bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental Analysis of Basic Sanitation Quality of Residential Houses in Cokro Spring Stream Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Asyfiradayati R , Umaroh AK , Wulandari W , Porusia M , Novembe JB , Khairunnisa NI , Suparmin
Published: July 2024

Fulfillment of basic sanitation includes clean water, availability of latrines, wastewater disposal facilities, and waste management facilities. Cokro Klaten Spring along its flow has many activities including washing clothes and agricultural activities by the surrounding community. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of basic sanitation owned by the community using Cokro spring water. This research method is descriptive to find out in detail the conditions that exist at the research location by taking data through questionnaires on respondents as many as 298 households who at the time of the study were carrying out activities using the flow of Cokro Klaten Spring. The results of research on basic sanitation of residential houses along the flow of Cokro Klaten springs are known that all houses (100%) have access to clean water both from wells and PAM which can be used to meet daily clean water needs. However, for the availability of latrines, there are still 9 (3%) houses that do not have latrines and still as many as 20% of houses that have latrines do not meet the requirements for healthy latrines in accordance with the provisions of the Minister of Health No. 39 of 2016. In terms of the availability of waste disposal facilities, as many as 56 (18.8%) do not have waste disposal facilities because they directly throw garbage into the river and from 298 houses there are still 23 houses (7.7%) that do not have wastewater disposal channels, they directly drain domestic wastewater to the back of their yards. The conclusion of this study is that the sanitation of residential houses in the Cokro Klaten spring stream has fulfilled the fulfillment of clean water, but the availability of latrines, waste management facilities and wastewater disposal has not met the basic sanitation requirements. Improvement of basic sanitation is needed to improve the quality of sanitation, especially in the provision of waste disposal facilities so that the community meets the quality of basic sanitation in accordance with the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 829 / Menkes / SK / VII / 1999.
The area and distribution changes of mangrove forests on the coast of Gresik Regency, East Java, 2012-2023
Authors: Muryani Chatarina , Ni’matussyahara Dannis
Published: July 2024

Environmental dynamics in coastal areas have resulted in changes in the area and distribution of mangrove forests in Gresik Regency. Mangroves have ecological and economic functions for living things. This study aims to analyse changes in the area and distribution of mangrove forests in Gresik Regency in 2012 and 2023. The data source is IKONOS imagery from Google Earth in 2012 and 2023, the coastal location of Gresik Regency, East Java Province. Interpretation and digitisation were done to determine the area and distribution of mangrove forests, and maps of the mangrove forests were produced in 2012 and 2023. Then, the two maps were overlayed to determine their area and distribution changes. Based on image interpretation and analysis, in 2012, the area with the largest mangrove forest was Ujung Pangkah District (802.75 hectares) or 63.21% of the total mangrove forest area of Gresik Regency. The largest mangrove forest in 2023 is still in Ujung Pangkah District, with an area of 1261.50 hectares or 64.26%. For ten years (from 2012 to 2023), Gresik Regency’s mangrove forests increased by 590.41 hectares, the most significant increase in Ujung Pangkah District (increased by 458; 76 hectares).
Influence of Built-up Land and Vegetation Density to Urban Cool Island in Bandung City
Authors: Mustofa J A , Hadibasyir H Z
Published: July 2024

Land use change is causing higher temperatures in urban centers, posing challenges for cities seeking livability and maintainability. Urban Cool Island can improve comfort in urban areas by directing microclimate and lowering temperature rise. The impact of Surface Urban Cool Island (SUCI) on a city’s ability to withstand urban microclimate phenomena is investigated in this study. This study aims to spatially analyze the spatial distribution, correlation, and impact of vegetation, surface temperature (LST), and built-up land density on Urban Cool Island Intensity. The method used was quantitative descriptive analysis of image data, including extraction of LST, NDVI, NDBI, and statistical analysis in the form of correlation and regression tests. The findings indicate that the Bandung City SUCI phenomena happened outside of the city at an intensity of -7.74°C to 0°C. Moderate vegetation density tends to be the cause of SUCI intensity, affecting 33.68%. Meanwhile, the density of built-up land has an effect of 43.18% on the intensity of SUCI. Correlation and regression analysis show that the relationship between SUCI intensity and NDVI is inversely proportional, while the relationship between NDBI and SUCI intensity is directly proportional. Denser buildings result in hotter SUCI intensity.
Analysis of the Direction and Prediction of Built-Up Land Development in Slawi Sub-district, Tegal Regency, Indonesia in 2045
Authors: Mahendradhata M , Danardono D , Surachman D
Published: July 2024

