bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovation Goals in Software Development for Business Applications
Authors: Arnold Bob , Shadnam M. Reza
Published: December 2022

Having been in touch with technical side of many companies in various sectors, we know industry is facing a period of unprecedented change. We have compiled a list of common technological challenges in the sector that companies are facing in adapting to the change. The purpose of this contribution is to discuss and communicate areas where technological challenges in the Software Development Sector lie. We see this kind of inventory beneficial to the academic community as it provides an account of industry challenges. The analysis would be necessary to really assist players in the sector in being better prepared for formalizing and documenting their learning and know-how development. Beside knowledge management benefits, the analysis also would help in taking advantage of research and development funding and attracting investors; both academic and industrial organizations can take advantage of this aspect. We are calling this type of analysis “capabilities analysis”. A single company might not solve the world’s technical problems, but just being aware of them and measuring steps taken to advance, even slightly, in the direction of solving the problems presented in this analysis would make the company stand out. When data is formulated this way, strong evidence is created that the project goes beyond standard engineering by distinguishing risk that can be eliminated through experiment from standard engineering risk. The main contribution of this work is classification of problems and approaches to solve them in this field.
Phytochemical Study of Selected Medicinal Plant, Solanum Nigrum, the Algerian Desert
Authors: Djaafar Zemali , Ridha Ouahrani M.
Published: December 2022

Solanum Nigrum plant contains many compounds of High utility, such as: alkaloids, saponin, and others. Through this study in the field of plant chemistry that we can know all the components of the various parts (leaves, twigs, flowers, fruits and roots) of the plant Solanum Nigrum, and enhance the classification of the operations during the disclosure of the components of the plant and contents of secondary metabolism and some of which adopted the newly particularly alkaloids and terpenes as genetic indicators.
Water Quality of the Surfaces Waters of the Barlinek Lake (Spring, Summer and Autumn of 2008)
Authors: Daniszewski Piotr
Published: December 2022

To estimate differentiation of water chemistry in reservoirs of Barlinek Lake, in time (spring, summer and autumn of 2008). In arbitrary appointed times 19 physical and chemical indicators of water quality were determined to evaluate general status and water condition (temperature, pH, concentration of dissolved oxygen and saturation by O2, solid residue, residue after ignition), trophy (concentrations of NO3–, NO2–, NH4+, PO43–dissolved., Ptot.), and mineralization (specyfic electrolytic conductivity, total hardness and separately concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl–, SO42–, total concentrations of Fe and Mn).
Gravitational Properties of Atom
Authors: Orlov Sergey
Published: December 2022

The evidence that the strength of any body provide nuclear forces of gravity. The nuclear force of gravity generated by the essential micro vortices. The vortex creates a pressure gradient in the ether. The pressure gradient is the source of nuclear energy. The nuclear force of gravity on the surface of the cores is equal for all elementary particles.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Selenium in Various Samples Using 5,6-Diaminouracil Hydrochloride (DAUH)
Authors: Rassi Salwa Fares
Published: December 2022

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of Se (IV) using 5,6-diaminouracil hydrochloride (DAUH) as an analytical reagent. The reagent has been synthesized and characterized using IR, 1H NMR. The metal ion in aqueous medium forms yellow colored complex with DAUH showing maximum absorbance at 343 nm. Hence, analytical studies were further carried out at 343 nm. The reagent reacts with selenium in acidic medium to form yellow colored 1:1 (M:L) complex . The color reactions are instantaneous and absorbance values remain constant for one week. The composition of the Se (IV) complex with DAUH was studied by the method of job’s continuous variation and molar ratio method. Beer’s law was obeyed in the range 0.2-15.0 μg mL−1of Se (IV). The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of the method were found to be 0.5×10+4 L.mol-1.cm-1and 0.031μg.cm-2 respectively. Since DAUH method is more sensitive, it was applied for the determination of selenium in samples.
Impact of Square Fuel Assemblies Arrangement on Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Enhancement inside Water Filled Enclosures
Authors: Ragui Karim , Boutra Abdelkader , Benkahla Youb Khaled
Published: December 2022

Through this paper, the hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics of a Newtonian fluid within a square cold enclosure containing four inner heaters, arranged in different manners, are numerically investigated. To do so, a developed computer code based on the finite volume method and the SIMPLER algorithm is used. The validity of the latter was ascertained after the comparison between the obtained results and the experimental and numerical ones already available in the literature. To make clear the effect of pertinent parameters such the Rayleigh number and the distance between these heaters, the phenomenon was reported by means of Streamlines, Isotherm plots, velocity and temperature profiles, with a special attention to the local and average Nusselt number evolution. As shown in the latter, taking into account the heaters’ arrangement into the enclosure leads to a significant improvement of the overall transfer. Consequently, powerful correlations predicting the heat transfer ratio into the cold square as a function of the heaters’ disposition are proposed which predict within ±1% the numerical results.
Densification and Mechanical Behavior of β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bioceramics
Authors: Mehdikhani Behzad , Borhani Gholam Hossein
Published: December 2022

