bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expressive amusia and aphasia: the story of Maurice Ravel
Authors: Darvesh Sultan , Cash Meghan Kirsten , Martin Earl , Engelhardt Eliasz
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT The French composer, Maurice Ravel, at the peak of his career, showed signs of a progressive disorder that affected his ability to function with verbal and musical language, as noted by the neurologist Théophile Alajouanine. The worsening of the disease led to a craniotomy, performed in 1937, which failed to reveal the cause of his illness, and he died shortly thereafter. A lack of post-mortem neuropathological evidence precluded a definitive diagnosis of the illness, which remained enigmatic. Speculations about the precise diagnosis of Ravel's neurological disease have been largely based on Alajouanine's observations, which included aphasia and amusia, mostly expressive, and ideomotor apraxia, while musical judgement, taste, and memory remained relatively intact, implying different neuroanatomical substrates. A possible subform of frontotemporal lobar degeneration complex was the diagnostic suggestion of many authors. His untimely death deprived the world of this remarkable musician, and the music that remained trapped in his mind.
Disfagia orofaríngea na malformação de Chiari tipo I: série de casos clínicos
Authors: Araújo Ramon Cipriano Pacheco de , Macedo Ana Karoliny Pizate de , Godoy Cynthia Meira de Almeida , Godoy Juliana Fernandes , Magalhães Hipólito
Published: June 2024

RESUMO A malformação de Chiari tipo I é uma condição geralmente congênita de herniação das tonsilas cerebelares abaixo do forame magno, que pode levar à compressão das estruturas próximas da fossa craniana posterior ou à obstrução do fluxo do líquido cefalorraquidiano ventril. O tipo I, apesar de raro, é o mais comumente encontrado na população. Este estudo teve como objetivo relatar os achados da videoendoscopia da deglutição, avaliação fonoaudiológica, nível de ingestão oral, risco nutricional e o planejamento terapêutico em três casos de malformação de Chiari tipo I na fase adulta. Foram coletados dados com relação à avaliação fonoaudiológica de mobilidade e força de língua, Tempo Máximo de Fonação, eficiência da tosse e o Índice de Eichner. Foram analisados o nível de ingestão oral e os sinais faríngeos de disfagia em quatro consistências alimentares, de acordo com a classificação da International Dysphagia Diet Standartisation Initiative), por meio da videoendoscopia da deglutição. Para análise e classificação dos resíduos faríngeos, foi utilizado o Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale, enquanto que, para rastrear o risco nutricional, foi utilizado o Malnutrition Screening Tool. Observou-se redução mobilidade e força de língua e no Tempo Máximo de Fonação, enquanto que os sinais faríngeos variaram entre os casos, com presença de fechamento glótico incompleto, escape oral posterior, deglutições múltiplas, resíduos faríngeos e penetração laríngea.
Reflexões sobre agendas de cuidado e população negra brasileira
Authors: Guimarães Walkyria Chagas da Silva Santos
Published: June 2024

A partir do tema central “gênero, cuidado e periferia”, o artigo foi desenvolvido em quatro eixos, sendo eles: a ausência/dificuldade de acesso a direitos vivenciada pela população negra, em especial o que tange ao direito à educação, com centralidade na raça; os efeitos da Covid-19 e a racialização; os efeitos da Covid-19 na população negra, com ênfase nas mulheres negras; e reflexões sobre o cuidado a partir de perspectivas/experiências da população negra. O texto foi estruturado na perspectiva de diálogo mais direto, partindo de reflexões construídas em textos de minha autoria/coautoria publicados anteriormente. Ao dialogar com autoras que estão no campo das escrevivências e da educação antirracista, o texto centraliza gênero e raça e aponta as dificuldades e possíveis saídas para que a população negra esteja na zona do ser, principalmente para mulheres negras.
Cuidados, velhice e pandemia: algumas questões para pensar o cenário brasileiro
Authors: Longhi Marcia Reis
Published: June 2024

Tendo como pano de fundo o contexto brasileiro, o presente texto tem por objetivo tecer algumas reflexões sobre o cruzamento entre envelhecimento e cuidado no período pandêmico. Amparada por dados de uma pesquisa realizada no período que antecedeu a Covid-19 – 2019 – e por outras que aconteceram durante a pandemia, a proposta é pontuar os links de conexão entre esses dois momentos. Apesar da hiperexposição do idoso durante a pandemia de Covid-19, com destaque para a estigmatização e os diferentes níveis de violência, é possível perceber que se tratou de uma exacerbação da visibilidade, mas não de algo novo. No caso do cruzamento entre cuidado e velhice, podemos dizer que um grande segredo público veio à tona.
“Eu vivo num mundo muito burguês, não moro na periferia”: não vacinação infantil e a intersecção entre raça, classe e gênero
Authors: Matos Camila Carvalho de Souza Amorim , Tavares Jeane Saskya Campos , Couto Marcia Thereza
Published: June 2024

