bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D-Inspektion im Stahlwerk: kein „heißes Eisen“ für das Vision-System
Authors: Weinhofer Markus
Published: May 2021

Optische 3D-Inspektion in der Heißproduktion von Stranggussanlagen, Warm- und Rohrwalzwerken – dort, wo flimmernde Oberflächen, Hitze, Zunder, Schmutz und Feuchtigkeit an der Tagesordnung sind? Für die IMS Messsysteme GmbH – Marktführer auf diesem Gebiet – ist dies eine wesentliche Kernkompetenz. Das Unternehmen setzt nun seit über einem Jahr einen 3D-Vision-Sensor ein, der die Performance der eigenen Inspektionssysteme deutlich verbessert und zugleich neue Anwendungsfelder und Geschäftsmöglichkeiten erschließt.
Muting neu erfunden
Authors: Packeiser Jörg
Published: May 2021

In Handling- und Montageanlagen befinden sich oft Gefahrenbereiche, die gegen unbefugten Zutritt gesichert werden müssen. Gleichzeitig soll jedoch ein Materialtransport in den Gefahrenbereich hin- ein und aus diesem Bereich heraus erfolgen. Die Firma Leuze electronic hat für solche Aufgaben ein interessantes Konzept entwickelt: das auf signalgebende Sensoren verzichtende Muting-Verfahren „Smart Process Gating“, das nachfolgend vorgestellt wird.
Gelungene Zusammensetzung
Authors: Bittner Angelika
Published: May 2021

Eine hohe Leistungsdichte und lange Standzeiten sind wichtige Anforderungen an moderne Getriebe. Als führender Getriebemotorenhersteller stellte sich SEW-Eurodrive dieser Herausforderung und ent- wickelte ein Premium-Getriebeöl für jeden Getriebetyp und Anwendungsbereich. Aus der fruchtbaren Zusammenarbeit mehrerer Unternehmensbereiche sowie externer Entwicklungspartner entstand das Portfolio einer Getriebeölreihe, die weltweit angeboten wird.
Die wahren Ursachen für vorzeitigen Lagerausfall
Authors: Vegter Reinder H. , Stadler Kenred , Vaes David
Published: May 2021

Das vorzeitige Versagen eines Lagers wird häufig auf weiß anätzende Risse, die sogenannten „White Etching Cracks“, zurückgeführt. Tatsächlich sind solche Risse aber eher eine Folge als der Auslöser von Schäden, wie SKF bei der Fahndung nach den wahren Ausfall-Ursachen herausgefunden hat.
Forscherteams wollen unterschiedliche Werkstoffe innovativ verbinden
Authors: Staub Claudia
Published: May 2021

Für die moderne Fertigungstechnik sind zunehmend leichte und smarte Bauteile erforderlich. Ein Ansatz besteht darin, unterschiedliche Werkstoffe zu verbinden, um so optimale Eigenschaften zu erreichen. Koordiniert durch die TU Darmstadt untersuchten Forscherteams, durch welche neuen Verfahren sich Werkstoffe dauerhaft verbinden lassen, welche Technologien dafür geeignet sind und wie eine industrielle Anwendung ermöglicht werden kann.
Gezielte Beeinflussung der einsatzrelevanten Bauteileigenschaften kaltfließgepresster Zahnräder/Targeted Influencing of the Mission-Relevant Component Properties of Cold-Forged Gearwheels
Authors: Rohrmoser Andreas , Kiener Christoph , Schubert Dominik , Hagenah Hinnerk , Drummer Dietmar , Merklein Marion
Published: May 2021

Inhalt: Das Kaltfließpressen von Verzahnungen bietet das Potential, einsatzfertige Zahnräder in einem serientauglichen Prozess herzustellen. In der Materialpaarung mit einem Kunststoffzahnrad wirken sich die Bauteileigenschaften des Stahlzahnrades maßgeblich auf das Verschleißverhalten und die Lebensdauer der Paarung aus. Hieraus ergeben sich Anforderungen an die Bauteileigenschaften, die bei der Auslegung des Fließpressprozesses zu berücksichtigen sind. Im Rahmen des vorliegenden Beitrags wird die Verbesserung des Einlaufverhaltens einer Stahl-Polyamid-Zahnradpaarung durch gezielte Einstellung der Bauteileigenschaften des fließgepressten Stahlritzels untersucht.
Alternative Getriebebauart steigert Performance von Fräs-Dreh-Zentren
Authors: Sprenger Volker
Published: May 2021

Auf der Messe AMB 2018 feierte die neue Fräs-Dreh-Zentrum-Baureihe MT 733 von Stama für die sechs-Seiten-Komplettbearbeitung ihre Weltpremiere. Die modulare MT-Plattform mit vier Typen setzt hinsichtlich Stabilität und Präzision neue Maßstäbe, entscheidend ermöglicht durch die Steifigkeit, Spielfreiheit und Positioniergenauigkeit des in die B-Achse integrierten „Galaxie“-Antriebssystems von Wittenstein.
In Position mit IO-Link
Authors: Müller Moritz
Published: May 2021

Busfähige Positionsanzeigen und Stellantriebe sind heute nicht mehr aus dem Maschinenbau wegzudenken. Sie helfen, Formatverstellungen effizienter und prozesssicher zu machen, sodass Produktionsanlagen für immer kleinere Losgrößen flexibel umgerüstet werden können.
Teamwork der Antriebskonzepte in Handhabung und Montage
Authors: Glück Markus
Published: May 2021

