bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome analysis reveals candidate genes for different root types of alfalfa in response to drought stress
Authors: wang kun , Nan Li-li , Xia Jing , Yao Yu-heng , Cheng Jiao , Chen Jing-ru
Published: May 2024

Background
We aimed to gain insight into the response mechanism of alfalfa to drought stress by recognizing and analyzing drought-responsive genes in the roots of different root types of alfalfa. The rhizomatous-rooted M. sativa ‘Qingshui’ (or QS), tap-rooted M. sativa ‘Longdong’ (or LD), and creeping-rooted M. varia ‘Gongnong No. 4’ (or GN) were used to simulate drought stress with PEG-6000 and analyze the transcriptome information and physiological characteristics of the root system.
Results
It was found that aridity caused a significant increase in the content of osmotic stress substances and antioxidant enzyme activity. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in QS was lower than that in LD and GN under stress conditions, indicating a stronger accumulation capacity of osmotic regulatory substances. Based on sequencing results, 14,475, 9,336, and 9,243 upregulated DEGs from QS, LD, and GN were annotated into 26, 29, and 28 transcription factor families, respectively. QS showed more DEGs than LD and GN. KEGG enrichment analysis identified that DEGs were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways such as amino acid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signaling transduction, and MAPK pathways. This suggests a strong correlation between these pathways and drought stress. Simultaneously, it was discovered that genes associated with ABA hormone signaling (MS. gene93372, MS. gene072046, and MS. gene012975) are crucial for adapting to drought stress.
Conclusions
These genes, such as serine/threonine protein kinases and abscisic acid receptors, play a crucial role in plant hormone signaling and MAPK pathways. They could serve as potential candidate genes for drought resistance research in alfalfa, providing a molecular foundation for studying drought resistance.
Clinical significance of positive resection margin for patients with rectal neuroendocrine tumors within 20mm following initial endoscopic resection: A multi-center study
Authors: duan mengping , wang yunhua , liu Zhanzhen , zhou ziwei , Wan Taixuan , xie zhuowei , wang liwei , zhou yebohao , sun qiufeng , Xie hao , lai sicong , Xiao wei , Zheng Haoqi , Zhou Yihang , Zhang Zhihong , Liu Huashan , Lei Dongxu , luo shuanglin , shi Yunxing , Ye Fujin , Huang Liang
Published: May 2024

Background
The incidence of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (RNETs) has witnessed a significant surge, with a notable proportion being amenable to endoscopic removal. However, the clinical significance of positive resection margin for RNETs patients following endoscopic resection remain unknown, resulting in a lack of consensus regarding the appropriateness of implementing salvage treatment.
Methods
In this large, multicenter, retrospective cohort study, we analyzed the medical records of individuals who underwent endoscopic resection for RNETs and classified them into two groups: the positive resection margin and the negative resection margin group. The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared among two group. The independent variables were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to predict positive resection margin. Then, the model was established to predict the patients with positive resection margin using multivariate logistic regression.
Results
181 RNETs patients (34.3%) represented positive margin after endoscopic resection. Following a median follow-up period of 72 months, tumor recurrence manifested in 12 out of 527 patients (2.2%) and the presence of positive resection margin was associated with worse DFS. Independent factors correlating with positive resection margin included endoscopic resection method choice, RNETs located in the low rectum, NLR > 4.44 and tumor size exceeding 14.89 mm. A prediction model was therefore established with high predictive accuracy and excellent clinical applicability determined by calibration curves and DCA curve. Among RNETs patients with positive margin following endoscopic resection, implementing salvage treatment was beneficial for improving DFS and salvage endoscopic resection offer equal efficiency compared with salvage radical resection .
Conclusions
Positive resection margin following endoscopic resection may indicate negative prognosis. Salvage treatment can improve the prognosis of RNETs patients with positive resection margin. Notably, salvage local resection exhibited similar efficacy compared with radical surgery in term of survival benefit.
Post-dural puncture headache: a comparative study of 22- and 25-gauge Quincke needles for caesarean sections in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in Karbala
Authors: Hussain Mohammed
Published: May 2024

