bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deviation of photoelectron intensity from Beer-Lambert law in near-ambient pressure hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Takenaka Kento , Takahara Koji , Eguchi Tomoki , Sumida Hirosuke , Suzuki Satoru
Published: June 2023

In near-ambient-pressure photoelectron spectroscopy, the photoelectron intensity is assumed to follow the Beer-Lambert law, that is, the intensity decreases exponentially with distance d between the sample and the aperture cone. In this study, the gas pressure dependence of photoelectron intensity is systematically studied in a wide range of d values from 0.3 up to 5 mm. The experimental results were reproduced by replacing d with d + do (do is a constant) in the Beer-Lambert law. The do value was evaluated as ∼1 mm, which is considerably larger than the normal d value of 0.3 mm. Fluid dynamics simulation results obtained using a structural model with a size close to that of the actual differential pumping system suggested that the residual gas in the long pumping path caused a large do value.
Controlling the size and density of InN quantum dots formed on sapphire substrate by droplet epitaxy
Authors: Refaei Malak , Kuchuk Andrian , Allaparthi Rohith , Sarollahia Mirsaeid , Uddin Maruf Md Helal , Ware Morgan E.
Published: June 2023

The growth of InN quantum dots (QDs) on c-plane sapphire by droplet epitaxy (DE) using radio frequency plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy is reported here. The QD growth process from liquid In droplets to the InN QDs is described with a focus on the effect ambient nitrogen from an active RF-plasma source has on the formation of In droplets as a function of substrate temperatures. The variation in the shape and size of InN QDs is explained in terms of the In atom surface diffusion and the migration of droplets. Additionally, two nitridation procedures were used to investigate the crystallization of In droplets. The droplet formation was determined to follow well known principles of nucleation theory with ripening. The resulting activation energy for In surface diffusion on sapphire was found to be 0.62 ± 0.07 eV in ultra-high vacuum, ∼10−10 Torr, and 0.57 ± 0.08 eV in ambient N2, ∼10−5 Torr. The growth of InN QDs using the DE method has many advantages over the classical Stranski–Krastanov technique, including the ability to control a wide range of QD shapes, sizes, and densities.
Mental Health Aspects Among Estonian Coaches: The Relationship of Resilience and Social Support With Emotional State, Perceived Stress
Authors: Kiens Kristel , Kask Kristjan , Jõgi Anna-Liisa
Published: June 2023

While the topic of mental health has received growing attention among athletes, coaches’ mental health has not been addressed enough. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the roles that individual (i.e., age, gender, level of qualification, and resilience) and environmental characteristics (i.e., social support) play in aspects of mental illness and mental health among Estonian coaches. A web-based survey was conducted among Estonian coaches which resulted in 182 participants (95 females). The holistic survey included information about the study, a set of demographic questions, and self-reported scales about aspects of mental illnesses and mental health and possible protective factors (i.e., resilience and social support). Results showed that lower resilience predicted higher Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Emotional State Questionnaire-2 (EST-Q2) subscale Depression and Anxiety scores. Resilience and social support were positively correlated. Age was negatively associated with PSS, and EST-Q2 subscale Depression and Anxiety scores. Females’ scores were higher than males’ in PSS and EST-Q2 Anxiety subscale. Path analysis confirmed that the best predictor for PSS and EST-Q2 Depression and Anxiety subscale scores was resilience. Based on the findings, practical recommendations are provided on how to better support coaches.
In Silico Biomarkers of Motor Function to Inform Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation and Orthopedic Treatment
Authors: Jonkers Ilse , Beaucage-Gauvreau Erica , Killen Bryce Adrian , Gupta Dhruv , Scheys Lennart , De Groote Friedl
Published: June 2023

In this review, we elaborate on how musculoskeletal (MSK) modeling combined with dynamic movement simulation is gradually evolving from a research tool to a promising in silico tool to assist medical doctors and physical therapists in decision making by providing parameters relating to dynamic MSK function and loading. This review primarily focuses on our own and related work to illustrate the framework and the interpretation of MSK model-based parameters in patients with 3 different conditions, that is, degenerative joint disease, cerebral palsy, and adult spinal deformities. By selecting these 3 clinical applications, we also aim to demonstrate the differing levels of clinical readiness of the different simulation frameworks introducing in silico model-based biomarkers of motor function to inform MSK rehabilitation and treatment, with the application for adult spinal deformities being the most recent of the 3. Based on these applications, barriers to clinical integration and positioning of these in silico technologies within standard clinical practice are discussed in the light of specific challenges related to model assumptions, required level of complexity and personalization, and clinical implementation.
Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children: Validity and Cut-Points to Identify Sufficient Levels of Moderate- to Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity Among Children and Adolescents Diagnosed With HIV
Authors: de Castro João Antônio Chula , de Lima Luiz Rodrigo Augustemak , Larouche Richard , Tremblay Mark S. , Silva Diego Augusto Santos
Published: June 2023