Die industrielle Automation steht an einem Wendepunkt: Bilden pneumatische Greifwerkzeuge bis heute das Rückgrat in Montage und Handhabung, entwickelt sich seit einigen Jahren auch die Mechatronik zu einer zentralen Größe. Was auf den ersten Blick wie ein Wettstreit der Antriebskonzepte erscheint, entpuppt sich bei genauerem Hinsehen als hochgradig effiziente Spezialisierung. Geschickt kombinieren immer mehr Integratoren und Anlagenbauer die Stärken aus beiden Antriebswelten.
Sichere Nietverbindungen
Authors: Pfeiffer Wolfgang
Published: May 2021

Für gewichtssparende Leichtbaukonzepte, die auf einem Materialmix basieren, kommt im globalen Karosseriebau als Hauptfügetechnologie das Halbhohlstanznieten zur Anwendung. Bei der Technologie von TOX Pressotechnik können die Niete verschiedenster Hersteller eingesetzt werden.
CAD/CAM- und PDM-Einführung gelungen
Authors: Obermann Karl
Published: May 2021

PDM kann man als einfache Datenbank in der Konstruktion einsetzen, für die Verwaltung von Modellen, Zeichnungen und Zusatzdokumenten. Oder man denkt es als umfassendes Datenverwaltungssystem für ein ganzes Unternehmen, sozusagen als PLM-System. Genau auf diesem anspruchsvollen Weg befindet sich die Baumann Maschinenbau Solms GmbH & Co. KG, die ihre CAD/CAM/PDM-Landschaft reorganisiert.
Schädigungsberechnung für instationäre mehrachsige Schwingungsbeanspruchungen auf Basis der Modifizierten Mohr-Mises-Hypothese/Fatigue Calculation for Transient Proportional and Non-Proportional Multiaxial Vibrational Stress for Component Optimisation based on the Modified Mohr-Mises-Hypothesis
Authors: Mertens Heinz , Kamieth René , Liebich Robert
Published: May 2021

INHALT Die vorzeichenbehafte Modifizierte Mohr-Mises-Hypothese (kurz MMMH) wurde in [1] (Langfassung) konsistent vervollständigt, sodass über die Bauteiloberfläche zusätzlich beliebige Normal- und Schubspannungen eingeleitet werden können. Dort werden auch die bisherigen Validierungen der MMMH für gekerbte Bauteile ohne äußere Oberflächenbe- anspruchungen aufgeführt, die sehr gute Übereinstimmungen zwischen Berechnung und Versuch im Zeit- und Dauerfestigkeitsbereich zeigen – dies ebenfalls im Praxiseinsatz [1]. Der Einsatz der MMMH für die Betriebsfestigkeitsberechnung gekerbter Bauteile mit instationären proportionalen und nichtproportionalen Beanspruchungen erscheint deshalb erfolgversprechend. Hierzu wird in diesem Beitrag ein Postprocessing entwickelt, das auf einer hystereseschleifen-bezogenen Rainflow-Zählung für periodische Prozesse beruht. Durch Bezug auf lastspielzahlbezogene Haigh-Schaubilder werden die Mittelspannungen der ausgezählten Hystereseschleifen herausgerechnet und ein mittelspannungsfreies Amplitudenkollektiv generiert, das schließlich eine praxisbezogene lineare Schädigungsberechnung ermöglicht. Für hochbeanspruchte Bauteile, die aus Platz- oder Gewichtsgründen nicht überdimensioniert werden können, kann die MMMH weitergehende Bauteiloptimierungen erschließen. Dies kann u.a. bei Bauteilen von Windenergieanlagen (WEA) bedeutsam werden, die derzeit nach Richtlinien [2], [3], [4] mit geeigneten Verfahren der kritischen Schnittebene ausgelegt werden müssen. Anhand eines simulierten repräsentativen instationären Bauteilbelastungsabschnitts einer WEA wird das entwickelte Postprocessing exemplarisch demonstriert.
Leistungsdichte, Produktivität, Energieeffizienz: Servoaktuatorik im Optimum
Authors: Markert Timo , Wallauer Siegfried
Published: May 2021

Die Servoaktuatoren der Baureihe „premo“ stehen schon durch ihr modulares Konstruktionsprinzip für applikationsfokussierte Flexibilität, für konsequente Leistungsdichte und Produktivität sowie für energieeffizientes Downsizing. Zahlreiche Maschinenbauer optimieren darüber hinaus mit der Aus- legungssoftware „cymex 5“ die individuelle Dimensionierung ihrer Servoaktuatoren – und erschließen so erhebliche Leistungsreserven.
Fördertechnik smart gelöst
Authors: Ricke Tim-Oliver
Published: May 2021

Die Auswahl der Antriebstechnik für Förderanlagen erfolgt normalerweise anhand technischer Merk-male: Drehmoment, Stromverbrauch, Energie-Effizienz und noch einiger mehr. Neben den elektro- mechanischen Eigenschaften können aber auch besondere konstruktive Vorteile zur Entscheidung herangezogen werden. Wie wäre es, wenn der gewählte Antrieb den halben Schaltschrank und mehr als zwei Drittel der bisher eingesetzten Varianten überflüssig macht?
Servoantriebe produzieren hohe Presskräfte
Authors: Nimz Marco
Published: May 2021

In der Fertigungs- und Montagetechnik stellt sich oftmals die Frage, mit welcher Antriebsart Presskräfte prozesssicher und dabei wirtschaftlich erzeugt werden können. Tox Pressotechnik, bekannt in erster Linie als Marktführer bei pneumohydraulischen Lösungen, hat auch bei elektromechanischen Servoantrieben gewohnt erstklassige Technik zu bieten.
Integration von High-Performance- Computing in die simulationsunterstützte Produktentwicklung
Authors: Lange Christopher , Tremmel Stephan , Rieg Frank
Published: May 2021

