bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rinaturactivazione: nuove strategie di sviluppo sostenibile dai centri storici mediterranei: Genova città-laboratorio
Authors: Nan Emanuela
Published: July 2022

I territori sono oggi utilizzati come un “menu” all’interno del quale ci si sposta sempre più
liberamente secondo le proprie necessità. Le città, già da tempo, hanno assunto l’accezione di
sistemi integrati, apparendo sempre più simili a una miscellanea, composita e variabile, alla cui
definizione concorrono molteplici dispositivi e la cui comprensione e gestione operativa sembra
trovarsi non più nella perimetrazione di registri e contesti formali, ma nell’individuazione di
regole e tattiche capaci di guidare e prevedere gli esiti e le evoluzioni delle differenti dinamiche
e vocazioni.
In questo progressivo evolversi delle realtà urbane, i centri storici, in particolare quelli dell’area
mediterranea, storicamente, fortemente strutturati, iper-stratificati e densi, risultano inadeguati a
rispondere alle nuove necessità della vita odierna
Fondamentale, in questo senso, diviene, dunque, individuare e riconoscere un nuovo criterio e
metodo per la gestione di questi contesti, mirato, non a stravolgerli o snaturarli in nome del
progresso, ma, al contrario, a riattivarli nuovamente come nodi propulsivi a partire dalla
riscoperta di valenze e funzioni intrinseche alla loro storica dimensione e natura, sulla base una
logica sostanzialmente rinnovativo-reinterpretativo. Genova, si propone come un fantastico
laboratorio per l’individuazione di strategie e azioni mirate a tracciarne nuovi sviluppi futuribili
rispondenti alle odierne logiche attive di sostenibilità, avanzamento e interconnessione locale e
globale.

The territories are now used as a "menu", where people move more freely according to their
own needs . The city , for some time , have taken on the meaning of integrated systems ,
appearing more like a miscellany definition of which contribute to multiple devices and whose
understanding and operational management appears to be no longer in the delimitation of
records and formal, but in ' identification of rules and tactics capable of guiding and predicting
possible outcomes and the evolution of the different dynamics and vocations. This gradual development of urban , historic centers , particularly those of the Mediterranean ,
historically , highly structured , hyper - layered and dense , are inadequate to meet the new
needs of today's life .
Fundamental , in this sense , becomes, therefore , to identify and recognize a new criterion and
method for the management of these contexts , focused, not distorting them or altering them in
the name of progress , but , on the contrary , to reactivate them again as dynamic hubs from the
rediscovery of values and functions intrinsic to its historical dimension and nature , based on a
logic substantially renewal and reinterpretation.
Genoa is a fantastic laboratory for the identification of strategies and actions to trace new
developments futuristic responding to today's active logical sustainability, progress and
interconnecting local and global.
La ciudad lineal: resultado del proceso de territorialización del ensanche de la ciudad de Elche durante el siglo XX
Authors: Spairani Silvia , Cereceda Miguel Louis , Spairani Yolanda , Huesca José Antonio
Published: July 2022

Hasta mediados del s. XIX la ciudad de Elche ocupaba el margen derecho del río Vinalopó y el
arrabal de Santa Teresa, levantado en el s. XVIII al otro lado del río. Su estructura urbana
mantenía la trama de época árabe, desarrollándose en la 2ª mitad del s. XIX el correspondiente
ensanche de la ciudad en el margen izquierdo del rio.
La reflexión sobre la integración de la ciudad lineal durante el s. XX en la zona del ensanche
permite tener una visión de desarrollo de estructuración del espacio ilicitano. El objetivo de este
artículo es doble: mostrar brevemente las adaptaciones urbanísticas generales de los barrios
del Cuartel y del Pont Nou de la ciudad de Elche y situar al lector en el inicio de la Arquitectura
Sacra de la ciudad, como política urbana y proceso de territorialización de Elche.
Se concluye que: la estructura lineal de cuadricula ilicitana fue un destacable caso del
urbanismo español del s. XX; el proceso de territorialización del ensanche siguiendo el modelo
del ingeniero Ildefonso Cerdà fue un acierto para la mejora de la ciudad sin embargo, tuvo el
inconveniente de provocar una alta densificación y la destrucción de los palmerales de la
ciudad ubicados en dicha zona; en el Plan General del 63 no se aplicó una política adecuada
de vivienda ante la creciente demanda y revitalización del ensanche, lo que provocó que
posteriormente resultase muy difícil la corrección de los equipamientos de dichos barrios en los
subsiguientes planes de ordenación urbana.
Narrativas digitales de la historia urbana de la ciudad de Indaiatuba (São paulo – Brasil)
Authors: Sales Romero Marques Valquíria , Baesso Renata Pereira
Published: July 2022