O artigo analisa como os marcadores raça, gênero, classe social e espacialidade se interseccionam e se refletem nas tomadas de decisão em saúde, mais especificamente na (não) vacinação infantil. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa conduzida nas cidades de Florianópolis (SC) e São Luís (MA), Brasil, com famílias com crianças de até seis anos de idade. Neste artigo, examinam-se, por meio de análise temática, as narrativas das/dos 19 responsáveis de Florianópolis que optaram por não vacinar total ou parcialmente a(s) criança(s) sob sua responsabilidade. Gênero revela-se um importante marcador na tomada de decisão no âmbito intrafamiliar, enquanto classe social, raça e espacialidade surgem como importantes marcadores na percepção de quem são os “nós” que não precisam das vacinas e os “outros” que precisam. Os achados são discutidos pelo referencial da interseccionalidade e de estudos teóricos sobre branquitude e parentalidade neoliberal.
Perinatal mental health and care. Intersections and reconfigurations in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, in Argentina
Authors: González María Fernanda , Mattioli Marina
Published: June 2024

Perinatal mental health refers to the psychosocial processes that occur during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. A study was carried out with a quantitative-qualitative design, with quota sampling, with pregnant and postpartum women from three hospitals in two Argentine provinces during the Covid-19 pandemic. An in-person survey was conducted with 300 women. The results indicate a slight increase in care time and a decrease in time dedicated to paid work. A great concern was found among women about changes in health care, the care and health of their children, and the daily management of care. A high incidence of anxiety in pregnant women and postpartum depression was recorded. Studying maternal mental health and the organization of care from a gender perspective allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the suffering of women mothers understood as social subjects.
Dialogues with daily life in the territory: the principle of action in the extended communities for action-research community
Authors: Cunha Marize Bastos da , Pivetta Fatima , Dominguez Marcos Thimoteo , Sousa Fabiana Melo
Published: June 2024

Based on action-research experiences in favelas and poor neighborhoods in Rio de Janeiro, the article discusses the paths of popular education as a principle of action, reflecting on the relationship between territory and daily life. It presents the method of the Extended Community of Action-Research developed as an artisanal path of mediation with the territory. The artisanal, dialogical and spiral dimension of the method allows us to respond to the problems presented in the field of research and in the daily life of the territory where it is developed. The principle of action of the method contributes to the discussion on the ways of doing research in the field of popular education, as well as on the possibilities of popular surveillance, where the center of the movement lies in local social agents.
Sailing through the “river of life”: care production in urgent and emergency situations in an Amazon territory
Authors: Reis Ana Elizabeth Sousa , Schweickardt Julio Cesar , Guedes Thalita Renata Oliveira das Neves , Santos Izi Caterini Paiva Alves Martinelli dos , Murta Sheila Giardini
Published: June 2024

This study examined the production of care in healthcare services, adopting the participatory methodology “river of life”. Conducted in a riverside community in the interior of the Amazonas region, the research employed this reflective approach, involving the creation of a river using artistic materials such as colored pencils and cardboard. The technique fostered closeness with the stories, trajectories, and empowerment of community agents, users, and caregivers. This profound experience provided insights into the territorial challenges in accessing healthcare during urgent situations. Recording narratives during collective work sessions served as a data collection method, facilitating dialogue between the healthcare team and caregivers, enriching the understanding of regional dynamics involved in emergency care.
An Exploitation of Mountain Forest and Forest Ownership Issues in Central and Western region of Inner Mongolia during the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong periods of the Qing Dynasty: Taking the Daqing Mountain and Muna Mountain
Authors:   The Korean Association for Mongolian Studies, Saqira Saqira
Published: June 2024

During the Qing dynasty, the wood tax was a non-negligible part of the source of customs duties of the imperial court, therefore, the nationwide mountain and forest exploitation activities carried out by both the official supervision as well as the local and social businessmen and citizens were very active. In the wave of resource exploitation and utilization, the Mongolian Banner Mountain products, which were still under the domain of Mongolia, had also been stolen and sold, becoming a “special area” under the situation of banning. There are countless discussions of different dimensions on the mining process as well as the banning and unbanning time of Daqing Mountain and Muna Mountain forests in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia. However, it is still necessary to discuss in depth about how the imperial court handled the mining, transportation and sale of the mountain forests in this area under the “blocked” state.
In other words, why did the Qing court strictly impose a policy of banning the border areas while allowing the smuggling and selling of mountains and forests to occur, and even the official supervision and commercial office of felling and transporting wood plants in the Muna Mountains. In addition, during the process of mining and selling mountain wood vegetation, the ownership right of its mountain forest has gradually formed in the unique form of “boundary” or “the forbidden”, which has become a unique form of mountain forest ownership in Mongolia. Among them, the process of temples in Mongolia region confirming the rights to the surrounding mountains and forests is clearer than that of the local society or the country, which fully demonstrates its unique nature.
Analysis of Th1/Th2 cytokine profile and clinical characteristics of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Rong , Yin Gaofei , Guo Wei , Li Nuan , Zhang Yang , Chen Xiaohong , Huang Zhigang
Published: June 2024

