bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adsorption properties of nickel-based magnetic activated carbon prepared by Pd-free electroless plating
Authors: Jia Boyang , Su Ling , Han Guangqian , Wang Guangping , Zhang Jian , Wang Lijuan
Published: May 2021

Nickel-based magnetic activated carbon was synthesized from coconut shell activated carbon by electroless plating with palladium-free activation. The effect of plating solution volume on metallic ratio and adsorption capacity were evaluated. The effect of metallic ratio on specific area, pore volume, and magnetic properties were investigated. The morphologies of activated carbon before and after plating were observed by SEM, and the composition of the layer was analyzed by EDS analysis. The results showed that the metallic ratio was increased with the increase of the plating solution volume. The magnetic activated carbon showed high adsorption capacity for methylene blue and a high iodine number. Those values reached 142.5 mg/g and 1035 mg/g, respectively. The specific area and pore volume decreased from 943 m2/g to 859 m2/g and 0.462 ml/g to 0.417 ml/g, respectively. And the layer was more compact and continuous when the metallic ratio reached 16.37 wt.%. In the layer, there was about 97 wt.% nickel and 3 wt.% phosphorus, which indicates that the layer was a low-phosphorus one. At the same time, magnetism was enhanced, making the product suitable for some special applications.
Preparation and properties of starch-based biopolymers modified with difunctional isocyanates
Authors: Belhassen Ramzi , Vilaseca Fabiola , Mutjé Pere , Boufi Sami
Published: May 2021

The present work reports on the preparation of thermoplastic starch (TPS) modified in situ with a diisocyanate derivative. Evidence of the condensation reaction between the hydroxyl groups of starch and glycerol with the isocyanate function (NCO) was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The evolution of the properties of the ensuing TPS, in term of mechanical properties, microstructure, and water sensitivity, was investigated using tensile mechanical, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and water uptake. The results showed that the addition of isocyanate did not affect the crystallinity of the TPS and slightly reduced the water uptake of the material. The evolution of the mechanical properties with ageing became less pronounced by the addition of the isocyanate as their amount exceeded 4 to 6wt%.
From the Urals to the Carpathians
Authors:   M.P. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation, Latysh I.K.
Published: May 2021

The book contains a biography of the oldest geologist in Ukraine. His homeland is the Chernihiv region, he lived in the Urals for about 30 years, worked and studied. The author was a participant in the Great Patriotic War as a tank crewman, fought in battles from Smolensk to Vienna (Austria). Since the 1960s he’s again been living in Ukraine. His biography reflects almost the entire Soviet era. The chapters of the book are imperceptibly interconnected by the original presentation of the material. Special attention is paid to the geology and mineralogy of deposits and ore occurrences of precious metals of the Urals, as well as the Carpathians and other regions of Ukraine.
The Lunar Odyssey
Authors:   Main Astronomical Observatory of NASU, Yatskiv Ya.S.
Published: May 2021

“The Lunar Odyssey” collection presents scientific and popular science works of Ukrainian astronomers about the Moon, a natural satellite of the Earth. The collection consists of five parts devoted to some topical issues of the study of the Moon, including the prospects for the use of its natural resources and the construction of space bases and scientific complexes on its surface. “The Lunar Odyssey” collection is intended for a wide range of readers.
Geology and Us
Authors:   M.P. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation, Latysh I.K. , Padalka I.A. ,   M.P. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation
Published: May 2021

Information on the geological structure and minerals of Ukraine and the world, the history of geological science in Ukraine, human activity as a geological factor is presented in popular science style. The book is for schoolchildren, students, teachers, and anyone interested in geology.
The Era of “isms”: Modernism and Avantgarde in Western European Literature of the First Half of the XX Century
Authors:   Shevchenko Institute of Literature of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Voloshchuk Yevgeniya , Bigun Boris ,   Shevchenko Institute of Literature of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: May 2021

The book by Ye.V. Voloshchuk and B.Ya. Bigun “The Era of “isms”: Modernism and Avantgarde in Western European Literature of the First Half of the XX Century” highlights the basic theoretical and historical-literary issues of contemporary modernism studies, as well as a number of literary portraits of classics of modernism and avantgarde. Reviews of artistic practice of artists are supplemented by the analysis of some of their works, which are included in the literary canon of the XX century. The publication is intended for students of philological faculties, masters, graduate students, teachers, as well as anyone interested in world literature of the XX century.
Land use and spatial justice in Latin American countries: lessons for Ukraine
Authors:   State Institution ", Borodina Olena ,   Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine", Mikhailenko Oksana ,   State Institution "Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine", Fraer Oleksiy ,   State Institution "Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine"
Published: May 2021

