bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing ageing patterns for comparative analyses of mortality curves: Going beyond the use of maximum longevity
Authors: Ronget Victor , Gaillard Jean‐Michel
Published: October 2019

An increasing number of studies have investigated the diversity of actuarial senescence (i.e. the increase of mortality with age) and mortality patterns in the wild. Most of these studies used maximum longevity as a metric, and only some of them were based on the analysis of mortality or survival curves. However, maximum longevity is not a reliable metric to assess mortality patterns. Two types of metrics can be distinguished: the metrics of pace that include biological times and describe how long individuals live and the metrics of shape that are dimensionless and describe the form of mortality patterns for a given pace.

We review the use of pace metrics in comparative analyses of mortality curves and actuarial senescence performed so far, with a special focus on longevity metrics. We demonstrate that multiple statistical issues are associated with the use of maximum longevity, although this metric is the most commonly used to analyse actuarial senescence patterns in research fields such as genomics of ageing. We thus argue for using alternative metrics of longevity.

We then propose different metrics of shape and point out the relevance of using several metrics in future comparative analyses of mortality. In particular, two shape metrics can be easily computed from observed distributions of ages at death. We illustrate our approach based on both pace and shape metrics by performing a comparative analysis of actuarial senescence and mortality across 30 species of mammals. The results strongly support the relevance of using shape metrics based on the distribution of the ages at death to assess reliably patterns of mortality. In particular, we found that the pace and the shape of ageing, although statistically independent, could be associated in mammals.

We conclude that the metrics defined from the distribution of ages at death provide a complementary approach to mortality or survival curve analyses and, by offering straightforward standardization, provide a promising tool for future comparative analyses of actuarial senescence and mortality across the tree of life.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Viviparity does not affect the numbers and sizes of reptile offspring
Authors: Meiri Shai , Feldman Anat , Schwarz Rachel , Shine Richard
Published: October 2019

Viviparity (live‐bearing) has independently evolved from oviparity (egg‐laying) in more than 100 lineages of squamates (lizards and snakes).

We might expect consequent shifts in selective forces to affect per‐brood reproductive investment (RI = total mass of offspring relative to maternal mass) and in the way in which that output is partitioned (number vs. size of offspring per brood). Based on the assumption that newly born offspring are heavier than eggs, we predicted that live‐bearing must entail either increased RI or a reduction in offspring size and/or fecundity.

However, our phylogenetically controlled analysis of data on 1,259 squamate species revealed no significant differences in mean offspring size, clutch size or RI between oviparous and viviparous squamates.

We attribute this paradoxical result to (1) strong selection on offspring sizes, unaffected by parity mode, (2) the lack of a larval stage in amniotes, favouring large eggs even in the ancestral oviparous mode and (3) the ability of viviparous females to decrease the mass of uterine embryos by reducing extra‐embryonic water stores.

Our analysis shows that squamate eggs (when laid) weigh about the same as the hatchlings that emerge from them (despite a many‐fold increase in embryo mass during incubation). Most of the egg mass is due to components (such as water stores and the eggshell) not required for oviductal incubation. That repackaging enables live‐born offspring to be accommodated within the mother's body without increasing total litter mass.

The consequent stasis in reproductive burden during the evolutionary transition from oviparity to viviparity may have facilitated frequent shifts in parity modes.
The influence of time‐to‐surgery on mortality after a hip fracture
Authors: Kristiansson Johan , Hagberg Eva , Nellgård Bengt
Published: October 2019

Background

The effect of time‐to‐surgery on mortality in acute hip fracture (AHF) patients has been debated and studies are inconsistent regarding from what time limit mortality starts to increase. At Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, surgery is recommended within 24 hours leaving little time for pre‐operative optimization. However, internationally the definition of early surgery varies between 24 and 48 hours and over. This retrospective study was initiated to investigate the relation between time‐to‐surgery and 30‐day mortality.

Method

Data of AHF patients from January 2007 through December 2016 were collected. The variables analysed were: age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, surgical method (prosthesis or osteosynthesis) and time‐to‐surgery, along with 30‐day mortality. Primary outcome was 30‐day mortality related to time‐to‐surgery divided into groups. Secondary outcome was 30‐day mortality related to time‐to‐surgery analysed hour‐by‐hour.

Results

From 10,844 eligible patients, 9,270 patients were included into the study. Mean time‐to‐surgery was 19.4 hours and overall 30‐day mortality was 7.6%. Adjusted Cox regression analysis revealed an increased mortality rate in patients with time‐to‐surgery >48 hours. In the hour‐by‐hour analysis, significant mortality increase was observed at 39 hours of time‐to‐surgery. Patients with time‐to‐surgery >24 hours did not have increased mortality compared to patients with time‐to‐surgery <24 hours.

