bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated Recognition Systems: Theoretical and Practical Implementation of Active Learning for Extracting Knowledge in Image-based Transfer Learning of Living Organisms
Authors: Sobolu Rodica , Stanca Liana , Bodog Simona Aurelia
Published: November 2023

In our research, we propose a model that leverages transfer learning and active learning techniques to accumulate knowledge and effectively solve complex problems in the field of artificial intelligence. This model operates within a parallel learning paradigm, aiming to mimic the continuous learning and improvement observed in human beings. To facilitate knowledge accumulation, we introduce a convolutional deep classification auto encoder that extracts spatially localized features from images. This enhances the model’s ability to extract relevant information. Additionally, we propose a learning classification system based on a code fragment, enabling effective representation and transfer of knowledge across different domains. Our research culminates in a theoretical and practical prototype for active learning-based knowledge extraction in various living organisms, including humans, plants, and animals. This knowledge extraction is achieved through image-based learning transfer, focusing on advancing activity recognition in image processing. Experimental results confirm that our method outperforms both baseline approaches and state-of-the-art convolutional neural network methods, underscoring its effectiveness and potential.
Transforming Financial Decision-Making: The Interplay of AI, Cloud Computing and Advanced Data Management Technologies
Authors: Ionescu Sergiu-Alexandru , Diaconita Vlad
Published: November 2023

Financial institutions face many challenges in managing modern financial transactions and vast data volumes. To overcome these challenges, they are increasingly harnessing advanced data man- agement technologies such as artificial intelligence and cloud computing. This paper presents a com- prehensive review of how these tools transform financial decision-making in various domains and ap- plications. We analyzed both foundational and recent advancements using a rigorous methodology based on the PRISMA 2020 guideline. Our findings indicate that many major financial institutions are adopting AI-driven solutions to potentially enhance real-time risk assessment, transactional efficiency, and predictive analytics. While they bring benefits like faster decision-making and reduced operational costs, they also pose challenges like data security and integration complexities that require further research and development. Looking ahead, we envision a more integrated, responsive, and secure financial ecosystem that leverages the convergence of AI, cloud computing, and advanced data storage. This synthesis underscores the significance of contemporary data management solutions in shaping the future of data-driven financial services, offering a guideline for stakeholders in this evolving domain.
Optimizing Heterogeneity in IoT Infra Using Federated Learning and Blockchain-based Security Strategies
Authors: Muthukumar Venkatesan , Sivakami R. , Venkatesan Vinoth Kumar , Balajee J. , Mahesh T.R. , Mohan E. , Swapna B.
Published: November 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) and associated capabilities are becoming indispensable in the planning, operation, and administration of intricate systems of all sizes. High-end learning solutions that go beyond the boundaries of the problem are necessary for addressing the variety of communication concerns (compatibility, secure communication, etc.) in IoT settings. Building machine learning (ML) networks from disparate data sources is a cutting-edge practice known as Federated Learning (FL). In this article, we implement FL between edge-based servers and devices in a sparsely populated cloud to facilitate cohesive learning and the storage of critical information in smart IoT systems. FL enables collaborative training from a common model by aggregating smaller unit models via regulated edge network participants. Further, all the susceptible device’s information and sensitive message transactions are addressed via blockchain technology. Thus, a blockchain-based security mechanism is integrated to secure user privacy and facilitate widespread practical adoption. Finally, a comparison is made between the proposed model and the three best free, open-source Federated Learning models already in use (FedPD, FedProx, and FedAvg). In terms of statistical, and data heterogeneity (>70% SDI, >97% accuracy), the experimental findings suggest that the proposed model performs better than the existing techniques.
Where Does My Model Underperform? A Human Evaluation of Slice Discovery Algorithms
Authors: Johnson Nari , Cabrera Ángel Alexander , Plumb Gregory , Talwalkar Ameet
Published: November 2023

Machine learning (ML) models that achieve high average accuracy can still underperform on semantically coherent subsets ("slices") of data. This behavior can have significant societal consequences for the safety or bias of the model in deployment, but identifying these underperforming slices can be difficult in practice, especially in domains where practitioners lack access to group annotations to define coherent subsets of their data. Motivated by these challenges, ML researchers have developed new slice discovery algorithms that aim to group together coherent and high-error subsets of data. However, there has been little evaluation focused on whether these tools help humans form correct hypotheses about where (for which groups) their model underperforms. We conduct a controlled user study (N = 15) where we show 40 slices output by two state-of-the-art slice discovery algorithms to users, and ask them to form hypotheses about an object detection model. Our results provide positive evidence that these tools provide some benefit over a naive baseline, and also shed light on challenges faced by users during the hypothesis formation step. We conclude by discussing design opportunities for ML and HCI researchers. Our findings point to the importance of centering users when creating and evaluating new tools for slice discovery.
Educational Aspirations as The Predictors of Teacher Engagement in Classroom in Context of Emotional Intelligence of Teachers
Authors: Sharma M P , Kumar Jambi Ratna Raja , Deshmukh Renuka , Pathak Punit , Acharjee Purnendu Bikash , Raj Agalya VT
Published: November 2023

