bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Place-based strengths and vulnerabilities for mental wellness among rural minority older adults: an intervention development study protocol
Authors: Jaramillo Elise Trott
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Severe inequities in depression and its diagnosis and treatment among rural-dwelling, racial-minority and ethnic-minority older adults compared with their urban white counterparts result in cognitive impairment, comorbidities and increased mortality, presenting a growing public health concern as the United States (US) population ages. These inequities are often attributable to social and environmental factors, including economic insecurity, histories of trauma, gaps in transportation and safety-net services, and disparities in access to policy-making processes rooted in colonialism. This constellation of factors renders racial-minority and ethnic-minority older adults ‘structurally vulnerable’ to mental ill health. Fewer data exist on protective factors associated with social and environmental contexts, such as social support, community attachment and a meaningful sense of place. Scholarship on the social determinants of health widely recognises the importance of such place-based factors. However, little research has examined how they shape disparities in depression and treatment specifically, limiting the development of practical approaches addressing these factors and their effects on mental well-being for rural minority populations.

Methods and analysis

This community-driven mixed-method study uses quantitative surveys, qualitative interviews and ecological network research with 125 rural American Indian and Latinx older adults in New Mexico and 28 professional and non-professional social supporters to elucidate how place-based vulnerabilities and protective factors shape experiences of depression among older adults. Data will serve as the foundation of a community-driven plan for a multisystem intervention focused on the place-based causes of disparities in depression. Intervention Mapping will guide the intervention development process.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been reviewed and approved by the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Institutional Review Board. All participants will provide informed consent. Study results will be disseminated within the community of study through community meetings and presentations, as well as broadly via peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and social media.
First-in-human, real-time artificial intelligence assisted cerebral aneurysm coiling: a preliminary experience
Authors: Masuo Osamu , Sakakura Yuya , Tetsuo Yoshiaki , Takase Kana , Ishikawa Shun , Kono Kenichi
Published: June 2024

Background

Neuroendovascular procedures require careful and simultaneous attention to multiple devices on multiple screens. Overlooking unintended device movements can result in complications. Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled real-time notifications of device movements during procedures. We report our preliminary experience with real-time AI-assisted cerebral aneurysm coiling in humans.

Methods

A real-time AI-assistance software (Neuro-Vascular Assist, iMed technologies, Tokyo, Japan) was used during coil embolization procedures in nine patients with an unruptured aneurysm. The AI system provided real-time notifications for ‘coil marker approaching’, ‘guidewire movement’, and ‘device entry’ on biplane fluoroscopic images. The efficacy, accuracy, and safety of the notifications were evaluated using video recordings.

Results

The AI system functioned properly in all cases. The mean number of notifications for coil marker approaching, guidewire movement, and device entry per procedure was 20.0, 3.0, and 18.3, respectively. The overall precision and recall were 92.7% and 97.2%, respectively. Five of 26 true positive guidewire notifications (19%) resulted in adjustment of the guidewire back toward its original position, indicating the potential effectiveness of the AI system. No adverse events occurred.

Conclusions

The software was sufficiently accurate and safe in this preliminary study, suggesting its potential usefulness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported use of a real-time AI system for assisting cerebral aneurysm coiling in humans. Large scale studies are warranted to validate its effectiveness. Real-time AI assistance has significant potential for future neuroendovascular therapy.
Free Vibration of Prestressed Plates and Shallow Shells with Piezoelectric Elements
Authors: Kamenskikh Alexander , Lekomtsev Sergey , Matveenko Valerii
Published: June 2024

In this paper, the possibility of using piezoelectric elements to create a prestress state in a plate and a shallow shell leading to a change in the natural frequencies is demonstrated numerically and experimentally. Strains in the thin-walled structure are determined using the non-linear relations based on the Reissner–Mindlin theory, which are linearized with respect to the state with a small deviation from the initial equilibrium caused by the inverse piezoeffect. A mathematical formulation of the dynamics problem is based on the variational principle of virtual displacements, taking into account the prestress state. The solution was developed by the finite element method. The validity of the obtained results is confirmed by comparing the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a rectangular plate with a piezoelectric element obtained numerically and experimentally at different values of electrical voltage. A series of calculations has been carried out to analyze the influence of the elasticity modulus, length, thickness, curvature of the shallow shell and voltage on the spectrum of natural frequencies of vibration. It was found that the effectiveness of using this technique decreases with increasing stiffness of the structure as a whole.
Scalable Distributed State Estimation over Binary Sensor Networks with Energy Harvester
Authors: Han Fei , Ma Longkang , Song Yanhua , Dong Hongli
Published: June 2024

This paper deals with distributed state estimation problem for discrete time-varying systems over binary sensor networks, where every binary sensor is equipped with an energy harvester. The input of every binary sensor considers the randomly occurring missing measurements. The differences between the real and estimated inputs of binary sensor are employed to derive useful information in order to address the insufficient information for estimation purpose. The information from neighboring nodes is transmitted only if its energy level is positive, where a random variable is introduced to formulate the energy level. By means of the available information, distributed estimator is constructed for each binary sensor and the desirable performance constraints is given for the dynamic characteristics of estimation errors within a finite time horizon. Sufficient conditions are established for the existence of desired distribution estimation quantities through local performance analysis methods. Also, the desired distributed estimator gains are calculated recursively, which means the desirable scalability. Ultimately, the viability and efficiency of the distributed scheme are exhibited through a practical illustration.
Hamilton–Jacobi theory for nonholonomic and forced hybrid mechanical systems
Authors: Colombo Leonardo , de León Manuel , Irazú María Emma Eyrea , López-Gordón Asier
Published: June 2024

