bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kelompangan dalam Undang-undang yang Berkaitan dengan Isu Penipuan Tanah di Malaysia
Authors: Harun Noraida , Hamid Noor ‘Ashikin , Ghapa Norhasliza
Published: July 2024

Peningkatan kes jenayah penipuan tanah dalam pentadbiran tanah amat membimbangkan kerana dapat mengurangkan kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap pejabat tanah. Objektif utama penulisan ini adalah untuk melihat kelompangan yang digunakan dalam proses pendaftaran tanah, seperti Kanun Tanah Negara (Akta 828), Akta Kontrak 1950 (Akta 136), Akta Surat Kuasa Wakil 1949 (Akta 424) dan Akta Akuan Berkanun 1960 (Akta 783), serta mengemukakan cadangan untuk mengharmonikan akta tersebut dalam usaha untuk mengurangkan kadar jenayah penipuan dalam urus niaga tanah daripada terus berlaku. Oleh itu, pindaan segera kepada akta tersebut amatlah penting demi memberi perlindungan kepada tuan punya tanah dan pihak berkepentingan yang menjadi mangsa disebabkan peruntukan yang sedia ada mungkin tidak menyediakan remedi, perlindungan dan juga skop yang terhad yang menidakkan perlindungan terhadap mangsa penipuan. Kajian kepustakaan dan kaedah analisis kandungan digunakan dalam kajian ini yang meliputi kes yang diputuskan oleh mahkamah, buku dan makalah jurnal. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat kelompangan dalam akta tersebut yang membolehkan penipuan dalam urus niaga tanah berlaku yang memerlukan pindaan dan penambahbaikan. Penulisan ini mengutarakan beberapa cadangan penambahbaikan untuk menjamin kepentingan dan hak semua pihak yang terlibat.
Keperluan Undang-undang Laluan Ikhlas di Laut Wilayah Malaysia
Authors: Jaafar Nur Nabila , Wan Dahalan Wan Siti Adibah
Published: July 2024

Malaysia antara negara yang meratifikasikan Konvensyen Undang-undang Laut Antarabangsa (KUULA) 1982 dan menggunakan konvensyen ini sebagai panduan untuk mentadbir laut wilayah secara berkesan. Pada tahun 2012, Akta Laut Wilayah telah digubal oleh kerajaan sebagai inisiatif untuk menggunakan KUULA 1982 pada peringkat domestik. Namun begitu, realitinya, Akta Laut Wilayah 2012 yang dikuatkuasakan tidak menyentuh penggunaan dan penyeliaan laluan ikhlas untuk perairan Malaysia secara spesifik. Akta ini tidak mencukupi untuk memastikan penyeliaan laluan ikhlas di perairan wilayah Malaysia secara domestik dapat diusahakan dengan jayanya. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kewujudan dan perkembangan konsep laluan ikhlas di perairan wilayah, mengenal pasti peruntukan hak laluan ikhlas dalam perairan wilayah di bawah KUULA 1982, mengkaji pelaksanaan laluan ikhlas dalam undang-undang domestik Malaysia dan Australia, dan untuk melihat penambahbaikan yang dapat dilakukan oleh Malaysia dalam pemerkasaan undang-undang domestik berkenaan laluan ikhlas di lautan wilayah. Metodologi kajian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini berbentuk kualitatif melalui kaedah perpustakaan, kaedah perbandingan dan kaedah analisis kritis. Dapatan kajian ini ialah Malaysia tidak mempunyai peruntukan undang-undang domestik yang komprehensif untuk laluan ikhlas di perairan wilayah, manakala Australia telah mengadaptasi peruntukan KUULA 1982 yang berkaitan dengan laluan ikhlas di perairan wilayah secara terus dalam undang-undang domestiknya. Cadangan penambahbaikan yang dapat dilakukan oleh Malaysia adalah seperti mencontohi Australia untuk mengadaptasi peruntukan KUULA 1982 secara terus dalam Akta Laut Wilayah 2012, menggubal akta baharu dan menyusun semula set undang-undang domestik untuk laut.
Aplikasi Prinsip Khiyar (Pilihan) dalam Perundangan Islam dan Undang-undang yang Berkaitan dengan Jual Beli Barang di Malaysia: Satu Sorotan Literatur
Authors: Noor Azmi Nurul Izzati , Abdul Manap Norhoneydayatie
Published: July 2024

Khiyar merupakan pilihan atau hak yang diberikan kepada pembeli dan penjual untuk memilih, sama ada ingin meneruskan akad jual beli atau membatalkannya. Perundangan Islam memberikan hak khiyar kepada penjual dan pembeli untuk memastikan kedua-dua pihak yang berakad saling reda meredai. Tujuan pemberian khiyar adalah untuk memberikan kemaslahatan kepada kedua-dua belah pihak sehingga tidak ada pihak yang berasa kecewa terhadap akad jual beli yang dilakukan. Dari sudut undang-undang di Malaysia, elemen pilihan dalam undang-undang yang berkaitan dengan jual beli di Malaysia dilihat mempunyai prinsip yang sama dengan elemen khiyar. Oleh itu, kajian ini menyoroti kajian lepas yang membahaskan prinsip khiyar yang berlaku dalam akad jual beli antara perundangan Islam dengan undang-undang yang berkaitan dengan jual beli yang diamalkan di Malaysia. Kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kaedah analisis kandungan. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa aplikasi prinsip khiyar majlis dan khiyar syarat dilihat berbeza daripada implementasi yang terdapat di dalam Akta Kontrak 1950. Prinsip khiyar ayb dan khiyar ru’yah pula diaplikasikan dengan jelasnya dalam Akta Perlindungan Pengguna 1999 menerusi beberapa peruntukannya. Selain itu, persamaan prinsip khiyar ru’yah dan khiyar ayb turut ditemukan dalam peruntukan Akta Jualan Barang 1957. Hal ini menunjukkan bahawa prinsip khiyar yang terdapat dalam perundangan Islam diaplikasikan dalam undang-undang di Malaysia, tetapi tidak secara menyeluruh.
Experimental research on airflow influence from the propellers of a multi-copter sprayer on the quality of spraying in wind conditions
Authors: Vozhyk Yu. ,   Institute of Mechanics and Automatics of Agroindustrial Production of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Shvydia V , Panasyuk V. , Kornyushyn V. ,   Institute of Mechanics and Automatics of Agroindustrial Production of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine,   Institute of Mechanics and Automatics of Agroindustrial Production of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine,   Institute of Mechanics and Automatics of Agroindustrial Production of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine
Published: July 2024