In the intricate network of factors that influence teacher engagement within the classroom, educational aspirations stand as potential critical predictors. These aspirations, which could be defined as the goals and objectives set by educational institutions or by the teachers themselves, could serve as a guiding force, steering the level and quality of engagement teachers display in the class. This essay explores the hypothesis that educational aspirations could indeed be potent predictors of teacher engagement, delineating the pathways through which aspirations mold teachers' dedication, enthusiasm, and proactive involvement in the educational process. Initially, it is fundamental to understand that educational aspirations are a two-pronged entity - encompassing the macro-level aspirations set forth by educational boards and policies, and the micro-level aspirations nurtured by individual teachers for their personal growth and the academic progression of their students. These aspirations, when clearly articulated and aligned, can act as a catalyst, propelling teachers towards higher levels of engagement in class. From one perspective, aspirations can foster engagement by instilling a sense of purpose and direction. When teachers are driven by well-defined goals - be it enhancing student literacy levels, fostering critical thinking skills, or nurturing holistic development - their engagement in class is naturally heightened. They are more likely to invest time and effort in devising innovative teaching strategies, engaging in continuous learning, and fostering an environment that is conducive to achieving these aspirations. Furthermore, educational aspirations often encapsulate the ideals of inclusive and equitable education. Teachers working towards these aspirations are likely to be more engaged, as they strive to create classrooms where every student is given an opportunity to thrive. This inclusive approach not only fosters positive student outcomes but also enriches the teacher's experience, as they find fulfillment and satisfaction in witnessing the growth and development of their students. Moreover, educational aspirations can foster a collaborative spirit among teachers. As they work towards common goals, there is an enhanced sense of community and collaboration.
Transtorno ansioso e depressivo no contexto da pandemia do Sars-Cov-2: relato de experiência em unidade básica de saúde à luz do Arco de Maguerez
Authors: Brasil Aline Quental , Brasil Vanessa Quental , Brasil Alice Quental , Sousa Milena Nunes Alves de
Published: November 2023

A infecção pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19) fora elevada ao status de pandemia em março de 2020. Os casos mais graves evoluem para um quadro de insuficiência respiratória aguda que requer cuidados intensivos e outras abordagens específicas. Porém, após o aumento de casos verificou-se um aumento de perturbações também na esfera psicológica e social podendo interferir na capacidade de enfrentamento da doença e trazendo sequelas duradouras. Este estudo tem como objetivo evidenciar o aumento de transtornos psiquiátricos como ansiedade e depressão na rotina da Saúde Básica no contexto da pandemia COVID 19, demonstrando a importância do atendimento no setor primário. O trabalho realizado é do tipo descritivo, qualitativo no formato de relato de experiência. Utilizou-se o Arco de Maguerez seguindo as etapas de observação da realidade, pontos-chave, teorização, hipótese de solução e aplicação na realidade a partir de contextualizações do cotidiano de uma médica atuante na saúde básica no município de Conceição-PB. Evidenciou-se, que assim como na literatura científica vigente e atual, houve com a chegada do novo Coronavírus, um aumento significativo no diagnóstico e tratamento farmacológico de perturbações da ordem psicológica como ansiedade e depressão. O enlutamento pela perda de familiares bem como pela mudança de comportamentos de forma abrupta foi sem dúvida fatores determinantes no aumento do índice dessas patologias, estas acometendo não só usuários do sistema de saúde, mas também, profissionais envolvidos na linha de frente do combate ao vírus. Verificou-se que através da observação subjetiva da realidade, propostas de modificação no acolhimento e condução dos pacientes podem ser traçadas de forma objetiva na tentativa de se minimizar não só a diminuição do contágio como a redução de sequelas obtidas pelo aparecimento e intensificação desses transtornos em questão.
Enriching Multimodal Data
Authors: Zhou Yiqiu , Kang Jina
Published: November 2023

Collaboration is a complex, multidimensional process; however, details of how multimodal features intersect and mediate group interactions have not been fully unpacked. Characterizing and analyzing the temporal patterns based on multimodal features is a challenging yet important work to advance our understanding of computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL). This paper highlights the affordances, as well as the limitations, of different temporal approaches in terms of analyzing multimodal data. To tackle the remaining challenges, we present an empirical example of multimodal temporal analysis that leverages multi-level vector autoregression (mlVAR) to identify temporal patterns of the collaborative problem-solving (CPS) process in an immersive astronomy simulation. We extend previous research on joint attention with a particular focus on the added value from a multimodal, temporal account of the CPS process. We incorporate verbal discussion to contextualize joint attention, examine the sequential and contemporaneous associations between them, and identify significant differences in temporal patterns between low- and high-achieving groups. Our paper does the following: 1) creates interpretable multimodal group interaction patterns, 2) advances understanding of CPS through examination of verbal and non-verbal interactions, and 3) demonstrates the added value of a complete account of temporality including both duration and sequential order.
Health Literacy Level of Posyandu Cadres in Preventing Stunting Prevalence in Tambak Kalisogo Village
Authors: Rodiyah Isnaini , Choiriyah Ilmi Usrotin , Rustianingsih Eni
Published: November 2023

