bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caused accompanied motion in Bora
Authors: Seifart Frank
Published: May 2022

The Amazonian language Bora uses a pair of deictically directed, but manner-neutral, bring and take verbs to express caused accompanied motion (CAM), but also an obtain-type verb, and a number of manner-specific, but deictically neutral verbs, e.g. carry and pull. When other verbs express CAM events, they often include directional verbal suffixes indicating associated motion, e.g. ‘go (and then do)’. Sources and goals are marked with spatial cases, but their overt expression (as well as that of themes) is syntactically optional. Phonological resemblance between the spatial case markers, the directional verbal suffixes, as well as the bring and take verbs indicate that they are historically related. The analyses in this chapter are based on a corpus of spoken Bora.
Expressing directional caused accompanied motion in Movima
Authors: Haude Katharina
Published: May 2022

In Movima (isolate, Bolivia), caused accompanied motion is typically expressed with two verbs: jiwa-ɬe ‘bring’ and joy-ɬe ‘take’. They are composed of a root denoting directional motion (jiwa-‘come’ and joy‑ ‘go’) and an applicative suffix expressing causation and accompaniment (-ɬe). The core arguments of these bivalent verbs are agent and theme, whereas the goal is optionally expressed by an oblique-marked constituent. Manner of motion or transportation is not included in the semantics of these verbs; if specified at all, it is expressed in a separate clause. Besides providing a detailed description of the morphological, syntactic and semantic properties of these two verbs, the chapter also investigates other, more marginal strategies to express directed, caused, and/or accompanied motion in Movima.
Directed caused accompanied motion events in Sudest, an Oceanic language with classificatory verbs
Authors: Sheppard Harriet
Published: May 2022

This chapter explores the expression of directed caused accompanied motion events (directed CAM) in Sudest, an Austronesian language of Vanatɨna and Yeina Islands, Papua New Guinea. Directed CAM expressions in Sudest typically involve a caused motion verb in combination with a directional element, which can be a directional verb, associated motion prefix, or deictic enclitic. In the majority of cases, the caused motion verb is selected from a set of verbs that can be described as ‘classificatory verbs’, a type of verbal classifier. The Sudest verbs mean ‘get’ and are selected based on properties of the object referent, including consistency, flexibility, fullness, and number. Sudest is unique among the Austronesian languages as it is the only attested language of the family that has verbal classifiers.
Expressing events of directed caused accompanied motion in Qaqet
Authors: Hellwig Birgit
Published: May 2022

This chapter investigates the expression of directed caused accompanied motion (directed CAM) events in Qaqet, a Baining language of Papua New Guinea. Qaqet employs a complex CAM expression that consists of an intransitive motion verb plus valency-changing elements, and the chapter describes this construction, its combining elements and its distribution in a corpus of natural discourse. In addition, the chapter takes a discourse perspective and discusses how speakers prefer to build complex events by incrementally introducing and repeating information over separate prosodic and syntactic units.
Expressions of directed caused accompanied motion events in Yali
Authors: Riesberg Sonja
Published: May 2022

This chapter investigates expressions of directed caused accompanied motion (directed CAM) events in Yali, a Trans New-Guinea language of West Papua, Indonesia. The most frequent strategy to express these kinds of events in Yali is to build a clause chain consisting of a take verb in the medial-verb slot, and a deictically specific motion verb (‘come’ or ‘go’) as the finite verb. Less frequently, non-deictic motion verbs can occur in the finite verb slot. The chapter also discusses a second construction – here called purpose of motion construction – used to express directed CAM events, and shows how the different directed CAM expressions interact with the Yali system of differential object marking.
Physical exercise is tied to emotion‐related impulsivity: insights from correlational analyses in healthy humans
Authors: Javelle Florian , Vogel Anke , Laborde Sylvain , Oberste Max , Watson Matthew , Zimmer Philipp
Published: May 2022

Seminal work has found a negative association between physical exercise and impulsivity levels in humans. This paper aims to strengthen these findings by evaluating the association between the amount of self‐reported physical exercise per week and emotion‐related impulsivity whilst considering age and gender as covariates on a large‐scale dataset.

Participants completed an online self‐report questionnaire about emotion‐related impulsivity (i.e. Feelings Trigger Action) and exercise‐related questions. After quality control, 773 participants were included in the analysis. Correlational analyses and a multiple regression model explaining the emotion‐related impulsivity scores via the amount of exercise per week and demographic characteristics (i.e. age and gender) were performed.

The number of hours spent exercising per week was significantly inversely correlated with the Feelings Trigger Action score (r = −.131, p < .001) and two out of its three subscales. The multiple linear regression model showed that hours of exercise per week and gender were significantly associated with the Feelings Trigger Action score (std. β = −.122, p < .001), however, this model explained only 3.2% of the overall variance.

This large‐scale dataset confirms seminal work displaying an inverse association between emotion‐related impulsivity and hours of exercise per week. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms underlying the relationship between the two variables.

Highlights

This study (N = 773) confirms seminal work on the connection between exercise and impulsivity.

When controlling for demographic variables, the amount of exercise per week was inversely correlated (small effect size) with emotion‐related impulsivity levels.

