bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algal Morphological Identification in Watersheds for Drinking Water Supply Using Neural Architecture Search for Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Park Jungsu , Lee Hyunho , Park Cheol Young , Hasan Samiul , Heo Tae-Young , Lee Woo Hyoung
Published: June 2019

An excessive increase in algae often has various undesirable effects on drinking water supply systems, thus proper management is necessary. Algal monitoring and classification is one of the fundamental steps in the management of algal blooms. Conventional microscopic methods have been most widely used for algal classification, but such approaches are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Thus, the development of alternative methods for rapid, but reliable algal classification is essential where an advanced machine learning technique, known as deep learning, is considered to provide a possible approach for rapid algal classification. In recent years, one of the deep learning techniques, namely the convolutional neural network (CNN), has been increasingly used for image classification in various fields, including algal classification. However, previous studies on algal classification have used CNNs that were arbitrarily chosen, and did not explore possible CNNs fitting algal image data. In this paper, neural architecture search (NAS), an automatic approach for the design of artificial neural networks (ANN), is used to find a best CNN model for the classification of eight algal genera in watersheds experiencing algal blooms, including three cyanobacteria (Microcystis sp., Oscillatoria sp., and Anabaena sp.), three diatoms (Fragilaria sp., Synedra sp., and two green algae (Staurastrum sp. and Pediastrum sp.). The developed CNN model effectively classified the algal genus with an F1-score of 0.95 for the eight genera. The results indicate that the CNN models developed from NAS can outperform conventional CNN development approaches, and would be an effective tool for rapid operational responses to algal bloom events. In addition, we introduce a generic framework that provides a guideline for the development of the machine learning models for algal image analysis. Finally, we present the experimental results from the real-world environments using the framework and NAS.
Precipitation Estimation Methods in Continuous, Distributed Urban Hydrologic Modeling
Authors: Woodson David , Adams Thomas E. , Dymond Randel
Published: June 2019

Quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) remains a key area of uncertainty in hydrological modeling and prediction, particularly in small, urban watersheds, which respond rapidly to precipitation and can experience significant spatial variability in rainfall fields. Few studies have compared QPE methods in small, urban watersheds, and studies that have examined this topic only compared model results on an event basis using a small number of storms. This study sought to compare the efficacy of multiple QPE methods when simulating discharge in a small, urban watershed on a continuous basis using an operational hydrologic model and QPE forcings. The research distributed hydrologic model (RDHM) was used to model a basin in Roanoke, Virginia, USA, forced with QPEs from four methods: mean field bias (MFB) correction of radar data, kriging of rain gauge data, uncorrected radar data, and a basin-uniform estimate from a single gauge inside the watershed. Based on comparisons between simulated and observed discharge at the basin outlet for a six-month period in 2018, simulations forced with the uncorrected radar QPE had the highest accuracy, as measured by root mean squared error (RMSE) and peak flow relative error, despite systematic underprediction of the mean areal precipitation (MAP). Simulations forced with MFB-corrected radar data consistently and significantly overpredicted discharge, but had the highest accuracy in predicting the timing of peak flows.
Field Investigation on River Hydrochemical Characteristics and Larval and Juvenile Fish in the Source Region of the Yangtze River
Authors: Zhao Liangyuan , Li Wei , Lin Li , Guo Weijie , Zhao Weihua , Tang Xianqiang , Gong Dandan , Li Qingyun , Xu Ping
Published: June 2019

The source region of the Yangtze River (SRYR) is located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where the climatic conditions and alpine-cold natural conditions are harsh. Field investigations of the hydrochemical characteristics and larva and juvenile fish in rivers of the SRYR were carried out in July 2018 with the aim of obtaining further information on the unique ecological environment status of this plateau area. The results of the present research indicated that majority of the river water quality parameters in the SRYR were in the range of class I to class II, according to the classification of the environmental quality standard for surface water (GB3838-2002) in China. Among 12 kinds of metal ions, the concentrations of four major ions occurred in the following order: Ca > Na > Mg > K. The concentrations of eight heavy metal ions (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr and As) were all within the class I water range based on GB3838-2002. A total of three species of larval and juvenile fish, i.e., Triplophysa stenura (T. stenura), Schizopygopsis microcephalus Herzenstein (S. microcephalus) and Triplophysa bleekeri (T. bleekeri), were collected from 11 sampling sites. It was found that T. stenura covered the widest distribution range and was the most abundant. The results of principal component analysis and canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated that the distribution of S. microcephalus exhibited a positive response to water temperature, a positive response to K and a negative correlation with water temperature were demonstrated in the distribution of T. stenura. T. bleekeri distribution had a positive response to Cu, but negative responses to total phosphorus and total dissolved solid.
Forest Fire Risk Mapping by using GIS Techniques and AHP Method: A Case Study in Bodrum (Turkey)
Authors: AKAY Abdullah Emin , ŞAHİN Halil
Published: June 2019