A hybrid system is a system whose dynamics is given by a mixture of both continuous and discrete transitions. In particular, these systems can be utilized to describe the dynamics of a mechanical system with impacts. Based on the approach by Clark [Invariant measures, geometry and control of hybrid and nonholonomic dynamical systems, Ph.D thesis, University of Mirchigan (2020)], we develop a geometric Hamilton–Jacobi theory for forced and nonholonomic hybrid dynamical systems. We state the corresponding Hamilton–Jacobi equations for these classes of systems and apply our results to analyze some examples.
Ecosystem Sentinels as Early-Warning Indicators in the Anthropocene
Authors: Hazen Elliott L. , Savoca Matthew S. , Clark-Wolf T.J. , Czapanskiy Max , Rabinowitz Peter M. , Abrahms Briana
Published: June 2024

We are already experiencing the rapid pace of environmental perturbation in the Anthropocene, necessitating the development of new tools and techniques for measuring changes in ecosystem dynamics. Sentinel species, from birds to invertebrates, have been used to provide insights into ecosystem function, as leading indicators of risk to human health and as harbingers of future change, with implications for ecosystem structure and function. Here, we offer an update to previous research identifying marine top predators as indicators of ecosystem shifts and examine terrestrial sentinels and the latest research on sentinels of pollution and human health. Using ecosystem sentinels enables rapid response and adaptation to ecosystem variability and environmental change in part because they may be easier to observe and in part because they may serve as leading indicators of ecosystem disruption. While there may not be a given taxon that is best suited as sentinels, we highlight how to select the most effective sentinels, including examples of when sentinel species have been incorporated into management. Choosing a suite of appropriate sentinels both will give insight into ecosystem processes and can help manage changing ecosystems into the future.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Healthcare Workers regarding Depression Care in Two Medium‐Sized Hospitals in Kenya
Authors: Muriuki Millicent Muthoni , Mwangi Peterson , Osoro Ezra Kombo , Miima Miriam
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Depression is the most common mental health disorder worldwide with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 10% in the general population. Our objective was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices among healthcare workers (HCWs) regarding depression care. Methods. We conducted a cross‐sectional study among consenting healthcare workers in two medium‐sized hospitals in Kenya. Data on demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practice of depression were collected through a self‐administered structured questionnaire. The Revised Depression Attitude Questionnaire was incorporated into the questionnaire. Knowledge and attitude scores were computed, where higher scores suggested higher knowledge or more positive attitudes. Descriptive and regression analyses were used to assess associations, and a p value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results. Among the 316 HCWs approached, 303 (95.9%) consented and were enrolled. Almost two‐thirds (64.0%) of the respondents were female, and 58.4% were between 18 and 29 years old. HCWs were categorised into three: nurses, clinicians (doctors/clinical officers), and nonclinicians (other healthcare workers). The median knowledge score among respondents was 9 out of 10. Nonclinicians scored significantly lower (β = −0.5, p < 0.011) on the knowledge score compared to clinicians. Only 9.3% of the respondents strongly agreed or agreed that they were confident in assessing the risk of suicide in patients with depression. The median attitude score among respondents was 65 out of 110. The attitude score was positively associated with the knowledge score (β = 0.78, p = 0.001), and respondents with professional experience of 5‐14 years had higher attitude scores compared (β = 1.7, p = 0.023) to those with fewer than 5 years. Among clinicians and nurses, 40.3% reported that they rarely or have never been screened for depression. Conclusions. HCWs demonstrated good knowledge of depression’s symptoms and causes but lacked confidence in pharmacological management, with gaps in regular screening and comprehensive care practices, particularly among nonclinicians and less experienced staff. Focused training for these groups could enhance the early detection and treatment of depressed patients.
Seismic Response Analysis of Jointed Rock Slope under Pulse‐Like Ground Motions
Authors: Jia Xijun , Zhang Yu , Zhang Ziyi
Published: June 2024

Because of the forward directivity effects, energy concentration, and fling step effect of pulse‐like ground motions, it is easy to cause landslide of jointed rock slope. To reveal the progressive failure mechanism of jointed rock slope under pulse‐like ground motions, a 3D discrete element numerical model of jointed rock slope in the northern Yunnan province was established to analyze the acceleration, dynamic displacement, and failure modes under bidirectional pulse‐like ground motions. The results show that the time of peak acceleration and peak displacement of the slope are consistent with the peak pulse velocity, and the predominant frequency is also the same. The peak dynamic displacement of the jointed rock slope is about 5–6 cm, but the maximum residual displacement is only 11.3% of the peak dynamic displacement. In the progressive failure process, the displacement first appears at the slope toe, then the fractures in the slope crest are opened, and the rock blocks slide along the bottom surface. The failure mode is tension failure of fractures and block slip.
Understanding Care from the View of Individuals with Cerebral Palsy: Pity, Politics, and Pride
Authors: Dahl Olivia , Dammeyer Jesper
Published: June 2024

