bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERCEPTION OF GROUNDNUT GROWERS TOWARDS ICT IN SAURASHTRA REGION OF GUJARAT
Authors:   Junagadh Agricultural University, Das Shaktiranjan , Jadav N. B. ,   Junagadh Agricultural University
Published: November 2022

India is an agro based developing country with about 68.84 per cent population living in rural area. Agricultural extension is a service or system which assists farmers through educational procedures in improving farming methods and techniques, increasing production efficiency and income, bettering their levels of living and lifting the social and educational standards of rural life. The study was conducted in Saurashtra region of Gujarat. Four districts were selected purposively out of eleven districts and a total of 160 respondents were selected randomly. It is also evident that duration of utilization of mobile advisory service toped in 1-5 hrs./week category followed by television use (53.12 per cent) of the groundnut growers under thiscategory Majority (58.75 per cent) of the respondents had medium level of perception about ICT technology. Whereas, 21.87 per cent and 19.38 per cent groundnut growers had low and high level perception about ICT technology, respectively.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF DAIRY FARMERS AND THEIR CONSTRAINTS IN ADOPTION OF IMPROVED DAIRY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Authors:   Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Chinchmalatpure Umesh R.
Published: November 2022

The present study was undertaken in selected villages from two Panchayat Samities i.e. Akola and Barshitakli of Akola district in Maharashtra State. An exploratory design of social research was used for present study. A random sample of 100 dairy farmer were selected as respondents from these two panchayat samities, those who have five years of experience in dairy farming and have more than four milch animal. The data was collected from them and used for analysis and interpretation. The results revealed that, 44.00 per cent of them were in middle age group category, nearly above one third (34%) were educated upto high school level (8th std. to 10th std.), near about half i.e. 48 per cent of the dairy farmers possessed Semi-medium (2.01 to 4.0 ha) category of land holding. The annual income of the 45 per cent and 44 per cent dairy farmers were have upto Rs. 50000/- and Rs. 50001 to Rs. 1,00,000/-, respectively. Majority of them (66%) have 7-12 years of experience in the dairy farming and 74 per cent possessed 5-10 milch animals. More than fifty per cent of the dairy farmers i.e. 56 per cent lived in joint family system and 42 per cent of them have 6-11 members in their family. Majority of the dairy farmers 64 per cent and 60 per cent were in medium category of economic motivation and scientific orientation category, respectively. More than half of the dairy farmers (56%) observed in low category of socio economic status. The relational analysis showed that the variables like land holding, annual income, herd size, economic motivation, scientific orientation and knowledge about improved dairy management practices were found highly significant with socio-economic status of the dairy farmer. It clearly had shown that as these variables increases, socio-economic status of the dairy farmer increases.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROFILE OF GROUNDNUT CULTIVATORS AND THEIR KNOWLEDGE LEVEL ON THE RECOMMENDED CROP PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY IN SAURASHTRA REGION OF GUJARAT
Authors:   Junagadh Agricultural University, Jalu Swati N. , Bariya Minaxi K. ,   Junagadh Agricultural University, Chandravadia Kiran U. ,   Anand Agricultural University
Published: November 2022

The present study was conducted Saurashtra region of Gujarat Stateusing ex-post facto research design. In order to know the relationship between selected independent variables with knowledge level of the groundnut growers about recommended groundnut crop production technology, a sample of 160 groundnut growers, representing 16 villages of 12 talukas of Junagadh, Jamnagar, Amreli, Bhavnagar, Gir-somnath and Rajkot of Saurashtra region of Gujarat state were drawn by multistage random sampling techniques.The beneficiaries of front line demonstration given by Krishi Vigyan Kendra under NMOOP project were selected for the study. The data was collected by personal interview through structured schedule. The simple statistical tools were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that in case of fourteen independent variables, three variables viz., education, social participation and extension participation showed positive and significant relationship at one per cent level ofprobability. Whereas, nine variables viz., size of land holding, annual income, mass media exposure, extension contact, innovativeness, scientific orientation, risk orientation, economic motivation and yield index showed positive and significant relation atfive per cent level of probability with knowledge level. The remaining two variables namely, age showed negative and significant relation atfive per cent level of probability and only one variable size of family did not showed any significant relationship with knowledge level.
ASSESSING KNOWLEDGE LEVEL AND ANALYSING CONSTRAINTS OF ORGANIC FARMERS IN JAMNAGAR DISTRICT OF GUJARAT
Authors:   Junagadh Agricultural University, Baraiya K. P. , Lakhani S. H. ,   Junagadh Agricultural University, Baraiya A. K. ,   Junagadh Agricultural University
Published: November 2022

