bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Policymaker’s Epilogue
Authors: Steadman Leanne Erdberg
Published: November 2024

Writing from the policymaker side of the “gap,” Leanne Erdberg Steadman, a former US government policymaker and national security staffer, reflects on the scholars’ engagement case studies and draws from them to offer her own recommendations. She sheds light on the various players and steps involved in complex policymaking processes—some of which scholars may be unaware of. She shows how it is crucial for policy-engaged scholars to gain an understanding of the policy process, including how policymakers are likely to misuse or misinterpret academic findings. Such an understanding can help scholars in both effectively sharing their findings and treading cautiously, given the possible diverging incentives and preferences that some policymakers may hold for how research should inform decision-making. Erdberg Steadman’s analysis does not stop with academics, however. She also places some of the burden for responsible engagement on policymakers such as herself. She directs additional suggestions to policymakers for how they can play more proactive and responsible roles in their own efforts to bridge the academic–policy gap.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Scientific Inquiry
Authors: Herdliska Anna , Zhai Xiaoming
Published: November 2024

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has ushered in transformative shifts in various sectors, with science education emerging as a pivotal domain of its influence. This study delves into the integration of AI within science education, examining its impact on student engagement and understanding. Through a nuanced exploration of three distinct student archetypes—pragmatic innovators, foundational explorers, and holistic visionaries—the research offers insights into diverse learning trajectories in the context of AI. The findings underscore the need for adaptive pedagogical strategies that resonate with the multifaceted learning needs of students in an AI-centric world. By proposing AI-based scientific inquiry, this study not only highlights the transformative potential of AI in reshaping science education but also charts a visionary path forward. This research serves as a seminal contribution to the academic discourse, setting the stage for a new era in science education that is both responsive and forward-thinking.
Mediatizing the Nation, Ordering the World
Authors: Dougall Andrew
Published: November 2024

This book offers a timely and engaging account of how technologies of communication media impact nationalist challenges to global order—shedding new light on how they matter, how they have changed, and how their evolution transforms the conditions of possibility for nationalist order challengers. In the twenty-first century, we have become accustomed to close entanglements between resurgent nationalism and digital media. In Mediatizing the Nation, Ordering the World, Andrew Dougall shows that the relationship between media and nationalist order contestation is far older. Comparing Trump’s breakthrough in the twenty-first-century United States with a similar—but unsuccessful—movement in nineteenth-century Britain, the book argues that communication media shaped these episodes by differently patterning the constitution and distribution of meaning on which they relied. Underpinning this argument is a novel theorization of media in world politics, drawing on insights from media and communications scholarship, in addition to International Relations (IR). Among the book’s key contributions are to explain how media affect vertical challenges to the structure of international orders; to reframe IR’s theoretical engagement with the relationship between media and order; and to situate the internet within a longer history of this relationship, contributing to a more balanced view of its impact.
Dictators’ Endgames during the Third Wave of Democratization
Authors: Croissant Aurel , Eschenauer-Engler Tanja , Kuehn David
Published: November 2024

This chapter includes comparative and case study analyses of twenty-one dictators’ endgames during the “Third Wave of Democratization,” spanning from the Iranian “Islamic Revolution” in 1979 to the 1998 mass protests in Indonesia. Eight instances saw militaries violently suppressing protests, mainly because military leaders benefitted politically and economically from the persistence of the incumbent regime. Loyalty shifts occurred in eleven cases where military elites did not have access to extensive material and political privileges and were not tied to the dictator’s political survival through promotions based on ascriptive criteria. In Sudan 1985 and Haiti 1986, endgames resulted in military coups against incumbent dictators. In both cases, autocrats had politically and materially marginalized their militaries which could rely on the organizational expertise of previous intervention into politics as well as the support of protesters who welcomed the generals’ toppling of long-sitting kleptocratic dictators.
The Dualism of Motive in Kant
Authors: Strawson P. F. , Dancy Jonathan
Published: November 2024

Lecture 6 starts with a summary of results so far. Prominent among these is that the idea of ‘ought’ is present in the idea of the good as in that of the right. And there are two radically opposed types of motivation involved in ethics. The duty-motive (the desire to do what is right) and the goodness-motive (the desire to do what is good). Strawson discusses Kant on the desire to do what is right as such: if one’s motive is just that this is one’s duty, what sort of desire is that? Two questions arise: (1) How do we know what duty commands? (2) How is duty possible as a motive? Kant’s answer to (1) is that duty commands it if our reason for doing it is such that we could desire it to be a universal law of action for everyone. Respect for law is introduced as a new form of desire.
Moral Development
Authors: Strawson P. F. , Dancy Jonathan
Published: November 2024

