bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanofiltration Membranes for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions: Preparations and Applications
Authors: Mahmoud Alaa El Din , Mostafa Esraa
Published: September 2023

Water shortages are one of the problems caused by global industrialization, with most wastewater discharged without proper treatment, leading to contamination and limited clean water supply. Therefore, it is important to identify alternative water sources because many concerns are directed toward sustainable water treatment processes. Nanofiltration membrane technology is a membrane integrated with nanoscale particle size and is a superior technique for heavy metal removal in the treatment of polluted water. The fabrication of nanofiltration membranes involves phase inversion and interfacial polymerization. This review provides a comprehensive outline of how nanoparticles can effectively enhance the fabrication, separation potential, and efficiency of NF membranes. Nanoparticles take the form of nanofillers, nanoembedded membranes, and nanocomposites to give multiple approaches to the enhancement of the NF membrane’s performance. This could significantly improve selectivity, fouling resistance, water flux, porosity, roughness, and rejection. Nanofillers can form nanoembedded membranes and thin films through various processes such as in situ polymerization, layer-by-layer assembly, blending, coating, and embedding. We discussed the operational conditions, such as pH, temperature, concentration of the feed solution, and pressure. The mitigation strategies for fouling resistance are also highlighted. Recent developments in commercial nanofiltration membranes have also been highlighted.
The Long-Term Effect of Maternal Iron Levels in the Second Trimester on Mild Thinness among Preschoolers: The Modifying Effect of Small for Gestational Age
Authors: Wang Kai-Wen , Ling Zheng-Jia , Yuan Zhi , Zhang Jin , Yi Song-Jia , Xiong Yong-Wei , Chang Wei , Lin Zhi-Jing , Zhu Hua-Long , Yang Lan , Wang Hua
Published: September 2023

The supplementation of multiple micronutrients throughout pregnancy can reduce the risk of adverse birth outcomes and various diseases in children. However, the long-term effect of maternal multiple micronutrient levels in the second trimester on the overall development of preschoolers remains unknown. Therefore, 1017 singleton mother–infant pairs and 6-year-old preschoolers were recruited based on the China-Wuxi Birth Cohort Study. Meanwhile, information on the demographic characteristics of pregnant women and preschoolers, maternal copper, calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc levels in whole blood during the second trimester, and neonatal outcomes, were collected. We aimed to investigate the long-term impact of maternal copper, calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc levels in the second trimester on mild thinness among 6-year-old preschoolers, and the modifying effect of small for gestational age (SGA), within the Chinese population. Multiple logistic regression models revealed that high-level maternal iron in the second trimester reduced the risk of mild thinness [adjusted OR: 0.46 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.80)] among 6-year-old preschoolers. However, no significant association was found for the remaining four maternal essential metal elements. Additionally, the restricted cubic spline function showed that the risk of mild thinness decreased when maternal iron concentration exceeded 7.47 mmol/L in whole blood during the second trimester. Furthermore, subgroup analysis indicated that the long-term protective effect of high-level maternal iron on mild thinness was only observed in SGA infants. Summarily, high-level maternal iron in the second trimester distinctly lowers the risk of mild thinness among 6-year-old preschoolers, especially in preschoolers with birth outcomes of SGA. Our findings offer evidence for the implementation of iron supplementation in the second trimester as a preventive measure against mild thinness in children.
Design and Implementation of a Non-Common-View Axis Alignment System for Airborne Laser Communication
Authors: Ke Chenghu , Shu Yuting , Ke Xizheng , Han Meimiao , Chen Ruidong
Published: September 2023

This paper proposes a non-common-view axis alignment method for the alignment requirements of airborne laser communication systems. The system consists of a ground transmitting end and an airborne relay terminal. The ground transmitting end uses a camera and a pan-tilt for image tracking, while the airborne relay end uses a two-dimensional mirror to control the beam to achieve non-common-view axis alignment between the transmitting and receiving sides. The working principle and process of both the transmitter and receiver of the non-common-view axis alignment system for airborne laser communication were compared with traditional wireless optical alignment methods. The design process of the two-dimensional mirror used in this paper is introduced, the scanning trajectory of the two-dimensional mirror is simulated and analyzed according to the beam scanning principle, and the field experiment link is set up to carry out the airborne laser communication experiment. The experimental results show that when the link distance is 10 m, the tracking errors of the system in the azimuth and pitch directions are 19.02 µrad and 22.35 µrad respectively, and the amplitude of the electrical signal output by the signal detector is 84.0 mV; When the link distance is 20 m, the tracking errors of the system in the azimuth and pitch directions are 39.66 µrad and 33.94 µrad respectively, and the amplitude of the electrical signal output by the signal detector is 23.0 mV. Using this method, the alignment can be completed without data return, and the establishment of the reverse link can also be realized while the transmission link is quickly established, and there is no need for an air stability platform. The feasibility of the application of the non-common-view axis alignment method to the airborne laser communication system is verified.
Redox Performance and Optimization of the Chemical Composition of Lanthanum–Strontium–Manganese-Based Perovskite Oxide for Two-Step Thermochemical CO2 Splitting
Authors: Sawaguri Hiroki , Yasuhara Daichi , Gokon Nobuyuki
Published: September 2023