Conclusion

In AHF patients, a time‐to‐surgery exceeding 39‐48 hours was associated with increased mortality. Patients with surgeries performed before 39‐48 hours did not have increased mortality and this time may, in some patients, be used for optimization prior surgery even if time‐to‐surgery exceeds 24 hours.
Positive Leadership: Relationships with Employee Inclusion, Discrimination, and Well‐Being
Authors: Adams Byron G. , Meyers M. Christina , Sekaja Lusanda
Published: October 2019

The diverse nature of 21st‐century organizations has compelled leaders to minimize discrimination and bring about inclusion amongst their employees. One of the ways this can be achieved is through authentic, respectful, and inclusive leadership. The aim of the present paper was to (1) explore whether the three leadership styles can promote inclusion and curtail discrimination in the South African context and (2) ascertain whether this relationship has any bearing on well‐being across Dutch, German, Icelandic, Indonesian, and South African contexts. To reach these aims, two cross‐sectional studies have been conducted. In Study 1, 569 employees were surveyed, and results indicated that all three leadership styles loaded on a common latent factor (positive leadership) that was positively associated with both inclusion and discrimination. In Study 2, 1,926 employees were surveyed across the five countries. Results indicated that once again, the latent, positive leadership factor was positively associated with both inclusion and discrimination. Furthermore, inclusion, when compared to discrimination seemed to be a stronger mediator in the relationship between positive leadership and well‐being. We propose leadership development that will cultivate positive leadership behaviors for the benefit of employee well‐being and collaboration in increasingly diverse teams.
Titanium dioxide grafted with silane coupling agents and its use in blue light curing ink
Authors: Wang Lili , Jiang Xiaying , Wang Chenglong , Huang Yi , Meng Yiding , Shao Jianzhong
Published: October 2019

To improve the properties of titanium dioxide particles and realise their firm anchorage in blue light curing film, three modified titanium dioxide particles were prepared by grafting 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane. The surface changes of titanium dioxide particles after modification were characterised. The dispersion stability, photo‐polymerisation, rheological and mechanical properties of modified titanium dioxide blue light curing inks were investigated. Results showed that compared with native titanium dioxide, modified titanium dioxide particles were more appropriate for blue light curing ink. The particle sizes of the three modified titanium dioxide particles became smaller, their surfaces exhibited hydrophobicity, and the viscosity of the modified titanium dioxide inks decreased slightly. Of the three modified titanium dioxide particles, 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate‐ and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane‐modified titanium dioxide particles exhibited better dispersion stability in blue light curing ink. In particular, 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate‐modified titanium dioxide blue light curing ink showed the best photo‐polymerisation and mechanical properties, which indicated the participation of the pigment grafted by double bonds in the blue light curable polymerisation. Using modified titanium dioxide in blue light curing ink, the dry/wet rubbing fastness of the printed fabrics improved.
The effects of tamoxifen on mouse behavior
Authors: Li Xin , Du Zhuo‐Jun , Chen Man‐Qi , Chen Jia‐Jun , Liang Zhi‐Man , Ding Xiao‐Ting , Zhou Min , Li Shu‐Ji , Li Xiao‐Wen , Yang Jian‐Ming , Gao Tian‐Ming
Published: October 2019

The CreERT2recombinase system is an advanced method to temporally control site‐specific mutagenesis in adult rodents. In this process, tamoxifen is injected to induce Cre recombinase expression, and then, Cre recombinase can excise LoxP‐flanked DNA. However, tamoxifen is a nonselective estrogen receptor antagonist that may influence behavioral alterations. Therefore, we designed five different protocols (acute effects, chronic effects, chronic effects after social defeat model, chronic effects after learned helplessness model, chronic effects after isolation models) to explore whether tamoxifen affects mouse behavior. Researching the acute/chronic effects of tamoxifen, we found that tamoxifen could influence locomotor activity, anxiety and immobility time in the forced swimming test. Researching the chronic effects of tamoxifen after social defeat/learned helplessness/isolation models, we found that tamoxifen could also influence locomotor activity, social interaction and anxiety. Therefore, the effects of tamoxifen are more complex than previously reported. Our results show, for the first time, that tamoxifen affects behavior in mouse models. Meanwhile, we compare the effects of tamoxifen in different protocols. These results will provide important information when designing similar experiments.
Isolation and selection of technologically important lactic acid bacteria and yeast from fermented potato
Authors: Aregbe Afusat Yinka , Mu Taihua , Sun Hongnan
Published: October 2019

This study focused on the isolation, identification and selection of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts with important technological properties from fermented potato. A total of three LAB and two yeasts (Weissella sp. strain IMAU50209, Pediococcus pentosaceus strain W2SR04, Pediococcus sp. NBRC 107186 strain, Pichia sp. strain AQGWD7 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YJM1592) were isolated and identified by molecular methods. Weissella sp. strain IMAU50209 showed good acidification and proteolytic ability. More so, it generated more volatile compounds and recorded the highest exopolysaccharide content (824.44 ± 4.19 mg L−1). Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YJM1592 recorded high gas retention value (VR) 1740.00 ± 86.27 mL and produced beneficial volatile compounds, as compared to Pichia sp. strain AQGWD7. Therefore, Weissella sp. strain IMAU50209 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YJM1592 could enhance gluten‐free potato bread quality.
Factors associated with the publication outcomes of paediatric proceedings presented at 2010‐2016 the International Associations for Dental Research annual meetings
Authors: Chen Yuan , Zhou Fangjie , Zou Xiaolong , Zhang Yali , Mo Anchun , Wang Yan
Published: October 2019