This study aims to analyze health literacy in village posyandu cadres in preventing stunting prevalence in Kalisogo Tambak Village. This research uses descriptive statistical methods with quantitative and qualitative approaches obtained and then used as analysis material. Data collection techniques are carried out by conducting observations, interviews, and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is Likert scale measurement with the help of SPSS program version 26. The results of this study explain the analysis of 4 (four) aspects of health literacy which is elaborated with the prevention of stunting prevalence of village posyandu cadres which can be used as a reference to improve the ability of posyandu cadres in handling public health. Aspects according to Sorensen et.al. These include: 1) Access, 2) Understand, 3) Appraise and 4) Apply. Of the four indicators, the results of the health literacy index research on posyandu cadres in preventing stunting prevalence are the highest indicator in the dimension of accessing various health-related information obtained from several reliable sources with a value of 68%. Then, the lowest score is on the indicator assessing various health-related information with a value of 55%. These results show that the health literacy ability of posyandu cadres in preventing stunting prevalence in Kalisogo Tambak Village is quite good, but in the aspect of assessing various health-related information, especially in stunting prevention, it needs to be improved again considering that stunting greatly affects the quality of human resources.
COVID-19 Prevention Practices among the Students of the College of Health and Natural Sciences, Kalinga State University
Authors: A. Balocnit Divina , N. Malano Anie , C. Dapeg Joy , Lao – Aten Teodifel , Banggawan Lou Marshal M.
Published: November 2023

his study focused on the CoViD 19 prevention practices of the students of the College of Health and Natural Sciences.Specifically, it aimed to undergo study on the sources of information on the CoViD 19 prevention practices among the students of the College of Health and Natural sciences; level of knowledge of the students on the CoViD 19 prevention practices; attitudes of the students towards CoViD 19 health – seeking behavior; correlation of the knowledge of students on the CoViD 19 prevention practices and their attitude towards CoViD 19 health – seeking behavior; practice of the students on the CoViD 19 preventive measures; factors that may affect the frequency of practice of the students on the CoViD 19 preventive measures.It was concluded that the students get information from television, social media, and from their classmates and friends. They have good knowledge on the preventive measures against CoViD 19. They also have positive attitude towards health seeking behavior. While, their knowledge and attitude have very low correlation. These students always practice the preventive measures against CoViD 19. But, sometimes, they forget, not mindful of the health protocols and they are not used to the guidelines.
The Influence of JavaScript, on Website Development and User Experience
Authors: Sayed AsifaliAlimali , Patel Mohammed Owais Shabbir
Published: November 2023

Abstract: JavaScript, a programming language has brought about a revolution in the construction of websites and web applications. Its capability to generate interactive web pages while enabling real time user interaction has made it an indispensable tool for developers. This article delves into the impact of JavaScript on website design and development highlighting its contributions to user experience. Additionally it emphasizes the importance of research and development in this field.
Nothing Is Purely Sexual Behavior, Except This Book
Authors: Mafra Anthonieta Looman
Published: November 2023

A review of the book “Evolutionary perspectives on human sexual psychology and behavior”, edited by Viviana A. Weekes-Shackelford and Todd K. Shackelford (2014).
MODERASI BERAGAMA BERBASIS MASJID: ANALISIS KONTEN KANAL YOUTUBE-TV MASJID ISTIQLAL JAKARTA
Authors: Ridesta Vitara , Aulia Nazwa , Hajar Zaidah Atik , Puji Hastuti Nanik , Maryunah Maryunah , Fakhrurozi Fakhrurozi
Published: November 2023

This study aims to prevent and overcome the rising trend of radical extremism in Indonesia. Channel Youtube becomes one of the most effective alternative tools for spreading moderate Islamic ideas in the digital era. This study uses a qualitative approach, wherein the data are obtained through interviews, observations, and content analysis of the Istiqlal Mosque Jakarta Youtube-TV channel. The study results show that the Youtube channel used by the management of the Istiqlal mosque in Jakarta has become an effective medium for spreading the values of Islam wasathiyyah. The existing contents of the channel are in accordance with the indicators of religious moderation, namely commitment to nationalism, tolerance, anti-violence, and accommodating to the local wisdom. In addition, the channel has been widely watched and even become one of the public references for religious moderation knowledge in the digital era.
Pendampingan Komunikasi Bahasa Inggris dalam Pemasaran Hasil UMKM di Dusun Pamulung, Kabupaten Sumbawa
Authors: Umar Umar , Supriadin
Published: November 2023