La sociedad se reorganizó a partir de la revolución tecnológica. El capitalismo ha sido
reestructurado debido a la globalización de las actividades económicas. Los conceptos de
tiempo y espacio han sido transformados. Las redes sociales, aliadas al fácil acceso a internet
y a las novedades de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación han estado facilitando
no solamente la generación del conocimiento, como también la divulgación de productos,
marcas y la facilidad con la que encontramos los mismos. Una nueva etapa de la historia,
ahora más acelerada por la convergencia de momentos, se presenta a partir de la evolución
tecnológica. Utilizando Indaiatuba, ciudad del interior de Brasil, como estudio de caso, el
objetivo de este artículo es enseñar algunas de las formas de narrar la historia de la ciudad
utilizando las nuevas tecnologías, estimulando así la inteligencia colectiva en la sociedad y el
compartir de la historia, contribuyendo consecuentemente para la preservación del patrimonio
histórico-cultural a través de la mediatización de los mismos.

Society has been reorganized due to technological revolution. Capitalism has been restructured
because of the globalization of economic activities. The concepts of time and space were
transformed. Social networks, coupled with easy access to Internet and new technologies of
communication and information have not only facilitated the generation of knowledge but the
dissemination of products and brands and their interaction capability as well. A new stage of
history, now accelerated by the convergence of moments, is presented from the technological
evolution. Using Indaiatuba city in the interior of Brazil, as a case study, the aim of this article is
to expose some ways to tell the story of the city using new technologies in order to stimulate
society collective intelligence and its capability of sharing their history. This will lead to the
preservation of historic and cultural heritage through the mediatization of Indaiatuba richly
history.
La ciudad-racimo y la pérdida de la gran calle
Authors: Plasencia-Lozano Pedro
Published: July 2022

El texto analiza los componentes paisajísticos de la ciudad-racimo, una tipología de ciudad
fragmentada con características morfológicas propias, que se ha desarrollado en España
desde la aprobación de la ley del suelo de 1976 y que continúa en la actualidad. El crecimiento
residencial se organiza a partir del desarrollo de sectores independientes, delimitados entre sí
por la infraestructura viaria principal de la ciudad. Como consecuencia surgen zonas de borde
entre unos barrios y otros; además, aparecen dos nuevos tipos de calle, que denominaremos
"calle-plaza" y "avenida de frontera"; por último, se comprueba cómo la ciudad-racimo se
muestra incapaz de generar nuevas grandes calles, en el sentido histórico y paisajístico del
término. Para describir estos elementos se realiza un análisis visual de distintos ejemplos
existentes en Cáceres, ciudad española de tipo medio. El texto concluye con una discusión
donde se reflexiona sobre la idoneidad o no del modelo de crecimiento en racimo.

The text analyses the visual elements of the city-bunch, a kind of fragmented city with own
morphological characteristics whose origin can be find in the sucessive land legislation adopted
since 1976. Residential developments are planned into independent sectors and around the
main urban road network. It thus produce defined edges between neighbourhoods; moreover
two new kinds of street are appeared, called "street-place" and "boundary avenue"; finally it
confirms that the city-bunch is unable to create new great streets, in the historical and
landscaping sense of the word. A visual analyse of existing examples in Cáceres, a mediumsize
Spanish city, is made to describe these elements. The text concludes with a discussion on
the city-buch model of development.
Oltre la marginalitá: etnografia di una struttura di reinserimento per ex tossicodipendenti
Authors: Severi Ivan
Published: July 2022

Attraverso il caso di studio specifico di Cà dell’Arcoveggio tratterò la questione della
tossicodipendenza come costitutiva di marginalizzazione sociale, e di quali strategie sono state
messe in atto per consentire ai soggetti che abitavano la struttura di uscire da questo tipo di
categorizzazione. Nella prima parte dell’articolo esporrò brevemente alcune delle caratteristiche
dei soggetti trattati che contribuiscono a rinchiuderli nella categoria della marginalità.
Successivamente descriverò la filosofia alla base di Cà dell’Arcoveggio e la metodologia
educativa messa in atto. Nella terza parte mi occuperò delle pratiche adottate al fine di istituire
un rapporto tra la struttura ed il quartiere circostante, tra i soggetti che ospitava e i cittadini
provenienti dall’esterno. Infine mostrerò come alcuni importanti cambiamenti abbiano
radicalmente ridimensionato la portata sperimentale del progetto.

