bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Pulpotomy in Permanent Teeth with Irreversible Pulpitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ather Amber , BDS Biraj Patel , Gelfond Jonathan A. L. , Ruparel Nikita B.
Published: June 2022

Treatment planning is key to clinical success. Permanent teeth diagnosed with “irreversible pulpitis” have long been implied to have an irreversibly damaged dental pulp that is beyond repair and warrantingroot canal treatment. However, newer clinical approaches such as pulpotomy, a minimally invasive and biologically based procedure have re-emerged to manage teeth with pulpitis. The aim of the study was to conduct a meta-analysis to comprehensively estimate the overall success rate of pulpotomy in permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Articles were searched using PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases, until January 2021. Outcomes were calculated by pooling the success rates with a random effect model. A total of 1,116 records were retrieved and 11 studies were included in the quantitative analysis. The pooled success rate for pulpotomy in teeth with irreversible pulpitis was 86% [95% CI: 0.76–0.92; I2 = 81.9%]. Additionally, prognostic indicators of success were evaluated. Stratification of teeth based on 1.) symptoms demonstrated that teeth with symptomatic and asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis demonstrated success rate of 84% and 91% respectively, with no significant difference (p = 0.18) using z-score analysis; 2.) open apex teeth demonstrated a significantly greater success rate (96%) compared to teeth with closed apex (83%) (p = 0.02), and 3.) pulp capping materials demonstrated that Biodentine demonstrated significantly better success rates compared to Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), calcium hydroxide, and Calcium Enriched Mixture (CEM.) Collectively, this is the first meta-analytical study to determine accurate prediction of clinical outcomes of pulpotomy for teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Moreover, we identify the stage of root development and type of biomaterial as predictors for success of pulpotomy.
Effects of steam on polysaccharides from Polygonatum cyrtonema based on saccharide mapping analysis and pharmacological activity assays
Authors: Chen Zherui , Zhu Baojie , Zhao Jing , Chen Zhixin , Cao Wen , Wang Junqiao , Li Shao-ping
Published: June 2022

Background: Polygonatum cyrtonema, one of origins of Polygonata Rhizoma (HuangJing in Chinese), is traditionally steamed repeatedly before being used as herbal medicine in China. However, there had no standardization of steaming of HuangJing. Therefore, comprehensive study for effects of steam on polysaccharide from Polygonatum cyrtonema based on saccharide mapping, a powerful method developed for polysaccharides analysis, and pharmacological activity are still necessary in order to explore the effect of steam on the physiochemical and biological activities of its polysaccharides and determine the standard for Polygonatum cyrtonema.Methods: To explore the effect of steam on the physiochemical and biological activities of P. cyrtonema polysaccharides (PCP), six polysaccharides named PCP0, PCP1, PCP2, PCP3, PCP4 and PCP5 were extracted from the herb consecutively steamed for 0 to 5 times, respectively. Their molecular weight distribution, monosaccharide composition and PACE fingerprints were investigated through HPSEC-MALLS-RID, HPAEC-PAD and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and HPTLC, respectively. In addition, their antioxidant ability and immunostimulatory activities on RAW 264.7 cells in term of NO production and phagocytosis were compared.Results: Results suggested that molecular weights could be changed during steam, which increased by first steaming and then decreased with further steaming though all polysaccharides molecular weight were 105-107 Da. They all showed irregularly spherical conformation in aqueous solution based on AFM imaging. Monosaccharide composition and PACE fingerprints was significantly different after steaming, i.e., galactose increased while glucose and mannose decreased, and β-1,4-Galp appeared while β-1,4-manp increased after steaming. Steamed PCP significantly increased scavenging activity against ABTS radicals, while PCP0 had better immunostimulatory effect on RAW 264.7 in terms of NO production and phagocytosis.Conclusions: In summary, steam significantly affected the chemical composition and bioactivities of polysaccharides from P. cyrtonema. Considering the conflict results of steaming on antioxidant and immunopotentiation activities of PCP, 2 times of continuously steam is the optimal choice under the modern process condition.
Application of antibodies-detection rapid diagnostic test for determination of seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Kldiashvili Ekaterina , Iordanishvili Saba , Shotadze Tamar , Lomidze Mariam
Published: June 2022

Objectives
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection originated from China in December 2019 and rapidly spread worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 posed a major challenge for global public health. It is well known that SARS-CoV-2 infection is followed by an immune response and formation of antibodies. Thus, determination of infection seroprevalence can provide important information on SARS-CoV-2 and contribute to proper organization of public health measures. Our study aimed to investigate the possibility of rapid tests application for determination of seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Results
70 serum samples with determined IgG against nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 by enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) method were tested by application of rapid immunochromatographic test for the qualitative detection of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. It has been revealed that by both methods: a) 21 (77.8%) samples are negatives; b) 23 (67.7%) samples are positive; and c) 3 (33.3%) equivocal by ELISA method samples are positive by rapid test, although 6 (66.7%) equivocal by ELISA method samples are negative by rapid test. By consideration of these data we assumed that rapid test for qualitative detection of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 can be used as screening method for determination of seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Analysis of the tribological and dynamic performance of the self-adaptation water-lubricated stern bearing
Authors: He Tao , Zhongliang Xie , Yang Kang , Jiao Jian
Published: June 2022

