bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theodicy or Not? Spiritual Struggles of Evangelical Cancer Survivors
Authors: Hall M. Elizabeth Lewis , Shannonhouse Laura , Aten Jamie , McMartin Jason , Silverman Eric
Published: November 2018

Using Park’s meaning-making model to inform our understanding of distress in suffering, we conducted a qualitative investigation of the discrepancies experienced by evangelical Christian cancer patients between their religious global meaning and their situational meaning, and the religious beliefs invoked to resolve the discrepancy. Three primary research questions were addressed: (a) What kinds of tensions do evangelical Christians with a diagnosis of cancer experience between their religious global meaning system (i.e., beliefs) and their situational meaning, if any?; (b) Why may some experience tension while others may not?; and (c) How are tensions resolved if they arise? Twenty-nine evangelical Christians with cancer diagnoses were interviewed. Post hoc thematic analysis, informed by grounded theory was used to analyze the interviews. Roughly two-thirds of our sample denied experiencing any tension between their faith and their cancer experience. Protective factors included confidence in God and a spiritual kind of intellectual humility. Roughly one-third did indicate experiencing tension, which took the form of doubting God’s justice, love, existence, or answering of prayer. When these tensions were resolved, this resolution appeared to involve a kind of spiritual surrender, including acknowledgement of God’s control, humility before God, and relinquishing the assumption of a just world.
The LOOP Estimator: Adjusting for Covariates in Randomized Experiments
Authors: Wu Edward , Gagnon-Bartsch Johann A.
Published: November 2018

Background:

When conducting a randomized controlled trial, it is common to specify in advance the statistical analyses that will be used to analyze the data. Typically, these analyses will involve adjusting for small imbalances in baseline covariates. However, this poses a dilemma, as adjusting for too many covariates can hurt precision more than it helps, and it is often unclear which covariates are predictive of outcome prior to conducting the experiment.

Objectives:

This article aims to produce a covariate adjustment method that allows for automatic variable selection, so that practitioners need not commit to any specific set of covariates prior to seeing the data.

Results:

In this article, we propose the “leave-one-out potential outcomes” estimator. We leave out each observation and then impute that observation’s treatment and control potential outcomes using a prediction algorithm such as a random forest. In addition to allowing for automatic variable selection, this estimator is unbiased under the Neyman–Rubin model, generally performs at least as well as the unadjusted estimator, and the experimental randomization largely justifies the statistical assumptions made.
Ridiculed, but safe: What e-mothers’ discussion on migration tells us about the potential of ‘third spaces’ for the political communication of women
Authors: Vochocová Lenka , Rosenfeldová Jana
Published: November 2018

This article presents research findings exploring discursive qualities of political talk on migration and Islam in a female-dominated parenting forum. Approaching the concept of ‘third spaces’ from a feminist perspective, it aims at revealing whether the primarily non-political online forum serves as a sheltered environment for women who are marginalized in online political discussions in other spaces. The results of our content analysis show that despite a very high level of incivility in the parenting forum, women create a space in which they protect themselves from harmful personal attacks and humiliation and that the participating male minority seems to respect this approach.
Long-term impact of critical silent cerebrovascular disease in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: a propensity score and multivariate analyses
Authors: Imura Hajime , Maruyama Yuji , Amitani Ryosuke , Maeda Motohiro , Shirakawa Makoto , Nitta Takashi
Published: November 2018

Background:

Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) with brain hypoperfusion is a strong risk factor for stroke. However, how this pathology influences long-term outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is not known.

Methods:

Magnetic resonance imaging/angiography (MRI/A) of the neck and brain was performed in 318 out of 575 consecutive CABG patients between May 2005 and April 2018. Critical CVD with chronic hypoperfusion was defined as multiple severe stenoses (⩾70%) and/or occlusion in the carotid and/or vertebral systems associated with reduced collateral flow due to severe contralateral and/or circle of Willis lesion. Fifty patients were identified to have this pathology (early results were previously reported). The entire cohort was followed up for 83.6 ± 53.7 months. Carotid endarterectomy was considered for symptomatic patients. Propensity matching was performed to compare long-term outcomes between patients with and without critical CVD.

Results:

Patients with critical CVD at follow-up displayed significantly higher incidences of stroke than those without critical CVD (p=0.007), with an extremely high final incidence (approximately 40% at 8 years). However, survival (p=0.623) and incidences of major adverse cardiac events (MACE: myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization and all causes of death) (p=0.881) were similar. The Cox hazard model revealed that critical CVD was the strongest risk factor for stroke (p=0.000; hazard ratio 6.572; 95% confidence interval 2.657–16.258) while not affecting survival and MACE.

