bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative efficacy of a spider knottin insecticide, GS‐omega/kappa‐Hxtx‐Hv1a, against four species of invasive tropical tephritids
Authors: Stockton Dara G. , Manoukis Nicholas
Published: September 2022

Invasive tephritid fruit flies collectively pose a significant economic challenge to agricultural pest management globally. Insecticide resistance to a number of previously effective chemical classes has increased the risk these pests pose as management options become limited. We evaluated the efficacy of a peptide‐based biorational insecticide with a unique mode of action, containing the active ingredient, GS‐omega/kappa‐Hxtx‐Hv1a (GS‐Hv1a), against four of tephritid species, oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis), melon fly (Zeugodacus cucurbitae), Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata, ‘Medfly’), and Malaysian fruit fly (Bactrocera latrifrons). This assessment aimed to determine whether GS‐Hv1a has the potential for effective management of tropical tephritids, particularly in regions where insecticide resistance has developed to other products. We conducted two sets of screening assays with different methods of exposure, oral and topical and compared survival over time in response to increasing concentrations of GS‐Hv1a up to 3.86 mg/ml. We found that efficacy was species dependent: Ceratitis capitata was susceptible following topical exposure, while the other species of fruit fly were not. While Medfly survival decreased following oral ingestion as well, the amount required to achieve this was greater than the concentration used in the topical bioassay. We observed that survival continued to decline up to 72 h after exposure, indicating a delayed effect similar to other reduced‐risk insecticidal products such as fipronil. For this reason, GS‐Hv1a may be useful as a horizontal transfer tool in conjunction with C. capitata male pheromone lures.
Deformation of implant retaining screws—Study with stereoscopic microscopy and microCT
Authors: Batista Ricardo , Moreira André , Oliveira Susana João , Mesquita Pedro , Sampaio‐Fernandes João , Figueiral Maria Helena
Published: September 2022

Background

The prosthetic screw fixes the prostheses to the implants. Upon osteointegration, the untightening of the prosthetic screw is the most common problem in oral rehabilitation with implants.

Objective

To study the deformation of the implant retaining hexagonal screw head.

Methods

This investigation used two methods for evaluating the screw head's area of deformation (mm2): a stereoscopic microscopy and micro computed tomography (microCT). For stereoscopic microscopy, 16 titanium alloy (T) and 16 titanium gold‐plated alloy (G) screws of the Zimmer Biomet™ brand were used, divided into eight groups: group 0 (control group), groups T1 and G1 (screws tightened 10 times to 20 Ncm), the groups T2 and G2 (screws tightened 20 times to 20 Ncm) and the groups T3 and G3 (screws tightened 10 times to 30 Ncm). In the study with microCT, one screw was randomly chosen from each of the groups described above to perform the scanning by microCT.

Results

When comparing the type of screw material using stereoscopic microscopy, no statistically significant differences were found (p > 0.05). Contrarily, different number of successive grips and different torque value showed statistically significant differences in the head section of the retaining screws (p < 0.05). The observation by microCT showed the torque applied is crucial to the head deformation in titanium screws. In gold‐plated screws the successive tightening appears to be pivotal.

Conclusion

Titanium and gold screws tend to behave similarly. By increasing the tightening cycles and the torque values of protocols greater levels of deformations can be expected. In general, microCT data showed better results for gold‐plated titanium alloy.

Clinical Significance

To control severe screw head deformation and the impossibility of untightening the implant's restoration, clinicians should avoid extreme torque values and prevent surpassing 10 tightening cycles.
Interplay between ethylene and nitrogen nutrition: How ethylene orchestrates nitrogen responses in plants
Authors: Ma Biao , Ma Tian , Xian Wenhao , Hu Bin , Chu Chengcai
Published: September 2022

The stress hormone ethylene plays a key role in plant adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. Nitrogen (N) is the most quantitatively required mineral nutrient for plants, and its availability is a major determinant for crop production. Changes in N availability or N forms can alter ethylene biosynthesis and/or signaling. Ethylene serves as an important cellular signal to mediate root system architecture adaptation, N uptake and translocation, ammonium toxicity, anthocyanin accumulation, and premature senescence, thereby adapting plant growth and development to external N status. Here, we review the ethylene‐mediated morphological and physiological responses and highlight how ethylene transduces the N signals to the adaptive responses. We specifically discuss the N‐ethylene relations in rice, an important cereal crop in which ethylene is essential for its hypoxia survival.
Brassinosteroid signaling positively regulates abscisic acid biosynthesis in response to chilling stress in tomato
Authors: An Shengmin , Liu Yue , Sang Kangqi , Wang Ting , Yu Jingquan , Zhou Yanhong , Xia Xiaojian
Published: September 2022

