bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis (Bti) larvicide sprayed using drones for bio-control of malaria vectors in rice fields of Kigali Sub-Urban, Rwanda
Authors: Munyakanage Dunia , Niyituma Elias , Mutabazi Alphonse , Misago Xavier , Musanabaganwa Clarisse , Remera Eric , Rutayisire² Eric , Mamy² Ingabire Muziga , Majambere Silas , Mbituyumuremyi Aimable , Ngugi Mathew Piero , Kokwaro Elizabeth , Hakizimana Emmanuel , Muvunyi Claude Mambo
Published: April 2024

Background
The core vector control tools used to prevent malaria infection are currently long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs), and the indoor residual spraying (IRS). These indoor methods are threatened by insecticide resistance and behavioral adaptation by malaria vectors. Thus, for effective interruption of malaria transmission, there is a need to experiment further vector control interventions and technologies to address the above vector control challenges. Larviciding using drones-based technologies were experimented as innovative tools that could supplement existing indoor base interventions to control malaria.
Methods
A non-randomized larviciding trial with control was carried out in irrigated rice fields, in sub-urban of Kigali City, Rwanda. The potential mosquito larval habitats in study sites were prior mapped and subsequently sprayed using multirotor drones. The application of Bti (Vectobac® WDG) followed by the entomological surveys were performed every two weeks for ten months’ period. The sampling of mosquito larvae used the dipping method while adult mosquitoes were collected using CDC miniature light traps (CDC-LT) and pyrethrum spraying collection (PSC) methods, respectively. The malaria cases were routinely collected through community health workers in contingent villages to the study sites.
Results
The abundance of total mosquito larvae, Anopheles-specific larvae and pupae declined by 68.1%, 74.6% and 99.6% respectively. The larval density was reduced by 93.3% for total larvae, 95.3% for the Anopheleslarvae and 61.9% for pupae. The total adult mosquitoes and An. gambiae s.l collected using CDC-Light trap declined by 60.6% and 80% respectively. Malaria incidence also declined significantly between intervention and control sites (U=20, z=-2.268, p=0.023)
Conclusions
The larviciding using drone technology implemented in Rwanda demonstrated a substantial reduction in abundance and density of mosquito larvae and, concomitant decline in adult mosquito populations and malaria incidence in contingent villages to the treatment sites. The impact of PSC method on adult mosquitoes was not significant on adult culicines spp. The scaling up of larval source management (LSM) has to be integrated in malaria programs in targeted areas of malaria transmission in order to enhance the gains in malaria control.
Mental Health and Resilience of University Students in the United Arab Emirates: A Study on Migrant Students at RAK Medical and Health Sciences University
Authors: Salgado Arnel Bañaga , Salgado Jan Joseph Rainer Christorey Maria , Mathew Sandra Maria , Razak Aqsa Abdul , Hussain Shimna , Fatima Wafeeqa
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to investigate the mental health resilience of migrant students enrolled at RAK Medical and Health Sciences University (RAKMHSU) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The research analyzed the current status of mental health resilience among the students, identified the key factors contributing to mental health issues, explored the role of resilience in mitigating these challenges, and formulated evidence-based recommendations. These recommendations, with their practical implications, aim to enhance mental health and resilience, offering a hopeful outlook for the future and empowering the stakeholders to take effective actions. The researchers collected data from a diverse group of 206 migrant university students using two standardized instruments: the Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH-Scale) and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). The findings revealed a spectrum of resilience levels and brought forth a significant number of students demonstrating high positive mental health. On the BRS, 13 students (6.31%) showed low resilience, 190 students (92.23%) exhibited normal resilience, and three students (1.46%) displayed high resilience. On the PMH-Scale, 175 students (84.95%) obtained high scores, indicative of a positive mental health status, while 31 students (15.05%) scored low, suggesting potential challenges in mental well-being. These positive outcomes are a testament to the resilience and strength of our migrant student community, instilling hope for their future. The analysis of the sample data, conducted with robust statistical methods, revealed a meaningful and statistically significant positive correlation between PMHS-9 and BRS-6. This validation of the relationship between the two variables is crucial. The correlation coefficient (r) between PMHS-9 and BRS-6 was 0.188, indicating that as PMHS-9 increased, BRS-6 tended to increase, and vice versa. The p-value associated with the correlation coefficient was 0.007, suggesting a low probability of observing a correlation coefficient as extreme as 0.188 by chance alone. Therefore, the correlation between PMHS-9 and BRS-6 was statistically significant at the 0.01 level, further reinforcing the research findings. This research provides insights into mental health resilience in multicultural university settings. The results could help develop tailored support programs for migrant student populations.
Teachers Knowledge towards Autism Spectrum Disorder and its Associated Factor in Addis Ababa public schools, Ethiopia, 2024 Multicenter cross sectional study
Authors: Tsegaye Mizan , Menbere Fasil , Godie Yohannes , Kassaye Fikirte , Birhanu Dires , Assefa Teklu
Published: April 2024

