bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of recovery potential for the American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus): An application of the IUCN green status process
Authors: Smith David R. , Brockmann H. Jane , Carmichael Ruth H. , Hallerman Eric M. , Watson Winsor , Zaldivar‐Rae Jaime
Published: August 2023

According to an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessment (RLA), the American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus), an iconic coastal species, is at risk of extirpation in some regions within its range where small and vulnerable populations occur. However, the RLA does not consider future status beyond viability and does not attempt to identify the conservation necessary to effectively mitigate threats and recover the species to full ecological functionality. To aid in conservation planning for vulnerable species, the IUCN developed the Green Status of Species assessment (GSA) process to complement the RLA.

This paper describes the application of the GSA process to assess the recovery potential of the American horseshoe crab. First, specific Limulus populations within spatial units for conservation were delineated, and their statuses were defined based on viability and ecological functionality. Then conservation actions were identified that would promote recovery and affect their near‐ and long‐term population status under different conservation scenarios.

Horseshoe crab conservation has relied on, and will continue to depend on, effective harvest regulation. However, as currently conceived, conservation is not expected to mitigate habitat loss at the scale required to restore range‐wide ecological functionality, primarily because habitat loss is widespread and affected by climate change. Thus, the GSA results, while indicating that there is potential for near‐term recovery gains, reveal that long‐term recovery is in doubt owing to expected loss of habitat.

To conserve critical habitats for spawning and early life stages and achieve ecological functionality, it is imperative to identify and develop conservation plans at appropriate spatial scales. Unfortunately, such plans do not currently exist and need to be established. The GSA Green Score can then serve as a metric for monitoring recovery and gauging the effectiveness of conservation implementation.
Limitations of Fast Charging of High Energy NMC‐based Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Numerical Study
Authors: Jasielec Jerzy J. , Peljo Pekka
Published: August 2023

The aim of this work is to answer the question: how to realize high energy and high‐power lithium‐ion batteries. Lithium‐metal and graphite anodes with nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) cathodes of varying thickness are investigated with finite element modelling. The overpotential analysis is performed to pinpoint the source of losses and the possible ways to decrease them. The electrolyte overpotential, resulting from the salt concentration gradient and leading to saturation and depletion of lithium in parts of the cell is identified as the main factor causing poor specific capacity at high discharge/charge currents. The influence of various parameters, including concentration and transference number of lithium salt in the electrolyte, NMC particle size, electrolyte conductivity and the exchange current density, on the galvanostatic response of modelled battery cells is discussed. The increase of the transference number would improve the performance as this would decrease the electrolyte salt concentration gradient. Lithium depletion effect can be also minimized by elevating the initial electrolyte salt concentration, as well as by increasing the porosity of the cathode, particularly at the cathode/separator boundary.
The transition towards benefit corporations: What are the roles for stakeholders?
Authors: Riso Vincenzo , Tallaki Mouhcine , Bracci Enrico , Cantele Silvia
Published: August 2023

A benefit corporation (BC) is the legal status of an enterprise that embraces a dual‐purpose business model (BM) of maximising shareholder value while satisfying stakeholders' interests. The literature so far has focussed on the motivations beyond the birth or transformation of BC, the factors that can favour the emergence of BCs, and the results companies achieve after the transformation, as well as studies on the new BCs' legislation. Other studies have examined how the duality of purpose (profit vs. social benefits) can be composed, and the risks of a mission drift favouring profit maximisation in BCs. By drawing on stakeholder theory, this study aims to highlight the role of stakeholders in the process of transformation from a traditional for‐profit BM to a BC model. We adopt a qualitative approach through a longitudinal case study to observe the transition of a small‐medium enterprise into a BC. The results show how management and engagement practices coexist in the relationships with stakeholders and how an instrumental approach prevails.
TMSDNet: Transformer with multi‐scale dense network for single and multi‐view 3D reconstruction
Authors: Zhu Xiaoqiang , Yao Xinsheng , Zhang Junjie , Zhu Mengyao , You Lihua , Yang Xiaosong , Zhang Jianjun , Zhao He , Zeng Dan
Published: August 2023

3D reconstruction is a long‐standing problem. Recently, a number of studies have emerged that utilize transformers for 3D reconstruction, and these approaches have demonstrated strong performance. However, transformer‐based 3D reconstruction methods tend to establish the transformation relationship between the 2D image and the 3D voxel space directly using transformers or rely solely on the powerful feature extraction capabilities of transformers. They ignore the crucial role played by deep multi‐scale representation of the object in the voxel feature domain, which can provide extensive global shape and local detail information about the object in a multi‐scale manner. In this article, we propose a novel framework TMSDNet (transformer with multi‐scale dense network) for single‐view and multi‐view 3D reconstruction with transformer to solve this problem. Based on our well‐designed combined‐transformer Block, which is canonical encoder–decoder architecture, voxel features with spatial order can be extracted from the input image, which are used to further extract multi‐scale global features in parallel using a multi‐scale residual attention module. Furthermore, a residual dense attention block is introduced for deep local features extraction and adaptive fusion. Finally, the reconstructed objects are produced with the voxel reconstruction block. Experiment results on the benchmarks such as ShapeNet and Pix3D datasets demonstrate that TMSDNet outperforms the existing state‐of‐the‐art reconstruction methods substantially.
Improvement of Photocatalytic Degradation and Adsorption of Ciprofloxacin by Bismuth Oxyiodide
Authors: Hai Nguyen Thi Thanh , Tu Vu Van , Long Pham Hai , Hien Do Thi , Huong Ngo Thi Thu , Quynh Pham Huong , Phuong Nguyen Thi Thu , Viet Nguyen Minh , Thang Phan Quang
Published: August 2023

Bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) hierarchical structures were fabricated by the solution route at room temperature (BiOI‐R) and solvothermal synthesis (BiOI‐S) in the presence of KI and ethylene glycol to improve the photocatalytic and adsorption ability for the removal of ciprofloxacin from the aqueous environment. BiOI was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherm, UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy, and pH of the point of zero charge. It was observed that BiOI‐S has better adsorption and photocatalysis capacity as a result of having higher surface area, higher light absorption ability, and lower band‐gap energy than BiOI‐R. BiOI‐S exhibited good ciprofloxacin adsorption and photocatalytic degradation under visible‐light irradiation. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies fitted the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order models respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin by BiOI‐S followed a pseudo‐first‐order reaction based on Langmuir‐Hinshelwood kinetics.
A comparison of two performance portability metrics
Authors: Marowka Ami
Published: August 2023

The rise in the demand for new performance portability frameworks for heterogeneous computing systems has brought with it a number of proposals of workable metrics for evaluating the performance portability of applications. The aim of this article is twofold. First, we analyze the underlying principles of the criteria and definition of the revised Ⴔ metric and show that these principles are partially correct and suffer from a lack of a solid and clear performance portability model. We prove mathematically and demonstrate it practically that the principles are only correct for the architectural efficiency approach based on throughputs but are incorrect for the popular application efficiency approach based on run‐times. Second, we are examining whether the Ⴔ and metrics meet the requirements of consistency, proportionality, and lossless information. We use examples from the scientific literature to show the reader that the Ⴔ metric loses information while the metric and other metrics do not lose information.
Leveraging AI Advances and Online Tools for Structure‐Based Variant Analysis
Authors: Guzmán‐Vega Francisco J. , González‐Álvarez Ana C. , Peña‐Guerra Karla A. , Cardona‐Londoño Kelly J. , Arold Stefan T.
Published: August 2023

Understanding how a gene variant affects protein function is important in life science, as it helps explain traits or dysfunctions in organisms. In a clinical setting, this understanding makes it possible to improve and personalize patient care. Bioinformatic tools often only assign a pathogenicity score, rather than providing information about the molecular basis for phenotypes. Experimental testing can furnish this information, but this is slow and costly and requires expertise and equipment not available in a clinical setting. Conversely, mapping a gene variant onto the three‐dimensional (3D) protein structure provides a fast molecular assessment free of charge. Before 2021, this type of analysis was severely limited by the availability of experimentally determined 3D protein structures. Advances in artificial intelligence algorithms now allow confident prediction of protein structural features from sequence alone. The aim of the protocols presented here is to enable non‐experts to use databases and online tools to investigate the molecular effect of a genetic variant. The Basic Protocol relies only on the online resources AlphaFold, Protein Structure Database, and UniProt. Alternate Protocols document the usage of the Protein Data Bank, SWISS‐MODEL, ColabFold, and PyMOL for structure‐based variant analysis. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: 3D Mapping based on UniProt and AlphaFold

Alternate Protocol 1: Using experimental models from the PDB

Alternate Protocol 2: Using information from homology modeling with SWISS‐MODEL

Alternate Protocol 3: Predicting 3D structures with ColabFold

Alternate Protocol 4: Structure visualization and analysis with PyMOL
Single‐cell transcriptomics reveals prominent expression of IL‐14, IL‐18, and IL‐32 in psoriasis
Authors: Frost Bennet , Schmidt Maria , Klein Benjamin , Loeffler‐Wirth Henry , Krohn Knuth , Reidenbach Timo , Binder Hans , Stubenvoll Antonia , Simon Jan C. , Saalbach Anja , Kunz Manfred
Published: August 2023

Rationale

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease involving different cytokines and chemokines.

Objectives

Here we use single‐cell transcriptomic analyses to identify relevant immune cell and nonimmune cell populations for an in‐depth characterization of cell types and inflammatory mediators in this disease.

Methods

Psoriasis skin lesions of eight patients are analyzed using single‐cell technology. Data are further validated by in situ hybridization (ISH) of human tissues, serum analyses of human samples and tissues of a murine model of psoriasis, and by in vitro cell culture experiments.

Results

Several different immune‐activated cell types with particular cytokine patterns are identified such as keratinocytes, T‐helper cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts. Apart from well‐known factors, IL‐14 (TXLNA), IL‐18, and IL‐32 are identified with prominent expression in individual cell types in psoriasis. The percentage of inflammatory cellular subtypes expressing IL‐14, IL‐18, and IL‐32 was significantly higher in psoriatic skin compared with healthy control skin. These findings were confirmed by ISH of human skin samples, in a murine model of psoriasis, in human serum samples, and in in vitro experiments.

