bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adoption Barriers in a High-Risk Agricultural Environment
Authors: Veil Shari R.
Published: December 2011

To lessen the threat of an intentional or naturally occurring livestock disease, the Animal Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture introduced the National Animal Identification System (NAIS), encouraging the use of innovative tools such as radio frequency identification (RFID) tags to track cattle across the country. In this study, the author examines the barriers to adoption of NAIS and RFID technology as risk-reduction tools. Diffusion of innovation literature is used to analyze a case study of a state livestock association advocating the rejection of NAIS and RFID technology. Implications for the diffusion of risk reduction tools are provided.
Exploring the Player Flow Experience in E-Game Playing
Authors: Hsu Chin-Lung
Published: December 2011

Flow theory has been widely applied in the context of information technology and is useful in understanding users’ behavior; however, few studies empirically examine what factors influence players’ flow, and what the facets and consequences of flow are in the context of electronic games (e-games). In this study, the author reviews previous flow-related literature to develop the proposed model to explore these research questions. The proposed model is empirically evaluated using survey data collected from 277 users responding about their perception of e-game. Results of this empirical study show that perceived ease of use, immediate feedback, skill and challenge are antecedents of flow, while enjoyment is the most salient facet of flow. The results provide further insights into e-game design and development.
E-HRM’s Impact on an Environmental Scanning Process
Authors: Guechtouli Manel
Published: December 2011

This paper examines HR Management issues in Environmental Scanning (ES) process. Although literature claims that selecting information in this kind of processes is central, the authors are using the concept of “intelligent filters” (Simon,1983) to understand how human attention can be managed for selecting strategic information in a complex environment. The author examines HR executives and the way they deal with issues related to ES and focuses on an empirical study in a big technological firm, where the use of an internal reporting and communication system (the weekly) was studied. This author finds that this particular system can be considered as an “intelligent filter”, requiring both human and technological resources. Finally, suggestions that the system is used by HR executives in order to organize communication and coordination in an ES process but also to increase the participation and involvement of all employees in such a process are made.
Feasibility and Sustainability Model for Identity Management
Authors: Dass Rajanish , Pal Sujoy
Published: December 2011

National identity projects in various countries around the globe, which manage unique identification of citizens, have captured attention of late. Although the perceived benefits in terms of public administration are numerous, the challenges and bottlenecks for a successful rollout are also many. The objective of this chapter is to identify the drivers and inhibitors for adopting a common identity management system across various organizations for public administration and to suggest a model for determining the feasibility and sustainability of such a system. We reveal the various factors affecting successful implementation of the system and the probable impact of these factors. The model suggested would allow public organizations and policy makers to determine the critical factors for the implementation of an identity management system on a large scale.
User-Centric Identity Management Architecture Using Credential-Holding Identity Agents
Authors: Mashima Daisuke , Bauer David , Ahamad Mustaque , Blough Douglas M.
Published: December 2011

The pervasive use of digital identities in today’s cyberspace has led to an increasing interest in the area of identity management. Recently proposed user-centric identity management systems have accomplished higher-level of user control over online identity credentials. However, while the lack of a central authority that governs the entire system requires users to be responsible for their own digital identity credentials, the existing user-centric identity management systems still have problems in terms of security, privacy, and system availability. In this chapter, we present an identity management architecture that addresses these problems. Our scheme relies on user-controlled identity agents. Identity agents realize fine-grained control over online identity disclosure by using a minimal-disclosure identity credential scheme and also improve users’ awareness over their credential usage via an identity-usage monitoring system that includes a real-time risk scoring mechanism. A proof-of-concept implementation is shown and evaluated in terms of security, user-centricity, and performance.
Identity and Access Management Architectures with a Focus on User Initiative
Authors: Kojima Takao , Itakura Yukio
Published: December 2011

We have developed a “Privacy Policy Matching Engine” as a component of the Identity and Access Management Architectures. This engine enables the matching of a user’s intention to provide his/her identity-related data with an entity’s own privacy policy. Also, it automatically analyzes the policies with a focus on the types and handling method for identity-related data.
Starting the Revolution
Authors: White Peter
Published: December 2011

The chapter argues that an enterprise should develop its own Identity Management Architecture (IdMA) before attempting any Identity Management implementation. It begins with a discussion of the development of the Reference IdMA. It also discusses the issues of how to incorporate existing enterprise workflows and processes and other specific needs of an enterprise into an IdMA. It proposes the incorporation of existing information security controls into the IdMA by the use of chokepoints to monitor identified security hotspots. The issues surrounding the privacy of personal data as well as the protection of corporate data and assets are discussed and it is shown how these issues may be addressed and included in the Reference IdMA. Finally, there is a discussion of how to include federation with other enterprises as part of the enterprise’s IdMA.
Automatic Security Analysis of SAML-Based Single Sign-On Protocols
Authors: Armando Alessandro , Carbone Roberto , Compagna Luca , Pellegrino Giancarlo
Published: December 2011

