bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Views of parents regarding the services provided to the students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Ilik Serife Senay
Published: October 2019

This study adopted a descriptive survey method to investigate the views of parents on education and healthcare services provided to the children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and help them explain their views in their own words. The sample was composed of 25 parents of children diagnosed with ADHD, who were attending primary schools in Konya city center. A semi-structured interview form was used for parent interviews. The data were analysed through content analysis. The results revealed that according to the parentsâ€™ views, the service provided to the children mostly included either healthcare or education services, but a very little number of children received both services. The great majority of the families stated that the medicines that their children were prescribed increased their attention; however, negatively affected their social development. The parents expressed their opinion that a training programme for parents should be arranged and multimodal interventions should be provided.

Keywords: Education, healthcare, attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder.
PENTINGNYA PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM MEMBANGUN MORALITAS BANGSA DALAM DUNIA PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Susilawati Samsul
Published: October 2019

Forming the character of students is not an easy and quick effort. It requires continuous effort and deep reflection to make a series of moral decisions that have to be followed up with concrete action, so it becomes a practical and reflective. Need more time to make it becomes a habit or character of a person. Curriculum in Indonesia is still not touching this aspect of character, although there are lessons Pancasila and citizenship, but it is still a theory and not at the level applicable. Character education is character education plus, namely involving aspects of knowledge (cognitive), feeling (feeling), and action (action). Thus, without these three aspects, it will not be effective character education, and its implementation must be done in a systematic and sustainable. By giving the character education, is expected to change the paradigm of the nation's young people to be strong and have a good horizon.

Keywords: Character and Character Education
ANALISIS POLA KLASTER DAN ORIENTASI PASAR (STUDI KASUS PADA SENTRA INDUSTRI KRIPIK TEMPE SANAN KOTA MALANG, 2014)
Authors: Mukaffis Zaim
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze cluster patterns and market orientation (Case study in center of keripik tempe industries in sanan Malang 2014). Biographical characteristics are consists of age, gender, religion, owners education level of the owners, labor education, and wealth. Total sample in the research are 38 respondents. For the purpose, this study uses Cluster Analysis to analyze cluster pattern refers to the variable in the Markussen model (1996) and Logistic Regression Model is used in this study to analyze the important factors that distinguish export-oriented industries and domestic-oriented industries. The results of the identification of the proposed cluster patterns Markusen, it can be concluded that the pattern of industrial district of keripik tempe industries in sanan Malang Regency follows the pattern of clusters Marshallian and the Hub and Spoke. The results of binary logistic regression model analysis in this study showed that of seven independent variables, there are two variables that significantly influence the export market orientation of the age of business and the active promotion. While the training, the labor, the buyer network, technology and network suppliers of raw materials has no effect on export market orientation

Keywords: Cluster Patterns, Market Orientation, Marshallian, Hub and Spoke
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT PEDESAAN TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN TINGGI (STUDI ANALISIS TEORI GEORGE HERBERT MEAD)
Authors: Hukama Ardika Fateh
Published: October 2019

This study aims to: 1) find out the formal education level of Banjarsari Village, Ngronggot Subdistrict, Nganjuk Regency, 2) find out the perceptions of Banjarsari Village, Ngronggot Subdistrict, Nganjuk Regency towards higher education, 3) find out the meaning of rural community perceptions of higher education with theoretical concepts George Herbert Mead. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, which is describing and interpreting existing data to describe reality in accordance with the actual phenomenon. The results of this study indicate that: 1) the formal education level of the Banjarsari Village community is still low, where elementary school education is 612 people with a percentage of 22.18%, junior high school as many as 739 people with a percentage of 26.78%, high school as many as 1094 people with a percentage of 39.65 %, Colleges as many as 142 people with a percentage of 5.14%, and not as many as 172 with a percentage of 6.23%, 2) the perceptions of rural communities in the village of Banjarsari towards tertiary education are quite good, but to realize their children go on to college less, 3) the relevance of the perceptions of rural communities in higher education and the concept of George Herbert Mead's theory, can be seen from internal factors, namely the economic level and educational background of parents, while external factors, namely the environment.

Keywords: Rural Society; Higher education; George Herbert Mead's theory
INTERAKSI SOSIAL DALAM MEMBANGUN TOLERANSI ANTAR UMAT BERAGAMA DI DUSUN DODOL DESA WONOAGUNG KECAMATAN KASEMBON KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Syaifudin Imam
Published: October 2019

In religious life can’t be separated with the social interaction, more people who have a different religious background, with the social contact between communities and spiritual values, of course, can build tolerance among religious people. The purpose of this study is to: (1). Describe the pattern of social interaction in developing an understanding of the community in Dodol Hamlet Village Wonoagung District Kasembon (2). Describe the forms of community tolerance Dodol Hamlet Village Wonoagung Kasembon District. To achieve the above objectives, a qualitative research approach with phenomenology is used. The key instrument is the researcher himself, and the data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed using data triangulation technique by digging data from various sources then exposing the data and drawing conclusions. From the results of the study found that the creation of harmony, because of each of the religious adherents of each other open and accept the existence of other religions. The existence of religious diversity that exists in Dodol doesn’t make the interaction between the people of Dodol to be tenuous and rigid, it actually makes its own beauty that can be seen in the pattern of community interaction Dodol citizens. In conducting activities that are social, Dodol people do not consider the majority or minority groups. They always instilled a strong sense of brotherhood and uphold the attitude of mutual help in their society. In relation to building religious tolerance, Dodol people generally have a very dynamic pattern of harmony. This can be seen from the pattern of religious social relations and social relations patterns, which will explain how the pattern of religious harmony that occurred in Dodol Hamlet. In addition, there are also factors that affect the tolerance that occurred in Dodol, namely: family ties, mutual respect, and respect between religious people and mutual help.

