bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a national strategy with recommendations for the care of seriously ill and dying people and their relatives in pandemics: A modified Delphi study
Authors: Gauder Sonja , Pralong Anne , Rémi Constanze , Hodiamont Farina , Klinger Isabell , Heckel Maria , Simon Steffen T , Bausewein Claudia
Published: August 2022

Background:

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a constant challenge for health care systems, also in Germany. Care of seriously ill and dying people and their relatives is often neglected and suffering increased due to sub-optimal symptom management, visiting restrictions and lonely dying. The project “Palliative Care in Pandemics (PallPan)” intended to develop a national strategy including evidence- and consensus-based recommendations for the care of seriously ill and dying people and their relatives during pandemic times in Germany.

Aim:

To reach consensus on evidence-based recommendations for the care of seriously ill and dying people and their relatives in pandemics.

Methods:

Three-step consensus process comprising two online Delphi rounds and an expert workshop conducted from April to June 2021. One hundred twenty experts from various areas of healthcare, administration, and politics in Germany were included.

Results:

During the consensus-process, pre-formulated evidence-based recommendations were refined step-by-step. This resulted in consensus on 33 recommendations on the topics of “supporting patients and their relatives,” “supporting staff,” and “supporting and maintaining structures and provision of palliative care.” The recommendations address professional carers and various responsibilities on a governmental, federal state and municipal level, and in healthcare facilities.

Conclusion:

We provide evidence and consensus-based recommendations for the care of seriously ill and dying people and their relatives in pandemics in Germany. This is an important step towards a pandemic preparedness and hopefully improves the future palliative care response to pandemics.
Context Matters: Authoritarian Populism and Public Administration Practice, Teaching, and Research
Authors: Box Richard C.
Published: August 2022

The political context of public administration in the United States may change considerably in the near future, away from liberal democracy and toward an intensification of the authoritarian populism familiar from the Trump era. The people and practices of public administration experience the effects of the societal context in their daily work and the course of their careers, so that “context matters.” This essay uses the description of the current context of the public sector at the federal, state, and local levels, and in academia, to examine the potential impacts of a contextual shift to authoritarian populism in the next several years. The examination includes daily practice, the teaching of controversial concepts in public universities, and conducting research on salient topics in public administration.
One hundred years since Freud’s Group Psychology: Challenges for groups in the 21st-century
Authors: Penna Carla
Published: August 2022

Cosmin Chita from Zurich and I, Carla Penna from Brazil, in association with David Glyn, the president of the Group Analytic Society International and Linde Wotton chair of the Scientific Committee are pleased to introduce the 46th Autumn Workshop. This year we celebrate the 100th anniversary of Freud’s Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse translated into English as Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego (1921). To delve into the topic we are grateful to count on an international staff. I would like to celebrate in this event the memory of our dearest Malcolm Pines.
Who’s Helping Whom? Examination of Care Arrangements for Racially and Ethnically Diverse People Living With Dementia in the Community
Authors: Parker Lauren J. , Fabius Chanee
Published: August 2022

Objective: To address notions around care arrangements for Black and Hispanic people living with dementia (PLwD), the study examined if racial and ethnic differences exist for community-dwelling PLwD. Methods: Using cross-sectional data from the 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study, we used Pearson’s chi-square and mean comparison to examine differences among a sample of n = 863 community-dwelling White, Black, and Hispanic older PLwD. Results: Black PLwD were less likely than White PLwD to use paid help (26.8% vs. 32.6%), but Hispanic PLwD were most likely to use paid help (46.2%, p < 0.05). Black and Hispanic older adults were more often receiving help from a child (65.8% and 72.2%, respectively; p = 0.01) or other family member (40.3% and 31.0%, respectively; p < 0.01). Discussion: Our findings highlight the important role of familial support in care provision for Black and Hispanic communities. Caregiving supports should be intentional in centering services on the family, not a sole caregiver.
Slaying the “Venomous Beast:” Envy in the Work of Christian Ministry and Teaching
Authors: Setran David
Published: August 2022

Envy is a vice that is both widespread and uniquely corrosive, undermining relationships among ministry and teaching colleagues. This article draws upon a wide array of historical and contemporary ministers, theologians, philosophers, and social scientists to look at the meaning of envy, the contexts in which envy is most likely to emerge, the destructive power of envy, and the perspectives and practices that are necessary for envy to be tamed in church and school environments.
Ideal Eye, Nasal Tip, Cheek, and Forehead Structures Related to Vertical, Oblique Relationships and the Facial Oval Shape
Authors: Young Philip , Young Chloe
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

The Circles of Prominence is a new theory on facial beauty based on what viewers spend the most time observing when they see a face. Here, we test the influence the iris, nasal tip, and lower lip have on the ideal forehead, mouth, and cheek shapes and how they ideally relate to the general oval facial shape.

Materials and Methods:

This is a subjective survey where 245 participants ranked 5 sets of 20 total line drawings based on attractiveness. The survey was conducted with an online service (SurveyMonkey®). The data underwent statistical analysis. The goal was to test the ideal forehead, mouth and cheek shadowing, ideal forehead height and ideal positioning of the eyes and nasal tip.

