bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIFFICULTIES IN VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION IN AUTISM
Authors: Burzawa Katarzyna Renata
Published: May 2018

The ability to establish contact with other people and communicate with them influences the child's further development. Having the ability to communicate verbally and non-verbally plays an important role in life of every person and is decisive in the process of building social relationships with other people. Disorders in the field of communication, speech development and the formation of the language system are one of the main symptoms of autism. In children with autistic disorders speech development is very diverse, even if they can speak, they have huge problems with understanding of the meaning of communication and establishing relationships.The aim of this article is to present the difficulties in verbal and non-verbal communication in autism, which are based on so-called triad of autistic disorders.
PURSUIT OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: INCLUSION OF TEACHERS IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Authors: Baranauskienė Ingrida , Saveikienė Diana
Published: May 2018

By focusing on teachers’ approach, the article analyses one of the most relevant issues of today’s realities of education – the inclusive education. The following is an important task for politicians for education, school leaders, teachers and greatly affects and influences the life of families with children with disabilities. Object of the research: inclusion of teachers in inclusive education. Aim of the research: to examine aspects of teachers’ inclusion in inclusive education by implementing the statistical analysis according to The Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Inclusion Scale (TATIS) survey (Gregory, Noto, Cullen, 2010). This study adopted a descriptive survey research design, with 105 teachers as participants from selected secondary schools in Klaipėda city and Klaipėda district, Lithuania. Research results: A study has been conducted demonstrating that the attitudes of educators participating in the study to inclusive education of pupils with a disability are basically positive. The analysis of the research data received allow the teachers are not sufficiently prepared to provide assistance to their students with orientation towards the inclusive training tasks. Teachers who participated in the study agree that all school classes should be rebuilt to meet the needs of students with disabilities and that students with disabilities should be taught in a general education school in an equal educational environment with peers without disabilities. The differences between teachers' attitudes to the inclusive education model and the type of pedagogical school were statistically significant. More than just a gymnasium teacher, either a progymnist or a primary school teacher, fully agrees that the model of inclusive education ensures a more effective transition of pupils with disabilities from special education to general education schools.
STUDY OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE USE OF MOBILE PHONES WHILE DRIVING WITH IMPLICIT ASSOCIATION TESTS AND SELF-ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES
Authors: Vinogradova Zhanna , Plotka Irina , Smirnova Iveta , Blumenau Nina , Igonin Dmitry
Published: May 2018

Analysis of studies shows that in studying attitudes towards risky and safe driving only few researches are based on the use of implicit methods. The aim of the study: the study of attitudes towards the use of mobile phones while driving with the use of Implicit Association Tests and self-assessment procedures. Participants: 69, age 21-59, M = 42, SD = 9.02, 27 female and 42 male, all with B category driver licenses, driving experience 9-24 years. Implicit measurements: two experimental procedures of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) developed by the authors for measuring attitudes towards the use of mobile phones while driving: IAT and self-concept IAT Explicit measurements: a self-assessment procedure developed by the authors "Scale of measuring attitudes towards the use of mobile phones while driving," cross-cultural Personality Questionnaire ZKPQ-50-CC (Aluja, Rossier, García, Angleitner, Kuhlman, Zuckerman, 2006). A positive relationship between the results of measurements using IAT and self-concept IAT was found in participants with high anxiety. The effect size obtained with the IAT is larger than the effect size obtained with self-concept IAT. A relationship between the results of measurement of attitudes towards the use a mobile phone while driving, measured by experimental procedures and the personal factors was found.
TRANSFORMATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS: DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE UNIVERSITY-ENTERPRISE COOPERATION
Authors: Krouglov Alex
Published: May 2018

This paper deals with the engagement of Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) with the outside world, and how academic institutions build their relations with public, private and professional organisations. The research explores university-enterprise relations and the issues of employability of students in the 21st century, how universities respond to new demands and requirements in this field. The current research is based on the analysis of strategic planning in UK universities and considers several case studies as examples of developing mutually beneficial ‘transformational’ university-enterprise partnerships. The research analysis of the collected data aims to explore the importance of university-enterprise partnerships for students, academics, universities, and employers and how universities ensure effective developments in the field. The results of the research show that strategic planning is key in developing effective university-enterprise relations, and the strategic targets can only be achieved when there is evidence of active engagement of university staff and students in the process cooperation with enterprises.
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE EU STRUCTURAL FUNDS ON BUSINESS IN LATVIA
Authors: Arbidane Iluta , Tarasova Madara
Published: May 2018

The aim of the paper is to examine the administration of EU structural funds and their influence on business development. The main problem analysed in the paper is administration of the EU structural funds and their implementation in Latvia, the impact of the activities funded by the EU funds onto business development. In the research, information about the essence and policy of the EU structural funds is analysed, including information about the aspects of formation and influence of the EU structural funds, the basic business principles and factors influencing its development, as well as funding by the EU Structural Funds as an instrument for facilitation of business development. In the research, administration of the EU structural funds, the legal framework, and an evaluation of the funds’ administration in Latvia, the activities of the EU structural funds for business development in the programming period 2007–2013, influence of the priority “Business development” upon business development in Latgale region, as well as future prospects are discussed. The aim of the paper is to examine the administration of EU structural funds and their influence upon business development. The subject of the research is the impact of EU funds onto business development. In the paper, the following research methods are used: the descriptive or monographic method, aggregation of information, analysis of documentation, statistical analysis, graphical, and the expert method. According to the obtained results, the authors conclude that the activities funded by the EU Structural Funds provide support for enterprises for innovative business development, and increase competitiveness of enterprises, as well as overall business activity.
Pengasapan Ikan Kembung menggunakan Asap Cair dari Kayu Karet Hasil Redestilasi
Authors: Suroso Erdi , Utomo Tanto Pratondo , Hidayati Sri , Nuraini Astri
Published: May 2018

