bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multidimensionalidad y validez de la deliberación
Authors: Gómez Julder
Published: June 2020

Muchos problemas deliberativos son multidimensionales: los argumentos a favor y en contra de las soluciones propuestas apelan a valores que pertenecen a distintas dimensiones. Así, por ejemplo, los argumentos a favor de la propuesta de negociar para resolver el problema de un conflicto armado interno pueden apelar a la paz mientras que los argumentos en contra pueden apelar a la justicia. Esto hace posible que los interlocutores acepten las premisas de un argumento sin comprometerse con su conclusión y que lo justifiquen haciendo énfasis en las premisas del argumento contrario – “sí, una negociación reduciría el número de los muertos por violencia política, pero generaría impunidad, así que no debemos negociar”-. Si esta situación fuera insuperable, los argumentos en la deliberación nunca podrían ser válidos, nunca podrían ser tales que la aceptación de las premisas comprometiera a quien las acepta con las conclusiones. En este artículo considero algunas respuestas a este problema: las respuestas de C. Kock, T. Govier, P. Olmos y la respuesta de F. Macagno y D. Walton; señalo algunos problemas que encuentro en estas respuestas e intento resolverlos distinguiendo los casos en que es posible de los casos en los que no es posible superar el problema de la multidimensionalidad en la deliberación.
Movilización social y deliberación. El marco de acción colectiva como conclusión de un diálogo deliberativo
Authors: Mejía Saldarriaga Daniel , Arango María Rocío
Published: June 2020

El propósito de este artículo es explicar la acción colectiva que realizan las organizaciones de movimientos sociales mediante procesos de enmarcado entendidos como el resultado de un diálogo deliberativo. Para lograrlo, el texto se divide en cuatro apartados: en el primero se introduce la teoría del enmarcado de los estudios sobre movimientos sociales. En el segundo se pasa revista sobre distintas explicaciones a propósito de la creación de un marco de acción colectiva; en el tercero se apela a la caracterización de diálogo deliberativo de Walton y Krabbe (2017) y al esquema de razonamiento práctico de Fairclough y Fairclough (2012), para trazar una relación entre el enmarcado de acción colectiva y aquel diálogo. En el último, se concluye que la acción colectiva de los activistas que se involucran en los procesos de enmarcado puede comprenderse como una acción colectiva deliberada.
Juicio reflexionante, sentido común y ejemplaridad. Un estudio del paradigma del Juicio y su recepción en Alessandro Ferrara y Hannah Arendt
Authors: Castro-Hernández Juan Carlos
Published: June 2020

El paradigma del Juicio constituye un modelo de racionalidad que pretende elevarse como alternativa positiva ante los retos coyunturales introducidos por el giro lingüístico de la filosofía en el pensamiento contemporáneo. Frente a la difícil tarea de defender principios universalistas en la cultura actual, este modelo aspira a pronunciarse positivamente sobre cuestiones tales como la de la validez normativa que pueda afectar las relaciones entre acción humana y deliberación. Para alcanzar su objetivo, el paradigma del Juicio patrocina una forma de la normatividad sin principios (validez ejemplar), enraizada en el juicio reflexionante kantiano y en el sensus communis (sentido común) de la tradición retórico-humanista. El objetivo de este artículo es la presentación de dicho modelo de racionalidad dentro de la filosofía kantiana y, por medio de la exploración de sus antecedentes histórico-filosóficos (Gadamer), y gracias a un rodeo por la tradición retórico-humanista (Aristóteles y Vico), se busca soslayar el énfasis estético que la fundamentación de Kant acentuó. Finalmente, se pondera el alcance y pertinencia que posee dicho paradigma en la reapropiación de dos de sus intérpretes en la filosofía contemporánea: Alessandro Ferrara y Hannah Arendt.
Examination of Secondary School Mathematics Teachers' Feedbacks Used in Lesson Processes According to Grade Levels
Authors: KOÇ Elif , MASAL Melek
Published: June 2020

In this study, it was aimed to determine the types of feedback used by middle school mathematics teachers in classroom lesson processes and to determine how feedbacks differ according to grade level. For this purpose, the special case method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. The participants of the research are three mathematics teachers working in the same public school in Kaynarca district of Sakarya province. The data collection tools are the observation form prepared based on the feedback classification of Tunstall and Gipps (1996) translated into Turkish by Köğce (2012) and video recordings in which the lessons observed are recorded. Within the scope of the research, a total of 32 lesson hours, 8 lessons per classroom level, were recorded with a camera in the classes where three mathematics teachers taught. Descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the data. In the study, it was found that the most used type of feedback from the evaluative feedbacks was approval, and the punishment feedbacks were almost never used. It was seen that the most frequently used feedbacks from descriptive feedback form were the development path and the indication of the improvement. As a result of the research, it was observed that the preferences of mathematics teachers to use evaluative feedback in 5th and 6th grades tended towards to use descriptive feedback in 7th and 8th grades.
Didactic Opportunities of Information-Communication Technologies in the Control of Physical Education
Authors: Koryahin Victor , Mykytyuk Zinovy , Blavt Oksana , Dolnikova Liubov , Stadnyk Volodymyr
Published: June 2020

