bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of nanoporous solid polymer electrolyte AuNiCe/NC hydrogenation membrane electrode
Authors:   Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China, Duan L. M. , Li X. D. ,   Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China, Shang Y. M. ,   Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China, Feng Y. H. ,   Hengxing University, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China, Fan H. H. ,   Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China, Wang S. Q. ,   Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China, Yang B. ,   Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
Published: March 2024

In this study, using graphite fiber cloth as the support, gold-based solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) membrane electrodes were synthesized by high-vacuum ion beam sputtering, nitrogen doping of the support, combined electrochemical dealloying, and hot-pressing technology. The application of the SPE membrane electrode to couple hydrogen evolution and liquid organic hydrogen storage is of significant importance for sustainable hydrogen energy and efficient carbon dioxide conversion. Using various characterization techniques, we systematically analyzed the phase structure, surface morphology, porous structure, and electrocatalytic performance of the membrane electrode for the hydrogenation of cyclohexene. The results indicated that doping the carbonaceous support with nitrogen (NC), doping with cerium as catalyst promoter, and combined electrochemical dealloying can all enhance the activity of the catalyst. Cerium doping provides the catalyst with oxygen vacancies for accelerated electron transfer. After combined electrochemical dealloying, AuNiCe/NC formed a three-dimensional bicontinuous porous structure. The electrochemically active surface area increased by 23.94 times, the energy consumption of catalytic cyclohexene hydrogenation decreased by 35.7%, and current efficiency and the formation rate of cyclohexane increased by 54.9% and 29.4%, respectively.
Enhancement of the anti-corrosion performance based on the zeolitic imidazolate framework
Authors:   School of Materials Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China, Shen J. W. , Fang X. Z. ,   School of Materials Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China, Feng Z. W. ,   School of Materials Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China, Huang X. ,   School of Materials Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
Published: March 2024

In this work, a zeolite-imidazole framework (ZIF-8) was first synthesized and used as a corrosion inhibitor container to enhance the anti-corrosion property. After encapsulated the benzotriazole (BTA) corrosion inhibitor and coated with epoxy resin (EP) on the surface of Cu plate, the obtained sample B-ZIF-8@EP exhibited enhanced corrosion protection with high impedance and positive self-corrosion potential due to the release of BTA in the corrosion process. It is believed that this work is very helpful for extending the diversity of anti-corrosion coatings.
Effects of Al content on microstructure and corrosion behavior of Zn-Al alloy coatings
Authors:   Civil Engineering and Hydraulics, Sustainable Development and Environment, University of Biskra, 07000, Algeria, Touane A. , Diafi M. ,   Civil Engineering and Hydraulics, Sustainable Development and Environment, University of Biskra, 07000, Algeria, Benamor S. ,   Civil Engineering and Hydraulics, Sustainable Development and Environment, University of Biskra, 07000, Algeria, Sahnoune D. ,   Scientific and Technical Research Centre in Physicochemical analyses CRAPC.PTAPC.Biskra, 07000, Algeria
Published: March 2024

Alloying Zn with other metals is an alternative method to create advanced alloys with better corrosion properties, in this work the electrodeposition of Zn-Al binary alloy in sulphate-based acidic bath and with different Al2O12S3 content from 0.03 to 0.1M on a treated copper substrates was studied, the structure and microstructure of the coatings were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) supported by (EDX) analysis, the microhardness was measured, the corrosion resistance was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization (Tafel), the effect of Al ions was visible on the structure, (XRD) spectra showed zinc phase (η-phase), and Al phase (α-Al phase) with Al peak intensity increasing along with the increase of Al concentration, the microhardness also enhanced gradually to 252.33 HV, the corrosion current density decreased by almost 13 times and the corrosion resistance was drastically improved at 0.1M Al.
Preparation of magnetic Fe3O4/PAM composite microspheres by inverse emulsion polymerization
Authors:   College of Chemical Engineering, Daqing Normal University, Daqing 163712, China, Huang Q. Y. , Wang S. Z. ,   Organic Geochemical Laboratory, Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield Co Ltd, Daqing 163712, China, Dong L. ,   College of Chemical Engineering, Daqing Normal University, Daqing 163712, China, Chen C. ,   College of Chemical Engineering, Daqing Normal University, Daqing 163712, China, Zhao X. L. ,   College of Chemical Engineering, Daqing Normal University, Daqing 163712, China
Published: March 2024

The stable micro-aqueous groups (MAGs) were prepared by using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sorbitan fatty acid ester (Span80) as emulsifiers. Fe3O4/PAM composite microspheres (CMPs) were obtained by inverse emulsion polymerization in MAGs. The experimental results showed that the size of the spherical Fe3O4/PAM CMPs was about 135-420nm and the saturation magnetization value of them was about 23.3emu/g. In the Fe3O4/PAM CMPs, the mass fraction of PAM was about 76.5%. The viscosity of the emulsion containing Fe3O4/PAM CMPs increased with the increase of current and decreased with the increase of shear rate
Effects Of Atmospheric Suspended Particulate Matter On The Immune System
Authors: Kondratyeva Elena V. , Vitkina Tatyana I.
Published: March 2024

