bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Severe convection in the Mediterranean from microwave observations and a convection‐permitting model
Authors: Rysman Jean‐François , Claud Chantal , Chaboureau Jean‐Pierre , Delanoë Julien , Funatsu Beatriz M.
Published: June 2015

This study investigates severe convection in the Mediterranean during the first Special Observation Period (SOP‐1; 5 September to 6 November 2012) of the Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX) with the objectives of providing novel information about severe convection on its vertical structure, spatio‐temporal variability as well as evaluating the ability of a convection‐permitting model to reproduce this variability. Two criteria, namely deep convection (DC) and convective overshooting (COV), are computed using the water vapour channels of the Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS). Special attention is paid to the COV as it is associated with particularly severe weather. For the first time, the COV criterion was assessed in the Mediterranean, using two case‐studies conjointly observed by the airborne RASTA radar and MHS. COV is characterised by high ice water content (up to 2 g m−3) in the mid and upper troposphere (up to 12.5 km in the stratosphere). During the SOP‐1, DC and COV occurred about 0.1 and 0.03% of the total observation time, respectively. The Atlantic weather regimes appear to affect the temporal distribution of these convective events. Most of the DC and COV occurrences were found along the western coasts of Italy and Greece, mainly during the 10–15 October and 25 October–3 November episodes. These two episodes, for which severe meteorological events (e.g. tornadoes) were reported, are significant when compared with the 2002–2013 climatology (above the 75th percentile). Both criteria are also employed to assess the current ability of the Meso‐NH model to forecast severe convection using a model‐to‐satellite approach. The forecast DC and COV are found to be highly correlated in time with the observations, but are strongly underestimated. This suggests that the model missed a significant part of the most intense convective events and their associated hazards, and underlines the need for better characterisation of model uncertainties associated with severe convection.
Follow the ABCs to effective leadership of your unit
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: June 2015

As the leader of your student affairs unit, it's imperative that your staff members see you as such. But being seen as a true leader is about more than simply having the right title. It's also about how you conduct yourself.
Two New Solvent‐modulated Zinc(II) Metal‐Organic Hybrid Materials based on Rigid Tripodal Carboxylate Ligand and 2,2′‐Bipy Co‐ligand: Crystal Structures and Luminescent Properties
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Bin , Xiao Zhen‐Yu , Zhang Ming‐Hui , Zhang Liang‐Liang , Wang Rong‐Ming , Sun Dao‐Feng
Published: June 2015

The zinc(II) coordination polymers [Zn(Htatb)(2,2′‐bipy)·(NMP)·H2O] (1) and [Zn3(tatb)2(2,2′‐bipy)3·H2O] (2) (H3tatb = 4,4′,4′′‐s‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triyl‐tribenzoic acid; 2,2′‐bipy = 2,2′‐bipyridyl, NMP = N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidon), were synthesized hydrothermally, and characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Both compounds 1 and 2 possess expectant low dimensional coordination structures, which further connected into interesting 3D networks by hydrogen bond and strong π–π interactions. Moreover, the thermal stabilities and fluorescent properties of 1 and 2 were investigated.
Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency in human cultured fibroblasts: effects of bezafibrate
Authors: Djouadi Fatima , Habarou Florence , Le Bachelier Carole , Ferdinandusse Sacha , Schlemmer Dimitri , Benoist Jean François , Boutron Audrey , Andresen Brage S. , Visser Gepke , de Lonlay Pascale , Olpin Simon , Fukao Toshiyuki , Yamaguchi Seiji , Strauss Arnold W. , Wanders Ronald J. A. , Bastin Jean
Published: June 2015

Mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) deficiency caused by HADHA or HADHB gene mutations exhibits substantial molecular, biochemical, and clinical heterogeneity and ranks among the more severe fatty acid oxidation (FAO) disorders, without pharmacological treatment. Since bezafibrate has been shown to potentially correct other FAO disorders in patient cells, we analyzed its effects in 26 MTP‐deficient patient fibroblasts representing 16 genotypes. Overall, the patient cell lines exhibited variable, complex, biochemical profiles and pharmacological responses. HADHA‐deficient fibroblasts showed markedly reduced alpha subunit protein levels together with decreased beta‐subunit abundance, exhibited a −86 to −96 % defect in LCHAD activity, and produced large amounts of C14 and C16 hydroxyacylcarnitines. In control fibroblasts, exposure to bezafibrate (400 μM for 48 h) increased the abundance of HADHA and HADHB mRNAs, immune‐detectable alpha and beta subunit proteins, activities of LCHAD and LCKAT, and stimulated FAO capacities, clearly indicating that MTP is pharmacologically up‐regulated by bezafibrate in human fibroblasts. In MTP‐deficient patient fibroblasts, which were found markedly FAO‐deficient, bezafibrate improved FAO capacities in six of 26 (23 %) cases, including three cell lines heterozygous for the common c1528G > C mutation. Altogether, our results strongly suggest that, due to variable effects of HADHA and HADHB mutations on MTP abundance and residual activity, improvement of MTP deficiency in response to bezafibrate was achieved in a subset of responsive genotypes.
High metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis are associated with lateral lymph node metastasis in patients with incidentally detected thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Kim Bo Hyun , Kim Seong-Jang , Kim Keunyoung , Kim Heeyoung , Kim So Jung , Kim Won Jin , Jeon Yun Kyung , Kim Sang Soo , Kim Yong Ki , Kim In Joo
Published: June 2015

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate whether total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) measured by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) could predict the aggressiveness and lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with incidentally detected differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Methods

A total 358 patients with focal FDG-avid thyroid incidentaloma during cancer evaluation were enrolled. Among 235 patients in whom fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed, 51 patients underwent total thyroidectomy with LN dissection. We analyzed the relationship between volume-based parameters and clinicopathologic characteristics.

