bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The DSM and Biological Research About Depression
Authors: Horwitz Allan V , Wakefield Jerome C
Published: November 2023

Research into the biological causes of depressive disorder, such as its grounding in neurochemicals, receptors, genes, and the structure and function of the brain, holds great promise of contributing to our growing understanding of behavior, as well as of leading to new and more effective treatments. Such studies include, for example, those that use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to explore brain activity in depressed patients, examinations of neurotransmitters and their role in depression (bolstered by the success of medications in influencing the level of neurotransmitters), and research on the genetic influences on depressive disorder.
Injury and the Role of Epidemiology
Authors: Robertson Leon S
Published: November 2023

For decades, injury deaths from motor vehicles, homicides, suicides, falls, poisonings, and drownings were listed in mortality statistics and largely ignored by researchers in epidemiology and public health. Near the end of the twentieth century, influential and important discussions of the future direction of epidemiological and public health research made no mention of injury (Susser and Susser, 1996; Pearce, 1996). A conference held in 2005 on the future of public health included one brief mention of injury, but more was said about Elvis impersonators than about injury prevention (University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 2005).
Research Objectives and Usable Data
Authors: Robertson Leon S
Published: November 2023

The first step in any research project is to ask a question or state a hypothesis that defines the objective of the study. The objective of the study determines the data needed. Even in very limited descriptive studies, one may have the opportunity to examine or collect data on various aspects of an injury: the severity of the injury, the energy sources involved, characteristics and behavior of the persons injured or others at the scene, the places of occurrence, the circumstances, the treatment received, and the cost of treatment.
Injury Statistics
Authors: Robertson Leon S
Published: November 2023

The simplest statistical description of injuries is the distribution by severity, obtained by counting the numbers in specific categories, such as fatal, hospitalized, and ambulatory, or on the severity scale of interest. For example, injury severity is sometimes described as distributed in the shape of a pyramid, with deaths at the top, hospitalizations in the middle, and others at the base. More refined categories of injuries by type and severity scales, however, are not pyramid shaped by severity. For example, there are substantially more deaths from motor vehicles than there are nonfatal, critical injuries (Abbreviated Injury Scale code 5; see table 4-2). Drowning and near drowning tends to result in death or a much lower number of severely brain-damaged and impairment cases from oxygen deficits, or persons survive without injury.
Understanding Love: Theory and Research
Authors: Barusch Amanda Smith
Published: November 2023

Valentine’s Day celebrates the possibilities of romance. We see them on display in a popular restaurant, where the action on this special day revolves around couples. Intimate conversations merge into a gentle hum, punctuated by the clink of silverware. Some are talking about love. But most are just living it. Twenty-somethings sneak glances at the 80-year-olds, wondering if they will make it that far and what “it” will be like. Old people glance back, wondering how the time passed so quickly. Middle-aged couples huddle close, grappling with problems from household finances to their children’s future. Two women hold hands openly, agreeing that today’s a day to order whatever they want. A gay man wonders why they got the corner table, and his partner teases him back to good humor. Love is in the air, but each one understands and experiences it differently.

Those experiencing love for the first time feel as if they are inventing the whole enterprise. Indeed, some of us spend lifetimes puzzling over the intricacies of romance. We are not alone. Philosophers, theorists, and scientists alike have devoted their energies to questions of romantic love. This chapter draws from their insights to illuminate the complexities of romantic attachment. In this guided tour of love throughout history, we will see how it has been defined and shaped by culture, science, and literature.
A Kind of Settled Bliss: Romance in Committed Relationships
Authors: Barusch Amanda Smith
Published: November 2023

Marty radiated vitality as he explained to me that his whole life was a love story. He wrote about it in his 250-page autobiography, titled The Life and Times of Marty C. Gilbert and Ethel Briggs Gilbert. We talked for a while, and when we were through I asked whether he needed a parking validation—nope. He had thought it would be easiest to find my office on foot so had parked at the V.A. Medical Center and walked a mile to the university. He was looking forward to the walk back. Marty’s demeanor, appearance, and energy seemed about right for a man in his mid-60s. Marty was 87 years old.
Betrayal and Rejection
Authors: Barusch Amanda Smith
Published: November 2023

Mattie’s first experience of love was also her first taste of betrayal. Born in Santiago, Chile, in 1934, Mattie fell in love at 16 and was married within 5 months. Their first few months were idyllic, but she became pregnant right away and her husband “start changing, changing, changing He wasn’t anymore my dream love.” He started drinking and seeing other women, and eventually he brought home a sexually transmitted disease. When she sought treatment, her care providers assumed Mattie was unfaithful to her husband and lectured her on the sin of infidelity. Mattie went home and slit her wrists. “Blood,” she recalls, “there was a lot of blood.” Her 8-year-old son went to neighbors for help, and they took her to the hospital. When she woke up and explained to the doctor why she tried to take her life, he assured her, “No man is worth the life of a mother!” Those words saved Mattie: She left her husband, moved her children to Argentina, and opened a successful beauty salon. When the family later migrated to the United States, she met and married Dirk. “In the beginning, “she remembers, “I loved my husband with all my heart.” But this would not last.
Love Lost
Authors: Barusch Amanda Smith
Published: November 2023

