bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a Shift in the Business Environment and Post-Covid-19 Consumer Behaviour (A Case Study of Residents in Lagos Nigeria)
Authors: Adunchezor Ogechukwu Rosita
Published: September 2021

With the current global pandemic and the consequent social distancing rule limiting business and market operation, it has propelled a shift in the way businesses and organizations operate from the traditional physical market place to the adoption of information technology for business digitalization. These have also affected the attitudinal aspect of consumers and shoppers, particularly on the prospect of consumers going back to their old habits once the global crisis is over. This study, therefore, examines the conditions for consumer preference of the changing digitalized business environment in the Post-COVID-19 Era and its predictive value in the future. The study adopted a survey research design, using an online questionnaire as a research instrument among residents in Lagos. From the findings of the study, it was revealed that the perceived benefit of business digitalization, combined influence attitudes of consumers behaviour and perceived convenience is the most significant of conditions for the preference of the changing digitalized business environment that affects attitudes of consumers. On the prospect of the digitalized business environment in the post-COVID-19 business environments, the study revealed that a 1 percent change in the conditions for consumer preference of online constructs is likely to have an 8.4 percent effect on consumer’s attitudes. This, therefore, is an indication that a 1 percent change can have a significant effect on consumer’s buying behaviour. Conclusively the study recommended that online retailers should consider improving their technological infrastructure in order to offer more convenience for Customers online shoppers.
Impact of Length of Stay on both Financial Health and Medical Outcomes of Mission Hospitals in Rural Ghana
Authors: Abban Ebenezer Kenneth
Published: September 2021

One of the major key clinical indicators of hospital performance is length of stay (LOS). This denominator is calculated in averages. The role of this measure could be dual (as medical outcome or financial health indicator). Regardless, it can also be observed as either positive or negative variable depending on how it is measured. By this study, LOS was assessed on both counts: as a measure of financial health and also as medical outcome of hospital. The investigator concludes, after thorough evaluation of available data, from both structured interviews and responses to a set of questions in a survey, that truly length of stay impacts positively on medical outcomes and also could be a measure of the financial healthiness of hospital.
CONTROLE DE CONVENCIONALIDADE SOBRE A REFORMA TRABALHISTA (LEI 13.467/2017) SOB A ANÁLISE DA JURISPRUDÊNCIA DA CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS SOBRE ACESSO À JUSTIÇA
Authors: Nunes Correa Igo Zany , De Moraes Ramos Filho Carlos Alberto
Published: September 2021

O presente trabalho propõe-se a analisar a validade das alterações legislativas trazidas na Lei 13.467/2017, denominadaReforma Trabalhista, sob o crivo da Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos (CADH) (OEA, 1969)e a previsão normativa internacional sobre o direito de acesso à justiça, sopesando-se a interpretação autênticatrazida pela jurisprudência evolutiva e consolidada pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CorteIDH),órgão consultivo e contencioso do sistema regional de proteção criado pela Organização dos Estados Americanos(OEA), a Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil e os novos parâmetros de concessão de justiça gratuita,honorários advocatícios, custas e outras despesas processuais, a fim de subsidiar a aplicação do controle judicialde convencionalidade como instrumento de dupla compatibilidade vertical material, tendo em vista as obrigaçõesestatais de adoção de medidas de consolidação interna dos tratados de direito internacional dos direitos humanos.Serão examinados os impactos das modificações legislativas na garantia de inafastabilidade jurisdição trabalhista,por meio da comparação com os precedentes da CorteIDH e a possibilidade de, por intermédio deles, se reconhecera inconvencionalidade dos dispositivos que afrontem ou restrinjam o acesso à Justiça. Mediante a pesquisa bibliográficae jurisprudencial, com base no método dedutivo, busca-se traçar o diálogo entre os Direitos do Trabalhoe Processual do Trabalho, o Direito Constitucional e o Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos, sobretudo parafins de aplicação do controle de convencionalidade sobre o direito interno.
ANÁLISE DO DEBATE PARLAMENTAR SOBRE O “INFANTICÍDIO” INDÍGENA
Authors: Pereira Penna Andrade Gabriel , Ferreira de Carvalho Edson
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo busca empreender o debate acerca da prática conhecida como infanticídio indígena, com foco naelaboração do Projeto de Lei 1.057/2007, que cria formas de combater sua ocorrência. Para tanto foi realizada umapesquisa documental, procurando evidenciar a relação entre as premissas feitas, suas bases fáticas e modificaçõesno Projeto. Por fim, os resultados foram analisados com o prisma teórico da Legisprudência (WINTGENS, 2006) eda Teoria Crítica dos Direitos Humanos (HERRERA FLORES, 2009; DOUZINAS, 2013). O estudo permitiu concluir queas discussões apagaram possibilidades que não passavam pela via legislativa, ignoraram a ausência de dados parasubsidiar a proposta e seguiram uma postura intransigente que dificultou a participação efetiva dos afetados.
DIREITOS HUMANOS, MÍDIA E REFÚGIO: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE A CONSTRUÇÃO DA NARRATIVA ACERCA DOS MIGRANTES VENEZUELANOS NO BRASIL
Authors: Lopes Salles Denise Mercedes Nunez Nascimento , De Castro Flávia Rodrigues , Loureiro Gustavo do Amaral
Published: September 2021

