bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: IRON AND NICKEL CARBONYL COMPLEXES WITH SUBSTITUTED DISTIBANE AND ANTIMONIDO LIGANDS
Authors: BREUNIG H. J. , FICHTNER W. , KNOBLOCH T. P.
Published: April 2016

Bei Reaktion von Fe2(CO)9 mit Tetraethyl‐ bzw. Tetra‐t‐butyldistibin in Pentan bei 20°C entstehen vorwiegend die Einkernkomplexe (I), von denen sich (Ib) schnell zersetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL OXIDATION STATE AND IMINE VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES OF REDUCED COPPER AND NICKEL TETRAIMINE MACROCYCLIC LIGAND COMPLEXES
Authors: GAGNE R. R. , INGLE D. M. , LISENSKY G. C.
Published: April 2016

Imin‐Schwingungsbanden der makrocyclischen Cu(II)‐ und Ni(I I)‐Komplexe (I) und (IV), ihrer Einelektronen‐Reduktionsprodukte (II) bzw. (V) sowie deren CO‐Addukte (III) bzw. (VI) werden smeinsam mit früheren kristallographischen und ESCA‐Untersuchungsergebnissen n Cu‐Komplexen und EPR‐Daten von Ni‐Komplexen mit Hinblick auf den Oxida‐ .onszustand des Metalls in den Komplexen diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF UROPORPHYRIN‐III, AND RELATED HEPTA‐ AND PENTACARBOXYLIC PORPHYRINS BY MODIFICATIONS OF THE MACDONALD METHOD
Authors: CHAKRABARTY M. , ALI S. A. , PHILIP G. , JACKSON A. H.
Published: April 2016

Auf dem im Formelschema angegebenen Weg werden ausgehend vom Pyrrol (I) die Bis‐pyrrolylmethane (VII) und (VIII) hergestellt, die miteinander zum Uroporphyrin III (IX) cyclokondensieren.
ChemInform Abstract: THE INSERTION OF OLEFINS INTO METAL CARBON BONDS
Authors: LEHMKUHL H.
Published: April 2016

Review: In Form einer kurzen Übersicht werden die Addition von Organomagnesium‐ und Organozinkverbindungen an, Olefine wie 1‐Alkene oder Cyclopropenderivate, die dabei auftretende Regio‐ bzw. Stereoselektivität und einige Folgereaktionen der 1:1‐Addukte beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: MAGNETIC AND MICELLAR EFFECTS ON PHOTOREACTIONS. 1. CARBON‐13 ISOTOPIC ENRICHMENT OF DIBENZYL KETONE VIA PHOTOLYSIS IN AQUEOUS DETERGENT SOLUTION
Authors: TURRO N. J. , CHOW M.‐F. , CHUNG C.‐J. , KRAEUTLER B.
Published: April 2016

Massen ‐ und 1H‐ NMR‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen ergeben , daß die Photolyse des Ketons (I) in einer luftfreien, wäßrigen mizellaren Hexadecyltrimethylammoniumchlorid‐Lösung außer zu den Photoprodukten (II) und (III) auch zur Rückbildung von (I) mit vergrößertem ′3C‐Gehalt führt , der unabhängig vom prozentualen Umsatz von 47.8 auf 63.7% ansteigt.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF GAS‐PHASE Π‐ALLYL RADICALS FROM PROPYLENE OVER BISMUTH OXIDE AND Γ‐BISMUTH MOLYBDATE CATALYSTS
Authors: MARTIR W. , LUNSFORD J. H.
Published: April 2016

Während der partiellen Oxidation von Propylen an Bi2O3 und γ‐Bismutmolybdat als Katalysatoren bei 723 K und einem Druck in der Katalysatorzone zwischen 5·10‐3 und 1 Torr bilden sich Gasphasen‐π‐Allylradikale, die EPR‐spektroskopisch identifiziert und mittels Matrix‐Technik isoliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: AROMATIC FLUORINE DERIVATIVES. XCI. REGIOSPECIFIC FLUORINATION OF POLYFLUOROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS WITH SALTS OF A DIFLUOROBROMONIUM CATION BRF2+
Authors: BARDIN V. V. , FURIN G. G. , YAKOBSON G. G.
Published: April 2016

Bei Fluoriezrungen polyfluorierter Benzole bzw. Toluole (I) und (VI) mit BrF3/BF3 entstehen polyfluorierte 1,4‐Cyclohexadiene (II) und (VII); aus Perfluornaphthalin (X) erhält man analog das Perfluordihydronaphthalin (XI), aus den Pyridinen (XII) die fluorierten Dihydropyridine (XIII).
ChemInform Abstract: PURPORTED FISCHER‐TROPSCH ALKYLATION OF BENZENE: REACTION OF BENZENE WITH ALUMINUM TRICHLORIDE REVISITED
Authors: BENNER L. S. , LAI Y.‐H. , VOLLHARDT K. P. C.
Published: April 2016

In Gegenwart von AlCl3 , W(CO)6 und Diphos ergibt die Titelreaktion von Benzol (I) mit H2 /CO hauptsächlich die Produkte (II) und (III), wobei bei der Anwendung von D2 oder "CO keine markierten Produkte auftreten, wohl aber mit CÖDÖ oder ′3C6H6 im Gemisch mit C6116 vollständige Isotopen‐Verteilung nachweisbar wird.
ChemInform Abstract: BIFUNCTIONAL CHIRAL SYNTHONS VIA MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS. 1. OPTICALLY ACTIVE E 2,4‐DIMETHYLGLUTARIC ACID MONOMETHYL ESTERS
Authors: CHEN C.‐S. , FUJIMOTO Y. , SIH C. J.
Published: April 2016

Enzymatische Reaktion des cis ‐ Dimethylglutarats (I) mit Schweineleber‐Esterase (PLE) führt zur selektiven Hydrolyse an der pro‐(S)‐Estergruppe unter Bildung des Produkts (II) [Charakterisierung als Lactam (III)], während mit Gliocladium roseum (G.r.) durch Hydrolyse an der pro‐(R)‐ Estergruppe der gewünschte Halbester (IV) erhalten wird [Charakterisierung als Lactam (V)].
ChemInform Abstract: AMINOVINYLATION OF CARBOMETHOXYCYCLOPENTADIENE BY YNAMINES: SYNTHESIS OF AMINOFULVENES
Authors: FICINI J. , REVIAL G. , JEANNIN S.
Published: April 2016