Conclusion:

Critical CVD was the strongest risk factor for long-term stroke after CABG. However, survival and MACE-free rates were equivalent in patients with critical CVD and those without critical CVD.
Prolonged slow expiration technique improves recovery from acute bronchiolitis in infants: FIBARRIX randomized controlled trial
Authors: Conesa-Segura Enrique , Reyes-Dominguez Susana B , Ríos-Díaz José , Ruiz-Pacheco María Ángeles , Palazón-Carpe Cristina , Sánchez-Solís Manuel
Published: November 2018

Objective:

To examine the effect of prolonged slow expiration respiratory physiotherapy treatment on the acute bronchiolitis severity scale and O2 saturation at short-time and at medical discharge in infants and the hospital stay.

Design:

Randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

Infants’ unit of university hospital.

Participants:

Infants with acute bronchiolitis ( N = 80).

Intervention:

Infants were randomized into respiratory treatment (RT) with prolonged slow expiration or treatment as usual (control) for one-week period.

Main outcome measures:

The primary outcomes were Acute Bronchiolitis Severity Scale score and O2 saturation, recorded shortly after each intervention during the stay and at medical discharge, and the hospital stay.

Results:

The RT had a significantly lower Acute Bronchiolitis Severity Scale 10-minute after the first intervention (mean difference −1.7 points, 95% confidence interval (CI) −3.0 to −0.38), 2 hours after (–2.0 points, 95% CI −3.2 to −0.86) and the last day before medical discharge (−1.3 points, 95% CI −2.1 to 0.51). No changes were detected in O2 saturation. The survival analysis of time at medical discharge showed decrease in the average number of days to achieve an Acute Bronchiolitis Severity Scale of less than 2 points (RT: 2.6 days, 95% CI 2.1–3.1; Control: 4.4 days, 95% CI 3.6–5.1).

Conclusion:

A prolonged slow expiration physiotherapy reduces Acute Bronchiolitis Severity Scale scores and does not change O2 saturation. Infants in RT group stay less days in hospital than infants in control group and no adverse events were detected.
Gender differences in cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking among adolescents and young adults in Hanoi, Shanghai, and Taipei
Authors: Cui Yuanqi , Zhu Qianqian , Lou Chaohua , Gao Ersheng , Cheng Yan , Zabin Laurie S. , Emerson Mark R.
Published: November 2018

Objective

This study aimed to examine gender differences in smoking and alcohol drinking behaviors in three Asian cities of Hanoi, Shanghai, and Taipei, and to assess the magnitude of gender differences across the three cities.

Methods

A total of 17,016 adolescents (age: 15–19 years) and young adults (age: 20–24 years) were selected using multi-stage sampling methods and surveyed in face-to-face interviews. A total of 16,554 unmarried respondents were included in this analysis.

Results

Gender differences were significant for smoking only, drinking only, and both behaviors in each city. Male respondents were 30.66 times more likely to report smoking only than female respondents in Hanoi, followed by Shanghai and Taipei. This pattern was similar for drinking only and both smoking and drinking behaviors.

Conclusions

The magnitude of gender differences in smoking only, drinking only, and both behaviors widely varies across the three cities. Further research can examine how these differences may be used to prevent and reduce smoking and drinking in the adolescent and young adult population.
Management of postprandial hyperglycaemia and weight gain in women with gestational diabetes mellitus using a novel telemonitoring system
Authors: Al-ofi Ebtisam A. , Mosli Hala H. , Ghamri Kholoud A. , Ghazali Sarah M.
Published: November 2018

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of remotely delivered telemedicine dietary advice on monitoring of blood glucose levels and weight gain of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods

Women with GDM were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups: a Tele-GDM group that received a telemonitoring device, and a control group that was followed-up traditionally. A telemonitoring service calculated the ratio of reaching or exceeding the pregnancy weight gain target (according to pre-pregnancy weight), following Institute of Medicine guidelines for healthy pregnancy weight gain.

Results

The sample comprised 27 women in the Tele-GDM group and 30 in the control group. At the end of pregnancy, the Tele-GDM group showed significantly lower 2-hour postprandial glucose levels than the control group. Most women in the Tele-GDM group reached their recommended range of weight gain at the end of pregnancy. Additionally, the Tele-GDM group showed significantly lower weight gain than the control group.

Conclusions

Telemonitoring can facilitate close monitoring of women with GDM and motivate patients to adopt a healthy lifestyle.
Successful decellularization of thick-walled tissue: Highlighting pitfalls and the need for a multifactorial approach
Authors: Koenig Fabian , Kilzer Marie , Hagl Christian , Thierfelder Nikolaus
Published: November 2018

Introduction:

Decellularization of thick tissue is challenging and varying. Therefore, we tried to establish a multifactorial approach for reliable aortic wall decellularization.