The study objective is to justify and implement information and communication technologies in the test control of the development level of the frequency of movements, as a manifestation of speed qualities in the process of physical education.
Materials and Methods. To solve the research tasks, the study used the methods of comparing and contrasting, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, formalization and technical modeling.
Results. An electronic device for the exercise controlling the movement frequency of the hands to evaluate speed qualities was developed for the research purpose. The device is designed on the basis of capacitive type proximity sensors. The signal received by the sensors is processed in the microcontroller unit during the test and transmitted to the personal computer via the communication interface. On a personal computer, using the developed software, they control the time of completion of the test task.
Conclusions. The developed information and communication technologies based on electronic monitoring device embodies a new approach to addressing the challenge of improving the performance of speed control in physical education by ensuring that objective and reliable test data are obtained promptly.
Влияние заработной платы в европейской части России на миграцию в районах Крайнего Севера
Authors: Гильтман Марина Андреевна , Обухович Наталья Владимировна , Ларионова Наталия Ивановна
Published: June 2020

Цитирование: Гильтман М.А., Обухович Н.В., Ларионова Н.И. (2020) Влияние заработной платы в европейской части России на миграцию в районах Крайнего Севера // Мир России. Т. 29. № 3. С. 28–50. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-3-28-50

В статье анализируются процессы снижения численности населения российского Севера, связанные с оттоком трудовых ресурсов. Основная гипотеза исследования: повышение заработной платы в европейской части России оказывает отрицательное влияние на миграцию в районах Крайнего Севера. Отправной точкой работы послужил анализ процессов убыли населения на территории российской Арктики, смоделирована зависимость миграции от спроса на труд в добывающих районах российского Севера. Спрос на труд формируется крупными добывающими компаниями, что приводит к локализации населения в крупных городах и зависимости северного рынка труда от ресурсного цикла, при этом переход между циклами задает требования к структуре трудовых  и капитальных ресурсов. Социально-экономические процессы в европейской части России также оказывают влияние на территории Крайнего Севера. Для эконометрического моделирования данных процессов субъекты РФ разделены на две группы – европейский и северный регионы. К европейской части было отнесено 53 субъекта РФ, в группу районов Крайнего Севера вошли 12 субъектов РФ.

Источником эмпирических данных послужили агрегированные региональные данные Росстата. Гипотеза исследования проверяется с помощью построения индексов Морана и оценивания пространственных моделей с фиксированными эффектами на панельных данных за 2010–2017 гг. В модели включены переменные, характеризующие экономическое развитие регионов, рынок труда, годы макрошоков, население. Показано, что отток населения из районов Крайнего Севера связан с повышением заработной платы в европейской части России. Также положительно значимы оценки пространственных эффектов для повышения зарплаты на Севере. В то же время миграционные процессы в пределах районов Севера не связаны между собой. В качестве рекомендаций для социально-экономической политики развития Арктической зоны РФ предложено расширение спроса на труд в северных регионах, при этом особое внимание следует уделять привлечению высококвалифицированных кадров и, как следствие, концентрации усилий в сфере увеличения конкурентоспособности северных территорий.
Человек на старом Русском Севере: между свободой воли и структурным принуждением (исторический очерк в терминах экзистенциальной социологии)
Authors: Ильин Владимир Иванович
Published: June 2020

Цитирование: Ильин В.И. (2020) Человек на старом Русском Севере: между свободой воли и структурным принуждением (исторический очерк в терминах экзистенциальной социологии) // Мир России. Т. 29. № 3. С. 6–27. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-3-6-27

Целью данной статьи является анализ мобильности населения старого Русского Севера в  терминах экзистенциальной социологии. Задача решается на основе вторичного анализа исторической литературы и официальной статистики. Ключевой исследовательский вопрос: зачем люди жили и до сих пор живут в неблагоприятных климатических условиях при наличии в стране иных вариантов? Современный ракурс того же вопроса: зачем из  этих мест уезжают люди, чьи предки жили тут веками?

С одной стороны, миграционное поведение индивидов объяснимо конкретно-историческими объективными факторами, не зависящими от них: природными условиями, влияние которых зависит от характера производительных сил в данную эпоху и в данном месте, геополитической ситуацией, внутренней политикой государства, экономическим развитием страны, системой культуры и т.д. В русле этой логики индивид выступает лишь исполнителем навязанной ему воли.

