bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio‐Economic Inequalities in Beliefs About Cancer and its Causes: Evidence From two Population Surveys
Authors: Galicia Pacheco Sergio Iván , Catena Andrés , Sánchez María José , Rueda Maria del Mar , Aljarilla Sánchez Lucas , Costas Laura , Garrido Dunia , Garcia‐Retamero Rocio , Espina Carolina , Rodríguez‐Barranco Miguel , Petrova Dafina
Published: December 2024

Objective

People's beliefs about cancer can affect the actions they take to prevent and detect the disease. We investigated socio‐economic inequalities in beliefs about cancer and its causes in the general population.

Methods

We analyzed data from the representative probabilistic Spanish Oncobarometer survey (N = 4769, 2020) and the non‐probabilistic weight‐corrected Spanish Cancer Awareness Survey (N = 1029, 2022). Beliefs about cancer, recognition of cancer symptoms, and recognition of risk factors were measured with the Awareness and Beliefs about Cancer questionnaire. Endorsement of mythical causes was measured with the CAM‐Mythical Causes questionnaire. The effects of socio‐economic status (SES) were investigated in multiple regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, and personal and family cancer history.

Results

Individuals with lower SES were more likely to endorse pessimistic beliefs (e.g., “cancer is a death sentence”), and less likely to endorse optimistic beliefs about cancer (e.g., “people with cancer continue with normal activities”). Individuals with lower SES also recognized fewer cancer symptoms and risk factors and endorsed more mythical causes of cancer. The gap in knowledge regarding cancer causes was wider among people with low SES, who were more likely to endorse several mythical causes than some established risk factors included in cancer prevention recommendations.

Conclusions

Socio‐economic inequalities in beliefs about cancer are robust and multidimensional and indicate worse preparedness to act against the disease among lower socio‐economic groups. Differences in beliefs about disease outcomes and causes are likely one of the multiple contributors to cancer disparities and should be targeted and monitored in prevention efforts.
Comparison of the Incidence and Magnitude of Hyponatremia Among Patients With Poststroke Depression Receiving Either Escitalopram or Sertraline
Authors: Naseralallah Lina , Noureddine Zahra , Koryash Somaya
Published: December 2024

Depression is the most frequent psychiatric condition experienced in stroke survivors. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are frequently used as first‐line antidepressants; however, they have been strongly associated with hyponatremia which, in poststroke patients, can worsen outcomes. This study aims to determine and compare the incidence and magnitude of hyponatremia and potential risk factors in patients receiving either escitalopram or sertraline for the management of poststroke depression (PSD). A retrospective observational study involving all hospitalized patients who received either escitalopram or sertraline for the treatment of PSD. Electronic medical records were reviewed over a 5‐year period with data collected on various demographic, laboratory, comorbidity, and medication‐related variables. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. A total of 401 patients met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 36.7% of patients experienced hyponatremia, with 67 (38.3%) cases in patients receiving escitalopram and 76 (33.6%) in sertraline group. The median drop in sodium level from baseline was 5 mmol/L in both groups; with the majority of cases being of mild nature (73.1% and 69.7% for escitalopram and sertraline, respectively). Findings from the multivariate logistic regression did not yield a model with significant association (p = 0.353). Escitalopram and sertraline were both associated with an increased risk of hyponatremia in poststroke patients, with most cases being mild. There was no significant difference between treatment arms regarding the incidence or magnitude of hyponatremia. Caution should be exercised when prescribing escitalopram or sertraline.
Symbiotic bacteria play crucial roles in a herbivorous mite host suitability
Authors: Hu Yue , Wang Mei‐Ling , Yang Ruo‐Lan , Shao Zi‐Kai , Du Yun‐Hao , Kang Yi , Zhu Yu‐Xi , Xue Xiao‐Feng
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

The tomato russet mite (TRM), Aculops lycopersici, is a strictly herbivorous and economically significant pest that infests Solanaceae plants, but its host suitability varies, showing high performance on tomatoes. Although symbiotic bacteria have been suggested to play crucial roles in the host adaptation of herbivores, their effects on TRM remain unclear.

RESULTS

In this study, using next generation high‐throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA data, we identified the bacterial diversity and community composition of TRM feeding on tomato, eggplant, and chili. Our results show no significant difference in the bacterial community composition of TRM across three host plants. However, the relative density of Escherichia coli (TRM_Escherichia) showed 9.36‐fold higher on tomato than on eggplant and chili. These results align with the observed TRM performance among three host plants. When TRM_Escherichia was reduced using antibiotics, the treated TRM decreased the population density on tomato. However, when we transferred TRM from eggplant to tomato, the population density of TRM increased, coinciding with an increase of the TRM_Escherichia density. These results indicate that TRM_Escherichia may affect the host suitability of TRM. Our fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results further showed that TRM_Escherichia is primarily distributed in the salivary glands. Metagenomic data results suggest that TRM_Escherichia functions in food digestion and energy metabolism.

