bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular and Clinical Heterogeneity in Hungarian Patients with Treacher Collins Syndrome—Identification of Two Novel Mutations by Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Antal Gréta , Zsigmond Anna , Till Ágnes , Szabó András , Maász Anita , Bene Judit , Hadzsiev Kinga
Published: October 2024

Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is a rare congenital craniofacial disorder with variable penetrance and high genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. It is caused by pathogenic variants in the TCOF1, POLR1D, POLR1C, and POLR1B genes, and its major characteristic features are malar and mandibular hypoplasia, downward slanting of the palpebral fissures, and conductive hearing loss. In this study, five patients (two males and three females, age range from 2 to 29 years) with TCS were tested by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)-based sequencing and clinically characterized. Genetic analyses detected two deletions and one insertion in the TCOF1 gene and one missense variant in the POLR1D gene. Two novel mutations, c.1371_1372insT (p.Lys458*) in the TCOF1 gene and c.295 G>C (p.Gly99Arg) in the POLR1D gene, were identified. Moreover, two already known mutations, c.4369_4373del (p.Lys1457Glufs*12) and c.2103_2106del (p.Ser701Argfs*9) in the TCOF1 gene, were detected. The novel TCOF1 c.1371_1372insT mutation was associated with mild craniofacial manifestations and very rare symptoms of TCS, i.e., developmental delay and moderate intellectual disability. Although incomplete penetrance is a known phenomenon in TCS, surprisingly, the majority of our patients inherited the disease-causing variants from an asymptomatic mother. The unique feature of our study is the observation of causative mutation transmission between asymptomatic family members. Our results expanded the clinical and mutational spectrum of TCS and further confirmed the inter- and intra-familial variability of this disorder.
Preparation and Pharmacokinetics of Brain-Targeted Nanoliposome Loaded with Rutin
Authors: Wu Changxu , Zhang Jinwu , Yang Shisen , Peng Chunzi , Lv Maojie , Liang Jing , Li Xiaoning , Xie Liji , Wei Yingyi , Chen Hailan , He Jiakang , Hu Tingjun , Xie Zhixun , Yu Meiling
Published: October 2024

Rutin is a flavonoid compound with potential for treating Alzheimer’s disease, preventing brain damage, mitigating cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury, and exhibiting anti-glioblastoma activity. However, its efficacy is limited by its low solubility, poor bioavailability, and limited permeability across the blood–brain barrier (BBB). To enhance the bioavailability and brain-targeting ability of Rutin, transferrin-modified Rutin liposome (Tf-Rutin-Lip) was developed using liposomes as a delivery system. Rutin liposomes were prepared using the thin-film dispersion method, and the preparation conditions were optimized using the response surface methodology. Then, transferrin (Tf) was incorporated into the liposomes through covalent modification, yielding Tf-Rutin liposomes. The toxicity of these liposomes on bEnd.3 cells, as well as their impact on the tight junctions of these cells, was rigorously evaluated. Additionally, in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to validate the brain-targeting efficacy of the Tf-Rutin liposomes. A susceptible detection method was developed to characterize the pharmacokinetics of Tf-Rutin-Lip further. The optimized conditions for the preparation of Tf-Rutin-Lip were determined as follows: a lipid-to-cholesterol ratio of 4.63:1, a drug-to-lipid ratio of 1:45.84, a preparation temperature of 42.7 °C, a hydration volume of 20 mL, a sonication time of 10 min, a surfactant concentration of 80 mg/mL, a DSPE-MPEG-2000 concentration of 5%, and a DSPE-PEG2000-COOH to DSPE-MPEG-2000 molar ratio of 10%. The liposomes did not affect the cell activity of bEnd.3 cells at 24 h and did not disrupt the tight junction of the blood–brain barrier. Tf-modified liposomes were taken up by bEnd.3 cells, which, in turn, passed through the BBB, thus improving liposomal brain targeting. Furthermore, the results of pharmacokinetic experiments showed that the Cmax, AUC0-∞, AUC0-t, MRT0-∞, and t1/2 of Tf-Rutin-Lip increased 1.99-fold, 2.77-fold, 2.58-fold, 1.26-fold, and 1.19-fold compared to those of free Rutin solution, respectively. These findings suggest that Tf-Rutin-Lip is brain-targeted and may enhance the efficacy of Rutin in the treatment of brain disorders.
Silicon-Enriched Meat Ameliorates Diabetic Dyslipidemia by Improving Cholesterol, Bile Acid Metabolism and Ileal Barrier Integrity in Rats with Late-Stage Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hernández-Martín Marina , Garcimartín Alba , Bocanegra Aránzazu , Macho-González Adrián , García-Fernández Rosa A. , de Pascual-Teresa Sonia , Redondo-Castillejo Rocío , Bastida Sara , Sánchez-Muniz Francisco J. , Benedí Juana , López-Oliva Mª Elvira
Published: October 2024

