bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shaken Snow Globes: Kinematic Tracers of the Multiphase Condensation Cascade in Massive Galaxies, Groups, and Clusters
Authors: Gaspari M. , McDonald M. , Hamer S. L. , Brighenti F. , Temi P. , Gendron-Marsolais M. , Hlavacek-Larrondo J. , Edge A. C. , Werner N. , Tozzi P. , Sun M. , Stone J. M. , Tremblay G. R. , Hogan M. T. , Eckert D. , Ettori S. , Yu H. , Biffi V. , Planelles S.
Published: February 2018

We propose a novel method to constrain turbulence and bulk motions in massive galaxies, galaxy groups, and clusters, exploring both simulations and observations. As emerged in the recent picture of top-down multiphase condensation, hot gaseous halos are tightly linked to all other phases in terms of cospatiality and thermodynamics. While hot halos (∼107 K) are perturbed by subsonic turbulence, warm (∼104 K) ionized and neutral filaments condense out of the turbulent eddies. The peaks condense into cold molecular clouds (<100 K) raining in the core via chaotic cold accretion (CCA). We show that all phases are tightly linked in terms of the ensemble (wide-aperture) velocity dispersion along the line of sight. The correlation arises in complementary long-term AGN feedback simulations and high-resolution CCA runs, and is corroborated by the combined Hitomi and new Integral Field Unit measurements in the Perseus cluster. The ensemble multiphase gas distributions (from the UV to the radio band) are characterized by substantial spectral line broadening (σ

v,los ≈ 100–200

) with a mild line shift. On the other hand, pencil-beam detections (as H i absorption against the AGN backlight) sample the small-scale clouds displaying smaller broadening and significant line shifts of up to several 100

(for those falling toward the AGN), with increased scatter due to the turbulence intermittency. We present new ensemble σ

v,los of the warm Hα+[N ii] gas in 72 observed cluster/group cores: the constraints are consistent with the simulations and can be used as robust proxies for the turbulent velocities, in particular for the challenging hot plasma (otherwise requiring extremely long X-ray exposures). Finally, we show that the physically motivated criterion C ≡ t
cool/t
eddy ≈ 1 best traces the condensation extent region and the presence of multiphase gas in observed clusters and groups. The ensemble method can be applied to many available spectroscopic data sets and can substantially advance our understanding of multiphase halos in light of the next-generation multiwavelength missions.
Misclassified B Stars in the Kepler Field
Authors: Zhang Chunguang , Liu Chao , Wu Yue , Luo Yangping , Zhang Xiaobin , Deng Licai , Fu Jianning , Zhang Yong , Hou Yonghui , Wang Yuefei
Published: February 2018

Stellar fundamental parameters are important in the asteroseismic study of Kepler light curves. However, the most used estimates in the Kepler Input Catalog (KIC) are not accurate enough for hot stars. Using a sample of B stars from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) spectral survey, we confirmed the systematic underestimation in the KIC effective temperature and overestimation in KIC surface gravity. The good agreement between LAMOST and other follow-up observations proved the accuracy of effective temperature and surface gravity of B stars derived from LAMOST low-resolution spectra. By searching through LAMOST data, we found four misclassified main-sequence B stars in the Kepler field, which had been previously classified as A-type variables. We present spectroscopic and detailed frequency analysis of these four stars based on LAMOST spectra and Kepler photometry.
The Updated Multiple Star Catalog
Authors: Tokovinin Andrei
Published: February 2018

The catalog of hierarchical stellar systems with three or more components is an update of the original 1997 version. For 2000 hierarchies, the new Multiple Star Catalog (MSC) provides distances, component masses and periods, and supplementary information (astrometry, photometry, identifiers, orbits, notes). The MSC content and format are explained, and its incompleteness and strong observational selection are stressed. Nevertheless, the MSC can be used for statistical studies and is a valuable source for planning observations of multiple stars. Rare classes of stellar hierarchies found in the MSC (with six or seven components, extremely eccentric orbits, planar and possibly resonant orbits, hosting planets) are briefly presented. High-order hierarchies have smaller velocity dispersion compared to triples and are often associated with moving groups. The paper concludes with an analysis of the ratio of periods and separations between inner and outer subsystems. In wide hierarchies, the ratio of semimajor axes, estimated statistically, is distributed between 3 and 300, with no evidence of dynamically unstable systems.
J0023+0307: A Mega Metal-poor Dwarf Star from SDSS/BOSS*
Authors: Aguado David S. , Prieto Carlos Allende , Hernández Jonay I. González , Rebolo Rafael
Published: February 2018

Only a handful of stars have been identified with an iron abundance [Fe/H] < −5, and only one at [Fe/H] < −7. These stars have very large carbon-to-iron ratios, with

 ∼ 7.0, most likely due to fallback in core-collapse supernovae, which makes their total metallicity Z much higher than their iron abundances. The failure to find population III stars, those with no metals, has been interpreted, with support from theoretical modeling, as the result of a top-heavy initial mass function. With zero or very low metal abundance limiting radiative cooling, the formation of low-mass stars could be inhibited. Currently, the star SDSS J1029+1729 sets the potential metallicity threshold for the formation of low-mass stars at

