bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXAMINING CELLULOSE-PECTIN INTERACTIONS IN PLANT CELL WALL AND IMPLICATION IN COMPOSITE DESIGN
Authors: JAMAL MOHAMMAD SALMAN IBNA , HOSSEN ANZAMAN , PRASAD ANAMIKA
Published: November 2023

The cell wall (CW) in plants is an anisotropic fiber-reinforced composite material made from multiple components (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and lignin), with their structure and properties varying throughout the growth process to accommodate its multifunctional biological and structural needs. Revealing the architecture of plant CW and the role of its constituent and their interfaces is the key driver for this study. Here we characterized the composite-structure-mechanical response outcome of CW under component removal using enzymatic treatment, followed by instrumented indentation, optical microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy analysis to illustrate the changes. The results of the study indicate the critical role of pectin in the structure, where its breakage f1rom the cell wall leads to a maximum loss in structure and strength both for the early and later stages of plant growth. This study forms the basis of an expanded future investigation into the cell wall structure toward designing flexible fiber-reinforced composites for a broad range of applications.
Sieć powiązań derywacyjnych na materiale Słownika gramatycznego języka polskiego
Authors: Wołoszyn Joanna , Kieraś Witold , Woliński Marcin
Published: November 2023

DERIVATIONAL NETWORK ON THE BASIS OF SŁOWNIK GRAMATYCZNY JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO: SUGGESTION FOR CLASSIFICATION
The article presents a suggestion of adding a derivational network to the Słownik gramatyczny języka polskiego (SGJP, Grammatical Dictionary of Polish). To date, SGJP regularly noted selected wordbuilding relations (e.g., names of features created by adding the ending -ość to adjectives), several (such as diminutives) were marked inconsistently and many were not introduced there at all. To fill this gap, the authors adjusted the classification of derivatives developed by Renata Grzegorczykowa to the needs of SGJP (with slight modifications discussed in the first part of the text). Next, an experiment was conducted where lexemes from a list of 2500 most common SGJP words were connected with their derivatives and the latter were then classified according to the assumed rules.
Rola słowników opracowanych przez autochtonów w dokumentacji leksyki gwarowej
Authors: Karaś Halina
Published: November 2023

THE ROLE OF DICTIONARIES DEVELOPED BY AUTOCHTHONOUS AUTHORS IN THE DOCUMENTATION OF THE DIALECTAL LEXIS
The documentation of dialectal vocabulary is an urgent task in view of the rapid disappearance of dialects or their evolution. That is why it is so important to develop dictionaries of dialects that have not been described lexicographically so far. Regional and local dialectal dictionaries, apart from documentation and scientific purposes, also play an important role in the region, in cultural activities undertaken and in maintaining the awareness of regional distinctiveness. They are an important determinant of this regional and local awareness, a sign of emotional ties connecting the inhabitants of a region or one town.A special role in the Polish dialect lexicography is played by autochthonous authors, both linguists, dialectologists and amateurs. It is them, knowing the native dialect and its users well, who can obtain valuable and rare lexical material for scientific research. The article, based on selected examples, discusses the role of dictionaries developed by indigenous peoples, it also indicates the reasons why these dictionaries are so valuable for dialectology.
Etnolingwistyka kognitywna – w stronę integralnego opisu języka
Authors: Wasiuta Sebastian
Published: November 2023

COGNITIVE ETHNOLINGUISTICS: TOWARDS THE INTEGRAL DESCRIPTION OF LANGUAGE
The history of ethnolinguistics is, among other things, the history of the evolution of the idea of integrating hitherto isolated levels of research and types of data that are used in analyses. This paper discusses four views important for ethnolinguistics: on the unity of language and culture; about the importance of the cognitive function of language; about the need to use a broad material base inresearch; about recognizing that the ultimate goal of ethnolinguistic research is to reach the way of conceptualization of the world by the speaker, his mentality and the world of values.
W stronę integracji i interdyscyplinarności
Authors: Chudzik Anna , Drabik Beata
Published: November 2023

TOWARDS INTEGRATION AND INTERDISCIPLINARITY. ACTIVITIES OF THE SEMANTICS OF UTTERANCES LABORATORY IN KRAKOW
The subject of the article is the activity of the Semantics of Utterance Laboratory, which existed in the years 1988–2001 at the Institute of Polish Philology of the Jagiellonian University, and dealt with the popularization and critical discussion of innovative concepts in the humanities, especially in linguistics. The aim of the article is to recall this important chapter in the recent history of Krakow’s scientific life and to indicate the importance of this initiative for the popularization of new trends in research thought, integration of the scientific community and dissemination of the idea of interdisciplinary discourse. The article presents the beginnings of the Semantics of Utterances Laboratory, its scientific program, research and didactic goals, topics of speeches and their authors, as well as direct and long-term effects of its activity.
Reciprocal Human-Machine Learning: A Theory and an Instantiation for the Case of Message Classification
Authors: Te’eni Dov , Yahav Inbal , Zagalsky Alexely , Schwartz David , Silverman Gahl , Cohen Daniel , Mann Yossi , Lewinsky Dafna
Published: November 2023