Inhalt High-Performance-Computing (HPC) ermöglicht Unternehmen simulationsunterstützte Produktentstehungsprozesse durch Bereitstellung von massiv-paralleler Recheninfrastruktur zu beschleunigen. Die Integration von HPC in die Produktentwicklung ist sowohl prozess- als auch systemseitig komplex und aufgrund der finanziellen Aufwendungen risikobehaftet. Daher haben besonders kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) eine hohe Einstiegshürde. Dieser Beitrag hat das Ziel die HPC-Integration für Unternehmen durch die Entwicklung eines Vorgehensmodells zu vereinfachen. Hierfür wird zunächst eine Klassifikation von rechenleistungs- und rechenkapazitätsorientierten Anwendungsfällen eingeführt und Potenziale von HPC für die Produktentwicklung diskutiert. Anschließend folgt eine Erläuterung der Vor- und Nachteile gängiger Architektur- und Servicemodelle im (cloud- und nicht-cloudbasierten) HPC-Kontext, welche mit der zuvor eingeführten Klassifikation synthetisiert wird. Dies stellt die Basis für das anschließend präsentierte und erläuterte Vorgehensmodell zur HPC-Integration dar. Das Modell erfüllt einerseits eine Unterstützungsfunktion für Unternehmen und fungiert andererseits als methodischer Rahmen für zukünftige Forschung an der Schnittstelle von ingenieurtechnischen Anwendungen und HPC.
Löwenzahnscreening als Methode zum anlagenbezogenen Umweltmonitoring/Dandelion-screening for monitoring ambient air pollution effects caused by industrial plants
Authors: Both Ralf , Hombrecher Katja
Published: May 2021

Vorgestellt wird ein neues passives Bioindikationsverfahren, mit dem anlagenbezogenes Umweltmonitoring mit einfachen Mitteln und zu nahezu jeder Jahreszeit möglich ist. Dabei werden im Umkreis eines Betriebes, der im Verdacht steht, Schadstoffimmissionen zu verursachen, Löwenzahnpflanzen (Taraxacum officinale) beprobt. Löwenzahn ist eine Nahrungspflanze, die in Deutschland ubiquitär verbreitet ist und sich dementsprechend in vielen Habitaten befindet: In Klein- und Hausgärten genauso wie auf Wiesen und Weiden sowie auf Ruderalstandorten. Löwenzahn kann dabei insbesondere für ein Monitoring von organischen Schadstoffen, wie Polychlorierten Biphenylen (PCB), Polyzyklischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen (PAK) oder Polychlorierten Dibenzo-Dioxinen und -Furanen (PCDD/F), eingesetzt werden. Für diese Schadstoffe wurden sowohl die Standardunsicherheiten des Verfahrens als auch die Orientierungswerte für den maximalen Hintergrundgehalt (OmH) bestimmt, die zur Beurteilung der ermittelten Gehalte in Löwenzahn herangezogen werden können. Das Verfahren wird am Beispiel eines Screenings im Umkreis von Betrieben zur Silikonherstellung näher beleuchtet.
Wasserstoff ist kein Erdgas
Authors: Genath Bernd
Published: May 2021

Im März verabschiedete der Deutsche Bundestag als Folge einer Vorgabe aus Brüssel einen Gesetzentwurf, der dem Wasserstoff als Erdgassubstitut in der Hausenergieversorgung nicht gerade die Tür öffnet. Im Gegenteil: Er hat zwar Wasserstoff zum Thema, stuft den Sektor TGA aber als nicht relevant ein. Warum?
Luftentfeuchtung durch Kondensation – Lufttrocknung durch Sorption
Authors: Achenbach Klaus
Published: May 2021

Die erste Frage, die sich dem HLK-Fachmann bei der Lösung eines Problems aus dem Bereich der Luftentfeuchtung beziehungsweise Trocknung stellt, ist jene nach der Auswahl des geeigneten Entfeuchtungssystems. Die Luftentfeuchtung durch Kondensation und die Trocknung der Luft durch Sorption stellen im Bereich der Gebäudetechnik etablierte und bewährte Technologien dar. Beide Systeme weisen jedoch physikalisch bedingte, spezielle Charakteristika im Betrieb auf und sind somit nicht gleichermaßen für jede Anwendung geeignet.
Infektionsschutz durch Lüftungsgeräte und Luftreiniger
Authors: Schaub Michael , Bamberger Konrad , Derwein Dennis , Rewitz Kai , Müller Dirk
Published: May 2021

Im ersten Teil dieses Beitrags (HLH Bd. 72 (2021) Nr. 4, S. 50-55) wurden Herausforderungen bei der experimentellen Bewertung des aerogenen Infektionsrisikos durch eine Messung der Aerosol- beziehungsweise Partikel-Konzentration in der Raumluft aufgezeigt. Darauf aufbauend wird nachfolgend anhand von Strömungs- visualisierungen und Spurengasmessungen gezeigt, dass bei einer quellluftartigen Luftführung ein größerer Teil der Zuluft direkt in die Atemzonen der Raumnutzenden transportiert werden kann.
Entwicklung moderner Prüfstände für Forschung, Lehre und Technologietransfer
Authors: Anisits Jack , Scheunemann Thomas , Le H.-T.
Published: May 2021