Results

The mean age and tumor size were 57.1 ± 11.3 years and 1.15 ± 0.81 cm, respectively. The prevalence of malignancy was 21.7 % (51/235). When SUVmax > 5.91, MTV2.5 > 2.05 cm3, and TLG2.5 > 9.09 were used as cutoff points, sensitivity, specificity, and area under curve (AUC) for prediction of lateral LNM were 77.9, 69.1 %, 0.716 (P = 0.047), 77.8, 88.1 %, 0.839 (P < 0.001), 77.8, 85.1 %, and 0.815 (P = 0.002), respectively. However, MTV and TLG had no value in prediction of central LNM, extrathyroidal extension, and multifocality. On comparison ROC curve analysis, the MTV and TLG showed the statistical differences for the prediction of lateral LNM compared with SUVmax (all P’s < 0.05).

Conclusions

This study has shown for the first time that volume-based PET functional parameters had a significant value for the prediction of lateral LNM in incidentally detected PTC. These results suggest that higher MTV and TLG can be potential new risk factors for preoperative risk stratification. The usefulness of TLG and MTV in preoperative risk stratification in patients with PTC needs to be confirmed in further large studies.
Should Governments be Above the Law? The Canadian Human Rights Tribunal on First Nations Child Welfare
Authors: Blackstock Cindy
Published: June 2015

Many child welfare statutes protect children when caregivers jeopardise their safety and best interests, but what if the risk is sourced in government child welfare policy or practice? Instead of including provisions to hold governments accountable for placing children in harm's way, governments and their agents are largely protected against any systemic maltreatment claims made against them. This paper describes a precedent-setting case before the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal attempting to hold the Canadian federal government accountable for its systemic failure to ensure that First Nations children are protected from maltreatment linked to inequitable federal child welfare funding on reserves. The case is a rare example using an independent judicial mechanism with the authority to make binding orders against the government and enveloping the proceedings in a public education and engagement movement. Implications of the case for child rights in Canada and abroad are discussed.
Regenerative medicine in otorhinolaryngology
Authors: Wormald J C R , Fishman J M , Juniat S , Tolley N , Birchall M A
Published: June 2015

Background:

Tissue engineering using biocompatible scaffolds, with or without cells, can permit surgeons to restore structure and function following tissue resection or in cases of congenital abnormality. Tracheal regeneration has emerged as a spearhead application of these technologies, whilst regenerative therapies are now being developed to treat most other diseases within otolaryngology.

Methods and results:

A systematic review of the literature was performed using Ovid Medline and Ovid Embase, from database inception to 15 November 2014. A total of 561 papers matched the search criteria, with 76 fulfilling inclusion criteria. Articles were predominantly pre-clinical animal studies, reflecting the current status of research in this field. Several key human research articles were identified and discussed.

Conclusion:

The main issues facing research in regenerative surgery are translation of animal model work into human models, increasing stem cell availability so it can be used to further research, and development of better facilities to enable implementation of these advances.
Canonical gender
Authors: CORBETT GREVILLE G. , FEDDEN SEBASTIAN
Published: June 2015

Nominal classification remains a fascinating topic but in order to make further progress we need greater clarity of definition and analysis. Taking a Canonical Typology approach, we use canonical gender as an ideal against which we can measure the actual gender systems we find in the languages of the world. Building on previous work on canonical morphosyntactic features, particularly on how they intersect with canonical parts of speech, we establish the distinctiveness of gender, reflected in the Canonical Gender Principle:In a canonical gender system, each noun has a single gender value. We develop three criteria associated with this principle, which together ensure that canonically a noun has exactly one gender value; we give examples of non-canonicity for each criterion, thus gradually building the typology. This is the essential groundwork for a comprehensive typology of nominal classification: the Canonical Typological approach allows us to tease apart clusterings of properties and to characterize individual properties with respect to a canonical ideal, rather than requiring us to treat the entire system as belonging to a single type. This approach is designed to facilitate comparisons of different noun classification systems across languages.
Portfolio careers and work-life balance among musicians: An initial study into implications for higher music education
Authors: Teague Adele , Smith Gareth Dylan
Published: June 2015

Musicians are acknowledged to lead complex working lives, often characterised as portfolio careers. The higher music education research literature has tended to focus on preparing students for rich working lives and multiple identity realisations across potential roles. Extant literature does not address the area of work-life balance, which this paper begins to explore, as the authors seek to better understand potential challenges around combining music graduates' multivariate ambitions, commitments and identities as musicians in the world. Rich data are presented, following interviews with professional musicians in London, UK, discussing health, portfolio careers and family. The authors conclude that more research is required to gain a deeper understanding of work-life balance for musicians, and that pedagogical approaches in higher music education could more effectively help students to prepare for their futures in a more holistic way.
Mindfulness for singers: The effects of a targeted mindfulness course on learning vocal technique
Authors: Czajkowski Anne-Marie L. , Greasley Alinka E.
Published: June 2015