Single-Sign-On (SSO) protocols enable companies to establish a federated environment in which clients sign in the system once and yet are able to access to services offered by different companies. The OASIS Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) 2.0 Web Browser SSO Profile is the emerging standard in this context. In previous work a severe security flaw in the SAML-based SSO for Google Apps was discovered. By leveraging this experience, this chapter will show that model checking techniques for security protocols can support the development and analysis of SSO solutions helping the designer not only to detect serious security flaws early in the development life-cycle but also to provide assurance on the security of the solutions identified.
Social Multimedia Mining
Authors: Lappas Georgios
Published: December 2011

In recent years there is a vast and rapidly growing amount of multimedia content available online. Web 2.0 and online social networks have dramatically influenced the growing amount of multimedia content due to the fact that users become more active producers and distributors of such multimedia context. This work conceptualizes and introduces the concept of social multimedia mining as a new emerging research area that combines web mining research, multimedia research and social media research. New challenges in multimedia research, social network analysis research as well as trends and opportunities in research areas of social and communication studies and more specific in politics, public relations, public administration, marketing and advertising are discussed in this chapter.
Community Discovery
Authors: Leprovost Damien , Abrouk Lylia , Gross-Amblard David
Published: December 2011

This chapter presents a state of the art of research on the discovery of Web communities, in a general sense. For this purpose, the authors discuss various notions of communities and their related assumptions: hypertextual communities, tag communities and semantic-based communities.
Modeling Customer Behavior with Analytical Profiles
Authors: Surma Jerzy
Published: December 2011

Contemporary companies try to build customer relationship management systems based on the customer social relations and behavioral patterns. This is in correspondence with the current trend in marketing that is to move from broadcast marketing operation to a one-to-one marketing. The key issue in this activity is predicting to which products or services a particular customer was likely to respond to. In order to build customer relationship management systems, companies have to learn to understand their customer in the broader social context. The key hypothesis in this approach is that the predictors of behavior in the future are customers behavior patterns in the past. This is a form of human behavioral modeling. The individual customer behavior patterns can be used to build an analytical customer profile. This will be described in section “Introduction” and “Customer profiling”. Based on this profile a company might target a specific customer with a personalized message. In section “Critical examples” the authors will focus in particular on the importance of the customer social relations, that reflects referrals influence on the marketing response. In the end in section “Market of analytical profiles” they will discuss the potential business models related to market exchange of analytical profiles.
Towards a Functional African State: Bridging the Gap Between the State and the People
Authors: Wale Are Olaitan
Published: December 2011

This paper analyses the contribution of the African state to the problems of development in Africa. I argue that the nature of the modern African state, inherited from the colonial state, is inherently oppressive and dysfunctional and that a fundamental change in the nature of the state is required in order to reposition the continent developmentally and liberate the energies of the African people. The existing nature of the African state disposes it toward a negative relationship with the people, leading to a gap in the relationship between the people and the state. This gap has to be bridged in order for the state to contribute positively to the developmental process in the interests of the people. I argue in particular that relying on structural adjustment, electoral democracy and other forms of reform to bridge this gap is misplaced because these reforms do not seek to change the nature of the African state. The people cannot liberate themselves from state oppression or make the state accountable through elections conducted and presided over by the existing negative structures of the state. Only a fundamental change in the nature of the state can accomplish this.
The Dilemma of Civil Society in Cameroon Since 1990: Which Way Forward?
Authors: Walter Gam Nkwi
Published: December 2011

The role of civil society in societal transformation and nation building in Cameroon has been compromised by political and social structures created during three decades of autocratic rule that still underline the practical and moral workings of the state today. Civil society remains mired in societal cleavages that find expression in parochial tendencies ranging from ethnicism to regionalism. As a result civil society’s ability to mobilise all and sundry towards a meaningful democratic culture is limited. In this context the quest for good governance has remained, for the vast majority of Cameroonians, a platitudinous utopia. This paper argues that only a civil society that transcends narrow social and political boundaries and identifies with the daily and legitimate struggles of ordinary citizens can serve as a signpost pointing towards meaningfulquantitative and qualitative development in Cameroon.
Some aspects of large-scale travelling ionospheric disturbances which originate at conjugate locations in auroral zones, cross the equator and sometimes encircle the earth
Authors: Bowman G. G. , Mortimer I. K.
Published: December 2011

Abstract. The occurrence of large-scale travelling ionospheric disturbances (LS-TIDs) has been examined. Initially some literature on their generation is considered. Travel during daylight hours and also paths which involve propagation paths towards the poles are illustrated by a few examples from the literature. A daytime ionogram recording of an LS-TID is presented and discussed as are nighttime ionogram recordings for a poleward path of propagation. The tabulations of Moscow h'F recordings around midnight are examined for significant height increases which along with geomagnetic bays some hours earlier confirm the existence of LS-TIDs. A sunspot-maximum interval is involved. Some of the Moscow events were related to bays which occurred 32 h earlier thus indicating earth encirclements. Also additional encirclements are recorded by using superposed-epoch analyses for some other events.
Consumption of Galactooligosaccharides together with Probiotics Stimulates the In Vitro Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Proliferation and IFNγ Production in Healthy Men
Authors: Holma Reetta , Kekkonen Riina A. , Hatakka Katja , Poussa Tuija , Vaarala Outi , Adlercreutz Herman , Korpela Riitta
Published: December 2011

