bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RURAL TOURIST EVENTS IN EUROPEAN DESTINATIONS
Authors: Lakićević Marija , Žarevac Bošković Milica
Published: August 2019

Rural tourism in Europe is a very important segment of the European tourism market, which is confirmed by numerous indicators. Rural areas are not just a food production base or underdeveloped areas, but for years they represent destinations of intense interest of tourists. The paper analyzes the tourist events of the developed European destinations, pointing out that a numerous trips resulting from satisfaction are precisely related to a particular event. Tourism is attached to a great importance, but also the expectations of tourists are growing, as well as their desire for specific experiences. As a positive example is Austria in function of the sustainable development of rural areas. Some parts of this country promote healthy food, rest and relaxation in healthy and preserved nature. Also, rural tourism in Spain is an important sector in the economic development of the country, with the more known events of the Bulls Race (Spanish: encierro), the Holy Sunday (Spanish: Semana Santa), Tomatina (Spanish: la Tomatina). Given that rural tourism has the potential to diversify the offer, various products have been developed that provide an adequate supply of France throughout the year such as summer festivals, crops, winter sports, cultural heritage and the like.
THE RISKS OF VICTIMIZATION AND MEASURES OF PREVENTION
Authors: Adžajlić-Dedović Azra , Hasković Edita , Humačkić Tarik
Published: August 2019

According to the U.S. Department of Justice (2004), victimization occurs when “…a person suffers direct or threatened physical, emotional, and/or financial harm.” Victimization can include physical violence, sexual violence, psychological or emotional abuse, and neglect. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) acknowledges such victimization as a serious and preventable public health problem.Victimologists hypothesize that a number of individual victimologist factors determine a person’s- the perpetrators of the crime to commit an act. Motivation at a particular point in time is the result of interactions over a person’s life course between biological, socio-cultural, and developmental factors—as well as contemporaneous opportunity. Psychological factors are the result of interactions between biological and socio-cultural factors. Victimologists do not imagine that some simple consitutional factor is a satisfactory explanation for mativational factors.Multilevel (or contextual) analyses have been proposed as one solution to these limitations and a variety of studies have been conducted to study individuals’ risk for crime within and across different types of communities. Ecological factors involve interactions between people and their activities. This category includes things associated with the physical environment such as geography and topography, crowding, pollution, and recreational opportunities. These ecological factors can affect how people develop physically and emotionally over their lives as well as the level of hostility, fear, or well-being they feel from moment to moment as they experience (For example: a crowded subway, dark lonely parking lot, or serene park). Discussion focuses on theoretical, methodological, and policy implications.
FROM TRADITIONAL TOWARDS CRITICAL GEOPOLITICS
Authors: Kotovchevska Blagica , Conev Blagoj
Published: August 2019

Critical geopolitics examines geopolitical practices in order to understand geographical and political thinking and how the global policy practices are affected. It examines the geopolitical tradition, referring to the historical and geographical context of ideas about geography and politics. In a wider sense, it aims to critically examine everything related to geography and politics. It gives us an idea how the practice of world politics is implemented through different geopolitical arrangements and how our worldview is based on these premises. The analyzes presented through the research of critical geopolitics aimed to create a complex and accurate geopolitical picture, that is, a geopolitical mirror in the function of an essential deconstruction of the geopolitical discourses that create stereotypes for the actors involved in a certain conflict, for the states and the regions where the conflict takes place, that is, a creation of afalse geopolitical picture or a geopolitical mosaic.
USE OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN THE CONTEXT OF INTIMATE PARTNERS VIOLENCE
Authors: Stefanovska Vesna
Published: August 2019

The question of the use of restorative justice (RJ) in cases of domestic violence among intimate partners has caused the greatest resistance and controversy among proponents of restorative justice. The reasons are in the nature and in the characteristics inherent in that violence: the presence of control and power over the victim, loss of trust, gender-based violence, cultural differences in certain communities, the possibility of escalation of the violence, its possible longer use, failure of the community to protect the victim etc. Hence, a particular group of feminists believe that restorative justice lacks awareness of gender inequality, which is behind the background of violence against women. A number of comparative analyzes of the application of restorative justice in cases of domestic violence in a number of countries in the world find that RJ is a successful way of dealing with that kind of violence. So, despite a series of criticisms and possible risks from the application of restorative justice in such cases, RJ receives support because can better addresses the problem of that type of violence and meet the needs of the victim. An additional reason is the failure of the formal court trials to ensure adequate protection of victims, to satisfy the sense of justice and to meet their needs. On the other hand, in relation to the perpetrator, violent behavior towards the intimate partner is a symptom of a deep problem in the attitude towards the victim and, in general, a problem that should be specifically approached in order to consider not only the consequences, but also the origin of his own aggression. Given the above, there are numerous benefits from restorative justice in cases of violence among intimate partners: the right to actively participate and to resolve the problem, encouragement, greater degree of responsibility of the offender, a flexible and informal process that is less frightening for the victim, opportunity for dialogue and communicatiom, the opportunity to treat the problem of violence for those who want to improve mutual relations and stay together. In this context, the primary focus should not be to resolve the conflict, but to treat the sides through confrontation and dialogue, because in this way, positive results can be achieved.Those issues related to the possible risks, but also to the benefits and perspectives of the application of restorative justice in cases of domestic violence among intimate partners are subject to theoretical elaboration of this paper.
AGREEMENT OF THE WILLS FROM THE CONTRACTUAL PARTIES AS ONE OF THE CONDITIONS TO MAKE A DEAL
Authors: Patoska Aleksandra
Published: August 2019