Brassinosteroids (BRs) and abscisic acid (ABA) are essential regulators of plant growth and stress tolerance. Although the antagonistic interaction of BRs and ABA is proposed to ensure the balance between growth and defense in model plants, the crosstalk between BRs and ABA in response to chilling in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a warm‐climate horticultural crop, is unclear. Here, we determined that overexpression of the BR biosynthesis gene DWARF (DWF) or the key BR signaling gene BRASSINAZOLE‐RESISTANT1 (BZR1) increases ABA levels in response to chilling stress via positively regulating the expression of the ABA biosynthesis gene 9‐CIS‐EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE1 (NCED1). BR‐induced chilling tolerance was mostly dependent on ABA biosynthesis. Chilling stress or high BR levels decreased the abundance of BRASSINOSTEROID‐INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2), a negative regulator of BR signaling. Moreover, we observed that chilling stress increases BR levels and results in the accumulation of BZR1. BIN2 negatively regulated both the accumulation of BZR1 protein and chilling tolerance by suppressing ABA biosynthesis. Our results demonstrate that BR signaling positively regulates chilling tolerance via ABA biosynthesis in tomato. The study has implications in production of warm‐climate crops in horticulture.
Malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma of the ovary
Authors: Atwi Doaa , Kamal Maria , Quinton Michael , Hassell Lewis A.
Published: September 2022

Mature cystic teratoma is the most common ovarian germ cell neoplasm. Malignant transformation is a rare occurrence, accounting for 1.5%–2% of cases. Malignant changes can arise from any constituent tissue of a teratoma; however, squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histologic type seen, followed by adenocarcinoma and sarcoma respectively. Tumor marker concentration levels, age, and the tumor maximum diameter are predictive indicators for malignant transformation. Proper diagnosis includes recognizing the possibility of malignant transformation versus excluding other differential options, such as metastasis. Primary cytoreductive surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are the current treatment methods. The aim of the review is to discuss the clinical and pathologic features of malignant transformation within mature cystic teratomas, while reviewing the reported malignant types, differential diagnoses, and treatment options. Data sources include review of pertinent peer‐reviewed literature on malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma and cases seen in authors' institutional practice. Mature cystic teratomas are a commonly encountered benign ovarian tumor. However, the possibility of malignant transformation should remain in consideration, especially with given clinical or pathologic features: increased patient age, tumor size, or tumor marker levels. Thorough sampling of solid tumor foci can help identify malignant components. Awareness and proper diagnosis, along with early detection and clinical management, shows improved patient outcomes.
Latent change modeling of Latino parent–child conflict and pathways to mental health
Authors: Kim HaeDong , Epstein Norman B. , Hancock Gregory R. , Hurtado Ghaffar Ali , Svetaz Maria Veronica , Allen Michele
Published: September 2022

Objective

This secondary analysis of longitudinal data on Latino immigrant parents applied latent change modeling to investigate the association between within‐family change in parent–child conflict and within‐individual change in parent's psychological distress, and how within‐individual change in parenting stress mediates that association over time.

Background

Immigrant parents face additional challenges when parenting their children. There is limited research regarding how parent–child conflict may influence parenting stress and parents' overall well‐being, in particular in Latino immigrant families.

Method

Secondary analysis was conducted on data from a sample of 344 Latino immigrant parents who participated in a community‐based parenting skills invention. In the original intervention study, they were assigned randomly to intervention or waitlist control groups and assessed at three points: baseline, 4 months (post‐intervention), and a follow‐up 10 months after the baseline assessment.

Results

Across 4 months, change in parent–child conflict was significantly associated with changes in parenting stress and psychological distress, whereas across 10 months, change in parent–child conflict was only associated with change in psychological distress. The indirect effects through parenting stress were non‐significant. However, participating in the intervention had a protective indirect effect by reducing parenting stress across 4 months and reducing psychological distress across 10 months via change in parent–child conflict.

Conclusion

Changes in parent–child relations were related to changes in parents' individual well‐being, with those associations varying across different time periods.
Parental Warmth and Developmental Change in Familism Values: Latinx Adolescents in an Emerging Immigrant Community
Authors: Kho Carmen , White Rebecca M. B. , Knight George P. , Zhao Chang , Roche Kathleen M.
Published: September 2022

This study examined the developmental changes of familism values across adolescence among Latinx adolescents from an emerging immigrant community, and how changes in parental warmth were associated with changes in familism values. The sample included 547 Latinx adolescents. Multilevel model results indicated that familism values showed a linear decline from 6th to 10th grade. Between‐person analyses showed that parental warmth was related to the higher initial levels of familism values but unrelated to changes in familism values. At the within‐person level, on the occasions when adolescents report higher parental warmth, they also report higher familism values. This work highlights the importance of parental warmth for socializing developmental changes in Latinx adolescents' familism values in an emerging immigrant community context.
A mixed‐methods study of relationship stigma and well‐being among sexual and gender minority couples
Authors: Gamarel Kristi , farrales willi , Venegas Luz , Dilworth Samantha E. , Coffin Lara S. , Neilands Torsten B. , Johnson Mallory O. , Koester Kimberly A.
Published: September 2022