Results:

Vertical shadowing of the forehead, mouth and cheek were most ideal when they aligned with the iris. The upper border of cheek shadowing was most ideal when aligned with the top of the ears and center of the lower lip. The iris and nasal tip were ideally related in the same way the 2 diameters of the facial oval relate to each other. Forehead height is likely most ideal when it is related to the iris to center of the lower lip distance.

Discussion:

The shape of the forehead, mouth, and cheek are influenced by the vertical position of the iris. The upper border of the cheek is ideally defined by an oblique relationship established by the top of the ears and center of the lower lip which supports the hypothesis that the face is ideally organized in part by parallel, oblique relationships that are established by the iris and nasal tip. The iris and lower lip appears to have an influence on forehead height. The iris and nasal tip orient the eye and nose units and their positioning is influenced by the vertical and horizontal diameters of the oval shape of the face.

Conclusion:

Facial beauty can be explained by simple mathematics within the face. The iris width and shape ideally dictates all shapes that are close to its size, this is progressively followed by the horizontal aperture of the eye, and the iris-to-iris distance. Here, we find that the iris-to-iris distance or just the absolute position of the iris itself exerts more influence on the forehead, cheek, and mouth shapes, and the iris and nasal tip together ideally organizes the face into parallel oblique relationships and harmonizes with the face by relating to the face’s oval dimensions.
The Chronological Demographics of Ventricular-Arterial Decoupling in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Nasu Michitaka , Sato Ryota , Takahashi Kuniko , Nakaizumi Takayuki , Maruyama Akiyoshi , Ueda Shinichiro
Published: August 2022

Background

Ventricular-arterial coupling (V-A coupling) recently gathers attention from clinicians to evaluate the interaction between afterload and left ventricular systolic function. We aimed to describe the chronological demographics of V-A decoupling in patients with sepsis and septic shock through the clinical course.

Method

We conducted a single-center prospective observational study comprising adult patients with sepsis and septic shock admitted to the tertiary care hospital between 04/2017 and 03/2019. Patients’ characteristics, lab data on admission, and echocardiographic parameters including Ea and Ees on the day- 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14–28 were collected. V-A decoupling was defined as Ea/Ees ≥ 1.36.

Results

Seventy-one patients with sepsis or septic shock were enrolled. The prevalence of V-A decoupling was as follows; day-1: 25.4%, day-2: 23.8%, day-3: 13.3%, day-7: 18.5%, day-14–28: 30.3%, respectively. Ea was higher in patients with V-A decoupling than those without throughout the clinical course (day1; 2.8 vs. 1.8, p < 0.01, day2; 2.7 vs. 1.9, p < 0.01, day3; 2.8 vs. 2.1, p = 0.06, day7; 2.7 vs. 1.9, p = 0.02, day14-28; 2.4 vs. 1.8, p = 0.08). This increase in Ea was mainly induced by reduced stroke volume (SV) as well as high systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the earlier course of sepsis but only by increased SBP in the later course of sepsis. Ees was lower in patients with V-A decoupling than those without throughout the clinical course (day1; 1.3 vs. 2.1, p < 0.01, day2; 1.5 vs. 2.3, p < 0.01, day3; 1.6 vs. 2.3, p = 0.02, day7; 1.8 vs. 2.3, p = 0.01, day14-28; 1.2 vs. 1.9, p = 0.07).

Conclusion

We reported that V-A decoupling was commonly seen in patients with sepsis and septic shock. In patients with V-A decoupling, both Ea and Ees were significantly altered, but the causes of these alterations appeared to be changing over the clinical course of sepsis.
Universities’ contribution to culture and creativity-led regional development: Conflicting institutional demands and hybrid organizational responses
Authors: Cinar Ridvan , Coenen Lars
Published: August 2022

Universities are increasingly recognized for playing a proactive role in supporting culture and creativity-led regional development. Meanwhile, they are also expected to distinguish themselves in their core activities via mission differentiation. Often these two demands are pitched against each other while little attention has been paid to the way universities can manage them. Drawing on a case study involving 29 semi-structured interviews carried out with key actors, this article examines the way a public university located in a peripheral region in the Netherlands navigated such a complex institutional environment. The findings suggest that the university formulated a hybrid response strategy, engaging in both institutional demands simultaneously while prioritizing collaboration with cultural and creative industries and talent attraction over other sub-demands. More importantly, the authors demonstrate that organizational identity, which itself is influenced by peripheral characteristics as well as other institutional factors, plays a significant role in the formulation of a hybrid response strategy. They therefore argue that universities’ contribution to culture and creativity-led regional development is not only dependent on their resource capacity – as is often suggested in the literature – but also on how they envision their organizational identity; that is, the type of institutional profiling they want to pursue.
Metallurgical aspects and electrical resistivity of hardfaced pure copper layers over AISI 347 with cold metal transfer process
Authors: Kannan A Rajesh , Kumar S Mohan , Pramod R , Kumar N Pravin , Prakash K Sanjeevi , Shanmugam N Siva , Vishnukumar M
Published: August 2022