Carbomethoxy‐cyclopentadien (I) reagiert mit dem Inamin (II) zu den beiden Amino‐fulvenen (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: PHEROMONAL ACTIVITY OF OPTICAL ISOMERS OF SEX PHEROMONE MIMICS IN THE AMERICAN COCKROACH
Authors: TAKAYANAGI H. , NISHINO C.
Published: April 2016

Zusätzlich zu den bereits bekannten Sexpheromon‐Ersatzstoffen (I) und (IIa) der amerikanischen Schabe Periplaneta americana L. wird der Propionsäureester (IIb) als wirksam erkannt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF TRISUBSTITUTED UREAS WITH AMINE‐CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
Authors: VEIS I. , PUFF E. , OTVOSH L.
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung von dreifach substituiertem Harnstoff (I) mit Hydroxylamin oder Aminosäuren (II) in siedenden verdünnten Alkoholen führt zur Bildung von Hydroxy‐harnstoffen oder Carbamoyl‐substituierten Aminosäuren (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF A SPIROCYCLIC TRISEPOXIDE
Authors: HANACK M. , MICHEL Z. , WINTER W.
Published: April 2016

Die Ketoepoxide (I) werden durch NBS‐Bromierung in die Bromide (II) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOREACTIONS OF DISPIRO(NAPHTHALENE‐1,2′‐NAPHTHO(2,1‐B)PYRAN‐3′,1′′‐NAPHTHALENE)‐2(1H),2′′(1′′H)‐DIONE. A NOVEL CASE OF β‐CARBON‐CARBON CLEAVAGE IN AN ENONE
Authors: KASTURI T. R. , RAJU G. J. , RAMAMURTHY V.
Published: April 2016

Die Belichtung des (R,R)‐Dions (I) ergibt ein Gemisch der Verbindungen (II)‐(VI).
ChemInform Abstract: X‐RAY STUDY OF A NEW HETEROCYCLE: THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF 1,2‐DIBROMO‐1,2‐DIPHENYL‐1,2‐DIHYDROAZETO(1,2‐A)PYRIDINIUM CHLORATE
Authors: GLOVER E. E. , POINTER D. J. , WILFORD J. B. , ELDER M.
Published: April 2016

Die N‐Aminoverbindung (I) wird mit Brom zum Dibromid (II) oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ANOMALOUS ALKYLATION OF SODIUM SALTS OF 2‐METHYLTHIO‐4‐OXOPYRIMIDINES BY α‐HALOKETONES
Authors: IVANOV V. B. , REZNIK V. S. , IVANOV B. E.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Umsetzung des Natrium‐Salzes des 2‐Methylthio‐6‐methyl‐4‐ox0‐ pyrimidins (I) mit α‐Brom‐acetophenon (II) wird mit 94 ‐ 96%iger Ausbeute das Produkt der O‐Alkylierung (III) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF AMINOSULFENATES WITH ALKYL HALIDES
Authors: WENSCHUH E. , KUEHNE U. + , MIKOLAJCZYK M. , BUJNICKI B.
Published: April 2016

Die Aminosulfensäure‐ ester (I) reagieren mit MeI unter S‐Methylierung zu den Methylsulfinylaminen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS CATALYZED BY TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES. II. FORMATION OF A TIN‐CARBON BOND IN THE REACTIONS OF HEXAMETHYLDISTANNAN WITH ORGANIC HALIDES CATALYZED BY PALLADIUM COMPLEXES
Authors: KASHIN A. N. , BUMAGINA I. G. , BUMAGIN N. A. , BAKUNIN V. N. , BELETSKAYA I. P.
Published: April 2016

Durch Bis‐(π‐allyl‐PdCl) in Mengen von l mol‐% katalysierte Reaktionen des Distannans (I) mit den Halogeniden (II) liefern unter milden Bedingungen die Trimethylstannane (III) (Mechanismus).
ChemInform Abstract: METAL CARBONYL COMPLEXES OF A NEW, CATIONIC, WATER‐SOLUBLE PHOSPHINE, (2‐DIPHENYLPHOSPHINOETHYL)TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM IODIDE
Authors: SMITH R. T. , BAIRD M. C.
Published: April 2016

Zur Darstellung von Komplexen des neuen, wasserlöslichen Titelliganden wird dieser als neutrales Aminophosphin eingesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION‐REDUCTION REACTIONS OF COMPLEXES WITH MACROCYCLIC LIGANDS. ROLE OF INTERMEDIATES IN REACTIONS OF μ‐PEROXO‐DICOBALT COMPLEXES
Authors: WONG C.‐L. , ENDICOTT J. F.
Published: April 2016

Der Komplex (I) zersetzt sich langsam in sauren wäßrigen Lösungen (Chlorid, Perchlorat).
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVE REDUCTION OF A HYDROXYMETHYLENE KETO STEROID
Authors: VINCZE I. , SOMLAI CS. , SCHNEIDER GY. , DOMBI GY.
Published: April 2016

Die 15‐Hydroxymethylen‐l 6‐oxo‐3β,17β‐di‐(tetrahydropyranyloxy)‐5‐androsten‐Verbindung (I) wird von Na‐tetrahydridoborat stereoselektiv zu dem 1Soz‐Hydroxymethyl‐löß‐hydroxy‐ Derivat (II) reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVE SUCCINYLATION OF ADENOSINE CATALYZED BY 4‐MORPHOLINE‐N,N′‐DICYCLOHEXYLCARBOXAMIDINE
Authors: SAUER C. , SCHWABE U.
Published: April 2016

Durch direkte Reaktion von Adenosin (I) mit Succinanhydrid (II), katalysiert durch die Titelverbindung (MDCA), unter kinetischen [a), c)] bzw. thermodynamischen Bedingungen [b), d)] ( die Bedingungen c), d) werden jeweils mit überschüssigem (II) durchgeführt) werden verschiedene Succinyl‐Derivate (III) und (IV) in unterschiedlichen Zusammensetzungen und Mengenverhältnissen (Tabelle) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES OF β‐LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS. 1. STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY RELATIONS OF SODIUM 7β‐((Z)‐2‐(2‐AMINO‐4‐THIAZOLYL)‐2‐(METHOXYIMINO)ACETAMIDO)‐3‐CEPHEM‐4‐CARB# OXYLATE (CEFTIZOXIME) AND ITS RELATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: TAKAYA T. , TAKASUGI H. , MASUGI T. , CHIBA T. , KOCHI H. , TAKANO T. , NAKANO H.
Published: April 2016

