bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Z-Axis Displacement Sensor Based on Total-Internal Reflection and Surface Plasmon Resonance in Heterodyne Interferometry
Authors: Wang Shinn Fwu , Chen Ting Huan , Ke Pei Cheng , Chu Yi , Liao Yu Pin , Chau Yuan Fong , Kao Fu Hsi , Liu An Li
Published: August 2013

In this paper, a z-axis displacement sensor based on Total-Internal Reflection and Surface Plasmon Resonance in heterodyne interferometry is proposed. The sensing unit is composed of a parallelogram prism, i.e. elongated prism, and a displacement probe. One side surface of the elongated prism was coated with a 2 nm Ti-film and a 45.5 nm Au-film, but the other side surface of that were not coated with metal films. The z-axis displacement sensor is with high sensitivity and resolution due to multiple attenuated total reflections and total internal reflections effects. Besides, we can obtain the results of the experiment in a distant place by uses of the USB data acquisition card (DAQ card) and a ZigBee module. In fact, the displacement resolution of the z-axis displacement meter can reach sub-nanometer by numerical simulation. The small-displacement sensor has some merits, e.g., in real-time test, easy operation, high measurement accuracy, high resolution, etc.
Waste Mycelium Processing and Resource Utilization
Authors: Ren Xiao Qiong , Zhao Feng Qing
Published: August 2013

The waste mycelium containing a certain amount of antibiotic is a byproduct of the fermentation industry. If not handled properly, it would cause environmental pollution and result abuse of antibiotics. This paper introduces the treatment and resource utilization technologies of waste mycelium, including extraction of chitosan and ergosterol from waste mycelium, preparation of activated carbon, and preparation of gypsum retarder with waste mycelium. The integrated process of waste mycelium utilization was proposed.
New Technologies for Asset Management Applied to Oil Fields
Authors: Moraes Eduardo Cardoso , Tanajura Ana Paula , Lepikson Herman Augusto
Published: August 2013

Asset management is an integrated process that aims to achieve the alignment of corporate goals, information systems capable of making rigorous and consistent spending decisions based on asset-level data and cross-functional expertise between the various business process skills. In oil fields, managing the asset requires the decision-making from an integrated analysis of data that enables the understanding of interventions in the field in a comprehensive manner. For this, we propose an approach that by building a database of technical and economic variables, procedures and engineering methods to structure the information, and alignment with organizational strategy, more rational decision and better performances will be possible. These decisions can affect daily oilfield operations, direct investments or even disable an oil field facility.
Development and Prospect of Genetically Engineered Pharmaceutics
Authors: Huang Ya Qiong , White Kenneth L. , Shi De Shun , Chen Xu Jian , Li Jia Zhou , Zeng Shi Yuan , Zhao Shi Hua , Ruan Gui Wen
Published: August 2013

With the rapid development of modern biology and technology, Genetically Engineered Pharmaceutics has become the most important field in modern medicinal industry. Currently, we have taken concern that the Genetically Engineered Pharmaceutics has been a subject of research. As advanced genetically engineered technology, genetic therapy, the point mutation techniques, DNA shuffling, RNA interference (RNAi) technology, the bioinformatics for genome and proteome analyses, the high throughput screening technology, etc. can be applied in the treatment of cancer, and other targeted therapies. A great deal of advanced technologies accelerates the development of genetically engineered pharmaceutics, and plays a key role in genetically engineered pharmaceutics. With the advances in genetically engineered pharmaceutics, we look forward to finding more new drugs, such as the high-value peptides, small functional molecular groups, proteins, especially antibodies, vaccines, enzymes, and therapeutic peptides. These developments continue to secure greater health outcomes of human being at all aspects in the long run. In this article, the development and prospect of Genetically Engineered Pharmaceutics are reviewed, and furthermore, the potential development and huge prospects are also presented.
Determination of the Geographic Origin of Rice by Chemometrics with the Ethyl Acetate Extracts from Rice
Authors: Shen Shi Gang , Xia Li Ya , Gong Dong Jun
Published: August 2013

To distinguish the geographic origin of rice, high performance liquid chromatogram of the ethyl acetate extracts of rice was analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Total of 23 characteristic peaks which closely related to the origin information were determined by stepwise LDA and PCA. Among these characteristic peaks, the peaks at 22.06min, 38.00 min, 40.66 min, 35.93 min, 17.87 min and 5.39min played even more significant roles. The discrimination accuracies and cross-validation obtained by LDA achieved 100.0% and 97.7%, respectively. The results indicated that the proposed method could be efficiently used to control the quality of Xiangshui rice and providing a reference method for chemical pattern recognition for other geography sign product.
Nano Composite Membranes of Sulfonated Poly(ether sulfone)s Containing Tetraphenylethylene moiety and SiO2 for PEMFC
Authors: Lim Young Don , Lee Soon Ho , Hossain Md. Awlad. , Choi Seong Young , Lim Jin Seong , Jeong In Seok , Yoo Yeong Lim , Hong Taew Han , Kim Whan Gi
Published: August 2013