This program aims to provide experience, information and new knowledge related to the use of basic English during marketing results by the Gita Tambora Tourism Ambassador UMKM sector group, in Dusun Pamulung. The institutions participating in the community service activities are the Kencana Beach Cottages Travel Agency, the Postgraduate School of the Sumbawa University of Technology (UTS), the Sumbawa Islamic College (STAIS), and the UMKM Group Gita Tambora Tourism Ambassador with assistance for a certain period. The activity was carried out 5 February 2023, 24 February 2023 and 10 March 2023. There were five stages, namely; 1) survey activities; 2) interviewing; 3) setting up the sales area; 4) providing basic English communication; and 5) getting ready to serve guests. The results of these activities are: 1) travel agencies gain the trust of the tourism market; 2) Lecturers and students can implement their knowledge and experience; and 3) MSME groups can increase new knowledge regarding how to communicate using basic English with foreign guests. In addition, it will be increasing the economic value from sales suvenirs they sell.
Laparoscopic hepatectomy for primary hepatocellular carcinoma located at favorable location can stabilize the short-term and long-term outcome during the development period in a tertiary hospital:
Authors: Lee Yi-Hsuan , Huang Yu-Ting , Kuo Tsai-Ling , Lee Ming-Che , Chen Yen-Cheng
Published: November 2023

Introduction Laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) for hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC) has been well-known for its advantages in the past 10
years, but little is known regarding its oncologic outcomes while the
technique is being developed at an institution. This study aimed to
evaluate the safety and effectiveness of LH for patients with primary
HCC at favorable locations during the development period.
Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with
primary HCC that underwent hepatectomy between January 2013 and December
2019 at Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital. Patients with HCC at favorable
locations (anterolateral segments) were collected and divided into
laparoscopic and open hepatectomy (OH) groups. Long-term oncologic
outcomes, including overall, and disease-free survival and postoperative
short-term outcomes were analysed. Results The review included
159 patients, and among which 42 and 44 patients with HCC in favorable
locations were underwent open and laparoscopic hepatectomies. There were
no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, major
complication rate, and 90-day mortality rate. The laparoscopic group had
a shorter postoperative hospital stay, and lower 90-day readmission
rate. There were no significant differences in overall survival and
disease-free survival. Conclusion LH for favorably located HCC
can stabilize the short-term outcome and long-term outcome during the
development period.
The optimization of computer equipment during the modernization of the unified system of centralized control and measurements of the SKS-7 network using the resources of the data processing center
Authors:   State University of Telecommunication, Berkman L. , Otrokh S. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Ruzhynskyi V. ,   Department of State Market Supervision of the National Commission, which carries out state regulation in the field of electronic communications, radio frequency spectrum and the provision of postal services, Olienieva K. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute"
Published: November 2023

The architecture of the unified system of centralized control and measurements of the SKS-7 network is outdated, the technologies used to organize its work and implement data storage need to be updated and optimized, because the current state of the system causes a decrease in speed and performance, as well as a critical drop in reliability. Considering the factors, there is also a need to modernize the software and hardware of the IP protocol analysis and monitoring system. The system does not provide the full range of functions necessary for a full-fledged analysis of the VoIP network, at the moment. Updating the system architecture became a necessity to improve efficiency and reliability. The work describes the process of modernization of the SKS-7 network control and measurement system using data center resources by optimizing computer equipment and expanding the capabilities of the systems used to monitor the OKS-7 network. The system of analysis and control and measurements of the SKS-7 network is presented and its main functionalities are defined. The main signaling protocols were analyzed and a system of analysis and monitoring of IP protocols was developed. The modernized control and measurement system of the SKS-7 network allows to identify deficiencies when testing elements of telecommunication networks and analyzing their impact on operation, analyzing the information and signal load of SKS-7 and VoIP networks in real time and in previous periods.
Software analytical stochastic model of operational functional behavior of the electronic complex for detecting unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Volochiy B. , Onishchenko V. ,   Hetman Petro Sagaidachny National Academy of Land Forces, Ozirkovskyy L. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: November 2023

The article considers an electronic system for detecting unmanned aerial vehicles, which includes a radar system, an optoelectronic system, a thermal imaging system, and an acoustic system. In information technology, the development of a software discrete-continuous stochastic model of the operational behavior of an electronic complex is an important stage in the creation of a structural-automatic model. The creation of a structural-automatic model is described in the article in the following sequence: description of the selected algorithm for the functioning of the electronic complex; verbal model of the operational functional behavior of the electronic complex; according to the verbal model, the development of a reference graph of states and transitions is described; on the basis of the reference graph of states and transitions, a structural-automatic model of operational behavior is formed; the need to verify the developed structural-automatic model is indicated. The combination of the structural-automatic model of operational behavior with the ASNA-2 software module forms a software stochastic model. The software stochastic model is designed to solve the problems of system engineering design (analysis and synthesis) of an electronic complex. The structural-automatic model allows the Designer to set any values of the performance indicators of the systems that are included in the electronic complex. The ASNA-2 software module automates the construction of state graphs based on the structural automated model; according to the state graph, it generates and solves the Kolmogorov-Chopman system of differential equations. By validating the software stochastic model, the reliability of the results to be obtained by the Projector was verified.
GRAPHENE – GOLD GRATING-BASED STRUCTURE TO ACHIEVE ENHANCED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kuzyk R. , Ilin O. , Yaremchuk I.
Published: November 2023