Es werden die Synthese und die in‐vitro‐Baktericidwirksamkeit einer neuen Gruppe von Breitband‐Cephalosporin‐ Antibiotica (I) mit erhöhter Stabilität gegen β‐Lactamasen beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: KIJANIMICIN. 1. STRUCTURES OF THE INDIVIDUAL SUGAR COMPONENTS
Authors: MALLAMS A. K. , PUAR M. S. , ROSSMAN R. R.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Hydrolysat von Kijanimicin in 0.5 Nmethanolischem HCl (25°C) wurden die Didesoxy‐L‐ribopyranoside (I) (neu) und (II) sowie zwei anomere L‐ribo‐Hexofuranoside und O‐β‐D‐Kijanosyl‐(l ‐ 17)‐kijanolid isoliert, dessen Hydrolyse in 5 N HCl bei 65°C die neuen Nitro‐Zucker α‐ und β‐D‐Kijanosid (III) ergab (Strukturzuschreibungen nach den 1H‐ und 13C‐NMR‐Spektren, für (III) auch nach den Massenspektren).
ChemInform Abstract: ROLE OF WATER VAPOR AND SULFUR COMPOUNDS IN SODIUM VAPORIZATION DURING GLASS MELTING
Authors: SANDERS D. M. , WILKE M. E. , HURWITZ S. , HALLER W. K.
Published: April 2016

Der Einfluß von S‐Verbindungen auf die Verdampfung von Na aus einem Na2O‐Ca0‐SiO2‐Glas wird mit Hilfe einer neuentwickelten, rührbaren Transpirationsapparatur untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: GAS‐PHASE REACTIONS. 21. THERMAL GENERATION OF ALKYL‐ AND HALOKETENES
Authors: BOCK H. , HIRABAYASHI T. , MOHMAND S.
Published: April 2016

Für die pyrolytische Ketenerzeugung aus den Essigsäurederivaten (I) in der Gasphase sind entsprechend unterschiedlicher Reaktionswege steigende Temp. notwendig.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF Δ‐HALOKETONES: ANCHIMERIC ASSISTANCE IN TRIPLET‐STATE Γ‐HYDROGEN ABSTRACTION AND β‐ELIMINATION OF HALOGEN ATOMS FROM THE RESULTING DIRADICALS
Authors: WAGNER P. J. , LINDSTROM M. J. , SEDON J. H. , WARD D. R.
Published: April 2016

Unter UV‐Einwirkung zerfallen die ö‐Halogenalkylketone (I) über ein Ketyl‐Halogen‐Radikalpaar im Triplettzustand und ein Diradikal zum Alken (II) sowie ‐ mit Ausnahme des Iodids ‐ unter β‐Spaltung zu den Produkten (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: GAS‐PHASE ACID‐INDUCED NUCLEOPHILIC DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS. 4. A STEREOCHEMICAL PROBE FOR THE EXISTENCE AND THE RELATIVE STABILITY OF CYCLIC HALONIUM IONS IN THE GAS PHASE
Authors: ANGELINI G. , SPERANZA M.
Published: April 2016

Die threo‐ oder erythro‐Dihalogenbutane wie z.B. (I) reagieren mit den radiolytisch aus den Trägergasen CH4 oder CH3F erzeugten Brqßnsted‐ oder Lewis‐Säuren z.B. CH; oder CH3FCH; und H2O zu den Halogenhydrinen (III) und (IV) mit Gesamtausb.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐FLUOROALKYLAMINES AS A NEW SOURCE OF UNHYDRATED FLUORIDE ION. 2. α,α‐DIFLUOROTRIMETHYLAMINE
Authors: KNUNYANTS I. L. , DELYAGINA N. I. , IGUMNOV S. M.
Published: April 2016

α,α‐Difluor‐trimethylamin (I) reagiert aus der Zwischenstufe (II) mit den Ketoverbindungen (III) und (VI) unter Abspaltung von COF2 zu den Derivaten (V) bzw. (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF Z‐ AND E‐POLYUNSATURATED ISOPRENOIDS WITH FUNCTIONAL GROUPS INITIATING ELECTROPHILIC CYCLIZATION
Authors: SEMENOVSKII A. V. , MIZYUK V. L. , ODINOKOV V. N. , AKHUNOVA V. R. , TOLSTIKOV G. A.
Published: April 2016

Es wird die selektive Umsetzung von Ketoaldehyden wie (I) und (VIII) zu mehrfach ungesättigten Aldehyden wie (III) bzw. (X) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: MACROEXPANSION METHODOLOGY: AN EFFICIENT EIGHT UNIT RING EXPANSION
Authors: WENDER P. A. , SIEBURTH S. MCN.
Published: April 2016

Cyclohexenoxid (I) liefert in der angegebenen Weise den ungesättigten Aldehyd (II), der durch Wittig‐Reaktion, Reduktion und erneute partielle Oxidation zum Dienon (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A ONE‐STEP SYNTHESIS OF 2,6‐DISUBSTITUTED ANILINES FROM ALIPHATIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: CAMPS P. , JAIME C. , MOLAS J.
Published: April 2016

Ketone reagieren über ihre Enamine (I) mit dem 1,3‐Dichlor‐1,3‐dimethoxy‐propan (II) über diskutierte Zwischenstufen zu den 2,6‐disubstituierten Anilinen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CHIRALITY TRANSFER. A STEREOSPECIFIC PALLADIUM SALT CATALYZED PHENYLATION OF CHIRAL BUTENOLS
Authors: SMADJA W. , CZERNECKI S. , VILLE G. , GEORGOULIS C.
Published: April 2016

Die stereoisomeren 1‐Buten‐3‐ole (Ia) und (Ib) reagieren mit Iodbenzol (II) in Gegenwart von bestimmten Pd‐Komplexen unter teilweiser optischer Iriduzierung zu den Phenylierungsprodukten (III) neben dem Umlagerungsprodukt (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐PHOTOAROMATIZATION. PART III. THE PREPARATION OF A STABLE 8‐OXATRICYCLO(4.3.0.07,9)NONA‐2,4‐DIENE AND AN EVALUATION OF ITS POTENTIAL AS A SOURCE FOR THE PHOTOCHEMICAL GENERATION OF OXIRENE
Authors: WARRENER R. N. , RUSSELL R. A. , TAN R. Y. S.
Published: April 2016

Das aus (I) und (II) erhaltene Addukt (III) wird selektiv zu (IV) epoxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: EPOXIDATION OF OLEFINS BY HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF TETRACHLOROACETONE
Authors: STARK C. J.
Published: April 2016

(IX).
ChemInform Abstract: SOME 7‐SUBSTITUTED‐4‐(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)COUMARINS
Authors: BISSELL E. R. , LARSON D. K. , CROUDACE M. C.
Published: April 2016

