bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Value of Design Patterns in Designing Teaching in Online Settings
Authors: Warburton Steven , Perry Mark
Published: April 2021

This paper presents an overview of the development of a pattern language for designing online learning and teaching. The aim of these patterns is to facilitate teachers in designing their online teaching environment using a scaffolded methodology that maintains and confirms their individual design agency. Design patterns capture expert knowledge in ways that can be reused to solve problems but never in the same way twice. Here, the authors provide an overview of the patterns, their interrelationship, and reflect on the value of design pattern and their use, highlighting how they can be deployed to enhance online teaching in an iterative design cycle approach.
Immersive professional learning to foster technology-enabled peer-review
Authors: Samarawickrema Gayani , Gavrilenko Olga
Published: April 2021

This paper reports on a professional learning exercise designed to help academic staff gain pedagogical and technological confidence to successfully integrate peer-review practices and a feedback tool into their teaching practice. The study focuses on an immersive professional learning experience in higher education, embedded as a formative assessment task within a unit in the university’s Graduate Certificate in Tertiary Education (GCTE), a nationally recognised qualification. Taking a descriptive case-study approach, we report on academic participants’ professional learning experience as they undertook the unit, specifically the potentials of FeedbackFruits from a learner perspective, and how participants gained pedagogical and technological confidence through engagement in the task. The findings highlight how professional learning can be embedded for successful outcomes and the importance of providing professional learning in a safe environment allowing participants to consider both pedagogical practices and relevant learning technologies in context so that technology adoption occurs purposefully and with confidence.
Development of a rubric to assess student participation in an online discussion board
Authors: Ware Elizabeth
Published: April 2021

Online discussion boards provide opportunities for students to share experiences, consolidate knowledge, explore new ideas, and feel connected to other students and faculty. Despite the benefits, many students do not voluntarily engage in discussion board activities. Mandating participation is a contentious issue, but after reviewing the literature, a summative assessment task and a rubric were developed and trialed in a fully online, Australian postgraduate course. An audit of the discussion board posts from two semesters without the assessment task, and two semesters using the assessment task, found the quality and quantity of posts increased. There were significant improvements in regularity, discussion of course concepts, translation to relevant experiences, and support and encouragement for other learners. The initiative successfully created a learning environment and is being implemented in other subjects.
Board Level Employee Representation and Tax Avoidance in Europe
Authors: Vitols Sigurt
Published: April 2021

In part due to recent disclosures of large-scale tax evasion (e.g. Panama Papers), corporate tax avoidance has become a prominent public policy issue around the world. An increasing amount of research on this topic has focused on identifying the determinants of tax avoidance at the company and country level. Many newer studies examine differences in corporate governance as one of these determinants. However, this literature almost entirely neglects the role of board level employee representation (BLER), despite the fact that this form of ‘stakeholder governance’ is widespread in Europe. This paper addresses this gap in the literature by examining the relationship between BLER and tax avoidance at the company level. Two mechanisms are identified through which BLER might influence corporate tax behavior: 1) reduction in agency costs through monitoring and 2) the voting power of workers as board members to enter into coalitions with management and/or shareholders. Based on a sample of 2343 European listed companies between 2012 and 2017, this paper shows that companies with BLER have a higher effective tax rate (ETR) than companies without workers on the board. The analysis suggests that the ability to form coalitions through voting power is a more significant channel for influencing tax behavior than the monitoring mechanism. The policy implications are that governments should consider ‘stakeholder governance’ such as BLER as one measure supporting their efforts to combat tax avoidance.
Home Production and Leisure during the COVID-19 Recession
Authors: Leukhina Oksana , Yu Zhixiu
Published: April 2021

Between the months of February and April of 2020, average weekly market hours in the U.S. dropped by 6.25, meanwhile 36% of workers reported switching to remote work arrangements. In this paper, we examine implications of these changes for the time allocation of different households, and on aggregate. We estimate that home production activity increased by 2.65 h a week, or 42.4% of lost market hours, due to the drop in market work and rise in remote work. The monthly value of home production increased by $39.65 billion – that is 13.55% of the concurrent $292.61 billion drop in monthly GDP. Although market hours declined the most for single, less educated individuals, the lost market hours were absorbed into home production the most by married individuals with children. Adding on the impact of school closures, our estimate of weekly home production hours increases by as much as 4.92 h. The increase in the value of monthly home production between February and April updates to $73.57 billion. We also report the estimated impact of labor markets and telecommuting on home production for each month in 2020.
Role of vasodilation in liver regeneration and health
Authors: Große-Segerath Linda , Lammert Eckhard
Published: April 2021

Recently, we have shown that an enhanced blood flow through the liver triggers hepatocyte proliferation and thereby liver growth. In this review, we first explain the literature on hepatic blood flow and its changes after partial hepatectomy (PHx), before we present the different steps of liver regeneration that take place right after the initial hemodynamic changes induced by PHx. Those parts of the molecular mechanisms governing liver regeneration, which are directly associated with the hepatic vascular system, are subsequently reviewed. These include β1 integrin-dependent mechanotransduction in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), triggering mechanically-induced activation of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR3) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) as well as release of growth-promoting angiocrine signals. Finally, we speculate how advanced age and obesity negatively affect the hepatic vasculature and thus liver regeneration and health, and we conclude our review with some recent technical progress in the clinic that employs liver perfusion. In sum, the mechano-elastic properties and alterations of the hepatic vasculature are key to better understand and influence liver health, regeneration, and disease.
Comparative study of thermoplastic liner materials with regard to mechanical and permeation barrier properties before and after cyclic thermal aging
Authors: Backens Simon , Siering Jan , Schmidt Stefan , Glück Nikolai , Flügge Wilko
Published: April 2021