С другой стороны, индивиды обладают определенной свободой воли и выбора цели, а также пути к ней даже в самых узких щелях объективных структур. Интеграция двух типов факторов мобильности происходит через индивидуализацию обстоятельств: в  одних и тех же условиях разные индивиды выбирают различные стратегии поведения, исходя как из своих индивидуальных возможностей, так и из личных устремлений, пропитанных духом эпохи. В итоге мы наблюдаем в каждый исторический период особый набор доминирующих или значимых моделей мобильности. Их важной составной частью являются степень индивидуальной свободы и комплекс мотивов мобильности.В современных условиях мобильность жителей данного региона обусловлена не только динамикой его социально-экономического развития, во многом предопределенной неолиберальными реформами и региональной политикой центра, но и серьезным сдвигом в системе доминирующих ценностных ориентаций, в которых все более заметное место занимают гедонистические ценности общества потребления. Результатом является тренд к сокращению общей численности населения региона и социальному опустыниванию части сельских территорий, и продолжавшаяся веками цивилизационная экспансия сменилась сжатием.
“Einstein Worked his Socks off”. Conceptions of Intelligence in University Teaching Staff
Authors: Matias-Garcia Jose Antonio , Cubero-Perez Rosario
Published: June 2020

There is vast amount of research that links implicit theories of intelligence with several learning-relevant variables in both learners and teachers alike. However, there is a gap in the literature, as there is almost no research done with university teachers.   Furthermore, most scientific research polarizes incremental and fixed views of intelligence in spite of data that show there is heterogeneity in participants’ views.  This study explores the implicit theories of intelligence of university teachers (N = 20), employing a category system for the analysis of semi-structured interviews designed to capture heterogeneity. Participants were asked to express their opinion about several small vignettes regarding intelligence. The number of participants’ explanations related to intelligence and the complexity in their argumentation was considered.  Results show differences in both measures among different fields of knowledge and gender, but not in relation to years of teaching experience. Future implications for research, intervention, and implicit theories measurement are discussed.
S.L. Frank in the St. Petersburg religious and philosophical society
Authors: Ermichyov A.A.
Published: June 2020

The subject of this article is S.L. Frank's participation in the creation and work of the Saint Petersburg Religious and philosophical society and the evolution of his worldview in the confrontation between the cognitive-objectivist rationalist system of consciousness of S.L. Frank and the romantic subjectivism of the «new religious consciousness», represented by D.S. Merezhkovsky, D.V. Filosofov and other ideologists of «neo-Christianity». The source of the opposition is called a different understanding of the absolute and its regulatory role in relation to reality, which was expressed – on the one hand-in the religious individualism of S.L. Frank and on the other hand-in the «religious community» of the ideologists of the «new religious consciousness». The article States that S.L. Frank's reflection on solving these problems in the Religious and philosophical society took place in the atmosphere of theoretical disputes caused by three events in the philosophical and religious and social life of Russia in 1910: discussion of the ideas of pragmatism, polemics about the specifics of philosophy in connection with the appearance of the Russian edition of Logos and the death of Leo Tolstoy. It is emphasized that the participation of S.L. Frank's understanding of these events was reflected in the movement of his thought from idealism to ontology of the «first philosophy», the expression of which was the work «the Subject of knowledge». It is noted that the «frame work» of this movement of S.L. Frank was set by the development of the scientific and philosophical and poetic heritage of I.V. Goethe. The article shows how the ideological evolution of S.L. Frank is fixed in his personal religious life. In conclusion, the author joins the assessment of the role of S.L. Frank in the religious and social movement in Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century, given by N.A. Berdyaev: S.L. Frank brings «clarity, freedom and quiet harmony» to it.
«Easter was born with a man, and will never leave him...». N. Fedorov on the meaning of Easter
Authors: Gacheva A.G.
Published: June 2020

The article presents the experience of revealing N. Fedorov's philosophical system through an appeal to the theme and image of Easter. It is shown that for Fedorov Easter is the Central category of the philosophy of active Christianity and at the same time a symbol of fundamentally new choice of civilization. The connection between Fedorov's anthropology, ontology, and ethics and the Easter dogma is revealed. The lines of Fedorov's criticism of the anti-Paschal consciousness and the anti-Paschal vector of the world that has lost faith in the reality of the Resurrection of Christ are considered. It is emphasized that appealing to the Paschal dogma, according to which Christ rose in the fullness of two natures (divine and human), Fedorov brings the idea of divine-human synergy to the eschatological plan, extending it to the promise of the resurrection of all the dead. The symbolism of the Easter service Fedorov considers as the origin to such concepts as «extra-temple Liturgy» and «extra-temple Easter» It is shown that the category of paschality in Fedorov's philosophy correlates with the literary and philosophical tradition and simultaneously sets an active and projective understanding of Easter, which influenced the development of the resurrection theme in literature and philosophical thought in the last quarter of the XIX–XX centuries (F.М. Dostoevsky, V. Solovyov, S. Bulgakov, V.V. Mayakovsky, A. Platonov, B. Pasternak, et al).
N.F. Fedorov’s term system as an object of reflection in the personal encyclopedia
Authors: Kozlovskaya N.V.
Published: June 2020