Organic agriculture is a unique production management system which promotes and enhances agro-ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity, and this is accomplished by using on-farm agronomic, biological and mechanical methods in exclusion of all synthetic off-farm inputs. Study was conducted on 120 organic growers of Jamnagar districts to evaluate for knowledge of farmers about knowledge of eco-friendly organic farming practices followed in their cultivation practices. The study most of the groups covered in major age group, educate higher secondary level, medium to big farmers having nuclear family, main occupation was agriculture and animal husbandry. Krishi Vigyan Kendra or University level information for organic farming were rank first with weightage mean (42.29), followed by second printed literature (37.08), third television (22.71). They received guideline from Krishi Vigyan Kendra (48.06%) followed by Agricultural University (31.39%) and seed/pesticide dealer (31.39%). The area of information was on the management, marketing, cultivation practices on organic farming. Recycling of weed bio-mass, P-solubilizing microbes, minimum tillage for nutrient conservation and Beauveria bassiana for management of soil and above ground pests ranked in prime knowledge by (60.83%). Only few farmers (5 %) having knowledge on fish wastes; Vermin-culture; Strip cropping & vegetative /live bunds and Use of Sea weed liquid for better crop growth and high yielding. Thus, 71.67 per cent of the respondents having very low level of knowledge. Govt. subsidies (72.5%); premium price (72.5%); special incentive or awards (67.5%); lack of market facility (67.5%) and administrative setup (62.5%) were the major constraints faced by the organic farmers. The suggested same problem solve by the government for better development of organic farming.
ROLE OF ZILLA AND TALUKA PANCHAYATS OF NAVSARI IN EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN MEMBERS
Authors:   Navsari Agricultural University, Patel Riyaben M. , Sharma O. P. ,   Navsari Agricultural University
Published: November 2022

Panchayat raj is the basic unit of administration in system of governance. It was introduced first time by the Balwant Rai Mehta in 1959. Panchayat Raj Institutions have three tires system such as Zilla panchayat, Taluka panchayat and Gram panchayat. Panchayat Raj the local government system in India, being nearest form of governance to the people can be viewed as a suitable platform for encouraging participation of women members. The decentralization governance process in India by bringing women into positions of decision making and power in local grass root level of governance and it's leading towards their empowerment. Considering the importance of empowerment in women members the present investigation entitled, "Role of Zilla and Taluka Panchayat Raj Institutions in empowerment of women members in Navsari district of Gujarat" was undertaken during the year 2019-2020. The Navsari district was selected for present investigation which consisted of one Zilla panchayat, six Taluka panchayat. The complete enumeration method was used and thus,all women members were selected from Zilla Panchayat and Taluka panchayat the three tiers of PRIs in Navsari district. The data was elicited through personal interview method and analyzed using frequency, percentage, correlation coefficient (r) and t test.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FARMERS' PROFILE AND THEIR ATTITUDE TOWARD KISAN SUVIDHAMOBILE APPLICATION
Authors:   Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Ghoslya Ajit Kumar , Rathore Rajendra ,   Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Badhala B. S. ,   Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University
Published: November 2022

App is a computer programming design to run on different electronic devices such as smart phone, laptop, tablet and computer. The present study was conducted in Jaipur division of Rajasthan. In Jaipur district Govindgarh and Jhotwara blocks and from Alwar district, Bansur and Mandawar blocks were selected. Out of which 15 respondents from each of the gram panchayats was selected randomly. In this way, a total sample of 300 farmers was selected for the study purpose. It was found that independent variables viz., education, annual income of family, extension contact, mass media exposer, comsopoliteness, extension participation, sources of information utilization, achievement motivation and innovativeness were significantly associated with the attitude of the farmers about Kisan Suvidha app. On the other hand, variables like age, size of land holding, occupation, farming experience, size of family and social participation were not significantly associated with the attitude of the farmers about Kisan Suvidha app.
CONSUMER AWARENESS ON THEIR RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS FROM GUJARAT
Authors:   Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Panasara Urvashi , Asnani Bhawana ,   Junagadh Agricultural University
Published: November 2022

The Indian consumer has poverty, illiteracy, defeatist mentality and continues to be at the receiving end. Therefore, there is need for spreading consumer rights awareness among various section of society, particularly the illiterate and more so the helpless and unorganized section among them. The present study was done on the consumers of four districts of Gujarat state. Random sampling was done and 160 respondents were selected for the study. Results show about background information of sample that 35% respondents were graduates 38.12% were falling into the age group of 15-25 years. 30.62% respondents were doing government job. More than half of sample size (58.12%) were having 3 to 5 family members. Regarding earning, maximum of the respondents (44.37%) were earning Rs.30,000/- above per month. Second section of results entails the knowledge of the respondents regarding general facts of consumerism. 73.12% respondents influenced to purchase by seeing advertisement. 68.75% respondents don't pay the same as shopkeeper demand. 75% respondents were buying products from authorized shops or licensed or registered companies. Next section was about awareness of the respondents regarding consumer rights. Only 26.25% respondents answered that they faced problems in market. Almost 39.37% respondents prefer buying low quality or substandard goods. 86.87% respondents did not get any harm from the product they bought for some or other use. 56.87% got redressal from the shopkeeper only. 70, 78.12 and 76.25% respondents did not know where to make complaint hen there is harm or loss of worth Rs. 1 to 20 lakhs, Rs. 20 lakhs to 1 Crore and above this amount. Amongst them maximum of the respondents (70.62%) see Expiry date/ best before.63.75% see and prefer quality symbol on the product.
IMPACT OF FRONTLINE DEMONSTRATION OF ZINC SULPHATE APPLICATION ON PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF PADDY IN SIVASAGAR DISTRICT OF ASSAM
Authors:   Assam Agricultural University, Bordoloi Arundhati , Handique Prodip ,   Assam Agricultural University, Pathak Prasanna Kumar ,   Assam Agricultural University
Published: November 2022

