bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combating Greenhouse Effects through Biomass Gasification: A Focus on Kinetic Modeling of Combustion and Gasification Zones
Authors: J. Ojolo Sunday , G. Sobamowo Musbau
Published: May 2021

The prevalent challenges of global warming, food security, food production, crop production systems, environment control called for consideration and better utilization of green energy system such as biomass. The advanced thermo-chemical conversion of the renewable energy source which is aimed at production of optimal yield of energy has not been well understood. In order to have better physical insights into the detailed structure of the biomass burning process inside a solid bed, the kinetics of the biomass combustion and gasification must be properly analyzed. Consequently, improved kinetic models of the combustion and gasification zones in the thermochemical conversion system are very required. Therefore, the present study focuses on the development of improved kinetic modeling of the combustion and gasification zones in the biomass gasification system. The performance of the biomass gasifier system is evaluated through the equivalence ratio, the syngas composition, cold gas efficiency and lower heating value. Also, the effects of the equivalent ratio on gas compositions, the gasifier performance and the low heating value of the biomass are analyzed. From the analysis, it is established that the concentration of CO, H2 and CH4 in the gasifier decrease as the equivalence ratio increases. However, CO2 concentration increases with an increase in the equivalence ratio. The cold efficiency and LHV decreases as the equivalence ratio increases while the gas yield increases with an increase in the equivalence ratio. The quantity of gas produced increases as the amount of oxygen consumed increases. Also, the ratio of CO/CO2 decreases as the temperature of the reduction zone increases. Such analysis as presented in this work, is very useful as a time-saving and cost-effective tool for designing and optimizing the biomass gasifier. Therefore, it is evident that this work will play a significant role in the system design including analysis of the distribution of products and ash deposit in the downdraft gasifiers.
Why Cleveland Still Matters: Connections with a New Era
Authors: Bacon Heather , Richardson Susan
Published: May 2021

This chapter explores the lasting impact of 1987 Cleveland child abuse crisis in the UK in which 127 children were diagnosed by two paediatricians as having been sexually abused. It highlights how this resulted in tensions, misunderstandings and stresses in the interface between the public and the child protection system, and persistent challenges of creating and sustaining a successful multidisciplinary approach to intervention and protection. It argues that the experience in Cleveland provided unique information about the effects of intervening in child sexual abuse, especially where children are trapped in silence and only come to light by way of a proactive intervention. These children remain difficult to help and the best way of intervening remains contentious. The authors challenge the ethos that leaves sexually abused children vulnerable in the face of investigative and evidential hurdles and suggest ways forward.
Hypopharyngeal Cancer: Staging, Diagnosis, and Therapy
Authors: Huang Yi , Liang Yushan , Zhao Weilin
Published: May 2021

Hypopharyngeal carcinoma is uncommon in all head and neck cancers. With a synergistic reaction of each, tobacco consumption and alcohol abuse contribute to the tumorigenesis. The aerodigestive tract epithelium exposure to similar risks causing multiple cancers. Thus, a pan-endoscopic screening offers a practical approach for evaluating second primary esophageal cancer. The common symptoms of hypopharyngeal carcinoma were globus pharyngeus, sore throat, dysphagia, otalgia, neck mass, hoarseness, and dyspnoea. However, approximately 75–80% of patients are initial diagnosed with advanced-stage. Although improvements in therapy, the prognosis is still lacking. In early-stage patients, primary surgical resection and radiotherapy achieved similar survival and locoregional control rates. T1–T2 malignancies with N0–N1 can usually be treated with radiation alone, open surgery, or transoral surgery. In some people, after primary surgery or transoral approaches is often required adjuvant radiotherapy. However, most cases have been in the advanced-stage when screened. Individual therapy programs should be chosen carefully to achieve a balance between swallowing-voice rehabilitation and organ preservation in advanced-stage ones. Meanwhile, reasonable reconstruction of intraoperative defect is essential for a surgeon who seeks satisfied postoperative outcomes. Considerable treatment (surgery or non-surgery) remains the key point of improving the survival rate.
Diabetes and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: Pathophysiology and Genetics
Authors: Nurun Nabi A.H.M. , Ebihara Akio
Published: May 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder and characterized by hyperglycemia. Being a concern of both the developed and developing world, diabetes is a global health burden and is a major cause of mortality world-wide. The most common is the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is mainly caused by resistance to insulin. Long-term complications of diabetes cause microvascular related problems (eg. nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy) along with macrovascular complications (eg. cardiovascular diseases, ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease). Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) regulates homeostasis of body fluid that in turn, maintains blood pressure. Thus, RAAS plays pivotal role in the pathogenesis of long-term DM complications like cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney diseases. T2DM is a polygenic disease, and the roles of RAAS components in insulin signaling pathway and insulin resistance have been well documented. Hyperglycemia has been found to be associated with the increased plasma renin activity, arterial pressure and renal vascular resistance. Several studies have reported involvement of single variants within particular genes in initiation and development of T2D using different approaches. This chapter aims to investigate and discuss potential genetic polymorphisms underlying T2D identified through candidate gene studies, genetic linkage studies, genome wide association studies.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes and Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Fevrier Bradley
Published: May 2021