Slawi Sub-district is characterized by a high population density as it serves as both the capital of Tegal Regency and the central hub of the Tegal Regency government. The large growth of built-up land threatens the balance of the environment and uncontrolled spatial planning. This study aims to predict the development of built-up land in Slawi Subdistrict in 2045 and determine the direction of built-up land development in Slawi Subdistrict in 2007, 2015, 2023, and 2045. The research approach used Geographic Information System with the prediction of Cellular Automata (CA) Markov Chain prediction model. The inputs of the CA Markov model are the driving factors of land cover change consisting of road network, river network, government, settlement, and slope. The results showed that in 2045 the predicted built-up land area was 1,111.72 ha or 71.41% of the total land cover. The development of built-up land in Slawi Sub-district is closely related to the road distribution pattern, where the north and south are influenced by arterial road and rail road, while the east and west are influenced by collector roads.
Reduction Of The Potential Of Landslides With Vegetative Methods In The Sub-DAS Of Kali Arus, Banyumas Regency
Authors: Akhmad G R , Suwarno  , Sutomo  , Chidmahdjati A B , Sakir
Published: July 2024

Landslides are one of the natural disasters that often occur. The magnitude of the potential for landslides is caused by several factors including geomorphological conditions, geology, soil, land use, and rainfall. The goal of this research is to investigate the technique of reducing the potential for landslides in the research area using the vegetative method with a geomorphological approach. The research method uses a survey method, which includes fieldwork and laboratory work. Data processing uses scoring or weighting techniques. Data analysis for landslide potential reduction techniques utilizing qualitative descriptive. Reducing the potential for landslide natural disasters vegetatively, namely by selecting the type of vegetation that is following the characteristics and quality of the landform. Plants can be used to control landslides as a result of the research. Mahoni, Jati, and Sengon are plants that can be used to control landslides in the suitable and marginally suitable land suitability classes, reducing the potential for landslides through the analysis of land characteristics and land quality in each landform unit. The results of the land characteristics and land quality analysis are used to map land suitability classes for a variety of annual crops.
Detection Of Peatland Coastline Changes Due To Land Use Change On Bengkalis Island, Riau, Indonesia
Authors: Nabilah D. H. , Wibowo A. A. , Wardani K. S.
Published: July 2024

Beaches with peat soil material, especially in small island areas, are very vulnerable to coastline deterioration. Many things cause the back and forth of the coastline, including the occurrence of landslides of peat material towards the sea, commonly called Peat Bog Bursts. This research aims to reveal shoreline changes on the north and west coasts of Bengkalis Island using a remote sensing technology approach. As well as analyzing factors related to shoreline changes. The use of Landsat 8 and 9 images in 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021, and 2023 were processed on Google Earth Engine using the Canny method to produce shoreline data. Furthermore, modeling was carried out using DSAS (Digital Shoreline Analysis System) to analyze changes in the coastline and reveal the causes of coastal damage. There has been a conversion of land use from forests or fields to oil palm plantation areas on the west side of Bengkalis Island from 2004 to the present. Based on the modeling results, it was found that a Peat Bog Burst occurred in 2015 causing significant changes in the coastline until 2017. Sediments were deposited in the southern area of the west side of Bengkalis Island (Zone A).
Public Relations Efforts in Disaster Communication to Build Public Trust
Authors: Apriliani R , Purworini D , Chasana R R B , Haryanti Y
Published: July 2024

The Mount Merapi eruption is a recurring event, thus efficient disaster communication is required to lessen uncertainty when one occurs. Social capital in the form of public trust is critical for the government, particularly when communicating about the 2020-2021 Mount Merapi eruption calamity, which happened concurrently with the Covid-19 outbreak and has the potential to undermine public trust. However, the Sleman Regency Government’s Public Relations Department was successful in retaining public trust and enhancing the community’s ability to cope with disasters. This study’s problem formulation refers to Sleman Regency Government Public Relations’ efforts to enhance public trust in disaster communication. This study tries to determine and describe the public relations efforts to identify and describe the Sleman Regency Government’s public relations initiatives to increase public trust in disaster communication during the 2020-2021 Mount Merapi Eruption crisis. This is a descriptive study that takes a qualitative approach and use the case study methodology. Data was gathered through in-depth interviews with Sleman Regency Government Public Relations, the Umbulharjo Monitoring Merapi Community (UMMC), and the regional disaster management agency (BPBD) Sleman. The research findings suggest that Sleman Regency Government Public Relations, as an integral actor, has incorporated aspects capable of fostering public trust, however there are still some deficiencies. The Sleman Regency Government’s Public Relations has consistently implemented its commitment, cares about the community in disaster-prone areas, is honest and open, conveys information and provides wide access to communication as a form of concern, identifies credible communicators, namely BPBD and the Regent, and involves community leaders while implementing monitoring. The public’s faith in the Sleman Regency Government is based on its mutual integration and collaboration in disaster response. However, to obtain effective public trust, standard operating procedures (SOPs) and a clear separation of primary roles and functions in disaster communication must still be established.
Analysis of animal-based food consumption of farmer households in Girisubo Sub-district, Gunungkidul Regency
Authors: Pamungkas R M E , Rahayu W , Khomah I
Published: July 2024

