bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wavelet Compressive Sampling Signal Reconstruction Using Upside‐Down Tree Structure
Authors: Zhao Yijiu , Zhuang Xiaoyan , Dai Zhijian , Wang Houjun
Published: December 2011

This paper suggests an upside‐down tree‐based orthogonal matching pursuit (UDT‐OMP) compressive sampling signal reconstruction method in wavelet domain. An upside‐down tree for the wavelet coefficients of signal is constructed, and an improved version of orthogonal matching pursuit is presented. The proposed algorithm reconstructs compressive sampling signal by exploiting the upside‐down tree structure of the wavelet coefficients of signal besides its sparsity in wavelet basis. Compared with conventional greedy pursuit algorithms: orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) and tree‐based orthogonal matching pursuit (TOMP), signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) using UDT‐OMP is significantly improved.
Electrocatalytic Activity for CO, MeOH, and EtOH Oxidation on the Surface of Pt-Ru Nanoparticles Supported by Metal Oxide
Authors: Sim Kwang-Sik , Lim Sin-Mook , Kwen Hai-Doo , Choi Seong-Ho
Published: December 2011

This paper describes the electrocatalytic activity for CO, MeOH, and EtOH oxidation on the surface of Pt-Ru nanoparticles supported by metal oxide (Nb-TiO2-H) prepared for use in a fuel cell. To prepare Nb-TiO2-supported Pt-Ru nanoparticles, first, the Nb-TiO2supports were prepared by sol-gel reaction of titanium tetraisopropoxide with a small amount of the niobium ethoxide in polystyrene (PS) colloids. Second, Pt-Ru nanoparticles were then deposited by chemical reduction of the Pt4+and Ru3+ions onto Nb-TiO2supports (Pt-Ru@Nb-TiO2-CS). Nb element was used to reduce electrical resistance to facilitate electron transport during the electrochemical reactions on a fuel cell electrode. Finally, the Pt-Ru@Nb-TiO2-H catalysts were formed by the removal of core-polystyrene ball from Pt-Ru@TiO2-CS at500∘C. The successfully prepared Pt-Ru electrocatalysts were confirmed via TEM, XPS, and ICP analysis. The electrocatalytic efficiency of Pt-Ru nanoparticles was evaluated via CO, MeOH, and EtOH oxidation for use in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). As a result, the Pt-Ru@Nb-TiO2-H electrodes showed high electrocatalytic activity for the electrooxidation of CO, MeOH, and EtOH.
Association between Semen Exposure and Incident Bacterial Vaginosis
Authors: Gallo Maria F. , Warner Lee , King Caroline C. , Sobel Jack D. , Klein Robert S. , Cu-Uvin Susan , Rompalo Anne M. , Jamieson Denise J.
Published: December 2011

Objective. To identify correlates of incident bacterial vaginosis (BV) diagnosed with Nugent scoring among high-risk women.Study Design. We conducted both cohort and case-crossover analyses, stratified by HIV infection status, based on 871 HIV-infected and 439 HIV-uninfected participants in the HIV Epidemiology Research Study, conducted in 4 US sites in 1993–2000.Results. BV incidence was 21% and 19% among HIV-infected and -uninfected women, respectively. Fewer correlates of BV were found with case-crossover than with cohort design. Reporting frequent coitus (regardless of consistency of condom use) was correlated with BV in cohort analyses but not in case-crossover analyses. The sole correlate of BV in both types of analyses was the detection of spermatozoa on Gram stain, which is a marker of semen exposure.Conclusion. The inconsistent association between condom use and BV in prior studies could be from reporting bias. We found evidence of a relationship between semen exposure and incident BV.
Nuclear Receptors in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: López-Velázquez Jorge A. , Carrillo-Córdova Luis D. , Chávez-Tapia Norberto C. , Uribe Misael , Méndez-Sánchez Nahum
Published: December 2011

Nuclear receptors comprise a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that are involved in important aspects of hepatic physiology and pathophysiology. There are about 48 nuclear receptors in the human. These nuclear receptors are regulators of many hepatic processes including hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism, bile acid homeostasis, drug detoxification, inflammation, regeneration, fibrosis, and tumor formation. Some of these receptors are sensitive to the levels of molecules that control lipid metabolism including fatty acids, oxysterols, and lipophilic molecules. These receptors direct such molecules to the transcriptional networks and may play roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the involvement of nuclear receptors in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may offer targets for the development of new treatments for this liver disease.
RELAP5 Calculations of Bethsy 9.1b Test
Authors: Prošek Andrej
Published: December 2011

