bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Hydraulic Energy-Saving Technology in the Teaching, Research, and Practice of Mechanical Engineering
Authors: Gao Mengdi , Wang Qingyang , Shan Xiuyang , Li Qiang , Zhang Lifeng
Published: February 2024

To cope with the current resource, energy, and environmental problems faced by the manufacturing industry, energy conservation has become a long-term national development strategic policy. Specifically, the problems of high energy consumption and low energy efficiency in hydraulic systems have received considerable attention. Based on previous research on hydraulic energy-saving technology, this paper discusses the problems and challenges faced by such technology in higher education, the methods of integrating this technology into the curricula of mechanical majors, and the implementation of teaching reform. In the selected case study, hydraulic energy-saving technology was incorporated into the hydraulic experiment and practical training course of our school, focusing on the integration of energy-saving and emission-reduction concepts in the field of mechanical engineering teaching and research. Integrating hydraulic energy-saving technology into teaching and research not only enriches the content of mechanical engineering degree courses but also integrates professional knowledge with future work practice, provides methods and technical support for future research by teachers and students, and stimulates new ideas for the teaching reform and talent cultivation of mechanical engineering majors.
Sustainable Digital Change: The Case of a Municipality
Authors: Gudmundsdottir Svala , Sigurjonsson Throstur Olaf , Hlynsdottir Eva Marín , Fridriksdottir Solrun Dia , Ingibjargardottir Inga Sol
Published: February 2024

This study concentrates on how change can be effectively managed within the public sector to enhance sustainability. Public institutions are vital in promoting societal well-being and must be capable of adapting to changing circumstances while embracing sustainable practices. The study discusses the importance of digital development and inclusion in the public sector, highlighting the need for organizations to adapt to a changing world and prioritize information technology and user needs. The research methodology involves qualitative research, including semi-structured interviews with employees from the city of Reykjavík, Iceland. The findings emphasize the importance of leaders and middle managers being on board and taking ownership of the digital transformation process. The study also highlights the significance of sustainability in resource management and the innovation in service provision that comes with digital transformation. Overall, the study contributes to understanding change management and digital development in the public sector and provides insights for organizations that are seeking to promote sustainability and adapt to digital advancements.
A New Index to Assess the Effect of Climate Change on Karst Spring Flow Rate
Authors: Behrouj Peely Ahmad , Mohammadi Zargham , Sivelle Vianney , Labat David , Naderi Mostafa
Published: February 2024

Karstic aquifers, because of their conduit system, are susceptible to climate change. Ten karst springs in the Zagros region were selected to investigate the impact of climate change under three CMIP6 scenarios: SSP1-1.9, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5. This study was conducted in three steps: downscaling climate projection, analyzing spring discharge time series, and introducing a new index to assess the impact of climate change on spring flow rate. Applying LARS-WG6, precipitation was downscaled at 14 stations in the study area. Moreover, time series and trend analysis showed that the selected springs have experienced a decrease in their flow rate. Assuming the covariance function between precipitation and spring discharge is constant, new indices (i.e., IQd, IdQd, and Icc) were introduced to highlight the effect of climate change according to the three scenarios. dQd is the variability of spring discharge from past to future, IdQd is spring discharge variability over the historical data, and Icc is the effect of precipitation and spring discharge change together. Icc has a range from −0.25 to 0.25 below and above, which is indicative that two extreme conditions including the spring dryness and overflow are in effect, respectively. The main results revealed that the degree of impact at each spring is a function of climate change scenarios and hydrogeological characteristics of the karstic systems. A more noticeable negative trend in spring flow rate is observed for the karst springs characterized by a dominant conduit flow regime and low matrix storage, located in the areas with low cumulative rainfall, and has a stronger relationship with precipitation. Based on the results, decisions on the management of karst water resources should be made considering where the springs bear free surface and pressurized flow conditions.
Associations between Autonomy-Supportive Teaching, the Use of Non-Academic ICTs, and Student Motivation in English Language Learning
Authors: Muth Joy , Lüftenegger Marko
Published: February 2024

During puberty, children experience an increased need for autonomy in all areas of their lives, including school. However, teachers use different levels of autonomy-supportive teaching strategies, which might have detrimental effects on students’ perceived competence and—building on self-determination theory—motivation to learn. In this preregistered study, we investigated whether students could buffer the negative impact of little perceived autonomy support in the English-language classroom on their perceived competence and, consequently, two motivational outcomes (grade aspirations, intrinsic motivation) by using non-academic English-language ICTs in their free time. We calculated several (moderated) mediation models with a Bayesian estimator, using data from N = 1288 Austrian secondary school students who answered three online questionnaires between May 2022 and April 2023. The results showed that perceived competence predicts both types of motivation and is influenced by students’ use of non-academic English-language ICTs. However, the effects of autonomy-supportive teaching strategies depend on which variables are included in the models. Our study therefore highlights the importance of examining several aspects of autonomy-supportive teaching and including variables from outside the school to represent the complex environment in which students’ motivation is shaped.
The Impact of Strategic Agility on Environmental Sustainability: The Mediating Role of Digital Transformation
Authors: Rawashdeh Abas , Abdallah Ayman Bahjat , Alfawaeer Moayyad , Al Dweiri Mohammad , Al-Jaghbeer Feras
Published: February 2024