The article presents the results of the work on the description of the author's philosophical terminological system by N.F. Fedorov and analyzes the basic types of N.F. Fedorov philosophical terms and focuses on their creation methods. The basic principles of the internal organization of the author's philosophical terminological system are stated, its field character is justified. The ideas of the terminological system are substantiated, the core and the periphery are separately characterized. To identify key terms, methods of contextual analysis, frequency, corpus linguistics are used. To characterize the terms, linguistic methods for studying the following terms are used: componential analysis, combinatorial analysis, definitional analysis, and also a method for constructing paradigms. A general thematic classification of special vocabulary is proposed. The analysis of the methods of term formation is presented, a characteristic of each method is given: semantic term formation and its varieties, syntactic and word-formation methods. The phenomenon of term acquisition is separately analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the phenomenon of intersystem interaction that accompanies semantic term formation. Author’s neologisms are pointed out, ways of their formation and features of functioning are considered. The analysis of textual paradigmatic connections is given (terminological opposition, hyponymy, synonymy), associative-derivative connections of key terms are revealed. In conclusion, the main discursive practice of defining concepts is briefly characterized: definability by the whole text and metaphor. Conclusions about the qualitative and quantitative originality of the analyzed author's philosophical terms and the specifics of the author's term system are made.
PECULIARITIES OF THE MICROFIELD “HOSTILE TROOPS” IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE ASSOCIATIVE-SEMANTIC FIELD “ENEMY” (based on the discourse of the Russian-Ukrainian information war)
Authors: Kyryliuk Olha
Published: June 2020

Introduction. The era of information wars requires a great deal of mastery of the word. A wide range of recipient’s emotions that can be evoked by certain lexemes makes language an essential tool in the fight for people’s consciousness while conducting information campaigns that accompany armed conflicts. Purpose – the study of the structure of the associative-semantic field “hostile troops” based on the discourse of the Russian-Ukrainian information war. Methods. Methods of associative linguistic observation (emotional-expressive and figurative-sensual components of the semantics of the studied lexemes), associative-semantic modeling (associative-semantic fields and microfields formation) are being used. Results. As a result of the analysis, the structure of the associative-semantic microfield of the “hostile troops” has been modeled, within which eight groups (ASG) have been allocated. The main groups are: 1) terminolexemes with a component indicating Russia’s involvement in the Donbas conflict (Russian troops, armed forces of the Russian Federation); 2) names with “Putin”, “putinskyi” components that are synonymous with the concept of “Russia” (Putin’s terrorists); 3) metonymic names that associatively indicate the presence of troops of another state (foreigners, invaders); 4) terms without reference to the Russian trace, which are characteristic of the initial stage of the conflict, when the fact of Russian aggression has not yet been recognized by Ukrainian legislation (militants, separatists), etc. Conclusion. Thus, the terminology used by the Ukrainian society is an important mean of waging an information war, and more specifically, repelling not only the armed aggression, but also the information hostile aggression. The study of such names is especially relevant because it enables to form the linguistic identifiers of the war period and to follow the psycholinguistic reactions of the society to the frontline news.
“ANATOMY OF WAR” IN THE MODERN GERMAN AND UKRAINIAN MASS-MEDIA
Authors: Materynska Olena
Published: June 2020

The paper is devoted to the research of the anthropomorphic representation of war in the German and Ukrainian mass-media by the means of personification and is based upon the theory of conceptual metaphor and contrastive approach. The regular conceptual metaphoric and metonymic models creating “naive anatomy” of war, its physical and psychological profile in the compared languages have been singled out. The empirical dataset includes word combinations and lexemes, contexts extracted from the articles and reports in the German and Ukrainian mass-media as well as from the Mannheim German Reference Corpus COSMAS II (DeReKo-2018-II) covering a five-year period (2014-2019). One of the most widely used anthropomorphic metaphors embracing the body part appellations is the metaphor ‘face of war’ within the main conceptual metaphor ‘war is a human being’. The metaphtonymy is also highlighted as one of the models of the semantic change paths within the personification patterns of ‘war’, including such regular patterns as ‘male / female face of war’, ‘public face of war’ etc. The causative verbs and verbs denoting physical activity reveal the nature of war as a destructive force suppressing the will of human beings and considering them as objects of its influence. To the anthropomorphic patterns within the main one ‘war is a human being’ also belong: ‘war is a parent’, ‘war is a liar’. The regular semantic metaphoric and metonymic patterns are often developed within a logical antinomy of holy war (justified by the ‘big goals’) and its real inevitably devastating consequences. Special attention is paid to the changes in gender representation of war as well as in its strategies demanding new ways of researching its role in the modern mass media. The hybrid, information wars of the last years have obviously changed the language representation of ‘war’. Unexpectedly war appears to be even attractive and repelling at the same time. The representation of war in the modern mass media often causes a certain degree of its banalisation and aestheticization. The main emphasis of the analyzed contexts lies on the evaluative character of the anthropomorphic metaphor allowing manipulation of readers’ perception.
LATIN IN INTERNET MEMES: NEW COMMUNICATIVE FUNCTION
Authors: Mykhailova Оlena
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the research of Internet memes as universally precedential cultural phenomena, to determining Latin special role in the construction and functioning of virtual memes. Latin Internet memes are considered as emotionally colored units of cultural information the first source of which are different elements of the knowledge of Latin that are copied and disseminated among Internet users during communication as a text (inscription, reference) or as a text and an icon part (drawing, photo, table). On the base of new virtual units of communication the functions of memes in Internet communication were determined, in particular: game, representative, communicative, phatic, integrative, affective. Local Latin Internet memes served as the material for the research placed on English sites “Classic Latin Memes”, “Dank Latin Memes”, as well as on Russian site “Latine masculino”. Dead Latin within Internet memes renews its communicative function and gains more popularity in the Internet space thanks to its perception as “prestigious” language of communication. By style the majority of Latin Internet memes are ironically marked and motivating, though demotivating memes are also possible. The goal of motivating memes is “to revive”, modernize archaic Latin and make it more accessible and attractive in order to encourage the focus audience to study it. Internet communication via memes’ mediation represents complex mental processes, when the user has not only to perceive a background picture and decode (translate) Latin text, but also to comprehend cultural connotations and associative links which result in comic effect during memes’ perception. The research of Latin Internet memes in pragmatic, communicative and cognitive aspects is of positive perspective both from synchronic and diachronic points of view, since it presents new opportunities for the study of modern evolutionary processes in the history of ancient language, reveals a mechanism of decoding cultural information, contributes to the development of Internet linguistics.
LINGOCONCEPTUAL STATUS OF SIGNS OF SLAVIC MATERIAL CULTURE
Authors: Okhrimenko Tetyana
Published: June 2020