Este estudo parte do interesse sobre a imagem dos venezuelanos no Brasil, muitos dos quais escolheram dar entradaem solicitações de refúgio. Temos como objetivo a análise da representação midiática sobre os venezuelanosque cruzaram a fronteira norte do Brasil nos últimos anos, partindo de um caso específico como forma de suscitardiscussões não só sobre a representação como uma forma de poder, mas também sobre injustiça por meio da operaçãode preconceitos identitários e estereótipos. Teoricamente, partimos da relação entre a política da piedade,tal como definida por Luc Boltanski (1999), e a visão ambivalente operada nas representações de refúgio e migraçãoforçada. A metodologia compreende pesquisa empírica com a análise do período de agosto de 2018 que temcomo referência os últimos ataques de brasileiros aos venezuelanos em Roraima. Para tanto, selecionamos três dosjornais de maior circulação no país, a saber: O Globo, Folha de São Paulo e Estadão, e sugerimos a realização deuma análise de conteúdo sobre os principais discursos articulados em torno da figura dos venezuelanos no períodoem estudo. Como resultado da análise, observamos que os confrontos entre venezuelanos e brasileiros, o aumentoda criminalidade e da violência e os atentados de natureza xenófoba são tratados na mídia de forma que remeteà ameaça para a segurança pública e fragilização do Estado brasileiro e não com um olhar focado na garantia dedireitos humanos dos venezuelanos que recorrem ao país em busca de condições de sobrevivência.
AVALIAÇÃO ANALÍTICA DE ANALISADOR DE COMBUSTÍVEL COMERCIAL NO CONTROLE DE QUALIDADE DE ETANOL E GASOLINA COMUM
Authors: Sena Sthefany , Ferreira Ernesto
Published: September 2021

ANALYTICAL EVALUATION OF COMMERCIAL FUEL ANALYZER IN GASOLINE AND ETHANOL FUEL QUALITY CONTROL. Brazilian news media is full of examples about fuels out of the compliances and needs to control fuel quality. This work proposed an analytical validation of a commercial near infrared photometer (Xerloq, Tech Chrom Analytical Instruments, Brazil) able to identify percentage of ethanol in fuels comparing with NBR standards. Four procedures were selected: analysis of ethanol percentage in gasoline type C samples comparing with standard method ABNT 13992; analysis of ethanol percentage in fuel ethanol samples comparing with standard method ABNT 5992; linearity correlation and selectivity of standard solution analysis. Comparisons between the photometer and standards measurements were to determine the accuracy and precision of the device which presented a little variation from the norm (ER < 1.3%, sR < 0.4%). With regard to the test for linearity, Ethanol:water mixtures was analyzed with R-squared larger than 0.999 with RMSEV less than 1%. On selectivity tests, Gasoline:Ethanol:water and Methanol:Ethanol:water mixtures were measured with bias error not exceeding 5% for regulated samples. In conclusion, this fuel analyzer can be used to analyze ethanol content in Brazilian fuels with similar results comparing with classical standard volumetric and glass densimeter analysis and may indicate adulteration gasoline and ethanol samples by anomalous data.
Household Infrared Technology as an Energy-Efficient Approach to Achieve C-Cπ Bond Construction Reactions
Authors: Ríos-Guerra Hulme , Penieres-Carrillo Guillermo , Barrera-Téllez Francisco , Martínez-Záldivar Alejandro , Pérez-Flores Javier , Hipólito-Nájera Adrian Ricardo , Luna-Mora Ricardo Alfredo
Published: September 2021

We examined the ability of short-wave infrared (IR) light in the λ1.5-3.0 µm region of the infrared emission spectrum to accomplish C−Cπ bond construction reaction between π-excessive azaheteroaromatic and different carbonyl substrates supported on a bentonitic clay catalyst in solventless condition via a three-component condensation reaction. Preliminary studies show that the implementation of a domestic Flavor-Wave® oven fitted with a halogen heater lamp as a chemical reactor was as effective as the use of near IR light (λ1.1 µm) in fostering batch-wise organic reactions. Overall, this approach reveals its potential exploitation as an energy-efficient source to assemble biologically engaging (hetero)arenebisindolylmethanes framework, in the same way, that assure its sustainable development as for efficient generation of small libraries of molecules comparable to high-tech instrumentations performances.
Analysis and Scientific Methodological Recommendations for Reducing the Delay on Railway Crossings
Authors: Tokhirov Ezozbek Turalievich
Published: September 2021

In this research focus on reduces waiting time and safe travel time at a level crossing. Current research interest is the application to improve implementation, reducing the waiting time for motor vehicles at a railroad crossing. At last, got at the level crossing 5% effective result for one improving period.
Venom of Viperidae: A Perspective of its Antibacterial and Antitumor
Potential
Authors: Teodoro André , Gonçalves Fernando J.M. , Oliveira Helena , Marques Sérgio
Published: September 2021

:

The emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria and limitations on cancer treatment represent
two important challenges in modern medicine. Biological compounds have been explored with
a particular focus on venoms. Although they can be lethal or cause considerable damage to humans,
venom is also a source rich in components with high therapeutic potential.

