translation robot automatic question and answer interactive module is constructed. Additionally, the hybrid recommendation mechanism based on personalized learning is built using blockchain technology. Finally, the performance of translation model and software defect location model is evaluated. The results show that the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) embedding algorithm has certain effect of word clustering. RNN embedded model has a strong ability to process short sentences. The strongest translated sentences are between 11 and 39 words long, while the weakest translated sentences are between 71 and 79 words long. Therefore, the model must strengthen the processing of long sentences, especially character—level input. The average sentence length is much longer than word-level input. The model based on PSO algorithm shows good accuracy in different data sets. This model averages better performance on Tomcat, standard widget toolkits, and Java development tool datasets than other comparison methods. The average reciprocal rank and average accuracy of the weight combination of PSO algorithm are very high. Moreover, this method is greatly affected by the dimension of the word embedding model, and the 300-dimension word embedding model has the best effect. To sum up, this study proposes a good statistical translation model for humanoid robot English translation, which lays the foundation for intelligent interaction between humanoid robots.
Projection of August 2021 pumice dispersion from the Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba eruption in the western North Pacific
Authors: Chang Yu-Lin K. , McIntosh Iona M. , Miyama Toru , Miyazawa Yasumasa
Published: March 2023

Marine hazards often occur unexpectedly. Long-term (> few weeks) projections are sometimes needed to predict the potential route of drifting targets (e.g. pumice, oil, shipwreck) in order to prevent further disaster, yet reliable long-term forecast data may be unavailable. The present study examined the long-term projection of pumice dispersion originating from the 2021 submarine eruption of Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba volcano, Japan, based on hindcast reanalysis of the past 28 years of wind and ocean currents using the particle tracking method. The ensemble distribution showed a wide dispersion, which was dominated by the ocean currents. By contrast, wind provided a relatively uniform transport. Apart from the prevailing wind, typhoons also play a role in affecting pumice dispersion. The multi-year simulation provides a general view of pumice dispersion accounting for different uncertainty, which could be used for deducing the potential dispersion under different wind and ocean conditions.
Development of a patient-specific chest computed tomography imaging phantom with realistic lung lesions using silicone casting and three-dimensional printing
Authors: Hong Dayeong , Moon Sojin , Seo Joon Beom , Kim Namkug
Published: March 2023

The validation of the accuracy of the quantification software in computed tomography (CT) images is very challenging. Therefore, we proposed a CT imaging phantom that accurately represents patient-specific anatomical structures and randomly integrates various lesions including disease-like patterns and lesions of various shapes and sizes using silicone casting and three-dimensional (3D) printing. Six nodules of various shapes and sizes were randomly added to the patient’s modeled lungs to evaluate the accuracy of the quantification software. By using silicone materials, CT intensities suitable for the lesions and lung parenchyma were realized, and their Hounsfield unit (HU) values were evaluated on a CT scan of the phantom. As a result, based on the CT scan of the imaging phantom model, the measured HU values for the normal lung parenchyma, each nodule, fibrosis, and emphysematous lesions were within the target value. The measurement error between the stereolithography model and 3D-printing phantoms was 0.2 ± 0.18 mm. In conclusion, the use of 3D printing and silicone casting allowed the application and evaluation of the proposed CT imaging phantom for the validation of the accuracy of the quantification software in CT images, which could be applied to CT-based quantification and development of imaging biomarkers.
The model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum provides insights into the diversity and function of microeukaryotic DNA methyltransferases
Authors: Hoguin Antoine , Yang Feng , Groisillier Agnès , Bowler Chris , Genovesio Auguste , Ait-Mohamed Ouardia , Vieira Fabio Rocha Jimenez , Tirichine Leila
Published: March 2023