Methods:

Porcine aortic walls were decellularized according to different procedures. Decellularization was performed for 24 (G1), 48 (G2), and 72 h (G3) with a solution of 0.5% desoxycholate and 0.5% dodecyl sulfate. The procedure was characterized using intermittent washing steps, the inclusion of sonication as well as DNase and α-galactosidase treatment. The decellularization efficiency was measured by the evaluation of 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and hematoxylin and eosin staining and quantitative DNA assays. Pentachrome and picrosirius red staining, scanning electron microscopy as well as glycosaminoglycan assays were performed to evaluate the effect of the procedure on the extracellular matrix.

Results:

4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole and hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed a large amount of remaining nuclei in all groups. However, consecutive DNase treatment had a significant effect. While the remaining DNA was detected in some samples of G1 and G2, samples of G3 were fully decellularized. Glycosaminoglycan content was significantly reduced to 50% after 24 h (G1) but remained constant for G2 and G3. Picrosirius red staining revealed an intact and stable collagen network without any visible defects. Pentachrome staining substantiated these results. Nonetheless, the fiber network remains intact, which could be confirmed by reflection electron microscopy analysis.

Conclusion:

In this study, we developed a procedure that grants successful decellularization of porcine aortic wall while maintaining the fibrous microstructure. We highlighted the significant effect of DNase and α-galactosidase treatment. In addition, we could show the need for a multifactorial treatment and comprehensive evaluation protocols for thick tissue decellularization.
Predictors of Sexual Violence Across Young Women’s Relationship Histories
Authors: Kennedy Angie C. , Bybee Deborah , Moylan Carrie A. , McCauley Heather L. , Prock Kristen A.
Published: November 2018

The goal of the current study was to identify risk factors that predict sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization across young women’s relationship histories, within a socioeconomically diverse sample recruited from a university, a 2-year college, and community organizations serving low-income young women. We interviewed 148 young women aged 18 to 24 years about partner victimization (physical IPV, coercive control, and sexual IPV) within each of their relationships (up to four relationships, beginning with their first; 388 in total). We used the life history calendar to structure the interviews and obtain detailed information about each relationship, including age difference between participants and their partners, and relationship length. We used multilevel modeling to examine primary caregiver highest grade completed (an indicator of socioeconomic status [SES]), participant age, age difference, relationship length, setting, and physical IPV/coercive control as predictors of sexual IPV during their first relationship and across Relationships 1 to 4. Sexual IPV during participants’ first relationship was inversely associated with SES and age, and positively associated with physical IPV/coercive control; 2-year college and community participants reported lower rates of sexual IPV during the first relationship, compared with university participants. The trajectory of sexual IPV across Relationships 1 to 4 declined among university participants and increased among 2-year college participants; age difference and physical IPV/coercive control positively covaried with sexual IPV across Relationships 1 to 4. Low SES, young age, large age difference, and the presence of physical IPV and coercive control may be risk factors for sexual IPV victimization within adolescent relationships. Sexual violence prevention and intervention approaches should incorporate these risk factors, and be designed to reach an increasingly socioeconomically diverse population across a variety of settings, to be effective.
Corruption and Political Participation in Hungary: Testing Models of Civic Engagement
Authors: Kostadinova Tatiana , Kmetty Zoltán
Published: November 2018

Extant literature concludes that corruption may have a devastating effect on economic growth and institutional trust in transitional democracies, but scholars remain divided on how malfeasance influences political behavior. In this article, we explore the likelihood of a mobilization effect of corruption in a post-communist setting. We argue that the indicators used in previous scholarship on corruption vary in important ways and may affect citizen incentives for participation differently. In particular, we hypothesize and then assess whether actual experience with bribery, perceptions of widespread corruption, and concerns about increase of corruption in the future encourage individuals to engage in different sets of activities. Original data from a 2014 post-election survey in Hungary are used for empirical tests of several regression models. Our findings suggest that the type of corruption assessment is important for the specific political activity in which a citizen would engage.
Numerical simulation of water jet–guided laser cutting of carbon fiber–reinforced plastics
Authors: Sun Dong , Han Fuzhu , Ying Weisheng
Published: November 2018

