bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PowerbyProxi Connecting the Unknown Dots in the Commercialisation of Inductive Power Transfer
Authors: Karlson Brian , France Nadine , Bellavitis Cristiano
Published: September 2017

This case describes New Zealand technology company PowerbyProxi, which was established by entrepreneurs Fady Mishriki and Greg Cross in 2007. PowerbyProxi developed a patented wireless slip ring designed for applications within the “wet, dirty and moving” industrial market and also offered breakthrough technology for wireless charging solutions for consumer electronics market. The case gives an overview of one research commercialisation experience through the lens of a New Zealand start-up. It depicts the challenges related to developing a viable product; identifying, creating and interacting with a market; securing intellectual property rights, and developing a business model.
Relationships between Managerial Power Orientation and Unit Cohesiveness: Implications for R&D Management at NASA
Authors: Arize Augustine C. , Liu Scott , Nyaanga Solomon , Malindretos John
Published: September 2017

This study examines relationships between managers’ self and subordinate ratings of controlling and power sharing on their units' perceptions of intra-group and inter­unit cohesiveness. Four hundred and forty-five NASA middle managers and 1795 of their subordinates completed a 122 item survey of management practices and group climate. Results indicate that managers who use both controlling and power sharing behavior have more cohesive units than managers who use only one orientation. Unit cohesiveness was greater when managers’ self-ratings were consistent with their subordinates' ratings.
How United Airlines’ Analytics and Algorithms Can Help to Save American Democracy
Authors: Seldin Maury , Johnson Liz
Published: September 2017

This essay and analysis brings to light how analytics and algorithms, such as those used by United Airlines in thedecision to forcibly remove a passenger, highlights the interdependence between American business and AmericanDemocracy. The focus is on the injustices to a diverse group of stakeholders. Considering the United States SupremeCourt ruling in 2010 that corporations have rights like people do, the critical question is in the relationships of rightsof the non-corporate people; stakeholders including passengers, company personnel, management, stockholders, andthe general public. All of this is in the context of corporate culture and the evolving culture of American Democracy.The concentration on bottom line analytics and disregard for ethical treatment of various stakeholders, especiallyfare-paying passengers, weakens the respect for the integrity of rights among the variety of stakeholders. Theconsequence is an endangerment of the future of American Democracy, especially from internal self-destructiveforces of unbridled capitalism.
Transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy for prostate cancer detection: Systematic and/or magnetic-resonance imaging-targeted
Authors: Bladou Franck , Fogaing Cora , Levental Mark , Aronson Samuel , Alameldin Mona , Anidjar Maurice
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is being more widely used in the detection of prostate cancer (PCa), particularly after an initial negative biopsy. In this study, we compared 12-core systematic biopsy (SYS), MRI-targeted biopsy (TAR), and the association of systematic and MRI-targeted (SYS+TAR) prostate biopsy in patients with previous biopsy and those who were biopsy-naive to evaluate the differences in terms of cancer detection and clinically significant cancer detection between the three modalities.Methods: Overall, 203 consecutive patients with suspicion of PCa were analyzed; 48.2% were biopsy-naive and 51.7% had at least one previous negative prostate biopsy. The median age was 66 years, median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 7.9 ng/mL and median prostate volume was 46 mL. 38.9% had SYS, 19.2% TAR only, and 41.8% had SYS+TAR biopsy.Results: Overall, the PCa detection (PCaDR) was 63%. The SYS+TAR biopsy detected significantly more cancer than SYS and TAR only biopsies (72.9% vs. 56.9% and 53.8% respectively; p=0.03). Detection rate of clinically significant cancer (csPCaDR) was 50.7% overall; 65.8% in the SYS+TAR biopsy vs. 39.2% in the SYS and 48.7% in the TAR groups (p=0.002). In the biopsy-naive group, PCaDR and csPCaDR were significantly higher in the SYS+TAR group than in the SYS and TAR groups (p=0.01). In the repeat biopsy group, PCaDR and csPCaDR were equivalent in the TAR and SYS+TAR groups and higher than in the SYS group (p=0.001).Conclusions: TAR biopsy, when added to SYS biopsy, was associated with a higher detection rate of csPCa in biopsy-naive patients when compared to TAR and SYS only biopsies. In patients after previous negative biopsy, detection rates of csPCa were equivalent for SYS+TAR and TAR only biopsies, but higher than SYS.
Case: Primary erectile dysfunction due to congenital isolated cavernous bodies
Authors: Henriquez Katherine I. , Brock Gerald
Published: September 2017

N/A
The Significance of Including an Entrepreneurship Course in Engineering Programs
Authors: Mosly Ibrahim
Published: September 2017

This paper studied the significance of entrepreneurship education in engineering programs. It looked into its influence on engineering students’ perception and willingness to change their future job direction. The study was performed at the College of Engineering-Rabigh Branch, of King Abdulaiziz University in Saudi Arabia. Entrepreneurship education was introduced in 2013 to all of the college’s engineering programs in the form of an introductory course on entrepreneurship (IEN 481). This study reveals the importance of entrepreneurship education to engineering students, as the majority of study participants seek to establish their own business in the future. Moreover, 90% of the participants agreed that the IEN 481 course provided them with sufficient knowledge and skills required to establish their future businesses. In addition, the IEN 481 course changed the students’ mindsets and increased their entrepreneurial awareness.
Het structuurregime: vijf rechtsvragen in de praktijk
Authors: Visser J.H.G.
Published: September 2017