In Turkey, forest areas
located along the coastline of the Marmara, the Aegean and the Mediterranean
regions are very sensitive to fire. As a result of forest fires, about 10000 hectares
of forest area is damaged annually. One of the key elements in firefighting is
early detection and quick intervention. In order to achieve this goal, first of
all, the forest areas with fire risk should be determined especially for fire
sensitive forest areas. The forest fire risk can be evaluated considering
various risk factors such as stand structures,
topographic factors, proximity to some features (roads, settlements, and water
resources), and climatic factors. In this study, GIS techniques and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to produce forest fire risk
map for the first degree fire sensitive forest land located in Bodrum province
of Muğla in Turkey. The results indicated that 11.83%
and 21.98% of the forest area was categorized as very high and high fire risk,
respectively, while 22.28% and 25.93% was moderate and low fire risk,
respectively. The fire risk was found to be very low at the rest of the study
area (17.98%). To compare the fire risk map with actual forest fire occurrences
in the study area, it was overlapped with the fire map indicating forest
components where previous forest fires (>1.0 ha) occurred in the study area
in last five years. It was found that 38.32% of the areas damaged by the
previous fires were categorized as high and very high fire risks zones in fire
risk map, while 28.44% was moderate fire risk zones. The result
showed that tree species was the most effective risk factor, followed by tree
stages and proximity to water resources. This study revealed that
the combination of GIS techniques and AHP method is very advantageous approach
to map forest areas with fire risk in short time.
Elaboração de cartas de zoneamento geotécnico: exemplo da folha de Piracicaba, São Paulo - escala: 1.100.000
Authors: PEJON Osni José , Zuquette Lázaro Valentin
Published: June 2019

Este artigo mostra a importância da elaboração de cartas de zoneamento geotécnico geral em mapeamentos geotécnicos regionais. Apresenta-se neste trabalho a metodologia utilizada na elaboração da carta de zoneamento geotécnico geral da folha de Piracicaba na escala 1:100.000. Verifica-se a importância da utilização de atributos naturais para definição das unidades, devido ao inter-relacionamento que apresentam com os demais atributos.
A caracterização dos materiais inconsolidados na compartimentação geotécnica da região de Bragança Paulista - São Paulo
Authors: Collares Eduardo Goulart , Lorandi Reinaldo
Published: June 2019

O presente trabalho resultou da necessidade de caracterizar as diversas camadas de intemperismo do material inconsolidado visando ao mapeamento geotécnico da região de Bragança Paulista-SP. Para a representação das variações verticais e compartimentação das unidades, recorreram-se aos perfis de alteração e à análise do terreno através do conceito de landforms. Na caracterização dos materiais adotaram-se critérios adequados aos solos de origemtropical.
Aplicação da Carta Geotécnica de Cuiabá
Authors: Feuerharmmel Anna Regina , Santos José Antônio Lemos dos , Rodrigues Prudêncio
Published: June 2019

A cidade de Cuiabá tem enfrentado problemas decorrentes da interação do meio físico e do uso e ocupação do solo. Buscando a melhor compreensão desse processo, para estabelecer medidas corretivas e preventivas, elaborou-se uma Carta Geotécnica, visando fornecer diretrizes ao planejamento urbano, à elaboração do Plano Diretor e à legislação de uso, ocupação e parcelamento do solo urbano. Ao completar três anos de utilização da Carta, tentouseuma breve avaliação.
Aplicação de Geofísica na obtenção de informações para mapeamento geotécnico
Authors: Elis Vagner Roberto , Zuquette Lázaro Valentim
Published: June 2019

Foram aplicados ensaios de Sondagem Elétrica Vertical e Sísmica de Refração - na obtenção de informações sobre a transição solo-rocha, profundidade do nível d'água e profundidade e morfologia do topo do substrato rochoso em duas áreas com características geológicas distintas - para avaliar a sua eficiência na obtenção de atributos do meio físico.
An Overview of Research on Turkish Language Education: A Bibliomety Study
Authors:   International Burch University,, Gökçen Duygu , Arslan Mustafa ,   International BlackseaUniversity
Published: June 2019

There are several indicators that distinguish an academic discipline, including journals, lectures and graduate programs. One of them is the presence of academic publications in the respected citation indicators such as Web of Science (WoS). The aim of this study was to examine the published studies in the field of Turkish language education in scientific journals scanned by WoS. In the study, data was collected through document analysis and citation analysis methods in orderto understand the contents of the studies conducted in this field. A total of 128 studies on Turkish language education included in WoS academic database were examined and the findings obtained from the analysis were shown in tables. According to the results, information related to the most discussed and examined topics in Turkish language education, the countries and institutions that support the studies, the authors who contributed the most to the articles and the language in which the publications were more frequentlymade, and which keywords the authors frequentlyused,had been reached.According to these findings, it is possible to note that studies on Turkish language education has increased in the last 10 years, but it is still insufficient.
Nutritive value of Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) during primary growth in 2005
Authors: Kovács Péter , Lazányi János , Nagy Géza
Published: June 2019

In this paper we analysed the change of the chemical composition and nutritive value of Timothy observed during the spring of 2005. The nutritive value of Timothy was observed between the end of April and the beginning of June relating to the following parameters: crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat, ash, N-free extract, net-energy growth, net-energy lactation, net-energy maintenance, Metabolizable Protein Energy dependent, Metabolizable Protein N-dependent. We also analysed whether a relationship between the environmental factors that affect thegrowing period of grasses and the chemical composition can be detected or not. While testing for correlation, the number of days from 1st January, the amount of heat accumulation, solar radiation and rainfall were considered as independent coefficients.For the estimation of weather conditions we calculated the climate index. The observed year can be described as a year with a rainfall above the average and abundant solar radiation. A correlation can be detected between the change of parameters of nutritive value and the quality of the current year. In 2005 the result of the analysis of nutritive value was showed a significance difference with respect to each chemical composition at the rate of P<0.001 depending on the time when the samples were taken.According to the outlined data it can be stated that the change of the value of crude protein and ash show decreasing tendency agreeing the research literature. In parallel with the change of nutritive value, the amount of crude fibre and N-free extract increased. However, the value of Net-Energy maintenance showed an alteration only in the first half of the observed period. The same alteration tendency can be detected in the Net-Energy growth and the Net-Energy lactation.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP PENJUAL MAKANAN ONLINE TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN WADAH STYROFOAM DI WONOMULYO.
Authors: Elvit Indirawati Elvit Indirawati , Sukmawati Sukmawati , Soerachmad Yuliani
Published: June 2019

