bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perancangan Design Mesin Pelontar Pakan Ikan Berbasis Mikrokontroler Arduino Mega 2560
Authors: Aziz Malik Abdul , Girawan Bayu Aji , Pribadi Joko Setia , Fadillah Fadillah , Mardiyana Mardiyana
Published: February 2022

Fish feeder machine is a machine designed to perform a feeding process that works automatically according to a predetermined feeding schedule, this machine can help improve efficiency both in terms of feed quantity and time in the feeding process. The purpose of designing and calculating machine elements in this Fish Feeder is to calculate parts of machine elements, determine the concept of machine design, draw machine drawing detail, and determine bill of material. The manufacture of this machine uses approach method of James H Earle and concept selection using the method of Stuart Pugh, drawing software using Solidworks 2015 and working drawing using ISO Standard. The design of the throwing machine that has been made is the result of a literature approach and field surveys (direct surveys at the Fisheries Service and at the Fish Seed Center where fish feed throwing machines are needed). This machine needs a continuous process of development and testing
Prognostic significance of non-thyroidal illness syndrome in sepsis and septic shock cases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wironegoro Rio , Kloping Nabila Ananda , Witarto Andro Pramana , Nugraha David , Yogiswara Niwanda , Luke Kevin , Kloping Yudhistira Pradnyan , Maulydia Maulydia , Adi Soebagijo
Published: February 2022

Background: This study aimed to assess non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) as a prognostic determinant in patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock by evaluating thyroid hormone (TH) levels.

Methodology: A systematic search was performed through electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Medline. Following medical subject headings (MeSH) and free-text terms: "euthyroid sick syndrome" or "Euthyroid Sick Syndromes" or "non–thyroidal illness syndrome" or "non–thyroidal illness syndrome" or "sick euthyroid syndrome" or "low T3 syndrome" or "low tri-iodothyronine syndrome" AND "sepsis" or "septic shock" or "systemic inflammatory response syndrome" or "septicemia" or "bacteremia". Boolean operators’ combinations were applied to broaden and narrow the search results. Investigators independently reviewed the search results. For the purpose of the meta-analysis each thyroid hormone level was converted into the same unit: nmol/L for T3, T4 and rT3; μIU/mL for TSH; and pmol/L for fT3 and fT4. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata Statistical Software: Release 16. College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC.

Results: A total of 843 patients from 9 studies were included in this analysis. In septic patients, the lowest effect size of thyroid function parameter was TSH (g = 2.05; 95% CI = 1.56-2.54), while T3, fT3, and fT4 had the lowest effect size in severe septic patients (g [95%CI]: 0.83 [0.22-1.44]; 1.92 [0.57-3.27]; 1.00 [0.87-1.13]). Patients with septic shock had the highest effect size of TSH (g = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.54-2.61) and fT4 (g = 9.26; 95% CI = 0.98-17.53). Meanwhile, the lowest was T4 (g = 65.60; 95% CI = 64.63-66.57) and rT3 (g = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.24-0.34). A lower effect size of T3 (g = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.76-0.91), T4 (g = 59.48; 95% CI = 57.92-61.04), fT3 (g = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.83-2.66), and fT4 (g = 9.19; 95% CI = 1.56-16.81) were found in non-survivor groups.

Conclusion: Thyroid hormone levels differ according to the severity of sepsis in septic patients. Non-thyroidal illness syndrome is a prognostic factor in septic patients and is associated with the risk of the mortality.

Abbreviations: ESS - Euthyroid Sick Syndrome; NTIS - Non-Thyroidal Illness Syndrome; Tg - Thyroglobulin

Key words: Non-thyroidal illness syndrome; Euthyroid sick syndrome; Sepsis; Septic shock; Prognosis

Citation: Wironegoro R, Kloping NA, Witarto AP, Nugraha D, Yogiswara N, Luke K, KlopingYP, Maulydia M, Adi S. Prognostic significance of non-thyroidal illness syndrome in sepsis and septic shock cases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;26(1):54-62.

DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i1.1768

Received: July 16, 2021, Reviewed: December 15, 2021, Accepted: December 28, 2021
A Comparative Analysis of Back Handspring and Forward Handspring with Angular Kinematics Variables
Authors: Y. S Rajpoot , Kumar Rathor Sandesh
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of kinematic variables between two. Back handspring and Forward Handspring performance of 05 male gymnasts of L.N.I.P.E, Gwalior was recorded. They aged between 19 to 25 years. Purposive sampling technique was used for choosing highly skilled gymnast. These gymnasts had 7 to 12 years training experience and were technically sound on the stated skills. Videography technique was employed in order to register the performance of the subjects in Back Handspring and Forward Handspring. The Canon – 70D camera was used with the frequency of 24 frames per second and the subjects were video graphed in horizontal plane (sagittal plane) from the left side. Each subject was given three trails and the best trail was used for analysis. The selected phases were taken out from the video by using snipping tool software. From the photographic sequence, the stick figures of the selected movements and there angles were located by kinovea software. The data was analyzed by using Independent T-Test. There were two skills that were Back handspring and Forward handspring which was further divided into two phases, Initial Phase and Ground Touch Phase and Shoulder joint, Elbow Joint and wrist joint were selected as the angular kinematics variables. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The results revealed that all selected angular kinematic variables at all the phase had shown insignificant deference with the Back Handspring and Forward Handspring. On the basis of results it is concluded that that the performance of any games and sports depending upon the multidimensional factors such as physical factors, physiological factors, psychological factors and so many other factors.
Epidemiological and Therapeutic Profile of Leishmaniasis in the Province of Al Haouz-Morocco
Authors: Lazrak Fatima Zahrae , Doha Ait Antar , Bezaze Mina , Jader Mustapha , Sbai M. , Moutaj Redouane , Mezouari El Mostafa El
Published: February 2022