Throughout history, disability has been understood in different ways: as a curse, a biomedical condition, a societal/political problem, a minority identity, and a social and cultural construction. Disability understandings reflect society’s legislation and the character of social support for people with disability and vice versa. In this article, qualitative interviews with adults with cerebral palsy were analyzed with a focus on how care, as a fundamental need between people, might be mediated by implicit and explicit understandings of disability. The central focus lies in how historical paradigms of disability and caregiving are reflected in the lived experiences of adults with cerebral palsy. The findings were overall twofold. First, contemporary disability understandings do not substitute former understandings but coexist as superimposed practices of care. Second, new perspectives of disability and care emerged emphasizing equitable relationships, empowerment, and solidarity. It is discussed how premodern, modern, late modern, and postmodern understandings of disability shape the nature of care directed at people with disability in a Western welfare context and how practices of care can contribute to the advancement of social justice.
Fucoidan Alleviates Colitis and Metabolic Disorder by Protecting the Intestinal Barrier, Suppressing the MAPK/NF‐κB Pathways, and Regulating the Gut Microbiota
Authors: Tang Shuangru , Wang Lu , Ren Xiaomeng , Song Shuang , Ai Chunqing
Published: June 2024

Scytosiphon lomentaria is widely consumed in China’s coastal regions due to its various beneficial effects, although its exact mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated. This study demonstrated that S. lomentaria fucoidan (SLF) alleviated colitis symptoms in mice, as evidenced by a reduction in colonic tissue damage and an increase in colon length and weight gain. Metabolomics analysis indicated that SLF improved abnormal serum metabolites profile associated with colitis, affecting metabolic pathways related to amino acid, lipid, and tricarboxylic acid cycle. SLF alleviated colonic inflammation through inhibiting the activation of MAPK/NF‐κB pathways and attenuating oxidative stress. The protective effect of SLF in maintaining the gut barrier integrity is supported by the preservation of goblet cells and glycoproteins and increased expression of ZO‐1 and claudin. The underlying mechanism can be associated with the improvement of the gut microbiota, including an increase in microbiota diversity and richness and the levels of beneficial bacteria and metabolites (e.g., Muribaculum, Parabacteroides, and short‐chain fatty acids) and a reduction in harmful bacteria. This study implies that SLF holds great potential to be used as a prebiotic agent to enhance human and gut health.
The Effect of Sociodemographic Factors on Female Educational Attainment: An Application of the Multipopulation Curie–Weiss Model
Authors: Ansah Richard Kwame , Tawiah Kassim , Asosega Killian Asampana , Kwofie Charles , Kumi Williams , Yalley Edward
Published: June 2024

In recent times, there have been a lot of advocacies to encourage females of all ages to pursue education to the highest level. The Government of Ghana and its stakeholders have championed this to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 4 in this regard. However, progress has been on a snail’s pace. In this study, we employed the multipopulation Curie–Weiss model to establish the influence of sociodemographic factors on the educational attainment of all females in Ghana. We utilized data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (2008 and 2014). The parameters of the interacting and noninteracting multipopulation Curie–Weiss models were estimated using the partial least squares and ordinary least squares methods, respectively. Our findings suggest that marital status, place of residence, and wealth status of females in Ghana influence their educational attainment. Therefore, to get more females of all ages to attain higher levels of education, the Government of Ghana and its stakeholders should channel their efforts towards eradicating poverty at all levels, preventing early and teenage marriages, providing better infrastructure, and creating better living conditions for all females especially those in the poorest regions of the country.
Supplementary Table 2 from Evaluating the Impact of Race and Ethnicity on Health-Related Quality of Life Disparities in Patients with Esophageal Cancer: A SEER-MHOS National Database Study
Authors: Wu Trudy C. , Farrell Matthew J. , Karimi-Mostowfi Nicki , Chaballout Basil H. , Akingbemi Wisdom O. , Grogan Tristan R. , Raldow Ann C.
Published: June 2024

Multivariate Results comparing Individual Scales from the SF-36®/VR-12 in the Post-Diagnosis Cohort
Supplementary Table 1 from Evaluating the Impact of Race and Ethnicity on Health-Related Quality of Life Disparities in Patients with Esophageal Cancer: A SEER-MHOS National Database Study
Authors: Wu Trudy C. , Farrell Matthew J. , Karimi-Mostowfi Nicki , Chaballout Basil H. , Akingbemi Wisdom O. , Grogan Tristan R. , Raldow Ann C.
Published: June 2024

Multivariate Results comparing Individual Scales from the SF-36®/VR-12 in the Pre-Diagnosis Cohort
Epidemiologia do suicídio no Brasil entre os anos de 2000 e 2010
Authors: Calixto Filho Magid , Zerbini Talita
Published: June 2024

A incidência do suicídio está aumentando no Brasil e no mundo como um todo, configurando um importante problema de saúde pública. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar os meios mais comuns para o suicídio por meio de uma análise detalhada sobre a epidemiologia do suicídio no Brasil entre os anos de 2000 a 2010. Também foram analisa­das as regiões brasileiras de maior incidência, o sexo e a idade mais frequentes dos que cometem ato suicida. Além disso, buscou-se estabelecer associações que pudessem justificar o maior ou menor índice de suicídio em relação a cada variável escolhida. O estudo epidemiológico foi baseado na análise de artigos publicados no período definido para este trabalho. Além disso, foram utilizados manuais elaborados pelo Ministério da Saúde e pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. Conclui­-se que a prevalência é maior em homens do que em mulheres, sendo as regiões Sul e Centro-Oeste as de maior incidência. Predomina um desfecho letal por lesões autoprovocadas, principalmente, pelo enforcamento. Além disso, esse quadro, que antes acometia em maior incidência a população idosa, hoje vem intensificando-se em jovens. Nesse contexto, pode-se perceber a necessidade de enfrentar esse importante problema de ordem sócio-econômico-cultural com estratégias de ras­treamento, conduta e tratamento eficazes, na tentativa de diminuir a incidência e os números absolutos do suicídio no Brasil.
Distrofia Miotônica de Steinert: aspecto pericial no âmbito previdenciário
Authors: Pimenta Douglas Sani , Silva Márcio Antônio da , Braga Marcela Valério , Miziara Carmen Silvia Moilles Galego
Published: June 2024