Silicon as a functional ingredient of restructured meat (RM) shows antidiabetic and hypocholesterolemic effects in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat model. The present paper investigated the mechanisms involved in this cholesterol-lowering effect by studying the impact of silicon-RM consumption on bile acid (BA) and cholesterol metabolism. In addition, the main effects of cecal BA and short-chain fatty acids derived from the microbiota on intestinal barrier integrity were also tested. Rats were fed an RM high-saturated-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HSFHCD) combined with a low dose of streptozotocin plus nicotinamide injection (LD group) and for an 8 wk. period. Silicon-RM was included in the HSFHCD as a functional food (LD-Si group). An early-stage T2DM group fed a high-saturated-fat diet (ED group) was used as a reference. Silicon decreased the BA pool with a higher hydrophilic BA profile and a lower ability to digest fat and decreased the damaging effects, increasing the occludin levels and the integrity of the intestinal barrier. The ileal BA uptake and hepatic BA synthesis through CYP7A1 were reduced by FXR/FGF15 signaling activation. The silicon up-regulated the hepatic and ileal FXR and LXRα/β, improving transintestinal cholesterol (TICE), biliary BA and cholesterol effluxes. The inclusion of silicon in meat products could be used as a new therapeutic nutritional tool in the treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia.
Integrative Metabolome and Proteome Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Kim Seok Gi , Hwang Ji Su , George Nimisha Pradeep , Jang Yong Eun , Kwon Minjun , Lee Sang Seop , Lee Gwang
Published: October 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Recent studies have highlighted the significant role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in reflecting pathophysiological PD brain conditions by analyzing the components of CSF. Based on the published literature, we created a single network with altered metabolites in the CSF of patients with PD. We analyzed biological functions related to the transmembrane of mitochondria, respiration of mitochondria, neurodegeneration, and PD using a bioinformatics tool. As the proteome reflects phenotypes, we collected proteome data based on published papers, and the biological function of the single network showed similarities with that of the metabolomic network. Then, we analyzed the single network of integrated metabolome and proteome. In silico predictions based on the single network with integrated metabolomics and proteomics showed that neurodegeneration and PD were predicted to be activated. In contrast, mitochondrial transmembrane activity and respiration were predicted to be suppressed in the CSF of patients with PD. This review underscores the importance of integrated omics analyses in deciphering PD’s complex biochemical networks underlying neurodegeneration.
Age-Related Increase in Type C Tympanogram
Authors: Cheon Taeuk , Park Ju Ha , Lee Ji Seop , Bae Seong Hoon
Published: October 2024

Background: This study evaluated the relationship between aging and tympanometric changes, specifically the incidence of type C tympanograms, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: We analyzed data from the 2019–2022 KNHANES, including 26,738 ears from individuals aged 40 and older. Tympanometry at 226 Hz identified type C tympanograms based on peak pressure below −100 daPa. Multiple logistic regression evaluated the association between age and type C tympanograms, adjusting for confounders such as sex, smoking status, allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, and lifestyle disease markers. Results: The incidence of type C tympanograms increased significantly with age (R2 = 0.953, p < 0.001). Age was the most significant factor associated with type C tympanograms (p < 0.001, odds ratio 1.052), while other factors were not statistically significant. Ears with type C tympanograms had significantly poorer hearing thresholds compared to those with type A tympanograms (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Aging is significantly associated with an increased incidence of type C tympanograms, indicating possible middle ear dysfunction in older adults. The correlation between type C tympanograms and poorer hearing thresholds suggests that age-related changes in middle ear function may contribute to hearing impairment. Tympanometric screening in older adults may facilitate early detection and management of middle ear dysfunction, potentially improving hearing outcomes and quality of life.
Vertebral Body Tethering for Thoracolumbar Curvatures in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes at 2–6-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Eaker Lily , Mucollari Olgerta , Maza Noor , Lonner Baron
Published: October 2024