Lightweight pressure vessels of type IV for hydrogen storage consist of a thermoplastic inner liner, commonly from polyethylene or polyamide. The liner is the permeation barrier against the compressed gas and must prevent the formation of cracks, also after temperature changes, for example after refueling processes. In the present work high-density polyethylene, cross-linked polyethylene, polyamide 6 and polyamide 12 were characterized by tensile tests, single notch impact tests and permeations measurements before and after a cyclic thermal aging process. The aging only lead to slight changes of mechanical properties due to post-crystallization, but to a significant decrease of permeation properties. This decrease was contributed to weakened, amorphous regions where chain splitting occurred. Considerable differences in properties resulted from different peroxide cross-linking times of polyethylene at the same temperature. A longer holding time at 200 °C led to an improvement in impact strength by a factor of more than three. However, the permeation properties decreased by about 50 %, indicating that peroxide cross-linking in the melt inhibited the formation of crystalline regions.
Structure, electronic and optical properties of chalcopyrite-type nano-clusters XFeY2 (X=Cu, Ag, Au; Y=S, Se, Te): a density functional theory study
Authors: Ranjan Prabhat , Surolia Praveen K. , Chakraborty Tanmoy
Published: April 2021

Iron-based chalcopyrite materials have diverse applications in solar cells, spintronic, thermoelectric devices, LEDs and medical sciences. In this report we have studied structure, electronic and optical properties of chalcopyrite-type nano-cluster XFeY2 (X=Cu, Ag, Au; Y=S, Se, Te) systematically by using Density Functional Theory (DFT). Our computed HOMO-LUMO energy gap of XFeY2 is in the range of 1.568–3.982 eV, which endorses its potential application in optoelectronic devices and solar cells. The result shows that chalcopyrite-type material AuFeS2 having a star-type structure with point group C2v and sextet spin multiplicity, is the most stable cluster with HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 3.982 eV. The optical properties viz. optical electronegativity, refractive index, dielectric constant, IR and Raman activity of these nano-clusters are also investigated. The result exhibits that HOMO-LUMO energy gap of XFeY2 along with optical electronegativity and vibrational frequency decreases from S to Se to Te, whereas refractive index and dielectric constant increases in the reverse order.
Accelerated versus conventional Ponseti protocol for the treatment of idiopathic talipes equinovarus deformity: A short term follow up in Iraq
Authors: Doski Jagar , Jamal Berivan
Published: April 2021

Background and objective: The accelerated protocol of Ponseti method was suggested to shorten the period of treatment of the conventional one for the cases of talipes equinovarus deformity. This study aimed to compare the accelerated protocol of Ponseti method in the treatment of clubfoot deformity with the conventional one. Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted for infants less than six months with congenital talipes equinovarus deformity. The patients were randomized to either Group 1 (casts changed every week, conventional protocol of Ponseti method) or Group 2 (twice weekly, accelerated one). Pirani score was used to assess the severity of the deformity at presentation, at time of last cast removal, and at the last follow up visit (6th months). Results: The patients included were 48 cases with 79 feet. Group 1 (39 clubfeet) had a mean Pirani score of 5.6 (± 1.15) at presentation, which dropped to 0.47 (± 0.41) when the last cast was removed. In Group 2 (40 clubfeet), it dropped from 5.57 (± 0.83) to 0.77 (± 0.01). The result of each treatment protocol was significant, but the difference between them was not significant. Five cases (three patients aged more than three months) of Group 2 needed eight casts to reach an acceptable position of correction. The difference between the mean number of casts applied in Group 1 (5.09) and Group 2 (5.82) was statistically not significant. However, the difference between the mean number of days spent in the cast was significant. The complications occurred in 12 out of 79 feet, with no statistically significant difference between both groups. Conclusion: The accelerated protocol of Ponseti method for treating clubfoot deformity is as effective and as safe as the conventional one. It shortens the time required to complete the treatment program. Those who present lately (beyond the age of three months) may require an additional number of casts. Keywords: Clubfoot; Congenital talipes equinovarus; Ponseti; Accelerated; Cast.
Study of serum ceruloplasmin and zinc in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hasan Amanj , Ahmed Sardar , Ali Dler
Published: April 2021

Background and objective: Ceruloplasmin is the major copper-carrying protein in the blood and plays a role in iron metabolism. Zinc is an essential trace element for human health, which activates about 200 enzymes. This study aimed to evaluate the serum ceruloplasmin and zinc and the factor affecting them in type 2 diabetes. Methods: A case-control study was carried out from November 2018 to June 2019 in collaboration between the biochemistry unit at the College of Medicine and the biochemistry unit at the College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University. The study included 100 type 2 diabetic patients (group 1) and 100 healthy individuals (group 2) to evaluate the serum ceruloplasmin and zinc in both groups. Results: The mean value of serum ceruloplasmin was significantly (P <0.001) higher in type 2 diabetic patients (55.9 ± 1.26 mg/dL) than that of healthy individuals (36.65 ± 0.71 mg/dL). The mean value of serum zinc was significantly (P <0.001) lower in type 2 diabetic patients (39.19 ± 0.46 ug/dL) compared with controls (65.27 ± 2.5 ug/dL). There was a significant positive correlation between serum ceruloplasmin and the age of diabetic patients (P <0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between serum ceruloplasmin and serum zinc of diabetic patients (P <001). There was no significant correlation between serum ceruloplasmin and body mass index of diabetic patients (P = 0.928). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, we concluded that high serum ceruloplasmin and low zinc were associated with type 2 diabetics. Keywords: Serum ceruloplasmin; Age; BMI; Zinc; Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
COVID-19 in Ebola’s Wake
Authors: Benton Adia
Published: April 2021