The article summarizes the experience of Latin American countries in the field of transforming land relations from the point of view of social justice, forming the necessary space for the livelihood of peasants, ensuring their economic sovereignty and so on. It has been proved that free access to the land resources and control over them largely determine the overall potential of the development of rural areas and the social development of the country as a whole. Studies have revealed persistent trends towards biased land distribution in the Global South and over-concentration in the hands of dominant groups and large agricultural enterprises. It has a strong destructive effect on the overall development of the countries in the region and is reflected in unequal spatial development, systematic infringement of the rights of peasants, limiting employment growth, spreading poverty, destruction of social cohesion, destabilization of food systems at the local, national and global levels, emergence of armed conflicts, etc. The general threats of changes in land tenure and use in Ukraine related to the tendency to redistribute land resources in favor of the corporate sector, land over-concentration and landlessness of peasants are outlined; a number of factors contributing to the unbalanced distribution of land were identified, and the necessity of including the lessons of Latin American countries in the future social development of Ukraine, in the long term is substantiated.
The impact of the development of manufacturing on economic growth: the experience of Uzbekistan
Authors:   Institute of Forecasting and Macroeconomic Research under the Ministry of Economic Development and Poverty Reduction of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Mukhsimova Dilafruz
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the assessment of the impact of the development of manufacturing on economic growth in developing countries, in particular, the Republic of Uzbekistan. Conclusions for Uzbekistan take into account the peculiarities of the implementation of the Program for Localization of the Production of Finished Products, Components and Materials. To perform the estimates, a regression model was constructed to determine the impact of the factors of sustainable economic growth on per capita GDP (in US dollars of 2010), which indicator is used in the model as a dependent variable characterizing sustainable development. Factors of economic growth are substantiated with the use of well-known theoretical approaches and empirical data. The article presents a cross-country analysis of economic growth indicators in developing countries, which allowed to form a sufficient sample of data for estimates. The article evaluates the impact of the diversification factor on economic growth indicators, analyzes the relationship between the indicators of processing industry development and economic growth. The connection between the volatility of economic growth and the development of the processing industry is demonstrated, as well as a comparative analysis of different types of economic diversification in the developing countries selected for this study. Using correlation and regression analysis, the impact on economic growth of such factors as R&D expenditures, human capital, trade openness, the share of manufacturing in GDP, and employment in industry was analyzed in detail. Based on the author's study of the impact of these factors on economic development, the recommendations have been developed for developing countries, including Uzbekistan.
Effect of the thermal and gas-dynamic properties of solid rocket propellant particles on the propellant combustion rate
Authors:   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Kozin V.S.
Published: May 2021

The aim of this work is to eliminate the explosion possibility of a rocket engine that operates on a fast-burning solid propellant. The problem is considered by analogy with experiments conducted earlier. Various ways to increase the propellant combustion rate are presented. Examples of how the solid propellant combustion rate depends on the metal fuel and the oxidizer particle size are given. It is shown that unstable combustion of a solid propellant at high combustion chamber pressures is due to unstable combustion of the gas phase in the vicinity of the bifurcation point. Zeldovich’s theory of nonstationary powder combustion is applied to analyzing the explosion dynamics of the Hrim-2 missile’s solid-propellant sustainer engine. This method of analysis has not been used before. The suggested version that this phenomenon is related to the aluminum particle size allows one to increase the combustion rate in the combustion chamber of a liquid-propellant engine, thus avoiding the vicinity of the bifurcation point. The combustion of solid propellants differing in aluminum particle size is considered. The metal fuel and the oxidizer particle sizes most optimal in terms of explosion elimination are determined and substantiated. The use of submicron aluminum enhances the evaporation of ammonium perchlorate due to the infrared radiation of aluminum particles heated to an appropriate radiation temperature. This increases the gas inflow into the charge channel, thus impeding the suppression of ammonium perchlorate sublimation by a high pressure, which is important in the case where the engine body materials cannot withstand a high pressure in the charge channel. This increases the stability and rate of solid propellant combustion. It is shown that the Hrim-2 missile’s solid propellant cannot be used in the Hran missile. The combustion rate is suggested to be increased by using fine-dispersed aluminum in the solid propellant.
Interprobe distance error compensation in probe measurements of mechanical displacement
Authors:   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Pylypenko O.V. , Doronin O.V. ,   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Gorev N.B. ,   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Kodzhespirova I.F. ,   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine
Published: May 2021

Probe measurements of the displacement of mechanical objects by microwave interferometry are highly attractive in terms of hardware implementation simplicity. At present, the commonly used interprobe distance is one eighth of the guided operating wavelength. Implementing this interprobe distance with a high degree of accuracy may be a challenge, especially in the millimeter-wave band. However, probe methods that use an arbitrary interprobe distance are reported in the literature too. Because of this, the problem may be reduced to determining the actual interprobe distance. This paper presents a simple method for the determination of the actual interprobe distance by electrical measurements with the use of a short-circuiting piston. In this method, the interprobe distance is extracted from the currents of the semiconductor detectors connected to the probes. First, the short-circuiting piston is positioned so that the current of the probe that is farther from piston (the far probe) is a maximum, and the current of the probe that is closer to the piston (the near probe) is measured. Then the short-circuiting piston is moved away from the probes until the current of the far probe becomes equal to the half-sum of its maximum and minimum values, and the current of the near probe is measured again. From these measurements, trigonometric functions whose argument includes the ratio of the interprobe distance to the guided operating wavelength are found. The interprobe distance can be determined unambiguously from these trigonometric functions provided that the interprobe distance accuracy is within one fourth of the guided operating wavelength, which is usually met in actual practice. The method may be used in the manufacturing of microwave displacement sensors.
The mound-building mouse (Mus spicilegus) in Western Podillia: expansion on the left bank of the Dnister
Authors:   Dnistrovsky Canyon National Nature Park (Zalischyky, Ukraine), Vikyrchak Oleksandr
Published: May 2021