Im Zusammenhang mit verschiedenen natürlichen Cumarinen, die als Farbaufheller, Pharmaka und/ oder Laserfarbstoffe Verwendung finden, ist es notwendig, Cumarine auf synthetischem Wege zu gewinnen.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTION OF 3‐METHYLBUT‐2‐ENAL WITH TRYPTAMINE AND ITS DERIVATIVES. A SUGGESTION FOR THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF AUSTAMIDE
Authors: HARRISON D. M.
Published: April 2016

L‐Tryptophan‐methylester (Ia) oder auch L‐Tryptamin (Ib) kondensieren zu den Schjffschen Basen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: SILA PHARMACA. 23. 9,9‐DIMETHYL‐10‐(3‐DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYL)‐9‐SILAACRIDANE, A SILA ANALOG OF DIMETACRINE, AND STRUCTURALLY RELATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: WIESE D. , TACKE R. , WANNAGAT U.
Published: April 2016

Das Sila‐Dimetacrin (VIIIa), ein Sila‐Analoges des Psychopharmakons Dimetacrin, und sein N,N‐ Diethyl‐Derivat (VIIIb) sowie sein 3‐Chlor‐Derivat (VIIIc) werden, von den o‐Halogenanilinen (I) ausgehend, über die teilweise unbekannten Stufen (II)‐(VII) synthetisiert, in ihren Eigenschaften beschrieben und in ihrer Struktur über Elementaranalysen, 1H‐NMR‐ und Massenspektren sichergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF PHOSPHORUS N‐ALKYL‐N‐2‐PROPYNYLAMIDO ACID CHLORIDES
Authors: BAYANDINA E. V. , SADKOVA D. N. , NURETDINOV I. A.
Published: April 2016

Phosphoroxychlorid (I) reagiert mit den N‐Alkyl‐N‐2‐propinyl‐aminen (II) zu den Dichloriden (III) der Amidophosphorsäuren.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF β‐DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS WITH DIALKYLSILYLPHOSPHITES AND TRIALKYLPHOSPHITES. STERIC STRUCTURE OF THE PRODUCTS
Authors: OFITSEROVA E. KH. , IVANOVA O. E. , OFITSEROV E. N. , KONOVALOVA I. V. , PUDOVIK A. N.
Published: April 2016

Die Dialkyltrimethylsilylphosphite (Ia) und (Ib) reagieren mit Acetessigsäureethylester (II) zu den Phosphonaten (IIIa) und (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: O,O‐BIS(POLYFLUOROALKYL)TRICHLOROMETHYLPHOSPHONATES
Authors: MAKAROV A. M. , GABOV N. I.
Published: April 2016

Aus Tetrachlorkohlenstoff (I), Aluminiumchlorid (II) und Phosphortrichlorid (III) entsteht der Komplex (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHOLANES CONTAINING A HYDRAZONE FRAGMENT IN THE COMPOSITION OF THE MOLECULE
Authors: PUDOVIK M. A. , GADZHIEV G. YU. , DZHALILOV E. YU. , MEDVEDEVA M. D. , PUDOVIK A. N.
Published: April 2016

Die β‐Hydroxy‐ethyl‐hydrazone von Aldehyden oder Ketonen (I) reagieren mit Di‐ bzw. Triamiden der Phosphorig‐ Säure (II) zu den 1,3,2‐Oxaza‐phospholanen (IIIa)‐(IIIc).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF COMPOUNDS WITH A MIVA‐MERCURY BOND. PRECURSORS OF MONOVALENT (GERMYNES), DIVALENT (GERMYLENES), METAL‐CENTERED RADICALS AND GERMANIUM BIRADICAL INTERMEDIATES
Authors: RIVIERE P. , CASTEL A. , SATGE J.
Published: April 2016

Gei 4 ZGe = Ge( . ‐ Hydrogermane (I) reagieren mit Dibutylquecksilber (II) zu Bis‐germylquecksilberverbindungen (III), die beim Erhitzen unter Quecksilberabspaltung in Digermane (IV) übergehen.
ChemInform Abstract: 5T2⇌1A1 AND 6A1⇌2T2 SPIN TRANSITIONS IN IRON(II) AND IRON(III) COMPLEXES OF 2,2′‐BI‐2‐IMIDAZOLINE AND RELATED LIGANDS
Authors: BURNETT M. G. , MCKEE V. , NELSON S. M.
Published: April 2016

Die F e(II)‐ und Ni(II)‐Komplexe (Ia), (Ib) und (III) (Ausb. 50%) sowie die Fe(III)‐Komplexe (Ic) werden durch Umsetzung von Fe(II)‐perchlorat oder ‐tetraphenylborat, Ni‐perchlorat oder Fe(III)‐ perchlorat mit den Liganden in Ethanol synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: NICKEL(II) COMPLEXES OF 1,3‐(N,N′)‐DIMETHYLIMIDAZOLINE‐2‐THIONE
Authors: O'NEILL M. E. , RAPER E. S. , DANIELS J. A.
Published: April 2016

Durch Rückflußkochen von 1‐Methylimidazol und Mel in Ethylacetat und anschließende Zugabe von Schwefel und K‐carbonat wurde der Ligand dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: REDOX PROPERTIES OF TETRACHLOROBIS(DIMETHYLPHENYLPHOSPHINE)IRIDIUM: THE SYNTHESIS OF HALIDE‐BRIDGED MIXED‐METAL MIXED‐VALENCE COMPLEXES AND THE CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF CD‐DI‐μ‐CHLORO‐AGH‐TRICHLORO‐EF‐BIS(DIMETHYLPHENYLPHOSPHINE)‐B‐TRIMETHYLARSI# NEPALLADIUM(II)IRIDIUM(III)
Authors: BRIANT C. E. , ROWLAND K. A. , WEBBER C. T. , MINGOS D. M. P.
Published: April 2016

Der Tetrachloro‐bis‐[phosphin]‐Ir(IV)‐Komplex (II) ist ein Einelektronen‐Oxidationsreagenz.
ChemInform Abstract: NATURALLY OCCURRING TERPENE DERIVATIVES. 355. SYNTHESIS OF THREE EUDESMANE DERIVATIVES ISOLATED FROM ISOCOMA WRIGHTII
Authors: BOHLMANN F. , KASSNER H.
Published: April 2016

Um die biologischen Eigenschaften der aus Isocoma wrightii isolierten antibiotisch wirksamen γ‐Cyperon‐Derivate (VII) eingehend untersuchen zu können, war für diese Diketone eine Synthese notwendig.
ChemInform Abstract: PHYLLOCLADAN‐16β‐OL (13β‐KAURAN‐16β‐OL)
Authors: CARMAN R. M.
Published: April 2016

