bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic status and health literacy as the important predictors of general health in Iran: a structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Nadi Tayebeh , Poorolajal Jalal , Doosti-Irani Amin
Published: August 2023

Background: We aimed to determine the level of health literacy (HL), and its association with general health. In addition, we investigated the direct and indirect association of socioeconomic status (SES) and general health among the adult population in Iran.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 750 literate adults' people. The SES was assessed based on the owning of assets. HL was evaluated using a validated questionnaire in Iran. General health was assessed using the WHO general health questionnaire. The simple and adjusted linear regression models, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used for data analysis.

Results: In adjusted model, female gender, higher level of education, use of books, pamphlets, or brochures as a source of health information, the higher level of SES were positively associated with higher HL. In addition, the HL was significantly associated with higher scores of general health. Results of SEM showed that the direct effect of SES on general health was not significant, but the indirect effect via HL was significant (path coefficient: 0.24; p<0.001).

Conclusion: Results of our study indicated HL is strongly associated with general health among the adult population. SES had a significant indirect association with general health via the effect on health literacy.
Survey of veterinarians who use pentobarbital for euthanasia suggests knowledge gaps regarding animal disposal
Authors: Hess Warren , Kollias Nathaniel , Pikel Laura , Johnson Cia , Cornwell Emily , Golab Gail , Bright-Ponte Susan , Bataller Neal , Murphy Mike
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE

To assess (1) veterinarians’ knowledge and practices regarding disposal of euthanized animals, (2) the extent to which veterinarians communicate with their clients about potential risks of rendering pentobarbital-euthanized animals, and (3) the extent to which veterinarians communicate potential relay toxicosis and environmental risks of pentobarbital-euthanized animals to clients.

SAMPLE

A stratified random sample of AVMA members.

METHODS

Over a 3-week period in early 2021, 16,831 of the AVMA’s 99,500 members were surveyed, with 2,093 responses (a 12% response rate). Respondents were assigned to 1 of 3 categories on the basis of their answers: veterinarians euthanizing only food-producing species, veterinarians euthanizing only non–food-producing species, and veterinarians euthanizing both food-producing and non–food-producing species (ie, veterinarians euthanizing mixed species).

RESULTS

Veterinarians responding to this survey appeared to be aware of the major methods of animal disposal, and about 89% reported communicating the method of euthanasia with clients to help ensure appropriate animal disposal. However, the need for additional education on local, state, and federal laws and rendering, as well as on risks of relay toxicosis including wildlife predation and environmental impacts, was reported.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Survey results identified gaps in veterinarians’ knowledge regarding animal disposal following pentobarbital euthanasia. Further education on this topic may be beneficial, particularly for early- and midcareer veterinarians who euthanize non–food-producing species and for veterinarians who euthanize mixed species in urban and suburban communities.
18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography provides pertinent additional information to computed tomography for assessment and management of tarsal pain in horses
Authors: Espinosa-Mur Pablo , Spriet Mathieu , Manso-Diaz Gabriel , Arndt Stefanie , Perez-Nogues Marcos , Roman Javier Lopez-San , Garcia-Mata Ricardo , Katzman Scott A. , Galuppo Larry D.
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE

To assess the value of 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) for imaging the tarsus and proximal metatarsus and compare it with CT and lameness evaluation.

ANIMALS

25 horses with lameness localized to the tarsal and proximal metatarsal regions that underwent 18F-NaF PET/CT between 2016 and 2021.

METHODS

18F-NaF PET and CT images were retrospectively independently evaluated by 3 observers. Standardized uptake values (SUV) were used to characterize 18F-NaF uptake. Correlation between PET and CT findings with subjective and objective maximum (Max-D) and minimum pelvic height lameness data was estimated.

RESULTS

The inter-observer Kappa-weighted value (κ) was higher for PET (κ = 0.66) than CT (κ = 0.6). CT and PET scores were fairly correlated (R = 0.49; P < 0.05). PET SUVratio (SUV of the main lesion/SUV talus) had the highest correlation with Max-D (R = 0.71; P < .05). PET and CT scores for the plantar region were significantly higher in Quarter Horses (P < .05) and showed consistently higher correlation with objective lameness data (CT plantar grade - Max-D [R = 0.6; P < .05], PET plantar grade - Max-D [R = 0.47; P = .04]) than other regions of the distal tarsal joints. Three Warmbloods presented marked uptake at the medial cochlea of the distal tibia.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

PET had a moderate correlation with CT for assessment of tarsal lesions. The degree of PET uptake can help differentiate active versus inactive lesions. Specific location of the uptake is important in determining clinical relevance.
Polyploidy Phenomenon as a Cause of Early Miscarriages in Abortion Materials
Authors: Yildirim ME , Karakus S , Kurtulgan HK , Ozer L , Celik SB
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Chromosomal abnormalities are an important cause of especially early miscarriages. The aim of this study was to analyze the chromosomal aberrations and determine the frequencies of numerical and structural chromosome abnormalities in spontaneous abortion materials.

Methods

This was a prospective research and ninety two abortion samples obtained from women who had one or more miscarriages were included in the study. Conventional karyotype analysis was performed on each sample to identify possible chromosomal abnormalities.

