bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cold resistance genes of fruit crops
Authors: Rakhmangulov R. S. , Barabanov I. V. , Ivanov A. A.
Published: May 2024

Fruit crops are an irreplaceable source of essential nutrients, macro- and microelements, vitamins, organic acids, and antioxidants. Today, the overwhelming part of fruit supply in the market is provided by foreign producers. Import substitution and meeting the demand of the Russian Federation population for fruit consumption by the domestic agro-industrial complex is impossible without expanding the geography of cultivation areas, including those in zones of risky agriculture, which requires breeding of frost-resistant (cold-resistant) cultivars (fruit crops). Application of modern biotechnological and molecular genetic methods in breeding work will increase the profitability of fruit growing by reducing the time required for obtaining plants with the desired traits and by complex evaluation of the prospects of genotypes of parental forms. The present review considers modern data on cold tolerance genes of various fruit and berry crops, summarizes the known mechanisms of their action, activation, and regulation.

The review considers modern data on genes of fruit and berry crops resistance to low temperatures, including characterization of genes encoding key receptors, signaling, effector proteins, and transcription factors in apple, pear, peach, pineapple, and strawberry. The known mechanisms of their operation, activation, regulation are given, and signaling cascades are described.
Primera experiencia de implantación de radiotransmisores en la víbora Bothrops alternatus
Authors: Vera D. G. , Clausse M. , Nejamkin P. , Almaraz K. , Berkunsky I.
Published: May 2024

La radiotelemetría se ha convertido en una herramienta valiosa para estudiar la ecología espacial y reproductiva de las serpientes. Diferentes metodologías han sido utilizadas para colocar radiotransmisores en serpientes, incluida la colocación externa con cinta adhesiva, la ingestión forzada y la aplicación de pegamento en la piel, aunque presentan limitaciones y efectos negativos en las serpientes, como la pérdida de los transmisores o la alteración del comportamiento alimentario. En el presente trabajo se presenta el primer caso de implantación de radiotransmisores en la especie Bothrops alternatus en la Argentina. Se utilizaron dos ejemplares de yarará grande B. alternatus capturados de la naturaleza. Se siguió un procedimiento basado en trabajos anteriores con adaptaciones específicas propias para tratar serpientes venenosas. Los ejemplares fueron anestesiados con isoflurano, con soporte de oxígeno durante toda la cirugía. En cada ejemplar se realizó una incisión de 2 cm de longitud, se dividió el músculo y se accedió a la cavidad celómica. El radiotransmisor, previamente esterilizado, se colocó en esta cavidad y su antena se tunelizó bajo la piel hacia la parte superior del cuerpo. Posteriormente, se suturaron los planos musculares y la piel con material estéril. La cirugía fue exitosa en ambos especímenes, con una duración de aproximadamente 30 minutos y una recuperación rápida después de la anestesia. Los radiotransmisores emitieron señales que se captaron a distancias de hasta 500 metros en el campo, lo que permitió rastrear el movimiento de las serpientes durante un período de 10 días. Sin embargo, se observó que la duración de la batería de lostransmisores fue menor de lo esperado, lo que limitó el seguimiento a largo plazo. Este trabajo representa una contribución significativa al campo de la radiotelemetría en serpientes en la Argentina, proporcionando un protocolo detallado y exitoso para la implantación de radiotransmisores en serpientes venenosas.
El campo en Morelos durante la pandemia de COVID-19, visto desde las comunidades rurales
Authors: Saldaña Ramírez Adriana , Sánchez Saldaña Kim , Muñoz Ortega Miriam
Published: May 2024

El presente cuaderno de investigación comparte los principales hallazgos del proyecto titulado Trabajo agrario y movilidades rurales en la pandemia de COVID-19 en Morelos, el cual inició en julio de 2020 y se extendió un año, y cuyo propósito ha sido registrar y comprender la manera en que algunas comunidades rurales de la región agrícola centro-oriente de Morelos enfrentaron la pandemia. Este proyecto abarca un área que se extiende por los municipios de Axochiapan, Ayala, Jantetelco, Jonacatepec y Tepalcingo.
Diversidad biológica (Volumen I)
Authors: Burgos Solorio Armando , Tello Salgado Isaac
Published: May 2024

Los autores de esta obra han plasmado sus experiencias e interpretaciones de los procesos biológicos e invitan al lector a explorar uno de los principales retos que para la ciencia que deriva del estudio de la biodiversidad de la entidad y del país. El estado de Morelos alberga una importante e interesante riqueza biológica. Las investigaciones previas permiten hacer un balance de lo hasta ahora conocido y desencadenan un análisis detallado contenido en esta obra.
COMPARATIVE PARAMETERS OF PRODUCING RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK COIL SPRINGS
Authors: Fedin Vladimir , Boymatov Anvarjon , Fimkin Aleksandr , Korzhin Sergey
Published: May 2024