Immune system biomarkers in cancer pathogenesis offer new therapeutic avenues, as seen in cytokine (CK) profiles of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumors. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 58 patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumors and 27 patients with benign vocal cord lesions to explore the role of serum CKs in these diseases’ characteristics and immunotherapy. The differences in the levels of 12 cytokines were measured. Additionally, the study examined the correlation between T helper cells (Th)1/Th2 cytokine levels and the clinical characteristics and immunotherapy efficacy of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. The results show that the balance of Th1/Th2 is biased towards Th2 in patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumors. Among these, interleukin (IL)-6 (P = 0.021) was highly expressed in laryngeal tumors, and the expression levels of IL-1β (P = 0.008), IL-6 (P = 0.005), and IL-8 (P = 0.05) were higher in patients with poorly differentiated laryngeal tumors. The level of IL-4 (P = 0.0048) was significantly correlated with tumor location. The expression levels of IL-2 (P = 0.010), IL-4 (P = 0.028), IL-10 (P = 0.011), IL-12p70 (P = 0.034), IL-17 (P = 0.024), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (P = 0.003), and interferon (IFN)-γ (P = 0.007) were related to lymph node metastasis. The level of IFN-γ (P = 0.016) was correlated with the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy, while the level of IFN-α (P = 0.013) was significantly correlated with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results showed that patients with tumors, poor differentiation, and lymph node metastasis had higher levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokine separation. In conclusion, the shift in the balance of Th1 and Th2 cytokine expression indicates higher tumor invasiveness, and IFN has potential as a circulating molecular marker for immunotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Solar PV and canal irrigation financing: Leveraging energy cash flow for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Dan Barbulescu
Published: June 2024

This research paper explores the innovative financing model for integrating Solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems with canal irrigation infrastructure. The focus is on utilizing energy cash flow generation to fund these sustainable projects. The study investigates the potential benefits, economic feasibility, and environmental impacts of this model, particularly in regions with extensive canal networks and high solar insolation. A specific case study of the Siret-Bărăgan irrigation canal in Romania, powered by floating photovoltaic systems, is analysed in detail. This study explores the feasibility and benefits of financing the Siret-Bărăgan irrigation canal in Romania through the integration of floating Photovoltaic (PV) systems. The project aims to address water scarcity, enhance agricultural productivity, and promote sustainable energy production. By leveraging green bond financing, the initiative proposes a financially viable and environmentally sustainable solution to Romania’s irrigation and energy challenges. The paper presents an in-depth analysis of the project’s technical, economic, and environmental aspects, underscoring its potential as a model for similar projects globally.
Features of motor stereotype kinematics and kinetics in children with achondroplasia: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Dolganova T. I. , Smolkova L. V. , Dolganov D. V. , Aranovich A. M. , Gvozdev N. S. , Popkov D. А.
Published: June 2024

Introduction The study of the kinematic and kinetic parameters of gait in children with achondroplasia would allow a more detailed understanding of the features of their locomotion and determine the strategy of planned treatment.

Purpose To evaluate features of locomotor kinematics and kinetics in children with achondroplasia and compare with peers without orthopedic pathology.

Materials and methods The locomotor profile was assessed by video gait analysis. Kinematic data were recorded by Qualisys7+ optical cameras (8 cameras) with passive marker video capture technology synchronized with six dynamic platforms KISTLER (Switzerland). The analysis of kinematics and kinetics was carried out in the QTM (Qualisys) and Visual3D (C-Motion) programs with automated calculation of the values of indicators of the total peak power in the joints. Three groups were formed for gait analysis: 1) children 6–7  years old, achondroplasia (6 subjectsle, n = 12 limbs); 2) their peers, children without orthopedic pathology, 6–7 years old (8 subjects, n = 16 limbs); 3) children without orthopedic pathology 3–4 years old similar in height (8 subjects, n = 16 limbs).

Results In children with achondroplasia, statistically significant disorder in locomotor kinetics and kinematics were found. The former are associated with a longitudinal deficiency of limb segments and decreased walking speed. The latter are not associated with a longitudinal deficit, but manifested in all planes, namely: an increase in the maximum forward inclination of the pelvis, a flexion position in the hip and knee joints, and dorsal flexion of the ankle joint; increased maximum angle of hip abduction and varus deformity of the knee joint; increased rotational range of motion of the pelvis.