Results

By karyotype analysis, 11 polyploidy cases, (9 triploids and 2 tetraploids), 8 trisomies (one of which was mosaic), 2 monosomies (monosomy X), 1 isochromosome, 1 Xq deletion, and 4 translocations were detected in abortion materials. Isochromosome and Xq deletion cases were also mosaic. In addition, five polymorphic variants were revealed. We found higher paternal age in polyploidy cases.

Conclusion

The most common anomaly we found in abortion materials was polyploidy. This was followed by aneuploidy (trisomy and monosomy). Polyploidy (triploidy or tetraploidy) emerged as an important cause in cases of spontaneous abortion. Paternal age may be associated with polyploidy especially triploidy.
Two Brothers from Macedonia with Gitelman Syndrome
Authors: Janchevska A , Tasic V , Jordanova O , Gucev Z , Jenkins L , Jovanovska N , Plaseska-Karanfilska D , Ashton E , Bockenhauer D
Published: August 2023

Gitelman syndrome (GS) is a rare renal tubulopathy with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the SLC12A3 gene. The clinical features may overlap with other disorders, such as Bartter syndrome type 3, HNF1B nephropathy or even mitochondrial disease, but can be distinguished by molecular genetic analysis.

Here we report on two preschool brothers, who presented with a several months’ history of episodes of carpopedal spasms and muscle aches.

The biochemical analyses revealed hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia without metabolic alkalosis. A 24-h urine sample demonstrated hypocalciuria.

The molecular analyses showed that both patients were heterozygous for 3 (likely) pathogenic variants in SLC12A3: c.1805_1806del; p. (Tyr602Cysfs*31), c.2660+1G>A and c.2944 A>T; p. (Ile982Phe). Analysis of the parents showed that the mother was heterozygous for the c.2944 A>T p.(Ile982Phe) variant, and the father carried the other 2 variants (c.1805_1806del and c.2660+1G>A).

Herein we present two children in a family from N. Macedonia with clinical manifestations and electrolyte imbalances suggestive of GS. The results of the tubulopathy next generation sequencing (NGS) panel confirmed the diagnosis. The boys are treated with a high salt diet and oral potassium and magnesium supplements.
Difficulties in Diagnosing Fabry Disease in Patients with Unexplained Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH): Is the Novel GLA Gene Mutation a Pathogenic Mutation or Polymorphism?
Authors: Aladağ N , Ali Barman H , Şipal A , Akbulut T , Özdemir M , Ceylaner S
Published: August 2023

Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked, lysosomal glycosphingolipid storage disorder that occurs very rarely. Cardiac involvement may comprise of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, heart failure and valvular abnormalities. The goal of this study was to conduct gene analysis for FD in patients suffering from unexplained LVH. 120 patients over the age of 30 who were diagnosed by echocardiography with idiopathic LVH were included in the study. Patients with severe hypertension, intermediate valve disease such as moderate aortic stenosis, known FD, and a family history of autosomal dominant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were excluded from the study. GLA gene mutations were studied by Sanger sequence analysis in all patients. Of the 120 total patients included in this study, 69 were female (58%) and 51 were male (42%). The mean age was 60.3 ± 15.7. GLA gene mutations were detected in three male patients. The detected mutations are as follows: NM_000169.2:IVS6-10G>A (c.1000–10G>A), NM_000169.2:c.937G>T (p.D313Y) (p.Asp313Tyr) and NM_000169.2:c.941A>T (p.K314M) (p.Lys314Met). Early diagnosis is of vital importance in FD, which can be treated with enzyme replacement. Genetic screening in patients diagnosed with idiopathic LVH by echocardiography is important in the early diagnosis and treatment of FD. Patients over 30 years of age with idiopathic LVH should be screened for FD. Various new polymorphisms can be detected in genetic screening. Identifying new polymorphisms is important for knowing the true mutations in FD.
Differentially Expressed Circulating Long-Noncoding RNAS in Premature Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Bao ZD , Wan J , Zhu W , Shen JX , Yang Y , Zhou XY
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Recent studies have addressed the association between lung development and long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). But few studies have investigated the role of lncRNAs in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Thus, this study aimed to compare the expression profile of circulating lncRNAs between RDS infants and controls.

Methods

10 RDS infants and 5 controls were enrolled. RDS patients were further divided into mild and severe RDS subgroups. Blood samples were collected for the lncRNA expression profile. Subsequently, differentially expressed lncRNAs were screened out. Bioinformatics analysis was applied to establish a co-expression network of differential lncRNAs and mRNAs, and predict the underlying biological functions.

Results

A total of 135 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified, including 108 upregulated and 27 downregulated lncRNAs (fold-change>2 and P<0.05) among the three groups (non-RDS, mild RDS and severe RDS groups). Of these lncRNAs, four were selected as showing higher fold changes and validated by qRT-PCR. ENST00000470527.1, ENST00000504497.1, ENST00000417781.5, and ENST00000440408.5 were increased not only in the plasma of total RDS patients but also in the severe RDS subgroup. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that differentially expressed lncRNAs may play important roles in RDS through regulating PI3KAkt, RAS, MAPK, and TGF-β signaling pathways.