The current SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus) outbreak has reached pandemic proportions with a large global imprint. In December 2019, COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and has continued largely unabated. The SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus) is much talked about currently; however, it is worth noting that there are several different coronaviruses known to man, with most of them being responsible for causing illness in animals. Seven (7) types of coronaviruses are identified as causing illnesses in humans. Of the seven human coronavirus infections, four involve mild upper respiratory tract complaints that produce slight symptoms of the common cold. Conversely, the other three human coronavirus infections present more severe consequences as recently demonstrated by the SARS-CoV-2. These deadly outbreaks of pneumonia can have consequences that are far-reaching and are global in nature. SARS-CoV was the first new viral pandemic of the 21st century. It had its beginnings in southern China during November 2002 having started mysteriously; It was contained in 2004 after having spread to five continents and thirty-three countries, infecting approximately 8000 people. MERS-CoV the virus that the causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) was first identified in 2012 in Saudi Arabia and Jordan and has since registered roughly 2,220 confirmed cases and 790 deaths.
Introduction to Lean Waste and Lean Tools
Authors: Sunder Sharma Shyam , Khatri Rahul
Published: May 2021

In the turbulent and complex business environments, many Indian SMEs are facing stiff competition in the domestic as well as in the global market from their multinational counterpart. The concept of lean has gained prominence due to the fact that the resource based competitive advantages are no longer sufficient in this economy. Hence, lean is no longer merely an option but rather a core necessity for engineering industries situated in any part of the globe, if they have to compete successfully. Lean Manufacturing (LM) which provides new opportunities to create and retain greater value from the employee of the industry based on their core business competencies. The challenge of capturing, organizing, and disseminating throughout the aggregate business unit is a huge responsibility of the top management. The success of any industry depends on how well it can manage its resources and translate in to action. The adoption of lean manufacturing through effective lean practices depends on interpretations of past experiences and present information resides in the industry. Generally, in an industry, some tangible and intangible factors exist in the form of non-value adding activities which hinder the smooth lean implementation are known as lean manufacturing barriers (LMBs).
Strategies to Overcome Translation Losses in the Novel “The Grapes of Wrath” by John Steinbeck to Achieve Adequacy in Translation
Authors: Khalilova Konul , Orujova Irina
Published: May 2021

The current article involves the issues of losses, gains, or survivals contributing to literature in the process of translation. It represents a thorough study based on the novel “The Grapes of Wrath” by John Steinbeck from English and, respectively, its translation into Azerbaijani by Ulfet Kurchayli. It investigates the problematic areas or challenges emerging from the source-text discrepancies. Furthermore, this article also concentrates on the issue of cultural non-equivalence or the losses occurring in translating English literary texts into Azerbaijani. The paper identifies the translation techniques adopted by the translator of John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath. Adopting certain techniques rather than others has led to many losses on different levels. The translator’s important role as a cultural insider is also emphasized. The wide gap, distance, or the differences between the cultures, languages, and thought patterns of the English and Azerbaijani language speakers are the main factors resulting in various losses in the process of translation. Coping with these extra-linguistic constraints is harder than the linguistic ones as the translator has no choice in the given situations, deleting these elements from the TT or replacing them with elements that do not fit the context. This article aims at determining translation losses and gains, defining ways that the translator employs for compensating losses, through the analysis of John Steinbeck’s style in The Grapes of Wrath. The article concludes that there are some situations where the translation of a certain text from the SL into the TL embraces alteration in the whole informational content of the text, in the form of expressions or words.
Language Choice in Azerbaijani Context: A Sociolinguistic perspective
Authors: Rzayeva Narmin , Tagiyev Ilham , Mammadov Azad
Published: May 2021

This study deals with the issue of language choice from sociolinguistic perspectives. The problem of multilingualism and plurilingualism in sociolinguistics occupies a special field for the study and evokes the interest of most linguists. The goal of the research was to investigate language choice from sociolinguistic perspectives. This experimental work was carried out to verify the right choice of language (English, Russian, and Azerbaijani) and to identify its effectiveness, the data were processed and interpreted based on analysis. Special attention was paid to the multilingualism / plurilingualism issues and multilingualism in Azerbaijan separately. This paper presents the results of the quantitative method for sociolinguistic research in language. It was based on the interviews that were conducted among parents in order to learn their tendency to bring up their children in a multilingual society. Thus, parents were interviewed in different schools with Russian, Azerbaijani and English mediums of instruction; a school with Azerbaijani medium of instruction named as “Zangi” lyceum, a school with Russian medium named as “N_12”, a school with English medium called as “Baku-Oxford School”. This paper is an in-depth, multidimensional study of such choices in language. The results of the data analysis affirm a solid status of English as an international language in Azerbaijan and emphasize an undeniable position of the Azerbaijani language as well.
Heterogeneidad de la brecha de género en la participación laboral de las migraciones intrarregionales en América Latina (2010)
Authors: Manzano Fernando Ariel
Published: May 2021