In today’s ambiguous and complicated business environment, businesses are required and mandated to be agile and think rapidly. Building on the theory of dynamic capability, the present research makes a strong argument that strategic agility is a key component in managing continuous change effectively. The primary objectives of this research are to examine the impact of strategic agility on digital transformation and environmental sustainability and to explore the effect of digital transformation on environmental sustainability. Additionally, we investigated the indirect impact of strategic agility on environmental sustainability via digital transformation. To achieve these objectives, a self-administered questionnaire was developed and used to gather data from 284 managers in manufacturing companies in Jordan. To test the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling (SEM) with Amos 24.0 was used. The results revealed that strategic agility positively impacted both digital transformation and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, digital transformation positively affects environmental sustainability. Additionally, digital transformation partially mediated strategic agility’s impact on environmental sustainability. The results indicate that businesses use and employ strategic agility as a means to achieve the desired results, and it may operate as a proactive facilitator and catalyst, allowing organizations to optimize most of their available resources, achieve the desired digital transformation, and accomplish the expected environmental sustainability objectives and results.
Recent Technological Advancements in BIM and LCA Integration for Sustainable Construction: A Review
Authors: Chen Zhonghao , Chen Lin , Zhou Xingyang , Huang Lepeng , Sandanayake Malindu , Yap Pow-Seng
Published: February 2024

In the high-energy, high-carbon landscape of the construction industry, a detailed and precise life cycle assessment (LCA) is essential. This review examines the role of building information modeling (BIM) software in streamlining the LCA process to enhance efficiency and accuracy. Despite its potential, challenges such as software interoperability and compatibility persist, with no unified standard for choosing BIM-integrated LCA software. Besides, the review explores the capabilities and limitations of various BIM software, LCA tools, and energy consumption tools, and presents characteristics of BIM-LCA integration cases. It critically discusses BIM-LCA integration methods and data exchange techniques, including bill of quantities import, Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) import, BIM viewer usage, direct LCA calculations with BIM plugins, and LCA plugin calculations. Finally, concluding with future perspectives, the study aims to guide the development of advanced LCA tools for better integration with BIM software, addressing a vital need in sustainable construction practices.
MxPL: A Programming Language for Matrix-Related Operations
Authors: Aydoğdu Mehmet Cemil , Aydoğdu Özge , Pehlivan Hüseyin
Published: February 2024

It is important to establish solid mathematical knowledge throughout the education period. Matrices are important mathematical objects commonly used in many diverse disciplines, including mathematics, engineering, and science. Most problems encountered in such disciplines are represented by mathematical models with various types of matrices, and solved through some applications of matrix algebra. Although simple or advanced operations of matrices can be performed by using modern programming languages, it usually results in a large fragment of code with a low level of readability due to a complicated sequence of control statements. On the other hand, special-purpose languages handle these operations via library functions, presenting poor integration with other programming environments, and less programming flexibility and practice. This paper addresses the design and development of a programming language, called MxPL, which supports matrix-related mathematics with the provision of some basic structures and functions. Firstly, a grammar that is compatible with the usual notations of matrices is constructed and the parser is produced. Then, the code verifier and interpreter for MxPL programs are implemented. Some code examples are presented to illustrate the performance of several sophisticated matrix operations. The comparative analysis of MxPL is conducted with modern programming languages based on language features.
Single-View 3D Reconstruction via Differentiable Rendering and Inverse Procedural Modeling
Authors: Garifullin Albert , Maiorov Nikolay , Frolov Vladimir , Voloboy Alexey
Published: February 2024

Three-dimensional models, reconstructed from real-life objects, are extensively used in virtual and mixed reality technologies. In this paper we propose an approach to 3D model reconstruction via inverse procedural modeling and describe two variants of this approach. The first option is to fit a set of input parameters using a genetic algorithm. The second option allows us to significantly improve precision by using gradients within the memetic algorithm, differentiable rendering, and differentiable procedural generators. We demonstrate the results of our work on different models, including trees, which are complex objects that most existing methods cannot reconstruct. In our work, we see two main contributions. First, we propose a method to join differentiable rendering and inverse procedural modeling. This gives us the ability to reconstruct 3D models more accurately than existing approaches when few input images are available, even for a single image. Second, we combine both differentiable and non-differentiable procedural generators into a single framework that allows us to apply inverse procedural modeling to fairly complex generators. We show that both variants of our approach can be useful: the differentiable one is more precise but puts limitations on the procedural generator, while the one based on genetic algorithms can be used with any existing generator. The proposed approach uses information about the symmetry and structure of the object to achieve high-quality reconstruction from a single image.
Orientation Dependence of High-Order Harmonic Generation from HeH2+ in a Corotating Two-Color Circularly Polarized Laser Field
Authors: Gao Na , Qiao Yue , Wang Yuan , Wang Jun , Guo Fuming , Yang Yujun
Published: February 2024

By numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we study high-order harmonic generation from the asymmetric diatomic molecule HeH2+ in a corotating two-color circularly polarized laser field. Our results reveal a strong correlation between the molecule orientation and the harmonic yield. The harmonics in the plateau region can achieve an intensity modulation of one to two orders of magnitude with the change in the orientation angle. Through the time-dependent evolution of ionized electron wave packets combined with the analysis of the transition dipole moment between the continuum and bound states, the modulation of the harmonic strength may be attributed to the difference in the recollision angle of ionized electron wave packets relative to the molecules. In addition, the harmonic ellipticity is also affected by the molecular orientation. Notably, we found that the harmonic with greater ellipticity and higher intensity can be obtained with an orientation angle of 147°. These findings open up new avenues for achieving enhanced efficiency, the near-circular polarization of harmonics, and precise control over harmonic polarization states.
Agreement between Inter-Limb Asymmetries in Single and Triple Unilateral Hops, and Associations with Bilateral Jumping and Sprint Performance in U17 and U19 Soccer Players
Authors: Pleša Jernej , Ribič Ažbe , Ujaković Filip , Kozinc Žiga , Šarabon Nejc
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the agreement regarding the direction of interlimb asymmetry (ILA) between different horizontal jumping tests, to examine the differences in ILA between different age categories and to assess the relationship between ILA and sprint and jump performance. The sample included 38 elite youth male soccer players from two distinct age categories (U17 and U19). The testing procedure consisted of a 10 m sprint test, unilateral and bilateral broad jumps, and unilateral and bilateral triple hops. The results showed moderate correlation and fair agreement in the direction of ILA between single broad jumps and single-leg triple hops (κ = 0.42; p = 0.014). The magnitude of ILAs tended to be larger in the unilateral triple hop (5.41 ± 5.25%) compared to the unilateral single hop (3.54 ± 2.67%). Furthermore, the older group had smaller ILA magnitudes in both jumping tests, with significant differences between age groups being observed only in single hops (p = 0.46; d = 0.78). Additionally, significant associations were found only between the ILA unilateral triple hop with bilateral single jump (r = −0.39) and sprint performance (r = 0.40), while ILA in the broad jump showed no significant associations with performance metrics. Based these results, the unilateral triple hop could be recommended as the preferred horizontal jump variation for screening soccer players. Furthermore, in line with the literature, mean ILA in horizontal jumps were far below the commonly used threshold of >10–15% (mean ILA 3.5–6.5%), which suggests that the ILA threshold for horizontal jumps should be reconsidered.
In Vitro Toxicity Screening of Fifty Complex Mixtures in HepG2 Cells
Authors: Kim Sunmi , Kang Kyounghee , Kim Haena , Seo Myungwon
Published: February 2024

To develop the risk prediction technology for mixture toxicity, a reliable and extensive dataset of experimental results is required. However, most published literature only provides data on combinations containing two or three substances, resulting in a limited dataset for predicting the toxicity of complex mixtures. Complex mixtures may have different mode of actions (MoAs) due to their varied composition, posing difficulty in the prediction using conventional toxicity prediction models, such as the concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) models. The aim of this study was to generate an experimental dataset comprising complex mixtures. To identify the target complex mixtures, we referred to the findings of the HBM4EU project. We identified three groups of seven to ten components that were commonly detected together in human bodies, namely environmental phenols, perfluorinated compounds, and heavy metal compounds, assuming these chemicals to have different MoAs. In addition, a separate mixture was added consisting of seven organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), which may have similar chemical structures. All target substances were tested for cytotoxicity using HepG2 cell lines, and subsequently 50 different complex mixtures were randomly generated with equitoxic mixtures of EC10 levels. To determine the interaction effect, we calculated the model deviation ratio (MDR) by comparing the observed EC10 with the predicted EC10 from the CA model, then categorized three types of interactions: antagonism, additivity, and synergism. Dose–response curves and EC values were calculated for all complex mixtures. Out of 50 mixtures, none demonstrated synergism, while six mixtures exhibited an antagonistic effect. The remaining mixtures exhibited additivity with MDRs ranging from 0.50 to 1.34. Our experimental data have been formatted to and constructed for the database. They will be utilized for further research aimed at developing the combined CA/IA approaches to support mixture risk assessment.
Genetic Profile of Rotavirus Type A in Children under 5 Years Old in Africa: A Systematic Review of Prevalence
Authors: Miranda Sandra , Tonin Fernanda S. , Pinto-Sousa Carlos , Fortes-Gabriel Elsa , Brito Miguel
Published: February 2024

