bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Augmented Reality for Human–Robot Collaboration
Authors: Chang Christine T. , Hayes Bradley
Published: August 2024

For nearly three decades, researchers have explored the use of augmented reality for facilitating collaboration between humans and robots. In this survey paper, we review the prominent, relevant literature published since 2008, the last date that a similar review article was published. We begin with a look at the various forms of the augmented reality (AR) technology itself, as utilized for human–robot collaboration (HRC). We then highlight specific application areas of AR for HRC, as well as the main technological contributions of the literature. Next, we present commonly used methods of evaluation with suggestions for implementation. We end with a look towards future research directions for this burgeoning field. This review serves as a primer and comprehensive reference for those whose work involves the combination of augmented reality with any kind of human–robot collaboration.
Tripartite Evolutionary Game Analysis of Product Quality Supervision in Live-Streaming E-Commerce
Authors: Song Yang , Kong Yijun
Published: August 2024

With the rapid development of information technology, live-streaming e-commerce has risen rapidly as a new business model. However, product quality problems that exist in the development of live-streaming e-commerce continue to emerge. The influence of strategic interactions between social media influencers, live-streaming e-commerce platforms, and consumers on product quality deserves to be studied. Therefore, this paper constructs a tripartite game model of “social media influencers–the live-streaming e-commerce platform–consumers” and analyzes the dynamic evolution process of the strategy selection among subjects and influencing factors by using evolutionary game theory. This study shows that products with high functional value are more likely to stimulate consumer rights protection behavior, prompting social media influencers to shift from lax to strict quality control. But when the emotional value is high, consumers are more inclined to give up on defending their rights, which leads to the maintenance of lax quality control, and the platform supervision will be weakened accordingly. Moreover, less quality differences motivate social media influencers to choose lax quality control. An increase in quality differences will promote a shift from an equilibrium strategy to strict quality control. However, if the penalty of the platforms is not strong enough, this strategic shift will not happen. In addition, a high percentage of platform commissions can encourage influencers to implement strict quality control, while platforms can maintain weak supervision. This study’s findings provide valuable guidance for understanding and managing product quality issues in live-streaming e-commerce. In the future, the government will be considered a new player in the game in studying the impact of its policies on product quality in live-streaming e-commerce.
Assessing Mutual Fund Performance in China: A Sector Weight-Based Approach
Authors: Sheng Dachen , Montgomery Heather A.
Published: August 2024

In many financial markets across the globe, full historical position disclosure is not required of mutual funds, or it is subject to prolonged delays, often due to regulatory restrictions. This makes measuring fund manager performance based upon the stock-picking and market-timing skills from past literatures impossible. This study introduces a new methodology utilizing sector weight analysis to estimate the stock-picking and market timing skills of 198 Chinese equity mutual fund managers. Within-sample predictions confirm that the new measures are robust and reliably identify fund managers who outperform their peers, suggesting that this method may be useful in other institutional settings where the full historical position of funds is unavailable. Fund managers with lower stock picking or market timing skills are more likely to improve their skills in the following period, which suggests that manager skills develop and change over time. Finally, our analysis reveals that fund managers with higher stock picking skills are significantly less likely to be replaced, thereby enjoying greater job security.
Parameterized Finite Binomial Sums
Authors: Batır Necdet , Choi Junesang
Published: August 2024

