bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reference object processing in on-the-fly garbage collection
Authors: Ugawa Tomoharu , Jones Richard E. , Ritson Carl G.
Published: May 2015

Most proposals for on-the-fly garbage collection ignore the question of Java's weak and other reference types. However, we show that reference types are heavily used in DaCapo benchmarks. Of the few collectors that do address this issue, most block mutators, either globally or individually, while processing reference types. We introduce a new framework for processing reference types on-the-fly in Jikes RVM. Our framework supports both insertion and deletion write barriers. We have model checked our algorithm and incorporated it in our new implementation of the Sapphire on-the-fly collector. Using a deletion barrier, we process references while mutators are running in less than three times the time that previous approaches take while mutators are halted; our overall execution times are no worse, and often better.
Parallel real-time garbage collection of multiple heaps in reconfigurable hardware
Authors: Bacon David F. , Cheng Perry , Shukla Sunil
Published: May 2015

Despite rapid increases in memory capacity, reconfigurable hardware is still programmed in a very low-level manner, generally without any dynamic allocation at all. This limits productivity especially as the larger chips encourage more and more complex designs to be attempted.

Prior work has shown that it is possible to implement a real-time collector in hardware and achieve stall-free operation --- but at the price of severe restrictions on object layouts. We present the first hardware garbage collector capable of collecting multiple inter-connected heaps, thereby allowing a rich set of object types.

We show that for a modest additional cost in logic and memory, we can support multiple heaps at a clock frequency competitive with monolithic, fixed-layout heaps. We evaluate the hardware design by synthesizing it for a Xilinx FPGA and using co-simulation to measure the run-time behavior over a set of four benchmarks. Even at high allocation and mutation rates the collector is able to sustain stall-free (100% minimum mutator utilization) operation with up to 4 inter-connected heaps, while only requiring between 1.1 and 1.7 times the maximum live memory of the application.
Law and Politics in Transitional Justice
Authors: Vinjamuri Leslie , Snyder Jack
Published: May 2015

The tension between law and politics places transitional justice under cross-pressures. The impetus to hold perpetrators legally accountable for atrocities and major rights violations has emerged in part from the expectation that subjecting political behavior to the apolitical judgment of law will exert a civilizing effect. As demands for accountability have risen, politics has played a central role at every step. The past decade has seen a flourishing of research in empirical political science on the relationship between law and politics in postconflict and postauthoritarian justice. This research has tried to explain the turn to individual legal accountability and the development of norms and institutions for accountability. Research has stressed the role of politics in shaping the implementation of trials and other modes of accountability. It has also examined the consequences of these modes of accountability. We address research on each of these topics.
Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Therapy for Acute Synthetic Cannabinoid Intoxication: Clinical Experience in Four Cases
Authors: Aksel Gökhan , Güneysel Özlem , Taşyürek Tanju , Kozan Ergül , Çevik Şebnem Eren
Published: May 2015

There is no specific antidote for intoxication with synthetic cannabinoids. In this case series, we considered the efficiency of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy in four cases, who presented to emergency department with synthetic cannabinoid (bonzai) intoxication. The first patient had a GCS of 3 and a left bundle branch block on electrocardiography. The electrocardiography revealed sinus rhythm with normal QRS width after the treatment. The second patient had bradycardia, hypotension, and a GCS of 14. After intravenous lipid emulsion therapy, the bradycardia resolved, and the patient’s GCS improved to 15. The third patient presented with a GCS of 8, and had hypotension and bradycardia. After the treatment, not only did the bradycardia resolve, but also the GCS improved to 15. The fourth patient, whose electrocardiography revealed accelerated junctional rhythm, had a GCS of 13. The patient’s rhythm was sinus after the treatment. Cardiovascular recovery was seen in all four cases, and neurological recovery was also seen in three of them. Based on the fact that intravenous lipid emulsion is beneficial in patients intoxicated with lipophilic drugs, unstable patients presenting to the emergency department with acute synthetic cannabinoid intoxication may be candidates for intravenous lipid emulsion treatment.
Doppler Ambiguity Resolution Based on Random Sparse Probing Pulses
Authors: Zhang Yunjian , Deng Zhenmiao , Shi Jianghong , Ye Linmei , Fu Maozhong , Zhao Chen
Published: May 2015

A novel method for solving Doppler ambiguous problem based on compressed sensing (CS) theory is proposed in this paper. A pulse train with the random and sparse transmitting time is transmitted. The received signals after matched filtering can be viewed as randomly sparse sampling from the traditional fixed-pulse repetition frequency (PRF) echo signals. The whole target echo could be reconstructed via CS recovery algorithms. Through refining the sensing matrix, which is equivalent to increase the sampling frequency of target characteristic, the Doppler unambiguous range is enlarged. In particular, Complex Approximate Message Passing (CAMP) algorithm is developed to estimate the unambiguity Doppler frequency. Cramer-Rao lower bound expressions are derived for the frequency. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, compared with traditional methods, the proposed method only requires transmitting a few sparse probing pulses to achieve a larger Doppler frequency unambiguous range and can also reduce the consumption of the radar time resources.
Thermomechanical Fractional Model of Two Immiscible TEMHD
Authors: Hamza F. , Abd El-Latief A. M. , Khatan W.
Published: May 2015