Im Rahmen des vom BMWi geförderten Forschungsprojektes „SmartAdapt“ (FK-03ET1431A) [1] werden an der Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin mehrere Prüfstände für hydraulische und thermische Untersuchungen an heiztechnischen Anlagen entwickelt und betrieben. Neben der Anwendung in der Forschung ermöglichen die Prüfstände den Einsatz sowohl in der Lehre als auch für Technologietransfer/Dienstleistungen. Im Fokus der aktuellen Forschung stehen insbesondere die Praxiserprobung und die Weiterentwicklung eines adaptiven Regelalgorithmus zur Betriebsoptimierung von Heizungsanlagen. Dieser wurde bereits im Vorgängerprojekt (FK-03ET1150A) entwickelt und umfassend validiert [2], [3].
Gute Parametrik, schlechte Parametrik
Authors: Hollenbeck P. , Waluga C.
Published: May 2021

Unseren Mitarbeitern im Kundenkontakt wird oft die Frage gestellt, warum gewisse Dinge nicht automatisch gehen, wo man doch jetzt eine vollparametrische Lösung als Grundlage nimmt. Nun, die Gründe sind vielfältig, denn parametrische Modellierung und Abhängigkeiten im Modell sind ein Fluch und ein Segen zugleich.
On the Normative and Legal Basis of the System of Social Protection in Uzbekistan
Authors:   Senior Lecturer Department of Philosophy and National Idea Tashkent State Technological University, Boyqobilova Parizod
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the normative and legal basis of comprehensive reforms and changes in the social protection system in Uzbekistan. It provides feedback on the reforms in the sector, as well as strategic goals for further development of the social protection system in the future. In this context, it is important for the state to properly organize social support for the population, especially low-income and large families, based on local conditions, the national mentality of the people, the way of life.
Efektivitas Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Materi Karakteristik Zat dan Perubahannya
Authors: Sugo Maria Novilia , Nasar Adrianus , Harso Aloisius
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan pembelajaran discovery learning terhadap hasil belajar IPA materi Karakteristik zat dan perubahannya. Jenis penelitian adalah ex-post facto dengan populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII SMPK Rokatenda Palue tahun pelajaran 2019/2020. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 48 siswa yang diperoleh dengan teknik proportionate simple random sampling. Data ditampilkan secara deskriptif dan diuji dengan perbedaan rata-rata melalui one sample t-test. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan one sample t-test  menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh dari model  discovery learning terhadap hasil belajar yang ditunjukkan pada nilai signifikan 0,000 < 0,05  di mana H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran discovery learning efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA Materi Karakteristik Zat dan Perubahannya
INCREASING YOUR CYBERSECURITY AWARENESS: UNDERSTANDING CYBERCRIME AND FINDING WAYS TO FIGHT IT
Authors: Zhuravel Mariana
Published: May 2021

Dependency on global cyberspace is rapidly increasing nowadays. Virtual reality generates opportunities for enterprises, governments and individuals; however it also poses significant threats to security on different levels including the national level, whereby key state infrastructures can become a target of cyber attacks. This was seen during the Covid-19 pandemic when the healthcare system in a number of countries experienced cyber threats, which in the example of the Czech Republic, led to severe disruption of the medical processes in a hospital. Thus, cybercrime can cause detrimental effects not only to individuals or business entities, but also to a large group of stakeholders. Infinite cyberspace, the anonymous character of cyber attackers, advances in technology and a lack of cyber security measures in place – these all give cybercrime a sophisticated and aggressive nature and as a result, make us more vulnerable to it. This article will consider different categories of cybercrime, namely, crimes against the person; crimes against property, and crimes against the government, drawing examples from real life cases. This will be followed by an exploration of the methods which should be employed in the fight against cybercrime. In addition, the EU legislative framework will be considered as an example of legal measures against cybercrime.
Key words: Internet, cyberspace, cybercrime, cyber attack, cyber threat, cybersecurity, ransomware, cyber terrorism, European Union legal framework, NIS Directive, ENISA, ways.
Governance of the modern state: the role of digital technologies
Authors: Sosnin Oleksandr
Published: May 2021

Today the whole set of political, legal, educational and economic relations in society and the state is absorbed by its information and communication space. It is in it that all the terms and concepts of the various sciences that study the material and virtual worlds are interpreted, and it is obvious that political science cannot stand aside in this process. In the turbulent conditions of transformation of socio-political processes, it differentiates and integrates the problems that form its structural content — the activities of government and its relations with civil society; political institutions, processes and systems; technologies of political activity and motivation of political behavior of leaders; political aspects of international relations; national security and the establishment of supranational power structures in the nation-state. All this and much of what is not named / mentioned is of interest to political science, which today, in particular, conceptualizes various ideas of organizing a global information and communication space in which information is generated, interpreted and consumed, interacting with informational scientists, economics, etc. all spheres of socio-political activity.
The article attempts to reveal the importance of the role of digital technologies in the transition from the model of e-government to digital: from a form of interaction to a new form of communication.
Leading countries of the world have already proved that the implementation and management of new information and communication technologies (ICT) requires society to fully concentrate and mobilize attention to the development of information and communication, as the goal is to cover the whole set of research and educational processes of political and economic life. Relationships related to the creation, accumulation, storage, processing, dissemination and protection of all types of information have always been present everywhere, but in modern conditions they have acquired special qualities and affect all spheres of society, affecting the rights of different groups and generations. In particular, the importance of human and social rights and states related to the circulation of information, such as freedom of expression, the right to information and access to information, the right to privacy, political or socio-economic rights, is growing significantly.
Key words: digital technologies, information and communication technologies, modern state, new forms of communication.
Review: Agricultural Countermeasure against Radiocesium Contaminated Field
Authors: Shinano T
Published: May 2021

