bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Archetypal Load of Tension’: Idiosyncratic Idioms of Surrealism Created by Aleksander Krzywobłocki and Margit Reich-Sielska in the 1930s in Lviv
Authors: Kossowska Irena
Published: September 2024

This article examines the artistic contributions of two members of the ‘artes’ group, active in Lviv (Lwów during the interwar period) from 1929 to 1935: Aleksander Krzywobłocki (1901–1979) and Margit Reich-Sielska (1900–1980). Situated within the ‘artes’ milieu, which emerged as the most cohesive community among phenomena with a surrealist profile in the history of Polish art, their creative endeavors have faded from the collective memory of subsequent generations of art historians and critics, both within and beyond Poland. With the aim of elucidating the distinctive characteristics of Krzywobłocki and Sielska’s artistic attitudes, deeply rooted in the cultural landscape of interwar Galicia, this study explores their work as both manifestations of the avant-garde milieu in Lviv and contributions to the transnational surrealist movement. This examination takes a relational approach, considering their artistic output within a framework of trans-local and trans-regional connections. Drawing upon the works of various surrealists active in different European centers, I juxtapose the artistic approaches of Krzywobłocki and Sielska with other practitioners of the movement to highlight both convergences and differences in their expressions. By situating their artistic profiles within the broader modalities of surrealism as a polycentric movement and within the unique cultural context of Lviv—a city marked by its multiethnic, multicultural, and multiconfessional character—I argue that their imaginings should be classified as idiosyncratic idioms of surrealism. This hybrid expression, which developed on the peripheries of European artistic hubs, is primarily distinguished by an ‘archetypal load of tension’—a continual quest for archetypal content that has been lost in the modern world.
Advances in Difference Equations
Authors: Zafar Azhar Ali
Published: September 2024

This editorial concerns the Special Issue of Axioms entitled “Advances in Difference Equations” [...]
γ-Dual Codes over Finite Commutative Chain Rings
Authors: Dinh Hai Q. , Thi Hiep L. , Tansuchat Roengchai
Published: September 2024

In this article, the notion of γ-dual codes over finite chain rings is introduced as an extension of dual codes over finite chain rings. Various characteristics and properties of γ-dual codes over finite chain rings are explored. We provide both necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of γ-self-dual codes over finite chain rings. Additionally, we investigate the γ-dual of skew ϕ-α-constacyclic codes over finite chain rings.
Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Sediment on the Occurrence of Cladophora sp. (Cladophoraceae) in Aquaculture Ponds
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Kaifang , Lv Jun , Peng Xinliang , Tang Yongtao , Zhao Liangjie , Cheng Yongxu , Liu Qigen
Published: September 2024

To explore the impact of sedimentary nitrogen and phosphorus on Cladophora occurrence, we conducted a microecosystem experiment simulating different nitrogen and phosphorus content as well as nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios in the sediment. Subsequently, to further explore the specific mechanism of influence that epiphytic algae have on Cladophora, we designed various microsystem culture experiments. These results revealed that an N/P ratio of 40:1 was relatively unfavorable for Cladophora growth. Additionally, there was an extremely significant negative correlation between the benthic cyanobacteria coverage on the sediment surface and the wet weight of Cladophora (p < 0.01), indicating that benthic cyanobacteria could inhibit the growth of Cladophora. Total nitrogen levels in the water column showed a significant positive correlation with phytoplankton biomass (p < 0.05), while benthic cyanobacteria coverage exhibited an extremely significant positive correlation with phytoplankton biomass through phosphorus absorption and nitrogen release (p < 0.01). Metabolite analysis of benthic cyanobacteria identified annotations for 313 metabolites; among them cis,cis-muconic acid (32.48‰), erucamide (9.52‰), phosphoric acid (6.97‰), fenpropidin (6.53‰), and propionic acid (5.16‰) accounted for proportions exceeding 5‰. However, none of these metabolites have been recognized as allelochemicals or toxins at present. This study provides novel insights into controlling Cladophora occurrence by considering sediment nutrients, including nitrogen and phosphorus, along with allelochemicals.
Effect of Different Opening Diet on the Growth, the Structure of the Digestive Tract and Digestive Enzyme Activity of Larval and Juvenile Mystus macropterus
Authors: Li Xiaoli , Wu Xingbing , Li Xuemei , Wei Nian , Jiang Ming , Zhu Yongjiu , Zhu Tingbing
Published: September 2024