Background
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder primarily impacting social communication and behavior. Preschool and primary school teachers have a vital role in identifying and supporting these children. However, the extent of teachers' knowledge about the disorder and their knowledge towards including children with ASD in their classrooms remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge towards including children with autism spectrum disorders in their classrooms, and associated factors among preschool and primary school teachers in public schools in Addis Ababa.
Methods and Materials
Data from preschool and primary school teachers were collected using a self-administered questionnaire between September 2023 and December 2023. The collected data were analyzed utilizing SPSS version 27. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize the findings, while bivariate binary logistic regression was utilized to examine associations between variables.
Results
The study findings revealed that only 35.5% of teachers had adequate knowledge, and the mean attitude score was 3.4, indicating a slight positive inclination towards inclusive education. Teachers between the ages of 20 and 25 had 90% lower knowledge compared to those above 40 years (AOR = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.48–0.7) with a p-value of 0.014. First to sixth-grade class teachers were 2.4 times more likely to have adequate knowledge (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.2–4.5) with a p-value of 0.007. Those who relied on social media as a knowledge source were 60% more likely to have knowledge compared to those who did not (AOR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.2–0.8) with a p-value of 0.013. Previous experience with a child who has special needs increased the likelihood of having adequate knowledge by 44% (AOR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.2–0.9) with a p-value of 0.04.
Conclusion and recommendation
The overall level of knowledge regarding ASD is inadequate; however, there is a positive tendency towards including students with ASD in regular classes. It is recommended to provide professional development programs, as well as develop guidelines and curriculum, to enhance teachers' knowledge.
Distinct patterns of satDNA distribution in spike-sedges (Eleocharis, Cyperaceae): evidence of repeat-based holocentromeres
Authors: Souza Thaíssa Boldieri , Parteka Letícia Maria , Kuo Yi-Tzu , Nascimento Thiago Henrique , Schubert Veit , Pedrosa-Harand Andrea , Marques André , Houben Andreas , Vanzela André Luís Laforga
Published: April 2024

Eleocharis R. Br. (Cyperaceae) species are known for having holocentric chromosomes, which enable rapid karyotype differentiation. Indeed, high intra- and interspecific variations in chromosome numbers and genome sizes are documented for different Eleocharis species, frequently accompanied by fluctuations in the repetitive DNA fraction. However, a lack of detailed analysis has hampered a better understanding of the interplay between holocentricity and repetitive DNA evolution in the genus. In this study, we confirmed the holocentricity of Eleocharis chromosomes by immunostaining against KNL1, histone H2AThr121ph and H3S10ph. We further studied the composition and chromosomal distribution of the main satellite DNA repeats found in five newly sequenced species. Five of the six satellites discovered were arranged in clusters, while EmaSAT14 was dispersed irregularly along the chromatid length in a line-like manner. This satDNA was accumulated exclusively by species belonging to the series Maculosae of the subgenus Eleocharis. The chromosomal distribution and genomic organization of EmaSAT14 suggest that it is a potential holocentromeric repeat. Our findings suggest that repeat-based holocentromeres are likely to evolve in a similar way across holocentric plants.
Sociodemographic characteristics on behavioural risk factors of noncommunicable diseases in adolescents in Luxembourg
Authors: Mendes Felipe , Ferreira Joana Lopes , Catunda Carolina
Published: April 2024

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for 89% of deaths in Luxembourg in 2019, aligning with Europe’s but exceeding the global average of 74%. Behaviours play a critical role in NCD management, with unhealthy lifestyles—like poor diets, physical inactivity, tobacco, and alcohol consuptiom—posing significant risks, specially when combined. The preent study aims to explore socio-demographic characteristics of adolescents presenting behavioural risk for NCDs in Luxembourg.
Methods: A representative sample of 8117 adolescents (11-to-18-years-old) took part in the 2022 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Luxembourg survey. We measured physical inactivity, daily sugar consumption, cigarette and alcohol use, and their combination (1, 2 or 3≥ risks). The sociodemographic characteristics investigated were sex, age, migration status, family structure and perceived wealth. Binomial logistic regression crude and adjusted were performed with socio-demographic characteristics for each risk behaviour. In addition, multinomial logistic regression crude and adjusted were used to analyse the association between the combination of risk behaviours and the sociodemographic information of the adolescents in Luxembourg.
Results: Girls had higher odds of physical inactivity (OR=2.06) than boys, and older age groups exhibited elevated odds of physical inactivity (OR=2.99), cigarette (OR=25.00), and alcohol use (OR=35.56). Migration status emerged as a protective factor against alcohol consumption (parents' migration OR=0.60; self-immigrated OR=0.45) but a risk factor for physical inactivity (parents' migration OR=1.50; self-immigrated OR=1.72). Adolescents who did not live with both parents were more likely to be physically inactive (OR=1.37), consume sugar daily (OR=1.33), smoke cigarettes (OR=1.26) and consume alcohol (OR=1.80). Adolescents that reported their families were not well off had higher odds to be physically inactive (OR=2.12) and to consume sugar daily (OR=1.39). The simultaneity of risk behaviours reveals a worrying trend of increasing risk with age, highlighting the need for preventive interventions throughout adolescence. Besides that, the results in relation to family structure and perceived wealth highlights the complexity and interrelationship of these factors in adolescent behavioural health.
Conclusions: Therefore, the study provides guidance to create more effective interventions aiming to promote healthy behaviours in adolescents.
Modulation of the Immunological Milieu in Acute Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Potential Role of Monocytes Through CXCL10 Secretion
Authors: Sanchez Sebastian , Chimenti Michael S , Lu Yongjun , Sagues Elena , Gudino Andres , Dier Carlos , Hasan David , Samaniego Edgar A.
Published: April 2024