Nano-size β-tricalcium phosphate powders with average grain size of 80 nm were prepared by the wet chemical precipitation method with calcium nitrate and di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate as calcium and phosphorus precursors, respectively. The precipitation process employed was also found to be suitable for the production of sub-micrometre β-TCP powder in situ. The sinterability of the nano-size powders, and the microstructure, mechanical strength of the prepared β-TCP bioceramics were investigated. Bioceramic sample characterization was achieved by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and density measurements. Powders compacted and sintered at 800, 900, 1000 and 1100 °C showed an increase in relative density from 70 % to 93 %. The results revealed that the maximum hardness of 240 H was obtained for β-TCP sintered at 1100 °C.
The Hydrogen Alternative
Authors: Bose Debajyoti
Published: December 2022

Hydrogen is the cleanest fuel known to man and the most prominent alternative to carbon-based fuels, although it is not available as a free gas on earth, it can be produced from various sources using the correct combination of pressure and temperature. The deep time that our planet has given life has allowed it to grow from a tiny seed of genetic possibility to a planet wide web of complexity we are part of today, where today heating, refrigeration, telecommunication and appliances have become vital in everyday life. Production of electricity using fossil fuels has been under the scanner for quite some time now because of their availability and effects on the environment hydrogen emerges out in this scenario as the future fuel and setting the stage towards the hydrogen economy. The clean nature of hydrogen and the efficiency of fuel cells taken together offer an appealing alternative to fossil fuels. This paper reviews the existing infrastructure of hydrogen production and storage, while simultaneously explores the reason why it will be an inevitability in the near future to meet our ever increasing energy needs.
QMC Calculations of Total Energy and Bond Length of Some Polyatomic Organic Molecules
Authors: Ekong Sylvester A. , Oyegoke David A.
Published: December 2022

This paper aims at determining the total energy and bond lengths of some polyatomic organic molecules, using quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) CASINO-code. The QMC code employed the VMC and DMC methods in the computations with emphasis on DMC, and using Slater-Jastrow trial wave-function formed from Hartree-Fock orbitals. The calculated results show that our reported values are in good agreement with the experimental values of both Hehre et al., and Linus Pauling. The total energies obtained in this study are 6 significant figures more accurate than those of previous studies.
Solvent-Free Synthesis and Spectral Linearity of Some (E)-2-(substituted benzylideneamino)-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carboxamides
Authors: Thirunarayanan Ganesamoorthy , Sekar K.G.
Published: December 2022

Some (E)-2-(substituted benzylideneamino)-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide derivatives have been synthesized by SiO2:H3PO4 catalyzed solvent-free condensation of 2-amino-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta [b]thiophene-3-carboxamide and various substituted benzaldehydes in microwave irradiation. The yield of the imine-carboximido derivatives has been found to be more than 85 %. The purity of all imine-carboximido derivatives has been checked using their physical constants and spectral data. The spectral data of the imine-carboximido derivatives such as infrared ν (cm-1) of CO, NH, C-N, C-Cl, C-F, C=N, and the NMR chemical shifts (δ, ppm) of NH, CH, CO and C=N have been correlated with Hammett substituent constants, F and R parameters. From the results of statistical analysis, the effects of substituent on the above spectral group absorptions have been discussed.
Dependence of Storage Material Surfaces on the Oxidative Rancidity Kinetics of Peanut Oil
Authors: Duru Chidi Edbert , Duru Ijeoma Akunna , Nweze Chike Anthony , Ukiwe Lugard
Published: December 2022

The rates of oxidative rancidity of peanut oil in contact with iron, copper, zinc, aluminum, tin, polyethylene (PE), glass and magnesium were studied. The rancidity of the oil in the surfaces made of these materials decreased in the order Mg>Fe>Cu>Sn>Glass>Zn>Al>PE. The order obtained showed that the rancidity process does not depend on the activity of these surfaces, but has a possible link with surface passivity. The values for the rate of rancidity in Mg and Fe surfaces where the process was fastest were 2.08 × 10-5 and 1.39 × 10-5 mmolkg-1hr-1 respectively, while values for the lowest rates of rancidity obtained for Al and PE surfaces were 2.78 × 10-6 and 1.07 × 10-6 mmolkg-1hr-1 respectively. The use of aluminum and PE vessels for the storage of peanut oil would increase its shelf-life by keeping the oil in its original state for a longer period of time.
Highly Efficient and Eco-Friendly One-Pot Synthesis of Penta Substitute Pyrrole Derivatives under Catalyst-Free Conditions
Authors: Viradiya Denish J. , Baria Bharat H. , Kakadiya Rajesh , Kotadiya Vipul C. , Shah Anamik
Published: December 2022

An eco-friendly and efficient one-pot synthesis of penta-substituted pyrrole derivatives via a four-component reaction of maldrum’s acid, arylglyoxal monohydrate, dimethyl but-2-yne-dioate and amines under catalyst-free conditions in an environmentally friendly medium is described. The simple experimental procedure, catalyst-free reaction conditions, short period of conversion, and excellent yields are the advantages of the present method. Good chemical yields have been achieved without the need for chromatography and recrystallization or other purification methods.
Anhydrous Aluminum Chloride Catalyzed Methylene Group Inclusion: Mechanistic, Spectral and Single Crystal X-Ray Structural Study on Methanediyl Bis(Cyclohexylmethylcarbamodithioate)
Authors: Ramalingam K. , Rizzoli C. , Sivagurunathan G.S. , Sivasekar S. , Rajaraman T. , Prabu M.
Published: December 2022