One of the crucial factors influencing the growth and viability of larvae and juveniles is their opening diets. The objective of this study was to identify suitable initial feed options for M. macropterus larvae and juveniles. A total of 1200 newly hatched M. macropterus with an average weight of 18.3 mg and an average length of 11.58 mm were selected and randomly divided into four groups. The fish were fed with different opening diets, including rotifer, Artemia nauplii, Tubifex, and micro-diet from six days after hatching (dahs), respectively. Growth indices and activities of digestive enzymes were assessed at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 dahs. Histological examination of the structure of the digestive tract was performed at 40 dahs, while survival rates were also documented. The results demonstrated that different diets had no effect on the survival rate of larvae and juveniles of M. macropterus. The growth performance indices were ranked as follows: Tubifex group > Artemia nauplii group > micro-diet group > rotifer group. Remarkably, the Tubifex group exhibited superior growth performance, which was also reflected in the structure of the digestive tract and digestive enzyme activity. Therefore, it is recommended to include Tubifex in the diet of M. macropterus larvae and juvenile during the standardized farming process.
Rhizobacteria Isolated from Amazonian Soils Reduce the Effects of Water Stress on the Growth of Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Palm Seedlings
Authors: Sousa Suania Maria do Nascimento , Garcias Josinete Torres , Farias Marceli Ruani De Oliveira , Lima Allana Laís Alves , Sousa Rosiane do Socorro dos Reis de , Philippsen Hellen Kempfer , Madeira Lucimar Di Paula dos Santos , Rogez Herve , Marques Joana Montezano
Published: September 2024

Euterpe oleracea Mart., also known for its fruit açaí, is a palm native to the Amazon region. The state of Pará, Brazil, accounts for over 90% of açaí production. Demand for the fruit in national and international markets is increasing; however, climate change and diseases such as anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum sp., lead to decreased production. To meet demand, measures such as expanding cultivation in upland areas are often adopted, requiring substantial economic investments, particularly in irrigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of açaí rhizobacteria in promoting plant growth (PGPR). Rhizospheric soil samples from floodplain and upland açaí plantations were collected during rainy and dry seasons. Bacterial strains were isolated using the serial dilution method, and subsequent assays evaluated their ability to promote plant growth. Soil analyses indicated that the sampling period influenced the physicochemical properties of both areas, with increases observed during winter for most soil components like organic matter and C/N ratio. A total of 177 bacterial strains were isolated from rhizospheres of açaí trees cultivated in floodplain and upland areas across dry and rainy seasons. Among these strains, 24% produced IAA, 18% synthesized ACC deaminase, 11% mineralized organic phosphate, and 9% solubilized inorganic phosphate, among other characteristics. Interestingly, 88% inhibited the growth of phytopathogenic fungi of the genera Curvularia and Colletotrichum. Analysis under simulated water stress using Polyethylene Glycol 6000 revealed that 23% of the strains exhibited tolerance. Two strains were identified as Bacillus proteolyticus (PP218346) and Priestia aryabhattai (PP218347). Inoculation with these strains increased the speed and percentage of açaí seed germination. When inoculated in consortium, 85% of seeds germinated under severe stress, compared to only 10% in the control treatment. Therefore, these bacteria show potential for use as biofertilizers, enhancing the initial development of açaí plants and contributing to sustainable agricultural practices.
Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Induces Reactive Oxygen Species Generation via Activation of p53 in Human Hepatoma Cells
Authors: Kim Seungyeon , Park Jimin , Han Jiwoo , Jang Kyung Lib
Published: September 2024

Hepatitis B virus (HBV), particularly through the HBx protein, induces oxidative stress during liver infections. This study reveals that HBx increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) via two distinct mechanisms. The first mechanism is p53-independent, likely involving mitochondrial dysfunction, as demonstrated by elevated ROS levels in p53-deficient Hep3B cells and p53-knocked-down HepG2 cells after HBx expression or HBV infection. The increase in ROS persisted even when p53 transcriptional activity was inhibited by pifithrin-α (PFT-α), a p53 inhibitor. The second mechanism is p53-dependent, wherein HBx activates p53, which then amplifies ROS production through a feedback loop involving ROS and p53. The ability of HBx to elevate ROS levels was higher in HepG2 than in Hep3B cells. Knocking down p53 in HepG2 cells lowered ROS levels, while ectopic p53 expression in Hep3B cells raised ROS. HBx-activated p53 downregulated catalase and upregulated manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase, contributing to ROS amplification. The transcriptional activity of p53 was crucial for these effects, as cells with a p53 R175H mutation or those treated with PFT-α generated less ROS. Additionally, HBx variants with Ser-101 increased p53 and ROS levels, whereas variants with Pro-101 did not. These dual mechanisms of HBx-induced ROS generation are likely significant in the pathogenesis of HBV and may contribute to liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma.
Adverse Drug Reactions of Cardiovascular Classes of Medicines—Data for Bulgarian Population
Authors: Mitkova Zornitsa , Dimova Anita , Petrova Guenka , Dimitrova Maria
Published: September 2024

Objective: Hypertensionis one of the most common chronic diseases, affecting more than 20% of the population. The side effects experienced due to antihypertensive medications, such as tiredness, muscle pain, and insomnia, are often a significant predictor of poor adherence to therapy. The goal of the current study is to present the frequency, type, seriousness, and severity of adverse drug reactions reported to the BDA via Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs) and following differentiation of messages found in more than one patient. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported in the Bulgarian Drug Agency database after treatment with antihyperlipidemic medicines, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and sartans for the period 2017–2021. Each ICSR form was observed, and data for suspected medicine and type of adverse reaction was analyzed. Results: The total number of processed notifications for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) included in the database is 142. The highest number of ADRs was reported for ARB (58), followed by antihyperlipidemic medicines (55) and ACE inhibitors (29). Most of the assessed adverse events experienced by more than one patient fall into the probable and related categories based on the Global Introspection method classification. Therefore, they have been investigated and are consistent with exposure in the population. Conclusions: Cardiovascular medicines from the groups of ACE inhibitors, sartans, and statins have a high share of reported ADRs in the BDA system. Some of them are severe and need further investigation.
Brain Volumetric Analysis Using Artificial Intelligence Software in Premanifest Huntington’s Disease Individuals from a Colombian Caribbean Population
Authors: Ríos-Anillo Margarita R. , Ahmad Mostapha , Acosta-López Johan E. , Cervantes-Henríquez Martha L. , Henao-Castaño Maria C. , Morales-Moreno Maria T. , Espitia-Almeida Fabián , Vargas-Manotas José , Sánchez-Barros Cristian , Pineda David A. , Sánchez-Rojas Manuel
Published: September 2024

