bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A state-wide picture of koala rescue and rehabilitation in New South Wales during the 2019–2020 bushfires
Authors: Lunney Daniel , Cope Holly , Sonawane Indrie , Haering Ron
Published: May 2022

Koala rescue from the bushfires over the extended 2019–2020 fire season in NSW was a high-profile media topic over many months. We sought to determine how many fire-affected koalas were rescued and admitted to rehabilitation in NSW, what was the fate of these koalas, what parts of the state were involved, and how many other koalas entered rehabilitation at the same time? These matters are not only of broad public interest, it is important information for the conservation and management of koalas. The fire season ended in March 2020. In June 2020 we wrote to and received replies from, the licensed rehabilitation groups in NSW that rescued koalas, seeking to quantify the impact of the 2019–2020 bushfires. The answers were: 209 koalas came into care due to the bushfires, and of these, 106 were either euthanised or died, 74 were released, and the remainder were still in care, but due for release soon. The number of koalas that came into care for reasons not related to the fires over the same time period was 307. From the point of view of each surviving individual koala, the rehabilitation was a success. What the rescue and rehabilitation has done is highlight the difficulties that koalas face in dealing with fire. This information will contribute to koala management at a local, State and Commonwealth level, particularly in relation to koala rehabilitation policies, and it will be increasingly important given the likelihood of more frequent fires.
A dramaturgia nos meios audiovisuais e seu sistema de significação
Authors: Cavalcante Ana Cláudia Silva
Published: May 2022

O artigo Identifica os principais elementos que compõem a gramática da ficção audiovisual, destacando que as escritas dramatúrgicas feitas para cinema e televisão se desenvolvem em três dimensões: a dimensão visual ou imagética, a dimensão sonora, além da construção verbal que lastreia a encenação, o que possibilita a descrição de circunstâncias, estados emocionais, definição de ambientes, construção de personagens e a composição de diálogos. Essas três dimensões constituem um sistema complexo de significação. O estudo colabora com a compreensão das especificidades da linguagem audiovisual, evidenciando diálogos, no sentido proposto por Mikhail Bakhtin, travados entre os primórdios do cinema e outras modalidades artísticas, tais como o teatro, a dança e as artes pictóricas.
De corpos e palavras: a dramaturgia de Raimund Hoghe
Authors: Munk Leonardo
Published: May 2022

Considerando as transformações que o conceito de dramaturgia sofreu nas últimas décadas no campo dos estudos da cena, este artigo tem como objetivo investigar esse fenômeno no contexto da produção artística do dramaturgo e performer alemão Raimund Hoghe. Dedicando-se inicialmente à dramaturgia das peças do Tanztheater Wuppertal de Pina Bausch por quase uma década, Hoghe começou a compor a partir da década de 1990 suas próprias peças, onde também atuaria como intérprete. Destacando-se como um dos diretores mais instigantes da cena contemporânea, seu caminho é paradigmático na tendência da indistinção da atividade entre aqueles responsáveis pelo movimento e aqueles responsáveis pelo texto.
A dama do teatro e seu intenso caminhar pelo tempo
Authors: Uzel Marcos
Published: May 2022

O artigo enfoca a trajetória da atriz Nilda Spencer, uma das mulheres mais importantes na memória das artes cênicas na Bahia. O texto, com inclusões de trechos da biografia "Nilda: a dama e o tempo", escrita por Marcos Uzel, traz um perfil da dama do teatro baiano, evidenciando como ela se destacou de forma efetiva na dinâmica da cultura de uma cidade. Revela os devaneios de infância; os sonhos de juventude, aspirando ao cinema; a fusão de comportamentos da mulher que transgrediu sem deixar de ter atitudes conservadoras; o trânsito pelas rodas da elite; as noites da boêmia em ambientes libertários e marginalizados e, sobretudo, a carreira de fôlego da artista que foi pioneira n província dos anos 1950 e atuou até o fim da vida.
Effect of Mailing an At-home Disposal Kit on Unused Opioid Disposal After Surgery
Authors: Agarwal Anish K. , Lee Daniel , Ali Zarina , Wu Yaxin , Coniglio Mary , Uritsky Tanya , Delgado M. Kit
Published: May 2022

This randomized clinical trial tests the effect of a mailed, at-home disposal kit on disposal rates of unused opioids after surgery.
Impact of various types of provocative advertisements on brand recall and attention engagement: Pilot study report
Authors: Kilijanek Aleksandra , Ozga Wioletta Karina
Published: May 2022

The study's main goal was to investigate the impact of various types of shocking content of provocative advertisements on brand recall and visual attention engagement. The experiment used the eye‐tracker (iViewX RED500) to record the eye movements. Forty‐one participants were divided into two groups. Provocative (drastic, religious, and erotic) advertisements were presented experimental group while the control group was shown modified illustrations without provocative content. The study revealed that the average fixation time and fixation counts on erotic element were significantly higher in provocative advertisements than in their non‐provocative equivalents. Average fixations time on the brand was significantly greater in non‐provocative advertisements than in erotic versions of these ads. It was found that the shocking element and brand were better remembered in provocative advertisements containing religious content than in their non‐provocative equivalents. In contrast, these elements were less remembered in advertisements containing drastic content than in their non‐provocative equivalents.
Drug control strategy calls for bolstering SUD workforce
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2022