Walking to the front door of Susan’s historic home on a chilly fall morning, I breathed in the cozy smells of coffee and fallen leaves. Her living room was furnished in eclectic comfort, with plenty of family pictures—mostly of her children in graduation regalia. One corner held a tender shrine to Susan’s husband, Tommy.
The Resilient Clinician
Authors: Wicks Robert J
Published: November 2023

Author of several acclaimed books and expert in the field of secondary stress, psychologist Robert Wicks addresses the experience of the mental health professional and raises awareness of the insidious, almost silent psychological defenses of denial and avoidance in the life of the clinician. A concise guide to preventing and limiting acute and chronic secondary stress, The Resilient Clinician offers an overview of mindfulness and meditation as it applies to the clinician’s own life rather than that of the client or patient, and describes how to develop a personally designed self-care protocol. This immensely readable book also includes one of the most current selective bibliographies of relevant research and clinical and theoretical publications in the subject area, from common stressors and vicarious post-traumatic stress disorders to burnout and compassion fatigue. Informed by positive psychology and infused with compassion and wisdom, this book will help clinicians remain challenged, maintain perspective, and be inspired both professionally and personally.
Individualists of the World, Unite!
Authors: Burns Jennifer
Published: November 2023

Once she spotted the first pink, Rand began to see them every-where. They had even infiltrated the movie studios, she soon discovered. Despite her success as a novelist and playwright, Rand could find no work in the lucrative film industry, a failure she blamed on her outspoken opposition to Soviet Russia. She turned instead to the novel that would become The Fountainhead. Politics soon emerged as a welcome distraction. As Roosevelt launched his historic program of government reforms Rand watched closely. She read the New York newspapers regularly and began dipping into the work of authors critical of the president. By 1940 her interest in politics had become all-consuming. Fired to action by the presidential campaign of Wendell Willkie she stopped work on her novel and began volunteering full time for the New York City Willkie Club.
The Real Root of Evil
Authors: Burns Jennifer
Published: November 2023

Ayn and frank arrived in Hollywood as celebrities. The Fountainhead was the hot property of the moment, and the town buzzed with speculation about who would be chosen for the choicest roles. Stars began to court Rand in the belief that she could influence the studio’s choices. Joan Crawford threw a dinner for the O’Connors and came dressed as Dominique, in a long white gown and aquamarines. Warner Brothers set her up in an enormous office with a secretary out front and a $750 weekly salary. The contrast between Rand’s arrival as a penniless immigrant in 1926 and her latest debut was sharp.
Beyond Belief
Authors: Carter Prudence L
Published: November 2023

Racial and ethnic minority students living in poverty now have an unfortunate academic reputation among those who have not uncovered the deeper meanings and explanations for how the forces of social stratification—race, ethnicity, poverty, and culture—really affect students’ lives both inside and outside of school. Observers perceive these students to be at risk for significantly lower achievement performances, later to be at risk for having little or no skills to hold jobs that pay decent wages and salaries, to be at risk for supporting their children and families, to be at risk for participating in illicit activities that will land them in prison, or to be at risk for dependence on a host of social services supplied by the government and paid with tax dollars that create resentment among working peoples who view them as undeserving (Duncan and Brooks-Gunn ). Many of the young persons whom I interviewed for this study fit the profile of the at-risk youth, although only the best fortunetellers could tell us what would transpire in their futures. Contrary to popular belief, what I gathered from these students was that the ideas of being at-risk had little to no impact on to their aspirations.
Beyond The Question of Color
Authors: Ortega Debora M , Mixon Mitchell Debra A
Published: November 2023

Discussions about diversity issues in supervision occur in a variety of child welfare arenas. Diversity in child welfare most often refers to culturally responsive services delivered by workers when engaging families of color or the need for a diverse workforce. This chapter focuses on a third area that tends to receive less attention, which is the presence of complex inter and intracultural processes that occur in the supervisory relationship. These processes include communication styles, expectations, dynamics of power, and roles. The processes are influenced by organizational values, community values, and individual experience. In addition, the context of child welfare, which is fraught with high levels of stress, short timelines, and the possibility of hostility at multiple levels, further increases the stakes in an already high-stakes social service environment. This chapter will make a case for the value of a diverse workforce, highlight communication frameworks for individual and group supervision, and provide best-practice examples for effective supervision with diverse workers and work groups. While entire books have been written about aspects of diversity in child welfare practice (Everett, Chipungu, & Leashore, 2004; Thoburn, Chand, & Procter, 2004), this chapter specifically addresses the supervisor–supervisee relationship (see Box 9.1).
Getting and Keeping The Best People
Authors: Dickinson Nancy , Comstock Anne
Published: November 2023