New findings of the mound-building mouse on the left bank of the Dniester in the interfluve of its tributaries—the Dzhuryn and the Nichlava (Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast)—are described. The presence of Mus spicilegus was established based on findings of food stocks common for this species in the form of mounds, which are easy to detect in the field and which can be clearly diagnosed. Both single mounds and their clusters were taken into account. The specifics of biotopic distribution, formation of food reserves, and the role in trophic chains of this species under conditions of the studied region are indicated. The mound-building mouse is one of the few rodent species that maintain a high abundance under conditions of intensive agriculture, which involves mechanical tillage several times a year and a significant level of chemical use. The distribution of the studied species is influenced primarily by two factors: the level of agricultural techniques in agricultural production (arable farming and crop care, quality of harvesting) and the distance from uncultivated areas. The mound-building mouse usually inhabits agricultural lands with a low level of agriculture (minimal chemicalization and mechanical tillage). These are lands allocated for private gardening or farming. Such lands have increased weeds and crop losses during harvesting, which creates a rich food base. After harvesting, such lands usually do not undergo long-term tillage. Results show that the settlement of arable lands comes from natural or other uncultivated areas, where the nuclei of populations are concentrated. In autumn, under the above favourable conditions, population growth is observed in adjacent cultivated lands, where winter food reserves are formed in the form of characteristic mounds. On large-area crops of monocultures cultivated by large agricultural firms, mounds are usually absent. The level of agro-technical pressure on the same area varies from year to year. This causes temporary instability in the appearance of mounds. They disappear where anthropogenic impact has re-emerged significantly and re-appear where there has been a weakening. The role of the mound-building mouse in trophic chains and in maintaining regional biodiversity is shown.
Distribution and variation of mice of the Sylvaemus microps & uralensis group in Eastern Europe: fragmentation and clines
Authors:   National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Zagorodniuk Igor
Published: May 2021

The species names Sylvaemus microps and Sylvaemus uralensis are markers of the two key stages in the recognition of the taxonomic heterogeneity of Sylvaemus sylvaticus (s. str.), to which they have long been included. The first was described in 1952 from Central Europe, while the second 140 years earlier (1818) from the Southern Urals. Both taxa have undergone a complicated taxonomic history and are now considered conspecific. However, there are some gaps between them, in particular geographic ones. They are considered here as two groups of populations: a western (microps) and an eastern (uralensis). The taxonomic history of wood mice of the group Apodemus microps & Sylvaemus uralensis and the history of increase in knowledge on their distribution are considered. An analysis of geographic variability of key diagnostic characters of the species was carried out, which revealed a quite well-expressed morphological homogeneity. Within the Western Palearctic populations, there is a clear clinal variation from relatively large southern and eastern to small northern and western forms. Geographic range analysis shows the presence of several relatively isolated fragments of the range, including a clear gap between the western forms of the microps group (Central Europe, the Balkans, and the Western Carpathians region) and the eastern forms of the uralensis group (from the Dnipro region and Baltic states to the Urals, including the Caucasus and Asia Minor). Proposals to recognise the specific level of differentiation between the northern and southern forms seem far too hypothetical, as well as the idea to assign the Caucasian form (ciscaucasicus) to the Central European microps and the Crimean form (baessleri) to the Upper Volga mosquensis. In general, the available data indicate differences between the western and eastern forms of Sylvaemus uralensis. Detailed information on marginal records of the two groups of populations is given, including the easternmost (essentially north-eastern) findings of the microps group and the westernmost findings of the uralensis group. There is a significant geographic gap between these two forms covering the entire area of Volyn, Podillia, Western and Central Polissia, but narrowing to the south, towards the Black Sea. Connection between the two range fragments may exist in the south, but the available and verified data essentially show a gap across the interfluve between the Dnister and Tyligul rivers.
Detection of secretive mammal species by methods of lepidopterological field research
Authors:   Institute of Ecology of the Carpathians, NAS of Ukraine (Lviv, Ukraine), Geryak Yurii , Khalaim Evgen ,   Tuzly Lagoons National Nature Park (Tatarbunary, Odesa Oblast, Ukraine)
Published: May 2021

Information is given on observations of a number of mammalian species with secretive lifestyle and nocturnal activity, including dormice, made during field lepidopterological research. The use of artificial light and aromatic scents in entomological research is one of the most effective methods for obtaining rich and diverse ecological and faunal information. In addition to scale insects, many other invertebrates, primarily insects, are attracted to light and bait. At the same time, large clusters of invertebrates that flock in masse and converge on light and bait, as readily available food attract a number of mammals with nocturnal activity, mostly insectivores (Soriciformes), bats (Vespertilioniformes), and rodents (Muriformes). A number of species that are rare and lead a hidden way of life are attracted to artificial light and aromatic scents, including species of the dormice family (Gliridae) such as the edible, forest, and hazel dormice. The latter are obviously attracted to the light by the insects. Instead, in case of the use of baits, for edible dormice and yellow-necked wood mice, probably the aroma and taste of the bait is what attracts them, because they were repeatedly seem feeding on the bait. At the same time, bright sources of artificial light are obviously of interest to other mammals. In particular, in this way were noted: hare, fox, European roe deer, and wild boar, as well as such rare mammals as lynx, wild cat, great jerboa, and thick-tailed three-toed jerboa. Based on such observations, as an example, a small overview of new findings of the forest dormouse is given, in particular in areas where this rodent species has not been recorded before or it was observed very infrequently. The authors noted this species on traps for scale insects in the highlands of the Ukrainian Carpathians (Chornohora ridge) and in the Northern Black Sea coast, within Odesa Oblast. Thus, standard methods of collecting field material often used in lepidopterological research, such as attracting by artificial light and aromatic scents, can be quite effective for detecting a number of mammal species of different taxonomic groups, including nocturnal mammals.
Renovando los supuestos de la cohesión social ¿cómo se construye?
Authors: Martínez Betancourt Elaine , Neira Milian José Ramón
Published: May 2021

