bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Glucagonlike Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients With Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Community Practice
Authors: Nanna Michael G. , Kolkailah Ahmed A. , Page Courtney , Peterson Eric D. , Navar Ann Marie
Published: November 2022

Importance

Recent national guidelines recommend sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD); yet, there are limited data on the use of these agents in contemporary community practice.

Objective

To evaluate the use of SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA in adults with T2D and ASCVD across a diverse sample of health care systems in the US.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This multicenter, retrospective cohort study used electronic health record data from 88 US health care systems participating in Cerner Real World Data between January 2018 to March 2021. Adults with ASCVD and T2D taking at least 1 glucose-lowering medication, had end-stage kidney disease, or had stage 5 chronic kidney disease were excluded.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Treatment with SGLT2i or GLP-1 RA.

Results

A total of 321 304 patients were identified with T2D and ASCVD ASCVD (130 280 female [40.5%]; median [IQR] age, 70.9 [62.9-78.0] years) who were potentially eligible for SGLT2i and/or GLP-1 RA, including 37 754 Black individuals (11.8%), 51 522 Hispanic individuals (16.0%), and 256 008 White individuals (11.8%). From January 2018 to March 2021, the use of SGLT2i increased from 5.8% (11 285 of 194 264) to 12.9% (11 058 of 85 956), GLP-1 RA increased from 6.9% (13 402 of 194 264) to 13.8% (11 901 of 85 956), and use of either agent increased from 11.4% (22 069 of 194 264) to 23.2% (19 909 of 85 956). Those taking an SGLT2i or GLP-1 RA were younger, less frequently hospitalized in the year prior, and more likely to be taking additional secondary prevention medications. Treated and nontreated populations were similar in terms of race, ethnicity, and outpatient health care utilization. Sulfonylureas and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors remained more commonly used than SGLT2i or GLP-1 RA through 2021.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, uptake of SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA in adults with T2D and ASCVD increased modestly after guideline recommendations, although less than a quarter of persons with ASCVD and T2D receiving medical therapy were taking either. Further efforts are necessary to maximize the potential population benefit of these therapies in this high-risk population.
Risk Factors for Vancomycin Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms Syndrome
Authors: Blumenthal Kimberly G. , Alvarez-Arango Santiago , Fu Xiaoqing , Kroshinsky Daniela , Choi Hyon , Phillips Elizabeth , Zhou Li
Published: November 2022

This case-control study uses single-institution data to explore risk factors associated with vancomycin drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic systems (DRESS) syndrome.
Estimating Savings Opportunities From Therapeutic Substitutions of High-Cost Generic Medications
Authors: Socal Mariana P. , Cordeiro Thomas , Anderson Gerard F. , Bai Ge
Published: November 2022

Importance

Use of generics is generally understood as a cost-saving practice. However, pharmacy benefit managers have an incentive to place higher-priced generic drugs on insurers’ drug formularies to profit by creating a large difference between the price negotiated with pharmacies and the price paid by insurers (what is known as spread pricing).

Objective

To examine price differentials and savings potential between high-cost generics and corresponding therapeutic alternatives of same clinical value and lower cost.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional analysis examined the top 1000 generics in Colorado’s all-payer claims database (CO-APCD) in 2019. High-cost generics and lower-cost generic therapeutic alternatives of same clinical value constituted the study sample. Data were analyzed from January 2019 to December 2019.

Exposures

Generic drug prices measured by transaction prices, average wholesale price (AWP), and national drug acquisition average cost (NADAC).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Price differentials between the high-cost generics and the corresponding therapeutic alternatives. Levels of discounts and savings that could be achieved if the high-cost generics had been substituted by their therapeutic alternatives.

Results

This cross-sectional study of the top 1000 CO-APCD generics identified 45 high-cost products that had lower-cost therapeutic alternatives of same clinical value. Overall, high-cost generics were 15.6 times more expensive than their therapeutic alternatives (median values). If the lower-cost alternatives had been used, total spending would have been reduced from $7.5 million to $873 711, resulting in 88.3% savings. Most substitutions (28 of 45 [62.2]%) involved different dosage forms or different strengths of the same drug and provided mean (SD) discounts of 94.9% (3.8%) and 77.1% (19.9%), respectively.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, replacing high-cost generics with lower-cost alternatives of same clinical value would produce savings of nearly 90%. Plan sponsors should be aware that some generics are associated with higher spending and should periodically review the specific products driving their generic drug spending. Substitution of high-cost generics may provide a simple pathway to offer the same therapeutic benefit at lower cost to patients and insurers.
Value-Based Payment and Behavioral Health
Authors: Pincus Harold A. , Fleet Alexa
Published: November 2022

This Viewpoint discusses behavioral health and its transition to value-based payment models.
Clinical utility of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers measured by LUMIPULSE® system
Authors: Nojima Hisashi , Ito Satoshi , Kushida Akira , Abe Aki , Motsuchi Wataru , Verbel David , Vandijck Manu , Jannes Geert , Vandenbroucke Ina , Aoyagi Katsumi
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are well‐established in research settings, but their use in routine clinical practice remains a largely unexploited potential. Here, we examined the relationship between CSF biomarkers, measured by a fully automated immunoassay platform, and brain β‐amyloid (Aβ) deposition status confirmed by amyloid positron emission tomography (PET).

