bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum antinuclear antibodies in progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
Authors: Rothfield Naomi F. , Rodnan Gerald P.
Published: February 2007

Sera from 47 patients with PSS were studied for the presence of antinuclear antibodies. Antinuclear antibodies were present in 60 per cent of the sera in a titer of 1:16 or greater. In most cases the titer was low, but a titer of 1:256 or greater was present in sera from 6 patients. The pattern of nuclear fluorescence was most commonly that of fine or large speckles. Most sera contained both IgC and IgM antinuclear antibodies. There was no relation between duration of disease or severity of disease and the presence of antinuclear antibodies. Similarly, no correlation could be demonstrated between clinical findings and the immunoglobulin class, titer, or staining pattern of antinuclear antibody. The prevalence of high tilers of antinuclear antibodies was greater in patients with hypergammaglobulinemia than in those with normal levels of gamma globulin. Rheumatoid factor was present in 33 per cent of sera. Patients with high liters of rheumatoid factor tended to have high tilers of antinuclear antibodies. Antinuclear antibodies were found in low titer in 7 per cent of blood relatives less than 60 years of age. The number of sera with antinuclear antibodies was slightly higher in the non‐aged relatives of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (11 per cent), while the prevalence in relatives of patients with chronic discoid lupus (2 per cent) was similar to that of a group of healthy student nurses. The results reveal that antinuclear antibodies of a speckled pattern are commonly present in sera from patients with FSS and appear to be unrelated to the duration or severity of the disease. The peripheral pattern of nuclear fluorescence produced by sera from acutely ill patients with systemic lupus erythematosus was not observed with any of the sera of patients with PSS. These obs 3 ervations emphasize the fact that the presence of antinuclear antibodies in general is not diagnostic of any one disease, and indicate that the pattern of nuclear fluorescence produced by the antinuclear antibodies may aid in confirmation of clinical diagnosis.
The Clinical Differentiation of Lead Gout from Primary Gout
Authors: Emmerson Bryan T.
Published: February 2007

A group of gouty patients with renal disease following lead poisoning in childhood was compared with another group of gouty patients in whom a lead etiology could be excluded. Comparison revealed that the lead gout group contained a higher proportion of women, half of whom were premenopausal. The lead gout group also showed a greater incidence of renal disease in kindred, of hypertension in siblings, and sequelae of acute lead encephalopathy in the form of mental impairment and euphoria. The severity and the number of attacks of acute gouty arthritis, however, was less in the lead gout group. Renal disease was invariable in lead gout and antedated the gouty arthritis. Features occurring more frequently in the primary gout group were regular alcohol consumption, obesity and renal calculi. These findings confirm previously reported features of primary gout and provide pointers to a possible lead etiology in other gouty patients.
Age and weight in osteoarthritis of the hip
Authors: Saville Paul D. , Dickson Jessie
Published: February 2007

We examined 121 men and women suffering from primary and secondary osteoarthritis of the hip with respect to age at orthopedic consultation, body weight, and height. Body weight distribution among patients with primary osteoarthritis of the hip was similar to that of patients with secondary osteoarthritis of the hip and to normal men and women in the United States. There was no correlation between age at orthopedic consultation and body weight. We conclude that body weight is not an important factor in the development of osteoarthritis of the hip. Primary osteoarthritis affects one or the other side or both sides with equal frequency. Individuals with bilateral disease were not older than those with unilateral disease. We conclude that the disease is unilateral or bilateral at its inception rather than progressing from one side to the other with time.
Lubrication of animal joints. iii. the effect of certain chemical alterations of the cartilage and lubricant
Authors: Linn Frank C. , Radin Eric L.
Published: February 2007

The coefficient of friction of dog ankle joints measured in vitro was found to be greatly affected by certain enzymatic treatments of bovine synovial mucin. Testicular hyaluronidase had no effect on its lubricating action even though it abolished the viscosity. By contrast, tryptic digestion destroyed the ability of the mucin to lubricate without reducing the viscosity. These observations indicate that a protein moiety is an intrinsic component of the mucin molecule; and that, together with an only partly polymerized hyaluronate, it is responsible for the mucin's function as a lubricant. The protein may serve as a prosthetic group for adsorption of the mucin onto the surface of the cartilage. Sodium heparin inhibited lubrication by the mucin. In mucin‐free buffers, the pH and molarity of the lubricant bath altered both the friction and deformability of the cartilage. The change in friction was not consistently related to the change in deformability. The amphoteric effect of pH on the friction raises the possibility that electrostatic surface effects contribute to adhesive friction. Formalin made the cartilage rigid and increased the coefficient of friction. It did not, however, have much effect on the lubricating action of the mucin. A small number of pathological human synovial fluids were studied and found to lubricate as well or better than healthy bovine material.
Renal Tubular Acidosis, Glomerulonephritis and Immunologic Factors in Sjogren's Syndrome
Authors: Talal Norman , Zisman Elias , Schur Peter H.
Published: February 2007

Urinary acidification was impaired in 6 of 12 patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) studied before and during the administration of ammonium chloride. Renal tubular acidosis was overt in 3 patients and subclinical in 2. The sixth patient had glomerulonephritis. Precipitating antibodies to tissue antigens were studied in 70 patients with SS. The group with renal disease had the greatest reactivity, and the only reactivity to heat denatured DNA. None of the 70 patients reacted with native DNA, and only one with nucleoprotein.
Family studies in systemic lupus erythematosus. I. Prenatal factors
Authors: Oleinick Arthur
Published: February 2007