The article deals with linguocultural and linguosemiotic analysis of verbal signs of Slavic monetary culture. They are embedded in the mental processes of humanity and the semiosphere of the entire culture. The signs of monetary culture are represented by the categories of abstract conceptual, scientific thinking, have a syncretic semiotic status, and at the same time are material carriers of socio-cultural information. In the language they are reflected mainly by the economic and social term “value sign”, ethical and axiological definition of “value sign”, historically conditioned by the metonymy “sign of gold” and the derivative formation “sign of money”. The article demonstrates the linguoconceptual status of money within the conceptual sphere of monetary relations. This conceptual sphere is influenced by the Anglo-American linguistic and mental tradition with features of anthropomorphization and material sacralization. It includes the basic concept of MONEY with contradictory evaluation, the universal ancient concept of WEALTH in correlation with other concepts and linguistic-cultural types that reflect the monetary culture of Slavs: LABOR / JOB , TIME, PROPERTY, POWER, HEALTH, TRADE, SERVICE, BUY VS. SALES, RISK, MARRIAGE, GLORY, HAPPINESS, SUCCESS, FREEDOM / WILL VS. BONDAGE, CRIME, SIN, BRIBERY, DECEPTION, DANGER, with the concepts of modernity PUNCTUALITY, LEADERSHIP, PARTNERSHIP VS. COMPETITION, INVESTMENT, AMERICA, EUROPE, DOLLAR, EURO, also with linguocultural types BUSINESS PEOPLE / BUYER, BUSINESSMAN and in cultural and philosophical opposition to YOURS VS. BORROWED, GOOD VS. EVIL, FATE VS. DISTRESS, TOP VS. BOTTOM, GOD VS. DEVIL, LIFE VS. DEATH.
THE EXTRALINGUISTIC FACTORS ON THE INTRALINGUAL TRANSLATIONS OF ‘PERSON REFERENT ELLIPSIS’ IN CLASSICAL JAPANESE
Authors: Esen Esin
Published: June 2020

This study addressed the differences in ‘person referent’ ellipsis in four different intralingual translations of a classical Japanese text titled The Diary of Lady Murasaki (1008-1010), which date from 1918, 1933, 1954 and 1965 accordingly. This study aimed to reveal the extralinguistical factors that effected the changes seen in the different intralingual translations regarding the ‘person referent’ ellipsis. Firstly it is focused to the factors effected the changes in Japanese. Then the text analysis is applied. The data gathered from text analysis have been construed in the light of extralinguistical factors. The following results are reached: a)1918 translation reflects the influence of language polices such as standard language and unification of written and spoken language, while a close connection reflects with classical language, b)1933 translation is on the border line with previous language policies and militarist language policies, c)1954 translation shows a transition between militarist language policies to American occupation language policies in Japan, d)1965 translation is an example of the Western influence after the American occupation. This investigation not only contributes to translation studies in the context of Japanese and intralingual translations, but also to the studies on Lady Murasaki, her diary, and the studies on classical Japanese literature.
TIME-VARYING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND INTERNATIONAL TOURISM IN TURKEY
Authors: Kırca Mustafa , Özer Mustafa
Published: June 2020