In this study anhydrous AlCl3 is used as a catalyst for the inclusion of a methylene group in to cyclohexylmethyldithiocarbamic acid to form methanediyl bis(cyclohexylmethylcarbamodithioate). Dichloromethane is used as a methylene group bearer in the reaction. A suitable mechanistic pathway involving +CH2Cl is discussed. FTIR, NMR and Mass spectral techniques have been used in the analysis. Single crystal X-ray structure of the compound was determined. FTIR spectrum of the compound showed υc-s band at 1073 cm-1 and υC-H vibrations appeared at 2853 and 2928 cm-1. Thioureide stretching band was observed at 1473 cm-1. The molecular ion peak in the Mass spectroscopy confirmed the proposed formula. H1 NMR spectrum of the compound showed a signal at 4.33(s) ppm for α-CH of the cyclohexyl ring and -CH3 protonsattached to nitrogen appeared at 3.40 ppm. Methylene proton (S-CH2-S) signal appeared at 3.16 ppm which is largely deshielded by the presence of two electronegative sulphur atoms on either side. The characteristic methylene carbon (S-CH2-S) signal appeared at 45.46 ppm in the 13C NMR spectrum. Single crystal X-ray structural analysis of the compound showed it to be monomeric. Methylene carbon in S-CH2-S, C(9) is tetrahedrally bonded to two hydrogen atoms and two sulphur atoms S(2), S(3). The molecule stacks its cyclohexyl rings along ‘c’ axis of the unit cell. Short contacts in the form of supramolecular interactions such as C---S and S---S exist in the solid state at 3.49 and 3.50 Å respectively.
Study of Temperature of Black Holes in Terms of Chandrasekhar Limit
Authors: Mahto Dipo , Kumar Jha Brajesh , Singh Krishna Murari , Ram Mahendra
Published: December 2022

Stephen Hawking gave the formula for the temperature for the black holes as . In the present research article, we have converted this formula in terms of Chandrasekhar limit [Mch] and also calculated their values for different test black holes existing in XRBs and AGN.
Infrared and NMR Spectral Hammett Correlations in 4-(2-Naphthyl)-5,6-Dihydro-6-(Substituted Phenyl)-4H-1,3-Oxazine-2-Amines
Authors: Thirunarayanan Ganesamoorthy , Pazhamalai S. , Sekar K.G.
Published: December 2022

A series containing ten titled compounds have been synthesised and recorded the IR and NMR spectra. From the spectra the infrared νNH, C=N, C-O-C stretches, NMR chemical shifts of (δ, ppm) NH and C=N were assigned and correlated with Hammett substituent constants, F and R parameters using single regression analysis. From the results, the effects of substituent on the above spectral frequencies were discussed.
Enhanced Photoelectrical Performance of DSSC by Co-Doped SnO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Priyadharsini C. Indira , Prakasam A. , Anbarasan P.M.
Published: December 2022

Investigation of the I-V characteristics of the DSSC based on interconnected with cobalt-doped SnO2 nanoparticles covered with a nano-scale thin layer which was absorbed by natural dyes are described. The presence of co-doped SnO2 has been confirmed by its characteristic XRD pattern and the shape of the particle is confirmed by SEM. The thickness of the protective layer can be conveniently controlled by the mole value of co-doped SnO2 used in the preparation of the thin film and the optimum conditions for best performance of the DSSC are presented together with possible explanation for the variations observed. An optimum light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 0.37 % in the presence of a layer of co-doped SnO2 has been obtained which enhancement over the cell prepared with other natural dyes. The characterization of the sample using different techniques was explained (change the sentence).
Influence of Efficient, Multicomponent, Polyfunctional, Physiologically Active (Nano) Chips with Herbicide Activity on Rice Crop Growth, Development, Yield and on Weed Growth Inhibition
Authors: Voropaeva N. , Karpachev V. , Varlamov V. , Figovsky Oleg L.
Published: December 2022

Using physiologically active, complex, polyfunctional, multicomponent (nano) systems – (nano) chips in the pre-sowing rice treatment (nano) technology allows precise seeding; enhancing field seed germination; reducing plant morbidity rate considerably or even deleting disease incidents; increasing plant adaptability to unfavorable environmental conditions; expanding crop yield; improving products quality by not using toxic chemical means of plant protection; intensifying competitive ability of agricultural products as well as assuring environmental safety in crop cultivation regions. Nutrition micro- and mesoelements, as also intense activity plant growth regulators and other physiologically active substances, depending on the crop variety, cultivation conditions and possible risks, can be added to such pre-sowing treatment (nano) technology.
Analysis of Effect of Protective Coatings on the Rate of Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete Sewers Microscopic Study
Authors: Ali Ahmad , Zafar Raheel , Bibi Tayyaba
Published: December 2022

Microbial induced corrosion (MIC) in reinforced concrete (RC) sewers are increasing in occurrence and severity which is leading to significant economic losses. Being able to prevent or significantly reduce the rate of MIC in RC sewers will be of great help in finding a suitable sustainable solution. This study has investigated the effect of MIC; sulphide corrosion, on RC sewers through analytical techniques; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The aim was to create a sustainable solution; protective epoxy coating (PEC), that will be capable of preventing or significantly reducing the MIC in RC sewers. The PEC based solution was able to significantly reduce the MIC in RC sewers. Furthermore, the test results also outlined that even in the coated sample, crown corrosion was more as compared to the corrosion of the submerged portion of the sample.
Annealing Effects on the Interband Transition and Optical Constants of Cobalt Doped Cadmium Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Habubi Nadir F.
Published: December 2022