:

Viperidae family is one of the most emblematic venomous snake families and several studies highlighted
the antibacterial and antitumor potential of viper toxins. According to the literature, these
activities are mainly associated to five protein families - svLAAO, Disintegrins, PLA2, SVMPs and
C-type lectins- that act through different mechanisms leading to the inhibition of the growth of bacteria,
as well as, cytotoxic effects and inhibition of metastasis process. In this review, we provide
an overview of the venom toxins produced by species belonging to the Viperidae family, exploring
their roles during the envenoming and their pharmacological properties, in order to demonstrate its
antibacterial and antitumor potential.
Pharmacological Study of A3 Adenosine Receptor agonist (AB Meca) in
Xenograft Lung Cancer Model in Mice through In Silico and In Vivo Approach:
Targeting TNF-α
Authors: Solanki Nilay , Patel Leena , Shah Shaini , Patel Ashish , Patel Swayamprakash , Patel Mehul , Shah Umang
Published: September 2021

Background:

Lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality in India. Adenosine Receptor
(AR) has emerged as a novel cancer-specific target. A3AR levels are upregulated in various tumor
cells, which may mean that the specific AR may act as a biological marker and target specific ligands
leading to cell growth inhibition.

Aim:

Our aim was to study the efficacy of the adenosine receptor agonist, AB MECA, by in silico
(molecular docking) and in vitro (human cancer cells in xenografted mice) studies.

Method:

Molecular docking on the AB-meca and TNF-α was performed using AutoDock. A549
Human lung cancer 2 ×106 cells per microliter per mouse injected via intrabronchial route. Rat TNF-α
level was assessed by ELISA method.

Results:

AB Meca's predicted binding energy (beng) with TNF-α was 97.13 kcal/mol, and the compatible
docking result of a small molecular inhibitor with TNF-α native ligand beng was 85.76 kcal/mol.
In vivo, a single dose of lung cancer cell A549 is being researched to potentiate tumor development.
Doxorubicin and A3AR agonist therapies have lowered TNF-alpha levels that were associated with in
silico function. The A3AR Agonist showed myeloprotective effects in the groups treated along with
doxorubicin.

Conclusion:

AB MECA’s higher binding energy (beng) with TNF-α mediated reduction of tumor
growth in our lung cancer in vivo model suggested that it may be an effective therapy for lung cancer.
Strategy Analysis of Ynones’ Radical Reactions
Authors: Chen Kaijun , Huang Dayun , Sun Xiangyu
Published: September 2021

:

This review highlights the multifaceted synthetic applications of ynones in radical reactions.
Substantial progress has been made over the last decade (2010-2020) in the utilization of
ynones. Herein, the chemistry of ynones is divided into three sections based on the classes of critical
mechanistic insights: (1) radical addition and intramolecular cyclization; (2) radical addition
and intermolecular annulation; (3) radical addition and coupling. We hope that this review will
promote future research in this area.
Exploring the Role of Stem Cell Therapy in Treating Neurodegenerative
Diseases: Challenges and Current Perspectives
Authors: Puranik Nidhi , Arukha Ananta Prasad , Yadav Shiv Kumar , Yadav Dhananjay , Jin Jun O.
Published: September 2021

:

Several human neurological disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease,
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and brain
stroke, are caused by the injury to neurons or glial cells. The recent years have witnessed the successful
generation of neurons and glia cells driving efforts to develop stem-cell-based therapies for
patients to combat a broad spectrum of human neurological diseases. The inadequacy of suitable
cell types for cell replacement therapy in patients suffering from neurological disorders has hampered
the development of this promising therapeutic approach. Attempts are thus being made to reconstruct
viable neurons and glial cells from different stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells,
mesenchymal stem cells, and neural stem cells. Dedicated research to cultivate stem cell-based
brain transplantation therapies has been carried out. We aim at compiling the breakthroughs in the
field of stem cell-based therapy for the treatment of neurodegenerative maladies, emphasizing the
shortcomings faced, victories achieved, and the future prospects of the therapy in clinical settings.
Application of Stem Cell Therapy During the Treatment of HIV/AIDS and
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Gaobotse Goabaone , Chitena Lorraine , Masisi Keletso , Masisi Kabo , Kwape Tebogo E.
Published: September 2021

:

Treating diseases such as Muscular dystrophy (MD) and HIV/AIDS pose several challenges
to the rapidly evolving field of regenerative medicine. Previously, stem cell therapy has
been said to affect the clinical courses of HIV/AIDS and MD, but, in practice, eradication or control
of these diseases was not achievable. The introduction of gene editing into stem cell therapy
has stimulated HIV/AIDS and MD cell therapy research studies substantially. Here, we review current
methods of treating HIV/AIDS and MD using stem cell therapy. This review also details the
use of different types of cells and methods in cell therapy and the modeling of new cell-based therapies
to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We speculate that the effective use of stem cell therapy
in conjunction with other treatment therapies , such as steroids and rehabilitation , could improve
livelihood.
Prevalence of CYP2C19 Polymorphisms in Clopidogrel Treated Turkish
Patients: Preliminary Results, 2017
Authors: Susleyici Belgin , Ciftci Cavlan , Yurdakul Selen , Cevik Mehtap , Akdeniz Cansu Selcan , Canbolat Ismail Polat , Deliorman Gokce , Karaalp Atila
Published: September 2021