Human type A rotavirus (RV-A) is world-recognized as the major pathogen causing viral gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age. The literature indicates a substantial increase in the diversity of rotavirus strains across continents, especially in Africa, which can pose significant challenges including an increase of disease burden and a reduction of vaccines’ effectiveness. However, few studies have mapped the variety of circulating virus strains in different regions, which may hamper decisions on epidemiological surveillance and preventive public health measures. Thus, our aim was to compile the most updated available evidence on the genetic profile of RV-A among children in Africa and determine the prevalence of different genotypes according to the geographical regions by means of a broad systematic review. Systematic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Scielo without language, time limits, or geographical restrictions within the African continent. We selected full-text peer-reviewed articles assessing the genetic profile (i.e., genotyping) of RV-A in children up to 5 years old in Africa. Overall, 682 records were retrieved, resulting in 75 studies included for evidence synthesis. These studies were published between 1999 and 2022, were conducted in 28 countries from the five African regions, and 48% of the studies were carried out for 24 months or more. Most studies (n = 55; 73.3%) evaluated RV-A cases before the introduction of the vaccines, while around 20% of studies (n = 13) presented data after the vaccine approval in each country. Only seven (9.3%) studies compared evidence from both periods (pre- and post-vaccine introduction). Genotyping methods to assess RV-A varied between RT-PCR, nested or multiplex RT-PCR, testing only the most common P and G-types. We observed G1 and P[8] to be the most prevalent strains in Africa, with values around 31% and 43%, respectively. Yet if all the genotypes with the following highest prevalence were added ((G1 + G2, G3, G9) and (P[8] + P[6], P[4])), these figures would represent 80% and 99% of the total prevalence. The combination G1P[8] was the most reported in the studies (around 22%). This review study demonstrated an increased strain diversity in the past two decades, which could represent a challenge to the efficacy of the current vaccine.
Porcine Sapovirus Protease Controls the Innate Immune Response and Targets TBK1
Authors: Georgana Iliana , Hosmillo Myra , Jahun Aminu S. , Emmott Edward , Sorgeloos Frederic , Cho Kyoung-Oh , Goodfellow Ian G.
Published: February 2024

Human sapoviruses (HuSaVs) and noroviruses are considered the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. While extensive research has focused on noroviruses, our understanding of sapoviruses (SaVs) and their interactions with the host’s immune response remains limited. HuSaVs have been challenging to propagate in vitro, making the porcine sapovirus (PSaV) Cowden strain a valuable model for studying SaV pathogenesis. In this study we show, for the first time, that PSaV Cowden strain has mechanisms to evade the host’s innate immune response. The virus 3C-like protease (NS6) inhibits type I IFN production by targeting TBK1. Catalytically active NS6, both during ectopic expression and during PSaV infection, targets TBK1 which is then led for rapid degradation by the proteasome. Moreover, deletion of TBK1 from porcine cells led to an increase in PSaV titres, emphasizing its role in regulating PSaV infection. Additionally, we successfully established PSaV infection in IPEC-J2 cells, an enterocytic cell line originating from the jejunum of a neonatal piglet. Overall, this study provides novel insights into PSaV evasion strategies, opening the way for future investigations into SaV–host interactions, and enabling the use of a new cell line model for PSaV research.
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Glycoprotein B from a Hyperfusogenic Virus Mediates Enhanced Cell–Cell Fusion
Authors: Gianopulos Katrina A. , Makio Albina O. , Pritchard Suzanne M. , Cunha Cristina W. , Hull McKenna A. , Nicola Anthony V.
Published: February 2024

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) causes significant morbidity and death in humans worldwide. Herpes simplex virus 1 has a complex fusion mechanism that is incompletely understood. The HSV-1 strain ANG has notable fusion and entry activities that distinguish it from wild type. HSV-1 ANG virions fused with the Vero cell surface at 4 °C and also entered cells more efficiently at 15 °C, relative to wild type HSV-1 strain KOS virions, consistent with a hyperfusogenic phenotype. Understanding the molecular basis for the unique entry and fusion activities of HSV-1 strain ANG will help decipher the HSV fusion reaction and entry process. Sequencing of HSV-1 ANG genes revealed multiple changes in gB, gC, gD, gH, and gL proteins relative to wild type HSV-1 strains. The ANG UL45 gene sequence, which codes for a non-essential envelope protein, was identical to wild type KOS. HSV-1 ANG gB, gD, and gH/gL were necessary and sufficient to mediate cell–cell fusion in a virus-free reporter assay. ANG gB, when expressed with wild type KOS gD and gH/gL, increased membrane fusion, suggesting that ANG gB has hyperfusogenic cell–cell fusion activity. Replacing the KOS gD, gH, or gL with the corresponding ANG alleles did not enhance cell–cell fusion. The novel mutations in the ANG fusion and entry glycoproteins provide a platform for dissecting the cascade of interactions that culminate in HSV fusion and entry.
Sequencing, Analysis and Organization of the Complete Genome of a Novel Baculovirus Calliteara abietis Nucleopolyhedrovirus (CaabNPV)
Authors: Jin Wenyi , Byambasuren Mijidsuren , Ganbold Uranbileg , Shi Huixian , Liang Hongbin , Li Miaomiao , Wang Hongtuo , Qin Qilian , Zhang Huan
Published: February 2024