Pure Copper having excellent electrical conductivity was deposited over AISI 347 substrate using Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) process to obtain quality weld overlays without defects. To improve the electrical conductivity post heat-treatment was performed. The microstructural examination revealed the presence of Cu-FCC and Fe-FCC along with retained delta ferrite at the bi-metallic interface. Also, the existence of bi-phasic spherulites rich in Fe and Cr were noticed in the weld overlay side while Cu spherulites were observed in the AISI 347 substrate adjacent to the bi-metallic interface. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) elemental mapping and line scan data confirmed the presence of spherulites due to solid-state diffusion near the interface. The spherulite size was reduced in the heat-treated weld overlays and a small fraction of Cu spherulites were observed in the interface. The microhardness of the as-deposited and heat-treated weld overlays revealed the transition of elements at the bi-metallic interface. Post heat-treatment of Cu weld overlays improved the electrical conductivity significantly in comparison to the as-deposited ones. These electrical measurements suggest that pure Cu weld overlays with sufficient conductivity shall be attained with the CMT process for electrical and power generation applications.
Effect of heat-treatment temperature and borohydride concentration on corrosion behaviour of ENB coating
Authors: Barman Manik , Barman Tapan Kumar , Sahoo Prasanta
Published: August 2022

Electroless Ni-B (ENB) alloy coatings are extensively used due to their good tribological, physical, electrical and mechanical properties. The behaviour of coatings generally depends on the concentration of bath parameters, heat-treatment temperature, as well as heat-treatment duration. The current study was carried out to deposit coatings over steel specimens with various NaBH4 concentrations and heat-treated at various temperatures to study the significance of NaBH4 concentration as well as heat-treatment temperature on corrosion resistance of the Ni-B coatings. Ni-B coatings were heat-treated for an hour at different temperatures for example, 350°C, 450°C and 550°C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) test methods were employed to analyse the corrosion behaviour of the as-deposited as well as heat-treated coatings. The tests were conducted against a corrosive environment consisting of 3.5% NaCl solution. It was observed that the as-deposited coatings with low boron content exhibit a mixture of amorphous and nanocrystalline structures. The same gradually becomes amorphous with the rise in sodium borohydride concentration. The increase in boron content with sodium borohydride concentration in the coating bath led to the transformation of phase structure. This amorphous phase structure of as-deposited coatings further transforms into a crystalline structure upon heat treatment. This crystallinity increases with heat-treatment temperature. The as-deposited coatings show cauliflower-like surface morphology at all concentrations of NaBH4 but the same becomes a coarse-grained structure with clustered aggregates leading to a rough surface. The as-deposited coatings show better corrosion resistance behaviour compared to heat-treated ones, especially at the higher temperature.
Motorcycle simulator subjective and objective validation for low speed maneuvering
Authors: Grottoli Marco , Mulder Max , Happee Riender
Published: August 2022

The use of driving simulators for training and for development of new vehicles is widely spread in the automotive industry. In the last decade, a few motorcycle riding simulators have been developed for similar purposes, with focus on maneuvering at high speed. This article presents the subjective and objective evaluation of a motorcycle riding simulator specifically for low speed longitudinal and lateral maneuvering, between 0 and 10 ms–1. An experiment was conducted with and without platform motion, focusing on three maneuvers: acceleration from standstill, braking to standstill and turning at constant speed. Participants briefly evaluated the fidelity of the simulator after each maneuver and more extensively after each motion condition. Behavioral fidelity was evaluated using experimental data measured on an instrumented motorcycle. Overall, the results show that the participants could reproduce the selected maneuvers without falling or losing balance, reporting a sufficient level of simulator realism. In terms of subjective fidelity, platform motion had a positive effect on simulator presence, significantly increasing the feeling of being involved in the virtual environ0ment. In terms of behavioral fidelity, the comparison between the simulator and experimental results shows good agreement, with a limited positive influence of motion for the braking maneuver, which indicates that for this maneuver the use of motion is beneficial to reproduce the real-life experience and performance.
Modeling and research of a multi-stage parachute system for the booster recovery
Authors: Xing Xiaojun , Feng Lei , Chen Mengping , Han Yichen , Guo Yiming , Chen Xiaoran
Published: August 2022

With the development of the aerospace technology, reducing the cost of exploring space has become the target of most countries. The recovery of rocket boosters is regarded as one of the most effective solutions to this problem. A whole recovery scheme of the drag parachute and controllable parafoil for accurate landing is designed in this paper, in view of the high reliability and low cost of the parachute recovery system. The models of the parachute-payload in the deceleration stage and the parafoil-payload in the gliding stage are established. On the basis of the high-fidelity models, the motion characteristics of the whole recovery process are simulated considering the external disturbances and internal disturbances such as the turbulent wind and angle uncertainty. This work provides the parameter reference for the accurate recovery control of the booster.
Preliminary tribological results of a new total temporary hip joint prosthesis spacer
Authors: González Rivera Carlos Enrique , Hernández Rodríguez Marco Antonio Loudovic , Alvarez-Vera Melvyn , Ramos Morales Tomás , Vilchez Cavazos José Felix , Perez Acosta Osmel , Lorenzo Bonet Ernesto , Ramos de Valle Luis Francisco , Hinojosa Blandon David
Published: August 2022