Atmospheric pollution causes enormous damage to public health worldwide resulting in millions of deaths annually, and reducing both life expectancy and quality of life. Suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the air triggers immune system responses, which in turn determines a wide range of diseases based on chronic inflammation. However, many issues regarding the relationship between air pollution and the development and course of pathologies remain unresolved. The present review summarizes the data of domestic and foreign publications regarding the effect of atmospheric SPM on the immune system. The article reveals the effect of SPM on immunocompetent cells and investigates cellular and molecular response mechanisms of the body. The data presented in the review imply the need for further studies of immune system response mechanisms under the impact of atmospheric SPM.
Levodopa And Pramipexole Combination Therapy Efficacy In Vietnamese Patients With Parkinson’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Le Minh Van , Diep Dat Tien , Tran Tam Thai Thanh , Pham Tho Kieu Anh , Tran Bao Lam Thai , Nguyen Thang
Published: March 2024

Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of Parkinson's disease to minimize the adverse effects of the disease and drug side effects on the patient. Using levodopa combined with pramipexole is an effective therapy for treating Parkinson's disease. Objectives — This study aims to evaluate the treatment outcome of combination therapy with levodopa and pramipexole compared to levodopa monotherapy in Vietnamese Parkinson's patients. Material and Methods — A randomized controlled clinical trial with a 1:1 randomized ratio of 80 individuals with Parkinson's disease. The intervention group received a combination therapy with levodopa/benserazide and pramipexole, and the control group received a monotherapy with levodopa/benserazide. Motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms, The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating (UPDRS), and The Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) scores were assessed before, after, and a follow-up period of 1 and 4 weeks after discharge to evaluate the treatment outcome. Results — Combining therapy with levodopa and pramipexole led to statistically significant improvements in UPDRS and PDQ-39 scores (p<0.05). The mean difference in UPDRS parts I, II, and III after 4 weeks of discharge was -0.5 (p=0.014), -1.68 (p=0.005), and -2.52 (p=0.010) respectively. The quality of life was also enhanced by combining therapy due to a better reduction of PDQ-39 score: 26.0±6.3 versus 32.7±6.4 (p<0.001). The most common side effects were headache, nausea/vomiting, and somnolence. Conclusions — Treatment with levodopa combined with pramipexole improves clinical symptoms and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's, as evidenced by improvements in UPDRS and PDQ-39 scores.
Hibrit bir ÇKKV modeli ile G20 ülkelerinin lojistik performansının ölçülmesi
Authors: Acar Akbulut Ebru , Ulutaş Alptekin , Yürüyen Ali Aygün , Balalan Saime
Published: March 2024

Lojistik, yatırım kârını azami seviyeye yükseltmek için bir ürünü depolayabilen veya stratejik olarak akışlarını belirli bir plan dahilinde kontrol edebilen bir yönetim kararı oluşturmaya yönelik sistemdir. Lojistik Performans Endeksi (LPI), ülkelerin lojistik alanında durum tespiti yapabilmeleri ve iyileştirmeleri gereken alanları belirlemede oldukça önemlidir. Bu makale G20 ülkelerinin lojistik performanslarını Çok kriterli karar verme (ÇKKV) yöntemleri ile değerlendirmektedir. Çalışmada kullanılan veriler Dünya Bankası’nın 2018 yılında yayınladığı LPI raporundan alınmıştır. ÇKKV yöntemleri, en iyi performans gösteren alternatifin seçimi veya istenilen hedef doğrultusunda performans ölçümleme ve sıralama ihtiyacı duyulan her alanda kullanılabilmektedir.  Çalışmada kullanılan ÇKKV yöntemleri herhangi bir çalışmada birlikte daha önce kullanılmamıştır. Bu nedenle bu çalışma özgün bir çalışmadır. Çalışmada kriter ağırlıklarının değerlendirilmesinde üç farklı yöntem (SD, PSI ve MEREC) bir arada kullanılmıştır. Bu üç farklı yöntemin bir arada kullanılmasıyla daha kesin ve güvenilir sonuçların elde edildiği düşünülmektedir.
Çalışmada alternatiflerin sıralanması için literatürde nadiren kullanılan MARA (Magnitude of the Area for the Ranking of Alternatives/Alternatiflerin Sıralanması için Alan Büyüklüğü) yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Literatürde MARA yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan Türkçe yayın bulunmamaktadır. Çalışma literatürde bulunan bu boşluğu doldurmayı hedeflemektedir. Uygulanan yöntemler ve elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda Almanya en iyi performans gösteren alternatif olarak belirlenmiştir.
Examining the multifaceted nature of organizational justice: An integrated analysis using factor analysis and artificial neural networks
Authors: Bhatti Omar Khalid
Published: March 2024