The objectives of our study are to trace the epidemiological profile of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in the province of al Haouz and to study the effectiveness of the national control program against leishmaniasis in this endemic area. It is a descriptive epidemiological study of cases recorded in public health facilities (health centers) and in the service of infrastructure and provincial ambulatory activities (SIAAP) of the province al Haouz between 2015 and 2019. Also it is an evaluative study of the provincial leishmaniasis control program. We found 264 cases of CL (94.96%) and 14 cases of VL (5.03%). The age groups most affected by CL were 0-5 years and pediatric cases (age less than 15 years) represented 74.62 percent of all CL cases. Females accounted for 61.15 percent of CL cases. The evolution of the number of notified cases of CL each year showed significant variations with a minimum value of 36 in 2015 and a maximum value of 70 in 2018 with an average number of CL cases recorded per year of 52 cases. The period at risk of CL contamination was the second and third quarter of the year with a percentage of 69.7 percent. 93.18 percent of communes affected by CL were rural communes. Passive screening was 96.59 percent with a number of LC cases of 255. 248 CL cases (93.93% of cases) were treated locally and 2 cases (0.75%) were treated systemically. 14 cases of VL were recorded, with a minimum value of 1 case in 2016 and a maximum value of 5 cases in 2017.All cases were treated by general route. In the present study, the analysis of the annual incidence of CL per 100,000 inhabitants showed a clear decrease in this indicator from 4.48 in 2015 to 1.65 in 2019.
Patterns Among Healthcare Workers of Bangalore About Face Mask Usage: A Single-Center Observational Study
Authors: Mavaji Arun , Raju Umashankar , Kirubakaran Suresh , Khanderi Chinmayee , Hiremath Madhu
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Face masks prevent acute respiratory infections. Healthcare workers are prone to infections owing to their direct and constant exposure to infected patients. This pioneering study in Bangalore city, analyzed the awareness and attitude of healthcare staff toward using a face mask.

Methods

This observational study was conducted among 290 subjects (mean age, 33.89 ± 7.88 years; male:female ratio, 1:2.67). The study included all the healthcare workers from various departments. Data on basic demographic characteristics, attitude, awareness, and observations on the use of face mask were collected.

Results

A large proportion of the sample were from the nursing department (n = 161, 55.51%). Most of the healthcare workers believed that making wearing a mask mandatory in public was very effective (80%) and 79% believed that wearing a mask could prevent the spread of coronavirus. Most of the healthcare workers said they would wear masks even when not mandatory. Most of them used an N95 mask or an N95 mask along with a surgical mask. Almost all were conscious of wearing the mask above the nose, covering the mouth and chin (289, 99.65%). A significantly higher number of doctors (medical postgraduates) (17, 45.95%, p = 0.01) used two masks when compared with others. Significantly fewer doctors (4, 10.81%) and other healthcare staff (8, 22.22%) reused masks (p = 0.002). Most of them used the mask only once, and those who reused it, cleaned it on alternate days (< 0.001). Sun-drying or air-drying, preceded by washing with detergent or soap, were the cleaning methods used, and most used paper or plastic bags to store the masks when not in use. Most of them did not use hand sanitizer before wearing the mask but followed all other precautions and measures to prevent infection.

Conclusions

Most of the healthcare workers believed the use of masks could prevent virus transmission. A significantly higher number of doctors used two masks when compared with other healthcare staff. Significantly fewer doctors and other healthcare staff reused masks when compared with nurses and technicians.
De rerum natura: On the Nature of Existence and the Existence of Nature in the mundo maya and Beyond
Authors: Kettunen Harri
Published: February 2022

word for ‘nature.’ Th e lack of such terminology stems from the fact that the division between the human realm and the environment we live in has not been (historically or culturally) as separated as it is in the modern world. However, while there are no traditional words for ‘nature’ in Mayan languages, some of the languages use descriptive terms or neologisms that are oft en translated as ‘nature’ in dictionaries and other linguistic sources. The focus of this article is to understand the concept of nature in the Maya worldview based primarily on linguistic sources.
ADVANTAGES OF CREATING A DIGITAL ECOSYSTEM
Authors: Володина Н.Л.
Published: February 2022