Asap cair dari kayu karet dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pengawet ikan kembung (Rastrelliger kanagurta) karena mengandung senyawa fenol dan asam organik yang bersifat sebagai senyawa anti bakteri dan antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi asap cair kayu karet redestilasi dan lama perendaman ikan terbaik pada pengasapan ikan kembung. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial (RAK Faktorial) dengan perlakuan konesntrasi asap cair (10, 15 dan 20%) dan lama perendaman (10, 15 dan 20 menit). Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi angka lempeng total, kadar air dan organoleptik. Hasil terbaik yaitu menggunakan konsentrasi asap cair kayu karet redestilasi 10% dan lama perendaman ikan selama 15 menit dengan nilai angka lempeng total 4,4×103 CFU/g pada hari ke-0 dan 4,7×104 CFU/g pada hari ke-6, kadar air di bawah 60% selama penyimpanan, dan sifat organoleptik berupa skor aroma 4,48 (netral)dan skor penerimaan keseluruhan 4,51 (netral).
Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Beberapa Tingkatan Mutu Terasi Udang Rebon
Authors: Romadhon Romadhon , Rianingsih Laras , Anggo Apri Dwi
Published: May 2018

Terasi merupakan produk fermentasi ikan atau udang berbentuk pasta padat yang diolah secara tradisional. Bakteri asam laktat dapat diisolasi dari produk terasi dan menghasilkan senyawa antibakteri yaitu bakteriosin. Bakteriosin sebagai pengawet makanan memiliki kelebihan antara lain: dapat mengalami degradasi oleh enzim proteolitik dalam pencernaan manusia sehingga tidak membahayakan untuk kesehatan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan komposisi kimia dan aktivitas antibakteri bakteriosin asam laktat yang diisolasi dari bebrapa tingkatan mutu terasi rebon. Analisis menggunakan terasi grade 1, grade 2, grade 3, yang ditentukan oleh perbandingan rebon dan bahan tambahan pada proses pembuatannya. Hasil isolasi bakteri asam laktat diperoleh 549 isolat sedangkan isolat BAL yang menghasilkan bakteriosin diperoleh 18 isolat. Bakteriosin dari BAL yang diisolasi dari terasi dapat menghambat ketiga jenis bakteri patogen dan pembusuk yaitu Eschericia coli, Vibrio parahaemiliticus, dan Staphylococcus aureus. Bakteriosin dari isolat BAL yang dapat menghambat bakteri patogen dan pembusuk yang terbaik yaitu terasi grade 1. Kualitas terasi terbaik pada grade 1 dengan kadar protein 42,78±1,28a, lemak 5,33±0,53a, asam glutamat 40,50±0,06a.
A valsa nos trópicos: repercussões de um fenômeno europeu na literatura brasileira do século XIX
Authors: Daher Claudia Helena
Published: May 2018

Resumo: Partindo de uma observação feita na obra Raízes do Brasil (1936), de Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, na qual o autor reflete sobre a disparidade entre a sociedade brasileira do século XIX e as ideias do liberalismo europeu, Roberto Schwarz desenvolve em Ao vencedor as batatas (1977) uma crítica ao Romantismo brasileiro, que teria sido montado sobre uma comédia ideológica, diferente da europeia, representando uma idealização que não correspondeu à realidade. O presente artigo revê esses conceitos a partir da cena de baile da obra Senhora (1875), de José de Alencar. Observa-se a presença da valsa na literatura brasileira oitocentista, objetivando analisar de que maneira esse fenômeno europeu se manifestou em território brasileiro e como o imaginário em torno do baile foi apropriado e relido pelo autor. O artigo coloca a literatura brasileira em diálogo com a literatura europeia produzida no mesmo período. Ao ponto de vista de Roberto Schwarz acrescenta-se o estudo feito por Maria Cecília de Moraes Pinto (1999) que investiga as influências europeias de Alencar e o seu empenho em fazer uma literatura nacional.Palavras-chave: valsa na Europa e no Brasil; Romantismo; literatura nacional.Abstract: The piece of writing Raízes do Brasil (1936) by Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, in which the author reflects about the disparities between Brazilian society of the nineteenth century and the ideas of European liberalism, provides a basis to Roberto Schwarz’s criticism of Brazilian Romanticism in Ao vencedor as batatas (1977). According to Schwarz, different from its European correlate, Brazilian Romanticism would have been based on an ideological comedy, thus representing an idealization that did not correspond to reality. This article revisits such concepts from the perspective of the ballroom dancing scene in Senhora (1875), by José de Alencar. Based on the presence of the waltz in nineteenth century Brazilian literature we analyzed how the European phenomenon manifested in Brazilian territory and how the imaginary constructed around ballroom dancing was appropriated and re-read by Alencar. This work establishes a connection between Brazilian Literature and the literature produced in Europe during the same period. In addition to Roberto Schwartz’s point of view, we included Maria Cecília de Moraes Pinto’s study (1999), which investigated Alencar’s European influences and his efforts in creating a national literature.Keywords: waltz in Europe and Brazil; Romanticism; national literature.
Poética brasileña contemporánea: de la poesía marginal hacia la poesía divergente
Authors: Araújo André Luis de
Published: May 2018

