bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Deep Web POI Acquisition based on Retrieving Word Optimization and Spatial Adaption
Authors: Wang Yong , Luo An , Liu Jiping , Cao Yuanhui
Published: July 2019

Abstract. POI data is a geographical information resource that is the most closely related to the public life, and has been successfully applied in various fields such as urban planning, urban logistics, and car navigation. With the development of technologies such as mobile networks and Internet of Things, the network contains a large number of high-value POI information resources. How to effectively acquire and utilize data resources has become a research hotspot in the field of spatial information. In this paper, a deep-web POI information search method based on independent coverage ranking and spatial adaptive partition is proposed to solve the problems of difficult construction of retrieval word base and limited data request. By constructing candidate search terms, searching greedily, optimizing dimensionality reduction of search terms, and crawling spatially adaptive partitioning, the maximum coverage optimal solution of POI search is approached step by step, and the full POI information of deep web is obtained. It is of great significance to improve the recall rate and collection efficiency of POI data for enriching geographic information resources and improving the ability of spatial information service and content management.
Influence of Viewing Field on Zoom Levels in Pedestrian Orientation Task Using Smartphones
Authors: Wei Bonan , Schiewe Jochen
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Psychological findings indicate that the scale of human perception has implications on optimal map design. According to the map-based orientation in the real environment, this viewing scale depends on the visual field and is graphically reproduced using zoom levels, which significantly influences the map display area on smartphones. However, it is still unclear how to determine these zoom levels in the pedestrian navigation application. The purpose of this article is to adapt the map display area to the location-related viewing field using a corresponding zoom level. This optimal map display area should make it easier for the pedestrians’ self-location and navigational decisions. The results of the experiments have shown that there was a close relationship between the viewing field and the zoom level on the smartphone. However, if the first decision point of changing direction was in the viewing field, the distance between the viewpoint (You-Are-Here point) and this decision point influenced the zoom level. Otherwise, this distance did not have any influence on the zoom level. In this case, the distance between the viewpoint and the local landmarks determined the zoom level.
Creating and evaluating web-based visualizations of multi-dimensional spatiotemporal data
Authors: Wilkening Jan , Han Keni , Jahnke Mathias
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In this article, we present a method for visualizing multi-dimensional spatio-temporal data in an interactive web-based geovisualization. Our case study focuses on publicly available weather data in Germany. After processing the data with Python and desktop GIS, we integrated the data as web services in a browser-based application. This application displays several weather parameters with different types of visualisations, such as static maps, animated maps and charts. The usability of the web-based geovisualization was evaluated with a free-examination and a goal-directed task, using eye-tracking analysis. The evaluation focused on the question how people use static maps, animated maps and charts, dependent on different tasks. The results suggest that visualization elements such as animated maps, static maps and charts are particularly useful for certain types of tasks, and that more answering time correlates with less accurate answers.
Application of Deep Learning for 3D building generalization
Authors: Wu Yue , Filippovska Yevgeniya , Schmidt Valentina , Kada Martin
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The generalization of 3D buildings is a challenging task, which needs to consider geometry information, semantic content and topology relations of 3D buildings. Although many algorithms with detailed and reasonable designs have been developed for the 3D building generalization, there are still cases that could be further studied. As a fast-growing technique, Deep Learning has shown its ability to build complex concepts out of simpler concepts in many fields. Therefore, in this paper, Deep Learning is used to solve the regression (generalization of individual 3D building) and classification problems (classification of roof type) simultaneously. Firstly, the test dataset is generated and labelled with the generalization results as well as the classification of roof types. Buildings with saddleback, half-hip, and hip roof are selected as the experimental objects since their generalization results can be uniformly represented by a common vector which aims to meet the compatible representation of Deep Learning. Then, the pre-trained ResNet50 is used as the baseline network. The optimal model capacity is searched within an extensive ablation study in the framework of the building generalization problem. After that, a multi-task network is built by adding a branch of classification to the above network, which is in parallel with the generalization branch. In the process of training, the imbalance problems of tasks and classes are solved by adjusting their donations to the total loss function. It is found that less error rate is obtained after adding a classification branch. For the final results, two improved metrics are used to evaluate the generalization performance. The accuracy of generalization reached over 95% for horizontal information and 85% for height, while the accuracy of classification reached 100% on the test dataset.
