bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing antitumor efficacy of CLDN18.2-directed antibody-drug conjugates through autophagy inhibition in gastric cancer
Authors: Xue Wenjing , Xu Caili , Zhang Kaiqi , Cui Lu , Huang Xiting , Nan Yanyang , Ju Dianwen , Chang Xusheng , Zhang Xuyao
Published: September 2024

Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) is overexpressed in cancers of the digestive system, rendering it an ideal drug target for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Despite many CLDN18.2-directed ADCs undergoing clinical trials, the inconclusive underlying mechanisms pose a hurdle to extending the utility of these agents. In our study, αCLDN18.2-MMAE, an ADC composed of an anti-CLDN18.2 monoclonal antibody and the tubulin inhibitor MMAE, induced a dose-dependent apoptosis via the cleavage of caspase-9/PARP proteins in CLDN18.2-positive gastric cancer cells. It was worth noting that autophagy was remarkably activated during the αCLDN18.2-MMAE treatment, which was characterized by the accumulation of autophagosomes, the conversion of autophagy marker LC3 from its form I to II, and the complete autophagic flux. Inhibiting autophagy by autophagy inhibitor LY294002 remarkably enhanced αCLDN18.2-MMAE-induced cytotoxicity and caspase-mediated apoptosis, indicating the cytoprotective role of autophagy in CLDN18.2-directed ADC-treated gastric cancer cells. Combination with an autophagy inhibitor significantly potentiated the in vivo antitumoral efficacy of αCLDN18.2-MMAE. Besides, the Akt/mTOR pathway inactivation was demonstrated to be implicated in the autophagy initiation in αCLDN18.2-MMAE-treated gastric cancer cells. In conclusion, our study highlighted a groundbreaking investigation into the mechanism of the CLDN18.2-directed ADC, focusing on the crucial role of autophagy, providing a novel insight to treat gastric cancer by the combination of CLDN18.2-directed ADC and autophagy inhibitor.
Child temperament and early childhood caries: is there a link?
Authors: Kennedy Joshua , Taylor Greig
Published: September 2024

Data sources

A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science, and EBSCO) up to January 2023.

Study selection

Any case-control, cohort, or cross-sectional study which assessed child temperament and early childhood caries (ECC) in children aged six years or younger were included. Literature reviews, studies with insufficient data, non-English publications, and those focusing on older children or adults were excluded.

Data extraction and synthesis

Data extraction was conducted independently by two authors, with a third author resolving any disagreements. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa assessment scale (case-control and cohort studies) and the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (cross-sectional studies). The quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Statistical analysis to evaluate heterogeneity included the chi-square test and the I-square index.

Results

A total 5072 studies resulted in the inclusion of 15 studies, encompassing data from 6,667 participants. Seven studies were of high quality and eight, moderate. Meta-analyses of seven studies revealed a significant association between certain temperament traits (e.g., higher levels of emotionality and lower levels of sociability) and ECC. In particular, difficult temperament was associated with ECC (OR 2.63 95%CI: 1.37–5.04)

Conclusions

The study concluded that child temperament is a significant factor in the risk of developing ECC. Specifically, children with higher emotionality and lower sociability are at greater risk. Interventions targeting child temperament through child behaviour and parental management strategies may be effective in reducing ECC.
Individual bacterial cells can use spatial sensing of chemical gradients to direct chemotaxis on surfaces
Authors: Wheeler James H. R. , Foster Kevin R. , Durham William M.
Published: September 2024

Swimming bacteria navigate chemical gradients using temporal sensing to detect changes in concentration over time. Here we show that surface-attached bacteria use a fundamentally different mode of sensing during chemotaxis. We combined microfluidic experiments, massively parallel cell tracking and fluorescent reporters to study how Pseudomonas aeruginosa senses chemical gradients during pili-based ‘twitching’ chemotaxis on surfaces. Unlike swimming cells, we found that temporal changes in concentration did not induce motility changes in twitching cells. We then quantified the chemotactic behaviour of stationary cells by following changes in the sub-cellular localization of fluorescent proteins as cells are exposed to a gradient that alternates direction. These experiments revealed that P. aeruginosa cells can directly sense differences in concentration across the lengths of their bodies, even in the presence of strong temporal fluctuations. Our work thus overturns the widely held notion that bacterial cells are too small to directly sense chemical gradients in space.
Analysis of bigmouth buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus spawning phenology in Minnesota reveals 50-year recruitment failure and conservation concern
Authors: Lackmann Alec R. , Seybold Sam , Bielak-Lackmann Ewelina S. , Ford Walt , Butler Malcolm G. , Clark Mark E.
Published: September 2024

The bigmouth buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus (Catostomidae) is a freshwater fish native to North America that is known for its longevity. During the 1970s, the bigmouth buffalo was recorded as declining in Canada, Minnesota, and North Dakota and became a protected species in Canada. In the USA, population declines are exacerbated by wasteful recreational bowfishing, lack of fisheries management, and overall lack of knowledge. However, recent studies have revealed the exceptional lifespan of bigmouth buffalo, their negligible senescence, slow growth, delayed maturity, and episodic recruitment. Yet little is known about the spawning phenology of bigmouth buffalo, nor their age demographics in east central Minnesota. In this 2021–2023 study of bigmouth buffalo from Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge we found that 99.7% (389 of 390) of the extant population hatched prior to 1972 despite annual spawning in Rice Lake. Moreover, recruitment success declined significantly since water control measures were established (1953). We found males arrive to spawning grounds with females but depart later, that both the midpoint and duration of spawn significantly vary across years, and that more massive females of the same age range invest disproportionately more in ovaries. Extensive post-spawn seining revealed bigmouth buffalo young-of-the-year in low numbers, but by mid-to-late summer they were no longer evident having likely succumbed to predation. Overall, these findings thoroughly reveal one of the oldest populations of vertebrate currently known (median age of 79 years as of 2024) and expose the stark vulnerability of a bigmouth buffalo population for which substantial recruitment has not occurred for more than six decades. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that the long-lived bigmouth buffalo is vulnerable, that a precautionary approach is immediately needed, and that the unlimited and unregulated kill-fishery be closed.
Ultrasound and x-ray imageable poloxamer-based hydrogel for loco-regional therapy delivery in the liver
Authors: Delgado Jose F. , Owen Joshua W. , Pritchard William F. , Varble Nicole A. , Lopez-Silva Tania L. , Mikhail Andrew S. , Arrichiello Antonio , Ray Trisha , Morhard Robert , Borde Tabea , Saccenti Laetitia , Xu Sheng , Rivera Jocelyne , Schneider Joel P. , Karanian John W. , Wood Bradford J.
Published: September 2024

