bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional tongue reconstruction with the anterolateral thigh flap
Authors: Wang Xue , Yan Guangqi , Zhang Guirong , Li Jiqiang , Liu Jihui , Zhang Yang
Published: November 2013

Background

A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the advantages of anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap in tongue reconstruction.

Method

From September 2008 to February 2012, patients receiving ALT flap tongue reconstruction were included in the study. Patients undergoing ALT flap were compared with those undergoing similar surgery with radial forearm flap (RFF). The medical records of the included patients were reviewed, and a questionnaire was used to assess acceptability of the surgery.

Results

All flaps (both ALT and RFF) were successful In the ALT group, most patients were satisfied with the appearance of the reconstructed tongue and the intelligibility of their speech, and there were fewer complications with this technique compared with the RFF.

Conclusion

The ALT flap is an ideal method for tongue reconstruction. The thickness and volume of the ALT flap can be adjusted based on the individual extent of the defect, and it can not only provide bulk but also ensure mobility, and it has other advantages also, including a long pedicle and low donor site morbidity.
Highly uniform hole spacing micro brushes based on aligned carbon nanotube arrays
Authors: Yang Zhi , Zhu Xingzhong , Huang Xiaolu , Cheng Yingwu , Liu Yun , Geng Huijuan , Wu Yue , Su Yanjie , Wei Hao , Zhang Yafei
Published: November 2013

Highly uniform hole spacing micro brushes were fabricated based on aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays synthesized by chemical vapor deposition method with the assistance of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template. Different micro brushes from CNT arrays were constructed on silicon, glass, and polyimide substrates, respectively. The micro brushes had highly uniform hole spacing originating from the regularly periodic pore structure of AAO template. The CNT arrays, serving as bristles, were firmly grafted on the substrates. The brushes can easily clean particles with scale of micrometer on the surface of silicon wafer and from the narrow spaces between the electrodes in a series of cleaning experiments. The results show the potential application of the CNT micro brushes as a cleaning tool in microelectronics manufacture field.
Hybrid viscosity CQ method for finding a common solution of a variational inequality, a general system of variational inequalities, and a fixed point problem
Authors: Ceng Lu-Chuan , Guu Sy-Ming , Yao Jen-Chih
Published: November 2013

In the literature, various iterative methods have been proposed for finding a common solution of the classical variational inequality problem and a fixed point problem. Research along these lines is performed either by relaxing the assumptions on the mappings in the settings (for instance, commonly seen assumptions for the mapping involved in the fixed point problem are nonexpansive or strictly pseudocontractive) or by adding a general system of variational inequalities into the settings. In this paper, we consider both possible ways in our settings. Specifically, we propose an iterative method for finding a common solution of the classical variational inequality problem, a general system of variational inequalities and a fixed point problem of a uniformly continuous asymptotically strictly pseudocontractive mapping in the intermediate sense. Our iterative method is hybridized by utilizing the well-known extragradient method, the CQ method, the Mann-type iterative method and the viscosity approximation method. The iterates yielded by our method converge strongly to a common solution of these three problems. In addition, we propose a hybridized extragradient-like method to yield iterates converging weakly to a common solution of these three problems.

MSC:49J30, 47H09, 47J20.
On certain hypergeometric identities deducible by using the beta integral method
Authors: Ibrahim Adel K , Rakha Medhat A , Rathie Arjun K
Published: November 2013

The aim of this research paper is to demonstrate how one can obtain eleven new and interesting hypergeometric identities (in the form of a single result) from the old ones by mainly applying the well-known beta integral method which was used successfully and systematically by Krattenthaler and Rao in their well known, very interesting research papers. The results are derived with the help of generalization of a quadratic transformation formula due to Kummer very recently obtained by Kim et al. Several identities, including one obtained earlier by Krattenthaler and Rao, follow special cases of our main findings. The results established in this paper are simple, interesting, easily established and may be potentially useful.

MSC: 33C05, 33C20, 33C70.
Indigenous and traditional plants: South African parents’ knowledge, perceptions and uses and their children’s sensory acceptance
Authors: van der Hoeven Marinka , Osei Jennifer , Greeff Minrie , Kruger Annamarie , Faber Mieke , Smuts Cornelius M
Published: November 2013

Background

The dietary shift from indigenous and traditional plants (ITPs) to cash crops and exotic plant food sources increases the risk of malnutrition and other nutrition-related non-communicable diseases, especially in poor rural communities. Farm communities in South Africa have been associated with poor nutritional status and extreme poverty. ITPs have been found to be affordable sources of several micronutrients. However, knowledge of and the use of these plants are declining, and little is known about the child’s acceptance of dishes prepared with ITPs. This knowledge can be used to improve the general acceptance of ITPs. This study aimed to gain insight into parents’ knowledge and perceptions and their use of ITPs in a farming community in the North West Province and to assess children’s acceptance of and preference for dishes made with African leafy vegetables (ALVs) and Swiss chard.

Methods

Parents (n = 29) responsible for food preparation for children in grade 2 to 4 in two schools were purposively selected for four focus group discussions. A sensory evaluation assessed the children’s (n = 98) acceptance of, preference for and intended consumption of dishes made with leafy vegetables. The dishes were made of Amaranthus spp., Cleome gynandra, Cucurbita maxima, Vigna unguiculata and Beta vulgaris.