Het structuurregime: vijf rechtsvragen in de praktijk

In de praktijk blijkt dat het huidige structuurregime nog veel vragen oproept, omdat de wet en de literatuur op een aantal punten geen heldere richtlijnen geven. In deze bijdrage bespreekt de auteur enkele punten waar praktijkbeoefenaars bij het opzetten of het afschaffen van een structuurregime tegenaan (kunnen) lopen.
De aansprakelijkheid van beherend vennoten bij toetreding tot een personenvennootschap in het licht van het voorstel van de Werkgroep Personenvennootschappen
Authors: Canev N.C.
Published: September 2017

De aansprakelijkheid van beherend vennoten bij toetreding tot een personenvennootschap in het licht van het voorstel van de Werkgroep Personenvennootschappen

De Werkgroep Personenvennootschappen wijkt in haar voorstel af van de door de Hoge Raad in het Carlande-arrest (2015) ontwikkelde rechtsregel dat een beherend vennoot in een VOF of CV bij toetreden ook aansprakelijk wordt voor schulden die zijn ontstaan vóór zijn toetreden. De auteur onderzoekt de wenselijkheid van dit voorstel.
‘The carried and the stick’: verkenning naar gebruikelijke participatiestructuren voor teamleden van een beheerder van beleggingsinstellingen vanuit toezicht-, ondernemings- en civielrechtelijk perspectief
Authors: Veldman I.J.W. , Maters M.C.
Published: September 2017

‘The carried and the stick’: verkenning naar gebruikelijke participatiestructuren voor teamleden van een beheerder van beleggingsinstellingen vanuit toezicht-, ondernemings- en civielrechtelijk perspectief

In dit artikel worden de verschillende aspecten van carried interest- en co-investeringsparticipatie van teamleden van een beheerder van beleggingsinstellingen besproken vanuit civiel-, ondernemings- en toezichtrechtelijk perspectief. Aandacht wordt onder meer besteed aan de structurering van deze carried interest- en co-investeringsparticipatie en onderlinge afspraken tussen teamleden.
Wetgevingspakket Schone Energie voor alle Europeanen
Authors: Gaasbeek P.B. , Geerts-Zandveld N.R.
Published: September 2017

Wetgevingspakket Schone Energie voor alle Europeanen

Het wetgevingspakket van de Europese Commissie van 30 november 2016, Schone Energie voor alle Europeanen, telt een 15-tal documenten. Ten behoeve van de hoofddoelstelling ‘Energie-efficiëntie eerst’ zijn onder meer voorstellen opgenomen tot aanpassing van de efficiëntiedoelstelling, een verzwaarde verplichting tot energiebesparing en de invoering van ‘aan verplichtingen verbonden partijen’. Bovendien worden er maatregelen voorgesteld ten behoeve van de aanleg van laadinfrastructuur en de kosteneffectieve renovatie van gebouwen. Dit laatste kan helpen energiearmoede te voorkomen of in elk geval te beperken. Ten behoeve van de hoofddoelstelling ‘Consumenten op een faire manier laten meeprofiteren’ zijn maatregelen opgenomen ten einde consumenten te laten deelnemen aan de markt en het sturen van de vraagkant. Daarbij wordt een nieuwe marktrol geïntroduceerd, de aggregator.

http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/news/commission-proposes-new-rules-consumer-centred-clean-energy-transition
Een vrije dienstenmarkt: nieuwe initiatieven van de Commissie in een weerbarstige materie
Authors: van Rijn T.P.J.N.
Published: September 2017

Een vrije dienstenmarkt: nieuwe initiatieven van de Commissie in een weerbarstige materie

Dit artikel geeft een overzicht van de nieuwe initiatieven die de Commissie heeft genomen om de nog bestaande belemmeringen op de dienstenmarkt te verwijderen. Deze initiateven zijn gebundeld in het services package dat op 10 januari is gepresenteerd. Het gaat om de invoering van een Europese e-kaart, een wijziging van de kennisgevingsprocedure voor vergunningstelsels, de precisering van. de evenredigheidsbeoordeling voorafgaand aan nieuwe of gewijzigde reglementering van beroepen en aanbevelingen aan de lidstaten voor de hervorming van professionele dienstverlening. Tot slot worden enkele kanttekeningen geplaatst.

http://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/newsroom/cf/itemdetail.cfm?item_id=9053
Migrations and Tourism. Economical and Socio-cultural Consequences of Spatial Mobility
Authors: Isański Jakub
Published: September 2017

Puropose. The aim of this article is analysis ofthe state of art to discuss the similarities of the two selected types of mass contemporary spatial mobility – migration and tourism. Method. Desk research. The paper presents theoretical analysis. Findings. Three important aspects are presented in the text, as seen by the author, the similarities of migration and tourism: the settlement into similar areas – as tourists and migrants tend to visit these spaces and improve the cultural change there, maintaining social networks within particular ethnic groups – both in the places of origin and arrival, and the spatial concentration of migrants and tourists. Research and conclusion limitations. The text refers to a limited number of studies, and presented examples relate to selected human communities. The common denominator is the mobility space, which by the way, leads to multi-faceted changes both in the culture of the host country and in places where tourists or migrants arrive. Practical implications: Underlying the need to adapt the definition of ‘theoretical’ (operating) to the changing contemporary patterns of mobility and social consequences of intercultural relations. Originality. The presented work is in need of an extension regarding the current topics in literature indicating the interrelationship of migration and tourism. In the paper, the concept of social remittances is presented. This brings our attention to the effects of changes in spatial mobility beyond their direct participants. Type of paper. The text is a review based on desk research as a background.
The Impact of Political and Economic Factors on Changes in Tourist Arrivals in the Broader Middle East at the Beginning of the 21st Century
Authors: Matera Rafał , Miksa Klaudia
Published: September 2017

