bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction to Customer Service
Authors: Hudson Dr. Simon , Hudson Louise
Published: March 2022

The opening case study is an excellent example of how a strong customer service philosophy is often driven by one person (in this case Walt Disney) and how that philosophy can lead to an enduring service culture that can differentiate an organization from competitors. In fact, this chapter puts a spotlight on three individuals who have made customer service a priority and succeeded in becoming market leaders – Walt Disney, Cliff Roberts of the Augusta Masters, and Eustasio Lopez of the Lopesan Group in the Spanish Canary Islands. The chapter will also discuss some of the services marketing models that illuminate the importance of customer service, providing a platform for the remainder of the book.
The Importance of Market Research
Authors: Hudson Dr. Simon , Hudson Louise
Published: March 2022

The focus of market research is on the analysis of markets (Kinnear et al., 1993), and it is a critical marketing function. Unfortunately, in the tourism and hospitality sector, many smaller organizations feel that ‘real’ market research is a costly and time-consuming luxury only available to large companies that have professional research staff, sophisticated computers, and almost unlimited budgets. Other organizations see market research as something to be undertaken when a major event is about to occur – the introduction of a new product, the acquisition of a new property, or a change in target markets. Its value at these junctures is recognized, but its ability to contribute to an organization’s success on a day-to- day basis is often overlooked. Another common problem in the tourism industry is that organizations are not making full use of the information that already exists and is easily accessed. Sometimes information is available and studies are done, but the results are either ignored or not fully considered in the final decision- making process. The opening Spotlight profiles a hotel in Hong Kong that understand the significance of doing research in order to provide guests with the best possible experience.
The Impact of Technology on Customer Service
Authors: Hudson Dr. Simon , Hudson Louise
Published: March 2022

In 1999, Steven Spielberg convened a three-day think tank to gather insights from 23 top futurists for the making of his sci-fi thriller Minority Report which depicted the world of 2054. The goal was to create a realistic view of a plausible future. Projecting out from the present day’s marketing and media technologies – Web cookies, GPS devices, Bluetooth-enabled cell phones, TiVo personal video recorders, and barcode scanners – the filmmakers gave shape to an advertising-saturated society where billboards call out to you on a first-name basis, cereal boxes broadcast animated commercials, newspapers deliver news instantly over a broadband wireless network, holographic hosts greet you at retail stores, and biometric retina scans deduct the cost of goods from your bank account.
Providing Customer Service through the Servicescape
Authors: Hudson Dr. Simon , Hudson Louise
Published: March 2022

An important part of customer service is the physical environment. Because many tourism and hospitality services are intangible, customers often rely on tangible cues, or physical evidence, to evaluate the service before its purchase and to assess their satisfaction with the service during and after consumption. The physical evidence is the environment in which the service is delivered and in which the firm and customer interact, and any tangible components that facilitate performance or communication of the service. The physical facility is often referred to as the ‘servicescape’, and is very important for tourism and hospitality products such as hotels, restaurants, and theme parks, which are dominated by experience attributes. Disney, for example, effectively uses the servicescape to excite its customers. The brightly colored displays, the music, the rides, and the costumed characters all reinforce the feelings of fun and excitement that Disney seeks to generate in its customers. In the new Shanghai Disney Resort, design and art play a major role. The park and resort cost about $5.5 billion to build and spans an area more than 11 times the size of the original Disneyland in Anaheim, Calif. Visitors can choose from six themed zones, such as Fantasyland and Tomorrowland, plus two hotels and a shopping area.
The Effect of Distributive Justice and Situational Leadership on Job Satisfaction through Work Family Conflict (Case Study of Full-time Working Women in the Banking Sector in Jakarta)
Authors: Rahimaji Ahmad , Nurhayati Mafizatun
Published: March 2022

Work Family conflict is a phenomenon that is experienced by most people in big cities, where working women are a demand of the times as an effort to support the family economy. This study aims to analyze the effect of distributive justice and situational leadership on job satisfaction through work family conflict. The object of this research is women who work full-time in the banking sector in Jakarta. A total of 100 respondents filled out the questionnaire, the sample was taken using the purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using PLS (Partial Least Square analysis). The results of this study indicate that distributive justice has no impact on job satisfaction and situational leadership has a positive effect on job satisfaction. Work family conflict has no impact on job satisfaction. Distributive justice through work family conflict has no effect on job satisfaction. Situational leadership through work family conflict has no impact on job satisfaction.
Strengthening the Attraction of High-quality Human Resources in Vinh Phuc Province, Vietnam
Authors: Ha Nguyen Thi Thu , Huan Trieu Van
Published: March 2022