In the multiple‐regression model, hours of exercise per week and gender were significantly associated with the Feelings Trigger Action score.
Discrete-time complementary filter for attitude estimation based on MARG sensor
Authors: Li Xiang , Xu Qing , Tang Yanmei , Xu Chuanpei , Hu Cong , Niu Junhao
Published: May 2022

The MARG sensor, which stands for the combination of a magnetometer, an accelerometer, and a gyroscope, is widely used for 3D attitude measurement. Among the mainstream solutions for MARG-based attitude estimation, the complementary filter (CF) is normally regarded as a simplified alternative to the Kalman filter (KF), mainly because CF can reduce the amount of calculations. A dual-vector discrete-time CF (DV-DTCF) and its tuning methods are introduced in this paper. Different from the quaternion-based attitude estimation algorithms, DV-DTCF has a linear measurement model, since it utilizes the gravity and geomagnetic vectors as its state variables instead of quaternions. This feature of DV-DTCF can avoid linearization error or the use of nonlinear algorithms, and can also greatly reduce its computational complexity. More interestingly, it is analytically revealed, and experimentally proven, that the proposed DV-DTCF is fully equivalent to a fixed-gain KF. This fascinating fact leads straightforwardly to the tuning methods of DV-DTCF via the corresponding fixed-gain KF and Riccati equation. These tuning methods of DV-DTCF are based on the statistic characteristics of MARG sensor noise, and that makes them solid and feasible. According to experimental results, DV-DTCF can achieve the same accuracy as that of commonly-used KF algorithms in MARG-based attitude estimation, but with much lower time consumption. Hence, the proposed DV-DTCF is especially suitable for applications that have strict limitations on computational costs.
Estimation of electrode contact impedance and conductivity of single-layer graphene using electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Khambampati Anil Kumar , Sharma Sunam Kumar , Kim Kyung Youn
Published: May 2022

The paper describes a novel method of detecting defects in the fabrication of graphene films which have many important applications due to their unique mechanical and electronic properties. The illustrative method is based upon electrical impedance tomography and is demonstrated using a testbed to obtain the conductivity profile across the entire graphene surface. Sensed data are processed using a described reconstruction procedure that estimates electrode contact impedances and spatial conductivity. The results are presented of numerical simulations and experiments with graphene wafers of size 2.5 cm. The results show that the proposed method can jointly estimate contact impedance at each electrode and conductivity distribution.
Neutrinos from captured dark matter annihilation in a galactic population of neutron stars
Authors: Bose Debajit , Maity Tarak Nath , Ray Tirtha Sankar
Published: May 2022

Particulate dark matter captured by a population of neutron stars distributed around the galactic center while annihilating through long-lived mediators can give rise to an observable neutrino flux. We examine the prospect of an idealised gigaton detector like IceCube/KM3NeT in probing such scenarios. Within this framework, we report an improved reach in spin-dependent and spin-independent dark matter nucleon cross-section below the current limits for dark matter masses in the TeV-PeV range.
CoLoRe: fast cosmological realisations over large volumes with multiple tracers
Authors: Ramírez-Pérez César , Sanchez Javier , Alonso David , Font-Ribera Andreu
Published: May 2022

We present CoLoRe, a public software package to efficiently generate synthetic realisations of multiple cosmological surveys.
CoLoRe can simulate the growth of structure with different degrees of accuracy, with the current implementation supporting lognormal fields, first, and second order Lagrangian perturbation theory.
CoLoRe simulates the density field on an all-sky light-cone up to a desired maximum redshift, and uses it to generate multiple 2D and 3D maps: galaxy positions and velocities, lensing (shear, magnification, convergence), integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect, line intensity mapping, and line of sight skewers for simulations of the Lyman-α forest. We test the accuracy of the simulated maps against analytical theoretical predictions, and showcase its performance with a multi-survey simulation including DESI galaxies and quasars, LSST galaxies and lensing, and SKA intensity mapping and radio galaxies. We expect CoLoRe to be particularly useful in studies aiming to characterise the impact of systematics in multi-experiment analyses, quantify the covariance between different datasets, and test cross-correlation pipelines for near-future surveys.
Comprehensive,in operando, and correlative investigation of defects and their impact on device performance
Authors: Zhang Yong , Smith David J.
Published: May 2022

Despite the long history of research that has focused on the role of defects on device performance, the studies have not always been fruitful. A major reason is because these defect studies have typically been conducted in a parallel mode wherein the semiconductor wafer was divided into multiple pieces for separate optical and structural characterization, as well as device fabrication and evaluation. The major limitation of this approach was that either the defect being investigated by structural characterization techniques was not the same defect that was affecting the device performance or else the defect was not characterized under normal device operating conditions. In this review, we describe a more comprehensive approach to defect study, namely a series mode, using an array of spatially-resolved optical, electrical, and structural characterization techniques, all at the individual defect level but applied sequentially on a fabricated device. This novel sequential approach enables definitive answers to key questions, such as: (i) how do individual defects affect device performance? (ii) how does the impact depend on the device operation conditions? (iii) how does the impact vary from one defect to another? Implementation of this different approach is illustrated by the study of individual threading dislocation defects in GaAs solar cells. Additionally, we briefly describe a 3-D Raman thermometry method that can also be used for investigating the roles of defects in high power devices and device failure mechanisms.
In-situ monitoring of dynamic behavior of catalyst materials and reaction intermediates in semiconductor catalytic processes
Authors: Fang Zhen , Liu Yao , Song Chengyi , Tao Peng , Shang Wen , Deng Tao , Zeng Xiaoqin , Wu Jianbo
Published: May 2022