Conclusions

Taken together, we provide a differentiated view of psoriasis immune‐cell phenotypes that support the role of IL‐14, IL‐18, and IL‐32 in psoriasis pathogenesis.
Chelating resin encapsulation for reduced Pb leakage in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Qingrui , Lin Zhenhua , Xu Yumeng , Zhang Boyao , Guo Xing , Hu Zhaosheng , Hao Yue , Chang Jingjing
Published: August 2023

Although perovskite solar cells have achieved efficiency over 25%, the toxic of Pb content remains severe problem given its commercial prospect. Especially when the devices suffer harsh weather, the Pb content can easily leak out to soil and water. Chelating resins (CRs) exhibit excellent superiority in treating waste water in industrial field, since the functional groups in CRs can adsorb divalent metal ion to soften and purify waste water. Herein, an iminodiacetic acid (IDA)‐CR is introduced as encapsulation over perovskite solar cells for the first time. The IDA‐CR exhibits high surface area and excellent adsorption capability. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Pb leakage are studied, and the devices with encapsulation of IDA‐CR can detain over 90% of Pb compared with control devices without encapsulation after immersed in deionized water for 12 h even in acid situation or after heating. This IDA‐CR method provides a new strategy towards environmental and biological‐friendly perovskite optoelectronic devices.

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Association of dietary and blood inflammatory indicators with depression, anxiety, and stress in adults with vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Sharifan Payam , Darroudi Susan , Rafiee Mahdi , Toussi Mansoureh Sadat Ekhteraei , Sedgh Doust Fatemeh Najar , Taghizadeh Niloofar , Fazl Mashhadi Mohammad Reza , Ghazizadeh Hamideh , Mohammadi Mohammad Amin , Dabagh Ali Ebrahimi , Ebrahimian Arezoo Rastegarmoghadam , Yousefi Maryam , Esmaily Habibollah , Ferns Gordon A. , Soflaei Sara Saffar , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid
Published: August 2023

Background

There is growing evidence that vitamin D may be related to mental health. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of dietary and blood inflammatory factors with mental health disorders in subjects with vitamin D deficiency, shedding further light on the complex interplay of these conditions.

Method

In this cross‐sectional study, 306 subjects completed the validated Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale questionnaire to evaluate their depression, anxiety, and stress scores. Dietary inflammatory index (DII) and healthy eating index (HEI) were calculated using a validated 65‐item food frequency questionnaire. Blood samples were taken and vitamin D, cytokine, and hs‐CRP levels were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were calculated using standard laboratory methods.

Results

The subjects were divided into two groups based on their vitamin D levels: a vitamin D < 20 μg/dl group (N = 257) and a vitamin D ≥ 20  μg/dl group (N = 49). Between group analysis revealed that only DII (p = 0.015), platelet (p = 0.04), and hs‐CRP (p = 0.015) were significantly different. In adults with vitamin D levels below 20 μg/dl, NLR and DII were significantly higher in subjects with anxiety (p < 0.05), and this relationship remained significant only for NLR after adjusting for age and sex. Additionally, PLR and HEI were significantly different in depressed compared to non‐depressed subjects, and this association remained significant only for HEI after adjusting for age and sex.

Conclusion

In subjects with vitamin D deficiency, increased levels of PLR, NLR, and DII were associated with depression and anxiety, while HEI was negatively associated with depression. These associations were not found in subjects with vitamin D levels ≥20 μg/dl.
Overview of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in women and girls of reproductive age
Authors: Derman Richard J. , Patted Anmol
Published: August 2023

Over 50% of pregnant women are anemic and the majority of these are iron deficient. Micronutrient deficiency, the symptom of heavy menstrual bleeding in nonpregnant individuals, and loss of blood associated with pregnancy and obstetric delivery contribute to iron deficiency (ID). Poor outcomes with low maternal iron can affect not only the pregnancy but can also have major bearings on the offspring. Correction of ID and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnant and prepregnant populations with single‐dose intravenous iron supplementation may offer improved outcomes. A harmonization process that incorporates all major randomized controlled trials studying the use of single‐dose IV iron compared with oral iron may suggest actions for changing the global trajectory of ID/IDA for women and girls of reproductive age.
The importance of iron deficiency in pregnancy on fetal, neonatal, and infant neurodevelopmental outcomes
Authors: Georgieff Michael K.
Published: August 2023

The role of iron in neurodevelopment has long been recognized, and the adverse effects of early‐life iron deficiency on brain development and subsequent function across the lifespan continue to be a subject of research. A greater appreciation of the contribution of maternal preconceptional iron status and fetal iron accretion to offspring, postnatal iron status, and brain health across the lifespan has occurred over the past decade. This paradigm shift in thinking links two previously relatively siloed literatures: neonatal iron deficiency and postnatal iron deficiency. The understanding that iron accretion during the fetal period strongly influences postnatal iron balance has led to an appreciation of the importance and value of ensuring proper fetal iron loading. This article reviews the dynamics of fetal iron metabolism, the role of iron in the developing fetal brain, the short‐ and long‐term neurobehavioral consequences of fetal iron underloading, and the potential mechanisms that account for the long‐term effects of fetal/neonatal iron deficiency.
Evidence gaps for the global problem of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in women and girls of reproductive age
Authors: Abbott Jason A. , Munro Malcolm G.
Published: August 2023