Phyllocladen (I) wird zum Keton (II) ozonisiert, dessen Grignard‐Reaktion mit MeMgI ausschließlich das Titelisomere (III) liefert, das als Acetat (IV) und Dinitrobenzoat (V) charakterisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: STEROIDS. PART 68. A NEW SYNTHESIS OF FORMYLSTEROIDS
Authors: HUEBNER M. + , PONSOLD K.
Published: April 2016

Die α‐Azido‐β‐methylhydroxysteroide (I), (IV), (VII) und (X) werden mit POCla unter Entzug von Wasser in die entsprechenden Azidomethylensteroide (II), (V), (VIII) und (XI) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐DIPHENYLMETHYLSILYLETHYL GROUP AS A NEW PROTECTING GROUP OF INTERNUCLEOTIDIC PHOSPHATES IN OLIGONUCLEOTIDE SYNTHESIS
Authors: HONDA S. , HATA T.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Bis‐(p‐methoxyphenylthio)‐ phosphatanion (I) erhält man mit dem Carbinol (II) den Dithiophosphorsäureester (III), der zum Phosphat (IV) verseift wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF NEW WATER‐SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS‐ AND NITROGEN‐CONTAINING FIREPROOFING COMPOUNDS
Authors: ZUBKOVA N. S. , TYUGANOVA M. A. , SHABLYGIN M. V. , KIREEV V. B.
Published: April 2016

Umsetzung von Alkylphosphonsäuredichloriden (IV), die auf dem im Formelschema skizzierten Weg zugänglich sind, mit Rhodaniden (V) führt zu den Isothiocyanaten (VI).
Aromatic Amide Polymers that Form Two Helical Conformations with Twist Sense Bias in Water
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Zekun , Zhang Liang , Wang Hui , Zhang Danwei , Hou Junli , Li Zhanting
Published: April 2016

Two benzene/2,2′‐bipyridine‐alternately incorporated amide polymers have been prepared, which are driven by hydrophobicity to form two different helical conformations. Both helices exhibit twist sense bias in water induced by chiral valine side chains and the coordination of the 2,2′‐bipyridine unit to the Ni2+ ions.
Molybdenum Carbide Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Xerogel: Low‐Cost Cathodes for Hydrogen Production by Alkaline Water Electrolysis
Authors: Šljukić Biljana , Santos Diogo M. F. , Vujković Milica , Amaral Luís , Rocha Raquel P. , Sequeira César A. C. , Figueiredo José L.
Published: April 2016

Low‐cost molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and on carbon xerogel (CXG) were prepared and their activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was evaluated in 8 m KOH aqueous electrolyte at 25–85 °C. Measurements of the HER by linear scan voltammetry allowed us to determine Tafel slopes of 71 and 74 mV dec−1 at 25 °C for Mo2C/CNT and Mo2C/CXG, respectively. Stability tests were also performed, which showed the steady performance of the two electrocatalysts. Moreover, the HER kinetics at Mo2C/CNT was enhanced significantly after the long‐term stability tests. The specific activity of both materials was high, and a higher stability was obtained for the activated Mo2C/CNT (40 A g−1 at −0.40 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode).
Role of Oxygen Defects on the Photocatalytic Properties of Mg‐Doped Mesoporous Ta3N5
Authors: Xie Yinghao , Wang Yawei , Chen Zuofeng , Xu Xiaoxiang
Published: April 2016

Tantalum nitride (Ta3N5) highlights an intriguing paradigm for converting solar energy into chemical fuels. However, its photocatalytic properties are strongly governed by various intrinsic/extrinsic defects. In this work, we successfully prepared a series of Mg‐doped mesoporous Ta3N5 using a simple method. The photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties were investigated from the viewpoint of how defects such as accumulation of oxygen and nitrogen vacancies contribute to the catalytic activity. Our findings suggest that Mg doping is accompanied by an accumulation of oxygen species and a simultaneous elimination of nitrogen vacancies in Ta3N5. These oxygen species in Ta3N5 induce delocalized shallow donor states near the conduction band minimum and are responsible for high electron mobility. The superior photocatalytic activity of Mg‐doped Ta3N5 can then be understood by the improved electron–hole separation as well as the lack of nitrogen vacancies, which often serve as charge‐recombination centers.
Revealing the Origin of Activity in Nitrogen‐Doped Nanocarbons towards Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Xu Junyuan , Kan Yuhe , Huang Rui , Zhang Bingsen , Wang Bolun , Wu Kuang‐Hsu , Lin Yangming , Sun Xiaoyan , Li Qingfeng , Centi Gabriele , Su Dangsheng
Published: April 2016

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are functionalized with nitrogen atoms for reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2). The investigation explores the origin of the catalyst′s activity and the role of nitrogen chemical states therein. The catalysts show excellent performances, with about 90 % current efficiency for CO formation and stability over 60 hours. The Tafel analyses and density functional theory calculations suggest that the reduction of CO2 proceeds through an initial rate‐determining transfer of one electron to CO2, which leads to the formation of carbon dioxide radical anion (CO2.−). The initial reduction barrier is too high on pristine CNTs, resulting in a very high overpotentials at which the hydrogen evolution reaction dominates over CO2 reduction. The doped nitrogen atoms stabilize the radical anion, thereby lowering the initial reduction barrier and improving the intrinsic activity. The most efficient nitrogen chemical state for this reaction is quaternary nitrogen, followed by pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen.
Building a truly inclusive campus starts with student identity
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: April 2016

PHOENIX — Making the transition to a postsecondary education institution is often a time of both great growth and potential alienation. Helping students identify as their authentic selves and creating a community built around helping students express that authenticity is a crucial part of retaining your students through to degree completion.
Bortezomib treatment diminishes hazelnut‐induced intestinal anaphylaxis in mice
Authors: Mudnakudu Nagaraju Kiran Kumar , Babina Magda , Weise Christin , Kühl Anja , Schulzke Joerg , Worm Margitta
Published: April 2016