Background and objectives: The premanifest phase of Huntington’s disease (HD) is characterized by the absence of motor symptoms and exhibits structural changes in imaging that precede clinical manifestation. This study aimed to analyze volumetric changes identified through brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) processed using artificial intelligence (AI) software in premanifest HD individuals, focusing on the relationship between CAG triplet expansion and structural biomarkers. Methods: The study included 36 individuals descending from families affected by HD in the Department of Atlántico. Sociodemographic data were collected, followed by peripheral blood sampling to extract genomic DNA for quantifying CAG trinucleotide repeats in the Huntingtin gene. Brain volumes were evaluated using AI software (Entelai/IMEXHS, v4.3.4) based on MRI volumetric images. Correlations between brain volumes and variables such as age, sex, and disease status were determined. All analyses were conducted using SPSS (v. IBM SPSS Statistics 26), with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The analysis of brain volumes according to CAG repeat expansion shows that individuals with ≥40 repeats evidence significant increases in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume and subcortical structures such as the amygdalae and left caudate nucleus, along with marked reductions in cerebral white matter, the cerebellum, brainstem, and left pallidum. In contrast, those with <40 repeats show minimal or moderate volumetric changes, primarily in white matter and CSF. Conclusions: These findings suggest that CAG expansion selectively impacts key brain regions, potentially influencing the progression of Huntington’s disease, and that AI in neuroimaging could identify structural biomarkers long before clinical symptoms appear.
Evaluation of Selenium Concentrations in Patients with Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Chalcarz Michał , Grabarek Beniamin Oskar , Sirek Tomasz , Sirek Agata , Ossowski Piotr , Wilk Mateusz , Król-Jatręga Katarzyna , Dziobek Konrad , Gajdeczka Julia , Madowicz Jarosław , Strojny Damian , Boroń Kacper , Żurawski Jakub
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: In this study, serum selenium levels in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were evaluated to identify potential predictive markers of disease activity. Conducted in 100 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients (54 CD, 46 UC) and 100 healthy controls, this research provides novel insights through focusing on the regional selenium status of people with IBD in the Polish population, a demographic with limited existing data. Methods: Selenium concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: Significantly lower levels of selenium were observed in CD (64.79 µg/L ± 12.15 µg/L) and UC (68.61 µg/L ± 11.43 µg/L) patients when compared with the controls (90.52 ± 12.00 µg/L, p < 0.0001). Regression analysis identified leukocyte and erythrocyte counts and bilirubin as significant predictors of selenium levels in UC patients, while no significant predictors were found for CD. Conclusions: The findings suggest that selenium deficiency is linked to IBD and may serve as a non-invasive biomarker for disease severity, particularly in UC. This practical approach offers a potential alternative to invasive procedures such as endoscopy for monitoring disease progression. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings in larger populations and explore the therapeutic role of selenium supplementation in IBD management.
The Combined Effect of Western Diet Consumption and Diclofenac Administration Alters the Gut Microbiota and Promotes Anastomotic Leakage in the Distal Colon
Authors: Arron Melissa N. N. , Bluiminck Stijn , ten Broek Richard P. G. , Ederveen Thomas H. A. , Alpert Lindsay , Zaborina Olga , Alverdy John C. , van Goor Harry
Published: September 2024

Background: Obesity, Western diet (WD) consumption, and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are co-occurring and modifiable factors associated with microbiome dysbiosis and anastomotic leakage. We studied the combined effect of a Western-type diet (WD) and diclofenac, a standard NSAID used in surgical patients, on anastomotic healing and gut microbiota composition following distal colon resection. Methods: Forty-two rats were fed a WD for 6 weeks, after which they were randomized to either parenteral diclofenac 3 mg/kg/day or saline started on the day of surgery and continued for three days. The surgical procedure involved distal colon resection with anastomosis. Animals were sacrificed on postoperative day (POD)-3 or POD-5. Anastomotic healing was assessed and correlated with diclofenac treatment and gut microbiota composition, analyzed by 16S rRNA marker gene amplicon sequencing. Mucosal integrity of the anastomosis was evaluated by histological analysis. Results: Anastomotic leakage rate was 100 percent (8/8) in diclofenac-treated rats and 10 percent (1/10) in saline-treated controls on POD-5. Diclofenac administration in WD-fed animals induced a shift in microbiota composition, characterized by an increase in microbiota diversity on POD-5 and a significant 15-fold, 4-fold, and 16-fold increase of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia, respectively. Diclofenac use in WD-fed animals caused mucosal erosion on POD-5, a phenomenon not observed in control animals. Conclusions: Consumption of a Western diet combined with diclofenac administration shifts the microbiota composition, associated with clinically relevant AL in the distal colon of rats.
Superhydrophobicity, Photocatalytic Self-Cleaning and Biocidal Activity Combined in a Siloxane-ZnO Composite for the Protection of Limestone
Authors: Manoudis Panagiotis N. , Zuburtikudis Ioannis , Konstantopoulos Georgios , Khalifeh Hadil Abu , Kottaridi Christine , Karapanagiotis Ioannis
Published: September 2024

