bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current ways of expressing voice in Ukrainian language
Authors: Yanush Oleg ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2024

The article covers consideration and analysis of syntactic rules for the category of voice in modern Ukrainian language, particularly in the sphere of professional communication. The proposed study traces the definitions of active and passive voice constructions, introduces definitions of direct and indirect subject, and also analyzes the formation of the indirect subject, indicating its belonging to the class of animate and inanimate objects. The article considers various ways of correct conveying of thoughts, accurate and logical presentation of the context, which can be achieved through particular syntactic norms of different styles in professional speech, using such verb voices as active and passive, as well as the reflexive voice, which is inherent, in particular, to Ukrainian language. Therefore, the author analyzes semantic structure of a clause from the point of view on reflecting transient process. Indicating the direct order of words in the sentence, it is manifested that subject in a sentence expresses a person or an object, a phenomenon that performs certain action, an object or a person that is in specific texts like natural, technical or social narratives, where subjects may be animate and inanimate ones. Formulating the idea through linguistic means in such clauses, statements, etc., it is affirmed that the semantic structure of the sentence is to be structured by definite syntactical model. Also, through the study it has been defined the status of verbs with the postfix -sia (ukr. -ся) in contemporary Ukrainian language. Its uncertainty of usage is sometimes observed mentioning passive and reflexive voices in Ukrainian. This postfix historical development of applying within the morphological structure of the word, word combination and clause has been analyzed. The author believes that it indicates the action is accomplished by the subject itself. The characteristic features of the development of reflexive verbs used for various semantic connotations are distinguished considering relationship between subject and object in action, which allowed the author to distinguish at least their six qualifications keeping in mind much broader verb classification within reflexive constructions. Taking into consideration that the mentioned verbs with postfix -sia are referred to the reflexive voice. It is emphasized that verbs with the mentioned postfix are derived from transitive verbs. In conclusion it is emphasized that in modern Ukrainian literary language, and especially professional one, two-part active and passive constructions are commonly used, and the usage of reflexive voice needs further scientific investigation and study.
Law Applicable to the Procedure for Notifying a Party of a Court Proceeding on the Territory of a Foreign State
Authors: Dolgushin A. E.
Published: July 2024

The paper examines the problem of legal uncertainty that arises when courts resolve the issue of the law applicable to the procedure for notifying a party to a court proceeding on the territory of a foreign state. The author identifies and considers two procedural stages at which the court is obliged either to determine in what order to notify the party, or to assess compliance with the notification procedure by another court. Based on the analysis of doctrine and law enforcement practice, the author identifies regulatory problems inherent in each procedural stage. The author concludes that, regardless of the procedural stage, there is no uncertainty about the applicable law if there is an international agreement between the States. The lack of an agreement makes law enforcement agencies look for alternative approaches that vary in practice. Based on a comparative analysis of approaches used in international practice, the author suggests ways available to the Russian regulator to overcome these problems in relation to each procedural stage.
The Limits of Legal and Illegal Video Game Streaming
Authors: Zalyalov D. A.
Published: July 2024

The paper deals with the boundaries of legal and illegal use of a video game as a complex object when streaming a video game. The author proposes to reconsider the trend towards broad legal protection of copyright holders in the context of a global information and digital society. The article presents an amended doctrine of fair use in order to establish the fact of fair and unfair use of a video game by a streamer, which will allow determining in the stream whether there are grounds for recognizing it as a case of free use, that is, recognizing the stream as fair or unfair. Thus, the use of this modified doctrine will allow the establishment and application of the institute of fair use for video game streaming. The paper also suggests a procedure for resolving disputes between the copyright holder and the streamer.
Criminal Law Mechanisms for Ensuring the Safety of the Older Adults
Authors: Biryukov I. I.
Published: July 2024

The paper analyzes the current state and features of the implementation of the mechanism for ensuring the safety of the older adults by the means of criminal law. The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical provisions aimed at improving the institution of criminal law protection of the rights of the older adults. The paper draws attention to the causes of the public danger of crimes against this social group, as well as the problems of legislative consolidation and practical implementation of this institution at the present stage. Methodologically, the study is based on the dialectical method of cognition, as well as a set of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, induction, abstraction), private scientific (statistical) and special legal (formal legal, method of interpretation of legal norms, historical and legal) methods. The author concludes that the level of public danger of crimes committed against the older adults cannot be determined unambiguously due to the individual characteristics of the victims. Qualifying a criminal act against an older adult person is considered fair in connection with the indication of the signs of «helpless» or «defenseless» state, which determines that there is no need to change the criminal law. Taking into account the ambiguity of judicial practice, the author defines criteria that contribute to the substantiation of the presented features in order to differentiate criminal liability for crimes against vulnerable elderly people.
Positive and Negative Obligations for Human Rights Protection: Classification Issues
Authors: Borodina E. A.
Published: July 2024