The International Associations for Dental Research (IADR) annual meeting is one of the most important dental meetings throughout the world, and researches about paediatric dentistry presented in this platform are often used to guide clinical work. To evaluate the publication outcomes of oral and poster paediatric proceedings, which were accepted by the International Associations for Dental Research (IADR), annual meetings from 2010 to 2016 and to analyse the possible factors influencing an abstract's progression to publication. Oral and poster abstracts were retrieved from the official website of IADR (2010‐2016). Searching for subsequent publications was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar (up to March 2019). Two authors independently selected studies, collected, and analysed data. A total of 1396 abstracts were identified, including 275 oral presentations and 1121 poster presentations. Finally, 606 were published in peer‐reviewed journals, with a publication rate of 43.41%. Abstracts were published earlier if it is from Europe, well funded, presented orally, or with large sample size. The high publication rate of the IADR proceedings supported the impact of IADR annual meetings on paediatric dentistry in the last 10 years.
Combinatorial substrate epitaxy investigation of polytypic growth of AEMnO3 (AE = Ca, Sr)
Authors: Zhou Catherine , De Graef Marc , Dabrowski Bogdan , Rohrer Gregory S. , Salvador Paul A.
Published: October 2019

Combinatorial substrate epitaxy (CSE) was used to study the orientation relationships (ORs) and polytypic stability of AEMnO3 (AE = Ca, Sr) thin films grown on polycrystalline SrMnO3 and SrTiO3 substrates. SrMnO3 films with the stable four‐layered hexagonal (4H) and metastable three‐layered cubic (3C) structures were also grown on (111) and (100) SrTiO3 single crystal substrates, respectively. Electron backscatter diffraction data were used to determine the following ORs, which hold true regardless of the substrate surface orientation: , , and These are all simply the eutactic OR, which aligns the eutactic planes and directions; its ubiquity indicates that the interface energy is generally lower for the eutactic OR than for all other possible ORs. 3C SrMnO3 was found to grow only on very near (100) 3C SrTiO3 grains. This narrow range of epitaxial stabilization suggests that the penalties of higher interfacial and/or strain energies between polytypic perovskites adopting the eutactic OR are not significant enough to overcome the volumetric formation energy of the stable phase in these growth conditions, except for very special orientations.
Engineering cation vacancies to improve the luminescence properties of Ca14Al10Zn6O35: Mn4+ phosphors for LED plant lamp
Authors: Zhou Nan , Liu Longhai , Zhou Zhipeng , Zhang Ye , Li Minghui , Zhou Cheng , Xia Mao , Zhou Zhi
Published: October 2019

In the recent years, Mn4+‐doped phosphors for indoor plant cultivation have received extensive concern owing to the far‐red emission that can match well with the absorption spectra of plant pigments. Whereas, many Mn4+‐doped phosphors still face some challenges such as poor light efficiency and low thermal stability. It is an effective way to resolve these problems via cation vacancies engineering. Herein, the Ca14−xAl10Zn6−yO35: Mn4+ phosphors are successfully synthesized by combustion method. The luminescence intensity of Ca14−xAl10Zn6−yO35: Mn4+ phosphor is enhanced through engineering Ca2+ and Zn2+ vacancies according to the charge compensation mechanism. The optimal content of each Ca2+ and Zn2+ vacancy is equal to be 0.3. Furthermore, the defect formation is accompanied with lattice distortion, which plays a vital role in driving the excited phonon traps to reduce the energy loss by non‐radiation transitions. Therefore, the thermal stability of Ca14−xAl10Zn6−yO35: Mn4+ phosphor is also improved via engineering cation vacancies. In addition, the Ca14−xAl10Zn6−yO35: Mn4+ phosphors can be effectively excited by blue light and it exhibits far‐red emission due to the Mn4+ spin‐forbidden 2E → 4A2 transition. The results suggest that the Ca14−xAl10Zn6−yO35: Mn4+ phosphors can have a tremendous potential in indoor plant cultivation.
Seedling response to water stress in valley oak (Quercus lobata) is shaped by different gene networks across populations
Authors: Mead Alayna , Peñaloza Ramirez Juan , Bartlett Megan K. , Wright Jessica W. , Sack Lawren , Sork Victoria L.
Published: October 2019

Drought is a major stress for plants, creating a strong selection pressure for traits that enable plant growth and survival in dry environments. Many drought responses are conserved species‐wide responses, while others vary among populations distributed across heterogeneous environments. We tested how six populations of the widely distributed California valley oak (Quercus lobata) sampled from contrasting climates would differ in their response to soil drying relative to well‐watered controls in a common environment by measuring ecophysiological traits in 93 individuals and gene expression (RNA‐seq) in 42 individuals. Populations did not differ in their adjustment of turgor loss point during soil drying, suggesting a generalized species‐wide response. Differential expression analysis identified 689 genes with a common response to treatment across populations and 470 genes with population‐specific responses. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified groups of genes with similar expression patterns that may be regulated together (gene modules). Several gene modules responded differently to water stress among populations, suggesting regional differences in gene network regulation. Populations from sites with a high mean annual temperature responded to the imposed water stress with significantly greater changes in gene module expression, indicating that these populations may be locally adapted to respond to drought. We propose that this variation among valley oak populations provides a mechanism for differential tolerance to the increasingly frequent and severe droughts in California.
Sourcing Competition under Cost Uncertainty and Information Asymmetry
Authors: Shao Lusheng , Wu Xiaole , Zhang Fuqiang
Published: October 2019