Probiotics and prebiotics modify the intestinal environment and could have immunomodulatory effects. The proliferation of spontaneous and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and their production of interleukin-4, interleukin-5, transforming growth factor-β1, and interferon-γ (IFNγ) were determined in eighteen men at the baseline and during a 2-week period of probiotics (mixture of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LC705, Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS, and Bifidobacterium breve Bb99) and galactooligosaccharides (GOSs) (3.8 g/day). The spontaneous and stimulated proliferation of PBMC increased from the baseline during probiotics+GOS (P<0.001). The secretion of IFNγ, but not other cytokines, by stimulated PBMC increased during the same period (P<0.05). In conclusion, the consumption of this probiotic mixture including GOS appears to increase the capacity of PBMC to proliferate and release IFNγ selectively in healthy men.
Increased Body Mass Index but Not Common Vitamin D Receptor, Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor γ, or Cytokine Polymorphisms Confers Predisposition to Posttransplant Diabetes
Authors: Wang Ping , Hudspeth Elissa
Published: December 2011

Context.—Posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a major complication after solid organ transplantation. The use of corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, especially tacrolimus, are significant risk factors. However, it is not clear what genetic factors modify the risk. Evidence suggests vitamin D deficiency, perturbed glucose homeostasis, and increased inflammation all play roles in the development of diabetes.

Objective.—To investigate whether common vitamin D receptor (VDR), cytokine, and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) polymorphisms are correlated with the development of PTDM.

Design.—DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood of 51 kidney transplant recipients with PTDM and 72 patients without diabetes pretransplant or posttransplant at the time of follow-up. The genotypes for 5 polymorphisms, 1 each in VDR, PPARγ, INFγ, TGFβ1, and TNF, were determined using direct sequencing. Age, sex, number of acute rejection episodes, follow-up length, ethnicity, body mass index, and the frequency of alleles and genotypes for each polymorphism were compared between the 2 groups.

Results.—Body mass index was the only factor that was statistically different between the 2 groups (P  =  .001). The frequency of different alleles and genotypes for each of the 5 polymorphisms did not differ between the 2 groups.

Conclusions.—These results indicate that increased body mass index is a significant risk factor for the development of PTDM. However, none of the genetic polymorphisms studied confer predisposition to PTDM with the current sample size.
Tracking and risk of abdominal obesity in the adolescence period in children aged 7–15. The cracow longitudinal growth study
Authors: Chrzanowska Maria , Suder Agnieszka , Kruszelnicki Paweł
Published: December 2011

Objectives: To examine the tracking of abdominal fat distribution from the age of 7 to 15 years and to estimate the risk of abdominal obesity at 15 based on the occurrence of abdominal obesity at the ages 7–14 years in boys and girls.

Methods: The analysis was performed on 8‐year longitudinal measurements of 315 boys and 198 girls from Cracow, Poland. The stability of waist circumference (WC) and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) got assessed by inter‐age correlations. The degree of abdominal fatness continuation level was evaluated applying contingency tables with the χ2 test based on quartiles of WC and WHtR distribution. The risk of abdominal obesity at 15 was estimated using odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval.

Results: Inter‐age correlations between the 7th and 15th years were 0.73 and 0.67 in boys and 0.48 and 0.48 in girls for WC and WHtR, respectively. More than 51% girls and 62% boys with abdominal fat distribution at 7 remained in the same category in adolescence period, while only 2% of them moved to the thin category at 15. The risk of abdominal obesity (WHtR) was highest in boys and girls with abdominal obesity at 7 (OR = 5.46 and OR = 6.19, respectively) and, additionally, in girls at 12 (OR = 5.59).

Conclusion: The risk of abdominal obesity was indicated already at 7 in boys and girls. Continuation of the abdominal fat distribution confirmed in about 60% acknowledges that the type of fat distribution seems to be determined as early as in the 7‐year‐olds. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanical and dielectric properties of epoxy resin modified using reactive liquid rubber (HTPB)
Authors: Zhou Wenying , Cai Jiangtao
Published: December 2011

In the present study, hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) liquid rubber was employed to modify epoxy resin using 2,4,6‐tri (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol as a catalyst, and methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride as a curing agent. The reactions between HTPB and epoxy were monitored by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR); the mechanical and dielectric properties of HTPB modified epoxies were evaluated and the morphology was investigated through scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The FTIR analysis evidenced the occurrence of a chemical reaction between the two components. The mechanical results indicated that the impact strength of HTPB‐modified epoxy was superior to that of the pure epoxy. As the HTPB content increased up to 10 phr the best mechanical performances in terms of tensile and flexural properties were achieved when compared to the unmodified epoxy. Higher concentration of HTPB resulted in larger particles and gave lower mechanical strength values. The incorporation of HTPB into epoxy decreased the dielectric constant and dissipation factor over a wide frequency range from 1 to 106 Hz, and improved the electrical resistivity. SEM micrographs showed that the modified epoxy exhibited a two‐phase morphology where the spherical rubber domains were dispersed in the epoxy matrix. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
No jacket required – new fungal lineage defies dress code
Authors: James Timothy Y. , Berbee Mary L.
Published: December 2011