Food is one the basic necesssities that people must meet. One of the important needs for health is a source of protein. Sources of protein that are often consumed are fish, meat, eggs, and milk. The aim of this study was to identify the reasons that impact the amount of animal-based food consumed by households who engage in farming activities Girisubo Sub-district, Gunungkidul Regency. This study belongs to descriptive research. The research location was determined using the purposive method. The data samples include 100 respondents. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that the average consumption of animal-based food of farmer households in Girisubo Sub-district, Gunungkidul Regency, was 1.31 kg/month of broiler chicken meat, 1.40 kg/month of broiler chicken eggs, and 1.54 kg/month of tuna. The education level and broiler chicken egg price have a positive effect on the consumption of broiler chicken meat, while cooking oil has a negative effect. The consumption of broiler chicken eggs is influenced by income and cooking oil price. Meanwhile, the factors affecting tuna consumption are income, egg price, tuna price, and cooking oil price. Income elasticity shows that broiler chicken eggs and tuna are categorized as normal goods. The price elasticity explains that tuna consumption is elastic. The cross-price elasticity indicates that broiler chicken eggs are substitute goods for broiler chicken meat and tuna while cooking oil is a complementary goods for broiler chicken meat, broiler chicken eggs, and tuna.
Study on Palm Oil Cultivation and Processing Technology to Support The Biofuel Program (Optimization for The Development of Palm Oil-Based Energy Plantation in Indonesia)
Authors: Karnadi  , Adiarso  , Ghofar Abdul , Rosjidi Mochamad , Setiadi Sigit , Iswantini Dyah , Mulijani Sri
Published: July 2024

Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is an important commodity for Indonesia, after fossil oil is no longer the main component of export products. The bioenergy product that has been well developed and applied is biodiesel. The development of CPO for bioenergy has some obstacles, such the amount of CPO needed is large so that it will affect the capacity of CPO used for food. In addition, the price of CPO which is considered high is around US$ 700-900/ton, whereas the ideal price of CPO as a bioenergy raw material is a maximum of US$ 400/ton. Several approaches that are recommended as a solution to overcome these problems are optimization of palm oil cultivation, harvesting management, and also processing technology. The methodology used in this research includes collecting data from palm oil industry players, palm oil mills (PKS), academics involved in the development of the palm oil industry, and professional organizations related to palm oil. The data was obtained by conducting discussions and knowledge sharing with them. The results of this study will assist policy makers, in this case the Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) and the Ministry of Agriculture to determine bioenergy development policies that involve aquaculture ecosystems, land selection, industrial location and optimal process technology. The Ministry of Industry and Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) can partner to develop palm oil-based energy, the Ministry of Agriculture will develop palm cultivation which is sufficient to support mustard products for energy, palm land can be restructured according to energy needs. To support the energy plantation program, it is recommended that the government set up a palm plantation devoted to energy covering an area of 250,000 hectares on state land or state-owned enterprises (BUMN). Procurement of palm oil plantations can be done in stages from 25 hectares, according to land potential and budget.
Developing industry clusters based on 4As to support agritourism competitiveness
Authors: Wulandari S , Sutrisno J , Yusuf E S , Komalawati K
Published: July 2024

Competitive agritourism thrives on the pillars of the Attraction, Accessibility, Ancillary, and Amenity (4As), serving as fundamental cornerstones in tourism industry. Nonetheless, most agritourism continue to be entrenched in conventional management practices, exposing them to prevalent agricultural risks. Elevating this landscape necessitates a transformative approach. This article aims to analyze the linkages between the 4As and industry clusters in driving sustainable agritourism. The methodology used in this study is a literature review. Industry clusters in agritourism are important due to their ability to utilize shared inputs, optimize business processes through integration and collaboration, and develop outputs through network expansion. Cooperation, coordination, collaboration, and communication are essential for the successful development and competitiveness of agritourism. The arrangement of accommodation in a particular location encourages collaboration, resource sharing, and economies of scale. Increased accessibility improves supply chain management efficiency and reduces costs through collaboration. The availability of well-designed amenities further enhances the attractiveness and competitiveness of agritourism destinations. From the perspective of attractions, collaboration among agritourism contributes to innovation, product development, and sustainable practices. Understanding these linkages can inform strategic decision-making processes and guide the development of policies that leverage the strengths of the 4As to promote sustainable agritourism development.
Factors that influence purchase decision of “Tani Organik Merapi” consumers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta
Authors: Putri A. W. , Satriani R. , Zulkifli L.
Published: July 2024

CV Tani Organik Merapi (TOM) is a provider of organic vegetables in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study aimed to determine the profile of consumers who make purchasing decisions for TOM products and to determine the effect of product quality, price, promotion, brand image, and brand awareness on purchasing decisions for TOM products. This research was conducted at CV TOM’s retail partners in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, such as Superindo, Mirota Supermarkets, and Progo Supermarkets from February to March 2023. Quantitative data were collected from 105 respondents and were analyzed using SEM-PLS line analysis. The variables examined in this study included product quality, price, promotion, brand image, brand awareness, and purchasing decisions. The results of this study showed that consumers of TOM products were dominated by women, the age ranged from 21 to 30, with student and private employee status, and an income ranging from Rp. 1,000,001.00 – Rp. 5,000,000.00 and made purchases less than five times a month. Based on the results of the SEM-PLS analysis, it was found that the variables of product quality, brand image, and brand awareness have a significant influence on purchasing decisions while price and promotion variables have no influence on purchasing decisions.
Implementation the Interest Subsidy Program on Agriculture in Central Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Sholikhati A. , Mukson  , Gayatri S.
Published: July 2024