Recently, several advanced computational tools for simulating reactor system behavior during real and hypothetical transient scenarios were developed. The TRAC/RELAP Advanced Computational Engine (TRACE) is the latest in a series of advanced, best-estimate reactor system codes developed by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (US NRC). Nevertheless, the RELAP5/MOD3.3 computer code will be maintained in the next years. The purpose of the present study was to assess how the accuracy of Bethsy 9.1b test calculation depends on the US NRC RELAP5 code version used. Bethsy 9.1b test (International Standard Problem no. 27) was 5.08 cm equivalent diameter cold leg break without high-pressure safety injection and with delayed ultimate procedure. Seven different RELAP5 code versions were used and as much as possible the same input model. The obtained results indicate that the results obtained by the oldest and latest RELAP5 versions are in general comparable for Bethsy 9.1b test. This is very important for the validity of the results, obtained in the past with older RELAP5 versions. Due to the fact that observation was restricted to Bethsy 9.1b posttest, with its own physical phenomena, this conclusion could be generalized only for scenarios having similar range of the considered Bethsy transient conditions.
New Delivery Systems for Local Anaesthetics—Part 2
Authors: Shipton Edward A.
Published: December 2011

Part 2 of this paper deals with the techniques for drug delivery of topical and injectable local anaesthetics. The various routes of local anaesthetic delivery (epidural, peripheral, wound catheters, intra-nasal, intra-vesical, intra-articular, intra-osseous) are explored. To enhance transdermal local anaesthetic permeation, additional methods to the use of an eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics and the use of controlled heat can be used. These methods include iontophoresis, electroporation, sonophoresis, and magnetophoresis. The potential clinical uses of topical local anaesthetics are elucidated. Iontophoresis, the active transportation of a drug into the skin using a constant low-voltage direct current is discussed. It is desirable to prolong local anaesthetic blockade by extending its sensory component only. The optimal release and safety of the encapsulated local anaesthetic agents still need to be determined. The use of different delivery systems should provide the clinician with both an extended range and choice in the degree of prolongation of action of each agent.
Improved Dynamic Postural Task Performance without Improvements in Postural Responses: The Blessing and the Curse of Dopamine Replacement
Authors: Foreman K. B. , Wisted C. , Addison O. , Marcus R. L. , LaStayo P. C. , Dibble L. E.
Published: December 2011

Introduction. Dopamine-replacement medications may improve mobility while not improving responses to postural challenges and could therefore increase fall risk. The purpose of this study was to measure reactive postural responses and gait-related mobility of patients with PD during ON and OFF medication conditions.Methods. Reactive postural responses to the Pull Test and performance of the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) were recorded from 15 persons with PD during ON and OFF medication conditions.Results. Persons with PD demonstrated no significant difference in the reactive postural responses between medication conditions but demonstrated significantly better performance on the FGA when ON medications compared to OFF.Discussion/Conclusion. Dopamine-replacement medications alone may improve gait-related mobility without improvements in reactive postural responses and therefore could result in iatrogenic increases in fall risk. Rehabilitation providers should be aware of the side effects and limitations of medication treatment and implement interventions to improve postural responses.
Prevention of Vascular Dysfunction after Preeclampsia: A Potential Long-Term Outcome Measure and an Emerging Goal for Treatment
Authors: Lazdam Merzaka , Davis Esther F. , Lewandowski Adam J. , Worton Stephanie A. , Kenworthy Yvonne , Kelly Brenda , Leeson Paul
Published: December 2011

Preeclampsia is increasingly being recognised as more than an isolated disease of pregnancy. In particular, preeclampsia has emerged as an independent risk factor for maternal cardiovascular disease and has recently been recognised as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in children exposed in utero. Preeclampsia and cardiovascular disease may share important pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms and further investigation into these is likely to offer insight into the origins of both conditions. This paper considers the links between cardiovascular disease and preeclampsia and the implication of these findings for refinement of the management of patients whose care is complicated by preeclampsia.
Television Viewing Does Not Have to Be Sedentary: Motivation to Participate in a TV Exercise Program
Authors: Meis Jessie J. M. , Kremers Stef P. J. , Bouman Martine P. A.
Published: December 2011

The present study explored which underlying motivations induced people to participate in a television exercise program called “The Netherlands on the Move!-television” (NOM-tv). A cross-sectional study was carried out among 1,349 viewers of NOM-tv. The respondents completed the intrinsic motivation inventory (IMI), assessing their levels of intrinsic motivation towards participating in the NOM-tv exercises. The results showed that higher levels of intrinsic motivation (i.e. enjoying the NOM-tv exercises, feeling competent to perform this activity, and willingness to put effort into the exercises) were the most important predictive factors of more frequent participation in the NOM-tv exercises. Future screen-based interventions to reduce sedentary behavior should aim especially at encouraging people's intrinsic orientations towards physical activity in an autonomy-supportive way.
Ultrahigh Voltage Electron Microscopy Links Neuroanatomy and Neuroscience/Neuroendocrinology
Authors: Sakamoto Hirotaka , Kawata Mitsuhiro
Published: December 2011