Like other African nations, Sierra Leone seemed to avoid the worst pandemic scenarios. Its previous experience with Ebola may have led to improved preparedness in the health system. But the government has once again reverted to a militarized response, and elites returning from international travel may pose a risk of spreading the coronavirus. The author also reflects on the challenges of tracking the situation from afar, in the midst of a global crisis, and critically assesses Western media coverage of African public health issues.
An African Trade Revolution Takes Shape
Authors: Talton Benjamin
Published: April 2021

The African Continental Free Trade Agreement, launched on January 1, 2021, will be Africa’s most ambitious united endeavor to assert financial oversight over the extractive resources sector—if it is fully implemented. The United States can act as a supportive partner, but what matters most is change from within Africa itself to finally realize pan-African visions of economic sovereignty.
Autoimmune thyroid disease correlates to islet autoimmunity on zinc transporter 8 autoantibody
Authors: Cai Yun , Yan Jieni , Gu Yong , Chen Heng , Chen Yang , Xu Xinyu , Zhang Mei , Yu Liping , Zheng Xuqin , Yang Tao
Published: April 2021

Objective

The most common coexisting organ-specific autoimmune disease in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). However, there have been few clinical reports based on a large population about the prevalence of zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8A) and other islet autoantibodies in AITD patients. We aimed to explore the presence of islet autoantibodies, ZnT8A, glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) and insulinoma-associated antigen 2 autoantibodies (IA-2A) compared with thyroid autoantibodies, thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TGAb) and thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies (TRAb) in patients with Graves’ disease (GD), Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and T1DM patients with AITD.

Methods

Totally, 389 patients with GD, 334 patients with HT, 108 T1DM patients with AITD and 115 healthy controls (HC) were recruited in the study. Islet autoantibodies (ZnT8A, GADA and IA-2A) were detected by radioligand binding assay. Thyroid autoantibodies, TPOAb and TGAb were detected by chemiluminescence assay, and TRAb was detected by RIA.

Results

The prevalence of ZnT8A, GADA and IA-2A was higher in GD and HT patients than that of HC (ZnT8A: GD 8.48%, HT 10.8% vs HC 1.74%; GADA: GD 7.46%, HT 7.74% vs HC 0.870%; IA-2A: GD 4.88%, HT 3.59% vs HC 0%; All P < 0.05) but lower than that of T1DM subjects with AITD (ZnT8A: 42.6%; IA-2A: 44.4%; GADA: 74.1%; all P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

An increased prevalence of ZnT8A as well as GADA and IA-2A was found in both GD and HT patients, indicating that there is a potential link between thyroid autoimmunity and islet autoimmunity.
El enaltecimiento de los delitos previstos en el art. 510 CP a la luz de la última jurisprudencia constitucional
Authors: Roig Torres Margarita
Published: April 2021

El artículo 510 CP, en los apartados 1 c) y 2 d), tipifica el enaltecimiento y otras declaraciones de apoyo al genocidio y a los demás delitos cometidos contra grupos o sus miembros por motivos de intolerancia. Para castigar estas conductas se precisa tan solo el favorecimiento de un clima de violencia, hostilidad, odio o discriminación. Sin embargo, en los últimos años el Tribunal Constitucional ha aplicado la STC 235/2007 al enaltecimiento y justificación de los delitos de terrorismo o de sus autores, del artículo 578.1 CP, al entender que constituyen “discurso del odio”, al igual que la difusión de ideas que justifiquen el genocidio, analizada en aquella sentencia. En consecuencia, requiere que esas manifestaciones favorables al terrorismo creen cierto peligro no previsto en la norma. Y, a mi modo de ver, esta exigencia se ha de tener en cuenta al interpretar aquellos preceptos del artículo 510 CP.
Bulk-fill kompozit rezinlere güncel bakış
Authors: MİSİLLİ Tuğba , CABADAĞ Özge Gizem , GÖNÜLOL Nihan
Published: April 2021

Günümüzde, rezin esaslı kompozitler; matriks, doldurucu ve
başlatıcı teknolojilerindeki gelişmelerden dolayı posterior dişler için en
popüler restoratif materyallerdir. Geçtiğimiz birkaç yılda ise kompozit rezinlerdeki güncel
gelişmeler, bulk-fill kompozitleri restoratif diş hekimliğine kazandırmış olup, bu alandaki
çalışmalar devam etmektedir. Bulk fill kompozitler arasında doldurucu miktarı,
inorganik partikül boyutları ve morfolojileri, monomer tipi ve fotobaşlatıcı
kimyalarına bağlı belirgin farklılıklar mevcuttur. Tüm bu farklılıklar
bulk-fill kompozitlerin polimerizasyon derinliği, dönüşüm derecesi, marjinal
bütünlük, biyouyumluluk, mekanik ve fiziksel özellikleri üzerinde belirgin etkilere sahiptir. Bu derlemenin
amacı; klinik kullanımları gün geçtikçe artan bulk-fill kompozitler hakkındaki
genel bilgiler ile literatürde yer almış olan in vivo ve in vitro
çalışmaları irdeleyerek okuyucunun bilgisine sunmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:
bulk-fill, kompozit rezinler,
polimerizasyon derinliği, büzülme stresi
PERİODONTAL HASTALIK VE KARDİYOVASKÜLER HASTALIKLAR
Authors: SÜME KEŞİR Siddika Selva , KARŞIYAKA HENDEK Meltem , OLGUN Ebru
Published: April 2021