Every agreement of the wills among two or more persons who make mutual law relation or changes or calls of the existing law relation is named as a contrast in the theory of law. According its characteristics, the law relations may be different - obligatorious, familliarious, hereditorious, administrativ, merchanditorious etc., because of what the contracts as instruments of law regulations of that relationships are published in different law branches, like: familly law, heretige law, administrative law, merchandise law etc. Regarding its theoretical structure and frequent use and meaning in the law practice, the obligatory contracts are separated - those which may make obligatory relationships.The obligatory relationships are law connection among two or more parties from which one of them has the right to ask for, and the other is obligated to give the asked or to do, or not to do, or to bear it. The essence of the obligatory relation is in the right of the creditor to ak from the debtor to fulfille his obligation, which means - basicly - they are in creditor - debtor's relationships. Therefore, the obligatory contracts are double law acts according to which, in the agreement of the wills between two parties, the one part obeys to give something, to do or not to do something, or to bear something in the benefit of the other part, the part which takes that obligation as its right.The agreement of the wills of the contractual parties is one of the four common conditions of the genezes of a contract. It is realized by equality of the different whishes and different aims which the parties like to reach by making an agreement. There are the questions which I am trying to answer in my written text: about law relevant will, the atributes which the will should possesse, the ways of giving the will and, at the end, coordinating the wills of the two parts which goes to make the contact. The coordinating of the wills should be done on a legalized or usual way, frequently or usually by giving an offer from the first part and reaching the offer from the other one. That is the most usual mode of implementation the reunification of the wills between the contractual parts.
PROSTITUTION PREVENTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN BULGARIA
Authors: Terziev Venelin , Bonev Hristo
Published: August 2019

The article analyzes the legal aspects of prostitution prevention and proposes an approach to legal change and criminalization of human trafficking, child and involuntary prostitution as well as the possibility of accepting the liberal alternative related to the regularization of voluntary provision of sexual services. The model of prostitution as a form of exploitation and violence has been adopted, which forces public authorities to protect victims of sexual abuse. The main categories of the prevention system determine the hierarchical subordination of the structural prostitution organization as well as the role of organized crime in legalizing the business.
CONTEMPORARY FORMS OF POLICE TRAINING
Authors: Nedelkovska Martina
Published: August 2019

Contemporary security challenges necessarily impose the need for changes in conventional police action, which from "power with a stick" should change police in a partner of the community that will jointly deal with global security threats, especially after the events of September 11, 2001, have important changed the perception of what kind of security threats should be handled by police services around the world. Transnational organized crime and money laundering are only part of a series of complex criminogenic forms whose dealing without an exceptionally high level of professionalism and expertise will not achieve more than mediocre results in the pre-trial procedure, which is key to the further form of criminal legal effect of the crime. Professionalism and expertise as one of the basic competencies of the police officer, to deal not only with contemporary, but also with routine police activities, have their foundations in the police training where is the start of all preconditions that form professional police officer.
CLASSIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF FACTORS, METHODS AND TOOLS IN THE PROSTITUTION PREVENTION MANAGEMENT
Authors: Terziev Venelin , Bonev Hristo
Published: August 2019

The article analyzes the women sexual exploitation in order to obtain the benefits and financial resources that feed organized crime groups. The prevention effectiveness is determined by the quality of risk assessment, the definition of critical sites and activities, the purposefulness and consistency of the measures implementation. The dynamics and the essence of the modern threats to people security determine the preventive activity and the preparation for adequate response in situations by the state authorities. The criterion for defining them is the responsibility to protect lives and health of many citizens, and to prevent accidents associated with risks to their normal existence. Pre-preparedness for prevention provides the necessary resources and stable partner organizations to effectively support the law enforcement structures.
INTERIM MEASURES IN ARBITRATION
Authors: Gjorgjioska Emilija , Stoileva Zorica , Gorgieva Dijana
Published: August 2019