The three-dimensional (3D) analysis of anatomical ultrastructures is extremely important in most fields of biological research. Although it is very difficult to perform 3D image analysis on exact serial sets of ultrathin sections, 3D reconstruction from serial ultrathin sections can generally be used to obtain 3D information. However, this technique can only be applied to small areas of a specimen because of technical and physical difficulties. We used ultrahigh voltage electron microscopy (UHVEM) to overcome these difficulties and to study the chemical neuroanatomy of 3D ultrastructures. This methodology, which links UHVEM and light microscopy, is a useful and powerful tool for studying molecular and/or chemical neuroanatomy at the ultrastructural level.
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita and Pena-Shokeir Phenotype: Challenge of Prenatal Diagnosis – Report of 21 Cases, Antenatal Findings and Review
Authors: Hoellen Friederike , Schröer Andreas , Kelling Katharina , Krapp Martin , Axt-Fliedner Roland , Gembruch Ulrich , Weichert Jan
Published: December 2011

Objective: To elaborate the antenatal sonographic findings of fetuses with the suspicion of fetal akinesia, thereby focusing on the accuracy of prenatal differentiation between subtypes of fetal akinesia, namely Pena-Shokeir phenotype (PSP) and arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC). Methods: We herein present our experience of 21 patients with PSP and AMC diagnosed antenatally at a tertiary prenatal referral center. During the study period 30,485 consecutive high- and low-risk pregnancies were examined. The prenatal sonograms, pediatric charts and autopsy data of affected individuals were reviewed. Our findings were analyzed together with findings retrieved from the literature. Results: The diagnosis of AMC has been established between 12+0 and 30+1 gestational weeks, whereas cases found to have PSP were all diagnosed in advanced pregnancy. In accordance to previous findings, our data suggest that pulmonary hypoplasia is obligatory in PSP and cannot be found in AMC. Therefore, all pregnancies (9/9) affected by PSP were terminated on parental request. Of those fetuses with AMC, 3/12 were liveborn, 2 of which have neuromotoric disabilities. Conclusions: Establishing the correct prenatal diagnosis of PSP and AMC at an early stage and its diligent prognostic evaluation play a crucial role in order to provide adequate advice to the afflicted parents and to enable appropriate intervention at an early stage.
Phase I/II Study of Preoperative Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy with S-1 for Locally Advanced, Resectable Rectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sadahiro Sotaro , Suzuki Toshiyuki , Tanaka Akira , Okada Kazutake , Kamijo Akemi , Murayama Chieko , Akiba Takeshi , Nakayama Yuko
Published: December 2011

Purpose: To assess the maximum tolerability of a combination of S-1 and preoperative radiotherapy and to evaluate the feasibility and activity in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods: Patients (n = 30) with adenocarcinoma of the middle or lower rectum were enrolled in a phase I (n = 9) and/or phase II (n = 21) trial. A total dose of 45 Gy was delivered in 25 fractions over 5 weeks, and S-1 was orally administered twice a day on days 1–14 and 22–35. Surgical resection was scheduled 4–8 weeks after the completion of chemoradiation. Results: In phase I, the recommended dose (RD) of S-1 was 80 mg/m2/day, and the maximum-tolerated dose was never reached. A total of 27 cases, including the 6 RD cases in phase I, were enrolled in phase II. In phase II, a pathological complete response (pCR) was observed in 6/27 patients (22%), pathological downstaging was observed in 21/27 patients (78%), and a tumor volume reduction of 69 ± 22% was obtained. These results were similar to the previously reported pCR rates of 16–18%, pathological downstaging rates of 49–59%, and tumor volume reduction of 68% after chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine. Grade 3 adverse events consisted of one case of leukopenia (4%), 2 cases of anemia (7%) and 3 cases of diarrhea (11%). Overall, the adverse events were very mild. Hand-foot syndrome was not observed. Conclusion: The efficacy of chemoradiotherapy with S-1 seems to be equivalent to the efficacy reported for chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine, but the adverse events were much milder, although further study is warranted.
Mechanism and Genotype-Phenotype Correlation of Two Proximal 6q Deletions Characterized Using mBAND, FISH, Array CGH, and DNA Sequencing
Authors: Vlckova M. , Trkova M. , Zemanova Z. , Hancarova M. , Novotna D. , Raskova D. , Puchmajerova A. , Drabova J. , Zmitkova Z. , Tan Y. , Sedlacek Z.
Published: December 2011