Conjugated cis/trans isomer-based polymer membranes were prepared with 25 mol% of bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-diphenylethylene (BHDPE). BHDPE has a conjugated nonplanar conformation structure containing the peripheral four aromatic rings which facilitate the formation of π-π interactions. A series of sulfonated poly (ethersulfone) s (SPBHDPE) was synthesized with concentrated sulfuric acid. The sulfonation took place selectively on the BHDPE unit, and simultaneously on the side-chain and main-chain phenyl groups. The SPBHDPEs consisted of a 4:6 ratio of cis and trans form mixtures. Composite membranes were prepared with copolymers and SiO2 nanoparticles (20 nm, 4~10%wt). The composite membranes were cast from DMSO. A series of composite membranes structures and characteristic were evaluated by the 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and thermal stabilities. The membranes were performed by ion exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake and proton conductivity.
Controlled Release of Atractylodes lancea Extract from Rice Starch-Konjac Glucomannan Film
Authors: Satirapipathkul Chutimon , Meesukanun Kritsada
Published: August 2013

Rice starch (RS)-konjac glucomannan (KGM) blend films were prepared using different concentrations of RS, KGM and glycerol. Their mechanical properties were determined. All the films exhibited significantly higher values of tensile strength and elongation at break than those of neat starch films. The values varied considerably depending on KG and glycerol content. TheAtractylodes lanceaextract was embedded into the films and its release characteristics were controlled by changing the initial KG content. This study suggests that the prepared film has a potential use for advanced controlled release of bioactive compounds.
A Facile One-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Graphene/CeO2 Nanocomposite and its Catalytic Properties
Authors: Srivastava Manish , Das Ashok Kumar , Khanra Partha , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee
Published: August 2013

Graphene/CeO2 nanocomposite has been successfully prepared by directly growing CeO2 nanoparticles on graphene sheets via in-situ reduction of graphene oxide containing the metal precursor. The presence of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) results the formation of CeO2 nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution. The structural, morphological, particles size and optical properties of the synthesized products were investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UVvis absorbance spectroscopy, respectively. The XRD pattern shows that graphene/CeO2 nanocomposite is highly crystalline in nature. Growth of CeO2 nanoparticles with size in range of 5-18 nm on the graphene sheet were observed by TEM measurement. Optical energy band gap was calculated to be ~3.30 eV corresponding to direct transition. The catalytic activity of the synthesized nanocomposite was investigated taking hydrazine hydrate as a model system. Significant enhancement in the peak current with respect to CeO2 was observed on graphene/CeO2 nanocomposite-based electrode demonstrating the higher catalytic activity of graphene/CeO2 nanocomposite-based electrode.
Effects of Intermediate Layers on Chemical Ordering and Hard Magnetic Properties of L10 FePt Films
Authors: Chen Sheng Chi , Chen Cong Da , Sun Ta Huang , Hong Wei Hang
Published: August 2013

The FePt (30 nm)/NiO (2 nm) bilayer films with or without an intermediate layer were deposited on Si substrate at ambient temperature by magnetron sputtering. The films were then post-annealed at 700 °C for 3 min by Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) with a high heating ramp rate of 100 °C/sec. The perpendicular coercivity (Hc), in-plane coercivity (Hc//), perpendicular squareness (S) and in-plane squareness (S//) of the film with no intermediate layer are 8.9 kOe, 9.0 kOe, 0.48 and 0.60, respectively. Its chemical ordering is around 0.82. This degrades to 0.62 and 0.48 respectively when Pt and Pd intermediate layers of 5 nm thick are inserted between the FePt and NiO layers. However, when an Ag intermediate layer with a thickness of 5 nm is introduced, the chemical ordering of the film is further increased to 0.91. Its Hc, Hc//, S and S// also increases to 10.2 kOe, 10.6 kOe, 0.62 and 0.68, respectively. The reason for the enhancement in chemical ordering and hard magnetic properties of the FePt film is mainly due to the fact that Ag atoms are immiscible with both Fe and Pt atoms. Instead, Ag tends to segregate at the grain boundary of FePt ; this increases the grain boundary energy, promoting the transformation of soft magnetic fcc FePt into hard magnetic fct L10 FePt films.
Surface Roughness Model when Machining Aluminum Nitride Ceramic with Two Flute Square End Micro Grain Solid Carbide End Mill
Authors: Reddy Moola Mohan , Gorin Alexander , Abou-El-Hossein K.A. , Sujan D.
Published: August 2013

This research presents the performance of Aluminum Nitride ceramic in end milling using two flute square end micro grain solid carbide end mill under dry cutting. Surface finish is one of the important requirements in the machining process. This paper describes mathematically the effect of cutting parameters on surface roughness in end milling process. The quadratic model for the surface roughness has been developed in terms of cutting speed, feed rate, and axial depth of cut using the response surface methodology (RSM). Design of experiments approach was employed in developing the surface roughness model in relation to cutting parameters. The predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental results within the specified range of cutting conditions. Experimental results showed surface roughness increases with increase in the cutting speed, feed rate, and the axial depth of cut.
High CO2 Adsorption Polymeric Foam from Poly(DVB)PolyHIPE Filled with Maleimide-Terminated Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone) Oligomers via High Internal Phase Emulsion
Authors: Dejsukdipol Monreudee , Pakeyangkoon Pornsri , Nithitanakul Manit
Published: August 2013