In this paper we examine the causal relations between international tourism demand and total exports and its sub-components (intermediate goods and capital goods) and total imports (intermediate goods and capital goods) in Turkey by using Hacker and Hatemi-J Bootstrap Toda-Yamamoto and Time-Varying Causality tests. The results of the study indicate the causal relations between international tourism demand and exports and imports. The results also indicate that these causal relations between international tourism demand and international trade are not stable. In other words, they have a time-varying nature. Moreover, international tourism demand’s contribution to imports are greater than that of exports. Finally, the international tourism demand is more often affected by components of exports and imports and the signs of are generally positive. Thus, policy makers, sector representatives and market professionals related to both international trade and tourism should take into account of this time-varying nature of causal relations between these variables before implementing policies aiming to promote both.
Psychological, Social and Informational Aspects of Attacks by Minors on Educational Institutions
Authors: Dozortseva E.G. , Oshevsky D.S. , Syrokvashina K.V.
Published: June 2020

The article examines the factors influencing the attacks by minors on educational institutions. The analysis of publications offering explanations and theoretical models of such crimes is performed. The authors present the results of their own qualitative analysis of data from an empirical study of 9 teenagers who attacked schools, and materials of criminal cases. The analysis is performed as part of a comprehensive forensic psychological and psychiatric examination. The data indicate the specific personality structure of adolescents and their existing mental disorders, as well as their special socio-psychological status in the classroom as outcasts and isolated. A compensatory mechanism of identity development is described with a focus on the role model of teenagers who attacked the Columbine school in the United States, and who imitated their actions. The role of the Internet in this process is evaluated. It is concluded that there is a need for a multidimensional analysis of such actions and appropriate preventive work.
Experience of Psychological Support of the Project «Rescue Assistants»
Authors: Lavreshkin N.V. , Podushkina T.G. , Gazaryan A.A.
Published: June 2020

The article describes the experience of the pilot project "rescuers' Assistants“, implemented in June-August 2019 by the state educational institution” My career " with the methodological support of the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education (MSUPE). The project focuses on working with teenagers from 14 to 17 years old, identified as "socially dangerous" and "difficult life situations". Project participants: adolescents who for various reasons have applied for help in the centers for family and childhood support in Moscow. Total number of projects participants - 500. The psychological and socio-pedagogical support was provided by graduates and students of MSUPE; the methodological support of the project was provided by the sector "Center for Evidence-based Social Design" and the faculty of Legal psychology of MSUPE. This article describes the experience of implementation and project analysis. The paper includes the description of psychological mechanisms used for rehabilitation purposes in working with adolescents, statistical data of the survey of adolescent participants, conclusions and recommendations.
Features of Emotional Response to Affectively Colored Pictures of Corruption: Gender and Age Aspect
Authors: Vasileva I.V. , Grigoriev P.E. , Chumanov Y.V.
Published: June 2020

The article describes the gender and age features of the response to affective visual stimuli (a total of 101 photos) associated with corruption. All photos, images are thematically related to such semantic categories as the form of bribe, the process of bribe transfer, the punishment for bribe, social corruption situations occurred in state bodies, internal affairs bodies, the court, educational and medical organizations. Three key parameters of the picture evaluation process are: valence, arousal, and dominance, - similar to the constructive content of parameters of the international database of affective images (International Affective Picture System – IAPS). The sample of 103 participants was stratified by gender and age. As a result of processing the research data, specific features of emotional response in the parameters of valence, arousal, and dominance for representatives of different genders and ages were defined. The large levels of valence, arousal strength, and dominance in men are distinguished from general trends. Although men evaluate corruption situations more favorably, they also perceive them as situations that can be controlled, potentially benefiting from them. In terms of arousal, both men and women show similar trends in a young and mature age. In an old age, men increase their activation of corruption-related situations, while women no longer show interest in them. In terms of valence and arousal, middle-aged men and women are similar in their emotional assessments of situations involving corruption.
Scale of Convicts ' Attitude To Work
Authors: Lenkov S.L. , Rubtsova N.E. , Alexandrov B.V.
Published: June 2020

The article presents the results of the development of a new psychodiagnostic method "Scale of convicts ' attitude to work (SHOT)", which combines the potential of all three: personal questionnaire, projective test, biographical method. The scale allows to get an integral assessment of the convict's attitude to work in a continuum with the poles "constructive – destructive" and includes three subscales (positive experience of work and employment, education and qualifications, perception of work and education as social values), which reflect qualitatively specific aspects of the attitude to work. The psychometric test was conducted on a sample of 195 male convicts, age 19 to 60 years old, with sentences ranging from 8 months to 24 years, who have a first criminal record (27%) and repeat offenders (73%). The criteria and design validity of the method is proved. Internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) for the scale as a whole and its subscale ranges from 0.71 to 0.86, and retest reliability ranges from 0.69 to 0.81. The practicability of applying the method in scientific research and in the practice of psychological and psychological-pedagogical work with convicts is proved.
Levels of neurocognitive response in the situation of organic brain damage of a child as a clinical and psychological problem
Authors: Turovskaya Natalya G.
Published: June 2020

Aim. The article discusses the results of a psychological study of the development of mental functions in children with convulsive paroxysms in the anamnesis. In order to identify common patterns of mental dysontogenesis in children with cerebral organic pathology, the data obtained are compared with the results of other studies.