Cytosine methylation is an important epigenetic mark involved in the transcriptional control of transposable elements in mammals, plants and fungi. The Stramenopiles-Alveolate-Rhizaria (SAR) lineages are a major group of ecologically important marine microeukaryotes, including the phytoplankton groups diatoms and dinoflagellates. However, little is known about their DNA methyltransferase diversity. Here, we performed an in-silico analysis of DNA methyltransferases found in marine microeukaryotes and showed that they encode divergent DNMT3, DNMT4, DNMT5 and DNMT6 enzymes. Furthermore, we found three classes of enzymes within the DNMT5 family. Using a CRISPR/Cas9 strategy we demonstrated that the loss of the DNMT5a gene correlates with a global depletion of DNA methylation and overexpression of young transposable elements in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The study provides a view of the structure and function of a DNMT family in the SAR supergroup using an attractive model species.
Detection of honey adulteration using benchtop 1H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Rhee Yuki , Shilliday Ella R. , Matviychuk Yevgen , Nguyen Thien , Robinson Neil , Holland Daniel J. , Connolly Paul R. J. , Johns Michael L.
Published: March 2023

Benchtop NMR analysis combined with model-based fitting protocols can detect commercial honey adulteration down to 5 wt%.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Two-dimensional penta-like PdPSe with a puckered pentagonal structure: a first-principles study”’ by S. Chowdhury, F. Shojaei and B. Mortazavi, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2023, 25, DOI: 10.1039/D2CP01587K
Authors: Bafekry Asadollah , Fadlallah Mohamed M. , Faraji Mehrdad , Shafique A. , Jappor Hamad R. , Sarsari I. Abdolhoseini , Ang Yee Sin , Ghergherehchi Mitra
Published: March 2023

We respond to the recent criticism of our paper [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 9990–9997] and provide further discussion on the analysis of the PdPSe monolayer.
Research on photocatalytic CO2 conversion to renewable synthetic fuels based on localized surface plasmon resonance: current progress and future perspectives
Authors: Zhang Jinhe , Guan Bin , Wu Xingze , Chen Yujun , Guo Jiangfeng , Ma Zeren , Bao Shibo , Jiang Xing , Chen Lei , Shu Kaiyou , Dang Hongtao , Guo Zelong , Li Zekai , Huang Zhen
Published: March 2023

Due to its desirable optoelectronic properties, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) can hopefully play a promising role in photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). In this review, mechanisms and applications of LSPR effect in this field are introduced in detail.
Synthesis, characterization, andin vivoevaluation of the anticancer activity of a series of 5- and 6-(halomethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine rhenium tricarbonyl complexes
Authors: Nasiri Sovari Sara , Kolly Isabelle , Schindler Kevin , Djuric Ana , Srdic-Rajic Tatjana , Crochet Aurelien , Pavic Aleksandar , Zobi Fabio
Published: March 2023

The presence and position of a reactive halomethyl substituent on the diimine ligand system offac-[Re(CO)3]+complexes influences the anticancer activity of the compounds in zebrafish xenografts.
Luminescent hybrid halides with various centering metal cations (Zn, Cd and Pb) and diverse structures
Authors: Fan Liubing , Hao Shiqiang , He Shihui , Zhang Xusheng , Li Mingyang , Wolverton Christopher , Zhao Jing , Liu Quanlin
Published: March 2023

Three luminescent hybrid metal halides (Bmpip)-M–Br (M= Zn, Cd and Pb; Bmpip = 1-butyl-1-methyl-piperidinium) were obtained, and they possess isolated tetrahedra or one-dimensional face-sharing octahedral chains with excellent air stability.
Composition engineering of perovskite absorber assisted efficient textured monolithic perovskite/silicon heterojunction tandem solar cells
Authors: He Yongcai , Tang Zeguo , He Bo , Han Changbao , Ding Lei , Gu Xiaobing , Zhang Yongzhe , Yan Hui , Xu Xixiang
Published: March 2023