The study seeks to explore a composite model of organizational justice through the integration of exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and an artificial neural network (ANN). The inquiry consists of three separate phases. At first, the Delphi technique identifies various elements that make up organizational justice. Following this, the dimensions are subjected to EFA to reveal the underlying factorial structure of the concept. In the last phase, the identified factors are validated through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and then prioritized using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to establish their relative importance. The EFA reveals a novel conceptualization of organizational justice, delineating its four distinct facets: distributive justice, procedural justice, interpersonal justice, and informational justice. This conceptualization is further validated through CFA. The ANN has been used to recognize and prioritize model variables as a triangulation. The study's results highlight procedural justice, informational justice, interpersonal justice, and distributive justice as key factors in the overall ambit of organizational justice. This study has significant implications for scholars and corporate executives, providing insights for training, human development, and policy-making. Furthermore, the model presented offers organizational management a valuable tool to ensure justice for employees and improve efficiency. The present investigation is a notable addition to the field of organizational justice as it incorporates artificial neural networks (ANN) as a research methodology, highlighting the crucial importance of justice in organizational settings.
Gamblification
Authors: Schneider Julian
Published: March 2024

Das Aufkommen der Neo-Broker macht eine Finanzmarktteilnahme einfach. Durch die Präferenzen privater Investoren für lotterieähnliche Auszahlungsstrukturen und das jederzeit mögliche Trading via Smartphone, lassen sich im Rahmen des Finanzmarktverhaltens privater Investoren Anzeichen einer sog. Gamblification beobachten. Wer die Gewinner und Verlierer dieser Entwicklung sind und wie selbst bei der deligierten Vermögensverwaltung lotterieähnliche Finanzprodukte eine Rolle spielen, wird in diesem Artikel analysiert.
MC13: WTO-Ministerkonferenz in schwierigem globalem Umfeld
Authors: Häuser Wolfgang
Published: March 2024

Ende Februar findet die 13. Ministerkonferenz der Welthandelsorganisation WTO (MC13) statt, deren Agenda den Handlungsbedarf für eine konstruktive internationale Kooperation verdeutlicht. Ähnlich wie vor MC12 im Sommer 2022 bleibt auch diesmal zu hoffen, dass es in Abu Dhabi wenigstens einige greifbare Ergebnisse bzw. Rahmenabkommen in den im Vorfeld skizzierten Sektoren gibt. Dies könnte der WTO dringend benötigte Impulse für die nächsten Jahre geben und ihr hartnäckiges „lame duck“-Image abbauen helfen.
Migrationspolitik und ökonomische Rationalität
Authors: Söllner Fritz
Published: March 2024

Die deutsche Migrationspolitik ist aus ökonomischer Sicht verfehlt: Mit ihren großzügigen Sozialleistungen und ihrem liberalen Asylrecht führt die Flüchtlingspolitik zu einem starken Zustrom vor allem unqualifizierter Wirtschaftsflüchtlinge, der nicht nur kurzfristig hohe Kosten verursacht, sondern langfristig auch die Existenz des Sozialstaats bedroht. Dagegen ist Deutschland für qualifizierte Einwanderer kaum attraktiv, was an den dem gut ausgebauten Sozialstaat geschuldeten hohen Abgaben liegt, aber auch am Fehlen eines Einwanderungsgesetzes.
Organic Chemical Accelerators for Alkaline Pulping
Authors:   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada, Clayton D. W. , Fleming B. I. ,   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada
Published: March 2024

The need to make the best use of wood supplies, conserve energy, and reduce the costs of pollution abatement has stimulated research to improve the yield, accelerate the rate, and reduce the odoriferous nature of kraft pulping. Because the structure of lignin is imperfectly understood, the quest for reagents which can accelerate delignification has been handicapped. In contrast, because the structure and reactions of cellulose and other wood polysaccharides are known, deductive methods have been applied in the search for reagents which can protect these polymers from alkaline degradation and thus improve pulp yields. The discovery of the dramatic accelerating effect of anthraquinone on alkaline delignification can, in fact, be traced back to a series of investigations which began with a search for reagents capable of inhibiting the alkaline degradation of cellulose. Against this background, research on pulping additives in reviewed, with particular reference to the current status and potential of catalytic accelerators in alkaline pulping.
Experiments on Biogenesis
Authors:   Max-Planck-Institut fur biophysikalische Chemie, Eigen Manfred
Published: March 2024