In the arbitration, just like in civil litigation, it may be necessary before the final merit award is rendered by the arbitral tribunal, the relations between the parties to be temporarily settled. The need for ordering interim measures before or during an arbitration may arise in order to create conditions for maintaining the existing situation untilthe arbitration settlement of the dispute, facilitating the enforcement of the potential condemnatory arbitration award or faster conduct of the arbitration.Due to these advantages of the interimmeasures, the problem of interim measures in the modern arbitration process theory and practice gets more and more important. In the context of this, the questions arise what types of interim measures and under what conditions can be ordered in the arbitration?Who has the authority to order inerim measures: the state court or arbitrator of the arbitration tribunal or arbitrator for emergencies, and etc. Regarding the types of interim measures that can be ordered before or during the arbitration, there are: conservation, temporary, procedural-facilitating, record-keeping and execution-enforcement measures. The conditions for ordering each of these measures are specific and depend on the purpose and function of the interim measure itself. Regarding the dilemma who is auhtorized to order interim measures in the arbitration, it must be emphasized that the older arbitration theory and practice that has been created around state protectionist legal politics accepts the position that only the state court can order inerim measures while the contemporary arbitration theory and practice proves that the arbitrator of the arbitration court (more often) or an emergency arbitrator (less often) should order the imerim measures in the arbitration. It is precisely because of these problems and dilemmas that still baffle the science of the arbitration procedural law the subject of this paper will be the legal regulation of the subject matter of the interim measures in the Macedonian arbitration legislation. For this purpose, an analysis will be made of the positive legal provisions of the Law on Litigation Procedure of the Republic of Macedonia which regulates the domestic arbitration, the Law on International Commercial Arbitration of the Republic of Macedonia, which regulates the international arbitration and the Rules of The Permanent court of Arbitration attached to the Economic Chamber of Republic of Macedonia that apply to resolve arbitration disputes with and without a foreign element and will be analyzed whether they regulate and to what extent they regulate the issue of ordering of inrim measures in the arbitration. This will be done in order to conclude whether there is a need for amendments of the Macedonian Arbitration Legislation in order for the Macedonian arbitration procedural right to be in line with the modern arbitration tendencies for ordering interim measures in the arbitration, primarily the UNCITRAL Model Law.
POTENTIALS AND OBSTRUCTION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TOURISM OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
Authors: Rover Sandra , Tomic Milan
Published: August 2019

The aim of this paper is to examine potentials and obstacles for the development of rural tourism in the Republic of Srpska. The analysis of both the potential and the integration of the entities crucial for the development of rural tourism, as well as the limiting factors that lead to stagnation in the development of rural tourism, is covered. Also, the goal is to explore the views of users and providers of rural tourism services and institutions dealing with the tourism industry on the state of the tourist offer and the limiting factors of its development. Rural destinations are becoming more attractive and more visited by tourists due to the natural environment, clean air, manifestations, possibilities of consuming traditional food and beverages, sports and various other activities. However, the ruin of rural tourism is reflected in the fact that it can violate the original form of rural space through various forms of environmental pollution of space, water and air. Preservation of existing resources is a necessity because the preserved environment is a prerequisite for the development of rural tourism. Republic of Srpska has seen a steady growth in the tourist visit in recent years, but there are still limiting factors for the development of rural tourism, which are most often seen in the poorly developed infrastructure of certain rural destinations, lack of accommodation capacities and the lack of qualified labor force, cooperation of several actors. It cannot be developed without the cooperation of regional and local authorities, non-governmental organizations, tourist organizations and businesses with local people. These actors should help the development of rural tourism through various subsidies, incentives, infrastructure construction and marketing.Republika Srpska faces the problem of insufficient promotion of tourism products, which reflects on the bad image of the entire tourism. The strong competition from the countries of the region, primarily Croatia and Montenegro, draws a large number of tourists, which points to the fact that the consumers of tourism services of the Republic of Srpska are in the highest estimate domestic guests of a poor standard of living. The development of rural tourism should be based on an integrated approach to development and care for resources. Only preserved resources can be a condition for the development of rural tourism now and in the future.
ABSTRACT NOUNS OF QUALITY IN THE DICTIONARY OF NAYDEN GEROV
Authors: Baeva Albena
Published: August 2019

The article attempts to examine the abusive nouns in Nayden Gerov's dictionary and to describe some relations that exist between them. Partly describe the word-forming suffixes characteristic of the category. It is necessary to conclude that there is some volatility in formation and correlations that have not been eliminated to this day. It is assumed that in the case of the relative names formed with suffixes - sota and - the theotraum, the second formations do not have a completely pejorative significance, which is characteristic of modern Bulgarian language.
THE ROAD OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TURKISH LITERATURE IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Authors: Koteva Ivana , Celik Mahmut
Published: August 2019