In 2011, Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent tsunami caused severe damage on the TEPCO’s nuclear power plants in Fukushima prefecture. A large area of agricultural fields in Eastern Japan was suffered by substantial amount of radioactive materials (especially radiocesium) and tremendous efforts has been taken to remediate the contaminated fields. Though phytoremediation was expected to be effective to remove radiocesium, it did not work at least in this area. Actually physical decontamination was carried out, while it is still required to mitigate the transfer of the remaining radiocesium to the crops. For this purpose potassium application is adopted as a reliable method.
Assessment of the Hydraulic Performance of the Urban Drainage System due to Climate Change using DHI MIKE URBAN
Authors: Maryam M , Kumar R , Thahaby N
Published: May 2021

Changes in climate, waterlogging hazards and regional floods are more prominent in present context. The paper reviews potential of flood hazard in dense urban areas, using GIS-based 1-D hydrodynamic model (MIKE URBAN). The major factor contributing to the urban waterlogging in recent decades is the climatic variability and thus the long-term variations of precipitation and drainage system of an urban area were evaluated. MIKE URBAN (1-D) hydrodynamic model can be used to comprehensively simulate inundation processes. The model simulates the processes of rainfall and runoff, urban drainage, and flooding. MIKE URBAN can be used to appraise the potential immersion dangers of any planned drainage system. This paper reviews the increasingly urban flooding events expected in the future for the different cities across the globe. Thus, the surface runoff processes of cities need to examine the regional drainage system.
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of the Right Scapula
Authors: Moradi M , Babaniamansour S , Majidi M , Karkon-Shayan S , Firouzabadi MD , Atarodi A
Published: May 2021

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare granulomatous disease with an unknown origin. LCH occurs at any age and affects any organ. It is presented as self-limited to aggressive forms. Late diagnosis of LCH, after the evidence is revealed at the radiological imaging or microscopic investigations, aggravates the possible complications. This study reported a rare case of LCH with a bone lytic lesion at the right scapula with a good prognosis.
Emotional Intelligence of Post Graduate Students: A Primary Data Centric Analysis
Authors:   Assistant Teacher, Chandpara Bani Vidya Bithi (H.S.), P.O.- Chandpara Bazar, Pin- 743245, Dist. – North 24 Paraganas, KAR SANKAR
Published: May 2021

Our emotional intelligence (EI) indicates our capability for learning the various practical skills that are based on its components: self-awareness, managing emotions, maturity, empathy, and social skills & social competencies. Most of the emotions and feelings are well-formed in raising up in the family. Family plays an active role to build constructive emotions. An emotional person is capable to set his/her own goal according to his/her strengths and weaknesses. S/he can also critically evaluate himself/herself. Family helps individuals to maintain a healthy balance between emotions and logic. Generally, children who belong to a joint family, get more opportunities to be familiar with the different emotions. Se/he tries to behave according to their family members. Se/he has to realise others’ point of view too that motivates them to live together.
The Scope of Religious Truth
Authors: Goshen-Gottstein Alon
Published: May 2021

This introductory chapter explores the experience of the Sephardim, one of the two major branches of the Jewish people, in several major centres of urban civilization. It seeks to understand who they are and how their visit in certain cities left its impression upon them and distinguished them from other parts of the Jewish people. This chapter also recognizes that being 'Sephardi' means to be related in some fashion to Spain. Yet most bearers of that designation today never had any contact with Spain, nor did many of their ancestors. The chapter examines seven cities through which to explore the shaping of Sephardi identity. It also includes the descendants of Jews who lived in the Iberian peninsula before the Expulsion from Spain in 1492 and of Jews who received the refugees from Iberia afterwards.
Lewis Grassic Gibbon
Authors: Malcolm William K.
Published: May 2021

Lewis Grassic Gibbon galvanized the Scottish literary scene in 1932 with Sunset Song, the first novel of the epic trilogy A Scots Quair, that drew vividly upon his deprived upbringing on a small croft in Aberdeenshire to capture the zeitgeist of the early twentieth century. Yet his literary legacy extends significantly beyond his breakout book. The seventeen volumes that he amassed in his short life, under his own name of James Leslie Mitchell as well as his Scots pseudonym, demonstrate his versatility, as historian, essayist, biographer and fiction writer. His corpus pays testimony to his core principles, rooted in his rural upbringing: his restless humanitarianism and his deep veneration for the natural world. Set against an informed conspectus of Mitchell’s life and times and incorporating substantive new source material, this study provides a comprehensive and searching analysis of the canon of a combative writer whose fame in recent years – as cultural nationalist, left-wing libertarian, proto-feminist, neo-romantic visionary and trailblazing modernist – has carried far beyond his native land. In tune with the intellectual climate of the inter-war years, Gibbon emerges as a passionate advocate of revolutionary political activism; in addition, as a profound believer in the overarching primacy of nature, he is represented as a supreme practitioner in the field of ecofiction. Coupled with his modernist experimentation with language and narrative, this firmly establishes him amongst the foremost fiction writers of the twentieth century – uniquely, a figure whose achievement has consistently won both critical and popular acclaim.
Autofiction: Stained Radiance and The Thirteenth Disciple
Authors: Malcolm William K.
Published: May 2021

Mitchell’s first two novels are examined as works deploying the medium of imaginative literature for introspection and analysis of his own past. In reverse chronological order they recreate the narrative of his childhood and early adulthood, in the course of which they present a state of the nation critique of early twentieth century Britain. The forthright verisimilitude of the social realism is in keeping with the philosophical nihilism prevailing in the inter-war years, with the political responses of mainstream parties and of radical splinter groups such as the Anarchocommunist Party appearing unable to change society for the better. Mitchell’s technical experimentation with metafiction and intertextuality indicates the scale of his literary ambition, while his proto-feminist sympathies are marked by his reliance on female protagonists.
Setting Tales upon the Truth: Three Go Back, The Lost Trumpet and Gay Hunter
Authors: Malcolm William K.
Published: May 2021