A key element of the National Drug Control Strategy released last month by the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) is the addiction treatment workforce — specifically, building it and the infrastructure that supports it.
Broad coalition calls for increasing addiction workforce
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2022

The Coalition to Stop Opioid Overdose (CSOO), a group pulled together by the American Society of Addiction Medicine and including many mental health organizations such as the American Psychiatric Association, the National Council for Mental Wellbeing, the Behavioral Health Association of Providers and the Kennedy Forum, has sent a letter to Congress calling for strengthening the addiction service workforce via fiscal year 2023 (FY23) appropriations. For the specific bills in question, see the accompanying chart.
Centers express concerns about workforce this year
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2022

We asked the leaders of top addiction treatment programs, most of whom were heading to the annual meeting of the National Association of Addiction Treatment Providers (NAATP) in San Diego last week, to respond to some questions about the workforce.
Direct Ink Writing of 4D Structural Colors
Authors: Sol Jeroen A. H. P. , Smits Luc G. , Schenning Albert P. H. J. , Debije Michael G.
Published: May 2022

Additive manufacturing with stimuli‐responsive materials—4D printing—is a rapidly growing field, with direct ink writing allowing deposition of a wide variety of materials. The synthesis of a humidity‐sensitive cholesteric liquid crystal oligomer ink is reported. With the responsive cholesteric ink, demonstrator devices exhibiting the ink's “four dimensionality” are printed in disparate fashions: as a structural color change or as a preprogrammed deformation mode. After printing, the photonic ink changes color in response to atmospheric humidity, demonstrated as a hydrochromic coating precisely deposited atop a 3D‐printed beetle. After activation in aqueous acid, the beetle exhibits vibrant color shifts across the visible spectrum. Alternatively, a scallop‐inspired actuator with a 3D‐programmed structural color is selectively treated with acid, to allow reversible “opening” and “closing” when exposed to humid and dry air, respectively. The ink enables additive manufacturing of both monolithic and multimaterial stimuli‐responsive, shape‐changing, structurally colored objects, toward broad application of cholesterics in future “smart,” 4D structurally colored devices.
Highly Efficient Full van der Waals 1D p‐Te/2D n‐Bi2O2Se Heterodiodes with Nanoscale Ultra‐Photosensitive Channels
Authors: Wang Weijun , Meng You , Wang Wei , Zhang Zhuomin , Xie Pengshan , Lai Zhengxun , Bu Xiuming , Li Yezhan , Liu Chuntai , Yang Zengbao , Yip SenPo , Ho Johnny C.
Published: May 2022

Continuous miniaturization of semiconductor devices is the key to boosting modern electronics development. However, this downscaling strategy has been rarely utilized in photoelectronics and photovoltaics. Here, in this work, a full‐van der Waals (vdWs) 1D p‐Te/2D n‐Bi2O2Se heterodiode with a rationally designed nanoscale ultra‐photosensitive channel is reported. Enabled by the dangling bond‐free mixed‐dimensional vdWs integration, the Te/Bi2O2Se type‐II diodes show a high rectification ratio of 3.6 × 104. Operating with 100 mV reverse bias or in a self‐power mode, the photodiodes demonstrate excellent photodetection performances, including high responsivities of 130 A W−1 (100 mV bias) and 768.8 mA W−1 (self‐power mode), surpassing most of the reports of other heterostructures. More importantly, a superlinear photoelectric conversion phenomenon is uncovered in these nanoscale full‐vdWs photodiodes, in which a model based on the in‐gap trap‐assisted recombination is proposed for this superlinearity. All these results provide valuable insights in light–matter interactions for further performance enhancement of photoelectronic devices.
Heterostructured Metal–Organic Frameworks/Polydopamine Coating Endows Polyetheretherketone Implants with Multimodal Osteogenicity and Photoswitchable Disinfection
Authors: Deng Yi , Shi Jiacheng , Chan Yau Kei , Bai Ding , Shu Rui , Shi Xiuyuan , Li Yunfei , Li Limei , Yang Xiao , Yang Weizhong
Published: May 2022

Clinically, bacteria‐induced contagion and insufficient osseointegrative property inevitably elicit the failure of orthopedic implants. Herein, a heterostructured coating consisting of simvastatin (SIM)‐laden metal–organic frameworks and polydopamine nanolayers is created on a porous bioinert polyetheretherketone implant. The heterostructured coating significantly promotes cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation through multimodal osteogenicity mechanisms of zinc ion (Zn2+) therapy, SIM drug therapy, and surface micro‐/nano‐topological stimulation. Under the illumination of near‐infrared (NIR) light, singlet oxygen (1O2) and local hyperthermia are produced; besides, NIR light dramatically accelerates the release of Zn2+ ions from heterostructured coatings. Gram‐positive and ‐negative bacteria are effectively eradicated by the synergy of photothermal/photodynamic effects and photo‐induced accelerated delivery of Zn2+ ions. The superior osteogenicity and osseointegration, as well as photoswitchable disinfection controlled by NIR light are corroborated via in vivo results. This work highlights the great potential of photoresponsive heterostructured orthopedic implants in treatment of the noninvasive bone reconstruction of bacteria‐associated infectious tissues through multimodal phototherapy and photoswitchable ion‐therapy.
Confined Assembly of Colloidal Nanorod Superstructures by Locally Controlling Free‐Volume Entropy in Nonequilibrium Fluids
Authors: Zhang Jingyuan , Li Xiao , Liu Yawei , Feng Jiangang , Zhao Jinjin , Geng Yue , Gao Hanfei , Wang Tie , Yang Wensheng , Jiang Lei , Wu Yuchen
Published: May 2022