Resumen: La poesía contemporánea brasileña se reinventa a partir de innúmeros despliegues. Uno de los cuales se refiere a la llamada poesía marginal, de los años 70 y 80 del siglo XX; otro de ellos se refiere a la poesía divergente, tal como la reconocen sus autores. Ésta viene enriqueciendo la escena cultural contemporánea, principalmente en el entorno de los grandes centros urbanos, en la confluencia de tantos espacios, discursos y medios de propagación de poesía. Cabe, por lo tanto, analizar los contornos de esos movimientos poéticos brasileños en la contemporaneidad, entreviendo sus opciones éticas y estéticas.Palabras clave: poética brasileña contemporánea; poesía marginal; poesía divergente.Abstract: Contemporary Brazilian poetry is reinvented by innumerable deployments. One such deployment is the so-called marginal poetry from the 1970s and 1980s; another is divergent poetry, as named by its authors. They enrich the contemporary cultural scene, mainly in large urban centers, at the confluence of many spaces, speeches and means of propagation of poetry. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the contours of such Brazilian poetic movements in the contemporaneity, taking into account their ethical and aesthetic options.Keywords: contemporary Brazilian poetic; marginal poetry; divergent poetry.
Direct Care Workers Pathways Program: A Strategy for Seamless Academic Progression
Authors: Larrivee Linda S , Chalupka Stephanie M , Cleary Marilyn A , Comeau Cherie L
Published: May 2018

Nationally, there is a great demand for systems that meet the needs of local employers as well as develop tools and training for their incumbent workers. Concurrently, demand for healthcare professionals is growing and projected to continue for the next decade. Worcester State University created the “Direct Care Workforce Development Program” to offer a pathway for nontraditional-aged students in direct care positions to advance to higher-level jobs with family sustaining wages. Direct care workers (DCWs) (e.g., patient care assistant) encounter challenges in a quest to continue their education. They may be non-native speakers, lack a foundation in basic numeracy skills, or lack experience with technology. Therefore, DCWs require many support services for success in professional health-studies programs. In response, a partnership emerged between an urban medical center, state university, and labor union to provide academic pathways for DCWs to progress in careers through higher education. Two cohorts of DCWs from the medical center enrolled in the program, which provided courses totaling nine college credits. Career maps, containing action steps towards goals, and individual coaching helped DCWs define their aspirations. Many workers who completed the program matriculated into two and four-year professional programs, while others plan to do so in the future.
The Roles of Foundations and Universities in Redevelopment Planning
Authors: Walker Laurie A. , East Jean F.
Published: May 2018

Laurie A. Walker, the 2017 recipient of the Ernest A. Lynton Award for the Scholarship of Engagement, is an Associate Professor in the School of Social Work at the University of Montana. Together with her co-author, Dr. Jean F. East, Professor in the Graduate School of Social Work at the University of Denver, they have raised, in this piece, an important and insightful critical lens on the implications of higher education institutions’ “engagement” with their local communities. It looks deeply into the implications of the “blind spot” identified by Baldwin (2017), which “comes largely from the assumption that higher education, while hypnotized by corporate power, is still an inherent public good, most clearly marked by its tax-exempt status for providing services that would otherwise come from the government.” They examine how campuses may be deeply involved in the local urban area and also advancing a self-interest that may not be a public interest – through gentrification, and through what Baldwin calls “noneducational investments in real estate, policing, and labor” that “can carry negative consequences for neighborhoods of color.” Walker and East are asking us to more closely examine how campuses can get so involved in the cities of which they are a part as to be a dominant force that does not advance the public good, but the good of the campus. This is a dilemma and a question that many of the CUMU member campuses have already faced or may face in the coming years, and goes to the heart of the public good of higher education in a neoliberal age.
 
—John Saltmarsh, University of Massachusetts, Boston
Validity of RIPASA scoring system as a diagnostic tool of acute appendicitis in comparison with Alvarado scoring system in the Arab population
Authors: Abdelrhman Tamer M. , Al Saeed Mohammed S. , Badr Samir A. , Shaban Mohamed A. , Abuduruk Aseel , Hatem Mohamed
Published: May 2018

Background: RIPASA scoring has been developed to replace the disappointingly low accuracy Alvarado score in Asian population for diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Objective of present study was to compare the RIPASA and Alvarado score in Arab population and determine their accuracy when applied to our patients in Egypt and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).Methods: By applying the RIPASA and Alvarado scores to 100 patients from KSA, 100 patients from Egypt who presented to emergency with right iliac fossa pain. The decisions for appendicectomy were based on clinical judgment only. Histopathology as gold standard was correlated with both scores. ROC curve analysis, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, diagnostic accuracy for RIPASA and Alvarado system were calculated using SPSS version 20.Results: On comparing both the scoring system in patients of both hospital groups, we found that sensitivity of RIPASA scoring is greater than Alvarado scoring system 95.51% and 73.03% respectively in BTH group, and 97.56% and 79.27% respectively in KASH group, while the specificity of RIPASA scoring system is less than Alvarado scoring system 72.73% and 81.82% respectively in BTH group and 66.67% and 83.33% respectively in KASH group.Conclusions: In our Arab population the RIPASA score could be applied in diagnosis of acute appendicitis with higher sensitivity, NPV and diagnostic accuracy compared to the Alvarado score.
Left atrial myxoma causing severe mitral regurgitation
Authors: Vaidyanathan Swaminathan , Rajakumar Anjith Prakash , Madhan Vijay , Kurian V. M.
Published: May 2018

