bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cranial and postcranial anatomy of a juvenile baurusuchid (Notosuchia, Crocodylomorpha) and the taxonomical implications of ontogeny
Authors: dos Santos Daniel Martins , de Carvalho Joyce Celerino , de Oliveira Carlos Eduardo Maia , de Andrade Marco Brandalise , Santucci Rodrigo Miloni
Published: March 2024

Baurusuchidae comprises a clade of top‐tier terrestrial predators and are among the most abundant crocodyliforms found in the Adamantina Formation, Bauru Basin, Brazil (Campanian‐Maastrichtian). Here, we provide a detailed description of the cranial and postcranial osteology and myology of the most complete juvenile baurusuchid found to date. Although the preservation of juvenile individuals is somewhat rare, previously reported occurrences of baurusuchid egg clutches, a yearling individual, and larger, but skeletally immature specimens, comprise a unique opportunity to track anatomical changes throughout their ontogenetic series. Its cranial anatomy was resolved with the aid of a three‐dimensional model generated by the acquisition of computed tomography data, and its inferred adductor mandibular musculature was compared to that of mature specimens in order to assess possible ontogenetic shifts. A subsequent phylogenetic analysis included the scoring of Gondwanasuchus scabrosus, the smallest baurusuchid species known to date, to evaluate its phylogenetic relations relative to a known juvenile. We find considerable differences between juveniles and adults concerning skull ornamentation and muscle development, which might indicate ontogenetic niche partitioning, and also anatomical and phylogenetic evidence that G. scabrosus corresponds to a young semaphoront lacking mature cranial features.
Hollow Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Spheres as Zincophilic Sites for Zn Flow Battery
Authors: Shi Han , Pan Hui , Kang Peng
Published: March 2024

Severe dendrite growth on Zn anodes poses a significant challenge to the development of Zn‐based batteries. An effective strategy for inhibiting the formation of Zn dendrites involves electrode modification. In this study, hollow nitrogen‐doped carbon spheres (HNCS) are synthesized and used as electrodes to regulate Zn deposition in Zn‐based flow batteries. The electrochemical performance of HNCS reveals that the pyrrole nitrogen of HNCS changes the electrode surface state. Therefore, HNCS can inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction and achieve uniform Zn deposition. HNCS can effectively inhibit dendrite growth and improve the reversibility of the Zn plating/stripping process to regulate the reversibility of Zn‐based batteries. The zinc‐bromine redox flow battery assembled with HNCS significantly reduces the hydrogen evolution reaction and exhibits a coulombic efficiency of 90 % and energy efficiency of 73 % at a current density of 60 mA cm−2. Similarly, an alkaline zinc‐iron flow battery can maintain high Coulombic efficiency and energy efficiency of 83 %.
Practical finite‐time and fixed‐time multigroup consensus for second‐order nonlinear multi‐agent systems with Markov switching topology
Authors: Lu Rongxiang , Wu Jie , Zhan Xisheng , Yan Huaicheng , Cai Xiushan
Published: March 2024

Practical finite‐time and fixed‐time multigroup consensus questions for second‐order nonlinear multi‐agent systems (MASs) with Markov switching topologies are investigated in this article. Based on the topology of switching, each agent will appear to switch between different groups, and by setting up group switching signal variables embedded in error variables for each agent, finite‐time and fixed‐time control protocols are proposed, respectively, such that the conditions that must be satisfied for all agents to achieve practical finite‐time multigroup consensus and practical fixed‐time multigroup consensus can be obtained, respectively. For unknown nonlinear functions in the dynamical system, a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) fit is used for approximation. Correspondingly, two examples are provided to verify the control effects of the control protocols.
The clinical relevance of subgroups of autistic adults: Stability and predictive value
Authors: Radhoe Tulsi A. , Agelink van Rentergem Joost A. , Torenvliet Carolien , Groenman Annabeth P. , van der Putten Wikke J. , Geurts Hilde M.
Published: March 2024

Autism in adulthood is characterized by heterogeneity, complicating the provision of tailored support. In previous work, we aimed to capture this heterogeneity by determining subgroups of autistic adults that differed in clinical outcomes: cognitive failures, psychological difficulties, and quality of life (QoL). Two subgroups were identified: a “Feelings of Low Grip” subgroup characterized by experiencing a lower sense of mastery and a higher susceptibility to difficulties in daily life, and a “Feelings of High Grip” subgroup characterized by a higher sense of mastery and lower susceptibility to difficulties in daily life. The current pre‐registered study involves a longitudinal extension to determine (a) stability and (b) predictive value of the previously identified two subgroups. Subgroups were identified using community detection based on 14 self‐report measures related to demographic, psychological, and lifestyle characteristics in two samples (aged 31–86 years) that were analyzed separately: Sample 1 (NAutism = 80) measured 5 years after baseline and Sample 2 (NAutism = 241, NComparison = 211) measured 2 years after baseline. The stability over time was assessed based on (a) the number of subgroups, (b) subgroup profiles, and (c) subgroup membership. Predictive validity was assessed for cognitive failures, psychological difficulties, and QoL. Results indicated that autistic and non‐autistic adults formed distinct subgroups. Within both autism samples, the two previously identified autism subgroups were replicated at follow‐up. Subgroup profiles were similar for >50% of the variables at two‐year follow‐up, and 21% at five‐year follow‐up. Moreover, ≥76% remained in the same subgroup at two‐year follow‐up, and ≥ 57% after 5 years. Subgroup membership was predictive of external clinical outcomes up to 5 years. Thus, this study demonstrated the stability and predictive value of the autism subgroups, especially for the two‐year follow‐up. A further focus on their clinical utility might increase the aptness of support, and may provide more insight into the aging process when being autistic.
Topical Antiedematogenic Activity of the Essential Oil of Psidium brownianum Mart. (OEPB) in Murine Ear Edema Models
Authors: de Souza Sampaio Renata , Brito Pereira Bezerra Martins Anita Oliveira , Santos da Silva Lucas Yure , Torres Pessoa Dra.Renata , Ribeiro‐Filho Jaime , de Araújo Delmondes Gyllyandeson , Bezerra Felipe Cícero Francisco , Alencar de Menezes Irwin Rose , Kerntopf Marta Regina
Published: March 2024