Periodontal ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklar patogenezinde
enflamasyonun rol oynadığı durumlardır. Yakın dönemde yapılan çalışmalar,
periodontal hastalığın kardiyovasküler hastalık oluşumu ve ilerlemesi üzerine
etkili olabileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Aterom lezyonlarında tespit edilen oral
patojenler iki hastalık arasındaki olası ilişkiyi kuvvetlendirmektedir. İltihaplı
ve ülsere dişeti epiteli yolu ile periodontal patojenlerin sistemik dolaşıma
infiltrasyonu olası mekanizma olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bakteriyel
infiltrasyon sonucunda vasküler dokuları etkileyen oral patojenlerin, sistemik
dolaşımda ilerleyerek kardiyovasküler sistem için zararlı reaksiyonları
başlattıkları düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca, ülsere dişetinden proenflamatuvar
sitokin/kemokin sızıntısı akut faz proteinlerinin sentezine neden
olabilir. Kronik bakteriyemi kazanılmış bağışıklık cevabını uyarabilmektedir.
Periodontal patojenlere cevap olarak üretilen antikorlar endotel hücreleri ve
modifiye lipidler arasındaki çapraz reaksiyonları uyarabilmektedir. Bu
reaksiyonların damar duvarında lipid yoğunluğunu arttırabileceği
düşünülmektedir. Bunlara ek olarak,  bazı
antikorların ve enflamatuvar sitokinlerin T Yardımcı Hücre-1 cevabını uyararak
aterom içindeki makrofajların aktivasyonunu arttırdıkları savunulmaktadır. Tüm bu
mekanizmaların aterogenezin başlamasına ve ilerlemesine katkıda bulunduğu
düşünülmektedir. Bu derleme, periodontal hastalık ve kardiyovasküler hastalık arasındaki
ilişkide olası mekanizmalara değinmektedir.
Ortodontik Tedavi Sırasında Beyaz Nokta Lezyon Oluşumu
Authors: AKIN Mehmet , BAŞÇİFTÇİ Faruk
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Sabit ortodontik tedavi sırasında oluşabilen beyaz nokta lezyonlar bazen tedavi sonrasında da ciddi problemler oluşturmaya devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı sabit ortodontik tedavi sırasında oluşan beyaz nokta lezyonların dağılımını değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya en az bir dişinde beyaz nokta lezyon bulunan 145 hasta (58 kız 87 erkek, 11.8-17 yaş aralığında) çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Tedavi öncesinde ve sonrasında alınan fotoğraf kayıtları değerlendirilerek etkilenen dişler tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler Ki-Kare testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Erkeklerde, kızlarda ve genel olarak dağılım incelemesinde sağ sol arasında farklılık görünmezken, üst çene alt çeneye göre daha fazla yoğunlukta beyaz nokta lezyon göstermektedir. Dişsel olarak bakıldığı zaman en fazla etkilenen dişin sağ üst yan keser diş olduğu belirlenmiştir (%93,71).
Sonuç: Beyaz nokta lezyon ağız hijyenine bağlı olarak tutucu alanlarda oluşabilmektedir.
İskeletsel Sınıf II Tedavisinde Hızlı Üst Çene Genişletmesinin Hava Yolu Boyutlarına Etkisi
Authors: AKIN Mehmet , EROL BALABAN Merve , ÇİME AKBAYDOĞAN Leyla
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, iskeletsel Sınıf II maloklüzyona sahip hastaların tedavisinde kullanılan fonksiyonel apareyler sırasında hızlı üst çene genişletmesinin, farengeal hava yolu boyutlarına ve hyoid kemiğin pozisyonundaki değişimlere etkisinin değerlendirilmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: İskeletsel sınıf II maloklüzyona sahip hastalar iki gruba ayrıldı; Grup 1 hızlı üst çene genişletmesi ile birlikte twin blok tedavisi gören yaş ortalaması 11,41±1,13 olan 25 hastadan (8 erkek,17 kız) ve Grup 2 sadece twin blok tedavisi gören yaş ortalaması 11,92±0,65 olan 25 hastadan (12 erkek, 13 kız) oluşmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, 50 hastanın başlangıç ve ara kayıt sefalometrik röntgenleri üzerinde alt ve üst çeneye ait iskeletsel değerlendirme için 11 açısal 3 çizgisel ölçüm, farengeal havayolu değerlendirmesi için 13 çizgisel ölçüm gerçekleştirildi. İstatistiksel analiz için grup içi bağımlı örneklem t testi, gruplar arası bağımsız örneklem t testi kullanıldı.Bulgular: Grup içi bağımlı örneklem t testi sonuçlarına göre alt ve üst çeneye ait iskeletsel değerlendirmede grup 1 için 8 açısal 2 çizgisel ölçümde, grup 2 için 9 açısal 2 çizgisel ölçümde, farengeal havayolu değerlendirmesinde grup 1 için kullanılan tüm çizgisel ölçümlerde, grup 2 için 11 çizgisel ölçümde anlamlı fark bulundu(p < 0,05). Gruplar arası bağımsız örneklem t testi sonuçlarına göre iskeletsel değerlendirmede farengeal havayolu değerlendirmesinde anlamlı farklılıklar bulundu(p < 0,05).Sonuç: Gruplar arası değerlendirmede üst ve orta farengeal hava yolu boyutlarında istatistiksel olarak fark saptandı. Hızlı üst çene genişletmesi uygulanmış fonsiyonel aparey tedavisi, farengeal hava yolu ve hyoid kemiğin pozisyonunu daha fazla etkilemektedir.
La decisión judicial en los casos difíciles: el caso del asbesto en Colombia y una solución progresista desde una óptica iuspositivista
Authors: Zambrano Sanjuán Carlos Andrés
Published: April 2021