Results

Parents mentioned 30 edible ITPs during the focus group discussions. Parents had knowledge of available ITPs and their use as food. Location, seasonal variation and rainfall affected the availability of and access to ITPs. Sun-dried ITPs were stored in sacks for later use. ITPs were perceived as healthy, affordable and delicious, hence acceptable to the parents. The children also evaluated the dishes made with ALVs as acceptable in terms of colour, smell and taste. Swiss chard was preferred, most likely because of the children’s exposure to this vegetable. Children indicated that they would like to eat these leafy vegetables twice a week.

Conclusion

These results look promising for the promotion of ITPs as a strategy to reduce malnutrition in rural farm communities and for potential inclusion of these micronutrient-rich ALVs in school feeding programmes to improve the nutritional status of children.
Rb1 loss modifies but does not initiate alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Kikuchi Ken , Taniguchi Eri , Chen Hung-I Harry , Svalina Matthew N , Abraham Jinu , Huang Elaine T , Nishijo Koichi , Davis Sean , Louden Christopher , Zarzabal Lee Ann , Recht Olivia , Bajwa Ayeza , Berlow Noah , Suelves Mònica , Perkins Sherrie L , Meltzer Paul S , Mansoor Atiya , Michalek Joel E , Chen Yidong , Rubin Brian P , Keller Charles
Published: November 2013

Background

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (aRMS) is a myogenic childhood sarcoma frequently associated with a translocation-mediated fusion gene,Pax3:Foxo1a.

Methods

We investigated the complementary role ofRb1loss in aRMS tumor initiation and progression using conditional mouse models.

Results

Rb1loss was not a necessary and sufficient mutational event for rhabdomyosarcomagenesis, nor a strong cooperative initiating mutation. Instead,Rb1loss was a modifier of progression and increased anaplasia and pleomorphism. WhereasPax3:Foxo1aexpression was unaltered, biomarkers of aRMS versus embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma were both increased, questioning whether these diagnostic markers are reliable in the context ofRb1loss. Genome-wide gene expression inPax3:Foxo1a,Rb1tumors more closely approximated aRMS than embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Intrinsic loss of pRb function in aRMS was evidenced by insensitivity to a Cdk4/6 inhibitor regardless of whetherRb1was intact or null. This loss of function could be attributed to low baselineRb1, pRb and phospho-pRb expression in aRMS tumors for which theRb1locus was intact.Pax3:Foxo1aRNA interference did not increase pRb or improve Cdk inhibitor sensitivity. Human aRMS shared the feature of low and/or heterogeneous tumor cell pRb expression.

Conclusions

Rb1loss from an already low pRb baseline is a significant disease modifier, raising the possibility that some cases of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma may in fact be Pax3:Foxo1a-expressing aRMS withRb1or pRb loss of function.
What do school personnel know, think and feel about food allergies?
Authors: Polloni Laura , Lazzarotto Francesca , Toniolo Alice , Ducolin Giorgia , Muraro Antonella
Published: November 2013

Background

The incidence of food allergy is such that most schools will be attended by at least one food allergic child, obliging school personnel to cope with cases at risk of severe allergic reactions. Schools need to know about food allergy and anaphylaxis management to ensure the personal safety of an increasing number of students. The aim of this study was to investigate Italian school teachers and principals’ knowledge, perceptions and feelings concerning food allergy and anaphylaxis, to deeply understand how to effectively support schools to manage a severely allergic child. In addition a further assessment of the impact of multidisciplinary courses on participants was undertaken.

Methods

1184 school teachers and principals attended courses on food allergy and anaphylaxis management at school were questioned before and after their course. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the resulting data.

Results

Participants tended to overestimate the prevalence of food allergy; 79.3% were able to identify the foods most likely involved and 90.8% knew the most frequent symptoms. 81.9% were familiar with the typical symptoms of anaphylaxis but, while the majority (65.4%) knew that “adrenaline” is the best medication for anaphylaxis, only 34.5% knew indications of using adrenaline in children. 48.5% thoroughly understood dietary exclusion. School personnel considered that food allergic students could have social difficulties (10.2%) and/or emotional consequences (37.2%) because of their condition. “Concern” was the emotion that most respondents (66.9%) associated with food allergy. At the end of the course, the number of correct answers to the test increased significantly.

Conclusions

Having adequately trained and cooperative school personnel is crucial to significantly reduce emergencies and fatal reactions. The results emphasize the need for specific educational interventions and improvements in school health policies to support schools to deal with allergic students ensuring their safety and psychological well‐being.
Comparison of molecular subtype distribution in triple-negative inflammatory and non-inflammatory breast cancers
Authors: Masuda Hiroko , Baggerly Keith A , Wang Ying , Iwamoto Takayuki , Brewer Takae , Pusztai Lajos , Kai Kazuharu , Kogawa Takahiro , Finetti Pascal , Birnbaum Daniel , Dirix Luc , Woodward Wendy A , Reuben James M , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Symmans W Fraser , Van Laere Steven J , Bertucci François , Hortobagyi Gabriel N , Ueno Naoto T
Published: November 2013

Introduction

Because of its high rate of metastasis, inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) has a poor prognosis compared with non-inflammatory types of breast cancer (non-IBC). In a recent study, Lehmann and colleagues identified seven subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We hypothesized that the distribution of TNBC subtypes differs between TN-IBC and TN-non-IBC. We determined the subtypes and compared clinical outcomes by subtype in TN-IBC and TN-non-IBC patients.