Conclusion

The present results found that ENST00000470527.1, ENST00000504497.1, ENST00000417781.5, and ENST00000440408.5 may be invol ved in RDS. This could provide new insight into research of the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of preterm RDS.
The Gender Gap in Aortic Dissection: A Prospective Analysis of Risk and Outcomes
Authors: Banceu Cosmin , Harpa Marius , Brinzaniuc Klara , Tilea Ioan , Varga Andreea , Gliga Mirela Liana , Voidazan Septimiu , Neagu Nicolae , Szabo Dan Alexandru , Banceu Diana , Cristutiu Daiana , Balmos Ionut Alexandru , Puscas Alexandra , Oprean Marvin , Suciu Horatiu
Published: August 2023

Aortic dissection (AD) is a severe cardiovascular condition that could have negative consequences. Our study employed a prospective design and examined preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative data to evaluate the effects of gender on various medical conditions. We looked at how gender affected the results of aortic dissection (AD). In contrast to female patients who had more systemic hypertension (p=0.031), male patients had higher rates of hemopericardium (p=0.003), pulmonary hypertension (p=0.039), and hemopericardium (p=0.003). Dobutamine administration during surgery significantly raised the mortality risk (p=0.015). There were noticeably more women patients (p=0.01) in the 71 to 80 age group. Significant differences in age (p=0.004), eGFR at admission (p=0.009), and eGFR at discharge (p=0.006) were seen, however, there was no association between gender and mortality. In conclusion, our findings highlight that gender may no longer be such an important aspect of aortic dissection disease as we previously thought, and this information could have an important contribution for surgeons as well as for anesthesiologists involved in the management of acute aortic dissection.
Car(Ry)Ing the Past, Present, and Future—A Deep Dive Into Danish Dance Stories
Authors: Bäckman Carolina
Published: August 2023

Danish Dance Stories is an artistic initiative manifested through a series of collegial encounters in 2018 and 2021, which revolves around the sharing of personal (hi)stories across generations and geographic affiliations. Documentation from the events and contributions from participants have been organized as stories on the website danskedansehistorier.dk. By revisiting and through the writing process engaging in conversations with the content of the stories, the text is an attempt to articulate and reflect on issues and potentials of the initiative.

The conversations raise questions about hegemony, hierarchy and access, discussed through the lens of the terminology that constitute the ambiguous title of the initiative; Danish, Dance and History. By leaning onto the knowledge and experience of colleagues, complexity, multiplicity and repetition are proposed as a possible direction for a future local dance community.
Listening Through and With Costume
Authors: Østergaard Charlotte
Published: August 2023

In performance contexts, costume is often perceived as visual expression that is in service of, for example, a choreographer’s vision. I argue that costume is also an aesthetic and poetic language in its own right that allows individuals such as performers and designers to co-conceptualize and co-create performances. In co-creative performance-making processes, I argue that it is critical that designers open-mindedly listen to performers’ experiences of specific costumes and that we (designers and performer) through listening co-creatively explore potentialities and challenges that are embedded in a specific costume. In the co-creative process, we must pay attention and listen carefully to how a specific costume affects specific performers in order to explore the ‘hidden’ performative potentialities and qualities that are imbedded in a specific costume. In this article I will unfold aspects of how listening through and with costume can become a performance-making strategy and unpack details of what listening through and with the costume imply.
Performing With Parkinson’s: Leaving Traces
Authors: Pohjola Hanna , Sivak Eytan , Åström Åsa N.
Published: August 2023

This article aims to explore the experiences of eight dancers, who have Parkinson’s disease (PD), with dance as a performative form of the arts. The data of this qualitative research consists of a semi-structured online questionnaire and a focus group discussion. The data was analyzed using inductive thematic content analysis and approached in an abductive manner in the context of social identity theory. Two main themes emerged from the analysis: embodied social connectedness and de-medicalization of PD.

The current study emphasizes social factors regarding identity while performing with PD. The findings indicate that the dancers’ experiences of watching and being watched refer to a communicative body and its dialogical relationship with other bodies. In conclusion, dancing is experienced as an embodied language with which to communicate, allowing the individual to explore how to become visible in a social environment without one’s social identity being tied to PD but with one’s personal identity. Furthermore, the core of the performative experience is artistry, defined as a limitless entity that metaphorically leaves traces, connecting us as human beings. However, further studies with a larger number of participants would be beneficial.
COMERCIALIZACIÓN DE PRODUCTOS FORESTALES NO MADERABLES EN TRES CASERÍOS DEL DISTRITO DE JOSÉ CRESPO Y CASTILLO, HUÁNUCO
Authors: TICLLACURI-MALLQUI Amanda , SCHNEIDER Mirian Beatriz
Published: August 2023

Los Productos Forestales No Maderables (PFNM), son productos silvestres que se encuentran en el bosque que están tomando importancia por los diferentes usos que brindan al hombre y a su entorno. Este estudio exploratorio tiene como objetivo dar a conocer los PFNM que comercializan en 3 caseríos del distrito de José Crespo y Castillo, provincia de Leoncio Prado, región Huánuco en Perú. Los datos primarios se recolectaron mediante entrevista semiestructurada a 13 agricultores de los caserio s Angashacu, Bajo Cotomono y la Victoria. Estos fueron escogidos aleatoriamente. Los resultados muestran al aguaje, uña de gato y sangre de grado como productos más recolectados. La venta de los PFNM, principalmente del aguaje, pueden generar mayores ingresos que la venta de productos agrícolas para estos pobladores a pesar de que su aprovechamiento es sólo por unos meses.
AVALIAÇÃO DA PREVALÊNCIA DE INFECÇÃO HOSPITALAR E O PERFIL DE RESISTÊNCIA BACTERIANA DAS CEPAS ISOLADAS NA UTI NEONATAL DA MATERNIDADE ESCOLA DE VALENÇA - RJ
Authors: Galdino Cintia Valéria , Aguiar Barbosa Carolina , Rodrigues da Silva1 Manoela , Ribeiro Marques da Silva Ana Paula , Travassos de Melo Jacqueline , Valente Carvalho Elisabeth
Published: August 2023