Driven by increasing costs in the traditionally regarded low‐cost manufacturing bases (e.g., China), many firms have started to outsource their production to the regions of even lower costs (e.g., Southeast Asia). However, a new environment may involve higher cost uncertainty and severer information asymmetry. Motivated by these observations, we consider a sourcing game where competing firms choose between a supplier with transparent certain cost (type‐C supplier) and a supplier with potentially lower but less transparent, uncertain cost (type‐U supplier). We characterize the equilibrium of the sourcing game and study how different parameters affect the firms’ sourcing strategy and profit performance. First, we find that due to information asymmetry, a large market size can make firms prefer the C‐supplier to the U‐supplier even if the latter has a lower average cost. Second, reducing the cost uncertainty or improving the signal accuracy of the U‐supplier does not necessarily make it more attractive to sourcing firms, which cautions the suppliers when making efforts to mitigate cost uncertainty or improve cost estimation. Third, higher competition intensity makes the diversified sourcing strategy more likely to be adopted under certain conditions. Interestingly, increasing the cost of the C‐supplier (e.g., a cost hike in China) may make both sourcing firms better off because it can lead to a new sourcing equilibrium. Finally, this study shows that the direction of quantity distortion under the optimal competitive mechanism differs from that under the traditional monopolistic setting.
Effect of delipidant agents during in vitro culture on the development, lipid content, gene expression and cryotolerance of bovine embryos
Authors: Dias Luzia Renata Oliveira , Leme Ligiane Oliveira , Sprícigo José Felipe Warmling , Pivato Ivo , Dode Margot Alves Nunes
Published: October 2019

In vitro produced embryos are still sensitive to the freezing process which can be explained, in part, by the high‐lipid accumulation that characterizes these embryos. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of delipidating agents, L‐carnitine and the trans‐10 cis‐12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer, on blastocyst development, lipid content, gene expression and cryotolerance when added to embryo culture media. Embryos were cultured in four different media: T1: control (n = 616), synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) media with 5% foetal bovine serum (FBS); T2: L‐carnitine (n = 648), SOF medium with 5% FBS and 0.6 mg/ml of L‐carnitine; T3: CLA (n = 627), SOF medium with 5% FBS and 100 μM trans‐10 cis‐12 CLA; and T4: L‐carnitine + CLA: (n = 597), SOF medium with 5% FBS plus 0.6 mg/ml L‐carnitine and 100 μM trans‐10 cis‐12 CLA. Supplementation of culture medium with either or both delipidating agents reduced (p < .05) blastocyst rate on D7 (T1 = 49 ± 3.5; T2 = 39 ± 3.0; T3 = 42 ± 3.9 and T4 = 39 ± 3.9), but did not affected gene expression (p > .05). Although embryos cultured in the presence of L‐carnitine contained fewer (p < .05) lipid droplets than the control embryos, they showed a lower re‐expansion rate 24 hr post‐thaw than those (p < .05). In conclusion, although L‐carnitine reduced the amount of lipids in cultured embryos, the use of L‐carnitine and CLA during in vitro culture was not able to improve the embryo production and the response to cryopreservation.
Microsite enhancements for soil stabilization and rapid biocrust colonization in degraded drylands
Authors: Fick Stephen E. , Day Natalie , Duniway Michael C. , Hoy‐Skubik Sean , Barger Nichole N.
Published: October 2019

In dryland ecosystems, natural recovery of biological soil crusts (biocrusts) following disturbance may be slow or inhibited, necessitating active restoration practices. While biocrusts can be readily propagated under environmentally controlled conditions, rehabilitation in the field is complicated by environmental stresses which may be particularly acute in degraded, destabilized soils with harsh climatic conditions at the soil surface. In this study, we first present the results of a field trial at a severely degraded rangeland site examining the stabilizing effects of various soil amendments (polysaccharide glues and polyacrylamides) in combination with biocrust inoculum. We found that a psyllium compound was the only amendment to maintain effectiveness after 19 months, and the only treatment that maintained biocrust inoculum throughout the trial. In a subsequent short‐term experiment where plots were shaded and watered, we examined how biocrust inoculation rate (0, 20, and 40% initial cover) and the psyllium‐based amendment affected biocrust growth. After 4 months, visible biocrust cover in inoculated plots was greater than in controls, but only chlorophyllaexhibited a dosage‐response to inoculum application rate, indicating preferential establishment of cyanobacteria. Psyllium did not affect biocrust development but did improve soil stability. Shade and watering buffered against temperature extremes (up to 15°C) and increased the duration of moist surface conditions necessary for biocrust growth by up to 30%, mimicking conditions more common in the fall and winter months. Our results suggest that inducing early successional biocrusts on a highly degraded site is possible with suitable microclimate conditions.
Hemostatic function in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels assessed using thromboelastography
Authors: Öberg Josefine , Lilliehöök Inger , Höglund Katja , Ljungvall Ingrid
Published: October 2019

Background

Macrothrombocytopenia is a well‐known anomaly in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCSs), a breed also highly predisposed to develop myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Thromboelastography (TEG) has been shown to be a valuable instrument for whole blood hemostatic evaluation in dogs and correlates well with different physiologic and pathologic situations.

Objectives

We aimed to assess the influence of macrothrombocytopenia and the severity of MMVD on hemostatic function as measured by TEG.