This paper reports the development and implementation of a unique Mindfulness for Singers (MfS) course designed to improve singers' vocal technique. Eight university students completed the intervention. Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) scores showed general improvement across all five facets of mindfulness. Qualitative results showed benefits of daily mindfulness exercises on breathing, micro-muscular awareness, vocal tone, text communication and problem solving. Exercises also positively affected teacher/pupil relationships, concentration and focus in lessons and practice. Teachers identified six of the eight participants in a blind controlled study indicating that vocal students at any level would benefit greatly from a mindfulness course as a holistic intervention.
Transitionspsychiatrie der Adoleszenz und des jungen Erwachsenenalters
Authors: Fegert Jörg M. , Petermann Franz , Freyberger Harald J.
Published: June 2015

Die Transition aus der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie in die Erwachsenenpsychiatrie stellt unter theoretischen, ethischen, juristischen und entwicklungsbezogenen Aspekten eine Herausforderung dar. Dabei müssen die spezifischen Bedürfnisse der psychisch erkrankten Heranwachsenden zwischen 16 und 24 Jahren mit den unterschiedlichen Reifungsprozessen und Entwicklungsbedingungen berücksichtigt werden. Die Schnittstellenproblematik zwischen den verschiedenen Hilfesystemen wird anhand vorliegender Transitionsprogramme und zukünftiger Konzepte diskutiert.
«Emerging Adulthood»: Forschungsbefunde zu objektiven Markern, Entwicklungsaufgaben und Entwicklungsrisiken
Authors: Seiffge-Krenke Inge
Published: June 2015

Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt zunächst Charakteristiken der neu entdeckten Entwicklungsphase «Emerging Adulthood» (18 bis 30 Jahre) vor und fasst dann Forschungsbefunde zu wichtigen Entwicklungsbereichen wie Auszug, Partnerschaft, Beruf und Identitätsentwicklung mit Schwerpunkt auf deutschen Studien und Statistiken dar. Die neuen Herausforderungen bringen trotz der Verlängerung der Zeitspanne bis zur Realisierung bestimmter Entwicklungsaufgaben einen erheblichen Entwicklungsdruck und Zukunftsangst mit sich, die sich in einer zunehmenden Symptombelastung bemerkbar machen, auf den unser Versorgungssystem noch nicht eingestellt ist. Kinder- und Jugend- und die Erwachsenenpsychiatrie/-psychotherapie müssen neue Modelle entwickeln, um integrativ mit diesen Herausforderungen umzugehen.
How Did the Moon Get Its Shape?
Authors: Minnehan Catherine
Published: June 2015

Scientists find a solution to a 200-year-old problem: syncing the prominent bulges on the Moon with our natural satellite's origins.
Cerebral Hypoperfusion: A New Pathophysiologic Concept in Multiple Sclerosis?
Authors: D'haeseleer Miguel , Hostenbach Stéphanie , Peeters Ilse , Sankari Souraya El , Nagels Guy , De Keyser Jacques , D'hooghe Marie B
Published: June 2015

The exact pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is incompletely understood. Although auto-immune responses have an important role in the development of hallmark focal demyelinating lesions, the underlying mechanism of axonal degeneration, the other key player in MS pathology and main determinant of long-term disability, remains unclear and corresponds poorly with inflammatory disease activity. Perfusion-weighted imaging studies have demonstrated that there is a widespread cerebral hypoperfusion in patients with MS, which is present from the early beginning to more advanced disease stages. This reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) does not seems to be secondary to loss of axonal integrity with decreased metabolic demands but appears to be mediated by elevated levels of the potent vasospastic peptide endothelin-1 in the cerebral circulation. Evidence is evolving that cerebral hypoperfusion in MS is associated with chronic hypoxia, focal lesion formation, diffuse axonal degeneration, cognitive dysfunction, and fatigue. Restoring CBF may therefore emerge as a new therapeutic target in MS.
CDK5 Knockdown Prevents Hippocampal Degeneration and Cognitive Dysfunction Produced by Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Gutiérrez-Vargas Johana A , Múnera Alejandro , Cardona-Gómez Gloria P
Published: June 2015

Acute ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular accident and it is the most common cause of physical disabilities around the globe. Patients may present with repeated ictuses, experiencing mental consequences, such as depression and cognitive disorders. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a kinase that is involved in neurotransmission and plasticity, but its dysregulation contributes to cognitive disorders and dementia. Gene therapy targeting CDK5 was administered to the right hippocampus of ischemic rats during transient cerebral middle artery occlusion. Physiologic parameters (blood pressure, pH, pO2, and pCO2) were measured. The CDK5 downregulation resulted in neurologic and motor improvement during the first week after ischemia. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 RNA interference (RNAi) prevented dysfunctions in learning, memory, and reversal learning at 1 month after ischemia. These observations were supported by the prevention of neuronal loss, the reduction of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) immunoreactivity, and a decrease in astroglial and microglia hyperreactivities and tauopathy. Additionally, CDK5 silencing led to an increase in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), its Tropomyosin Receptor kinase B (TRKB) receptor, and activation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which are important targets in neuronal plasticity. Together, our findings suggest that gene therapy based on CDK5 silencing prevents cerebral ischemia-induced neurodegeneration and motor and cognitive deficits.
The Functional and Structural Changes in the Basilar Artery Due to Overpressure Blast Injury
Authors: Toklu Hale Z , Muller-Delp Judy , Yang Zhihui , Oktay Şehkar , Sakarya Yasemin , Strang Kevin , Ghosh Payal , Delp Michael D , Scarpace Philip J , Wang Kevin KW , Tümer Nihal
Published: June 2015