Through the specific case study of Cà dell'Arcoveggio I will treat the issue of drug addiction as
a cause of social marginalization, and will discuss which strategies have been put into place to
remove the inhabitants from this categorization. In the first section of the
article I will briefly explain some of the characteristics of the subjects treated that contribute to
their placement in the category of marginality. Then I will describe the underlying philosophy
and methodology of the Cà dell'Arcoveggio educational intervention. In the third section I will
deal with the practices put in place in order to establish a relationship between the
physical structure and the surrounding district and between the subjects and residents of the
neighborhood. In the final section I will present how some crucial changes have radically
decreased the experimental nature of the project.
El fuego fatuo del emergente periurbio y luces del atardecer suburbano, patrones urbanisticos y movilidad
Authors: Abba Artemio Pedro
Published: July 2022

La indagación sobre la relación entre el transporte y el uso del suelo fue uno de los
aportes fundamentales al conocimiento de las ciudades incorporando, a mediados del Siglo XX,
una visión dinámica al concepto de estructura urbana. A model of metrópolis de Ira Lowry para
la ciudad de Pittsburgh, presentado en 1964, constituyó una piedra basal para el abordaje
sistémico al fenómeno urbano (Lowry, I., 1964).
Desde ese marco conceptual se ha observado como se ha comportado el territorio de la
Buenos Aires Metropolitana (BAM) en un período de fuertes cambios en los modos de
transporte utilizados, las estrategias residenciales y los centros de consumo colectivo.
Si bien la estructura urbana producto de un robusto proceso de metropolización temprana aun
persiste en el urbio y el suburbio, una nueva capa más dinámica de metropolización tardía con
patrones cerrados de urbanización nace en el periurbio y avanza hacia el núcleo central de la
metrópolis.
Las nuevas lógicas territoriales identificadas mostraron un repliegue del ejercicio de la
sociabilidad humana desde el espacio público a espacios privados o semipúblicos. Esta
tendencial hacia una interacción humana confinada limita los fundamentos de universalidad de
los asentamientos urbanos, atributo privilegiado del fenómeno social que históricamente se
conoció como ciudad.

The studies about the correlation between transportation and land utilization were one
of the fundamental contributions to our knowledge of cities by adding, in the mid-twentieth
century, a dynamic vision to the concept of urban structure. Ira Lowry’s model of a metropolis
for the city of Pittsburg presented in 1964 became the fundament to the systematic analysis of
the urban phenomenon.
This conceptual framework was used to observe the impact on the territory of the Metropolitan
Buenos Aires (BAM) at a time of major changes in modes of transportation used, residential
strategies and centers of mass consumption
Even though the urban structure produced by the early robust “metropolization” process still
persists in “urbios” and suburban áreas, a new and more dynamic layer of recent
“metropolization” with private patterns of urbanization (gated communities) starts in the
“periurbio” and grows towards the central core of the metropolis
The new territorial behavioral rules showed a change in human sociability from public to private
or semi-private spaces. This tendency to confined human interactions limits the urban
population’s fundaments of universality, a privileged attribute of the social phenomenon that
historically is known as a city
Ring-and-circle, symbolical and practical meaning of the form in town planning and architecture
Authors: Bardzinska-Bonenberg Teresa
Published: July 2022

In the research analysis of historical urban and architectural developments was confronted with the newest concepts in town planning and architecture. The search was set against the background of political and social situation as well as changing technical possibilities. Applied methodology was focused on finding links between forms created by people and crucial events characterizing analyzed periods. The methods involved included studies of literature, historical registers in museums and research in situ.
Oval or circular urban systems and structures were shaped by several factors: safety, community demand, worship, expression of emotions and experience of decision makers and builders.
At times when the defence of people and their possessions was a frequent necessity it was a ring of walls or circular rampart or tower on a plan of a circle that were used. Logics of this solution can be easily proved by simple equations. When mathematics imbued with magic or religion, and became a tool of shaping architecture, use of a ring was symbolic, and often used in sacred urban layouts and architecture. Circle, as the most perfect of figures was appreciated by the people of power of all periods up to now. First theoretical urban plans developed either from circular focal building or implemented circle or ring in shaping the whole layout. In the era of rationalism theorists of that time saw the opportunity to organize functional zones in concentric way. Recent decades unveiled new phenomena: circular projects in urban and architectural scale.
Integrated urban landscape: nature as an element of transition space composition
Authors: Haupt Patrycja
Published: July 2022

The paper explains the genesis, methods and consequences of introducing elements of nature into contemporary cityscape. It shows their significance in creating a new image of the city. The discussion is conducted on the basis of joined urban theories such as: softening the city edge, fluency of space, narrative paths, multilayer structure of urban space. Contemporary forms of relationships between the building and its surroundings are presented in order to prove the tendencies in shaping the connection zone between the building and the city simultaneously, influenced by both of those reactants. This zone, observed as transition space between the building and its surroundings, is constantly changing and growing, generating a variety of urban spaces adjoining, interlacing, penetrating the building structure. It also creates an area of introducing nature as compositional and functional element. The paper discusses the examples of the new types of relationships between architecture and nature emerging in contemporary urban space.
Longing for the main street
Authors: Kozłowski Tomasz
Published: July 2022