Introduction
Emerging evidence indicates that aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) elicits a response from both innate and adaptive immune systems. An upregulation of CD8 + CD161 + cells has been observed after aSAH, yet the precise role of these cells in the context of aSAH is yet to be elucidated.
Methods
CSF samples from patients aSAH and non-aneurysmal SAH (naSAH) were analyzed. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) was performed on CD8 + CD161 + sorted samples from aSAH patients. Cell populations were identified using “clustering”. Gene expression levels of ten previously described genes involved in inflammation were quantified from aSAH and naSAH samples using RT-qPCR. The study focused on the following genes: CCL5, CCL7, APOE, SPP1, CXCL8, CXCL10, HMOX1, LTB, MAL, and HLA-DRB1.
Results
Genes clustering analysis revealed that monocytes, NK cells, and T cells expressed CD8 + CD161 + in the CSF of patients with aSAH. In comparison to naSAH samples, aSAH samples exhibited higher mRNA levels of CXCL10 (median, IQR = 90, 16–149 vs 0.5, 0-6.75, p = 0.02). A trend towards higher HMOX1 levels was also observed in aSAH (median, IQR = 12.6, 9-17.6 vs 2.55, 1.68–5.7, p = 0.076). Specifically, CXCL10 and HMOX1 were expressed by the monocyte subpopulation.
conclusion
Monocytes, NK cells and T cells can potentially expressed CD8 + CD161 + in patients with aSAH. Notably, monocytes show high levels CXCL10. The elevated expression of CXCL10 in aSAH compared to non-aneurysmal SAH naSAH indicates its potential significance as a target for future studies.
Power And Cost Improvement For The Energy Management System Of Microgrid By Using Renewable Energy Resources
Authors: Fayyaz Kaynat , Raza Safdar , Hayyat Ahmad
Published: April 2024

Given the rapid urbanization and rising energy consumption, RESs are a great choice for microgrid power. When incorporating renewable energy sources (RESs) into microgrid topologies, efficient energy management continues to be a major challenge. The best way to assure expert energy management is to optimize power generation and cost distribution among the variety of units that are readily available to perfectly match the load. The purpose of this learning is to present a study and affordable method known as the Cost-effective Multi-Verse Optimizer (CMVO). This cutting-edge strategy was created expressly to address the current complicated optimization situation. The study seeks to offer a practical and affordable response to this complexity by deploying CMVO. The fundamental idea of CMVO is the focus on fairly distributing produced electricity among the many sources inside the microgrid, which results in a significant decrease in costs. MATLAB and SIMULINK were used to perform this optimization. The findings demonstrate that the suggested strategy is successful in delivering cost reductions and supply stability.
Genome-wide identification of CaWD40 proteins reveal a novel complex (CaAN1-CaDYT1-CaWD40-91) involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and genic male sterility in pepper (Capsicum annuum)
Authors: Tang Peng , Huang Jingcai , Wang Jin , Wang Meiqi , Huang Qing , Pan Luzhao , Liu Feng
Published: April 2024

Background
The WD40 domain, as one of the most abundant domains in eukaryotic genomes, is involved in diverse aspects of plant growth and development, secondary metabolic biosynthesis, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. To date, WD40 repeat (WD40) protein has been systematically studied in several model plants, but has not been reported in the pepper genome.
Results
In this paper, 269, 237, and 257 CaWD40 genes were identified in the Zunla, CM334 and Zhangshugang genome, respectively. Then, the CaWD40 sequences from the Zunla genome were selected for subsequent analysis, including chromosomal localization, phylogenetic relationships, sequence characteristics, motif compositions, and expression profile. Moreover, the CaWD40 proteins were unevenly distributed on 12 chromosomes, contained 19 tandem duplicate gene pairs. The 269 CaWD40s could be distinguished into six branches ( A to F), and they have 17 different types of domain distribution. The CaWD40 gene family exhibited diverse expression patterns, and several genes were specifically expressed in flowers and seeds. Finally, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and dual-luciferase assay indicated that CaWD40-91 could interact with CaAN1 and CaDYT1, which may be involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and male sterility in pepper.
Conclusions
Overall, we have systematacially characterized phylogeny, classification, structure, expression of the CaWD40 gene family in pepper. Our findings provide a valuable foundation for further investigation on the function of WD40 genes in pepper.
Toxoplasmosis: Sperm parameters and testosterone levels in men
Authors: Matini Mohammad , Hosseini Ali , Bahmanzadeh Maryam , Foroughi-Parvar Faeze
Published: April 2024

