bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geoestructura de poder en el sistema político internacional: un enfoque trans-estructural
Authors: Morales Ruvalcaba Daniel , Rocha Valencia Alberto
Published: June 2022

Los Estados se relacionan entre sí dando lugar a un fenómeno mayor llamado sistema político internacional (SPI), el cual se organiza a partir de dos grandes ejes: el eje de la competencia y el eje de la cooperación. Esta investigación se enfoca en el primero, en el eje de la competencia entre los Estados, es decir, la disposición o posición mutua de las unidades estatales en el sistema a partir de la competencia. Para el análisis fueron revisados tres importantes teorías de las Relaciones Internacionales, las cuales se insertan dentro de paradigmas de pensamiento más amplios: el neorrealismo (como parte del paradigma realista), la teoría de los sistemas-mundo (como parte del paradigma neomarxista) y el institucionalismo-neoliberal (como parte del paradigma liberal). Al descomponer las variables que emplean dichas teorías, fue posible determinar que cada uno de ellos destaca ciertos elementos del poder nacional que les permiten “ponderar” a los Estados. Descubrir esto permitió cuestionar el estancamiento inter-paradigmático históricamente prevaleciente y trascenderlo. A partir de ello y con el apoyo de técnicas cuantitativas innovadoras que hicieron posible la ponderación de las múltiples dimensiones del poder reveladas por las teorías mencionadas, se elabora un nuevo modelo trans-paradigmático y trans-estructural el cual contribuye a una comprensión amplia y compleja de poder en el sistema político internacional, pues permite la visualización de la heterogeneidad y multidimensionalidad de la distribución de poder entre Estados. Esta innovadora clasificación de Estados que aquí se construye, no sólo sintetiza las especificidades de cada paradigma teórico, sino que además los articula generando un modelo que permite determinar con exactitud la posición que cada Estado ocupa en la geoestructura de poder a partir de la lectura precisa, diferenciada y compleja de sus capacidades nacionales.
El cambio geopolítico global en la era de la Posguerra Fría
Authors: Cohen Saul B.
Published: June 2022

La evolución del sistema geopolítico mundial se atiene a principios evolutivos orgánicos. El sistema es complejo. Se caracteriza por una estructura espacial jerárquica flexible, especializada e integrada. El desequilibrio global está condicionado por los cambios entre los dominios estraté-gicos y sus regiones geopolíticas. El desequilibrio refleja sobre todo las diferencias en niveles de entropía de los principales Estados nacionales, particularmente las potencias de primer y segundo orden. A medida que el poder se extiende más por el cambiante sistema mundial, el sistema está mejor preparado para hacer frente al impacto del cambio. Un sistema cambiante se refleja en la multiplicación de sus partes. El sistema adquiere mayor integración cuando estas partes se especializan más. Un ejemplo novedoso de especialización es la región “portal” (Gate-way). Europa Oriental está surgiendo como el portal que conectará los “dominios geoestratégi-cos” (Geostrategic realms) marítimos y continentales. Finalmente, el “cinturón de quiebra” (Shatterbelt) de Oriente Medio puede asimismo adquirir el estatus de portal. Además, en las próximas décadas, es probable que surjan casi treinta Estados portal. Se trata de Estados peque-ños, de intercambio, con soberanía cualificada, que se escindirán de las entidades nacionales existentes para contribuir a conectar el sistema mundial. Dichos portales sirven al sistema diná-mico como estructuras de acomodación. La política exterior estadounidense precisa adaptarse a las realidades geopolíticas actuales. El sistema global se está convirtiendo cada vez más en una red fluida cuya característica fundamental es el equilibrio dinámico, no un orden impuesto de forma rígida. El liderazgo de Estados Unidos no puede imponer una Pax Americana al sistema global. No obstante, puede impulsar su desarrollo con una serie de estrategias políticas minucio-samente diseñadas que fortalecerán la interdependencia global con asociaciones de intereses
Saul B. Cohen: neutralidad científica y contención selectiva más allá del orden bipolar
Authors: Limón López Pedro
Published: June 2022

Saul Bernard Cohen fue uno de los geógrafos más reconocidos de la historia del siglo XX y una de las figuras imprescindibles del pensamiento geopolítico estadounidense desde el segundo tercio de la Guerra Fría hasta la actualidad. Su modelo de análisis alrededor de la división del mundo en regiones geoestratégicas y geopolíticas, así como el énfasis en el concepto de “cintu-rones de quiebra” (shatterbelts) como lugares a través de los cuales desplegar y enfatizar la con-tención por parte de Estados Unidos adquirió tal status académico e influencia política que se convirtió en uno de los enfoques predominantes del orden geopolítico de Posguerra Fría. A par-tir de unas premisas articuladas sobre el neorrealismo estadounidense en el contexto de la disua-sión nuclear y la inclusión de la noción de “regiones-portal”, Cohen redefinió la contención se-lectiva que podría —y debería— aplicarse en un mundo de Posguerra Fría sin necesidad de orden bipolar
Validity of Carotid Doppler Ultrasound for Detection of Caroted Stenosis keeping Computed Tomography Sensitivity as Gold Standard
Authors: Ahmad Shahzad , Khatra Wahid  , Gulsanga Ayub  , Parkha Jabbar Khan  , Muhammad Sajjad Ali Khan  , Owais Ali
Published: June 2022