Введение. Статья посвящена исследованию функционирования промышленных предприятий как цифровых экосистем. В статье проанализированы мнения специалистов о содержании цифровой экосистемы и ее ключевых параметрах. Сделан вывод о необходимости структурного управления цифровыми экосистемами. Данные и методы. В статье дано определение понятий экосистемы, цифровой экосистемы как необходимой формой эффективного взаимодействия стейкхолдеров для обеспечения получения выгод и создания ценности, используя цифровые платформы и технологии. При исследовании использовались статистические методы, метод аналогий, данные научных и аналитических публикаций по рассматриваемой проблеме, ресурсы сети интернет. Полученные результаты. Авторами представлена систематизация представлений о экосистемном подходе. В статье выделены отличительные особенности и преимущества реализации цифровой экосистемы. Заключение. Результаты представленного в статье исследования могут быть использованы в качестве теоретической и доказательной базы для принятия решения о создании и функционировании цифровой экосистемы.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the functioning of industrial enterprises as digital ecosystems. The article analyzes the opinions of experts on the content of the digital eco-system and its key parameters. The conclusion is made about the need for structural management of digital ecosystems. Data and methods. The article defines the concepts of ecosystem, digital ecosystem as a necessary form of effective interaction of stakeholders to ensure benefits and value creation using digital platforms and technologies. Statistical methods, the method of analogies, data from scientific and analytical publications on the problem under consideration, and Internet resources were used in the study. The results obtained. The authors present a systematization of ideas about the ecosystem approach. The article highlights the distinctive features and advantages of the implementation of the digital ecosystem. Conclusion. The results of the research presented in the article can be used as a theoretical and evidence base for making a decision on the creation and functioning of a digital ecosystem.
Using Proactive Legal Strategies for Corporate Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Berger-Walliser Gerlinde , Shrivastava Paul , Sulkowski Adam
Published: February 2022

We argue that proactive law can help organizations be more sustainable. Toward that end, this Article first summarizes proactive law literature as it pertains to corporate sustainability. Next, it examines a series of cases on the pivotal nexus between proactive law and corporate sustainability. It then advances novel propositions that connect proactive law to central organizational design elements. The discussion traces further implications and suggests fruitful avenues for research and ways of using proactive law for firms to become more sustainable.
Making Bureaucracies Think Distributively: Reforming the Administrative State with Action-Forcing Distributional Review
Authors: Tsuda Kenta
Published: February 2022

This Article proposes that agencies analyze the distributional impacts of major regulatory actions, subject to notice-and-comment procedures and judicial review. The proposal responds to the legitimacy crisis that the administrative state currently faces in a period of widening economic inequality. Other progressive reform proposals emphasize the need for democratization of agencies. But these reforms fail to address the two fundamental pitfalls of bureaucratic governance: the “knowledge problem”—epistemic limitations on centrally coordinated decision making—and the “incentives problem”—the challenge of aligning the incentives of administrative agents and their political principals.

A successful administrative reform must address both problems. Looking to the environmental context, this Article proposes adapting the approach taken in the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) to confront the contemporary administrative legitimacy crisis. It considers a hypothetical “Distributive Impacts Review Act,” explaining what the statutory scheme would look like and detailing how it would work. The Article concludes by reflecting on potential distributional review’s appeal both to the progressive egalitarians, and to champions of efficient government.
Both Sides of the Rock: Justice Gorsuch and the Seminole Rock Deference Doctrine
Authors: Leske Kevin
Published: February 2022

Despite being early in his tenure on the U.S. Supreme Court, Justice Neil Gorsuch has already made his presence known. His October 16, 2017 statement respecting the denial of certiorari in Scenic America, Inc. v. Department of Transportation garnered significant attention within the legal community. Joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and Justice Samuel Alito, Justice Gorsuch questioned whether the Court’s bedrock 2-part test from Chevron, U.S.A. v. NRDC—whereby courts must defer to an agency’s reasonable interpretation of an ambiguous statutory term—should apply in the case.

Justice Gorsuch’s criticism of the Chevron doctrine was not a surprise. In the months leading up to his confirmation hearing, legal scholars pored over his opinions while he was a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, and they had already unearthed his discomfort with the Chevron doctrine. Similarly, through an analysis of his originalism ideology and textualist approach to judicial decision-making, they have attempted to predict how Justice Gorsuch will decide future cases in other important areas of the law.

To date, however, Justice Gorsuch’s view on the Seminole Rock deference doctrine has gone unexamined by scholars. Known as Chevron’s “doctrinal cousin,” the Seminole Rock doctrine directs federal courts to defer to an administrative agency’s interpretation of its own regulation unless such interpretation “is plainly erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation.” Especially given the profound practical importance of the doctrine in our administrative state and the Court’s recent interest in it, an assessment of Justice Gorsuch’s view is not merely academic.

