bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biocontrol Potential of Endophytic Fungi against Orobanche Infestations in Fruit Crops: A Case Study in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Ukpene A. O. , Oduma E. O.
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the potential of endophytic fungi as biocontrol agents against Orobanche infestations in fruit crops such as chickpea, soybean, lentil, and pea plants from different sites in Ika agricultural habitats in Delta State, Nigeria, using appropriate standard methods. Fusarium sp. showed significant inhibition of Orobanche crenata (75%) by mycotoxin production and Penicillium sp. (65%) by biocombustion. Field trials showed a significant reduction in Orobanche-infested areas, with Fusarium sp. (40% to 10%) and Penicillium sp. (30% to 10%) treatments showing significant yield improvement (20% and 22%, respectively). The study concluded that selected fungi, especially Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp., are effective control agents for Orobanche in legume crops. This information contributes to sustainable agriculture by providing environmentally friendly alternatives to pesticides, crop yields, and economic losses from plants, and it reduces the incidence of pests.
Toxicological Assessment of Aluminium Extrusion Effluent on the Water Quality of Okatankwo River in Akabo Ikeduru, Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Anunihu C. L. , Udochukwu U. , Ekenasi U. D.
Published: September 2024

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and heavy metals content of water from Okatankwo River in Ikeduru Local Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. Ni and Cu had an average value of 3.21mg/l and 13.53mg/l, Ca had an average value of 316.6mg/l, TDS 1741.4 mg/l and TSS 949.33mg/l. Data obtained show that concentrations of some of these heavy metals were much higher than the maximum permissible limits. From the effluent sample, Ni and Cu were found to be at highly elevated levels, also Ca, TDS and TSS exceeded the permissible limits. Other heavy metals and physicochemical parameters were within the WHO and SON standard guidelines. Possible sources of these metals could be the aluminium processing industry which is located along the Okatankwo River. It could be recommended that industrial effluent be properly treated before discharge into the Okatankwo River to prevent further pollution and contamination of the water.
Evaluation of Fat and Water Soluble Vitamins Composition of Mature (Yellow) Carica papaya Leaf
Authors: Igbashio M. D. , Eluehike N. , Oriakhi K.
Published: September 2024

Vitamins are a broad group of molecules with unique chemical, biological, and structural characteristics that are necessary for a normal metabolic process. This research evaluated the fat and water-soluble vitamin composition of mature (yellow) Carica papaya leaf using standard analytical techniques. The results obtained from the analyses revealed that mature (yellow) Carica papaya leaf contained the following fat-soluble vitamins: vitamins A (5.08 mg/100g), Vitamin D (3.14 mg/100g), Vitamin E (15.47 mg/100g), and Vitamin K (8.03 mg/100g), while the water-soluble vitamins include Vitamin B1 (0.019 mg/100g), Vitamin B2 (0.018 mg/100g), Vitamin B3 (0.610 mg/100g), Vitamin B6 (0.0231 mg/100g), Vitamin 12 (4.415 mg/100g), and Vitamin C (60.41 mg/100g). The study has shown that the mature (yellow) leaf of Carica papaya is a rich source of both fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, which may be used in the formulation of multivitamin food supplements.
Physicochemical Limnology and Water Quality Assessment of Ten Surface Water Bodies in Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Okoye G. U. , Ogbebor J. U.
Published: September 2024

The objective of this paper was to assess the physicochemical limnology and water quality assessment of ten surface water bodies in Edo State, Nigeria to determine their suitability for drinking, provide information on water quality status to the concerned public as well as providing baseline information that can be used as reference for further studies using appropriate standard techniques. Results revealed that pH, colour, turbidity, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, sulphate, nitrate and phosphate 5.52 – 7.06, 1.0 – 5.5 PtCoU, 3.5 -23.0 NTU, 11.0 -75.5 mg/L,  21.0 – 152.5µS/cm, 25.0 – 106.5 mg/L, 3.0 – 40.8 mg/L, 0.18 – 7.40 mg/L, 0.13 – 2.77 mg/L, 5.76 – 8.92 mg/L, 3.12 – 6.87 mg/L, 9.5 – 24.5 mg/L, 0.2 – 2.60 mg/L and 0.05 – 0.49 mg/L respectively. From the results of the physicochemical analyses, the water quality index score of the rivers was computed using the Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index method and the values obtained indicated that 60% of the sampled rivers were classified as having grade C quality (51 – 75), while 40% were of the grade D category (76 -100). Maximum index score (79.72) was recorded at Eruvbi River while the lowest index value (59.32) was redorded at Ugbogor River. Overall, this study found that the water quality of all chosen rivers is poor and unfit for drinking without previous treatment, although they are appropriate for irrigation and industrial usage.
A Review on the Exploration of Genomic Approaches to Malaria Prevention and Treatment in Nigeria
Authors: Aderoyeje T. G. , Erhuanga O. G.
Published: September 2024