. In our quest to push down the metallicity threshold we have identified SDSS J0023+0307, a primitive star with T
eff = 6188 ± 84 K, and

, an upper limit [Fe/H] < −6.6, and a carbon abundance A(C) < 6.3. We find J0023+0307 to be one of the two most iron-poor stars known, and it exhibits less carbon that most of the stars at [Fe/H] < −5.
L’apport des théories de la motivation pour comprendre l’appropriation des TI
Authors: Tsoni Christina
Published: February 2018

Cette recherche adopte une approche motivationnelle selon laquelle tout individu s’engage dans l’appropriation d’une technologie dès lors qu’il y trouve un « intérêt » intrinsèque. Cet intérêt n’étant pas systématique chez l’utilisateur professionnel, les interventions managériales sont nécessaires pour extrinsèquement le stimuler et, par ce biais, éviter le risque de non appropriation. Sur ce postulat nous proposons un modèle de l’appropriation individuelle d’une technologie professionnelle intégrant les niveaux individuel et managérial. Au niveau individuel deux variables explicatives de l’appropriation sont assimilées à des facteurs de motivation intrinsèque reflétant l’intérêt individuel pour la technologie (le Bénéfice ressenti et l’Avantage relatif de la technologie). Au niveau managérial trois interventions managériales-type (Formation, Assistance technique et Communication interne) sont assimilées à des leviers de motivation extrinsèque à effet modérateur. Le modèle est testé à travers une étude quantitative par questionnaire. 332 questionnaires ont été collectés et analysés sur Amos 22. Les résultats de la recherche distinguent entre deux types d’intervention managériale en matière d’appropriation : les interventions managériales à effet motivationnel et les interventions à effet cognitif.
À la recherche de la synchronisation des flux : coordination informationnelle et temporelle des activités dans un service de médecine nucléaire
Authors: Geffroy Bénédicte , de Corbière François , Deltour François , Lairet Gwenaëlle
Published: February 2018

L’article analyse comment s’opère, dans un service hospitalier de médecine nucléaire, la synchronisation du flux de patients et du flux de médicaments radiopharmaceutiques. Ces deux flux qui cadencent l’activité du service sont soumis à des contraintes spécifiques de délai et de sûreté liées aux caractéristiques radioactives des produits utilisés. Les aspects informationnels et temporels de la coordination des activités de soin deviennent alors centraux puisque la synchronisation des deux flux est nécessaire à l’activité du service. La théorie de la coordination et la perspective des temps multiples sont conjointement mobilisées pour analyser une étude de cas menée au sein d’un service de médecine nucléaire. Les résultats mettent en évidence que les activités du service sont coordonnées par (1) différentes formes de dépendances entre elles, (2) l’articulation d’un temps chronologique structurant et d’un temps perçu plus incertain, et (3) le rôle capital des échanges d’information. La recherche aboutit à proposer une définition enrichie de la synchronisation et une analyse des dépendances entre activités dans une perspective de temps multiples. Enfin, des pistes explicatives sont avancées pour discuter de l’intégration partielle des systèmes d’information pour synchroniser les flux de ce type d’activité hospitalière.
THE APPLICATIONS OF SMART MOBILE DEVICE FOR DETECTING BALANCE DYSFUNCTION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH DOWN SYNDROME
Authors: Hsieh Tsung-Hsun , Peng Chih-Wei , Chen Kai-Yun , Huang Ying-Zu , Lin Yi-Huang , Zhong Wei-Zong , Liang Jen-I , Zhao Jingpu , Cheng Chun-Yu , Chang Ya-Ju , Cheng Chih-Hsiu , Chuang Yu-Fen
Published: February 2018