América Latina se destacó por una alta participación del componente migratorio desde su génesis, siendo el protagonista en las últimas décadas la migración intrarregional, concentrándose los destinos en unos pocos países de la región. Otro aspecto que resalta dentro de Latinoamérica son las diferencias en la participación de la fuerza laboral –total, varón y mujer–, entre los países. Este trabajo de carácter exploratorio se propone describir el comportamiento de las tasas de actividad de las corrientes migratorias según los países de la región, mediante la consistencia de la información disponible de la ronda de los censos del año 2010. Luego de un análisis estadístico-descriptivo del comportamiento de las tasas de actividad de las corrientes migratorias en los mercado nacionales, se sugieren como resultados una relación lineal significativa entre las tasas de actividad total, varón y mujer, y la ausencia de correlación respecto a las tasas de participación de los mercados de trabajo nacionales, con la excepción de escasas situaciones.  

Latin America stood out for a high participation of the migratory component from its genesis, being the protagonist in the last decades the migration intrarregional, concentrating the destinations in a few countries of the region. Another aspect that stands out inside Latin America the differences are in the participation of the labor force – entire, male and woman – between the countries. This work of exploratory character proposes to describe the behavior of the valuations of activity of the migratory currents according to the countries of the region, by means of the consistency of the available information of the round of the censuses of the year 2010. After a statistical - descriptive analysis of the behavior of the valuations of activity of the migratory currents in them bought nationals, they are suggested as turned out a significant linear relation between the valuations of entire activity, male and woman, and the absence of interrelation with regard to the valuations of participation of the national labor markets, with the exception of scarce situations.
Poblamiento y espacio regado en el sureste de la Huerta de Murcia. Efectos de la DANA de los días 12 y 13 de septiembre de 2019
Authors: Muñoz Garre Paula , Gómez Espín José María
Published: May 2021

En el llano de crecida del Segura, en la Depresión Prelitoral, se asientan la Ciudad y Huerta de Murcia. Del siglo IX al XIX, la pequeña agrociudad estaba fosilizada por el río y la huerta. La regulación del Segura y el cambio de modelo económico (más industrias y servicios) facilitan el desarrollo poblacional, así como la expansión de la ciudad y de las pedanías a costa de la huerta.

 La hipótesis de partida es que la mayor parte del paisaje histórico, construido en la relación río-ciudad-huerta, es hoy un espacio rural periurbano de escaso valor económico, pero de alto valor patrimonial. Y que el sector sureste de la Huerta de Murcia conserva su valor socioeconómico, al permitir al agricultor-regante vivir del cultivo de la tierra.

La DANA de los días 12 y 13 de septiembre de 2019, plantea la vulnerabilidad de este espacio y de las gentes que viven en él, por el modo de ocupación del poblamiento, la distribución de las redes de riego y drenaje, el trazado de grandes infraestructuras y la localización de equipamientos. A pesar del Plan de Defensa contra Avenidas, continua la rotura de las motas del río (trenques) y la inundación del llano por los turbiones de cuencas vertientes de los flancos que convergen al nivel de base local. Esta situación de crecida e inundación obliga a una reordenación del territorio.

City and Huerta of Murcia are settled on the Segura floodplain, in the Murcian Prelitoral Depression. From IX to XIX centuries, the small agro-city was constrained by the river and the Huerta. The regulation of Segura River and the change of economic model (more industries and services) eased population development, as well as the expansion of the city and districts at the expense of the Huerta.

The initial hypothesis is that most of the historical landscape, built in the river-city-garden connection, is today a peri-urban rural space of little economic value, but of high heritage value. Likewise, southeastern sector of Huerta de Murcia retains its socioeconomic value, by allowing the irrigating farmer to live off the cultivation of the land.

The 12-13 September 2019 ‘cold front’ shows the vulnerability of this space and people, due to the way of occupation of the population, the distribution of irrigation and drainage networks, the layout of large infrastructure and equipment location. Despite the Flood Defense Plan, the breaking of the river's hillocks (trenques) and the flooding of the plain by the rainwater of watersheds that converge at the local base. This flood situation forces a reorganization of the territory.
Three-Dimensional Calculation of Sinus Augmentation Volume after Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation
Authors: GOYUSHOV Samır , DURSUN Erhan , ORHAN Kaan , TÖZÜM Tolga
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to calculate the volume of the maxillary sinus and grafted part of it with different modes of three-dimensional reconstruction software.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective volumetric cone-beam computed tomography study was carried out on 21 patients/ 36 maxillary sinuses who had undergone maxillary sinus lift surgery using a lateral approach, between 2010 and 2016 at the Department Periodontology. All statistical analyses were performed by using the NCSS (Number Cruncher Statistical System, Kaysville, Utah, U.S.A.) software. P values 0.05). An occupied portion of the sinus cavity after lateral sinus floor elevation surgery was approximately 14.87 %. Furthermore, the volume through manual and automatical modes of the software do not affect the results (p>0.05). The right and left sides of the maxillary sinus volumes were not different from each other. Gender and measuring mode was not found to be related to volumetric values of the maxillary sinus cavity.