The implementation of Interest Subsidy Program was conducted in Central Java Province to increase farming production as well as a form of commitment from the government to support farmers to get access for financial as well as to achieve food self-sufficiency in the future. The objective of the study was to describe the implementation of Interest Subsidy Program on agriculture in terms of program’ achievement and problems encounter during program implementation. The research was conducted in three areas, namely Grobogan, Demak, Kendal, Pekalongan, and Wonogiri, with total 150 respondents. The Interest Subsidy Program on agriculture in Central Java Province was first carried out in 2022 with a target of 500 farmers as the pilot project. Unfortunately, 362 farmers were applied for the program, and only 58 farmers (11.6 percent) were approved and met the requirements as the recipients of Interest Subsidy Program on agriculture. Lack of socialization program to the farmers as well as coordination among government institutions were part of problems encountered in implementation program. Moreover, the acceleration of the regulatory process is needed to improve coordination in order to achieve program’ goal.
Yield and quality responses of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to natural growth regulators
Authors: Mahesti F L , Rosyida  , Karno
Published: July 2024

Tomato are horticultural commodities that had been widely consumed by the people of Indonesia, but their production is still fluctuating. Tomato commodities have increased in demand because they can be used in various preparations with nutritional content that is good for health. The lack of production compared to the demand for tomato commodities required steps to increase production, one of which is by providing a booster in the form of a natural growth regulator. This study used a Split Plot Design (2x5) with a basic design of Randomized Block Design. The main plot was tomato variety consisting of two types, namely Fortuna and Servo F1. The subplots were natural growth regulators consisting of five types, Water, GA3 100 ppm, Sweet Corn Extract equivalent to 100 ppm GA3, Shallot Extract equivalent to 100 ppm, and Moringa Leaf Extract equivalent to 100 ppm GA3. The results showed that the treatment of different plant varieties affected the parameters of the number of flowers per plant 5 weeks after planting, and the number of fruits per plant. The interaction between natural growth regulators and varieties affected the number of flowers per plant at 8 weeks after planting and Brix.
Development of a Pre-Calibrated Multispectral Sensor Chipset for Beef Cuts Classification Using PCA-DA and PLS-DA Based Approach
Authors: Rahmawati L , Zahroh A , Pahlawan M F R , Masithoh R E
Published: July 2024

Beef cuts refer to different sections or portions which are typically obtained from specific muscles and are characterized by their tenderness, flavor, and cooking methods. A spectrometer instrument with an AS7265x spectroscopy sensor which has a 410nm-940nm spectral range was developed to classify the beef cuts. This instrument offers a prompt detection mechanism to safeguard consumers’ rights and mitigate food fraud. This research used slice and mince beef cuts (brisket, shank, sirloin, tenderloin) with multivariate analyses and integrated with PCA, PCA-DA and PLS-DA techniques. The calibration accuracy and reliability of the model were >70%. The result shows that the preliminary research using a pre-calibrated multispectral sensor chipset has a good potential to develop as a portable rapid detector.
Effect of Single and Dual Modifications on the Physicochemical Properties of Sago Starch Modified by Ozonation and Acetylation
Authors: Cahyono Heri , Sumardiono Siswo , Jos Bakti
Published: July 2024

Dual-step starch modification is an effort to eliminate weaknesses in single-step modification. This research aims to study the effect of single-step or dual-step modification methods on the physicochemical properties of sago starch. The single step consists of ozonation (Oz) and acetylation (As), while the dual step (sequentially), namely ozonation-acetylation (Oz-As) and acetylation-ozonation (As-Oz). The physiochemical responses measured were water content, carbonyl content, carboxyl content, acetyl content, water solubility index (WSI), water absorption index (WAI), and color. Ozonation causes the formation of carbonyl and carboxyl groups, and the modification process certainly causes the addition of carbonyl and carboxyl groups both in single step and dual-step. Acetylation causes higher acetyl group values in either single-step (As) or dual step (Oz-As and As-Oz) compared to original sago starch. There was a significant difference between the single and dual steps in the WSI and WAI values. The characteristics of Ozonated-acetylated (Oz-As) modified sago showed starch the highest WSI and WAI results. The water content in single-step modified sago starch compared to native sago starch has no significant difference in water content, whereas the dual-step modified sago starch has a higher water content than the native one.
Characteristics of porang edible film with the addition of citric acid as a cross-linking agent
Authors: Az-Zahrah S Z , Novanza N T , Legowo A M , Mulyani S , Putra H B P
Published: July 2024