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that infects more than a third of the world's population. This parasitic protozoan can be replaced in different parts of the female and male reproductive system. Toxoplasmosis has caused changes in the function of sperm, testes, epididymis and prostate, in experimental models. Human studies have investigated the frequency of anti-T.gondii antibodies mostly in the female population, and there is little information about the relationship between this infection and sperm factors and testosterone. This cross sectional study involved 197 male volunteers who referred to the Fertility and Infertility Research Centre of Hamadan, Hamadan, Iran, from April to December 2023. Sera and semen were collected. ELISA test was performed to detect IgG and IgM antibodies in sera. Semen analysis was carried out based on WHO guidelines. The frequency for anti-T. gondii IgG antibody was detected 48% (95 out of 197). Three percent of participants had anti-T.gondii IgM. The highest level of T. gondii IgG antibodies was observed in the age range of 36 to 40. (p < 0.001). The participants with defects in spermatozoids including abnormal morphology and non-progressive sperms had higher percentage of antibodies against T.gondii (49.1%). Testosterone on average showed normal diversity 540 ng/dl. Fifty one point five percent, 48.5%, 52% and 100% of rural, self-employed, smokers and pet-(cat) keeper participants were positive for toxoplasmosis respectively. Although no significant relationship was observed between any other factors except age and toxoplasmosis, it seems that the high frequency of anti-T.gondii IgG in this group of men who have infertility problems confirmed the parasite as not a main factor but a side factor with the production of pro-inflammatory substances as wells as cytokines which can lead to infertility and dysfunction of sperms.
The vital role of good governance in a public health crisis: the case of managing access to medicines in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hosseini Fatemehsadat , Hajimiri Seyed Hossein , Kebriaeezadeh Abbas , Takian Amirhossein
Published: April 2024

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the vital role of good governance in managing public health crises, particularly in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) that faced considerable difficulties exacerbated by pre-existing vulnerabilities in their healthcare systems. The virus spread rapidly, affecting billions of citizens worldwide and revealing the interdependence of health and economic stability.
Methods We conducted a qualitative study focusing on access to medicines to investigate the challenges faced by the healthcare system during the pandemic in Iran. Through the lenses of good governance, we conducted a virtual Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with 10 purposefully identified experts representing diverse stakeholders in January 2022. We analyzed data through a deductive approach, facilitated by MAXQDA 20 software.
Results Our analysis revealed significant challenges in various aspects of the healthcare system in Iran, including infrastructure, financing, governance, regulation, access, and quality. Two main themes emerged: "Good Governance" and "Access." We identified eight subthemes under good governance, highlighting issues such as effectiveness and efficiency, transparency, accountability, and stakeholder collaboration. Additionally, under access, we identified four subthemes defined as accessibility, affordability, acceptability, and availability.
Conclusion Our findings revealed the critical role of good governance in response to crisis and highlighted areas for improvement in Iran's healthcare system. Despite challenges, the centralized healthcare system demonstrated agility in responding to medicine shortages during the pandemic. Yet, deviations from official protocols and insufficient evidence-based decision-making remain significant concerns. Lessons learned from Iran's experiences would offer, we envisage valuable insights for strengthening healthcare systems, improving governance, and increasing healthcare access globally, emphasizing stakeholder collaboration in crisis management.
Proteomic analysis reveals the difference between young and old sperm in Sus Scrofa
Authors: Fan Shuhao , Xie Fan , Wang Qianqian , Ye Haibo , Tian Yali , Liu Yangguang , Zhang Huibin , Zheng Xianrui , Yin Zongjun , Zhang Xiaodong
Published: April 2024

Background: The Wannan black pig is a superior local breed in Anhui province, renowned for its exceptional meat quality and remarkable adaptability to various environmental conditions. Semen, being a crucial indicator of male sexual maturity and fertility, significantly influences the performance of breeding boars. The molecular basis for comprehending the fecundity of boars in practical production lies in understanding the disparities in sperm proteins among boars of varying ages. In this investigation, sperm from three one-year-old and three seven-year-old Wannan black pigs were individually chosen.
Results:Employing a Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics approach, a total of 4050 proteins were identified, out of which 130 proteins exhibited significant differences between the two groups. GO enrichment analysis revealed that these proteins primarily participated in energy metabolism, spermatogenesis, fertilization, and reproduction. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated that the differential proteins predominantly resided within the ribosome pathway. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify core proteins such as RPS5. Ultimately, parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) was conducted on the selected differential proteins to validate result accuracy.
Conclusions: The findings of this study establish a foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying variations in sperm protein levels among Wannan Black Pig with different age.
Impact of Ions, pH, and the Nature of Substrate on the Structure and Activity of a Robust Single-Stranded DNA Binding (SSB)-Like Protein from Phi11.
Authors: Ratre Vivek , Biswas Malabika
Published: April 2024