Introdução: as infecções hospitalares são mais frequentes e por muitas vezes mais graves em recém-nascidos que em crianças e adultos. Surtos de infecções em berçários com óbito têm sido amplamente divulgados no Brasil e em muitos outros países em desenvolvimento. Além de óbitos de neonatos, elevam os custos com internação. Nesse ínterim, a percepção dos profissionais acerca dos riscos de contaminação cruzada faz-se de suma importância à compreensão da necessidade de adotarem atitudes laborais seguras.  Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência de infecções neonatais na Maternidade Escola de Valença RJ, bem como identificar os principais micro-organismos envolvidos e analisar o perfil de resistência aos antibióticos das cepas isoladas. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo e prospectivo de análise dos exames de cultura e de antibiograma a partir de materiais biológicos coletados de sítios anatômicos em que se investigam infecções em neonatos internados na UTI neonatal da Maternidade Escola de Valença, no período de junho a dezembro de 2020. Resultados: os principais micro-organismos isolados foram: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sp coagulase negativa (SCN), Klebsiella sp, Enterococcus sp, Enterobacter sp e MRSA (Staphylococcus sp resistente à meticilina). Na análise da sensibilidade bacteriana aos antibióticos destaca-se uma cepa de Staphylococcus sp coagulase negativa, com resistência a 70% de todos os antibióticos testados, bem como uma cepa de Escherichia coli com amplo perfil de resistência. Conclusão: tais resultados são importantes para o planejamento dos serviços de saúde, com vistas à realização de intervenções que corroborem para a diminuição da infecção neonatal.

Palavras-chave: infecção hospitalar, neonatos, resistência aos antibióticos
ARTICULAÇÃO RURAIS – URBANOS E MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS NO CENÁRIO BAIANO DA 1ª DÉCADA DO SÉC. XXI
Authors: Cunha Joaci de S.
Published: August 2023

O artigo discute os movimentos sociais na primeira década do século XXI, no cenário dos governos petistas no Brasil (2003-2010) -- e “carlista” na Bahia (2000-2010), seguido por governos do PT --, a partir de uma caracterização socioeconômico baiana. O objeto de discussão é recortado do contexto mais amplo das mobilizações sociais, tendo como foco a experiência da Articulação de Movimentos Sociais Rurais e Urbanos. Esta Articulação conseguiu envolver em ações massivas na capital e no interior um conjunto de organizações do campo popular, unificando pautas de reivindicações urbanas e rurais; conformou um sujeito social coletivo, de caráter horizontal, em período marcado pela fragmentação dos atores sociais, e talvez por isso teve sua existência abreviada.
O ASSÉDIO ELEITORAL NAS ELEIÇÕES PRESIDENCIAIS DE 2022 NO BRASIL: VIOLÊNCIA NO TRABALHO E NAS RUAS
Authors: Druck de Faria Maria da Graça , Pedreira Lucia Alvarezs , Libório Vitória , Lacerda Lily , Reis Samara
Published: August 2023

A eleição presidencial de 2022 no Brasil foi marcada por uma disputa acirrada e com um número recorde de denúncias de assédio eleitoral, envolvendo muitas empresas que tentaram impor a seus empregados o seu candidato. Durante o período pré-eleitoral de definição de candidatos e na campanha eleitoral, se viveu uma verdadeira guerra, patrocinada pela extrema direita, que se utilizou de todos os instrumentos e recursos possíveis para impedir a vitória da oposição. Esse artigo tem por objetivo analisar quantitativa e qualitativamente o assédio eleitoral nas eleições presidenciais de 2022, como um dos tipos de assédio moral, a partir da análise da atuação do Ministério Público do Trabalho através dos instrumentos utilizados como os Termos de Ajustamento de Conduta (TAC), Recomendações e Ações Civis Públicas do MPT, além de outras fontes como imprensa, sites de jornais e sindicatos. As informações obtidas revelaram o grau de desespero e de violência de vários setores do empresariado brasileiro, destacadamente, o agronegócio, grandes empresas de comércio atacadista e varejista e uma miríade de micro e pequenas empresas comerciais e de serviços, diante da possibilidade de vitória de Lula nas eleições. A atuação do MPT, através de campanhas de esclarecimento, de uma especial organização interna e da celeridade nas decisões judiciais foi fundamental, juntamente com “agentes fiscalizadores” como sindicatos e cidadãos que agiram em defesa da democracia.
OS CENTROS OFFSHORE DE NEGOCIAÇÃO DE PRODUTOS FINANCEIROS DENOMINADOS EM RENMINBI E O BY-PASS INSTITUCIONAL
Authors: Coelho Alexandre Ramos
Published: August 2023