Carbon fiber–reinforced plastics are now widely used in various industries because of its excellent properties. Although milling and drilling are the dominating processing methods for carbon fiber–reinforced plastics at present, laser beam machining, as a wear-free, contactless and flexible process, is considered a promising alternative method. However, the thermal damage is one of the most important issues for laser beam machining of carbon fiber–reinforced plastics because of the significant difference in thermal properties of carbon fiber and matrix. Water jet–guided laser technique has been proved an effective technique to reduce heat damage. Nevertheless, there are few studies about carbon fiber–reinforced plastics processing with water jet–guided laser to date. It is important to understand the mechanism of interaction between water jet–guided laser and carbon fiber–reinforced plastics. Hence, a three-dimensional finite element model was developed to investigate the transient thermal process. The influence of scanning speed on the surface appearance, heat-affected zone and shape of the cross section was illustrated. Experiments with same process parameters were conducted to validate the model. Based on the finite element model and experiments, the mechanism of material removal was explained. The epoxy is considered to be removed once it reaches the melting point and the carbon fiber is removed at the sublimation temperature. Because of the strong cooling effect of water jet, there is nearly no heat accumulation between pulses, leading to the constant heat-affected zone width at different scanning speed. The kerf sidewall is relatively vertical due to the homogeneous power distribution in water jet. The results demonstrate that water jet–guided laser cutting of carbon fiber–reinforced plastics has some advantages than traditional laser beam machining and is a potential processing method for carbon fiber–reinforced plastics.
Synthesis method for compact dual-clutch transmission with four DOFs gear mechanism
Authors: Li Xueliang , Hu Jibin , Peng Zengxiong
Published: November 2018

The design of dual-clutch transmission with multi-degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) is a good solution to increase in number of gears and a wider range of gear ratio in the limited space and weight. This article proposes a novel synthesis method for scheme design of the dual-clutch transmission with four degrees-of-freedoms gear mechanism. First, the shift sequences considering the path of power flow and shift logics are analyzed based on the degrees-of-freedom model, abstracted from the degrees-of-freedom of the schemes. Second, the schemes of gear-pair and shaft, defined as the scheme that ignores the arrangement of synchronizers, are derived from the basic configurations, defined as the schemes of gear-pair and shaft that contains only one of each type of the variable connections, and the numbers of each type of the variable connections. Finally, multi-parameter, including synchronizers arrangement and gear ratios, is optimally designed for the results of synthesis. The seven-speed dual-clutch transmission schemes with four degrees-of-freedom and two shaft systems are taken as an example to explain this synthesis method. In addition, this article helps to obtain a deeper understanding of the systematic design of other fixed gear transmission schemes, such as automated mechanical transmission, automated mechanical transmissions with electric torque supporting, and even some novel multi-input transmissions.
Theoretical and numerical modeling of tool–chip friction in ultrasonic-assisted turning
Authors: Lotfi Mohammad , Amini Saeid , Ashrafi Hossein
Published: November 2018

Decrease of friction in tool–chip contact zone is a key subject in metal cutting operation. Therefore, effect of ultrasonic vibration in this area is analyzed by using experimental and simulation methods. In this study, a theoretical model is firstly developed based on the shear friction model, and then sticking–sliding contact zones plus their contact lengths are defined in order to simulate conventional and ultrasonic-assisted turning. Accordingly, shear angle, sticky length, and cutting forces were measured in experiments as input parameters for the calculation of friction coefficients. As a result, intermittent contact of vibrated tool decreases the time of thermal conduction in tool–chip interface, resulting in a significant reduction in friction coefficient and contact length, particularly, in sticky region.
A global sensitivity analysis method based on ANOVA with convex set model and its state-dependent parameter solution
Authors: Guo Qing , Liu Yongshou , Chen Xiangyu
Published: November 2018

Convex set model is most widely applied around nonprobabilistic uncertainty description. This paper combines the convex model with global sensitivity analysis theory of variance, and then proposes an index based on convex set model and variance-based global sensitivity analysis method to illustrate the effect of the nonprobability variables on the dangerous degree. The proposed index consists of two parts, including the main and total indices. The main index can quantitatively reflect the effect of uncertainties of input variables on the variance of output response, and the total index reflects the influence of interaction with other variables in addition to the individual influence of input variables. Furthermore, an efficient state-dependent parameter solution for solving the variance-based global sensitivity analysis of nonprobabilistic convex uncertainty is given in this paper. The state-dependent parameter solution not only greatly improves the efficiency but also guarantees the computational accuracy, and the times of performance functions evaluation decrease from [Formula: see text] in single-loop Monte Carlo solution to 2048 in the state-dependent parameter method. Finally, three numerical examples and a finite element example are used to verify the feasibility and rationality of the proposed method.
The IAT Is Dead, Long Live the IAT: Context-Sensitive Measures of Implicit Attitudes Are Indispensable to Social and Political Psychology
Authors: Jost John T.
Published: November 2018

The implicit association test (IAT) is one of several measures of implicit attitudes, but it has attracted especially intense criticism. Some methodological objections are valid, but they are damning only if one accepts false analogies between the IAT and measures of intellectual aptitude, clinical diagnosis, or physical height. Other objections are predicated on misconceptions of the nature of attitudes (which are context-sensitive and reflect personal and cultural forces) or the naive assumption that people cannot be biased against their own group. Other criticisms are ideological, pertaining to questions of moral and political value, such as whether it is good to have fewer pro-White/anti-Black implicit attitudes and to provide respondents with feedback about their implicit attitudes. Implicit-attitude measures have been extremely useful in predicting voting and other political behavior. An indirect, unobtrusive, context-sensitive measure of attitudes is far more useful to social and political psychologists than an IQ test or clinical “diagnosis” would be, insofar as it reflects a dynamic Lewinian conception of the “person in the situation.”
Self-Affirmation and Prejudice Reduction: When and Why?
Authors: Badea Constantina , Sherman David K.
Published: November 2018