We offer intriguing new insights into parameterized finite binomial sums, revealing elegant identities such as ∑k=0,k≠nm+n(−1)kn−km+nk=(−1)nm+nn(Hm−Hn), where n,m are non-negative integers and Hn is the harmonic number. These formulas beautifully capture the intricate relationship between harmonic numbers and binomial coefficients, providing a fresh and captivating perspective on combinatorial sums.
Identification of Schizophrenia Susceptibility Loci in the Urban Taiwanese Population
Authors: Huang Chih-Chung , Wang Yi-Guang , Hsu Chun-Lun , Yeh Ta-Chuan , Chang Wei-Chou , Singh Ajeet B. , Yeh Chin-Bin , Hung Yi-Jen , Hung Kuo-Sheng , Chang Hsin-An
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives: Genomic studies have identified several SNP loci associated with schizophrenia in East Asian populations. Environmental factors, particularly urbanization, play a significant role in schizophrenia development. This study aimed to identify schizophrenia susceptibility loci and characterize their biological functions and molecular pathways in Taiwanese urban Han individuals. Materials and Methods: Participants with schizophrenia were recruited from the Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative at Tri-Service General Hospital. Genotype–phenotype association analysis was performed, with significant variants annotated and analyzed for functional relevance. Results: A total of 137 schizophrenia patients and 26,129 controls were enrolled. Ten significant variants (p < 1 × 10−5) and 15 expressed genes were identified, including rs1010840 (SOWAHC and RGPD6), rs11083963 (TRPM4), rs11619878 (LINC00355 and LINC01052), rs117010638 (AGBL1 and MIR548AP), rs1170702 (LINC01680 and LINC01720), rs12028521 (KAZN and PRDM2), rs12859097 (DMD), rs1556812 (ATP11A), rs78144262 (LINC00977), and rs9997349 (ENPEP). These variants and associated genes are involved in immune response, blood pressure regulation, muscle function, and the cytoskeleton. Conclusions: Identified variants and associated genes suggest a potential genetic predisposition to schizophrenia in the Taiwanese urban Han population, highlighting the importance of potential comorbidities, considering population-specific genetic and environmental interactions.
The Effect of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Changes on the Survival of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Patients (1980–2019)
Authors: Illés Árpád , Dobó Boglárka , Borics Fanni , Tóthfalusi Dávid , Pinczés László Imre , Miltényi Zsófia
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives: The overall- and progression-free survival rates of Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients have improved. Our goal was to examine the changes in our treatment results and their causes depending on the daily diagnostic and therapeutic practice. Materials and Methods: We analysed data of 776 classical Hodgkin lymphoma patients treated between 1980 and 2019. Patient data were investigated in ten-year periods (first period: 1980–1989, second period: 1990–1999, third period: 2000–2009, and fourth period: 2010–2019). Results: Radiotherapy alone as a first-line treatment was used progressively less often, and in the 4th period it was no longer used before or without chemotherapy. The use of combined chemo- and radiotherapy decreased in the last period, and the number of those patients who received only chemotherapy increased significantly. The 10-year overall survival improved significantly from 1990 to 1999 compared to 2010 to 2019 (74.9% vs. 86.9%). About 30% of patients relapsed after or were refractory to first-line therapy in each period. The incidence of relapse in the last period did not increase after two years, but there was no significant difference between the periods. Conclusions: Overall survival rates of HL patients have improved significantly in recent decades, which is due to improved diagnostic methods and modern therapies. Progression-free survival is unchanged; one-third of patients relapse or are refractory to first-line treatment within the first two years. Early recognition of R/R patients, the early application of newer and already available innovative therapies, and the finding of additional new and effective therapies are of particular importance.
Retrospective Study of Factors Affecting the Accuracy of Predicting Vancomycin Concentrations in Patients Aged 75 Years and Above
Authors: Takigawa Masaki , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Kinoshita Masako , Ishii Toshihiro , Masuda Masayuki
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives: The predicted serum concentrations of vancomycin are determined using population pharmacokinetic parameters. However, the accuracy of predicting vancomycin serum concentrations in the older population remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the accuracy of predicting vancomycin serum concentrations and identifying elements that diminish the prediction accuracy in older people. Materials and Methods: A total of 144 patients aged 75 years or older were included. The serum vancomycin concentrations in the patients were predicted based on population pharmacokinetic parameters common in Japan. We examined the accuracy of serum vancomycin concentration prediction in elderly individuals by comparing the predicted and measured serum vancomycin concentrations in each patient. The prediction accuracy was evaluated using the mean prediction error (ME) and mean absolute error of prediction (MAE) calculated from the measured and predicted serum vancomycin concentrations in each patient. Results: The ME for all patients was 0.27, and the 95% CI included 0, indicating that the predicted values were not significantly biased compared to the measured values. However, the predicted serum concentrations in the <50 kg body weight and serum creatinine (Scr) < 0.6 mg/dL groups were significantly biased compared to the measured values. The group with a history of intensive care unit (ICU) admission showed the largest values for the ME and MAE. Conclusions: Our prediction accuracy was satisfactory but tended to be lower in underweight patients, those with low creatinine levels, and patients admitted to the ICU. Patients with multiple of these factors may experience a greater degree of decreased predictive accuracy.
Metformin in Chemoprevention of Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study in Lithuania
Authors: Jonusas Justinas , Patasius Ausvydas , Drevinskaite Mingaile , Ladukas Adomas , Linkeviciute-Ulinskiene Donata , Zabuliene Lina , Smailyte Giedre
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the potential chemopreventive effect of antidiabetic medications, specifically metformin and pioglitazone, on lung cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Additionally, the potential dose–response relationship for metformin use was analyzed. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing comprehensive national health insurance and cancer registry databases to gather a large cohort of T2DM patients. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the risk of lung cancer across different antidiabetic medication groups, adjusting for potential confounders such as age and gender. A dose–response analysis was conducted for metformin users. Results: Our results indicated that metformin users had a significantly lower lung cancer risk than the reference group (HR = 0.69, 95% CI [0.55–0.86], p = 0.001). The risk reduction increased with higher cumulative metformin doses: a metformin cumulative dose between 1,370,000 and 2,976,000 had an HR of 0.61 (95% CI [0.49–0.75], p < 0.001) vs. cumulative metformin dose >2,976,000 which had an HR of 0.35 (95% CI [0.21–0.59], p < 0.001). No significant association between pioglitazone use and the risk of lung cancer was found (HR = 1.00, 95% CI [0.25–4.02]). Conclusions: This study shows that metformin may have a dose-dependent chemopreventive effect against lung cancer in T2DM, while the impact of pioglitazone remains unclear and requires further investigation.
The Effect of Educational Intervention on Human Papillomavirus Knowledge among Male and Female College Students in Riyadh
Authors: Aldawood Esraa , Alzamil Lama , Dabbagh Deemah , Hafiz Taghreed A. , Alharbi Sarah , Alfhili Mohammad A.
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives: Persistent high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cancers in the cervix, vulva, vagina, anus, penis, and oropharynx. A lack of knowledge about HPV can lead to vaccine hesitancy, which is detrimental to combating HPV-related diseases. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an HPV educational intervention to enhance university students’ awareness of HPV. Materials and Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test study on male and female college students from the College of Applied Medical Science and the College of Nursing in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, at King Saud University. Data were collected from May 2023 to March 2024. The first section of the survey assessed sociodemographic factors, and the second section measured knowledge regarding HPV. Results: A total of 271 students completed the surveys, with 71 males (26.2%) and 200 females (73.8%) participating. Students aged 22 years or older had better HPV awareness. Gender significantly predicts HPV awareness, with female students being four times more likely to be aware of HPV compared to male students. After the educational intervention, significant improvements in HPV knowledge were observed in all items (p-values < 0.0001) and across all demographic groups. Misconceptions about HPV were corrected, and the overall knowledge score increased from 29.3% to 82.0%. Conclusions: Our results suggest that similar interventions could benefit other populations in the kingdom, potentially increasing vaccination rates.
The Effects of Aspirin Intervention on Inflammation-Associated Lingual Bacteria: A Pilot Study from a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Onyeaghala Guillaume C. , Sharma Shweta , Oyenuga Mosunmoluwa , Staley Christopher M. , Milne Ginger L. , Demmer Ryan T. , Shaukat Aasma , Thyagarajan Bharat , Straka Robert J. , Church Timothy R. , Prizment Anna E.
Published: August 2024