El artículo examina el discurso teórico de la cohesión social como parte de la producción existente en la literatura sociológica, clásica y contemporánea. Tiene por objetivo argumentar los supuestos que definen a la cohesión como construcción histórico-social propia de sociedades que apuestan por un futuro mejor. Se parte de las emergencias epistemológicas surgidas del Modelo Social Europeo y del sentido otorgado por la retórica latinoamericana para orientar –asumiendo una definición de referencia–, la introspección temática de lo que acontece en dicho contexto. Se enfatiza en la emergente redificación teórica de la cohesión para asentar otros matices que permitan asomar la pertinencia de la añeja pregunta sobre cómo se recompone el lazo social. Por tanto, se valora la posibilidad de desacoplarse de los enfoques teóricos consabidos y renovarlos con aquellos que asumen las formas (otras) de interacción social derivadas de las condiciones, premisas y objetivos concretos, propios de las estrategias nacionales de desarrollo.
Pathophysiological mechanisms of development of epilepsy and special features of epileptogenesis in the immature brain
Authors:   SI «Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», Kyiv, Martyniuk V.Yu. , Znamenska T.K. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Shveikina V.B. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of neonatology and pediatric neurology — seizures in newborns and young children. The work analyzes the scientific literature on the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of the epileptic process, which is based on the anatomical and physiological mechanisms of the functioning of brain cells, in particular, in newborns and young children. New pathophysiological data on the increased excitability of the developing brain are described. It has been shown that the implementation of the mechanism of increased excitability of the fetal brain may be due to the peculiarities of the functioning of NMDA, AMPA, kainate receptors, and the peculiarities of the localization of ion channels in different brain structures. The paradoxical (exciting, depolarizing) role of gamma-aminobutyric acid, which is due to the peculiarities of the activation of chlorine co-transporters, is emphasized. The features of the epileptic process in newborns and young children have been determined. The reasons for the development of seizures in newborns are emphasized. The classification and clinical phenotypes of neonatal seizures are considered. It is emphasized that the convulsions in newborns rarely have a deployed clinical picture and are often represented by abortive or focal seizures, which is associated with the ontogenetic features of the fetal brain, namely: incomplete by the time of the birth of a cortical-neural organization, synaptogenesis and myelination of its structures, insufficiency of the development of commulectral intermetrous bonds , uneven representation in the cortex of ion channels with a relatively well-formed limbico-reticular system and its bond with a brain barrel. It was noted that despite various clinical manifestations, the newborn has four main types of seizures: subtitle (erased, abortive, fragmentary), tonic, clonic and myocloniс. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: newborn, brain, pathophysiology, seizures, epilepsy, review.
Developmental aspects in models of behaviour and education
Authors:   Prof. PhDr., Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia, Potočárová Mária
Published: May 2021

The article points out the link between the evolutionary conditioned human personality development and their upbringing. Basing on this theoretical context can be derived the definition of relational bonding, behavioral relationships, especially in the early childhood, as well as other patterns of behavior during individual (human) development. The models of behavioral patterns are demonstrated in both negative and positive forms in the adolescent youth. Although high importance is assigned to the socializing influence in the adolescent age, the innate natural relations of the development and evolutionary determined specific signs of relational bonding play a significant role in this period of the human development. The undesirable formulas and various forms of problem behavior must then be solved through the reeducational upbringing processes, in particular using the interacting in the educational process, communication, "relational" education and cultivating personality formation. The goal of the education is the development and integrity of the personality.
Aktywność kulturalno-oświatowa Stowarzyszenia Katolickiej Młodzieży Rękodzielniczej „Skała” we Lwowie (1856–1914)
Authors:   Dr hab. prof. UJD, Uniwersytet Humanistyczno-Przyrodniczy w Częstochowie, Polska, Rędziński Kazimierz
Published: May 2021

