bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2-Chloro-N-(4-chlorophenyl)acetamide
Authors: Gowda B. Thimme , Foro Sabine , Fuess Hartmut
Published: November 2007

The structure of the title compound, C8H7Cl2NO, resembles those of N-(4-chlorophenyl)acetamide, N-2-chloro-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide, N-2-chloro-(4-nitrophenyl)acetamide and other related amides, with similar bond parameters. Molecules are linked into chains through N—H...O hydrogen bonding.
2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-one 1-oxide
Authors: Thiruvalluvar A. , Balamurugan S. , Butcher R. J. , Pandiarajan K. , Devanathan D.
Published: November 2007

In the title compound, C17H15FO2S, a crystallographic mirror plane bisects the molecule, passing through O=S and C=O of the central ring, with statistical disorder of the F atom. Orientational disorder of the aromatic ring is also observed; the site occupancy factors are ca. 0.75 and 0.25. In the molecule, the thiopyran unit has a chair conformation; the geometries around the S and carbonyl C atoms are tetrahedral and planar, respectively.
6-Chloro-N′-(2,4-dichlorobenzylidene)nicotinohydrazide
Authors: Zhi Feng , Yang Yi-Lin
Published: November 2007

The title compound, C13H8Cl3N3O, was synthesized by the condensation reaction of 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde with 6-chloronicotinic acid hydrazide in a methanol solution. The Schiff base molecule displays a trans configuration with respect to the C=N and C—N bonds. The dihedral angle between the benzene and pyridine rings is 5.5 (3)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular N—H...O, C—H...O and C—H...N hydrogen bonds.
cis-1-Ethyl-4,4,10-trimethyl-2-tosyl-1,2,3,3a,4,11b-hexahydro-11H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrano[5,6-c]quinolin-11-one
Authors: Chinnakali K. , Sudha D. , Jayagopi M. , Raghunathan R. , Fun Hoong-Kun
Published: November 2007

The molecule of the title compound, C26H30N2O4S, adopts a folded conformation, with the sulfonyl-bound benzene ring lying over the pyridinone ring [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.893 (1) Å], forming a dihedral angle of 23.87 (5)°. The pyrrolidine ring adopts a twist conformation and the dihydropyran ring is in a half-chair conformation. The pyrrolidine and dihydropyran rings are cis-fused. The sulfonyl group has a distorted tetrahedral geometry. In the crystal structure, the molecules are linked into a centrosymmetric R
2
2(12) dimer by C—H...O hydrogen bonds. The dimers are cross-linked into a sheet parallel to the bc plane via C—H...π interactions involving the benzene ring of the quinolinone ring system. The ethyl group is disordered over two positions; the site-occupancy factors are ca 0.8 and 0.2.
cis-4,4,10-Trimethyl-2-tosyl-1,2,3,3a,4,11b-hexahydro-11H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrano[5,6-c]quinolin-11-one hemihydrate
Authors: Chinnakali K. , Sudha D. , Jayagopi M. , Raghunathan R. , Fun Hoong-Kun
Published: November 2007

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C24H26N2O4S·0.5H2O, contains two independent molecules, A and B, with similar conformations, and a water molecule. The pyrrolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation in molecule A and a twist conformation in molecule B. In both molecules, the pyrrolidine and dihydropyran rings are cis-fused, and the dihydropyran ring has a half-chair conformation. Each of the independent molecules adopts a folded conformation, with the sulfonyl-bound benzene ring lying over the pyridinone ring. The two independent molecules, A and B, are linked together via C—H...O hydrogen bonds and C—H...π interactions. The A–B pairs are linked into a chain along the a axis by O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, as well as C—H...π interactions. The inversion- and screw-related molecules in adjacent chains are cross-linked via C—H...O and C—H...N interactions, forming a three-dimensional framework.
catena-Poly[[diaquazinc(II)]-μ-2,2′-bipyridine-3,3′-dicarboxyato-κ4
N,N′:O,O′]
Authors: Lu Lu , Wang Jun , Zhao Bao-Zhong , Zeng Feng-Chun
Published: November 2007

In the title complex, [Zn(C12H6N2O4)(H2O)2]
n
, the Zn atom, located on a twofold axis, is six-coordinated in a distorted octahedral arrangement, with two N atoms and two O atoms of two symmetry-related 2,2′-bipyridine-3,3′-dicarboxyate (dcbp) ligands located in the equatorial plane, while the two O atoms of the water molecules occupy the axial positions. The dcbp ligand acts as a bridging ligand, linking adjacent Zn ions and forming a one-dimensional infinite chain parallel to the b axis. O—H...O hydrogen bonds involving the coordinated water molecules connect adjacent chains to form layers parallel to the (001) plane.
Bis(2-{1-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylimino]propyl}phenolato)-1κ4
O,N,N′,O′;2κ4
O,N,N′,O′-methanol-2κO-μ-perchlorato-1:2κ2
O:O′-perchlorato-1κO-dicopper(II)
Authors: Butcher Ray J. , Towns William
Published: November 2007