Methods

We determined TNBC subtypes in a TNBC cohort from the World IBC Consortium for which IBC status was known (39 cases of TN-IBC; 49 cases of TN-non-IBC). We then determined the associations between TNBC subtypes and IBC status and compared clinical outcomes between TNBC subtypes.

Results

We found the seven subtypes exist in both TN-IBC and TN-non-IBC. We found no association between TNBC subtype and IBC status (P = 0.47). TNBC subtype did not predict recurrence-free survival. IBC status was not a significant predictor of recurrence-free or overall survival in the TNBC cohort.

Conclusions

Our data show that, like TN-non-IBC, TN-IBC is a heterogeneous disease. Although clinical characteristics differ significantly between IBC and non-IBC, no unique IBC-specific TNBC subtypes were identified by mRNA gene-expression profiles of the tumor. Studies are needed to identify the subtle molecular or microenvironmental differences that contribute to the differing clinical behaviors between TN-IBC and TN-non-IBC.
Narrative across Versions: Narratology Meets Genetic Criticism
Authors: Bernaerts Lars , Van Hulle Dirk
Published: November 2013

What can narrative theory and analysis learn from the study of sketches, notes, and manuscripts? Leading narratologists, such as Dorrit Cohn, Gérard Genette, and Franz K. Stanzel, have visited the factory of the text, as Genette calls it, to corroborate an argument about the nature of narrative in general or the composition of a particular narrative. However, these excursions have not led to a principled dialogue between genetic criticism and narrative theory. By following major narratologists on their paths to versions of narratives, this essay investigates the possibilities of combining narrative theory and narratological analysis, on the one hand, with manuscript studies and genetic criticism, on the other hand. To specify our claims about this interdisciplinary combination of approaches—the study of narrative across versions—we analyze two works that challenge narrative conventions, “Lessness” and The Unnamable by Samuel Beckett. This two-part case study focuses on the levels of “narrative” and “narration,” respectively, and shows how, on the one hand, genetic criticism can provide data to corroborate a narratological analysis and how, on the other hand, narratology can serve as an aid to the genetic examination of the narrative’s development across versions.
Acute and chronic consequences of polidocanol foam injection in the lung in experimental animals
Authors: Grandi L , Grandi R A , Tomasi C D , Da Rocha J L , Cardoso V , Dal-Pizzol F
Published: November 2013

Objective

To assess the presence of pulmonary embolism and inflammation after polidocanol foam injection into the peripheral veins of rabbits.

Method

The animals were treated with polidocanol foam (1 or 3 mg/kg) or vehicle. Early (15 minutes) and late (30 days) animals were evaluated by perfusional lung scintigraphy and histopathological examination.

Results

In the control group no alterations were found. After polidocanol foam injection it was observed that an important reduction of pulmonary perfusion in the early periods, was mainly in the left lung ( P < 0.001), with consequent embolism in the histological evaluation. In late periods it was observed that the presence of thrombus was with fibrin in small veins, compatible with chronic thrombus and the presence of chronic pulmonary inflammation.

Conclusions

The injection of polidocanol foam in experimental animals can induce venous embolism and chronic inflammatory infiltration.
A Genome-Wide Association Study of spontaneous preterm birth in a European population
Authors: Wu Wilfred , Clark Erin A S , Manuck Tracy A , Esplin M Sean , Varner Michael W , Jorde Lynn B
Published: November 2013

Background: Preterm birth is defined as a birth prior to 37 completed weeks’ gestation. It affects more than 10% of all births worldwide, and is the leading cause of neonatal mortality in non-anomalous newborns. Even if the preterm newborn survives, there is an increased risk of lifelong morbidity. Despite the magnitude of this public health problem, the etiology of spontaneous preterm birth is not well understood. Previous studies suggest that genetics is an important contributing factor. We therefore employed a genome-wide association approach to explore possible fetal genetic variants that may be associated with spontaneous preterm birth.

Methods: We obtained preterm birth phenotype and genotype data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Genotypes and Phenotypes Database (study accession phs000103.v1.p1). This dataset contains participants collected by the Danish National Birth Cohort and includes 1000 preterm births and 1000 term births as controls. Whole genomes were genotyped on the Illumina Human660W-Quad_v1_A platform, which contains more than 500,000 markers. After data quality control, we performed genome-wide association studies for the 22 autosomal chromosomes.

Results: No single nucleotide polymorphism reached genome-wide significance after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing.