In the times of the Partitions, the Austrian authorities permitted, in the year 1856, that a Polish association of craftsmen combining mutual aid with cultural and educational activity be established. Within the scope of the activity of 'Skała', two periods are distinguished: paternalistic, until the year 1889, and also democratised, after making changes in the articles of association in this latter year. In the first period of its activity, only be craftsman apprentices being bachelors enjoyed the right to become the full members, and women were not permitted to join the Association. The members of it had no say in the aspect of electing the governing bodies, or the decisions made by them. The reason for that fact was that the organisation was more like a brotherhood of people sharing the same religious convictions. Making changes in the articles of association in the year 1889 introduced the democratic rules of functioning the Association. Since that time on, anyone who was a male follower of catholic faith, be it a cratfsman or an industrialist, was permitted to join it. All the authorities of the organisation were elected. The objective of the Association was to educate catholic youths, nurturing religious spirit among them and educating them to become good craftsmen. The leading forms of the activity were general and vocational further training. The cultural sphere included the activity of own groups of artists: a choir, an orchestra and a theatre ensemble. A significant role in Polish patriotic upbringing was that played by the celebrations of national anniversaries: the Constitution of the Third of May, the national uprisings and the Polish-Lithuanian Union. The means of attaining this objective was also literary soirées dedicated to poets and writers having merits for Polish nation: Adam Mickiewicz, Kornel Ujejski, Józef Ignacy Kraszewski and Henryk Sienkiewicz.
Geodesic mappings of compact quasi-Einstein spaces, II
Authors: Kiosak V. , Savchenko A. , Latysh O.
Published: May 2021

The paper treats geodesic mappings of quasi-Einstein spaces with gradient defining vector.

Previously the authors defined three types of these spaces.
In the present paper it is proved that there are no quasi-Einstein spaces of special type.
It is demonstrated that quasi-Einstein spaces of main type are closed with respect to geodesic mappings.
The spaces of particular type are proved to be geodesic $D$-symmetric spaces.
Avaliação da eficiência de diferentes formas de controle da queima das folhas do inhame causada por Curvularia eragrostides
Authors: Carvalho Valdeir Nunes , Amorim Edna Peixoto da Rocha , Peixinho Georgia de Souza
Published: May 2021

RESUMO A queima das folhas do inhame, causada por Curvularia eragrostides pode comprometer a produção do inhame (Dioscorea spp.), uma cultura de extrema importância para a região Nordeste do Brasil. O uso de produtos naturais vem sendo utilizados com eficiência no controle de doenças de plantas por sua ação fungitóxica ou pela presença de compostos eliciadores, reduzindo o uso de defensivos agrícolas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes formas de controle da queima das folhas do inhame causado por C. eragrostides. Foi analisada a esporulação de C. eragrostides em placas de Petri contendo meio BDA com os seguintes produtos: manipueira (40 %); óleo de hortelã (100 μL/mL), extratos de alho, e de melão de São Caetano, folha de inhame (20 %), Ecolife® (2 %); Trichoderma sp. (2,0 g. L-1); acibenzolar-S-metil (0,15 g. L-1 e 0,3 g. L-1), separadamente. A testemunha foi placa com meio BDA sem adição de produto. A avaliação do efeito preventivo dos produtos in vivo, sobre o desenvolvimento da doença foi realizada com tratamentos selecionados no ensaio in vitro. Nesse ensaio in vivo as plantas de inhame cv. Da Costa, com 45 dias de idade foram pulverizadas 48 e 72 h antes da inoculação do patógeno com óleo de hortelã (100 μL), extratos de alho e de folhas de inhame (20%); Trichoderma sp. (2,0 g.L-1); ASM (0,15 e 0,3 g L-1) e água (testemunha). Os produtos naturais inibiram a esporulação de C. eragrostides. O fungo Trichoderma sp., óleo de hortelã e ASM 0,3 foram eficientes em reduzirem a severidade da queima das folhas de inhame. O tempo de inoculação influenciou a severidade da doença, de acordo com o produto testado. Trichoderma sp. foi o tratamento que mais reduziu a severidade da doença (51%), sendo este, o tratamento podendo ser recomendado para integrar as táticas de manejo da queima das folhas do inhame.
Biologia e patogenicidade de Prillieuxina winteriana em pomares de gravioleira na Bahia
Authors: Caliman Mateus Endringer , Silva Delmira da Costa , Pereira Jadergudson , Bezerra José Luiz
Published: May 2021

RESUMO Em áreas de plantio de gravioleira (Annona muricata) em seis municípios no estado da Bahia, observou-se o morfo assexual do fungo Prillieuxina winteriana, que causa manchas foliares e queda prematura de folhas, sendo um importante patógeno para a cultura, sendo realizadas coletas de folhas infectadas para estudo além do exame de espécimes do fungo depositados no Herbário URM. A aplicação dos Postulados de Koch possibilitou a confirmação da patogenicidade dos espécimes coletados in loco de P. winteriana a A. muricata, sendo os testes conduzidos em casa de vegetação e campo, onde o tempo decorrido desde a infecção das folhas até a formação de estruturas reprodutivas foi de aproximadamente quatro meses. A caracterização morfológica e histopatológica foi feita com o auxílio de microscópios ótico e eletrônico. Testes histoquímicos nas folhas infetadas mostraram haver acúmulo de proteínas, de compostos fenólicos e de alcaloides nos tecidos.
Biocontrole da antracnose em frutos de mamoeiro por bactérias epifíticas formadoras de biofilme
Authors: Santos Laryssa Andrade da Luz , Pinheiro Luciano Ricardo Braga , Rocha Leandro de Souza , Bragança Carlos Augusto Dórea , Silva Harllen Sandro Alves
Published: May 2021