Methods

Associations between TEG variables (R, K, α, MA, and G) and dog characteristics, heart rates, systolic blood pressures, MMVD severities (healthy, mild or moderate, and severe), echocardiographic variables, platelet variables (platelet count, mean platelet volume [MPV], and plateletcrit), and hematocrits were evaluated in 47 prospectively recruited privately owned CKCSs. Blood samples were analyzed using a computerized thromboelastograph and an Advia 2120 hematology analyzer.

Results

Univariable and multiple regression analyses showed an effect of left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening (FS%) on all TEG variables, an effect of LV FS% and age on TEG α, and an effect of LV FS% and MPV on TEG MA and TEG G. TEG MA and G increased with increasing MPV, but the associations were generally weak. No significant differences were detected in the TEG variables between the MMVD severity groups.

Conclusion

Macrothrombocytopenia and increased LV FS%, of which the latter commonly increases in various positive inotropic states, were both associated with a more hypercoagulable hemostatic system, according to the TEG results, in the present study.
Expresiones clínicas de los trastornos potencialmente malignos en la cavidad oral. Revisión integrativa de la literatura
Authors: Tovío Martínez Eilien Gisek , Carmona Lorduy Martha Cecilia , Díaz-Caballero Antonio José , Harris Ricardo Jonathan , Lanfranchi Tizeira Héctor E.
Published: October 2019

Antecedentes: Los desórdenes potencialmente malignos (DPM) son aquellas situaciones clínicas en la cavidad bucal que presentan un riesgo aumentado de malignización neoplásica, debido a la exposición a factores de riesgo o alteraciones genéticas. Es necesario realizar revisiones de la evidencia de este tipo de desórdenes para desarrollar o actualizar guías de práctica clínica idóneas. Objetivo: Identificar, a través de una revisión integrativa de la literatura, la evidencia reciente sobre DPM de la cavidad bucal y su transformación maligna, con el fin de proporcionar recomendaciones de manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, Elsevier, SciELO y EMBASE, utilizando la combinación de seis descriptores. Resultados: La búsqueda inicial arrojó 1743 títulos y la muestra consistió en 67 artículos después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Las DPM identificadas fueron liquen plano oral, palatitis nicotínica, hábito de fumar invertido, queilitis actínica, eritroplasia y leucoplasia oral y úlcera traumática crónica. Conclusión: Cada tipo de lesión tiene distinto potencial de malignización, entre los cuales la eritroplasia, el liquen plano oral variante erosivo y la queilitis actínica poseen el mayor riesgo.
Efecto de agentes blanqueadores libres de peróxido sobre el color dental. Revisión sistemática
Authors: Suárez Fajardo Ingrid Giovana , Rodríguez Godoy Mauricio , Delgado Mejía Edgar , Torres Rodríguez Carolina
Published: October 2019

Antecedentes: Los agentes blanqueadores oxidantes tales como los peróxidos generan daños irreversibles en el esmalte dental y afectan químicamente el componente orgánico e inorgánico del esmalte.  Se reportan en la literatura sustancias alternativas que pueden mejorar el color del esmalte, sin causarle daño. Objetivo: Identificar las sustancias blanqueadoras tipo remineralizante reportadas en la literatura y su efecto en el color del esmalte dental. Métodos: Se consultaron las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, Scielo, Lilacs y Scopus, las palabras clave empleadas para la búsqueda fueron dental enamel, tooth bleaching, bleaching, calcium phosphate, hidroxyapatite, apatite, biomimetic, biomimetics, conectadas por el operador booleano AND  y OR de diferentes maneras. Los criterios de elegibilidad de los artículos que harían parte de la revisión fueron que no incluyeran peróxidos de hidrógeno y carbamida con adición fluoruros y fosfatos de calcio y adicionalmente que emplearan un método de medición de color. Resultados: El resultado de la búsqueda arrojó 7 artículos, las sustancias encontradas de tipo remineralizante fueron  hidroxiapatita sintética, fosfatos de calcio y el hexametafosfato de sodio. Según los criterios de evaluación definidos solo 4 de ellos tuvieron un nivel de evidencia alto, uno nivel medio y dos bajos. Todos los estudios reportan con los tratamientos probados, la capacidad de generar cambios en el color del esmalte dental. Conclusión: Las sustancias blanqueadoras remineralizantes encontradas, tienen la capacidad de producir cambios en el color del esmalte dental, lo cual se evidencia con modificación en las diferentes escalas de medición empleadas.
Prevalencia de asimetrías mandibulares en pacientes de Quito Ecuador medidas mediante radiografías panorámicas
Authors: Barreno Haro Karem Marianeth , Macías Ceballos Sandra Magdalena
Published: October 2019