The title compound, [Cu2(C13H18N2O2)2(ClO4)2(CH4O)], consists of two six-coordinate Jahn–Teller-distorted copper(II) complex units with the tetradentate ligand 2-{1-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylimino]propyl}phenolate observed in a planar coordination mode. Each copper center has octahedral coordination geometry. The complex units are axially connected by a bridging perchlorate anion. For one copper center, the other axial position is occupied by a terminal methanol molecule, while for the other copper center, the axial position is occupied by a weakly coordinated second perchlorate anion. As well as intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds, the two Cu complex units are also linked by intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions. The four O atoms of one perchlorate are disordered over four positions; the site occupancy factors are 0.43. 0.25, 0.19 and 0.13.
Thymine hydrogen peroxide 0.55-solvate 0.45-hydrate
Authors: Churakov Andrei V. , Howard Judith A. K.
Published: November 2007

Thymine crystallizes from 50% hydrogen peroxide to give the title hydrogen peroxide water solvate, C5H6N2O2·0.55H2O2·0.45H2O. The disordered peroxide and water molecules occupy the same positions. Thymine molecules are linked together by N—H...O hydrogen bonds forming chains parallel to the ac diagonal. Hydrogen peroxide molecules are combined by O—H...O hydrogen bonds to give chains parallel to the c axis. Both kinds of chains are organized in a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network.
From flying solo to playing as a team
Authors: Doskatsch Irene
Published: November 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explain why and how the University of South Australia Library changed its academic outreach model. It discusses the transition from the role of specialist liaison librarian to a team approach to provide support for teaching, learning and research.

Design/methodology/approach

Examines the strategies used to build collaborative relationships with the university community and observes how these relationships have influenced the development of the role of the academic library services teams.

Findings

Concludes that university libraries need to adapt to pedagogic transformations and changes in scholarly communication. Regular and frequent reviews of staffing requirements and the roles of professional librarians are necessary to ensure that the library meets the strategic priorities of the University and responds to the constantly evolving information and resource landscape.

Originality/value

Provides strategies for building productive partnerships between the library and the university community and gives examples of collaborative endeavours.
Discourse, practice, policy and organizing: some opening comments
Authors: Oswick Cliff , Keenoy Tom , Beverungen Armin , Ellis Nick , Sabelis Ida , Ybema Sierk
Published: November 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to consider the interplay between discourse, policy and practice in relation to aspects of organization and processes of organizing.

Design/methodology/approach

Provides an introduction to the six contributions contained in this special issue and discusses how they relate to the core theme.

Findings

Highlights the need for an approach which treats discourses, policies and practices as connected and mutually implicated, rather than discrete, phenomena.

Originality/value

Presents an approach to discourse analysis which promotes an engagement with wider aspects of social activity.
Agility drivers, enablers and outcomes
Authors: Vázquez‐Bustelo Daniel , Avella Lucía , Fernández Esteban
Published: November 2007

Purpose

Despite the fact that agile manufacturing has been frequently promoted as a means of improving business competitiveness, little empirical evidence exists in the literature validating its positive link with business performance. The purpose of this research paper is to analyse agile manufacturing in Spain and study whether it is a critical factor for success in different industries.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual model is drawn up, based on the literature and a previous case study, to relate turbulence in the environment with agile manufacturing practices and business performance. The model is tested on a large sample of Spanish manufacturers using a survey methodology to obtain information and a structural equation model to analyse the data.

Findings

The results obtained show that, in turbulent environments, the integrated use of agile manufacturing practices promotes manufacturing competitive strength, leading to better operational, market and financial performance.

Research limitations/implications

This study has two main limitations. First, it is difficult to determine the most suitable unit of analysis when studying agile manufacturing. Second, single respondent bias may be considered a limitation.

Practical implications

Managers should consider the integrated implementation of agile manufacturing practices in order to develop manufacturing strength and to outperform competitors in turbulent business environments.

Originality/value

This study adopts a systematic approach to the analysis of agile manufacturing, considering various agility practices or enablers in an integrated way and relating them not only to environmental characteristics but also to business performance. This approach is especially interesting because most of the literature on agile manufacturing deals with agility strategies or techniques in an isolated way. The study also tests the suitability of agile manufacturing in real organisations – for the first time in the Spanish context.
Social positioning of equal opportunity actors in Austria
Authors: Auer Manfred , Welte Heike
Published: November 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the capacities of different groups of actors, who initiate, support, and control (known as equal opportunity actors) equal opportunities and equal treatment in organizations in Austria.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the concept of social positioning and a qualitative empirical approach, the paper provides an analysis of data deriving from 32 interviews with equal opportunity actors.

Findings

The main findings show that, depending on individual commitment, knowledge and abilities, equal opportunity actors have the capacity to influence official equal opportunity policies and to prohibit individual cases of discrimination. However, there are strong restrictions concerning a limited understanding of gender, an ignorance of more subtle forms of the practising of gender and acceptance of the gendered understructure of organizations.

