bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instrumentos de Avaliação Psicológica em Orientação de Carreira: Análise da Produção Nacional
Authors: Barros Leonardo de Oliveira , Ambiel Rodolfo Augusto Matteo
Published: November 2020

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa da produção científica nacional acerca do uso de instrumentos de avaliação psicológica no contexto de orientação profissional e de carreira no período de 2000 a 2017. A busca ocorreu no mês de junho de 2018, utilizando descritores correspondentes a “avaliação psicológica” e “orientação profissional” nas bases PePSIC, INDEXPSI, BVS-Psi, BVS-Saúde e no Google Acadêmico. Após a triagem de 1.376 artigos, elegeram-se 79 que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão, como ser estudo empírico com amostra brasileira e ter sido publicado em revistas nacionais. Os resultados indicaram crescimento do número de publicações a partir de 2003, com surgimento de pesquisadores além do eixo Sul-Sudeste. Foram contabilizados 69 instrumentos nas pesquisas e percebeu-se o início de investigações pautando temas e públicos não ligados apenas à escolha profissional, mostrando uma tendência de expansão da área para além do contexto escolar. Os instrumentos mais utilizados nas pesquisas foram a Escala de Aconselhamento Profissional, o Questionário de Busca Autodirigida e o Teste de Foto de Profissões, reforçando a forte tendência da avaliação de interesses profissionais na área.
Relações ecológicas entre orquídeas e forófitos em Floresta Ombrófila Mista sob influência nebular, Planalto Serrano Catarinense
Authors: Montibeller-Silva Karina , Gomes Juliano Pereira , Mantovani Adelar , Bortoluzzi Roseli Lopes da Costa
Published: November 2020

Resumo Este estudo objetivou conhecer a riqueza e estrutura de orquídeas epífitas e seus forófitos, avaliar as interações entre estas duas assembleias, bem como, amostrar as espécies forofíticas e não forofíticas para orquídeas em um remanescente de Floresta Ombrófila Mista sob influência nebular no Planalto Serrano Catarinense. A amostragem foi realizada no Complexo Serra da Farofa, em uma parcela de 5.000 m2. A riqueza e estrutura das assembleias arbóreas, forofítica e não forofítica e de orquídeas foram avaliadas. Três espécies de orquídeas foram registradas, colonizando 15 espécies de forófitos. A distribuição espacial dos forófitos e orquídeas foi agregada. Os forófitos colonizados por orquídeas apresentaram altura e Diâmetro a Altura do Peito (DAP), significativamente maiores que demais forófitos. O ritidoma do tipo rugoso foi o mais comum em forófitos colonizados por orquídeas. Drimys angustifolia (Winteraceae) e Myrceugenia euosma (Myrtaceae) foram as principais espécies forofíticas, cruciais para a manutenção da assembleia de orquídeas neste local. As informações deste manuscrito destacam a proteção in situ de Cattleya coccinea, mediante a abundância dela no local. Estas informações irão beneficiar diretamente a conservação e restauração de assembleias biológicas com características semelhantes a este local.
Flora do Espírito Santo: Amaryllidaceae
Authors: Nichio-Amaral Renara , Campos-Rocha Antonio , Alves-Araújo Anderson
Published: November 2020

Resumo O presente trabalho é parte integrante do projeto Flora do Espírito Santo e teve como objetivo caracterizar morfologicamente as espécies de Amaryllidaceae ocorrentes no estado, bem como fornecer dados sobre sua distribuição geográfica e comentários sobre a biologia e ambiente das espécies. Para isto, expedições de coleta foram realizadas no período de outubro/2016 a dezembro/2017 buscando inventariar as espécies da família ocorrentes no estado. Três gêneros e 17 espécies foram registradas no Espírito Santo. Hippeastrum é o gênero com maior riqueza de espécies (8 spp.), seguido de Griffinia (7 spp.) e Crinum (2 spp.). Griffinia colatinensis possui status de conservação definido como “Criticamente em Perigo” (CR), enquanto G. espiritensis, G. liboniana, H. brasilianum, H. reginae e H. striatum como “Em Perigo” (EN). Caracteres como escapo floral (sólido ou fistuloso), número e grau de fusão das brácteas da inflorescência, comprimento do tubo do hipanto, padrão de coloração, corona (presença/ausência e tipos), tipo de ambiente e bulbo subterrâneo ou exposto, foram considerados importantes para distinção taxonômica do grupo analisado. Neste estudo são fornecidas descrições taxonômicas, chaves de identificação para os gêneros e as espécies, mapas de distribuição, ilustrações e pranchas fotográficas.
Plantas trepadeiras em afloramentos rochosos no nordeste do Brasil: padrões de riqueza, similaridade florística e síndromes de dispersão
Authors: Lucena Danielly da Silva , Souza Bruno Cruz , Carvalho Ellen Cristina Dantas , Araújo Francisca Soares , Alves Marccus
Published: November 2020