The question of the antecedents of prejudicial responses has a long history that includes contributions of historical, structural, cultural, and psychological factors. Social-psychological research on prejudice as self-image maintenance provides evidence that manifestations of prejudice stem, in part, from the motivation to maintain a feeling of self-worth and self-integrity. Here, we review studies that indicate when and why prejudice toward out-groups in response to self-threats is weakened by affirmations of self-worth. A distinction emerges between in-group threats (e.g., negative acts committed by the in-group) and out-group threats (e.g., immigrants) to social identity, on the one hand, and the defensive reactions people make in response to each kind of threat (i.e., denying in-group responsibility vs. displaying prejudice), on the other. Such negative intergroup interactions can be attenuated by affirming the self. We present theorized moderators (i.e., individual differences and cultural norms) and proposed mechanisms underlying affirmation effects in the domain of prejudice. We discuss potential applications of self-affirmation in prejudice-reduction efforts.
Three More Voices Papers for This Special Issue of New Solutions—Environmental Justice in the U.S. Gulf Coast Region
Authors: Sullivan John
Published: November 2018

The U.S. states along the northern shores of the Gulf of Mexico have often been described as America’s Energy Colony. This region is festooned with polluting industries, storage and waste disposal sites for toxic products, and a history of generally lax approaches to environmental public health and enforcement of regulations. This issue of New Solutions includes three interviews of groups and individuals who work for Environmental Justice in the Gulf Coast region. The interviewees provide key insights into the diverse cultural texture and social fabric of the Gulf. Their range of gulf locales and population groups embody different styles of engagement and different relationships to organizing, disseminating health and environmental risk information, and advocating for social and environmental justice. Similarities among their communities in terms of health and economic disparities, climate risks, and vulnerabilities lend credence to the idea of the Gulf as a regional Environmental Justice community.
Puerto Rican Plena: The Power of a Song
Authors: Howard Karen
Published: November 2018

In order to bring music of Puerto Rico to the general music classroom, it is important to understand the sociocultural and sociohistorical context of the music. The traditional genre of plena shares cultural threads with West Africa, Spain, and indigenous (Taíno) culture. Commonly known as El Periodico Cantado (the singing newspaper), plena songs give updates on what people are feeling and current events effecting the community. The plena song Que Bonita Bandera (What a Beautiful Flag) is explored for its potential uses in elementary and secondary general music classes.
Calcium Channel Blockers and the Risk for Lung Cancer: A Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study
Authors: Rotshild Victoria , Azoulay Laurent , Feldhamer Ilan , Perlman Amichai , Glazer Mendel , Muszkat Mordechai , Matok Ilan
Published: November 2018

Background: It has been suggested that calcium channel blockers (CCBs) may increase the risk of lung cancer; however, current evidence is conflicting and limited. Objective: Investigate the associations between CCB use and lung cancer. Methods: We conducted a population-based nested case-control study. A cohort was formed of patients prescribed their first antihypertensive agent from 2000 to 2014. CCB exposure information was obtained by identification of all prescriptions dispensed during study follow-up. Cases were patients newly diagnosed with lung cancer during follow-up. Each case was matched with 10 controls by age, sex, calendar year of cohort entry, and duration of follow-up. Multivariate conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs of lung cancer associated with ever use of CCBs. Results: During a median follow-up of 6.2 years, we identified 4174 cases of lung cancer. Ever use of CCBs was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (adjusted OR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.06-1.21), when compared with the use of other antihypertensive drugs. A duration-response relation was observed, with the ORs gradually increasing with longer cumulative duration of CCB use (<5 years: OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.04-1.20; 5-10 years: OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.07-1.40; >10 years: OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 0.90-1.96; P trend < 0.001). Conclusion and Relevance: The results of this large population-based study indicate that the use of CCBs is associated with a modest but significant increase in the risk of lung cancer. This association appeared to increase with longer duration of use.
The use of silver coating in hip megaprostheses: a systematic review
Authors: Wyatt Michael C , Foxall-Smith Michael , Roberton Andrew , Beswick Andrew , Kieser David C , Whitehouse Michael R
Published: November 2018

Retrospective studies of silver-coated hip implants have demonstrated promising results and safety profile, however, the potential benefits are so far unproven in prospective studies. Silver-coated implants may have a role in patients undergoing revision or primary surgery with a high risk of infection but as yet there are no human studies investigating silver in primary hip arthroplasty. Adequately powered robust prospective studies are needed in this area to determine if silver-coated implants would be efficacious and cost-effective. The purpose of this systematic review article is to review the current literature regarding the use of silver in hip arthroplasty. Our review showed that there is some encouraging evidence that silver coatings can reduce infection.
Perioperative Enteral Nutrition After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation
Authors: Abe Ryuichiro , Matsumoto Atsuhiro , Sakaguchi Ryota , Toda Koichi , Sawa Yoshiki , Uchiyama Akinori , Fujino Yuji
Published: November 2018

Objective:

We assessed what predicts nutritional adequacy at day 14 following implantation of left ventricular assist device (LVAD).