Polymerized high internal phase emulsion of poly (DVB) polyHIPE filled with maleimide-terminated poly (arylene ether sulfone) oligomers (M-PSO) has been successfully prepared using high internal phase emulsion technique. Poly (DVB) polyHIPE filled with maleimide-terminated poly (arylene ether sulfone) oligomers (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 wt%) were prepared using SPAN80:DDBSS:CTAB (6.3:0.4:0.3) as mixed surfactant. The obtained polyHIPE foams were characterized for their phase morphology, surface area, thermal behaviour, and mechanical properties using SEM, BET, TG/DTA, and a LLOYD Universal Testing machine, respectively. The prepared polyHIPE foams will be used for adsorbing the CO2 produced during the gasification process to increase the heating value of syn gas. Phase morphology of the obtained polyHIPE foams showed an open cellular structure with small interconnectivity. The mechanical properties and decomposition temperatures (Td) increased with increasing filler content from 0 to 10 wt%. The adsorption of CO2 gas by poly (DVB) polyHIPE foam filled with maleimide-terminated poly (arylene ether sulfone) oligomer was found to increase as well (from 3.125 to 3.459 mmol/g) when compared with neat poly (DVB) polyHIPE foam.
Inhibition of Fungal Growth and Material Characteristics of PVC and Wood/PVC Composites Doped with Fungicides
Authors: Kositchaiyong Apisit , Sombatsompop Narongrit
Published: August 2013

Two commercial fungicides, namely, 3-Iodopropinyl-N-butylcarbamate (IPBC) and Methylbenzimidazole-2-ylcarbamate (Carbendazim) were used to improve anti-fungal properties of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) and wood/PVC composite (WPVC) materials. Disk diffusion test and dry weight technique, using Aspergillus niger as a testing fungi, were employed for the anti-fungal assessments. The effects of type and content of fungicides on anti-fungal performances were discussed in association with material properties. For material property characterizations, flexural properties, surface contact angle and surface color changes were observed. The results from anti-fungal test by disk diffusion test revealed that addition of IPBC in PVC or WPVC showed much greater anti-fungal performance than that of Carbendazim in PVC or WPVC. The WPVC samples exhibited better anti-fungal performances than the PVC samples. It can be concluded that wood particles could promote the fungicidal effect of the WPVC composites. It was found that type and content of fungicides used did not significantly alter the flexural properties of the materials whereas the presence of wood resulted in an increase of flexural modulus with a decrease in flexural strength. The surface contact and color changes of PVC and WPVC were observed with addition of IPBC, but not found with Carbendazim.
Antibacterial Ability of HPQM Base Neusilin/Natural Rubber Reinforced with Carbon Black
Authors: Katathikankul Chitsupree , Techangamvong Savaeng , Wimolmala Ekachai , Niltui Piyaporn , Kanking Sirichai , Sombatsompop Narongrit
Published: August 2013

This work studied antibacterial ability of natural rubber (NR) reinforced carbon black N330 at loadings 0, 20, 40 and 60 parts per hundred rubber (phr) and 2-Hydroxypropyl-3-Piperazinyl-Quinoline carboxylic acid Methacrylate (HPQM) based Neusilin at loadings 0 , 3 and 5 phr were used againstEscherichia coli(E.coli) ATCC 25923 andStaphylococcus aureus (S.aureus)ATCC 25922.The Inhibition zone (Disk diffusion) and Plate Count Agar (PCA) methods were employed to assess the ability of the anti-bacterial performance, cure characteristics and mechanical properties such as tensile modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break and hardness. The results suggested that increasing HPQM in appearance of inhibition zone and 99.9 percent reduction ofE.coli. The antibacterial ability HPQM base Neusilin at loadings 5 phr and carbon black at loadings 20 phr were better. The antibacterial ability of NR vulcanizates depends on the level of reinforcement. The tensile strength with using 40 phr of carbon black loading was suggested in this work.
The Effect of Natural Rubber Toughening on Mechanical Properties of Poly(lactic Acid)/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite
Authors: Mat Desa Mohd Shaiful Zaidi , Hassan Azman , Arsad Agus
Published: August 2013

nvestigation was done on the use of natural rubber (NR) as impact modifier in polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposite containing carboxylic functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as nanofillers. NR toughened PLA nancomposite consisting of 1 phr MWCNT and NR contents varies from 5 to 20 wt% were prepared by direct melt blending in a counter-rotating twin-screw extruder followed by injection moulding into test specimens for mechanical properties analysis. The tensile, flexural and impact test analysis were carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of PLA/NR/MWCNT nanocomposites at different loading of NR. As comparison, pure PLA, PLA/NR with 5 wt% NR and PLA/MWCNT with 1 phr nanotubes were also prepared with similar method. Results indicated that introduction of NR into PLA/MWCNT contributed to significant improvement in impact strength and ductility of the nanocomposite. Moreover, the deterioration effect of nancomposites stiffness, mechanical and flexural strength due to the introduction of NR was minimized with the presence of MWCNT in the nanocomposite system.
Effects of Various Co-Surfactants and Oils on Microemulsion Formation in Decylglucoside System
Authors: Pakpayat Natthida , Boonme Prapaporn
Published: August 2013