Keywords: social interaction, tolerance, religious
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN IPS BERBASIS PERMAINAN MONOPOLI
Authors: Islamiyah Tsuaibatul
Published: October 2019

Some students still consider IPS as a boring subject. It is because almost all material contains descriptive so encourages the teacher used a lecture method. Many students felt sleepy when the learning occurred. Monopoly as one of the fun games could be modified into social instructional media. So that students could be more active and enthusiastic about learning. The aim of this research is: (1) Produce teaching materials in instructional media form; (2) Know the validity of instructional media; (3) Know the ratio of control class and experiment class result. The method that is used in this research is the Research and Development (R&D) method, to create teaching material. The subject of product assessment for the worthiness of this instructional media is divided by 3 experts: content expert, media expert, and learning expert. The target of product trial are the students of grade 8 Islamic Junior High School Student Nurul Ulum Malang. The result of this research is produced 3D product resemble a monopoly game. The difference is these learning media have material of Indonesia Freedom preparations theme. The result of this development research in the form of monopoly game has the level of eligibility by containing expert validity is 95%, media expert validity is 80%, and learning expert validity is 75%. The average of control class post-test result is 72.5, and experiment class post-test result is 79.1. On gain, score tries out knew that control class was increasing 14.3%, while experiment class was 19.7%. it can be concluded that learning outcome of the class using instructional media based on social science monopoly game is more increasing than a class which is not using instructional media based on social science monopoly.

Keywords: instructional media, monopoly game, social science
PERSEPSI WIRAUSAHAWAN DI PASAR MENGENAI PENTINGNYA MELANJUTKAN SEKOLAH ANAK KE PENDIDIKAN TINGGI
Authors: Farichi Mohammad Achsinul
Published: October 2019

Perception is a process of delivering relevant information captured by the senses of the environment which then organizes it in its mind, interprets, experiences, and processes everything that happens in that environment. The factors of perception are a process of delivering relevant information captured by the senses of the situation, set, attention, value system, previous experience, selective attention. University is the level of education after secondary education, which includes diploma education programs, graduate, master, specialist, and doctorate, which are organized by the university. This research was conducted in an effort to reach the research objectives, namely: (1) To explain the perception of the entrepreneur in the Gudang Garam market Unit 8 Kediri city about the importance of continuing school children to university. This research uses qualitative approach and descriptive type, data collection is done by using the method of observation, interview, and documentation. Then the data has been collected in the form of words analyzed with Miles & Huberman model. The results showed that: (1). An entrepreneur assumes continuing education of children to university is very important, (2). Entrepreneur send their children to university have hope that the children have a better future from than their parents, the goal is achieved, can become government employees or become civil servants and add insight to the knowledge of his son and as a bridge to achieve success in the future, (3 ). Past entrepreneur experiences greatly affect the entrepreneur’s perception of continuing his or her child's education to university as experienced by some traders, (4). Entrepreneurs have figures who influence their perceptions in educating their children.

Keywords: Perception, Entrepreneur, University.
UPAYA GURU IPS DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER BERTANGGUNG JAWAB SISWA KELAS VIII C MTS HASYIM ASY’ARI BATU
Authors: Pratiwi Anisah Novita Tia
Published: October 2019

Responsible character education is the attitude and behavior of a person to carry out their duties and responsibilities as themselves, society, environment, country, and God. The formation of the character of trust can be applied through the activities of internal and external learning. Responsibility is an attitude that must be formed so that students can be accountable for what they have done. The purpose of this study was to: (1) find out the character forms responsible for class VIII C MTs Hasyim Asy'ari Batu (2) to find out the efforts of social studies teachers informing capable characters of class VIII MTs Hasyim Asy'ari Batu (3) know what factors encourage and hinder the formation of role responsible for class VIII C MTs Hasyim Asy'ari Batu. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a type of case study research. Data collection uses observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that, (1) Character forms are responsible for students namely always doing school work well, attending congregational prayers in school and punishments for those who violate school rules by using persuasive approaches and giving examples in their daily lives (2 ) The implementation of character formation is responsible to be carried out in the classroom and outside the classroom. Application through habituation by the teacher (3) There are driving and inhibiting factors in the way the character formation is responsible for class VIII C students at MTs Hasyim Asy'ari Batu. One of them is habituation carried out by the school and teacher teachers, and also one of the inhibiting factors here is about environmental factors that do not support the attitude of responsibility.

