bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Reduced Graphene Oxide/Magnetic Metal Composites and Its Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties
Authors: Yang Fuli , Hou Xingzhe , Wang Lirui , Li Youjiang , Yu Miao
Published: February 2020

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was successfully prepared by reducing graphene oxide (GO) by zinc powder in this paper. Then the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was combined with Fe and Ni nanoparticles to form RGO/Fe and RGO/Ni composite absorbing materials. The morphology, chemical composition, magnetic properties and electromagnetic parameters of RGO/Fe and RGO/Ni were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and vector network analysis (VNA) to study absorbing mechanism of the as-prepared RGO/magnetic-metal composites, including the effect of magnetic particles Fe and Ni on the absorbing properties. The results showed that in the frequency range of 2-18 GHz, the effective absorption band of RGO/Fe was wider than that of RGO/Ni, with larger reflection loss.
Preparation of Rich Hydrocarbon Fuels by Cornus Wisoniana Crude Oil Catalytic Coupling
Authors: Lai Pengying , Li Jilie , Xiao Zhihong , Miu Yifu , Zhang Aihua
Published: February 2020

Cornus wisonian is a woody energy plant unique to the southern region, the fruit oil can be used as the important raw materials in catalytic cracking. This experiment studied the catalytic cracking decarboxylation reaction of Cornus wisoniana oil. Through experiments, CaO / KF made by ourselves was proved to have good catalytic effect, gas production rate is lower than 12.0%, the by-product of the bottom of the kettle residue is controled under 5.0%, the yield of liquid fuel oil products is at 83.0% or more. Because of high acid value, pyrolysis oil can’t be directly burned. In this study, p-toluenesulfonic acid was used as a catalyst for alcohol esterification. Under the Optimization condition, acid value is lower than 1.0 mg KOH/g. Then alcohol esterification was used to reducing acid of cracking bio-fuel products and p-Methylbenzene sulfonic acid as catalyst. After reducing the acid, this kind of fuel is closer than traditional fossil fuels, able to alternative to diesel, and to achieve energy conservation.
An Investigation of Hydraulic-Fracturing Applied to Marine Gas Hydrate Reservoirs
Authors: Liu Yanchang , Sun Minggang , Wang Gongtao , Wang Qing , Zhao Lian
Published: February 2020

Engineers have been struggling to harvest natural gas from the marine hydrates through drilling wells in the past two decades. The harvesting process has not been successful due to engineering problems such as wellbore collapse and sand production. This study proposes to use frac-packing method to address the wellbore collapse and sand production issues to break through the bottleneck of commercial production of natural gas from marine gas hydrates. An analytical model was developed to describe sequential initiation and simultaneous propagation of multiple vertical fractures in horizontal wells for frac-packing gas hydrate reservoirs. Result of sensitivity analyses with the models indicates that to frac-pack horizontal gas hydrate wells for solid-production control, increasing injection rate and flow behavior index of fracturing fluid will create more friction and thus more resistance to flow in large fractures, promoting the creation of more short fractures, and thus larger treated reservoir volume for higher gas production rate and gas recovery.
Study on the optimization of timing for horizontal well re-fracturing in tight oil reservoir -- A case study of Baikouquan Formation in North Mahu Oilfield, Junggar Basin, Western China
Authors: Sidike Alimujiang , Bin Xie , Bin Zeng , Guodong Wu , Zhaozhong Yang , Jianlin Chen , Jigang Meng , Bo Huang , Xiaogang Li
Published: February 2020

There are abundant tight oil resources in China, and “horizontal well + volume fracturing” technology is the one of the main means to develop such reservoirs. The production of tight oil reservoir declines generally rapidly after the initial fracturing, therefore it is necessary to be conducted re-fracturing operation to restore the oil productivity. The determination of the best time of re-fracturing is an important factor to ensure the re-fracturing effect. In this paper, a mathematical model of oil-water phase seepage was established by applying the principle of finite difference method (FDM). A unified grid system was adopted for the division of the matrix and fractures, and the equations were solved by the IMPES method. The reliability of the proposed seepage model gets verified by the historical matching based on the field production data. The oil production after re-fracturing at different moments of time after initial fracturing was predicted. The simulations show that more cumulative oil production can be obtained if re-fracturing is implemented after the fourth year of initial fracturing. During the period after the 4th year of the initial fracturing, the earlier the re-fracturing is implemented, the more the cumulative oil production will be harvested. Considering the cost of re-fracturing operation, the economic benefits of re-fracturing after the sixth year of initial fracturing were evaluated. The results show that the cost can be recovered about one year after the re-fracturing, the net present value (NPV) after four years of re-fracturing reaches 69.95 million yuan, with an output-input ratio of 5.3.
Impact analysis and risk assessment of supply and demand bilateral randomness on power system
Authors: Liu Dunnan , Li Hua , Rui Ge , Xu Xiaofeng , Wang Nan
Published: February 2020