Overpressure blast-wave induced brain injury (OBI) leads to progressive pathophysiologic changes resulting in a reduction in brain blood flow, blood brain barrier breakdown, edema, and cerebral ischemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate cerebral vascular function after single and repeated OBI. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: Control (Naive), single OBI (30 psi peak pressure, 1 to 2 msec duration), and repeated (days 1, 4, and 7) OBI (r-OBI). Rats were killed 24 hours after injury and the basilar artery was isolated, cannulated, and pressurized (90 cm H2O). Vascular responses to potassium chloride (KCl) (30 to 100 mmol/L), endothelin-1 (10−12 to 10−7 mol/L), acetylcholine (ACh) (10−10 to 10−4 mol/L) and diethylamine-NONO-ate (DEA-NONO-ate) (10−10 to 10−4 mol/L) were evaluated. The OBI resulted in an increase in the contractile responses to endothelin and a decrease in the relaxant responses to ACh in both single and r-OBI groups. However, impaired DEA-NONO-ate-induced vasodilation and increased wall thickness to lumen ratio were observed only in the r-OBI group. The endothelin-1 type A (ETA) receptor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) immunoreactivity were significantly enhanced by OBI. These findings indicate that both single and r-OBI impairs cerebral vascular endothelium-dependent dilation, potentially a consequence of endothelial dysfunction and/or vascular remodelling in basilar arteries after OBI.
A scanning cavity microscope
Authors: Mader Matthias , Reichel Jakob , Hänsch Theodor W. , Hunger David
Published: June 2015

Imaging the optical properties of individual nanosystems beyond fluorescence can provide a wealth of information. However, the minute signals for absorption and dispersion are challenging to observe, and only specialized techniques requiring sophisticated noise rejection are available. Here we use signal enhancement in a high-finesse scanning optical microcavity to demonstrate ultra-sensitive imaging. Harnessing multiple interactions of probe light with a sample within an optical resonator, we achieve a 1,700-fold signal enhancement compared with diffraction-limited microscopy. We demonstrate quantitative imaging of the extinction cross-section of gold nanoparticles with a sensitivity less than 1 nm2; we show a method to improve the spatial resolution potentially below the diffraction limit by using higher order cavity modes, and we present measurements of the birefringence and extinction contrast of gold nanorods. The demonstrated simultaneous enhancement of absorptive and dispersive signals promises intriguing potential for optical studies of nanomaterials, molecules and biological nanosystems.
Ionic transport in hybrid lead iodide perovskite solar cells
Authors: Eames Christopher , Frost Jarvist M. , Barnes Piers R. F. , O’Regan Brian C. , Walsh Aron , Islam M. Saiful
Published: June 2015

Solar cells based on organic–inorganic halide perovskites have recently shown rapidly rising power conversion efficiencies, but exhibit unusual behaviour such as current–voltage hysteresis and a low-frequency giant dielectric response. Ionic transport has been suggested to be an important factor contributing to these effects; however, the chemical origin of this transport and the mobile species are unclear. Here, the activation energies for ionic migration in methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) are derived from first principles, and are compared with kinetic data extracted from the current–voltage response of a perovskite-based solar cell. We identify the microscopic transport mechanisms, and find facile vacancy-assisted migration of iodide ions with an activation energy of 0.6 eV, in good agreement with the kinetic measurements. The results of this combined computational and experimental study suggest that hybrid halide perovskites are mixed ionic–electronic conductors, a finding that has major implications for solar cell device architectures.
Linking megathrust earthquakes to brittle deformation in a fossil accretionary complex
Authors: Dielforder Armin , Vollstaedt Hauke , Vennemann Torsten , Berger Alfons , Herwegh Marco
Published: June 2015

Seismological data from recent subduction earthquakes suggest that megathrust earthquakes induce transient stress changes in the upper plate that shift accretionary wedges into an unstable state. These stress changes have, however, never been linked to geological structures preserved in fossil accretionary complexes. The importance of coseismically induced wedge failure has therefore remained largely elusive. Here we show that brittle faulting and vein formation in the palaeo-accretionary complex of the European Alps record stress changes generated by subduction-related earthquakes. Early veins formed at shallow levels by bedding-parallel shear during coseismic compression of the outer wedge. In contrast, subsequent vein formation occurred by normal faulting and extensional fracturing at deeper levels in response to coseismic extension of the inner wedge. Our study demonstrates how mineral veins can be used to reveal the dynamics of outer and inner wedges, which respond in opposite ways to megathrust earthquakes by compressional and extensional faulting, respectively.
Inherited coding variants at the CDKN2A locus influence susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children
Authors: Xu Heng , Zhang Hui , Yang Wenjian , Yadav Rachita , Morrison Alanna C. , Qian Maoxiang , Devidas Meenakshi , Liu Yu , Perez-Andreu Virginia , Zhao Xujie , Gastier-Foster Julie M. , Lupo Philip J. , Neale Geoff , Raetz Elizabeth , Larsen Eric , Bowman W. Paul , Carroll William L. , Winick Naomi , Williams Richard , Hansen Torben , Holm Jens-Christian , Mardis Elaine , Fulton Robert , Pui Ching-Hon , Zhang Jinghui , Mullighan Charles G. , Evans William E. , Hunger Stephen P. , Gupta Ramneek , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Loh Mignon L. , Relling Mary V. , Yang Jun J.
Published: June 2015