Purpose. To present the changes in tourist arrivals in the Broader Middle East in the 21st century and to point at potential political and economic reasons influencing these changes. Method. Analysis of the rankings and statistical sets (mainly from World Bank) and the review of the events influencing the changes in tourist arrivals to the Middle East. Findings. Analysis points out that political factors and political security strongly impacted tourist arrivals to the Broader Middle East at the beginning of the 21st century, even more strongly than the threats and effects of the global financial crisis. Research and conclusion limitations. Difficulties in the separation of political and economic factors should be underlined. Practical implications. The paper may be used as didactic support by students of economic and touristic fields of studies. The results may be also used by tourists and travel agencies. Originality. There is lack of specialized papers concentrating within the objective scope regarding this region or during this period of time. Type of paper. A combination of an overview with empirical studies.
Wspomnienie o profesorze Kazimierzu Denku: patriocie, wychowawcy, uczonym, turyście, krajoznawcy oraz twórcy edukacji turystyczno-krajoznawczej dla dzieci i młodzieży
Authors: Dziubiński Zbigniew
Published: September 2017

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Resolution and Quantitation of Triamcinolone Acetonide and Its Coformulated Drug in the Presence of Its Impurities and Degradation Products by HPTLC and HPLC
Authors: Abbas Samah S , Hegazy Maha A , Hendawy Hassan A M , Weshahy Soheir A , Abdelwahab May H
Published: September 2017

Two specific, sensitive, and precise stability-indicating chromatographic methods have been developed for the determination of triamcinolone acetonide (TMC) and its coformulated drug, econazole nitrate (ECZ), in the presence of TMC impurities and degradation products. The first method was based on HPTLC-spectrodensitometry in which resolution and quantitation was achieved by using silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates and an ethyl acetate–tetrahydrofuran–ammonia mobile phase (10.0 + 7.0 + 0.1, v/v/v). The second method was a reversed-phase HPLC method in which separation was achieved using an acetonitrile–methanol–0.05 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate mobile phase, pH 3.0 (25.0 + 15.0 + 60.0, v/v/v). In both methods, the separated components were detected at 225 nm. Validation of both methods was conducted in compliance with International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, and system suitability was confirmed. The linearity ranges were 0.20–28.00 and 0.50–55.00 µg/band for TMC and ECZ by HPTLC, whereas for HPLC, the range was 0.05–30.00 and 1.00–40.00 µg/mL for both drugs, respectively. The methods were successfully applied for the analysis of a pharmaceutical formulation and were compared with the reported method with no significant difference.
Development of an Accurate and Sensitive Analytical Method for the Determination of Cadmium at Trace Levels Using Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on the Solidification of Floating Organic Drops Combined with Slotted Quartz Tube Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Aydin Ilgin , Chormey Dotse Selali , Budak Türkan , Fırat Merve , Turak Fatma , Bakirdere Sezgin
Published: September 2017

A dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique based on a solidification-of-floating-organic-drop (SFOD) procedure was developed for the determination of trace amounts of cadmium (Cd) by using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS) fitted with a slotted quartz tube (SQT). The extraction of Cd was achieved by forming a complex with diphenylcarbazone. Parameters affecting the formation of complex and extraction outputs were carefully optimized to obtain high-absorbance signals to achieve lower LODs. An SQT was fitted on top of the flame burner head to further enhance the absorbance of the signals recorded by the FAAS. Coupling the DLLME-SFOD procedure with SQT-FAAS produced an enhancement factor of about 183. The LOD of the method was 0.23 µg/L with an RSD of 3.8%. Matrix-matching was used to overcome any low recovery results obtained with tap water and municipal wastewater.
Characterizing GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Use in Preadolescent and Adolescent Populations
Authors: Miller Margaret G. , Terebuh Pauline , Kaelber David C. , Xu Rong , Davis Pamela B.
Published: October 2024

This cross-sectional study examines the characteristics of preadolescent and adolescent populations who received glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists.
Antipsychotic Drugs and Cognitive Function
Authors: Feber Lena , Peter Natalie L. , Chiocchia Virginia , Schneider-Thoma Johannes , Siafis Spyridon , Bighelli Irene , Hansen Wulf-Peter , Lin Xiao , Prates-Baldez Daniel , Salanti Georgia , Keefe Richard S. E. , Engel Rolf R. , Leucht Stefan
Published: October 2024

Importance

Cognitive deficits are a substantial part of the symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) and contribute heavily to the burden of disease. Antipsychotic drugs are not cognitive enhancers, but due to their different receptor-binding profiles, they could differ in their effects on cognition. No previous network meta-analysis compared antipsychotics to placebo, which is important to determine whether use of these drugs is associated with cognitive performance in SSDs at all.

Objective

To determine the association of treatment with various antipsychotics and cognition in patients with SSDs.

Data Sources

Cochrane Schizophrenia Trials Register through June 25, 2023.

Study Selection

Randomized clinical trials examining the effects on cognition of antipsychotic drugs or placebo in participants with SSD.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

A systematic review and random-effects frequentist network meta-analysis was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses–Network Meta-analysis reporting guideline.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was change in overall cognition score calculated for each study. Secondary outcomes included cognitive domains, quality of life, and functioning.