Falls are a major health concern leading cause of fatal and non-fatal injuries for neurological disorders. Balance dysfunction is one of the common factors to determine fall risk in neurological patients. Preventative measures may help to reduce the incidence and severity of falls for detecting balance function and fall risk factors. However, the objective measures for balance require expensive equipment with the assessment of clinical expertise. A main gap remains in the evaluation method to objectively characterize the balance functions in individuals with high risk of falling. With the development of wearable and mobile devices, recent advances in smart mobile devices may provide a potential opportunity to manage the gap in the detailed quantification of balance impairments. The purpose of this study is to identify whether the biomechanical data measured by the mobile device is reliable to characterize the posture stability in various balance test conditions. A total of 39 children with Down syndrome completed four balance-testing tasks under altered base of support and vision. Simultaneous biomechanical measurements were gathered from the iPod and force plate analysis system during functional balance testing. The force plate and mobile system provided similar patterns of stability across groups. Correlation ([Formula: see text] between two systems for path length, 95% ellipse area, peak-to-peak, standard deviation and mean ranged from 0.60 to 0.99. We expect that the smart mobile device can provide reliable and accurate information to quantify the postural stability in individuals with elderly people or neurological disorders. The objectivity, portability and easy use of such mobile device make it ideal to apply in clinical environments for detecting balance functions and reducing the risk of falls in Down syndrome or other neurological patients.
IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FOREFOOT WEDGES ON STANDING STABILITY IN YOUNG ADULTS
Authors: Chang Chu-Fen , Fan Hui-Ji , Chen Hung-Bin , Lim Houu-Wooi , Lee Hsiao-Yuan , Lin Kwan-Hwa
Published: February 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the immediate effect of wearing the functional insoles with different slopes of forefoot wedges on postural stability in young adults during quiet stance. In this study, the functional insole was composed of a forefoot wedge and a medial arch support. Twelve healthy young adults (six males and six females) participated. Each subject wore sneakers with and without functional insole and stood as still as possible on a force plate with feet together, arms by side and head facing ahead for 60[Formula: see text]s, while eyes open and eyes closed, respectively. The functional insole was applied in the random sequence of no insole, wearing insole with a medial arch and a four-degree forefoot wedge, as well as wearing insole with a medial arch and an eight-degree forefoot wedge. The sway areas as well as the maximal excursions of the center of pressure (COP) in anterior–posterior (AP) and medial–lateral (ML) directions were used to evaluate the static postural stability. During stance with feet together and eyes closed, the sway area and maximal excursion of the COP in the AP direction were significantly decreased when wearing an eight-degree forefoot wedge functional insole. Since the reduced displacements of the COP indicated better postural control, it was suggested that the functional insole with an eight-degree forefoot wedge and a medial arch support might be beneficial to improve the postural stability in patients with impaired balance control, especially for whom having high risk of forward falls.
Transformation of Dom-Ino Structures from the Architect’s Point of View
Authors: Han Yu Chen , You Fang Chen
Published: February 2018

As the most widespread applied structure model since Modernism, Dom-ino Structure is rooted deeply in the sub-conscious of many architects, which in some sense constrains their ability to shape it. Transformation strategies for Dom-ino Structure try to change a hard, homogeneous and rigid model into a soft, flexible, and changeable form. By analyzing the inner property of Dom-ino Structure, this article firstly specifies the orientation of probable transformations. Then, after categorizing cases with integrated architectural form and structure, this article describes three ways of transforming of Dom-ino Structure, including material replacement, geomorphing and mechanics remodeling. These three ways are mutually dependent with a prolongable method system for the innovation of architectural and structural form. This research on the transformation of an existing structural model, presented from the architect’s point of view, is based on Morphological perspective. This research could facilitate the integration of architecture and structure, clarify the inner relations between different structural types, improve the weaknesses of existing structure model while expanding the diversity of architecture forms. It also gives a significant picture of how inspiring the process of collaboration between the architect and the engineer can be.
The Influence of Sunspaces on the Design of Thermal Envelopes in Energy Demand in Southern Chile
Authors: Carpio Manuel , Hubner Jorge , Osorio Emil
Published: February 2018

This study evaluates the thermal influence of sunspaces from a representative case, The Historical and Anthropological Museum Maurice Van de Maele, Valdivia, Chile. For this case, different possible situations were analysed, including sunspaces, through energy simulations. The simulations were compared to the current state of the buildings, to perform an analysis of the possible energetic saving by incorporating sunspaces into construction. The specific climate of the area defined that during the majority of the year heating is needed, more than cooling, for the buildings. The results show that there are cases where, using sunspaces as an intermediary between interiors and exteriors, significant savings of over 60% in winter can be obtained.
The Analysis of the Slow-Traffic and Lingering Space System of the Bridges and both Banks - Taking the Estuary Area of Suzhou Creek in Shanghai as an Example
Authors: Yang Chun Xia , Liang Yu , Geng Hui Zhi
Published: February 2018

It is necessary to construct the slow-traffic and lingering space system of the bridges and both banks in the motorized era. It’s the main part of the city planning for non-motorized travel. Also, it’s important for the development of the cross-river slow-traffic system and the comprehensive development of bridges and both banks. We investigate and analyze the traffic volume, lingering activities and cross-river walking path in the estuary area of Suzhou Creek. And we found three things. Firstly, the cross-river slow-traffic and lingering space is not smooth and attractive. Secondly, the riverside slow-traffic and lingering space is not continuous and extensive. Thirdly, the bridge slow-traffic and lingering space is not safe and comfortable. Based on these, some optimizing strategies are proposed. For example, it is recommended to construct the continuous cross-river slow-traffic network, to establish the both-bank lingering space system around the center of river, and to build bridges with slow-traffic and lingering functions.
Experiment Study on Degradation Laws of Sulfuric Acid Corrosion Reinforcements
Authors: Lin Ming Qiang , Dai Feng Juan , Li Jia Tao
Published: February 2018

The corrosion of concrete structures is serious in sulfuric acid environments. Corrosion damage of reinforcements caused sulfuric acid corrosion is very serious. The rapid experiments of sulfuric acid corrosion steel bars were carried out, and the apparent morphology and mechanical properties of sulfuric acid corrosion steel bars were studied. The results show that the corrosion of steel bars is uniform corrosion. With the increase of corrosion rate, the yield platforms and the yield strengths and ultimate strengths are reduced. Based on the experimental datas, the relationship models between yield strengths and ultimate strengths and corrosion rates were obtained. The constitutive models of corrosion steel bars were established. The stress - strain relationship model is in good agreement with the experimental data.
Evaluation of Fresh Properties of Controlled Low-Strength Material Produced from Water Treatment Sludge-Fly Ash-Slag Mixture Using Alkaline Activation
Authors: Hwang Chao Lung , Chiang Chi Hung , Huynh Trong Phuoc , Jhang Bo Jyun
Published: February 2018