According to the design requirements of load equalization and vibration reduction for the stern bearing, a water-lubricated stern bearing with self-adaptation capacity is proposed. The bearing is mainly composed of three parts: the bearing bush, the elastic element and the damping alloy. The elastic element is used to realize static and dynamic load sharing of the stern bearing, reduce the edge effect of the stern bearing, and make the contact pressure evenly distributed in the axial direction, thereby improving the service life of the bearing and reducing the frictional excitation of the bearing. Damping alloy is used to attenuate the shaft vibration transmission from the bearing to the foundation, so as to optimize the vibration transmission characteristics. The revised lubrication models for such bearings are put forward. By analyzing the vibration characteristics of the stern bearing, the results show that the vibration transmission characteristics of the thruster excited to the bearing node are optimized, and the vibration response at the first-order fixed frequency is significantly reduced. A moderate increase in the support stiffness of the foundation can significantly reduce the vibration response of the bearing.
The Inequities of Global Adaptation to Climate Change
Authors: Lovell Knox , Lovell J. E. , Edmonds H. K.
Published: June 2022

With efforts to mitigate climate change lagging behind what is necessary to achieve Paris Agreement global warming targets, adaptation to current and anticipated future climate conditions becomes increasingly urgent. This study provides a novel composite adaptation index to assess the relative adaptation performance of nations, using two complementary techniques, a distance to frontier analysis and a dominance analysis. Adaptation performance is closely and positively related to both national income per capita and national greenhouse gas emissions per capita, highlighting global adaptation inequities consistent with the IPCC assessment that nations most affected by climate change are those that are least able to adapt and contribute least to the problem.
Diversity of aphantasia revealed by multiple assessments of the capability for multi-sensory imagery
Authors: Takahashi Junichi , Saito Godai , Omura Kazufumi , Yasunaga Daichi , Sugimura Shinichiro , Sakamoto Shuichi , Horikawa Tomoyasu , Gyoba Jiro
Published: June 2022

Aphantasia is a characteristic in which people with normal perception have difficulty constructing their imagination. Most previous studies have used the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ), with some using self-identification of the absence of visual imagery, but there is a discrepancy between the proportions of aphantasia in the population calculated by these two criteria. It is unclear why this difference exists and how many people actually cannot form imagery. Moreover, because visual imagery is mainly focused upon, other types of aphantasia, relating to multi-sensory imagery, have not been fully investigated. We conducted an online sampling with a large number of participants (N = 2,885) to compare the proportions of aphantasia calculated by these two visual criteria, obtaining data from the same participants, and investigate the cognitive profile of multi-sensory imagery. The participants completed the VVIQ and Questionnaire upon Mental Imagery (QMI) and self-identified an absence of visual imagery. The proportions were 3.67% under the VVIQ criteria (VVIQ ≤ 32) and 12.24% under the self-identification of the absence of visual imagery criteria, roughly replicating the proportions of previous reports. Combining these visual criteria, in the group for low VVIQ (VVIQ ≤ 32), some participants showed the absence of all sensory imagery, while others showed specifically an absence of visual imagery. Individuals with aphantasia, identified by visual criteria, may have been mixed with those experiencing multi-sensory aphantasia. Our present study indicates that visual criteria are not sufficient to define multiple types of aphantasia and proposes that evaluations with multi-sensory imagery may help further characterize aphantasia for other types of sensory modality.
Polydopamine-based Polysaccharide Materials for Water Treatment
Authors: Liu Fangfei , Jamal Ruxangul , Abdiryim Tursun , Liu Xiong
Published: June 2022

Low-cost polysaccharides, such as cellulose, chitosan, chitin and alginate, have come into people’s sight for water treatment. Nevertheless, their treatment efficiency and capability are sometimes unsatisfactory because of the lack of active sites and functionalities. In recent years, more and more attentions have been paid to the integration of polydopamine (PDA) into polysaccharide-based materials to develop high-performance products for wastewater treatment. PDA modification can endow polysaccharides with plentiful functional moieties (including catechol, amine, and phenyl groups) for binding heavy metals and organic pollutants. PDA coatings may increase interfacial stability and hydrophilicity for oil/water separation. PDA also may anchor various catalysts for catalytic degradation of organic pollutants. Furthermore, the good light-harvesting capability and photothermal transformation feature of PDA are available for solar-driven water purification. This review aims to give the comprehensive overview on the development of PDA-based polysaccharide materials for water treatment. PDA-based polysaccharide materials can be made into cost-effective and high-performance products (including hydrogels, aerogels, membrane, beads and nanocomposites) for adsorption of heavy metals and organic pollutants, oil/water separation, catalytic degradation of organic pollutants, and solar-driven water purification. This review will give a valuable information for the design and exploitation of PDA-based polysaccharide materials in water treatment.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Inhaled Versus Infused Milrinone in the Management of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension in Infants in Resource-Limited Settings A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Choobdr Farhad Abolhasan , Shahhoseini Peyman , Vahedi Zahra , Khosravi Nastaran , Khalesi Nasrin , Ghassemzadeh Maral
Published: June 2022