Children and families served by the public child welfare system face complex and life-changing conditions. These clients deserve the best qualified and most committed staff possible that can provide the intensive, comprehensive services families need to ensure their children’s safety and well-being as they become more resilient. Yet those most committed to helping children and families often do not apply for public child welfare jobs, and the most capable staff members do not always continue working in child welfare (see Box 10.1). Child welfare supervisors are key to the development of a competent, stable child welfare workforce (American Public Human Services Association [APHSA], 2001; Dickinson & Perry, 2002; McCarthy, 2003; U.S. Government Accountability Office [GAO], 2003). However, the training and professional development of supervisors— as well as their job descriptions—typically focus on the general process of supervision and not on specific skills of staff recruitment, selection, and retention. The purpose of this chapter is to help child welfare supervisors value their critical role in the development of a qualified and committed child welfare workforce and learn effective strategies for getting and keeping the best people.
Etiological Theories of Somatoform Disorders
Authors: Lamberty Greg J
Published: November 2023

Despite the fact that diagnostic systems and epidemiologists seek to avoid messy issues of etiology in neuropsychiatric disorders, there is considerable interest in the developmental underpinnings of somatization. There is a wide range of opinion regarding the origins of somatization, some of which have been alluded to in the first several chapters. Among psychiatric disorders, however, somatoform disorders are unique. With most DSM diagnostic categories, there is an implicit expectation that the symptoms comprising a given diagnosis have some biological foundation. For example, it is widely believed that depression involves problems with serotonin and norepinephrine availability, and that schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder relate to abnormalities in the dopaminergic system. In somatization, symptoms ‘‘are not fully explained by a general medical condition, by the direct effects of a substance, or by another mental disorder’’ (American Psychiatric Association, 1994, p. 445). In other words, the symptoms are primarily psychological. The DSM-IV acknowledges that somatoform disorders are not grouped together based on a presumed shared etiology, but rather on the need to rule out medical or substance-use–related factors. In other words, they are diagnoses by exclusion. Perhaps the major problem with diagnoses by exclusion is that this often prolongs or increases the number of contacts with specialists and primary care providers. In somatization, persistent doctor shopping is at the heart of the clinical problem, and the notion that an acceptable diagnosis will be found often seems to be the somatizing patient’s Holy Grail.
Road Map for a Long Journey
Authors: Silverman Phyllis R , Kelly Madelyn
Published: November 2023

We are truly sorry you need this book, because reading this means that something tragic has happened in your family. Someone you love has died, or is going to die.
After a Child’s Death: A Family Disrupted
Authors: Silverman Phyllis R , Kelly Madelyn
Published: November 2023

When a child dies, he does not stop being your child or your other children’s sibling. Even though this child no longer fills your living space or makes daily demands on you, there is still a place for him or her in your family. You must learn to live with this painful paradox at the center of your life: you are a parent and yet not able to parent that child; a vital member of your family is missing, never to return, yet at the same time is still very present. The death of a child is a cataclysmic blow to body and soul, and it presents unique challenges, from the simple fact of your own devastating loss, to the turmoil it can create in your relationship with your spouse, to the special needs of your surviving children. These are three enormous burdens to carry at what is already probably the lowest point of your life. You’ll need strategies to deal with this new reality of irremediable loss.
The Proof Paradigm And The Moral Discovery Paradigm
Authors: Talbott William J
Published: November 2023

To say that some basic human rights should be universal is to make a normative moral claim. It is different from the purely descriptive (and false) claim that basic human rights are universally respected; and it is different from the purely descriptive (and also false) claim that everyone agrees that basic human rights should be universally respected. In making the normative moral claim that certain basic human rights should be universal, I am not under the illusion that human beings always act on their moral beliefs. However, I do believe that most people’s choices are based in part on moral considerations. Nonmoral factors also play a role. I refer to these nonmoral factors as pragmatic factors.
Autonomy Rights
Authors: Talbott William J
Published: November 2023

In the previous chapter I used the example of women’s rights as a microcosm for the development of basic human rights. Women’s rights illustrate a recurrent theme in the development of basic human rights: the rebellion of an oppressed group against limits on their autonomy, enforced by oppressors who claim to know what is good for them.
Conclusion
Authors: Talbott William J
Published: November 2023

I have proposed a list of nine basic rights that should be universal. It would be absurd to claim that these rights are self-evident or that they are timelessly universal. They had to be discovered. I have tried to explain why, in light of discoveries about human beings and human societies, they should be universal. In previous chapters I have reconstructed the history of their discovery. An important step in the process was Las Casas’s discovery of a group right to freedom of religion. The example of Las Casas opened up the possibility of a universal moral standpoint from which it is possible to make reliable judgments of the rightness or wrongness of particular acts. The Harsanyi-Rawls idea of an original position helps to explain what the moral stand-point is and how we are able to attain it. Our ability to attain a universal moral standpoint is what makes progress in moral discovery possible.
Annotated Print and Nonprint Resources
Authors: Ashkenazi Michael
Published: November 2023

Aston, William George. 1905. Shinto: The Way of the Gods. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.

