bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
« Je leur dis que j’ai deux mamans ? » : carrières de (non-)publicisation de l’homoparentalité à l’école en France
Authors: Olivier Alice
Published: December 2015

Si la recherche s’est intéressée à la formation des familles homoparentales et au développement de leurs enfants, très peu de travaux se sont interrogés sur la manière dont ces derniers gèrent leur situation familiale en milieu scolaire. Pourtant, l’école est vectrice d’hétéronormativité, ce qui soulève de nombreuses questions quant aux attitudes que ces enfants y adoptent : comment y font-ils état de leur situation familiale ? À partir d’entretiens menés en France auprès de 13 filles et garçons âgés de 10 à 19 ans et issus de familles homoparentales de configurations diverses, j’analyse la « (non-)publicisation » de l’atypisme familial dans sa dimension temporelle en la considérant comme une « carrière » séquencée par les différents paliers scolaires traversés. Correspondant à des contextes normatifs bien différents, ces paliers impliquent des manières précises et distinctes de percevoir et donc de publiciser sa famille. Ainsi, l’école élémentaire (de 6 à 11 ans environ) est un espace peu normé par les groupes de pairs dans lequel l’homoparentalité n’est pas perçue comme un stigmate, ce qui explique une large publicisation de la situation familiale. Au collège (de 11 à 15 ans) en revanche, les normes des groupes de pairs se renforcent et confèrent un caractère stigmatisant à cette situation, qui est alors publicisée auprès d’un petit nombre de camarades choisis et masquée à d’autres. Au lycée (de 15 à 18 ans) enfin, l’homoparentalité peut rester perçue comme un stigmate, mais celui-ci est souvent renversé dans une publicisation active de la situation familiale.
Les atermoiements du droit français dans la reconnaissance des familles formées par des couples de femmes
Authors: Brunet Laurence
Published: December 2015

Les juges français sont depuis plusieurs années régulièrement saisis, de la part de couples de femmes, de demandes visant à reconnaître une place à la mère « sociale », par opposition à la mère légale qui est celle ayant accouché de l’enfant. Comment les juges répondent-ils à ces requêtes ? La loi du 17 mai 2013 a ouvert le mariage aux couples de même sexe et autorise en conséquence l’adoption de l’enfant par l’épouse de la mère légale. Mais avant même le vote de cette loi, la jurisprudence avait oeuvré en faveur de la reconnaissance d’un quasi-statut pour la mère « sociale », pendant comme après la fin de la vie commune de couple. Plus d’un an après la première consécration légale en France de la famille homoparentale, un premier bilan mérite d’être dressé.
¿Distribución o reconocimiento? Un análisis a partir de John Rawls
Authors: Aguayo Westwood Pablo Andrés
Published: December 2015

En este artículo defiendo que la concepción rawlsiana de la justicia distributiva va más allá de los márgenes de la justicia asignativa y que esta presenta buenos argumentos para hacer frente a las demandas de reconocimiento. Para alcanzar este objetivo, en primer lugar muestro que algunos críticos del paradigma liberal distributivo malinterpretan la concepción de la justicia distributiva elaborada por Rawls y reducen su finalidad a un mero reparto de bienes. Al hacer lo anterior, ellos no logran comprender la dimensión moral de la propuesta rawlsiana, propuesta firmemente asentada en la idea de reconocimiento. En segundo lugar, analizo la relevancia que tienen las nociones de reconocimiento recíproco y autorrespeto en la teoría de la justicia de Rawls, para finalmente mostrar cómo a partir de ellas se puede reinterpretar la finalidad de la justicia distributiva e incluir las demandas de reconocimiento.Palabras clave: Rawls, justicia asignativa, justicia distributiva, reconocimiento recíproco, autorrespeto.
Grupo Gorgias, Enseñar a debatir: guía para el profesorado, 2013
Authors: Roldán Corrales Jaime
Published: December 2015

Reseña del libro
Sources of noise during accumulation of evidence in unrestrained and voluntarily head-restrained rats
Authors: Scott Benjamin B , Constantinople Christine M , Erlich Jeffrey C , Tank David W , Brody Carlos D
Published: December 2015

Decision-making behavior is often characterized by substantial variability, but its source remains unclear. We developed a visual accumulation of evidence task designed to quantify sources of noise and to be performed during voluntary head restraint, enabling cellular resolution imaging in future studies. Rats accumulated discrete numbers of flashes presented to the left and right visual hemifields and indicated the side that had the greater number of flashes. Using a signal-detection theory-based model, we found that the standard deviation in their internal estimate of flash number scaled linearly with the number of flashes. This indicates a major source of noise that, surprisingly, is not consistent with the widely used 'drift-diffusion modeling' (DDM) approach but is instead closely related to proposed models of numerical cognition and counting. We speculate that this form of noise could be important in accumulation of evidence tasks generally.
AMPylation matches BiP activity to client protein load in the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Preissler Steffen , Rato Cláudia , Chen Ruming , Antrobus Robin , Ding Shujing , Fearnley Ian M , Ron David
Published: December 2015

