bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When Control Exacerbates Distress: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Experiences of Hong Kong Chinese Parents in Caring for a Child with Asthma
Authors: Chong Yuen-yu , Leung Doris , Mak Yim-wah
Published: May 2018

Many parents have difficulty managing childhood asthma. In Hong Kong (HK), while medication is the primary form of treatment, traditional Chinese medicine is another favored option. In addition, HK follows a dual-track healthcare system, which may pose unique experiences for Chinese parents in childhood asthma management. This qualitative descriptive study aimed to explore the experiences of HK Chinese parents in caring for their children with asthma. Methods: Fourteen HK Chinese mothers of children (aged 3-10) suffering from asthma were purposively sampled to participate in individual, semi-structured interviews. A realist approach following conventional content analysis was used to interpret the interviews. Results: The mothers expressed feelings of uncertainty, fear of asthma crises, and searching for ways to cope. These feelings triggered various strategies to control their child’s asthma. As long as the child’s asthma symptoms recurred, the mothers’ distress continued. Their distress was sometimes exacerbated by self-doubt and worries about whether they would receive adequate support from their family and healthcare professionals. Conclusion: Helping parents to understand their limits may help them be more open to varied aspects of their caregiving experiences, and thus to cope better. Psychological interventions together traditional educational training may help to alleviate parents’ psychological difficulties.
The Study of Herbicide Kinds and Tillage Methods on the Growth and Yield of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L)
Authors: Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: May 2018

The objective of this research was finding the answer to comprehend the influence of herbicide kinds, tillage methods, and interaction between them on the growth and yield of mung bean (Vigna radiata L). The thinking background of this research is that mung bean is not tolerant with weed competition, meanwhile herbicide that can control weed on mung bean crop hasn’t been found yet. Sometimes tillage is need to control weed, too. But the effect of tillage on increasing the yield of mung bean hasn’t been completely recognized.

The research was carried out in Karangasem village, Surakarta, in about 106 meter height sea level water, at Entisol soil. The research was designed with Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) that arranged according to Split Plot Design, that had 2 factors with 12 treatment combinations and every combination was replicated 4 times. The first factor was tillage method as main plot, that had 3 levels as follow: no-tillage method (P0), one time tillage method (P1), and two times tillage method (P2). The second factor was herbicide kind as sub plot, that had 4 levels as follows: control (H0), Isopropylamine Glyphosate herbicide/Roundup (H1), Oxadiazone herbicide/Ronstar 250 EC (H2), and Oxyfluorfen herbicide/Goal 2E (H3). The result was analyzed with Analysis of Variance on 1% and 5% level and then analyzed with Least Square Design (LSD) test if Anova test showed significant result.

From the result of this research, we can concluded that Roundup is able to increase total mature pods and dry seed weight of mung bean, but not significantly affecting all other research variables. Goal and Ronstar can make the plant height and fresh plant biomass of mung bean lower, and not significantly affecting total mature pods, total immature pods, total unfilled pods, dry seed weight, and 100 dry seed weight of mung bean. Meanwhile Ronstar is not significantly affecting. Goal can make the dry plant biomass of mung bean lower. The tillage method treatments and interaction between tillage method and herbicide kind treatments is not significantly affecting all studied variables.
Pengaruh Fermentasi Serbuk Gergaji oleh Trichoderma viridae terhadap Serat
Authors: Lutojo Lutojo
Published: May 2018

Availability of potential sawdust can be used as ruminant feeds. However sawdust have constrictor factor that is its low protein content and high harsh fiber. Biology degradation use solid substrate ferment techniques by Trichoderma viridae can be applied to increase assess lignocelluloses feeds materials. This research is conducted for to know Trichoderma viridae inoculums dose influence and ferment 1 time to sawdust fiber composition. Eighteen sawdust sack used in randomized complete block design of factorial 2x3. First factor consist of 2 old level of ferment (10 and 20 day) and second factor consisting of 3 inoculums dose level (2, 3 dan 4%). Variable observed consist of NDF, ADF, lignin and cellulose.

There are interaction influence from both the factor to degradation of ADF sawdust rate. At all used of inoculums dose, downhill ADF content in line with the increasing of ferment time and improvement of lowest ADF obtained by treatment combination 2%, 4% inoculums and time ferment very significant (P<0.05) to obstetrical degradation of NDF, lignin and cellulose. Inoculums dose excelsior and time ferment hence ever greater also obstetrical degradation of NDF, lignin and cellulose. Highest degradation obtained at time ferment 4,5% inoculums dose and 20 day that is each 10,53%, 20,84% and 28,14%.