A living system however primitive, must include mechanisms for conservation as well as for variation of genetic information and for its adaptation to optimal phenotypic performance under given environmental conditions. In order to maintain such a state of optimal performance the system has to metabolise steadily energy-rich material thereby remaining in a (meta-) stable ‘far from equilibrium’ position. If such material prerequisites are fulfilled ‘life’ should emerge inevitably as a ‘regularity among material events’ and such a regularity, if it exists, should be testable under laboratory conditions. Virus replicases have been shown to provide efficient mechanisms for assembling de novo macromolecular RNA-templates from energy-rich monomeric precursors and for adapting them quickly to optimal self-reproductive performance. With the help of such systems the theory of molecular self-organisation (e.g. the quasi-species model) has been tested quantitatively. The experiments, in particular, have addressed the question “first template – first enzyme?” including adaptation of target and source function of the genotypes. A machine is described in which experiments on self-reproduction and translation can be carried out in a continuous and systematic way. Questions regarding the origin of life can thereby be scrutinised by experimental falsification.
Fibrous Composite Materials
Authors:   University of Surrey, Kelly A.
Published: March 2024

The mechanical properties of fibrous composite materials will be reviewed. Such materials are made, either in order to realise in practice the properties of the fibres, or else in order to increase the toughness of a matrix. The mechanical principles governing the interaction of fibre and matrix will be sketched and up to date examples of the properties of both types of composite given.
Fundamental Research, Applied Research, and Economic Growth
Authors:   The Procter & Gamble Company, Place G.
Published: March 2024

The author deals with the complex relationships which can, or should, exist between fundamental and applied research, and discusses the ways in which healthy relationships can contribute significantly to a Nation’s economic growth. The author concludes that the traditional classification of research as either fundamental or applied may interfere with the development of the healthy relationships required. He suggests an alternative model, based upon distinctions between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of the research activity.
Effects of Fundamental Research on Pulping
Authors:   Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, Hartler Nils
Published: March 2024

Considering the very small amount of fundamental research, that is to say scientific investigation conducted with no particular objective, carried out in the past in the subject of pulp and paper, it is pointless to try to discuss its impact. If, however, the term is widened to include orientated research, then it becomes possible to elucidate its impact on breaks-through in pulping. Numerous examples are presented to illustrate the relative importance of fundamental research in the achievement of technological breaks-through in such areas as outside chip storage, carbohydrate stabilising additives in alkaline cooking, delignification promoting additives in alkaline cooking, two stage sulphite cooking, oxygen bleaching, displacement bleaching, and steam drying. The findings indicate that empirical experimentation as well as the artistic combination of existing knowledge, often from different disciplines, has been most effective in bringing about technological breaks-through. Fundamental research has also been quite effective when it has been directed towards the attainment of a specified objective. It seems to have been least effective when it has been primarily either explanatory, to set a recent finding in its proper background, or repetitive, to discover how a finding made elsewhere can be applied to local conditions. All high quality fundamental research will give rise to new data for relevant system properties, and to new models representing the best available descriptions of the systems under consideration. This helps others to make future technological breaks-through, perhaps through empirical approaches, but often through the proper combination of knowledge from various fields. The technical strength as well as the competitiveness of the industry will in the future, as in the past, be strongly dependent on the extent and effectiveness of the research which is undertaken. It is therefore essential for the future of the pulp and paper industry that R & D activity be maintained at a very high level.
The Development of Materials Science with Reference to the Special Role of Paper
Authors:   Department of Physics, Brunel University, Hogarth C. A.
Published: March 2024

The development of materials science over the last forty years has proceeded at a rapid rate and some of the early experiments and industrial needs which have helped to stimulate the development are discussed. Paper as a material poses many problems which are being tackled in terms of technology, science, and mathematical modelling, and modern methods of analysis will ensure that progress in both the understanding and the technological development of the structure of paper and its mechanical properties continues. It is pointed out that one of the strengths of Dr. Corte’ s many achievements in paper science and technology was to initiate and carry out experiments using relatively simple equipment but to interpret the results using substantial mathematical methods and with a clarity of thought about the physical, chemical, and rheological implications. Some analogies between the properties of paper and other materials are drawn.
Determining the long run behaviour of the exchange rate of Libyan Dinar using Markov chain
Authors: Abuaqila Massoud Khalid Mahdi , Hasan Husna
Published: March 2024

The study of foreign exchange (FOREX) markets is known as foreign currency exchange. These rates provide crucial data to international monetary exchange markets. Using a Markov chain model, this study attempts to determine the behaviour of the Libyan (LYD) currency rate against the US Dollar (USD). Three states are observed. The transition probability matrix and starting state vector are calculated. The result shows that, the probability of being in one of three states, namely, increases, remain the same or decreases are 0.3614, 0.3268 and 0.3118, respectively. The expected number of visits and return time are also obtained.
Structure and properties of new bearing composites based on steel waste for severe operating conditions of printing machines
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Roik T.A. , Kholiavko V.V. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2024