Methods

One hundred ninety‐nine CSF samples from clinically diagnosed AD patients enrolled in a clinical study and who underwent amyloid PET were used for the measurement of CSF biomarkers Aβ 1–40 (Aβ40), Aβ 1–42 (Aβ42), total tau (t‐Tau), and phosphorylated tau‐181 (p‐Tau181) using the LUMIPULSE system. These biomarkers and their combinations were compared to amyloid PET classification (negative or positive) using visual read assessments. Several combinations were also analyzed with a multivariable logistic regression model.

Results

Aβ42, t‐Tau, and p‐Tau181, and the ratios of Aβ42 with other biomarkers had a good diagnostic agreement with amyloid PET imaging. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that amyloid PET status was associated with Aβ40 and Aβ42, but other factors, such as MMSE, sex, t‐Tau, and p‐Tau181, did not significantly add information to the model.

Conclusions

CSF biomarkers measured with the LUMIPULSE system showed good agreement with amyloid PET imaging. The ratio of Aβ42 with the other analyzed biomarkers showed a higher correlation with amyloid PET than Aβ42 alone, suggesting that the combinations of biomarkers could be useful in the diagnostic assessment in clinical research and potentially in routine clinical practice.
A Diagnostic Prediction Model to Distinguish Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Authors: Clark Matthew T. , Rankin Danielle A. , Peetluk Lauren S. , Gotte Alisa , Herndon Alison , McEachern William , Smith Andrew , Clark Daniel E. , Hardison Edward , Esbenshade Adam J. , Patrick Anna , Halasa Natasha B. , Connelly James A. , Katz Sophie E.
Published: November 2022

Objective

Features of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) overlap with other syndromes, making the diagnosis difficult for clinicians. We aimed to compare clinical differences between patients with and without clinical MIS‐C diagnosis and develop a diagnostic prediction model to assist clinicians in identification of patients with MIS‐C within the first 24 hours of hospital presentation.

Methods

A cohort of 127 patients (<21 years) were admitted to an academic children's hospital and evaluated for MIS‐C. The primary outcome measure was MIS‐C diagnosis at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Clinical, laboratory, and cardiac features were extracted from the medical record, compared among groups, and selected a priori to identify candidate predictors. Final predictors were identified through a logistic regression model with bootstrapped backward selection in which only variables selected in more than 80% of 500 bootstraps were included in the final model.

Results

Of 127 children admitted to our hospital with concern for MIS‐C, 45 were clinically diagnosed with MIS‐C and 82 were diagnosed with alternative diagnoses. We found a model with four variables—the presence of hypotension and/or fluid resuscitation, abdominal pain, new rash, and the value of serum sodium—showed excellent discrimination (concordance index 0.91; 95% confidence interval: 0.85‐0.96) and good calibration in identifying patients with MIS‐C.

Conclusion

A diagnostic prediction model with early clinical and laboratory features shows excellent discrimination and may assist clinicians in distinguishing patients with MIS‐C. This model will require external and prospective validation prior to widespread use.
Vis–NIR Electrochromism and NIR–Green Electroluminochromism in Dual Functional Benzothiadiazole‐Arylamine Mixed‐Valence Compounds
Authors: Corrente Giuseppina Anna , González Dora A. , Aktas Ece , Capodilupo Agostina Lina , Mazzone Gloria , Ruighi Francesco , Accorsi Gianluca , Imbardelli Daniela , Rodriguez‐Seco Cristina , Martinez‐Ferrero Eugenia , Palomares Emilio , Beneduci Amerigo
Published: November 2022

Electrochromism/electrofluorochromism is the reversible tuning of the absorption/photoluminescence by redox processes. Dual functional electrochromic/electrofluorochromic materials can be exploited in, for example, smart windows, encryption/anticounterfeiting technologies, displays, and biomedical sensors. While electrofluorochromic materials showing tunable fluorescence intensity are relatively widespread, those with tunable color emission are not. Moreover, electrofluorochromic materials with tunable emission in the near‐infrared (NIR) range are seldom encountered. Here, this work shows a new molecular approach to afford both the above functionalities, in addition to red–NIR electrochromism, by combining the properties of highly stable arylamine radical cation mixed valence species, with those of donor–acceptor systems exhibiting the photoinduced twisted intramolecular charge transfer mechanism.
Improving the Operational Stability of Near‐Infrared Quasi‐2D Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes by Cation Engineering
Authors: Wang Qiangqiang , Ding Shuo , He Siliang , Zhang Ting , Qian Lei , Xiao Peng , Chen Tao , Xiang Chaoyu
Published: November 2022