Research has documented associations between relationship stigma, relationship quality and adverse health outcomes among sexual and gender minority couples. However, this work focused primarily on one aspect of an individual's or a couple's identity rather than understanding the intersections of multiple, stigmatized social identities. As part of a larger project focused on testing the efficacy of a couples‐based intervention to improve HIV medication adherence, 144 couples completed measures of relationship stigma, relationship quality, mental health, and substance use. A subset of 25 participants completed in‐depth interviews to better understand the phenomenon of relationship stigma and its impact on their relationships. Quantitative results demonstrated that greater relationship stigma was associated with reduced relationship satisfaction and commitment, as well as greater closeness discrepancy and depressive symptoms. Qualitative findings provided nuanced insights into forms of relationship stigma that often intersected with other types of stigma and related forces of social and structural violence. Results also demonstrated the differential impact that relationship stigma had on couples and the ways in which individuals make adjustments to cope with or actively combat societal stigma. Findings illustrate the importance of attending to intersecting forms of stigma in addressing the well‐being of sexual and gender minority couples.
Methanolic extract of Hemidesmus indicus root augments the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of amoxicillin and clindamycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of bovine origin
Authors: Sannat C. , Hirpurkar S.D. , Shakya S. , Dutta G.K. , Roy M. , Jolhe D.K. , Singh J. , Patyal A. , Rawat N. , Gade N.E. , Tripathi S.M. , Kalim M.O.
Published: September 2022

The present study evaluated the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of methanolic extract of Hemidesmus indicus root (MHIR) in combination with amoxicillin and clindamycin against biofilm-forming methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from milk samples of mastitic cows. Microdilution susceptibility testing and microtitre plate assays were used to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of MHIR and antibiotic combinations against MRSA (n = 12). Furthermore, in vitro findings were validated in a murine model. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration of amoxicillin and clindamycin in combination with MHIR were significantly (P < 0·05) lower than when used alone against MRSA. In terms of antibacterial activity, MHIR showed additive interaction (fractional inhibitory concentrationindex >0·5–4) with amoxicillin and clindamycin against all the MRSA isolates, whereas MHIR synergizes (fractional biofilm inhibitory concentrationindex ≤0·5) the antibiofilm activity of amoxicillin and clindamycin against 58·33% and 83·33% of the MRSA isolates respectively. Amoxicillin/clindamycin in combination with MHIR significantly (P < 0·05) reduced disease activity score, and bacterial load and Gram-positive spots in kidney and liver of MRSA-infected mice. The combined efficacy of MHIR and amoxicillin/clindamycin was comparable to clindamycin alone but superior to amoxicillin alone. Hence, the combination of MHIR with amoxicillin/clindamycin is advocated in the treatment of MRSA-associated infections.
Detection of nucleotide modifications in bacteria and bacteriophages: Strengths and limitations of current technologies and software
Authors: Nielsen Tue Kjærgaard , Forero‐Junco Laura Milena , Kot Witold , Moineau Sylvain , Hansen Lars Hestbjerg , Riber Leise
Published: September 2022

RNA and DNA modifications occur in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, as well as in their viruses, and serve a wide range of functions, from gene regulation to nucleic acid protection. Although the first nucleotide modification was discovered almost 100 years ago, new and unusual modifications are still being described. Nucleotide modifications have also received more attention lately because of their increased significance, but also because new sequencing approaches have eased their detection. Chiefly, third generation sequencing platforms PacBio and Nanopore offer direct detection of modified bases by measuring deviations of the signals. These unusual modifications are especially prevalent in bacteriophage genomes, the viruses of bacteria, where they mostly appear to protect DNA against degradation from host nucleases. In this Opinion article, we highlight and discuss current approaches to detect nucleotide modifications, including hardwares and softwares, and look onward to future applications, especially for studying unusual, rare, or complex genome modifications in bacteriophages. The ability to distinguish between several types of nucleotide modifications may even shed new light on metagenomic studies.
The green light gap: a window of opportunity for optogenetic control of stomatal movement
Authors: Jones Jeffrey J. , Huang Shouguang , Hedrich Rainer , Geilfus Christoph‐Martin , Roelfsema M. Rob G.
Published: September 2022

Green plants are equipped with photoreceptors that are capable of sensing radiation in the ultraviolet‐to‐blue and the red‐to‐far‐red parts of the light spectrum. However, plant cells are not particularly sensitive to green light (GL), and light which lies within this part of the spectrum does not efficiently trigger the opening of stomatal pores. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of stomatal responses to light, which are either provoked via photosynthetically active radiation or by specific blue light (BL) signaling pathways. The limited impact of GL on stomatal movements provides a unique option to use this light quality to control optogenetic tools. Recently, several of these tools have been optimized for use in plant biological research, either to control gene expression, or to provoke ion fluxes. Initial studies with the BL‐activated potassium channel BLINK1 showed that this tool can speed up stomatal movements. Moreover, the GL‐sensitive anion channel GtACR1 can induce stomatal closure, even at conditions that provoke stomatal opening in wild‐type plants. Given that crop plants in controlled‐environment agriculture and horticulture are often cultivated with artificial light sources (i.e. a combination of blue and red light from light‐emitting diodes), GL signals can be used as a remote‐control signal that controls stomatal transpiration and water consumption.
Death from hunger or thirst? Phloem death, rather than xylem hydraulic failure, as a driver of fire‐induced conifer mortality
Authors: Partelli‐Feltrin Raquel , Smith Alistair M. S. , Adams Henry D. , Thompson R. Alex , Kolden Crystal A. , Yedinak Kara M. , Johnson Daniel M.
Published: September 2022

Disruption of photosynthesis and carbon transport due to damage to the tree crown and stem cambial cells, respectively, can cause tree mortality. It has recently been proposed that fire‐induced dysfunction of xylem plays an important role in tree mortality. Here, we simultaneously tested the impact of a lethal fire dose on nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) and xylem hydraulics inPinus ponderosasaplings.