School Atlas with Augmented Reality
Authors: Yonov Nikola
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The aim of the paper is to describe the technology of creating and adding Augmented Reality to school atlas. No new atlas was created and there is no need of creating one. A current school atlas is used as a base for adding Augmented Reality. Different software, applications and tools for creating AR are presented for Windows, Android and iOS. All of them do not require previous knowledge of programming and are generally easier to use. The steps which a cartographer has to go through are presented, as well as the problems he/she meets and needs to solve in creating an atlas with AR. A classification of Augmented Reality devices is presented. A description of how the use of such technologies act as learning resources for students and its capability to effect learning outcomes is also presented.
Combined GPS and motion-tracker data for activity levels and various route selections in everyday travel
Authors: Yoshida Kaito , Nakajima Madoka , Morita Takashi
Published: July 2019

Abstract. This study used location and physical-activity data to test hypothesis that Tokyo’s residents exercise more because they walk to and from public transit stations for daily trips. An activity tracker and a mobile app were used by ten subjects over 48 days to collect data. Analysis of the dataset showed that on an average, all subjects walked over 10,000 steps per day and ∼40% of trips were taken in outdoor urban environments. Results also revealed that the subjects did not always take the shortest path between the origin and destination of a walking trip. These results suggest that urban residents choose routes of travel based on both internal and external factors, including the subjective effects of street design and personal preference.
Research on the Spatial Distribution Pattern of Producer Service Firms in Urban Harbin
Authors: Zhao Yangyang , Liu Jiping , Zhang Fuhao , Liu Meng
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The spatial distribution pattern of producer service firms is a significant part of the spatial distribution of industry. In this paper a strategy to get the spatial distribution pattern of producer service firms was proposed by using cartographic generalization, the local Getis-Ord Gi* statistic and overlay method. First, a basic geographic layer, main contained road and residential, should be drawn utilizing cartographic generalization. Second, an enterprise thematic layer, shown the agglomeration effect of producer service firms, was drawn using the local Getis-Ord Gi* statistic. Finally, get the spatial distribution pattern of producer service firms overlaying the basic geographic layer with enterprise thematic layer. Taking urban Harbin, China as a case study, an empirical study was conducted with data of producer service firms in 2016. The results indicated four distribution regions: (i) it showed the high hot agglomeration effect in centre urban Harbin; (ii) it appeared hot agglomeration effect in both north and south of centre urban Harbin; (iii) some of producer service firms randomly distributed in the surrounding area; and (iv) a fraction of producer service firms scattered in the peripheral area.
Research on event perception based on geo-tagged social media data
Authors: Zhu Ruoxin , Zuo Chenyu , Lin Diao
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Technological advancement makes information dissemination more convenient. When a notable event occurs, social media serves a popular platform for citizens to share event-related information. Therefore, in the information age, how to effectively observe the event and improve event management ability is an open question worthy of attention. Traditional social survey methods and various automatic sensors have been widely used to monitor the specific event. However, widely used social media service provides a unique approach for the event study with individuals as smart sensors. How to perceive an event through social media data has triggered a series of researches. Currently, we can find when, where what happened and induced impact based on geo-tagged social media data. However, event study based on social media is still in its infancy. This paper provides an overview of event study based on geo-tagged social media data. Firstly, we introduce the event model and the characteristics of social media data. Then, how to detect and trace event, how to analyze event impact and visually express obtained knowledge are discussed respectively. Subsequently, based on the existing researches, we propose further questions and conclude.
Collaborative Custodianship through Collaborative Cloud Mapping: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Coetzee Serena , Du Preez Jacques , Behr Franz-Josef , Cooper Antony K. , Odijk Martijn , Vanlishout Siegfried , Buyle Raf , Jobst Markus , Chauke Maroale , Fourie Nicolene , Schmitz Peter , Erwee Frikan
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Collaborative custodianship refers to an arrangement where a number of custodians work together to produce integrated datasets for a spatial data infrastructure (SDI), e.g. local authorities contributing address or street data to a national SDI dataset. Collaborative cloud mapping allows for ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand, configured and tailor-made mapping with resources shared between various entities collaborating on a specific initiative, such as an SDI or for disaster management. This paper presents the results of a workshop in South Africa during which case studies from the Netherlands, Belgium and Austria of collaborative custodianship of address data were presented, and OpenStreetMap as a case study of collaborative cloud mapping. Subsequently, challenges and opportunities for implementing similar initiatives in the context of the South African SDI were debated in break-away sessions. The results from these sessions were analysed using the PESTEL framework.