Food allergy is a common health problem and can cause anaphylaxis. Avoidance of the offending food allergen is still the mainstay therapeutic approach. In this study, we investigated the role of plasma cell reduction by proteasome inhibition in a murine model of food allergy and examined the impact of this treatment on the systemic and local immune response. For this purpose, intestinal anaphylaxis was induced in BALB/c mice with the food allergen hazelnut, in conjunction with different adjuvants (alum and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B SEB) and different administration routes (oral and intraperitoneal). In both models, allergy symptoms were observed, but the clinical severity was more pronounced in the hazelnut‐alum model than in the hazelnut‐SEB model. Accordingly, allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) against hazelnut was detectable, and mast cell protease‐1 in serum was increased after allergen provocation. Treatment with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib reduced plasma cells and resulted in an abolishment of hazelnut allergen‐specific IgE, which was associated with amelioration of clinical symptoms as well as a significant decrease in both CD19+ and follicular B lymphocytes. Our data demonstrate the importance of allergen‐specific IgE in food allergy and point to B cells as potential therapeutic targets for its treatment.
Expressive Suppression of Emotions and Overeating in Individuals with Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Görlach Mirja Gianna , Kohlmann Sebastian , Shedden‐Mora Meike , Rief Winfried , Westermann Stefan
Published: April 2016

Emotions have a considerable impact on eating behaviour; however, research addressing emotion regulation in obesity is rare. The present study is the first to investigate the association between emotional suppression and overeating in individuals with overweight.

In total, 314 participants including 190 individuals with obesity filled in a cross‐sectional online survey, which assessed emotional suppression, eating behaviour and psychopathology. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with overeating.

Individuals with obesity reported more frequent overeating compared with individuals without obesity. The habitual use of emotional suppression was associated with more overeating; however, this link was moderated by increased body mass index (BMI).

The results suggest that suppression of emotional expression contributes to overeating and is maladaptive especially in individuals with obesity. Further research should longitudinally investigate the predictive value of emotional suppression on overweight, as the training of emotion regulation could contribute to treating obesity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Electrochemical Analysis of a System Based on W and Ni Combined with CeO2 as Potential Sulfur‐tolerant SOFC Anode
Authors: Escudero M. J. , Fuerte A.
Published: April 2016

A formulation of tungsten and nickel combined with CeO2 (WNi‐Ce) was prepared and evaluated as sulfur‐tolerant anode for SOFC at intermediate temperature. Structural and morphological changes that take place in the system upon interactions with hydrogen sulfide were analyzed. The electrochemical performance was tested in a single cell, WNi‐Ce/LDC/LSGM/LSFC, varying H2S concentration (0–500 ppm) at 750 °C using I–V curves, impedance spectroscopy and load demands. The highest cell performance was reached in H2 and decrease with H2S content increase in the fuel from 226 mW cm−2 in pure H2 to 108 mW cm−2 in 500 ppm H2S/H2. Essentially, no decay in the cell performance was observed in the several short‐term load tests studied under several H2S concentration (0–500 ppm) during 1h, and even in 500 ppm H2S/H2 during 70 h, indicating that this material could be a potential sulfur‐tolerant anode.
Investigating the BSA protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion of Al‐alloy surfaces after creating a hierarchical (micro/nano) superhydrophobic structure
Authors: Moazzam Parisa , Razmjou Amir , Golabi Mohsen , Shokri Dariush , Landarani‐Isfahani Amir
Published: April 2016

Bacterial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation on metals such as aluminum (Al) alloys lead to serious issues in biomedical and industrial fields from both an economical and health perspective. Here, we showed that a careful manipulation of Al surface characteristics via a facile two‐steps superhydrophobic modification can provide not only biocompatibility and an ability to control protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion, but also address the issue of apparent long‐term toxicity of Al‐alloys. To find out the roles of surface characteristics, surface modification and protein adsorption on microbial adhesion and biofilm formation, the surfaces were systematically characterized by SEM, EDX, XPS, AFM, FTIR, water contact angle (WCA) goniometry, surface free energy (SFE) measurement, MTT, Bradford, Lowry and microtiter plate assays and also flow‐cytometry and potentiostat analyses. Results showed that WCA and SFE changed from 70° to 163° and 36.3 to 0.13 mN m−1, respectively. The stable and durable modification led to a substantial reduction in static/dynamic BSA adsorption. The effect of such a treatment on the biofilm formation was analyzed by using three different bacteria ofPseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus epidermidis,andStaphylococcus aureus. The microtiter plate assay and flow cytometry analysis showed that the modification not only could substantially reduce the bacterial adhesion but this biofouling resistance is independent of bacterium type. An excellent cell viability after exposure of HeLa cells to waters incubated with the modified samples was observed. Finally, the corrosion rate reduced sharply from 856.6 to 0.119 MPY after superhydrophobic modifications, which is an excellent stable corrosion inhibition property. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2220–2233, 2016.
Aprotinin extends mechanical integrity time of cell‐seeded fibrin sutures
Authors: Coffin Spencer T. , Gaudette Glenn R.
Published: April 2016

Cell therapy has the potential to treat different pathologies, including myocardial infarctions (heart attacks), although cell engraftment remains elusive with most delivery methods. Biological sutures composed of fibrin have been shown to effectively deliver human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) to infarcted hearts. However, human MSCs rapidly degrade fibrin making cell seeding and delivery time sensitive. To delay the degradation process, we propose using Aprotinin, a proteolytic enzyme inhibitor that has been shown to slow fibrinolysis. Human MSCs seeded on fibrin sutures and incubated with Aprotinin demonstrated similar cell viability, examined using a LIVE/DEAD stain, to controls. No differences in proliferation, as determined by Ki‐67 presence, were observed. Human MSCs incubated in Aprotinin differentiated into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes, confirming multipotency. The number of cells adhered to fibrin sutures increased through Aprotinin supplementation at 2, 3, and 5 day time points. Uniaxial tensile testing was used to examine the effect of Aprotinin on suture integrity. Sutures exposed to Aprotinin had higher ultimate tensile strength and modulus when compared to sutures exposed to standard growth media. Fibrin sutures incubated in Aprotinin had larger diameters and less fibrin degradation products compared to the controls, confirming decreased fibrinolysis. These data suggest that Aprotinin can reduce degradation of fibrin sutures without significant effects on MSC function, providing a novel method for extending the implantation window and increasing the number of cells delivered via fibrin sutures. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2271–2279, 2016.
Regioselectivity of 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Benzonitrile Oxide to Alkenyl Boronic Esters: An Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Jeong Jo , Zong Kyukwan , Choe Joong Chul
Published: April 2016