Long‐range‐ordered structures of nanoparticles with controllable orientation have advantages in applications toward sensors, photoelectric conversion, and field‐effect transistors. The assembly process of nanorods in colloidal systems undergoes a nonequilibrium process from dispersion to aggregation. A variety of assembly methods such as solvent volatilization, electromagnetic field induction, and photoinduction are restricted to suppress local perturbations during the nonequilibrium concentration of nanoparticles, which are adverse to controlling the orientation and order of assembled structures. Here, a confined assembly method is reported by locally controlling free‐volume entropy in nonequilibrium fluids to fabricate microstructure arrays based on colloidal nanorods with controllable orientation and long‐range order. The unique fluid dynamics of the liquid bridge is utilized to form a local region, where the free volume entropy reduction triggers assembly near the three‐phase contact line (TPCL), allowing nanorods to assemble in 2D closest packing parallel to the TPCL for the maximum Gibbs free energy reduction. By manipulating the orientation of liquid flow, microstructures are assembled with programmable geometry, which sustains polarized photoluminescence and polarization‐dependent photodetection. This confined assembly method opens up perspectives on assemblies of nanomaterials with controllable orientation and long‐range order as a platform for multifunctional integrated devices.
Microstructured Hydrogels to Guide Self‐Assembly and Function of Lung Alveolospheres
Authors: Loebel Claudia , Weiner Aaron I. , Eiken Madeline K. , Katzen Jeremy B. , Morley Michael P. , Bala Vikram , Cardenas‐Diaz Fabian L. , Davidson Matthew D. , Shiraishi Kazushige , Basil Maria C. , Ferguson Laura T. , Spence Jason R. , Ochs Matthias , Beers Michael F. , Morrisey Edward E. , Vaughan Andrew E. , Burdick Jason A.
Published: May 2022

Epithelial cell organoids have increased opportunities to probe questions on tissue development and disease in vitro and for therapeutic cell transplantation. Despite their potential, current protocols to grow these organoids almost exclusively depend on culture within 3D Matrigel, which limits defined culture conditions, introduces animal components, and results in heterogenous organoids (i.e., shape, size, composition). Here, a method is described that relies on hyaluronic acid hydrogels for the generation and expansion of lung alveolar organoids (alveolospheres). Using synthetic hydrogels with defined chemical and physical properties, human‐induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived alveolar type 2 cells (iAT2s) self‐assemble into alveolospheres and propagate in Matrigel‐free conditions. By engineering predefined microcavities within these hydrogels, the heterogeneity of alveolosphere size and structure is reduced when compared to 3D culture, while maintaining the alveolar type 2 cell fate of human iAT2‐derived progenitor cells. This hydrogel system is a facile and accessible system for the culture of iPSC‐derived lung progenitors and the method can be expanded to the culture of primary mouse tissue derived AT2 and other epithelial progenitor and stem cell aggregates.
“Water‐in‐Eutectogel” Electrolytes for Quasi‐Solid‐State Aqueous Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hou Xu , Pollard Travis P , He Xin , Du Leilei , Ju Xiaokang , Zhao Wenguang , Li Meirong , Wang Jun , Paillard Elie , Lin Hai , Sun Jingyu , Xu Kang , Borodin Oleg , Winter Martin , Li Jie
Published: May 2022

The development of high safety lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is greatly impeded by the flammability and leakage concerns of typical organic solvent‐based electrolytes. As one of the alternative classes of electrolytes, hydrogel electrolytes exhibit high safety, high flexibility, low cost, and are benign to the environment. However, the narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW) of typical hydrogel electrolytes restricts the operating voltage of battery cells. Here, a new class of “water‐in‐eutectogel (WiETG)” electrolyte is reported, fabricated by combining a hydrogel with a “deep eutectic solvent” (LiTFSI in acetamide). The obtained WiETG electrolyte exhibits non‐flammability, high ionic conductivity, and a wide ESW. LiMn2O4||Li4Ti5O12 cells with the WiETG electrolyte exhibit good cycling stability, high flexibility, and high safety. This newly developed WiETG electrolyte not only broadens the ESW of typical hydrogel electrolytes, but also opens a new perspective on future directions and guidance for the design of high safety electrolytes for flexible LIBs and beyond.
Thioester‐Assisted Sortase‐A‐Mediated Ligation
Authors: Zuo Chong , Ding Ruichao , Wu Xiangwei , Wang Yuanxia , Chu Guo‐Chao , Liang Lu‐Jun , Ai Huasong , Tong Ze‐Bin , Mao Junxiong , Zheng Qingyun , Wang Tian , Li Zichen , Liu Lei , Sun Demeng
Published: May 2022

Sortase A (SrtA)‐mediated ligation, a popular method for protein labeling and semi‐synthesis, is limited by its reversibility and dependence on the LPxTG motif, where “x” is any amino acid. Here, we report that SrtA can mediate the efficient and irreversible ligation of a protein/peptide containing a C‐terminal thioester with another protein/peptide bearing an N‐terminal Gly, with broad tolerance for a wide variety of LPxT‐derived sequences. This strategy, the thioester‐assisted SrtA‐mediated ligation, enabled the expedient preparation of proteins bearing various N‐ or C‐terminal labels, including post‐translationally modified proteins such as the Ser139‐phosphorylated histone H2AX and Lys9‐methylated histone H3, with less dependence on the LPxTG motif. Our study validates the chemical modification of substrates as an effective means of augmenting the synthetic capability of existing enzymatic methods.
Charge Separation by Creating Band Bending in Metal–Organic Frameworks for Improved Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Chenxi , Xie Chenfan , Gao Yuying , Tao Xiaoping , Ding Chunmei , Fan Fengtao , Jiang Hai‐Long
Published: May 2022