The high yielding variety Ranjit is the most popular rice variety in Sivasagar district as is the case for the entire state of Assam. However, its productivity in Sivasagar district is still quite below its potential, primarily because of non-adoption of the management practices recommended to the farmers. To demonstrate the effect of latest technologies on the productivity, the KVK, Sivasagar carried out altogether 24 Front Line Demonstrations (FLD) on the variety with application of Zinc sulphate @ 25kg/ha + NPK @ 60:20:40 kg/ha (recommended dose of fertilizer for paddy in Assam) covering an area of 12 ha of farmers field in five different villages namely Belimukhia, Hulalgaon, Phoolpanichiga, Namti, Bhekurichapori during the year 2018 - 2020. The results recorded in these demonstrations were compared with those under the farmers' local practice. The results revealed that application of Zinc sulphate along with RDF in paddy enhanced the average yield to 53.17 q/ha in FLD plots as compared to 32.17 q/ha recorded under farmer's own practice. The percent increase in yield recorded 33.88%. the extension gap was recorded 21 q/ha whereas technology gap and technology index were observed 6.83 q/ha and 11.37 % respectively. The results revealed that the FLD was effective in changing attitude, knowledge and adoption of improved technologies of paddy cultivation and ultimately in obtaining sustainable income from paddy cultivation in Sivasagar district of Assam.
TRAINING NEEDS OF FARMERS ON GROUNDNUT PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Authors:   Junagadh Agricultural University, Gorfad P. S. , Thanki R. B. ,   Junagadh Agricultural University, Gorfad K. P. ,   Shri Somnath Sanskrit University
Published: November 2022

Training helps farmers to incorporate the latest scientific advances and technology tools into their farming operations. Training improves not only the skill but also attitude and know-how of the trainees. Training is very important for farmers to increase the adoption of different agricultural innovations. Groundnut is major kharif crop of Porbandar district. Keeping this in view, the present investigation was under taken to know about the training needs of farmers about groundnut production technology. The research study was conducted in Porbandar district of Saurashtra region. From three talukas of Porbandar district, twelve villages and 120 groundnut growers were selected for the study. The data were collected by personal interview method with the help of well-structured interview schedule. The result illuminated that majority of respondents did not have the proper know-how about groundnut production technology, especially plant protection measures, recommended doses of chemical fertilizers, use of bio agents - trichoderma and beuvaria, etc. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the training programmes for increasing the adoption of groundnut production technology by assessing the training needs of farmers about groundnut production technology.
EFFECT OF PLASTIC MULCH ON COTTON YIELD AND ITS ECONOMICS
Authors:   Junagadh Agricultural University, Jayswal P. S. , Joshi N. S. ,   Junagadh Agricultural University, Sondarva K. N. ,   Navsari Agricultural University
Published: November 2022

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Junagadh Agricultural University, Amreli, Gujarat has conducted an On Farm Trial under Agricultural Engineering discipline with two treatments, i) Farmers Practice - No use of mulching materials and ii) University recommended practice - Black Plastic Mulch (25 micron) under drip irrigation system. Main aim of this OFT was to find out effect of plastic mulch on yield of cotton, bolls per plant and economics of cotton cultivation. This OFT was conducted for three years: 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17. Data of this three year were taken and analyzed. Result of three year data shown that, there was 28.93 % increase in yield under plastic mulch. Under plastic mulch 18.37 % more bolls per plant were found. Avg. gross return and avg. net profit was 29.01% and 33.15% higher under plastic mulch. B:C ratio was found 3.52 for plastic mulch in cotton crop. These results showed that plastic mulch in cotton crop is beneficial for farmers.
SPATIAL INTEGRATION AND PRICE BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS OF MAJOR POTATO WHOLESALE MARKETS IN GUJARAT
Authors:   Junagadh Agricultural University, Swaminathan B. , Tarpara V. D. ,   Navsari Agricultural University, Mistry H. H. ,   Navsari Agricultural University
Published: November 2022