Keywords: The character of Responsibility, Integrated Social Studies
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Menentukan Lovebird Unggul dalam Perlombaan Menggunakan Metode AHP-Topsis
Authors: Amalia Eka Larasati , RDA Rudy Ariyanto , Pratama Asa Nara
Published: October 2019

Komunitas Lovebird Indonesia – Wilayah Tuban adalah salah satu komunitas yang tiap tahunnya memiliki agenda perlombaan Beauty dan Singing contest, tetapi proses penilaiannya masih dilakukan secara manual, sehingga tidak menutup kemungkinan pada saat pengambilan keputusan untuk menilai kandidat dilakukan secara subjektif. Selain itu terdapat kesulitan dalam menentukan pembobotan kriteria, sehingga sulit menentukan pembobotan dalam bentuk angka. Dari masalah tersebut, maka Komunitas Lovebird Indonesia – Wilayah Tuban memerlukan sistem pendukung keputusan (SPK) yang dapat membantu menyelesaikan masalah tersebut. Sistem pendukung keputusan menentukan lovebird unggul dalam perlombaan ini diharapkan mampu membantu memangatasi masalah dengan menyesuaikan bobot dan kriteria. Metode yang dignakan adalah metode Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) dan Technique Order Preference by Similarity To Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Aplikasi ini dapat membuat proses penilaian dan pengambilan keputusan menjadi lebih murah karena adanya dukungan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Selain itu seleksi kandidat dalam perlombaan yang dilakukan dengan aplikasi ini dapat memberikan hasil cukup akurat, hal ini terbukti dengan pengujian yang telah dilakukan dari perbandingan seleksi manual dan seleksi sistem dengan keakuratan 98%.
Project Manager Motivation: Job Motivators And Maintenance Factors
Authors: Henkel Tom , Marion Jim , Bourdeau Debra
Published: October 2019

The present study explored the applicable motivation factors that contribute to job satisfaction in terms of job motivators and maintenance factors when working on projects. The researchers asked students enrolled in a university advanced project management leadership course to respond to a job motivators and maintenance factors factor self- assessment. This tool is useful in determining the factors that contribute to motivation when working on projects (Lusser & Achua, 2016). The researchers then conducted a chi-square test to determine whether the observed values were significantly different from an expected value of 18, which is the midpoint. The chi-square goodness of fit test led to the rejection of H10 and the acceptance of H1a. with a p<.001. Additionally, the chi-square goodness of fit test led to the acceptance of H20 and the rejection of H2a. with a p=.994. The self-assessment revealed that the students tended to exhibit higher motivator scores and lower maintenance scores. The findings of this study have significant implications for leadership behavior when leading project teams. These findings can also contribute to a better understanding of the motivation factors that characterize team members for the completion of successful projects.
Sistem Pemeliharaan Anjing dan Tingkat Pemahaman Rabies Masyarakat Desa yang belum Tertular Rabies di Kabupaten Gianyar, Bali
Authors: Suwartama Beny , Batan I Wayan , Agustina I Kadek Karang
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persentase dan hubungan antara faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi sistem pemeliharaan dan tingkat pemahaman masyarakat mengenai rabies di Kabupaten Gianyar.  Terdapat 14 desa yang belum dilaporkan kejadian rabies di Kabupaten Gianyar, nanti di setiap desa akan disebar 10 kuisioner kepada masyarakat pemilik anjing. Data hasil wawancara dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuanttitatif dan dilakukan pemetaan faktor resiko rabies di masing-masing desa yang belum dilaporkan kejadian rabies di Kabupaten Gianyar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem pemeliharaan anjing yang baik di Kabupaten Gianyar berhubungan dengan kondisi pemeliharaan anjng (98,6%); tidak memelihara HPR (95%); pemberian pakan lebih dari sekali (95%); status vaksinasi rabies (91,4%); dan jumlah anjing yang dipelihara tidak lebih dari satu ekor (58,6%). Sistem pemeliharaan anjing yang kurang baik berhubungan dengan pemberian pakan sisa/racikan (96,4%); anjing yang tidak di sterilisasi (91,4%); tidak pernah melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan pada anjing (80%); kontak dengan anjing lain (79,3%); dan pemeliharaan anjing dengan dilepas (76,4%). Tingkat pemahaman masyarakat Kabupaten Gianyar yang baik berhubungan dengan tidak ditemukannya gejala rabies di desa yang belum dilaporkan kejadian rabies (98,6%); mobilitas anjing (97,1%); pemahaman mengenai bahaya rabies (89,3%); mengetahui ciri-ciri rabies pada anjing (77,1%); dan asal anjing (56,4%). Tingkat pemahaman masyarakat yang kurang baik berhubungan dengan belum adanya aturan desa mengenai pencegahan rabies (100%); belum pernah mengikuti penyuluhan rabies (89,3%); cara memperoleh anjing (87,1%); dan aturan desa atau awig-awig (85,7%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem pemeliharaan anjing dan tingkat pemahaman masyarakat mengenai penyakit rabies di Kabupaten Gianyar tergolong baik.
Pengaruh Pemberian Vitamin E dan Etinil Estradiol Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Ginjal Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus)
Authors: Nugraha Putri , Samsuri Samsuri , Berata I Ketut
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa pemberian etinil estradiol mempengaruhi histopatologi ginjal tikus putih dan mengetahui efek protektik vitamin E terhadap ginjal tikus putih yang diberikan etinil estradiol. Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang dibagi atas 5 kelompok perlakuan yaitu K(-) sebagai kontrol negatif; K(+) sebagai kontrol positif, diberikan etinil estradiol (EE) 150 mg/kgBB/hari; P1, diberikan EE 150 mg/kgBB/hari dan vitamin E 100 mg/kgBB/hari; P2, diberikan EE 150 mg/kgBB/hari dan vitamin E 150 mg/kgBB/hari; P3, diberikan EE 200 mg/kgBB/hari. Pemberian EE dilakukan secara subkutan dan vitamin E secara oral, selama 30 hari. Pada hari ke 31, semua hewan percobaan diterminasi dan dinekropsi, selanjutnya diambil organ ginjalnya. Organ ginjal diproses untuk dibuat sediaan histopatologi dengan pewarnaan hematoxylin eosin (HE). Variabel yang diukur berupa tingkat lesi glomerulosklerosis dan nekrosis tubulus ginjal. Hasil menunjukkan adanya pengaruh pemberian EE pada ginjal. Pemberian vitamin E dosis 100 mg/kgBB/hari tidak berbeda signifikan dengan 150 mg/kgBB dan 200 mg/kgBB. Simpulannya adalah pemberian etinil estradiol dapat ditemukan perubahan histopatologi ginjal tikus putih berupa glomerulosklerosis dan nekrosis tubulus ginjal. Pemberian vitamin E dengan dosis 100 mg/kgBB/hari sudah mampu memberikan efek protektif terhadap kerusakan jaringan ginjal tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) akibat pemberian etinil estradiol 150 mg/kgBB/hari secara subkutan.
Sinergi Bioaktivitas Daun Tapakdara (Chatarantus Roseus) dan Pegagan (Centella Asiatica) terhadap Proses Penyembuhan Luka Insisi pada Anjing Kintamani
Authors: Dada Ketut Anom , Jayawardhita Anak Agung Gde
Published: October 2019