Several bacterial taxa enriched in inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer (CRC) are found in the oral cavity. We conducted a pilot study nested within a six-week aspirin intervention in a randomized placebo-controlled trial to test their response to aspirin intervention. Fifty healthy subjects, 50–75 years old, were randomized to receive 325 mg aspirin (n = 30) or placebo (n = 20) orally once daily for six weeks. Oral tongue swabs were collected at baseline and week six. We estimated the association between aspirin use and the temporal changes in the relative abundance of pre-specified genus level taxa from pre- to post-treatment. The temporal change in relative abundance differed for eight genus level taxa between the aspirin and placebo groups. In the aspirin group, there were significant increases in the relative abundances of Neisseria, Streptococcus, Actinomyces, and Rothia and significant decreases in Prevotella, Veillonella, Fusobacterium, and Porphyromonas relative to placebo. The log ratio of Neisseria to Fusobacterium declined more in the aspirin group than placebo, signaling a potential marker associated with aspirin intervention. These preliminary findings should be validated using metagenomic sequencing and may guide future studies on the role of aspirin on taxa in various oral ecological niches.
Source and U-Pb Chronology of Diagenetic Fluids in the Permian Maokou Formation Dolomite Reservoir, Eastern Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Li Shuangjian , Gao Jian , Yang Tianbo , Li Tianyi , Liu Tianjia , Hao Yunqing , He Zhiliang , Liu Entao
Published: August 2024

