bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Assistive Technology in the English Language Learning Experience of Blind and Visually Impaired Students in Pakistan: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Khan Gul Zamin , Mahmood Arshad
Published: February 2023

This qualitative study addresses the role of assistive technology in the English language learning experiences of blind and visually impaired students. Underpinned by the interpretivist theory, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten blind and visually impaired students studying at IIU and NUML universities in Islamabad. All the students were given a chance to give a detailed account regarding the role of assistive technology in their English language learning experiences. The study revealed that the BVI students who made effective use of assistive technology proved more successful English language learners as compared with those who made less use of it. They had better access to study material, and were more successful in completing and submitting their tasks and assignments to their sighted teachers for their perusal with little assistance from sighted individuals. Assistive technology made the BVI learners independent, self-reliant and self-assured. Although very effective, yet assistive technology could not resolve all the problems confronted by blind and visually impaired students.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Parents’ Attitudes towards Children Vaccination against COVID-19
Authors: Mahmood Qaisar Khalid , Farooq Muhammad , Uzair Muhammad
Published: February 2023

COVID-19 vaccine has recently been approved for Pakistani children. Understanding parental intentions to vaccinate children against COVID-19 is important to the development of an effective COVID-19 vaccine campaign. This study was conducted to analyze parents’ attitudes towards their children's vaccination against COVID-19 and their knowledge about the vaccination campaign for children younger than 12 years. An online survey was conducted, and five hundred and twenty-three parents participated in the survey. Findings indicate that majority of the parents had the knowledge of the vaccination campaign for the children. They got this information through television and social media platforms. Overall, parents’ attitudes towards their children's vaccination against COVI-19 were positive, and they were willing to vaccinate their children. Most of the parents rejected the stereotypical reasons for not vaccinating their children. There is a need to expand this vaccination campaign all over the country.
Impact of Non-linear Analysis of Crude Oil Prices on Domestic Inflation in Pakistan
Authors: Abid Muhammad Yasin , Ghafoor Abdul , Javed Muhammad Tariq , Amjad Muhammad Asif
Published: February 2023

Post-COVID-19 outbreaks and the Russian-Ukraine war seriously disturb the energy supply chain, which causes massive inflation worldwide. This inflation badly affected developing countries because of the poor population living in these countries. This study explores the different determinants of inflation in Pakistan by considering the global crude oil prices (COP) energy prices by using the annual time series data from 1980 to 2020. This study measured inflation by using CPI as the dependent variable, while COP was the key independent variable by controlling the exchange rate, GDP, and remittances. The empirical results are estimated by using the non-linear ARDL econometric approach. The study proposes the U-shaped relationship of COP with CPI. Furthermore, foreign remittance and GDP per capita also contribute to domestic inflation. The present study suggests that government should take steps to decrease dependence on imported energy resources to make Pakistan prosperous.
Evolution of the Individual Criminal Accountability Principle in International Law
Authors: Ghani Abdul , Khan Abdus Samad , Husnain Hammad
Published: February 2023

The creation of Special Tribunals with authority to prosecute those accused of "grave breaches" and infringements of the law towards humanity was among the most significant breakthroughs in international law. Unquestionably, this is a recent worldwide development that has raised questions about sovereignty and impunity. Since the horrors committed by the Nazis and the Nuremberg trials, war crimes legislation has expanded its definition to include several offenses that are now referred to as "international crimes" and "crimes of genocide." Although it was created to combat the politics of punishment for those who commit these crimes, some member states are unwilling to prosecute people who commit these recognized international crimes. In fact, the Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court (ICC) was drafted due to the jurisprudence established by these Special Tribunals. More precisely, it has been maintained that Act of war crimes and Act of crimes against humanity are perpetrated by individuals and not by impersonal forces, and that international law can only be upheld and implemented by punishing those responsible for such horrible crimes. Nevertheless, a convincing argument could be made that the establishment of these tribunals heralds a revolutionary change in international law. The qualitative research methodology has been applied to the following article.
Attitude of Undergraduate Pakistani Students of other Disciplines towards English as a Minor Subject: A Case Study of Undergraduate Students at Minhaj University Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Qasim Muhammad , Aziz Shanila , Kunwar Irfana
Published: February 2023

The present study is a first-hand exploration of university students' attitudes by a university lecturer teaching in various departments. The study gives an insight into the motivation level of these students towards their English language class, their expectations from the course, their feedback about the content being taught to them and their general attitude towards English as a language. Students from various departments were interviewed with open-ended questions by the teacher to get in-depth qualitative answers, as well as with a questionnaire of close-ended questions for some quantitative analysis too. The answers of the students were categorized according to research questions, and they were analyzed to find the most common answers and to get the gist of students' feedback and revise our course content and policy of English as a compulsory subject in undergraduate programs accordingly. The analysis of their answers showed that the majority of the students wanted to learn the English language but they found the course content and teaching methodologies, including classroom instructions, a bit boring. Most of the students expected grammar and spoken skills to be taught. Very few students were of the view that ESP courses with subject-specific English should be taught to them. The findings of this research are limited to students of Minhaj University Lahore.
International Cooperation Mechanism for Punishing Piracy between Pakistan and China
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Farooq , Gul Rizwana , Khan Abdus Samad
Published: February 2023