Background: Stroke is that the world's leading reason for death and major incapacity. Arterial sclerosis is answerable for over half of all ischemic strokes. Plaque morphology has recently been discovered to assist within the prediction of arterial sclerosis, Clinical behaviour and stroke risk.Objective: To guage the frequency and diagnostic exactitude of artery Doppler imaging pathology detection to arterial blood vessel pathology.Material and Methods: Study was conducted in Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar from1st August 2019 to 31st March 2020. A total of 120 patients were consecutively selected. The inclusion criteria were all the patients having ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Doppler ultrasound was performed in every patient by a consultant radiologist. Doppler ultrasound findings were compared with Carotid artery stenosis reports.Results: Age range in this study was from 30-80 years with mean age of 63.07±3.76 years. Mean duration of disease was 1 Years ±3.32 months. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler Ultrasoundis 89.5%, 76.20%, 45.5%, 93.88% and 76.9% respectively.Conclusion: With the advancement in technology, the accuracy of Carotid artery stenosis diagnosis has significantly improved over the decades. From measuring the narrowing carotid artery diameter to evaluating the increased velocity field near the obstruction/lesion site, the identification of additional parameters to characterize plaque vulnerability has become more important in the carotid artery. Via various imaging modalities, the use of computer-aided programmes has increased the sensitivity, precision, and accuracy of Carotid artery stenosis diagnosis.Key Words: Carotid artery stenosis, Doppler ultrasound Sensitivity, Specificity
Comparison of Postoperative Complications Early Vs Delayed Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Muhammad Yousaf  , Muhammad Nadir Shah  , Shahid Khan Afridi
Published: June 2022

Background: Acute cholecystitis, which is typically associated with gallstones, is one of the most common causes of acute abdomen presenting in emergency departments around the world. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of biliary leak and hospital stay between early and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis.Objectives: To compare the incidence of biliary leak and hospital stay between early and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis.Material and Methods: Patients with radiologically confirmed acute calculus cholecystitis and ASA grade I/II were selected from the surgical OPD and prospectively randomized into two equivalent classes between August 1, 2015 and July 31, 2017. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed on patients in group A, while delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed on patients in group B. The data was collected from the patients using a non-probability sampling technique.Results: The research included 200 patients with radiologically proven acute calculus cholecystitis and an ASA grade I/II. Overall, patients who had an early laparoscopic cholecystectomy had a shorter hospital stay and less billary leak than those who had a delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (P=0.01) (0.00 and 0.11). In comparison to Group-II, the number of post-operative complications was lower in Group-I.Conclusion: When compared to delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy, early laparoscopic cholecystectomy allows for substantially shorter biliary leak frequency and overall hospital stay.Key Words: Acute cholecystitis, Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic.
Outcomes of Primary Repair in Patients with Typhoid Ileal Perforation
Authors: Nisar Ahmad  , Fazli Akbar  , Ijaz Ali  , Shah Abbas  , Nadeem Khan  , Anwar Syed
Published: June 2022

Background: Typhoid fever is still a high burden disease in developing nations. Caused by infection with Salmonella typhi. Fecal flora is a risk source of this bacteria and the infection is routinely caused by ingestion of soiled food and water which is a major problem in developing countries. WHO reported >200,000 deaths due to typhoid fever in 2015. While in Pakistan the mortality rate has been reported to be 9.3/100,000 in overall population.Objective: To determine the outcomes of primary repair in patients of typhoid ileal perforation.Material and Methods: In present case series we included 170 adult patients of age 15-75 years of age, who presented with typhoid ileal perforation in Department of General Surgery Saidu Teaching Hospital within the period of 01-Jan-2018 to 31-Dec-2019. In all patients two-layer primary repair was done. Outcomes were noted in-terms of post-surgery wound infections, intra-abdominal collection, anastomotic leakage, wound dehiscence and in-hospital mortality.Results: Mean age of patients was 43.5±14.7 years. Out of 170 patients, 145 (85.2%) were men and 25 (14.8%) women. Mean duration of illness was 6.56±3.62 days. Wound infections were diagnosed in 49 (28.8%) patients, pneumonia in 22 (12.9%), intra-abdominal collection in 11 (6.5%), anastomotic leakage in 08 (4.7%) patients, wound dehiscence (burst abdomen) in 07 (4.1%) and 6 (3.5%) patients required ICU admission. In-hospital mortality occurred in 08 (4.7%) patients.Conclusion: Primary repair is an easy and safe technique of typhoid ileal perforation and has acceptable rate of post-operative complications.Keywords: Typhoid ileal perforation, primary repair.
Health Hazards of Electronic Hookah Smoking Among University Students
Authors: A.A.A. Hadil , A.S. Sahar , S.E. Ons
Published: June 2022

Background: Electronic hookah (e-hookah) is a modern spine off the classic traditional hookah .Electronic hookah contain several agents known to cause lung cancer and it can irritate mouth that increase risks for oral cancer. Aim of the study: The present study aimed to assess health hazards of E-hookah smoking among university students. Design: A descriptive research design was utilized to conduct this study. Sample: A multistage random sample used in this study. Sample size: 322 university students. Setting: Study conducted at South Valley University, Faculty of Arts, Journalism and faculty of archaeology. Tools of data collection: Two tools were used for data collection in the present study. The first tool was Structural interviewing questionnaire composed of two parts:Part I: demographic characteristics and Past and present medical history, Part II: University student s' knowledge about E-hookah smoking. The second tool was University student's attitude about electronic hookah smoking. Result: The study results revealed that 70% of university students had unsatisfactory knowledge about e-hookah, 60% of them had negative attitude regarding e-hookah while 40% of them had positive attitude Conclusion: there was highly significant positive correlation between total knowledge scores and total attitude scores regarding Electronic hookah. Recommendations: Continuous health education for university students about hazards of e-hookah.
Modern Technologies of Beer and Beer Drinks at Small Enterprises. Part 2
Authors: Ермолаева Галина Алексеевна , Ермолаев Сергей Вячеславович
Published: June 2022