This research can be concluded that more and more inoculums dose and time ferment hence degradation of NDF rate, ADF, excelsior lignin and also cellulose.
Karakteristik dan Persoalan Ekonomi Masyarakat Petani dan Nelayan pada Kawasan Pantai di Torosiaje Kabupaten Pohuwatu
Authors: Riptanti Erlyna Wida
Published: May 2018

High poverty level because of coastal area community characteristic include low of social-economic living,minimum access to environment resources, and economic problems. Such as Torosiaje coastal area community in Pohuwato regency, where used as research area of wallacea expedition 2005. For this need investigate characteristic and economic problem that have coastal area community. From investigate knew education level average area low, so influence to business management both agriculture and fishing are not good. Beside low of human resources, economic problem include harvest fail, low of working capital, low of agriculture product price and less of attention from government. It need cooperation among farmers, fisher, government and other stakeholder to increase prosperous of the coastal area community.
Prospek Usaha Tanaman Hias dalam Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Petani dan Wilayah
Authors: Widayanto Budi
Published: May 2018

Agriculture development dilemma always faced to classic problem, namely peasant society developing with limited anatomy. Peasant anatomy, such as many people, low education, limited land and poor, inefficient, limited technology and capital, and low productivity.

On the other side, new alternative commodities which profit oriented like ornamental plant farm. This phenomenon ideal can to be managed and combined to overcoming the classic problem between peasant empowerment and urban region that have limited on economic chance and defend of agricultural country.
Farm internalization can be done base on initiative  building/group or institutional approach through institution which competent in building of peasant in the region. The policy is necessary to get performance of agriculture development (agribusiness) which narrow can be empower peasant and increasing export of agriculture product as a whole.
Ampas Tahu Fermentasi Sebagai Bahan Pakan Ayam Pedaging
Authors: Mahfudz Luthfi D
Published: May 2018

Research about the use of tofu by product as feeds in broiler have been done used 60 broiler, Arbor Acres strain 1 week age which 120,08 ± 15,58 g of body weight. Tofu by product as one of component in feeds, fermented by yeast contain Rhyzopus Oligosporus and R. Oryzae. Feeds compiled with isoprotein and iso energy. In first period, protein content in feeds are 22% and 2.900 kkal/kg of metabolic energy, while in last period protein content are 20% and 3.000 kkal/kg of metabolic energy. Treatment in this research defined as the level of fermented tofu by product in feeds. The treatment are T0, T1, T2 and T3 that containing 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% of fermented tofu by product. Parameter observed are feeds consumption, daily gain, feed coversion ratio, final weight and carcas percentage. Result from this research showed that feed consumption, daily gain, final weight and carcas percentage are increase significantly in line with the increasing of fermented tofu by product level, but carcas percentage was not significant. Meanwhile feed convertion significantly better in feeds contain fermented tofu by product. Conclusion taken from this research are fermented tofu by product increasing feeds quality and promoting growth of broiler.
Analisis Marjin Pemasaran Kedelai di Kabupaten Grobogan
Authors: Utami Bekti Wahyu , Anantanyu Sapja
Published: May 2018

The aims of this study is identify soy marketing Marjin Analisys in sub-province Grobogan and active marketing institute of there, so we can know level of soy marketing margin. Result study shown marketing of soy in sub-province Grobogan entangle four componen, that is (1) farmer as producer; (2) Merchant Compiler; (3) whole Saler and (4) Consumer.
Analisis Kepuasan Pelanggan Terhadap Beras Organik di PT Mas Kabupaten Bantul Provinsi D.I. Yogyakarta
Authors: Widowati Indah
Published: May 2018

The organic rice that of the future rice to used the food safety for consumers. The organic rice to the trend popular. The aim of the research was to study the effect of kind of consumer and their interaction on available preferency customer of the organic rice at the Supermarket MAS, Bantul Region of Yogyakarta. The result showed that the customer satisfaction very delight until poor delight the influence available of the design package, colour, transportation facility, longevity storage, flavour, physically, and agreement pay system of the rice cutomers. Satisfaction of the household customer level the influence of the physically product, design package and the matter service of the rice organic
Ketersediaan Kalium dan Hasil Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merril) pada Tanah Vertisol yang Diberi Mulsa dan Pupuk Kandang
Authors: Sudadi Sudadi , Handayati Y N , Sumani Sumani
Published: May 2018

The aim of the research was to study the effect of kind of mulches, farmyard manure dosages (FYM), and their interaction on available potassium and yield of soybean on Vertisol. The experiment was conducted at green house on July to December 2002. Soil analysis was done at Soil Science Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. It was arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CDR) with two factor and each treatment combination replicated three times. The first factor was kinds of mulch i.e. without mulch, rice straw at 5 ton/ha, and rice hull at 5 ton/ha. The second one was farmyard manure (FYM) dosage, i.e. 0,6 and 12 ton FYM/ha. Data analyzed for F Test and DMRT at 5% significancy and Stepwise Regresion to predict the optimum of soybean yield. The result showed that both kind of mulch and FYM influence available potassium at maximum vegetative phase of soybean, while their interaction significant on available K at harvested  time, seed weight/plant and weight of 100 seeds. Available K increase coinside with FYM dosage. Stepwise Regression Analysis showed that treatment combination for the optimum of available-K at maximum vegetative phase, available-K at harvest time, seed weight/plant, and weight of 100 seeds were rice straw mulch and 2,76 ton FYM/ha, rice straw mulch and 0,035 ton FYM/ha, rice full mulch and 2,57 ton FYM/ha, and rice straw mulch and 1,1017 ton FYM/ha respectively
Pengaruh Substitusi Terigu dengan Tepung Komposit Tapioka dan Glukomanan-Karaginan Terhadap Kadar Serat Kasar dan Sifat Sensori Mie Basah
Authors: Manuhara Godras Jati , Ariviani Setyaningrum , Ishartani Dwi
Published: May 2018