Styrofoam adalah material dari polytrene, masih termasuk golongan plastik dan merupakan sebuah monomer styrene. Bahaya monomer styrene terhadap kesehatan setelah terpapar dalam jangka panjang yaitu menyebabkan sakit kepala, letih, depresi dan anemia selain itu sampah Styrofoam merupakan limbah yang sangat sulit terurai oleh alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap penggunaan Styrofoam sebagai wadah makanan pada penjual makanan online. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Adapun sampel pada penelitian ini adalah penjual makanan online dengan jumlah sampel 49 yang diambil dengan teknik Total sampling. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan uji Chi-Square dengan tingkat signifikan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan penggunaan Styrofoam pada penjual makanan online (ρ = 0,036 < 0,05) dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara sikap dengan penggunaan wadah Styrofoam pada penjual makanan online (ρ = 0,727 > 0,05). Disarankan kepada penjual makanan online lebih memperhatikan wadah yang digunakan apakah layak atau tidak sebagai wadah untuk semua jenis makanan, terutama wadah Styrofoam harus lebih dikurangi penggunaannya atau jangan digunakan lagi karena kandungan yang terdapat didalam Styrofoam mengandung zat kimia yang bisa berpindah dengan cepat apabila makanan tersebut dalam keadaan panas.
İkinci Dünya Savaşında Türkiye'nin Ekonomik Kısıtları
Authors: YARDIMCI Mehmet Emin , KUTLUTÜRK Doğukan
Published: June 2019

2.
Dünya Savaşı döneminde birçok kesim tarafından eleştirilen başta Milli Korunma
Kanunu olmak üzere, varlık vergisi gibi iktisadi uygulamalara başvurulmuştur. Bu
çalışmanın temel amacı, Türkiye’de, Cumhuriyetin kuruluşundan, 2. Dünya Savaşı’nın
sonuna kadar olan süreçte uygulanan iktisadi uygulamaların başarı düzeyini
araştırmak ve iktisat politikasının dinamizmini ortaya koymak ve bunun yanında 2.
Dünya Savaşı sırasında Türkiye Ekonomisinin durumunu makro ekonomik göstergeler
çerçevesinde özetlemektir.
Türkiye ve İran’da Muhafazakâr Hükümetlerin Kadın Politikaları
Authors: GÖKALP KUTLU Ayşegül , BENİTEZ GONZALEZ Maribel
Published: June 2019

Erkek egemen tüm
hükümet sistemleri, ideolojileri ile uygun politikaları izlerken bir yandan da
kadınların kamusal hayata katılımını şekillendirmeyi hedeflemektedir. Rejimin
genel çerçevesi ile uyumlu olarak hükümetler, kadınların doğurganlığını nüfus
politikaları ile uyumlu şekilde kullanmakta, kadınların eğitim ve istihdamdaki
görünürlüğü ise rejimin dünyaya görünen yüzü olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu
nedenle hükümetler, kimlik stratejileri doğrultusunda cinsiyetlere yönelik özel
politikalar benimsemektedir. Bu çalışma, her iki ülkede de neoliberal ve muhafazakâr
bir dönüşümün yaşandığı 2003-2014 yılları arasında İran ve Türkiye'de kadınların
ulusal kimlik politikalarına katılımının karşılaştırmalı bir analizini yapmayı
amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın İran bölümü Mahmud Ahmedinejad yönetimini
(2005-2013), Türkiye bölümü ise, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan'ın başbakanlığı
dönemindeki Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AK Parti) hükümetlerini (2003-2014) ele
almaktadır. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmada ilk olarak İran’ın nüfus, eğitim ve istihdam
politikaları incelenmiş, ikinci bölümde de benzer bir inceleme Türkiye için
yapılmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde ise iki ülke bu politikalar üzerinden karşılaştırılmıştır.
Sonuçta, söz konusu dönemde her iki ülkede de temel eğitimden faydalanan
kadınların sayısında bir artış olmasına rağmen nüfus ve istihdam alanlarında kadınları
aile içinde tanımlayan politikalar izlendiği bulunmuştur.
Çay İşletmelerinde Değer Zinciri Faaliyetlerinin Üretim Maliyetlerine Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: SAVCI Mustafa , HAFTACI Vasfi
Published: June 2019

Çay
işletmelerinde değer zinciri faaliyetleri girdi olarak çay yaprağının kuru çay
olarak çıktıya dönüştürülmesi sürecindeki faaliyetlerdir. Bu faaliyetlerle yaş
çay yaprağı her aşamada değer katılmak suretiyle kuru çay haline getirilir ve
müşteri beğenisine sunulur. Bu çalışmada kuru çay üretimindeki değer zinciri
faaliyetlerinin üretim maliyetlerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Değerlendirme yapılırken yaş çay yaprağının tedarik edilmesinden kuru çay
olarak üretilmesine kadar olan süreçte üretim maliyetlerine etki eden faaliyetler
gözlenmiştir. Bu gözlem sonucunda çay işletmelerinde değer zinciri
faaliyetlerinin üretim maliyetlerine olumlu etkisi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
24 Haziran 2018 Cumhurbaşkanlığı Seçimlerinin Siyasal Değerler Açısından Analizi
Authors: YILMAZ Mustafa , KARAKAŞ Onur
Published: June 2019