The hydrothermal dolomitization, facilitated by basement fault activities, had an important impact on the Permian Maokou Formation dolomite in the Sichuan Basin, which experienced complex diagenesis and presented strong reservoir heterogeneity. The source and age of diagenetic fluids in this succession remain controversial. In this study, various analyses were implemented on samples collected from outcrops and wells near the No. 15 fault in the eastern Sichuan Basin to reconstruct the multi-stage fluid activity and analyze the impact on reservoir development, including petrology, micro-domain isotopes, rare earth elements, homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions, and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb dating. The homogenization temperature of primary brine inclusions in fine-grained matrix dolomite and saddle dolomite is concentrated between 100 and 150 °C, which indicates that the impacts of abnormally high temperatures of other geological bodies. The δ13C and δ18O value and low 87Sr/86Sr value indicate that the diagenetic fluid of fine-grained matrix dolomite is mainly Permian seawater. The U-Pb ages of fine-grained matrix dolomite are ~260 Ma, which coincides with the age of the main magmatism of Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP), and hydrothermal fluid provided a favorable high-temperature environment in the penecontemporaneous stage. While highly radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr compositions suggests those of saddle dolomite, the high-temperature Sr-rich formation fluid. The U-Pb ages of saddle dolomite are 245–250 Ma, which coincides with the age of the 255~251 Ma magmatism of ELIP. This indicates that those should be the diagenetic products of the ELIP hydrothermal fluid in the shallow burial stage. The U-Pb age of coarse-grained calcite is 190–220 Ma, and it should be the diagenetic product of the deep burial stage. Brine inclusions associated with primary methane inclusions were developed in coarse-grained calcite, with a homogenization temperature range of 140.8–199.8 °C, which indicates that the formation fluid activities were related to hydrocarbon charging. The Permian Maokou Formation dolomite was firstly formed in the penecontemporaneous shallow burial stage, and then it was subjected to further hydrothermal dolomitization due to the basement faulting and the abnormally high heat flow during the active period of ELIP. Hydrothermal dolomitization contributed to the formation and maintenance of intercrystalline and dissolution pores, whereas it also formed saddle dolomite to fill the pores, and reduce the pore space. The influence of deep fluid activities on reservoir evolution is further distinguished.
Antidepressant Sertraline Synergistically Enhances Paclitaxel Efficacy by Inducing Autophagy in Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: He Leping , Tian Yuxi , Liu Qingqing , Bao Jiaolin , Ding Ren-Bo
Published: August 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. It is important to discover new therapeutic regimens for treating CRC. Depression is known to be an important complication of cancer diseases. Repurposing antidepressants into anticancer drugs and exploring the combinational efficacy of antidepressants and chemotherapy are potentially good options for developing CRC treatment regimens. In this study, sertraline, an antidepressant drug, and paclitaxel, an anticancer drug, were chosen to study their antitumor effects in the treatment of colorectal cancer, alone or in combination, and to explore their underlying mechanisms. The data showed that sertraline exerted a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on MC38 and CT26 colorectal cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 10.53 μM and 7.47 μM, respectively. Furthermore, sertraline synergistically sensitized chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel efficacy in CRC cells with combination index (CI) values at various concentrations consistently lower than 1. Sertraline remarkably augmented paclitaxel-induced autophagy by increasing autophagosome formation indicated by elevated LC3-II/I ratio and promoting autophagic flux by degrading autophagy cargo receptor SQSTM1/p62, which may explain the synergistically cytotoxic effect of sertraline and paclitaxel combination therapy on CRC cells. This study provides important evidence to support repurposing sertraline as an anticancer agent and suggests a novel combinational regimen for effectively treating CRC as well as in the simultaneous treatment of CRC and depression.
Effects of Loquat Juice Addition on Sensory Characteristics and Volatile Organic Compounds of Loquat Beer
Authors: Li Junjie , Li Lang , Yu Pinglian , Zhang Banglei , Zhao Lina , Zhao Zhongxia , Liu Kunyi , Kang Kaijie
Published: August 2024

Beer, as an ancient and widely consumed alcoholic beverage, holds a rich cultural heritage and history. In recent years, fruit beer has gained significant attention as a distinct beer type produced by incorporating fruit juice into traditional beer ingredients. This study employed headspace solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry techniques, redundancy analysis, and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis to analyze the sensory evaluation, physicochemical properties, organic acids, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of loquat beer with different proportions of loquat juice. The results shown that the addition of an appropriate amount of loquat juice (40%) enhanced the overall sensory quality of the beer; as the proportion of loquat juice increased, the contents of malic acid and tartaric acid significantly increased (p < 0.05). A total of 100 VOCs were identified, among which 23 key VOCs (VIP > 1, p < 0.05) represented the most important characteristic flavor components in loquat beer based on their odor activity value (OAV). This study holds significant importance for the value-added processing and economic development of loquat.
Noncoding RNA-Mediated Epigenetic Regulation in Hepatic Stellate Cells of Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Gao Ruoyu , Mao Jingwei
Published: August 2024

Liver fibrosis is a significant contributor to liver-related disease mortality on a global scale. Despite this, there remains a dearth of effective therapeutic interventions capable of reversing this condition. Consequently, it is imperative that we gain a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving liver fibrosis. In this regard, the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is recognized as a pivotal factor in the development and progression of liver fibrosis. The role of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in epigenetic regulation of HSCs transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts has been established, providing new insights into gene expression changes during HSCs activation. NcRNAs play a crucial role in mediating the epigenetics of HSCs, serving as novel regulators in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. As research on epigenetics expands, the connection between ncRNAs involved in HSCs activation and epigenetic mechanisms becomes more evident. These changes in gene regulation have attracted considerable attention from researchers in the field. Furthermore, epigenetics has contributed valuable insights to drug discovery and the identification of therapeutic targets for individuals suffering from liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. As such, this review offers a thorough discussion on the role of ncRNAs in the HSCs activation of liver fibrosis.
Higher-Dimensional Communications Using Multimode Fibers and Compact Components to Enable a Dense Set of Communicating Channels
Authors: Nolan Daniel A.
Published: August 2024

