bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated escape system: identifying prey's kinematic and behavioral features critical for predator evasion
Authors: Sunami Nozomi , Kimura Hibiki , Ito Hidechika , Hashimoto Koichi , Sato Yuta , Tachibana Soki , Hidaka Mikiya , Miyama Kouki , Watanabe Hirofumi , Kawabata Yuuki
Published: May 2024

Identifying the kinematic and behavioral variables of prey that influence evasion from predator attacks remains challenging. To address this challenge, we have developed an automated escape system that responds quickly to an approaching predator and pulls the prey away from the predator rapidly, similar to real prey. Reaction distance, response latency, escape speed and other variables can be adjusted in the system. By repeatedly measuring the response latency and escape speed of the system, we demonstrated the system's ability to exhibit fast and rapid responses while maintaining consistency across successive trials. Using the live predatory fish species Coreoperca kawamebari, we show that escape speed and reaction distance significantly affect the outcome of predator–prey interactions. These findings indicate that the developed escape system is useful for identifying kinematic and behavioral features of prey that are critical for predator evasion, as well as for measuring the performance of predators.
Fatigue Alleviation by Low-Level Laser Preexposure in Ischemic Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation
Authors: WU CHIA-CHAN , LIN YEN-TING , HU CHIA-LING , CHEN YI-CHING , HWANG ING-SHIOU
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Despite its susceptibility to muscle fatigue, combined neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and blood flow restriction (BFR) are effective regimens for managing muscle atrophy when traditional resistance exercises are not feasible. This study investigated the potential of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in reducing muscle fatigue after the application of combined NMES and BFR.

Methods

Thirty-six healthy adults were divided into control and LLLT groups. The LLLT group received 60 J of 850-nm wavelength LLLT before a training program of combined NMES and BFR of the nondominant extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL). The control group followed the same protocol but received sham laser therapy. Assessments included maximal voluntary contraction, ECRL mechanical properties, and isometric force tracking for wrist extension.

Results

The LLLT group exhibited a smaller normalized difference in maximal voluntary contraction decrement (−4.01 ± 4.88%) than the control group (−23.85 ± 7.12%) (P < 0.001). The LLLT group demonstrated a smaller decrease in muscle stiffness of the ECRL compared with the control group, characterized by the smaller normalized changes in frequency (P = 0.002), stiffness (P = 0.002), and relaxation measures (P = 0.011) of mechanical oscillation waves. Unlike the control group, the LLLT group exhibited a smaller posttest increase in force fluctuations during force tracking (P = 0.014), linked to the predominant recruitment of low-threshold MU (P < 0.001) without fatigue-related increases in the discharge variability of high-threshold MU (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

LLLT preexposure reduces fatigue after combined NMES and BFR, preserving force generation, muscle stiffness, and force scaling. The functional benefits are achieved through fatigue-resistant activation strategies of motor unit recruitment and rate coding.
The Returns to STEM Programs for Less-Prepared Students
Authors: Ng Kevin , Riehl Evan
Published: May 2024

The returns to selective STEM programs depend on whether students complete these programs, earnings conditional on completion, and counterfactual schooling choices. Much research has focused on only one of these margins, potentially leading to an incomplete picture of the returns to STEM education for students with less academic preparation. Using data from a Colombian university and two empirical strategies, we find less-prepared students have higher earnings returns to selective STEM programs than more-prepared students, even though they are less likely to complete these programs. A key mechanism is that less-prepared students have lower-paying counterfactual schooling options. (JEL I23, I26, J24, J31, O15)
The Gender Application Gap: Do Men and Women Apply for the Same Jobs?
Authors: Fluchtmann Jonas , Glenny Anita M. , Harmon Nikolaj A. , Maibom Jonas
Published: May 2024

Men and women tend to hold different jobs. Are these differences present already in the types of jobs men and women apply for? Using administrative data on job applications made by the universe of Danish unemployment insurance recipients, we provide evidence on gender differences in applied-for jobs for the broader labor market. Across a range of job characteristics, we find large gender gaps in the share of applications going to different job types even among observationally similar men and women. In a standard decomposition, gender differences in applications can explain more than 70 percent of the residual gender wage gap. (JEL J16, J31, J64, J65, J71)
Efficiency and Incidence of Taxation with Free Entry and Love-of-Variety Preferences
Authors: Kroft Kory , Laliberté Jean-William , Leal-Vizcaíno René , Notowidigdo Matthew J.
Published: May 2024

We develop a theory of commodity taxation featuring imperfect competition along with love-of-variety preferences and endogenous firm entry and exit. We derive new formulas for the efficiency and pass-through of specific and ad valorem taxes. These formulas unify existing canonical ones and feature a new term capturing the effect of variety on consumer surplus. As a proof of concept, we use theoretical formulas to identify love-of-variety preferences in an empirical application. Our welfare analysis shows that the marginal excess burden is sensitive to the estimated love of variety, which overturns classical results on the desirability of ad valorem versus specific taxation. (JEL D11, D21, D91, H25)
A prospective observational cross-sectional study on the association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance in acute ischemic stroke in tertiary care hospital in Central India
Authors: Kumar Dr. Jayanth , Varma Dr Anuj , Acharya Sourya , Kumar Sunil
Published: May 2024