There is growing agreement among researchers and developers that in certain machine-learning (ML) tasks, it may be advantageous to keep a “human in the loop” rather than rely on fully autonomous systems. Continual human involvement can mitigate machine bias and performance deterioration while enabling humans to continue learning from insights derived by ML. Yet a microlevel theory that effectively facilitates joint and continual learning in both humans and machines is still lacking. To address this need, we adopt a design science approach and build on theories of human reciprocal learning to develop an abstract configuration for reciprocal human-ML (RHML) in the context of text message classification. This configuration supports learning cycles between humans and machines who repeatedly exchange feedback regarding a classification task and adjust their knowledge representations accordingly. Our configuration is instantiated in Fusion, a novel technology artifact. Fusion is developed iteratively in two case studies of cybersecurity forums (drug trafficking and hacker attacks), in which domain experts and ML models jointly learn to classify textual messages. In the final stage, we conducted two experiments of the RHML configuration to gauge both human and machine learning processes over eight learning cycles. Generalizing our insights, we provide formal design principles for the development of systems to support RHML.

This paper was accepted by D. J. Wu, special issue on the human-algorithm connection.

Funding: This work was supported by the Israel’s Ministry of Defence [Grant R4441197567] and the Israel’s Ministry of Science and Technology [Grant 207076].

Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.03518 .
Physical Frictions and Digital Banking Adoption
Authors: Choi Hyun-Soo , Loh Roger K.
Published: November 2023

The behavioral literature suggests that minor frictions can elicit desirable behavior without obvious coercion. Using closures of ATMs in a densely populated city as an instrument for small frictions to physical banking access, we find that customers affected by ATM closures increase their usage of the bank’s digital platform. Other spillover effects of this adoption of financial technology include increases in point-of-sale transactions, electronic funds transfers, automatic bill payments and savings, and a reduction in cash usage. Our results show that minor frictions can help overcome the status quo bias and facilitate significant behavior change.

This paper was accepted by David Sraer, finance.

Supplemental Material: Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4972 .
Monitoring tooth wear
Authors: Wetselaar Peter
Published: November 2023

Tooth wear is a multifactorial condition leading to the irreversible loss of dental hard tissues. Although tooth wear is mainly a physiological process, it can become pathological if the wear process is accelerated for various reasons. Since this process is not linear, but can sometimes be inactive and sometimes active, a careful monitoring policy is necessary. The possible monitoring tools are described in this article, and a proposal is made with regard to the frequency of the systematic and periodic collection of information.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The prevalence of tooth wear is increasing and it now carries the third highest risk (after caries and periodontitis) for maintaining the natural dentition.
What's next for immunisations in primary care?
Authors: Heffernan Catherine
Published: November 2023

Dr Catherine Heffernan looks at the latest guidance for nurses on vaccinations
Wound assessment – the foundation of wound care
Authors: Bishop Alexandra
Published: November 2023

Alexandra Bishop looks at the fundamentals of assessing wounds in primary care settings
Assessment of women during early pregnancy
Authors: Haara Sean Robert Te
Published: November 2023

Approximately 5% of the workload of UK emergency ambulance services involves managing obstetric patients. This places pregnancy firmly within the scope of prehospital care, but training often focuses on critical illness during pregnancy rather than the range of presentations seen. This review aims to discuss the implications of early pregnancy with a focus on ectopic pregnancy, rhesus incompatibility, miscarriage and hyperemesis gravidarum. Normal presentations of pregnancy and alternative management strategies, including early pregnancy units, are also discussed.
Excited delirium syndrome
Authors: Sengstock Brian , Curtis Janet
Published: November 2023

Mental health calls make up a large proportion of ambulance workloads, with paramedics responding to a wide range of presentations such as anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and excited delirium syndrome. Excited delirium syndrome is an increasingly common presentation, characterised by extreme agitation and aggression in a patient with an altered mental status. Excited delirium is a potentially life-threatening condition, with generally non-specific symptoms. Common triggers of excited delirium syndrome are acute drug use, psychiatric illness, or abrupt cessation of antipsychotic medication. It occurs when there is excessive dopamine stimulation in the striatum, combined with acute exposure to catecholaminergic psychoactive substances. A history of schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder are known risk factors for excited delirium syndrome. While agitation and aggression, concomitant with an altered mental status are the hallmark of excited delirium, other medical conditions such as hypoxia, head trauma, hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia, and infection can produce similar symptoms, and need to be ruled out as causes. Safety is paramount in the management of excited delirium, with the use of physical and chemical restraint being commonplace. Rhabdomyolysis often occurs when the patient is able to exercise extreme exertion against the restraints and this should be minimised to prevent the risk of cardiac arrest.
Propagation properties of partially coherent sinh vortex beam through anisotropic atmospheric turbulence
Authors: cao jin , feng Tang , Huang Kai , Li Yuqiang , Xu Yonggen
Published: November 2023