This research objective is to specify the effect of adding citric acid with different variations of concentration on the characteristics of porang edible film. This study used porang flour as the main ingredient to produce edible film due to the composition of starch which can be gelatinized to form a film layer. However, starch content is hydrophilic hence it could produce edible film with relatively high water solubility which leads to its water resistance. This can be enhanced by adding a cross-linking agent which is citric acid that can produce a new bond so it could rectify the hydrophilic of the film. By adding citric acid, also has an effect on its tensile strength and elongation due to the new bond that produced. Therefore, porang edible film with acceptable characteristics are produced. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) including 4 treatments and 5 repetitions, is applied in this research as an experimental design. The study consisted of formulations which were divided into 4 treatments with the addition of citric acid concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% (by weight of dry flour). Data analysis used was Analysis of Variant (ANOVA) at 5% significance level. The results indicated that citric acid with different concentrations that were added in porang edible film significantly affected its tensile strength, elongation, solubility, and functional groups. The optimum condition for porang edible film obtained is by adding 15% (w/w) citric acid.
Characteristics Of Partially Pregelatinized Sago Starch Extruded Under Various Conditions Using A Twin Screw Extruder Without A Die
Authors: Sabirin  , Sitanggang Azis Boing , Budijanto Slamet , Kusarpoko Mardonius Budi , Darussalam Abdullah , Purwoto Ahmad Safrudin , Pramana Yanuar Sigit
Published: July 2024

This study aims to obtain the characteristics of PPSS as a binder extruded in a twin-screw extruder (TSE) without a die under 9 extrusion conditions selected from a systematic review. The Successive conditions: moisture content, last zone of barrel temperature, and screw speed for each condition were recorded. Respectively, the values were 32%, 60⁰C, 100 rpm for PPSS 1; 22%; 120⁰C; 250 rpm for PPSS 2; 22%, 100⁰C, 250 rpm for PPSS 3; 16%, 135⁰C, 150 rpm for PPSS 4; 10%, 160⁰C, 200 rpm for PPSS 5; 28.8%;, 100⁰C, 220 rpm for PPSS 6; 30%, 80⁰C, 200 rpm for PPSS 7; 25.2%, 97.5⁰C, 250 rpm for PPSS 8, and 30%; 135⁰C; 160 rpm for PPSS 9. The study informed that the degree of gelatinization (DG), water solubility index (WSI), water absorption index (WAI), and swelling power (SP) of PPSS 6 were the highest among the others but its bulk density (BD), degree of whiteness (DW), maximum viscosity (MV), and enthalpy were the lowest. Scanning electron microscopy showed that PPSS granules were irregular compared to their natural oval shape. Starch granule crystallinity indicated that some crystallines became amorphous and some increased (PPSS 3 and 4) while birefringence properties almost disappeared entirely.
Ethnic community preferences in East Java Indonesia to types of food daily consumed (case study during the Covid-19 pandemic)
Authors: Antarlina Sri Satya , Mariyono Joko , Hermanto Catur , Raharjo Indra Bagus , Purbiati Titiek , Baswarsiati  , Kasmiyati  , Khamidah Aniswatul , Krismawati Amik
Published: July 2024

At the beginning of 2020, due to Covid-19, the world was facing a global health and socio-economic crisis. The same thing happened in Indonesia. Social restrictions impact many things, including education, health, access to essential services, and food availability. In the Covid-19 pandemic situation, access to food availability faces problems. On the other hand, it requires sufficient and nutritious consumption. This condition needs to be known about the level of public preference for the menu eaten during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in East Java, Indonesia. Consumer preference is a person’s choice of likes or dislikes for food to be consumed from various existing product choices. All information relating to consumer needs and desires can be identified by examining consumer preferences. This is very important not only for households but also for culinary businesses in the country in responding to the increased demand for food produced, especially for daily food menus, to produce food products that meet consumer requirements and necessities. This study aims to determine the ethnic preferences of East Java, Indonesia, for the type of daily food during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted in 2020 in East Java, Indonesia, when the COVID-19 pandemic occurred using an online survey method using a questionnaire filled out by respondents, as many as 400 respondents. Respondents were grouped by ethnicity in East Java, Indonesia. It appears that the preference of the people of East Java for the consumption of the staple food rice, the Javanese is 71%, the Mataraman is 86%, the Osing ethnic is 84%, and the Pendalungan is 59%. The preference for side dishes fried by the Mataraman ethnic is 22%, Osing is 20%, Pendalungan is 15%, and Javanese is 10%. As for the side dishes, stir-fried, steamed, grilled, gravy, and coconut milk, the Osing ethnic is 24%, Pendalungan and Mataraman are 18% each, Javanese is 17%, and Madura is 11%. The preferences of the vegetable menu are very diverse among various ethnicities in East Java. Vegetables combined with processed raw and cooked show the highest Osing ethnic 44%, Mataraman 39%, Pendalungan 34%, Madurese 31%, and Javanese ethnic 25%. Vegetables with cooked preparations have the highest Pendalungan rate of 40%, Osing 36%, Madurese 31%, Javanese 27% and Mataraman 23%. Vegetables with transparent processing and saute ed are the highest for the Mataraman and Madurese ethnicities, respectively, 38%, Javanese 29%, Pendalungan 26%, and Osing 20%. This study concluded that during the COVID-19 pandemic in East Java, Indonesia, preferences for the consumption of food menus varied and were influenced by ethnicity.
The Potential of Upstream to Downstream Sago Industry Trees in Meranti District, Riau Province
Authors: Pramana A. , Jayalaksamana M. , Zamaya Y. , Umami I.M. , Habibie D.K , Othman L. , Kurnia D. , Ardian  , Yunita Imelda
Published: July 2024