Описаны особенности производства пива и пивных напитков на малых предприятиях ввиду сложности переработки сырья из-за особенностей технического оснащения предприятий небольшой мощности. Описаны виды солода, дрожжи, хмель, применяемые в настоящее время на малых предприятиях, особенности позднего и «сухого охмеления». Указаны изменения в стандарте на ячмень пивоваренный. Показаны особенности взаимодействия малых предприятий с консультативными организациями.

The features of the production of beer and beer drinks at small enterprises are described due to the complexity of processing raw materials due to the peculiarities of the technical equipment of small-capacity enterprises. The types of malt, yeast, and hops currently used in small enterprises, features of late and dry hopping are described. The changes in the standard for malting barley are indicated. The features of interaction of small enterprises with advisory organizations are shown.
Production and Characterization of Micro-Collagen from Carp Scales Waste (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Zakiah Oktarlina Rasmi , Bahri Syaiful , Tendri Adjeng Andi Nafisah
Published: June 2022

Carp (Cyprinus carpio) has the potential which is not only consumed from flesh as an edible portion but it is also able to be utilized from waste. One of waste is the scales of the carp known potentially contain of collagens. Micro-collagen has been extensively applied in various fields which were health and cosmetics. The problem to find the supply of collagens from non-halal animal sources and prone to infectious diseases is the fundamental consideration of this research to be undertaken in order to discover alternative sources of them. It was aimed at production and characterization of micro-collagen by utilizing carp scales waste. The stages of the proximate test, deproteinization, extraction, analysis, and characterization were series of processes to acquire collagen. The extraction results found that the yield of collagen extracted from carp scales waste was 8.62% with a yellowish-white color. Physical characterization of collagen obtained was pH of 6.59. The maximum of UV absorption at a wave length of 268nm was originated from the structure of collagen fibrils with amide bonds of A, B, I, II, and III. Furthermore, the characterization of micro-collagen showed a particle size distribution from the smallest particles which was 668 – 1581nm with the highest intensity at a particle size of 1146 nm according to PSA analysis and corresponding with the morphology of micro-collagen through visualization using SEM. It indicates that the carp scales waste have the potential to be used as an alternative source to find supply micro-collagen.
تقويم كتاب اللغة العربيةِ للصف الثّالث المتوسط في ضوء مرتكزات التّنمية المستدامة
Authors: الحمداوي بهاء
Published: June 2022

تهدف هذه الدّراسةِ إلى "تقويم كتاب اللغة العربيةِ للصف الثّالث المتوسط في ضوء مرتكزات التّنمية المستدامة"، وتم ذلكَ مِن خلالِ الاجابةِ عن السّؤالِ الآتي: ما مدى توافر مرتكزات التّنمية المستدامة في "كتابِ اللغةِ العربيةِ للصفِ الثّالث المتوسط"؟ اعتمدَ الباحثُ المِنهجَ الوصفي التّحليلي، وأقتصرَ مجتمع البحث على محتوى "كتابِ اللغةِ العربيةِ للصفِ الثّالث المتوسط"ج1،ج2 الطّبعة الثّالثة للعام الدّراسي ( 2021م) ولكي يتحقق هدف البحث قامَ الباحثُ بتبني مؤشرات التّنمية المستدامة التّي قامَ بإعدادِها الباحث (المِندلاوي، 2015)، وللتأكد مِن صدق الأداةِ وثباتها عُرضتْ على نزر من الخبراءِ المختصينَ في طرائقِ التّدريسِ والقياس والتّقويم وعلم النفس، وعمدَ الباحثُ الى حسابِ الثباتِ لأداة البحث عن طريقِ الثباتِ عبر الزمِن وموضوعية التّصحيحِ حيثُ بلغ معامل الثباتِ ( 0,85 )، هذا وقد تكونتْ استبانة البحث الحالي مِن ( 56 ) فقرة وقد استخدمَ الباحثُ التكرارات والنّسبِ المئويةِ وغيرها لمعالجة البيانات، أذ أسفرتْ النّتائجُ عن وجود تفاوت في توزيع أبعاد التّنميةِ المستدامةِ الفرعيةِ المتوافرة بمحتوى كتابِ اللغةِ العربيةِ، حيثُ حلَ اولاً البعد الاجتماعي بواقع (162) تكراراً لمؤشراتِ تمثيلةِ في كتابنا قيد البحث وبنسبةِ ( 66,12 % ) عن باقي أبعاد التّنمية المستدامة المتمثلة في الكتابِ، بينما حل ثانياً البعدُ الاقتصادي بواقعِ ( 61 ) تكراراً وبنسبةِ ( 24,89 % ) وبالمرتبةِ الاخيرةِ جاءَ البعد البيئي بواقع ( 22 ) تكراراً وبنسبة( 8,97 % ) هذا وقد أوصى الباحثُ بتبصيرِ القائمون على وضع وتصميم مِناهج اللغةِ العربيةِ بتوظيف مرتكزات التّنميةِ المستدامةِ للمساهمةِ في عمليةِ تقويم وتحليل وتّطوير الكتابِ المدرسي، وضرورة العنايةِ بتأليف كتاب اللغةِ العربيةِ على وفقِ إبعاد التّنميةِ المستدامةِ وتمثيلها بشكل متساوي ولكافة ابعاد التّنمية المستدامة بما فيها الاقتصادية والبيئية .
تجريم الاستخدام غير المشروع لبطاقات السحب الآلي
Authors: حسن عبد المحسن
Published: June 2022