The gene gp13 in bacteriophage Phi11 has been annotated as SSB protein (GenBank accession no. NC_004615.1). Single-stranded DNA intermediates are protected from nuclease degradation by SSB proteins which bind to them. The importance of SSB proteins in the DNA metabolic processes cannot be undermined. In this investigation, we have reported a systematic analysis of the structural and functional changes induced in rGp13(the gene product of gp13) by several factors, such as metal ions and buffers of varying pH. The nature and length of the substrate required for the optimum function of rGp13 has also been investigated. Our results suggest that rGp13 is a robust protein which maintains its structure and function over a wide range of pH, with pH 4 being an exception. The monovalent cations used in this study seemed to have a stabilizing effect on the protein. Interestingly, among the divalent cations studied, only Zn2+ ions were found to completely destabilise rGp13, with a complete loss of the α-helical and parallel β-sheet content of the protein. This, in turn, totally abolished the DNA binding activity of rGp13. Another interesting observation from this study was that rGP13 could also bind to double-stranded DNA molecules. In summary, SSBs bind to dsDNA, ensuring genome integrity, protecting ssDNA, and impacting transcriptional processes. These crucial functions highlight their significance in maintaining cellular stability.
Itmbieasf : Adpative Pulmonary Disease Detection by Integrating Tuned Mobilenetv2 With Bi-histogram Equalization and Adaptive Sigmoid Functions
Authors: Narayana J. Lakshmi , Thaile Manyam , Khan Mudassir , Babu J. Chinna , Kiran Ajmeera
Published: April 2024

Pulmonary disease is a category of diseases affecting the lungs and other parts of the respiratory system. The respiratory system exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the air. Pulmonary diseases are also known for spreading. Some of them are COVID and tuberculosis, which are not identified early. Identifying those harmful diseases can initially stop the spreading of the disease in the affected areas. Previous techniques use the x-rays as the determination of the diseases, i.e., contrast stretching & equalizing the histogram. In contrast, stretching results will be based on the image pixel quality, and the subtle of the image has a huge loss. This issue is because of the borders that image intensity has in the actual image. The histogram equalization overcomes those issues. At the same time, the data has been preserved with loss of spatial data, which are not held; the requirement is local edges. However, pulmonary diseases have compound patterns, and different images of X-rays & scans are included. Considering the above issues, the proposed method has considered those challenging. For predicting the images, neural networks are the best-analyzing technique in those CNNs, which have high efficiency and performance. CNN can solve complex patterns and understand the several stages of features. The proposed methods have included three main phases, i.e., grading the pre-processing, segmentation of images, & classification approaches. Each processing stage consists of a particular technique for efficient detection. In pre-processing Bi-Histogram Equalization through Adaptive Sigmoid Function, for segmentation, a tuned U-Net is used for accurate results, and in the final classification, tuned MobileNetV2 was utilized for proper disease identification. The main issues in the medical images are low latency and real-time diagnostics. Tuning the TL model decreases the inference time, quick detections, and accurate hand-device predictions. Similarities are encountered in particular spaces by adjusting the approach and identifying different characters in the medical images. Therefore, it can illustrate the quality of the image, the stage of the patient, & which category the patient belongs to.
Probability Function among Investors using Prospect Theory
Authors: Almualim Anwar , Shafqat Ramsha
Published: April 2024

In this study, we test an investor's market behavior using probability functions. Furthermore, by establishing a consistent mean-variance model based on compound independent axioms with a unique certainty equivalency C = u −1 (E(u(X)], we present an alternate strategy to solve cooperative investment in a dynamic manner for mean-variance utility function. As a result, an explicit formula based on the exponential utility function over the normal distribution is established to approximate the certainty equivalent for each investor corresponding to the mean-variance utility function. Furthermore, we dene how alternative decision-making theories, like prospect theory, can be applied to solve cooperative investment schemes by taking investors' preferences into account as a function of choice, and we make the assumption that weight does not always have to coincide with probability. Therefore, Prospect Theory (PT) argues that decision weights have a tendency to underweight moderate and high probabilities and overweight small ones. Furthermore, the Prospect Theory Approach can be used to make investors' perceptions of risk consistent with logical decision-making through the use of suitable modeling. Additionally, a numerical experiment using S&P100 data is displayed.
Design of MIMO 5G Antenna using Characteristic Modes and Defected Ground Structure
Authors: K Boobalan , Sabapathi T. , S. Abish V.
Published: April 2024

In 5G MIMO smartphone antennas, a novel technique combines twin CMs and DGS for good isolation and wideband operation. For lower frequencies, it uses orthogonal CMs resonating from a square-loop slot; for higher frequencies, it uses a shared radiator. As a result, external decoupling structures are no longer necessary. An artificial 8 × 8 MIMO array that fits within the back cover of the smartphone exhibits over 20 dB isolation in the 3.3–3.8 GHz region, which is necessary for effective data transmission. This strategy guarantees 5G smartphone applications operate at peak efficiency.
Germ Cell Depletion using HSV1-TK in Mouse Testes
Authors: Watanabe Toshiaki , Dollet Constance , Shindo Miyuki , Takahashi Shun , Kuramochi-Miyagawa Satomi , Eto Tomoo
Published: April 2024