Objective
To compare the frequency and severity of post dural puncture headache in obstetric patients using 22G Quincke, 25G Quincke.
Design:
Comparative, randomized, interventional study.
Place and Duration of Study:
In Karbala Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital and Al Hassan Al-Mojtaba Teaching Hospital from January 2024 to March 2024.
Methods
We included 62 female patients categorized as ASA I (normal healthy patients) and ASA II (patients with mild systemic disease), all of whom were full-term pregnant women, 18 to 45 years of age, scheduled for elective Caesarean section, under spinal anesthesia, were randomized into two groups: Group I (22G Quincke spinal needle: n = 31), Group II (25G Quincke spinal needle: n = 31). Spinal anesthesia was performed with 2.5–3.5 ml 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine using 22G Quincke spinal needle (Group I), 25G Quincke spinal needle (Group II) at L3-4 inter-vertebral space. Each patient was assessed daily for three consecutive days following Caesarean section. Frequency and severity of post dural puncture headache (PDPH) was recorded.
Results
Frequency of PDPH following the use of 22G Quincke (Group I), 25G Quincke (Group II) was 67.7% (21/31), 25.8% (8/31) respectively. In Group I, PDPH was mild in 2 patients, moderate in 5 patients and severe in 14 patients. In Group II, it was mild in 4, moderate in 2 and severe in 2 patients. Most of the patients with PDPH developed it on the 1st and 2nd postoperative day.
Conclusion
When using a 25G Quincke spinal needle, the frequency and severity of PDPH was significantly lower than when a 22G Quincke needle was used.
Treatment outcome of nephrotic syndrome and associated factors among Children at Public Specialized Hospitals of Bahir Dar City, northwest, Ethiopia: Retrospective study design
Authors: Tilahun Lalem , Kebede Awoke , Ayalew Yeneneh , Gessesse Abraham Dessie , Kebede Ayenew Genet
Published: May 2024

Background
Nephrotic syndrome is the second most common glomerular disorder in children, with a generally favorable clinical outcome. It accounts for 26.1% of all renal disorders in developing countries. However, in low-resource nations like Ethiopia, treatment outcomes are worsening and leading to end-stage renal diseases. Despite this burden, there is limited research on the treatment outcomes of nephrotic syndrome and the associated factors inchildren.
Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the treatment outcomes of nephrotic syndrome and the associated factors among children at specialized hospitals in Bahir Dar, in Northwest Ethiopia.
Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at comprehensive specialized hospitals in Bahir Dar from November 1, 2019 to December 30, 2022. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study subjects. Data were extracted from patient charts using a data extraction checklist. The data were entered into Epi-data version 4.6.0.2, and the statistical package for social science version 25 was used for analysis. Model goodness-of-fit was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Variables with a p-value < 0.25 in the bivariate analysis were entered into the multivariable analysis using the backward method. The strength of the association was measured using adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results were presented in the form of text, tables, and graphs.
Results
The final study included 297 nephrotic syndrome charts, with a response rate of 97.1%. The poor outcomes of nephrotic syndrome were found to be 10.77% (95% CI: 7.4%-14.5%). Decreased urine output [AOR: 2.9 (95% CI: 1.02–8.23)], sex [AOR: 3.42 (95% CI: 1.09–10.69)], and serum albumin level < 1.5 mg/dl [AOR: 7.34 (95% CI: 2.53–21.30)] were factors associated with poor outcomes in pediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome.
Conclusion
The poor outcomes of nephrotic syndrome are significant. Sex, decreased urine output, and serum albumin level < 1.5 mg/dl were significantly associated with poor treatment outcomes in nephrotic syndrome patients. This study recommends conducting another prospective follow-up study.
The use of cannabidiol as a treatment for quantitative seizures reduction in pharmacoresistant epilepsy, a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: de Oliveira Vinícius Gabino , de Almeida Natália Brito , Radmann Guilherme Correa , Santos Bruno Fernandes de Oliveira
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Epilepsy is a neurological syndrome, caused by an excess of neuronal discharges due to various etiologies with varying degrees of success in treatment. Currently, a part of the population is pharmacoresistant to the traditional treatment, justifying the search for additional options. One of these alternatives is the cannabidiol - a non-psychoactive component of Cannabis Sativa, with an already tried efficacy, but still needing more studies to quantify this efficacy Objectives: Gather and analyze efficacy findings of the use of cannabidiol in pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Methodology: This literature systematic review was made following the PRISMA protocol guidelines. The Google Scholar, Scielo, and PubMed/MEDLINE databases were included. Using the descriptors "Cannabidiol," "Epilepsy," and "Drug Resistant Epilepsy.". This research was registered in the Prospero platform with the identification: CRD42024479643. Results: 1448 results were found in the PubMed, Virtual Health Library, and Google Scholar databases. 06 studies met the criteria for full-text evaluation and eligibility. Compiled analysis showed that the total number of seizures in patients who received cannabidiol demonstrated a reduction of 41.0875% compared to patients in placebo groups who had an average percentage reduction of 18.1%, a 127% higher response for patients who received the intervention. Conclusion: Given these results, it is possible to conclude that the therapeutic response of cannabidiol is worthy of consideration in new protocols and of being added to public healthcare systems for its antiepileptic potential; however, the high efficacy rate of the placebo group suggests that other methods of data collection analysis may be employed
Is The Cephalalgia Associated With The Use Of Oral Isotretinoin Related To Increased Intracranial Pressure?
Authors: Shafiyev Javid , Gahramanov Irfan , Mammadov Tabriz
Published: May 2024