Although organic metal halide perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have been developed rapidly in recent years, their commercialization and further applications are still hindered by ion migration‐induced inferior operational stability. Although the formation of a quasi‐2D structure is a well‐known solution that can efficiently suppress ion migration, the operation lifetime improvement is still limited. In this study, long‐chain phenylbutanammonium is used to replace the commonly used phenethylammonium as the L‐site cations. With large steric hindrance, ion migration inside the PeLEDs is effectively suppressed. Consequently, the PeLED with near‐infrared emission at 763 nm exhibited an operational lifetime (T90) of up to 5.3 h, which is 53‐fold higher than that of the control device. This study demonstrates the feasibility of significant stability improvement using a simple cation engineering strategy for PeLEDs.
Enabling Extreme Fast‐Charging: Challenges at the Cathode and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Tanim Tanvir R. , Weddle Peter J. , Yang Zhenzhen , Colclasure Andrew M. , Charalambous Harry , Finegan Donal P. , Lu Yanying , Preefer Molleigh , Kim Sangwook , Allen Jeffery M. , Usseglio‐Viretta Francois L. E. , Chinnam Parameswara R. , Bloom Ira , Dufek Eric J. , Smith Kandler , Chen Guoying , Wiaderek Kamila M. , Weker Johanna Nelson , Ren Yang
Published: November 2022

Charging lithium‐ion batteries (LiBs) in 10 to 15 min via extreme fast‐charging (XFC) is important for the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). Lately, the battery research community has focused on identifying XFC bottlenecks and determining novel design solutions. Like other LiB components, cathodes can present XFC bottlenecks, especially when considering long‐term battery life. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive understanding of how XFC conditions degrade LiB cathodes. The present article reviews relevant cathode‐focused studies and summarizes the current understanding regarding cathode performance and aging issues under XFC conditions. Dominant aging modes and mechanisms are identified at different length‐scales with electrochemical correlations for LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC)‐based cathodes. A range of electrochemical techniques and models provide key insights into cathode performance and life issues. A suite of multimodal and multiscale microscopy and X‐ray techniques is surveyed to quantify chemical, structural, and crystallographic NMC‐cathode degradation. Cathode cycle‐life is scaled to equivalent EV miles to illustrate how cathode degradation translates to real‐world scenarios and quantifies cathode‐related bottlenecks that hinder XFC adoption. Finally, the article discusses several cathode cycle‐life aging mitigation strategies with example case studies and identifies remaining challenges.
Estimating phenological sensitivity in contemporary vs. historical data sets: Effects of climate resolution and spatial scale
Authors: Zettlemoyer Meredith A. , Wilson Jill E. , DeMarche Megan L.
Published: November 2022

Premise

Phenological sensitivity, or the degree to which a species' phenology shifts in response to warming, is an important parameter for comparing and predicting species' responses to climate change. Phenological sensitivity is often measured using herbarium specimens or local studies in natural populations. These approaches differ widely in spatiotemporal scales, yet few studies explicitly consider effects of the geographic extent and resolution of climate data when comparing phenological sensitivities quantified from different data sets for a given species.

Methods

We compared sensitivity of flowering phenology to growing degree days of the alpine plant Silene acaulis using two data sets: herbarium specimens and a 6 yr observational study in four populations at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, USA. We investigated differences in phenological sensitivity obtained using variable spatial scales and climate data sources.

Results

Herbarium specimens underestimated phenological sensitivity compared to observational data, even when herbarium samples were limited geographically or to nearby weather station data. However, when observational data were paired with broader‐scale climate data, as is typically used in herbarium data sets, estimates of phenological sensitivity were more similar.

Conclusions

This study highlights the potential for variation in data source, geographic scale, and accuracy of macroclimate data to produce very different estimates of phenological responses to climate change. Accurately predicting phenological shifts would benefit from comparisons between methods that estimate climate variables and phenological sensitivity over a variety of spatial scales.
5p13 microduplication in a malformed fetus and his unaffected father
Authors: Kariminejad Ariana , Ghaderi‐Sohi Siavash , Gholami Soheila , Najafi Kimia , Kariminejad Roxana , Hennekam Raoul C. M.
Published: November 2022

The 5p13 microduplication syndrome is a contiguous gene syndrome characterized by developmental delay intellectual disability, hypotonia, unusual facies with marked variability, mild limb anomalies, and in some cases brain malformations. The duplication ranges in size from 0.25 to 1.08 Mb and encompasses five genes (NIPBL, SLC1A3, CPLANE1, NUP155, and WDR70), of which NIPBL has been suggested to be the main dose sensitive gene. All patients with duplication of the complete NIPBL gene reported thus far have been de novo. Here, we report a 25‐week‐old male fetus with hypertelorism, wide and depressed nasal bridge, depressed nasal tip, low‐set ears, clenched hands, flexion contracture of elbows, knees, and left wrist, and bilateral clubfeet, bowing and shortening of long bones and brain malformation of dorsal part of callosal body. The fetus had a 667 kb gain at 5p13.2 encompassing SLC1A3, NIPBL and exons 22–52 of CPLANE1. The microduplication was inherited from the healthy father, in whom no indication for mosaicism was detected. The family demonstrates that incomplete penetrance of 5p13 microduplication syndrome may occur which is important in genetic counseling of families with this entity.
Sex bias in Neolithic megalithic burials
Authors: Elliott Elliot , Saupe Tina , Thompson Jess E. , Robb John E. , Scheib Christiana L.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

A statistical study comparing osteological and ancient DNA determinations of sex was conducted in order to investigate whether there are sex biases in United Kingdom and Irish Neolithic megalithic burials.