The issues of ensuring stable quality of coil springs of passenger rolling stock and environmental cleanliness of the heat treatment are considered. As a solution, a new technology of intensive quenching cooling is proposed – volumetric water spraying of spring steels – 60X2HA, 60X2HFA, 51CrV4 using process water instead of oil as a quenching medium. A number of spring samples are experimentally studied, which have passed the proposed version of quenching cooling. It is found out that the quality indicators of the obtained springs meet the basic requirements of regulatory documents for the products. To implement the technological process of quenching cooling by volumetric water spraying, an experimental equipment has been developed that allows proceeding to the development of an industrial quenching cooling system.
Analisis Manajemen Risiko Pembiayaan Mudharabah pada Perbankan Syariah
Authors: Dewi Afiatin
Published: May 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana risiko Pembiayaan  Mudharabah dalam Perbankan Syariah. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi kasus. Data dikyang diperoleh berdasarkan atas hasil wawancara dengan pegawai Bank. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa risiko yang diakibatkan oleh Pembiayaan Mudharabah disebabkan oleh kelalaian atau keterlambatan nasabah dalam melakukan pembayaran atas pembiayaan tersebut. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, bank  memberikan Solusi salah satunya adalah dengan memberikan kesempatan kepada naasabah pembiayaan untuk melakukan restrukturisasi pembiayaan.
Programming as a mediator of mathematical thinking
Authors: Tossavainen Timo , Johansson Claes , Juhlin Alf , Wedestig Anna
Published: May 2024

We report on three episodes from a case study where upper secondary students numerically explore the definite integral in a Python environment. Our research questions concern how code can mediate and support students' mathematical thinking and what kind of sociomathematical norms emerge as students work together to reach a mutual understanding of a correct solution. The main findings of our investigation are as follows. 1) Students can actively use code as a mediator of their mathematical thinking, and code can even serve as a bridge that helps students to develop their mathematical thinking collaboratively. Further, code can help students to perceive mathematical notions as objects with various properties and to communicate about these properties, even in other semiotic systems than the mathematical language. 2) For the participating students, a common norm was that an acceptable solution is a sufficient condition for the correctness of the solution method although students were aware of a problem in their code, yet also other norms emerged. This demonstrates that learning mathematics with programming can have an effect on what kind of sociomathematical norms emerge in classroom.
Privacy Audit of Commercial Large Language Models with Sophisticated Prompt Engineering
Authors: Lund Jeffrey , Macfarlane Sean , Niles Brooke
Published: May 2024

Privacy audits of AI systems have become increasingly essential as they integrate more deeply into societal functions. The current investigation employs specialized prompt engineering to probe two commercial language models for potential privacy breaches and their compliance with the EU AI Act. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, including content, statistical, and cluster analyses, the study identifies significant privacy concerns related to data retention and leakage. Results indicate that revised prompting techniques uncover more pronounced privacy issues compared to standard methods, highlighting the need for continuous advancements in audit practices. This work not only maps the landscape of privacy vulnerabilities in contemporary AI models but also suggests actionable pathways for enhancing regulatory and development practices to safeguard user data.
The Badolo FoodResilience scientific framework for advancing food security resilience to climate change in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Badolo Mathieu
Published: May 2024

In Sub-Saharan Africa, food security resilience to climate acceleration will require new resilience policies for this sector based on the concepts of climate change indirect impacts, climate change residual vulnerabilities, climate change residual impacts, subdivision of climate change resilience trajectories, climate change partial resilience configurations, climate change vulnerability indicators and climate change resilience markers. Specifically, these new resilience policies will subdivide the complex food security resilience to climate change trajectories into several resilience trajectories segments of less complexity, to achieve successive partial resilience configurations, on the basis of contextual specificities, capacities and resilience needs. Food security partial resilience configurations are specific resilience achievements that are less complex to achieve and are marked by specific subsets of climate change impacts on food security mitigation.In this article, we propose Badolo FoodResilience scientific framework for more relevant and more efficient food security resilience to climate change policies in the context of Sub-Saharan Africa. It includes bodies of information and a resilience scheme for food security resilience to climate change trajectories. The resilience scheme of the proposed scientific framework includes successive resilience trajectories segments to achieve partial resilience configurations, based on contextual specificities, capacities and resilience needs. Fundamentally, the Badolo FoodResilience scientific framework is a participatory and inclusive tool for innovative food security climate change resilience policies that plan and achieve desired progress in food security resilience to climate change, following contextual specificities, capacities and resilience needs.
Prospects for deuterium MR spectroscopy for assessing amino acid metabolism in neuro-oncology
Authors: Pronin Igor , Pogosbekian Eduard , Teryaeva Nadezhda , Lesiv Alexei , Ivashkin Pavel , Schulte Rolf , Sudarikova Anna , Batalov Artyom , Tyurina Anastasia , Fadeeva Liudmila
Published: May 2024