Semiconductor photocatalysis, as a key part of solar energy utilization, has far-reaching implications for industrial, agricultural, and commercial development. Lack of understanding of the catalyst evolution and the reaction mechanism is a critical obstacle for designing efficient and stable photocatalysts. This review summarizes the recent progress of in-situ exploring the dynamic behavior of catalyst materials and reaction intermediates. Semiconductor photocatalytic processes and two major classes of in-situ techniques that include microscopic imaging and spectroscopic characterization are presented. Finally, problems and challenges in in-situ characterization are proposed, geared toward developing more advanced in-situ techniques and monitoring more accurate and realistic reaction processes, to guide designing advanced photocatalysts.
Characterisation of a soft X-ray optimised CMOS Image Sensor
Authors: Heymes J. , Ivory J. , Stefanov K. , Buggey T. , Hetherington O. , Soman M. , Holland A.
Published: May 2022

A prototype CMOS Image Sensor optimised for soft X-ray applications has been designed by the Centre for Electronic Imaging in partnership with Teledyne-e2v. The device features four different pixel variants (three variants of 40 μm pitch pixels, and one variant of 10 μm pixels) each covering a quarter of the 2 × 2 cm2 image area. The pixel designs feature fully depleted pinned photodiodes using reverse substrate bias and have been optimised for low noise operation, high responsivity and low image lag.

The fabricated front-illuminated devices have been tested in a custom-built vacuum test setup at operating temperatures between -30°C and -40°C. The sensors feature less than 5 e- RMS readout noise and energy resolution of 142 eV at Mn-Kα (5.9 keV). The response to soft X-ray with different sensor parameters (e.g. pixel pitch, deep-depletion extension implant depth, and back-bias voltage) is also studied.
On a new environment-friendly gas mixture for Resistive Plate Chambers
Authors: Proto G. , Liberti B. , Santonico R. , Aielli G. , Camarri P. , Cardarelli R. , Di Ciaccio A. , Di Stante L. , Paoloni A. , Pastori E. , Pizzimento L. , Rocchi A.
Published: May 2022

This paper studies the performance of RPCs working with a new family of environment-friendly gases, mainly based on Carbon Dioxide and Hydro-Fluoro-Olefins. The tests are carried out on a 2 mm gap RPC and concern the measurement of detection efficiency, avalanche-to-streamer transition probability, prompt and ionic charge delivered. The timing properties of the new gas are also measured.
Association of Lactoferrin (LTF) Gene Variation to Milk Yield in Indonesian Friesian Holstein
Authors: Maulana Muhammad Bagas Tama Ardian , Widayanti Septiana , Vanessa Rebecca , Pambuko Galih , Lestari Rahyu Eka Puji , Herowati Novita , Gunawan Taufiq , Prastowo Sigit , Susilawati Ari , Sutarno
Published: May 2022

Lactoferrin (LTF) is a gene that play role in dairy cattle’s health and immunity. Since animal health is an integral factor supporting milk production in dairy cattle, the purpose of the current study was to find an association between LTF gene variation and the amount of milk yield in Indonesian Friesian Holstein (IFH). Fifty cows were sampled in this study. The PCR – RFLP reaction using EcoRI restriction enzyme was employed to genotype the LTF in individual cow samples. As the result, AB and AA genotype was found, and it has frequencies 0.58 and 0.42 respectively. The AB genotype shows a higher amount of milk per lactation when compared to the AA genotype (3741 ± 1520.29 kg vs. 3338 ± 1317.57 kg), but not significantly different (p > 0.05). In this studied dairy cattle population, the variation of the LTF gene didn’t associate with milk yield.
Reformulation of Dairy Cattle Concentrate Based on Rumen Degradable Protein to Undegradable Protein Ratio at Different Energy Levels: In Vitro Study
Authors: Rosmalia A , Dewi N A , Permana I G , Despal
Published: May 2022

Asynchronous releasing rumen degradable protein (RDP) and energy reduces rumen microbial protein synthesis (MPS) and increases excess nutrients to the environment. Moreover, the ratio of RDP to rumen undegradable protein (RUP) was also important in improving the utilization of protein, especially for high-producing cows. However, the issue has not been a concern of most dairy concentrate manufacturers in tropical areas. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal ratio of RDP to RUP (RDUP) at different energy levels (TDN) of dairy cattle concentrate using in vitro method. The study used a 4 × 3 factorial randomized block design. The first factor was RDUP (1.50; 1.22; 1.00; 0.82) and the second factor was TDN levels (65%; 70%; 75%). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and followed by Duncan’s test. RDUP and TDN treatments affected NH3 concentration without interaction. Total VFA concentration, rumen bacteria, and protozoa population did not affect by the treatments. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility increased with increasing RDUP and TDN levels with an average of 71.58% and 70.67%, respectively. It is concluded that dairy concentrate based on RDP:RUP ratio at 1.50 (60:40) and 75% TDN improves fermentability and in vitro digestibility.
Fatty acid composition of black soldier fly maggot were reared in the mixture of laying hen manure with lemuru fish oil
Authors: Gunawan Aam , Malik Abd , Rusmana Denny , Djaya Muhammad Syarif , Widaningsih Neni
Published: May 2022