It may sound like a cliché that urban design theory changes with man’s development. The article refers to the changes in the way a city functions and the resulting new perception of the lack of existence of something as significant as the “main street”. Consequently, there has appeared a different way to identify with its parts anew. The transformations which have recently changed the assumptions of polycentrism are associated with the need to create multiple autonomous centres related to diverse functions of a city. The emergence of newly designed arteries, which are just transport links and not the symbol of the place’s splendour, breaks its tissue, creating a new, sometimes unpredictable scale. One can make assumptions about the “total” decomposition, which has become one of the modern methods of composition of urban spaces (somewhat, or entirely, by chance). Without going into evaluations, one can attempt at memories and express melancholy which is carried by the “main street” and a human scale which cities used to have.
Public hybrid spaces as a component of contemporary cities
Authors: Pluta Katarzyna
Published: July 2022

The main objectives of research work presented in the paper are: 1/Exploring the urban design solutions of public hybrid spaces in contemporary cities, which are the outstanding examples of expressive identity, 2/Carrying out the modern interpretation of principles of composition of hybrid public spaces (in urban scale), 3/Exploring the urban design solutions of public hybrid spaces, on the example of student’s works realized at The Faculty of Architecture, The Warsaw University of Technology, in The Chair of Urban Design and Rural Landscape - the detailed studies concerning spatial forms, functions and transport system.
The research work has been realized with taking into consideration existing state of knowledge and use of methods proper for morphological investigations of city space. There have been used various research methods: method of analysis and critique of sources (planning documents, design projects and literature), observation method, comparative method, etc.
The main conclusions: 1/The development of public hybrid spaces is connected with limiting of territorial growth of cities and supporting the development of their inner areas, what contributes to creation of the efficient spatial form and sustainable development of contemporary cities, 2/Public hybrid spaces contribute to a high degree to preserve or to create cultural identity of the city. In the face of broadening phenomenon of making uniform of the townscape of contemporary cities, shaping their identity should become a basic need of every city.
Development of areas of World Exhibitions: search of urbanity: case study of Milan
Authors: Dudzic-Gyurkovich Karolina
Published: July 2022

Great events, which the World Exhibitions, held periodically since the end of the 18th century, certainly are, occupy a position somewhere between science and entertainment, culture and consumption. Facilities erected especially for this occasion and development of the allocated areas are by definition temporal structures, which are to be disassembled or transformed after they have fulfilled their function. These areas, even after dozens of years, or even more, still remain areas that stand out in the structure of the city. Milan, the capital of the Italian region of Lombardy, so far has been the host of the World Exhibitions twice, with the time interval of over 100 years. The areas and facilities that remained after the first of them were subjected to a secondary development. In one of the locations of the exhibition from 1906 a large-scale mixed-use development is being implemented, which is intended to create a great part of the future urban fabric of the city. In this paper, the Author shall analyse the current spatial structure, in particular the quality of the emerging tissue, the relations that occur within it, and the possible links with the neighbouring areas. On the basis of the literature available, the Author shall distinguish several criteria which should be satisfied by systems described as urban and shall specify how they are implemented and whether it is possible to find the concept of urbanity in the described area.
From stone device to technology device
Authors: Grodzicki Paweł
Published: July 2022

The paper investigates the impact of rapidly growing communication technologies on the city physical structure and hypothesizes the conceivable scenarios for its spatial form in the future.
The methodology is be the analysis of past and current city forming processes.
The dynamics of the urban population: public space in the city: modern transformations
Authors: Gyurkovich Jacek
Published: July 2022

The article presents the issue of changes in the population of selected Polish cities against the background of global demographic and urbanisation-related phenomena over the period of the last 55 years and in the perspective of forecasts until the mid-21st century, as well as the meaning of the effect of the disurbanisation processes observed today on the strategy of the spatial and functional organisation of cities.
There occurs the need to think about cities as a network within the scheme of metropolitan systems – with a polycentric structure, where the main link – a hub city - cooperates with a grid of smaller towns, independent territorially, but cooperating with each other and the hub city itself. This strategy can limit the territorial expansion of cities and have its effect on the development of the urban subregion. Operations fostering the process of strengthening of the hub city and preventing the ‘escape’ of residents from cities are presented by means of a discussion of an example of a project of transformation of degraded areas, connected with the concept of sustainable development of the city.
The city in-between
Authors: Justyna Kobylarczyk
Published: July 2022