Background:

Clopidogrel is one of the most frequently prescribed antiplatelet agents to reduce
the risk of atherosclerotic symptoms. CYP2C19 enzyme is involved in clopidogrel metabolism,
and several genetic variations of CYP2C19gene are able to affect the clinical response of clopidogrel.
Despite the lack of a fully accepted guideline for CYP2C19 pharmacogenetic testing before
clopidogrel treatment by relevant communities, we believe that determination of the variant frequencies
is important to predict the efficiency and possible clopidogrel related risks before the initiation of
treatment on the basis of populations. Our aim was to determine the distribution of gene polymorphisms
affecting the enzyme activity in Turkish cardiac patients prescribed clopidogrel.

Methods:

54 clopidogrel prescribed patients were included in the study. The presence of CYP2C19*2,
*3, *4, *5, *6, *7, *8, *9, *10 and *17 polymorphisms were investigated using a microarray platform.

Results :

No variant allele was detected for *4, *5, *6, *7, *8, *9 and *10 polymorphisms. The genotype
frequencies were detected as 38.89% for *1/*1, 16.67% for *1/*2, 11.11% for *2/*17, 1.85% for
*1/*3, 1.85% for *2/*3, 27.78% for *1/*17 and 1.85% for *17/*17. According to genotype analysis,
1.85% of the patients were recorded as poor and 29.63% intermediate; whereas 27.78% as rapid and
1.85% ultra-rapid metabolizers.

Conclusion:

Although our study population does not consist of a high number of patients, since the
high frequency of intermediate, rapid and ultra-rapid metabolizer patients were detected in relatively
high frequencies, CYP2C19 polymorphisms should be taken into account for efficiency and possible
clopidogrel related risks in Turkish cardiac patients.
PERUBAHAN KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA, HIDROFOBISITAS DAN KRISTALINITAS PADA PATI JAGUNG VARIETAS BISI-18 TERASETILASI
Authors: Rosiana Nita Maria , Harmayani Eni , Pranoto Yudi
Published: September 2021

Jagung merupakan salah satu komoditas pertanian yang berpotensi besar untuk dikembangkan secara komersial. Cookies yang dibuat dari 100% tepung jagung mengakibatkan penerimaan konsumen yang menurun karena tekstur cookies yang keras. Kekerasan pada cookies dari jagung dapat pula disebabkan oleh kemampuan pati dalam mengikat air dan lemak yang rendah serta struktur pati yang kompak. Salah satu metode modifikasi pati yang digunakan untuk memperbaiki sifat pati adalah asetilasi. Persyaratan derajat asetilasi pada pati yang dapat digunakan untuk menjadi produk olahan adalah 0,01-0,2. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan rekayasa proses asetilasi untuk mendapatkan derajat substitusi 0,2 dan mengetahui perubahan karakteristik fisikokimia, hidrofobisitas dan kristalinitas pada pati dengan derajat substitusi 0,2. Jagung varietas Bisi-18 yang digunakan untuk penelitian berasal dari Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta. Tahapan penelitian meliputi ekstraksi pati jagung dan modifikasi asetilasi dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Faktor 1 adalah konsentrasi asetat anhidrat (2,4,6%) dan faktor 2 adalah waktu reaksi (5,10,15 menit). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses asetilasi terjadi pada pH 8-8,4; suhu reaksi 28-30oC selama 15 menit dengan konsentrasi asetat anhidrat 4% (v/w) menghasilkan pati terasetilasi dengan derajat subtitusi 0,2. Pati jagung tersebut mengalami perubahan karakteristik yaitu lebih hidrofob dan kristalinitas menurun. Pati terasetilasi dengan derajat substitusi 0,2 berpotensi untuk dijadikan bahan baku kue kering seperti cookies.
ANALISIS VALUE CHAIN DAN MARGIN PEMASARAN RANTAI PASOK TANDAN BUAH SEGAR SAWIT RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN BENGKALIS
Authors: Rahayu Nur Fitri , Hardjomidjojo Hartrisari , Raharja Sapta
Published: September 2021