The research we made for the early beginnings and the developmental path of Turkish literature in the Republic of Macedonia as well as its representatives resulted in this scientific paper. Wealthy literary sources have enabled us to follow its development step by step, that is, to witness through what lows and ups the same has passed, moving towards the top. The information about the founders of Turkish literature in Macedonia is not less scarce, for people who unselfishly and courageously fought for the success of their literature, and we note that every next, literature thirsty generation, courageously steps and strengthens its foundations. These same people are proud founders, representatives and promoters of Turkish literature in our region.
THE MOTIF OF RECOGNITION IN ENGLISH AND THE ALBANIAN BALLADS
Authors: Isaki Fatmire , Gurra Hyreme
Published: August 2019

Difficult war times and painful family events made people segregate. These events made folk singers create songs where they narrated how people recognized each other after a long time being far away from one another. This time period was known as a very dramatic process fulfilled with strong feelings. Different scops and bards created emotional songs with the motif of recognition between husband and wife (that will be explained with examples from Hind Horn and Aga Ymeri), between brother and sister (that will be explained with examples from Bonnie Farday and Gjon Petrika), and rarely between brother and brother. The aim of this paper is to make a comparative analysis with special emphasis on intersections and the dissimilar points of the English ballads and the Albanian ones which treat the motif of recognition. Since this papers goal is the comparative approach between ballads of two different literatures of different nations, our methods of analysis will be the narrative method and the comparative method. The narrative method will be used to point out the motif of recognition in each ballad particularly, while the comparative method will be used to make the comparison between ballads Hind Horn and Aga Ymeri where husband and wife recognize each other by a special sign as symbol of their true love, and between ballads Bonny Farday or Babylon and Gjon Petrika where with the help of a mark the identification of brother and sister occurs.
TESS, VICTIM OF HYPOCRICY TESS OF THE d’URBERVILLES, THOMAS HARDY
Authors: Ibraimi Memeti Suzana
Published: August 2019

Thomas Hardy is distinguished by his contemporaries for the fact that the subjects of his novels are taken from the rural environment in the agricultural region south of England. He calls his homeland Dorset, Wessex, in memory of former King Alfred the Great. Themes and subjects of his novels are attractive and dominant. In all of his most popular novels, Hardy describes, outlines, and portrays human beings who are faced with powerful attacks of devastating and mysterious forces. He was a serious novelist who sought to present the view of life throughout a novel. Frequently, his themes and subjects mix with the sequence of events that have extreme and fatal consequences, while he rarely fails to inspire the reader with his deep mercy to the characters who suffer in their live; he often cannot afford to reach the highest degree of tragic element. The author sends an indictment to his time: he firmly rejects the duality of morality according to which the behavior of a man and the behavior of a woman is differently estimated. Thomas Hardy’s world as a writer is completely realistic, even transparent because he is a rare master of description of the environment. His characters are creatures of their environment, presented in their mutual relationships, often with sharp psychological observations. “Tess of the d’Urbervilles” is based on a familiar motif, that of a fallen woman, where Tess represents the prejudices of the Victorian society. In the novel, Hardy portrays an innocent poor girl of a country, a victim of the combined forces of Victorian patriarchal society, of the hypocrisy of social prejudice and gender inequality, which shows his deep sympathy for Tessa, the protagonist of the novel, a symbol of women devastated without mercy in a world dominated by males. He shows that Tess is an example of the devastating effect of society's pressures on a pure girl, and that Angel and Alec are personifications of destructive attitudes towards women.
THE ASSASİNATİON AND EXECUTİON OF THE TWO WORLD LEADERS
Authors: Gurra Hyreme , Isaku Fatmire
Published: August 2019

This research paper is revealing and comparing two political leaders’ assasination and execution. The subject of the study are; Kennedy’s assasination and Menderes’s execution both cases will be shown in details.There also will be mentioned some key outcomes which happened during their presidency, why and how these events occured and the maner these leaders dealed withw the surrounding circumsatnces. Kennedy became the second youngest President of the United States, that was assasinated ater Abraham Lincoln. There were many occurences which would come for him during his rule.He was pressured to approve Eisenhower’s intervene plan to take down Fidel Castro in Cuba. Later it turned a failure for him to manage. In the Missile Crises Kennedy bacame the edge of the war against the USSR. Adnan Menderes was chosen as Prime Minister in the first free election in Turkey. But during his rule He did several things which could not be accredited by people. The discontentment of people was manifested with protests at the universities, martyrs in Korean War,the events of September 6-7 took Turkey in a chaotical environment. The inference of this this chaos lead him to death. His destiny defining an execution was the worst scenario and portrayed severe images for a Prime Minister that ruled a country. The research methods that are used in this paper are comparative and historical.
THE ROLE AND POSITION OF A WOMAN IN THE REPUBLICAN AND OTTOMAN PERIOD
Authors: Yavuz Shenturan Nabi
Published: August 2019