The concepts of «positive obligations» and «negative obligations» have come into usage in interstate bodies for the protection of human rights. An analysis of international documents shows that a number of obligations contain features of both positive and negative obligations. The classification, which is based on the distinction between state non-intervention and its taking measures, has a number of shortcomings, which are pointed out by researchers who propose their own, more complex types of classification of obligations based on other criteria. The study revealed a number of contradictions between the classifications and interpretation of the content of obligations by treaty bodies, which explains the inappropriateness of using these classifications as a tool to provide guidance to states in choosing the most effective ways to fulfill their obligations under international human rights treaties. Based on a systematic and comparative legal analysis of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, as well as related acts of treaty bodies, the author concludes that obligations to protect human rights may have mixed ( or complex) nature.
Single Window Search System for Libraries using VuFind
Authors: Mandal Sukumar , Saha Sujan
Published: July 2024

The main objective of this study is to develop methods for enhancing the search capabilities of library collections by integrating various technological elements. Implementing this functional enhancement will provide users access to modern services and resources. The single-window search mechanism is created and built on the VuFind open-source discovery tool. The common access window has been created after properly configuring ILS-OPAC Koha, CONTENTdm, Digital Commons, DSpace, EPrints, Fedora, Greenstone, Omeka, and OPUS. It is based on LAMP architecture and uses Apache Solr, Tomcat, and Apache Tika to create indexes for easy document search through VuFind. This study suggests a new way to easily search and collect data from different domain-specific cluster tools using a single interface. This domain-specific framework provides an ideal environment for libraries to develop large-scale library discovery services. The originality of this paper lies in creating a prototype integrated framework to facilitate the easy installation and configuration of VuFind for integrating domain-specific software in both ILS and IDR.
Study of Variations of Citation-based Parameters for Selected Indian Science Journals
Authors: Dutta Bidyarthi
Published: July 2024

The ratio of the total number of citations to the total number of cited papers was predicted as a constant by Garfield. But, later he observed the changing nature of this constant over time. Scientometricians called it the ‘Garfield Ratio’ rather than the ‘Garfield Constant’. ‘Garfield Ratio’ is a well-known citation-based parameter that indicates the average citation per cited article. However, Garfield still pointed out that behind this ratio some deeper regularity may be found. In this paper, an analysis of this indicator, the Garfield Ratio (GR)Y is attempted for twelve prominent Indian science journals from 2009 to 2020. Two other formulae for Garfield Ratio are introduced here, i.e. Modified Garfield Ratio for the year ‘Y’ (GRM)Y and Time-Normalised Garfield Ratio for the year ‘Y’ (GRN)Y. The year-wise analysis of these two Garfield Ratios, i.e., (GRM)Y and (GRN)Y for the twelve journals over twelve years is also carried out. The temporal variations of (GR)Y, (GRM)Y and (GRN)Y are interpreted by seven statistical parameters, i.e. mean, median, standard deviation, range, coefficient of variation, skewness and kurtosis. The temporal variations of (GR)Y for twelve journals are viewed by regression analysis to find out the best-fit function.
Development of an Android App for the College Library: A Case Study
Authors: Niranjana K. , Punith H. G.
Published: July 2024

This paper explains the development of an Android application for a library. Nowadays, everyone owns a smartphone, a precious tool for accessing resources. The primary purpose of this Android app is to enable consumers to access information at their fingertips. The paper explains constructing a library Android app using Android App Inventor 2. The prerequisites and processes for developing a library app are also briefly explained. This software allows users to access library and college websites, as well as the OPAC, question papers, syllabus, E-Notes, N-LIST, and other resources. It increases the number of visitors to the library while saving consumers time and energy.
A Bayesian Merging of Earthquake Magnitudes Determined by Multiple Seismic Networks
Authors: Si Zhengya , Zhuang Jiancang , Gentili Stefania , Jiang Changsheng , Wang Weitao
Published: July 2024

We introduce a Bayesian algorithm designed to integrate earthquake magnitudes of the same type reported by various seismic networks, aiming to create unified and standardized catalogs suitable for widespread use. The fundamental concept underpinning this algorithm is the utilization of the inherent consistency within each individual network’s magnitude determination process. Assuming that the magnitudes for an earthquake measured by all networks conform to a Gaussian distribution, with a linear function of the unknown true magnitude serving as its mean, we derive the posterior probability distribution of the true magnitude under four different assumptions for the prior distribution: the uninformative uniform distribution, the unbounded Gutenberg–Richter (GR) magnitude–frequency law, the GR magnitude–frequency relationship restricted by the detection rate, and the truncated GR law as priors. We assess the robustness of the method by a test on several synthetic catalogs and then use it to merge the catalogs compiled by five seismic networks in Italy. The results demonstrate that our proposed magnitude-merging algorithm effectively combines the catalogs, resulting in robust and unified data sets that are suitable for seismic hazard assessment and seismicity analysis.
Comercialización de alimentos: un análisis sistemático a través de la revisión de la literatura del periodo 2010-2023
Authors: Víquez Ramírez Nicole Valeria , Solís Rivera Luis Ricardo , Solórzano Thompson Johanna , Paniagua Molina Javier
Published: July 2024