Germ cell transplantation is useful for the study of male germ cells and the generation of genetically modified animals. For transplantation, germ cell-free hosts generated using anticancer drug treatment, irradiation exposure, or genetic mutation are required. In this study, we aimed to develop a new system for germ cell depletion, more in compliance with the “3R” principles. For this purpose, we generated knock-in mice expressing a subtype of the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV-TK30), reported to not induce infertility, unlike the original HSV-TK gene. Ganciclovir injection resulted in nearly complete abrogation of spermatogenesis. Furthermore, transplanted spermatogonial stem cells were differentiated into sperm in the host testes, and they gave rise to offspring. Therefore, the mice developed in this study enable the efficient removal of germ cells for germ cell transplantation in a manner more compliant with the 3R principles.
Contribution of ruderal herbaceous vegetation to supporting services in Mediterranean urban greenspaces
Authors: Torija Miriam G. , Quintana José Ramón , Pino-Bodas Raquel , Molina José Antonio
Published: April 2024

In the current global context of increasing urbanization, urban greenspaces are expected to play a key role in supporting ecosystem services. Spontaneous ruderal vegetation has an important function in urban greenspaces, but more in-depth studies are needed to increase our knowledge of its contribution to providing supporting ecosystem services. We aimed to uncover the contribution to biodiversity maintenance, primary production and nutrient cycling of four selected plant communities that are widely distributed in Mediterranean urban greenspaces, namely the perennial herb communities of Malva spp., roadside vegetation with Diplotaxis virgata, annual grasslands of Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum and perennial grasslands of Dactylis glomerata. We determined the floristic composition, species richness, species density, abundance, alpha diversity (Shannon index, Simpson index), beta diversity (Sørensen coefficient), plant species cover, cover of growth forms and cover of functional groups. Macronutrient content was analysed in the leaves and roots of six plant species corresponding to the faithful taxa of each vegetation type. We used the generalized linear model to relate vegetation type to compositional and structural features supporting ecosystem services. Our results showed that Mediterranean urban greenspaces have a high plant biodiversity. Roadside vegetation had the highest species richness and alpha diversity, with a high cover of a S-accumulator plants (Diplotaxis virgata) showing a high N content in their leaves. Annual grasslands had the highest abundance and cover of silica-accumulator plants. The greatest floristic similarity was found between roadside communities and annual grasslands. Primary production was high in perennial herbs of Malva species, which are rich in mucilage and leaf N content. Dactylis glomerata, the dominant species in perennial grasslands, showed a higher C content in leaves, so this vegetation type can be expected to make a higher contribution to C cycling. We conclude that ruderal vegetation provides a range of supporting ecosystem services according to the community type, which should be considered in the conservation and management of Mediterranean urban greenspaces.
Variations in self-reported mental health in low-income urban areas during COVID-19: Insights from South Africa
Authors: Gangaidzo Trust , Everatt David , Delport Rhena , Maposa Innocent , Goudge Jane
Published: April 2024

Many studies have reported poor mental health coinciding with lockdowns and experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The harshest lockdowns tended to happen in cities, and yet differing urban forms are likely to have mediated their effects. South Africa, characterised by varying urban forms, had high levels of poor mental health pre-pandemic, and yet experienced one of the toughest lockdowns. We explored the differences in the prevalence of, and the factors associated with, self-reported changes in mental health, in socio-economically complex and heterogenous urban areas in South Africa, to understand how urban form may have mediated the effects of the pandemic. We specifically looked at Atteridgeville, an old formal township; Melusi, a newer, and less dense informal settlement; and Hillbrow, a long-standing and deteriorating high-rise high-density formal area in central Johannesburg. We used cross-sectional data from 1332 respondents who participated in GRT-INSPIRED’s face-to-face interviews from March to October 2021. Weighted logistic regression models were used to determine the relationships between socioeconomic and demographic variables with self-reported mental health during the pandemic. We found that being from Melusi, the informal location, as compared to being from Hillbrow, the inner-city location, was associated with increased odds of worsening mental health during the pandemic. It was also only in Melusi where receiving a government grant had a protective effect against worsening mental health. Interestingly, we also found that the factors that are associated with worsening mental health are not the inverse of the factors that improve mental health. The differences in the effects of explanatory variables by location suggest that the effects of COVID-19 on mental health may have been mediated through urban form as well as socioeconomic factors such as social networks. This study provided both the factors that can be targeted to prevent poor mental health and to sustain good mental health.
Risk of Arboviral Transmission and Insecticide Resistance Status of Aedes Mosquitoes during a Yellow Fever Outbreak in Ghana
Authors: Owusu-Akyaw Margaret , Owusu-Asenso Christopher Mfum , Abdulai Anisa , Mohammed Abdul Rahim , Sr Isaac Kwame , Boadu Emmanuel Nana , Aduhene Evans , Attah Simon Kwaku , Afrane Yaw Asare
Published: April 2024