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized Hsp70 chaperone BiP affects protein folding homeostasis and the response to ER stress. Reversible inactivating covalent modification of BiP is believed to contribute to the balance between chaperones and unfolded ER proteins, but the nature of this modification has so far been hinted at indirectly. We report that deletion of FICD, a gene encoding an ER-localized AMPylating enzyme, abolished detectable modification of endogenous BiP enhancing ER buffering of unfolded protein stress in mammalian cells, whilst deregulated FICD activity had the opposite effect. In vitro, FICD AMPylated BiP to completion on a single residue, Thr518. AMPylation increased, in a strictly FICD-dependent manner, as the flux of proteins entering the ER was attenuated in vivo. In vitro, Thr518 AMPylation enhanced peptide dissociation from BiP 6-fold and abolished stimulation of ATP hydrolysis by J-domain cofactor. These findings expose the molecular basis for covalent inactivation of BiP.
Habitat Restoration as a Key Conservation Lever for Woodland Caribou: A review of restoration programs and key learnings from Alberta
Authors: Bentham Paula , Coupal Brian
Published: December 2015

The Recovery Strategy for the Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), Boreal Population in Canada (EC, 2012), identifies coordinated actions to reclaim woodland caribou habitat as a key step to meeting current and future caribou population objectives. Actions include restoring industrial landscape features such as roads, seismic lines, pipelines, cut-lines, and cleared areas in an effort to reduce landscape fragmentation and the changes in caribou population dynamics associated with changing predator-prey dynamics in highly fragmented landscapes. Reliance on habitat restoration as a recovery action within the federal recovery strategy is high, considering all Alberta populations have less than 65% undisturbed habitat, which is identified in the recovery strategy as a threshold providing a 60% chance that a local population will be self-sustaining. Alberta’s Provincial Woodland Caribou Policy also identifies habitat restoration as a critical component of long-term caribou habitat management. We review and discuss the history of caribou habitat restoration programs in Alberta and present outcomes and highlights of a caribou habitat restoration workshop attended by over 80 representatives from oil and gas, forestry, provincial and federal regulators, academia and consulting who have worked on restoration programs. Restoration initiatives in Alberta began in 2001 and have generally focused on construction methods, revegetation treatments, access control programs, and limiting plant species favourable to alternate prey. Specific treatments include tree planting initiatives, coarse woody debris management along linear features, and efforts for multi-company and multi-stakeholder coordinated habitat restoration on caribou range. Lessons learned from these programs have been incorporated into large scale habitat restoration projects near Grande Prairie, Cold Lake, and Fort McMurray. A key outcome of our review is the opportunity to provide a unified approach for restoration program planning, best practices, key performance indicators, and monitoring considerations for future programs within Canada.
Perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction with enhanced anisotropy obtained by utilizing an Ir/Co interface
Authors: Yakushiji Kay , Kubota Hitoshi , Fukushima Akio , Yuasa Shinji
Published: December 2015

A highly scalable perpendicularly magnetized storage layer of a spin-torque-switching magnetic random-access memory (STT-MRAM) was developed. This storage layer attains a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of above 0.9 erg/cm2 at a thickness of 2 nm. Such high PMA is suitable for pushing STT-MRAM technology beyond the 20 nm node. The key was to realize dual interfacial PMA at both the Ir/Co and FeB/MgO interfaces in the united structure of the storage layer. While a high PMA was retained, a high magnetoresistance ratio (100%) and a low resistance–area product (3.0 Ω µm2) were also achieved.
Biogeographic variation in the microbiome of the ecologically important sponge,Carteriospongia foliascens
Authors: Luter Heidi M. , Widder Stefanie , Botté Emmanuelle S. , Abdul Wahab Muhammad , Whalan Stephen , Moitinho-Silva Lucas , Thomas Torsten , Webster Nicole S.
Published: December 2015

Sponges are well known for hosting dense and diverse microbial communities, but how these associations vary with biogeography and environment is less clear. Here we compared the microbiome of an ecologically important sponge species,Carteriospongia foliascens, over a large geographic area and identified environmental factors likely responsible for driving microbial community differences between inshore and offshore locations using co-occurrence networks (NWs). The microbiome ofC. foliascensexhibited exceptionally high microbial richness, with more than 9,000 OTUs identified at 97% sequence similarity. A large biogeographic signal was evident at the OTU level despite similar phyla level diversity being observed across all geographic locations. TheC. foliascensbacterial community was primarily comprised ofGammaproteobacteria(34.2% ± 3.4%) andCyanobacteria(32.2% ± 3.5%), with lower abundances ofAlphaproteobacteria,Bacteroidetes, unidentifiedProteobacteria,Actinobacteria,AcidobacteriaandDeltaproteobacteria. Co-occurrence NWs revealed a consistent increase in the proportion ofCyanobacteriaoverBacteroidetesbetween turbid inshore and oligotrophic offshore locations, suggesting that the specialist microbiome ofC. foliascensis driven by environmental factors.
Differential scanning calorimetry of wholeEscherichia colitreated with the antimicrobial peptide MSI-78 indicate a multi-hit mechanism with ribosomes as a novel target
Authors: Brannan Alexander M. , Whelan William A. , Cole Emma , Booth Valerie
Published: December 2015