Analyses of environmental DNAs have provided tantalizing evidence for “rozellida” or “cryptomycota”, a clade of mostly undescribed and deeply diverging aquatic fungi. Here, we put cryptomycota into perspective through consideration of Rozella, the only clade member growing in culture. This is timely on account of the publication in Nature of the first images of uncultured cryptomycota from environmental filtrates, where molecular probes revealed non‐motile cyst‐like structures and motile spores, all lacking typical fungal chitinous cell walls. Current studies of Rozella can complement these fragmentary observations from environmental samples. Rozella has a fungal‐specific chitin synthase and its resting sporangia have walls that appear to contain chitin. Cryptomycota, including Rozella, lack a cell wall when absorbing food but like some other fungi, they may have lost their “dinner jacket” through convergence. Rather than evolutionary intermediates, the cryptomycota may be strange, divergent fungi that evolved from an ancestor with a nearly complete suite of classical fungal‐specific characters.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of the Manganese Borate α‐MnB2O4.
Authors: Neumair Stephanie C. , Perfler Lukas , Huppertz Hubert
Published: December 2011

The high‐pressure phase of title is synthesized from a mixture of MnO2 and B2O3 in a molar ratio of 2:1 in a modified Walker‐type multianvil apparatus (6.5 GPa, 1100 °C, 10 min).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Ordered Triple Hollandite: Ba1.33Sb2.66Al5.33O16.
Authors: Letrouit A. , Boudin S. , Barrier N. , Retoux R.
Published: December 2011

The solid state synthesis of the title compound is performed in two steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Synthesis of β‐Acetoxy Thiocyanates from Oxiranes.
Authors: Lukowska‐Chojnacka Edyta , Plenkiewicz Jan
Published: December 2011

The title reaction only leads to acetates of secondary alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanation of Nonactivated Alkenes in Dibromomethane with Triisobutylaluminum.
Authors: Brunner Gerhard , Elmer Susanne , Schroeder Fridtjof
Published: December 2011

Cyclopropanation of unactivated alkenes with dibromomethane is smoothly achieved in the presence of iBu3Al and FeCl3 as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Ethyl 3‐[(Ethylthio)carbonyl]‐4,4,5,5,5‐pentafluoropentanoate: A Building Block Towards Trifluoromethyl Pyrazoles and Pyrimidin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Brule Cedric , Bouillon Jean‐Philippe , Portella Charles
Published: December 2011

The multistep domino reaction of building block (I) with methylhydrazine involves a HF elimination—β‐addition/elimination—cyclocondensation sequence to give trifluoromethyl pyrazole (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Enamine/Carbene Cascade Catalysis in the Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclopentanones.
Authors: Ozboya Kerem E. , Rovis Tomislav
Published: December 2011

Activated enones and aliphatic aldehydes react under catalysis of a chiral secondary amine and a chiral triazolium salt to give the cyclopentanones as mixtures of the 4 possible diastereomers with high selectivity for one isomer.
ChemInform Abstract: An Easy and General Iron‐Catalyzed Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones with Anilines.
Authors: Fleischer Steffen , Zhou Shaolin , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: December 2011

An inexpensive iron catalyst allows the reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones under mild conditions in the presence of molecular hydrogen and without the need of any special ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Carane‐Based Aminodiols as Chiral Ligands for the Catalytic Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes.
Authors: Szakonyi Zsolt , Csillag Kinga , Fueloep Ferenc
Published: December 2011

Various chiral aminodiols are synthesized and the best result is achieved with ADC, albeit with moderate enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem One‐Pot Wittig/Reductive Aldol Reactions in which the Waste from One Process Catalyzes a Subsequent Reaction.
Authors: Lu Jinni , Toy Patrick H.
Published: December 2011

The procedure allows the rapid synthesis of hydroxy ketones that are composed of three building blocks.
ChemInform Abstract: Environmentally Benign and Energy Efficient Methodology for Condensation: An Interesting Facet to the Classical Perkin Reaction.
Authors: Pawar Poonam Mahadev , Jarag Krishna Jagannath , Shankarling Ganapati Subray
Published: December 2011

CCU acts as solvent and as reaction mediator.
ChemInform Abstract: Replacing Dichloroethane as a Solvent for Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Alkyne Hydroacylation Reactions: The Utility of Propylene Carbonate.
Authors: Lenden Philip , Ylioja Paul M. , Gonzalez‐Rodriguez Carlos , Entwistle David A. , Willis Michael C.
Published: December 2011

Propylene carbonate is an environmentally benign, non‐flammable, and non‐toxic solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical One‐Pot Preparation of Magnesium Di(hetero)aryl‐ and Magnesium Dialkenylboronates for Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Haag Benjamin A. , Saemann Christoph , Jana Anukul , Knochel Paul
Published: December 2011