With the high proportion of new energy access, the randomness of the supply side increases. The electrical power system system is transformed from a unilateral stochastic system on the demand side to a bilateral stochastic system on the supply and demand side. Firstly, this paper studies the potential risks of power system under the randomness of supply and demand sides;Then, according to the principles of integrity, relevance, operability, quantitative and qualitative combination, the evaluation index system of bilateral randomness for the safety and stability risk of power system is constructed. Finally, a risk assessment model is constructed based on the static subjective weights of FAHP and similarity clustering analysis and the dynamic objective weights of the improved CRITIC weighting method.
Preparation of porous iron hydroxy phosphate by phosphate slag and its application for adsorbing heavy metal Pb2+
Authors: Guo Weilin , Li Chenxin , Cao Ying , Song Xianzhen , Wang Lijun , Kong Lingxue
Published: February 2020

Porous iron hydroxy phosphate was prepared by hydrothermal purification, ball milling modification, hydrothermal crystallization and high temperature roasting of phosphating slag, and was used to treat lead-containing wastewater. The adsorbent was characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR and TG, and the effect of the amount of adsorbent and the pH value of the system on the adsorption performance of PIHP was investigated. The results showed that when the amount of PIHP added was 0.5g, the removal rate of pb2+ could reach 91% after 120min. When the amount of PIHP added was 0.2 g and the pH of the system was 2.15, the removal rate of pb2+ after 120min could reach 95%. This research has opened up a new direction for the resource utilization of phosphating slag.
Influence of Carbothermal Reduction Process on the Microscopic Properties of Lime-Free Roasting Chromite Ore Processing Residue (COPR)
Authors: Cheng Geng , Quan Xuejun , Luo Huazheng , Bai Weiyang , Cunfang Lu
Published: February 2020

The lime-free roasting chromite ore processing residue (COPR) was more environmentally friendly than the lime-based COPR. And its components in lime-free COPR should be reused as secondary resource. The process of carbothermal reduction associated with magnetic separation was adopted in this study to reclaim the iron oxide in lime free roasting COPR. The microscopic properties of COPR samples treated by carbonthermal reduction were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), etc. The effects of process parameters on iron recovery rate were studied by single-factor experiments. The results indicated that the carbothermal reduction roasting process was beneficial to the destruction of the iron-rich spinel in the original lime-free roasting COPR and the enrichment of iron metal in lime-free roasting COPR. The optimal conditions were obtained as follows: reduction calcination temperature of 1100 °C, reduction time of 2 hours, coke ration of 3.5 times of theoretical content. The main components of the separated fraction were iron particles and some magnesium aluminum spinel.
Production and characterization of modified biochar by corn cob and its ability to absorb phenol
Authors: Wang Guanghua , Zhang Zheng , Li Wenbing , Du Changjun , Chen Tie
Published: February 2020

The adsorption performance of KOH modified biochar as adsorbent for phenol in aqueous solution was investigated. The effects of initial pH of the solution, initial concentration of phenol, contact time and temperature on the adsorption capacity of phenol were investigated. Adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic analysis were examined. The results showed that the specific surface area of modified biochar was 487.64m2·g−1, the content of C is 72.06 wt.% and the value of H/C is 0.05, the aromatization degree of modified biochar is very high. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of the modified biochar is 217.06 mg·g−1 at 298 K, which is higher than that of biochar. The adsorption process accords with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. Thermodynamic analysis shows that adsorption is spontaneous and exothermic.
Study on Thermal Oxidation and Viscosity Degradation for Synthetic Aviation Lubricant Fluids
Authors: Yi-Wei Fei , Shao-Jun Ruan , Jun Ma , Feng Guo
Published: February 2020

The thermal oxidation and viscosity degradation for poly-α-olefins (PAO) and di-esters (DOS) was studied under the GC/MS investigation. Through the oxidative pyrolysis conditions, these two synthetic base fluids were characterized to get their simulated “areo-engine” conditions’ for thermal stability, such as oxidative and kinematic viscosity variation. The experimental results suggests that the oxidation products generated from oxidation reactions of DOS is mainly single esters, di-esters, ketone, ether, organic acids and alcohol, which results much bigger total acid values than that of PAO treated in similar conditions. The substantial increment of the kinematic viscosity of DOS reveals its limited thermal oxidation stability compared to PAO.
Study on microwave pyrolysis of Mengdong lignite by Fe/Ca@Al2O3 catalyst
Authors: Wang Guanghua , Li Xiaoyuan , Wang Qingdong , Ma Zhiyong , Li Xiaodan
Published: February 2020

Microwave pyrolysis coal has the characteristics of fast heating, short time and high content of active components. In order to further improve the production and relative content of hydrogen(H2) and carbon monoxide(CO) during microwave pyrolysis of lignite, Fe/Ca@Al2O3 catalyst was synthesized by co-precipitation with Al2O3 as the carrier, and the effect of Fe/Ca ratio on the production and content of active components (CO+H2) in pyrolysis gas were studied. With the addition of catalysts, the pyrolysis process was advanced, and the final temperature rise was high. 12Ca/Fe catalyst has the most obvious effect on improving the production of H2 and CO, with an increase rate of 36.6% and 54.8%, respectively.
Low NOX combustion mechanism of coke oven gas with excess air coefficient and flue gas recirculation
Authors: Wang Guanghua , Yan Zihao , Wang Qingdong , Wang Guocheng
Published: February 2020