The effects of substitution at the A- and B sites on the redox performance of a series of lanthanum–strontium–manganese (LSM)-based perovskite oxides (Z = Ni, Co, and Mg) were studied for application in a two-step thermochemical CO2 splitting cycle to produce liquid fuel from synthesis gas using concentrated solar radiation as the proposed energy source and CO2 recovered from the atmosphere as the prospective chemical source. The redox reactivity, stoichiometry of oxygen/CO production, and optimum chemical composition of Ni-, Co-, and Mg-substituted LSM perovskites were investigated to enhance oxygen/CO productivity. Furthermore, the long-term thermal stabilities and thermochemical repeatabilities of the oxides were evaluated and compared with previous data. The valence changes in the constituent ionic species of the perovskite oxides were studied and evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for each step of the thermochemical cycle. From the perspectives of high redox reactivity, stoichiometric oxygen/CO production, and thermally stable repeatability in long-term thermochemical cycling, Ni0.20-, Co0.35-, and Mg0.125-substituted La0.7Sr0.3Mn perovskite oxides are the most promising materials among the LSM perovskite oxides for two-step thermochemical CO2 splitting, showing CO productivities of 387–533 μmol/g and time-averaged CO productivities of 12.9–18.0 μmol/(min·g) compared with those of LSM perovskites reported in the literature.
The Adhesion Strength of Semi-Clathrate Hydrate to Different Solid Surfaces
Authors: Xu Zhen , Zheng Lei , Dong Zhen , Liu Aixian , Wang Yiwei , Sun Qiang , Chen Jianyi , Guo Xuqiang
Published: September 2023

The adhesion between a hydrate and a pipe wall is the main cause of hydrate deposition and blockage. In this study, the adhesion strength of semi-clathrate hydrate (tetrabutylammonium bromide hydrate) to four kinds of solid surfaces (E235B carbon steel, E355CC low alloy steel, SUS304 stainless steel, and polytetrafluoroethylene) was measured. This investigation reveals that the adhesion strength of the hydrate to a solid surface is negatively correlated with the wettability of the solid surface, which suggests that hydrophobic materials effectively reduced the hydrate adhesion to the pipe wall. The surface roughness showed different effects on the adhesion of the hydrate to hydrophilic or hydrophobic surfaces. To be specific, when the surface roughness increased from 3.2 µm to 12.5 µm, the hydrate adhesion strength to the hydrophilic surface of SUS304 increased by 123.6%, whereas the hydrate adhesion strength to the hydrophobic surface of polytetrafluoroethylene only increased by 21.5%. This study shows that low wettability and low surface roughness effectively reduce the critical rate required to remove hydrate deposition, which achieves the self-removal of hydrates. At the same time, it was found that the adhesion strength of the hydrate to surfaces increases with increasing subcooling. This investigation holds significant theoretical implications for designing self-cleaning surfaces for oil and gas pipes.
Mas(c/k) of a Man: Masculinity and Jesus in Performance
Authors: Wines Megan
Published: September 2023

While both narrative and performance criticisms take whole-story approaches to the texts they are engaging with, performance critical approaches are uniquely suited to considerations of the body, and particularly of gender. Alongside the growth in performance critical analyses of the gospels that place prominence on the embodied, performed dimension of the texts, when thinking about gender it becomes critical to examine the ways in which masculinity is constructed in and through performance, particularly in the ancient Greek and Roman worlds. This article is an examination of the masculinity of Jesus as it is presented in the Gospel of Mark, as it argues that the Gospel of Mark presents a seemingly “unmasculine” depiction of Jesus that performers (as well as later interpreters) would have had to make performance choices about in their own depictions of Jesus for a given performance event. While narrative approaches have more space to hold multiple interpretations in tension with one another, performances of the texts would have necessitated making singular choices that would impact an audience’s understanding of the text.
Spatiotemporal Variation and Quantitative Attribution of Carbon Storage Based on Multiple Satellite Data and a Coupled Model for Jinan City, China
Authors: Lu Lu , Xue Qiang , Zhang Xiaojing , Qin Changbo , Jia Lizhi
Published: September 2023