Static Risk Mapping of Forest Fires in the Case of the Province of Chefchaouen (Morocco)
Authors: Alasli Malak
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Forest fire is responsible for a lot of problems as it destroys the landscape. Such spaces are valuable and take very long to recover. Hence, the risk of forest fire consists primarily of both the risk of an outbreak and of propagation which depend, in addition to the weather, to a number of environmental factors including: the type of vegetation (structure and composition), its state of desiccation as well as the slope and exposure to prevailing winds. Therefore, the goal is to develop static hazard maps of a 100 m resolution related to the province of Chefchaouen where the focus is on three maps; Surface threatened; Annual pressure of fire; Probability map. The production of these maps is based on various data including statistics on the fire, meteorological references, and flammability. In addition, several data were generated, namely, wind direction, wind speed, humidity, the slope in percent, aspect, etc. The production of these maps will make it possible to orient and optimize the means of investment, in particular with regard to infrastructures, equipment and forest fire management operations.
Pedestrian Traffic Flow Prediction based on ANN Model and OSM Data
Authors: Cohen Achituv , Dalyot Sagi
Published: July 2019

Abstract. One of the main challenges that blind pedestrians have to cope with in their daily life is orientation and navigation while walking the urban space. In our previous research, a computerized network route calculation algorithm for blind pedestrians was developed, which relies on OpenStreetMap (OSM) mapping data, aimed at calculating optimal routes in terms of accessibility and safety. Despite the potential and practicability of our solution, critical mapping data is still missing in OSM to allow a comprehensive and scalable solution. One data type is related to pedestrian traffic flow that has been found to influence the path blind pedestrians will choose to walk. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) model, which allows learning and predicting different phenomena from training samples by investigating the correlation and effects among various environmental features, is developed and used to model and predict pedestrian traffic flow, while relying on the existing OSM data. To model the ANN, we have relied on parameters and factors related to the streets’ geometrical and topological configuration, as well as points of interest nearby, e.g., public transportation and shops, to name a few. The ANN model was trained using training samples of pedestrians traffic flow collected in the center of Tel-Aviv. Implementing the computed ANN model, nearly 90% of the testing data was successfully predicted. We believe that this ANN model can accurately generate new data, which together with the existing OSM data, can greatly contribute and augment the reliability of route calculation algorithms for blind pedestrians.
International Cartography Master graduates starting their career
Authors: Cron Juliane , Meng Liqiu , Bogucka Edyta P. , Gartner Georg , Burghardt Dirk , Kraak Menno-Jan , van Elzakker Corné , Ricker Britta
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Since its commencement eight years ago, the Cartography Master program has enrolled 155 students in eight annual intakes from 58 different countries. In this paper we share the experiences of the alumni of the first 5 intakes of the Cartography M.Sc. program that were gained via an online survey. Through the results of the survey we are able to answer the following questions: In which fields of work are our alumni getting involved? What kinds of businesses employ cartography alumni? In which countries are the graduates working? Furthermore, we would like to introduce some of our alumni: What are they doing now, how have they applied the things they learned during their studies in their careers and what message do they have for our future students? What do they consider as their most important achievements since graduation? What did they take with them from studying at four different universities? And how do they see their future?
Data Cleansing Method for Sparse Trajectory Data: A Case Study of Shared Electric Bicycles in Tengzhou
Authors: Dai Zhaoxin , Peng Weixiang , Zhang Chengcheng
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Location based service (LBS) technologies provides a new perspective for the spatiotemporal dynamics analysis of urban systems. Previous studies have been performed by using data of mobile communications, public transport vehicles (taxis and buses), wireless hotspots and shared bicycles. However, the analysis based on shared electric bicycles (e-bike) has yet to be studied in the literature. Data cleansing and the extraction of origin-destination (O-D) are prerequisites for the study of urban systems spatiotemporal patterns. In this study, based on a dataset that contains a week of shared e-bike GPS data in Tengzhou City (Shandong Province), sparse characteristics of discontinuities and non-uniformities of trajectory GPS and a lack of riding status are captured. Based on the characteristics and combining with the actual road, we proposed a method for the extraction of O-D pairs for every trajectory segments from continuous and stateless trajectory GPS data. This method cleans the incomplete and invalid trajectory records, which is suitable for sparse trajectory data. Finally, a week-long shared e-bike GPS data in Tengzhou City is scrubbed, and by sampling method, the extraction accuracy of 91% is verified. In summary, we provide a preliminary cleansing rules for the sparse trajectory data of shared e-bikes at the first time, which is highly reliable, and is suitable for data mining from other forms of sparse GPS trajectory data.