RESUMO A fim de se obter agentes de biocontrole para controle da antracnose em frutos de mamão em pós-colheita, buscou-se: i) selecionar bactérias epifíticas de mamoeiro antagonistas a Colletotrichum brevisporum pela produção de compostos antimicrobianos difusíveis e voláteis, quitinase e inibição da germinação de conídios; ii) quantificar a produção de biofilme pelos isolados selecionados; iii) obter uma concentração de bactérias que proporcionasse o controle da antracnose em discos de frutos; iv) avaliar a redução da severidade da doença em frutos de mamão. De 224 bactérias, 74 exibiram um mecanismo de ação contra o patógeno, 13 isolados dois mecanismos, quatro apresentaram três, e uma bactéria exibiu todos. Mediante a verificação da compatibilidade entre antagonistas, e a quantificação da formação de biofiolme, estabeleceram-se cinco “Mix” compostos por quatro isolados bacterianos. Em discos de frutos as bactérias foram avaliadas nas concentrações 106, 107 e 108 UFC mL-1. À exceção do Mix 2, os demais reduziram significativamente a antracnose nos discos quando comparados ao controle. Os “Mix” 1, 3, 5, na concentração 108 UFC mL-1 exibiram melhor desempenho reduzindo a doença em até 75 %, 89,78 % e 90,8 %, respectivamente. Os Mix 3 e 5, na concentração de 108 UFC mL-1, foram avaliados em frutos juntamente com o fungicida sintético Piraclostrobina. Não se verificou diferença significativa entre os Mix e o fungicida, que atingiu níveis de redução da doença superiores a 97 %, e as combinações com 98 %, frente ao controle não tratado.
Dinâmica espacial da murcha-de-ceratocystis em Khaya senegalensis A. Juss
Authors: Benso Lucas Antonio , Pieroni Lisandro de Proença , Kurokawa Sara Yumi Sassamoto , Ciriello Valeria , Pieri Cristiane de , Flechtmann Carlos Alberto Hector , Jesus Junior Waldir Cintra de , Furtado Edson Luiz
Published: May 2021

RESUMO O gênero Khaya engloba importantes espécies florestais produtoras de madeira, cujo lenho é utilizado principalmente na indústria moveleira e na construção civil. Dentre os membros desse gênero, Khaya senegalensis é uma das espécies mais cultivadas no Brasil. A murcha-de-ceratocystis está entre as principais doenças dessa cultura, se tornando limitante caso não manejada adequadamente. Até o momento não foram conduzidos estudos epidemiológicos envolvendo essa patologia em K. senegalensis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a disseminação da murcha-de-ceratocystis em K. senegalensis, por meio da técnica de Análise da Dinâmica e Estrutura de Focos (ADEF) e do Índice de Dispersão (ID). Instalou-se três parcelas com 540 indivíduos cada no interior de um talhão puro dessa espécie florestal. A quantificação da doença foi realizada anualmente de 2016 a 2018, sendo elaborados mapas de dispersão das plantas doentes, os quais serviram de base para as análises. Pela ADEF, observou-se o padrão agregado em todas as parcelas e anos avaliados, com focos apresentando crescimento isodiamétrico. No entanto, pela técnica do ID, o padrão variou entre ao acaso e agregado, em função do tamanho do quadrat utilizado na análise. Pelo tamanho dos focos observados na área experimental, recomendou-se o uso de quadrats maiores no ID, que indicaram um padrão agregado na maior parte das parcelas. Pôde-se concluir que no patossistema estudado houve tendência a agregação das plantas doentes, com uma provável participação da ferramenta de poda no processo de disseminação e/ou infecção pelo agente causal.
La différence phénoménologique selon Barbaras et Marion (Projet, méthode et ligne de tension)
Authors: Pommier Eric
Published: May 2021

Résumé Cet article se propose de proposer les conditions d’une confrontation entre la phénoménologie de la donation de Jean-Luc Marion et l’ontologie de la vie de Renaud Barbaras. Cela suppose d’établir un certain plan de convergence à propos du projet d’une description de l’apparaître pur, de la méthode et de la conception “événementiale” du phénomène et du sujet afin de faire valoir une divergence quant à la question de la naissance transcendantale du sujet.
Liberdade democrática como desenvolvimento de si, resistência à opressão e à injustiça epistêmica
Authors: Dalaqua Gustavo Hessmann
Published: May 2021

Resumo O artigo busca elaborar um conceito de liberdade democrática como desenvolvimento de si, resistência à opressão e à injustiça epistêmica, mediante engajamento crítico com as obras de Paulo Freire, Amílcar Cabral e Augusto Boal. No pensamento dos três autores, democracia, liberdade e desenvolvimento de si constituem uma tríade de mútua influência, de sorte que o pleno exercício de quaisquer desses itens é impossível, na ausência de qualquer um dos outros dois. Trata-se de mostrar, ademais, a maneira pela qual a opressão é compreendida nos trabalhos dos três pensadores como o oposto da liberdade, e a injustiça epistêmica, como uma dimensão psíquica da opressão.
Morte impune, luto proibido: vida nua e vida precária em Giorgio Agamben e Judith Butler
Authors: Silva Reginaldo Oliveira
Published: May 2021