Recently, deuterium MR spectroscopy (DMRS), has gained attention in bothclinical and preclinical settings for studying brain metabolism in healthy volunteersand patients with neuro-oncological conditions. DMRS can surpass the results of thegold standard metabolic imaging technique, positron emission tomography (PET)with amino acids tracers, which are considered to be tumor proliferation markers. Inthis article, we consider the potential utility of deuterated amino acids in assessingcellular metabolism akin to PET tracers.The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility a 3.0T clinical MR scanner toacquire deuterium spectra from phantoms containing a deuterated α-aminoisobutyricacid (AIB) tracer and determine its minimal concentration that can be detected.We carried out DMRS on phantoms containing deuterated tracers using a single-channel 1H-2H RF-coil (Rapid Biomedical GmbH) on a 3.0T MR scanner (GEHealthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA). The phantom comprised a 1.5-liter plasticcontainer filled with natural water, housing a cylinder-shaped vial containingdeuterated AIB tracer (Solvex LLC, Moscow, Russia) positioned at the center of thecontainer. Vials of volumes 20, 12, and 6 mL were tested, with tracer concentrationsranging from 0.38 to 20 mM. Deuterium 2D spectra with a voxel grid of 20x20 wereobtained using a custom pulse sequence “fidall”. Scanning durations were 34:21 or17:10 minutes. A localized 2H-MR spectrum was analyzed for the voxel with thehighest signal amplitude.The spectra exhibited two distinct peaks of water and AIB. The lowest tracerconcentration at which both peaks were distinguishable was 1.25 mM for all testedvials.Thus, DMRS can measure AIB concentrations as low as 1.25 mM in 6-mL testobjects using a 3.0T scanner. This concentration corresponds to the level of aminoacid accumulation observed in neuro-oncological tumors. It proves that AIB haspotential as a tracer for DMRS in tumor diagnostics.
The Public Meeting Paradox: How NIMBY-Dominated Public Meetings Can Enable New Housing
Authors: Cuttner Allison K. , Hübert Ryan , Montagnes Brendan Pablo
Published: May 2024

Public meetings to consider new housing proposals often feature visible and vocal opposition from neighboring residents, creating a perception that these meetings impede the growth of the housing supply contributing to inequality. We analyze a model where residents can legally challenge a developer’s housing proposal. A public meeting serves as a critical tool for developers to identify potential litigants, enabling them to adjust proposals and avoid legal action. Interestingly, developers prefer meetings dominated by opponents since it is easier to identify potentially litigious neighbors. Contrary to common belief, our findings suggest that public meetings dominated by NIMBY opponents can increase housing supply by fostering com- promise projects. This challenges the prevailing conventional wisdom that unrepresentative meetings significantly restrict housing development. Our analysis instead focuses attention on the threat of litigation as the key driver of the undersupply of housing.
Proof of the Goldbach Conjecture by extension to the negative number line and using a probabilistic approach
Authors: Zhou Xinyi
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT. The Goldbach conjecture is one of the oldest unsolved problems in number theory and in the whole mathematical field. It is firstly mentioned by Prussian mathematician Christian Goldbach in his correspondence to Swiss mathematician Leonard Euler almost 300 years ago in 1742. The conjecture states that any even number greater than 2 could be build as sum of 2 prime numbers. Although there exist some proofs for heavily modified versions of the (odd) Goldbach conjecture, until this day, no proof exist for the original, 2-prime even Goldbach conjecture. In this paper after we have established some crucial statements around the conjecture and created a search algorithm to find the pairs of primes for any even numbers, we need to extend the Goldbach conjecture to the negative integer domain to be more able to use an important attribute of primes that they do exist in infinite numbers in both the positive and negative integer domain before we could proof the conjecture in its more generic and extended form using a probabilistic method.
Conceptualization of the Diaspora Identity Formulation: From Literary Theory and Cultural Perspective
Authors: Liton Hussain Ahmed
Published: May 2024

This paper strives to traverse the aspects related to the maze of conceptualization of diaspora identity formulation from a literary theory and cultural perspective referring to Bharati Mukherjee’s diasporic writings. To this end, this paper discusses the issues of the diaspora, diasporic literary tenets, and diaspora identity based on primary and secondary sources. It also employs Homi K. Bhabha’s theory of hybridity, S. Hall’s diaspora and cultural identity, and other noted diasporic and cultural theorists’ contributions as a method for the research analysis and theoretical foundation of the study. The research analysis shows that to configure diaspora identity, the diasporic community does not depend on fixed boundaries or identities because they develop their own fluid/split identities based on their different situations of life in the New World of multicultural ambience, as Jasmine’s different identities in different situations and locations are reflected in Mukherjee’s novel Jasmine (1989). This paper also contributes significantly to diasporic transcultural studies and literary criticism in particular.
Projection of spatially explicit land use scenarios for the São Francisco River Basin, Brazil
Authors: Vasco Gabriel , Miranda Rodrigo , Viana Jussara Freire de Souza , Bressiani Danielle , Mendiondo Eduardo Mario , Silva Richarde Marques da , Galvíncio Josiclêda Domiciano , Bezerra Gilney , Montenegro Suzana
Published: May 2024