Attracting high quality human resources is a strategy in human resource development of Vinh Phuc province. This study focuses on analyzing and evaluating the status of policies on attracting high-quality talent and the results of policy implementation that Vinh Phuc province has achieved in recent years. The study has shown the limitations in activities of attracting high-quality human resources in the province such as: policies on attraction and reward of highly qualified labors have not been based on work efficiency, dedication to the development of the province; The province's policy on attracting high quality talent is still lacking in breakthroughs, not in sync with other policies. In order to overcome the limitations, and at the same time further promote the activities of attracting high quality human resources to Vinh Phuc province in the coming time, the study has proposed a number of possible policy solutions such as: Innovating in talent recruitment; Creating a favorable working environment and conditions; Implementing salary policy innovation; Enhancing treatment and honoring the attracted high quality labors.
Pengaruh Otonomi Keuangan, Akumulasi Surplus dan Sisa Lebih Perhitungan Anggaran (SiLPA) Terhadap Perubahan Belanja Modal
Authors: Fernando Afan , Sari Vita Fitria
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the extent to which financial autonomy, surplus accumulation and excess budget calculations product can affect changes in the capital expenditure budget of district/city governments in Sumatra. The population in this study is the Regency/City in Sumatra in 2016-2019. This study uses secondary data. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique with a sample of 51 districts/cities with a period of 4 years. Data analysis used panel data regression analysis. The results showed that financial autonomy, surplus accumulation had an effect on changes in capital expenditures. Meanwhile, the remainder of the calculation of the budget and gross regional domestic product has no effect on changes in capital expenditures.
Potensi Pendapatan Retribusi Parkir Dari Sudut Pandang Juru Parkir Liar di Kota Padang Tahun 2021
Authors: Sedenel Awandra Firson , Cheisviyanny Charoline , Sari Vita Fitria
Published: March 2022

This research is based on the phenomenon of illegal parking that often occurs in Padang City. The purpose of this study is to calculate the potential parking retribution in Koto Tangah District which has not been included in the list of government parking potentials and to explore fairness of illegal parking activity from illegal parking officers point of view in Koto Tangah district. The approach used in this study is qualitative approach. The Data was collected by using interviews, observation, and documentation (triangulation). The sample of this research is illegal parking officers in Koto Tangah district. The results of this study found that (1) Koto Tangah district has a large potential for retribution, (2) Illegal Parking Officers in Koto Tangah district feel satisfied and justified with the parking system they run without government's agreement.
Identifying a Gap in the Project Management Approach of the Online Program Management and University Partnership Business Model
Authors: Ramani Swati , Bradford George , Dias Shamini , Olfman Lorne
Published: March 2022

As the number of online courses increase in higher education, many higher education institutions outsource online course development to an Online Program Management (OPM) provider because of a lack of budget, staff, and technology. Current research indicates that OPM providers often do not have instructional design (ID) services tailored to a specific university. This research uses a case study to analyze a business partnership between a research university and an OPM provider. The Activity Theory conceptual framework was used to direct inquiry and analysis. Results show a miss of the “Empathize” (first stage of Design Thinking) phase in the project management approach from the OPM provider side, which made the process appear more like a start-up company and caused some faculty to lose motivation about the instructional design process. A complete Design Thinking approach from the OPM provider and the university partner are very important to reap the most benefits from this relationship.
A Meta-Analysis on the Community of Inquiry Presences and Learning Outcomes in Online and Blended Learning Environments
Authors: Martin Florence , Wu Tong , Wan Liyong , Xie Kui
Published: March 2022

The Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework describes three essential presences (i.e., teaching presence, cognitive presence, and social presence) and how these presences interact in providing an educational experience in online and blended learning environments. This meta-analysis examined 19 empirical studies on the CoI Presences (Teaching Presence, Social Presence, and Cognitive Presence) and their correlations with learning outcomes, including actual learning, perceived learning, and satisfaction. It was found that teaching presence and actual learning were moderately positively correlated, (r = .353). There was a weak correlation between cognitive presence and actual learning, (r = .250) and social presence and actual learning, (r = .199). For the correlation between the presences and perceived learning, cognitive presence and perceived learning was found to be strongly correlated, (r = .663), followed by the moderate correlation between social presence and perceived learning (r = .432), and teaching presence and perceived learning, (r = .392). With respect to satisfaction, the correlation between cognitive presence and satisfaction, (r = .586) and between teaching presence and satisfaction was strong, (r = .510), but the correlation between social presence and satisfaction was moderate, (r = .447). The findings have implications for designers and instructors who design and teach online and blended courses to include these presences.
The Challenges of Remote K–12 Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Differences by Grade Level
Authors: Leech Nancy L , Gullett Sophie , Howland Cummings Miriam , Haug Carolyn A
Published: March 2022