İnsanların yaşamlarında kılavuz görevi
gören amaçlar ve ilkeler çerçevesinde arzu duyulan bilişsel unsurlardır
değerler. Bu yönüyle tercihlerimizdeki belirleyicilerden olan değerlere hitap
eden siyasetin, siyasal tercihlerimize de etkide bulunduğu söylenebilmektedir.
Bilim insanları değerleri, siyasi ideolojilerin temel ilkeleri ve ana
prensipleri olarak görmekte ve değerlerin, siyasi meselelere yönelik karar
vermede, siyasi kararları saptamada ve meşru kılmada ve ayrıca siyaset hakkında
belli bir tartışma iklimi yaratmada kullanıldığını ifade etmektedirler. Dolayısıyla değerlerin, siyasetle ve
siyasi tercihlerle olan ilişkisini analiz etmek önem taşımaktadır. Buradan yola
çıkarak Türkiye siyasi tarihi açısından önemli bir kırılma anı olan 24 Haziran
2018 Cumhurbaşkanlığı Seçimleri çalışmanın konusu olarak belirlenmiştir. 24
Haziran 2018 Cumhurbaşkanlığı sistemi seçimleri, 1921 yılından günümüze devam
eden parlamenter sistemi değiştirerek yerine partili cumhurbaşkanlığına dayalı
bir sistem getiren bir seçim olması nedeniyle önem taşımaktadır. Bu araştırmada,
24 Haziran 2018 Cumhurbaşkanlığı seçimlerinde yer alan adaylarının Twitter
üzerindeki söylemleri Schwartz’ın Değerler Kuramı çerçevesinde analiz
edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada siyasal iletişim çalışmalarının yoğunlaştığı,
seçim öncesindeki 1 aylık dönem dikkate alınmıştır ve adayların 23 Mayıs 2018-
23 Haziran 2018 tarihleri arasındaki tweetleri resmi Twitter hesapları
üzerinden arşivlenerek incelenmiştir. Araştırmada yöntem olarak nitel içerik
analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Cumhurbaşkanı adaylarının Twitter üzerindeki
söylemleri değerler açısından incelenerek, seçmenin beklentilerine karşılık
vermek amacıyla söylemlerinde hangi değerlere öncelikle atıf yaptıkları tespit
edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada, siyasal aktörlerin söylemlerinde öne çıkan
değerler ve seçimleri kazanan ve kaybeden aktörlerin söylemlerinde değersel
anlamda farklılıklar olup olmadığı ortaya konulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular
analiz edildiğinde 24 Haziran 2018 Cumhurbaşkanlığı seçimlerini kazanan Recep
Tayyip Erdoğan’ın en fazla atıf yaptığı değerlerin; “kendi amaçlarını belirleme”,
“başarılı olmak”, “sorumluluk sahibi olmak ve sosyal güç” değerleri olduğu
saptanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda 24 Haziran 2018 seçimlerinde
“başarılı olmak”, “kendi amaçlarını belirlemek”, “sorumluluk sahibi olmak”,
“zenginlik”, “dürüstlük”,  “özgürlük”,
“ulusal güvenlik” ve “sosyal güç” değerlerinin adayların söylemlerinde ön plana
çıktığı görülmektedir.
Döviz Kurları ve Değerli Madenlerin Portföy Sürecine Dâhil Edilmesinin Optimizasyon Sonuçları Üzerine Etkisi: Bulanık Doğrusal Programlama ile Bir Uygulama
Authors: AKDAĞ Saffet
Published: June 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, döviz
kurlarının ve değerli madenlerin portföy optimizasyon sürecine dâhil
edilmesinin, portföy optimizasyonu sonuçları üzerindeki etkilerini test
etmektir. Çalışmada BİST sektör endeksleri ile dolar ve euro kuru, altın ve gümüş
madenlerinin 1 Ocak 2017 ile 31 Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında günlük verileri
ile portföy optimizasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sadece sektör endeksleri ile
gerçekleştirilen optimizasyon sonucunda optimal portföyün beklenen günlük
getirisi %0,17 iken portföyün riski %0,4 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Döviz
kurlarının ve değerli madenlerin optimizasyon sürecine dâhil edilmesi ile
gerçekleştirilen portföy optimizasyonu sonucunda portföyün beklenen günlük
getirisi %0,19 iken portföyün riski %0,37 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu
sonuçlara göre portföy optimizasyon süreçlerine döviz kurlarının ve değerli
madenlerin ilave edilmesinin portföyün beklenen getirisini artırırken, riskini azalttığı
tespit edilmiştir.
Enerji Maliyetinin Ürün Fiyatlandırma Kararları Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: BADEM Ahmet Cemkut , KARATAŞ Yakup
Published: June 2019

Üretim maliyetlerinin doğru hesaplanması mamullerin fiyatlarının belirlenmesinde son derece önemlidir. Günümüz üretim hatlarının önemli bir maliyet unsuru olarak enerji maliyetlerinin etkin bir şekilde yönetilmesi gerekmektedir. İşletmeler, enerji kaynak kullanımının takibi devamlı yapılmalı, enerji kaynak kullanımlarına en az hammadde kullanımları kadar değer vermelidir.  Enerji muhasebesi,enerji kaynağı tedarik ve kullanım maliyetlerini azaltmada, işletme bütçelerinin yapılmasında işletme yönetimlerine yardımcı olur. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde fiyat kararları ve enerji maliyetleri üzerinde durulmuş, ikinci bölümünde ise üretim başına düşen enerji maliyetinin otomatik takibi ve hesaplanması: kimya üretim tesisi örneği ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Memória e imaginação em O risco do bordado, de Autran Dourado
Authors: Da Cunha Tainara Quintana
Published: June 2019