A general one‐pot synthesis of magnesium diorganoboronates that tolerates a wide range of functional groups is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Comparative Homocoupling Reaction of Aryl Halides Using Monomeric Orthopalladated Complex of 4‐Methoxybenzoylmethylenetriphenylphosphorane under Conventional and Microwave Irradiation Conditions.
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Karami Kazem , Tavakoli Ghazal
Published: December 2011

A new catalytic system is used for efficient homocoupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C—C Bond Formation to Construct 1,4‐Diketones under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Liu Chao , Deng Yi , Wang Jing , Yang Yingying , Tang Shan , Lei Aiwen
Published: December 2011

The reaction between α‐chloroketones and zinc ketone enolates affords 2,3‐diaryl 1,4‐diketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Ketones by Palladium‐Catalyzed Desulfitative Reaction of Arylsulfinic Acids with Nitriles.
Authors: Miao Tao , Wang Guan‐Wu
Published: December 2011

An efficient protocol for the title reaction, which affords the compounds (III) and (V) in the presence of an inexpensive ligand, is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Bromination/Semipinacol Rearrangement for the Synthesis of β‐Bromoketones Containing an All‐α‐carbon Quaternary Center.
Authors: Li Hui , Zhang Fu‐Min , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Zhang Qing‐Wei , Chen Zhi‐Min , Chen Zhi‐Hua , Li Jian
Published: December 2011

Diaryl allylic tertiary alcohols afford up to 93% enantioselectivity by use of a cinchona‐derived catalyst and NBS as brominating reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Alternative and Straightforward Synthesis of Dopaminergic 5‐Methoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalen‐2‐amine.
Authors: Oeztaskin Necla , Goeksu Sueleyman , Secen Hasan
Published: December 2011

The title compound (VIII), which is a potent monoamine oxidase inhibitor, is synthesized in 27% overall yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Free Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Heck Reaction of Secondary Benzylic Bromides.
Authors: Zhou Wei , An Guanghui , Zhang Guangqian , Han Jianlin , Pan Yi
Published: December 2011

The reaction works with beta‐hydrogen‐bearing secondary benzylic bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Radical Mediated Alkylation of a Chiral Glycolic Acid Derivative.
Authors: Abazi Sokol , Rapado Liliana Parra , Renaud Philippe
Published: December 2011

The presented reaction of (I) to compounds (III) and (IV) is an example where increasing the exothermicity leads to an enhancement of stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Active Copper‐Network Catalyst for the Direct Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Ohta Hidetoshi , Uozumi Yasuhiro , Yamada Yoichi M. A.
Published: December 2011

A highly active solid‐phase catechol—copper‐network catalyst is prepared and promotes the direct aldol reaction of carbonyl compounds and methyl isocyanoacetate.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiplasmodial and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of 3‐Functionalized 2‐Azetidinone Derivatives.
Authors: Kumar Vipan , et al. et al.
Published: December 2011

3‐Azido, 3‐amino‐ and 3‐(1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)‐β‐lactams are synthesized using the Staudinger reaction to construct the desired azetidinone scaffold.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Drug Design and Discovery. Part 11. Synthesis and Antiinflammatory Activity of Novel Biscoumarin—Chalcone Hybrids.
Authors: Sashidhara Koneni V. , Kumar Manoj , Modukuri Ram K. , Sonkar Ravi , Bhatia Gitika , Khanna A. K. , Rai Shivika , Shukla Rakesh
Published: December 2011

Among the compounds (III) (10 examples) synthesized, compound (IIIc) is found to be the most active antiinflammatory agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Dienamine Activation in the Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of cis‐3,4‐Difunctionalized Chromans and Dihydrocoumarins.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Yang Xuena , Wang Chuan , Raabe Gerhard , Runsik Jan
Published: December 2011

To obtain disubstituted dihydrocoumarins, the domino products are oxidized with PCC or treated with triethylsilane and boron trifluoride etherate.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to Optically Active 3‐Azido‐ and 3‐Aminopiperidine Derivatives by Enantioselective Ring Expansion of Prolinols.
Authors: Cochi Anne , Gomez Pardo Domingo , Cossy Janine
Published: December 2011

The degree of the ring expansion process is dependent on the nature of the substituents and their relative stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Intramolecular Oxidative Decarboxylative Amination of Primary α‐Amino Acids with Product Selectivity.
Authors: Yan Yizhe , Wang Zhiyong
Published: December 2011

A novel low toxic, water‐ and air‐tolerated method under mild and neutral conditions for the title reaction is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Resolution of α‐Halo Chiral Esters for the Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Piperazin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Jang Jung In , Kang Seock Yong , Kang Kyoung Hee , Park Yong Sun
Published: December 2011