Materials and Methods

Genetic and osteological information from human individuals from 32 megalithic sites in the UK and Ireland dating from 4000 to 2500 cal. BCE was collected and statistically analyzed to test whether there is a true over‐representation of males at these sites. The published dataset from the study by Sánchez‐Quinto et al. in 2019 was initially analyzed before being refined and included in a larger dataset. Osteological analysis of sex bias was limited to adults with available sex estimations, and genetic analysis limited to published data

Results

Two sites consistently returned significant p‐values suggesting a potential over‐representation in osteological males at one site (Knowe of Midhowe, Orkney) and genetic males in the other (Primrose Grange, Ireland). Cumulative statistical analyses point towards a male bias in the representation of sexes in Neolithic megalithic burials, but these results do not reflect the site‐by‐site and regional variation found in this study.

Discussion

The interpretation of sex bias, that is, the over‐representation of one sex over another ‐ depends on other socio‐cultural variables (e.g., kinship) and the emphasis placed on statistical significance. The trend towards males being over‐represented in Neolithic megalithic burials is not as clear as previously thought, and requires further testing and data collection to uncover.
Sustainable Conversion of Microplastics to Methane with Ultrahigh Selectivity by a Biotic–Abiotic Hybrid Photocatalytic System
Authors: Ye Jie , Chen Yiping , Gao Chao , Wang Chao , Hu Andong , Dong Guowen , Chen Zhi , Zhou Shungui , Xiong Yujie
Published: November 2022

Efficient conversion of microplastics into fuels provides a promising strategy to alleviate environmental pollution and the energy crisis. However, the conventional processes are challenged by low product selectivity and potential secondary pollution. Herein, a biotic‐abiotic photocatalytic system is designed by assembling Methanosarcina barkeri (M. b) and carbon dot‐functionalized polymeric carbon nitrides (CDPCN), by which biodegradable microplastics—poly(lactic acid) after heat pretreatment can be converted into CH4 for five successive 24‐day cycles with nearly 100 % CH4 selectivity by the assistance of additional CO2. Mechanistic analyses showed that both photooxidation and photoreduction methanogenesis worked simultaneously via the fully utilizing photogenerated holes and electrons without chemical sacrificial quenchers. Further research validated the real‐world applicability of M. b‐CDPCN for non‐biodegradable microplastic‐to‐CH4 conversion, offering a new avenue for engineering the plastic reuse.
Fouling limitations of osmotic pressure‐driven processes and its remedial strategies: A review
Authors: Singh Satish Kumar , Maiti Abhijit , Pandey Aaditya , Jain Nishant , Sharma Chhaya
Published: November 2022

The scarcity of freshwater is one of the major challenges to the civilized community around the World. So, the various engineered processes have been developed for the remediation of this problem such as osmotic pressure‐driven processes (OPDPs). OPDPs includes forward osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis, which have gained enormous attention and becoming a flexible membrane‐based technology for desalination and wastewater treatment. The most significant components of the OPDPs to be efficient are the membranes and the draw solution. Although numerous studies highlighted the membrane fouling and concentration polarization are one of the critical parameters to assess the system efficiency in the OPDPs and other pressure driven membrane processes. This study delivers an up‐to‐date review of the OPDPs in terms of concentration polarization, membrane fouling (organic, inorganic, and biofouling), foulant interactions, remedial strategies, monitoring and characterization techniques, and future directions of research. Numerous foulant interactions are also elaborated for the OPDPs in the field of the membrane separation technique. State of the art in antifouling membrane fabrication methods are critically reviewed along with different remedial strategies for fouled membranes in OPDPs.
Effect of nonsolvent on the structures and properties of poly(arylene ether nitrile) films prepared by the phase inversion method
Authors: Wang Dengyu , Xue Ya , You Chen , Lei Wenwu , Zhong Fei , Li Ying , Wang Pan , Li Kui , Zheng Yun , Yang Xulin
Published: November 2022

In this study, a series of nonsolvents including ethyl acetate (EAC), acetic acid (HAC), n‐butyl alcohol (NBA), iso‐propyl alcohol (IPA) and ethanol (EA) were selected during the phase inversion process of poly(arylene ether nitrile) (PEN) films. The mechanism of film formation was tightly related with the interactions among polymer, solvent and nonsolvent. In the case of EAC, the aggregated sphere in P‐EAC confirmed the in situ aggregate mechanism of polymer chains during the phase inversion process. As the nonsolvent‐polymer interaction increases from HAC, NBA, IPA to EA, the phase inversion mechanism was gradually changed from the delayed to transient, as verified by the morphology transformation from spongy‐like to finger‐like. Dielectric, mechanical properties of these PEN films are tightly related with the morphological features, while their thermal properties are similar. Among them, P‐EAC show the optimal properties for potential application in the low‐k films, with a dielectric constant, Td5%, tensile strength of 1.99, 515.84°C, and 36.08 MPa, respectively. This work can provide references for tailoring the structures and properties of PEN films through rational selection of nonsolvent via the phase inversion method.
Engineering Escherichia coli native metabolism for efficient biosynthesis of orotate
Authors: Li Xianglai , Li Nan , Zhao Mengyuan , Zhou Zhao , Li Wenna , Shen Xiaolin , Wang Jia , Yan Yajun , Sun Xinxiao , Yuan Qipeng
Published: November 2022