Based on the extended Huygens Fresnel principle and Rytov approximation, we have theoretically derived the analytical formula for the propagation of partially coherent electromagnetic hyperbolic-sine-Gaussian vortex beam (PCEShVB) in anisotropic atmospheric turbulence. And the evolution characteristics of average intensity, the degreed of coherent(DOC) and the degree of polarization(DOP) of the beam in turbulence have been studied in detail. The results show that in the propagation process, the intensity distribution of the beam will appear spiral structure distribution, and the overall distribution of the light spots will rotate, and the rotation direction is related to the sign of the topological charge. The DOC distribution of PCEShVB will show a pattern similar to beam interference fringes with the increase of propagation distance, and the number of ‘interference fringes’ is greatly affected by the hyperbolic sine parameter. In addition, PCEShVB with large initial coherent length and hyperbolic sine parameter will obtain a large DOP. Finally, we use the random phase screen method to verify the correctness of our theoretical results.
Use of antimicrobials during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study among stakeholders in Nepal
Authors: Dhungel Binod , Thapa Shrestha Upendra , Adhikari Sanjib , Adhikari Nabaraj , Bhattarai Alisha , Pokharel Sunil , Karkey Abhilasha , Limmathurotsakul Direk , Ghimire Prakash , Rijal Komal Raj , Cheah Phaik Yeong , Pell Christopher , Adhikari Bipin
Published: November 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic was a major public health threat and the pressure to find curative therapies was tremendous. Particularly in the early critical phase of the pandemic, a lot of empirical treatments, including antimicrobials, were recommended. Drawing on interviews with patients, clinicians and drug dispensers, this article explores the use of antimicrobials for the management of COVID-19 in Nepal. A total of 30 stakeholders (10 clinicians, 10 dispensers and 10 COVID-19 patients) were identified purposively and were approached for an interview. Clinicians and dispensers in three tertiary hospitals in Kathmandu assisted in the recruitment of COVID-19 patients who were undergoing follow-up at an out-patient department. Interviews were audio recorded, translated and transcribed into English, and were analyzed thematically. The respondents report that over-the-counter (OTC) use of antibiotics was widespread during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal. This was mostly rooted in patients’ attempts to mitigate the potential severity of respiratory illnesses, and the fear of the stigmatization and social isolation linked to being identified as a COVID-19 patient. Patients who visited drug shops and physicians reportedly requested specific medicines including antibiotics. Clinicians reported uncertainty when treating COVID-19 cases that added pressure to prescribe antimicrobials. Respondents from all stakeholder groups recognized the dangers of excessive use of antimicrobials, with some referring to the development of resistance. The COVID-19 pandemic added pressure to prescribe, dispense and overuse antimicrobials, accentuating the pre-existing OTC use of antimicrobials. Infectious disease outbreaks and epidemics warrant special caution regarding the use of antimicrobials and specific policy response.
Preeclampsia and its determinants in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kassa Bekalu Getnet , Asnkew Sintayehu , Ayele Alemu Degu , Nigussie Azezu Asres , Demilew Basaznew Chekol , Mihirete Gedefaye Nibret
Published: November 2023

Background

Preeclampsia is a serious condition that is linked to poor perinatal outcomes. In Ethiopia, the overall prevalence of preeclampsia and its associated factors is uncertain. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to find the prevalence of pre-eclampsia and its determinants in Ethiopia.

Methods

To find primary studies, PubMed, Google Scholar, HINAR, Scopus, the Web of Sciences, and grey literature searches were used between January 1, 2013, and January 1, 2023, in Ethiopia. A Microsoft Excel sheet was used to extract data. The pooled prevalence of pre-eclampsia was predicted using a random-effect model.

Results

Twenty-nine studies were included. The pooled prevalence of pre-eclampsia was 11.51% (95% CI: 8.41, 14.61). Age > 35 years old (AOR = 2.34, 95%CI, 1.74–2.94; p-value = 0.64), housewife (AOR = 2.76, 95%CI, 1.2–4.32; p-value = 0.37), previous history of pre-eclampsia (AOR = 4.02, 95%CI, 2.91–5.55; p-value = 0.09), family history of hypertension (OR = 1.84, 95%CI, 1.39–2.3; p-value = 0.4), history of chronic hypertension (AOR = 2.44, 95%CI, 1.8–3.08; p-value = 0.67), history of multiple pregnancies (AOR = 1.45, 95%CI, 1.09–1.8; p-value = 0.38), and alcohol intake during pregnancy (AOR = 1.53, 95%CI, 1.03–2.04; p-value = 0.03) were the determinants of pre-eclampsia.