Purpose. Increasing the technological efficiency of multicopter sprayer in field conditions. Methods. The methods of mathematical statistics were used. Results. The ability of the air flows created by the screws of the multicopter frame sprayer to reduce by 1.5–1.7 times the negative impact of the wind on the quality of the distribution of plant protection products over the area being treated was determined. Conclusions 1. To effectively counter the wind in the field conditions, a rational design parameter of the multicopter equipment for distributing the technological material over the treated area is the distance from the lower edges of the propellers to the horizontal, which should not exceed 2.0–2.5 m. 2. It was established that at the speed of the air flows from the multicopter propellers of 15–18 m/s, which usually occurs in modern multicopter sprayers, the mass of the sprayed liquid carried away from the spraying device, which determines the quality of the distribution of the technological material over the treated area, according to changes in wind speed from 4 m/s to 10 m/s was 19–35 %, compared with 32–53 % of modern sprayers, that is, there is a reduction of demolition by 1.5–1.7 times. 3. A rational operating of parameterthe technological equipment of the multicopter for the distribution of technological material over the treated area is the air speed from the propellers of the multicopter, which should be at least 15–18 m/s. Keywords: multicopter sprayer, wind resistance. sprayed technological material, residual mass.
Sportswashing and the Antecedents of Sports Diplomacy in Kenya, 1920-1964
Authors: Kiragu Patrick Kinyua
Published: July 2024

Despite a growing body of literature on sports diplomacy in Kenya, the colonial antecedents of diplomacy through sports in the country are largely unexplored. This article delved into the colonial past to understand how the state employed sportwashing as a form of public diplomacy within Kenya and in enhancing its image globally amidst racial injustices against Africans. The article explores the place of sports in epistemic violence, Cold War politics, and anti-Mau Mau propaganda. The author examined primary and secondary sources to understand the practices of sportwashing in Kenya and around the world between 1920 and 1964
Enhancing the Nutrition and Dietary Patterns of Premature Infants by Optimizing Early Neonatal Nutrition
Authors: Xiao Feng , Xian Yuqi
Published: July 2024

Preterm newborns with very low birth weight, defined as less than 1,500 g, often face challenges in meeting heightened nutritional demands due to physiological and metabolic stress and underdeveloped gastrointestinal systems. This study explored current guidelines and practices in nutritional management for very low birth weight infants, focusing on strategies, including providing human breast milk, donor human milk, parenteral nutrition, and combined nutrition. This retrospective cohort analysis, conducted in an institutional neonatal intensive care unit, reviewed data from medical records of preterm infants weighing 1,000–1,500 g admitted between March–November 2021. Nutritional management involved parenteral or combined nutrition. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, t-tests, Mann–Whitney tests, chi-square tests, and relative risk analysis. Of the 421 reviewed records, 106 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 31 infants received parenteral nutrition, while 75 received combined nutrition. Infants on combined nutrition demonstrated higher weight gain compared to infants on parenteral nutrition (P < 0.05). Relative risk analysis revealed varied associations between nutrition type and comorbidities, suggesting potential benefits and risks of each approach. Combined nutrition effectively met caloric and nutritional needs in very low birth weight infants without increasing morbidity and mortality. It positively impacted weight gain, indicating its viability as an alternative feeding approach.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Regulates the Inositol-Requiring Transmembrane Kinase Endoribonuclease-1α/X-Box-Binding Protein 1 Spliced Pathway to Alleviate Palmitic Acid-Induced Apoptosis in KGN Cells
Authors: Du Ke , Jiang Qi , Jiang Yijie , Tang Liting , Wang Fan , Liu Xinyi , Qin Zihan , Wang Long , Luo Kaiming , Hua Fei
Published: July 2024

In a pivotal study on polycystic ovary syndrome, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] was found to significantly mitigate palmitic acid-induced apoptosis in ovarian granulosa cells, which is crucial for oocyte development. The study used a high-fat cell model with palmitic acid to simulate the elevated free fatty acids found in obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Findings revealed that pretreatment with 1,25-(OH)2D3 reversed the detrimental effects of palmitic acid, including decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis, by modulating the inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase endoribonuclease-1α/ X-box-binding protein 1 spliced pathway. These results suggest a promising role for vitamin D in treating polycystic ovary syndrome and offer a new theoretical basis for its application in reproductive health.
Impact of reduced COVID-19 restrictions on pediatric recurrent respiratory infections in Southern Italy: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Indolfi Cristiana , Izzo Lorena Fortuna , Luciano Margherita , Mercogliano Michelangelo , Klain Angela , Dinardo Giulio , Decimo Fabio , del Giudice Michele Miraglia
Published: July 2024

Aim: This study investigated changes in pediatric respiratory health resulting from the easing of COVID-19-related social restrictions, following a noted decrease in respiratory infections during the lockdown. The COVID-19 restrictions have inadvertently influenced the epidemiology of other viruses and contributed to changes in patterns of recurrent respiratory infections (RRIs) in children.
Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed the records of children who underwent at “Respiratory Diseases of Pediatric Interest Unit” at the University Hospital “Luigi Vanvitelli” in Naples, Italy, between October 2022 and June 2023. The study aimed to assess associations with RRIs, the occurrence of febrile episodes, and antibiotic usage.
Results: Out of 262 patients (38.2% females, median age 6 years), 81.7% experienced at least one respiratory infection over six months, and 23.7% suffered from RRIs [RRIs in the last six months (RRIS)]. Notably, being underweight was significantly associated with RRIs in the last six months (P-value 0.043), resulting in a 47% increased incidence of respiratory infections (P-value 0.012). No significant associations were observed with sex or age. With increasing age, there was a decreasing incidence rate of 3% for the number of RRIs (P-value 0.019), 4% for febrile episodes (P-value 0.031), and 7% for the number of antibiotic courses (P-value < 0.001).
Conclusions: The study emphasizes age and weight’s role in children’s post-COVID-19 RRI prevalence. It signifies the need for proactive preparedness, targeting younger underweight populations and tailored interventions for recurrent cases.
Reduction of Input Torque and Joint Reactions in High-Speed Mechanical Systems with Reciprocating Motion
Authors: Arakelian Vigen
Published: July 2024