Research limitations/implications

The study relates to the Austrian labour relations system which is rather similar to the German system, but can hardly be transferred to other countries.

Practical implications

The analysis of capacities and restrictions of single actors within organizations may be of general interest.

Originality/value

The paper explores a nearly fully ignored aspect of equal opportunity policies which is crucial for their success or failure.
Changing HR careers: implications for management education
Authors: Heaton Norma , Ackah Carol
Published: November 2007

Purpose

The human resource (HR) function is experiencing considerable change with pressure to demonstrate added value and a trend to outsourcing. This paper aims to examine the early careers and career development of HR professionals in this time of change, and to consider the development implications for employers, the individuals themselves and providers of management education.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from participants on a postgraduate programme in human resource management (HRM) at a regional university in the UK.

Findings

The participants displayed characteristics of the protean career including both frequency of job moves and moves between management functional areas before they were in a position to acquire a professional qualification to take their career to another level.

Originality/value

The research indicates that HR careers are changing and the old certainties of a secure HR career in a large or public sector organisation can no longer be taken for granted. This has implications for higher education institutions providing specialist programmes in HRM.
Leadership development training transfer: a case study of post‐training determinants
Authors: Gilpin‐Jackson Yabome , Bushe Gervase R.
Published: November 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand what contributes to transfer of soft‐skill, leadership training.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper presents a literature review resulted in five broad factors that may influence transfer of leadership training. These were used to guide a qualitative, exploratory study. Interviews were conducted with 18 participants of an extensive, soft skill oriented leadership development program, along with peer observers. Where possible, quantitative analyses are used to test and confirm qualitative findings.

Findings

The results showed substantial transfer of training and suggest that actual utilization of newly learned skills is influenced differently than judgments about the value of the training. The greatest inhibitor to transfer appeared to be fear of breaking cultural norms and the most important remedy, the number of other managers who receive the training. In particular, having one's boss take the same training was strongly associated with post‐training utilization. Some kinds of social support, like encouragement and verbal praise, were associated with positive judgments of the training but not with utilization. Instead, observing others use the skills and being able to coach one another was the kind of “support” that effected utilization, which depended on colleagues and bosses also receiving the training.

Research limitations/implications

As an exploratory case study, the study lacks a large sample and the kind of methodology that could prove the validity of the findings.

Practical implications

A number of implications for training managers wanting to ensure their leadership development programs have real impact are discussed. In particular, the study points to a need to plan for rapid diffusion of the training and for cultural change processes in parallel with leadership development courses.

Originality/value

The paper meets a need for empirical investigation of factors associated with transfer of soft skills into the workplace, as called for by researchers like Cheng and Ho. It identifies differences in what impacts judgments of value versus what actually impacts transfer. It also identifies how changing leadership behavior is as much a cultural intervention as a change in skill sets.
IT‐adaptation challenges in the process industry: an exploratory case study
Authors: Rönnbäck Lars , Holmström Jonny , Hanseth Ole
Published: November 2007

Purpose

This paper seeks to identify and explore critical challenges for the process industry in information technology (IT) infrastructure integration and adaptation.

Design/methodology/approach

An exploratory case study was conducted at a paper mill and their main IT‐vendor. Using a qualitative approach eight semi‐structured interviews were carried out with representatives from both organizations.

Findings

The paper identifies four critical challenges in the integration and adaptation of IT‐infrastructure in the process industry: integration as an ongoing process; maintaining stability in the installed base; locking the right stuff in; and balancing user value, continuity of production and compatibility.

Practical implications

Given the centrality of IT infrastructure in today's process industries, the importance of dealing with these challenges must be emphasized. The four challenges identified in this study are of such a complexity that they can only lend themselves to the evolutionary strategy. Such a strategy is in concert with the sensibility towards risk found in the paper industry.

Originality/value

This paper contributes by building on and expanding IT‐infrastructure literature, as a result of exploring IT‐adaptation challenges in process industry organizations. The findings also provide managers with a valuable insight into recognizing and handling these challenges.
Benevolence in the importer‐exporter relationship
Authors: Lee Dong‐Jin , Lee Moonkyu , Suh Jaebeom
Published: November 2007

Purpose

This research aims to test a model that proposes potential antecedents and consequences of an importer's benevolence towards its foreign export supplier. The model posits that an importer's satisfaction with and commitment to its relationship with a foreign export supplier have a positive impact on its benevolence towards the exporter, which in turn positively influences the performance of the dyadic relationship. The model also suggests that the effect of the importer's relationship satisfaction on benevolence is moderated by value similarity and cultural familiarity.

Design/methodology/approach

The model was tested through a mail survey of US importers who bought from foreign exporters.

Findings

The results largely support the model. The findings of this study also indicate that the importer's relationship satisfaction has a significant influence on benevolence only when cultural familiarity is high.

Practical implications

Strategic implications for international marketers are discussed.