This study used a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution to activate a mixture of water treatment sludge, fly ash, and slag, in order to produce a new alkali-activated controlled low-strength material (CLSM). Fresh properties of this new CLSM were investigated through the tests of workability, setting time, and ball drop time. Test results show that the addition of water treatment sludge (WTS) decreased workability. In addition, the addition of such WTS increased initial setting time and ball drop time, whereas the alkali equivalent (AE) shortened the initial setting time and ball drop time. At a liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S) of 0.9, a WTS content of 10%, and an alkali equivalent of 9%, the fresh properties for the CLSM conforms to the design principles and provisions of the Public Works Department, Taipei City Government, and is ideal for road construction in order to reduce traffic impact.
Research on Attenuation of Shock Induced Stress Wave in Multi-Layered Thin Cylindrical Rods
Authors: Peng Fei , Yang Zhi Guang , Wang Li Peng
Published: February 2018

The attenuation of stress wave induced by impact load in multi-layered thin cylindrical rods has been investigated and analyzed. Firstly, based on stress wave propagation theory, the one dimension solution of the response of stress wave in three-layered media has been given. Secondly, a three-layered thin cylindrical rod has been established through FEM, and the propagation and attenuation of stress wave in it has been analyzed. The analytical and numerical results showed that the stress wave attenuation could be achieved by using multi-layered media.
The Wind Flow Characteristics Measuring Simulations of Soundproof Tunnels on Expressways
Authors: You Jang Youl , Paek Sun Young , Kim Doo Kie , You Ki Pyo
Published: February 2018

Soundproof tunnels and soundproof walls constructed on expressways are designed to prevent noise for the nearby surrounding residential areas. These soundproof walls and tunnels feature excellent noise prevention for residential areas nearby, but they hamper the dispersion of air pollutants generated, thus promoting the creation of heat islands during summer and cold islands during winter.The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis method was used to investigate the wind flow around soundproof tunnels. The wind angle and the size of the wind velocity were determined using data from weather stations near soundproof tunnels. The CFD analysis results of the soundproof tunnels on expressways revealed that the wind velocity decreased by 30–60% following the installation of soundproof tunnels.
Dividend cession and dividend distribution: The South African VAT implications
Authors: Haupt Estian , Nel Rudie
Published: February 2018

An intuitive approach when considering the VAT implications of a dividend cession, which relates to a share, could be to classify it as a financial service and thus exempt from VAT. The fact that debt factoring, another cession transaction, has been noted as an exempt supply could support the intuitive approach in favour of a financial service. Pursuant to different interpretations and in an attempt to triangulate evidence, the meaning of
Growth and employment impacts of public economic infrastructure investment in South Africa: A dynamic CGE analysis
Authors: Mbanda Vandudzai , Chitiga-Mabugu Margaret
Published: February 2018

Public infrastructure investment is believed to be one of the key factors in addressing South Africa
The impact of non-unionised participation platforms on employee productivity in the South African workplace
Authors: Van Zyl Gerhardus
Published: February 2018

The aim of the article is to determine the impact that different participation platforms might have on employee productivity levels of the lower-skilled non-unionised employee segment of the South African workplace. A firm-based dynamic log-linear Cobb-Douglas production function model is used as it allows for the incorporation of the dynamic characteristics of the non-unionised employee segment of the South African workplace. The main conclusions of the study are that, i) the positive productivity spill-over effects of a formal committee participation platform in the lower-skilled non-unionised employee segment of the South African workplace are superior to non-committee participation platforms and, ii) a more dispersed racial participation rate, greater gender spread and a dynamic age spread for non-unionised employees are important contributing factors towards the enhancement of higher productivity levels for lower-skilled non-unionised employee participation platforms.
Assessment of debt counselling services: A case of Gauteng, South Afrca
Authors: Masilo Kgomotso H. , Marx Johan
Published: February 2018

The high level of over-indebtedness in Gauteng is cause for concern. The number of consumers applying for debt counselling as well as the registered debt counsellors is increasing. The study on which this article reports aimed at exploring and describing the role of debt counselling in terms of personal financial well-being of consumers in Gauteng. Fifteen debt counsellors were interviewed and 300 consumers were surveyed. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. There was no evidence that consumers who received debt counselling improved in their financial standing. It was observed that both debt counsellors and consumers lacked financial management skills. It was concluded that, while debt counselling is important, it does not necessarily improve the financial well-being of consumers. It is recommended that financial management skills should serve as a pre-requisite for debt counselling registration and consumers be introduced to personal financial management education at an early stage of their lives.
A test of satisfaction, experience and hours of work as mediators of the relationship between education and informal earnings
Authors: Callaghan Chris W.
Published: February 2018