Conclusion: We found no evidence of genetic association with spontaneous preterm birth in this European population. Approaches that facilitate detection of both common and rare genetic variants, such as evaluation of high-risk pedigrees and genome sequencing, may be more successful in identifying genes associated with spontaneous preterm birth.
C-Sibelia: an easy-to-use and highly accurate tool for bacterial genome comparison
Authors: Minkin Ilya , Pham Hoa , Starostina Ekaterina , Vyahhi Nikolay , Pham Son
Published: November 2013

We present C-Sibelia, a highly accurate and easy-to-use software tool for comparing two closely related bacterial genomes, which can be presented as either finished sequences or fragmented assemblies. C-Sibelia takes as input two FASTA files and produces: (1) a VCF file containing all identified single nucleotide variations and indels; (2) an XMFA file containing alignment information. The software also produces Circos diagrams visualizing high level genomic architecture for rearrangement analyses. C-Sibelia is a part of the Sibelia comparative genomics suite, which is freely available under the GNU GPL v.2 license at http://sourceforge.net/projects/sibelia-bio. C-Sibelia is compatible with Unix-like operating systems. A web-based version of the software is available at http://etool.me/software/csibelia.
Understanding people's pathways through participation: putting research into practice
Authors: Jochum Véronique , Brodie Ellie
Published: November 2013

This article reviews how a major national charity – the NSPCC – has made use of the research findings of the Pathways through Participation project to review and reshape its volunteering strategy in line with the project's understanding of the connections between different activities and episodes of participation. It explains how the NSPCC has begun to develop an approach that enables people to contribute to its work over their lifetimes and takes account of their changing circumstances.
What’s love got to do with marriage?
Authors: Chantler Khatidja
Published: November 2013

The formation of a marriage is frequently conceptualised as one of the most intimate relationships that people enter into, predicated on particular assumptions of romantic love at the point of entry into the marriage. This article explores marriage practices associated with ‘love’ and ‘arranged’ marriages, frequently presented as polar opposites, with love marriages positioned as normative and arranged marriages as alien and other. It draws attention to non-traditional practices such as online dating and ‘mail-order’ marriages to disrupt dominant assumptions of romantic love and draws some parallels between these practices and those of arranged marriages. By doing so, the article not only acknowledges alternative trajectories to marriage, but also serves as a useful intervention to interrogate the hegemonic Euro-American constructions of intimate relationships.
Displaying parental responsibility for childhood obesity: aspects of care and family relationships
Authors: Bennet Petra Roll , Bergström Helena
Published: November 2013

Childhood obesity is a much-debated health issue in Sweden as well as worldwide. Considerable emphasis is given to the prevention of excessive weight gain and obesity in early childhood, for example by providing lifestyle advice to parents. Based on interviews with Swedish parents of obese children aged between eight and 12, in this article parent narratives of everyday practices in relation to children’s diet and exercise habits are analysed as acts of ‘displaying normality’. The results show that explanations as to why it is difficult to manage the child’s weight appear to be connected to avoiding the risk of the child receiving negative attention and issues relating to the child’s own responsibility. These findings are discussed in terms of ‘displaying family normality’.
Percepções e conhecimentos de moradores de Urutaí-GO sobre o Córrego Palmital
Authors: Malafaia Guilherme , Lima Fagner Carlos de , Batista Mirella de Araújo , Rodrigues Aline Sueli de Lima
Published: November 2013

Currently the water resources have been extensively degraded due to unsustainable human activities. Thus, many studies have investigated aspects of environmental perception of the population, to better planning and understanding of the vision of the population about the environment and its problems. This study aimed to analyze the perceptions and knowledge of residents in the municipality from Urutaí, GO about the Palmital stream, watercourse of great ecological and economic importance to the region, but nowadays has been the target of several degradative processes. Data collection was conducted through a structured questionnaire for objective questions and discursive, being interviewed a total of 420 people living in different areas of the urban zon of Urutaí. The results show the existence of perceptions and knowledge that recognition of the importance of the mixed Palmital stream (this being related almost exclusively to a utilitarian discourse) and absence of specific knowledge about its current environmental situation. In addition, there was a tenuous community participation in conservation and preservation of the appeal, though they demonstrated great interest in it, and only a portion of the population recognizes its responsibility to the Palmital stream. Thus, highlights the need to develop actions aimed at social and environmental awareness of people about its importance in the maintenance and preservation of natural resources and the construction of values and behavioral changes in favor of the region's water resources, especially Palmital stream.
Studies of n-alkanes in the sediments of Colony Z3 (Pelotas - RS - Brazil)
Authors: Filho Pedro José Sanches , Da Luz Luiza Placidina , Betemps Glauco Rasmussen , Da Silva Marco Diogo Richter Gomes , Caramão Elina Bastos
Published: November 2013

This paper investigates the presence and concentration levels, of n-alkanes and also the potential sources of contamination of surface sediments in the fishing village Z-3 in the city of Pelotas, Brazil. The extraction of the sediments was performed according to EPA method 3540 and the separation of aliphatic hydrocarbons was done with preparative column chromatography. Gas chromatographic analysis with flame ionization detector was employed for the identification and quantification of compounds The level of aliphatic hydrocarbons found, was due mainly to n-alkanes originated from weathering of terrestrial plants and algae production. It is also possible to observe the dilution effect of the lagoon about analyzed compounds, comparing the results obtained from different sampling points. In general, the sediments sampled in the investigated region presented small levels of contamination by hydrocarbons
Modelagem dinâmica de bacia hidrográfica: avaliação dos componentes manganês e fósforo no Rio das Mortes, MG.
Authors: Bernardino Aluízio Durço , Fortes Mauri , Ferreira Wanyr Romero
Published: November 2013