CONCLUSION

We provided the first comprehensive analysis of TRM bacterial communities. Our findings demonstrate that the symbiotic bacterium TRM_Escherichia may play crucial roles in the suitability of TRM feeding on different Solanaceae hosts. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Study of fog dissipation in an internal boundary layer on Sable Island
Authors: Bardoel Stef L. , Hoch Sebastian , Ruiz‐Plancarte Jesus , Lenain Luc , Gultepe Ismail , Grachev Andrey A. , Gaberšek Saša , Wang Qing , Fernando Harindra J. S.
Published: December 2024

An interesting fog dissipation event was observed during the Fog and Turbulence Interactions in the Marine Atmosphere (FATIMA) Grand Banks field campaign, where a fog‐free region appeared immediately downstream of Sable Island as fog advected past it. This fog‐free region was predicted a priori by a high‐resolution numerical model that guided intensive operational periods of the FATIMA campaign, and its presence was adumbrated by GOES satellite observations. A comprehensive set of field observations shows that this fog‐free layer was due to the development of a (daytime) thermal internal boundary layer (IBL) that grew with distance from the leading shore line. The net incoming radiation following sunrise led to an increased air temperature and decreased relative humidity close to the ground, thus dissipating fog over the island. The height of the thermal IBL, as identified by the thickness of the superadiabatic layer, was found to be consistent with several available theoretical IBL formulae.
Analysis of Sulfate Compounds From Sanguisorbae Radix and Its Major Metabolites in Rats by UPLC‐MS/MS and Molecular Docking
Authors: Wang Qing , Huo Zhipeng , Han Bingjing , Sun Yujing , Lei Lei , Xu Weitong , Song Zhaohui , He Yi
Published: December 2024

Rationale

Sanguisorbae Radix that mainly contains tannins and phenolic compounds has been widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine for treating hemafecia, hemorrhoids metrorrhagia and metrostaxis in clinics. However, there is no report about the sulfate phenolic compounds in Sanguisorbae Radix.

Methods

Extraction of Sanguisorbae Radix was separated and purified by polyamide resin and octadecyl silane‐bonded silica, which were analyzed by HPLC‐IT‐TOF/MS. Analysis of rat plasma and urine samples using UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS. Finally, the newly discovered sulfate esters in Sanguisorbae Radix were investigated by molecular docking to find out the linkage and the possible mechanism to psoriasis.

Results

The chemical structures of methyl‐3‐O‐methylgallate‐5‐O‐sulfate and methyl‐3‐O‐methylgallate were elucidated by the spectral data of HRESIMS and NMR. In addition, 6 sulfate compounds were rapidly identified in Sanguisorbae Radix for the first time, among which 3 sulfate compounds were new natural products. Sixteen prototypes and 11 metabolites were found in rat plasma and urine samples, including 6 sulfate phenolic compounds, and their metabolic pathways in vivo were inferred. Molecular docking technique was used to validate the binding activity of methyl‐3‐O‐methylgallate‐5‐O‐sulfate to psoriasis‐related target proteins.

Conclusions

In this study, sulfate phenolic compounds with high content in Sanguisorbae Radix and biological samples were isolated and characterized by modern spectroscopic techniques, which may provide a theoretical basis for the study of the pharmacological activity and quality control of Sanguisorbae Radix and development of sulfate drugs with a similar structure.
Histiocyte‐rich ROS1‐rearranged inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the trachea: A rare neoplasm presenting with asthma‐like symptoms
Authors: Kwok Chin Tong , Tsang Jason Cheuk Ho , Lam Mary , Ho Sandy Sze Ki , Yuen Chi Sum , Yeung Yiu Cheong
Published: December 2024

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour is a rare tumour. We present an atypical case of Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour which was trachea in location, histocyte rich and ROS1 rearranged. The patient presented with upper airway obstruction, which was an asthma mimic. The tumour demonstrated rapid recurrence after mechanical coring, which subsequently controlled with radiotherapy.
Synthesis of Aluminum Complexes Based on 2,6‐Bis(2‐hydroxyphenyl)Pyridines: Efficient Initiators for Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters
Authors: Serova Valeriia A. , Lykov Artem V. , Mankaev Badma N. , Agaeva Milana U. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Chernikova Elena V. , Zabalov Maxim V. , Egorov Mikhail P. , Karlov Sergey S.
Published: December 2024

The search for new initiators based on nontoxic metal complexes, allowing for the controlled production of polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactide (PLA) is an actual task. In the present work, we report the synthesis of aluminum complexes 6a and 6b based on substituted 2,6‐bis(2‐hydroxyphenyl)pyridine pro‐ligands. The compositions and structures of the novel compounds were established by elemental analysis and 1H, 13C, NMR spectroscopy in the solid state by X‐ray diffraction analysis (6a and 6b). All the synthesized aluminum complexes are monomeric. Complexes 6a and 6b (in presence of benzyl alcohol (BnOH)) turned out to be active in the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL), L‐, rac‐lactide (L‐, rac‐LA) gave PCL and PLA with high molecular weights. The mechanism of the polymerization reaction for compounds С, 6a, and 6b was also investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) method. The substituent effect analyzed in terms of percent buried volume and non‐covalent interactions. The values of calculated Gibbs free activation energies correspond to the trend found experimentally.
Tailoring the Electrode Interface Microenvironment to Stabilize Zn Metal Anode
Authors: Hou Weiping , Gao Yuliang , Huang Shifeng , Tian Penghui , Cao Yanjiao , Han Chenhui , Gu Xiaojun , Wu Limin
Published: December 2024