Este artículo estudia el tema de la comercialización de los alimentos (CA) mediante una revisión sistemática de literatura bajo un enfoque bibliométrico durante el periodo de enero 2010 a septiembre 2023. Se utilizó la base de datos Scopus y el software VOS Viewer y se complementó con el análisis descriptivo de la información en Microsoft Excel para obtener un total de 414 artículos, dando señales de su fragmentación a partir de su publicación en 198 revistas científicas. Mediante esta metodología se identificaron cinco tópicos principales en relación con los clusters, los cuales fueron analizados a través de mapas de concurrencia. Las temáticas principales relacionadas a cada clúster fueron (1) nutrición infantil, (2) consumo de alimentos en la mercadotecnia, (3) preferencia alimentaria según género y etapa de vida, (4) industria de alimentos dirigida a niños, (5) comercialización de alimentos, (6) alimentación en la salud y economía y (7) Europa. Se evidenció señales de alta fragmentación en la producción de artículos científicos en la temática de comercialización de los alimentos.
Medios audiovisuales públicos ante el ecosistema de las plataformas: modelos de gestión y evaluación del valor público de referencia para España
Authors: Túñez-López José Miguel , Campos-Freire Franscisco
Published: July 2024

Este proyecto de investigación nacional tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis exhaustivo de los servicios audiovisuales públicos en Europa, con un enfoque centrado en el concepto de valor público. A través de diversas investigaciones asociadas al proyecto, se busca identificar las tendencias actuales de los medios de comunicación públicos europeos, explorando fenómenos mediáticos y avances innovadores en tecnología y contenidos que afectan a estos medios. Mediante la producción científica, que incluye artículos de investigación, capítulos de libros, edición de libros, ponencias en congresos y diversos encuentros científicos, este proyecto ha podido mostrar resultados relacionados con la comprensión del valor público en los servicios audiovisuales públicos en Europa y en España.
CLX-155: A Novel, Oral 5-FU Prodrug Displaying Antitumor Activity in Human Colon Cancer Xenograft Model in Nude Mice
Authors: Boyette Natasha , Dalton Ava , Tak Yearam , Kang Sophie , Apparsundaram Subbu , Kandula Mahesh , York John
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Capecitabine is an oral prodrug of 5-FU, which interpatient pharmacokinetic (PK) variability related to liver function and severe adverse events (e.g., hand-foot syndrome, myelosuppression, and neurotoxicity) limits. CLX-155 is a novel oral 5’-DFCR prodrug involving 5’-DFCR as an intermediate for generating 5-FU, unlike capecitabine, which the liver does not metabolize. This study addresses the following research question: what is the activity of CLX-155 in a human colon cancer xenograft model in nude mice? Methods: This study involved 50 Foxn1 athymic nude female mice implanted with the human colon cancer cell line HCT116 (5 million cells per site). Investigators randomized animals into five treatment groups (N = 10): vehicle control, CLX-155 at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day, or capecitabine 1000 mg/kg/day. Animals received oral treatment once daily for five days a week with two days off for a total of three consecutive weeks. Investigators evaluated treatment toxicity based on body weight loss. Calculations for tumor growth inhibition involved comparing changes in tumor volume on a given day to tumor volumes on Day 1. Results: CLX-155 demonstrated statistically significant, dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition at all doses compared to vehicle control (p<0.0001). Tumor growth inhibition at Day 15 for CLX-155 treatment groups of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day was 57.8%, 70.4%, and 90.6% respectively. Two animals in the CLX-155 500 mg/kg/day treatment group experienced complete tumor regression, and all animals in the CLX-155 treatment groups survived. Two animals in the CLX-155 250 and 500 mg/kg/day dosing groups experienced a decrease in body weight. In contrast, two mice in the capecitabine group exhibited clinical signs of hunchback and scaly skin, progressive weight loss, and eventual death. Conclusion: CLX-155 demonstrated comparable tumor growth inhibition to capecitabine but at a lower dose, suggesting increased potency. In addition, CLX-155 exhibited improved tolerability and fewer adverse effects. These promising results support further investigation in Phase 1 clinical trials for managing colon cancer.
Faculty Members’ Perspectives on E-learning Use during COVID-19 among Teaching Faculty at KSAU-HS, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Turkistani Jihan , Agha Sajida , Khan Muhammad
Published: July 2024