Myxomas are the most common benign tumours of the heart, majority of them arise from left atrium. They can have varied presentations, with asymptomatic patients to be picked up in routine screening at one end of spectrum to dangerous embolic manifestations at the other end of the spectrum. We report a case of left atrial myxoma distorting the mitral valve apparatus causing severe eccentric mitral regurgitation. Patient underwent complete surgical excision of the tumour along with mitral valve repair.
Acessibilidade para portadores de necessidades especiais no centro histórico da cidade de Itá – SC
Authors: Schmitt Bruna Bianc , Badalotti Claudine Machado
Published: May 2018

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar métodos, normas e alternativas para solucionar ou minimizar os problemas do cotidiano de pessoas com deficiência ou mobilidade reduzida, nas vias públicas e no acesso as edificações comerciais do Centro Histórico de Itá - SC. Quanto a classificação metodológica o trabalho enquadra-se como método indutivo. A classificação do nível da pesquisa enquadra-se como pesquisa exploratória. As técnicas utilizadas classificam-se quanto ao delineamento como: estudo de campo. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados são definidos como sendo: fotografias, observação e entrevistas. A população alvo delimitada para este estudo abrange os locais de circulação de pessoas do município de Itá, enquanto, que a amostra se delimita nas principais edificações do Centro Histórico de Itá. A amostra para este estudo classifica-se como não probabilística, sendo delimitada como intencional. O enfoque do estudo para análise e interpretação dos dados, foi definido como pesquisa qualitativa, tendo como objetivo a análise de conteúdo. Desse modo, os principais resultados obtidos, estão ligados ao cotidiano da população de Itá que necessita de condições especiais para locomoção. Sendo que foram constatados nas 09 (nove) principais edificações do Centro Histórico algum tipo de irregularidade com relação a norma de acessibilidade ABNT/NBR 9050 (2015). Porém, constatou-se também, que a maioria da população, (representada pelos 20 (vinte) moradores da cidade entrevistados), está satisfeita com a acessibilidade no município o que contraria os estudos técnicos obtidos e baseados na norma, e ainda, demonstra a falta de conhecimento dos habitantes a respeito do assunto.
A atividade matemática escolar como introdução de paradigmas na linguagem
Authors: Gottschalk Cristiane Maria Cornelia
Published: May 2018

De uma perspectiva wittgensteiniana, este artigo parte do pressuposto de que o uso que fazemos de nossos enunciados matemáticos é de natureza diferente das hipóteses das ciências naturais, as quais têm um uso predominantemente referencial. Enquanto estas têm uma finalidade explicativa e descritiva, os objetos da matemática e suas relações expressas através de axiomas e teoremas desempenham um papel normativo. Em contraposição a uma concepção referencial do conhecimento matemático, tem-se como objetivo mostrar a importância desta distinção para a atividade matemática no contexto escolar, desde o nível mais elementar de introdução de paradigmas em jogos de linguagem preparatórios, até o nível mais complexo de suas demonstrações, que, por sua vez, produzem novos paradigmas. Conclui-se que determinadas interpretações dos enunciados matemáticos advindas de uma concepção referencial da linguagem matemática podem conduzir a imagens dogmáticas, acarretando diversos equívocos em suas práticas pedagógicas, em particular, quando estas se ancoram em teorias mentalistas ou empiristas do significado.
Differential effects of various soy isoflavone dietary supplements (nutraceuticals) on bacterial growth and human fibroblast viability
Authors: Pierzynowska Karolina , Rzeszotko Agata , Blendowska Aleksandra , Wieczerzak Ewa , Rodziewicz-Motowidlo Sylwia , Piotrowska Ewa , Wegrzyn Grzegorz
Published: May 2018

Flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds present in many food products, affect growth of different bacterial species when tested as purified or synthetic substances. They can also influence gene expression in human cells, like fibroblasts. Here, we asked if soy isoflavone extracts, commonly used in many products sold as anti-menopausal dietary supplements, influence bacterial growth similarly to synthetic isoflavone, genistein. Four commercially available products were tested in amounts corresponding to genistein concentrations causing inhibition of growth of Vibrio harveyi (a model bacterium sensitive to this isoflavone) and Escherichia coli (a model bacterium resistant to genistein). Differential effects of various extracts on V. harveyi and E. coli growth, from stimulation, through no changes, to inhibition, were observed. Moreover, contrary to genistein, tested extracts caused a decrease (to different extends) in viability of human dermal fibroblasts. These results indicate that effects of various soy isoflavone extracts on bacterial growth and viability of human cells are different, despite similar declared composition of the commercially available products.
Quitting smoking before surgical interventions and its relationship to health literacy
Authors: ÖZGÜNAY Seyda Efsun , Demirci Hakan , EMİNOĞLU Şermin , DÜLGER Seyhan , YILMAZ Canan , KARASU Derya , ŞENGÖREN DİKİŞ Özlem
Published: May 2018

Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of
health literacy (HL) level and smoking dependence of patients on their
compliance with advice given by the physicians in anesthesia polyclinics on
giving up smoking. Methods: This prospective study included 165 smokers. HL was
evaluated by The European Health Literacy (HLS-EU). Nicotine dependence was
measured by Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND). Patients were
advised not to smoke and their carbon monoxide levels in expired air were
measured before on the operation day. Results: The number of patients
smoking on the day of surgery was significantly higher among females (p = 0.001). While the HL was lower, the
FTND scores (p = 0.006), daily
cigarette consumption (p < 0.001)
and years of cigarette smoking (p = 0.002)
were found to be significantly higher. Fewer number of days between the
polyclinic interview and the surgery date were positively correlated with
compliance with the advice to give up smoking (p = 0.011). Conclusions: Since the number of
patients continuing to smoke cigarettes was high, it was concluded that verbal
advice on giving up smoking is not enough and that other more effective
measures are needed to ensure patient compliance. The reminder of 'quit
smoking' on the day very close to the surgery may help more patients to stop
smoking on that day.
An Analysis of English Learning Demotivation Factors of Minority High-school Students in Western China ——A Case Study of A County High School in Qiannan Autonomous Prefecture in Guizhou Province
Authors: Sun Jie
Published: May 2018

Abstract: Through a questionnaire survey of 560 minority high-school students in western China and
interviews with 24 of them, this paper explores their English learning demotivators. Combined with
exploratory factor analysis, the results indicate that major demotivators are linguistic competence,
learning strategy, textbooks, social factor, teachers’ moral cultivation, language attitude, self-efficacy
and teachers’ professional knowledge and ability. Theoretically, this paper finds linguistic competence
factor and social factor, which enriches the findings of previous relevant researches. Practically, it
provides tentative suggestions for English teachers to reflect on their pedagogy and minimize students’
demotivation.
Introdução da Análise do Comportamento no Brasil: a Cadeira de Psicologia de Rio Claro (1962-1963)
Authors: Cândido Gabriel Vieira
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a contribuição da Cadeira de Psicologia da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras (FFCL) de Rio Claro para a introdução da Análise do Comportamento no Brasil. Pretende-se discutir algumas atividades relacionadas a este campo em curso de formação de professores entre 1962 e 1963, período em que Carolina Martuscelli Bori coordenou a Cadeira de Psicologia nesta Faculdade. De acordo com a literatura, importantes contribuições para a recepção e difusão do conhecimento em Análise do Comportamento ocorreram na Universidade de São Paulo e na Universidade de Brasília. Entretanto, um curso sobre Análise do Comportamento, com laboratório, e pesquisas ocorreu em Rio Claro, entre 1962 e 1963, onde Carolina Bori teve Geraldina Witter, Isaias Pessotti e Nilce Mejias como seus assistentes. Para atingir o objetivo deste artigo, foram usados documentos primários como artigos, fotos e cartas, além de entrevistas.
Transformação do significado de palavras sem sentido via relações arbitrárias de comparação com faces alegres
Authors: Dos Santos Gabriela Alves Rodrigues , Perez William Ferreira , De Almeida João Henrique , De Rose Julio César
Published: May 2018

O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a transformação de significado de palavras sem sentido via relações de comparação estabelecidas com faces alegres. Adultos foram expostos a um treino em que duas figuras abstratas tinham função de dicas contextuais de comparação, controlando diferencialmente a escolha de diferentes quantidades de objetos. Em seguida, tais figuras foram utilizadas para estabelecer a seguinte rede relacional de comparação envolvendo palavras sem sentido e faces alegres: A < B < FACE ALEGRE < D < E. Depois de estabelecidas as relações arbitrárias de comparação e testadas as relações derivadas (e.g., A < E, E > A), os participantes avaliaram o significado dos estímulos A e E por meio do (a) diferencial semântico, de um (b) teste de preferência e do (c) IRAP. Os resultados do diferencial semântico demonstraram transformação de função dos estímulos A e E em acordo com relações de comparação. Neste instrumento, o estímulo E foi avaliado pelos participantes como mais positivo que o estímulo A, resultado confirmado estatisticamente quando comparado às avaliações do grupo controle. Os testes de preferência, embora tenham variado entre participantes, apresentam uma tendência de evitação do estímulo A e de preferência pelo estímulo E. Diferentemente das medidas anteriores, não foi possível verificar uma diferença clara entre as avaliações dos estímulos A e E por meio do IRAP, sendo ambos avaliados como igualmente positivos em termos de medida implícita. Os resultados observados demonstram que apesar de A ser avaliado como menos alegre do que E, este não foi considerado triste, produzindo a inconsistência observada no IRAP
Treino didático de análise de contingências e previsão de intervenções sobre as consequências do responder
Authors: Prette Giovana Del
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é ensinar o passo a passo da construção de quadros de tríplice contingência, a partir da elaboração de hipóteses funcionais a respeito das relações entre respostas, seus antecedentes e suas consequências. O texto contém diversas perguntas grifadas, sinalizando que o leitor deve respondê-las antes de prosseguir. Inicialmente, a partir de exemplos simples, são discutidas as questões necessárias à elaboração de análises de contingências e, aos poucos, são colocados exemplos mais complexos. Estes requerem a compreensão de que, em situações não controladas, as respostas usualmente produzem múltiplas consequências, sobrepondo ou alternando reforçamento, punição e extinção. Em uma segunda etapa, apresenta-se também um exercício de previsão dos efeitos de intervenções sobre as consequências do responder. São enfocadas a modelagem e o reforçamento diferencial a partir do relato do cliente e dos seus comportamentos na própria interação terapêutica. Ressaltando a importância do reforçamento natural, o trabalho se encerra com a apresentação das prováveis mudanças do cliente no exemplo hipotético, a partir das intervenções levantadas.
O Papel da Comunidade Verbal no Ensino de Autocontrole: Implicações de Uma Visão Dualista de Homem
Authors: Corrêa Beatriz Azem , Cantero Claudia Razente , De Melo Camila Muchon
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo apresenta uma discussão teórico-conceitual do autocontrole na perspectiva behaviorista radical e a mediação da comunidade verbal na aquisição desse repertório. O ensino de comportamentos de autocontrole na sociedade prioriza “instâncias internas” como determinantes causais do comportamento. Discutem-se as estratégias utilizadas no ensino de autocontrole, decorrentes dessa visão dualista de Homem. São enfatizadas as possíveis contribuições da Análise do Comportamento, enquanto ciência monista, no desenvolvimento e modelagem desse repertório. A partir dessa perspectiva, os comportamentos de autocontrole apresentados pelos indivíduos podem ser aprimorados e pesquisas nessa área desenvolvidas. Conclui-se que a prática dualista e internalista causal atrasa a produção de análises úteis em esclarecer os processos envolvidos no desenvolvimento desse repertório especial de comportamento.
A Note on the Adoption of the Byzantine Models in Medieval Bulgaria (9th–10th Centuries). The Case with the Chrysorrhoas Collection
Authors: Miltenov Yavor
Published: May 2018