Resumo Giorgio Agamben tece a genealogia da “vida nua”, no percurso que vai do homo sacer ao Muselmann, do primeiro paradigma da política ocidental à fabricação do morto-vivo, em Auschwitz, como vida insacrificável e impunemente matável. Judith Butler segue argumento semelhante, ao desenvolver o conceito de “vida precária”, com o qual problematiza a separação entre vulnerabilidade universal e formas de produção da precariedade, a distinção entre vidas cujas perdas importam e as indignas de pranto e luto. A finalidade deste artigo consiste em aproximar as concepções dos dois autores, sob a hipótese de que, em ambos, trata-se da fabricação de vidas matáveis, sobre as quais pesa a proibição do luto.
Las objeciones de Gassendi a las Meditaciones metafísicas de Descartes en su contexto filosófico
Authors: Herrera-Balboa Samuel
Published: May 2021

Resumen En general la disputa entre Gassendi y Descartes ha sido tratada desde el punto de vista cartesiano y, en ese contexto, nuestro artículo se centra en la filosofía de Gassendi. Buscamos un modo para entender la lógica o la estrategia de las objeciones gassendianas, tratando de mostrar los supuestos filosóficos que operan bajo las críticas a Descartes. Junto con ello, mostraremos parte de la recepción contemporánea de la polémica y explicaremos los tópicos más problemáticos adoptados por Gassendi relativos al método y las asunciones relativas a la sustancia. Para cumplir estos objetivos, estudiaremos las objeciones de Gassendi a Descartes en las Quintas Objeciones a las Meditaciones Metafísicas y, también, en la Disquisitio metaphysica seu dubitationes et instantiae adversus Renati Cartesii metaphysicam et responsa, obra publicada por Gassendi en 1644.
Experiência de coordenação do cuidado entre médicos da atenção primária e especializada e fatores relacionados
Authors: Mendes Lívia dos Santos , Almeida Patty Fidelis de , Santos Adriano Maia dos , Samico Isabella Chagas , Porto Jéssica Prates , Vázquez María-Luisa
Published: May 2021

Resumo: O artigo analisa a coordenação da informação e da gestão clínica entre níveis assistenciais na experiência de médicos e explora fatores laborais, organizacional, de atitude frente ao trabalho e de interação relacionados. Trata-se de estudo transversal com aplicação do questionário COORDENA-BR à amostra de 64 médicos da atenção primária à saúde (APS) e 56 da atenção especializada (AE) da rede pública em um município de médio porte. Os resultados mostram limitada articulação do cuidado na Rede de Atenção à Saúde (RAS), com diferenças entre APS e AE. Não há troca de informações sobre diagnóstico, tratamento e exames. Médicos da APS concordam mais com os tratamentos indicados na AE do que o contrário, porém a repetição de exames não é frequente. Médicos da APS encaminham pacientes para AE quando necessário. A maioria dos médicos da AE não realiza encaminhamento para consulta de acompanhamento, quando necessário, e não faz orientações para a APS, que por sua vez, não esclarece dúvidas com o profissional da AE. Ambos referem longos tempos de espera para consulta especializada. Vínculos laborais temporários são mais frequentes na APS. O tempo de consulta foi considerado insuficiente para a coordenação. A maioria dos médicos não pretendia mudar de emprego, embora seja elevada a insatisfação com os salários e o trabalho. Médicos não se conhecem pessoalmente e os especialistas não identificam o médico da APS como coordenador do cuidado. Políticas e ações para a garantia de condições estruturais de melhoria do acesso, de condições de trabalho e de adaptação mútua mais favoráveis precisam ser implementadas de forma sistêmica para o conjunto dos serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde.
O CANTO DOS PÁSSAROS EGRESSOS DA LICENCIATURA EM EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO EM CIÊNCIAS DA NATUREZA DA UFRGS
Authors: DALMOLIN ANTONIO MARCOS TEIXEIRA , GARCIA ROSANE NUNES
Published: May 2021

RESUMO: A pesquisa apresentada neste artigo se estruturou a partir do seguinte problema: como a Educação do Campo dialoga com as Ciências da Natureza, na formação em nível de licenciatura, de educadores e educadoras? Os objetivos foram: a) Compreender como se estabelece o diálogo entre a Educação do Campo e as Ciências da Natureza, nas LEDOC/UFRGS, a partir das vivências relatadas pelos egressos e egressas; b) Identificar vivências dos egressos e das egressas das LEDOC/UFRGS, desenvolvidas durante o curso, a partir das entrevistas realizadas. O referencial teórico foi composto de: trabalhos relacionados à Educação do Campo, balizados pelo educador Paulo Freire e contribuições de outros autores. A investigação foi qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso, e utilizou as entrevistas semiestruturadas como instrumento de investigação. Os participantes da pesquisa foram os egressos e egressas das primeiras turmas das Licenciaturas em Educação do Campo - Ciências da Natureza, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. A técnica de análise das respostas obtidas nas entrevistas foi a Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD). Os resultados foram discutidos com base em quatro categorias que são: as marcas resultantes da formação, a alternância, a formação por área de conhecimento em Ciências da Natureza e a interdisciplinaridade. Na resposta ao problema de pesquisa, a interdisciplinaridade voltada a compreender o mundo vivido, é o elemento central que articula o diálogo entre a Educação do Campo e as Ciências da Natureza, na formação de educadoras e educadores do/no campo.
Circuitos Resistivos Simétricos: uma Abordagem Experimental
Authors: Motta L. , Santos A.C.F.
Published: May 2021