Introduction/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic's significant effects could alter education in the future. There was an unexpected but necessary transition to online education. This study aimed to examine faculty members' perspectives regarding e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as their level of preparedness for e-learning, considering the epidemic's complete lockdown. Methods: The study utilized a survey research (cross-sectional) design. The sample size was calculated to be a minimum of 106 faculty members. A validated electronic questionnaire was communicated to faculty members of four colleges at KSAU-HS, Jeddah. Its primary components addressed e-learning preparation, e-learning experience before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, and demographic data. Results: A total of 112 faculty members, with a response rate of 25%, completed the survey. Females made up 50.9% of the sample, and about 30% were between 36-40 years of age with different academic rankings and teaching experiences. Faculty members revealed that more than half of them were novices with no prior experience in e-learning before the epidemic. Nonetheless, faculty members' perspectives of e-learning were favorable, and they significantly improved after COVID-19 (91.9%) compared to before COVID-19 (45.9%). Most participants were enthusiastic (82.3%) about and confident in using e-learning in teaching and learning. Yet, e-learning was only partially used as a substitute for hands-on skill training and assessment. Regarding the impact of the transition to online education during the pandemic, 87.5% of the participants in the survey expressed increased confidence in the efficacy of online learning and teaching. Additionally, the teaching/learning preference of the participants showed that (61.6%) preferred combining online with traditional face-to-face instruction, (35.7%) preferred traditional face-to-face instruction, and only 3 (2.7%) preferred online instruction alone. Conclusion: This study delivers informative viewpoints on the importance of e-learning and the teaching staff's willingness and competence with it. It calls for improving our institution's e-learning readiness and participation by addressing several individual and infrastructure issues. This is an excellent chance to remove obstacles in e-learning and teaching in medical and healthcare colleges.
Photoreception and phototransduction in human skin
Authors: Smith David
Published: July 2024

Light allows us to see. Seeing begins with photoreceptors in the retina where light is absorbed, converted into an electrical response and transmitted to the brain. Photoreception is highly conserved, and in animals, almost exclusively based on a single class of proteins, the opsins. Image-forming information goes to the lateral geniculate nucleus and eventual processing into visual images, sight. What may not be immediately apparent is the transmission of non-image information. However, cells in the skin contain the full set of opsins and their phototransduction cascades which are active, cover the whole solar spectrum and appear to participate in the skin’s protective mechanisms. This is obviously related to collection of non-image information. Why is this system of photoreception and transmission duplicated in the skin and what is its function?
Biology of the Opioid Growth Factor – Opioid Growth Factor Receptor Axis: Bench to Bedside and Back
Authors: Zagon Ian , McLaughlin Patricia
Published: July 2024

The Opioid Growth Factor – Opioid Growth Factor Receptor axis was identified nearly 30 years ago in our laboratory when we demonstrated that an endogenous opioid pentapeptide had inhibitory growth activity following injection into normal animals. In addition to validating this action for the peptide, identification, characterization and cloning of the specific receptor related to the opioid growth factor, chemically termed [Met5]-enkephalin, revealed that the receptor was unique in its biochemical and molecular structure, but had pharmacological properties similar to other opioid receptors. Mechanisms associated with binding of the opioid growth factor to its receptor located on the outer nuclear envelop and the transport into the nucleus were identified. The selectively of the peptide for the receptor was demonstrated in normal and cancer cell lines. This uniqueness of the peptide-receptor interaction was evidenced by the duration of receptor blockade in that intermittent blockade resulted in decreased cell replication and complete blockade resulted in accelerated proliferation. Investigations on the mechanism of action, as well as the dysregulation of the Opioid Growth Factor – Opioid Growth Factor Receptor axis in human pathology, have resulted in bench to bedside and bedside to bench discoveries. Receptor blockade by naltrexone has been used clinically for treatment of fatigue and other immune deficiencies in many autoimmune disorders. The research has gone from bench to bedside and has returned to the bench for additional investigation of mechanisms driving the action of the axis and resultant function following receptor blockade.
The impact of neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors on kidney cancer and bladder cancer surgeries: a systematic review
Authors: Naspolini Gabriel , Filho Nilson , Carvalhal Isabela , Ros Lucas , Centeno Andrei , Ros Carlos , Carvalhal Gustavo
Published: July 2024