Two-terminal monolithic tandem solar cell prepared on the commercialized silicon substrate is the most promising route. Composition engineering for perovskite top cells enables better current mismatch and morphology as well as good performance of the tandem cells.
A biomineralized bi-functional hybrid nanoflower to effectively combat bacteriaviaa glucose-powered cascade catalytic reaction
Authors: Tang Qiaorong , Shi Lu , Yang Bing , Liu Wei , Li Baoxin , Jin Yan
Published: March 2023

A biomineralized bi-functional hybrid nanoflower (Cu-GMP/GODNF) was developedviacoordinate copper ions with guanosine monophosphate and natural glucose oxidase (GOD) to combat bacteria.
Tetrapyridine/triphenyltriazine-conjugated electron transporters for low-power-consumption, high-stability phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Kawano Tomoya , Sasabe Hisahiro , Saito Yu , Chen Yuhui , Kori Yuma , Nakamura Takeru , Abe Shoki , Maruyama Tomohiro , Kido Junji
Published: March 2023

A series of tetrapyridine/triazine-conjugated electron transporters, TnPyTRZ, was developed. T3PyTRZ realized a turn-on voltage of 2.18 V, power efficiency of over 115 lm W−1, and lifetime of 30 000 h at 1000 cd m−2 in green phosphorescent OLED.
Electrochemical dual α,β-C(sp3)–H functionalization of cyclic N-aryl amines
Authors: Feng Tian , Zhu Zile , Zhang Dongmei , Wang Siyi , Li Ruopu , Zhu Zhaolin , Zhang Xinxing , Qiu Youai
Published: March 2023

Herein, a straightforward route for dual α,β-C(sp3)–H functionalized cyclic N-aryl amines using a combination of electrocatalysis and iron catalysis is disclosed, setting the stage for the challenging multiple site selective C–H functionalization.
A facile turn-on luminescence technique to trap hydrazine and its application in button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)
Authors: Ghosh Priyotosh , Dey Koushik Kumar , Chattopadhyay Ansuman , Sahoo Prithidipa
Published: March 2023

A novel carbazole–coumarin framework (CCF) chemodosimeter was designed for the selective detection of hydrazine in edible button mushrooms.
Fabrication of Bragg stack films of clay nanosheets and polycations via co-polymerization of intercalated monomers and functional interlayer cations
Authors: Schuchardt Dominik , Rosenfeldt Sabine , Kalo Hussein , Breu Josef
Published: March 2023

Functionalization by ion exchange allows synthetic hectorite to delaminate via 1D dissolution in N-methylformamide. Mixing with a diacrylate monomer and photopolymerization yields a 1D crystalline nanocomposite coating with improved gas barrier properties.
Two-step conversion of uridine and cytidine to variously C5-C functionalized analogs
Authors: Podskoczyj Karolina , Klos Anna , Drewniak Szymon , Leszczynska Grazyna
Published: March 2023

5-CF3-pyrimidine ribonucleosides offer rapid, efficient and scalable C5 heteronucleobase functionality with carboxyl, nitrile, ester, amide and amidine groups.
Nucleophile responsive charge-reversing polycations for pDNA transfection
Authors: Lewis Reece W. , Muralidharan Aswin , Klemm Benjamin , Boukany Pouyan E. , Eelkema Rienk
Published: March 2023

A new class of charge-reversing polycation is studied for transfection of mammalian cells. In a lipopolyplex formulation, we observed improved transfection and reduced toxicity compared to a permanently cationic control.
Post-cyclization of a bisimine-linked covalent organic framework to enhance the performance of visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Liu Huanyu , Li Yueting , Dai Lu , Meng Xiangjian , Dong Anwang , Zhou Zimo , Lv Huixia , Li Pengfei , Wang Bo
Published: March 2023

The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of a bisimine-linked COF was enhanced 3 times when partially converted to an imidazolium-linked COF.
Correction: Multi-stimuli programmable FRET based RGB absorbing antennae towards ratiometric temperature, pH and multiple metal ion sensing
Authors: Rani Kavita , Sengupta Sanchita
Published: March 2023

