bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasma triglyceride is associated with the recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency catheter ablation: A retrospective study
Authors: Gu Qingqing , Deng Ye , Wei Jun , Chen Qianwen , Cai Dabei , Xiao Tingting , Deng Li , Wang Yu , Wang Qingjie , Sun Ling , Ji Yuan
Published: May 2024

Background

The purpose of this study was to explore the association between triglycerides (TGs) and the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence.

Methods and Results

Included were adult patients with AF who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation in the Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. The enrolled patients were divided into the AF recurrence group and the sinus rhythm (SR) maintenance group. The univariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival curve were performed estimate the association between TG and the risk of AF recurrence. Of the 402 patients, 79 (19.7%) experienced recurrence of AF after ablation. The TG level was significantly higher in the AF recurrence group than in the SR‐maintaining group. Patients were grouped by quartile of TG levels, with Quartile 1 and Quartile 2 defined as the low concentration group, Quartile 3 as the moderate concentration group, and Quartile 4 as the high concentration group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the moderate concentration group (p = .02, hazard ratio [HR]: 2.331, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.141–4.762) and high concentration group (p = .007, HR: 2.873, 95% CI: 1.332–6.199) were associated with an increased risk of AF recurrence compared with the low concentration group. The median follow‐up was 1.17 years, it is indicated that a higher risk of recurrent AF was observed in the moderate concentration and high concentration group (log‐rank: χ2 = 7.540, p = .023).

Conclusion

Our data suggest that an elevated TG level measured before catheter ablation is associated with an increased risk of AF recurrence.
Thalamic activity‐dependent specification of sensory input neurons in the developing chick entopallium
Authors: Katayama Ryoka , Kumamoto Takuma , Wada Kyosuke , Hanashima Carina , Ohtaka‐Maruyama Chiaki
Published: May 2024

During development, cell‐intrinsic and cell‐extrinsic factors play important roles in neuronal differentiation; however, the underlying mechanisms in nonmammalian species remain largely unknown. We here investigated the mechanisms responsible for the differentiation of sensory input neurons in the chick entopallium, which receives its primary visual input via the tectofugal pathway from the nucleus rotundus. The results obtained revealed that input neurons in the entopallium expressed Potassium Voltage‐Gated Channel Subfamily H Member 5 (KCNH5/EAG2) mRNA from embryonic day (E) 11. On the other hand, the onset of protein expression was E20, which was 1 day before hatching. We confirm that entopallium input neurons in chicks were generated during early neurogenesis in the lateral and ventral ventricular zones. Notably, neurons derived from the lateral (LP) and ventral pallium (VP) exhibited a spatially distinct distribution along the rostro–caudal axis. We further demonstrated that the expression of EAG2 was directly regulated by input activity from thalamic axons. Collectively, the present results reveal that thalamic input activity is essential for specifying input neurons among LP‐ and VP‐derived early‐generated neurons in the developing chick entopallium.
Corticogenesis and folding process of the neopallium in the South American plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus
Authors: Schmidt Alejandro Raúl , Jaime Vanina Soledad , Inserra Pablo Ignacio Felipe , Proietto Sofía , Corso María Clara , Burd Ileana Abigail , Leopardo Noelia Paola , Halperin Julia , Vitullo Alfredo Daniel , Dorfman Verónica Berta
Published: May 2024

The plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus, is a precocial hystricomorph rodent with a gyrencephalic brain. This work aimed to perform a time‐lapse analysis of the embryonic brain cortical development in the plains vizcacha to establish a species‐specific temporal window for corticogenesis and the gyrencephaly onset. Additionally, a comparative examination with evolutionarily related rodents was conducted. Embryos from 40 embryonic days (ED) until the end of pregnancy (154 ED) were evaluated. The neuroanatomical examination determined transverse sulci at 80 ED and rostral lateral and caudal intraparietal sulci around 95 ED. Histological examination of corticogenesis showed emergence of the subplate at 43 ED and expansion of the subventricular zone (SVZ) and its division into inner and outer SVZs around 54 ED. The neocortical layers formation followed an inside‐to‐outside spatiotemporal gradient beginning with the emergence of layers VI and V at 68 ED and establishing the final six neocortical layers around 100 ED. A progressive increment of gyrencephalization index (GI) from 1.005 ± 0.003 around 70 ED, which reflects a smooth cortex, up to 1.07 ± 0.009 at the end of gestation, reflecting a gyrencephalic neuroanatomy, was determined. Contrarily, the minimum cortical thickness (MCT) progressively decreased from 61 ED up to the end of gestation. These results show that the decrease in the cortical thickness, which enables the onset of neocortical invaginations, occurs together with the expansion and subdivision of the SVZ. The temporal comparison of corticogenesis in plains vizcacha with that in relative species reflects a prenatal long process compared with other rodents that may give an evolutionary advantage to L. maximus as a precocial species.
MXene materials: Pioneering sustainable energy storage solutions
Authors: Chen Minghua , Fan Qi , Chen Ke , Majkova Eva , Huang Qing , Liang Kun
Published: May 2024

MXene materials have emerged as promising candidates for solving sustainable energy storage solutions due to their unique properties and versatility. MXene materials can not only be used directly as electrode materials but can also be used as functional materials to solve problems such as poor conductivity of electrode materials, severe volume expansion, dendrites, and dissolution of electrode materials. This perspective paper explores the potential applications of MXene materials for sustainable energy storage solutions, emphasizing their distinct characteristics and applications across various domains.
A taxonomy of endpoint vulnerabilities and affected blockchain architecture layers
Authors: Noor Mohd Azeem Faizi , Mustafa Khurram
Published: May 2024

Blockchain technology has gained significant attention and adoption due to its decentralized nature, and promising secure and immutable transactions. The interpretation of Blockchain's components has been presented in an innovative manner, illustrating the features they enable or manage. However, its networks do not appear so immune to vulnerabilities like any other technological system. Among the typical weaknesses, endpoint vulnerabilities refer to weaknesses in the endpoints that interact with the blockchain network. They pose a significant risk to the security and integrity of the entire system. These vulnerabilities can affect blockchain networks including smart contract vulnerabilities, wallet vulnerabilities, and communication vulnerabilities. In view of the absence of any viable taxonomic description and associated value, we attempted a novel comprehensive classification of endpoint vulnerabilities. The proposed taxonomy is designed to logically categorize and classify the various endpoint vulnerabilities through a pictorial representation. It encompasses wallet vulnerabilities, malware, cryptojacking and human negligence. Additionally, this paper proposes a novel approach to mapping endpoint vulnerabilities to the blockchain abstract layer. It gives a unique way to study the vulnerabilities and layers' relation. Finally, the corresponding violated principles behind the vulnerabilities have been identified and indicated. By providing a structured taxonomy of endpoint vulnerabilities, this paper aims to enhance the understanding of the security challenges associated with blockchain applications. By understanding and addressing the taxonomy of endpoint vulnerabilities, blockchain practitioners and researchers can enhance blockchain networks' overall security and trustworthiness, paving the way for broader adoption and utilization of this transformative technology. It may have implications in terms of identifying, linking, developing control, and finally mitigating endpoint vulnerabilities in the rapidly changing environment.
Preparation of In0.5Sn0.5Se Crystal via a Zone Melting Method and Evaluation of its Thermoelectric Properties
Authors: Lin Siqi , Lu Xinyu , Wang Hanming , Bai Xudong , Liu Xuechao , Jin Min
Published: May 2024