Psidium brownianum Mart is reported in the literature by antinociceptive and antioxidant activities, indicating that this species′ secondary metabolites might be used to control inflammatory processes. The present study aimed to characterize the topical antiedematogenic activity of the essential oil of Psidium brownianum Mart. (OEPB) in ear edema models by different inflammatory agents. Female Swiss mice (25–35 g) and Wistar albino rats (200–300 g) were used throughout tests (n=6/group) on acute or chronic edema models induced by single and multiple topical applications. The OEPB is administered topically pure or at a concentration of 100 or 200 mg/mL. The antiedematogenic mechanism of OEPB was analyzed by administering capsaicin, arachidonic acid, histamine, and phenol at the best effective dose (200 mg/mL). The results showed a significant reduction of edema‐induced single (28.87 %) and multiple (50.13 %) applications of croton oil compared to the negative control group. Regarding potential mechanisms of action, OEPB (200 mg/mL) inhibited the development of edema triggered by capsaicin (29.95 %), arachidonic acid (22.66 %), phenol (23.35 %), and histamine (75.46 %), suggesting an interference with the histaminergic pathway. These results indicate that OEPB presents a topical antiedematogenic effect in acute and chronic murine models, possibly interfering with inflammatory pathways triggered by mediators such as histamine.
Relapsed isolated CNS lymphoma treated with radiotherapy and intrathecal methotrexate followed by high‐dose intravenous methotrexate, rituximab, and temozolomide: A case report
Authors: Rinaldi Ikhwan , Muthalib Abdul , Gondhowiardjo Soehartati , Setiawan Tjondro , Gunawan Andhika , Susanto Nelly , Magdalena Lingga , Winston Kevin , Disamantiji Ashila , Wirawan Bintang
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Optimized treatments for relapsed isolated CNS lymphoma (RI‐SCNSL) remains under investigation. Temozolomide combination‐based therapy, which is often used in glioblastoma may be used as potential treatment in RI‐SCNSL.

One of the most common types of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Despite advances in treatment, relapsed isolated CNS lymphoma (RI‐SCNSL) from DLBCL remains an issue. The optimal approach in RI‐SCNSL remains an area of active investigation as currently there is no high level of evidence for the treatments due to lack of randomized studies. In this case report, we present a DLBCL patient with CNS recurrence treated radiotherapy and intrathecal methotrexate (MTX) followed by intravenous high‐dose MTX, rituximab, and temozolomide. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing RI‐SCNSL treated with the regiments above which also include temozolomide which is used for glioblastoma.
Renal cell carcinoma with multiple bone metastases effectively treated by a combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitor, robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy, and metastasectomy
Authors: Sawada Atsuro , Takeda Masashi , Goto Takayuki , Akamatsu Shusuke , Kobayashi Takashi
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Maintaining a disease‐free status for a long time in cases of renal cell carcinoma with multiple bone metastases and repeated recurrences is challenging. What matters most in the multidisciplinary approach is the treatment strategy. Although this is a case where multidisciplinary treatment resulted in long‐term CR during the TKI era, the treatment strategy is still relevant now that treatment options have increased.

Recent advances in medications, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), have improved metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) outcomes. We report a case of mRCC with bone metastasis that was successfully treated using a multidisciplinary approach. Here, we present a case of a 56‐year‐old man with left renal cancer and large and painful bone metastases at the 11th thoracic vertebrae (Th11). Therefore, a metastasectomy of Th11 was performed. Systemic treatment with TKI, robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy, and metastasectomy were then administered. No recurrence was observed in >2 years. Long‐term disease‐free survival with the TKI‐era multidisciplinary approach in a patient with mRCC remains significant when considering treatment sequences, especially now that drug treatment options—including ICIs—have increased. Treatment strategy and indication and timing of resection of the primary lesion and metastasectomy should be carefully considered in each case.
Mechanism and Kinetics Guided Design of Catalysts for Functionalized Nitroarenes Hydrogenation
Authors: Yao Chang , Li Wenhua , Ge Xiaohu , Shi Yao , Cao Yueqiang , Chen De , Zhou Xinggui , Duan Xuezhi
Published: March 2024

