bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics to evaluate the shelf-life of cloudy sonicated apple juice
Authors: Serva Lorenzo , Balzan Stefania , Bisutti Vittoria , Montemurro Filomena , Marchesini Giorgio , Bastianello Elisa , Segato Severino , Novelli Enrico , Fasolato Luca
Published: January 2019

Fresh products, such as cloudy apple juice, could be preserved from early spoilage through the application of non-thermal processes such as sonication. However, shelf-life analyses based on microbiological and sensory evaluations are expensive and time consuming. Few studies have applied near infrared spectroscopy to evaluate the quality and decay of apple juices. Here, a feasibility trial was conducted to study the spectral behaviour at 1300–2500 nm combined with chemometric approaches. The shelf-life was monitored during two experiments, a challenge test with juices inoculated with spoilage yeasts (inoculated non-sonicated (INS)) and then submitted to sonication treatments (inoculated sonicated (IS)), and a storage test to evaluate the spoilage on non-inoculated juices (non-inoculated non-sonicated (NINS)) and sonicated non-inoculated juices (non-inoculated sonicated (NIS)). These experiments were investigated at six different refrigeration times 7, 14, 21, 28 and 60 days. Two functions were modelled to describe the behaviours of the first principal component according to the storage time. In agreement with a previous chemical and sensory evaluation, this approach allowed us to highlight shelf-life end points of 7 and 14 days for non-sonicated and sonicated samples, respectively. Three different models were evaluated for classification purposes: (1) sonicated versus non-treated samples, (2) end-point shelf-life evaluation at seven days for the NINS and INS juices and (3) end-point shelf-life discrimination at 14 days for IS and NIS samples. A partial least square-discriminant analysis enabled a group classification with accuracy values ranging from 0.63 to 1.00. The application of a variable importance in projection index to interpret the wavelengths of the spectral features suggests a contribution of organic acids and lipids to the prediction of decay. A canonical discriminant analysis provided a clearer separation of samples according to the storage time, especially in relation to the two time thresholds of 7 and 14 days.
The Prevalence of Body Mass Index–Associated Chronic Diseases in Diverse Ethnic Groups in New Zealand
Authors: Halim Andrew Adiguna , Basu Arindam , Kirk Ray
Published: January 2019

The use of universal body mass index (BMI) cutoffs do not take into account variation in the association between BMI and health risk across diverse ethnic groups. We used the New Zealand Health Survey data collected between 2002/2003 and 2014/2015 to calculate the predictive marginal means of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after adjusting for demographic variables and health-related behaviors. Compared with European group, we found that Pacific had a lower prevalence of hypertension at a BMI of ≥35 kg/m2, and Māori had a higher prevalence of hypertension, T2DM, and cardiovascular diseases at higher BMI intervals. Whereas Asian had a higher T2DM prevalence compared with Māori, Pacific, and European at some BMI intervals. Using universal BMI cutoffs on the ethnically diverse population to compare obesity rates does not address the risk of chronic diseases associated with high BMI and may stigmatize certain ethnic groups.
Associations Between the Knowledge of Different Food Categories and Glycemia in Chinese Adult Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Xue Yuan , Zhang Xiao-Yan , Zhou Hui-Juan , Ojo Omorogieva , Wang Qi , Wang Li-Li , Jiang Qing , Liu Ting , Wang Xiao-Hua
Published: January 2019

This study aims to evaluate the levels of knowledge of different food categories and analyze the association between the levels of dietary knowledge and glycemia in Chinese adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A cross-sectional study design was adopted. A total of 334 patients with T2DM were recruited from six hospitals from July to October 2014 in China. The Diabetes Dietary Knowledge Scale was utilized to obtain dietary knowledge. The results showed the item examining knowledge of carbohydrates received the highest score, whereas the item examining knowledge of healthy fats received the lowest score. The item “nuts” ( B = −0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.38, 0.99]) was associated with the incidence of hyperglycemia. The item “foods when hypoglycemic” ( B = 0.42; 95% CI = [1.22, 2.07]) was associated with the incidence of hypoglycemia. There were different knowledge levels of different food categories in patients with T2DM, and these have implications for blood glucose control.
Party Facts: A database of political parties worldwide
Authors: Döring Holger , Regel Sven
Published: January 2019

Here, we present Party Facts ( www.partyfacts.org ), a modern online database of political parties worldwide. With this project, we provide a comprehensive database of political parties across time and world regions, link party information from some of the core social science data sets, and offer a platform to link political parties across data sets. An initial list of 4000 core parties in 212 countries is mainly based on four major data sets. The core parties in Party Facts are linked with party information from some of the key social science data sets, currently 26. From these data sets, we have included and linked about 15,000 party observations. Party Facts is an important step in developing a more coherent operationalization of political parties across time and space and a gateway to existing data sets on political parties. It allows answering innovative party research questions that require the combination of multiple data sets.
Some remarks about relative plausibility
Authors: Taruffo Michele
Published: January 2019