في ظل لجوء عملاء المصارف إلى حمل بطاقات السحب الالي واستخدامهم لها بشكل كبير في تعاملاتهم وتحركاتهم اليومية لا يكاد ان يخلو مكان من ان توجد فيه أجهزة السحب الإلكترونية ، ومن ثم ندرة الأحكام التي تعاقب على الاستخدامات غير المشروعة للبطاقة المصرفية ، أو أن الإشارة إليها جاءت مختصرة و مقتصرة فقط على معاقبة من يقوم بتزويرها واستعمالها ، ان القوانين المنظمه لهذه البطاقات المصرفية كقانون المعاملات الإلكتروني والبيانات ذات الطابع الشخصي ، فعلينا الرجوع إلى القواعد العقابية التقليدية لجرائم الاعتداء على أموال الغير . ولعل أهمية هذه الدراسة تتجسد بانه رغم تسارع وازدياد عدد المتعاملين بهذا النوع من البطاقات. وذلك في ظل سعي المصارف والمؤسسات المالية الكبرى إلى تقديم أفضل الخدمات المصرفية لعملائها عبر إدخال الوسائل الإلكترونية في عملها خاصة خدمة جهاز الصراف الالي الذي بات منتشر بأعداد كبيرة وكذلك في مراكز التسوق ، إلا أن تنظيم الحماية لهذه البطاقات من الناحية الجزائية لم تكن بالمستوى المطلوب فيما لو أساء حامل البطاقة استخدامها ، خصوصا في القوانين الخاصة للبطاقات المصرفية.
Pembekalan Keterampilan Mobile Video Editing Menggunakan Kinemaster untuk Siswa-siswi SMAK Penabur Summarecon Bekasi
Authors: Dicka Ma’arief Alyatalatthaf Muhammad
Published: June 2022

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is developing so rapidly. Almost all people needs in this 4.0 era can be fulfilled in just one hand (smartphone). One of them is creative content fields, especially audio visuals. SMAK Penabur Summarecon Bekasi sees this potential and presents the opportunity in the Content Creator extracurricular (Ekskur) for students who have high interest in the creative content industry. "Mobile Video Editing" training was also held to improve the skills of its Ekskur members.
Signs of Language Beyond Calculation: Williams’s Use of Foreign Languages, Citation and Collage against Consumerism
Authors: Käck Elin
Published: June 2022

This article analyzes Williams’s use of foreign words, primarily in Kora in Hell, as well as his employment of signs in various poems, in order to consider his poetic response to a consumerist society characterized by inequality. Drawing on Adorno’s theory on the use of foreign words, this article argues that Williams crafts his challenge to the entanglement between market forces and language in part through recourse to foreign languages. Moreover, within the overall frame of a socially inequitable consumer culture, the article discusses Williams’s inclusion of wandering or immobile figures, such as vagrants, and his own conflicted position in relation to these presences in his poems. The insertion of foreign words and the inclusion of socially marginalized, wandering figures are here, together with procedures of citation and collage, seen as employed in order to expose the ways in which we are bound by a language that is made to serve consumerism and market forces and which only art has the capacity to challenge.
Exanthema after lamotrigine use: A clinical case
Authors: Orsini Marco , Fernandes Nascimento Jacqueline , Marcos da Silva Catharino Antônio , RG Freitas Marcos , Bullede Oliveira Acary
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Lamotrigine is a phenyltriazine compound that inhibits sodium and potassium channels in presynaptic neurons. Maculopapular exanthema is a common side effect of Lamotrigine therapy, occurring most frequently during the first eight weeks of treatment in approximately 3–10% of patients.

Case Report: A 74-year-old female had started Lamotrigine 50 mg due to emotional lability and depression. About 8–9 weeks after the introduction of the drug she presented a rash with exanthema, maculopapular in appearance. The attending physician suggested discontinuation of the medication and reevaluation. Complete regression of the clinical picture occurred. No severe skin rashes, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis were observed.

Conclusion: Lamotrigine is effective for a variety of types of conditions involving neuronal excitability, however, such drug exposes the individual to side reactions ranging from mild skin rashes to even those leading to hospitalization. Measures such as adherence to the manufacturer’s dosing guidelines, titration, and intrinsic characteristics of the individual can minimize this effect.
Histopathological study of the effect of glutathione in decreasing pathological changes induced by estrogen in internal organs of albino mice
Authors: Dawood Ali Salman , Abaas Hanaa Khudair
Published: June 2022

In recent years, there has been a great deal of attention toward the field of free radical chemistry. Free radicals reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are generated by our body by various endogenous systems, exposure to different physiochemical conditions or pathological states. A balance between free radicals and antioxidants is necessary for proper physiological function. If free radicals overwhelm the body’s ability to regulate them, a condition known as oxidative stress ensues. Free radicals thus adversely alter lipids, proteins, and DNA and trigger a number of human diseases. This study was designed to determine the influence of Glutathione to reduce the pathological changes induced by estrogen. In this study 40 female and male mice  are  taken at age of 21days with groups of control (10 mouse in each group).The group of experimental animals was treated with estrogen and glutathione diluted with distilled water, as a vehicle, and injected intraperitonially for 12 weeks, once weekly. Each control group was injected with the vehicle of it in the same manner of injection and for the same period.
Cytomorphology of lymphadenopathy on fine needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Hazra Kalyani , Burma Subrat , Munda Fakir Charan , Habada Sunil Kumar , Behera Bodhisatwa , Swain Ratiranjan , Singh Ashok Kumar
Published: June 2022