Selective hydrogenation of functionalized nitroarenes to anilines employed with heterogeneous catalysts is a significant process and widely applied in chemical industry. However, designing high‐performance catalysts for these processes remains challenging. Recently, notable advancements have been achieved in synthesis methodologies, characterization techniques, and theoretical calculations, offering opportunities to gain insights into mechanisms. This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the mechanistic aspects of selective hydrogenation catalysis for functionalized nitroarenes. We initiate by delving into the structure‐performance relationship, with the aim of providing a comprehensive understanding of mechanistic and kinetic details in the selective hydrogenation of functionalized nitroarenes. Subsequently, we introduce various strategies for designing high‐performance catalysts, categorizing them into three key aspects: isolating active sites, synergizing active sites and regulating local environments of active sites. Finally, we conclude with a concise overview of the current state of this field and provide a forward‐looking perspective for future studies, emphasizing the high‐performance design and manipulation of catalysts to achieve precise control over selectivity towards target products.
Effect of resin composition on cure depth, dimensional accuracy, and surface roughness in Al2O3 stereolithographic 3D printing
Authors: McAleer Eoin G. , Alazzawi Mustafa K. , Haber Richard A. , Akdoğan Enver Koray
Published: March 2024

The choice of resin for ceramic stereolithographic 3D printing has a critical impact on printed ceramic preforms. In this study, we focused on the correlation between resin composition and parameters such as cure depth, surface morphology, lateral dimension, apparent layer height, and surface roughness. Special emphasis was placed on the addition of an oligomer and a plasticizing agent to a monomer‐based suspension. Four suspensions were studied: a 100% monomer (ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate) only suspension (M100), a suspension with 25% by weight plasticizing agent (polyethylene glycol) (PEG25), and two different suspensions with oligomer (urethane methacrylate) added at 25% (O25) and 50% (O50) by weight. Constant energy and printing parameters were used between suspensions. Adding a plasticizing agent (PEG25) was found to increase the cure depth and projected image of the samples, while additional oligomer with both amounts (O25 and O50) resulted in a decrease in the same parameters. The suspensions with oligomer were found to have increased surface roughness measured using the average deviation from the profile height mean line (Ra), with O25 at 13.47 µm and O50 at 11.47 µm. All suspensions had negative values of skewness (Rsk) in the range –0.4 to –1.2. PEG25 had the surface most distinct from a normally distributed surface with an Rsk of –1.12 and a kurtosis (Rku) value of 4.49. The use of the average length of a profile element (RSm) as a layer height estimation tool was explored and it was found that the RSm was within 10 µm of the printed layer height in all suspensions studied except for PEG25. This study highlights the importance of resin composition in ceramic stereolithographic 3D printing. Modulating the inclusion of a plasticizing agent and oligomer in the resin has significant effects on printed sample parameters such as cure depth and surface roughness.
Barrieretechnologien und Automatisierung in der Pharmaherstellung
Authors: Denk Richard
Published: March 2024

Containment in der chemischen und pharmazeutischen Industrie dient dem Schutz von Mitarbeitern, Umwelt und Produkten und verhindert Kreuzkontaminationen. Richard Denk, Chair COP Containment DACH ISPE und Senior Consultant Aseptic Processing & Containment bei der Skan, gibt im CITplus‐Interview einen Ausblick auf seinen Vortrag im Rahmen des virtuellen ReinRaumTechnik‐Events “Containment in der Pharma‐ und Chemieindustrie” am 13. März.
Kommunikationstechnologien für Sensoren
Authors: Wiener Michael , Müller Nico
Published: March 2024

Die Integration und Vernetzung moderner Technologien wie Single Pair Ethernet, IO‐Link und Sensor‐to‐Cloud‐Kommunikation eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten. Die Machine‐to‐Machine Kommunikation als ein wesentliches Element der Industrie 4.0 gewinnt unter Kosten‐ und Effizienzgesichtspunkten immer mehr an Bedeutung.
Geprüfte H2‐Dichtungswerkstoffe
Authors: Lubos Philipp
Published: March 2024

Die Werkstoff‐Familie H2Pro ist für Dichtungsapplikationen entlang der Wasserstoff‐Wertschöpfungskette ausgelegt. Unter den Lösungen befinden sich ein neues Ethylen‐Propylen‐Dien‐Monomer (EPDM) für Hochdruckumgebungen in einem breiten Temperaturbereich sowie ein thermoplastisches Polyurethan (TPU) für sehr niedrige Temperaturen. Einsatzbereiche sind zum Beispiel Ventil‐Anwendungen, Durchflussmesser, Filter und Anschlüsse.
Impact of engineered water in modulating the wettability of oil–brine–rock system for improved oil recovery
Authors: Behera Uma Sankar , Dadhich Raghav , Sangwai Jitendra S.
Published: March 2024