We introduce a mathematical model of unsteady thermoelectric MHD flow and heat transfer of two immiscible fractional second-grade fluids, with thermal fractional parametersαiand mechanical fractional parametersβi,i=1,2. The Laplace transform with respect to time is used to obtain the solution in the transformed domain. The inversion of Laplace transform is obtained by using numerical method based on a Fourier-series expansion. The numerical results for temperature, velocity, and the stress distributions are represented graphically for different values ofαiandβi. The graphs describe the fractional thermomechanical parameters effect on the case of two immiscible fluids and the case of a single fluid.
Rescue Therapy with a Proton Pump Inhibitor Plus Amoxicillin and Rifabutin forHelicobacter pyloriInfection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Xiaoqun , Wang Hui , Lv Zhifa , Wang Youhua , Wang Ben , Xie Yong , Zhou Xiaojiang , Lv Nonghua
Published: May 2015

Background. To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials for eradication ofHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori) that included a treatment arm with a proton pump inhibitor, rifabutin, and amoxicillin.Materials and Methods. We selected clinical trials that examined the efficacy ofH. pylorieradication therapies and included a study arm using the test regimen from major medical literature databases and abstracts from major gastroenterology meetings. We also did subgroup and sensitivity analyses.Results. Twenty-one studies were included in systematic review. The total eradication rates of the test regimen were 70.4% by intent-to-treat (ITT) and 72.0% by per-protocol (PP) analyses. The pooled odds ratio (OR) was 0.55 using fixed effects model (P=0.283) for the test regimen versus other triple regimens. The total eradication rates were 68.4% for the test regimen and 81.9% in the control group by ITT, while the OR was 1.08 using random effects model (P=0.019). The pooled eradication rate was 66.4% for the test regimen and 67.4% for the control group by ITT. The total adverse effects incidence were 25.1% for the test regimen.Conclusions. The test regimen forH. pylorirescue therapy may be not superior to control regimens in efficacy.
Determinants and Outcomes of Emergency Caesarean Section following Failed Instrumental Delivery: 5-Year Observational Review at a Tertiary Referral Centre in London
Authors: McDonnell Sian , Chandraharan Edwin
Published: May 2015

Objectives. To review the determinants for a failed operative vaginal delivery and to examine associated fetal and maternal morbidity.Design. Retrospective observational study.Setting. Large London Teaching Hospital.Method. A retrospective review of case notes during a 5-year period was carried out.Results. Overall 119 women (0.44%) out of 26,856 births had a caesarean section following a failed instrumental delivery, which comprised 5.1% of all operative vaginal births. 73% had a spontaneous onset of labour and 63% required syntocinon at some time prior to delivery. 71.5% of deliveries were complicated by malposition. Only 20% of deliveries were attended by a consultant obstetrician. Almost 50% of women and 8.4% of neonates sustained trauma at the time of either their failed instrumental delivery or the caesarean section.Conclusions. Emergency caesarean section during the second stage of labour is associated with maternal and fetal complications. A ‘failed instrumental delivery score’ (FIDS) may aid practitioners in predicting an increased likelihood of a failed operative vaginal birth and therefore to consider a trial of operative vaginal delivery in the theatre. Senior input should also be sought because a failed operative vaginal birth is associated with increased maternal and fetal morbidity.
Cardiac H2S Generation Is Reduced in Ageing Diabetic Mice
Authors: Jin Sheng , Pu Shi-Xin , Hou Cui-Lan , Ma Fen-Fen , Li Na , Li Xing-Hui , Tan Bo , Tao Bei-Bei , Wang Ming-Jie , Zhu Yi-Chun
Published: May 2015

Aims. To examine whether hydrogen sulfide (H2S) generation changed in ageing diabetic mouse hearts.Results. Compared to mice that were fed tap water only, mice that were fed 30% fructose solution for 15 months exhibited typical characteristics of a severe diabetic phenotype with cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction. H2S levels in plasma, heart tissues, and urine were significantly reduced in these mice as compared to those in controls. The expression of the H2S-generating enzymes, cystathionineγ-lyase and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, was significantly decreased in the hearts of fructose-fed mice, whereas cystathionine-β-synthase levels were significantly increased.Conclusion. Our results suggest that this ageing diabetic mouse model developed diabetic cardiomyopathy and that H2S levels were reduced in the diabetic heart due to alterations in three H2S-producing enzymes, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Interaction of Hydrogen Sulfide with Oxygen Sensing under Hypoxia
Authors: Wu Bo , Teng Huajian , Zhang Li , Li Hong , Li Jing , Wang Lina , Li Hongzhu
Published: May 2015