A taxa temporal de autodepuração de recursos hídricos é limitada, principalmente devido à carga de poluentes. Para minimizar os problemas associados de qualidade, muitos países, incluindo o Brasil, adotaram legislações específicas direcionadas aos aspectos de qualidade de recursos hídricos. Assim, neste contexto, este estudo apresenta um modelo dinâmico desenvolvido para analisar as inter-relações entre a vazão e a concentração de poluentes na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio das Mortes, em Minas Gerais, Brasil. A metodologia teve por base o software STELLA que permitiu a análise dinâmica do sistema. Dados oficiais do período 2000-2009, associados ao comportamento hidrológico das vazões médias mensais e das concentrações dos poluentes Manganês Total e Fósforo Total permitiram efetuar uma análise de sensitividade e simular os possíveis efeitos de alterações nas concentrações dos poluentes, na bacia. O modelo desenvolvido neste estudo permitiu uma melhor compreensão do comportamento da bacia com relação às variações temporais e espaciais dos poluentes.
Morphofunctional characteristic of gastric adipocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mkrtumyan Ashot Musaelovich , Maev I V , Bairova K I
Published: November 2013

Aim. To measure gastrointestinal hormones in plasma, evaluate morphofunctional state of G- and beta-cells in patients with gastric pathology and concomitanttype 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Materials and methods. A total of 84 patients with gastric ulcer (GU) and chronic gastritis (CG) were available for observation including 46 with DM2.Semi-quantitative evaluation of stomach infection by H.pylori. was performed by a histological method. Stained G- and beta-cells were counted under 400xmagnification in 10 fields of vision for each medicinal preparation used in the study. Chromogranin A, somatostatin, and gastrin were detected by immunohistochemicalmethods, gastrin-17 and somatostatin-14 by the respective immunoassays. Control group comprised 10 practically healthy volunteers. Results. Patients with combined GU (or CG) and DM2 pathology had smaller density of G- and beta-cells, lower plasma gastrin and somatostatin levelsthan those without DM2 (p
The system of osteoprotegrin (OPG)/ligand of NF-kB receptor activator (RANKL) in patients with diabetes mellitus, mediacalcinosis and obliteratingatherosclerosis of lower leg arteries
Authors: Yaroslavtseva Марианна Viktorovna , Ul'yanova Irina Nikolaevna , Galstyan Gagik Radikovich , Ilin A V , Nikankina L V , Remizov Oleg Valer'evich , Dedov Ivan Ivanovich
Published: November 2013

Aim. To study the OPG/RANKL system in patients with diabetes mellitus, mediacalcinosis and obliterating atherosclerosis of lower leg arteries. Materials and methods. The study enrolled 70 patients including 20 with manifest diabetic neuropathy (DN) and mediacalcinosis of lower leg arteries(group 1). 29 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and clinical manifestations of obliterating atherosclerosis of lower leg arteries comprised group 2. Thecontrol group 3 consisted of 30 subjects without disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism. Immunoassays with Alkphase-B (Metra biosystems, USA),Osteoprotegrin (Biomedica, Austria), and sRANKL(Biomedica, Austria) kits were used to detect serum markers of bone formation (alkaline phosphatase(AP), OPG, and RANKL respectively). The patients underwent examination by digital X-ray of affected joints in frontal and lateral projections using anAxiom Iconos R 200 apparatus (Siemens, Germany). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (Expert 1188,Lunar, USA). Ultrasound duplex scanning of lower leg arteries was performed with Sonoc-5500 (Agilent, USA). Results. OPG levels in diabetic patients were significantly higher than in controls (p
The role of the tissue renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the development of metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and itsvascular complications
Authors: Shestakova Marina Vladimirovna
Published: November 2013

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a major system of the human body playing a key role in the regulation of most physiological andpathological conditions, such as vascular tone, AD level, myocardial and vascular wall remodeling, development of atherosclerosis, glomerulosclerosis,and other pathologies. The discovery of local (tissue) RAAS in the late XX century gave evidence of direct synthesis of all components of this system,from renin to aldosterone, in target tissues and organs. Activation of tissue RAAS was shown to play a leading role in the evolvement of diabetic complicationsincluding cardiovascular diseases, diabetic nephropathy (DN), and retinopathy. Recent studies revealed the presence of RAAS componentsin fat and pancreas. This system is involved in the development of visceral obesity, pre-diabetes, and Type 2 diabetes. These findings are confirmedby a reduced risk of CDM2 in subjects receiving long-term therapy with RAAS blockers.
Efficacious and safe control of glycemia using Apidra insulin
Authors: Biryukova Elena Valer'evna , Garbuzova Maria Alexandrovna
Published: November 2013

