bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VECTOR FIELD GUIDANCE LAW FOR CURVED PATH FOLLOWING OF AN UNDERACTUATED AUTONOMOUS SHIP MODEL
Authors: Xu Haitong , Guedes Soares C
Published: December 2021

A vector field guidance law and control system for curved path following of an underactuated surface ship model is presented in this paper. In order to obtain the curved path, continuous derivatives piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation is applied for path generation based on the predefined waypoints. A heading autopilot controller is designed based on 2nd order Nomoto’s model and its stability is guaranteed by the Diagram of Vyshnegradsky method. The parameters of Nomoto model are estimated using least square support vector machine based on the manoeuvring tests. The vector field guidance law is applied for both straight and curved path-following control of an underactuated surface ship model. In order to demonstrate the performance, the classical guidance law based on line-of-sight, is adopted for comparison. The results show that the vector field method is capable to solve the guidance problem of underactuated surface ships.
A STUDY INTO THE COATING THICKNESS OF SHIP BALLAST TANKS
Authors: Willemen R , Luyckx D , Meskens R , Lenaerts S , De Baere K
Published: December 2021

Ballast tanks are expected to be coated according to the IMO Performance Standard for Protective Coating regulations (PSPC15), in addition to the paint application requirements of the paint producer. In general, a coating system should consist of minimum two spray coats of light-colored epoxy coating on flat surfaces with a Nominal total Dry Film Thickness (NDFT) of 320 μm and 90% of all thickness measurements greater than, or equal to the NDFT and none of the remaining measurements below 0.9 x NDFT (the “90/10 rule”). Allegedly, the value of 320 μm in this PSPC15 rule may be misconstrued as a benchmark for coating application on flat surfaces, eventually leading to a non-PSPC15 compliance due to the resulting variation in coating thickness violating this 90/10 rule. This study indicates that over the years, the arithmetic mean in-situ DFT appears to be 498±18 μm and that too high and low thicknesses, below 288 μm and above 800 μm, were noted in the field. Analysis of a survey of ballast tank coating performance of ships indicates that too low thicknesses appear to be negatively impacting the average theoretical ballast tank performance. However, when an application mean DFT benchmark of 525 μm is used, the coating will almost surely comply to the 90/10 rule and the risk of falling below the 288 μm threshold is small, less than 2% in most cases. Consequently, using 320 μm as a mean DFT benchmark could result in a non-PSPC15 compliance with the in-situ ascertained coating thickness variation as this does not exclude coating thicknesses below 288 μm, which may then result in a significantly less than average theoretical coating performance. If the coating application is performed very evenly, the benchmark may be reduced to 429 μm with a probability of falling below 288 μm reduced to 0.1%. It should therefore be emphasized that the PSPC15 requirement is a coating system framework description, and that the requirement should be broadened to include a mean DFT as a coating applicator benchmark together with a clearly specified minimum and maximum DFT, in order to avoid any misinterpretations.
EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL HAZARDS OF SHIP-GENERATED WASTE IN MARITIME INDUSTRY USING A TYPE-2 FUZZY ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS
Authors: Celik E , Soner O , Akyuz E , Arslan O
Published: December 2021

Ships create a large amount of pollutions to marine and coastal environment where its pollutants have negative effects to human and maritime habitat. Depending on the nature of ship-generated waste, rules and regulations determine discharging procedures. This paper focuses on evaluating of potential hazards of ship-generated wastes on the environment whether it may be discharged into the sea or disposed of on port facilities. Thus, marine and costal environmental effects can be discussed analytically to improve human and ecological health. To achieve this purpose, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) extended with interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs) is used. While AHP method is used for prioritizing the potential ship- generated waste, the IT2FSs deal with uncertainty and vagueness in the process of obtaining expert decision. Beside assessment of the environmental impacts, the paper contributes to enhance coastal and marine environmental awareness with respect to the ship-generated waste.
WHY YACHT RUDDERS BREAK
Authors: Klaka K
Published: December 2021

For most sailing yachts, losing a rudder is probably the most catastrophic structural failure other than losing the keel. Rudder failure happens with distressing regularity. This paper examines the hypothesis that the underlying reason is design failure. There are many qualitative decisions to be taken in the design calculation process. Example calculations are presented which show that the maximum rudder force generated in steady state conditions is easily underestimated. For a typical spade rudder of a typical modern production sailing yacht, the normal rudder force should be calculated using a boat speed of at least 125% hull speed, and a force coefficient of at least 1.3. Care must be taken in selecting an appropriate value for the allowable stress of the material used for the stock.
O futebol de domingo e as práticas de lazer de União do Oeste e Irati
Authors: Moretto Samira , Risso Claudia Valmorbida
Published: December 2021