Family histories of 191 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were obtained to test the hypothesis that the female preponderance among clinical cases of this disease may reflect excessive male fetal wastage among potentially susceptible siblings. Among 581 siblings there was a significant decrease in the sex ratio, the ratio of liveborn male siblings to total liveborn siblings, of those siblings born immediately preceding and subsequent to the index case, a finding which supports the hypothesis. Index cases did not demonstrate a significant birth month or birth order effect.
Collagen of human articular and costal cartilage
Authors: Miller Edward J. , Van Der Korst Jan K. , Sokoloff Leon
Published: February 2007

Collagen comprises approximately 90 per cent of the protein of human articular cartilage. Only about 1 per cent of the total collagen could be extracted by solutions of 5 M guanidine‐HCl from normal cartilage, and the extractability of collagen from fibrillated specimens was not elevated. In costal cartilage, the proportion of noncollagenous protein increases almost threefold during skeletal growth. Moreover, the extractability of costal cartilage collagen decreases as a function of age.
Cold‐reactive rheumatoid factors in infectious mononucleosis and other diseases
Authors: Capra J. Donald , Winchester Robert J. , Kunkel Henry G.
Published: February 2007

A high percentage of patients with infectious mononucleosis showed in their sera a special type of rheumatoid factor that reacts at 4°C but not at 22°C with cells or other particles coated with γ globulin. This differed from the usual types of rheumatoid factor found in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, where no such temperature dependence was evident. The potentiation of the Rh agglutination test at 4°C provided a sensitive method for the detection of this unusual rheumatoid factor. Similar cold‐reactive rheumatoid factors were also found in the sera of patients with reticulum cell sarcoma and certain other disorders. They precipitated with γ globulin in the cold and resembled the well‐known γM‐γG mixed cryoglobulins. Whether routine screening tests for rheumatoid factor will or will not detect these cold‐reactive rheumatoid factors depends upon the temperature at which the tests are performed.
A four year follow‐up of suspected rheumatoid arthritis: The Tecumseh, Michigan, community health study
Authors: Mikkelsen William M. , Dodge Horace
Published: February 2007

Of 563 individuals suspected of having rheumatoid arthritis when examined in 1959‐1960, only 402, or 71.4 per cent, participated in the Tecumseh, Michigan, Community Health Study of 1962‐1965. Of the 402, when classified by similar criteria, only 107, or 26.6 per cent, maintained their former classification as to degree of certainty of presence of rheumatoid arthritis, while 200, or 49.8 per cent, showed no evidence of the disease. The results illustrate some of the difficulties and uncertainties of prospective studies.
Survivorship in systemic lupus erythematosus: Relationship to race and pregnancy
Authors: Siegel Morris , Gwon Nancy , Lee Stanley L. , Rivero Isaac , Wong William
Published: February 2007

Survival time following diagnosis of SLE was studied in 158 white, 41 Puerto Rican, and 93 Negro females, 15 to 44 years old. Survivorship was independent of ethnic group and marital status. Following pregnancy, survival time depended on renal and neurological complications, and interval between diagnosis and pregnancy. Differences in survival between pregnant and nonpregnant married patients reflected less severe disease in those able to conceive, and possibly beneficial effects of hormonal change during gestation.
Aortic insufficiency in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Shulman Herbert J. , Christian Charles L.
Published: February 2007

Three cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with aortic insufficiency are presented. One patient had Libman‐Sacks endocarditis at necropsy. Another had aortitis and pancarditis. The third had a fenestrated aortic valve showing mucoid degeneration, similar to the lesions described in Marfan's syndrome and the “floppy valve” syndrome, and had a successful insertion of a prosthetic valve. Two patients with subcutaneous “rheumatoid nodules” had persistently negative latex fixation tests.
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte motility in vitro. I. Effect of pH, temperature, ethyl alcohol, and caffeine, using a modified boyden chamber technic
Authors: Phelps Paulding , Stanislaw Diana
Published: February 2007

A modification of the Boyden chamber technic for studying the motility of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN's) is presented, and various technical factors which might influence the results are discussed. FMN motility was found to vary considerably over the pH spectrum encountered in healthy and diseased tissue. It is possible that tissue variations in pH, through an effect on FMN motility, may play a regulatory role in the development and resolution of certain types of inflammation. Changes in temperature over a fairly wide range had relatively little effect on PMN motility. Ethyl alcohol and caffeine were found to suppress motility at clinically obtainable concentrations.
The coincidence of Klinefelter's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ortiz‐Neu Carmen , LeRoy E. Carwile
Published: February 2007

The clinical features of 3 patients with Klinefelter's syndrome who had manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus are reported. Two of them, young men with XXY karyotype, developed fever, arthritis, proteinuria, and positive LE cell tests; one of the two also had pleurisy with effusion, and the other, treated intermittently with diphenylhydantoin, developed a hemolytic anemia. The third patient, also with XXY karyotype, developed the nephrotic syndrome and was found to have a proliferative glomerulonephritis and a positive antinuclear factor test. The possible relationship of these patients to the “autoimmune” phenomena observed in chromosomal aberrations is discussed.
Relationship of lethal midline granuloma to Wegener's granulomatosis
Authors: Byrd Leroy J. , Shearn Martin A. , Tu W. H.
Published: February 2007