Manure can release greenhouse gases and invite the presence of house flies which can harm livestock health and pollute the environment. Maggot black soldier fly can overcome manure problems by converting it into nutrient-rich biomass. The growth and nutrient composition of maggot is influenced by the type of media used as food. In this study, the maggot black soldier fly was given six kinds of feed consisting of a mixture of laying hens manure with the addition of lemuru fish oil which varied 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15%. Three weeks old maggot black soldier fly was harvested and the total production was weighed. Maggot meal samples were analyzed for nutrient content and fatty acid composition. The data obtained were analyzed of variance and continued with Duncan’s multiple renge test. The results showed that the treatment was highly significant effect on maggot production, weight of 100 maggots, and crude fat content. Mixed feed of laying 61723 ASDBEENhens manure with 12% lemuru fish oil was the best mixture with the highest average production of fresh BSF maggot 1.139.25 g, average maggot weight 0.19 g/maggot, crude fat content 33.87%, linoleic 6.483%, linolenic acid 0.388%, EPA 2.142 %, and DHA 0.049%. It was concluded that the addition of lemuru fish oil into layer chicken manure could enrich the unsaturated fatty acid content of maggot black soldier fly.
Physicochemical characteristics of egg white powder using Lactobacillus bulgaricus
Authors: Azizah N F N , Evanuarini H , Widyastuti E S
Published: May 2022

Egg white powder fermented with Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteria using pan drying method to improve the quality of egg white powder. Fermentation is carried out to reduce the Maillard reaction in egg white powder. This research aims to determine the best percentage of Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteria used in egg white powder based on physicochemical quality. The materials used was fresh eggs with weight 60 ± 2 g and starter of Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteria. The treatments were without addition Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteria (T0), 2% (T1), 4% (T2), and 6% (T3) Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteria on egg white powder production. Fermentation time was carried out for 6 hours and continued with drying method using pan drying at 60°C for 7 hours. The result showed that addition of Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteria gave highly significant effect (P<0.01) on pH value, foaming capacity, L*a*b* color, moisture content, protein content of egg white powder. pH value, and moisture content were decreased as the percentage of Lactobacillus bulgaricus increased. Foaming capacity, L*a*b* color and protein content were increase as the percentage of Lactobacillus bulgaricus increase. It could be concluded that addition of Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteria 6% in egg white powder gave the best egg white powder.
The Benefits of Indonesian Spices For Livestock Health As A Legacy of Our Ancestors Local Wisdom
Authors: Widyani Retno , Nilamcaya Mus , Iftitah Dein
Published: May 2022

The world of animal husbandry began in ancient times when humans began to carry out animal domestication activities used spices to maintain animal health. This research aimed to see the development of the spice use for livestock health. The method used is a literature study from various research results related to the use of spices for livestock health. The result indicated that the treatment of livestock has been known since Borobudur Temple was built with depictions of reliefs about herbal medicine. Recent research, the first literature study is a mixture of bitter, betel, ginger, and nutmeg formula that can function as an anti-cholesterol agent. In the second study, it turns out that spices cinnamon, coconut, and olive oil can also be used to treat lice. The third study found a spice formula that is efficacious as an anthelmintic in livestock. The formula consists of meeting mango, ginger, turmeric. The conclusion of this study is revealed and proven to have inherited the ancestral heritage listed in the reliefs of Borobudur temple in the 4.0 era. Spices are medicinal raw materials that are environmentally friendly and their availability is sustainable.
3D bioprinted white adipose model for in vitro study of cancer-associated cachexia induced adipose tissue remodeling
Authors: Xue Wen , Yu Seok-Yeong , Kuss Mitchell , Kong Yunfan , Shi Wen , Chung Soonkyu , Kim So-Youn , Duan Bin
Published: May 2022

Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a complex metabolic and behavioral syndrome with multiple manifestations that involve systemic inflammation, weight loss, and adipose lipolysis. It impacts the quality of life of patients and is the direct cause of death in 20%–30% of cancer patients. The severity of fat loss and adipose tissue remodeling negatively correlate with patients’ survival outcomes. To address the mechanism of fat loss and design potential approaches to prevent the process, it will be essential to understand CAC pathophysiology through white adipose tissue models. In the present study, an engineered human white adipose tissue (eWAT) model based on three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting was developed and induced with pancreatic cancer cell-conditioned medium (CM) to mimic the status of CAC in vitro. We found that the CM induction significantly increased the lipolysis and accumulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The 3D eWATs were further vascularized to study the influence of vascularization on lipolysis and CAC progression, which was largely unknown. Results demonstrated that CM induction improved the angiogenesis of vascularized eWATs (veWATs), and veWATs demonstrated decreased glycerol release but increased UCP1 expression, compared to eWATs. Many unique inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, CXCL-1, GM-CSF, etc) from the CM were detected and supposed to contribute to eWAT lipolysis, UCP1 up-regulation, and ECM development. In response to CM induction, eWATs also secreted inflammatory adipokines related to the metastatic ability of cancer, muscle atrophy, and vascularization (NGAL, CD54, IGFBP-2, etc). Our work demonstrated that the eWAT is a robust model for studying cachectic fat loss and the accompanying remodeling of adipose tissue. It is therefore a useful tool for future research exploring CAC physiologies and developing potential therapies.
The influence of heat treatment on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of selective laser melted 316L stainless steel in Ringer’s solution
Authors: Jazaeri Moghadas Seyed Mohammadali , Yeganeh Mahdi , Zaree Seyed Reza Alavi , Eskandari Mostafa
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel (SS) in Ringer’s solution. The corrosion performance of the as-received, heat-treated at 450 °C (HT1), and 1050 °C (HT2) SS alloys manufactured by selective laser melting was evaluated. The heat treatment at 450 °C and 1050 °C relieved about 38% and 62% of the compressive residual stress derived from the selective laser melting (SLM) process, respectively. The charge transfer resistance of the as-received, HT1, and HT2 was 102, 140, and 12 kΩ cm2in the Ringer’s solution, respectively. This severe reduction in corrosion resistance for the HT2 sample can be attributed to the high possibility of harmful phases such as MnS forming during heat treatment and possibly depletion of chromium content in the inclusions compared to the alloy matrix.
Evaluation of TRPS1 Expression in Pleural Effusion Cytology Specimens With Metastatic Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Minhua , Stendahl Kristin , Cai Guoping , Adeniran Adebowale , Harigopal Malini , Gilani Syed M
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Recent studies have shown that trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) is a sensitive and specific marker that shows positive staining in breast carcinoma. We conducted this study to evaluate the role of TRPS1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in differentiating breast primary vs tumors from other primary sites in malignant pleural effusion cytology specimens (MPECSs).

Methods

We selected 61 MPECS cases with cell block material available to analyze TRPS1 IHC staining. Of these 61 cases, 38 cases were metastatic carcinoma (MC) from a breast primary. We primarily selected MC cases confirmed as breast origin based on GATA binding protein 3 IHC positivity, except in two of the cases. The remaining 23 MPECS cases were from various primary sites, including urothelial (n = 6), Müllerian (n = 6), lung adenocarcinoma (n = 6), malignant melanoma (MM; n = 3), and squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC; n = 2).

Results

TRPS1 expression was observed in 35 (92%) of 38 MCs of breast origin. The staining intensity was variable, with 18 (47%) cases showing strong nuclear expression. In comparison, no TRPS1 expression was seen in any cases of urothelial carcinoma, MM, and SqCC. However, four of six Müllerian MC cases demonstrated TRPS1 expression.

Conclusions

TRPS1 is a new marker that can be used in an IHC panel to investigate breast origin in MPECS.
Clinical Validation of a Novel T-Cell Receptor Sequencing Assay for Identification of Recent or Prior Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Authors: Dalai Sudeb C , Dines Jennifer N , Snyder Thomas M , Gittelman Rachel M , Eerkes Tera , Vaney Pashmi , Howard Sally , Akers Kipp , Skewis Lynell , Monteforte Anthony , Witte Pamela R , Wolf Cristina , Nesse Hans , Herndon Megan , Qadeer Jia , Duffy Sarah , Svejnoha Emily , Taromino Caroline , Kaplan Ian M , Alsobrook John , Manley Thomas , Baldo Lance
Published: May 2022

Background

While diagnostic, therapeutic, and vaccine development in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has proceeded at unprecedented speed, critical gaps in our understanding of the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remain unaddressed by current diagnostic strategies.

Methods

A statistical classifier for identifying prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was trained using >4000 SARS-CoV-2–associated T-cell receptor (TCR) β sequences identified by comparing 784 cases and 2447 controls from 5 independent cohorts. The T-Detect COVID (Adaptive Biotechnologies) assay applies this classifier to TCR repertoires sequenced from blood samples to yield a binary assessment of past infection. Assay performance was assessed in 2 retrospective (n = 346; n = 69) and 1 prospective cohort (n = 87) to determine positive percent agreement (PPA) and negative percent agreement (NPA). PPA was compared with 2 commercial serology assays, and pathogen cross-reactivity was evaluated.

Results

T-Detect COVID demonstrated high PPA in individuals with prior reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)–confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (97.1% 15+ days from diagnosis; 94.5% 15+ days from symptom onset), high NPA (∼100%) in presumed or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 negative cases, equivalent or higher PPA than 2 commercial serology tests, and no evidence of pathogen cross-reactivity.