Purpose: To investigate the validity of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) to assess the moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) level of children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV and propose cut-points, with accelerometer measures as the reference method. Method: Children and adolescents, aged 8–14 years (mean age = 12.21 y, SD = 2.09), diagnosed with HIV by vertical transmission, participated in the study. MVPA was investigated through the PAQ-C and triaxial accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+). Receiver operating characteristic curve and sensitivity and specificity values were used to identify a cut-point for PAQ-C to distinguish participants meeting MVPA guidelines. Results: Fifty-six children and adolescents participated in the study. Among those, 16 met MVPA guidelines. The PAQ-C score was significantly related to accelerometry-derived MVPA (ρ = .506, P < .001). The PAQ-C score cut-point of 2.151 (sensitivity = 0.625, specificity = 0.875) was able to discriminate between those who met MVPA guidelines and those that did not (area under the curve = 0.751, 95% confidence interval, 0.616–0.886). Conclusion: The PAQ-C was useful to investigate MVPA among children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV and to identify those who meet MVPA guidelines.
Cognitive effects of thalamostriatal degeneration are ameliorated by normalizing striatal cholinergic activity
Authors: Becchi Serena , Chieng Billy , Bradfield Laura A. , Capellán Roberto , Leung Beatrice K. , Balleine Bernard W.
Published: June 2023

The loss of neurons in parafascicular thalamus (Pf) and their inputs to dorsomedial striatum (DMS) in Lewy body disease (LBD) and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) have been linked to the effects of neuroinflammation. We found that, in rats, these inputs were necessary for both the function of striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) and the flexible encoding of the action-outcome (AO) associations necessary for goal-directed action, producing a burst-pause pattern of CIN firing but only during the remapping elicited by a shift in AO contingency. Neuroinflammation in the Pf abolished these changes in CIN activity and goal-directed control after the shift in contingency. However, both effects were rescued by either the peripheral or the intra-DMS administration of selegiline, a monoamine oxidase B inhibitor that we found also enhances adenosine triphosphatase activity in CINs. These findings suggest a potential treatment for the cognitive deficits associated with neuroinflammation affecting the function of the Pf and related structures.
Drugging evolution of antibiotic resistance at a regulatory network hub
Authors: Zhai Yin , Pribis John P. , Dooling Sean W. , Garcia-Villada Libertad , Minnick P.J. , Xia Jun , Liu Jingjing , Mei Qian , Fitzgerald Devon M. , Herman Christophe , Hastings P.J. , Costa-Mattioli Mauro , Rosenberg Susan M.
Published: June 2023

Evolution of antibiotic resistance is a world health crisis, fueled by new mutations. Drugs to slow mutagenesis could, as cotherapies, prolong the shelf-life of antibiotics, yet evolution-slowing drugs and drug targets have been underexplored and ineffective. Here, we used a network-based strategy to identify drugs that block hubs of fluoroquinolone antibiotic-induced mutagenesis. We identify a U.S. Food and Drug Administration– and European Medicines Agency–approved drug, dequalinium chloride (DEQ), that inhibits activation of the
Escherichia coli
general stress response, which promotes ciprofloxacin-induced (stress-induced) mutagenic DNA break repair. We uncover the step in the pathway inhibited: activation of the upstream “stringent” starvation stress response, and find that DEQ slows evolution without favoring proliferation of DEQ-resistant mutants. Furthermore, we demonstrate stress-induced mutagenesis during mouse infections and its inhibition by DEQ. Our work provides a proof-of-concept strategy for drugs to slow evolution in bacteria and generally.
Marine-montane transitions coupled with gill and genetic convergence in extant crustacean
Authors: Liu Hongguang , Zheng Yami , Zhu Bingyue , Tong Yan , Xin Wenpei , Yang Han , Jin Pengyu , Hu Yueyao , Huang Mengyi , Chang Wanjin , Ballarin Francesco , Li Shuqiang , Hou Zhonge
Published: June 2023

Marine-terrestrial transition represents an important aspect of organismal evolution that requires numerous morphological and genetic innovations and has been hypothesized to be caused by geological changes. We used talitrid crustaceans with marine-coastal-montane extant species at a global scale to investigate the marine origination and terrestrial adaptation. Using genomic data, we demonstrated that marine ancestors repeatedly colonized montane terrestrial habitats during the Oligocene to Miocene. Biological transitions were well correlated with plate collisions or volcanic island formation, and top-down cladogenesis was observed on the basis of a positive relationship between ancestral habitat elevation and divergence time for montane lineages. We detected convergent variations of convoluted gills and convergent evolution of
SMC3
associated with montane transitions. Moreover, using CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis, we proposed that
SMC3
potentially regulates the development of exites, such as talitrid gills. Our results provide a living model for understanding biological innovations and related genetic regulatory mechanisms associated with marine-terrestrial transitions.
Sequential apoptotic and multiplexed proteomic evaluation of single cancer cells
Authors: Lecky Emmalyn , Mukherji Atreyi , German Rebecca , Antonellis Gabriella , Lin Jia-Ren , Yorsz Michael , McQueeney Kelley E. , Ryan Jeremy , Ng Kimmie , Sicinska Ewa , Sorger Peter K. , Letai Anthony , Bhola Patrick D.
Published: June 2023