Correction for ‘Multi-stimuli programmable FRET based RGB absorbing antennae towards ratiometric temperature, pH and multiple metal ion sensing’ by Kavita Rani et al., Chem. Sci., 2021, 12, 15533–15542, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1SC05112A.
A deep-blue crystalline organic light-emitting diode based on a solid-solution thin-film emitting layer
Authors: Sun Peifu , Zhu Feng , Yan Donghang
Published: March 2023

Organic solid solution is a novel advantageous strategy for developing crystalline OLEDs. This work demonstrated its universality and extended the scope of material systems.
New discoveries in ER–mitochondria communication
Authors: Bülow Margret Helene , Sellin Julia
Published: March 2023

The study of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria communication is a vast and expanding field with many novel developments in the past few years. In this mini-review, we focus on several recent publications that identify novel functions of tether complexes, in particular autophagy regulation and lipid droplet biogenesis. We review novel findings that shed light on the role of triple contacts between ER and mitochondria with peroxisomes or lipid droplets as the third player. We also summarize recent findings on the role of ER–mitochondria contacts in human neurodegenerative diseases, which implicate either enhanced or reduced ER–mitochondria contacts in neurodegeneration. Taken together, the discussed studies highlight the need for further research into the role of triple organelle contacts, as well as into the exact mechanisms of increased and decreased ER–mitochondria contacts in neurodegeneration.
Developmental Cut-Points for Atypical Speech Intelligibility in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Hustad Katherine C. , Mahr Tristan J. , Soriano Jennifer U. , Rathouz Paul J.
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

Early identification of speech motor involvement (SMI) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is difficult because of overlapping features with many aspects of typical speech development. Quantitative measures of speech intelligibility have the potential to differentiate between children with SMI and those with no SMI (NSMI). We examined thresholds for speech intelligibility development in children with CP relative to the low end of age-specific typical developmental expectations. We sought to determine whether there were intelligibility differences between children with CP and NSMI versus typically developing (TD) age-mates across the range of development and whether there were differences between children with CP who have NSMI and those with CP who have SMI across the range of development based on speech intelligibility.

Method:

We used two large existing data sets that included speech samples from children between the ages of 2.5 and 8 years. One data set included 511 longitudinal speech samples from children with CP; the other included 505 cross-sectional speech samples from TD children. We examined receiver operating characteristic curves and sensitivity/specificity results by age for differentiating among groups of children.

Results:

TD children versus those with CP and NSMI showed differentiation in their speech intelligibility across all ages, but the strength of differentiation was only marginally above chance. Children with CP and NSMI showed clear differentiation in their speech intelligibility from those with CP and SMI beginning at the earliest age point. Children with CP who have intelligibility below 40% at the age of 3 years have a very high probability of having SMI.

Conclusions:

Early intelligibility screening should be performed in children diagnosed with CP. Those with intelligibility below 40% at 3 years of age should be referred immediately for speech assessment and treatment.
Depth hole filling and optimizing method based on binocular parallax image
Authors: Han Xiaoxiang , Chen Qingmiao , Ma Qinyong , Yang Xiaoliang , Men Hongyue , Su Yue , Tian Xiaozhuang
Published: March 2023

Environment perception is one of the most vital function for autonomous robots while performing complex tasks in dynamic environment. In binocular stereo vision algorithm, the calculation of disparity image depends on matching algorithm, and the unmatched points form depth holes in the image. When encountering obstacles with less texture, such as blank walls, large area deep holes will often appear. Although the existing filtering algorithm can solve the problem of small area deep hole, it cannot be applied to large area deep hole. To solve this problem, a depth hole optimization algorithm is proposed, which detects large area depth holes from the image globally, fills the depth holes according to the disparity value distribution, and optimizes the weighted least squares filtering effect. The experimental results show that the average time of the algorithm is only 15 ms.
A novel TomoSAR imaging method with few observations based on nested array
Authors: Jiang Pengyu , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Bingchen , Xu Zhongqiu
Published: March 2023