Composite fluor was made from combination of tapiocca and glucomannan-carrageenan in four different composition. The composite fluor for wheat in producing wet noodle. Amylose content of tapiocca provide strong structure of wet noodle, while combination of carrageenan-glucomannan objected to substitute gluten function in building elastic bonding needed in the wet noodle. Increasing of the composite fluor level increased raaw fiber content of wet noodle. Based on sensory analysis, substitution of wheat by the composite fluor decreased intensity of brightness, hardness, unique taste and aroma of wet noodle, but in the other side, retained its elasticity at two level of substitution (18% tapiocca mixed with 2% carrageenan-glucomannan and 19% tapiocca mixed 1% carrageenan-glucomannan).
A Physics-Based Data-Driven Model for History Matching, Prediction, and Characterization of Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Yanbin , He Jincong , Yang Changdong , Xie Jiang , Fitzmorris Robert , Wen Xian-Huan
Published: May 2018

We developed a physics-based data-driven model for history matching, prediction, and characterization of unconventional reservoirs. It uses 1D numerical simulation to approximate 3D problems. The 1D simulation is formulated in a dimensionless space by introducing a new diffusive diagnostic function (DDF). For radial and linear flow, the DDF is shown analytically to be a straight line with a positive or zero slope. Without any assumption of flow regime, the DDF can be obtained in a data-driven manner by means of history matching using the ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (ES-MDA). The history-matched ensemble of DDFs offers diagnostic characteristics and probabilistic predictions for unconventional reservoirs.
Introduction: Walking the Zen-Scape
Authors: Levine Gregory P. A.
Published: May 2018

The Introduction points to the term Zen’s remarkable lexical adaptability and the striking, and sometimes unruly, social, political, and even etheogenic dimensions of Zen’s spread in the modern-contemporary world. It points to recurring categories of Zen art that draw attention (while obscuring others), including “Zen circles,” Zen gardens, and the “Splashed ink” landscapes of the premodern painter Sesshū. It explores efforts undertaken by Japanese lay Zen Buddhists and other Zen authorities to define Zen and categorize Zen practitioners, and it sets out for examination modern notions of “Zen art” and “Zen artists.” The postwar “Zen-scape,” it turns out, could be a rather rough space to venture into, with competing discourses on Zen’s promise or peril for the modern world. The Introduction maps some of these discourses and situates the author among the multiple constituencies drawn to Zen’s diverse modern-contemporary forms.
The Look and Logos of Zen Art
Authors: Levine Gregory P. A.
Published: May 2018

What makes art “Zen” and Zen art “Art”? From where and when does it arise: Southern Song dynasty China (1127-1279), Muromachi period Japan (1333-1573), London in the 1920s, Manhattan or Japan in the 1950s and 1960s? How do we describe Zen art—including heirloom works such as Muqi Fachang’s Six Persimmons or the contemporary artist Murakami Takashi’s Daruma works—and why do we build description around particular religious terms, such as mushin, and seemingly timeless aesthetic qualities such as simplicity, spontaneity, abbreviation, monochromatic, abstraction, nothingness, and so forth? How do terms and sensibilities come to be normalized, and what sorts of Zen art might they exclude or repress, and why? What should we make of Hisamatsu Shin’ichi’s “Seven Characteristics of Zen art”? Why are the arts of Japan so often described as inherently or entirely informed by Zen? Beginning with writings from Zen campaigners and art historians in the 1920s, this chapter follows the lexical journey of Zen and Zen art, aesthetics to the present and suggests the discursive and ideological energies that propelled them toward the status of global “givens.”
The Traffic in Hierarchy
Authors: Keeler Ward
Published: May 2018

Looking at Buddhist monasteries as social institutions, this book integrates a thorough description of one such monastery with a wide-ranging study of Burmese social relations, both religious and lay, looking particularly at the matter of gender. Hierarchical assumptions inform all such relations, and higher status implies a person’s greater autonomy. A monk is particularly idealized because he exemplifies the Buddhist ideal of “detachment” and so autonomy. A male head of household represents another masculine ideal, if a somewhat less prestigious one. He enjoys greater autonomy than other members of the household yet remains entangled in the world. Women and trans women are thought to be more invested in attachment than autonomy and are expected to subordinate themselves to men and monks as a result. But everyone must concern themselves with the matter of relative status in all of their interactions. This makes face-to-face encounter fraught. Several chapters detail the ways that individuals try to stave off the risks that interaction necessarily entails. One stratagem is to subordinate oneself to nodes of power, but this runs counter to efforts to demonstrate one’s autonomy. Another is to foster detachment, most dramatically in the practice of meditation.
Masculinity’s Others
Authors: Keeler Ward
Published: May 2018