Zn metal is the most attractive anode material for aqueous batteries, yet it encounters challenges from dendrites. Here, based on lanthanum trifluoromethanesulfonate (La(OTf)3)‐based electrolyte, the idea of tailoring the electrode interface microenvironment (ion concentration, solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and electric field) is proposed to stabilize the Zn metal anode. The theoretical and experimental results show that the reconstruction of the electrolyte microstructure by OTf− and the capture of SO42− by La3+ enhance the liquid‐phase mass transfer, which alleviates the ion concentration gradient on the anode surface. Meanwhile, the electrolyte decomposes to form a favorable inorganic‐rich SEI. Importantly, the adsorbed La3+ homogenizes the electric field intensity at the tip of the anode surface. Benefiting from the improved interface microenvironment, the Zn electrodeposition behavior is efficiently regulated, endowing the self‐elimination behavior of the regenerated dendrites. As a proof‐of‐concept, the Zn metal anode shows a highly reversible plating/stripping cycling in both Zn||Cu (7000 cycles) and Zn||Zn cells (3600 h). Also, the NH4V4O10||Zn pouch cell operates stably for over 500 cycles and exhibits a low‐gassing behavior.
Optimizing Electrocatalysis and Domain Effects of Graphene on Li2S Cathodes for High‐Efficient‐Stable Li─S Batteries
Authors: Zhang Junfan , Zhao Bo , Qian Mengmeng , Yu Chuguang , Mao Pengcheng , Xie Jing , Huang Jia‐Qi , Wu Feng , Tan Guoqiang
Published: December 2024

Reducing the initial activation barrier of Li2S is crucial for enhancing the coulomb efficiency and cycle life of Li─S batteries. Herein two Li2S‐graphene cathode architectures are constructed and investigated the electrocatalytic and domain effects of two graphene on Li2S. Systematic studies reveal an unprecedented relevancy between Li2S activation and graphene electrocatalysis, as well as an intrinsic relationship between Li2S stability and the graphene domain. A dramatically reduced initial activation potential of 2.8 V is achieved via the S─C bonding electrocatalysis of Li2S−graphene structure, much lower than the initial activation potential of 3.68 V triggered by two‐phase electrocatalysis of Li2S/graphene composite. Density functional theory calculations offer mechanism insights into the electrocatalytic effect of S─C bonding on reduced overpotential, and in situ NMR provides solid evidence for the confinement effect of core‐shell structure on enhanced cyclability. Notably, a specially designed Li2S@graphene cathode with core‐shell structure and S─C interactions exhibit both superior electrocatalytic activation and electrochemical reversibility, enabling Li─S battery promising electrochemical properties, including low charge–discharge overpotential, high specific capacity, and excellent cycling performance. More importantly, it demonstrates excellent chemical compatibility within various electrolytes. This study provides valuable theoretical insights for the development of high‐performance Li2S‐graphene cathode materials.
Long‐Range Anion Correlations Mediating Dynamic Anharmonicity and Contributing to Glassy Thermal Conductivity in Well‐Ordered K2Ag4Se3
Authors: Li Fan , Liu Xin , Yang Jiawei , Wang Xin‐Ye , Yang Yi‐Chang , Ma Ni , Chen Ling , Wu Li‐Ming
Published: December 2024

Herein an extremely low (0.32‒0.25 Wm−1K−1) and glassy temperature‐dependence (300–600 K) of lattice thermal conductivity (κlat) in a monoclinic K2Ag4Se3 is reported. It is found that the effective carrier delocalization, contributed by the perfect p−d* hybridization paradigm, can efficiently facilitate the spatial transfer of electron cloud perturbations induced by the anisotropic thermal vibrations of Ag4 atoms, thereby favoring long‐range Se‒Se correlations. The localized rattling‐like vibration of Ag4 atoms induce short phonon lifetimes, large scattering phase space, and then a low particle‐like propagation. While the correlated interactions mediated competitive expressions between bubble diagrams and loop diagrams can suppress the generation of wavelike phonons from off‐diagonal coupling. Ultimately, the AgSe3 structural units can enable the dual confinement of both the particle‐like propagation of phonons and wavelike tunneling of coherence. The study highlights that the correlated AgSe3 coordination units can simultaneously target particle‐like and wavelike phonons and then reduce their contribution to the κlat by mediating long‐range transfer of charge polarization. These fundamental advances will advance the design of crystalline materials with tailored thermal properties.
General Expression of Best Equivariant Estimators of Regression Coefficients in Seemingly Unrelated Regression Models
Authors: Matsuura Shun , Kurata Hiroshi
Published: December 2024