The transition to remote teaching in K–12 schools during the spring of 2020 as a result of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) presented new challenges to teachers across the United States. This survey-based mixed methods study investigates these challenges, as well as differences by grade level, to better understand teachers’ experiences remote teaching. A total of 604 teachers who had completed the survey were included in this study. Findings indicate that some challenges were experienced by teachers across grade levels, with common challenges including student engagement, adjusting curriculum to the remote format, and the loss of the personal connection of teaching. Differences were also found by grade level, with elementary teachers struggling more with varying attitudes of parents regarding remote learning and adjusting their curriculum to an online format, and secondary teachers more often reporting student engagement and a general feeling of being lost or unsupported in their teaching as challenges. These challenges provide important context around the experience of remote teaching, as well as what supports teachers need to continue remote teaching.
Cheating on Unproctored Online Exams: Prevalence, Mitigation Measures, and Effects on Exam Performance
Authors: Pleasants Jacob , Pleasants John M , Pleasants Barbara
Published: March 2022

As online courses become increasingly common at the college level, an ongoing concern is how to ensure academic integrity in the online environment. One area that has received particular attention is that of preventing cheating during unproctored online exams. In this study, we examine students’ behavior during unproctored exams taken in an online introductory biology course. A feature of the learning management platform used for the course gave us the ability to detect cheating behavior involving students leaving the test page and viewing other material on their computers. This allowed us to determine what proportion of students cheated and examine the efficacy of various measures to mitigate cheating. We also explored the relationship between cheating behavior and exam performance. We found that 70% of students were observed cheating, and most of those who cheated did so on the majority of test questions. Appealing to students’ honesty or requiring them to pledge their honesty were found to be ineffective at curbing cheating. However, when students received a warning that we had technology that could detect cheating, coupled with threats of harsh penalties, cheating behavior dropped to 15% of students. Unexpectedly, we did not find evidence that students’ exam performance changed when their cheating behavior changed, indicating that this common form of cheating might not be as effective as students, or their instructors believe it to be.
Development and validation of the Online Instructor Support Survey (OISS)
Authors: Kumar Swapna , Ritzhaupt Albert , Pedro Neuza Sofia
Published: March 2022

Online instructors play a critical role in online student success, and need various forms of institutional support to succeed in online teaching. This article describes the creation, validation, and results of the Online Instructor Support Survey (OISS) consisting of six sections (a) Technology and technical support (b) Pedagogical (Course Development and Teaching) support (c) Online Education Academic Support Services (d) Institutional Policies for Online Education, and (e) Online Instructor Recognition, Rewards, and Incentives. Online instructor (N=275) responses highlight areas of support that are largely prevalent and areas where further support and awareness of such support is needed at higher education institutions.
Fostering self-directed learning in MOOCs: Motivation, learning strategies, and instruction
Authors: Zhu Meina , Bonk Curtis J. , Berri Sara
Published: March 2022

Given the increasing number of learners in massive open online courses (MOOCs), students’ self-directed learning (SDL) skills are necessary for their success. The purpose of this study was to explore learners’ motivation for enrolling in MOOCs and their SDL strategies, as well as instructional elements that support SDL from learners’ perspectives. This qualitative study adopted a phenomenological research design. The data source was semi-structured interviews with 15 learners from three MOOCs. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The researchers found that the motivation for enrolling in MOOCs included intrinsic motivation (e.g., curiosity, improving personal knowledge, and personal interest) and extrinsic motivation (e.g., supporting formal education and career development). The learning strategies used by MOOC learners were task strategies, self-monitoring, and self-management strategies. The task strategies included taking notes, reading texts or subtitles, watching videos, and conducting further research. The self-monitoring strategies included self-assessment, self-reflection, progress indicators, final projects, and authentic tasks. Learners’ self-management strategies (e.g., time management and resource management) varied depending on their diverse motivations. In addition, the instructional elements that support SDL were self-assessment and discussion forums, instructor feedback, flexibility, clearly stated learning goals, the authenticity of the content, and small learning units. The implications of the study are discussed in the paper.
Relationships between Connectedness, Performance Proficiency, Satisfaction, and Online Learning Continuance
Authors: Tseng Hungwei , Kuo Yu-Chun , Yeh Hsin-Te , Tang Yingqi
Published: March 2022

Maintaining momentum is vital in terms of how soon students can complete a program, especially for those who are in the early stage of taking online courses. This study attempted to extend the existing literature by examining the influence of online students’ perceived sense of connectedness, performance proficiency, and satisfaction on their intentions to continue an online learning course. A quantitative survey approach was adopted to test our hypothesized structural model. Three hundred and sixty-nine students who had taken fewer than three fully online courses participated in this study. The results revealed that three out of four testing hypotheses were all supported at the 0.01 significance level, and one of the path coefficients indicated that online students’ confidence in their ability or competency to perform academic tasks did not directly influence their intention to take future online courses. Instead, the influence of performance proficiency on online learning continuance intention was mediated through the factor of satisfaction. In addition, satisfaction was found to have a significantly direct impact on online learning continuance intention, suggesting that when students taking online courses are satisfied with their online learning experience, the likelihood for them to continue taking other online courses is higher.
Manifestations of Cognitive Presence in Blended Learning Classes of the Philippine K-12 System
Authors: Villanueva Juliet Aleta Rivera , Redmond Petrea , Galligan Linda
Published: March 2022

