bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New data on African Cheloninae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) show a strong biogeographic signal for taxa with spined propodea
Authors: BRAET YVES , ROUSSE PASCAL , SHARKEY MICHAEL
Published: April 2019

Eight species of Cheloninae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) are newly described: Ascogaster kibalensis Braet sp. nov., Chelonus(Chelonus) mayi Braet & Rousse sp. nov., Chelonus (Microchelonus) madagasakarensis Braet & Rousse sp. nov., Chelonus(Microchelonus) matilei Braet & Rousse sp. nov. Chelonus (Microchelonus) merdicus Rousse & Braet sp. nov., Odontospha-eropyx gracilis Braet sp. nov., O. leucocoxus Braet sp. nov., and Phanerotomella erena Braet sp. nov. They are all from theMalagasy subregion and several of them share the presence of spine-like apophyses on the propodeum. This character is cate-gorized for future phylogenetic use. The genus Pachychelonus Brues, 1924 is recognized as junior synonym of the genus Odon-tosphaeropyx Cameron, 1910. Three new combinations are proposed Odontosphaeropyx maximus (Zettel, 2002) comb. nov., O.fulviventris (Brues, 1924) comb. nov. and O. flavifasciatus (Zettel, 1990a) comb. nov. for Pachychelonus maximus Zettel, 2002,P. fulviventris Brues, 1924 and P. flavifasciatus Zettel, 1990a, respectively. Updated keys of species Phanerotomella and Odontosphaeropyx are provided. New distribution data about Cheloninae from Africa are also given.
A new species of Goniagnathus Fieber (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Goniagnathini) from China
Authors: DUAN YANI , ZHANG YALIN
Published: April 2019

The deltocephaline leafhoppers of the genus Goniagnathus Fieber are common inhabitants of grassland ecosystem in the Palaearctic, Oriental, Afrotropical, and Australian regions. They are robust, squat leafhoppers readily recognized by their short and broad head, fused male subgenital plates, male style with membranous fracture at midlength, connective short and fused with aedeagus.
Synopsis of the genus Mimothestus Pic with description of a new species from China (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)
Authors: XIE GUANG-LIN , SHI FU-MING , WANG WEN-KAI
Published: April 2019

The genus Mimothestus Pic, 1935 is reviewed. A new species, M. luteicornis, is described and illustrated, and two species are redescribed. A key to the four species is presented along with photographs of available species.
Mesocoelium Odhner, 1901 (Digenea: Mesocoelidae) revisited; a revision of the family and re-evaluation of species composition in the genus
Authors: DRONEN NORMAN O. , CALHOUN DANA M. , SIMCIK STEVEN R.
Published: April 2019

The family Mesocoelidae Dollfus, 1929 is revised supporting the recognition of Pintneria Poche, 1907 where the testesare tandem and Mesocoelium Odhner, 1910 where the testes are oblique to nearly side by side. Nine basic body types aredefined within Mesocoelium of which four contain only a single species the: zhejiangensis body type represented by Me-socoelium zhejiangensis Xida & Puzhu, 1986; pesteri body type represented by Mesocoelium pesteri Saoud, 1964; brienibody type represented by Mesocoelium brieni Vercammen-Grandjean, 1960; and carli body type represented by Mesocoe-lium carli André, 1915. Keys to species are proposed for the remaining five body types the: lanceatum; mesembrinum;monas; sociale; and leiperi body types. The characteristics used to separate the nine body types and those used in the fiveproposed keys to species are discussed. Mesocoelium zhejiangensis, Mesocoelium cameroonensis Saoud, 1964, Mesocoe-lium meggitti Bhalerao, 1927, Mesocoelium monodi Dollfus, 1929 and Mesocoelium americanum Harwood, 1932 are re-described and Mesocoelium neohylae n. sp. is described. We consider Mesocoelium leptobotiae Pu-qin, 1981 to besynonymous with Mesocoelium burdwanenesis Mukherjee, 1968; Mesocoelium magniovum Wang, Sun, Zhao, Zhang &Wang, 1985, Mesocoelium micreatum Park, 1939, Mesocoelium minutum Hua, 1986 and Mesocoelium tritoni Matskási,1990 to be synonymous with Mesocoelium brevicaecum Ochi, 1929; Mesocoelium elongatum Goto & Ozaki, 1929, Me-socoelium ovatum Goto & Ozaki, 1930 and Mesocoelium pearsei Goto & Ozaki, 1930 to be synonymous with Mesocoe-lium lanceatum Goto & Ozaki, 1929; Mesocoelium marrsi Fernando, 1933 to be synonymous with Mesocoelium burtiFernando, 1933; Mesocoelium travassosi Pereira & Cuocolo, 1940 to be synonymous with M. meggitti; Mesocoeliumasymmetrovitellarius Kumari & Verma, 1992 to be synonymous with Mesocoelium melanostictii Rao, 1989; and Meso-coelium varunae Baugh, 1957 and Mesocoelium dolichenteron Richard, 1965 to be synonymous with Mesocoelium sociale (Lühe, 1901).
New species of Pachytriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) from the Nanling Mountain Range, southeastern China
Authors: WU YUNKE , WANG YUEZHAO , HANKEN JAMES
Published: April 2019