Originality/value

The model proposed has value for marketing professionals.
Project business: a distinct mode of internationalization
Authors: Owusu Richard A. , Sandhu Maqsood , Kock Sören
Published: November 2007

Purpose

The aim of the paper is to elaborate a framework of project business as a distinct mode of internationalization. The uniqueness and complexity of project business as a core mode are portrayed by comparing it with other internationalization modes. It is agreed that a single project sale is a discrete form of direct involvement in a foreign market. However, this provides opportunities for network interactions that can facilitate further project business openings in a foreign market and on a global level.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the abductive method, the paper constructs a comparative framework of project business and other forms of internationalization. It illustrates the discussion with a longitudinal case study of a company that uses project business as its strategic choice for its internationalization.

Findings

The paper finds that, using project business as its core internationalization mode, the company has expanded its global business as well as entering and succeeding in foreign business networks. It proposes that the network and relationship‐based project business approach is viable as a strategic alternative for internationalization on its own or in combination with other modes.

Research limitations/implications

The study provides a framework for positioning project business as a separate internationalization mode. It provides a comparative framework for internationalization modes.

Practical implications

This study provides managers with an understanding of project business as a distinct and profitable mode of internationalization. It illuminates the network and relationship‐building aspects of project business.

Originality/value

According to the research, this is the first study that proposes project business as a distinct mode of internationalization. Much previous research has either not mentioned project business or subsumed it as an unimportant part of exports. The framework developed in this study should spur new research on the issue.
Organizational justice and workplace mediation: a six‐factor model
Authors: Nabatchi Tina , Blomgren Bingham Lisa , Good David H.
Published: November 2007

Purpose

This study examines the structure and dimensionality of organizational justice in a workplace mediation setting. It has three purposes: to determine whether the procedural and interpersonal justice factors in the four‐factor model of organizational justice can be split, thereby providing support for a six‐factor model; to identify how the split factors relate to other factors in the model; and to uncover any differences in employee and supervisor perceptions of organizational justice in workplace mediation.

Design/methodology/approach

Confirmatory factor analysis is used to explore the fit of four different models of organizational justice. The paper examines cross factor correlations to assess the strength and relationships among factors and to look for differences between employees and supervisors.

Findings

It is found that a six‐factor model of organizational justice provides the best fit for the data and that factor relationships differ little for employees and supervisors.

Research limitations/implications

This is a field test of REDRESS®, the USPS employment mediation program which uses transformative mediation. The study has important theoretical and research implications for organizational justice and workplace mediation.

Practical implications

The study has practical implications for organizational conflict management and dispute system design.

Originality/value

Organizational justice has not been adequately explored within the context of workplace mediation. The study is unique in that it concurrently examines multiple factors of organizational justice, using a large, longitudinal dataset from an internationally recognized workplace mediation program.
Teams as substitutes for leadership
Authors: Huusko Liisa
Published: November 2007

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to address teams as substitutes for leadership. The article makes use of juridical foundations as a normative basis for addressing substitutes for leadership. Together with the means of management and leadership, the juridical foundations constitute the background for defining sufficient and good supervisory work, which is used as an assistant instrument in addressing the research question: can teams act as substitutes for leadership?

Design/methodology/approach

In this article, substitutes for leadership theories are used to analyze the status of teams. The article includes a preliminary empirical study in a timber procurement organization and ideas for further investigations are provided.

Findings

Teams often do not act as internal supervisors or as sources of feedback and incentives, even though they are expected to do so. Some team members experience feelings of abandonment. Although planned as substitutes or supplements, teams can instead become neutralizers.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to recognizing the status of teams and to research questions concerned with explanations for the problems of teams.
Technology acceptance: a meta‐analysis of the TAM: Part 1
Authors: Yousafzai Shumaila Y. , Foxall Gordon R. , Pallister John G.
Published: November 2007

Purpose

This paper is the first of two concerned with a meta‐analysis of the technology acceptance model (TAM). This part aims to present a narrative literature review of 145 papers published on the TAM.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach takes the form of a literature review of 145 papers on the TAM.

Findings

The review identifies TAM as a basis for identifying gaps and providing guidelines for implementation of management and the conduct of future research.

Originality/value

The paper presents a comprehensive literature review and a rigorous meta‐analysis to progress towards a unified view of the TAM.
Customer perceived value in a cellar door visit: the impact on behavioural intentions
Authors: Gill Donna , Byslma Brett , Ouschan Robyn
Published: November 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of customer perceived value on behavioural intentions in a cellar door context, and to examine the role of satisfaction as a mediator of the customer perceived value‐behavioural intentions relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

A multi‐dimensional measure of customer perceived value was used to determine which aspects of the cellar door experience were valued by visitors and how value dimensions impact on subsequent wine purchase intentions. Data collected from visitors to wineries of the Margaret River and the Swan Valley regions in Western Australia were used to empirically test a model of customer perceived value on behavioural intentions with satisfaction posited as a mediating variable. Multiple regression was employed to test hypothesised relationships.