O objetivo principal deste artigo é contribuir para os estudos sobre a internacionalização da moeda chinesa, o renminbi (RMB), por meio de uma teoria pouco conhecida nas Relações Internacionais, mas adotada na área de Direito e Desenvolvimento, qual seja, o International Institutional Bypass (by-pass institucional). Segundo Prado e Hoffman (2017), o by-pass institucional assemelha-se aos desvios criados pelos cirurgiões em torno de uma artéria obstruída, utilizando uma nova veia retirada de outra parte do corpo do paciente. Nas ciências sociais, isso significa que as autoridades governamentais criam instituições em vez de reformar aquelas tradicionais. Em determinados casos, por meio do desvio institucional, os governos formam novas instituições que, na prática, ignoram as funções daquelas que consideram disfuncionais. Depois, as instituições “defeituosas” acabam coexistindo, complementando ou desaparecendo em virtude daquelas recém-criadas. Aplico a teoria do by-pass institucional para estudar um fenômeno específico do processo de internacionalização do RMB. Trata-se de inovações constituídas sob a liderança de Pequim dentro do sistema financeiro global. São centros financeiros internacionais que oferecem ativos financeiros, tais como ações e títulos públicos, denominados em RMB (RMB Offshore Centers). A minha hipótese é a de que os RMB Offshore Centers podem ser classificados como by-pass institucional, permitindo uma avaliação mais apurada dos movimentos estratégicos realizados pela China dentro do sistema financeiro internacional.
Intramolecular electron transfer in multi-redox systems based on cyclic [3]spirobifluorenylene compound
Authors: Imai Tomoya , Sakamaki Daisuke , Aoyagi Shinobu , Amaya Toru
Published: August 2023

Cyclic [3]spirobifluorenylene with bulky alkyl groups at the ends (1) was designed and synthesized to investigate the electron transfer phenomena in a -conjugated system including orthogonal -conjugated chains. The three bifluorenyl units in 1 are conjugated to each other via spiro-conjugation, resulting in the splitting of the HOMO levels to a small extent. Therefore, the SOMO–HOMO gap of the radical cation species is small, which is considered to allow the facile intramolecular electron transfer. The electronic properties of 1 and its partial structures were characterized by absorption and fluorescence measurements and electrochemical analysis. From the electrochemical oxidation, the interchain Coulombic repulsion was observed. In the TD-DFT calculations for the radical cation species of 1, the geometry-featured interchain electronic transitions were visualized by NTO calculations. The radical cation species of 1 generated by chemical oxidation with SbCl5 exhibited a broadened and lower-energy shifted NIR absorption band compared to those of its partial structures. Considering the results of the TD-DFT calculations, the NIR band of the radical cation of 1 was attributed to the intramolecular electron transfer processes among the bifluorenyl units in the macrocycle. ESR experiments also indicated the delocalization of a spin of 1·+ in the whole molecule via hole hopping. This work demonstrates the usefulness of spiro-conjugation as a bridging unit in molecular wires to facilitate smooth electron transfer.
Functionalized electron-rich pyridines as initiators for the epoxy homopolymerization
Authors: Edinger David , Fischer Susanne M. , Slugovc Christian
Published: August 2023

A simple and modular dialkylation of two electron-rich pyridine derivatives, namely 4-aminopyridine or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine, is achieved by aza-Michael reactions with electron-poor olefins (ethyl acrylate and acrylonitrile). Reducing the ester groups in the ethyl acrylate-derived compounds yielded the corresponding hydroxyl-containing derivatives. Subsequently, homopolymerization of phenyl glycidyl ether as well as an epoxy-alcohol polyaddition were catalyzed using the introduced compounds. As a reference catalyst, 4-dimethylaminopyridine was used. We found that in all cases an irreversible termination of the polymerization at temperatures above 100°C occurred. The decomposition was particularly rapid in the case of pyridine derivatives containing hydroxyl groups. In contrast, at a constant temperature of 100 °C, the latter compounds gave the fastest phenyl glycidyl ether homopolymerization and high conversions were found for all electron-rich pyridine derivatives. However, testing the catalysts at high alcohol concentrations at temperatures higher than 100 °C resulted in similarly moderate conversions in all cases.
Turning On TTA: Aggregation-Induced Energy Landscape Modification
Authors: Sullivan Colette , Nienhaus Lea
Published: August 2023

The development of efficient solid-state photon upconversion (UC) devices remains paramount for practical applications of the technology, and in recent years, incorporating perovskite thin films as triplet sensitizers for triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) based UC has provided a promising solution. In the pursuit of finding an ‘ideal annihilator’ in order to maximize the apparent anti-Stokes shift, we investigate naphtho[2,3-a]pyrene (NaPy) as an annihilator in both solution-based and perovskite-sensitized TTA-UC systems. Surprisingly, we observe different emissive behaviors of NaPy in the solid state based on the excitation wavelength. Under direct excitation, a high energy transition S1’ dominates the emission spectrum, while upconversion results in predominate emission from a lower lying state S1”. We propose that this is the result of aggregation-induced lowering of the singlet excited state thus changing the fundamental energic landscape. Aggregation decreases the singlet energy below the energy level of the triplet pair state ¬1(TT), yielding energetically favorable emission from the aggregated state S1” and weak emission from the higher lying singlet state S1’.
Preparation of 3,5-methanobenzo[b]azepines: a novel sp3-rich Quinolone Isostere.
Authors: Herter Loic , Perrin Timothé , Fessard Thomas , Salome christophe
Published: August 2023