Future land use change in the São Francisco River Basin (SFRB) is critical to the future of regional climate and biodiversity, given the large heterogeneity among the four climate types within the basin. These changes in SFRB depend on the link between global and national factors due to its role as one of the world's major exporters of raw materials and national to local institutional, socioeconomic, and biophysical contexts. In this work, LuccME's spatially explicit land change distribution modeling framework is used, aiming to develop three models that balance global (e.g., GDP growth, population growth, per capita agricultural consumption, international trade policies, and climate conditions) and regional/ scene. Local factors (such as land use, agricultural structure, agricultural suitability, protected areas, distance from roads and other infrastructure projects), are consistent with the global structure Shared Socio-Economic Pathways (SSP) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP), namely: SSP1/RCP 1.9 (sustainable development scenario), SSP2/RCP 4.5 (moderate scenario) and SSP3/RCP 7.0 (high inequality scenario). Based on detailed biophysical, socioeconomic, and institutional factors for each region of the São Francisco River Basin, spatially explicit land use scenarios to 2050 were created, considering the following categories: agriculture, natural forest, rangeland, agriculture, rangeland, and forest. mosaic plantation. The results show that the performance of the developed model is satisfactory. The average spatial fitting index between observed data and simulated data in 2019 is 89.48%, the average fitting error percentage corresponding to omissions is 2.59%, and the commission error is approximately 2.16%. Regarding the projected scenarios, the results show that three classes, agriculture, pasture, and mosaic of agriculture and pasture will continue in the same direction (increasing), regardless of the scenario considered, differently to the class of natural forest and forest plantation, which will decrease in scenarios of the middle road and strong inequality, and sustainable development, respectively.
Stereotypes and Attitudes Toward Nationality Groups in the United States
Authors: Toprakkiran Selin , Lai Calvin K.
Published: May 2024

The history of racial/ethnic relations in the U.S. is a history of immigrant groups from nations around the world. Despite the prominence of immigrant groups in U.S. intergroup relations, there is a lack of systematic research on the stereotypes of specific nationality groups. To understand how nationality groups are perceived in the U.S., U.S. residents were randomly assigned to report on stereotypes and attitudes of a subset of 28 nationality groups and 6 racial/ethnic groups (N = 7,050). Nationality groups differed widely on the 15 stereotypes and attitudes we measured, which included perceptions of warmth, status, Americanness, and political orientation. The stereotypes and attitudes associated with nationality groups also consistently differed from those associated with their respective racial and ethnic groups. Finally, participants’ personal views of groups were consistently more positive than how they think society views these groups. These results highlight the heterogeneity of how Americans stereotype others on the basis of nationality and demonstrate the importance of disaggregating nationality from race/ethnicity when assessing stereotypes and attitudes.
Psychometric evaluation of the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI) in autistic and non-autistic adults
Authors: English Michael , Poulsen Rebecca , Maybery Murray , McAlpine David , Sowman Paul F. , Pellicano Liz
Published: May 2024

Measures of autistic traits are only useful — for pre-diagnostic screening, exploring individual differences, and gaining personal insight — if they efficiently and accurately assess autism as currently conceptualised whilst maintaining psychometric validity across different demographic groups. We recruited 1,322 autistic and 1,279 non-autistic adults who varied in autism status (non-autistic, diagnosed autistic, self-identifying autistic), gender (cis-male, cis-female, gender diverse), and age, to assess the psychometric properties of the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI), a recently developed measure of autistic traits that examines six trait domains using 42 self-report statements. Factor fit for the six-subscales was appropriate, as was total-scale and subscale reliability. Importantly, measurement invariance was demonstrated based on both autism status and gender indicating that the CATI can be used to make direct comparisons between members of these groups. Autistic traits were highly similar between diagnosed and self-identifying autistic adults while gender-diverse participants showed more autistic traits than their cis counterparts. Sensitivity and specificity estimates supported the use of the CATI in identifying autistic from non-autistic participants, with discrimination thresholds calculated. Our analysis indicates that the CATI is a practical measure of autistic traits in non-autistic and autistic participants with utility for researchers, clinicians, and for affirming self-identity.
Towards a computational model of responsibility judgments in sequential human-AI collaboration
Authors: Tsirtsis Stratis , Rodriguez Manuel Gomez , Gerstenberg Tobias
Published: May 2024

When a human and an AI agent collaborate to complete a task and something goes wrong, who is responsible? Prior work has developed theories to describe how people assign responsibility to individuals in teams. However, there has been little work studying the cognitive processes that underlie responsibility judgments in human-AI collaborations, especially for tasks comprising a sequence of interdependent actions. In this work, we take a step towards filling this gap. Using semi-autonomous driving as a paradigm, we develop an environment that simulates stylized cases of human-AI collaboration using a generative model of agent behavior. We propose a model of responsibility that considers how unexpected an agent’s action was, and what would have happened had they acted differently. We test the model’s predictions empirically and find that in addition to action expectations and counterfactual considerations, participants’ responsibility judgments are also affected by how much each agent actually contributed to the outcome.
Causal Reasoning About Illnesses and Remedies by Puerto Rican Parents Living in the United States
Authors: Pineda Evelyn , Hernandez Graciela Trujillo , Yoo Seung Heon , Rosengren Karl S.
Published: May 2024