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) of intactEscherichia coli (E. coli)was used to identify non-lipidic targets of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) MSI-78. The DSC thermograms revealed that, in addition to its known lytic properties, MSI-78 also has a striking effect on ribosomes. MSI-78’s effect on DSC scans of bacteria was similar to that of kanamycin, an antibiotic drug known to target the 30S small ribosomal subunit. Anin vitrotranscription/translation assay helped confirm MSI-78’s targeting of ribosomes. The scrambled version of MSI-78 also affected the ribosome peak of the DSC scans, but required greater amounts of peptide to cause a similar effect to the unscrambled peptide. Furthermore, the effect of the scrambled peptide was not specific to the ribosomes; other regions of the DSC thermogram were also affected. These results suggest that MSI-78’s effects onE. coliare at least somewhat dependent on its particular structural features, rather than a sole function of its overall charge and hydrophobicity. When considered along with earlier work detailing MSI-78’s membrane lytic properties, it appears that MSI-78 operates via a multi-hit mechanism with multiple targets.
Screening Mammography for 40-Year-Old Women—Whose Decision?
Authors: Kerlikowske Karla , Esserman Laura , Tice Jeffrey A.
Published: September 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the potential risks and benefits for starting screening at 40 rather than 50 years of age and whether clinicians or patients should decide based on risk rather than age.
Psychiatric Safety of Semaglutide for Weight Management in People Without Known Major Psychopathology
Authors: Wadden Thomas A. , Brown Gregory K. , Egebjerg Christina , Frenkel Ofir , Goldman Bryan , Kushner Robert F. , McGowan Barbara , Overvad Maria , Fink-Jensen Anders
Published: September 2024

Importance

Obesity is associated with numerous psychosocial complications, making psychiatric safety a consideration for treating people with obesity. Few studies have investigated the psychiatric safety of newly available antiobesity medications.

Objective

To evaluate the psychiatric safety of subcutaneous semaglutide, 2.4 mg, once weekly in people without known major psychopathology.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This post hoc analysis of pooled data from the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase 3a STEP 1, 2, and 3 trials (68 weeks; 2018-2020) and phase 3b STEP 5 trial (104 weeks; 2018-2021) included adults with overweight or obesity; STEP 2 participants also had type 2 diabetes. Trial designs have been published previously.

Interventions

Semaglutide, 2.4 mg, vs placebo.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation/behavior were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Columbia–Suicide Severity Rating Scale, respectively. Psychiatric and nervous system disorder adverse events were investigated.

Results

This analysis included 3377 participants in the STEP 1, 2, and 3 trials (2360 women [69.6%]; mean [SD] age, 49 [13] years) and 304 participants in STEP 5 (236 women [77.6%]; mean [SD] age, 47 [11] years). In the STEP 1, 2, and 3 trials, mean (SD) baseline PHQ-9 scores for the semaglutide, 2.4 mg, and placebo groups were 2.0 (2.3) and 1.8 (2.3), respectively, indicating no/minimal symptoms of depression. PHQ-9 scores at week 68 were 2.0 (2.9) and 2.4 (3.3), respectively; the estimated treatment difference (95% CI) between groups was −0.56 (−0.81 to −0.32) (P < .001). Participants treated with semaglutide vs placebo were less likely to shift (from baseline to week 68) to a more severe category of PHQ-9 depression (odds ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.50-0.79; P < .001). Based on the Columbia–Suicide Severity Rating Scale, 1% or fewer of participants reported suicidal ideation/behavior during treatment, with no differences between semaglutide, 2.4 mg, and placebo. Psychiatric disorder adverse events were generally balanced between groups. Similar results were observed in STEP 5.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this post hoc analysis suggest that treatment with semaglutide, 2.4 mg, did not increase the risk of developing symptoms of depression or suicidal ideation/behavior vs placebo and was associated with a small but statistically significant reduction in depressive symptoms (not considered clinically meaningful). People with obesity should be monitored for mental health concerns so they can receive appropriate support and care.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: STEP 1 (NCT03548935), 2 (NCT03552757), 3 (NCT03611582), and 5 (NCT03693430)
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Use and Risk of Suicide Death
Authors: Ueda Peter , Söderling Jonas , Wintzell Viktor , Svanström Henrik , Pazzagli Laura , Eliasson Björn , Melbye Mads , Hviid Anders , Pasternak Björn
Published: September 2024

Importance

Concerns have been raised regarding a link between use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and increased risk of suicidality and self-harm.

Objective

To assess the association between use of GLP-1 receptor agonists and the risk of suicide death in routine clinical practice.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This active-comparator new-user cohort study used nationwide register data from Sweden and Denmark from 2013 to 2021. Adults 18 to 84 years old who initiated treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists or the comparator sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were included. Data were analyzed from March to June 2024.

Exposure

Initiation of treatment with a GLP-1 receptor agonist or SGLT2 inhibitor.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was suicide death recorded in the cause of death registers. Secondary outcomes were the composite of suicide death and nonfatal self-harm and the composite of incident depression and anxiety-related disorders. Using propensity score weighting, hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were calculated separately in the 2 countries and pooled in a meta-analysis.

Results

In total, 124 517 adults initiated a GLP-1 receptor agonist and 174 036 initiated an SGLT2 inhibitor; among GLP-1 receptor agonist users, the mean (SD) age was 60 (13) years, and 45% were women. During a mean (SD) follow-up of 2.5 (1.7) years, 77 suicide deaths occurred among users of GLP-1 receptor agonists and 71 suicide deaths occurred among users of SGLT2 inhibitors: weighted incidences were 0.23 vs 0.18 events per 1000 person-years (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.83-1.88), with an absolute difference of 0.05 (95% CI, −0.03 to 0.16) events per 1000 person-years. The HR was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.70-0.97) for suicide death and nonfatal self-harm, and the HR was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.97-1.06) for incident depression and anxiety-related disorders.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study, including mostly patients with type 2 diabetes, does not show an association between use of GLP-1 receptor agonists and an increased risk of suicide death, self-harm, or incident depression and anxiety-related disorders. Suicide death among GLP-1 receptor agonist users was rare, and the upper limit of the confidence interval was compatible with an absolute risk increase of no more than 0.16 events per 1000 person-years.
A Unique Case of Opioid-Induced Myoclonus
Authors: Rachão Augusto , Pereira Pedro , Grunho Miguel
Published: September 2024