Based on the discovery of endogenous H2S production, many in depth studies show this gasotransmitter with a variety of physiological and pathological functions. Three enzymes, cystathionineβ-synthase (CBS), cystathionineγ-lyase (CSE), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST), are involved in enzymatic production of H2S. Emerging evidence has elucidated an important protective role of H2S in hypoxic conditions in many mammalian systems. However, the mechanisms by which H2S senses and responses to hypoxia are largely elusive. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) function as key regulators of oxygen sensing, activating target genes expression under hypoxia. Recent studies have shown that exogenous H2S regulates HIF action in different patterns. The activation of carotid bodies is a sensitive and prompt response to hypoxia, rapidly enhancing general O2supply. H2S has been identified as an excitatory mediator of hypoxic sensing in the carotid bodies. This paper presents a brief review of the roles of these two pathways which contribute to hypoxic sensing of H2S.
Transcriptome Analysis of the Carmine Spider Mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Boisduval, 1867) (Acari: Tetranychidae), and Its Response toβ-Sitosterol
Authors: Bu Chunya , Li Jinling , Wang Xiao-Qin , Shi Guanglu , Peng Bo , Han Jingyu , Gao Pin , Wang Younian
Published: May 2015

Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Acari: Tetranychidae) is a worldwide polyphagous agricultural pest that has the title of resistance champion among arthropods. We reported previously the identification of the acaricidal compoundβ-sitosterol fromMentha piperitaandInula japonica. However, the acaricidal mechanism ofβ-sitosterol is unclear. Due to the limited genetic research carried out, wede novoassembled the transcriptome ofT. cinnabarinususing Illumina sequencing and conducted a differential expression analysis of control andβ-sitosterol-treated mites. In total, we obtained >5.4 G high-quality bases for each sample with unprecedented sequencing depth and assembled them into 22,941 unigenes. We identified 617 xenobiotic metabolism-related genes involved in detoxification, binding, and transporting of xenobiotics. A highly expanded xenobiotic metabolic system was found in mites.T. cinnabarinusdetoxification genes—including carboxyl/cholinesterase and ABC transporter class C—were upregulated afterβ-sitosterol treatment. Defense-related proteins, such as Toll-like receptor, legumain, and serine proteases, were also activated. Furthermore, other important genes—such as the chloride channel protein, cytochromeb, carboxypeptidase, peritrophic membrane chitin binding protein, and calphostin—may also play important roles in mites’ response toβ-sitosterol. Our results demonstrate that high-throughput-omics tool facilitates identification of xenobiotic metabolism-related genes and illustration of the acaricidal mechanisms ofβ-sitosterol.
Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking in Pellucid Marginal Degeneration: 2 Patients, 4 Eyes
Authors: Bayraktar Serife , Cebeci Zafer , Oray Merih , Alparslan Nilufer
Published: May 2015

Purpose. To report the long-term results of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A irradiation in 4 eyes of 2 patients affected by pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD).Methods. This study involved the retrospective analysis of 4 eyes of 2 patients with PMD that underwent CXL treatment. Of the eyes, three had only CXL treatment and one had CXL treatment after an intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation. We have pre- and postoperatively evaluated uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), corneal topography (Pentacam), specular microscopy, and pachymetry.Results. Patient 1 was a woman, aged 35, and Patient 2 was a man, aged 33. The right eye of Patient 1 showed an improvement in her BCDVA, from 16/40 to 18/20 in 15 months, and her left eye improved from 12/20 to 18/20 in 20 months. Patient 2’s right eye showed an improvement in his BCDVA, from 18/20 to 20/20 in 43 months, and his left eye improved from 16/20 to 18/20 in 22 months. No complications were recorded during or after the treatment.Conclusion. CXL is a safe tool for the management of PMD, and it can help to stop the progression of this disease.
Night Sweats as a Prominent Symptom of a Patient Presenting with Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Feher Attila , Muhsin Saif A. , Maw Anna M.
Published: May 2015

Pulmonary embolism is a common, potentially fatal disease. Making the correct diagnosis early can significantly reduce mortality and morbidity. We report the first case of drenching night sweats as one of the presenting symptoms of submassive pulmonary embolism. One week after undergoing laparotomic sigmoidectomy for diverticulitis, our patient started to experience drenching night sweats and pleuritic back pain. CT identified bilateral main stem pulmonary artery emboli, and treatment was initiated with subcutaneous enoxaparin injections. Imaging and laboratory workup failed to reveal any other explanation for the night sweats. Patient was discharged on rivaroxaban, and he reported complete resolution of symptoms upon the 3-month follow-up visit and 9-month follow-up call. Based on our case we propose night sweats to be a potential presenting symptom of pulmonary embolism. Our observation can help make an earlier diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.
The Cardioprotective Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide in Heart Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Shen Yaqi , Shen Zhuqing , Luo Shanshan , Guo Wei , Zhu Yi Zhun
Published: May 2015

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is now recognized as a third gaseous mediator along with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), though it was originally considered as a malodorous and toxic gas. H2S is produced endogenously from cysteine by three enzymes in mammalian tissues. An increasing body of evidence suggests the involvement of H2S in different physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies have shown that H2S has the potential to protect the heart against myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, hypertrophy, fibrosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and heart failure. Some mechanisms, such as antioxidative action, preservation of mitochondrial function, reduction of apoptosis, anti-inflammatory responses, angiogenic actions, regulation of ion channel, and interaction with NO, could be responsible for the cardioprotective effect of H2S. Although several mechanisms have been identified, there is a need for further research to identify the specific molecular mechanism of cardioprotection in different cardiac diseases. Therefore, insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying H2S action in the heart may promote the understanding of pathophysiology of cardiac diseases and lead to new therapeutic targets based on modulation of H2S production.
Management of Recurrent Stricture Formation after Transverse Vaginal Septum Excision
Authors: Gupta Ridhima , Bozzay Joseph D. , Williams David L. , DePond Robert T. , Gantt Pickens A.
Published: May 2015