Pre-pottery Neolithic age spatial planning: The typo-morphology of the first urbanisation with reference to three Akarçay Tepe plaques
Authors: Eren Şirin Gülcen
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Every civilisation, based on its socioeconomic relations, designs its land regime by using a cadastral system, plans the ways in which its land will be used, and present these through maps or spatial plans. Akarçay Tepe Lined and Marked Limestone Plaques, the use reasons of which are unknown by the archaeology discipline, were originally found during excavations and are on exhibition in Şanlıurfa Museum in Turkey. The plaques have been dated back to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Age.This paper aims to present what Plaques from Akarçay Tepe actually refer to and the methodology of determination. It originates from a research study which was commenced in 2017 on the basis of the propositions that these Plaques are in fact, maps and spatial plans showing the land regime and topography at the time they were made. Spatial dimensions of three Akarçay Tepe plaques with reference to technical features are examined on the foundation of the urban planning discipline. The objective here is to make it possible to adjust the findings of an archaeological excavation and to make a contribution as a proposed alternative method for the evaluation of these findings.The three plaques for which research permission was granted were not related to the cadastral arrangements of Akarçay Tepe, but provide indications of the patterns of other settlements: Birecik, Yeşilözen, and Nizip. The plaques are spatial plans drawn to 1 : 1000 scale displayed in the form of a 3-D model map. The plaques show the settlement topography, land regime, land use decisions, boundaries of control and settlement and agricultural support systems. Plaques, besides agricultural land pattern display the first typo-morphology of urbanisation of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Age.
A framework for automatically visualizing and recommending efficient routes
Authors: Fuest Stefan , Sester Monika
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Due to an increasing traffic density in urban environments, the traffic management as well as the society needs to face various problems including congestion, air pollution or a higher probability of accidents. Therefore, it is getting more important to make road users aware of efficient route alternatives to obtain a better distribution of the traffic flow. Since the time for making route decisions is usually limited, the visualization of the information, which should be conveyed, needs to be prepared in a very clear and easily understandable format. In this approach, we propose a framework for automatically visualizing route efficiency based on various environmentally relevant scenarios. Our methods used to create the map visualizations are based on human perception of space, in order to communicate routes and traffic-related situations more intuitively. That is, humans are assumed to mentally abstract the geographic space using various types of distortions rather than perceiving the environment in its actual shape. Based on these concepts, we argue that a perception-based representation of the route, as well as the visual communication of temporary disturbances may not only simplify the navigation process, but also supports an awareness for the current traffic dynamics, which thus may influence route choice behavior towards a more altruistic behavior. In this paper, we further present two algorithmic approaches for automatically abstracting the geometry of a route in more detail, using cartographic generalization techniques - to present the road network in a way, how it might be perceived based on a certain traffic situation.
Sustainable Development Goals and Visualizing Small Island Developing States
Authors: Gosling-Goldsmith Jessica , Ricker Britta , Kraak Menno Jan
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Small-scale thematic maps help to visualize world-wide data, yet small nations can be difficult to discern or are omitted completely. This occurs for small island developing states (SIDS), a group of more than fifty states recognized by the United Nations for their social, economic and environmental vulnerabilities. Through this study we proposed and evaluated alternative maps to increase the perceptibility of SIDS using indicator data of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These goals link social, economic and environmental objectives to achieve globally by 2030. Five cartographic solutions were refined to one based on input from two focus groups of geoinformation scientists and cartographers as well as an interview with a SIDS resident. The selected map was evaluated by a larger audience in an online survey. Most survey participants had some experience with SIDS, worked in international organizations and/or had graduate-level degrees in a geographic-related science. While recommendations for improvement were provided, nearly seventy percent of the participants agreed the presented design was appropriate to represent SIDS in choropleth world maps.
A context-driven geospatial web service approach towards the design of situational awareness maps
Authors: Ho Sin-Yi , Hong Jung-Hong
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The recent development of internet-based map services has dramatically change how geospatial information is presented to users, novice or professional, for improving the quality and convenience of daily lives. Especially with the innovated internet and computer graphic technology, current map services are designed with comprehensive cartographic considerations and can be simultaneously accessed by multiple clients, with which users can metaphorically establish their understanding towards the phenomena in reality, regardless of where they are. Despite location-based services become increasingly popular, the serviced contents are nevertheless often “static” and the illustration seldom or even fail to adapt to the needs of presenting continuously or periodically changing situations in the real world. From the perspective of intuitive map reading, we argue it is necessary to include the needs of “situational awareness” into the design of map services, so as to improve the human computer interactions in the clients’ application environments. A context-driven approach for the design and mashup of map services are proposed. We first identify three types of map services, namely, reference map services, application-oriented map services and atomic map services. The context of each map services are analysed based on the considerations of theme, time, weather and transportation and described by a set of pre-defined “keywords.” These standardized keywords enable application developers to define rules to select map services with correct contexts and mashup them to meet particular situation needs, e.g., a rainy day map or an emergency medical map services. As the selected map services are already defined with context considerations, their mashup results would be automatically adjusted according to the situations acquired from the clients. By enriching the situational context and enhancing the transparent access of individual map services, a flexible and powerful bridging relationship can be built between the application developers and domain service providers. The proposed approach is hence not only an innovated thinking for designing map services, but should also be seen as a crucial strategy for facilitating interoperable application environments for the ecosystem of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure.