This study examined how Puerto Rican parents living in the United States reason about illnesses and remedies. Special focus is placed on the influence of Puerto Rican cultural, religious, and spiritual beliefs due to the influence of Taino, West African, Spanish, and U.S. beliefs and customs. Parents of 3.5 to 12-year-old children from the Rochester, NY area were asked to complete a questionnaire centered on their beliefs and an open-ended interview that explored how one could get sick and treated for biological illnesses (e.g., the common cold, COVID-19, cancer). Although participants reported religious, spiritual, and mystical beliefs in the questionnaire, they provided scientific explanations for illness and remedies in the interview. This study provides novel findings on how individuals of Puerto Rican descent understand illnesses and remedies and the variation across individuals. This study provides strong evidence for the variation in coexistence of beliefs within this population.
The more, the merrier? Establishing a dose-response relationship for the effects of cognitive control training on depressive symptomatology
Authors: Vander Zwalmen Yannick , Demeester David , Hoorelbeke Kristof , Verhaeghe Nick , Baeken Chris , Koster Ernst H. W.
Published: May 2024

Cognitive impairments are frequently observed after remission from depression. There is evidence to show that Cognitive Control Training (CCT) can reduce such impairments and related risk for recurrent episodes. However, it is currently unclear how many CCT sessions are required for short and long-term effects. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigates the dose-response relationship of CCT in a sample of individuals with remitted depression (RMD; n=216). Participants were randomly assigned to one of six arms, each receiving a different amount of training sessions (0, 1, 5, 10, 15 or 20 sessions). We found task-specific, but no near cognitive transfer. Mixed-effects models showed that a minimum of 10 training sessions was required for a significant decrease in depressive symptoms shortly after training, but this was not maintained at three- or six-month follow-up. We observed reductions in perseverative thinking in all groups receiving 10 or more CCT sessions, which remained present until six-month follow-up.
Leveraging Local Knowledge for AI-driven Business Innovation in Sabah: A Framework for Sustainable Growth"
Authors: Eunora
Published: May 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into businesses in Sabah presents a unique opportunity to drive innovation and competitiveness across diverse sectors such as agriculture, tourism, and natural resources. However, a critical challenge lies in developing and implementing AI solutions that are tailored to Sabah specific needs and constraints, particularly concerning the availability of relevant and high-quality data for training AI models. This study aims to address this challenge by proposing a framework for integrating local knowledge and domain expertise into the data collection and curation process, enhancing the quality and relevance of data used for training AI models in Sabah's businesses.The research objectives focus on identifying key sources of local knowledge and domain expertise relevant to Sabah's industries, designing methodologies for systematically capturing and integrating this knowledge into data collection processes, investigating techniques for validating and enriching collected data through collaborative efforts, and evaluating the impact of leveraging local knowledge on AI model accuracy, robustness, and applicability. Through achieving these objectives, actionable insights and guidelines will be provided to businesses in Sabah, enabling them to effectively harness local expertise to optimize their AI initiatives and drive sustainable economic growth in the region.Theoretical frameworks such as Resource-Based View (RBV), Dynamic Capabilities Theory, KnowledgeBased View (KBV), and Institutional Theory are explored in the literature review, providing valuable perspectives on leveraging local knowledge for competitive advantage and ethical AI deployment. Recommendations include adopting collaborative data collection approaches, developing contextaware data integration frameworks, investing in local talent development, and prioritizing ethical AI governance to ensure alignment with Sabah's cultural and regulatory norms.In conclusion, this research underscores the transformative potential of integrating local knowledge and domain expertise into AI strategies for Sabah's businesses. By embracing theoretical insights and practical strategies, businesses can navigate the complexities of AI adoption in a manner that fosters inclusive growth and societal well-being. The recommendations and future research agenda outlinedprovide a road map for advancing AI-driven entrepreneurship and economic development in Sabah's dynamic economic landscape, positioning the region as a hub for innovative and sustainable AI solutions tailored to local needs and constraints. Future research efforts will focus on implementing these recommendations to address evolving challenges and opportunities in the intersection of AI and business in Sabah
PENTINGNYA INOVASI PENDIDIKAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Ariffullah Muhammad Nor
Published: May 2024