Synthetic aperture radar tomography (TomoSAR) baseline optimization method is capable of reducing system complexity and improving the temporal coherence of data, which has become important research in the field of TomoSAR. A nested TomoSAR technique is proposed, which introduces the nested array into TomoSAR as the baseline configuration. This technique obtains uniform and continuous difference co‐array through the nested array to increase the degrees of freedom of the system and expands the virtual aperture along the elevation direction. In order to make full use of the difference co‐array, covariance matrix of the echo needs to be obtained. Therefore, a TomoSAR sparse reconstruction algorithm based on the nested array is proposed, which uses adaptive covariance matrix estimation to improve the estimation performance in complex scenes. The effectiveness of the proposed method through simulated and real data experiments is demonstrated. Compared with traditional TomoSAR and coprime TomoSAR, the imaging results of this proposed method have better anti‐noise performance and retain more image information.
VISIONS: the VISTA Star Formation Atlas
Authors: Meingast Stefan , Bouy Hervé , Fürnkranz Verena , Hernandez David , Rottensteiner Alena , Brändli Erik
Published: March 2023

The VISIONS public survey provides large-scale, multi-epoch imaging of five nearby star-forming regions at sub-arcsecond resolution in the near-infrared. All data collected within the program and provided by the European Southern Observatory (ESO) science archive are processed with a custom end-to-end pipeline infrastructure to provide science-ready images and source catalogs. The data reduction environment has been specifically developed for the purpose of mitigating several shortcomings of the bona fide data products processed with software provided by the Cambridge Astronomical Survey Unit (CASU), such as spatially variable astrometric and photometric biases of up to 100 mas and 0.1 mag, respectively. At the same time, the resolution of co-added images is up to 20% higher compared to the same products from the CASU processing environment. Most pipeline modules are written in Python and make extensive use of C extension libraries for numeric computations, thereby simultaneously providing accessibility, robustness, and high performance. The astrometric calibration is performed relative to the Gaia reference frame, and fluxes are calibrated with respect to the source magnitudes provided in the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). For bright sources, absolute astrometric errors are typically on the order of 10–15 mas and fluxes are determined with sub-percent precision. Moreover, the calibration with respect to 2MASS photometry is largely free of color terms. The pipeline produces data that are compliant with the ESO Phase 3 regulations and furthermore provides curated source catalogs that are structured similarly to those provided by the 2MASS survey.
New insights into the rotational evolution of near-solar age stars from the open cluster M 67
Authors: Gruner D. , Barnes S. A. , Weingrill J.
Published: March 2023

Context.Gyrochronology allows the derivation of ages for cool main sequence stars from their observed rotation periods and masses, or a suitable proxy of the latter. It is increasingly well explored for FGK stars, but requires further measurements for older ages and K–M-type stars.

Aims.Recent work has shown that the behavior of stellar spindown differs significantly from prior expectations for late-type stars. We study the 4 Gyr-old benchmark open cluster M 67 to explore this behavior further.

Methods.We combined aGaiaDR3 sample with theKeplerK2 superstamp of Campaign 5 around M 67 and created new light curves from aperture photometry. The light curves are subjected to an extensive correction process to remove instrumental systematics and trending, followed by period analysis to measure stellar rotation.

Results.We identify periodic signals in 136 light curves, 47 of which are from the rotation of effectively single main-sequence stars that span from early-G to mid-M type. These results connect well to prior work on M 67 and extend it to much later spectral types.