Baculoviridae, a virus family characterized by a single large double stranded DNA, encompasses the majority of viral bioinsecticides, representing a highly promising and environmentally friendly pesticide approach to insect control. This study focuses on the characterization of a baculovirus isolated from larvae of Calliteara abietis (Erebidae, Lymantriidae) collected in Mongolian pinaceae forests. This new isolate was called Calliteara abietis nucleopolyhedrovirus (CaabNPV). CaabNPV exhibits an irregular polyhedron shape, and significant variation in the diameter of its occlusion bodies (OBs) was observed. Nucleotide distance calculations confirmed CaabNPV as a novel baculovirus. The CaabNPV genome spans 177,161 bp with a G+C content of 45.12% and harbors 150 potential open reading frames (ORFs), including 38 core genes. A comprehensive genomic analysis categorizes CaabNPV within Group II alphabaculovirus, revealing a close phylogenetic relationship with Alphabaculovirus orleucostigmae (OrleNPV). Additionally, repeat sequence analysis identified three highly repetitive sequences consisting of 112 bp repeat units, known as homologous regions (hrs). This research contributes valuable insights into CaabNPV’s phylogenetic placement, genomic structure, and its potential applications in insect biocontrol.
Kinetics and Value of Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection during Antiviral Treatment
Authors: Sandmann Lisa , Bremer Birgit , Ohlendorf Valerie , Jaroszewicz Jerzy , Wedemeyer Heiner , Cornberg Markus , Maasoumy Benjamin
Published: February 2024

Background: The hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) correlates with HBV DNA in patients with chronic HBV infection without antiviral treatment. Its utility in monitoring patients during and after the cessation of nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) treatment is unknown. Methods: The levels of HBcrAg were longitudinally determined in two cohorts of chronic HBV-infected patients with (A) newly started NA treatment or (B) after NA cessation during a median follow up (FU) of 60 months or 48 weeks, respectively. The correlation of HBcrAg and HBV DNA and the predictive value for HBeAg seroconversion and HBsAg loss were evaluated. Results: Fifty-six patients with newly-started NA treatment and 22 patients with NA cessation were identified. HBcrAg and HBV DNA strongly correlated before NA treatment (r = 0.77, p < 0.0001) and at virological relapse (0.66, p = 0.0063). At the individual level, the discrepant kinetics of HBcrAg and HBV DNA became evident. During NA treatment, 33% (6/18) and 9% (5/56) of patients showed HBeAg seroconversion or HBsAg loss/HBsAg < 100 IU/mL, respectively. Low levels of HBcrAg were associated with these endpoints. Conclusion: HBcrAg levels before antiviral treatment help to identify patients with chances of HBsAg loss or HBeAg seroconversion. However, its utility in replacing quantitative HBV DNA to evaluate treatment efficacy or virological relapse off-treatment is limited.
Enhanced Peroxydisulfate (PDS) Activation for Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) Degradation by Modified Sludge Biochar: Focusing on the Role of Functional Groups
Authors: He Yuting , Lin Jiantao , Yang Yuchuan , Liu Minghua , Liu Yifan
Published: February 2024

Modified sludge biochar, recognized for its notable economic and environmental benefits, demonstrates potential as an effective catalyst for peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms underlying its catalytic performance require more comprehensive investigation. In this study, a modified biochar (TSBC) doped with oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) atoms was synthesized from sewage sludge and tannin extract, which significantly enhanced the activation of PDS for the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The TSBC/PDS system demonstrated robust performance for SMX degradation, achieving over 90% efficiency over a wide pH range (3–10). Subsequent quenching experiments demonstrated that TSBC predominantly catalyzed PDS to generate O21, which effectively degraded SMX via a non-radical pathway. The O- and N-containing functional groups in TSBC were identified as the primary catalytic sites. Besides, density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the incorporation of graphitic N significantly improved the adsorption capacity of PDS on the TSBC surface. Furthermore, based on the identification of intermediates and theoretical calculations, SMX was degraded mainly by two different pathways: S-N cleavage and O21 oxidation. This study offers a foundational framework for the targeted modification of sludge biochar, thereby expanding its applications.
Risk Colored Snake (RCS): An Innovative Method for Evaluating Flooding Risk of Linear Hydraulic Infrastructures
Authors: Molina José-Luis , Zazo Santiago , Espejo Fernando , Patino-Alonso Carmen , Blanco-Gutiérrez Irene , Zarzo Domingo
Published: February 2024