Malaria poses a significant global health challenge, with nearly half a million deaths annually, predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa. Nigeria alone accounts for over 24% of global cases, with severe impacts on children under five and pregnant women. Hence, this review explores the various genomic approaches being employed in the fight against malaria, including genomic surveillance of Plasmodium parasites, genetic modification of mosquito vectors, and host genomic studies for personalized medicine by harvesting information from Online sources and libraries. Information obtained reveals that Traditional control methods—such as insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying, and antimalarial drugs—face challenges like drug resistance and vector adaptation. Recent advances in genomic technologies offer promising new avenues for malaria prevention and treatment by providing insights into the biology of the parasite, mosquito vector, and human host.
Use of Tungsten Inert Gas Welding on Mild Steel Weldment to Optimize Welding Process Variables on Electrode Melting Rate
Authors: Osadiaye N. H. , Achebo J. I.
Published: September 2024

One of the most crucial factors taken into account when evaluating the performance of Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding is the Electrode Melting Rate, which shows how much of the heat deposited by the welding operation is used to generate melting. A dense weld pool forms in the field of welding when there is a good melting rate. Therefore, this paper investigates the use of tungsten inert gas welding on mild steel weldment to optimize welding process variables on electrode melting rate employing Artificial Neural Networks and Response Surface Methodology in the analysis. The ideal electrode melting rate of 4.6539 mm/s can be achieved by combining the following parameters: wire diameter of 2.55 mm, welding speed of 3.02 mm/s, and welding current of 208.22A, according to the RSM results. R values of 0.9119 were displayed by the RSM for the electrode melting rate. A regression plot of the ANN results indicates that the total R value is 0.93807. Because the Artificial Neural Network's output fits the experimental data more closely than the Response Surface Methodology's, it is chosen as the superior predictive model.
Assessment of Sanitation Services and Practices among Local Community in West B Municipality in Zanzibar Island, United Republic of Tanzania
Authors: Ali R. K. , Ndunguru E. M.
Published: September 2024

Good basic sanitation services and practices are essential in maintaining generally accepted standards for personal hygiene and public health. The objective of this paper is to assess the sanitation services and practices among the local community in West B Municipality in Zanzibar Island, United Republic of Tanzania. The study uses a cross-sectional study design. Raosoft online sample calculator was used to determine the sample size while systematic random sampling was applied to select the respondents. Results show that a substantial proportion of the community uses on-site sanitation systems by which excreta and wastewater are collected and stored in containments within the vicinity, requiring emptying when full. Many toilets have security issues as they lack privacy and user comfort. About 28.8% have unlockable doors, 21.2% have fixed clothing curtains and 3.8% are completely open. In the area, Indian-type squat toilets are dominant (78.75%), followed by traditional pit latrines (20%). A slightly large percentage (55%) of households use motorised but the remaining percentage (45%) use non-motorised means of emptying and transportation. The study further found limited or ineffectual use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) among the sludge workers, thus risking their health and safety. The conveyed sludge waste is usually taken to a designated treatment plant, disposed of in excavated pits or dumped openly in the forest. This implies that sanitation services and practices in West B are inadequate, leading to disease transmission due to environmental pollution. The study recommends compliance with standards and guidelines, awareness and advocacy, technological innovations, stakeholder involvement and research and development on sanitation services and practices.
Water quality index of selected borehole locations in Jos North LGA of Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Dodo Juliet D. , Uzogara Harrison A. , Maton Samuel M. , Eseyin Anthonia E.
Published: September 2024

Prevalence of water borne diseases is a public health concern. The study assessed the quality of selected borehole waters in Jos North for their potability. The physicochemical parameters were assessed in addition to chlorides, phosphates, nitrates, and sulphates, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, total hardness, using standard methods. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry used for elemental analysis of samples for manganese, lead, cadmium, copper and zinc. microbial analysis was carried out to test for presence of anaerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, yeast and mould, Staphylococcus aureus using the plate count method. Water Quality Index by Weighted Arithmetic Index Method. Results ranged from 22.19-56.22 mg/L (chlorides), 0.00-0.07 mg/L (phosphates), 0.11-0.19 mS/cm (conductivity), 141.40-169.40 mg/L (alkalinity) and 86.70-160 mg/L (TSS). Kyan Primary school had Mn 0.632 mg/L against 0.500mg/L recommended by WHO. Microbial analysis revealed that Kyan primary school had 1 cfu per 100 mL water for E. coli, Salmonella typhi, yeast and mould. This indicated faecal contamination. The WQI revealed Village hostel, Kyan Village, Gadabiu had values of 6.54, 19.41, 10.97 are potable, Government College, Angwan Jarawa, Kyan Primary school had 28.90, 61.50, 93.60 are potable, poor, very poor, not potable.
EDITORIAL: Human Rights, the Sustainable Development Goals and Social Work Practice
Authors: Raniga Tanusha , Boecker Michael
Published: September 2024

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Transcending boundaries on unequal ground: A critical reimagination of global North-South cooperation on social work practice and the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Munoangira Nomusa , Mzinyane Bongane , Charamba Sunungurayi , Simango Tapiwa G.
Published: September 2024