Background Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance have individually been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, and their potential interplay in the context of Acute Ischemic Stroke remains a subject of investigation. This study aims to elucidate the association between NAFLD, insulin resistance, and Acute Ischemic Stroke, exploring risk factors, etiology, and potential implications for patient management. Methods This prospective observational cross-sectional study will be conducted at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, enrolling patients aged 40-79 diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke between 2022 and 2025. Diagnostic confirmation will involve brain imaging, and abdominal ultrasonography will assess NAFLD severity. Biochemical parameters will be measured for insulin resistance evaluation, including blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting insulin levels. The Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) will be calculated. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate analyses, will be applied to explore associations and potential risk factors. Expected Outcome Anticipated findings include insights into the prevalence and severity of NAFLD in Acute Ischemic Stroke patients, the association between insulin resistance and stroke incidence, and potential risk factors contributing to this association. The study provides a foundation for understanding the complex relationship between NAFLD, insulin resistance, and Acute Ischemic Stroke, offering valuable implications for risk stratification and patient management in clinical practice. Identifying modifiable risk factors may guide targeted interventions, contributing to improved outcomes in this patient population.
THE FORMING OF NEW FUNCTIONS OF A DISCOURSE MARKER ZNACHIT IN THE SPOKEN DISCOURSE
Authors: Marchenyak Diana D. , Aisanova Aleksandra A.
Published: May 2024

Background. In modern linguistics the phenomena of oral speech are actively studied, in particular the functioning of the discourse markers (units that play a crucial role in organizing the narrative and structuring the generated by the speaker discourse) in it.
The purpose of this work is to describe the forming of new functions of discourse marker znachit to identify contextual and prosodic features that allow to classify the uses of the word znachit in natural oral speech.
Materials and methods. The material of an analysis was taken from the oral and multimedia corpora of the National Corpus of the Russian Language. The total amount of material selected for the study consists of approximately 8500 words, 200 uses of the discourse marker znachit were analyzed. The method of the discourse analysis, the comparative method and quantitative method were used during the research.
Results. The results of the study show the development of the functions of the discourse marker znachit in the natural oral speech: znachit fulfills the «starting function», the speech error marking function, and the quotation marking function. Via the Praat program the prosodic features of the discourse marker znachit were analyzed in the above-mentioned functions. In the course of the analysis of the prosodic features znachit in the different groups we managed to reveal that in the 3rd group contexts (in the situation of quoting) znachit is pronounced shorter than in the examples from the 1st, 2nd and 4th groups. The uses of znachit in the examples of the 2nd (the situation of the speech error) and 4th (the beginning of a new part of discourse) groups have an approximately equal duration range, but differ in the tone movement and pause locations in relation to the discourse marker. In the 2nd group of examples znachit is pronounced longer than in the other groups.
Practical implications. The results of the study can be used to specify the definition of this unit.
PROBLEMS OF REGULATORY AND LEGAL REGULATION OF SAFETY
Authors: Sugak Evgeny V.
Published: May 2024

Safety in any sphere of life is of decisive importance for ensuring the protection of the life and health of citizens, preserving property values, ensuring socio-economic development and is the subject of legal regulation. Regulatory security is an important element of ensuring the stability and sustainability of society and the state. Its goal is to create a safe environment for the life and activities of citizens, protect national security and ensure sustainable development of the country. Legal norms governing security issues in the Russian Federation are enshrined in various branches of law and are regulated by many laws, codes, Presidential decrees, Government resolutions and other government regulations. Some of these documents are fragmentary in nature, deal with private security issues and create local, isolated from each other disparate arrays of legal norms on certain types of security that relate to different branches of law, some partially duplicate each other or even contradict each other. At the same time, in some of the most important areas of security, there are no necessary federal laws and they are regulated by secondary legal acts - presidential decrees and government decrees. The article analyzes the state of regulatory and legal support for security and the preliminary results of reforms in the system of technical regulation and control and supervisory activities (“regulatory guillotine”). Their main shortcomings are identified and options for eliminating them are proposed.
CULTURAL STUDIES ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT OF "TERROIR"
Authors: Pugacheva Victoria O.
Published: May 2024