Conclusions

When compared to previous studies, the overall pooled prevalence of pre-eclampsia was high. Pre-eclampsia is associated with maternal age >35 years, being a housewife, having a history of preeclampsia, having a history of chronic hypertension, having a family history of hypertension, having diabetes mellitus, drinking alcohol during pregnancy, and having multiple pregnancies.
Is the effect of a health crisis symmetric for physical and digital financial assets? An assessment of gold and bitcoin during the pandemic
Authors: Badshah Waqar , Musah Mohammed , Khan Asad Ul Islam
Published: November 2023

The emergence of the covid-19 health crisis, in this advanced technological era where connections between markets, nations, and economies have grown stronger than ever before, the shock of the COVID-19 pandemic quickly had an impact on both physical and digital financial assets. The Chinese financial market experienced the first consequences of the covid-19 pandemic, then spilled over to other financial markets, including those for cryptocurrencies and the precious metals. This study examines the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the volatilities of the dynamics of bitcoin and gold. Both assets share some characteristics, such as online trading platforms, however, gold is a tangible financial asset unlike bitcoin, which is digitally generated without any physical form. This study argues that the similarities and differences between bitcoin and gold play major roles in how the covid-19 crisis affected their respective dynamics. Using daily data ranging from 9/22/2014 to 1/31/2023 and employing ARMA as the mean equation for GARCH model, the impact of the health crisis (covid-19) is examined on the volatilities of the prices and volumes of bitcoin and gold. Empirical evidence points out that, the pandemic has a symmetric impact on the volatilities of bitcoin and gold price returns, causing them to be more volatile. The impact of the covid-19 observed on the volume returns of the assets, however, is asymmetrical. The empirical results give evidence to the role that the vital differences existing between these assets played during the covid-19 pandemic.
Family influences on oral PrEP use among adolescent girls and young women in Kenya and South Africa
Authors: Ndimande-Khoza Makhosazane Nomhle , Katz Ariana W. K. , Moretlwe-Delany Sinead , Travill Danielle , Rousseau Elzette , Omollo Victor , Morton Jennifer , Johnson Rachel , Bekker Linda-Gail , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Baeten Jared , Celum Connie , van der Straten Ariane , Roberts Sarah T.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Effective use of oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been lower among African adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) than among older women, young men who have sex with men, and serodiscordant heterosexual couples in the region. Efforts to build PrEP support have centered around peers and male partners, but the family may also play an important role. This qualitative study aimed to describe family influence on PrEP use among AGYW in in three African cities.

Methods

POWER (Prevention Options for Women Evaluation Research) was a PrEP demonstration project among 2550 AGYW (16–25 years old) in Johannesburg and Cape Town, South Africa and Kisumu, Kenya conducted from 2017 to 2020. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with 136 AGYW participants to explore their PrEP views and experiences, including awareness and interest in PrEP; barriers and facilitators to uptake and use; the influence of family, peers, intimate partners, and community; and the key types of support for their PrEP use. Transcripts were coded and analysed thematically.

Results

The decision to initiate PrEP was associated with fear and anxiety linked to anticipated stigma from family members, and with family’s lived HIV experience. Family disclosure, especially to mothers, was important to participants, as most lived with their families and considered it essential for them to obtain their mother’s approval to use PrEP. Most family members, particularly mothers, provided instrumental, emotional, informational and appraisal support to participants using PrEP, including reminders, encouragement, and problem-solving. Participants reported that family members with insufficient information about PrEP safety and efficacy and who voiced concerns were a substantial barrier to their use. However, they often became supportive after receiving more PrEP information.

Conclusion

Families, particularly mothers, can play an important role in supporting PrEP use. PrEP programmes should leverage family support to help with PrEP persistence by providing basic information to families about PrEP safety and efficacy. AGYW using PrEP should be encouraged to selectively disclose PrEP use to build support and counseled on how to disclose and address family concerns.
How do water matrices influence QSPR models in wastewater treatment?–A case study on the sonolytic elimination of phenol derivates
Authors: Glienke Judith , Stelter Michael , Braeutigam Patrick
Published: November 2023

As the demand of freshwater increases with simultaneously aggravated climatic challenges, the development of efficient and effective water purification methods is of high importance. Qualitative Structure-Property Relationships (QSPRs) can support this process by calculating a correlation between the molecular structure and the degradability of water pollutants in a defined removal procedure, expressed by the kinetic constant of their removal. This can help to receive more mechanistical interpretation of the underlying process, but also to reduce experimental costs and time. As most QSPR models in wastewater treatment research are based on experimental data using ultrapure water as reaction solutions, it is still unknown to which extent QSPR models for different water matrices differ from each other with regard to selected descriptors and performance. Therefore, in this study the sonolytic degradation of 32 phenol derivates was investigated for three different water matrices (NaCl, Glucose, NaCl+Glucose) and compared to a previous study in ultrapure water. With only very few exceptions, the addition of water additives reduced the degradability of the target analytes. Based on these four datasets, QSPR modelling, respecting all five OECD principles for reliable QSPR models, were performed using numerous internal and external validations as well as statistical quality assurances to ensure good regression abilities as well as stability and predictivity. As the final four models were compared, it was observed that the descriptor selection and model calculation were highly impacted by the water additives. This was also confirmed when the descriptor pools of the best 10 models for each water composition were compared, as the descriptor pools were also highly dissimilar, indicating a shift in structural importance when changing the water composition. It could be shown that water matrices significantly influence the results of QSPR modelling even at very low concentrations of the matrix components.
Comparison of Pre-trained vs Custom-trained Word Embedding Models for Word Sense Disambiguation
Authors: Farhat Ullah Muhammad , Saeed Ali , Hussain Naveed
Published: November 2023