Using collaborative autoethnography, this article encapsulates the rich discourse that unfolded during a symposium titled: "Human Rights, The Sustainable Development Goals and Social Work Practice in Germany and Africa". The symposium was a testament to the collaborative synergy between Fachhochschule Dortmund in Germany, Midlands State University (MSU) in Zimbabwe, the University of Johannesburg, and the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) in South Africa. This scientific event was an academic convergence where researchers and postgraduate social work students shared research, experiences and insights from the Global North and South, offering a mosaic of perspectives on critical issues. It illuminated shared challenges that transcended geographical boundaries. Poverty, climate change, and social injustice were common but contextually unique across the three countries. In this paper, we employ critical and world systems theories to reflect on the symposium. The discussions and reflections underscore social work's strategic position to inform context-specific anti-poverty, climate change discourse, anti-racism and collaborative efforts to combat economic disparities. This paper encourages the power of sustainable partnerships, dialogue, and shared learning across geographical and socio-economic boundaries. Collaborative efforts between Global North and South universities provide a platform for cross-cultural learning and mutual capacity building amongst postgraduate students.
The relevance of indigenous knowledge systems in social work education and practice in Zimbabwe: A human rights perspective
Authors: Mwapaura Kudzai , Mushunje Mildred , Charamba Sunungurayi , Risinamhodzi Netsai , Simango Tapiwanashe G.
Published: September 2024

Indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) are central to communities in Africa. They shape, influence, and define the behaviour of societies. Most communities in Zimbabwe have consistently recognised the human rights of individuals. Understanding how IKS can influence social work theory and practice to uphold human rights is important. Human rights are an inherent part of the social work profession. The article explores the views of social work educators in Zimbabwe on the intersection of IKS and human rights in social work education and practice. Data were qualitatively collected from ten purposefully selected social work educators using an instrumental case study design. Evidence from the participants shows four essential aspects, which are, the relevance of indigenous knowledge systems in social work education and practice in Zimbabwe, the role of indigenous knowledge systems in the application of human rights in social work in Zimbabwe, ways to utilise IKS best to uphold human rights; the challenges faced by educators in utilising indigenous knowledge systems in social work in Zimbabwe. The article concludes that IKS upholds human rights perspectives in social work theory and practice.  The article recommends that IKS, informed by a human rights perspective, be integrated into social work education and practice in Zimbabwe and practised at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels.
Candidate Runaway Stars in the Cluster NGC 2180
Authors: Ambaye Kahsay Efrem , Mengesha Gebrehiwot Yikdem
Published: September 2024

The relative proper motions and tangential velocities of four stars from the cluster NGC 2180 are investigated using Gaia DR3 data. Our approach is to subtract the mean proper motion of the fields (the stars within a 1” radius around each target star) and the cluster from the motion of the target stars to calculate the relative proper motions with respect to their field and the cluster, respectively.  From the relative proper motions of the target stars with respect to the field stars and the distance to the center of the cluster, we estimated the relative tangential velocities of our target stars. We use the astrometric excess noise information to filter the field stars from star-like objects, such as unresolved binaries. To eliminate foreground contaminations of the field stars used to figure out the relative proper motions of the target stars, we made a parallax cut, Color Magnitude Diagram (CMD) cut, and proper motion (PM) selection. The flight times of the target stars to the cluster NGC 2180 (kinematic ages) are calculated using angular separations from the cluster and their relative proper motions with respect to the cluster. All of the target stars have kinematic ages less than the age of the cluster. The stars, ID1 and ID3 have and with respect to their fields, which corresponds to the relative velocities respectively. These two stars could be runaways from the cluster because they have flight times from the cluster agreed with late ejection from the cluster and have larger proper.  The remaining two stars, ID 2 and ID 4 have and with respect to the fields, which corresponds to the relative velocities and respectively, and could not be runaways as they have smaller proper motions, although their flight times to the cluster agreed with late ejection from the cluster.
Comparative characterizations of plant and mineral dye as potential photosensitizer in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Samson Ibukun Akinsola , Aderemi Babatunde Alabi , Nicola Coppede
Published: September 2024

The advent of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) has expansively seen more studies as an alternative to silicon-based and thin-film solar cells due to their simple structure and relatively low production cost. In dye-sensitized solar cells, the dye is one of the major components for high power conversion efficiencies. The extracted dyes were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, Scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry analysis. The structure of the mineral dye contains constituents that enhance better absorption of solar radiation for use in a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). The calcium and iron content of the mineral dye studied as revealed by the mineralogical analysis done using the powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) and the x-ray fluorescence (XRF) suggest this. These metals serve as bounding complexes to other organic components in the dye, like in the case of Ruthenium complexes dye for efficient absorption of solar radiation, especially in the visible light region. The functional groups present in the dye also confirm what favors good absorption of solar radiation for DSSC application. The Organic chemical compositions present in the mineral dye which were obtained by the Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry analysis also confirm the functional groups of carbonyl, Amine, and hydroxyl revealed by FTIR, which were responsible for solar radiation absorption. There are strong absorption narrow bands in the visible region with peaks at around 424 nm (2.903 a.u) and 486 nm (2.973 a.u). Optical band gaps of 1.66 eV and 2.27 eV for the mineral dye and plant dye respectively, were obtained. The properties of the dyes studied give potential substitutes to the relatively expensive ruthenium-based dyes for use in DSSC fabrication.
Vibrational Frequencies of Tetrachloroethylene using Lie Algebraic Framework
Authors: Teppala Sreenivas , Jaliparthi Vijayasekhar
Published: September 2024