Ever since the beginning of Turkish civilisation, women have played a very important role in Turkish societies, just as equally in social life or family life. As the family is highly regarded and valued as the basis of a country, so was the role of a woman regarded as highly relevant and of great importance and value. In various sources the role of a woman was confirmed to be meaningful even in the politic life of the Turks and in the legal composition. Women who had the choice of legal rights in societal life of old Turks have lost a great portion of the same and have never regained them until late. The role of women in society was greatly limited. Clothes were being changed and new norms such as - wearing cloaks were enforced. Emancipation of Turkish women the first steps towards rights acquirement in various areas, the downfallen and destructive approach and the Turkish nationalism has shown a parallel progress along with the process. With the proclamation of the constitution, the movements of women have started to untwist in society and women have gained intensity in discussion.
PALEONTOLOGICAL HERITAGE RESOURCES FOR TOURISM IN BULGARIA
Authors: Staneva Krasimira
Published: August 2019

A specific approach is needed based on a comprehensive study of both tourist resources and habitats / natural findings of fossils for develop a successful tourist product targeting customers who have interests in paleontology. The aim of the study is to evaluate the possibilities of modeling paleontological destinations in the country using leaf imprints and fossils. Fossils have their unique origins. They are formed at a certain point in geological development and in a specific geographic location. In this respect, by their genesis and common character, they are non-renewable resources of high scientific, educational, commercial and amateur value, which can be considered as a tourist resource. Two different paleontological outcrops have been studied: the Lovech Urgonian Group in Northern Bulgaria and the Smolyan Palaeogene Basin in the Western Rhodopes. Destination Lovech Urgonian Group: sampling rocks with finds of Orbitolina, Foraminifera, Algae, coral, Gastropoda, Bivalvia associated with coral reefs in the sedimentary rocks of the Lovech Urgonian Group are situated in the region of Veliko Tarnovo and Lovech. They are connected to a Urgonian paleo Sea, whose age is Low Cretaceous.Destination Smolyan Paleogene basin: different leaf imprints are found in the sedimentary rocks, representatives of the families Platanacea, Fagacaea, Lauraceae, Pinaceae, Podocarpaceae and others with different ecological characteristics. The paleo-floristic diversity shows a dynamic climatic situation through the Paleogene period in this region. The tourists accessibility to the natural revelations of paleo-reefs in North Bulgaria and of the palaeoflora outcrops in the Smolyan region is assessed. An assessment of the tourist infrastructure, the existence of geological landscapes, panoramic views and paleontological museum expositions has been made. The specialized paleontological museums in the country are limited in number. And the offering of paleontological tourist destinations is the opportunity for tourists with interests in the natural history and the live evolution to find a suitable form for satisfying their special interests.
METHODS AND APPROACHES FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE PRECOMPETITION FEVER IN EQUESTRIAN SPORTS
Authors: Dinev Valev Yuri
Published: August 2019

The article focuses on basic methods and approaches to overcome precompetition fever in equestrian sport.What distinguishes the equestrian coach from the coaches in other sports disciplines is that in the training and sporting competition he works with two living creatures - a rider and a horse. It is also the peculiarity of the pedagogical activity of the coach - besides the close psychological contact he must establish with the riders, it is necessary to take into account the character, the psyche, the individual characteristics and the horse's preparation.In the course of equestrian training, the coach's overall assessment of the rider's personality, considering the character and temperament of the horse, has an active influence on his construction in moral, sport-technical, tactical and psychological terms. All this talks about the responsibility that lies on the coach and about his great role during the training and sporting competition in equestrian sport.In order to achieve good sports results, along with good general-physical, technical and tactical training, psychological sustainability and coping with pre-fever during competitions is also crucial. The work to successfully overcome all these challenges should begin even in the purposeful pursuit of training activities, not just on the day of the competition itself. Then it will be too late to achieve the desired positive result.Sports battles are won or lost before the start. not so much because of a lack of training volume or a poor training methodology, rather than the psychological training of the rider.For the proper psychological training, work is done in the day-to-day training process. Each rider is approached individually, and it is of particular importance to establish a synergy between him and the horse he trains with. The rider and the horse are treated as one whole as a dynamic system. Mutual trust between these two living creatures plays a key role in overcoming all the psychophysiological problems that would arise in the competitive environment. This trust is built on a daily basis, through proper methodical work, dedication and empathy without any conflict and confrontation. Once this trust is lost, it will take a long time to recover it. If this happens before the competition, anxiety, uncertainty and fear of the rider will lead to the emergence of a pretended fever that will inevitably affect the performance of the rider-horse couple.
METHODOLOGY OF PLAYING ACTIVITY IN REHABILITATION PRACTICE
Authors: Kasnakova Petya
Published: August 2019