Conclusions: The grafted volume of the sinus cavity was defined as a safe volume in terms of serious complications during and after the surgery.
WORKING FROM HOME: WOMEN BETWEEN PUBLIC AND DOMESTIC SPHERES AFTER THE OUTBREAK OF COVID-19
Authors: Elfira Mina , Wibawarta Bambang , Esther Rouli , Febriand Fandra
Published: May 2021

This study examines how working mothers negotiate her gender role and strategize in facing the condition when domestic and public sphere exist in one space called home after the outbreak COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The research questions are ” how far does working from home give an impact in changing patriarchal gender relation and distribution of work division at home?”, and “to what extends women modify their home functions in coping with COVID-19 pandemic condition and in minimizing patriarchal authority at their own home?” The research uses qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews and questioner filling, and focuses on samples of 30 middle class working women, living in Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi) area. This study argues that as the impact of Covid pandemic condition, the middle class working mothers, who have been “forced to go back” to their homes, seemingly, use their homes as “struggling places” to renegotiate the old patriarchal role divisions and unequal gender/power relations. Moreover, it is argued that their homes, to some extends, are used as learning sites for gender equality values, and modified to fulfill their extended functions: as domestic, work, and social spheres.
AUSTRALIAN FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS INDONESIA RELATED EAST TIMOR 1975-1991
Authors: Qunuri Ririn , Pradjoko Didik
Published: May 2021

This article will explain Australia's attitudes and views on the East Timor issue which caused conflict with Indonesia. But on the other hand, Australia cannot ignore Indonesia's interests in East Timor. In 1978, Australia recognized East Timor "de facto" as part of Indonesia. Then, the question arises why Australia supports the integration of East Timor with Indonesia. What are the underlying interests. The Timor Gap Treaty was ratified on 11 December 1989, strengthening Indonesia's position with Australia. Indonesia is considered more accommodating when compared to Portugal in the matter of maritime boundaries in the Timor Sea region. Indonesia is the most important neighbor country for Australia. In terms of Australian defense, the Indonesian archipelago is a stronghold in northern Australia. This is based on Australia's interest in regional security free from the intervention of other hostile countries. Therefore, the importance of efforts to create government stability in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the dynamics of Australian foreign policy as seen from the Australian security and defense framework in looking at the East Timor issue. In addition, this research will discuss the Opposition to the Balibo Declaration and the Indonesian military intervention in East Timor which invites Australia's ambiguous attitude in addressing the integration of East Timor with Indonesia. Even though it was always at odds with Indonesia, Australia continued to prioritize its national interests in dealing with Indonesia.
The Curie Society
Authors: Einhorn Heather , Staffaroni Adam , Harvey Janet , Liao Sonia
Published: May 2021

A covert team of young women--members of the Curie society, an elite organization dedicated to women in STEM--undertake high-stakes missions to save the world. A selection of the 2022 Hal Clement Notable Young Adult Books List from the American Library Association.

Created by: Heather Einhorn & Adam Staffaroni; Writer: Janet Harvey; Artist: Sonia Liao; Editor: Joan Hilty

An action-adventure original graphic novel, The Curie Society follows a team of young women recruited by an elite secret society—originally founded by Marie Curie—with the mission of supporting the most brilliant female scientists in the world. The heroines of the Curie Society use their smarts, gumption, and cutting-edge technology to protect the world from rogue scientists with nefarious plans. Readers can follow recruits Simone, Taj, and Maya as they decipher secret codes, clone extinct animals, develop autonomous robots, and go on high-stakes missions.

The Curie Society introduces an entertaining, empowering media universe for fans hungry to read about brilliant, analytical young women as scientific heroes. Stay tuned for more Curie Society missions featuring our heroes saving the world through their STEM skills and teamwork.
Self-compassion, ego-resiliency, coping with stress and the quality of life of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Pyszkowska Anna , Wrona Kamila
Published: May 2021

Background

The literature shows a fairly coherent picture of the types of difficulties parents face. Adaptive both coping styles and resources, such as self-compassion and ego-resiliency, indicated as important predictors of the quality of life among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. The aim of the study was to determine the links between self-compassion and ego-resiliency, coping with stress and quality of life among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder in a Polish sample (N = 76).

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted. The CISS, Self-Compassion Scale-Short, Ego-Resiliency Scale, and Quality of Life Questionnaire were used.

Results

Regression analysis was carried out to address the research question. It was confirmed that both resources studied exhibited negative relations with emotion-oriented coping, while ego-resiliency was also positively correlated with task- and avoidance-oriented strategies. The hierarchical multiple regression conducted in three steps indicated that ego-resiliency (18%) and emotion-oriented (14%) were the strongest predictors of quality of life among parents of children with ASD.