The replacement of the aromatic ring in bioactive compounds with saturated bioisosteres has become a popular tactic to obtain novel structures with improved physicochemical profiles. In this communication, we describe an efficient synthesis of 3,5-methanobenzo[b]azepine analogs and suggest them as isosteres of quinolones. Quinolones are heteroaromatic, flat rings and considered as privileged scaffolds. An isosteric version of this scaffold with more 3D character would offer new options to expand their use.
A database of molecular properties integrated in the Materials Project
Authors: Spotte-Smith Evan Walter Clark , Cohen Orion Archer , Blau Samuel , Munro Jason , Yang Ruoxi , Guha Rishabh , Patel Hetal , Vijay Sudarshan , Huck Patrick , Kingsbury Ryan , Horton Matthew , Persson Kristin
Published: August 2023

Advanced chemical research is increasingly reliant on large computed datasets of molecules and reactions to discover new functional molecules, understand chemical trends, train machine learning models, and more. To be of greatest use to the scientific community, such datasets should follow FAIR principles (i.e. be findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable). In this work, we present a FAIR expansion of the Materials Project database ("MPcules") that adds more than 170,000 molecules studied using density functional theory (DFT) to the existing data, which comprises crystalline solids. MPcules is a diverse collection of DFT calculated molecular properties, with an emphasis on reactive, open-shell, and charged species - relevant for studying reaction pathways - and a wide array of structural, electronic, vibrational, and thermodynamic properties. This database can be queried through an OpenAPI-compliant application programming interface and a featureful web application. We continue to expand the data available on MPcules and encourage contributions from the community.
Electrostatic [FeFe]-Hydrogenase–Carbon Nitride Assemblies for Efficient Solar Hydrogen Production
Authors: Liu Yongpeng , Pulignani Carolina , Webb Sophie , Cobb Samuel , Rodriguez Jimenez Santiago , Kim Dongseok , Milton Ross , Reisner Erwin
Published: August 2023

The assembly of semiconductors as light absorbers and enzymes as redox catalysts offers a promising approach for sustainable chemical synthesis driven by light. However, achieving the rational design of such semi-artificial systems requires a comprehensive understanding of the abiotic-biotic interface, which poses significant challenges. In this study, we demonstrate an electrostatic interaction strategy to interface negatively charged cyanamide modified graphitic carbon nitride (NCNCNX) with an [FeFe]-hydrogenase possessing a positive surface charge around the distal FeS cluster responsible for electron uptake into the enzyme. The strong electrostatic attraction enables efficient solar hydrogen (H2) production via direct interfacial electron transfer (DET), achieving a turnover frequency (TOF) of 18,669 h–1 (4 h) and a turnover number (TON) of 198,125 (24 h). Interfacial characterizations, including quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS), have been conducted for the first time on a carbon nitride-enzyme to provide a comprehensive understanding for the future development of photocatalytic hybrid assemblies.
Pathways and barriers to Human Development and Family Science student engagement in undergraduate research
Authors: Morgan Kari , Stafford Markham Melinda , Jackson Garrett M. , Luinstra Alexia
Published: August 2023

The value of high-impact practices in undergraduate higher education is well documented. However, very little is known about high-impact practices in Human Development and Family Science (HDFS) programs. The goal of this study was to explore one specific high-impact practice: undergraduate research. Specifically, our study explored the benefits and barriers of undergraduate research for HDFS students as well as the pathways HDFS students use to become involved in undergraduate research. College student identity theory served as a guide for our inquiry. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 undergraduate HDFS students, 13 of whom had participated in undergraduate research and 9 who had not. Results revealed three pathways students took to participate in undergraduate research: interest in a specific research topic, connection with the researcher, and preparation for graduate school. Enhanced learning, professional skills, personal growth, and relationships with others were identified as benefits of participation in undergraduate research. Barriers to participation in research included time, lack of awareness, and feelings of fear or intimidation. Specific processes for students and faculty to overcome these barriers are suggested. It is recommended that HDFS faculty and administrators provide multiple pathways and supports for undergraduate students to become involved in research.
Using grade distributions for assessment of a Child and Family Science program
Authors: Dyer Kathleen D.
Published: August 2023

Outcomes assessment in an academic family science program led to the accidental discovery of grade inflation that was causing impaction problems in upper-division major courses. The current analysis evaluates the effectiveness of a policy intervention designed to improve academic rigor in previously grade-inflated classes. The new policy required an annual grade distribution report placed in faculty personnel files in order to raise awareness of grading practices. Both before and after the policy change (2011 and 2018), we analyzed three data sources: course grade distributions, an objective, comprehensive exam for graduating seniors, and anonymous student surveys in classes. After the intervention, the percentage of As earned in classes was dramatically reduced, while performance on the comprehensive exam was dramatically improved. The number of failing grades remained constant, and student perceptions of classes in the program remained unchanged.
Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Zingiber Officinale Rhizome on Blood Glucose Level in Glucose-induced Hyperglycaemic Wistar Rats
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, School of Health and Applied Sciences, Institut Superieur Bilingue Libre Du Togo (IBLT), Efejene Israel O. , Orororo Osuvwe ,   Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria, Odeghe Othuke  b ,   Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria., Ejevwo Efetoboh
Published: August 2023