While Mitchell was offhand about his imaginative romances, they are viewed here as more than just potboilers whose brand of utopian idealism was designed to garner widespread popularity. On the contrary, Mitchell employs a lightweight fiction form to promote key themes about society, human nature and historical evolution. Two of his fantasy novels are explored as classic time-travel yarns of Voyage and Return. The first of these, Three Go Back, invokes a natural Golden Age of the prehistoric past untrammelled by civilised values, while his last fantasy Gay Hunter constitutes a darker dystopian narrative informed by the contemporary rise of fascism in Europe. The intermediate romance The Lost Trumpet is appraised as a classic example of the popular genre of the Quest, an early form of magical realism set in Egypt in which pressing socio-political themes are addressed within the framing fantasy of an archaeological search for Joshua’s talismanic trumpet of Old Testament legend. Ultimately the fantasy form is viewed as uncongenial to Mitchell’s literary aspirations, although his formal experimentation in these novels was important to his literary development.
Introduction
Authors: Morgan-Owen David , Halewood Louis
Published: May 2021

This chapter explains the rationale for the volume, arguing that historical studies of economic warfare require greater nuance than has traditionally been afforded by an overreliance on conceptions developed by classical naval theorists such as Alfred Thayer Mahan. It presents an overview of the chapters in this collection, which are grouped around four key themes: neutrals and neutrality; the role of non-naval bureaucracies in conducting campaigns of economic warfare; the ways in which non-state actors have interacted with and taken advantage of episodes of economic warfare; and studies of economic warfare as an element in the broader grand strategy of states. The chapter concludes by offering suggestions for new approaches to understanding economic warfare and the sea. A more international approach which deconstructs the workings of the global economy promises rich rewards for new studies. Similarly, interrogating ideas about economic warfare, and the rhetoric surrounding its potency, may offer a better guide to understanding the reasons for its use in the past. Lastly, given that sea power matters chiefly in the ways in which it influences events on land, more must be done to excavate the link between action at sea and how it impinges on military operations on land.
Merchants of Fortune: Negotiating Spanish Neutrality in the American War of Independence
Authors: Brinkman Anna
Published: May 2021

Economic warfare, in the form of commerce predation, was a crucial part of Britain's strategy in the West Indies during the American War of Independence. The rebels relied on a flow of goods provided by Spanish, French, Dutch and British merchants which British warships and privateers tried to stem. Britain's peaceful relations with the other three powers in the region depended greatly on being perceived to justly conduct economic warfare without breaking maritime law or bilateral treaties. British strategy during the war, therefore, was a fine line between crippling the rebels through aggressive commerce predation without giving cause for grievance to the other regional powers.
The war opened several commercial opportunities in the form of smuggling and privateering. Merchants intentionally blurred the boundaries between enemies and allies to suit a given commercial venture. These blurred boundaries in the Americas were problematic for British ministers and Admiralty officials entrusted with prosecuting the war. Maritime treaties and international law were constantly reinterpreted in an attempt to avoid ruptures with other colonial powers, achieve Britain's war aims, and lend credence to British policy.
Sea Power and Neutrality: The American Experience in Europe during the French Wars, 1793–1812
Authors: Marzagalli Silvia
Published: May 2021

This chapter analyses the systemic effects of the Franco-British revolutionary and Napoleonic wars on American trade and shipping. The recourse to neutral carriers consistently reduced the impact of belligerents’ economic warfare against enemy trade, but it also alleviated the consequences of the enemy’s disruptive policy on its own economy. Merchants of neutral countries took advantage of the context to expand their business, but the range of their opportunities varied in time and space, as they depended on the evolving needs of each of the belligerents, and the sea power in a given area. As a result, American ships met with different opportunities in Bordeaux, with its rich agricultural hinterland – where they considerably sustained local interests – and in the Mediterranean, where they faced the fierce competition of other neutral carriers, and met consistent difficulties in preserving their neutrality with regards to European belligerents and Barbary States. While pointing at the difficulty of concretely implementing economic warfare, the comparison also illustrates the need to precisely contextualise the effects of economic warfare.
Poetry & Listening
Authors: Skoulding Zoë
Published: May 2021

Listening has always mattered in poetry, but how does poetry change when listening has been transformed? In Poetry and Listening: The Noise of Lyric, the field of sound studies, which has revolutionised research in contemporary music, is brought into dialogue with new lyric criticism. Examining poetry as mediated by performance, technology and translation, this book discovers how contemporary poetry has been re-energised by the influence of recorded sound and influenced by the creative methods that emerged with it. It offers an exploration of contemporary poetry’s acoustic contexts, moving beyond traditional analysis of poetic form to consider the social, political and ecological dimensions of a poem's sounds and silences. Through detailed discussion of innovative English-language poetry from the UK and USA, including works by Denise Riley, Sean Bonney, Caroline Bergvall, Mei-mei Berssenbrugge, Carol Watts, Claudia Rankine, Vahni Capildeo, Tom Raworth, Emma Bennett, Jonathan Skinner, Holly Pester, Tracie Morris, Hannah Silva, Rhys Trimble, Peter Hughes, Jeff Hilson and Tim Atkins, it argues for the centrality of listening to a form of composition in which language not only represents sonic experience but is part of it. With reference to Jean-Luc Nancy’s distinction between hearing and listening, alongside other key theorists of sound and noise, it shows how poetry offers insights into sensory perception, and how it charts acoustic relationships between language and the environment.
Acousmatics: Sounded/Silent Text in Caroline Bergvall’s Drift
Authors: Skoulding Zoë
Published: May 2021