An early and rather laudatory description of Shintō. Aston was one of the earliest foreign scholars in Japan. The book is an excellent exposition of the Great Tradition view of one aspect of Japanese religion.

Aston, William G., trans. Nihongi. 1956 London: Allen and Unwin.

A translation of the second of the major works on Shinto mythology. Unfortunately, Aston’s translation is both abridged (he did not include elements that he found repetitious or conflicting, or perhaps just boring) and bowdlerized (he steers well clear of all sexual and scatological words).

Batchelor, John. 1971. Ainu Life and Lore: Echoes of a Departing Race. Tokyo, Kyobunkwan, and New York: Johnson Reprint Corp.

A description of the vanished way of life of the forest-dwelling Ainu of Hokkaido. Batchelor was a doctor in Hokkaido at the turn of the century, and his report, though somewhat colored by his missionary zeal, is sympathetic and authentic.
Demographic Toxicity: Assessing the Population-Level Impacts of Contaminants
Authors: Akçakaya H Reşit , Stark John D
Published: November 2023

“Demographic toxicity” is the ecological impact of a pollutant or toxicant on the population(s) of a plant or animal species. Demographic toxicity is measured in terms of population-level endpoints, including decreased population size, decreased population growth rate, increased risk of decline or extinction, increased time to recovery, and decreased probability of recovery. In recent years, ecological impacts of chemical toxicants have been increasingly assessed using population-level methods. This shift from studying effects on individuals to populations is gaining momentum with increasing emphasis on population-level assessments by regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. However, there are relatively few applications of population models in ecological risk assessments. One of the major difficulties assessors face is lack of case studies that they can use as a template or guide to aid in developing their own models. Our goal in organizing this book was to bring together a diverse array of applications of population models for assessing demographic toxicity.
Water Flea Daphnia pulex: Population Recovery after Pesticide Exposure
Authors: Stark John D
Published: November 2023

Cladocerans such as Daphnia species are an important component of aquatic ecosystems because they are primary consumers feeding on algae and bacteria and serve as a food source for other aquatic organisms, including fish and invertebrates. Although Daphnia species are not threatened or endangered, they are often used as indicator species for estimating the effects of pollutants on aquatic ecosystems. The most commonly generated toxicity data for Daphnia and other aquatic organisms are acute mortality estimates (LC50, the concentration of a chemical that kills 50% of a population). The advantage of short-term toxicity data such as LC50 is that it costs much less to produce than do longer term data. However, short-term toxicity data may not provide enough information about potential effects on populations because chronic exposures can sometimes result in much higher mortality levels than predicted by acute exposures and because sublethal effects can occur that may affect populations at several levels most notably by decreasing fecundity (Forbes and Calow 1999; Stark and Banks 2003).
Pollution, Stochasticity, and Spatial Heterogeneity in the Dynamics of an Age-Structured Population of Brown Trout Living in a River Network
Authors: Chaumot Arnaud , Charles Sandrine
Published: November 2023

Present assessment of potential impacts of pollution on natural populations mainly calls upon the extrapolation of exposure experiments performed on small groups of individuals (bioassays). But toxicological perturbations of the environment occur in complex landscapes, so the development of pertinent ecotoxicological decision-making tools requires taking into account the spatial dimension. That is to say, both the spatial heterogeneity of the environmental contamination and the spatial dynamics of exposed populations must be taken into account. Such a change of scale is a necessary step because refuge or “action at distance” processes in spatially fragmented populations can emerge (Sherratt and Jepson, 1993; Spromberg et al., 1998), because some areas or patches of the habitat could be key locations for the endangered population (Chaumot et al., 2003a) or because migratory and spatial behaviors could be disturbed by the presence of a toxin (Woodward et al., 1995; Hansen et al., 1999). That is why Caswell (1996) underlines the importance of integrating the spatial dimension into ecotoxicological population models. Therefore, focus on a larger spatial scale is required in order to study toxic effects on population dynamics. Spatial modeling in a metapopulation approach is a way to address this issue. From an ecotoxicological point of view, it is also necessary to use age-structured models because fish, like many other species, exhibit age-dependent sensitivity to toxicants (Sorensen, 1984; Buhl and Hamilton, 1991).
on Two Sibling Species of the Polychaete Capitella capitata
Authors: Palmqvist Annemette , Forbes Valery E
Published: November 2023