I submit a few remarks concerning some limits of the Allen and Pardo’s theory and about the validity of narrativism as a theory of judicial decisions. Moreover, I discuss disputable ideas of abductive inferences and of holistical decisions on the facts in issue. Finally I suggest the opportunity of dealing with the ‘maximisation of the weight of evidence’.
Optical analysis of flame inception and propagation in a lean-burn natural-gas spark-ignition engine with a bowl-in-piston geometry
Authors: Liu Jinlong , Dumitrescu Cosmin Emil
Published: January 2019

Heavy-duty diesel engines can convert to lean-burn natural-gas spark-ignition operation through the addition of a gas injector in the intake manifold and of a spark plug in place of the diesel injector to initiate and control combustion. However, the combustion phenomena in such converted engines usually consist of two distinct stages: a fast-burning stage inside the piston bowl followed by a slow-burning stage inside the squish area. This study used flame luminosity data and in-cylinder pressure measurements to analyze flame propagation inside a bowl-in-piston geometry. The experimental results showed a low coefficient of variation and standard deviation of peak cylinder pressure, moderate rate of pressure rise, and no knocking for the lean-burn (equivalence ratio 0.66), low-speed (900 r/min), and medium-load (6.6 bar IMEP) operating condition. Flame inception had a strong effect on the flame expansion velocity, which increased fast once the flame kernel established, but it reduced near the bowl edge and the entrance of the narrow squish region. However, the burn inside the bowl was very fast. In addition, the long duration of burn inside the squish indicated a much lower flame propagation speed for the outside-the-bowl combustion, which contributed to a long decreasing tail in the apparent heat release rate. Furthermore, cycles with fast flame inception and fast burn inside the bowl had a similar end of combustion with cycles with delayed flame inception and then a retarded burn inside the bowl, which indicated that the combustion inside the squish region determined the combustion duration. Overall, the results suggested that the spark event, the flame development inside the piston bowl, and the start of the second combustion stage affected the phasing and duration of the two combustion stages, which (subsequently) can affect engine efficiency and emissions of diesel engines converted to a lean-burn natural-gas spark-ignition operation.
Labor Camp Surveys in GCC Countries: Group Quarter Subsampling
Authors: Le Kien T. , Pancratz Stacy , Diop Abdoulaye
Published: January 2019

The Gulf Cooperation Council is a regional cooperation of six Middle Eastern countries—Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman. A common feature of these countries is the existence of many group quarters, usually called labor camps, a term used to refer to housing accommodations for unskilled migrants where nonrelated people live together. The camp size ranges from a few people to a few thousand people from many different countries who speak dozens of languages. Also, the camp size and the composition of residents inside the camps change relatively quickly as people move in and out of the camps as their labor contracts expire or project needs change. This article presents one way to subsample this dynamic population inside such labor camps. The technique was used in one survey conducted in Qatar, where more than half of the country’s population resides in labor camps.
A Purified Resin Glycoside Fraction from Pharbitidis Semen Induces Paraptosis by Activating Chloride Intracellular Channel-1 in Human Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhu Dongrong , Chen Chen , Xia Yuanzheng , Kong Ling-Yi , Luo Jianguang
Published: January 2019

Pharbitidis Semen has worldwide recognition in traditional medicine for the treatment of several illnesses apart from its purgative properties, and it is also reported to show anticancer effect. However, limited pharmacological studies are available on the extract or resin glycosides fraction of Pharbitidis Semen. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of the colon cancer cell cytotoxic effect of a purified resin glycoside fraction from Pharbitidis Semen (RFP). Our results showed that the RFP-induced cell death was mediated by the caspase-independent and autophagy-protective paraptosis, a type of cell death that is characterized by the accumulation of cytoplasmic vacuoles and mitochondria swelling. RFP significantly stimulated endoplasmic reticulum stress, inhibited proteasome-dependent degradation, and activated the MAPK signaling pathway in human colon cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we found that RFP activated chloride intracellular channel-1 (CLIC1) and increased the intracellular Cl− concentration. Blockage of CLIC1 by DIDS (disodium 4,4′-diisothiocyanato-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonate hydrate) attenuated cell death, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, suggesting that CLIC1 acts as a critical early signal in RFP-induced paraptosis. In conclusion, results obtained indicated that the cytotoxic effect of RFP in colon cancer cells was the outcome of paraptosis mediated by activation of CLIC1.
Effect of expansive agent and internal curing agent on crack resistance of C50 silica fume wet-mix shotcrete
Authors: Ning Feng Wei , Cai Yue Bo , Bai Yin , Chen Bo , Zhang Feng
Published: January 2019