Seemingly unrelated regression models have been commonly employed as regression models with multiple explanatory variables and multiple response variables having cross‐correlations. This paper discusses equivariant estimation of the regression coefficient vector and derives the best equivariant estimator under a generalized quadratic loss function. The result of this paper is shown to include the results of previous best equivariant estimators under specific loss functions as special cases.
Numerical study on the flexural and shear behavior of steel fiber and high‐strength steel combination in ultra‐high‐performance fiber‐reinforced concrete beams under cyclic loading
Authors: Nasiri Havre , Pourbaba Masoud , Lotfollahi Yaghin Mohammad Ali
Published: December 2024

Fiber‐reinforced concrete consists of hydraulic cement, water, aggregate, and discrete fibers, making it a composite material. These fibers, available in different shapes, sizes, and materials such as steel, polymer, glass, and natural fibers, are commonly utilized in structural applications. The tensile strength of conventional concrete tends to decrease as micro‐cracks develop rapidly under applied stresses. However, incorporating closely spaced fibers can hinder the progression of micro‐cracks, leading to a substantial improvement in both tensile and flexural strengths of concrete. Furthermore, fibers can delay the initiation of tensile cracks, effectively enhancing concrete's ability to withstand tensile strains before failure. As a result, fiber‐reinforced concrete exhibits increased durability and enhanced resistance to impacts compared to plain concrete. This study aims to evaluate and compare the cyclic flexural behavior of a cantilever beam constructed from ultra‐high‐performance fiber‐reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) using reinforcing bars made of high‐strength steel (HSS). The beams contain varying relative proportions of longitudinal reinforcement and steel fibers. Various key performance parameters of the cantilever beam were thoroughly examined, such as load capacity, flexural ductility, failure mode, hysteresis response, energy dissipation, and hardness. The study demonstrated that UHPFRC beams with HSS exhibit good cyclic flexural performance prior to failure.
Structural Optimization Design of Vacuum Interrupter Based on Transient Electric Field Distribution
Authors: Ding Can , Shi Yudong , Liu Jiayu , Jia Zhenwei
Published: December 2024

As the core device of vacuum circuit breaker, the insulation performance of the interrupter is closely related to the internal structure. In this paper, the electric field distribution of arc interrupter under simulated lightning impulse overvoltage is studied. It is found that the instantaneous electric field intensity is at a high level and the electric field uniformity is poor under lightning impulse. In order to further improve the electric field distribution of the interrupter, this paper proposes a method based on the combination of neural network and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to optimize the important structural parameters of the interrupter. A neural network model was established with suspension shield length (L1), suspension shield radius (R1), end shield radius (R2), contact plate thickness (H1) and end shield length (H2) as inputs, and the maximum electric field strength and the uniformity of electric field on both sides of the static and dynamic contacts as outputs, respectively. The structure of the vacuum interrupter was optimized by PSO algorithm. The optimization results show that: When the structural parameters of the vacuum interrupter H1 are 4.6 mm, H2 is 20 mm, R1 is 3.6 mm, R2 is 3.4 mm and L1 is 110 mm, the electric field distribution of the interrupter is obviously improved, and the electric field distribution of the optimized structure can also be well improved under the power frequency operating voltage. Its electric field intensity between the electrode is significantly low. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
A Hybrid Caching Scheme with Dynamic Forwarding Strategy in Information‐Centric Network
Authors: Dey Ashim , Asaduzzaman  , Arefin Mohammad Shamsul , Dhar Pranab Kumar , Shimamura Tetsuya
Published: December 2024

In this era of huge data traffic, the information‐centric network (ICN) is a switching strategy from conventional host‐centric communication to a new data‐centric one. In‐network caching an integral part of ICN can reduce the shortcomings of today's location‐based internet paradigm. As ICN has limited caching capability, the decision of optimal routing and content placement are the major challenges. In this study, we suggest a hybrid caching with a dynamic forwarding (HCDF) strategy which takes advantage of the off‐path hash routing scheme and on‐path caching scheme. To facilitate both caching schemes, a fraction of the caching space is allotted in each cache node for local caching. At the user‐end segment, an estimation‐based content placement (ECP) policy is designed using content popularity state and cache node position. This policy helps to cache popular content near the consumer's location using the shared cache space. At the server‐end segment, the HCDF scheme dynamically selects the most appropriate routing strategy among three strategies (symmetric, asymmetric, and multicast) based on hop count and path stretch. To demonstrate the effectiveness of HCDF, extensive simulation on real‐world internet topologies has been carried out. From our investigation, it is observed that the suggested approach exhibits an impressive performance in terms of cache hit, latency, and average link load compared to other standard hash routing and well‐known on‐path caching schemes. © 2024 The Author(s). IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering published by Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Transforming the game: Rethinking leadership and character development in contemporary athletics
Authors: Luzynski Cheyenne C. , Athans Peter , Harding Jawauna
Published: December 2024