This essay provides that assessment. First, the essay examines the Seminole Rock deference doctrine and explores the Court’s recent interest in the doctrine. Part II analyzes Justice Gorsuch’s likely view on the Seminole Rock doctrine by examining key Tenth Circuit opinions that will influence his view on Seminole Rock while on the Supreme Court. The essay concludes that although Justice Gorsusch would likely be very skeptical of Seminole Rock, he should ultimately choose to retain the doctrine provided that the Court continues to provide safeguards that would mitigate or even mute any perceived over-reach that the application of Seminole Rock allows in our administrative state.
Hubungan Kebiasaan Mengonsumsi Makanan Paliat dengan Kadar Trigliserida Pada Penduduk Desa Paliat Kec. Kelua
Authors: Amalia Nurul , Nurul Azizah
Published: February 2022

Trigliserida adalah lipid utama ditimbunan lemak dan di dalam makanan. Peran senyawa ini dalam transpor dan penyimpanan lipid serta pada terjadinya berbagai penyakit seperti obesitas, diabetes, dan kelebihan lemak dalam darah (hiperlipoproteinemia). Trigliserida dipakai dalam tubuh terutama untuk menyediakan energi bagi proses metabolik, suatu fungsi yang hampir sama dengan fungsi karbohidrat. Fenomena yang terjadi saat ini pada masyarakat adalah pola makan yang tidak sehat, cenderung mengandung tinggi lipid dan rendah serat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu Mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan mengkonsumsi makanan paliat dengan kadar trigliserida pada penduduk Desa Paliat Kec. Kelua.
Pengukuran Ketaatan Terapi Anti-Hipertensi Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pasien Diabetes Militus Tipe 2 Menggunakan Metode Pill Count Di Uptd Puskesmas Cilacap Tengah 1
Authors: Nugroho Ikhwan Dwi Wahyu , Restu Amalia  , Yuhansyah Nurfauzi
Published: February 2022

Diabetes melitus merupakan kelompok penyakit metabolik yang ditandai kondisi hiperglikemia sebagai dampak dari berkurangnya sekresi insulin, menurunnya kinerja insulin atau keduanya. Hipertensi pada pasien diabetes terjadi karena adanya resistensi insulin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat ketaatan terapi anti-hipertensi dan pengaruhnya terhadap pasien diabetes militus tipe 2. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode non eksperimen yang bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di UPTD Puskesmas Cilacap Tengah 1. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien dewasa prolanis diabetes militus tipe 2 dengan penyakit penyerta hipertensi.  Teknik analisis data dalam kegiatan ini disajikan dalam bentuk analisis deskriptif dan analisis bivariat. Pengukuran tingkat  kepatuhan menggunakan uji statistik chi square dengan α = 0,05. Dalam menghitung sisa obat menggunakan metode pill count dan kuesioner MGLS untuk mengukur tingkat kepatuhan pasien. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran tingkat kepatuhan dari 43 responden terdapat 38 responden (88,4%) memiliki tingkat kepatuhan yang patuh dan sebanyak 5 responden (11,6%) memiliki tingkat kepatuhan yang tidak patuh. Pengukuran tingkat kepatuhan menggunakan kuesioner MGLS dari 43 responden terdapat 2 responden (4,7%) memiliki tingkat kepatuhan rendah, 15 responden (34,9%) memiliki tingkat kepatuhan sedang dan 36 responden (60,5%)memiliki tingkat pengetahuan tinggi. Hubungan antara tingkat kepatuhan metode pil count dengan tekanan darah pasien responden di UPTD Puskesmas Kabupaten Cilacap terdapat hubungan ( p value 0,00 < 0,05) dan hubungan antara tingkat kepatuhan metode kuesioner MGLS dengan tekanan darah pasien responden di UPTD Puskesmas Cilacap Tengah 1 terdapat hubungan ( p value 0,01< 0,05)
Motivational Factors and Achievement of Classroom Teaching Effectiveness in Nigerian Public Secondary Schools
Authors: Oni Adesoji , Soji-Oni Titilayo
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper examined the effect of teachers' motivational factors on the achievement of classroom teaching effectiveness in public secondary schools in Nigeria. A survey research design was used for the study. The respondents were 200 qualified teachers, both males and females randomly selected from 10 public secondary schools in Agege Local Government area of Lagos Nigeria. The research instrument for the study was the questionnaire titled Teachers' Motivation Questionnaire (TMQ). The data collected were analyzed using percentage and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r-test) at 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that if teachers are adequately motivated, they would discharge their duties in the classroom efficiently and effectively. Based on the findings, it was recommended that to ensure classroom teaching effectiveness, a teacher needs not only adjustment and regular payment of salaries and allowances, but the right technology and facilities for efficiency and effective classroom management. Government, parents, and the society were also asked to assist by providing motivational incentives such as housing, car loans, and subsidized health care services as well as organizing skill-development seminars and workshops for teachers. Teaching personnel should be led and not bossed to be effective and efficient.

Keywords: Motivational factors, achievement, classroom, teaching effectiveness
3d-моделювання будівельних об’єктів
Authors: Татарченко Г.О. , Татарченко З.С. , Паніна Н.І. , Білошицька Н.І.
Published: February 2022

Розглянуто перспективи впровадження сучасних BIM-технологій у сфері будівництва. Доведено ефективність та зручність у використанні таких технологій на усіх стадіях проєктування будівель та споруд. Завданням цих технологій є ефективне керування усіма етапами проєкту, підвищення якості та швидкості виконання робіт, мінімалізація виправлень у проєкті. На прикладі спроєктованої будівлі навчального корпусу Східноукраїнського національного університету імені Володимира Даля було доведено необхідність таких технологій у сучасному будівництві.
Адаптаційні моделі варіантного проектування технологій гнучких модульних промислово-будівельних систем
Authors: Уваров П.Є. , Білошицький М. В. , Шпарбер М.Є. , Піддубний С.В.
Published: February 2022