With the more stringent NOX emission limit from the coking chemical industry, the coking production with only one type of low NOX combustion technologies cannot meet the emission requirement. Thus a new low NOX experimental system was developed with the help of the external flue gas recirculation (FGR) and reasonable excess air coefficient, where the goal is to reduce NOX emission effectively. And an experiment was carried out on the 18 KW coke oven gas (COG) combustion device, and the effects of excess air coefficient, the ratio of flue gas recirculation and air preheating temperature on the combustion characteristics and NOX formation were extensively studied. The results show that there is an important effect of excess air coefficient, ratio of FGR and air preheating temperature on the temperature distribution inside the furnace and the formation of NOX. When the air excess coefficient of 1.2 and an external flue gas recirculation rate of 20% to 25%, the emission of thermal nitrogen oxides can be significantly reduced.
Effect of Fe-modified ZSM-5 catalyst during microwave assisted pyrolysis of Mengdong lignite for the oil production
Authors: Wang Guanghua , Li Xiaodan , Wang Qingdong , Li Wenbing
Published: February 2020

Microwave catalytic pyrolysis of Mengdong lignite by Fe-modified ZSM-5 catalysts was studied. The effects of pyrolysis method and the ZSM-5 molecular sieves loading different amounts of Fe2O3 on the total tar yield were investigated. The results show that the microwave heating technology could effectively improve the yield of lignite pyrolysis tar; In the conventional pyrolysis, the total yield of raw coal pyrolysis oil was 2.19%. When the Fe2O3 loading was 5%, the catalyst had the best effect with the yield of 3.56%, and the increase rate was 62.56%; Under microwave condition, the pyrolysis oil yield of raw coal is 6.43%. When the Fe2O3 loading increased from 0 to 10%, the total yield of tar increased from 7.02% to 9.47%. When the Fe2O3 loading was 10%, the catalyst had the best effect with the increase rate of 62.56%.
Exploration on Spent FCC Catalyst for Decolorization of Vegetable Oil
Authors: Liu Qiang , Li Hui , Zeng Sheng , Liu Lixin , Yin Dulin
Published: February 2020

In the present work, an FCC equilibrium catalyst (E-cat) was used as a decolorizer in decolorization of vegetable oil. E-cat is an excellent and stable decolorizer, which can even be directly applied to the decolorization of vegetable oil after being discharged. The process conditions were investigated and optimized, mainly the bleaching temperature, time, and E-cat amounts. The spectrophotometric method was used to calculate the decolorization rate after detecting the absorbance of vegetable oil. As the bleaching time, temperature and E-cat amounts increase, the effects on the decolorization of rapeseed oil by E-cat were all improved to varying degrees. The best decolorization utility of E-cat was performed at 115°C and an E-cat ratio of 5wt% for 40min, the decolorization rate of the rapeseed oil was 93.3%. Compared with the fresh FCC catalyst with high catalytic activity, the decolorization capability of E-cat was not much reduced. It indicates that the structural characteristics of E-cat are more desirable in the decolorization of vegetable oil, as evidenced by the alkali treatment test.
Efficient adsorption removal of Cd2+ from aqueous solutions by HNO3 modified bamboo-derived biochar
Authors: Tang Wenxiao , Cai Ningning , Xie Hongxia , Liu Yachun , Wang Zhifeng , Liao Youhong , Wei Taotao , Zhang Chao , Fu Zaihui , Yin Dulin
Published: February 2020

In this work porous biochar was prepared from bamboo powder by ZnCl2 chemical activation. The effects of preparation, modification and adsorption conditions on its removal performance of Cd2+ in simulated wastewater were investigated by static adsorption. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of Cd2+ were further studied. The results showed that the good adsorption property was obtained over the biochar prepared under optimized preparation and modification conditions. The biochar reached the highest removal efficiency of 95.53% under optimum adsorption conditions. The adsorption process of Cd2+ was well in accordance with the pseudo-second adsorption kinetics equation, and the equilibrium adsorption capacity was up to 16.62 mg·g−1. The Freundlich isothermal adsorption model better fitted compared with the Langmuir model for this adsorption system and the maximum adsorption capacity was as high as 44.54mg·g−1. After four adsorption-desorption recycling, the adsorption removal percentage decreased a little, indicating that biochar had good regeneration performance. In short, this inexpensive porous biochar has the potential to become a practical adsorbent of cadmium.
Application of gold nanoparticles in photoacoustic imaging
Authors: He Wen , Wang Xiaoxia , Gao Xing , Lu Zaijun , Song Jibing
Published: February 2020

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a noninvasive imaging mode that be rapidly developed in recent years for medical diagnosis and treatment by using contrast agents. Among them, gold nanomaterials (GNPs) offer a suitable platform for PA imaging, owing to their advantageous physical/chemical/biological properties and high-intensity absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region. In this review, we firstly concentrate on the recent development of GNPs and their assemblies for PA imaging. Then, the future development in the research of GNPs as PA imaging contrast agents are discussed.
Halloysite-TiO2-Ag composites: Preparation, characterization and photodegradation
Authors: Du Yuanyuan , Fu Ying , Gao Xing , He Wen , Zheng Pengwu
Published: February 2020