Temporary antibiotic-loaded cement spacers are widely used for treating chronic periprosthetic hip infections. The aim of this study is to evaluate the short-term tribological performance of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and (60Co) gamma-irradiated cross-linked UHMWPE (XLPE) self-mated systems as frictional pairs for temporary total hip spacers. A three-axial hip joint simulator, FIME II, was used to test the UHMWPE and XLPE self-mated systems under variable load profiles. A fetal bovine serum solution was used as a lubricant. After simulation tests, wear measurements of damaged coupled surfaces were made with a coordinate measuring machine. Finally, surfaces were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nanoindentation tests. The mass loss test results for UHMWPE were 11.91 ± 3.43 mg for the cups and 4.57 ± 0.92 mg for the heads. Whereas, the results for XLPE showed a significant reduction, with mean mass loss values of 6.59 ± 0.14 mg for the cups and 2.82 ± 0.59 mg for the heads, suggesting the viability of the self-mated XLPE contact pair for a temporary total hip spacer.
Mechanical and dynamic responses of unidirectional/woven carbon fiber reinforced thermoset and thermoplastic composites after low velocity impact
Authors: Kayaaslan Melihcan , Coskun Taner , Sahin Omer Sinan , Unlu Ulac M , Kadioglu Ferhat
Published: August 2022

It is highly important to determine how mechanical and dynamic properties of composite materials will change after impact loads considering the coupled effects of composite design parameters. For these reasons, three-point bending and vibration tests have been carried out for the carbon fiber reinforced thermoset and thermoplastic composites with various stacking sequences before and after low velocity impact, and it is expected that these results achieved from the current study will be beneficial for applications where high damping and impact resistance are demanded together. In this context, vibration tests were carried out under free-free boundary conditions, and their natural frequencies, flexural moduli and structural damping were obtained. Furthermore, three-point tests were conducted in the elastic region with 1 mm/min crosshead speed using a universal test machine, and thus flexural moduli of the composite specimens were obtained. The results were validated by comparing the flexural moduli obtained from the both vibration and three-point bending tests, found to be reliable and comparable. As a result of the current study, it was concluded that woven fabric reinforced composite specimens exhibited 50% higher specific damping capacity (SDC) but 70% lower flexural modulus than unidirectional specimens thanks to biaxially fiber alignment. On the other hand, specific damping capacities of the thermoset and thermoplastic composites with different stacking sequences have been examined, and it was observed that thermoset specimens exhibited unexpectedly 192% higher SDC compared to the thermoplastics. This was interpreted as even though thermoplastics are normally expected to exhibit more damping than thermosets, stacking sequence being more effective on damping responses. Apart from that, although there were slight changes in material properties due to degradation in structural integrity after 2 m/s and 3 m/s low-velocity impacts, it was not found to be significantly effective due to the limited damage areas.
Accent Speaks Louder than Ability: Elucidating the Effect of Nonnative Accent on Trust
Authors: Geiger Mingang K. , Langlinais Luke A. , Geiger Mark
Published: August 2022

Nonnative accent often leads to prejudicial judgments. In this paper, we examine the effect of a job candidate’s Mandarin Chinese accent on a hiring manager’s perceptions of trust and the three dimensions of trustworthiness. The results of an online experiment with 179 working adults suggest that speaking with a nonnative accent (vs. no accent) adversely affects hiring decision-makers’ perceptions of trust and the ability dimension of trustworthiness, but not the benevolence and integrity dimensions. We also examined the effects of perspective taking (vs. no perspective taking) on trust and trustworthiness to test its beneficial role in interpersonal evaluations. The findings suggest that perspective taking may significantly mitigate the effect of language-based stigma on people’s judgments, providing evidence-based insights for organizational leaders and HR professionals.
Phytochemical Characterization, Functional Nutrition, and Anti-Diabetic Potentials of Leptadenia hastata (pers) Decne Leaves: In Silico and In Vitro Studies
Authors: Chukwuma Ifeoma Felicia , Nworah Florence Nkechi , Apeh Victor Onukwube , Omeje Kingsley Ozioma , Nweze Ekene John , Asogwa Chukwudi Daniel , Ezeorba Timothy Prince Chidike
Published: August 2022