Intratumoral injections have the potential for enhanced cancer treatment efficacy while reducing costs and systemic exposure. However, intratumoral drug injections can result in substantial off-target leakage and are invisible under standard imaging modalities like ultrasound (US) and x-ray. A thermosensitive poloxamer-based gel for drug delivery was developed that is visible using x-ray imaging (computed tomography (CT), cone beam CT, fluoroscopy), as well as using US by means of integrating perfluorobutane-filled microbubbles (MBs). MBs content was optimized using tissue mimicking phantoms and ex vivo bovine livers. Gel formulations less than 1% MBs provided gel depositions that were clearly identifiable on US and distinguishable from tissue background and with minimal acoustic artifacts. The cross-sectional areas of gel depositions obtained with US and CT imaging were similar in studies using ex vivo bovine liver and postmortem in situ swine liver. The gel formulation enhanced multimodal image-guided navigation, enabling fusion of ultrasound and x-ray/CT imaging, which may enhance targeting, definition of spatial delivery, and overlap of tumor and gel. Although speculative, such a paradigm for intratumoral drug delivery might streamline clinical workflows, reduce radiation exposure by reliance on US, and boost the precision and accuracy of drug delivery targeting during procedures. Imageable gels may also provide enhanced temporal and spatial control of intratumoral conformal drug delivery.
Suppression of PTBP1 in hippocampal astrocytes promotes neurogenesis and ameliorates recognition memory in mice with cerebral ischemia
Authors: Fukui Yusuke , Morihara Ryuta , Hu Xinran , Nakano Yumiko , Yunoki Taijun , Takemoto Mami , Abe Koji , Yamashita Toru
Published: September 2024

The therapeutic potential of suppressing polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (Ptbp1) messenger RNA by viral transduction in a post-stroke dementia mouse model has not yet been examined. In this study, 3 days after cerebral ischemia, we injected a viral vector cocktail containing adeno-associated virus (AAV)-pGFAP-mCherry and AAV-pGFAP-CasRx (control vector) or a cocktail of AAV-pGFAP-mCherry and AAV-pGFAP-CasRx-SgRNA-(Ptbp1) (1:5, 1.0 × 1011 viral genomes) into post-stroke mice via the tail vein. We observed new mCherry/NeuN double-positive neuron-like cells in the hippocampus 56 days after cerebral ischemia. A portion of mCherry/GFAP double-positive astrocyte-like glia could have been converted into new mCherry/NeuN double-positive neuron-like cells with morphological changes. The new neuronal cells integrated into the dentate gyrus and recognition memory was significantly ameliorated. These results demonstrated that the in vivo conversion of hippocampal astrocyte-like glia into functional new neurons by the suppression of Ptbp1 might be a therapeutic strategy for post-stroke dementia.
Valorisation of tomato pomace in anti-pollution and microbiome-balance face cream
Authors: Rajkowska Katarzyna , Otlewska Anna , Raczyk Aleksandra , Maciejczyk Ewa , Krajewska Agnieszka
Published: September 2024

Tomato pomace, the main by-product of tomato processing, is also an underestimated source of many active substances. This study aimed to determine the possibility of using oil obtained from tomato pomace in a face cream formulation. The bacterial community structure, face skin biophysical parameters and protection against air pollution were examined after daily application of the cosmetic by volunteers. In the tomato pomace oil, the profile of fatty acids was determined by GC‒MS, and the profile of volatile compounds was determined using the HS-SPME technique. The dominant bioactive component in the oil was linoleic acid (63.6%), and among the volatile compounds, it was carvotanacetone (25.8%). The application of the cream with tomato pomace oil resulted in an increase in the dominant genera Staphylococcus, Anaerococcus and Cutibacterium in the epibiome, particularly beneficial Staphylococcus epidermidis, while limiting the growth of the potentially opportunistic pathogens Kocuria spp., Micrococcus spp., Veillonella spp., and Rothia spp. This study showed the usefulness of tomato pomace oil as a natural ingredient in skin care cosmetics, reducing skin inflammation, sensitivity and melanin level, with potential protective effects against air pollution and microbiome-balance properties. Tomato pomace, which is commonly considered waste after tomato processing, can be used in the development of new cosmetics and may additionally contribute to reducing environmental nuisance.
Deep learning assisted quantitative detection of cardiac troponin I in hierarchical dendritic copper–nickel nanostructure lateral flow immunoassay
Authors: Zhang Shenglan , Chen Liqiang , Tan YuXin , Wu Shaojie , Guo Pengxin , Jiang Xincheng , Pan Hongcheng
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a deep learning-based method using an improved UNet++ network with attention and residual modules to enhance quantitative detection accuracy in HD-nanoMetal LFIA sensor images.
A ‘click’ based fluorescent probe mimicking the IMPLICATION logic gate for Cu(ii) and Pb(ii) sensing: DFT and molecular docking studies
Authors: Singh Gurleen , Singh Gurjaspreet , Sushma  , Kaur Gagandeep , Kaur Gurpreet , Singh Harminder , Singh Jandeep
Published: September 2024