Orotate (OA) is a precursor of pyrimidine nucleotides and is widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Although various microorganisms have been used for OA production, the production efficiency needs to be further improved for industrial application. In this study, we engineered Escherichia coli native metabolism for efficient OA production. The entire pathway was divided into the downstream OA synthesis, the midstream aspartate/glutamine supply, and the upstream glycolysis modules. First, the downstream module was optimized by disrupting pyrE to block OA consumption and release the feedback inhibition, and tuning expression of the biosynthetic genes. Second, the midstream pathway was enhanced by increasing the supply of the precursors and the cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). More importantly, we observed that pyrE disruption may lead to metabolic disorder as indicated by the accumulation of large amount of acetate. This problem was solved by reducing the flux of glycolysis. With these efforts, the final strain produced 80.3 g/L OA with a yield of 0.56 g/g glucose in fed‐batch fermentation, which are the highest titer and yield reported so far. This work paves the way for industrial production of OA and represents as a good example of modulating cell metabolism for efficient chemical production.
Feasibility of transcaval access TAVI in morbidly obese patients: A single‐center experience
Authors: Michail Michael , Cockburn James , Tanseco Kristoffer Vincent P. , Arunothayaraj Sandeep , Hill Andrew , Trivedi Uday , Hildick‐Smith David
Published: November 2022

Objectives

We report a single‐center experience in utilizing the transcaval‐access transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) as an alternative approach in morbidly obese patients.

Background

Morbidly obese patients present frequently for TAVI. Transfemoral arterial access TAVI in these patients is technically challenging due to deep arterial access, resulting in a higher risk of vascular complications. Transcaval access TAVI is increasingly used in patients with prohibitive iliofemoral arterial access.

Methods

We used the transcaval approach for eight morbidly obese patients who had otherwise technically feasible femoral arterial access. This technique provides an alternative arterial access point that potentially circumvents some of the challenges relating to femoral arterial access.

Results

We report eight morbidly obese patients with a mean body mass index of 42.3 ± 6.2 kg/m2 who underwent transcaval access TAVI at our center (mean EuroScore II 2.47 ± 1.83%). The patient mean age was 70.3 ± 9.8 years; six were female. All eight patients underwent a successful and uncomplicated procedure. The median time to discharge was 2 days and all patients were alive at 30 days.

Conclusions

Transcaval access TAVI is a feasible alternative for morbidly obese patients and may reduce vascular complications. Further data are required to evaluate the safety of this approach.
Right atrial structural remodeling predict worse outcomes in transcatheter mitral valve repair
Authors: Miller Matthew S. , Cutts Jamey , Donatelle Marissa , Shah Kajal , Abeya Fardous , Ashur Nicholas , Rojas Edward , Mehta Nishaki , Kwon Younghoon , Barber Anita , Afriyie Prince , Sodhi Nishtha , Lim Scott , Bilchick Kenneth , Mazimba Sula
Published: November 2022

Background

In the current study, we assess the predictive role of right and left atrial volume indices (RAVI and LAVI) as well as the ratio of RAVI/LAVI (RLR) on mortality following transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr).

Methods

Transthoracic echocardiograms of 158 patients who underwent TMVr at a single academic medical center from 2011 to 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. RAVI and LAVI were calculated using Simpson's method. Patients were stratified based on etiology of mitral regurgitation (MR). Cox proportional‐hazard regression was created utilizing MR type, STS‐score, and RLR to assess the independent association of RLR with survival. Kaplan−Meier analysis was used to analyze the association between RAVI and LAVI with all‐cause mortality. Hemodynamic values from preprocedural right heart catheterization were also compared between RLR groups.

Results

Among 123 patients included (median age 81.3 years; 52.5% female) there were 50 deaths during median follow‐up of 3.0 years. Patients with a high RAVI and low LAVI had significantly higher all‐cause mortality while patients with high LAVI and low RAVI had significantly improved all‐cause mortality compared to other groups (p = 0.0032). RLR was significantly associated with mortality in patients with both functional and degenerative MR (p = 0.0038). Finally, Cox proportion‐hazard modeling demonstrated that an elevated RLR above the median value was an independent predictor of all‐cause mortality [HR = 2.304; 95% CI = 1.26−4.21, p = 0.006] when MR type and STS score were accounted for.

Conclusion

Patients with a high RAVI and low LAVI had significantly increased mortality than other groups following TMVr suggesting RA remodeling may predict worse outcomes following the procedure. Concordantly, RLR was predictive of mortality independent of MR type and preprocedural STS‐score. These indices may provide additional risk stratification in patients undergoing evaluation for TMVr.
Depolarization of Li‐rich Mn‐based oxide via electrochemically active Prussian blue interface providing superior rate capability
Authors: Hao Youchen , Li Xifei , Liu Wen , Wang Jingjing , Shan Hui , Li Wenbin , Liu Xingjiang , Lin Liangxu , Wang Xianyou , Sun Xueliang
Published: November 2022