The erosion phenomena of the natural stone in cultural heritage are induced by various sources. Consequently, the development of multifunctional protective materials that combine two or more useful properties is an effective strategy in addressing the synergistic effects of various erosion mechanisms. A multifunctional coating, consisting of a silane-based precursor and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs), is produced and tested for the protection of limestone. The hybrid coating combines the following three properties: superhydrophobicity, including water-repellency, photocatalytic self-cleaning and biocidal activity. The relative concentration of the NPs (0.8% w/w), used for the suggested composite coating, is carefully selected according to wetting studies, colourimetric measurements and durability (tape peeling) tests. The non-wetting state is evidenced on the surface of the composite coating by the large contact angle of water drops (≈153°) and the small contact angle hysteresis (≈5°), which gives rise to a physical self-cleaning scenario (lotus effect). The photocatalytic chemical self-cleaning is shown with the removal of methylene blue, induced by UV-A radiation. Moreover, it is shown that the suggested coating hinders the incubation of E. coli and S. aureus, as the inhibitions are 94.8 and 99.9%, respectively. Finally, preliminary studies reveal the chemical stability of the suggested coating.
A Reinforced Whale Optimization Algorithm for Solving Mathematical Optimization Problems
Authors: Ma Yunpeng , Wang Xiaolu , Meng Wanting
Published: September 2024

The whale optimization algorithm has several advantages, such as simple operation, few control parameters, and a strong ability to jump out of the local optimum, and has been used to solve various practical optimization problems. In order to improve its convergence speed and solution quality, a reinforced whale optimization algorithm (RWOA) was designed. Firstly, an opposition-based learning strategy is used to generate other optima based on the best optimal solution found during the algorithm’s iteration, which can increase the diversity of the optimal solution and accelerate the convergence speed. Secondly, a dynamic adaptive coefficient is introduced in the two stages of prey and bubble net, which can balance exploration and exploitation. Finally, a kind of individual information-reinforced mechanism is utilized during the encircling prey stage to improve the solution quality. The performance of the RWOA is validated using 23 benchmark test functions, 29 CEC-2017 test functions, and 12 CEC-2022 test functions. Experiment results demonstrate that the RWOA exhibits better convergence accuracy and algorithm stability than the WOA on 20 benchmark test functions, 21 CEC-2017 test functions, and 8 CEC-2022 test functions, separately. Wilcoxon’s rank sum test shows that there are significant statistical differences between the RWOA and other algorithms
Correction: Zhang et al. A Study on the Mechanism and Properties of a Self-Powered H2O2 Electrochemical Sensor Based on a Fuel Cell Configuration with FePc and Graphene Cathode Catalyst Materials. Biosensors 2024, 14, 290
Authors: Zhang Yunong , Offenhäusser Andreas , Mourzina Yulia
Published: September 2024

In this published publication [...]
The Potential Challenges and Limitations of Implementing Modern Office Design Features in Residential Spaces: A SPAR-4-SLR Approach
Authors: Rotimi James Olabode Bamidele , Moshood Taofeeq Durojaye , Rotimi Funmilayo Ebun
Published: September 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered how people work, with an increasing number transitioning to working from home (WFH). This paradigm shift has raised various challenges in adapting living spaces to meet the needs of remote work. Dedicated workspaces or home offices need to be customized for creativity and productivity. Thus, this systematic literature review explores the potential challenges and limitations of implementing modern office design features in residential environments. The study synthesizes findings from 108 peer-reviewed articles published within the last decade, focusing on ergonomics, productivity, work–life balance, and spatial constraints. The study found several challenges in translating office design features to home settings. Firstly, spatial limitations in residential areas often restrict the implementation of open-plan layouts and collaborative zones, which are hallmarks of modern office designs. Secondly, the integration of ergonomic furniture and adjustable workstations are limited by budget constraints and the dual-purpose nature of many home spaces. Furthermore, the review highlights the psychological challenges of maintaining work–life boundaries when professional and personal spaces overlap. Noise pollution and distractions emerge as significant factors impacting productivity in home offices, which contrasts controlled modern office environments. The review suggests that the complete replication of modern office design in homes may be impractical; a hybrid approach that adapts key features to residential constraints could enhance home office productivity. Potential solutions could include modular furniture designs, the simulation of collaborative spaces, and the development of noise-cancelling technologies specifically for home environments. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on remote work environments and provides valuable insights for enhancing work–life balance, environmental sustainability, and economic growth.
Transition Approaches towards Positive Energy Districts: A Systematic Review
Authors: Turci Giulia , Civiero Paolo , Aparisi-Cerdá Isabel , Marotta Ilaria , Massa Gilda
Published: September 2024