This case report describes a case of opioid-induced myoclonus.
State-to-State Variation in Rates and Causes of Child and Adolescent Mortality in the US
Authors: Weigend Vargas Eugenio , Stallworth Philip , Carter Patrick M. , Goldstick Jason E.
Published: September 2024

This cross-sectional study uses national mortality data to evaluate state variations in rates and causes of child and adolescent deaths.
Screen Use at Bedtime and Sleep Duration and Quality Among Youths
Authors: Brosnan Bradley , Haszard Jillian J. , Meredith-Jones Kim A. , Wickham Shay-Ruby , Galland Barbara C. , Taylor Rachael W.
Published: September 2024

Importance

Although questionnaire-based cross-sectional research suggests that screen time before bed correlates with poor sleep, self-reported data seem unlikely to capture the complexity of modern screen use, requiring objective night-by-night measures to advance this field.

Objective

To examine whether evening screen time is associated with sleep duration and quality that night in youths.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This repeated-measures cohort study was performed from March to December 2021 in participant homes in Dunedin, New Zealand. Participants included healthy youths aged 11 to 14.9 years. Data were analyzed from October to November 2023.

Exposure

Objectively measured screen time, captured using wearable or stationary video cameras from 2 hours before bedtime until the first time the youth attempted sleep (shut-eye time) over 4 nonconsecutive nights. Video data were coded using a reliable protocol (κ = 0.92) to quantify device (8 options [eg, smartphone]) and activity (10 options [eg, social media]) type.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Sleep duration and quality were measured objectively via wrist-worn accelerometers. The association of screen use with sleep measures was analyzed on a night-by-night basis using mixed-effects regression models including participant as a random effect and adjusted for weekends.

Results

Of the 79 participants (47 [59.5%] male; mean [SD] age, 12.9 [1.1] years), all but 1 had screen time before bed. Screen use in the 2 hours before bed had no association with most measures of sleep health that night (eg, mean difference in total sleep time, 0 minutes [95% CI, –3 to 20 minutes] for every 10 minutes more total screen time). All types of screen time were associated with delayed sleep onset but particularly interactive screen use (mean difference, 10 minutes; 95% CI, 4 to 16 minutes for every additional 10 minutes of interactive screen time). Every 10 minutes of additional screen time in bed was associated with shorter total sleep time (mean difference, –3 minutes; 95% CI, –6 to –1 minute). The mean difference in total sleep time was −9 minutes (95% CI, −16 to −2 minutes) for every 10 minutes of interactive screen use and −4 minutes (95% CI, −7 to 0 minutes) for passive screen use. In particular, gaming (mean difference, –17 minutes; 95% CI, –28 to –7 minutes for every 10 minutes of gaming) and multitasking (mean difference, −35 minutes; 95% CI, –67 to –4 minutes on nights with vs without multitasking) were associated with less total sleep time.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this repeated-measures cohort study, use of an objective method showed that screen time once in bed was associated with impairment of sleep, especially when screen time was interactive or involved multitasking. These findings suggest that current sleep hygiene recommendations to restrict all screen time before bed seem neither achievable nor appropriate.
What I Have Learned in the Last 24 Years Being Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Rivara Frederick P.
Published: September 2024

This Viewpoint describes the author’s experience as an editor-in-chief.
Optogenetic control of early embryos labeling using photoactivatable Cre recombinase 3.0
Authors: Morikawa Kumi , Nagasaki Akira , Sun Lue , Kawase Eihachiro , Ebihara Tatsuhiko , Shirayoshi Yasuaki
Published: September 2024

Establishing a highly efficient photoactivatable Cre recombinase PA‐Cre3.0 can allow spatiotemporal control of Cre recombinase activity. This technique may help to elucidate cell lineages, as well as facilitate gene and cell function analysis during development. This study examined the blue light‐mediated optical regulation of Cre‐loxP recombination using PA‐Cre3.0 transgenic early mouse pre‐implantation embryos. We found that inducing PA‐Cre3.0 expression in the heterozygous state did not show detectable recombination activation with blue light. Conversely, in homozygous embryos, DNA recombination by PA‐Cre3.0 was successfully induced by blue light and resulted in the activation of the red fluorescent protein reporter gene, while almost no leaks of Cre recombination activity were detected in embryos without light illumination. Thus, we characterize the conditions under which the PA‐Cre3.0 system functions efficiently in early mouse embryos. These results are expected to provide a new optogenetic tool for certain biological studies, such as developmental process analysis and lineage tracing in early mouse embryos.
Robust van der Waals Metal Mask for Residue‐Free and All‐Solid 2D Material Engineering
Authors: Hong Chengyun , Dat Vu Khac , Nguyen Minh Chien , Yu Woo Jong , Kim Ji‐Hee
Published: September 2024