This study employs a sophisticated computational approach to predict tetrachloroethylene's higher overtone vibrational frequencies (C2Cl4) up to the fourth overtone. We utilize a Lie algebraic framework within the context of the vibrational Hamiltonian. The method involves replacing tetrachloroethylene's carbon-chlorine (C-Cl) bonds with unitary Lie algebras. The resulting Hamiltonian is written in terms of Casimir and Majorana's invariant operators and parameters. The derived Hamiltonian operator effectively characterizes the stretching vibrations inherent to the molecular structure. This approach enhances our understanding of the vibrational dynamics of tetrachloroethylene at higher overtones, offering valuable insights for applications in diverse scientific and technological fields.
Effect of Treatment of Malaria and Diabetes with Aqueous Extract of Anthocleista Djalonensis in Mice
Authors: Akachukwu Doris , Opara Chinazum , Igwe Gloria Daniel , Onwenaruwa Grace , Ibeh Chukwuemeka
Published: September 2024

Anthocleista djalonensis is a medicinal plant that has been used to treat malaria, jaundice, abscesses and diabetes. The study assessed  the effects of aqueous extract of A. djalonensis leaves on some biochemical indices in the treatment of malaria and diabetes. Twenty-four  mice used were randomly assigned into six groups numbering four each and provided with feed and water ad libitum. Group 1  (control) received water and feed only. Groups 2, 3, 4 5 and 6 received 200 mg/kg body weight of extract; 5 mg/kg body weight of chloroquine, 400 mg/kg body weight extract, 2 mg/kg body weight glibenclamide 5 mg/kg body weight chloroquine and 2 mg/kg body  weight glibenclamide respectively for seven days. Phytochemical screening of A. djalonensis leaves revealed the presence of alkaloids,  phenols, saponins, steroids, flavonoids and tannins at 6.76 ± 0.03, 0.61 ± 0.01, 2.11 ± 0.02, 0.89 ± 0.01, 3.10 ± 0.03 and 1.13 ± 0.01 %  respectively. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity of Groups 5 and 6 were significantly (p<0.05) higher  compared to the control. There were no visible histological changes in liver and kidney. Results of this study suggest that A. djalonensis is  relatively safe for the treatment of diabetes and malaria at the administered doses.
Cryptosporidium Infection Among Slaughtered Cattle in Igboora, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Adelakun Olubukola Deborah , Akande Foluke Adedayo , Bakre Adetolase Azeezat , Akporube Kelechi , Ola-Daniel Fiyinfoluwa , Daramola Oluwatola F. , Alabi Peter Ibukunoluwa
Published: September 2024

Cryptosporidium is an enteric protozoan of gastrointestinal tracts that cause life threatening diarrhea in the young, as well as,  malnourished or immune-compromised adult animals. It is sustained in the environment by continual shedding through asymptomatic  carrier via contamination. This study evaluated the presence of 250 cattle prior to slaughtering at Igboora slaughter slabs, Oyo State,  Nigeria. Faecal samples were collected per rectum processed and analyzed for Cryptosporidium oocyst which were confirmed by their  Pinkish red spherical ovoid shape with halo against a green background. The age, sex, breed and body condition score of each of cattle  were also noted. Out of the 250 sampled cattle, 22% (55/250) were positive for Cryptosporidium. Higher prevalence of Cryptosporidium  oocysts was detected in females (22.2%) compared to males (21.2%), and in the younger (23.3%) compared to older cattle (15%). Among the breeds of cattle screened, the highest prevalence was recorded in Sokoto Gudali (41.7%) while Cross breeds had the least prevalence  (19.4%). Also, the highest prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts was detected in cattle with lean Body Condition Score (29.4%). No  statistically significant difference was observed among all the variables (p>0.05). This study has shown the occurrence of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle slaughtered in Igboora. It is therefore advised that sanitation measures including proper sewage and dung disposal be  put in place to prevent further transmission among cattle and to human beings .
Production and characterization of bacteriocin from lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented food products
Authors: Abiom L. A. , Ire F.S. , Ahaotu I.
Published: September 2024

Bacteriocin is a natal antimicrobial which can be exploited to evade the inevitability of adding chemical preservatives to food products. This study is aimed at the production and characterization of bacteriocin from Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fermented food products. Sixteen (16) samples of various fermented food products (abacha, fufu, ogi and yoghurt) were screened for the presence of bacteriocin producing LAB using agar well diffusion method. The strain designated C6 was selected for further studies due to its broad inhibitory effect on the growth of all tested organisms (Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 33090, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MN 515053, Listeria innocua ATCC 2127, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida spp and Aspergillus terrus MN907795). Molecular characterization spotted C6 isolated from yoghurt as Lactobacillus fermentum (accession no. MN907811). Purification of the antimicrobial substance was achieved using High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with nisin as Standard which revealed it to be bacteriocin a proteinaceous antimicrobial that is stable to heat and organic solvents. Effect of substrate level on the growth of Lactobacillus fermentum and optimization of physicochemical parameters on bacteriocin production revealed optimum condition of 1.0 % glucose, 0.5 % sodium nitrate, pH of 6.0, incubation temperature of 35°C for 72h. This makes Lactobacillus fermentum and its bacteriocin a good antagonistic agent for exploitation in pharmaceutical and food processing industries as well as in the field of biotechnology.
The effects of organic waste on the postharvest fungal attack and disease severity on Irvingia gabonensis kernels
Authors: Dengimo K. , Teke E.C.
Published: September 2024