The article presents the research results on the structure and properties of new self-lubricating bearing composites based on grinding wastes of high-alloyed steel 8X4V2MFS2 with additives of CaF2 solid lubricant. The new composites are designed to operate in friction units of printing machines at rotational speeds of 600˗800 rpm and increased loads of up to 3.0 MPa. It is shown that the application of the developed technology ensures the formation of a fine-grained heterophase structure of the new composite. The formed structure is a metal matrix base made of regenerated grinding waste from 8X4V2MFS2 steel, consisting of a high-alloy α-solid solution and solid grains of alloying elements’ carbides, as well as a uniformly distributed solid lubricant CaF2. This structure ensured the formation of the new composite’s physical, mechanical and tribological properties high level. In the process of friction, antifriction films were formed on the contact surfaces, which provided a self-lubricating mode. Comparative friction and wear tests have shown significant advantages of the new waste composite compared to cast brass L63, which is traditionally used in friction units of printing equipment. The determined level of physical, mechanical, and tribological characteristics makes it possible to recommend the studied material for use in friction units of printing equipment operating at elevated rotational speeds of 600˗800 rpm and loads up to 3.0 MPa in air. The studies have shown the prospects of using a wide range of valuable metal grinding waste in the repeated production cycle for the manufacture of high-quality composites. The reuse of such waste will make a significant contribution to the protection of the environment from pollution associated with human industrial activity and will help reduce its negative effect on the ecosystem. Keywords: grinding waste, high-alloyed steel, technology, composite bearing, microstructure, solid lubricant, properties, antifriction films, printing machines.
Recrystallization texture and anisotropy of elastic properties of DC04 steel sheets
Authors:   K. D. Ushinsky South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University, Odesa, Ukraine, Volchok V.A. , Briukhanov Z.A. ,   Odessa National Technological University, Odesa, Ukraine, Iovchev S.I. ,   Odessa National Maritime University, Odesa, Ukraine, Briukhanov A.O. ,   K. D. Ushinsky South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University, Odesa, Ukraine, Yefimenko D.O. ,   K. D. Ushinsky South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University, Odesa, Ukraine
Published: March 2024

We studied steel sheets DC04 (0.06% C, up to 0.35% Mn, up to 0.40% Si, ~ 0.025% S and P) with a thickness of 0.95 mm as delivered. Sheets of A4 size were annealed in a laboratory oven (6000C in an argon atmosphere, hold for 1 hour). The structure of DC04 steel sheets after recrystallization annealing was studied. The microstructure of the steel sheets under study is presented from the side of the rolling plane and in the section of the sheet perpendicular to the direction. In the plane of the sheets, the grains are elongated; in the cross section, the grains are approximately equiaxed. Pole figures (PF) were constructed based on the results of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) on a LEO 1455 VP electron microscope at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV from the plane of the sheets and from the section of the sheet perpendicular to the rolling direction. To improve statistics, PF were constructed by averaging reflex stereographic projections from 20 different representative volumes of material relative to the rolling direction and transverse direction. The texture and anisotropy of Young's modulus in the plane and cross section of steel sheets DC04 after recrystallization annealing was studied using EBSD method. A connection has been obtained between ideal orientations that describe the texture in two mutually perpendicular planes and the corresponding integral characteristics of texture (ICT). Rectangular samples with a length of 100 and a width of 10 mm at different angles to the rolling direction every 150 to measure Young's modulus. Samples were processed in a bag to ensure uniform dimensions. Young's modulus was determined by the dynamic method from the frequency of natural transverse vibrations. Three batches of samples were used to construct Young's modulus anisotropy curves. The anisotropy of the Young's modulus in the plane of steel sheets, calculated from the ICT based on the results of EBSD data, is in good agreement with the results of direct measurements. The value of Young's modulus in the direction normal to the plane of the sheet and in the section plane in the direction normal to the plane of the sheet, calculated from the ICT and the values of the compliance constants of iron, coincide. Keywords: texture, pole figure, anisotropy, integral characteristics of texture, Young's modulus.
Application of ultrasonic surface treatment technologies in metals and alloys additive manufacturing
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Voloshko S. M. , Burmak A. P. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Orlov A. K. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Voron M. M. ,   Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2024