Background: The gold standard treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is posterior spinal fusion (PSF). However, long-term consequences of PSF can include reduced spinal flexibility, back pain, and intervertebral disc degeneration. Vertebral body tethering (VBT) is a non-fusion alternative that preserves motion. We investigated the outcomes of VBT for the treatment of thoracolumbar (TL) major AIS in the largest single-surgeon series with a minimum 2-year follow-up (FU). Methods: We performed a retrospective single-center review. Inclusion criteria were AIS, Lenke 5/6 curvature, and skeletally immature Variables were compared using Student’s t-tests, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, Chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: A total of 37 consecutive patients, age 14.1 ± 1.6 years, 86.5% F, 35.9 ± 11.5-month FU, were examined. Overall, 27 patients (73%) had Lenke 5 and 10 (27%) had Lenke 6 curvatures. Instrumentation of the TL curve alone was performed in 59.5%, and thoracic (T) and TL in 40.5% of patients. Overall, 45.9% of patients had two tethers placed in the TL spine; no patients had double tethers placed at the main thoracic curves. The TL (51 ± 8° to 20 ± 11°; p < 0.0001) and T (37 ± 13° to 17 ± 10°; p < 0.0001) curvatures improved from baseline to the latest FU. Overall, 89% of patients achieved major Cobb < 35°; the three patients who did not experienced at least one cord breakage or required PSF. T5-T12 kyphosis increased (p = 0.0401) and lumbar lordosis was maintained (p = 0.9236). Both the TL inclinometer (16 ± 4º to 4 ± 2°; p < 0.0001) and T (6 ± 4° to 4 ± 3°; p = 0.0036) measurements improved. There was a 49% tether breakage rate as follows: 60% for single-cord TL constructs and 35% for double cords (p = 0.0991). There was an 8.1% re-operation rate as follows: one conversion to T PSF and revision of the TL tether; one release of the T tether and revision of the TL tether; one screw revision for radiculopathy. One patient was re-admitted for poor pain control. Conclusions: Patients with TL major curvature treated with VBT experienced a high rate of clinically successful outcomes with maintenance of lumbar lordosis and relatively low complication rates at the latest FU.
Personalized COPD Care: The Future of Precision-Based Therapies
Authors: Appleton Leslie K. , Hanania Nicola A. , Adrish Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory illness characterized by long-standing respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. It is a major contributor to respiratory disease-related deaths and currently ranked as the sixth leading cause of mortality in the United States. Approved pharmacological therapies for the stable disease primarily consist of inhaled short and long-acting bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, azithromycin, and roflumilast. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the management of COPD through the identification of different COPD phenotypes and endotypes, which allows for a more personalized treatment approach. While earlier studies investigating targeted therapies were less promising, recent data on drugs targeting type 2 inflammatory pathways have shown promising results in carefully selected patients. In this article, we will review the available data on targeted therapies as well as the ongoing clinical studies of novel targeted therapies for COPD. Understanding and implementing these advancements hold promise for improving outcomes and quality of life for individuals living with COPD.
Evaluation of Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Arientová Simona , Matúšková Kateřina , Bartoš Oldřich , Beran Ondřej , Holub Michal
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: This retrospective study analyzed soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) plasma levels alongside routine inflammatory markers, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratio, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT), and D-dimers in COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the Omicron wave of the pandemic. Methods: We measured plasma suPAR levels using a suPARnostic® Quick Triage kit. We divided COVID-19 patients into two groups based on the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria. The logistic regression analysis tested the predictive value of the biomarkers. Results: We evaluated 160 consecutive COVID-19 patients hospitalized between January and August 2022. The cohort exhibited a high incidence of comorbidities, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 5.6%. Upon admission, the median suPAR plasma levels were not significantly different between patients with mild COVID-19 (n = 110) and those with moderate/severe disease (n = 50), with 7.25 ng/mL and 7.55 ng/mL, respectively. We observed significant differences (p < 0.01) between the groups for CRP and IL-6 levels that were higher in moderate/severe disease than in mild infection. Additionally, suPAR plasma levels were above the normal range (0–2.00 ng/mL) in all patients, with a significant positive correlation identified between suPAR levels and serum IL-6, PCT, and creatinine levels. Conclusions: These findings indicate that COVID-19 during the Omicron wave is strongly associated with elevated suPAR levels; however, these levels do not directly correlate with the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Dual-Energy CT as a Well-Established CT Modality to Reduce Contrast Media Amount: A Systematic Review from the Computed Tomography Subspecialty Section of the Italian Society of Radiology
Authors: Guerrini Susanna , Zanoni Matteo , Sica Cristian , Bagnacci Giulio , Mancianti Nicoletta , Galzerano Giuseppe , Garosi Guido , Cacioppa Laura Maria , Cellina Michaela , Zamboni Giulia A. , Minetti Giuseppe , Floridi Chiara , Mazzei Maria Antonietta
Published: October 2024

Background: Our study aims to provide an overview of existing evidence regarding the image quality of dual-energy CT (DECT) employing reduced contrast media (CM) volumes, in comparison to single-energy CT (SECT) with standard CM loads. The advantages, indications, and possible applications of DECT were investigated from the perspective of providing better patient care, minimizing CM volume and managing CM shortage. Methods: In this systematic review (PRISMA methodology), PubMed and WOS were searched from January 2010 to January 2023 by two independent reviewers. The scan and CM characteristics, radiation dose, and results of quantitative (contrast to noise ratio, CNR, and signal to noise ratio, SNR) and qualitative assessment of image quality were collected. Sixty non-duplicated records eligible for full-text screening were examined. Results: Finally, 22 articles (1818 patients) were included. The average CM reduction with DECT ranged between 43.4 ± 11%. Despite the wide variability in CT scan protocols, no differences were found in radiation doses between DECT and SECT. Conclusions: DECT scanners allow the employment of lower CM volumes with equal or better image quality evaluated by quantitative and qualitative analyses and similar dose radiation compared to SECT. Using image reconstructions at low monochromatic energy levels, DECT increases iodine conspicuity and attenuation contributing to CM containment measures.
Skin Cancer Image Classification Using Artificial Intelligence Strategies: A Systematic Review
Authors: Vardasca Ricardo , Mendes Joaquim Gabriel , Magalhaes Carolina
Published: October 2024