The geometrical increase in diabetes mellitus (DM) and the undesirable side effects of synthetic drugs have intensified efforts to search for an effective and safe anti-diabetic therapy. This study aimed to identify the antioxidant and anti-diabetic agents in the ethanol extract of Leptadenia hastata (EELH). The phytochemicals, antioxidant vitamins, and minerals present in EELH were determined using standard procedures to achieve this aim. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy and flame ionization detector (GC-MS/GC-FID) was employed to identify bioactive compounds. An e-pharmacophore model was generated from the extra precision, and energy-minimized docked position of standard inhibitor, acarbose onto human pancreatic amylase (HPA, PDB-6OCN). It was used to screen the GC-MS/GC-FID library of compounds. The top-scoring compounds were subjected to glide XP-docking and prime MM-GBSA calculation with the Schrodinger suite-v12.4. The Adsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) prediction of the best-fit compounds was made using SwissADME and PROTOX-II webservers. Further validation of the docking results was performed with the in vitro analysis of the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. EELH contains appreciable amounts of antioxidant and anti-diabetic phytoconstituents. The top-4 scoring compounds (rutin, epicatechin, kaempferol, and naringenin) from the EELH phytochemical library interacted with amino acid residues within and around the HPA active site. The ADMET prediction shows that epicatechin, kaempferol, and naringenin had favorable drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic properties, and a good safety profile. EELH demonstrated good inhibitory actions against α-amylase and α-glucosidase with 1C50 values of 14.14 and 4.22 µg/mL, respectively. Thus, L hastata phytoconstituents are promising novel candidates for developing an anti-diabetic drug.
Differential vulnerability of thalamic nuclei in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Blyau Simon , Koubiyr Ismail , Saranathan Manojkumar , Coupé Pierrick , Deloire Mathilde , Charré-Morin Julie , Saubusse Aurore , Zhang Bei , Rutt Brian , Dousset Vincent , Brochet Bruno , Ruet Aurélie , Tourdias Thomas
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

Investigating differential vulnerability of thalamic nuclei in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods:

In a secondary analysis of prospectively collected datasets, we pooled 136 patients with MS or clinically isolated syndrome and 71 healthy controls all scanned with conventional 3D-T1 and white-matter-nulled magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (WMn-MPRAGE) and tested for cognitive performance. T1-based thalamic segmentation was compared with the reference WMn-MPRAGE method. Volumes of thalamic nuclei were compared according to clinical phenotypes and cognitive profile.

Results:

T1- and WMn-MPRAGE provided comparable segmentations (0.84 ± 0.13 < volume-similarity-index < 0.95 ± 0.03). Medial and posterior thalamic groups were significantly more affected than anterior and lateral groups. Cognitive impairment related to volume loss of the anterior group.

Conclusion:

Thalamic nuclei closest to the third ventricle are more affected, with cognitive consequences.
Worldmaking from the margins: interactions between domestic and international ordering in mid-20th-century India
Authors: Berger Tobias
Published: August 2022

This article investigates the contribution of decolonising states to the nascent international order emerging after the end of World War II. More precisely, it investigates the Indian contribution to the emerging international human rights regime, focussing on two key contributions: the advocacy for a strong supranational authority endowed with substantial enforcement mechanisms for the realisation of human rights and the equally strong defence of a bifurcation of civil-political and socio-economic rights into two treaties. Both contributions have been largely ignored within International Relations – and where they have been acknowledged, they have been subsumed into either narratives of liberal progress (as in the case of human rights enforcement) or Cold War rivalry (as in the case of a separation of the two Human Rights Covenants). In contrast, this paper seeks to shed light on the agency of Indian diplomats and politicians. It shows how their positions were neither simply replications of pre-existing scripts nor bare executions of superpower preferences. Instead, they were responses to the challenges of becoming a post-colonial state in a still overwhelmingly imperial world. Two challenges stood out: the definition of citizenship in light of internal diversity and a widely dispersed diaspora and the challenge of development against the backdrop of highly unequal global economic relations. In this article, I trace the movement of key protagonists between the Constituent Assembly and the United Nations to show how they were engaged in a project of postcolonial worldmaking, which required the simultaneous transformation of domestic and international order.
Grief and mourning in Covid-19 pandemic and delayed business as a new concept
Authors: Erbiçer Eyüp Sabır , Metin Ahmet , Doğan Türkan
Published: August 2022

The measures, restrictions, and death-related rituals in the COVID-19 pandemic have affected the mourning-related routines of individuals. Moreover, mourning processes have been affected by the restriction of death-related cultural rituals, funeral ceremonies performed only by the officials, and the prohibition of visiting graves. This study aims to investigate the experiences of individuals who lost their loved ones in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic. For that purpose, the phenomenological method is employed in the design of the study. Individual interviews were conducted with nine participants who lost their relatives during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected through semi-structured interview forms prepared by the researchers. The study participants described the various factors contributing to the grief and mourning process in the COVID-19 pandemic. These factors were categorized into three following main categories: grief and mourning responses of the individuals lost loved ones, including cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses; risk factors including the expectation of harm, unfinished business, and restriction of death-related religious-cultural rituals; and protective factors including relative support (i.e., family, spouse, friend, partner), tele-support (i.e., mobile phone, internet, social media), positive coping strategies (cognitive, behavioral, and religious-spiritual), and delayed business. The “delayed business” concept was also addressed within protective factors and explained in general terms. Finally, the findings were discussed considering the literature and presented some theoretical and practical implications.
‘Autistic person’ or ‘person with autism’? Person-first language preference in Dutch adults with autism and parents
Authors: Buijsman Riley , Begeer Sander , Scheeren Anke M
Published: August 2022