Background: the neoadjuvant use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with kidney cancer and bladder cancer is controversial, and there are reports suggesting increased difficulties in surgeries in these settings. Aims: we performed a systematic review using PRISMA guidelines methodology to analyze pertinent literature available up to January 05, 2024 in PubMed, updating our previously published systematic review on the subject. Results: we have selected 25 publications for the neoadjuvant use of different immune checkpoint inhibitors before nephrectomies for kidney cancer and seven publications concerning the neoadjuvant use of immune checkpoint inhibitors before cystectomies for bladder cancer. Reports of additional surgical difficulties were noted in 6/25 reports for kidney cancer and 0/7 reports for bladder cancer. Conclusions: in the setting of neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors, a minority of cases of nephrectomies may be challenging due to inflammatory changes to the surrounding tissues, which may require more experienced surgeons. Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors do not seem to pose additional surgical difficulties in cystectomies for the treatment of bladder cancer.
Role of Indian Classical Music in Treating Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias
Authors: Chauhan Neelima , Kale Purva , Kale Mahesh
Published: July 2024

The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Alzheimer’s disease related dementias (ADRD) is on rise all around the globe with limited treatment options. Current symptomatic pharmacological treatments are modestly effective and are associated with adverse side effects. Therefore, there is an increased interest in validating non-pharmacological alternatives to treat AD/ADRD. One of such alternatives is music therapy which has recently picked up an upsurge not only in treating mental disorders but also other disparities. Many systematic reviews and meta-analyses using PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane database searches have revealed that music-based interventions successfully improved mood, depression, anxiety, verbal fluency, gait/motor abnormalities, autobiographic and episodic memory, and cognition, in neurological disorders including AD/ADRD and other dementias. In that regard, targeted effects of Indian Classical Music (Raga) are worth deciphering. In contrast to general emotional upliftment induced by other musical genres, Raga has an ability to evoke specific emotions based on its defined notational structure arranged in a specific ascending/descending order, and these effects are further magnified when the Raga is sung/performed at a designated time of the day based on its circadian specificity. Ragas containing the predominance of major notes are known to activate default mode network via induction of dopaminergic pathways and evoke cheerful/ happy emotions, causing mind-wandering and self-referential mental activity. On the other hand, the Raga becomes incrementally sentimental as the proportion of minor notes increase in a Raga structure. Ragas can affect brain activity, emotions, and autonomic functions. This review elucidates enhanced therapeutic potential of Indian Classical Music (Raga) as an advanced music therapy, that has an ability to exert Raga-specific health-effects in a circadian-specific manner. Raga therapy may be an effective disease-modifying treatment for treating AD and other dementias.
Intervening effects of progesterone combined with estradiol on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in ovariectomized mice and the underlying mechanisms
Authors: Yan Yuan , Liang Jing-jing , Hao Xu-jiang , Ma Yue , Li Hong-fang
Published: July 2024

Background: Estrogen and progesterone are closely related to the occurrence of diabetes, and the progestogenic and estrogenic effects in the development of diabetes are related to their blood levels and the organism state, and it is not clear what effect their combination will be. The present study was to investigate the interaction between estrogen and progesterone in the development of diabetes mellitus. Methods: A model of type 1 diabetes mellitus（T1DM）was established in ovariectomized (OVX) mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and the levels of plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, progesterone, and estradiol, the changes of islet cells, the expressions of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), Glucokinase (Gck), Glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-P) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PCK) were detected after chronically injected different doses of progesterone and 17β-estradiol subcutaneously for 4 weeks. Results: Progesterone and 17β-estradiol could delay the occurrence of T1DM induced by STZ in ovariectomized mice, but there was no dose-response relationship; progesterone (2mg/kg) and 17β-estradiol (0.1mg/kg) injected separately or jointly could make the plasma concentration of estradiol and progesterone reaches the physiological dose range, which markedly inhibited the increase of the blood glucose induced by STZ, improved the glucose tolerance, protected islet cells, promoted C-peptide and insulin secretion, up-regulated skeletal muscle GLUT4 and liver Gck expressions, but significantly down-regulated the expressions of liver PCK and G-6-P mRNA. Conclusions: The physiological dose of progesterone combined with estradiol has certain synergistic effects in delaying the occurrence of diabetes, the mechanisms are probably related to the protection of islet cells, the promotion of insulin release, skeletal muscle glucose transport, and liver glucose metabolism.
Curing the Cancer in Healthcare
Authors: Waldman Deane
Published: July 2024

Abstract Cancer occurs when an organ in the body or a part of a system goes rogue and grows without limit, eventually killing the host. Healthcare systems worldwide are critically ill with cancer. Patients are experiencing death-by-queue. Systems thinking exposes the cancer in healthcare, its mechanism of action, and how to cure it. Manifestations of healthcare cancer include shortages, especially of physicians; dollar inefficient, over-spending by most nations, particularly the U.S.; medical care itself unaffordable for most people; and accessibility to care so limited that people are dying waiting in line for care. Effects of malignancy in healthcare include flouting the law; taking away medical autonomy; asserting a right to health care that is incompatible with freedom; elimination of the fiduciary relationship; and imposition of medical tyranny. The cancer imposes its will on healthcare systems by controlling its financing and thereby controlling medical decision-making. The cure involves restoring decision-making authority – both financial and medical – to the patients, taking it away from the cancer. Details of this “cure” are discussed including impacts on patients, providers, and finances. Patient-controlled health care is the only way to achieve timely, compassionate, quality, affordable care to We the Patients.
HASHIMOTO THYROIDITIS IN PEDIATRICS: INSIGHTS INTO PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS, AND MANAGEMENT WITH CONSIDERATIONS OF CANCER RISK
Authors: Reyes Derick , Vicente Humberto , Julbe Jose , García José
Published: July 2024