A distrofia miotônica de Steinert (DMS) é a doença genética degenerativa de acometimento muscular mais comum em adultos, com herança autossômica dominante por alteração do gene DMPK do cromossomo 19q13.3. Tal doença tem como características a penetrância variável e grande variação da severidade. Seus principais sintomas são fenômenos miotônicos, endocrinopatias, catarata, arritmias cardíacas, morte súbita, dificuldades de movimentação dos membros, dentre outros. Estudar os aspectos da DMS na esfera previdenciária é de suma importância no que tange à perícia médica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a DMS e sua implicação no âmbito previdenciário. Para tal, foi feito relato de caso de periciado de 50 anos de idade, sexo masculino, motorista de ônibus coletivo, diagnosticado com DMS há três anos que passou por perícia previdenciária pleiteando auxilio doença. Para o desenvolvimento da discussão do caso foi pesquisado o tema nas bases de dados SciELo e Pubmed, com os descritores: distrofias musculares, medicina legal, previdência social, (muscular distrophy, forensic medicine e social security). No caso em tela, o periciado não apresentava doença hipertensiva, diabetes, cardiopatia, doenças respiratórias ou outras comorbidades e fazia uso de omeprazol, ciclobenzaprina, duloxetina e naproxeno, receitados por seu neurologista. Durante exame físico médico pericial, foi encontrado como única alteração o fenômeno miotônico em mãos. Tal fenômeno influencia na condução adequada do ônibus por impedir ou dificultar a realização de manobras no volante, assim como prejudica a mudança de marcha em tempo hábil. Visto que os veículos da categoria C não são adaptáveis, o periciado encontrou-se incapacitado parcial e permanentemente, sendo adequada a reabilitação deste para conduzir veículos categoria B adaptados, desempenhar cargos administrativos ou a função de cobrador de ônibus.
Avaliação pericial previdenciária de motoristas de ônibus urbano com dor lombar e ciatalgia
Authors: Santos Jose Henrique Peres dos , Medeiros Clarissa Mari de
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Lumbar and sciatica pain (LP) are health problems that cause loss of productivity and absenteeism, generating high social security costs due to benefits. Urban public transport drivers show these symptoms at significant rates, generating high social security costs, with the granting of benefits. The causes vary considerably, ranging from localized diseases to psychosocial factors. The medico-legal experts at the Brazilian National Social Security Institute (INSS) must decide whether the person needs or not the benefit in order to grant the benefit to whom it is due.
Objectives: To present relevant aspects of the medical expert assessment of urban bus drivers with DL or sciatica in the last 35 years. Method: Bibliographic review in the Scielo, Pubmed, Cochrane and Science Direct databases. In addition, books on Orthopedics and Ergonomics were consulted. Results and discussion: The medical expert must dedicate himself, on a regular basis, to anamnesis, physical examination, evaluation of truth-telling, supplementary examinations and examinations in the workplace to arrive to an objective and impartial conclusion. The expert’s diagnosis of LP and sciatica depends not only on pathological, but on biopsychosocial factors as well. Conclusion: Since pain is a subjective symptom, establishing a diagnosis is a challenging task to the medical expert, who must be experienced to be able to identify the truth of the alleged symptom.  To perform an adequate evaluation of the bus driver’ health conditions, a series of examinations are conducted by the experts in the social security system: an anamnesis, to identify possible focal or psychosocial causes; a physical examination, to evaluate if the person has a real or simulated condition; supplementary tests, to corroborate and assist in the formulation of the diagnostic hypothesis; and an ergonomic evaluation, to verify external factors related to work that may affect the person’s health, as recommended by the Federal Council of Medicine. This evaluation should be as comprehensive and objective as possible; otherwise, a benefit may be improperly canceled, maintained or granted.
Análise das perícias tanato-antropométricas no contexto das demais perícias tanatológicas realizadas no Instituto Médico-Legal Nina Rodrigues e dos óbitos por causa externa
Authors: Silva Hildebrando Xavier
Published: June 2024

O autor analisa os dados que foram produzidos pelo Serviço de Antropologia Física e Forense do Instituto Médico-Legal Nina Rodrigues(Salvador - Bahia) de 1994 até 1996, comparando-os com os resultados obtidos de exames necroscópicos em geral do mesmo período e fazendo um esquema das causas externas de mortalidade, com o objetivo de verificar se os achados dessas perícias são compatíveis entre eles. Ele conclui que os dados encontrados nas perícias antropológicas são muito parecidos com aqueles verificados na análise da violência em geral.
O perfil do DNA e o vínculo genético da filiação: sua aplicação nos tribunais
Authors: França Genival Veloso de
Published: June 2024

O autor ressalta a importância do estudo do perfil genético do DNA, na investigação do vínculo de paternidade e maternidade, mas interroga se os seus resultados apresentam a condição de certeza absoluta e de fato, inquestionável. Enfatiza que mesmo sendo a análise do polimorfismo do DNA uma prova de grande futuro, seus métodos e técnicas não podem ser considerados, sob o prisma científico, uma prova infalível e de conclusões absolutas, capazes de transformar o magistrado em prisioneiro de seus resultados.
O comportamento suicida no Estado de São Paulo - estudo comparativo dos últimos 16 anos em duas regiões do Estado
Authors: Paulete-Vanrell Jorge , Paulete-Scaglia Jorge Alejandro , Scaglia de Paulete Susana
Published: June 2024