Saplings were burned with a known lethal fire dose. Nonstructural carbohydrates were assessed in needles, main stems, roots and whole plants, and xylem hydraulic conductivity was measured in the main stems up to 29 d postfire.

Photosynthesis and whole plant NSCs declined postfire. Additionally, all burned saplings showed 100% phloem/cambium necrosis, and roots of burned saplings had reduced NSCs compared to unburned and defoliated saplings. We further show that, contrary to patterns observed with NSCs, water transport was unchanged by fire and there was no evidence of xylem deformation in saplings that experienced a lethal dose of heat from fire.

We conclude that phloem and cambium mortality, and not hydraulic failure, were probably the causes of death in these saplings. These findings advance our understanding of the physiological response to fire‐induced injuries in conifer trees.
Herbivore‐induced Ca2+ signals trigger a jasmonate burst by activating ERF16‐mediated expression in tomato
Authors: Hu Chaoyi , Wu Shaofang , Li Jiajia , Dong Han , Zhu Changan , Sun Ting , Hu Zhangjian , Foyer Christine H. , Yu Jingquan
Published: September 2022

Herbivory severely affects plant growth, posing a threat to crop production. Calcium ion (Ca2+) signaling and accumulation of jasmonates (JAs) are activated in plant response to herbivore attack, leading to the expression of defense pathways. However, little is known about how the Ca2+ signal modulates JA biosynthesis.

We used diverse techniques, including CRISPR/Cas9, UPLC‐MS/MS and molecular biology methods to explore the role of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 16 in Ca2+ signal‐triggered JA burst during herbivore defense in tomato.

Here we show that simulated herbivory induces GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR LIKE3.3/3.5 (GLR3.3/3.5)‐dependent increases in electrical activity, Ca2+ influx and increases the abundance of CALMODULIN2 (CaM2) and ERF16 transcripts in tomato. The interaction between CaM2 and ERF16 promotes JA biosynthesis by enhancing the transcriptional activity of ERF16, which increases the activation of ERF16 expression and causes expression of LIPOXYGENASE D (LOXD), AOC and 12‐OXO‐PHYTODIENOIC ACID REDUCTASE 3 (OPR3), the key genes in JA biosynthesis. Mutation of CaM2 results in decreased JA accumulation, together with the expression of JA biosynthesis‐related genes, leading to reduced resistance to the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera.

These findings reveal a molecular mechanism underpinning the Ca2+ signal‐initiated systemic JA burst and emphasize the pivotal role of Ca2+ signal/ERF16 crosstalk in herbivore defense.
Contribution of diabetes mellitus to periodontal inflammation during orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Chen Shuo , Huang Danyuan , Zhu Li , Jiang Yukun , Guan Yuzhe , Zou Shujuan , Li Yuyu
Published: September 2022

Objective

This study aims to clarify the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on inflammatory profile during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and explore potential mechanisms.

Methods

OTM models were established in healthy (Ctrl) and DM rats for 0, 3, 7 or 14 days. The tooth movement distance and bone structural parameters were analyzed through micro‐CT. The bone resorption activity and periodontal inflammation status were evaluated through histological staining. RNA sequencing was performed to detect differentially expressed genes in force loading‐treated periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) with or without high glucose. The differential expression of inflammatory genes associated with NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) between groups was tested in vitro and in vivo.

Results

DM caused remarkable reduction of alveolar bone height and density around the moved tooth, corresponding with the higher bone resorption activity and inflammatory scores of DM group. For force loading‐treated PDLFs, high glucose induced the activation of inflammatory pathways, including NLRP3. Elevated expression of NLRP3 and cascade molecules (Caspase‐1, GSDMD, and IL‐1β) were validated by RT‐qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry staining.

Conclusions

DM alters the inflammatory status of periodontium and affects tissue reconstruction during OTM. NLRP3 inflammasome may involve in diabetes‐induced periodontal changes.
Anesthesia and pain management of pediatric cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Suchar Adam Michael , Lane Joelle , King Ashley Covert , Hayes Andrea A. , Phelps Janey R.
Published: September 2022

Background

Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy has shown to improve survival in patients with extensive or refractory abdominal tumors of many different histologies. Postoperative pain control can be challenging as the surgical procedure is performed through a midline laparotomy incision from xiphoid to symphysis pubis, and patients are usually nothing by mouth for the first 8–10 postoperative days.