Conclusions

T-Detect COVID is a novel T-cell immunosequencing assay demonstrating high clinical performance for identification of recent or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection from blood samples, with implications for clinical management, risk stratification, surveillance, and understanding of protective immunity and long-term sequelae.
Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome relapse following COVID-19 vaccination: a series of 25 cases
Authors: Hummel Aurélie , Oniszczuk Julie , Kervella Delphine , Charbit Marina , Guerrot Dominique , Testa Angelo , Philipponnet Carole , Chauvet Cécile , Guincestre Thomas , Brochard Karine , Benezech Ariane , Figueres Lucile , Belenfant Xavier , Guarnieri Andrea , Demoulin Nathalie , Benetti Elisa , Miglinas Marius , Dessaix Kathleen , Morelle Johann , Angeletti Andrea , Sellier-Leclerc Anne-Laure , Ranchin Bruno , Goussard Guillaume , Hudier Laurent , Bacchetta Justine , Servais Aude , Audard Vincent
Published: May 2022

Background

Several cases of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) relapse following the administration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have recently been reported, raising questions about the potential relationship between the immune response to COVID-19 vaccination and INS pathogenesis.

Methods

We performed a retrospective multicentre survey describing the clinical and biological characteristics of patients presenting a relapse of INS after COVID-19 vaccination, with an assessment of outcome under treatment.

Results

We identified 25 patients (16 men and 9 women) presenting a relapse within 1 month of a COVID-19 vaccine injection. The glomerular disease was of childhood onset in half of the patients and most patients (21/25) had received at least one immunosuppressive drug in addition to steroids for frequently relapsing or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (NS). All patients were in a stable condition at the time of injection and 11 had no specific treatment. In five patients, the last relapse was reported >5 years before vaccine injection. The Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccine was used in 80% of the patients. In 18 cases, INS relapse occurred after the first injection, a mean of 17.5 days after vaccination. A second injection was nevertheless administered in 14 of these patients. Five relapses occurred after administration of the second dose and two relapses after the administration of the third dose. All but one of the patients received steroids as first-line treatment, with an additional immunosuppressive agent in nine cases. During follow-up, complete remission was achieved in 21 patients, within 1 month in 17 cases. Only one patient had not achieved at least partial remission after 3 months of follow-up.

Conclusions

This case series suggests that, in rare patients, COVID-19 vaccination may trigger INS relapse that is generally easy to control. These findings should encourage physicians to persuade their patients to complete the COVID-19 vaccination schedule.
Comparative Risk of Incident Cancer in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease with Prior Non-digestive Malignancy According to Immunomodulator: a Multicentre Cohort Study
Authors: Poullenot F , Amiot A , Nachury M , Viennot S , Altwegg R , Bouhnik Y , Abitbol V , Nancey S , Vuitton L , Peyrin-Biroulet L , Biron A , Fumery M , Picon L , Vidon M , Reenaers C , Serrero M , Savoye G , Beaugerie L , Rivière P , Laharie D
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Knowledge about the cancer risk when initiating a biologic in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients with prior malignancy remains scarce, especially for vedolizumab. Our aim was to evaluate the rate of incident cancer in a cohort of IBD patients with prior non-digestive malignancy, according to the subsequent treatment given.

Methods

A multicentre retrospective study included consecutive IBD patients with prior non-digestive malignancy. Inclusion date corresponded to the diagnosis of index malignancy. Patients were categorized into different cohorts according to the first treatment [none, conventional immunosuppressant, anti-TNF, or vedolizumab] to which they were exposed after inclusion and before incident cancer [recurrent or new cancer].

Results

Among the 538 patients {58% female; mean (standard deviation [SD]) age inclusion: 52 [15] years} analyzed, the most frequent malignancy was breast cancer [25%]. The first immunomodulator given after inclusion was a conventional immunosuppressant in 27% of patients, anti-TNF in 21%, or vedolizumab in 9%. With a median (interquartile range [IQR]) follow-up duration of 55 [23-100] months, 100 incident cancers were observed. Crude cancer incidence rates per 1000 person-years were 47.0 for patients receiving no immunomodulator, 36.6 in the anti-TNF cohort, and 33.6 in the vedolizumab cohort [p = 0.23]. Incident-cancer free survival rates were not different between patients receiving anti-TNF and those receiving vedolizumab [p = 0.56]. After adjustment, incidence rates were not different between patients receiving no immunomodulator, anti-TNF, or vedolizumab.

Conclusions

In this large multicentre cohort study, there was no difference of cancer incidence in those IBD patients with prior non-digestive malignancy, treated with vedolizumab or anti-TNF.
What We Talk About When We Talk About “Junk DNA”
Authors: Fagundes Nelson J.R. , Bisso-Machado Rafael , Figueiredo Pedro I.C.C. , Varal Maikel , Zani André L.S.
Published: May 2022