Objective: Although there are studies on the neurological side effects of isotretinoin, the character of headache associated with this medication and its relationship with intracranial hypertension remain poorly elucidated in the literature. The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics of headache in patients developing headache associated with isotretinoin use and whether it is associated with intracranial hypertension.
Materials and Methods: A single-center, prospective patient registry study was conducted Between September 2022 and September 2023. Inclusion criteria comprised the absence of any prior primary or secondary diagnosis of headache, the onset of headache within the first 3 months after the initiation of treatment, being 18 years or older, not having any medical conditions that could lead to increased intracranial pressure, and not using any medical treatment that could cause headaches. Exclusion criteria: Being under 18 years of age, being under follow-up for any diagnosed headache, and having papilledema findings during the examination before starting treatment. The dataset encompasses information on the medication dosage, duration of usage, the day the headache occurred, the attributes of the headache, and the findings from the fundus examinationand MRI.
Results: A total of 250 patients were evaluated. 65 (%26) patients, who developed headache after medication and met the inclusion criteria, were included in the study. Among the participants who continued to engage in the study, 45 (%61) were female, and 20 (%39) were male, with an average age of 22 (1.8) years. ,The average isotretinoin dosage used by patients with headaches was 34.4 (8.4) mg. Statistically significant higher occurrence of compressive-type headaches was observed when analyzed according to the headache character. In terms of localization, statistically significant differences were noted in the cases of bilateral headaches(P<0.05). However, no significant difference was detected among patients in terms of papilledema and MRI findings (P>0.05).
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that headache developing in patients using oral isotretinoin is predominantly of a continuous compressive bilateral nature, yet it is not associated with signs of increased intracranial pressure.
Plant Disease Detection Using Deep-Learning
Authors: Reddy Sai Swaroop , Khan Iklash , M Kanchana
Published: May 2024

Increasing demands for food security and sustainable agriculture have spurred the development of innovative technologies in the agricultural sector. This initiative aims to tackle the pressing concern of plant diseases through the implementation of cutting-edge deep learning methodologies to ensure precise and effective disease identification. By harnessing the potential of deep neural networks, the system conducts an analysis of plant leaf images in order to detect indications and manifestations of diseases. By delivering a scalable, automated, and accurate solution, this novel strategy intends to destroy conventional plant disease detection techniques. By training a deep-learning model on a heterogeneous dataset of plant images, the project acquires knowledge of intricate patterns and characteristics that are linked to a multitude of diseases. By incorporating convolutional neural networks (CNNs), the model is capable of deriving hierarchical representations from input images, which aids in the intricate differentiation between diseased and healthy plant tissues. The potential of this technology's implementation in early disease detection is substantial; it would enable farmers to promptly execute interventions that prevent the transmission of infections, thereby ultimately enhancing crop productivity and promoting sustainability. By integrating state-of-the-art deep learning techniques with agricultural science, this endeavor tackles a pivotal facet of worldwide food production. In addition to facilitating the rapid identification of maladies, the plant disease detection system under consideration lays the groundwork for the future advancement of intelligent agricultural systems. The effective incorporation of technology in the agricultural sector serves as a noteworthy milestone in the progression towards precision farming, which guarantees the health of commodities and promotes sustainable methodologies that benefit both farmers and the global populace at large.
Power Xgamma Distribution: Properties, Estimation, Regression, Simulation and Applications
Authors: Obulezi Okechukwu , Etaga Harrison O. , Ibeakuzie Precious O. , Alghamdi Fatimah M. , Aljohani Hassan M. , Kilai Mutua S.
Published: May 2024

In this study, an extension of XGamma distribution has been proposed and studied. The extension has an additional parameter accounting for the shape of the distribution. The properties of the proposed distribution were derived and discussed. The estimation of the parameters was done using the maximum likelihood method. The study's uniqueness is in developing a parametric regression model capable of competing with the classical regression model and also useful in the face of censored data. The applicability and flexibility were demonstrated using simulation studies and some lifetime data.
How are we training future doctors and nurses in compassionate care? Training contents and practices in a school of health sciences.
Authors: Guzmán Maria Camila , Villegas Claudia Elena , Castañeda Hellen Lucia , García Martha , Krikorian Alicia
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Health sciences education provides comprehensive training in biomedical competencies and the development of the individual for professional practice. However, it often focuses on clinical competencies. There is a pressing need for more meaningful integration of training in compassionate care throughout the curriculum. The objective of this study was to identify the contents and teaching, learning, and assessment practices related to compassionate care in the medicine and nursing programs of a private university.
Method. A descriptive and observational mixed-methods approach was conducted in 2022. First, a review of curriculum contents in the syllabi from the medicine and nursing programs was conducted to identify those pertaining to compassionate care; then, a survey was administered to teachers, students, and graduates of the SHS, to explore curriculum contents related to compassionate care, organized into three axes: communication and therapeutic relationship, teamwork, and self-care. Finally, focus group discussions were held to delve deeper into these aspects. This paper describes the results of the data from the programs' syllabi and surveys.
Results. Both programs explicitly and implicitly offer some form of training in compassionate care. Training in compassionate care is limited and often hidden in medicine, while in nursing, it tends to be more abundant and explicit. Training primarily focuses on communication skills and therapeutic relationships, with less emphasis on teamwork and virtually no attention given to self-care. The most used methodologies are lectures, clinical cases, and rounds or clinical practices. Evaluation is carried out through summative and formative strategies, commonly through written exams featuring |both closed and open-ended questions.
Conclusions. Strengths and areas for improvement are identified: the importance of formalizing and balancing contents related to compassionate care, employing more participatory and experiential teaching-learning methodologies, and emphasizing structured evaluation processes. This study provides evidence for further programs willing to improve compassionate care.
Identifying diffusive length scales in one-dimensional Bose gases
Authors: Møller Frederik Skovbo , Cataldini Federica , Schmiedmayer Jörg
Published: May 2024