Lethal midline granuloma (LMC) may remain localized or eventuate in systemic granulomatosis. In a search for predictive features, 10 patients with localized LMC were observed up to 9 years. Granuloma remained local in 5 and became systemic in 5. Friedmann's histologic criteria for distinction were not predictive. Polyarthralgia, cutaneous vasculitis, proteinuria, azotemia, leukocytosis, and rheumatoid factor developed in the patients in whom systemic granulomatosis ensued. Such findings in localized LMC suggest possible future Wegener's granulomatosis.
Autoantibodies and nephritis in the white strain (NZW) of New Zealand mice
Authors: Hahn Bevra H. , Shulman Lawrence E.
Published: February 2007

Significant proportions of a presumably “healthy” strain (NZW) of New Zealand mice had erythrocyte autoantibodies, antinuclear factor, and glomerulonephritis. Clinical expression of these abnormalities, however, was rare: Coombs' antibody was transient; hemolytic anemia was absent; clinical nephritis was uncommon. It is suggested that this NZW strain of mice may provide a particularly useful model for studies of the ability of drugs, antigens, or microorganisms to promote clinical disease in an animal with an autoimmune diathesis.
Experimental Corticosteroid Myopathy
Authors: Sheahan Michael G. , Vignos Paul J.
Published: February 2007

Triamcinolone treatment in rabbits using 1 mg./Kg. doses produces a differential metabolic effect, with predominant involvement of glycolytic‐type fibers of muscle manifested by a significant atrophy of type II fibers. A consequent atrophy of muscle containing a large proportion of type II fibers also occurs. These changes take place before there is any significant alteration in size of type I fibers, and before there is any apparent loss of either glycolytic or oxidative enzyme activity.
Altered reactivity in mixed lymphocyte culture of lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Astorga Gonzalo P. , Williams Ralph C.
Published: February 2007

Lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied in one‐way stimulation mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) and results compared with cultured pairs of rheumatoid and normal lymphocytes. In 14 of 22 experiments, no lymphocyte stimulation was noted when rheumatoid arthritis lymphocytes obtained from unrelated patients were studied in MLC. Normal lymphocytes produced stimulation of rheumatoid cells in 16 of 22 instances, and rheumatoid lymphocytes induced transformation of normal subjects' lymphocytes in 19 of 22 experiments. Marked alteration in mutual lymphocyte stimulation was thus recorded when cells from some patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied together.
The association of rheumatoid arthritis with plasma cell and lymphocytic neoplasms
Authors: Goldenberg Gerald J. , Paraskevas Frixos , Israels Lyonel G.
Published: February 2007

Previous reports have stressed the association of autoimmune disturbances and lymphoproliferative neoplasms. Here the coexistence of rheumatoid arthritis and plasma cell or lymphocytic neoplasms was investigated. An increased incidence is suggested, as 4 cases of rheumatoid arthritis were found among 112 cases of plasma cell and lymphocytic neoplasms.
Experimental murine amyloid. III. Amyloidosis induced with endotoxins
Authors: Barth Werner F. , Willerson James T. , Asofsky Richard , Sheagren John N. , Wolff Sheldon M.
Published: February 2007

A new model for the study of experimental amyloid is described using parenteral administration of endotoxin. The differential responses in the various strains of mice examined suggested that genetic factors may be involved in murine amyloid formation. Many similarities were noted between casein‐ and endotoxin‐induced amyloidosis. It is suggested that endotoxin may be involved in the pathogenesis of several forms of experimental amyloidosis.
Joint infection by anaerobic bacteria: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ziment Irwin , Davis Alvin , Finegold Sydney M.
Published: February 2007

A case of Bacteroides fragilis arthritis of the knee following intraarticular steroid therapy is described. Details of a literature review revealing 47 cases of arthritis due to nonsporeforming anaerobic bacteria are presented also. Features which, when present, suggest the possibility of anaerobic joint infection include foul‐smelling pus, gas in a joint, and the unique morphology of many anaerobes on gram stain of pus. The sternoclavicular and sacroiliac joints are peculiarly susceptible to Bacteroides infections.
99mTechnetium scintiphotography in arthritis I. technic and interpretation
Authors: Mccarty Daniel J. , Polcyn Robert E. , Collins Phillip A. , Gottschalk Alexander
Published: February 2007

A technic for visualization of inflamed joints using intravenously injected technetium‐99m as pertechnetate and an Anger (scintillation) camera for detection will be described. Contrast between inflamed and normal tissue was usually greatest in the first few minutes after isotope injection, presumably, at the time of maximal difference in concentration of 99mTc between blood and extravascular tissue. Inflamed joints with moderate to large effusions were often visualized best 1–2 hr after injection. The extensive binding of pertechnetate by plasma and joint fluid proteins found in equilibrium dialysis experiments was evoked as an explanation of this phenomenon.
Periarticular inflammation, bilateral hilar adenopathy and a sarcoid reaction
Authors: Caplan Hubert I. , Katz Warren A. , Rubenstein Mayer
Published: February 2007