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been intensively studied as a class of semiconductor‐like materials in photocatalysis. However, band bending, which plays a crucial role in semiconductor photocatalysis, has not yet been demonstrated in MOF photocatalysts. Herein, a representative MOF, MIL‐125‐NH2, is integrated with the metal oxides (MoO3and V2O5) that feature appropriate work functions and energy levels to afford the corresponding MOF composites. Surface photovoltage results demonstrate band bending in the MOF composites, which gives rise to the built‐in electric field of MIL‐125‐NH2, boosting the charge separation. As a result, the MOF composites present 56 and 42 times higher activities, respectively, compared to the pristine MOF for photocatalytic H2production. Upon depositing Pt onto the MOF, ∼6 times higher activity is achieved. This work illustrates band bending of MOFs for the first time, supporting their semiconductor‐like nature, which would greatly promote MOF photocatalysis.
Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective C−C Bond Insertion of Diazo Esters into Secondary Benzylic Halides for the Synthesis of α,β‐Diaryl‐β‐haloesters
Authors: Wang Fei , Nishimoto Yoshihiro , Yasuda Makoto
Published: May 2022

We report a formal carbon–carbon (C−C) bond insertion via the reaction of secondary benzylic halides (fluorides, chlorides, and bromides) with α‐diazo esters catalyzed by Lewis acid catalysts. Secondary benzylic halides underwent elongation to afford α,β‐diaryl‐β‐haloesters diastereoselectively. Density functional theory calculation revealed that the present formal C−C bond insertion was the result of Lewis acid‐promoted cleavage and the re‐formation of a carbon–halogen bond and that the aryl‐migration step determined the diastereoselectivity. Various diarylmethyl halides and α‐diazo esters were applicable to this reaction system. In addition, ring expansion in cyclic benzylic chlorides was accomplished.
Constructing Organic Electroluminescent Material with Very High Color Purity and Efficiency Based on Polycyclization of the Multiple Resonance Parent Core
Authors: Xu Yincai , Wang Qingyang , Wei Jinbei , Peng Xiaomei , Xue Jianan , Wang Zhiheng , Su Shi‐Jian , Wang Yue
Published: May 2022

Multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) compounds have set off an upsurge of research because of their tremendous application prospects in the field of wide color gamut display. Herein, we propose a novel MR‐TADF molecular construction paradigm based on polycyclization of the multiple resonance parent core, and construct a representative multiple resonance polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (MR‐PAH) based on thepara‐alignment of boron and nitrogen atoms into a six‐membered ring (p‐BNR). Through the retrosynthesis analysis, a concise synthesis strategy with wide applicability has been proposed, encompassing programmed sequential boron esterification, Suzuki coupling and Scholl oxidative coupling. The target model molecule BN‐TP shows green fluorescence with an emission peak at 523 nm and a narrow full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of 34 nm. The organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) employing BN‐TP as an emitter exhibits ultrapure green emission with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.26, 0.70), and achieves a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 35.1 %.
Controlled Synthesis of Cyclic‐Helical Polymers with Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Xu Lei , Gao Bao‐Rui , Xu Xun‐Hui , Zhou Li , Liu Na , Wu Zong‐Quan
Published: May 2022

Cyclic polymers attract attention because of their endless structure and unique properties, which differ from the linear analogs. However, the synthesis of cyclic polymers is difficult and prohibits their functions and applications. In this study, we reported chiral cyclic PdII‐catalysts that initiate a living ring‐expansion polymerization of isocyanides, yielding a single‐handed cyclic‐helical poly(phenyl isocyanide), with predictable molecular weight (Mn) and low dispersity (Mw/Mn), in good yield. Using this method, cyclic bottlebrush polymers were prepared via the grafting‐onto strategy. The cyclic topology was confirmed using various spectroscopic data and atomic force microscope observation. Moreover, the cyclic polymer brushes, comprising of a one‐handed helical backbone, showed interesting photoluminescence and circularly‐polarized luminescence.
Electron Diffraction Enables the Mapping of Coke in ZSM‐5 Micropores Formed during Methanol‐to‐Hydrocarbons Conversion
Authors: Wennmacher Julian T. C. , Mahmoudi Soheil , Rzepka Przemyslaw , Sik Lee Sung , Gruene Tim , Paunović Vladimir , van Bokhoven Jeroen A.
Published: May 2022

Unveiling the coke formation in zeolites is an essential prerequisite for tackling the deactivation of these catalysts in the transformations of hydrocarbons. Herein, we present the direct mapping of coke in the micropores of ZSM‐5 catalysts used in methanol‐to‐hydrocarbons conversion by single‐crystal electron diffraction analysis. The latter technique revealed a polycyclic aromatic structure along the straight channel, wherein the high‐quality data permit refinement of its occupancy to about 40 %. These findings were exploited to analyze the evolution of micropore coke during the reaction. Herein, coke‐associated signals, which correlate with the activity loss, indicate that the nucleation of coke commences in the intersections of sinusoidal and straight channels, while the formation of coke in the straight pores occurs in the late stages of deactivation. The findings uncover an attractive method for analyzing coke deposition in the micropore domain.
Remimazolam anaphylaxis confirmed by serum tryptase elevation and skin test
Authors: Yamaoka M. , Kuroda K. , Matsumoto N. , Okazaki Y. , Minami E. , Yamashita C. , Kurasako T.
Published: May 2022