In this age of market information and intelligence, price behaviour analysis of agricultural commodities is crucial for optimizing returns of farmers and to hedge them from associated price fluctuations. Unintegrated markets are the precursors of market failures leading to discrepancies in both supply and demand. The purpose of this study is to examine market integration and price transmission mechanism under a unified testing strategy for potato in four major wholesale consumption markets of Gujarat viz. Ahmedabad, Bharuch, Rajkot, and Surat. Monthly wholesale prices (Rs/quintal) for fourteen years (2007-08 to 2020-21), yielding a total of 168 observations, were analyzed. The findings revealed the highest elasticity of price transmission between Rajkot and Surat (0.96), while the lowest between Ahmedabad and Rajkot markets (0.84). Besides, error correction model confirmed that on average 27 per cent to 44 per cent of the short-run price fluctuations in the markets get corrected within a month. Granger causality further confirmed bidirectional price influence in all the market pairs except for Ahmedabad-Rajkot pair. As significant improvements in transportation and storage infrastructure in Gujarat might have led to high price integration in the markets, the study opines the need for taking price integration advocacy to the farmers' end directly through calibrated training programmes for enabling them to take improved planting, storage and marketing decisions.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOCIO ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BENEFICIARIES AND NON BENEFICIARIES OF PRADHAN MANTRI FASAL BIMA YOJANA
Authors:   Navsari Agricultural University, Tankiwala A. K. , Nethravati G. ,   Navsari Agricultural University, Patel M. J. ,   Navsari Agricultural University
Published: November 2022

In India around 60% of the population depends on agriculture sector. Agriculture sector contributes 18% to India's GDP. Crop failure due to natural calamities and unfavorable climatic conditions puts farmers in a challenging situation. Thus it is necessary to safeguard the farm sector from various production risks. Therefore on 1st April 2016 GOI implemented Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana. Personal profile of the farmers plays a crucial role in avail the benefits of this scheme. Based on preliminary survey eleven villages from Jambusar taluka of Bharuch district was selected based on the number of beneficiaries. Proportionate random sampling method was for the selection of 62 beneficiaries and 62 non beneficiaries from same village were selected for the study and it make 124 sample sizes. From the statistical analysis it was identified that majority beneficiaries and non beneficiaries belonged to middle aged group, educated up to secondary level, medium annual income. Majority part of the beneficiaries and non beneficiaries had medium land holding with moderate experience in farming, membership in more than one organization. Moderate mass media exposure, extension contact, risk orientation and economic motivation. Majority of beneficiaries and non beneficiaries occasionally use the source of information.
Boards for all? A review of power, policy and people on the boards of organisations active in global health
Authors:   Global Health 50/50
Published: November 2022

The fifth annual Global Health 50/50 report, Boards for all?, presents our first-ever analysis of the gender and geography of who governs global health. Through an examination of the demographics of over 2,000 board members of the most influential organisations active in global health, the report warns that global health is not living up to its name. The report further presents its annual review of the equality- and gender-related policies and practices of 200 global organisations. Building on five years of evidence, it finds signs of rapid progress in building more equitable and gender-responsive global health organisations, while also revealing stagnating progress among a large subset of global health organisations. For the first time, the Index categorises all organisations by performance and presents dedicated pages for each organisation to explore and compare findings. Boards for all? is a call to realise a globally representative and equitable global health governance that can deliver health for all. "Ensuring the leadership and influence of people from low- and middle-income countries, and especially women, is not only a question of equity - however essential - but of the very relevance, effectiveness and impact of the global health enterprise." Elhadj As Sy, Chair of the Kofi Annan Foundation
FACILE SYNTHESIS OF MoS2 NANOMATERIAL AS A PROMISING MICROWAVE ABSORBER
Authors:   Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi,, Tran Quang Dat
Published: November 2022

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BUILDING AND VERIFYING A TOOL FOR CALCULATING THE AERODYNAMIC NOISE OF HELICOPTER ROTORS
Authors:   Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, Vietnam, Le Quang Quyen
Published: November 2022

This article presents an approach to build and verify a tool for calculating aerodynamic noise characteristics of helicopter rotors. The calculation tool is built on the basis of combining the vortex lattice method and the Formulation 1A of Farrasat, which is one of solutions of the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation. By comparing the obtained result with data from reputable international publications, the calculation tool is verified for accuracy and reliability. The variation and value of the acoustic pressure from this calculation tool are in a good agreement with the international published works. Applying the tool in some specific calculation cases gives appropriate results, thereby giving important recommendations about the safe distance corresponding to the human hearing threshold for rotors with specific geometric dimensions and operating characteristics.
AN INDOOR LOCALIZATION METHOD FOR MOBILE ROBOT USING CEILING MOUNTED APRILTAGS
Authors:   Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, Vietnam, Hoang Van Tien
Published: November 2022

Localization is one of the most important functions for autonomous mobile robots (AMRs). For indoor applications, the localization problem faces some difficulties such as lightning variation, dynamic objects or highly reflective surfaces that generate measurement noises for the perceptive sensor systems. Recently, tags-based pose estimation has become a popular and efficient solution for AMRs. In this article, we also ultilize ceiling mounted AprilTags for our AMR application in indoor environment. The advantage of AprilTags is their invariance to uncertainty of the environment such as lightning conditions, providing robust pose measurements with a fairly large range of measuring distances from the camera to fiducial markers. By integrating AprilTags in the SLAM package, we have solved several problems such as robot pose-recovery problem and improving the accuracy of the robot localization. Experiments with an AMR robotic system, the Vibot-2 robot, are carried out in two cases: under day-light condition and night-time condition to verify the accuracy of the method. In addition, we also discuss our solution of tag positioning in order to increase the stability of the robot navigation in global map. Experiment results show that the accuracy in pose estimation is less than 20 cm in terms of position and less than 5° in terms of heading angle. Furthermore, the pose measurements from the camera are quite stable under different lightning conditions.
Effect of Organics and Nanofluids on Capillary-Sealing Efficiency of Caprock for Hydrogen and Carbon-Dioxide Geological Storage
Authors: Alanazi Amer , Ali Muhammad , Mowafi Mahmoud , Hoteit Hussein
Published: November 2022

Gas (hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)) geo-storage is a prominent solution for a low-carbon global economy. Geo-storage formations are very complex in nature and their wetting characteristics are dependent on various parameters. The literature lacks analysis of caprock’s structural trapping capacities, sealing efficiency, and proposed solutions for enhanced trapping potential.