Low salinity water injection stands as a progressive method for enhanced oil recovery, representing a current focus of extensive research. Understanding wettability alteration in crude oil is hindered by its intricate nature, posing a challenge for researchers. In order to better understand wettability alteration and underlying phenomena in an oil–brine–rock system, a fundamental study was carried out using pure hydrocarbon (aliphatic: n‐heptane; aromatic: toluene) and crude oil on quartz surface against engineered water consist of monovalent (NaCl) and divalent (MgSO4) salts in various compositions (NaCl:MgSO4: 100:0; NaCl:MgSO4: 0:100; NaCl:MgSO4: 75:25; NaCl:MgSO4: 50:50; NaCl:MgSO4: 25:75). The variables under investigation include temperature (25 to 65°C), pure hydrocarbons (toluene, n‐heptane), crude oil (Indian offshore), and brine (B1 to B5) with concentration (0 to 20,000 ppm). The findings show that when brine solution contains solely NaCl salt at a concentration of 2000 ppm, n‐heptane exhibits a minimum contact angle on quartz plate. Contrarily, toluene exhibits a low contact angle with a brine solution that only contains MgSO4 salt at a concentration of 2000 ppm. The intriguing finding is that when monovalent and divalent salts are equal (NaCl:MgSO4: 50:50) in the brine, crude oil exhibits the smallest contact angle on quartz. Additionally, temperature and contact angle are directly related for all oil types. The optimal brine for achieving the minimum contact angle on quartz surface is (B1)2000 for n‐heptane, (B2)2000 for toluene, and (B4)2000 for crude oil for the current study. The study findings indicate that the alteration in wettability due to brine composition and salinity varies among different oil samples, characterized by purely aliphatic, aromatic, and mixed components, and it depends on the type of salt compositions. Higher salts concentration minimally affects n‐heptane but influences toluene and crude oil contact angles.
Surface Engineering on Zinc Anode for Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Peng Huili , Ge Wenjing , Ma Xiaojian , Jiang Xiaolei , Zhang Kaiyuan , Yang Jian
Published: March 2024

Rechargeable aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) are considered as a potential alternative to lithium‐ion batteries due to their low cost, high safety, and environmental friendliness. However, the Zn anodes in AZMBs face severe challenges, such as dendrite growth, metal corrosion, and hydrogen evolution, all of which are closely related to the Zn/electrolyte interface. This article offers a short review on surface passivation to alleviate the issues on the Zn anodes. The composition and structure of the surface layers significantly influence their functions and then the performance of the Zn anodes. The recent progresses are introduced, according to the chemical components of the passivation layers on the Zn anodes. Moreover, the challenges and prospects of surface passivation in stabilizing Zn anodes are discussed, providing valuable guidance for the development of AZMBs.
A novel 13‐level switched‐capacitor step‐up inverter with reduced component count
Authors: Anand Ravi , Mandal Rajib Kumar
Published: March 2024

This article presents a switched‐capacitor‐based 13‐level inverter that exhibits step‐up property. The suggested converter makes use of a single DC source, 12 switches, three capacitors, and two diodes to accomplish the goal of producing a 13‐level output voltage while simultaneously achieving a boosting factor of six. Notably, inherent voltage balancing is attained for a wide variety of load types without the need of complex control methods or additional circuitry. In addition to this, the paper presents a comprehensive study of the power losses that occur across the different components of the converter. Multiple aspects of a topology's performance are taken into account during a comparison analysis with recent topologies that have a single and double DC sources connected to the input. The investigation incorporates simulations with both inductive and resistive loads. In order to validate that the proposed converter is effective, a prototype is built in the laboratory. The practicality of the suggested topology is shown by the collection of experimental result acquired under different loading situations. These findings include dynamic fluctuations in load and modulation indices.
Fixation of an esophageal stent using a novel re‐openable endoclip for a tracheoesophageal fistula
Authors: Kubota Yo , Nishiyama Ryu , Sasaki Masaya , Sakabe Yuta , Doi Kusutaro , Kitagawa Hiroyuki , Kikuchi Hidehiko , Kusano Chika
Published: March 2024

Although esophageal stenting is one treatment option as a palliative treatment for tracheoesophageal fistulas, serious complications are associated with stent migration. Some reports have described stent fixation using various devices to prevent stent migration. However, these have yet to be sufficiently examined. We performed esophageal stent fixation using the MANTIS Clip (Boston Scientific), a novel re‐openable endoclip. An 89‐year‐old man developed a tracheoesophageal fistula after radiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Esophageal stenting was considered because the patient had difficulty with oral intake. However, the patient had a mild stenosis, which suggested stent migration. Therefore, we performed esophageal stent fixation by grasping the mouth side of the stent and the normal mucosa of the esophagus with the MANTIS Clip after placement of the stent. The esophageal stent closed the fistula, and the patient was able to take food orally. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy performed 3 weeks after stenting showed residual MANTIS Clip and no evidence of stent migration. Esophageal stent fixation with MANTIS clips for tracheoesophageal fistulas may be an option to prevent stent migration.
Differentiating localized autoimmune pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using endoscopic ultrasound images with deep learning
Authors: Nakamura Hitomi , Fukuda Motohisa , Matsuda Akiko , Makino Naohiko , Kimura Hirohito , Ohtaki Yu , Nawa Yoshihito , Oyama Soushi , Suzuki Yuya , Kobayashi Toshikazu , Ishizawa Tetsuya , Kakizaki Yasuharu , Ueno Yoshiyuki
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Localized autoimmune pancreatitis is difficult to differentiate from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma on endoscopic ultrasound images. In recent years, deep learning methods have improved the diagnosis of diseases. Hence, we developed a special cross‐validation framework to search for effective methodologies of deep learning in distinguishing autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma on endoscopic ultrasound images.

Methods

Data from 24 patients diagnosed with localized autoimmune pancreatitis (8751 images) and 61 patients diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (20,584 images) were collected from 2016 to 2022. We applied transfer learning to a convolutional neural network called ResNet152, together with our innovative imaging method contributing to data augmentation and temporal data process. We divided patients into five groups according to different factors for 5‐fold cross‐validation, where the ordered and balanced datasets were created for the performance evaluations.