In the hydrodynamics of integrable models, diffusion is a subleading correction to ballistic propagation. Here we quantify the diffusive contribution for one-dimensional Bose gases and find it most influential in the crossover between the main thermodynamic regimes of the gas. Analysing the experimentally measured dynamics of a single density mode, we find diffusion to be relevant only for high wavelength excitations. Instead, the observed relaxation is solely caused by a ballistically driven dephasing process, whose time scale is related to the phonon lifetime of the system and is thus useful to evaluate the applicability of the phonon bases typically used in quantum field simulators.
Cacau (Theobroma cacao): functional food with potential for the quality of older life
Authors: Silva André Vinicius Wendling da , Bellizzi Gabriela Miranda , Gaspar Sandra Ávila , Pyrrho Alexandre dos Santos , Silva Jaqueline da , Branco Morgana Teixeira Lima Castelo , Varricchio Marcia Cristina Braga Nunes
Published: May 2024

Cocoa fruit (Theobroma cacao) is originary from American. It’s very little studied for its neuro-behavioral biological actions when regarding its origin, history, cultive and biological actions. Our group began to develop the study of this fruit with a view to its assisted cultive, for its use as a functional food with neuro-behavioral effect acting on neurotransmitters modulation, possibly also phyto-adaptogenic and immunomodulatory action. Our interest of scientific investigation of its complementary use as a functional food aims elderly people, among them indigenous peoples in urban situations with grief due to sequelae of Covid19 or major depression, is promising, meanwhile they have proper medical specialized follow-up. The study aims to increase the recovery of their emotional comfort and life quality through nutritional means, also through the recovery of affective memories of the use of cocoa for indigenous elders, as a psychosocial care strategy.
Iron deficiency therapy in pregnant women: advantages and new possibilities of iron carboxymaltose
Authors: Vinogradova M. A. , Serebriyskaya D. S.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Impact of iron deficiency on pregnancy outcomes appears an urgent issue despite generally accepted standards of therapy. Iron needs increase during pregnancy and manifestations of its deficiency reduce QoL in pregnant women and worsen newborn health. Ferric carboxymaltose helps overcome iron deficiency in a quick and efficient manner from the 2nd trimester.

Aim. To analyse the results of ferric carboxymaltose therapy of iron deficiency conditions in pregnant women.

Materials and methods. In this article we presented our own experience in providing ferric carboxymaltose therapy to treat iron deficiency in 152 pregnant women from the 2nd trimester.

Results and discussion. Correction of anaemic syndrome was observed in more than 73.3% (up to 93.3% depending on the severity of primary anaemia) as early as the first week after administration of ferric carboxymaltose. Haemoglobin and ferritin levels at 3 week post-infusion were significantly higher than pre-infusion levels (p < 0.001). Improvement of haemoglobin levels at 6 weeks after initiation of therapy was achieved in all women with mild anaemia and in 98.5% of women with severe anaemia. No definite severe hypersensitivity reactions were detected. The overall incidence of side effects was 10.5%, with headache being the most frequently reported type (7.9%). All pregnancies resulted in a live birth without malformations; the rate of preterm birth was 9.5%.

Conclusion. Ferric carboxymaltose is an effective drug to quickly correct iron deficiency in pregnant women with a minimum number of adverse reactions and without negative impact on newborn health.
Antioxidant Vitamins (Vit C and E) Protect the Kidney from Glyphosate- Exposed Renal Damage in Experimental Rats - A Molecular Study
Authors: Rajesh Keshav , Priya Veeraraghavan Vishnu , Jayaraman Selvaraj , Gayathri R. , S Kavitha.
Published: May 2024

Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide and the active ingredient in Monsanto's Roundup, among other herbicide formulations. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and vitamin E (tocopherol) are both antioxidants that play important roles in reducing oxidative DNA damage and protecting cells from the harmful effects of free radicals. The study aimed to analyse the effect of antioxidant vitamins (vitamins C and E) on the expression of IGF-1 and KIM-1 molecules in the kidneys of glyphosate-exposed rats. Adult male Albino Wistar rats were grouped into 3. Group I: Control; Group II: Glyphosate treated (100mg); Group III: Glyphosate+ vitamin E & C treated. Serum, insulin, and mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and kidney injury molecules (KIM-1) mRNA expression by RT-PCR. Serum insulin was measured by the ELISA method. Glyphosate-exposed rats developed hyperglycaemia and hyper compared to control but antioxidant vitamins (Vitamin C and E) supplementation, reduced the glyphosate mediate increased fasting blood glucose and insulin near to that of the control level. Similarly, mRNA expression of both IGF-1 and KIM-1 were also significantly altered due to glyphosate induction whose effects were found to be reduced when vitamins C and E were treated. It is concluded that glyphosate exposure causes renal damage and develops diabetic nephropathy by modulating the expression of IGF-1 and KIM-1 molecules in the kidney. Vitamin C and E potentially were able to reduce the detrimental changes caused by glyphosate. Hence, vitamin C and E supplements could be considered therapeutic drugs for diabetic nephropathy.
The Effect of Aspalathin on SMAD2, SMAD3, TGF-β - A Major Contributor of Inflammation – An In-silico Approach
Authors: A.G Hirshasri , Renu Kaviyarasi , Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan , R Gayathri , S Kavitha
Published: May 2024

Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of several illnesses, and the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway, including SMAD2 and SMAD3, regulates inflammatory responses. Aspalathin, a naturally-occurring compound extracted from several plant sources, has shown potential anti-inflammatory properties. This study uses computational methods to investigate how aspalathin affects SMAD2, SMAD3, and TGF-β in order to understand how it regulates inflammation. We use molecular docking to analyze how aspalathin binds with important components of the TGF-β pathway. Our research reveals promising information about the potential of aspalathin, which shows a strong ability to bind with the inflammatory regulator (SMAD2, SMAD3, and TGF-β). Aspalathin may offer therapeutic benefits for treating inflammatory diseases. Further testing in both controlled laboratory environments (in vitro) and inside live creatures (in vivo) are required to validate the computational findings and prove aspalathin's potential as a viable option for inflammation management.
Piperine Regulates Inflammatory Signalling Molecules in Adipose Tissue: A High Fat Diet Sucrose Induced Type II Diabetic Experimental Model
Authors: Jaikumar Ram Ashwin , R Gayathri. , Sadhvi B. , Vishnu Priya V. , J Selvaraj
Published: May 2024

Metabolic inflammation is an essential event in obesity-induced diabetes and insulin resistance. An extract of the active phenolic component of black pepper (Piper nigrum), piperine, is well known to provide beneficial physiological effects. This study aims to assess the regulation of inflammatory signalling molecules in adipose tissue by Piperine using a high diet and sucrose-induced type II diabetic experimental model. Our results suggest that piperine has the potential as a therapeutic drug or dietary supplement.
Study on Polychlorinated Biphenyls-Induced Changes in the Expression of Pro Inflammatory Markers and the Therapeutic Role of Vitamin C And E
Authors: Ganesh Arun , Gayathri R. , Selvaraj J. , Vishnu Priya V. , S Kavitha.
Published: May 2024

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are manmade chemicals which are highly reactive and cause disorders such as diabetes, and cancer and conditions such as breathing difficulties etc., It is endocrine receptors and environmental pollutants. IL1-β and TNF-α are pro-inflammatory markers. Vitamin C and E are antioxidants that have therapeutic effects on PCB. They also protect the body from free radicals, pollutants and toxins. They also help in the defence system and protect the body against cancer, arthritis, etc. The harmful effects and the changes induced by PCBs on pro-inflammatory markers and the therapeutic role of vitamin C and E on PCB were studied using Adult male albino rats. Adipose tissues from control and treated animals were dissected out and used for the assessment of pro-inflammatory markers. The IL1-β and TNF-α mRNA expression levels were measured using the RT-PCR method. The data were analyzed statistically. The results showed that the IL1-β and TNF-α mRNA expression levels of PCB-induced rats were significantly increased (p<0.05). Treatment with Vitamin C and E could effectively reduce the expression of the pro-inflammatory signalling molecules in adipose tissue.
Guardians of Liver Health: Unveiling the Resilient Shield of Antioxidant Vitamins (C, E) Against Glyphosate-Induced Havoc in Experimental Rats
Authors: Linoj Joseph , R Gayathri. , Vishnu Priya V. , Jayaraman Selvaraj , S Kavitha. , Shree. K Hema
Published: May 2024

Glyphosate, a widely used herbicide, has gained popularity due to its broad-spectrum effects and use in genetically modified, glyphosate-resistant crops. Recent data, however, points to possible adverse effects of glyphosate and herbicides based on glyphosate, such as genotoxic and cytotoxic effects, elevated stress levels, disturbance of the hormones such as estrogen pathway and possible associations with specific cancer types. This has raised concerns about the widespread use of glyphosate and its impact on human health and the environment. The objective of this study was to determine whether antioxidants vitamin C and E could shield experimental rats' livers from the damaging effects of glyphosate. Animals were grouped as Group I-control, 30 days of oral glyphosate-treated rats as Group II, and Rats that received simultaneous glyphosate treatment and oral administration of vitamins C and E were for 30 days as Group III. We used the user's manual to figure out the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, the histomorphology of liver tissue using H&E staining, and the liver and kidney function tests using Diatek Greiner kits. The study revealed that prolonged exposure to glyphosate can alter the SREBPI and HNF1 pathways, leading to diabetes. As an herbicide, glyphosate can cause harmful changes in vital organs, leading to diabetes and other disorders.
Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial Efficacy: Harnessing Cocos Nucifera Extracts in Novel Toothpaste Formulations
Authors: Balakrishnan Nivethigaa , Kumar Subramanian Aravind
Published: May 2024