Discussion Since the characteristic features of the main gait profile begin to appear in children by the age of 4–5 years, and is associated with the formation of the activity of central and spinal generators that induce the self-organization of motor stereotypes, we believe that the deviations detected in the locomotor kinematics are secondary pathogenetic manifestations of the kinetics due to the longitudinal deficit in limb segments.

Conclusion Features of locomotor kinetics in children with achondroplasia are due to the longitudinal deficit of the limb length and are associated with low walking speed. Significant deviations of the locomotor kinematics were not associated with the longitudinal deficit of the segments, but were detected in all planes and are related to the entire biomechanical chain.
CAREdose 4D Application in Brain CT Scan: The Effect on Dose and Image Quality
Authors: Abdolmaleki Mohammad Sadegh , Jafari Salman , Nikzad Safoora
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of CAREdose4D on the dose and image quality in Brain Computed Tomography (CT).
Materials and Methods: Noise, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR) for Gray Matter (GM), White Matter (WM), Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), and skull bones were investigated in brain CT scans of 60 patients. In addition, a phantom study was conducted to examine the effect of CAREdose 4D on the same subject in the brain, chest, abdomen, and pelvic CT protocols. Volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and Dose Length Product (DLP) were recorded for each scan. Data were analyzed by T-test and Mann-Whitney statistical test with a significance level of less than 0.05.
Results: The following results were obtained in active and passive modes of CAREdose 4D in brain CT of patients, respectively: CTDIvol, 15.76±3.94 and 16.96±2.14 mGy (p<0.05); DLP, 253.81±84.69 and 252.73±43.26 mGy.cm (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between SNRs and noise of various tissues of the brain (p>0.05) but CNR difference for gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was significant (p<0.05). In the phantom study, SNR decreased in the active status of CAREdose 4D for the head in sequential and spiral modes, Chest, abdomen and pelvis by 7%, 84%, 45%, 20%, and 22%, respectively.
Conclusion: CAREdose 4D reduces the dose without having an adverse effect on noise and SNR in brain CT scans. It is recommended newbies and untrained technicians to use CAREdose 4D.
The Most Effective VAF Threshold for Extracting the Optimum Number of Synergies for Reaching Movement in a Two-Link Arm Model with Two DoF
Authors: Nowshiravan Rahatabad Fereydoon , Farzaneh Bahalgerdy Elham
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Muscle synergy is a motor feature composed of synergy patterns and activation coefficients. This study aimed to combine the two-link arm model with synergy patterns and muscle activation coefficients, which in turn leads to selecting the optimum number of synergies by changing the best Variability Account For (VAF) criterion.
Materials and Methods: In this paper, signals were recorded from six arm muscles involved in arm-reaching movement while carrying a certain weight (w=700 g) by 20 subjects. The synergy pattern and activation coefficient matrices were calculated by using the Non-negative Matrix Factorization method (NNMF) and VAF criterion. Subsequently, to find the best VAF threshold, the output of signal preprocessing and NNMF’s output were done on Hill’s model.
Results: Average VAF% for 20 subjects in the mentioned movement was 97.34±2.0%, and four numbers of synergies were determined.
Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that the output of the W*H matrix (W and H are equal to the synergy pattern matrix and the activation coefficient matrix, in turn) had harmony with the output of the signal matrix recorded from all 20 subjects (output means the endpoint position and theta 1 and theta 2 angles) when they were performed as input on the two-link arm model. This harmony can be seen when choosing the best VAF critical threshold (value≥96%) via the aforementioned procedure. This harmony in turn contributes to exerting a positive influence on optimal extracting synergy patterns and describing the arm-reaching space more clearly.
Enhancing Flexibility through Chinese Auriculotherapy: Investigating the Impact on Sit and Reach Test – A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Teixeira Garramona Fabrício , Oliveira Moreira Rita Stéphanny , Korch Henri , Eduarda Cruz Júlia , Milano Teixeira Luis Felipe
Published: June 2024

Chinese auriculotherapy (CA) is a technique that is part of acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Acupuncture techniques have been utilized in physical practices to enhance performance and manage pain. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether CA can enhance performance in stretching exercises. Thus, this study aims to determine if CA can have an ergogenic effect on the sit and reach test and to evaluate the impact of CA on pain perception and effort during the test. Our hypotheses is that CA will positively influence performance in the sit and reach test by reducing pain perception through the implemented protocol. The study employed a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. The sample consisted of 15 individuals (12 women and 3 men, mean age 22.33 ± 6.4 years, BMI 23.43 ± 4.24). The participants underwent a flexibility assessment protocol using the sit and reach test under three different conditions: I) CA protocol; II) CA placebo protocol (CAP); III) control group without any therapeutic intervention (CG). Subjective pain and effort perception were evaluated using the CR-10 Borg scale. A statistical difference was observed between CA vs. CAP and CA vs. CG in the sit and reach test. No statistical changes were found for the other variables and conditions studied. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Therefore, CA can enhance performance in the sit and reach test; however, the mechanisms responsible for this improvement are still unclear.
Persian Medicine Standard Terminology
Authors: Daneshfrad Babak , Irannejad Shahrzad , Shams Mohammad , Shirzad Meysam , Alizadeh Vaghasloo Mahdi , Abbasian Alireza , Naghizadeh Ayeh , Mojahedi Morteza
Published: June 2024