Background: Standard treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension in neonates (PPHN) is inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), which is not available in Iran. Consequently, other drugs such as milrinone are prescribed. So far, no study has investigated the effect of inhaled milrinone on the management of PPHN.Our study was designed for better management of PPHN in the absence of iNO.Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, neonates with PPHN admitted Neonatal intensive care unit of Hazrat Ali Asghar and Akbarabadi hospitals were treated with intravenous dopamine infusion and randomly divided into two groups receiving injectable and inhaled milrinone. Neonates were evaluated by Doppler echocardiography, clinical status, and oxygen demand. Patients were also evaluated for clinical symptoms and mortality during follow-up. Results: A total of 31 infants with median age of 2 days (IQR: 4) were studied. There was a significant decrease in peak and mean pulmonary arterial pressure in both inhalation and infusion group following milrinone administration, with no statistical difference. (P=0.584 and 0.147, respectively). There was no significant difference among the frequency of tricuspid regurgitation and systolic blood pressure before and after treatment among two groups. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly lower in infusion group after treatment (P=0.020), however, the amount of decrease was not statistically significant among two groups (P=0.928). Overall, 83.9% achieved full recovery, of which 75% were among infusion groups while 93.3% were among inhalation group. (P=0.186)Conclusion: Inhaled milrinone can have similar effects with injected milrinone as an adjunct in the management of PPHN. Also, the results indicate similar safety for both intravenous and inhaled prescriptions. . Trial registration: IRCT code of this RCT trial is iIRCT20220130053890N1 and its Ethical verification code is IR.IUMS.FMD.REC.1400.493.
Applying Machine Learning to create a Surrogate Model for Adaptive Control of Optical Amplifier
Authors: Freitas Leandro , Silva Allan da , Barboza Erick , Bastos-Filho Carmelo , Martins-Filho Joaquim
Published: June 2022

The Adaptive Control of the optical amplifier Operating Point (ACOP) is one of the problems presented in the challenge of Dynamic operation in optical communication networks. The ACOP approaches aim to define the gains of the optical amplifiers dynamically to increase the transmission quality after a cascade of amplifiers. The most recent ACOP approach uses a multi-objective evolutionary optimization algorithm to define the gains of the amplifiers to maximize the Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) and minimize OSNR ripple. Despite the promising results regarding Quality of Transmission, relying on an evolutionary algorithm to make decisions in real-time is not desirable because its iterative method usually implies a high execution time. In previous work, we proposed a surrogate model that can obtain solutions as good as the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm but in less time. We considered five Machine Learning (ML) regression techniques, trained with the optimization algorithm solutions. This article extends the previous work by experimenting with different link lengths, analyzing how the solution is impacted given different numbers of amplifiers on the link. Results showed that the regression median error is less than 1 dB for all cases. One regressor can be used to define amplifiers' gains and variable optical attenuators' losses of an entire optical link. It also showed that the most straightforward regressor is 28,000 times faster than the evolutionary optimization approach.
Utilizing Implementation Science to Identify Barriers and Facilitators to Implementing Harm Reduction Services in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA)
Authors: Harvey Leah , Sliwinski Samantha K. , Flike Kimberlee , Boudreau Jacqueline , Gifford Allen L. , Branch-Elliman Westyn , Hyde Justeen
Published: June 2022

Background: Rising rates of substance use, particularly the use of synthetic opioids, have led to increases in fatal overdoses and injection-associated infections. Harm reduction, including infection prevention via provision of educational interventions and sterile syringes and other supplies, is an approach to minimize risk of severe outcomes. Although harm reduction services (HRS) are highly evidence-based, implementation in most healthcare settings has been limited. The aim of this study was to identify facilitators and barriers to the implementation of HRS to inform strategies for increasing access and facilitating the adoption of a comprehensive bundle of harm reduction resources within the VHA. Methods:Qualitative interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. Interviews explored how harm reduction is currently understood and implemented by VHA providers and elicited input on perceived facilitators and barriers to implementation. Data were analyzed using a directed content analysis. After barriers and facilitators were identified, they were mapped to relevant implementation strategies using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research - Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (CFIR – ERIC) tool. Results:15 interviews with VHA providers (physicians, social workers, pharmacists, and directors of addiction and mental health services) were conducted across 5 sites. Multiple barriers and few facilitators to the provision of HRS were identified. Existing HRS were thought to be fragmented and dependent on the knowledge, time, and comfort level of individual providers. Participants also highlighted stigma around substance use, limited support, and burdensome regulatory requirements. Existing infrastructure, social programming, and local champions were highlighted as facilitators. Given these factors, implementation strategies that may be bundled to promote adoption of HRS include engagement of champions, communications and educational strategies, existing policies, and creation of dashboards, tracking, and feedback systems. Conclusions: HRS are effective and evidence-based, yet their adoption into traditional healthcare settings has been limited. Mapping of barriers to evidence-based implementation strategies may help improve integration of HRS into VHA healthcare, however, challenges addressing stigma remain a substantial barrier. More research is needed to identify implementation strategies that are most effective for addressing barriers imposed by stigma.
Naturally-aged microglia exhibit phagocytic dysfunction accompanied by gene expression changes reflective of underlying neurologic disease
Authors: Thomas Alyssa L. , Lehn Maria A. , Janssen Edith M. , Hildeman David A. , Chougnet Claire A.
Published: June 2022