There is increasing evidence from genome-wide association studies for a strong inherited genetic basis of susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in children, yet the effects of protein-coding variants on ALL risk have not been systematically evaluated. Here we show a missense variant in CDKN2A associated with the development of ALL at genome-wide significance (rs3731249, P=9.4 × 10−23, odds ratio=2.23). Functional studies indicate that this hypomorphic variant results in reduced tumour suppressor function of p16INK4A, increases the susceptibility to leukaemic transformation of haematopoietic progenitor cells, and is preferentially retained in ALL tumour cells. Resequencing the CDKN2A–CDKN2B locus in 2,407 childhood ALL cases reveals 19 additional putative functional germline variants. These results provide direct functional evidence for the influence of inherited genetic variation on ALL risk, highlighting the important and complex roles of CDKN2A–CDKN2B tumour suppressors in leukaemogenesis.
In situ imaging and proteome profiling indicate andrographolide is a highly promiscuous compound
Authors: Li Lin , Wijaya Hadhi , Samanta Sanjay , Lam Yulin , Yao Shao Q.
Published: June 2015

Natural products represent an enormous source of pharmacologically useful compounds and are often used as the starting point in modern drug discovery. Many biologically interesting natural products are however not being pursued as potential drug candidates, partly due to a lack of well-defined mechanism-of-action. Traditional in vitro methods for target identification of natural products based on affinity protein enrichment from crude cellular lysates cannot faithfully recapitulate protein-drug interactions in living cells. Reported herein are dual-purpose probes inspired by the natural product andrographolide, capable of both reaction-based, real-time bioimaging and in situ proteome profiling/target identification in live mammalian cells. Our results confirm that andrographolide is a highly promiscuous compound and engaged in covalent interactions with numerous previously unknown cellular targets in cell type-specific manner. We caution its potential therapeutic effects should be further investigated in detail.
Preconcentration of synthetic phenolic antioxidants by using magnetic zeolites derived with carboxylatocalix[4]arenes combined with high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Zhou Shaoyan , Li Zheng , Lv Xueju , Hu Bin , Jia Qiong
Published: June 2015

A hybrid adsorbent assembling carboxylatocalix[4]arene onto the surface of magnetic zeolite was prepared and used for the preconcentration and determination of synthetic phenolic antioxidants coupled with HPLC.
A simple and visible colorimetric method through Zr4+–phosphate coordination for the assay of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and screening of its inhibitors
Authors: Zhang Juan , Lv Jun , Wang Xiaonan , Li Defeng , Wang Zhaoxia , Li Genxi
Published: June 2015

Inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) are promising agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, so a colorimetric method has been developed in this work for PTP1B assay and screening of its inhibitors.
Trace determination of heavy metals in farmed trout fish using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: Pirsaheb Meghdad , Fattahi Nazir
Published: June 2015

A DLLME-SFO method followed by GFAAS was developed for the extraction, preconcentration and determination of ultra-trace amounts of heavy metals in farmed trout fish samples.
A versatile probe for chemoselective capture and analysis of carbonyl compounds in exhaled breath
Authors: Knipp Ralph J. , Li Mingxiao , Fu Xiao-An , Nantz Michael H.
Published: June 2015

We describe an aminooxy reagent for the capture of trace aldehyde and ketone volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath.
Continuous flow of nitroso Diels–Alder reaction
Authors: Nakashima Erika , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: June 2015

Our flow reaction systems have provided quantitative yields of nitroso Diels–Alder products with no byproducts in cases of cyclic dienes without temperature and pressure controls.
A one-step carbonization route towards nitrogen-doped porous carbon hollow spheres with ultrahigh nitrogen content for CO2 adsorption
Authors: Wang Yu , Zou Houbing , Zeng Shangjing , Pan Ying , Wang Runwei , Wang Xue , Sun Qingli , Zhang Zongtao , Qiu Shilun
Published: June 2015

N-doped porous carbon hollow spheres with an ultrahigh nitrogen content of 15.9 wt% and a high surface area of 775 m2 g−1 were prepared using MF nanospheres as hard templates and nitrogen sources.
Direct photocatalytic fluorination of benzylic C–H bonds with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide
Authors: Nodwell Matthew B. , Bagai Abhimanyu , Halperin Shira D. , Martin Rainer E. , Knust Henner , Britton Robert
Published: June 2015

Two complimentary strategies for the direct fluorination of benzylic C–H bonds with NFSI are described using either AIBN-initiation or decatungstate photocatalysis.
Two solvent-dependent porous coordination polymers with –OH decorated ligands: unusual non-crystallographic net and fsh topology
Authors: Duan Jingui , Higuchi Masakazu , Zou Changchang , Jin Wanqin , Kitagawa Susumu
Published: June 2015

The variable architectures of two new porous coordination polymers, controlled by solvent system, exhibit a structural progression from an unusual non-crystallographic net to a (4,6)-connected framework with fsh topology.
Star-shaped VO2 (M) nanoparticle films with high thermochromic performance
Authors: Zhong Li , Li Ming , Wang Hua , Luo Yuanyuan , Pan Jing , Li Guanghai
Published: June 2015

Star-shaped VO2 (M) nanoparticles demonstrate adjustable phase transition temperature and excellent reversible infrared modulations in response to external voltage.
Stereochemical modulation of emission behaviour in E/Z isomers of diphenyldipyrroethene from aggregation induced emission to crystallization induced emission
Authors: Garg K. , Ganapathi E. , Rajakannu P. , Ravikanth M.
Published: June 2015

We have successfully separated and characterized E- and Z-isomers of diphenyldipyrroethene molecules and studies show that the E-isomer behaves as AIEgen, whereas the Z-isomer behaves as CIEgen.
PAMAM G4 dendrimers as inhibitors of the iron storage properties of human L-chain ferritin
Authors: Camarada M. B. , Márquez-Miranda V. , Araya-Durán I. , Yévenes A. , González-Nilo F.
Published: June 2015