Rapidly predicting and revealing the spatiotemporal characteristics and driving factors of land-use changes in carbon storage within megacities under different scenarios is crucial to achieving sustainable development. In this study, Jinan City (JNC) is taken as the study area, and the Markov-FLUS-InVEST model is utilized to predict and analyze the spatiotemporal variation in carbon storage in 2030 under three scenarios, namely, the natural development scenario (S1), the ecological conservation scenario (S2), and the economic development scenario (S3). The drivers of carbon storage changes were identified using an optimal parameter-based geographic detection (OPGD) model. The findings indicate that (1) land use from 2010 to 2018 shows a trend of continuous expansion of construction land and reduction in arable land. (2) The main types of carbon pools were cropland, forest, and grassland, accounting for more than 96% of the total amount. Carbon storage showed a decreasing trend from 2010 to 2018, and the main type of carbon pool that decreased was cropland. The center of gravity of carbon storage increases and decreases was located in the southern Lixia District, and the center of gravity of increase and decrease moved to the southwest by 3057.48 m and 1478.57 m, respectively. (3) From 2018 to 2030, the reductions in carbon stocks were 3.20 × 106 t (S1), 2.60 × 106 t (S2), and 4.26 × 106 t (S3), and the carbon release was about 9 times (S1), 4 times (S2), and 10 times (S3) that of the carbon sink. (4) The contribution of slope (A2) ∩ nighttime light index (B6) and elevation (A1) ∩ nighttime light index (B6) to the regional heterogeneity of carbon stocks was the largest among the interaction drivers. To sum up, this study deepens the simulation of spatial and temporal dynamics of carbon storage under land-use changes in megacities and the related driving mechanism, which can provide the basis for scientific decision-making for cities to conduct territorial spatial planning and ecological protection and restoration.
Detecting Geothermal Anomalies Using Multi-Temporal Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing Data in the Damxung–Yangbajain Basin, Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Li Xiao , Jiang Guangzheng , Tang Xiaoyin , Zuo Yinhui , Hu Shengbiao , Zhang Chao , Wang Yaqi , Wang Yibo , Zheng Libo
Published: September 2023

Geothermal energy is an eco-friendly, renewable source of underground thermal energy that exists in the interior of the earth. By tapping into these formations, fluids can be channeled to heat the rock formations above, resulting in a significantly higher land surface temperature (LST). However, LST readings are influenced by various factors such as sun radiation, cyclical variations, and precipitation, which can mask the temperature anomalies caused by geothermal heat. To address these issues and highlight the LST anomalies caused by geothermal heat, this paper proposes a methodology to efficiently and quickly calculate the multi-temporal LST leveraging of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) in the Damxung–Yangbajain basin, Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. This method incorporates terrain correction, altitude correction, and multi-temporal series comparison to extract thermal anomaly signals. The existing geothermal manifestations are used as a benchmark to further refine the methodology. The results indicate that the annual mean winter LST is a sensitive indicator of geothermal anomaly signals. The annual mean winter LST between 2015 and 2020 varied from −14.7 °C to 26.7 °C, with an average of 8.6 °C in the study area. After altitude correction and water body removal, the annual mean winter LST varied from −22.1 °C to 23.3 °C, with an average of 6.2 °C. When combining the distribution of faults with the results of the annual mean winter LST, this study delineated the geothermal potential areas that are located predominantly around the fault zone at the southern foot of the Nyainqentanglha Mountains. Geothermal potential areas exhibited a higher LST, ranging from 12.6 °C to 23.3 °C. These potential areas extend to the northeast, and the thermal anomaly range reaches as high as 19.6%. The geothermal potential area makes up 8.2% of the entire study area. The results demonstrate that the approach successfully identified parts of known geothermal fields and indicates sweet spots for future research. This study highlights that utilizing the multi-temporal winter LST is an efficient and cost-effective method for prospecting geothermal resources in plateau environments.
Editorial: Special Issue on Geographical Analysis and Modeling of Urban Heat Island Formation
Authors: Murayama Yuji , Wang Ruci
Published: September 2023

This Special Issue focuses on the data, methods, techniques, and empirical outcomes of urban heat island studies from a time and space perspective. We showcase research papers, empirical studies, conceptual or analytic reviews, and policy-related tasks to help achieve urban sustainability. We are interested in target methodologies and datasets capturing urban heat island phenomena, including novel techniques for urban heat island monitoring and forecasting with the integration of remote sensing and GIS, the spatial relationship between urban heat island intensity and land use/cover distribution in metropolitan areas, the geographical patterns and processes of urban heat island phenomena in large cities, spatial differences in urban heat island intensity between developing and developed countries, urban heat island disaster mitigation and adaptation for future urban sustainability, and prediction and scenario analysis of urban heat island formation for policy and planning purposes.
Comparative Analysis of the H2PT Ionosphere Model
Authors: Gajdowska Paulina , Świątek Anna , Tomasik Łukasz , Pożoga Mariusz
Published: September 2023