The symptom of heavy menstrual bleeding and the frequently associated condition of iron deficiency (ID) individually and collectively adversely impact the lives of women and girls of reproductive age in various ways. The insidious but sometimes profound effects of periconceptual ID on the developing fetus may continue throughout the individual's life with consequences that are also felt by families, friends, and society at large. Unfortunately, in most instances, current healthcare policies are not designed to address the plethora of issues in a fashion that will result in meaningful improvement in health and other outcomes that affect both individuals and society. Identification and prioritization of the many evidence gaps will be an essential component of the strategy for change. This article identifies and describes the evidence gaps and provides direction for investigators and those involved in healthcare policy.
Pandemic‐induced income shocks and dietary diversity in India
Authors: Kaicker Nidhi , Gupta Aashi , Gaiha Raghav
Published: August 2023

The present study assesses the impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic‐induced income shocks on dietary diversity in India using eight waves of the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy–Consumer Pyramids Household Surveys data over the period January 2019 to August 2021. Using a two‐stage least squares panel regression model and a specification akin to difference‐in‐differences technique, our results suggest that an income shock of any magnitude reduced the dietary diversity of households across India, though the impact has been more severe in the rural areas compared to urban and during the first year of the pandemic compared to the second. The mediating role of household socio‐economic characteristics, pandemic indicators and food prices is also examined.
Understanding the impact of pediatric single large‐scale mtDNA deletion syndromes on caregivers: Burdens and challenges
Authors: Chappell McKenzie , Parikh Sumit , Reynolds Elizabeth
Published: August 2023

Single large‐scale mitochondrial deletion syndromes (SLSMDS) are ultra‐rare, progressive multi‐system diseases that make children largely dependent on their caregivers for both medical and non‐medical needs. Yet, few studies have examined the burden felt among caregivers. As part of a larger research study, 42 caregivers of children with SLSMDS completed two surveys to assess caregiver burden. The Mitochondrial Care Network Patient Needs Survey (MCN‐PNS) is a novel assessment that examines the logistical, time, and financial costs experienced by caregivers of children with SLSMDS. The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI‐22) is a validated assessment that examines caregivers’ psychological health. Results demonstrate the unique burden experienced by caregivers of children with SLSMDS. One notable finding was the high psychological burden. Nearly 90% of caregivers experience psychological burden, with 20% of caregivers at risk for anxiety and depression. Caregivers were primarily concerned about what the future held for their child. Additional burdens included the time required to coordinate the child's healthcare visits and financial strains. Caregivers reported minimal delays in establishing care with a mitochondrial care specialist and felt confident in their understanding of their child's disease and treatment(s). Overall, there is a need for expanded logistical, financial, and psychological support from mitochondrial disease centers and advocacy groups for caregivers of children with SLSMDS.
Varietal diversity as a lever for cassava variety development: exploring varietal complementarities in Cameroon
Authors: Takam Tchuente Hubert Noel , Fongang Fouepe Guillaume Hensel , Mbwentchou Yao Danielle Claude , Mathe Syndhia , Teeken Béla
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Cassava is an important crop for the survival of smallholder farmers in Cameroon. However, the cassava sector has a low production per unit area compared to the technological potential in this country. In this context, breeders have developed varieties based mainly on their potential in terms of yield and disease resistance. These varieties have been widely disseminated in Cameroon within the framework of development projects. However, these releases have not achieved the expected adoption and yield levels at the national level. Therefore, it appears important to rethink the determinants of dissemination with a broader examination of the cassava production system.

RESULTS

This paper analyses varietal complementarity as a key strategy in support of optimizing the experimental and continuous use of cassava varieties by farmers in the Central and Eastern regions of Cameroon. These two regions account for 50% of the country's production. A total of 111 semi‐structured interviews were conducted with farmers selected through purposive sampling in four villages in Central and Eastern Cameroon where improved varieties have been disseminated. The research revealed four types of complementarity, related to use, crop management, risk management and cultural complementarity.

CONCLUSION

Our results argue for considering varietal complementarities practiced by farmers, within research and development programs to develop more effective breeding and dissemination approaches. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Uncovering the gaps: A systematic mixed studies review of quality of life measures in extremity soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Hassani Mohammad , Mate Kedar K. V. , Turcotte Robert , Denis‐Larocque Gabrielle , Ghodsi Elaheh , Tsimicalis Argerie , Goulding Krista
Published: August 2023

The health‐related quality of life of patients with extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is not precisely captured by current patient‐reported outcome measures. Although functional impairment is central to their concerns, multiple sources of distress, emotional restoration, coping strategies, and somatic symptoms are crucial in approaching patients with extremity STS.
Novel extended mixed controller design for bifurcation control of fractional‐order Myc/E2F/miR‐17‐92 network model concerning delay
Authors: Li Peiluan , Peng Xueqing , Xu Changjin , Han Liqin , Shi Sairu
Published: August 2023