Men’s superior status within Burmese society places women, nuns, and trans women in positions of subordinate status. Debate about women’s “relatively high standing” in Burmese society is best resolved by considering the hierarchical understandings that make subordination appropriate rather than oppressive in the views of many Burmese women. Women’s subordination stems from and allows for their greater readiness to forge attachments. Nuns arouse ambivalent reactions because as religious their choosing autonomy makes sense but as women it does not. Trans women are disdained because they give up the greater prestige and autonomy their biological sex makes readily available to them. But they are tolerated because they respect gender categories and behave in accordance with their feminine, thus subordinate, status.
Monastery, Monument, Museum
Authors: Peleggi Maurizio
Published: May 2018

Monastery, Monument, Museum examines cultural sites, artifacts, and institutions of Thailand as both products and vehicles of cultural memory. From rock caves to reliquaries, from cultic images to temple murals, from museums and modern monuments to contemporary artworks, cultural sites and artifacts are considered in relation to the transmission of religious beliefs and political ideologies, as well as manual and intellectual knowledge, throughout thelongue durée of Thailand’s cultural history. Sequenced by and large chronologically along a period of time spanning the eleventh century through to the start of the twenty-first, the eight chapters in this book are grouped into three sections that surface distinct themes and analytical concerns: devotional art in Part I, museology and art history in Part II, and political art in Part III. The chapters can even be read as self-contained essays, each supplied with extensive bibliographic references.By examining the interplay between cultural sites and artifacts, their popular and scholarly appreciation, and the institutional configuration of a cultural legacy, Monastery, Monument, Museum makes a contribution to the literature on memory studies. A second area of scholarship this book engages is the art history of Thailand by shifting focus from the chronological and stylistic analysis of artifacts to their social life—and afterlife. Monastery, Monument, Museum brings together in one volume a millennium of art and cultural history of Thailand. Its novel analysis and thought-provoking re-interpretation of a variety of artifacts and source materials will be of interest to both the specialist and the general reader.
The Place of the Other in Temple Art
Authors: Peleggi Maurizio
Published: May 2018

Chapter 3 examines the “Othering” of Europeans (farang) and Indian/Middle Easterners (khaek) in temple murals and illuminated manuscripts as a reflection of two divergent sources of knowledge: the premodern geography rooted in Indo-Buddhist cosmogony, and the commercial and diplomatic exchanges of the early modern age. The chapter examines several specific depictions of foreigners in pictorial illustrations of the Buddhist cosmology of the Three World and in mural cycles of the Buddha’s legendary previous lives (jatakas).
Rubbing the Past into the Present
Authors: Peleggi Maurizio
Published: May 2018

Chapter 8 looks at public memorials and artworks from the decades of the 1990s and 2000s in a variety of media (painting, photography, installation and video) that challenge social amnesia of Thailand’s recent history of political violence. Though special attention is paid to public monuments and artworks that commemorate the traumatic events of October 1973 and October 1976, the chapter also discusses works addressing the more recent violence of 2010.
Light in the Queen's Garden
Authors: Bonura Sandra E.
Published: May 2018

Light in the Queen’s Garden chronicles the life of Ida Pope, a transformational type of leader in any era, who was handpicked to establish the Kamehameha School for Girls. This institution was established in 1894 by the estate of Princess Pauahi, the last of the royal Kamehameha line, and dedicated to the education of girls of Hawaiian ancestry. When twenty-eight-year-old Ida left Ohio to accept a “temporary” teaching assignment in Honolulu, she couldn’t have imagined it would become a lifelong career of service to Hawaiian women. Nor could she have envisioned she would become closely involved in the greatest political turmoil the Hawaiians had ever experienced. Ida Pope’s firsthand account of the years that brought her pupils into womanhood during the annexation of their kingdom tells an important story about the Hawaiians and a rapidly changing world. As she worked with forces like Queen Liliuokalani and Charles Bishop, Ida in turn became a force shaping society for future generations of Hawaiian women.
Introduction
Authors: Bonura Sandra E.
Published: May 2018

Great historical events often accompany great forces of nature: a hurricane, a tsunami, an avalanche. Traced back to their origins, such natural cataclysms start as a gentle breeze, a single drop of rain, a small pebble falling. They appear harmless, but trigger life-changing events. Similarly, a swath of Hawaiian history can be traced directly to an unassuming woman from Ohio who set into motion a series of events that would ultimately effect social change for Hawaiian women....
Pilikia
Authors: Bonura Sandra E.
Published: May 2018

The transition from traditional Hawaiian to Western culture was a harsh and abrupt one for pupils, and this chapter presents vivid examples of the dramatic clash of cultures. As stressful as the school environment could be for the students, it was at least equally so for the young teachers, who, like their pupils, had to adapt to an environment for which nothing in their home or college experience had prepared them. Trespassing, burglaries, student rebellion, illness, pagan gods, tragedies, violence, and betrayal were constant sources of anxiety for the teachers.
Endings
Authors: Bonura Sandra E.
Published: May 2018