‘Click’ derived 1,2,3-triazole scaffold with glyoxal bis-(2-hydroxyanil) probe (GT) for selective Cu(ii) and Pb(ii) ions detection by fluorescence and UV-vis spectroscopic studies.
Fluorescence anisotropic probe for sensing cardiac troponin-I antigen through target-specific antibody-conjugated gold nanoclusters
Authors: Madanan Anju S. , Varghese Susan , Abraham Merin K. , Shkhair Ali Ibrahim , Rajeevan Greeshma , Indongo Geneva , Arathy B. K. , George Sony
Published: September 2024

The schematic representation of the molecular interaction enables fluorescence anisotropic detection of cTnI antigen.
Preparation of a new composite based on multilayer fullerene with mesoporous carbon nitride and its application in the extraction of tacrolimus and everolimus from plasma prior to LC-MS/MS analysis
Authors: Honarnezhad Rana , Afshar Mogaddam Mohammad Reza , Marzi Khosrowshahi Elnaz , Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Nemati Mahboob
Published: September 2024

A dispersive solid phase extraction method was developed using multilayer fullerene with mesoporous carbon nitride compounds.
Biosynthesis of multifunctional transformable peptides for downregulation of PD-L1
Authors: Di Yufei , Yang Zhiwen , Song Gang , Shen Qi , Bai Haotian , Huang Yiming , Lv Fengting , Wang Shu
Published: September 2024

A biosynthesized material could realize morphological transformation from globular to fibrous for exposing GO203 peptides, and bind to mucin 1 for immune checkpoint blocking therapy.
GalNAc-modified FeS nanoparticles for specific chemodynamic and gas therapy against orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Yanhua , Song Yingying , Yin Jiaqi , Pan Wei , Li Na , Tang Bo
Published: September 2024

GalNAc-modified ferrous sulfide nanoparticles have been developed to take full advantage of the tumor microenvironment to conduct chemodynamic and gas therapy for fighting against orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma.
Structures of Th4+ aqueous solutions: insights from AIMD and metadynamics simulations
Authors: He Yang , Lu Jun-Bo , Zhang Yang-Yang , Hu Han-Shi , Li Jun
Published: September 2024

Structures of Th4+ aqueous solutions are elucidated by AIMD and metadynamics simulations.
Chemical magnetism – surface force to move motors
Authors: Kichatov Boris , Korshunov Alexey , Sudakov Vladimir
Published: September 2024

The existence of a surface magnetic force is due to the appearance of a current loop at the interface.
Structure and catalytic activity of ultra-high-entropy rare-earth orthoferrite (UHE REO) towards thermal hydrogen oxidation
Authors: Manh Long Bui , Cam Thanh Son , Omarov Shamil O. , Lebedev Lev A. , Seroglazova Anna S. , Stovpiaga Ekaterina Yu. , Gerasimov Evgeny Yu. , Popkov Vadim I.
Published: September 2024

Different ∑REFeO3 catalysts (RE = 16 rare-earth elements) obtained from solution combustion synthesis at different red/Ox ratios with ultra-high entropy can be effectively applied for catalytic hydrogen oxidation, with H2 conversion ∼86% at 500 °C.
A critical review of nitrate reduction by nano zero-valent iron-based composites for enhancing N2 selectivity
Authors: Pei Yanyan , Chen Junlan , Cheng Wei , Huang Wenzhong , Liu Renyu , Jiang Zhuwu
Published: September 2024

Due to the highly reductive capacity of nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) nanoparticles, the reduction of nitrate (NO3−-N) is prone to produce ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) as a by-product and has low selectivity for nitrogen gas (N2).
Solution mediated halide exchange engineering for the fabrication of a thick CsPbCl3 film and its application in photovoltaics with outstanding performance
Authors: Cao Xiaobing , Zhou Jian , Su Gengyang , Song Weidong , Liu Zijin , Wei Jinquan
Published: September 2024

A CsPbCl3 film and its carbon based HTL-free solar cell are prepared from CsPbBr3via halide exchange engineering.
Recent advances in the remote catalytic functionalisation of ferrocenes
Authors: Erb William
Published: September 2024

Recent advances in catalytic C–H bond activation remote from a substituent, capable of readily producing 1,3-disubstituted ferrocene derivatives, are discussed.
Effect of sulfur dioxide impurities on the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide over Cu-based bimetal catalysts
Authors: Wang Zhen , Xiong Bo , Yang Yingju , Liu Jing , Chen Man
Published: September 2024

SO2 has a significant effect on the generation of CO by CO2 electrocatalytic reaction.
A review of various dimensional superwetting materials for oil–water separation
Authors: Pi Peng , Ren Zhiying , Yang Yu , Chen Weiping , Lin Youxi
Published: September 2024

Preparation methods of superwetting materials in different structural dimensions.
A controllable interlayer shielding effect in twisted multilayer graphene quantum dots
Authors: Wang Xian , Lu Yunpeng
Published: September 2024

Effect of stacking layers, disc size, twist angle and vertical electric field on the shielding and CT effects of twisted multilayer graphene quantum dots.
A fast and simple procedure for the synthesis of a zinc and 1,4-benzene dicarboxylic acid metal–organic framework and its evaluation as a sorbent for dispersive micro solid phase extraction of pesticide residues
Authors: Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Rahimzadeh Sakineh , Afshar Mogaddam Mohammad Reza , Bakhshizadeh Aghdam Mehri
Published: September 2024