MiR‐17‐92 has a vital effect on the adjustment of the Myc/E2F protein in chemistry. In this work, we propose a novel fractional‐order delayed Myc/E2F/miR‐17‐92 network model that revels the relation between miR‐17‐92, E2F, and Myc. Taking advantage of Laplace transform, we obtain the characteristic equation of the established fractional‐order delayed Myc/E2F/miR‐17‐92 network model. By virtue of stability theorem and bifurcation criterion of fractional‐order dynamical equation, a novel delay‐independent condition guaranteeing the stability and the generation of bifurcation phenomenon of the involved model is acquired. By exploiting a proper extended mixed controller (including
controller and delayed feedback controller), we efficiently control the stability domain and the emergence of bifurcation for the the involved model. By utilizing another suitable extended mixed controller (including
controller and hybrid controller), we can successfully adjust the stability domain and the emergence of bifurcation for the the involved model. The research indicates that delay plays a vital role in stabilizing system and controlling bifurcation of the fractional‐order delayed Myc/E2F/miR‐17‐92 network model. Computer experiment results illustrate the scientificity of the gained key analytical outcomes. The acquired results in this research are totally innovative and own immense theoretical meaning in regulating the concentrations of different proteins.
Inertial and turbulent flow in hydro‐mechanically coupled KGD‐like fractures
Authors: Gee Bruce , Gracie Robert
Published: August 2023

Fluid flow in deformable fractures is important to many applications including hydraulic stimulation. Fracture flow simulations typically rely on the Poiseuille flow model which presumes laminar quasi‐steady‐state flow conditions with negligible inertia. The high flow rates involved in industrial applications bring these assumptions into question. The GG22 flow model is a new method to capture inertial effects and turbulent flow phenomena with a moderate increase in computational complexity. Here we develop and verify the first hydro‐mechanically coupled finite element – finite volume model for fracture flow which uses the GG22 model. We use the model to examine fracture flow between oscillating elastic plates and show that inertia may elicit phase‐shifts in the fluid response, larger fluid pressures and rock mass stresses, and induce wave‐like behaviour even in a quasi‐static rock mass. We then apply the model to hydraulic stimulation of a cemented fracture in both the viscous and toughness dominant propagation regimes and examine the influence of inertia and turbulence compared to Poiseuille flow. We demonstrate that inertial effects due to the variation of aperture are negligible in two‐dimensional KGD‐like fractures with constant injection rates. If the flow rates are large enough to invoke turbulent flow behaviour, then significantly different fracture propagation behaviour is observed. The modelling established in this article will serve as the basis to examine the role of inertia and turbulence in axisymmetrical radial fractures and dynamic stimulation with pressure pulsing where we expect the role of inertia to be more significant.
Investigating the protective effects ofElaeagnus angustifoliafruit extract on hematological parameters and damage of different tissues of male mice exposed to graphene oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Sayadi Mohammad Hossein , Fahoul Nazanin , Kharkan Javad , Khairieh Masoumeh
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects ofElaeagnus angustifoliafruit extract (EAFE) on hematology, biochemical parameters, liver enzymes and damage of different tissues of male mice exposed to graphene oxide nanoparticles (GO NPs). In this research, 48 mice were divided into six groups. Hematology parameters including red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), hematocrit (Ht), and hemoglobin (Hb), biochemical parameters such as cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, protein, albumin, creatinine and bilirubin, liver enzymes including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and histological damage of liver, kidney, lung and testis of mice were investigated. The results show that GO NPs in both concentrations (30 and 60 mg/kg/bw) decrease the number of RBC compared to the control group (p < 0.05). EAFE has no effect on RBC count while EAFE in combination with both concentrations of 30 and 60 mg/kg/bw GO NPs significantly (p < 0.05) improves the RBC count of mice. Also, the results show that EAFE improves the number of WBC, Ht, Hb, and biochemical parameters of mice exposed to different concentrations of GO NPs. A series of morphological changes were observed in the RBC of rats exposed to 60 mg/kg/bw GO NPs, including Dacrocyte, Poikilocyte and Schistocyte, which EAFE can improve the morphological changes caused in RBC. A series of histological damages such as degeneration and dilatation in the central vein in liver tissue, thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration in the renal capsule, peribronchiolar inflammatory cell infiltration and congestion in peribronchiolar blood vessels in lung tissue and decrease in the height of the germinal epithelium and a decrease in the population of spermatozoid cells in spermatogenic cells were observed in the testis of mice exposed to 60 mg/kg/bw GO NPs. The results show that EAFE can improve the damage caused by GO NPs in the liver, kidney and lung tissues, while it has no effect on the damage in the mice testis tissue. Therefore, GO NPs cause damage in the blood and different tissues of mice, and the use of EAFE can be effective in improving these damages.
Impact of an enteral nutrition holding guideline on daily nutrition goals in patients taking phenytoin
Authors: Webb Andrew J. , Avramovska Simona , Qualls Stephanie , Lo Carmen Kaman , Roberts Russel J. , Barra Megan E.
Published: August 2023

Background

Concomitant administration of enteral nutrition (EN) and phenytoin decreases phenytoin absorption. Concerns over impaired nutrition, however, may prevent EN from being held surrounding phenytoin administration. This study aimed to evaluate whether EN holding guidelines impacted nutrition goal achievement in patients taking phenytoin.