“Junk DNA” is a popular yet controversial concept that states that organisms carry in their genomes DNA that has no positive impact on their fitness. Nonetheless, biochemical functions have been identified for an increasing fraction of DNA elements traditionally seen as “Junk DNA”. These findings have been interpreted as fundamentally undermining the “Junk DNA” concept. Here, we reinforce previous arguments that this interpretation relies on an inadequate concept of biological function that does not consider the selected effect of a given genomic structure, which is central to the “Junk DNA” concept. Next, we suggest that another (though ignored) confounding factor is that the discussion about biological functions includes two different dimensions: a horizontal, ecological dimension that reflects how a given genomic element affects fitness in a specific time, and a vertical, temporal dimension that reflects how a given genomic element persisted along time. We suggest that “Junk DNA” should be used exclusively relative to the horizontal dimension, while for the vertical dimension, we propose a new term, “Spam DNA”, that reflects the fact that a given genomic element may persist in the genome even if not selected for on their origin. Importantly, these concepts are complementary. An element can be both “Spam DNA” and “Junk DNA”, and “Spam DNA” can also be recruited to perform evolved biological functions, as illustrated in processes of exaptation or constructive neutral evolution.
Haploid and Sexual Selection Shape the Rate of Evolution of Genes across the Honey Bee (Apis melliferaL.) Genome
Authors: Slater Garett P. , Dapper Amy L. , Harpur Brock A.
Published: May 2022

Many species have separate haploid and diploid phases. Theory predicts that each phase should experience the effects of evolutionary forces (like selection) differently. In the haploid phase, all fitness-affecting alleles are exposed to selection, whereas in the diploid phase, those same alleles can be masked by homologous alleles. This predicts that selection acting on genes expressed in haploids should be more effective than diploid-biased genes. Unfortunately, in arrhenotokous species, this prediction can be confounded with the effects of sex-specific expression, as haploids are usually reproductive males. Theory posits that, when accounting for ploidal- and sex-specific expression, selection should be equally efficient on haploid- and diploid-biased genes relative to constitutive genes. Here, we used a multiomic approach in honey bees to quantify the evolutionary rates of haploid-biased genes and test the relative effects of sexual- and haploid-expression on molecular evolution. We found that 16% of the honey bee’s protein-coding genome is highly expressed in haploid tissue. When accounting for ploidy and sex, haploid- and diploid-biased genes evolve at a lower rate than expected, indicating that they experience strong negative selection. However, the rate of molecular evolution of haploid-biased genes was higher than diploid-based genes. Genes associated with sperm storage are a clear exception to this trend with evidence of strong positive selection. Our results provide an important empirical test of theory outlining how selection acts on genes expressed in arrhenotokous species. We propose the haploid life history stage affects genome-wide patterns of diversity and divergence because of both sexual and haploid selection.
In patients undergoing oesophagectomy does postoperative home enteral nutrition have any impact on nutritional status?
Authors: Li Xiaokun , Hu Jianrong , Zhou Jianfeng , Fang Pinhao , Yuan Yong
Published: May 2022

A best evidence topic in thoracic surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was ‘In patients undergoing oesophagectomy does postoperative home enteral nutrition have any impact on nutritional status?’ Altogether, 50 articles were found using the reported search, of which 5 studies represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. This consisted of 1 systematic review including a meta-analysis of 9 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 3 RCTs and 1 cohort study. Main outcomes included loss of body weight and body mass index (BMI), change of serum albumin, haemoglobin, total protein and prealbumin, rates of nutritional risk patients and score value of patient-generated subjective global assessment. The meta-analysis concluded that there were significant differences in the loss of body weight and BMI between 2 groups, with higher values observed in the HEN group than that in the control group. One RCT showed that patients receiving HEN had a significantly lower weight loss compared with the control group. However, in another RCT, there was no significant difference between 2 groups in the loss of weight and body BMI. The available evidence shows that patients receiving home enteral nutrition yielded a significantly better BMI and lower decrease in body weight than those without after surgical resection of oesophageal cancer. We conclude that HEN could serve as an effective intervention for patients undergoing oesophagectomy. Moreover, the optimal time for patients receiving HEN could be 4–8 weeks after discharge. Feeding via jejunostomy and nasointestinal tube are feasible and safety approaches for HEN.
SARS-CoV-2 Virus Dynamics in Recently Infected People—Data From a Household Transmission Study
Authors: Mellis Alexandra M , Meece Jennifer K , Halasa Natasha B , Chappell James D , McLean Huong Q , Grijalva Carlos G , Hanson Kayla E , Zhu Yuwei , Kim Ahra , Deyoe Jessica , Ivacic Lynn C , Reed Carrie , Talbot H Keipp , Rolfes Melissa A
Published: May 2022

We used daily real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results from 67 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a household transmission study, conducted April 2020–May 2021, to examine the trajectory of cycle threshold (Ct) values, an inverse correlate of viral RNA concentration. Ct values varied across RT-PCR platforms and by participant age. Specimens collected from children and adolescents had higher Ct values and adults aged ≥50 years showed lower Ct values than adults aged 18–49 years. Ct values were lower on days when participants reported experiencing symptoms, with the lowest Ct value occurring 2–6 days after symptom onset.
Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Severity on Long-term Events in United States Veterans Using the Veterans Affairs Severity Index for COVID-19 (VASIC)
Authors: Galloway Ashley , Park Yojin , Tanukonda Vidisha , Ho Yuk-Lam , Nguyen Xuan-Mai T , Maripuri Monika , Dey Andrew T , Gerlovin Hanna , Posner Daniel , Lynch Kristine E , Cai Tianxi , Luoh Shiuh-Wen , Whitbourne Stacey , Gagnon David R , Muralidhar Sumitra , Tsao Phillip S , Casas Juan P , Gaziano J Michael , Wilson Peter W F , Hung Adriana M , Cho Kelly
Published: May 2022