Lecture 8 addresses the herd-instinct as another possible foundation for morality. Why then suppose that it is Caritas that is opposed to the egocentric desires? Because sometimes the pressures of the herd conflict with those of morality. But what is the origin of the sense of rightness? Strawson discusses MacDougall on the instinct of parental love, and Freud on the Super-Ego.
The Genesis of Obligation
Authors: Strawson P. F. , Dancy Jonathan
Published: November 2024

Lecture 9 addresses the selfish will vs the loving will: can morality be grounded in this conflict? Strawson discusses a number of topics: the unselfish will as unified and consistent; Kant on respect for law contrasted with Caritas as a form of desire; the antithesis between Caritas and selfish desires; the experience of obligation; love as a motive contrasted with Kantian respect for the law; reason and principle as twin pillars of morality; and the sense of obligation, which is the product of conflict between Caritas and egocentric desires, as the fundamental fact of morality.
Thirty-Nine Years of Counting Change
Authors: Wolfinger Nicholas H. , McKeever Matthew
Published: November 2024

Chapter 6 continues our examination of National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) data using multivariate analysis. This yields two noteworthy findings. First, the years spent in single motherhood is one of the most important factors in explaining the lifetime income gap between married and unmarried mothers. Second, a causal model attenuates all income differences between divorced and never-married mothers, reducing them to factors that cannot be measured with national survey data. Chapter 6 also explores how income transfers from nonresident fathers and the government benefit needy mothers. Prior to welfare reform, never-married mothers were more likely to rely on federal transfers for the lion’s share of their income. Rates of receipt have declined since 1996, but all income transfers continue to represent a meaningful contribution to their recipients even though the dollar value of these transfers is modest.
Navigating Research in an Applied Graduate Program
Authors: Vidair Hilary B. , Gustafson Pam L. , Feindler Eva L.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this book is to help graduate students successfully navigate research in applied graduate programs (e.g., psychology, mental health, education). There is no such thing as an easy research or scholarly project like a dissertation or thesis. Students typically need help navigating their way through the nuts and bolts of identifying research interests, developing a project topic, and writing and managing a project, as well as the various relationship and academic skills necessary to successfully (and sanely) complete such a project. Using well-recognized national research competency benchmarks from the field of psychology, students are guided through a comprehensive and proactive approach from the beginning to the end of the research process. Specifically, this book addresses the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary at three stages of graduate school: becoming familiar with research and scholarly work, developing a proposal and managing a project, and finalizing a final project and beyond. Ways to critically evaluate research, conduct research in applied settings, and consider ethics and professional development are reviewed. In addition, ways to foster successful mentoring relationships and work collaboratively are emphasized throughout the book. The accompanying worksheets and tables are designed to help students think through factors to consider at each stage, plan written work and timelines, self-evaluate and improve research and writing skills, and determine steps for moving forward. Recommendations are also made for faculty teaching research courses, running applied research labs, and advising, mentoring, and/or chairing.
Skills to Develop for Beginning-Level Research Competence
Authors: Vidair Hilary B. , Gustafson Pam L. , Feindler Eva L.
Published: November 2024

Chapter 2 focuses on helping students develop the skills needed for success in their research at the beginning of applied graduate programs in psychology, mental health, and education, both interpersonally and academically. With regard to interpersonal skills, this chapter discusses when and how to collaborate with faculty, skills for becoming an excellent mentee, and how to navigate conducting research in applied settings. Tips for navigating a university’s research resources are also discussed. On the academic side, this chapter teaches skills for conducting a solid literature search, reading and critically evaluating research, outlining in preparation for writing, and welcoming and integrating feedback. It also reviews skills for navigating the institutional review board process. Self-evaluation tools are reviewed, and solutions for improving research and writing skills are provided.
Knowledge Needed for Selecting Your Final Project Topic and Developing Your Proposal
Authors: Vidair Hilary B. , Gustafson Pam L. , Feindler Eva L.
Published: November 2024

Chapter 4 discusses the knowledge needed by students in applied graduate programs in psychology, mental health, and education to write a research or scholarly proposal and complete their proposal (e.g., for a dissertation or thesis). The chapter begins with factors to consider when students select their final project topic, including their passion, project chairs and committee members, the project’s purpose and rationale, strengths and limitations of various research designs and scholarly projects, proposed methods, timeline, and fit with initial career goals. A worksheet of factors to consider is included to help students select a topic. The purpose of a proposal, as well as its key written components, is delineated. Research concepts related to writing a solid research proposal are then reviewed, including ethics, measure selection, and data analytic planning. An overview of the proposal defense or meeting is provided.
Attitudes about Research after Your Final Project and Beyond
Authors: Vidair Hilary B. , Gustafson Pam L. , Feindler Eva L.
Published: November 2024