Sport plays a crucial role in personal and collective development, reflecting core values and serving as a platform for holistic growth. As athletics, especially intercollegiate sports, face increasing pressures and challenges, the need for leadership training and character development has become more critical than ever. This article emphasizes the importance of empowering student–athletes and rethinking leadership training to adapt to the evolving sports landscape. Recommendations are provided to help coaches, administrators, and athletic departments harness the transformative power of sport to develop critical leadership and life skills in young athletes.
A Home Affairs Approach
Authors: Carrera Sergio , Colombi Davide
Published: December 2024

The 2019–2024 VDL Commission maintained the division between home affairs and justice.
Potential compensatory mechanisms preserving cardiac function in myotubular myopathy
Authors: Simon Alix , Diedhiou Nadège , Reiss David , Goret Marie , Grandgirard Erwan , Laporte Jocelyn
Published: December 2024

X-Linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is characterized by severe skeletal muscle weakness and reduced life expectancy. The pathomechanism and the impact of non-muscular defects affecting survival, such as liver dysfunction, are poorly understood. Here, we investigated organ-specific effects of XLMTM using the Mtm1−/y mouse model. We performed RNA-sequencing to identify a common mechanism in different skeletal muscles, and to explore potential phenotypes and compensatory mechanisms in the heart and the liver. The cardiac and hepatic function and structural integrity were assessed both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings revealed no defects in liver function or morphology. A disease signature common to several skeletal muscles highlighted dysregulation of muscle development, inflammation, cell adhesion and oxidative phosphorylation as key pathomechanisms. The heart displayed only mild functional alterations without obvious structural defects. Transcriptomic analyses revealed an opposite dysregulation of mitochondrial function, cell adhesion and beta integrin trafficking pathways in cardiac muscle compared to skeletal muscles. Despite this dysregulation, biochemical and cellular experiments demonstrated that these pathways were strongly affected in skeletal muscle and normal in cardiac muscle. Moreover, biomarkers reflecting the molecular activity of MTM1, such as PtdIns3P and dynamin 2 levels, were increased in the skeletal muscles but not in cardiac muscle. Overall, these data suggest a compensatory mechanism preserving cardiac function, pointing to potential therapeutic targets to cure the severe skeletal muscle defects in XLMTM.
Graph manifolds that admit arbitrarily many Anosov flows
Authors: Clay Adam , Pinsky Tali
Published: December 2024

For each natural number n, we construct an example of a graph manifold supporting at least n different Anosov flows that are not orbit equivalent. Our construction is reminiscent of the Thurston-Handel construction [11]: we cut a geodesic flow on a surface of constant negative curvature into two pieces, modify the flow in each piece by pulling back to finite covers, and glue together compatible pairs of pullback flows along their boundary tori to get many distinct flows on the resulting graph manifold.
Quillen stratification in equivariant homotopy theory
Authors: Barthel Tobias , Castellana Natàlia , Heard Drew , Naumann Niko , Pol Luca
Published: December 2024

We prove a version of Quillen’s stratification theorem in equivariant homotopy theory for a finite group $G$
G
, generalizing the classical theorem in two directions. Firstly, we work with arbitrary commutative equivariant ring spectra as coefficients, and secondly, we categorify it to a result about equivariant modules. Our general stratification theorem is formulated in the language of equivariant tensor-triangular geometry, which we show to be tightly controlled by the non-equivariant tensor-triangular geometry of the geometric fixed points. We then apply our methods to the case of Borel-equivariant Lubin–Tate $E$
E
-theory $\underline{E_{n}}$

E
n

_

, for any finite height $n$
n
and any finite group $G$
G
, where we obtain a sharper theorem in the form of cohomological stratification. In particular, this provides a computation of the Balmer spectrum as well as a cohomological parametrization of all localizing ⊗-ideals of the category of equivariant modules over $\underline{E_{n}}$

E
n

_

, thereby establishing a finite height analogue of the work of Benson, Iyengar, and Krause in modular representation theory.
Reordered Computable Numbers
Authors: Janicki Philip
Published: December 2024

A real number is called left-computable if there exists a computable increasing sequence of rational numbers converging to it. In this article we are investigating a proper subset of the left-computable numbers. We say that a real number x is reordered computable if there exist a computable function $$f :\mathbb {N} \rightarrow \mathbb {N}$$

f
:
N
→
N

with $$\sum _{k=0}^{\infty } 2^{-f(k)} = x$$

∑

k
=
0

∞

2

-
f
(
k
)

=
x

and a bijective function $$\sigma :\mathbb {N} \rightarrow \mathbb {N}$$

σ
:
N
→
N

such that the rearranged series $$\sum _{k=0}^{\infty } 2^{-f(\sigma (k))}$$

∑

k
=
0

∞

2

-
f
(
σ
(
k
)
)

converges computably. In this article we will give some examples and counterexamples for reordered computable numbers and we will show that these numbers are closed under addition, multiplication and the Solovay reduction. Finally, we will also present a density theorem for reordered computable numbers.
Estimation of missing third-law standard entropy of apatite supergroup minerals using the optimized Volume-based Thermodynamics
Authors: Puzio Bartosz , Manecki Maciej
Published: December 2024