This work investigates H2 and CO2 wettability (pressure up to 25 MPa and temperature up to 343K) of pure and organic-aged (lignoceric acid C24, stearic acid C18, lauric acid C12, and hexanoic acid C6) mica samples as a proxy of caprock. Alumina nanofluid priming was used on organic-aged mica samples as a solution for reversing the wettability to hydrophilic conditions. Furthermore, capillary entry pressure and gas column heights were calculated.

The results depict that H2 and CO2 wettability turned from Intermediate to strong CO2-wet mainly due to the increase in organic surface concentration and pressure. The higher the alkyl chain length of organic acids, the higher the hydrophobic conditions for mica substrates. Alumina nanofluid has shown great potential to reverse the wettability, where 0.25 wt.% was the optimum concentration. In a nutshell, the present work provides a detailed theoretical workflow to assess the capacity of caprock for safe and secure geo-storage projects.

Introduction

Hydrogen emerges as a promising clean fuel to support the decarbonization process by converting energy from fossil fuels into a more environmental-friendly form and effectively storing clean energy from renewables to overcome their intermittent supply issue (Alanazi et al., 2022). Wide-scale implementation of H2-based economy requires a medium with a large storage capacity, which can be theoretically offered by geological formations such as deep saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas reservoirs, and salt caverns (Zivar et al., 2021).
Investigating the Influence of sc-CO2 on Short-term Creep Behavior for Green River Shale Samples under Triaxial Conditions
Authors: Al Shafloot T. S. , Kim T. W. , Kovscek A. R.
Published: November 2022

Understanding changes to geomechanical properties accompanying exposure of shale to supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) and the effects of the interaction of shale with sc-CO2 is essential to evaluate CO2 utilization for waterless fracturing and CO2 storage. There is limited understanding of the impact of sc-CO2 on time-dependent deformation of shale rocks. This study investigates the short-term creep behavior of Green River shale samples under vacuumed and sc-CO2 conditions. To avoid tertiary deformation, a high pressure high temperature triaxial cell was utilized to conduct creep tests under relatively small stresses. The power-law model describing creep demonstrated an excellent fit to experimental behavior. Power-law model parameters reflect significant ductility of Green River shale and very small time-dependent deformation. Short-term saturation with sc-CO2 (three days) significantly reduced static moduli by 19 to 38%. From a viscous creep perspective, exposing this shale to sc-CO2 caused a reduction in time-dependent deformation. Our observations, combined with findings in the literature, highlight the critical role of water saturation in enhancing creep response before and after exposure to sc-CO2.

Introduction

Characterizing rock transport and geomechanical parameters is essential for shale reservoir stimulation success, long-term productivity prediction, and understanding the effectiveness of carbon dioxide (CO2) storage formation shale cap rocks. Shale samples under constant applied stress demonstrate time-dependent deformation that is indicative of viscous creep. Understanding creep deformation is important for both short and long-term responses. For short-term response, studies report that creep increases hydraulic fracturing gradient by causing stress isotropy (Yang & Zoback, 2016). On the other hand, long term response influences transport and productivity by impacting matrix permeability and fracture closure (Villamor Lora, et al., 2016; Sone & Zoback, 2014). Furthermore, creep deformation may cause adverse issues such as wellbore stability and reservoir subsidence (Du, et al., 2018). ) storage formation shale cap rocks. Shale samples under constant applied stress demonstrate time-dependent deformation that is indicative of viscous creep. Understanding creep deformation is important for both short and long-term responses. For short-term response, studies report that creep increases hydraulic fracturing gradient by causing stress isotropy (Yang & Zoback, 2016). On the other hand, long term response influences transport and productivity by impacting matrix permeability and fracture closure (Villamor Lora, et al., 2016; Sone & Zoback, 2014). Furthermore, creep deformation may cause adverse issues such as wellbore stability and reservoir subsidence (Du, et al., 2018).
Simulation of Segmented Subdivision Cutting Fracturing in Horizontal Wells in Shale Oil Reservoirs Based on Boundary Element Method
Authors: Wang Yuan , Li Nianyin , Deng Zhiying , Song Jie , Zhang Qian , Zhang Hong
Published: November 2022

For the segmented subdivision cutting fracturing in horizontal wells in shale oil reservoirs, using the boundary element method, a horizontal wellbore fracturing model is established considering the stress interference of the horizontal well section and the flow distribution at the opening of multiple hydraulic fractures (HF). The simulation of subdivision cutting fracturing of horizontal wells in shale oil reservoirs was carried out. Combined with the orthogonal test method, the influencing factors of the fluid pressure of HFs, the effective volume of HFs, and the fracturing fluid efficiency were analyzed. The results show that when the spacing between the sections and perforation clusters in horizontal wells is small, HFs in the middle are “squeezed” by the stress induced by the outer HFs, resulting in a much smaller length than the outer HFs. During the segmented subdivision cutting fracturing in horizontal wells, the spacing of each section has the most significant impact on the effective volume of HFs and fracturing fluid efficiency, followed by the number of HFs within a section. The spacing of each perforation cluster has the most negligible effect.