Results

This study included 68 studies involving 9525 participants (mean [SD] age, 35.1 [8.9] years; 5878 male [70%] and 2890 [30%] female; some studies did not provide this information). There were few clear differences between antipsychotics, but first-generation dopamine antagonists haloperidol (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.04; 95% CI, −0.25 to 0.33) and fluphenazine (SMD, 0.15; 95% CI, −0.39 to 0.69) as well as clozapine (SMD, 0.12; 95% CI, −0.23 to 0.48) ranked low. No individual antipsychotic was associated with a clearly better outcome than placebo, but antipsychotics as a group were, with small effect sizes (mean SMDs: adrenergic/low dopamine, −0.21; serotonergic/dopaminergic, −0.26; muscarinic, −0.28; dopaminergic, −0.40).

Conclusion and Relevance

Although data are relatively sparse, those reviewed in this study suggest that first-generation dopamine antagonists and clozapine should be avoided when cognitive deficits are a concern. Antipsychotics are not procognitive drugs. The overall small superior outcomes compared to placebo may be explained by less disordered thought patterns associated with fewer positive symptoms rather than cognitive deficits in the proper sense. The findings also suggest that harmonizing measurement of cognitive function in randomized clinical trials would be beneficial.
Comparison of Outcomes for Patients Treated by Allopathic vs Osteopathic Surgeons
Authors: Russell Tara A. , Yoshida Ryu , Men Mauranda , Li Ruixin , Maggard-Gibbons Melinda , de Virgilio Christian , Russell Marcia M. , Tsugawa Yusuke
Published: October 2024

Importance

There are 2 degree programs for licensed physicians in the US: allopathic medical doctorate (MD) and osteopathic doctorate (DO). However, evidence is limited as to whether outcomes differ between patients treated by MD vs DO surgeons.

Objective

To evaluate differences in surgical outcomes and practice patterns by surgeon medical school training (MD vs DO).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used 100% Medicare claims data from inpatient hospitals providing surgical services from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2019 among Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65 to 99 years who underwent 1 of the 14 most common surgical procedures. Data analysis was performed from January 17, 2023, to August 13, 2024.

Exposure

Medical school degree (MD vs DO).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was 30-day mortality, and the secondary outcomes were readmissions and length of stay. To assess differences between surgeons by medical school training, a multivariable linear probability model was used, which was adjusted for hospital fixed effects and patient, procedure, and surgeon characteristics.

Results

Of the 2 360 108 total surgical procedures analyzed, 2 154 562 (91.3%) were performed by MD surgeons, and 205 546 (8.7%) were performed by DO surgeons. Of 43 651 total surgeons, most surgeons were MDs (39 339 [90.1%]), the median (SD) age was 49.0 (9.8) years, and 6649 surgeons (15.2%) were female. The mean (SD) age of patients undergoing surgical procedures was 74.9 (6.7) years, 1 353 818 of 2 360 108 patients (57.4%) were female, and 2 110 611 patients (89.4%) self-reported as White. DO surgeons were significantly more likely to operate on older patients (DO patient mean [SD] age: 75.3 [7.1] years; MD patient mean [SD] age: 74.8 [6.6]), female patients (DO: 60.2% of patients; MD: 57.1% of patients), and Medicaid dual-eligible patients (DO: 10.3% of patients; MD: 8.6% of patients). DOs performed a lower proportion of elective operations (DO: 74.2% vs MD: 80.2%) and were more likely to work in public hospitals (DO: 10.3%; MD: 9.5%) and nonteaching hospitals (DO: 57.9%; MD: 68.1%). There was no evidence that 30-day mortality differed between MD and DO surgeons (adjusted mortality rate, DO: 1.61%; MD: 1.58%; absolute risk difference [aRD], −0.04 percentage points; 95% CI, −0.11 to 0.04; P = .37). On secondary analyses, no difference was found in 30-day readmissions or length of stay between MD and DO surgeons.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this retrospective cohort study using Medicare data, there was no evidence that patient outcomes differed between MD and DO surgeons for common operations after adjusting for patient factors and practice settings.
Circulating Baseline CXCR3+Th2 and Th17 Cell Proportions Correlate With Trabecular Bone Loss After 48 Weeks of Biological Treatment in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Scheffler Julia M. , Drevinge Christina , Lindholm Catharina , Gjertsson Inger , Lend Kristina , Lund Hetland Merete , Østergaard Mikkel , Uhlig Till , Schrumpf Heiberg Marte , Haavardsholm Espen A. , Nurmohamed Michael T. , Lampa Jon , Sokka‐Isler Tuulikki , Nordström Dan , Hørslev‐Petersen Kim , Gudbjornsson Bjorn , Gröndal Gerdur , van Vollenhoven Ronald , Carlsten Hans , Lorentzon Mattias , Hultgård Ekwall Anna‐Karin , Rudin Anna , Islander Ulrika
Published: October 2024

Objective

The high prevalence of osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is due to inflammation that stimulates differentiation of osteoclasts, a process involving circulating monocytes and T cell–derived factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate relations between circulating monocytes, T cell subsets, and changes in bone characteristics before and after treatment with biological disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in RA.