The thermodynamic characterization of apatite minerals, critical for understanding geological processes and material applications, faces significant challenges due to the scarcity of experimental data, particularly standard entropy (S°) values. In this study, we address this gap by optimization of predictive method based on Volume-based Thermodynamics. In the proposed method, the optimization of the widely used Volume-based Thermodynamics is based on breaking down a single linear functional relationship of formula unit volume (V
m) with S° into a set of linear equations. The apatite supergroup splits into distinct subgroups (populations) formed by Me10(AO4)6X2 with the same Me2+ cations and tetrahedral AO4
3− anions but with different anions at the X position. Our approach leverages empirical correlations between V
m and S° within specific apatite subgroups. By analyzing the correlations within the subgroups, we established the system of precise linear relationships between S° and V
m, facilitating accurate S° predictions for a wide range of apatite compositions. The proposed approach represents a significant advancement over existing predictive methods offering unparalleled accuracy in estimating S° values for apatite minerals. Through rigorous regression analysis and validation against experimental data, we demonstrate the reliability and robustness of our predictive model across various apatite subgroups. Our findings provide crucial thermodynamic data for understudied apatite compositions and shed light on fundamental relationships between crystal structure and thermodynamic properties in apatite minerals. The precise estimation of S° values enables more accurate modeling of phase equilibria, reaction kinetics, and geological processes involving apatite minerals, facilitating advancements in diverse fields ranging from environmental geochemistry to material science.
Neutrophil but not lymphocyte response to matched interval and continuous running differs between protocols and sex
Authors: Adammek F. , Belen S. , Metcalfe A. , Weißhaar F. , Joisten N. , Walzik D. , Zimmer P.
Published: December 2024

When considering the acute effects of different modalities of endurance training on cellular immune components, the matching of duration and mean intensity and the consideration of sex-dependent differences have received less attention so far. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of interval running (IR) vs. continuous running (CR) on circulating immune cells and cellular immune inflammation markers. Additionally, we analyze sex-dependent differences in these effects. In a cross-over study design, 24 recreational runners completed a mean intensity and duration-matched session of IR and CR. Blood samples were taken immediately before, after, and 1 h after exercise cessation for cell counts and cortisol level quantification. Neutrophil counts showed a sustained increase after both exercise modalities with significantly greater values after IR compared to CR at 1 h after exercise and greater increases in females. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and systemic immune-inflammation index increased 1 h after exercise with significantly higher values after IR compared to CR with greater values in females. Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio decreased in both immediately after IR and 1 h after exercise in both sexes and modalities. The cortisol level shows a lower value immediately after CR compared to IR with no sex-dependent differences. The IR protocol induces greater immune cell mobilizations in comparison to CR, which is primarily based on a systemic increase in neutrophil counts. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and systemic immune-inflammation index are suitable to distinguish this effect between training modalities. Sex-dependent differences confirm that biological sex influences the immune cells response to acute exercise.

Protocol registration: German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00017686, Date of registration: 11.02.2020.
Respiratory outcomes of onasemnogene abeparvovec treatment for spinal muscular atrophy: national real-world cohort study
Authors: Lavie Moran , Rochman Mika , Armoni Domany Keren , Golan Tripto Inbal , Be’er Moria , Besor Omri , Sagi Liora , Aharoni Sharon , Ginsberg Mira , Noyman Iris , Levine Hagit
Published: December 2024

Onasemnogene abeparvovec (OA) is a novel gene replacement therapy for patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). This study provides real-world respiratory data for pediatric SMA patients receiving OA who were assessed before and one year after treatment in a multicenter cohort study conducted from 2019 to 2021. Twenty-five OA-treated SMA patients (23 with type 1 and 2 with type 2; median age at treatment 6.1 months, with a range of 0.36–23 months) were included. Sixteen were treatment-naïve, and nine had received various prior treatments. Two patients died due to respiratory failure during the study period. Of the remaining 23 patients, four were put on non-invasive ventilation (NIV), bringing ventilated patients to a total of ten during the post-treatment year. Three patients required permanent NIV support, while 13 did not require any respiratory support. Ventilation time decreased from 14.3 to 11.1 hours per day, and respiratory hospitalizations decreased by 26% (from 0.76 to 0.57 per life year). Fifteen of the 23 patients maintained full oral nutrition at study closure compared to 20 of the 25 at study initiation. This real-world data analysis demonstrates that OA may improve respiratory outcomes in SMA patients. Importantly, compounding factors, such as age at treatment initiation, treatment combinations, and natural history, may influence the respiratory course, thus highlighting the need for standardized long-term management.

What is Known:
• Respiratory failure is a leading cause of mortality in untreated spinal muscular atrophy type 1 patients.
• Onasemnogene abeparvovec (OA) improves neurological outcomes, but real-world respiratory data are limited.