A colonização iniciada no Oeste de Santa Catarina, no século XX, contribuiu para a organização da sociedade, e posteriormente para suas permanências em determinadas regiões. Cada grupo social que ali se alocou, passou a formar as comunidades, que abrigavam redes de relações, as quais iam desde a divisão de tarefas cotidianas até a organizações mais complexas que envolviam vários atores. Dessas atribuições cotidianas surgiram também as práticas do lazer - que se tornaram facilitadores frente às dificuldades e desafios encontrados. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as práticas de lazer, em especial a importância do futebol nos atuais municípios de União do Oeste e Irati – no oeste de Santa Catarina –, entre as décadas de 1960 a 1980. Para atingir este objetivo, que será analisado através do viés da História social, foram utilizadas as seguintes fontes: entrevistas, iconografia, periódicos regionais, entre outros. Pode-se perceber que nessas comunidades, formadas por migrantes de origem europeia, o futebol era considerado a prática de lazer coletiva e narrada pelos moradores como atividade que vinha para contribuir nas organizações e na manutenção das práticas cotidianas dos grupos que habitam o Oeste de Santa Catarina.
Desmediatização, Infodemia e fake news na cultura digital
Authors: Hissa Débora Liberato Arruda
Published: December 2021

Neste artigo, discuto o fenômeno da desmediatização (HAN, 2017; 2018) e sua relação direta com pandemia de informação (Infodemia) e a antiquíssima prática social, com base política e econômica, de divulgação de notícias falsas (modernamente conhecidas como fake news) como consequência da vulgarização de opiniões disruptivas propagadas pela cultura digital. Com base na abordagem antagonística de Mouffe (2015) – que reconhece a inerradicabilidade da dimensão conflituosa da vida social, proponho olhar a disseminação de fake news, tanto na mídia como nas redes sociais, a partir de uma dimensão ideológica de forças pulsionais que mobiliza paixões e crenças; cria mitos e fantasias apoiada em uma moralidade forjada na narrativa antitética do nós/eles. Para isso, analiso dois contextos enunciativos distintos: o primeiro se refere à divulgação pela mídia, em 2011, primeiro ano de mandato de Dilma Rousseff (PT), da notícia de que o MEC chancelou a distribuição de material didático que defende e estimula erros de concordância verbal no ensino de Língua Portuguesa; o segundo, dez anos depois, em 2021, na gestão de Jair Bolsonaro (sem partido), a notícia da proposta de reforma eleitoral, apresentada pela câmara dos deputados, que dificulta as plataformas digitais de punirem candidatos que divulguem fake news nas eleições de 2022. Tais eventos explicam como narrativas desmediatizadas sustentam e recriam o antagonismo estrutural como ponto fundante das sociedades modernas e se potencializam na cultural digital.
A formação do leitor no contexto da desinformação e das fake news: desafios para os estudos de letramentos na pandemia da covid-19 e além
Authors: Assis Juliana Alves , Komesu Fabiana , Pollet Marie-Christine
Published: December 2021

Resumo
Implementation of a PID Type Sliding-Mode Controller Design Based on Fractional Order Calculus for Industrial Process System
Authors: Ayten Kagan Koray , Dumlu Ahmet
Published: December 2021

This paper is devoted to designing a fractional order Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) type sliding mode control method (FO-PIDSMC) for a non-linear liquid level coupled tank process system. By considering the individual advantages of the FO calculus and PID type SMC method, this proposed FO-PIDSMC technique is designed to integrate the FO calculus method with PID type SMC scheme to obtain an accurate and robust liquid level tracking in terms of the predefined reference trajectory. The real-time experimental results of the proposed controller suggest a dramatic improvement over the traditional process system controller methods in both trajectory tracking and required control action.
Dienstzeugnisse der Bundeswehr
Authors: Wimmer Hans Peter , Wiehn Matthias
Published: December 2021

Dienstzeugnisse verstehen – Bewerbungserfolg sichern

Die Qualität und Aussagekraft eines Dienstzeugnisses hat maßgeblichen Einfluss auf den Einstieg von Soldaten in das zivile Berufsleben.

Die Arbeitshilfe Dienstzeugnisse der Bundeswehr führt Schritt für Schritt zum qualifizierten Dienstzeugnis. Zentrale Fragestellungen sind:

Dienstzeugnis und Bewerbungserfolg

Verantwortung des Zeugnisschreibers

Darstellung und Nutzen militärischer Lehrgänge

Tätigkeits und Aufgabenbeschreibungen

Prioritätensetzung

Sonderfälle im Blick

Empfehlungen und Zeugnisbeispiele erleichtern den rechtssicheren Umgang mit der schwierigen Materie des Beurteilungswesens.
Stellenbeschreibung für den öffentlichen und kirchlichen Dienst
Authors: Richter Achim , Gamisch Annett , Mohr Thomas
Published: December 2021

Eingruppierungen erfolgreich vorbereiten!

Die Stellenbeschreibung spielt eine zentrale Rolle bei der Personalarbeit; sie ist Voraussetzung für jede Eingruppierung – auch nach den neuen Entgeltordnungen im TVöDVKA, TVöDBund und TVL – und ein wichtiges Organisations und Führungsmittel.

Das PraxisHandbuch Stellenbeschreibung für den öffentlichen und kirchlichen Dienst erläutert, wie Stellenbeschreibungen erfolgreich eingeführt und gepflegt werden.