This article is devoted to the study of the concept of "terroir" as a socio-cultural structure. The paper presents the history of development and the main ideas of the creation of the concept of "terroir" in the context of the formation of regional cultural identity. The lack of a unified approach to determining the key characteristics of the "terroir" is due to the fact that it includes not only a set of soil and climatic features, but also cultural ones. Taking into account the difficulties of translating the term, the insufficient number of Russian-language materials, a special place in the work is occupied by a review of foreign scientific studies translated by the author on the concept of "terroir" and the identification of its role in the formation of cultural identity.
The purpose of the study is to identify the research potential of the concept of "terroir" for the analysis of cultural practices related to the production and consumption of wine.
The research methodology consists in using a structural and typological method to analyze the concept of "terroir" and a genetic method to establish cause-and-effect relationships between natural and cultural factors of the formation of "terroir". The work also relies on the method of cultural classification to group the typological features of the "terroir" as a result of human transformation of a natural phenomenon into a socio-cultural structure.
Results: for the first time, based on the material of foreign scientific sources, the process of formation of the concept of "terroir" is considered, which involves the inclusion of social and cultural aspects in the definition of terroir, strengthens its connection with the cultural landscape. The terroir is considered as a set of natural and cultural characteristics that have a significant impact on the process of formation and actualization of regional cultural identity.
The scope of the results. The work is a contribution to modern cultural, philosophical, sociological, marketing, tourism and economic studies of the terroir, as it establishes a link between the practices of wine cultivation and consumption and the cultural identity of the region. The work can become the basis for the formation of cultural policy and the image of the wine regions of Russia.
THE AMBIVALENCE OF NOSTALGIA AS AN ETERNAL RETURN TO THE CITY OF CHILDHOOD: F.I. CHALIAPIN AND KAZAN
Authors: Iakovleva Elena L.
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of nostalgia in the life of F.I. Chaliapin, which determined the novelty of the work. With the help of biographical and analytical research methods based on autobiographical prose and letters of Fyodor Ivanovich, memories of his loved ones, it was revealed that Kazan, as the city of birth and youth, played the role of a significant symbol for the singer. Fyodor Ivanovich was nostalgic for Kazan, especially after emigration. The method of historical modeling revealed ambivalent features of Chaliapin's nostalgia, which had ambiguous consequences for him. In the life and work of the singer, restoring nostalgia associated with creativity and reflective nostalgia intersected, in the context of which the irrevocability of the past and the finiteness of human existence were realized. At the same time, in the last years of the artist's life (due to the spatial and temporal gap with Russia and the lack of energy supply), reflective nostalgia with its pessimistic moods took dominant positions. Fyodor Ivanovich's tragic worldview began to prevail, which contributed to his sudden death. Nostalgia, as an eternal return to the pages of Kazan life in memory, testified to the strength of the artist's character, who was able to relive not only positive but also negative experiences and use them in the situationality of life and creativity. The results of the conducted research contribute to the further study of nostalgia in the life of creative personalities, which will allow us to identify its features in each specific case.
INFLUENCE OF METHODS OF BASIC TILLAGE AND FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF AF "KOLOS" OF THE TETYUSHSKY MUNICIPAL DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Vafina Lilia , Minikaev Rogat , Vafin Niyaz , Sochneva Svetlana , Trofimov Nikolay
Published: May 2024

Studies on the effect of basic tillage techniques and fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat were conducted in 2022 in the conditions of the AF "Kolos" of the Tetyushsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan, on typical chernozem soils with agrochemical characteristics for this zone: the content of humus 6.2, mobile phosphorus 153 and exchangeable potassium 149 mg per 1 kg of soil. The reaction of the soil solution is pH (salt) - 5.8 (according to the soil map and cartograms). The agro-climatic conditions of the growing season of 2022 were favorable for the growth and development of spring wheat. The timing of the onset of phenological phases, the duration of interphase periods did not depend on the methods of basic tillage, and fertilizers extended the growing season by 3 days. According to the assessment of the impact of basic tillage techniques and nutrition backgrounds on the contamination of crops, a general pattern was revealed – when using non-tillage, the level of contamination increased, and the introduction of calculated fertilizer rates increased the air-dry mass of weeds. The duration of the growing season without fertilizers was 90 days, on a fertilized background - 93 days. The best indicators of the crop structure were obtained on the option of non–fall loosening against the background of NPK by 4.0 t/ha, the number of seedlings was 470 pcs./m2, more than against the background without fertilizing by 4 pcs./m2, the number of plants for harvesting was 340 pcs./m2, (more by 19 pcs./m2), the number of productive stems – 350 pcs./ m2 (more by 23 pcs./ m2), the weight of grain from 1 ear is 1.1 g (more by 0.5 g), the weight of 1000 seeds is 42.3 g (more by 12.3 g).
POLYMORPHISM OF LIPID METABOLISM GENES IN TATARSTAN-TYPE COWS
Authors: Lamara Mohammed , Ahmetov Tahir , Shaydullin Radik , Tyulkin Sergey , Zarubezhnova Diana
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the research was to study the allelic polymorphism of lipid metabolism genes (OLR1, DGAT1 and LEP) in Tatarstan type cows. The object of the study was 79 first-calf heifers of the Kholmogory breed of the Tatarstan type, kept in the agricultural production complex “Agrofirm Rassvet” in the Kukmorsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. As a result of molecular genetic studies (PCR-RFLP and AS-PCR), the animals were divided into groups taking into account their genotype at the loci of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (OLR1), diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase (DGAT1) and leptin (LEP) genes. Animals with different genotypes of the studied genes were further divided into groups taking into account their linear affiliation. The studied sample of first-calf heifers consisted of individuals belonging to two leading genealogical lines of the Holstein breed, namely: Wis Ideal 933122 and Reflection Sovering 198998. In general, the studies showed that in the herd of first-calf heifers of the Tatarstan type, predominated allele C (0.73) and genotype CC 49.4% for OLR1 gene; allele A (0.77) and genotype AA 57.0% for DGAT1 gene; allele C (0.59) and genotype CT 57.0% for LEP gene. In the sample under study, the genetic balance is not shifted for any of the studied genes. In cows, the frequency of occurrence of alleles of the OLR1, DGAT1 and LEP genes, depending on linear affiliation (W. Ideal and R. Sovering), the trend remains. Similar data were obtained that, taking into account belonging to the Holstein breed, the highest occurrence of alleles in first-calf heifers: C (0.68-0.81) for OLR1 gene, A (0.74-0.83) for DGAT1 gene and C (0.57 -0.60) for LEP gene, respectively.
Low-carbohydrate diet - application in the treatment of type 2 diabetes - review
Authors: Woźniak Justyna , Womperski Karol , Szymonik Julia , Szopa Sebastian , Elias Jagoda
Published: May 2024