Obat herbal masih banyak digunakan masyarakat untuk mengobati beberapa penyakit terutama di negara-negara berkembang. Hal ini karena secara budaya mudah diterima dan rendahnya efek samping yang ditimbulkan. Tanaman tapakdara (Cantharantus roseus) dan pegagan (Centella asiatica) merupakan tanaman obat yang terbukti secara empiris dapat digunakan sebagai obat gangguan pada kulit seperti dermatitis, eksim, jerawat, luka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sinergi bioaktivitas ekstrak daun tapakdara dan pegagan dalam proses kesembuhan luka. Hewan coba yang digunakan adalah tikus Wistar sebagai model pengganti anjing kintamani yang dibagi menjadi empat perlakuan yang masing-masing terdiri dari 6 ekor. Masing-masing tikus dibuat luka insisi. Perlakuan I sebagai kontrol normal diberikan salep oxytetrasiklin 3% secara topical sebagai plasebo; Perlakuan II diberikan secara topikal ekstrak daun tapakdara konsentrasi 15% dalam vaselin; Perlakuan III diberikan  secara  topikal  ekstrak  daun  pegagan  konsentrasi  15%  dalam  vaselin;  dan Perlakuan IV merupakan perlakuan kombinasi yang diberikan secara topikal ekstrak daun tapakdara dan pegagan. Sebagai tolak ukur proses penyembuhan luka adalah waktu epitelisasi, angiogenesis, perkembangan kolagen pada jaringan serta ephitelisasi. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode Kruskal Wallis, untuk mengetahui perbedaan yang signifikan diuji dengan Mann-Whitney U test. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan pengamatan secara makroskopis menunjukkan bahwa pemberian salep oxytetrasiklin 3% memberikan kesembuhan paling cepat disusul tapakdara, kombinasi tapakdara dengan pegagan, terakhir pegagan. Tetapi secara mikroskopis pengobatan dengan pemberian kombinasi pegagan dan tapakdara memberikan kesembuhan yang hampir sama dengan oxytetrasiklin 3%. Hal ini menujukkan kombinasi ektrak tapakdara dan pegagan dengan konsentrasi 15% dalam vaselin terjadi sinergi dalam proses penyembuhan luka pada tikus Wistar
Rôle de l'environnement précoce dans la variabilité des phénotypes et l’adaptation des animaux d’élevage à leur milieu
Authors: PITEL Frédérique , CALENGE Fanny , AIGUEPERSE Nadège , FABRELLAS Jordi-Estelle , COUSTHAM Vincent , CALANDREAU Ludovic , MORISSON Mireille , CHAVATTE-PALMER Pascale , GINANE Cécile
Published: October 2019

Les animaux d'élevage sont confrontés à de multiples contraintes environnementales auxquelles ils doivent s'adapter. De plus en plus d'études s'intéressent à l'impact de l'environnement précoce sur les phénotypes des animaux et leurs capacités à s'adapter aux différents challenges rencontrés ultérieurement. Dans cette revue, nous nous intéresserons aux connaissances actuelles sur l'influence de l'environnement précoce sur la construction et la variabilité des phénotypes et de l'adaptation des animaux d'élevage à leur milieu, en prenant des exemples dans différentes espèces. Nous nous focaliserons sur les rôles de trois contributeurs importants de la construction des phénotypes : les mécanismes épigénétiques, le microbiote et les processus comportementaux. Les mécanismes épigénétiques, qui modulent l'expression du génome sous l'effet de perturbations environnementales intervenues pendant le développement, peuvent induire une variété de phénotypes dont les caractéristiques peuvent perdurer jusqu'à l'âge adulte, voire se transmettre à la génération suivante. La constitution du microbiote digestif est elle aussi très dépendante de l'environnement précoce, et joue un rôle important dans l’expression des phénotypes, notamment dans le domaine de la santé. Enfin, l'expérience précoce influence considérablement le comportement de l'animal, en particulier ses capacités d'apprentissage, qui peuvent lui conférer une meilleure adaptation à des situations nouvelles ultérieures. Les études menées dans ces domaines permettent de définir de nouveaux leviers d'action pour tenter d'optimiser les capacités d’adaptation de nos animaux, notamment par les voies de l'alimentation des animaux jeunes ou de leurs parents voire de leurs grands-parents, de l'acclimatation pendant le développement, ou plus généralement par des modifications de l'environnement, en particulier de l'environnement social.
Évolution de l’usage des antibiotiques en filières bovins lait et bovins viande : état d’avancement et perspectives
Authors: DAVID Valérie , BEAUGRAND Florence , GAY Emilie , BASTIEN Jacqueline , DUCROT Christian
Published: October 2019