Proximal 6q deletions have a milder phenotype than middle and distal 6q deletions. We describe 2 patients with non-overlapping deletions of about 15 and 19 Mb, respectively, which subdivide the proximal 6q region into 2 parts. The aberrations were identified using karyotyping and analysed using mBAND and array CGH. The unaffected mother of the first patient carried a mosaic karyotype with the deletion in all metaphases analysed and a small supernumerary marker formed by the deleted material in about 77% of cells. Her chromosome 6 centromeric signal was split between the deleted chromosome and the marker, suggesting that this deletion arose through the centromere fission mechanism. In this family the location of the proximal breakpoint in the centromere prevented cloning of the deletion junction, but the junction of the more distal deletion in the second patient was cloned and sequenced. This analysis showed that the latter aberration was most likely caused by non-homologous end joining. The second patient also had a remarkably more severe phenotype which could indicate a partial overlap of his deletion with the middle 6q interval. The phenotypes of both patients could be partly correlated with the gene content of their deletions and with phenotypes of other published patients.
Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein C Insufficiency Leads to Early Onset of Mechanical Dysfunction
Authors: Desjardins Candida L. , Chen Yong , Coulton Arthur T. , Hoit Brian D. , Yu Xin , Stelzer Julian E.
Published: December 2011

Background—

Decreased expression of cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBPC) as a result of genetic mutations may contribute to the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM); however, the mechanisms that link cMyBPC expression and HCM development, especially contractile dysfunction, remain unclear.

Methods and Results—

We evaluated cardiac mechanical function in vitro and in vivo in young mice (8–10 weeks of age) carrying no functional cMyBPC alleles (cMyBPC
−/−
) or 1 functional cMyBPC allele (cMyBPC
±
). Skinned myocardium isolated from cMyBPC
−/−
hearts displayed significant accelerations in stretch activation cross-bridge kinetics. Cardiac MRI studies revealed severely depressed in vivo left ventricular (LV) magnitude and rates of LV wall strain and torsion compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Heterozygous cMyBPC
±
hearts expressed 23±5% less cMyBPC than WT hearts but did not display overt hypertrophy. Skinned myocardium isolated from cMyBPC
±
hearts displayed small accelerations in the rate of stretch induced cross-bridge recruitment. MRI measurements revealed reductions in LV torsion and circumferential strain, as well reduced circumferential strain rates in early systole and diastole.

Conclusions—

Modest decreases in cMyBPC expression in the mouse heart result in early-onset subtle changes in cross-bridge kinetics and in vivo LV mechanical function, which could contribute to the development of HCM later in life.
Restorativeness, Procedural Justice, and Defiance as Predictors of Reoffending of Participants in Family Group Conferences
Authors: Hipple Natalie Kroovand , Gruenewald Jeff , McGarrell Edmund F.
Published: December 2011

Prior research has suggested that family group conferences (FGCs), a particular form of restorative justice, hold promise in reducing reoffending among youths, at least for some types of offenses. Most prior research, however, has simply assessed whether participation in a FGC resulted in reduced rates of reoffending compared with control or comparison groups in court or diversion programs. These prior recidivism studies have largely left unaddressed the characteristics of the FGCs that may produce differences in reoffending. The exceptions are two studies, from New Zealand and Australia, respectively, that relied on variation analyses to assess whether differences in the FGC processes affected future offending. This research builds on these two studies and tests as to whether FGC characteristics derived from reintegrative shaming, procedural justice, and defiance theory account for variations in reoffending. The data have been obtained from a sample of youths ( N = 215) who participated in a FGC as part of the Indianapolis Juvenile Restorative Justice Experiment (IJRJE). The findings suggest that the more the FGC appeared to follow principles of restorativeness and procedural fairness and avoided defiance, the less reoffending occurred. Specifically, offense type and conference restorativeness influenced the probability of recidivism at 6 months, whereas offense type and race influenced the probability of recidivism at 24 months.
Implementing Room for the River: narratives of success and failure in Kampen, the Netherlands
Authors: Warner Jeroen , van Buuren Arwin
Published: December 2011

This article analyzes the discursive strategies surrounding the implementation of the Dutch water safety program ‘Room for the River’. When this program was announced, it was heralded as a paradigm shift fitting in with the ongoing transition to ‘living with water’. Yet announcing a paradigm shift is not the real thing. When a policy is made, it is still a dead letter. For it to become implemented, people have to act on it as if it is a reality. It needs to be socially produced – and reproduced. The present article looks at how the new river policy initiative is ‘translated’ to the local level, how discourse coalitions ‘pro’ and ‘contra’ develop and how they discursively defend their claims. In this ‘translation process’ elements of the original policy narrative are selected and reinterpreted to fit into the specific purposes of local stakeholders. While its protagonists have been active in promoting the program as a successful ‘paradigm shift’, others have questioned this claim. This contribution inventories the different narratives of success and failure on Room for the River, by homing in on an indicative case study. We show how elements of the official policy narrative are used, broadened, questioned or reinterpreted by local actors to defend their specific point of view. Their narratives try to weld discursive alliances between catchy rhetorical devices, normative values and sources of expertise. They make selective use of the dominant narrative of current river management speak, and ‘shop’ between scientific and policy venues to support these claims.