What is New:
• Our real-world analysis suggests OA may improve respiratory outcomes.
• Age at treatment and treatment combinations may also influence respiratory trajectory.
Upper Airway Sensory Testing in Dysphagia – Implications for Clinical Practice and Future Research Directions
Authors: Regio Norita , Hutton Ruby , Wallace Emma S.
Published: December 2024

Adequate upper airway (oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal) sensation is crucial for safe and efficient swallowing and airway protection. Despite its importance, methods of upper airway sensory testing for individuals with dysphagia remain poorly defined. The aim of this study was to summarise and appraise current methods of upper airway sensory testing to inform dysphagia clinical practice and future research directions. A systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies that reported a method of upper airway sensory testing in individuals with dysphagia were included. Of the 1187 studies identified and screened, 54 met the inclusion criteria. Four types of upper airway sensory testing were reported: Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing with Sensory Testing (n = 31), Cough Reflex Testing (n = 22), Gag Reflex Testing (n = 5) and Gustatory (taste) Testing (n = 2). Indeterminate “tests of sensory function” (n = 2) were also reported. Variability in methods was evident across studies and reporting was insufficient for reliable replication. This review provides a comprehensive overview of methods of upper airway sensory testing in the dysphagia literature for dysphagia clinicians and researchers. The results indicate a need to develop a valid and reliable upper airway sensory testing protocol for individuals with dysphagia to improve assessment and targeted treatments.
Comparison of outcomes between surgery and chemoradiotherapy after endoscopic resection for pT1a-MM with lymphovascular invasion or pT1b esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Japanese multicenter propensity score-matched study
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshinobu , Ishihara Ryu , Kawakubo Hirofumi , Nishikawa Michiko , Yamamoto Sachiko , Kadota Tomohiro , Abe Seiichiro , Yoshida Masao , Tanaka Tsutomu , Nagano Hiroaki , Nakanishi Hiroyoshi , Yoshizaki Tetsuya , Waki Kotaro , Takahashi Akiko , Kitagawa Yoshiyasu , Mizuno Kenichi , Kawada Kenro , Kono Yoshiyasu , Katada Chikatoshi , Hashimoto Takashi , Nagami Yasuaki , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Shimokawa Toshio , Nihei Keiji , Koyanagi Kazuo , Kato Ken , Yano Tomonori , Muto Manabu , Kitagawa Yuko
Published: December 2024

Background

Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) or pT1b is noncurative after endoscopic resection (ER) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and therefore surgery or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is recommended. However, there has been debate regarding which treatment has better outcomes and whether individual risks should be considered.

Methods

This was a multicenter, retrospective study conducted at 65 hospitals in Japan. The inclusion criteria were patients with ESCC who underwent ER between January 2006 and December 2015, with pT1a-muscularis mucosa (MM) with LVI or pT1b, with negative vertical margins, cN0M0, and who underwent surgery or CRT. A 1:1 propensity score-matched analysis was performed between two groups. The primary and secondary end points were overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). OS and RFS were also compared between two subgroups: low risk (pT1a-MM with LVI and pT1b without LVI) and high risk (pT1b with LVI) for metastatic recurrence.

Results

Among 472 patients, 160 patients were selected from each group. The OS and RFS did not differ between surgery and CRT groups (hazard ratio, 0.887; P = .635 and hazard ratio, 1.036; P = .876, respectively). Subgroup analysis showed that CRT had a better prognosis in the low-risk group, and conversely, surgery had a better prognosis in the high-risk group. But these were not significant. The high-risk CRT group had a significant worse prognosis than the low-risk CRT group.

Conclusions

In patients with noncurative ER for ESCC, surgery and CRT showed no difference in long-term outcomes. Indications for CRT in the high-risk group need further investigation because of poor prognosis.
Osteolysis after cervical disc arthroplasty with artificial cervical disc
Authors: Silva Tavares Joana Margarida , Jácome Morgado Diogo Maria , Seromenho Santos Nora Alexandra , Lopes Luís Ana Isabel
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Cervical total disc arthroplasty (TDA) is a motion-preserving alternative to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion that has gained popularity among spine surgeons. Although generally effective, TDA has been associated with rare cases of progressive osteolysis, a complication whose natural history and impact on clinical outcomes are not well understood. This case report aims to present a case of progressive osteolysis following cervical TDA with the SpinalKinetics® M6-C Artificial Cervical Disc and to discuss the clinical approach and implications for patient management.

Methods

We reviewed the clinical course of a patient who underwent cervical TDA with the SpinalKinetics® M6-C Artificial Cervical Disc and subsequently developed progressive osteolysis. The patient’s symptoms, diagnostic findings, and treatment progression were documented, with a focus on the timing of symptom onset, imaging, and the therapeutic interventions applied.

Results

The patient demonstrated a delayed onset of symptoms related to osteolysis, which was identified through CT imaging as a progressive complication. The slow progression of osteolysis in this case underscores the need for careful monitoring, as early symptoms may be subtle but can lead to significant clinical implications if unaddressed.