Cartographic Tools for Mapping Dreams
Authors: Iosifescu Enescu Cristina M. , Hurni Lorenz
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Creating maps for their dreams enable dreamers to better attend to them. However, mapping dreams is not an easy task due to the particularities of the dream space. Therefore, there is a need of specific cartographic tools for this purpose. This work illustrates the process of creating a Web platform for mapping dreams, functional requirements are stated, and different possible implementations are discussed. By means of a dream example, a dream map and other related visual elements are created, presented and explained. The theoretical framework is based on the Dream Cartography project and the specific diagrammatic visualization tools were developed in its frame.
Testing Maps for Visually Impaired People in Kurdistan
Authors: Kareem Zada Ashna Abdulrahman
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Maps are the best solution to provide geographical information for partially impaired people. Present research uses Geographical Information System (GIS) to create paper maps which can be transferred onto a touch display where the user can choose different keys and settings (such as colour, measurement, etc.) to represent different forms of data. The test was developed in the Iraqi Kurdistan and Erbil, the capital, is taken as a sample city for this purpose. The main purpose was to investigate the extent which low vision people find digital and paper mappings useful. Also, the study explores the existing reasons that non-professionals use or avoid using this technology and compares it with the traditional maps that have been used before. The analysis of the questions given to the participants showed that there is an encouraging result in low vision people using maps in the near future and they are interested in introducing these maps into school curriculum.
Atlas of Indonesian Batik: Javanese Batik
Authors: Kartika Candra Sari Djati , 'Afifah Zulfa Nur'aini , Utami Adriati Annisa
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Thematic atlas could be developed using storytelling concept to convey information about a certain theme to the targeted users. This initial research aims to develop Atlas of Indonesian Batik that was made not only to collect maps that contain information about the distribution of Indonesian Batik, but also intended to provide information about history, the development of its motives and procedures for making it to educate students and society about Indonesian traditions and as a national identity. Indonesian Batik is a cultural heritage that represents the characteristic of Indonesia which also depict the long history and acculturation of various culture in Indonesia. Indonesian Batik is also appointed as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2016 by UNESCO. Each region in Indonesia has a variety of batik patterns that shows the characteristics of each region which can be used to introduce the area, and for this research we mostly focused in Javanese Batik as this type of batik is mostly common in Indonesia. All of the information from the literature review, interview with experts and visit to the batik industry were compiled and visualized using text, images and maps into printed atlas pages that ordered from general knowledge to thematic information to make it easier to read and attract the interest of map readers, especially students as an effort to preserve Indonesian culture.
Orienteering in Geography Education in Japanese High School
Authors: Kobayashi Taketo
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Orienteering, a map activity, has been described as effective in learning geography in school education. When dealing with orienteering in school education, it is learning outdoors different from ordinary classroom lessons. Also, the environment surrounding school education differs from country to country. From this, it is important to show the practice of orienteering in school education in each country. In this research, I described the practice of orienteering in geography education of Japanese high schools in the following three viewpoints. The three viewpoints are the significance of orienteering in geography education, learning system of orienteering in geography education, examples of orienteering in geography education at school. The main points are as follows. The skills given by orienteering are the basis of map learning and field learning in geography education. Learning system of orienteering is related to the map learning and field learning perspective, such as related to the map-scale linked with place. Orienteering practice in regular geography class at school grounds is the core, and good learning effect can be obtained. After this, orienteering can be expanded in a wide variety of directions.
The GIS-based approach for the permafrost active layer depth mapping
Authors: Korets Mikhail A. , Prokushkin Anatoly S.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The depth of the active layer is highly valuable parameter of the biochemical processes and ecosystem dynamics in changing climate. Site area of our investigation was situated in the Evenkiysky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia near Tura settlement. We used field measurements of seasonal thawing layer depth (active layer depth) to estimate its spatial variability and its dependency of topography-based variables (elevation, slope and aspect). The spatial analysis of field sample plots location and after-forest-fire period length helped us to build the reference table and then extrapolate this data in a form of map for the site area. The produced map of active layer depth and applied data processing scheme are now using for the complex analysis and modelling of hydrochemical processes in terrain- and water-ecosystems.