Background
In late 2021, Ghana was hit by a Yellow Fever outbreak that started in two (2) districts in the Savannah region and spread to several other Districts in (3) regions (Oti, Bono and Upper West).
Yellow fever is endemic in Ghana. However, there is currently no structured vector control programme for the yellow vector, Aedes mosquitoes in Ghana. Knowledge of Aedes bionomics and insecticide susceptibility status is important to control the vectors. This study therefore sought todetermine Aedes vector bionomics and their insecticide resistance status during a yellow fever outbreak.
Methods
The study was performed in two yellow fever outbreak sites (Wenchi, Larabanga) and two non-outbreak sites (Kpalsogu, Pagaza) in Ghana. Immature Aedes mosquitoes were sampled from water-holding containers in and around human habitations. The risk of disease transmission was determined in each site using stegomyia indices. Adult Aedes mosquitoes were sampled using Biogents Sentinel (BG) traps, Human Landing Catch (HLC), and Prokopack (PPK) aspirators. Phenotypic resistance was determined with WHO susceptibility tests using Aedes mosquitoes collected as larvae and reared into adults. Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations were detected using allele-specific multiplex PCR.
Results
Of the 2,664 immature Aedes sampled, more than 60% were found in car tyres. Larabanga, an outbreak site, was classified as a high-risk zone for the Yellow Fever outbreak (BI: 84%, CI: 26.4%). Out of 1,507 adult Aedes mosquitoes collected, Aedes aegypti was the predominant vector species (92%). A significantly high abundance of Aedes mosquitoes was observed during the dry season (61.2%) and outdoors (60.6%) (P < 0.001). Moderate to high resistance to deltamethrin was observed in all sites (33.75% to 70%). Moderate resistance to pirimiphos-methyl (65%) was observed in Kpalsogu. Aedesmosquitoes from Larabanga were susceptible (98%) to permethrin. The F1534C kdr, V1016I kdr and V410 kdr alleles were present in all the sites with frequencies between (0.05-0.92). The outbreak sites had significantly higher allele frequencies of F1534C and V1016I respectively compared to non-outbreak sites (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
This study indicates that Aedes mosquitoes in Ghana pose a significant risk to public health, and there is a need for continuous surveillance to inform effective vector control strategies.
Whiskers in the city: Domestic cat predation in Ecuadorian coastal cities and associated factors
Authors: Panchana Kevin , Herrera Ileana , Vargas Anahí , Mella-Méndez Isac , Flores-Peredo Rafael
Published: April 2024

Domestic cats pose a latent threat to wildlife in natural and urban ecosystems. Both intrinsic (age, weight, sterilization status, etc.) and extrinsic factors (night confinement, interaction time with owners at home, etc.) can influence the number of prey items caught by cats. We address the fauna predation by domestic cats in three cities on the coast of Ecuador. Two objectives were established: (i) determine the richness, composition, abundance, and conservation status of the prey captured by domestic cats, and (ii) identify the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence the quantity of prey captured. A citizen science approach was employed to gather information about wildlife species caught and brought home by 100 cats in 50 households between March and October 2023. Cats captured 132 prey items, of which 53.8% were invertebrates, 27.3% reptiles, 8.3% birds, 6.8% mammals, and 3.8% amphibians. These prey items belonged to 53 taxa, 56.6% native and 15.1% non-native. Non-native reptiles Hemidactylus sp. and Anolis sagrei were the most frequently captured taxa, and ten native taxa were among the most commonly captured, particularly odonates. This is the first study to register predation of cats on amphibians in northwestern South America. The capture by cats of Coniophanes dromiciformis, a vulnerable and probably endemic snake, is noteworthy. Three factors—age, nocturnal confinement, and the presence of toys in their homes—were the most important factors that contributed to predation events. We recommend these factors be considered to reduce the impacts by owned cats on wildlife.
De Novo Synthesis of α-Ketoamides via Pd/TBD Synergistic Catalysis
Authors: Han Wen-Yong , Chen Jia-He , Zhang Li-Ren , Wang Zhang-Yang , Liu Lu-Jie , Tu Li-Ping , Zhang Yun , Chen Yong-Zheng
Published: April 2024

Precise control on the product selectivity of a reaction is an important objective in organic synthesis. α-ketoamides are vital intermediates in chemical transformation and privileged motifs in numerous drugs, natural products and biologically active molecules. The selective synthesis of α-ketoamides from feedstock chemicals in a safe and operationally simple manner under mild conditions is a long-standing challenge in catalysis. Herein we disclose an unprecedented TBD-switched Pd-catalyzed double isocyanide insertion reaction of (hetero)aryl halides or pseudohalides for the assembly α-ketoamides in aqueous DMSO under mild conditions. The effectiveness and utility of this protocol are demonstrated by diverse substrate scope (85 examples), late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals, scalability in large-scale synthesis, transformations of functional groups, as well as the synthesis of pharmaceutically active molecules. Mechanistic studies indicate that TBD is a key ligand to modulate the Pd-catalyzed double isocyanide insertion process, thus selectively providing the desired α-ketoamides in a unique manner. In addition, imidoylpalladium(II) complex and α-ketoimine amide are successfully isolated and determined by X-ray analysis, proving them the probable intermediates in the catalytic pathway.
Association between Anthropometric indices and cardiovascular disease: A cross-sectional based on Rafsanjan Cohort study
Authors: Ayoobi fatemeh , Abbaszadeh Faezeh , Khalili Parvin , Jamali Zahra , Esmaeili-Nadimi Ali , Sadeghi Tabandeh , Lotfi Mohammad Amin , Vakilian Alireza
Published: April 2024