Results

ResNet152 surpassed the endoscopists in all evaluation metrics with almost all datasets. Interestingly, when the dataset is balanced according to the factor of the endoscopists’ diagnostic accuracy, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and accuracy were highest at 0.85 and 0.80, respectively.

Conclusions

It is deduced that image features useful for ResNet152 correlate with those used by endoscopists for their diagnoses. This finding may contribute to sample‐efficient dataset preparation to train convolutional neural networks for endoscopic ultrasonography‐imaging diagnosis.
Should Researchers Destroy Audio or Video Recordings?
Authors: Resnik David B. , Antes Alison , Mozersky Jessica
Published: March 2024

It is a common practice in qualitative research to transcribe audio or video files from interviews or focus groups and then destroy the files at some future time, usually after validating the transcript or concluding the research. We argue that it is time to rethink this practice and that retention of original qualitative data—including audio and video recordings—should be the default stance in most cases.
The synergistic effects of a leaf mixture on decomposition change with a period of terrestrial exposure prior to immersion in a stream
Authors: Abelho Manuela , Descals Enrique
Published: March 2024

The effect of mixing litter on decomposition has received considerable attention in terrestrial and aquatic (but rarely in both) ecosystems, with a striking lack of consensus in the obtained results. We studied the decomposition of a mixture of poplar and alder in three terrestrial: aquatic exposures to determine (1) if the effect of mixing litter on mass loss, associated decomposers (fungal biomass, sporulation rates, and richness), and detritivores (abundance, biomass, and richness of invertebrate shredders) differs between the stream (fully aquatic exposure) and when litter is exposed to a period of terrestrial exposure prior to immersion and (2) the effect of the mixture across exposure scenarios. The effect of the mixture was additive on mass loss and synergistic on decomposers and detritivores across exposure scenarios. Within scenarios, mass loss and decomposers showed synergistic effects only in the fully aquatic exposure, detritivores showed synergistic effects only when the period of terrestrial was shorter than the period of aquatic exposure, and when the period of terrestrial was equal to the period of aquatic exposure the effect of the mixture was additive on mass loss, decomposers, and detritivores. The species‐specific effects also differed among exposure scenarios. Alder affected poplar only when there was a period of terrestrial exposure, with increased sporulation rates and fungal richness in exposure 25:75, and increased mass loss in exposure 50:50. Poplar affected alder only under fully aquatic exposure, with increased mass loss. In conclusion, the synergistic effects of the mixture changed with a period of terrestrial exposure prior to immersion. These results provide a cross‐boundary perspective on the effect of mixing litter, showing a legacy effect of exposure to terrestrial decomposition on the fate of plant litter in aquatic ecosystems and highlighting the importance of also assessing the effect of mixing litter on the associated biota and not only on mass loss.
Let's get high: Cladogenesis in freshwater crabs (Decapoda: Potamonautidae: Potamonautes) supports the mountain gradient speciation hypothesis in the Cape Fold and Drakensberg Mountains, South Africa
Authors: Daniels Savel R. , Peer Nasreen , Myburgh Angus Macgregor , Barnes Aaron , Klaus Sebastian
Published: March 2024

During the present study, the evolutionary relationship within a clade of mountain clade of freshwater crabs (Potamonautes) was examined using mtDNA sequence data for species from the Cape Fold Mountain (CFM) and Great Escarpment (Drakensberg Mountain range). We undertook phylogenetic analyses, divergence time estimation, and an ancestral area reconstruction to explore the period of cladogenesis and understand the biogeographic history in this high‐altitude clade. Furthermore, we applied four species delimitation methods using ASAP, bPTP, bGMYC, and STACEY on the latter clade. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses retrieved a monophyletic freshwater crab clade comprised of two major sister clades, one comprised of the Cape Fold (clade A) and two comprised of Drakensberg Mountains (clade B) species. Divergence time estimation indicated that the two clades underwent Mio/Pliocene cladogenesis. Within the CFM clade (A), P. amathole (Amathola Mountains) was sister to P. parvispina (Cederberg and Kouebokkeveld Mountains) and the latter species were sister to P. parvicorpus (Cape Peninsula, Jonkershoek, and Helderberg Mountains) sister to P. tuerkayi (Overberg Mountains) and P. brincki (Hottentots Holland Mountains). Within the Drakensberg Mountain clade (B), we observed in situ diversification. Specimens from the southcentral Drakensberg Mountains (Dargle Forest, Injasuti, Karkloof, and Impendle) represent a new undescribed lineage Potamonautes sp. nov. 1. The second clade from the northern Drakensberg, representing P. clarus, was sister to a central Drakensberg Mountain clade that comprised P. depressus that was in turn sister to P. baziya from the Eastern Cape Province. The application of species delimitation methods generally overestimated the number of species. The biogeographic analyses indicated that the Eastern Cape Province is the most likely ancestral range area. Ecological niche modelling of representative species in clades A (Cape Fold Mountains) and B (Drakensberg Mountains) demonstrated that temperature and rainfall were the major abiotic drivers that differentiated the two clades. Our data favours the mountain gradient speciation hypothesis.
Frequency of natural regulatory T cells specific for factor VIII in the peripheral blood of healthy donors
Authors: Menier Catherine , Meunier Sylvain , Porcheddu Valeria , Romano Laurène , Correia Evelyne , Busato Florence , Tost Jorg , Maillère Bernard
Published: March 2024