Resumo Afloramentos rochosos são relevos residuais montanhosos que ocorrem em regiões tropicais, subtropicais e temperadas de todo o mundo. Nesse trabalho, nossos objetivos foram entender os padrões de riqueza e similaridade florística de plantas trepadeiras em afloramentos rochosos no nordeste do Brasil, bem como, compreender aspectos morfológicos e formas de dispersão dessas espécies. As análises foram realizadas utilizando uma lista florística de plantas trepadeiras registradas em inventários de afloramentos rochosos, nos estados da Paraíba e Pernambuco. Foram identificadas 143 espécies, 66 gêneros e 25 famílias. Quanto ao aspecto morfológico, 72% das espécies são trepadeiras herbáceas e 28% são lenhosas (lianas). O mecanismo de ascensão mais frequente foi o volúvel (66%) e a síndrome de dispersão mais representativa foi autocoria (44%). A riqueza de trepadeiras herbáceas e lenhosas foi positivamente correlacionada com a altitude e negativamente correlacionada com a distância do litoral e a temperatura; correlação negativa também foi observada entre a riqueza de trepadeiras herbáceas e a precipitação, enquanto para as lenhosas a riqueza se manteve constante nessa variável. A análise de similaridade florística resultou na formação de três grupos, sugerindo uma composição florística característica da matriz circundante, influenciada por fatores abióticos e tipos vegetacionais onde os afloramentos rochosos estão inseridos.
New accounts on Hypoxylaceae and Xylariaceae from Brazil
Authors: Silva Cristiano Santana da , Pereira Maryana Borges , Pereira Jadergudson
Published: November 2020

Abstract This work aims to bring new reports of Hypoxylaceae and Xylariaceae from Brazil. The collections were performed in cocoa plantations in Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil. Six new occurrences of Hypoxylaceae and two Xylariaceae species are reported to Brazil, Northeast and/or Bahia. A dichotomous key to the species treated is provided.
How natural flood management helps downstream urban drainage in various storm directions
Authors: Ferguson Charlie , Fenner Richard
Published: November 2020

The wider benefits of natural flood management are increasingly used to engage local stakeholders and justify physical implementation. Previous studies have highlighted the potential for upstream natural flood management interventions to contribute to water level management strategies by mitigating downstream water levels and promoting free discharge at surface drainage outfalls from urban areas. The study reported in this paper extended the scope of this possible benefit by examining the potential for upstream interventions to de-synchronise rural and urban responses under various storm tracks, thereby improving the performance of downstream surface drainage networks. The methodology used a coupled modelling approach. Five design events, each applied with eight different storm tracks, were used to evaluate how catchment-scale natural flood management in the upper Calder River, UK, might influence performance of surface drainage in the downstream town of Todmorden. The results suggested that all the storm tracks considered had substantial influence on whether urban rainfall occurs during the period when outfalls are inundated. While upstream natural flood management interventions create modest flow attenuation, a slight delay in rural response can significantly improve drainage performance and reduce instances of nuisance flooding.
The Phenotypic and Genetic Detection of the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: V Eftychios , VM Laura , Z Calina-Oana , V Evangelos , P Marina , P Evangelia , K Krystalenia , P Georgia , K Loukia , P Efcleidis , KG Serafeim , LM Junie
Published: November 2020

Methicillin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were identified shortly upon the introduction of methicillin into the clinical practice. The S. aureus samples were taken from patients hospitalized in General Hospital of Chania “Agios Georgios”. The strains were isolated from different pathological products, in the hospital laboratory. All isolates were tested using the cefoxitin disk diffusion, the oxacillin MIC methods and the PBP2’ latex agglutination test (bioMérieux), for the production of the Penicillin-Binding Protein 2a (PBP2a or PBP2’ protein). S. aureus ATCC 29213 was used as a negative control. We followed the detection of the mecA gene throughout the PCR method, as the standard “gold” method, in order to identify MRSA strains. Conventional methods for MRSA strains detection were compared with the PCR method. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed throughout the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method using antibiotic discs from Bioanalyse ltd. The mecA gene was found by PCR in 57.5 % of S. aureus strains, which allowed defining the isolated strains as MRSA strains. According to the oxacillin MIC values of the studied strains, 25 strains (53.2%) were identified as MRSA, 21 (44.68%) as MSSA and 1*strain (2.13%) as Borderline (BL) MRSA. The mecA gene is present in 24 of the MRSA strains with oxacillin MIC ≥ 4 being more common in strains showing the oxacillin MICs ≥ 256 (12/27). Adding the BL strains to the methicillin resistant strains, the rate of the MRSA strains increases to 26 (55.32%), the appropriate values of the MRSA strains percent, as determined by the PCR method (57.45%), which shows a concordance of 96.3% (26/27), between the results obtained by the two tests. Comparing the results obtained using the PCR method; with the oxacillin MICs and the PBP2’ latex agglutination test, concordant results were obtained for 89.36% of the strains (42/47) by oxacillin MICs and for 97.87% of the strains (46/47) by PBP2’ latex agglutination test. We conclude that the specificity of these methods is 100% for the mecA PCR method, 97.87% for the PBP2a latex method and 89.36% for the oxacillin MIC. The comparison of phenotypic methods (the PBP2a latex reaction, oxacillin MICs, the Cefoxitin disk diffusion test with the genotypic methods (the presence of the mecA gene), reveals that the PBP2a latex reaction has high sensitivity (97.87%), and can be used as an alternative method to PCR for the MRSA detection, in resource constraint settings.
Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: G Fang , X Ma , Z Chen , G Gao , W Xie , R Xie , F Zhang
Published: November 2020