Halloysite (HNTs)-TiO2-Ag composites were fabricated by depositing anatase TiO2 and nano Ag particles on the HNTs surfaces. The composite was characterized with corresponding instrumental analysis methods. Compared with HNTs-TiO2 composites, the HNTs-TiO2-Ag composites exhibited better photocatalytic activity in the decomposition of MB and the persistent organic pollutant 4-nitrophenol(4-NP) under UV irradiation. After 2.5 hours of UV light irradiation, HNTs-TiO2-Ag composites removed about 97.63% and 51% of MB and 4-NP, respectively.
Preparation and properties of polydiacetylene based temperature sensors
Authors: Wang Hui , Yu Jiaxin , Gao Xing , Ding Hailing
Published: February 2020

Polydiacetylene vesicles with different concentrations were prepared, which have a good temperature-induced discoloration effect. As the temperature rises, the appearance colors appear blue-violet, purple, rose-red, watermelon-red and orange-red. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to study the thermochromism process of the corresponding polydiacetylene molecules. As the temperature increased, the maximum absorption peak at 650 nm gradually decreased, the maximum absorption peak at 550 nm gradually increased, consistent with the appearance of color change. In addition, the blue-phase polydiacetylene molecule is not fluorescent, while the orange-red polydiacetylene molecule is fluorescent, and the fluorescence emission peak is at 560 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the temperature-induced discoloration properties of polydiacetylene molecules. The possible reason was that with the increase of temperature, the perturbation of polydiacetylene molecules caused the distortion of the side chain structure, resulting the conformation transition of ene-yne conjugates. As the bone structure changes, the effective conjugation length becomes shorter, which in turn changes the color of the polydiacetylene molecule.
Direct Synthesis of Glycol Ethyl Ethers from Glycol with Modified HZSM-5 as Catalyst
Authors: Li Gangsen , Wen Xing , Wang Junwen , Zhang Yadong
Published: February 2020

Glycol ethyl ethers possess many excellent properties and are widely used in paint industry, chemical industry and so on. In this paper, glycol ethyl ethers were synthesized from glycol with the modified HZSM-5 as catalyst. The modified HZSM-5 was characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, BET and NH3-TPD. The results showed that the modification did not change the structure and morphology of HZSM-5, sulfur was adsorbed on the surface of catalyst and strong acid sites appeared. The influence of ratio of the reactants, reaction temperature, reaction pressure, and time on the yield and selectivity was studied. The optimal reaction condition was performed with the molar ratio of glycol and ethanol 1:4 under 7MPa pressure at 453K for 4 h. Under these conditions, the conversion of glycol was 68.12%, and the selectivity of glycol ethers could be up to 98.61%.
Preparation of polyacrylonitrile based carbon nanofibers by electrospinning with different additives from direct coal liquefaction residue
Authors: Qiao Tongxin , Wang Haoxing , Yang Yingjie , Lu Xiangna , Fan Guixia , Li Peng
Published: February 2020

Direct coal liquefaction residue is of valuable materials for preparation of carbon materials due to its high carbon content and aromatic structures. In this work, extract, extraction residue, and oxidized extraction residue from direct coal liquefaction residue were employed as additives for preparation of polyacrylonitrile based carbon nanofibers by electrospinning, followed by air stabilization and carbonization processes. The results show that the additives were evenly dispersed in the carbon nanofibers, and the diameters of nanofibers were smaller than that pure polyacrylonitrile based carbon nanofibers. After the extraction residue was pretreated with hydrogen peroxide, the morphology of nanofibers became more smooth and uniform.
The role of DNA methyltransferases in smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch
Authors: Ding Jinhua , Zhang Hongmin , Yuan Ying , Huang Liwen , Wang Nan
Published: February 2020

Phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a common pathological process of multiple cardiovascular diseases. DNA methylation plays a key role in atherosclerosis, but its mechanism is not clear. DNA methyltransferases (DNMT3a and DNMT1) could be involved in the development of phenotypic switching process of VSMCs. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to probe the action of DNA methyltransferases on phenotypic switching process of VSMCs. First, Treatment with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) induced human aorta VSMC (HA-VSMC) morphological changes from contractile to synthetic phenotype. EdU staining confirmed that PDGF-BB could induce HA-VSMC proliferation. PDGF-BB remarkably augmented the mRNA and protein level of proliferation marker gene CyclinDl and osteopontin (OPN) in HA-VSMCs. The mRNA and protein level of differentiation marker SM22 and SM-α-actin were obviously upregulated in HA-VSMCs after PDGF-BB treatment. Next, the level of DNMT1 and DNMT3a were examined in PDGF-BB-treated HA-VSMCs by RT-PCR and western blotting. The high level of DNMT1 and DNMT3a was observed in PDGF-BB-induced proliferation model. Therefore, DNMT3a and DNMT1 could be involved in phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells.
Preparation of nanocomposite CNTs/PbO and CNTs/CuO via microemulsion process
Authors: Fu Xiaofen , Ma Yefei , Gao Xing , Zhu Chunli
Published: February 2020