Os autores analisam, comparativamente, o comportamento suicida consumado, na 2ª e na 8ª Regiões Administrativas do Estado de São Paulo, entre os anos de 1980 e 1995, com base nos dados obtidos nos Institutos Médico-Legais e nos Institutos de Criminalística locais. Nesse período de 16 anos, analisam as variáveis de idade de ocorrência, sexo, estado civil, grupo etnico, área de procedência, métodos utilizados por homens e mulheres, época do ano, magnitude do problema em função da frequência populacional. Os dados obtidos mostram uma proporção de suicídios consumados mais elevada entre os homens do que entre as mulheres. As faixas etárias de pós-adolescência e idade adulta foram as mais atingidas pela conduta autolesiva. Quanto ao estado civil, as percentagens mais elevadas foram encontradas em pessoas solteiras e casadas. Os métodos utilizados diferem, significativamente, entre as duas regiões estudadas: o enforcamento é nitidamente mais frequente na região de Jundiaí, seguido pelo disparo de arma de fogo e o envenenamento; enquanto que os venenos sobressaem na região de São José do Rio Preto, seguidos pelo disparo de arma de fogo e depois pelo enforcamento. A sazonalidade ficou demonstrada por uma maior prevalência na primavera (outubro, novembro, dezembro). A taxa de mortalidade por suicídios, que em 1980 era de 5,30 suicídios por 100.000 habitantes, tem aumentado, progressivamente, para 7,89, em 1989, calcançando valores na casa de 15,76 em 1992, com discreto declínio (12,67) nos anos seguintes.
De um código de ética médica para um código de bioética
Authors: Cohen Claudio , Ferraz Flávio Carvalho
Published: June 2024

O trabalho analisa brevemente o Código de Ética Médica brasileiro em vigência, sugerindo em seguida um Código de Princípios de Ética, baseado em princípios e não em regras. Ainda que o conceito "Princípio" seja mais vago e mais abstrato do que o de "regra", ele é, por outro lado, mais estável e mais amplo. Considerando a saúde como definida em termos de bem estar biopsicossocial, e não apenas como ausência de doença, o trabalho propõe um código de princípios para toda a área da saúde - e não só para a Medicina - que leve em conta os princípios básicos da Bioética: o respeito pelo ser humano; a liberdade e a autonomia da pessoa; e a beneficência relacionada à qualidade de vida e à utilidade do ato médico. Por fim, propõe que as questões de regulamentação das profissões de saúde subordinem-se a este código maior de princípios, cabendo aos conselhos de cada profissão específica a tarefa de normatizar e fiscalizar o exercício profissional de seus filiados.
Contribuição para o estudo do ângulo aurículo-nasal em descendentes de japoneses e leucodermas. A importância médico-legal
Authors: Nagano Iris Noboru , Muñoz Daniel Romero
Published: June 2024

Os autores analisaram o ângulo aurículo-nasal em 283 estudantes adultos de ambos os sexos, leucodermas e descendentes de japoneses, para verificar seu poder discriminante na caracterização desses grupos populacionais e do sexo. Concluíram, após análises estatísticas, que pela técnica preconizada é possível diferenciar xantodermas de leucodermas e que, embora ela não permita a distinção sexual, pode ser um importante subsídio para a determinação da cor da pele em casos de identificação médico-legal.
Impact of Blood Pressure Targets in Patients With Heart Failure Undergoing Postresuscitation Care: A Subgroup Analysis From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Grand Johannes , Hassager Christian , Schmidt Henrik , Mølstrøm Simon , Nyholm Benjamin , Obling Laust E.R. , Meyer Martin A.S. , Illum Emma , Josiassen Jakob , Beske Rasmus P. , Høigaard Frederiksen Henrik , Dahl Jordi S. , Møller Jacob E. , Kjaergaard Jesper
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:

To assess the effect of targeting higher or lower blood pressure during postresucitation intensive care among comatose patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with a history of heart failure.

METHODS:

The BOX trial (Blood Pressure and Oxygenation Targets After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest) was a randomized, controlled, double-blinded, multicenter study comparing titration of vasopressors toward a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 63 versus 77 mm Hg during postresuscitation intensive care. Patients with a history of heart failure were included in this substudy. Pulmonary artery catheters were inserted shortly after admission. History of heart failure was assessed through chart review of all included patients. The primary outcome was cardiac index during the first 72 hours. Secondary outcomes were left ventricular ejection fraction, heart rate, stroke volume, renal replacement therapy and all-cause mortality at 365 days.

RESULTS:

A total of 134 patients (17% of the BOX cohort) had a history of heart failure (patients with left ventricular ejection fraction, ≤40%: 103 [77%]) of which 71 (53%) were allocated to a MAP of 77 mm Hg. Cardiac index at intensive care unit arrival was 1.77±0.11 L/min·m
−2
in the MAP63-group and 1.78±0.17 L/min·m
−2
in the MAP77,
P
=0.92. During the next 72 hours, the mean difference was 0.15 (95% CI, −0.04 to 0.35) L/min·m
−2
;
P
group
=0.22. Left ventricular ejection fraction and stroke volume was similar between the groups. Patients allocated to MAP77 had significantly elevated heart rate (mean difference 6 [1–12] beats/min,
P
group
=0.03). Vasopressor usage was also significantly increased (
P
=0.006). At 365 days, 69 (51%) of the patients had died. The adjusted hazard ratio for 365 day mortality was 1.38 (0.84–2.27),
P
=0.20 and adjusted odds ratio for renal replacement therapy was 2.73 (0.84–8.89;
P
=0.09).