Introduction

Shale oil is an unconventional oil and gas resource, which is a vital alternative resource to conventional oil and gas (Qian, 2015). According to the EIA assessment, the technically recoverable shale oil resources in the world are 473 × 108 t (Qianru et al., 2020). Horizontal well volume fracturing technology is an effective means of achieving efficient development of shale oil and gas. Currently, the staged fracturing of horizontal wells in shale oil reservoirs is no longer aimed at increasing the length of the hydraulic fracture (HF) but at maximizing the comprehensive stimulation of the near well zone (Minsheng et al., 2019). Sinopec has proved the feasibility of using horizontal well subdivision cutting and volume fracturing technology for continental medium and high-maturity shale oil in several development areas (Tingxue and Haitao, 2021). In 2020, after the Jimsar shale oil reservoir was stimulated with subdivision cutting volume fracturing technology, the average daily oil production in the first year reached 36 t (Chengmei et al., 2021). Continental shale oil reservoirs have significant heterogeneity, and the effect of fracturing operations is poor. The relationship between the cost of fracturing operations and the expected development benefits must be comprehensively considered (Chengmei et al., 2021, Shanshan et al., 2021, Daohan et al., 2022, Xiaodong et al., 2022).
What Can We Learn From the Child/Infill Well Fracturing in Shale Gas Reservoir? Some Interesting Insights
Authors: Zhu Haiyan , Tang Xuanhe , Dusseault Maurice B. , McLennan John D.
Published: November 2022

Infill horizontal wells with fracturing treatment are being widely applied to enhance the recovery from shale gas reservoirs in Sichuan basin. Frac-hits are commonly treated as a hazard for the adjacent (infill) well production and wellbore. During the infill well fracturing of the gas shale in Sichuan basin, an interesting field phenomenon has been reported: (i) the number of microseismic (MS) events close to the boundary of the parent well SRV decreases sharply. It seems that there is a barrier or a local attenuation process that inhibits significant MS activity from developing within the parent well SRV. (ii) After infill well fracturing, a transitory pressure and production regain were detected in the adjacent parent well. In this work, an integrated flow-geomechanics coupling model has been built, which includes the parent well fracturing, parent well production, infill well fracturing and production. Involving with the field researches in North America, two cases in Fuling gas shale are discussed. The first case is based on an infill well in one main productive layer, while the second case is based on a multi-layer infill wells zone. Mechanism of the field phenomenon from Fuling gas shale infill wells are investigated by the integrated flow-geomechanics coupling model and evidenced by field data. Finally, several inspirations were proposed: (1) Only in gas shale (ultra-low permeable and naturally fractured reservoir)? (2) More geomechanical mechanisms for the MSEB effect? (3) Frac-hit is good or bad? How can we utilize it? More investigations are expected from scholars in different researching fields.

Background

The well production and pressure of shale gas reservoirs in Sichuan basin (Fuling, Changning, etc) drops over 90% and 75% in two years. Infill horizontal wells with fracturing treatment are being widely applied to enhance recovery from this reservoir.
Implementation of Physics-Based Hydraulic Fracturing Optimization Workflows as a Game-Changer Strategy To Unlock Tight Gas Reserves: A Deep Gas Abu Dhabi Case Study
Authors: Abdelmawgod A. , Al Blooshi A. , Alloghani J. A. , Al Kaabi A. , Azoug Y. , Elmahdi A. M. , Sayed S. , Buijs H. , Ibrahim M. , Swedan T.
Published: November 2022

Increasing global demand for gas has led to a larger focus on production from deep gas HP/HT reservoirs. The case study presents an offshore field under current development with several vertical wells that confirmed varying reservoir extent, successful stimulation, and productivity. The target formation is a naturally fractured HP/HT low permeability clastic reservoir with lateral and vertical reservoir quality variations. Measured stress rotation within the structure and large minimum stress variations across different reservoir intervals support the presence of a complex stress environment where the development of a predictive 1D Mechanical Earth Model (1DMEM) becomes challenging. The combination of a variable stress dependent permeability within an altered stress field introduces uncertainty in the estimation of fracture geometry and hurdles its optimization. The paper presents a multi-frac completion strategy to be implemented in newly drilled development wells by utilizing state-of-the-art hydraulic fracturing optimization workflows driven by an integrated multidisciplinary approach.