Inhalt und Aufbau von Stellenbeschreibungen

Verfahren, Dauer und Kosten der Einführung und Pflege

Formulierungshilfen gemäß Tarifrecht

Organisatorische sowie tarif, individual und kollektivrechtliche Hintergründe und Zusammenhänge
BPersVG Novelle 2021: Das neue Personalvertretungsgesetz des Bundes
Authors: Wolf Helmuth
Published: December 2021

Verbessert. Zukunftsfähig. Rechtssicher

Das BPersVG ist 1974 in Kraft getreten. Innerhalb von 47 Jahren gab es zahlreiche gesellschaftliche und rechtliche Veränderungen, Entwicklungen und Reformen die eine Novellierung in Form eines Ablösungsgesetzes erforderlich machten. Über eine neue Struktur und Systematik soll die Verständlichkeit und Anwenderfreundlichkeit verbessert werden. Zudem kam es zu einer sprachlichen und rechtsförmlichen Überarbeitung, überholte Rechtsvorschriften wurden gestrichen sowie die aktuelle Rechtsprechung des BVerfG und BVerwG berücksichtigt. Das erleichtert die praktische Rechtsanwendung.

Schwerpunkte der inhaltlichen Änderungen sind:

Vermeidung personalratsloser Zeiten und Schaffung von Übergangsmandaten u. a. bei Umstrukturierungen

Verbesserte und rechtssichere Nutzung digitaler Möglichkeiten in der Personalratsarbeit

Zeitliche Flexibilisierung im Beteiligungsverfahren durch Fristabsprachen

Schaffung neuer und Präzisierung bestehender Mitbestimmungstatbestände

Aufnahme der bisher informell bestehenden Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Hauptpersonalräte in das Gesetz mit eingeschränkten Befugnissen

Die neue Arbeitshilfe BPersVG Novelle 2021: Das neue Personalvertretungsgesetz des Bundes hilft bei der Einarbeitung in das neue Gesetz und eignet sich hervorragend für Personalratsschulungen.

Mit Hilfe der absatzgenauen Gegenüberstellung des alten und neuen Wortlauts und der optischen Hervorhebung der Änderungen ist schnell erkennbar, was künftig gilt.

Orientierungshinweise zum jeweiligen Paragrafen verdeutlichen, auf welcher neuen Grundlagen eine vertrauensvolle Zusammenarbeit zwischen Dienststelle und Personalvertretung zum Wohl der Beschäftigten stattfinden soll.

Das Stichwortverzeichnis ermöglicht ein schnelles Auffinden der neuen Regelungen.
Ausländerrecht, Migrations und Flüchtlingsrecht
Authors:   Walhalla Fachredaktion
Published: December 2021

Das Regelwerk des Zuwanderungsrechts: kompakt – handlich – umfassend!
Aufenthalts und Freizügigkeitsrecht:

AufenthaltsG, AufenthaltsVO, IntegrationskursVO, IntegrationskurstestVO, DeutschsprachfördererVO, DaueraufenthaltsRL, FreizügigkeitsG/EU, FreizügigkeitsRL, Freizügigkeitsabkommen EGSchweiz, AusländerzentralregisterG mit DurchführungsVO, VisaWarndateiGAsylrecht und Internationaler Schutz:

Genfer Konvention, EUAufnahmeRL, QualifikationsRL, AsylverfahrensRL, DublinIIIVO, AsylzuständigkeitsbestimmungsVO, AsylG, AnkunftsnachweisVO, AsylbewerberleistungsG, RL Arbeitsmarktprogramm FlüchtlingsintegrationsmaßnahmenStaatsangehörigkeitsrecht:

StaatsangehörigkeitsG, Übereinkommen zur Verminderung der Staatenlosigkeit und Rechtsstellung Heimatloser, BundesvertriebenenG, EinbürgerungstestVOSchengenRecht:

Schengener Grenzkodex mit Durchführungsübereinkommen, Übertrittsgenehmigung kleiner Grenzverkehr, RückführungsRLEUVisarecht:

EUVisumVO, Visum für den längerfristigen Aufenthalt, EUVisakodexArbeitserlaubnis, Beschäftigung:

SGB III (Auszug), BeschäftigungsVO, Abkommen EWG/Türkei (ARB 1/80), BerufsqualifikationsfeststellungsG

Rechtsstand: 1. März 2021
Jahrbuch Nachhaltigkeit 2021
Authors:   metropolitan Fachredaktion
Published: December 2021

Der Erdüberlastungstag, der Tag, an dem alle nutzbaren Ressourcen für das Jahr erschöpft sind, verlagert sich jedes Jahr nach vorn. Energie, Wasser, Rohstoffe – wir verbrauchen zu viel. Mit dem Green Deal hat Europa den Ressourcenschutz neben dem Klimaschutz auf die Agenda gehoben. Der ambitionierte Aktionsplan will die Transformation zur Kreislaufwirtschaft und Klimaneutralität erreichen. Packen wir es an!

Das Jahrbuch Nachhaltigkeit 2021 bietet aktuelle Informationen, Orientierung und wertvolle Impulse für den Einstieg in das betriebliche CSRManagement.

Beiträge über neue Entwicklungen wie Kreislaufwirtschaft, Circular Economy, Green Deal, Recycling, unternehmerische Sorgfaltspflicht, Lieferkettengesetz, Biodiversität und Artenschutz, EMAS u.v.m.