The paper aims at examining the first Slavic collection of homilies of John Chrysostom, called Zlatostruy (i.e. Chrysorrhoas or Golden Stream). The peculiarities of its content, compilation strategy and impact on the medieval Bulgarian literature, revealed in previous studies, allow us to extract features that are related to the flourishing of the 10th century Bulgarian literary tradition and the successful adoption of Byzantine models.
Genocide Rape Trauma: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Psychological Suffering of Rwandan Survivors
Authors: Mukamana Donatilla , Collins Anthony , Rosa William E.
Published: May 2018

In 1994, the Rwandan genocide claimed the lives of approximately 1 million Tutsi and moderate Hutu citizens. Systematic rape was a strategic component of the Hutu extremist plan to eradicate the Tutsi minority population. This involved collective and repeated sexual assaults with brutal violence, public humiliation, and torture. This article maps the ongoing psychological impact on Rwandan genocide rape survivors and identifies implications for international nursing practice. The research formalizes their narratives, identifying a number of interconnected elements that combine to produce myriad forms of chronic psychological suffering in the Rwandan context. This work in turn reveals the specific needs of these survivors that may be addressed by nursing. It allows nurses, as experts in managing the human responses to health and illness, to develop a more complete understanding of psychological suffering as it pertains to vulnerable populations during and in the wake of extreme social conflict. This clarifies the roles of nurse educators, clinicians, and policy advocates as key agents in providing genocide rape survivors with the resources and expertise needed to effectively manage their ongoing trauma.
Exploración y explotación de hidrocarburos aguas afuera (offshore). Estrategia logística para Barranquilla, una ciudad en transformación
Authors: Castellanos Andrés , Lombana Jahir , Ortiz Mauricio
Published: May 2018

The hydrocarbons industry in Colombia has been heavily affected by volatile international prices and the absence of new exploration/exploitation fields. As a result, given the scarcity of the resource and its importance as a source of income for the territory, offshore exploration and exploitation are seen as an alternative. To that end, changes must be made at the normative and technical level, and some cities like Barranquilla (Colombia) are already betting on a local transformation. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the technical, regulatory and academic gaps in Colombia, based on the state of the art on international offshore experience, and to propose a logistics strategy based on benefits and the recognition of the critical aspects of the type of exploitation and the transformation of the city to receive it. It is concluded that, despite the gaps, Caribbean cities — and particularly Barranquilla — are paving the way to become an offshore logistics development platform.
Factores asociados con el nivel de desempeño en el trabajo independiente de los estudiantes del Programa de Optometría de la Universidad de La Salle
Authors: Figueroa Olarte Luisa Fernanda
Published: May 2018