Methods

Adult patients administered enteral phenytoin for acute or chronic seizures while receiving EN during a neurocritical care admission 6 months before and after EN holding guideline implementation were eligible. Patients without phenytoin concentrations or a clinical registered dietitian assessment were excluded. The primary outcome was the percentage of nutrition daily goals attained before and after implementation. Secondary end points included the incidence of hypoglycemia, differences in measured phenytoin concentrations, and rates of therapeutic (10–20 mcg/ml) and high‐therapeutic (15–20 mcg/ml) concentration attainment. Concentrations were adjusted for hypoalbuminemia using the Winter‐Tozer equation.

Results

Fifty‐five patients representing 412 patient days and 1110 phenytoin administrations were included with 29 preimplementation and 26 postimplementation patients. Median percent attainment of daily EN goals was consistent preimplementation and postimplementation (86% vs 83%, P = 0.48). No significant change in rates of days with hypoglycemia was observed. Adjusted phenytoin concentrations were similar before and after implementation (14.1 vs 15.2 mcg/ml, P = 0.45), but the preimplementation cohort had a lower proportion of high‐therapeutic concentrations (23% vs 36%, P = 0.018).

Conclusion

Holding EN for phenytoin did not impact attainment of daily nutrition goals and was not associated with increased rates of hypoglycemia. This is the first study to evaluate the effect of EN holding on nutrition goals in patients receiving phenytoin.
Fetoscopic laser photocoagulation versus expectant management for stage I twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nassr Ahmed A. , Hessami Kamran , Zargarzadeh Nikan , Krispin Eyal , Mostafaei Shayan , Habli Mounira A. , Papanna Ramesha , Emery Stephen P. , Shamshirsaz Alireza A.
Published: August 2023

To investigate the outcomes of asymptomatic stage I twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (stage I TTTS) among patients treated with fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (FLP) versus expectant management. Databases such as PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were systematically searched from inception up to March 1st, 2022. The primary outcome was at least one fetal survival at birth and secondary outcomes included gestational age at delivery, preterm premature rupture of membranes < 32 weeks, preterm birth < 32 weeks, and single and dual fetal survival. Five studies were included in the meta‐analysis. There was no significant difference in terms of at least one survival (odds ratio (OR) = 1.40, 95%CI= (0.26, 7.43), P = 0.70), single survival (OR = 0.87, 95%CI= (0.51, 1.48), P = 0.60) and dual survival (OR = 1.63, 95%CI= (0.74, 3.62), P = 0.23) among FLP and expectant groups. Gestational age at delivery (mean difference = 1.19, 95%CI= (−0.25, 2.63), P = 0.10), the risk of PTB<32 weeks (OR = 0.88, 95%CI= (0.50, 1.54), P = 0.65), and pPROM<32 weeks (OR = 1.80, 95% CI= (0.41, 7.98), P = 0.44) were also comparable between the groups. Routine FLP of the placental anastomoses before 26 weeks of gestation is unlikely to be beneficial among asymptomatic stable stage I TTTS patients without cervical shortening as the procedure does not offer a survival advantage compared with expectant management.
Research on the reaction mechanism of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene resource utilization I: Formation of 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzoic acid in acetic acid with N,N′,N″‐trihydroxyisocyanuric acid catalyst
Authors: Zhang Guan , Li Jin , Liu Zongkuan
Published: August 2023

As an organic molecule catalyst, N,N′,N″‐trihydroxyisocyanuric acid can selectively catalyze the oxidation of the methyl group of waste 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene to generate 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzoic acid. This reaction can avoid environmental pollution by inorganic heavy metal catalysts. In this study, four reaction stages of this catalytic reaction were designed and validated computationally at the M06‐2X‐D3ZERO/6‐311G(d,p) level using the acetic acid solvent model. These validations include transition state searches, intrinsic reaction coordinate calculations, reactant and product optimizations, and frequency calculations. The final reaction network of 23 transition states shows that after N,N′,N″‐trihydroxyisocyanuric acid activation and common reaction, the network bifurcates into two stages: alcohol to carboxylic acid and aldehyde to carboxylic acid. Although the former stage releases about 155 kcal/mol of Gibbs free energy, less than the 177 kcal/mol from the latter stage, the overall reaction equation shows that the pathway including former stage does not consume the catalytically active substance IM_T2, which saves the energy required for reactivation and is thus more favorable. Furthermore, the key transition states in the reaction network include bimolecular substitution reactions and proton‐hopping transfer reactions. Analyses of their interaction region indicators and intrinsic reaction coordinate results demonstrate strong selectivity. Additionally, the energy barriers and heat releases of the latter are twice and 1.3 times greater than those of the former, respectively. In summary, this study elucidated two competitive reaction pathways and identified the more energetically favorable and selective pathway, and it provides useful insights for further optimization of industrial utilization of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene.
Pre‐culture with transferrin‐Fe3+ before in vitro maturation improves the developmental competence of porcine oocytes matured in vitro
Authors: Tonai Shingo , Nakanishi Tomoya , Yamaoka Manami , Okamoto Asako , Shimada Masayuki , Yamashita Yasuhisa
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Since the developmental competence of oocytes cultured after in vitro maturation (IVM) is low, it is necessary to improve the IVM method for efficient offspring production. In this study, we revealed that transferrin (TF)‐Fe3+ was accumulated in follicular fluid with increasing the follicular diameter, and that TF receptor (TFR1) was localized in granulosa cells of pig. Thus, we hypothesized that TF‐Fe3+ would be a factor in the induction of developmental competence of porcine oocytes.