In this work, Zn-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate metal–organic framework was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process and used in dispersive micro solid phase extraction of some pesticide from various fruit juice and water samples.
α-Terpineol loaded, electron beam crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol/tapioca starch hydrogel sheets; fabrication, characterization and evaluation of wound healing potential on a full thickness acid burn wound
Authors: Khalid Maria , Jameel Fatima , Jabri Tooba , Jabbar Abdul , Salim Asmat , Khan Irfan , Shah Muhammad Raza
Published: September 2024

α-Terpineol loaded, electron beam crosslinked PVA/tapioca pearl starch hydrogel sheets utilised for the healing of a full thickness acid burn wound.
TpBD/UiO-66-NH2 micro–mesoporous hybrid material as a stationary phase for open tubular capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Gao Lidi , Qu Xinran , Meng Shuang , Chen Mo , He Yuxin , Zhao Fuquan , Chu Hongtao , Qin Shili , Jin Fenglong
Published: September 2024

The excellent stability of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and the diversity of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) make MOF/COF hybrid materials promising candidates for chromatographic stationary phases.
2H-Thiazolo[4,5-d][1,2,3]triazole: synthesis, functionalization, and application in scaffold-hopping
Authors: Miyazaki Ryuya , Takada Fumito , Kikuchi Takunari , Oguro Yuya , Kamata Makoto , Yukawa Takafumi , Kato Kenta , Muto Kei , Yamaguchi Junichiro
Published: September 2024

We have developed 2H-thiazolo[4,5-d][1,2,3]triazole (ThTz), an unprecedented [5-5]-fused heteroaromatic system for medicinal chemistry. C5-sulfonylated ThTz has been commercialized through Tokyo Chemical Industry Ltd (TCI: catalogue number M3881).
Accelerating acidic CO2 electroreduction: strategies beyond catalysts
Authors: Deng Bangwei , Sun Daming , Zhao Xueyang , Wang Lili , Ma Feiyu , Li Yizhao , Dong Fan
Published: September 2024

This review emphasizes the fundamentals of the CO2RR in neutral, alkaline, and acidic electrolytes and thoroughly discusses current challenges and strategies for acidic CO2RR beyond the catalyst itself.
Self-assembly of the imidazolium surfactant in aprotic ionic liquids. The anion effect of aprotic ionic liquids
Authors: Pan Yue , Zhao Chunhua , Wang Ruirui , Zhu Mingjie , Zhuang Wenchang , Li Qintang
Published: September 2024

The anions of aprotic ionic liquids have a great influence on the structure and properties of the aggregates.
Motile bacteria crossing liquid–liquid interfaces of an aqueous isotropic–nematic coexistence phase
Authors: Cheon Jiyong , Son Joowang , Lim Sungbin , Jeong Yundon , Park Jung-Hoon , Mitchell Robert J. , Kim Jaeup U. , Jeong Joonwoo
Published: September 2024

We investigate how bacteria interact with a liquid–liquid interface, revealing the significance of interfacial tension in bacteria's crossing behavior.
Boosting steam tolerance and electrochemical performance of an La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ-based air electrode for protonic ceramic electrochemical cells
Authors: Wu Lei , Sun Jiqiang , Qi Huiying , Tu Baofeng , Xiong Chunyan , Chen Fanglin , Qiu Peng
Published: September 2024

A PCO catalyst was coated onto an LSCF scaffold to enhance the steam tolerance of the air electrode in a high-humidity environment.
Hydrogen-bond chemistry inhibits Jahn–Teller distortion caused by Mn 3d orbitals for long-lifespan aqueous Zn//MnO2 batteries
Authors: Xu Ziming , Wang Jiwei , Zhang Wenyuan , Shi Zhichen , Feng Yongbao , Liu Chenglong , Fu Huili , Yong Zhenzhong , Li Qiulong
Published: September 2024

By introducing NH4+, hydrogen-bond-modulated MnO2 nanoflowers inhibit the stretching of the [MnO6] octahedra along the z axis, reduce the occurrence of Jahn–Teller distortion, and achieve long-lifespan aqueous Zn//MnO2 batteries.
Maximizing the number of Rh0–Rh+ sites through metal dispersion control for the synthesis of higher alcohols from syngas
Authors: Wang Ruyang , Cao Heng , Ma Peiyu , Bao Jun
Published: September 2024

The ratio of Rh+ to Rh0 is regulated by the dispersion of Rh. An appropriate ratio maximizes the number of Rh0–Rh+ sites, resulting in the highest selectivity for higher alcohols.
Axial coordination-assisted interwoven isomerism in 3D hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks for efficient natural gas purification
Authors: Park Hyunjun , Oh Kwang Hyun , Lee Jae Hwa , Kim Younghun , Lee Jeong Heon , Moon Hoi Ri , Bae Youn-Sang , Jang Woo-Dong
Published: September 2024

Axial coordination caused interwoven isomerism of porphyrin-based 3D hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks. The axial coordination-assisted pore volume expansion enabled efficient gas separation of gaseous hydrocarbons.
A novel TICT-based molecular rotor: synthesis, crystal structure and application in high resolution imaging of sweat pores
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Sran Balkaran Singh , Gahalot Dharmendra , Mishra Prakash Chandra , Singh Prabhpreet
Published: September 2024