Chapter 9 focuses on attitudes about research after completing a final research or scholarly project (e.g., a dissertation or thesis) in an applied graduate program in psychology, mental health, or education. First, the chapter describes ways to let go while staying in touch with mentors and collaborators. Second, it discusses the process of transitioning into an early career professional. Third, it describes methods and attitudes for continued lifelong learning, including engaging in continued professional development, continuing education, professional journals, self-evaluation, and self-care. It then reviews decisions about commitment and focus for the future. Examples of students’ postgraduate experiences and final thoughts are provided.
Quantitative proteomics reveals extensive lysine ubiquitination and transcription factor stability states in Arabidopsis
Authors: Song Gaoyuan , Montes Christian , Olatunji Damilola , Malik Shikha , Ji Chonghui , Clark Natalie M , Pu Yunting , Kelley Dior R , Walley Justin W
Published: November 2024

Protein activity, abundance, and stability can be regulated by post-translational modification including ubiquitination. Ubiquitination is conserved among eukaryotes and plays a central role in modulating cellular function; yet, we lack comprehensive catalogs of proteins that are modified by ubiquitin in plants. In this study, we describe an antibody-based approach to enrich ubiquitinated peptides coupled with isobaric labeling to enable quantification of up to 18-multiplexed samples. This approach identified 17,940 ubiquitinated lysine sites arising from 6,453 proteins from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) primary roots, seedlings, and rosette leaves. Gene ontology analysis indicated that ubiquitinated proteins are associated with numerous biological processes including hormone signaling, plant defense, protein homeostasis, and metabolism. We determined ubiquitinated lysine residues that directly regulate the stability of three transcription factors, CRYPTOCHROME-INTERACTING BASIC-HELIX-LOOP-HELIX 1 (CIB1), CIB1 LIKE PROTEIN 2 (CIL2), and SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY1 (STOP1) using in vivo degradation assays. Furthermore, codon mutation of CIB1 to create a K166R conversion to prevent ubiquitination, via CRISPR/Cas9-derived adenosine base editing, led to an early flowering phenotype and increased expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). These comprehensive site-level ubiquitinome profiles provide a wealth of data for future functional studies related to modulation of biological processes mediated by this post-translational modification in plants.
Bridging the gap: advancing gender equality in medical research
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Jiale , Ou-Yang Xu , Wan Mingzhong , Wang Yan , Zhang Guochao , Yi Hang
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Gender inequality in medical research persists globally, hindering scientific innovation and social equity. Despite incremental progress, women remain underrepresented in authorship, funding, and leadership roles. This review explores the extent of gender disparities, their impact, and strategies to advance equity in the field.

Methods

We conducted a narrative review of studies retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, focusing on gender disparities in authorship, research funding, leadership, and editorial representation across regions and disciplines.

Results

Women are consistently underrepresented in medical research, with disparities in publication rates, grant awards, and conference participation. Key barriers include implicit biases, structural inequities, and socio-cultural norms. Promising interventions, such as targeted funding policies and mentorship programs, show potential but require broader adoption and evaluation.

Conclusion

Addressing gender inequality in medical research demands comprehensive reforms in academic evaluation, funding systems, and institutional policies, alongside sustained efforts to challenge societal biases.
Explaining State Allocation Shares Under the Water Quality Act of 1987: Politics, Incrementalism, or Need?
Authors: Morris John C , Aistrup Joseph , Nemerever Zoe , Zhang Xiodan
Published: November 2024

What is the basis of the allocation of federal funding for wastewater treatment infrastructure? The Water Quality Act of 1987 changed the ways in which the national government helped to offset the costs of compliance with the Clean Water Act by changing the scheme to allocate grant funds to states. However, the available literature provides no clues as to how the allocations for each state were determined. Our model to predict state shares under the 1987 legislation includes policy need and population; we also include variables to represent each state’s influence in the House and Senate committees. We find that the most likely explanation for the 1987 allocation is incrementalism, although small-state representation on the Senate committee is positively correlated with higher allocation amounts. This research contributes to our understanding of federal legislative funding allocation formulae, particularly for environmental infrastructure programs.
A World of (In)difference? Social Inequalities Among Infants’ Causes of Death in Mid-nineteenth-Century Amsterdam
Authors: Muurling Sanne , Ekamper Peter
Published: November 2024

The relationship between mortality and socioeconomic status is among the most debated topics within historical demography. This article scrutinises social disparities in infant mortality and its underlying mechanisms in mid-nineteenth-century Amsterdam. We apply two methods of survival analysis (Cox proportional hazard models and Fine-Grey competing risk models) on newly digitised individual-level cause-of-death data for infants born in 1856 combined with civil certificates and population register data. Through a comparison of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, we bring to light important social differences in infants’ mortality risks; hazard ratios for congenital and birth disorders during early post-neonatal infancy were over 50 per cent lower for Amsterdam’s middle class than for unskilled workers. We argue that the social differentiation in infant mortality reflects stark intra-urban disparities in maternal health across social groups as well as a degree of medical ineffectiveness or even indifference structured along the same socioeconomic lines.
The association between hypoxic burden and the risk of cognitive impairment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Huang Xiaoyu , Zhang Zhengjiao , Lan Xiaoxin , Song Xuefeng , Dong Yanzhao , Jia Siqi , Yuan Haibo
Published: November 2024

Study Objectives

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with an increasing risk of cognitive impairment, but traditional hypoxic indicators can not accurately identify cognitive impairment. This study aimed to assess a new indicator, hypoxic burden, in cognitive impairment in OSA.