Cationic dendrimers, such as PAMAM, are known to be positively charged at neutral pH allowing their unspecific interaction with proteins and other cellular components.
Structural characterization of functionalized gold nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer therapy: a NMR based approach
Authors: Coelho Sílvia C. , Rangel Maria , Pereira Maria C. , Coelho Manuel A. N. , Ivanova Galya
Published: June 2015

Structure of Bortezomib loaded, surface functionalized Au nanoparticles.
Mechanical degradation of graphene by epoxidation: insights from first-principles calculations
Authors: Peng Qing , Han Liang , Lian Jie , Wen Xiaodong , Liu Sheng , Chen Zhongfang , Koratkar Nikhil , De Suvranu
Published: June 2015

The in-plane Young's modulus decreases with the degree of epoxidation.
The modulated structure and frequency upconversion properties of CaLa2(MoO4)4:Ho3+/Yb3+phosphors prepared by microwave synthesis
Authors: Lim Chang Sung , Aleksandrovsky Aleksandr , Molokeev Maxim , Oreshonkov Aleksandr , Atuchin Victor
Published: June 2015

The modulated structure and frequency upconversion properties of CaLa2(MoO4)4:Ho3+/Yb3+phosphors are investigated.
Unusual Gd–nitronyl nitroxide antiferromagnetic coupling and slow magnetic relaxation in the corresponding Tb analogue
Authors: Wang Xiufeng , Zhu Mei , Wang Juanjuan , Li Licun
Published: June 2015

An unusual antiferromagnetic interaction was observed in a Gd–radical complex with tridentate chelating nitronyl nitroxide. The Tb complex displays slow magnetic relaxation.
Alkoxy substituted halogenated closo-dodecaborates as anions for ionic liquids
Authors: Jenne Carsten , Kirsch Christoph
Published: June 2015

Alkoxy substituted halogenated closo-dodecaborate anions [B12X11OR]2− (X = Cl, Br; R = alkyl) have been synthesized and fully characterized. Thermal analyses were carried out to reveal their properties for possible applications in ionic liquids. The new salt [C6mim]2[B12Cl11O-propyl] is an elusive example of an ionic liquid containing a doubly charged anion.
Ternary transition-metal fluoride precursors for the fluorolytic sol–gel route: new insights into speciation and decomposition
Authors: Kohl J. , Wiedemann D. , Troyanov S. I. , Palamidis E. , Lerch M.
Published: June 2015

After successive, incomplete fluorination, complexes containing the motifs [MFn](3−n)+(M = V, Mn, Ni;n= 0–4) have been trapped with pyridine and identified using X-ray diffraction.
Non-aggregated axially disubstituted silicon phthalocyanines bearing electropolymerizable ligands and their aggregation, electropolymerizaton and thermal properties
Authors: Biyiklioglu Zekeriya , Bas Huseyin , Alp Hakan
Published: June 2015

The electropolymerization of a specially synthesised series of silicon(iv) phthalocyanines was studied for the first time by various electrochemical measurements.
The effect of cluster size on the optical band gap energy of Zn-based metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Ghosh Raja , Pedicini Anthony F. , Rao Purna Chandra , Asha K. S. , Reber Arthur C. , Mandal Sukhendu
Published: June 2015

We have synthesized three Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) in which Zn metal ions form the secondary building unit, and 4,4′-sulfonyldibenzoic acid (SDB) serves as the ligand: [[Zn(DMF)(SDB)] (DMF), 1, [Zn3(DMF)3(SDB)3](DMF), 2 and [Zn3(OH)2(SDB)2] (DMF)2, 3, where DMF = dimethyl formamide].
Bioactive transparent films based on polysaccharides and cholinium carboxylate ionic liquids
Authors: Tomé Liliana C. , Silva Nuno H. C. S. , Soares Hugo R. , Coroadinha Ana S. , Sadocco Patrizia , Marrucho Isabel M. , Freire Carmen S. R.
Published: June 2015

Novel antibacterial and biocompatible transparent films based on chitosan or pullulan and two bioactive ionic liquids, cholinium hexanoate and cholinium citrate, were prepared.
A glow discharge time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GD-TOFMS) study of the ‘hydrogen effect’ using copper, iron and titanium cathodes
Authors: Mushtaq Sohail , Steers Edward B. M. , Whitby James A. , Horvath Peter , Michler Johann , Pickering Juliet C.
Published: June 2015

Hydrogen effects are investigated at very low H2 concentrations in an Ar plasma, and the likely discharge mechanisms are discussed.
Direct determination of lead in plastic toys by solid sampling high resolution-continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: Ozbek Nil , Ustabasi Gul Sirin , Akman Suleyman
Published: June 2015

Lead concentrations in various plastic toys were determined directly by solid sampling high resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.
Centrifugo-pneumatic multi-liquid aliquoting – parallel aliquoting and combination of multiple liquids in centrifugal microfluidics
Authors: Schwemmer F. , Hutzenlaub T. , Buselmeier D. , Paust N. , von Stetten F. , Mark D. , Zengerle R. , Kosse D.
Published: June 2015

The centrifugo-pneumatic multi-liquid aliquoting allows for parallel aliquoting of two liquids and pairwise combination of generated aliquots.
3D bio-etching of a complex composite-like embryonic tissue
Authors: Hazar Melis , Kim Yong Tae , Song Jiho , LeDuc Philip R. , Davidson Lance A. , Messner William C.
Published: June 2015