The goal of this study is to examine the effective international system between Pakistan and China for the elimination of piracy. From the standpoint of general international law, this study investigates these processes concerning the crimes of robbery and piracy at the ocean. This study examines the relevance of the procedures placed on the continental strategy, with a focus on the form of such offenses. From the standpoint of global public international law, this study investigates such processes concerning the crimes of robbery and piracy at the ocean. This study demonstrates the relevance of the processes placed on the continental strategy, with special emphasis on the form of such crimes. Countries have evolved to build systems of multilateral community to be executed in the disputed sea since marine criminal actions are increasingly perpetrated beyond boundaries. It concludes that given the aforementioned legislative framework, nations are free to achieve diverse goals like ensuring navigational safety, preserving stability, or defending economic growth. Nevertheless, this does not substantially change the character of the zonal method. However, establishing a conversation platform among coastlines and user states improves marine control of maritime borders.
Responsibility of Sexual Violence Under International Law
Authors: Khan Abdus Samad , Bibi Anjum , Khan Asif , Ahmad Ishaq
Published: February 2023

The extent and nature of sexual violence throughout the war vary. Sexual violence is pervasive in some conflicts, such as ethnic conflicts, but it is relatively rare in other conflicts. Sexual slavery is one form of sexual violence in inevitable conflicts, while detention torture is another. The ICTY has carried out in-depth prosecutions and investigations of cases of sexual violence committed during times of war, leading to the filing of several indictments for crimes perpetrated in Bosnia - Herzegovina as early as 1995. By enabling the litigation of sexual violence as a war crime, crime against humanity, and genocide, the ICTY has advanced international criminal equity in sex crimes. This article attempts to provide readers with a clear understanding of two types of obligations: personal criminal culpability and state responsibility. The responsible for sexual violence presents a significant challenge to international law and misinterprets other laws, according to the conclusion. People are struggling with responsibility because, as the article pointed out, there are two different kinds of accountability in contemporary society: individual accountability and state accountability. The article's conclusions indicate that sexual violence is a personal responsibility.
A Study of Teachers' Approaches to Teaching at the University Level
Authors: Naz Farah Latif , Shad Elizebeth , Rehman Muhammad Faisal
Published: February 2023

University teachers' methods are essential for students learning. At this point, teachers can teach students how to think critically, which helps them solve problems that are important for a country's social and economic progress. Teachers help students get ready for their future jobs. They also show what to do. So, students must know how their teachers' methods help them. Teachers use complicated teaching tactics and intentions when teaching. The Approaches to Teaching Inventory is a reliable and valid survey tool used in this quantitative study to look at university professors in Punjab, Pakistan. One hundred twenty university teachers were chosen by cluster stratified random sampling. Based on this study, teachers use techniques like Conceptual Change-Student-Focused and Information Transmission-Teacher-Focused. Both public and private universities teach the same way. This study suggests that university teachers should get more training in teaching methods.
Incorporating Green Skills in Vocational Education & Training in Pakistan: The Educators’ Perspectives
Authors: Pirzada Gouhar , Naz Mariam , Jamil Muhammad
Published: February 2023

Technical abilities, knowledge, moral principles, and attitudes to support the environment, known as "green skills", are necessary for the workforce to create and support sustainable social, economic, and environmental results in business, industry, and the community. Vocational educators contribute to the creation of trained workers with green competencies. This study investigates how vocational educators feel about teaching learners green skills and the many green skills that may be used in classrooms. This study is a qualitative inquiry that collects data by conducting a capacity-building session at STEP Institute of Art, Design and Management about greening skills from 40 participants. The respondents believe that although the institute may provide basic knowledge of green skills, skilled instructors are needed to apply these abilities in practical situations. Additionally, these abilities may be incorporated into various disciplines to give students a comprehensive understanding of sustainability. The respondents also mention recycling and material management as skills that might be used in vocational training institutes to reduce water and energy usage. Although implementing these green skills in the classroom is a significant challenge for instructors, students will be inspired to dedicate themselves to the cause of the environment. Therefore, all parties involved must work together to develop greening skills so that the general public and vocational institutes fully know the value of protecting the environment.
A Shariah Perspective Study on the Concept of Halal Food
Authors: Riaz Shehla , Ghayyas Muhammad
Published: February 2023

Islam is not a religion of worship only but claims a complete code of life which provides guidance regarding all spheres of life to its believers. Food is one of the most important necessities that is needed for the existence of the human body. Therefore, Islam provides complete and clear concepts regarding lawful and unlawful things for human life. The concept of Ḥalal food given by Islam is getting more importance worldwide with regard to its recognition as pure, hygienic, healthy and of standard quality. Keeping in view the importance of Ḥalal food for Muslims, the current study intends to highlight the Islamic concept of Ḥalal food with reference to Qurʼān and Sunnah. In this regard, several Questions are raised as to what is the Islamic concept of Ḥalal food. What are the benefits of Ḥalal food on humans? How can one determine the Ḥalal food in light of Sharīʻah? What is the role of the family in instilling the concept of Ḥalal food in early childhood? To answer these questions, a Qualitative research methodology is adopted. The study concludes that providing awareness to children at an early age is important, and the family plays a vital role in this regard. The study will be helpful for the parents and families in recognizing their duties to make their children aware of Ḥalal food at an early age.
Evaluation of hospital acquired infections in intensive care unit
Authors: Deniz Mustafa , Balcı Mehmet , Öztürk Beyhan , İmka Şafak Fatma
Published: February 2023