CONCLUSIONS:

In resuscitated patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with a history of heart failure, allocation to a higher blood pressure target resulted in significantly increased heart rate in the higher blood pressure-target group. However, no certain differences was found for cardiac index, left ventricular ejection fraction or stroke volume.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03141099.
Do vocal mimics learn their mimetic songs from heterospecifics or conspecifics?
Authors: Gammon David E. , Resh Gabrielle E.
Published: June 2024

Vocal mimicry can develop either through imitation of heterospecific models (primary mimicry) or through imitation of conspecifics already producing mimetic song (secondary mimicry). Distinguishing primary versus secondary mimicry is important from ecological, evolutionary, and neurobiological perspectives. We outline four empirical strategies for researchers to detect the usage of secondary mimicry: (1) model selection strategy (heterospecific model commonly mimicked but rare or absent locally), (2) usage frequency strategy (syllable types commonly mimicked but rarely used by the model), (3) acoustic structure strategy (acoustic divergence in how a syllable type gets produced by mimics versus models), and (4) syntax strategy (consistent variation between mimic and model in the ordering of syllable types). We then use these strategies to produce evidence for secondary mimicry in northern mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos), focusing mostly on the mimicked songs of northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) and tufted titmice (Baeolophus bicolor). As further evidence of the mechanisms by which secondary mimicry might occur, we also demonstrate that mockingbirds match countersing much more frequently in response to conspecifics versus heterospecifics. Deeper questions about the precise extent of primary versus secondary mimicry in mockingbirds and other mimicking species still need answers.
تكاملُ المعارفِ وأثره في حلّ المشكلاتِ المعاصِرةِ: المشكلة البيئيّة في الدّول العربيّةِ ذات الاقتصاد النّفطيّ نموذجًا - مقاربةٌ استراتيجيّةٌ مقاصديّةٌ
Authors: لكلميّ أحمد المدنيّ , جينسن سترلينج دانمارك
Published: June 2024

ملخّص

‫تعاني بعض الدراسات الإسلاميّة في العالم العربيّ من أزمةِ العجزِ عن إثباتِ فائدتها، وعن مواكبة التطوّرات العلميّة؛ فالطابع التقليديّ الذي تتّسم به مضمونًا ومنهجًا يجعلها في عزلةٍ عن الواقعِ المعاصر بهمومه وأحداثه ومشكلاته الكبرى. فإذا كان العالمُ اليومَ قد غدا كالقرية الواحدة من شدّةِ التّقاربِ بين شعوبه ومجتمعاته بفضلِ ما أتاحته التّكنولوجيا مِن وسائلِ التّواصلِ والاتّصالِ، فإنّ المعارف والعلوم بينها من وشائج القُربَى ما يجعلها تسهم بفعاليّة في خدمة تلك الشّعوب والمجتمعات، وتؤدّي دورها في علاجِ مشكلاتها الواقعيّة، والمساعدة على تجاوز تحدّياتها المستقبليّة. في هذا الإطارِ تأتي هذه الورقةُ التي تتناول إحدى أهمّ المشكلاتِ الواقعيّة التي تجابهُ الدّولَ العربيّة ذاتَ الاقتصاد النّفطيّ. إنّها مشكلة التّنافي بين متطلّبات الأمن الاقتصاديّ ومقتضياتِ الاستدامةِ البيئيّةِ لدى هذه الدّول، والتي كانَ من مظاهرِ الحاجةِ إلى معالجتِها ما كشفت عنه إحصاءاتُ المؤسّساتِ ومراكزِ البحث الدّوليّةِ المتخصّصةِ، من أنّها تُعدُّ من بين أكثر الدّول المسبّبة للتّلوّث البيئي في العالم. إنّ هذه المشكلةَ تقف بنا على أعتابِ جانبيْن من جوانب الحياة الاجتماعيّة للشعوب المسلمة التي تنتمي إلى هذه الدّول وتقيم على رُقَعِها الجغرافيّة. هما الجانب الدّينيّ والجانب الاقتصاديّ، اللذان يرتبطان بتخصّصين معرفيّينِ ينتميانِ إلى حقل الإنسانيّات، وهما: الدّراسات الإسلاميّة وعلمُ الاقتصاد. وقد اقتضت طبيعة المشكلة التي تعالجها الورقةُ اختيارَ أقربِ هذه المعارِفِ إلى مجال القِيم، وهو علمُ مقاصد الشّريعة، الذي تتيحُ مفاهيمُه الكلّيّةُ ذاتُ الحمولةِ القيميّةِ الكبيرةِ مساحاتٍ شاسعةً لابتكارِ مقارباتٍ نظريّةٍ قابلةٍ لأن تصاغَ في ضوئها مقترحاتُ مشاريعَ عمليّةٍ يمكن أن يُسهَمَ بها في علاجِ هذه المشكلة التي تتطّلب أكثرَ الحلول نجاعةً وأوسعها تأثيرًا. ففي ضوء التّخصّصيْن واستعانةً برؤية فلسفيّة أخلاقيّة، تعالجُ الورقةُ المشكلةَ التي تتناولُها، منطلقةً من تشخصيها؛ بتوصيف مظاهرها، وتحليل أسبابها، ومنتهيةً إلى اقتراح مقاربةٍ واقعيّةٍ وشموليّةٍ لِتدبيرها ومعالجتها.‬
علم الأديان المقارن: رهانات التّغيير وعوائق الإنجاز
Authors: صميدة نزار
Published: June 2024