Introduction: FNAC is widely accepted the most accurate sensitive, specific, cost-effective minimally invasive OPD technique to establish the basic diagnostic information not only to relieve the anxiety of the patients but also to provide materials for microbial culture, and decrease unnecessary surgery from the visibly accessible superficial masses. It also distinguishes a benign from a malignant entity that can obtain tissue for immuno-phenotyping & molecular studies and obtain cellular & genetic material for storage also useful for staging and follow up including response to treatment in patients with known malignancies. Our study was conducted on 796 Outpatients including all age groups & sexes presenting with palpable enlarged lymph nodes not only for early diagnosis & treatment but also to reveal the burden of various categories of diseases in tribal areas where our institution is situated. Material & methods: FNAC was performed under aseptic precaution using a 22 to 24Gauge needle attached to a 20 CC syringe (disposable). The aspirated material after smearing was treated with 95% ethyl alcohol for fixation & stained with H& E and Papanicolaou stain & air-dried smears are stained with Leishman stain.
Long-term results of prosthetic plasty of extensive and giant incisional ventral hernias
Authors: Sadykov R. A. , Babadjanov A. Kh. , Khuzhabaev S. T. , Rustamov M. I. , Karabaev Zh. A.
Published: June 2022

The problem of surgical management of extensive and giant incisional ventral hernias (IVH) is relevant around the globe despite the development of high technologies and the introduction of new treatment methods by leading surgical centers. The authors note that today there are unresolved issues of preventing the recurrence of the disease. The article provides a detailed comparative analysis of the long-term results of surgical management of such a category of severe patients. The introduction of an improved technique of tension-free IVH prosthetic plasty in conjunction with the proposed option for preventing the development of wound complications has significantly reduced the incidence of long-term complications, including wrinkling of the prosthesis, the formation of skin-prosthetic fistulas, and also negated the risk of prosthesis tearing off with the development of a paraprosthetic hernia.
Assessment of the hemostatic activity of "hemoben" in the model of liver damage on hypocoagulation
Authors: Ismailov S. I. , Babadjanov A. Kh. , Khodzhiev D. Sh. , Khayaliev R. Ya. , Kadyrov M .Zh.
Published: June 2022

In the article, the authors present the results of experimental studies on the hemostatic properties assessment of the new domestic hemostatic implant Hemoben under artificial hypocoagulation using medications on a model of a planar wound in the liver of rats. An attempt was made to stop bleeding using gauze strips and balls and a hemostatic sponge in the control group of animals. Experimental and morphological studies have convincingly proved that under drug hypocoagulation, Hemoben provides fine and stable hemostasis, which significantly exceeds the parameters of a hemostatic sponge.
Evaluation of various laser irradiations on the dentin tissue permeability
Authors: El Tayeba Elsayed Abd Allah , Moharrum Haytham S
Published: June 2022

Background: Dental tissue that has been irradiated with a laser undergoes morphological and chemical changes. Because the magnitude of these changes is influenced by the absorption qualities of the tissue, it is possible that these alterations will vary depending on the kind of laser used and the dental tissue. Objective: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the mineral content of dentin irradiated with CO2 10600nm, Diode 980nm and Er:Cr: YSGG 2780nm. Material and method: One hundred extracted molars were utilised for the study, and the samples were split into five groups. Next, the enamel was scraped from the dentin surface using a standard bur while abundant coolant was applied. A low-speed diamond stone was used to prepare the teeth, resulting in the creation of two slabs for each tooth. The dentine of samples were irradiated to .5 watt of co2, diode, Er:Cr: YSGG lasers with nano  ZnO-HA and without. Calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) were measured and analysed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) in conjunction with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX).
Barriers and challenges-agricultural marketing of the produce faced by the farmers in Tamilnadu
Authors: Jeyaramya M.
Published: June 2022

Agriculture fulfils the basic needs of human kind by producing food. Farmer used to produce food and commodities mostly for self-consumption or for exchange with others mostly in the same village or nearby places. At present, production environment has changed considerably from self- reliance to commercialization. Agriculture, generally means growing of crops and livestock while, marketing encompasses a series of activities from the point of production to point of consumption. There are key factors influencing agriculture in both production and marketing may be classified as physical, social and economic factors. Mostly marketing in Tamilnadu has been through various channels like middlemen, traders, retailers and by direct marketing. To overcome various limitations and to provide greater benefits to the farmer which were taken by middlemen, Direct Marketing was implemented. The Government have taken steps in restructuring to regulate Agri Business and encourage entrepreneurs. The Government also took necessary steps like practicing fair trade price to the farming community to support the left behind farmers in the competitive marketplace and supporting with latest technologies to reduce the loss incurred during various stages of harvesting. By implementing various technological ideas and through value addition agricultural business can be streamlined in this competitive market.
Fallopia dentatoalata (F. Schmidt) Holub (Polygonaceae): A new distributional record for India
Authors: Choudhary R. , Lal Krishan , Lee Joongku
Published: June 2022