Anaphylactic reactions during the induction of general anaesthesia are rare. Anaesthetists should determine the pathogenesis of anaphylaxis in order to establish appropriate treatment and prevent recurrence. Very little clinical information has been published to date about anaphylaxis induced by the recently launched drug remimazolam. A 78‐year‐old man, scheduled for elective surgery for colon cancer, became profoundly hypotensive and hypoxic shortly following the induction of general anaesthesia with remimazolam, remifentanil and rocuronium. His physiological derangement was successfully managed with adrenaline, vasopressors and intravenous fluid resuscitation. His serum tryptase level was significantly elevated and an intradermal test with diluted remimazolam revealed a positive reaction, confirming the diagnosis of anaphylaxis. We believe this is the first case report of remimazolam‐induced anaphylactic shock diagnosed with a serum tryptase elevation and positive skin test.
Characterization of diterpene metabolism in rats with ingestion of seed products from Euphorbia lathyris L. (Semen Euphorbiae and Semen Euphorbiae Pulveratum) using UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive MS
Authors: Zhang Jingqiu , Jiang Mingrui , Yue Zhuzhu , Wang Zhicheng , Wang Huinan , Chen Mengyu , Wei Xiaotong , Shi Shuanghui , Wang Menglin , Wang Yingzi
Published: May 2022

Previous pharmacological studies have indicated that diterpenoids are the primary effective chemical cluster in the seeds of Euphorbia lathyris L. The seed products are used in traditional Chinese medicine in the forms of Semen Euphorbiae (SE) and Semen Euphorbiae Pulveratum (SEP). However, the metabolism of the plant's diterpenoids has not been well elucidated, which means that the in vivo metabolite products have not been identified. The current study screened the physiological metabolites of six diterpenes [Euphorbia factor L1 (L1), L2 (L2), L3 (L3), L7a (L7a), L7b (L7b), and L8 (L8)] in feces and urine of rats after oral administration of SE and SEP using UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive MS. A total of 22 metabolites were detected in feces and 8 in urine, indicating that the major elimination route of diterpenoids is via the colon. Hydrolysis, methylation, and glucuronidation served as the primary metabolic pathways of these diterpenoids. In sum, this study contributed to the elucidation of new metabolites and metabolic pathways of SE and SEP, and the new chemical identities can be used to guide further pharmacokinetic studies.
The innervation of the cervical facet joints—an anatomical and histological approach
Authors: Büsken Fabian , Lataster Arno , Herrler Andreas
Published: May 2022

Cervical facet joint pain syndrome accounts for a great amount of cervical pain worldwide. This study aims to provide updated knowledge of cervical facet joint innervation with new anatomical findings. Twenty‐seven cervical facet joints and their innervating structures were dissected from five halves of three human neck specimens. Histologic staining was used to confirm that the samples were nervous tissues, and all samples were documented with photography. Histology: Thirty‐six assumed facet joint branch samples were obtained and stained. Twenty‐two of these were confirmed to be nervous tissue. Therefore, 61% of the samples were identified as facet joint branches. Of all samples, 28% were not nerves. Dissection: At least one medial branch was clearly identified at each dissected cervical level. At some cervical levels, more than one medial branch was found. Anatomical differences, such as a plexus‐like innervation in the high cervical region, were observed. Direct facet joint branches were also discovered. These branches originate directly from the dorsal root of the spinal nerve and were independent from medial branches during their direct pathway toward the facet joint. Direct cervical facet joint branches were identified and a more diverse innervation pattern than previously described of the cervical facet joints was found.
Know how to handle dismissals from teams in an era of expanding rights
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: May 2022

For many years, the courts have ruled that a student‐athlete's participation on an intercollegiate athletics team is a privilege rather than a right. As a result, coaches have traditionally exercised almost complete discretion on who makes and remains on each team. Perhaps out of deference to this level of discretion, in‐season dismissals from a team have been implemented for the most part without being legally contested.
Prepare a crisis communications response plan for handling complex legal, reputational issues
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: May 2022

CLEARWATER, FLORIDA — Behind every legal issue facing your athletics department are communications issues that need to be addressed, according to James F. Haggerty, J.D., Crisis Communications Consultant and President and CEO of PRCG/Haggerty LLC, a strategic communications firm, and the author of Chief Crisis Officer: Structure and Leadership for Effective Communications Response and In the Court of Public Opinion: Winning Strategies for Litigation Communications. He spoke at Stetson University's National Conference on Law and Higher Education.
Rapid bilateral visual loss as the initial clinical manifestation in idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis
Authors: Shao Weiyang , Tian Chunyu , Gao Lixiong , Cui Bei , Shi Qian
Published: May 2022

A 59‐year‐old patient presented with 4‐day acute painless bilateral visual loss, MRI results showed dura enhancement of the frontal, anterior cranial fossa. The patient was considered to have idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis based on laboratory tests and MRI data. After treatment with hormones, the visual acuity obviously improved.
The relationships among career maturity, motivation, and self‐regulation: A longitudinal study
Authors: Lee Hyemi , Joo HyunGyung
Published: May 2022