We report the synthesis and crystal structure of a naphthalimide–methoxyquinoline (NI–HQ) based molecular rotor for visualizing sweat pores without the degradation of dsDNA present in sweat.
Confined deep red light-detecting organic phototransistors with polymer gate-sensing layers consisting of indacenothiophene and dinitrobenzothiadiazole units
Authors: Park Chanbin , Kim Taehoon , Kim Hwajeong , Kim Youngkyoo
Published: September 2024

A newly synthesized PIDTT–DNBT polymer acts as an efficient gate-sensing layer (GSL) in organic phototransistors that can detect a confined deep red light in the presence of a visible light-cut layer (VLCL).
Multiscale synergetic bandgap/structure engineering for the construction of full-spectrum-responsive heterostructured MoS2/SnS2 photocatalyst
Authors: Zhao Wenjie , Liu Jinyan , Hou Weiye , Zhang Zhe , Chen Xinrui , Zeng Xianghua , Xia Weiwei
Published: September 2024

A 2D-MoS2/2D-SnS2 photocatalyst with a van der Waals (vdW) heterojunction has been prepared in this work by the self-assembly of MoS2 nanosheets on the SnS2 microflake surface.
Biocultural diversity and crop improvement
Authors: Gepts Paul
Published: September 2024

Biocultural diversity is the ever-evolving and irreplaceable sum total of all living organisms inhabiting the Earth. It plays a significant role in sustainable productivity and ecosystem services that benefit humanity and is closely allied with human cultural diversity. Despite its essentiality, biodiversity is seriously threatened by the insatiable and inequitable human exploitation of the Earth's resources. One of the benefits of biodiversity is its utilization in crop improvement, including cropping improvement (agronomic cultivation practices) and genetic improvement (plant breeding). Crop improvement has tended to decrease agricultural biodiversity since the origins of agriculture, but awareness of this situation can reverse this negative trend. Cropping improvement can strive to use more diverse cultivars and a broader complement of crops on farms and in landscapes. It can also focus on underutilized crops, including legumes. Genetic improvement can access a broader range of biodiversity sources and, with the assistance of modern breeding tools like genomics, can facilitate the introduction of additional characteristics that improve yield, mitigate environmental stresses, and restore, at least partially, lost crop biodiversity. The current legal framework covering biodiversity includes national intellectual property and international treaty instruments, which have tended to limit access and innovation to biodiversity. A global system of access and benefit sharing, encompassing digital sequence information, would benefit humanity but remains an elusive goal. The Kunming-Montréal Global Biodiversity Framework sets forth an ambitious set of targets and goals to be accomplished by 2030 and 2050, respectively, to protect and restore biocultural diversity, including agrobiodiversity.
The 𝒯ℛ𝒪𝒴 project
Authors: Balsalobre-Ruza O. , Lillo-Box J. , Barrado D. , Correia A. C. M. , Faria J. P. , Figueira P. , Leleu A. , Robutel P. , Santos N. , Herrero-Cisneros E.
Published: September 2024

Context. Co-orbital objects, also known as trojans, are frequently found in simulations of planetary system formation. In these configurations, a planet shares its orbit with other massive bodies. It is still unclear why there have not been any co-orbitals discovered thus far in exoplanetary systems (exotrojans) or even pairs of planets found in such a 1:1 mean motion resonance. Reconciling observations and theory is an open subject in the field.

Aims. The main objective of the 𝒯ℛ𝒪𝒴 project is to conduct an exhaustive search for exotrojans using diverse observational techniques. In this work, we analyze the radial velocity time series informed by transits, focusing the search around low-mass stars.

Methods. We employed the α-test method on confirmed planets searching for shifts between spectral and photometric mid-transit times. This technique is sensitive to mass imbalances within the planetary orbit, allowing us to identify non-negligible co-orbital masses.

Results. Among the 95 transiting planets examined, we find one robust exotrojan candidate with a significant 3-σ detection. Additionally, 25 exoplanets show compatibility with the presence of exotrojan companions at a 1-σ level, requiring further observations to better constrain their presence. For two of those weak candidates, we find dimmings in their light curves within the predicted Lagrangian region. We established upper limits on the co-orbital masses for either the candidates and null detections.

Conclusions. Our analysis reveals that current high-resolution spectrographs effectively rule out co-orbitals more massive than Saturn around low-mass stars. This work points out to dozens of targets that have the potential to better constraint their exotrojan upper mass limit with dedicated radial velocity observations. We also explored the potential of observing the secondary eclipses of the confirmed exoplanets in our sample to enhance the exotrojan search, ultimately leading to a more accurate estimation of the occurrence rate of exotrojans.
Structure-preserving finite element methods for computing dynamics of rotating Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Li Meng , Wang Junjun , Guan Zhen , Du Zhijie
Published: September 2024

This work is concerned with the construction and analysis of structure-preserving Galerkin methods for computing the dynamics of rotating Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) based on the Gross–Pitaevskii equation with angular momentum rotation. Due to the presence of the rotation term, constructing finite element methods (FEMs) that preserve both mass and energy remains an unresolved issue, particularly in the context of nonconforming FEMs. Furthermore, in comparison to existing works, we provide a comprehensive convergence analysis, offering a thorough demonstration of the methods’ optimal and high-order convergence properties. Finally, extensive numerical results are presented to check the theoretical analysis of the structure-preserving numerical method for rotating BEC, and the quantized vortex lattice’s behavior is scrutinized through a series of numerical tests.
Synthetic pulse wave dataset for analysis of vascular ageing in elderly patients
Authors: Rogov Artem , Gamilov Timur , Bragina Anna , Abdullaev Magomed , Druzhinina Natalia , Rodionova Yuliya , Shikhmagomedov Rustam , Tyulin Maksim , Podzolkov Valeriy
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a methodology to generate synthetic pulse wave database. Each virtual subject is generated with the help of one-dimensional hemodynamics model of systemic circulation with lumped model of the left heart. This paper describes and compares two parameter optimization methods: unscented Kalman filter and Bayesian optimization. As a case study, an experiment is conducted to predict cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) values for real individuals with a machine learning algorithm trained on a synthetic population. The average error of 6.5% is achieved
Gesamtresponserate von 100 %
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: September 2024