The ionosphere stands in the path of signals emitted by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites to receivers located on the Earth’s surface. Many factors affect the accuracy of satellite positioning, but error due to ionospheric refraction is the largest among them. For this reason, it is important to minimize the impact of ionospheric refraction, and ionospheric models are one of the methods used. As the intensity of the processes taking place in the ionosphere is variable because of solar activity, the influence on satellite observations is also not constant; it varies by location and time of day and year. Therefore, models focusing on the region of interest to users are especially useful in precise GNSS applications. In this research, the H2PT model covering the region of Europe was examined at a temporal resolution of 15 min and two spatial resolutions (latitude × longitude) of 1° × 1° and 5° × 5°. This study aimed to compare the H2PT model with the solution obtained from the International GNSS Service (IGS) in the context of vertical total electron content (VTEC). The H2PT values in high-latitude regions turned out to be overestimated compared to IGS VTEC maps, while, in low-latitude regions, the situation was the opposite. Although the differences between the analyzed maps were usually a few TECUs, it was observed that, during the course of a day, they could increase to several dozen TECUs. Furthermore, the data from selected days characterized by high or low activity of the ionosphere were subjected to a detailed analysis (in relation to quiet days, as well as to the median). The data available with a 15-min interval allowed the identification of short-term disturbances appearing in the ionosphere. The analyzed model, which is of a regional nature and has a relatively high resolution, allows improvement to be made to the quality of the determined ionospheric correction in GNSS positioning.
Accumulation and Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Long-Term Soil Irrigated with Treated Wastewater
Authors: Sethi Shrikanta Shankar , Ambade Balram , Mohammad Faruq , Al-Lohedan Hamad A. , Soleiman Ahmed A.
Published: September 2023

Our study focuses on examining the effects of treated wastewater irrigation (TWWI) on agricultural soils in water-scarce regions, with a specific emphasis on the presence and accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This issue is particularly significant due to its potential threats to environmental security. During our research, we discovered the existence of 16 different PAHs in these soils, which are known to have harmful impacts on ecosystems and human health. The concentration of total PAHs ranged from 163.9 ng g−1 to 9177.4 ng g−1, with 4- and 5-ring PAHs being the most dominant contributors. The PAHs Fluoranthene and Pyrene were found to be the most prevalent in all soil samples. Comparing the PAH concentrations in our research area to those reported in other studies, we observed that the agricultural areas in our study were more contaminated. Through positive matrix factorization (PMF) and diagnostic ratios (DRs) analyses, we identified petroleum combustion, vehicular emissions, as well as coal, grass, or wood combustion as the primary sources of PAH contamination. We also noted a negative correlation between clay, silt, pH, and PAH concentrations, while a significant positive relationship was observed between total organic carbon (TOC), sand, and PAHs. Based on the computed environmental risk index value, the presence of PAHs in the area poses a moderate to high level of ecological risk. TWWI was identified as the main contributor to PAHs in the agricultural soils we studied. Therefore, it is crucial to establish and enforce standards for wastewater reuse in agricultural fields before irrigation takes place.
Introducing an Innovative Design Approach for Drainage Systems: Facilitating Shallow Aquifer Recharge and Mitigating Flooding
Authors: Uyeno Marcio Takashi , Bairros Lucas Gabriel de Souza , Lukiantchuki Juliana Azoia , Okawa Cristhiane Michiko Passos , Lautenschlager Sandro Rogerio
Published: September 2023

Maringá, in southern Brazil, is undergoing a crisis with the alternation of dry and wet periods and floods caused by heavy rainfall along with the lack of infiltration of the stormwater. Due to a combination of these two opposite factors, the central lake of Ingá Park, which is an important urban park of the city, is suffering from water level reduction. This paper aims to verify if a sustainable drainage system design with infiltration wells can help recharge the surface aquifer. To this end, a stormwater drainage system simulation was conducted using SewerGEMS. Additionally, a calibrated shallow aquifer computational model was run in Visual Modflow Flex considering recharge wells to verify whether rainfall events impact the water levels of the surface aquifer. The results show that the sustainable intervention in a drainage system to increase stormwater infiltration has the potential to effectively recharge the shallow aquifers, while helping, at the same time, the drainage system, which is operating beyond design capacity, and the Ingá Park Lake. Thus, this study demonstrates that the sustainable design of drainage systems can help restore the springs inside the urban park. However, it is important to continuously monitor the wells’ heads and the hydrological variables. Also, for future studies, new models and simulations must be undertaken using the continuous monitoring data already available.
Measuring and Analyzing the Welfare Effects of Energy Poverty in Rural China Based on a Multi-Dimensional Energy Poverty Index
Authors: Xie Yuxiang , Xie E.
Published: September 2023

This paper aims to measure and analyze the extent and determinants of energy poverty in China and to examine the effects of electricity accessibility on rural development and welfare. It constructs a multi-dimensional energy poverty index based on five dimensions: household cooking fuel, lighting, household electrical appliance services, entertainment/education, and communication. Using the instrumental variable of the 2SLS method and the hierarchical logit model, this paper also explores the impact of electricity accessibility in rural areas on the multi-dimensional energy poverty index, rural expenditure and income, and individual health and education outcomes. The results indicate that the multi-dimensional energy poverty index has experienced a downward trend over the years, yet it remains higher in rural areas compared with urban areas and in central and western regions compared with eastern regions. Electricity accessibility has a notable effect on reducing multi-dimensional energy poverty and promoting rural development, but it varies by region and rural expenditure quantile. Unclean cooking energy in rural households markedly reduces individual educational levels and increases the probability of ill health. In conclusion, this paper suggests that improving electricity accessibility and promoting clean cooking energy are important policy measures for alleviating energy poverty and improving rural welfare in China.
Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Macrodomain-1 to Restore the Innate Immune Response Using In Silico Screening of Medicinal Compounds and Free Energy Calculation Approaches
Authors: Mohammad Anwar , Alshawaf Eman , Arefanian Hossein , Marafie Sulaiman K. , Khan Abbas , Wei Dong-Qing , Al-Mulla Fahd , Abubaker Jehad
Published: September 2023