Assessing the ecological risks of toxic chemicals is generally based on individual-level responses such as survival, reproduction, or growth, even though the aim of ecological risk assessment is most often to prevent adverse effects of chemicals at population, community, and ecosystem levels. In this context, life table response experiments can provide a powerful tool for analyzing the responses of life-history variables to pollutants and to explore demographic consequences of sublethal toxic effects on populations (Levin et al. 1987; Caswell 1989, 1996; Hansen et al. 1999). Specifically, impacts on population dynamics can be estimated by integrating the life-history variables (or vital rates) via an appropriate demographic model to calculate, for example, population growth rate,. Changes in in response to changes in individual life-history traits depend on the life-history type of the study organism, on the severity of the toxicant effect on each life-history trait, and on the sensitivity of to changes in the life-history traits contributing to it (e.g., Levin et al. 1987, 1996; Caswell 1989; Kammenga et al. 1996; Hansen et al. 1999).
Application of Population Modeling to a Causal Analysis of the Decline in the Cherry Point Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasi) Stock
Authors: Landis Wayne G
Published: November 2023

A recent Pellston workshop sponsored by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) focused on the issue of risk assessments at the population scale (Barnthouse, Muns and Sorenson, 2007) and discussed the issues and problems of performing risk assessments upon valued populations. Populations provide important ecological services and are often the focus of watershed and regional-scale ecological risk assessments (Landis 2006). Recent discussions have underlined the importance of populations in risk assessment and have attempted to defene a population for this application (Landis 2002; Munns et al. 2002). Populations can also be regarded as the stressor in a risk assessment, especially if an invasive species or disease organism is under consideration (Deines et al. 2005). A fundamental question is how to evaluate risks upon populations. Extrapolations using models and concentration responses from laboratory toxicity tests have been conducted (Forbes et al. 2001; Calow and Forbes 2003; Lin et al. 2005; Stark and Banks 2003). Stark et al. (2004) used extrapolations from laboratory chronic toxicity tests to evaluate the importance of life-history characteristics at the population scale.
Malaysian Islam in the Twenty-First Century: The Promise of a Democratic Transformation?
Authors: Bakar Osman
Published: November 2023

Issues and Challenges for Malaysian Islam in the Twenty-First Century In both geographical and demographic terms, Malaysia is not a big country. It is much smaller in physical and population size than many other Muslim countries. In the domain of modern nation building, however, this multiethnic and multireligious Southeast Asian country—with just 12 million Muslim inhabitants, who constitute barely half of the total population—is a ‘‘towering figure’’ in the Islamic world. From its architectural feat of having the tallest twin towers in the world to its political feat of championing global Muslim interests in international forums Malaysia, especially under the twenty-two-year rule of controversial former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamed, has attracted considerable attention from the worldwide Muslim ummah.
A Provincial Islamist Victory in Pakistan: The Social Reform Agenda of the Muttahida Majlis-i-Amal
Authors: Weiss Anita M
Published: November 2023

In October 2002, national and provincial elections were held throughout Pakistan. While little changed as a result of the national election, a decidedly Islamist political coalition, the Muttahida Majlisi-Amal (MMA), was voted into office in the provincial election in the Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP). It was also able to share power in a coalition government in the province of Baluchistan and came to head the opposition in the National Assembly. This unprecedented outcome was the first time in Pakistan’s fifty-five-year history that an Islamist political party had won a significant election.
The Land of Sanctuary: The Catholic Immigrant Experience
Authors: Joselit Jenna Weissman
Published: November 2023

On a bright sunny day in late May of 1879, Catholics from across the country gatheredin NewYork City to dedicate St. Patrick’s Cathedral. Built at a cost of more than $2 million (at the time a staggering amount of money), the “greatest Temple in the New World dedicated to God” took more than twenty-one years to construct and was still not finished at the time of its dedication: it had no steeples. Even so, the spirits of those present soared that May morning. Thousands of Catholic faithful clogged Fifth Avenue, eager to show their support, while just as many took their seats inside the beautifully proportioned Gothic cathedral, where they spent the better part of the day. There was so much to do and say, apparently, that the dedication ceremony lasted for nearly five hours (the sermon alone ran to one hour and forty minutes), making it clear to all that American Catholicism had finally come of age.
In the Promised Land: The Jewish Immigrant Experience
Authors: Joselit Jenna Weissman
Published: November 2023

On or about eleven o’clock on a muggy July morning in 1902, traffic in lower Manhattan ground to a halt. Tens of thousands of New Yorkers-perhaps as many as fifty thousand; the police were not sure-had taken to the streets to participate in the funeral of Jacob Joseph, their chiefrabbi. The entire Lower East Side, recalled an eyewitness, referring to the city’s immigrant Jewish neighbourhood, “was streaming with people, hurrying and scurrying” to get a glimpse of the coffin. Even the fire escapes were packed with men, women, and children closely watching what journalist Abraham Cahan called the “largest Jewish procession of its kind ever held on American soil.” Ever so slowly, the procession wound its way up one gray, scowling street and down another, accompanied by an honor guard of three hundred young boys and what the New York Times described as a “cavalcade of mourners.”
The legancy of immigration
Authors: Joselit Jenna Weissman
Published: November 2023