In a modern world, additive manufacturing of metal products has reached significant volumes and variety of applied alloys. 3D-printing technologies make it possible to obtain parts with reduced mass, increased reliability, single products, experimental parts and elements designs with complex geometry and configuration. Disadvantages of metal parts additive manufacturing include anisotropy of chemical composition and properties, non-equilibrium structural-phase state, structural micro- and macrodefects and some other features, that require post-processing of as-printed products. Most often, heat treatment and its combination with microforging or intensive surface plastic deformation are used for this purpose. The manuscript provides an analytical review of the advantages of using ultrasonic technologies to support 3D-printing and post-processing of additively manufactured products. Special attention is paid to ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT). The equipment for providing UIT is compact, energy-saving and easy to use. It is noted, that this technology makes it possible to effectively reduce surface defects of printed parts, increase its hardness and fatigue strength. At the same time, nanostructuring and changes in the structural and phase state of the modified layers are also occured. It is also noted, that UIT may provide surface strengthening to a depth of ~500 μm, saturating it with alloying elements and compounds, and for conventionally produced parts, like as–cast, deformed and powder sintered – it is significantly more effective than most other similar methods. The prospects of using ultrasonic technologies to improve quality and level of operational and mechanical characteristics of additively manufactured metal parts, including the needs of aircraft construction, are outlined. Keywords: additive technologies, 3D-printing, ultrasonic impact treatment, UIT, surface strengthening, cavitation, vibration polishing, fatigue strength, Grade5, AlSi10Mg, Inconel-718.
Influence of melt temperature and vibration on the structure of AMg6 alloy
Authors:   Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Shkolyarenko V.P. , Seredenko O.V. ,   Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Baranov I.R. ,   Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2024

A wide range of products, including pipes, is made from cast billets of the Al-Mg alloy. It is known that the alloy effectively combines a complex of special properties. The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities of improving the properties of AMg6 alloy castings by applying vibration during casting and cooling. The vibration of the melt in the casting mold during cooling and solidification is an effective auxiliary tool for controlling the structure of alloys, which is universally integrated into the technological process of obtaining cast blanks. In this work, the influence of the melt pouring temperature and vibration (amplitude 0.2 mm, frequency 60 Hz) on the size, morphology and nature of the arrangement of phases and mechanical properties of the cast metal of tube blanks made of AMg6 alloy was investigated. It was found that the use of vibration leads to a 10-fold decrease in grain size. It was found that Mg2Si inclusions did not change shape under the influence of vibration, but decreased in size by 1.5 times. Similar changes in the structure of the alloy are characteristic of the metal, which was cooled at a higher speed and with the use of vibration. This made it possible to obtain the hardness of the AMg6 alloy up to 717 MPa, which is higher than that of the standard material. Grinding structural components makes it possible to reduce the duration of heat treatment of the alloy Keywords: AMг6 alloy, cast pipe billets, vibration, structure, mechanical properties.
Meaning-Making Among Parents of Children With Severe Neurologic Impairment in the PICU
Authors: Bogetz Jori F. , Oslin Ellie , O’Donnell Maeve , Barton Krysta S. , Yi-Frazier Joyce P. , Watson R. Scott , Rosenberg Abby R.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Parents and family caregivers of children with severe neurologic impairment (SNI) experience many stressors, especially during their child’s critical illness. This study aimed to examine parent experiences around the time of their child’s PICU care to explore ways parents make meaning in relation to these stressors.

METHODS

This qualitative study of data from a single center in the United States followed Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines. One to one semistructured interviews queried parents’ psychosocial well-being around the time of their child’s PICU care. Eligible participants had a child with an SNI condition for >3 months admitted to the PICU for >24 hours with an expected length of stay >1 week.

RESULTS

Data were analyzed by a research team with expertise in palliative care, psychology, critical care, and qualitative methods. Fifteen family caregivers of 15 children participated. Children were a median of 8 years old (interquartile range 4–11.5) and 80% (n = 12) had congenital/genetic conditions. Parent/family caregivers were a median age of 39 years old (interquartile range 36–42.5); 20% (n = 3) self-identified as fathers and 47% (n = 7) as having to a minority racial background. Parents discussed ongoing meaning-making that occurred through domains of comprehension and purpose, and themes of understanding of other people and the world around them. Subthemes focused on appreciation/acceptance, adaptability/accountability, valuing all lives, and learning/teaching about their child.

CONCLUSIONS

Meaning-making may be an opportunity for support in the PICU among parents/family caregivers of children with SNI.
The Tension Between AAP Safe Sleep Guidelines and Infant Sleep
Authors: Moon Rachel Y. , Mindell Jodi A. , Honaker Sarah , Keim Sarah , Roberts Kristin J. , McAdams Rebecca J. , McKenzie Lara B.
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVES

To understand tension mothers experience when attempting to follow American Academy of Pediatrics safe sleep guidelines and enhancing infant and parental sleep.

METHODS

Surveys and focus groups were conducted from November 2022 and March 2023 with United States-based English-speaking mothers of infants <6 months of age recruited via social media and who reported a nonrecommended sleep position and/or location ≥2 times the prior week.