Among the different drug targets of SARS-CoV-2, a multi-domain protein known as NSP3 is a critical element of the translational and replication machinery. The macrodomain-I, in particular, has been reported to have an essential role in the viral attack on the innate immune response. In this study, we explore natural medicinal compounds and identify potential inhibitors to target the SARS-CoV-2–NSP3 macrodomain-I. Computational modeling and simulation tools were utilized to investigate the structural-dynamic properties using triplicates of 100 ns MD simulations. In addition, the MM/GBSA method was used to calculate the total binding free energy of each inhibitor bound to macrodomain-I. Two significant hits were identified: 3,5,7,4′-tetrahydroxyflavanone 3′-(4-hydroxybenzoic acid) and 2-hydroxy-3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-benzoic acid. The structural-dynamic investigation of both compounds with macrodomain-I revealed stable dynamics and compact behavior. In addition, the total binding free energy for each complex demonstrated a robust binding affinity, of ΔG −61.98 ± 0.9 kcal/mol for Compound A, while for Compound B, the ΔG was −45.125 ± 2.8 kcal/mol, indicating the inhibitory potential of these compounds. In silico bioactivity and dissociation constant (KD) determination for both complexes further validated the inhibitory potency of each compound. In conclusion, the aforementioned natural products have the potential to inhibit NSP3, to directly rescue the host immune response. The current study provides the basis for novel drug development against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
Colorimetric RT-LAMP Detection of Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Lineages of Concern Direct from Nasopharyngeal Swab Samples without RNA Isolation
Authors: Werbajh Santiago , Larocca Luciana , Carrillo Carolina , Stolowicz Fabiana , Ogas Lorena , Pallotto Sergio , Cassará Solange , Mammana Liliana , Zapiola Inés , Bouzas María Belén , Vojnov Adrian A.
Published: September 2023

Since, during the Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, a large part of the human population has become infected, a rapid and simple diagnostic method has been necessary to detect its causative agent, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and control its spread. Thus, in the present study, we developed a colorimetric reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) kit that allows the detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal swab samples without the need for RNA extraction. The kit utilizes three sets of LAMP primers targeting two regions of ORF1ab and one region in the E gene. The results are based on the colorimetric change of hydroxynaphthol blue, which allows visual interpretation without needing an expensive instrument. The kit demonstrated sensitivity to detect between 50 and 100 copies of the viral genome per reaction. The kit was authorized by the National Administration of Drugs, Food and Technology (ANMAT) of Argentina after validation using samples previously analyzed by the gold standard RT-qPCR. The results showed a sensitivity of 90.6% and specificity of 100%, consistent with conventional RT-qPCR. In silico analysis confirmed the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.617.2, B.1.427, and B.1.429), and lineages of the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) with 100% homology. This rapid, simple, and sensitive RT-LAMP method paves the way for a large screening strategy to be carried out at locations lacking sophisticated instrumental and trained staff, as it particularly happens in regional hospitals and medical centers from rural areas.
Transforming healthcare documentation: harnessing the potential of AI to generate discharge summaries
Authors: Clough Reece Alexander James , Sparkes William Anthony , Clough Oliver Thomas , Sykes Joshua Thomas , Steventon Alexander Thomas , King Kate
Published: September 2023

Background

Hospital discharge summaries play an essential role in informing GPs of recent admissions to ensure excellent continuity of care and prevent adverse events; however, they are notoriously poorly written, time-consuming, and can result in delayed discharge.

Aim

To evaluate the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to produce high-quality discharge summaries equivalent to the level of a doctor who has completed the UK Foundation Programme.

Design & setting

Feasibility study using 25 mock patient vignettes.

Method

Twenty-five mock patient vignettes were written by the authors. Five junior doctors wrote discharge summaries from the case vignettes (five each). The same case vignettes were input into ChatGPT. In total, 50 discharge summaries were generated; 25 by Al and 25 by junior doctors. Quality and suitability were determined through both independent GP evaluators and adherence to a minimum dataset.

Results

Of the 25 AI-written discharge summaries 100% were deemed by GPs to be of an acceptable quality compared with 92% of the junior doctor summaries. They both showed a mean compliance of 97% with the minimum dataset. In addition, the ability of GPs to determine if the summary was written by ChatGPT was poor, with only a 60% accuracy of detection. Similarly, when run through an AI-detection tool all were recognised as being very unlikely to be written by AI.