Aim: Hospital acquired infections are a serious problem in inpatients in terms of mortality and cost. The aim of this study is to present hospital acquired infections and risk factors, causative pathogens, antibiotic resistance status, and mortality relationship in a public hospital intensive care unit (ICU) over the scope of 5-years.Methods: Hospital acquired infections developed between January 2016 and December 2020 in Bolu İzzet Baysal State Hospital Adult ICUs were investigated retrospectively. Samples taken from areas such as central venous catheter, deep tracheal aspirate, urinary catheter and wound area were studied. Hospital acquired infections was diagnosed based on Centers for Disease and Control (CDC) criteria.Results: A total of 3587 patients were admitted to the ICUs between January 2016 and December 2020, and 309 (8.6%) patients were diagnosed with hospital acquired infections. When considered as comorbidity, neurological disorders were the most common, while sepsis was the most common hospitalization diagnosis in patients with hospital infection. The most common hospital acquired infections was ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) with 38.8% (n=120) of the patients. Examining the culture isolate results, the most isolated agent as hospital acquired infections was Acinetobacter spp. (32.6%, n=101). Acinetobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. It was resistant to all antibiotics with 4.9%.Conclusion: Hospital acquired infections rates may vary in intensive care units due to reasons such as awareness, physical conditions, education of working personnel, etc. Knowing the risk factors well, early culture isolate monitoring in suspected cases and selecting the appropriate antibiotic are effective in patient treatment and may reduce mortality.
Deep brain stimulation in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Akünal Türel Canan , Arıcan Murat
Published: February 2023

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative and progressive neurological disorder characterized by tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Changes of disease in PD pathophysiology are observed in melanin-containing dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra. While neuronal loss and gliosis are observed in this region, the remaining neurons may contain cytoplasmic inclusions called Lewy bodies.
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), is the method of application with the highest patient satisfaction among device-assisted treatments in advanced PD. The DBS method is frequently preferred in cases where the disease progresses, drug treatment does not respond, and freezing and on-off dyskinesias begin. The most preferred method among these is subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS. DBS treatment improves not only motor symptoms but also non-motor symptoms.
The success of DBS is based on adequate response to levodopa, appropriate patient selection, successful neuroanatomical and radiological localization of the target area, and a team experienced in motion sickness.
Many studies are being conducted to understand the mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation, the effectiveness of which has been proven by various studies. The excitation and suppressive effects provided by the electrodes are processed with a complex neuronal network and clinical results are obtained. In this article, deep brain stimulation tricks, choosing appropriate patients, and mechanisms of action in Parkinson’s disease will be summarized.
Implementasi Supervisi Akademik Kepala Sekolah di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Nurin Nazzun Sholikha , Nurrasa Sidik , Sholekhah Maghfirotus , Rusilowati Ani
Published: February 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan kegiatan supervisi akademik Kepala sekolah SD N 01 Wisnu Kecamatan Watukumpul Kabupaten Pemalang. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menyusun fakta-fakta lapangan menjadi proporsu dan prinsip-prinsip. Analisis data disusun secara sistematis dan informatif untuk mencapai kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan kegiatan supervisi akademik sekolah dasar dapat meningkatkan kinerja guru. Pelaksanaan supervisi dilaksanakan dua kali dalam setahun yaitu pada akhir setiap semester. Pelaksanaan supervisi kepala sekolah  dimulai dengan supervisi administrasi dan dilanjutkan dengan supervisi pembelajaran yang nantinya akan diamati oleh kepala sekolah untuk dievaluasi. Tindak lanjut dari pelaksanaan kegiatan supervisi meliputi: (1) diadakannya bimbingan teknis atau bimtek; (2) diadakannya pendidikan dan pelatihan atau diklat; (3) diadakannya workshop untuk meningkatkan profesionalisme guru; dan (4) diadakannya Kelompok Kerja Guru atau KKG untuk membahas permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh guru. Berdasarkan hasil supervisi, kemampuan guru SD N 01 Wisnu sudah sesuai dengan pedoman mengajar yang ditetapkan.
Pengaruh Supervisi Kepala Sekolah dan Motivasi Kerja Guru Terhadap Mutu Pembelajaran SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Pekalongan
Authors: Suroso Cipto , Abdullah Ghufron , Wuryandini Endang
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui pengaruh supervisi kepala sekolah terhadap mutu pembelajaran SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Pekalongan; (2) mengetahui pengaruh motivasi kerja guru terhadap mutu pembelajaran SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Pekalongan; (3) mengetahui pengaruh supervisi kepala sekolah dan motivasi kerja guru secara bersama-sama terhadap mutu pembelajaran SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Pekalongan.Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh guru SMP Negeri di Korwil 02 Kabupaten Pekalongan yang berjumlah 328 orang, sampel sebanyak 180 guru yang ditetapkan dengan teknik proportional random sampling. Analisa data yang digunakan adalah analisis diskriptif, uji prasyarat, analisis regresi tunggal dan analisis regresi ganda yang dihitung menggunakan program SPSS for Windows versi 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) ada pengaruh signifikan supervise kepala sekolah terhadap mutu pembelajaran sebesar 36,7%. Hasil uji hipotesis terdapat pengaruh positif antara supervise kepala sekolah terhadap mutu pembelajaran yang dinyatakan dengan persamaan Y=65,051-0,852X1. (2) ada pengaruh signifikan motivasi kerja guru terhadap mutu pembelajaran sebesar 45,9%. Hasil uji hipotesis terdapat pengaruh positif antara motivasi kerja guru terhadap kinerja guru yang dinyatakan dengan persamaan Y=54,666-0,850X2. (3) ada pengaruh signifikan supervise kepala sekolah dan motivasi kerja guru secara bersama-sama terhadap mutu pembelajaran SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Pekalongan sebesar 50,3% dengan persamaan regresi Y=36,522+0,617X1+0,394X2.
Kedudukan Anak Luar Nikah terhadap Hak Waris Tanah Ditinjau dari Hukum Perdata
Authors: Listyowati Maria Yosepin Endah , Fauzi Ferry , Rahayu Teguh
Published: February 2023