Age-associated microglial dysfunction contributes to the accumulation of amyloid-b (Ab) plaques in Alzheimer’s disease. Although several studies have shown age-related declines in the phagocytic capacity of myeloid cells, relatively few have examined phagocytosis of normally aged microglia. Furthermore, much of the existing data on aging microglial function have been generated in accelerated genetic models of Alzheimer’s disease. Here we found that naturally aged microglia phagocytosed less Ab over time. To gain a better understanding of such dysfunction, we assessed differences in gene expression between young and old microglia that either did or did not phagocytose Ab. Young microglia had both phagocytic and neuronal maintenance signatures indicative of normal microglial responses, whereas, old microglia, regardless of phagocytic status, exhibit signs of broad dysfunction reflective of underlying neurologic disease states. We also found downregulation of many phagocytic receptors on old microglia, including TREM2, an Ab phagocytic receptor. TREM2 protein expression was diminished in old microglia and loss of TREM2+microglia was correlated with impaired Ab uptake, suggesting a mechanism for phagocytic dysfunction in old microglia. Combined, our work reveals that normally aged microglia have broad changes in gene expression, including defects in Ab phagocytosis that likely underlies the progression to neurologic disease.
Mechanical and microstructure analysis of sustainable concrete using paper waste
Authors: Chandar S. Prakash , Gunasekaran K. , Ravichandran P.T
Published: June 2022

This research work carried out the employment of waste, paper as an additive material in concrete. The mixture of waste material like adding waste paper as a partial additive to the weight of the cement required in the concrete mix. This research focuses on the study of microstructure analysis, and mechanical properties. Also develop the correlation between the microstructure analysis, and mechanical properties. The waste paper with the concrete achieves strength due to the presence of hydrogen bonds, in the microstructure of paper. The waste paper has comparatively less in cost with other alternative building materials. The quantity of waste paper used in concrete after the saturated surface dryness test (SSD) is 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The optimum percentage of waste paper addition in concrete is 10% and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) image shows that the C-S-H formation for proper bonding in concrete. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) image depicts the crystallographic structure of waste paper with concrete. The waste paper added in concrete compound helps to reduce the waste in the environment.
Tinea Capitis in Combination with Tinea of the Eyebrow Due to Microsporum Canis
Authors: zeng jing , Shan Baihui , Guo Lu , Li Fuqiu
Published: June 2022

We reported a case of tinea capitis in combination with tinea of the eyebrow due to Microsporum canis. Bright green fluorescence was observed on areas of both his scalp and his left eyebrow under Wood’s lamp. Dermoscopy revealed comma hairs, barcode-like hairs, white sheaths, a coiled hair on his left eyebrow and a barcode-like hair, white sheaths on his scalp. Microsporum canis were isolated from the fungal culture of both his scalp and his left eyebrow. The boy was cured after treatment with oral itraconazole and topical terbinafine for 4 weeks.
A novel method for improving damage detectability in nonlinear wave modulation: Modeling and design of a driving system
Authors: Sepehry Naserodin , Asadi Sina , Ehsani Mohammad , Zhu Weidong , Nejad Firooz Bakhtiari
Published: June 2022

Nonlinear wave modulation (NWM) is a nonlinear health monitoring technique that allows for the early detection of minor faults and damages. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel, low-cost and portable device to improve the damage index (DI) in the NWM. 2D spectral ﬁnite element method is used to model the electromechanical coupling between piezoelectric patches, an inductor and a structure in a feasibility study. In the simulation, an inductor is attached to each actuator to compare the results with those without an inductor. A speciﬁc inductance value is selected for the piezoelectric transducer to achieve resonance, which results in an increased voltage amplitude. A circuit that is inexpensive and portable has been designed and implemented. The results of two experimental setups, an aluminum beam with boundary loosening and a sandwich panel with bolt loosening as damage, are compared with those of the NWM without an inductor. The average of sidebands as a DI is then compared for various frequency combinations using the two NWM techniques i.e. with and without an inductor.
Determination of Risk Awareness and Knowledge Levels of First Degree Relatives of Colorectal Cancer Patients; The Case of Turkey
Authors: TEMIZ Gamze , DOGER Berna Nur BERKER , AKIN Semiha , BAYRAM Zeyno
Published: June 2022