The positive energy district (PED) concept is attracting growing research interest; however, the need for practical approaches to facilitate their implementation remains crucial. This study, framed in the COST Action ‘Positive Energy Districts European Network’, offers a comprehensive review of the roadmaps, pathways, and guidelines—namely ‘PED-Transition Approaches’—currently available to support the implementation of district-scale innovative models, thereby advancing energy transitions and enhancing livability at the city level. The review involved a systematic search and web scraping of documents, including scientific and grey literature, as well as EU-funded projects’ reports. The studies were identified according to multiple filters and eligibility criteria, then categorised in a structured repository using a multidimensional matrix, and finally examined following three-levels of detail (i.e., bibliometric study) overview and in-depth analysis. The findings reflect the main characteristics, gaps, and challenges in PED implementation by underlying the growing need for effective step-by-step, user-centric, and context-based transition approaches. In conclusion, the research, building on an extensive literature of multiple inspirational methodologies and their associated use cases, is a strong basis to develop sequential pathways to facilitate PED implementation among key stakeholders in a short–medium-term perspective towards a climate-neutral city vision.
The Cost-Optimal Control of Building Air Conditioner Loads Based on Machine Learning: A Case Study of an Office Building in Nanjing
Authors: Guo Zhenwei , Wang Xinyu , Wang Yao , Zhu Fenglei , Zhou Haizhu , Zhang Miao , Wang Yuxiang
Published: September 2024

Building envelopes and indoor environments exhibit thermal inertia, forming a virtual energy storage system in conjunction with the building air conditioner (AC) system. This system represents a current demand response resource for building electricity use. Thus, this study centers on the CatBoost algorithm within machine learning (ML) technology, utilizing the LASSO regression model for feature selection and applying the Optuna framework for hyperparameter optimization (HPO) to develop a cost-optimal control method for minimizing building AC loads. This method addresses the challenges associated with traditional load forecasting and control methods, which are often impacted by environmental temperature, building parameters, and user behavior uncertainties. These methods struggle to accurately capture the complex dynamics and nonlinear relationships of AC operations, making it difficult to devise AC operation and virtual energy storage scheduling strategies effectively. The proposed method was applied and validated using a case study of an office building in Nanjing, China. The prediction results showed coefficient of variation in root mean square error (CV-RMSE) values of 6.4% and 2.2%. Compared with the original operating conditions, the indoor temperature remained within a comfortable range, the AC load was reduced by 5.25%, and the operating energy costs were reduced by 24.94%. These results demonstrate that the proposed method offers improved computational efficiency, enhanced model performance, and economic benefits.
A Control Optimization Model for a Double-Skin Facade Based on the Random Forest Algorithm
Authors: Sun Qing , Du Yifan , Yan Xiuying , Song Junwei , Zhao Long
Published: September 2024

Abstract: This study addresses the current difficulties in accurately controlling the indoor temperature of double-skin facades (DSFs), and its optimization, with a focus on the window opening angles of double-skin facades. The Spearman correlation coefficient method was used to select the main meteorological factors, including outdoor temperature, dew point temperature, scattered radiation, direct radiation, and window opening angle. A modified random forest algorithm was used to construct the optimization model and 80% of the data were used for model training. In the experiments, the average accuracy of the optimization model was as high as 93.5% for all window opening angles. This study provides a data-driven method for application to double-skin facades, which can effectively determine and control the window opening angles of double-skin facades to achieve energy saving and emission reduction, reduce indoor temperature, improve comfort, and provide a practical basis for decision-making. Future research will further explore the applicability and accuracy of the model under different climatic conditions.
Exploring the Synthesis of Novel Sillenite Bi12SnO20: Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Phase Formation and Catalytic Performance
Authors: Baaloudj Oussama , Kenfoud Hamza , Brienza Monica , El Jery Atef , Aldrdery Moutaz , Assadi Aymen Amin
Published: September 2024

Sillenite materials have been the focus of intense research in recent years due to their unique properties and distinct structure with the I23 space group. This electronic structure has reflected high-quality applications and results for some environmental processes such as photocatalysis. This paper investigates the synthesis of a new sillenite, Bi12SnO20, and its characteristics, emphasizing its potential for photocatalytic applications. The sillenite Bi12SnO20 has been synthesized through the co-precipitation method by mixing the appropriate ratio of Bi and Sn ions. The obtained particles after precipitation and drying were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and then calcined at different temperatures based on this analysis. The phase has been identified by structural analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and its morphology after identification was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The calcination temperature has been found to have a critical role in obtaining the phase, where the phase was found to be formed at temperatures between 310 and 400 °C and changed to other phases within higher temperatures. The physicochemical properties of this sillenite were also studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV Visible Spectrometer (UV-Vis). To study the obtained phases at different calcination temperatures, performance testing was performed under visible light to remove different contaminants, which are Tetracycline, Bisphenol A, and Rhodamine B. The phase Bi12SnO20 obtained at 350 °C with a catalyst dose of 1 g/L showed the highest performance for removing these pollutants with concentrations of 20 mg/L, with an efficiency of almost 100% within 2 h. This work will be useful as an important resource and strategy for the development of this sillenite material in its pure phase.
A Spy Chemistry-Based Method for Purification of Proteins with Authentic N-Termini
Authors: Yang Xiaofeng , Chen Binrui , Lao Zisha , Xiang Ya , Lin Zhanglin
Published: September 2024