Antecedentes: Las asimetrías mandibulares se consideran variaciones morfológicas que pueden ser imperceptibles o asociarse a maloclusiones, trastornos temporomandibulares y asimetrías faciales. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de asimetría vertical mandibular en radiografías panorámicas de pacientes atendidos en el centro quirúrgico de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, mediante el análisis de Habets. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo para analizar radiografías panorámicas de pacientes mayores de 15 años que presentaron dentición definitiva completa y asistieron a consulta durante los 3 últimos años. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 680 radiografías que correspondían 309 a pacientes hombres y 371 mujeres, con una edad promedio de 22,02 años. Se utilizaron la prueba de Chi cuadrado para evaluar la asociación de las asimetrías encontradas en cada una de las variables dependientes con la edad y sexo del paciente, y las de Mann-Whitney y Kruskal Wallis para la distribución de las variables (intervalo de confianza del 95 %, p<0,05). Resultados: La prevalencia de asimetrías verticales condilares fue del 70,3 %, las de rama 38,7 % y la de cóndilo-rama 30,7 %. Estos valores presentaron mayor tendencia hacia el lado izquierdo. Conclusión: El índice de asimetría de Habets con un corte del 3 % mostró una prevalencia de asimetría condilar en mayor grado, seguida por la asimetría de rama y, menos prevalente, la cóndilo-rama. Estos valores no representaron significancia estadística en relación con la edad y el sexo del paciente.
Saúde bucal no Brasil: análise do ciclo da política
Authors: Sobrinho José Eudes de Lorena , Martelli Petrônio José de Lima
Published: October 2019

Antecedentes: A política nacional de saúde bucal do Brasil, instituída em 2004, é considerada a maior política pública deste segmento em todo o mundo. Objetivo: analisar a Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal do Brasil sob a teoria do ciclo das políticas públicas. Métodos: tratou-se de um estudo qualitativo baseado no policy cicle, que buscou analisar o ciclo da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal do Brasil. Foram utilizados dois métodos para a coleta dos dados: a análise documental e a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Resultados: embora há muito tempo se reconheçam os problemas de saúde bucal da população brasileira, foi no ano de 2003 que se abriu uma janela de oportunidades para que este tema ocupasse a agenda de prioridades do Governo Federal. Instituída em 2004, a política avançou em cobertura de serviços básicos e especializados no território nacional, atendendo a populações prioritárias. A partir do ano de 2016, no entanto, percebe-se sua estagnação dada a conjuntura político-econômica brasileira. Conclusões: os resultados das intervenções demonstram ter ocorrido melhora considerável nos indicadores de saúde bucal; e aumento da cobertura populacional atendida pelas ações e serviços de saúde bucal, fatos estes que recomendam a continuidade da política.
Cellular Substrate to Facilitate Global Buckling of Serpentine Structures
Authors: Yan Zhengang , Wang Baolin , Wang Kaifa , Zhao Shiwei , Li Shupeng , Huang Yonggang , Wang Heling
Published: October 2019

Three-dimensional (3D) serpentine mesostructures assembled by mechanics-guided, deterministic 3D assembly have potential applications in energy harvesting, mechanical sensing, and soft robotics. One limitation is that the serpentine structures are required to have sufficient bending stiffness such that they can overcome the adhesion with the underlying substrate to fully buckle into the 3D shape (global buckling). This note introduces the use of cellular substrate in place of conventional homogeneous substrate to reduce the adhesion energy and therefore ease the above limitation. A theoretical model based on energetic analysis suggests that cellular substrates significantly enlarge the design space of global buckling. Numerical examples show that the enlarged design space enables 3D serpentine structures with reduced maximum strains and resonant frequencies, which offers more possibilities for their potential applications.
Infants’ Motor Activity During a Mother–Infant Interaction Alternating Silent and Singing Phases
Authors: Jover Marianne , Cellier Mathilde , Scola Celine
Published: October 2019

Infants interact with their caregivers, using visual contact, smiling, vocalizations, and motor activity. Most of the studies on infant motor activity during dyadic interaction provided qualitative microanalyses. Few documented changes in infants’ general motor activity when facing social stimuli, but the movement analyses were carried out over large time windows. Following on from a previous study, we sought to explore rapid variations in motor activity during an interaction between mothers and their 6-month-old infants. The interaction featured short alternating silent and singing phases. Results showed that infants’ head, hand, and foot motor activity was related to their mothers’ behavior. Head movements, in particular, decreased during the songs and increased between them. The interindividual variability was strong at the hand and foot level and a k-mean cluster analysis showed three different group tendencies. Head stillness certainly expressed the infants’ attentional engagement in the interaction. Hand and foot movements appeared to be more variable and, at the foot level, presumably depended on the mother–infant communicative routines. Infants’ general motor activity could be an indicator of the infant’s engagement and reflect the dyad’s communicative routines during interactions.
Mobile-surface bubbles and droplets coalesce faster but bounce stronger
Authors: Vakarelski Ivan U. , Yang Fan , Tian Yuan Si , Li Er Qiang , Chan Derek Y. C. , Thoroddsen Sigurdur T.
Published: October 2019

Mobile surface bubbles and droplets coalesce faster but can bounce back much more strongly when colliding.
3D steerable, acoustically powered microswimmers for single-particle manipulation
Authors: Ren Liqiang , Nama Nitesh , McNeill Jeffrey M. , Soto Fernando , Yan Zhifei , Liu Wu , Wang Wei , Wang Joseph , Mallouk Thomas E.
Published: October 2019

Trapped bubbles make for fast and controllable microswimmers that can push or pull living cells in crowded microenvironments.
Constraints on bosonic dark matter from ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Garcon Antoine , Blanchard John W. , Centers Gary P. , Figueroa Nataniel L. , Graham Peter W. , Jackson Kimball Derek F. , Rajendran Surjeet , Sushkov Alexander O. , Stadnik Yevgeny V. , Wickenbrock Arne , Wu Teng , Budker Dmitry
Published: October 2019