The increasing incidence of and resulting deaths associated with malignant skin tumors are a public health problem that can be minimized if detection strategies are improved. Currently, diagnosis is heavily based on physicians’ judgment and experience, which can occasionally lead to the worsening of the lesion or needless biopsies. Several non-invasive imaging modalities, e.g., confocal scanning laser microscopy or multiphoton laser scanning microscopy, have been explored for skin cancer assessment, which have been aligned with different artificial intelligence (AI) strategies to assist in the diagnostic task, based on several image features, thus making the process more reliable and faster. This systematic review concerns the implementation of AI methods for skin tumor classification with different imaging modalities, following the PRISMA guidelines. In total, 206 records were retrieved and qualitatively analyzed. Diagnostic potential was found for several techniques, particularly for dermoscopy images, with strategies yielding classification results close to perfection. Learning approaches based on support vector machines and artificial neural networks seem to be preferred, with a recent focus on convolutional neural networks. Still, detailed descriptions of training/testing conditions are lacking in some reports, hampering reproduction. The use of AI methods in skin cancer diagnosis is an expanding field, with future work aiming to construct optimal learning approaches and strategies. Ultimately, early detection could be optimized, improving patient outcomes, even in areas where healthcare is scarce.
A Balanced Mission Planning for Multiple Unmanned Underwater Vehicles in Complex Marine Environments
Authors: Li Tianbo , Sun Siqing , Dong Huachao , Qin Dezhou , Liu Dashun
Published: October 2024

The collaboration of a multiple unmanned underwater vehicles (multi-UUVs) system has attracted widespread attention in recent years, as it can overcome the limitations of a single UUV and enhance mission completion efficiency. Oriented towards patrol and exploration missions with multiple waypoints, this paper proposes a balanced mission planning strategy, aiming to improve mission quality while reducing mission time for multi-UUVs. Firstly, due to the uneven performance of the two optimization objectives, a quick initialization screening method is employed specifically for mission quality to reduce the mission space. Secondly, to ensure mission load distribution and collaboration among multi-UUVs, and ease the difficulty in solving the issues of mission allocation and route planning, a balanced bi-level mission planning method based on regional segmentation is proposed. Finally, applicable weight evaluation criteria are utilized to evaluate the feasible solution set and determine the optimal solution. The efficacy of the balanced mission planning strategy is substantiated through comprehensive numerical simulations in a complex 2D marine environment.
Intellectual Capital: Revisiting an Analytical Model
Authors: Martins António Eduardo , Lopes Albino
Published: October 2024

The world’s economy is experiencing important changes brought on by diverse factors, namely technological advancements, the appearance and diffusion of personal computers, high-speed telecommunications, and the Internet. These technological changes have influenced the corporate environment, with recent decades denominated as the information economy, the digital economy, the economy of knowledge, a risk society, and the age of quality and innovation. To designate the key concept of the new economic era as “intellectual capital” implies a classification and evaluation effort in order to proceed with its generalization. In today’s world, the study of a model capable of adding explanatory diversity to intellectual capital is very relevant. We observed a true panoply of concepts in the analyzed models based on a literature review. The conceptual evolution during recent decades has motivated many investigations in this field, resulting from the phenomenon of globalization, growing technological innovation, and the observation of significant disparities between the market value and the accounting value of companies. This article describes an investigation carried out, presenting an explicative model of intellectual capital based on four distinct patterns, which are the aggregating factors of the existing conceptual diversity. We present the identification of a model with two axes, x (the type of knowledge, from tacit to explicit) and y (the capital of knowledge, from human to structural), which represents the conceptual diversity mirrored in four quadrants resulting from the research carried out with an initial exploratory study and two following studies with 45 and 72 specialists. In this article we analyze the Martins model, which proves to be essential for systematizing and mapping the dimensions that intellectual capital includes. This model can be used to identify the different aspects of intellectual capital in an organization and thus contribute to its understanding, optimization and good management.
The Coupling Coordination Relationship and Driving Factors of the Digital Economy and High-Quality Development of Rural Tourism: Insights from Chinese Experience Data
Authors: Liu Hanni , Tan Zhixiong , Xia Zancai
Published: October 2024