Protein purification is essential in life sciences and biomanufacturing. Tag-mediated protein affinity chromatography (AC) enables the preparation of recombinant proteins with medium to high purity. However, traditional AC methods often require expensive resins and additional tag removal steps. Here, we introduce a purification method for proteins with authentic N-termini based on reusable SpyDock-modified epoxy resin and a pH-inducible self-cleavage intein. This method was validated using SpyTag002-fused red fluorescent protein (RFP) and applied to purify three model proteins: glutathione S-transferase (GST), human growth hormone (hGH), and the nanobody caplacizumab, directly from cell lysates. The purified proteins achieved high purities (92–98%) and comparable yields to the commercial His-tag method. The preparation of the SpyDock-modified resin is straightforward, and SpyDock can be easily produced via standard Escherichia coli fermentation processes, making it potentially suitable for industrial-scale applications.
Salophen-Type Schiff Bases Functionalized with Pyridinium Halide Units as Metal-Free Catalysts for Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Carbon Dioxide and Terminal Epoxides
Authors: Kawka Aleksandra , Bester Karol , Bukowska Agnieszka , Bukowski Wiktor
Published: September 2024

Objectives: Salophen-type Schiff bases functionalized with 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium halide units are shown to be effective single-component catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from terminal epoxides and carbon dioxide. Methods: Using one of such trifunctional organocatalysts, epichlorohydrin could be selectively converted to the target cyclic carbonate under 2 bar of CO2 at 120 °C. Results: Over 80% conversion of E3 was then observed when organocatalyst S3 was used in the amount of 0.5 mol% (TON = 156) and even the use of 0.05 mol% S3 guaranteed almost 50% conversion of E3 to C3 (TON = 893). Conclusions: The presence of tertiary amine units in the molecules of these homogeneous organocatalysts proved to be crucial for the catalytic activity of developed organocatalysts. However, their catalytic activity was also supported by the presence of acidic phenolic units and halide ions as Lewis bases. Some closely related compounds were found to be clearly less active or inactive catalytically under the applied reaction conditions.
Lumican/Lumikine Promotes Healing of Corneal Epithelium Debridement by Upregulation of EGFR Ligand Expression via Noncanonical Smad-Independent TGFβ/TBRs Signaling
Authors: Kao Winston W. Y. , Zhang Jianhua , Venkatakrishnan Jhuwala , Chang Shao-Hsuan , Yuan Yong , Yamanaka Osamu , Xia Ying , Gesteira Tarsis F. , Verma Sudhir , Coulson-Thomas Vivien J. , Liu Chia-Yang
Published: September 2024

The synthetic peptide of lumican C-terminal 13 amino acids with the cysteine replaced by an alanine, hereafter referred to as lumikine (LumC13C-A: YEALRVANEVTLN), binds to TGFβ type I receptor/activin-like kinase5 (TBR1/ALK5) in the activated TGFβ receptor complex to promote corneal epithelial wound healing. The present study aimed to identify the minimum essential amino acid epitope necessary to exert the effects of lumikine via ALK5 and to determine the role of the Y (tyrosine) residue for promoting corneal epithelium wound healing. This study also aimed to determine the signaling pathway(s) triggered by lumican–ALK5 binding. For such, adult Lum knockout (Lum−/−) mice (~8–12 weeks old) were subjected to corneal epithelium debridement using an Agerbrush®. The injured eyes were treated with 10 µL eye drops containing 0.3 µM synthetic peptides designed based on the C-terminal region of lumican for 5–6 h. To unveil the downstream signaling pathways involved, inhibitors of the Alk5 and EGFR signaling pathways were co-administered or not. Corneas isolated from the experimental mice were subjected to whole-mount staining and imaged under a ZEISS Observer to determine the distance of epithelium migration. The expression of EGFR ligands was determined following a scratch assay with HTCE (human telomerase-immortalized cornea epithelial cells) in the presence or not of lumikine. Results indicated that shorter LumC-terminal peptides containing EVTLN and substitution of Y with F in lumikine abolishes its capability to promote epithelium migration indicating that Y and EVTLN are essential but insufficient for Lum activity. Lumikine activity is blocked by inhibitors of Alk5, EGFR, and MAPK signaling pathways, while EGF activity is only suppressed by EGFR and MAPK inhibitors. qRT-PCR of scratched HTCE cells cultures treated with lumikine showed upregulated expression of several EGFR ligands including epiregulin (EREG). Treatment with anti-EREG antibodies abolished the effects of lumikine in corneal epithelium debridement healing. The observations suggest that Lum/lumikine binds Alk5 and promotes the noncanonical Smad-independent TGFβ/TBRs signaling pathways during the healing of corneal epithelium debridement.
Experiences in Coping with Stress—A Qualitative Study of Family Caregivers of Children with Medical Complexity
Authors: Layshock Mikhaila N. , Porter Amy S. , Bogetz Jori F. , McLachlan Lydia , Weill Sydney , Rosenberg Abby , Winger Joseph G. , Houtrow Amy , Noll Robert B. , Schenker Yael , Yu Justin A.
Published: September 2024