La presente investigación formó parte del macroproyecto “Prácticas pedagógicas” en el área “Las metodologías y los recursos de aprendizaje utilizados”, que buscó, en términos generales, dar cuenta de las acciones y reflexiones que se desarrollan cotidianamente en el aula, para permitir una mayor comprensión del ejercicio pedagógico desde lo metodológico hasta lo evaluativo. Objetivo: identificar y describir los factores asociados con el nivel de desempeño en el trabajo independiente de los estudiantes de pregrado del Programa de Optometría de la Universidad de La Salle. Metodología: se manejo investigación cualitativa de carácter descriptivo. Se trata también de investigación educativa, ya que está encaminada a obtener información de los procesos educativos y mejorar la práctica. La recolección de información se realizó con siete grupos focales y trece entrevistas a docentes y estudiantes de los diferentes semestres del Programa. Resultados: se pudo deducir que docentes y estudiantes tienen claros los conceptos de tiempo presencial e independiente, pero no las horas de dedicación para cada actividad según el plan de estudios, la planeación se hace en el syllabus, sin ningún tipo de participación del estudiante, y la evaluación es sobre todo de carácter “confirmatorio”, mediante preguntas en quizes y parciales. En la realización de tiempo independiente por parte de los estudiantes, se reconoció la influencia de aspectos como: motivación, tiempo de dedicación, familia, tipo de tarea, lugar de realización, evaluación y las diferentes formas de planeación. Conclusiones: el concepto que manejan docentes y estudiantes acerca del sistema de créditos es adecuado, pero no parece clara la apropiación de horas dedicadas a tiempo presencial e independiente según el programa. La calificación sería el principal motivador a la hora de realizar las tareas, en especial en los primeros semestres, y parece tener básicamente un carácter “confirmatorio”. El estudiante tiene mayor compromiso con espacios académicos relacionados de manera directa con su futuro quehacer profesional. Factores como familia, tipo de tarea, lugar, compañía y trabajo también son importantes de considerar al pensar en el desempeño de los estudiantes en el trabajo independiente.
Alternativas visuales en pacientes con baja visión
Authors: Marín Ballesteros Diana Milena
Published: May 2018

According to the World Health Organization (OMS, 1994), a patient with low vision is one that with his best correction in the eye with greater visual acuity of vision has not improved to 20/60 and the visual field is 10 degrees or less. At this moment, there are over 200 million people in the world with low vision, That is why it is important to know and study this field, because there are many people who need the cooperation of healthcare practitioners to improve their quality of life. The purpose of this review article is to raise awareness about the generalities of low vision, diagnosis, behavior mainly given by the various optical, non optical and electronic aids, in order to supply the needs of the patient according to their expectations and motivation.
Alucinaciones visuales: síndrome de Charles Bonnet
Authors: Sánchez Espinosa Jenny Maritza
Published: May 2018

The Charles Bonnet Syndrome is characterized by visual hallucinations that occur in people with severe sight loss and usually in elderly people with a normal mental state. This article discusses the characteristics of this syndrome as the etiology, pathophysiology and differential diagnosis, and is known diagnostic criteria for consideration in daily practice. Especially for optometrists be who sould be familiar with the signs and symptoms of this syndrome, as this group of patients almost always come first to consult optometrists. Even though the condition was published in the medical community for over 200 years ago, it has been rarely diagnosed due to the lack of knowledge about it. In optometric practice, it is suspected Charles Bonnet Syndrome especially in this age group with visual hallucinations and visual weakness or blindness, avoiding a psychiatric diagnosis wrong.
Estabilidad de la película lagrimal precorneal
Authors: Mayorga C. Myriam Teresa
Published: May 2018

A stable tear film is prerequisite for the proper functioning optical and metabolic eye. High percentage of conditions associated with dry eye, complications due to use of contact lenses and alterations of the tear are generally related to the instability of the tear film. Therefore, it is important to know and understand the terms related to tear stability, phenomena involved in different proposed theories and techniques to evaluate it, in order to make more accurate diagnosis, enabling effective treatments. Based on This literature review it will present models to explain the tear stability and instability to have a broader view of this important physico-chemical phenomenon unknown and even less understood by visual and ocular health professionals.
Lentes de contacto rígidos gas permeables esclerales, una opción terapéutica en el tratamiento de enfermedades de la superficie ocular
Authors: Arias Gómez Fermín Eduardo
Published: May 2018

Los lentes de contacto esclerales han mantenido un pequeño pero valioso lugar entre los lentes de contacto en la práctica clínica. Es evidente que, debido a la poca instrucción del lente escleral, no se le ha dado una alta prioridad en el ámbito profesional, lo que conlleva a que muchos profesionales no tengan una comprensión de sus ventajas intrínsecas y, en consecuencia, rara vez se prescribe o recomienda su uso. Este tipo de lentes rígidos gas permeables desempeñan un papel importante y no se valoran suficientemente en el tratamiento de enfermedades corneales, así como su beneficio para la rehabilitación visual de ectasias, astigmatismos irregulares y en la terapia de la enfermedad de la superficie ocular.
Relación acomodación convergencia por acomodación (AC/A) con el método del gradiente en un pequeño grupo poblacional de la ciudad de Pereira
Authors: León Álvarez Alejandro , Pulgarín Cesar Augusto
Published: May 2018

El propósito de este estudio fue determinar el valor promedio de la relación AC/A calculada con el método del gradiente en un pequeño grupo poblacional de la ciudad de Pereira y establecer el lente estímulo más pertinente para calcular esta sinergia. Metodología: se evaluaron 66 personas con edades entre 16 y 30 años, a los cuales se realizó: distancia interpupilar, agudeza visual, heteroforias visión lejana (VL) y visión próxima (VP), forias inducidas y AC/A gradiente. Resultados: se obtuvo un AC/A gradiente de 1:3,12 (SD =1.30); con el lente estímulo de +1.00, 1:3,41 (SD = 1,59), -1.00 D 1:2,82 (SD = 1,45), -2.00 D, 1:3,11 (SD =1,27), y -3.00 D, 1:3,18 (SD =1,27). La mejor correlación se obtuvo con los lentes de -2.00 y -3.00 D (SD =0.76) y la peor con los lentes de +1.00 y -1.00 D (SD =0.15). Conclusiones: la relación AC/A gradiente es menor a la reportada en la literatura y existe una significativa variabilidad al ser medida con diferentes lentes estímulo.
Conceptos y conocimientos de los estudiantes frente a seguridad industrial ocular en los talleres del Instituto Técnico Industrial Piloto de Bogotá
Authors: Jiménez Barbosa Ingrid Astrid
Published: May 2018