This chapter shows the decline of Kawaiaha‘o Seminary, a representation of the old alliance between the monarchy and missionaries to promote the education of Hawai‘i’s daughters. The school could not survive without the queen’s personal and financial support in the days of the Provisional Government under Sanford Dole. The Hawaiians show their outrage at its impending closure in primary-source documents. Pope is slandered in the newspapers along with the queen, causing a temporary rift in their personal and professional relationship. Pope takes to the newspapers to support the queen.
Defining Korean Folksongs
Authors: Maliangkay Roald
Published: May 2018

This chapter discusses the realm of Korean folksongs, old and new, their regional characteristics, and their terminology. Urbanization, technological change and political initiatives have greatly affected the creation and standardization of genres, and their valorization. While Confucianism and Buddhism were primary factors in the creation of folksongs in the past, it appears as though Christianity is currently the most likely agent of change.
Liberating Work in the Tourist Industry
Authors: McMorran Chris
Published: May 2018

This chapter investigates the idea of labor in the tourist industry as a form of feminist praxis in contemporary Japan. It centers on women working in traditional inns, or ryokan, which are found around the country. Working as maids and servers, they are paid to reproduce gender ideologies that economically devalue women’s work and spatially fix it to domestic space. However, the job can also provide divorced, separated, or single women liberation from the institution of marriage and its associated reliance on a man, in part by providing a daily wage, a uniform, three meals a day, and a dormitory room. Moreover, employees disrupt conservative ideas about a woman’s place in Japan, using conventional femininity as a tool to create spaces for individual freedom and enrichment in the face of gender inequalities that remain throughout Japanese society.
Toward Postcolonial Feminist Subjectivity
Authors: Seo Akwi
Published: May 2018

The issue of “comfort women” urged a self-revision of Japanese women’s movements in the 1990s from “victim” to “assailant,” from monolith to multiplicity, revealing a legacy of colonialism and racism within Japanese feminism. A group of women of Korean origin played a significant role in advancing the redress movement in Japan. Korean Women’s Network on the Comfort Women Issue (JŪgun Ianfu Mondai Uri Yoson Nettowāku) emerged as the first grassroots movement that drew attention to multiple forms of oppression and the specific identity and positioning of Korean women in Japan. Through this movement, Yeoseong Network criticized their marginalization and invisibility in Japanese society as well as the sexism in the ethnic Korean community. Bridging women’s movements in Japan and Korea, it broke ground for transnational feminist solidarity in East Asia. This chapter explores the complexity of liberation for ethnic minority women.
Shifting Affective Linguascapes
Authors: Jo Ji-Yeon O.
Published: May 2018

I explore how Korean as a heritage language influences and is influenced by returnees’ membership status and affective belonging both in diaspora and in South Korea. After tracing the politics and policies that affect the Korean language in diaspora, I incorporate legacy migrants’ narratives about their linguistic experiences in South Korea. Their stories provide an opportunity to illuminate the affective dimension as it relates to the heritage language and challenge us to move beyond proficiency-oriented understandings of language. I scrutinize the affective dimension of language, giving particular attention to the notions of proficiency and authenticity, which often lend certain meaning to and shape migrant relationships with the heritage language during their homing experiences. As I will show, the meaning and value of languages, especially heritage languages, are often interpreted differently by the returnees and by South Korean society.
Prewar Child Immigrants and Their Japanese Identity
Authors: Nishida Mieko
Published: May 2018

Pre-war child immigrants who arrived in Brazil in the 1920s and 1930s grew up as Japanese in the Brazilian countryside, where the Japanese formed various ethnic associations and built Japanese language schools. Counted on for agricultural labor and as caretakers of their younger siblings, prewar child immigrants had little or no Brazilian formal education, but many learned the Japanese language in accordance with their parents’ plan of going home after making a sizable fortune. Young daughters’ sexual honor was defined in relation to family honor, and gender subordination was strengthened for ethnic endogamy. By 1970, prewar child immigrants with fluency in Japanese had come to occupy the important positions in their Japanese Brazilian community in the city and by identifying themselves as quasi-Niseis, they eventually redefined themselves as more Japanese than the Issei and even than the Japanese in Japan.
Niseis and Their Brazilian Identity
Authors: Nishida Mieko
Published: May 2018

The Nisei [second-generation Japanese Brazilians], who were born in the 1930s and 1940s, received Brazilian primary education in the countryside. During the 1950s and 1960s, the Nisei established and participated in their own Nisei clubs in São Paulo City, which were exclusive to Japanese descendants and divided by class, and they practiced ethnic-class endogamy among themselves. With the power of higher education, elite Nisei men quickly moved up on the social ladder. Many college-educated Niseis in this generation tend to position themselves as Brazilians/Westerners over the Japanese and other Asians. Yet, when the time came for their children to choose their marriage partners, some still wanted to keep their families “Japanese,” without having any “Brazilian” in-laws. This is a clear example of one’s multiple identity in conflict. Having distanced themselves from the general Japanese Brazilian population for many years, some of the elite Nisei “returned” to major ethnic Japanese organizations and associations after the turn of the twentieth-first century.
Conclusion
Authors: Nishida Mieko
Published: May 2018