This study determined the effects of Zinger officinale Rhizome ethanolic extract on blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic Wistar rats. Twenty five adult male Wistar (150±8 g) with an average blood sugar level of 145 mg/dL were used for the study. They are divided into five treatment groups: Group A (Glucose Control – 1 g/kg bwt), Group B (Zinger officinale Rhizome extract low dose - ZOREL – 100 mg/kg bwt), Group C (Zinger officinale Rhizome extract medium dose -ZOREM – 250 mg/kg bwt), and Group D (Zinger officinale Rhizome extract high dose – ZOREH – 500 mg/kg bwt). Rats in groups B through D also received glucose (as in Group A) to cause hyperglycemia. The extracts were administered within an interval of 1-2 h for a period of ten days. Oral glucose tolerance and fasting blood glucose levels were assessed. Plasma glucose levels increased as a result of experimentally creating hyperglycemia by ingesting glucose orally. However, when the extract was given to the rats, their blood glucose levels significantly dropped. Rats administered ZOREH (Group D) on a 360-minute schedule showed the greatest decrease. At 370 minute into the experiment, ZOREL induced a reduction in blood glucose levels of 17.039%, whereas ZOREM and ZOREH generated reductions of 18.03% and 16.07% respectively. Similarly, rats given the extract (Groups B-D) had considerably lower fasting blood 5 to 10 days of glucose induction indicating that the extract enhanced the utilization of glucose. The findings suggest that ingesting Zingiber officinale rhizome extract in sufficient amounts can stabilize blood sugar levels in hyperglycemic rats.
Diet Composition and Dynamics in Fish Species of Ogun Coastal Water, Southwest, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria, Oladunjoye Rasheed Yemi , Fafioye Oyebamiji Oladeni ,   Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria, Temitope Adeleke, Mistura , Adekunle Asiru, Raheem ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria, Odufolakun Yetunde Adebukola , Ayodele, Tade Paul
Published: August 2023

Diets composition and dynamics of Eugerres plumieri, Gobioides broussonnetii, Elops aurus, Oreochromis niloticus and Heterotis niloticus in Ogun Coastal water were examined. The fish species were obtained from local fishermen fortnightly between August and October, 2021. The fishes were immediately placed on iced chess after collection and identification before transporting to the laboratory for further examination. All the stomachs of the fishes examined and the contents were analysed using numerical and frequency of occurrence methods. Results indicated that O. niloticus and E. aurus fed on analogous foods which were principally macrophytes, Chlamydomonas species and Spirogyra. Other food items observed in all the fish species includes detritus, sand grains and insect parts. High similarity in the diets dynamics of E. aurus and E. plumieri indicated food competition between the fish species which they both showed high level of trophic flexibility and probably possess same ecological niche.
A Qualitative Exploration of the Marketing Challenges Faced by Small and Medium Enterprises in Gauteng, South Africa During COVID-19
Authors: Ramsern Atlanta , Govender Krishna Kistan
Published: August 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine how the resurgence of e-commerce in South Africa during the Covid-19 pandemic impacted SMEs using e-commerce resources, and to devise strategies to assist SMEs to become more agile, resilient and better able to cope with disruptions.
 
Theoretical framework: The coronavirus pandemic highlighted the need to investigate the challenges experienced with e-commerce by SMEs in South Africa since the pandemic disrupted business through the restriction of movement of people which accelerated the use of online shopping. The e-commerce resources and dynamic capabilities of SMEs were analysed to explore the impact they have on the growth of e-commerce.
 
Methodology: Purposive sampling was used to identify 13 participants (SME owners/managers) for a qualitative study conducted using semi-structured interviews to gain an in-depth understanding of the challenges which impacted their business and marketing model. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the transcripts from the interviews and identify any patterns.
 
Findings: It was ascertained that the pandemic stimulated the growth of e-commerce among SMEs that invested in unique resources and capabilities. However, those businesses that had not invested in on-line marketing resources were negatively affected and some have had to close.
 
Practical implications: The practical implication of this research relates to how SMEs could (should) smartly digitise their business model and migrate to e-commerce more effectively and efficiently.
 
Value: This study may assist SMEs to make more informed decisions when using e-commerce platforms. The findings may also contribute to preparing South African SMEs to adapt more easily, should a similar disruption occur in the future.
What Would it Take to Successfully Introduce Compulsory Te Reo Māori in all Schools in Aotearoa New Zealand? A future focused policy analysis
Authors: Mercury Monica
Published: August 2023

While considerable ground has been made in education policy promoting te reo Māori, no government has yet been willing to implement this as a requirement for all schools in Aotearoa New Zealand. In this article I undertake a ‘future-focused’ policy analysis to consider what it might take to implement this by drawing on recent research involving key advocates and stakeholders. I propose a ‘radical incrementalism’ approach that increasingly normalises and values te reo Māori across all sectors of society and that is supported by the resourcing of teachers and teachers’ college institutions and their leadership.
The Beeby-Fraser ideal: is it time to abandon it?
Authors: O'Neill John
Published: August 2023

In 1939, C.E. Beeby, the director of education, alongside the minister of education, Peter Fraser, made a statement that has endured in New Zealand educational folklore: that ‘all persons, whatever their ability, rich or poor, whether they live in town or country, have a right as citizens to a free education of the kind for which they are best fitted and to the fullest extent of their powers’. This has underpinned aspirational visions of inclusive and egalitarian education in the past 80 years, but to what extent has this vision been realised, and is it still worthy of being an inspirational call to action? In this article, this statement call for a socially just education system is revisited, especially in light of the review of Tomorrow’s Schools (2018–19).
A Former Principal’s View and Experience of the Ministry of Education’s Involvement in Contemporary Education Issues in New Zealand
Authors: Lucas Murray
Published: August 2023