In this study, we used data from the 2013 Korea Education Longitudinal Study to identify longitudinal relationships among motivation, self‐regulation, and career maturity in Korean elementary, middle, and high school students. Data from three waves were used for autoregressive cross‐lagged modeling—wave 2 (12 years old; sixth graders in elementary school), wave 5 (15 years old; ninth graders in middle school), and wave 7 (17 years old; 11th graders in high school). The results were as follows. First, the autoregressive effect was significant at all time points for all latent variables. Second, the cross‐lagged effect displayed the same direction across all time points, but different results were derived for different variables. The implications of the study are discussed.
Foam Drainage Parametric Study Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method Considering the Non‐Newtonian Behavior
Authors: Mobarak Mohammad , Gatternig Bernhard , Delgado Antonio , Bernstein Thomas , McHardy Christopher , Rauh Cornelia
Published: May 2022

Foam exists in several food and chemical processes. It often delays, contaminates, and obstructs the industrial process, which affects the product's quality and safety. Liquid drainage in foam is one of the most influencing physical phenomena impacting its behavior, and is characterized by its short time scales. The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is applied to develop a consistent method for evaluating the permeability of different foam structures, while considering the non‐Newtonian behavior of its liquid lamella. Foam drainage for non‐Newtonian fluids is not well understood and established in literature. Different geometrical and liquid parameters are thus considered and analyzed, in order to generate a map for the foam permeability.
Recent Progress of Small‐Molecule Ratiometric Fluorescent Probes for Peroxynitrite in Biological Systems
Authors: Ma Qingqing , Xu Shanlin , Zhai Zhaodong , Wang Kai , Liu Xueli , Xiao Haibin , Zhuo Shuping , Liu Yuying
Published: May 2022

Peroxynitrite (ONOO−) as a major reactive oxygen species plays important roles in cellular signal transduction and homeostatic regulation. Precise detection of ONOO−in biological systems is vital for exploring its physiological and pathological function. Among numerous detection methods, fluorescence imaging technology using fluorescent probes offers some advantages, including simple operation, high sensitivity and selectivity, as well as real‐time and nondestructive detection. In particular, ratiometric fluorescent probes, in which the built‐in calibration of the two emission bands prevents interference from the biological environment, have been extensively employed to monitor the fluctuation of bioactive species. In this review, we will discuss small‐molecule ratiometric fluorescent probes for ONOO−in live cells or in vivo, which involves chemical structures, response mechanisms, and biological applications. Moreover, the challenges and future prospects of ONOO−‐responsive ratiometric fluorescent probe are also proposed.
The Pursuit of Perphenylterphenyls
Authors: Du Yuchen , McSkimming Alex , Mague Joel T. , Pascal Robert A.
Published: May 2022

Tetradecaphenyl‐p‐terphenyl (2) was synthesized from 2,3,5,6‐tetraphenyl‐1,4‐diiodobenzene (11) by two methods. Ullmann coupling of 11 with pentaphenyliodobenzene (9) gave compound 2 in 1.7 % yield, and Sonogashira coupling of 11 with phenylacetylene, followed by a double Diels‐Alder reaction of the product diyne 12 with tetracyclone (6), gave 2 in 1.5 % overall yield. The latter reaction also gave the monoaddition product 4‐(phenylethynyl)‐2,2′,3,3′,4′,5,5′,6,6′‐nonaphenylbiphenyl (13) in 4 % overall yield. The X‐ray structures of compounds 2 and 13 show them to possess core aromatic rings distorted into shallow boat conformations. Density functional calculations indicate that these unusual structures are not the lowest energy conformations in the gas phase and may be the result of packing forces in the crystal. In addition, while uncorrected DFT calculations indicate that the strain energy in compound 2 is approximately 50 kcal/mol, dispersion‐corrected DFT calculations suggest that it is essentially unstrained, due to compensating, favorable, intramolecular interactions of its many phenyl rings. An attempted synthesis of tetradecaphenyl‐o‐terphenyl (4) by reaction of diphenylhexatriyne (14) with three equivalents of tetracyclone at 350 °C gave only the diadduct 2‐(phenylethynyl)‐2′,3,3′,4,4′,5,5′,6,6′‐nonaphenylbiphenyl (15) in 17 % yield. Even higher temperatures failed to produce 4 and lowered the yield of 15, perhaps due to rapid decomposition of the starting materials. Ullmann coupling of 3,4,5,6‐tetraphenyl‐1,2‐diiodobenzene (16) and compound 9 also failed to give compound 4.
HPLC‐Based Automated Synthesis of Glycans in Solution
Authors: Escopy Samira , Singh Yashapal , Stine Keith J. , Demchenko Alexei V.
Published: May 2022

As the 21st century unfolds with rapid changes, new challenges in research and development emerge. These new challenges prompted us to repurpose our HPLC−A platform that was previously used in solid phase glycan synthesis to a solution phase batch synthesis described herein. The modular character of HPLC allows for implementing new attachments. To enable sequential synthesis of multiple oligosaccharides with the single press of a button, we supplemented our system with a four‐way split valve and an automated fraction collector. This enabled the operator to load all reagents and all reactants in the autosampler, press the button to start the repetitive automation sequence, leave the lab, and upon return find products of multiple reactions ready for purification, analysis, and subsequent application.
Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical Responses of AlN Two‐Dimensional Monolayer: A Real‐Time First‐Principles Study
Authors: Choe Myong‐Il , Kim Kwang‐Hyon
Published: May 2022