The nanocomposite CNTs/PbO and CNTs/CuO were prepared via W/O microemulsion process. The properties of the microemulsion system for preparing the nanocomposite were studied by drawing ternary phase diagrams of microemulsion. The effects of the ratio of surfactant/cosurfactant, temperature, and salt concentration on the phase region of W/O microemulsion were investigated. A suitable microemulsion system is composed that the ratio of CTAB/cosurfactant was 4:6, the ratio of surfactant/cosurfactant was 2:3, and the reaction temperature was 25 °C. The microscopic morphology of the nanocomposite CNTs/PbO and CNTs/CuO was characterized by transmission electron microscopy TEM. The specific surface area decreased obviously after nanocomposite PbO/CNTs and CuO/CNTs mixed in a 1:1 ratio by grinding.
Research progress of alginate in biomedicine
Authors: Wu Zongmei , Fan Weixi , Cai Xiaoming , Zhu Chunli
Published: February 2020

Sodium alginate was widely used in biomedicine because of its biocompatibility, biodegradability, safety, non-toxicity and easy processing. The development of the application of micelles, microspheres, nanoparticles and hydrogels prepared by sodium alginate polymers in drug release is described in this paper.
Efficiency Enhancement of Perovskite CsPbBr3 Quantum Dot Light-emitting Diodes by Doped Hole Transport Layer
Authors: Liu Mengke , Luan Weiling , Huang Yihui , Zhang Shulv
Published: February 2020

Balanced charge injection is essential to high-performance Perovskite CsPbBr3 quantum dot-based light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). However, low mobility of hole-transport materials (HTMs) severely restrict improving performance of QLEDs. Herein, we provide a novel HTMs to improve the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level structure and carrier mobility by doping poly (9-vinlycarbazole) (PVK) and poly [N, N’-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N, N’-bis(phenyl) benzi-dine] (poly-TPD). We also introduce poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as electron block layer to further achieve charge injection balance. Finally, an enhanced external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.53% and 414.83 cd/m2 was obtained. Compared with the untreated QLED, this result has been 8-fold enhanced, provides a new approach to attain better performance.
Fatigue Crack Initiation and Propagation Mechanism of FGH96 PM Superalloy
Authors: Kai Zhao , Yu-huai He
Published: February 2020

FGH96 is regarded as a promising powder metallurgy superalloy for high-temperature / pressure turbine disc in aerospace industries due to its high resistance / defect tolerance and high working temperature up to 750 °C. The initiation and propagation mechanism of FGH96 PM superalloy is researched by in-situ fatigue experiments. The result shows that the crack of gap samples initiates and propagates at the same stress level at 25 °C and 300°C. At 300°C, there are no creep characteristics such as the intergranular characteristics found in the sample fracture. The crack at 300°C has a faster initiation and propagation process compared to the crack at 25°C, especially in the late stage of fatigue. The increase of the crack propagation rate of the sample is unrelated to the creep, mainly due to oxidation. Oxidation reduces the fatigue life of materials because it accelerates the initiation and propagation of transgranular cracks.
Computational Simulation about the Impact of High Voltage Electrostatic Field on Crystallization of Calcium Carbonate Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wang D F , Meng D D , Cui X D , Wang F J , Liu Y
Published: February 2020

Computational simulation method was used in two models of calcium carbonate aqueous solution to explore the mechanism of anti-scaling under electrostatic field on the molecular level. The binding energy between the surface and ions indicated that the surface (104) was more favorable for the growth of the new crystal, while it was much easier to decompose under field strength 1300 V/m. The diffusion coefficients of Ca2+ and CO3
2- revealed that the chemical reaction of Ca2+ and CO3
2- ions in Model-II was much difficult to form calcium carbonate crystal under electrostatic field. The hydration degree of Ca2+ with O atoms from water molecules showed that the electric field could enhance the hydration degree of Ca2+ under certain field length, hence preventing the chemical reaction with CO3
2- to produce crystal. In short, the scale inhibition effect under electrostatic field in Model-II was much better.
Comparisons of Conventional, SRI, EAS and Hybrid-Stress Plane Q4 and Q9 Finite Element Models in Displacement and Energy Norms
Authors: Xiao H B , Hu H C , Zhang H Y , Xie Q , Zhou Y X
Published: February 2020

Advanced finite element models have been being pursued for several decades. For plane models, the popularly employed formulations include the selectively reduced integration, enhanced assumed strain, hybrid/mixed methods, stabilization methods, among others. The accuracies of the advanced finite element models with respect to the standard element models are often demonstrated by some popular numerical tests in which displacement and stress components at a few selected points are benchmarked. The more comprehensive but laborious means of assessing the accuracy by computing the relative errors in displacement norm (Sobolev norm of order zero) and energy norm are less popularly employed. In this paper, these norms of the standard and some advanced 4-node and 9-node quadrilateral finite element models for a number of tests are computed and reported. In contrast to the common perception, the advanced models are not always more accurate than the standard ones. The discussions in this paper can be helpful for the understanding and usage of the numerical benchmark tests.
Towards graphene-based new energy devices
Authors: Yefeng WU
Published: February 2020