In this work, the field distribution in structures such as a gold grating, a graphene layer, and a silicon substrate was studied. The conditions for maximum electromagnetic field distribution (absorption) by this structure to use in photonics and electronics devices were established. The magnitude of the electromagnetic field of a gold diffraction grating with a graphene layer increases with decreasing slit width. At the same time, an increase in the period leads to small changes in the electromagnetic field distribution. The maximum value of the distribution of the electromagnetic field is increased significantly, almost twice reducing the thickness of the graphene layer.
Molecular prevalence of MecA and Blaz Genes with phenotypic analysis of Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern for S.aureus Isolated From Dermal lesions of Sheep Breeders In Diyala Governorate – Iraq
Authors:   College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Diyala , Diyala , Iraq, Bressam Fajer Zainab , Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy Ali , H. AL-Zuhairi Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Background: S. aureus is one of the dominant bacterial pathogens among dermal infections in human and animals, which have resistance to different antimicrobial drugs. Objective: Isolation and identification of S.aureus from skin lesions among sheep breeders by traditional methods, Vitek 2 system and PCR using Staur 4, 6 specific pri-mers for validation, Detection of genes (methicillin resistant (mecA), Beta- lac-tamase gene (blaZ) by conventional PCR ,determine antibiotic sensitivity pat-tern by kirby bauer disc diffusion method. Patients and Methods: A total of 44 swaps were collected from sheep breeders suffered from variety of infected skin lesions to detect methicillin sensitive and resistant s. aureus by employing traditional methods in addition to confirmatory techniques through fast rapid VETEK2 system , detection of genes (methicillin resistant (mecA), Be-ta- lactamase gene (blaZ) by conventional PCR , and determine antibiotic sensi-tivity pattern by kirby bauer disc diffusion method. Results: S.aureus was isolated from 15/44,( 34.09%) of skin lesion of sheep breeders . A total of 6/15 ,(40%) were methicillin resistant S.aureus (MRSA) ,which represent ( 13.63%) from total samples .Beta lactamase gene primers was detected in all S.aureus isolates. A 6/15,(40%) of S.aureus have resistance for members of antibiotics classes, penicillins, polypeptides, fluoroquinolones, macrolide which include the following : methicillin that was confirmed early by detection of me-cA gene , levofloxacin , ofloxacin , erythromycin and vancomycin. A 6/15,(40%) of S.aureus have multidrug resistant trait for Penicillins, Polypep-tides, Fluoroquinolones, Macrolide antibiotics. Non multidrug resistant S.aureus was reported for Penicillins (oxacillin,4/15, 26%) and Polypeptides antibiotics (vancomycin 8/15, 53.33%) of S.aureus . Absolute sensitivity was reported for gentamycin, tetracycline, rifampicin, imipenem and chloramphenicol. Conclusion: Methicillin sensitive S.aureus was more common compared with MRSA isolated from dermal infections of sheep breeders. Blaz gene was predominantly ex-pressed by S.aureus isolates followed by Mec A gene. S.aureus have resistance for penicillins, polypeptides, fluoroquinolones, macrolide which include the fol-lowing : methicillin, levofloxacin , ofloxacin , erythromycin and vancomycin . S.aureus have multidrug resistant trait for Penicillins, Polypeptides, Fluoroquin-olones, Macrolide antibiotics. S.aureus was absolutely sensitive to gentamycin, tetracycline, rifampicin, imipenem and chloramphenicol.
Obstruction of the pyeloureteral segment: etiology, pathogenesis, morphological features.
Authors:   Department of Urology, Andrology and Sexology of Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Laletin D.I. ,   Krasnoyarsk, Russia, Shik V.S. ,   Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University; Krasnoyarsk, Russia, Firsov M.A. ,   Department of Urology, Andrology and Sexology of Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University; Krasnoyarsk, Russia, Garkusha T.A. ,   Krasnoyarsk Regional Pathoanatomical Department; Krasnoyarsk, Russia, Bezrukov E.A. ,   Department of Urology, Andrology and Sexology of Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, professor of Institute of Urology and Reproductive Health of Sechenov University I.M. Sechenov (Sechenov University); Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract cause chronic kidney disease in 7% of cases. The zone of the pyeloureteral segment (PUS) is affected most often. The kidney and ureter originate from two different rudiments, the violation of their connection under the influence of teratogenic or genetically determined causes determines the obstruction of the pelvic-ureteral junction. Materials and methods. The search, analysis and systematization of publications in PubMed databases and eL ibrary.ru using the keywords «hydronephrosis», «etiology», «pathogenesis». As a result, 27 publications were selected, on the basis of which this narrative literature review was prepared. Results and discussion. Among the many causes of pathology of the PUS, there is a violation of the recanalization of this zone, a vicious interaction of the ureteral rudiment and mesanephros, from which the pelvis is differentiated. Genetic studies provide new data for understanding pathogenesis. Pathology of angiotensin receptors, bone morphogenetic protein, TSHZ3, SHH, TBX18, calceneurin genes can lead to PUS stenosis. In the future, genetic discoveries may be the key to preventing the disease. Of all the existing mechanisms for the formation of an obstruction of the PUS, the conflict with the aberrant vessel is proven. Diagnosis, observation, and the timing of surgical treatment are left to the discretion of the specialist. Timely plastic surgery of the PUS zone prevents the formation of nephrosclerosis and chronic kidney disease. Along with the lesion of vascular structures, nephrons in the pathology of PUS, changes occur in the walls of the abdominal system. Retention of urine leads to ulceration, atrophy of the transitional epithelium, hypertrophy of muscle fibers, hyalinosis and overgrowth of connective tissue, which inhibits the contractility of the upper urinary tract and may worsen the result of surgery. Conclusion. Currently, the mechanisms of PUS obstruction formation are not fully disclosed. Information about embryogenesis, the course of pathological processes allows the clinician to optimally approach the treatment of pathology
High-dose-rate brachytherapy as monotherapy in patients with localized prostate cancer.
Authors:   the Department of Radiation and Surgical Treatment of Urological Diseases with the Brachytherapy Group of Prostate Cancer of the Medical A. Tsyb Radiological Research Center – branch of the National Medical Research Center of Radiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Shchukina E.O. ,   Obninsk, Russia, Biryukov V.A. ,   the Department of Radiation and Surgical Treatment of Urological Diseases with the Brachytherapy Group of Prostate Cancer of the A. Tsyb Radiological Research Center – branch of the National Medical Research Center of Radiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Obninsk, Russia, Karyakin O.B. ,   the Department of Radiation and Surgical Treatment of Urological Diseases with the Brachytherapy Group for Prostate Cancer of A. Tsyb Radiological Research Center – branch of the National Medical Research Center of Radiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Obninsk, Russia, Ivanov S.A. ,   the A. Tsyb Radiological Research Center – Branch of the National Medical Research Centre of Radiology of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation; Obninsk, Russia
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men. In Russia the number of patients with stage I-II prostate cancer increased from 47,7% in 2010 to 60,7% in 2021. One of the main methods of treatment of localized prostate cancer is high-dose-rate brachytherapy, which today provides high accuracy of prostate dose coverage and minimizes the impact on nearby risk organs. Within ever-increasing publications, high-dose-rate brachytherapy is considered as a method of safe and effective radical treatment of prostate cancer. Materials and methods. Relevant publications were searched for in the PubMed and е-Library databases with the use of the keywords «brachytherapy», «highdose-rate brachytherapy», «brachytherapy as monotherapy». As a result of the search, 52 sources were selected and included in the given literature review. Results and discussion. The first report on the use of brachytherapy as monotherapy appeared in 2000 where published the results of treatment and demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of the method. Despite the large number of studies conducted all over the world with various options of dose delivery per fraction, the optimal dose and fractionation mode for high-dose-rate brachytherapy as monotherapy have not been determined yet. Conclusions. Currently high-dose-rate brachytherapy of localized prostate cancer as monotherapy has become widespread. However, the available modern data on fractionation modes require further study and research.
Antioxidant Activity of Fresh Yam and Its Changes During Processing into Flour and Storage
Authors: Lavlinesia  , Monica E.  , Ulyarti
Published: November 2023