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has become a global pandemic. COVID-19 patients with olfactory loss and taste disorders have received considerable attention.
Intellectual Commons and the Law: A Normative Theory for Commons-Based Peer Production
Authors: Broumas Antonios
Published: November 2020

At the cutting edge of contemporary wealth creation people form self-governed communities of collaborative innovation in conditions of relative equipotency and produce resources with free access to all. The emergent intellectual commons have the potential to commonify intellectual production and distribution, unleash human creativity through collaboration and democratise innovation with wider positive effects for our societies. Contemporary intellectual property laws fail to address this potential. We are, therefore, in pressing need of an institutional alternative beyond the inherent limitations of intellectual property law. This book offers an overall analysis of the moral significance of the intellectual commons and outlines appropriate modes for their regulation. Its principal thesis is that our legal systems are in need of an independent body of law for the protection and promotion of the intellectual commons, in parallel to intellectual property law. In this context, the author of the book proposes the reconstruction of the doctrine of the public domain and the exceptions and limitations of exclusive intellectual property rights into an intellectual commons law, which will underpin a vibrant non-commercial zone of creativity and innovation in intellectual production, distribution and consumption alongside commodity markets enabled by intellectual property law.
The Ontology of the Intellectual Commons
Authors: Broumas Antonios
Published: November 2020

This chapter formulates a processual ontology of the intellectual commons, by examining the substance, elements, tendencies and manifestations of their being. The first part of the chapter introduces the various definitions of the concept, identifying the inherent elements and characteristics of the intellectual commons. Its second part focuses on the elements that constitute the totalities of the intellectual commons. Its third part emphasises their structural tendencies. Finally, the fourth and last part of the chapter deals with the various manifestations of the intellectual commons in the domains of culture, science and technology. Overall it proceeds by pointing out the tendencies and manifestations of the intellectual commons in the context of their dialectical interrelation with capital and commodity markets. This chapter is an analysis of the elements of personhood, work, value and community within the intellectual commons, which bear moral significance. It thus constitutes the ontological basis for the normative theory of the intellectual commons developed in the study.
Researching the Social Value of the Intellectual Commons: Methodology and Design
Authors: Broumas Antonios
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to outline the methodology of the author’s research that aims to identify the contemporary manifestations of commonification in the circulation of social value and, thus, grasp the actual formations of the intellectual commons, both offline and online, in the current socio-historical context. This research decrypts the generation, circulation, pooling together and redistribution of social value observed in the intellectual commons communities of the research sample, with the aim of showing the importance of the intellectual commons for social reproduction. This chapter sets out the methodological bases and the design of the research in three sections. The first of these spells out the methodological orientation of the research. The second unveils the design of the research. The third describes the coding process followed in relation to data collected from eight Greek intellectual commons communities, which constitute the sample of the current research. Overall, this chapter lays down the methodological foundations of the research and the framework to used elicit the research findings and conclusions exhibited in the following chapters and thus supports its overall normative argumentation that the intellectual commons have significant moral value, which justifies their independent protection and promotion by the law.
The Social Value of the Intellectual Commons: Commons-Based and Monetary Value Dialectics
Authors: Broumas Antonios
Published: November 2020

What are the characteristics and manifestations of the intellectual commons? This chapter investigates the dialectics between commons-based and monetary values, in an effort to specify the mutual influences between them and to answer this question. It proceeds with an analysis of the dialectics between commons-based and monetary values, as recorded in the study. It also deals with the comparison of value circulation between the offline and online communities of the sample. Its key finding is that commons-based value circuits are in constant contestation with monetary values in communities of the intellectual commons. Furthermore, the chapter offers a view of the actual forms that such contestation takes and its impact on the evolution of the intellectual commons. As a corollary, the current chapter on commons-based and monetary value dialectics reveals that communities of the intellectual commons formulate their own specific modes of value circulation and value pooling, which come into contentious interrelation with the corresponding mode of commodity and capital circulation and accumulation. Such a confrontation at the core of this dialectic permeates and frames the communities of the intellectual commons that are suppressed by the dominant value system of commodity markets and its universal equivalent of value in the form of money. Such pressure, may even lead to the extinction of intellectual commons communities, comes into contradiction with the overall conclusion regarding their social value and potential. Yet communities of the intellectual commons contain and emanate a wealth of social values, which ought to be protected through legal means.
Towards a Normative Theory of the Intellectual Commons
Authors: Broumas Antonios
Published: November 2020

Recapitulating earlier chapters that established the social value of commons-based activity the chapter offers a unified normative theory of the intellectual commons in support of an intellectual commons law. As the normative denouement of the book, this chapter down the foundations for the critical normative theory of the intellectual commons and the moral justification of an intellectual commons law and is structured into six interlinked sections starting with a statement of the basic tenets of a critical normative theory of the intellectual commons. The subsequent four sections examine the normative dimensions of the intellectual commons, i.e. personhood, work, value and community. Concluding sections briefly outline the contours of an intellectual commons law in alignment with the normative evaluations of the chapter. The ethical arguments of the model overall have established the moral grounds and present the framework for a distinct and independent body of law for the protection and promotion of the intellectual commons beyond the inherent limitations of intellectual property law.
The Power of Narratives in Economic Forecasts
Authors: Sharpe Steven A. , Sinha Nitish R. , Hollrah Christopher A.
Published: November 2020