Globally, rural tourism development faces challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, insufficient marketing resources, and unreliable service quality, all of which limit its potential. However, digital technology offers unprecedented opportunities to address these barriers. China’s experience in integrating digital technology into rural tourism provides a valuable case study for understanding the digitalization of rural tourism. This study constructs an index system to assess the coupling coordination relationship between the digital economy and the high-quality development of rural tourism (HQDRT). By employing methods such as the entropy method, coupling coordination degree model, obstacle factor model, and geographic detector, the study examines the evolution of this coupling coordination relationship and its driving mechanisms across 31 provinces (including regions and municipalities) in China from 2012 to 2021. The findings reveal that (1) The development of the digital economy generally lags behind that of the rural tourism, but the coupling coordination relationship between the two is steadily improving. (2) The level of coupling coordination increases from west to east, with spatial distribution patterns evolving from ‘antagonism’ to ‘adaptation’ and then to ‘coordination’ as they move eastward. Most provinces belong to the ‘adaptation’ type. (3) From a nationwide perspective, the primary obstacles impeding the development of the digital economy include an insufficient internet penetration rate, which consequently leads to underdeveloped internet finance development and telecommunications industry development. The major barriers to the HQDRT stem from an inadequate number of tourists and a lack of physical infrastructure. (4) Population density, consumer spending, and R&D are significant drivers of the coupling coordination relationship, with the interaction between urbanization rates and other factors generally weakening the degree of coupling.
Religious Slaughter and Supranational Jurisprudence in the Context of Animal Welfare Science
Authors: Dimuccio Michela Maria , Conforti Virginia , Celano Gaetano Vitale , Celentano Francesco Emanuele , Ceci Federico , Bozzo Giancarlo
Published: October 2024

Within the European socio-cultural landscape, which is increasingly attuned to animal welfare concerns and characterized by growing multiculturalism, ritual slaughter has become a subject of considerable debate due to its legal, economic, and health implications. This debate is increasingly fueled by interventions by judicial bodies that, not infrequently, have filled protection gaps in legislation on the relationship between human rights and the treatment of animals. In this review, the authors aim to describe the evolutionary path of supranational jurisprudence in the case of religious slaughter, focusing on the most recent animal welfare decision rendered by the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) on 13 February 2024. This innovative judgement, in line with other precedents, indicates the orientation of the international and European law, which, driven by public morality, is increasingly characterized by the compression of human rights in favor of animal interests.
Genetic Variants Associated with Sensitive Skin: A Genome-Wide Association Study in Korean Women
Authors: Kim Seoyoung , Hong Kyung-Won , Oh Mihyun , An Susun , Han Jieun , Park Sodam , Kim Goun , Cho Jae Youl
Published: October 2024

Sensitive skin (SS) is associated with discomfort, including burning, stinging, and itching. These symptoms are often exacerbated by environmental factors and personal care products. In this genome-wide association study (GWAS), we aimed to identify the genetic variants associated with SS in 1690 Korean female participants; 389 and 1301 participants exhibited sensitive and non-sensitive skin, respectively. Using a combination of self-reported questionnaires, patch tests, and sting tests, we selected 115 sensitive and 181 non-sensitive participants for genetic analysis. A GWAS was performed to identify the loci associated with SS. Although none of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) met the genome-wide significance threshold, we identified several SNPs with suggestive associations. SNP rs11689992 in the 2q11.3 region increased SS risk by approximately 3.67 times. SNP rs7614738 in the USP4 locus elevated SS risk by 2.34 times and was found to be an expression quantitative trait locus for GPX1, a gene involved in oxidative stress and inflammation. Additionally, SNPs rs12306124 in the RASSF8 locus and rs10483893 in the NRXN3 region were identified. These results suggest that the genetic variations affecting oxidative stress, cell growth regulation, and neurobiology potentially influence skin sensitivity, providing a basis for further investigation and the development of personalized approaches to manage sensitive skin.
Hip Manipulation Increases Electromyography Amplitude and Hip Joint Performance: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Studnicki Rafał , Skup Karol , Sochaj Monika , Niespodziński Bartłomiej , Aschenbrenner Piotr , Laskowski Radosław , Łuczkiewicz Piotr
Published: October 2024

(1) Background: Activation of the gluteus medius (GM) muscle while minimizing the involvement of the tensor fascia latae (TFL) is crucial in treating many lower limb and lumbar spine injuries. Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of joint manipulations in regulating muscle activity. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of hip joint manipulation (HJM) on the muscle strength and activity (GM and TFL) of hip abductors in asymptomatic young participants. (2) Methods: The study followed a double-blind randomized controlled design. Thirty healthy, physically active women and men, free from spinal and lower limb injuries, voluntarily participated. The participants were allocated to two groups: those allocated to the HJM intervention and those in the control group receiving a sham intervention. They were assessed before and after the intervention using surface electromyography to measure muscle activation (EMGRMS) of the GM and TFL during maximal voluntary isometric hip abduction. (3) Results: HJM resulted in a significant increase in EMGRMS amplitude solely within the GM muscle (p < 0.01); (4) Conclusions: This study suggests that HJM may increase EMGRMS amplitude in the GM muscle; however, the effects are neither statistically nor clinically significant when compared to the control group for most of the muscles analyzed.
The Benefits of a Rehabilitation Program Following Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Burcea Claudia-Camelia , Oancea Maria-Daniela-Antonia , Tache-Codreanu Diana-Lidia , Georgescu Luminița , Neagoe Ioana-Cristina , Sporea Corina
Published: October 2024