En teoría de la decisión judicial, los casos “difíciles” o “críticos” suelen ser un paradigma en el que con mayor claridad se evidencia la diferencia no solo entre las dos más importantes corrientes del pensamiento jurídico en Latinoamérica —iusmoralismo e iuspositivismo— a la hora de afrontarlos y decidirlos, sino además entre los métodos y recursos argumentativos de que se sirven para fundamentar tal decisión. En este orden de ideas, es común en parte de la doctrina y la comunidad jurídica y académica, en especial de las últimas épocas, considerar que una solución de avanzada, “progresista”, “novedosa” o, en general, “razonable y compatible con los postulados constitucionales” solo es posible a través de la aplicación del método ponderativo propio del iusmoralismo, en tanto que por vía del iuspositivismo estas soluciones suelen ser “irrazonables”, “carentes de contenido”, “formalistas” o, en general, que no consultan los “principios de justicia” y los postulados constitucionales. Veremos en este escrito que ello no es correcto y cómo, por vía del método interpretativo-subsuntivo propio del iuspositivismo crítico —o del siglo XX—, es no sólo posible llegar a una decisión que resulte compatible tanto con la normativa aplicable al asunto como con las exigencias y necesidades sociales y jurídicas, sino que, además, contenga una fundamentación y justificación mucho más razonable, sólida y estructurada por vía de la utilización de las reglas argumentativas, así como un proceso discursivo claro y directo, que de suyo permite su escrutinio, control y verificación, necesarios para legitimar toda decisión pública dentro de una sociedad democrática.
Escala de autoeficacia en la vida académica: Propiedades psicométricas en estudiantes de nuevo ingreso al nivel universitario
Authors: García-Méndez Rosa María , Rivera-Ledesma Armando
Published: April 2021

This research article aimed to develop an instrument for measuring self-efficacy in academic life (SAL) of students, defined as the set of psychological, social, economic, and academic aspects directly or indirectly associated with the students’ academic life. Under a non-experimental, descriptive, correlational design, and with a sample of 2926 new students (55.1% women) to university education, the psychometric qualities of a set of SAL indicators were explored. The information was collected using a questionnaire form implemented via computer. This instrument comprised 102 items distributed in 14 factors that explained 59.5% of the variance with alpha reliability between .77 and .90 for the factors and .89 for the whole structure. The scale obtained an adequate concurrent validity with respect to the Self-efficacy scale in academic conduct when reaching favorable correlations between .40 and .60. The self-efficacy scale in academic life (SSAL) results also has percentile values in each of its subscales and cut-off values with high reliability set at the 25th percentile, which allows identifying subjects at risk. Low levels of self-efficacy have been reported associated with school dropouts and low academic performance. Focused as a diagnostic support instrument for university tutoring, the SSAL can help prevent adaptive problems in new students at the university level.
Creencias de futuros y futuras docentes de inglés en Chile sobre las competencias del profesorado de inglés como lengua extranjera
Authors: Donoso Eladio , Gómez Romina
Published: April 2021

Existe abundante bibliografía en la que se abordan las creencias del profesorado de segunda lengua (L2) o lengua extranjera (LE). Sin embargo, son pocos los estudios sobre este tema que consideran al profesorado de L2/LE en formación. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer las creencias que tiene el futuro profesorado de inglés respecto a las competencias que debieran identificar al profesorado de inglés como lengua extranjera (ILE) en Chile. Tres dominios de competencia están en escrutinio: (1) competencia lingüística y cultura inglesas, (2) didáctica de la enseñanza del inglés y (3) actitud profesional. Se utilizó un cuestionario tipo Likert para recopilar datos de futuro personal docente de ILE (N=208) que cursa primer (N=129) y cuarto año (N=79) de cuatro universidades chilenas. Los resultados generales muestran que el domino de competencia que el futuro profesorado considera más importante es el de la actitud profesional, especialmente las personas participantes de cuarto año.
ІНСТИТУЦІОНАЛЬНА ТЕОРІЯ В РОЗВИТКУ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ НАУКИ
Authors: РАДІОНОВ Юрій
Published: April 2021