A total of 19 cases of bilateral hilar adenopathy in association with polyarthritis are presented. Erythema nodosum, usually occurring in this syndrome, was not present; however, marked periarticular inflammation of the ankles with little pain on motion was noted and served as the initial clue to the diagnosis. All patients had elevated sedimentation rates; hyperglobulinemia and positive tests for rheumatoid factor were frequently found. A sarcoid reaction was seen in 73% of the patients whose tissue was examined histologically. Diagnosis was established by the radiologic demonstration of bilateral hilar adenopathy. Prognosis was favorable. The etiology of the disorder is unknown, and its relationship to Boeck's sarcoidosis Is uncertaian.
Sulfate incorporation by articular chondrocytes in monolayer culture
Authors: Sokoloff Leon , Malemud Charles J. , Green William T.
Published: February 2007

Articular chondrocytes in primary monolayers or subcultures synthesize sulfated macromolecules, presumably mucopolysaccharides. Intracellular 35SO4 incorporation by postnatal rabbit chondrocytes reached a steady level by 24 hr of incubation; the nondialyzable extracellular (centrifuged medium + trypsin digest) counts increased over 72 hr, when they were up to 100 times the intracellular value. Cell for cell, radiosulfate counts in each fraction were higher in chondrocytes than fibroblasts. Data from a 3‐year‐old rabbit were comparable to those from recently weaned animals. Secretion of sulfated mucopolysaccharide was also found in cultures of adult human and bovine articular chondrocytes. Although Ham's F12 medium is advantageous in establishing a primary culture of chondrocytes, sulfate incorporation was greater when Dulbecco‐Eagle medium, with or without supplemental L‐proline, was used for subcultures. Ascorbic acid (5 mg/100 ml) added to an already confluent monolayer had no consistent effect.
Polyarticular and familial chondrocalcinosis
Authors: Reginato Antonio , Valenzuela Fernando , Martinéz Virginia , Passano Gian , Daza Sergio
Published: February 2007

From our series of 72 patients with articular chondrocalcinosis, 37 who presented polyarticular involvement are described. Twenty‐eight patients, including 19 aggregated within different family groups, are natives of the Chiloé island group. Members of 1 of the 6 families had unusually severe disease with deformities, and 1 had bony ankylosis of multiple joints. Pathologic findings in both the acute and the chronic stages of the joint disease are presented, particularly, some severe changes that have not been described previously.
Immunoglobulin m deficiency in the immune response of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bandilla Klaus K. , Pitts Neal C. , Mcduffie Frederic C.
Published: February 2007

The specific antibody production in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in response to three antigens—sheep cell stroma, Brucellin and Limulus polyphemus hemocyanin—was examined. Several antigens were used in expectation that an abnormality in antibody production might be selective and not uniform for all antigens. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis were deficient in their IgM response to sheep cell stroma and Brucellin, especially the latter. This deficiency was limited to the primary response and to secondary responses characterized by only slight increases in antibody levels. More intensive stimulation resulted in equal production of IgM antibody in both groups. Antigenic competition may explain the deficiency in IgM antibody production. Levels of rheumatoid factor increased after repeated stimulation paralleling, in general, the specific antibody responses.
Scale effects in animal joints. I. articular cartilage thickness and compressive stress
Authors: Simon William H.
Published: February 2007

The relationship between the thickness of articular cartilage and static compressive stress was studied in 6 joints of 5 species of quadruped (mouse, rat, dog, sheep, cow) ranging in weight from 0.05 to 600 Ib. Using free body diagrams and vector analysis, the loads on these joints were determined in a relaxed standing position. Each joint was then loaded to the calculated level by a compression device. A plastic mold of the loaded joint revealed the area of cartilage under compression. For the entire series of animals, maximum cartilage thickness for each joint bore a simple allometric relationship, y = b xk, to body weight, hip‐to‐shoulder length, and area of the tibial plateau. By contrast, the stresses on the joint cartilages among the various species were generally within one order of magnitude and unrelated to the thickness of the cartilage. Among the species, the low ratio of highest/lowest stress on the femoro‐tibial joint suggests that limb structures are optimally designed to maintain low static pressures on the joint surface. These findings do not exclude the possibility that other stresses, noncompressive or dynamic, may be related to cartilage thickness.
Hypophosphatasia associated with calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposits in cartilage
Authors: O'Duffy John D
Published: February 2007

A 51‐year‐old woman with hypophosphatasia had diffuse bone pain and widespread calcification in articular cartilage. Attacks of monarthritis had occurred for 27 years. Analysis of cartilage from the pubic symphysis revealed calcium pyrophosphate crystals.
Diplopia as early sign of temporal arteritis. report of two cases
Authors: Lockshin Michael D.
Published: February 2007

The case histories of 2 elderly men who developed diplopia as a predominant symptom of temporal arteritis are presented. In 1, the significance of diplopia was not appreciated and blindness ensued. In the second prompt therapy resulted in remission of symptoms with preservation of vision. Diplopia occurs in 10–15% of patients with temporal arteritis; when seen in elderly persons it should lead to a search for other manifestations of this disease.
The complement system in rheumatoid synovitis i. an analysis of complement component activities in rheumatoid synovial fluids
Authors: Ruddy Shaun , Frank Austen K.
Published: February 2007