Studi ini menggali pentingnya mengintegrasikan teknologi informasi ke dalam pendidikan sejarah di abad ke-21. Masalah penelitian menjawab perlunya inovasi pendidikan untuk meningkatkan proses pembelajaran dan mencapai tujuan pendidikan tertentu. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana guru dapat memanfaatkan teknologi, seperti e-learning dan media interaktif, untuk menciptakan pengalaman belajar yang menarik dan efektif bagi siswa. Metodologinya melibatkan analisis kebutuhan siswa dan merancang pengalaman belajar inovatif berdasarkan kemajuan teknologi, khususnya memanfaatkan alat seperti Kahoot untuk pembelajaran online. Hasilnya menyoroti potensi teknologi untuk menggantikan metode konvensional, mendukung proses pembelajaran, dan meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan secara keseluruhan. Implikasinya menunjukkan bahwa mengintegrasikan teknologi dalam pendidikan dapat menghasilkan pengajaran yang lebih efektif, pengalaman belajar yang menarik, dan peningkatan akses terhadap sumber daya pendidikan.
Prevalence of Thyroid Disorder in First Trimester of Pregnancy, Study from Lumbini Province Nepal
Authors: Deepanjali Sharma  , Jigyasa Subedi  , Manoj Lamsal  , Tara KC  , Hasina Banu
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION Thyroid disorder is the second most common endocrine disorder of pregnancy. The most common thyroid disorder is hypothyroidism which often goes undiagnosed during pregnancy without screening. It has inﬂuence in maternal and fetal outcome of pregnancy. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of thyroid disorder in the ﬁrst trimester of pregnancy.
MATERIAL AND METHODSThis was cross-sectional observational study conducted for a period of 6 months (Jan - June 2022) at Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepal. All the pregnant women in their ﬁrst trimester who came for antenatal check-up in gynae OPD was included after taking consent.
RESULTSTotal 393 cases were evaluated. 58% were primigravida and 42% were multigravida. Mean age was 26 years with minimum 17 years and maximum 41 years. Majority of cases were of the age group 20 to 30 years 76.6%. Thyroid disorder noted in 21.3%. Hypothyroidism found in 18.6% with overt hypothyroidism in 12.8% and subclinical hypothyroidism in 5.8%. Hyperthyroidism noted in 2.7% with overt hyperthyroidism in 1.5% and subclinical hyperthyroidism in 1.2%.
CONCLUSIONThyroid disorder in pregnancy in common health problem in ﬁrst trimester in pregnancy. Early diagnosis and treatment is needed to reduce complications associated with this endocrine disorder of pregnancy.
Bacteriological Study of Post-Operative Wound Infection and its Antibiograms
Authors: Apsha Shrestha  , Stuti Koirala  , Ashok Adhikari  , Sweata Bhandari  , Rajeshwar Reddy Kasarla  , Laxmi Pathak
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTIONPostoperative wound infections are a signiﬁcant complication of surgical procedures, which increases morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospital stay, and increased healthcare costs. The study was undertaken with an aim to investigate the etiological agents of postoperative wounds and their sensitivity to commonly used antibiotics.
MATERIAL AND METHODSThis study was a descriptive cross-sectional prospective study, carried out at Universal College Of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital, Bhairahawa, Nepal, on 100 postoperatively wounded infected cases, during April 2023 – August 2023, Non Probability sampling method (Purposive sampling) was used, and specimens were collected by sterile cotton swabs and pus was aspirated with a sterile needle and syringe and processed using standard bacteriological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity test was conducted by disc diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) method.
RESULTSPostoperative wound infections caused by Gram negative bacilli were more frequent and predominant pathogens involved were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by Klebsiella spp and Enterobacter aerogenes. Among Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus was predominant. Gram positive cocci were highly sensitive to Ampicillin, and Gram negative bacilli were highly sensitive to Ceftazidime, Gentamicin, and Amikacin. Coagulase negative staphylococci were resistant to all drugs tested.
CONCLUSIONPseudomonas aeruginosa was the commonest etiological agent for postoperative wound infections. Gram positive cocci and E.coli were highly sensitive to Ampicillin and Gram negative bacilli were highly sensitive to Ceftazidime, Gentamicin, Amikacin. Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to vancomycin and Teicoplanin and coagulase staphylococci were resistant to all drugs tested. Gram negative bacilli were resistant to Polymyxin B and Tigecycline. Increasing resistance to commonly used antibiotics warrants the judicious use of antibiotics and establishment of antibiotic policy in the hospital.
Awareness Regarding Cancer among People Residing in Kapilvastu District
Authors: Jyoti Priyanka  , Neelam Shrestha  , Amit Kumar Chaudhary  , Rubina Shrestha  , Gunjan Pokhrel  , Deepak Belbase
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTIONCancer is a second leading cause of death globally, accounting for an estimate 9.6 million deaths or one in six in 2018 according to WHO factsheet. This study aimed to assess the awareness regarding cancer and its associated factors among adults of Maharajgunj Municipality of Kapilvastu.
MATERIAL AND METHODSCommunity based, cross-sectional study design was conducted to assess the awareness regarding cancer and its associated factors and warning signs from January 2023 to July 2023, on a total of 400 participants in the age range of 20-90 years. Participants were enrolled in the study using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaire from consented participants. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used for further analysis. The level of signiﬁcance was set at p-value <0.05.
RESULTSThis study revealed that only 32.5% of participants were aware of symptoms and 32.8% of participants were aware of the risk factors associated with cancer. Signiﬁcant associations were found between cancer awareness of risk factors and socio-demographic variables such as occupation (p=0.049), education (p-value=0.02), religion (p-value=0.033), and ethnicity (p-value=0.016). However, this study showed statistically signiﬁcant association only between level of education and cancer awareness of symptoms.
CONCLUSIONThe study ﬁndings indicate that approximately one-third of the participants had awareness regarding cancer risk factors and symptoms. These ﬁndings emphasize the urgent necessity for increased awareness of cancer among the community. Therefore, it is imperative to implement effective strategies to enhance community engagement in cancer-related health education programs.
Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity of Datura Stramonium Leaves Extract in Diabetic Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Roshan Kumar Mehta  , Ramesh Kohar  , Vivek Kumar Mehta  , Narayan Gautam  , Pradyumna Chaudhary  , Mukesh Kumar Chaudhary
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTIONDiabetes mellitus is defined as the increase in blood glucose levels associated with a relative insulin deficiency, insulin resistance or both. Datura stramonium is commonly known as Jimson weed or Datura belongs to family Solanaceae containing different types of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, phenols and glycosides.
MATERIAL AND METHODSExtraction was done by maceration process using ethanol as solvent. Swiss albino mice of 20-35 gram were taken as study animal. Diabetes was induced by using Alloxan 20 mg/kg body weight and Glibenclamide 10 mg/kg body weight was used as standard. Ethanolic extract of low dose (50 mg/kg) and high dose (100 mg/kg) were subjected for Anti-diabetic activity.
RESULTSThe extract treated 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and standard 10 mg/kg showed highly significant reduction in blood glucose level (BGL) on 21st and 28th day respectively when compared to negative control group. Extract treated 100 mg/kg showed significant improvement on high density lipoprotein when compared to negative control group. Extract treated 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and standard 10 mg/kg showed highly significant improvement in lipid profile when compared to negative control group. Extract treated 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and standard 10 mg/kg showed significant body weight gain when compared to negative control group. Extract treated 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg showed significant improvement in food intake. Extract treated 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg showed highly significant but standard treated 10 mg/kg showed significant improvement in water intake.
CONCLUSIONThe present study concludes that the extract possesses potent and significant anti-diabetic activity of Datura stramonium leaves.
Jurisprudential Analysis of the Right to Life and Dignity: A South African Perspective
Authors: Norless Nodangala Zibele , Masumbe Paul S.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the study is to analyse the jurisprudence of the right to life and dignity as fundamentally protected rights in a South African perspective since the dawn of democracy and Constitution of 1996 hereafter referred to as the Constitution. This paper argues that South Africa as a state in applying the Bill of Rights and the Constitution might have encroached or applied laws that may have compromised justice in so far as the impact from the decisions of the courts are concerned. This paper will therefore examine how the courts have interpreted the law and the protection of the non derogable rights of life and dignity post constitutional democracy. The democratic government has a duty to reverse apartheid policies that stemmed from colonial laws. Apartheid laws segregated people and rights were clustered, and selectively applied along racial lines with a tiny majority of European-Africans as sole beneficiaries of rights while the African majority wallow in rightlessness. The authors will examine how the state interprets these fundamental principles of the constitution since the dawn of democracy. The authors hope that the arguments presented in this paper would assist in understanding the moral justification of the decisions in human rights cases in South Africa as the courts battle their way into the realisation of especially non derogable rights as set out in the Bill of Rights.
Selection of Outstanding Students Using AHP and Profile Matching
Authors: Nasri Muhammad Haris , Hammad Rifqi , Irfan Pahrul
Published: May 2024