Methods. As experimental research methods, methods of neuropsychological diagnosis of higher mental functions in children were used (Tsvetkova, 2002), the diagnostic complex Forecast and prevention of learning problems at school (Yasyukova, 2002). Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical analysis software.

Results. The results of the study showed that the early onset of seizures in children is combined with impaired auditory perception, short-term speech memory, visual linear thinking and motor awkwardness. The prolonged presence of convulsive paroxysms in the history of a preschool child is associated with the pathology of the development of kinesthetic praxis, as well as speech functions and forms of thinking associated with speech. A significant number of seizures in the history of the disease has a more destructive and total effect on the brain of the child in comparison with the age of onset and the duration of the disease. The data obtained are similar to the results of psychological studies of children with other cerebral organic pathology. Consequently, pathological cerebral processes and conditions of various nature can lead to similar disorders in the development of mental functions, presumably those that are at the time the pathological factor begins in the sensitive period of development. This allows using the concept of levels of neurocognitive response in a situation of organic damage to the brain of a child.

Conclusion. The picture of the mental development disorder of children with convulsive paroxysms in the anamnesis is mediated by the age of onset, the duration and massiveness of the disease. Children with various diseases of the central nervous system, presumably, have common patterns of mental dysontogenesis.
Perspectives of phenomenological approach in psychiatry: the problem of patient’s understanding
Authors: Kropocheva Natalya V. , Lebedeva Anna A.
Published: June 2020

The problem of understanding of patients in modern psychiatry is discussed. Nowadays patients subjective experience is almost entirely excluded from psychiatric manuals that brings risk of ignoring holistic patients experience. This experience can be shared by psychiatrist only in context of mutual trust. The latter as an approach to communication requires certain theoretical background which differs from the current one in modern psychiatry. The phenomenological approach is seen as promising for evolution of psychiatry because this approach was made in the 20th century to descript pathological and everyday experience. We reveal importance of patients subjective experience to diagnostics and description of mental illnesses according to current literature in the field. We also suggest original research of need for understanding in Russian psychiatry professionals.
Suicidal risk and characteristics of text written by patients with endogenous mental disorders
Authors: Medvedeva Tatiana I. , Enikolopov Sergey N. , Vorontsova Oksana Yu.
Published: June 2020

Aim. Identification of the relationship between suicidal risk and features of the text written by patients with endogenous mental diseases.
Methods. The study involved 58 people-patients with endogenous mental diseases who were being treated at the MHRC clinic. All patients were asked to write an essay on the topic I, others, the world. To analyze the semantic and syntactic structure of utterances, the method of relational-situational analysis and the method of frequency lexical analysis using the PLATIn analyzer were used. All patients completed the following methods: (1) SCL-90-R symptomatic questionnaire (Symptom Check List-90-Revised); (2) the Iowa game problem the expectation-result model of Expectancy-valence is used, which introduces parameters for probabilistic modeling of decision-making: attention to win-loss, learning-forgetting, impulsivitydeterminism; (3) The Barratt impulsivity scale [10]; (4) the five-factor personality questionnaire, the BassPerry questionnaire.
Results. The results of the Spearman correlation analysis showed statistically significant correlations between the severity of suicide risk (from the SCL-90 questionnaire) and the parameters of texts obtained using computer analysis, with the parameters of the Expectation-valence model of the Iowa game problem, the Barratt impulsivity scale, the BassPerry questionnaire, and emotionality in the five-factor personality questionnaire.
Conclusions. There were found the features of the text that are associated with increased suicide risk: increased use of past tense verbs in texts; higher productivity increase in the number of sentences and words in the text while reducing the length of the words and decrease of the number of infinitives; the increase in the coefficient of Trager; reduced vocabulary positive rational assessment and mental activities; increase vocabulary of asthenic negative emotions. The analysis of the relationship between suicidal risk and personal characteristics revealed characteristics similar to those shown in the texts: a high level of hostility, increased emotionality, increased impulsivity and a pronounced momentary effect.
The meanings of self-harm behavior: internet study results
Authors: Medvedeva Tat’yana I. , Boyko Ol’ga M. , Vorontsova Oksana Yu. , Kazmina Ol’ga Yu. , Enikolopov Sergej N.
Published: June 2020