Conclusions.We find that the rotation periods of single stars of age 4 Gyr define a tight relationship with color, ranging from spectral types F through M. The corresponding surface of rotation period against age and mass is therefore well-defined to an older age than was previously known. However, the deviations from prior expectations of the stellar spindown behavior are even more pronounced at 4 Gyr. The binary cluster members do not follow the single star relationship. The majority are widely scattered below the single star sequence. Consequently, they do not seem to be suitable for gyrochronology at present.
Gestational and Non-gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry No. 032/049, April 2022)
Authors: Tempfer Clemens , Horn Lars-Christian , Ackermann Sven , Dittrich Ralf , Einenkel Jens , Günthert Andreas , Haase Heidemarie , Kratzsch Jürgen , Kreißl Michael , Polterauer Stephan , Ebert Andreas , Steiner Eric , Thiel Falk , Eichbaum Michael , Fehm Tanja , Koch Martin C. , Gass Paul
Published: March 2023

Purpose The aim was to develop and update a guideline which would improve the quality of care offered to women with gestational and non-gestational trophoblastic disease, a group of
diseases characterized by their rarity and biological heterogeneity.

Methods In accordance with the method used to compile S2k-guidelines, the guideline authors carried out a search of the literature (MEDLINE) for the period 1/2020 to 12/2021 and
evaluated the recent literature. No key questions were formulated. No structured literature search with methodical evaluation and assessment of the level of evidence was carried out. The
text of the precursor version of the guideline from 2019 was updated based on the most recent literature, and new statements and recommendations were drafted.

Recommendations The updated guideline contains recommendations for the diagnosis and therapy of women with hydatidiform mole (partial and complete moles), gestational trophoblastic
neoplasia after pregnancy or without prior pregnancy, persistent trophoblastic disease after molar pregnancy, invasive moles, choriocarcinoma, placental site nodules, placental site
trophoblastic tumor, hyperplasia at the implantation site und epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. Separate chapters cover the determination and assessment of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG),
histopathological evaluation of specimens, and the appropriate molecular pathological and immunohistochemical diagnostic procedures. Separate chapters on immunotherapy, surgical therapy,
multiple pregnancies with simultaneous trophoblastic disease, and pregnancy after trophoblastic disease were formulated, and the corresponding recommendations agreed upon.
Simplifying night vision with advanced electronics
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: March 2023

Silicon-OLED upconverters simplify the complex circuitry of infrared-to-visible devices for lower-cost, higher-resolution images.
Phase finite time singularity: On the dissolution of a surface MHD eigenmode to the Alfvén continuum
Authors: Wang L. P. , Guo Z. B. , Mao Z. J. , Zhang Y.
Published: March 2023

Phase mixing is a general mechanism of collisionless damping in magnetized plasmas. In a MHD model, the carrier of phase mixing is the Alfvén wave continuum, which is driven by the plasma inhomogeneity. In this work, we study the non-resonant conversion of a surface MHD eigenmode to the Alfvén continuum. It is shown that the finite-time-singularity of the phase of the surface mode can smear its periodic oscillation and induces the excitation of the local Alfvén waves. This type of mode conversion would enhance the collisionless dissipation of the surface eigenmode, i.e., accelerating its dissolution to the Alfvén continuum. The non-resonant mode conversion and damping mechanism explored here have potential applications to understand the physics of collisionless dissipation of various eigenmodes in magnetized plasmas.
Free-running 4H-SiC single-photon detector with ultralow afterpulse probability at 266 nm
Authors: Yu Chao , Li Tianyi , Zhao Xian-Song , Lu Hai , Zhang Rong , Xu Feihu , Zhang Jun , Pan Jian-Wei
Published: March 2023