Stoichiometric hemolytic assays were used to measure the activities of the first four reacting components of the complement sequence in synovial fluids from patients with seropositive or seronegative rheumatoid arthritis or degenerative joint disease. The pattern of component reductions in the seropositive rheumatoid arthritis fluids was consistent with activation of the complement system by an intra‐articular immunologic process.
Oxygen tension in synovial fluids
Authors: Lund‐Olesen Knud
Published: February 2007

The results of a study on the oxygen tension in 103 synovial fluids from knee joints are presented. The lowest tensions were found in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In some cases it was found to be as low as O mmHg. The oxygen tension in synovial fluids from patients with osteoarthrosis and from those with traumatic joint exudates was considerably higher. The pH and pCO2 were measured in all the cases. Significant correlation was found between pO2 and pH, and between pO2 and pCO2.
The nephrotic syndrome as a complication of gold therapy
Authors: Vaamonde Carlos A. , Hunt Frederick R.
Published: February 2007

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis developed a reversible nephrotic syndrome secondary to gold therapy. A review of the world literature revealed 18 other case reports of the nephrotic syndrome apparently associated with the administration of gold salts. Renal tissue was available for study in only 8 of these; membranous glomeruionephritis was the predominant lesion. This rare complication of gold therapy appears to have a good prognosis. Two thirds of the patients have recovered from the nephrotic syndrome.
Relapsing polychondritis with aortic involvement
Authors: Owen Duncan S. , Irby Robert , Toone Elam
Published: February 2007

A 35‐year‐old female with relapsing polychondritis and aortic insufficiency is presented. Cases previously reported are reviewed. Aortic insufficiency appears to be fairly common in cases of relapsing polychondritis.
Hereditary amyloidosis
Authors: Andrade Corino , Araki Shukuro , Block Walter D. , Cohen Alan S. , Jackson Charles E. , Kuroiwa Yoshigoro , Mckusick Victor A. , Nissim Jack , Sohar Ezra , Van Allen Maurice W.
Published: February 2007

A review of hereditary amyloidoses is provided by papers from a 1969 international symposium on primary amyloidosis. These discussions allow comparison of the amyloid neuropathy with onset in the lower extremities (Portuguese‐Japanese families), the neuropathy with onset in the upper extremities (Indiana‐Maryland families), the neuropathy and nephropathy of the Iowa family, and the amyloidosis of familial Mediterranean fever. The importance of studies of genetic entities in understanding the pathogenesis of amyloidosis is emphasized.
The Rarity of Ankylosing Spondylitis in the Black Race
Authors: Baum John , Ziff Morris
Published: February 2007

Ankylosing spondylitis is apparently rare in the black race. Data collected from Veterans Administration hospitals in different geographic areas of the United States indicates an overall frequency of the disease in black Afro‐Americans to be about 25% of that seen in whites. A review of the literature from the Americas and Africa confirms its uncommon occurrence. A postulated inheritance pattern may depend on multigenic factors.
Acute Arthritis Complicating Rubella Vaccination
Authors: Thompson George R. , Ferreyra Alfredo , Brackett Robert G.
Published: February 2007

After a field trial of rubella virus vaccine (HPV‐77 DK 12 strain), 329 children (2.8%) developed joint symptoms. Forty had complete rheumatologic evaluation and constitute the basis of this report. Twenty children (50%) had predominantly knee complaints; 13 (33%) had symptoms suggesting the carpal tunnel syndrome; and 7 (17%) had polyarthritis. The mean duration of arthritis was 18.4 days, and the mean interval between vaccination and onset of arthritis was 30.6 days.
Ankylosing Spondylitis and Spondylitis Accompanying Ulcerative Colitis, Regional Enteritis, Psoriasis and Reiter's Disease. A Comparative Study
Authors: McEwen Currier , Ditata Dominick , Lingg Claire , Porini Anna , Good Armine , Rankin Thomas
Published: February 2007

A comparative clinical and roentgenologic study of spondylitis accompanying various diseases has revealed features which permit placing them in two descriptive categories. Ankylosing spondylitis and spondylitis associated with ulcerative colitis and regional enteritis resemble each other closely and constitute one category. Spondylitis associated with psoriasis and Reiter's disease also resemble each other closely but have features which distinguish them from the first category.
Incidence of Antibodies to Double‐Stranded RNA in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Related Diseases
Authors: Schur Peter H. , Stollar B. David , Steinberg Alfred D. , Talal Norman
Published: February 2007

Sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and related diseases were examined for antibodies to double‐stranded RNA (DSRNA) by precipitation, complement fixation and radioactive antigen binding. While only 6% of normals had antibodies to DSRNA, 51% of patients with SLE had these antibodies. A low incidence of these antibodies was seen in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, myasthenia gravis, thyroiditis, multiple myeloma, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, drug‐induced SLE and various forms of liver disease. These antibodies reacted to synthetic and naturally occurring DSRNA, but not to single‐stranded RNA or DNA. As DSRNA is found in cells primarily during viral replication, these antibodies may represent a response to viral infection.
Synovial fluid pH, lactate, oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressure in various joint diseases
Authors: Treuhaft Paul S. , McCarty Daniel J.
Published: February 2007

