bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enabling HIV self-testing in South Africa
Authors: Richter M L , Venter W D F , Gray A
Published: June 2017

In a South African context, we consider the implications of the United States Food and Drug Administration’s recent approval of the OraQuick HIV self-testing kit. We argue that current law and policy inhibit the roll-out of accurate and well-regulated self-testing kits, and create a loophole for sale in supermarkets, but not pharmacies.
Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis secondary to cotrimoxazole or tenofovir
Authors: Black J , Kruger R , Roberts R , Lehloenya R , Mendelson M
Published: June 2017

Cutaneous adverse drug reactions are a common complication of antiretroviral therapy and of drugs used to treat opportunistic infections. We present a rare case of acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis secondary to cotrimoxazole or tenofovir.
Overview of HIV-related lipodystrophy
Authors: Rossouw T Marie , Botes M E , Conradie F
Published: June 2017

Lipodystrophy is a well-recognised adverse effect of HIV and antiretroviral therapy, with certain antiretrovirals, specifically thymidine analogues, implicated in the aetiology and pathogenesis. Lipodystrophy is often accompanied by metabolic complications, such as hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance, which increase risk for cardiovascular disease. There are limited data on the effect of treatment modification, pharmacological interventions and surgical management on this condition.

Here we summarise the latest data on lipodystrophy, with the aim of facilitating informed decision-making in managing this condition. In light of the absence of cost-effective measures to treat lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy, prevention remains the best option; we recommend targeted annual screening. Healthcare workers should be sensitised to early detection in patients on thymidine-based regimens, and affected patients should be switched to an appropriate regimen as soon as feasible. There is no evidence to support the use of new-generation ARVs, except in patients with significant hypercholesterolaemia, where atazanavir and raltegravir may present better options.

S Afr J HIV Med 2013;14(1):29-33. DOI:10.7196/SAJHIVMED.871
Transitioning behaviourally infected HIVpositive young people into adult care: Experiences from the young person’s point of view
Authors: Katusiime C , Parkes-Ratanshi R , Kambugu A
Published: June 2017

Background. There is limited literature on the transition of young people living with HIV/AIDS (YPLHIV) from adolescent/young adult HIV care to adult HIV care in sub-Saharan Africa.

Objective. We aimed to share the experiences of HIV-seropositive young adults transitioning into adult care, to inform best practice for such transitioning.

Methods. We conducted a retrospective evaluation of the transition of 30 young adults aged ≥25 years from our adolescent/young adult HIV clinic at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, to adult HIV healthcare services between January 2010 and January 2012.

Results. Six major themes emerged from the evaluation: (i) adjustment to adult healthcare providers, (ii) the adult clinic logistics, (iii) positive attributes of the adult clinic, (iv) transfer to other health centres, (v) perceived sense of stigma, and (vi) patient-proposed recommendations. A model for transitioning YPLHIV to adult care was proposed.

Conclusion. Th ere is a paucity of evidence to inform best practice for transitioning YPLHIV to adult care in resource-limited settings. Ensuring continuity in HIV care and treatment beyond young adult HIV programmes is essential, with provision of enhanced support beyond the transition clinic and youth-friendly approaches by adult-oriented care providers.

S Afr J HIV Med 2013;14(1):20-23. DOI:10.7196/SAJHIVMED.885
‘Feedback: Where data finally get thrilling’ – tools for facility managers to use data for improved health outcomes in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Murphy J , Mershon C-H , Struthers H , McIntyre J
Published: June 2017

Data use and data quality continue to be a challenge for government sector health facilities and districts across South Africa. Led by the National Department of Health, key stakeholders, such as the Anova Health Institute and district health management teams, are aligning efforts to address these gaps. Coverage and correct implementation of existing tools – including TIER.net, routine data collection forms and the South African District Health Information System – must be ensured. This conference report provides an overview of such tools and summarises suggestions for quality improvement, data use and systematic evaluation of data-related interventions.
Perceived adherence barriers among patients failing second-line antiretroviral therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa
Authors: Barnett W , Patten G , Kerschberger B , Conradie K , Garone D B , Van Cutsem G , Colvin C KJ
Published: June 2017

Background. The recent scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage in resource-limited settings has greatly improved access to treatment. However, increasing numbers of patients are failing first- and second-line ART.Objective. To examine factors affecting adherence to second-line ART from the perspective of clinic staff and patients, assessing both individual and structural perceived barriers.Methods. Research was conducted at a large primary care tuberculosis (TB)/HIV clinic in Khayelitsha, a peri-urban township in Cape Town, South Africa. Participants were drawn from a Médecins Sans Frontières-run programme to support patients failing second-line ART. A qualitative research approach was used, combining multiple methodologies including key informant interviews with staff (n=11), in-depth interviews with patients (n=10) and a Photovoice workshop (n=11). Responses and photographs were coded by content; data were transformed into variables and analysed accordingly.Results. Staff identified drinking, non-disclosure, not using condoms and pill fatigue as barriers to ART adherence, while patients identified side-effects, not using condoms and a lack of understanding concerning medication timing. With respect to service delivery, staff identified a need for continued counselling and educational support following ART initiation. Patients were concerned about missing medical records and poor staff attitudes in the clinic.Conclusion. These findings identify discrepancies between provider and patient perceptions of barriers to, and facilitators of adherence, as well as of service delivery solutions. This highlights the need for on-going counselling and education following ART initiation, improved quality of counselling, and improved methods to identify and address specific barriers concerning medication adherence.
Analysis of queries from nurses to the South African National HIV & TB Health Care Worker Hotline
Authors: Swart Annoesjka Maria , Chisholm Briony Sue , Cohen Karen , Workman Lesley Jean , Cameron David , Blockman Marc
Published: June 2017