The CdO: Co films have been deposited on substrate temperature at 400 °C by spray pyrolysis method using cadmium chloride and cobalt chloride as a precursors for Cd and Co ions, respectively. The effect of annealing temperature on optical constants of Co: CdO thin films are investigated using UV-Visible spectrophotometer in the range of (300-900) nm at room temperature. The absorbance and optical parameters such as α, n, ε1, ε2, and χ are increased when the annealing temperature increases, while the energy gap decreased from 2.5 eV before annealing to 2.48 eV after 500 °C annealing temperature. Urbach energy is increased with the increasing of annealing temperature from 353 meV for sample before annealing to 715 meV for the same samples annealed at 500 °C.
Pollution Discharge Scenario of Dyeing Industries along Dombivali Industrial Belt of Mumbai, India
Authors: Singare P.U. , Dhabarde S.S.
Published: December 2022

The paper deals with monitoring of pollution arising due to dyeing industries located along the Dombivali industrial belt of Mumbai, India. The study was carried for the period of one year from June, 2012 to May, 2013 to study the level of toxic heavy metals and the physico-chemical properties of waste water effluents discharged from the above industries. The concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, Fe and Zn were found to be maximum of 44.78, 2.50, 1.75, 1.45, 64.22 and 13.22 ppm respectively in the industrial waste water effluent.It was observed that the pH value was maximum of 12.30 in the month of June while the conductivity was found to be maximum of 48000 μmhos/cm in the month of February. The majority of physco-chemical parameters like alkalinity, salinity and total solid content (TS) were observed to be maximum in the month of February having values of 3578, 44.08 and 40450 ppm respectively. The high cyanide (0.18 ppm) and phosphate (112.90 ppm) levels were reported in the effluents released during the month of March. The industrial effluent released in the month of June was reported to have high hardness, chloride and COD content having the values of 743, 2381, 8957 ppm respectively; while the DO content was found to be very low of 2.77 ppm. The BOD content in the effluents was found to be maximum of 603 ppm in the month of October. The results of present study indicates that the existing situation if mishandled can cause irreparable ecological harm in the long term well masked by short term economic prosperity due to extensive industrial growth.
A New Study to the Schrödinger Equation for Modified Potential V(r)=ar2+br-4+cr-6 in Nonrelativistic Three Dimensional Real Spaces and Phases
Authors: Maireche Abdelmadjid
Published: December 2022

In present work, by applying Boopp’s shift method and standard perturbation theory we have generated exact nonrelativistic bound states solution for a modified potential (see formula in paper) in both three dimensional noncommutative space and phase (NC: 3D-RSP) at first order of two two infinitesimal parameters antisymmetric (see formula in paper), we have also derived the corresponding noncommutative Hamiltonian.
Conventional and Microwave Irradiated Syntheses of New Symmetric Double Schiff Bases of 1,1’-Bis(4-Amino Phenyl)Cyclohexane, their Spectral Characterization and Microbial Activity
Authors: Gangani Bhavesh J. , Parsania Parsotam H.
Published: December 2022

Symmetric double Schiff bases of 1,1’- bis (4-amino phenyl) cyclohexane and substituted aromatic benzaldehydes were synthesized by thermal and microwave irradiated green chemistry techniques. The purity of Schiff bases was checked by TLC. The structure of Schiff bases were supported by UV, FTIR, 1HNMR and MS techniques. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of Schiff bases were checked against gram positive and gram negative microbes. Schiff bases showed moderate antibacterial activity but they showed good comparable antifungal activity against chosen microbes and standard drugs.
Synthesis, Pharmacological and Insect Antifeedant Activities of some 3-(2-Naphthyl)-5-(Substituted Phenyl)-4,5-Dihydroisoxazoles
Authors: Thirunarayanan G. , Sathiyendiran V.
Published: December 2022

Totally thirty one 3,5-substituted aryl 4,5-dihydro isoxazole derivatives including 3-(2-naphthyl)-5-(substituted phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazole have been synthesized by fly-ash:H2SO4 catalyzed cyclization of hydroxylamine hydrochloride and aryl chalcones under solvent-free conditions. The yields of the isoxazoles are more than 94%. The synthesized isoxazole were characterized by their physical constants and spectral data. The antimicrobial, antioxidant and insect antifeedant activities of the synthesized isoxazoles have been evaluated using a variety of bacterial and fungal species, DPPH radical scavenging and castor-leaf disc bioassay of 4th instar larvae Achoea Janata L methods.
Kinetics, Dynamics and Energy of Solid on the Example of a Tool Fixed Flexibly: Part 2 - Dynamics
Authors: Pluta Zdzisław , Hryniewicz Tadeusz
Published: December 2022