Cet article présente les actions récentes conduites en France pour réduire l’usage des antibiotiques en filières bovines dans le cadre du plan EcoAntibio. Les données sur la vente et l’usage d’antibiotiques montrent une diminution globale au fil des années, et notamment pour les antibiotiques critiques, différente selon les filières. Les différents partenaires de l’élevage se sont mobilisés pour agir chacun à son niveau et de manière coordonnée pour contribuer à une rationalisation des usages d’antibiotiques. Sont notamment présentées les actions conduites pour promouvoir la biosécurité dans les élevages, l’évolution de certaines pratiques d’élevage et de conseil, l’amélioration des bâtiments d’élevage et la vaccination. Concernant les pratiques vétérinaires, des évolutions réglementaires ont été mises en œuvre ; la profession vétérinaire les a accompagnées de recommandations précises en matière de prescription antibiotique. L’utilisation des alternatives thérapeutiques est évoquée, avec ses limites, difficultés et contraintes réglementaires. Divers résultats issus des sciences humaines et sociales sont aussi abordés, concernant les points de vue et représentations des acteurs sur l’usage des antibiotiques, les conditions d’une diminution d’usage dans les élevages, les difficultés rencontrées quand différents acteurs sont impliqués. Diverses perspectives sont proposées, d’ordre technique, sociologique et organisationnel.
Élevage de précision et bien-être en élevage : la révolution numérique de l’agriculture permettra-t-elle de prendre en compte les besoins des animaux et des éleveurs ?
Authors: VEISSIER Isabelle , KLING-EVEILLARD Florence , MIALON Marie-Madeleine , SILBERBERG Mathieu , DE BOYER DES ROCHES Alice , TERLOUW Claudia , LEDOUX Dorothée , MEUNIER Bruno , HOSTIOU Nathalie
Published: October 2019

Les techniques d'élevage de précision ont été développées essentiellement pour augmenter la rentabilité et réduire la charge de travail en appliquant des processus automatiques de surveillance des animaux et de leur environnement. Par exemple la détection de l'œstrus permet une insémination rapide, tandis que la détection des boiteries à un stade précoce ou d’un déséquilibre nutritionnel ou même des paramètres d'ambiance anormaux dans l'étable peuvent aider à prendre des mesures correctives rapidement. Les données générées par les capteurs pourraient également contribuer au bien-être des animaux. Un système détectant les problèmes de santé (par exemple, mammite ou cétose chez les vaches laitières) peut faire partie de la gestion du bien-être. En plus et surtout, certains dispositifs de l’élevage de précision sont basés sur la détection du comportement animal directement ou indirectement par la position des animaux : temps passé à se nourrir, ruminer, se reposer, marcher, etc. Des changements subtils de comportement peuvent indiquer l'état mental d'un animal : hyper-réactivité vs apathie, isolement social, modification du rythme quotidien d'activité, réduction du comportement de jeu ou du toilettage, hyper-agressivité. Ces changements peuvent être autant de signes de malaise dus à la maladie, au stress, à l'instabilité sociale, etc. Ainsi les techniques de l’élevage de précision offrent un large éventail de possibilités d'utiliser des signes de comportement animal pour aborder le bien-être dans des élevages modernes, qu’il s’agisse du bien-être lié à l'état de santé, aux relations sociales, aux relations homme-animal ou à un environnement quelconque stressant. À l'heure actuelle, ces possibilités sont peu explorées. Par ailleurs, l’élevage de précision modifie le travail des agriculteurs et potentiellement leurs interactions avec les animaux. Il est nécessaire que les animaux restent au centre de l'attention si l'on veut respecter leur bien-être et ce en harmonie avec celui de l’éleveur.
Les productions animales dans la bioéconomie
Authors: DOURMAD Jean-Yves , GUILBAUD Thomas , TICHIT † Muriel , BONAUDO Thierry
Published: October 2019