Decylglucoside is a non-ionic, non-toxic, biodegradable surfactant. This work aimed to establish composition where stable microemulsions could form using hydrophilic lipophilic deviation (HLD) concept to optimise the formulations. Scanning for suitable ratios of surfactant and co-surfactant was carried out by altering the surfactant/co-surfactant (S/CoS) ratios with two co-surfactants and seven different oils in order to find the optimum formulations. From the optimal S/CoS ratios, pseudo-ternary phase diagrams by dilution were subsequently performed, leading to obtain microemulsion zones. The zones of microemulsions could be observed in the systems composed of decylglucoside/sorbitan monooleate/isopropyl myristate/water at the 0.10/0.90 and 0.20/0.80 S/CoS ratios and decylglucoside/sorbitan monooleate /isopropyl palmitate/water at the 0.10/0.90, 0.15/0.85 and 0.20/0.80 S/CoS ratios. The microemulsion zones of two systems were similar and found at high surfactant concentrations. However, the studied decylglucoside microemulsion systems were interesting in drug and cosmetic applications because it consisted of non-ionic surfactant and co-surfactant, resulting low toxic products.
Radio-Frequency Sensors for Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials
Authors: Park Joong Suk , Han Jeong Woo , Nguyen Cam
Published: August 2013

We report several radio-frequency (RF) sensors for possible use in material NDE and process control: an ultra-wide band (UWB) impulse sensor and microwave and millimeter-wave stepped-frequency sensors. The UWB sensor generates ultra-short pulses directly while the stepped-frequency sensors produce ultra-short pulses indirectly through pulse-synthesis. Ultra-short pulses possess ultra-wide bandwidths and have uniquely desirable characteristics such as fine resolution and high accuracy for material assessment. The UWB impulse sensor operates over multiple pulse durations from 450 to 1170 ps with 5.5-GHz RF bandwidth. It performs well through tests of various samples, demonstrating its usefulness for sensing. The microwave stepped-frequency sensor operates from 0.6 to 5.6 GHz and the millimeter-wave stepped-frequency sensor operates from 29.72-37.7 GHz. They have demonstrated abilities in surface and near-surface sensing of various structures. These developed compact RF sensors are attractive for NDE and process control of materials and various other sensing applications.
System Design Considerations for Satellite Communications on the Move
Authors: Gu Yong Hong , Lu Rui Min , Xie Shi Jun
Published: August 2013

Communications on the Move (COTM) has gained a great deal of attention recently. The need for broadband connectivity from a moving vehicle has increased dramatically in the past few years for both commercial and military applications. This paper will discuss elements and considerations of providing satellite communications on a moving platform from a system perspective. It will focus on Internet Protocol (IP) over satellite since IP has become the dominant protocol for newly deployed voice and video applications. A global COMT network has much great degree of complexity than a regional network since it will require beam switchover and IP routing re-convergence as a vehicle moves from one satellite beam to another. This paper will present some approaches to COTM system design including antenna size and link budget, spectral density, the Doppler effect, beam and teleport switchover.
Formal Model of Classic Operating System Kernel
Authors: Gong Sheng Wen
Published: August 2013

In this paper we describe a model of a classic operating system kernel. We start out with an overview of the main components of the kernel and then present an exact definition of each of these components.
An Identity on Resistance Distances
Authors: Yang Yu Jun
Published: August 2013

On the basis of electrical network theory, Klein and Randić [Journal of Mathematical Chemistry 12 (1993) 81-9 proposed the novel concept of resistance distance. They view a graph as an (resistive) electrical network by considering each edge of the graph as a unit resistor. Then the resistance distance between any two vertices is defined as the effective resistance between these two nodes in the corresponding electrical network. In the present work, an interesting identity on resistance distances is obtained, that is, the sum of the resistance distance between end-vertices of an edge e of a plane graph G and the resistance distance between end-vertices of the dual edge e* of e in the dual graph G* of G is equal to one.
Internal Cloud Storage Architecture Implemented in Crop Germplasm Resources Data
Authors: Si Hai Ping , Qiao Yang
Published: August 2013

At the rate data related to crop germplasm resources is growing rapidly, it's not surprising that the study of new storage technology is also growing in popularity. Cloud storage, due to its own advantages including cost, frequency of access, protection, and availability, has been one of the hot buzzwords of the past couple of years. Based on the analysis of the definition and characters of cloud storage, and combined with the characteristics of crop germplasm resources data and databases, this paper discussed the internal cloud storage architecture for crop germplasm resources data, detailed the level of structure diagram, access methods, storage scalability and availability. The study on the new storage architecture gives the model for building easy extension, management and safety of crop germplasm resources data storage system.
Analysis of Precast Piles for Piling Process
Authors: Guo Ji Tan , Wang Jun
Published: August 2013

This passage mainly studies the change of stress and penetration in the process of precast piling. According to the construction of guide bar diesel pile diver and the piling process of diesel pile driver in the reality, this passage analyses the stress and penetration in the process of precast piling practically and theoretically with the LS-DYNA module of the finite element software, ANSYS, before which the piling experiment has been done. And the conclusion will be reference in later engineering site.
Study on Hydraulic Characteristics of the Dragon-Raise-Head Spillway Tunnel
Authors: Jing Shu Guang , Gao Xue Ping , Han Yun Peng
Published: August 2013