Neste trabalho apresentamos uma sequência didática experimental utilizando material de baixo custo e fácil acesso, na qual circuitos elétricos resistivos simétricos são conceituados e montados. Também é ilustrado de forma concreta o Teorema do Ponto Médio (TPM). Tal trabalho objetiva acrescentar, ao pequeno número de trabalhos experimentais envolvendo circuitos elétricos resistivos simétricos, uma proposta que aborde o assunto de forma lúdica e leve. Fazemos isso por meio do uso de lâmpadas incandescentes-halógenas como resistores, pois, nesse caso, temos um excelente indicativo visual de como a corrente elétrica está se distribuindo e, consequentemente, tem-se uma visualização direta da simetria ou não existente.
QUANDO SER MENINA É RUIM: PERCEPÇÕES DE GÊNERO EM CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Freitas Lêda Gonçalves de , Santos Benedito Rodrigues dos , Santos Luciana da Silva , Silva Eloísa Valéria da
Published: May 2021

Resumo Este artigo é um recorte da pesquisa que analisou as percepções de meninas de 6 a 14 anos sobre os aspectos que facilitam e/ou impedem o desenvolvimento de suas habilidades e a garantia de seus direitos a partir do ambiente familiar, escolar, comunitário e social. O estudo teve abordagem plurimetodológica e abrangeu as cinco regiões do Brasil. Em particular, destaca-se a percepção de meninas a partir do exame das respostas a duas questões. Observou-se que as meninas argumentam os aspectos negativos de gênero a partir de quatro grandes fatores: (a) violência sexual, (b) comportamentos e estética, (c) relação com o corpo e sexualidade e (d) responsabilidades e restrição da liberdade. Em todos eles, os discursos das meninas confirmam o quanto as relações de poder são determinantes nas concepções, representações e práticas de gênero ainda hegemônicas na sociedade.
In vitro antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts from cutaneous secretions of Amazonian amphibians against phytopathogens of agricultural interest
Authors: RAASCH-FERNANDES Livia Deice , BONALDO Solange Maria , RODRIGUES Domingos de Jesus , FERRARINI Stela Regina , VERÇOSA Ana Gabriela Araújo , OLIVEIRA Daiane Lopes de
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT The biochemical defense mechanisms of amphibians involve cutaneous secretions of bioactive molecules with antimicrobial activity. This study evaluated the in vitro activity of methanolic extracts from cutaneous secretions of two amphibian species of the Bufonidae family, Rhaebo guttatus and Rhinella marina, in the control of the phytopathogens Fusarium udum, Fusarium solani, Colletotrichum truncatum, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Calonectria pseudometrosideri. The R. guttatus extract decreased the mycelial growth of F. udum, F. solani, A. flavus, and M. phaseolina at some tested concentrations. The R. marina extract decreased the mycelial growth of C. truncatum at the concentration of 0.5 mg mL-¹, and inhibited the mycelial growth of A. flavus at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mg mL-¹, which was similar to the inhibition by the positive control. The R. marina extract also decreased the microsclerotia production by R. solani at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.3 mg mL-¹. In addition, the extracts inhibited conidial sporulation and germination at varying degrees. The inhibition of appressoria formation in C. truncatum by the R. guttatus and R. marina extracts was 85-99% and 63-100%, respectively. Our results demonstrated that treatment with extracts from R. guttatus and R. marina cutaneous secretions showed antifungal activity against the studied phytopathogens.
Degree of seed desiccation sensitivity of the Amazonian palm Oenocarpus bacaba depends on the criterion for germination
Authors: BASTOS Lydiane Lucia de Sousa , CALVI Geângelo Petene , LIMA JÚNIOR Manuel de Jesus Vieira , FERRAZ Isolde Dorothea Kossmann
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Across the seed-seedling transition, several germination criteria are used in studies of palm-seed germination. In Oenocarpus bataua, these criteria have differential tolerance to thermal stress. In this study, we evaluated the tolerance of germination criteria to seed desiccation of the congeneric Oenocarpus bacaba. We dried seeds to different moisture contents (MC) before scoring first cataphyll, second cataphyll, enclosed eophyll and expanded eophyll. Seeds without drying had 41.7% MC. Germination success reached close to 70% after 75 and 105 days, depending on the germination criterion. Safe MC was close to initial MC and all seeds were dead with MC < 26.7%. As the primordial organs of the cataphylls and the eophyll are already detectable in the palm-seed embryo, all were affected by drying. Critical MC, defined here as 50% loss of germination capacity, increased from 35.4% (first cataphyll) to 37.1% (expanded eophyll) and confirmed that, across the seed-seedling transition, more advanced germination stages had a higher sensitivity to desiccation. During germination and development, the criteria appear in sequence over several weeks. Consequently, the desiccation damage was only detectable when the last criterion was evaluated. To avoid an underestimation of damages, we suggest that seed-stress studies in palms should take into account an adequate period for seedling development, which, for O. bacaba, was 105 days until the expansion of the eophyll.