Este ensaio origina-se na leitura do romance O risco do bordado (1970), de Autran Dourado (1926-2012). Na interpretação do texto, destacam-se a memória e a imaginação como tecelãs das lembranças da personagem protagonista João, na qualidade de escritor de si. A primeira parte consiste numa apresentação do autor e da obra identificada com traços do Modernismo, bem como num mapeamento das características recorrentes na literatura autraniana. A segunda e a terceira partes são dedicadas à análise dos desdobramentos da memória e da imaginação em O risco do bordado, tendo como referência a teoria do pesquisador francês Paul Ricœur, acerca das duas categorias. Na quarta parte, demonstra-se que o narrador personagem João mistura as memórias do passado com os fatos imaginados na infância pelo menino que volta à cidade natal de Duas Pontes. O percurso revela um ideário de sonhos, de acontecimentos pretéritos atravessados pela composição familiar e pelas demais personagens reavivadas ora pela memória, ora pela imaginação daquele que narra.
DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL MECHANISMS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE FIELD OF CIVIL PROTECTION
Authors: Poteryayko S. , Barylo O. , Pereverzin Yu.
Published: June 2019

In the scientific article raised questions about the problem of insufficient efficacy measures of organization management during emergency situations and ensuring of rescue operations, due to imperfect functioning legal and organizational mechanisms of state control in the field of civil protection.

A more precise definition of the concept of "civil protection" is proposed, which includes the question of responding to emergencies.

The necessity to improve the legal and organizational mechanisms of governance by making amendments to the provisions of the law of Ukraine on the order of appointment of the work of the emergency response and education of staff and include management of the unified state civil defense system, of redistribution of tasks and responsibilities of executive power and local self-government.
Multiple Fano resonances with flexible tunablity based on symmetry-breaking resonators
Authors: Ren Xiao bin , Ren Kun , Zhang Ying , Ming Cheng guo , Han Qun
Published: June 2019

A symmetry-breaking nanostructure is proposed to achieve multiple Fano resonances. The nanostructure consists of an asymmetric ring resonator coupled to a plasmonic waveguide. The broken symmetry is introduced by deviating the centers of regular ring. New resonant modes those are not accessible to regular symmetric ring cavity are excited. Thus one asymmetric cavity can provide more than one resonant mode with the same mode order. As a result, the interval of Fano resonances is greatly reduced. By combining different rings with different asymmetric, multiple Fano resonances are generated. Those Fano resonances have different dependence on structural parameters due to their different physical origin. The resonance frequency and resonance peak number can be arbitrarily adjusted by changing the degree of asymmetry. This research may provide new opportunities to design on-chip optical devices with great tuning performance.
The impact of crystal size and temperature on the adsorption-induced flexibility of the Zr-based metal-organic framework DUT-98
Authors: Krause Simon , Bon Volodymyr , Du Hongchu , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal E , Stoeck Ulrich , Senkovska Irena , Kaskel Stefan
Published: June 2019

In this contribution we analyse the influence of adsorption cycling, crystal size, and temperature on the switching behaviour of the flexible Zr-based metal-organic framework DUT-98. We observe a shift in the gate opening pressure upon cycling of adsorption experiments of micro meter-sized crystals and assign this to a fragmentation of the crystals. In a series of modulated syntheses we downsize the average crystal size of DUT-98 crystals from 120 µm to 50 nm and characterize the obtained solids by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. We analyse the adsorption behaviour by nitrogen and water adsorption at 77 K and 298 K, respectively and show that adsorption-induced flexibility is only observed for micro meter-sized crystals. Nanometer-sized crystals were found to exhibit reversible type I adsorption behaviour upon adsorption of nitrogen and exhibit a crystal-size dependent steep water uptake of up to 20 mmol g-1 at 0.5 p/p
0 with potential for water harvesting and heat pump applications. We furthermore investigate the temperature-induced structural transition by in situ PXRD. At temperatures beyond 110 °C the open pore state of nano meter-sized DUT-98 crystals are found to irreversibly transform in a closed pore state. The connection of crystal fragmentation upon adsorption cycling and the crystal size-dependence of the adsorption-induced flexibility is an important finding for evaluation of these materials in future adsorption-based applications. This work thus extends the limited amount of studies on crystal size effects in flexible MOFs and hopefully motivates further investigations into this field.
Modeling Mg ii h, k and Triplet Lines at Solar Flare Ribbons
Authors: Zhu Yingjie , Kowalski Adam F. , Tian Hui , Uitenbroek Han , Carlsson Mats , Allred Joel C.
Published: June 2019

Observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph often reveal significantly broadened and non-reversed profiles of the Mg ii h, k and triplet lines at flare ribbons. To understand the formation of these optically thick Mg ii lines, we perform plane-parallel radiative hydrodynamics modeling with the RADYN code, and then recalculate the Mg ii line profiles from RADYN atmosphere snapshots using the radiative transfer code RH. We find that the current RH code significantly underestimates the Mg ii h and k Stark widths. By implementing semiclassical perturbation approximation results of quadratic Stark broadening from the STARK-B database in the RH code, the Stark broadenings are found to be one order of magnitude larger than those calculated from the current RH code. However, the improved Stark widths are still too small, and another factor of 30 has to be multiplied to reproduce the significantly broadened lines and adjacent continuum seen in observations. Nonthermal electrons, magnetic fields, three-dimensional effects, or electron density effects may account for this factor. Without modifying the RADYN atmosphere, we have also reproduced non-reversed Mg ii h and k profiles, which appear when the electron beam energy flux is decreasing. These profiles are formed at an electron density of ∼8 × 1014 cm−3 and a temperature of ∼1.4 × 104 K, where the source function slightly deviates from the Planck function. Our investigation also demonstrates that at flare ribbons the triplet lines are formed in the upper chromosphere, close to the formation heights of the h and k lines.
Extreme Primordial Star Formation Enabled by High-redshift Quasars
Authors: Johnson Jarrett L. , Aykutalp Aycin
Published: June 2019