Points for practitioners

Policy ideas and labels are inevitably translated and modified as they ‘land’ in the local arena. A ‘success’ label may influence but cannot determine local acceptance and implementation of a policy. Locally, labels are likely to become tangled with other labels and interpretations. Multi-objective policies prove particularly vulnerable to criticism from ‘purist’ and one-issue opponents. Project managers should anticipate the dynamics of reframing and be able to adjust that discourse and labeling where necessary lest they become burdens.
Review of Radu J. Bogdan’s Predicative Minds: The Social Ontogeny of Propositional Thinking
Authors: Shani Itay
Published: December 2011

In this book, Bogdan offers an empirically informed theory of the emergence and nature of predication with unmistakable pragmatic and developmental overtones. While the emphasis on psycho-pragmatic and developmental factors is most welcome, and while the discussion is informed and informative, Bogdan’s thesis suffers from some major weaknesses, in particular philosophical ones. Chief among these is an insufficient clarity with regard to the problem domain being addressed: Bogdan professes to offer a theory of predication as a general mental faculty but in reality he focuses on a rather narrower phenomenon. This narrow delineation of the problem domain, and Bogdan’s insistence on the discontinuity between full-fledged human predication and animal thought patterns, leads to a theoretical impasse that renders the very coherence of his proposal dubitable.
Generalizability Analyses of NBDE Part II
Authors: Tsai Tsung-Hsun , Shin Chingwei David , Neumann Laura M. , Grau Barry W.
Published: December 2011

This research applied generalizability theory to assess the effect of varying the number of cases and items nested within cases on generalizability of scores on Part II of the National Board Dental Examinations (NBDE Part II). In this research, sources of error were defined. Measurement conditions were classified. Error variances and generalizability coefficients for different conditions were computed. The data analyzed were the item responses of 1,535 candidates enrolled in accredited dental education programs who all took the same test form in 2007. Results showed that using more cases of fewer items might lead to a greater increase in generalizability than using more items per case. Other practical considerations such as time and cost constraints must be taken into account when applying the results of this research in other testing situations.
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Is Not a Prognostic Factor in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Kim Young Hyo , Kim Kyu‐Sung , Choi Hoseok , Choi Jeong‐Seok , Han Chang Dok
Published: December 2011

Objective

Little is known concerning the role of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) as a prognostic factor for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). The purpose of this study is to analyze the hearing recovery in patients who have SSNHL with BPPV compared with those who have SSNHL without BPPV. The study also documented the relative incidence of each semicircular canal involvement.

Study Design

Case‐control study.

Setting

Academic tertiary otologic practice.

Subjects and Methods

Ninety patients diagnosed with SSNHL with vertigo were enrolled. Clinical characteristics such as gender, age, and pure tone audiogram threshold were compared between group A (SSNHL with BPPV, n = 17) and group B (SSNHL without BPPV, n = 73). The frequency of each canal involvement was compared between group A and another 111 patients with BPPV only (group C). The proportion of patients with hearing recovery was compared between patients with or without BPPV, and between those with or without canal paresis.

Results

Patients in group A did not display significant differences in the sex ratio, mean age, or initial results of pure tone audiogram threshold compared with those in group B. Most patients with SSNHL with BPPV had lateral canal canalithiasis (64.7%). The presence of BPPV had no influence on the recovery of hearing.

Conclusions

The clinical characteristics of patients with SSNHL with BPPV were not different from those with SSNHL without BPPV. The lateral canal was the most frequently involved, and the presence or absence of BPPV had no dramatic impact on the outcome of SSNHL.
Analysing, pursuing and networking: Towards a validated three-factor framework for entrepreneurial competence from a small firm perspective
Authors: Lans Thomas , Verstegen Jos , Mulder Martin
Published: December 2011

Moving beyond general personal traits as predictors for success, a growing volume of research acknowledges that entrepreneurial core processes are enabled by specific competencies which can be learned, further refined and developed. The research objective of this article is to develop a framework for entrepreneurial competence in a well-defined small firm sector by elaborating and empirically validating an existing categorization of entrepreneurial competence. The dataset includes 348 small firm owner-managers who participated in an educational programme, established to pursue new business opportunities in the Dutch agri-food sector. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis revealed that three domains constitute the heart of entrepreneurial competence in this small firm context: ‘analysing’, ‘pursuing’ and ‘networking’. These three competence domains provide professionals active in sector development, small business support and (vocational) education with an empirically valid framework of clearly discernible elements of entrepreneurial competence. This framework also encompasses insights on education and learning.
Managerial capabilities and paths to growth as determinants of high-growth small and medium-sized enterprises
Authors: Barbero José L. , Casillas José C. , Feldman Howard D.
Published: December 2011