Background. Since 2008, the Medicines Information Centre (MIC) has run the South African National HIV & TB Health Care Worker Hotline which provides free information on patient treatment to all healthcare workers in South Africa. With the introduction of nurse-initiated management of antiretroviral therapy (NIMART) in the public sector, the need for easy access to HIV and tuberculosis (TB) information has increased, especially among nurses. The hotline aims to provide this, most importantly to nurses in rural areas, where clinical staff often have little access to peer review.Objective. To describe the queries received from nurses by the hotline between 1 March and 31 May 2012 and identify problem areas and knowledge gaps where nurses may require further training.Methods. All queries received from nurses during the study period were analysed. An experienced information pharmacist reviewed all queries to identify knowledge gaps.Results. During the study period, the hotline received a total of 1 479 HIV- and TB-related queries from healthcare workers. Of these, 386 were received from nurses, of which 254 (66%) were NIMART-trained. The most common query subtopic was initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) (20%), followed by adverse drug reactions (18%). The most common knowledge gap identified was the ability to interpret laboratory results before initiating ART (10%).Discussion. We conclude that the hotline is providing clinical help to an increasing number of nurses on the topic of treating HIV and TB throughout South Africa. In addition, queries directed to the hotline may assist in identifying knowledge gaps for the further training of nurses.
Within minutes from Mseleni to Cape Town …
Authors: Nelson Aurélie K
Published: June 2017

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The secrets of the green and white cards
Authors: Hagemeister Dirk Thomas
Published: June 2017

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HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy initiation at birth: Views from a primary care setting in Khayelitsha
Authors: Nelson Aurélie , Maritz Jean , Giddy Janet , Frigati Lisa , Rabie Helena , Van Cutsem Gilles , Mutseyekwa Tabitha , Jange Nomfusi , Bernheimer Jonathan , Cotton Mark , Cox Vivian
Published: June 2017

No abstract available
Guideline on the management of occupational and non-occupational exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus and recommendations for post-exposure prophylaxis: 2015 Update
Authors: Moorhouse Michelle , Bekker Linda G. , Black Vivian , Conradie Francesca , Harley Beth , Howell Pauline , Maartens Gary , Papavarnavas Tari , Rebe Kevin , Sorour Gillian , Venter Francois , Wallis Carole L.
Published: June 2017

This guideline is an update of the post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) guideline published by the Southern African HIV Clinicians Society in 2008. It updates the recommendations on the use of antiretroviral medications to prevent individuals who have been exposed to a potential HIV source, via either occupational or non-occupational exposure, from becoming infected with HIV. No distinction is made between occupational or non-occupational exposure, and the guideline promotes the provision of PEP with three antiretroviral drugs if the exposure confers a significant transmission risk. The present guideline aligns with the principles of the World Health Organization PEP guidelines (2014), promoting simplification and adherence support to individuals receiving PEP.
Antiretroviral therapy in children
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: June 2017

As a result of the present high cost antiretroviral therapy (ART) will be denied to the majority of HN-infected children in sub-Saharan Africa.
Profile: Ruben Sher - Remembering the beginning
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
New horizons in the treatment of HIV infection
Authors: Sanne I. M. , Venter W. D.F. , Venter W. F.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
A report back on more than four years of HIV/AIDS disease management in southern Africa
Authors: Regensberg L. D. , Hislop M. S.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
National antiretroviral treatment register - a necessity?
Authors: Wood Robin , Bekker Linda-Gail , Martin Des , Penhall Penny
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Scaling up the use of antiretrovirals in the public sector: What are the challenges?
Authors: Schneider Helen , McIntyre James
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Enrolment experience and the measurement of survival in a private sector HIV/AIDS disease management programme
Authors: Hislop M. S. , Regensberg L. D.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Looking back, looking forward
Authors: Bekker Linda-Gail
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
HIV/AIDS: The mirror in South Africa's face
Authors: Ramphele Mamphela
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Scaling up HIV testing in resource-constrained settings: Debates on the role of VCT and Routine ‘Opt-in or Opt-out’ HIV Testing
Authors: Strode Anne , Van Rooyen Heidi , Heywood Mark , Karim Quarraisha Abdool
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Initiating antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Maartens Gary
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Can we involve adolescents in HIV vaccine trials - can we afford not to?
Authors: Bekker Linda-Gail
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
When HIV clinicians prevent social scientists from accessing 'their' patients: Some ethical concerns
Authors: Nattrass Nicoli
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
The origins, evolution and outsourcing of HIV denialism
Authors: Kenyon Chris
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Debate - TB or XDR TB, should that be the question?
Authors: Black Andrew
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Public health priorities - The cost-effectiveness of HIV control: Getting the priorities right
Authors: Meyer-Rath Gesine
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Tribute - Remembering Ruben Sher
Authors: Sifris Dennis
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Positive prevention: HIV transmission risk reduction interventions for people living wiht HIV/AIDS
Authors: Kalichman Seth C.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of HIV in arrested, detained and sentenced persons
Authors: Davies Natasha , Haines Debbie , Hefer Eric , Reubenson Gary , Thomas Juno , Venter Franscois , Bulbulia Anwar , Berger Jonathan
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Transmission of HIV in the fighting arts
Authors: Verrier Caryl , Tuson Stephen
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Belief and participation with clinical physiotherapists in research
Authors: Hamzat T.K. , Amusat N.T.
Published: June 2017