Tolerance to self‐proteins involves multiple mechanisms, including conventional CD4+ T‐cell (Tconv) deletion in the thymus and the recruitment of natural regulatory T cells (nTregs). The significant incidence of autoantibodies specific for the blood coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in healthy donors illustrates that tolerance to self‐proteins is not always complete. In contrast to FVIII‐specific Tconvs, FVIII‐specific nTregs have never been revealed and characterized. To determine the frequency of FVIII‐specific Tregs in human peripheral blood, we assessed the specificity of in vitro expanded Tregs by the membrane expression of the CD137 activation marker. Amplified Tregs maintain high levels of FOXP3 expression and exhibit almost complete demethylation of the FOXP3 Treg‐specific demethylated region. The cells retained FOXP3 expression after long‐term culture in vitro, strongly suggesting that FVIII‐specific Tregs are derived from the thymus. From eleven healthy donors, we estimated the frequencies of FVIII‐specific Tregs at 0.17 cells per million, which is about 10‐fold lower than the frequency of FVIII‐specific CD4+ T cells we previously published. Our results shed light on the mechanisms of FVIII tolerance by a renewed approach that could be extended to other self‐ or non‐self‐antigens.
Unlocking the Power of Acyl Fluorides: A Comprehensive Guide to Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Bonnefoy Clémence , Gallego Adrien , Delobel Clément , Raynal Betty , Decourt Maxime , Chefdeville Emmanuel , Hanquet Gilles , Panossian Armen , Leroux Frédéric R. , Toulgoat Fabien , Billard Thierry
Published: March 2024

Acyl fluorides have emerged as versatile reagents in various synthetic endeavors, offering a range of advantages over their counterparts, acyl chlorides. This study delves into the properties and reactivity of acyl fluorides, particularly their reaction with amines and alcohols, to elucidate their distinct characteristics. We also introduce a facile and practical synthesis of acyl fluorides from a stable solution of CF3O− salt. Additionally, we establish an efficient one‐pot process for the direct preparation of amides or esters from corresponding acids and amines or alcohols, showcasing the remarkable efficiency of acyl fluorides in these transformations.
Recent Advances of 2‐Nitroglycals as Powerful Glycosyl Donors
Authors: Li Xinxin , Deng Lei , Wang Liming , Zhang Qingju
Published: March 2024

2‐Nitroglycals are important synthons for biological active 2‐aminoglycosides, glycoconjugates and natural products synthesis. Herein, we summarized the recent advances of 2‐nitroglycals including its synthetic methods and its applications. Using 2‐nitroglycals, 2‐aminoglycosides, nitro‐polyol derivatives, sugar‐furan derivatives, sugar‐pyrrole molecules, 2,3‐diaminoglycosides and 2‐amino‐1,3‐dithioglycosides were obtained via Michael–type addition, retro‐Henry‐type reaction, C1/C3‐Ferrier rearrangement and [3+2] N‐heterocyclic addition. Most of these conversions are achieved via mild organo‐catalysis glycosylation methods.
Guided internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy for provoked vestibulodynia: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Buhrman Monica , Hällström Hanna , Fridén Annika , Kettis Moden Emma , Grahn Gunnar , Carlfjord Maja , Hjo Camille , Gasslander Nils , Bohm‐Starke Nina , McCracken Lance M.
Published: March 2024

Background

Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) causes suffering in many women's lives due to its impact on relationships, sexual functioning and functioning in other key domains.

Objective

Here, we report a randomized controlled trial conducted to examine whether Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) with a focus on values‐based exposure, delivered online, benefits women with PVD.

Methods

Participants (n = 88) were randomized to either guided online ACT for 10 weeks or a wait‐list control group. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, post treatment and 1 year later. Analyses were based on intention to treat using linear mixed models.

Results

There were significant group differences on the primary outcomes, Female Sexual Index and Female Sexual Distress Scale, in favour of online ACT with moderate effect sizes. Differences were also found on several secondary outcomes and therapeutic process measures, all in favour of ACT. No differences were found at post‐treatment for depression or anxiety. At the 1‐year follow‐up, results were maintained and a difference between baseline and follow‐up was also found for depression.

Conclusion/Significance

In summary, a relatively brief, guided, online version of ACT appears to produce benefits for women with PVD and related impacts on daily functioning. 50% to 60% of the women who participated in the treatment reliably improved in sexual functioning and distress.
Modeling and performance analysis of a lithium‐ion battery pack with an electric vehicle power‐train for different drive cycles and highway conditions
Authors: Harikrishnan Mannilputhiyaveedu RadhakrishnaPillai , Kanakasabapathy Ponnusamy
Published: March 2024