Aims

We present the anesthetic management and postoperative pain control strategies for cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy using a multimodal, opioid‐sparing, and total intravenous anesthetic technique with a tunneled thoracic epidural.

Methods

A single institution retrospective review of anesthetic management, intraoperative fluid and blood administration, and postoperative pain control for pediatric patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy between July 2018 and December 2020 was conducted. We employed a novel anesthetic and analgesia protocol consisting of premedication with gabapentin followed by intraoperative infusions of propofol, dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and cisatracurium. A tunneled thoracic epidural catheter was placed for management of pain.

Results

We reviewed and analyzed the first 25 patient records. The most common diagnosis was desmoplastic small round cell tumor (n = 12). Median age of patients was 14 years (range 21 months‐22 years). All patients were extubated in the operating room and no patients required reintubation. There were no incidences of acute kidney injury. Epidural infusions were used for a median of 8 days (range 2–14 days). Median postoperative intravenous opioid use (morphine equivalent) through postoperative day 10 was 0.02 mg/kg/day (range 0–0.86 mg/kg/day) administered for a median of 2 days (range 0–17 days). Nine patients (36%) did not require any intravenous opioids in the postoperative period.

Conclusions

Utilizing a multimodal, opioid‐sparing, total intravenous anesthetic technique in conjunction with a tunneled thoracic epidural catheter, we were able to avoid the need for postoperative mechanical ventilation and minimize both intraoperative and postoperative opioid requirements.
The polite abuser: Using politeness theory to examine emotional abuse
Authors: Alvarez Cimmiaron F. , Miller‐Ott Aimee E.
Published: September 2022

This study examined how instigators of abuse used emotionally abusive messages to manipulate politeness to attack their partners' face. Additionally, we studied how the people experiencing abuse responded to such messages. Using thematic co‐occurrence analysis (TCA), we analyzed 20 semi‐structured interviews with those who have experienced abuse. Participants reported that instigators of abuse used all three of Austin's (1990) face attack act strategies of (a) bald‐on‐record, (b) on record with inappropriate redress, and (c) off‐record, as well as the emergent strategy of (d) non‐response. Similarly, those who experienced abuse indicated that they used three politeness strategies: (a) bald‐on‐record, (b) positive politeness, and (c) off‐record, and the emergent strategy of (d) not doing the face‐threatening act (FTA). TCA revealed five relationships between instigators' messages and the responses of those who experienced abuse. Finally, we discussed theoretical implications and practical applications.
Development and validation of the perioperative care and user participation (POUP) questionnaire
Authors: Kymre Ingjerd Gåre , PhD Lisbeth Uhrenfeldt , Pedersen Mona Kyndi , Ingstad Kari , Pedersen Preben Ulrich
Published: September 2022

Aim

To validate a Perioperative User Participation questionnaire (POUP) that measures elective adult surgical patient experiences and evaluation of the significance of selected perioperative care items.

Materials and Methods

A generic perioperative user involvement questionnaire (POUP) was developed in the form of four psychometric scales based on the Fundamentals of Care (FoC) framework. The POUP is designed to capture patients' perceived and subjective importance of selected items of perioperative care. It was developed in Danish and comprehensive Danish–Norwegian translations were conducted. Face and content validation were conducted involving patients and expert nurses. The relevance of items was assessed by 68 patients, and the internal consistency of the scales was calculated.

Results

Danish and Norwegian patients assessed the POUP's face validity, and perioperative expert nurses reported no problems in clarity or ambiguity. However, a few reformulations of the questionnaire texts were suggested. None of the questions were reported as irrelevant or difficult to answer nor was any topic reported missing. Patients assessed all items as relevant, and the internal consistency for the three scales was between 0.8 and 0.9, and no differences between countries were found.

Conclusion

The POUP questionnaire has four scales; the items are valid, but the scales need further statistical validation and refinement. At present, the POUP might provide insight into how elective adult surgical patients value the significance of perioperative care.
Latinx identification with whiteness: What drives it, and what effects does it have on political preferences?
Authors: Filindra Alexandra , Kolbe Melanie
Published: September 2022

Objective

We seek to determine the antecedents of self‐categorization as white and white identity salience among Latinx people. We also investigate the effects of both on Latinx's political preferences.

Methods

We perform multivariate regression analyses using the 2012 American National Election Survey (ANES). The survey included 1005 Latinx U.S. citizens.

Results

We find that Latinx citizens with a strong Latino consciousness and more educated Latinx are less likely to self‐categorize as white, while those with a higher income are more likely to do so. Furthermore, we find that white identity salience correlates positively with being a Republican and a conservative and with opposition to welfare. Still, it is not a significant predictor of anti‐immigrant policy preferences.