Ultraviolet single-photon detector (UVSPD) provides a key tool for applications requiring ultraweak light detection in the wavelength band. Here, we report a 4H-SiC single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) based free-running UVSPD with ultralow afterpulse probability. We design and fabricate the 4H-SiC SPAD with a beveled mesa structure, which exhibits the characteristic of ultralow dark current. We further develop a readout circuit of passive quenching and active reset with a tunable hold-off time setting to considerably suppress the afterpulsing effect. The nonuniformity of photon detection efficiency (PDE) across the SPAD active area with a diameter of ∼180 μm is investigated for performance optimization. The compact UVSPD is then characterized, exhibiting a typical performance of 10.3% PDE, 133 kcps dark count rate, and 0.3% afterpulse probability at 266 nm. Such performance indicates that the compact UVSPD could be used for practical ultraviolet photon-counting applications.
Pressure and shear flow singularities: Fluid splitting and printing nip hydrodynamics
Authors: Rieckmann M. E. , Brumm P. , Sauer H. M. , Dörsam E. , Kummer F.
Published: March 2023

A numerical simulation of the fluid flow in the gravure printing nip, based on a discontinuous Galerkin algorithm, is used to study the fluid-splitting process and the transition between point and lamella splitting. We study the pressure and shear singularities at the contact point of the printing cylinder and substrate as a function of the variable microscopic residual gap and variations of the printing fluid quantities introduced to the nip. As the hydrodynamic boundary value problem is ill-defined by the nip singularity, we enhance the simulation using renormalization group and algebraic scaling techniques in order to obtain a numerically stable and physically meaningful prediction. Our simulations are compared to analytical results from lubrication theory and to experimental observations on a gravure press.
Micro-flow investigation on laying process in Al2O3 stereolithography forming
Authors: Wu Weiwei , Deng Xu , Ding Shuang , Zhang Yanjun , Tang Bing , Shi Binquan
Published: March 2023

When printing Al2O3 parts by stereolithography technology, the laying process is an extremely important part. In the current work, the referred flow analysis was numerically investigated. The rheological behavior was measured to determine the rheological type of the slurry. According to the fitting analysis, a Sisko model was available to describe the non-Newtonian behavior. Then, the modified multiple relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method was proposed and validated to effectively improve the stability of the simulation. Based on the proposed method, the situations without and with printed solids in the previous layer were investigated by a series of simulations. The laying velocity and layer thickness were considered as two important factors on the laying process. When the situation without printed solids in the previous layer is analyzed, the streamlines and flow velocities curves were almost horizontal. With different laying velocities, the flow velocities show obvious differences at the same thickness. With different layer thicknesses, the difference is mainly embodied in the vertical velocity component. When the printed solid is considered, the solid seriously affected the smooth flow. The vortices appeared near the printed solid, which also caused the disturbance in both horizontal and vertical velocity components. The mentioned interfering factors indicated different actions on the flow. The research will contribute to understanding the flow of the laying process. It can help to select suitable laying velocity and layer thickness to avoid severe flow velocity fluctuation and redundant vertical velocity components.
Polarization-dependent electrocaloric and pyroelectric effects in ferroelectric BaTiO3 thin films
Authors: Adkins J. W. , Fina I. , Sánchez F. , Bakaul S. R. , Abiade J. T.
Published: March 2023

Herein, we examine the influence of controllable polarization reversal and built-in electric fields on pyroelectric and electrocaloric effects in a BaTiO3 thin film using a modified indirect method. We find that the magnitude of the sample's change in polarization with temperature is sensitive to the degree of polarization reversal. The pyroelectric response is small at low fractions of switched polarization and grows larger by several factors as larger fractions of polarization are reversed. This polarization reversal-sensitive pyroelectric behavior is the result of an internal built-in field, which has the effect of destabilizing low fractions of switched polarization and producing diminished pyroelectric effect. Greater fractions of switched polarization are more stable against backswitching and permit a larger pyroelectric response. Our findings highlight a characterization method for polarization-dependent pyroelectric effects in ferroelectric thin films, where built-in field effects are also present.
Effects of probiotic supplementation on broiler growth performance: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Uzabaci Ender , Yibar Artun
Published: March 2023