Self-harming is one of the most acute problems that mental health professionals face in their work. This explains the relevance of developing the most effective ways to work with it.
The aim of the work is a study of subjective meaning of self-harm behavior in the sample of internet users.
The methods. The materials for the study were the responses of 156 people above 18 years of age received during an online survey. The methods were the questions about subjective meaning of self-harm behavior. The data were processed by the method of calculation of a percentage each of meaning of self-harm behavior in the total sample.
The results show heterogeneity of meaning of self-harm behavior. 8.5% of the responses (meaning an alternative to suicide) demonstrate the actual suicidal risk. 25.4% of the responses (meaning confirmation of reality of myself, stop panic attack, episode of anxiety, hysteric, obsession thoughts, filling inner emptiness) show to psychopathological symptoms among respondents. 61.5% of the responses (meanings relief of emotional pain, rest, sedation, stress reduction, cope with aggression, mental strain) demonstrate low tolerance for emotional tension and negative feelings. 5.3% of the responses (meanings revenge, raise awareness to themselves) could be explained by poverty of the communicative skills. Etiology of some meanings is a need to be examined in each specific case
The findings indicate an importance of studying the subjective meaning of self-harm behavior. Its allow us to highlight several areas of work. (1) Psychiatric treatment of psychopathological symptoms. (2) Prevention of suicidal risk. (3) Training in emotional self-regulation skills. (4) Depending on the meaning of self-harm behavior, optimal psychotherapeutic approaches will vary.
Physicians who use substances: what does it look like and what to do about it?
Authors: Sivolap Yury P. , Savchenkov Vladimir A. , Yanushkevich Maksim V. , Pushin Pavel V.
Published: June 2020

Substance use disorders in physicians is a serious problem of the medical community and public health. The prevalence of substance use disorders depends on gender, age and medical specialty. The substance abuse impairs physical and mental health of physicians and affects the quality of patient care. Treatment of chemically addicted physicians involves the use of conventional therapeutic approaches adopted in addiction medicine, but requires compliance with certain special principles.
Psychopharmacotherapy of healthy people and the off-label problem in modern psychiatry
Authors: Mendelevich Vladimir D. , Pyrkova Кseniya V.
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes the problem of widespread misuse of therapy for mental disorders. The role of paradigmatic changes in psychiatric classifications and the introduction of a spectral approach in the formation of new psychopharmacotherapeutic strategies is evaluated. New concepts are distinguished: psychopharmacotherapy of healthy people, diagnostic and therapeutic relativism. It is argued that the emergence in the psychiatric field of the topic psychopharmacotherapy of healthy people is more likely to be a natural than an accidental phenomenon. It is concluded that innovations are initiated by both patients and psychiatrists. It is assumed that the appointment of mentally healthy psychotropic drugs for their desired use is possible in the presence of public and medical consensus. For the expert community, this issue poses new legal and deontological challenges. If consensus is reached, clear criteria should have been developed what groups of psychopharmacothrapy can be used off-label and under what specific prenosological mental conditions. It is argued that psychiatry should follow the requests of clients, and not against innovations dictated by a change in human psychology.
Body image and coping behavior in adolescents with self-damaging behavior (clinical cases)
Authors: Makarova Oksana S. , Pyrkova Ksenia V. , Krasilnikova Anna M. , Nasibullina Ramilya R.
Published: June 2020

Two clinical cases of adolescents with self-harming behavior in the framework of personal and affective disorders are presented.
How and why psychoanalysts become storytellers
Authors: Zislin Yosef M.
Published: June 2020

In this paper, I wish to look at the approach of psychoanalysts to folklore texts. The evaluation of psychoanalytic interpretations of two Russian fairy tales shows that psychoanalysts, not knowing the methods of anthropology and folklore, freely and mistakenly construed the text material. Such a free interpretation is based on the confidence of analysts that the psychoanalytic method itself can provide a correct key to understanding any text. According to our opinion, such erroneous interpretations lead to the discrediting of psychoanalysis and may ultimately lead to fatal errors in psychotherapy.
Nutritional Supplements in the Prevention of Age-Related Retinal Pathology
Authors: Durzhinskaya M. H. , Budzinskaya M. V.
Published: June 2020

Oxidative stress due to the imbalance in the production and detoxification of reactive oxygen species in antioxidant defence system of the body, as well as subsequent chronic inflammation, is believed to be associated with age-related eye diseases. Prevention of chronic degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and primary open-angle glaucoma are of particular interest. In the last decade, tremendous success has been achieved in the treatment of age-related retinal pathology. However, these treatments are expensive and require frequent monitoring and, in some cases, injections, which place a huge burden on both the healthcare system and patients. Consequently, considerable interest remains in preventing or slowing the progression of these diseases. Epidemiological studies have shown that diet is a modifiable risk factor for AMD, and nutritional modification with food antioxidant supplements is a particularly attractive method of prevention because of its potential benefits and relatively low cost. A large number of experimental studies, including clinical studies in animals and humans, have provided supporting evidence that antioxidant food additives inhibit the oxidation of macromolecules, as well as an inflammatory response that occurs in the pathogenesis of involutional retinal pathology, which ultimately inhibits its development and progression. This review discusses the role of antioxidant dietary supplements in the prevention of age-related retinal pathology.