At the heart of policies aimed at eliminating informal street trading seems to be a ‘marginalist’ perspective of the sector which does not see it as contributing to socio-economic development. What is not clear, however, is what underlies the financial dysfunctionality associated with the sector. Using a sample of 303 inner city street traders drawn from Johannesburg, a large South African city, tests of regression and mediated regression were used to test theory that predicts the existence of certain human capital relationships that may contribute to increased earnings for these traders. Findings suggest that certain human capital relationships in this sector may differ from those normally found in formal working contexts, in that although education is significantly associated with earnings, continuance satisfaction, experience and expenditure of effort, or hours worked per day, all do not mediate relationships between education and earnings. It is suggested that current policies might be keeping traders in a state of ‘flux’, where human capital transmission to financial performance might be unable to take root through seeking to ‘crack down’ on the sector instead of investing in the sector to enable its functionality, and hence its potential contribution to economic development.
Financial products used by South African households at different life stages
Authors: Stedall Cinzia , Venter Jan M.P.
Published: February 2018

South African households don’t save enough to ensure financial freedom after retirement. This article poses the following question: do life stages have a significant impact on the financial products used by households? The question is asked in order to identify possible interventions that could increase financial freedom. This study found that life stages have a significant impact on South African households’ selection of financial products. The use of financial products for each of the levels of the financial product usage hierarchy increases as the age of the household head increases and when the size of the family increases, the only exception being single-parent families. The study indicated that financial literacy programmes should focus on young couples and young families, as there is a notable increase in their financial product usage. The study also found a very low usage of wealth management products by South African households and suggests that policymakers consider the introduction of an incentive to increase household’s usage of these products.
Cloud computing activities: South African normal tax source determination
Authors: Nel Rudie , Steenkamp Shene
Published: February 2018

The location-independent nature of cloud-based transactions results in many source-related difficulties for normal tax purposes. This study considered the source determination for each of the possible classifications of cloud-based income (lease, service and royalty income, and/or income from know-how) by performing a doctrinal study based on South African and international literature. This study identified and formulated the challenges in applying traditional source tests in the context of cloud-based transactions. These challenges stem from the potential absence of physical presence of the provider in the country of consumption, in contrast to traditional source tests where physical presence indicate a tax presence; as well as the location-independent nature of cloud-based transactions from the perspective of both the provider and the consumer. The findings of the study suggest that the source determination for cloud-based transactions could be based on the source of the payment or residency of the payer, rather than the physical location.
Company determinants of capital structure on the JSE Ltd and the influence of the 2008 financial crisis
Authors: Mouton Marise , Smith Nico
Published: February 2018

The optimal capital structure and value of a company is in constant evolution, taking into account both the external and internal environment. This study examines company-related determinants of capital structure and investigates whether the 2008 financial crisis exerted any significant influence on the capital structure and the identified determinants in a sample of top 40 JSE Ltd listed companies in South Africa. A panel regression model was applied to identify the most significant capital structure determinants and variance in them. Panel regression accounts for cross-sectional data and time series data simultaneously. It was found that the 2008 financial crisis did not exert a significant difference on the capital structures of the sample companies. The most significant company-related determinants of capital structure before the 2008 financial crisis were risk, tangibility and profitability. Risk and tangibility had a stronger influence on capital structure after the 2008 financial crisis but profitability became insignificant. The significant factors should be closely monitored to detect change in capital structure and the valuation of a company.
Restructuring Port Governance in South Africa
Authors: Meyiwa Ayanda , Chasomeris Mihalis
Published: February 2018

South Africa’s (SA) ports do not have a clearly defined port doctrine. They have certain elements resembling the Anglo-Saxon port doctrine, others the Continental doctrine and still others the Asian port doctrine. Thus, SA encounters conflicting port objectives: it runs a complementary ports system where costs are not reflective of prices charged, and the revenues and costs allocated to various commodity types remain unjustified. This is against the backdrop of intra-port, inter-port and multimodal cross-subsidisation, which found justification in SA’s developmental objectives but has been viewed as unjustifiable under current economic conditions, giving rise to dissatisfaction among various port stakeholders regarding Transnet as a state-owned enterprise and Transnet National Ports Authority’s (TNPA) governance and pricing practices that have not been adequately addressed. Using content analysis, 18 stakeholders’ submissions on the 2013-2014 TNPA tariff application, 15 stakeholders’ submissions regarding the multi-year tariff application, and 16 submissions regarding the 2014-2015 tariff application were assessed. The focus was on finding links between challenges faced by stakeholders and whether solutions would be found through SA adopting a different port doctrine. The findings show that while the Asian doctrine is more aligned with SA’s developmental objectives, adoption of it may prove premature in view of the current and foreseeable economic conditions. The study shows that the local port system may not find a perfect fit into any of the known port models and established port doctrines, but, instead, that SA needs to articulate its own port doctrine.
Mandibular Molar Intrusion with a Modified Lingual Arch
Authors: Jaisinghani Amit , Shetty Ganesh Prasad
Published: February 2018

Intrusion of the supra erupted molar is one of the most difficult treatment. Supra eruption is common in a mutilated dentition. This article describes an effective way to bring about intrusion of supra erupted molars.
Disorderly Women and the Order of God
Authors: Connolly Michele A.
Published: February 2018