In high-speed machinery, the variable inertia forces generated by reciprocating masses often introduce undesirable effects, such as a significant increase in the required input torque and joint forces. This paper addresses the challenge of reducing input torque and joint reaction forces in such mechanisms by employing two compression linear springs positioned between the slider and the frame. These springs counterbalance the slider's inertia force, thereby diminishing both the input torque and joint reactions. It is important to note that the elastic forces exerted by these springs remain internal to the mechanical system, preserving the balance of shaking forces and moments of the mechanism on the frame. The analytical framework developed in this study focuses on minimizing the root mean square and maximum values of the inertia force effects. A significant scientific achievement is attaining a given goal through an analytical solution. Notably, this is the first instance where this problem has been formulated and solved using explicit expressions. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is also demonstrated through CAD simulations, showing a substantial reduction in input torque and joint reactions.
GATIS score for predicting the prognosis of rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms: A Chinese multicenter study of 12-year experience
Authors: Zeng Xin-Yu , Zhong Ming , Lin Guo-Le , Li Cheng-Guo , Jiang Wei-Zhong , Zhang Wei , Xia Li-Jian , Di Mao-Jun , Wu Hong-Xue , Liao Xiao-Feng , Sun Yue-Ming , Yu Min-Hao , Tao Kai-Xiong , Li Yong , Zhang Rui , Zhang Peng
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

There is currently a shortage of accurate, efficient, and precise predictive instruments for rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs).

AIM

To develop a predictive model for individuals with rectal NENs (R-NENs) using data from a large cohort.

METHODS

Data from patients with primary R-NENs were retrospectively collected from 17 large-scale referral medical centers in China. Random forest and Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify the risk factors for overall survival and progression-free survival, and two nomograms were constructed.

RESULTS

A total of 1408 patients with R-NENs were included. Tumor grade, T stage, tumor size, age, and a prognostic nutritional index were important risk factors for prognosis. The GATIS score was calculated based on these five indicators. For overall survival prediction, the respective C-indexes in the training set were 0.915 (95% confidence interval: 0.866-0.964) for overall survival prediction and 0.908 (95% confidence interval: 0.872-0.944) for progression-free survival prediction. According to decision curve analysis, net benefit of the GATIS score was higher than that of a single factor. The time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the predictive power of the GATIS score was higher than that of the TNM stage and pathological grade at all time periods.

CONCLUSION

The GATIS score had a good predictive effect on the prognosis of patients with R-NENs, with efficacy superior to that of the World Health Organization grade and TNM stage.
Effects of elafibranor on liver fibrosis and gut barrier function in a mouse model of alcohol-associated liver disease
Authors: Koizumi Aritoshi , Kaji Kosuke , Nishimura Norihisa , Asada Shohei , Matsuda Takuya , Tanaka Misako , Yorioka Nobuyuki , Tsuji Yuki , Kitagawa Koh , Sato Shinya , Namisaki Tadashi , Akahane Takemi , Yoshiji Hitoshi
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality, but there are no therapeutic targets and modalities to prevent ALD-related liver fibrosis. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) α and δ play a key role in lipid metabolism and intestinal barrier homeostasis, which are major contributors to the pathological progression of ALD. Meanwhile, elafibranor (EFN), which is a dual PPARα and PPARδ agonist, has reached a phase III clinical trial for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and primary biliary cholangitis. However, the benefits of EFN for ALD treatment is unknown.

AIM

To evaluate the inhibitory effects of EFN on liver fibrosis and gut-intestinal barrier dysfunction in an ALD mouse model.

METHODS

ALD-related liver fibrosis was induced in female C57BL/6J mice by feeding a 2.5% ethanol (EtOH)-containing Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet and intraperitoneally injecting carbon tetrachloride thrice weekly (1 mL/kg) for 8 weeks. EFN (3 and 10 mg/kg/day) was orally administered during the experimental period. Histological and molecular analyses were performed to assess the effect of EFN on steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and intestinal barrier integrity. The EFN effects on HepG2 lipotoxicity and Caco-2 barrier function were evaluated by cell-based assays.

RESULTS

The hepatic steatosis, apoptosis, and fibrosis in the ALD mice model were significantly attenuated by EFN treatment. EFN promoted lipolysis and β-oxidation and enhanced autophagic and antioxidant capacities in EtOH-stimulated HepG2 cells, primarily through PPARα activation. Moreover, EFN inhibited the Kupffer cell-mediated inflammatory response, with blunted hepatic exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. EFN improved intestinal hyperpermeability by restoring tight junction proteins and autophagy and by inhibiting apoptosis and proinflammatory responses. The protective effect on intestinal barrier function in the EtOH-stimulated Caco-2 cells was predominantly mediated by PPARδ activation.