Research is a major tool in updating professional knowledge and discovering of new techniques.  The relevance ofresearch to Physiotherapy in this era of evidence-based practice cannotbe over-emphasised.  This survey was carried out to investigate: a) thelevel of participation of Kuwait based clinical physical therapists (CPTs)in research (b) their research beliefs and (c) factors enhancing or hindering their participation in research.One hundred and five CPTs from seven Ministry of Health (MOH)Hospitals were surveyed, using a 21 - item structured questionnaire.Ninety-six of the 105 questionnaire forms were returned, 87 (90.6%) ofwhich were complete.  The results showed that 71 (81.6%) of the participants agreed that CPTs should engage in research and 79 (90.8%) believed that research would enhance practice.  While 75 (86.2%) claimed that readingPhysiotherapy journals has enhanced their practice, only 34 (39.1%) had ever participated in any research since qualifying as a basic physiotherapist. Only 6(6.9%) had scientific publications in professional journals and 34(39.1%) were regularly subscribing to professional journals.  Five factors were identified as hindrances to research.These were poor library facilities (80.4%), time constraints (86.2%), lack of research funds (74.7%), lack of equip-ment (71.3%) and lack of pre-requisite training in research activities (44.8%).From the results obtained in this survey, it can be inferred that the level of participation of Kuwait - based CPTs inresearch is very low.  Thus, implying that clinical observations are not being validated through research.  Acquisitionof new knowledge and updating on existing/methods/techniques through the reading of professional Journals is low.
Prescription rights for physiotherapists
Authors: Eales C. J.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available
Physiotherapists` knowledge of the transmission and prevention of communicable diseases
Authors: Grobler L. , Kleynhans N. , Lubbe A. , Smit T. , Retief C. , Victor D. , Bester C. J.
Published: June 2017

With the world-wide increase of communicable diseases, adequate knowledge by health professionals of the transmission and prevention of these diseases is essential to ensure effective protection.  The aim of this study was to determine whether practising physiotherapists’ knowledge of the transmission and prevention of tuberculosis, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS was adequate to ensure effective protection.A descriptive study was conducted.  One hundred and forty six practising physiotherapists in the Free State received questionnaires on which they had to indicate the relevant transmission and preventative measures for each disease. One hundred and three (70.5%) questionnaires were returned.  Points were allocated for the knowledge of transmission and preventative measures.  The medians with respect to transmission were: tuberculosis 83%, hepatitis A 58%, hepatitis B 67%, hepatitis C 75% and HIV/AIDS 92%.  The medians with respect to preventative measures were: tuberculosis 57%, hepatitis A 58%, hepatitis B 77%, hepatitis C 67% and HIV/AIDS 71%.  The knowledge of transmission was better than the knowledge of preventative measures.  An increase in the knowledge of practising physiotherapists in the Free State is needed to ensure their maximal protection against communicable diseases.
Sequential muscle activation in the hemiparetic arm
Authors: Mucha C.
Published: June 2017

This study investigated the chronological activation sequence of multiple joint movements of the hemiparetic arm in patients with central hemiparesis compared to healthy test subjects.Twelve patients with central hemiparesis and eight healthy control subjects were studied. First, in rapid abduction movement of the upper limb, the electromyographic activities of the middle part of the deltoid muscle, the brachial biceps muscle and the extensor muscles of the fingers, were registered. Second, in rapid flexion of the arm, the electromyographic activities of the ventral part of the deltoid muscle, the brachial biceps muscle and the superficial flexor muscles of the fingers, were measured. From the EMG data registered, activation duration, activation latency and the innervation sequence were determined and compared between the patient group and the control group. In the patient group, a significant prolongation of the activation duration was shown only in abduction. However, the activation latency was significantly prolonged in both movements compared to healthy test subjects. In the innervation sequences, a simultaneous activation was most frequently shown in healthy subjects. In healthy subjects, the deltoid muscle also usually functioned as leading muscle, whereas there was sometimes a shift distally to the brachial biceps muscle in the hemiparetic patients. The speed of rapid multiple joint movements in hemiparetic extremities seems to be unaffected in certain movements (anteversion), in others (abduction) it seems to be significantly reduced. This, as well as the fact that the activation latency is significantly longer in the hemiparetic limbs should be taken into consideration when choosing rehabilitation exercises.
Ethical issues relating to qualitative research
Authors: Jelsma J. , Clow S.
Published: June 2017