Michele A. Connolly reads the Gospel of Mark through a postcolonial, feminist lens. Post-colonial analysis links the Gospel of Mark, produced in the context of the Roman Empire with contemporary Australia, established initially as a colony of the British Empire. Feminist analysis of texts from two foundational events in Australian colonial history reveals that women in such texts tend to be marginalised, silenced and denigrated, because imperialist sexism, both ancient and modern, perceives women as a threat to the order that males alone can impose on the world

The Gospel of Mark portrays Jesus bringing the order of the Reign of God to combat the disorder of apocalyptic evil. Jesus’ task is a markedly male project against which 11 female characters are portrayed as disorderly distractions who are managed by being marginalised, silenced and denigrated.This contradicts Jesus’ message of mutual service and non-domination. In his death under apocalyptic power, Jesus is depicted as isolated, silenced and denigrated.This subtly associates femaleness with chaos, failure and disgrace
Movement as Meaning in Experimental Cinema
Authors: Barnett Daniel
Published: February 2018

Movement as Meaning in Experimental Cinema offers sweeping and cogent arguments as to why analytic philosophers should take experimental cinema seriously as a medium for illuminating mechanisms of meaning in language. Using the analogy of the movie projector, Barnett deconstructs all communication acts into functions of interval, repetition and context. He describes how Wittgenstein's concepts of family resemblance and language games provide a dynamic perspective on the analysis of acts of reference. He then develops a hyper-simplified formula of movement as meaning to discuss, with true equivalence, the process of reference as it occurs in natural language, technical language, poetic language, painting, photography, music, and of course, cinema. Barnett then applies his analytic technique to an original perspective on cine-poetics based on Paul Valery's concept of omnivalence, and to a projection of how this style of analysis, derived from analog cinema, can help us clarify our view of the digital mediasphere and its relation to consciousness. Informed by the philosophy of Quine, Dennett, Merleau-Ponty as well as the later work of Wittgenstein, among others, he uses the film work of Stan Brakhage, Tony Conrad, A.K. Dewdney, Nathaniel Dorsky, Ken Jacobs, Owen Land, Saul Levine, Gregory Markopoulos Michael Snow, and the poetry of Basho, John Cage, John Cayley and Paul Valery to illustrate the power of his unique perspective on meaning.
Crossover Stardom
Authors: Wright Julie Lobalzo
Published: February 2018

Crossover Stardom: Popular Male Stars in American Cinema focuses on male music stars who have attempted to achieve film stardom. Crossover stardom can describe stars who cross from one medium to another. Although ‘crossover’ has become a popular term to describe many modern stars who appear in various mediums, crossover stardom has a long history, going back to the beginning of the cinema. Lobalzo Wright begins with Bing Crosby, a significant Hollywood star in the studio era; moving to Elvis Presley in the 1950s and 1960s, as the studio system collapsed; to Kris Kristofferson in the New Hollywood period of the 1970s; and ending with Will Smith and Justin Timberlake, in the contemporary era, when corporate conglomerates dominate Hollywood. Thus, the study not only explores music stardom (and music genres) in various eras, and masculinity within these periods, it also surveys the history of American cinema from industrial and cultural perspectives, from the 1930s to today.
Size distribution and coating thickness of black carbon from the Canadian oil sands operations
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Li Shao-Meng , Gordon Mark , Liu Peter
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) plays an important role in the Earth's climate system.
However, parameterizations of BC size and mixing state have not been well
addressed in aerosol–climate models, introducing substantial uncertainties
into the estimation of radiative forcing by BC. In this study, we focused on
BC emissions from the oil sands (OS) surface mining activities in northern
Alberta, based on an aircraft campaign conducted over the Athabasca OS region
in 2013. A total of 14 flights were made over the OS source area, in which
the aircraft was typically flown in a four- or five-sided polygon
pattern along flight tracks encircling an OS facility. Another 3 flights were
performed downwind of the OS source area, each of which involved at least
three intercepting locations where the well-mixed OS plume was measured along
flight tracks perpendicular to the wind direction. Comparable size
distributions were observed for refractory black carbon (rBC) over and
downwind of the OS facilities, with rBC mass median diameters (MMDs) between
∼ 135 and 145 nm that were characteristic of fresh urban emissions.
This MMD range corresponded to rBC number median diameters (NMDs) of
∼ 60–70 nm, approximately 100 % higher than the NMD settings in
some aerosol–climate models. The typical in- and out-of-plume segments of a
flight, which had different rBC concentrations and photochemical ages, showed
consistent rBC size distributions in terms of MMD, NMD and the corresponding
distribution widths. Moreover, rBC size distributions remained unchanged at
different downwind distances from the source area, suggesting that
atmospheric aging would not necessarily change rBC size distribution.
However, aging indeed influenced rBC mixing state. Coating thickness for rBC
cores in the diameter range of 130–160 nm was nearly doubled (from
∼ 20 to 40 nm) within 3 h when the OS plume was transported over a
distance of 90 km from the source area.
On the consistency of HNO3 and NO2 in the Aleutian High reigon from the Nimbus 7 LIMS version 6 dataset
Authors: Remsberg Ellis , Natarajan Murali , Harvey V. Lynn
Published: February 2018