Objective: To better understand the strategies family caregivers of children with medical complexity (CMC) utilize to deal with the stress and challenges associated with caregiving. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional qualitative study among family caregivers of CMC receiving medical care at a children’s hospital in Western Pennsylvania. Participants completed in-depth, semi-structured interviews focused on how CMC family caregivers approach and manage caregiving-related challenges and stress. Using constant comparative methodology, we inductively analyzed deidentified transcripts for emergent themes. Results: We interviewed 19 participants (89.4% female) with a mean age of 43 years (range 32–54 years). The mean age of the participants’ children was 10.8 years (range 1–20 years). Twelve participants’ children identified as white and four identified as Black. Three central themes regarding CMC caregivers’ stress-coping strategies emerged: (1) maintaining a positive mindset, (2) developing and relying on interpersonal support networks, and (3) making time for self-preservation. All three themes were universally reported (n = 19/19) by our participants. The most common subthemes for each theme, respectively, focused on staying hopeful and celebrating moments of joy; cultivating supportive relationships with family, friends, and fellow CMC family caregivers; and finding pleasure in “little things” (e.g., everyday activities and hobbies). Conclusion: Family caregivers of CMC utilize a multi-faceted approach to cope with the stress and challenges routinely encountered in caring for CMC. This study’s findings could be used to inform future clinical efforts and research directions aiming to improve clinicians’ ability to support CMC caregivers’ well-being.
Comment on van Gemert et al. Asymptomatic Infant Rib Fractures Are Primarily Non-abuse-Related and Should Not Be Used to Assess Physical Child Abuse. Children 2023, 10, 1827
Authors: Herrmann Bernd , Brüning Tanja , Banaschak Sibylle , Berthold Oliver
Published: September 2024

We are deeply concerned about the scientific quality of the article “Asymptomatic Infant Rib Fractures Are Primarily Non-abuse-Related and Should Not Be Used to Assess Physical Child Abuse” published in the journal Children in 2023 by van Gemert et al [...]
Measuring Food Insecurity in Children under 5 Years of Age with Acute Undernutrition in Valle Del Cauca—Colombia
Authors: Parra-Pinzon Laura Valentina , Pinzon-Gomez Elisa Maria , Pico-Fonseca Sayda Milena , Hurtado Isabel Cristina , Guzman-Benavides Ana Rocio , Pantoja-Rodríguez Olmer Alexander
Published: September 2024

Malnutrition is a global problem that affects all countries in one or more of its forms, representing one of the greatest challenges worldwide. One of the key contributing factors is food insecurity, which must be evaluated in children with moderate and severe acute malnutrition, as they are at imminent risk of death. Objective: Our objective was to assess food insecurity among children under 5 years old with moderate, and severe malnutrition from Valle del Cauca, a state located in the southwestern region of Colombia. Methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted, including children whose weight-for-height (W/H) indicator was below 2 SD, as recorded on the World Health Organization (WHO) growth charts, or who exhibited severe malnutrition phenotypes such as marasmus or Kwashiorkor. Family and child food security were evaluated using the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA). Results: 58.6% of households with acutely malnourished children experienced food insecurity. A statistically significant relationship was found between food insecurity and children of Afro-Colombian and Indigenous descent. According to caregivers’ perceptions, 30.2% of child malnutrition cases were related to poor feeding and caregiving practices. Conclusions: Not all children with acute malnutrition suffer from food insecurity. Therefore, the findings of this research suggest that governmental efforts should focus not only on ensuring food availability, but also on educating caregivers about the importance of a balanced and nutritious diet tailored to the specific characteristics of each region and promoting appropriate caregiving practices.
Editorial on Asymptomatic Rib Fractures and Their Relationship to Child Abuse
Authors: Muensterer Oliver J. , Möhler Eva
Published: September 2024

Children recently published a Special Issue that focuses on child abuse and neglect as severe adverse childhood experiences [...]
The Preparation and Characterization of an Alginate–Chitosan-Active Bilayer Film Incorporated with Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) Residue Extract
Authors: Acuña-Pacheco Leslie V. , Moreno-Robles Ana L. , Plascencia-Jatomea Maribel , Del Toro-Sánchez Carmen L. , Ayala-Zavala Jesús F. , Tapia-Hernández José A. , Moreno-Vásquez María J. , Graciano-Verdugo Abril Z.
Published: September 2024