Floods are probably the most hazardous global natural event as well as the main cause of human losses and economic damage. They are often hard to predict, but their consequences may be reduced by taking the right precautions. In this sense, hydraulic infrastructures, such as dams, are generally the most widely used management elements to significantly mitigate this natural risk. However, others, such as linear ones, mainly ditches and canals, can both in themselves be potentially active risk-generating factors and vectors of flooding risk propagation. The aim of this research is to develop an accurate and detailed technique for assessing the intrinsic risk of these infrastructures due to flood events. This is performed based on two key factors: the proximity to urban areas and the water level reached in the infrastructures. Consequently, this research is developed through a double geomatic and hydraulic component organized into four steps: topological processing, parameter computation, risk calculation, and development of the Risk Colored Snake (RCS) technique. This was successfully applied to the network of irrigation ditches of Almoradí in Alicante (Spain), which is characterized by a high exposure level to flood hazards. RCS is a valuable tool to easily assess the potential risk of each section of the linear hydraulic infrastructures. By means of color-coding RCS, it is simpler for the end user to quickly detect potentially problematic locations in an accurate and detailed manner.
Removal of Heavy Metals and Bulk Organics towards Application in Modified Constructed Wetlands Using Activated Carbon and Zeolites
Authors: Ofiera Luca M. , Bose Purnendu , Kazner Christian
Published: February 2024

Constructed wetlands are a versatile technology for various treatment approaches, especially in emerging countries. The research aims to study and optimize the hybridizing process of a vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland with adsorption technology to provide energy-efficient and sustainable removal of heavy metals and bulk organics before their discharge into water bodies or water reuse for irrigation. This study focuses on the adsorption of selected heavy metals present in sewage from Kanpur, India, a cluster of tanning industries and other relevant industrial polluters, investigating the pollutant adsorption onto activated carbon and zeolites in batch and column tests. The results of the batch tests indicated high zeolite loading rates for lead (91.6 mg/g), chromium (60.8 mg/g) and copper (47.4 mg/g). In the column tests applying different adsorbent combinations and ratios, the average removal rates were as follows: 54.6% for cadmium, 14.1% for chromium, 52.4% for copper, 2.2% for iron, 29.2% for manganese, 26.6% for nickel, 35.2% for lead and 44.6% for zinc. The column tests conducted in preparation for field testing in pilot wetlands showed that shorter retention times and background bulk organic concentrations, as well as high ammonium concentrations, negatively affected heavy metal removal by reducing the adsorption and ion exchange capacity of the adsorbents.
Systematic Evaluation of Possible Maximum Loads Caused by Electric Vehicle Charging and Heat Pumps and Their Effects on Common Structures of German Low-Voltage Grids
Authors: Fakhrooeian Parnian , Pitz Volker , Scheppat Birgit
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we present a comprehensive assessment of the effects of residential loads, electric vehicles (EVs), and electric heat pumps (HPs) on low-voltage (LV) grids in urban, suburban, and rural areas of Germany. Firstly, real data are used to determine the typical structures for each LV grid region. Secondly, nine scenarios are defined with different levels of EV and HP penetration. Thirdly, the Low Voltage Load Flow Calculation in the DIgSILENT PowerFactory is performed for all scenarios while taking the simultaneity factor (SF) for each load type into consideration to calculate the minimum voltage and maximum loadings of transformer and lines in each grid; this allows for the grid’s potential bottlenecks to be identified. The network simulations are carried out with the consideration of charging powers of 11 kW and 22 kW in order to evaluate how an increasing EV load in the future may affect the grid’s parameters. To the best of our knowledge, no study in the literature has simultaneously addressed all of the aforementioned topics. The results of this study provide a useful framework that distribution system operators (DSOs) may apply to anticipate the forthcoming challenges and figure out when grid reinforcement will be required.
Online behavioural interventions for children and young people with eczema: a quantitative evaluation
Authors: Greenwell Kate , Becque Taeko , Sivyer Katy , Steele Mary , Denison-Day James , Howells Laura , Ridd Matthew J , Roberts Amanda , Lawton Sandra , Langan Sinéad M , Hooper Julie , Wilczynska Sylvia , Griffiths Gareth , Sach Tracey H , Little Paul , Williams Hywel C , Thomas Kim S , Yardley Lucy , Muller Ingrid , Santer Miriam , Stuart Beth
Published: February 2024

Background

Two online behavioural interventions (one website for parents/carers of children with eczema; and one for young people with eczema) have been shown in randomised controlled trials to facilitate a sustained improvement in eczema severity.

Aim

To describe intervention use and examine potential mediators of intervention outcomes and contextual factors that may influence intervention delivery and outcomes.

Design and setting

Quantitative process evaluation in UK primary care.

Method

Parents/carers and young people were recruited through primary care. Intervention use was recorded and summarised descriptively. Logistic regression explored sociodemographic and other factors associated with intervention engagement. Mediation analysis investigated whether patient enablement (ability to understand and cope with health issues), treatment use, and barriers to adherence were mediators of intervention effect. Subgroup analysis compared intervention effects among pre-specified participant subsets.