The seeking for “killer application” of graphene has been the bottleneck for the industrialization of graphene. From its first application in sophisticated FET devices to many newly arising environment-friendly energy efficient devices, graphene seems to be an excellent candidate material when assembled with functional materials in new energy devices, such as current collector, lithium ion battery, photovoltaic cell or solar-thermal devices. Here, we reviewed the recent reports on these field, and prove that the existence of graphene could bring about a “win-win” outcome in above mentioned representative new energy devices, providing a new design paradigm to find out the “killer application” of graphene.
Study on Preparation of Ceramsite from Shale Slag and Its Application
Authors: Xu Changwei , Deng Xinci
Published: February 2020

This paper studies the proportion of raw materials and process system for firing shale slag ceramsite. The raw materials and raw material ratio of the shale slag ceramsite were determined by the composition analysis of the shale slag; Through basic experiments, it is concluded that when the proportion of raw materials is shale slag: coal gangue: fly ash: expansion agent = 65 : 16 : 9 : 10. Through optimization analysis, when the tube pressure strength is used as the evaluation index, the optimal plan A2B1C2, the bulk density as the evaluation index, the optimal plan A1B3C2, and the water absorption rate as the evaluation index, the optimal plan A3B1C3. Conclusion: The best sintering system for shale slag granule firing is preheating temperature 50°C. heating time 20min, holding time 15min, heating to 1100°C, heating for 40min, and finally holding for 20min. Through the optimization analysis of the analysis and analysis of variance results, it is known that the firing temperature has the most significant effect on the ceramsite performance.
A Comparative Investigation of Magnetoelectric Characteristics of Nano Bi-Layer Bar and Plate Structures
Authors: Saengow T , Silapunt R
Published: February 2020

In this paper, the magnetoelectric (ME) characteristics of bar and plate structures of the nano bi-layer ME materials are investigated and compared. The mathematical models of ME coefficients of the nano bi-layer bar and plate structures operated in the longitudinal-transverse (L-T) mode are developed using the constitutive equations and Newton’s second law. The nano bi-layer of interest consists of Terfenol-D and Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) as ferromagnetic (FM) and ferroelectric (FE) phases, respectively. In the low frequency regime, the optimal thickness ratios of bar and plate structures that yield maximum ME coefficients are around 0.43 and 0.33, respectively. The optimal thickness ratios are applied in the high frequency regime to obtain the conditions where the maximum ME coefficients can be achieved. It is found that the resonant frequencies of the bar and plate structures decrease exponentially with the bi-layer length and thickness, respectively. The results also indicate that at the same resonant frequency, the dimension of the bar structure is significantly smaller than the plate structure, it thus becomes more preferable for nano scale sensing applications.
Effect of annealing on recrystallization of GAP particles of Fe-Nd-B system alloy
Authors: Chaika V , Savin V , Sorokovikov M , Marukhin A , Martyushev A
Published: February 2020

The magnetic and mechanical properties magnets of the Fe-Nd-B system depend more on the size and shape of the grain structure. The influence of annealing on the microstructure of gas atomized powder (GAP) particles of Fe-Nd-B alloy was investigation. Conditional three types of microstructure are allocated and their changes in the process of recrystallization are analyzed. It is shown that the process of recrystallization is accompanied by an increase in the intergranular phase and the formation of grains in it. Increasing the annealing time enhances these processes.
Development of water leakage detection and localization system
Authors: Zhang Xun , Tian Quan , Liu Yuting
Published: February 2020

Detection and localization of pipeline leakage is one of the important means to save water resources. A set of leakage detection was set up and experiments were carried out. The system contains flowmeter, pressure gauges and vibration sensor. The signal was continuous collected to constantly detect and alert water leaks. The leakage location is based on GCC-PHAT algorithm. a leakage detection and location system based on GCC-PHAT algorithm is proposed. Experiments have verified that our system works well.
Study on Properties of Graphite Polystyrene Permeable Composite Insulation Board
Authors: Zhang Jusong , Cao Yuwei , Wang Xin
Published: February 2020

In order to further optimize the properties of polystyrene permeable flame retardant composite insulation board, the composition, properties and flame retardant mechanism of graphite polystyrene permeable flame retardant composite insulation board were discussed in this paper. The properties of graphite polystyrene substrate and permeable flame retardant, the optimum ratio of permeable flame retardant. The tensile strength, compressive strength, thermal conductivity and softening coefficient perpendicular to the plate surface are discussed, and the endothermic flame retardant mechanism of osmotic flame retardant was discussed. The results show that graphite polystyrene permeable flame retardant composite insulation plate does not reduce its combustion and mechanical properties when reduces the density and thermal conductivity.
Swept source cross-polarized optical coherence tomography for any input polarized light
Authors: Sharma Gargi , Sharma Shivani , Blessing Katharina , Hartl Georg , Waldner Maximilian , Singh Kanwarpal
Published: February 2020