The high‐rate cyclability of Li‐rich Mn‐based oxide (LMO) is highly limited by the electrochemical polarization resulting from the slow kinetic of the Li2MnO3 phase. Herein, the Prussian blue (PB) coating layer with specific redox potential is introduced as a functionalized interface to overcome the side effect and the escaping of O on the surface of LMO, especially its poor rate capability. In detail, the PB layer can restrict the large polarization of LMO by sharing overloaded current at a high rate due to the synchronous redox of PB and LMO. Consequently, an enhanced high rate performance with capacity retention of 87.8% over 300 cycles is obtained, which is superior to 50.5% of the pristine electrode. Such strategies on the high‐rate cyclability of Li‐rich Mn‐based oxide compatible with good low‐rate performances may attract great attention for pursuing durable performances.
Selective Metal‐ion Complexation of a Biomimetic Calix[6]arene Funnel Cavity Functionalized with Phenol or Quinone
Authors: Aoun Pamela , Nyssen Nicolas , Richard Sarah , Zhurkin Fedor , Jabin Ivan , Colasson Benoit , Reinaud Olivia
Published: November 2022

In the biomimetic context, many studies have evidenced the importance of the 1st and 2nd coordination sphere of a metal ion for controlling its properties. Here, we propose to evaluate a yet poorly explored aspect, which is the nature of the cavity that surrounds the metal labile site. Three calix[6]arene‐based aza‐ligands are compared, that differ only by the nature of cavity walls, anisole, phenol or quinone (LOMe, LOH and LQ). Monitoring ligand exchange of their ZnII complexes evidenced important differences in the metal ion relative affinities for nitriles, halides or carboxylates. It also showed a possible sharp kinetic control on both, metal ion binding and ligand exchange. Hence, this study supports the observations reported on biological systems, highlighting that the substitution of an amino‐acid residue of the enzyme active site, at remote distance of the metal ion, can have strong impacts on metal ion lability, substrate/product exchange or selectivity.
Construction and analysis of a Pseudomonas‐Saccharomyces microbial consortium for mcl‐PHA production from xylose and octanoate
Authors: Wei Zixiang , Zhu Yinzhuang , Ai Mingmei , Liu Chang , Jia Xiaoqiang
Published: November 2022

Microbial consortia have great potential for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) due to their comprehensive capability. In this study, a microbial consortium consisting of Pseudomonas putida NBRC14164 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae SyBE_Sc01020078 was constructed where xylose was converted into nutrients utilizable to P. putida by S. cerevisiae to realize the production of medium‐chain‐length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl‐PHAs) from xylose and octanoate, followed by a preliminary analysis of the interaction between the two strains. The optimal inoculation ratio consisted of 1% P. putida and 10% S. cerevisiae, and both strains exhibited the highest PHA production at their mid‐exponential phase. The two microorganisms were grown in a mineral salt medium with xylose and octanoate as substrates without washing and cultured at 200 rpm. The mcl‐PHA titre of this consortium was 295.7 mg/L, which was 150% higher than that of P. putida in pure culture. Metabolites analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed metabolic communication between P. putida and S. cerevisiae, whereby the former provided histidine, methionine, and leucine for the latter, while the latter converted xylose into lactic acid, which is a more accessible carbon source for the former.
Hypochlorite Detection by Fluorescent Sensors Bearing Long Alkyl Chains: The Role of Chain Length in Sensing Properties
Authors: Yang Yuan , Li Zhao , Dong Fenghao , Lv Jiawei , Han Bingyang , Sun Yuqing , Lu Huiming , Lei Ziqiang , Ma Hengchang
Published: November 2022

Three pyridinium derivatives bearing alkyl chains of different lengths (C1, C8, and C18) that show aggregation‐enhanced emission were synthesized. These compounds can be used to detect ClO− ion as the reaction releases the fluorescent core with an increase in emission intensity and change in absorption wavelength. The lowest detection limit of TPA‐Pyr‐18C was 6.04 μM. The length of the alkyl chain and resulting lipophilicity allowed the targeting of different subcellular structures. TPA‐Pyr‐18C could be used for staining yolk lipids in zebrafish.
Adherence to individualized recall intervals for oral health examinations
Authors: Haukka Anna , Kaila Minna , Haukka Jari , Heikkinen Anna M.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

The aim of this follow‐up study was to investigate whether adults attend an oral health examination (OHE) based on their individual recall interval (IRI) without a reminder recall system.

Methods

The study population included adults who were attending an OHE recommended by their dentists based on their IRI in public oral healthcare clinics of Helsinki City January 1, 2009−December 31, 2009. The inclusion criteria were as follows: alive until the end of IRI, length of the IRI of 12–60 months, and study participants had not been treated successfully by a dental specialist during the IRI period (n = 41,255). We used a multinomial model to identify the factors associated with the timing of OHE. The following predictors were included: oral health indices such as Decayed Teeth and the Community Periodontal Index, the length of the IRI based on an OHE in 2009, age, gender, socioeconomic status, presence of chronic diseases, and emergency appointment. Results were presented as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.

Results

The OHE based on IRI occurred for 7505 individuals (18.2%) and the OHE was late for 9159 individuals (22.2%). A total of 24,591 (59.6%) adults did not undergo follow‐up OHE based on the IRI period of on time or late. Those who came on time for follow‐up OHE experienced less caries than those who came later. There was not much difference in periodontal health between the groups. The models indicated that having an emergency appointment was associated with a higher probability of having an OHE. A long IRI (37–60 months) was associated with a higher probability of not participating in OHE even late.