CONCLUSION

EFN reduced ALD-related fibrosis by inhibiting lipid accumulation and apoptosis, enhancing hepatocyte autophagic and antioxidant capacities, and suppressing LPS/TLR4/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses by restoring intestinal barrier function.
Vertebral Column Height Andpredisposition To Low Back Pain- Observational Study
Authors: Alok Mukherjee  , Kalpana Jain  , Tushar Singh
Published: July 2024

Background and purpose: Research was done to find out the relationship between lumbar lordosis and radiologic variables, lumbar lordosis and clinical variables, which showed that lordosis itself, do not have any predisposition to low back pain. Weak abdominal muscles are also associated with low back pain. As no previous study was done to correlate vertebral column height and low back pain, this study is intended to analyze whether these variables are predisposed to low back pain.
Case description (Subjects): 200 subjects were approached through systematic convenient sampling which included 100 people (50 males and 50 females) with back pain and 100 people (50 male and 50 female without back pain).
Intervention and methods: Subjects for the study were assessed according to the following parameters; vertebral column height, abdominal girth measurement, bilateral SLR, hip waist ratio, VAS scale.
Results: Pain scores correlated significantly to the length of spinal segment mainly cervical spine (p=0.05) and lumbar spine (p=0.01) and also to bilateral SLR hold time (p=0.01). The bilateral SLR correlates significantly to a Total spine length and length of thoracic spine (p=0.01) while there was no correlation between bilateral hold time and length of cervical spine.
Conclusion: This study has found that the length of the spinal column should be given due importance when assessing the risk of developing low back pain.
GENERAL APPROACH TO SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF BENDING A RECTANGULAR PLATE WITH ANY BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Authors: Bosakov S.V. ,   Belarusian National Technical University, Mordich A.I. ,   BEST Engineering LLC
Published: July 2024

In the work under consideration, an approach is proposed that makes it possible to calculate rectangular plates with any continuous types of boundary conditions from a unified position. The solution for plate deflections is constructed as a product of two functions, each of which represents its own function of the differential equation of bending vibrations of the rod with boundary conditions corresponding to the support of the rectangular plate. The problem reduces to an infinite system of linear algebraic equations for the coefficients of the eigenfunctions, which can be solved by the truncation method. Two examples of the calculation of rectangular plates with rigidly clamped and hingedly supported sides under the action of a concentrated force and with two clamped and two hingedly supported sides under the action of a uniformly distributed load are given.
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIRECT DYNAMIC AND LINEAR SPECTRAL METHODS IN CALCULATING A PROTECTED CONTROL POINT ON THE SEISMIC IMPACT OF THE MSE LEVEL
Authors: Kornilova A.S. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
Published: July 2024

As part of the study, a comparative analysis of the results of calculations of the building of a protected control center on the seismic impact of the MSE level was carried out. Two methods were used for the analysis: direct dynamic and linear spectral. The work presented specific calculations for the building of a protected control center. The results showed that the direct dynamic method gives more accurate results, allowing to take into account all the dynamic features of the building and its behavior under seismic conditions. The linear spectral method has also been shown to be effective in providing a quick assessment of the stability of a building based on the spectrum of ground accelerations.
Synthesis of polycyclic aromatic quinones by continuous flow electrochemical oxidation: anodic methoxylation of polycyclic aromatic phenols (PAPs)
Authors: Tiruye Hiwot M , Economopoulos Solon , Jørgensen Kåre B
Published: July 2024

The electrochemical oxidation of polycyclic aromatic phenols (PAPs) has been developed in a microfluidic cell to synthesize polycyclic aromatic quinones (PAQs). Methanol was used as nucleophile to trap the phenoxonium cation formed in the oxidation as an acetal, that later were hydrolysed to the quinone. Formation of hydrogen gas as the cathode reaction caused challenges in the flow cell and were overcome by recycling the reaction mixture through the cell at increased flow rate several times. The specific quinones formed were guided by the position of an initial hydroxy group on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. An available para-position in the PAPs gave p-quinones, while hydroxy groups in the 2- or 3-position led to o-quinones. The substrates were analysed by cyclic voltammetry for estitmation of the HOMO/LUMO energies to shed more light on this transformation. The easy separation of the supporting electrolyte from the product will allow recycling and makes this a green transformation.
Didáctica Digital: Punto de Partida para una Transformación en la Educación Policial
Authors: Cervantes Estrada Luis Carlos , Hernández Urrego Oscar Hernando
Published: July 2024

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto de la didáctica digital como punto de partida para una transformación en la educación policial. Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo con un enfoque mixto, empleando el método analítico para revisar la literatura sobre las categorías de análisis: didáctica digital, tecnología de la información, rol del docente en la educación virtual y transformación policial. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes de la Escuela de Cadetes de la Policía Nacional (ECSAN) consideran que casi siempre utilizan herramientas digitales que contribuyen a su proceso de formación, como Photoshop, mapas mentales, videos, editores de fotografías y programadores. Sin embargo, un porcentaje significativo indica que nunca o casi nunca acceden a este tipo de recursos, lo que resalta la necesidad de seguir invirtiendo en tecnologías y capacitando a los docentes en didácticas digitales. Para lograr una verdadera transformación digital en la educación policial, se proponen seis etapas clave: (1) Partir de las prácticas tradicionales, (2) Aprovechar los recursos disponibles, (3) Formalizar las acciones y evidencias, (4) Contar con responsables y recursos estratégicos, (5) Consolidar una red de procesos digitales y (6) Adoptar una mentalidad innovadora y adaptable. Se concluye que la didáctica digital es fundamental para la transformación de la educación policial, requiriendo capacitación docente, ejercicios de simulación, promoción de software de programación y cursos de actualización para oficiales.
Causas y Factores de Riesgo sobre la Pulpitis Reversible
Authors: Vicente Navarro Jenifer Karina , Navarro Herrera Evelyn Josseth , Vallejo Lara Silvia Verónica
Published: July 2024

La pulpitis reversible es una afección odontológica común y significativa tanto en adultos mayores como en jóvenes. Se caracteriza por una inflamación temporal de la pulpa dental, generalmente desencadenada por factores como caries incipientes o procedimientos dentales. Considerando que esta afección requiere de una atención precisa se realiza esta revisión sistemática, para de esta manera analizar las principales causas de la pulpitis reversible, identificar los factores de riesgo que aumentan la susceptibilidad a esta condición y desarrollar recomendaciones clínicas basadas en la evidencia para la prevención y manejo de la pulpitis reversible. La metodología empleada en esta investigación consistió en una revisión exhaustiva de información existente en reconocidas bases de datos académicas como PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science. Se consideraron estudios publicados tanto en inglés como en español para abarcar la mayor amplitud posible de evidencia científica disponible. Los resultados de la revisión y análisis de la información señalan que el factor de riesgo primordial asociado con esta condición es la caries dental, seguido por traumatismos dentales y procedimientos odontológicos. De igual forma, la mayoría de los estudios revisados coinciden en que la prevalencia de la pulpitis reversible, está vinculada a una mayor incidencia de caries dental y el empleo de procedimientos dentales invasivos. En conclusión, se resalta la imperiosa necesidad de enfocarse en la prevención y tratamiento de la caries dental como medida primordial para prevenir la pulpitis reversible, así como en la importancia de educar a los pacientes sobre la importancia de una adecuada higiene bucal, mantener exámenes dentales regulares y brindar un tratamiento oportuno a las caries incipientes para prevenir la inflamación pulpar.
Rancang Ulang Meja dan Kursi untuk Kelas 1 di SMK Negeri 3 Medan dengan Menggunakan Metode RULA dan Pahl & Beitz
Authors: Ritonga Wahyu Hidayat , Azis Syarif Abdul , Walady Utama Denny
Published: July 2024