This work is a continuation of the problems of kinetics, dynamics, and energy of solid on the example of a tool fixed flexibly under cutting. The work consists with three parts. Part 1 covered the kinetics of the system. Present work is devoted to the dynamics of a tool in the machining space-time. Dynamic characteristics of the whole machining system are considered by determining forces being the measures of particular reasons for material cutting. The reasons are the following forces: gravity, inertia, and repel. In the last Part 3 of the work, a special attention is to be paid to the work description and the energy notion.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of 2-[1-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)Ethylene]Hydrazine Carboxamide and its Zn(II) Metal Complex
Authors: Sonawane Ratnamala P.
Published: December 2022

The synthesis of 2-[1-(2,4- dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene]hydrazinecarboxamide and its Zn(II) metal complex was achieved. 2, 4 dihydroxy acetophenone is synthesized by resorcinol with glacial acetic acid. This further treated with semicarbazide hydrochloride to form its semicarbazone. Zn(II) metal complex was prepared by dissolving equimolar quantities of metal salt and Schiff base ligand in ethanol. All the target compounds were characterized by M.P, TLC and UV-visible and IR spectral data. Antimicrobial activities of these synthesized compounds were studied in sterile saline by Agar well diffusion method against M. luteus, B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa bacteria. All the synthesized compounds have shown good to moderate antimicrobial activity.
Constructing Spray Pyrolysis System for the Preparation of Thin Films and Study the Optical Properties of PbO Films
Authors: Hasan Nahida B. , Mohammed Mohammed Ahmed
Published: December 2022

In this paper, the design of spray pyrolysis system to prepare thin films of various materials system. The study showed that films prepared with good characteristics. films were prepared from lead oxide PbO this way. The study of the optical properties of these films and through recording the absorbance spectrum and transmittance spectrum of films prepared in the wavelength range (300-1100) nm . Optical constant for thin films prepared such as absorption coefficient, the extinction coefficient , the refractive index and the optical energy gap was calculated as well. films prepared found that it has a direct energy gap value 3.1eV.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Novel Palladium (II) Complexes of Active Schiff’s Base Ligand Derived from 5-Bromo Isatin
Authors: Patange Ashok N. , Yadav Uttam M. , Desai Pratik A. , Singare Pravin U.
Published: December 2022

This paper presents the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of Palladium (II) complexes of ThioSemicarbazone Pd (L1H)2Cl2 and Semicarbazone Pd (L2H)2Cl2 derived from 5-Bromo Isatin. All complexes reported here had been characterised by1H NMR and IR spectral studies .the complexes are diamagnetic in nature and showing square planner geometry. The IR spectral data reveals that both the Schiff’s bases behave as bidentate ligands and are co-ordinated to Pd (II) metal through the sulfur and hydrogenic nitrogen atom. All the new synthesized compounds were screened for antibacterial activity against four of the test organisms like Bacillus pumilus, Micrococcus Lutes, E.coli, Salmonella abony.
Cyclic Carbonates Based on Vegetable Oils
Authors: Miloslavskiy D. , Gotlib E. , Figovsky O. , Pashin D.
Published: December 2022

The analysis of literary data on the obtaining of cyclic carbonates based on the vegetable oils has been carried out. The influence on carbonation reaction the type of vegetable oil, the chemical composition and catalyst concentration, state of carbon dioxide, pressure and temperature have thus been considered. The carbonation process of epoxidized oils that are valuable renewable vegetable raw materials is studied insufficiently.
Potassium Response in some Malawi Soils
Authors: Lakudzala Deliwe Dinah
Published: December 2022

Potassium (K) response curves were generated for some Malawi soils using four different rates of potassium fertilizer, with grass being used to estimate plant availability. The study was conducted to find the point of maximum response for potassium. The soils were characterized, limed and fertilized with equal amounts of nitrogen. Potassium was applied at four rates: 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 me K/100 cm3 soil. The K treated soils were put in pots and cropped with grass. The grass was harvested six weeks after planting, dried and weighed. In general, addition of potassium resulted in increased growth of grass in all soils, with some soils showing better response than others. For montmorillonitic soils and soils with mixed mineralogy response was linear up to the highest rate of 0.4 me K/100 cm3. Apparently the 0.4 me K/100 cm3 soil was not enough to give maximum yield for these potassium depleted soils. For the kaolinitic soils 0.4 me K/100 cm3 soil was beyond point of maximum response. The variation of response to added potassium in the different soils calls for soil specific fertilizer additions. Smallholder farmers should move from blanket (crop specific) fertilizer recommendations currently being used to crop and soil specific fertilizer recommendations. Basal fertilizer dressings (starter packs) should always contain potassium. Correlation and calibration studies should be conducted to establish a potassium low optimum level for Malawi soils.
Hotspot Advance Speed - Hotspot Size/Core-Hotspot Length Relation
Authors: Onuchukwu C.C.
Published: December 2022

We examined the evolution of extragalactic radio sources using the observed core-hotspot length and hotspot size. Analysis indicates a fairly strong positive correlation in the ratio of core-hotspot length to hotspot size between that of the approaching arm and the receding arm with a correlation coefficient of r ~ 0.7. Simple kinematic consideration enabled us to obtain an expression to constrain the advance speed of hotspots. In general, the average projected hotspot advance speed estimated for our sample ranges from 0.13 ≤β≤0.40
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of 6-Substituted-2-(Substituted-Phenyl)-Quinoline Derivatives Bearing 4-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole-3-Thiol Ring at C-4 Position
Authors: Vaghasiya R.G. , Ghodasara H.B. , Vachharajani P.R. , Shah Viresh H.
Published: December 2022