Two‐dimensional materials have recently attracted attention due to their unique physical properties and promising applications. This work reports the electronic, linear and second‐order nonlinear optical properties of aluminum nitride (AlN) monolayer by using a real‐time first‐principles approach based on Green's function theory. In this approach, quasi‐particle corrections, crystal local field effects, and excitonic contributions are considered for investigating the linear and nonlinear responses. As a two‐dimensional material with a wide direct gap of around 6.45 eV, the AlN monolayer exhibits strong resonances of absorption and second‐harmonic spectra in the ultraviolet range. In the transparent spectral range from blue to deep ultraviolet (2.8–5.3 eV), strong peaks of second‐order nonlinear susceptibility appear in the AlN monolayer with a large peak value of around 430 pm/V, which is one or two orders‐of‐magnitude larger than the nonlinear materials used in the ultraviolet range. The results presented in this work will find important applications for nonlinear imaging, spectroscopy, and nonlinear nanophotonics in the ultraviolet range.
Revealing the Reaction and Fading Mechanism of FeSe2 Cathodes for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Tao Donggang , Chen Dong , Yang Hongkai , Xu Fei
Published: May 2022

Rechargeable Mg batteries (RMBs) are advantageous large‐scale energy‐storage devices because of the high abundance and high safety, but exploring high‐performance cathodes remains the largest difficulty for their development. Compared with oxides and sulfides, selenides show better Mg‐storage performance because the weaker interaction with the Mg2+ cation favors fast kinetics. Herein, nanorod‐like FeSe2 was synthesized and investigated as a cathode for RMBs. Compared with microspheres and microparticles, nanorods exhibit higher capacity and better rate capability with a smaller particle size. The FeSe2 nanorods show a high capacity of 191 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and a good rate performance of 39 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1. Ex situ characterizations demonstrate the Mg2+ intercalation mechanism for FeSe2, and a slight conversion reaction occurs on the surface of the particles. The capacity fading is mainly because of the dissolution of Fe2+, which is caused by the reaction between Fe2+ and Cl− of the electrolyte during the charge process on the surface of the particles. The surface of FeSe2 is mainly selenium after long cycling, which may also dissolve in the electrolyte during cycling. The present work develops a new type of Mg2+ intercalation cathode for RMBs. More importantly, the fading mechanism revealed herein has considered the specificity of Mg battery electrolyte and would assist a better understanding of selenide cathodes for RMBs.
Single‐cell profiling‐guided combination therapy of c‐Fos and histone deacetylase inhibitors in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Wang Luqiao , Wu Zijuan , Xia Yi , Lu Xueying , Li Ji , Fan Lei , Qiao Chun , Qiu Hairong , Gu Danling , Xu Wei , Li Jianyong , Jin Hui
Published: May 2022

Background

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have been widely applied in multiple tumours, but the expected efficacy was not observed in DLBCL. Therefore, this study is aimed to explore superior HDACis and optimise a relative combinational therapeutic strategy.

Methods

The antitumour effects of the drug were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay and apoptosis analysis. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐Seq) was used to analyse the intratumoural heterogeneity of DLBCL cells. Whole‐exome sequencing and RNA sequencing were performed to analyse the genetic and transcriptional features. Western blotting, qRT–PCR, protein array, immunohistochemistry, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were applied to explore the involved pathways. The antitumour effects of the compounds were assessed using subcutaneous xenograft tumour models.

Results

LAQ824 was screened and confirmed to kill DLBCL cells effectively. Using scRNA‐Seq, we characterised the heterogeneity of DLBCL cells under different drug pressures, and c‐Fos was identified as a critical factor in the survival of residual tumour cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that combinatorial treatment with LAQ824 and a c‐Fos inhibitor more potently inhibited tumour cells both in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusion

Altogether, we found an HDACi, LAQ824, with high efficacy in DLBCL and provided a promising HDACi‐based combination therapy strategy.
Stability of drugs of abuse in synthetic oral fluid investigated using a simple “dilute and inject” method of analysis
Authors: Gavrilović Ivana , Musenga Alessandro , Wolff Kim , Woffendin Alison , Smart Andrew , Gong Fan , Harding Duncan , Cowan David
Published: May 2022

Human oral fluid is well established as a matrix for drug screening, particularly in the workplace. The need to synthesise synthetic oral fluid (SOF) has been recognised in order to overcome human oral fluid's composition variability. We have used SOF spiked with six common drugs of abuse or their primary metabolites: morphine, amfetamine, benzoylecgonine, cocaine, diazepam, and (−)‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in order to assess the suitability of this matrix for quality assurance purposes. For confirmation of a drug screening test, controls and spiked standards are normally required. All our analytes were detected by LC–MS/MS using a quick and easy “dilute and inject” sample preparation approach as opposed to relatively slower solid‐phase extraction. The limit of detection (LOD) was 10 ng/ml for diazepam and THC and 5 ng/ml for morphine, amfetamine, benzoylecgonine and cocaine. Validation results showed good accuracy as well as inter‐ and intra‐assay precision (CV [%] < 5). Our work highlighted the importance of adding Tween® 20 to the SOF and calibrants to reduce losses when handling THC. Furthermore, drug stability was tested at various temperatures (5°C, 20°C and 40°C), for a number of days or after freeze–thaw cycles. Recommendations regarding storage are provided, the spiked SOF being stable at 5°C for up to 1 week without significant drug concentration loss.
DNAdamage in a Chilean population exposed to pesticides and its association withPON1(Q192RandL55M) susceptibility biomarker
Authors: Zúñiga‐Venegas Liliana , Pancetti Floria C.
Published: May 2022