A potential cause of cancer relapse is pretreatment chemoresistant subpopulations. Identifying targetable features of subpopulations that are poorly primed for therapy-induced cell death may improve cancer therapy. Here, we develop and validate real-time BH3 profiling, a live and functional single-cell measurement of pretreatment apoptotic sensitivity that occurs upstream of apoptotic protease activation. On the same single cells, we perform cyclic immunofluorescence, which enables multiplexed immunofluorescence of more than 30 proteins on the same cell. Using cultured cells and rapid ex vivo cultures of colon cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, we identify Bak as a univariate correlate of apoptotic priming, find that poorly primed subpopulations can correspond to specific stages of the cell cycle, and, in some PDX models, identify increased expression of Bcl-XL, Mcl-1, or Her2 in subpopulations that are poorly primed for apoptosis. Last, we generate and validate mathematical models of single-cell priming that describe how targetable proteins contribute to apoptotic priming.
IrO

x

·
n
H
2
O with lattice water–assisted oxygen exchange for high-performance proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers
Authors: Xu Jun , Jin Huanyu , Lu Teng , Li Junsheng , Liu Yun , Davey Kenneth , Zheng Yao , Qiao Shi-Zhang
Published: June 2023

The trade-off between activity and stability of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) is challenging. Crystalline IrO
2
displays good stability but exhibits poor activity; amorphous IrO

x

exhibits outstanding activity while sacrificing stability. Here, we combine the advantages of these two materials via a lattice water–incorporated iridium oxide (IrO

x

·
n
H
2
O) that has short-range ordered structure of hollandite-like framework. We confirm that IrO

x

·
n
H
2
O exhibits boosted activity and ultrahigh stability of >5700 hours (~8 months) with a record-high stability number of 1.9 × 10
7
n
oxygen
n
Ir
−1
. We evidence that lattice water is active oxygen species in sustainable and rapid oxygen exchange. The lattice water–assisted modified OER mechanism contributes to improved activity and concurrent stability with no apparent structural degradation, which is different to the conventional adsorbate evolution mechanism and lattice oxygen mechanism. We demonstrate that a high-performance PEMWE with IrO

x

·
n
H
2
O as anode electrocatalyst delivers a cell voltage of 1.77 V at 1 A cm
−2
for 600 hours (60°C).
Cefiderocol Treatment for Patients with Multidrug- and Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections in the Compassionate Use Program
Authors: Satlin Michael J. , Simner Patricia J. , Slover Christine M. , Yamano Yoshinori , Nagata Tsutae D. , Portsmouth Simon
Published: June 2023

Cefiderocol is an option for infections caused by multidrug-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, but its
in vitro
activity against these isolates and its clinical effectiveness for isolates with MICs of >1 μg/mL is unclear. We investigated the
in vitro
activity of cefiderocol against
P. aeruginosa
isolates collected from patients treated with cefiderocol through the compassionate use program and assessed physician-reported clinical response and 28-day all-cause mortality by cefiderocol MIC values.
P. aeruginosa
isolates underwent susceptibility testing to cefiderocol and comparator agents by using reference broth microdilution.
Crucial Role for Lipoteichoic Acid Assembly in the Metabolic Versatility and Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Burtchett Troy A. , Shook John C. , Hesse Laura E. , Delekta Philip C. , Brzozowski Robert S. , Nouri Alhakam , Calas Alexa J. , Spanoudis Catherine M. , Eswara Prahathees J. , Hammer Neal D.
Published: June 2023

Staphylococcus aureus
is a public health threat due to the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the capacity of this organism to infect numerous organs in vertebrates. To generate energy needed to proliferate within tissues,
S. aureus
transitions between aerobic respiration and fermentation.
SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 Restricts Episomal DNA Transcription without Affecting Chromosomal DNA
Authors: Li Aixin , Zhang Bei , Zhao Kaitao , Yin Zhinang , Teng Yan , Zhang Lu , Xu Zaichao , Liang Kaiwei , Cheng Xiaoming , Xia Yuchen
Published: June 2023

To combat COVID-19, we need to understand SARS-CoV-2 and develop effective antiviral drugs. In our study, we serendipitously found that SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 could suppress episomal DNA transcription without affecting chromosomal DNA.
Metabolically distinct roles of NAD synthetase and NAD kinase define the essentiality of NAD and NADP in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Sharma Ritu , Hartman Travis E. , Beites Tiago , Kim Jee-Hyun , Eoh Hyungjin , Engelhart Curtis A. , Zhu Linnan , Wilson Daniel J. , Aldrich Courtney C. , Ehrt Sabine , Rhee Kyu Young , Schnappinger Dirk
Published: June 2023

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its phosphorylated derivative (NADP) are essential cofactors that participate in hundreds of biochemical reactions and have emerged as therapeutic targets in cancer, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and infections, including tuberculosis. The biological basis for the essentiality of NAD(P) in most settings, however, remains experimentally unexplained. Here, we report that inactivation of the terminal enzyme of NAD synthesis, NAD synthetase (NadE), elicits markedly different metabolic and microbiologic effects than those of the terminal enzyme of NADP biosynthesis, NAD kinase (PpnK), in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
Mtb
). Inactivation of NadE led to parallel reductions of both NAD and NADP pools and
Mtb
viability, while inactivation of PpnK selectively depleted NADP pools but only arrested growth. Inactivation of each enzyme was accompanied by metabolic changes that were specific for the affected enzyme and associated microbiological phenotype. Bacteriostatic levels of NAD depletion caused a compensatory remodeling of NAD-dependent metabolic pathways in the absence of an impact on NADH/NAD ratios, while bactericidal levels of NAD depletion resulted in a disruption of NADH/NAD ratios and inhibition of oxygen respiration. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized physiologic specificity associated with the essentiality of two evolutionarily ubiquitous cofactors.