The effects of organic waste, orange peels and charcoal on the postharvest fungal attack and disease severity on Irvingia gabonensis kernels stored for six (6) months was investigated. Irvingia gabonensis kernels were treated with orange peels and charcoal and the fungal load and diversity were determined using standard microbiological techniques. The study revealed that the same fungal species which include Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillusniger, Aspergillus terreus and Mucorspp were encountered in both treatment and control. Furthermore, it was observed that disease severity in the treatment sample reduced by 50 % on the average. The kernels stored in bags without treatment was discoloured and lost its market value whereas 86-88% of kernels stored in bags with either dried orange peels or charcoal remained in good condition. It was observed that the fungal load which ranged 1 CFU/g - too many to count in the control was significantly higher than those stored in bottles with treatment (1-3CFU/g). In orange peel treated kernels Aspergillus fumigatus was the most occurring fungal isolate (3 CFU/g). Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucor spp. were the most occurring in charcoal treated kernels with 2 CFU/g. while Mucor spp. was the most occurring (25 CFU/g) in the control, closely followed by Aspergillus fumigatus (14 CFU/g). Orange peels and charcoal were effective in reducing fungal spoilage of kernels and would prove useful in reducing postharvest loss.
Iv vitro synergistic antimicrobial interactions between the extract of Azadirachta indica and antibiotics against Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Ngwu Maria I , Ngwu Godwin I , Berebon Dinebari P. , Emencheta Stephen C , Ibezim Emmanuel C
Published: September 2024

This study aims to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial interactions between crude aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica and standard antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin, and norfloxacin. Using checkerboard techniques with Bacillus subtilis as the test microorganism, the synergistic effect of Azadirachta indica and antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin), was determined. The checkerboard assay presented FIC indices indicative of synergy, particularly notable with the combination of A. indica extract and the antibiotics. Specifically, with the 4:6, 8:2, and 9:1 ratios of ciprofloxacin and 1.9 to 9:1 of norfloxacin. These results suggest a potentiation of antibacterial effects when the plant extract is used in conjunction with conventional antibiotics. The synergistic interaction could potentially reduce the required doses of antibiotics, thereby minimizing side effects and the risk of antibiotic resistance.
Interference cancellation system of a microwave resonator filter for 4G and 5G applications
Authors: Onaifo F. , Ogbeide K.O. , Omoze E.L.
Published: September 2024

This paper aimed at designing a microwave resonator filter for use in 4G and 5G applications. A band resonator filter was designed and implemented using microstrip technology. Poor performance of a microstrip microwave resonator filter is due to spurious harmonics and unwanted frequencies which are always present and cause interferences of signals hindering effective communication. The coupling matrix was first obtained using polynomial functions of transmission and reflection coefficients. A cost function for optimization was developed and particle swarm optimization techniques were used to optimize the coupling matrix. The transversal matrix was developed and converted to the folded matrix for practical filter implementation. A bandpass filter was designed and simulated using high- frequency structure simulator software. Unwanted frequencies are eliminated by employing a novel square open loop resonator structure. The filter was designed  to specification and the results show that unwanted frequencies were eliminated corresponding to the frequency of the outer resonator and therefore performs better than comparable filter.
Multicriteria evaluations for sand production potentials: a case study from a producing oil field in the Niger Delta Basin (Nigeria)
Authors: Nnurum E.U. , Tse A.C. , Ugwueze C.U. , Chiazor F.I.
Published: September 2024

Geomechanical evaluation of three wells in an onshore Niger Delta Oil Field in which some reservoirs have histories of free water production was carried out to predict their potential for sand production. The mechanical characteristics of the reservoirs, such as the Poisson ratio (v), shear modulus (G), elastic modulus (E), bulk modulus (Kb), and bulk compressibility, were calculated using petrophysical parameters such as s-velocity (Vs), p-velocity (Vp), gamma ray index (IGR), the volume of shale (Vsh), porosity (), and pseudo factor (q) derived from wireline logs (Cb). Five geomechanical techniques—porosity, acoustic wave travel time, sand production index, Schlumberger sand production index, and shear modulus to bulk compressibility ratio (G/Cb) were used to forecast the potential for sand production in the reservoirs. The porosity values varied from 14 to 27%, which is below the threshold value of 30% for sand production. The acoustic wave travel time ranged from 81.59 to 89.91s/ft, which is below the threshold value of 104s/ft for sand production. The threshold value for the sand production index was < 2.9 ×106psi. The values for the sand production index fell between 11x 106psi and 12.4 x 106psi, which is below the limits for the onset of sanding. The G/Cb values in the reservoirs across the three wells fell between 1.15 x 1012psi2 and 1.43 x 1012psi2 while the threshold value for the Schlumberger sand production index fell between 1.15 x 1012psi2 and 1.43 x 1012psi2. Only the Schlumberger criterion predicted the potential for likely sand production.
Parasites of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) cultured in selected homestead ponds in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Wogu M. N. , Orji-Georgewill C. G.
Published: September 2024