Conclusion

AI has proven to produce discharge summaries of equivalent quality to a junior doctor who has completed the UK Foundation Programme; however, larger studies with real-world patient data with NHS-approved AI tools will need to be conducted.
Fatores associados à qualidade de vida de pessoas com Espinha Bífida
Authors: Lucio Maria Clara Fagundes , Sambe Angélica Yumi , Valenciano Paola Janeiro , Siqueira Emanuely Andreoli , Pellizzari Camila Costa de Araujo , Da Silva Joyce Karla Machado
Published: September 2023

Introdução. Espinha bífida é um distúrbio neurológico caracterizado pelo desenvolvimento incompleto do tubo neural, sendo a mielomeningocele seu tipo mais comum e grave, no qual possui fatores que impactam em seu estado de saúde, e consequentemente na qualidade de vida. Objetivo. Verificar e reunir fatores  que impactam na qualidade de vida de indivíduos com espinha bífida e os principais instrumentos de avaliação utilizados. Método. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, com buscas bibliográficas nas bases Science Direct, Lilacs, Pubmed, Cochrane e Scielo, no período de janeiro de 2022 e atualizada em dezembro de 2022. Resultados. Foram incluídos 12 estudos realizados entre 2005 a 2019. O instrumento de avaliação Child Health Questionnaire foi encontrado como o questionário mais utilizado entre os artigos. E os desfechos encontrados que mais impactam na qualidade de vida de indivíduos com espinha bífida foi a incontinência intestinal e urinária. Conclusão. Espinha bífida é uma condição complexa que leva a comprometimento de diferentes componentes do corpo, podendo levar a limitações em atividades e restrições na participação. A presença de incontinência urinária e fecal são os fatores que mostraram impactar de forma negativa a qualidade de vida nessa população, havendo necessidade de maior atenção em ações de educação e manejo. Além disso, definir um instrumento de avaliação e identificar os desfechos em saúde que impactam é essencial para o trabalho multidisciplinar e o tratamento.
Recent Developments of Photodeformable Polymers: From Materials to Applications
Authors: Kong Shuting , Wang Hailan , Ubba Eethamukkala , Xiao Yuxin , Yu Tao , Huang Wei
Published: September 2023

Photodeformable polymer materials have a far influence in the fields of flexibility and intelligence. The stimulation energy is converted into mechanical energy through molecular synergy. Among kinds of photodeformable polymer materials, liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) photodeformable materials have been a hot topic in recent years. Chromophores such as azobenzene, α-cyanostilbene, and 9,10-dithiopheneanthracene have been widely used in LCP, which are helpful for designing functional molecules to increase the penetration depth of light to change physical properties. Due to the various applications of photodeformable polymer materials, there are many excellent reports in intelligent field. In this review, we have systematized LCP containing azobenzene into 3 categories depending on the degree of crosslinking liquid crystalline elastomers, liquid crystalline networks, and linear LCPs. Other structural, typical polymer materials and their applications are discussed. Current issues faced and future directions to be developed for photodeformable polymer materials are also summarized.
Cost Minimization in the Use of Alacramyn vs. Birmex by Scorpion Sting Poisoning: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Almaraz Lira Josué Saúl , Chávez Haro Alfredo Luis
Published: September 2023

Introduction. The global incidence of scorpion sting is estimated at 1.5 million events. In 2010, Guanajuato reported an increase in the incidence of poisoning by scorpion sting of 28,973 cases and 43,913 cases in 2019. In Mexico, antidotes Alacramyn® and Birmex® are used to treat scorpin stings and have been evaluated in terms of costs, which have been $ 500.00 to $ 600.00. This document aimed to estimate the cost minimization in the use of Alacramyn® vs. Birmex® in poisonings by scorpion sting. Material and Methods. Data from Cruz Roja Mexicana, Delegación León, were analyzed from January 1st, 2016 to December 30th, 2019 according to the use of Alacramyn® (n= 5,390) and Birmex® (n = 4,039). Results. For the Birmex® group, a total of 13,356 vials were used at a cost of $ 2,430,925.56; for Alacramyn® a total of 10,170 vials, the cost being $ 1,834,842.81 (p = 0.001). Discussion. The clinical practice guidelines describe the number of vials to be administered concerning the degree of poisoning by scorpion sting; however, the use of Birmex® and Alacramyn® is different from the number of vials administered, which is not mentioned or described in the clinical practice guidelines. Conclusions. According to the data obtained in the present document, the cost per scorpion sting with the use of Alacramyn® was lower, which has a direct economic impact on the hospitals that provide such care.
SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia after Allogenic Stem Cell Transplantation Successfully Treated with JAK1/2 Inhibitor
Authors: Ovilla-Martínez Roberto , Ramírez-Muñiz Nishalle , Cuevas-Juárez Andric , Báez-Islas Pamela E.
Published: September 2023