Natural resources, ranging from herbs like neem and clove to minerals like fluoride, are harnessed for their antimicrobial properties in oral care products. These resources provide sustainable alternatives to synthetic chemicals, offering effective yet eco-friendly solutions against oral microorganisms. The present study aims to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of two toothpaste formulations derived from the extracts of Cocos nucifera. Two toothpaste preparations were made from the pulp extracts of Cocos nucifera. Group 1 was prepared from milk extracted from freshly ground coconut pulp. The second extract was obtained by the lyophilization process. Both toothpaste formulations were then analyzed for their antimicrobial efficacy by assessing the zone of inhibition for the following oral pathogens; Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Candida albicans by agar well diffusion assay. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software. It was found that the toothpaste derived from the extracts of coconut milk had antimicrobial efficacy against S.mutans, S.aureus and C.albicans in the various dilutions tested and the toothpaste made from the lyophilized extract exhibited antimicrobial efficacy against P.aeruginosa in various dilutions. Toothpaste derived from the coconut milk extract demonstrated significant efficacy against tested oral pathogens, suggesting its suitability for incorporation into oral care products. Its antimicrobial properties highlight its potential for combating oral infections and enhancing oral hygiene routines. Further research and development could optimize its utilization in various dental formulations.
Prevalência de sinais e sintomas mentais e físicos em profissionais de saúde no auge da Covid-19: Metanálise
Authors: Malaquias Tatiana da Silva Melo , Gomes Jhonny Richard de Melo , Okubo Caroline Vieira Cláudio , Aroni Patricia , Ferrari Rosangela Aparecida Pimenta , Silveira Renata Cristina de Campos Pereira , Yamamura Mellina , Haddad Maria do Carmo Fernandez Lourenço
Published: May 2024

Objetivo:  Avaliar sistematicamente a prevalência de sinais e sintomas mentais e físicos sobre os profissionais de saúde que prestaram assistência direta à pacientes com COVID-19 no auge da pandemia. Método: Revisão sistemática da literatura e metanálise, baseada nas recomendações do Joanna Briggs Institute, realizada em onze bases de dados. Na metanálise considerou-se o modelo de efeito randômico. Resultados: Foram incluídos 77 estudos, totalizando 31.727 profissionais de saúde. Dos sinais e sintomas mentais, identificaram-se as seguintes prevalências: ansiedade 56% (IC 95%= 44 à 67%, p<0,005), depressão 48% (IC 95%=40 a 57%, p<0,01), estresse 60% (IC 95%=47 a 73%, p<0,01), insônia 54% (IC 95%=42 a 65%, p<0,05), transtorno do estresse pós-traumático 32% (IC=95% 20% a 46%, p<0,01), síndrome de burnout 42% (IC = 95% 34% a 50%, p<0,01). Dos sinais e sintomas físicos prevaleceram as lesões de pele relacionadas ao uso prolongado de equipamentos de proteção individual e  maior frequência da lavagem das mãos e utilização de álcool em gel. Conclusão: Os profissionais de saúde que cuidaram de pacientes com a Doença do Coronavírus 2019 no pico da pandemia apresentaram prevalência expressiva de sinais e sintomas mentais e físicos, evidenciando  a necessidade de assegurar condições de saúde e de trabalho adequadas.
Revisiting Nitroaromatic Drugs: Mechanisms of Bioactivation, Metabolism and Toxicity and Methods to Synthesize Nitroaromatic Fragments
Authors: Abreu Saulo , Gelves Luis Gabriel , Barreiro Eliezer , Lima Lídia
Published: May 2024

Nitroaromatic drugs represent an important class of therapeutic agents, endowed with different pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, antiprotozoal, anti-Parkinson, anticancer, etc. However, the nitroheterocycle and nitroarene fragments are considered potentially toxic, with reports of mutagenicity and genotoxicity. The bioreduction process of the nitro group plays a central role in the antimicrobial and toxicological mechanism of action of nitroaromatic drugs. This article will review the nitroaromatic drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the last 30 years, the mechanisms of bioactivation, metabolism and toxicity and, finally, it will revisit the main methodologies for obtaining the nitroaromatic fragment from aromatic nitration reaction and oxidation of arylamines and/or heteroarylamines.
Automated depth matching of heterogeneous well logs using cross-correlation method
Authors: Eremeev Vladimir V. , Ivashko Alexander G.
Published: May 2024