Background. A transverse vaginal septum (TVS) is a rare obstructing anomaly, caused due to improper fusion of Müllerian ducts and urogenital sinus during embryogenesis.Case. A 15-year-old girl presented with primary amenorrhea. She had multiple congenital anomalies. Initial examination and imaging investigation revealed the presence of a unicornuate uterus and a TVS. The TVS was excised; however the patient was unable to perform vaginal dilation postoperatively leading to recurrent stricture formation. She underwent multiple surgeries for excision of the stricture. The patient was eventually evaluated every day in the clinic until she was able to demonstrate successful vaginal dilatation in the presence of a clinician.Summary and Conclusion. Properly guided regular and intensive vaginal dilation after TVS excision may decrease the need of reoperations due to recurrent stricture formation.
Update on Head and Neck Cancer: Current Knowledge on Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Molecular Features and Novel Therapies
Authors: Pezzuto Francesca , Buonaguro Luigi , Caponigro Francesco , Ionna Franco , Starita Noemy , Annunziata Clorinda , Buonaguro Franco M. , Tornesello Maria Lina
Published: May 2015

Tobacco use and alcohol consumption are the main risk factors associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development due to their cytotoxic and mutagenic effects on the exposed epithelia of the upper aerodigestive tract. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs), both encoding viral oncoproteins able to interfere with cell cycle control, have been recognized as the etiological agents of nasopharynx carcinoma and a fraction of oropharyngeal carcinoma, respectively. Head and neck SCC is a deadly disease and despite innovative treatments represents a major challenge for patients. Recently, a number of genomic studies have highlighted the molecular heterogeneity of head and neck SCC based on methylation profiles, microRNA expression, mutated genes and new druggable pathways which may represent new targets for cancer-tailored therapies. To date, cetuximab is the only FDA-approved anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy for the treatment of head and neck SCC. In addition, a number of monoclonal antibodies targeting AKT, mTOR and PI3K pathways are under evaluation. Several therapeutic vaccines against HPV16 and EBV proteins are also under study. The purpose of this article is to review the epidemiology, pathogenesis and molecular features of head and neck SCC, with an emphasis on new therapies.
Acute One-Stop Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Differential Diagnosis in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Unobstructed Coronary Arteries
Authors: Chu Guang , Zhang Guobing , Zhu Ming , Zhang Zhi , Wu Ying , Zhang Hao
Published: May 2015

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the contributions of acute one-stop cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to the differential diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and unobstructed coronary arteries. Subjects and Methods: In this study, 32 consecutive patients who presented with ACS and unobstructed coronary arteries on angiography were enrolled between January 2010 and December 2012. Acute one-stop CMR, including cine, angiography, black-blood, first-pass perfusion and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging, was performed with a pre-specified algorithm which was decided on by the doctors for all patients. The intimal flap in the aorta and the filling defect in the pulmonary artery were detected on MR angiography imaging. Left ventricular wall motion and ventricular thickness were analyzed in cine-mode sequences. The LGE images were reviewed for the presence, anatomical distribution and extent of contrast enhancement. Results: The acute one-stop CMR study was completed in all the 32 patients without adverse events. The overall time duration was between 15 and 60 min. Of the 32 patients, a CMR diagnosis was made in 30 (93.8%). Aortic dissection was detected in 3 patients, pulmonary embolism in 2, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 2, acute myocardial infarction in 5, acute myocarditis in 16 and stress cardiomyopathy in 2. No confirmed diagnosis was established in the remaining 2 patients with normal CMR. Conclusion: Acute one-stop CMR allowed for the identification of an aetiology in most of the patients in this study. It may prove to be of immense help in establishing a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with acute chest pain, elevated troponin I and normal coronary arteries.
Mortality of Testicular Cancer in East and West Germany 20 Years after Reunification: A Gap Not Closed Yet
Authors: Stang Andreas , Bray Freddie , Dieckmann Klaus-Peter , Lortet-Tieulent Joannie , Rusner Carsten
Published: May 2015

Background: The decline of testicular cancer mortality in East Germany began in the 1980s, about 10 years later than that recorded in West Germany. We aimed at providing up-to-date time trends of testicular cancer mortality rates in Germany. Material and Methods: Mortality data from East Germany (1971-2010) and West Germany (1954-2010) were provided by the Federal Bureau of Statistics. We estimated age-specific and age-standardized mortality rates using the World Standard Population. Results: Despite the declining trend in the 2000s, the mortality rates of testicular cancer remained higher in East than in West Germany. These rates were 5.5 and 2.6 per million person-years in 2010, respectively. Age-specific mortality trends by period and birth cohort showed that the mortality decline was larger among younger (15-44 years) than elderly men. Conclusion: The mortality of testicular cancer is still higher in East than West Germany. Despite very similar densities of hospital beds, urologists and oncologist per million male population in both parts of Germany, we hypothesized that a paucity of centers of expertise for treating testicular cancers in the East could account for this particular pattern.
The Gut as a Source of Inflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Lau Wei Ling , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Vaziri Nosratola D.
Published: May 2015