Methods

Thirty patients with untreated early RA who met the American College of Rheumatology/EULAR 2010 criteria were included. Data were collected before and 48 weeks after treatment with methotrexate (MTX) together with one of three bDMARDs (abatacept, tocilizumab, or certolizumab pegol). Disease activity was measured using the Clinical Disease Activity Index, swollen or tender joint counts, C‐reactive protein levels, and erythrocyte sedimentation rates. Proportions of monocyte and CD4+ T cell subsets in blood samples were analyzed by flow cytometry. Bone densitometry was performed using high‐resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR‐pQCT).

Results

HR‐pQCT revealed an overall decrease in cortical (P = 0.009) and trabecular (P = 0.034) bone mineral density, although a subset of patients showed no bone loss after 48 weeks of treatment. The overall bone loss was not associated with age, body mass index, sex, intraarticular glucocorticoid injections, or baseline disease activity. Loss of trabecular bone volume fraction correlated with high proportions of circulating CXCR3+Th2 cells (r = −0.38, P = 0.04) and CXCR3+Th17 cells (r = −0.36, P = 0.05) at baseline. Similarly, no loss of trabecular bone volume fraction correlated with high proportions of regulatory T cells (r = 0.4, P = 0.03) at baseline. However, the associations were not significant when corrected for confounders and multiple testing.

Conclusion

MTX together with bDMARDs efficiently reduce disease activity but only prevent bone loss in a subset of patients with RA after 48 weeks of treatment. The correlations of circulating baseline T helper cell and regulatory T cell populations with trabecular bone changes suggest a potential novel role for these cells in systemic bone homeostasis during early RA.
Evaluation of Anti‐Inflammatory and Immunosuppressant Potential of Isotelekin in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Stimulated Macrophage (RAW 264.7) and Sheep Red Blood Cells (SRBC) Sensitized Murine Models
Authors: Qasam Irfan , Nawaz Shah , Kumari Hema , Chauhan Narendra , Nalli Yedukondalu , Yadav Govind
Published: October 2024

The present study explored the natural compound Isotelekin isolated from Inula racemose against anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cell lines and immune‐elevated SRBC‐sensitized animal models. Isotelekin in in vitro studies, inhibited the production of Th‐1 cytokines Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), Tumour necrosis factor (TNF‐α), and Interferon‐gamma (INF‐γ), and increased Th‐2 cytokines Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10). Whereas it inhibited the nitrites and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by mitigating the effect of LPS significantly. In vivo immunomodulatory activity in Delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) and Hemagglutinating antibody (HA), Isotelekin suppressed the cellular as well as humoral immunity in immune‐affected and SRBC‐sensitized mice. Isotelekin decreased the phagocytic responses against carbon particles and plaque‐forming mainly IgG (Immunoglobulin G) production. Additionally, Isotelekin showed immunosuppressive potential through the evaluation of splenocytes, allograft acceptance, and haematological parameters. Molecular studies, including western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry, revealed that Isotelekin reduced the expression of iNOS (Inducible nitric oxide synthase), COX‐2 (Cyclo‐Oxygenase 2), and p‐IkBα (Phospho I‐kappa‐B‐alpha), and significantly inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB/p65. Based on these results, Isotelekin at 10 µm in in vitro and at 30 mg kg−1 in in vivo demonstrated strong anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapeutic potential.
Ultratough, Robustness, and Reprocessable Thermoset Epoxy Resins Synergistically Enhanced by Hierarchical Coordination Interactions and Dynamic Covalent Networks
Authors: Xie Hui , Bao Feng , Zhang Hao , Zhao Changbo , Shi Ludi , Cui Jinze , Li Xiyan , Pan Yi , Zhu Caizhen , Ding Xiaobin , Xu Jian
Published: October 2024

Epoxy resins, ubiquitous and indispensable thermosetting material in various industries, suffer from the resistance to crack initiation, poor ductility, and irreparable permanent cross‐linked network, which hinder their utilization in high‐performance applications and are detrimental to the development of a sustainable economy. However, achieving the trade‐off between toughness, robustness, and reprocessability of epoxy resins remains a formidable challenge. Herein, an epoxy resin that combines ultratoughness, robustness, and reprocessability by incorporating a hierarchical crosslink structure embedded in a transesterification network is reported. The construction of hierarchical coordination structures facilitates formation of dense nano‐hard domains, enabling enhancement of both strength and toughness at multilength scales. As a result, the epoxy resin, integrating covalent adaptable networks with sacrificial non‐covalent networks, exhibits exceptional elongation at break (280%), modulus (1.8 GPa), stress at break (56.3 MPa), and tensile toughness (142 MJ m−3), showcasing its excellent endurance and ability to undergo multiple reprocessability. The application of this epoxy resin in carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer composites further underscores its potential as the resulting HCEV‐CFRPs exhibit unprecedented tensile properties and facilitate multiple non‐destructive recycling of high‐value carbon fiber under mild conditions. This research provides novel design principles for recyclable and high‐performance materials that combine strength and toughness.
Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence of Cocrystals of Aromatic Bisimides and Triplet Sensitizer Pt(acac)2
Authors: Soldner Simon , Sun Meng‐Jia , Anhalt Olga , Sárosi Menyhárt B. , Stolte Matthias , Würthner Frank
Published: October 2024