Background
Since genetic factor is an important factor in the occurrence of cancer in colorectal cancer, risk awareness and knowledge level of first-degree relatives of patients with colorectal cancer is very important in cancer prevention.
Aim
This study was conducted to determine the knowledge level of first-degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients about colorectal cancer and their awareness of colorectal cancer risk factors.
Method
This is a descriptive study. 251 patients undergoing chemotherapy with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer in a university hospital constituted the sample of the study. The data were obtained by face-to-face interview method using the Information Form and the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Knowledge and Awareness Levels of Colorectal Cancers.
Results
The mean score of the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Knowledge and Awareness Levels of Colorectal Cancers was found to be 10.61 ± 5.65. This score indicated that individuals undergoing chemotherapy with a family history of colorectal cancer had a moderate level of knowledge and awareness about colorectal cancer. Two-thirds of the participants reported that they had knowledge that diabetes, obesity, lifestyle, smoking and alcohol use increased the risk of colorectal cancer.
Conclusion
The results revealed that It was observed that elderly, low educated, male and rural-dwelling participants needed more education on improving the level of knowledge and awareness about colorectal cancers.
Implications for Practice:
In order to prevent colorectal cancer and reduce the burden of disease, it is seen that first-degree patient relatives need to be more conscious and educated.
Design, synthesis, characterization, catalytic, fluorometric sensing, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Schiff base ligand capped AgNPs
Authors: Suneetha G. , Manjari P. Sunitha
Published: June 2022

In recent days, the usage of biological and non-biological pollutants increases and it poses a significant threat to environmental and biological systems. Therefore, the present aim is to develop effective methods to treat such pollutants by using highly stable and small-sized Schiff base ligand capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with a face-centered cubic (fcc) crystalline structure and the size range is 5–10 nm. The potent role of the resulting synthesized AgNPs was found as multiple platforms such as catalyst, sensor, antioxidant, and antimicrobial disinfectant. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized through UV–vis spectroscopy, PL, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM. The FTIR spectrum of AgNPs exhibited the interacted functional groups of Schiff base and size was estimated by XRD and TEM. AgNPs were able to catalytically degrade approximately 95% of methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB), and eosin Y (EY) dyes within 80 min of reaction time using NaBH4. The fluorometric sensor studies of synthesized AgNPs showed selective sensing of the potentially hazardous Fe2+ ion in water. As an antimicrobial agent, the AgNPs are effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; as well as fungi, with the zones of clearance as approximately compatible with standard drugs. The AgNPs displayed a greater ability to scavenge free radicals, especially DPPH when compared with AgNPs and ascorbic acid. Thus, the results of this study validate the triple role of AgNPs derived via a simple synthesis as a catalyst, sensor, antioxidant, and antimicrobial agent for effective environmental remediation.
Wheat plant –Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) interaction to alleviate the salt stress in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Omar Nabil , iBRAHIM Nahed , Eltahlawy Yasser , El-Egami Hend , serry Soad , Bishara Mounira
Published: June 2022

Posing a great potential of utilizing Plant Growth promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) as a promising alternative to alleviate salinity. Purpose: The aim of the current work is to illustrates the mechanistic basis of PGPRs-triggered salinity tolerance in wheat crops. Methods: Two experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Center (ARC), 2021-2022, to evaluate the interaction between wheat plant var.Misr1 and two bacterial strains as PGPR namely, Azospirillum brasilense NO40 and Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt ). One experiment were done in the Laboratory and the second was in the greenhouse. In the laboratory, the staining technique utilizing a spermosphere model was employed in order to detect the colonization efficiency of applied bacteria on wheat seedling roots under sterilized and saline conditions. Results: The date showed the red color of the wheat seedling roots that resulted from the reduction of 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) to triphenyl formazan (TPF). Intensity of the red color increased as follow; wheat seedling roots inoculated with mixture of A. brasilense and Bt oculated with A. brasilense that inoculated with Bt . The interaction between wheat seedlings and the PGPR that were used in this work was followed up with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The greenhouse experiment was conducted on saline soil from Sahl Elhosynia, north of Egypt, to evaluate the effect of these inoculation on growth, photosynthetic pigments and capacity, proline, dry weight of shoots and roots, some antioxidant and rhizosphere enzymatic activities. That data showed increase in all of that parameters in the wheat seedlings that inoculated with mixture of A, brasilense and Bt followed by that inoculated with A. brasilense alone, then by that inoculated with Bt . In conclusion: our bacterial strains that used in this work as inoculums for wheat plants under saline conditions could alleviate the salt stress in wheat saline soils. The mixture of the two strains A. brasilense and Bt gave the best results. Thus, we can apply this Mix in open field experiment to confirm this data.
Locality Sensitive Hashing-aware Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm and its application in Edge Server Placement
Authors: Cao Qian , Liu Bo , Jin Ying
Published: June 2022