Method:

We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 97 adult patients who underwent LVAD implantation at our institution from June 2011 to June 2016. We divided the patients into two groups based on the administered enteral nutrition (EN) calories on post-operative day (POD) 14: the EN calories of group SEN (sufficient enteral nutrition) were >80% of their total target calories, or the EN calories of group IEN (insufficient enteral nutrition) were <80% of their total target calories. We compared the two groups in terms of the perioperative factors within 1 week after surgery.

Results:

Groups SEN and IEN consisted of 53 and 44 patients, respectively. The mean doses of adrenaline and noradrenaline, mean central venous pressure (CVP), duration of nitric oxide administration, and mean residual gastric volume during 1 week after surgery in group SEN were significantly lower than those in group IEN ( P < .05). In multivariate analysis, higher CVP during 1 week after surgery was identified as an independent risk factor for delayed EN on POD14 (odds ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.66; P = .0037). Total bilirubin, occurrence of acute kidney injury, and mixed venous blood saturation during 1 week after surgery were not significant predictors for EN on POD14.

Conclusions:

Increased CVP within 1 week after LVAD implantation was an independent factor for reduced EN feeding.
Finance as ‘bizarre bazaar’: Using documents as a source of ethnographic knowledge
Authors: Tischer Daniel , Maurer Bill , Leaver Adam
Published: November 2018

Markets and finance have long attracted ethnographic interest but the nature of their activity – opaque, secretive and increasingly placeless – precludes traditional ethnographic fieldwork. In this article, we propose documents as an alternative access point to these organisations as an ethnographic object of enquiry. Documents do not only present a written record, but they also enact relationships and encode tacit understandings. We develop Geertz’s work on the bazaar by taking an indirect route to access the field site – collateralised debt obligation – through documents. In reading these documents, we assume the position of investors who, in the absence of alternative publicly available information, are dependent on the documentary accounts made available to them by the sellers. These media act in ways that are similar to tourist guidebooks, a comparison we use to reframe the exchange as one that builds upon sociocultural relations rather than the abstract market relationships described by mainstream economists. We propose that these documents are not merely representational artefacts of the organisation but serve to establish and maintain social relationships between buyers and sellers through the management, standardisation and ritualisation of information disclosed to the investor.
S.N. Eisenstadt and African modernities: Dialogue, extension, retrieval
Authors: Palmer Jack
Published: November 2018

This article elucidates some connections and divergences between S.N. Eisenstadt’s work on multiple modernities and critical reflections on ‘African modernity’ presented by Africanist scholars. It argues that there is more cross-over between these discussions than is commonly thought when both are seen as parallel responses to the shortcomings of post-war modernization theory. Eisenstadt’s work can inform debates in African Studies concerning the effective power of tradition in postcolonial African societies, and on African interpretations of the ‘cultural programme’ of modernity. The article also discusses some weaknesses in Eisenstadt’s theorizing which arise from an extension of the multiple modernities framework to African societies, namely, an underappreciation of the various modalities of colonial imperialism and racialization, as well as the institutional constraints placed on postcolonial societal elites. It claims that these can be offset via a dialogue with the work of scholars in African Studies. Moreover, it is argued that the paradigm of multiple modernities can more satisfactorily shed light on African trajectories of modernity via the retrieval of tenets of Eisenstadt’s ‘heterodox’ modernization theory and work on post-traditionality, outlined in the 1960s and the 1970s, which include specific reflections on African societies.
Migrant and mainstream perspectives on buying national: An Australian case study
Authors: Fozdar Farida
Published: November 2018