Context The effects of probiotics on broilers’ growth and productivity performance have been reported in many scientific studies, and different results have been found. Aim This study aimed to assess the effects of probiotics on broiler growth performance via meta-analysis. Methods In this study, the PubMed database was searched with the keywords ‘broiler’ and ‘probiotic’ and it was determined that 60 of 605 studies were suitable. Average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were used as performance parameters. Publication bias was evaluated with Egger’s and Begg’s tests. The trim and fill method was applied when even one of these tests was significant. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the Cochran Q test. The random-effect model was used to estimate effect sizes if heterogeneity was statistically significant; otherwise, the fixed-effect model was used. In addition to evaluating all studies, subgroup analyses were performed depending on study duration, probiotic strain, and the probiotic content. Key results According to the meta-analysis results, there was a significant difference between the probiotic and control groups in studies lasting 35 days in terms of average daily gain (P = 0.005) and feed conversion ratio (P = 0.002). But only the average daily gain (P < 0.001) value was different between the groups in studies lasting 42 days. According to the probiotic strain, significant differences were found between the probiotic and control groups in terms of both growth parameters examined in studies using mono-strain and multi-strain probiotics. A significant difference was found between the probiotic and control groups in average daily gain values in studies where probiotics containing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and clostridia were used. Conclusion In conclusion, this study is a current research that examined the effects of probiotic use in broilers in detail according to more than one factor. Implication In this study, articles in the PubMed database were examined. The sample size of the study can be increased by scanning other databases with the same keywords.
A wave-driven surface circulation feature in Table Bay
Authors: de Vos Marc , Vichi Marcello , Rautenbach Christo
Published: March 2023

Table Bay, located in the Cape Peninsula region of South Africa, supports a variety of human and ecological interests. Notably it hosts a major port, with significant shipping and smaller maritime activity in and near the bay. Despite this, knowledge of its circulation dynamics remains cursory. In this study, surface gravity waves, particularly those with longer periods and higher wave heights such as swells, are shown to be important in driving near surface currents and establishing circulation patterns within Table Bay. A surface circulation feature, linked to large wave conditions and established by strong wave-driven flows near Robben Island, is identified and described by means of two coastal ocean model simulations. One simulation is dynamically coupled to a wave model and includes current forcing due to waves, whereas the other neglects waves. The influence of these wave-driven currents is relevant at the event scale, but also affects the monthly means of the simulation periods. Finally, the importance of including accurate surface gravity wave forcing in simulations of coastal currents, for applications of coastal models, is elucidated. This is achieved by analysing differences in the drift of a series of drogues deployed in the coupled and uncoupled simulations. Trajectories, drift speeds and drogue fates differed materially between the two configurations, underscoring the implications of wave-driven currents for common use cases.
Advancing coral microbiome manipulation to build long-term climate resilience
Authors: Doering Talisa , Maire Justin , van Oppen Madeleine J. H. , Blackall Linda L.
Published: March 2023

Coral reefs house one-third of all marine species and are of high cultural and socioeconomic importance. However, coral reefs are under dire threat from climate change and other anthropogenic stressors. Climate change is causing coral bleaching, the breakdown of the symbiosis between the coral host and its algal symbionts, often resulting in coral mortality and the deterioration of these valuable ecosystems. While it is essential to counteract the root causes of climate change, it remains urgent to develop coral restoration and conservation methods that will buy time for coral reefs. The manipulation of the bacterial microbiome that is associated with corals has been suggested as one intervention to improve coral climate resilience. Early coral microbiome-manipulation studies, which are aimed at enhancing bleaching tolerance, have shown promising results, but the inoculated bacteria did generally not persist within the coral microbiome. Here, we highlight the importance of long-term incorporation of bacterial inocula into the microbiome of target corals, as repeated inoculations will be too costly and not feasible on large reef systems like the Great Barrier Reef. Therefore, coral microbiome-manipulation studies need to prioritise approaches that can provide sustained coral climate resilience.