BestPracticeBeispiele aus Unternehmen: AfB gGmbH, ASSMANN Büromöbel, BSR, edding, Dibella und Werner & Mertz

hilfreiche Initiativen, Organisationen und Netzwerke

wichtige Awards & Zertifikate

Glossar relevanter Begriffe
Empirical Rainfall Thresholds for Landslide Occurrence in Serra do Mar, Angra dos Reis, Brazil
Authors: Germain Daniel , Roy Sébastien , Jose Teixera Guerra Antonio
Published: December 2021

In the tropical environment such as Brazil, the frequency of rainfall-induced landslides is particularly high because of the rugged terrain, heavy rainfall, increasing urbanization, and the orographic effect of mountain ranges. Since such landslides repeatedly interfere with human activities and infrastructures, improved knowledge related to spatial and temporal prediction of the phenomenon is of interest for risk management. This study is an analysis of empirical rainfall thresholds, which aims to establish local and regional scale correlations between rainfall and the triggering of landslides in Angra dos Reis in the State of Rio de Janeiro. A statistical analysis combining quantile regression and binary logistic regression was performed on 1640 and 526 landslides triggered by daily rainfall over a 6-year period in the municipality and the urban center of Angra dos Reis, in order to establish probabilistic rainfall duration thresholds and assess the role of antecedent rainfall. The results show that the frequency of landslides is highly correlated with rainfall events, and surprisingly the thresholds in dry season are lower than those in wet season. The aspect of the slopes also seems to play an important role as demonstrated by the different thresholds between the southern and northern regions. Finally, the results presented in this study provide new insight into the spatial and temporal dynamics of landslides and rainfall conditions leading to their activation in this tropical and mountainous environment.
Analysis of Methods Used to Diagnostics of Railway Lines
Authors: Izvoltova Jana , Izvolt Libor , Sestakova Janka
Published: December 2021

Complex diagnostics of railway lines involves techniques based on discrete and continual data acquisition. While discrete measurements belong to conventional methods, the modern continual ones use automated robotized instruments with continuous recording. Observations have become more time-efficient, but the processing epoch has become longer to evaluate a large number of data. Railway line diagnostics is realized by relative methods lead to determine relative track parameters as the track gauge, elevation, and track gradients and absolute, geodetic techniques determine directional and height ratios of the track, defined in a global coordinate and height system.
On Parametrizations of State Feedbacks and Static Output Feedbacks and Their Applications
Authors: Peretz Yossi
Published: December 2021

In this chapter, we provide an explicit free parametrization of all the stabilizing static state feedbacks for continuous-time Linear-Time-Invariant (LTI) systems, which are given in their state-space representation. The parametrization of the set of all the stabilizing static output feedbacks is next derived by imposing a linear constraint on the stabilizing static state feedbacks of a related system. The parametrizations are utilized for optimal control problems and for pole-placement and exact pole-assignment problems.
Dairy Farming Innovations for Productivity Enhancement
Authors: Nimbalkar Vidya , Kumar Verma Harish , Singh Jaswinder
Published: December 2021

Dairy farming innovations’ implementation at every farmer’s farm is the present day need; during the era of scarce natural resources coupled with population explosion, putting obvious pressure for more food production. Milk, produced from every single farm at micro level, is contributing to global economy at macro level. Dairy sector is facing the challenge of low animal productivity due to ineffective and poor farm management. This provides a big window for different innovations application to enhance animal productivity in developing nations where majority dairy farms are small scale and managed on traditional practices. Farm innovations are the novel practices/products/techniques suitable for particular area, physiological stage of animals and economically viable option to enhance the animals’ per diem yield. Despite the prevalence of innovations, the scenario for its applicability is very dismal, majority of them are yet to reach masses at root level. Farmers’ demographic, social and economic characteristics including adoption behavior, act as major impeding factors affecting impact of innovations. In this chapter, information on low cost and user friendly dairy farming innovations suitable for all kinds of farms, maintained under rural conditions existing in different tropical countries have been detailed for enhancing the animal productivity and henceforth farmers’ socio-economic welfare.
Gene Signature-Based Drug Repositioning
Authors: Jia Zhilong , Song Xinyu , Shi Jinlong , Wang Weidong , He Kunlun
Published: December 2021

With the advent of dynamical omics technology, especially the transcriptome and proteome, a huge amount of data related to various diseases and approved drugs are available under multi global projects or researches with their interests. These omics data and new machine learning technology largely promote the translation of drug research into clinical trials. We will cover the following topics in this chapter. 1) An introduction to the basic discipline of gene signature-based drug repurposing; 2) databases of genes, drugs and diseases; 3) gene signature databases of the approved drugs; 4) gene signature databases of various diseases; 5) gene signature-based methods and tools for drug repositioning; 6) new omics technology for drug repositioning; 7) drug repositioning examples with reproducible code. And finally, discuss the future trends and conclude.
Basics of Good Business Plan for Small-Scale Agribusiness Investors in Nigeria
Authors: Momoh Mustapha , Aturu-Aghedo Caroline , Usman Bature Nana
Published: December 2021