New species of amphibians are being reported at an astonishingly fast rate. These include some that have been known tothe commercial pet trade for years but have not been formally described due to uncertain origin. The distinctive phenotypeof “Pachytriton B” among the Chinese stout newts (also known as paddle-tailed newts) is one such example. Throughexamination of museum specimens, we locate a population from Mt. Mang within the Nanling Mountain Range with mor-phology and coloration similar to Pachytriton B. Molecular phylogenetic analyses strongly suggest that this populationand Pachytriton B belong to the same species, which differs from congeners morphologically and chromatically and isdescribed here as a new species. This species is characterized by a large and stout body, uniformly light brown dorsum,and orange spots or blotches that extend ribbon-like along the dorsolateral sides of the body. A mitochondrial genealogysuggests that the new species is the sister taxon to the group (P. brevipes + P. feii). Morphologically, this species is significantly stouter than P. feii and has significantly longer limbs than P. brevipes.
Two new species of Austrolimnius Carter & Zeck (Insecta: Coleoptera: Elmidae) from Southeastern Brazil
Authors: DE MIRANDA GUSTAVO SILVA , SAMPAIO BRUNNO HENRIQUE LANZELLOTTI , DA SILVA DOS PASSOS MARIA INÊS
Published: April 2019

The genus Austrolimnius Carter & Zeck has its greatest known diversity in Oceania, but its fauna in the Americas is poorlyknown. In this paper, two new species—Austrolimnius uncatus sp. nov. and A. bocainensis sp. nov.—are described and illus-trated based on adult specimens collected at Serra da Bocaina National Park, São José do Barreiro Municipality, São PauloState, and Nova Friburgo Municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Austrolimnius uncatus sp. nov. is characterized by the longsetae on the mesotarsus, the medial expansion of the hind tibiae, and the hook-like shape of the male genitalia. Austrolimniusbocainensis sp. nov. can be recognized by the absence of setae on the mid-tarsus, the cylindrical hind tibiae, and the slightlycurved genitalia with few setae. A pictorial key for the Brazilian species of the genus is given. New records of Brazilian species of the genus are reported.
A new species and new record of the genus Cumella (Cumacea: Nannastacidae) from Korea
Authors: LEE CHANG-MOK , LEE KYUNG-SOOK
Published: April 2019

The new species, Cumella levitergus sp. nov., and the newly recorded species, Cumella arguta Gamô, 1962 are described andillustrated. Cumella scabera Gamô, 1962 is proposed as a synonym of C. arguta in this study. Cumella levitergus is obviouslydistinguished from other known species of Cumella by the combination of the following features: 1) the carapace surface is pit-ted, and has abundant minute alveolate sculpturing, which is round and tightly arranged; 2) the dorsomedian carina is obsoleteand not decorated; 3) the flagellum of the male antenna 2 does not extend past the posterior border of the pleonite 4; 4) the car-pus of pereopod 1 has 3 setae on the inner margin; 5) the carpus of pereopod 2 is shorter than the length of the dactylus; 6) the uropod exopod is 0.65 times as long as the exopod. A key to the Korean Cumella species is also given.Key words: Taxonomy, Cumacea, Nannastacidae, Cumella, new species, synonym, Korea
A new species of chameleon (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae) from the Aberdare Mountains in the central highlands of Kenya
Authors: STIPALA JAN , LUTZMANN NICOLA , MALONZA PATRICK K. , WILKINSON PAUL , GODLEY BRENDAN , NYAMACHE JOASH , EVANS MATTHEW R.
Published: April 2019

We describe a new species of chameleon, Trioceros kinangopensis sp. nov., from Kinangop Peak in the Aberdare moun-tains, central highlands of Kenya. The proposed new species is morphologically and genetically distinct from other mem-ber of the bitaeniatus-group. It is morphologically most similar to T. schubotzi but differs in the lack of sexual sizedimorphism, smaller-sized females, smoother, less angular canthus rostrales, smaller scales on the temporal region and abright orange gular crest in males. Mitochondrial DNA indicates that the proposed new taxon is a distinct lineage that isclosely related to T. nyirit and T. schubotzi. The distribution of T. kinangopensis sp. nov. appears to be restricted to the afroalpine zone in vicintiy of Kinangop Peak and fires may pose a serious threat to the long-term survival of this species.
Rediscovery and redescription of a sponge-associated axiid shrimp, Eiconaxius acutifrons Bate, 1888 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea)
Authors: KOMAI TOMOYUKI , TSUCHIDA SHINJI
Published: April 2019

A poorly known deep-water axiid shrimp, Eiconaxius acutifrons Bate, 1888, the type species of the genus, is redescribedon the basis of the two type specimens (lectotype and paralectotype, designated herein) from the Banda Sea, Indonesia,and three recently collected specimens from the Myojin Knoll, Izu Islands, Japan. Diagnostic characters of this speciesare reassessed, and the comparison with closely allied congeneric species is made. Previous records referred to E.acutifrons are reviewed. It has been confirmed that none of the subsequent records under the name represent the true E.acutifrons. We found that Eiconaxius albatrossae Kensley, 1996 and E. faxoni Sakai, 2011 were based on the same seriesof material from the eastern Pacific, referred to E. acutifrons by Faxon (1895), but the Sakai’s (2011) taxon name is unavailable because of the lack of an explicit type fixation.
Calappa karenae, a new species of box crab from Guam (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Calappidae)
Authors: NG PETER K. L. , LAI JOELLE C. Y.
Published: April 2019