Kedudukan anak di luar nikah terhadap hak waris tanah yang ditinjau dari KUHPerdata dalam penulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normative. Sehingga disimpulkan bahwa anak yang lahir di luar suatu ikatan perkawinan yang sah merupakan anak luar kawin dan apabila tidak ada pengakuan dari bapak ataupun ibunya maka anak yang dilahirkan diluar ikatan perkawinan yang sah berdasarkan ketentuan KUHPerdata  tidak memiliki hubungan hukum dengan orang tuanya namun apabila anak luar kawin tersebut diakui yang  diikuti dengan pengesahan anak dari orang tuanya, maka anak dapat mewarisi harta peninggalan orang tua yang mengakuinya, dengan ketentuan pembagian warisan berdasarkan undang-undang. Berdasarkan Pasal 43 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Perkawinan Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 menyatakan bahwa “Anak luar perkawinan hanya mempunyai hubungan perdata dengan ibunya dan keluarga ibunya”. Kedudukan anak luar kawin terhadap hak waris orang tua yang mengakuinya secara sah pada dasarnya sama dengan anak sah. Sebagai ahli waris anak luar kawin mempunyai hak yang sama dengan anak yang lahir dalam perkawinan yang sah. KUHPerdata mengatur mengenai pembagian golongan-golongan ahli waris.
Motivasi Intrinsik Mahasiswa Bimbingan Penyuluhan Islam UIN Sumatera Utara dalam Mendalami Karakteristik Konselor
Authors: Nabila Nabila , Adela Nurul , Arbiyana Tata , Sahputra Dika , Saragi Muhammad Putra Dinata
Published: February 2023

Motivasi adalah suatu dorongan yang timbul dalam diri seseorang untuk melakukan suatu tindakan dengan tujuan tertentu. Sedangkan secara intrinsik dapat dikatakan bahwa motif aktif yang fungsinya tidak perlu dirangsang dari luar, karena di dalam diri setiap individu terdapat dorongan untuk melakukan sesuatu. Untuk itu, berikut ini kami bahas tentang motivasi yang mendorong mahasiswa bimbingan dan konseling Islam untuk mendalami karakteristik konselor. Sebab, pelaksanaan konseling akan efektif jika dipengaruhi oleh bagaimana karakteristik konseli dan konselor sehingga proses konseling berjalan dengan baik.
An Analysis of Teacher’s Strategies of Teaching Speaking in Junior High School
Authors: Kurniawati Kadek Lina
Published: February 2023

Speaking plays an important role in communication. This study is aimed at analysing teacher’s strategies in teaching speaking skill at SMP Negeri 2 Melaya. This study is conducted to show the types of teaching strategies in teaching speaking, the problems and solutions were faced by the teacher in learning process. This study is a qualitative study. The subject of the study is the teacher at SMP Negeri 2 Melaya. Interview was used in this study to collect the data. The technique of data analysis was interactive model analysis that is adopted from Yin, those are: compiling, disassembling, reassembling, interpreting, and concluding. The result showed that question and answer strategy was the only technique used by the teacher in teaching speaking. Its became the appropriate strategy due to the number of students in the classroom and the limited time in English learning. The problem faced by teacher in teaching speaking was a huge number of students in a class made him hard to control their speaking ability. Then, as a foreign language in Indonesia English becomes hard to learn by the EFL learner due to the lack of vocabulary. The solution of the problems is giving more English practice to the English learners and create students in group discussion.
Kajian Dampak Sertifikasi Guru dan Pengajaran Berbasis Teknologi Informasi terhadap Kompetensi Guru: Literatur Review
Authors: Iskandar Didik , Anriani Nurul
Published: February 2023