Usaha perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kabupaten Bengkalis didominasi oleh usaha perkebunan rakyat yang memiliki produk utama berupa Tandan Buah Segar (TBS). Jumlah produksi TBS tersebut sangat tinggi, namun pengelolaan rantai pasok TBS dirasakan masih kurang efisien sehingga pendapatan petani rendah. Hal ini dikarenakan jaringan distribusi komoditi sangat panjang serta fluktuasi harga pada saat distribusi TBS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan rantai nilai kelapa sawit di Kabupaten Bengkalis dan menganalisis margin pemasaran yang diperoleh petani. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data primer dan sekunder. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara degan petani dan anggota rantai pasok, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari Dinas Perkebunan Bengkalis. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan pemetaan value chain dan margin pemasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat jaringan rantai pasok TBS sawit rakyat di Kabupaten Bengkalis, yaitu jaringan I (petani-pengumpul-pedagang besar sawit- industri), jaringan II (petani-pedagang besar sawit-industri), jaringan III (petani-pengumpul- koperasi-industri) dan jaringan IV (petani-koperasi sawit-industri). Dari empat jaringan distribusi tersebut, jaringan IV di Kecamatan Pinggir yang paling banyak memperoleh nilai farmer’s share sebesar 78,21%. Sementara, nilai terkecil diperoleh pada jaringan I di Kecamatan Bantan sebesar 46,43%.
Comparative aspects of the internal reproductive system of males in species of Melolonthinae, Dynastinae, and Rutelinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) from Mexico
Authors: Martínez M. Imelda , Rivera-Gasperín Sara L. , Carrillo-Ruiz Hortensia , Morón Miguel A.
Published: September 2021

The anatomy of the internal male reproductive systems of 12 species of Melolonthinae (Phyllophaga, Chlaenobia, Macrodactylus, Isonychus), six species of Dynastinae (Cyclocephala), and three species of Rutelinae (Paranomala) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) of Mexico are described. A total of 350 male specimens representing 21 species were collected. From each species, the reproductive systems were obtained by micro-dissection, placed in a liquid fixative, stained, and drawn to scale. The internal genitalia of each species was described and compared among the species examined. The reproductive system of the Melolonthinae species is comprised of two testicles, each with six follicles, two deferent ducts, two accessory glands, two glandular ducts, an ejaculatory duct, and the aedeagus (not described for any of the species examined). The number of testicular follicles per testicle is as reported in different species of other Scarabaeoidea subfamilies. The length of the accessory glands and the ejaculatory duct varies in the species studied. The ejaculatory bulb is present in all of the species of Dynastinae and Rutelinae examined but in only three species of Melolonthinae.
Closing the Virtual Gap in Health Care: A Series of Case Studies Illustrating the Impact of Embedding Evaluation Alongside System Initiatives
Authors: Desveaux Laura , Budhwani Suman , Stamenova Vess , Bhattacharyya Onil , Shaw James , Bhatia R Sacha
Published: September 2021

Early decisions relating to the implementation of virtual care relied on necessity and clinical judgement, but there is a growing need for the generation of evidence to inform policy and practice designs. The need for stronger partnerships between researchers and decision-makers is well recognized, but how these partnerships can be structured and how research can be embedded alongside existing virtual care initiatives remain unclear. We present a series of case studies that illustrate how embedded research can inform policy decisions related to the implementation of virtual care, where decisions are either to (1) discontinue (red light), (2) redesign (yellow light), or (3) scale up existing initiatives (green light). Data were collected through document review and informal interviews with key study personnel. Case 1 involved an evaluation of a mobile diabetes platform that demonstrated a mismatch between the setting and the technology (decision outcome: discontinue). Case 2 involved an evaluation of a mental health support platform that suggested evidence-based modifications to the delivery model (decision outcome: redesign). Case 3 involved an evaluation of video visits that generated evidence to inform the ideal model of implementation at scale (decision outcome: scale up). In this paper, we highlight the characteristics of the partnership and the process that enabled success and use the cases to illustrate how these characteristics were operationalized. Structured communication included monthly check-ins and iterative report development. We also outline key characteristics of the partnership (ie, trust and shared purpose) and the process (ie, timeliness, tailored reporting, and adaptability) that drove the uptake of evidence in decision-making. Across each case, the evaluation was designed to address policy questions articulated by our partners. Furthermore, structured communication provided opportunities for knowledge mobilization. Structured communication was operationalized through monthly meetings as well as the delivery of interim and final reports. These case studies demonstrate the importance of partnering with health system decision-makers to generate and mobilize scientific evidence. Embedded research partnerships founded on a shared purpose of system service provided an effective strategy to bridge the oft-cited gap between science and policy. Structured communication provided a mechanism for collaborative problem-solving and real-time feedback, and it helped contextualize emerging insights.
Text Messaging Versus Email Messaging to Support Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: Protocol for a Randomized Hybrid Type II Effectiveness-Implementation Trial
Authors: Adu Medard Kofi , Shalaby Reham , Eboreime Ejemai , Sapara Adegboyega , Nkire Nnamdi , Chawla Rajan , Chima Chidi , Achor Michael , Osiogo Felix , Chue Pierre , Greenshaw Andrew J , Agyapong Vincent Israel
Published: September 2021

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) accounts for 40.5% of disability-adjusted life years caused by mental and substance use disorders. Barriers such as stigma and financial and physical access to care have been reported, highlighting the need for innovative, accessible, and cost-effective psychological interventions. The effectiveness of supportive SMS text messaging in alleviating depression symptoms has been proven in clinical trials, but this approach can only help those with mobile phones.

Objective

This paper presents the protocol for a study that will aim to evaluate the feasibility, comparative effectiveness, and user satisfaction of daily supportive email messaging as an effective strategy compared to daily supportive text messaging as part of the treatment of patients with MDD.