The sentiment, or “Tonality”, extracted from the narratives that accompany Federal Reserve economic forecasts is strongly correlated with future economic performance, positively with GDP and negatively with unemployment and inflation. Moreover, Tonality conveys incremental information in that it predicts errors in both Federal Reserve and private-sector forecasts of GDP, unemployment, and monetary policy up to four quarters out. Tonality similarly predicts stock returns. Tonality is most informative when uncertainty is high and point forecasts predict subpar growth. Quantile regressions indicate that much of Tonality’s forecasting power arises from its signal of downside risks to economic performance and stock returns.
Flora y vegetación del cerro El Águila, Michoacán, México
Authors: Cornejo-Tenorio Guadalupe , Sánchez-García Esther , Flores-Tolentino Mayra , Santana-Michel Francisco J. , Ibarra-Manríquez Guillermo
Published: November 2020

Con base en trabajo de campo realizado entre 2007 y 2010 en el cerro El Águila, la montaña más alta localizada en los municipios de Lagunillas y Morelia, Michoacán, se registraron 105 familias, 343 géneros, 633 especies y 42 taxa infraespecíficos. Las familias más diversas fueron Asteraceae (153 especies), Fabaceae (53) y Poaceae (34). Los géneros con mayor riqueza de especies fueron Salvia (17), Stevia (12) y Verbesina (11). Las especies de hierbas conforman el 72.4% del total de la flora. Se describe la fisonomía y las especies más abundantes de cinco tipos de vegetación. Los bosques de Pinus-Quercus y Quercus son los tipos de vegetación con mayor número de especies (286 y 383, respectivamente). De acuerdo con la NOM-059-ECOL-2010 se consideran cinco Especies Sujetas a Protección Especial ( Cedrela dugesii, Cupressus lusitanica, Dahlia scapigera, Gentiana spathacea y Laelia speciosa ) y una en Peligro de Extinción ( Tilia americana var. mexicana ). Se enfatiza la importancia de coordinar esfuerzos hacia la conservación del cerro El Águila, cuya flora y vegetación se encuentran amenazadas por los cambios de uso de suelo.
Primer registro de Cycnoches ventricosum (Orchidaceae: Catasetinae) para Tabasco, México
Authors: Noguera-Savelli Eliana , Cetzal-Ix William
Published: November 2020

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QUESTÕES E CONTRADIÇÕES DO PROGRAMA MCMV: análise nacional da política pública entre 2009 e 2013
Authors: Almeida Alcantara Naiara Sandi
Published: November 2020

Neste artigo realizou-se uma análise quantitativa de dados secundários da política pública MCMV, entre 2009 e 2013, por intermédio da manipulação do banco de dado da Pesquisa de Satisfação dos Beneficiários do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, lançada pelo Ministério das Cidades (MCIDADES), Secretaria Nacional de Habitação (SNH) e Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA), composta por amostragem representativa de todo o Brasil. As entrevistas foram compostas por questionários estruturados. Objetivou-se desenvolver uma análise sobre o MCMV utilizando como parâmetro a qualidade de vida urbana e o déficit habitacional. Como objetivo secundário, realizou-se uma análise das políticas habitacionais anteriores ao MCMV. Os resultados demonstraram que não há permanência das condições que compõe o déficit habitacional, todavia os beneficiários possuem baixa qualidade de vida urbana.
Prevalence of obesity in women of different ages and its relationship with arterial stiffness
Authors: Ivanova Olga S. , Maychuk Elena Y. , Voevodina Irina V. , Orlov Artemy V.
Published: November 2020