Lithium‐ion cell chemistries are favored in the automotive sector, as they enable electric vehicles (EVs) to compete with traditional gasoline‐powered vehicles in terms of performance, range, and cost. The life and performance of these packs depend upon the Battery management system which monitors and controls the pack. The modeling, simulation, and analysis of a lithium‐ion battery pack that closely resembles an actual automobile battery are the focus of this paper. Real cells that are commercially available and specifically developed for automotive applications are modeled in the simulation environment. The cell characterization and formation of pack topology with heat exchange are addressed. A commercial electric car's power train model and EV dynamics are used in the simulation environment to test the modeled battery pack over various drive cycles. The performance analysis is upscaled by considering different aspects like resistive forces while driving, ambient temperature, initial conditions while the vehicle starts, etc. The battery manufacturer can verify the battery's performance under different load conditions, with a high degree of similarity to real‐world scenarios. The simulations are conducted on MATLAB/Simulink 2021b software.
Correlation‐based tests of predictability
Authors: Brown Pablo Pincheira , Hardy Nicolás
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we propose a correlation‐based test for the evaluation of two competing forecasts. Under the null hypothesis of equal correlations with the target variable, we derive the asymptotic distribution of our test using the Delta method. This null hypothesis is not necessarily equivalent to the null of equal Mean Squared Prediction Errors (MSPE). Specifically, it might be the case that the forecast displaying the lowest MSPE also exhibits the lowest correlation with the target variable: this is known as “The MSPE paradox.” In this sense, our approach should be seen as complementary to traditional tests of equality in MSPE. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that our test has good size and power. Finally, we illustrate the use of our test in an empirical exercise in which we compare two different inflation forecasts for a sample of OECD economies. We find more rejections of the null of equal correlations than rejections of the null of equality in MSPE.
Effects of dopamine and opioid receptor antagonism on the neural processing of social and nonsocial rewards
Authors: Massaccesi Claudia , Korb Sebastian , Götzendorfer Sebastian , Chiappini Emilio , Willeit Matthaeus , Lundström Johan N. , Windischberger Christian , Eisenegger Christoph , Silani Giorgia
Published: March 2024

Rewards are a broad category of stimuli inducing approach behavior to aid survival. Extensive evidence from animal research has shown that wanting (the motivation to pursue a reward) and liking (the pleasure associated with its consumption) are mostly regulated by dopaminergic and opioidergic activity in dedicated brain areas. However, less is known about the neuroanatomy of dopaminergic and opioidergic regulation of reward processing in humans, especially when considering different types of rewards (i.e., social and nonsocial). To fill this gap of knowledge, we combined dopaminergic and opioidergic antagonism (via amisulpride and naltrexone administration) with functional neuroimaging to investigate the neurochemical and neuroanatomical bases of wanting and liking of matched nonsocial (food) and social (interpersonal touch) rewards, using a randomized, between‐subject, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind design. While no drug effect was observed at the behavioral level, brain activity was modulated by the administered compounds. In particular, opioid antagonism, compared to placebo, reduced activity in the medial orbitofrontal cortex during consumption of the most valued social and nonsocial rewards. Dopamine antagonism, however, had no clear effects on brain activity in response to reward anticipation. These findings provide insights into the neurobiology of human reward processing and suggest a similar opioidergic regulation of the neural responses to social and nonsocial reward consumption.
Metabolomic landscape of overall and common cancers in the UK Biobank: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Hu Chanchan , Fan Yi , Lin Zhifeng , Xie Xiaoxu , Huang Shaodan , Hu Zhijian
Published: March 2024

Information about the NMR metabolomics landscape of overall, and common cancers is still limited. Based on a cohort of 83,290 participants from the UK Biobank, we used multivariate Cox regression to assess the associations between each of the 168 metabolites with the risks of overall cancer and 20 specific types of cancer. Then, we applied LASSO to identify important metabolites for overall cancer risk and obtained their associations using multivariate cox regression. We further conducted mediation analysis to evaluate the mediated role of metabolites in the effects of traditional factors on overall cancer risk. Finally, we included the 13 identified metabolites as predictors in prediction models, and compared the accuracies of our traditional models. We found that there were commonalities among the metabolic profiles of overall and specific types of cancer: the top 20 frequently identified metabolites for 20 specific types of cancer were all associated with overall cancer; most of the specific types of cancer had common identified metabolites. Meanwhile, the associations between the same metabolite with different types of cancer can vary based on the site of origin. We identified 13 metabolic biomarkers associated with overall cancer, and found that they mediated the effects of traditional factors. The accuracies of prediction models improved when we added 13 identified metabolites in models. This study is helpful to understand the metabolic mechanisms of overall and a wide range of cancers, and our results also indicate that NMR metabolites are potential biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prevention.
Healthy dietary patterns and risk of prostate cancer in men at high genetic risk
Authors: Zhang Yiwen , Stopsack Konrad H. , Song Mingyang , Mucci Lorelei A. , Liu Binkai , Penney Kathryn L. , Tabung Fred K. , Giovannucci Edward , Plym Anna
Published: March 2024