Проаналізовано теоретичні засади становлення і розвитку інституціональної теорії як нового напряму економічної науки. Досліджено передумови виникнення інституціоналізму, розглянуто принципові відмінності між новою економічною течією та класичною економічною теорією. Зазначено слабкість економічних теорій щодо ролі та значення держави в розвитку економіки, наголошено на необхідності синтезу сильних сторін інституціоналізму з неокласикою для взаємоув’язки соціальних настанов та інтересів окремих індивідуумів.Досліджено етапи розвитку інституціональної теорії, різні підходи вчених-інституціоналістів, відзначено появу нового, сучасного напряму – неоінституціоналізму. Окреслено розбіжності в тлумаченні терміна «інститут» між традиційними інституціоналістами і неоінституціоналістами, що вказує на різну методологію його сприйняття. Наголошено, що доктрина глибини природи інститутів та її трактування розділили інституціоналізм на старий і новий. Якщо старий ставив під сумнів індивідуалістичний світогляд, властивий неокласичній парадигмі, то сучасні інституціоналісти індивідуалістичний підхід не заперечують. Економічні інститути, які діють у межах суспільного середовища, є тими рамками або обмеженнями, які регулюють поведінку соціуму в економічних умовах.Акцентовано увагу на перспективах подальшого розвитку інституціональної теорії, яка дає можливість виникнення і розвитку інших теорій, суспільних наук, розкриває досі не досліджені або малодосліджені явища і процеси. У сучасних умовах економічні труднощі, з якими зіштовхнулася світова економіка, переконливо підтверджують актуальність інституціональної теорії, і побудова ефективної економіки не обмежується лише підходом, заснованим виключно на методології класичної школи економічної теорії. Суперечності, які породжує сучасна глобалізація, перетворюються на масштабне джерело соціальних, політичних, економічних і навіть військових викликів для менш розвинутих країн по відношенню до більш благополучних, а міжнародна інституціоналізація є тим механізмом, який покликаний згладжувати прояви нестабільності.
МОЖЛИВОСТІ ДІДЖИТАЛІЗАЦІЇ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД І СМАРТ-СПЕЦІАЛІЗАЦІЇ ЇХ РОЗВИТКУ В УМОВАХ РЕФОРМИ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: ДУЛЬСЬКА Ірина
Published: April 2021

Досліджено напрями, важелі розширення діджиталізації сфер діяльності територіальних громад та органів місцевого самоврядування в Україні, які в умовах реформ децентралізації та адміністративно-територіального устрою дістали значний обсяг повноважень, з огляду на наявні технологічні, інституційні, фінансові передумови. Досліджено досвід діяльності органів місцевого самоврядування з розширення діапазону застосування діджиталізації територіальних громад для їх смарт-спеціалізації та пошуку джерел фінансування проєктів розвитку цифрової інфраструктури. Так, значна їх частка планує створити e-реєстри своїх ресурсів (людських (демографічних), природних, земельних, нерухомості, бізнесу, рекреаційно-туристичних тощо) з ряду причин: 1) у результаті адміністративної реформи (укрупнення мережі районів) виникла необхідність перерозподілу активів між райрадами реорганізованих районів (було 490 од.) та укрупнених новостворених (стало 136 од.); 2) продовжується реформа децентралізації з перерозподілу повноважень між місцевими органами виконавчої влади та райрадами і між ними та ОТГ на території новостворених районів; 3) триває процес перетворення проєктних територіальних громад (1473 од.) в ОТГ шляхом створення нових або приєднання до існуючих ОТГ; 4) перерозподіляються повноваження між новими органами місцевого самоврядування і територіальними підрозділами центральних органів виконавчої влади в рамках їх перетворення на органи за типом префектур (з контролю дотримання законодавства). Труднощі правонаступництва юридичних осіб з переданням майна, земель зумовлені тим, що після місцевих виборів 25 жовтня 2020 р. нові органи самоврядування створено, а законодавство щодо правонаступництва не прийняте (існує в статусі проєкту Закону України), тоді як зміни до Бюджетного кодексу України, згідно з новим адміністративно-територіальним устроєм України та формуванням нових суб'єктів влади на рівні ОТГ, законодавчо внесено. Діджиталізація територіальної громади також є особливо важливою в період пандемії COVID-19, коли в онлайн масово переходять сектори, які задовольняють базові потреби сучасної людини, мінімізуючи необхідність виходити з дому для забезпечення життєдіяльності, реалізації бізнесу та продуктивної діяльності.
Analysis of Logistics Startups Development in the EU Countries and Ukraine
Authors: Boiarynova Kateryna , Kopishynska Kateryna
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Accelerating technological development is a driving force of innovative entrepreneurship inall areas. Young and creative people offer to the market their non-standard solutions in the form of startupprojects. Currently, the development of a startup ecosystem reflects country’s interest in and promotion of newtechnologies.Problem Statement. The efficiency of transport and logistics activities reflects the development of the infrastructure of a country as a whole and significantly affects the efficiency of economic activities. The development and implementation of logistics startups, given the experience of advanced economies, may help find solutions to certain problems of industry and its further development.Purpose. The purpose is to analyze the market of logistics startups of the EU Member States and Ukraine, todetermine the directions of its further development.Materials and Methods. In the research, general and special methods have been used: analysis and synthesisfor determining the sectoral structure of formation and development of startups in the EU and Ukraine; correlation analysis for establishing the dependence between the indicators of development of startup ecosystems and indices of logistic activity of countries, grouping for distributing logistic startups of the EU and Ukraine countries by clusters; graphical method for designing a roadmap for logistics startup development.Results. The current sectoral structure of the EU and Ukrainian startups has been researched, the share oftransport and logistics projects has been determined. The EU and Ukraine rankings in terms of the indicators of the development of startup ecosystems and logistic activity have been analyzed. The correlation analysis has shown a sufficiently close relationship between countries' ratings of startup ecosystems and logistics activity. The mainlogistics startups of the EU and Ukrainian countries are grouped in certain clusters of logistics startups. A roadmap for the development of logistics and transport startups for the EU and Ukraine has been proposed.Conclusions. To date, logistics startups are not among the priorities for the market development in the EU and Ukraine. However, logistical activity in the country may be not only one of the areas where startups are developed, but also a part to the infrastructure of the startup ecosystem. Both the EU Member States and Ukraine are expected to develop startups in high-tech clusters in the future.
Perlindungan Terhadap Masyarakat Yang Tinggal Di Sekitar Tower Telekomunikasi Menurut Hukum Ekonomi Syariah
Authors: Iskandar Iskandar
Published: April 2021