A new deep-water species of box crab, Calappa karenae sp. nov. (Brachyura: Calappidae) is described from Guam. Thenew species differs from its congeners by its distinctive colouration and conspicuously wide carapace. It is one of the largest Calappa species known from the Indo-West Pacific.
Revision of the genus Pachystethus Blanchard with description of three new species from Mexico (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anomalini)
Authors: RAMÍREZ-PONCE ANDRÉS , MORÓN MIGUEL ANGEL
Published: April 2019

Descriptions or redescriptions along with comments on the distribution and habits of six species in the genus Pachystethusare provided. Anomala nutans Bates and A. vidua crassesculpta Bates are transferred to the genus Pachystethus and P.matzapatlecus new species, P. ixtacomitanus new species and P. nectoctenus new species are described from Oaxaca,Chiapas, and Veracruz, Mexico, respectively. Lectotypes for Popillia sticticollis, Anomala nutans, and A. viduacrassesculpta are designated. Color photographs, illustrations of diagnostic characters, and a key to species are also included.
The genus Ugandatrichia Mosely (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Japan
Authors: ITO TOMIKO , OHKAWA AYUKO
Published: April 2019

The tropical-subtropical caddisfly genus Ugandatrichia Mosely (Hydroptilidae) is recorded from Japan for the first time,with 2 species. Ugandatrichia nakijinensis Ito sp. nov. is described from Okinawa-jima and Amami-oshima, in the southof Japan, based on adults and immature stages. Ugandatrichia taiwanensis Hsu and Chen, originally described fromTaiwan, is recorded and redescribed based on material from Iriomote-jima and Ishigaki-jima, in the southernmost part of Japan. Larvae of both live on smooth rock surfaces in very fast flowing waters.
The Pselaphinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of Madagascar. I. Andasibe sahondrae, a new, peculiar genus and species of Clavigeritae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae)
Authors: HLAVÁČ PETER , BAŇAŘ PETR
Published: April 2019

Andasibe sahondrae, gen. nov. and sp. nov. is described based on one female collected by sifting in central Madagascar.The genus is a member of the supertribe Clavigeritae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae). It is placed into the subtribe Mastigerina, and this is a first record of the subtribe for Africa.
Erratum: DANKITTIPAKUL, P., JOCQUÉ, R. & SINGTRIPOP, T. (2012) Systematics and biogeography of the spider genus Mallinella Strand, 1906, with descriptions of new species and new genera from Southeast Asia (Araneae, Zodariidae). Zootaxa, 3369, 1–327.
Authors: DANKITTIPAKUL P. , JOCQUÉ R. , SINGTRIPOP T.
Published: April 2019

(Erratum)
Larval morphology of two species of the genus Theloderma (Tschudi, 1838) from Vietnam (Anura: Rhacophoridae: Rhacophorinae)
Authors: GAWOR ANNA , CHAPUIS SIMONE , PHAM CUONG THE , NGUYEN TRUONG QUANG , SCHMITZ ANDREAS , ZIEGLER THOMAS
Published: April 2019

The genus Theloderma (Rhacophoridae: Rhacophorinae) was first described by Tschudi (1838) based on the type species T. leporosa from Sumatra. This genus is diagnosed by having, e.g., numerous calcified warts on the dorsum and Y-shaped terminal phalanges (Liem 1970; Manthey & Grossmann 1997). According to Frost (2011), Rowley et al. (2011) and Orlov et al. (2012) the genus Theloderma currently contains 23 species.
Status of the cardinalfish genus Apogonoides and its type species Apogonoides macassariensis (Percomorpha: Apogonidae)
Authors: FRASER THOMAS H. , BOGORODSKY SERGEY V.
Published: April 2019

Apogonoides Bleeker 1849 is identified as the senior synonym of Cercamia Randall & Smith 1988. We present evidence that Cercamia has become well established in the literature. Reversal of priority is proposed for the genus. The type species, macassariensis, is identified with Cercamia eremia (Allen 1987) based on geographic evidence. Reversal of priority is proposed for the species.
Andricus Barriosi: a new species of oak gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from Panama
Authors: MEDIANERO ENRIQUE , NIEVES-ALDREY JOSÉ LUIS
Published: April 2019

A new species of Andricus Hartig 1840 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) is described from Panama: Andricus barriosi sp. nov. The new species induces galls on Quercus bumelioides Liebm. and Q. insignis M. Martens & Galeotti (Fagaceae, sect. Quercus) and is the first species of the genus Andricus ‘sensu lato’ recorded from Panama. Andricus barriosi is part of a species complex that includes A. nievesaldreyi Pujade-Villar, A. georgei Pujade-Villar and A. maesi Pujade-Villar, which differ from the other species of the genus Andricus by having a characteristic striate-reticulate sculpture on the second metasomal tergum that is typically smooth in the other Andricus species. The diagnostic characters, gall description, distribution and biological data of the new species are given, and a key for the differentiation of the new species from related species is also provided.
Revision of the genus Amazunculus Rafael (Diptera: Pipunculidae), with description of six new species
Authors: MARQUES DAYSE W.A. , SKEVINGTON JEFFREY H. , RAFAEL JOSÉ A.
Published: April 2019