Well logging is one of the main decision support methods in the oil and gas industry. However, depth mismatches between logs recorded with different runs or different logging tools in the same well remain a complex problem in the industry. Until now, the oil and gas industry has relied heavily on the judgment of log analysts, who manually align log data before interpreting them. Nevertheless, the process of manually depth alignment is subjective and time-consuming. This paper proposes a preprocessing algorithm that clean the data to apply Pearson correlation as a depth alignment metric. A cross-correlation depth alignment algorithm was proposed and tested on five wells located in Western Siberia. We also derived pairs of different-type logs from different bundles to calculate the optimal offset by cross-correlation.
Method for assessing well interference at under-gas cap zone using CRM material balance model
Authors: Bekman Alexander D. , Ruchkin Alexander A.
Published: May 2024

Optimization of injection operation conditions is a primary task when designing the development of mature oil fields. To select optimal injectivities, solutions to the optimization problem based on a CRM (capacitance resistance model) analytical model are used. CRM models based on analytical solutions of the material balance equations of weakly compressible fluids due to their speed can be used as an alternative to flow simulation models in solving a number of problems to support oil field development. The main task of CRM models is to determine the well interference factor, i.e. the share of fluid produced due to a particular injection well. These factors can be used to analyze waterflooding and develop solutions for waterflood optimization.
At the same time, in some cases reservoir fluids may have high gas content, which is a classical limitation of a CRM model and leads to underestimation of the interference factors when estimating the injection performance. In this paper, the authors propose an approach to solve the problems of distortion of such factors, and for the first time in CRM application practice a model has been adapted for use in the conditions of high GORs and has a potential for being applied for under-gas cap zones. This is achieved by including in the equations the physical properties of gas and their behavior under reservoir conditions. The complication of algorithms did not significantly affect the model run time, but allowed to match the model both separately and jointly for liquid and gas phases. Thus, the improved classical CRM model has significantly expanded the scope of application of operational waterflood analysis tools for assessing the current situation.
No less complicated and urgent is the problem of forecasting the production of gas liberated in the conditions of the previously mentioned under-gas-cap zones, because it implies the need to estimate the future reservoir pressure. The authors intend to devote the next paper to finding a solution to this issue, taking into account the proposed new method of reservoir pressure estimation using a CRM model.
Investigation of the processes of additional oil displacement by nanosuspension silicon oxide from a model core
Authors: Zhigarev Vladimir A. , Minakov Andrey V. , Guzei Dmitriy V. , Pryazhnikov Maxim I.
Published: May 2024

The use of nanosuspensions during reservoir flooding is an alternative to chemical methods for enhancing oil recovery. In this work, the effectiveness of using nanosuspensions as a post-displacement agent after the base agent (water) was shown. Filtration tests for additional oil displacement from model rock samples were carried out. Suspensions of nanoparticles were used for post-displacement. The mass concentration of spherical silicon oxide nanoparticles (SiO2) varied from 0.01 to 0.25%wt, and their size varied from 10 to 35 nm. The permeability of the model core was 50 mD. An experimental measurement of the interfacial tension and the contact angle of wettability was performed. It is shown that with an increase in the concentration of nanoparticles, the interfacial tension of the “oil — suspension” decreases. It has been established that at a fixed concentration of nanoparticles (0.1%), with an increase in the size of nanoparticles, the interfacial tension decreases. It was revealed that when using suspensions, the contact angle of rock wetting with oil changes significantly. As a result of filtration tests, dependences of the oil displacement efficiency on the concentration and size of nanoparticles were obtained. It has been shown that additional volume of oil can be recovered after filtering nanosuspensions.
Paradoxos e perspectivas da sustentabilidade no terceiro milênio
Authors: Hansen Gilvan Luiz
Published: May 2024

Possibly as a result of the threatening and destructive effects that the two world wars brought to the world, in the second half of the 20th century, concern about planetary problems became more acute. And, in this wake, one of the emerging phenomena was the proliferation of supranational organizations and institutions focused on a concern with international issues, especially those whose impacts acquired a global scope. The cold war, competition for the hegemony of imperialist nations such as the USA and the Soviet Union, promoted a race for protagonism in the military, technological and industrial areas, advancing in an unprecedented and excessive manner the exploration of environmental resources. In search of two results at any cost, without the intention of optimizing profits, turns to the purpose of neoliberal capitalism anchored in multinational corporations, which now becomes preponderant in global terms. And if it includes the exhaustion of two natural resources, it is conditioned for greater profits. In this scenario, despite two supranational governments and institutions, it is articulated in the sense of promoting sustainable development, and periodic events will be organized to defend the environment, the initiatives implemented seem more palliative in the face of the voracity of two markets. How, then, to effectively confront this paradox? Are there effective prospects for overtaking it? The reflection brought here aims to address these issues and the implications inherent to them, starting from a discursive theoretical basis of Habermasian inspiration to analyze the phenomenon of sustainability on planetary level, from a democratic and civic perspective (cosmopolitan and active).
Fotografias como arquivos e objetos de mediação cultural
Authors: Modolo Philippe , Aldabalde Taiguara Villela , Costa Rosa da Penha Ferreira da , Gerlin Meri Nádia Marques
Published: May 2024

The aim is to understand constituent elements of photographs as archival documents of secondary value, based on the analysis of documentary and cultural practices that focus on the production of the archival fond within the scope of the extension program 'Entre Comunidades’ . The methodological procedures adopted correspond to bibliographical, documentary and archival research to meet the objective. It is evident that archival values are constituent elements of photographs as archival documents of secondary value, associating them with documentary practices, memory activation and cultural mediation. It was concluded that photography has cultural values, notably aesthetic or formal value, being the object of cultural mediation.
Automatic Optic Nerve Assessment From Transorbital Ultrasound Images: ADeep Learning-based Approach
Authors: Xiao Youping
Published: May 2024

Background:

Transorbital Ultrasonography (TOS) is a promising imaging technology that can be used to characterize the structures of the optic nerve and the
potential alterations that may occur in those structures as a result of an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) or the presence of other disorders
such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and hydrocephalus.