Introduction: A very low carbohydrate diet called the ketogenic diet has been shown to be effective in the management of drug-resistant epilepsy. In the recent years it has been studied as a potential remedy for conditions such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases as well as various psychological disorders including drug-resistant depression and schizophrenia. This approach seems to be promising in managing abovementioned issues given a sufficient amount of commitment. There is an abundance of papers looking into the said diet yet not many of them seem to have been well deigned and carried out.
Methods and materials: A review of chosen literature from PubMed database, GoogleScholar database between the years 2000-2024 was carried out using the following keywords: “low-carbohydrate”, low-carb”, “low carbohydrate diet”, “low-carb diet”, “type 2 diabetes”, “insulin”, “insulin resistance”, “obesity”.
Aim of study: Review of the current knowledge on the influence of the therapeutic carbohydrate restriction on health, especially type 2 diabetes.
Results: The introduction of the low-carbohydrate diet may have a beneficial influence on metabolism-related diseases. There is quite strong evidence proving it help with the management of type 2 diabetes and limit the amount of medication necessary to manage the disease as well as lower one’s body fat and blood pressure. It is however not an intervention without its limitations.
Conclusions: Low carbohydrate diets seem to be safe and effective in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Further large-scale, randomized, well-designed studies with clearly set guidelines as to what constitutes a low-carbohydrate intervention using high-quality protein and fat sources are necessary to determine the efficacy and safety of the carbohydrate restriction in the long term.
Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Sphagnum sericeum against Human Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Cell Lines
Authors: Latif Elda Surhaida , Awang Normah , Rasli Nur Rasyiqin , Xuan Daphne Wong Qiao , Juferi Noor Eszrezad , Kamil Nik Norhazrina Nik Mohd , Hamid Asmah
Published: May 2024

The potential of Sphagnum sericeum (SS) moss extracts as an alternative treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) was investigated in this study. Aqueous, methanol, and chloroform SS extracts were analyzed for phytochemical composition and cytotoxic effects on T-cell ALL lines (Jurkat and CCL-119). Results show that the S. sericeum aqueous extract (SSAE) yielded the highest percentage, followed by the methanol extract (SSME) and the chloroform extract (SSCE). Phytochemical analysis identified alkaloids, glycosides, and terpenoids in all extracts. SSME demonstrated significant cytotoxicity towards ALL cells, with the lowest IC50 values observed at 72 hours. Notably, SSME induced morphological changes, including blebbing and cell fragmentation after 6 hours, indicative of apoptosis and cell destruction. These findings suggest SSME's potential as a natural agent for treating paediatric ALL, offering a novel approach in cancer research and contributing insights into the phytochemical compounds and cytotoxic effects of S. sericeum extracts on T-ALL cell lines.
Review on Various Antibiotic Contamination in Natural Sources: Effects on Environment Including Animals and Humans
Authors: Mandal Debashree
Published: May 2024

Antibiotics have been used as medicine to inhibit a large array of infections in humans, in animals and plants for nearly 100 years. Nonstop use and misapplication of antibiotics have triggered antibiotic contamination worldwide. Antibiotic contamination poses risks to microbial communities, aquatic ecosystems, and human health. If growth of antibiotic resistant bacteria occurs, then it may increase multidrug-resistant bacterial infections for the coming days, thus posing a terrific impact on human health, as well as on the ecosystem of the environment. So, proper management and awareness are crucial to mitigate the environmental impacts. In this review, the knowledge about the sources and existence of antibiotics, its side effects, contamination sources, prevention and control of antibiotics to reduce antibiotic contamination has been discussed in detail.
Synthesis of Some Noval Qunazolinone Derivatives for their Anticonvulsant Activity
Authors: Yaduwanshi Phool Singh , Singh Sheelu , Sahapuriya Prinsi , Dubey Priyanka , Thakur Jyoti , Yadav Savita
Published: May 2024