Methods

To mimic the follicular development environment, cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured in pre‐IVM medium (low dose of FSH) without or with Holo‐TF (monoferric or diferric TF) or Apo‐TF (non‐iron bond TF). After pre‐IVM without or with Holo‐TF, COCs were cultured in IVM medium (high dose of FSH and EGF) without or with Holo‐TF.

Results

Cultivation with Holo‐TF increased the expression of follicular development maker (Cyp19a1 and Ccnd2), E2 production, and proliferative activity of cumulus cells, whereas cultivation with Apo‐TF did not show these positive effects. The treatment with Holo‐TF during pre‐IVM, but not during IVM, dramatically induced oocyte maturation with increasing the blastocyst rate.

Conclusion

We succeeded in showing for the first time that the cultivation with Holo‐TF in pre‐IVM can produce embryos in pig with high efficiency.
Robust stability/stabilization with variable convergence rate for uncertain impulsive stochastic systems
Authors: Li Yuanen , Zhang Huasheng , Xie Xiangpeng
Published: August 2023

This article researches the interval‐driven variable convergence rate robust stability/stabilization of uncertain impulsive stochastic systems. First, a new conception of variable convergence rate stability for uncertain impulsive stochastic systems is presented in conjunction with the idea of generalized pole configurations. Also, a new criterion for variable convergence rate robust stability/stabilization of uncertain impulsive stochastic systems is given, which can reflect and regulate the convergence rate of the system state. In addition, a new algorithm is designed by means of an interval‐driven stabilization method. This algorithm, combined with the variable convergence rate criterion, achieves accurate control of the convergence rate of the state at the operational level. Double instances are proposed to verify the superiority of the method.
Integrating Media Literacy Across the Content Areas
Authors: Korona Matthew , Hutchison Amy
Published: August 2023

Teachers must first acquire the necessary media literacy skills, strategies, dispositions, and pedagogy to impactfully integrate media literacy into their instruction. Furthermore, previous studies have suggested designing curricular resources as an effective form of media literacy professional learning. This case study examined how high school teachers of different content areas integrate media literacy into their instruction while participating in an online professional development course and how high school teachers applied the content from a media literacy online professional development course to design media literacy instruction. Findings indicated teachers made minor changes to their previous instructional practice, which indicated that participating in the online course led them to think about media literacy integration in new ways. Additionally, teachers applied the online professional development content by using media to build background knowledge, offering explicit media literacy strategy instruction and support, promoting independent practice at the intersection of content curricula and media literacy, and assigning media production to demonstrate content knowledge. Recommendations include equipping teachers with media literacy background knowledge, examining instruction stemming from media literacy professional development, and empowering teachers to design media literacy instruction through critical lenses.
18.1: Invited Paper: Efficiency, stability, and angular dependence of plasmonic PHOLEDs
Authors: Thompson Nicholas J. , Fusella Michael A. , Saramak Renata , Mundoor Haridas , Menon Vinod M. , Weaver Michael S. , Brown Julia J.
Published: August 2023

Until recently, organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) have
operated under the paradigm that the surface plasmon mode of
contacts is lossy and should be avoided. We proposed and
demonstrated a phosphorescent light emitting device (PHOLED)
which intentionally couples the emissive exciton to the plasmon
mode of a nearby metal contact to reduce the excited state lifetime
[1]. This, in turn, reduces the steady state exciton density and the
likelihood of destabilizing excited state interactions. We further
demonstrated that a nanoparticle‐based outcoupling scheme
extracts the energy coupled to the plasmon mode into air. In this
paper, we demonstrate that the plasmon based PHOLED can
exceed the efficiency of a conventional PHOLED while
simultaneously increasing the stability.
20.1: Invited Paper: Research on Oxide Thin Film Transistors for Wearable Sensors
Authors: Liu Xianzhe , Chen Ao , Zhu Weigang , Li Yan , Zhang Huiqi , Chen Youbin , Huang Aiping , Luo Jianyi
Published: August 2023