Four sterically shielded aromatic bisimides are synthesized and their ability to form cocrystals with the triplet sensitizer platinum(II) acetylacetonate (Pt(acac)2) is investigated. Single crystals of the individual electron‐deficient bisimides are studied first, two showing bright blue fluorescence with quantum yields of up to 28%, while the other two barely emit at all. After successful cocrystallization of all four aromatic bisimides with the electron‐rich Pt(II) complex, two different stoichiometries, either 1:1 or 1:2, are found in the crystalline solid state, whose absorbance and photoluminescence exhibit distinct bathochromic shifts. While two naphthalene bisimides show strong and long‐lived room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) with quantum yield exceeding 50%, the other two aromatic bisimides show only minor photoluminescence at RT, but a bright low‐temperature phosphorescence (LTP) at 80 K. Theoretical calculations reveal the importance of changing the magnetic quantum number ml of the involved d‐orbitals at the platinum center as well as the alignment of the Pt(II) center above an aromatic C─C bond for an efficient intersystem crossing in these hybrid systems.
Circularly Polarized Organic Ultralong Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence: Generation, Enhancement, and Application
Authors: Liu Jiao , Zhou Xinyu , Tang Xinzhou , Tang Yuqi , Wu Junjie , Song Zhenpeng , Jiang Haoyi , Ma Yun , Li Bingxiang , Lu Yanqing , Li Quan
Published: October 2024

Circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) materials have garnered tremendous attention owing to their expanded optical properties beyond emission wavelength and intensity. Among these, the emerging circularly polarized organic ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence (CP‐OURTP) materialsdemonstrating elegant and distinct features are of significant importance for their extended emission lifetime, which represent a novel frontier in research with promising scientific and technological applications across diverse fields. This review systematically outlines the traditional strategies to achieve CP‐OURTP including organic crystals, copolymerization, host–guest doping, a combination of the copolymerization and host–guest doping, spinning and twisting technology, and supramolecular polymer assembly. Importantly, the recent significant progress of CP‐OURTP in the chiral soft materials, such as liquid crystals (LCs) involving lyotropic LCs (cellulose nanocrystals, CNCs) and chiral thermotropic LCs (cholesteric LCs and chiral LC elastomers), is showcased. Finally, the practical applications of CP‐OURTP materials are summarized, and the review concludes with the perspectives on the current challenges and future opportunities for CP‐OURTP materials. This review aims to inspire the further innovations in the fabrication of advanced CP‐OURTP materials and enrich their promising applications.
Engineered Multifunctional BioHJzyme via Tuning D‐Band Center for Postoperative Infected Wound Regeneration of Tumor Resection
Authors: Deng Yi , Lian Xiaoke , Lin Zhijie , Sun Dan , Zou Haiyang , Chan Yau Kei , Yang Weizhong , He Miaomiao , Yin Guangfu
Published: October 2024

The catalytic therapy for abundant •OH, 1O2, and •O2− provides an efficient tactic and methodology for rapid tumor/bacteria killing, whereas the limitation is focused on the catalytic efficiency owing to the in‐built energy band of catalytic materials. Thus, d‐band center tuning BioHJzyme is devised, which is composed of zinc tellurate/manganese dioxide anchored by glucose oxidase (GOx) with anti‐tumor and anti‐bacteria properties for postoperative infected wound regeneration of tumor. The GOx depletes glucose to produce H2O2, intercepting the glucose metabolism. The D‐BioHJzyme can catalyze the produced H2O2 to highly lethal •OH with POD‐mimetic activity owing to the tunned d‐band center strategy decreasing the adsorption energy of the intermediate in the catalytical process, while the oxygen originated from H2O2 and Mn2+ can be catalyzed into 1O2. The GPx‐mimetic activity of it can impair the antioxidant system of tumor. In vivo studies show that the BioHJzyme exhibits robust abilities against bacteria and tumors by •OH/1O2 production and promotes the apoptosis owing the Te. Besides, the BioHJzyme can accelerate cutaneous regeneration by M1/M2 regulation and the angiogenesis/collagen deposition. This work enlightens a powerful platform for the remedy of postoperative infected wound regeneration of tumor resection using an engineered BioHJzyme.
Porous and Conductive Fiber Woven Textile for Multi‐Functional Protection, Personal Warmth, and Intelligent Motion/Temperature Perception
Authors: Chai Jialong , Wang Guilong , Wang Guizhen , Shao Runze , Zhao Jinchuan , Zhao Guoqun , Park Chul B.
Published: October 2024

Industrialization and human activities have introduced numerous hazards, including exposure to harsh chemicals, radiation, static electricity, and fire risks, particularly in high‐risk sectors such as engineering, rescue operations, military, and aerospace. This study presents a multi‐functional protective textile developed from a conductive fiber composed of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and carbon nanotubes (CNT), crucial for ensuring personal safety. The conductive fiber demonstrates remarkable strength (17.3 MPa), high porosity (76%), and significant electrical conductivity (185 S m−1), coupled with excellent fineness and flexibility due to its dual‐nanofibrous structure. The resulting textile exhibits exceptional hydrophobicity, chemical resistance, and high electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (29 dB in the X‐band), alongside a superior UV protective factor (>3000) and anti‐static properties. Notably, it possesses outstanding electro/photo thermal conversion capabilities, enabling consistent heat generation for personal warmth. Additionally, the textile responds electrically to deformation and temperature changes, facilitating intelligent applications such as motion and temperature monitoring and fire alerts. This work offers a novel strategy for fabricating PTFE‐based composite fibers with porous microstructures and high electrical conductivity, setting a new standard for next‐generation protective clothing with advanced functionalities.
Responsive Magnetic Particle Imaging Tracer: Overcoming “Always‐On” Limitation, Eliminating Interference, and Ensuring Safety in Adaptive Therapy
Authors: Guan Guoqiang , Shi Guangyuan , Liu Huiyi , Xu Juntao , Zhang Qingpeng , Dong Zhe , Lu Chang , Wang Youjuan , Lei Lingling , Nan Bin , Zhang Cheng , Yue Renye , Du Yang , Tian Jie , Song Guosheng
Published: October 2024