This chapter provides a synthesis of planning small-scale entrepreneurial skills to guide the current and prospective micro investors to harness wide ranges of agribusiness value chains in Nigeria. This initiative considered alternatives in business strategic options to harness the potentials therein, which involve production, distribution, processing of agricultural products and services integration for converting agricultural outputs for regular and timely supply of domestic and international needs. The current outcry for economic diversification couple with high rate of unemployment in Nigeria requires concerted efforts to boost the agriculture sector as a viable alternative for growth and development. Suffices to say, most agribusiness investors more often than not, experience failure because of the dearth of requisite business skills for planning the survival and growth of small-scale agribusinesses in the face of modern realities. In this wise, the chapter brings the benefits such as risk mitigation, cost savings, and income generation through combination of known production planning and business management skills. The chapter adopts discursive taxonomy, interpolating elicited facts from available literature plus the knowledge of ‘on-the-job-experience’ to promote and support the development of agribusinesses strategy for the transformation of the agriculture sector to generate employment, income, and promote food security, and competitiveness in the marketplaces.
Genetic Variation and Aflatoxin Accumulation Resistance among 36 Maize Genotypes Evaluated in Ghana
Authors: Mustapha Dadzie Abu , Oppong Allen , Obeng-Bio Ebenezer , L. Warburton Marilyn
Published: December 2021

Aflatoxins are carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced predominantly by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus. The toxin contaminate maize grains and threatens human food safety. Survey in Ghana revealed aflatoxin contamination of maize in excess of 941 ppb which is way beyond WHO and USA approved limits of 15 ppb and 20 ppb respectively. Host plant resistance is considered as the best strategy for reducing aflatoxins. This study was designed to (1) identify and select suitable maize lines that combine aflatoxin accumulation resistance and good agronomic traits under tropical conditions and (2) assess the genetic diversity among the exotic and locally adapted maize genotypes using significant morphological traits. Thirty-six maize genotypes, 19 from Mississippi State University, USA and 17 locally adapted genotypes in Ghana were evaluated for aflatoxin accumulation resistance and good agronomic characteristics across six contrasting environments using a 6x6 lattice design with three replicates. Five plants each per genotype were inoculated with a local strain of Aspergillus flavus inoculum at a concentration of 9 x 107/3.4 ml, two weeks after 50% mid silking. Total aflatoxin in the kernels were determined at harvest using HPLC method. Statistical analysis for agronomic traits and aflatoxin levels were performed using PROC GLM procedure implemented in SAS. The result indicated that genotype by environment interaction was significant (p < 0.05) for aflatoxin accumulation resistance and many other agronomic traits. Five genotypes (MP715, NC298, MP705, MP719, CML287 and TZEEI- 24) consistently displayed stable resistance across the environments and may serve as suitable candidates for developing aflatoxin resistant hybrids. Cluster analysis showed two distinct groups (locally adapted and exotic genotypes), an indication of re-cycled alleles per region. Broad sense heritability estimates for grain yield and aflatoxin accumulation resistance were moderately high, which could permit transfer of traits during hybrid development.
Exploring the Tension between the Rights of the Child and Parental Rights: Voices from Ghana
Authors: Adonteng-Kissi Obed
Published: December 2021

The principle of “best interests of the child” is firmly established in legal jurisprudence and has taken a firm hold on several domestic and global instruments. Generally, the courts rely on this principle in many cases of child custody, child work, child labour, and compulsory education. The norm of best interests of the child seems to be placed at the core of international law in relation to children’s rights by Article 3(1) of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). Nevertheless, there is no one universal “best interests of the child” norm owing to cultural variations. In Ghana, this raises issues of conflicts between expectations in the rights and duties of the parent and the right of the child as expressed in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) and offers a genuine opportunity for reform. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) adopted the rights of the child that can be classified into three groups: protection rights, provision rights, and participation rights. It appears the best interests of the child is at the centre of international children’s rights law which is articulated through Article 3(1) of the UNCRC. Presently, the advocacy of a child’s right to welfare grounded on human dignity has generated the present discussion on the rights of the child. Article 18 of the UNCRC provides that parents have a shared and core responsibility for the nurturing of their children and that in undertaking their child upbringing responsibilities, appropriate support shall be offered to parents and legal guardians by State Parties. Usually, the variation between children’s rights and parental rights, nonetheless, is not acknowledged by the UNCRC. Furthermore, the UNCRC views children to be competent individuals who should be an essential component of decision-making on issues affecting them. The parent/child contrast demonstrates that there is the need for cooperation that protects the rights of the child, the parent and defines the role of the state. There is the need to explore the best legal and judicial processes for realising this cooperation.
Influence of the Basal Metabolic Profile on the Evolution of the Pediatric Patient with Obesity
Authors: Fernández Belén , Sarasua Miranda Ainhoa , Lorente Blázquez Isabel , Diez López Ignacio
Published: December 2021