Conclusions

The obtained results proved that ego-resiliency and a task-oriented coping strategy were important indicators of the quality of life of parents of children with ASD.
Prediction of DNA binding proteins using local features and long-term dependencies with primary sequences based on deep learning
Authors: Li Guobin , Du Xiuquan , Li Xinlu , Zou Le , Zhang Guanhong , Wu Zhize
Published: May 2021

DNA-binding proteins (DBPs) play pivotal roles in many biological functions such as alternative splicing, RNA editing, and methylation. Many traditional machine learning (ML) methods and deep learning (DL) methods have been proposed to predict DBPs. However, these methods either rely on manual feature extraction or fail to capture long-term dependencies in the DNA sequence. In this paper, we propose a method, called PDBP-Fusion, to identify DBPs based on the fusion of local features and long-term dependencies only from primary sequences. We utilize convolutional neural network (CNN) to learn local features and use bi-directional long-short term memory network (Bi-LSTM) to capture critical long-term dependencies in context. Besides, we perform feature extraction, model training, and model prediction simultaneously. The PDBP-Fusion approach can predict DBPs with 86.45% sensitivity, 79.13% specificity, 82.81% accuracy, and 0.661 MCC on the PDB14189 benchmark dataset. The MCC of our proposed methods has been increased by at least 9.1% compared to other advanced prediction models. Moreover, the PDBP-Fusion also gets superior performance and model robustness on the PDB2272 independent dataset. It demonstrates that the PDBP-Fusion can be used to predict DBPs from sequences accurately and effectively; the online server is at http://119.45.144.26:8080/PDBP-Fusion/.
Genetic diversity and population structure analysis in a large collection of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) germplasm worldwide
Authors: Wu Feifei , Ma Sainan , Zhou Jie , Han Chongyang , Hu Ruchang , Yang Xinying , Nie Gang , Zhang Xinquan
Published: May 2021

White clover is an important temperate legume forage with high nutrition. In the present study, 448 worldwide accessions were evaluated for the genetic variation and polymorphisms using 22 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. All the markers were highly informative, a total of 341 scored bands were amplified, out of which 337 (98.83%) were polymorphic. The PIC values ranged from 0.89 to 0.97 with an average of 0.95. For the AMOVA analysis, 98% of the variance was due to differences within the population and the remaining 2% was due to differences among populations. The white clover accessions were divided into different groups or subgroups based on PCoA, UPGMA, and STRUCTURE analyses. The existence of genetic differentiation between the originally natural and introduced areas according to the PCoA analysis of the global white clover accessions. There was a weak correlation between genetic relationships and geographic distribution according to UPGMA and STRUCTURE analyses. The results of the present study will provide the foundation for future breeding programs, genetic improvement, core germplasm collection establishment for white clover.
Comparative Study between Modified Solar Dryer and Open Sun Drying for Drying of Onion Slices
Authors: Sivamma P. , Mounika E. , Rathinakumari K. Carolin , Kumaran G. Senthil , Bindu B.
Published: May 2021

Solar greenhouse drying is a method of removing moisture from the food material in which drying medium is solar energy which is easily available and low in cost for farmers. The solar energy is decreases in the monsoon months in comparison to non-monsoon months. The decrease in the solar energy results in lower temperatures in the solar greenhouse dryer. The aluminium foil which has 88% reflectivity, reflects the radiation inside solar greenhouse dryer and heats the air inside dryer and maintains heat for longer times.Aluminium foil was applied on eastern, western and southern walls of the dryer and the parameters viz; temperature and relative humidity were recorded in both modified solar greenhouse dryer, solar greenhouse dryer and ambient conditions. Assessment of temperature in ambient condition, solar greenhouse dryer with and without modification showed the maximum temperature difference between solar greenhouse dryer without modification and ambient condition was about 11.5°C whereas 17.5°C maximum temperature difference between modified solar greenhouse dryer and ambient condition. The dryer was able to reduce moisture content of onion from initial moisture content of 679 per cent dry basis to 5.7 per cent in 31 h of drying whereas the traditional sun drying was able to reduce moisture content of onion from initial moisture content of 679 per cent dry basis to 29 per cent in 31 h of drying time. The results showed a considerable advantage of solar dryer over the traditional open sun drying method in term of drying rate and less risk for spoilage.
Assessment of Feeding Habits and Nutritional Status of Infants Admitted in Kumba Hospitals (South-West Region, Cameroon)
Authors: KuatéKaptso Giscard , Tchabo William , Egbe Nkongho Juliet , Asoba Gillian Nkeudem , Amungwa Athanasius Fonteh
Published: May 2021

Aims: Malnutrition remains an issue of public health concern in Cameroon. Optimal infant feeding habits and maternal risk factors influence the prevalence of malnutrition. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of feeding habits and risk factors on the nutritional status of infants in Kumba hospitals.

Study design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out for a period of 3 months at the Maternal and Child Protection (PMI) and Kumba District hospitals.

Methodology: The age of the children were recorded from their immunization cards. The measurements of length and weight of children were recorded. Questionnaires were administered through simple random sampling to care givers of 227 infants at the welfare clinics from which information on feeding habits, anthropometric parameters and socio-demographic status was obtained. The Z-score classifications for malnutrition was used to estimate the deterioration in weight and height of children in reference to the children of same age and sex.