Pemerintah telah membuat program sertifikasi bagi guru dan dosen. Sertifikasi guru merupakan salah satu cara dalam dunia pendidikan untuk meningkatkan kualitas, kompetensi dan profesionalitas guru. Pemerintah juga telah Investasi dalam teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) untuk meningkatkan pengajaran dan pembelajaran di sekolah. Kajian literatur ini untuk mengulas keberhasilan serifikasi, dan pembelajaran berbasis TIK dalam meningkatkan kompetensi guru. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam paper ini adalah literatur review yang berfungsi sebagai dasar untuk membahas hasil penelitian tentang sertifikasi dan pengajaran berbasis teknologi informasi terhadap kompetensi guru. Pencarian bahan kajian dari google schoolar dan beberapa data base lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program sertifikasi dan penguasaan TIK oleh guru mampu meningkatkan kompetensinya.
Implementasi Model Center for the Study of Evaluation-University of California in Los Angeles (CSE-UCLA) dalam Penilaian Kinerja Guru
Authors: Lubis Nada Shofa , Anriani Nurul
Published: February 2023

Kinerja guru merupakan elemen penting dalam pendidikan karena penentu tinggi rendahnya kualitas pendidikan. Penilaian kinerja guru perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui sejauhmana hasil kerja guru dalam dunia Pendidikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis penilaian kinerja guru dengan menggunakan model Center for the Study of Evaluation-University of California in Los Angeles (CSE-UCLA). The approach used in this research is the qualitative approach, the method used is descriptive-qualitative with research design based on CSE-UCLA evaluation model. This evaluation study used interview techniques, questionnaires, and documentation for the benefit of data collection. Meanwhile, the research informant is a board member of the Islamic Village Foundation as the program owner, the head of the foundation and the principal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model penilaian kinerja guru dengan CSE-UCLA memudahkan dalam menilai kinerja guru.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Detection of Perianal Fistula keeping Surgical Findings as Gold Standard
Authors: Ali Haider , Azmat Uzma , Kumar Manoj , Abid Khadijah
Published: February 2023

An abnormal connection between the rectum or canal and the anal skin is called as a perianal fistula (PAF). MRI is considered as a gold standard for the imaging of PAF because of its operator dependence, non-invasive nature, excellent soft tissue contrast, superior field of view and multiplanar capabilities. Objective: To assess the validity of magnetic resonance imaging in detecting perianal fistulas while using surgical findings as the gold standard. Methods: From 1 January 2021 to 30 January 2022, a cross-validation research was carried out in the radiology department at Memon Medical Institute Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. The research comprised 153 individuals with PAF ranging in age from 18 to 70 years and of either gender. A 1.5 T MR scanner was used to obtain the MRI. All techniques used a phased-array coil for image capture in all circumstances. The imaging volume encompassed the distal rectum, anal canal, and subcutaneous tissues. Fat saturation pictures were taken in the oblique, axial, and coronal planes. A radiologist examined images, and pertinent patient data were noted on a pre-drafted proforma. Histopathological and post-surgical results were acquired and documented. Results: The validity of MRI for the diagnosis of PAF was 82.4% by taking surgical findings as gold standard. Conclusion: For the assessment of PAF and the detection of abscesses, MRI is a beneficial and reliable preoperative examination
The Emergence of the Short Story Cycle in Canada: Alice Munro's Short Story Cycles as a Case Study
Authors: Ines Belkahla
Published: February 2023

Alice Munro’s Lives of Girls and Women and The Beggar Maid: Stories of Flo and Rose are two literaryworks that hardly fit into one single literary category. Critics of all quarters are at one and of the same mind as to the slippery and elusive nature of Alice’s art. However, despite being approached by some critics as a collection of short stories, Alice’s narrative seems to embody a sub-genre that is particular of the Canadian literary tradition, which is the short story cycle. Also known as the composite or episodic novel, the story collection or the linked stories, this genre could be briefly defined as a sequence of short stories that are linked through a unifying element, like a character, the setting or the story. Characterized, as it is, with its fragmentary nature and its openness, this genre compels its researcher to look into its origins and its implications at the level of content. Few studies have been carried on this genre to provide the necessary grounds for an elaborate research on it. Forrest L. Ingram’s work Representative Short Story Cycles of the Twentieth Century is the first academic work that provides a consistent definition for the short story cycle as a genre. On the other hand, Gerald Lynch’s The One and the Many: English-Canadian Short Story Cycles examines the sine qua non tension between the parts and the whole of the versatile form of the short story cycle in Canada. With reference to Alice Munro’s Lives of Girls and Women and The Beggar Maid as two representatives of the short story cycle, I attempt to examine the inscription of this sub-genre, and map its evolutionover the last centuries in Canadian literature.Keywords: Short story cycle, genre studies, Canadian literature
Aquiles, la tortuga y los modelos tácitos
Authors: Díaz-Chang Tamara , Arredondo Elizabeth-H.
Published: February 2023