High-strength shotcrete is always needed to strengthen rock support. However, it will reversely increase the crack risk. Crack normally goes against the durability and shortens the service life of shotcrete. The objective of this article was to improve the crack resistance of shotcrete with expansive agent and internal curing agent. C50 shotcrete with 10% of silica fume was taken as reference mix composition. Ring test and thermal stress test simulating actual temperature, relative humidity, and constraint were carried out to directly assess crack resistance. Restrained deformation, autogenous volume deformation, and pore structure were measured to study how expansive agent and internal curing agent resisted crack. The results indicated that 4% of expansive agent was enough to improve crack resistance of C50 shotcrete. It could fill internal pores and produce compressive pre-stress at earlier age which could be used to compensate shrinkage at later age. Furthermore, the crack resistance of C50 shotcrete could be further promoted when internal curing agent was employed together with expansive agent. The internal curing agent was able to reduce auto-shrinkage by decreasing the loss of internal relative humidity. In addition, it could also enhance the hydration degree of expansive agent, which would strengthen the role of expansive agent on resisting crack.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are bound and inhibited by anti-thymocyte globulin
Authors: Suk Lee Young , Davila Eduardo , Zhang Tianshu , Milmoe Hugh P , Vogel Stefanie N , Bromberg Jonathan S , Scalea Joseph R
Published: January 2019

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) inhibit T cell responses and are relevant to cancer, autoimmunity and transplant biology. Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) is a commonly used T cell depletion agent, yet the effect of ATG on MDSCs has not been investigated. MDSCs were generated in Lewis Lung Carcinoma 1 tumor-bearing mice. MDSC development and function were assessed in vivo and in vitro with and without ATG administration. T cell suppression assays, RT-PCR, flow cytometry and arginase activity assays were used to assess MDSC phenotype and function. MDSCs increased dramatically in tumor-bearing mice and the majority of splenic MDSCs were of the polymorphonuclear subset. MDSCs potently suppressed T cell proliferation. ATG-treated mice developed 50% fewer MDSCs and these MDSCs were significantly less suppressive of T cell proliferation. In vitro, ATG directly bound 99.6% of MDSCs. CCR7, L-selectin and LFA-1 were expressed by both T cells and MDSCs, and binding of LFA-1 was inhibited by ATG pre-treatment. Arg-1 and PD-L1 transcript expression were reduced 30–40% and arginase activity decreased in ATG-pretreated MDSCs. MDSCs were bound and functionally inhibited by ATG. T cells and MDSCs expressed common Ags which were also targets of ATG. ATG may be helpful in tumor models seeking to suppress MDSCs. Alternatively, ATG may inadvertently inhibit important T cell regulatory events in autoimmunity and transplantation.
The Mona Lisa Illusion—Scientists See Her Looking at Them Though She Isn’t
Authors: Horstmann Gernot , Loth Sebastian
Published: January 2019

If the person depicted in an image gazes at the camera or painter, a viewer perceives this as being gazed at. The viewers’ perception holds irrespectively of their position relative to image. This is the Mona Lisa effect named after the subject of Leonardo’s famous painting La Gioconda. The effect occurs reliably but was not tested with Mona Lisa herself. Remarkably, viewers judged Mona Lisa’s gaze as directed to their right-hand side irrespectively of the image zoom, its horizontal position on screen, and the distance of the ruler that was used for measuring the gaze direction.
The social imaginaries of data activism
Authors: Lehtiniemi Tuukka , Ruckenstein Minna
Published: January 2019

Data activism, promoting new forms of civic and political engagement, has emerged as a response to problematic aspects of datafication that include tensions between data openness and data ownership, and asymmetries in terms of data usage and distribution. In this article, we discuss MyData, a data activism initiative originating in Finland, which aims to shape a more sustainable citizen-centric data economy by means of increasing individuals' control of their personal data. Using data gathered during long-term participant-observation in collaborative projects with data activists, we explore the internal tensions of data activism by first outlining two different social imaginaries – technological and socio-critical – within MyData, and then merging them to open practical and analytical space for engaging with the socio-technical futures currently in the making. While the technological imaginary favours data infrastructures as corrective measures, the socio-critical imaginary questions the effectiveness of technological correction. Unpacking them clarifies the kinds of political and social alternatives that different social imaginaries ascribe to the notions underlying data activism, and highlights the need to consider the social structures in play. The more far-reaching goal of our exercise is to provide practical and analytical resources for critical engagement in the context of data activism. By merging technological and socio-critical imaginaries in the work of reimagining governing structures and knowledge practices alongside infrastructural arrangements, scholars can depart from the most obvious forms of critique, influence data activism practice, and formulate data ethics and data futures.
Assessing the Value of a Government Call Centre in India: A Case Study
Authors: Paul Anindita
Published: January 2019

Integrated information systems enable governments to provide better services to citizens. With the aid of such systems, citizens and service agents are able to communicate and resolve issues faster and with ease. The present study looks at an integrated information system employed in a government call centre in South India to gauge its value for the government and citizens. A holistic evaluation of the integrated information system was made in order to identify the impact on governance-centric values for citizen services. Analysis of call logs, process flows, citizen feedback and web-presence led to an understanding of aspects that disable better utilization of the integrated information systems for citizen-centric services. The call centre lagged in efficient resource allocation, agent utilization and process flow that are essential for creating value for the government by improving operations and processes. Citizen-centric values that were affected emerged mainly from the inadequateness in service quality and paucity of digital access. Resource utilization, process efficiency, higher participation by citizens through the digital medium and citizen satisfaction were seen as areas that could impact services offered to the citizens positively.
HIV Viral Rebound Due to a Possible Drug–Drug Interaction between Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide and Calcium-Containing Products: Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Kang-Birken S. Lena , El-sayed Dena , Prichard John
Published: January 2019

Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (E/C/F/TAF) is a potent fixed-dose, once-daily regimen for HIV-1 treatment and has rare emergence of drug resistance. We report a potential drug–drug interaction in 2 female patients both receiving treatment for HIV and cerebral toxoplasmosis: one case between E/C/F/TAF with calcium carbonate and a second case involving leucovorin as calcium salt. Both cases resulted in rise in HIV RNA levels and emergence of M184 V mutation and resistance to elvitegravir and raltegravir. To the best of our knowledge, these 2 cases are the first reports of rapid emergence of mutation from coadministration of E/C/F/TAF and calcium.
Genome-wide discovery of somatic coding and noncoding mutations in pediatric endemic and sporadic Burkitt lymphoma
Authors: Grande Bruno M. , Gerhard Daniela S. , Jiang Aixiang , Griner Nicholas B. , Abramson Jeremy S. , Alexander Thomas B. , Allen Hilary , Ayers Leona W. , Bethony Jeffrey M. , Bhatia Kishor , Bowen Jay , Casper Corey , Choi John Kim , Culibrk Luka , Davidsen Tanja M. , Dyer Maureen A. , Gastier-Foster Julie M. , Gesuwan Patee , Greiner Timothy C. , Gross Thomas G. , Hanf Benjamin , Harris Nancy Lee , He Yiwen , Irvin John D. , Jaffe Elaine S. , Jones Steven J. M. , Kerchan Patrick , Knoetze Nicole , Leal Fabio E. , Lichtenberg Tara M. , Ma Yussanne , Martin Jean Paul , Martin Marie-Reine , Mbulaiteye Sam M. , Mullighan Charles G. , Mungall Andrew J. , Namirembe Constance , Novik Karen , Noy Ariela , Ogwang Martin D. , Omoding Abraham , Orem Jackson , Reynolds Steven J. , Rushton Christopher K. , Sandlund John T. , Schmitz Roland , Taylor Cynthia , Wilson Wyndham H. , Wright George W. , Zhao Eric Y. , Marra Marco A. , Morin Ryan D. , Staudt Louis M.
Published: January 2019

Although generally curable with intensive chemotherapy in resource-rich settings, Burkitt lymphoma (BL) remains a deadly disease in older patients and in sub-Saharan Africa. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positivity is a feature in more than 90% of cases in malaria-endemic regions, and up to 30% elsewhere. However, the molecular features of BL have not been comprehensively evaluated when taking into account tumor EBV status or geographic origin. Through an integrative analysis of whole-genome and transcriptome data, we show a striking genome-wide increase in aberrant somatic hypermutation in EBV-positive tumors, supporting a link between EBV and activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA) activity. In addition to identifying novel candidate BL genes such as SIN3A, USP7, and CHD8, we demonstrate that EBV-positive tumors had significantly fewer driver mutations, especially among genes with roles in apoptosis. We also found immunoglobulin variable region genes that were disproportionally used to encode clonal B-cell receptors (BCRs) in the tumors. These include IGHV4-34, known to produce autoreactive antibodies, and IGKV3-20, a feature described in other B-cell malignancies but not yet in BL. Our results suggest that tumor EBV status defines a specific BL phenotype irrespective of geographic origin, with particular molecular properties and distinct pathogenic mechanisms. The novel mutation patterns identified here imply rational use of DNA-damaging chemotherapy in some patients with BL and targeted agents such as the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib in others, whereas the importance of BCR signaling in BL strengthens the potential benefit of inhibitors for PI3K, Syk, and Src family kinases among these patients.
A topological view of human CD34+ cell state trajectories from integrated single-cell output and proteomic data
Authors: Knapp David J. H. F. , Hammond Colin A. , Wang Fangwu , Aghaeepour Nima , Miller Paul H. , Beer Philip A. , Pellacani Davide , VanInsberghe Michael , Hansen Carl , Bendall Sean C. , Nolan Garry P. , Eaves Connie J.
Published: January 2019

Recent advances in single-cell molecular analytical methods and clonal growth assays are enabling more refined models of human hematopoietic lineage restriction processes to be conceptualized. Here, we report the results of integrating single-cell proteome measurements with clonally determined lymphoid, neutrophilic/monocytic, and/or erythroid progeny outputs from >1000 index-sorted CD34+ human cord blood cells in short-term cultures with and without stromal cells. Surface phenotypes of functionally examined cells were individually mapped onto a molecular landscape of the entire CD34+ compartment constructed from single-cell mass cytometric measurements of 14 cell surface markers, 20 signaling/cell cycle proteins, and 6 transcription factors in ∼300 000 cells. This analysis showed that conventionally defined subsets of CD34+ cord blood cells are heterogeneous in their functional properties, transcription factor content, and signaling activities. Importantly, this molecular heterogeneity was reduced but not eliminated in phenotypes that were found to display highly restricted lineage outputs. Integration of the complete proteomic and functional data sets obtained revealed a continuous probabilistic topology of change that includes a multiplicity of lineage restriction trajectories. Each of these reflects progressive but variable changes in the levels of specific signaling intermediates and transcription factors but shared features of decreasing quiescence. Taken together, our results suggest a model in which increasingly narrowed hematopoietic output capabilities in neonatal CD34+ cord blood cells are determined by a history of external stimulation in combination with innately programmed cell state changes.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The circRNA circAGFG1 acts as a sponge of miR-195-5p to promote triple-negative breast cancer progression through regulating CCNE1 expression
Authors: Yang Rui , Xing Lei , Zheng Xiaying , Sun Yan , Wang Xiaosong , Chen Junxia
Published: January 2019