The van der Waals (vdW) contact, characterized by its bondless interactions, opens up exciting possibilities in cutting‐edge mask technology. It enables incredibly close proximity to samples at the atomic level while facilitating non‐destructive engineering. In this study, the concept of a vdW metal mask using the template striped ultra‐flat Ag/Au film is introduced. The probe tip‐assisted metal film transfer under an optical microscope is employed to showcase all‐solid and residue‐free engineering on 2D materials. The robust nature of the vdW metal mask allows for various treatments, including gas, liquid, solid, plasma, and light, making it a universal tool for fabricating 2D material‐based devices and samples with sub‐1 µm resolution, all without the need for lithography technologies. With the superiority in simple sample fabrication, ultra‐clean surfaces, and robustness under harsh conditions, the technique is believed to flourish in the 2D material research field.
A Super‐Foldable Lithium‐Ion Full Battery
Authors: Dong Kangze , Zan Guangtao , Zhou Junchen , Manshaii Farid , Pu Shu , Chai Shanshan , Baik Jeong Min , Wu Qingsheng , Wen Ming , Wu Tong , Chen Jun
Published: September 2024

Developing foldable power sources with simple transport and storage remains a significant challenge and an urgent need for the advancement of next‐generation wearable bioelectronics. In this study, super‐foldable lithium‐ion batteries are developed by integrating biomimetic methods, which effectively address the challenges of stress dispersion and mark a breakthrough in the field of super‐foldable devices. A synchronous three‐level biomimetic coupling technology is introduced and employed a strategy of radial compounding, gel‐electrostatic molding, and temperature‐programmed co‐pyrolysis. This approach allows us to simultaneously prepare a super‐foldable multi‐level “lotus structure” cathode and a highly compatible super‐foldable “peapods” structure anode. Remarkably, even after 500 000 cycles of repeated folding tests, the full battery maintains a high level of capacity stability, and the galvanostatic charge/discharge curves also exhibit a high degree of consistency. Furthermore, this battery can power an LED clock for over 2870 continuous minutes while undergoing in situ dynamic reciprocating folding, highlighting its substantial promise for practical applications. The super‐foldable battery represents a full‐chain innovation, extending from the super‐foldable substrate to the super‐foldable electrodes, and culminating in a super‐foldable full battery.
Heterogeneous Nucleation and Enhanced Charge Transfer via Amorphous Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chu Weicun , Nie Riming , Chen Xiaokai , Wang Cheng , Gao Jiaxing , Wei Zeliang , Li Luyao , Dai Yiming , Wang Xiaofan , Tian Bingkun , Qiao Ruixi , Zhao Xiaoming , Li Bowen , Guo Wanlin
Published: September 2024

The two‐step sequential deposition method is considered a potential way for the large‐scale manufacture of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with high power conversion efficiency and reproducibility. However, the dense lead iodide (PbI2) film interferes with its full contact with organic solutions, resulting in an inadequate reaction at the interface. Herein, 2 kinds of metal‐organic framework (MOF) are introduced, amorphous Ni‐MOF‐74 (amNi‐MOF‐74) and crystalline Zn‐MOF‐74 (crZn‐MOF‐74), into PbI2 for regulating crystallization. Compared to crZn‐MOF‐74, the incorporation of amNi‐MOF‐74 exhibited rapid nucleation, resulting in high‐quality perovskite films with large grain size, low trap density, and enhanced charge transfer between the perovskite and charge transfer layers. Meanwhile, the content of unstable phase PbI2 left in perovskite films due to insufficient reaction is also reduced. The amNi‐MOF‐74 modified PSCs exhibited a champion power conversion efficiency of 24.17% with good humidity and thermal stability. The unencapsulated device maintains 90% of its initial efficiency after 1000 h storage in dark ambient conditions with ≈30% relative humidity. This strategy provides an effective approach for promoting the crystallization process of perovskite and fabricating efficient and stable PSCs.
Recycling Single‐Crystal Perovskite Solar Cells With Improved Efficiency and Stability
Authors: Liu Nianqiao , Li Ning , Jiang Changke , Han Delong , Dai Jitao , Niu Yawei , Dou Yunjie , Chen Shangshang , Chen Yimu , Chen Zhaolai , Tao Xutang
Published: September 2024

Metal halide perovskite single crystals are promising for photovoltaic applications due to their outstanding properties. However, the high surface trap density causes severe nonradiative recombination and ion migration, hindering device performance and stability. Herein, mitigation of the deficient crystal surface is reported by optimized polishing engineering, resulting in stoichiometric lead‐iodine ratio with reduced iodide ion vacancies, increased ion migration activation energy, and suppressed nonradiative recombination. As a result, Cs0.05FA0.95PbI3 (FA = formamidinium) devices exhibit an impressive efficiency of 23.1%, which is one of the highest values for single‐crystal perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Moreover, multiple recycling of the degraded single‐crystal PSCs with higher efficiency and stability is achieved by removing the deteriorated surface, validating crystal surface dominates device degradation while the role of bulk and buried interface is negligible, which is different from polycrystalline devices. The T85 lifetime (remain 85% of initial efficiency) of Cs0.05FA0.95PbI3 devices increases to 1150 h after the recycling process, which is much better than that of previously reported single‐crystal PSCs. Since deficient crystal surface and ion migration are universal issues of perovskite materials, this work will promote the development of stable single‐crystal PSCs and other optoelectronic devices, such as X‐ray detectors, light‐emitting diodes, etc.
Carbon and MXene Dual Confinement and Dense Structural Engineering Toward Construct High Performance Micron‐SiOx Anode for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fu Ning , Liu Zhenjun , Shen Bingxin , Shao Wei , Wang Tiantian , Zhao Huihui , Wang Jing , Chen Qing , Luo Jiahuan , Liu Ying , Yang Zhenglong
Published: September 2024