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality related to the heart and brain in the population. Abnormal anthropometric indicators have become a common health problem all over the world. This study aimed to assess the association between anthropometric indices and CVD.
Methods: Our descriptive study was done on 9934 adult participants aged 35-70 years old of the Rafsanjan based on the Rafsanjan cohort study (RCS), as part of the Prospective epidemiological research studies in Iran (PERSIAN). The CVD (coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke) of RCS cases were studied according to their anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, waist, hip and wrist circumferences, waist-to-hip (WHR), and waist-to-height ratios (WHtR)). The analysis was based on logistic regression and three crude and adjusted models. The data were analyzed using STATA software version 14.
Results: The odds of stroke increased in participants who were in the 4th quartile of WHR and increased 2 times in participants with quartile 4 of WHtR in the adjusted model. There was a significant association between the increased risk of CVD with BMI ≥ 30, abnormal WC, quartiles 3 and 4 of WHR, and 4 of WHtR after adjusting confounding variables. Only quartile 4 of WHR remained significant and increased the odds of CVD. All risk factors of CVD (Dyslipidemia, LDL, HDL, TG and Cholesterol) were linked to anthropometric indices, and the increase in each of the anthropometric indices increases the odds of the risk of risk factors for CVD. The dose-response increase was seen with the highest ORs in the fourth quartile for anthropometric indices.
Conclusions: According to the results obtained from this study, WHR and WHtR could be the predictors of CVD risk compared to other indicators and the control of these indicators using diet and exercise is suggested.
Enhancing Mobility Robustness and Load Balancing in Networks Using a Modified Deep CNN-BiLSTM Model with Attention Mechanism
Authors: Mohan Divya , Mary A. Geetha
Published: April 2024

Mobile data transmission between nodes and well-known data services is always evolving, and these services offer a variety of communication endurance. Simultaneously, the 4G standards aim to address these services from the outset, recognizing that improving mobility resilience is necessary to achieve performance objectives in these challenging situations. Redefining new devices to meet the low latency and high-performance reliability requirements of mobile devices is essential. Ongoing advancements in mobile data transmission and services underscore the need for constant progress, emphasizing the crucial role of mobility robustness (MR) in optimizing handover-related parameters and enhancing user mobility performance. MR involves automated optimization in active and idle modes, ensuring optimal performance and end-user quality by considering attributes such as load balancing and neighbour relations. The handover procedure in the networking mechanism provides a transition to the base and the destination cell. This is followed by the load balancing (LB) technique, considered vital in the networking domain and used to analyze the energy-efficient path in the data or the node transfer from the base to the destination node. To find the best optimal energy-efficient path, they are classified using the DL techniques by implementing the modified Deep CNN-BiLSTM mechanism for organizing handover or the load balance technique for effective data transfer. The main reason for using DL techniques in this proposed method is to make the handoff of load-balancing techniques stand out and be organized for better node transfer mechanisms. This proposed method provides a low latency of 3.2s and an accuracy of 99.96% compared to existing methods.
Multi-objective shape optimization of a cementless femoral stem using the MOPSO algorithm
Authors: Yazdi Mohammad Ali , Kazemirad Siavash
Published: April 2024

The geometrical shape of the femoral component of hip implants plays a key role in the long-term survivorship of hip implants. The aim of this study was to propose a multi-objective shape optimization procedure using the MOPSO algorithm with three shape-dependent failure mechanisms of hip implants as objective functions including the stress shielding, initial relative micro-motion, and bone-implant interface stress. The Taperloc® Complete femoral stem was selected and its reference geometry was defined with sixty-seven variables. Ten new stem shapes were produced as the swarm members by randomly changing the values of the variables. The values of the three objectives for each stem shape were calculated by the finite element analysis and the position of each swarm member was updated iteratively using the MOPSO algorithm. The geometry that caused a 37% and 33% decrease in the interface stress and stress shielding, respectively, and a 32% increase in the initial micro-motion compared to the Taperloc® Complete stem was selected as the optimized shape. It was shown that thinning the femoral stems without changing their length reduced the induced stress shielding and initial micro-motion and increased the interface stress, whereas shortening the femoral stems reduced the stress shielding and interface stress and increased the initial micro-motion. The proposed procedure may be conveniently used for the shape optimization of commercial femoral stems, which may significantly impact the performance and lifetime of hip implants.