The quinoline family comprises an appealing group of heterocyclic compounds, with quinazolinones and their synthetic analogs being of particular interest. To synthesize 3- amino 2-phenyl quinazolinones, anthranilic acid and its substituted derivatives were employed as initial materials. The MES method was utilized to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of the developed substances on albino mice, with phenytoin serving as a benchmark anticonvulsant medication.The synthesized compounds demonstrated noteworthy anticonvulsant activity, comparable to that of established prescription medications. Among these compounds, Compound A-1 exhibited the highest level of activity. This indicates the potential of these synthetic analogs as effective anticonvulsants, with Compound A-1 standing out as particularly promising in this regard.Preliminary results indicate that certain quinazolinone derivatives exhibited promising anticonvulsant effects in the MES test. Further investigation into the mechanism of action and safety profile of these compounds is underway. The structure-activity relationships deduced from this study may guide the design of future anticonvulsant agents based on the quinazolinone scaffold.This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to discover new therapeutic options for epilepsy and provides valuable insights into the potential of quinazolinone derivatives as anticonvulsant agents. The findings underscore the importance of exploring diverse chemical structures in the quest for improved treatments for neurological disorders.
Highly Effective Antifungal and Antibacterial Properties of ZnO, ZnS, FeS2 and SnO2 Nanoparticles Against Various Fungal and Bacterial Isolates
Authors: Goswami Y.C. , Goswami Ranjana , Chirova T. K.
Published: May 2024

This study explores the potential of four types of nanoparticles (ZnO, ZnS, FeS2, and SnO2) to combat resistant microbes using the well method. The research focuses on their antifungal and antibacterial properties. Results showed that FeS2 and ZnO nanoparticles displayed broad-spectrum activity against various bacteria and fungi. This was evident by the formation of clear inhibition zones after 24 hours at 37°C. These findings highlight the promise of FeS2 and ZnO nanoparticles as weapons against resistant microbes. The inhibition zones demonstrate a measurable effect on microbial growth, providing valuable groundwork for further development of novel strategies to fight and manage microbial infections. This research adds to the ongoing search for alternative and effective solutions in the face of growing microbial resistance.
Mid-term results of autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis for large chondral defects in hips with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
Authors: Briem Tim , Stephan Anika , Stadelmann Vincent A. , Fischer Michael A. , Pfirrmann Christian W. A. , Rüdiger Hannes A. , Leunig Michael
Published: May 2024

Aims

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mid-term outcomes of autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) for the treatment of larger cartilage lesions and deformity correction in hips suffering from symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).

Methods

This single-centre study focused on a cohort of 24 patients with cam- or pincer-type FAI, full-thickness femoral or acetabular chondral lesions, or osteochondral lesions ≥ 2 cm2, who underwent surgical hip dislocation for FAI correction in combination with AMIC between March 2009 and February 2016. Baseline data were retrospectively obtained from patient files. Mid-term outcomes were prospectively collected at a follow-up in 2020: cartilage repair tissue quality was evaluated by MRI using the Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) score. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) included the Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and Core Outcome Measure Index (COMI). Clinical examination included range of motion, impingement tests, and pain.

Results

A total of 12 hips from 11 patients were included (ten males, one female, mean age 26.8 years (SD 5.0), mean follow-up 6.2 years (SD 5.2 months)). The mean postoperative MOCART score was 66.3 (SD 16.3). None of the patients required conversion to total hip arthroplasty. Two patients had anterior impingement. External hip rotation was moderately limited in four patients. There was a correlation between MOCART and follow-up time (rs = -0.61; p = 0.035), but not with initial cartilage damage, age, BMI, or imaging time delay before surgery. PROMs improved significantly: OHS from 37.4 to 42.7 (p = 0.014) and COMI from 4.1 to 1.6 (p = 0.025). There was no correlation between MOCART and PROMs.

Conclusion

Based on the reported mid-term results, we consider AMIC as an encouraging treatment option for large cartilage lesions of the hip. Nonetheless, the clinical evidence of AMIC in FAI patients remains to be determined, ideally in the context of randomized controlled trials.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):32–39.
Development and validation of a nomogram to predict surgical site infection after soft-tissue sarcoma resection
Authors: Miwa Shinji , Yamamoto Norio , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Takeuchi Akihiko , Igarashi Kentaro , Tada Kaoru , Taniguchi Yuta , Morinaga Sei , Asano Yohei , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Published: May 2024

Aims

Surgical site infection (SSI) after soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) resection is a serious complication. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the risk factors for SSI after STS resection, and to develop a nomogram that allows patient-specific risk assessment.

Methods

A total of 547 patients with STS who underwent tumour resection between 2005 and 2021 were divided into a development cohort and a validation cohort. In the development cohort of 402 patients, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was used to screen possible risk factors of SSI. To select risk factors and construct the prediction nomogram, multivariate logistic regression was used. The predictive power of the nomogram was evaluated by receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis in the validation cohort of 145 patients.