This study compared the hydraulic characteristics of the Dragon-Raise-Head spillway tunnel by using a 3-D turbulence model, taking one specific spill tunnel reconstruction project as an example. In the first place, we proved the feasibility of the numerical stimulation results by the hydraulic model test of the Dragon-Head-Raise spillway tunnel comparatively. Then we comapared discharge capacity, head loss and flow state of four inlet elevations of the Dragon-Raise-Head spillway tunnel. The results showed little influence of different inlet elevations on discharge capacity, head loss and flow state under the premise of smooth curve section. The study would provide evidence for the design and optimization of the Dragon-Raise-Head spillway tunnel.
Research on Seismic Exploration Techniques in Complex Lithologic Oil Filed Exploration
Authors: Peng Xiao Bo
Published: August 2013

The current understanding of complex lithology reservoirs is not enough, and it’s impossible to figure out all the problems during the exploration stage, we need to combine exploration with development, and gradually develop the knowledge on complex geological conditions in the rolling development, effectively combine exploration and development. This paper based on previous studies and goes further to research from all aspects by applying the seismic data of oil region and the adjacent blocks. The purpose is to describe in detail on geological characteristics and reservoir characteristics. Considering seismic data processing, we focus on the main layer data processing to ensure the information under the premise of efforts to improve the data resolution. Finally, we discuss the analysis process of seismic data; the structural interpretation seeks to start on the basis of traps study, for small faults and minor structural analysis, advanced technology were applied to describe the reservoir.
Flexural Strength of PLA/Kenaf Green Composite
Authors: Azmi N.N. , Surip Siti Norasmah , Wan Jaafar Wan Nor Raihan
Published: August 2013

PLA toughened by kenaf green composite were produced involving chemi-mechanical method. The effect of chemical treatment on the surface morphology and flexural properties of PLA/kenaf green composite was investigated. The effect of kenaf fiber loading which is varying for 2%, 4% and 6% on the flexural properties was also investigated. The sample was test for flexural properties according to ASTM D790 and the surface morphology was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that PLA composite toughened with 6% of kenaf gave higher value for MOE which is 944.46 MPa compared to 2% and 4% kenaf loading. This is due to a stiffer material was introduced into PLA matrix. The MOR value for neat PLA is 38.78Mpa. However, the value for MOR was decreased by increasing fiber loading which are 33.43, 28.93 and 29.69 Mpa for 2%, 4% and 6% respectively.
Corrosion Behavior of Steel Structure Residences under Atmospheric Condition in Dujiangyan - A Year Experimental Summary
Authors: Gong Min , Zheng Xing Wen , Fan Jin Long , Chen Xue Dan
Published: August 2013

This study analyzed the corrosion behavior of construction materials which were used for steel structure residences in Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province, under atmospheric condition. Particularly, by using thermohygrometers in different test sites, the effects of local environment on corrosion behavior of experimental materials have been studied. Meanwhile, the study also measured the corrosion rate as well as identified the composition of corrosion products .These findings could help local municipal authorities as well as the community in making a sound management on discarded construction materials in the future.
Study on the Foaming Behavior of PS-CO2 by Using Water or Ethanol as Co-Blowing Agent
Authors: Luo Yi Wei , Xin Chun Ling , Sun Jiao , Yan Bao Rui , He Ya Dong
Published: August 2013

Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been reported as an interesting substitute of banned ozone-depleting blowing agents, such as HCFC and HFC etc., for low-density polystyrene (PS) foam production, but it is difficult to industrialize due to its low solubility in PS matrix; therefore, high pressure is always needed in order to obtain the required gas concentrations for low density foam. Mixtures of blowing agents might be a practical way to make foam processing easy to control. In this paper, the foaming behaviors of PS-CO2 by using water or ethanol as co-blowing agent were investigated. The performances of foams obtained by PS-CO2, PS-CO2-water and PS-CO2-ethanol systems were tested respectively. It was found that cell size increased owing to the existence of co-blowing agent; in particular, the expansion ratio of PS foam obtained by CO2-ethanol was 1.3 times greater than that by CO2. At the same time, cell density as well as apparent density decreased with temperature increasing, while cell size showed the opposite. Cell size and apparent density, rather than cell density, decreased with pressure. These results were explained by the solution behavior of each of blowing agent.
Design and Development of Low Cost Certified Green Building for Non Residential Existing Building (NREB)
Authors: Kassim A.M. , Jamri M.S. , Othman Md Nazri , Rashid M.Z.A. , Ismail S.J.S.
Published: August 2013

The Green Building Index (GBI) is one of rating tool which are provides a prospect for building developers and owners for designing and constructing a green and sustainable buildings. The proposed low cost GBI buildings provide many advantages such as energy savings, water savings, a healthier indoor environment, and better connectivity to public transport. Besides, adoption of recycling and greenery for the projects and can reduce the impact on the environment. However, the implementation to certify as Green Building Index has a lot of concerns such as cost constraint, know how constraints and etc. Therefore, in this paper, the design and development of low cost certified green building by fulfilling the Green Building Index (GBI) is proposed in order to ease the development of green building to have better life for human and environment in this world in term of energy efficiency performances.
Smart City - A New Mentality for Resource-Based Cities’ Sustainable Development
Authors: Fu Bang , Zhou Chen Yu
Published: August 2013