Talimogen laherparepvec (T-VEC) gehört zu einer Gruppe von Arzneimitteln für neuartige Therapien, den „Gentherapeutika“. Es ist in der EU zugelassen zur Behandlung von Erwachsenen mit nicht resezierbarem, lokal oder entfernt metastasiertem Melanom (Stadium IIIB, IIIC und IVM1a) ohne Knochen-, Hirn-, Lungen- oder andere viszerale Beteiligung. Auf der Jahrestagung der AACR wurden jetzt Ergebnisse einer Phase-II-Studie mit T-VEC bei Patient*innen mit invasivem Plattenepithelkarzinom vorgestellt.
Verzicht auf neoadjuvante Therapie beim Rektumkarzinom in Niedrigrisiko-Situation
Authors: Franke Katharina
Published: September 2024

In vielen Leitlinien wird beim Rektumkarzinom im Stadium II–III zu einer neoadjuvanten Radiochemotherapie geraten, um lokoregionäre Rezidive zu vermeiden. Eine aktuelle multizentrische Studie aus Deutschland ergab jedoch Hinweise darauf, dass bei Patienten mit niedrigem Risiko auf die neoadjuvante Behandlung verzichtet werden kann.
Kolorektales Karzinom: Etablierung neuer nichtinvasiver Screeningtests
Authors: Franke Katharina
Published: September 2024

Das Ziel von Tumor-Screeningtests ist es, Malignomerkrankungen in gut behandelbaren Stadien zu detektieren. Für das kolorektale Karzinom wurde in den letzten Jahren eine Reihe innovativer, nicht-invasiver Screeningtests entwickelt. Wie solche Tests Eingang in die klinische Praxis finden können, ist Gegenstand der neuen Stellungnahme eines Expertengremiums.
ctDNA-Status als Therapiewegweiser für die Chemo-Deeskalation?
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: September 2024

Beim Pankreas-Adenokarzinom sind die Rezidivraten nach einer Upfront-Resektion hoch, trotz nachfolgender adjuvanter Chemotherapie. Zur Optimierung des Outcomes sucht man auch nach Biomarkern für eine bessere Therapiesteuerung. Studien zeigen, dass der Nachweis von zirkulierender DNA (ctDNA) mit einem erhöhten Rezidivrisiko assoziiert ist. DieAGITG DYNAMIC-Pancreas-Studie untersuchte jetzt eine ctDNA-geleitete Therapie-Stratifizierung.
CAR-T-Zellen als Präzisionstherapie der Zukunft
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: September 2024

Mit den CAR-T-Zell-Therapien ist die Präzisionsmedizin auch bei den soliden gastrointestinalen Tumoren angekommen. Auf dem ASCO 2024 wurden mehrere Studien mit innovativen Kandidaten und therapeutischen Zielsubstraten vorgestellt.
Anlage von Drainagen in der CT
Authors: Gößmann Holger
Published: September 2024

Perkutan angelegte Drainagen sind sehr effektiv, wenn extraluminale
Flüssigkeitsansammlungen abgeleitet werden müssen. Sie werden am häufigsten
unter sonografischer oder unter CT-Kontrolle angelegt. Dieser Artikel gibt einen
Überblick über abdominelle und thorakale Drainagen in der CT und liefert Tipps
und Tricks zur Einbringung und zum Material.
Schwanger nach Brustkrebs-Therapie?
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: September 2024

Fast drei Viertel aller Frauen mit Kinderwunsch nach Behandlung eines nicht metastasierten Mammakarzinoms wurden tatsächlich schwanger; 65 % brachten mindestens ein Kind zur Welt.
Viel Bewegung im Therapiemanagement
Authors: Freye Reimund
Published: September 2024

Auch bei den Blut- und Lymphkrebs-Erkrankungen macht sich ein starker Wandel bemerkbar: Bei den neueren Immunpräparaten wie den CAR-T-Zelltherapien oder den bispezifischen Antikörpern findet eine Verschiebung in vordere Behandlungslinien statt oder wird durch neuere Studien und die Meinung von Fachärztinnen und -ärzten zumindest nahegelegt. Lesen Sie hier einen Ausschnitt aus den breitgefächerten Diskussionen auf dem diesjährigen Kongress der European Hematology Association (EHA) 2024.
Hemosuccus pancreaticus – Multidisciplinary therapy for a splenic artery aneurysm, ruptured into the pancreatic duct
Authors: Walensi Mikolaj , Albers David , Dakkak Dani , Meng Wei , Heesen Roland , Nassenstein Kai , Piotrowski Michal , Krasniuk Iuri , Tsilimparis Nikolaos , Drongitis Pavlos , Hoffmann Johannes N.
Published: September 2024

Background Numerous conditions may lead to gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). Compared with common causes, hemosuccus pancreaticus (HP) is a scarce and potentially life-threatening condition.

Case presentation We report the case of a 45-year-old female patient who suffered from hematemesis and subsequent hemorrhagic shock. In repeat esophagogastroduodenoscopies, bleeding from the major duodenal papilla was detected. To stop the acute bleeding, an ERCP was performed, and a plastic stent was inserted into the pancreatic duct (PD). Subsequently, MR and CT scans demonstrated a pseudoaneurysm of the splenic artery (SA) with a fistula to the PD. An interventional therapy approach failed due to a highly twisted course of the SA. Thus, the patient underwent surgery with ligation of the SA. The stent from the PD was removed postoperatively, and the patient recovered well. A histological examination of the SA revealed fibromuscular dysplasia. A lifelong ASA therapy was prescribed, and the patient was discharged on the 14th postoperative day in good condition.