Methods

A total of 116 patients with OSA were enrolled in this study. Daytime sleepiness and cognition were assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scales and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), respectively. All participants underwent polysomnography (PSG). The hypoxic burden was derived from PSG and calculated according to a specific algorithm. All the participants were divided into two groups. Seventy-seven were OSA with mild cognitive impairment (OSA + MCI), and 39 were OSA without mild cognitive impairment (OSA-MCI). The relationship between hypoxic burden and cognitive impairment was analyzed by establishing a series of logistic regression models.

Results

Hypoxic burden was higher in OSA + MCI group compared with OSA-MCI group, while there was no significance found for the apnea-hypopnea index between the two groups. After adjusting for various confounders, patients with OSA who had a higher total hypoxic burden and rapid eye movement-hypoxic burden in the fourth quartile were found to have an increased risk of MCI compared to those in the first quartile. The adjusted ORs were 7.69 (95% CI, 1.15 to 51.55) and 8.87 (95% CI, 1.22 to 64.34), respectively. However, There was no significant association between the other traditional hypoxic parameters and cognitive function after adjusting for various confounders.

Conclusions

Compared to the conventional hypoxic parameter, a higher hypoxic burden is associated with cognition and may be an important indicator for assessing MCI in OSA.
Talking to sleepwalkers? Response to communication efforts in disorders of arousals
Authors: Idir Yannis , Lopez Régis , Barbier Amélie , Saint-Auret Sony , Morain Emmanuel , Vollhardt Raphaël , Ben Haj Kacem Inès , Le Coz Arthur , Gales Ana , Dodet Pauline , Leu-Semenescu Smaranda , Dauvilliers Yves , Arnulf Isabelle , Oudiette Delphine
Published: November 2024

Study Objectives

Disorders of arousal (DoA) are diagnosed on the basis of clinical criteria, including inappropriate or absent responsiveness to communication attempts. Surprisingly, the ability of patients to interact with others during DoA episodes has not been systematically investigated. To address this gap, we conducted three studies.

Methods

First, we used a retrospective questionnaire to assess verbal responsiveness during episodes in 61 adult patients with DoA (Study 1). Second, we used auditory stimulation during polysomnographically verified N3 sleep to trigger DoA episodes in 14 patients. We then asked questions to test the possibility of verbal interactions during the episodes (Study 2). Third, we assessed the presence and quality of conversations with a bed partner in 364 home video-recorded episodes from 19 patients (Study 3).

Results

In Study 1, most patients (81%) reported occasional conversations during parasomnia episodes. Patients’ ongoing mental content influenced both their responses to questions during episodes and their perception of the outside world (including their surroundings and the identity of their interlocutor ). In Study 2, auditory stimulation had a limited effect in inducing episodes (7/157 trials). One patient indirectly responded to our verbal prompts in a DoA episode. In Study 3, we found 37 video instances of discussion between patients and their partner.

Conclusions

Overall, our findings suggest that DoA episodes are not a uniform state but may instead encompass varying states of consciousness, characterized by different levels of responsiveness and a complex interplay between internal and external information processing. These results highlight the limitations of current diagnostic criteria for DoA.
Conundrum of Rape, Consensual Intercourse and Perjury in India
Authors: Chadha Vaibhav , Saxena Shreya , Pundhir Manya
Published: November 2024

This article critically analyses the offence of rape through the lens of deception under the ambit of false pretext of marriage by relying upon the Indian jurisprudence surrounding the same. The article will attempt to examine the central concern caused by the registration of false First Information Report (FIR) over the struggles of actual cases by projecting a balanced outlook while demarcating between rape and consensual intercourse through the backing of judicial interpretations. It will also discuss the positioning and effectiveness of perjury laws in India. Further, it will try to examine whether the consent of the prosecutrix in particular cases was obtained—based on a false pretext of marriage or a misconception of fact. It will also consider the medical factors that were relied upon by the Judges while distinguishing between the act of rape and consensual intercourse, and how does the delayed reporting of the crime by the victim results in misguiding of facts, and its impact.
Why Is the Turnover Intention in Large Institutions Higher? Perceived Organizational Support, Organizational Cultural Identity, and Turnover Intention of Chinese Social Workers
Authors: Huang Dan , Luo Yingting , Sun Zhongwei
Published: November 2024