Higher-dimensional communications are of interest for multiple reasons, including increasing the classical transmission capacity and, more recently, the quantum state transfer through fibers using the many modes within the fiber. For quantum communications, this enables an increase in the number of bits per photon, increasing quantum fidelity, increasing error thresholds and enabling hyperentanglement transfer, among other possibilities. A high-dimensional quantum state transfer can be transported through multimode fiber using the many modes available. However, this transfer of information through multimode optical fiber is limited by attenuation and mode coupling among the various spatial and polarization modes. Here, we consider how this mode coupling impacts the transfer process. We consider the fiber’s modal properties, including orbital angular momentum, modal group numbers, and principal modes. We also investigate and propose input and output optical components, as well as fiber properties, which better mitigate the deleterious effects of mode coupling. We use the WKB approximation to the scaler wave equation as a guidance to quantify this coupling and then implement corrections to this approximation using exact solutions to the scaler wave equation. We consider methods to circumvent this mode coupling using optical fiber designs, holographic optical components and devices that are commercially available today. Some of these components, such as the holographic gratings and lenses, could be implemented using flat optics.
Thermo-Optic Switch with High Tuning Efficiency Based on Nanobeam Cavity and Hydrogen-Doped Indium Oxide Microheater
Authors: Tong Weiyu , Li Shangjing , Zhang Jiahui , Dong Jianji , Hu Bin , Zhang Xinliang
Published: August 2024

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an efficient on-chip thermo-optic (TO) switch based on a photonic crystal nanobeam cavity (PCNC) and a hydrogen-doped indium oxide (IHO) microheater. The small mode volume of the PCNC and the close-range heating through the transparent conductive oxide IHO greatly enhance the coupling between the thermal field and the optical field, increasing the TO tuning efficiency. The experimental results show that the TO tuning efficiency can reach 1.326 nm/mW. And the rise time and fall time are measured to be 3.90 and 2.65 μs, respectively. In addition, compared with the conventional metal microheater, the measured extinction ratios of the switches are close (25.8 dB and 27.6 dB, respectively), indicating that the IHO microheater does not introduce obvious insertion loss. Our demonstration showcases the immense potential of this TO switch as a unit device for on-chip large-scale integrated arrays.
A Rapid Method for Screening Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern-Triggered Immunity-Intensifying Microbes
Authors: Zheng Jing-Lin , Li Jia-Rong , Li Ai-Ting , Li Sin-Hua , Blanco Sabrina Diana , Chen Si-Yan , Lai Yun-Ru , Shi Ming-Qiao , Lin Tsung-Chun , Su Jiunn-Feng , Lin Yi-Hsien
Published: August 2024

PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) is the first layer of plant defense response that occurs on the plant plasma membrane. Recently, the application of a rhizobacterium, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain PMB05, has been demonstrated to enhance flg22Pst- or harpin-triggered PTI response such as callose deposition. This PTI intensification by PMB05 further contributes to plant disease resistance to different bacterial diseases. Under the demand for rapid and large-scale screening, it has become critical to establish a non-staining technology to identify microbial strains that can enhance PTI responses. Firstly, we confirmed that the expression of the GSL5 gene, which is required for callose synthesis, can be enhanced by PMB05 during PTI activation triggered by flg22 or PopW (a harpin from Ralstonia solanacearum). The promoter region of the GSL5 gene was further cloned and fused to the coding sequence of gfp. The constructed fragments were used to generate transgenic Arabidopsis plants through a plant transformation vector. The transgenic lines of AtGSL5-GFP were obtained. The analysis was performed by infiltrating flg22Pst or PopW in one homozygous line, and the results exhibited that the green fluorescent signals were observed until after 8 h. In addition, the PopW-induced fluorescent signal was significantly enhanced in the co-treatment with PMB05 at 4 h after inoculation. Furthermore, by using AtGSL5-GFP to analyze 13 Bacillus spp. strains, the regulation of PopW-induced fluorescent signal was observed. And, the regulation of these fluorescent signals was similar to that performed by callose staining. More importantly, the Bacillus strains that enhance PopW-induced fluorescent signals would be more effective in reducing the occurrence of bacterial wilt. Taken together, the technique by using AtGSL5-GFP would be a promising platform to screen plant immunity-intensifying microbes to control bacterial wilt.
Permeability Upscaling Conversion Based on Reservoir Classification
Authors: Li Jiali , Gao Chuqiao , Zhao Bin , Cheng Xincai
Published: August 2024

Deep and ultra-deep reservoirs are characterized by low porosity and permeability, pronounced heterogeneity, and complex pore structures, complicating permeability evaluations. Permeability, directly influencing the fluid production capacity of reservoirs, is a key parameter in comprehensive reservoir assessments. In the X Depression, low-porosity and low-permeability formations present highly discrete and variable core data points for porosity and permeability, rendering single-variable regression models ineffective. Consequently, accurately representing permeability in heterogeneous reservoirs proves challenging. In the following study, lithological and physical property data are integrated with mercury injection data to analyze pore structure types. The formation flow zone index (FZI) is utilized to differentiate reservoir types, and permeability is calculated based on core porosity–permeability relationships from logging data for each flow unit. Subsequently, the average permeability for each flow unit is computed according to reservoir classification, followed by a weighted average according to effective thickness. This approach transforms logging permeability into drill stem test permeability. Unlike traditional point-by-point averaging methods, this approach incorporates reservoir thickness and heterogeneity, making it more suitable for complex reservoir environments and resulting in more reasonable conversion outcomes.
The Paradoxical Power of Vulnerability—What It Reveals about Abuse and Cover-Up
Authors: Servaas Marianne , Vandewiele Wim
Published: August 2024