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, sensors as an important foundation in the era
of smart interconnection, have a significant potential in the emerging fields of smart home, wearable devices, and smart mobile terminals. Flexible sensor has been attracting a great attention due to its portability, miniaturization and long endurance.
The high consumption and signal crosstalk are urgent issues for the high‐integration sensing array. These issues could be effectively addressed by active‐matrix thin film transistors (TFT) backplane. In
this work, the feasibility of oxide TFT for flexible sensor was discussed, in which high‐quality oxi
de semiconductor films, oxide dielectric films, and
printing Ag electrodes and wires were investigated, respectively. The device performance of flexible
Si‐doped SnO2 TFT was optimized by modulating oxygen partial pressure, which could achieve a
relative good electrical properties at room temperature. To implement low‐consumption application, high quality of high‐k ZrO2 dielectric film was investigated by solution‐processed method. The dielectric properties of ZrO2 film with the mircowave‐as
sisted or deep ultraviolet irradiation‐assisted annealing process was similar to that of the thermal ann ealing process. The morphology and conductivity
of Ag electrodes and wires printed by electrohydrodynamic (EHD) inkjet printing technology were studied. High conductivity of Ag electrodes and wires was achieved at a low curing temperature. These results imply that oxide TFT has a significant
potential in the application of flexible sensor array.
23.1: Controllable Growth of Conjugated Polymer Monolayer: from Field‐Effect Transistors to Integrated Circuits
Authors: Ding Chenming , Lu Congyan , Li Mengmeng , Li Ling
Published: August 2023

The charge transport of planar organic field‐effect transistors
(FETs) occurs in the nearest molecular layer to the dielectric
layer. Therefore, organic monolayer FETs with two‐dimensional
transport properties have been widely studied, and is considered
to be promising for applications in bottom‐up integrated circuits.
Based on the semiconducting polymer PffBT4T‐2DT, we
fabricate the high‐performance monolayer FETs and unipolar
inverters. Resultant polymer monolayer FETs exhibited excellent
and uniform performance with a 107 on/off current ratio and
ultra‐low leakage current with a magnitude of 10‐12 A. More
importantly, the corresponding intrinsic gain of 1000 V/V is
achieved, which surpass Si MOSFET. Zero‐VGS inverters based
on these polymer monolayer FETs exhibit steep level transitions
with a voltage gain of 70 V/V, which is among the record for
inverters based on organic monolayer.
35.1: Promising Integrations of Antenna‐on‐Display (AoD)‐based Millimeter‐wave and Microwave Antennas for Cellular Phones
Authors: Huang Huan-Chu
Published: August 2023

This paper presents leading, innovative, and promising
integrations of AoD‐based millimeter‐wave (mmw) and (FR1)
microwave (mcw) antennas for cellular phones, which well
contributes to better compatibility between AoD‐based antennas
and displays and to more opportunities of AoD‐based antennas.
36.2: ADS Display Mode Gaming TV compatible with G‐Sync
Authors: Chen Dongchuan , Yang Tao , Zhang Zheng , Bo Lingdan , Liao Yanping , Lee Seungmin , Wang Zhangtao , Shao Xibin , Miao Yingmeng , Qu Yingying , Ma Wenpeng , Hu Pengfei
Published: August 2023

This paper study the impact of pixel voltage leakage and liquid
crystal flexoelectric effect on flicker with simulation and
measurement method. The impact rule of pixel architecture, TFT
voltage, electrode design, liquid crystal material, driving signal
and other factors is obtained, and the key factors under different
conditions are identified. The pixel design and liquid crystal
scheme under different conditions are proposed, and a strategy of
data voltage modulation at the blanking stage combined with
frequency‐wise ACC brightness compensation is established to
reduce flicker. Based on the proposed complete flicker
optimization strategy, flicker lower than ‐50dB is achieved on
55/65/75 inch 4K gaming products when switching back and forth
at 48/120Hz every 200ms, meeting the G‐Sync flicker standard.
38.1: Invited Paper: Research progress of high‐performance Metal Oxide for Micro‐LED
Authors: Yao Jiangbo , Peng Junbiao , Luo Chuanbao , Zhan Xiaojun , Zhou Kai , Zhang Lijun , Zhang Tingbin , Wu Yanyan , Zhang Xin
Published: August 2023

In this work, high‐mobility oxide backing‐plate with pulse‐hybrid‐modulation (PHM) driving circuit has been well applied in CSOT G4.5 production line. The self‐aligned top‐gate (SATG) thin film transistor (TFT) exhibits linear mobility over 30 cm2 V‐1 s‐1 , excellent Vth uniformity 0.3±0.2V and PBTS/NBTIS <1.5 V/h. The PHM driving circuit significantly improves the low‐gray uniformity and the color gamut shift of Micro‐LED (MLED) under low‐current density. In addition, a 19 inch spliced MLED panel has been demonstrated, in which color gamut >120% NTSC, pixel pitch 0.4 mm, contrast ratio >1000000:1, invisible border and splicer.
39.2: Invited Paper: First, Faster, Further: Competitive Advantage with Next‐Generation Materials Development
Authors: Winget Paul , Kwak H. Shaun , Dub Pavel , Abroshan Hadi , Giesen Dave , Li Jun , Cao Yixiang , Mustard Thomas J. , Duan Jianxin , Brown Christopher T. , Halls Mathew D.
Published: August 2023

We have entered a paradigm-changing era in the way chemists innovate. Many fields, such as automotive engineering and particle physics, rely today on accurate simulation before experimentation. In recent years, chemistry has entered a new phase of chemical solution design powered by a rich set of physics-based and augmented intelligence capabilities. This talk will present select case studies illustrating some of our latest physics-based simulation technology for developing and optimizing OLED materials. We will also introduce an enterprise informatics platform (LiveDesignTM) focused on chemical discovery, enabling multidisciplinary teams to amplify their development cycle with collaboration on a global scale.