Fifty‐five samples from knee joints of 44 patients with a wide variety of joint diseases were analyzed by routine gross and microscopic examination, and for pH, pO2 and pCO2; 18 fluids were analyzed for lactate. pO2 values ranged from 8–78 mm Hg. Lower values were found generally in fluids of the inflammatory type. pH values ranged between 6.6 and 7.41 units and correlated poorly with pO2. pCO2 ranged between 34 and 150 mm Hg. pO2 correlated poorly with pCO2 (r = −0.22) but better with lactate (r = −0.67). In the same 18 samples, lactate correlated better with pH (r = −0.9) than did pCO2 (r = −0.38). No single entity could be identified with a given degree of physiologic abnormality. These changes appear to be nonspecific. The good correlation between lactate and both pH and pO2 suggests that anaerobic glycolysis by an anoxic synovium may be the most important underlying factor.
Reactions of systemic lupus erythematosus sera with histone fractions and histone‐DNA complexes
Authors: Stollar B. David
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐five of 85 SLE sera reacted by complement‐fixation with free histones or histone‐DNA complexes in the absence of, or after absorption of, antibodies to native DNA. Of 10 sera reacting with free histones, eight showed marked selectivity for the lysine‐rich F1 histone. Fifteen sera reacted with histone‐DNA complexes but not with free histone or DNA; six of these showed marked selectivity for the F1 histone. Reactions with chromatin were varied. Of 38 random sera from a clinical laboratory, one reacted specifically with F1 histone‐DNA complexes. Poly‐L‐lysine inhibited the reactions of two SLE sera with F1 histone.
The effect of chrysotherapy on trace metals in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Niedermeier William , Prillaman William W. , Griggs James H.
Published: February 2007

Blood serum specimens from patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had never received chrysotherapy, patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had been receiving chrysotherapy for a period of 18 months or more and normal volunteers were analyzed by emission spectroscopy for eight trace elements. Compared with the normal volunteers, the mean concentrations of copper, molybdenum, manganese, tin, barium and cesium were elevated in blood serum from patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had never received chrysotherapy. Chrysotherapy resulted in a decrease in molybdenum, manganese, tin, barium and cesium. The mean concentrations (compared with the normal) of zinc and iron were lower in blood serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had never received gold therapy. Chrysotherapy had no apparent effect on iron or zinc.
Glomerular cytoplasmic tubular structures in renal biopsies of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other diseases
Authors: Hurd Eric R. , Eigenbrodt Edwin , Worthen Howard , Strunk Stanley S. , Ziff Morris
Published: February 2007

Virus‐like structures were present in all of 42 renal biopsies from 35 patients with SLE, five of whom had normal kidney tissue by light microscopy. Structures were also present in biopsies from 24 of 113 patients with renal disease other than SLE who had been selected at random. Fourteen of these were children, and three had normal kidney tissue by light microscopy. In biopsies from eight normal volunteers, there was no evidence of the structures. Although the structures were uniformly present in the kidneys of patients with SLE, they were not specific for SLE.
Azathioprine in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. A controlled study
Authors: Sztejnbok Maurice , Stewart Ann , Diamond Herbert , Kaplan David
Published: February 2007

Sixteen patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have been observed for from 1 to 4 years while taking prednisone plus azathioprine in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day and compared to 19 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus managed with prednisone alone for a similar period. Patients receiving azathioprine showed a decreased mortality and morbidity, required less daily prednisone than the control group, exhibited no increased tendency to develop infection, had fewer exacerbations of their disease and maintained better renal function. Discontinuation of the azathioprine was associated with severe exacerbations of disease. The toxicity of azathioprine was minimal.
Effects of colchicine on collagenase in cultures of rheumatoid synovium
Authors: Harris Edward D. , Krane Stephen M.
Published: February 2007

Rheumatoid synovium, cultured in vitro in media not enriched with serum, synthesized and released a specific collagenase. This enzyme appeared in measurable quantities only after three or more days of culture. Enzyme activity correlated well with hydroxyproline content in the culture media, indicating that extracellular matrix collagen in synovial explants was being degraded. Collagenase activity was found to be 2 to 10 times greater when colchicine (0.1 μg/ml) was added to the culture media. This stimulation of enzyme was dependent upon cells which could metabolize glucose and synthesize RNA; it was not dependent upon continued addition of colchicine to fresh culture media. Colchicine was found to depress 14CO2 production from glucose‐6‐14C, whereas lactate formation and 14CO2 evolution from glucose‐1‐14C were less markedly depressed. Mitotic figures were not seen in cells of tissue cultures in the absence of serum, nor was mitotic arrest observed in colchicine‐treated tissue. The effect of colchicine was not mediated by decreased degradation of the enzyme in culture nor by stimulation of release of stored enzyme, but was associated with an increase in radioactive leucine incorporation into several proteins synthesized by the cell, including collagenase.
Serum and synovial fluid IgG, IgA and IgM antigammaglobulins in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Panush Richard S. , Bianco Nicolas E. , Schur Peter H.
Published: February 2007