Chronic inflammation is a non-traditional risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. In recent years, the gastrointestinal tract has emerged as a major instigator of systemic inflammation in CKD. Postmortem studies previously discovered gut wall inflammation throughout the digestive tract in chronic dialysis patients. In CKD animals, colon wall inflammation is associated with breakdown of the epithelial tight junction barrier (‘leaky gut') and translocation of bacterial DNA and endotoxin into the bloodstream. Gut bacterial DNA and endotoxin have also been detected in the serum from CKD and dialysis patients, whereby endotoxin levels increase with the CKD stage and correlate with the severity of systemic inflammation in the dialysis population. The CKD diet that is low in plant fiber and symbiotic organisms (in adherence with low potassium, low phosphorus intake) can alter the normal gut microbiome, leading to overgrowth of bacteria that produce uremic toxins such as cresyl and indoxyl molecules. The translocation of these toxins from the ‘leaky gut' into the bloodstream further promotes systemic inflammation, adverse cardiovascular outcomes and CKD progression. Data are lacking on optimal fiber and yogurt consumption in CKD that would favor growth of a more symbiotic microbiome while avoiding potassium and phosphorus overload. Prebiotic and probiotic formulations have shown promise in small clinical trials, in terms of lowering serum levels of uremic toxins and improving quality of life. The evidence points to a strong relationship between intestinal inflammation and adverse outcomes in CKD, and more trials investigating gut-targeted therapeutics are needed.
Lexical Preactivation in Basic Linguistic Phrases
Authors: Fruchter Joseph , Linzen Tal , Westerlund Masha , Marantz Alec
Published: May 2015

Many previous studies have shown that predictable words are read faster and lead to reduced neural activation, consistent with a model of reading in which words are activated in advance of being encountered. The nature of such preactivation, however, has typically been studied indirectly through its subsequent effect on word recognition. Here, we use magnetoencephalography to study the dynamics of prediction within serially presented adjective–noun phrases, beginning at the point at which the predictive information is first available to the reader. Using corpus transitional probability to estimate the predictability of a noun, we found an increase in activity in the left middle temporal gyrus in response to the presentation of highly predictive adjectives (i.e., adjectives that license a strong noun prediction). Moreover, we found that adjective predictivity and expected noun frequency interacted, such that the response to the highly predictive adjectives (e.g., stainless) was modulated by the frequency of the expected noun (steel). These results likely reflect preactivation of nouns in highly predictive contexts. The fact that the preactivation process was modulated by the frequency of the predicted item is argued to provide support for a frequency-sensitive lexicon.
A Common Polymorphism in SCN2A Predicts General Cognitive Ability through Effects on PFC Physiology
Authors: Scult Matthew A. , Trampush Joey W. , Zheng Fengyu , Conley Emily Drabant , Lencz Todd , Malhotra Anil K. , Dickinson Dwight , Weinberger Daniel R. , Hariri Ahmad R.
Published: May 2015

Here we provide novel convergent evidence across three independent cohorts of healthy adults (n = 531), demonstrating that a common polymorphism in the gene encoding the α2 subunit of neuronal voltage-gated type II sodium channels (SCN2A) predicts human general cognitive ability or “g.” Using meta-analysis, we demonstrate that the minor T allele of a common polymorphism (rs10174400) in SCN2A is associated with significantly higher “g” independent of gender and age. We further demonstrate using resting-state fMRI data from our discovery cohort (n = 236) that this genetic advantage may be mediated by increased capacity for information processing between the dorsolateral PFC and dorsal ACC, which support higher cognitive functions. Collectively, these findings fill a gap in our understanding of the genetics of general cognitive ability and highlight a specific neural mechanism through which a common polymorphism shapes interindividual variation in “g.”
“The One Raised in Ornament?” Gendering Issues in the Qurʾan
Authors: al-Khawaldeh Samira
Published: May 2015

This paper presents a hermeneutic re-reading of the Qurʾanic Verses 43: 15–19 in the Chapter of Ornament (Surah al-Zukhruf), aiming to excavate the original interrogative nature of the Qurʾanic approach to woman’s positioning, and to expose the accumulative narratives that collapse the ontological into the cultural, reflecting negatively on the community. The paper argues against the assumption that the verses’ telos is to describe and prescribe; evidencing instead their critical and reproving tone.

The tripartite methodology followed comprises a morphological analysis; a historical investigation that uncovers the regressive stance of authoritative exegetical texts; and a comparative overture, juxtaposing the Qurʾanic pronouncements with parallel modern concepts, revealing that the problems confronting women are of a persistent nature. Ultimately, the paper questions the authenticity of the self-image engrained in the consciousness of a majority of Muslim women and based on inherited parochialisms rather than rigorous application of critical thinking.
The Centre of the Universe: Shaykh Nazim and His Murids in Lefke, Cyprus
Authors: Stjernholm Simon
Published: May 2015