Findings

Results indicate that four out of five dimensions of customer perceived value (service quality, technical quality, price, and social value) have a positive impact on the behavioural intentions of cellar door visitors with overall satisfaction partially mediating the relationship.

Research limitations/implications

The data were collected from only one country. Future studies can investigate customer perceived value relating to cellar door visits in a cross‐cultural context covering a wider spread of wine regions. Furthermore, longitudinal research could determine the impact of the customer perceived value dimensions on the actual purchase of the wineries' wines from retail outlets and restaurants.

Practical implications

This paper provides winery managers with valuable information on how cellar door experiences can be improved across a range of different value dimensions.

Originality/value

This paper is the first to empirically test customer perceived value in a cellar door setting.
Errors in extension measurements from planar faults observed on seismic reflection lines
Authors: Sclater JOHN G. , Célérier BERNARD
Published: November 2007

Abstract The preferred model for the extension of brittle crust involves the rotation of planar fault blocks. We show that in general the distortion at the ends of the blocks does not affect the measurement of extension. The horizontal displacement on a normal fault, the heave, is observed with little distortion on a seismic reflection time‐section. It can be used to estimate the amount of extension. We demonstrate that the sum of the heaves is not equal to the actual elongation if the blocks have rotated. However, the error in the extension factor, β, introduced by equating elongation with the sum of the heaves is small. It increases with the amount of rotation from 0 for no rotation to 13% for the maximum observed angle of rotation of 30o. We compare this value with the practical error introduced by uncertainties in seismic velocities when the elongation is measured from a depth‐converted seismic section. This latter error is significantly smaller being approximately 5% for an error in velocity of 20% when the rotation angle is less than 30o.
Burial history of Late Neogene sedimentary basins on part of the New Zealand convergent plate margin
Authors: Wells PATRICIA
Published: November 2007

Abstract Burial histories of Late Neogene sedimentary basins on the Wairarapa fold and thrust belt of the Hikurangi convergent plate margin (New Zealand) have been deduced from decompacted sedimentary columns and palaeo‐waterdepths. These indicate that at least two major cycles of basement subsidence and uplift have occurred since 15 Ma. The older (15‐10 Ma) cycle affected outer areas of the forearc. Subsidence, at a minimum rate of 0.5‐0.6 mm/yr, was followed by rapid uplift. The subsequent (10 Ma to present) cycle affected a broad area of the inner forearc. Subsidence, at an average rate 0.33 mm/yr, was followed by uplift at an average rate of 0.5‐1.5 mm/yr. Vertical movement is continuing, with uplift of the axial greywacke ranges and development of the Wairarapa Depression.

Palinspastic reconstructions of the inner forearc region indicate that basin development was characterized by a see‐saw oscillation in basin orientation, with the axis of the basin and direction of basin tilt switching back and forth from east to west through time. A large‐scale change in basin orientation took place around 2 Ma when the westernmost part of Wairarapa began to rise on the flanks of the rising Tararua Range, associated with the ramping of the Australian Plate up and over the subducted Pacific Plate. Loading of the forearc is unlikely to have been a significant cause of basement subsidence before this event. Earlier phases of basin development associated with basement subsidence and uplift may be related to a complex interplay of tectonic factors, including the westward migration of the subducted Pacific Plate as it passed beneath southern North Island during Miocene time, episodes of locking and unlocking of parts of the plate interface, and growth of the accretionary prism.
Extension and subsidence of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea
Authors: Su DAQUAN , White NICKY , McKenzie DAN
Published: November 2007

Abstract The uniform stretching model has been applied to seismic reflection profiles and well‐log information from the Pearl River Mouth Basin on the northern flank of the South China Sea. Stretching factors were calculated from subsidence curves determined from the stratigraphy by using the backstripping technique to remove the effects of compaction and sediment loading. Variations in rift topography, palaeobathymetry and global sea‐level v/ere taken into account. We argue that the Pearl River Mouth Basin formed by lithospheric extension by a factor of about 1.8, lasting from Late Cretaceous to late Oligocene times. Stretching factors calculated from subsidence agree with those determined from the geometry of normal faulting and from crustal thinning. Thus there is no indication of a significant discrepancy between the different estimates of stretching. The geometry of faulting suggests that considerable amounts of local footwall uplift occurred during the rifting period. Small differences between the observed and calculated subsidence curves (? 400 m in the middle Miocene) are best explained by minor amounts of extension (β? 1.1). The time‐temperature history of sediments within the basin has also been calculated so that expected vitrinite reflectance and oil abundance could be determined. The results are consistent with each other and are in reasonable agreement with observations from wells.
Sediment blanketing and the flexural strength of extended continental lithosphere
Authors: Karner Garry D.
Published: November 2007