The games play a special role in rehabilitation practice. The positive emotions they cause in patients cannot be achieved by other methods and means of modern rehabilitation. The role of game playing activity in practice is crucial to the achievement of one of the important tasks in implementing rehabilitation measures, namely to evacuate the patient from the depressed mental state, to distract him from the disease process and to focus on mobilizing his healing powers. The mood, the emotional charge and the dynamics that the games create are particularly suited to awakening the patient's interest in the healing process, their attraction and their active involvement in the rehabilitation activities. The connection between the actions in the game and the movements in the analytical exercises accelerates the formation of motor habits, physical qualities and skills not only in children but also in adult patients with various pathological injuries. Rehabilitation games are suitable for all ages by enhancing the health of the occupants, developing their mental qualities, improving the activity of the vestibular, visual and motor analyzers. The basis of the motor movement training game methodology and the improvement of motor movement skills is the activation of the thought processes and emotional experiences, the development of the functions of the musculoskeletal system, the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system.
Effect of yarn structure on cover factor in woven fabrics
Authors: ZUHAIB AHMAD , MOAZ ELDEEB , SHOAI IQBAL , ADNAN AHMED MAZARI
Published: August 2019

This experimental work investigates the effect of yarn structure on cover factor of fabrics at different weft settings by the
light transmission method. To analyze the effect, two different types of fabric set have been prepared by using airjet and
rotor yarns of the same linear densities in the weft direction and keeping the warp yarn unchanged. For each fabric, weft
setting has been changed gradually. Cross-sectional diameter of yarn and its packing density has been analyzed to find
out the differences between both yarn structures. The effective yarn diameter and packing density have been found to
be almost same for both yarns while the hairiness is found to be higher in airjet yarn as compared to rotor yarn. Yarn
cross-section in the fabric has also been analyzed to examine the deformation (flatness) in yarn, which was relatively
higher in airjet yarns. At the same weft setting the cover factor (CF) of fabric woven by air jet yarn is found to be higher
than fabric woven by rotor jet yarn, and this difference decreases as the weft setting increases in fabric. Correlation
analysis results show the relation between the cover factor and weft setting. While analysis of variance results show
statistically significant effect of spinning system (airjet and rotor yarn) and weft setting on the cover factor of woven
fabric.
Air, moisture and thermal comfort properties of woven fabrics from
selected yarns
Authors: QURBAT ZAHRA , ASIF ELAHI MANGAT , AHMAD FRAZ , SAJID HUSSAIN , MUDASSAR ABBAS , UMAIR MUKHTAR
Published: August 2019

Air and moisture transport properties of plain woven fabric made from 20sNec cotton in warp and 20sNec pure yarns of
tencel, modal, pro-modal, bamboo, polyester and cotton yarn inweft direction are studied. Major characteristics added
for this study include water vapour permeability, air permeability, wettingtime and wicking speed. In comparison of six
different samples of variously composed materials in weft direction, the air permeability of tencel was minimum and
polyester was maximum, whereas the reverse results were observed for both the samples in case of water vapour
permeability. Among the blends with cotton, thermal conductivity of bamboo and thermal absorptivity of polyester was
found maximum whereas the minimum thermal resistance was observed for pro modal yarn in weft. Similar pattern was
observed in spreading speed and wetting time of the polyester when observed from either side top or bottom. Air and
moisture comfort properties of bamboo and pro modal, having nearly similar values are suggested to be used in
garments used for golf players
Research on the possibilities of reducing the effects of shock waves
in case of explosions in environments with dust and textile suspended particulate matter
Authors: OLIMPIU STOICUTA , MARIN SILVIU NAN , DĂNUŢ GRECEA , CĂTĂLIN PLOTOGEA , DORINA POPESCU , ALEXANDRU LAURENTIU CHIOTOROIU , GABRIEL ŢUŢUIANU
Published: August 2019

This article presents an automatic system designed to reduce shock waves resulting from an internal explosion in a
closed space where mixing with air under atmospheric conditions of flammable substances in the form of dust or fibers
after ignition, is propagated in the whole unconsumed mixture.
The automatic system provides ventilation of the enclosure in order to reduce the effects of the explosion. The system
is developed around a microcontroller and is based on a predictive algorithm. The power supply of the automation
devices used in the system is made from a stand-alone photovoltaic system with electrical storage located outside the
closed space
Modelling and testing the electromagnetic near field shielding effectiveness
achieved by woven fabrics with conductive yarns
Authors: ION RĂZVAN RĂDULESCU , LILIOARA SURDU , EMILIA VISILEANU , MARIAN COSTEA , ION PĂTRU , VIORICA VOICU
Published: August 2019