LevelFilesSet: An efficient Data Structure for Scalable Web Tiled Map Management Systems
Authors: Kotsollaris Menelaos , Liu William , Stefanakis Emmanuel , Zhang Yun
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Modern map visualizations are built using data structures for storing tile images, while their main concerns are to maximize efficiency and usability. The core functionality of a web tiled map management system is to provide tile images to the end user; several tiles combined construe the web map. To achieve this, several data structures are showcased and analyzed. Specifically, this paper focuses on the SimpleFormat, which stores the tiles directly on the file system; the ImageBlock, which divides each tile folder (a folder where the tile images are stored) into subfolders that contain multiple tiles prior to storing the tiles on the file system; the LevelFilesSet, a data structure that creates dedicated Random-Access files, wherein the tile dataset is first stored and then parsed in files to retrieve the tile images; and, finally, the LevelFilesBlock, a hybrid data structure which combines ImageBlock and LevelFilesSet data structures. This work signifies the first time this hybrid approach has been implemented and applied in a web tiled map context. The JDBC API was used for integrating with the PostgreSQL database. This database was then used to conduct cross-testing amongst the data structures. Subsequently, several benchmark tests on local and cloud environments are developed anew and assessed under different system configurations to compare the data structures and provide a thorough analysis of their efficiency. These benchmarks showcased the efficiency of LevelFilesSet, which retrieved tiles up to 3.3 times faster than the other data structures. Peripheral features and principles of implementing scalable web tiled map management systems among different software architectures and system configurations are analyzed and discussed.
Assessing the instability of Dong Nai River in Bien Hoa District using Bank Erosion Hazard Index (BEHI) and Remote Sensing and GIS
Authors: Lan Pham Thi Huong , Nguyet Le Minh , Hoa Le  Thi Viet
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In this study, a method for developing a quantitative prediction of river bank erosion in Bien Hoa district in Dong Nai River is presented. The river bank erosion hazard index (BEHI) was estimated to assess the stability of the river bank erosion in consultation with bank height, bank slope, rooting depth, rooting density and surface protection. The estimated BEHI of Dong Nai River in Bien Hoa district are high which indicates the riverbank instability. The estimated BEHI along the left bank is about 25–30. The satellite data of LANSAT TM 5, LANDSAT ETM 7 for the year 1995, 2005 and 2015 were used to assess the nature of shifting of the river bank and to estimate the land loss from river bank. All the derived images were transported on GIS environment to extract the course of the river. 13 sites were considered along the Dong Nai River in Bien Hoa District to estimate the leftward shifting of the bank line and to assess the shifting distance of the river bank line. There is a strong relationship between bank instability BEHI, shifting distance of the bank line and eroded bank area in this study.
Understanding the integration of buses and metro systems using smart card data
Authors: Lin Diao , Zhu Ruoxin
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Buses are considered as an important type of feeder model for urban metro systems. It is important to understand the integration of buses and metro systems for promoting public transportation. Using smart card data generated by automatic fare collection systems, we aim at exploring the characteristics of bus-and-metro integration. Taking Shanghai as a case study, we first introduced a rule-based method to extract metro trips and bus-and-metro trips from the raw smart card records. Based on the identified trips, we conducted three analyses to explore the characteristics of bus-and-metro integration. The first analysis showed that 46% users have at least two times of using buses to access metro stations during five weekdays. By combining the ridership of metro and bus-and-metro, the second analysis examined how the share of buses as the feeder mode change across space and time. Results showed that the share of buses as the feeder mode in morning peak hours is much larger than in afternoon peak hours, and metro stations away from the city center tend to have a larger share. Pearson correlation test was employed in the third analysis to explore the factors associated with the ratios of bus-and-metro trips. The metro station density and access metro duration are positively associated with the ratios. The number of bus lines around 100 m to 400 m of metro stations all showed a negative association, and the coefficient for 200 m is the largest. In addition, the temporal differences of the coefficients also suggest the importance of a factor might change with respect to different times. These results enhanced our understanding of the integration of buses and metro systems.