Persian Medicine (PM) is an ancient and holistic healthcare approach that has been practiced for thousands of years. While PM is often considered to be a traditional or alternative form of medicine, it has a rich history and a wealth of knowledge that can be of great value in contemporary medical practice. It encompasses a wide range of medical practices, including herbal medicine, dietary therapy, manual intervention, and lifestyle modification. Despite its long history and widespread use, there is a lack of standardized terminology in PM, which can lead to confusion and miscommunication among practitioners and patients. The Persian Medicine standard terminology provides a framework for understanding Persian medical concepts and terminology and can serve as a bridge between traditional and modern medicine. Therefore, to systematize the use of Persian medicine standard terminology, a working group was formed in the Persian Medicine Office of the Iranian Ministry of Health. After gathering opinions from experts in Persian medicine and the English language, a set of commonly used words was identified for the project. The first step of the project includes 100 standardized terms which are presented in this paper.
Traditional Thai Compress Therapy for Pain Relief and Enhanced Physical Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kristinawati Beti , Wahyu Mardana Nyofan , Dwi Wijayanti Nove Wiand , Baikadem Nurhanan
Published: June 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a persistent inflammatory condition that impacts the joints, resulting in sensations of discomfort, reduced mobility, and localized edema. This study investigates the efficacy of Traditional Thai Compress therapy in mitigating pain and enhancing physical functioning among persons diagnosed with RA. The study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial (RCT). There are the groups where the participants were randomly assigned—each group comprises 141 individuals. To address the possibility of bias and to uphold the objectivity in the research investigation, blinding methods were employed for both therapists and assessors. This study used three questionnaires: the Demographic Questionnaire, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain assessment, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) for evaluating physical activity levels. After one month of implementing the therapy, there were no notable differences observed in the control group. Additionally, it is worth noting that the intervention group displayed a difference that has been determined to be significant from a statistical standpoint in the level of pain and physical activity ratings among all categories (p < 0.001). The Traditional Thai Compress has been found to provide substantial empirical data that supports its therapeutic efficacy in reducing pain and enhancing physical functionality in individuals diagnosed with RA.
REFORMATION OF THE BANKING SECTOR IN THE INTERESTS OF PROTECTION OF SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED POPULATION GROUPS
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Legal Regulation of Economic Operations of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Barkov Aleksey V. , Kiselev Aleksandr S. ,   Senior Research Scientist of the Center for Research and Expert Examinations of the Law Faculty of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

Today, in the context of unprecedented aggressive sanctions pressure, the need to change the existing paradigm of providing banking services to the socially unprotected population is more urgent than ever before. Taking into account the unstable military-political situation, various measures should be developed to support socially vulnerable citizens for whom the availability of existing benefits is insufficient to meet basic needs. The banking sector in the vast majority of cases pursues private interests — obtaining maximum benefits from the provision of banking services while minimizing possible risks. In this regard, the use of a socially oriented approach is often not actively used in the banking sector. For example, many preferential lending programs for low-income citizens carry a high degree of risk, so banks have little interest in issuing loans and providing any benefits. That is why the state, as the main regulator of economic processes, must find parity between the interests of banks and ensuring the financial well-being of these categories of citizens. In a crisis, such a policy is of decisive importance for the whole society and the development of all sectors of the economy in the state. This article suggests some directions of possible reformations of the Russian banking sector in order to ensure the protection of socially vulnerable segments of the population.
Economic Disadvantage and Release from Rent Payment under a Social Rent Agreement: Laws, Doctrine and Judicial Practice
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law of the Law Institute of the Irkutsk State University, PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Bezik Nina V. , Suslova Svetlana I. ,   Deputy Director for Research of the Irkutsk Institute (Branch) of the All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), LL.D., Associate Professor
Published: June 2024

The work identifies the problem of the lack of an appropriate legal mechanism, on the basis of which the realization of the right of a citizen to be exempted from paying rent under a social contract of employment would be ensured. It is shown that the Housing Code of the Russian Federation provides for the existence of a unified procedure for recognizing citizens as poor, however, it delimits the goals and legal consequences of classifying citizens to this category. It is postulated that the procedure for recognizing persons as poor for the purposes of registration significantly burdens citizens who wish to be recognized as poor for the purpose of exemption from rent. Methods for solving this problem are proposed by adjusting the provisions of both federal and regional legislation.
Exchange of Residential Premises: Tales of the Past and Long-Term Prospects
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Civil Law of the Perm State University, LL.D., Associate Professor, Formakidov Dmitry A.
Published: June 2024