Cross polarized optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers enhanced contrast in certain pathological conditions. Traditional cross-polarized OCT systems require a defined input polarization and thus require several polarization controlling elements increasing the overall complexity of the system. Our proposed system requires a single quarter wave plate as a polarization controller thus simplifying the system significantly. The majority of cross-polarized OCT systems are spectrometer based, which suffers from slow speed and low signal to noise ratio. In this work, we present a swept source based cross-polarized OCT system that works for any input polarization state. The system was tested against known birefringent materials such as quarter wave plate. Furthermore, biological samples such as finger, nail and chicken breast were imaged to demonstrate the potential of our technique.
Stretchable and compressible strain sensors for gait monitoring constructed using carbon nanotube/graphene composite
Authors: Kumpika T , Kantarak E , Sriboonruang A , Sroila W , Tippo P , Thongpan W , Pooseekheaw P , Panthawan A , Jumrus N , Sanmuangmoon P , Jhuntama N , Hankhuntod M , Nuansri R , Wiranwetchayan O , Thongsuwan W , Singjai P
Published: February 2020

Stretchable and compressible strain sensors play an essential role in various fields with uses ranging from automotive components to medical devices. This study reports on the fabrication and characteristics of stretchable strain and pressure sensors constructed using a carbon nanotube and graphene composite. The sensors were used for gait analysis, an important step in the diagnosis and management of movement disorders. The stretchable and compressible strain sensors were used to measure peak knee sagittal angles and forces under the feet when walking. Gait analysis is usually performed within a laboratory. However, in this research we propose a shift to gait assessments conducted via long-term daily monitoring using wearable devices.
The Global Politics of Anti-Racism: A View from the Canal Zone
Authors: Herman Rebecca
Published: February 2020

During World War II, when Axis theories of racial supremacy became purported antonyms to Allied values, leaders of “non-white” countries gained a new framework for challenging a global order grounded in racialized notions of fitness for self-government. But the story is more complex than a sole focus on the international sphere allows, as those leaders who adopted anti-racist rhetoric to challenge their disadvantaged position in international politics were sometimes architects of racial hierarchy at home. This article examines how anti-racist struggles within Panama and the Canal Zone mapped onto the anti-imperialist project of a racist Panamanian state. Scholars of race and international relations have highlighted the challenges that anti-imperialist struggles posed to racialized criteria for international legitimacy, on the one hand, and the impact of geopolitical conflict on domestic struggles for racial equality, on the other. The view from the Canal Zone reveals the interplay between those two phenomena. Foregrounding Latin America in a history of the global politics of anti-racism precludes escape into binary visions of a world divided between colonizers and colonized, a racist Global North and an anti-racist Global South, or a tidy color line that splits humanity in two.
TRlnc: a comprehensive database for human transcriptional regulatory information of lncRNAs
Authors: Li Yanyu , Li Xuecang , Yang Yongsan , Li Meng , Qian Fengcui , Tang Zhidong , Zhao Jianmei , Zhang Jian , Bai Xuefeng , Jiang Yong , Zhou Jianyuan , Zhang Yuexin , Zhou Liwei , Xie Jianjun , Li Enmin , Wang Qiuyu , Li Chunquan
Published: February 2020

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proven to play important roles in transcriptional processes and biological functions. With the increasing study of human diseases and biological processes, information in human H3K27ac ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq and DNase-seq datasets is accumulating rapidly, resulting in an urgent need to collect and process data to identify transcriptional regulatory regions of lncRNAs. We therefore developed a comprehensive database for human regulatory information of lncRNAs (TRlnc, http://bio.licpathway.net/TRlnc), which aimed to collect available resources of transcriptional regulatory regions of lncRNAs and to annotate and illustrate their potential roles in the regulation of lncRNAs in a cell type-specific manner. The current version of TRlnc contains 8 683 028 typical enhancers/super-enhancers and 32 348 244 chromatin accessibility regions associated with 91 906 human lncRNAs. These regions are identified from over 900 human H3K27ac ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq and DNase-seq samples. Furthermore, TRlnc provides the detailed genetic and epigenetic annotation information within transcriptional regulatory regions (promoter, enhancer/super-enhancer and chromatin accessibility regions) of lncRNAs, including common SNPs, risk SNPs, eQTLs, linkage disequilibrium SNPs, transcription factors, methylation sites, histone modifications and 3D chromatin interactions. It is anticipated that the use of TRlnc will help users to gain in-depth and useful insights into the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs.
PlasGUN: gene prediction in plasmid metagenomic short reads using deep learning
Authors: Fang Zhencheng , Tan Jie , Wu Shufang , Li Mo , Wang Chunhui , Liu Yongchu , Zhu Huaiqiu
Published: February 2020

We present the first tool of gene prediction, PlasGUN, for plasmid metagenomic short-read data. The tool, developed based on deep learning algorithm of multiple input Convolutional Neural Network, demonstrates much better performance when tested on a benchmark dataset of artificial short reads and presents more reliable results for real plasmid metagenomic data than traditional gene prediction tools designed primarily for chromosome-derived short reads.