Qualitative research or naturalistic research has moved from the sidelines into the mainstream of health research and an increasing number of qualitative research proposals are being presented for ethical review Qualitative research presents ethical problems that which are unique to the intensive hands-on paradigm which characterises naturalistic research. This paper briefly outlines the most common methodologies used in this research. The four ethical principles of benevolence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice will be used as a framework to explore specific ethical issues related to this form of inquiry. The need for scientific rigour will also be explored as research that is scientifically unsound can never be ethical.
Nurses`knowledge of and attitude towards exercise as a treatment method for hypertensive patients
Authors: Grobler L. , Roets L.
Published: June 2017

Aerobic exercise is used in treating hypertension. Eventhough physiotherapists are the first choice in presenting exercise treatment, few are available to do so in primary health clinics. Nurses arepatients’ first contact and may be able to fulfil this role. Nurses’knowledge and attitude towards exercise as a treatment method for hypertensive patients was determined. This descriptive study included all nurses (n=67) working in 23 Bloemfontein clinics. Forty-three nursescompleted structured questionnaires that determined their knowledge of exercise as a treatment method. All nurses prescribed medication forhypertensive patients. Most nurses prescribed weight control (72.1%), diet control (76.7%), patient education (74.4%), and life-style modification (72.1%). Most (83.7%) nurses were aware of exercise as a treatment method for hypertension. Only seven nurses, prescribing a brisk walk, recommended the correct type of exercise. The nurses’attitude towards exercise as a treatment method was determined using focus group interviews (n=16). Nurses reflected a positive attitude towards exercise with 198 positive responses. Nurses could express more than one opinion, all of which were recorded. Twenty responses reflected little or no knowledge, and four responses reflected an unsure/neutral attitude towards exercise. Ten responses reflected disinterest in prescribing exercise. Nurses do not have adequate knowledge to enable them to confidently prescribe exercise to patients. The need for more information was mentioned and some nurses were willing to present exercise classes. A training program, containing pertinent information, so that nurses can prescribe exercise for hypertension, needs to be developed.
Effect of back school protocol on the referral rate of patients with low back pain to an industrial physiotherapy clinic
Authors: Odebiyi D. O. , Akinpelu A. O. , Olaogun M. O. B.
Published: June 2017

Back schools are educational programmes originally developed in a work place (Volvo factory in Sweden) for patients with back pain, to enable them to manage their own back problems better. ‘Back school’ was originally aimed at modifying the behaviours of patients with low back pain (LBP), with the view to prevent relapses. In an effort to encourage and stimulate the use of ‘back school’ among health workers in Nigeria, this study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a back school protocol in a Soap Making Industry in Lagos, Nigeria. One hundred and ten (110) workers of a Soap Making Industry in Lagos, Nigeria,  participated in this study. A pre-test, post-test experimental design was employed. The participants were divided into two groups - office workers and factory workers for the purpose of the training in the content of the back school protocol. The ‘back school’ consisted of classroom teaching and the use of two videotapes titled “lifting technique” and “back pain”. Data on demographic information, knowledge of back structures and back care were collected using a questionnaire with closed ended questions, which was completed before, immediately after and 8 weeks after the administrations of the contents of the back school protocol (Akinpelu and Odebiyi, 2004). The records of the factory’s clinic were also reviewed for the 12-months before and 12 months after the study. The mean values of the participants’ age, height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were 36.60 ± 9.10 years, 1.65 ± 0.10 m,69.13 ± 7.70 kg and 25.40 ± 3.30 kg/m2 respectively. The results showed that the 12-months prevalence of low back pain (LBP) among the workers was 71%. The result also showed that over 50% of the participants never had any  information or lesson on back care, and those that had some form of information obtained it by chance. There was 23% reduction in referral for care of back pain 12 months after the administration of the back school protocol. However, Chi square analysis showed that there was no significant difference (p = 0.23) between the number of  physiotherapy referrals to the factory’s clinic 12-months before the study and 12-months after the studyThe findings of this study suggest that the back school protocol was able to impart some knowledge (of back pain and back care) in the industrial workers. This knowledge seems to have assisted this group of individuals to cultivate good postural habits, particularly at work. This might have led to the 23% reduction in the reported cases of patients with LBP to the factory’s Physiotherapy Clinic.
A perspective on disability and rehabilitation
Authors: Mothabeng D. J.
Published: June 2017