1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition reactions of benzonitrile oxide to monosubstituted or 1,1‐disubstituted alkenyl boronic ester gave only 2‐isoxazolines, bearing the boronic ester group at the 5‐position of the ring. On the other hand, the cycloaddition reactions of benzonitrile oxide with trans‐1,2‐disubstituted alkenyl boronic esters produced 2‐isoxazolines, bearing the boronic ester group at the 4‐position of the ring. We used quantum mechanical calculations to investigate two regioisomeric channels that were associated with the formation of 2‐isoxazolines, bearing the boronic ester group at the 4‐position or 5‐position. The study revealed that the experimental results agreed well with the parameters based on the transition state energies in gas or solvent phase. The study also informed that all the cycloaddition reactions proceed in a spontaneous and exergonic fashion.
Implications of climate change predictions for UK cropping and prospects for possible mitigation: a review of challenges and potential responses
Authors: Rial‐Lovera Karen , Davies W Paul , Cannon Nicola D
Published: April 2016

The UK, like the rest of the world, is confronting the impacts of climate change. Further changes are expected and they will have a profound effect on agriculture. Future crop production will take place against increasing CO2 levels and temperatures, decreasing water availability, and increasing frequency of extreme weather events. This review contributes to research on agricultural practices for climate change, but with a more regional perspective. The present study explores climate change impacts on UK agriculture, particularly food crop production, and how to mitigate and build resilience to climate change by adopting and/or changing soil management practices, including fertilisation and tillage systems, new crop adoption and variety choice. Some mitigation can be adopted in the shorter term, such as changes in crop type and reduction in fertiliser use, but in other cases the options will need greater investment and longer adaptation period. This is the case for new crop variety development and deployment, and possible changes to soil cultivations. Uncertainty of future weather conditions, particularly extreme weather, also affect decision‐making for adoption of practices by farmers to ensure more stable and sustainable production. Even when there is real potential for climate change mitigation, it can sometimes be more difficult to accomplish with certainty on‐farm. Better future climate projections and long‐term investments will be required to create more resilient agricultural systems in the UK in the face of climate change challenges. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Soil Conservation in Europe: Wish or Reality?
Authors: Panagos Panos , Imeson Anton , Meusburger Katrin , Borrelli Pasquale , Poesen Jean , Alewell Christine
Published: April 2016

Nearly all of Europe is affected by soil erosion. A major policy response is required to reverse the impacts of erosion in degraded areas, particularly in light of the current climate change and water crisis. Soil loss occurs not because of any lack of knowledge on how to protect soils, but a lack in policy governance. The average rate of soil loss by sheet and rill erosion in Europe is 2·46 Mg ha−1 yr−1. To mitigate the impacts of soil erosion, the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy has introduced conservation measures which reduce soil loss by water erosion by 20% in arable lands. Further economic and political action should rebrand the value of soil as part of ecosystem services, increase the income of rural land owners, involve young farmers and organize regional services for licensing land use changes. In a changing World of 9 billion people with the challenge of climate change, water scarcity and depletion of soil fertility, the agriculture economy should evolve taking into account environmental and ecological aspects. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Land Degradation & Development Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Oxygen imaging at the sediment‐water interface using lifetime‐based laser induced fluorescence (τLIF) of nano‐sized particles
Authors: Murniati E. , Gross D. , Herlina H. , Hancke K. , Glud R.N. , Lorke A.
Published: April 2016

Most applications of laser induced fluorescence (LIF) for dissolved oxygen (DO) imaging in flowing water are based on luminescence intensity measurements of a dissolved indicator. A major limitation for applying the technique in the bottom boundary layer (BBL) is the sorption of the luminescent dye to organic surfaces at the sediment. Many sediment and soil studies have used planar optodes on transparent foils as an imaging technique for observing concentration distributions across the sediment‐water interface. The presence of the foil, however, is restricting the free flow and therewith the DO concentration above the sediment surface. In this study, we applied the phosphorescence lifetime LIF (τLIF) technique in combination with nanoparticles coated with platinum complexes as DO indicators. By using a planar laser light sheet for fluorescence excitation, the three‐dimensional flow field around the sampling area is not restricted. In contrast to the intensity‐based LIF technique, this method extracts the lifetime of the luminescence by evaluating the exponential decrease of the phosphorescence intensity after a short excitation light pulse. The method is therefore independent of dye concentration and is not affected by spatial inhomogeneities of the excitation light intensity. We applied the technique to visualize the burrow‐ventilation activity of the tube‐dwelling Chironomus plumosus larvae. Sequences of the two‐dimensional DO concentration distributions showed the intermittent outburst of highly‐depleted plumes from the outlet of the burrows, which mixed rapidly with the ambient oxygen‐rich water.
All uncountable cardinals in the Gitik model are almost Ramsey and carry Rowbottom filters
Authors: Apter Arthur W. , Dimitriou Ioanna M. , Koepke Peter
Published: April 2016

Using the analysis developed in our earlier paper , we show that every uncountable cardinal in Gitik's model of in which all uncountable cardinals are singular is almost Ramsey and is also a Rowbottom cardinal carrying a Rowbottom filter. We assume that the model of is constructed from a proper class of strongly compact cardinals, each of which is a limit of measurable cardinals. Our work consequently reduces the best previously known upper bound in consistency strength for the theory + “All uncountable cardinals are singular” + “Every uncountable cardinal is both almost Ramsey and a Rowbottom cardinal carrying a Rowbottom filter”.
On free MV algebras and a problem of Tarski
Authors: Nola Antonio Di , Lenzi Giacomo , Vitale Gaetano
Published: April 2016

In this paper we prove that the first order theories of the free MV algebras with finitely many generators are different from each other. This answers to the MV algebra analogue of a well‐known (now solved) problem of Tarski for groups.
Synthesis and Characterization of Conducting Copolymers PANi‐PTh for Photovoltaic Cell Applications
Authors: Takpire S. R. , Waghuley S. A.
Published: April 2016

During the last decade the field of polymer photovoltaic has seen a tremendous improvement in both device efficiency and understanding of the underlying optical properties. A class of new conjugated copolymers containing a donor polythiophene (PTh) and polyaniline (PANi) was synthesized via Chemical polymerization by using TiCl4 as a oxidizing agent. The resulting copolymer was characterized by FTIR, XRD, FE‐SEM analysis. We fabricated organic photovoltaic cell device by using as‐prepared composite. Copolymer photovoltaic cell of a bulk heterojunction was fabricated on ITO glass plates with the structure of ITO/copolymer/ITO. The photovoltaic parameter such as open‐circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), short‐circuit current (Isc), were measured. The conversion efficiency for as fabricated photovoltaic cell was found to be 0.23%.
Optical Study of Chemically Synthesized Conducting Polythiophene Using UV–Vis Spectroscopy
Authors: Wadatkar Narendra S. , Waghuley S. A.
Published: April 2016