The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is critical for patellar stability. This study investigates the efficacy of a one-year physical therapy rehabilitation program following MPFL reconstruction using Synthetic Graft (SG) and Quadriceps Tendon Autograft (QTA). Thirty-five patients aged 18–38 underwent MPFL reconstruction (20 SG, 15 QTA). They participated in a structured rehabilitation program to improve their range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, pain management, and overall quality of life (QoL). The program included physiotherapy and MLS laser, Game Ready Therapy, EMS, TENS, TECAR, and lymphatic drainage. Before and after the program, assessments included knee flexion and extension using goniometry, muscle strength via the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale, knee circumference, pain intensity on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and QoL with the EQ-5D instrument. Significant improvements were observed in knee flexion (37.57° vs. 114.71°, p < 0.001), muscle strength (MRC scale 1–4 points vs. 4–5 points, p < 0.001), and pain reduction (VAS 6.66 vs. 0.46, p < 0.001). The functional coefficient of mobility and QoL scores also markedly increased. Patients with QTA improved some parameters better than those with SG. These findings support the effectiveness of a comprehensive rehabilitation program in enhancing knee functionality, reducing pain, and improving QoL post-MPFL reconstruction. Personalized rehabilitation protocols are recommended to optimize recovery outcomes.
Biomechanic Differences Between Anticipated and Unanticipated Volleyball Block Jump: Implications for Lower Limb Injury Risk
Authors: Zhao Hongxin , Liu Xiangyu , Dan Linfei , Xu Datao , Li Jianshe
Published: October 2024

Volleyball is a high-intensity sport characterized by repetitive jumping, sudden directional changes, and overhead movements, all of which significantly increase the risk of injuries, particularly to the shoulders, knees, and ankles. Despite the frequency of injuries caused by actions like blocking and spiking, there has been limited research focused on the specific biomechanical risk factors unique to volleyball. This study aimed to investigate the lower limb biomechanics during block jumps in both the dominant and non-dominant directions, under both anticipated and unanticipated conditions, in fifteen elite male volleyball players. Kinematic and kinetic data from the ankle, knee, and hip joints were recorded. Our results revealed statistically significant differences between the dominant and non-dominant directions at the ankle, knee, and hip joints. The non-dominant direction exhibited a greater ankle dorsiflexion angle and velocity, as well as higher knee flexion angle, velocity, moment, power, and abduction moment, along with increased hip flexion angle and power. Additionally, unanticipated movements led to increases in vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), hip extension moment, and flexion power, while ankle dorsiflexion plantarflexion velocity and knee flexion power decreased. It appears that movements in the dominant direction were stiffer and less cushioned, potentially increasing the risk of injury. While the non-dominant direction provided better shock absorption, it also elevated the knee valgus moment, which could increase the load on the knee. Furthermore, in unanticipated situations, athletes with short reaction times, unable to quickly adjust their automated movement patterns, faced a higher risk of limb overuse, thereby increasing the likelihood of injury. In practice, coaches should consider differences in limb coordination and movement direction, incorporating unilateral preventive exercises to reduce the risk of injury.
The Role of Digital Rectal Examination for Early Detection of Significant Prostate Cancer in the Era of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Morote Juan , Paesano Nahuel , Picola Natàlia , Muñoz-Rodriguez Jesús , Ruiz-Plazas Xavier , Muñoz-Rivero Marta V. , Celma Ana , García-de Manuel Gemma , Miró Berta , Abascal José M. , Servian Pol , Méndez Olga , Trilla Enrique
Published: October 2024

The role of digital rectal examination (DRE) in the early detection of significant prostate cancer (PCa) is being questioned in the era of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, some men with suspected PCa may still be identified solely through DRE, even with low serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Additionally, most predictive models designed to improve significant PCa diagnostic pathways incorporate DRE findings. We assessed the role of DRE among 5005 men with serum PSA levels > 3.0 ng/mL and/or suspicious DRE findings, who underwent pre-biopsy MRI and targeted and/or systematic biopsies, as part of the significant PCa opportunistic screening program in Catalonia (Spain) between 2016 and 2023. Significant PCa, defined as grade group > 2, was detected in 2097 men (41.9%). Suspicion of PCa was based solely on DRE in 206 cases (4.1%) with significant PCa detected in 50 of them (2.4%). Two pathways using the Barcelona predictive models, before and after MRI, with and without DRE findings showed specificities of 52.8 and 38.7%, respectively (p < 0.001), after fixing sensitivity at 90%. Prostate biopsy was avoided in 35.1 and 26.7%, respectively (p < 0.001), while its efficacy increased from 52.8 to 58%. We conclude that DRE improved the effectiveness of an opportunistic significant PCa-screening program.
Two-Staged Technology for CoCr Stent Production by SLM
Authors: Kilina Polina , Drozdov Andrey , Kuchumov Alex G. , Morozov Evgeniy , Sirotenko Lyudmila , Smetkin Andrey
Published: October 2024