This paper is written in honor of the memory of the late Jules Rothstein, editor in chief “emeritus” of the Physical Therapy (the journal of the American Physical Therapy Association - APTA) who passed away on the 27-08-2005. It is  fitting to dedicate a paper on disability to Dr. Rothstein, as he himself likened  disability with the identity of physiotherapy. A paper focusing on disability at this time might be the wake up call needed to make physiotherapists heed the African decade of the disabled person, which is more than halfway through. The paper highlights the problem of sparse evidence in rehabilitation and emphasizes the need for an evidence-based approach to rehabilitation. Practical suggestions for the implementation of EBP in rehabilitation using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability (ICF) as a framework are proposed. This paper is envisaged to enthuse rehabilitation physiotherapists to embrace EBP, so that their focus is redirected to the ‘eradication of disability’.
Tswana speaking South Africans’ understanding of pain scales
Authors: Yazbek M. , Stewart A. , Becker P.
Published: June 2017

Aim: The aim of this study was to establish the validity and reliability of the Tswanatranslations of three pain scales.Design: This was a cross–sectional study to validate and test the reliability of threepain scales.Participants:   One hundred subjects participated in the study. They were selectedfrom the back schools of five hospitals in the North -West Province of South A frica andfrom workers in these hospitals who were employed as kitchen workers, laundryworkers and cleaners.Method: Translation of the pain scales and the stages of cross-cultural adaptation were followed as recommended byBeaton et al (2000). Pain tolerance of the subjects was measured using a P.T.M. (pressure threshold meter). The painscales used were the V.A .S. (visual analogue scale) one (nought and ten only), the V.A .S. (visual analogue scale) two(nought through to ten), the W.B.F. (Wong-Baker Faces pain measure) and the V.R.S. (verbal rating scale).  The V.R.S.used came in two forms. The first form was written on cue cards which the subjects arranged in order and the second form was the questionnaire version of the V.R.S.The subjects were interviewed and asked five questions relating to their back pain. Upon completion of the interviewthe pressure threshold of the painful area (back) was tested. Subjects then filled in the three pain scales, namely the (V.A .S. one, V.A .S. two, the V.R.S. and lastly the W.B.F. pain scale). Approximately a third of the sample (37) was retested the following day following the same procedure asdescribed above. Results: There was no correlation between the pressure threshold meter readings and the pain scale measurements.  Conclusion: From the statistical analysis of the results, it became apparent that the subjects tested did not have anunderstanding of any of the three pain scales. Future research needs to be done in developing entirely different scales for peoples of low literacy and differentlanguage and cultural groups in South Africa.
Preoperative education for lumbar surgery for radiculopathy
Authors: Louw A. , Louw Q , Crous L.
Published: June 2017

To date no studies have been published on preoperative education forpatients who had lumbar surgery. The aim of this study was to determine if there is a demand for preoperative education for patients who had lumbar surgery for radiculopathy. A convenience sample of 47 patients who had lumbar surgery and a random sample of 141 physiotherapists involved in treating patients who had lumbar surgery completed a newly developed spinal surgery questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptiveand inferential statistical tests. Results showed that 100% of the patients and 99% of therapists view preoperative education to be an important component for lumbar surgery for radiculopathy. The most important factors identiﬁedfor inclusion in preoperative educational programs were reason for surgery, risks associated with surgery, limitations following surgery and more education regarding pain. The preferred method of education delivery was verbal one-on-one education. This study demonstrates that there is a demand for preoperative education for patients who had lumbar surgery.
The effect of exercising with manual compression foot pumps, on dialysis efﬁciency, in patients with end stage renal disease
Authors: Kern J. , Stewart A. , Becker P.
Published: June 2017

Aim: This study aimed to establish if exercising with manual compressionfoot-pumps, could be used as an intervention to improve dialysis efﬁcacy. A  pre test -post test design was used to test the intervention. Subjects were invited to participate in the study depending on whether they ﬁtted the eligibility criteria of the study. Eight weeks after entry into the study pre-test values of dialysis efﬁcacy (Kt/V ) were established prior to the implementation of an eight-week exercise programme followed by the collection of post intervention dialysis efﬁcacy values. Subjects performed seated heel raises with manual compression foot-pumps on their feet (Venous A nti-stasis Slippers) for 20 continuous minutes per hour for the ﬁrst three hours of their dialysis sessions (two or three times per week). Twelve subjects ﬁnished the programme. During the eight weeks of exercise an increaseof 8.7% was noted in Kt/V  values with a mean change of 0.12 (p=0.04). It appears that an eight week exercise programme using manual compression foot pumps (Venous A nti-stasis Slippers) may be effective in improving dialysisefﬁciency. These ﬁndings need to be tested in a study with an appropriate sample size.
The effect of upper extremity weight bearing on upper extremity function in children with hemiplegic type of cerebral palsy
Authors: Jayaraman P. , Puckree T.
Published: June 2017