As is well known that global optimization ability of Fruit fly Optimization Algorithm (FOA)is weak because it is easy to fall into local optimum. In this paper a Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm based on Locality Sensitive Hashing-aware (LSHFOA)was proposed. The locality sensitive hashing mechanism to optimize the generation mechanism for swarm population individuals was used, which can improve the individual diversity of the population. Meanwhile, when the fruit fly population falls into local optimum, the locality sensitive hashing mechanism was adopted to change the population location, which is used for jumping out of local optimal limits. To verify the performance of LSHFOA, it was compared with FOA and its improvement algorithms CFOA, and IFFO with 8 representative benchmark functions. A large number of experimental results showed that LSHFOA has a faster convergence speed and higher precision of optimization for function optimization, especially in high-dimensional multi-peak functions. In the end, we apply this new Algorithm to solve the edge server placement (ESP) problem in the edge computing environment, the experimental results show that the new algorithm has excellent application effect.
Calculation error estimation without assuming a theoretical solution in the numerical calculation of the 1D Poisson equation by IFDM
Authors: Fukuchi Tsugio
Published: June 2022

The extreme high-accuracy calculation of the 1D Poisson equation by the interpolation finite difference method (IFDM) is possible. Numerical calculation errors have conventionally been evaluated by comparison with theoretical solutions. However, it is not always possible to obtain a theoretical solution. In addition, when trying to obtain numerical values from the theoretical solution, the exact numerical value may not be obtained because of inherent difficulties, that is, a theoretical solution equal to the exact numerical solution does not hold. In this paper, we focus on an ordered structure of the error calculated by the high-order accuracy finite difference (FD) scheme. This approach clarifies that in the numerical calculation of the 1D Poisson equation, which is the most basic ordinary differential equation, the error of the numerical calculation can be evaluated without comparison with the theoretical solution. Furthermore, in the numerical calculation by the IFDM, not only the discrete solution but also the continuous approximate solution is defined by piecewise interpolation polynomials.
Enhancing Physical Layer Security via Information Hiding and Chaotic Frequency-Hopping Signal
Authors: Fan MingQuan
Published: June 2022

With the development of super computation ability and invention of quantum computer, the conventional calculation quantity based encryption system suffers great impact. Safeguarding data confidentiality in physical layer of wireless satellite communication system has attracted many eyes from academia and industry. In this paper, we propose a groundbreaking revolution method to enhance physical layer security (PLS) by information hiding technique, that is, embedding secret information into chaotic frequency-hopping signal using MFSK modulation. First, secret information to be transmitted is encrypted with chaotic binary sequence. Secondly, according to frequency-hopping pattern, select suitable modulation order and specific frequency corresponding to each encrypted data block under chaotic address sequence. Finally, the encrypted information is embedded into frequency-hopping Sine signal by MFSK modulation. The experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme is robust against various jamming attacks, such as power attenuation, noise adding, single-tone jamming, key exhaustive search, etc.
Molecular Mimicry Between Tumor Associated Antigens and Microbiota-derived Epitopes
Authors: Ragone Concetta , Manolio Carmen , Mauriello Angela , Cavalluzzo Beatrice , Buonaguro Franco M , Tornesello Maria Lina , Tagliamonte Maria , Buonaguro Luigi
Published: June 2022

Background
The gut microbiota profile is unique for each individual and are composed by different bacteria species according to individual birth-to-infant transitions. In the last years, the local and systemic effects of microbiota on cancer onset, progression and response to treatments, such as immunotherapies, has been extensively described. Here we offer a new perspective, proposing a role for the microbiota based on the molecular mimicry of tumor associated antigens by microbiome-associated antigens.
Methods
In the present study we looked for homology between published TAAs and non-self microbiota-derived epitopes. Blast search for sequence homology was combined with extensive bioinformatics analyses.
Results
Several evidences for homology between TAAs and microbiota-derived antigens have been found. Strikingly, three cases of 100% homology between the paired sequences has been identified. The predicted average affinity to HLA molecules of microbiota-derived antigens is very high (< 100nM). The structural conformation of the microbiota-derived epitopes is, in general, highly similar to the corresponding TAA. In some cases, it is identical and contact areas with both HLA and TCR chains are indistinguishable. Moreover, the spatial conformation of TCR-facing residues can be identical in paired TAA and microbiota-derived epitopes, with exactly the same values of planar as well as dihedral angles.
Conclusions
The data reported in the present study show for the first time the high homology in the linear sequence as well as in structure and conformation between TAAs and peptides derived from microbiota species of the Firmicutes and the Bacteriodetes phyla, which together account for 90% of gut microbiota. Cross-reacting CD8+ T cell responses are very likely induced. Therefore, the anti-microbiota T cell memory may turn out to be an anti-cancer T cell memory, able to control the growth of a cancer developed during the lifetime if the expressed TAA is similar to the microbiota epitope. This may ultimately represent a relevant selective advantage for cancer patients and may lead to a novel preventive anti-cancer vaccine strategy.
Efficacy of two different dosages of prednisolone for treatment of subacute thyroiditis: a single-center, prospective, randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Xu Yiqi , Liu Shu , Zeng Xiaofan , Wu Qian , Chen Yueping , He Chunling , Zhai Qing , Zhang Binhua , Gao Jialin
Published: June 2022