Antigammaglobulins of IgG, IgA and IgM classes were measured in normal individuals and in patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Serum IgG and IgA and synovial fluid IgG antigammaglobulin levels were significantly higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis than in other individuals, with highest levels occurring in patients with positive latex fixation tests. IgM antigammaglobulins were elevated only in patients with latex positive rheumatoid arthritis. Increased serum levels of IgG, IgA and IgM antigammaglobulins were each associated with clinical findings of severe rheumatoid arthritis. Increased levels of serum and synovial fluid IgG and IgM antigammaglobulins were each associated with diminished serum and synovial fluid complement levels.
Isoniazid acetylatlon rate and development of antinuclear antibodies upon isoniazid treatment
Authors: Alarcón‐Segovia Donato , Fishbein Eugenia , Alcalá Hilda
Published: February 2007

A large proportion of tuberculous patients on isoniazid develop antinuclear antibodies, and an occasional one may also develop overt systemic lupus erythematosus. To determine if the development of antinuclear antibodies in such patients is related to the rate of acetylation of the drug, which is determined phenotypically, we studied both isoniazid acetylation rate and serum antinuclear antibodies in tuberculous patients who had been on isoniazid. Of 153 such patients studied, 78 were phenotypically slow and 75 were phenotypically fast isoniazid acetylators. Antinuclear antibodies to whole nuclei, nucleoprotein, soluble nucleoprotein and isoniazid‐altered soluble nucleoprotein were detected by complement fixation tests more frequently in slow than in fast acetylators but this difference was not statistically significant. They also occurred more frequently in females than in males. Antinuclear antibodies that develop after prolonged isoniazid intake may be elicited by in vivo alteration of nucleoprotein by isoniazid and modestly influenced in their frequency by sex and by the pharmacogenetics of isoniazid.
Metabolism of the third component of complement (C3) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Weinstein Arthur , Peters Keith , Brown David , Bluestone Rodney
Published: February 2007

The metabolism of radioiodinated purified C3 was studied in 8 patients with classical seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, 1 patient with osteoarthritis, and 1 normal subject. An increased fractional catabolic rate and a decreased half‐life was found in 2 subjects. Both these patients showed evidence of rheumatoid necrotizing vasculitis, and these results suggest an immune‐mediated pathogenesis for this lesion. The high serum level of C3 found in some rheumatoid patients is due to an increased rate of C3 synthesis.
Septic arthritis, gout, pseudogout and osteoarthritis in the knee of a patient with multiple myeloma
Authors: Smith J. Robert , Phelps Paulding
Published: February 2007

This report describes a 79‐year‐old Negro woman with multiple myeloma in whom a pneumococcal infection occurred in a previously asymptomatic but severely osteoarthritic knee. Treatment with penicillin was associated with rapid partial resolution of the inflammation. Synovial fluid cultures initially contained a Type 22 pneumococcus but were negative after the first hospital day. On the eleventh hospital day, synovial aspirate revealed intra‐ and extracellular crystals not previously present. There were crystals with strong negative birefringence, digestible by uricase, which were morphologically typical of monosodium urate crystals. Also present were many monoclinic and triclinic crystals with weak positive birefringence, morphologically typical of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate. This patient's clinical course was consistent with the possibility that enzymes, released during the early septic process, digested cartilage matrix, releasing, into the joint space, crystals that had been deposited previously in a protected intracartilagenous site.
Immunopathologic Study of Sural Nerves in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Conn Doyt L. , McDuffie Frederic C. , Dyck Peter James
Published: February 2007

In 5 patients with rheumatoid neuropathy of vascular etiology, nerve fibers showed axonal degeneration. One patient with acute neuropathy, not receiving corticosteroids, had acute necrotizing arteritis; IgG, IgM, and β 1C, but not albumin, were found in vessel walls. Patients with chronic neuropathy who received corticosteroids before biopsy had proliferative endarteritis with fibrinogen but not immunoglobulins in the vessels. The proliferative endarteritis of rheumatoid arthritis probably represents the healed stage of an acute arteritis.
The γG subclass of antinuclear and antinucleic acid antibodies
Authors: Schur Peter H. , Monroe Margaret , Rothfield Naomi
Published: February 2007

Selected sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) were studied to determine the γG subclass in which the antibody activities were present. These sera were known to contain γG antibodies to nuclear antigens, cytoplasmic antigens or nucleic acids. Antibodies to DNA and those giving a peripheral pattern in the fluorescent antinuclear antibody test (ANF) primarily were of the γG1 and γG3 types; antibodies giving a speckled pattern primarily were of the γG3 type; and antibodies giving a diffuse pattern in the ANA test primarily were of the γG3 type, and less so of the γG1 type. These findings indicate: that antibodies to some nuclear antigens and nucleic acids may be restricted to certain γG subclasses; and that anti‐DNA antibodies, which have been most strongly associated with low serum complement levels and active lupus nephritis, are found primarily in those γG subclasses which fix complement most efficiently—namely, γG1 and γG3.
The influence of temperature on the solubility of monosodium urate
Authors: Loeb John N.
Published: February 2007

The limited solubility of monosodium urate in the presence of physiological sodium concentrations is shown to fall sharply with decreasing temperature. It is suggested that this phenomenon may play a role in determining the clinically observed distribution of tophi and the susceptibility of certain joints to acute gouty arthritis.
Adjuvant effects on poly I poly C in New Zealand mice
Authors: Jacobs M. E. , Steinberg A. D. , Gordon J. K. , Talal N.
Published: February 2007