The prime objective of word sense disambiguation (WSD) is to develop such machines that can automatically recognize the actual meaning (sense) of ambiguous words in a sentence. WSD can improve various NLP and HCI challenges. Researchers explored a wide variety of methods to resolve this issue of sense ambiguity. However, majorly, their focus was on English and some other well-reputed languages. Urdu with more than 300 million users and a large amount of electronic text available on the web is still unexplored. In recent years, for a variety of Natural Language Processing tasks, word embedding methods have proven extremely successful. This study evaluates, compares, and applies a variety of word embedding approaches to Urdu Word embedding (both Lexical Sample and All-Words), including pre-trained (Word2Vec, Glove, and FastText) as well as custom-trained (Word2Vec, Glove, and FastText trained on the Ur-Mono corpus). Two benchmark corpora are used for the evaluation in this study: (1) the UAW-WSD-18 corpus and (2) the ULS-WSD-18 corpus. For Urdu All-Words WSD tasks, top results have been achieved (Accuracy=60.07 and F1=0.45) using pre-trained FastText. For the Lexical Sample, WSD has been achieved (Accuracy=70.93 and F1=0.60) using custom-trained GloVe word embedding method.
The Thing (1982): un primer modelo de prediagnóstico para las infecciones y alteraciones de la fisiología
Authors: Prieto-Gómez Isabel , Ramírez-Sánchez Manuel , Segarra-Robles Ana Belén , Suleiman-Martos Nora , García-Cózar Francisco , Domínguez-Vías Germán
Published: November 2023

The Thing / La cosa (El enigma de otro mundo) (1982) de John Carpenter, supone un reto audiovisual para pensar en el descubrimiento de claves para la detección temprana de infecciones hostiles. La búsqueda de técnicas rápidas y sencillas para la resolución de casos supone la diferencia entre la supervivencia y mantenerse en la desconfianza para un grupo que trata de descubrir quienes de ellos están infectados, y no terminar transformados en «otra cosa». Este trabajo permitirá al estudiantado conocer los cambios en el equilibrio homeostático que supondría la relación con los microorganismos de distinta naturaleza presentes en la sangre.
Mingas
Authors: RODRIGUEZ AZA Milena Estefanía
Published: November 2023

Este texto hace parte de mi propio proceso por enunciar un tema de interés que alcance a ser trabajado como propuesta de investigación doctoral, por ello es apenas un esbozo de preocupaciones e ideas para el que antes de dar vueltas en lo que podría ser “el juego” como puesta comprensiva, es necesario establecer algunas nociones alrededor de del Consejo Regional Indígena del Cauca y hacer algunas anotaciones sobre las Mingas, para pasar a proponer una lectura crítica.
Probabilistic Inventory Model Using All Unit Discount Factor and Inflation
Authors: Soleh Mohammad , Haque Arinal , Muda Yuslenita
Published: November 2023

Inflasi menyebabkan harga per-satuan barang naik di masa depan. Untuk mengimbangi inflasi, perusahaan dapat memanfaatkan discount yang diberikan oleh supplier. Tetapi pemesanan barang harus disesuaikan dengan permintaan untuk menghindari peningkatan biaya penyimpanan. Penelitian ini menjelaskan mengenai model inventory probabilistik dengan permintaan pada waktu tunggu berdistribusi Gamma dan mempertimbangkan adanya faktor discount dan inflasi. Kondisi backorder diperbolehkan dalam pembentukan model ini. Penelitian ini menghasilkan bentuk model inventori probalilistik dan algoritma untuk mendapatkan jumlah pemesaann optimal dan waktu pemesanan optimal untuk barang-barang yang all unit discount dan mengalami inflasi dengan permintaan berdistibusi Gamma.
[Inflation causes the price per unit of goods to rise in the future. To offset inflation, companies can take advantage of discounts provided by suppliers. But ordering goods must be adjusted according to demand to avoid storage costs. This study describes a probabilistic supply model with demand at a time with a Gamma distribution and waiting for the discount and inflation factors. Backorder conditions in this model is assumed. The research produces a probabilistic inventory model and an algorithm to obtain the optimal number of orders and optimal ordering times for items that are all discounted and inflated with Gamma distribution demand.]
Perbandingan Analisis Faktor Klasik dan Robust secara Empiris dan Simulasi
Authors: Yogi Anggara  , Epha Diana Supandi
Published: November 2023