IMPORTANCE

The current course for cure of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
Mtb
)—the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB)—infections is lengthy and requires multiple antibiotics. The development of shorter, simpler treatment regimens is, therefore, critical to the goal of eradicating TB. NadE, an enzyme required for the synthesis of the ubiquitous cofactor NAD, is essential for survival of
Mtb
and regarded as a promising drug target. However, the basis of this essentiality was not clear due to its role in the synthesis of both NAD and NADP. Here, we resolve this ambiguity through a combination of gene silencing and metabolomics. We specifically show that NADP deficiency is bacteriostatic, while NAD deficiency is bactericidal due to its role in
Mtb
’s respiratory capacity. These results argue for a prioritization of NAD biosynthesis inhibitors in anti-TB drug development.
Optimizing metaproteomics database construction: lessons from a study of the vaginal microbiome
Authors: Lee Elliot M. , Srinivasan Sujatha , Purvine Samuel O. , Fiedler Tina L. , Leiser Owen P. , Proll Sean C. , Minot Samuel S. , Deatherage Kaiser Brooke L. , Fredricks David N.
Published: June 2023

Metaproteomics, a method for untargeted, high-throughput identification of proteins in complex samples, provides functional information about microbial communities and can tie functions to specific taxa. Metaproteomics often generates less data than other omics techniques, but analytical workflows can be improved to increase usable data in metaproteomic outputs. Identification of peptides in the metaproteomic analysis is performed by comparing mass spectra of sample peptides to a reference database of protein sequences. Although these protein databases are an integral part of the metaproteomic analysis, few studies have explored how database composition impacts peptide identification. Here, we used cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples from a study of bacterial vaginosis (BV) to compare the performance of databases built using six different strategies. We evaluated broad versus sample-matched databases, as well as databases populated with proteins translated from metagenomic sequencing of the same samples versus sequences from public repositories. Smaller sample-matched databases performed significantly better, driven by the statistical constraints on large databases. Additionally, large databases attributed up to 34% of significant bacterial hits to taxa absent from the sample, as determined orthogonally by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We also tested a set of hybrid databases which included bacterial proteins from NCBI RefSeq and translated bacterial genes from the samples. These hybrid databases had the best overall performance, identifying 1,068 unique human and 1,418 unique bacterial proteins, ~30% more than a database populated with proteins from typical vaginal bacteria and fungi. Our findings can help guide the optimal identification of proteins while maintaining statistical power for reaching biological conclusions.

IMPORTANCE

Metaproteomic analysis can provide valuable insights into the functions of microbial and cellular communities by identifying a broad, untargeted set of proteins. The databases used in the analysis of metaproteomic data influence results by defining what proteins can be identified. Moreover, the size of the database impacts the number of identifications after accounting for false discovery rates (FDRs). Few studies have tested the performance of different strategies for building a protein database to identify proteins from metaproteomic data and those that have largely focused on highly diverse microbial communities. We tested a range of databases on CVL samples and found that a hybrid sample-matched approach, using publicly available proteins from organisms present in the samples, as well as proteins translated from metagenomic sequencing of the samples, had the best performance. However, our results also suggest that public sequence databases will continue to improve as more bacterial genomes are published.
Complex Regulation of Gamma-Hemolysin Expression Impacts Staphylococcus aureus Virulence
Authors: Pivard Mariane , Caldelari Isabelle , Brun Virginie , Croisier Delphine , Jaquinod Michel , Anzala Nelson , Gilquin Benoît , Teixeira Chloé , Benito Yvonne , Couzon Florence , Romby Pascale , Moreau Karen , Vandenesch François
Published: June 2023

S. aureus
virulence in pneumonia results in its ability to produce several virulence factors, including the leucocidin PVL. Here, we demonstrate that HlgCB, another leucocidin, which targets the same receptors as PVL, highly contributes to
S. aureus
virulence in
pvl
-negative strains.
Escherichia coli SPFH Membrane Microdomain Proteins HflKC Contribute to Aminoglycoside and Oxidative Stress Tolerance
Authors: Wessel Aimee K. , Yoshii Yutaka , Reder Alexander , Boudjemaa Rym , Szczesna Magdalena , Betton Jean-Michel , Bernal-Bayard Joaquin , Beloin Christophe , Lopez Daniel , Völker Uwe , Ghigo Jean-Marc
Published: June 2023

Eukaryotic cells often segregate physiological processes in cholesterol-rich functional membrane microdomains. These domains are also called lipid rafts and contain proteins of the
s
tomatin,
p
rohibitin,
f
lotillin, and
H
flK/C (SPFH) superfamily, which are also present in prokaryotes but have been mostly studied in Gram-positive bacteria.
The permeability of loose magma mush
Authors: Bretagne Eloïse , Wadsworth Fabian B. , Vasseur Jérémie , Humphreys Madeleine C.S. , Dingwell Donald B. , Dobson Katherine J. , Mangler Martin F. , Rooyakkers Shane M.
Published: June 2023