La bioéconomie se définit comme l’ensemble des activités liées à la production, l’utilisation et la transformation de bioressources pour répondre de façon durable aux besoins alimentaires et à une partie des besoins en énergie et en matériaux de la société, tout en préservant les ressources naturelles et en garantissant la production de services environnementaux. Dans cet article nous décrivons et quantifions les différents flux de bioressources associés aux activités d'élevage. À l'échelle nationale, les systèmes d'élevage sont les principaux utilisateurs de bioressources (113 Mt) et de surfaces agricoles (55 %), pour l'alimentation des animaux. Ils contribuent largement aux apports alimentaires de l'Homme, principalement en protéines (60 %), lipides (40 %), minéraux et vitamines. Par leur utilisation des surfaces agricoles et la production d'effluents organiques ils contribuent également à la fourniture de services écosystémiques, comme la biodiversité et la fertilité des sols. Les effluents d'élevages représentent environ 19,4 Mt de matière organique correspondant à un potentiel de production de méthane équivalent à 45 TWh d'énergie primaire, très peu valorisé pour le moment. De par son importance, l’élevage constitue donc un facteur majeur d’équilibre ou de perturbation des cycles biogéochimiques, des services écosystémiques et de la biodiversité. Il existe des marges importantes de progrès pour accroitre sa contribution à la couverture des besoins humains et mieux boucler les cycles de matières, en améliorant l’autonomie, en économisant des intrants et en diminuant les pertes vers l’environnement. Dans cette perspective, nous discutons les défis et les opportunités d'une meilleure intégration de l'élevage dans la bioéconomie circulaire.
Quelle place pour les produits animaux dans l’alimentation de demain ?
Authors: RÉMOND Didier
Published: October 2019

L’image de l’élevage et des produits alimentaires d’origine animale n’a cessé de se dégrader suite aux crises sanitaires successives, aux problèmes de pollution, et plus récemment à la dénonciation de pratiques d’élevage et d’abattage ne respectant pas le bien-être animal. En réponse à cette détérioration d’image, des modes de consommation « alternatifs » se développent, allant du flexitarisme au végétalisme. Il faut cependant rappeler que sur le plan nutritionnel, en raison de la qualité de leur apport en protéines et minéraux (calcium, fer, zinc), et de leur spécificité dans l’apport en vitamine B12 et en acides gras polyinsaturés à longue chaine, la présence de produits animaux dans l’alimentation garantit une couverture optimale des besoins de notre organisme. Bien que souvent attaqués sur le plan de la santé, il faut également rappeler que les études épidémiologiques ne mettent pas en évidence d’effet négatif de leur consommation lorsque celle-ci est modérée (moins de 50 % de l’apport protéique journalier, moins de 500 g de viande rouge par semaine). Il est clair cependant que dans les pays occidentaux, une consommation excessive de produits animaux a pu déséquilibrer l’alimentation et favoriser l’émergence de pathologies non transmissibles. Aussi, pour les gros consommateurs de produits animaux, une réduction de consommation s’impose. Celle-ci entrainerait une importante réduction (– 30 %) de l’impact environnemental des productions animales. Un élevage respectueux des animaux, minimisant les émissions de gaz à effet de serre et les rejets azotés et maximisant l’utilisation de produits végétaux non consommables par l’Homme, associé à une consommation humaine raisonnable, garantira le maintien des produits animaux dans l’alimentation de demain.
L’évolution de la consommation de produits animaux en France : de multiples enjeux
Authors: CAILLAVET France , FADHUILE Adélaïde , NICHÈLE Véronique
Published: October 2019

La consommation de produits animaux est un enjeu crucial de la sécurité alimentaire mondiale. La consommation élevée de protéines animales en France est désormais au cœur des enjeux de la durabilité, confrontée à des recommandations publiques moins favorables, après avoir suivi lors des décennies passées une trajectoire croissante. Cependant de profonds changements ont eu lieu derrière cette évolution, aussi bien entre grandes catégories d’aliments qu’en leur sein, comme le montre l’analyse des données d’achat sur quatre décennies. Désormais dans un contexte de saturation des besoins en protéines, et en particulier d’origine animale, les ménages sont amenés à réorienter leurs modes de consommation. Des pistes d’incitation sont proposées via des simulations de hausses de prix dont on examine les conséquences en termes de durabilité, au niveau de la réduction des émissions environnementales, de la qualité nutritionnelle de l’alimentation, et des inégalités sociales. La combinaison de ces trois dimensions permet d’éclairer le débat sur la mise en place de politiques publiques durables.
La revue INRA Productions Animales dans la production scientifique en élevage et sciences animales
Authors: BAUMONT René , GIRARD Agnès
Published: October 2019

Depuis 30 ans, la revue INRA Productions Animales publie principalement des articles de synthèse sur tous les sujets concernant les productions animales à destination d’un large public d’utilisateurs des résultats de la recherche. À partir de la base de données « Web of Science ™ » (WOS) et dans le périmètre limité à la catégorie « Agriculture, dairy and animal sciences » dans laquelle la revue est indexée depuis 1997, cet article propose une analyse du positionnement de la revue dans la littérature scientifique internationale, européenne et de l’INRA. Dans une production scientifique multipliée par deux entre 1997 et 2017 dans cette WOS catégorie (9000 articles en 2017), le nombre d’articles publiés chaque année par l’INRA (environ 250) et par la revue (entre 30 et 35) est stable. La France est le 7ème pays contributeur derrière les USA, l’Inde, la Chine, le Brésil, l’Allemagne et le Canada. L’analyse lexicale de l’ensemble des références du WOS montre une grande stabilité des termes les plus fréquemment utilisés qui restent dominés par les problématiques de production. En revanche, l’analyse de l’évolution des publications montre clairement l’émergence et la montée en puissance des recherches menées sur les systèmes d’élevage, le bien-être animal et la sélection génomique, à la fois en Europe et à l’INRA. Au final, les recherches conduites par l’INRA dans le domaine des productions animales, et en particulier celles diffusées par la revue INRA Productions Animales, sont au diapason des recherches conduites à l’échelle européenne.
How Plesiosaurs Swam: New Insights into Their Underwater Flight Using “Ava”, a Virtual Pliosaur
Authors: Hawthorne Max , McMenamin Mark , De la Salle Paul
Published: October 2019