This systematic review comprehensively examines the pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and cancer risk of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in pediatric populations. We searched the literature using PubMed, Web of Science, and critical medical journals, focusing on studies published within a specified timeframe. Inclusion criteria targeted studies on pediatric populations, while exclusion criteria filtered out irrelevant studies. Data extraction and synthesis highlighted key findings: genetic predispositions and environmental triggers such as selenium levels and gut microbiota alterations contribute to Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis pathogenesis. Diagnostic challenges arise from the often subtle and nonspecific clinical presentation, necessitating thorough clinical evaluations and diagnostic testing, including TSH, free T4, thyroid antibodies, and ultrasound. Management strategies involve levothyroxine therapy, dietary considerations, and lifestyle modifications tailored to individual patient needs. Additionally, the review discusses the controversial but significant potential association between Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and increased thyroid cancer risk, emphasizing the need for vigilant long-term monitoring. This synthesis provides critical insights to inform clinical practice and future research directions.
The Unusual Sequence of Lymphomatoid Papulosis Following Hodgkin's Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Jacob Linu , P Dayanand , Gupta Animesh , D Priya , Babu M C , K N Lokesh , Rudresha A H , L K Rajeev , Saldanha Smitha
Published: July 2024

Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a rare skin disease which is characterised by chronic, recurrent self-healing papulo-nodular skin lesions. It is classified under the group of primary cutaneousCD30+ve lymphoproliferative disorders. It is important to diagnose LyP as it is usually associated with other malignant lymhoproliferative disorders like mycosis fungoides, cutaneous or systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma. LyP associated malignancies may occur before, concurrent with or after the onset of LyP. In most of the cases previously described, Hodgkin's disease has developed after, or concurrently with, the onset of LyP. Here we report a case of LyP that developed 5 years after the onset and therapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Increase in Long-Term Care Residents with Serious Mental Illnesses Presents Challenges for Facilities and Staff: Case Reports
Authors: Pischel Alyssa , Tappen Ruth , Southard Karen
Published: July 2024

Background. The increase in the number of residents with severe mental illness and/or substance use disorder in long-term care facilities in the United States presents serious challenges to those seeking admission to these facilities, their staff, and facility administrators. Aims. Our purpose is to illustrate the situations for which long-term care facilities have been cited for failure to meet standards of care related to their residents' psychosocial well-being and behavioral expressions. Methods. Publicly available data was accessed from several U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) data centers. Data obtained included the percentage of facilities that received citations for seven F-tags (a federal coding system) most relevant to effectively addressing residents' psychosocial well-being and behavioral expression needs. Case reports related to each of the selected standards (F-tags) were identified and summarized, and data on the facility involved was obtained for each case report. Results. In the first half of fiscal year 2024, 25% of the long-term care facilities surveyed were cited for deficiencies related to protecting residents from abuse or neglect, and 19% were cited for failing to keep residents as free as possible from unnecessary psychotropic medication. The case studies illustrate the wide range of behavioral expressions that need to be addressed, from severe withdrawal and attempts to self-harm to sexual approaches to other residents to purposeful soiling of bed linens and aggression toward staff or other residents. In many instances, it was clear that facility staff did not know the requirements for an adequate response to the situation or how to respond effectively. Conclusions. The case studies and related data reveal multiple, often interacting, assessment and care challenges that many long-term care staff are not prepared to handle effectively. They demonstrate the adverse impacts of untreated negative behavioral expressions and consequently suggest that staff may be unprepared to manage these multifaceted conditions. Poorly resourced facilities need support to adequately respond to this ever-growing, complex mix of service needs, less than generous reimbursement structures, and resident demographics.
Is Induced Abortion Evidence-Based Medical Practice?
Authors: Studnicki James , Skop Ingrid
Published: July 2024