Researching the question of how the Roman Catholic Church (RCC), and by extension other institutional systems, respond or do not respond to the lived reality of abuse and its cover-up cannot be done without seeking to understand the underlying issue: What is the RCC responding (or not responding) to? One elucidating and perhaps surprising answer lies in the little and often misunderstood word vulnerability. Vulnerability, most probably counter-intuitively, has in fact the power to enhance violence or to reverse its destructive influence. This thought forms the basis for an exploration into what Professor Dr. Hildegund Keul has named the vulnerability and expenditure paradox. The logic in both of them seems understandable and straightforward. Yet, when genuinely understood, they are unsettling. They reveal an uncomfortable dilemma, a reality check and, ultimately, a choice as the paradox raises the rather earthly question: do we attempt to cheat death and therefore lose life, or do we opt for “creation through loss”? The first might, though linked to violence, lead to a feeling of security and invulnerability. The second exemplifies the passion of authentic suffering, humility and identity dependence. From a Christian perspective, it is the incarnation of love.
Identification of Harbin Ecological Function Degradation Areas Based on Ecological Importance Assessment and Ecological Sensitivity
Authors: Zhang Qiaoyin , Wu Yan , Zhao Zhiqiang
Published: August 2024

This study is based on the National Spatial Ecological Protection and Restoration Plan, using logical ecological evaluation indicators to determine the extent of ecological function degradation areas in Harbin City. In the Heilongjiang Province, Harbin faces severe ecological environment degradation, characterized by reduced area, deteriorated water quality, loss of biodiversity, and water resource competition. Identifying degraded ecological regions can effectively address these environmental issues. A multi-level indicator system was constructed to evaluate and identify ecological important and sensitive areas across the city, followed by integrating these results to delineate various levels and types of ecological protection and restoration zones in Harbin. Results indicate that these zones include ecological priority protection areas such as marshes surrounding the Harbin section of the Songhua River, southern aquatic wetlands, and scattered forest conservation areas. Key ecological restoration areas are found in the eastern urban core of Harbin, as well as in Bayan County, Bin County’s northern region, Wuchang City’s northwest region, and Yilan County. General ecological restoration areas are primarily distributed in Songbei District, Shuangcheng District, Mulan County, southeastern Bin County, Shangzhi City, southeastern Wuchang City, and some surrounding counties along the Songhua River. Priority ecological protection areas consist mainly of unused land, cultivated land, and forests, while key and general ecological restoration areas are predominantly composed of cultivated land and forests respectively.
Review of Hydrogen Sulfide Based on Its Activity Mechanism and Fluorescence Sensing
Authors: Zhang Jinlong , Jing Quan , Gao Fei , Zhang Fuxin , Pei Dong , Di Duolong , Hai Jun
Published: August 2024

The significance of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in biological research is covered in detail in this work. H2S is a crucial gas-signaling molecule that is involved in a wide range of illnesses and biological processes. Whether H2S has a beneficial therapeutic effect or negative pathological toxicity in an organism depends on changes in its concentration. A novel approach to treatment is the regulation of H2S production by medications or other measures. Furthermore, H2S is a useful marker for disease assessment because of its dual nature and sensitivity. We can better understand the onset and progression of disease by developing probes to track changes in H2S concentration based on the nucleophilicity, reducing properties, and metal coordination properties of H2S. This will aid in diagnosis and treatment. These results demonstrate the enormous potential of H2S in the detection and management of disease. Future studies should concentrate on clarifying the relationship between diseases and the mechanism of action of H2S in organisms. Ultimately, this work opens new possibilities for disease diagnosis and treatment while highlighting the significance of H2S in biological research. Future clinical practice and medical advancements will benefit greatly from our thorough understanding of the mechanism of action and therapeutic applications of H2S.
Image Reconstruction in Ultrasonic Speed-of-Sound Computed Tomography Using Time of Flight Estimated by a 2D Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Mimura Yuki , Suzuki Yudai , Sugimoto Toshiyuki , Saitoh Tadashi , Takahashi Tatsuhisa , Yanagida Hirotaka
Published: August 2024

In ultrasonic nondestructive testing (NDT), accurately estimating the time of flight (TOF) of ultrasonic waves is crucial. Traditionally, TOF estimation involves the signal processing of a single measured waveform. In recent years, deep learning has also been applied to estimate the TOF; however, these methods typically process only single waveforms. In contrast, this study acquired fan-beam ultrasonic waveform profile data from 64 paths using an ultrasonic-speed computed tomography (CT) simulation of a circular column and developed a TOF estimation model using two-dimensional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) based on these data. We compared the accuracy of the TOF estimation between the proposed method and two traditional signal processing methods. Additionally, we reconstructed ultrasonic-speed CT images using the estimated TOF and evaluated the generated CT images. The results showed that the proposed method could estimate the longitudinal TOF more accurately than traditional methods, and the evaluation scores for the reconstructed images were high.
Modulation of Growth and Mycotoxigenic Potential of Pineapple Fruitlet Core Rot Pathogens during In Vitro Interactions
Authors: Vignassa Manon , Soria Christian , Durand Noël , Poss Charlie , Meile Jean-Christophe , Chillet Marc , Schorr-Galindo Sabine
Published: August 2024