The determination of outstanding students is the giving of awards to those who excel in academic and non-academic fields, aimed at motivating increased achievement. However, this process is often hampered by various criteria that must be considered, such as English language skills, work results, awards, and so on. The solution offered to overcome this problem is the development of a decision support system for selecting outstanding students using the AHP and Profile Matching methods. So, the aim of this research is to develop a decision support system for selecting outstanding students using a combination of the AHP and Profile matching methods, where later the system developed can assist decision makers in determining outstanding students. The results obtained from this research are a decision support system that uses 8 criteria and 26 alternative sample data which shows that "Mahasiswa F" is an outstanding student with a score of 4.09. The results of manual calculations with the system show similarities, which shows that the system developed is in accordance with expectations.
Microstructure and properties of polymeric composite materials based on polyethylene and thermally extended graphite for transport systems
Authors: Lysenkov E. A. , Klymenko L. P.
Published: May 2024

The effect of thermoexpanded graphite (TEG) on the microstructure and functional properties of polymer composites based on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) has been studied by optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and mechanical analysis. There has been proven the efficiency of the method of mixing polymer composites using a piston extruder, which provides a more uniform distribution of the filler in the polymer matrix. It is shown that the introduction of TEG leads to a decrease in the degree of crystallinity and melting point of systems based on high-density polyethylene, which is a consequence of the destruction or increase in the defect of the crystal structure of the polymer matrix under the influence of TEG. With the introduction of 1 % of TEG, the melting point decreased from 415.0 to 408.5 K. With the introduction of 3 % of TEG, the thermal conductivity increased from 0.18 W/(m·K) (for HDPE) to 0.76 W/(m·K). The extreme change in the thermal conductivity of polymer composites is a consequence of the formation of TEG in the polymer matrix of the percolation cluster, the mesh of the filler, which penetrates the entire volume of the material. As a result of the conductivity studies, the percolation threshold of thermal conductivity has been determined for these HDPE-TEG systems, which is 0.6 %. Microscopic studies confirmed the formation of the percolation cluster obtained by thermal conductivity. It is shown that at the content of 0.6 % of TEG, there is formed a continuous cluster. The formation of this cluster is confirmed by mechanical studies. An increase in mechanical strength has been recorded, which increases from 30.5 MPa (for HDPE) to 42.8 MPa at 5 % filler content, and this is promising for the use of these materials in transport systems.
Analisis Tingkat Kesesuaian Perhitungan HPP dengan Metode Job Order Costing pada Lharissa Bakery Kota Probolinggo
Authors: Mayangsari Afrila Eka , Kantun Sri , Tiara Tiara
Published: May 2024