In June 1998 the Japanese immigrants monument was inaugurated in Santos, São Paulo after a decade-long campaign by Japanese Brazilians. Its statue of a young immigrant family (parents and a young boy), divorced from the historical reality, quickly became a political vehicle for state diplomacy, as well as a popular tourist site. Eventually, in 2007, the Japanese government made a public announcement that the design of the statue was adopted for a commemorative 500-yen coin for the centenary in 2008, which was eventually abandoned due to a dispute brought by a Brazilian sculptor who holds its copyright. This episode illustrates that Japanese Brazilians are not completely in control of how their identity is constructed and represented under hegemonic power. The histories of the “Japanese” in Brazil needs ultimately to be re-thought and re-written with closer attention to the multiple, and historically changing, determinations of Japanese Brazilian identity.
People and Change in Indigenous Australia
Authors: Austin-Broos Diane , Merlan Francesca
Published: May 2018

This introduction provides coverage of anthropological theorization of personhood, and Australianist work on personhood. In doing so it identifies major works, their contribution, and changes in the historical conditions shaping personhood and certain major on-going transformations. It provides a concise introduction to each of the following chapters.
Bold Women of the Warlpiri Diaspora Who Went Too Far
Authors: Burke Paul
Published: May 2018

This chapter attempts to move beyond traditionalist notions of the Australian Aboriginal person. It accepts that personhood is porous and likely to change as general social conditions change. It explores this idea through mini-biographies of four Warlpiri matriarchs who have moved to diaspora locations and deliberately placed themselves at some distance from the social norms operating in their remote homeland settlements. Accounts of traditional Aboriginal personhood emphasised the spiritually emplaced and socially embedded person. In contrast, the lives of the four Warlpiri matriarchs demonstrate the extension of social networks beyond kin, pursuit of their own projects and the rejection of some aspects of traditional law that constrained them. The vectors of these changes include Western education, religious conversion and escape from traditional marriage.
The Role of Allocative Power and Its Diminution in the Constitution and Violation of Wiradjuri Personhood
Authors: Macdonald Gaynor
Published: May 2018

This paper explores the role of allocative power in constituting Wiradjuri personhood, in turn enabling practices they refer to as caring and sharing. New South Wales is one of Australia’s most developed states, and Wiradjuri people have undergone immense change since colonization began in the 1820s. What changed, why and how, has only recently become a focus for anthropology, partly in response to recent social stress. Enduring unemployment, reliance on social service benefits, and centralized control of their modest resource base has undermined Wiradjuri ways, introducing unanticipated contradictions. Experienced by some as opportunities, for many it became more difficult to address their experienced world and to sustain a known social order. Concerns voiced by Wiradjuri people often targeted other community members rather than changes they had little control over. A key to understanding both the concerns and why these were personalized lies in the way the allocative power essential to the expression of caring and sharing had been challenged by state programs ostensibly designed to achieve social justice and development. To explore the impact of changes introduced from the 1970s, I integrate an historical with a social analysis, drawing on my observations of Wiradjuri interactions over more than 30 years.
Introduction
Authors: Hoefle Arnhilt Johanna
Published: May 2018

The 130th anniversary of Stefan Zweig’s birthday in 2011 triggered the latest “rediscovery” of the Austrian writer in Europe and North America, manifesting itself in various new editions and translations, exhibitions, graphic novels, radio plays, and movies inspired by his life and work, such as Wes Anderson’s The Grand Budapest Hotel or Maria Schrader’s Vor der Morgenröte. At the same heated debates about the writer’s literary merit flared up again. This introduction provides an overview of the international reception history of Zweig, whose works have been translated into more than sixty languages since the 1920s, while causing relentless aversion and controversy among scholars and critics. This chapter also explains why the Chinese reception with its wealth of unexplored material spanning almost the whole twentieth century serves as the ideal case study not only to re-read Zweig’s work but also to rethink our understanding of cross-cultural literary connections as complex “global systems of cultural transfer.”
Zweig and the Chinese Love-Letter Fever
Authors: Hoefle Arnhilt Johanna
Published: May 2018

In the 1920s and 1930s China was swept by a “love-letter fever,” a craze for real and fictional romantic letters (qingshu). One of this trend’s most important representatives was the notoriously frivolous writer Zhang Yiping (1902-1946). This chapter places Zhang’s retranslation of Stefan Zweig’s Letter from an Unknown Woman of 1933 against the background of the young Chinese Republic’s ongoing struggles for modernity, when a multitude of theories on literature and its social functions were competing with each other. It also shows how Zhang used the prestige of a European writer in his feud with Lu Xun (1881-1936), one of China’s most influential writers. Taking the Chinese discourses as a starting point, a close reading of Letter from an Unknown Woman concludes the chapter. Beyond the framework of epistolary fiction and the love-letter genre the work reveals complex narrative strategies and literary dimensions which significantly complicate existing interpretations of Zweig’s most famous novella.
The Ideal Woman?
Authors: Hoefle Arnhilt Johanna
Published: May 2018