This research aimed to study the antioxidant activity of several cultivars of fresh yam tubers and its flour and to determine the effect of processing and storage on antioxidant activity of yam flour. The research used Complete Random Design (CRD). This study was conducted in three stages and repeated 3 times.  At first stage, antioxidant activities of three types of yam were investigated.  The type of yam tuber which has the highest antioxidant activity was used for second stage. At second stage, the experiment was carried out to determine the effect of processing methods on the antioxidant activity of yam flour. The treatment which produced yam flour with the highest antioxidant activity was further used in the last stage.  At last stage, the experiment was carried out to determine the effect of storage on antioxidant activity.  At this stage, 3 different storage times was used (0 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks). The results showed that types of yam and processing treatment gave significant effect on antioxidant activity, IC50, L*, a* and b*, and total anthocyanin of yam tuber and flour.  However, processing method gave insignificant effect on value of L* of yam flour. Type of yam with the highest antioxidant activity was purple yam with antioxidant activity 96,35%, IC50 44,95 μg/ml, total anthocyanin content 351,82 mg/100g, L* 46, a* 54, and b* - 21. The processing method that produce flour with the highest antioxidant activity was steaming which produce yam flour with antioxidant activity of 83.59%, IC50 67.48 μg/ml, total anthocyanin content 136.94 mg/100g, L* 66, a* 26, and b* -15. There was a decrease in antioxidant activity, total anthocyanin content, L*, a* and b* of yam flour during storage of 4 and 8 weeks
Mixed cropping with unirrigated deshi cotton (Gossypium arboreum) in Tinnies tract of the Madras State
Authors:   Assitant Cotton Development Officer Tirur, V.D GURUSWAMY RAJA
Published: November 2023