Стаття присвячена актуальним питанням розвитку організаційно-технологічного проектування промислово-будівельних систем. Розглянуто особливості та адаптивність варіантного проектування гнучких модульних технологій промислово-будівельного виробництва, що відображають фактори інженерного забезпечення у завданнях обґрунтування ефективності та організаційно-економічної підготовки виробництва проектів-об'єктів будівництва хімічних підприємств з урахуванням параметрів життєвого циклу їхнього розвитку.
Multiple regression analysis predicts the dynamic of chondrocytes stimulated by magnetic and electric fields
Authors: Vaca-Gonzalez Juan Jairo , Escobar Juan Felipe , Garzon-Alvarado Diego Alexander
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to implement a multiple regression analysis to find mathematical models that estimate the proliferative rate and the molecular synthesis of chondrocytes when these cells are stimulated either by magnetic or electric fields. Methods: Data derived from previous studies performed in our laboratory were used for statistical analyses, which consisted of applying magnetic fields (1 and 2 mT) and electric fields (4 and 8 mV/cm) to chondrocytes. Data from cell proliferation and glycosaminoglycan expression were used to adjust and to validate each mathematical model. Results: The root square model efficiently predicted the chondrocyte dynamics, evidencing determination coefficients of R2 = 92.04 for proliferation and R2 = 70.95 for glycosaminoglycans when magnetic fields were applied, and R2 = 88.19 for proliferation and R2 = 74.79 for glycosaminoglycans when electric fields were applied. Conclusions: The reduced, interactive, quadratic and combined models exhibited lower R2 values, nevertheless, they were useful to predict proliferation and glycosaminoglycan synthesis, as the right-skewed distribution, determined by the F parameter, evidenced a Frejected < Fcomputed. The models are efficient since the prediction of chondrocyte dynamics is comparable to the cell growth and to the molecular synthesis observed experimentally. This novel formulation may be dynamic because the variables that fit the models may be modified to improve in vitro procedures focused on cartilage recovery.
Analysis of Register Used in Reader’s Digest Magazine’s Food Columns
Authors: Wahyuningsih Sungkawati Kardi
Published: February 2022

This research is qualitative applying content analysis. The objectives of this research are to describe the types of register, and to describe the meanings of register based on the Reader’s Digest magazine’s food columns. The source of the data in this research was the food columns in Reader’s Digest magazines. Technique of data collection was carried out by reading and taking note. The main instrument of this research was the researcher herself while the secondary instruments were data sheets. The trustworthiness of the data analysis was achieved with the employment triangulation technique. The research findings show 138 register items. The results reveal that the forms of register found in this research are the oratorical frozen register (12.3%), the deliberative/formal register (60.2%), the consultative register (11.6%), the casual register (12.3%), and the intimate register (3.6%). Of the five types of register, the deliberative/formal register ranks first. This means that the writer honors the reader beside the intimacy between them.
Subaerial animal and plant bioerosion in castellated sandstone rocks (Pleistocene to Recent, Czech Republic)
Authors: Mikulas R.
Published: February 2022

Rate ofbioerosion in some subaerial settings may compete with that of marine bioerosion. Chief agents are plant root activity and microbe metabolism. How- ever, locally, insects may mine sandstone to produce nesting galleries, while tree trunks, moving in storms, may abrade distinctive and long-lasting grooves in the rock. Examples are described from the Quaternary of the Czech Republic.
Penanganan Nasabah Menunggak Kartu Kredit Kolektibilitas Lima Di PT. Muara Toba Persada Bandung
Authors: Widiyaningrum Yunita
Published: February 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penanganan nasabah kartu kredit, dan cara pembayaran kartu kredit. Penelitian ini secaras pesifik menelaah kegiatan penanganan nasabah yang statusnya sudah mencapai kolektibilitas lima. Dapat mengetahui cara penanganan nasabah dengan pihak bank, kemudian peneliti dapat memahami prosedur yang ada di PT. Muara Toba Persada. Selama proses penanganan nasabah bermasalah dalam kartu kredit , penulis mendapat hasil yang cukup dapat di pahami dengan beberapa kegiatan di dalam nya. Penulis melakukan kegiatan Penginputan Data Nasabah bulan Juli, Agustus dan September. Kemudian penulis melakukan Komunikasi kepada Nasabah terhadap Penagihan langsung melalui telepon dan, mencari tau lewat Media Sosial seperti Facebook, instagram dan lain-lain. Adapun cara pembayaran yang bisa nasabah gunakan dengan cara datang langsung ke kantor BRI terdekat atau dengan cara di transfer menggunakan atm BRI terdekat, dengan cara : Pilih menu transaksi lain, pilih menu pembayaran, pilih menu kartu kredit, pilih menu BRI, masukkan 16 angka nomor kartu kredit, pilih YA  pada menu untuk melanjutkan transaksi, masukkan jumlah pembayaran yang sudah ada, pilih YA, pada menu konfirmasi pembayaran
Cardiovascular Outcomes with Finerenone According to Glycemic Status at Baseline and Prior Treatment with Newer Antidiabetics among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Patoulias Dimitrios , Papadopoulos Christodoulos , Karagiannis Asterios , Vassilikos Vassilios , Doumas Michael
Published: February 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease are closely interconnected. We sought to determine the cardioprotective action of finerenone according to prior treatment with newer antidiabetics and glycemic status. We searched PubMed and Cochrane Library from inception to October 1, 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of finerenone on major adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with T2DM. We set the primary endpoint as major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as the composite of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. We finally included two RCTs in our quantitative synthesis. Compared to placebo, finerenone induced a 23% risk reduction for the composite cardiovascular endpoint, regardless of prior glycemia. We also showed that finerenone provided significant cardiovascular benefit for obese patients with T2DM compared to placebo, although this benefit was diminished for subjects with a body mass index lower than 30 kg/m2. Finally, the combination of finerenone with sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists did not produce a significant risk reduction for MACE. We conclude that finerenone provides significant cardiovascular benefits for patients with T2DM, especially for those who are obese, while glycemic status or treatment with newer antidiabetics at baseline does not affect the observed cardioprotective action.
School quintile distribution in the Free State by population density
Authors: Combrink Herkulaas
Published: February 2022