The increasing turnover rate of social workers in China has garnered widespread concern despite limited evidence-based investigation at the organizational level. This study extracted data from a sample of 4,399 social workers and the extended job demands/control/support model to explore the effects of organization-level factors on social workers’ turnover intention. The findings indicate that larger organizational size, diminished perceived organizational support, and a weaker sense of organizational cultural identity are predictors of heightened turnover intentions among social workers. An intriguing finding was that, in contrast to workers in smaller organizations, those in larger entities did not exhibit a significant difference in terms of job demands and job control. However, they reported markedly lower levels of perceived organizational support and organizational cultural identity compared with their counterparts in smaller settings. These insights underscore the imperative for organizational managers to proactively furnish comprehensive support systems for social workers and cultivate a robust sense of organizational cultural identity, thereby mitigating the risk of turnover intentions and fostering a more stable workforce.
Unraveling the genomic landscape of piscine myocarditis virus: mutation frequencies, viral diversity and evolutionary dynamics in Atlantic salmon
Authors: Amono Racheal , Markussen Turhan , Singh Vikash K , Lund Morten , Manji Farah , Mor Sunil K , Evensen Øystein , Mikalsen Aase B
Published: November 2024

Over a decade since its discovery, piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) remains a significant pathogen in Atlantic salmon aquaculture. Despite this significant impact, the genomic landscape, evolutionary dynamics, and virulence factors of PMCV are poorly understood. This study enhances the existing PMCV sequence dataset by adding 34 genome sequences and 202 new ORF3 sequences from clinical cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) cases in Norwegian aquaculture. Phylogenetic analyses, also including sequences from the Faroe Islands and Ireland revealed that PMCV sequences are highly conserved with distinct clustering by country of origin. Still, single CMS outbreaks display multiple PMCV variants, and although some clustering was seen by case origin, occasional grouping of sequences from different cases was also apparent. Temporal data from selected cases indicated increased sequence diversity in the population. We hypothesize that multiple bottlenecks and changing infection dynamics in the host population, with transfer to naïve individuals over time, represent a continuous selection pressure on the virus populations. No clear relation was found between PMCV variants and the severity of heart pathology. However, specific non-synonymous and synonymous mutations that might impact protein function and gene expression efficiency were identified. An additional factor that may impact PMCV replication is the presence of defective viral genomes, a novel finding for viruses of the order Ghabrivirales. This study provides new insights into PMCV genomic characteristics and evolutionary dynamics, highlighting the complex interplay of genetic diversity, virulence markers, and host-pathogen interactions, underscoring the epidemiological complexity of the virus.

Keywords: piscine myocarditis virus; evolutionary dynamics; diversity; phylogeny; genomic sequencing; defective viral genomes
A single‐center clinical trial evaluating topical propranolol for preventing stress‐induced hair loss
Authors: Zhu Meidi , Zheng Binkai , Zhang Yunsong , Sun Ruishuang , Xu Xuejuan , Tian Ruiyun , Li Xinxin , Wang Gaofeng , Wang Xusheng , Liu Zhongjie
Published: November 2024

There is currently a lack of pathological research on the hair loss caused by stress, and there is no effective treatment available. It has been previously reported that stress can cause sympathetic nerve activation and release of norepinephrine, which binds to beta‐2 adrenergic receptors and causes a series of chemical reactions. Propranolol, as a beta‐2 adrenergic receptors blocker, competitively antagonizes the effects of norepinephrine. We initiated a single‐center clinical trial with a self‐controlled approach to assess the effectiveness of topical applied hydrochloride salt of propranolol solution in preventing stress‐induced hair loss in humans. A total of 20 volunteers were enrolled. 14 out of 20 volunteers experienced a significant reduction in the number of hair loss (p < .05) after using hydrochloride salt of propranolol solution. No local adverse reactions were found. This study showed hydrochloride salt of propranolol solution may alleviate stress‐induced alopecia to a certain extent, which provides clues for the development of pharmaceutical interventions for the treatment of stress‐induced alopecia.
Phosphatidylethanolamine exerts anti‐inflammatory action by regulating mitochondrial function in macrophages of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea)
Authors: Hao Tingting , Zhang Xinwen , Liu Qiangde , Zhan Rui , Tang Yuhang , Bu Xianyong , Li Weijia , Du Jianlong , Li Yueru , Mai Kangsen , Ai Qinghui
Published: November 2024

Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a ubiquitous bioactive lipid in cells, which participates in regulating many metabolic processes. Exogenous PE has been reported to play a positive regulatory role in macrophage inflammatory responses. However, the molecular mechanisms of PE in regulating macrophage inflammation are not completely understood. In the present study, transcriptomic analysis of PE‐stimulated macrophages of large yellow croaker revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly active in cellular components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which corresponded to the significant enrichment of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Consistent with this result, PE significantly increased ATP content and protein expression of NDUFB3 (mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I subunit) in macrophages. Meanwhile, transcriptomic data showed that PE treatment downregulated the transcript levels of nlrp3 and upregulated the transcript levels of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (socs3), suggesting that PE may alleviate macrophage inflammation by interfering with the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Further analysis showed that PE significantly attenuated dietary PA‐mediated macrophage inflammation via NLRP3‐Caspase‐1 in vitro and in vivo. Given that PE abundance is strongly correlated with mitochondrial function, the present study hypothesized that PE‐mediated inflammatory modulation may be attributed to the positive effects on mitochondrial function. As expected, PE significantly ameliorated PA‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species production and malondialdehyde content in macrophages, indicating that the improvement of mitochondrial function is an important mechanism involved in the positive effect of PE on PA‐induced inflammation. In conclusion, this study elucidates the critical role of mitochondrial function in PE‐mediated regulation of inflammation in macrophages, which expands the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of phospholipid metabolism on dietary fatty acid‐induced inflammation. This study may provide new intervention targets and nutritional regulation strategies for improving chronic inflammatory diseases.
Opsomyoclonus
Authors: Ferralez Haley , Cariati Vincent , Ferschke Nicole
Published: November 2024

West Nile virus is a mosquito-borne illness that usually presents as asymptomatic or with a viral syndrome, and normally is treated with supportive care or immunotherapy. However, some patients can develop neurologic symptoms of viral meningoencephalitis. This article describes a patient who developed opsomyoclonus, a rare complication of West Nile virus meningoencephalitis. She was treated with immunotherapy with no resolution of her symptoms. Symptom improvement occurred with subsequent treatment with clonazepam and dexamethasone.
Hospital readmissions reduction program penalizes safety net hospital clinicians
Authors: Kirsch Sarah , Elsir Yousra , Shelford Katie , Vail Janessa , Wildermuth Anne
Published: November 2024

Objective:

The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP), started under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, was created with the intention to improve healthcare quality and costs. However, research on disparities in healthcare demonstrates the HRRP's protocolized risk-adjustment calculations neglect social factors, which consequently harms disadvantaged patient populations and unfairly contributes to clinician and hospital penalties.

Methods:

A PRISMA literature review was conducted using PubMed and Cochrane Library to explore the inclusion of social factors such as socioeconomic status on risk-adjustment calculations, and their relation to healthcare disparities, penalties, and outcomes. Fifteen articles published in the past 10 years were reviewed.

Results:

Eleven (73%) of the 15 articles in this systematic review indicated that the HRRP potentiated healthcare disparities based on risk-adjustment calculation.

Conclusions:

This review strongly suggests modifying the HRRP risk-adjustment calculations to include social risk factors has the potential to equalize reimbursement for hospitals that serve the most vulnerable patients and reduce negative unintended consequences of the HRRP. Future studies are needed to produce more conclusive, consistent evidence on the effect of social risk factors in risk-adjustment calculations and associated outcomes and to determine how HRRP's risk-adjustment calculations can be modified to reduce disparities in healthcare.
The Giving Season
Authors: Kirton Carl A.
Published: November 2024

Technological advances have made self-care and management accessible.
U.S. Surgeon General Warns About Parental Stress
Authors: Roush Karen
Published: November 2024

Societal expectations contribute to parents' burnout.
Ethical Decision-Making at the Bedside
Authors: Stamps Deborah C.
Published: November 2024

Actions nurses can take to ensure accurate and appropriate care
Flight and Transport Nursing
Authors: Hattaway Nyssa
Published: November 2024

In unique, dynamic environments, these nurses make every second count.
Changes in Sleep Quality After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Akbal Sevim , Yildirim Meltem
Published: November 2024

Background:

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a surgical procedure to improve the quality of life of patients with osteoarthritis. However, postoperative recovery can be difficult due to sleep disturbance, such as poor sleep quality, and postsurgical pain.

Purpose:

The aim of this systematic review was to examine recent evidence regarding changes in sleep quality after TKA and to explore factors affecting the postoperative recovery process.

Methods:

This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. We screened the PubMed, Google Scholar, ScopeMed, and Science Direct databases in December 2022 using the keywords sleep, total knee replacement surgery, knee arthroplasty, and sleep disruptions for relevant articles published between 2011 and 2022. Seven studies met all inclusion criteria and were included in the final sample for analysis.

Results:

Findings revealed that sleep disturbance was common during the early stages of the TKA recovery period and may be related to pain. After three months, sleep quality improved and pain intensity decreased. Three studies found a correlation between sleep and pain; however, another three studies did not.