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is one of the most immunosuppressive states in transplantation, mainly in the first year post-transplant. In the COVID-19 pandemic, this group of patients is at increased risk of mortality and morbidity due to a more vulnerable immune system. Even with the new vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, the availability to build a vaccine-induced immune response that could protect against the virus infection is unclear as the immune responses are blocked by the immunosuppressive drugs used in these patients (and according to some studies, in patients with hematological malignancy). Based on this background, effective therapies against COVID-19 in patients post-transplant are mandatory. Herein, we report the case of a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (after haploidentical bone marrow transplantation) who successfully responded to COVID-19 pneumonia with the JAK1/2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib.
Scaling-Up eConsult: Promising Strategies to Address Enabling Factors in Four Jurisdictions in Canada
Authors: Breton Mylaine , Lamoureux-Lamarche Catherine , Smithman Mélanie Ann , Keely Erin , Pilon Maxine Dumas , Singer Alexander , Farrell Gerard , Bush Paula Louise , Hudon Catherine , Cooper Lynn , Nabelsi Véronique , Côté-Boileau Élizabeth , Gagnon Justin , Gaboury Isabelle , Gray Carolyn Steele , Gagnon Marie-Pierre , Visca Regina , Liddy Clare
Published: September 2023

Background: Effective healthcare innovations are often not scaled up beyond their initial local context. Lack of practical knowledge on how to move from local innovations to large-system improvement hinders innovation and learning capacity in health systems. Studying scale-up processes can lead to a better understanding of how to facilitate the scale-up of interventions. eConsult is a digital health innovation that aims to connect primary care professionals with specialists through an asynchronous electronic consultation. The recent implementation of eConsult in the public health systems of four Canadian jurisdictions provides a unique opportunity to identify different enabling strategies and related factors that promote the scaling up of eConsult across jurisdictions. Methods: We conducted a narrative case study in four Canadian provinces, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, and Newfoundland & Labrador, over a 3-year period (2018–2021). We observed provincial eConsult committee meetings (n=65) and national eConsult forums (n=3), and we reviewed internal documents (n=93). We conducted semi-structured interviews with key actors in each jurisdiction (eg, researchers, primary care professionals, specialists, policy-makers, and patient partners) (n=40). We conducted thematic analysis guided by the literature on factors and strategies used to scale up innovations. Results: We identified a total of 31 strategies related to six key enabling factors to scaling up eConsult, including: (1) multi-actor engagement; (2) relative advantage; (3) knowledge transfer; (4) strong evidence base; (5) physician leadership; and (6) resource acquisition (eg, human, material, and financial resources). More commonly used strategies, such as leveraging research infrastructure and bringing together various actors, were used to address multiple enabling factors. Conclusion: Actors used various strategies to scale up eConsult within their respective contexts, and these helped address six key factors that seemed to be essential to the scale-up of eConsult.
"i’m mixing comic book canon and mcu canon to suit my own needs": Information Sharing as Community Building in a Fandom in Flux
Authors: harding alison
Published: September 2023

Utilizing the rapidly changing landscape of the Marvel fandom on fanfiction archive Archive of Our Own (AO3) as a research site, this paper presents the findings of a combined autoethnography and digital ethnography of the Falcon and the Winter Soldier community. The work explores the ways in which a fandom community builds itself through information sharing. While the study garnered many findings, this paper primarily focuses on how tags are vital to crafting community identity, while also creating barriers to entry within the Falcon and the Winter Soldier fandom. The results show that while the broader Marvel fandom can be toxic and unwelcoming, the Falcon and the Winter Soldier fandom community on AO3 is welcoming of newcomers, highly tolerant, and supportive. The paper details the use of different types of tags and tagging practices in the building of community, and the barriers to entry to that community that still exist.
Exploring the role of student-run journals in shaping academic identity
Authors: Lujano Vilchis Ivonne , Thurber Derek , Romkey Matt
Published: September 2023

Student-led journals have a long history, yet they have received little attention in academic publishing and higher education research. This study aims to contribute to filling this gap and enriching the analysis of these publications from a novel point of view: the role of journals in shaping the academic identity of graduate students through an autoethnographic study.We explore our personal experiences as student editors of Current Issues in Education (CIE) produced at Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College (MLFTC) at Arizona State University (ASU). The data were collected by first writing a personal narrative about our experiences serving on CIE’s editorial board. To support our notes, we drew from our memories and informal conversations with other student editors and reviewers, as well as advisors. We also drew upon some of CIE’s internal documents, such as editorial meeting minutes. Our study aligns with Inouye and McAlpine's (2019) review of academic identity development for doctoral students, highlighting the relevance of editorial work as a means to develop academic identity, particularly related to reflective thinking, authorial identity, confidence, and learning through critique. We found that participating in the publication landscape through academic journals serves as a possibility for students to develop their authorial voice and collective identity as academics. Student journals, as third spaces, provide opportunities for constructive interactions that contribute to the construction of academic identity and offer a platform for student engagement in scholarly publishing processes, which ultimately boosts their confidence as writers and their sense of belonging to academia.
MORTE SÚBITA CARDÍACA EM ADULTOS JOVENS: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Rayanne Barbosa Soares Beatriz , Raíssa Silva Varela Beatriz , José Targino Ribeiro Pedro , Ribeiro Monteiro Figueredo Tayná , Abreu Carolino Rodolfo
Published: September 2023