Childhood obesity is a problem of growing importance globally. It is associated with significant health problems. Knowing how to treat it effectively would improve the quality of life of these children. The aim of this chapter is to study how basal metabolism influences the somatometric evolution of the child and adolescent population with obesity in a pediatric endocrinology clinic. Study childhood obesity in a tertiary hospital by means of a multichannel impedanceometry study. All the patients had a basal metabolism lower than the calculated theoretical ideal. In overall terms, weight reduction is not achieved in this pediatric population. However, it is observed a decrease in fat content in the medium term (1-3 years). Bioelectrical impedanceometry measurement is a simple method in clinical practice to evaluate the energy consumption and the body composition. Knowing the body composition of these children would help to intervene more effectively to help control obesity and its health consequences.
The Applicability of Internet Voting in Africa
Authors: Sambo Paul
Published: December 2021

The covid-19 pandemic has brought about new ways of conducting business through the use of Information Communication Technologies and elections have not been spared either. Internet voting is another form of strengthening democracy through the use of Information Communication Technologies. Africa lags in the implementation of electronic voting, especially Internet voting. This chapter applied a critical socio-technical analysis that analyses factors that influence the applicability of Internet voting within the African context. The researcher applied desktop research which included 30 journals to gather data from the Internet and other documentation sources. The findings reveal that decision-makers can partially implement Internet voting in some of the countries in Africa like Kenya, Libya, Nigeria, Morocco, Mauritius, Tunisia, and Seychelles. To successfully implement Internet voting, the decision-makers in African nations have to fully invest in the Information Communication Technology infrastructure, provide the necessary security, legislation and carry out intensive voter education to build trust among voters.
Porušení bezpečnosti osobních údajů v kontextu internetu věcí
Authors: Kasl František
Published: December 2021

The goal of this research was to assess, if the current legal framework of obligations related to personal data breach under GDPR are purposefully applicable also in the context of internet of things and if so, then which changes can help to overcome eventual discovered challenges or obstacles to it. This issue is studied from four perspectives. The introduction to the topic is from the cyber security perspective. The term personal data breach is defined and explained in relation to the term security incident. Next are presented possible forms of personal data breach, offered evidence for the scope and frequency of this phenomenon and outlined the future trend of its development. Pursuant to that the potential harm for individuals from personal data breach is explained. After that, the topic is approached from the legal perspective. Within it is presented a comprehensive analysis of the legal frameworks with obligations aimed at prevention or mitigation of personal data breach in the EU, as well as in the United States. These are then discussed with the aim to identify challenges and limits applicable to them. The next chapter introduces the impact of technological change of the context, which is defined by the term internet of things. The attention is focused on the new challenges, which are brought by it to personal data processing. The variety of situations, which fall under this term, is captured through three partial scenarios: automated machine-to-machines communication, smart city environment and change in the role of microenterprises. These views are completed with an economic perspective. This is used for modelling the decision-making of the obliged parties regarding their compliance with the obligations related to personal data breach. Subsequently, the presented perspectives are merged, the obtained findings regarding personal data breach in the context of internet of things are summarized and then the possible solutions for the discovered challenges of compliance with the respective obligations are discussed.
Political Realism and Epistemic Constraints
Authors: Aytac Ugur ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: December 2021

This article argues that Bernard Williams’ Critical Theory Principle (CTP) is in tension with his realist commitments, i.e., deriving political norms from practices that are inherent to political life. The Williamsian theory of legitimate state power is based on the central importance of the distinction between political rule and domination. Further, Williams supplements the normative force of his theory with the CTP, i.e., the principle that acceptance of a justification regarding power relations ought not to be created by the very same coercive power. I contend that the CTP is an epistemic criterion of reflective (un)acceptability which is not strictly connected to the question of whether people are dominated or not. I show that there are cases of non-domination that fail the epistemic requirements of the CTP.
Danger, dirt and degenerates: The rebellious act of creativity
Authors: Morris Alice
Published: December 2021

Creativity: a word often associated with fun, colour and play, a sentiment reflected in companies attempting to recreate it for profit. ‘Selfie museums’ (exhibition spaces in which social media influencers can take ‘selfies’ in aesthetically pleasing environments) like the Wondr Experience litter their spaces with similar childlike aesthetics, with the superficial goal of fostering creativity, but resulting in an endless stream of identical Instagram posts and more crucially, ticket sales. This paper reveals a darker and more authentic side to creativity, proposing that discomfort is an essential ingredient. The cute spaces for ‘plandids’ (planned candid photographs) and the beanbags and beer fridges of hipster design studios are juxtaposed by the revelation that to engage in creative thought you have to be in a state of apprehension. Graphic designers often follow the security of grids designed by the likes of Josef Müller-Brockman; however, the piece suggests that these methods lie within the realms of comfort. This tendency for playing it safe is possibly because of the consumerist society we live in – not many designers can afford to take risks because failure means no pay cheque. In such a manner, the paper concludes with the suggestion that due to our cultural context, creativity is observed as an act of rebellion.   
Development of a rapid diagnostic test for the detection of antibodies or antigens to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Authors: Elliff James
Published: December 2021