High-redshift quasars emit copious X-ray photons that heat the intergalactic medium to temperatures up to ∼106 K. At such high temperatures the primordial gas will not form stars until it is assembled into dark matter halos with masses of up to ∼1011
M
⊙, at which point the hot gas collapses and cools under the influence of gravity. Once this occurs, there is a massive reservoir of primordial gas from which stars can form, potentially setting the stage for the brightest Population (Pop) III starbursts in the early universe. Supporting this scenario, recent observations of quasars at z ∼ 6 have revealed a lack of accompanying Lyα emitting galaxies, consistent with suppression of primordial star formation in halos with masses below ∼1010
M
⊙. Here we model the chemical and thermal evolution of the primordial gas as it collapses into such a massive halo irradiated by a nearby quasar in the run-up to a massive Pop III starburst. We find that, within ∼100 kpc of the highest-redshift quasars discovered to date, the Lyman–Werner flux produced in the quasar host galaxy may be high enough to stimulate the formation of a direct collapse black hole (DCBH). A survey with single pointings of the NIRCam instrument at individually known high-z quasars may be a promising strategy for finding Pop III stars and DCBHs with the James Webb Space Telescope.
Biota of coastal wetlands of Praia da Vitória (Terceira Island, Azores): Part 2 - Bryophytes
Authors: Gabriel Rosalina , Pimentel César , Claro David , Brito Mariana , Díaz-Castillo Javier , Sérgio Cecília , Sim-Sim Manuela , Borges Paulo
Published: June 2019

During the LIFE-CWR project "Ecological Restoration and Conservation ofPraia da VitóriaCoastal Wet Green Infrastructures", there was the opportunity to undertake a systematic record of bryophytes atPaul da Praia da Vitória(PPV),Paul do Belo Jardim(PBJ) andPaul da Pedreira do Cabo da Praia(PPCP), three coastal wetland areas ofPraia da Vitória(Terceira, Azores, Portugal). The objective of the study was to perform a biodiversity assessment, comparing the three sites at two different moments, before and after the implementation of several conservation measures. This project also contributed to improve the knowledge of Azorean bryophyte diversity at both local and regional scales, including the recording of two new taxa for the Azores and three new taxa for Terceira Island.

This paper reports the results of the first extensive survey of bryophyes of the three coastal wetland areas ofPraia da Vitória(Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal). The identification of a total of 504 samples, 240 collected in 2013 and 2016 (before the LIFE-CWR intervention) and 265 in 2017 and 2018 (after the intervention), resulted in a list of 58 species of bryophytes (one hornwort, eight liverworts and 48 mosses). These include two new records for the Azores (Bryumklinggraeffii,Ptychostomumbornholmense), three new records for Terceira Island (Bryumtenuisetum,Dicranellahowei,Trichostomumcrispulum) and at least 15 new records for the municipality of Praia da Vitória (e.g.,Cephaloziellahampeana). Some species that had not been recorded on the island since 1937 (e.g.,Fissidenscrispus) were collected during this study, as well as a Macaronesian endemic liverwort (Radulawichurae), an Iberian-Macaronesian liverwort (Frullaniaazorica) and a moss species with European distribution (Ptychomitriumnigrescens). From the recorded species, only one moss (Leptophascumleptophyllum), of subtropical origin, is considered invasive in Europe.
Apollon, Orphée et les dauphins. Deux visages du masculin
Authors: Colonna Marie-Laure
Published: June 2019

Apollon et Orphée ont tous deux le dauphin comme animal-totem. Le nom de celui-ci, en grec delphis, se prononce comme le mot « utérus » et comme Delphes, le temple qui abrite l’oracle d’Apollon. Dans la mythologie grecque, le dauphin est le symbole du lien entre les hauteurs de l’Olympe et les profondeurs de l’Hadès. Apollon, le musicien, est un dieu-animus, tout en force et en éclat, mais fragile sur le plan du sentiment et malheureux en amour. Orphée, le visionnaire, est un dieu-anima ; ses chants inspirés font pleurer jusqu’aux pierres, mais il n’aura pas le courage de ramener son Eurydice vers la vie. Deux visages du masculin qui nous habitent encore aujourd’hui.
Emprise spatiale et stratégies urbaines des couvents de la Réforme catholique dans une ville moyenne à l’époque moderne : l’exemple d’Agen
Authors: Descazeaux Stéphane
Published: June 2019

Agen est durant l’époque moderne une ville de rang intermédiaire emblématique des villes moyennes du royaume. À l’instar de nombreuses autres cités, Agen connaît de multiples créations de couvents à partir de la fin du XVI e  siècle dans le cadre de la Réforme catholique. La présence dans le tissu urbain de ces nouveaux établissements religieux est étudiée aussi bien dans son impact visuel qu’en termes de superficie globale occupée. Cette emprise spatiale est le résultat de stratégies conscientes que les autorités conventuelles élaborèrent à partir de différents types d’opérations immobilières. L’utilisation ou non de ces opérations sont fonction de facteurs multiples mais, dans tous les cas, elle révèle plusieurs niveaux de stratégie qu’il convient de déterminer. Enfin, cette emprise urbaine pose la question des modes d’organisation de l’espace urbain par les couvents de la Réforme catholique, qui peuvent aboutir à une conventualisation de l’espace urbain.
Les monarques britanniques et les arts du début du XVII e au début du XIX e siècle
Authors: Poussou Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2019