This article attempts to examine the role of management capabilities and their relationship with the form of growth chosen by high-growth businesses using a resource based view perspective. The results of the analysis show that when selecting the type of strategy to achieve high growth, not all the capabilities of management are important. In order to grow fast and intensively, small and medium-sized businesses should possess high capabilities in specific functional areas. Businesses’ marketing and financial capabilities are positively associated with market expansion and innovation and as such are two ingredients to achieve high growth.
Who is a ‘non-entrepreneur’?: Taking the ‘others’ of entrepreneurship seriously
Authors: Ramoglou Stratos
Published: December 2011

In response to the absence of entrepreneurial action on behalf of non-actors, micro-oriented scholars typically tend to refuse to allocate entrepreneurial capacities to the ‘others’ of entrepreneurship. However, in contesting this explanatory practice, macro-oriented scholars counter that ‘others’ do not lack power but opportunity. This article suggests how recurrent dualisms may be fruitfully surpassed within a conceptual framework that accommodates the ontological intuitions of both theorizing tendencies. Guarding against the temptation to deny the existence of either unexercised powers or unexploited opportunities not only allows us to resist the seduction of dualisms, but also allows for the emergence of an expanded worldview that enables a more dynamic conceptualization of the entrepreneurship phenomenon. The analysis closes by recommending directions for meta-theoretical research aiming at the identification of factors that may be hindering entrepreneurship scholarship from cognizance of realist (and realistic) insights.
Using Participatory Photo Novels to Teach Marketing
Authors: Das Kallol
Published: December 2011

Teaching the restless young generation business students of today is not easy. Furthermore, the traditional lecture method has failed miserably to engage the business students and deliver significant learning. The author presents a discussion on the photo novel as an attractive communication medium and the participatory photo novel as an innovative pedagogical tool, in place of the traditional lecture method. In fact, this method puts the onus of learning on the students and empowers them to co-create content and subsequently learn through classroom discussions. This is followed by a brief classroom guide on the process of creating a participatory photo novel. Student evaluation and feedback are discussed. Specifically, the content analysis reveals that students experienced the following learning outcomes: understanding and knowledge, critical thinking, transfer ability, creative thinking, communication skills, and leadership ability. This is followed by an agenda for empirical research. The limitations and implications of using this pedagogy are also discussed in detail. Overall, it is hoped that the use of participatory photo novel as a pedagogical tool can go a long way in augmenting learning resources, popularizing of this genre of literature, and providing the young generation business students with a unique learning experience.
Catastrophic Demyelinating Encephalomyelitis After Intrathecal and Intravenous Stem Cell Transplantation in a Patient With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Alderazi Yazan J. , Coons Stephen W. , Chapman Kevin
Published: December 2011

Stem cell transplantation is an investigational therapy for multiple sclerosis. The authors describe a case of catastrophic demyelinating encephalomyelitis following stem cell transplantation in a 17-year-old girl. Nine months after an initial diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, she underwent stem cell transplantation in Costa Rica. Subsequently, she deteriorated and was transported back to the United States with headache and vomiting progressing to quadriparesis, locked-in syndrome, and superimposed encephalopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging and brain biopsy were consistent with fulminant demyelinating encephalomyelitis with enhancing parenchyma and leptomeninges. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis and high protein. The protracted illness required tracheostomy and gastrostomy. After methyleprednisone, intravenous immunoglobulin, and cyclophosphamide, she improved during 2.5 months to an ambulatory, functionally independent state. Subsequently, typical less severe multiple sclerosis relapses occurred. This case demonstrates that stem cell transplantation may provoke life-threatening encephalomyelitis in patients with multiple sclerosis. This highlights the need to restrict transplantation to trials with appropriate safety controls.
Further Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Brain Delineation of 49,XXXXY Syndrome
Authors: Tabarki Brahim , Shafi Shatha Al , Adwani Nawal Al , Shahwan Saad Al
Published: December 2011

A rare sex chromosome aneuploidy syndrome, 49,XXXXY syndrome is characterized by mental retardation with severe learning difficulties, craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities, hypogonadism, and congenital heart disease. The authors describe a 30-month-old boy with 49,XXXXY syndrome, global developmental delay and white matter changes in the brain magnetic resonance imaging. They reviewed the literature to delineate a specific magnetic resonance imaging pattern of 49,XXXXY syndrome.
Continuous Infusion Pentobarbital for Refractory Status Epilepticus in Children
Authors: Barberio Michael , Reiter Pamela D. , Kaufman Jon , Knupp Kelly , Dobyns Emily L.
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this retrospective medical chart review was to describe dosing regimens and outcomes in children who received continuous pentobarbital therapy for refractory status epilepticus. Thirty patients (age = 6.5 ± 5.1 years; 67% male) received a mean loading dose of 5.4 ± 2.8 mg/kg with an initial infusion of 1.1 ± 0.4 mg/kg/h. Maximum infusion dose was 4.8 ± 2 mg/kg/h. Thirty-three percent of patients achieved sustained burst suppression without relapse; 66.7% experienced relapse, but 60% of those ( n = 12) eventually reachieved burst suppression. Children achieving burst suppression within 24 hours of pentobarbital initiation and those older than age 5 years were 1.5 times more likely to have a positive outcome. None of these variables, however, achieved significance (Fisher exact test). Ninety-three percent of patients required inotropes; 66% acquired an infection; 10% had metabolic acidosis; and 10% experienced pancreatitis. Poor outcomes (death, encephalopathy) were observed in 33% of patients.
Multibody simulation of a generalized predictive controller for tiltrotor active aeroelastic control
Authors: Mattaboni M , Masarati P , Mantegazza P
Published: December 2011