The intrinsic low conductivity, low tap density, and huge volume expansion during lithium storage severely restrict the practicality of micron‐silicon suboxide (m‐SiOx). Here, a carbon and MXene dual confinement and dense structural engineering strategy is proposed to construct m‐SiOx composites (m‐SiOx@C/MXene) through in situ carbon coating and electrostatic self‐assembly process. This integrated structural achieves a conductivity of 157 S cm−1 for m‐SiOx@C/MXene, which is 7 and 2 orders of magnitude higher than m‐SiOx (5.3 × 10−5 S cm−1) and m‐SiOx@C (2.9 S cm−1), respectively. The tap density of m‐SiOx@C/MXene reaches 1.35 g cm−3, significantly greater than that of m‐SiOx (0.82 g cm−3) and m‐SiOx@C (0.75 g cm−3). The 29% volume expansion of m‐SiOx@C/MXene during lithium storage is much lower than the 228% and 162% of m‐SiOx and m‐SiOx@C. The synergistic effect of the above advantages enables m‐SiOx@C/MXene to exhibit excellent rate performance and cycle stability. When assembled into a full cell with the LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode, it features high capacity retention and energy density of 99.1% and 380 Wh kg−1 after 100 cycles at 0.2 C. This work provides new reference for the stable structural design of m‐SiOx or other materials with huge volume expansion during energy storage.
Field‐Induced Butterfly‐Like Anisotropic Magnetoresistance in a Kagome Semimetal Co3In2S2
Authors: Lv Senhao , Guo Hui , Qi Qi , Li Yuhui , Hu Guojing , Zheng Qi , Wang Ruwen , Si Nan , Zhu Ke , Zhao Zhen , Han Yechao , Yu Weiqi , Xian Guoyu , Huang Li , Bao Lihong , Lin Xiao , Pan Jinbo , Du Shixuan , He Jun , Yang Haitao , Gao Hong‐Jun
Published: September 2024

With the interplay between magnetism and topological bands, magnetic kagome semimetals provide promising platforms for exploring exotic correlated electronic states and quantum phenomena such as anomalous Hall effect, quantum spin liquid, and unconventional magnetoresistance, as well as driving advances in electronic and spintronic applications. Here, a field‐induced butterfly‐like anomalous anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) effect in an intriguing kagome semimetal Co3In2S2 is reported. The kagome‐lattice Co3In2S2 single crystals are synthesized via a polycrystal‐source chemical vapor transport approach, possessing a high carrier mobility reaching 104 cm2V−1s−1. The Co3In2S2 single crystal exhibits a canted antiferromagnetic state below 5 K, but intriguingly, it is easily transformed into a ferromagnetic state under a small external magnetic field. Furthermore, the planar Hall effect (PHE) is detected, stemming from the complex contribution of field‐induced ferromagnetism and orbital magnetoresistance. Remarkably, as the magnetic field increases, the low‐temperature magnetoresistance behavior of the Co3In2S2 reveals a butterfly‐like AMR effect with a maximum value of 850%, exhibiting a superposition of the two‐, four‐, and six‐fold AMR terms. Band structure calculations suggest that such a field‐induced butterfly‐like AMR effect may originate from the modulations of the electronic structure near the Fermi level by the magnetic moment. The findings offer a valuable platform for understanding the anomalous AMR effect and for the development of advanced spintronic devices.
Promoting Reaction Kinetics and Boosting Sodium Storage Capability via Constructing Stable Heterostructures for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Chunrong , Tang Xiao , Ben Haoxi , Jiang Wei , Shao Xinyu , Wang Guoxiu , Sun Bing
Published: September 2024

Constructing heterostructures containing multiple active components is proven to be an efficient strategy for enhancing the sodium storage capability of anode materials in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, performance enhancement is often attributed to the unclear synergistic effects among the active components. A comprehensive understanding of the reaction mechanisms on the interfaces at the atomic level remains elusive. Herein, the carbon‐coated Fe3Se4/CoSe (Fe3Se4/CoSe‐C) anode material as a model featuring atomic‐scale contact interfaces is synthesized. This unique heterogeneous architecture offers an adjustable electronic structure, which facilitates rapid reaction kinetics and enhances structural integrity. In situ microscopic and ex situ spectral characterization techniques, along with theoretical simulations, confirm that the heterointerface with strong electric fields promotes Na+ ion migration. Based on solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, an interface charge storage mechanism is revealed, resulting in the enhanced specific capacity of the anode materials. When employed as an anode in SIBs, the Fe3Se4/CoSe‐C electrode demonstrates excellent rate capabilities (218 mAh g−1 at 7 A g−1) and prolonged cycling stability (258 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 1000 cycles). This work highlights the significance of heterointerface engineering in electrode material design for rechargeable batteries.
Ultra‐Photostable Bacterial‐Seeking Near‐Infrared CPDs for Simultaneous NIR‐II Bioimaging and Antibacterial Therapy
Authors: Duan Jingyi , Li Baosheng , Liu Yanqun , Han Tianyang , Ye Fengming , Xia Huan , Liu Kaifeng , He Jie , Wang Xueke , Cai Qing , Meng Weiyan , Zhu Shoujun
Published: September 2024