The species of the genus Amazunculus Rafael (Diptera: Pipunculidae) are large bodied flies, easily identified by their flattened hind tarsus and curved dm-m wing vein. The species of this Neotropical genus are revised, including six new species: Amazunculus acreanus sp. nov. (type-locality: Brazil, Acre, Rio Branco), A. bethoi sp. nov. (type-locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Carauari), A. francyae sp. nov. (type-locality: Ecuador, Napo), A. manauara sp. nov. (type-locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus), A. panamensis sp. nov. (type-locality: Panama, Canal Zone) and A. psilalarius sp. nov. (type-locality: Venezuela, Amazonas). All these new species are described with an emphasis on structures of the male terminalia, which are fully illustrated. An identification key to the twelve species of Amazunculus is provided. The first record of Amazunculus in Central America (Panama) is documented.
New Prionospio and Laubieriellus (Annelida: Spionidae) species from Southeastern Brazil
Authors: PEIXOTO ANTÔNIO JOÃO MALAFAIA , DE PAIVA PAULO CESAR
Published: April 2019

Two new Prionospio species—Prionospio solisi sp. nov. and Prionospio nonatoi sp. nov. and a new Laubieriellus species—Laubieriellus decapitata sp. nov. are described from Espírito Santo Basin, Southeast Brazil. For both Prionospio species, branchial pattern differed from the genus diagnosis, which is therefore emended. For Laubieriellus, a new species is described, and attention is drawn to the notch in the ventral crests, a structure that holds taxonomic value.
An Annual Cycle of Submesoscale Vertical Flow and Restratification in the Upper Ocean
Authors: Yu Xiaolong , Naveira Garabato Alberto C. , Martin Adrian P. , Buckingham Christian E. , Brannigan Liam , Su Zhan
Published: April 2019

Numerical simulations suggest that submesoscale turbulence may transform lateral buoyancy gradients into vertical stratification and thus restratify the upper ocean via vertical flow. However, the observational evidence for this restratifying process has been lacking due to the difficulty in measuring such ephemeral phenomena, particularly over periods of months to years. This study presents an annual cycle of the vertical velocity and associated restratification estimated from two nested clusters of meso- and submesoscale-resolving moorings, deployed in a typical midocean area of the northeast Atlantic. Vertical velocities inferred using the nondiffusive density equation are substantially stronger at submesoscales (horizontal scales of 1–10 km) than at mesoscales (horizontal scales of 10–100 km), with respective root-mean-square values of 38.0 ± 6.9 and 22.5 ± 3.3 m day−1. The largest submesoscale vertical velocities and rates of restratification occur in events of a few days’ duration in winter and spring, and extend down to at least 200 m below the mixed layer base. These events commonly coincide with the enhancement of submesoscale lateral buoyancy gradients, which is itself associated with persistent mesoscale frontogenesis. This suggests that mesoscale frontogenesis is a regular precursor of the submesoscale turbulence that restratifies the upper ocean. The upper-ocean restratification induced by submesoscale motions integrated over the annual cycle is comparable in magnitude to the net destratification driven by local atmospheric cooling, indicating that submesoscale flows play a significant role in determining the climatological upper-ocean stratification in the study area.
The Development of Severe Vortices within Simulated High-Shear, Low-CAPE Convection
Authors: Sherburn Keith D. , Parker Matthew D.
Published: April 2019

Environments characterized by large values of vertical wind shear and modest convective available potential energy (CAPE) are colloquially referred to as high-shear, low-CAPE (HSLC) environments. Convection within these environments represents a considerable operational forecasting challenge. Generally, it has been determined that large low-level wind shear and steep low-level lapse rates—along with synoptic-scale forcing for ascent—are common ingredients supporting severe HSLC convection. This work studies the specific processes that lead to the development of strong surface vortices in HSLC convection, particularly associated with supercells embedded within a quasi-linear convective system (QLCS), and how these processes are affected by varying low-level shear vector magnitudes and lapse rates. Analysis of a control simulation, conducted with a base state similar to a typical HSLC severe environment, reveals that the key factors in the development of a strong surface vortex in HSLC embedded supercells are (i) a strong low- to midlevel mesocyclone, and (ii) a subsequent strong low-level updraft that results from the intense, upward-pointing dynamic perturbation pressure gradient acceleration. Through a matrix of high-resolution, idealized simulations, it is determined that sufficient low-level shear vector magnitudes are necessary for the development of low- to midlevel vertical vorticity [factor (i)], while steeper low-level lapse rates provide stronger initial low-level updrafts [factor (ii)]. This work shows why increased low-level lapse rates and low-level shear vector magnitudes are important to HSLC convection on the storm scale, while also revealing similarities between surface vortexgenesis in HSLC embedded supercells and higher-CAPE supercells.
Analysis of Velopharyngeal Functions Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Huang Hanyao , Cheng Xu , Wang Yang , Huang Dantong , Wei Yuhao , Yin Heng , Shi Bing , Li Jingtao
Published: April 2019

Objectives:

Competent velopharyngeal (VP) function is the basis for normal speech. Understanding how VP structure influences the airflow during speech details is essential to the surgical improvement of pharyngoplasty. In this study, we aimed to illuminate the airflow features corresponding to various VP closure states using computed dynamic simulations.