Results: There was a low prevalence (14%) of exclusive breast feeding. A high prevalence of early initiation of breast feeding within the first hour of birth at 85% was observed. Early introduction to energy dense complementary food at 67.2% was observed in infants between 0-5 months accounting for the high prevalence of overweight, and possible risk obesity. Furthermore, it was found that 17% of children were stunted, 14.60% were wasted, and 11.70% were underweight. Among them, stunting was highest in children 0-3 months who were on breast milk. Moreover, a significant relationship was observed between marital status and stunting (P<0.05), and underweight and unemployment (P<0.05).

Conclusion: This study revealed that exclusive breast feeding from 0 to 6 months was poorly practiced. Thus leading to a high prevalence of wasting, overweight and obesity among admitted children in Kumba hospitals. This was also found to be linked to malnutrition, marital and professional status.
Evaluation of Moisture Content of Soil at Different Stages of Plant Growth under Different Irrigation Treatments
Authors: Naveena B. , Babu G. Ravi
Published: May 2021

Drip irrigation is artificial technique of providing water to the roots of the plant at very low rates (2-20 litres/hour) from a system of small diameter plastic pipes fitted with emitters or drippers. A few low cost automation systems were developed and evaluated their performance with drip irrigation on sweet corn on the sandy soils of College of Agricultural Engineering, Bapatla. It was observed that single row drip irrigation showed better results compared to flood irrigation and paired row drip irrigation. The results indicated that the soil water distribution pattern showed the highest water content near the drip line for all scheduling techniques.As increase in time of operation Wetting diameter and Penetration depth increased in relative to time. With comparison of different irrigation systems, the soil moisture content value of before irrigation and after irrigation is better in single row drip system.
Design and Development of Mini-pulsar for Real-Time Bioelectric Experiment
Authors: Kumar Gyanendra , Sarathi R , Sharma Archana
Published: May 2021

Investigation of the effect of pulsed electric field on eukaryotic cells has been of interestto biomedical scientists and researchers since a few decades. Reversible electroporation (EP) is used for uptake of chemicals, drugs, DNA into the eukaryotic cells under low electric field (100’s V/cm) of millisecond duration to few hundreds of microsecond duration. An electric field of nanosecond duration and a very high electric field (50’s kV/cm) can stress to intracellular organelles of eukaryotic cells and that can trigger apoptotic pathways. In this article experimental setup has been prepared for real-time investigation of the effect of nanosecond electric field on eukaryotic cells. Pulsar producing ~1.5kV, 20ns FWHM, single shot as well as ~10Hz rep-rate with rise-time as fast as ~10ns, has been prepared using blumlein pulse forming line and avalanche transistor switches. A 300µm gap microplate chamber has been prepared to expose the electric fieldtoeukaryotic cells.
Assessment of Vulnerability of Croplands to Climate Variability in Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Ibilewa Dada , Aliyu Mustapha , Ishaya Samaila K. , Magaji Joshua I.
Published: May 2021

Despite the wide coverage of study on vulnerability in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria over the years, it was observed that no emphasis has been placed on assessment of vulnerability of croplands to climate variability using the integrated vulnerability assessment and Geo-Informatics technique. This was achieved by determining the climate variability pattern in FCT from 1981 to 2017, determining the exposure index and the degree of sensitivity of croplands to climate variability, assessing the adaptive capacity of farmers to climate variability, evaluating the vulnerability of croplands to climate variability and developing vulnerability maps of croplands using the information produced. Yam, beans and maize were used as referenced crops in this study. Indicators were generated and analyzed on the three components of vulnerability: exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. The study used the mixed research design. The Analytical Hierarchy Process was used to assign weight to the indicators. The weights were used to generate the exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity indices which were used to generate the vulnerability index map. Aggregate vulnerability index (AVI) was finally determined from the weighted sum of all indicators and used to produce the vulnerability map of the six Area Councils. The study shows that Gwagwalada Area Council has the highest vulnerability (0.2323) and Abaji Area Council has the lowest (0.005). Kwali and AMAC Area Councils were highly vulnerable to climate variability (Kwali 0.1562, AMAC 0.1565). Kuje Area Council has low vulnerability (0.0273) to climate variability. Bwari Area Council showed moderate vulnerability (0.0982). The implication of the results is that the three crops (maize, beans and yam) will produce moderately at moderate vulnerability while their production will be marginal and optimal at very high and very low vulnerabilities respectively. Crop production will be optimum in Abaji, marginal in Gwagwalada and moderate in Bwari. The study also revealed that vulnerability assessment is essential in determining the varying degrees of vulnerability in different localities. It also provides information that can help researchers, policy makers, private and public institutions in planning location-based adaptation strategies and prioritizing allocating limited resources in FCT. Agriculture should be heavily subsidized in terms of providing irrigation infrastructure to farmers to reduce over-reliance on rain fed agriculture. Installation of early weather warning system manned with expertise should be made available in all the Area Councils to provide timely and accurate climatic information to farmers.
Antidiabetic Effect of Katakakhadiradi kashayam by Improving the Insulin Expression and Glucose Metabolising Enzyme
Authors: Subbiah Angelie Jessica , Kavimani M. , Ramadoss Mukilan , Krishna Rao Mudiganti Ram , Prabhu K.
Published: May 2021