SMKN 3 students use tables and chairs for approximately six hours a day during the teaching and learning process. If the sitting posture of this student is not correct, such as leaning forward or a footrest that is too high, of course it can cause pain in the waist and pain in the knees. This study aims to make tables and chairs that are comfortable for use by students of SMKN 3 MEDAN and to find out the design for ergonomic tables and chairs so that when using tables and chairs students do not feel pain in the waist or other complaints. This study resulted in a new table and chair design. Based on the calculation results, the results of the new chair dimensions were as follows: table height 71.15 cm, table length 58 cm, table width cm, seat cushion width 32 cm, seat cushion length 43 cm, height seat cushion 40 cm, backrest height 54 cm. The dimensions of the bag are 10 cm for width, 40 cm for height, 30 cm for length. Therefore the tables and chairs that have been redesigned are in accordance with the anthropometry of students at SMKN 3 MEDAN
Re-Desain Alat Pencacah yang Ergonomis Guna Mempercepat Waktu Proses Produksi pupuk Cair Organik
Authors: Muhammad Ali Imron  , Putu Eka Dewi Karunia Wati
Published: July 2024

A chopper is a tool used to chop or crush materials into smaller and finer pieces. In papungan village, a shredding tool is used to chop the materials used for making liquid organic fertilizer, this is because the high cost of chemical fertilizers is one of the reasons farmers switch to organic fertilizers. The shredding tool that has been designed has several obstacles, one of which is the most prominent, namely when chopping fibrous materials, the machine falters and even dies, so it is necessary to re-design the tool. The purpose of this re-design is to solve the problems experienced by the tool. There are several changes and additions to the tool to solve problems and improve tool performance. The redesigned tool can speed up production time 58,6%/2,4x and the resulting chopping is smoother than the previous tool.
Günümüze Kadar Bilinmeyen Beş Saz şairimiz
Authors: Tansel Fevziye A.
Published: July 2024

Mercan İdâdisi'nin üçüncü sınıfında ve henüz onbeş yaşında bulunduğu sırada, 1905'de basılan bir şiiriyle san'at hayatına ilk adımını atmış bulunan Fuad Köprülü'nün, 1908'de günün siyasi mes'elelerini ele alarak musâhabeler de yayınlamaya başladığını görüyoruz. 1913 yılına kadar muhtelif gazete ve mecmualarda siyasi, iktisadi, hukuki, v.b. hemen her sâhada telif ve tercemeleri, bilhassa edebiyat ve san'at, edebiyat tarihi, tahlil ve tenkidlerini içine alan bibliyografya sahasında musâhabe ve araştırmaları yayınlanmıştır; fakat onun, ilmi bakımdan mühim çalışmaları, bu hazırlık devresinden sonra, 1913'de İstanbul Darü'l-Fünûnu Türk Edebiyatı Tarihi profesörlüğüne getirilmesinden sonradır. Bu sebeple, 1913 yılı, Fuad Köprülü'nün ilim hayatında daha esaslı mes'elelere yöneldiği dönüm noktası sayılabilir. Halk edebiyatı üzerindeki ciddi çalışmaları da bu sırada başlamıştır.
Külliyat-ı Kavanin
Authors: Mumcu Ahmet
Published: July 2024

Bugün her Türk hukukçusunun eli altında bulunan "Sicilli Kavanin" dolayısı ile, Sarkiz Karakoç adı, hukuk dünyamızda hâlâ yaşamaktadır. Bu zatın Türk hukukuna gerçekten emeği geçmiştir. 1865 yılında İstanbul'da doğdu. Askeri elbiseler terzisi Osgiyan Karakoç'un oğludur. 1893'te İstanbul Hukuk Mektebinden mezun oldu. Sırasıyla Beyrut Ticaret Mahkemesi üyeliğinde, Preveze ve Rodos ticaret mahkemeleri başkanlıklarında, "Üsküp Fevkalâde Mahkemesi üyeliğinde, İstanbul ve Beyoğlu sorgu yargıçlığı (istintak hâkimliği) görevinde bulunmuştur. Daha sonra Adliye Vekâleti Arşiv Müdürlüğüne atanmıştır. Bâbıâli Düstur Encümeni Başkanlığını da yapan Karakoç (1910), bu Encümenin ilga edilmesi üzerine Sadrazamlık Müdevvenat-ı Kanuniye Müdürlüğüne getirilmiştir (14.5.1911). Son bulunduğu görev Düyun-u Umumiye Yönetimi Hukuk Müşavirliğidir. Bu görevden ne zaman ayrıldığını ve ölüm tarihi olan 1944 yılına kadar nasıl çalıştığını bilmiyoruz. Karakoç'un iki çocuğu halen Paris'tedirler. Türkiye'de yakınları kalmamıştır. İki çocuğunun adresi de bilinmiyor. Sicilli Kavanin'i yayınlamayı Karakoç'un kurduğu sistem üzerinde sürdüren Cihan Kitabevi (İstanbul) ilgilileri bile, bu konularda hiçbir fikir sahibi değillerdir.
Çağcıl İnsanın Kaynağı ve Çevresel Değişimler
Authors: Kantman S.
Published: July 2024