Methods:

Three-dimensional models of the upper airways were established based on computed tomography of 8 volunteers. The velopharyngeal port was simulated by a cylinder. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were applied to illustrate the correlation between the VP port size and the airflow parameters, including the flow velocity, pressure in the velopharyngeal port, as well as the pressure in oral and nasal cavity.

Results:

The airflow dynamics at the velopharynx were maintained in the same velopharyngeal pattern as the area of the velopharyngeal port increased from 0 to 25 mm2. A total of 5 airflow patterns with distinct features were captured, corresponding to adequate closure, adequate/borderline closure (Class I and II), borderline/inadequate closure, and inadequate closure. The maximal orifice area that could be tolerated for adequate VP closure was determined to be 2.01 mm2.

Conclusion:

Different VP functions are of characteristic airflow dynamic features. Computational fluid dynamic simulation is of application potential in individualized VP surgery planning.
Long-acting atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analyses of effects on functional outcome
Authors: Olagunju Andrew T , Clark Scott R , Baune Bernhard T
Published: April 2019

Objective:

Impairment in psychosocial function is common in schizophrenia. Long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotics are thought to enhance psychosocial function by boosting adherence. However, no systematic review has examined the effects of long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotics on psychosocial function in clinical trials.

Methods:

We searched major databases including Medline/PubMed, PsychINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Clinical Trial Registries for randomised controlled trials that compared long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotics to placebo, oral antipsychotic medications or long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotics for all years till 2018, with no language limits. We performed a systematic review of findings on change in psychosocial function and its predictors in the included reports. Data on change in psychosocial functioning were meta-analysed using a random-effects model.

Results:

A total of 26 studies were included in systematic review, and 19 studies with 8616 adults, 68.1% males were meta-analysed. Long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotics were superior to placebo (standardised mean difference = 0.39; 95% confidence interval = [0.32, 0.47]; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%; 9 studies) and oral antipsychotic medications (standardised mean difference = 0.16; 95% confidence interval = [0.01, 0.31]; p = 0.04; I2 = 77%; 10 studies) for improved psychosocial function and superiority was maintained in short- and long trials. Poor psychosocial function was predicted by longer treatment duration, severe symptoms, poor cognition and poor insight. Functioning was assessed by either a single or a combination of measures, but was not the primary outcome in most studies. Other sources of bias include poor blinding and reporting of randomisation.

Conclusion:

Long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotics are beneficial for recovery of psychosocial function in comparison with placebo, but the magnitude of superiority over oral antipsychotic treatment was small. Severe psychopathology at baseline predicted poor psychosocial function. Future effectiveness trials in which post-randomisation involvement is kept to a minimum, and psychosocial function is included as primary outcome a priori, are needed to capture the real-world impact of long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotics and to address methodological biases.
Introduction: Ambivalence and the social processes of immigrant inclusion
Authors: Boccagni Paolo , Kivisto Peter
Published: April 2019

Ambivalence as an interpretive tool in sociology refers to the social experience of any complex, cognitively confusing, or emotionally charged phenomenon that calls simultaneously for opposite reactions. Migrants’ life conditions, as this Special Issue illustrates, are particularly subject to ambivalence. This introduction reviews the predominant understandings of ambivalence as a sociological category, its specific relevance in migration studies, and its implications for empirical research. It then reviews the articles in this Special Issue that are collectively intended to advance our understanding of the relevance of ambivalence for migration studies.
Temporary migrants as an uneasy presence in immigrant societies: Reflections on ambivalence in Australia
Authors: Tazreiter Claudia
Published: April 2019

This article explores the status of temporariness in international migration. The focus is on the impact of temporary status on migrants’ actions, behavior, and emotional responses to the daily circumstances in negotiating everyday life. Ambivalence is evaluated as an explanatory category that allows particular insight into strategies of resistance used by temporary migrants as they navigate a host society besides maintaining connections with home. Original data obtained from in-depth interviews with Indonesian migrant workers and students undertaking temporary migration projects in Australia is discussed. The case study explored in this article identifies some of the core problems temporary migrants face as encapsulated by a deficit of rights and protections that, at the same time, are expected by members of liberal states. Temporary status turns migrants into nomadic global laborers. The article argues that actions and responses that appear to be ambivalent are far from irrational, hasty, or disloyal. Rather, migrants’ decision-making in response to the uncertain and shifting economic and sociocultural environments that they enter often comprises subtle calibrations and switching actions, observable as ambivalence, in adjusting to the unanticipated demands of a new society.
Ret Signaling Is Required for Tooth Pulp Innervation during Organogenesis
Authors: Donnelly C.R. , Shah A.A. , Suh E.B. , Pierchala B.A.
Published: April 2019