Background. General and abdominal obesity is widespread among women in the Russian population. The relationship between obesity and arterial stiffness, as a predictor of the development of cardiovascular diseases, in women of different ages remains unclear. Aims: to study the relationship between obesity and arterial stiffness and dynamics of central aortic pressure in women of different ages with preserved and lost reproductive function. Methods. 161 women were examined and divided into 3 groups. Two groups included women with preserved reproductive function: group 1 consisted of 52 young women aged from 18 to 30 years (23.8 5.3 years); group 2 included 54 women aged from 31 years to the menopause (41 5.9 years). Group 3 included 55 postmenopausal women (55.4 5.8 years). All the women underwent a clinical examination with anthropometry; questioning; 24-hour monitoring of the dynamics of blood pressure with measuring the indicators of arterial stiffness and daily aortic central pressure; determination of the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV); study of vascular stiffness by volume sphygmography. Results. The anthropometric data in groups 2 and 3 were comparable in terms of the prevalence of general obesity (GO). Abdominal obesity (AO) was detected in 19.2% of the 1st group; 51.9% of the 2nd and 76.4% of the 3rd group. In the 1st group AO had the strongest correlation with the aortic pulse wave velocity PWVao (R = 0.41, p = 0.002) and the corrected to HR75 augmentation index Aixao (R = 0.38, p = 0.005). In the 2nd group AO correlates with cfPWV (R = 0.4, p = 0.003); GO with PWVao (R = 0.38, p = 0.005) and aortic cardio-ankle vascular index CAVIao (R = 0.48, p = 0.001). In the 2nd group AO and GO are also interconnected with the central and peripheral pressure. In the 3rd group AO correlates with PWVao (R = 0.33, p = 0.01), cfPWV (R = 0.32, p = 0.02); GO with the index of the double product IDP (R = 0.36, p = 0.01). Conclusions. Obesity, especially its abdominal type, is an important factor determining the development of vascular wall stiffness in women of the reproductive age. It is necessary to conduct a comprehensive assessment of arterial stiffness and daily dynamics of central aortic pressure in women of all ages, suffering from obesity and, first of all, its abdominal type, in order to early diagnose subclinical changes in the vascular wall and central hemodynamic disorders.
Preventive vaccination of pneumococcal disease under the dissemination of COVID-19
Authors: Nikiforov Vladimir V. , Orlova Natalia V. , Suranova Tatyana G. , Mironov Andrey Yu. , Polezhaeva Natalya A.
Published: November 2020

Under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, special attention should be paid to minimize the morbidity risk of all infections controlled by specific prophylaxis. During preparation for the epidemic season, the organization and conduct of vaccination against influenza and pneumococcal infection is a particularly crucial task of public health. Priority immunization should be provided to patients from epidemiological and social risk groups. This article presents an overview of the data on pneumococcal infection vaccination efficiency in various population groups as well as on its reasonability for preventing superimposed infection development in COVID-19 infection. In addition to children and decreed groups of the adult population, vaccination against pneumococcal infection is indicated for patients with chronic diseases. This enables us to reduce the risk of complications in case of a new coronavirus infection. Particular attention should be paid to immunizing medical personnel, who are at high risk of infection, play a significant role in controlling the pandemic, and need protection. With the continuous spread of COVID-19, vaccination is necessary in compliance with additional measures to ensure safety (patient routing, disinfection intensification in vaccination rooms, etc.).
The clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in mild and ordinary female patients
Authors: Jiang Yaona , Li Yaqing , Yuan Dong , Hou Guanghua
Published: November 2020

AIMS: the aim of study was to explore the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in mild and ordinary patients, providing guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four patients with positive results of nucleic acid testing were divided into two groups, called the youth group and the older group, to be compared the differences of clinical characteristics.
RESULTS: Sixty-nine cases showed normal or decrease in white blood cell count (WBC). One case decreased in lymphocyte count (LYMPH). Seven cases decreased in lymphocyte proportion (LYMPH%). Seven cases increased in C-reactive protein (CRP). Sixteen cases increased in alanine transaminase (ALT). Nineteen cases increased in aspartate transaminase (AST). One case increased in lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). Six cases decreased in creatine kinase (CK). Three cases increased in globulin (GLOB). Thirty-eight cases decreased in serum creatinine (CRE). Five cases decreased in blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The lung CT scanning results showed no statistic difference between two groups (p 0.05). The level of WBC, NEUT, LDH, BUN, potassium (K+) showed statistic difference between two groups (p ˂ 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Age was a risk factor in COVID-19. In the course of future diagnosis and treatment, blood test might play an increasingly important role.
Effects of Secondary Sources of Underground Nuclear Explosions on the mb : Ms Criterion and Implications for Discrimination of the DPRK’s Nuclear Tests
Authors: Xu Henglei , Ni Sidao , Jin Ping , Ding Shiban , Wang Hongchun
Published: November 2020

The mb :  Ms (mb vs. Ms) relationship is an important criterion for screening explosions from earthquakes and has been widely adopted in seismological monitoring by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization. In general, the earthquakes have larger Ms than the underground explosions with equivalent mb. However, it has been reported that this recognition criterion failed to identify some explosions at the North Korea nuclear test site. In this study, we investigate the potential effects of secondary source components, including the compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) and double-couple (DC) sources, on mb and Ms magnitude measurements and the physical mechanism of the mb :  Ms recognition criterion by calculating synthetic seismograms. The results show an apparent critical body-wave magnitude of 5 when using the mb :  Ms method to discriminate North Korean underground nuclear explosions. The Ms measurements decrease as the CLVD components increase, whereas the effects from the DC source can be neglected. Small events, such as the first five North Korean nuclear tests, generate weak CLVD components, leading to the failure of mb :  Ms-based discrimination, whereas the last event, with a larger magnitude, caused extensive damage and hence can be successfully discriminated. In addition, the large difference between the source spectrum of explosions and those of earthquakes might be another important factor in the successful mb :  Ms-based discrimination of the sixth North Korean nuclear test.
Multisegment Rupture Hazard Modeling along the Xianshuihe Fault Zone, Southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Cheng Jia , Chartier Thomas , Xu Xiwei
Published: November 2020