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a stably growing pathology leading to micro- and macrovascular complications. Despite high potential of medicamentaltherapy for DM its efficacy needs to be further improved. Uncompensated postprandial hyperglycemia is known to be responsible for many diabeticcomplications. Moreover, it by itself aggravates disturbances of insulin secretion through the toxic effect of glucose. Insulin therapy remains a principaltool for the treatment of DM. Its efficiency was greatly improved with the advent of fast-acting insulin analogs obtained by reducing stability of hexamers.Insulin glulysine (Apidra) is the fastest-acting analog licensed for the treatment of DM1 and DM2 in adult patients in 2004 (FDA, EMEA) andin children above 6 years in 2008 (EMEA). A characteristic feature of this analog is the absence of Zn2+ in its molecule that substitutes polysorbate-20 acting as a surfactant and providing additional protection of monomers from denaturation.
Vascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus beyond the reach of glycemic control
Authors: Demidova Tatiana Yul'evna
Published: November 2013

Current therapeutic strategies of type 2 diabetes mellitus are aimed at reducing the risk of acute and late vascular complications by means of normalizationof glycemia, improvement of life quality and expectancy, minimization of socio-economic losses. The adequate glycemic control should besupplemented by screening for and correction of risk factors of cardiovascular disorders; it may help to prevent or delay the development of macrovascularcomplications.
The use of dressing materials based on the lipid-colloid technology for the local treatment of diabetic foot syndrome
Authors: Khramilin Vladimir Nikolaevich
Published: November 2013

Aim. Clinical assessment of the use of dressing materials based on the lipid-colloid technology for the local treatment of diabetic foot syndrome (DFS). Materials and methods. The study included 24 patients with DM1 and DM2 and neuropathic or neuroischemic forms of DFS in the absence of pronounced leg ischemia (ankle-brachial index >0.7). Duration of the observation period was 8 weeks, the patients were examined once in 2 weeks. The dressing materials used in the study were based on the Cellosorb NA, Cellosorb Ag, Urgotul S Ag. technology (Laboratories Urgo). Efficacy and safety of the dressing materials were estimated from the wound size, degree of exudation, characteristics of the wound bed and the surrounding tissues. The data obtained were treated using Statistica v. 7.0 software (StatSoft Inc.). Results. Efficacy of local therapy was assessed based on the Pressure Ulcer Scale of Healing (PUSH). Neither local nor systemic adverse events related to the use of the above dressing materials were registered during the follow-up. Cellosorb NA and Cellosrb Ag hydrocellular dressings showed high absorption activity and atraumatic properties. Most patients especially those using Cellosorb Ag were free from local infection. Conclusion. Dressing materials based on the lipid-colloid technology are safe and meet all requirements for the means of local treatment of chronic wounds.
Glycemic control on development of chronic heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Strongin Leonid Grigor'evich , Pochinka Il'ya Grigor'evich , Konysheva Maria Sergeevna , Morozova Elena Pavlovna
Published: November 2013

Aims. To assess contribution of therapeutic training, blood glucose self-monitoring and general improvement of glycemic control on development ofchronic heart failure (CHF) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and methods. We conducted a prospective, open-label, non-controlled before/after study. 80 patients with T2DM took part in this trialafter initial hospitalization for decompensation of both CHF and diabetes (НbА1с>=8.0%). Therapeutic training as well as provision of tools and consumablesfor self-monitoring was arranged for all patients. Therapeutic goal was set to lowering НbА1с for?1% by the end of 12 months of follow-up. Results. We observed lowering of НbА1с values from 9.3% [8,4-10,6] to 8.8% [7,6-10,0] (р
Self-monitoring practice in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: data from regional mobile diabetes centre
Authors: Petrov Alexander Vladimirovich , Kalinnikova Alena Alexandrovna , Suvorova Lyudmila Alexandrovna , Strongin Leonid Grigor'evich , Logutova Daria Vladimirovna , Glebov Sergey Petrovich
Published: November 2013

Aims. To determine popularity and variants of blood glucose self-monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as wellas its correlation with efficiency of antihyperglycemic therapy. Materials and methods. Current study was carried out within the framework of mobile diabetes centre project. We analyzed 545 patients,assessing their clinical status, laboratory test results (including HbA1c levels) and self-monitoring frequency. Results. 49% of patients reported regular self-monitoring, while 25% conducted monitoring of both fasting and postprandial bloodglucose levels. Percentage of patients performing self-monitoring was found to be independent of age and length of diabetes experience,but correlated with insulin therapy and rating of chronic diabetic complications. Self-monitoring was associated with lower rate ofdiabetic decompensation and was much more common among patients on insulin therapy, being associated with statistically significantreduction of HbA1c levels. Conclusion. Self-monitoring is associated with greater efficiency of antihyperglycemic treatment in patients with T2DM on insulintherapy, as well as in those receiving oral agents only.
Aggregation activity of blood formed elements in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kuznik Boris Il'ich , Vitkovskiy Yury Antonovich , Zakharova Marina Yur'evna , Klyuchereva Natalya Nikolaevna , Rodnina Olga Sergeevna , Solpov Aleksey Vladimirovich
Published: November 2013