Background

In recent years, circular RNAs (circRNAs), a new star of non-coding RNA, have been emerged as vital regulators and gained much attention for involvement of initiation and progression of diverse kinds of human diseases, especially cancer. However, regulatory role, clinical significance and underlying mechanisms of circRNAs in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) still remain largely unknown.

Methods

Here, the expression profile of circRNAs in 4 pairs of TNBC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues was analyzed by RNA-sequencing. Quantitative real-time PCR and in situ hybridization were used to determine the level and prognostic values of circAGFG1 in two TNBC cohorts. Then, functional experiments in vitro and in vivo were performed to investigate the effects of circAGFG1 on tumor growth and metastasis in TNBC. Mechanistically, fluorescent in situ hybridization, dual luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation experiments were performed to confirm the interaction between circAGFG1 and miR-195-5p in TNBC.

Results

We found that circAGFG1 was evidently up-regulated in TNBC, and its level was correlated with clinical stage, pathological grade and poor prognosis of patients with TNBC. The results indicated that circAGFG1 could promote TNBC cell proliferation, mobility and invasion as well as tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistic analysis showed that circAGFG1 may act as a ceRNA (competing endogenous RNA) of miR-195-5p to relieve the repressive effect of miR-195-5p on its target cyclin E1 (CCNE1).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that circAGFG1 promotes TNBC progression through circAGFG1/miR-195-5p/CCNE1 axis and it may serve as a new diagnostic marker or target for treatment of TNBC patients.
Determination of formation shear attenuation from dipole sonic log data
Authors: Qi Qiaomu , Cheng Arthur C. H. , Li Yunyue Elita
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Formation S-wave attenuation, when combined with compressional attenuation, serves as a potential hydrocarbon indicator for seismic reservoir characterization. Sonic flexural wave measurements provide a direct means for obtaining the in situ S-wave attenuation at log scale. The key characteristic of the flexural wave is that it propagates at the formation shear slowness and experiences shear attenuation at low frequency. However, in a fast formation, the dipole log consists of refracted P- and S-waves in addition to the flexural wave. The refracted P-wave arrives early and can be removed from the dipole waveforms through time windowing. However, the refracted S-wave, which is often embedded in the flexural wave packet, is difficult to separate from the dipole waveforms. The additional energy loss associated with the refracted S-wave results in the estimated dipole attenuation being higher than the shear attenuation at low frequency. To address this issue, we have developed a new method for accurately determining the formation shear attenuation from the dipole sonic log data. The method uses a multifrequency inversion of the frequency-dependent flexural wave attenuation based on energy partitioning. We first developed our method using synthetic data. Application to field data results in a shear attenuation log that is consistent with lithologic interpretation of other available logs.
Safe Handling of Hazardous Drugs: ASCO Standards
Authors: Celano Paul , Fausel Christopher A. , Kennedy Erin B. , Miller Tim M. , Oliver Thomas K. , Page Ray , Ward Jeffery C. , Zon Robin T.
Published: January 2019

PURPOSE

To provide 2019 ASCO standards on the safe handling of hazardous drugs.

METHODS

An Expert Panel was formed, and a systematic review of the literature on closed system transfer devices was performed to May 2017 using PubMed. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed, and Google Scholar were used to search for studies of medical surveillance and external ventilation/health effects of exposure to vapors to November 2017. Available standards were considered for endorsement. Public comments were solicited and considered in preparation of the final manuscript.

RESULTS

The search for primary research found no studies that addressed health outcomes as they relate to the identified interventions of interest. The ASCO Expert Panel endorses the best practices for safe handling of hazardous drugs as issued by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, US Pharmacopeia Chapter 800, and Oncology Nursing Society with clarifications in four key areas: medical surveillance, closed system transfer devices, external ventilation of containment secondary engineering controls or containment segregated compounding areas, and alternative duties.

CONCLUSION

The ASCO standards address the need for clear standards concerning safe handling of hazardous oncology drugs. More research is needed in several key areas to quantify the level of risk associated with handling hazardous drugs in current workplace settings where the hierarchy of controls is consistently applied. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/safe-handling-standards .
Exact Approaches for Network Design Problems with Relays
Authors: Leitner Markus , Ljubić Ivana , Riedler Martin , Ruthmair Mario
Published: January 2019

In this article we consider the network design problem with relays (NDPR), which gives answers to some important strategic design questions in telecommunication network design. Given a family of origin-destination pairs and a set of existing links these questions are as follows: (1) What are the optimal locations for signal regeneration devices (relays) and how many of them are needed? (2) Could the available infrastructure be enhanced by installing additional links in order to reduce the travel distance and therefore reduce the number of necessary relays?