Conclusions

It would be beneficial for patients to take appointments based on the recall interval. The results of this study indicated that more needs to be done to increase awareness in the adult population of the benefits and availability of follow‐up OHEs based on their IRI in oral healthcare.
Political drivers of policy coherence for sustainable development: An analytical framework
Authors: Shawoo Zoha , Maltais Aaron , Dzebo Adis , Pickering Jonathan
Published: November 2022

Prominent conceptualizations of policy coherence for sustainable development focus primarily on the roles of intra‐governmental policy processes and institutional interactions in shaping coherence between various agendas and policies. These technocratic understandings of coherence overlook the more political drivers of coherence, such as the vested interests or ideologies that may encourage or hinder efforts to achieve coherence. This paper addresses this gap by drawing on the comparative politics literature to facilitate a political understanding of policy coherence. It introduces an analytical framework hypothesizing how ideas, institutions, and interests (the three I's) may influence policy coherence at different policy stages. As such, it includes measures of how policy coherence is applied by different actors and institutions, and whose ideas and interests may be served by pursuing or not pursuing coherence. This article provides an example of how the framework can be applied to study policy coherence between two prominent international agendas: Agenda 2030 (incorporating the Sustainable Development Goals) and the Paris Agreement. Overall, the paper argues that the three I's influence policy options and shape the ambition and importance given to different agendas, goals and actors in pursuing or resisting policy coherence. This framework is suited for assessing the political divers of policy coherence through being applied to empirical data at global or national levels.
Pleural CD14+ monocytes/macrophages of healthy adolescents show a high expression of metallothionein family genes
Authors: Schukfeh Nagoud , Liu Bin , DeLuca David S. , Tumpara Srinu , Nikolin Christoph , Immenschuh Stephan , Ure Benno M. , Kuebler Joachim F. , Welte Tobias , Viemann Dorothee , Janciauskiene Sabina M. , Vieten Gertrud
Published: November 2022

Nowadays laparoscopic interventions enable the collection of resident macrophage populations out of the human cavities. We employed this technique to isolate pleural monocytes/macrophages from healthy young adults who underwent a correction of pectus excavatum. High quality CD14+ monocytes/macrophages (plMo/Mφ) were used for RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) in comparison with human monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDM) natural (MDM‐0) or IL‐4‐polarized (MDM‐IL4). Transcriptome analysis revealed 7166 and 7076 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in plMo/Mφ relative to natural MDM‐0 and polarized MDM‐IL4, respectively. The gene set enrichment analysis, which was used to compare RNA‐seq data from plMo/Mφ with single‐cell (scRNA‐seq) data online from human bronchial lavage macrophages, showed that plMo/Mφs are characterized by a high expression of genes belonging to the metallothionein (MT) family, and that the expression of these genes is significantly higher in plMo/Mφ than in MDM‐0 or MDM‐IL4. Our results provide additional insights on high MTs‐expressing macrophage subsets, which seem to be present not only in bronchial lavage of healthy adults or in pleural exudates of lung cancer patients but also in pleural fluid of healthy young adults. Macrophage subsets expressing high MTs may have specific roles in lung defense, repair, and homeostasis, and require further investigations.
Dual Catalysis Involving Organoboron Compounds
Authors: Ji Xin , Liu Lu
Published: November 2022

In recent years, organoboron compounds has attracted much attention due to their unique chemical properties. In this Review, we summarize catalytic reactions via the dual catalysis of boron and another catalyst, which showed specific catalytic activity in organic transformations.
Synthetic Exploration of Novel Sulfamoyl Cyanide N‐Oxides in Heterocycle Synthesis
Authors: Krivovicheva Vasilisa , Bubyrev Andrey , Kalinin Stanislav , Dar'in Dmitry , Krasavin Mikhail
Published: November 2022

Treatment of CH‐diazomethane sulfonamides with tert‐butyl nitrite produces novel sulfamoyl cyanide N‐oxides which dimerize to form furoxanes. When the reaction is performed in the presence of a dipolarophile, an olefin or an alkyne, dipolar cycloaddition takes place to deliver isoxazolines or isoxazoles, respectively.
How opposing ideological groups use online interactions to justify and mobilise collective action
Authors: Brown Olivia , Lowery Catherine , Smith Laura G. E.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this pre‐registered study was to investigate how different ideological groups justified and mobilised collective action online. We collected 6878 posts from the social media accounts of pro‐Black Lives Matter (n = 13) and anti‐Black Lives Matter (n = 9) groups who promoted collective action in the month after George Floyd's murder and the Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests and counter‐protests. We used content analysis and natural language processing (NLP) to analyse the content and psychological function of the posts. We found that both groups perceived their action as ‘system‐challenging’, with pro‐BLM accounts focused more on outgroup actions to mobilise collective action, and anti‐BLM accounts focused more on ingroup identity. The reverse pattern occurred when the accounts were attempting to justify action. The implications are that groups’ ideology and socio‐structural position should be accounted for when understanding differences in how and why groups mobilise through online interactions.
Extraction and characterization of the lipids from domestic sewage sludge and in situ synthesis of methyl esters
Authors: Magalhães‐Ghiotto Grace Anne Vieira , Marcucci Sílvio Miguel Parmegiani , Trevisan Elias , Arroyo Pedro Augusto
Published: November 2022