Through an exploratory case study, this research sought to determine the applicability of the Community of Inquiry in the K–12 setting. There are research gaps to leverage support for blended learning and flexible learning options to benefit Filipino youth and school-leavers under the Alternative Delivery Mode of the Philippine K–12 system. This study was driven by the following research questions: How is cognitive presence manifested in the blended learning interactions? In what ways do the interactions of cognitive presence with the other presences characterize learning community building? Three blended learning classes were examined based on data collected through surveys, student focus group discussions, teacher interviews, class observations and archived data. Through constant comparison analysis and descriptive statistics, evidence revealed cognitive presence across its categories in the form of connectedness, collaborative work, trust and reciprocation, and shared views on technology by K–12 teachers and learners. The analysis affirmed “regulating learning” as the intersection of cognitive presence and teaching presence. Implications for practice and recommendations for further research are discussed through the study's proposed modifications on the cognitive presence categories, indicators, and the survey instrument for the K–12 setting where teacher-directed pedagogies or collaborative inquiry processes have not been thoroughly co-opted.
Predicting Cognitive Presence in At-Scale Online Learning: MOOC and For-Credit Online Course Environments
Authors: Lee Jeonghyun , Soleimani Farahnaz , Irish India , Hosmer, IV John , Yilmaz Soylu Meryem , Finkelberg Roy , Chatterjee Saurabh
Published: March 2022

In this study, we work towards a strategy to measure and enhance the quality of interactions in discussion forums at scale. We present a machine learning (ML) model which identifies the phase of cognitive presence exhibited by a student’s post and suggest future applications of such a model to help online students develop higher-order thinking. We collect discussion forum transcript data from two online courses: CS1301 (an introductory computer programming MOOC) offered by edX and CS6601 (a graduate course on artificial intelligence) which uses the Piazza online discussion tool. We manually code a random sample of students’ posts based on the Community of Inquiry coding scheme and explore trends in cognitive presence within and across the courses. We further use this coded data to analyze the relationship between students’ observed cognitive presence and course grades. In terms of testing and building an ML model, we use a Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers model that uses a deep learning technique to train large text corpus and fine-tune the language model. Our results suggest that deeper cognitive engagement with course concepts, as expressed by higher cognitive presence, are associated with better learning outcomes for students in both course settings. Our ML approach achieves 92.5% accuracy on the classification task, motivating the use of ML for instructional interventions in online courses. We expect that our research study will not only contribute to extending the literature on cognitive presence but also have a beneficial impact on online instructors or curriculum developers in higher education.
Designing an Online Discussion Strategy with Learning Analytics Feedback on the Level of Cognitive Presence and Student Interaction in an Online Learning Community
Authors: Alwafi Enas
Published: March 2022

This study investigated the impact of using a discussion strategy with learning analytics on the level of student cognitive presence and interaction. The study used a quasi-experimental design with control and experimental groups. The experimental group applied open-ended discussion and elaborated feedback with learning analytics while the control group applied open-ended discussion and elaborated feedback without learning analytics. A mixed-method approach was used in this study. Data were collected through content analysis, social network analysis (SNA), and interviews. The results showed that the level of cognitive presence in the experimental group increased more than the control group. SNA revealed that students in the experimental group developed more cognitive learning ties with their peers during the process of developing cognitive presence. Interview data showed that students found that the discussion strategy with learning analytics made them aware of their level and quality of interaction and their role in building knowledge in an online learning community. In addition, they felt that the discussion strategy with learning analytics increased their motivation to participate in the discussion. This study provides recommendations on how students can enhance their cognitive presence and learning experience in an online learning community.
Fostering Cognitive Presence in Online Courses: A Systematic Review (2008-2020)
Authors: Moore Robert L. , Miller Courtney N.
Published: March 2022

Within the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework, cognitive presence has been central to success in higher education settings. This systematic review examined 24 articles published between 2008-2020 that empirically analyzed cognitive presence in online courses. We share the patterns that emerged regarding the interplay between teaching and cognitive presence and social and cognitive presence. We also explore how the four phases of cognitive presence—triggering event, exploration, integration, and resolution—were evident within specific instructional activities. We conclude with implications for practice that will be helpful for course instructors and designers seeking to foster greater cognitive presence within their online courses.
SELF-EFFICACY SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SECARA DARING DI MA MIFTAHUL ‘ULUM TUYAU
Authors: Baihaki Baihaki , Maknun Lu’luil , Nurmeidina Rahmatya
Published: March 2022

ABSTRAK

Masalah yang sering dialami siswa apalagi saat pembelajaran daring adalah kurangnya keyakinan akan keberhasilan dalam belajar khususnya pada mata pelajaran matematika. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh rendahnya self-efficacy yang dimiliki oleh siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui self-efficacy siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika secara daring di MA Miftahul ‘Ulum Tuyau. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode survey. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa MA Miftahul ‘Ulum Tuyau dengan sampel 26 siswa MA Miftahul ’Ulum Tuyau kelas XI. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket self-efficacy matematis yang terdiri dari 11 pertanyaan positif dan 14 pertanyaan negatif dengan skala yang digunakan adalah skala likert. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan diperoleh bahwa self-efficacy siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika secara daring di MA Miftahul ’Ulum Tuyau secara keseluruhan berada di level sedang.