Exposed to America and all of its material things, Asian immigrants in turn have radically transformed this nation. Its religious landscape, once shaped and defined by the great religious traditions of the West, by Christianity and Judaism, has had to make room for the great religious traditions of the East, whose belief systems, architecture, music, and way of life are a far cry from what most Americans have traditionally associated with religion. And as the landscape expanded to accommodate Hindus and Sikhs, Muslims and Buddhists, and their respective traditions, so too did the nation’s religious vocabulary: Gurus and imams, mosques and temples are now as much a part of the language as rabbis, priests and pastors, churches and synagogues.
Reviving Colonial Religion
Authors: Butler Jon
Published: November 2023

In “Rip Van Winkle,” Washington Irving’s 1819 short story, Rip awakens from a twenty-year sleep to ﬁnd himself a stranger to almost everything he had known. The story contains nothing about religion. But if it did, and if Rip had slept ninety years starting in 1680, his astonishment would have been even greater. Upon awakening in 1770, he would have discovered that America was now awash in extraordinary religious pluralism; but he might have been even more startled by how religious activity itself had changed in crucial ways. All the religious denominations, old and new, formed more congregations and constructed far more church buildings in those years than they ever had in the seventeenth century. Revivalism, an intense campaign for religious renewal, changed the style of colonial religion. And women became increasingly prominent in colonial religious activity, even if men still exercised the authority in most religious groups. These changes, made hand in hand with the growth of religious pluralism, gave colonial religion much of the ﬂavor characterizing it as uniquely American.
Buddhism Comes to America
Authors: Mann Gurinder Singh , Numrich Paul David , Williams Raymond B
Published: November 2023

Three religions stand out today as truly global in scope, with hundreds of millions of followers from many nationalities and ethnic groups. The majority of Americans belong to the largest of these three world religions, Christianity. Americans typically know something about the second largest of the three, Islam, however shaped their knowledge may be by the often strained relations between the Western world and the Middle East, Islam’s birthplace. The third truly global religion, Buddhism, presents a more complex puzzle to Americans.
Hindus Come to America
Authors: Mann Gurinder Singh , Numrich Paul David , Williams Raymond B
Published: November 2023

Arvind Mehta graduated with top scores in chemical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology in Bombay, now called Mumbai, in the early 1970s. By that time, he had already received a job offer from a company in Houston, Texas. Mehta traveled by train to Bombay to apply at the U.S. consulate for a visa for permanent resident status in the United States and for the coveted “green card” that would permit him to live and work there legally. With official school records and the formal job offer letters in his briefcase, he entered the building nervously for his interview with the consular officer. He considered this the most important conversation of his life, because it would open or close the door to all the opportunities that America promises to immigrants.
The Sikh Identity
Authors: Mann Gurinder Singh , Numrich Paul David , Williams Raymond B
Published: November 2023

At Camps, Young U.S. Sikhs Cling to Heritage,”proclaims the title of a July 1998 New York Times front-page article. The story is about the Sikhs, members of a religion that originated five hundred years ago in northwestern India and is now part of the religious landscape of the United States. It describes the Sikh community’s efforts to pass on its religious heritage to the younger generation growing up in North America. Like other religious communities, Sikhs have learned that summer camps are an effective way to achieve this goal. At camps where young people live, learn, and play, older Sikhs make a concerted effort to immerse the young in the Sikh way of life, to teach them Sikh beliefs and his tory, and to fill them with pride in the richness of the Sikh background. The Times reporter noted that Sikh parents had grown concerned when they realized that “their children could chant rap songs but not Sikh scriptures, could name the Ten Commandments but not the ten Sikh gurus.
The Rise of the Immigrant Church
Authors: Fisher James T
Published: November 2023

Coming on the harvest time of the year 1845, the crops looked splendid,” recalled an Irish American of a fateful moment in world history, “but one fine morning in July there was a cry around that some blight had struck the potato stalks.” Soon the “air was laded with a sickly odor of decay, as if the hand of death had stricken the potato field, and ... everything growing in it was rotten.” From 1845 until the early 1850s, every potato harvest in Ireland was afflicted by a previously unknown fungus that destroyed the only source of nourishment for most of that country’s inhabitants. At least 1 million Irish people died of starvation, and another 1.8 million sought relief by emigrating to North America. These famine migrants signaled the changing nature of America’s population in that they made up the first wave of European refugees fleeing hunger and oppression who entered the United States between the 1840s and the early 1920s.
“Why Can’t I Have What I Want?”
Authors: Hertz Rosanna
Published: November 2023