This article presents and analyses the environment around Shaykh Muhammad Nazim Adil al-Haqqani (1922-2014) in Lefke, Cyprus. The Shaykh was leader of a branch of the Naqshbandiyya between 1973 and 2014. His murids have viewed their visits to the Shaykh’s home as spiritual highlights. Some have moved there permanently. Based on ethnographic material collected during four visits to Lefke between 2008 and 2014, as well as material distributed online by Shaykh Nazim’s murids, this article discusses developments affecting the Shaykh and his murids in Lefke. Topics discussed include the Shaykh’s decreasing physical condition, the narratives of individual visitors, and visits by prominent international guests, as well as the Shaykh’s death and its immediate aftermath, including the contested issue of leadership in the tariqa. The article concludes with a reflection on Sufi saintly authority in the contemporary world.
Early Years of British Administration in Cyprus
Authors: Bouleti Eleni
Published: May 2015

The transition of the Ottoman Muslim community of Cyprus from the status of a religious community—and even more so the ruling community of the island—to that of a national community presents a peculiar case, since that process evolved without any direct effect by Turkish nationalism. After the Cyprus Convention in 1878, the administration of the island was all British and was organized on a strict colonial basis.

Since nationalism was formed in Cyprus along communal lines, an attempt is made to trace the contribution of the colonial regime to their formation. More specifically an effort is made to present communal attempts to redefine traditional religious institutions in order to neutralize the British colonial control over them. In that context religion through its institutions assumed a secular and nationalistic scope.
Colloquium 1 Commentary on Ionescu
Authors: McCoy Marina
Published: May 2015

The commentary on Ionescu’s presentation agrees with her main claim that pleasure is developed dialectically, and then departs from her ideas at two points. First, I argue that there are still good reasons to say that pleasure belongs in the class of the unlimited, and ordinary experiences of pleasure bear out this claim. Second, Ionescu’s interpretation makes the Philebus’s concept of a “false pleasure” difficult to understand. I suggest further consideration of whether the difference between the mixed and unlimited is better located in different objects or in different experiences of pleasure.
‘It is that Loving Gaze’
Authors: Ideström Jonas
Published: May 2015

The aim of this article is to study ecclesiological themes and patterns in material from a structured group conversation in a rural parish in Church of Sweden. The conversation was conducted in relation to a Gospel narrative and the content is analysed in search for expressive ecclesiologies. The concept expressive ecclesiologies is defined in dialogue with Geir Afdal’s model for research on social practices. The analysis shows how the expressive ecclesiologies in the group conversation give a nuanced and rather thick understanding of the purpose and identity of the church in the local context.
Cultivating a Vision of the Unseen?
Authors: Norheim Bård Eirik Hallesby
Published: May 2015

This article investigates what kind of vision should be cultivated when studying the church, as the church is the place where the un-knowable, and un-seeable is made known. By drawing upon hermeneutical questions evolving from ecclesiological fieldwork, and recent contributions to the epistemological framework of ecclesiological research (among others Hegstad and McGrath), the article makes a case for developing an ‘apophatic mode’ in ecclesiological research. Utilizing Martin Luther’s epistemological framework in De Servo Aribitrio the article argues that such ecclesiological research, should be understood as a struggle, a tentatio. This struggle is not something external to the being of the church, understood as participation in God, but is actually a mark of the church itself. Fundamentally, ecclesiological reflection as cultivation of theological vision is the cultivation of a dialectic struggle, as the church, the mother of faith, in eschatological perspective is both re(ve)al(ed) and hidden under the cross.
Lactarius subgenus Russularia (Russulaceae) in South-East Asia: 3. new diversity in Thailand and Vietnam
Authors: Wisitrassameewong Komsit , NUYTINCK JORINDE , LE HUYEN THANH , DE CROP ESKE , HAMPE FELIX , HYDE KEVIN D , VERBEKEN ANNEMIEKE
Published: May 2015

Lactarius subgenus Russularia is a dominant group of milkcaps in Southeast Asia. This paper reveals the large diversity   of the subgenus, with eight new species and one known species being described from montane evergreen and coniferous forests. All new species are supported by both morphological and molecular data, the latter using Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis based on the ITS region. Complete macro- and micro-morphological descriptions and illustrations are given. A key to the new taxa is provided. Lactarius chichuensis is reported for the first time from Thailand.
A new species of Thalictrum (Ranunculaceae) from southern Tibet (Xizang), China
Authors: Li Jin-Yu , Xie Lei , Li Liang-Qian
Published: May 2015

The new species Thalictrum austrotibeticum (Ranunculaceae) from southern Tibet (Xizang), China, is here described and illustrated. It occurs in forest margin and grassy slopes of several valleys of southern Xizang along the central Himalayas. This species is morphologically well differentiated from other Thalictrum species from south-west China, Bhutan, Nepal, and Northern India. From its floral characters, this species shows some relationship with Th. finetii. A key of Thalictrum species distributed in southern Xizang and adjacent areas of Bhutan, Nepal, and India is also provided.
New substitute name for the genus Mistaria Medler, 1988 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae)
Authors: YANG WEI-CHENG , CHEN XIANG-SHENG
Published: May 2015