Analysis of plesiosaur swim dynamics by means of a digital 3D armature (wireframe “skeleton”) of a pliosauromorph (“Ava”) demonstrates that: 1, plesiosaurs used all four flippers for primary propulsion; 2, plesiosaurs utilized all four flippers simultaneously; 3, respective pairs of flippers of Plesiosauridae, front and rear, traveled through distinctive, separate planes of motion, and; 4, the ability to utilize all four paddles simultaneously allowed these largely predatory marine reptiles to achieve a significant increase in acceleration and speed, which, in turn, contributed to their sustained dominance during the Mesozoic.
TERAPI MUSIK MENURUT AL-FARABI PADA MASA DINASTI ABBASIYAH
Authors: Suryo Ediyono Ro Hani,
Published: October 2019

This study was intended to describe the functions and instruments of music during the Abbasid Dynasty and to describe music therapy according to Al-Farabi. The research method used is the descriptive qualitative method, where the data were technically collected using the library technique, then the data were analyzed based on the formulated problem, following after it describes the analysis results in the form of a written report. The data sources are the reference books related to Al-Farabi. The data of this study used Mūsīq Al-Kabīr, books, theses, journals related to the research. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the art of music began to develop rapidly during the Abbasid caliphate, and music can be used as a therapy for the soul, spiritual, and psychosomatic.
اكتشاف فعالية الوسائل التعليمية لتعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها في جمهورية إندونيسيا: الجامعة الحكومية مالانج بإندونيسيا نموذجا
Authors: Siti Sara bint Haji Ahmad Ahmad Yani bin Imam Shabari,
Published: October 2019

This study aims to identify the positive and negative sides of the applied Arabic learning media in Indonesia. The State University of Malang (UM) was chosen as a sample learning model since it has been a well-known university for the Arabic language and has considerable attention to Arabic language issues in Indonesia. This study was designed with quantitative and evaluative methods in the data display and analysis of this study. The researcher collected the research data by distributing questionnaires to both lecturers and students of the State University of Malang with regard to the learning media used, then the researchers evaluated the Arabic learning facilities with the Arabic learning communication approach to non-Arabic and applied the quantitative evaluative method. The results of the analysis concluded that the use of Arabic learning media at the UM Malang reflects both positive and negative sides.
Risk of Arterial Injury During Hip Internal Fixation
Authors: Jaipurwala Rizwan , Galea Michael , Hardidge Andrew
Published: October 2019

Background:

Injury to femoral arterial vessels is a risk with internal fixation of the hip. Understanding the anatomy of proximate vessels, particularly medial vessels not directly visualized, may reduce intraoperative and postoperative complications.

Methods:

We analyzed 47 patients (29 men and 18 women) using a computed tomographic (CT) angiogram of the lower limbs. The mean age of our patients was 69 years (range, 46 to 88 years). The distance from the tip of the greater trochanter to the profunda femoris and its perforators within 5 mm of the medial femoral shaft was measured along the length of the expected placement of typical dynamic hip screw constructs and other proximal femoral fracture fixation methods.

Results:

All patients were found to have 2 perforator vessels within 5 mm of the medial femoral shaft along the line of dynamic hip screw insertion (up to 200 mm from the tip of the greater trochanter). The first perforator was found at a mean distance of 112.6 mm (median, 110 mm) in women and at 123.4 mm (median, 122 mm) in men (p = 0.0066) from the tip of the greater trochanter. The second perforator appeared at a mean distance of 159.7 mm (median, 159 mm) in women and 178.9 mm (median, 180 mm) in men (p = 0.0028) from the tip of the greater trochanter.

Conclusions:

Surgeons should be aware of the presence of 2 arteries within 5 mm of the medial femoral shaft during femoral internal fixation procedures. We suggest avoiding the overdrilling of the medial cortex and the insertion of overlong screws along the femoral shaft from 110 to 120 mm in women and 120 to 130 mm in men (as measured from the tip of the greater trochanter) to prevent vascular injury during proximal femoral fracture fixation.

Clinical Relevance:

This article can assist orthopaedic surgeons in planning for procedures involving internal fixation of the hip and may reduce vascular complications from such procedures.
Outcomes of Total Ankle Arthroplasty in Ankles with >20° of Coronal Plane Deformity
Authors: Lee Gun-Woo , Lee Keun-Bae
Published: October 2019

Background:

A preoperative severe coronal plane deformity of >20° has been considered a contraindication for total ankle arthroplasty. We aimed to evaluate whether outcomes of total ankle arthroplasty in ankles with severe coronal plane deformity (20° to 35° of varus or valgus) are comparable with those with moderate deformity (5° to 15° of varus or valgus).