Fallopia dentatoalata (F. Schmidt) Holub (Polygonaceae) is reported here from Himachal Pradesh, for the first time for India. Detailed description, colour photographs, SEM plates and relevant notes are provided to facilitate easy identification of the species.
Rediscovery of Eria alba Lindl. (Orchidaceae) from Himachal Pradesh after a gap of more than a century
Authors: Lal Krishan , Agrawala D. , Chowdhery H.
Published: June 2022

Eria alba Lindl. (Orchidaceae) is recollected from Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh after a gap of more than a century. It was earlier recorded by Duthie in 1906 from Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh.
Cryptocoryne tambraparaniana, a new species of Araceae from Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Rajakumar T. , Daniel P. , Selvakumari R. , Murugesan S. , Chellaperumal N.
Published: June 2022

A new species Cryptocoryne tambraparaniana is described and illustrated. The species differs from its closely allied species, Cryptocoryne spiralis (Retz.) Fischer ex Wydler, in having long peduncle, long runner internodes, cataphylls shape, number of appendages, nature of spathe margins, long staminate flower, syncarpium shape and number of seeds.
The genus Lobelia L. (Lobeliaceae) in India
Authors: Singh Rajeev , Diwakar P.
Published: June 2022

The present taxonomic review on the genus Lobelia L. recognizes 6 species. These are keyed out and each species is appended with description, distribution and ecological notes. 4 exotic ornamentals are also included in study.
Innovation in clinical learning: The AM/PM model
Authors: Grewal Alena , Silvestri-Elmore Angela
Published: June 2022

Objective: A primary goal in clinical learning is to apply nursing knowledge and skills learned in the classroom to clinical. While benefits to learning in clinical are evident, this experience is not without challenges, which often relate to coordination of the learning experience. The AM/PM model, an innovative clinical learning model, was developed in response to scheduling challenges that impacted learning.Methods: A Bachelor of Science in Nursing program at a state university in the western region of the United States was using a 12-hour biweekly shift schedule for clinical rotations. This schedule negatively impacted learning. Thus, a 6-hour weekly (AM/PM) clinical learning model was developed and implemented to address barriers in clinical learning, using Lewin’s Theory of Change as the theoretical framework and as a guide to achieving the desired change. Standardized examination performance was used as a measure of success to evaluate summative learning.Results: Clinical learning was improved as a result of implementing the AM/PM model. Nursing students had more opportunity to develop critical thinking, clinical judgment, and communication skills. Learning outcomes measured by standardized exam scores increased for the AM/PM groups.Discussion and conclusions: The AM/PM model, in comparison to other traditional clinical models, was successful in providing experiences to support critical thinking, clinical judgment, and improved learning outcomes. Using Lewin’s Theory of Change as a theoretical framework to guide implementation of the AM/PM model supported all key stakeholders in adapting to the change, ultimately supporting nursing student learning.
Inclusive Education: How do New Zealand Secondary Teachers Understand Inclusion and how does this Understanding Influence their Practice?
Authors: Clark-Howard Kayleen
Published: June 2022

Inclusive education expects that all students are welcome and that teachers focus on adapting environments so every student can be present, participate, learn and belong. This article summarises a mixed methods, small-scale inquiry which investigated how a sample of 44 New Zealand secondary school teachers understand inclusion and how this understanding influences their practice. While most participants responding to the online the survey reportedly agree with the values underpinning inclusive education, most participants also felt that students with severe needs should be taught by specially trained teachers. Participants identified numerous barriers which influenced student achievement in inclusive schools and reported feeling inadequately prepared to teach in inclusive schools. Furthermore, consistent and clear inclusionary practices were not evident. While further investigation is required, the findings from this small-scale inquiry serves as a starting point into investigating how New Zealand secondary teachers can be supported towards becoming confident, inclusive educators.
SPRING into Maths: Working Collaboratively to Implement a Tier 2 Support System that Improves Student Achievement in Mathematics
Authors: Perera Druinie , Fepulea'i Michelle , Ley Dianne
Published: June 2022

Research into the effectiveness of SPRING into Maths as a Tier 2 intervention is limited. This article aims to extend the evidence base for SPRING into Maths through reflective practice that links practitioner voice with theory. The article applies a theoreticallens to SPRING into Maths and provides insights into the journey of a group of practitioners who worked collaboratively to implement SPRING into Maths as a Tier 2 support system at Tamaki Primary School in Auckland.
Kua Tae Mai A Tokotoko – Me Aha Ahau? A Pākehā 2n The Paepae?
Authors: Tweed Brian
Published: June 2022

In this piece, I recount some events in which I was called upon to speak in te reo Maori on behalf of others in a variety of formal situations. I call this being ‘on the paepae’ but the paepae should be understood more properly as the paepae tapu. I will leave the further explanation of this for others who should rightly speak about such things. For my purposes here, the paepae is understood to be any situation in which one acts as a spokesperson for others and follows tikanga Maori in a contemporary context. I always feel like I am on the paepae when speaking te reo Maori in many situations. More often than not, this happens in schools. We are usually not on an actual marae but, nonetheless, a paepae is brought into existence. I have done this speaking (whaiko rero) with varying degrees of success and competence, and not a little anxiety. I have got it wrong sometimes and failed utterly in my responsibilities. A few times I have done well. Recently, my father-in-law presented me with a tokotoko, a ceremonial ‘walking’ stick (or perhaps it should be talking stick), to be carried when doing whaiko rero. This was a surprise and has caused me to reflect on my position as a Pa kehaon the paepae. Kua tae mai a tokotoko. Me aha ahau? The walking stick has arrived. What should I do?
Implementing Evidence-Based Practice: A Visual and Video-Modelling Case Study
Authors: McCabe Alice
Published: June 2022