Leaders of medical schools and health professional associations in the United States have affirmed their commitment to induced abortion by persistently asserting that the procedure is evidence-based medical practice. There is an objective structured process by which the status of “evidence-based” is attained. It requires a detailed description and documentation of the patient’s disease, illness or condition; an explanation for how the treatment intervention ameliorates the problem; the outcomes by which the effectiveness of the treatment is measured; and the comparison of the treatment with other alternative interventions available. We provide historical context which indicates that staunch abortion advocate thought leaders considered the right to abortion on demand to be inconsistent with the concept of evidence-based practice. We summarize the research on the reasons why women choose abortion, and we review the questions, designs and findings available in the relevant Cochrane Library systematic reviews. Our conclusion is that the quality of abortion science in general is quite weak, that the data necessary for valid research is scarce, and that the claims of evidence-based induced abortion are unsupported by the existing body of published knowledge.
Addressing Misconceptions about the Physician Associate/Assistant Profession
Authors: Kilgore  , Colletti Thomas , Rolfs Jenna , Watkin Elyse , Welsh Jeremy , Jr Stephen , Munsell Debra , Rogers Blake , Somers Jay
Published: July 2024

The Physician Associate/Assistant profession has recently experienced attacks seeking to malign the extensive positive contributions made to patients and healthcare systems for over 50 years. The myopic view of some of these critics that only a physician is qualified to lead healthcare teams is not based on evidence in many cases but misconceptions about the training and experience of physician associates/assistants. In fact, when comparing a physician associate/assistant and a physician with the same number of hours of clinical experience, patient outcomes are similar. The purpose of this paper is to systematically analyze the statements being propagated and provide scientific data that categorically refutes these statements. Addressed are issues of education, clinical training, medical malpractice liability concerns, changing provider numbers, and expanding scopes of practice to meet healthcare needs worldwide.
Television, Animals, and History: The Early Years of the BBC
Authors: Mills Brett
Published: July 2024

Animals have been a part of television’s offerings since its inception. Yet animals are largely absent in television’s histories; indeed, animals are largely absent in most histories, with history itself a practice that reproduces anthropocentrism. But animal histories remain methodologically problematic, given the kinds of records usually understood as historical evidence are not those produced by non-humans. And recent attempts to widen television’s histories have adopted methods – such as oral histories – that inadvertently reinforce animal exclusion, given non-humans lack of access to human-centred notions of communication and speech. This paper begins rectifying this omission, through analysis of the BBC’s early output and the purposes to which animals were put during this period. It captures how animals were enmeshed within that early experimental broadcasting, when programme-makers were still conceptualising what television was for and what attractions it could offer its viewers. That animals were drawn on as part of this process indicates how non-humans are enmeshed in anthropocentric representational strategies: and that television histories have usually all but ignored animals indicates how history as a process functions to legitimise anthropocentrism.
Continuous Yet contentious: United Nations Agencies Roles and Mexico’s Adoption of Women’s Rights Protection Against Femicides (2018-2022)
Authors: Elvianti Witri , Satria Nanda
Published: July 2024

In Mexico, violence against women remains a serious issue, especially femicide, which has occurredfor decades. This paper aims to explore the UN’s agencies' contribution to promoting the protectionof human rights through collective action to address sexual and gender-based violence in Mexico. Itmainly asks how the UN’s agency attempted to sustain the international moral standard of women’srights in Mexico amidst the alarming femicide crisis in this country. This paper is designed asqualitative research by applying a descriptive approach and using data from academic literature,reports, official websites, and newspaper publications. The analysts seek to argue that internationalorganizations, the UN – through its agencies, the OHCHR, and UN Women – have demonstrated theirrole as a forum to accommodate Mexican civil society organizations to address the challenges in theiradvocacies towards the victims of sexual and gender-based violence in Mexico.
Creative Economy: Reviewing Global Political Narratives
Authors: Kusumaningrum Demeiati Nur
Published: July 2024

Indonesia, as the biggest Muslim country in 2019, promoted the creative economy as a crucial entity for achieving sustainable development, as adopted in UN Resolution No. 74/198. It demonstrates the acceptance of the creative economy as an international approach to the development strategy post-pandemic COVID-19. Considering the restructuring sustainable development framework that internalized the current issue of creative economy, this paper aims to discuss the conceptualization of creative economy as a global discourse. It used a narrative literature review by combining a bibliographic analysis process in order to explore a consistent, comprehensive, and in-depth understanding of existing knowledge on the subject of the creative economy. Data sources obtained from the internet consist of Scopus and Google Scholar journal articles. The official government and international organization websites are also used to confirm the research arguments. The study examines the conceptualization of creative economy, which refers to cultural economy, cultural industry, creative industry, and cultural policy. The diffusion of ideas played by multi-actors in a networked process led to the acceptance of the creative economy as a global discourse. The United Nations has a platform role in institutionalizing the ideas and beliefs about the creative economy as a significant entity for the global development agenda.
Indonesia’s Diplomacy as a Non-Permanent Member of The UN Security Council in Combating to Terrorism Crime 2019-2020
Authors: Rimapradesi Yulia , Aisyi Taqiyya Rohadatul , Khaerunnisa Ananda
Published: July 2024