Stereoselective substitution of auxiliary‐bearing α‐halo esters with ethylenediamine derivatives and subsequent spontaneous cyclization proceeds with dynamic resolution to afford 3‐substituted piperazinones (III) in up to 88% optical purity.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Arylboronic Esters by Palladacycle‐Catalyzed Bromination of 2‐Arylbenzoxazoles and Subsequent Borylation of the Brominated Products.
Authors: Leng Yuting , Yang Fan , Zhu Weiguo , Zou Dapeng , Wu Yangjie , Cai Ranran
Published: December 2011

Regioselective bromination of 2‐arylbenzoxazoles followed by Br‐<B exchange reaction is efficiently catalyzed by two ferrocenylimine—Pd complexes to give 6‐(dioxaborolanyl)benzoxazoles (IV) and (V) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Novel Synthetic Methodologies. Part 220. Metal‐Free Multicomponent Synthesis of (α‐Aminoalkyl)phosphonates Using 2,4,6‐Trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine.
Authors: Das Biswanath , Kumar Avula Satya , Kumar Jayprakash Narayan
Published: December 2011

(α‐Aminoalkyl)phosphonates (IV) and (VI) are obtained by three‐component reaction of aldehydes, anilines and triethyl phosphite in the presence of trichlorotriazine as mild HCl source.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiospecific First Total Synthesis of Cucumin‐H.
Authors: Srikrishna A. , Dethe Dattatraya H.
Published: December 2011

The first enantiospecific total synthesis of the linear triquinane sesquiterpene cucumin‐H (IX) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Androstanes with Modified Carbon Skeletons.
Authors: Norden Sascha , Bender Matthias , Rullkoetter Juergen , Christoffers Jens
Published: December 2011

synthesis of steroid derivatives (I) ‐ (IV) for comparison with fossil organic biomarkers in geological samples
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of New Chiral 1‐[(Trialkylsilyl)methyl]propenamides.
Authors: BouzBouz Samir
Published: December 2011

Cross‐metathesis of chiral amides and allylsilanes provides title compounds (III) which can be further elaborated to highly functionalized derivatives as the basis for the construction of a library of biologically active compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐L‐Arabinofuranosylated Pyrrolidines as Arabinanase Inhibitors.
Authors: Goddard‐Borger Ethan D. , Carapito Raphael , Jeltsch Jean‐Marc , Phalip Vincent , Stick Robert V. , Varrot Annabelle
Published: December 2011

Compounds (I) and (II), deoxyiminosugar equivalents of arabinobiose and arabinotriose, resp., are synthesized and evaluated for their arabinanase inhibitory activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Nanoparticles in Condensed Media: Preparation and the Bulk and Surface Structural Dynamics
Authors: Olenin A. Yu. , Lisichkin G. V.
Published: December 2011

Review: 302 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Excursion into the Intriguing World of Polymeric Tl(I) and Ag(I) Cyanoximates
Authors: Gerasimchuk Nikolay
Published: December 2011

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Imines
Authors: de Vries Johannes G. , Mrsic Natasa
Published: December 2011

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Synthesis of Ornithine/Arginine‐ and Lysine‐Derived Alkaloids: Selected Examples
Authors: Poupon Erwan , Salame Rim , Yan Lok‐Hang
Published: December 2011

Review: 181 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyketide Assembly Mimics and Biomimetic Access to Aromatic Rings
Authors: Genta‐Jouve Gregory , Antoniotti Sylvain , Thomas Olivier P.
Published: December 2011

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrosamines
Authors: Rath Susanne , Reyes Felix Guillermo Reyes
Published: December 2011

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution
Authors: Hartwig John F. , Pouy Mark J.
Published: December 2011

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ir‐Catalyzed Functionalization of C—H Bonds
Authors: Choi Jongwook , Goldman Alan S.
Published: December 2011

Review: 138 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclodextrin‐Polymer Hybrid Materials and Their Application in Nanotechnology
Authors: Adeli Mohsen , Bavadi Masumeh
Published: December 2011

Review: 161 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Capsules Derived from Calixpyrrole Scaffolds
Authors: Ballester Pablo
Published: December 2011

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Determination of Chemical Warfare Agents and Related Compounds in Environmental Samples by Solid‐Phase Microextraction with Gas Chromatography
Authors: Popiel Stanislaw , Sankowska Monika
Published: December 2011

Review: 118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy of Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes: Interplay Between Experimental Data and Molecular Modeling
Authors: Tablet Cristina , Hillebrand Mihaela
Published: December 2011

Review: 114 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Tools for the Physicochemical Characterization of Cyclodextrins Inclusion Complexes
Authors: de Paula Eneida , Ribeiro de Araujo Daniele , Fraceto Leonardo Fernandes
Published: December 2011

Review: 84 refs.
Stability of Ni/SiO2 catalysts
Authors: Birke Peter , Geyer Reinhard , Hoheisel Klaus , Keck Michael , Pachulski Axel , Schödel Rainer
Published: December 2011