Using fMRI to Explore the Influence of Road Network Patterns on Geospatial Cognition
Authors: Liu Bing , Dong Weihua , Zhu Lin , Liu Huiping , Meng Liqiu
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Road networks play an important role in our daily life. People strongly interact with roads in commuting and tourism. The road network patterns influence human cognition, behaviour and the road safety. However, how the influence takes places remains unclear. In this paper, we experiment with fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) to explore the influence of regular and irregular road networks on spatial cognition. Nine subjects were asked to accomplish orientation and shortest-route-selection tasks in both a regular and an irregular road network using street view. SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping) was used to analyse the brain activities in the process. The results of orientation tasks show more activation in the middle frontal gyrus, relating to cognition, the superior frontal gyrus, relating to voluntary movement and eye movement, and the medial frontal gyrus, relating to executive process in irregular road network. The results indicate that the orientation task in an irregular road network is more demanding and requires more information. For shortest route selection tasks in both road networks, no common active brain areas among different subjects were found. This indicates that the associated cognition process is hardly influenced by road network patterns. In summary, orientation tasks are harder for subjects in irregular road networks, while the cognition difficulty is almost the same for shortest-route-selection tasks in regular and irregular road networks. Besides, subjects tend to use egocentric frame of reference more and switch between ego- and allocentric frame of reference more frequently in irregular road networks.
The Integrated Disaster Reduction Intelligent Service System and its Application
Authors: Liu Jiping , Wang Yong , Liu Mengmeng , Xu Shenghua , Jiang Tao , Gu Yang
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Geo-spatial information technology can provide data resources, positioning benchmarks, basic framework and key technologies for disaster prevention and reduction. At present, there are some problems in China’s disaster reduction services. Too much focus is placed on decision-making but not on early warning. In addition, the integration of technology, system and application of disaster reduction services is not enough. There is still a lack of a unified understanding an integrated disaster reduction intelligent service system. In order to provide technical support for China's comprehensive disaster reduction decision analysis, from the perspective of surveying, mapping, and geoinformation, this paper introduces an integrated disaster reduction intelligent service prototype system, which is concluded key technologies such as indoor and outdoor integrated emergency location, multi-source emergency data fusion, disaster scene visualization, and disaster model analysis services. Moreover, the integrated disaster reduction intelligent service prototype system has been applied in relevant emergency departments in Tibet and Xinjiang, realizing the integrated sensing, positioning, integration, analysis and service of emergency information.
Density maps of geophysical study as a new type of integrated characteristic of geophysical fields in atlases
Authors: Loginov Dmitriy S. , Krylov Sergey A.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Nowadays the geophysical section of traditional atlases is not sufficiently informative. The amount of geophysical fields’ maps rarely exceeds two. On the other hand, the electronic GIS atlases invariably include in their composition maps of study of geophysical observations, which make it possible to assess the level of exploration on the mapped territory. The creation and design of such maps today are limited to displaying only the factual location of observation profiles and other objects. In order to expand the possibilities of analyzing geophysical information, the authors suggests a method for creating of density maps of geophysical study. The study on these maps is shown with isolines – usual method for geophysical maps. The authors of this article describe the method of creating density maps of geophysical study. This method includes the following steps: selection and analysis of information sources of geophysical study; choice of study parameters for mapping; calculation of the density of objects of geophysical study; interpolation and creation of isolines of objects of geophysical study density. The created study maps of density dynamics represent the approbation of the method; they allow increasing the information content of geophysical section of the atlas. The study is also a special factor that determines general need of mapping the phenomenon and characterizes the availability of data sources for mapping. Therefore, the opportunities for using developed maps for the automated determination of the atlas structure are also shown in the article.
Mapping the core and periphery applied to a choronym (the case of Székely Land)
Authors: Bartos-Elekes Zsombor
Published: July 2019

Abstract. A cultural region could be only a choronym in the common knowledge. This choronym is applied with different intensity to different geographic locations. In the core a lot of criterion is present, in periphery they may be missing. The cultural criteria can be transformed to Boolean indicators, so we can understand the phenomenon as a 3D statistical surface.We analyze the case of Székely Land. The Székelys are a subgroup of Hungarians, who use the Hungarian language; they live in Romania. The Székely seats were administrative regions from approx. 1300 until 1876: in Hungary, later in Transylvania and in the Habsburg Empire. After the dissolution of the seats, the area of the former seats was part of Austria–Hungary and after 1918 (mostly) of Romania. Since 1876 several administrative reorganizations touched the region. The Székely population at censuses professes itself ethnically and linguistically as Hungarian. The choronym is applied to a cultural region, where a set of similar characteristics occurs all over this region, but the boundaries of these characteristics are different. The perception of Székely Land has adapted to these administrative or ethnographic– linguistic factors, its former historical borders became fading.The author compiled 6 criteria (2 historic, 2 administrative and 2 linguistic one) to define the core and periphery of the area to which is applied this choronym. The paper summarizes the local intensity of these criteria on choropleth map, this thematic map shows the core and periphery of the area applied to the choronym of Székely Land.