Mixed cropping with unirrigatou deshs cotton (Gossypium arboreum) is the most common feature in the black soil tract of the Tirunelveli District. Dotniled enquiries were made with the cotton farmors of the tract for three years and useful data collected and discussed in this papor. This practice helps to combat the vagarios of seasonal influences and provent total crop failure, and also affords economically distributed resources from the field, An additional incomo ranging from Rs. 25 to 45 is obtained from the mixed crop over that of the pure cotton crop.
The Efficacy of Gamma BHC (EC.) in the control of Early Shoot Borer (Chilotraea infuscatellus Snell.) of Sugarcane
Authors:   Assitant in Entomology Central Sugarcune Research Station,Cuddalore 607 001 Tamil nadu., T VENKATARAMAN , A ABDUL KAREEM ,   Assitant in Entomology Central Sugarcune Research Station,Cuddalore 607 001 Tamil nadu., K.C CHANDY ,   Assitant in Entomologist Central Sugarcune Research Station,Cuddalore 607 001 Tamil nadu.
Published: November 2023

A three year trial for the control of early shoot boror was laid out in a randomised and 4 timos repli- ented pattern with different insecticides. Of all the treat- ments Gamma BHC (E.C) 5 Ib. chemical dissolved in 100 gallons of water and sprinkled over the setts at the time of planting using a gardener's can, has proved superior.
A critical examination of the usefulness of Schofield's Phosphate Potential as an index of Pavailability in Soils
Authors:   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, T.R SUBRAMANIAN
Published: November 2023

Some of the limitations in the method of determination of Schofield's phosphate potential are discus sed. It does not seem to be a suitable index of available. P for paddy and wheat crops in the soils studied.
Studies on the germinating Groundnut seed (TMV. 2) in Red and Black Soils treated with Micro-Nutrients
Authors:   Plant PHysiologist, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore- 641 003., S GOPALAKRISHNAN , L VEERANNAH ,   Assitant Plant PHysiology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore- 641 003.
Published: November 2023

Biochemical studies on the germinating groundnut seeds raised in the red and black soils treated with micro-nutriente like boron, copper, manganese, zine and molybdenum made under pot culture conditions are reported in this paper.
Twenty-five Years of Scientific Marketing in Madras State
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, D Sri SHANMUGASUNDARAM , K Sri SRIRAMAN ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: November 2023

In 1928, the Royal Commission on Agriculture in their report, portrayed vividly the disabilities under which the producer was labouring and the exploitation to which he was exposed to, in an unorganised and uncontrolled system of marketing agricultural produce. Subsequently the Banking Enquiry Committee and the Provincial Economic Conference of 1934 laid stress in their reports the necessity for taking up with immediate effect n programme of intensive development of organised marketing of agricultural produce including livestock products, so as to help the farmer to secure his due share of the price paid by the consumer.
Fodder Problem in India-a Suggested Solution
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, R.M SAVUR
Published: November 2023

A higher standard of living implies and includes a higher standard of nutrition. Improvement in the nutritional level needs an increase in the protein content of the food for which purpose animal proteins are more valuable.
A trial on chemical control of mango leaf hoppers (Idiocerus atkinsoni L. and I. clypealis L.)
Authors:   College of Agriculture, Osmania University, Hyderabad, M SHAM SUNDER , MIR. HAMID ALL ,   College of Agriculture, Osmania University, Hyderabad
Published: November 2023

Different workers from time to time advocated different formulations of insecticides against mango leaf hoppers. An attempt was made to evaluate the efficacy of various insecticides against this pest. The authors have tried in their control experiments for two seasons (1958-59; 1959-'60) four insecticides, viz., DDT 50% W. P., BHC 50% W. P., Parathion (Ekatox 20% W. P.) and Endrin 20% E. The general belief of the workers in the use of Parathion is not favourable because it being a phosphatic compound is toxic to the operators and the workers engaged in the orchards. However, this fear seems to be baseless as the concentrations used are very light. What is required is a little care while spraying. It was successfully sprayed on the orchards without any adverse effects on the persons concerned. The purpose of using Endrin for jassids was simply to assess its efficacy as it is usually considered to be a good insecticide for controlling immature stages of insects. BHC also was tried for comparing its efficacy with the other insecticides mentioned in the above para.
Studies on two corn hybrids differing in their reaction to drought
Authors:   Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, K RAJAGOPALAN
Published: November 2023