Les rapports entre les monarques britanniques des xvii e et xviii e siècles et les arts restent largement ignorés par l’historiographie française. Or, depuis une trentaine d’années, les études se sont multipliées en Angleterre. Le but du présent article est d’en faire connaître les principales avancées. Pour cela, une démarche diachronique a été adoptée : elle fait le point pour chaque souverain ou reine consort. Elle met en valeur le changement amené par l’avènement des Stuarts, qui savaient l’importance que pouvaient représenter les arts pour une monarchie et qui s’y intéressaient réellement. On leur doit la création des collections royales, avant tout de peintures. Au xviii e siècle, deux reines consorts, Caroline d’Ansbach et Charlotte de Mecklembourg-Strelitz, pratiquent un mécénat qui a pour but d’ancrer la dynastie de Hanovre dans son nouveau royaume. Pour sa part, George III patronne la Royal Academy of Arts cependant que George IV va plus loin en soutenant directement l’activité artistique, voire en travaillant avec les architectes. Ainsi sont mis en valeur des aspects trop longtemps méconnus de l’histoire britannique, de la personnalité et du rôle des souverains et reines consorts qui se sont succédé aux xvii e et xviii e siècles.
Le métier de manager en transformation : une démarche prospective
Authors: de Ridder Marine , Taskin Laurent , Ajzen Michel , Antoine Marie , Jacquemin Chloé
Published: June 2019

Proposant d’actualiser la caractérisation traditionnelle du métier de manager en rôles et activités, cet article décrit le métier de manager aujourd’hui au travers d’une grille de compétences et emprunte une démarche prospective permettant de proposer un scénario d’évolution du métier de manager pour le futur. Nous montrons que ce métier sera soumis à trois champs de tensions particuliers : en matière de responsabilité de la décision, en particulier, de combinaison d’une expertise gestionnaire et technique, de gestion des individualités et de fédération d’un collectif.
Quel sens donner à la RSE dans un contexte africain ? L’exemple des très petites entreprises au Sénégal
Authors: Diop Sall Fatou , Boidin Bruno
Published: June 2019

Cette recherche s’interroge sur la notion de responsabilité sociale d’entreprise (RSE) et ses spécificités au regard des terrains du Sud. En effet, les travaux soulignent qu’il est nécessaire d’adapter une RSE aux différents contextes politiques, économiques et socio-culturels car ces derniers véhiculent des représentations différentes des entreprises et de leur rôle dans la société. Dans cette perspective, notre objectif est d’identifier les significations données à la RSE dans le cas des très petites entreprises (TPE) et de leurs parties prenantes (PP) au Sénégal où de nombreuses actions sont présentées comme socialement responsables. Les résultats mettent en évidence quatre catégories de significations données à la RSE et montrent que la RSE des TPE s’inscrit dans un contexte où le rôle de l’Etat est déterminant dans les actions des entreprises. Les actions sociales réalisées sont effectuées par l’entrepreneur plutôt que l’entreprise. La notion de RSE doit être adaptée pour tenir compte de ces spécificités.
Déterminants de la satisfaction des clients des entreprises de téléphonie mobile en Afrique
Authors: Sogbossi Bocco Bertrand , Imorou Abdou Kadiri
Published: June 2019

S’il est vrai que l’usage de la téléphonie mobile contribue au développement économique et transforme en profondeur les économies et les sociétés africaines, il est à noter que les pays africains sont majoritairement en retard dans le domaine de l’investissement en technologie. Afin de mieux contribuer à l’amélioration de la qualité des services des entreprises de téléphonie mobile, cette recherche s’est focalisée sur la détermination des modes de contribution des éléments de ces services à la satisfaction globale des clients africains. Réalisés à partir du modèle « tétraclasse », les résultats de cette recherche montrent que l’évaluation de la satisfaction des clients en Afrique se base sur l’oralité et que le collectivisme est la source de cette satisfaction. Les résultats montrent également que les éléments des services de téléphonie mobile n’établissent pas seulement des relations linéaires avec la satisfaction, mais également des relations non linéaires avec elle.
Un épisode méconnu de la Guerre froide
Authors: Georgi Frank
Published: June 2019

Au début des années 1950, les socialistes français, comme d’autres partis socialistes et sociaux-démocrates européens, nouent des relations avec les communistes yougoslaves, pourtant très éloignés de leur culture politique. Ils entament avec eux un étonnant dialogue doctrinal et observent avec le plus grand intérêt l’expérience d’autogestion ouvrière qui s’engage à ce moment au pays de Tito. Ces socialistes SFIO (Section française de l’Internationale ouvrière), si peu novateurs dans leur propre approche des questions économiques et sociales, se sont révélés d’efficaces et précoces artisans de l’émergence d’un mythe yougoslave en France. Ils ont ainsi, paradoxalement, pris leur part dans l’acclimatation de ces idées autogestionnaires qui, à la faveur de Mai 68, ont voulu balayer le socialisme parlementaire traditionnel qu’ils incarnaient aux yeux de la « nouvelle gauche ». Archives et sources imprimées permettent de reconstituer cet épisode méconnu de la Guerre froide.
From the Cold War to the Kosovo War
Authors: Unkovski-Korica Vladimir
Published: June 2019