2 Eylül - 5 Eylül 1969 tarihleri arasında Paris'te, UNESCO tarafından, `Kuaterner Çalışmaları Uluslararası Birliği (INQUA)' ile işbirliği sonucu ve INQUA'nın. gene Paris'te yapılmış olan VIII. Kongresini takiben düzenlenmiş olan bir kolokyumda, dünyanın çeşitli ülkelerinden gelen ve değişik bölgelerde çalışmakta olan araştırmacıların, günümüz insanının fiziki menşei ve bugünkü fizik formlara varışta çevre değişimlerinin biyolojik değişimlere etkenliği konusunda bir yaklaşık görüş birliğine varmaları olanağı yaratılmıştır. Konuşmalar, kolokyumun ana teması ile ilgili tebliğlerin aynen okunması şeklinde değil de, kısaca özetlendikten sonra hemen tartışmaya açılması şeklinde geçmiş, bu da doğal olarak zaman tasarrufu yanısıra çeşitli görüşlerin ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Böylece, dört gün süren kolokyum boyunca aşağıda kısaca belirtmeğe çalışacağımız konular üzerinde zaman zaman çok hareketli tartışmalar yapılmış ve dördüncü günün sonunda, bütün delegelerin ittifakı ile bir bilimsel bildiri kaleme alınmıştır.
The Anglo-Turkish Conflict Fifty Years Ago
Authors: Sonyel Salâhi R.
Published: July 2024

Fifty years ago at Chanak (Dardanelles), on Turkish territory, the Turkish Army under Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk), the national hero of the Gallipoli campaign, faced its British counterpart, commanded by General Sir Charles Harington, Commander-in-Chief, Army of Occupation. What was the British Army doing on Turkish soil, and why were the armies of these two nations poised for armed conflict? The story goes back to the First World War. The Ottoman Empire, which had participated in that War as an ally of the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria), was defeated by the Entente Powers (Britain, France, Italy and Greece), and was forced to sign the Armistice of Mudros on 30th October, 1918. This Amistice some of the terms of which were deliberately made ambiguous, enabled the Allies to set about possessing the war spoils in the form of Tutkish territories which they claimed to be theirs "by virtue of the secret treaties and by right of conquest". The secret war-time agreements, contracted by the belligerent Allies on clifferent dates, had envisaged the complete dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and the division o Turkish territories amongst Britain, France, Italy and Tsarist Russia. They had also revealed the hypocrisy of the Allies, who had openly declared their war aims to be, inter alia, the preservation of the integrity and independence of the Turkish homelands.
Gebze Yöresinde Kutluca Kubbeli Mezarları ve Onun Trakya Kubbeli Mezarları Arasında Aldığı Yer
Authors: Mansel Arif Müfid
Published: July 2024

Eskiden Kurtçalı ya da Kurtluca, bugün ise Kutluca adını taşıyan köy Gebze ilçesine bağlı olup Gebze'nin kuş uçumu 30 km. kuzeydoğusunda, İzmit'in ise yine kuş uçumu 23 km. kuzeybatısında, eski İzmit-İstanbul yolunun yaklaşık olarak 2 km. kuzeyinde yer almaktadır. 1939 yılında Bithynia bölgesinde bir inceleme gezisi yapmış olan Alman epigrafist ve arkeologu F. K. Dörner bu köyün mezarlığında bulmuş olduğu kubbeli mezar hakkında şu bilgiyi vermektedir: "Yakında meydana çıkaracağımızı umduğumuz kubbeli mezar (Bithynia'nın eski iskân tarihine dair) emin bir ipucu verecektir. Ben bu mezarı Ekşioğlu (Şemsettin)nun kuzeydoğusunda, yaklaşık olarak 1,5 saatlik bir mesafede 2 sık çalılıklar ve büyük ağaçlarla örtülü bir tepenin üzerinde keşfettim. Bugün aynı yerde bir Türk mezarlığı bulunmakta, bu mezarlık ilkönce bence anlaşılmayan, fakat sonra tam anlamını kazanan "Yarımbaş Mezarlığı" adını taşımaktadır. Kubbeli mezar, doğudan batıya doğru yükselen bir tepeler silsilesinin sırtında bulunmaktadır. Kuzeyde arazi, levha II, I'de görüldüğü gibi, dik meyilli olarak alçalmakta, burada belki kubbeli mezarla ilgili büyük ve açık bir suni çukur yer almaktadır. Mezarlığın önüne geldiğimde tepeyi ilkönce tabii sandım. Fakat mezarlığın içinde eski eser bulmak ümidi ile yaptığım araştırmalar esnasında dilimli başlıklar ve yivsiz sütun parçaları yanında zorla kırılmış mezarın kubbesiyle karşılaştığımda hayretler içinde kaldım.
Testimonies to the Economic Vitality of Balat, The Mediaeval Miletus
Authors: Meınardus Otto F.A.
Published: July 2024

The last few years have been marked by a renewed interest in the study of graffiti scratched into the plaster covering the walls of mediaeval buildings. These studies have concentrated either on inscriptions and coats-of-arms of Western pilgrims or on ship-graffiti, also known as akidographemata, scratched or carved predominantly into the walls of Christian monuments, churches and monasteries. In fact, the practice of scratching, carving or drawing graffiti, and especially those of ships, onto the walls of religious buildings was very widespread, extending in the east to Isfahan, in the south to the first cataract of the Nile, in the north as far as Helsingör, and in the west to the Rhine Valley.
Türk Kültür Tarihi Bakımından Arşivlerimizin Önemi
Authors: Göyünç Nejat
Published: July 2024