Aims. To assess differences in blood formed elements aggregation activity in patients with type 1 (T1) and type 2 (T2) diabetes mellitus(DM). Materials and methods. We studied blood samples from 88 patients with T1 and T2 DM. Platelet aggregation activity was assessed bymeans of ?Biola? aggregometer; we also determined platelet-lymphocyte and leucocyte-erythrocyte adhesion intensity. Results. We show that spontaneous platelet aggregation is markedly increased in patients with T1DM but remains normal or slightlyelevated in case of T2DM. In blood from patients with T2DM platelet aggregation in response to ADP, epinephrine, ristomycineand contact with collagen was generally increased, whereas in T1DM we often observed its secondary reduction. Data on plateletlymphocyteadhesion in T1DM is controversial, but in T2DM this process seems to be significantly suppressed. Quantity of leucocyteerythrocyteaggregates was sharply increased in both T1DM and T2DM. Conclusion. We've determined significant difference in blood formed elements aggregation activity between patients with T1 and T2 DM.
Russian National Consensus Statement on gestational diabetes: diagnostics, treatment and postnatal care
Authors: Dedov Ivan Ivanovich , Krasnopol'skiy Vladislav Ivanovich , Sukhikh Gennadiy Tikhonovich
Published: November 2013

Current document presents the expert consensus of Russian Association of Endocrinologists and Russian Society of Obstetrician- Gynecologists on diagnostic criteria of gestational diabetes and other glycemic disorders of pregnancy. The consensus is based on analysis of HAPO (Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Study) - a major multinational study, that included more than 23000 patients. Project of current consensus was repeatedly discussed during meetings of the research group and publicly addressed at 6th Pan-Russian Congress of Endocrinology with international participation ?Modern Endocrine Technologies?, as well as Pan-Russian Educational Interscience Conference ?Complicated Pregnancy and Preterm Birth?.
Neuropsychological dynamics in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergone coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Trubnikova Olga Alexandrovna , Mamontova Anastasia Sergeevna , Syrova Irina Danilovna , Maleva Olga Valer'evna , Barbarash Olga Leonidovna
Published: November 2013

AIM: The study was aimed at evaluation of hospital neuropsychological dynamics in ischemic heart disease patients with comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) undergone on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: 14 from a total of 37 examined patients had T2DM. Diabetic patients were found to have lower attention parameters prior to the intervention in comparison to non-diabetic controls. At days 7-10 after the surgery all patients demonstrated deterioration of cognitive functions.

RESULTS: We observed deeper deterioration in diabetic patients, regarding attention, memory, sensorimotor speed and quantity of erroneous test responses, as measured against individuals with normal glucose tolerance.

CONCLUSIONS: Diabetic patients undergone coronary artery bypass surgery show lower cognitive characteristics when compared to controls without T2DM, suggesting this cohort to be a high-risk group for further cognitive decline.
Anxiety and depressive disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and cerebrovascular disease
Authors: Dubinina Inessa Ivanovna , Zhadnov Vladimir Alexeevich , Yankina Svetlana Vital'evna , Solov'eva Alexandra Viktorovna
Published: November 2013

Aims. Current study was aimed to identify symptoms and risk factors for depression and anxiety and to estimate quality of life (QoL) in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Materials and methods. We examined 73 patients with T2DM. 1st group included 49 patients with T2DM and CVD, 2nd group - 24 patients with T2DM and no cardiovascular pathology. The groups were not significantly different in terms of age, BMI, level of HbAlc, fasting and postprandial glycemia. All patients received antihyperglycemic and antihypertensive therapy. Anxiety and depression were diagnosed with Beck Depression Inventory and Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Scale (SSTAS). SF-36 questionnaire was used for estimation of QoL. Results. 2nd group showed symptoms of anxiety and depressive disorders in 100% and 75% of cases, respectively. 1st group showed significantly more prominent anxiety and depression symptoms. Risk factors for anxiety and depressive disorders in patients with T2DM and CVD were found to be senior age, obesity and atherogenic dyslipidemia. Conclusion. Cardiovascular comorbidity in T2DM significantly decreases QoL, especially in aspects of physical functioning and vitality. Timely diagnostics of anxiety and depression in patients with T2DM and CVD requires development of screening and rehabilitation programs.
New prospects in the treatment of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shamkhalova Minara Shamkhalovna , Trubitsyna Natalya Petrovna , Shestakova Marina Vladimirovna
Published: November 2013

Cardiovascular complications, a major cause for disability and morbidity in diabetes mellitus (DM), constitute the greatest threat of the diabetes epidemic. Glycemic stability within the therapeutic targets is a prerequisite to prevention of micro- and macrovascular complications of DM. Traditional therapies are aimed at cardinal defects determining development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Unfortunately even in combination they fail to deliver long-term glycemic control without stimulation of weight gain and increase in hypoglycemic risks with negative cardial, renal and hepatic impact. Preservation of beta-cell secretion capacity is also hardly attainable. Incretin-based therapy is a novel, actively developed approach that influences gut hormone physiology for better glycemic control. So far research efforts have yielded two classes of drugs: GLP-1 mimetics and DPP-4 inhibitors. Both are regarded nowadays for a number of important benefits, including beta-cell function improvement, adjusted to human physiology (i.e. stimulation of insulin secretion ?as needed? by the body, - hence low hypoglycemic risk). They also feature positive cardiovascular and body weight effects, thereby taking an important position in complex DM treatment.
Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Possibilities of cardioprotection
Authors: Trunina Elena Nikolaevna , Petunina Nina Alexandrovna , Chorbinskaya Svetlana Alekseevna
Published: November 2013