The current extensively development of electrical devices and telecommunication requires adequate solutions for
ensuring electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). One of the main solutions provided by EMC is the shielding against
electromagnetic (EM) radiation. Conventional screens for EM radiation are constructed from metallic plates, however,
fabrics with conductive yarns may be used as well, with multiple advantages: lightweight, flexibility, mechanical
resistance and 3D shape ability.
The paper addresses the shielding of the electromagnetic near field, by proposing an analytic relation taking into account
both geometrical and electrical parameters of the fabric, based on the circuit method. A validation study was performed,
by measuring the shielding effectiveness of an enclosure with a cover from woven fabrics with conductive yarns. The
experimental setup includes both the electrical measurement devices, as well as a set of five woven fabrics with
conductive yarns from stainless steel and silver. The experimental results for the electromagnetic near field frequency
range (1–20 MHz) present values in good relationship to the analytic relation.
The simplified analytic relation allows the computing of the distance between the conductive yarns of the woven fabric
in relation to the targeted shielding effectiveness. This relation supports the design process of a fabric, with balance
between its costs and its target shielding effectiveness.
Influencing factors analysis of tensile properties of wool yarns with different proportions of polyamide blend
Authors: PAVEL OANA IOAN , DORINA OANA , SIMONA TRIPA
Published: August 2019

This paper presents a comparative analysis of three batches of wool yarns with different fineness, twists and
compositions and the way in which these characteristics influence the tensile properties of the yarns. We performed the
tensile strength tests and the values for the following tensile characteristics were determined: breaking force, elongation
at break, tenacity and the mechanical breaking work and were made the diagrams. Stroke for strength and elongation
at break – the diagrams give us an idea on the distribution of weak sections along the yarn tested. In order to make this
analysis we used the machine USTER® TENSOJET 4. The main conclusions drawn from this analysis are following:
the breaking force of the yarns is mainly determined by the value of length density and only after that by the percentage
of polyamide and the twisting value, elongation at break is primarily influenced by the percentage of polyamide from the
yarns composition and only then by the yarns twisting degree, the toughest yarns are the ones with the smallest
fineness, the mechanical work created when stretching the yarns depends mainly by the percentage of polyamide from
the yarns composition, by the yarns fineness and only then by their twisting.
Quality of the household ozone laundering
Authors: BRANKO NERAL
Published: August 2019

Different household laundering procedures were investigated in this research. After performing classical and with ozone
combined procedures, the primary and secondary laundering effects were evaluated, as washing performance, soil
removal efficiency, dimensional change, decrease in breaking strength, incineration residue and colour characteristics.
The end results indicate that household ozone laundering provides higher laundering quality compared to the classical
procedure, and ensures reduction of water and energy consumption.
Economic and IT determinants of innovative projects in the textiles, wearing
apparel, leather and related products industry
Authors: CEZAR-PETRE SIMION , ADRIANA ALEXANDRU , SEBASTIAN ION CEPTUREANU , EDUARD GABRIEL CEPTUREANU
Published: August 2019

In this paper the main factors that influence the innovative projects in the field of textiles, wearing apparel, leather and
related products were identified and analyzed. Eleven potential factors influencing innovative projects have been
considered and the correlation analysis has identified the two factors that have a major influence on innovative projects
in the field: volume index of production in European Union for NACE codes 13-15 and exports value for textiles, wearing
apparel, leather and related products. The research has shown that the scale of innovative projects in textiles, clothing,
leather and related products depends on European Union production and on global demand.
Evaluating compressive behavior of general fibrous assemblies
Authors: JING HUI , YU WEIDONG
Published: August 2019

General fibrous assemblies are made of loose fibers and air filling in the pores formed by these fibers. An important
characteristic of these assemblies is their mechanical behavior under compression and release. In this paper, a unified
and systematic experimental investigation was used to quantify and characterize the compressional and recovery
behavior of several randomly oriented fibrous assemblies via mechanical and conductive in situ integrated measurement
system. An attempt was made to characterize the curves of force, modulus, work and energy loss during compressional
and recovery cycles. Considerable hysteresis occurred between the compression and release operations which is an
evidence for the existence of fiber slippage and frictional effects. Work, energy loss and recovery rate of work turned
out to have a nonlinear exponential relationship with cycles.
Comfort properties of nano-filament polyester fabrics: thermo-physiological evaluation
Authors: MUSADDAQ AZEEM , LUBOS HES , JAKUB WIENER , MUHAMMAD TAYYAB NOMAN , AZAM ALI , TARIQ MANSOOR
Published: August 2019