Stuck. Virtually every woman I interviewed expressed the feeling. Something conspired to disrupt the trajectory of love to marriage to children. Joy, whose story opened the prologue, pointed the finger at her demanding job and a shortage of candidates in the marriage market. She declared herself unwilling to settle for her girlfriends’ compromises: a marriage arrived at to serve other ends. Claudia, also featured in the prologue, acknowledged her tug-of-war between independence and intimacy and the difficulties it caused her in her relationships with men.
A world without men, amen?
Authors: Hertz Rosanna
Published: November 2023

Fatherlessness is a heated topic in America today. Some observers worry that fatherless families could lead to a generation of children with behavioral problems, to juvenile violence in schools, to adolescent childbearing, and to future economic malaise. The executive branch of the U.S. government has proposed marriage incentives in the belief that female-headed households might be retrofitted with provider dads.
Conclusion: What Does It Mean to Be a Good Mother?
Authors: Hertz Rosanna
Published: November 2023

No woman in this study wants to be called a “lousy mom,” especially as her route to motherhood so easily exposes her to critique. However, unlike their coupled peers who sometimes convince themselves that intensive mothering is within their reach, these women know that being a full-time mother is simply not an option. Unable to leave the workforce, these women settle for resting the measure of motherhood not on being there every moment but on being visible at key moments and logging what many call “family time.”
Old Battles and Partial Victories (1954-1959)
Authors: D'Elia John A
Published: November 2023

George Ladd emerged from his first major engagement with dispensationalism as one of the preeminent representatives of progressive evangelicalism. He had met Dallas Seminary-and by extension John Walvoord-on its own ground, and although he did not score a decisive victory, he survived the encounter with some distinction. But critiquing dispensationalism was not what Ladd had in mind as the focus of his career, and he was beginning even at this early date to chafe at the role in which he found himself. Ladd’s reaction was to redouble his efforts to complete his critical study of the Kingdom of God. This would be the scholarly achievement that would rescue conservative evangelicals from themselves and from irrelevance in the broader world of ideas. By 1953 Ladd was again working on his magnum opus, with the provisional title “Promise, Fulfillment and Consummation,” as well as on a series of important journal articles.
Bioeconomics of Invasive Species
Authors: Keller Reuben P , Lodge David M , Lewis Mark A , Shogren Jason F
Published: November 2023

Biological invasions are one of the strongest drivers of global environmental change, and invasive species are now often in the public discourse. At the same time, economists have begun to take a real interest in determining how invasive species interact with economic systems, and how invaders should be controlled to optimize societal welfare. Although the work from ecologists and economists have both greatly expanded our understanding of the drivers and impacts of invasions, little integration between the fields has occurred that would allow managers and policy-makers to identify the optimal expenditures on, for example, prevention and control of invasive species. Because the level of effort expended on invasive species management is intricately linked to the costs and projected benefits of that management, there is an urgent need for greater synthesis between ecology and economics. This book brings ecology and economics together in new ways to address how we deal with the dynamics and impacts of invasive species, and is the outcome of many years of collaborative research between a small group of economists and ecologists. The outcome is a clear demonstration of the utility of combining ecological and economic models for addressing critical questions in the management of invasive species.
Modeling Integrated Decision-Making Responses to Invasive Species
Authors: Lewis Mark A , Potapov Alexei B , Finnoff David C
Published: November 2023

In this chapter we develop and analyze bioeconomic models for decision making in the control of invasive species. The costs associated with impacts of invasive species (chapter 1) are such that control of the invader is an option that must be considered. While designed to confer a benefit to the ecosystem and/or economy, controls also incur a cost. It is through Finding a balance between the costs and benefits of control that the optimal control policy is determined. Understanding the balance necessitates bioeconomic cost-benefit analysis.
Incarnation Anyway
Authors: Van Driel Edwin Chr.
Published: November 2023

This book raises in a new way a formerly central but recently neglected question in systematic theology: what is the divine motive for the incarnation? Throughout Christian history theologians have agreed that God's decision to become incarnate in the person of Jesus Christ was made necessary by humanity's fall from grace. If Adam and Eve had not sinned, the incarnation would not have happened. This position is known as "infralapsarian." In the 19th and 20th centuries, however, some major theological figures championed a "supralapsarian" Christology, arguing that God had always intended the incarnation, independent of "the Fall." Edwin van Driel offers the first scholarly monograph to map and analyze the full range of supralapsarian arguments. He gives a thick description of each argument and its theological consequences, and evaluates the theological gains and losses inherent in each approach. Van Driel shows that each of the three ways in which God is thought to relate to all that is not God - in creation, in redemption, and in eschatological consummation - can serve as the basis for a supralapsarian argument. He illustrates this thesis with detailed case studies of the Christologies of Schleiermacher, Dorner, and Barth. He concludes that the most fruitful supralapsarian strategy is rooted in the notion of eschatological consummation, taking interpersonal interaction with God to be the goal of the incarnation. He goes on to develop his own argument along these lines, concluding in an eschatological vision in which God is visually, audibly, and tangibly present in the midst of God's people.
Families beyond the Stereotypes
Authors: Gerson Kathleen
Published: November 2023

A child views family life from below. Literally and figuratively, children look up to their parents and other adults, drawing lessons as they grow in size and awareness. Yet the lessons they draw often differ from their caretakers’ intentions. Children are active observers, not passive absorbers of the information their social world conveys. Despite adults’ best efforts, their actions can, and often do, have unintended consequences.