The active ingredients in pesticides are known to be genotoxic that can cause mutations, chromosomal aberrations, or other types of DNA damage. Early detection of genotoxicity reduces the risk of developing diseases such as cancer or suffering from reproductive disorders. In turn, the genotoxic risk depends on the intrinsic capability of the individual to metabolize and eliminate the xenobiotic from the organism. This study aimed to determine if two polymorphisms of paraoxonase‐1 (PON1), which is involved in the metabolism of several organophosphate (OP) pesticides, are predictors of susceptibility to DNA damage in agricultural workers and inhabitants of rural areas chronically exposed to pesticides. A cross‐sectional study was made considering three groups: agricultural workers (occupational exposure, OE,n = 85), rural inhabitants (environmental exposure, EE,n = 60), and an unexposed group conformed by people living far from agricultural areas (U,n = 33). The level of individual DNA damage was measured using the comet assay, and genotyping was done to determine the PON1 Q192R and L55M polymorphisms. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrilcholinesterase activities were also measured to determine exposure to OP. Individuals belonging to EE and OE groups displayed higher levels of DNA damage compared with U group (p < .001). OP exposure was the main predictor of genotoxicity (β = 16.19; 95% CI: 1.85, 30.52), instead of PON1 polymorphisms (β = −12.20; 95% CI: −27.87, 3.48). These results confirm the genotoxic effects of pesticide exposure and suggest that the catalytic efficiency of PON1 to metabolize OP pesticides becomes negligible in individuals with a history of long‐term environmental or occupational exposure to these substances.
Efficiency enhancement techniques of microwave and millimeter‐wave antennas for 5G communication: A survey
Authors: Nahar Tapan , Rawat Sanyog
Published: May 2022

Efficiency is a critical antenna parameter that describes how well an antenna emits and accepts electromagnetic signals. When an antenna has poor efficiency, the input power is only partially radiated and is primarily wasted due to internal losses such as conduction, dielectric, mismatching, and several other losses within the antenna. In order to enhance signal quality, a communication system requires an antenna with high efficiency and gain. The fifth‐generation wireless system will use millimeter wave spectrum along with sub 1 GHz and sub 6 GHz bands to fulfill wide bandwidth, ultra‐high‐speed, and low latency requirements of 5G communication. Compact low‐profile antenna with high radiation efficiency, high gain, and wideband characteristics are required to support bandwidth requirements of 5G and mitigate the signal degradation due to high link losses caused by environmental absorptions at the millimeter‐wave (mm‐wave) spectrum. Compact planar antennas have become an important part of modern wireless communication equipment, but these antennas are associated with many issues like low efficiency, poor gain, small radiation resistance, and high cross‐polarization, which is due to the increased conductor and dielectric losses, surface wave losses and so forth. Various techniques need to be employed for the improvement of the efficiency of the antenna, which results in high gain low loss antenna characteristics. This article presents the survey of various efficiency enhancement techniques for 5G antennas and a review of structures that provides good radiation efficiency for 5G communications.
The Role of Small Modular Reactors in Decarbonization
Authors: DeCotis Paul A. , Cartwright Echo D.
Published: May 2022

Decarbonization efforts underway to meet climate mitigation goals worldwide are forcing regulators, policymakers, electric grid operators, and parts of the scientific community to reconsider the role of nuclear power in the transition. Many proponents of nuclear power argue that nuclear technologies can play a role in advancing a clean energy economy, while others argue that it has no role in such an economy until treatment and disposal of nuclear waste can be safely managed. The US Department of Energy (DOE), for example, has been supporting research and development (R&D) in advanced small modular nuclear reactors (SMRs) for some time and is hopeful that nuclear power in the form of SMRs can play a role.
Recovering High‐Quality Host Genomes from Gut Metagenomic Data through Genotype Imputation
Authors: Marcos Sofia , Parejo Melanie , Estonba Andone , Alberdi Antton
Published: May 2022

Metagenomic datasets of host‐associated microbial communities often contain host DNA that is usually discarded because the amount of data is too low for accurate host genetic analyses. However, genotype imputation can be employed to reconstruct host genotypes if a reference panel is available. Here, the performance of a two‐step strategy is tested to impute genotypes from four types of reference panels built using different strategies to low‐depth host genome data (≈2× coverage) recovered from intestinal samples of two chicken genetic lines. First, imputation accuracy is evaluated in 12 samples for which both low‐ and high‐depth sequencing data are available, obtaining high imputation accuracies for all tested panels (>0.90). Second, the impact of reference panel choice in population genetics statistics on 100 chickens is assessed, all four panels yielding comparable results. In light of the observations, the feasibility and application of the applied imputation strategy are discussed for different species with regard to the host DNA proportion, genomic diversity, and availability of a reference panel. This method enables leveraging insofar discarded host DNA to get insights into the genetic structure of host populations, and in doing so, facilitates the implementation of hologenomic approaches that jointly analyze host and microbial genomic data.