The effects of polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly l poly C), a known adjuvant, were studied in New Zealand and C57B1/6 mice, using sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) as antigens. The control C57B1/6 mice showed a 3.1 to 6.7 fold increase in plaque forming cells (PFC) to SRBC when poly l poly C was given with the SRBC. The New Zealand mice (NZB/NZW F1 hybrids) showed very little increase in PFC with the poly l poly C. These studies suggest that the New Zealand mice are already maximally stimulated to respond to SRBC and that additional adjuvant cannot augment their response.
Susceptibility of cultures of rheumatoid tissues to rubella virus infection
Authors: Parker Michael D. , McCollum Donald E. , Kerby Grace P.
Published: February 2007

Previous reports by others of resistance of cultured rheumatoid synovial cells to experimental virus infection prompted extension of such studies to rheumatoid fibroblasts from other tissues. Strains of cells derived from rheumatoid skin, synovium and a nodule and from nonrheumatoid skin and synovium were inoculated in vitro with rubella virus (RV). All of the tissues studied proved equally susceptible to RV infection.
Noncytopathogenicity of rubella vaccine strain HPV‐77 for synovial cells
Authors: Ford Denys K.
Published: February 2007

The rubella vaccine strain HPV‐77 failed to produce a cytopathogenic effect in 6 rheumatoid and 13 nonrheumatoid synovial cell cultures, the inoculum dosage being 1 to 5 TCID50 per synovial cell.
The pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in experimental antigen‐induced arthritis. I. The role of antigen on the local immune response
Authors: Cooke T. Derek , Jasin Hugo E.
Published: February 2007

Using the model described by Dumonde and Glynn in which a chronic synovitis is induced by the intraarticular injection of antigen in previously immunized rabbits, marked chronic local synthesis of immunoglobulin comparable to that of lymph nodes and spleen was found as long as 6 weeks after the arthritis was induced. Between 30 and 40% of this newly synthesized immunoglobulin was accounted for as specific antibody to the locally injected antigen. Very low levels of synthesis were found in the spleen, control synovia and regional lymph nodes not draining immunized sites. The circulating antibody levels at the time of induction showed a positive correlation (r = 0.66) with the severity of the subsequent histologic findings in the synovium. The fate of the intraarticular antigen was studied in arthritic and control animals. There was a selective local retention of antigen in animals previously immunized with the homologous antigen. The retained intraarticular antigen was eliminated very slowly, with a half‐life of over 20 days. These data indicate that the chronic synovial inflammatory response is associated with a chronic local immune response in which prolonged active synthesis of immunoglobulin and specific antibody directed against the locally retained inducing antigen takes place.
Gold metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with gold compounds—reinvestigated
Authors: Mascarenhas Bento R. , Granda Jose Luis , Freyberg Richard H.
Published: February 2007

Absorption of gold from injected sites occurs rapidly, reaching its peak in blood between 4 and 6 hours. In plasma, 95% of gold is bound to albumin. Three patients that were studied from the beginning of weekly therapy showed a progressive stepwise rise in plasma gold levels up to the sixth week. Urinary excretion was greatest during the first day postinjection while fecal excretion was greatest during the middle of the week. The blood levels, as well as excretion, varied from patient to patient. Patients on maintenance therapy excreted 39, 16, 12 and 10% of the injected dose in the first, second, third and fourth weeks postinjection, respectively. There were no significant differences in blood gold levels in patients who showed a good therapeutic response, no therapeutic benefit or toxicity.
Synovitis of recent onset. A clinicopathologic study during the first month of disease
Authors: Schumacher H. Ralph , Kitridou Rodanthi C.
Published: February 2007

Nine of 24 patients studied during the first month of synovitis subsequently fulfilled diagnostic criteria for adult or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Most showed prominent synovial vascular lesions and inflammation that rarely included plasma cells. Rheumatoid factor titers were low, but gammaglobulin levels were often elevated. Synovial fluid leukocyte counts were generally lower than in chronic RA, and synovial membrane inflammation was seen even with noninflammatory effusions. Nine patients had a transient synovitis not fitting any known disease entity.
The effect of systemic corticosteroids on rabbit articular cartilage
Authors: Mankin Henry J. , Zarins Antra , Jaffe William L.
Published: February 2007

Rabbits were treated for up to 9 weeks with daily doses of cortisone. Cartilage from the distal femur was studied biochemically at regular intervals, and no change in the content of DNA but a significant and progressive decline in the concentration of hexosamine were noted. In vitro incorporation of 35SO4 and 3H‐glycine was depressed markedly. Because the test animals lost 25% of their body weight, a separate group of starved controls were studied and the changes noted were similar to those seen with corticoid treatment but were not as marked.
Reticulohistiocytosis. Remission after cyclophosphamide therapy
Authors: Hanauer Lonnie B.
Published: February 2007

A 57‐year‐old woman developed joint pain, deformity and cutaneous nodules. Reticulohistiocytosis was diagnosed after skin biopsy. Nodule formation and progressive arthritis continued for almost 2 years but appeared to cease when treatment with cyclophosphamide began.