To investigate the collective movements within 3D multilayered tissues our group has focused on developing a novel microfluidic technique capable of creating complex patterns in multicellular structures.
Formation of hexagonal-molybdenum trioxide (h-MoO3) nanostructures and their pseudocapacitive behavior
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Wang Xu , Lee Pooi See
Published: June 2015

The crystallographic structure and morphology of redox active molybdenum oxides have a pronounced effect on their electrochemical properties.
Understanding filamentary growth in electrochemical metallization memory cells using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Menzel Stephan , Kaupmann Philip , Waser Rainer
Published: June 2015

A kinetic Monte Carlo model for ECM cells is presented that explains the influence of mechanical stress on filamentary growth.
Improving the sensing performance of double gold gratings by oblique incident light
Authors: Wu Feifei , Liu Lingxiao , Feng Lei , Xu Daren , Lu Nan
Published: June 2015

The refractive index sensing performance of double gold gratings can be improved by using the oblique incident light. And the application of white light instead of polarized light is beneficial to the sensing applications.
Synthesis of an original fluorinated triethylene glycol methacrylate monomer and its radical copolymerisation with vinylidene fluoride. Its application as a gel polymer electrolyte for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Alaaeddine Ali , Vergnaud Jérôme , Rolland Julien , Vlad Alexandru , Gohy Jean-François , Ameduri Bruno
Published: June 2015

The synthesis and characterisation of novel poly[VDF-g-oligo(EO)] graft copolymers are presented.
1-Ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium paramagnetic ionic liquids with 3D magnetic ordering in its solid state: synthesis, structure and magneto-structural correlations
Authors: García-Saiz Abel , de Pedro Imanol , Vallcorba Oriol , Migowski Pedro , Hernández Ignacio , Fernández Barquin Luis , Abrahams Isaac , Motevalli Majid , Dupont Jairton , Gonzalez Jesús Antonio , Fernández Jesús Rodríguez
Published: June 2015

We present two novel paramagnetic ionic liquids, Edimim FeX4 (X = Cl and Br), which display a three-dimensional magnetic ordering below 10 K. Exhaustive and systematic studies of the magneto-structural correlations have been performed.
Transfer printing of magnetic structures with enhanced performance using a new type of water-soluble sacrificial layer
Authors: Zhao Bin , Ji Gengwu , Gao Xingyu
Published: June 2015

Transfer printing of magnetic structures with enhanced performance using a new type of water-solvable sacrificial layer.
Vegetation identification based on characteristics of fluorescence spectral spatial distribution
Authors: Yang Jian , Gong Wei , Shi Shuo , Du Lin , Sun Jia , Zhu Bo , Ma Ying-ying , Song Sha-lei
Published: June 2015

The PCIFSD were firstly utilized in plant species analysis. Plant species can be effortless distinguished using PCIFSD in this paper.
Bistable polymer-dispersed cholesteric liquid crystal thin film enabled by a stepwise polymerization
Authors: Wang Huihui , Wang Ling , Chen Mei , Li Tongda , Cao Hui , Yang Dengke , Yang Zhou , Yang Huai , Zhu Siquan
Published: June 2015

By using a proper polymer network and an ion-doped cholesteric liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy, bistable polymer-dispersed liquid crystal thin films were prepared by first photo-curing, and then thermally curing.
Heteropoly acid-catalyzed three-component aza-Diels–Alder reaction in a continuous micro-flow system
Authors: He Wei , Fang Zheng , Yang Zhao , Ji Dong , Guo Kai
Published: June 2015

The first direct aza-Diels–Alder reaction catalyzed using phosphotungstic acid combined with a water absorption device in a micro-flow system was reported.
High HOMO levels and narrow energy band gaps of dithienogalloles
Authors: Matsumoto Takuya , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: June 2015

We synthesized air- and moisture-stable dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]galloles containing four-coordinated gallium atoms. The electron-donating properties and resonance effects of gallium atoms in dithienogalloles were demonstrated.
UV irradiation-induced cross-linked bicarbonate anion exchange membranes based on vinylimidazolium-functionalized poly(arylene ether ketone)
Authors: Bu Fanzhe , Zhao Chengji , Wang Baolong , Zhang Na , Lu Hao , Cai Zhenzhen , Zhang Yurong , Na Hui
Published: June 2015

A novel photo-cross-linking strategy for vinylimidazolium-functionalized poly(arylene ether ketone) bicarbonate anion exchange membranes is presented.
A green high-initiation-power primary explosive: synthesis, 3D structure and energetic properties of dipotassium 3,4-bis(3-dinitromethylfurazan-4-oxy)furazan
Authors: Zhai Lianjie , Fan Xuezhong , Wang Bozhou , Bi Fuqiang , Li Yanan , Zhu Yanlong
Published: June 2015

A environmentally friendly 3D primary explosive potassium 3,4-bis(3-dinitromethylfurazan-4-oxy)furazan with high initiation power was fully investigated.
Metal-free regioselective C-3 acetoxylation of N-substituted indoles: crucial impact of nitrogen-substituent
Authors: Soni Vineeta , Patel Ulhas N. , Punji Benudhar
Published: June 2015

Regioselective C-3 acetoxylation of the N-substituted indoles with PhI(OAc)2 is described under metal-free conditions. The π-electron-deficient aryl-substituents on the N-atom of indoles remarkably favor the C-3 acetoxylation.
Rheological properties of the polysaccharide–protein complex from longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) pulp
Authors: Liu Xingxun , Wang Changsheng , Liu Liya , Zhou Sumei , Luo Yongyue
Published: June 2015