The Xianshuihe fault is a remarkable strike-slip fault characterized by high slip rate (∼10  mm/yr) and frequent strong historical earthquakes. The potential for future large earthquakes on this fault is enhanced by the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. Previous works gave little attention to the probabilities of multisegment ruptures on the Xianshuihe fault. In this study, we build five possible multisegment rupture combination models for the Xianshuihe fault. The fault slip rates and historical earthquakes are used as input constraints to model the future seismicity on the fault segments and test whether the rupture combination models are appropriate. The segment combination model, based essentially on historical ruptures, has produced the seismicity rates most consistent with the historical records, although the model with ruptures on both the entire northern section and southern section should also be considered. The peak ground acceleration values with a return period of 475 yr calculated using the modeled rates on the Xianshuihe fault for both two models are on average larger than the values of the China Seismic Ground Motion Parameters Zonation Map.
A Computational Tool for Ground-Motion Simulations Incorporating Regional Crustal Conditions
Authors: Tang Yuxiang , Lam Nelson , Tsang Hing-Ho
Published: November 2020

This article introduces a computational tool, namely ground-motion simulation system (GMSS), for generating synthetic accelerograms based on stochastic simulations. The distinctive feature of GMSS is that it has two independently developed upper-crustal models (expressed in the form of shear-wave velocity profiles), which have been built into the program for deriving the frequency-dependent crustal factors, and one of these models was originally developed by the authors. GMSS also has provisions to allow the user to specify their own preferred crustal profile. Sufficient details of both crustal models (forming part of the seismological model) and the accelerogram simulation methodology are presented herein in one article, to allow any person who has programming skills (on a user-friendly platform such as MATLAB, see Data and Resources), to develop their computational tools to implement any further innovations in crustal modeling for direct engineering applications. Crustal properties deep into bedrock can only be accounted for implicitly by conventional ground-motion prediction equation (GMPE) as much depends on the region where the ground motion was recorded. This limitation of existing GMPEs poses a challenge to engineering in regions that are not well represented by any strong-motion database. Toward the end of this article, readers are enlightened with the potential transdisciplinary utility of using GMSS, to facilitate the retrieval and scaling of accelerograms sourced from a database of real earthquake records through the construction of a conditional mean spectrum.
Dead Sea Earthquake-Source Scaling Using Masada Deep Borehole Data
Authors: Hofstetter Abraham , Malin Peter , Ben-Avarahm Zvi
Published: November 2020

The low-noise environment in the Masada deep borehole (MDBI), an abandoned oil well on the western shore of the Dead Sea rift, allows the recordings of many small-magnitude earthquakes. MDBI has a 2 Hz triaxial seismometer installed at a depth of 1256 m below ground and 1516 m below sea level. We used MDBI P- and S-wave data and the general source relationship u(f)=u(0)e−(πft/Q)/[1+(f/f0)2y]1y, in which f0 is corner frequency and 1<y<2, to estimate source parameters for 1031 earthquakes along the Dead Sea fault. The seismic moments, corner frequencies, and source radii as determined by this model show a complete breakdown in earthquake scaling. The spectra of many small earthquakes are characterized by drop-offs of roughly f−2. Q0(P) and Q0(S) increase with event distances up to ∼25  km, beyond which they are ∼1510 and 2285 for p=1 and ∼2040 and 2985 for p=2. For these two end members, the ratio Q0(S)/Q0(P) for distances of 20–150 km has values ranging between 1.3 and 1.4. At shorter distances, this ratio is somewhat higher, indicating that P waves attenuate faster than S waves. The energy versus seismic moment results shows no azimuthal dependence, implying that it is a valid measure of source strength. For the end-member models, this relationship follows E∝M01.35 and E∝M01.49 for the P and S waves, respectively.
“Санкции за нарушение санкций”: принудительные меры Министерства финансов США против компаний финансового сектора
Authors: Тимофеев Иван
Published: November 2020

В России и за рубежом накоплен большой массив литературы, посвященной политике санкций США. Многие работы выполнены в логике “государство – государство”, т.е. рассматривают ограничительные меры как инструмент влияния страны-инициатора на политический курс страны-цели. Однако власти США ведут активную политику и в отношении бизнеса, целью которой является принуждение американских и зарубежных компаний к исполнению режимов санкций США, т.е. в политике санкций присутствует и связка “государство – бизнес”. Она исследована в гораздо меньшей степени, между тем бизнес может сыграть важную роль в эффективности санкций, способствуя или препятствуя изоляции стран-целей. Для самого бизнеса режимы санкций представляют серьезный политический риск: их нарушение может привести к материальным и репутационным потерям. Особенно уязвим финансовый сектор. В работе изучается практика использования штрафных мер Министерством финансов США против финансовых компаний. Выявлены следующие закономерности: (1) финансовый сектор наиболее уязвим в силу значительного числа и широкого охвата совершаемых трансакций; часто к нарушениям ведут недостатки систем внутреннего контроля соблюдения режимов санкций; (2) большинство компаний допускают нарушения непреднамеренно; (3) банки не спешат добровольно раскрывать нарушения, но сотрудничают с властями США, совершенствуя систему отслеживания возможных нарушений. Это говорит об эффективности американских властей в принуждении международного финансового сектора к соблюдению режимов ограничений, а значит и поддержке финансовой блокады стран, находящихся под санкциями США. Выводы проверяются на основе анализа 54 случаев штрафных мер против финансовых компаний в 2009-2020 гг. Они сравниваются с закономерностями аналогичных штрафов по выборке из 215 случаев по всем секторам экономики за тот же период.
Государство во временах и пространствах: многообразие и изменчивость
Authors: Валентинович Владимир
Published: November 2020