The article examines the legal relations arising from the exchange of residential premises provided under social employment contracts. A retrospective analysis of the legislation regulating the exchange is given. The norms of the current legislation are analyzed and critically evaluated. Conclusions are drawn about the need to preserve the institute of exchange in connection with its demand and lack of alternatives. The introduction of a standard exchange agreement is proposed.
Special Aspects of the Contractual Liability in Islamic Law
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Civil and Entrepreneurial Law of the All-Russian State University of Justice, LL.D., Associate Professor, Batrova Tatyana A.
Published: June 2024

The development of commercial relations with the countries of the Arab East requires a deeper understanding of the peculiarities of their legal system, including in terms of the implementation of civil liability measures. The article examines the features of the doctrine of Islamic law, notes various approaches to solving individual issues of liability for breach of contract due to the existence of various maskhabs, characterizes such forms of liability as daman and amana, analyzes the influence of various circumstances on determining the grounds and limits of liability, including force majeure. The practical implementation of these provisions is illustrated by references to the civil legislation of Egypt, Iran, Qatar and the UAE. The author comes to the conclusion that Islamic legislation reflects a rather peculiar perception of legal reality, which does not always coincide with the legal understanding inherent in the countries of the Romano-German or Anglo-American legal systems, although the approaches formed in it show general ideas about the grounds and limits of civil liability for violation of contractual obligations, as well as exemption from they are based on a deep understanding of the need to implement the principle of justice in civil legal relations.
The Need for Singling out General Provisions in the Legal Regulation of Damages in Tort
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law of the Russian State University of Justice, PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Kostina Olga V.
Published: June 2024

Modern Russian legislation should strive for maximum specificity of normative generalizations, allowing with sufficient certainty to carry out legal qualification of diverse but homogeneous social relations. The article defines the significance of normative generalizations in relation to Chapter 59 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to analyze the mutual influence of the two main approaches to the formulation of normative rules (abstract and casuistic), proving their relevance at present. According to the results of the study, the author concludes that the formation of general provisions in the legal regulation of obligations from the infliction of harm are an important component of codification work, including an indicator of a high degree of development of the legislation of this sphere of legal relations.
Tort Liability for Violation of Digital Rights: Problems and Development Prospects
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Civil Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), LL.D., Professor, Vasilevskaya Lyudmila Yu.
Published: June 2024

Based on the basic provisions of tort law, it is concluded that it is necessary to develop norms on compensation for damage for the loss of digital law. The position on the independent and autonomous qualification of illegal actions of the interventionist in cases of hacker attacks on information systems (blocking, deletion, hacking of the user account of the system, etc.) is argued. According to the author, the actions of the delinquent are the basis not only for the violation of obligations by the debtor, but also for the loss of the creditor’s digital property right. It is concluded that the risks caused by the digitalization of civil turnover should be accompanied by the development of special torts by the legislator.
The System of Guarantees of Electoral Rights as the Fundamental Legal Structure of the Mechanism of Delegation of Power by the People
Authors:   Head of the Department of Monitoring of Legislative Initiatives and Systematization of Laws of the Legal Directorate of the Administrative Office of the Federation, Golovin Aleksey G.
Published: June 2024

The article shows that guarantees of electoral rights and the right of citizens to take part in a referendum also play the role of guarantees of the mechanism of delegation of power to elected bodies and officials, adoption of legitimate decisions at a referendum. This is the manifestation of the harmonious dualism of their legal nature that accounts for their dual purpose in a democratic law-governed state. In its second aspect, the system of guarantees of electoral rights acts as the cornerstone of the entire legitimate public government system and the fundamental legal structure of delegation of power by the people, the source of which is the people. The author offers a definition of guarantees of electoral rights and the right to take part in a referendum that is somewhat broader as compared to the one contained in the applicable laws. The paper singles out prospects of further detailed elaboration of the system of guarantees of electoral rights in the broad scope of improvement of the mechanism of delegation of power by the people.
Effect of Bacterial Consortium and Rice Husk Charcoal to Control Downy Mildew in Corn (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Sukorini H. , Santoso Y. , Prasetyo W.H. , Roeswitawati N.D. , Ikhwan A. , Ishartati E.
Published: June 2024