En este artículo se estudian ciertos tipos de modelos mentales que utilizan los estudiantes para representar de manera simplificada nociones originales, con el objetivo de propiciar y estimular el proceso de comprensión, a través del análisis de las respuestas de un grupo de estudiantes de la Universidad Austral de Chile, a un cuestionario inspirado en la famosa paradoja de Aquiles y la tortuga. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la tendencia natural de los estudiantes a pensar en términos de estos patrones de razonamiento simplificados, que luego se vuelven implícitos, tácitos o inconscientes, controlando sus razonamientos de manera automática, conduciendo a una comprensión errónea del infinito matemático. En particular, se identifican seis de estos modelos, sobre los cuales los estudiantes deben tomar conciencia para lograr una comprensión adecuada de este concepto matemático. Se argumenta que este tipo de estudios nos permite poner atención y reflexionar sobre la inconsistencia de nuestros propios mecanismos de razonamiento e intuiciones en relación con éste y otros conceptos matemáticos, al mismo tiempo que nos permite validar estas inconsistencias, al comprender su epistemología, basada en parte en nuestras limitaciones motosensoriales, determinadas por las características de nuestros cerebros.
Correlating Parenting Style With Their Children’s Behavior, Dental Anxiety and Dental Caries During the First Dental Visit
Authors:   Future University in Egypt, Khattab Esraa , ElDokky Norhan , ElGawad Randa
Published: February 2023

Aim: Correlating parenting style with their children’s behavior, dental anxiety and dental caries during the first dental visit. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted. Self-administered structured questionnaire (PSDQ) contains 32 statements regarding different parent reactions to child behavior, and participants rated responses to each item using a five-point likert scale from “never” to “always” (coded 1 to 5).The target population consisted of 105 children with their parents in Faculty of Dentistry, Future University aged 3-6 years old. The highest mean score placed the parent in the proper parenting category. The child behavior was assessed using the Frankl scale and caries status was assessed using the dental caries (dmf) index. Results: At the first dental visit, the highest dmf scores were found with the permissive parenting (4.08 ± 1.61) followed by the authoritarian (3.94 ± 1.20) while the lowest scores were found with the authoritative style (2.26 ± 1.31) which mean that was a significant difference in the values of dmf scores for different parenting styles in first dental visit Conclusion: Children’s born in authoritative parenting home showed less caries and more positive behavior against dental treatment during first dental visit.
Article: Data Protection Impact Assessment for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Operations in Kenya: Past, Present and Future Perspectives
Authors: Otieno Nelson , Wanyonyi Rodgers Manana
Published: February 2023

Data Protection is concerned with the processing of personal information of individuals within a regulated sphere, taking into account protected rights. It principally underscores that the operations of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) should be in an environment that appreciates the established canons of data protection. UAS operations pose a potential threat to an individual’s privacy, the human right that anchors the protection of personal data. This article examines what the present and future hold for data protection impact assessment (DPIA) in regulation of UAS. The article discusses the impact that the history of UAS Regulation has had on the regulation on data protection challenges. It then proceeds to highlight how the data protection agenda took a significant place in the UAS regulation in other areas and in Kenya. Towards this end, an assessment of the legal development is made. Even then, it does appear that, despite this milestone in UAS technology and law, regulators still have to contend with many issues on how to approach the sacrosanct element of privacy in UAS operations. Against this backdrop, this article sees into the future and suggests how the emerging practice and policy on DPIA as a risk-based strategy can be harnessed and streamlined to minimize the exposure related to processing of personal data by the UAS operators or in the course of UAS operations. Among many others, this article finds that UAS operators, who can be categorized as either data controllers or data processors, are, therefore, required to interrogate their mandate in ensuring that they are in full compliance with the law.

Data protection, UAS, DPIA, Kenya, Privacy, Law, Regulation, KCAA, Risk, DPIA, ODPC
Insider Trading in the Commonwealth Caribbean: An Examination of the Adequacy of the Current Companies Act Framework
Authors: Lopez Akeem
Published: February 2023

Financial markets, particularly stock markets, have long been accepted as a key source of wealth generation and preservation. The potential for astronomical financial gain has tempted more sophisticated investors to make numerous irrational, speculative and risky investment decisions. The most notable of which is engaging in insider trading. While insider trading is more prevalent in economically advanced markets such as in the United States, Canada, England and Asia, the need for stringent regulation is not lost on lawmakers in the Commonwealth Caribbean. This article therefore seeks to examine the adequacy of the provisions in the Companies Acts of various Caribbean territories in curbing insider trading by analysing said provisions and their possible interpretations by reference to decided cases.

stock market, investments, insider trading, Commonwealth Caribbean, stocks, equities, investors, Companies Act
Reconsidering the Reinsured’s Damages and Costs for Late Payment: A Comparative Analysis Between English and American Law
Authors: Li Luo
Published: February 2023

The reinsured (original insurer) would face liability by section 13A of the Insurance Act 2015 in the UK and incur the costs or expenses of investigating and defending against the insured’s valid claims, where the reinsured withholds or delays paying insurance proceeds to the insured. The reinsurer generally would not be held liable for the unreinsured contractual liability and costs unless special requirements are met. The critical points for the reinsured to recover the reimbursement of damages and expenses from the reinsurer are to confirm the reinsurer’s actual participation or intention in refusing to indemnify the original assured timeously or in defending against the insured’s valid claims by way of proving the reinsurer’s compulsion or identifying them as a joint enterprise. The follow-the-settlements clause cannot render the reinsurer liable for the unreinsured liability. It is more reasonable that the policy limits only restrict the sums reinsured but do not cap the unreinsured damages and costs.