Kata kunci: pembelajaran daring; pembelajaran matematika; self-efficacy.

 

ABSTRACT

The problem that is often experienced by students especially when learning online is the lack of confidence in success in learning, especially in mathematics. This is caused by the low self-efficacy possessed by students. This research aims to determine students' self-efficacy in online mathematics learning at MA Miftahul 'Ulum Tuyau. This research is a descriptive research using survey method. The population of this study was all students of MA Miftahul 'Ulum Tuyau with a sample of 26 students of MA Miftahul 'Ulum Tuyau class XI. The instrument used in this study is a mathematical self-efficacy questionnaire consisting of 11 positive questions and 14 negative questions with the scale used is the Likert scale. Based on the results and discussion, it was found that students' self-efficacy in online mathematics learning at MA Miftahul 'Ulum Tuyau was overall at a moderate level.

Keywords: math learning; online learning; self-efficacy.
Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Various Cross-Section
Authors: Saleem Marwa , A. Mansoor Ahmad , D. Salman Wissam
Published: March 2022

The deflection of reinforced concrete beams with various cross-sections was investigated in this work. The experimental program comprised of four reinforced concrete beams that were simply supported. They were put through a two-point load test. High to width ratio (h/b) was (0.36, 0.64, 1, and1.56), concrete compressive strength was from 27 MPa. The gradual increase in the (h/b) ratio (from 0.36 to 0.64, 1 and 1.56) with (27 MPa) compressive strength of concrete leads to increase the first crack load for the (N2, N3 and N4) by (74%, 111% and 122%) respectively as compared with (N1), the beams (N2, N3 and N4) exhibits an increase in the yielding load by (41.2%, 70.6% and 64.7%) respectively as compared with (N1), increase the ultimate load by (25% - 130%). The ductility index is reduced with gradual increase in the (h/b) ratio (from 0.36 to 0.64, 1 and 1.56) for (27 MPa) concrete compressive strength by (1.2% - 25.5%).  For the beams (N1, N2, N3 and N4) it is noticed that the central deflection of the four beams reduced gradually at the same load with increase in the (h/b) ratio from (0.36 to 0.64, 1 and 1.56) with constant (27 MPa) compressive strength concrete. The maximum crack width decreases gradually with gradual increase in the (h/b) ratio (from 0.36 to 0.64, 1 and 1.56) for constant (27 MPa).
UWB-MIMO DGS loaded patch antenna with low profile for millimeter-wave applications
Authors: Dwivedi Ajay Kumar , Narayaswamy Nagesh Kallollu , Singh Vivek , Darmanar Mallanna Sidramappa
Published: March 2022

A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with a defective ground surface (DGS) is proposed for next-generation millimeter-wave communication. The designed antenna consists of a pair of mushroom shape radiating units with two square ring-loaded defected common ground plane. The antenna is printed on duroid-5880 high-frequency laminates (loss tangent 0.0009, relative permittivity 2.2). Significant bandwidth ranges from 31.6 GHz to 48.8 GHz (impedance bandwidth of 43.17%) is obtained during the investigation of the antenna. The introduced MIMO antenna exhibits a low mutual coupling (|S21|, |S12| < −20) dB with the incorporation of DGS. The antenna performance parameters defined as return loss, radiation pattern, gain, the radiation efficiency is examined. Many diversity parameters are also discussed in terms of mutual coupling, envelop correlation coefficient (ECC < 0.002), diversity gain (DG > 9.995), and channel capacity loss (CCL < 0.3 bits/sec/Hz) across the ultra-wide band (UWB) frequencies. Simulated results are verified by the measured results, and good agreement is observed between them. These distinguishable attributes with the simple configuration model the propound MIMO antenna suitable for millimeter-wave applications.
THE PRACTICE OF INDEPENDENT LEARNING AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR STUDENTS’ LEARNING IN CLASSROOMS AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Kartika I Made , Anom Kumbara A.A. Ngurah , Suda I Ketut , Mudana I Gede
Published: March 2022