The young women and men who were interviewed developed complicated and nuanced reactions to their parents’ choices. Most drew unexpected lessons for their own lives from their parents’ decisions about work, marriage, and child rearing. They often reinterpreted events and decisions that once seemed right (or wrong) in a different light as time passed and they gained a new perspective looking back. Most of all, my informants saw their homes as works in progress, not as static “forms.” In the long run, they focused on the longer-term consequences of parental choices, not on the specific form or type of home these choices produced at any one moment in time.
High Hopes, Lurking Fears
Authors: Gerson Kathleen
Published: November 2023

The children of the gender revolution face the same fateful choices as previous generations, but they must grapple with new circumstances their parents could scarcely perceive. Since marriage has become just one among many options, they must decide not only what kind of lasting intimate bond to create but whether they want one at all. Since work and family life both demand more time, they must decide how to balance earning a living with caring for others. And since gender boundaries are no longer clear, they must decide how to apportion work and family tasks. No matter what the lessons of childhood may have been, contemporary young women and men have entered uncharted territory.

Amid these uncertainties, two opposing perspectives have emerged about how young people will negotiate the future. One view sees family decline and worries that the prevalence of single parents and working mothers creates self-absorbed individualists wary of commitment and disinclined to sacrifice for others. Neoconservatives concerned about family decline share this perspective with more liberal “communitarians,” who are also concerned that modern America suffers from rising individualism and a decline of community that is draining civic participation and social cohesion.
Men’s Resistance to Equal Sharing
Authors: Gerson Kathleen
Published: November 2023

While gender inequities may explain why young women prepare for “second best” options, men are not immune from similar concerns. The increased fragility of marriage, growing time demands and insecurities at work, and women’s rising standards for a relationship all confront men with new dilemmas of their own. Though men’s responses may differ, they also face options likely to fall short of their ideals.

Young men share women’s doubts about their chances of striking a good balance between earning and caring, but they experience this conflict in a different way. If women worry about the economic, social, and psychological risks of depending too much on someone else, men are more apprehensive about their financial ability to support others. And if women worry about having to assume the lion’s share of family caretaking whether or not they marry or have a paid job, men face rising pressures to do more at home and earn more at work if they do marry.
Exposed Waiting
Authors: Auyero Javier , Swistun Débora Alejandra
Published: November 2023

In one of the many versions of the Greek myth that have been handed to us, early in life Tiresias surprises Athena while she is taking a bath. As punishment for having seen her naked, Zeus’s daughter blinds young Tiresias but comforts him with the gift of seercraft. As Alfred Schutz reminds us in his inspiring essay “Tiresias, or Our Knowledge of Future Events,” Tiresias has the knowledge of things to come but in the present time our mythical seer can neither see what actually happens nor bring things about or prevent them. “He remains,” Schutz writes, “an impotent onlooker of the future” (1964:277).

The myth of Tiresias serves Alfred Schutz as a springboard to examine the ways in which the commonsense thinking of ordinary men and women “anticipates things to come” (281), and, more generally, to distinguish between the realm of the social world that is beyond human control and that upon which individuals can act—between “events that will occur without our interference and those to be brought about by our actions” (291).
Collective Disbelief in Joint Action
Authors: Auyero Javier , Swistun Débora Alejandra
Published: November 2023

Flammable contains many of the elements—contamination of air, water, and soil; deterioration of public hygiene; a housing crisis—of what Manuel Castells (2002:ix) calls “the dark side of the urbanization process.” In this urban dystopic world, is it possible to find a trajectory that counteracts the many misinterventions and that clarifies rather than obscures the sources and effects of poisoning? As we will describe below, we began this project with the theoretical possibility of alternative collective agency in mind. Imagining the possibility of joint action is simple but, as Peter Evans states (2002:13), “constructing a clear picture of who might exercise such agency and how is more complicated. Who are the potential agents of livability?” In this chapter we examine the neighborhood as a potential site of collective mobilization against environmental suffering.

Typically, risk frames of the kind we analyzed in previous chapters are used as an independent variable to explain the collective actions people take to protest, and protect themselves, against toxic hazards (see Tierney 1999; Brown and Mikkelsen 1990; Beamish 2001; Lerner 2005).