Conclusion:

Health professionals, including surgical nurses, should be aware of the potential impact of TKA on sleep quality and understand, assess, and manage sleep disturbance and pain to provide comprehensive care for their patients and enhance recovery.
Palliative Nursing in Home Health Care Across the Lifespan
Authors: Murali Komal Patel , Ma Chenjuan , Harrison Krista L. , Hunt Lauren J. , Rosa William E. , Boyden Jackelyn Y.
Published: November 2024

Primary palliative nursing in home health care (HHC) can be delivered to medically complex patients across the lifespan. Primary palliative nursing provides patient- and family-centered care for serious illness by alleviating the stress and symptoms of illness; coordinating care; and supporting the social, cultural, and psychological aspects of care. In this article, two case scenarios of patients in different phases of life serve as examples of primary palliative nursing in HHC. Key elements and challenges of delivering primary palliative nursing care in HHC are also highlighted.
Modest Gains in Life Expectancy but Less Time At Home For Older Adults With Kidney Failure Starting Dialysis
Authors: Rosenberg Karen
Published: November 2024

According to this study:
Comparable Results with Pelvic Yoga and Physical Conditioning in Women with Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Rosenberg Karen
Published: November 2024

According to this study:
Association Between Exposure to Antibiotics During Pregnancy or Early Infancy and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disorder, Language Disorder, and Epilepsy in Children: Population Based Cohort Study
Authors: Choi Ahhyung , Lee Hyesung , Jeon Han Eol , Lee Seo-Young , Kwon Jun Soo , Han Jung Yeol , Choe Young June , Shin Ju-Young
Published: November 2024

(Abstracted from BMJ 2024;385:e076885)

The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders is increasing, creating long-term challenges for affected children, their families, and society. Some studies suggest a link among antibiotic use, gut microbiota disturbances, and neurodevelopmental disorders, but these findings are often limited by confounding factors such as the underlying reason for antibiotic use and genetic predisposition.
Pudendal Block at the Time of Transvaginal Prolapse Repair: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Torosis Michele , Fullerton Morgan , Kaefer Daniela , Nitti Victor , Ackerman A. Lenore , Grisales Tamara
Published: November 2024

(Abstracted from Urogynecology 2024;30:706–713)

Protocols that focus on multimodal pain management, early ambulation, and decreased need for long inpatient stays after major surgery are called Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols and are typically composed of multidisciplinary interventions that are evidence-based. In urogynecologic populations, ERAS implementation has resulted in a marked increase in same-day discharges, as well as decreased intraoperative and postoperative opioid use.
“Awake” Cannulation of Patients for Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygen: An Analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry
Authors: Mohamed Amira , Saeed Omar , Fazzari Melissa , Gong Michelle , Uehara Mayuko , Forest Stephen , Carlese Anthony , Rahmanian Marjan , Alsunaid Sammar , Mansour Ali , Levitus Matthew , Orsi Deborah , Furfaro David , Ilg Annette , Manasia Anthony , Moskowitz Ari
Published: November 2024

IMPORTANCE:

“Awake” cannulation for venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), where patients remain spontaneously breathing without invasive mechanical ventilation during the cannulation procedure, may reduce lung injury from positive pressure ventilation and promote patient mobility.

OBJECTIVES:

To examine the association between “awake” cannulation for venovenous ECMO and patient outcomes.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:

Analysis of the prospectively collected by the multicenter Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry. Patients 18 years old or older who were cannulated for venovenous ECMO between 2016 and 2022 were included.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:

Propensity score matching techniques were used to examine the association between the primary exposure of “awake” cannulation and the primary outcome of hospital mortality.

RESULTS:

This study analyzed data from 28,627 patients who received venovenous ECMO, including 797 (2.8%) who underwent awake cannulation. Patients undergoing awake cannulation were older (52.2 vs. 47.8 yr), had greater prevalence of chronic lung diseases (50.6% vs. 48.9%), and ischemic heart disease (4.3% vs. 2.7%) compared with those cannulated while receiving mechanical ventilation. Hospital survival to discharge was did not differ significantly between awake and nonawake cannulation groups after propensity score matching (2.4% increased rate of survival for patients cannulated awake; 95% CI, –1.7% to 6.4%; p = 0.26).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:

In this large, multicenter study, awake cannulation for venovenous ECMO was uncommon but increasingly used over time. Survival to hospital discharge was similar to patients cannulated while on mechanical ventilation. Future research should focus on identification of patient cohorts most likely to benefit from “”awake” cannulation.
Exploring Healthcare Students’ Intention to Use Virtual Reality Simulations in China
Authors: Yuan Quan , Yang Fenghua , Fu Maoling , Liu Xueru , Chen Kaiqi , Zeng Qianwen , Liu Mengwan , Hu Cuihuan
Published: November 2024