Rather than accepting a particular language as a bounded entity, the UK-based French-Norwegian poet Caroline Bergvall positions her multimedia work Drift within the oceanic fluidities of linguistic and etymological change. Despite the passage over centuries and languages of her main source text, the anonymous Old English poem The
Seafarer, the movement of contemporary migrants at sea is brutally constrained. This conflict is an acoustic paradox: if language is already resonant with the echoes of so many transitory pasts, how it can be used to sustain rigid identities and borders? These questions of orientation and direction are posed in relation to acousmatic listening, where the source of a sound is not revealed, as well as through the affordances of collaborative sound and visual performance. Listening becomes a critical process of locating oneself in social, ecological and political contexts.
Improvisation: Tom Raworth’s Intuition
Authors: Skoulding Zoë
Published: May 2021

Tom Raworth's poetry, often startling in its innovative approach to lyric, responds to ideas about listening that are shared with improvising musicians such as Derek Bailey, for whom listening to others and listening intuitively to a whole environment is key to the responsiveness of their work. Attentiveness to listening imposes a temporality on the compositional process, emphasizing the role of speed and perception. In its response to shifting awareness of place, Raworth’s work may also be understood in terms of the vocabulary developed by Augoyard and Torgue to describe sonic experience, a set of changing phenomena that help to reveal Raworth’s acute attention to sound environments.
Lower-middle-class Domestic Leisure in Woman’s Weekly, 1930
Authors: Reed Eleanor
Published: May 2021

Eleanor Reed explores the status of domestic leisure in issues of Woman’s Weekly during 1930 when many middle-class housewives looked to labour-saving technologies to produce status-defining domestic leisure. Woman’s Weekly initiates and reflects the aspirations and anxieties of a readership eager to cement its position in an expanding, diversifying and competitive middle class. The magazine’s lower-middle-class distinctiveness emerges through comparison to Good Housekeeping, a glossy domestic monthly targeting middle-class housewives with larger budgets. Rather than following Pierre Bourdieu and others in portraying lower-middle-class culture as an inauthentic copy of leisure-class culture, this essay argues that Woman’s Weekly contributes to the production of an ideologically distinctive lower-middle-class domestic culture in which its readers can take pride. This culture is problematized however by its suspected source in the magazine’s unknown producers, some of whom were men; a circumstance alluded to in Stevie Smith’s 1936 Novel on Yellow Paper.
‘Unsettled and Unsettling’ Women Migrant Voices After the War
Authors: Joannou Maroula
Published: May 2021

Mary Joannou examines the place of London as a haven for English-speaking exiles and émigrés and questions the extent to which it is possible to separate English literature from the literature of the rest of the world as post-war globalization destabilized, de-territorialized and de-colonized Englishness. For the five migrant women writers addressed here - Phyllis Shand Allfrey, Rumer Godden, Attia Hosain, Doris Lessing, and Kamala Markandaya – the attractions of migration to London, albeit bomb-damaged and shortage riven after the war, far outweighed the drabness of the environment of the metropolis. The new migrants, all politically on the left and strong upholders of freedom of speech and universal human rights, made a significant contribution to the enrichment and expansion of Britain’s literary culture in the 1940s and 1950s which was well-served by thriving post-war publishing and media industries.
The Ambivalence of Testimony in Elizabeth Bowen’s
Authors: Ashraf Ana
Published: May 2021

Ana Ashraf’s exploration of Bowen’s novel demonstrates how, in the post-war milieu, ambivalent narratives of testimony and witnessing challenged the ideology of war and the machinery of propaganda. The novel’s metafictional style emphasizes the self-reflexive nature of witness and testimony. Interweaving personal and political spheres in an experimental form that juxtaposes the classic romance plot and the traditional spy novel, The Heat of the Day offers a feminine view of the masculine world of intelligence. In its presentation of the conflict between love and patriotism, the novel’s treatment of treachery appears unstable and unusual. It also highlights the role of literary testimony in challenging the dominant narrative of war. Demonstrating the ‘intermodern’ preoccupation with political commitment during periods of war, the novel exemplifies an ‘interfeminist’ awareness of the notion of ‘women’s time’, the marginalisation of women’s experience of war and the binary division between fact and fiction.
Re-presenting Wrens
Authors: Hopkins Chris
Published: May 2021

Chris Hopkins focuses on how wartime participation in the Wrens was represented during and immediately after the war by exploring the written forms in which Wrens were characterized and how these forms were put into the wider context of wartime popular writing about servicemen and particularly about the Royal Navy. Writing about women’s service experience has not yet been adequately studied, though a significant number of women took part. The essay deals with some of the documentary writing that forms a rich context for the only wartime novel written by a servicewoman about the Wrens, Edith Pargeter's She Goes to War (1942), a Naval fiction/documentary unexpectedly engaging with the agenda of the People's War. The essay argues that this neglected writing tells a significant story about women in war-time Britain and as such is important for understanding the experience of servicewomen, opening debates about society, gender and class.
A New Reality
Authors: Capitani Maria Elena
Published: May 2021