In a globalising world, people might be expected to be less nationalistic about their personal consumption decisions. Yet support for Trump-style protectionism and ‘buy national’ campaigns appears to be spreading. How do people talk about such purchasing decisions? Applying thematic content analysis and discourse analysis to qualitative data from 27 focus groups (n = 223) conducted across Australia, this article explores the key features of discussions about ‘buying Australian’, comparing migrant/ethnic minority responses with non-migrant/mainstream responses. Perhaps surprisingly, migrants adopt the taken-for-granted imperative that nationalist consumption is good for the national economy, and articulate this choice as a demonstration of loyalty and reciprocity to their adopted country. Perhaps counter to expectations, mainstream participants are far more ambivalent in the ways they express this nationalist imperative. While nationalist consumption remains the bottom line as the appropriate purchasing orientation, their position as charter group enables them to offer more critical arguments about the authenticity of the ‘Australian-made’ logo and the quality and price of goods. For both, however, the taken-for-granted default position is that consumer nationalism is ‘the right thing to do’. Buying national is thus an instance of what Billig identified as ‘banal nationalism’, where the nation-state, as opposed to other collectives such as ‘workers’ or ‘global citizens’, is reproduced as the appropriate category for identification and collective responsibility.
Investigation of tendon dynamics effects on tension leg platform response in random seas
Authors: Oyejobi Damilola O , Jameel Mohammed , Sulong Nor Hafizah Ramli , Khan Niaz B
Published: November 2018

This study investigated tendon dynamics effects of tension leg platform models with tendons modelled by finite element spring and beam elements for uncoupled and coupled tension leg platform in random waves and current environment. The purpose of the study is to proffering numerical solution of single mathematical equation of motion for fully integrated-coupled tension leg platform floater with tendons model. Structural modelling of complete tension leg platform is achieved with the help of ABAQUS/Standard finite element tools which is incorporated with ABAQUS/Aqua module for the application of hydrodynamic loadings on the partially submerged tension leg platform hull and fully submerged platform tendons. For the uncoupled tension leg platform model, weight, inertia, hydrodynamic force and damping forces are ignored on the tendons modelled with springs, while the stiffness of the tendons is considered as a static restoring force. The coupled tension leg platform model had all the forces applied on the tendons modelled with beam elements. Conclusively, modelling and analysis of the tension leg platform as uncoupled and coupled models have expanded our understanding to know that surge motion response is fairly predicted by the two models, however, heave and pitch motions, and variations in tendon tension differ significantly; hence, coupled tension leg platform model is recommended. The influence of a removed tendon due to accident or maintenance on the tension leg platform motions is also reported.
Identification of incipient pitting corrosion in reinforced concrete structures using guided waves and piezoelectric wafer transducers
Authors: Sriramadasu Rajeshwara Chary , Lu Ye , Banerjee Sauvik
Published: November 2018

Corrosion poses a great threat to ageing civil infrastructure in the world, and researchers are seeking methods to monitor the corrosion in reinforced concrete structures. Detection of corrosion at its incipient stage has been an impending task in the non-destructive testing of materials. Several non-destructive testing methods to assess the presence of corrosion exist. The limitation of the current methods is that either they require measurement at several points or they require a large network of sensors. Guided wave-based monitoring overcomes these limitations because a large area can be scanned using fewer sensors. The process of corrosion is complex, and it leads to a simultaneous reduction in the diameter and the debonding between concrete and reinforcing steel bars in reinforced concrete structures. However, some of the recent studies that explore the use of guided waves focus only on the detection of the individual effect of diameter reduction and debonding of the rebars in reinforced concrete by artificially inducing the damage. In this study, an accelerated corrosion setup is deployed to induce pitting corrosion in reinforced concrete beams using the impressed current method. These beams are continuously monitored using ultrasonic guided waves that are generated and received by piezoelectric wafer transducers that are attached to the rebars. It is shown that the incipient stage of pitting corrosion can be detected successfully, and the mechanism of corrosion process, which involves the corrosion initiation, progression, and diameter reduction-and-cracking phases, can be established from the signal characteristics of the longitudinal and flexural-guided wave modes. The impressed current flow in the corrosion cell also confirms the various phases of corrosion.
“Sticks and Stones May Break My Bones, But Bullying Will Get Me Bangin’”: Bullying Involvement and Adolescent Gang Joining
Authors: Shelley Walter W. , Peterson Dana
Published: November 2018

Studies have shown that adolescents’ involvement in bullying (as perpetrators, victims, or both) is related to more negative outcomes than noninvolvement, and a small subset of studies has connected bullying to the specific outcome of gang involvement. However, most of these studies have been cross-sectional and have not examined causal pathways by which bullying and gang involvement may be related. Furthermore, some studies find sex differences in prevalence, type, and outcomes of bullying as well as in the relationship between bullying and gang involvement, suggesting important prevention implications, yet this remains under examined. Our study explicitly examines these issues identifying the overlap in bullying outcomes with antecedent gang risk factors, and suggesting potential direct and indirect effects of bullying on gang involvement; we test these relationships, and potential sex differences, using longitudinal data from the second National Evaluation of Gang Resistance Education and Training to overcome limitations of prior research. Consistent with our expectations, we find that (1) bully-victims exhibit the highest levels of risk; (2) bullies, victims, and bully-victims have increased odds of later gang joining, compared to uninvolved youth; (3) the inclusion of risk factors partially mediates the effect of bullying involvement on gang onset for bullies and victims and fully mediates the effect for bully-victims; and (4) some evidence of sex differences exists. Given these insights, greater connections between bullying and gang prevention efforts may be worthwhile.
Three Dimensional Flow Simulation in Yarn Duct of Interlacers with Various Cross-Sectional Shapes
Authors: Hua Qiu , Jin Yan
Published: November 2018