During organogenesis, the timing and patterning of dental pulp innervation require both chemoattractive and chemorepellent cues for precise spatiotemporal regulation. Our understanding of the signaling mechanisms that regulate tooth innervation during development, as well as the basic biology of these sensory neurons, remains rudimentary. In this study, we analyzed the expression and function of glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase, Ret, in the regulation of innervation of the mouse tooth pulp by dental pulpal afferent (DPA) neurons of the trigeminal ganglion (TG). Using reporter mouse models, we demonstrate that Ret is highly expressed by a subpopulation of DPA neurons projecting to the tooth pulp at both postnatal day 7 (P7) and in the adult. In the adult tooth, GDNF is highly expressed by many cell types throughout the dental pulp. Using a ubiquitous tamoxifen (TMX)–inducible Cre ( UBC-Cre/ERT2) line crossed to Ret conditional knockout mice ( Retfx/fx), Ret was deleted immediately prior to tooth innervation, and the neural projections into P7 molars were analyzed. TMX treatment was efficient in ablating >95% of Ret protein. We observed that UBC-Cre/ERT2; Retfx/fx mice had a significant reduction in the total number of neurites present within the pulp at P7, with a significant accumulation of aberrant fibers in the dental follicle and periodontium. In agreement with these findings, inhibition of Ret signaling through in vivo administration of a highly specific pharmacologic inhibitor (1NM-PP1) of Ret also caused a substantial reduction in pulpal innervation. Taken together, these findings indicate that Ret signaling regulates the timing and patterning of tooth innervation by dental primary afferent neurons of the TG during organogenesis and provide a rationale to explore whether alterations in the GDNF-Ret pathway contribute to pathophysiological conditions in the adult dentition.
The Role of Learning Difficulties in Adolescents’ Academic Emotions and Academic Achievement
Authors: Sainio Petra J. , Eklund Kenneth M. , Ahonen Timo P. S. , Kiuru Noona H.
Published: April 2019

The present study examines associations between learning difficulties (LD), academic emotions, and academic achievement among 845 Grade 6 adolescents (455 girls, 390 boys). Reading difficulties (RD) and math difficulties (MD) were identified based on tested reading and math skills in the fall semester of Grade 6. At this time, the students also rated their hope, enjoyment, and anxiety regarding literacy and math. Information on students’ achievement in literacy and math, as well as their overall academic achievement, was gathered using questionnaires in both the fall and spring semesters of Grade 6. The results show, first, that students with RD had lower hope and higher anxiety toward reading than those without RD. Also, students with MD reported lower enjoyment, lower hope, and higher anxiety than those without MD. Furthermore, the results show that hope partly played a mediating role between LD and academic achievement in both the literacy and math domains. In addition, enjoyment played a mediating role in the math domain. The present study’s results indicate that subject-specific academic emotions should be taken into account when considering relations between LD and academic achievement.
Meaningful Ambivalence, Incommensurability, and Vulnerability in an Antiracist Project: Answers to Unasked Questions
Authors: Shim Jenna Min
Published: April 2019

The author reports the findings from a yearlong antiracist project involving three White male preservice teachers in a Midwestern rural U.S. state. Drawing on second-wave White teacher identity literature and Emotional Tools of Whiteness, the project focuses on collaborative critical self-reflection to explore the participants’ individual relationships with race and racism. The study reveals some important misconceptions relating to ambivalence, incommensurability, and vulnerability. The author attends to the participants’ affective responses to the misconceptions and discusses how their affects are indicative of both larger social structures and of the way in which the project was conceptualized initially, focusing on the ideals and outcomes rather than the actual practice of engaging in the self-reflection. The author argues for the need to account for complexity of preservice teachers’ experiences as they engage in antiracist work.
Finite-time adaptive fuzzy backstepping control of drug dosage regimen in cancer treatment
Authors: Moradi Zirkohi Majid
Published: April 2019

In this paper, the design of robust finite-time adaptive fuzzy backstepping control for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) cancer immunotherapy system with fully unknown parameters is addressed. The aim of the treatment is to reduce the tumor cells by providing a suitable scheduling scheme for drug dosage. The main contribution of the proposed control scheme is that it not only has the advantages of the conventional backstepping control, but also guarantees the finite-time convergence. To approximate the unknown nonlinear parts of the system, the fuzzy system is employed. Using the Lyapunov stability theory, the fuzzy system parameters are tuned online using the derived adaptation laws. Compared with conventional backstepping control, the proposed controller does not include the time derivative of the virtual control law. Therefore, the proposed control structure has a simple robust structure and the problem of “explosion of terms” is avoided. Numerical simulation results are conducted that demonstrate that, as a result of drug treatment, the number of tumor cells is rapidly reduced to zero value.
Nurses Consuming Energy Drinks Report Poorer Sleep and Higher Stress
Authors: Higbee Mykin R. , Chilton Jenifer M. , El-Saidi Mohammed , Duke Gloria , Haas Barbara K.
Published: April 2019