The presence of towers in the present era is needed to expedite the communication network. However, its existence has sparked various polemics and unrest among the public regarding legal protection and public safety due to the impact of the telecommunication tower. In sharia economic law, humans as individual beings have their respective rights in life, therefore they must receive equal treatment with their position in accordance with their rights. With a case study at Gampong Atuek Cut, Simpang Tiga Subdistrict, Aceh District, Aceh Province, the authors conducted research using an empirical juridical approach, field research, interviews. The result of this research is that the legal protection obtained by the community around the telecommunication tower is in accordance with statutory regulations. Arrangements for joint use of towers have been realized to achieve legal certainty and create uniformity aimed at realizing a comfortable life and sustainable economic development in order to improve the quality of life and the environment.Keywords: Community Protection, Tower, Sharia.
Panwaslih Sebagai Penyelesai Pelanggaran Administrasi Pemilihan Umum di Aceh
Authors: Helfianti Sutri
Published: April 2021

Dalam rangka untuk memastikan pemilihan umum berjalan sesuai dengan azas pemilu dan peraturan perundangan maka dibentuklah suatu komisi pemilihan umum yang bersifat nasional, tetap dan mandiri. Dalam sistem pemilu di Indonesia dikenal lembaga penyelenggara pemilu yang merupakan satu kesatuan fungsi, yaitu Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU), Badan Pengawas pemilihan Umum (Bawaslu) dan Dewan Kehormatan Penyelenggara Pemilihan Umum (DKPP).
Landscape management among the Guarani of the Atlantic Forest of Misiones, Argentina: the case of the Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman (Arecaceae) palm tree
Authors: Araujo Jorge J. , Rojas José L. , Keller Héctor A. , Hilgert Norma
Published: April 2021

The study of the management practices that different Guarani settlements have carried out in the environment over time constitutes one of the objectives of ethnoecology and historical ecology as the way through which these communities obtain forest resources affects landscape settings. In this work, based on a local classification system of the ontogenic stages of the pindo palm tree Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman (Arecaceae), we study the effects of traditional management practices on the unity of the pindoty landscape - plant communities with a high concentration of this species. We evaluated the degree to which two morphometric variables used in the measurements of woody tree species, diameter at chest height (DBH) and total height (H), explain the local classification. As a result, in the environment of four Guarani settlements (Ita Piru, Kurupayty, Pindo Poty, and Yvyra Pepe Poty), the production of edible larvae favors temporary changes in the pindoty landscape unit since it produces changes in pindo population’s structure – (abundances by class size). In addition, we discuss some aspects of the pindoty units and their anthropogenic nature concluding that their evolution results from the Guarani cyclical cosmological conception.
Distress-driven impulsivity interacts with cognitive inflexibility to determine addiction-like eating
Authors: Liu Chang , Rotaru Kristian , Lee Rico S. C. , Tiego Jeggan , Suo Chao , Yücel Murat , Albertella Lucy
Published: April 2021

Background

Researchers are only just beginning to understand the neurocognitive drivers of addiction-like eating behaviours, a highly distressing and relatively common condition. Two constructs have been consistently linked to addiction-like eating: distress-driven impulsivity and cognitive inflexibility. Despite a large body of addiction research showing that impulsivity-related traits can interact with other risk markers to result in an especially heightened risk for addictive behaviours, no study to date has examined how distress-driven impulsivity interacts with cognitive inflexibility in relation to addiction-like eating behaviours. The current study examines the interactive contribution of distress-driven impulsivity and cognitive inflexibility to addiction-like eating behaviours.

Method

One hundred and thirty-one participants [mean age 21 years (SD = 2.3), 61.8% female] completed the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale, the S-UPPS-P impulsivity scale, and a cognitive flexibility task. A bootstrap method was used to examine the associations between distress-driven impulsivity, cognitive inflexibility, and their interaction with addiction-like eating behaviours.

Results

There was a significant interaction effect between distress-driven impulsivity and cognitive flexibility (P = 0.03). The follow-up test revealed that higher distress-driven impulsivity was associated with more addiction-like eating behaviours among participants classified as cognitively inflexible only.

Conclusion

The current findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying addiction-like eating behaviours, including how traits and cognition might interact to drive them. The findings also suggest that interventions that directly address distress-driven impulsivity and cognitive inflexibility might be effective in reducing risk for addiction-like eating and related disorders.
Red pasta: What is the technological impact of the enrichment of beet ingredient in fresh pasta?
Authors: Oliveira Filho Josemar , Lemes Ailton , Cruz Filho Ricardo , Guimarães Rafaiane , Oliveira Kamylla , Santana Gabriela , Danesi Eliane , Egea Mariana Buranelo
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the partial replacement of wheat flour by beet flour (BF) in fresh pasta production, analyzing its chemical, technological, and sensorial characteristics. BF showed good water (4.2 g water/g flour) and oil absorption (2.2 g oil/g flour), water solubility (67.3%), and emulsifying properties (30.0%). The incorporation of BF in fresh pasta formulations improved the nutritional value of the pasta, increased the ash (1.65 to 2.16 g/100 g) and fiber contents (1.31 to 12.29 g/100 g) of the fresh pasta, and decreased the lipid contents (50.0% reduction), thereby causing changes in its cooking properties. The antioxidant capacity (0.5 to 4.76%) and the content of total phenolics (69.1 to 70.5 mg/100 g) and betalains (0.04 to 0.16 mg/100g) also increased with the addition of BF, improving the functional profile of the pasta. In the sensory profile, the pasta formulated with the highest concentrations of BF demonstrated the highest intensities for the sensory attributes among fresh pasta evaluated. In general, it was shown that BF represents a promising ingredient to produce new fresh pasta with functional characteristics.
MANAGEMENT OF CROATIAN PUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS BASED ON PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT
Authors:   Polytechnic in Pozega, Croatia, Budimir Verica , Lutilsky Ivana Drazic ,   The University of Zagreb, Croatia, Vasicek Davor ,   The University of Rijeka, Croatia
Published: April 2021