This paper examines the multi-component use of visual supports, namely visual schedules and video modelling, to achieve the vocational goal of making a sandwich independently for a 16-year old girl with autism. This practice approach was informed by both the three step process from the National Professional Development Centre (The NPDC Model, n.d.) as well as from a Kaupapa Maori culturally-responsive perspective - He Ritenga Whaimo hio (Macfarlane & Macfarlane, 2013). Relevant research (tika) and underpinning theories of autism were considered, family voice and priorities collected (aroha), and a teaching plan developed, implemented and evaluated (pono) to achieve the long-term goal of increasing a young woman’s independence. The intervention was led by the author of this paper supporting the Special School classroom teacher, teacher-aides, parents and the student directly. The successes and challenges of this intervention were monitored and will be critically discussed in this practice paper.
Whakamanahia te tamaiti: Honouring the Child, Honouring Equity
Authors: Jones Kay-Lee
Published: June 2022

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The importance of Conscientisation: Learning About Privilege From the Voices of Māori Students
Authors: Stubbings Mary
Published: June 2022

This paper provides an autoethnographic view of the infuences that have changed my perceptions and helped me to make better sense of the world that I live in, and my place in it. It is a story of personal, ongoing critical refection. A story of unlearningand conscientisation that changed how I came to understand myself, my teaching practice and Aotearoa as a bi-cultural nation.
Home-School Partnerships and Outcome Measures
Authors: Turner Kelly
Published: June 2022

The concept of home-school partnerships is widely accepted as being important for student success. How this concept can be quantified in a more equitable and valid way, specifically through the lens of the Resource Teachers of Learning andBehaviour (RTLB), is the focus of this inquiry. RTLB and parent surveys, plus a questionnaire answered by the Ministry of Education (MOE), found the current measuring practices lacking in validity and equity. It is suggested that, rather than a single outcome measure being the focus for the Ministry of Education to gauge the impact of an RTLB intervention onthe home-school partnership, an intervention to strengthen this relationship between home and school would be more equitable and robust. It also concludes that national consistency of practice, a shared understanding of what indicators could bepresent in a powerful partnership, and the intended use of the data, would benefit the validity of the outcome data.
Exploring the New Zealand Child and Youth Profile (NZCYP) as a Tool for Collaborative Educational Planning: Stakeholder Perspectives
Authors: Van wyk Joanne , Tonks Jacqueline , De Graaf Shelley , Clendon Sally , Budd Julia
Published: June 2022

Assisting students with learning support needs requires a collaborative approach to educational planning and the development of a multi-dimensional profile of the student. However, developing such a profile can be difficult when information is gatheredfrom multiple sources, culturally-relevant information is not included, and incongruent or incompatible language is used in different settings. Tools are required to facilitate information gathering and collaborative educational planning practice. This article will present findings from three qualitative research projects that explored teams’ perceptions of using the New Zealand Child and Youth Profile (NZCYP) for educational planning and collaboration. Individual interviews and focus groups were conducted and then analysed to identify key themes. The results suggested that the NZCYP helped to facilitate educationalplanning and collaborative practice, and that it may be useful in facilitating transition. A lack of a cultural fit, along with the complexity of the NZCYP, however, impacted on some participants’ perceptions of it.
Making assumptions vs building relationships. Lessons froma participatory action research project to identify effective practices for learners with autism spectrum disorder.
Authors: Bevan-Brown Jill , Carrol-Lind Janis , Kearney Alison , Sperl Barbara , Sutherland Mary
Published: June 2022

This article describes a participatory action research (PAR) project conducted in a large urban, coeducational secondary school The project focused on two senior pupils with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who, seemingly as a result of feeling stressed or anxious, displayed behaviours that inhibited communication. Using questionnaires, observations and teaching activities, factors that both caused and reduced stress for these students were identified Interventions were introduced that successfully helped the students to recognise and manage their stress appropriately. These were principally the use of a variety of visual strategies and Social Stories. As a result of the PAR project, school staff learnt to question assumptions made about students and lo give priority to getting to know them and developing positive relationshipson which teaching programmes could be built.
Ethical principles in practice. Evidence from participatory action research.
Authors: Smith Liz
Published: June 2022

A significant challenge for all participants in the autism spectrum disorder participatory action research (AD PAR) project, including the Ministry of Education, the local project teams (LPT) and mentors, was the lack of availability of a single ethics approval process for the project in its entirety and, in particular, one that could accommodate the iterative, dynamic and participant-led action research process. To address this gap, participants in the AD PAR project adoptedanswer that could be routinely applied to ethical dilemmas. A guiding framework of ethical principles proved useful for participants. Central to the success of the AD PAR project was participants' ability to self-reflect, question and share resolutions. In essence, reflections on ethical dilemmas as they arose were an interwoven strand through the life cyclesof the ASD PAR project.
Editorial
Authors: Kelly Anna , Rickson Daphne , Bevan-Brown Jill , Curzon Joanna , Margrain Valerie , Geel Vanesse , Mitchell Paul
Published: June 2022

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ŞAİRİN SAHNEYE VURAN GÖLGESİ: AHMET MUHİP DIRANAS TİYATROSU ÜZERİNE
Authors: TOPRAK Sefa
Published: June 2022