The energy drink consumption habits of nurses working in clinical settings is unknown. Utilizing a descriptive-comparison design, researchers examined the caffeine and energy drink habits of clinical nurses and relationships or differences that existed with their sleep quantity, sleep quality, and perceived stress levels. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Significant relationships existed between energy drink consumption and sleep quality, sleep quantity, and perceived stress levels. Nurses who consumed energy drinks had poorer sleep quality and fewer sleep hours compared with caffeine-only consumers and noncaffeine consumers. Nurses who consumed energy drinks also had increased levels of perceived stress than noncaffeine consumers. Educating nurses regarding energy drink ingredients and relationships that exist between energy drink consumption, sleep, and perceived stress could be beneficial. Future studies are needed to examine motivational factors related to energy drink consumption as well as any health or safety implications that might be associated.
Duration of Treatment Effect Should Be Considered in the Design and Interpretation of Clinical Trials: Results of a Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Copsey Bethan , Buchanan James , Fitzpatrick Raymond , Lamb Sarah E. , Dutton Susan J. , Cook Jonathan A.
Published: April 2019

Objective. This study examined whether duration of treatment effect should be considered in a benefit-risk assessment using a case study of osteoarthritis medications. Study Design and Setting. A discrete choice experiment was completed by 300 residents of the United Kingdom with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis. In 16 choice tasks, participants selected their preferred option from 2 medications. Medications were described in terms of effect on pain, stiffness, and function; duration of treatment effect; and risk of heart attack and stomach ulcer bleeding. The analysis used mixed-effects logistic regression. Results. Pain, disease severity, and duration of treatment effect had the greatest influence on medication preferences, whereas stiffness did not significantly affect medication choice. Participants were willing to accept an increase in the risk of heart attack of 2.6% (95% confidence interval: 2.0% to 3.2%) to increase the duration of treatment effect from 1 month to 12 months. Reducing pain from moderate to mild was valued the same as increasing duration of effect from 1 month to 3 months; both were seen as equivalent to an absolute reduction of 1.2% in the risk of heart attack in the next year. Subgroup analysis suggested disease severity influenced patient preferences. Conclusions. Along with treatment benefits and risks, the results suggest that duration of treatment effect is an important factor in the medication choices of people with osteoarthritis. This could have implications for the design and interpretation of clinical trials, for example, incorporating longer-term surveillance of trial participants and accounting for duration of treatment effect in risk-benefit assessments. Future research is needed to assess whether these findings are generalizable to other samples, disease areas, and levels of duration of effect.
Equilibrium and Optimal Location of Warehouses in Urban Areas: A Theoretical Analysis with Implications for Urban Logistics
Authors: Combes François
Published: April 2019

This paper presents a structural microeconomic model of the choice of warehouse location in urban logistics. The model is theoretical and analytical. It brings the focus on operational constraints, their diversity, and their influence on costs. The location decision is modeled as a trade-off between land rents (making it costly to locate close to the center of the urban area) and transport costs (which increase non-linearly when the warehouse moves away from the city center). The influence of various parameters on the optimal warehouse location is analyzed. The following conclusions are drawn. First, increased demand contributes to the explanation of logistic sprawl: when the density of operations (pick-ups and deliveries) increases in a given area, transport is more efficient, making it less necessary for warehouses to be close to the city center. Second, urban logistics is a heterogenous sector and, depending on the operational constraints, will not react homogenously to changes in economic parameters or the implementation of public policies. Third, economies of scale are identified: some implications are discussed. Fourth, the paper briefly discusses how land-use planning regarding, in particular, warehouses, can help internalize some of the externalities of urban logistics.
Problems of Financing Development Management: A Kaleckian Analysis
Authors: Chakrabarti Saumya , Datta Pratip Kumar
Published: April 2019

Developing countries often suffer from problems of jobless growth and exclusion. In response, the governments of these countries implement a variety of development-management programs. However, we identify certain crucial macroeconomic inconsistencies that may arise from such initiatives. Given this, our basic proposition is that, while undertaking these programs, governments should consider the inherent demand- and (especially) supply-side capacities of the macroeconomy and the probable contradictions arising (chiefly) out of the supply constraints. Furthermore, governments should complement these development-management projects with other policy measures, so that such contradictions could at least be partially mitigated. Essentially, contrary to the misplaced orthodox opposition, we are proposing a Kaleckian critique of development management and simultaneously presenting some ways out.

JEL Classifications: E11, J21, O11, O20, Q18
Through a glass darkly: Using a reflecting team approach in the development of supervisory practice
Authors: Smith Margaret
Published: April 2019

Foulkes placed working with countertransference and parallel process as central to group supervision. This article offers a model for developing supervisory skills in recognizing and making use of countertransference and parallel process in group supervision. It adds two perspectives: firstly it draws on Alfred Lorenzer’s concept of ‘scenic understanding’, a method of identifying social and cultural triggers from the past that cause patients’ problems in the present but which are outside of conscious awareness. Secondly, it adapts a reflecting team approach developed by Anderson and Prest for use in training supervisors of groups.