The transformation and the sustainable development of the resource-based cities have been a global problem. Those resource-based cities are facing various crises such as resource exhaustion, economic recession, unemployment rate increasing etc. In this thesis, taking the construction of the Smart City as a breakthrough, industrial structure adjustment and sustainable utilization in resource-based cities would be impelled by using smart technology from city management, infrastructure construction and environment protection three factors. Meanwhile, those crises which have existed would be solved in the same way. Thus the sustainable development can be achieved in resource-based cities.
The Technology of Remote Sensing and its Application to Terrestrial Ecosystem Restoration
Authors: Zhang Si , Xiong Chun Mei
Published: August 2013

Terrestrial ecosystems as the most important type of ecological system provide humanity with a main part of the living environment, food and clothing. However, many of ecological environmental have been severely damaged by human beings irrational activities, such as mining, deforestation, excavation herbs, etc. Faced with ecological and environmental protection pressure, its urgent to carry out ecological restoration projects according to the local conditions. Remote sensing technology is widely used in terrestrial ecosystems restoration because of its objectivity, real-timing, accuracy, covering a wide area and other unique advantages. This article discusses the restoration of terrestrial ecosystems based on remote sensing technology. At last, it analyses development trends of this research area.
The Property of Hierarchical Structure in Manufacturing
Authors: Zhang Ying Xin , Chen Chao , Shi Jian Mai
Published: August 2013

Hierarchical structure is one of the most ubiquitous structures in various networked complex systems. In order to investigate the properties of the hierarchical structure, a deterministic hierarchical network model is first proposed. The statistical properties of the constructed networks are also discussed. The simulation results prove that the artificial networks simultaneously possess the small-world and scale-free properties well. This may be useful in furthering study of the topology properties of the hierarchical networks in real life.
Preventive Maintenance Checklist towards Effective Maintenance System: A Case Study in Semiconductor Industry
Authors: Ab-Samat Hasnida , Basri Ernnie Illyani , Harun Nurul Aida , Wee Siew Ching , Kamaruddin Shahrul
Published: August 2013

Preventive maintenance (PM) is the basic policy in maintenance system and widely used in companies all over the world. However, its advantages are not always fully received by the company because it is not carried out according to prescribed planning and schedule. This is because of improper implementation of the PM that leads to the major problem of increasing number of machine downtime. One of the reasons for the problem is ineffective PM checklist used during the implementation. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to reduce the planned downtime for PM by analyzing and enhancing the PM checklist. This is to show the importance of having good PM checklist as it simplified technicians workload and can reduce machine downtime if conducted properly. Consequently, good PM checklist will show the performances of the technicians doing their tasks as well as the performances of the machines to be operated in good operational condition.
Safety Assessment of Subway Station Operation Based on Grey Clustering Method
Authors: Xiao Xue Mei , Wang Yan Hui , Jia Li Min
Published: August 2013

The safety evaluation index of subway station operation is established from the passengers, equipments and facilities ability, emergency ability and other aspects. Specific to the limitation the traditional entropy weighting method, the improved vertical and horizontal weighting method is puts forward, and safety evaluation method of the subway station operation based on grey clustering method is proposed. Finally, taking the Beijing subway stations in China as an example, the rationality and reliability of this method is verified.
Analyzing Crash Frequency by Collision Type at Freeway Diverge Areas
Authors: Fan Jing Jing , Ding Jian Ming
Published: August 2013

The objective of this study is to analyze the crash frequency by collision type at freeway diverge areas. Three major collision types were identified in this study including rear-end, sideswipe and angle collisions. We compared the crash counts and crash rates by collision type between exit ramp. The data analysis results show that exit ramps with lane-balance design have lower crash frequency and crash rate of rear-end collisions than those not lane-balanced.
Study of Logistics Warehouse Management System Based on RFID
Authors: Jin Ying Li , Gong Ai Ling , Liu Shao Peng
Published: August 2013

According to Modern Warehouse Management System (WMS) for needs of high informationization, high efficiency, high utilization rate and low costs, RFID technology will be combined with WMS in this paper. After that, the structure and working principle of RFID are introduced, and then the advantages of RFID technology are analyzed. Finally, combining with concrete example, the business process about Logistics Warehouse Management System is showed.
Morphology and Mechanical Properties of HDPE/Bio-Polymer as Compounding Materials
Authors: Sulong Nurulsaidatulsyida , Rus Anika Zafiah M.
Published: August 2013

The effect of bio-polymer as compounding material in mechanical properties of HDPE is described in this study. 10% of bio-polymer was added to the HDPE and then mixed by using Brabender Plastograph machine using mixer and roller screw and then test specimens were prepared by injection moulding. The origin bio-polymer (VOP), HDPE and the compounding bio-polymer/ HDPE (CDM) were compared by using tensile test and the microstructure was investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the fractured surface of the samples. The tensile strength of CDM was found to increase that is 17.47 MPa compared to pure VOP that only 5.69 MPa while pure HDPE has the highest tensile strength that is 20.98 MPa. By adding 10% bio-polymer to the HDPE was increased up the strength at about 207.16% while pure HDPE produced 268.91% increment with VOP as the precursor. SEM of the VOP produced brittle fracture surface while CDM have brittle and ductile surface and HDPE has totally ductile surface with highest plastic deformation properties of all.
Aging Behavior of the Polyether Polyurethane Films Irradiated by UV
Authors: Wang Hai Yan , Liu Yu Wen , Sun Bin , Huang Shi Jie , Tian Ji Feng
Published: August 2013