Comfort along with the aesthetic properties of textile clothing in activewear and sportswear are utmost worthwhile for
costumer demand as latest trends. Different types of fibers and yarns are being used to improve the moisture
management and comfort of the fabric for next to skin. Nowadays, multifilaments or nano-filaments of polyester with
diameters in the range of a few nanometers and lengths up to kilometers are used in different range of important
technological applications such as functional fabrics, biomedicine, composite, etc. Multifilament polyester yarns are
made by aggregating many continuous filaments together characterized by their high tenacity and large surface area
per unit mass. The nano-filament yarn has also significant effects on thermal comfort properties as a nano-filament fabric
has less thermal conductivity than cotton fabric, but equal to multichannel polyester fabric while nano-filament fabrics
gave the cool feelings with higher thermal absorptivity. Moreover,coolmax fabric showed the higher value of thermal
resistance as compared to nano-filament fabrics. Nano-filament fabrics exhibited higher value of watervaporpermeability
than cotton fabric.
Application of Taguchi method to investigate the effect of temperature,
heating time, concentration and particle size on improved gel spinning
process of UHMWPE
Authors: ABDUL WAQAR RAJPUT , BILAL ZAHID , HAFSA JAMSHAID , USMAN ALI , AMIR ABBAS , RAJA FAHAD QURESHI
Published: August 2019

In this research UHMWPE filaments were extruded utilising newly developed terpene based gel spinning process.
Taguchi’s fractional factorial experimental design was implemented to study the impact of different factors on the tenacity
of the fibres. Extruded filaments were characterized by taking filament tenacity as response. The extrusion was carried
out utilising terpene base gel spinning process developed by the author reported previously, which uses environmentally
friendly terpene (orange oil) instead of petrochemicals used in the conventional extrusion of UHMWPE. Four selected
processing parameters were used and their effect on the tenacity of resultant filaments was assessed using standard
statistical methods. It was found that the concentration and heating time exerts significant effect on the tenacity of
filaments. In addition, interaction between concentration and particle size, temperature and concentration, heating time
and concentration indicated major effect on the response.
Investigation of antibacterial properties of wool fabrics dyed with pine cones
Authors: M. İBRAHIM BAHTİYARİ , FAZLIHAN YILMAZ
Published: August 2019

Fashion and color are the foreground of the case in the first stage of the selection of textile products. That is why coloring
in textiles has a great appeal. In particular, natural dyeing, which has caught up with new trends in recent times, has
gained importance in this regard. In this study, pine cones were used in dyeing of wool fabrics with the help of five
different mordanting agent and also mordant-free dyeings were performed too. Besides, wool fabrics dyed with pine
cones have been evaluated in terms of light and washing fastnesses. It was found that different colors and shades can
be obtained with the use of different mordanting agents and finally it was observed that pine cones can be used as a
natural dye source. Moreover the antibacterial efficiencies of the dyed samples were investigated to see the effect of
the used natural dye source and the mordanting agents. It was seen that the dyed samples have different antibacterial
properties depending on the used mordanting agent and the bacteria tested on.
Insulation materials for buildings – a successful research & development
collaboration for the Romanian wool fibres manufacturing
Authors: PYERINA-CARMEN GHIȚULEASA , CEZAR BULACU , EFTALEA CARPUS , ANA ENCIU , ANGELA DOROGAN , EMILIA VISILEANU
Published: August 2019

Having in view the sustainable development context, the textile sector represents a strong pillar of the Romanian
manufacturing industry, which is able to contribute to the valorization of natural indigenous raw materials. The paper
presents economic aspects in the base of the results obtained through developing/ implementing a research project
financed by the National Sectorial Program, coordinated by the Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation, aiming
to establish strategic solutions for capitalization of Romanian coarse wool fibers. There are emphasized the project’s
results obtained by the collaboration of three important actors from research activity and economic environment: the
National Research and Development Institute for Textiles and Leather – INCDTP Bucharest, the only R&D Institute in
Romania, SC MINET SA Company, Râmnicu Vâlcea county – a representative manufacturing company for nonwoven
materials and the Research Institute for Sheep and Goats Breeding, Palas, Constanța county, partners in the consortium
coordinated by the National Research and Development Institute in Constructions, Urban Planning and Sustainable
Spatial Development URBAN-INCERC Bucharest.
Multifunctional finishing treatments applied on textiles for protection
of emergency personnel
Authors: DOINA TOMA , CHIRILA LAURA , ALINA POPESCU , CORINA CHIRILA , OVIDIU Iordache
Published: August 2019

The paper presents the results of the researches carried out for obtaining multifunctional textile materials with multiple
effects, by means of superior finishing techniques, using functional chemicals in the form of aqueous dispersions. It has
been studied the possibility of combining treatment with dispersions with photocatalytic and antibacterial effects with a
hydrophobic/oleophobic treatment that simultaneously provides both sustainable photocatalytic and antibacterial effect
as well as hydrophobic/oleophobic effect within satisfactory limits for all these effects. The results of the laboratory
evaluations performed on 50% cotton and 50% functionalised HT polyamide textile fabrics showed that
hydrophobization treatment with fluoropolymer dispersions can be combined with the treatment with titanium dioxide
photocalatytic dispersions or silver chloride and titanium dioxide dispersions to obtain multiple photocatalytic,
antibacterial and hydrophobic/ oleophobic effects without diminishing the functionalization effects that would have been
achieved by individual treatments