The flexural rigidity of the oceanic lithosphere is strongly dependent on its temperature structure at the time of loading. It is commonly assumed that the depth to the 450°C isotherm defines the effective elastic thickness Te of the lithosphere. However, recent gravity studies across the Baltimore Canyon and Nova Scotian margins suggest that temperature may play a more complicated role in controlling the mechanical strength of extended continental lithosphere. For example, the flexural strength of the Baltimore Canyon margin (with sediment thicknesses of ≅ 15 km) appears to be controlled by the depth to the 150°C isotherm whereas the strength of the Nova Scotian margin (with sediment thicknesses cf ≅ 10 km) is controlled by the depth to the 250°C isotherm. The apparent correlation between sediment thickness and controlling isotherm suggests that sediment blanketing may play a role in modifying the flexural strength of extended continental lithosphere. This hypothesis was investigated by simulating the sedimentation history of a margin as a Gaussian function in which sedimentation peak and rate are determined by the mean and standard deviation of the function. The temperature structure of the lithosphere is continually modified as sediments are deposited on, and incorporated into the temperature structure of, the underlying lithosphere. Given a ‘starting’ value of Te defined by the degree of extension of the lithosphere, the modification of Te appears to be directly proportional to the sedimentation rate and cumulative sediment thickness, and inversely proportional to the time at which the sedimentation rate is a maximum. The first‐order consequence of sediment blanketing is to reduce the cooling rate of the lithosphere relative to cooling in the absence of sediments. At thermal equilibrium, the initial value of Te is reduced by the cumulative sediment thickness. Local isostatic conditions (i. e. Te≅ 0) can only be approached when the sedimentation rate is unrealistically high (> 1000 m/Myr) during the rift or early post‐rift phase of basin development. However, while these early loads may be locally compensated, any subsequent loads will be regionally compensated. Thus, it is unlikely that the low present‐day flexural strengths interpreted from the Baltimore Canyon and Nova Scotian passive continental margins are a consequence of sediment blanketing.
Late Cretaceous basement foundering of the Rosario embayment, Peninsular Ranges forearc basin: backstripping of the El Gallo Formation, Baja California Norte, Mexico
Authors: Pinter Nicholas , Fulford Madeleine M.
Published: November 2007

Excellent exposure, well‐controlled palaeobathymetry, and tightly‐spaced, high‐precision radiometric age control in the El Gallo Fm. permit rigorous quantitative analysis. Backstripping of these proximal nonmarine, forearc basin deposits reveals that, during the Late Cretaceous, the Rosario embayment of the Peninsular Ranges forearc was undergoing an episode of rapid tectonic subsidence. This subsidence had several marked effects on the sedimentology of the Rosario embayment: formation of a broad alluvial plain consisting of coarse‐grained clastics; rapid (∼ 600 m Myr‐1) aggradation of sediments; and a retrogradational succession of facies, capped by a marine transgression, as deposition failed to keep pace with eustatic rise and subsidence.

Long‐term sedimentation is driven by some combination of two allocyclic mechanisms: tectonic subsidence and eustatic sea‐level rise. In order to evaluate which force predominated during deposition of the El Gallo Fm., the processes of sedimentation, compaction, and isostasy are evaluated through the interval in question. A sensitivity analysis is performed, in which the maximum tectonic and maximum eustatic contributions are estimated, along with the best‐fit model. These results are qualitatively the same: tectonic subsidence was the major driving force of sedimentation in the Rosario embayment in late Campanian time. Regional sedimentological similarities suggest that this tectonic subsidence may have characterized the Peninsular Ranges forearc margin at this time, reflecting an episode of active down‐faulting during the Late Cretaceous.
Strike‐slip tectonics and development of the Tertiary Queen Charlotte Basin, offshore western Canada: evidence from seismic reflection data
Authors: Rohr K. M. M. , Dietrich J. R.
Published: November 2007

Interpretation of seismic reflection data have led to a new model of the development of the Queen Charlotte Basin. New multi‐channel data collected in 1988 and an extensive network of unpublished older single‐ and multi‐channel profiles from industry image a complex network of sub‐basins. Structural styles vary along the axis of the basin from broadly spaced mainly N‐trending sub‐basins in Queen Charlotte Sound, to closely spaced NW‐trending sub‐basins in Hecate Strait, to an E‐Wen echelonbelt of sub‐basins in Dixon Entrance. Transtensional tectonics dominated in the Miocene and transpression dominated in the Pliocene except in Queen Charlotte Sound. The data we present prove that the origin of the basin is extensional and its most recent deformation is compressive.