It was shown that catalysts used in the slurry phase hydrogenation of nitroaromatic compounds are post‐passivated during exhibition in air for a longer period of time. This post passivation hampers a reactivation of the catalyst and is decelerated with increasing catalyst particle size. Furthermore a fast mixing during feeding in the nitroaromatic compound into the reactor and sufficient hydrogen supply to the catalyst surface have to be ensured to avoid an oxidic attack of the nitroaromatic compound towards the nickel catalyst and to obtain a slow deactivation of the this catalyst.
Germanium
Authors: Haustein Mike
Published: December 2011

Vor 125 Jahren, am 6. Februar 1886, entdeckte der Freiberger Chemiker Clemens Winkler das Germanium und bestätigte damit das Periodensystem der Elemente. Das Jubiläum ist Anlass dieser Sternstunde der Wissenschaft mit ihren oft kurios anmutenden Details zu gedenken.
Alles auf einem Chip
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: December 2011

Die Idee, Synthese und Analytik komplett auf einem Mikrochip unterzubringen, macht Fortschritte – sie lässt sich jetzt auch auf organische Synthesen mit nachgeschalteter Enantiomerentrennung und Massenspektrometrie anwenden.
HCOOH als H2‐Speicher
Authors: Jaenicke Lothar
Published: December 2011

Die anvisierte Wasserstoff‐Technologie als Ersatz für die bisherige aus nicht unbegrenzten fossilen Brennstoffen braucht, wie diese, Transportmittel für den Energieträger. Dieser ist bekanntlich ein brennbares Gas, das nur unter hohen Drucken verflüssigt und auf kleinen Transportraum gebracht werden kann. Die Tanks haben aber ein großes Eigengewicht und sind deshalb in Fahrzeugen unbequem. Bei Lecks entweichendes Gas birgt in der Luft die Gefahr der Knallgasexplosion.
Time‐lapse imaging of granule cells in mouse entorhino‐hippocampal slice cultures reveals changes in spine stability after entorhinal denervation
Authors: Vlachos Andreas , Orth Carlos Bas , Schneider Gaby , Deller Thomas
Published: December 2011

Principal neurons that are partially denervated after brain injury remodel their synaptic connections and show biphasic changes in their dendritic spine density: during an early phase after denervation spine density decreases and during a late phase spine density recovers again. It has been hypothesized that these changes in spine density are caused by a period of increased spine loss followed by a period of increased spine formation. We have tested this hypothesis, which is based on data from fixed tissues, by using time‐lapse imaging of denervated dentate granule cells in organotypic entorhino‐hippocampal slice cultures of Thy1‐GFP mice. Our data show that nondenervated granule cells turn over spines spontaneously while keeping their spine density constant. Denervation influenced this equilibrium and induced biphasic changes in the spine loss rate but not in the rate of spine formation: during the early phase after denervation the spine loss rate was increased and during the late phase after denervation the spine loss rate was decreased compared with nondenervated control cultures. In line with these observations, time‐lapse imaging of identified spines formed after the lesion revealed that the stability of these spines was decreased during the early phase and increased during the late phase after the lesion. We conclude that biphasic changes in spine loss rate and spine stability but not in the rate of spine formation play a central role in the reorganization of dentate granule cells after entorhinal denervation in vitro. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1891–1902, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self‐organizing traffic lights at multiple‐street intersections
Authors: Gershenson Carlos , Rosenblueth David A.
Published: December 2011

The elementary cellular automaton following rule 184 can mimic particles flowing in one direction at a constant speed. Therefore, this automaton can model highway traffic qualitatively. In a recent paper, we have incorporated intersections regulated by traffic lights to this model using exclusively elementary cellular automata. In such a paper, however, we only explored a rectangular grid. We now extend our model to more complex scenarios using an hexagonal grid. This extension shows first that our model can readily incorporate multiple‐way intersections and hence simulate complex scenarios. In addition, the current extension allows us to study and evaluate the behavior of two different kinds of traffic‐light controller for a grid of six‐way streets allowing for either two‐ or three‐street intersections: a traffic light that tries to adapt to the amount of traffic (which results in self‐organizing traffic lights) and a system of synchronized traffic lights with coordinated rigid periods (sometimes called the “green‐wave” method). We observe a tradeoff between system capacity and topological complexity. The green‐wave method is unable to cope with the complexity of a higher‐capacity scenario, while the self‐organizing method is scalable, adapting to the complexity of a scenario and exploiting its maximum capacity. Additionally, in this article, we propose a benchmark, independent of methods and models, to measure the performance of a traffic‐light controller comparing it against a theoretical optimum. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2012
Solid superacid catalyzed glycerol esterification of free fatty acids in waste cooking oil for biodiesel production
Authors: Wang Yong , Ma Shun , Wang Lili , Tang Shuze , Riley William W. , Reaney Martin J. T.
Published: December 2011