Reinsurance, contractual liability, late payment, joint enterprise, policy limits
Article: Statistical Picture of the European Court of Human Rights’ Tax-Related Cases Containing Separate Opinions
Authors: Kowalski Patryk
Published: February 2023

The aim of the study was to select tax-related cases from the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) case law in the years 1959 – 2020 and analyse all such cases using empirical legal studies method, focusing mostly on separate opinions. This analysis led to the selection of research material covering 176 tax-related cases (179 judgments, sixty-nine separate opinions). The most important research findings include, e.g., small number of ECtHR judgments in tax matters, low frequency at which they are issued, the fact that judges submit separate opinion more frequently in a situation when a judgment finding no violation is delivered rather than when a judgment finding violation is delivered. Moreover, the article contains an extensive review of the literature with regard to the undertaken subject.

separate opinion, dissenting opinion, concurring opinion, tax-related cases, empirical legal studies
The Tragic Choices During the Global Health Emergency: Comparative Economic Law Reflections
Authors: de Gioia-Carabellese Pierre , Della Giustina Camilla
Published: February 2023

The health emergency sparked off by the spread of the pathogen COVID-19, has led, especially during its first phase, to a situation of scarcity of resources. The problem, in other words, consisted of a disproportion between the demand from individuals who needed to receive emergency care and a situation of limited resources, including health personnel, beds and necessary machinery. Therefore, the multifarious scientific societies have drawn up guidance documents to define access criteria on the basis of the ethical principles developed by Beauchamp and Childress. In light of such a background, the analysis focuses on the legal analysis of the first recommendations adopted in Italy (recommendations and guidelines elaborated first by Italian Society of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI) and then amended by SIAARTI Società Italiana Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni (SIMLA)). In this scenario, critical issues are identified and later analysed, also in the light of what was decided by the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences (ASSM), as well as the British counterpart, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Ultimately, bio-law is at the mercy of a less reputed, yet more strategic, factor: bio-law-and-economics.

Covid-19, health resources management, Italian law, UK legislation, a comparison
Article: The DEBRA Directive and Its Interplay With Pillar 2
Authors: Bettens Dieter
Published: February 2023

The Debt-Equity Bias Reduction Allowance (DEBRA) directive seeks to reduce the distortionary bias towards debt on the part of companies seeking investment. Two measures are introduced to achieve this, i.e., the deduction of a deemed interest expense on capital (DEBRA) and the further restriction of the deductibility of actual interest expense. The former seeks to promote the attractiveness of equity investments while the latter endeavours to reduce the attractiveness of debt investments. While these measures initially appear to be appropriate, another legislative initiative known as the Pillar 2 directive might undermine its effectiveness. Indeed, this directive attempts to impose a minimum tax rate of 15% on large entities’ profits wherever they operate. While uncommon, the DEBRA might reduce the effective tax rate (ETR) below 15% thereby effectuating the minimum tax. The limited deductibility of interest expense might do the opposite and increase the ETR above 15% thereby preventing such minimum tax. Thus, where the DEBRA directive provides a benefit, the Pillar 2 directive might eliminate it and, where the DEBRA directive introduces a disadvantage, the Pillar 2 directive may neutralize it.

DEBRA, Pillar 2, minimum taxation, debt-equity bias, EU, debt-equity bias reduction allowance, tax incentives, Capital Markets Union, limitation on interest deductibility, ATAD.
Application of Obligatory Prayer Learning Based on Augmented Reality
Authors: Tias Rahmawati Febriyaning , Hidayat M. Mahaputra , Prasetyo Eko , Widagda Ari Tria , Suryaningrum Anis
Published: February 2023

Prayer is a physical, mental, and spiritual activity that gives good meaning to relationships with Allah, fellow human beings, and oneself. Prayer begins with ablution first to remove najis and hadats. Religion is a rule, guideline, teaching, or system that governs beliefs, beliefs, or beliefs. Islam was revealed by Allah SWT. In Islam, expressing gratitude for every Muslim to the Creator is by praying. Moreover, at this time, the current guidance book on prayer procedures is still running in the delivery of information in the form of text and 2D images. This way is not valuable because it is not mobile style, while currently, human mobility is higher. In this study, we are designing and building a learning application of obligatory prayer based on augmented reality to run on Android-based smartphones and can be studied anywhere and anytime without being limited by space and time. This application contains procedures for ablution and movements of people praying in the form of 3D animation and audio.
The Sharpe Ratio is a Terrible Statistic to Use to Optimize Trading Strategies
Authors: Giller Graham
Published: February 2023