This article examines the practice of independent learning and its implications for students, the learning process in classrooms, and educational institutions.The policy of independent learning is the policy of the Minister of Education and Culture, which includes four main programs, namely the replacement of USBN into school exams, the replacement of the national exam with a minimum competency assessment and character survey, the implementation of a 1-sheet lesson plan, and the application of zoning-based new student admissions. The application of independent learning at the Denpasar City Public High School, especially at SMA Negeri 3 and SMA Negeri 8 was held starting from the 2019/2020 academic year. However, in practice there are still some obstacles faced by the school management. The writing of this article uses a qualitative descriptive method, with a cultural studies approach. This research found several things, among others: First,on the psychological aspect of implementing the independent learning policy, especially with regard to the replacement of USBN into a school exam and the National Examination as a minimum competency assessment, at least it can reduce the psychological burden of students in facing these exams. Second, in the didactic aspect, the application of this free learning policy can provide flexibility for teachers in terms of finding and finding various learning strategies and methods to develop PAIKEM learning. Third, in the sociological and juridical aspects, the implementation of this free learning policy can encourage the realization of a sense of justice for the Indonesian people, in terms of obtaining equal opportunities to enjoy quality education.

Keywords: Freedom of Learning, National Examination, USBN, PPDB based on zoning
El camino hacia la sustentabilidad hídrica de acuíferos sobreexplotados
Authors:   Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua - IMTA, Pedrozo Acuña Adrián
Published: March 2022

Los acuíferos constituyen una de las fuentes de abastecimiento de agua más importantes en todo el mundo.
Social Business Performance: Is it Possible to measure? Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Schmitt Tatiani , Alberton Anete
Published: March 2022

Objective: This article proposes a systematic review of the literature on social business performance (SBP) measures to analyze its current panorama of studies and propose a research agenda.
Methodology: A mixed approach, quantitative regarding the use of descriptive statistical analysis, and qualitative regarding the content analysis. The research considered 241 peer-reviewed journal articles extracted from the Scopus database in English from 2010 to 2021, of which 34 comprised the qualitative analysis.
Results and Conclusion: The results reveal a growing interest in this field of research in recent years, especially from 2017 to 2020. Most studies on SBP are concentrated in North America, specifically in the United States (52 articles). Subjective scales are the most frequent as SBP measures, and the scale developed by Miles et al. (2014), which addresses economic and social performance, was the one that stood out the most in the studies. Of the 34 articles that constituted the qualitative analysis, a research agenda composed of four categories can be established.
Research implications: The study contributes to research in ​​social business, primarily social and economic performance, evidencing a perception of the evolution of SBP studies in the last ten years.
Originality/value: It presents the objective and subjective SBP measures adopted in scientific production. It also presents an agenda for future research that covers the application of studies in other contexts and sectors. The research focused on longitudinal studies, quantifiable and objective measures, and comparisons between social and traditional businesses.
Struktur, Sifat Dielektrik dan Optik Senyawa Aurivillius (Ca0,5Ba0,5)Bi4Ti4O15 yang Disintesis dengan Teknik Lelehan Garam
Authors: Veronita Silvi , Septiani Upita , Zulhadjri Zulhadjri
Published: March 2022

Synthesis of ferroelectric material based onAurivillius phases, (Ca0.5Ba0.5)Bi4Ti4O15 (CBBT), have been done using a molten salts technique.The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the characteristic peaks at 2Î¸ = 12.93Â°, 17.31Â°, 21.64Â°, 23.23Â°, 27.71Â°, 30.33Â°, and 32.90Â° which was correspond to the four-layers of Aurivillius phase.Refinement structure using the Le Bail method, the sample is suitable for orthorhombic structures with the A21am spaceÂ group. The orthorhombicity of the CBBT is small and nearer to tetragonal symmetry.Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) spectra show distortion of TiO6 octahedral at 847 cm-1 and strain vibrations of TiO6 octahedra at 545 cm-1 due to A-O bonds.Analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows the morphology of the sample in the form of plate-like which is characteristic of Aurivillius phase.The ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition temperature (Tc) was obtained at 635ÂºC.The band gap value of the CBBT compound was 3.17 eV, relatively the same with the CaBi4Ti4O15 (CBT) compound.
Studi Karakterisasi dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Senyawa Kompleks dari Zink(II) Klorida, Kalium Tiosianat dan 2-Aminopiridina
Authors: Mariyam Dewi , Farida Nani , Wijaya Husni Wahyu , Dasna I Wayan
Published: March 2022

The development of complex compounds as antibacterial continues to be carried out to overcome cases of microbial resistance. One of them is the development of complex compounds with thiocyanate and aminopyridine ligands which show good potential as antibacterial. Complex compound of zinc(II) chloride with thiocyanate and 2-aminopyridine ligands was successfully synthesized. The synthesis was carried out by mixing the reactants with ratio of Zn2+: 2-aminopyridine: SCN 1:2:2 under heating and stirring continuously for 6 hours. The Obtained beam-shaped colorless crystals were characterized using melting point, electrical conductivity, thiocyanate ion qualitative, FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD powder and antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus test. The crystals melt at 160-165 0C. The results of the electrical conductivity test, qualitative test of thiocyanate ion, FTIR and SEM-EDX analysis indicate the presence of Zn2+, thiocyanate and 2-aminopyridine with ratio 1: 2: 2. Based on XRD powder spectral data and theoritical analysis, the complex synthesized compounds had high crystallinity and predicted has tetrahedral structure. Antibacterial test showed that against S.aureus, the compound had higher antibacterial activity than free ligands, but lower than chloramphenicol. Therefore, the antibacterial activity of the complex compound was classified as moderate.
Toxicidad de la proteína Bt en Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) alimentadas con estigmas de maíz en Paraguay
Authors: Gamarra Magin , Gómez Victor , Arias Osmar , Gaona Edgar , Ramírez María
Published: March 2022