The African planthopper species Flata crassivenosa Karsch, 1890 was described by Karsch (1890) from Congo. Later, Melichar (1901) placed this species in the genus Walkeria Melichar, 1901 together with Flata radiata Distant, 1892 however, that name appeared to be preoccupied and Kirkaldy (1906) proposed for it a new replacement name Eumelicharia Kirkaldy, 1906 and designated Flata radiata as the type species. Medler (1988) in his paper on Flatidae from Taï Forest (Côte d’Ivoire) established a new genus Mistaria Medler, 1988 with Flata crassivenosa Karsch, 1890 as its type species and proposed that the new genus can be separated from Eumelicharia by its development of a strong uniform network of crossveins. However, the genus name Mistaria is preoccupied and was initially introduced by Lehtinen (1967) for a spider Agelena leucopyga Pavesi, 1883 (Arachnida: Araneae: Agelenidae), as the type species, from East Africa. Thus, the genus Mistaria Medler, 1988 is a junior homonym of the genus Mistaria Lehtinen, 1967. According to Article 60 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999), we propose the new replacement name Neomistaria nom. nov. for Mistaria Medler, 1988. The resulting nomenclatural changes are summarized below.
Pizacris: a new genus and two new species of Luzarinae cricket close to Guabamima de Mello, 1992 and Mellopsis Mews & Sperber, 2010 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Luzarinae)
Authors: SOUZA-DIAS PEDRO G. B. , DESUTTER-GRANDCOLAS Laure , PEREIRA MARCELO RIBEIRO
Published: May 2015

Here we describe a new genus and two new species of Luzarinae crickets (Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro States (Brazil). We describe Pizacris Souza-Dias & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen., transfer the species Mellopsis zefai Mews & Sperber, 2010 to P. zefai (Mews & Sperber, 2010) n. comb., redescribe this species based in topotypes and, since the type series is lost, designate a neotype. We also describe the second species of this genus, P. carioca Desutter-Grandcolas & Souza-Dias n. gen., n. sp. The new genus is characterized by the dark brown uniform coloration with strikingly white joints 4 and 5 of maxillary palpi, reduced FWs, without stridulatory file and, mainly, the absence of the pseudepiphallic arms in male phallic complex. We provide a brief discussion about the morphology of male genitalia in Pizacris Souza-Dias & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen. and related genera, Guabamima de Mello, 1992 and Mellopsis Mews & Sperber, 2010. We also provide an identification key for these genera and notes about the reproductive behavior of P. zefai (Mews & Sperber, 2010) n. comb.
Vansoestia caribensis gen. nov., sp. nov.: first report of the family Ianthellidae (Verongida, Demospongiae) in the Caribbean
Authors: DÍAZ MARIA C. , THACKER ROBERT W. , REDMOND NIAMH E. , PEREZ THIERRY , COLLINS ALLEN G.
Published: May 2015

A thin fiber-less sponge from Caribbean reefs (Bocas del Toro, Panama) with close genetic affinities (based on 18S and 28S nuclear ribosomal RNA gene sequences) to large fan-shaped fiber-bearing sponges (Ianthella and Anomoianthella) from the Indo-Pacific Ocean is here presented. We describe its overall external morphology, histological features, and ultrastructure. Its genetic distance from the only previously known fiber-less verongid genus, Hexadella, prompted the need to erect a new genus to classify this species. This novel species constitutes the first record for a member of the family Ianthellidae in the Caribbean. The characterization of the family Ianthellidae (sensu Cook and Bergquist, 2000) is here modified by: i) highlighting the cavernous nature of the choanosome, with many lacunae and channels reported for all genera included in the family; ii) extending the family distribution to the Caribbean; and iii) adding a fourth genus to the group of verongids with eurypylous chambers. The possession of a cellularized cortex (10–300 µm in thickness) is here proposed as a potential synapomorphic character of the Ianthella–Anomoianthella–Vansoestia clade. The main issues regarding the suprageneric classification of verongids are discussed.
What Type of Resistance? How Apocalyptic Discourse Functions as Social Discourse in Mark’s Gospel
Authors: Shively Elizabeth E.
Published: May 2015

Several scholars analyze the social dimensions of Mark’s apocalyptic discourse through socio-political or postcolonial models to identify Mark as resistance literature. Alternatively, this study uses literary analysis and metaphor theory to argue that Mark employs apocalyptic discourse for theological reasons with political implications. After evaluating representative socio-political and postcolonial interpretations and establishing the concept of apocalyptic discourse in light of the narrative’s theological and political aims, this study does two things: (1) it explains the function of Mark’s apocalyptic topoi to redeﬁne the social concept of the family in order to explore the formation of the community that follows Jesus, and (2) it analyzes Mk 8.27–10.45 to demonstrate how apocalyptic discourse functions as social discourse in shaping that community’s identity and practice. The primary function of Mark’s apocalyptic discourse is not to combat alienation from the dominant cultural community, but from Jesus’ community as a result of misunderstanding and unbelief.
The Influence of Cultural Factors on HIV/AIDS Education in Ivorian Schools
Authors: Ado Gustave , Mensah Felicia Moore
Published: May 2015