Background: The aim of study was to explore the efficacy and safety of low-dose(LD) and regular dose(RD) prednisone (PDN) for treatment of subacute thyroiditis (SAT).Methods: Patients were randomly allocated using the block randomization method to the two groups. The primary outcome was the time required for PDN treatment. Secondary outcomes included percentages of relapse, mean score for the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8©（MMAS-8）, time required for symptoms to resolve, cumulative PDN dose (mg) and mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at 2 weeks and baseline.Results: The study cohort included 45 patients, randomized 40 participants, and 36 completed the study. There was no significant difference in the treatment duration between the LD and RD groups (48.25±11.42vs.53.30±21.85 days, p=0.379). The mean difference in the time required for PDN treatment between the LD and RD groups was -5.05 (95%CI =-16.61 to 6.51) days, which was within the non-inferiority margin of 7 days. There was a significant difference in the mean score for MMAS-8 between the LD and RD groups (5.94± 0.77vs.5.25±1.12, p=0.037). Also, there was a significant difference in the cumulative PDN dose between the LD and RD groups (447.34±156.74vs.964.75±300.83, p=0.0001).The ESR at 2 weeks was statistically significant as compared to baseline values in both groups, with pre-treatment and post-treatment ESRs of 53.60±26.80 and 18.63±15.00/mm/h, (p<0.0001), in the LD group and 64.20±22.06 and 17.00±8.99/mm/h (p<0.0001) in the RD group.Conclusions: Low-dose PDN therapy may be sufficient to achieve complete recovery and better outcomes of SAT.This study is registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100051762).
Approximate Solutions for Nash Differential Games
Authors: Hemeda A. A. , Megahed A. A. , Madkour H. F. A.
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we are concerned with an open-loop Nash differential game. We found the necessary conditions for an open loop Nash equilibrium solution and studied the existence for the solution of the dynamical system of the differential game. Also, we used Picard method to find an approximate solution and the uniform convergence is proved. Finally, we constructed figures for the analysis of the differential game. The results can be applied between economic and financial firms as well as industrial firms.Subject classification: 91A05, 91A10, 91A23, 34A12 and 65L03
The anatomy of the sphenoid sinus and pterygomaxillary junction region in Le Fort I osteotomy
Authors: Ueki Koichiro , Yoshizawa Kunio , Moroi Akinori
Published: June 2022

Purpose.
The purpose of this study was to examine the location and morphology of sphenoid sinus, pterygoid plate and great palatine canal at the pterygomaxillary region in Le Fort I osteotomy.
Method.
The subjects consisted of 144 Japanese patients with jaw deformity patients. Lateral cephalograms and computed tomography (CT) were analyzed for all patients. The measurements of the sphenoid sinus, pterygoid plate and great palatine canal were assessed using 2 bilateral sagittal planes (right and left) involving the great palatine canals and mid-sagittal plane involving ANS and PNS.
Results.
The subjects were divided into three groups (47 class II female, 62 class III female and 35 class III male). Sphenoid sinus existed on the sagittal plane involving the great palatine canal in 81 of 94 sides (86.2%) in class II female, 85 of 124 sides (68.5%) in class III female and 57 of 70 sides (81.4%) male. The distribution was significant difference (P = 0.0386). There was significant difference in the right maxillary sinus length (ML) between class II female and class III female (P = 0.0049). Ramus inclination in cephalometric measurements was selected as a variable related to the vertical distance between the sphenoid sinus wall and PNS (VDS) by stepwise regression analysis (P = 0.003 right, P = 0.0210 left).
Conclusions
. These results suggest that the sphenoid sinus exist more frequently recognized close to superior site of the pterygoid plate in class II female. However, the location of the sphenoid sinus at the pterygomaxillary junction region could not be predicted accurately using cephalometric measurements analysis.
Health Care Personnel’s Perspectives on Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Self-Sampling for Cervical Cancer Screening: A Pre-Implementation, Qualitative Study
Authors: Xiong Serena , Lazovich DeAnn , Hassan Faiza , Ambo Nafisa , Ghebre Rahel , Kulasingam Shalini , Mason Susan , Pratt Rebekah
Published: June 2022