Methods

This trial will be carried out using a hybrid type II implementation-effectiveness design. This design evaluates the effectiveness of an implementation strategy or intervention, while also evaluating the implementation context associated with the intervention. Patients with MDD receiving usual care will be randomized to receive either daily supportive email messaging or daily supportive text messaging of the same content for 6 months. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of both strategies. The implementation evaluation will be guided by the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework, as well as the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. All outcome measures will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data will be analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Data collection for this trial began in April 2021. We expect the study results to be available within 18 months of study commencement. The results will shed light on the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of using automated emails as a strategy for delivering supportive messages to patients with MDD in comparison to text messaging.

Conclusions

The outcome of this trial will have translational impact on routine patient care and access to mental health, as well as potentially support mental health policy decision-making for health care resource allocation.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04638231; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04638231

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/29495
Investigating Mental Health Service User Opinions on Clinical Data Sharing: Qualitative Focus Group Study
Authors: Adanijo Abimbola , McWilliams Caoimhe , Wykes Til , Jilka Sagar
Published: September 2021

Background

Sharing patient data can help drive scientific advances and improve patient care, but service users are concerned about how their data are used. When the National Health Service proposes to scrape general practitioner records, it is very important that we understand these concerns in some depth.

Objective

This study aims to investigate views of mental health service users on acceptable data sharing to provide clear recommendations for future data sharing systems.

Methods

A total of 4 focus groups with 4 member-checking groups were conducted via the internet between October 2020 and March 2021, with a total of 22 service users in the United Kingdom. Thematic analysis was used to identify the themes.

Results

Six main themes, with several subthemes were identified, such as the purpose of data sharing—for profit, public good, and continuation of care; discrimination through the misattribution of physical symptoms to mental health conditions (ie, diagnostic overshadowing) alongside the discrimination of individuals or groups within society (ie, institutional discrimination); safeguarding data by preserving anonymity and confidentiality, strengthening security measures, and holding organizations accountable; data accuracy and informed consent—increasing transparency about data use and choice; and incorporating service user involvement in system governance to provide insight and increase security.

Conclusions

This study extends the limited research on the views and concerns of mental health service users regarding acceptable data sharing. If adopted, the recommendations should improve the confidence of service users in sharing their data. The five recommendations include screening to ensure that data sharing benefits the public, providing service users with information about how their data are shared and what for, highlighting the existing safeguarding procedures, incorporating service user involvement, and developing tailored training for health care professionals to address issues of diagnostic overshadowing and inaccurate health records. Adopting such systems would aid in data sharing for legitimate interests that will benefit patients and the National Health Service.
Gender-Based Differences and Associated Factors Surrounding Excessive Smartphone Use Among Adolescents: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Claesdotter-Knutsson Emma , André Frida , Fridh Maria , Delfin Carl , Hakansson Anders , Lindström Martin
Published: September 2021

Background

Excessive smartphone use is a new and debated phenomenon frequently mentioned in the context of behavioral addiction, showing both shared and distinct traits when compared to pathological gaming and gambling.

Objective

The aim of this study is to describe excessive smartphone use and associated factors among adolescents, focusing on comparisons between boys and girls.

Methods

This study was based on data collected through a large-scale public health survey distributed in 2016 to pupils in the 9th grade of primary school and those in the 2nd grade of secondary school. Bayesian binomial regression models, with weakly informative priors, were used to examine whether the frequency of associated factors differed between those who reported excessive smartphone use and those who did not.

Results

The overall response rate was 77% (9143/11,868) among 9th grade pupils and 73.4% (7949/10,832) among 2nd grade pupils, resulting in a total of 17,092 responses. Based on the estimated median absolute percentage differences, along with associated odds ratios, we found that excessive smartphone use was associated with the use of cigarettes, alcohol, and other substances. The reporting of anxiety and worry along with feeling low more than once a week consistently increased the odds of excessive smartphone use among girls, whereas anxiety and worry elevated the odds of excessive smartphone use among boys. The reporting of less than 7 hours of sleep per night was associated with excessive smartphone use in all 4 study groups.

Conclusions

The results varied across gender and grade in terms of robustness and the size of estimated difference. However, excessive smartphone use was associated with a higher frequency of multiple suspected associated factors, including ever having tried smoking, alcohol, or other substances; poor sleep; and often feeling low and feeling anxious. This study sheds light on some features and distinctions of a potentially problematic behavior among adolescents.
#HealthyClimate: Call for Emergency Action to Limit Global Temperature Increases, Restore Biodiversity, and Protect Health
Authors: Atwoli Lukoye , Baqui Abdullah H , Benfield Thomas , Bosurgi Raffaella , Godlee Fiona , Hancocks Stephen , Horton Richard , Laybourn-Langton Laurie , Monteiro Carlos Augusto , Norman Ian , Patrick Kirsten , Praities Nigel , Olde Rikkert Marcel GM , Rubin Eric J , Sahni Peush , Smith Richard , Talley Nick , Turale Sue , Vazquez Damian
Published: September 2021