La “plaga del cogollo” Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) es considerada plaga clave en el cultivo del maíz. Los maíces genéticamente modificados, evento o maíz Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) contienen genes que expresan proteínas tóxicas para esta plaga, diferentes por cada evento. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la toxicidad entre los eventos Bt determinándose la mortalidad y los parámetros biológicos de importancia. La población de S. frugiperda previamente colectada del campo fue criada en condiciones de laboratorio alimentada con estigmas de MIR162TM (Vip3A19), VT3ProTM (Cry1A105, Cry2Ab2, Cry3Bb), PowerCoreTM (Cry1A105, Cry1F, Cry2Ab2) y un tratamiento con maíz no Bt BR106TM. El evento con la proteína VIP3A19 (MIR162TM) presentó una alta toxicidad en la expresión de los estigmas de la planta contra S. frugiperda. Los eventos VT3ProTM (Cry1A105, Cry2Ab2, Cry3Bb) y PowerCoreTM (Cry1A105, Cry1F, Cry2Ab2) presentaron baja toxicidad en la expresión de los estigmas de la planta. El evento VT3ProTM (Cry1A105, Cry2Ab2, Cry3Bb afectó la fecundidad de la población de insectos sobrevivientes.
Determinantes sociais de comportamentos alimentares desordenados entre adolescentes brasileiros
Authors: Vale Diôgo , Dantas Rebekka Fernandes , Amorim Ginetta Kelly Dantas , Lyra Clélia de Oliveira , Oliveira Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli da Costa
Published: March 2022

Introdução: O crescimento de transtornos alimentares entre adolescentes demanda a identificação de comportamentos alimentares desordenados e de determinantes sociais relacionados a esses agravos. Objetivo: Avaliar as prevalências de comportamentos alimentares desordenados (CAD) entre adolescentes escolares brasileiros e suas associações com determinantes sociais em saúde. Metodologia: Foram avaliados 16.556 adolescentes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar de 2015. Regressões de Poisson estimaram modelos multivariados relacionados a métodos compensatórios inadequados para controle de peso (laxativos/purgativos ou medicamentos/produtos). Resultados: A prevalência dos CAD para perda de peso no grupo foi 11,3% (IC95%:10,6-12,0%) tendo como fatores associados: sexo masculino, cor/raça não branca, 14 anos ou menos, excesso de peso, insatisfação com a imagem corporal, frequentar fast food, trabalhar, não realizar regularmente refeições com responsáveis, ter mães com menor escolaridade, domicílio com cinco ou mais moradores, vivência da fome no domicílio e estudar em escolas públicas. Conclusão: Esses comportamentos desordenados para perda de peso foram mais prevalentes entre adolescentes com maior insatisfação corporal e vivendo em situações de mais vulnerabilidade social.
A Systematic Procedure for the Assessment of the Thermal Safety and for the Design of Chemical Processes at the Boiling Point
Authors: Wiss Jacques , Stoessel Francis , Killé Gérard
Published: March 2022

A systematic procedure is presented for application in designing safe processes or in assessing safety of existing processes that are performed at or could reach the boiling point. The evaporative cooling is very efficient, but the maximal rate of heat dissipation is limited by two
factors.One is the flooding of the vapor tube; the second is the swelling of the reaction mass due to ebullition. No reliable method is available for predicting the behaviour of a reactor at boiling point. For both cases, correlations are proposed for calculating the maximum admissible
rate of heat release. They are based on the physico-chemical properties of the boiling solvent and on the geometric data of the reactor.These tools are linked together in a general procedure for the design of safe reaction processes where the boiling point plays an important role. They
can also be used to assess the safety of existing processes.
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Reaction Medium and Reaction Partner
Authors: Reetz Manfred T. , Könen Werner , Strack Thomas
Published: March 2022

The [Ni(cod)2]/Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2-catalyzed reaction of hex-3-yne with CO2 under supercritical conditions affords tetraethylpyrone
AGROPHYSICAL FEATURES OF IRRIGATED SOILS OF HOREZM OASIS
Authors: Курвантаев Р.К. , Файзиев К.И.
Published: March 2022

В статье излагается характеристика агрофизических свойств орошаемых почв Хорезмского оазиса. В исследуемых орошаемых луговых почвах агрофизические свойства изменяется в широкихпределах: зависит от механического состава, давности орошения, степени засоленности и обеспеченности органическими веществами. Наименьшие показатели плотности в пределах оптимальныхвеличин встречается в пахотном горизонте 1,24 1,45 г/см3.