Results

LASSO regression analysis selected possible risk factors for SSI, including age, diabetes, operating time, skin graft or flap, resected tumour size, smoking, and radiation therapy. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, diabetes, smoking during the previous year, operating time, and radiation therapy were independent risk factors for SSI. A nomogram was developed based on the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis. In the development cohort, the incidence of SSI was 4.5% in the low-risk group (risk score < 6.89) and 26.6% in the high-risk group (risk score ≥ 6.89; p < 0.001). In the validation cohort, the incidence of SSI was 2.0% in the low-risk group and 15.9% in the high-risk group (p = 0.004).

Conclusion

Our nomogram will enable surgeons to assess the risk of SSI in patients with STS. In patients with high risk of SSI, frequent monitoring and aggressive interventions should be considered to prevent this.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5):492–500.
Controversies in orthopaedic oncology
Authors: Jeys Lee M. , Thorkildsen Joachim , Kurisunkal Vineet , Puri Ajay , Ruggieri Pietro , Houdek Matthew T. , Boyle Richard A. , Ebeid Walid , Botello Eduardo , Morris Guy V. , Laitinen Minna K.
Published: May 2024

Chondrosarcoma is the second most common surgically treated primary bone sarcoma. Despite a large number of scientific papers in the literature, there is still significant controversy about diagnostics, treatment of the primary tumour, subtypes, and complications. Therefore, consensus on its day-to-day treatment decisions is needed. In January 2024, the Birmingham Orthopaedic Oncology Meeting (BOOM) attempted to gain global consensus from 300 delegates from over 50 countries. The meeting focused on these critical areas and aimed to generate consensus statements based on evidence amalgamation and expert opinion from diverse geographical regions. In parallel, periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in oncological reconstructions poses unique challenges due to factors such as adjuvant treatments, large exposures, and the complexity of surgery. The meeting debated two-stage revisions, antibiotic prophylaxis, managing acute PJI in patients undergoing chemotherapy, and defining the best strategies for wound management and allograft reconstruction. The objectives of the meeting extended beyond resolving immediate controversies. It sought to foster global collaboration among specialists attending the meeting, and to encourage future research projects to address unsolved dilemmas. By highlighting areas of disagreement and promoting collaborative research endeavours, this initiative aims to enhance treatment standards and potentially improve outcomes for patients globally. This paper sets out some of the controversies and questions that were debated in the meeting.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5):425–429.
“Wire with something in it from men to men”: Robert Frost, the Rural Telephone Network, and the Poetics of Eavesdropping
Authors: Nathaniel Steven
Published: May 2024

abstract: While many celebrated the rise of electronic communication, some saw it encroaching on honored social customs or beloved listening practices. Robert Frost was one of the latter, and in his 1916 Mountain Interval , he regards the telephone as an evocative antagonist. In this article, I trace his thought and writings from the poetics of telephonic eavesdropping to the spatial sociality of the telephone network. More broadly, I recognize Frost as an exemplar of a counterculture that sought to reconstitute the aesthetics of listening in and through the silences of modernism’s emerging electronic technologies.
“That Sounds like Something Geniuses Do”: Exploring How Vertical Transfer Computing Students Conceptualize PhD Pathways
Authors: Blaney Jennifer , Hernandez Theresa , Wofford Annie , Feldon David
Published: May 2024

There are currently too few computer science faculty to meet student demand, and faculty from historically minoritized groups are severely underrepresented. Expanding pathways from community colleges to PhDs is one critical avenue to both grow and diversify the computer science professoriate that has been underexplored. To gain insight into these pathways, this phenomenological study utilizes interviews with community college transfer students in computer science to examine how they conceptualize PhD study as part of their academic trajectories. Findings highlight experiences (e.g., serving as a tutor) that promote early interest in PhDs among this diverse and talented group of students.
Metanarrative and Resonance in Karl Ove Knausgård's My Struggle : Book 1
Authors: Verri Clara
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Extradiegetic references play a vital part in Karl Ove Knausgård's My Struggle , but little attention has been given to their implications for the meaning of the text. While the protagonist's struggle is at the core of the serial novel, this theme comes with his deep desire for finding a good life. By means of a literary-sociological analysis, this article examines the extradiegetic references and argues that the protagonist's metanarrative strategy is closely linked to his idea of the good life. It relies on the concept of the good life defined by Hartmut Rosa's sociological theory of resonance. The metanarrative of Knausgård's text offers a unique example of what Rosa calls resonance. Analyzing this metanarrative enables us to put into practice resonance theory as a useful tool to highlight different readings of this novel and to identify the narrative functions that metanarrative plays in this text and the affinities it shares with critical realism.
The Occasion in Rhetorical Narrative Theory: Encountering the Book in Ling Ma's Severance
Authors: Punday Daniel
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This essay argues for greater attention to the concept of "occasion" in rhetorical theories of narrative. Although occasion is routinely recognized as an element of the rhetorical situation, it is rarely given attention in narrative theory outside of instances of character narration. I examine how the occasion of the book itself can be theorized. Drawing on Katra Byram's 2022 essay "Narrative as Social Action," I examine the way Ling Ma draws attention to publishing logistics in her novel Severance to show that book publication itself can be understood as constructing an occasion. Ma offers a model that balances the material circumstances of the book itself against the imaginary relationships we project onto the book and the creative force behind the work. This essay concludes by arguing that this kind of occasion has application to a wide variety of qualities associated with the work's paratext.
Indigenous Relational Methodologies and Archives
Authors: Bird Johannah
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Drawing upon personal archive stories in Canada and England, this article adds to the growing body of Indigenous scholarship that considers the practices and experiences of archival research. Archive stories open reflection on practical and theoretical issues that arise around issues of access, privilege, ownership, framing, and mediation, particularly in settler archival spaces. Drawing upon the work of Deyohahá:ge: Indigenous Knowledge Centre and other IKCs, I consider the implications of Anishinaabeg ethics of relation and Haudenosaunee Two Row research methodology for approaches to archival research that attend to sets of relations within and beyond the archive. Settler archives are fraught sites of relation that can require careful negotiation, but Indigenous research methodologies can facilitate archival interpolation and, ultimately, open them up for Indigenous peoples to better access their knowledges and histories.
Modulating secondary growth of perovskite grains through residual solvent evaporation
Authors: Guo Jingwei , Wang Yulong , Guo Haikuo , Ren Xiaoqi , Ning Xuli , Wei Jiali , Yang Haoran , Li Tiantian , Zhu Chengjun , Hou Fuhua
Published: May 2024