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease in which traditional therapeutic strategies, such as optimization of the lifestyle, intake of metformin and sulfonylureasor glitazone prove secondarily inefficient in the short run. The discovery and use of new hypoglycemic agents, e.g. DPP-4 inhibitors, openup opportunities for the further improvement of glycemic control. This review contains data on mechanisms of action, efficacy and safety of DPP-4inhibitors exemplified by sitagliptin and their possible effects on the cardiovascular system.
Prospects for the management of diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Ametov Alexandr Sergeevich , Lysenko Marina Alexandrovna
Published: November 2013

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes mellitus leading to deterioration of the patientsquality of life. Effective methods for the treatment of DPN and improvement of both quality of life and long-term prognosis of the disease remain tobe developed.To review pathogenetic mechanisms of DPN, the known methods of DPN treatment and the influence of activation of PPAR-alpha receptors onpathogenesis and outcome of DPN.
Sulfonylureas in the modern strategy of therapy of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Nedosugova Lyudmila Viktorovna
Published: November 2013

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a chronic progressing disease associated with insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion insufficient toovercome insulin resistance that deteriorates as a result of glucose toxicity and beta-cell apoptosis. Combination of metformin and sulfonylureas (SU) iscurrently regarded as an effective strategy of hypoglycemic therapy having effect not only on the main stages of pathogenesis but also on t dangerousrisk factors leading to adverse events (hypoglycemia, body weight increment, cardiovascular disorders). Amaryl, SU of the 3d generation, meets allcriteria of safety and efficacy for combined hypoglycemic therapy due to its high affinity to a specific subunit of SU receptors-1 on beta-cells coupled toshort-term stimulating action on insulin secretion. Moreover, it has a unique SU-unrelated extrapancreatic mechanism of action. The efficacy andsafety of Amaryl was confirmed in a number of clinical studies which gives reason to recommend it for inclusion in any modern hypoglycemic therapywith a minimal risk of hypoglycemia, lack of weight increment, positive effect on the cardiovascular system and progress of atherosclerosis
Metabolic disturbances in patients with paranoid schizophrenia treated with atypical antipsychotic drugs
Authors: Bardenshteyn Leonid Mikhaylovich , Mkrtumyan Ashot Musaelovich , Aleshkina Galina Andreevna
Published: November 2013

Цель. Изучение влияния терапии классическими и атипичными антипсихотическими препаратами (АА) на динамику толерантности к глюкозе и некоторых показателей липидного обмена. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 50 больных с развившимся впервые в жизни психотическим эпизодом, отвечающим критериям па- раноидной шизофрении (МКБ ? 10). В первую группу вошли больные, получающие галоперидол, вторую группу составили пациенты, по- лучающие атипичные антипсихотические препараты (АА). Использовались биохимический, антропометрический, статистический методы. Результаты. У 12% пациентов, получавших АА, выявлено нарушение толерантности к глюкозе на 8 неделе терапии, у 4% больных ? сахарный диабет (СД). Заключение. Терапия с использованием атипичных антипсихотических препаратов оказывает существенное влияние на состояние уг- леводного обмена у больных параноидной шизофренией по сравнению с галоперидолом.
Parameters of metabolism and hemostasis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and microgiopathy of different severity
Authors: Petrik Galina Georgievna , Pavlishchuk Svetlana Anatol'evna
Published: November 2013

Aim. To identify risk factors of macro-microvascular lesions at different stages of pathological process in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus andmicrogiopathy of different severity. Materials and methods. Comprehensive analysis of parameters of metabolism, hemogram, platelet and plasma hemostasis in 121 patients (67 menand 54 women of mean age 28.2?10.7 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus and angiopathy of different severity. Results. All patients had hyperglycemia along with dysproteinemia and altered lipid spectrum. Mean platelet volume and aggregation activity increasedwhile activated partial thromboplastic time decreased compared with control subjects regardless of the presence and severity of microangiopathy. Conclusion. Morphological and functional characteristics of platelets and activated partial throm-boplastic time are differently related to metabolicchanges.
Infertile marriage in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Vityazeva Irina Ivanovna , Bogolyubov Sergey Vladimirovich , Ilovayskaya Irena Adol'fovna , Makarova Nataliya Petrovna , L'vova Alesya Gennad'evna
Published: November 2013

Diabetes mellitus affects reproductive function at different levels both in men and women. It disturbs regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary axisand impairs gonadal endocrine function at the cellular level due to direct effect of acute and/or chronic hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and microvascularcomplications. Moreover, central dysregulation aggravates hormonal disorders. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) provide a tool for thetreatment of male and female infertility in diabetic patients although many aspects of its application await in-depth studies.