In the article features of agrophysical characteristics of irrigated soils of Horezm oasis is stated. In thestudied irrigated meadow soils agrophysical characteristics changes over a wide range: depends on mechanicalcomposition, time of irrigation, degree of salinity and supply lexel by organic matters. The Least indicators ofdensity within optimum values meets in arable horizon 1,24 1,45 g/cm3.
DEVELOPMENT OF GENOMIC RESEARCH
Authors: Богданова А.С. , Антипов Н.М. , Чередниченко М.Ю.
Published: March 2022

Геномика направлена на анализ структуры генома в целом и изучает совокупность происходящих с ним процессов и поддерживающих их механизмов. В данном обзоре кратко рассматриваются различные проекты в рамках геномных исследований, а также перспективы их использования в различных отраслях народного хозяйства.

Genomics is aimed at analyzing the structure of the genome as a whole and studies the totality of the processes occurring with it and the mechanisms that support them. This review briefly discusses various projects in the framework of genomic research, as well as the prospects for their use in various sectors of the national economy.
COMPARISON OF THE OPERATION OF ASYNCHRONOUS AND SYNCHRONOUS HYSTERETIC ELECTRIC MOTORS IN THE DRIVE OF AN ELECTROMECHATRONIC DEVICE
Authors: Останин С.Ю. , Антаненков А.А. , Латыпов Т.С. , Лискин А.С.
Published: March 2022

Проведён сравнительный анализ асинхронного электродвигателя и синхронного гистерезисного электродвигателя для электропривода технологических механизмов современных и новых разрабатываемых технологических машин по производству и переработке химических нитей. Выявлены и подтверждены преимущества применения для таких механизмов и машин гистерезисных электродвигателей и электроприводов по сравнению с асинхронными электродвигателями и электроприводами.

A comparative analysis of an asynchronous electric motor and a synchronous hysteresis electric motor for the electric drive of technological mechanisms of modern and newly developed technological machines for the production and processing of chemical threads is carried out. The advantages of using hysteresis electric motors and electric drives for such mechanisms and machines in comparison with asynchronous electric motors and electric drives are revealed and confirmed.
Petrographic Analysis of Iron Age Pottery from Tell en-Naṣbeh
Authors: Ben-Shlomo David
Published: March 2022

site Tell en-Naṣbeh and dating mostly to the Iron Age II. The vessels analyzed represent main Iron Age II types appearing at the site (bowls, kraters, cooking pots, jars, jugs), alongside a number of special groups from this and other periods, including Philistine Bichrome vessels, vessels thought to have been imported, and several Judean pillar and other figurines. The primary aim of the study was to characterize the raw materials used for pottery production at this site and in the region of Benjamin, and to identify evidence for trade in vessels on various scales. The results show that, in general, the vast majority of the vessels were locally made (or made in the central hills region) from two main types of clay related to terra rossa or Moẓa type soils. Different classes of pottery, such as cooking pots or storage vessels, were made of different clay types. As not much compositional analysis of pottery from this region has been published, this study may also prove useful as comparative material for future compositional studies of pottery.
Enantioselective Au(I)/Au(III) Redox Catalysis Enabled by Rationally Designed Chiral (P,N)-Ligands
Authors: Chintawar Chetan C. , Bhoyare Vivek W. , Mane Manoj V. , Patil Nitin T.
Published: March 2022

We report, for the first time, the concept of enantioselective Au(I)/Au(III) redox catalysis, enabled by the newly designed hemilabile chiral (P,N)-ligands – ChetPhos. The potential of this concept has been demonstrated by the development of enantioselective 1,2-oxyarylation and 1,2-aminoarylation of alkenes which provided direct access to the medicinally relevant 3-oxy- and 3-aminochromans (up to 88% yield and 99% ee). DFT studies were carried out to underpin the enantioinduction model, which revealed that the greater trans-influence of phosphorus allows precise positioning of the substrate in the C2-symmetric chiral environment present around nitrogen, imparting a high level of enantioselectivity.
Guest-responsive thermal expansion in the Zr-porphyrin metal-organic framework PCN-222
Authors: Boström Hanna L. B. , Bette Sebastian , Emmerling Sebastian T. , Terban Maxwell W. , Lotsch Bettina V.
Published: March 2022

We use powder X-ray diffraction under variable temperature to study the thermal expansion of the metal- organic framework PCN-222 with varying amounts of guest content. The thermal expansion increases drastically in magnitude as the guest occupancy is reduced. Upon cooling, the thermal expansion along c changes sign from negative to positive and the volumetric expansivity nearly quadruples in magnitude. This seemingly results from a reorganisation of the guest molecules and so our results highlight the intriguing interplay between framework dynamics and guest occupancy in mesoporous metal-organic frameworks.