The language used to refer to autism has been a topic of ongoing debate. Research in English-speaking countries indicated an overall preference for identity-first language (‘autistic person’) among autistic adults rather than person-first language (‘person with autism’). We examined terminology preference in Dutch autistic adults ( n = 1026; 16–84 years; 57% women) and parents of autistic children ( n = 286) via an online survey. A majority of self-reporting adults with autism (68.3%) and parents (82.5%) demonstrated a person-first language preference. A younger age, higher IQ and more autistic traits predicted a relatively stronger identity-first language preference in autistic adults. We conclude that language and culture may impact terminology preference of adults with autism and parents. For now, we advocate to use a mix of person-first language and identity-first language in academic papers to cover the full range of preferences.

Lay abstract

There are different words to describe people with an autism diagnosis. For instance, we can put the person before autism (e.g. ‘person with autism’), or we can put autism before the person (e.g. ‘autistic person’). Previous research showed that autistic adults in English-speaking countries generally liked it better when autism is placed before the person. Yet, people also greatly differ in the words they like and dislike. In this study, we examined word preference in Dutch autistic adults ( n = 1026; 16–84 years; 57% women) and parents of autistic children ( n = 286). Via an online questionnaire, we asked our participants to select one term for autistic people that they liked best. The results showed that most adults with autism (68.3%) and parents (82.5%) preferred to put the person before autism. Younger adults, with a higher intelligence, and with more autistic traits, were a bit more likely to put autism before the person. We conclude that there are large differences in the words that people prefer. Because we found different results in our Dutch participants compared to participants in English-speaking countries, we think that the Dutch language or culture may also play a role in word preference. For now, we advise autism researchers to use both person-first and autism-first language.
How Are Women Faring in the Bangladeshi Labour Market? Evidence from Labour Force Survey Data
Authors: Bidisha Sayema Haque , Faruk Avinno , Mahmood Tanveer
Published: August 2022

In Bangladesh, despite increased participation in the labour market in recent decades, women are still lagging behind men by a significant margin, with the former being concentrated chiefly in low-paid agriculture as well as in the lower stages of the occupational ladder. With the help of the latest labour market data of 2016–2017 coupled with 2011 census data, this article attempts to examine gender segregation through sectoral and occupational lenses. Our econometric estimation of different sectors (agriculture, manufacturing, construction and service) reflects the importance of gender-centric factors such as care burden and marital status along with local employment opportunities in constraining women’s labour market engagement. Besides, decomposition analysis highlights that unfavourable returns to endowments play a crucial role in females’ concentration in relatively low-productive sectors. Sectoral and occupational segregation indices reflect a high degree of segregation between men and women. Thus, against the backdrop of the concentration of women in low-skilled jobs and a low-productive sector, this article expects to provide important policy insights for boosting female employment in relatively high-productive sectors and high-paid occupations while utilizing the structural shift in the labour market of Bangladesh.

JEL Classifications: J16, J21, J71, J62, C25, O53
Gambling policy positions of Finnish newspapers between 2004 and 2020: An automated content analysis
Authors: Selin Jani , Nyrhinen Riku
Published: August 2022

Aims: The media can influence gambling policy formation and public opinion. Previous research has established that the tension between political or public interest in gambling revenue and gambling harm is fundamental for understanding gambling policy. There are two opposing gambling policy positions: (1) gambling revenue or the economic benefits of gambling, and (2) the harmful impacts of gambling. This study is the first study to estimate these gambling policy positions of newspapers on a common scale. The objective is to estimate how the gambling policy positions of major Finnish daily newspapers evolved between 2004 and 2020. This knowledge deepens our understanding about the changes in the relative balance between harm and revenue in gambling policy. Methods and data: The data consisted of newspaper editorials ( N = 58) on gambling policy from five major Finnish daily newspapers between 2004 and 2020. The data were analysed with the automated content analysis algorithm Wordfish. Results: The results show that there has been a clear shift in the gambling policy positions of the major Finnish newspapers towards increased acknowledgement of the importance of prevention and reduction of gambling harm. Conclusions: Due to the interplay between the media, politics, and the public, it is likely that the importance of prevention and reduction of gambling harm will be recognised and addressed to a larger extent when gambling policy is formulated in Finland in the future. More generally, if the gambling policy positions of media and other stakeholders change, this can facilitate a promotion of harm prevention policies.
On the surprising queerness of norms: Anthropology with Canguilhem, Foucault, and Butler
Authors: Hendriks Thomas
Published: August 2022