RESULTS

Twenty-five mothers participated in focus groups and surveys. A total of 80% reported holding or rocking their infant to sleep; 76% fed their infant to sleep. Almost all were aware of the ABCs (Alone, Back, Crib) of safe sleep and intended to follow them before delivery. Many felt that ABCs were unrealistic and placed their infants in nonrecommended locations or positions because they perceived them as more comfortable and helping their infant fall and stay asleep. Mothers were more likely to use nonrecommended practices when they were awake or sleeping nearby and believed they could closely monitor their infant. Some questioned whether ABCs were the only way to achieve safe sleep. Some prioritized other safety concerns (eg, fall prevention) over sudden infant death syndrome or sudden unexpected infant death prevention. Mothers expressed confidence about getting their baby to sleep in general but were less confident that they could do this while following guidelines.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite awareness of the ABCs, mothers regularly engaged in nonrecommended practices with the goal of improving their own and their infant’s sleep. Interventions focused on improving infant and parental sleep while maintaining sleep safety are needed.
Russo–Ukrainian war: Limits of Western economic sanctions
Authors: Rosefielde Steven , Bernstam Michael
Published: March 2024

The potency of economic sanctions imposed on nations depends on demand and supply adjustment possibilities. Adverse GDP impacts will be maximal when import, export, production, distribution and finance are inflexible (universal non-substitution). This paper elaborates these conditions, and quantifies the maximum GDP loss that Western sanctions could have inflicted on Russia in 2022–2023. It reports the World Bank's predictions, contrasts them with results and draws inferences about the efficiency of Russia's workably competitive markets. The paper shows that Russia's economic system exhibits moderate universal substitutability and is less vulnerable to punitive discipline than Western policymakers suppose. The likelihood that the Kremlin will restore Ukraine's territorial integrity, ceteris paribus, is correspondingly low. The authors also observe that unintended adverse side effects from sanctions and counter-sanctions were excessive because policymakers chose to maximize GDP-damage to Russia instead of optimizing Western and third-party net benefits. Given moderate substitutability, Western policymakers can switch to smart net benefit maximizing sanctions that enhance Western and third-party welfare without significantly bolstering Russia's military industrial productivity and war-waging capabilities by retaining embargoes on weapons, technology and critical components, while selectively softening other restrictions. Smart sanctions might facilitate a negotiated settlement of the Russo–Ukrainian war.
Modelling reaction transfer velocities in disconnected compact heterogeneous multilayer reactive material systems
Authors: Shekhawat Deepshikha , Sindhani Kashish , Raheja Vishal A. , Baloochi Mostafa , Isaac Nishchay A. , Pezoldt Jörg
Published: March 2024

The tuning of the self-propagating reaction is studied theoretically by introducing a non-reactive material between two reactive material elements. For the study, the Ni/Al bilayer system was chosen. The Ni/Al elements were placed on a silicon wafer covered with a 1-µm-thick silicon dioxide. The spaces between the multilayer reactive material elements were filled with different non-reactive materials covering a wide range of thermal properties. On top of this heterogeneous layer, a 1-µm-thick sealing layer was placed consisting of the filler material. The carried out two-dimensional simulations demonstrated that embedding material allows to scale the ignition transfer time and the heat propagation velocity. For example, for a transfer length of 1 µm, the ignition time can be tuned from nano- to microseconds. Consequently, in contrast to previous results embedding materials allow scaling the properties of the self-propagating reaction in heterogeneous reactive material systems.

Graphical abstract
Everyday Meals in Regency London
Authors: Brears Peter
Published: March 2024

The first of three articles detailing the eating habits of a Victorian working class household, drawn from the more than 9000 meals recorded in the diary of William Feltuss, a Yarmouth man born on 1 March 1762, who had served the East India Company in India, then returned to England and set up home in Newington, the London suburb a mile south-west of London Bridge, where he lived from 1809 through into the 1830s.
Common Market Cookery
Authors: Geddes Kevin
Published: March 2024

Fanny Cradock remains best known for her ball-gowns, brows and her berating of assistants, but she also had a lifelong ambition, threaded through her work. She wanted to bring the gastronomic landscape of Europe to the housewives of Britain. From her early days as a young, ambitious, jobbing newspaper feature writer, food activist and campaigner, to her rise as a television celebrity extraordinaire, she championed the style, the feel and the food of the Continent. This essay looks at Craddock's career and asks, was Fanny as ‘ProEU’ as she seemed, or would Brexit be more up her boulevard?
The Fudge Family in Paris
Authors: Jaine Tom
Published: March 2024

The article consists of an short introduction to and a reprinting of a humorous poem containing many references to French food and culinary habits by the Irish lyricist, poet and writer, the biographer of Byron and Sheridan, Thomas Moore (1779–1852). It appeared in 1818 over the nom de plume ‘Thomas Brown the Younger, Editor of the Twopenny Post-bag’.
Sara Pennell: The Birth of the English Kitchen, 1600–1850
Authors: Lehmann Gilly
Published: March 2024

Sara Pennell: The Birth of the English Kitchen, 1600–1850: Bloomsbury, 2016: xiv-265pp., hardback, £85.00; paperback, £22.99.
Clinical Performance of 170 Frictional Morse Taper Implants: 2 Years Follow-Up
Authors: Back Lara Steiner , Silva Joseane , Morsch Carolina Schäffer , Tumedei Margherita , Magini Ricardo de Souza , Piatelli Adriano , Benfatti Cesar Augusto Magalhães
Published: March 2024