Focussing on the crucial transitional year of 1958, Shelagh Delaney’s A Taste of Honey offers a valuable and often overlooked contribution to the genre of ‘kitchen sink drama’. Nevertheless, as Maria Elena Capitani demonstrates, Delaney surpasses her ‘angry young male’ counterparts in her exploration of more of the preoccupations of the 1960s including homosexuality, mixed-race sex, teenage pregnancy and the survival techniques of an ‘underclass’. Capitani observes how A Taste of Honey has the unique capacity to register an epoch-defining moment in British social and cultural history at the same time as it expresses the ‘suffering of ambivalence’, to use Adrienne Rich’s term, of motherhood.
Stevie Smith
Authors: Underwood James
Published: May 2021

James Underwood supplements recent scholarship on the poetry of Stevie Smith by focusing on the problem of personality. One word that has come to be associated with Smith and her work is ‘eccentric’. Whilst certain variations on this word may be intended as praise, the perception of eccentricity has been offered in lieu of actual integration into twentieth-century literary history. The essay opens up Kristin Bluemel’s argument that we require an entirely new category of literary history to properly comprehend the achievement of an intermodernist writer like Smith. Philip Larkin’s intervention in reviewing Smith’s work and later in creating an archive at the University of Hull is assessed alongside her own seizing of the means of production by the performance of her poetry and her personality in the early 1960s, a move which enhanced her poetic reputation at the same time as it played to the reputation she was given.
‘Whoever She Was’
Authors: Thomas Jane
Published: May 2021

Critical appreciation of Penelope Mortimer’s A Villa in Summer (1954), The Bright Prison (1956), Daddy’s Gone A-Hunting (1958), and The Pumpkin Eater (1962) has been largely limited to biographicalism and Mortimer’s perceived anticipation of Betty Friedan’s ‘feminine mystique’. Jane Thomas reveals how, in their extraordinary and illuminating grasp of the signifying practices that constitute the self, these early novels gesture beyond second wave feminism in their anticipation of some of the seminal concepts of gendered subjectivity pioneered by theorists such as Judith Butler in the third wave. Focusing on the centrality of narrative practices to the construction of the self, Thomas also highlights a hitherto unremarked intertextual connection between The Pumpkin Eater and Carol Ann Duffy’s ‘Whoever She Was’, demonstrating what was truly original and avant garde about Mortimer’s work.
The Southern Unionist Business Community and the Economics of Home Rule and Secession
Authors: Barry Frank
Published: May 2021

This chapter identifies the leading southern business firms of the pre-Free State era. Though there were small numbers of Catholic nationalists, Catholic unionists and Protestant Home Rulers among the proprietors, the vast majority of the leading firms are shown to have been under Protestant unionist ownership and control. The position of the business elite on the economic aspects of Home Rule, partition and the establishment of the Irish Free State is explored. Nationalists are shown to have been overly optimistic in their assessment of the short-term economic benefits to be derived from exiting the United Kingdom. The business establishment on the other hand is shown to have been overly pessimistic in its assessment of the economic costs of nationalist rule.
‘The future welfare of the Empire will depend more largely on our women and girls’: Southern Loyalist Women and the British War Effort in Ireland, 1914–1922
Authors: Walsh Fionnuala
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines the participation of Irish women in the war effort during the First World War, exploring the role of war service as an outlet and focus for southern loyalist identity. It analyses the motivations behind women’s war service and the relationship between religion and loyalism, examining for instance the wartime actions of Anglican organisations such as the Mothers’ Union and Girls Friendly Society, together with the partitionist arrangement of war work. The chapter subsequently discusses the post-war experience of southern loyalist women during the War of Independence and Civil War. Drawing upon applications to the Irish Grants Committee, it explores women’s everyday experiences of trauma during the political upheaval and the links between service in the Great War and isolation and intimidation in the war’s aftermath.
‘Cast Out!’: Cavan and Monaghan Loyalists and Partition, 1916–1923
Authors: Purcell Daniel
Published: May 2021

This chapter looks at the experiences of Ulster Unionists in Cavan and Monaghan. It examines how these Unionists committed to an all-Ulster vision of partition only to then be let down by the six-county partition settlement. It focuses on how they adapted to this ‘betrayal’ and made their peace with their position in the new Irish Free State.
Defying the Partition of Ulster: Colonel John George Vaughan Hart and the Unionist Experience of the Irish Revolution in East Donegal, c.1919–1944
Authors: Magee Katherine
Published: May 2021

Colonel John George Vaughan Hart resided in his large ancestral home of Kildery (Muff, Co. Donegal) during the partition of Ireland. This chapter highlights the experiences of a Southern Unionist who found himself on the wrong side of the border and explores the possible reasons as to why the Colonel decided to move a few miles, to Londonderry, to a simpler home. The chapter draws primarily on Hart’s carbon copy letter books which have been deposited at the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland. The seventy letter books comprise a small part of a much larger Hart family collection.
Introduction
Authors: Foss Colin
Published: May 2021

While scholarly interest is often drawn to the more tumultuous Paris Commune of 1871, insistence on this moment of revolution and civil war obscures the specific stakes of the Siege of Paris, which was not as much a revolution as a moment of suspension in French history. Cut off from the rest of the world, Parisians were left to their own devices during the Siege. What resulted was a literary industry with few established authors present, limited resources, and enormous demand. Despite the circumstances, Parisians turned to literature to alleviate their isolation and bear witness to the unspeakable tragedy that surrounded them. The relative anonymity of Parisian literary production during the Siege has erroneously led to the conclusion that culture came to a standstill during this period. However, a closer look at literary institutions, which weathered the storm of national defeat remarkably well, shows that literature does not disappear in times of war: it simply changes form. The introduction defines the four major sites of cultural production and the networks that existed within and among them: theaters, newspapers, personal writing, and book publishing.