Дестабилизация мировой политики последнего десятилетия актуализирует задачу более глубокого и комплексного понимания природы современного государства и возможности его адаптации к переменам, происходящим как в сфере межгосударственных отношений, так и в вопросах внутренней политики – взаимоотношения государственного аппарата с национальным политическим сообществом, т.е. за пределами и в пределах легитимного территориального контроля государства. Очевидным и во многих отношениях незаменимым подспорьем в решении этой задачи представляется переведенная в прошлом году на русский язык фундаментальная монография Боба Джессопа “Государство: прошлое, настоящее и будущее” (B. Jessop. The State: Past, Present, Future. Cambridge: Polity. 2016). В силу своей многоплановости в настоящей статье монография Джессопа неизбежно получит лишь частичное отражение, притом под, очевидно, субъективным углом зрения и в формате свободного размышления. Целью статьи является привлечение внимания читателей к этому ценнейшему ресурсу концептуализации и полиморфического анализа государства как по-прежнему ключевого понятия политической науки. Свой оригинальный (стратегически-реляционный, как Джессоп его называет) подход к этому феномену нашего политического воображения он сочетает с критическим анализом иных, широко распространенных подходов (марксизма, либерализма, консерватизма, реализма и неореализма). Фактически он предлагает метод фундаментального синтеза этих подходов, выводящий на новое качество политического анализа. Историзм, компаративизм, общемировой контекст и эволюционирующая природа государственности – вот основа этого альтернативного подхода к системному изучению государства и государственной власти. Почти конвенциональное в современной политической науке представление о современном государстве как таковом, – включающем его фундаментальные институционально разделенные составляющие, а также интегрирующие его принципы, – описывает, согласно Джессопу, лишь частный случай государства капиталистического типа. Наряду с таким, по сути “идеализированным”, государством существуют и эффективно обеспечивают интересы своих политических сообществ государства иного рода, которым присущи далеко не все нормативные, согласно канонам политической науки, характеристики институционального строя и принципы организации единого социального, экономического и политического бытия.
KEYPOINT DETECTOR RETRAINING TECHNIQUES FOR THE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM OF SIGN LANGUAGE SPEAKERS
Authors: CHAGANAVA Guram , KAKULİA David
Published: November 2020

The study described in this article examines the approaches of retraining of the deep learning model for hand palm keypoint detection in images. This is one of the studies conducted to create an innovative communication system for sign language speakers. The target of the given study is to find an optimal technique of retraining for increasing the degree of the keypoint detector generalization. So, it must be able to accurately detect keypoints in images it has not seen during training. It will make the communication system usable in real-life conditions.

In the article, there are reviewed three approaches of retraining: Retraining in series, retraining using ‘united’ dataset and retraining using mixed datasets. Experiments were conducted to test the effectiveness of each of them. The paper presents the results of the experiments and a relatively optimal method selected among them.
Effect of prepubertal and postpubertal long-term exposure to the mild dose of soybean seeds on the tissue and function of thyroid gland in albino rat
Authors: M. Abdul-Ridha Siham , H. Baraaj Abed
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of long-term exposure to the mild dose of soybean seeds on the tissue and some physiological parameters of the thyroid gland in the prepubertal and postpubertal life stages. Twenty four Sprague-Dawley albino male rats were divided into four groups (n=6); control rats at the prepubertal life stage; prepubertal rats treated with 20% soybean seeds of daily diet for 40 days after the weaning; normal control rats, at the postpubertal stage; and postpubertal rats, were treated with 20% soybean seeds. Morphmetrical, histological and physiological changes were examined. Consumption of mild dose of soybean seeds along the prepubertal life stage showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in the height of follicular cell, significant increase (P<0.05) in the diameter of follicular lumen and ratio of cold follicles, slightly non-significant decline in (T3 and T4) hormones levels and significant increment (P<0.05) in body weight, while at postpuberty, long-term exposure for the same dose of soybean seeds showed significant increase in the height of follicular cell (P<0.05), significant decrease (P<0.05) in the diameter of follicular lumen and ratio of cold follicles caused hyperactivity of the thyroid, significant decline (P<0.05) in (T3 and T4) hormones levels and slightly non-significant increment (P<0.05) in body weight. We concluded that the long-term exposure to the mild dose of the soybean affect adversely the tissue and function of the thyroid at both life stages, pre- and postpuberty.
Unusual combination and existence of hemolytic anemias; Thalassemia and G6PD deficient anemia in female patient
Authors: Rajooj Hmood khadeejh
Published: November 2020