The city in-between is the city which gains from the past to create the history of today while looking to the future. It blurs the boundaries between yesterday, today and tomorrow. It is difficult not to look at the past while striving for perfection, as history teaches about what once was considered as success and failure in the process of urban development. The image of the ideal city is shaped by the care of the needs of current users and future generations. Ideal city is one that boldly puts the steps towards the future, opening up for new opportunities created by the development of science and technology. It opposes the often negative phenomena, which in the future can worsen, leading among other things to the loss of relationships within the society. In view of these risks, questions arise about tomorrow, about the fate of social spaces and public areas. Will the man of the future benefit from them? Will he replace them with virtual world? It seems that without the knowledge of the past and that is the experience of the builders of the cities of foregone eras and the directions of development of former trends it is impossible to shape the present, guided by one primary purpose - to serve the modern man, realizing his basic needs important for living and those which can be defined as more than basic, associated with personal preferences and ambitions.
The future we want to know focuses on the experience of the past while trying to create local conditions today. Today is suspended between what has already happened and what will happen. Today is also a time to reflect on what is good and worthy of follow-up, and what constitutes a threat. Today triggers the need to seek remedies to all of the negative phenomena leading to uncontrolled urban sprawl, deepening of the spatial chaos, increasing suburbanization and mental anonymity of both the residents and space. The city in-between is the city standing at the threshold of modernity, creating a vision of the future on the canvas of not always positive experience that have taken place in the past.
Revitalisation of urban space upon the example of Copenhagen
Authors: Strzelecka-Seredyńska Monika
Published: July 2022

The objective of this paper is to present selected contemporary activities in the urban space of Copenhagen aimed at the recovery of land in the process of revitalisation. They constitute examples of rational and economical management of areas inside the city limits and they inscribe in the concept of limiting of the urbanisation costs.
The current harmonious development of the capital of Denmark constitutes a result of a strategy, in force for decades now, based on the implementation of architectural and urban planning solutions aimed at the continuous improvement of the comfort of living of the city residents. The urban culture is expressed in the creation of top quality public spaces, especially in the organisation of pedestrian zones based on the principles of the universal design.
Human dimension of urban spaces: International Biennale of Architecture Kraków 2015 and the polish awarded competition entries
Authors: Urbańska Marta A
Published: July 2022

“Jan Gehl, an expert in humanisation of cities, is convinced that the enhancing of quality of our life in the cities is a derivative of the image of public spaces […] where people meet “in order to exchange ideas, to trade or simply to rest” (Jan Gehl, Life between buildings)’. These words hail from the Regulations of the International Biennale of Architecture 2015 whose motto was “Human dimension of urban spaces”. Its idea was to inspire the debate, both at the civic and self-governmental level, on Polish public spaces and their accessibility, through the presentation of architectural and urban designs. It was considered vital because of the colossal means from the EU cohesion funds which are being spent in Poland on urban revitalisations. Due to her involvement in the Biennale’s organisation (commissioner, juror, moderator), the authoress raises the issue of the mentioned and awarded Polish designs. All the entries (over 200) were competing in one of the three categories: of the realised designs, hypothetical ones and interventions-manifestos. They provide the perfect comparative material. As it was stated in the Protocol of the Jury, ‘In the competitions A i B , the Jury has mentioned and awarded completed projects in various scales, from small architectural scale through an urbanistic one to landscape, both mobile, temporary and permanent, yet always fulfilling the criterion of shaping urban spaces in human dimension’.
The article, analysing the recent solutions and observations proposed by Polish architects, mostly for Polish public spaces, shall discuss whether one may observe positive tendencies towards the return to urbanity and to human, communal character of city’s public spaces.
Population ageing as a challenge for architectural and urban design: case study: concept of Hybrid Senior Unit in Cracow (Poland)
Authors: Mikołajska Ida , Woźniak-Szpakiewicz Ewelina
Published: July 2022

The patterns of declining fertility and mortality over the past two decades have led to significant shifts in the age structure of the world’s population. Although most advanced in Europe and North America, population ageing is occurring, or will soon begin, in all major areas of the world (United Nations, 2013). How these cities are facing that challenge? Will future cities and architectural designs be inspiring by a greying population? Due to a growing problem of society ageing, the topic of architectural design of senior housing developments is more and more relevant in a global context.
This paper proposes a series of design questions of how urban design and architectural ideas could contribute towards improvement life condition in future cities. Design solutions related to a series of case studies of senior housing are presented, with the main focus on the diploma concept of the Hybrid Senior Unit in Cracow (Poland) aimed at a multifaceted integration: architectural, urban and social.
Urban planning in Cracow and location of sustainable office buildings
Authors: Małgorzata Zieba , Agnieszka Telega
Published: July 2022