This figure was produced from open data sources to consolidate a map that contains a heatmap of population density with the different school quintile systems in the Free State Province. The data sources used to produce this figure are:

https://www.education.gov.za/Programmes/EMIS/EMISDownloads.aspx

https://www.education.gov.za/Programmes/EMIS/EMISDownloads.aspx

https://dd.dhmis.org/index.html

http://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=4286&id=11294
TARGETING THE REDISTRIBUTIVE PAYMENT IN SELECTED NEW EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES
Authors: Sadłowski Adrian
Published: February 2022

The most important element in the recent reform of the Common Agricultural Policy, which is intended to reduce the concentration of aid distributed under the direct support system, is the so-called redistributive payment. The redistributive effects of this instrument depend on its specific form implemented at the national level, the level of funding, and the area structure of holdings in a given country. The objective of this paper is to compare the targeting of the support distributed under the redistributive payment in the three new Member States of the European Union – Bulgaria, Lithuania and Poland. In order to achieve this objective, it was established which area groups of holdings benefit from (and which lose out on) the application of the redistributive payment in each country. In addition, the average amount of support for a holding per hectare of agricultural area, and the percentage change in this support due to the introduction of the redistributive payment, depending on the size of the holding, in individual countries, are shown as a function. The source material was the data made available by the ministries of agriculture of the countries under analysis, relating to 2018.
The Effects of Stellar Gravity Darkening on High-resolution Transmission Spectra
Authors: Cauley P. Wilson , Ahlers John P.
Published: February 2022

High-resolution transmission spectroscopy is a powerful method for probing the extended atmospheres of short-period exoplanets. With the advancement of ultrastable echelle spectrographs and the advent of 30 m class telescopes on the horizon, even minor observational and physical effects will become important when modeling atmospheric absorption of atomic species. In this work we demonstrate how the nonuniform temperature across the surface of a fast rotating star, i.e., gravity darkening, can affect the observed transmission spectrum in a handful of atomic transitions commonly observed in short-period exoplanet atmospheres. We simulate transits of the ultrahot Jupiters KELT-9 b and HAT-P-70 b but our results are applicable to all short-period gas giants transiting rapidly rotating stars. In general, we find that gravity darkening has a small effect on the average transmission spectrum but can change the shape of the absorption light curve, similar to the effect observed in broadband photometric transits. While the magnitude of gravity-darkening effects are on the same order as the noise in transmission spectra observed with 10 m class telescopes, future high-quality spectroscopic light curves for individual atomic absorption lines collected with 30 m class telescopes will need to account for this effect.
The Early Phases of Supernova 2020pni: Shock Ionization of the Nitrogen-enriched Circumstellar Material
Authors: Terreran G. , Jacobson-Galán W. V. , Groh J. H. , Margutti R. , Coppejans D. L. , Dimitriadis G. , Kilpatrick C. D. , Matthews D. J. , Siebert M. R. , Angus C. R. , Brink T. G. , Filippenko A. V. , Foley R. J. , Jones D. O. , Tinyanont S. , Gall C. , Pfister H. , Zenati Y. , Ansari Z. , Auchettl K. , El-Badry K. , Magnier E. A. , Zheng W.
Published: February 2022

We present multiwavelength observations of the Type II SN 2020pni. Classified at ∼1.3 days after explosion, the object showed narrow (FWHM intensity <250 km s−1) recombination lines of ionized helium, nitrogen, and carbon, as typically seen in flash-spectroscopy events. Using the non-LTE radiative transfer code CMFGEN to model our first high-resolution spectrum, we infer a progenitor mass-loss rate of

M

̇

=
(
3.5
–
5.3
)
×

10

−
3

M
⊙ yr−1 (assuming a wind velocity of v

w
= 200 km s−1), estimated at a radius of R
in = 2.5 × 1014 cm. In addition, we find that the progenitor of SN 2020pni was enriched in helium and nitrogen (relative abundances in mass fractions of 0.30–0.40 and 8.2 × 10−3, respectively). Radio upper limits are also consistent with dense circumstellar material (CSM) and a mass-loss rate of