This research article was intended to examine the optical properties of as‐synthesized conducting polythiophene (PTh). Thiophene, the monomer of PTh, has been polymerized through chemically oxidative polymerization method in the presence of an oxidant anhydrous ferric chloride (FeCl3). The surface morphology of prepared sample was analyzed through FE‐SEM, which shows irregular structure and spongy amorphous morphology. The UV–vis spectroscopy was performed to study optical parameters. This polymeric material exhibited absorption around 200–250 nm. The optical band gap energy values of prepared samples ranges over 4.033–4.688 eV. The estimated optical band gap energy has accepted value for photovoltaic activities and has potential for application in solar cells and optical devices.
Expression and behavior of the solutions of some rational recursive sequences
Authors: Elsayed E. M.
Published: April 2016

We obtain in this paper the expression of the solutions of the following recursive sequences:

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma3953:mma3953-math-0001
where the initial conditions are arbitrary real numbers. Also, we study the behavior of the solution of these equations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics Of acetylcholine‐receptor‐antibody–negative myasthenia gravis in a South African cohort
Authors: Huda Saif , Woodhall Mark R. , Vincent Angela , Heckmann Jeannine M.
Published: April 2016

Introduction

In this study we determined the frequencies of antibodies (Abs) directed against muscle‐specific kinase (MuSK) and lipoprotein receptor–related protein 4 (LRP4) in the sera of a South African cohort with acetylcholine receptor (AChR)‐antibody–negative generalized MG and determined outcomes to therapies.

Methods

Sera negative by commercial AChR radioimmunoassay (RIA) were tested by MuSK RIA (n = 30; 2006–2012) and AChR, MuSK, and LRP4 RIA with or without cell‐based assays (CBA) (n = 53; 2012–2015).

Results

AChR‐Abs were detected in 4 of 53 and MuSK‐Abs in 20 of 83 (24%) cases. Thirty‐six of 53 (68%) were triple seronegative (triple‐SNMG) for MuSK, AChR, and LRP4‐Abs. When compared with triple‐SNMG, individuals with MuSK‐MG had a younger onset age (P = 0.008), a greater likelihood of African genetic ancestry (P = 0.008), and 4‐fold higher odds of reaching MGFA grade IVB/V (P = 0.018), but were also 9‐fold more likely to reach at least minimal manifestations status after ≥12 months of therapy (P = 0.003).

Conclusions

Individuals with African genetic ancestry and severe bulbar/respiratory AChR‐Ab–negative MG are likely to have MuSK‐MG, but most respond favorably to maintenance immunotherapies. Muscle Nerve 54: 1023–1029, 2016
Dysferlin quantification in monocytes for rapid screening for dysferlinopathies
Authors: Sánchez‐Chapul Laura , Ángel‐Muñoz Miguel Del , Ruano‐Calderón Luis , Luna‐Angulo Alexandra , Coral‐Vázquez Ramón , Hernández‐Hernández Óscar , Magaña Jonathan J. , León‐Hernández Saúl R. , Escobar‐Cedillo Rosa E. , Vargas Steven
Published: April 2016

Introduction: In this study, we determined normal levels of dysferlin expression in CD14+ monocytes by flow cytometry (FC) as a screening tool for dysferlinopathies. Methods: Monocytes from 183 healthy individuals and 29 patients were immunolabeled, run on an FACScalibur flow cytometer, and analyzed by FlowJo software. Results: The relative quantity of dysferlin was expressed as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). Performance of this diagnostic test was assessed by calculating likelihood ratios at different MFI cut‐off points, which allowed definition of 4 disease classification groups in a simplified algorithm. Conclusion: The MFI value may differentiate patients with dysferlinopathy from healthy individuals; it may be a useful marker for screening purposes. Muscle Nerve 54: 1064–1071, 2016
Depression and healthcare service utilization in patients with cancer
Authors: Mausbach Brent T. , Irwin Scott A.
Published: April 2016

Objective

It is estimated that as many as 38% of cancer patients suffer from depression, which may have distal impacts on cancer care, including clinical outcomes, health care utilization, and cost of care. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of depression on overall healthcare utilization among patients with cancer.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of administrative data was conducted on 5055 patients with an ICD‐9 diagnosis of cancer from a single large healthcare system. Of these, 561 (11.1%) had ICD‐9 diagnoses consistent with a depressive disorder. Negative binomial regression modeling was used to test the association between depression status and total annual healthcare visits for the year 2011. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between depression and secondary outcomes of emergency department visit, overnight hospitalization, and 30‐day hospital readmission.

Results

After adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, insurance type, medical comorbidities, length of time with cancer, and metastatic status, depressed patients had significantly more annual non‐mental health provider healthcare visits (aRR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.61–1.93), and were significantly more likely to have an ED visit (OR = 2.45; 95% CI = 1.97–3.04), overnight hospitalization (OR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.49–2.20), and 30‐day hospital readmission (OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.48–2.79) than non‐depressed patients with cancer.

Conclusions

Among patients with cancer, the presence of depression was associated with greater healthcare utilization. Effective screening for, and management of, depression may help reduce overall healthcare utilization and cost while improving care quality.

Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of substrate temperature on the plasma texturing process of c‐Si wafers for black silicon solar cells
Authors: Murias D. , Moreno M. , Reyes‐Betanzo C. , Torres A. , Rosales P. , Martínez J. , Ambrosio R. , Roca i Cabarrocas P. , Carlos N. , Itzmoyotl A.
Published: April 2016

We report on a study of the effect of the substrate temperature on the formation of black silicon on c‐Si wafers and consequently on the reduction of the wafer surface diffuse reflectance. We observed that lower substrate temperatures enhance the texturing processes producing completely black silicon surfaces. The optimized substrate temperature (2.5 °C) used during the plasma process has resulted in the formation of well‐defined pyramid‐like structures as is done by wet processes. Moreover, the textured c‐Si wafers have very low diffuse reflectance values, as low as 3%, which are much lower than those values obtained using wet texturing processes based on KOH and NaOH solutions (which are in the range of 12–14%).
The long and the short of it
Authors: Parnell‐Berry Bel
Published: April 2016

Recently market research has become more tactical in nature than strategic‐both in terms of planning as well as methodological approach. Although both known (and evidenced–cf Insights 2020 project) that insightful strategic approaches lead to holistic understanding of business issues, better decision making, and more profitable, in recent years short‐term research tactics have proved more popular amongst certain stakeholders. This is more evident in the case of FMCG research than other sectors (given that it is the largest “buyer of research–GMR 2015), where uncertain economic conditions do not always sit comfortably with the “speed” required of Consumer Packaged Goods.