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) has emerged as a novel technology utilizing superparamagnetic nanoparticles as tracers, essential for disease diagnosis and treatment guidance in preclinical animal models. Unlike other modalities, MPI provides high sensitivity, deep tissue penetration, and no signal attenuation. However, existing MPI tracers suffer from “always‐on” signals, which complicate organ‐specific imaging and hinder accuracy. To overcome these challenges, we have developed a responsive MPI tracer using pH‐responsive PdFe alloy particles coated with a gatekeeper polymer. This tracer exhibits pH‐sensitive Fe release and modulation of the MPI signal, enabling selective imaging with a higher signal‐to‐noise ratio and intratumoral pH quantification. Notably, this responsive tracer facilitates subtraction‐enhanced MPI imaging, effectively eliminating interference from liver uptake and expanding the scope of abdominal imaging. Additionally, the tracer employs a dual‐function mechanism for adaptive cancer therapy, combining pH‐switchable enzyme‐like catalysis with dual‐key co‐activation of ROS generation, and Pd skeleton that scavenges free radicals to minimize Fe‐related toxicity. This advancement promises to significantly expand MPI's applicability in diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring, marking a leap forward in imaging technology.
A Highly‐Sensitive Omnidirectional Acoustic Sensor for Enhanced Human–Machine Interaction
Authors: Qiao Wenyan , Zhou Linglin , Zhang Jiayue , Liu Di , Gao Yikui , Liu Xiaoru , Zhao Zhihao , Guo Ziting , Li Xinyuan , Zhang Baofeng , Wang Zhong Lin , Wang Jie
Published: October 2024

Acoustic sensor‐based human–machine interaction (HMI) plays a crucial role in natural and efficient communication in intelligent robots. However, accurately identifying and tracking omnidirectional sound sources, especially in noisy environments still remains a notable challenge. Here, a self‐powered triboelectric stereo acoustic sensor (SAS) with omnidirectional sound recognition and tracking capabilities by a 3D structure configuration is presented. The SAS incorporates a porous vibrating film with high electron affinity and low Young's modulus, resulting in high sensitivity (3172.9 mVpp Pa−1) and a wide frequency response range (100–20 000 Hz). By utilizing its omnidirectional sound recognition capability and adjustable resonant frequency feature, the SAS can precisely identify the desired audio signal with an average deep learning accuracy of 98%, even in noisy environments. Moreover, the SAS can simultaneously recognize multiple individuals in the auxiliary conference system and the driving commands under background music in self‐driving vehicles, which marks a notable advance in voice‐based HMI systems.
Catalytic Construction of C(sp3)−Ge Bonds: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
Authors: Tu Jia‐Lin , Huang Binbin
Published: October 2024

Germanium (Ge), a congener of carbon, possesses unique properties that hold extensive potential for applications across multiple domains. Recent years have seen significant progress in the development of carbon‐germanium bond formation strategies, particularly those for more challenging C(sp3)−Ge bonds. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in C(sp3)−Ge bond forming methodologies, with particular emphasis on (1) the versatility of transition‐metals, including iron, nickel, copper, rhodium and palladium, as catalysts in broadening reaction scope and controlling selectivity; (2) the powerfulness of organic photocatalysis in achieving mild and selective bond formation, and (3) the sustainability of catalytic electrosynthesis in facilitating chemical oxidant‐/reductant‐ free conversions. Additionally, examples of (4) non‐catalytic strategies are also discussed. The representative scopes, as well as mechanistic proposals, of these protocols are highlighted. Through an overview on the current state of research, this review aims to offer insights into the catalytic construction of C(sp3)−Ge bonds, and provide perspectives on future research directions to address the current challenges.
Modified Hermite Wavelet Discrete Matrix Approach for the Brusselator Chemical Model
Authors: R. Yeshwanth , S Kumbinarasaiah
Published: October 2024

The primary goal of this study is to create a wavelet collocation technique that can be used to solve nonlinear fractional order systems of ordinary differential equations, which are equations that arise in modeling problems related to auto‐catalytic chemical reactions. Using the Hermite wavelet collocation method (HWCM), the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations of integer and fractional order is numerically solved. The nonlinear Brusselator system is transformed into an algebraic equation system using the collocation method and the fractional derivative operational matrices. The Newton‐Raphson method is used to solve these algebraic equations, and the approximate values of the derived unknown coefficients are substituted. Through the numerical examples, the method's computational effectiveness and correctness are illustrated with various model constraints. A numerical comparison is made between the current approach ND solver, RK method, and Haar wavelet method (HWM). The efficiency and reliability of the developed strategy's performance are shown in graphs and tables. The created Hermite wavelet collocation method is resilient and has good accuracy compared to current methods found in the literature. Numerical computations are performed through Mathematica, a mathematical software.
PGRN Inhibits Early B‐cell Activation and IgE Production Through the IFITM3‐STAT1 Signaling Pathway in Asthma
Authors: Zhang Pingping , Ruan Changshun , Yang Guangli , Guan Yaning , Zhu Yin , Li Qian , Dai Xin , An Yang , Shi Xiaoqi , Huang Pei , Chen Yan , He Zhixu , Du Zuochen , Liu Chaohong
Published: October 2024