Many plants provide a rich source of bioactive chemicals, which are free from undesirable side effects and possess powerful pharmacological actions. The present study was carried out to find the antidiabetic effect of   Katakakhadiradi kashayam (KKK) by improving the insulin expression and regulating properly the glucose metabolising enzymes. The diabetes was induced in combination with streptozotocin and nicotinamide injection to Wistar rats. Diabetic rats were treated with   Katakakhadiradi kashayam orally at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg/bw for 28 days, and the obtained results of parameters were compared with glibenclamide. The antidiabetic effect of Kashayam was measured by the expression of insulin by immunohistochemistry and restoring the normal clinical values of glucose metabolizing enzymes. The present study specified that hyperglycemia leads to pathological conditions in pancreatic tissue with decreased expression of insulin in β-cells whereas the   Katakakhadiradi kashayam normalised the production of insulin. The study found that the antihyperglycemic activity of   Katakakhadiradi kashayam L. is mainly due to their ability to restore the function of pancreatic tissues by causing an increase in insulin output and maintaining the glucose metabolising enzymes.
In-vitro Antibacterial Activity of Acacia Nilotica against Lactobacillus casei
Authors: Khan Abid , Ismail Muhammad Owais , Baig Mirza Tasawer , Kashif Sadia Suri , Jabeen Aisha , Sheikh Shumaila , Shahid Uzma
Published: May 2021

Background: The role of Ethno-pharmacology is important to discover the new biologically active compounds. The process usually starts with searching of useful plants from different records to the development of methods for the industrial production of drugs. World Health Organization (WHO) states that more than 80% of population of the world makes the use of plants for the treatment of diseases. The extensive use of plants for therapeutic purposes has the history of centuries. Herbal pharmaceuticals have treated many diseases and confirmed the importance of medicinal plants on curative ground. The aim of this study was to evaluate in-vitro antibacterial activity of traditionally used Acacia nilotica by aqueous and Ethanolic extraction, against Lactobacilli casei.

Methodology: Disc diffusion method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to the Kirby-Bauer method to assess the presence of antibacterial activities of Ethanolic and Aqueous extracts of Acacia nilotica, against Lactobacillus casei. Results: It was found that Ethanolic extracts have antibacterial activity which was close to the positive controls (standards) of the study; 2.5% Sodium hypochlorite and 2% Chlorhexidine.