Over the past decade, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted enormous attention due to their high performance. One key to fabricating high-quality perovskite films lies in controlling the volatilization rate of residual solvents during the annealing process. This study systematically investigates how different protective substrates affect the volatilization rate of residual solvent in perovskite films. By adjusting the direction and rate of evaporation, the supersaturation time of the solution was precisely controlled, leading to effective recrystallization of the grains. Concurrently, the annealing time was optimized to enhance film quality further. This optimization aimed to increase crystallinity, reduce defects, and thereby minimize non-radiative recombination centers. Implementing these methodologies, particularly the use of filter paper as a protective substrate during a 2-minute annealing process, significantly improved the fill factor (FF) and open-circuit voltage (VOC) of the PSCs. This led to a remarkable 5.26% improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to control devices. The strategies employed in this work demonstrate significant potential in improving PSC film quality. This approach not only advances our understanding of film formation dynamics but also provides a practical guideline for future PSC fabrication.
High-fidelity color characterization in virtual reality across head mounted displays, game engines, and materials
Authors: Díaz-Barrancas Francisco , Rodríguez Raquel Gil , Bayer Florian S. , Aizenman Avi , Gegenfurtner Karl R.
Published: May 2024

We present a comprehensive colorimetric analysis of three head mounted displays (HMDs) - HTC Vive Pro Eye, Pimax 8K X DMAS, and Varjo Aero - focusing on their color calibration and uniformity across different game engines (Unity and Unreal) and for different materials/shaders. We developed a robust methodology combining hardware and software tools, including spectroradiometry and imaging colorimetry, to characterize and calibrate these HMDs for accurate color reproduction. The study showcases substantial advancements in colorimetric accuracy, with a reduction in the average deltaE00 of 90% or more across all tested HMDs and conditions. This level of color reproduction quality is below human discrimination thresholds, ensuring that any color inaccuracies remain imperceptible to the human eye. We also identified key areas for improvement, particularly in display uniformity, which could impact peripheral color reproduction. By making our tools and code publicly available, this study aims to facilitate future research and development in virtual reality (VR) technology, emphasizing the importance of color fidelity in virtual environments. The new insight enabled by our work is the extension and application of a traditional calibration method to currently available HMDs.
Secure high-density constellation mapping OTFS modulation scheme with low PAPR
Authors: Deng Shiyu , Mao Yaya , Ren Jianxin , Liu Bo , Wu Xiangyu , Song Xiumin , Chen Shuaidong , Ullah Rahat , Zhao Lilong , Wang Feng , Zhong Qing
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a secure orthogonal time-frequency space (OTFS) modulation transmission system based on 3D dense constellation mapping (DCM) geometric shaping is proposed, and a selective reduction amplitude algorithm (SRA) for DCM to reduce peak average power ratio (PAPR) is presented. The DCM is based on regular tetrahedron construction to improve its space utilization efficiency. The proposed SRA involves reducing high PAPRs transmitter and restoring them at the receiving end, which only requires an additional 0.57% of the total transmission capacity. The algorithm reduces PAPR while ensuring the bit error rate performance of the system, so it is suitable for systems that need to process large amounts of transmitted data quickly. By verifying the actual transmission performance on a 2 km of 7-core optical fiber transmission system, the optical transmission with a bit rate of 33.93Gb/s is achieved. The experimental results show that when the bit error rate (BER) reaches the 3.8×10−3 threshold, the OTFS system using DCM and SRA could improve the receiver sensitivity by 3.7 dB compared with the OTFS system using concentric cube mapping and SRA, and 2.7 dB compared with the OFDM system using DCM. After adding the SRA, the PAPR of the OTFS system is reduced by more than 2.2 dB. When the received optical power reaches near the bit error rate threshold, the SRA valid data can be fully recovered by optimizing the SRA.
High-harmonic spin-shearing interferometry for spatially resolved EUV magneto-optical spectroscopy
Authors: Brooks Nathan J. , Dorney Kevin M. , Ellis Jennifer , Denton Alexander E. , Gentry Christian , Ryan Sinéad A. , Nguyen Quynh L. D. , Morrill Drew W. , Kapteyn Henry C. , Murnane Margaret M.
Published: May 2024