Conclusion

Many Latinx show a strong attachment to white identity, and these affective ties to whiteness correlate with conservative political orientations.
FRIENDLY (FMT) is an RNA binding protein associated with cytosolic ribosomes at the mitochondrial surface
Authors: Hemono Mickaele , Salinas‐Giegé Thalia , Roignant Jeanne , Vingadassalon Audrey , Hammann Philippe , Ubrig Elodie , Ngondo Patryk , Duchêne Anne‐Marie
Published: September 2022

The spatial organization of protein synthesis in the eukaryotic cell is essential for maintaining the integrity of the proteome and the functioning of the cell. Translation on free polysomes or on ribosomes associated with the endoplasmic reticulum has been studied for a long time. More recent data have revealed selective translation of mRNAs in other compartments, in particular at the surface of mitochondria. Although these processes have been described in many organisms, particularky in plants, the mRNA targeting and localized translation mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, the Arabidopsis thaliana Friendly (FMT) protein is shown to be a cytosolic RNA binding protein that associates with cytosolic ribosomes at the surface of mitochondria. FMT knockout delays seedling development and causes mitochondrial clustering. The mutation also disrupts the mitochondrial proteome, as well as the localization of nuclear transcripts encoding mitochondrial proteins at the surface of mitochondria. These data indicate that FMT participates in the localization of mRNAs and their translation at the surface of mitochondria.
Implementation strategy for complete pathogen reduction technology treated apheresis platelet inventory
Authors: Shu Elaine , Dela Cruz Batilo Concepcion , Sussmann Harry , Owen Bethany , Belanger Geoffrey A. , Pandey Suchitra , Pham Tho D.
Published: September 2022

Background

Bacterial contamination in platelets remain a major public health concern, which prompted the US Food and Drug Administration guidance for bacterial contamination mitigation. Pathogen reduction technology (PRT) is one mitigation strategy that has shown success in Europe over the last decade. Therefore, our center sought to transition from a dual system of bacterial culturing (BacT) and PRT to full PRT.

Methods

A 1 month pilot study was conducted to simulate 100% PRT conditions. Our center also collected baseline data on key platelet production metrics in the 4 months prior to 100% PRT and compared it to the 4 months post‐implementation.

Results

The pilot study showed no statistical differences in split rate, proportion of low‐yield products, or proportion of single, double, and triple collections. The only observed difference was an 11 min increase in the average duration of double collections. Our baseline versus post‐implementation monitoring showed no difference in split rate, discard rate, percentage of low‐yield units, and average yield of low yield units. Statistical differences were detected in the proportion of single, double, and triple collections, as well as the average yield of full dose products. Roughly 20% of our inventory consisted of low‐yield products.

Discussion

With suitable mitigation strategies, transitioning to a full PRT inventory may result in higher net margins while not adversely affecting overall platelet production. A pilot study is a good way to project potential effects of switching from a dual BacT and PRT inventory to full PRT, and can be adopted by other centers aiming to make the transition.
La adaptabilidad en edificios patrimoniales
Authors: Cirvini Silvia , Gómez Voltan José Alejandro
Published: September 2022

Este artículo sintetiza la primera etapa de un estudio en desarrollo y está dirigido a analizar el significado y alcance de la noción de “adaptabilidad edilicia disponible” en edificios históricos. Asimismo, a partir de establecer analogías con conceptos semejantes usados en otras disciplinas o saberes se ha examinado la relación entre la adaptabilidad, la vulnerabilidad y la valoración histórico-cultural.

Nuestro objetivo es establecer una técnica para evaluar cómo las características materiales del edificio se relacionan con la posibilidad de admitir cambios, en particular respecto del uso. Cuando se realiza un proyecto de reutilización, es habitual que la elección y asignación del nuevo uso o función para el bien patrimonial se realice de manera subjetiva, sin considerar ni evaluar sus condiciones y características tanto materiales como culturales. Como consecuencia de asignaciones arbitrarias del uso, las intervenciones requeridas para adecuar o “llevar” al edificio a un nuevo destino representan un forzamiento con alteraciones y modificaciones que impactan negativamente sobre su materialidad y peor aún, sobre su significación y valor cultural.

      El proyecto marco que desarrollamos plantea como hipótesis que los edificios históricos poseen un potencial de adaptabilidad material inherente que representa la capacidad del edificio para responder a algún tipo cambio, en particular aquel orientado a su reutilización. Este potencial de adaptabilidad material (PAM) queda definido por un índice elaborado a partir de variables operacionales e indicadores que representan las principales condiciones y características materiales que le son propias o inherentes al bien edilicio.
Characterizations and Optimization for Resilient Manufacturing Systems With Considerations of Process Uncertainties
Authors: Ma Qiyang , Che Yiming , Cheng Changqing , Wang Zimo
Published: September 2022