The UN General Assembly in September 2021 will bring countries together at a critical time for marshalling collective action to tackle the global environmental crisis. They will meet again at the biodiversity summit in Kunming, China, and the climate conference (COP26) in Glasgow, UK. Ahead of these pivotal meetings, we—the editors of health journals worldwide—call for urgent action to keep average global temperature increases below 1.5°C, halt the destruction of nature, and protect health.
Socio-Economic Status of Women on Tharu’s Community in Nepalese Society
Authors: Khanal (PhD) Dr. Uttam
Published: September 2021

Nepalese society has multi ethnic cultural variations so that the socio-economic status of Tharus’ communities has also poor for comparison of other communities. In Nepali society, women are also left behind. The condition of women in that community living within this structure is even more deplorable. It is very difficult to find a woman as a head of household in this community. Since the head of household makes all the decisions, so that most of the men are the head of household. Similarly, women are suffering from poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, illness and household activities in Nepal. The burning issues of women empowerment on national integration are to expose in economic development. It can help on household condition likewise decision making process is very poor in the whole of south Asia, especially in Nepal, Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. The analysis focuses upon the status of women in terms of their socio-economic status, income pattern and household decision making power in comparison to their male counterparts. The economic contribution of Tharus’ women has poor and traditional. The condition of Woman has lead to family and decision making process has been also backwardness factors. They want easy to access fortheir health facility, education, social participation, income increase, confidence buildup of decision making and policy forming on human rights of family.
Compensación y derechos punitivos en el Derecho Internacional
Authors: Zavala Achurra María Elisa
Published: September 2021

The recent compensation ruling issued by the International Court of Justice in the case disputed between Costa Rica and Nicaragua raises relevant points about reparations in the international sphere. It is established in doctrine and in jurisprudence that compensation granted in international law seeks to repair a damage caused, but never punish the offending state. However, it is necessary to analyze if in this case that paradigm begins to change. Specifically, the way majority judges reasoned, and some Statements and a Separate Opinion to the ruling, show that in this case de facto punitive damages were probably awarded. Even if that were not the case, voices arise within the International Court of Justice itself that call for the inclusion of punitive damages in this legal system. In this context, the study of the conception, role and function of compensation in international law is of the outmost relevance. This commentary warns of the challenges that would exist if international tribunals award punitive damages.
COVID-19 and Vitamin D: Is There a Direct Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency and COVID-19 Severity?
Authors: Gonedes Andrew J.
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Objectives: This study investigates whether there is a credible link between Vitamin D concentration in the human blood and COVID-19 infection, severity, and death in the general population. Design: The study adopts a meta-analytical approach to synthesize available secondary information. Emphasis is given to works published within the COVID-19 duration. The study draws articles from scholarly medical sites to provide credit to the analysis and results. Setting: The study is set on a global stage because the articles are drawn from different parts of the world. Mainly, the changing nature of the virus and the continuing revelation of its operations under various conditions arouse interest among scholars that share investigation procedures. Selection, Entry, Exclusion Criteria Interventions: The articles used in the investigation are those from peer reviews. Mainly, articles with a document identifier number (DOI) qualified for the analysis. At the same time, the study focused on articles exploring the relationship between COVID-19 and Vitamin D only. Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: The primary outcome is that Vitamin D improves the body's immune response and suppresses viral activity. The secondary effect is that Vitamin D deficiency, coupled with other comorbidities, increases the risk of death and severe coronavirus infection. Results: Results confirm a strong relationship between 25(OH)D concentration and the body's ability to fight the COVID-19 infection. Individuals with low Vitamin D concentrations of less than 20 ng/ml experienced severe symptoms. Findings indicate that Vitamin D3 supplements increase 25(OH)D levels, making the body withstanding the virus. Conclusion: Thus, Vitamin D concentration in the blood directly correlates with COVID-19 severity and mortality. Keywords: COVID-19, Vitamin D, Immune System, SARS, ARDS
The Shifting Moral Authority of the Conservative Evangelicals’ Anti-LGBT Movement in South Korea
Authors: Lee Wondong
Published: September 2021