We present a method for achieving hyperspectral magnetic imaging in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region based on high-harmonic generation (HHG). By interfering two mutually coherent orthogonally-polarized and laterally-sheared HHG sources, we create an EUV illumination beam with spatially-dependent ellipticity. By placing a magnetic sample in the beamline and sweeping the relative time delay between the two sources, we record a spatially resolved interferogram that is sensitive to the EUV magnetic circular dichroism of the sample. This image contains the spatially-resolved magneto-optical response of the sample at each harmonic order, and can be used to measure the magnetic properties of spatially inhomogeneous magnetic samples.
Advanced fabrication of polymer waveguide interferometric sensor utilizing interconnected holey fibers
Authors: Shao Zhihua , Liu Jing , Zhou Kuangyu , Zhang Ziyu , Liang Ruiming , Qiao Xueguang
Published: May 2024

A universally applicable approach is proposed for the fabrication of fiber-optic polymer sensors. The hollow-core fibers (HCFs) with inner diameters of 30 µm, 50 µm, and 75 µm are spliced coaxially with dual-hole fiber (DHF) or photonic crystal fiber (PCF). Owing to the sized-matched air holes within HCF and DHF/PCF, an interconnected in-fiber microchannel is constructed, which facilitates rapid and complete filling of the HCF’s central hole with liquid glue. After the ultraviolet-induced polymerization, a polymer Fabry-Perot interferometer is achieved by cutting the HCF end with a desired cavity length. Besides, the interference visibility is significantly enhanced by adding a refractive-index-modulated polymer cap onto the cutting surface. Experimental results demonstrate the optimized interference spectra and the interconnection of the matched air-hole fibers. The polymer sensor exhibits a signal-to-noise ratio of 56.8 dB for detecting pulsed ultrasonic waves, which is more than twice that of a partially polymer-filled sensor. Due to the hermetically-sealed structure, the sensor probe presents constrained performance with a temperature sensitivity of 230.2 pm/°C and a humidity sensitivity of 93.7 pm/%RH, which can be further improved by releasing the polymer waveguide from fiber cladding. Based on interconnected holey fibers, the proposed approach has a uniform size-controlled polymer waveguide dimension with increased spectrum visibility, rendering it suitable for a diverse range of microstructure-matched optical fibers.
Femtosecond laser writing of robust waveguides in optical fibers with enhanced photosensitivity
Authors: Colliard L. , Lapointe J. , Grégoire N. , Morency S. , Vallée R. , Bellec M. , Bernier M.
Published: May 2024

We report the femtosecond laser writing of meter-long optical waveguides inscribed through the coating of specifically designed optical fibers. In order to improve the material photosensitivity and to ensure non-guiding optical fibers for subsequent laser processing of the waveguiding core, a depressed refractive index core design is implemented by co-doping a large portion of the optical fiber with germanium oxide and fluorine. The enhanced photosensitivity provided by further deuterium loading these fibers allows laser-writing of large refractive index contrast waveguides over wide cross sections. To mitigate the formation of photoinduced color centers causing high propagation losses in the photo-written waveguides, thermal annealing up to 400°C is performed on polyimide-coated laser-written fibers. Although the refractive index contrast decreases, the propagation losses are drastically reduced down to 0.08 dB/cm at 900nm allowing a robust single-mode guiding from visible to near infrared. Our results pave the way towards the development of a new generation of optical fibers and photonic components with arbitrarily complex designs.
Holographic phase retrieval via Wirtinger flow: Cartesian form with auxiliary amplitude
Authors: Uchiyama Ittetsu , Tsutake Chihiro , Takahashi Keita , Fujii Toshiaki
Published: May 2024

We propose a new gradient method for holography, where a phase-only hologram is parameterized by not only the phase but also amplitude. The key idea of our approach is the formulation of a phase-only hologram using an auxiliary amplitude. We optimize the parameters using the so-called Wirtinger flow algorithm in the Cartesian domain, which is a gradient method defined on the basis of the Wirtinger calculus. At the early stage of optimization, each element of the hologram exists inside a complex circle, and it can take a large gradient while diverging from the origin. This characteristic contributes to accelerating the gradient descent. Meanwhile, at the final stage of optimization, each element evolves along a complex circle, similar to previous state-of-the-art gradient methods. The experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms previous methods, primarily due to the optimization of the amplitude.