The agricultural production of asparagus generates a significant number of residues rich in bioactive compounds, most of which are wasted. In this study, active edible films with antioxidant and antibacterial properties for food packaging were developed using ethanolic extracts obtained from asparagus residues. These ethanolic extracts of asparagus residue (AspE) were incorporated (1 y 4 wt%) into sodium alginate (SA) solutions for the preparation of alginate–chitosan (SA/CS) bilayer films using the casting method, and they were characterized by optical, structural, mechanical, and thermal properties. In addition, the total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity were determined. The results showed that the SA/CS film with 1% AspE had better optical, structural, mechanical, and thermal properties due to its color, flexibility, and homogeneity. Both films incorporated with AspE exhibited antioxidant and antibacterial activity, with higher activity in the film with 4% AspE. However, this film showed shrinkage and surface irregularities that make its application in food packaging difficult, so the formulation with 1% AspE was considered better for this type of application. This study shows that asparagus residues can be a valuable source of bioactive compounds for the food industry, indicating the potential for the valorization of this agri-food waste.
Effect of Initial Intergranular Ferrite Size on Induction Hardening Microstructure of Microalloyed Steel 38MnVS6
Authors: Kong Dequn , Zhou Jian , Dong Weiwei , Cai Li , Qu Chunyu
Published: September 2024

In this study, we investigated the effect of grain size of an initial microstructure (pearlite + ferrite) on a resulting microstructure of induction-hardened microalloyed steel 38MnVS6, which is one topical medium carbon vanadium microalloyed non-quenched and tempered steel used in manufacturing crankshafts for high-power engines. The results show that a coarse initial microstructure could contribute to the incomplete transformation of pearlite + ferrite into austenite in reaustenitization transformation by rapid heating, and the undissolved ferrite remains and locates between the neighboring prior austenite grains after the induction-hardening process. As the coarseness level of the initial microstructure increases from 102 μm to 156 μm, the morphology of undissolved ferrite varies as granule, film, semi-network, and network, in sequence. The undissolved ferrite structures have a thickness of 250–500 nm and appear dark under an optical metallographic view field. To achieve better engineering applications, it is not recommended to eliminate the undissolved ferrite by increasing much heating time for samples with coarser initial microstructures. It is better to achieve a fine original microstructure before the induction-hardening process. For example, microalloying addition of vanadium and titanium plays a role of metallurgical grain refinement via intragranular ferrite nucleation on more sites, and the heating temperature and time of the forging process should be strictly controlled to ensure the existence of fine prior austenite grains before subsequent isothermal phase transformation to pearlite + ferrite.
[18F]FDG PET/CT Integration in Evaluating Immunotherapy for Lung Cancer: A Clinician’s Practical Approach
Authors: Brezun Juliette , Aide Nicolas , Peroux Evelyne , Lamboley Jean-Laurent , Gutman Fabrice , Lussato David , Helissey Carole
Published: September 2024

The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment paradigm of lung cancer, resulting in notable enhancements in patient survival. Nevertheless, evaluating treatment response in patients undergoing immunotherapy poses distinct challenges due to unconventional response patterns like pseudoprogressive disease (PPD), dissociated response (DR), and hyperprogressive disease (HPD). Conventional response criteria such as the RECIST 1.1 may not adequately address these complexities. To tackle this issue, novel response criteria such as the iRECIST and imRECIST have been proposed, enabling a more comprehensive assessment of treatment response by incorporating additional scans and considering the best overall response even after radiologic progressive disease evaluation. Additionally, [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging has emerged as a valuable modality for evaluating treatment response, with various metabolic response criteria such as the PERCIMT, imPERCIST, and iPERCIST developed to overcome the limitations of traditional criteria, particularly in detecting pseudoprogression. A multidisciplinary approach involving oncologists, radiologists, and nuclear medicine specialists is crucial for effectively navigating these complexities and enhancing patient outcomes in the era of immunotherapy for lung cancer. In this review, we delineate the key components of these guidelines, summarizing essential aspects for radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians. Furthermore, we provide insights into how imaging can guide the management of individual lung cancer patients in real-world multidisciplinary settings.
Radiofrequency Echographic Multi Spectrometry (REMS) Technology for Bone Health Status Evaluation in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Fassio Angelo , Adami Giovanni , Andreola Stefano , Ferraro Pietro Manuel , Pisani Paola , Lombardi Fiorella Anna , Viapiana Ombretta , Rossini Maurizio , Caletti Chiara , Gambaro Giovanni , Gatti Matteo , Gatti Davide
Published: September 2024

Background: A significant loss in bone density and strength occurs during the post-renal-transplant period with higher susceptibility to fracture. The study aims to compare the performance of the Radiofrequency Echographic Multi Spectrometry (REMS) in the bone mineral density assessment with the conventional dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a cohort of kidney transplant recipients (KTR). Methods: A cohort of 40 patients underwent both DXA and REMS examinations on the lumbar spine and/or proximal femur. The paired t-test was used to compare DXA and REMS measurements; the chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of osteoporosis/osteopenia. The agreement between the two techniques was assessed through Spearman’s correlation. Results: As expected, most KTR patients were osteopenic or osteoporotic with both REMS and DXA (86.5% and 81% for the femur; 88% and 65% for the lumbar spine p < 0.05). A modest correlation (r = 0.4, p < 0.01) was observed at the lumbar spine between the T-score measured by REMS and DXA. A strong correlation was defined between REMS and DXA in the femoral region (r = 0.7, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The study demonstrates the exchangeability of the two techniques on the proximal femur in KTR and a higher diagnostic accuracy of REMS at the spine level than DXA.