All the theory associated with the Sharpe Ratio is based upon ex ante estimates of return and risk, but the overwhelming majority of its use is as an ex post measure of performance: that is, as a statistic.
CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF CONSONANT BETWEEN ENGLISH AND BATAK TOBA LANGUAGE IN CONVERSATION
Authors: Simbolon Putri Amelia , Hutahaean Grace Saurma , Sitanggang Anita
Published: February 2023

Language is an indispensable communication tool. Language also a means of self-expression, a means of social adaptation in certain environments and situations. Even so, the language is very indistinct, unclear and confusing. This study will compare the consonant between English and Batak Toba language in the conversation about “Education”. This research focused to compare ten consonant in English and Batak Toba Language in conversation. A descrptive qualitative research is used in this research. The technique of analyzing data is by compare ten consonants between English and Batak Toba language in conversation “Education”. The conversation consisting of ten consonants shows the differences between English and Batak Toba Language.
Characteristics of Star Fruit Extract (Averrhoa Bilimbi Linn) at Ethanol Solvent Treatment and Extraction Temperature
Authors: Sitompul Yemima Maria Lasma Roha , Wartini Ni Made , Sugita I Made
Published: February 2023

Background: Starfruit is a type of plant that contains a lot of acids. In addition to containing acids, star fruit also contains bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins that have the potential to inhibit bacterial activity.

 

Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol solvent concentration and extraction temperature on the characteristics of star fruit extract, to determine the ethanol solvent concentration and the best extraction temperature to produce star fruit extract.

 

Method: The experiment conducted was a factorial experiment with two factors designed using a Randomized Design Group (RAK). The factor I is the concentration of ethanol solvents which consists of two types, namely 96% ethanol and 70% ethanol. Factor II is the extraction temperature consisting of 3 types, namely 30oC, 40oC, and 50oC. The data were analyzed using variance analysis and further tested with Honest Real Differences.

 

Results: The results showed that ethanol solvent concentration and extraction temperature and their interactions affected the amendment, total flavonoids, total tannins, and total acids. The highest yield, total flavonoids, tannins and acids were shown at the treatment with an ethanol concentration of 96% and an extraction temperature of 30°C.

 

Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that the treatment with an ethanol solvent concentration of 96% and an extraction temperature of 30 °C is the best treatment to obtain star fruit extract with yield characteristics of 71%, total flavonoids of 7.10%, tannins total 0.914 mg QE /g, and total acid 34.24%.
Philosophy Can Be The Genuine Source Of Literature But Not Superior To Literature: A Study
Authors: Jal Haider Ali
Published: February 2023

After reading Sir Philip Sidney’s “ An Apology For Poetry” , I must say philosophy can be the format of writing literature but not superior to literature. In other words philosophy is theory , literature is practical. After World War –II , many great philosophers emerged with the high philosophical approach like Existentialism, Absurdist ,Surrealism etc. But all these thoughts got more vitality in the form of literature.
Wet Vifo tegen de achtergrond van de Europese regelgeving
Authors: Oosterhuis G. , Korneeva-Offerman O.
Published: February 2023

Wet Vifo tegen de achtergrond van de Europese regelgeving

In de eerste helft van 2023 treedt de Wet Veiligheidstoets investeringen, fusies en overnames (Wet Vifo) in werking die voorafgaande toetsing van buitenlandse investeringen die de nationale veiligheid in gevaar kunnen brengen in Nederland introduceert. In dit artikel worden de belangrijkste bepalingen van de Wet Vifo besproken waaronder de meldingsdrempels, de toets, bevoegde instantie, procedure en remedies. Daarnaast wordt de Wet Vifo tegen het licht van de FDI-verordening bezien.

Wet veiligheidstoets investeringen, fusies en overnames (Stb. 2022, 215) en Verordening (EU) 2019/452 van 19 maart 2019 tot vaststelling van een kader voor de screening van buitenlandse directe investeringen in de Unie (FDI-verordening) (PbEU 2019, L 79 I/1)
Zelfkritisch op boetebesluiten
Authors: Mein A.G.
Published: February 2023

Zelfkritisch op boetebesluiten

De bestuursrechter krijgt steeds meer ruimte om besluiten van het bestuur kritisch te toetsen in het licht van het evenredigheidsbeginsel. Auteur probeert deze ontwikkeling te duiden en gaat na wat dit zou kunnen betekenen voor de toetsing van boetebesluiten van financieel toezichthouders.
Nacionalidad por inversión en la Unión Europea
Authors: Navarro Martínez Daniel
Published: February 2023

Durante los últimos años, la Unión Europea se ha pronunciado en contra de los programas de nacionalidad por inversión o “pasaportes dorados”, los cuales han sido utilizados por algunos Estados miembros para atraer capital extranjero. No obstante, la eliminación de estos programas presenta un verdadero reto para las instituciones europeas, puesto que los Estados tienen competencia exclusiva en materia de regulación de la nacionalidad. A lo largo del artículo, analizaremos la compatibilidad de los pasaportes dorados con el derecho europeo e internacional, haciendo especial referencia al programa de Bulgaria.