Zaman zaman yurdumuzun yer-altı ve yer-üstü servetlerinden söz edilir, bunların değerlendirilmesi yapılarak, kâh işletemediğimiz, onaramadığımız için üzüntü duyulur, kâh Allah'ın yurdumuza bahşettiği bu lutuf ve bereketten doğan kıvanç ve öğünç paylaşılır. Lâkin, aslında yer-yüzünde olmakla beraber, zenginliği, ehemmiyeti, toplumumuza maddi ve manevi sahada sağlayabileceği faydaları çoğunluğun meçhûlü olduğu, bazan sandıklar içinde, bazan rutûbetli yerlerde bizlere, insan yüzüne, temiz havaya, güneşe hasret kaldıkları için, saklı, gizli, gözlerden ırak bir hazinemiz daha vardır: Türkiye Arşivleri ve içerisindeki bakım bekleyen, tozdan, nemden sahifelerini bazan dantelâ gibi işleyen kurtlardan arınmaya muhtaç, ancak bir kısmının sayısı hakkında tahminler yürütülebilen bir yığın evrak, tam deyimi ile "yükte hafif, bahada ağır" bir sürü kağıt parçası. Onları bir yandan küçük kitap böcekleri kemirir, karınlarını doyururken, diğer taraftan bir kısım dostları onların açlığı, özlemi içerisindedirler; bu zararsız yaratıklar onları deşememe, değerlendirememenin çaresizliği içerisinde yanar, tutuşurlar. Belgeler ve okuyucuları, engin sessizlik ve sabırla bekleyişleri içerisinde maksat bakımından birbirlerine zıt iki kutup teşkil ediyor gibi görünürler. Halbuki, onları, aslında birbirlerinin gönüllerinde yatan, kavuşacakları günü, am bekleyen bahtsız sevgililere benzetmek daha doğru olur.
Mütareke Devrinde Mustafa Kemal Paşa'ya ait İki Belge
Authors: Baykal Bekir Sıtkı
Published: July 2024

Yayınladığımız bu iki belgenin asılları Cumhurbaşkanlığı Arşivinde bulunmaktadır. İlk bakışta anlaşılacağı gibi bu belgelerin önemi, biri Mütareke günlerinde Mustafa Kemal Paşanın İstanbul'da düşmüş olduğu maddi sıkıntının bir yanını göstermesi ve ötekisi de genç generalin karakteri hakkında bilgi vermesi olmak üzere, başlıca iki noktada belirtilebilir. Bilindiği üzere Birinci Dünya Savaşı sonunda bağlaşıklarımızdan Almanya'nın yenilerek savaştan çekilmesi üzerine, o sıralarda Filistin cephesinde Yıldırım Ordular Gurubu adı ile çarpışan Osmanlı birliklerinin komutanı olan Alman generali Liman von Sanders yurduna dönmek zorunda kalmış ve Yıldırım Ordular Gurubu komutanlığını Mustafa Kemal Paşa üzerine almıştı. Yeni komutan, yerli Arapların da desteği ile daha önce saldırıya geçmiş olan İngiliz ordusunun çok üstün kuvvetleri karşısında geri çekilmeğe zorlanan Osmanlı kuvvetlerini tam bir bozguna uğramak ve imha edilmekten korumayı ve Toroslara kadar geriye getirmeyi başarmıştı. Ancak, tam bu sırada Osmanlı Devleti de, yenilmiş olan bağlaşıkları gibi, İtilâf Devletleri ile Mondros'ta bir ateşkes anlaşması imzaladı (30 Ekim 1918) ve buna göre Yıldırım Ordular Gurubunu lağv etti. Komutanı Mustafa Kemal Paşaya da Başkente dönmekten başka yapacak bir iş kalmadı. Gerçi O ordudan ayrılmıyor ve Harbiye Nezâreti emrinde alıkonuyordu, fakat artık fiili bir görevi yoktu.
Early Works of the Architect Sinan
Authors: Kuran Aptullah
Published: July 2024

Sinan İbni Abdülmennan, after nineteen years of distinguished service as a Janissary in the Ottoman Army of Süleyman the Magnificent, went on to a long career as architect, during which the large number of his works won for him the name of a builder and artist of genius whose name is writ large in the history of world architecture. Being a Janissary, Sinan was taken in his childhood or youth as a levy into the military corps. The registers of children taken in these levies were by the Aga of the Janissaries but they have not survived, having either been burned or perhaps destroyed along with everything else pertaining to the Janissaries, during the Vak'a-i Hayriye, the abolition of the Corps in the time of Mahmud II. For this reason, neither the date of Sinan's birth, nor his christian name, nor those of his parents are known. Although we have no certain knowledge of the architect Sinan's childhood, there are some clues. In the Tezkiret ül-Ebniye ("Book of Imperial Buildings") and the Tezkiret ül-Bünyan ("Book of Buildings") written down by his close friend the poet Nakkaş Mustafa Sa'i at Sinan's dictation, in the Tablet ül-Mı'marin ("Masterpieces of Architecture") compiled by Asari on the basis of SaTs works, and in Sinan's own deeds of bequest, we encounter certain facts which shed light on the matter.
Tımar Sisteminin Macaristan'da Tarımsal Üretime Etkisi
Authors: Káldy - Nagy Gy.
Published: July 2024

Budin'in işgalinden (1541) kısa bir süre sonra Sultan Süleyman'ın çıkardığı kanuna göre, ayni ondalık [âşâr] ve öteki vergilerin ödeneceği ekili topraklar herkesin elinde bırakılacak; ancak bunlar, ev, bahçe ya da bağ gibi sahibinin mutlak mülkiyetinde olmayıp, öteki eyaletlerdeki gibi "hazinenin mülkü" olacak, işleyenlere yalnızca kullanım (tasarruf) hakkı verilecekti. Bağ ve bahçe parselleri de bozulduğunda bu duruma gelecek, böylece hiç kimse bu parselleri kendi mutlak mülkü sayamıyacaktı. Bu hükmün, Macaristan'ın işgal edilmiş kesiminde uygulanması, o güne değin süregelen feodal düzeni derhal ortadan kaldırmış, eski derebeylerinin bütün mülkleri Osmanlı hazinesinin malı olmuştur. Bu gelişimin sonuçlarını iki yönden incelemek istiyoruz: birincisi, Osmanlı hazinesinin kendi malı olan mülklerden gelir ve ondalık [âşâr] vergilerini nasıl topladığı, ikincisi ise, yeni uygulanan sistemin, nüfusun ekonomik ve toplumsal gelişimi üstünde ne gibi etkileri olduğudur.
Early Ottoman Monuments in Bulgarian Thrace
Authors: Kıel Machiel
Published: July 2024