M

̇

>
5
×

10

−
4

M

☉

yr

−
1

. During the initial 4 days after first light, we also observe an increase in velocity of the hydrogen lines (from ∼250 to ∼1000 km s−1), suggesting complex CSM. The presence of dense and confined CSM, as well as its inhomogeneous structure, indicates a phase of enhanced mass loss of the progenitor of SN 2020pni during the last year before explosion. Finally, we compare SN 2020pni to a sample of other shock-photoionization events. We find no evidence of correlations among the physical parameters of the explosions and the characteristics of the CSM surrounding the progenitors of these events. This favors the idea that the mass loss experienced by massive stars during their final years could be governed by stochastic phenomena and that, at the same time, the physical mechanisms responsible for this mass loss must be common to a variety of different progenitors.
Charge State Calculation for Global Solar Wind Modeling
Authors: Szente J. , Landi E. , van der Holst B.
Published: February 2022

The charge state composition of the solar wind carries information about the electron temperature, density, and velocity of plasma in the solar corona that cannot always be measured with remote sensing techniques, due to limitations in instrumental sensitivity and field of view as well as line-of-sight integration issues. However, in situ measurements of the wind charge state distribution only provide the end result of the solar wind evolution from the source region to the freeze-in point. By using 3D global modeling it is possible to follow solar wind plasma parcels of different origin along the path of their journey and study the evolution of their charge states as well as the driving physical processes. For this purpose, we implemented nonequilibrium ionization calculations within the Space Weather Modeling Framework’s solar corona and inner heliosphere modules, to the Alfvén Wave Solar Model (AWSoM). The charge state calculations are carried out parallel to the AWSoM calculations, including all the elements and ions whose ionization-recombination rates are included in the CHIANTI database, namely, from H to Zn. In this work, we describe the implementation of the charge state calculation, and compare simulation results to in situ measurements from the Advanced Composition Explorer and Ulysses spacecraft, and study charge state evolution of plasma parcels along different wind trajectories and wind types.
Streaming Instabilities in Accreting and Magnetized Laminar Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Lin 林 Min-Kai 明楷 , Hsu 徐 Chun-Yen 峻彥
Published: February 2022

The streaming instability (SI) is one of the most promising pathways to the formation of planetesimals from pebbles. Understanding how this instability operates under realistic conditions expected in protoplanetary disks (PPDs) is therefore crucial to assess the efficiency of planet formation. Contemporary models of PPDs show that magnetic fields are key to driving gas accretion through large-scale, laminar magnetic stresses. However, the effect of such magnetic fields on the SI has not been examined in detail. To this end, we study the stability of dusty, magneftized gas in a protoplanetary disk. We find the SI can be enhanced by passive magnetic torques and even persist in the absence of a global radial pressure gradient. In this case, instability is attributed to the azimuthal drift between dust and gas, unlike the classical SI, which is driven by radial drift. This suggests that the SI can remain effective inside dust-trapping pressure bumps in accreting disks. When a live vertical field is considered, we find the magneto-rotational instability can be damped by dust feedback, while the classic SI can be stabilized by magnetic perturbations. We also find that Alfvén waves can be destabilized by dust–gas drift, but this instability requires nearly ideal conditions. We discuss the possible implications of these results for dust dynamics and planetesimal formation in PPDs.
Fluxgate Magnetometer Offset Vector Determination Using Current Sheets in the Solar Wind
Authors: Wang Guoqiang , Pan Zonghao
Published: February 2022

The zero offset of the fluxgate magnetometer (FGM) on board the spacecraft varies slowly with time, therefore the FGM needs regular in-flight calibration. There are abundant physical phenomena in the solar wind, such as waves, mirror mode structures, and current sheets. Several in-flight calibration methods have been developed based on the properties of Alfvén waves or mirror mode structures instead of current sheets. Here, we develop a method to determine the zero offset
O
using current sheets in the solar wind, which is based on an assumption that the magnetic field in the normal direction of the current sheet is zero. The nonzero magnetic field in the normal direction is the projection of
O
, therefore we can obtain the component of
O
in the normal direction. In the offset cube, the zero offset is expected to be in a plane, which is referred to as the optimal offset plane (OOP). Each current sheet can obtain an OOP in the offset cube. At least three nonparallel OOPs must be used to determine the zero offset. We test our method by using data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission and find that our method is able to determine the zero offset. Our method can simultaneously use Alfvén waves, mirror mode structures, and current sheets to determine the zero offset, thus it might be a useful tool to perform the in-flight calibration of the FGM for solar wind monitors.
Triaxial Orbit-based Dynamical Modeling of Galaxies with Supermassive Black Holes and an Application to Massive Elliptical Galaxy NGC 1453
Authors: Quenneville Matthew E. , Liepold Emily R. , Ma Chung-Pei
Published: February 2022