Fish are a major source of protein to humans and one of the constraints to improved fish production in Nigeria are parasites/parasitic diseases. A study to evaluate the parasites of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) cultured in selected homestead ponds in Rivers State, Nigeria was conducted from January to June, 2023. One hundred and twenty catfish were randomly selected from two homestead ponds (sixty fish per pond) and categorized (sex, weight and length); each fish was analyzed for parasites (ecto and endo) using standard parasitological techniques. Descriptive analyses (mean and percentages) were used to represent data obtained and chi-square test was used to determine the level of significance with a P<0.05 considered significant. An overall parasite prevalence of 30 (25.0%) was recorded in this study (P<0.05) and four parasites were observed; Ichthiphitrius 14 (11.7%), Chilodinella 6 (5.0%), Trichodina 6 (5.0%) and Crytobia 4 (3.3%). Male and female fish had parasite prevalence of 8 (16.0%) and 22 (31.4%) respectively (P>0.05).According to weight, parasite prevalence values of 4 (16.0%), 4 (17.4%), 8 (28.6%), 8 (30.8%) and 6 (33.3%) were recorded for 140 – 160g, 161 – 180g, 181 – 200g, 201 – 220g and 221 – 240g respectively while according to length, parasite prevalence values of 8 (21.1%), 10 (24.4%), 7 (26.9%) and 5 (33.3%) were recorded for 20 – 22cm, 23 – 25cm, 26 – 28cm and 29 – 31cm respectively (P>0.05). Proper management practices should be adhered to in aquaculture to increase yield and reduce the detrimental effects of fish parasites.
Helicobacter pylori and Treponema pallidum (syphilis) co-infection among HIV patients attending a private clinic in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Innocent-Adiele H. C. , Iheanacho H. O. , Osuala O. , Daokoru-Olukole C. G. , Oketah E. N. , Cookey T. I. , Enemchukwu C. M. , Adim C. C. , Onu E.N. , Nwankwo G. A. , Okafor O. F. , Mbah E. I. , Anagboso M. O. , Okonko I. O.
Published: September 2024

This delve examined the periodicity of polyinfection of Helicobacter pylori and Treponema pallidum in HIV-infected individuals who visited Capitol Hills Clinic in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. Syphilis and H. pylori infections are major worldwide health issues that have diverse clinical presentations and consequences. It is essential to comprehend the co-infestation rates of syphilis and H. pylori in HIV patients to effectively manage patient care, given the resurgence of syphilis and the ongoing incidence of H. pylori. A study employing a cross-sectional design was carried out, which included a hundred individuals living with HIV who were receiving medical treatment at Capitol Hills Clinic. Blood samples were obtained and examined using fast diagnostic test kits to spot the existence of H. pylori and Treponema pallidum. The study involved the analysis of demographic characteristics, such as occupation, age, marital status, religion, and sex, to discover how these components are related to the prevalence of co-infestation. Results from the study showed that 67% of HIV-infected patients had a significant co-infection incidence of H. pylori, but no cases of Treponema pallidum were observed. The incidence of H. pylori differed among various age groups, with the greatest incidence seen among those aged 21-40 years (71%). Gender-wise, males showed a somewhat greater prevalence (69%) compared to females (65%). Marital status seems to have an impact on the prevalence, as married persons exhibited a greater prevalence rate of 71% compared to singles, who had a prevalence rate of 64%. The findings underscore the significance of frequent screening for H. pylori and syphilis co-illnesses among HIV patients, especially in places with a high burden of both infections like Nigeria. These co-infections might complicate the clinical management of HIV, potentially leading to increased morbidity and mortality.
Demonstrating the staining ability of Zingiber officinale and Curcuma longa as replacement to Eosin Y in EA50
Authors: Iyare G.I. , Ehiremen S. , Omorodion N.T.
Published: September 2024

Nicholas Papanicolaou developed the Pap stain, a combination of three major stains used for cervical smears. Eosin-Azure (EA50), one of these stains, includes Eosin Y, Light Green SF, and Bismarck brown. This study explores the use of Curcuma longa extract as a substitute for Eosin Y in EA50. Cervical smears from premenopausal women were collected and stained using both the standard Papanicolaou stain and a modified version where Eosin Y was replaced with Curcuma longa extract. The modified stain's effectiveness was assessed based on the quality of staining of superficial cells. The modified stain (T.A- extract) successfully stained and highlighted superficial cells, while the Zingiber officinale extract (Z.A) performed poorly in staining the nuclei and cytoplasm. The staining ability of the Curcuma longa extract was found to be 100% comparable to the traditional Papanicolaou stain. Staining aims to clearly demonstrate cellular components for diagnostic purposes, and many existing stains are long-established but require modifications for better application. Using local alternatives can enhance availability and affordability. Curcuma longa is readily available and, based on our findings, can effectively replace Eosin Y in Eosin-Azure stains. Further research into the dye components of herbal products and their staining capabilities could lead to cost-effective, locally sourced alternatives to imported stains.
Antifungal activity of fractions and compounds from Pterocarpus erinaceus poir.1804, (Fabaceae) on selected wood fungi
Authors: Ekhuemelo D. O. , Anyam J. V. , Ekhuemelo C.
Published: September 2024