A generalized predictive control has been developed for the control of the aeroelasticity and structural dynamics of a tiltrotor. Adaptivity is the key feature of the proposed technique. It gives the controller the capability to autonomously follow the variations of the system. A comprehensive simulation system has been adopted to design and test the adaptive regulator under realistic conditions. The aeroservoelastic tiltrotor has been modelled using a multibody approach, considering the structural dynamics, the aerodynamics, the blade pitch control system kinematics, and actuator and sensor dynamics. Numerical simulations illustrate the capability of the adaptive controller to reduce wing vibrations and loads while significantly extending the flutter-free flight envelope. This controller shows satisfactory performances within the whole flight envelope as it is able to properly work in different rotor trim conditions and varying structural properties in the presence of external disturbances and measurement noise.
Threshold Concepts and Conceptions
Authors: Wright April L. , Gilmore Anne
Published: December 2011

This article explores how insights from the broader education literature on threshold concepts and conceptions can be applied to improve the teaching of undergraduate introductory management courses. The authors propose that these courses are underpinned by the threshold conception, or “underlying game,” that management is a practice informed by theory. This threshold conception is both troublesome and transformative for novice management students. Using the redesign of the undergraduate introductory management course the authors teach as an exemplar, they demonstrate how student learning can be improved by designing learning activities and assessment that help students “see” the threshold conception that connects management theory and practice.
Educating Managers to Create Healthy Workplaces
Authors: Gilbreath Brad
Published: December 2011

This article provides management educators with a comprehensive, research-based set of concepts they can use to enrich students’ understanding of how to create healthy workplaces. To assist with that endeavor, learning objectives related to creating healthy workplaces are provided. Work environment stressors are discussed along with human and organizational consequences resulting from stressors. Organizational and personal factors that modify the effects of the work environment are described, as are actions that can be taken to create healthier work environments and healthier employees. Reasons why managers should be concerned with worker well-being are discussed, and tips gained from teaching students about healthy work are offered.
Integrating Risk Context Into Risk Assessments
Authors: Kroner Daryl G. , Gray Andrew L. , Goodrich Ben
Published: December 2011

The context in which offenders are released is an important component of conducting risk assessments. A sample of 257 supervised male parolees were followed in the community ( M = 870 days) after an initial risk assessment. Drawing on community-based information, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the recently developed Risk Context Scale. Four domains from the Risk Context Scale include Resource Engagement, Social Network Presence, Integration of Care, and Social Stability. Using mediation analysis, an initial static risk probability was altered up to 26% by accounting for risk context. Implications of the present results include a broader explanation of recidivism, offering intervention strategies, and further individualizing risk assessments.
Social Correlates of Intimate Partner Homicide in Finland
Authors: Kivivuori Janne , Lehti Martti
Published: December 2011

The question as to whether intimate partner homicide (IPH) is committed by average people as opposed to socially disadvantaged persons has both theoretical resonance and practical salience. The gender framework predicts that IPH offenders are socially and individually less disadvantaged than other homicide offenders. The violence framework predicts that IPH offenders resemble other homicide offenders in that they tend to come from socially disadvantaged groups. We examine these perspectives using data on all homicides committed in Finland since 2002 ( N = 836 offenders). The findings indicate that socially disadvantaged people are overrepresented in IPH as in other homicide types. In terms of social correlates, IPH clusters with other homicides in close relations, irrespective of the victim’s gender.
Evidence of V to I raising in L2 Spanish
Authors: Guijarro-Fuentes Pedro , Larrañaga María Pilar
Published: December 2011