Additive manufacturing of porous materials with a specific macrostructure and tunable mechanical properties is a state-of-the-art area of material science. Additive technologies are widely used in industry due to numerous advantages, including automation, reproducibility, and freedom of design. Selective laser melting (SLM) is one of the advanced techniques among 3D fabrication methods. It is widely used to produce various medical implants and devices including stents. It should be noticed that there is a lack of information on its application in stent production. The paper presents the technological aspects of CoCr stent SLM fabrication, including design of stents and development of regimes for their manufacturing. Physical, chemical, and technological properties of CoCr powder were initially determined. Parametric design of mesh stent models was adopted. A two-stage approach was developed to ensure dimensional accuracy and quality of stents. The first stage involves a development of the single-track fusion process. The second stage includes the stent manufacturing according to determined technological regimes. The single-track fusion process was simulated to assign laser synthesis parameters for stent fabrication. Melting bath temperature and laser regimes providing such conditions were determined. Twenty-seven SLM manufacturing regimes were realized. Dependence of single-tracks width and height on the laser power, exposition time, and point distance was revealed. The qualitative characteristics of tracks imitating the geometry of the stent struts as well as favorable and unfavorable fusion regimes were determined. The results of surface roughness regulating of the stents’ structural elements by various methods were analyzed. Thus, this two-staged approach can be considered as a fundamental approach for CoCr stent SLM fabrication.
Quantum Machine Learning: Exploring the Role of Data Encoding Techniques, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Ranga Deepak , Rana Aryan , Prajapat Sunil , Kumar Pankaj , Kumar Kranti , Vasilakos Athanasios V.
Published: October 2024

Quantum computing and machine learning (ML) have received significant developments which have set the stage for the next frontier of creative work and usefulness. This paper aims at reviewing various data-encoding techniques in Quantum Machine Learning (QML) while highlighting their significance in transforming classical data into quantum systems. We analyze basis, amplitude, angle, and other high-level encodings in depth to demonstrate how various strategies affect encoding improvements in quantum algorithms. However, they identify major problems with encoding in the framework of QML, including scalability, computational burden, and noise. Future directions for research outline these challenges, aiming to enhance the excellence of encoding techniques in the constantly evolving quantum technology setting. This review shall enable the researcher to gain an enhanced understanding of data encoding in QML, and it also suggests solutions to the current limitations in this area.
Analysing Flexural Response in RC Beams: A Closed-Form Solution Designer Perspective from Detailed to Simplified Modelling
Authors: Imamović Denis , Skrinar Matjaž
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a detailed analytical approach for the bending analysis of reinforced concrete beams, integrating both structural mechanics principles and Eurocode 2 provisions. The general analytical expressions derived for the curvature were applied for the transverse displacement analysis of a simply supported reinforced concrete beam under four-point loading, focusing on key limit states: the initiation of cracking, the yielding of tensile reinforcement and the compressive failure of concrete. The displacement’s results were validated through experimental testing, showing a high degree of accuracy in the elastic and crack propagation phases. Deviations in the yielding phase were attributed to the conservative material assumptions within the Eurocode 2 framework, though the analytical model remained reliable overall. To streamline the computational process for more complex structures, a simplified model utilising a non-linear rotational spring was further developed. This model effectively captures the influence of cracking with significantly reduced computational effort, making it suitable for serviceability limit state analyses in complex loading scenarios, such as seismic impacts. The results demonstrate that combining detailed analytical methods with this simplified model provides an efficient and practical solution for the analysis of reinforced concrete beams, balancing precision with computational efficiency.
H∞ Filtering of Mean Field Stochastic Differential Systems
Authors: Lv Siqi , Hou Ting
Published: October 2024

This paper addresses the H∞ filtering problem for mean field stochastic differential systems that involve both state-dependent and disturbance-dependent noise. We assume that the state as well as the measurement output is distracted by an uncertain exogenous disturbance. Firstly, a sufficient condition for the stochastic-bounded real lemma is given. Next, H∞ filtering, which is built upon a stochastic-bounded real lemma, is put forward by two linear matrix inequalities. Furthermore, the validation of the theoretical analysis is demonstrated with two examples.
3D Reconstruction of Geometries for Urban Areas Supported by Computer Vision or Procedural Generations
Authors: Liu Hanli , Hellín Carlos J. , Tayebi Abdelhamid , Delgado Carlos , Gómez Josefa
Published: October 2024

This work presents a numerical mesh generation method for 3D urban scenes that could be easily converted into any 3D format, different from most implementations which are limited to specific environments in their applicability. The building models have shaped roofs and faces with static colors, combining the buildings with a ground grid. The building generation uses geographic positions and shape names, which can be extracted from OpenStreetMap. Additional steps, like a computer vision method, can be integrated into the generation optionally to improve the quality of the model, although this is highly time-consuming. Its function is to classify unknown roof shapes from satellite images with adequate resolution. The generation can also use custom geographic information. This aspect was tested using information created by procedural processes. The method was validated by results generated for many realistic scenarios with multiple building entities, comparing the results between using computer vision and not. The generated models were attempted to be rendered under Graphics Library Transmission Format and Unity Engine. In future work, a polygon-covering algorithm needs to be completed to process the building footprints more effectively, and a solution is required for the missing height values in OpenStreetMap.
Nested Sentiment Analysis for ESG Impact: Leveraging FinBERT to Predict Market Dynamics Based on Eco-Friendly and Non-Eco-Friendly Product Perceptions with Explainable AI
Authors: Saxena Aradhana , Santhanavijayan A. , Shakya Harish Kumar , Kumar Gyanendra , Balusamy Balamurugan , Benedetto Francesco
Published: October 2024