Conclusion The diagnosis and treatment of HP might be impeded due to its multiple causes, ambiguous symptoms, and challenging diagnostic verification. Being a potentially life-threatening condition, the knowledge of this rare entity and the provision of multidisciplinary and multimodal therapy are mandatory for the successful treatment of patients with obscure GIB and proven HP.
Neuer Therapiestandard beim Hochrisiko-EGFR-mutierten NSCLC?
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: September 2024

Der vollhumane bispezifische Antikörper Amivantamab plus Lazertinib verbesserte in der Phase-III-Studie MARIPOSA bei unbehandelten Patient*innen mit fortgeschrittenem nicht kleinzelligem Lungenkarzinom (NSCLC) und EGFR-Hochrisiko-Mutationen im Vergleich zu Osimertinib das progressionsfreie Überleben (PFS) signifikant um 7,1 Monate (p < 0,01).
Immuntherapie geht vor Operation
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: September 2024

Die neoadjuvante Therapie des resezierbaren Melanoms Stadium III wird nach einer Analyse der Phase-III-Studie NADINA wohl neu definiert werden. Durch die neoadjuvante Therapie mit den Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren Nivolumab und Ipilimumab noch vor der Operation wurde das Risiko von Progression, Rezidivierung oder Tod im Vergleich zur Standardtherapie „Operation zuerst“ um 68 % gesenkt. „Dies ist zwar nur eine Interimsanalyse, könnte aber angesichts der hohen Signifikanz auch bereits das Endergebnis sein“, meinte Erstautor Prof. Christian Blank, Leiden, Niederlande, auf einer ASCO-Pressekonferenz.
Stellenwert der Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie/Computertomographie in der bildgebenden Diagnostik der Wirbelsäule
Authors: Schoeler Christina , Grünwald Frank
Published: September 2024

Die Wirbelsäule stellt aufgrund ihres komplexen Aufbaus aus knöchernen, binde- und knorpelgewebigen Strukturen, welche das Rückenmark sowie Nerven umgeben, eine Herausforderung für die Diagnostik dar. Eine Vielzahl an Krankheitsbildern neoplastischer oder entzündlicher Genese können die Wirbelsäule betreffen. Verschiedene bildgebende Modalitäten stehen zur Beurteilung und Einordnung im unterschiedlichen Maße zur Verfügung. Dieser Übersichtsartikel gibt einen Überblick über mögliche Einsatzgebiete der Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie/Computertomographie (PET/CT) mit klinischen Beispielen aus der Wirbelsäulenbildgebung.
Role of Virtual Monoenergetic Images in the Assessment of Vessel Enhancement in Segmental Level in Third-Generation Dual-Source Dual-Energy CT Pulmonary Angiography—A Prospective Study
Authors: Ethiraju Vijayakumaran , Varatharajaperumal Rajeshkumar , Arunachalam Venkatesh Kasi , KuruVambath Abdulla , Punniyakotti Rajesh Shanmugam , Rajasekaran Sriman , Mehta Pankaj , Cherian Mathew
Published: September 2024

Introduction Pulmonary embolism is the third most common cause of cardiovascular death worldwide and imaging plays a pivotal role in establishing the diagnosis. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) scores over other modalities and is the current diagnostic investigation of choice. In this study, we assessed the main pulmonary artery and its corresponding segmental artery attenuation in reconstructed virtual monoenergetic (mono plus) images (VMI-MP) and linear blended images (spectral post processing, SPP) obtained from dual-energy CTPA. The values were compared using contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

Materials and Methods Forty patients (mean age group, 53.6 years; 26 females and 14 males) with segmental pulmonary thromboembolism were included in this prospective study. The patients underwent CTPA study using bolus tracking in the dual-source CT-SOMATOM Force, Siemens. Postcontrast datasets (90 kV, 150 kV, and SPP) were used to reconstruct the monoenergetic images using syngo.via software virtually. Comparison was done between bivariate samples using the paired sample t-test.

Results The mean Hounsfield unit (HU) artery in the left lung for VMI-MP and SPP images were 886.9 ± 242 and 356.8 ± 121.3 HU, respectively. Similarly, for the right lung, it was 868.3 ± 243.5 and 336.1 ± 105.5 HU, respectively. The mean attenuation of the arteries in MP images was higher and statistically significant (p-value <0.005). Likewise, the CNR) and SNR were found to have a statistically significant p-value (<0.005). An acceptable increase in image noise was seen in VMI as compared with SPP images.

Conclusion Low-keV VMIs perform more effectively than the conventional polyenergetic spectrum to evaluate vessel attenuation, which in turn increases thrombus detectability. The increased CNR in VMI enables improved lesion conspicuity.
Foot and Ankle Reconstruction Using Retrograde Lateral Supramalleolar Flap
Authors: Nguyen Thach Ngoc , Mai Tuong Trong , Vo Khanh Hoa , Nguyen An Van , Nguyen An Nguyen , Cao Thi
Published: September 2024

Background Treatment of soft-tissue defects in the foot and ankle is a challenge. The use of a retrograde lateral supramalleolar flap is a promising technique for reconstruction. This study aims to assess the efficacy and outcomes of the technique.

Materials and Methods A prospective observational study was conducted from December 2017 to December 2022. Patients with soft-tissue defects in the foot and ankle underwent reconstruction using the retrograde lateral supramalleolar flap. Data on demographics, injury details, flap dimensions, complications, and outcomes were recorded and analyzed.