Extract fractions and compounds from the heartwood and stem bark of Pterocarpus erinaceus were evaluated for antifungal properties. Extraction of the dry and pulverized plant materials was carried out with hexane, ethyl acetate and then methanol. The extracts were fractionated and purified using column chromatography over silica gel to yield p-ethoxylphenylpropanoic acid, angolensin, mixture of sitosterol, stigmasterol and cycloeucalenol from heartwood while friedelane-3-one and lupeol were obtained from the stem bark. The fractions and compounds were active against the test fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus, Coniophora puteana, Fibroporia vaillantii, Fomitopsis pinicoca, Gloeophyllum sepiarium Phaeolus schweinitzii, Rhizopus sp., Serpula lacrymans and Sclerotium rolfsii) at zone of inhibition ranging from 17 – 24 mm. Fibroporia vaillantii showed resistance to the control antibiotic (Ketoconazole and Fluonazole) but was sensitive to five of the fractions. The minimum inhibitory concentration observed was 50 μg/mL against 9 test fungi while the minimum fungicidal concentration was 200 μg/mL.
Stimulation of citric acid production by heat shock promoting Aspergillus niger using nitrogen enriched Dioscorea bulbifera
Authors: Ezea Ifeanyi Boniface , Ezaka Emmanuel , Omotosho Olayinka Akinola
Published: September 2024

High cost of substrate and how to stimulate citric acid are among the factors that mitigate citric acid production. Exploiting a cheap substrate for citric acid production will be a viable alternative in order to reduce the cost of citric acid production. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the potential of wild Dioscorea bulbifera tubers for citric acid production. Experimental procedures were designed to determine the effect of different concentrations of wild Dioscorea bulbifera, different nitrogen sources and effect of different concentrations of nitrogen sources on citric acid production. The data obtained were analyzed using one- way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of the experiment showed that wild Dioscorea bulbifera tuber was able to produce citric acid. The concentration of acid produced increased from 5 % to 20 % citric acid up to 8.5 ±1.0 g/lafter 96 hours of fermentation. Among the different nitrogen sources used to supplement wild Dioscorea bulbifera, the medium with ammonium nitrate produced the highest citric acid concentration of 10.5 ±1.5 g/l after 96 hours of fermentation. Meanwhile, when the concentration of the amonium nitrate were varied, 0.4 % was the optimum for the maximum citric acid concentration of 14.8 ±2.0 g/l after 96 hours of fermentation (P< 0.05). In conclusion, Dioscorea bulbifera tubers is suitable for citric acid production and supplementation of the medium with ammonium nitrate as a nitrogen source had a positive effect on the yield.
Stabilization of Arsenic and Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Using Fishery By-Products and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Uptake in Crops
Authors: Kim Ye Sol , Park Se Hyun , Park Sang Hyeop , Moon Deok Hyun
Published: September 2024

Objectives : Heavy metals eluted from mine waste pollute surrounding soil and water systems, which can spread to crops and have a harmful effect on the human body. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of recycling discarded mussel shells(MS) and manila clam shells (MC) as stabilizers for the immobilization of arsenic(As) and heavy metals(Pb, Zn) in soil.Methods : MS and MC were processed with -#10 mesh natural material, -#20 mesh natural material, and -#10 mesh calcined material and treated at 0-10 wt%. After 1 week or 4 weeks of wet curing, it was eluted with 0.1 N HCl and the concentrations of As, Pb, and Zn in the soil were analyzed through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES) analysis. In addition, red lettuce was cultivated in the stabilized soil and the concentration of heavy metals that were transferred to crops was evaluated. The stabilization mechanism was investigated by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDX) analysis.Results and Discussion : The stabilization efficiency for arsenic and heavy metals was in the order of natural -#10 mesh < natural -#20 mesh < calcined -#10 mesh. The calcined stabilizer showed a high stabilization efficiency of 98% at a 2 wt% treatment level. Pb was not detected in the red lettuce grown in the stabiliz ed soil, and the standard for leafy vegetables (Pb-0.3 mg/kg or less) was satisfied according to the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. The SEM-EDX analysis revealed that As was stabilized through Ca-As precipitation and heavy metals(Pb, Zn) were stabilized through pozzolanic reactions.Conclusion : Stabilizers developed from MS and MC can be effectively applied to the stabilization of As and heavy metal-contaminated soil, and are expected to be used as economical and environmentally friendly stabilizers.
Higher-Order Asynchronous Effects
Authors: Ahman Danel , Pretnar Matija
Published: September 2024

