A solution to the ‘negative energy’ of the universe
Authors: Bhattacharjee Deep 
Published: March 2020

‘Negative energy’ is one of those concepts which if can be detected physically then the most famous problem of physics can be solved that is ‘time travel’, as negative energy is used to keep the mouths of the wormholes opens without getting collapsed. Through mathematics, it has been possible to deduce the negative energy but in real life scenario, negative energy means ‘negative mass’ and ‘negative inertia’. And in principle ‘negative mass’ can be something which does not interact with ‘Higgs field’ as because in this case, the particle having the energy value ‘less than 0’ must lie under the hyperbolae of the spontaneous symmetry breaking during the acquirement of mass while the creation of particles. Generally to create a particles mass ‘Higgs field’ is necessary and to remove the Higgs field ‘per cubic centimeter of region approx’ the amount of energy needed is 10^40 joules which is far greater than the limit of energy the humans could achieved. Tachyon has been a hypothetical particles that can travel faster than light thereby having its origin below the ‘hyperbolae’ but it’s not experimentally verified. String theory or M-Theory having 6 Theories (Type I, type IIA, Type IIB, Heterotic SO(32), Heterotic (E8*E8), 11-dimensional SUGRA or Supersymmetric Gravity) contains open and closed strings. The open strings are particularly magnified in my paper as because it corresponds to a vibrations much alike a 1-dimensional wave where there is a certain resonant frequency in them. They are chaotic and the smallest part of every particles. Like electrons being a leptons consist of strings, Protons and Neutrons being a fermions’ contains up and down quarks which again consist of Strings much like the Gluons holding the two particles together forbidding the like charges of protons to repel due to ‘strong nuclear force’. A open string being its ends attached to D(p)-Branes is not allows to propagate in other dimensions, however, gravity (Graviton) being a closed string is not attached to D(p)-Branes thereby making a journey to ‘inter-dimensions’ where (p) in D(p) denotes the number of dimensions like 1,2,3,4 etcetera. It is however difficult to detect strings as because the Super symmetric (heavy) Particles need to be discovered first to make a journey for strings where Super Symmetry predicts heavier particles as that for every integer-spin bosons there is a half-integer spin fermions (for every graviton there is a Gravitino) and for every fermions there is a boson (like for every Photino there is a Photon). However these heavy particles will need more energy in the accelerators to get produced and so, sometimes the mass-gap in proton-proton collisions can be detected to predict these heavier particles which might be leaked to higher dimensions. Note, the unification of 4 fundamental forces provides a gateway of string theory with the 4 forces as (Strong nuclear force, weak Nuclear force, Gravitational force and electromagnetic force). And the required energy needed is 10^19 GeV, however the energy scale can be reduced to 1 TeV by increasing the number of additional spatial dimensions of ‘sub-millimeter’ sizes. Now, by considering a wave equation, and substituting it in Schrödinger equations by applying Klein-Gordon equations, it can be possible to make the Einstein relations of mass energy equivalence E=mc2 to the Plank-Einstein relations E=ℏω and finding out the eigenvalues from the equations as (-1 or +1) with a set of eigenvectors, and inputting it in the frequency of the strings, the most fundamental elements, along with the modified stress-energy momentum tensors, we can able to show that ‘not only negative energy exists at the very fundamental level but also negative energy implies a Schrodinger equations with a negative energy eigenvalues’ to pave the way for the impossible to achieve through mathematics. Apart from that it will be possible to exhibit the negative energy of the universe having the matrix Diag(+1,-1,-1,-1) with a positive energy and negative pressure to a Diag(-1,+1,+1,+1) with a negative energy and positive pressure where the ‘negative pressure will act as the Λ or the cosmological constant to repulse the force of gravity’ to the ‘positive pressure or the – Λ’ to make a way for a smooth Big Crunch, however we do not know whether ‘a universe with only a negative energy density’ can make a stable universe but from the conservation laws of the ‘Energy’ it can be assumed that ‘if there is negative energy in the universe, then there must be equal amount of positive energy in the universe to compensate for the negative energy’ making a stability in the laws of conservation of energy, along with an affine parameter ξ(-Λ) to prevent the annihilation process of the negative energy with the positive energy thereby making the universe safe for the fundamental particles inclusive and exclusive of the standard model. Also, faster than light travel is discussed with negative kinetic energy.