Prostate cancer has high heritability. Healthy lifestyle has been associated with lower lethal prostate cancer risk among men at increased genetic susceptibility, but the role of healthy dietary patterns remains unknown. We prospectively followed 10,269 genotyped men in the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study (1993–2019). Genetic risk was quantified using an established polygenic risk score (PRS). Five dietary patterns were investigated: healthy eating index, Mediterranean, diabetes risk‐reducing, hyperinsulinemic and inflammatory diet. Overall and lethal prostate cancer rates (metastatic disease/prostate cancer‐specific death) were analyzed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. During 26 years of follow‐up, 2133 overall and 253 lethal prostate cancer events were documented. In the highest PRS quartile, higher adherence to a diabetes risk‐reducing diet was associated with lower rates of overall (top vs. bottom quintile HR [95% CI], 0.74 [0.58–0.94]) and lethal prostate cancer (0.43 [0.21–0.88]). A low insulinemic diet was associated with similar lower rates (overall, 0.76 [0.60–0.95]; lethal, 0.46 [0.23–0.94]). Other dietary patterns showed weaker, but similar associations. In the highest PRS quartile, men with healthy lifestyles based on body weight, physical activity, and low insulinemic diet had a substantially lower rate (0.26 [0.13–0.49]) of lethal prostate cancer compared with men with unhealthy lifestyles, translating to a lifetime risk of 3.4% (95% CI, 2.3%–5.0%) among those with healthy lifestyles and 9.5% (5.3%–16.7%) among those with unhealthy lifestyles. Our findings indicate that lifestyle modifications lowering insulin resistance and chronic hyperinsulinemia could be relevant in preventing aggressive prostate cancer among men genetically predisposed to prostate cancer.
Unraveling the cross‐talk between N6‐methyladenosine modification and non‐coding RNAs in breast cancer: Mechanisms and clinical implications
Authors: Liu Xuan , Xie Xuelong , Sui Chentao , Liu Xuexue , Song Miao , Luo Qing , Zhan Ping , Feng Jia , Liu Jinbo
Published: March 2024

In recent years, breast cancer (BC) has surpassed lung cancer as the most common malignant tumor worldwide and remains the leading cause of cancer death in women. The etiology of BC usually involves dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms and aberrant expression of certain non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs). N6‐methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent RNA modification in eukaryotes, widely exists in ncRNAs to affect its biosynthesis and function, and is an important regulator of tumor‐related signaling pathways. Interestingly, ncRNAs can also regulate or target m6A modification, playing a key role in cancer progression. However, the m6A‐ncRNAs regulatory network in BC has not been fully elucidated, especially the regulation of m6A modification by ncRNAs. Therefore, in this review, we comprehensively summarize the interaction mechanisms and biological significance of m6A modifications and ncRNAs in BC. Meanwhile, we also focused on the clinical application value of m6A modification in BC diagnosis and prognosis, intending to explore new biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.
Prognostic nomogram for predicting the overall survival rate of patients with uterine clear‐cell carcinoma: Based on SEER database
Authors: Huang Ting , Lu Fan
Published: March 2024

Objective

To evaluate the risk factors for uterine clear‐cell carcinoma (UCCC) and construct nomograms predicting 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival rates of patients with UCCC.

Methods

The demographic and clinical information of 1674 patients diagnosed with UCCC between 2004 and 2015, including age, race, marital status, tumor size, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, and details of surgery and radiotherapy/chemotherapy, was collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. After excluding patients with unknown AJCC stage, race, marital status, or lymph node information, 1469 patients remained. Risk factors were determined using univariate and multivariate analyses, and nomograms were developed to predict 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival of UCCC. Various indicators were used to evaluate the performance of the nomogram, such as the C‐index, net classification improvement (NRI) and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

Age, log odds of positive lymph nodes, AJCC stage, surgery status, and chemotherapy status were independent risk factors for UCCC. The C‐indexes of the training group and AJCC stage groups were 0.771 and 0.697, respectively. The results for the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, NRI, and calibration curves indicated that the nomogram had good predictive ability. DCA revealed that the nomogram had greater clinical applicability than AJCC stage alone. Internal validation using the validation cohort also demonstrated that this nomogram had good predictive performance.

Conclusion

A new nomogram comprising a combination of demographic and clinical characteristics provided better survival predictions than the AJCC staging system alone, which will facilitate prognostic assessments and clinical decision‐making.
Maternal GBS vaccination for preventing group B streptococcus disease in newborns: A mini review of current evidence
Authors: Kokori Emmanuel , Olatunji Gbolahan , Komolafe Rosemary , Ogieuhi Ikponmwosa Jude , Oyebiyi Babajide , Ajayi Irene , Muogbo Ifeanyichukwu , Ukoaka Bonaventure , Samuel Owolabi , Aderinto Nicholas
Published: March 2024

Group B streptococcus (GBS) poses a significant threat to neonates, leading to morbidity and mortality. Intrapartum antibiotics, although effective, have limitations, prompting the exploration of maternal vaccination. This study reviews the current evidence for maternal GBS vaccination in the prevention of early‐onset GBS disease in newborns. A search on Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus identified studies assessing the impact of maternal GBS vaccination on early‐onset GBS disease. Inclusion criteria comprised English‐language clinical trials or observational studies. Data extraction included study details, immunogenicity profiles, effectiveness, safety outcomes, and relevant findings. Qualitative synthesis was employed for data analysis. Five studies meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Maternal GBS vaccines demonstrated efficacy with sustained immunogenicity. Adverse events, although documented, were predominantly non‐severe. Variability in immune responses and maternal‐to‐infant antibody ratios show the need for tailored vaccination approaches. Long‐term follow up and surveillance are essential to assess persistence and identify unintended effects. Positive outcomes in vaccine efficacy support GBS vaccination integration into maternal health programs. Implementation challenges in diverse healthcare infrastructures require tailored approaches, especially in resource‐limited settings. Overcoming cultural barriers and ensuring healthcare provider awareness are crucial for successful vaccination.