Analisis faktor adalah kajian pada statistika yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan varians antara variabel berkorelasi yang diamati dalam jumlah yang lebih kecil dari variabel yang diamati yang mana disebut sebagai faktor. Ketika dihadapkan dengan data yang berisikan pencilan didalamnya, kerap kali model faktor yang terbentuk melenceng dari hasil yang diharapkan. Alternatif yang dapat digunakan adalah dengan mengestimasi kovarian yang robust terhadap pencilan menggunakan Minimum Covariance Determinant (MCD). Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data mobilitas provinsi di Indonesia yang diambil melalui Google pada tanggal 2 Maret 2020 sampai 2 Maret 2021. Dari hasil analisis, diperoleh faktor optimal pada data mobilitas sebanyak 3 faktor, dengan varians kumulatif sebesar 84,3%. Dengan membandingkan sensitivitas loading factor antara model analisis faktor robust menggunakan MCD dengan analisis faktor klasik, didapatkan bahwa loading factor analisis faktor robust menggunakan MCD lebih stabil dibandingkan analisis faktor klasik.
[Factor analysis is the study of statistics used to describe the variance between correlated variables that are observed in a smaller number of observed variables which are referred to as factors. When faced with data that contains outliers in it, the factor model formed often deviates from the expected results. An alternative that can be used is to estimate a robust covariance for outliers using the Minimum Covariance Determinant (MCD). The data used in this study is mobility data for provinces in Indonesia taken via Google from March 2 2020 to March 2 2021. From the analysis results, the optimal factor for mobility data is 3 factors, with a cumulative variance of 84.3%. By comparing the sensitivity of factor loading between robust factor analysis models using MCD and classical factor analysis, it is found that the factor loading of robust factor analysis using MCD is more stable than classical factor analysis.]
Trace Matriks Toeplitz Heptadiagonal Simetris Berpangkat Bilangan Bulat Positif
Authors: Aryani Fitri , Ramadhani Eza Syafri , Muda Yuslenita , Marzuki Corry Corazon
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bentuk umum trace matriks Toeplitz heptadiagonal simetris berpangkat dua sampai empat. Untuk mendapatkan bentuk umum trace matriks tersebut dimulai dengan menentukan bentuk umum perpangkatan matriks Toeplitz heptadiagonal simetris berpangkat dua. Sedangkan perpangkatan  tiga dan empat cukup dengan menentukan entri-entri diagonal utama saja dari  perpangkatan matriks Toeplitz heptadiagonal simetris tersebut. Selanjutnya, diperoleh bentuk umum trace matriks Toeplitz heptadiagonal simetris berpangkat dua sampai empat. Kedua bentuk umum tersebut dibuktikan dengan cara pembuktian langsung. Diberikan juga contoh aplikasi dari trace matriks Toeplitz heptadiagonal simetris berpangkat dua sampai empat.
Analisis Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Persamaan Trigonometri
Authors: Halimatus Sadiyah  , Permatasari Dian
Published: November 2023

Matematika merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran wajib yang ada di sekolah. Kebanyakan siswa menganggap pelajaran matematika merupakan pelajaran yang sulit. Hal ini karena matematika merupakan pelajaran yang abstrak. Namun dibalik kesulitanya, mempelajari matematika mempunyai banyak manfaat. Salah satunya adalah membangun koneksi matematis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal persamaan trigonometri, kesahalan-kesalahan yang sering siswa lakukan, faktor penyebab dan juga cara meningkatkan kemampuan matematis siswa. Metode yang dilakukan merupakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian kelas XI Mipa 2 di salah satu SMA yang ada di Yogyakarta. Adapun teknik pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini berupa teknik tes dan teknik non tes yang berupa wawancara. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah butir soal tes uraian koneksi matematis persamaan trigonometri dan pedoman wawancara. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Adapun hasil dari rata-rata kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa berada di tingkat sedang yaitu dengan presentase sebanyak 55,56% dengan jumlah 20 siswa. Sedangkan siswa dengan kemampuan koneksi matematis tinggi sebanyak 16,67% dan siswa dengan kemampuan matematis rendah sebanyak 27,77%.  Hal ini menunjukkan sebagian besar siswa mampu mengaitkan koneksi matematis siswa antar konsep/prinsip matematika maupun antar topik matematika.

[Mathematics is one of the compulsory subjects in school. Most students consider mathematics a difficult lesson. This is because mathematics is an abstract subject. But behind the difficulties, studying mathematics has many benefits. One way is to build mathematical connections. This study aims to determine students' mathematical connection abilities in solving trigonometry equations, mistakes that students often make, causal factors and also ways to improve students' mathematical abilities. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method with research subjects in class XI Mipa 2 at one of the high schools in Yogyakarta. The data collection techniques in this study were in the form of test techniques and non-test techniques in the form of interviews. The instruments used were test items describing the mathematical connection of trigonometry equations and interview guidelines. Data analysis techniques were carried out by data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the average student mathematical connection ability are at a moderate level, namely with a percentage of 55.56% with a total of 20 students. While students with high mathematical connection abilities were 16.67% and students with low mathematical abilities were 27.77%. This shows that most students are able to relate students' mathematical connections between mathematical concepts/principles and between mathematical topics.]
Pengelompokan Karyawan Berdasarkan Kesalehan Menggunakan Perbandingan Fuzzy C-Means, K-Means, dan Probabilistic Distance Clustering
Authors: Rizal Aldi , Novitasari Dian Candra Rini , Hafiyusholeh Moh.
Published: November 2023