The main objective of this study was to quantify the effects ofweight bearing on upper limb function in children with hemiplegic cerebralpalsy. This study also sought to monitor the change in spasticity immediatelyfollowing weight bearing exercises. A  quasi-experimental, one group pre-test,post-test design was used. Eleven children with hemiplegic type of cerebral palsyfrom a special school in KwaZulu Natal participated after fully informed consentof the caretaking guardian. The intervention consisted of a standardized programof weight bearing. The Melbourne A ssessment of Upper Extremity function wasused to quantify upper extremity function of reach, grasp and manipulation and the modified A shworth grading of spasticity was used to grade and monitor spasticity. The data was analysed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.  A  significant decrease in spasticity during elbow extension (p= 0,004), wrist flexion (p=0,026) and extension (p=0,004)was noted. Statistically significant improvement in function, reach (p=0, 00), grasp (p=0, 02) manipulation (p=0, 05)and overall quality of function (p= 0,003) was also found. A n overall significant effect of weight bearing exercises onupper extremity function was noted providing evidence for practice.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis and its impact on physiotherapy management: a case report
Authors: Schneiderman J. , Van Aswegen H. , Roos R.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this paper is to report on the modified physiotherapy intervention  for  toxic  epidermal  necrolysis  (TEN)  in  a 31 year old pregnant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive woman  on antiretroviral  therapy.  Physiotherapy  intervention  consisted  of  nebulisation  and  the  active  cycle  of  breathing  technique  in  order to  clear  secretions.  To restore  lung  volumes,  the  active  cycle  of  breath-ing  technique  was  utilized  in  addition  to  positive  expiratory  pressure,  incentive  spirometry  and  positioning. Passive  and  active  exercises and  stretches  were  employed  to  maintain  and  regain  range  of  motion in  affected  limbs.  Following  intervention, positive  changes  were  noted  in  outcome  measures  such  as  secretion clearance, breath sounds and general function. It is concluded that physiotherapy intervention has a role to play in the rehabilitation of patients with TEN.
Community service physiotherapists – what do they know about hiv/aids?
Authors: Mangrey A. , Naidoo L. , Naidoo T. , Puckree T.
Published: June 2017

Southern Africa  has  been  identified  as  the  heart  of  the  HIV/AIDS pandemic for more than two decades. At its heart lies KwaZulu Natal  with  more  than  a  third  of  its  ten  million  inhabitants  infected.  In  its effort  to  ensure  service  to  all,  the  South  African  National  Department  of Health  has  instituted  several  strategies  to  ensure  some  service  delivery to the rural and urban poor communities. One of these strategies was the introduction of community service in 2002, for physiotherapists and other health  care  professionals  for  one  year  following  successful  completion  of the University degree. In keeping with this, Physiotherapy curricula had to change with the changing needs of the increased demands placed on the new graduates. This study undertook to find out the knowledge, attitudes and experience of the 2004 community service physiotherapists in KwaZulu Natal with regard to HIV/AIDS in their community service year. Seventy-seven community service physiotherapists who serviced KwaZulu  Natal  in  2004  participated.  Of  the  59  contactable  subjects,  47  returned  their  questionnaires  and  only  44 were viable for analysis. The results showed that 100% of the participants had contact with HIV/AIDS patients during  their  community  service  year.  These  therapists  felt  that  a  physiotherapist  can  play  a  vital  role  in  the  care  of  these patients. Seventy five percent believed that their undergraduate programmes did not prepare them adequately to  cope with these patients in the community. However, their exposure to these patients improved their attitudes towards people with the syndrome. In conclusion although these young therapists started off being ill equipped, the exposure improved their ability to meet the challenges. This information is useful for curriculum development and transformation in physiotherapy.
Factors affecting length of hospital stay for people with spinal cord injuries at Kanombe military hospital, Rwanda
Authors: Bwanjugu PB , Rhoda A.
Published: June 2017

In patients with spinal cord injuries increased length ofhospital stay is often as a result of secondary complications such as pressuresores, urinary tract infection and respiratory infection. An increased lengthof hospital stay was observed at Kanombe Military Hospital in Rwanda.The aim of this study was to determine specific factors affecting length ofhospital stay for individuals with spinal cord injuries at Kanombe MilitaryHospital in Rwanda. The records of 124 individuals with spinal cordinjuries who were discharged from the hospital between 1st January1996and 31st December 2007 were reviewed to collect data. Information collected and captured on a data gathering sheetincluded demographic data, information relating to the injury, occurrence of medical complications and length ofhospital stay. Linear regression analysis was computed in SPSS to determine factors affecting the length of stay.The necessary ethical considerations were adhered to during the implementation of the study. Current employmentstatus and the occurrence of pressure sores were significantly associated with the length of hospital stay (p=0.021 andp=0.000 respectively). A strong relationship was noted between pressure sores and length of stay (R= 0.703). There is aneed for all members of the rehabilitation team to devise and implement effective measures to prevent the developmentof pressure sores, in patients with spinal cord injuries in the study setting.
The association between trunk muscle endurance and lumbo-pelvic stability in adolescent low back pain: A cross sectional study
Authors: Lewis F. , Wood W. , Olivier B.
Published: June 2017