Availability and implementation

The PlasGUN software is available at http://cqb.pku.edu.cn/ZhuLab/PlasGUN/ or https://github.com/zhenchengfang/PlasGUN/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Bayesian cumulative shrinkage for infinite factorizations
Authors: Legramanti Sirio , Durante Daniele , Dunson David B
Published: February 2020

The dimension of the parameter space is typically unknown in a variety of models that rely on factorizations. For example, in factor analysis the number of latent factors is not known and has to be inferred from the data. Although classical shrinkage priors are useful in such contexts, increasing shrinkage priors can provide a more effective approach that progressively penalizes expansions with growing complexity. In this article we propose a novel increasing shrinkage prior, called the cumulative shrinkage process, for the parameters that control the dimension in overcomplete formulations. Our construction has broad applicability and is based on an interpretable sequence of spike-and-slab distributions which assign increasing mass to the spike as the model complexity grows. Using factor analysis as an illustrative example, we show that this formulation has theoretical and practical advantages relative to current competitors, including an improved ability to recover the model dimension. An adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is proposed, and the performance gains are outlined in simulations and in an application to personality data.
THUG LIFE: Drill music as a periscope into urban violence in the consumer age
Authors: Lynes Adam , Kelly Craig , Kelly Emma
Published: February 2020

This paper seeks to develop an understanding of interpersonal violence within an urban landscape. An increase in violent crime has garnered intense media attention with drill—an emerging subgenre of hip hop—being sighted by media outlets as a causal factor for the rise in gang-related violence. Within this perspective, the Metropolitan Police took action, which affirmed this narrative. This paper seeks to refute such simplistic discussions of interpersonal violence whilst recognizing the opportunity such notions pose for academics to utilize knowledge of subcultures to explore possible insights into the wider understanding of violence and capitalism.
Inclusion and Exclusion Through Risk-based Justice: Analysing Combinations of Risk Assessment from Pretrial Detention to Release
Authors: van Eijk Gwen
Published: February 2020

As the use of risk-based practices has proliferated in many jurisdictions, justice-involved individuals are often subjected to multiple risk assessments at various moments and with different purposes as they move through the criminal justice system. This article examines the ways in which different risk-based practices are combined and evaluates these combinations in terms of inclusion and exclusion of marginalized offender categories. By understanding risk-based practices in terms of the distribution of resources, the article conceptualizes how the accumulation of bias could exacerbate exclusionary effects and how contradictory risk-informed decisions could undermine inclusionary interventions. Understanding the interplay of different risk-based practices is essential for the practical and ethical judgement of risk-based justice.
Level of N6-Methyladenosine in Peripheral Blood RNA: A Novel Predictive Biomarker for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ge Lichen , Zhang Nan , Chen Zhuojia , Song Jiaxi , Wu Yingmin , Li Zhuoling , Chen Feng , Wu Jia , Li Dandan , Li Jiexin , Wang Cheng , Wang Hongsheng , Wang Junjun
Published: February 2020

Background

Dysregulation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is associated with various human diseases including cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the level of m6A as a biomarker for gastric cancer (GC) diagnosis.

Methods

Peripheral blood samples were collected from 100 GC patients, 30 benign gastric disease (BGD) patients, and 75 healthy controls (HCs). Levels of m6A in total RNA and expression of m6A-related proteins were analyzed.

Results

The m6A levels in peripheral blood RNA were significantly increased in the GC group compared with those in the BGD or HC groups; moreover, levels increased with the progression and metastasis of GC and decreased in GC patients after surgery. The area under the curve (AUC) for m6A in the GC group was 0.929 (95% CI, 0.88–0.96), which is markedly greater than the AUCs for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA; 0.694) and carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199; 0.603). The combination of CEA and CA199 with m6A improved the AUC to 0.955 (95% CI, 0.91–0.98). The expressions of m6A demethylases ALKBH5 and FTO were significantly downregulated in the GC group compared with the HC group. Coculture with GC cells increased the m6A of RNA in promyelocytic (HL-60) and monocytic (THP-1) leukemia cells and nontumorigenic human peripheral blood B lymphocyte cells (PENG-EBV). Furthermore, a xenograft model enhanced the m6A in peripheral blood RNA of mice. Accordingly, expressions of ALKBH5 and FTO were decreased both in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions

Level of m6A in peripheral blood RNA is a promising noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for GC patients.
Relationship Between Extra Connectivity And Component Connectivity In Networks
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Lin Cheng-Kuan , Fan Jianxi , Jia Xiaohua , Cheng Baolei , Zhou Jingya
Published: February 2020

Connectivity is a classic measure for reliability of a multiprocessor system in the case of processor failures. Extra connectivity and component connectivity are two important indicators of the reliability of a multiprocessor system in presence of failing processors. The $h$-extra connectivity $\kappa _{h}(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of nodes whose removal will disconnect $G$, and every remaining component has at least $h+1$ nodes. Moreover, the $h$-component connectivity $c\kappa _{h}(G)$ of $G$ is the minimum number of nodes whose deletion results in a graph with at least $h$ components. However, the extra connectivity and component connectivity of many well-known networks have been independently investigated. In this paper, we determine the relationship between extra connectivity and component connectivity of general networks. As applications, the extra connectivity and component connectivity are explored for some well-known networks, including complete cubic networks, hierarchical cubic networks, generalized exchanged hypercubes, dual-cube-like networks, Cayley graphs generated by transposition trees and hierarchical hypercubes as well.