Social, economic, and environmental benefits of sustainable buildings result in increasing demand and supply of green office space and governments adopt green buildings requirements as policy instruments. Effect of public (local, state) policies on construction and diffusion of sustainable buildings have been analyzed in few research (e.g. (Choi 2010a), (R. Simons, Choi, and Simons 2009)), demand for sustainable offices (e.g. (Zieba, Belniak, and Gluszak 2013), motivations for investing (Fuerst and McAllister 2009)(Popescu et al. 2012) were the subject of research but the impact of public policies and tools used by local governments, in the form of development plans and zoning maps, on the location decisions of investors realizing green buildings still requires more insight.
The objective of this paper is to verify whether local development plans (zoning maps) facilitate location of sustainable office buildings on sites that are best-choice using the criteria of green buildings’ certification and most beneficial from the point of view of sustainable urban development.
Authors assume that local governments would support choice of best sustainable location by investors, as it’s beneficial for local community, economy and environment. Also, we state that real estate developers’ choice of location is the function of firm’s own criteria, zoning map restrictions, availability of land for new developments.
This paper proposes a methodology to identify the best areas to locate sustainable offices in Cracow district Zabłocie, using spatial data analysis.
Zablocie was selected because the zoning map exists for the whole district and the area - postindustrial district, still provides many sites for new developments and it’s featured by high concentration of sustainable office buildings.
The evaluation criteria was based on BREEAM (BRE Environmental Assessment Method) green building certification categories. The data was collected and processed in ArcGIS. The locations, identified in spatial analysis process, were compared with locations available in Zablocie for commercial (office) developments as indicated by local development plan.
Pakuska
Authors: Dziechciarz Olgerd
Published: July 2022

“Pakuska” is a book about one estate, quite small and perhaps not different from other similar estates created in Poland in the time of the construction boom of the seventies. But for that very reason, as all of them were the same, it is a book about Poland
Water supplies build the cities: the Canal de Isabel II as origin of the Metropolis of Madrid
Authors: Rubio-Gavilán Ana , Hernández-Lamas Patricia , Bernabeu-Larena Jorge
Published: July 2022

Water supply systems in big cities are fundamental parts of their metabolism. They respond to a scenario of increasing demands, and they actually act as a catalyst for their growth. This last reason is essential to explain the development of some big cities. A model example of this is the city of Madrid and its water supply, built up and managed by the public enterprise Canal de Isabel II. Since its origins in the 19th century, the Canal laid down the foundations that allowed Madrid to develop and shape itself as a metropolis.
Public works, dams, channels and reservoirs, constitute the technical solution to water supply as well as they extend the influence of the urban area to wider territory, connecting urban and rural. The paper studies the origins of the Canal and its principal works which enabled the metropolitan growth of Madrid until today, and analyzes the influence of this works in the development of the city, in the processes of exchange and water management.
Public works are not just useful infrastructures in contemporary polis, they have strong influence in social cohesion and urban processes.
Patterns of non-planned occupation of the peri-urban territory of the Huerta de Murcia, 1929-2015
Authors: García Martín Fernando M , Ros Sempere Marcos
Published: July 2022

The peri-urban area of the Huerta de Murcia, around the city of Murcia, in southeast Spain, fundamentally dedicated to agriculture, has undergone a process of peri-urbanisation during the past 40 years, caused by un-regulated construction.
This agricultural area of about 10,000Ha originates from the ninth century, and is linked to an extensive network of canals channelled from the Segura River. This long-established irrigation system provides a much divided and fragmented agrarian morphology.
Most building has been carried out over the last 4 decades, mainly of family housing but also of holiday properties, and this construction has not been regulated, resulting in a spontaneous phenomenon of dispersed occupation.
Despite an apparent spontaneity and disorder in this occupation, this study uses an analysis methodology based on ortho-photographic series and cadastral data to show the existence of occupancy patterns, which vary over different periods.
The analyses of these patterns, in addition to a proposed classification, are the main subjects of the study, and will show how goals and methodologies for intervention and action may be set up.
City without barriers, ICT tools for the universal accessibility: study cases in Barcelona
Authors: Biere Arenas Rolando Mauricio , Arellano Ramos Blanca , Roca Cladera Josep
Published: July 2022

This paper is the presentation of the results and developed tasks in the framework of the research project titled City without barriers. Tool for the evaluation and visualization of the accessibility into public space, using TLS, GIS and GPS Technologies,1 developed during 2014 and 2015 by the authors and others researchers and technicians in the Centre of Land Policy and Valuations (CPSV) and the Virtual City Modelling Lab (LMVC) of the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC)
The main goal of the applied research project was the development of a tool to assess the degree of accessibility and calculate optimal routes in public space, and above all their incorporation into an integral system (tool), with accessibility information, services, and support's content.
This tool has been developed in two formats, Web platform and App, and the App can be downloaded in situ and remotely via Web.
This has been achieved, by steps, and the first one has been the development of a methodology to facilitate universal access to public space, evaluating and obtaining optimal routes for the users. This methodology has been based in the use of ICT, specifically the terrestrial laser scanner (LTS), a tool of high precision that allows obtain information of the space with a high degree of accuracy and high quality and get measurable information directly, combined with Geographical Information Systems and GPS.
The starting premises were:
1. Increasing the information about accessibility to urban spaces, based on new demands, demographic changes, legal requirements or elder people and moving/visual disabilities needs.
2. Developing technological and strategic progresses in order to highlight universal accessibility and its associated information, as a need and an added value to the city.
The building sustainable regulations for social housing in Mexico
Authors: Arias Silvia
Published: July 2022