This qualitative study focuses on culturally embedded beliefs about the teaching and learning of HIV/AIDS topics in the Ivory Coast. We aim to analyze and describe factors influencing the implementation of the HIV/AIDS curricula in Ivorian sixth-grade classrooms. With continuous spreading of AIDS in the Ivory Coast, education about HIV/AIDS has to increase; therefore, an urgent need to document, evaluate, and disseminate Ivorian perspectives on what is understood as valuable HIV/AIDS knowledge to prioritize such content in the curriculum is needed. Multiple qualitative methods were collected: individual interviews with 39 teachers, 63 sixth-grade students, eight school administrators, 20 community elders as well as field notes, and document analysis. By promoting HIV/AIDS curricula that is responsive to and inclusive of youth cultural beliefs and aligning teaching practice to Ivorian youth cultural interests, there is a chance that HIV/AIDS education could lead to safer sexual behaviors among Ivorian youth.
In situ Raman spectroscopic studies of FeS2 pyrite up to 675 K and 2100 MPa using a hydrothermal diamond anvil cell
Authors: Yuan Xueyin , Zheng Haifei
Published: May 2015

Raman scattering experiments of natural FeS2 pyrite were performed at simultaneous high-pressure and high-temperature conditions up to 675 K and 2100 MPa using a hydrothermal diamond anvil cell combined with micro-Raman spectroscopy. Four out of five Raman active modes [Eg, Ag, Tg(1) and Tg(3)] were resolved at ambient conditions, the remaining Tg(2) [∼377 cm–1] mode was weak and unresolved occurring ∼2 cm–1 from the intense Ag [379 cm–1] mode. The frequency shifts of the Eg [343 cm–1] and Ag [379 cm–1] modes were determined to be quadratic functions of pressure and temperature: ν343 = 343.35 – 0.0178 × ΔT – 8.4E – 6 × (ΔT)2 + 0.00367 × Δp 3.7E–7 × (Δp)2 + 1.0E–6 × ΔT × Δp and ν379 = 379.35 – 0.0295 × ΔT – 9.0E–6 × (ΔT)2 + 0.00460 × Δp – 5.3E–7 × (Δp)2 + 7.0E–7 × ΔT × Δp. The positive pressure dependence of both modes indicates stress-induced contraction of S–S and Fe–S bonds, whereas the negative temperature dependence shows temperature-induced expansion of them. The Raman spectra of pyrite were used to derive its bulk modulus at high temperatures, thermal expansion coefficient at high pressures and anharmonic parameters at high-pressure and high-temperature conditions.
‘Clinobarylite’–barylite: order-disorder relationships and nomenclature
Authors: Merlino Stefano , Biagioni Cristian , Bonaccorsi Elena , Chukanov Nikita V. , Pekov Igor V. , Krivovichev Sergey V. , Yakovenchuk Viktor N. , Armbruster Thomas
Published: May 2015

'Clinobarylite', BaBe2Si2O7, was defined as a monoclinic dimorph of orthorhombic barylite. Subsequently, its crystal structure was also proved to be orthorhombic, differing from barylite in terms of the space group symmetry,Pmn21instead ofPmnb, and in unit-cell dimensions. Through the order-disorder (OD) theory, the polytypic relationships between 'clinobarylite' and barylite are described. 'Clinobarylite' corresponds to the MDO1polytype, with unit-cell parametersa= 11.650,b= 4.922,c= 4.674 Å, space groupPmn21; barylite corresponds to the MDO2polytype, witha= 11.67,b= 9.82,c= 4.69 Å, space groupPmnb. The re-examination of the holotype specimen of 'clinobarylite' confirmed its orthorhombic symmetry. Its crystal structure has been refined starting from the atomic coordinates calculated for the MDO1polytype and the refinement converged to R1= 0.0144 for 929 observed reflections [Fo> 4σFo]. Owing to their polytypic relationships, 'clinobarylite' and barylite should be conveniently indicated as barylite-1Oand barylite-2O, respectively; the name 'clinobarylite' should be discontinued. This new nomenclature of the barylite polytypes has been approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA 13-E).
Structural intergrowth of merlinoite/phillipsite and its temperature-dependent dehydration behaviour: a single-crystal X-ray study
Authors: Danisi Rosa Micaela , Armbruster Thomas , Nagashima Mariko
Published: May 2015

Supposed 'merlinoite' crystals from Monte Somma, Vesuvius (Italy) and Fosso Attici, north of Rome (Italy) represent highly twinned coherent intergrowths between merlinoite and phillipsite on a submicroscopic level. The MER (Immm, a ≈ 14.1, b ≈ 14.2, c ≈ 9.9 Å) and PHI (P 21/m, a ≈ 9.9, b ≈ 14.3, c ≈ 8.7 Å, β = 124.8°) frameworks of similar composition are assembled from identical tetrahedral units, though with a different connectivity. Coherent intergrowth and twinning of the two frameworks lead to P42/mnm pseudosymmetry, which is diagnostic of the intergrowth. Under ambient conditions merlinoite has Immm symmetry or I4/mmm if twinned. a low-symmetry model of space group P121/m1 (a ≈ 14.2, b ≈ 14.2, c ≈ 10 Å, β = 90°) allows structure refinement and quantification of the two frameworks.

Upon in situ dehydration to 250°C the evolution of the unit-cell volume of the Monte Somma merlinoite/phillipsite intergrowth displays an intermediate trend between previously studied pure merlinoite from the Khibiny massif (Russia) and Ba-rich phillipsite.

The Monte Somma crystal studied by temperature-dependent single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods also contained a subordinate chabazite inclusion with no coherent structural relationship to the merlinoite/phillipsite framework. Thus, the modification of the chabazite framework on dehydration could also be studied.