Most stellar-dynamical determinations of the masses of nearby supermassive black holes (SMBHs) have been obtained with the orbit superposition technique under the assumption of axisymmetry. However, few galaxies—in particular massive early-type galaxies—obey exact axisymmetry. Here we present a revised orbit superposition code and a new approach for dynamically determining the intrinsic shapes and mass parameters of triaxial galaxies based on spatially resolved stellar kinematic data. The triaxial TriOS code described here corrects an error in the original van den Bosch et al. code that gives rise to incorrect projections for most orbits in triaxial models and can significantly impact parameter search results. The revised code also contains significant improvements in orbit sampling, mass constraints, and run time. Furthermore, we introduce two new parameter-searching strategies—a new set of triaxial shape parameters and a novel grid-free sampling technique—that together lead to a remarkable gain in efficiency in locating the best-fit model. We apply the updated code and search method to NGC 1453, a fast-rotating massive elliptical galaxy. A full 6D parameter search finds

p
=
b

/

a
=

0.933

−
0.015

+
0.014

and q = c/a = 0.779 ± 0.012 for the intrinsic axis ratios and T = 0.33 ± 0.06 for the triaxiality parameter. Despite the deviations from axisymmetry, the best-fit SMBH mass, stellar mass-to-light ratio, and dark matter enclosed mass for NGC 1453 are consistent with the axisymmetric results. More comparisons between axisymmetric and triaxial modeling are needed before drawing general conclusions.
The Stellar-age Dependence of X-Ray Emission from Normal Star-forming Galaxies in the GOODS Fields
Authors: Gilbertson Woodrow , Lehmer Bret D. , Doore Keith , Eufrasio Rafael T. , Basu-Zych Antara , Brandt William N. , Fragos Tassos , Garofali Kristen , Kovlakas Konstantinos , Luo Bin , Tozzi Paolo , Vito Fabio , Williams Benjamin F. , Xue Yongquan
Published: February 2022

The Chandra Deep Field-South and North surveys (CDFs) provide unique windows into the cosmic history of X-ray emission from normal (nonactive) galaxies. Scaling relations of normal-galaxy X-ray luminosity (L
X) with star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass (M
⋆) have been used to show that the formation rates of low-mass and high-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs and HMXBs, respectively) evolve with redshift across z ≈ 0–2 following L
HMXB/SFR ∝ (1 + z) and L
LMXB/M
⋆ ∝ (1 + z)2−3. However, these measurements alone do not directly reveal the physical mechanisms behind the redshift evolution of X-ray binaries (XRBs). We derive star formation histories for a sample of 344 normal galaxies in the CDFs, using spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting of FUV-to-FIR photometric data, and construct a self-consistent, age-dependent model of the X-ray emission from the galaxies. Our model quantifies how X-ray emission from hot gas and XRB populations vary as functions of host stellar-population age. We find that (1) the ratio L
X/M
⋆ declines by a factor of ∼1000 from 0 to 10 Gyr and (2) the X-ray SED becomes harder with increasing age, consistent with a scenario in which the hot gas contribution to the X-ray SED declines quickly for ages above 10 Myr. When dividing our sample into subsets based on metallicity, we find some indication that L
X/M
⋆ is elevated for low-metallicity galaxies, consistent with recent studies of X-ray scaling relations. However, additional statistical constraints are required to quantify both the age and metallicity dependence of X-ray emission from star-forming galaxies.
The Effects of Cosmic-Ray Diffusion and Radiative Cooling on the Galactic Wind of the Milky Way
Authors: Shimoda Jiro , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro
Published: February 2022

The effects of cosmic-ray diffusion and radiative cooling on the structure of the Galactic wind are studied using a steady-state approximation. It is known that realistic cooling processes suppress the wind from launching. The effects of cosmic-ray diffusion are also supposed to be unfavorable for launching the wind. Both of these effects have not been studied simultaneously in a steady-state approximation of the wind. We find 327,254 solutions of the steady-state Galactic wind and confirm that: the effect of the cosmic-ray pressure depends on the Alfvén Mach number, the mass flux carried by the wind does not depend on the cosmic-ray pressure directly (but depends on the thermal pressure), and the typical conditions found in the Galaxy may correspond to the wind solution that provides metal-polluted matter at a height of ∼300 kpc from the disk.
Multiband Emission up to PeV Energy from the Crab Nebula in a Spatially Dependent Lepto-hadronic Model
Authors: Peng Qi-Yong , Bao Bi-Wen , Lu Fang-Wu , Zhang Li
Published: February 2022

Multiband emissions from radio to ultra-high-energy gamma-rays in the Crab Nebula have been detected. To explain the observed results, nonthermal photon production in the Crab Nebula is carefully studied in a spatially dependent lepto-hadronic model. In our model, the dynamical evolution of the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) is simulated in a spherically symmetric system. Both electrons and protons are accelerated at the termination shock. The relevant particle propagation equations, as well as the photon evolving equation, are simultaneously solved. For the Crab Nebula, our results reveal that the observed multiband photon spectra can be reproduced with reasonable model parameters. In particular, the photons with energy ≳200 TeV are mainly contributed to by the hadronic component via proton–proton interaction. The contribution of the hadronic component depends on both proton spectral index α
p and number density n
H of the medium within the PWN. Additionally, high-energy neutrino fluxes are predicted with variable proton spectral indices. The predicted fluxes are not only far below the sensitivities of current neutrino observatories but also beneath the atmospheric neutrino background with energy less than ∼40 TeV. Moreover, the calculated radial profiles of surface brightness and spectral index are presented.