Pineapple Fruitlet Core Rot (FCR) is a fungal disease characterized by a multi-pathogen pathosystem. Recently, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Talaromyces stollii joined the set of FCR pathogens until then exclusively attributed to Fusarium ananatum. The particularity of FCR relies on the presence of healthy and diseased fruitlets within the same infructescence. The mycobiomes associated with these two types of tissues suggested that disease occurrence might be triggered by or linked to an ecological chemical communication-promoting pathogen(s) development within the fungal community. Interactions between the four recently identified pathogens were deciphered by in vitro pairwise co-culture bioassays. Both fungal growth and mycotoxin production patterns were monitored for 10 days. Results evidenced that Talaromyces stollii was the main fungal antagonist of Fusarium species, reducing by 22% the growth of Fusarium proliferatum. A collapse of beauvericin content was observed when FCR pathogens were cross-challenged while fumonisin concentrations were increased by up to 7-fold. Antagonism between Fusarium species and Talaromyces stollii was supported by the diffusion of a red pigmentation and droplets of red exudate at the mycelium surface. This study revealed that secondary metabolites could shape the fungal pathogenic community of a pineapple fruitlet and contribute to virulence promoting FCR establishment.
The Approved Live-Attenuated Chikungunya Virus Vaccine (IXCHIQ®) Elicits Cross-Neutralizing Antibody Breadth Extending to Multiple Arthritogenic Alphaviruses Similar to the Antibody Breadth Following Natural Infection
Authors: Weber Whitney C. , Streblow Zachary J. , Kreklywich Craig N. , Denton Michael , Sulgey Gauthami , Streblow Magdalene M. , Marcano Dorca , Flores Paola N. , Rodriguez-Santiago Rachel M. , Alvarado Luisa I. , Rivera-Amill Vanessa , Messer William B. , Hochreiter Romana , Kosulin Karin , Dubischar Katrin , Buerger Vera , Streblow Daniel N.
Published: August 2024

The first vaccine against chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was recently licensed in the U.S., Europe, and Canada (brand IXCHIQ®, referred to as VLA1553). Other pathogenic alphaviruses co-circulate with CHIKV and major questions remain regarding the potential of IXCHIQ to confer cross-protection for populations that are exposed to them. Here, we characterized the cross-neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses against heterotypic CHIKV and additional arthritogenic alphaviruses in individuals at one month, six months, and one year post-IXCHIQ vaccination. We characterized nAbs against CHIKV strains LR2006, 181/25, and a 2021 isolate from Tocantins, Brazil, as well as O’nyong-nyong virus (ONNV), Mayaro virus (MAYV), and Ross River virus (RRV). IXCHIQ elicited 100% seroconversion to each virus, with the exception of RRV at 83.3% seroconversion of vaccinees, and cross-neutralizing antibody potency decreased with increasing genetic distance from CHIKV. We compared vaccinee responses to cross-nAbs elicited by natural CHIKV infection in individuals living in the endemic setting of Puerto Rico at 8–9 years post-infection. These data suggest that IXCHIQ efficiently and potently elicits cross-nAb breadth that extends to related alphaviruses in a manner similar to natural CHIKV infection, which may have important implications for individuals that are susceptible to alphavirus co-circulation in regions of potential vaccine rollout.
Zoonotic Enteric Nematodes and Dermatophytes in Cat Cafés: An Investigation in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area, Thailand
Authors: Sanguansook Phakjira , Tuangpermsub Siwaporn , Leelakarnsakul Boonyakorn , Phaisansomsuk Sutida , Hunprasit Vachira , Del Río Laura , Niyomtham Waree , Prapasarakul Nuvee , Sukhumavasi Woraporn
Published: August 2024