Beta-thalassemia intermedia exhibits feature of ineffective erythropoiesis and hemolytic anemia. Diagnosis can be made via hemoglobin electrophoresis. G6PD deficiency is an X-linked recessive disorder commonly affecting males while females are carrier. Diagnosis is made by measuring G6PD level. A 19-year old pregnant lady, known case of β-thalassemia intermedia, had been presented with episode of acute hemolytic anemia. Investigations were highly suggestive of G6PD deficient anemia. This was confirmed with low G6PD level. Back to her immediate history, consumption of broad bean was ascertained. After appropriate therapy, the patient felt better and her medical derangement was normalized. She delivered normally and kept on life-long folic acid therapy. The importance of recording such a case report is to expect unusual combination of hemolytic anemia despite the uncommon finding of X-linked recessive disorder in women. This was the first case recorded in Karbala province
The cardioprotective potential of Tadalafil in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion
Authors: Abdulzahra Ahmed Ali
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study is to assess the potential protective effect of Tadalafil on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury induced by LAD ligation, 28 male rats were randomized into 4 groups (7 rats per group); Sham, rats underwent the same anesthetic and surgical procedure except for LAD ligation; control, rats underwent LAD ligation for 30 minutes and reperfusion for 2 hours; vehicle, rats treated with 10% DMSO, the Tadalafil solvent 30 minutes before the ligation; Tadalafil group, rats pretreated with Tadalafil1mg/kg i.p 30 minutes before ligation. In control group, as compared with sham, tissue TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, caspase-3 and BAX, plasma cTn-T and serum MDA significantly increased (P<0.05), while serum GSH significantly decreased (P<0.05). Histopathologically, control group showed a significant cardiac injury (P<0.05) compared with sham group. Tadalafil significantly counteracted (P<0.05) the increase of TNF-α, IL-6, caspase-3 and BAX and counteracted the increase in plasma cTn-T and serum MDA. Tadalafil produces a significant elevation (P<0.05) in cardiac IL-10 and serum GSH with significant reduction in (P<0.05) cardiac injury. In We concluded that Tadalafil attenuates myocardial I/R injury in male rats through interfering with inflammatory reactions and apoptosis .
Lung ultrasound as modality in diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants
Authors: Ahmad Syed Tariq , Parihar Anil , Bhat Aijaz Ahmad , Wani Nisar Ahmad
Published: November 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in newborn infants.Methods: From April 2019 to March 2020, all newborns admitted in neonatal intensive care unit within 72 hours of life having suspection of RDS on the basis of clinical features were enrolled in study. A total of 59 newborns were included in our study irrespective of gestational age and birth weight.Results: According to the findings of chest X-ray, there were 10 cases of grade I RDS, 16 grade II cases, 12 grade III cases, and 6 grade IV cases. Lung ultrasound was performed at bedside by a single expert. The ultrasound indexes observed in this study included pleural line, A-line, B-line, lung consolidation, air bronchograms, bilateral white lung, interstitial syndrome, lung sliding, lung pulse, comet tail artifacts etc. In our study it was found that ultrasound sonography (USG) chest has a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 93.33% in diagnosing RDS which is consistent with other studies. In our study it was found that USG chest has a positive predictive value of 97.78%, negative predictive value of 100% and diagnostic accuracy of 98.31% for diagnosis of RDS.Conclusion: This study indicates that using an ultrasound to diagnose neonatal RDS is accurate and reliable tool. A lung ultrasound has many advantages over other techniques. Ultrasound is non-ionizing, low-cost, easy to operate, and can be performed at bedside, can be repeated several times in a day making this technique ideal for use in NICU.
Prevalence and risk factors of dysnatremia in sick newborns admitted in neonatal intensive care unit: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hassan Farogh , Kumar Vasanth N. , Asghar Imran , Jha Lata , Choudhury Indranil
Published: November 2020

Background: The objective of the study was to study the prevalence and various risk factors of dysnatremia in sick newborns admitted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods: Cross sectional study conducted in Paediatric Department of tertiary care hospital from February 2016 to October 2016 which includes 384 neonates admitted to NICU during the study period. After informed consent, detailed history was taken and clinical examination carried out in both cases and controls. Blood investigations were done to diagnose sodium levels in sick neonates. Based on the corrected sodium values, the subjects were classified as having hyponatremia (serum sodium <135 meq/l), hypernatremia (serum sodium >145 meq/l) or normonatremia (serum sodium 135 to 145 meq/l).Results: The mean (SD) (range) serum sodium in sick newborns measured was 136.72 (6.7) (115-165) meq/l at a median (range) age of 56.97 (1-545) hours. Out of 384 sodium values obtained, 285 (74.2%) were sent on ≤3 days, 64 (16.7%) between 4th to the 6th day and 35 (9.1%) were sent on ≥7 days. The overall frequency of dysnatremia in 384 sodium values from 384 patients was 142 (37%). Hyponatremia was observed in 117 (30.5%) and hypernatremia in 25 (6.5%) of sodium values. Hyponatremia observed in term, low birth weight, very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight neonates were 16.4%, 25.2%, 67.2% and 100% respectively whereas hypernatremia were 10.1%, 4.6%, 3.4% and 0% respectively. Various risk factors for hyponatremia namely; prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, renal failure, birth asphyxia, sepsis, meningitis, vomiting/ nasogastric drainage.Conclusions: Hyponatremia are common in sick newborns in NICU.