CASPEr-ZULF offers a new way to search for ultralight dark matter using ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance.
A sulfur-tethering synthesis strategy toward high-loading atomically dispersed noble metal catalysts
Authors: Wang Lei , Chen Ming-Xi , Yan Qiang-Qiang , Xu Shi-Long , Chu Sheng-Qi , Chen Ping , Lin Yue , Liang Hai-Wei
Published: October 2019

Sulfur doped in carbon matrix can tether metal atoms to form high-loading atomically dispersed supported metal catalysts.
Tuning the deformation mechanisms of boron carbide via silicon doping
Authors: Xiang Sisi , Ma Luoning , Yang Bruce , Dieudonne Yvonne , Pharr George M. , Lu Jing , Yadav Digvijay , Hwang Chawon , LaSalvia Jerry C. , Haber Richard A. , Hemker Kevin J. , Xie Kelvin Y.
Published: October 2019

Si-doped boron carbide could be a promising material for the next-generation body armor.
Influenza restriction factor MxA functions as inflammasome sensor in the respiratory epithelium
Authors: Lee SangJoon , Ishitsuka Akari , Noguchi Masayuki , Hirohama Mikako , Fujiyasu Yuji , Petric Philipp P. , Schwemmle Martin , Staeheli Peter , Nagata Kyosuke , Kawaguchi Atsushi
Published: October 2019

MxA inflammasome restricts influenza A virus infection in respiratory epithelium.
One Size Fits All? Application of Susceptible-Dose-Dependent Breakpoints to Pediatric Patients and Laboratory Reporting
Authors: Nielsen Lindsey E. , Forrester Jeanne B. , Girotto Jennifer Ellis , Dassner Aimee M. , Humphries Romney
Published: October 2019

The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute antimicrobial and antifungal standards define a susceptible-dose-dependent (SDD) category for certain organisms and drug combinations. Reporting MICs within the SDD category suggests that treatment success is likely with increased drug exposure. These breakpoints are based on pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and clinical outcome data from adults and not pediatric patients.
Cellular Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor 6 (CPSF6) Mediates Nuclear Import of Human Bocavirus 1 NP1 Protein and Modulates Viral Capsid Protein Expression
Authors: Wang Xiaomei , Xu Peng , Cheng Fang , Li Yi , Wang Zekun , Hao Siyuan , Wang Jianke , Ning Kang , Ganaie Safder S. , Engelhardt John F. , Yan Ziying , Qiu Jianming
Published: October 2019

Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is one of the significant pathogens causing acute respiratory tract infections in young children worldwide. HBoV1 encodes a small nonstructural protein (NP1) that plays an important role in the maturation of viral mRNAs encoding capsid proteins as well as in viral DNA replication. Here, we identified a critical host factor, CPSF6, that directly interacts with NP1, mediates the nuclear import of NP1, and plays a role in the maturation of capsid protein-encoding mRNAs in the nucleus. The identification of the direct interaction between viral NP1 and host CPSF6 provides new insights into the mechanism by which a viral small nonstructural protein facilitates the multiple regulation of viral gene expression and replication and reveals a novel target for potent antiviral drug development.
Cross-sectional survey of orthotic service provision in the UK: does where you live affect the service you receive?
Authors: Chockalingam Nachiappan , Eddison Nicola , Healy Aoife
Published: October 2019

Objective

To investigate the quantity and quality of orthotic service provision within the UK.

Design

Cross-sectional survey obtained through freedom of information request in 2017.

Setting

National Health Service (NHS) Trusts/Health Boards (HBs) across the UK.

Main outcome measures

Descriptive statistics of survey results, including information related to finance, volume of appointments, patients and orthotic products, waiting times, staffing, complaints, outcome measures and key performance indicators.

Results

Responses were received from 61% (119/196) of contacted Trusts/HBs; 86% response rate from Scotland (12/14) and Wales (6/7), 60% (3/5) from Northern Ireland and 58% (98/170) from England. An inhouse service was provided by 32% (35/110) of responses and 68% (74/110) were funded by a block contract. Long waiting times for appointments and lead times for footwear/orthoses, and large variations in patient entitlements for orthotic products across Trusts/HBs were evident. Variations in the length of appointment times were also evident between regions of the UK and between contracted and inhouse services, with all appointment times relatively short. There was evidence of improvements in service provision; ability for direct general practitioner referral and orthotic services included within multidisciplinary clinics. However, this was not found in all Trusts/HBs.

Conclusions

The aim to provide a complete UK picture of orthotic service provision was hindered by the low response rate and limited information provided in some responses, with greater ability of Trusts/HBs to answer questions related to quantity of service than those that reflect quality. However, results highlight the large discrepancies in service provision between Trusts/HBs, the gaps in data capture and the need for the UK NHS to establish appropriate processes to record the quantity and quality of orthotic service provision. In addition to standardising appointment times across the NHS, guidelines on product entitlements for patients and their lead times should be prescribed to promote equity.
Current trends in the acute treatment of ischemic stroke: analysis from the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program
Authors: Asaithambi Ganesh , Tong Xin , Lakshminarayan Kamakshi , Coleman King Sallyann M , George Mary G
Published: October 2019

Background

The intra-arterial treatment (IAT) of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is now evidence-based and given the highest level of recommendation among eligible patients. Using a multi-state stroke registry, we studied the trend in IAT among patients with AIS over 11 years and its impact on the utilization of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) within the same 11 years.