Abstract. This study uses photochemical calculations along kinematic trajectories in conjunction with Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) observations to examine the changes in HNO3 and NO2 near 30 hPa in the region of the Aleutian High (AH) during the minor warming event of January 1979. An earlier analysis of Version 5 (V5) LIMS data indicated increases in HNO3 without a corresponding decrease in NO2 in that region and a wave-2 signature in the zonal distribution of HNO3, unlike the wave-1 signal in ozone and other tracers. Version 6 (V6) LIMS also shows an increase of HNO3 in that region, but NO2 is smaller than from V5. The focus here is to convey that both V6 HNO3 and NO2 are of better quality than from V5, as shown here by a re-examination of their mutual changes in the AH region. Photochemical model calculations initialized with LIMS V6 data show increases of about 2 ppbv in HNO3 over 10 days along trajectories terminating in the AH region on 28 January. Those increases are mainly a result of the nighttime heterogeneous conversion of N2O5 on background stratospheric sulfuric acid aerosols. Changes in the composition of the air parcels depend on the extent of exposure to sunlight and, hence, on the dynamically controlled history of the trajectories. Trajectories that begin in low latitudes and traverse to across the Pole in a short time lead to the low HNO3 in the region separating the anticyclone from the polar vortex, both of which contain higher HNO3. These findings help to explain the observed seasonal evolution and areal extent of both species. V6 HNO3 and NO2 are suitable, within their errors, for the validation of stratospheric chemistry/climate models.
Sensitivity of the Eocene climate to CO2 and orbital variability
Authors: Keery John S. , Holden Philip B. , Edwards Neil R.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The early Eocene, from about 56 Ma, with high atmospheric
CO2 levels, offers an analogue for the response of the Earth's climate
system to anthropogenic fossil fuel burning. In this study, we present an
ensemble of 50 Earth system model runs with an early Eocene palaeogeography
and variation in the forcing values of atmospheric CO2 and the Earth's
orbital parameters. Relationships between simple summary metrics of model
outputs and the forcing parameters are identified by linear modelling,
providing estimates of the relative magnitudes of the effects of atmospheric
CO2 and each of the orbital parameters on important climatic features,
including tropical–polar temperature difference, ocean–land temperature
contrast, Asian, African and South (S.) American monsoon rains, and climate
sensitivity. Our results indicate that although CO2 exerts a dominant
control on most of the climatic features examined in this study, the orbital
parameters also strongly influence important components of the
ocean–atmosphere system in a greenhouse Earth. In our ensemble, atmospheric
CO2 spans the range 280–3000 ppm, and this variation accounts for over
90 % of the effects on mean air temperature, southern winter
high-latitude ocean–land temperature contrast and northern winter
tropical–polar temperature difference. However, the variation of precession
accounts for over 80 % of the influence of the forcing parameters on the
Asian and African monsoon rainfall, and obliquity variation accounts for over
65 % of the effects on winter ocean–land temperature contrast in high
northern latitudes and northern summer tropical–polar temperature
difference. Our results indicate a bimodal climate sensitivity, with values
of 4.36 and 2.54 ∘C, dependent on low or high states of atmospheric
CO2 concentration, respectively, with a threshold at approximately
1000 ppm in this model, and due to a saturated vegetation–albedo feedback.
Our method gives a quantitative ranking of the influence of each of the
forcing parameters on key climatic model outputs, with additional spatial
information from singular value decomposition providing insights into likely
physical mechanisms. The results demonstrate the importance of orbital
variation as an agent of change in climates of the past, and we demonstrate
that emulators derived from our modelling output can be used as rapid and
efficient surrogates of the full complexity model to provide estimates of
climate conditions from any set of forcing parameters.
Design and evaluation of split-ring resonators for aptamer-based biosensors
Authors: Reinecke Tobias , Walter Johanna-Gabriela , Kobelt Tim , Ahrens André , Scheper Thomas , Zimmermann Stefan
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Split-ring resonators are electrical circuits, which enable highly sensitive readout of split capacity changes via a measurement of the shift in the resonance frequency. Thus, functionalization of the split allows the development of biosensors, where selective molecular binding causes a change in permittivity and therefore a change in split capacity. In this work, we present a novel approach using transmission line theory to describe the dependency between permittivity of the sample and resonance frequency. This theory allows the identification of all relevant parameters of a split-ring resonator and thus a target-oriented optimization process. Hereby all setup optimizations are verified with measurements. Subsequently, the split of a resonator is functionalized with aptamers and the sensor response is investigated. This preliminary experiment shows that introducing the target protein results in a shift in the resonance frequency caused by a permittivity change due to aptamer-mediated protein binding, which allows selective detection of the target protein.
NHM–SMAP: spatially and temporally high-resolution nonhydrostatic atmospheric model coupled with detailed snow process model for Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Niwano Masashi , Aoki Teruo , Hashimoto Akihiro , Matoba Sumito , Yamaguchi Satoru , Tanikawa Tomonori , Fujita Koji , Tsushima Akane , Iizuka Yoshinori , Shimada Rigen , Hori Masahiro
Published: February 2018