In contrast to previous work on the NDPR, which mainly focused on heuristic approaches, we discuss exact methods based on different mixed-integer linear programming formulations for the problem. We develop branch-and-price and branch-price-and-cut algorithms that build upon models with an exponential number of variables (and constraints). In an extensive computational study, we analyze the performance of these approaches for instances that reflect different real-world settings. Finally, we also point out the relevance of the NDPR in the context of electric mobility.
Increasing the use of simulation in training
Authors: Higginson Helen
Published: January 2019

The focus of this paper is to explore the role and development of simulated learning within the apprenticeship assistant practitioner foundation degree programme. It will also discuss the challenge of influencing a change in practice within a competency-based learning programme.

In order to shape and develop a supportive, effective and indeed inclusive teaching strategy, the use of the simulated learning environment will be incorporated across a number of mandatory non-clinical modules, such as communication, group dynamics and principles of care, among others. The key aims and philosophy behind simulated teaching and learning are to improve competence, communication and confidence and ultimately patient safety within all healthcare environments ( Forrest et al, 2013 ).

The aim of this article is:

To provide a wider understanding of the simulated learning environment To give an overview of how simulated learning can be incorporated into non-clinical teaching modules To demonstrate how the concept of simulation can widen participation and allow students to experience and flourish in a non-traditional environment.
Lack of care? Women's experiences of maternity bladder management
Authors: Gutiérrez Verónica Blanco , Fader Mandy , Monga Ash , Kitson-Reynolds Ellen
Published: January 2019

Background

A healthy urinary system is vital to every woman's life, and the relationship between childbirth and bladder dysfunction has been well documented in the medical literature.

Aims

To explore women's bladder care experiences during the antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum periods.

Methods

An exploratory, descriptive research study with nine in-depth semi-structured interviews.

Findings

Thematic analysis showed three themes: ‘muddling through to earn “a badge of honour”’, ‘caring for a baby, but who cares for me?’ and ‘do you speak bladder language?’ with an overarching theme of ‘lack of bladder care’. Women's experiences reflected a lack of understanding, information, and promotion regarding bladder care, aggravated by the use of ambiguous language when professionals communicated with women about bladder health.

Conclusions

Bladder care was very limited for women during the antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum period although reports of urinary incontinence were frequent. Bladder care could therefore be characterised as ‘lack of bladder care’. Clinicians should become more proactive in delivering information and promoting bladder health during these periods but that attention needs to be paid to communication methods.
Celebrity pregnancy
Authors: Winter George F
Published: January 2019

From the Duchess of Sussex to the Kardashians, the pregnancies of women in the public eye come under increasing scrutiny, with ramifications for the rest of us, as George Winter explains
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities in Freeze-dried and Hot Air-dried Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) Extracts
Authors: Park Mi-Hye , Kim Bumsik
Published: January 2019

This study examined the effects of drying methods of Aronia melanocarpa on contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids, antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity. As a result, freeze-dried aronia extract (FDAE) significantly exhibited higher contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids (155.76 mg GAE/g and 105.70 mg QE/g) than hot-air dried aronia extract (HDAE) (134.93 mg GAE/g and 82.29 mg QE/g). Also, FDAE showed greater antioxidant activity than HDAE in both DPPH and ABTS. For anti-inflammatory activity, NO production from lipopolysaccharide activated RAW264.7 cell reduced at a dose-dependent manner in both FDAE and HDAE. However, reduction rate of NO production is higher in FDAE (62.7%) than in HDAE (33.5%). These results suggest that comparatively, freezedrying is a better method for preserving the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and of aronia.
Iskolaregény helyett „iskolanovellát”?
Authors: Szilágyi Zsófia
Published: January 2019

A Légy jó mindhaláligot mintha valamilyen sajátos tehetetlenségi erő tartaná bent a közoktatásban:1 a tanárok kisebb hányada boldogul vele jól a gyerekcsoportokban (bár vannak ilyenek is, ezt kár lenne tagadni), a gyerekek igen kis hányada sorolja a meghatározó olvasmányok közé (már ha egyáltalán képes/hajlandó elolvasni). Nem is szokás érvelni tehát mellette, ha mégis, akkor azzal, hogy gyermek főszereplője van, így nyilván gyerekeket kíván megszólítani, meg azzal, hogy emberemlékezet óta ott van a kötelezők között, miért kellene kivenni onnan.
Viral hepatitis C, first detected in pregnancy
Authors: Znovets T. , Baranovskaya E. , Zhavoronok S. , Anisko L. , Goshkevich E. , Shiptenko I.
Published: January 2019