Crude longan polysaccharide (CLP) was extracted from longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) pulp.
Cobalt hydroxide [Co(OH)2] loaded carbon fiber flexible electrode for high performance supercapacitor
Authors: Jagadale Ajay D. , Guan Guoqing , Du Xiao , Hao Xiaogang , Li Xiumin , Abudula Abuliti
Published: June 2015

Present work states about successful loading of Co(OH)2 on carbon fiber paper as an electrode for high performance flexible supercapacitor.
Synthesis of nanocomposites with carbon–SnO2 dual-shells on TiO2 nanotubes and their application in lithium ion batteries
Authors: Li Zhongtao , Wang Yuankun , Sun Hongdi , Wu Wenting , Liu Mei , Zhou Jingyan , Wu Guiliang , Wu Mingbo
Published: June 2015

Novel TiO2/SnO2–C double-shell nanotubes have been synthesized as anode material of Li-ion batteries, which exhibit excellent durability and rate capacity.
The Effect of Stress and Speech Rate on Vowel Coarticulation in Catalan Vowel–Consonant–Vowel Sequences
Authors: Recasens Daniel
Published: June 2015

Purpose

The goal of this study was to ascertain the effect of changes in stress and speech rate on vowel coarticulation in vowel–consonant–vowel sequences.

Method

Data on second formant coarticulatory effects as a function of changing /i/ versus /a/ were collected for five Catalan speakers' productions of vowel–consonant–vowel sequences with the fixed vowels /i/ and /a/ and consonants: the approximant /δ/, the alveolopalatal nasal /ɲ/, and /l/, which in the Catalan language differs in darkness degree according to speaker.

Results

In agreement with predictions formulated by the degree-of-articulation-constraint model of coarticulation, the size of the vowel coarticulatory effects was inversely related to the degree of articulatory constraint for the consonant, and the direction of those effects was mostly carryover or anticipatory in vowel–consonant–vowel sequences with highly constrained consonants (/ɲ/, dark /l/) and more variable whenever the intervocalic consonant was less constrained (/δ/, clear /l/). Stress and speech-rate variations had an effect on overall vowel duration, second formant frequency, and coarticulation size but not on the consonant-specific patterns of degree and direction of vowel coarticulation.

Conclusion

These results indicate that prosodically induced coarticulatory changes conform to the basic principles of segmental coarticulatory organization.
Risikofaktoren der Erwerbsminderungsberentung aufgrund psychischer Erkrankungen – Eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit
Authors: Roski C. , Romppel M. , Grande G.
Published: June 2015

Hintergrund: Psychische Erkrankungen sind mittlerweile der häufigste Grund für den Bezug einer Erwerbsminderungsrente. Ziel der Arbeit war es, die nationalen Befunde zum Risiko der Erwerbsminderungsberentung aufgrund psychischer Erkrankungen (EMBP) zusammenzutragen und den Stand dieses Forschungsfeldes abzubilden. Die Kenntnis dieser Befunde ist grundlegend, um dieser Entwicklung präventiv entgegensteuern zu können.

Methoden: Es wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche im Zeitraum von 2001 bis 2014 durchgeführt. Berücksichtigt wurden Befunde zu Versicherten der Deutschen Rentenversicherung, welche nach 2001 aufgrund einer psychischen Erkrankung EM-berentet wurden. Die Publikationen mussten mindestens 2 relevante Befunde beinhalten, um berücksichtigt zu werden. Bis auf den Ausschluss von anonymisierten Befragungen wurde das Studiendesign bei der Auswahl nicht weiter eingegrenzt.

Ergebnisse: Es konnten 20 wissenschaftliche Publikationen ermittelt werden, welche die Auswahlkriterien erfüllten. Im Ergebnis sind alle ermittelten Studien sekundärdatenanalytische Untersuchungen basierend auf Daten der Deutschen Rentenversicherung. Mittels geschlechtsdifferenzierter Zusammenhangsanalysen konnte das Berentungsrisiko auf das Qualifikationsniveau und den Wohnort der Versicherten zurückgeführt werden. Der Großteil der Befunde ist hingegen deskriptiver bzw. explorativer Art. Neben einer Vielzahl von Einzelbefunden und Hinweisen auf Interaktionen der Faktoren, konnte über verschiedene Jahrgänge festgestellt werden, dass (i) Frauen häufiger als Männer aufgrund psychischer Erkrankungen berentet werden, (ii) affektive Störungen der häufigste Berentungsgrund sind, (iii) psychisch Erwerbsgeminderte im Vergleich zu somatisch Erwerbsgeminderten jünger sind und, dass (iv) Versicherte mit Schizophrenie besonders zeitig berentet werden. Die Reha-Inanspruchnahme vor Berentung liegt bei ca. 50%.

Schlussfolgerung: Die Arbeit zeigt auf, dass bislang wenige statistisch abgesicherte Erkenntnisse über die Zusammenhänge von Risikofaktoren und der EMBP in Deutschland vorliegen. Auffällig ist, dass, obwohl psychosomatische Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen als effektiv gelten, nicht mehr als die Hälfte aller psychisch EM-Berenteten im Vorfeld der Berentung diese in Anspruch nehmen. Der Fokus zukünftiger Arbeiten sollte auf der systematischen Identifikation von Risikofaktoren der EMBP und von Reha-Zugangsbarrieren für Versicherte mit Rehabilitationsbedarf liegen, um Ansatzpunkte für präventive und individuelle Maßnahmen entwickeln zu können.