Quinoline derivatives represent one of the most active classes of compounds possesses wide spectrum biodynamic activities and use as potent therapeutic agents. In this research work, a synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of 6-substituted-2-(substituted-phenyl)-quinoline derivatives bearing 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol ring at C-4 position is described. The synthesis of quinoline derivatives is carried out by the reaction of substituted quinoline-4-carbohydrazides with a mixture of carbon disulphide and potassium hydroxide which further react with hydrazine hydrate to give final compounds. All of these compounds were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial assay against gram (+ve), gram (-ve) bacteria and fungi activity compared with standard drugs viz., Ampicilin, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Griseofulvin and Nystatin at different concentrations.
Study of Molecular Interactions in Binary Liquid Mixtures Containing Ethyl (Z)-Octadec-9-Enoate and o-Toludine
Authors: Chinnarao D. , Sri Latha M. , Raja K. , Padmarao Ch.V.
Published: December 2022

Density, speed of sound and viscosity have been measured for binary liquid mixture containing Ethyloleate+o-toludine over the entire composition range at temperatures 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. By using these values various parameters like adiabatic compressibility (βad), free volume (Vf), intermolecular free length (Lf), internal pressure (π) and their excess values have been calculated. The intermolecular interactions and structural effects are analyzed on the basis of the measured and derived properties.
Comparative Adsorption of Methylene Blue on Different Low Cost Adsorbents by Continuous Column Process
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Abul , Mahbbat Ali Md. , Islam Tajmeri Selima Akhter
Published: December 2022

Dyes are commonly found in the effluents of many industries. The effectiveness of adsorption for the removal of dye from wastewaters has been made it an ideal alternative to other expensive treatment methods. Continuous column adsorption is more affective than batch adsorption. A comparative column adsorption study was performed using three different low cost adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue from synthetic wastewater. Sand was collected from Cox’s Bazar, and sugarcane bagasse and used black tea leaves were locally prepared in laboratory. Three columns were designed for different adsorbents maintaining all conditions were to be approximately similar. UV-vis spectroscopic method was used for analysis of methylene blue in solution. Column adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the comparison of breakthrough curves and exhaust capacity of three different adsorbents. Column study shows that the adsorption capacity of used black tea leaves is highest. The adsorption capacity of bagasse is lower than tea leaves but higher than sand.
Synthesis of Polyaniline on an Aquatic Plant
Authors: Wang Aohan , Kikuchi Ryosuke , Goto Hiromasa
Published: December 2022

Polyaniline was synthesised on the surface of Oedogonium sp. in the water medium for producing a bio/synthetic polymer composite. Infrared absorption (IR) and electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) measurements for the samples were carried out. Surface observation was carried out with the polarising optical microscopy (POM) and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Polymerisation reaction was progressed on the surface of Oedogonium sp. as a bio-template. Synthesis of PANI on a bacillariophyceae (diatom) was also carried out
Modification of Surface Properties of Silicon Wafers by Laser-Assisted Electrochemical Etching
Authors: Hadi Hasan A
Published: December 2022

In this paper, the structural properties of porous silicon layer PSL were reported. Photo-assisted (laser) electrochemical etching PECE technique used to fabrication PSL from n-type wafer silicon as a function of etching time. Optical microscopy OM image is confirmed that the surface topography of porous silicon layer formation was a mud-like structure. The porosity and thickness have been determined gravimetrically are varied from 61% to 82% and 7.2 µm to 9.4µm respectively. The XRD patterns show that one diffraction peak for all PSL through anodization duration and it is assigned to the (400) plane and data confirmed the porous silicon PS was nanocrystalline.
Insect Antifeedant Potent Unsaturated 1,3-Oxazine-2-Amines
Authors: Thirunarayanan Ganesamoorthy , Renuka V. , Sekar K.G. , Lakshmanan K. , Anbarasu K.
Published: December 2022

Insect antifeedant activities of some halo substituted aryl 1,3-oxazine-2-amines have been measured using 4th instar larvae Achoea janata L by castor leaf discs-Dethler’s method. The highly halo substituted oxazine amines have shown good insect antifeedant activities. The 1,3-oxazine amines have been synthesised by greener method by solvent-free cyclization of aryl enones with urea under microwave irradiation. The yields of the oxazines were more than 80%. The synthesised oxazines were characterized by their physical constants, analytical and spectroscopic data.
Guest-Host Inclusion Complex Formation of 2-, 3-, and 4-Aminobenzoic Acids with Native and Modified Cyclodextrins
Authors: Rajendiran Narayanasamy , Thulasidhasan J. , Jenita M. Jude
Published: December 2022