In order to determine the differences in certain physiological attributes associated with drought resistance, studies were made on two corn hybrids which were observed to differ in their reaction to drought under field conditions. Physiological characteristics studied included seed germination and rate of growth under different moisture stress, determination of transpiration loss, dry matter content and water requirement, osmotic concentration of cell sap and nitrogen fraction during hardening. These aspects of approach to the problem of drought hardiness in crop plants have been reviewed extensively by Ashton (1948) and Levitt (1956).
Trial of Membrane block electrical resistance unit for continuous measurement of soil moisture
Authors:   Agricultural College Sabour, Bihar, R.G SHARMA
Published: November 2023

The various types of electrical resistance units such as gypsum block, nylon, nylon coated with gypsum and fibre-glass units as well as others have been developed in recent past and used for moisture determination with varying degrees of success. These units are similar in principle. The electrical resistance of the block is inversely proportional to its moisture content and so the electrical resistance. of the block in equilibrium with the soil moisture is a measure of the soil moisture itself which can be read on previously prepared moisture resistance calibration curve.
Reclamation of Saline and Alkali Soils (Field Experiments)
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, C.L DHAWAN , KAHLON SADHU SINGH ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, PARKASH VED ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: November 2023

A fairly large variety of legumes and non-legumes constitute the green manuring crops. The majority of them are legumes. An ideal green manuring crop should possess three characteristics - ability to grow well on poor soils, rapid growth, and abundant and succulent tops.
Cotton cultivation in Lower Bhavani Project Area in the Madras State
Authors:   Cotton Breeding Station Coimbatore, C NAGARAJAN , S.D PETER ,   Cotton Breeding Station Coimbatore
Published: November 2023

The Lower Bhavani Project commands an area of 207 lakhs acres of land situated in the Taluks of Gobichettipalayam, Erode, Bhavani and Dharapuram of Coimbatore District and a portion of Karur Taluk in Tiruchirapalli District. Before the advent of the. Project, most of the lands were cultivated with inferior varieties of cotton like Nadam and Bourbon along with other dry crops and Cambodia was cultivated only in certain garden-lands. Under the project, the ryots were allowed to cultivate half their holding with Cambodia. Thus irrigated Cambodia cotton occupies every year one lakh of acres in this area. This sudden switchover from dryland farming to intensive cultivation under the project condition brought to the cultivators of the tract new problems to solve, viz. building up of soil fertility, shortage of manure, choosing suitable crops and varieties and adopting new agronomic practices to the changed conditions. The present paper deals with these pro- blems offering suggestions to overcome the difficulties.
Cytoplasmic inheritance of variegation in bajara, the pearl millet (Pennisetum Typhoides Stapf and Hubbard)
Authors:   Agricultural Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, M CHARLES RATNASWAMY
Published: November 2023

In the course of field studies on pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides Stapf and Hubbard) an interesting morphological variation viz., white striping of leaves in some plants was observed. Plants with albinotic stripes with varying intensities were observed in three inbred lines. Similar variegation has been studied in Gramineae in the genus Zea (Anderson, 1923; Demerec, 1927), Sorghum (Karper, 1934), Hordeum (Imai, 1936), Avena (Love et al, 1936), Oryza (Pal et al 1941) and Triticum (Pao et al, 1946). The occurrence and inheritance of variegation in the pearl millet has not been reported so far, though chlorophyll deficiencies as albinos and albino-stripes have been recorded (Krishnaswamy et al, 1942). Detailed studies of variegation in pearl millet have been made and presented in this paper.
The Japanese Peppermint - Mentha arvensis L Possibilities of cultivation in South India
Authors:   Madras Agricultural Service, T.V SUBRAMANIAM
Published: November 2023

Peppermint oil, and menthol crystals prepared from it, are very extensively used in medicine and are said to be excellent carminative, gastric stimulant, antiseptic and preservative. These find great use in the preparation of dental creams, mouth washes, tooth pastes and chewing gums, and as flavouring material in confectionery. All essential oils, like peppermint oil, are aromatic oils prepared from vegetable sources, and are capable of volatilisation without decomposition, and are practically insoluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents.
Insecticidal control of termites attacking sugarcane.
Authors:   Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, V.M KALYANARAMAN , P.S NARAYANASWAMY ,   Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, A LEELA DAVID ,   Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003
Published: November 2023

Termites are one of the major pests of sugarcane in India considered probably next in importance to moth borers. Two species of termites have so far been recorded on sugarcane in South India, viz. Odontoterms obesus, R. and Eutermes heimi, W. The former attacks the setts below the ground while the latter is more a leaf cater, but the great bulk of damage to the crop is done by Odontotermes obesus, R. which entirely eats away the setts underground and makes them hollow with the result that the germinating buds are completely destroyed in many cases. This occurs especially in garden land areas (semi-dry areas) where irrigation facilities are not adequate. Serious and wholesale loss of germinating seedlings are often reported from newly planted araas. Being subterraneon and invisible habitants, the control of termites is a serious problem and several experiments have been and are being conducted in India and elsewhere to tackle this pest. During the past two years some work has been done towards the control of this pest and the present paper gives a review of the work on the subject together with an account of the experiments conducted by the Sugarcane Insect Pests Scheme, Coimbatore, under the auspices of the Indian Central Sugarcane Committee.