This study aims to investigate healthcare students’ intention to use virtual reality simulations. By using the Technology Acceptance Model, the research delves into the factors influencing students’ acceptance and adoption of virtual reality simulations. Following a cross-sectional design, this article adheres to the STROBE Statement guidelines. The study included 632 undergraduate healthcare students from three universities in China. Data were collected through online questionnaires administered at three comprehensive universities in China between June 19, 2023, and January 15, 2024. Self-reported measurements were used, and hypotheses were analyzed using Amos software to construct a structural equation model. The study reveals positive correlations, indicating that habits are positively associated with perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Furthermore, system quality is positively correlated with perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Notably, perceived ease of use positively influences perceived usefulness, and both perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are positively linked to intention to use. The findings suggest that educational institutions and educators should prioritize students’ habits, platform system quality, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use to enhance healthcare students’ intention to engage with virtual reality simulations.
The Effect of the Flipped Classroom in a Nursing Informatics Course on Nursing Students’ Knowledge and Readiness Levels, System Usability
Authors: Demir Avcı Yasemin , Özel Deniz , Özer Zeynep
Published: November 2024

The flipped classroom method to be used in the nursing informatics course can increase nursing students’ engagement and learning outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of flipped classroom education on nursing students’ readiness for the flipped classroom model of education, as well as the usability of the flipped classroom and how this model impacts the level of students’ knowledge in a nurse informatics course. The nursing students received 6 weeks of classic education and 6 weeks of flipped classroom education in the nursing informatics course. A personal information form, the System Usability Scale, and the Flipped Learning Readiness Scale were used. The study was conducted with 84 students; the students were at an average age of 21.26 years with an average background of 7 years of using technology. An increase in the students’ technology self-efficacy and readiness was observed after the implementation of the flipped classrooms. Students who received flipped classroom education rated system usability and technology self-efficacy more positively. The students’ engagement in the course had a positive effect on their readiness scores. It was discovered that the factors influencing student achievement include motivation, engagement in the course, and home Internet connection. Flipped classrooms can be used to increase students’ ability to use technology both in courses and in hospital clinics.
Applying a Critical Review of an Online Platform for Nurse Practitioner Regulatory Assessment Using a Human Factors Approach
Authors: Tuden Danica , Wainwright Alison , Sharma Aditya
Published: November 2024

Using human factors approaches such as usability and usefulness in the evaluation of computerized information systems is key to the successful adoption for end users. Usability is associated with measuring the ease of use of a system, whereas usefulness is concerned with the accuracy and currency of the system content. At the British Columbia College of Nurses and Midwives, the nurse practitioner peer review incorporates the use of an online platform as part of the assessment process. The technology within this system has experienced challenges since its original deployment in 2012, particularly from an end user perspective. As such, it was important to conduct an evaluation in order to clearly identify the issues and develop recommendations and requirements for enhancements and improvements. A recognized usability evaluation methodology was selected including usability inspection as well as usability testing to ensure a thorough and comprehensive approach to this work. This approach proved highly effective in uncovering system issues within the regulatory health professions domain. Overall, usability evaluation methods were integral to meeting the objectives of this article and in demonstrating the value of applying human factors approaches in this context.
Development and Evaluation of a Bariatric Mannequin Simulation System
Authors: Bliss Donna Z. , Timko Olson Erica , Flaten Carol , Bradley Cynthia S. , Gurvich Olga V. , Jantraporn Ratchada , Conway Molly , Weinberger Alexandra , Kirchschlager Casey , Hayden Ann , Sund Laurie , Garcia Ashlee , Mullen Nate , Condon John , Becker Adam
Published: November 2024

Physical assessment of obese patients is an essential clinical skill for identifying the numerous health problems of obese patients and monitoring treatment effectiveness. Use of simulation mannequins facilitates teaching and learning of physical assessment. Available bariatric simulation mannequins have poor functional design, unrealistic appearance, and limited assessment functions. We developed a bariatric mannequin simulation system and an associated education curriculum of seven case scenario and debriefing exercises focused on health problems experienced by individuals who are obese. An innovation of our mannequin is inclusion of programmable electronics that can be used with clinical tools that receive the electronic signals; together they provide ability to assess normal and abnormal signs of a wide variety of health problems. Ten nursing faculty and 51 nursing and medical students at a Midwestern university evaluated the features and satisfaction of a prototype bariatric mannequin in separate simulation sessions using Likert-scale questionnaires. Results showed that the majority of faculty (60%) and student participants (70%+) agreed/highly agreed that the bariatric mannequin was innovative, engaging, user-friendly, useful, and likely effective for teaching or learning. Satisfaction ratings of both groups were similar. Feedback from participants was incorporated into a final refined product that improved its realistic appearance.