Models for the evolution of magma mush zones are of fundamental importance for understanding magma storage, differentiation in the crust, and melt extraction processes that prime eruptions. These models require calculations of the permeability of the evolving crystal frameworks in the mush, which influences the rate of melt movement relative to crystals. Existing approaches for estimating the crystal framework permeability do not account for crystal shape. Here, we represent magma mush crystal frameworks as packs of hard cuboids with a range of aspect ratios, all at their maximum random packing. We use numerical fluid flow simulation tools to determine the melt fraction, specific surface area, and permeability of our three-dimensional digital samples. We find that crystal shape exerts a first-order control both on the melt fraction at maximum packing and on the permeability. We use these new data to generalize a Kozeny-Carman model in order to propose a simple constitutive law for the scaling between permeability and melt fraction that accounts for crystal shape in upscaled mush dynamics simulations. Our results show that magma mush permeability calculated using a model that accounts for crystal shape is significantly different compared with models that make a spherical crystal approximation, with key implications for crustal melt segregation flux and reactive flow.
Metastatic breast cancer and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance resembling multiple myeloma
Authors: Muehlschlegel Paula , Gillmore Roopinder , Pomplun Sabine
Published: June 2023

Radiological evidence of lytic bone lesions has a wide differential diagnosis including metastatic bone disease, multiple myeloma, primary bone cancers and infection. Here, we present the case of a woman in her 80s found to have lytic bone lesions associated with an IgA paraproteinaemia who was thus presumed to have a diagnosis of multiple myeloma. However, bone marrow biopsy results were indicative of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. She was subsequently referred to the ‘carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) team’, and ultimately diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer following a repeat trephine biopsy. A range of conditions may present with lytic bone lesions and these differentials must be suitably investigated even in the presence of paraproteinaemia. Early CUP team involvement is pivotal to ensure appropriate clinical management and patient support.
Lamin A/C cardiomyopathy presenting as high-grade atrioventricular (AV) block, atrial fibrillation, heart failure and ventricular tachycardia in a single-family cluster
Authors: Lubin Sarah Rachel , Paulraj Shweta , Ahmed Jamal
Published: June 2023

Mutations in the lamin A/C (LMNA) gene have been associated with both cardiac and skeletal muscle abnormalities. Cardiac manifestations in LMNA cardiomyopathy have a variable age of onset and range from mild to life-threatening. We describe a case series illustrating manifestations of LMNA mutation in a single family with an extensive history of cardiac disease, including sudden cardiac death, and the implications for diagnosis and management. This discussion highlights potential presentations of LMNA mutations and the importance of genetic testing in patients with a family history of conduction abnormalities.
Opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia syndrome, ovarian teratoma and anti-NMDAR antibody: an ‘unresolved’ mystery
Authors: Miraclin Angel T , Mani Arun Mathai , Sivadasan Ajith , Nair Aditya , Christina Munagapati , Gojer Abigail Ruth , Milton Sharon , Jude Prakash John A , Benjamin Rohit N , Prabhakar Appaswamy Thirumal , Mathew Vivek , Aaron Sanjith
Published: June 2023

Background

Opsoclonus–myoclonus–ataxia syndrome (OMAS) is characterised by the combination of opsoclonus and arrhythmic action myoclonus with axial ataxia and dysarthria. In adults, a majority are paraneoplastic secondary to solid organ tumours and could harbour antibodies against intracellular epitopes; however, certain proportions have detectable antibodies to various neuronal cell surface antigens. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDAR) antibodies and ovarian teratomas have been implicated in OMAS.

Methods

Report of two cases and review of literature.

Results

Two middle-aged women presented with subacute-onset, rapidly progressive OMAS and behavioural changes consistent with psychosis. The first patient had detectable antibodies to NMDAR in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) alone. Evaluation for ovarian teratoma was negative. The second patient had no detectable antibodies in serum or CSF; however, she had an underlying ovarian teratoma. Patient A was treated with pulse steroids, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) followed by bortezomib (BOR) and dexamethasone, while patient B was treated with steroids, TPE followed by surgical resection of ovarian teratoma. Both patients had favourable outcomes and were asymptomatic at the 6 monthly follow-up.

Conclusions

With coexistent neuropsychiatric manifestations, OMAS can be considered a distinct entity of autoimmune encephalitis, pathogenesis being immune activation against known/unknown neuronal cell surface antigens. The observation of absence of anti-NMDAR antibody in patients with teratoma-associated OMAS and vice versa is intriguing. Further research on the potential role of ovarian teratoma in evoking neuronal autoimmunity and its targets is required. The management challenge in both cases including the potential use of BOR has been highlighted.
Synthesis and solid state structures of 1,3-dihalo-1,3-bis(dialkylamino)propenium salts and related compounds
Authors: Land Michael A. , Turrie Katrina D. , Robertson Katherine N. , Clyburne Jason A. C.
Published: June 2023