To responsibly manage higher education institutions' business, public managers need to dispose of budget funds rationally. Responsible management needs to have quality and timely information based on measuring and monitoring performance. This paper has two main aims. The first aim is to analyze the importance of measuring higher education performance in general and provide an overview of higher education performance indicators in selected countries. Through literature review, we analyzed performance measurement in higher education of Australia, Canada, the UK, the Netherlands, Finland, Romania, and Poland. Through a review of the literature, it is concluded that performance measurement exists in higher education and is used for management purposes in the observed countries. The second aim is to investigate whether the management of the public higher education institutions in Croatia is based on performance measurement results. To meet this goal, an empirical study was conducted. Research conducted in the Croatian public higher education has also shown a certain level of awareness of the need to measure performance and use measurement results in management processes.
STUDENTS’ ENTREPRENEURIAL MINDSET IN THE ERA OF GLOBAL HEALTH PANDEMIC: PERSPECTIVE FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS, NIGERIA
Authors:   Mangosuthu University of Technology, South Africa, Adewumi Samson Adeoluwa
Published: April 2021

Remarking on the justification for entrepreneurship as a critical component for economic and employment creation, emphasis on building a robust student’s entrepreneurship mind-set has received less attention, especially in this era of global health pandemic (Covid-19). This knowledge chasm stimulates the need to understand students’ entrepreneurship mind-set in this era of paid employment loss. A total of 24 final year students were selected on purpose and snowball across two faculties with the Mind-set theoretical analysis reviewed as the theoretical leaning. The results reveal the development of students’ entrepreneurship mind-set to include attitude development, preparedness, being business savvy and a stimulating business environment. Others include effective mobilization of human and material resources and appropriate students’ cognitive cognizance. The persistent economic downturn was argued as the link between the global health pandemic and the dwindling rate of graduate jobs, whereas appropriate entrepreneurship education, content and curriculum was advanced as important indicators for a sustaining students’ entrepreneurial mind-set. The study recommends the university administrators in their effort to implement entrepreneurship education across the strata of the university as a pathway to economic sustenance and development. This effort, however, must be channeled to ensure students are greatly motivated towards entrepreneurship venture.
THE SHORT- AND LONG-TERM VALUE GAINS TO ACQUIRERS OF EMERGING MARKET TARGETS IN MERGERS AND ACQUISITION DEALS
Authors:   University of South Africa, South Africa, Okofo-Dartey Emmanuel , Ntsalaze Lungile ,   University of South Africa, South Africa
Published: April 2021

This study investigates whether the acquisition of targets from the emerging markets impacts the short-term and long-term value gains of these targets' acquirers in terms of their profitability and growth opportunities. The study uses firm-level data of 93 listed acquirers of targets from the emerging markets sourced from the Bloomberg Terminal from 2003 to 2018. It employs the difference generalized method of moments (GMM) for analysis. This dynamic panel estimation method takes care of endogeneity problems, omitted variables, and error measurements. The study reveals that, broadly, the acquirers' profitability levels improve in the short-term after merger and acquisition (M&A) deals. This improvement in the acquirers' profitability levels occurs in the 1 st, 4th and 5th year periods within the short-term after their M&A transactions are completed. Regarding growth opportunities, acquirers of targets from the emerging markets experience both negative and positive returns on their short-term growth opportunities. However, they experience significant positive returns on their growth opportunities in the long-term. Our paper complements and contributes to the body of knowledge on international market entry and have implication for potential acquirers interested in investment opportunities in the emerging markets.
WAS THE INTEREST RATE POLICY OF THE ECB TOO LOOSE? INSIGHT FROM A SIMPLE TAYLOR RULE
Authors:   European University Viadrina, Germany, Benti Behailu Shiferaw
Published: April 2021

The interest setting of a central bank can be explained using a rule-based monetary policy. A rulebased monetary policy framework considers major economic variables to make a recommended interest rate. In an economy, the fluctuations in major economic variables are vital indicators that signal an action from the central bank. In this paper, we scrutinize the short-term interest rate setting of the European Central Bank (ECB) based on the observed economic conditions. We have based our analysis on a simple Taylor rule. The investigation includes evidence and implication from a selected time period to reflect on the interest rate setting practice followed. For comparison purposes, the applicability and validity of a rule-based monetary policy are then analyzed for the US relying on the interest rate setting of the Federal Reserve. Our empirical findings confirm that the interest rate adjustments in the two central banks go along with the recommendations from a simple Taylor rule. Finally, taking the difference between the interest rate settings of the two banks, an empirical analysis is made to identify whether this difference can be attributed to the difference in simple Taylor rule recommendations.