Bacterial infections can pose significant health risks as they have the potential to cause a range of illnesses. These infections can spread rapidly and lead to complications if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a probe to selectively target and image pathogenic bacteria while simultaneously killing them, as there are currently no effective clinical solutions available. This study presents a novel approach using near‐infrared carbonized polymer dots (NIR‐CPDs) for simultaneous in vivo imaging and treatment of bacterial infections. The core–shell structure of the NIR‐CPDs facilitates their incorporation into bacterial cell membranes, leading to an increase in fluorescence brightness and photostability. Significantly, the NIR‐CPDs exhibit selective bacterial‐targeting properties, specifically identifying Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) while sparing Escherichia coli (E. coli). Moreover, under 808 nm laser irradiation, the NIR‐CPDs exhibit potent photodynamic effects by generating reactive oxygen species that target and damage bacterial membranes. In vivo experiments on infected mouse models demonstrate not only precise imaging capabilities but also significant therapeutic efficacy, with marked improvements in wound healing. The study provides the dual‐functional potential of NIR‐CPDs as a highly effective tool for the advancement of medical diagnostics and therapeutics in the fight against bacterial infections.
Dual‐Factor‐Controlled Dynamic Precursors Enable On‐Demand Thermoset Degradation and Recycling
Authors: Lei Zepeng , Wang Zirui , Jiang Huan , Cahn Jackson R. , Chen Hongxuan , Huang Shaofeng , Jin Yinghua , Wang Xiaohui , Yu Kai , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2024

Thermosets are well known for their advantages such as high stability and chemical resistance. However, developing sustainable thermosets with degradability and recyclability faces several principal challenges, including reconciling the desired characteristics during service with the recycling and reprocessing properties required at the end of life, establishing efficient methods for large‐scale synthesis, and aligning with current manufacturing process. Here a general strategy is presented for the on‐demand degradation and recycling of thermosets under mild conditions utilizing dynamic precursors with dual‐factor‐controlled reversibility. Specifically, dynamic triazine crosslinkers are introduced through dynamic nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) into the precursor polyols used in polyurethane (PU) synthesis. Upon removal of the catalyst and alcohol, the reversibility of SNAr is deactivated, allowing for the use of standard PU polymerization techniques such as injection molding, casting, and foaming. The resulting cyanurate‐crosslinked PUs maintain high stability and diverse mechanical properties of traditional crosslinked PUs, yet offer the advantage of easy on‐demand depolymerization for recycling by activating the reversibility of SNAr under specific but mild conditions—a combination of base, alcohol, and mild heat. It is envisioned that this approach, involving the pre‐installation of dual‐factor‐controlled dynamic crosslinkers, can be broadly applied to current thermosetting plastic manufacturing processes, introducing enhanced sustainability.
Advancements in Atomically Precise Nanocluster Protected by Thiacalix[4]arene
Authors: Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Wang Zhi , Mohan Brij , Tung Chen‐Ho , Sun Di
Published: September 2024

Coinage metal nanoclusters (NCs), comprising a few to several hundred atoms, are prized for their size‐dependent properties crucial in catalysis, sensing, and biomedicine. However, their practical application is often hindered by stability and reactivity challenges. Thiacalixarene, a macrocyclic ligand, shows promise in stabilizing silver, copper, and bimetallic NCs, enhancing their structural integrity and chemical stability. This investigation delves into the unique properties of thiacalix[4]arene and their role in bolstering NC stability, catalytic efficiency, and sensing capabilities. The current challenges and future prospects are critically evaluated, underscoring the transformative impact of thiacalix[4]arene in nanoscience. This review aims to broaden the utilization of atomically precise coinage metal NCs, unlocking new avenues across scientific and industrial applications.
Robust Imidazole‐Linked Covalent Organic Framework Enabling Crystallization Regulation and Bulk Defect Passivation for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: He Zhengyan , Luan Tianxiang , Zhang Shufang , Wei Qilin , Huang Dan , Wang Lingyun , Wang Yu , Li Peizhou , Yu William W.
Published: September 2024

The low crystallinity of the perovskite layers and many defects at grain boundaries within the bulk phase and at interfaces are considered huge barriers to the attainment of high performance and stability in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a robust photoelectric imidazole‐linked porphyrin‐based covalent organic framework (PyPor‐COF) is introduced to precisely control the perovskite crystallization process and effectively passivate defects at grain boundaries through a sequential deposition method. The 1D porous channels, abundant active sites, and high crystallization orientation of PyPor‐COF offer advantages for regulating the crystallization of PbI2 and eliminating defects. Moreover, the intrinsic electronic characteristics of PyPor‐COF endow a more closely matched energy level arrangement within the perovskite layer, which promotes charge transport and thereby suppresses the recombination of photogenerated carriers. The champion PSCs containing PyPor‐COF achieved power conversion efficiencies of 24.10% (0.09 cm2) and 20.81% (1.0 cm2), respectively. The unpackaged optimized device is able to maintain its initial efficiency of 80.39% even after being exposed to air for 2000 h. The device also exhibits excellent heating stability and light stability. This work gives a new impetus to the development of highly efficient and stable PSCs via employing COFs.
Low‐Cost Surrogate Modeling for Expedited Data Acquisition of Reconfigurable Metasurfaces
Authors: Zhang Jun Wei , Dai Jun Yan , Wu Geng‐Bo , Lu Ying Juan , Cao Wan Wan , Liang Jing Cheng , Wu Jun Wei , Wang Manting , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Jia Nan , Cheng Qiang , Chan Chi Hou , Cui Tie Jun
Published: September 2024