1,3-dicholoro-1,3- bis(dialkylamino)propenium salts are prepared by condensing N, N,-dialkylamides with dichloromethylene dimethyliminium chloride (“Viehe's salt”). The products are versatile synthons and can be used to make a variety of ligand types. Here, we report the syntheses of a number of new propenium salts and provide comprehensive characterization data for some that have already been described. Additionally, we have prepared a series of related 1,3-dihalo-1,3- bis(dimethylamino)propenium salts via halogen exchange reactions (F through I). Finally, all of the compounds described, including Viehe's Salt and several hydrolysis products, have been characterized in the solid state using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The symmetrical cations [Me2NC(X)CHC(X)NMe2]+ were found to take one of two general structural forms. The first (X = H or F) is planar, presumably maximizing the delocalization within the backbone of the cation, while the second form is markedly twisted (X = Cl, Br or I). Calculations indicate that the latter develop increasingly positive regions of the electrostatic potential on the halide substituents, allowing cation/anion interactions via halogen bonding to dominate in the extended solids. The results of these studies illustrate the importance of the differing interionic interactions in a homologous series of small organic salts.
Chaotic inflationary universe in Rastall gravity
Authors: Mandal Priyanka , Paul Bikash Chandra
Published: June 2023

We study Linde’s chaotic inflation in Rastall gravity with a homogeneous scalar field. In Einstein’s general theory of relativity, Linde obtained chaotic scenario, which emerged from chaotic distribution of scalar field satisfying a limiting value of the initial scalar field ϕo > 3 MP that lies in the quantum gravity. The upper limit on the initial scalar field is obtained for a sufficient inflation to encompass the present universe. In the Rastall gravity, the upper limit is reduced depending on the Rastall parameter γ < 1. The upper limit on ϕo is found to increases for [Formula: see text]. In the later case, sufficient inflation is not permitted and the role of curvaton field is explored for an acceptable early chaotic inflation.
A model for permeability in fibre-reinforced plastics
Authors: Sherratt Anthony , Ghazimoradi Mehdi , Montesano John , Straatman Anthony G. , DeGroot Christopher T. , Henning Frank
Published: June 2023

Increased use of continuous fibre-reinforced plastics (CoFRP) is being seen in the automotive industry due to their high strength specific properties. The manufacturing process, however, is still expensive due to the number of critical steps and material costs. Cost reduction is being combated by computational modelling of the infiltration and curing processes to predict void formation and other potential defects. The accuracy of these simulations is highly dependent on capturing the presence of the carbon sheets in the mould due to the large differences in permeability between flows parallel and normal to the fibre tows. This work presents a geometry-based method for locally orienting the fibre and thickness direction for 2D extruded CoFRP components. The capabilities of these methods will be presented by comparing the fibre orientation prediction for two geometries (i.e., hat channel and double dome) using three different draping schemes (i.e., 0°, 45°, and 90°) against the results of a validated draping simulation developed in LS-DYNA.
Homological dimensions of analytic Ore extensions
Authors: Kosenko Petr
Published: June 2023

If [Formula: see text] is an algebra with finite right global dimension, then for any automorphism [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] the right global dimension of [Formula: see text] satisfies [Formula: see text] We extend this result to the case of holomorphic Ore extensions and smooth crossed products by [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]-algebras.
Quark flavor physics: Status and future prospects
Authors: Gligorov Vladimir V.
Published: June 2023

Quark flavor physics is the study of hadrons, their properties, and their decays into other particles. As a discipline, it simultaneously catalogues the nature of physical states within the Standard Model of particle physics, and in doing so tests the consistency and completeness of the Standard Model’s description of reality. Following the discovery of the Higgs field, it is more essential than ever to critically examine the Standard Model’s own coherence. Precision studies of quark flavor are one of the most sensitive experimental instruments for this task. I give a brief and necessarily selective overview of recent developments in quark flavor physics and discuss prospects for the next generation of experiments and facilities, with an emphasis on the energy scales of beyond Standard Model physics probed by these types of measurements.
Fubini–Study geometries in the higher-dimensional gravity
Authors: Ghezelbash A. M.
Published: June 2023

We construct approximate solutions to the Einstein–Maxwell theory with uplifting the four-dimensional Fubini–Study Kähler manifold. We find the solutions can be expressed as the integrals of two special functions. The solutions are regular almost everywhere except a bolt structure on a single point in any dimensionality. We also show that in the context of considered ansatzes for the metric function and the Maxwell field, the solutions are unique and cannot be nontrivially extended to include the cosmological constant in any dimensions.
Twisted self-duality
Authors: Berman David S. , Gherardini Tancredi Schettini
Published: June 2023

We examine a generalization of the usual self-duality equations for Yang–Mills theory when the color space admits a nontrivial involution. This involution allows us to construct a nontrivial twist which may be combined with the Hodge star to form a twisted self-dual curvature. We will construct a simple example of twisted self-duality for [Formula: see text] gauge theory along with its explicit solutions, both in Euclidean and Minkowski backgrounds, and then dimensionally reduce from four dimensions to obtain families of nontrivial nonlinear equations in lower dimensions. This twisted self-duality constraint will be shown to arise in [Formula: see text] exceptional field theory through a Scherk–Schwarz reduction and we will show how an Eguchi–Hanson gravitational instanton also obeys the twisted self-duality condition.
Analytic results for the massive sunrise integral in the context of an alternative perturbative calculational method
Authors: Dallabona G. , Battistel O. A.
Published: June 2023