This study examines the potential of the sago plant industry in Meranti Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia. Through field surveys and sampling, it is known that Meranti Regency has a suitable land area for sago growth. The high potential of sago production is the basis for the sustainable development of the sago industry. In addition, sago waste such as dregs, wastewater, and unused sago bark, can be processed into products of economic value such as animal feed, organic fertilizers, building materials, textile fibers, and bioenergy raw materials. The potential of the sago waste industry in Meranti Regency promises economic, environmental, and social benefits. Government support, infrastructure investment, and socialisation efforts are needed to build public awareness and knowledge about the opportunities of the sago waste industry. By optimising sago waste treatment, this area can reduce negative impacts on the environment, create jobs, and improve the welfare of local communities.
Towards subwavelength pixels: nanophotonic color routers for ultra-compact high-efficiency CMOS image sensors
Authors: Park Chanhyung , Lee Sangbin , Lee Taeho , Kang Jiwon , Jeon Jaehyun , Park Chaejin , Kim Sanmun , Chung Haejun , Jang Min Seok
Published: July 2024

The proliferation of smartphones and the widespread use of camera modules necessitate complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors with high pixel density. The recent competitive race to miniaturize pixels has enabled commercial CMOS sensors with submicron pixels to reach sizes as small as 0.5 μm. However, further downsizing towards subwavelength pixels faces fundamental challenges as the conventional focus-and-filter approach suffers from the diminishing focusing ability of conventional microlens arrays and optical efficiency constraints imposed by absorptive color filters. Nanophotonic color routers have emerged to overcome these challenges via efficient spatio-spectral splitting, thereby directing incident light into corresponding pixels. In particular, recent developments in free-form device optimization methods enable the design of highly efficient color routers by exploring a large combinatorial design space, which was previously considered to be intractable with conventional design methods. In this review, we comprehensively introduce a multitude of research achievements in the field of nanophotonic color routers for CMOS image sensors with a special emphasis on their design methodologies.
Improvement of superhydrophobic properties of soft materials based on surface texture design
Authors: Wang Chunge , Li Rongzhi , Liu Chen , Ma Bangbang , Zhang Keke , Zhang Ning , Wang Qianqian , Zhang Sheng
Published: July 2024

Superhydrophobic surfaces of rigid materials have been widely studied, which usually have excellent physical properties. However, the soft materials are rarely investigated. In order to explore ways to improve the superhydrophobic properties of soft materials, different textured structures were fabricated by the inverted molding method on three materials, including food-grade silica gel, industrial-grade mold silica gel, and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Further, a series of experiments were carried out, including water contact angle measurement, self-cleaning test, and drop-bounce test. The results show that hydrophobicity is highly related to both material and texture characteristics. For the same material, the contact angle can be greatly improved by surface micro-texture, and the contact angle of PDMS can be increased to 159.3°. Moreover, texture features and parameters are introduced to quantitatively analyze the contact angle of textured soft materials. It can be predicted that the soft materials with textured superhydrophobic properties will have greater applications in biomedicine, bionic sensors, flexible solar cells, and other fields.
Study on rotary bending fatigue performance of TC4 lattice structure fabricated by selective laser melting
Authors: He Kai , Zhang Zhiqiang , Wang Changshun , Li Chenglin , Yang Bin
Published: July 2024

Prediction of the fatigue performance of lattice structures in additive manufacturing still lacks widely applicable methods. To address this issue, we investigated the effect of a BCC lattice structure combined with thin walls and ribs on the fatigue performance of TC4 alloy samples. The lattice-structured samples were fabricated by selective laser melting. In addition, we proposed a prediction model of fatigue performance that combined ABAQUS finite element analysis with FE-safe fatigue analysis. The simulation and experimental results verified the reliability of the model. Based on this method, the effects of lattice and ribbed plate structures on the bending fatigue performance were investigated. The experimental results showed that the stress concentration generated by lattice structures weakened the fatigue performance. On the contrary, ribbed plates can enhance fatigue performance, which also depends on the orientation of the rib structure. The simulation results showed that increasing the volume fraction of unit cells can mitigate the stress concentration, leading to improved fatigue performance. The lattice structure combined with the rib structure exhibited superior fatigue performance. In addition, the proposed models can also be applied to other metallic materials. The findings in this study can provide a theoretical basis for the design of lattice structures with better fatigue performance.
Detection of invasive ductal carcinoma in quadrant breast areas by electrical impedance tomography implemented with gaussian relaxation-time distribution (EIT-GRTD)
Authors: Setyawan Galih , Sejati Prima Asmara , Ogawa Ryoma , Ibrahim Kiagus Aufa , Fujimoto Hiroshi , Yamamoto Hiroto , Takei Masahiro
Published: July 2024

Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in breast specimens has been detected in the quadrant breast area: (I) upper outer, (II) upper inner, (III) lower inner, and (IV) lower outer areas by electrical impedance tomography implemented with Gaussian relaxation-time distribution (EIT-GRTD). The EIT-GRTD consists of two steps which are (1) the optimum frequency

f

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selection and (2) the time constant enhancement of breast imaging reconstruction.

f

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is characterized by a peak in the majority measurement pair of the relaxation-time distribution function

γ
,

which indicates the presence of IDC. γ represents the inverse of conductivity and indicates the response of breast tissues to electrical currents across varying frequencies based on the Voigt circuit model. The EIT-GRTD is quantitatively evaluated by multi-physics simulations using a hemisphere container of mimic breast, consisting of IDC and adipose tissues as normal breast tissue under one condition with known IDC in quadrant breast area II. The simulation results show that EIT-GRTD is able to detect the IDC in four layers at

f

opt

= 30, 170 Hz. EIT-GRTD is applied in the real breast by employed six mastectomy specimens from IDC patients. The placement of the mastectomy specimens in a hemisphere container is an important factor in the success of quadrant breast area reconstruction. In order to perform the evaluation, EIT-GRTD reconstruction images are compared to the CT scan images. The experimental results demonstrate that EIS-GRTD exhibits proficiency in the detection of the IDC in quadrant breast areas while compared qualitatively to CT scan images.
A hybrid model for the detection of retinal disorders using artificial intelligence techniques
Authors: Salaheldin Ahmed M , Abdel Wahed Manal , Saleh Neven
Published: July 2024

The prevalence of vision impairment is increasing at an alarming rate. The goal of the study was to create an automated method that uses optical coherence tomography (OCT) to classify retinal disorders into four categories: choroidal neovascularization, diabetic macular edema, drusen, and normal cases. This study proposed a new framework that combines machine learning and deep learning-based techniques. The utilized classifiers were support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (K-NN), decision tree (DT), and ensemble model (EM). A feature extractor, the InceptionV3 convolutional neural network, was also employed. The performance of the models was evaluated against nine criteria using a dataset of 18000 OCT images. For the SVM, K-NN, DT, and EM classifiers, the analysis exhibited state-of-the-art performance, with classification accuracies of 99.43%, 99.54%, 97.98%, and 99.31%, respectively. A promising methodology has been introduced for the automatic identification and classification of retinal disorders, leading to reduced human error and saved time.
Motivating parents to protect their children from wildfire smoke: the impact of air quality index infographics
Authors: Slavik Catherine E , Chapman Daniel A , Smith Hollie , Coughlan Michael , Peters Ellen
Published: July 2024

Background. Wildfire smoke events are increasing in frequency and intensity due to climate change. Children are especially vulnerable to health effects even at moderate smoke levels. However, it is unclear how parents respond to Air Quality Indices (AQIs) frequently used by agencies to communicate air pollution health risks. Methods. In an experiment (3 × 2 × 2 factorial design), 2,100 parents were randomly assigned to view one of twelve adapted AQI infographics that varied by visual (table, line, gauge), index type (AQI [0-500], AQHI [1-11+]), and risk level (moderate, high). Participants were told to imagine encountering the infographic in a short-term exposure scenario. They reported worry about wildfire smoke, intentions to take risk-mitigating actions (e.g., air purifier use), and support for various exposure reduction policies. Subsequently, participants were told to imagine encountering the same infographic daily during a school week in a long-term exposure scenario and again reported worry, action intentions, and policy support. Results. Parents’ responses significantly differentiated between risk levels that both pose a threat to children’s health; worry and action intentions were much higher in the high-risk group than the moderate-risk group in both short-exposure (F = 748.68 p<.001; F = 411.59, p<.001) and long-exposure scenarios (F = 470.51, p<.001; F = 212.01, p<.001). However, in the short-exposure scenario, when shown the AQHI [1-11+] with either the line or gauge visuals, parents’ action intentions were more similar between moderate- and high-risk level groups (3-way interaction, F = 6.03, p = .002). Conclusions. These results suggest some index formats such as the AQHI—rather than the AQI—may better attune parents to moderate levels of wildfire smoke being dangerous to children’s health. Our research offers insights for agencies and officials seeking to improve current public education efforts during wildfire smoke events and speaks to the critical need to educate parents and help them act short-term and long-term to protect children’s health.
Evaluating non-consumptive household water uses in a growing urban centre in Nigeria
Authors: Ogunbode Timothy O , Oyelami Ayobami A , Oyebamiji Victor O , Faboro Oluwatobi O , Adekiya Aruna O
Published: July 2024