Zweig’s female protagonists have become famous in China as the “Zweig-style female figures” (Ciweige shi de nüxing xingxiang). Chapter Five asks what role the portrayal of femininity has played in Zweig’s poetics and their reception in post-Mao China. Employing a longstanding rhetoric that correlates the status of society and the status of women, Chinese critics argued that the depiction of suffering, emotional, and self-sacrificing female figures was the most powerful tool in Zweig’s critique of bourgeois society. Similar to female Chinese writers of the 1980s, such as Zhang Jie, feminist intellectuals thus started to return to a seemingly anachronistic concept of femininity. In this way, however, they were able to express their rejection of the Maoist gender policy and its promotion of gender sameness, thus also supporting a new regime that was eager to distance itself from its Maoist past. A discussion of how Zweig’s “women novellas” also crossed the Taiwan Strait and served the leadership under Deng Xiaoping in its new “peaceful” strategy to promote reunification concludes the chapter.
Evaluating grass–legume forage mixtures across different environments
Authors: Tracy Benjamin F. , Albrecht Ken , Flores Joao , Hall Marvin , Islam Anowarul , Jones Gordon , Lamp William , MacAdam Jennifer W. , Skinner Howard , Teutsch Chris
Published: May 2018

This article summarizes results from a field experiment was across six study sites in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Utah, Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The main objective of this study was to evaluate alfalfa and tall fescue mixtures across a wide range of environments to assess mixture productivity, weed suppression, and fertilizer nitrogen replacement value (FNRV) of alfalfa. Earn 1 CEU in Crop Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/551.
WATER management strategies under water‐limited conditions
Authors: Ehmke Tanner
Published: May 2018

Drought conditions and growing competition for water with cities are putting pressure on growers who depend on irrigation for crop production to adapt their water management strategies. This article discusses crop rotations, residue management, and water management tools that can help. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Soil & Water Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/582.
Carbon: the next frontier in fertilization?
Authors: Hopkins Bryan G. , Hopkins Tyler J.
Published: May 2018

Carbon is king. Historically, carbon has been referred to as the king of the elements. In recent years, many are claiming its royalty in the fertilizer world. What is the truth about carbon? Earn 0.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/584.
Modeling Soil Crack Volume at the Pedon Scale using Available Soil Data
Authors: Neely Haly L. , Morgan Cristine L.S. , McInnes Kevin J. , Molling Christine C.
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas

Desiccation cracks make runoff and infiltration predictions difficult in expansive soils.

A crack‐volume model based on water content and soil properties was developed.

Crack volume was measured in situ using digital photography of excavated soil layers.

The new model improved crack volume estimates over a model based on layer thickness.

A critical gap in hydrology knowledge is predicting the partition of runoff and infiltration during rainfall events in shrink‐swell soils with desiccation cracks. Knowledge of surface cracking and crack volume is needed, but field measurements of these vertical soil cracks are time and labor intensive, and the results cannot be easily translated to another location. Our approach to predict soil crack volume at the pedon‐scale uses an existing soil shrinkage model, which has been modified to include soil water content and the coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE). To validate the model, measurements of soil layer thickness, water content, and crack volume were made for seven soils with COLE values from 0.01 to 0.17 m m–1. Soil crack volume was estimated by filling cracks with a cement slurry and photographing excavated soil layers at the end of the study. Over two drying and wetting cycles, the relationship between soil layer thickness and water content was linear. The modified crack volume equation, using COLE and water content, was a better fit to cement‐estimated crack volume, r2 from 0.06 to 0.61, than the existing shrinkage model. However, crack volume estimates by both models were six‐times higher than the cement‐estimated crack volume. It is possible the models of crack volume are including all changes to soil porosity from mega‐cracks to mesopores, while direct techniques only measure the larger‐scale cracks. The new, modified crack volume equation is a pedon‐validated equation that advances predictions of cracking extent in landscapes where shrink‐swell potential is variable in space.
A Robust Calibration Method for Continental‐Scale Soil Water Content Measurements
Authors: Roberti Joshua A. , Ayres Edward , Loescher Henry W. , Tang Jianwu , Starr Gregory , Durden David J. , Smith Derek E. , de la Reguera Elizabeth , Morkeski Kate , McKlveen Margot , Benstead Heidi , SanClements Michael D. , Lee Robert H. , Gebremedhin Maheteme , Zulueta Rommel C.
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas

We present a semiautomated framework for large‐scale calibration of capacitance soil moisture sensors.

Soil‐specific calibrations are needed for accurate moisture measurements in nearly all soil types.

Transparent, traceable, and complete uncertainty estimates provided for entire approach.