Objective: to identify factors that promote infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) reproductive age women and the diagnosis of viral hepatitis in connection with reproductive function. Material and methods. The study included 178 pregnant women, of whom 80 women hepatitis C (HС) diagnosed during the current pregnancy (1 study group), 98 patients were aware of the disease until the present pregnancy (2 group comparison). Use the methods: immunoassay, molecular-genetic and statistical. Results. This pregnancy is planned in 62.5% of women in group 1 and 53.1% – group 2. Diseases, sexually transmitted infections, were found in a significantly greater number of women in group 2 (p = 0,034). There is a significant probability to identify HC during pregnancy in patients without surgery (p = 0.011) or with a history of trauma (p = 0.031). The mechanism of infection with HCV was not significantly set in 66.3% cases in group 1 and 46.9% – in group 2, at the same time as the probable cause of infection with HC a significant proportion of women reported execution of beauty treatments at home or in the salon (p <0.0001). The antiviral hepatitis C therapy with a known diagnosis of pregnancy to receive only 6.1% of women. A significant proportion of patients with HC co-infected with HIV, with a high rate of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection in pregnancy. Conclusions. Diagnosis of HC in women of reproductive age are often due to the need of clinical and laboratory examination according to clinical protocols with dispensary observation of maternity leave. The medical examination should include testing patients for the diagnosis of HC markers during medical examinations, treatment in hospital, people at risk.
Semiotyka dziwactwa
Authors: Hendrykowski Marek
Published: January 2019

The author assumes that the curiosity is a type of human expression. It can manifest in various languages and people’s behaviors, e.g.: verbal, mimic, gestural, costume and also by props, hairstyles, makeup etc. Regardless of differences between particular manifestations of the curiosity it is always semiotic. Freaks, eccentrics and weirdos disturb human community’s order and call into question established norms. They do that by their specific behaviors, appearances and individualism. They rectify, transform and change the social reality. The artistic curiosity not infrequently turn out to be the metaphor of an individual lifestyle (e.g. Witkacy, Dali). Freaks in the world of culture are not either savages or barbarians. They express themselves as well as they express their distance from the cultural system. In connection to this thesis, the author assumes that the curiosity is culture-producing.
Enhancing the anticoagulant profile of meizothrombin
Authors: Stojanovski Bosko M. , Pelc Leslie A. , Zuo Xiaobing , Pozzi Nicola , Cera Enrico Di
Published: January 2019

Meizothrombin is an active intermediate generated during the proteolytic activation of prothrombin to thrombin in the penultimate step of the coagulation cascade. Structurally, meizothrombin differs from thrombin because it retains the auxiliary Gla domain and two kringles. Functionally, meizothrombin shares with thrombin the ability to cleave procoagulant (fibrinogen), prothrombotic (PAR1) and anticoagulant (protein C) substrates, although its specificity toward fibrinogen and PAR1 is less pronounced. In this study we report information on the structural architecture of meizothrombin resolved by SAXS and single molecule FRET as an elongated arrangement of its individual domains. In addition, we show the properties of a meizothrombin construct analogous to the anticoagulant thrombin mutant W215A/E217A currently in Phase I for the treatment of thrombotic complications and stroke. The findings reveal new structural and functional aspects of meizothrombin that advance our understanding of a key intermediate of the prothrombin activation pathway.
Inferential Processes in English and the Question whether English has Modal Particles
Authors: Fischer Kerstin , Heide Maiken
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we ask whether English pragmatic markers may evoke similar inferential processes in discourse as German modal particles, studying alright/all right, already and then in more detail. Moreover, we investigate whether specific formal features are associated with these uses and thus whether there is any evidence for a productive modal particle category that can serve as a guideline for the creation and interpretation of modal particle uses of English pragmatic markers. Our analysis shows that even though evidence for a schematic modal particle construction is not conclusive, modal particle uses of pragmatic markers may be potentially widespread in English, and the inferential processes involved may be similar across languages.
O aprimoramento de conhecimentos populares por meio de oficina temática envolvendo a química do cotidiano
Authors: Santos Aline Joana Rolina Wohlmuth Alves dos , Lampe Leandro , Sangiogo Fábio André
Published: January 2019

O presente trabalho, desenvolvido em uma escola pública estadual da cidade de Pelotas/RS, com público-alvo sendo os estudantes do 1º ano do Ensino Médio, assume como objetivo discutir a cultura popular atrelada a conceitos químicos a respeito dos Fogos de Artifício, dando ênfase às contribuições acerca dos conhecimentos abordados e aprimorados na oficina intitulada “Fogos de Artifício”. Esta oficina foi elaborada e desenvolvida pelo Projeto de Extensão TRANSFERE, que desde o ano de 2014 busca estabelecer relação entre situações do cotidiano dos estudantes com conceitos de química, com temas que surgem da demanda escolar. Com resultados que apontam para contribuições na promoção e mediação de saberes, a partir da interação entre universidade e escola, por meio de Projeto TRANSFERE, a oficina foi realizada com sucesso, sendo esta uma das várias já realizadas pelo grupo e disponíveis no Site do Projeto TRANSFERE (http://projetotransfere.wixsite.com/projetotransfere).
Temperoammonic Stimulation Depotentiates Schaffer Collateral LTP via p38 MAPK Downstream of Adenosine A1 Receptors
Authors: Izumi Yukitoshi , Zorumski Charles F.
Published: January 2019