This goal of this paper was to determine the flow characteristics of compressible airflow in the yarn duct of an interlacer using numerical simulations to study the effects of cross-sectional shapes of yarn duct on the performance of interlacers. A CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software package ANSYS CFX was used to calculate the flow patterns in the yarn duct. The relationship between the performance of the interlacer and the distribution of the velocity vector, the airflow speed and the particle trace of flow were examined in order to propose a better design of interlacers. From the results of the calculations, if the vortices on the middle cross-section of the yarn duct make the filaments revolve continuously, then a large number of entanglements can be achieved. The velocity at the central point of the yarn duct was the deciding factor as to a sufficient opening for the filaments. However, too high of a velocity makes the filaments stay on the wall, hindering them from entangling with each other.
Investigating and Optimizing the Process Variables Related to the Tensile Properties of Short Jute Fiber Reinforced with Polypropylene Composite Board
Authors: Kannappan Saravanan , Dhurai Bhaarathi
Published: November 2018

The effect of temperature, pressure, and time on the tensile strength of jute fiber composite has been studied. The process of preparing the composite specimens is discussed. The best tensile properties were observed if the composite board is manufactured using high pressure and moderate temperature. For tensile strength, the time does not play a significant role. The study identifies the principal experimental pressure variables, which have the greatest effect on the tensile strength of the composite. The composite boards were subjected to tensile tests and the fractured surfaces were observed under SEM. The SEM photomicrographs of the fractured surfaces of the composite board show diverse extents of fiber pull-outs under tensile failure. The tensile strength values are in good concurrence with predicted values and were found have a correlation coefficient of 96%.
Physical Properties of Electrically Conductive Complex-Ply Yarns and Woven Fabrics Made from Recycled Polypropylene
Authors: Lin Jia-Horng , Lin Chin-Mei , Huang Chen-Hung , Chen An-Pang , Chen Chuan-Pin , Lou Ching Wen
Published: November 2018

Recycled industrial feedstocks can improve a textile firm's balance sheet while reducing and recycling garbage. In this study, recycled polypropylene nonwoven selvage/metal (PPNS/M) complex-ply yarns served as the weft yarns of complex woven fabrics. The core yarn of each complex-ply yarn was recycled PPNS with an area mass of 30 g/m2. Stainless steel wires wrapped each core yarn. Three combinations of materials were tested; type A used core yarns with no metals; type B used core yarns with stainless steel reinforcement wires; type C used core yarns with both stainless steel and copper reinforcement wires. For the manufacturing process, the speed of the rotor twister was 8000 rpm and the wrap counts of the recycled PPNS/M complex-ply yarns were 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 turns/cm. We fabricated the PPNS/M complex-ply yarns into PPNS/M complex woven fabrics. We performed maximum breaking strength and elongation testing: the complex-ply yarns wrapped at 2.5 turns/cm and reinforced with stainless steel wires and copper wires had a maximum breaking strength of 47.8 N and an elongation of 47.9%. Moreover, fabrics woven from those same yarns had a tensile strength of 637. 9 N and a tensile strain of 40.8%. Fabrics woven from yarns with a wrap count of 4.5 turns/cm and reinforced with stainless steel wires and copper wires showed an optimum air permeability of 80 cm3/cm2/s. The lowest surface resistivity found with the fabric specimen woven with type C yarns, which was 28.2 Ω/sq.
Ecofriendly Approach to Improve Pectinolytic Reaction and Process Optimization of Bioscouring of Organic Cotton Textiles
Authors: Vigneswaran C. , Ananthasubramanian M. , Anbumani N. , Kandhavadivu P.
Published: November 2018

The present study focused on improvement of the enzymatic bioscouring performance by using specific mixed enzymes such as alkaline pectinase, protease, lipase and cellulase enzymes. An attempt was made to study the pectinolytic activity of degrading rate of pectin on organic cotton fabric and removal of wax at various enzymatic process conditions such as enzyme concentration, temperature, and time. These process variables were selected based on the artificial neural network (ANN) method. Output of the experiment resulted in fabric physical properties such as weight loss, water absorbency, wetting area, whiteness index, yellowness index, brightness index. The enzymatic scoured organic cotton fabric was tested for wax content and pectin degradation rate on the fabric and their results were optimized with minimum error. The test results were analyzed to predict the optimum process parameters to achieve the required bioscouring fabric properties and removal of pectin degrading rate, and their results were compared with actual trials.