Evidence for the strike‐slip origin of tectonism includes along‐axis variations in structures, simultaneous extension and compression in adjacent sub‐basins, lack of correlations across faults, and mixed normal and reverse faults within structures. We infer that the Pacific‐North America plate boundary has been west of the Queen Charlotte Islands since the Miocene when relative plate motions have been dominantly strike‐slip. The formation and development of the Queen Charlotte Basin is the result of distributed shear; by which a small percentage of the plate motion has been taken up in a network of faults across the continental margin. As this region of crust deforms it interacts with neighbouring rigid crust resulting in extension dominating in the south of the basin and compression in the north. Continental crust adjacent to some transform plate boundaries can be sheared over a wide region; the network of basins in southwestern California is a good analogue for the Queen Charlotte Basin.
Oligocene to Early Miocene sedimentation and tectonics in the southern part of the Calabrian‐Peloritan Arc (Aspromonte, southern Italy): a record of mixed‐mode piggy‐back basin evolution
Authors: Weltje GERTJAN
Published: November 2007

The Calabrian‐Peloritan Arc (southern Italy) represents a fragment of the European margin, thrusted onto the Apennines and Maghrebides during the Europe‐Apulia collision in the late Early Miocene. A reconstruction of the pre‐Middle Miocene tectono‐sedimentary evolution of the southern part of the Calabrian‐Peloritan Arc (CPA) is presented, based on a detailed analysis of the Stilo‐Capo ďOrlando Formation (SCO Fm). Deposition of the SCO Fm occurred in a series of mixed‐mode piggy‐back basins. Basin evolution was controlled by two intersecting fault systems. A NW‐SE oriented system delimited a series of sub‐basins and fixed the position of feeder channels and submarine canyons, whereas a NE‐SW oriented system controlled the axial dispersal of coarse‐grained sediments within each of the sub‐basins. From base to top, sedimentary environments change from terrestrial and lagoonal to upper bathyal over a timespan of approximately 12 Myr (late Early Oligocene‐late Early Miocene). During this interval, extensional tectonic activity alternated with oblique backthrusting events, related to dextral transpression along the NW‐SE oriented faults. This produced a characteristic pulsating pattern of basin evolution.

Oligocene‐Early Miocene evolution of the W. Mediterranean basin was dominated by ‘roll back’ of the Neotethyan oceanic lithosphere. Considerable extension in the overriding European Plate gave rise to the formation of a back arc‐thrust system. The initial stages of Calabrian Basin evolution are remarkably similar to the evolution of rift basins in the back arc (Sardinia). The Calabrian basins, which are inferred to have originated as thin‐skinned pull‐apart basins, were subsequently incorporated into the Apennines‐Maghrebides accretionary wedge by out‐of‐sequence thrusting, and became decoupled from the back arc. Periodic restabilization of the accretionary wedge, resulting in an alternation of backthrusting and listric normal faulting, provides an explanation for the structural evolution of these mixed‐mode basins. The basins of the southern part of the CPA may be termed ‘spanner’ or ‘looper’ basins, in view of their characteristic pulsating structural evolution, superimposed upon their migration toward the foreland. This new term adequately accounts for the occurrence of tectonic inversions in long‐lived piggy‐back basins, as expected in the light of the dynamics of accretionary wedges.
Lithospheric flexure as a control on stratal geometry and fades distribution in Upper Cretaceous rocks of the Alberta foreland basin
Authors: Plint A. GUY , Hart BRUCE S. , Donaldson W. STEVEN
Published: November 2007

Facies distributions, stratal geometry and regional erosional bevelling surfaces in Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian‐Santonian) strata of the Alberta foreland basin are interpreted in terms of high‐frequency (probably eustatic) relative changes in sea level, superimposed on longer‐term basin‐floor warping, related to episodic tectonic loading. Thick marine shales correspond to periods of rapid subsidence whereas thin but extensive strandplain sandstones record rapid progradation during slow subsidence. Westward‐thickening wedges of coastal plain strata were deposited during initial downwarping of a near‐horizontal strandplain, prior to marine transgression. Surfaces of erosional bevelling beneath which between 40 and >160m of strata have been removed extend at least 300 km from the present deformation front and are interpreted to reflect forebulge uplift in the east. Uplift appears to have lagged about 0.25‐0.5 Myr behind the onset of accelerated loading. Thin marine sandstones which grade westward into mudstone are interpreted as material winnowed from the crest of the rising forebulge. Subsidence and/or westward migration of the forebulge allowed the sea to flood westward across the eastern flank of the eroded forebulge. The transgressive shoreface cut asymmetric notches which were later blanketed by marine shales which lap out from east to west. The two unconformities which embody the largest erosional vacuity are veneered locally with oolitic ironstone which accumulated in a shallow, sediment‐starved setting on the crest of the forebulge. The consistent pattern of erosional bevelling and lap‐out of transgressive shales might be interpreted as evidence that the forebulge migrated towards the thrust load over a period of <1 Myr.
Carbonate platforms as recorders of high‐amplitude eustatic sea‐level fluctuations: the late Albian appenninica‐event
Authors: Grötsch JÜRGEN , Schroeder ROLF , Noé SIBYLLE , Flugel ERIK
Published: November 2007