Doç. Dr. Can ŞEN tarafından hazırlanan “Hayatın Çıkmazlarında Ahmet Muhip Dıranas Tiyatrosu ” adlı çalışmanın tanıtım yazısıdır.
Some Critical Issues on Constructed Normal Value Under the Anti-Dumping Agreement
Authors: Man Kim Sang
Published: June 2022

Dumping could be considered to exist when the export price of a product is lower than the normal value. Comparing the export price and the normal value is the starting point of anti-dumping process. The normal value is, in principle, determined on the basis of the domestic sales price in the exporting country. However, where the normal value cannot be determined on that basis, it may be determined on the basis of the ‘third-country sales’ or the ‘constructed normal value’. The ‘constructed normal value’ is calculated on the basis of the cost of production in the country of origin plus reasonable amount for administrative, selling and general costs and for profits. This article reviews how to derive normal value, and discusses various issues on constructed normal value by analysing the relevant provisions of the Anti-Dumping Agreement, and WTO Panel and Appellate Body Reports.

anti-dumping, Anti-Dumping Agreement, constructed normal value, normal value, particular market situation, WTO
Low-temperature Electrical Properties and Correlated Barrier Hopping Conduction Mechanism in CdTiO3
Authors: Jamil Arifa , Rafiq M A
Published: June 2022

CdTiO3 nanoparticles were synthesized by solid-state reaction technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the formation of rhombohedral CdTiO3 nanoparticles and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the irregularly shaped nanoparticles. The ac conductivity data was fitted using Jonscher’s power law to find the frequency exponent "s". Correlated barrier hopping (CBH) is found to be prevailing conduction mechanism from 300 K to 160 K. The density of states (DOS) calculated by applying CBH model lie in the range of 2.89 x 1020 eV-1cm-3 to 2.96 x 1021 eV-1cm-3. The calculated minimum hopping distance (Rmin) was 2.13 x 10-9 m. The low values of tangent loss (< 1) at all temperatures suggest CdTiO3 as a potential material in electrical devices with low energy losses. The shifting of maxima towards higher frequencies with the decrease in temperature in imaginary modulus plots suggests the thermally triggered hopping process in CdTiO3 nanoparticles. The modulus studies confirm that hopping is the dominant conduction mechanism in CdTiO3 nanoparticles as suggested by ac conductivity studies
Representación gráfica de las actividades culturales relacionadas con la mujer en la revista Mundo Gráfico durante la Segunda República
Authors: Sánchez Vigil Juan Miguel , Parras Parras Alicia , Nebreda Martín Lara
Published: June 2022

La proclamación de la Segunda República en abril de 1931 supuso un cambio en las estructuras políticas y socioculturales, con un hito en lo que se refiere a las mujeres: el derecho al voto aprobado por las Cortes el 1 de octubre de 1931, aunque no se aplicó hasta las elecciones generales del 19 de noviembre de 1933. Se parte de la hipótesis de que dichos cambios fueron recogidos por la prensa, por lo que es objeto de esta investigación conocer y analizar su representación gráfica en relación a la mujer, desde cualquier aspecto cultural. Para ello se ha seleccionado la revista de información general Mundo Gráfico (1911-1938), una de las más populares y de mayor difusión entre 1931 y 1936. Se presenta con este análisis el primer resultado de un proyecto global que contempla posteriores estudios en cinco relevantes publicaciones ilustradas.
refotografía como técnica para la difusión del patrimonio fotográfico local
Authors: Manso Rodríguez Ramón Alberto , Alvarez Ruiz Ricardo Luis , Caso Barreto Anier
Published: June 2022

Dentro de las diferentes tipologías documentales, que las bibliotecas atesoran, se encuentran las fotografías antiguas, las que proporcionan una valiosa información sobre el desarrollo urbano de cualquier localidad. Estas imágenes históricas representan hechos, espacios, construcciones que al ser tratadas con la técnica de la refotografía permiten a cualquier observador combinar dos tiempos: el pasado, representado en la fotografía, y el presente, donde él se encuentra, favoreciendo la reconstrucción precisa del emplazamiento y un acercamiento a los hechos representados en la imagen. De ahí, que este estudio, mediante una combinación entre teoría y práctica, tiene como objetivo mostrar la importancia del empleo de la técnica de la refotografía, para analizar la transformación que han sufrido diferentes espacios urbanos, establecer la comparativa, recuperar la memoria histórica de lugares desaparecidos o transformados, y recoger hechos sobre acontecimientos y trasladarlos al presente, para su difusión. Se concluye como esta práctica favorece reafirmar las potencialidades de las bibliotecas como garantes de la memoria local.
función social en los archivos de derechos humanos a través del Proyecto Cruzar.uy
Authors: Hernández Muñiz Fabián , López Carrato María del Luján
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo sintetiza el desarrollo del proyecto universitario Cruzar.uy, sistema de información y documentación digital vinculado con el procesamiento y aprendizaje automático de archivos del pasado reciente de Uruguay. El objetivo general se centra en el cruzamiento de datos a partir de la sistematización de la información contenida en los documentos de archivos militares, policiales y del Estado en general, producidos en el periodo comprendido entre 1968 y 1985. Para ello, se describen las pruebas de concepto informáticas y el establecimiento de diferentes metodologías de investigación en las áreas de ingeniería, archivística, comunicación y ciencias sociales. Se aborda la importancia que posee la función social en archivos de derechos humanos en los procesos de búsqueda de verdad y justicia, y la construcción de la memoria de la sociedad.