Conclusion: it was concluded that Ethanolic extract of Acacia nilotica, possesses antibacterial activity against Lactobacillus casei.
ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG CRACK USERS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Da Silva Ana Luzia Medeiros Araújo , Frazão Iracema da SIlva , Bezerra Simone Maria Muniz da Silva , Araújo Ednaldo Cavalcante de
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil dos usuários de crack em artigos publicados sobre dependência química no Brasil. Metodologia: Foi realizada a revisão integrativa da literatura a partir da questão norteadora: qual o perfil dos adolescentes e jovens usuários de crack no Brasil? na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), no período de maio à junho de 2011, usando os descritores: cocaína crack, crack, abuso de cocaína e adolescente. Foram selecionados estudos que atendessem aos critérios de inclusão: a) estudos realizados no Brasil; b) publicações na íntegra; c) publicações entre 2000 e 2010; d) publicações de abordagem quantitativa com o perfil dos sujeitos. Foram excluídas publicações duplicadas e que não atenderam aos critérios de inclusão após leitura de seus resumos. Os artigos foram analisados de acordo com instrumento previamente validado para garantir rigor metodológico. Foi realizada a leitura dos artigos na íntegra e selecionados os resultados que tratassem do perfil socioeconômico e demográfico dos sujeitos, comparando as variáveis estudadas semelhantes em todos os artigos.  Resultados: Foram encontrados um total de 282 artigos, dentre eles 71 estavam disponíveis na íntegra, sendo utilizados 11 artigos, após a seleção proposta. Os trabalhos foram agrupados em duas categorias em relação ao seu objetivo: uso de crack associado a comportamentos de risco e uso de crack associados a distúrbios de ordem orgânica. Conclusões: Observa-se a predominância de jovens entre os consumidores do crack, configurando um problema social e de saúde pública, apontando para as necessidades de redirecionamento das ações de saúde. Descritores: Abuso de drogas: Crack: Adolescente.
NURSING DIAGNOSES IN WORKERS’ HEALTH: A CASE STUDY WITH PROFESSIONAL NURSING
Authors: Silva Marcos Barragan da , Fontana Rosane Teresinha , Almeida Miriam de Abreu
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Identificar Diagnósticos de enfermagem da NANDA Internacional relacionados ao trabalho de auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem que atuam no turno da noite nas unidades de enfermagem clínica e cirúrgica de uma instituição hospitalar. Métodos: Estudo de caso qualitativo, realizado em um hospital do noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil em 2009. Os sujeitos foram 13 profissionais. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se um questionário semi-estrutura. Para a análise, realizou-se o agrupamento das respostas e construíram-se casos escritos, após isso se realizou o raciocínio e julgamento diagnóstico para inferir Diagnósticos de Enfermagem. Respeitaram-se os Aspectos éticos. Resultados: Todos apresentaram Risco de infecção, Risco de lesão (física), Risco de lesão (química), Risco de resposta alérgica ao látex, Disposição para autoconceito melhorado e Risco de tensão de papel de cuidador. Conclusão: Os enfermeiros do trabalho podem direcionar suas intervenções aos diagnósticos de enfermagem mais freqüentes em trabalhadores de hospitais. Descritores: Diagnóstico de Enfermagem, Saúde do Trabalhador, Trabalho Noturno, Classificação.
PERSPECTIVES ON WOMEN CLIMACTERIC: CONCEPTS AND IMPACTS ON HEALTH BASIC CARE
Authors: Martins Álissan Karine Lima , Leite Eliane de Sousa Leite Sousa , Oliveira Francisca Bezerra , Ramalho Kelvya Kysye Aguiar , Torquato Jamili Anbar
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Conhecer as perspectivas sobre o climatério de mulheres assistidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Métodos: Estudo de abordagem quanti-qualitativa e natureza exploratória, realizado em três Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS)no Município de Cajazeiras/PB. A amostra foi constituída por 40 mulheres na faixa etária de 40 a 65 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada em maio de 2011, por meio de um roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturado. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo temática proposta por Bardin (2009). Resultados: Evidenciou que grande parte das mulheres estudadas não conhecia o significado da palavra climatério, correlacionando o climatério com a menopausa. Todas as mulheres relataram os fogachos como principal distúrbio típico do climatério, outras relataram estados depressivos, insônia, ansiedade e falta da libido. Conclusão: A indisponibilidade de serviços e ações de saúde à mulher climatérica usuária da Atenção Primária poderá provocar reações e influências negativas nessa fase do seu ciclo vital.
SOCIAL CONTROL AS A TOOL FOR QUALITY OF CARE IN FAMILY HEALTH STRATEGY
Authors: Azevedo Dulcian Medeiros de , Lucena Luciana Azevedo de , Holanda Cristyanne Samara Miranda de
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: identificar a compreensão dos profissionais da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) sobre controle social, e apreender as contribuições deste na instância local. Métodos: pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, realizada na ESF do município de Ouro Branco-RN, com aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP/UERN - nº 081/10). Participaram do estudo dez profissionais de saúde, em outubro de 2010. Resultados: foram construídas as categorias Controle social enquanto garantia do direito à saúde; Controle social e a intersetorialidade; Conselho de saúde enquanto espaço para exercício do controle social; e Controle social e a educação em saúde. Conclusão: o controle social foi concebido como uma ferramenta que garante direitos à saúde, representada por um conjunto de ações básicas que resultam no bem estar da população. A integração entre vários atores sociais parece indispensável no contexto de uma dimensão ética, com defesa do direito igualitário à saúde e fortalecimento do controle social.
REFLECTIONS ON THE QUALITY OF WORK LIFE OF NURSES IN THE PREHOSPITAL
Authors: Filgueira Martins Cláudia Cristiane , Vieira Alcivan Nunes , Pereira Santos Viviane Euzebia
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Descrever como os enfermeiros que atuam no SAMU-Mossoró-RN, Brasil, percebem os reflexos desse tipo de trabalho em sua qualidade de vida. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo de abordagem descritiva, em que foi utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada a fim de descrever os reflexos do trabalho na qualidade de vida desses profissionais. Participaram do estudo seis enfermeiros do SAMU Mossoró-RN. Resultados: Os participantes do estudo relacionaram que o confronto com situações de natureza estressante interfere na qualidade de vida sendo expresso em cansaço e desmotivação, além de não possuir tempo para o desenvolvimento de atividades que lhe deem prazer fora do ambiente de trabalho. Conclusão: O profissional de enfermagem deve buscar atividades que lhe deem prazer e satisfação tanto no ambiente de trabalho como fora dele para que o seu corpo e mente não se tornem vítimas das consequências negativas que o viver para o trabalho proporciona.
INSERTION OF THE NURSING PROCESS AND TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY OF CARE IN FAMILY HEALTH
Authors: Pereira Jamelson dos Santos , Costa Milena Silva , Eloi Aryanderson de Carvalho , Araújo Bruna Patrícia de Lima
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Objetivou-se verificar a operacionalização do Processo de Enfermagem por enfermeiros da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo desenvolvido no período de março de 2009 a julho de 2010 com 14 enfermeiros da Estratégia de Saúde da Família do município de Crato - CE. Os dados foram obtidos através de um questionário semi-estruturado após a assinatura do termo de anuência pelos participantes. Resultados: Observou-se que nenhum dos enfermeiros aplica o Processo de Enfermagem durante o desenvolvimento de suas ações do cuidado devido às diversas incumbências assistenciais e burocráticas que exercem nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Conclusão: A efetivação do Processo de enfermagem não compõe as normas e rotinas de enfermagem adotadas pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família em lócus. Descritores: cuidados de enfermagem, tecnologia, saúde da família.