In recent years, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have been widely used to break the metasurface’s performance ceiling. However, the existing data‐driven ML and DL methods usually require the availability of vast amounts of training data to ensure their stable and accurate performance. The process of acquiring these data is high‐cost due to the need for numerous full‐wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations. Here, we  propose a low‐cost surrogate model to generate these data efficiently. The proposed model employs microwave network theory to separate meta‐elements into four independent components. Through integration with transmission line theory, we  derive the EM responses of meta‐elements using analytical representation with the active device equivalent impedance and dielectric as design variables. Two typical phase‐modulation active meta‐elements are employed to verify the accuracy of our  macromodel in comparison with full‐wave EM simulations. Based on the developed macromodel, the superior prediction ability is further presented to illustrate the performance of meta‐elements with various active devices and dielectric substrates. The proposed macromodel is a feasible and general method to rapidly obtain the necessary training data of active meta‐elements, which holds a great potential to significantly reduce the designing time of ML and DL models for the active metasurfaces.
Low Dark Current, High Responsivity, and Self‐Powered MoTe2 Photodetector Integrated With a Thin Film Lithium Niobate Waveguide
Authors: Yang Fan , Hu Youtian , Ou Jiale , Li Qingyun , Zang Zhenjun , Fang Jiongwen , Chen Jiamin , Han Huangpu , Cai Changlong , Ruan Shuangchen , Xiang Bingxi
Published: September 2024

Thin film lithium niobate is one of the most crucial platforms in the next generation of integrated optoelectronics because of its ability to integrate tight optical confinement, low optical loss, and active optical functions. A current challenge in the field of thin film lithium niobate photonics is the development of high‐performance photodetectors to achieve multifunctional photonic integrated circuits. This study introduces a high‐performance MoTe2 photodetector integrated on a thin film lithium niobate waveguide. The photodetector achieves the lowest dark current and highest on/off ratio among waveguide‐integrated photodetectors on a thin film lithium niobate platform. Due to a slight asymmetry in the behavior of the two electrode contacts of the device, the photodetector also achieves self‐driven. At zero bias and a wavelength of 1310 nm, a dark current of ≈20 pA, and an on/off ratio exceeding 105 are achieved. At a bias voltage of 1 V, the measured dark current, responsivity, and on/off ratio are 1.13 nA, 309 mA/W, and 1.8 × 104, respectively. Notably, the device exhibits fast rise and fall times of 9.3 and 13.5 µs, respectively, accompanied by a high detectivity of 2.58 × 1011 W−1.
Toward Controllable Self‐Reduction of Mn4+ to Mn2+ by Lanthanide Ions for Luminescence Based Colorimetric Sensing of Temperature
Authors: Zheng Liwen , Yang Yuxin , Wu Hao , Wu Huajun , Pan Guo‐Hui , Luo Yongshi , Hao Zhendong , Zhang Liangliang , Zhang Jiahua
Published: September 2024

Luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) based optical thermometers have attracted lots of attention. In case of color tunable luminescence with the variation of LIR, “RGB colorimetry” based on convenient temperature sensing using a smartphone or digital camera is available. However, narrow emission bands with primary colors are needed for avoiding color crosstalk and achieving high sensitivities. In this paper, Mn4+ and Mn2+ coactivated CaAl12O19 (CAO) phosphors are reported that show a narrow red emission of Mn4+ and green one of Mn2+ with the number of the two ions controlled by lanthanide ions through manipulation of self‐reduction of Mn4+ to Mn2+ in air. The self‐reduction in CAO via the addition of Ce4+ is mainly studied. First‐principles calculation shows that the self‐reduction is driven by Ca vacancies that are produced in aliovalent substitution of Ce4+ for Ca2+ and can reduce the formation energy of Mn2+. The comparative study of temperature sensing based on LIR and RG colorimetry is conducted. The relative sensitivity based on LIR is high as 4.5% K−1 at 373 K and that for RG colorimetry can reach 2% K−1 at 350 K. These findings provide a strategy for manipulation of manganese valance states and a phosphor for RG colorimetry temperature sensing.
Distinct Immune Homeostasis Remodeling Patterns after HLA‐Matched and Haploidentical Transplantation
Authors: Guo Huidong , Guo Liping , Wang Bixia , Jiang Xinya , Wu Zhigui , Mo Xiao‐Dong , Sun Yu‐Qian , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Zhi‐Dong , Kong Jun , Yan Chen‐Hua , Huang Xiao‐Jun
Published: September 2024

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) is a widely used treatment for a variety of hematopoietic disorders, and also provides a valuable platform for investigating the development of donor‐derived immune cells in recipients post‐HSCT. The immune system remodels from the donor to the recipient during allo‐HSCT. However, little is known about the cell profile alterations as donor homeostasis rebalances to recipient homeostasis following HSCT. Here, multi‐omics technology is applied at both the single cell and bulk sample levels, as well as spectrum flow cytometry and fluorescent transgenic mouse models, to dissect the dynamics of the rebalanced homeostatic immune system in recipients after allo‐HSCT. The data reveal that all immune subpopulations observed in donors are successfully restored in recipients, though with varying levels of abundance. The remodeling of immune homeostasis exhibits different patterns in HLA‐matched and haploidentical HSCT, highlighting distinct biases in T cell reconstitution from the central and peripheral pathways. Furthermore, ZNF683 is critical for maintaining the persistence and quiescence of CD8 T‐cell in haploidentical HSCT. The research can serve as a foundation for developing novel strategies to induce immune tolerance.