“Norms” seem like a handy concept in the anthropological toolkit for describing, analyzing, and understanding ethnographic data. But contemporary anthropology rarely investigates the concept of the norm itself. This article critically examines norms as analytical constructs and argues for a more precise vocabulary that differentiates between related terms, such as “normality,” “normativity,” or “normalization,” that circulate loosely in anthropological discourse. To do so, it draws from Georges Canguilhem, Michel Foucault, and Judith Butler to show the affordances and pitfalls of their analytics for anthropologists. It particularly reveals the value of Canguilhemian understandings of normativity to keep us alive to the surprising queerness of norms in action.
Mainstreaming Climate Change into Emerging Donor’s Official Development Assistance: The Case of South Korea
Authors: Kim Kisang , Choi Esther S. , Chung Suh-Yong
Published: August 2022

This article assesses how South Korea, an emerging donor, is mainstreaming climate change considerations into its official development assistance (ODA) activities. We find that Korea’s climate mainstreaming remains in the incipient stage, with a lack of consistent political commitment at the macro level, misalignment with the recipient’s development plans at the meso level and insufficient institutional capacity at the micro level. In addition to the governance systems that fall short of incentivizing the mainstreaming of climate change, this research identifies a number of characteristics accounting for Korea’s progress with climate mainstreaming that may be unique to emerging donors, like under-reporting of climate ODA and the absence of mainstreaming fatigue.
30 s sit-to-stand power is positively associated with chest muscle thickness in COVID-19 survivors
Authors: Núñez-Cortés Rodrigo , Cruz-Montecinos Carlos , Martinez-Arnau Francisco , Torres-Castro Rodrigo , Zamora-Risco Esteban , Pérez-Alenda Sofía , Andersen Lars L. , Calatayud Joaquín , Arana Estanislao
Published: August 2022

Introduction

After hospitalization, early detection of musculoskeletal sequelae might help healthcare professionals to improve and individualize treatment, accelerating recovery after COVID-19. The objective was to determine the association between the 30s sit-to-stand muscle power (30s-STS) and cross-sectional area of the chest muscles (pectoralis) in COVID-19 survivors.

Method

This cross-sectional study collected routine data from COVID-19 survivors one month after hospitalization: 1) a chest computed tomography (CT) scan and 2) a functional capacity test (30s-STS). The pectoralis muscle area (PMA) was measured from axial CT images. For each gender, patients were categorized into tertiles based on PMA. The 30s-STS was performed to determine the leg extension power. The allometric and relative STS power were calculated as absolute 30s-STS power normalized to height squared and body mass. The two-way ANOVA was used to compare the gender-stratified tertiles of 30s-STS power variants.

Results

Fifty-eight COVID-19 survivors were included (mean age 61.2 ± 12.9 years, 30/28 (51.7%/48.3%) men/women). The two-way ANOVA showed significant differences between the PMA tertiles in absolute STS power ( p = .002) and allometric STS power ( p = .001). There were no significant gender x PMA tertile interactions (all variables p > .05). The high tertile of PMA showed a higher allometric STS power compared to the low and middle tertile, p = .002 and p = .004, respectively. Absolute STS power and allometric STS power had a moderate correlation with the PMA, r = 0.519 ( p < .001) and r = 0.458 ( p < .001) respectively.

Conclusion

The 30s-STS power is associated with pectoralis muscle thickness in both male and female COVID-19 survivors. Thus, this test may indicate global muscle-wasting and may be used as a screening tool for lower extremity functional capacity in the early stages of rehabilitation planning in COVID-19 survivors.
Dueling Incumbent House Elections, 1843-2018
Authors: Ashton H. Benjamin , Crespin Michael H. , McKee Seth C.
Published: August 2022

Throughout American history some members of Congress are beset with the unfortunate predicament of facing a fellow incumbent in their bids for reelection. One culprit is responsible for these atypical contests: redistricting. Using district and sub-district level data, this research note provides the first systematic coverage of all dueling incumbent general election U.S. House races from 1843 to 2018. We chronicle and analyze when we expect to see dueling incumbent races, the ability of parties to target out-party incumbents, and the electoral value of previously represented constituents for incumbents in reconfigured districts. Although incumbent duels are uncommon, they comprise a substantial number of incumbent general election defeats in contests following redistricting.
Positionality: The Interplay of Space, Context and Identity
Authors: Bayeck Rebecca Y.
Published: August 2022

This article considers the way in which positionality shifts and is formed during a cross-cultural study to reveal the complexity of the insider-outsider status. As a researcher in a male-dominated game setting, I reflect on the research process and my interactions with participants to show the interplay of space, context, and identity in shaping a researcher’s status. I discuss the process of gaining access to the research site and participants, and data collection in relation to space, context, and identity. The interaction of my identities with space, and context informed my status at various moments. This interplay constructs a complex status of an “in-out-sider”. These findings prepare researchers to pay close attention to the role space, context, and identity play in shaping their positionality. This study serves as a welcome addition to the emerging literature on positionality, and to the situatedness of a researcher status.
Culture wars in Brazil: The far-right and their failure to protect cultural heritage
Authors: Kerr John
Published: August 2022