The global health crisis caused by COVID-19 has overwhelmed both healthcare settings and economies globally. While mass population testing has improved drastically, recent reviews of existing methods have highlighted various shortcomings with these methods. The aim of this project was to investigate whether the LAA could be modified and utilised as a rapid detection test which either matched or exceeded the existing sensitivity and specificity values.   The latex agglutination assay (LAA) investigated whether the COVID-19 spike protein could be detected in samples. COVID-19-specific  IgM and IgG were used in conjunction with a series of non-specific antigens. Control or AG-containing samples were mixed with AB-microsphere complexes on glass microscope slides. Manual visualisation identified various levels of agglutination. Light microscopy and spectrophotometry at 405 nm determined that the LAA could detect at least 2.3 ng of spike protein.  The particle-counting tool of ImageJ was utilised to obtain a data set which was subjected to statistical analysis which indicated that there was a significant difference between control samples and live tests, P = 0.000102 for the spike protein assay and P = 0.254 for the non-specific assay respectively. The results obtained fell in line with a similar study conducted by Buffin et al. in 2018. The analytical methods used in this project twinned with data obtained in previous studies supports the significant difference between control values and live test values. The LAA is easier, quicker to use (results in ≤ 30 minutes) and cheaper, with potentially better sensitivity to existing methods. This could benefit high- and low-income countries alike upon further research and optimisation. 
Revisión sistemática de la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (HADS) en muestras mexicanas. ¿Debemos regresar al principio?
Authors: Franco-Paredes Karina , Castro-López Violeta R.
Published: December 2021

Systematic review of the psychometric properties of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)in Mexican samples: Should we go back to the beginning
Abstract: A systematic review was run in order to find validation studies on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in Mexican samples. Specialized databases and referencia sections of some articles were searched to locate this evidence. We found 10 articles that analyzed the psychometric properties of the HADS. The analysis showed that in all of the studies reliability was adequate and generally a two-factor structure could be supported. Nevertheless, we identified five different versions of the HADS and did not find any information about the translation process. In conclusion, the adequate internal consistency of the HADS could be confirmed but regarding the two-factor structure and cut-off points evidence is not conclusive.
Key words: HADS; reliability; validity; psychometric properties; Mexico.
Resumen: El propósito de esta investigación fue realizar una revisión sistemática de los estudios de validación de las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (HADS) en muestras mexicanas. Se realizó una búsqueda en bases de datos especializadas y en las referencias de los artículos. Se encontraron 10 estudios en los que se analizaron las propiedades psicométricas de la HADS. El análisis mostró que en todas las invesigaciones se evaluó la fiabilidad y ésta fue adecuada; en general, los estudios apoyan una estructura de dos factores. Sin embargo, se identificaron cinco versiones diferentes de la HADS y no se encontró información sobre cómo se realizó la traducción. En conclusión, se confirma que la consistencia interna de la HADS es adecuada, si bien los estudios apoyan la estructura de dos factores la evidencia no es concluyente, como tampoco lo es respecto a los puntos de corte.
Palabras clave: HADS; fiabilidad; validez; propiedades psicométricas; México.
Being the infidelity partner: Narratives of lived experiences in an online support group
Authors: Ntali Evdokia , Christakis Nicolas
Published: December 2021

Taking into account the secretive nature of infidelity experiences and their adverse impact on the involved partners, the aim of the present qualitative study was to examine how individuals—who have been engaged in extradyadic relationships, as “affair partners”—narrate their experiences in an online support group. The study analyzed 60 posts, published over a period of 6 months in an online support community. Three main themes emerged through the thematic analysis conducted. The first theme involved conflicting dimensions of affair partner experience, in which the following sub-themes were identified: 1) living in the shadow of loss, and 2) the prevalence of ambivalence: when opposite impulses coexist. The second theme refers to the centripetal aspects of the relationship and within this section the following sub-themes are defined: 1) the relationship as a supportive environment and 2) between plenitude and dearth: the desire for exclusivity. Finally, the third theme refers to the lessons learned by the affair partners and their generalizing conclusions such experiences. The present study underlines how group participants reconstruct their experiences of extradyadic relationships and how they create new ways of meaning making about them. The findings involve reflexive conclusions about intimate relationships capturing elements of broader cultural narratives, representations and dilemmas of self and relationships, as presented in written transactions in online support groups.
De las Building Societies al Crédito Recíproco: una aproximación al ahorro y préstamo para viviendas en Argentina, 1935-1949
Authors: Gomez Juan Lucas
Published: December 2021

Este artículo se enmarca dentro de una investigación que estudia la evolución del mercado de crédito para viviendas en Argentina entre 1930 y 1955. En particular se ocupa de analizar el funcionamiento de las sociedades de Crédito Recíproco debido a su significativa gravitación en el mercado. A través de una mirada de largo plazo, el análisis reconstruye la influencia del modelo de las Building Societies anglosajonas tanto sobre el segmento de ahorro y préstamo para viviendas en Argentina durante la primera mitad de siglo como particularmente sobre las sociedades de Crédito Recíproco para caracterizar y problematizar la dinámica del sector.