Cet article retrace les différentes approches de la politique étrangère au sein du Parti travailliste (PT) à travers le prisme de sa relation à long terme avec la Yougoslavie, au-delà de la vision caricaturale de la politique du PT et de la Grande-Bretagne comme simples forces de statu quo dans les Balkans. Reposant aussi bien sur des documents d’archives yougoslaves que sur des sources secondaires et sur la presse britannique, l’article montre que l’atlantisme était l’approche dominante dans le PT, du début de la guerre froide jusqu’à la reconfiguration des relations internationales qui a suivi la guerre froide. Les racines de cette orientation se trouvent dans la nature double du PT, à la fois classe dirigeante et parti ouvrier, qui l’a finalement lié aux intérêts géopolitiques de l’État britannique, mais a aussi poussé dans le sens d’une politique étrangère socialiste. Ainsi, pour la Yougoslavie, le PT a pu apparaître comme un interlocuteur privilégié à l’Ouest à une période de refroidissement des relations avec l’URSS, mais aussi comme un allié potentiel dans la lutte pour une politique étrangère indépendante, malgré une dépendance économique à l’Ouest. Néanmoins, les priorités du PT ont changé à la fin de la guerre froide, l’aile atlantiste ayant rapidement adopté une ligne pro-interventionniste en Yougoslavie, dans le sillage des États-Unis. La gauche, qui était auparavant réservée sur la tolérance de la Yougoslavie vis-à-vis de l’URSS, devint la championne des arguments anti-interventionnistes. L’article montre que si les deux côtés avaient eu des liens directs et des expériences en Yougoslavie, les alignements de l’après-guerre froide ont été déterminés par une interprétation locale des affaires internationales.
La Yougoslavie comme « l’autre-fantôme »
Authors: Stojanović Dubravka , Madelain Anne
Published: June 2019

Vingt ans après la fin des conflits qui ont accompagné l’éclatement de la Yougoslavie, cet État commun reste une donnée importante sinon décisive du passé pour définir le présent dans les anciennes républiques fédérées. La Yougoslavie est un « autre » idéal, par rapport auquel il est aisé de construire l’identité des États contemporains qui en sont issus. L’étude de son image telle qu’elle est produite par les systèmes éducatifs des différents États successeurs permet une analyse particulièrement révélatrice, tant ce domaine relève encore aujourd’hui, dans une large mesure, du contrôle étatique. Nous distinguons trois dimensions principales : la façon dont la relation à la Yougoslavie sert à construire l’identité nationale actuelle ; le rôle de cet État dans la construction de la légitimité des États actuels et les usages de l’histoire yougoslave dans l’explication des conflits des années 1990. Enfin, nous présentons un récent projet d’histoire partagée dans lequel une soixantaine d’historiens issus des pays balkaniques offrent une approche multi-perspectiviste et comparative de la période, dans le but de tenter de dépasser les interprétations existantes.
La fin de la Yougoslavie dans l’histoire scolaire française
Authors: Madelain Anne
Published: June 2019

À partir d’un examen des programmes et manuels d’histoire-géographie en vigueur dans les lycées français depuis les années 2000, des contextes d’enseignement et des débats au sein de la communauté scolaire et dans l’espace public, cet article vise à éclairer les usages publics de l’histoire de l’Europe à partir du cas yougoslave. En examinant les récurrences et a contrario les ellipses dans l’évolution des références à la Yougoslavie, en particulier au sein des problématiques de l’Europe, du communisme et des conflits du xx e siècle, il est possible de documenter les liens – interactions, dépendances, influences, passages – entre fabrique de l’histoire scolaire, circulation des références et construction des savoirs, au regard des débats sur le rôle traditionnel en France de l’histoire-géographie dans la formation du citoyen et de la nation. Cet article entend questionner les enjeux mémoriels et historiographiques touchant la Yougoslavie socialiste dans une perspective transnationale en offrant la possibilité de comparer des évolutions concernant les usages publics de l’histoire de l’Europe.
Relevance of American Diasporas for the Post-Soviet Economic Recovery and Growth of Their Homelands
Authors: Norkus Zenonas , Ambrulevičiūtė Aelita , Morkevičius Vaidas
Published: June 2019

Cet article compare les performances de croissance économique post-soviétique (1990-2014) des anciennes républiques soviétiques avec celles de la fin de la période soviétique (1969-1990). Les gagnants de la dissolution de l’URSS ont connu une accélération de leur croissance. Cela a été le cas de l’Arménie contre toute attente, mais pas de la Lituanie. Son importante diaspora a été considérée comme l’avantage décisif de l’Arménie. Pourtant, en 1990, la diaspora lituanienne américaine était beaucoup plus importante. Mais la diaspora arménienne américaine a été mobilisée par la guerre du Nagorno-Karabakh, tandis que la transition pacifique en Lituanie n’a pas mobilisé les Lituaniens américains, contrairement à ce qui s’était passé à l’époque de la guerre d’indépendance lituanienne en 1918-1920.
Le Tribunal d’opinion de Tokyo pour les femmes de réconfort (2000) : du silence à la (re)connaissance
Authors: Montavon Camille
Published: June 2019

Durant la Seconde guerre mondiale, des milliers de femmes asiatiques sont victimes d’un système d’esclavage sexuel orchestré par l’Armée japonaise. Ignorés lors du procès de Tokyo de 1946, niés par l’État responsable, ces crimes tombent dans l’oubli. Face à cette situation d’impunité persistante, le Tribunal d’opinion de Tokyo est mis sur pied par des ONG, en 2000, afin de traiter juridiquement, dénoncer et publiciser ces violations massives des droits humains, ainsi qu’en reconnaître les victimes. S’inscrivant dans la tradition du Tribunal Russell de 1967, il est l’un des nombreux tribunaux d’opinion établis par la société civile en vue de pallier les failles de la justice pénale internationale. Or, si ces dispositifs présentent de nombreux intérêts, ils se voient opposer d’importantes critiques, qui toutes convergent vers celle de leur illégitimité. En effet, constitués par des personnes privées, les tribunaux d’opinion défient le monopole juridictionnel de l’État et interrogent : la justice peut-elle être rendue par les peuples ? Cet article vise à enrichir la réflexion entourant cette problématique, à la lumière de l’expérience du Tribunal d’opinion de Tokyo. Il en étudie les fondements, objectifs et principaux apports, avant de le confronter aux critiques communément adressées à ces tribunaux de la société civile, dont l’existence questionne les notions mêmes de justice, d’impunité et de souveraineté