We previously found that low-frequency stimulation of direct temperoammonic (TA) inputs to hippocampal area CA1 depotentiates previously established long-term potentiation in the Schaffer collateral (SC) pathway through complex signaling involving dopamine, endocannabinoids, neuregulin-1, GABA, and adenosine, with adenosine being the most distal modulator identified to date. In the present studies, we examined mechanisms contributing to the effects of adenosine in hippocampal slices from male albino rats. We found that extracellular conversion of ATP to adenosine via an ectonucleotidase contributes significantly to TA-mediated SC depotentiation and the depotentiation resulting from block of adenosine transport. Adenosine-mediated SC depotentiation does not involve activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase, serine phosphatases, or nitric oxide synthase, unlike homosynaptic SC depotentiation. Rather, adenosine-induced depotentiation is inhibited by specific antagonists of p38 MAPK, but not by a structural analog that does not inhibit p38. Additionally, using antagonists with relative selectivity for p38 subtypes, it appears that TA-induced SC depotentiation most likely involves p38 MAPK β. These findings have implications for understanding the role of adenosine and other extrahippocampal and intrahippocampal modulators in regulating SC synaptic function and the contributions of these modulators to the cognitive dysfunction associated with neuropsychiatric illnesses.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLow-frequency stimulation of temperoammonic (TA) inputs to stratum lacunosum moleculare of hippocampal area CA1 heterosynaptically depotentiates long-term potentiation of Schaffer collateral (SC) synapses. TA-induced SC depotentiation involves complex signaling including dopamine, endocannabinoids, GABA, and adenosine, with adenosine serving as the most downstream messenger in the cascade identified to date. The present results indicate that TA-induced depotentiation requires intact inputs from entorhinal cortex and that adenosine ultimately drives depotentiation via activation of p38 MAPK. These studies have implications for understanding the cognitive dysfunction of psychiatric illnesses and certain abused drugs.
PKMζ Inhibition Disrupts Reconsolidation and Erases Object Recognition Memory
Authors: Rossato Janine I. , Gonzalez Maria Carolina , Radiske Andressa , Apolinário Gênedy , Conde-Ocazionez Sergio , Bevilaqua Lia R. , Cammarota Martín
Published: January 2019

Object recognition memory (ORM) confers the ability to discriminate the familiarity of previously encountered items. Reconsolidation is the process by which reactivated memories become labile and susceptible to modifications. The hippocampus is specifically engaged in reconsolidation to integrate new information into the original ORM through a mechanism involving activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling and induction of LTP. It is known that BDNF can control LTP maintenance through protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ), an atypical protein kinase C isoform that is thought to sustain memory storage by modulating glutamatergic neurotransmission. However, the potential involvement of PKMζ in ORM reconsolidation has never been studied. Using a novel ORM task combined with pharmacological, biochemical, and electrophysiological tools, we found that hippocampal PKMζ is essential to update ORM through reconsolidation, but not to maintain the inactive recognition memory trace stored over time, in adult male Wistar rats. Our results also indicate that hippocampal PKMζ acts downstream of BDNF and controls AMPAR synaptic insertion to elicit reconsolidation and suggest that blocking PKMζ activity during this process deletes active ORM.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTObject recognition memory (ORM) is essential to remember facts and events. Reconsolidation integrates new information into ORM through changes in hippocampal plasticity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. In turn, BDNF enhances synaptic efficacy through protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ), which might preserve memory. Here, we present evidence that hippocampal PKMζ acts downstream of BDNF to regulate AMPAR recycling during ORM reconsolidation and show that this kinase is essential to update the reactivated recognition memory trace, but not to consolidate or maintain an inactive ORM. We also demonstrate that the amnesia provoked by disrupting ORM reconsolidation through PKMζ inhibition is due to memory erasure and not to retrieval failure.
Predicting Search Performance in Heterogeneous Scenes: Quantifying the Impact of Homogeneity Effects in Efficient Search
Authors: Lleras Alejandro , Wang Zhiyuan , Madison Anna , Buetti Simona
Published: January 2019

Recently, Wang, Buetti and Lleras (2017) developed an equation to predict search performance in heterogeneous visual search scenes (i.e., multiple types of non-target objects simultaneously present) based on parameters observed when participants perform search in homogeneous scenes (i.e., when all non-target objects are identical to one another). The equation was based on a computational model where every item in the display is processed with unlimited capacity and independently of one another, with the goal of determining whether the item is likely to be a target or not. The model was tested in two experiments using real-world objects. Here, we extend those findings by testing the predictive power of the equation to simpler objects. Further, we compare the model’s performance under two stimulus arrangements: spatially-intermixed (items randomly placed around the scene) and spatially-segregated displays (identical items presented near each other). This comparison allowed us to isolate and quantify the facilitatory effect of processing displays that contain identical items (homogeneity facilitation), a factor that improves performance in visual search above-and-beyond target-distractor dissimilarity. The results suggest that homogeneity facilitation effects in search arise from local item-to-item interaction (rather than by rejecting items as “groups”) and that the strength of those interactions might be determined by stimulus complexity (with simpler stimuli producing stronger interactions and thus, stronger homogeneity facilitation effects).