Introduction

The offshore field presented here is located west of Abu Dhabi city. The subsurface structure was first identified in 1966 and is part of a regional N-S extending structural trend with other nearby fields. The targeted formation is a deep naturally fractured tight gas clastic reservoir that presents lateral and vertical reservoir quality variations. It possesses three different reservoir units (A, B and C) with diverse petrophysical and mechanical properties. The new development considers cased and cemented s-shaped wells with a dedicated 4 ½” frac string to pump stimulation treatments at high rates. The “plug and perf” completion methodology was selected since this allows flexibility given the initial uncertainty in the hydraulic fracture growth and to properly evaluate intervals production performance.
Impact of Solubility on Reservoir Properties at the Gas/Brine Interface of Geologic Carbon Sequestration Projects Using Flue Gas Injections
Authors: Badghaish M. , Schwartz B. A.
Published: November 2022

Multi-component flue gas injection is proposed as an alternative to bulk CO2 injection for permanent CO2 sequestration. In traditional geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) or enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects, amine towers are used to separate CO2 from other flue gas components. Bulk CO2 injection has the benefit of limited (and known) interactions with saline aquifers, and conserves pore volume. However, the cost of amine separation has proven prohibitive and led to a stagnation in GCS project development. Unfortunately, amine scrubbers are costly which has caused the technology to be underdeveloped. Our work suggests that careful implementation of flue gas injection can help accelerate carbon sequestration deployment. This study focuses on the disparity in solubility among flue gas components. As CO2 dissolves into reservoir brines at higher rates than N2 or O2, concentration gradients develop radially.

Introduction

Living in the 21st century is one of the best eras that humans have experienced while they roamed the Earth. Thanks to a huge series of technological advisements that made our live much easier that ever. We live in an era where carbon is involved in most if not all of the industries that feed our thrust for convivence. Unfortunately, the ease of such life comes at a cost. For decades human activity have been releasing record amounts of carbon dioxide. The release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere have been proven time and time again to be one of the contributing factors to the looming climate crisis. Moreover, reducing our carbon dioxide emissions is one of the key goals and challenges of the new century. Geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) is not a new technology rather is has been implemented on pilot projects many times has demonstrated the capabilities of reducing the amount of carbon in the air, but most importantly, in the atmosphere to combated climate change and global warming. To put it simply, GCS basically using the subsurface as a carbon sink where we can store it for a long time. There are many ways in which this technology manifests itself. The first means to use the subsurface as a trap for our carbon is using Stratigraphic or structural trapping. Where we can use the natural traps the are in the subsurface to trap free phase carbon dioxide as it would be buoyant. Residual CO2 trapping, Mineral trapping, and Dissolution trapping are all means in which the subsurface can help us to trap carbon for a extended periods of time.
Drilling Data-Based Approach for Pressure Gradient Estimation Using Random Forest
Authors: Abdelaal Ahmed , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez
Published: November 2022

Real-time estimation of the formation pressure can enhance the drilling operations in terms of non-productive time, costs, and safety. In the literature, the known methods for formation gradient prediction are derived from logging or a combination of selected drilling data and logging. The objective of this paper is to use random forest (RF) to develop a predictive model for real-time pore pressure gradient using surface drilling parameters. The used inputs were pump rate (PR), standpipe pressure (SPP), rate of penetration (ROP) and rotary speed (RS). A field data set was used to develop the prediction model. Another data set was used for validating the developed model. The proposed model estimated the pressure gradient with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.99 and 0.98 for training and testing. The root mean squared error (RMSE) was around 0.01 and 0.014 psi/ft for training and testing. In addition, the average absolute percentage error (AAPE) was 0.96% and 1.66% for training and testing.

Introduction

Formation pressure is the one exerted by the fluids contained inside the pores of formations. The normal pressure gradient ranges between 0.433 psi/ft and around 0.465 psi/ft (Bourgoyne et al., 1986). Abnormal pressure is used for any deviation from the normal pressure trend that can be either supernormal or subnormal (Mouchet, J.P., and Mitchell, 1989).
Experimental Investigation of Hydraulic Fracture Closure in a Porous Sandstone
Authors: Talebkeikhah M. , Momeni S. , Lu G. , Lecampion B.
Published: November 2022

Depending on the type of fracture propagation regime when the injection stops, the closure of the fracture may occur exactly after the injection ceases, in the case where the fracturing process is dominated by fracture energy, or the fracture propagate for a while due to the elastic energy stored in the rock, when fluid viscous dissipation dominates. In any cases, fluid losses in the surrounding porous media ultimately stops fracture growth and the fracture closes (on the proppant pack in practice). Some recent theoretical solutions have been reported for the recession and closure of a hydraulic fracture in the absence of proppant. These solutions are relevant in the context of micro hydraulic fracturing tests for in-situ stress determination. In this work, we report a laboratory hydraulic fracture experiments performed in sandstones with the aim to study experimentally fracture closure. In our experimental set-up, an extensive passive acoustic monitoring is performed and provide un-precedented spatio-temporal evolution of fracture development and closure.