Progranulin (PGRN) plays a critical role in bronchial asthma and the function of various immune cells. However, the mechanisms by which PGRN influences B‐cell receptor (BCR) signaling and immunoglobulin E(IgE) production are not fully understood. The study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which PGRN affects BCR signaling, B‐cell differentiation, and IgE production. A PGRN knockout mouse model, along with techniques including flow cytometry, the creation of a bone marrow chimeric mouse model, total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF), and Western blot (WB) analysis is employed, to investigate the link between PGRN and various aspects of B‐cell biology. It is discovered that the absence of PGRN in mice alters peripheral B‐cell subpopulations, promotes IgE class switching in a cell‐intrinsic manner, and affects B‐cell subpopulations. Additionally, PGRN modulates B‐cell functions by regulating BCR signaling pathways, metabolic processes, and the actin cytoskeleton during early B‐cell activation. Significantly, PGRN deficiency results in diminished production of NP‐specific antibodies. Moreover, it is found that PGRN inhibits B‐cell activation and IgE production through the PGRN‐IFITM3‐STAT1 signaling pathway. The findings provide new strategies for the targeted treatment of bronchial asthma, highlighting the crucial role of PGRN in B‐cell signaling and IgE production.
What explains rice exports? An analysis of major rice‐exporting countries
Authors: Varma Poornima
Published: October 2024

This study examines the drivers of rice trade. The analysis uses the standard comparative advantage model, the Heckscher–Ohlin–Vanek (HOV) framework, supplemented with a gravity‐type equation. Using the Poisson pseudo‐maximum likelihood (PPML) estimation for data from 2002 to 2020, the analysis broadly confirms HOV model predictions. Results indicate that arable land, along with GDP, distance, precipitation and crop season temperature, significantly influences rice trade dynamics. The results showed that the precipitation play a key role in influencing the rice trade rather than the blue water availability. However, agricultural water stress discouraged exports and encouraged imports.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment and palliative care
Authors: Castagna Alberto , Militano Vincenzo , Ruberto Carmen , Manzo Ciro , Ruotolo Giovanni
Published: October 2024

The geriatric vision of palliative care is based on a multidisciplinary, patient‐centered approach, looking for a balance between human dignity and medical treatments with a particular focus on the social and ethical aspects. In order to develop the best care models, there is a rising need for a tighter collaboration of all the involved players (i.e., doctors, nurses, social workers). Indeed, the idea of a fragmented system without considering the patient or his/her family is not at all applicable to older patients with chronic disease. The causes of death, the phase of death changes, and the extend of last period of life could be a long phase characterized by complicated treatment decisions, difficult management of symptoms, multiple psychosocial problems, and complex spiritual distress. Recently, Italian guidelines on Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) have been published. However, none of the identified studies on patients in hospice and other palliative care facilities met the criteria for inclusion. These findings underscore the need for further research to determine the potential benefits of a multidimensional approach for patients in hospice and other palliative care settings. Our reflections and suggestions on the CGA use for older persons in palliative care may be a starting point for an open and continuous dialogue with all the operators concerned.
Methyl group tuning crystalline covalent triazine frameworks towards organogel
Authors: Huang Lingqi , Cui Xinfang , Zhang Fei , He Wenqing , Li Jingfei , An Zhihang , Chang Ziyang , Xiao Shengwei , Zheng Wenrui , Zhai Shangru , Liu Heyang , Feng Wei
Published: October 2024

Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), known as highly conjugated layered solids, have garnered significant interest due to their distinctive structural and property characteristics. However, the exfoliation of CTF solids towards nanoCTFs in high yields is currently inadequate and inefficient, limiting their utility. This study presents the design and synthesis of CTFs containing non‐crystalline regions and their random stacks using a methyl‐containing nitrile monomer. Incorporating in‐plane methyl groups enhances the polarity of CTFs and disrupts layered interactions, facilitating smooth exfoliation under competing solvent‐layer interactions and producing nanocolloids in dilute dispersions. Furthermore, CTFs can rapidly disperse in DMF at a high concentration, enabling the formation of CTF organogel for the first time. Additionally, the designed CTF nanocolloids allow for the first simple physical modification of carbon nanotubes. The assembly, associated with conjugated features, enables the fabrication of CTF/carbon nanotube organogel.
An elastoplastic beam bond model for DEM simulation of deformable materials and breakage behaviors
Authors: Yang Kaiyuan , Liu Chengbo , Hong Kun , Chen Xizhong , Luo Zheng‐Hong
Published: October 2024

In modern chemical engineering production, numerous elastoplastic materials, often formed into agglomerates, frequently undergo plastic deformation and rupture. Understanding how these materials behave under different conditions is crucial for improving manufacturing processes and material design. In this work, an elastoplastic beam bond model for discrete element method (DEM) simulation was developed, in which a yield criterion is introduced into Timoshenko beam bond method. The model can simulate not just the initial elastic (stretchy) behavior of the materials but also their plastic (permanent) deformation behaviors. The model was applied to central collision of two agglomerates, agglomerate uniaxial compression, and agglomerate‐wall impact cases. It is shown that the updated model could predict the behavior of materials that undergo permanent changes under stress, compared to previous models that only considered elastic behaviors. This could enable more accurate simulations of particulate materials and aid in better process design.