This paper reports on content analysis of the Korean Christian newspaper Kidok Sinmun (1998-2020) with regard to how conservative evangelical elites (CEs) change their discursive resources to construct persuasive appeals against the global LGBT movement. Our findings demonstrate that the CEs focus on different sources of moral authority in response to changing political ideologies of the Korean government or regardless of such ideologies (scientific research, family value). During the progressive Roh Moo-hyun and Moon Jae-in administrations, discursive tactics linked LGBT rights with the existential threat to liberal democracy or constitutional value, while the key words such as national security or military discipline were more frequently employed under the conservative Lee Myung-bak and Park Geun-hye governments. Moreover, experiences shared by the transnational network of Christian activists appear to influence the construction of local perceptions on homosexuality.
THE HISTORY OF THE«ATLAS OF THE VIRGIN MARY» USEOF THE JESUS SOCIETY IN RUSSIAN ICONOGRAPHY
Authors:   Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA, AVILOVA I.A.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to form new iconographies as a set of subjects, compositional schemes and their historical features on the example of the list of Our Lady of the Snow image, brought to Eastern Europe by the Dominican Order and distributed with the participation of the Jesus Society. The history of Russian iconography in a generalized form can be represented by two stages, char-acterizing, respectively, the influence on it of the images of the Eastern Roman Empire (earlier than the second half of the 17-th century) and Western Europe (from the second half of the 17-th centu-ry). The Jesus Society plays an important role in this process, or as its representatives later came to be called - the Jesuits. The objectives of the study were to trace the path from the source of icono-graphy in Rome to Eastern Europe, and then consider the examples of the «Joy of All Who Sorrow» in the Russian image of the Mother of God use, including one of the churches of the Orel region. While conducting the research, the historical method is used, in the study of events and processes in dynamics. To consider specific cultural values, the iconological method is used, which makes it possible to present both the visual form and its content in a comprehensive way.
OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE FACTORS OF THE WORLD WAR I OUTBREAK: THE POINTS OF DISCUSSION
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, LAVITSKAYA M.I.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this article is to rethink critically the key dogmas justifying the reasons for the First World War outbreak exclusively by the given era political figures’ subjective delusions or by the objective laws of the historical process. The scientific novelty of the study is to develop a more holistic vision of the root causes of the First World War outbreak. The author shows that the First World War was an organic result of national states formation in Europe, based on democratic mechanisms of foreign policy goals legitimation.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE INCENTIVE SYSTEM IN THE DOMESTIC LEGAL AND TECHNICAL PRACTICE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Authors:   Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA, SELIUTINA E.N. , KHOLODOV V.A. ,   Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the article is to consider the history of the public administration system development in Russia via various aspects and features. The analysis and accounting of Russian historical expe-rience in building the integral system of state incentives in the context of the management vertical formation is very relevant today. The article presents the author's approach to the state incentives consideration in the context of the state awards institution, taking into account legal and technical regulation of this process in various regulatory legal acts. The purpose of the article is to consider the genesis of the state awards institution and its formalization in regulatory legal acts in the context of public administration functioning. The subject of the study is the Russian state awards system and the system of normative acts regulating the award mechanism, both considered in historical retro-spect. The authors summarize that the institute of state incentives as a mechanism of public admin-istration is in permanent development and, today, it is designed for stimulating state-significant activi-ties in various fields, and the award mechanism, having passed a long evolutionary period, is cur-rently regulated by a number of specialized regulatory legal acts of the federal and regional levels.
CIVIL GOVERNOR M.M. OREUS IN THE SERVICE IN THE VYBORG (FINLAND) PROVINCE IN 1799–1804
Authors:   Russian State Historical Archive, BOGDANOVA T.V.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the article is to review the activities of the civil governor M.M. Oreus in the service in the Vyborg (Finland) province in 1799–1804. The guarantee of an effective mechanism of admin-istration creation as for over than 200-year period of the Russian Empire existence, as for modern conditions, it was and still is the effectiveness of the government policy on the ground. Based on this key task, the most important condition for its implementation at different stages of the development of the country was the effective selection of personnel for the post of a governor. It was the governor responsible for everything happened in his province, and the government expected him to under-stand the tasks assigned to him and take definite steps to solve them. The urgent management problem in these conditions was the strength of administrative resources capable of retaining their effective power in cases of emerging extraordinary situations, including which, will be discussed in this article. Emergency situations in the border areas occurred regularly and required the ob-servance of certain administrative traditions that influenced the success of the governor's initiatives in state tasks implementation. It will be all the more important to consider the history of the life and activities of one of the governors of the Finland (Vyborg) province, Maxim Maksimovich Oreus, who was at the head of this territory from December 14, 1799 to April 9, 1804.
PUBLIC INITIATIVES IN THE FIELD OF PRESERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE AS AN ASPECT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIO-CULTURAL POLICY OF THE EARLY 2000S
Authors:   Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA, BOGATYREV R.A. , SOKOLOV V.V. ,   Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the article is to consider the problems and issues in the field of preserving the historical and cultural heritage of Russia in the early 2000-s, in the solution of which social activists took an active part. The authors highlight the special role of public-state interaction of the executive and legislative authorities with the biggest public organization of memorial protection sphere – the All-Russian society for the monuments of history and culture protection. The authors comes to conclusion that a lot of important decisions of the beginning of the 21-st century, which made it possible to preserve the architectural complexes and landmarks of the past, were a continuation of the work of VOOPIK with authorities at both the regional and federal levels.
ON THE TRANSLATION OF KARL MARX'S 11-th THESIS ON FEUERBACH: THE CORRELATION OF THEORY AND PRACTICE IN HISTORY AND POLITICS
Authors:   Moscow Pedagogical State University, ANANCHENKO A.B.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the article is to analyze the translation into Russian of Karl Marx's 11-th thesis on Feuer-bach. The main content of the study is the analysis and interpretation of Marx's judgment content on the correlation between theory and practice in the life of a man and society. Based on the results of the re-search the author concludes that the currently used version of Karl Marx's 11-th thesis on Feuerbach translation significantly changes its meaning. The study conducted made it possible to substantiate thoughtfully the necessity to change Karl Marx's 11-th thesis translation in his work «Theses on Feuer-bach» and give a new version of its translation, reflecting the essence of the German original text word-ing.