Abstract. To improve surface mass balance (SMB) estimates for the Greenland Ice Sheet
(GrIS), we developed a 5 km resolution regional climate model combining the
Japan Meteorological Agency Non-Hydrostatic atmospheric Model and the Snow
Metamorphism and Albedo Process model (NHM–SMAP) with an output interval of
1 h, forced by the Japanese 55-year reanalysis (JRA-55). We used in situ data
to evaluate NHM–SMAP in the GrIS during the 2011–2014 mass balance years. We
investigated two options for the lower boundary conditions of the atmosphere:
an offline configuration using snow, firn, and ice albedo, surface
temperature data from JRA-55, and an online configuration using values
from SMAP. The online configuration improved model performance in simulating
2 m air temperature, suggesting that the surface analysis provided by JRA-55
is inadequate for the GrIS and that SMAP results can better simulate physical conditions
of snow/firn/ice. It also reproduced the measured features
of the GrIS climate, diurnal variations, and even a strong mesoscale wind
event. In particular, it successfully reproduced the temporal evolution of
the GrIS surface melt area extent as well as the record melt event around 12
July 2012, at which time the simulated melt area extent reached 92.4 %.
Sensitivity tests showed that the choice of calculation schemes for vertical
water movement in snow and firn has an effect as great as
200 Gt year−1 in the GrIS-wide accumulated SMB estimates; a scheme
based on the Richards equation provided the best performance.
Change in frozen soils and its effect on regional hydrology, upper Heihe basin, northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Gao Bing , Yang Dawen , Qin Yue , Wang Yuhan , Li Hongyi , Zhang Yanlin , Zhang Tingjun
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Frozen ground has an important role in regional hydrological cycles and ecosystems, particularly on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP), which is characterized by high elevations and a dry climate. This study modified a distributed, physically based hydrological model and applied it to simulate long-term (1971–2013) changes in frozen ground its the effects on hydrology in the upper Heihe basin, northeastern QTP. The model was validated against data obtained from multiple ground-based observations. Based on model simulations, we analyzed spatio-temporal changes in frozen soils and their effects on hydrology. Our results show that the area with permafrost shrank by 8.8 % (approximately 500 km2), predominantly in areas with elevations between 3500 and 3900 m. The maximum depth of seasonally frozen ground decreased at a rate of approximately 0.032 m decade−1, and the active layer thickness over the permafrost increased by approximately 0.043 m decade−1. Runoff increased significantly during the cold season (November–March) due to an increase in liquid soil moisture caused by rising soil temperatures. Areas in which permafrost changed into seasonally frozen ground at high elevations showed especially large increases in runoff. Annual runoff increased due to increased precipitation, the base flow increased due to changes in frozen soils, and the actual evapotranspiration increased significantly due to increased precipitation and soil warming. The groundwater storage showed an increasing trend, indicating that a reduction in permafrost extent enhanced the groundwater recharge.
Presentación. Nuevamente Darío en la Universidad Complutense
Authors: Oviedo Pérez de Tudela Rocío
Published: February 2018

Presentación. Nuevamente Darío en la Universidad Complutense
Rubén Darío: supervivencia y mutación de las formas clásicas
Authors: Colombi Beatriz
Published: February 2018

Las crónicas que Darío escribe sobre la exposición universal de París de 1900, reunidas luego en Peregrinaciones, interrogan a la cultura moderna en sus puntos ciegos. Darío usa como prisma para su diagnóstico la supervivencia y mutación de las imágenes del mundo clásico revisitada por la cultura de fin de siglo. El trabajo se centra en este momento reflexivo y melancólico del 900, cuando la percepción de la obra de Auguste Rodin coloca a Darío frente a la encrucijada de lo nuevo, donde la figura clásica, o su ruptura, opera como parámetro de su estética, tensionada por modernidades desfasadas
Rubén Darío y la imposibilidad del teatro modernista español
Authors: Vélez Sainz Julio
Published: February 2018

El teatro fue una de las constantes de interés periodístico de Rubén Darío. Desde sus primeras crónicas chilenas hasta sus últimos trabajos por encargo se mantuvo al tanto del mismo. En cuanto a su etapa puramente española, las crónicas de Darío sirven magníficamente como punzantes análisis de la posibilidad, o imposibilidad, del desarrollo del arte dramático modernista en Madrid. Pese a calificar y apoyar algunos esfuerzos individuales, Darío señala que el modernismo, como campo cultural, es un producto comunal de una hermandad (“brotherhood”) dedicada, preparada y cosmopolita; asunto que, pese a los esfuerzos de un Villaespesa, un Dicenta o, sobre todo, un Benavente, no puede cristalizar sin apoyo y esfuerzo del medio.
Visiones teatrales de Rubén Darío
Authors: Mejías Alonso Almudena , Bravo Rozas Cristina
Published: February 2018

Las crónicas de Rubén Darío sobre el teatro, los estrenos, los actores, los decorados, muestran como el género dramático y su representación es para el vate nicaragüense un expresión también válida, y en ocasiones casi perfecta, para la expresión modernista.