Background: The purpose of applying bacterial consortium and rice husk charcoal to corn plants is to determine the effect of the combination and whether it can control the intensity of downy mildew attacks and increase corn plant growth. Methods: This research was conducted at the experimental farm of the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. This research was conducted using two factors: the dose of rice husk charcoal application and the application of bacterial consortium with three replications using a randomized block design. The treatments were Charcoal husk (H): H5 = Charcoal husk @5 tons/ha, H10= Charcoal husk @10 tons, H15 Charcoal husk @15 tons/ha, Bacterial consortium (W): W0= without bacteria, WL = bacterial consortium 10 cc/l via foliar spraying, WS = bacterial consortium 10cc/l through soil, WLS = bacterial consortium 10cc/l through soil and foliar spraying Result: The results showed that the intensity of downy mildew attack on the combined application of the bacterial consortium and rice husk charcoal was lower than that of the no-combination treatment. The length and diameter of the plants that were treated with rice husk charcoal had a significant effect. Still, the application of the bacterial consortium had no effectand the number of leaves was not affected by the treatment.
Forecasting future global agricultural water demand: current projections and future challenges
Authors:   International Water Management Institute, Sri Lanka, Amarasinghe Upali A. , Amaranath Giriraj ,   International Water Management Institute, Sri Lanka, Sikka Alok ,   International Water Management Institute, India
Published: June 2024

Population and economic growth, urbanization, and lifestyle changes are key drivers of water demand estimation. Climatic change and risks add another dimension to the calculus. However, unreliable baseline information and future uncertainties of many drivers are barriers to accurate demand projections, which are essential for future planning. This chapter re-looks at the current global agricultural water demand estimations and challenges for making reliable future projections, which are crucial for two reasons. First is the large share of the water withdrawals and the population that depend on direct and indirect livelihoods at present in the agricultural sector in developing countries. Second, the emerging climatic risks with variable temperatures and rainfall frequently affect agriculture production globally. Because of interlinkages with international trade, accurate global water and food demand productions will be critical for planning food, water, and nutritional security, national climate adaptation actions, and achieving sustainable development targets in many developing countries.
Advances in drainage design and management for irrigated agriculture
Authors:   Wageningen University, The Netherlands, Ritzema Henk
Published: June 2024

Investments in drainage in irrigated agriculture are lagging well behind investments in irrigation. As a result, salinity and waterlogging problems now affect about 10–16% of these irrigated areas. To combat these problems and to cope with gradual changes in land use and a changing climate, the role of drainage has changed from a single-purpose measure for controlling waterlogging and/or salinity to an essential element of integrated water management under multiple land use scenarios. To give drainage its appropriate role in agricultural water management in irrigated agriculture, the current advances in drainage design and management are focussing on (i) creating more control, (ii) reducing the environmental effects of drainage, (iii) developing new materials and (iv) adapting the organization of drainage water management to increase farmer participation. In this chapter, these advances in drainage design and management are discussed with a focus on Egypt, a country with one of the largest drainage practices in the world.
Managing energy demands in irrigated agriculture
Authors:   University of Córdoba, Spain, Rodríguez Díaz J. A. , Mérida García A. ,   University of Córdoba, Spain, González Perea R. ,   University of Córdoba, Spain, Fernández García I. ,   University of Córdoba, Spain
Published: June 2024

The modernisation of irrigation districts, where traditional networks based on open channels are replaced by pressurised pipe networks, represents a change in the delicate balance between water and energy use. In this way, water use efficiency is increased, but energy consumption is highly augmented. This fact implies a rise in water supply costs that, in many cases, can lead to a very significant reduction in farmers’ profits. This chapter addresses, on the one hand, measures to achieve energy savings in the water supply in pressurised networks of around 20–30%. These measures consist of alternative management strategies for the irrigation network and improvements in the hydraulic infrastructure. On the other hand, it highlights the potential role of renewable energies, including solar photovoltaic and micro-hydraulic energy, which can reduce energy costs and reduce the carbon footprint of agricultural production. All of these options are illustrated with reference to results obtained from Spanish case studies. Finally, new energy-saving measures can be developed based on deep learning from data. Thus, the roles of big data and artificial intelligence techniques that allow forecasting the demand at both irrigation district and plot scale are discussed. These measures will allow network management to be adapted to real operating situations, based on water demand forecasts, and will contribute to a more efficient use of water and energy resources.
Managing the irrigation efficiency paradox to “free” water for the environment
Authors:   University of East Anglia, UK, Lankford Bruce , McCartney Matthew ,   International Water Management Institute, Sri Lanka
Published: June 2024

Reducing water consumption (equivalent to depletion) in irrigated agriculture ‘saves’ water, freeing it up to be allocated to other sectors, for example, to restore environmental flows. However, this task is not straightforward because consumption is difficult to adjust; there are many scales, motives, actors, concepts, calculations and hydrological practices and processes involved. Without a comprehensive approach to managing water, attempts to save water typically result in no observed effect, a reduction in crop production, a redistribution of water, or, paradoxically, an increase in water consumption. To address this challenge, a six-part ‘irrigation savings allocation framework’ (ISAF) to effect consumption-based savings is proposed. It first considers crop water requirements, then field applications, through to intra-system, and then system withdrawals of water. ISAF controls for irrigation consumption rebound and reuse in order to reduce depletion at the basin scale, and it tracks ‘freed up’ water to ensure it can be allocated to nature or other sectors.
Managing the impacts of climate change, droughts and water scarcity on agriculture
Authors:   National Central University, Taiwan, Wu Ray-Shyan , Hussain Fiaz ,   PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Published: June 2024