Cat cafés have gained significant popularity worldwide, offering a unique interface between humans and cats. The present study aims to assess the prevalence of potentially zoonotic endoparasites and dermatophytes from cats living in cat cafés situated in the Bangkok metropolitan area in 2017–2018. Cat fecal samples were subjected to microscopic examination employing centrifugal flotation and centrifugal sedimentation techniques. The hair samples from every cat were cultured on a dermatophyte test medium and Sabouraud dextrose agar and subsequently confirmed by visualization of the typical colony and macroconidia morphology. Findings from 11 cat cafés indicated an 18.2% (2/11) prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites, including Toxocara spp., Ancylostoma spp., Physaloptera spp., and Eucoleus aerophilus. Dermatophytes were prevalent in 16.2% (32/198) of the total number of cats tested, with Microsporum canis being the sole species identified. Notably, the presence of dermatophyte was significantly correlated with the presence of skin lesions and the cats’ origin. In summary, the findings of this study have provided evidence of potentially zoonotic endoparasites and dermatophytes in cats residing in cat cafés. Therefore, it is imperative to heighten awareness and encourage preventive measures among cat café owners and customers to halt the dissemination of these pathogens.
A Machine Learning Approach to Monitor the Physiological and Water Status of an Irrigated Peach Orchard under Semi-Arid Conditions by Using Multispectral Satellite Data
Authors: Campi Pasquale , Modugno Anna Francesca , De Carolis Gabriele , Pedrero Salcedo Francisco , Lorente Beatriz , Garofalo Simone Pietro
Published: August 2024

Climate change is making water management increasingly difficult due to rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns, impacting crop water availability and irrigation needs. This study investigated the ability of machine learning and satellite remote sensing to monitor water status and physiology. The research focused on predicting different eco-physiological parameters in an irrigated peach orchard under Mediterranean conditions, utilizing multispectral reflectance data and machine learning algorithms (extreme gradient boosting, random forest, support vector regressor); ground data were acquired from 2021 to 2023 in the south of Italy. The random forest model outperformed in predicting net assimilation (R2 = 0.61), while the support vector machine performed best in predicting electron transport rate (R2 = 0.57), Fv/Fm ratio (R2 = 0.66) and stomatal conductance (R2 = 0.56). Random forest also proved to be the most effective in predicting stem water potential (R2 = 0.62). These findings highlighted the potential of integrating machine learning techniques with high-resolution satellite imagery to assist farmers in monitoring crop health and optimizing irrigation practices, thereby addressing the challenges determined by climate change.
Projected Climate Change Impacts on the Number of Dry and Very Heavy Precipitation Days by Century’s End: A Case Study of Iran’s Metropolises
Authors: Afsari Rasoul , Nazari-Sharabian Mohammad , Hosseini Ali , Karakouzian Moses
Published: August 2024

This study explores the impacts of climate change on the number of dry days and very heavy precipitation days within Iran’s metropolises. Focusing on Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Karaj, Shiraz, and Tabriz, the research utilizes the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) Global Circulation Models (GCMs) to predict future precipitation conditions under various Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) from 2025 to 2100. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how climate change will affect precipitation patterns in these major cities. Findings indicate that the SSP126 scenario typically results in the highest number of dry days, suggesting that under lower emission scenarios, precipitation events will become less frequent but more intense. Conversely, SSP585 generally leads to the lowest number of dry days. Higher emission scenarios (SSP370, SSP585) consistently show an increase in the number of very heavy precipitation days across all cities, indicating a trend towards more extreme weather events as emissions rise. These insights are crucial for urban planners, policymakers, and stakeholders in developing effective adaptation and mitigation strategies to address anticipated climatic changes.
Indigenous Knowledge Systems of Solid Waste Management in Bushbuckridge Rural Communities, South Africa
Authors: Madonsela Benett Siyabonga , Machete Machete , Shale Karabo
Published: August 2024

Indigenous knowledge systems related to solid waste management in economically marginalized communities have been largely overlooked in the scientific literature, even though the indigenous communities of developing nations struggling to manage solid waste rely on these practices. It is startling that indigenous solid waste management practices are scarcely documented in the scientific literature despite their position as potential alternative disposal methods. This gap persists amid limited municipal budgets, inadequate waste collection services, and poor infrastructure in economically marginalized indigenous rural communities in developing nations. Subsequently, in the discipline of solid waste management, this obstacle impedes the recognition and inclusion of indigenous waste management practices into integrated waste management plans. As a result, this causes a delay in their progress or elevation to the same level of credibility as mainstream scientific knowledge. In the process, this relegates the waste management practices of indigenous communities to the background. Against this background, the current study sought to investigate the indigenous solid waste management practices of rural communities in Bushbuckridge Local Municipality. As such, ten cases that captured the spatial cultural diversity of indigenous communities’ practices across Bushbuckridge Local Municipality (BLM) were selected for sampling. Data were collected using ethnographic research methods. Data analysis was carried out using the thematic analysis approach. Inductive logic was used in the interpretation of the current study results. The results of the current study indicate that indigenous communities of Bushbuckridge Local Municipality, in the absence of formal waste management services from the local authority, resort to an indigenous knowledge system to manage solid waste. Waste burning (100%), open-air dumping (100%), and backyard pits (90%) are some of the indigenous waste management practices espoused by the rural communities of BLM. The similarity in practices was corroborated by statistical inferences that revealed that between BLM communities, the amount of indigenous waste management practices is not significant (p > 0.05). However, there are concerns that despite the sustainability aspect associated with recycling (<25%) practices, these disposal methods are not common in the rural communities of BLM. This is a setback for an indigenous knowledge system that is supposed to advance environmental sustainability practices.