In this retrospective cohort study of 94 595 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2–positive cases, we developed and validated an algorithm to assess the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and long-term complications (stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism/deep vein thrombosis, heart failure, and mortality). COVID-19 severity was associated with a greater risk of experiencing a long-term complication 31–120 days postinfection. Most incident events occurred 31–60 days postinfection and diminished after day 91, except heart failure for severe patients and death for moderate patients, which peaked on days 91–120. Understanding the differential impact of COVID-19 severity on long-term events provides insight into possible intervention modalities and critical prevention strategies.
Two Concepts of Groove: Musical Nuances, Rhythm, and Genre
Authors: Malone Evan
Published: May 2022

Groove, as a musical quality, is an important part of jazz and pop music appreciative practices. Groove talk is widespread among musicians and audiences, and considerable importance is placed on generating and appreciating grooves in music. However, musicians, musicologists, and audiences use groove attributions in a variety of ways that do not track one consistent underlying concept. I argue that there at least two distinct concepts of groove. On one account, the groove is “the feel of the music” and, on the other, the groove is the psychological feeling (induced by music) of wanting to move one’s body. Further, I argue that recent work in music psychology shows that these two concepts do not converge on a unified set of musical features. Finally, I also argue that these two concepts play different functional roles in the appreciative practices of jazz and popular music. This should cause us to further consider the mediating role genre plays for aesthetic concepts and provides us with a reason for adopting a more communitarian approach to aesthetics that is attentive to the ways in which aesthetic discourse serves the practices of different audiences.
Development and Validation of a Quantitative Method for Multiple Allergen Detection in Food Using Concatemer-Based Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Gavage Maxime , Van Vlierberghe Kaatje , Dieu Marc , Renard Patsy , Arnould Thierry , De Loose Marc , Gevaert Kris , Gillard Nathalie , Van Poucke Christof
Published: May 2022

Background

Accurate food labeling is essential to protect allergic consumers. However, allergen contaminations may occur during the whole food production process. Reliable, sensitive, and robust methods for detecting multiple allergens in food are needed.

Objective

This work aims to develop and validate an LC coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method for the detection and quantification of hazelnuts, peanuts, milk, and eggs in processed food products.

Methods

In-house-produced incurred test materials, cookies and chocolates, were used for the method development and validation. The quantification was based on the standard addition strategy using qualified reference materials as allergen protein standards and an innovative stable isotope-labeled concatemer as an internal standard.

Results

A method targeting 19 allergen-specific peptides was developed and validated in two laboratories, which strengthens its robustness. The AOAC INTERNATIONAL performance requirements for repeatability, intermediate precision, reproducibility, and recovery were reached for at least one peptide per allergen across both matrixes, and quantification limits complied with the action levels of the Food Industry Guide to the Voluntary Incidental Trace Allergen Labelling (VITAL®) Program Version 3.0.

Conclusion

The combination of incurred test materials, standard addition strategy, and stable isotope-labeled concatemer as an internal standard allowed us to develop and validate a robust method for detecting and quantifying multiple allergens in food with sufficient sensitivity to protect allergic consumers.

Highlights

The combination of characterized incurred test material, calibration with certified reference material, a single stable isotope labelled concatemer and cross-lab validation result in the required standardization and harmonization in food allergen detection according to the stakeholders’ group to assess the robustness of our method.
Activated Carbon-Based Immunochromatographic Strip Test for the Rapid Qualitative Analysis of Swertiamarin and Sweroside
Authors: Nuntawong Poomraphie , Horikawa Taiki , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Morimoto Satoshi , Sakamoto Seiichi
Published: May 2022

Background

Swertia japonica (S. japonica) is a medicinal plant that belongs to the Gentianaceae family. Several reports confirm the biological effects of the S. japonica extract. This plant is used mainly as a digestive stimulant, appetite stimulant, and gastrointestinal disease remedy in Japan. Secoiridoid glycosides are a group of compounds related to the beneficial effects of this plant.

Objective

We developed an immunochromatographic strip test for major secoiridoid glycosides, such as swertiamarin (SM) and sweroside (SS) detection.

Methods

We fabricated an immunoprobe using activated carbon as a reporter molecule and a monoclonal antibody against SM and SS (MAb D2) as a detection molecule. The test and control zones of the strip test contained SM-cBSA and Goat pAb anti-mouse IgM HRP conjugate, respectively. The immunoprobe reacted competitively with free SM and/or SS and immobilized SM-cBSA. The results were read and interpreted by the black spot intensity in the test zone.

Results

We succeeded in developing a strip test system with a detection limit (LOD) of 12.5 µg/mL. The selectivity and reliability evaluation revealed that the strip test is suitable for detecting SM and SS in S. japonica. The result was ready to be read in 30 min.

Conclusions

This method can be a useful tool for the screening of biologically active S. japonica samples for further preparation of traditional medicine.

Highlights

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first immunochromatographic strip test developed for the detection of SM and SS in S. japonica samples.