This chapter discusses the challenges of managing climate change, droughts, and water scarcity in the context of agricultural food crop production. We highlight the various strategies that can be implemented to address these challenges, including adaptation, mitigation, water management, government policies, and international cooperation.
COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF THERMAL PERFORMANCE AND TIME-LAG IN RESIDENTIAL APARTMENTS IN AMMAN
Authors:   Master’s in advanced architecture, Technology in Architecture, Architectural Department, University of Jordan, Amman 11185, Jordan, Swiety Dalia Salah , Alrefaee Ramzi Qasmeem ,   Design Coordinator, Concept and planning, Technology in Architecture, Architectural Department, University of Jordan, Dubai 25314, UAE
Published: June 2024

This exploration investigates the potential of enhancing energy efficiency in residential structures in Amman, Jordan, by introducing an innovative material termed "Phase Transition Substance with Fungal Integration (PTSF)." Through computational simulations using Autodesk-Revit, the analysis evaluates the thermal efficiency of a standard residential building, contrasting traditional construction materials with PTSF. The study centers on three crucial elements: outer walls (W.01), roof (R.01), and ground level slab (S.01), all initially not meeting prescribed thermal conductivity regulations. Integration of PTSF notably improves the thermal efficacy of the building's shell, aligning with Jordanian standards for thermal insulation. Furthermore, a systematic examination explores the time delay of materials within the residential envelope, revealing an average lag of approximately 8 hours. This lag implies that, with the incorporation of the PTSF layer, the envelope requires 8 hours to transmit external temperatures (e.g., 30°C) to attain the interior's peak temperature, underscoring the material's potential in curbing energy consumption.
INTELLIGENT NUMERICAL METHOD FOR STUDYING MAXWELL WILLIAMSON NANOFLUID FLOW WITH ACTIVATION ENERGY
Authors:   PhD student, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia Lecturer, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia, A. Alshehery Eman Fayz , Alaidarous Eman Salem ,   Professor, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia, Alharbey Rania. A. ,   Professor, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia, Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor ,   Professor, Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan.
Published: June 2024

The use of artificial intelligence and its techniques has become increasingly widespread in recent times. It is being used to solve stiff non-linear equations. Additionally, nanofluids play a pivotal role in studying heat transfer. All of this was the motivation for doing this work. This work investigates a two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic stretched flow (2D-MHDSF) of Maxwell Williamson nanofluid (MWNF) affected by bioconvection and activation energy numerically through Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation method (LMBM)-based artificial neural network approach. The mathematical formulation for the problem was obtained through non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs). The leading PDEs were transmitted into non-linear ordinary differential equations by similarity transformation variables. The reference results for the 2D-MHDSF-MWNF model are produced by the Lobatto IIIA method through different scenarios of specific parameters for the flow velocity, fluid temperature, nanoparticle concentration, and motile density profiles. Using obtained results as a dataset to apply the testing, training, and validation steps of the suggested LMBM for the 2D-MHDSF-MWNF model. The mean squared error, analysis of regression, and error histograms are presented to prove the efficiency and precision of the proposed method. The numerical results of LMBM are displayed as a study of the effects of different physical factors on flow dynamics for 2D-MHDSF-MWNF.
THE NATIONALITY OF THE ARBITRAL SENTENCE IN INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION
Authors:   PhD, Associate Professor at Faculty of Law, University of Bucharest, Director of the International Private Law and International Environmental Law Centre at Faculty of Law, University of Bucharest, Arbitrator for Court of International Commercial Arbitration of the, Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Romania, Lawyer in the Bucharest Bar, Stănescu Șerban-Alexandru , Dimofte Ana-Maria ,   PhD candidate and Assistant professor at the Faculty of Law, University of Bucharest and Paris I - Pantheon Sorbonne, Trainee judge at the Romanian National Institute of Magistracy
Published: June 2024

In the case of international disputes resolved by means of arbitration, the cross-border effects of the awards are essential for the parties. At first glance, these awards are assimilated to the national court judgements of the state where they were pronounced and are considered foreign court judgements in any other state. Nevertheless, in some cases, the links between the arbitral procedures and the place of pronouncement of the awards are weak or even non-existent, which raises serios doubts over the ability of this specific place to determine the nationality of the arbitral award. The described circumstance is the premise of the present scientific approach, which aims to deepen the analysis of the criteria for determining the nationality of an arbitral award (by a Romanian court), with implications on its cross-border effects, as well as on the procedures that could lead to its dissolution. From a methodological point of view, the research aims, successively, to inventory the applicable legal instruments, to delineate the solutions offered by them, in order to, finally, by overlapping them, provide a comprehensive theory on the determination of the nationality of an arbitral award.