The five centuries, in which the Bulgarian lands were included within the frontiers of the Ottoman empire, left deep traces behind, some of which are stili visible today. Among these is the architectural heritage which has been tremendously rich. The vicessitudes of the extremely agitated history of the past hundred years caused the majority of the Ottoman monuments to disappear, but the number of those preserved is still considerable, and among them are works of the greatest quality which shed ample light on some important phases of the development of this architecture. Our knowledge of the Ottoman Turkish monuments of architecture in the Bulgarian lands is far from complete, partly due to the relatively late date in which Bulgarian science began to realise their value, partly of the difficulty to Western and Turkish scholars to travel the land extensively. A general work covering al! existing Ottoman-Turkish monuments in Bulgaria does not exist as yet and will take much pain-staking labour to produce. In this modest contribution we do not endeavour to give a full list of existing buildings nor wish to mentional all literature in Bulgarian, in Turkish or in other languages concerning these monuments but merely pick out a few important works of Early-Ottoman art which have remained largely unknown and unstudied until now.
Konya Şehri İçindeki Alâeddin Tepesinde Türk Tarih Kurumu Adına Yapılan Arkeolojik Kazıların Mimari Buluntuları
Authors: Akok Mahmut
Published: July 2024

Konya şehri içindeki Alâeddin tepesinin arkeolojik kazıları 1941 yılı Haziran ve Temmuz ayları içinde yapılmıştır. Kazıları, o zaman Ankara'nın 22 kilometre güney doğusunda ve Gölbaşına yakın bir höyük olan (Karaoğlan Höyüğü) üzerinde çalışan kazı heyeti yürütmüştür. Bu heyetin başında, merhum Prof. Remzi Oğuz Arık bulunuyordu. Konya Alâeddin tepesi kazı heyetinde, o zamanın genç arkeologlarından, şimdiki Ankara Arkeoloji Müzesi (Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi) müdürü Raci Temizer ile, Arkeolog merhum Nuri Gökçe ve heyetin mimari Arkeolog Mahmut Akok görev almış bulunuyorlardı. Alâeddin tepesindeki bu kazılar, Konya İmar Müdürlüğünün tepe üzerinde, bazı yeni binaların kurulmasını düşünmesi üzerine başlamıştı. Belediye idarecileri, Alâeddin tepesini, ulu orta bir tepe kabul edip, eski bir yerleşme yeri olamıyacağını ileri sürüyorlardı. Kazı heyetimiz tepenin üzerinde ilk yaptığı yüzey araştırmalarında elde ettiği dökümanlara dayanarak, buranın bir höyük olacağını kesin olarak ilgililere bildirmişti.
Prizren'de Yeni Bulunan Birkaç Türk Yazıtı
Authors: Hafız Nimetullah
Published: July 2024

1968 yılında, Vakıflar Dergisi'nin VII. sayısında (s. 75-102) Dr. M. Kemal Özergin, Dr. Hasan Kaleşi ve İsmail Eren'in "Prizren Kitabeleri" adlı bir makalesi yayınlanmıştı. Yazıda, Yugoslavya'da en ilginç tarihi kentlerden biri sayılan Prizren'de, günümüze kadar intikal eden veya ortadan yok olan cami, çeşme, tekke ve tarihte önemli bir rol oynayan tanınmış kişilerin mezar taşı yazıdan ve yazıtlarda adı geçenlere dair gerektiği kadar bilgi verilmişti. Bugün kaybolan yazıtların, eskiden yalnız Lâtince transkripsiyonlarından istifade edilmiştir. Ayrıca kaybolan bazı yazıtların başkaları tarafından derlenen fotoğraflarından da yararlanarak yazılan yazıların kıymeti böylece bir kat daha artmıştır. "Prizren Kültür Anıtlarını Koruma Kurumu"nda çalışırken bugüne kadar yayınlanmamış daha altı yazıtla karşılaşınca bunların da sayısı bilinmeyen yazıtlar gibi ortadan kaybolmalarını önlemek için, üzerlerinde durarak, XVIII ve XIX. yüzyıllardan kalma bu altı yazıtın da yayınlanmalarını yararlı gördüm.
Sultan III. Selim ve Koca Yusuf Paşa
Authors: Uzunçarşılı İsmail Hakkı
Published: July 2024

Onsekizinci asrın ortalarına doğru 1152 H./1739 M. de Belgrad ve 1159 11./1746 M. İran'la yapılan muahedelerden sonra 1182 H. 1768 M. senesine kadar otuz sene muharebesiz geçmiş ve bu müddet içinde harp ve idare sahalarından yetişmiş Hekim-oğlu Ali Paşa, Yeğen Mehmed Paşa, ivaz Mehmed Paşa, Köprülü-zade Hafız Ahmed Paşa gibi yüz ağartmış, tecrübeli, değerli eski vezirler ölmüş ve kalanlar da pek ihtiyar bulunmuşlardı. Harpsız geçen bu otuz sene içinde ise gelen sadr-ı âzamlar, vezirler iktidar ve kudretçe evvelkiler derecesinde olmadıklarından 1768 seferindeki mağlübiyetlerde bunun acısı görülmüştür. Bu müddet içinde her ne kadar Koca Ragıb Paşa gibi müstesna olarak irade sahibi, alim bir vezir görülüyorsa da, anın idari ve siyasi sâhalarda hizmetine karşı harp meydanında kendisini gösterecek bir olay zuhur etmemiştir. Kısacası Onsekizinci asrın ikinci yarısının sonlarına doğru Osmanlı Devleti'nin idari, siyasi, askeri sahalarda durumu iyi değildi. 1182 H./1768 M. muharebesinde bu haller görülmüştü. 1188 H./1774 Kaynarca muahedesinden sonra devlette pek bâriz olarak acısı çekilen askeri bir ıslahat yapmak üzere silahdar Seyyid Mehmed Paşa'yı takiben anın tavsiyesiyle Halil Hamid Paşa sadr-ı âzam olmuş ve üç seneye yakın devam eden sadr-ı azamlığı zamanında epey yenilik yapmış ise de faaliyetini önlemek isteyenlerden kurtulmak için icraatına müsaade etmeyen Birinci Abdülhamid'i hal' teşebbüsünün duyulup azl ve Idam edilmesi üzerine ıslahat faaliyeti durmuştur.