Introduction and Motivation

Hydraulic fracturing is one of the methods for stimulating oil and gas wells. In this method, high-pressure fluid injection causes tensile fractures, which leads to an increase in rock permeability and conductivity, and as a result, increases oil and gas production (Madyarova and Detournay, 2003).

Investigating the behavior of fracture propagation in hydraulic fracturing operations is one of the topics that researchers are working on. Fracture propagation in rocks follows different regimes. When the energy is dissipated to overcome the toughness of the rock to form new fracture surfaces, the regime is toughness dominated and when the energy is dissipated in the flow of viscous fluid in the fracture, it is viscosity dominated (Lecampion et al, 2017). In addition, when this fracture is created in permeable and porous rocks, in which there is fluid loss into the rock, these regimes are converted to toughness-leak off dominated and viscosity-leak off dominated regimes respectively (Detournay, 2016).
Digital Simulation of Blockage-Removing Mechanism Upon Microfracturing of Unconsolidated Sandstone Formation
Authors: Zhu Haitao , Lin Botao
Published: November 2022

Fine migration is considered to be the primary factor leading to the production decline of the unconsolidated sandstone formations. Micro-fracturing technology is regarded as a practical approach to solving these problems for improving the permeability near the wellbore. However, no detailed and comprehensive research has investigated the blockage-removing mechanism upon microfracturing. Therefore, a comprehensive simulation method is proposed in this study, capable of simulating the permeability evolution and the mechanical responses of the unconsolidated sandstone during the micro-fracturing. Afterward, the blockage-removing mechanism of micro-fracturing and the associated mechanical deformation are analyzed in a field case. Furthermore, the simulation results were classified using digital method and made into a predictive chart. The results show that the permeability damage caused by a blockage in an unconsolidated sandstone can be treated by micro-fracturing. The underlying mechanisms can be summarized in three aspects. First, the hydraulic effect can mitigate the permeability damage caused by particle deposition. Secondly, the increase in pore throat radius due to pore dilation can disrupt the structure of the particle bridging. Third, the blockage caused by size exclusion is diminished due to an increase in the effective pore radius. These results elucidated the mechanism of blockage removal by microfracturing and provided valuable guidance for field engineers to improve the subsequent stimulation work.

Introduction

In recent years, more and more oil and gas resources are found in unconsolidated sands or weakly consolidated sandstones, such as the Gulf of Mexico, Athabasca (Canada), Orinoco (Venezuela), and Bohai Bay Basin of China (Xiong et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2021). These resources include conventional oil and gas reservoirs and unconventional reservoirs such as oil sands. The loss of permeability caused by fines migration in the reservoir is always considered a significant factor responsible for productivity decline. Due to unconsolidated cementation, fines migration almost occurs during the whole process of oil and gas reservoir development, such as drilling, fracturing, water injection, or liquid production. Due to the high fluid velocity near-wellbore, it is essential to note that fines migration and blocking always occur near the wellbore. Various approaches have been proposed to alleviate the adverse effects of fines migration on reservoir permeability, including nanofluid clay stabilizers, and polymers. (Huang et al., 2008; Yuan et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2015). However, these methods are not only costly and effective for a short period, but are mainly preventive in focus.
3D Modelling Approach To Investigate Zechstein Stress Transition Zone – Case Study from Fore-Sudetic Monocline (Poland)
Authors: Kårstad Eirik , Basu Pramit , Kepinski Michal , Chrzanowski Wojciech
Published: November 2022

Geomechanics is the study of how subsurface rocks deform or fail in response to changes in stress, pressure and temperature. Therefore, geomechanics is an important input for optimal exploration and development of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The Zechstein formations exhibit different rock deformation behaviours due to varying sequences of evaporites that cause significant drilling challenges, increasing drilling time and associated costs. Commonly used 1D analytical geomechanical models have been inadequate for explaining the drilling experiences in the Zechstein formation. We therefore examine a dynamic 3D geomechanical model to explain the behaviour of these formations.

The Zechstein sedimentation sequence is typical for an evaporite basin (from top): clay, salt, sulphatic rocks, carbonatic rocks and salty clay. The salt is known for its rapid hole closure behaviour, and stresses are often modelled as lithostatic. Although sulphate rocks like anhydrite creep more slowly, they are often considered viscoelastic over long time horizons, and laboratory measurements show creep behaviour. However, the behaviour of anhydrite is strongly dependent on water saturation, and the dynamic 3D geomechanical model results suggested that there is a stress transition zone through the anhydrites between the Zechstein salt (halite) and Rotliegend sandstones. The inclusion of a stress transition zone explained the drilling complications encountered in earlier wells, which could not be adequately explained using 1D geomechanical modelling.

Introduction

Geomechanics is the study of how subsurface rocks deform or fail in response to changes of stress, pressure and temperature, and therefore geomechanics is a key aspect of the exploration works. The sequences of different evaporate rocks through the Zechstein formations group result in formations being able to exhibit a number of behavioural mechanisms. Without careful geomechanics analysis and risk assessment, one should expect, numerous drilling complications, as well as health and safety risks, excessive time to complete operations and increased well cost.