Technological advances have allowed in situ monitoring of soil water content in an automated manner. These advances, along with an increase in large‐scale networks monitoring soil water content, stress the need for a robust calibration framework that ensures that soil water content measurements are accurate and reliable. We have developed an approach to make consistent and comparable soil water content sensor calibrations across a continental‐scale network in a production framework that incorporates a thorough accounting of uncertainties. More than 150 soil blocks of varying characteristics from 33 locations across the United States were used to generate soil‐specific calibration coefficients for a capacitance sensor. We found that the manufacturer's nominal calibration coefficients poorly fit the data for nearly all soil types. This resulted in negative (91% of samples) and positive (5% of samples) biases and a mean root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.123 cm3 cm−3 (1σ) relative to reference standard measurements. We derived soil‐specific coefficients, and when used with the manufacturer's nominal function, the biases were corrected and the mean RMSE dropped to ±0.017 cm3 cm−3 (±1σ). A logistic calibration function further reduced the mean RMSE to ±0.016 cm3 cm−3 (±1σ) and increased the range of soil moistures to which the calibration applied by 18% compared with the manufacturer's function. However, the uncertainty of the reference standard was notable (±0.022 cm3 cm−3), and when propagated in quadrature with RMSE estimates, the combined uncertainty of the calibrated volumetric soil water content values increased to ±0.028 cm3 cm−3 regardless of the calibration function used.
A Reconfiguração do Espaço Urbano e a Apropriação da Cultura como Meio de Acumulação Capitalista: Um Roteiro para Análise
Authors: Drumm Elisabeth Cristina , Silveira Rogério Leandro Lima da , Brandt Grazielle Betina
Published: May 2018

O capitalismo transforma-se por meio de discursos próprios, orientados pelo modo de produção, e, por sua vez, os discursos orientam o estilo de vida da sociedade. Do modo de produção fordista ao flexível, o discurso, nos territórios urbanos, centra-se na perspectiva do empreendedorismo urbano, pautado, especialmente, pela cultura como meio de acumulação e de desenvolvimento. O espaço urbano é constituído por relações e por processos que definem a sua territorialidade, assim como as consequências decorrentes dela, como a gentrificação. Este ensaio tem como objetivo compreender as características e as práticas socioespaciais dos diferentes agentes, a partir da apropriação do patrimônio cultural pelo capitalismo e da formação de um novo discurso. A técnica de investigação é bibliográfica e, como resultado, apresenta-se a possibilidade de discussão de um roteiro de análise a partir dos seguintes referenciais: contexto espaço temporal e histórico (HARVEY, 2005, 2007 e SANTOS, 1982); deslocamento de organizações e o adensamento de redes de interdependências sobre territórios criativos (PECQUEUR, 2009); patrimônio histórico (FLORES, 2006); o mercado mobiliário instalado no território (LEFEBVRE, 2001, HARVEY, 2005, 2012 e BOTELHO 2007); plano de desenvolvimento e o envolvimento da classe dominante (VILLAÇA, 2000); discursos ideológicos e o jogo de palavras (VILLAÇA, 2000); agentes produtores do espaço urbano e territorialidades urbanas (HARVEY, 2012 e CORREA, 1996);  agentes produtores do urbano e as suas estratégias (TRINDADE Jr, 1998 e SELDIN, 2015); gentrificação (MACEDO, 2011).
Participação Virtual na Gestão Pública no Âmbito Municipal: Uma Análise dos Portais Eletrônicos das Capitais Brasileiras
Authors: Tavares Wellington , Cerquinho Kleomara Gomes , Paula Ana Paula Paes de
Published: May 2018

Em face da expansão da democracia participativa no mundo e das demandas sociais por maior acesso às decisões públicas por meio virtual, este estudo se objetiva identificar, apresentar e discutir as formas e possibilidades de participação cidadã na gestão pública, no âmbito municipal, a partir da internet. Para o alcance destes objetivos, busca-se elencar as principais ferramentas e espaços virtuais pelos quais tais participações têm ocorrido nas capitais dos Estados brasileiros. Para tanto, a metodologia do estudo se baseia na análise de documentos virtuais disponíveis nos portais eletrônicos das Prefeituras Municipais pesquisadas. A discussão baseia-se em conceitos relacionados à Democracia Digital e à participação na Gestão Pública, bem como o conceito de e-participation, que aponta as possibilidades de ação política direta dos cidadãos em processos decisórios, geradas pela oportunidade de participação virtual. Ao fim do trabalho, pretende-se analisar as semelhanças e divergências nas formas como as ferramentas e espaços criados pelas prefeituras têm sido disponibilizados, apresentando o nível de desenvolvimento delas e apontando suas necessidades de aprimoramento para a ampliação da participação cidadã direta.
Cidades Criativas e Vila Flores: convergências e semelhanças no modelo de gestão para a inovação social
Authors: Assunção Diego Martins de , Kuhn Junior Norberto , Ashton Mary Sandra Guerra
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar o modelo de gestão de uma associação cultural, iniciativa da entidade Vila Flores, responsável pela ocupação de área urbana do Bairro Floresta no município de Porto Alegre/RS, para mitigar diversos problemas sociais suscitados pela deterioração do cluster fabril local, em termos de oferta de emprego, geração de renda, desenvolvimento socioeconômico e cultural. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso, por meio de coleta de dados através de entrevista em profundidade, com a gestora cultural da associação, numa pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa. Entre os resultados foi possível observar que tanto o formato de organização do coletivo Vila Flores, assim como as ações desenvolvidas aproximam-se em parte dos indicadores de inovação social. Além disso, o coletivo possui um posicionamento social e cultural condizente com as reflexões teóricas acerca das cidades e territórios criativos.