This study evaluated the clinical survival rates of 170 Morse taper implants through clinical and mechanical parameters in different therapeutic approaches such as single crowns, fixed partial prostheses, and fixed full-arch prostheses. Patients referred to the Center on Education and Research on Dental Implants from May 2017 to July 2018 with the indication for dental implant therapy, aged >18 years, without periodontal disease, recent evidence of inflammatory activity or other oral disorders, current pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or heavy smoking habit were included in this study. After 12 weeks of healing since the implants were placed in the mandible and after 16 weeks following implants placed in the maxilla, patients returned to the Center for prosthetic rehabilitation. After implant therapy, all patients underwent periodical, clinical, and prosthetic examinations every 6 months. Prosthetic restorations involved 109 fixed reconstructions in function. Few prosthetic complications were reported (6.55%). Twenty implants were rehabilitated with cemented prostheses; from those, 1 crown suffered a loss in retention/decementation. Of the 148 implants rehabilitated with screwed-retained prostheses, 6.76% suffered prosthetic screw loosening. The cumulative implant survival rate was 98.2%. When peri-implant tissue health was evaluated, the keratinized mucosa band appeared related to peri-implant tissue stability. Thus, Morse taper implants represented a successful procedure for implant rehabilitation, with a high cumulative implant survival rate, low prevalence of biological and prosthetic complications, and good stability of peri-implant tissues over the assessed period.
All-on-4 Concept With Use Of Zygoma Implants for Rehabilitation in the Severely Atrophied Maxilla With a Definitive Immediate Restoration
Authors: Brauer Hans Ulrich , Mamar Abdel-Karim , Bartols Andreas , Korsch Michael
Published: March 2024

This case report of a 45-year-old patient at initial presentation shows an illustration of the limitations of periodontal maintenance therapy and subsequent implant prosthetic therapy. In close consultation with the patient, treatment strategies were adopted to maximize the preservation of prognostically questionable teeth. Eight years later, the patient had a highly atrophied maxilla that could be successfully restored with implants. This was achieved with 2 zygoma implants and 2 anterior conventional implants, which were immediately loaded according to the All-on-4 concept and immediately provided with a definitive prosthetic restoration. The case report demonstrates to the general practitioner that using zygoma implants in such constellations may offer a solution to achieve a fixed, rapid, and financially acceptable prosthetic rehabilitation.
Wychowanie moralne w rodzinie w narracji socjopedagogicznej
Authors:   Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Mariański Janusz
Published: March 2024

It is in the family that the goals of religious and moral upbringing are realized most strongly, and the family is the most important place for religious and moral formation. In the present sociopedagogical analysis, we will highlight some possibilities and difficulties in moral upbringing, both from a sociological perspective and in the light of pedagogical reflection. Such discussions are important in view of the ongoing deconstruction of many of the values and norms hitherto prevailing in societies and the weakening of moral education processes in the family. Moral upbringing – considered from a sociological point of view – leads to such a stage of personality development, where the individual decides on the moral value of his or her actions, on what is right or wrong, honest or dishonest, based on the moral principles, goals and ideals commonly recognized in a given culture.
The Use of Digital Tools During Distance Learning
Authors:   Mykolaiv V.O. Sukhomlynsky National University, Shcherbakova Olena , Nikiforchuk Svitlana ,   Mykolaiv V.O. Sukhomlynsky National University
Published: March 2024

The article reveals the problem of the simultaneous development of methods of the use of information and communication technologies application in the teaching process of an educational institution. In the current conditions of education, in the conditions of war, the educational model can exist only in combination with the use of modern technologies for teaching English. The education system needs to modernize teaching methods by means of innovative tools of information and communication technologies and to carry out such training of teachers at the state level, as well as to rely on the self-education of active teachers-practitioners. Instead of simply restricting students to linear displays, such as reading text from a book, media products create this process by involving various elements to make it more dynamic and interesting. The authors analyzed the advantages and peculiarities of the technology which are actively used in the presentation of information. When introducing and updating lexical or grammatical material, it is effective to use presentations that contain not only certain information, grammatical material, but also slides with illustrations, pictures, and small text tasks. The authors also gave information about some wide spread digital platforms for teaching and learning that are convenient as for teachers so for students. Moodle is an integration platform for teaching a foreign language: it is quite stable, scalable, and modularity and support for open integration protocols have been a priority for developers from the very beginning. Puzzle English is an online platform (website and mobile applications) for self-study of a foreign language. Kahoot is a free educational platform that can be used to conduct interactive classes and test students’/pupils’ knowledge through online testing. It is suitable for studying any academic discipline in any education institution. Canva was created as a graphic resource, but now it is actively used by teachers.