Objective:

In this paper, the primary objective is to develop a fully automated system that is capable of segmenting and calculating the diameters of structures
that are associated with the optic nerve in TOS images. These structures include the optic nerve diameter sheath (ONSD) and the optic nerve
diameter (OND).

Methods:

A fully convolutional neural network (FCN) model that has been pre-trained serves as the foundation for the segmentation method. The method
that was developed was utilized to collect 464 different photographs from 110 different people, and it was accomplished with the assistance of four
distinct pieces of apparatus.

Results:

An examination was carried out to compare the outcomes of the automatic measurements with those of a manual operator. Both OND and ONSD have a typical inaccuracy of -0.12 0.32 mm and 0.14 0.58 mm, respectively, when compared to the operator. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) for OND is 0.71, while the coefficient for ONSD is 0.64, showing that there is a positive link between the two measuring tools

Conclusion:

A conclusion may be drawn that the technique that was developed is automatic, and the average error (AE) that was reached for the ONSD
measurement is compatible with the ranges of inter-operator variability that have been discovered in the literature.
Amelioration of Neurochemical Alteration and Memory and Depressive Behavior in Sepsis by Allopurinol, a Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibitor
Authors: Metzker Kiuanne Lino Lobo , Mathias Khiany , Machado Richard Simon , Bonfante Sandra , Joaquim Larissa , da Silva Marina Goulart , Daros Guilherme Cabreira , Lins Elisa Mitkus Flores , Belle Fernanda , Alano Carolina Giassi , Matiola Rafaela Tezza , da Silva Lemos Isabela , Danielski Lucinéia Gainski , Gava Fernanda Frederico , de Bitencourt Rafael Mariano , Bobinski Franciane , Streck Emilio Luiz , Reus Gislaine Zilli , Petronilho Fabricia
Published: May 2024

Background:

In response to inflammation and other stressors, tryptophan is catalyzed by
Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase (TDO), which leads to activation of the kynurenine pathway. Sepsis is
a serious condition in which the body responds improperly to an infection, and the brain is the
inflammation target in this condition.

Objective:

This study aimed to determine if the induction of TDO contributes to the permeability of
the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), mortality, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial
dysfunction, besides long-term behavioral alterations in a preclinical model of sepsis.

Methods:

Male Wistar rats with two months of age were submitted to the sepsis model using Cecal
Ligation and Perforation (CLP). The rats received allopurinol (Allo, 20 mg/kg, gavage), a TDO
inhibitor, or a vehicle once a day for seven days.

Results:

Sepsis induction increased BBB permeability, IL-6 level, neutrophil infiltrate, nitric oxide
formation, and oxidative stress, resulting in energy impairment in 24h after CLP and Allo administration
restored these parameters. Regarding memory, Allo restored short-term memory impairment
and decreased depressive behavior. However, no change in survival rate was verified.

Conclusion:

In summary, TDO inhibition effectively prevented depressive behavior and memory
impairment 10 days after CLP by reducing acute BBB permeability, neuroinflammation, oxidative
stress, and mitochondrial alteration.
Systematic Review of Dispositional Determinants of Xenophobic Behaviours among South Africans: Implications for Psychological-based Intervention
Authors: Olaseni Abayomi O. , Adewoye Segun E.
Published: May 2024

Background

Despite pieces of evidence suggesting that one of the major motivations of Xenophobic behaviour is cognition, there are limited studies that have systematically reviewed the influence of psychological factors on Xenophobic behaviour. Therefore, this study set to conceptualise a psychological-based intervention by weighing the pieces of evidence from previous studies that examined the dispositional determinants of xenophobic behaviour in South Africa using structured systematic reviews.

Methods

The articles considered in this study were incorporated using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework of 2009. We performed a review search in PubMed, PsychINFO, Google Scholar, and Unisa Library for studies published between 2008 and February 2022.

Results

The outcome revealed that shared external locus of control, repression, displacement, and learned helplessness were major dispositional factors influencing reoccurring xenophobic behaviour.

Conclusion

It was concluded that dispositional factors precipitate/perpetuate xenophobic behaviours in South Africa, and implementation of the conceptualised intervention framework could forestall further occurrence. The organised body of psychology in South Africa should implement a National Cognitive Re-Orientation Programme (NCRP) to tackle and boost the internal locus of control of South Africans.