An explicit investigation about the equal-mass two-loop sunrise Feynman graph is performed. Such a perturbative amplitude is related to many important physical process treated in the Standard Model context. The background of this investigation is an alternative strategy to handle the divergences typical for perturbative solutions of quantum field theory. Since its proposition, the mentioned method was exhaustively used to calculate and manipulate one-loop Feynman integrals with a great success. However, the great advances in precision of experimental data collected in particle physics colliders have pushed up theoretical physicists to improve their predictions through multi-loop calculations. In this paper, we describe the main steps required to perform two-loop calculations within the context of the referred method. We show that the same rules used for one-loop calculations are enough to deal with two-loop graphs as well. Analytic results for the sunrise graph are obtained in terms of elliptic multiple polylogarithms as well as a numerical analysis is provided.
Study of low-temperature magnetic properties of the antiferromagnetic topological insulator Sm-doped MnBi2Te4
Authors: Ou X. L. , Wang J. , Zhao K. , Yang X. S. , Zhao Y.
Published: June 2023

MnBi2Te4 is the first discovered intrinsic magnetic topological insulator. It has great research significance and is related to new phenomena such as topological magneto-electric effect and quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE). We report first doping of rare-earth elements in MnBi2Te4 crystals. MnBi2Te4 crystalline samples with different Sm doping ratios were synthesized, and Sm atoms may enter the lattice and replace Mn atoms. Low-temperature magnetization measurements show that, in addition to the antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition of MnBi2Te4, some doped samples undergo small-scale ferromagnetic transitions at around 15 K. Doping furthermore reduces the magnetic field required for the transition to the canted AFM (CAFM) state and slightly increases the Néel temperature of the crystal. Our results suggest that doping rare-earth elements may be a feasible method for tuning the magnetism of MnBi2Te4 and for future applications of magnetic topological insulators.
Deep Active Recognition through Online Cognitive Learning
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhao Wencang , Lu Minghua , Huang Jincai
Published: June 2023

Deep models need a large number of labeled samples to be trained. Furthermore, in practical application settings where objects’ features are added or changed over time, it is difficult and expensive to get enough labeled samples in the beginning. Cognitive learning mechanism can actively raise the deep models’ proficiency online with a few training labels gradually. In this paper, inspired by human being’s cognition procedure to acquire new knowledge stage by stage, we develop a novel deep active recognition framework based on the analysis of models’ cognitive error knowledge to fine-tune the deep models online. The transformation of the cognitive errors is defined, and the corresponding knowledge is obtained to identify the models’ cognitive information. Based on the cognitive knowledge, the sensitive samples are selected to finely tune the models online. To avoid forgetting the previous learned knowledge, the selected prior training samples are used as the refreshening samples at the same time. The experiments demonstrate that the sensitive samples can benefit the target recognition and the cognitive learning mechanism can boost the deep models’ performance efficiently. The characterization of cognitive information can restrain the other samples’ disturbance to the models’ cognition effectively and the online training method can save mass of the time evidently. In conclusion, we introduce this work to provide a trial of thought about the cognitive lifelong learning used in deep learning scenarios.
A Feature Extraction Approach for the Detection of Phishing Websites Using Machine Learning
Authors: Gundla Sri Charan , Karthik M. Praveen , Reddy Middi Jashwanth Kumar , Gourav  , Pankaj Ashutosh , Stamenkovic Z. , Raja S. P.
Published: June 2023

In this growing world of the internet, most of our daily routine tasks are somehow connected to the internet, from smartphones to internet of things (IoT) devices to cloud networks. Internet users are growing rapidly, and the internet is accessible to everyone from anywhere. Data phishing is a cyber security attack that uses deception to trick internet users to get their content and information. In this attack, malicious users try to steal personal data such as login credentials, credit card details, health care information, etc., of the users on the internet. They exploit users’ sensitive information using vulnerabilities. Information stealers are known as phishers. Phishers use different techniques for phishing. One of the most common methods is to direct the users to a false website to enter their login credentials and their details on these phishing sites. Phishing websites look like the original websites. Phishers use these details to get access to the user’s accounts and hijack them for monetary purposes. Many internet users fall for this trap of phishing sites and share their personal and sensitive details. In this paper, we will analyze and implement machine learning (ML) techniques to detect phishing attacks. There are different methods to identify phishing attacks, one of them is by checking the uniform resource locator (URL) address using ML. ML is used to teach a machine to differentiate between phishing and original site URLs. There are many different techniques to overcome this attack. This research paper aims to provide accurate and true phishing detection with less time complexity.
Existence of multi-spikes in the Keller–Segel model with logistic growth
Authors: Kong Fanze , Wei Juncheng , Xu Liangshun
Published: June 2023