The free fatty acids (FFAs) of waste cooking oil (WCO) are readily esterified with crude glycerol in the presence of the solid superacid SO/ZrO2–Al2O3. This reaction lowers the acidity of WCO before biodiesel production. The solid superacid SO/ZrO2–Al2O3 catalyzes both FFA esterification and TAG glycerolysis during the reaction. The conversion of FFA in the WCO with an acid value of 88.4 ± 0.5 mg KOH/g to acylglycerols was 98.4% under optimal conditions (mole ratio of glycerol to FFA = 1.4:1; reaction time = 4 h; reaction temperature = 200°C; catalyst loading = 0.3 wt%) obtained through an orthogonal experiment. The final FAME product with a FAME content of 96.9 ± 0.3 wt% yield was 94.8 wt%, after transesterification of the esterified WCO with methanol, catalyzed by potassium hydroxide. The FAME composition of the products produced by transesterification were identified and quantified by GC–MS. The results suggest that this new glycerol esterification process, using a solid superacid catalyst, affords a promising method to convert oils with high FFA levels, like WCO, to biodiesel. The process has the inherent advantage of easy separation steps for removing excess alcohol and significant savings in energy, when compared to acid catalyzed reactions with methanol to lower acidity.

Practical applications: In this work, WCO with a high acid value was esterified with crude glycerol catalyzed by solid super acid, whose formula was expressed as SO/ZrO2–Al2O3. There are distinct advantages to this new esterification process, which include easy separation of the excess crude glycerol by sedimentation or centrifugation, the use of the low cost reactant crude glycerol direct from the byproducts of transesterification, the potential to achieve a very low content of FFAs by post‐refining to improve the yield of the final product, and time and energy saving are found as compared to the traditional methanol esterification process. This new technology provides a promising alternative method for processing feedstocks of high acid value, such as WCO, for the production of biodiesel.
Evaluation of remotely‐sensed DEMs and modification based on plausibility rules and initial sediment budgets of an artificially‐created catchment
Authors: Schneider Anna , Gerke Horst H. , Maurer Thomas , Seifert Stefan , Nenov Rossen , Hüttl Reinhard F.
Published: December 2011

To quantify landscape change resulting from processes of erosion and deposition and to establish spatially distributed sediment budgets, ‘models of change’ can be established from a time series of digital elevation models (DEMs). However, resolution effects and measurement errors in DEMs may propagate to these models. This study aimed to evaluate and to modify remotely‐sensed DEMs for an improved quantification of initial sediment mass changes in an artificially‐created catchment. DEMs were constructed from photogrammetry‐based, airborne (ALS) and ground‐based laser scanning (TLS) data. Regions of differing morphological characteristics and vegetation cover were delineated. Three‐dimensional (3D) models of volume change were established and mass change was derived from these models. DEMs were modified region‐by‐region for rill, interrill and alluvial areas, based on logical and hydro‐geomorphological principles. Additional DEMs were constructed by combining multi‐source, modified data. Models were evaluated by comparison with d‐GPS reference data and by considering sediment budget plausibility. Comprehensive evaluation showed that DEM usability depends on a relation between the technique used to obtain elevation data, surface morphology and vegetation cover characteristics. Photogrammetry‐based DEMs were suited to quantification of change in interrill areas but strongly underestimated surface lowering in erosion rills. TLS DEMs were best suited to rill areas, while ALS DEMs performed best in vegetation‐covered alluvial areas. Agreement with reference data and budget plausibility were improved by modifications to photogrammetry‐ and TLS‐based DEMs. Results suggest that artefacts in DEMs can be reduced and hydro‐geomorphic surface structures can be better represented by applying region‐specific modifications. Photogrammetry‐based DEMs can be improved by combining higher and lower resolution data in defined structural units and applying modifications based on principles given by characteristic hydro‐geomorphic evolution. Results of the critical comparative evaluation of remotely‐sensed elevation data can help to better interpret DEM‐based quantifications of earth‐surface processes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volatile aroma components of Thai fish sauce in relation to product categorization
Authors: Wichaphon Jetsada , Thongthai Chaufah , Assavanig Apinya , Lertsiri Sittiwat
Published: December 2011

Numerous investigations on aroma characteristics of fish sauce in particular samples have been conducted extensively; however, the relation of those volatile aroma profiles and aroma characteristics to quality and categorization of the product have never been reported. This study explored the contribution of volatile aroma components on product quality categorization of 52 Thai fish sauce samples. First, odour‐active compounds were investigated by dynamic headspace gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC‐O) from eight selected samples with four different qualities, including mature–unblended samples, premium‐grade samples, first‐grade samples and second‐grade samples. Eleven odour‐active compounds, i.e. acetic acid, propanoic acid, 2‐methylpropanoic acid, butanoic acid, 3‐methylbutanoic acid, dimethyl trisulfide, 3‐(methylthio)propanal, 1‐octen‐3‐ol, 2‐butanol, trimethylamine and n‐propanol, contributed to the aroma characteristics of Thai fish sauce. A combination score was assigned to express the integration of flavour dilution on dynamic headspace dilution analysis and intensity of odour perceived on GC‐O. The combination scores were analysed with principal component analysis to categorize these eight selected samples. Furthermore, these odour‐active compounds detected as released volatile compounds from 52 fish sauce samples were applied for categorization of 52 samples. As a result, both combination scores and relative concentrations of these odour‐active compounds could discriminate the fish sauce products according to their conventional grading which is based on total nitrogen of the sample. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.