Conclusion

This case highlights the potential for progressive osteolysis as a complication following cervical TDA, emphasizing the importance of ongoing surveillance and increased awareness among spine surgeons. Early identification and monitoring of osteolysis may mitigate the risk of severe outcomes and guide timely intervention.
On efficient 3D object retrieval
Authors: Liu Hao , Wong Raymond Chi-Wing
Published: December 2024

Due to the growth of the 3D technology, digital 3D models represented in the form of point clouds have attracted a lot of attention from both industry and academia. In this paper, due to a variety of applications, we study a fundamental problem called the 3D object retrieval, which is to find a set of 3D point clouds stored in a database that are similar to a given query 3D point cloud. To the best of our knowledge, solving the problem of 3D object retrieval efficiently remains unexplored in the research community. In this paper, we propose a framework called C

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2

O to find the answer efficiently with the help of an index built on the database. In most of our experiments, C

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2

O performs up to 2 orders of magnitude faster than all adapted algorithms in the literature. In particular, when the database size scales up to 100 million points, C

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2

O answers the 3D object retrieval within 10 s but all adapted exact algorithms need more than 1000 s.
Pexidartinib and standard neoadjuvant therapy in the adaptively randomized I-SPY2 trial for early breast cancer
Authors: Rugo Hope S. , Campbell Mike , Yau Christina , Jo Chien A. , Wallace Anne M. , Isaacs Claudine , Boughey Judy C. , Han Hyo S. , Buxton Meredith , Clennell Julia L. , Asare Smita M. , Steeg Katherine , Wilson Amy , Singhrao Ruby , Matthews Jeffrey B. , Perlmutter Jane , Fraser Symmans W. , Hylton Nola M. , DeMichele Angela M. , Yee Douglas , Van’t Veer Laura J. , Berry Donald A. , Esserman Laura J.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

We investigated the small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase-inhibitor of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor pexidartinib in the stage II/III breast cancer in the I-SPY2 platform trial.

Methods

I-SPY2 is an adaptive platform trial that features multiple arms of experimental agents administered on a background of standard neoadjuvant therapy with paclitaxel and adriamycin/cyclophosphamide, followed by definitive surgery. The adaptive randomization engine preferentially assigns patients based upon cumulative performance of each agent in a given breast cancer subtype based on hormone receptor and HER2 receptor status. The study endpoint is pathologic complete response.

Results

A total of 9 participants were randomized to receive pexidartinib with neoadjuvant paclitaxel before enrollment was halted due to a serious adverse event of vanishing bile duct syndrome. No participants received a full course of the study drug.

Conclusion

Although there remains interest in agents targeting CSF-1, hepatic toxicity appears to be a limiting factor for their use in early breast cancer.

Trial registration

NCT01042379 (www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01042379).
Improving the performance properties of plastic-sand bricks with Kaolin Clay
Authors: Gounden Kimendren , Mwangi Festus Maina , Mohan Turup Pandurangan , Kanny Krishnan
Published: December 2024

This study analyses the performance properties of plastic-sand bricks through experimental work on the use of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and river sand in the first stage using six different sand: plastic ratios (60s:40p; 65s:35p; 70s:30p; 75s:25p; 80s:20p; 85s:15p) and in the second stage the effects of adding 1%, 5%, and 10% of Kaolin Clay. Five different tests were conducted to assess the bricks’ resistance to environmental factors. The key findings indicate that the lowest water absorption rate of 0.39% was achieved with a 60s:40p ratio, attributed to the addition of 10% Kaolin Clay. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that Kaolin Clay effectively fills voids between particles, enhancing the structural integrity and reducing water absorption of the brick samples. Electrical resistance readings indicated that all plastic-sand brick samples had a resistance of 0.01 ohms, classifying the composite material as an insulator. Contact angle tests demonstrated that all brick samples resisted immediate water absorption, and no alkali deposits were detected. The lowest linear burning rate was observed in the 75s:25p ratio with a 10% addition of Kaolin Clay. Overall, the findings suggest that HDPE plastic waste can be repurposed to produce eco-friendly plastic-sand bricks, significantly mitigating environmental plastic waste. These composite materials show promise for use as bricks, pavers, and other non-load-bearing applications in the construction industry, providing a sustainable alternative to traditional building materials. This research highlights the potential for HDPE based plastic-sand bricks to contribute to a more sustainable construction sector.
Phase-Dependent Thermoluminescence Properties of Zinc Sulphide
Authors: Farouk Shrouk , Farouk Amany , El-Faramawy Nabil , Elewa Nancy N.
Published: December 2024

In the current study, the effects of heat treatment on the thermoluminescence (TL) and structural properties of zinc blend samples were studied. The samples were annealed after being heated for different time periods from 2 up to 10 h. The wurtzite hexagonal phase was observed upon heat treatment. It was observed that the presence of hexagonal phase with small percentage enhanced the thermoluminescence effect where the highest intensity was found to be for the sample with 8.2% wurtzite and 91.8% cubic zinc sulphide. The morphology of ZnS particles was studied by the HR-TEM analysis and it displayed an aggregated ZnS nanoparticles with almost uniform shape and size. The TL-glow curves for each sample were analysed using the Computerized Glow Curve Deconvolution (CGCD) and initial rise (IR) methods. Six trapping peaks exist between 0.98 and 1.45 eV through the deconvolution process. The number of peaks increased to 8 peaks for the fourth treatment, located between 0.95 and 1.56 eV. The activation energies and the frequency factors for getting traps were evaluated too.