The Keller–Segel model is a paradigm to describe the chemotactic mechanism, which plays a vital role on the physiological and pathological activities of uni-cellular and multi-cellular organisms. One of the most interesting variants is the coupled system with the intrinsic growth, which admits many complex nontrivial patterns. This paper is devoted to the construction of multi-spiky solutions to the Keller–Segel models with the logistic source in 2D. Assuming that the chemo-attractive rate is large, we apply the inner-outer gluing scheme to nonlocal cross-diffusion system and prove the existence of multiple boundary and interior spikes. The numerical simulations are presented to highlight our theoretical results.
Global classical solvability and stabilization in a two-dimensional chemotaxis–fluid system with sub-logarithmic sensitivity
Authors: Liu Ji
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we consider the following system: [Formula: see text] in a smoothly bounded domain [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] and a given function [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] It is proved that if [Formula: see text] then for appropriately small initial data an associated no-flux/no-flux/Dirichlet initial-boundary value problem is globally solvable in the classical sense, and that if [Formula: see text] then under a different but still suitable smallness restriction of the initial data, a corresponding initial-boundary value problem subject to no-flux/no-flux/Dirichlet boundary conditions admits a unique classical solution which is globally bounded and approaches a constant equilibria [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]
Asymptotic behavior of a three-dimensional haptotactic cross-diffusion system modeling oncolytic virotherapy
Authors: Wang Yifu , Xu Chi
Published: June 2023

This paper deals with an initial-boundary value problem for a doubly haptotactic cross-diffusion system arising from the oncolytic virotherapy [Formula: see text] in a smoothly bounded domain [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Based on a self-map argument, it is shown that under the assumption [Formula: see text], this problem possesses a uniquely determined global classical solution [Formula: see text] for certain type of small data [Formula: see text]. Moreover, [Formula: see text] is globally bounded and exponentially stabilizes toward its spatially homogeneous equilibrium [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text].
Critical mass for Keller–Segel systems with supercritical nonlinear sensitivity
Authors: Mao Xuan , Li Yuxiang
Published: June 2023

This paper is concerned with the following radially symmetric Keller–Segel systems with nonlinear sensitivity [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], posed on [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] and subjected to homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions. It is well-known that [Formula: see text] is the critical exponent of the systems in the sense that all solutions exist globally if [Formula: see text] and there exist finite-time blowup solutions if [Formula: see text]. Here we consider the supercritical case [Formula: see text] and show a critical mass phenomenon. Precisely, we prove that there exists a critical mass [Formula: see text] such that

(1) for arbitrary nonincreasing nonnegative initial data [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], the corresponding solution blows up in finite time if [Formula: see text], and if [Formula: see text] we can only prove that the solution blows up in finite time or infinite time; (2) for some nonincreasing nonnegative initial data with [Formula: see text], the corresponding solutions are globally bounded.

Our results extend that of Winkler’s paper [M. Winkler, How unstable is spatial homogeneity in Keller–Segel systems? A new critical mass phenomenon in two- and higher-dimensional parabolic–elliptic cases, Math. Ann. 373 (2019) 1237–1282], where he proved similar results for the system with [Formula: see text].
ON THE BOX DIMENSION OF WEYL–MARCHAUD FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVE AND LINEARITY EFFECT
Authors: CHANDRA SUBHASH , ABBAS SYED , LIANG YONGSHUN
Published: June 2023

This paper intends to estimate the box dimension of the Weyl–Marchaud fractional derivative (Weyl–M derivative) for various choices of continuous functions on a compact subset of [Formula: see text] We show that the Weyl–M derivative of order [Formula: see text] of a continuous function satisfying Hölder condition of order [Formula: see text] also satisfies Hölder condition of order [Formula: see text] and the upper box dimension of the Weyl–M derivative increases at most linearly with the order [Formula: see text]. Moreover, the upper box dimension of the Weyl–M derivative of a continuous function satisfying the Lipschitz condition is not more than the sum of the box dimension of the function itself and order [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, we prove that the box dimension of the Weyl–M derivative of a certain continuous function which is of bounded variation is one.
INVESTIGATIONS ON STRESS-DEPENDENT THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF FRACTURED ROCK BY FRACTAL THEORY
Authors: MIAO TONGJUN , CHEN AIMIN , YANG XIAOYA , LI ZUN , LIU HAO , YU BOMING
Published: June 2023

Stress field is a key external factor affecting the thermodynamic properties of rock in many scientific and engineering fields ranging from geoscience to practical problems in geothermal resources, oil and gas exploitation, mineral exploitation, etc. In this work, the stress-dependent models for the effective thermal conductivity of fractured rock are proposed by combining the fractal geometry theory and the two-part Hooke’s model. The proposed model for the effective thermal conductivity is a function of the effective stress and structure-parameters and physical parameters of fractured rock, such as porosity ([Formula: see text], fracture orientations ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] as well as [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The results show that thermal conductivity increases nonlinearly with increasing stress at low stress range due to the closure of fractures, then, it exhibits an almost linear behavior of pressure dependence at high stress range for most fractures closing completely. The proposed thermal conductivity model coupled with stress is evaluated by comparison with the available experimental data. The model predictions show a good agreement with the available experimental data. A more detailed investigation of the essential influence of structures parameters of a set of fractures on the dimensionless stress-dependent thermal conductivity is performed. The proposed model may provide a good quantitative understanding of the stress effect on thermal conductivity of fractured rock.