We explore asynchronous programming with algebraic effects. We complement
their conventional synchronous treatment by showing how to naturally also
accommodate asynchrony within them, namely, by decoupling the execution of
operation calls into signalling that an operation's implementation needs to be
executed, and interrupting a running computation with the operation's result,
to which the computation can react by installing interrupt handlers. We
formalise these ideas in a small core calculus and demonstrate its flexibility
using examples ranging from a multi-party web application, to pre-emptive
multi-threading, to (cancellable) remote function calls, to a parallel variant
of runners of algebraic effects. In addition, the paper is accompanied by a
formalisation of the calculus's type safety proofs in Agda, and a prototype
implementation in OCaml.
Effectiveness of Extra-curricular Activities in the Self-Development of Primary School Students
Authors: Bryzhak Nadiia , Bopko Ihor , Chałas Krystyna , Dubinina Oksana , Tsybanyuk Oleksandra
Published: September 2024

The research aims to study the impact of attending extra-curricular activities on the self-perception of primary school students. The survey was conducted by using a questionnaire to determine students’ self-perception in order to study their striving for independence. The obtained results were compared through Student’s t-test. Primary school students who attend extra-curricular activities have statistically higher self-perception of scores than those who do not attend such activities. Children’s striving for independence increases with age, but this is significantly influenced by their attendance in extra-curricular activities. Primary school students who attend activities of tourism, sports, and dance clubs have statistically higher self-perception indicators for the subscales of Physical Appearance and Athletic Competence than those who attend extra-curricular activities on music, art, and design. Extra-curricular activities contribute to a better self-perception of children of primary school age, and have a positive effect on their self-development and striving for independence. The results of the student survey indicate the need for a rational selection of extra-curricular activities, their types, and quantity for effective development and prevention of student overload.
A Global Study of Debate Extension Service Organizations (DESOs): Challenges and Opportunities
Authors:   The University of the West Indies, Mona, Henry Jevon , Barrett Germaine ,   University of Technology, Jamaica
Published: September 2024

Debating is often seen as an extra-curricular activity, with debate clubs in secondary and tertiary level institutions being the main organizational unit. However, some organizations operate beyond individual schools and offer broader support to debate activities. This includes organizing tournaments, training coaches and adjudicators, executing debate workshops/camps, managing national debate teams, and promoting debate in non-school environments. These can be called Debate Extension Service Organisations (DESOs), are typically non-governmental organizations that vary in terms of structure, services, staffing, and funding. Generally, they aim to create positive change in the lives of their programme participants and to promote debate as a useful tool for society. Conducted in the Caribbean, this study uses a sequential mixed method approach consisting of a survey and a focus group discussion to explore the challenges confronting such organizations, and examines the extent to which they are similar across places, in addition to considering various solutions to such challenges. From this, it is noted that the strategies to overcome the challenges may be at least somewhat transferable, though contextual nuances remain relevant. It was found that the challenge of greatest concern to the organizations was funding, while participant buy-in was of least concern. Other concerns of staff turnover, public support, and organization capacity were moderate. Despite the concerns, the organizations remained optimistic in achieving their goals and believed that they would remain in existence.
Entrevista com Mãe Lia de Oxum
Authors: Carvalho Keila Auxiliadora , Souza Ramon Feliphe
Published: September 2024

Entrevista com Mãe Lia de Oxum.
representação imagética de Lula e Collor no jornal Voz da Unidade durante o segundo turno da eleição de 1989
Authors: Matos Juliana Santos de
Published: September 2024

Neste artigo analisei cinco edições do periódico Voz da Unidade, do Partido Comunista Brasileiro, publicadas entre o primeiro e o segundo turno da eleição presidencial brasileira de 1989. Através desse corpus compreendi como o jornal construiu as imagens dos dois candidatos à presidência, Fernando Collor de Mello e Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Levando em consideração que o PCB passou a apoiar a candidatura de Lula no segundo turno da eleição, levantei as diferenças entre a criação de uma imagem positiva, para esse candidato, e de uma imagem negativa de Collor. A fim de analisar o contexto de produção das fontes, realizo também um breve debate acerca do fim do governo Sarney. Para a realização desta pesquisa utilizo o pensamento de autores que trabalham fontes imagéticas, tanto a fotografia quanto o desenho; portanto, aplico o arcabouço teórico-metodológico presente nas obras de Lorenzo Vilches assim como nas produções de Rodrigo Tavares e Boris Kossoy. A partir do que foi analisado, concluo que a Voz da Unidade procurou aproximar a imagem de Lula dos ideais do próprio partido, enquanto Collor foi representado apenas a partir de um caráter cômico, sendo ironizado enquanto político pelo periódico.
Experenciando uma ocupação: vivências na Escola Municipal Paulo Freire do município de Armação dos Búzios (2017)
Authors: Portugal Fillipe dos Santos
Published: September 2024

O artigo recupera a experiência da ocupação da Escola Municipal Paulo Freire do município de Armação dos Búzios por estudantes em março de 2017. A partir de dois relatos orais de uma professora e de uma estudante do colégio, discutimos sobre a ocupação da escola no contexto de possibilidade do encerramento de suas atividades em meio ao discurso de crise financeira no município. A partir dos relatos orais percebemos que a ocupação da escola perpassou mudanças nas relações de forças da instituição fazendo com que os estudantes se tornassem o pilar da dinâmica escolar, promovendo assim uma subversão da ordem institucional e trazendo novos significados para aquela instituição.