Quality Assessment of Topographic Data Automatic Map Generalization from Scale 1:10 000 to 1:50 000
Authors: Luo Fujun , Zhao Yousong , Ma Xu , Wu Xuan
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Map generalization is not only affected by the factors such as map usage, scale, and feature distribution characteristics, but also affected by the level of understanding and skill of the mapper or computer. Under the same Constraint of indicator conditions, different mapper or computer use the same data but product different maps. Automatic map generalization is a kind of mapping technology with strong artificial intelligence, subjectivity and regionality. The necessary map comprehensive knowledge, experience of mapping and the correct comprehensive method of map are the key to the quality of the final map generalization product.This paper takes the automatic map generalization test of topographic data in a certain area as an example, starting from the quality requirements of 1:50 000 scale topographic data, discussing the selection, simplification, combination, smoothing, enhancement, displacement, exaggeration, aggregation of geographical features. It puts forward the models, contents, indicators and methods for quality assessment, and analyzes the typical quality problems after the generalization of features such as water system, habitation, road, landform, vegetation, soil and annotation. This paper also discusses the shortcomings and optimization measures of current automatic generalization in strategy, knowledge base and so on. The work of this paper can provide technical support for perfecting the theory and method of automatic map generalization, provide scheme reference for the real and reasonable assessment of topographic data automatic map generalization, and provide practical reference for multi-scale topographic map linkage update.
On the relevance of cartography – An interaction design perspective
Authors: Meier Sebastian , Tost Jordi , Heidmann Frank
Published: July 2019

Abstract. We see more cartographic products in our digital world than ever before. But what role does cartography play in the modern production of cartographic products? In this position paper, we will argue that the democratization and diffusion of cartographic production has also led to the presumed “fading relevance” of cartography. As an argument against this notion, we highlight starting points for the field of cartography to improve modern cartographic production through its inherent cartographic knowledge.
Mining multiple sources of historical data: The example of a standardized dataset of medieval monasteries and convents in France
Authors: Mertel Adam , Zbíral David
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In this paper, we present a dataset of medieval monasteries and convents on the territory of today’s France and discuss the workflow of its integration. Spatial historical data are usually dispersed and stored in various forms – encyclopedias and catalogues, websites, online databases, and printed maps. In order to cope with this heterogeneity and proceed to computational analysis, we have devised a method that includes the creation of a data model, data mining from sources, data transformation, geocoding, editing, and conflicts solving. The resulting dataset is probably the most comprehensive collection of records on medieval monasteries within the borders of today’s France. It can be used for understanding the spatial patterns of medieval Christian monasticism and the implantation of the official Church infrastructure, as well as the relation between this official infrastructure and phenomena covered in other datasets. We open this dataset, as well as scripts for mining, to the public (https://github.com/adammertel/dissinet.monasteries) and provide a map tool to visualize, filter, and download the records (http://hde.geogr.muni.cz/monasteries).
Analytical Background for Developing a Body of Knowledge for Cartography
Authors: Moellering Harold
Published: July 2019

Abstract. At the 2011 ICC meetings in Paris, Moellering (2011) discussed the ICA Research Agenda, looked to the future, and recommended that the ICA move to develop a formal Body of Knowledge for the field of Cartography. In the last few years, the ICA leadership has recognized this need, and has organized an effort to develop a systematic Body of Knowledge (BoK) for the field of Cartography.In order to develop a systematic and comprehensive BoK for Cartography, it is important to include all aspects of the field: conceptual, conventional, perceptual, virtual, production, quantitative and analytical. In this milieu many of the long-standing components of cartography exist in the Surface Structure of the field, meaning that they are directly and visually observed. Most of those components have been recognized for many decades, even centuries.However, the analytical and mathematical components of cartography exist in the Deep Structure of the field. These are associated with the data, information, and metadata that underlie the standard visualizations process. These quantitative and analytical components in cartography mostly are relatively new, being developed in recent decades.Essentially these new analytical components in the Deep Structure can be considered the new half of the field of cartography, and it is essential that they be included in a full definition of the BoK for cartography. This paper will discuss these conceptual analytical components of Cartography and relate them to the evolving Body of Knowledge for the field.