Kesalehan dapat dijadikan tolak ukur untuk menentukan karyawan tersebut baik atau tidaknya. Karyawan yang memiiki kesalehan dapat memengaruhi kinerja dan menjadikan perusahaan memiliki sumber daya manusia yang unggul. Tingkatan kesalehan tersebut dapat dikelompokkan untuk mengetahui label masing-masing data. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengidentifikasi karyawan berdasarkan tingkat kesalehan mereka dengan menggunakan beberapa perbandingan metode clustering. Pengelompokkan atau yang biasa disebut dengan clustering merupakan metode yang dapat dilakukan pada data yang belum memiliki label, perbandingan metode yang digunakan antara lain K-Means, Fuzzy C-Means, dan Probabilisticc Distance Clustering dengan uji evaluasii nilai cluster menggunakann silhouette coefficient. Data sekunder yang digunakan didapatkan dari beberapa bank Pakistan dengan total jumlah data 500 karyawan. Hasil perbandingan menghasilkan nilai terbaik pada nilai silhouette coefficient dengan jumlah nilai k=2 dengan rata-rata masing-masing metode sebesar 0,5134. Dengan mendefinisikan cluster 1 mewakili cluster karyawan yang tidak saleh sementara cluster 2 mewakili cluster karyawan saleh.
Machine Learning-Based Gene Clustering on Brain Cancer Using K-Means and Hierarchical Clustering Methods
Authors: Yilmaz Fatih , Jukic Samed
Published: November 2023

K-means and hierarchical clustering algorithms are employed to cluster genes according to the gene expression to determine the harming level of the genes in brain cancer. The gene expression data with a control group from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were used. The optimal cluster number for each clustering technique was obtained using the elbow method and dendrogram for K-means and hierarchical clustering methods respectively. We identified the ideal number of clusters as three and further classified them into seven groups. We observed that the second cluster contains over half the genes in healthy people and the cluster distribution of a healthy patient and a patient who died six months after being diagnosed with brain cancer is similar. Further analysis indicated that of all the time spent by patients after being diagnosed with brain cancer, group 0 has the highest percentage in one month after the diagnosis, while group -2 has the lowest percentage. Most genes shift their clusters when Kmeans and hierarchical clustering techniques we compared with the genes from the control and disease groups. The result of the measure of dissimilarity between the genes expression patterns indicates that the K-means technique outperforms the hierarchical technique with a higher rate of change in the cluster.
Teacher’s Constraints and Challenges in Implementing Student Attitude Assessment in Junior High School
Authors: Adawiah Rabiatul
Published: November 2023

This study aims to determine the implementation and constraints of teachers in assessing students’ attitudes at school. This study adopted a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. This research involved 29 informants, consisting of 23 teachers, three school principals, and three supervisors in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Data were obtained by using interviews, observation, and documentation. The indicators in this study include the implementation of attitude assessment, the instruments used in assessing attitudes, teacher constraints in assessing attitudes, and follow-up attitude assessments. The supervision process by the school principal and school supervisor has been carried out routinely and continuously. However, the teacher was left to make a sober assessment. The assessment is still being carried out to the extent of filling out the report. This result demonstrated several weaknesses in the quality assurance system for assessing student attitudes.
The Amulets from the Carthaginian tophet
Authors: Degryse Patrick , Dove Grace , Blomme Annelore , Beaujean Bas , Eremin Katherine , Greene Joseph A.
Published: November 2023

Amulets found in burial urns of the Carthaginian tophet are discussed in terms of frequency of occurrence, and the nature and chronology of their material composition. Amulets were added in only 31 % of the urns studied, exclusively to urns containing human remains, with glass, faience, gold and silver the most common materials used. Chemical analysis of a selection of glass and silver amulets identified the primary origin of raw materials used in their manufacture. The primary glass used for the tophet amulets has its origin in the Levant and/or Egypt, from at least two different production centers in those regions. This does not exclude the likely existence of local secondary workshops where primary glass was colored and shaped. The silver in the amulets shows a diachronic shift in raw materials usage, from western Mediterranean sources in the eighth and seventh centuries BCE to eastern Mediterranean sources (possibly combined with Iberian sources) in the sixth and fifth centuries. Some objects could be positively linked to sources in Laurion/Kea and Siphnos, while others may have derived from the mixing of ores or the recycling of older materials.
Failed Coup: The Assassination of Sennacherib and Esarhaddon’s Struggle for the Throne, 681–680 B.C.
Authors: Jones Christopher W.
Published: November 2023

Forty-three years after the publication of Simo Parpola’s article “The Murderer of Sennacherib,” the events of his assassination in 681 BC and Esarhaddon’s accession to the throne continue to provoke debate. More than a simple act of murder, the assassination of Sennacherib should be understood as an attemptedcoup d’ état, a strategically planned attempt to use force to bring about a change in political leadership. Combining a new examination of the many sources associated with this event with fresh theoretical perspectives derived from the study of moderncoups d’état, this article refutes recent suggestions that Esarhaddon played a role in the murder of his father. It argues that Sennacherib did in fact disinherit Urad-Mullissu in favor of Esarhaddon, that Urad-Mullissu successfully recruited professional chariot units based in Nineveh to participate in his conspiracy, and that Esarhaddon was likely based in the city of Dur-Katlimmu at the time of his father’s assassination. Esarhaddon avoided assassination and prevailed in the conflict which followed by leveraging his status as the designated heir to create the perception that his candidacy for the throne was endorsed by the gods and therefore his victory was inevitable. Nevertheless, the assassination and the brief civil war that followed cast a pall over Esarhaddon’s reign, shaping his own succession arrangements as well as the atmosphere of paranoia which marked his final years.
Diagnostic value of urinary Tamm-Horsfall protein and 24 h urine osmolality for recurrent calcium oxalate stones of the upper urinary tract: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Fang Daocheng , Hu Yuanyuan , Wang Chao , Tang Chunhua
Published: November 2023

We aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of urinary Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) and 24 h urine osmolality for recurrent calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones. Clinical data of 120 patients with upper urinary tract stones admitted to our hospital between January 2020 and January 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into recurrence (53 patients) and non-recurrence (67 patients) groups based on postoperative stone recurrence. Meanwhile, 50 healthy patients were selected as the control group. Urinary THP levels, 24 h urine osmolality, and biochemical indices were compared between the three groups; their diagnostic values for stone recurrence were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Urinary THP, 24 h urine osmolality, and biochemical indices were significantly higher in the recurrence group than in the non-recurrence and control groups (P < 0.05). The 24 h urine osmolality was positively correlated with urinary oxalic acid and calcium excretion. ROC curve analysis showed that optimal cutoff values of urinary THP and 24 h urine osmolality for the diagnosis of stone development were ≥27.01 mg/L and ≥577.69 mOsm/(kg H2O), respectively. Furthermore, these indices combined significantly improved the accuracy of diagnosis. Urinary THP and 24 h urine osmolality were higher in patients with recurrent CaOx stones. Detection of both parameters combined can accurately diagnose stone recurrence.
Fakturen eines Faszinosums: ‚Italien‘ als multimedialer Assoziationsgegenstand
Authors: Krahn Carolin
Published: November 2023

From the postwar period onwards, media pluralisation, mass tourism and internationalisation have not only led to an increase in the marketing of Italy as a historical place of longing, but they also enhanced the auditory and visual construction of ‚Italy‘ as an object with numerous associations in everyday culture. This essay offers some preliminary thoughts on a series of case-studies that examine the multimedia imagining of ‚Italy‘ from the mid-20th century. The aim is to better understand the construction of the powerful myth of Italy in modernity, as well as the frequently associated phenomenon of internationally disseminated clichés with national connotations.
Ikonen und Klischees
Authors: Liebermann Marita
Published: November 2023

Astonishingly, the trio ‚action film – Italy – tourism‘ has to date received little attention from the perspective of cultural studies and semiotics. The aim of this article is thus to show that communication strategies have made tourist travel a complex phenomenon of contemporary everyday culture from a semiotics perspective: conceptually, theoretically, and through a cursory examination of select examples from film. By doing so, it outlines the ways in which the combination of tourism and action films contributes to common clichés about Italy.
Frieden um jeden Preis?
Authors: Pongratz Stephan
Published: November 2023

The Peace of Venice (1177), which ended the nearly twenty-year-long schism between Pope Alexander III and his opponents supported by Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, has long been the subject of controversy among scholars, who focused initially on the concrete provisions of the treaty and more recently on the symbolic acts that affirmed it. This paper uses Alexandrian sources to concentrate on peace itself as the pope’s most important political goal: the biography of Alexander written by his cardinal Boso, the frescoes in the Lateran Palace painted after the victory, and other statements made by the pope himself and his supporters reveal his primary goal to be the restoration of unity and peace. This thinking may have been rooted in the Christian ethic of peace as well as in the enduring ideal of cooperation between pope and emperor. It offers an explanation for the pope’s willingness to compromise in Venice, often viewed with astonishment today, expressed through the choice of location, the staging, as well as personnel and material decisions. Alexander did not aim to supercede the emperor, nor to achieve victory on specific issues in detail; instead, his goal throughout the schism seems to have been a return to peace and cooperation.
Beyond Protest
Authors: Régibeau Julien
Published: November 2023

The systematic protests by the nuncio Fabio Chigi against the peace treaties negotiated during the Congress of Westphalia (1643–1649) have long been interpreted as a papal diplomatic failure, at a time when the ideal of Christianity was definitively giving way to a Europe made up of states. This paper seeks to move away from this categorical interpretation of the phenomenon. By studying the correspondence of the nuncios stationed in Madrid, Paris, Brussels and Vienna, the aim is to analyse how the peace of Westphalia was received, and determine whether this reception differs from the protest politics pursued by Fabio Chigi in Münster. It emerges that the nunciatures had varied reactions to the negotiations and the treaties, within fragmented contexts where the peace in Germany was just one of many current events, which were dominated by ongoing conflicts. The primary characteristic of these reactions is that they result from the local activities of each nuncio. By focusing on the variety of reactions, this study offers a polycentric and interconnected understanding of papal diplomacy at the time of the Congress of Westphalia. It aims to provide a better comprehension of the ‚agency‘ of the apostolic nuncios in redefining the diplomatic culture of the Holy See, through their differing receptions, practices and uses of the notion of peace.