The United Nations (UN) was formed to maintain world peace and security. The UN gives a mandate to its main body, called the Security Council (SC), to maintain peace and security stability, take necessary actions, and act as a mediator in all issues and conflicts that occur based on the provisions written in the UN Charter. As a member of the UN Security Council, Indonesia is fully committed to maintaining world peace regarding the UN mission. In carrying out its role, Indonesia refers to the free and active foreign policy, the 1945 Constitution, and the UN Charter. This research used qualitative methods to analyze the dynamics of Indonesia's membership in the Security Council in dealing with global issues. The results proved that Indonesia’s policies have tried to fight terrorism crimes through the UN Security Council membership. The mechanisms for conflict resolution put forward an approach to law enforcement, prevention, and the formation of UN Security Council resolutions related to terrorism crimes.
Janus of Yeŋiçeri: Analysis of The Ambivalence of Turkey's Foreign Policy Toward Israel
Authors: Pribadi Yusuf , Windiani Reni , Hanura Marten , Adnan Muhammad
Published: July 2024

This article aims to explain the ambivalence of Turkey's foreign policy towards Israel during President Erdoğan's leadership in 2014 – 2018. The problem that arises is: Why does Turkey implement a foreign policy that is ambivalent towards Israel? This article uses the theoretical basis of neoclassical realism and groupthink to solve the problem. The method used in this research is explanatory-qualitative with interviews. The findings in this research showed that the ambivalence in Turkish foreign policy towards Israel during President Erdoğan's leadership (2014 – 2018) was influenced by aspects of systemic international politics and local political dynamics as well as Neo-Ottoman views in the formulation of their national interests.
Halal Concept as an International Legal Model for Maintaining Environmental Sustainability: Case Study of Halal Street Food in the US
Authors: Amelia Nasywa Tsabita , Rabbani Rifdah Syifa , Susilowati Ida , Amalia Novi Rizka , Muis Afni Regita Cahyani
Published: July 2024

Culture is limited to art, customs, language, and food. Globalization makes it easier for this culture to spread across countries, including food. Likewise, the halal concept in the food industry continues to develop rapidly in the United States. This research aims to discover how the halal concept is closely related to the sustainability of life, involving SDG principles, so that the benefits are considered not to cause damage. The research method used this time is library research with a maqashid sharia concept approach. The author also used gastroeconomics to discuss the relationship between culinary delights and economic sustainability in the United States. The findings showed a relationship between the halal concept and international law, maqashid sharia and environmental sustainability, and the implementation of gastroeconomics in maqashid sharia as evidenced by street food in the United States. Halal street food is becoming increasingly important in the American culinary industry due to its good reception by the American public, support on social media, and adaptation to culinary trends.
Religious Moderation in the Presiden Joko Widodo Administration: Tools for Religious Harmony or Politics?
Authors: Reza Izzul Fatchu
Published: July 2024

Religious moderation has always been promoted and socialized by the government to all elements of society, especially by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia since 2016. However, repression continues against a certain religion and group. This article discusses whether religious moderation is successful or not as an effective tool for strengthening interreligious tolerance and confusion in order to create a just and peaceful state in the era of the Joko Widodo administration. The research used content analysis methods from eleven online news media outlets with a historical case study approach. The results showed that the religious moderation under President Joko Widodo is contrary to the spirit of tolerance and anti-violence, which is the main principle of moderation. There is a considerable amount of persecution, violence, and disobedience directed towards individuals or groups that associate with Islamists or apply Islamic rules to themselves or their groups due to the top-down approach of implementation design, lack of human resources, and lack of monitoring of religious moderation indicators. Furthermore, there is a call for religious moderation to be exercised in a more balanced and impartial manner towards certain groups while at the same time being more restrictive towards certain other groups.
Democracy and Authoritarianism in Egypt Today
Authors: Ziegenhain Patrick , Enkhtaivan Khaliunaa
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we analyze the political system of Egypt under President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi between 2016 and 2024. The article aims to reveal whether there are still some democratic elements or if the country has rather a classical authoritarian system. To answer this question, we used relevant democracy criteria as analytical tools. Methodologically, we conducted this study through a literature review and an expert interview with an Egyptian political scientist. Based on the findings on vertical accountability, political rights, civil liberties, and horizontal accountability, Egypt has quite an authoritarian regime with few democratic elements.
Tofacitinib: A paradigm shift in rheumatoid arthritis management
Authors: Ashok Janakapriya , Ramanujam Ashok
Published: July 2024

Tofacitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, represents a significant advancement in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory disorder. This manuscript provides an in-depth review of the efficacy, safety, and clinical application of tofacitinib in RA management. Through a comprehensive analysis of clinical trials, real-world studies, and comparative assessments with other RA therapies, we aim to elucidate the role of tofacitinib in improving patient outcomes. The review highlights the mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, safety profile, and practical considerations for incorporating tofacitinib into RA treatment regimens.