الملخّص

‫يمثّل علم الأديان أحدَ أهمِّ العلوم الاجتماعيّة والإنسانيّة، التي بدأت اليوم تحتلُّ موقعًا متميّزًا في سياق الفضاء المعرفيّ المعاصر، وهو موقع يمكّنه من أداء وظائف مهمّة في مجال العلاقة بين الدين والتديّن، كما يسمح له بترشيد السلوك الدينيّ وتحريره من رواسب العنف والغلو والتطرّف وفق رؤية متكاملة تأخذ بعين الاعتبار إشباع الحاجة إلى التديُّنِ، وجعل هذه التجربة أكثر إيجابيّة في علاقتها بالمجتمع، غير أنّ كلّ هذه الرهانات تصطدم اليوم – وخصوصًا في واقعنا العربيّ والإسلاميّ – بمجموعة من العوائق تحدّ من نوايا الباحثين ومشروعاتهم وتضعف نجاعةَ البحوث العلميّة المتّصلة بهذا المجال. في بحثنا هذا دراسة الإشكاليّة الآتية: أيّ موقع لعلم الأديان في سياق البحث عن حلول لمشكل الصدام بين أتباع الأديان؟ وكيف يمكن له أن يُسهم في إنشاء قاعدة وفاق ووئام تجعل من التجربة الدينيّة تأسيسًا للقاء ودعمًا للكونيّ والمشترك؟ وما أبرز العوائق التي تقف اليوم أمام هذا المشروع الذي يتبنّاه علماء الأديان المقارنة؟ وسنستند إلى عدّة منهجية في تفكيك هذا الإشكال وحلّه، مستأنسين بالأسلوب التاريخيّ والمقارن والاستقرائيّ والسياقيّ كآليات تمكّننا من تبيّن ملامح إسهام العلوم الاجتماعيّة والإنسانيّة – من خلال مثال علم الأديان المقارن – في إنتاج مقاربة جديدة رهانها السّلم الأبديّ والإقلاع عن العنف والعنف المضاد.‬
Aphelandra almanegra (Acanthaceae), a new species from the dry forests of the Cauca River canyon in Antioquia department, Colombia
Authors: GALLEGO PABLO C. , WOOD JOHN R.I.
Published: June 2024

Aphelandra almanegra, a new species from tropical dry forest in Antioquia department, Colombia, is described, illustrated and mapped. Notes are given on its geographical distribution, phenology, conservation status and taxonomic affinities. It is compared with its morphologically closest relative Aphelandra pulcherrima, which differs by its habit, indumentum and various inflorescence characters. This species is restricted to dry forests of the Cauca River canyon, in the northwest of Colombia, a highly degraded and threatened ecosystem.
Lectotypification of Ellipanthus neglectus Gamble (Connaraceae) and notes on its status
Authors: GEETHAKUMARY M. P. , DEEPU S.
Published: June 2024

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Optimization of Four-Limit Practical Grid-Type LED Layout in Visible Light Communication System Based on K-Means-SCSO-RBF
Authors: Li Yue-Yue , Zhang Hui-Ying , Sheng Mei-Chun , Liang Shi-Da , Ma Cheng-Yu
Published: June 2024

To ensure the uniform signal distribution of indoor visible light communication system and realize forecasting the optimal light source layout scheme under the random room state, this paper proposes a four-limit practical grid-type light source layout scheme that integrates the sand
cat swarm algorithm and the RBF neural network of K-means clustering to realize the optimal design of the light source layout. Considering one reflection from the wall, the room state data and the actual optimal position coordinates of LEDs are used as the training dataset utilized to train
the K-means-SCSO-RBF neural network model. The optimal indoor light source layout prediction model is established. The simulation results indicate that the model’s average prediction error for 20 randomly selected room states is 0.0151 m. The prediction errors for the 80 selected room
states are mainly centered within 0 m to 0.01 m. Therefore, this study aids in identifying the optimal room light source layout. Therefore, the research content of this paper helps to determine the optimal layout of visible light sources in any room. It has the advantages of small prediction
error, practicality and generalization. It provides favorable theoretical support for the layout of indoor visible light sources.
Synthesis and Enhanced Optical Characterization of Zirconium-Doped NiO Thin Films
Authors: Umar Ahmad , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Rosaline Rani , Sneha N. E. , Mohammed Margan Albatoul , Almarqan Fares , Varsha M. , Inbanathan Stephen Rajkumar , Ansari Sajid Ali
Published: June 2024

This study explores the formation and examination of Zr-doped NiO thin films (ZNO). The NiO powders mixed with Zr were made using the chemical precipitation method, and then these powders were shaped into thin films using a technique called the doctor blade method. We used several methods
to characterize the materials, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ultraviolet spectroscopy. The XRD analysis showed that the films were pure, only displaying the expected peaks for NiO in its common crystal form and no
signs of contamination. The AFM results indicated that the surface of these films was quite rough. Moreover, the optical studies revealed that adding Zr improved how NiO interacts with light at longer wavelengths, and these Zr-doped films had a lower energy gap (2.88 eV) than usual, which
could be beneficial for certain applications.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Metal Ferrite Nanocomposites for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Chavan Priyanka P. , Babar Umesh D. , Chougale Ashok D. , Shetti Dadaso J. , Patil Rahul B. , Kamble Pradip D. , Mahmoud Mohamed H.
Published: June 2024