Introdução: A morte súbita cardíaca (MSC) é um evento comum e devastador, que ocorre frequentemente no auge da vida, A maioria das vítimas não tem qualquer história de doença cardíaca ou cerebrovascular, a morte é totalmente inesperada, havendo uma súbita interrupção da atividade cardíaca acompanhada de colapso hemodinâmico. Objetivo: É analisar estudos que descrevem as causalidades da morte súbita cardíaca em adultos jovens. Metodologia: Este trabalho trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Foram selecionados estudos que tenham significativa relevância para o título proposto: Morte súbita cardíaca em jovens adultos: Uma revisão de literatura. A pergunta norteadora é: “Qual a causa da morte súbita cardíaca em adultos jovens?” Foram utilizados como mecanismos de busca os descritores elencados a partir do DECs e MeSH “Morte súbita”, “Jovens adultos”, “Fatores de risco” (em português) e “Sudden death”, “Young adults”, “Risk Factors” (em inglês) com uma pesquisa realizada em plataformas de dados SCIELO, PUBMED e LILACS. Resultados: Espera-se, explanar sobre estudos que falem sobre as causalidades da morte súbita cardíaca em adultos jovens, evidenciando as principais causas. Conclusão: Em síntese, a morte súbita cardíaca é uma emergência séria que põe em risco a vida, durante uma parada cardíaca súbita, o funcionamento do coração é interrompido abruptamente e sem nenhum aviso. Logo, as causas cardíacas devem ser investigadas precocemente e de forma específica em cada população, uma vez que podem sofrer diversas influências a depender da população em questão para evitar a morte súbita cardíaca em adultos jovens.
Collaborative-Participatory Model in Education Policy during a Pandemic: Building Collaboration to Bridge the Gap
Authors: Suyuthi Ahmad , Mumtahanah Nurotun , Wahyudi Winarto Eka
Published: September 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted various aspects of life. Economy and education are the two sectors of life most affected. This article aims to analyze education policy in Indonesia in facing the global pandemic. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. Data was obtained through public policy documentation techniques in the education sector. The data obtained was then analyzed using the public policy theory content analysis method. Analysis of this study found that in the education policy formulation stage, the government, through the Ministry of Education (Kemendikbud), collaborated with various parties (multi-stakeholders) to guarantee the community's fundamental rights to access education. However, it was found that the policies that had been realized still needed to be revised in society. Thus, many people still do not have the right to a good education. For example, regarding quota distribution policies, areas with minimal signal, the ability to operate media, and other digital infrastructure. Realizing this, Indonesia's education policy in the education sector during the pandemic used a collaborative-participatory model. The Ministry of Education collaborates with other ministries or agencies to ensure that education implementation regulations are implemented in the public domain evenly and fairly.
Development of Transformative Leadership for Head of State Madrasah Aliyah
Authors: Hasanah N Dewi , Badrudin Badrudin , Sanusi Hary Priatna
Published: September 2023

Leadership is an essential element in organizational speed. Mastery of leadership theory can make a significant contribution to the madrasah principal. This research aims to examine the influence of the transformative leadership of madrasah heads on teacher performance in two madrasahs in Bandung. This research uses a qualitative approach. Collecting data with interview techniques, observation, and documentation. Informants in this study involved the head of the madrasah, the deputy head of curriculum, teachers and students. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, presentation, conclusions, and validity testing. The study results show that the madrasah principal uses a leadership strategy that builds teacher commitment through regular supervision and monitoring. The madrasah head provides inspirational communication, motivates teachers with the afterlife goals, and instils discipline through habits. In dealing with criticism, the madrasah principal is open and democratic and involves all madrasah members in policy-making. This transformative leadership approach shows a constructive and honest intellectual stimulus. The head of the madrasa awards teachers who excel and offers advice to teachers who need it. This research emphasizes the importance of transformative leadership in improving the quality of teachers and realizing Madrasahs that are akhlakul karimah.
THE EFFECT OF ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT DISCLOSURE, CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE, AND PROFITABILITY ON THE VALUE OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES LISTED ON THE IDX FOR THE YEAR 2019-2020
Authors: Setiawan Temy , Steven Jonathan
Published: September 2023

In making investment decisions, of course, investors must pay attention to financial and non-financial aspects. In the financial aspect, of course, it can be seen through the level of company profitability. Meanwhile, in the non-financial aspect, potential investors can use the company's non-financial information such as corporate risk management and corporate social responsibility. This study aims to provide empirical evidence of the influence of financial aspects, namely profitability and also the influence of non-financial aspects, namely corporate risk management and corporate social responsibility on firm value. The population in this study were all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2019-2020 period as many as 172 companies. The sampling technique in this study used a purposive sampling technique so that 95 data were obtained from the company's annual report. Analysis using SPSS program with multiple linear regression analysis method. This study provides empirical evidence that the financial aspect, namely profitability, has a positive influence on firm value. Then the non-financial aspect, namely corporate social responsibility, also has a positive influence on firm value, while corporate risk management has no effect on increasing firm value. This study provides information to potential investors that to assess the company can be seen from the financial and non-financial side. This encourages companies to better disclose non-financial information in order to have a positive impact on the company and external parties in need.