Results

A total of 340 parents/carers and 337 young people were recruited. Most parents/carers (87%,n= 148/171) and young people (91%,n= 153/168) in the intervention group viewed the core introduction by 24 weeks. At 24 weeks, users had spent approximately 20 minutes on average on the interventions. Among parents/carers, greater intervention engagement was associated with higher education levels, uncertainty about carrying out treatments, and doubts about treatment efficacy at baseline. Among young people, higher intervention use was associated with higher baseline eczema severity. Patient enablement (the ability to understand and cope with health issues) accounted for approximately 30% of the intervention effect among parents/carers and 50% among young people.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that positive intervention outcomes depended on a modest time commitment from users. This provides further support that the wider implementation of Eczema Care Online is justified.
Primary care provision for young people with ADHD: a multi-perspective qualitative study
Authors: Gudka Rebecca , Becker Kieran , Ward John , Smith Jane R , Mughal Faraz , Melendez-Torres GJ , Newlove-Delgado Tamsin , Price Anna
Published: February 2024

Background

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder. UK guidance states that primary care has a vital role in effective ADHD management, including referral, medication prescribing and monitoring, and providing broader mental health and wellbeing support. However, many GPs feel unsupported to provide health care for young people with ADHD. Inadequate health care is associated with rising costs for patients and society.

Aim

To investigate the experiences of young people with ADHD accessing primary care in England, from the perspectives of people with lived experience of ADHD and healthcare professionals (HCPs).

Design and setting

A qualitative study. Interviews were conducted with HCPs (GPs, practice managers, and a wellbeing worker) and people with lived experience of ADHD (young people aged 16–25 years and their supporters) located in integrated care systems across England.

Method

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants at five purposively selected general practices (varying by deprivation, ethnicity, and setting). Questions focused on experiences of accessing/providing health care for ADHD. Reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken within a critical realist framework to understand how provision works in practice and to explore potential improvements.

Results

In total, 20 interviews were completed with 11 HCPs and nine people with lived experience. Three themes were generated: a system under stress, incompatibility between ADHD and the healthcare system, and strategies for change in ADHD primary care provision.

Conclusion

Standardisation of ADHD management in primary care, providing better information and support for HCPs, and advising on reasonable adjustments for people with lived experience could help improve access to effective treatments for young people living with ADHD.
EVALUASI WAKTU TUNGGU PELAYANAN RESEP RAWAT JALAN DI RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Najib Sarah Zielda , Yanti Jamila Hamidi , Rohmah Anisatur
Published: February 2024

Dalam memberikan pelayanan kefarmasian di Rumah Sakit perlu dilakukan monitoring dan evaluasi demi tercapainya pelayanan kesehatan yang bermutu, sehingga Rumah Sakit diharapkan mampu memenuhi Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM) yang telah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah yaitu waktu tunggu pelayanan resep. Waktu tunggu pelayanan resep sesuai peraturan adalah £ 30 menit untuk resep non-racikan dan £ 60 menit untuk resep racikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi waktu tunggu pelayanan resep rawat jalan di RSIA Hikmah Sawi Kabupaten Bangkalan dengan metode deskriptif observatif dengan pengamatan langsung dan pencatatan waktu tunggu pelayanan resep dalam lembar observasi terhadap seluruh resep pada bulan November 2023. Dari hasil penelitian didapat resep rawat jalan yang dilayani pada bulan November 2023 sebanyak 591 resep yang terdiri dari 567 resep non racikan dan 24 resep racikan. Rata-rata waktu tunggu sampel yang didapat selama penelitian adalah 15,43 menit untuk resep racikan dan 12,67 menit untuk resep non-racikan menunjukkan waktu tunggu pelayanan resep memenuhi persyaratan yang berlaku yaitu waktu tunggu resep racikan adalah £ 60 menit dan waktu tunggu pelayanan resep non racikan £ 30 menit.
The new ecological paradigm and attitudes towards sustainable business practices – a Mexican case study
Authors: Quintana David Slim Zepeda , Platje Johannes , Bernaciak Arnold , Czekała Mariusz , Will Markus , Van Dam Ynte K.
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the impact of teaching programmes on perceptions of sustainable development among students. The researchers argue that existing educational programmes must provide a comprehensive approach to mitigating collapse risk. To address this issue, the study developed a teaching programme to be delivered by experienced educators and experts, consisting of lectures, seminars, exercises, research projects, and related activities. The programme aimed to raise awareness of sustainable development and deepen understanding of the complexity of the subject. The results showed that the teaching programme increased students' appreciation of the importance of complexity and the non-linear impacts of Black Swans in the sustainability discourse without changing their adherence to the New Ecological Paradigm. The study highlights the need for education to enable students to deal with problems characterised by complexity, uncertainty, and low probability, as well as high-impact events that pose a non-linear threat to sustainable development.
Navigating Turkish EFL Teachers’ Perceived Challenges with Very Young Learners
Authors: Yıldız Gizem Rojda , Savaşçı Merve
Published: February 2024