The present project analyzes the conditions of the actual construction regulations and their relation with the conditions of sustainability of the western zone of Mexico. The human activity of production and occupation of the housing activity, has contributed important percentage in the problem of the global warming. The waste production and deterioration of the natural resources force to consider technological alternatives for the production and occupation of the sustainable buildings that incorporates low energy technologies and systems for the water consumption, as well for the energy efficiency using the advantage of the natural lighting, natural ventilation and the treatment of outer areas. The analysis of the energy efficiency will be based mainly on the conditions of sustainability, understanding that the consumption of the energy and the water is certain determined for the conditions of habitability. A sustainable construction can be a space completely integrated to the natural landscape and the natural flows of an ecosystem, or can be an artificial place with a high energy performance, built with low environmental impact materials.
The primary objective is to maximize the energy efficiency, to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions, the conservation of the natural resources, as well as to integrate sustainable technologies and to make integral an urban planning with citizen participation in the different phases from the project.
Property tax as urban planning instrument in large cities: the Brazilian experience
Authors: Santos Angela Moulin Penalva , Vasques Pedro Henrique Ramos Prado
Published: July 2022

There is an ongoing process of increasing urbanization of the world population with socio-spatial polarization in large cities. Such population density increases the competition for urban land, arousing crescent ground rent generation from the central areas, where there is greater availability of urban infrastructure. The outcome of this process has been an extensive growth of these cities, generating costs for the low-income population, forced to take longer trips to get to work centers. It is also represents a cost increment for public administration, responsible for the expansion of urban infrastructure networks. One among the various instruments to face these costs is the urban real estate taxation, which can also fulfill an extra fiscal function, when used to regulate land use.
In this article, we aim to analyze urban policy in Brazil regarding the use of the property taxation instrument, arguing its effectiveness in controlling land use. This was an important innovation introduced by the 1988 Federal Constitution and it is associated with private property defense as long as it fulfills its social function. Under these conditions, the main tax levied on real estate assets in Brazil, the Urban Building and Land Tax (IPTU), would be used as an urban policy instrument by foreseeing the possibility of using different rates according to the land's condition (built or not), its destination (residential or commercial), and also predicting progressive rates for properties that do not comply with the social function. Our study takes as reference municipalities with population over 200,000 inhabitants.
Dels carrers a la modalitat o dels escacs al parxís
Authors: Corominas Ayala Miquel
Published: July 2022

El 1984 es va realitzar un seminari interdisciplinari sobre les Vies de Barcelona.

En aquells moments la preocupació era completar la vialitat de la ciutat i recuperar

el caràcter cívic de les vies. La pressió del tràfic de vehicles havia convertit

els carrers de la ciutat en autèntiques autopistes urbanes i en molts casos, com

a Glasgow, la ciutat havia estat devastada per la febre automobilística. Des de la

Universitat s’apostava per una vialitat integradora de la vida urbana, rebutjant el

model automobilístic. La aportació d’aquestes idees a traves dels professors que es

van integrar en els nous ajuntaments democràtics va permetre redreçar la situació

cap una nova vialitat cívica. Anys després la intermodalitat s’ha apropiat dels

carrers sense pietat. El panorama és desolador, la pintura ja puja per les voreres a

les maleïdes super illes.

In 1984, an interdisciplinary seminar about the Roads of Barcelona took place

At that moment, the concern was to complete the road system of the city and

recover the civic character of the roads. The pressure of the vehicular traffic had

turned the streets into authentic urban highways and in many cases, as in Glasgow,

the city had been devastated by the car fever. The academy was betting on

roads that integrate urban life, rejecting the automobile model. The ideas from

the professors who integrated the new democratic municipalities, contributed to

redirect the former situation towards a new civic road. Years later, the streets had

been appropriated by intermodality without mercy. The picture is bleak and the

paint is already climbing the sidewalks in the damn super blocks.
Barrio de Valdeacederas: entre abandono, remodelacion y gentrificacion
Authors: Leković Milica
Published: July 2022

El trabajo analiza los orígenes del barrio de Valdeacederas en el siglo XIX y su desarrollo a través de los planos urbanísticos hasta la actualidad. Se analiza la operación de IVIMA (1986-2002), parte del programa Barrios en Remodelación, realizada en una pequeña zona de Valdeacederas. Se indaga en el futuro del barrio, que actualmente incluye una política de demolición de edificios antiguos y su sustitución por edificios de gran altura. Para la mejora del barrio se propone la revitalización de los pequeños espacios públicos, abundantes pero en estado de abandono, que contribuiría al enriquecimiento de carácter del barrio. Valdeacederas es de gran importancia para Madrid, por su valor cultural e histórico y su carácter único, por lo que la mejor solución para el barrio es la reconstrucción integral de las edificaciones existentes y el fortalecimiento de los lazos culturales y económicos entre el barrio y el resto de la ciudad.