The mid‐Cretaceous was a time in which rapid vertical carbonate accumulation alternated with intervals of world‐wide crisis on carbonate platforms. Next to the well‐known mid‐Valanginian, mid‐Aptian and Cenomanian/Turonian event, the late Albian Rotalipora appennirjica‐7.one is a period of severe platform crisis which is reflected differently on different platforms in the Tethys, the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean. On the Dinaric Platform in western Slovenia (Tethys) karstification and subsequent temporary drowning of parts of the platform is recorded in sediment infillings of a cave system in a reef along the northern edge of the open ocean platform. Biostratigraphic analysis indicates that vertical aggradation, karstification, short‐term pelagic influx and subsequent shallow‐water carbonate production all took place in the late Albian. Simultaneous, but complete drowning can be observed in the north‐west Pacific which is an area where the demise of reefs is most obviously expressed by numerous sunken atolls. New sedimentological and palaeontological data, as well as seabeam and seismic data from several cruises, suggest a dramatic fall of sea level prior to a rise of even higher amplitude in the Rotalipora appenninica‐zone. This sea‐level rise led to the deposition of a drowning succession and the formation of terminally drowned barrier reefs, rimming the top of many guyots. Karstification and drowning during the same biozone is also recorded on an isolated, shelf‐attached platform in the Basco‐Cantabrian Basin (North Atlantic) which shows similar cavity systems, infilling sediments and a thin drowning succession. Another example of late Albian platform drowning is the Maracaibo Platform in north‐west Venezuela. Thus, carbonate platforms can be used as recorders of high‐amplitude sea‐level changes, providing quantitative data on magnitude of fluctuations and their nature (relative vs. eustatic). In the case of the appenninica‐extnt, they also provide evidence that even during Cretaceous greenhouse climate period(s), dramatic disturbance of climatic equilibrium linked with short‐term high‐amplitude regressive‐transgressive cycle(s) occurred. The reason for this eustatic sea‐level fluctuation is yet unclear but could ultimately be triggered by volcanotectonic processes.
Geothermal field interpretation in south‐central Kansas for parts of the Nemaha Anticline and flanking Cherokee and Sedgwick basins
Authors: Förster ANDREA , Merriam DANIEL F.
Published: November 2007

The first assessment of temperature conditions in Kansas was made by geothermal gradient computations from temperature measurements in shallow boreholes, and these conditions are related to structural patterns, sedimentary cover and underlying basement properties. The area of south‐central Kansas was selected for detailed study of geothermal character in relation to the geology. The aim was to quantify the relations and to determine the relationship of different variables of the temperature field. Input parameters included geothermal variables of gradient and temperature, and structure and sediment thickness. Two approaches were used: (1) the numerical computation of theoretical temperature‐depth models based on conductive heat transfer, and (2) a map‐comparison technique based on algebraic methods. The temperature field information usable for the map comparison is different in response to different measurements (nonequilibrium BHTs and temperatures from logged measurements in equilibrium).

Derived from modelled results (plotted isotherms on cross‐sections), a close relation between gradients and thermal conductivity of the sediments was confirmed. The most noticeable effect on the geothermal field, as noted quantitatively from the map‐comparison study, is the relation of thickness of outcropping Permo‐Pennsylvanian units because of their different thermal conductivity. The eastward increase of mean gradients is inversely related to the total sediment thickness, but this is mostly recognizable using the shallow temperature gradients. This dissimilarity gives additional evidence for a close link between gradients and thermal conductivity of the sediments in which the temperature measurements were made. The effect caused by the structure in deeper (older) units is not important and seems not to be significant, nor is the influence of the basement rock composition as indicated by the temperature modelling.
Sedimentation processes and basin‐filling depositional architecture in an active asymmetric graben: Strava graben, Gulf of Corinth, Greece
Authors: Papatheodorou G. , Ferentinos G.
Published: November 2007

This paper presents data on the sedimentation processes and basin‐fill architecture in an incipient submarine intrabasinal graben, the Strava graben. The Strava graben is a relatively small intrabasinal structure about 15 km long and 3 km wide formed some time during the late Pleistocene. It connects the Alkyonidhes basin to the Corinth basin, in the Aegean back arc, which is characterized by fast rates of extension and intensive seismicity.

Analysis and interpretation of high‐resolution 3.5‐kHz and sparker profiles together with sonar imagery have shown that gravity‐driven sediment transport, triggered by earthquakes, is the dominant sedimentation process and that this sediment forms the vast bulk of the basin‐fill.

The sediment deposited in the Strava graben is derived from the uplifted footwall blocks bounding the graben and is transported to the basin initially as liquefied flows, some of which may progressively evolve to turbidity flows. The deposits of the liquefied flows have accumulated in the graben floor as aggradational stacks, consisting of sheet‐like, low‐relief lobes, forming base of slope aprons that are fed by multiple sediment sources along active faults. In addition to the lateral (footwall‐derived) sediment transport there is also a gravity‐controlled axial transport.

The axial transport has formed a depositional system in the down‐dip termination of the Strava graben, where it enters the Corinth basin. The axial depositional system grows outwards and upwards and consists of liquefied flow depositional lobes which are separated by turbidites.

The sedimentation transport processes and basin infilling style described for the Strava graben can be used as a predictive model for the early synrift stage of ancient submarine intrabasinal structures, in which the major sediment source area is the bounding fault scarps and not drainage basins in the hinterland.