This article focuses on the acquisition of verb placement (adverb placement, subject–verb inversion in yes/no questions, subject–verb inversion in direct, indirect and pseudo wh-questions) in L2 Spanish. Four different elicitation tasks (an identification task, a grammaticality judgment task, a preference grammaticality task and a production task) were used for data collection. The subjects were 41 English adult L2 learners of Spanish at different proficiency levels (beginners, low intermediate, intermediate and advanced) according to an independent placement test. In line with Lardiere’s (1998a, 1998b, 2000) and Prévost and White’s (2000) findings, evidence for developments in syntax which is independent of developments in morphology is found in support of the Missing Surface Inflection Hypothesis. Although L2 learners’ verb-placement is target like at the surface level, their knowledge of verb agreement is poor and limited. That is, L2 learners appear to have reset the verb movement parameter in Spanish (i.e., [+movement]), even though they fail to morphologically mark the verb for person and number correctly, showing lack of knowledge that the inflections in Spanish I are strong. These findings suggest that there is a strong dissociation between syntax and morphology (Lardiere, 2000), but they will also be discussed in the light of some current theories on the acquisition of new values for uninterpretable syntactical features (Hawkins & Hattori, 2006; Tsimpli & Dimitrakopoulou, 2007).
Balanced communication in mid-infancy promotes early vocabulary development: effects of play with mother and father in mono- and bilingual families
Authors: Lundén Maija , Silvén Maarit
Published: December 2011

In this longitudinal study on Finnish and Finnish-Russian families, infants’ play interaction at 7 months with each parent was observed during 5-minute play sessions ( N = 96) and predictive relations between co-regulated communication in mid-infancy and language development at 14 months were examined. Parental differences in communication were greater within the culturally diverse Finnish-Russian families than within the culturally less diverse Finnish families. Four family-level communication profiles were identified that differed with respect to how balanced, or similar, infants’ co-regulation with each parent appeared. Three of the profiles were equally distributed across the families, whereas one of the unbalanced profiles was typical for the culturally diverse families. Language exposure and balance of the family-level communication profiles in mid-infancy predicted differences in children’s expressive and productive vocabulary size beyond infancy.
The role of extra-linguistic factors in receptive bilingualism: Evidence from Danish and Swedish pre-schoolers
Authors: Schüppert Anja , Gooskens Charlotte
Published: December 2011

Danish and Swedish are closely related languages that are generally mutually intelligible. Previous research has shown, however, that Danes comprehend more spoken Swedish than vice versa. It has been suggested that this asymmetry is caused by extra-linguistic factors such as literacy, contact with, and attitudes held towards the test language. However, also linguistic factors, such as supra-segmental features or differences in speech rate, could cause or increase an asymmetry. The aim of the experiment reported in this article was to exclude three extra-linguistic factors (attitude, contact and literacy) in order to determine their role in mutual intelligibility. Participants were 19 Danish- and 26 Swedish-speaking illiterate preschoolers. Their task was to match 50 cognate nouns to corresponding pictures in a multiple-choice task. Results revealed that word-recognition scores in Danish children (63 percent) did not differ significantly from the Swedish scores (65 percent). That means that, in contrast to adult Danes, Danish children did not perform better on the word-recognition task than their Swedish peers. This finding suggests that extra-linguistic factors play an important role in intelligibility of a closely related language, and, as extra-linguistic factors develop, the intelligibility asymmetry develops.
Women’s Leadership Development in Higher Education
Authors: Madsen Susan R. , Longman Karen A. , Daniels Jessica R.
Published: December 2011

The Problem.

The intentional preparation of future leaders for higher education remains a critical need today in institutions across the globe. Many colleges and universities are now seeking to design programs that develop the leadership skills of faculty, staff, and administrators, and because of the shortage of women in leadership positions, special efforts need to focus on the development of women. Yet guidance and assistance are required to do so effectively and efficiently.

The Solution.

The purpose of this final article is to highlight a few of the particularly important findings across all articles in this Special Issue, offer some overall implications for leadership development and the HRD field, and provide tables of sample leadership programs for women in higher education at the national, state, and institutional levels.

The Stakeholders.

This article provides researchers and practitioners in various fields of study with implications toward more effectively developing, evaluating, researching, and implementing leadership programs for women in higher education.
Get Him Out of My House
Authors: Cook Amy Kyle , Gordon Jill A.
Published: December 2011

The current research explores parent–child connections and the extent to which parental thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and behaviors toward their children impact progress on probation. Using a convenience sample of 88 parents, the Juvenile Offender Parent Questionnaire is used to measure parents’ perceptions of their children and the juvenile justice system. The results of the questionnaire are examined to identify if negative parental perceptions influence each youth’s progress on probation. The findings indicate that parental monitoring, anger toward children, the presence of negative home behaviors, and maintaining passing grades are consistent significant predictors of reoffending patterns of juvenile probationers.
A Longitudinal Study of Delinquency Abstention
Authors: Johnson Matthew C. , Menard Scott
Published: December 2011

A sizable majority of individuals report involvement in at least some delinquency during their lives. The small percentage of individuals who abstain from delinquency represents an interesting, yet underdeveloped area of research. The purpose of this article is to provide a general model for abstention from learning and integrated theories and propose a standard framework for operationalizing and measuring delinquency abstention. Data from Waves 1 to –9 of the National Youth Survey Family Study were used. Results are supportive of the integrated approach using suggested abstention measurement procedures. Predictors from learning theory had a more robust impact compared to social control variables.