Decreased trunk muscle endurance has been identified as a risk factor for adolescent LBP, and poor lumbo-pelvic stability has been found to be associated with LBP in the adult population. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between adolescent LBP, trunk muscle endurance and poor lumbo-pelvic stability. Design: A cross sectional study. Participants: 80 adolescents in grade 8 to grade 11, aged 12 to 17 years, at three high schools in Gauteng, who agreed to participate in the study. Method: Data was collected by means of a validated questionnaire and physical tests. The active straight leg raise test was used to record the lumbo-pelvic stabilising muscles. The Sorensen, Shirado and side-bridge tests were used to record trunk extensor, flexor and side flexor muscle endurance, respectively. Results: The results revealed a lifetime prevalence of LBP of 82.50%, one year prevalence of 78.80% and point prevalence of 23.80%. Adolescents with LBP demonstrated decreased trunk extensor muscle endurance but increased trunk flexor muscle endurance (p=0.044), compared to non-LBP adolescents. Poor lumbo-pelvic stability was not associated with adolescent LBP, but was associated with decreased extensor trunk muscle endurance (p=0.031). Conclusion: There was an association between trunk flexor muscle endurance and adolescent LBP, and between decreased trunk extensor muscle endurance and poor lumbo-pelvic stability. No association was found between LBP and poor lumbo-pelvic stability.
Approaches toward learning in physiotherapy
Authors: Keiller L. , Louw A.
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the approaches toward learning of undergraduate Physiotherapy students in a PBl module to enhance facilitation of learning at the Stellenbosch University, Division of Physiotherapy in South Africa. This quantitative, descriptive study utilized the revised Two-factor Study Process Questionnaire (r-SPQ-2f) to evaluate the study cohorts’ approaches toward learning in the module. results of the data instruments were analysed statistically and discussed in a descriptive manner. There were a statistically significant greater number of students who adopted a deep approach toward learning at the commencement of the academic year. Students showed a trend toward an increase in their intrinsic interest in the learning material as the module progressed. Students in the Applied Physiotherapy module (ATP) started to shift their focus from a surface learning approach to a deep learning approach. further research is needed to determine the long-term changes in approach toward learning and the possible determinants of these changes. This can be done in conjunction with the implementation of quality assurance mechanisms for learning material and earlier preparation of students for the change in the learning environment.
Ergonomic chair intervention: Effect on chronic upper quadrant dysfunction, disability and productivity in female computer workers
Authors: Hoeben C. , Louw Q.
Published: June 2017

AIM: To compare the effect of two ergonomic chairs on upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain and tension, disability and productivity among female computer workers in the office workplace.METHODS: A series of two N=1 studies were conducted using the A-B-A-C-A design whereby an intervention ergonomic chair was compared to a less adjustable control ergonomic chair using visual analogue scales (VAS) for pain and muscle spasm, the Neck Disability Index and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire. The female participants were assessed over the four week phases as they performed high intensity visual display unit work. The results were compiled and tabulated.RESULTS: Both the control and intervention ergonomic chairs showed a reduction in both the mean and variance of pain and muscle spasm. The second participant also showed an increase in productivity with both chairs.CONCLUSION: The introduction of an ergonomic chair shows a reduction in VAS intensity and frequency for pain and muscle spasm, as well as a reduction in variance of the symptoms. Both chairs showed a similar reduction in symptoms, thus indicating almost equivalent benefit from the use of both ergonomic chairs.
Effects of work status of patients with chronic low back pain on physical and mental health and functional limitation
Authors: Sokunbi O.G. , Nahid Y.S,
Published: June 2017

Concern about the decision of whether or not to continue to work with symptoms of back pain and the impacts of such decision of general health of patients with low back pain has not been widely investigated.
In vitro veranderinge in mitochondriale membraan potensiaal, aggresoom formasie en kaspase aktiwiteit deur `n nuwe 17-β-estradiol analoog in bors adenokarsinoomselle
Authors: Nkandeu Sandra , Mqoco Thandi V. , Visagie Michelle H. , Marais Sumari , Stander Barend A. , Joubert Annie M.
Published: June 2017

In vitro changes in mitochondrial potential, aggresome formation and caspase activity by a novel 17-beta-estradiol analog in mcf-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells. After a 24 hour exposure time, cells both apoptosis and autophagy were induced.
On the comparability of knowledge transfer activities – a case study at the German Baltic Sea Coast focusing regional climate services
Authors: Meinke Insa
Published: June 2017