Efficient use of water could be partly achieved with sound management strategies of the non-consumptive uses (N-CUs) of water in homes being put in place. This research evaluated the non-consumptive water use component in Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria. Data required for the investigation was generated from the administration of 325 questionnaires across the five Quarters into which the town is divided, out of which 269 were completed and retrieved. Both descriptive and inferential analysis of the data were carried out. Descriptive analysis showed that households engage absolutely in different non-consumptive uses such as bathing, clothe washing, drainage cleaning and dish washing while households’ engagement in other N-CUs were in varying proportions. The results of Factor Analysis (FA) revealed that five out of the 13 variables identified and analyzed with a minimum eigen value of 1.000 were strong explanatory variables of 73.674% when engaging in issues relating to N-CUs at household level. These are water use for the following (i) drainage cleaning (16.153%); (ii) Dish washing (15.922%); (iii) Toilet cleaning (14.547%); (iv) Auto-wash (14.238%); and Bathing (12.814%). Regression analysis (RA) of the data revealed that three variables namely clothe washing, Incidental washing and auto-washing were significant (p < 0.001) in generating predictive model of N-CUs of water in homes. The combined results of FA and RA implied that the set of variables in both analysis need to be considered in any issue involving the management and control of N-CUs of water in homes for a result-oriented water use efficiency at household level.
Impacts on water quality of producing biogas on pig farms as a function of the associated agricultural practices
Authors: Baziz Ouarda , Beline Fabrice , Durand Patrick
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to assess positive or negative impacts of anaerobic digestion (AD) on water quality using a systemic approach. To this end, we used the agro-hydrological model Topography-based Nitrogen Transfer and Transformation (TNT2), a spatially explicit model that simulates nitrogen and water flows at the watershed scale on a daily time step. Four scenarios were constructed and analyzed: a baseline before the introduction of AD (S0), AD with adjusted fertilization (S1), AD with unadjusted fertilization (S2), and agroecological AD (S3). The results showed that, when spreading practices were similar and an equivalent amount of effective nitrogen was applied, digested pig slurry generally had a predicted amount of nitrate leaching similar to that of undigested pig slurry. In addition, replacing catch crops with energy cover crops had little impact on water quality. Scenario S3 was the most favorable one for water quality and biogas production, but not for soil organic nitrogen storage and food and feed production. This study’s strength is its systemic approach, which considered both environmental and agronomic aspects to assess the scenarios.
Doping dependence and multichannel mediators of superconductivity: calculations for a cuprate model
Authors: Schrodi Fabian , Aperis Alex , Oppeneer Peter M
Published: July 2024

We study two aspects of the superconductivity in a cuprate model system, its doping dependence and the influence of competing pairing mediators. We first include electron–phonon interactions beyond Migdal’s approximation and solve self-consistently, as a function of doping and for an isotropic electron–phonon coupling, the full-bandwidth, anisotropic vertex-corrected Eliashberg equations under a non-interacting state approximation for the vertex correction. Our results show that such pairing interaction supports the experimentally observed

d

x
2

−

y
2

-wave symmetry of the superconducting gap, but only in a narrow doping interval of the hole-doped system. Depending on the coupling strength, we obtain realistic values for the gap magnitude and superconducting critical temperature

T

c

close to optimal doping, rendering the electron–phonon mechanism an important candidate for mediating superconductivity in this model system. Second, for a doping near optimal hole doping, we study multichannel superconductivity, by including both vertex-corrected electron–phonon interaction and spin and charge fluctuations as pairing mechanisms. We find that both mechanisms cooperate to support an unconventional d-wave symmetry of the order parameter, yet the electron–phonon interaction is mainly responsible for the Cooper pairing and high critical temperature

T

c

. Spin fluctuations are found to have a suppressing effect on the gap magnitude and critical temperature due to their repulsive interaction at small coupling wave vectors.
Instrumented indentation of PMMA/ZnO nanocomposites films
Authors: Krishna Braj
Published: July 2024

Piezoelectric nanocomposite films comprise zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles as reinforcement and poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the matrix. These films can potentially be used as structural and functional components of microdevices that can harvest energy from ambient mechanical vibrations. The design of such energy-scavenging micro/nano-systems will require knowledge of the process-microstructure-property relationships of nanocomposite films. This study synthesized PMMA/ZnO nanocomposite films using ultrasonic probe sonication and solution-casting. The nanomechanical characterization of the nanocomposite films was conducted using a nanoindenter via quasi-static mode. Quasi-static nanoindentation revealed that the indentation modulus ranged from 3.49 ± 0.03 GPa for PMMA to 4.71 ± 0.07 GPa for PMMA/ZnO 5 wt% nanocomposite film. However, the indentation modulus of 10 wt% ZnO nanocomposites decreases, i.e. 4.22 ± 0.60 GPa. The indentation hardness varied from 311.97 ± 6 MPa for PMMA thermoplastic polymer to 432.94 ± 83.81 MPa for PMMA/ZnO 10 wt% nanocomposites film. In addition, the properties of the nanocomposite film vary, as supported by scanning electron micrographs.