Methods:

A total of 148 consecutive ankles (142 patients) that underwent primary total ankle arthroplasty using the HINTEGRA prosthesis were included. The overall mean follow-up duration was 74 months (range, 24 to 160 months). We divided all patients into 2 groups according to the preoperative coronal plane tibiotalar angle: the severe group (36 patients, 41 ankles) and the moderate group (106 patients, 107 ankles). Clinical and radiographic outcomes were analyzed for intergroup differences, and multivariable regression was used to adjust for baseline characteristics. Patients in each group showed similar characteristics in mean age, sex, mean body mass index, and median follow-up duration.

Results:

At a mean follow-up of 74 months, we found no significant intergroup difference in the Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale pain and disability score, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score, Short Form-36 Physical Component Summary score, visual analog scale pain score, or ankle range of motion (p > 0.05). However, the final tibiotalar angle, talar tilt angle, and number of outliers were greater in the severe group (p < 0.05). Complication rates did not show a significant difference between the 2 groups (p > 0.05). The overall survival probability of the implant was 91.3% (92.3% in the severe group and 90.7% in the moderate group) (p = 0.354).

Conclusions:

Total ankle arthroplasty in ankles with preoperative severe coronal plane deformity showed satisfactory and comparable clinical outcomes without increasing complication rates relative to those with moderate deformity in the intermediate-term follow-up. Our results suggested that total ankle arthroplasty may be considered in ankles with deformity of >20°.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Ethics of Opioid Prescriber Regulations
Authors: Lajam Claudette M. , Cenname John , Hutzler Lorraine H. , Bosco Joseph A.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Opioid addiction affects patients of every race, sex, and socioeconomic status. Overprescribing is a known cause of the opioid crisis. Various agencies have implemented requirements and programs to combat practitioner overprescribing; however, there can be adverse ethical consequences when regulations are used to influence physician behavior. We aimed to explore the ethical aspects of some of these interventions.

Methods:

We reviewed various interventions for opioid prescribing through the lens of ethical inquiry. Specifically, we evaluated (1) requirements for educational programs for prescribers and patients, (2) prescription monitoring programs, (3) prescription limits, (4) development of condition-specific pain management guidelines, (5) increased utilization of naloxone, and (6) opioid disposal programs. We also evaluated patient satisfaction survey questions relating to pain.

Results:

The present analysis demonstrated that the following regulatory interventions are ethically sound: requirements for educational programs for prescribers and patients, robust prescription monitoring programs that cross state lines, increased prescribing of naloxone for at-risk patients, development of condition-specific pain management guidelines, improvement of opioid disposal programs, and elimination of pain-control questions from patient satisfaction surveys. However, implementation of strict prescribing limits without accommodation for procedure and patient characteristics may have negative ethical consequences.

Conclusions:

Although the importance of addressing the current opioid crisis cannot be understated, as surgeons, we must examine ethical implications of any new regulations that affect musculoskeletal patient care.
Long-Term Results of Total Knee Arthroplasty with Contemporary Distal Femoral Replacement
Authors: Wyles Cody C. , Tibbo Meagan E. , Yuan Brandon J. , Trousdale Robert T. , Berry Daniel J. , Abdel Matthew P.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Distal femoral replacement (DFR) is a salvage option for complex primary and revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Although excellent immediate fixation and weight-bearing are achieved, there is a paucity of data on long-term outcomes of TKA with DFR. The purpose of the present study was to determine implant survivorship, clinical outcomes, and radiographic results of TKAs with contemporary DFR components in a large series.

Methods:

We identified 144 consecutive TKAs performed with DFR for non-oncologic indications from 2000 to 2015 at a single academic institution. Indications for the index DFR included 66 (46%) for native (n = 11) or periprosthetic (n = 55) femoral fracture, 40 (28%) for staged treatment of periprosthetic joint infection, 28 (19%) for aseptic TKA loosening, and 10 (7%) for other indications. Porous metal cones were used to augment femoral fixation in 28 patients (19%) and tibial fixation in 38 patients (26%). Outcomes included cumulative incidence of revision and reoperation (utilizing a competing risk model), Knee Society scores, and radiographic results. The mean age at the time of index DFR was 72 years, and 65% of patients were female. The mean follow-up was 5 years (range, 2 to 13 years) for the 111 patients who did not undergo revision, had not died, and were not lost to follow-up.

Results:

The 10-year cumulative incidences of revision for aseptic loosening, all-cause revision, and any reoperation were 17.0%, 27.5%, and 46.3%, respectively. There was an increased risk of reoperation in patients who underwent index DFR for aseptic TKA loosening (hazard ratio [HR], 2.30; p = 0.026) or periprosthetic joint infection (HR, 2.18; p = 0.022) compared with periprosthetic or native femoral fractures. However, there was no difference in risk of revision for aseptic loosening or all-cause revision based on the original operative indication. The mean Knee Society score increased from 45 preoperatively to 71 at the time of the latest follow-up (p < 0.001). Radiographic loosening was observed in 8 unrevised DFRs (7%). There were 7 above-the-knee amputations performed at the time of the final follow-up, all for intractable periprosthetic joint infection.

Conclusions:

TKAs with contemporary DFR had high 10-year cumulative incidences of both revision and reoperation, underscoring the salvage nature of this procedure as a final reconstructive option. Most patients experienced substantial clinical improvements with this end-stage revision procedure.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.