Abstract. In this article the comparability of knowledge transfer activities is discussed by accounting for external impacts. It is shown that factors which are neither part of the knowledge transfer activity nor part of the participating institution may have significant impact on the potential usefulness of knowledge transfer activities. Differences in the potential usefulness are leading to different initial conditions of the knowledge transfer activities. This needs to be taken into account when comparing different knowledge transfer activities, e.g., in program evaluations. This study is focusing on regional climate services at the German Baltic Sea coast. It is based on two surveys and experiences with two identical web tools applied on two regions with different spatial coverage. The results show that comparability among science based knowledge transfer activities is strongly limited through several external impacts. The potential usefulness and thus the initial condition of a particular knowledge transfer activity strongly depends on (1) the perceived priority of the focused topic, (2) the used information channels, (3) the conformity between the research agenda of service providing institutions and information demands in the public, as well as (4) on the spatial coverage of a service. It is suggested to account for the described external impacts for evaluations of knowledge transfer activities. The results show that the comparability of knowledge transfer activities is limited and challenge the adequacy of quantitative measures in this context. Moreover, as shown in this case study, in particular regional climate services should be individually evaluated on a long term perspective, by potential user groups and/or by its real users. It is further suggested that evaluation criteria should be co-developed with these stakeholder groups.
Compreendendo os significados das interações entre profissionais de saúde e idosos usuários de medicamentos
Authors: Júnior Divaldo Pereira de , Marques Tatiane Cristina , Miasso Adriana Inocenti , Cassiani Sílvia Helena De Bortoli
Published: June 2017

O presente trabalho visa compreender e analisar os significados das interações entre profissionais de saúde (médicos e farmacêuticos) e idosos portadores de condições crônicas de saúde, na perspectiva dos usuários de medicamentos. O estudo foi realizado em uma unidade de saúde do Município de Ribeirão Preto, em agosto de 2003. Esta análise secundária teve como referencial o Interacionismo Simbólico e os dados das entrevistas gravadas, no trabalho original, foram submetidos à análise temática de conteúdo.  Os temas que emergiram demonstram que a ambivalência simbólica das interações permite diversas interpretações que vão desde o distanciamento e falta de confiança até a liberdade de expressão e o diálogo com o profissional de saúde. Compreender tais interações pode ser fundamental para melhorar o entendimento do processo saúde-doença, otimizar os cuidados à saúde e garantir o uso racional dos medicamentos.
Acidentes de trabalho com material biológico em hospital universitário de São Paulo
Authors: Galon Tanyse , Robazzi Maria Lúcia Do Carmo Cruz , Marziale Maria Helena Palucci
Published: June 2017

Pesquisa exploratória descritiva com o objetivo de identificar a ocorrência e as características dos acidentes de trabalho (AT) com exposição a material biológico entre trabalhadores de um hospital do Estado de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de levantamento documental dos registros de AT no hospital e posterior registro no protocolo eletrônico da Rede de Prevenção de Acidentes de Trabalho (REPAT). Os dados foram tratados com uso da estatística descritiva e apresentados em tabelas e figuras. No ano de 2006 foram notificados 94 acidentes envolvendo exposição do trabalhador a fluidos corpóreos no hospital. Considerando-se a proporcionalidade das categorias expostas, o instrumentador cirúrgico (18,75%), o auxiliar de enfermagem (7,78%) e o biologista (4,76%) foram as categorias mais vitimadas. A agulha hipodérmica foi o agente causador de lesão em 71,62% dos casos. Os AT ocorreram em maior freqüência na administração de medicamentos (32,97%) e na coleta de sangue (15,95%). Constatou-se a existência de dados parciais quanto ao uso de Equipamentos de Proteção Individual e a situação vacinal dos trabalhadores. Os resultados revelaram indicadores importantes das características dos acidentes e as lacunas de registros extremamente importantes para a elaboração de um programa preventivo eficaz para minimizar a ocorrência dos acidentes.
Entre o medo da morte e a confiança na recuperação: a experiência da família durante um atendimento de emergência
Authors: Girardon-Perlini Nara Marilene Oliveira , Pilatto Marisa Terezinha Stolz
Published: June 2017

O presente estudo visa descrever a experiência da família que tem um familiar atendido no pronto-socorro, a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória. O estudo foi realizado em um hospital localizado na região sul do Brasil. Os sujeitos são nove integrantes de famílias que acompanharam o atendimento de um familiar em uma situação de emergência ocorrida no mês de outubro de 2005 e que responderam a uma entrevista aberta. A análise temática de conteúdo orientou o tratamento dos dados, resultando em duas categorias analíticas. Uma refere-se aos sentimentos e dificuldades vividos pelos familiares em uma situação de atendimento de emergência, abordando o impacto da notícia para a família e os sentimentos que emergiram: medo da morte, insegurança diante do desconhecido e em relação ao prognóstico e ao futuro do familiar. A outra trata dos recursos encontrados pelas famílias para enfrentar a situação, em que se destaca a espiritualidade, a presença dos demais membros da família e dos amigos e o atendimento prestado pela equipe de saúde. O estudo permite concluir que a família, ao aguardar atendimento de emergência de um familiar, tem essa experiência marcada pelo medo da morte e a confiança na recuperação.