Results Forty-six flaps were used in the study. The average flap length was 17.47 cm. The maximum size of the flaps was 104 cm2 with an average of 48.43 cm2. Venous congestion occurred in nine flaps, leading to partial necrosis in four cases. The overall success rate was 91.3%.

Conclusion The retrograde lateral supramalleolar flap is effective in covering soft-tissue defects in the foot and ankle.
Chronic Noninfectious Osteomyelitis: A Review of Imaging Findings
Authors: Chandola Stuti , Bagri Narendra , Andronikou Savvas , Ramanan A.V. , Jana Manisha
Published: September 2024

Chronic noninfectious osteomyelitis or chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO), also known as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, is an autoinflammatory bone disorder primarily affecting the pediatric age group. Currently, it is diagnosed on the basis of clinical, laboratory, and imaging features. Imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and follow-up of CNO with whole body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) being the main modality. Radiographs assist in exclusion of common differential diagnoses like infections and malignancy. WBMRI aids in disease detection and exclusion of differential diagnoses, identifies additional lesions, and has a role in ascertaining the pattern of bony involvement which helps with prognostication and grading. Recent recognition of specific morphological and distribution patterns on WBMRI is increasingly allowing an upfront diagnosis of this entity to be made on imaging alone. It is also helpful for assessment of response to therapy during follow-up. This review aims to summarize the role of imaging in the evaluation of CNO, with special emphasis on WBMRI in its assessment.
Electrostatic energy-driven contact electrification mechanism from the ReaxFF molecular dynamics perspective
Authors: Ratanaporn Sart , Bunriw Weeraya , Harnchana Viyada , Banlusan Kiettipong
Published: September 2024

Understanding the underlying principles of contact electrification is critical for more efficient triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) development. Herein, we use ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations in conjunction with a charge equilibration method to investigate the contact electrification mechanism in polyisoprene (PI), a natural rubber polymer, when it comes into contact with copper (Cu) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The simulations reveal that the charge transfer directions in the PI/Cu and PI/PTFE contact models are opposite, and the amount of charge transfer in the former is substantially less than that in the latter, which are consistent with our TENG measurements. Contact electrification is revealed to be a spontaneous process that occurs to lower electrostatic energy, and the electrostatic energy released during contact electrification of PI/PTFE is greater than that of PI/Cu, which can be correlated with the relative strength of triboelectric charging observed for the two systems. A compression simulation of the PI/Cu contact model reveals that the quantity of charge transfer grows exponentially as compressive strain increases. Despite increasing the total energy of the system due to densification and distortion of the polymer structure, the applied deformation results in an energetically more stable electrostatic arrangement. We also find that the incorporation of a carbonaceous material into a polyisoprene matrix causes a faster increase in the amount of charge transfer with compressive strain, which is governed by a steeper electrostatic energy profile. This study provides an alternative perspective on the contact electrification mechanism, which could be beneficial for the development of energy harvesting devices.
Density functional theory study of physisorption of ionic liquid pairs on hydroxylated and oxygen terminated α-SiO2 (001) surfaces
Authors: Wang Xiangjian , Antzutkin Oleg. N. , Larsson J. Andreas
Published: September 2024

In this work, we investigate the ion pair tetramethylphosphonium cation, [P1,1,1,1]+, and bis(oxalato)borate anion, [BOB]−, as a model system for the study of ionic liquids interacting with both hydroxylated and oxygen terminated α-SiO2 (001) surfaces, using first-principles electronic structure theory. We use a single ionic pair and clusters of ion pairs, in order to have exclusively neutral supercell slab models. We use dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) to ascertain that both the strong physical binding between the ions, dominated by ionic binding, and the weaker physical binding of ions to the different surfaces are correctly described. We have found that the binding of ion pairs is stronger to the hydroxylated α-SiO2 (001) surface compared to the oxygen terminated surface, which is attributed to the formation of H-binding with the oxygen atom(s) of the [BOB]− anion. Through rotation of ionic pair(s), we estimate the surface-ions energy barrier for translational movement and, thus, the strength of H-binding of the ions. At the surface of hydroxylated α-SiO2 (001), we have studied how water molecules form a network of H-binding with the OH groups of the surface and the [BOB]− anion, which offers an explanation for the reduction in the friction of ionic liquids on the inclusion of water. We suggest modeling protocols for simulation of ion pairs on surfaces, which can open up the possibility to use DFT to aid in designing and understanding the physicochemical mechanism of interactions of ionic materials (including ionic liquids) in various technological applications.
Two stage decoherence of optical phonons in long oligomers
Authors: Burin Alexander L. , Rubtsov Igor V.
Published: September 2024

Molecular vibrations are generally responsible for chemical energy transport and dissipation in molecular systems. This transport is fast and efficient if energy is transferred by optical phonons in periodic oligomers, but its efficiency is limited by decoherence emerging due to anharmonic interactions with acoustic phonons. Using a general theoretical model, we show that in the most common case of the optical phonon band being narrower than the acoustic bands, decoherence takes place in two stages. The faster stage involves optical phonon multiple forward scattering due to absorption and emission of transverse acoustic phonons, i.e., collective bending modes with a quadratic spectrum; the transport remains ballistic and the speed can be altered. The subsequent slower stage involves phonon backscattering in multiphonon processes involving two or more acoustic phonons resulting in a switch to diffusive transport. If the initially excited optical phonon possesses a relatively small group velocity, then it is accelerated in the first stage due to its transitions to states propagating faster. This theoretical expectation is consistent with the recent measurements of optical phonon transport velocity in alkane chains, increasing with increasing the chain length.