In the current era, the environmental component of ESG is recognized as a major driver due to the pressing challenges posed by climate change, population growth, global warming, and shifting weather patterns. The environment must be considered a critical factor, and as evidenced by existing research, it is regarded as the dominant component within ESG. In this study, the ESG score is derived primarily from the environmental score. The increasing importance of the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors in financial markets, along with the growing need for sentiment analysis in sustainability, has necessitated the development of advanced sentiment analysis techniques. A predictive model has been introduced utilizing a nested sentiment analysis framework, which classifies sentiments towards eco-friendly and non-eco-friendly products, as well as positive and negative sentiments, using FinBERT. The model has been optimized with the AdamW optimizer, L2 regularization, and dropout to assess how sentiments related to these product types influence ESG metrics. The “black-box” nature of the model has been addressed through the application of explainable AI (XAI) to enhance its interpretability. The model demonstrated an accuracy of 91.76% in predicting ESG scores and 99% in sentiment classification. The integration of XAI improves the transparency of the model’s predictions, making it a valuable tool for decision-making in making sustainable investments. This research is aligned with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 12 and SDG 13), contributing to the promotion of sustainable practices and fostering improved market dynamics.
The Role of 5-Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors (PDE-5I) in Current Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Treatment: A Narrative Review
Authors: Stamatiou Konstantinos , Perletti Gianpaolo , Magri Vittorio , Trinchieri Alberto
Published: October 2024

Introduction: 5-phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-5I) have been investigated as a treatment for urinary dysfunction for almost a decade. The general perception is that they play a significant role in managing lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), particularly those associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, the specific biochemical processes by which PDE-5I repairs urinary function are still poorly understood and there is little instrumental evidence of significant improvement in urinary symptoms. Therefore, we explore the role of 5-phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-5I) as complementary to the conventional treatment of symptomatic BPH; we provide the suggested biological procedures involved in the association between PDE-5 inhibitor use and improvement in LUTS; and we propose new approaches to this topic. Material and Methods: A systematic search for clinical trials, experimental studies, and systematic reviews was performed in electronic libraries (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus) using the terms “benign prostate hypertrophy”, “benign prostate hyperplasia”, “lower urinary tract symptoms”, “storage symptoms”, “voiding symptoms”, “bladder outlet obstruction” and the keywords “mechanism of action”, “synergy”, “PDE-5 inhibitor”, “alpha1-adrenergic antagonist”, “5-alpha-reductase inhibitors” in various combinations. There was no restriction on publication date. Results: To date, only a few randomized studies have been published in which the effect of the combination of a conventional drug for the treatment of symptomatic BPH and a PDE-5I was investigated. Almost all showed significant improvement in IPSS and QoL. Some studies showed significant improvements in maximum urine flow (Qmax) and postvoiding residual volume (PVR) with combination therapy compared with a single agent alone. Conclusions: PDE-5I seems effective in relieving symptoms of some BPH patients when administered as complementary to agents currently used to treat BPH. However, the mechanism of action of PDE-5 inhibitors in LUTS remains poorly understood and it is difficult to determine the specific subset of BPH patients who will benefit from the combination of PDE-5 inhibitors with the current treatment. Well-designed, sufficiently informative comparative studies focusing on specific target group profiles (age, urogenital parameters) are needed to define new therapeutic options.
Influence of Tool Wear and Workpiece Diameter on Surface Quality and Prediction of Surface Roughness in Turning
Authors: Li Chunxiao , Zhao Guoyong , Ji Dong , Zhang Guangteng , Liu Limin , Zeng Fandi , Zhao Zhihuan
Published: October 2024

In turning, tool wear and cutting vibration are inevitable, which have great influence on surface quality. Analyzing the influence mechanism of tool wear and cutting vibration on surface quality is important to achieve the accurate prediction of surface roughness before machining and improve machining quality. In this paper, a turning vibration experiment is conducted to reveal that the diameter of shafts is an important factor affecting the vibration amplitude and frequency. In addition, based on machining parameters, tool wear and workpiece diameter, this empirical model, the response surface method and a support vector machine are used to model and predict surface roughness. The fitting accuracy, prediction accuracy and generalization performance of the proposed methods are compared in detail. The results show that the response surface modeling method has the highest fitting accuracy, but the exponential empirical modeling method has the highest prediction accuracy and best generalization performance. Additionally, the prediction results indicate that the surface roughness increases with the increase in tool wear and decreases with the increase in workpiece diameter.