Methods

Using data from the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program (PCNASP), we studied trends in IVT and IAT for patients with AIS between 2008 and 2018. Trends over time were examined for rates of IVT only, IAT only, or a combination of IVT and IAT (IVT+IAT). Favorable outcome was defined as discharge to home.

Results

During the study period there were 595 677 patients (mean age 70.4 years, 50.4% women) from 646 participating hospitals with a clinical diagnosis of AIS in the PCNASP. Trends for IVT only, IAT only, and IVT+IAT all significantly increased over time (P<0.001). Total use of IVT and IAT increased from 7% in 2008 to 19.1% in 2018. The rate of patients discharged to home increased significantly over time among all treatment groups (P<0.001).

Conclusion

In our large registry-based analysis, we observed a significant increase in the use of IAT for the treatment of AIS, with continued increases in the use of IVT. Concurrently, the percent of patients with favorable outcomes continued to increase.
Dose adjustment of clopidogrel in hyper-responder patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with stents
Authors: González Alejandro , Ortega-Quintanilla Joaquin , Zapata-Arriaza Elena , de Albóniga-Chindurza Asier , García-Lozano Jose Raul , Luque Vega María Isabel , Cayuela Aurelio
Published: October 2019

Background

The management of clopidogrel in hyper-responders has not been well described. We report the treatment and dose adjustment individualization with clopidogrel oral solution (COS) in hyper-responder patients with an unruptured intracranial aneurysm treated with a stent.

Methods

A prospective study (2015–2018) in patients receiving clopidogrel prior to endovascular treatment was performed. Platelet reactivity after clopidogrel therapy was evaluated with the VerifyNow PRU test. Initial values ≤80 PRU (P2Y12 reactivity units) were classified as a hyper-response according to prior evidence. Patients were treated with clopidogrel for 7–10 days before stent treatment. Seven days post-procedure the dose of COS was gradually reduced (30 mg–20 mg–10 mg–5 mg) every 5 days to 5 mg (1 mL)/day.

Results

Twenty patients with 24 aneurysms were classified as having a hyper-response to clopidogrel. Mean age was 55.2 years (range 42–64) and 80% were women. Mean baseline PRU value and the percentage of platelet inhibition were 16.4±11.5 PRU and 92.05±7.5%, respectively. The mean time used to decrease the dose of clopidogrel to 5 mg/day was 27±4.3 days. Modified dosing strategies were shown to increase the final PRU values and to decrease the percentage of platelet inhibition (137.42±27.4 and 41.5±14.8%, respectively). Two of the 20 patients with dose adjustment of oral solution of clopidogrel (5 mg/day) in our cohort exhibited a delayed conversion to hypo-response. No patients suffered thromboembolic events related to the dose adjustment of clopidogrel with 5 mg/day during the follow-up.

Conclusion

Reduction of the daily maintenance dose of clopidogrel in hyper-responder patients could provide a similar antiplatelet effect to the standard dose of clopidogrel, allowing a PRU value in the optimal range.
Efficacy and safety of the dual-layer flow-diverting stent (FRED) for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Guimaraens Leopoldo , Vivas Elio , Saldaña Jesus , Llibre Juan Carlos , Gil Alberto , Balaguer Ernest , Rodríguez-Campello Ana , Cuadrado-Godia Elisa , Ois Angel
Published: October 2019

Purpose

To describe the efficacy and complications of treating cerebral aneurysms with the Flow Re-direction Endoluminal Device (FRED) and to identify predictors for aneurysm occlusion.

Methods

A prospective observational registry including all consecutive aneurysms treated with FRED between December 2015 and July 2018 was designed in one therapeutic neuroangiography department. The primary endpoint for treatment efficacy was complete or near-complete occlusion (O’Kelly–Marotta (OKM) C–D), assessed by three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography. Major (all symptomatics) and minor complications were described and those with modified Rankin Scale scores 3–6 were considered clinically relevant. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors of efficacy.

Results

A total of 185 aneurysms were analyzed in 150 patients (mean age 54.3±11.5 years). Mean follow-up was 18.99±11.32 months (range 0–43). Efficacy was evaluated in 156 (84.32%) cases: 132 (84.6%) had OKM C–D occlusion, 31/47 (66%) within the first year and 101/109 (92.7%) later on. Major complications were observed in 12 (6.5%) cases: three strokes (one transient ischemic accident, two minor strokes), six intra-stent thrombosis, and three with bleeding, but only one (0.5%) was clinically relevant. Minor complications (all asymptomatic) were observed in 10 (5.4%) cases: three shortening/repositioning of stent; two arterial dissection, two arterial occlusion, and three intra-stent stenosis. Independent predictors of occlusion were immediate OKM grade B–C–D (OR 4.01, 95% CI 1.51 to 10.62), single aneurysm (OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.05 to 10.32), and small size aneurysm (OR 4.74, 95% CI 1.57 to 14.30).

Conclusion

The FRED stent fully complied with efficacy and safety requirements for treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Three predictors of aneurysm occlusion were identified.