This study sought to investigate teachers’ perceived challenges in teaching
English as a second/foreign language (ESL/EFL) to very young learners
(VYLs) (2 to 6 years-old pre-schoolers) in Türkiye, with a two-fold aim: 1)
to explore the challenges that EFL teachers experience in teaching VYLs,
and 2) to investigate whether there is a significant difference in the challenges
they encounter regarding their gender and years of teaching experience. The
participants were Turkish EFL teachers (N= 35) teaching English to VYLs
in preschools. A mixed method convergent research design was adopted
within the scope of the study: Quantitative data were collected by a Likert
Scale Questionnaire, while qualitative data were gathered via semi-structured
interviews. The data elicited via the questionnaire were analyzed through
descriptive statistics and a Mann-Whitney U Test using SPSS, and the data
gathered from the interview were analyzed by inductive content analysis.
Several challenges emerged, and findings revealed that teachers mostly
encounter challenges in managing the classroom and involving students in
teaching English to VYLs. However, findings did not illustrate a statistically
significant difference in the challenges teachers face regarding their gender
or years of teaching experience. Exploring these challenges can help teachers
and other stakeholders understand the potential problems in teaching
English to VYLs and help improve their instructional practices accordingly.
The article concludes with suggestions for further research.
Impact of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) to the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBP) during water/wastewater treatment: A review
Authors: Ahmed Md Ashik , Tabassum Sumaya , Argha Debo Brata Paul , Roy Pranta
Published: February 2024

Disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation during water and wastewater treatment is a concern for public health and environmental preservation. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) serves as a recognized precursor to DBP formation, which can potentially jeopardize human health. This review article offers a comprehensive insight into DON's influence on DBP formation during water and wastewater treatment processes. It delves into DON's sources, properties, and concentrations in water and wastewater, underlining the variability dependent on water source and environmental conditions. The mechanisms of DBP formation from DON, encompassing formation pathways and influencing factors, are meticulously examined. Different treatment methods, like chlorination, ozonation, and UV disinfection, are carefully examined to see how they affect the formation of DON and DBP. Factors that sway DON's impact on DBP formation are also explored. The review also presents various DBP reduction techniques, spanning physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods, their efficacy in curtailing DON's influence, and their potential pros and cons. It addresses challenges, outlines future research directions, identifies knowledge gaps, and highlights the necessity for regulatory measures and policies, providing recommendations for prospective research avenues. It is clear from this in-depth review that more research is needed to understand how DON affects the formation of DBP entirely. It is also essential to protect human health and the environment and follow the rules first when treating wastewater. In conclusion, it analyzes DON's part in forming DBP in water and wastewater treatment. This emphasizes the need for ongoing research and mitigation strategies to protect public health and water quality.
A INFLUÊNCIA DA MOTIVAÇÃO NO FUNCIONALISMO PÚBLICO
Authors: DE BRITO CAMPINHO DA SILVA DÉBORA
Published: February 2024

The objective of this work was to analyze the importance of motivation in the public sector, in order to investigate how its impact is reproduced on the quality of the work performed. To achieve this objective, the exploratory bibliographic review methodology was used, consolidating perspectives from different authors on the topic. In recent years, interest in employee motivation in the public environment has gained prominence. Government managers and leaders have come to understand the importance of motivation as a determining factor in optimizing the performance of public servants. Motivation is an intrinsically human characteristic, influenced by a complex interaction of internal and external factors. It is essential to ensure employee commitment, resulting in greater effectiveness and quality in the services provided, therefore contributing to achieving the objectives of the public sector. The motivation of public servants is a crucial element for the success of the state apparatus. When neglected, it can compromise modernization initiatives, the ability to meet citizens' demands, expand the supply of services, invest in technology and maintain the competitiveness and efficiency of the public sector. Therefore, it is imperative to adequately address the issue of human resource motivation in the context of the public sector, recognizing its strategic importance.
NANORREDES EM CORRENTE CONTÍNUA: PRINCIPAIS CONFIGURAÇÕES E UM CASO PRÁTICO APLICADO NA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: PARENTE DE OLIVEIRA ALVES VICTOR , CORREA DA FONSECA ARTHUR , FÁBIO DE OLIVEIRA BARBOSA CLAUDOMIRO , NEGRÃO MACÊDO WILSON , ANDRÉ BARROS GALHARDO MARCOS
Published: February 2024

This article aims to provide an overview of the use of direct current electrical distribution grids, especially small-scale ones classified as nanogrids and microgrids. It presents a brief literature review and discusses various aspects of these network types, such as polarity and structures. Additionally, it highlights significant advantages of employing DC grids over alternating current grids. Furthermore, the article explores the potential use of DC networks for electricity supply in remote communities in the Amazon. It emphasizes a practical case study of an experimental real-scale DC nanogrid implemented in the testing area of the Grupo de Estudos e Desenvolvimento de Alternativas Energéticas(GEDAE) at the Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). This nanogrid was later improved and replicated in the field to provide electricity to twelve residences and a church along the Piramanha River on Ilha das Onças, municipality of Barcarena, state of Pará. The article evaluates the relevance of nanogrids as a feasible and satisfactory alternative for supplying energy to communities without access to conventional electrical grids, drawing on the experiences of the real case study. It also discusses the applicability of this approach to other remote communities in the Amazon.