This commentary provides a former principal’s perspective on contemporary educational issues and the role of the Ministry of Education in addressing these. In the author’s experience, when the Ministry of Education works with principals, positive changes have begun to happen, although often not to the stage of embedding these changes. Problems can emerge when the Ministry of Education makes decisions without involving the sector.
Odontología en rehabilitación oral post-implante
Authors: Palacios Jurado Cesar Humberto , Gavilanes Sánchez Carol Andrea , Velez Sánchez Maria Victoria , Armijos Fernández Franklin Gonzalo
Published: August 2023

Los implantes dentales son muy utilizados en casos donde existen pérdidas dentales. Generalmente se acude a la cita odontológica luego de la extracción del diente. Con la perdida dental, el hueso alveolar pasará por una fase de curación, y esto provocará cierta reabsorción vertical y horizontal. La colocación inmediata del implante puede acortar el tiempo de tratamiento y preservar el resto del hueso alveolar, además de esto, la estética bucal forma parte importante en la utilización de implantes dentales manteniendo el equilibrio y la función del diente faltante. Las tasas de éxitos en los implantes dentales y la rehabilitación es elevada. Este método también puede beneficiar a pacientes fijos implantosoportados con restauraciones protésicas. Sin embargo, la terapia de implantes dentales enfrenta muchos desafíos relacionados con el éxito inmediato y a largo plazo, y los pacientes que se rehabilitan con terapia de implantes prostodóncicos generalmente tienen numerosas comorbilidades. La rehabilitación con implantes protésicos de pacientes suele ser un desafío en términos de lograr una mejora en su objetivo principal, la calidad de vida; sin embargo, hoy es una terapia segura y confiable.
Feasible delivery system based on poly(lactictide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles loaded with antimicrobial mupirocin for possible wound healing
Authors: Košarišťanová Ludmila , Komprda Tomáš , Popelková Vendula , Fialová Tatiana , Vymazalová Pavla , Astete Carlos E.
Published: August 2023

The objective of the study was to assess cytotoxicity (based on the dimethylthiazol–diphenyltetrazolium bromide cell viability assay) and antimicrobial effects of poly(lactictide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles with entrapped mupirocin (PLGA/MUP NPs) on Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains using a disk-diffusion method, cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) and fluorescence microscopy. Based on the evaluation of the growth curve, PLGA/MUP NPs inhibited growth of the both tested strains already at a concentration of 0.29 µg/ml, and their inhibitory effect at concentrations from 0.29 to 1.17 µg/ml was comparable with free MUP using the disk-diffusion method. PLGA/MUP NPs also tended to increase the abundance of the dead cells of MRSA, but not of S. aureus, in comparison with free MUP when evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Further, cryo-SEM evaluation demonstrated an antibacterial-inhibitory effect of PLGA/MUP NPs on S. aureus in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, PLGA/MUP NPs cytotoxic activity tended to be substantially lower in comparison with both free MUP and empty PLGA NPs. It can be concluded that the excellent biocompatibility and satisfactory antibacterial effects of PLGA/MUP NPs constitute a suitable alternative as far as cutaneous wound healing is concerned.
XÜSUSİ TƏYİNATLI ALİ TƏHSİL MÜƏSSİSƏLƏRİNDƏ FİZİKİ HAZIRLIQ FƏNNİNİN TƏDRİSİNDƏ TƏHSİLALANLARIN ŞƏXSİYYƏTİNİN SOSİAL-MƏDƏNİ İNKİŞAFI
Authors: H.I. Sharifov  , Y.N. Guliyev
Published: August 2023

Məruzənin tezisində xüsusi təyinatlı ali təhsil müəssisələrində fiziki tərbiyə fənninin tədrisində təhsilalanların şəxsiyyətinin sosial-mədəni inkişafı şərtləndirən amillər tədqiq olunmuşdur. Bu zaman gələcəkdə polis, hüquq –mühafizə və hərbi sahəsində çalışan mütəxəsisə lazım olan fiziki hazırlıqın ümumi və xüsusi növləri üzrə aşılanmalı bacarıqlar qruplaşdırılır. Ümumi və xüsusi fiziki hazırlığın təhsilalanların bir şəxsiyyət kimi sosial-mədəni inkişafına təsiri müəyyənləşdirilmişdir. Müsahibə, müşahidə, müqayisə və fiziki hazırlıq üzrə nəticələrin təhlili metodlarından istifadə edərək təhsilalanların təlim keyffiyyətinin yüksəldilməsinə nail olunmuşdur. Təhsilalanların şəxsiyyətinin sosial-mədəni inkişafının optimal yolları işlənmişdir.
ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ВЫБОРА ЛЕЧЕБНЫХ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ ПРИ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ КЕЛОИДНЫХ И ГИПЕРТРОФИЧЕСКИХ РУБЦОВ (ОБЗОР НАУЧНОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)
Authors: H.S. Karimova
Published: August 2023

В данной статье рассматриваются принципы выбора неинвазивной терапии келоидных и гипертрофических рубцов и дается краткий обзор современных консервативных методов лечения рубцов.

Суть лечения и оптимизации выбора лечебных мероприятий состоит в вариабельности тестовых заключений и оценке эффективности нескольких методов консервативного лечения.

В результате обзора научной литературы даны практические рекомендации по оптимальному выбора консервативной терапии рубцовых гипертрофий с учетом как индивидуальных особенностей пациента, так и морфофункционального состояния рубцовой ткани.