This paper analyzes the origins of neighbourhood of Valdeacederas in the 19th
century, its evolution and position in urban planning until the present day. It also discusses housing development operation, conducted by IVIMA (Madrid Housing Institute) from 1986 - 2002 in a small area of Valdeacederas, as part of social
housing programme Barrios en Remodelación. Another issue explored is the possible future of this neighbourhood, endangered by a policy of demolishing of old hoses and their replacement by high - rise buildings. Finally, the adaptive reuse of various small public spaces found in Valdeacederas is proposed, as a way to change the gloomy face of this neglected urban area and enrich its character and diversity. The author takes position that the best solution for Valdeacederas, unique for its cultural and historical value, is comprehensive regeneration of existing urban structures and consolidation of cultural and economic bonds between the neighbourhood and the rest of Madrid.
Análisis del marco teórico-práctico de los estudios de sostenibilidad económica en el planeamiento urbanístico
Authors: Garrido Jiménez Francisco Javier
Published: July 2022

Los estudios de sostenibilidad económica ligados al planeamiento urbanístico, obligatorios en España desde la Ley de Suelo de 2007, son la herramienta que debería permitir conocer el impacto de las actuaciones de urbanización sobre las finanzas públicas. Superados los tradicionales estudios económico-financieros, se impone la necesidad de evaluar los impactos económicos del desarrollo urbano a medio y largo plazo, no en quien promueve la actuación, sino en las Administraciones Públicas encargadas de la prestación y mantenimiento de los servicios públicos creados. La innovación conceptual que representan estos estudios frente a la situación precedente, se traduce en la necesidad del empleo de nuevas herramientas, más desarrolladas en otros países, donde existe una mayor tradición en esta materia. Para el mejor conocimiento de estas técnicas se realizará una breve reseña histórica sobre su empleo, completada con un resumen del marco teórico existente y de las principales experiencias en su aplicación práctica.

Economic sustainability studies related to urban planning, compulsory in Spain since the

2007 Land Act, would be the way to understand the impact of urban development on the public finances.

Once overcome the traditional economic and financial studies, there is a need to assess the economic impacts of urban development in the medium and long term, not who promotes the urban development, but in the government

responsible for the provision and maint

enance of the public services that are

created. The conceptual innovation represented by these studies, results in the need to use new techniques, more

developed in other countries, where there is a long tradition in this area. To the best knowledge of these techniques there

will be a brief history of their use, which will be completed with a summary of the existing theoretical framework and

main experiences in practical application.
Transformações e integração derivadas da mudança de uso do espaço urbano na cidade de Aveiro, Portugal
Authors: Matias Lídia Maria Moreira
Published: July 2022

A cidade de Aveiro sofreu no século XIX várias transformações físicas, voltando a sofrer novas transformações no século XX, altura em que a malha urbana possibilitou o desenvolvimento da cidade. Inserida nestas alterações está a Avenida Dr. Lourenço Peixinho que permitiu a conexão urbana entre o caminho-de-ferro e o centro. A avenida sobrevive aos Planos Urbanísticos (1948-2009) que surgiram após a sua abertura. A investigação visa identificar as tipologias arquitectónicas predominantes, existentes nesta estrutura, entender a problemática do espaço nos diferentes níveis de uso do solo e de mudança de função das habitações para comércio e serviços. Para além disso verifica-se a valorização dessas edificações dominados por atores sociais que defendem diversos interesses comerciais, municipais e imobiliários. Neste contexto o artigo visa definir critérios que permitam a conservação do património arquitectónico e urbanístico contribuindo para a investigação no urbanismo, tendo como suporte o estudo da referida avenida, enquanto património local.

The city of Aveiro, suffered a number of physical transformations in the 19th century, undergoing new transformations in the 20th century, when the urban grid enabled the development of the city. Included in these changes is the Avenue Dr. Lourenço Peixinho which provided the urban connection between the railway and the City Center. The Avenue survived the urbanistic plans (1948-2009) that emerged after its opening. This research aims at the identification of the predominant architectural typologies in this structure, the understanding of the problem of space in different levels of land use and change of function of the dwellings for trade and services. In addition there is the valorization of these buildings which are dominated by social elements embodying various commercial, municipal and real estate interests. In this context the article intends to define criteria for the preservation of the architectural and urban heritage, contributing to the research in urbanism, having as grounds the study of that Avenue, as local heritage.