Far-right politicians in Brazil are attacking and censoring cultural heritage and enacting policies that go far beyond cultural heritage. These politicians are also dismantling the structural frameworks that protect, secure, encourage and enable cultural heritage at a time when it is experiencing serious and systematic crime threats. This is despite legal obligations in the Brazilian Constitution to protect it. In addition, these politicians are missing opportunities in the sector from which they could benefit hugely, as could the Brazilian population and the cultural heritage. Instead of waging ‘culture wars’, politicising security, and failing to adequately protect cultural heritage, a viable alternative is to govern the cultural economy.
HIV/AIDS risk-reduction options as predictor of female sex workers’ sexual behaviour
Authors: Lake Yimer Beneyam
Published: August 2022

Background:

Sex workers are highly vulnerable to HIV infection and suitable transmission groups in the scope of the HIV epidemic. The study investigated the association among HIV/AIDS risk-reduction options as predictors of female sex workers’ behaviour.

Methods:

The study used a cross-sectional research design. The quantitative survey involved 140 women, who were selected using simple random sampling techniques.

Results:

The findings of the study show that looking for a job, disagreement in the family, death of parents, peer pressure, and attraction of town life were indicated as major pulling and pushing factors for sex worker engagement. The majority of respondents is aware of HIV/AIDS and practice HIV/AIDS risk-reduction options.

Conclusion:

Age, alcohol use, difficult to negotiate with clients to use condoms, and disapproval of clients to use condoms were significant predictors of consistent condom-using behaviours of female sex workers. This study recommended that life skills training and existing strategies enable sex workers to develop skills that help them resist the pressures that come from their clients.
A philosophical approach to aligning strength and conditioning support to a coaches' performance model: A case study from a national rowing performance programme
Authors: Rawlley-Singh Ishan , Wolf Alex
Published: August 2022

Coaches within the same sport often have varying methods to achieve performance outcomes, and, therefore, it is crucial to understand their performance model to maximise the impact of strength and conditioning (S&C) support. Having a deliberate approach for understanding the demands of a sport from a sports coach's lens and aligning S&C support to the coaches' performance model rather than utilising a generic needs analysis to guide S&C support is vital to provide impactful S&C support. The multi-disciplinary team (MDT) may also play a pivotal role in providing insight into various aspects of performance beyond a generic needs analysis. It is to the S&C coaches' advantage to utilise the expertise of the MDT. Finally, the S&C coach must develop a technical framework that consists of avenues of impact or objectives for S&C support and demonstrates how biomotor qualities developed within the S&C programme may support determinants of performance and technical models for key sporting actions, in line with the coaches' performance principles. The current paper aims to utilise the authors' experience of working with the head coach of two national rowing performance programmes over the last three Olympic cycles, with specific reference to the preparation for the 2020 Tokyo Olympic games to articulate a philosophical approach for aligning S&C support to a coach's performance model.
Professional padel: Comparative gender analysis of game transitions during matches
Authors: Sánchez-Alcaraz Bernardino , Sánchez-Pay Alejandro , Hernández Adrián , Martínez-Gallego Rafa , Crespo Miguel , Ramón-Llin Jesús
Published: August 2022

Transitions, or movements in which players move from attacking to defending situations or vice versa, are key situations in high-performance competitive padel, and therefore, they should be specifically trained. The aim of this study was to analyse the transitions made by players from the back of the court to the net in professional padel and compare them by gender. A total of 1350 points from 14 matches from the 2020 World Padel Tour were analysed, in which 32 professional players (16 men and 16 women) participated. The matches were analysed through systematic observation, using the Lince and Kinovea programmes. Results showed that one or no transitions were made in more than 50% of the points. The first transition was made between fifth and sixth shots of the rally, with a higher percentage of points with more than three transitions in women's matches than in men's matches. Counter-attack transitions were done mainly by the serving partner, most frequently using the lob. The most effective counter-attacks were those in which both players approached the net and both defenders moved to the backcourt, with the women teams obtaining the best results in this type of movement as compared to men. On the other hand, men lost the net less often than women. It is concluded that the results can provide useful guidelines for coaches when prescribing and conducting specific training sessions and individualised match preparation strategies.
Acceptance reliability sampling plan for items from heterogeneous populations
Authors: Cha Ji Hwan , Finkelstein Maxim
Published: August 2022

Existing reliability sampling plans reported in the literature assume that the items belong to homogeneous populations. However, at many practical instances, a population of the manufactured items is a mixed one. In this paper, we consider the case when a population consists of items that belong to two subpopulations, that is, the subpopulation with better reliability characteristics and that with worse reliability characteristics. Thus, a variables acceptance reliability sampling plan is proposed and its properties are investigated under this assumption. A sequential numerical algorithm for finding the parameters of the proposed sampling plan is developed and applied. Furthermore, the lifetime of the population before the acceptance test and that of the population which have passed the sampling test are stochastically compared.