The failure behavior of polyether polyurethane films irradiated by UV depends on its molecular structures evolvement. The molecular structure evolvement of the polyether polyurethane films under UV irradiation were studied by in-situ FTIR spectra in this paper. It has been found that some oxygen contained groups such as hydroxyl group and carbonyl group increase; on the contrary, ether bond and CH2 decrease with the UV irradiation time. The aromatic ring maintains changeless. However, -NH group has not be determined due to the interference of the-OH and O-C=O. Results from FTIR and SEM have shown that UV photodegradative processes participated by oxidization occur mostly in ether segments and is accompanied by crosslinkage. Using the absorbance band of aromatic ring as the base the service life of polyether polyurethane can be determined by the change rate of C-O-C and-CH2 during UV irradiation. After UV irradiation, the polyether polyurethane film has higher color difference value and lower UV light transparence.
A Novel Approach for Bone Scaffold from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Cellulose Phosphate / Glass Material
Authors: Yusup Eliza M. , Mahzan Shahruddin , Mohammad Baharuddin , Wan Daud Wanrosli
Published: August 2013

Current trend has demonstrated the implementation of natural polymers as alternative materials in various engineering applications including biomaterials and biomedical applications. This paper reviews the potential of Cellulose Phosphate derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB-CP) as a biomedical material. OPEFB-CP will act as reinforcement to glass materials in fabricating good and flexible scaffold composite materials. A 3-dimensional scaffold composite material comprised of the cellulose phosphate and glass material was produced by using a sol-gel technique. The composite biomaterial is expected to have degraded together as one material.
Research Progress of the Surface Oxidation of Titanium and its Alloys
Authors: Yu Hui Jun
Published: August 2013

Titanium and titanium alloys possess some attractive properties, such as excellent corrosion and erosion resistance, low densities, high specific strength and modulus, enabling them extensively used in aeronautical, marine, chemical and biomedical applications and so on. Nevertheless, Recent years, the corrosion resistance of titanium and titanium alloys is required to elevate in some fields, proper surface modification such as surface oxidation can solve the problems effectively. In this paper, the recent investigations of thermal oxidation and micro-arc oxidation to improve the corrosion resistant of titanium and its alloys are reviewed. The structures, properties and their influence factors of the coatings are analysed systematically. And the existing problems and the future prospect of the further researches is mentioned.
Effect of Epoxidized Palm Oils Loading on the Crosslink Density and Rebound Resilience Characteristic of SBR Vulcanizates
Authors: Nurul Ayunie Mohd Zaki , Romli A.Z. , Wahab M.A. , Abidin M.H.
Published: August 2013

The study about natural oils as processing aids in rubber was reported by several researchers for the past few years. The natural oils like rice bran oils, soybean oils, sunflower oils, vegetables oils and palm oils can be used as processing oils in rubber compounding [1-3]. These natural oils have been reported to have certain advantages compared to the petroleum based processing oils. In this study the potential of epoxidized palm oils (EPO) as additive and processing oils in carbon black filled styrene butadiene rubber was investigated. The main ingredients used were butadiene rubber (SBR), epoxidized palm oil (EPO) and carbon black. The vulcanized SBR rubber is then undergo several testing like swelling test, hardness and rebound resilience. An attempt was made to see whether the amount of EPO added to the SBR vulcanizates will affect the rebound resilience and swelling behaviour of the SBR vulcanizates. From this study, it was found that the compound contained higher EPO content tend to have lower rebound resilience, similar trend can be observed for hardness properties. While the crosslink density of the vulcanizates is decrease as the EPO content increases.
Mechanical Properties Improvements of Resin-Based Nanocomposites Reinforced by Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Darabi Ehsan , Bakhtiari Reza , Ravaee Ali
Published: August 2013