The recent COVID-19 pandemic reveals the vulnerability of global supply chains: the unforeseen supply crunches and unpredictable variability in customer demands lead to catastrophic disruption to production planning and management, causing wild swings in productivity for most manufacturing systems. Therefore, a smart and resilient manufacturing system (S&RMS) is promised to withstand such unexpected perturbations and adjust promptly to mitigate their impacts on the system’s stability. However, modeling the system’s resilience to the impacts of disruptive events has not been fully addressed. We investigate a generalized polynomial chaos (gPC) expansion-based discrete-event dynamic system (DEDS) model to capture uncertainties and irregularly disruptive events for manufacturing systems. The analytic approach allows a real-time optimization for production planning to mitigate the impacts of intermittent disruptive events (e.g., supply shortages) and enhance the system’s resilience. The case study on a hybrid bearing manufacturing workshop suggests that the proposed approach allows a timely intervention in production planning to significantly reduce the downtime (around one-fifth of the downtime compared to the one without controls) while guaranteeing maximum productivity under the system perturbations and uncertainties.
What Factors Impact Psychological Safety in Engineering Student Teams? A Mixed-Method Longitudinal Investigation
Authors: Cole Courtney , O’Connell Abigail , Gong Zibing , Jablokow Kathryn , Mohammad Susan , Ritter Sarah , Heininger Katie , Marhefka Jacqueline , Miller Scarlett R.
Published: September 2022

Although teamwork is being integrated throughout engineering education because of the perceived benefits of teams, the construct of psychological safety has been largely ignored in engineering research. This omission is unfortunate because psychological safety reflects collective perceptions about how comfortable team members feel in sharing their perspectives, and it has been found to positively impact team performance in samples outside of engineering. While prior research has indicated that psychological safety is positively related to team performance and outcomes, research related to psychological safety in engineering teams is less established. There is also a lack of comprehensive methodologies that capture the dynamic changes that occur throughout the design process and at each time point. In light of this, the goal of the current study was to understand how psychological safety might be measured practically and reliably in engineering student teams over time. In addition, we sought to identify factors that impact the building and waning of psychological safety in these teams over time. This was accomplished through a study with 260 engineering students in 68 teams in a first-year engineering design class. The psychological safety of the teams was captured for each team over five time points over the course of a semester long design project. The results of this study provide some of the first evidence on the reliability of psychological safety in engineering teams and offer insights as to how to support and improve psychological safety.
A Data-Driven Tip Flow Loss Prediction Method for a Transonic Fan Under Boundary Layer Ingesting Inflow Distortion
Authors: Yang Zhe , Lu Hanan , Pan Tianyu , Li Qiushi
Published: September 2022

In a boundary layer ingesting (BLI) propulsion system, the fan blades need to operate continuously under large-scale inflow distortion. The distortion will lead to serious aerodynamic losses in the fan, degrading the fan performance and the overall aerodynamic benefits of the aircraft. Therefore, in the preliminary design of a BLI propulsion system, it is necessary to evaluate the influence of the fuselage boundary layer under different flight conditions on the fan aerodynamic performance. However, a gap exists in the current computational methods for BLI fan performance evaluations. The full-annulus unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulations can provide reliable predictions but are computationally expensive for design iterations. The low-order computational methods are cost-efficient but rely on the loss models for accurate prediction. The conventional empirical or physics-based loss models show notable limitations under complex distortion-induced off-design working conditions in a BLI fan, especially in the rotor tip region, compromising the reliability of the low-order computational methods. To balance the accuracy and cost of loss prediction, the paper proposes a data-driven tip flow loss prediction framework for a BLI fan. It employs a neural network to build a surrogate model to predict the tip flow loss at complex non-uniform aerodynamic conditions. Physical understandings of the flow features in the BLI fan are integrated into the data-driven modeling process, to further reduce the computational cost and improve the method’s applicability. The data-driven prediction method shows good accuracy in predicting the overall values and radial distributions of fan rotor tip flow loss under various BLI inflow distortion conditions. Not only does it have higher accuracy than the conventional physics-based loss models but also needs much less computational time than the full-annulus time-accurate simulations. The present work has demonstrated a significant potential of data-driven approaches in complex aerodynamic loss modeling and will contribute to future BLI fan design.
Robustness Analysis on Aerothermal Performance of the Winglet Squealer Tip—Part 1: Aerodynamic Performance
Authors: Huang Ming , Li Zhigang , Li Jun
Published: September 2022

Accurately assessing the robustness of the aerothermal performance of the blade tip is important considering that uncertainty is inevitable in the actual operation of turbines. However, the conventional uncertainty quantification methods are computationally inefficient for such an expensive black-box problem as turbine aerothermal performance prediction. In this paper, an efficient framework that is based on the combination of the sparse polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) and universal Kriging (UK) metamodel is applied to the uncertainty quantification of the effect of the conventional squealer tip and three different winglet squealer tips on the aerodynamic performance of the GE-E3 rotor blade tip. However, the inlet total pressure, inlet total temperature, and inlet flow angle are considered to flow condition uncertainty parameters and tip clearance is considered a geometrical uncertainty parameter. According to the results of the uncertainty quantification, in actual operation, although the setup of the winglet structure can still reduce the leakage flowrate, its effect will be much lower than predicted by deterministic calculations. The parameter that has the greatest influence on the uncertainty of the aerodynamic performance of the four tip structures is the tip clearance. Therefore, the geometric accuracy of the tip clearance should be strictly ensured in the turbine blade assembly and marching process. The uncertainty quantification calculations reveal that there is an antagonistic relationship between the pressure side cavity and suction side cavity on the aerodynamic performance uncertainty of the blade tip, which indicates a reasonable ratio of pressure side cavity and suction side cavity can make the fluctuation of the aerodynamic performance of the pressure side cavity vortex and suction side cavity vortex completely cancel, and thus design the winglet squealer tip with strong aerodynamic performance robustness.
Vortex Unsteadiness in the Endwall Region of a High-Lift Low-Pressure Turbine Passage
Authors: Marks Christopher R. , Fletcher Nathan , Sondergaard Rolf
Published: September 2022