Perkembangan perusahaan roti yang termasuk bagian dari industri kecil cukup mengalami peningkatan, sehingga menimbulkan adanya persaingan antar perusahaan sejenis. Persaingan tersebut menuntut perusahaan roti untuk menekan harga pokok produksi agar tetap dapat bertahan. Harga pokok produksi sendiri menjadi salah satu komponen penting bagi perusahaan roti. Perhitungan harga pokok produksi terbagi menjadi 2 metode, yakni metode Job Order Costing dan Metode Process Costing. Perusahaan roti yang menerapkan proses produksi berdasarkan metode Job Order Costing harus menghitung harga pokok produksi sesuai dengan selera atau keinginan pemesan. Lharissa Bakery Kota Probolinggo salah perusahaan roti yang menerapkan proses produksinya berdasarkan pesanan. Lharissa Bakery dalam menghitung harga pokok produksi sudah menggunakan metode Job Order Costing. Metode Job Order Costing yang mencakup biaya bahan baku, biaya tenaga kerja langsung dan biaya overhead pabrik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis tingkat kesesuaian penerapan metode Job Order Costing yang dilakukan oleh Lharissa Bakery Kota Probolinggo dengan membandingkan standar yang sesuai dengan metode Job Order Costing.            Penelitian ini menggunakan metode evaluatif dengan penentuan lokasi menggunakan metode purposive area. Subjek penelitian ini adalah Lharissa Bakery Kota Probolinggo dan data-data yang dibutuhkan pada penelitian ini terdiri dari dua diantaranya data utama yang diperoleh dari metode dokumen serta data pendukung diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dan observasi. Analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis evaluatif dengan cara membandingkan data yang didapatkan dari lapangan dengan standar yang ada.            Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesesuaian penerapan metode JOC dalam menghitung HPP yang dilakukan oleh Lharisa Bakery Kota Probolinggo sebesar 50% serta nilai HPP yang menimbulkan selisih kurang dari perhitungan HPP berdasarkan standar. Selisih tersebut sebesar Rp99.470, yang diperoleh dari hasil perhitungan HPP yang dilakukan oleh Lharisa Bakery Kota Probolinggo sebesar Rp2.591.049 dengan hasil perhitungan HPP sesuai standar sebesar Rp2.690.789. Hasil penerapan dan perhitungan tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa Lharisa Bakery Kota Probolinggo kurang tepat. Hasil perhitungan yang tepat, dapat diperoleh apabila Lharissa Bakery Kota Probolinggo memasukkan seluruh biaya secara proporsional sesuai dengan standar metode JOC yang ada.
Sengketa Ekspor Nikel Indonesia dengan Uni Eropa di World Trade Organization
Authors: Hutabarat Grace
Published: May 2024

Tulisan ini bertujuan dalam menganalisis kasus sengketa ekspor mineral berupa nikel milik Indonesia yang digugat oleh Uni Eropa di World Trade Organization. Perseteruan bermula saat Indonesia memberlakukan kebijakan pembatasan ekspor bijih nikel Indonesia ke Uni Eropa pada Januari 2020. Uni Eropa beranggapan kebijakan ini sangat merugikan industri stainless steal milik Uni Eropa, sehingga Uni Eropa menuntut Indonesia di WTO dengan dalil Indonesia melanggar pasal XI ayat 1 dari General Agreement on Tariffs (GATT) and Trade 1994, padahal Indonesia memberlakukan kebijakan tersebut atas dasar konservasi sumber daya alam dan keamanan lingkungan sebagaimana hal tersebut tercantum pada pasal XX GATT tentang pengecualian umum. Maka dari itu penulis akan menguraikan kasus ini menggunakan teori perdagangan Internasional dengan memanfaatkan konsep kepentingan nasional.
Preparation of Ceramic Press Powder Based on Aluminosilicate Clay Raw Materials and Ash and Slag Waste from Thermal Power Plants Synthesized by Vitreous Microspheres
Authors: GUR'EVA V.A. , DOROSHIN A.V.
Published: May 2024

The possibility of using 3-component charges in the production of wall ceramics by semi-dry pressing from aluminosilicate loams in a composition with ash and slag waste from CHP plants, cullet and silica gel obtained by the sol-gel method is considered. The physicochemical processes and phase formations occurring in the production of ceramic materials using WCO at the firing stage have been studied. It was found that the introduction of fluxes in the form of cullet and silica gel reduces the temperature of heat treatment and are intensifiers of mineral neoplasms that increase mechanical strength compared with samples made from 2-component compositions «loam + ASW».