The experimental results of epoxy resin modified by multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as two-phase nanocomposite are presented in the current paper. Effects of improved dispersion on reinforcement of the epoxy resins were investigated through three different prevalent conventional tests. Three various types of test specimens in four values of Mwcnt weight ratios, 0, 0.5, 1 and 2% to the GY6010 resin were fabricated according to corresponding ASTM standards by a novel technique. The static strength and stiffness tests led to the conclusion that the appropriate dispersion of Mwcnts into epoxy improves mechanical properties of two-phase nanocoposites.
The Evaluation of Mould Made from Aluminium and Mild Steel for Polypropylene Integral Hinges Test Samples
Authors: Othman Mohd Hilmi , Sulaiman Hasan , Ibrahim M.Z. , Li L.
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the mould, which is made from mild steel and aluminium, and the effect of these moulds properties towards the quality of thermoplastics part. As for this research, two different types of mould material were fabricated by using Computer Numerical Controller (CNC) milling machine. These moulds were specifically design to produce a test sample which was an integral hinge made from Polypropylene. These moulds were tested practically by using Nissei-NP7-1F injection moulding unit. A set of parameter setting consisting of melt temperature, packaging pressure, injection time, packing time and mould temperature had been chosen to acquire the correlation between the mould materials and the part’s quality. Five tested samples were prepared for evaluation in terms of the material consumption, warpage, and shrinkage values. Results have been observed and analysed and it was found that in term of material consumption value, aluminium mould consumed 1.28 gram or 14% more polypropylene than mild steel. For warpage value, mild steel mould had the lowest value with only 0.08mm warpage. The third experiment showed that the lowest shrinkage was happened to be 0.01302, which was produced by mild steel mould. As the conclusion in this project, mild steel mould was selected as the desirable mould for producing integral hinges samples as compare with the aluminium mould.
Optimization of Process Parameters of Rotary Ultrasonic Machining Based on Taguchis Method
Authors: Abdo Basem M.A. , Darwish S.M. , Al-Ahmari A.M. , El-Tamimi A.M.
Published: August 2013

In this Research, Taguchi optimization methodology is used to optimize Rotary Ultrasonic Machining (RUM) parameters for face milling of zirconia ceramic. The influence of the RUM parameters such as vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut on cutting force and material removal rate (MRR) is studied. A three-level orthogonal array table is used to determine the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios based on Taguchis design of experiments. Furthermore, analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been performed to study the relative significance of the different factors on cutting force and MRR of zirconia ceramic. Finally, verification tests were carried out to compare the predicted values of the outputs with their experimental values in order to confirm the effectiveness of the Taguchi Optimization.
Simulation of Laser-Induced Thermoelastic Behavior in Metal Plates
Authors: Sun Yu Xin , Liu Jing Xin , Sun Qi Rong
Published: August 2013

In this paper, the thermoelastic behavior of Al plate induced by laser pulse is simulated using the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics. In the simulation, the heat transfer in combination with phase change is considered. The variation of the temperature and stress fields along the thickness direction is obtained and analyzed.
The Hydraulic Tong in Workover Operations and the Modification to the Design of Gaps Alignment Technique
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Ji Ying , Wang Xiao Yan , Kong Xiang Yu , Liu Man Jun
Published: August 2013

Now, Hydraulic tong is an important tool in oil drilling and workover operations. By the structural analysis of open-type hydraulic tong in the new workover hydraulic tong system, doing researchs on the form of the openings in hydraulic tong and the installation requirement of the gears in the open-type hydraulic tong, and to modify the design of the gaps technique about the main tong of open-type, to achieve that the open-type main tong can take a automatic control of the gaps operation.
Nonlinear Aerodynamics Reduced-Order Model Based on Multi-Input Volterra Series
Authors: Dou Yi Bin , Xu Min
Published: August 2013

This paper gives a low-order approximations of multi-input Volterra series as a nonlinear reduced-order model (ROM) based on wavelet multiresolution analysis. The band-limited pseudorandom multilevel sequence (PRMS) is used as the identification signal and the QR decomposition recursive least square (QRD-RLS) method is utilized as identification method. At last, the ROM is applied to model the nonlinear aerodynamic moment of an airfoil undergoing simultaneous forced pitch and plunge harmonic oscillation. The results show that including the second-order Volterra cross kernels in ROM can capture the coupling effect which significantly improves accuracy in predicting nonlinear aerodynamics under simultaneous motion. And the wavelet multiresolution analysis efficiently reduces the number of identification coefficients for Volterra kernels.
An Improved Islanding Detection Method for Photovoltaic Grid-Connected System
Authors: Li Chen Xin , Yuan Qi Ping
Published: August 2013

Islanding detection is a very essential function for a photovoltaic grid-connected system. Islanding phenomenons not only damage to equipment, but also endanger to the safety of the maintenance personnel. Passive islanding detection methods that use alone have considerable non-detection zone (NDZ); active islanding detection methods that use alone are that join disturbance to system, but the disturbance will cause system instability [1]. In this paper, an over/under voltage and over/under frequency detection method combines with an improved active power perturbation detection method are proposed. The photovoltaic system can be reduced non-detection zone (NDZ) with improved the power quality and reduced the total harmonic distortion (THD) through this method.
Distribution System Voltage Regulation with Distributed Generation Based on VQC and SVC
Authors: Li Peng , Li Tao , Li Jia Ming , Xu Duo , Shi Ru Yu
Published: August 2013

The distributed generation (DG) may lead to a great impact on the reactive power flow, feeder voltage profile and the means of voltage regulation when integrated into a typical distribution system. Therefore, there is possibility that the customers voltage violate the permissible limits. In order to regulate the voltage of the distribution system with DG, local voltage and reactive power control (VQC) based on fuzzy control theory is adopted in substation and the Static Var Compensator (SVC) is installed in the appropriate node in this paper, and the fuzzy controller of VQC has been designed at the same time. A simplified model of a real 10kV radial distribution system has been simulated in MATLAB to illustrate the use of the voltage regulation method, and the simulation results show that the proposed method can regulate the line voltage of distribution system with DG within the regulated voltage ranges.