We report on a simple and facile synthesis of manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) and nickel-manganese ferrite (Ni-MnFe2O4) nanoparticles by hydrothermal method using 2 M NaOH. In this work, the resultant nanoparticles were characterized by using
various tools. The X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) were studied to confirm the structural and, morphological properties of obtained MnFe2O4 and Ni-MnFe2O4. Electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy (EIS), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to examine the electrochemical characteristics. The average crystallite size of (MnFe2O4) and (Ni-MnFe2O4) nanoparticles has been found to be
23.75 nm and 17.88 nm, respectively. The morphology of the resultant product was observed to be spherical and semi-spherical in shape. A major component of supercapacitors are their electrode materials, and in order to achieve maximum capacitive performances, electrode material structural
design should be emphasised. The electrochemical supercapacitor electrode application of manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) and nickel-manganese ferrite (Ni-MnFe2O4), thin films deposited onto nickel-foam substrates using the doctor blade method are explored.
The maximum specific capacitance values, obtained using galvanostatic charge–discharge plots of as-deposited manganese ferrite and nickel-manganese ferrite electrode in 1 M KOH aqueous solutions at 1 (mA/cm2) is 885 F/g and at 1 (mA/cm2) is 1255 F/g respectively.
Experimental Investigation of Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Hi-Tech Therm60 Based BaO Nanofluids
Authors: Prakash P. , Catherine Grace John J. , Monica Chandramalar I. , Kingson Solomon Jeevaraj A. , Mahmoud Mohamed H.
Published: June 2024

Nanofluids have drawn a lot of interest lately because of their superior heat transmission capabilities. In order to achieve better heat transfer capabilities, a study on the chemical co-precipitation production of barium oxide (BaO) nanoparticles and its Hi-Tech Therm60-based nanofluid
was completed in this work. The effective production of the BaO nanoparticles has been validated by investigations using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). There were no discernible
alterations in the FT-IR spectra linked to the prepared BaO:Hi-Tech Therm60 nanofluids. This suggests that there is no interaction between the created nanofluid and particles. Next The thermal characteristics of BaO: Hi-Tech Therm60 nanofluids, such as their thermal conductivity and viscosity,
were thoroughly examined. Measurements were made of the thermal conductivities of the nanofluid at various weight percentages of nanoparticles (0.001%, 0.002%, 0.003%, 0.004%, 0.005%, and 0.006 wt%) at different temperatures from 28 °C to 50 °C. Temperature and weight fraction increases
were observed to correlate with improved thermal conductivity of BaO nanofluids. At 50 °C and 0.001 weight percent, the highest thermal conductivity measured was 0.151 W/mK. 10.4 cP was the equivalent viscosity. Compared to the base fluid, it has good viscosity and thermal conductivity.
Effects of bandage types on interface pressure in static positions and during walking
Authors: Rimaud Diana , El-Aouadi Ahmed , Calmels Paul , Convert Reynald
Published: June 2024

The main objective of this study was to compare the interface pressure applied by four different compression bandages (two elastic, one inelastic, and one multi-layer system), in various static and dynamic conditions and over time. The second objective was to compare their Static Stiffness Index and their Dynamic Stiffness Index. The compression bandages were applied on 20 legs of healthy females. Interface pressure was measured at two different points of the leg (ankle and calf), at rest in two positions (standing, supine), and during walking sequences. Interface pressure depends mainly on the mechanical properties of compression devices and on the subject morphology. Both elastic and multilayer compression devices exhibited a pressure gradient loss from the ankle to the calf. Over time, pressure loss was higher for inelastic compression bandages ( p < 0.001) than for elastic and multilayer compression systems. Pressure variation from a supine to a standing position, and during walking, was higher for both inelastic bandage and multilayer system, than for elastic bandages ( p < 0.01) whatever the measurement time and the measurement point. For all compression devices, pressure variation during walking at the ankle was about 25% of the pressure variation when switching from a supine to a standing position. These results provide a better understanding of the behavior of various bandage types. The pressure variations measured during walking are lower than those obtained when the subject switches from a supine to a standing position. This study suggests that the efficacy of compression bandages relies on the interface pressure that they exert on the legs, and the capacity of the patient to walk, which activates calf muscle.
“People, Places, and Things”: Understanding the Context of Participants’ Lives in a Diversion Drug Court
Authors: Hartsell Elizabeth N. , Jossie Mckenzie L. , Lane Jodi
Published: June 2024

To better understand the struggles drug court participants face and their relationship to graduation status, we took freehand notes during observations of staff meetings ( N = 119) and court dockets ( N = 147) and used thematic analysis to examine the notations. Themes included participants’ ongoing mental and physical health issues, legal issues outside of drug court, experience with both prosocial and antisocial relationships, drug use by family and friends, and a variety of treatment barriers even in a program designed to mitigate these. We expected ongoing legal issues outside of drug court, physical and mental health struggles, and family and friends being supportive, or not, to be related to graduation but they were not. However, COVID-19 and treatment barriers were significantly related to graduation status. Results add to the scholarly literature, especially that focusing on justice and court processes post-COVID-19, and can assist practitioners in understanding what factors may need more attention and resources.