In the following model of reflecting team supervision it is the therapist’s ‘scenes’, triggered and evoked by a patient or therapy group that are presented. The supervision group responds by offering their associations and emotional responses, and this is observed by a reflecting team. They then change places and the supervision group watches the reflecting team offer their observations and hypotheses. In the final stage of the process, the two groups meet together to share their learning and reflect on the experience. This approach is illustrated with vignettes, and highlights some of the benefits.
Indicators of Quality of Palliative Care from a Family Perspective
Authors: Kristjanson Linda J.
Published: April 2019

This paper outlines a qualitative study undertaken to describe the indicators that families of the terminally ill perceive to be important in the care of the patient and themselves. This study is the first phase of a three-phase project designed to develop a tool to measure family perceptions of the quality of palliative care. Twenty families of patients being cared for on a palliative care ward were asked to describe the patient's illness experience and identify the things that were important in the care of the patient and family. There were 74 caregiver behaviours identified that were important to patient care, and 77 behaviours were identified as important to family care. The list of these behaviours is reported, and these findings are discussed in relation to results in similar studies.
The Problem of Deafferentation Pain in the Management of the Patient with Cancer
Authors: Tasker Ronald R.
Published: April 2019

The concept of deafferentation and central pain has been slow to penetrate thinking about the management of chronic pain. Treatment strategies for pain caused, not by continual stimulation of nociceptors and continual traffic in nociceptive pathways, but by central neuronal functional abnormalities produced by deafferentation, obviously must differ from the conventional opiate therapy and denervating surgery used in nociceptive pain. It is even less well recognized that cancer commonly causes pain, first, of a nociceptive type by, usually, plexus compression, but later of a deafferentation type resulting from nervous destruction. Cancerous deafferentation pain shares all the characteristics of deafferentation pain caused by non-malignant disease, including resistance to opiates and persistence despite surgical denervation of the painful area. Hence pain in cancer must be carefully scrutinized and attention given to providing appropriate treatment for not only the nociceptive but also the commonly associated deafferentation element.
Palliative Care: Essential Concepts in the Education of Health Professionals
Authors: Brockopp Dorothy
Published: April 2019

The successful integration of palliative care with the health care system may require a concentrated effort on the part of the professional community to clearly identify those concepts that form the basis for the model. The lack of a clear identification both of those concepts viewed by the various disciplines as forming the model, or basis of palliative care, and of the areas of conflict within the model, can lead to a variety of problems. Specific problems that can occur, as both formal and informal attempts are made to convey information about palliative care, include a) emphasizing one part of the model without providing an overview, b) presenting a portion of a given concept, and c) presenting one side of a conflict around a basic concept. The lack of a clearly delineated model of palliative care may be the result of the multidisciplinary nature of this particular approach to patient care. Each discipline has tended to emphasize those ideas that best represent that particular profession. This paper attempts to extract and describe from the literature those concepts that are emphasized, across disciplines, as essential to the provision of palliative care. Conflicts related to the essential concepts are also described.
Palliative Care for Individuals with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Kristjanson Linda J.
Published: April 2019

Palliative care has emerged in response to the comfort needs of the terminally ill cancer patient. From our experience with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis patients and their families in different care settings, we believe that palliative care is also an appropriate approach for this population. The extent to which palliative care, as it is generally practised, fits the needs of the ALS patient and family and the ways that palliative care should be adjusted to meet their needs are discussed in this paper.
Fearless Health Promotion and an Interview with Dr Amy Edmondson
Authors: Terry Paul E.
Published: April 2019

Psychological safety at work means that you can be yourself at work and speak up with a dissenting opinion without fear of reprisals. I’m lucky to have worked more often than not in cultures predominantly defined by respect and with colleagues who not only make me feel safe but who also routinely inspire me to bring my best self to the office. Can the same be said for most workplaces in America? If you study this question, you will find that all roads lead to the extraordinary scholarship of Harvard Business School’s Amy Edmondson. This editorial reviews the advantages of building a fearless health promotion profession and argues that we need to substitute some natural, understandable tendencies with some unnatural but powerful traits.
Pharmacologic Considerations Surrounding Sedation, Delirium, and Sleep in Critically Ill Adults: A Narrative Review
Authors: Smithburger Pamela L. , Patel Mona K.
Published: April 2019

Introduction

Agitation, delirium, and sleep dysfunction in the intensive care unit (ICU) are common occurrences that result in negative patient outcomes. With the recent publication of the 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption in Adult Patients in the ICU (PAD-IS), several areas are of particular interest due to emerging literature or conflicting results of research.

Objective

To highlight areas where emerging literature or variable study results exist and to provide the clinician with recommendations regarding patient management.

Methods

The 2018 PAD-IS guidelines were reviewed, and areas of emerging literature or lack of consensus of included investigations surrounding pharmacologic management of sedation, delirium, and sleep in the ICU were identified. A review and appraisal of the literature was conducted specifically to address the identified areas. Prospective, randomized trials were included in this narrative review.

Results

Four areas with emerging data or conflicting evidence were identified and included: use of propofol or dexmedetomidine for sedation, pharmacologic prevention of delirium, treatment of delirium, and pharmacologic strategies to improve sleep.

Conclusion

A comprehensive approach to the prevention and management of delirium, sedation, and sleep in the ICU is necessary to optimize patient outcomes.