Three-dimensional vortical structures within the endwall region of turbine passages directly affect the aerodynamic efficiency and heat transfer characteristics of the turbine. Interactions between the vortical endwall structures and the suction surface flow have been shown to be a significant source of loss generation through passages. One dominant vortex extends from the leading-edge junction region of the blade across the passage, where it interacts with the flow along the suction surface of the adjacent blade. In high-lift low-pressure turbine cascade passages, the vortical structure intermittently loses coherence and exhibits unsteady variations of strength and position as it extends across the passage. The present paper details the temporal behavior through high-speed measurements in a low-speed linear cascade of high-lift low-pressure turbine blades. Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements in the passage are used to evaluate the unsteady behavior of the vortex. Space-time iso-surface plots of Q-criterion clearly show the evolution of the vortex over time. Analysis of the data reveals the various time scales of fluctuations in strength and position. Comparisons of the temporal fluctuations in the high-lift turbine passage are made with similar phenomena found in canonical junction flow papers in the literature. Key findings support the hypothesis that in-passage vortex unsteady characteristics near the endwall are influenced by leading-edge junction flow dynamics, and provide additional insight into the unsteady endwall flow physics that is necessary to further the development of endwall loss reduction techniques.
Use of Multiple Tracer Gases to Quantify Vane Trailing Edge Flow Into Turbine Rim Seals
Authors: Monge-Concepción Iván , Barringer Michael D. , Berdanier Reid A. , Thole Karen A. , Robak Christopher
Published: September 2022

Overlapping features are commonly used as rim seals between stationary and rotating components in a turbine stage. These rim seals are used to prevent main gas path ingestion to the wheelspace cavity, which reduces the lifespan of critical engine components such as the turbine disk. In addition to the overlapping features, purge flow, diverted from the compressor, is injected into the rim cavity to act as an airflow sealing mechanism. Previous research identified that in addition to the purge flow in the rim cavity, cooling flow from the vane trailing edge (VTE) is ingested into the rim seal cavity carrying the potential to cool components in the wheelspace. These previous findings, however, were not able to distinctly separate purge from VTE cooling flows, which is the contribution of this paper based on uniquely using two different tracer gases. A one-stage test turbine operating at engine-relevant conditions and consisting of real engine hardware was used to validate and quantify the ingestion of the VTE flow by independently seeding the purge and VTE flows with two different tracer gases. Experimental results show the presence of VTE flow in the rim seal throughout all purge flowrates evaluated. Circumferential variation of VTE flow was also studied both experimentally and computationally using a computational fluid dynamics model. Results showed that ingested VTE flow can reduce the detrimental effect of hot gas ingestion particularly at higher purge flowrates.
Plume Model for Buoyancy-Induced Flow and Heat Transfer in Closed Rotating Cavities
Authors: Tang Hui , Owen J. Michael
Published: September 2022

The radial clearance between the rotating blades and stationary casing of a gas-turbine compressor depends on the radial growth of the rotating discs to which the blades are attached, and this growth depends on the buoyancy-induced flow and heat transfer in the air-filled cavities between adjacent discs. In some engines, the cavities are sealed, which creates a closed rotating cavity. A theoretical model has been developed to calculate the radial distribution of the temperature of the disc in a closed rotating cavity. The principal assumptions are that the convective heat transfer from the hot shroud to the cold hub of the cavity is via plumes of fluid in which the cold fluid moves radially outward, and the hot fluid inward, inside an inviscid quasi-axisymmetric core of rotating fluid. The fluid core is surrounded by boundary layers on all rotating surfaces, with free-convection layers on the surfaces of the shroud and hub and laminar Ekman layers on the surface of the discs. In addition to the convection, heat is transferred by one-dimensional radial conduction in the rotating discs. Using the model, equations have been derived to calculate the radial distribution of temperature in the discs and fluid core. These equations reveal that the non-dimensional temperatures for the disc and core, θd and θc, are controlled by three non-dimensional parameters: Reϕ, βΔT, and χ, the rotational Reynolds number, the buoyancy parameter, and the compressibility parameter, respectively. The compressibility parameter is defined as χ=defMa2/βΔT where Ma is a Mach number, and χ is shown to strongly affect the radial distribution of the core temperatures. There will be a critical value of χ at which the core temperature equals that of the heated shroud. For a closed cavity with adiabatic discs and xa = 0.5, the critical value is 6.7. Above this critical value, stratification is expected to occur and heat transfer from the shroud to the core will be by conduction rather than by convection. The theoretical model predicts radial distributions of temperatures in the discs and fluid core that are in good agreement with the experimentally derived values in a companion paper.