Background: Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) types are well-documented causes of cervical cancer. Since the implementation of cervical cancer screening methods (e.g., Pap tests), cervical cancer rates have declined. However, Pap tests are still unacceptable to many women and require complex infrastructure and training. Self-sampling techniques for collecting HPV specimens (or “HPV self-sampling”) have been proposed as a possible alternative to overcome these barriers. The objective of this study was to understand various health care personnel’s perspectives on the potential implementation of an HPV self-sampling practice in US primary care settings. Methods: Between May – July 2021, a study invitation was emailed to various health care professional networks across the Midwest, including a snowball sampling of these networks. Eligible participants were invited to a 45-60 minute Zoom-recorded interview session and asked to complete a pre-interview survey. The survey collected sociodemographics on age, occupation, level of educational attainment, race/ethnicity, gender, and an awareness of HPV self-sampling. The semi-structured interview was guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and asked participants about their views on HPV self-sampling and its potential implementation. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using NVivo 12. Results: Key informant interviews were conducted with thirty health care professionals - 13 health care providers, 6 clinic staff, and 11 health care leaders - from various health care systems. Most participants had not heard of HPV self-sampling but reported a general enthusiasm for wanting to implement it as an alternative cervical cancer screening tool. Possible barriers to implementation were knowledge of clinical evidence and ease of integration into existing clinic workflows. Potential facilitators included previous adoption of similar self-sampling tools (e.g., stool-based testing kits) and key decision-makers.Conclusion: Although support for HPV self-sampling is growing, its intervention’s characteristics (e.g., advantages, adaptability) and the evidence of its clinical efficacy and feasibility needs to be better disseminated across US primary care settings and its potential adopters. Future research is also needed to support the integration of HPV self-sampling within various delivery modalities (mail-based vs. clinic-based).
Pardosa pseudoannulata mother adopts a compensatory strategy for reproduction deficiency resulting from the suppression of EcR/USP-1-mediated ecdysteroid signaling
Authors: Yang Zhiming , Yan Yangyang , Wu Yong , Yu Na , Liu Zewen
Published: June 2022

Spiders express specific maternal care to their offsprings. The predatory spider Pardosa pseudoannulata mother constructs an eggsac to protect her eggs and juvenile spiderlings. However, here we found that the female spiders ate their eggsacs when ecdysteroid signaling was suppressed. Nuclear receptors (NRs), especially ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (USP), have attracted extensive attention in arthropods because of their pivotal roles in ecdysteroid signaling cascades. An EcR and two USPs were identified in P. pseudoannulata genome. RNAi against EcR and USP-1 restrained the development of spiderlings, such as delaying moulting and decreasing moulting rate. EcR- and USP-1-silenced adult females produced more invalid eggsacs full of nonviable eggs than the control counterpart, and they ate the invalid eggsacs. EcR and USP-1 responded to the changes of ecdysteroid, and CYP307A1 knockdown led to the similar phenotypes to dsEcR and dsUSP-1 treatments. It proposed that EcR/USP-1-mediated ecdysteroid signaling regulated the development and reproduction in P. pseudoannulata. The period of the first reproduction cycle was 17.87 d in the ecdysteroid signaling-suppressed females, which was 7.19 d shorter than that of the control (25.06 d). The result meant that, when the female spiders detected the nonviable eggs in eggsac, they forwardly ate the invalid eggsac to terminate the useless reproduction cycle and start a new cycle by generating a new eggsac. The strategy can partially compensate for the loss of population growth due to the nonviable eggs, and eating the invalid eggsac also provide a compensation for the physiological consumption during the invalid eggsac care.
The imaging and clinical characteristics of patients with immune breakthrough Omicron-variant infected patients, Tianjin China: Is the vaccine effective?
Authors: Chang Junqi , Wang Li , Yu Zhuo , Ji Xiaodong , Wang Hong , Ge Xihong , Gao Guangfeng , Xia Shuang , Xing Zhiheng , Shen Wen
Published: June 2022

Background
The protective effect of the inactivated vaccine against the omicron variant of COVID-19 is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of different vaccination status on omicron infection.
Methods
In this retrospective study, we analyzed patients over 14 years old, and were diagnosed with immune breakthrough Omicron-variant infection between December 2021 and February 2022 in Tianjin, China, as well as data from several previous study infected by other types of SARS-CoV-2. The data were subdivided into three groups: patients with fully, partially and unvaccine. Differences of clinical and imaging characteristics were compared based on the different vaccination status using Pearson Chi-square test, Fisher's accuracy test and non-parametric test. All of the data were also compared with other types of SARS-CoV-2. Logistic regression and mediation effect analysis were used to assess the association between vaccination status and pneumonia progression during hospitalization.
Results
Among the 314 cases of immune breakthrough Omicron-variant infected patients, 21(7%) patients were unvaccinated, 134 (43%) were partially vaccinated, and 159 (50%) were full vaccinated. Among fully vaccinated patients, the proportion of patients with positive CT findings (32%) and CT score 2 (6%) was significantly lower than that of partially vaccinated (46%, 14%) and unvaccinated patients (67%, 19%) (P < 0.05). CT score by vaccination status are similar between Omicron and other types, only partially vaccinated group of Omicron infected patients show lower CT score than other types infected patients (P = 0.005). Increased age and lower IgG levels were associated with the risk of disease progression. IgG level had a complete mediating effect between vaccination status/ days after vaccination and disease progression.
Conclusion
The inactivated vaccine provided similar protection against Omicron infection of SARS-CoV-2, compared to the patients who received other types vaccines. Compared with partially vaccinated and unvaccinated patients, fully vaccinated patients had a higher CT negative rate and a lower rate of severe pneumonia. Vaccination status and days after vaccination affect disease progression through IgG levels.