The inclusion complexation of 2-aminobenzoic acid (2ABA), 3-aminobenzoic acid (3ABA), and 4-aminobenzoic acid (4ABA) with α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), hydroxypropyl-α-cyclodextrin (HP-α-CD) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) were studied in buffer solutions of different pHs (pH~1 and pH~7) and it was carried out using UV-Visible, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence. Dual fluorescence was observed for all the compounds in aqueous and CD medium. All the ABAs forms 1:1 inclusion complex at pH ~ 1 solution and mixture of 1:1 and 1:2 inclusion complex at pH ~7. With CDs, dual luminescence appeared at pH ~ 1 indicates, both NH3+ and COOH groups are present in the interior of the CDs cavities. FT-IR, 1H NMR, results suggest ABAs formed a stable inclusion complex with the CDs.
Probability Densities of Superconductors
Authors: Wijewardena Gamalath K A I L , Udeni G.D.K.N.
Published: December 2022

The energy, current density and momentum probability densities of superconductors were studied from London, Ginzburg-Landau and BSC theories by treating cooper pair as a particle moving in a magnetic field through analytical and numerical techniques. The London and GL solution were exactly the same at the classical limit for NbN. Considering a Cooper pair as a complete classical particle, the momentum probability density was derived by using the Maxwell velocity distribution and the quantum mechanical momentum probability density was derived by using the radial wave function of the cooper pairs for Zn. The quantum mechanical and classical momentum probability densities overlap at zero momentum.
Preparation and Study of CdO-CdO2 Nanoparticles for Solar Cells Applications
Authors: Jadduaa Muneer H. , Habubi Nadir Fadhil , Ckal Alaa Z.
Published: December 2022

—In this study, (CdO) thin film, which was prepared by chemical method and deposited by drop casting technique on glass and silicon substrates have been studied . The structural, optical and chemical analysis were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements reveal that the (CdO) thin film was polycrystalline, cubic structure and there is no trace of the other material. UV-Vis measurements assure that the energy gap of (CdO) thin film was found to be 2.5eV. I-V characterization of the solar cell under illumination at 40mW/cm2 fluence was investigated . The open circuit voltage (Voc) was 4.1V and short-circuit current density (Isc) was 1.44 mA. These measurements show that the fill factor (FF) and the conversion efficiency (η) ,were 36.2% and 6.8% respectively.
Fabrication and Characterization of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles/PSi Heterodiode
Authors: Abdul Majeed Aseel M. , Abd Ahmed N. , Hussein Ali A. , Habubi Nadir F.
Published: December 2022

Copper oxides are one of the metal oxides , that has been studied for several reasons such as the nature and their reasonably good electrical and optical properties by Cu2O Copper formed two known oxides : cupric (CuO) and curprous (Cu2O) were p-type with a band gap energy 1.21 to 1.51 eV and 2.1 to 2.6 eV respectively [1-3]. On the other hand CuO with different nanoshape has been synthesized by different methods in many research papers [4-10]
Photochemical Studies of Eichhornia crassipes (Water Hyacinth)
Authors: Ratan Amrita , Verma Vishwa Nath
Published: December 2022

Eichhornia crassipes is a floating macrophyte. It is capable of assimilating large quantities of toxic metals, some of which are essential for plant growth. Water Hyacinth grows rapidly in water with a high level of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorous. The plants have been shown to absorb trace elements such as Silver (Ag), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Copper (Cu) reported by Lu et al [1]. The purpose of this study is to determine the distribution of heavy metals in different parts of the Water Hyacinth . Such a detail study has been taken for the first time. It is expected that the metal distribution within the plant species would be a representation of the concentration and distribution of the water in which it is found. Plants have the ability to accumulate non-essential and essential trace elements and this ability could be harnessed to remove pollutant metals from the environment. Aluminum, cadmium, calcium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium and zinc have been found in different amounts in roots, stems, leaves and flowers.
Environmentally and Economically Feasibility Manufacturing Process of Potassium Nitrate for Small Scale Industries: A Review
Authors: Joshi Chirag S. , Shukla Manish R. , Patel Krunal , Joshi Jigar S. , Sahu Omprakash
Published: December 2022

Potassium Nitrate (PN) is of the basic need of chemical industry. With increase of demand in different production section of fertilizer, pharmaceutical, explosive, food industry etc, potassium nitrate the production becoming non economical to industry. The operating conditions and parameters are the main factors, which responsible for maximised the profits. The main aim of this study is to compared the production potassium nitrate in profitable as well as environmentally suitability way. From the literature different manufacturing process has been summarized for concluding this study.
Microwave Irradiated and Conventional Syntheses of Halogenated Symmetric Double Schiff Bases, their Spectral and Microbial Study
Authors: Gangani Bhavesh J. , Parsania Parsotam H.
Published: December 2022

The aim of the present work was to discover various synthetic route of biological active halogenated symmetric double Schiff bases of 1,1’-bis (4-aminophenyl) cyclohexane, their spectral and microbial study. Symmetric double Schiff base ligands of halogenated benzaldehyde and 1,1’-bis (4-aminophenyl) cyclohexane were synthesized by conventional and green chemistry approach. The purity of Schiff bases was checked by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The structures of these ligands were elucidated by UV, FTIR, 1HNMR and MS; and assayed for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Bacillus megaterium (B.mega), Proteus vulgaris (P. vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Aspergillus niger (A. niger)The minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) of the compounds were studied by cup plate method. Schiff bases revealed moderate antimicrobial activity and good antifungal activity against chosen standard drugs and microorganisms.
Thermo-Acoustical Study of Biologically Active 1,1’-Bis(3-Methyl-4-Carboxyethylphenoxy) Cyclohexane at Four Different Temperatures
Authors: Dhaduk Bhavin. B. , Parsania Parsotam H.
Published: December 2022