This article is part of an investigation that studies the evolution of the credit market for house in Argentina between 1930 and 1955. In particular, it deals with analyzing the functioning of operation of reciprocal credit companies due to its significant influnce on the market. Through a long-term look, the analysis reconstructs the influence of the model of the Anglo-saxon Bulding Society model both the savings and loans segment for house in Argentina during the first half of the century, particulary on reciprocal credit companies to guarantee and problematize the dynamics of the sector.
TURISMO IDIOMÁTICO: CONCEPTUALIZACIÓN Y VALOR ESTRATÉGICO EN DESTINOS CONSOLIDADOS
Authors: Barra Hernández Pilar , Navalón García Rosario
Published: December 2021

En el actual contexto de competencia, los destinos turísticos maduros necesitan desarrollar estrategias de diversificación que les permitan mantener su cuota de mercado e incrementar los beneficios de la actividad turística. Con esta investigación se pretende profundizar en el estudio del turismo idiomático como tipología diferenciada que precisa revisar su definición, componentes y funcionamiento, para entender su alcance. Su potencial valor estratégico se analizará tanto desde el punto de vista de su impacto en la imagen de los destinos como del beneficio económico que genera.

In the current context of competition, consolidated destinations need to develop diversification strategies with the objective of maintaining their market share and increasing the benefits of tourism. This research aims to deepen the study of this differentiated form of tourism since its definition, components and operations need to be reviewed in order to understand its scope. In addition, its potential strategic value will be analysed from different perspectives such as destination image and economic benefit.
Circular economy in the high-tech world workshop report
Authors: Schumacher Kelsea , Green Martin L
Published: December 2021

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) held a Technical Workshop on January 27 and 28, 2021 to assess the state and challenges of a Circular Economy (CE) in the High-Tech World. Scientists, researchers, and program managers in the CE arena, from industry, academia, government, national laboratories, and non-governmental organizations gathered virtually to identify challenges and key priorities to facilitate the reuse, repair, and recycling of electronic products, solar panels, and batteries. The results of the workshop provide important input for program planning and research directions that can advance materials design, use, reuse, and recovery, thus enhancing circularity.
Mobilités résidentielles et vulnérabilité des ménages dans les quartiers périphériques de Brazzaville (République du Congo)
Authors: Ngouma Damase
Published: December 2021

Les métropoles d’Afrique subsaharienne se caractérisent actuellement par une croissance urbaine s’accompagnant du développement des espaces périphériques de taille de plus en plus importante. Cette étude analyse l’effet de la localisation aux marges de la ville sur les conditions de vie des ménages des quartiers périphériques de Brazzaville, en se focalisant sur les contraintes liées à la mobilité quotidienne et au fonctionnement des ménages. Dans cette perspective, elle questionne aussi les motifs expliquant la migration des ménages vers ces quartiers et leur rapport avec les difficultés qu’ils y rencontrent. L’étude se base sur trois enquêtes de terrain réalisées en 2014, 2015 et 2017, respectivement auprès des élèves et des chefs de ménages sélectionnés dans les quartiers périphériques de Brazzaville. Les répondants retenus pour l’enquête ont été choisis par la méthode du choix raisonné. Les résultats de l’étude montrent que les ménages issus des migrations résidentielles intra-urbaines (81 %) et confrontés aux problèmes de logements (coûts élevés de loyers, difficultés d’accès aux logements sociaux, etc.) ont quitté les quartiers centraux et péricentraux pour se rendre aux marges de la ville. Cette relocalisation résidentielle a été motivée principalement par la recherche de faibles coûts de loyers et de terrains à construire pour devenir propriétaires. L’installation dans ces espaces non lotis et dépourvus de la plupart des infrastructures et services sociaux de base place les ménages dans une situation de vulnérabilité parfois remarquable. Les dépenses à effectuer pour la mobilité quotidienne des membres des ménages pour la plupart de grande taille (64,53 %) et celles pour les autres besoins constituent pour eux une lourde charge, du fait du faible niveau de revenus pour la majorité d’entre eux (environ 97 %). Les ménages de cinq membres et plus ne dépassant pas des revenus mensuels de 100 000 FCFA (63,05 %) sont les plus vulnérables. Cette faible capacité financière ne leur permet pas de répondre aux multiples contraintes de la vie dans des zones sous-équipées où la mauvaise qualité de l’habitat, les difficultés d’approvisionnement en eau potable et les risques naturels récurrents constituent des défis de taille.
Relégation périurbaine et exposition à la congestion : une approche par les indicateurs de congestion territorialisés appliquée à l’agglomération bordelaise
Authors: Deymier Ghislaine , Gaschet Frédéric
Published: December 2021

Cet article a pour objet de construire un ensemble d’indicateurs permettant d’identifier les points critiques de congestion et d’analyser le temps perdu par les automobilistes afin d’identifier les impacts différenciés de la congestion sur les territoires urbains et périurbains de la métropole bordelaise. Afin de mieux comprendre les effets combinés de l’accroissement des prix fonciers et immobiliers et de la congestion urbaine sur le niveau de vulnérabilité des ménages et des territoires, ce papier propose de développer une approche spatiale de l’impact de la congestion urbaine sur les choix de mobilité et de localisation des ménages. Après avoir justifié l’intérêt d’une telle démarche et précisé les facteurs théoriques commandant l’impact local de la congestion, l’article présente la méthode de construction d’indicateurs territoriaux de congestion urbaine puis propose une estimation des impacts territoriaux de la congestion sur les différents territoires de l’agglomération bordelaise à partir d’une typologie territoriale intégrant les différents facteurs théoriques d’exposition à la congestion.