Para toda institución de educación media técnica es importante conocer los conceptos que los estudiantes tienen frente a la seguridad industrial ocular dado que de estos conocimientos depende la ocurrencia de incidentes y accidentes en los ojos de sus estudiantes. Metodología: en el Instituto Técnico Industrial Piloto de Bogotá, se aplicó una encuesta con cinco preguntas cerradas, a una muestra de 582 estudiantes que rotan por los talleres del colegio en las dos jornadas, para conocer los conceptos que ellos manejan relacionados con seguridad industrial. Resultados: se encontró que los estudiantes de la jornada de la tarde casi siempre utilizan los elementos de protección personal visuales y los de la mañana los utilizan siempre en un porcentaje más bajo. Los estudiantes en las dos jornadas reportaron que siempre siguen las normas y tienen en cuenta la señalización que existe en los talleres del colegio respecto a protección visual, con porcentajes entre 46,60% y 45,83%. Los estudiantes de las dos jornadas conocen los riesgos que pueden desencadenar accidentes visuales en los talleres y consideran para las dos jornadas que el taller más peligroso es metalistería, seguido de ebanistería. Entre el 85,71% y 88,89% de los estudiantes de las dos jornadas no han sufrido accidentes oculares en los talleres. Conclusiones: se observó que los elementos de protección personal son utilizados casi siempre en las dos jornadas, se tienen en cuenta y conocen las normas y la señalización, lo que se relaciona con el bajo porcentaje de accidentes oculares, según reportes estadísticos de años anteriores.
Fundamentos de campo visual
Authors: Medrano Muñoz Sandra Milena
Published: May 2018

Las investigaciones sobre campo visual se han venido realizando desde el siglo V antes de Cristo y, con el transcurrir del tiempo, se ha avanzado en el estudio, tanto de los métodos de exploración, como de los tipos de defectos campimétricos. Actualmente, se utilizan métodos de exploración campimétrica como el método de confrontación cinético: en el que se presenta un estímulo que se mueve desde la periferia hasta el centro tanto horizontal como verticalmente; perímetro cinético y cualitativo de Goldman: en el que se emiten estímulos de luminancia variable para determinar el umbral en cada punto; campímetro visual computarizado: es un tipo de perimetría estática y cuantitativa que emite estímulos inmóviles de diferente intensidad para determinar el valor de umbral en cada punto. Por medio de estos instrumentos se puede realizar un estudio de campo visual y detectar alteraciones campimétricas como: depresiones del campo visual; contracciones del campo visual y escotomas absolutos o relativos. Estos escotomas se pueden clasificar de acuerdo a su morfología en: hemianopsias y cuadrantanopsias; y escotomas de acuerdo a su ubicación en: centrales, paracentrales, cecales, centrocecales, arciformes y anulares. Teniendo un conocimiento previo sobre la forma de medición del campo visual, la anatomía de la vía óptica y tipos de defectos campimétricos, el analista tiene las herramientas necesarias para realizar una lectura adecuada de campo visual y poder correlacionar el resultado con las diferentes afectaciones que se pueden presentar de acuerdo a su ubicación desde el ojo, siguiendo el recorrido de la vía óptica hasta la corteza occipital.
El examen analítico y su importancia clínica. Método de análisis gráfico
Authors: Durán Silva Luz Myriam
Published: May 2018

Los métodos analíticos determinan la exactitud de la refracción, la relación de la acomodación – convergencia y establece los límites de la zona de visión clara, sencilla y binocular. La zona de confort o zona de trabajo se ve afectada por las siguientes categorías: Disminución de la visión: como son los defectos refractivos y funcionales (hipermetropía, miopía, astigmatismo, ambliopía, estrabismo). Fatiga Visual: alteraciones de la relación de acomodación convergencia y disminución de la amplitud de fusión de acomodación, llevando consigo dificultad de atención y concentración en el trabajo debido a la fatiga visual que se presenta. Infantes con problemas de aprendizaje y falencias en lectoescritua. Padres y docentes que remiten a los niños en edad escolar para tratamientos psicológicos sin preveer que el rendimiento académico del el niño, no está asociado a factores relacionados con su personalidad y relación con su entorno, sino que por el contrario su bajo nivel de aprendizaje es consecuencia de su incomodidad visual. Procesos pre y post quirúrgicos de cirugía refractiva. Es normal encontrar en el motivo de consulta de estos pacientes el inconfort visual para lejos y cerca, reportando emborronamiento, visión doble, exagerada molestia a la luz, ardor, afectando su zona de trabajo de visión clara, sencilla y binocular. El examen analítico comprende tres puntos esenciales, examen refractivo, examen gráfico y disposición. Por medio del análisis gráfico se demuestra clínicamente el estado de la visión binocular, en la cual se estudia la zona de trabajo identificando que exista, visión clara, simple y confortable.