The solid waste from urban sewage treatment, such as the sludge that are removed from the drying beds and discharged of biological reactors, are products that need specific treatment, being considered great environmental polluters. These residues can be evaluated from the standpoint of revaluation and, considering the high concentration of lipids that are present in its composition, which can be converted in biodiesel. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize and evaluate the production of esters by in situ transesterification utilizing the domestic sewage sludge as raw material. The collected sewage sludge presented 61% of organic matter and 39% of fixed solids, with 26% of neutral lipids of the material extracted. High value of the saponifiable material and free fatty acid contend, 22.1% and 97.77 mg KOH/g, respectively, were determined. The potential for biodiesel production was tested and 57.46 ± 2.07 % (m/m) ester yield was obtained with predominance of the unsaturated methyl ester.
Deletion of Nox4 enhances remyelination following cuprizone‐induced demyelination by increasing phagocytic capacity of microglia and macrophages in mice
Authors: Yamanaka Kei , Nakamura Kuniyuki , Shibahara Tomoya , Takashima Masamitsu , Takaki Hayato , Hidaka Masaoki , Komori Motohiro , Yoshikawa Yoji , Wakisaka Yoshinobu , Ago Tetsuro , Kitazono Takanari
Published: November 2022

NOX4 is a major reactive oxygen species‐producing enzyme that modulates cell stress responses. We here examined the effect of Nox4 deletion on demyelination–remyelination, the most common pathological change in the brain. We used a model of cuprizone (CPZ)‐associated demyelination–remyelination in wild‐type and Nox4‐deficient (Nox4−/−) mice. While the CPZ‐induced demyelination in the corpus callosum after 4 weeks of CPZ intoxication was slightly less pronounced in Nox4−/− mice than that in wild‐type mice, remyelination following CPZ withdrawal was significantly enhanced in Nox4−/− mice with an increased accumulation of IBA1‐positive microglia/macrophages in the demyelinating corpus callosum. Consistently, locomotor function, as assessed by the beam walking test, was significantly better during the remyelination phase in Nox4−/− mice. Nox4 deletion did not affect autonomous growth of primary‐culture oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Although Nox4 expression was higher in cultured macrophages than in microglia, Nox4−/− microglia and macrophages both showed enhanced phagocytic capacity of myelin debris and produced increased amounts of trophic factors upon phagocytosis. The expression of trophic factors was higher, in parallel with the accumulation of IBA1‐positive cells, in the corpus callosum in Nox4−/− mice than that in wild‐type mice. Nox4 deletion suppressed phagocytosis‐induced increase in mitochondrial membrane potential, enhancing phagocytic capacity of macrophages. Treatment with culture medium of Nox4−/− macrophages engulfing myelin debris, but not that of Nox4−/− astrocytes, enhanced cell growth and expression of myelin‐associated proteins in cultured oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Collectively, Nox4 deletion promoted remyelination after CPZ‐induced demyelination by enhancing microglia/macrophage‐mediated clearance of myelin debris and the production of trophic factors leading to oligodendrogenesis.
Investment‐cash flow sensitivity: Evidence from investment in identifiable intangible and tangible assets activities
Authors: Adu‐Ameyaw Emmanuel , Danso Albert , Uddin Moshfique , Acheampong Samuel
Published: November 2022

In this study, we examine whether investments in fixed (identifiable) intangible assets and tangible assets are sensitive to cash flow and the extent to which this sensitivity differs for firms with different levels of financial constraints. Using both UK private and public firms' data, our overall analysis shows strong positive (negative) effects of cash flow on intangible assets (tangible assets) investments. When we split the data on the basis of listing status, we observe that cash flow is positively (negatively) and significantly related to intangible assets (tangible assets) investments for private firms but not so for public firms. In addition, we further observe that both public and private firms' investments follow a similar pattern when we split our data based on the availability of internal funds. Moreover, we also find that the sensitivity of investment (identifiable intangible assets) to cash flow is higher for young and large private firms but lower for small and old ones. Our results remain similar to other econometric specifications, which account for possible endogeneity issues.
Oxygen vacancy stabilized Bi2O2CO3 nanosheet for CO2 electroreduction at low overpotential enables energy efficient CO‐production of formate
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Chen Yanxu , Liu Rong , Wang Xiaowen , Liu Huanhuan , Zhu Yin , Qian Qizhu , Feng Yafei , Cheng Mingyu , Zhang Genqiang
Published: November 2022

Bismuth‐based electrocatalysts are promising candidates for electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate attributing to the accelerated formation of *OCHO intermediate, while the high‐energy consumption remains a major challenge for practicability. Herein, we present the ultrathin Bi2O2CO3 nanosheets with abundant oxygen vacancy (Vo‐BOC‐NS) reconstructed from S, N‐co‐doped bismuth oxides that can act as durable electrocatalyst for CO2‐to‐formate conversion with faradic efficiency (FEformate) of >95%, partial current density of 286 mA cm−2 with energy efficiency of 73.8% at −0.62 V (vs. RHE) and low overpotential of 200 mV in a flow electrolyzer. The theoretical calculations decipher that the oxygen vacancy can optimize *OCOH adsorption/desorption for the accelerated conversion kinetics. The pair‐electrosynthesis tactic of formate co‐production can enable a superior FEformate of >90% at wide cell voltage of 2–3.3 V and total yield rate of 3742 μmol cm−2 h−1 at 3.3 V, suggesting great potential for future industrialization.

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