Density (ρ), viscosity (η), ultrasonic speed (U), and thermo-acoustical parameters such as specific acoustical impedance (Z), adiabatic compressibility (κa), internal pressure (π), free volume (Vf), inter molecular free path length (Lf), Van der Waals constant (b), viscous relaxation time (τ), classical absorption coefficient (α/f2)cl, Rao’s molar sound function (Rm), solvation number (Sn), Gibbs free energy of activation (ΔG*), enthalpy of activation (ΔH*) and entropy of activation (ΔS*) of biologically active 1,1’-bis (3-methyl-4-carboxyethylphenoxy) cyclohexane (BMCPC) in 1,4-dioxane (DO), ethyl acetate (EA), tetrahydrofuran (THF) have been studied at four different temperatures: 298, 303, 308 and 313 K to understand the molecular interactions in the solutions. A good to excellent correlation between a given parameter and concentration is observed at all temperatures and solvent systems studied. Linear increase or decrease [except (α/f2)cl ] of acoustical parameters with concentration and temperature indicated the existence of strong molecular interactions. ΔG* decreased linearly with increasing concentration and temperature in DO and EA systems and increased with temperature in THF system. ΔH* and ΔS* are found practically concentration independent in case of DO and EA system but both are found concentration dependent in THF system.
Mathematical Gateway to Complementary Hidden Variables in Macrophysics
Authors: Czajko Jakub
Published: December 2022

It is shown that even physically meaningful and experimentally confirmed formulas of physics and mathematics can be extended by enabling some previously unrecognized (or considered as just fixed) parameters to either vary independently and thus reveal them as previously hidden variables or to turn them into fixed exposure functions whose cumulative impact varies along yet another formerly hidden variable. Uncovering of hidden variables requires (new) synthetic approach to mathematics. The need for revealing hidden variables is prompted mainly by unanticipated experimental results, whose more precise outcomes apparently challenge the previously espoused paradigms upon which those simpler former formulas had been established. Operational rules of calculus can reveal the hidden variables that could extend the laws of classical physics whose predictions disagree with new experimental evidence. Presence of such variables has already been confirmed in several experiments.
Novel s-Triazinyl Schiff Base/Chalcone Congeners: Rational, Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Anti-TB Evaluation
Authors: Lakum Harshad P. , Shah Dhruvin R. , Chikhalia Kishor H.
Published: December 2022

The occurrence of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) infectious microbial strains has been increased upto alarming level which affects the public health worldwide. To cure this problem, a library of s-triazinyl derivatives comprising schiff base or chalcone motif have been rationalized, synthesized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against five bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96, Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441, Escherichia coli MTCC 739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 741 and Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 109) and four fungal strains (Aspergillus niger MTCC 282, Aspergillus fumigates MTCC 343, Aspergillus clavatus MTCC 1323, Candida albicans MTCC 183) using broth dilution technique. All the newly synthesized scaffolds were further evaluated for their in vitro anti-TB efficacy against the tubercular strain (Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv) using Lowenstein-Jensen MIC method. All the derivatives were well characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis as well as mass spectroscopy.
Polarized Raman Spectra of α Quartz
Authors: Islam Md Mahfujul , Datchi Fredric
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this experiment was to observe the Raman shift to assign the symmetry character of the obtained vibrational modes of α-quartz (which has 9 atom per unit cell) using the selection rules for Raman Effect. We observed the Raman spectra varying the polarization of the incoming beam and the orientation of the crystal. And we used monochromatic radiation of argon laser of wavelength 540 nm for our Raman spectroscopy. We observed the intensity of light rotating the polarizer to vertical position from its horizontal position with respect to the plane of the optical table where the laser is placed and measured the Raman spectra over an energy from 50 to 1250 cm-1 using the laser power of 1W and an acquisition time of 10 sec. averaging over 2 acquisitions. From our experiment we can see that here is 4symmetry for A1 which is predicted on our vibrational modes. However for E symmetry mode we have observed 14 vibrational modes but as E is doubly degenerate there should be 16 vibrational modes on the Raman active modes in the α quartz, as we can see that there are two vibration missing ,it happens may be due to noise on the surroundings. We got different peaks due to the different intensities and the different orientation of the laser beam hitting the sample on different angle. The different intensities of the peaks for the different orientation might be due to the laser beam hitting the samples at different angles due to differences in the orientation of the surfaces. We also found that the biggest amount of the re-radiated light was vibrating horizontally, i.e. in the same direction as the laser beam hitting the sample.
Nanoadsorbents for the Preconcentration of some Toxic Substances: A Minireview
Authors: Saini Shivender Singh , Kaur Anupreet
Published: December 2022

The development of new sorbents and their application in preconcentration methods for determination of trace analytes is subject of great interest. Sample pretreatment methods, such as separation/preconcentration prior to the determination of metal ions have developed rapidly due to the increasing need for accurate and precise measurements at extremely low levels of ions in diverse matrices. This review summarizes and discusses several analytical methods involving the preparation and use of new solid phase extractant. A literature survey of the last ten years offering a critical review of these new sorbents available for use in trace analyte enrichment is provided.