Indium selenides (InSe) is a promising layer‐structured semiconductor with broad potential applications in photovoltaics, diodes, and optic devices, but its thermoelectric performance is limited by the high thermal conductivity. In this work, by alloying high‐performance thermoelectric SnSe in InSe, the In0.5Sn0.5Se crystal is prepared via a zone melting method. The density of In0.5Sn0.5Se crystal is measured as 5.81 g cm−3 which is between the density of pure SnSe and InSe. The XRD measurements indicate that the grown In0.5Sn0.5Se crystal consists of InSe and SnSe crystals with a preferred orientation along (00l) and (h00) planes, respectively. SEM and EDS analysis reveal that eutectic InSe and SnSe phases interdigitate with each other. The thermogravimetry analysis shows a slow decrease at a temperature ≈700 °C. In0.5Sn0.5Se crystal displays a n‐type conduct behavior, the electrical conductivity σ is ≈0.02 Scm−1 at room temperature and increases to 8.4 Scm−1 under 820 K. The highest power factor PF is estimated to be ≈0.36 µWcmK−2 near 570 K. The InSe‐SnSe phase boundaries lead the thermal conductivity of In0.5Sn0.5Se crystal to be as low as 0.29 Wm−1K−1. Due to the low lattice thermal conductivity, In0.5Sn0.5Se crystal shows a ZT value of 0.04 at 600 K in this work.
Modeling and performance enhancement of compact FSS based low‐profile broadband monopole antenna
Authors: Devarapalli Ananda Babu , Moyra Tamasi , Mandal Arpita
Published: May 2024

In this research work, a compact‐sized offset‐fed broadband monopole antenna is designed using a frequency selective surface (FSS) reflector to enhance gain, radiation efficiency, and FBR and validated experimentally. The designed antenna consists of a triple v‐slit on a rectangular‐shaped radiating patch, a modified partial ground, and a frequency‐selective surface (FSS). It exhibits a ‐10 dB impedance bandwidth of 9.37 GHz (6.55–15.92 GHz) and a fractional bandwidth of 83.4%, yielding significant portions of the C‐band (4–8 GHz), the X‐band (8 GHz–12 GHz), and covering a considerable part of the Ku‐band (12–18 GHz). The proposed prototype equivalent circuit model has been developed progressively to validate the electromagnetic simulation results. The measured peak gain is 14.25 dBi (6.8 dBi without FSS) at 14.2 GHz with an average radiation efficiency of ≥ 96% for the FSS integrated antenna. Furthermore, the proposed design improves the front‐to‐back ratio (FBR) by 15 dB throughout the broadband frequency range. The proposed antenna peak gain, reflection coefficient (S11), radiation efficiency, and radiation patterns show adequate similarity between the tested and simulated results and have numerous advantages, including very compact size, simple structure, minimum S11 (dB), high gain, and broadband capability.
Apigenin alleviates doxorubicin‐induced myocardial pyroptosis by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase‐3β in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Wang Feng , Yan Xinxin , Yue Anna , Zhang Kaiyu , Li Ping , Xu Jingyi , Sun Kangyun , Zhang Qian , Li Yuan
Published: May 2024

Apigenin, a natural flavonoid compound found in chamomile (Matricaia chamomilla L.) from the Asteraceae family, has been shown in our previous study to possess antimyocardial hypertrophy and anti‐cardiac fibrosis effects. However, its effects and mechanisms on the pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes induced by doxorubicin (DOX) are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of GSK‐3β and the effects of apigenin in DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity. H9c2 cells stimulated with DOX were treated with SB216763 and apigenin. Additionally, a mouse model of DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity was prepared and further treated with apigenin and SB216763 for 30 days. The findings revealed that treatment with SB216763 or apigenin resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of pyroptosis‐related factors. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of GSK‐3β was enhanced while the phosphorylation of nuclear factor‐kB (NF‐κB) p65 was reduced following treatment with either SB216763 or apigenin. Conversely, the effects of apigenin treatment were nullified in siRNA‐GSK‐3β‐transfected cells. Results from computer simulation and molecular docking analysis supported that apigenin could directly target the regulation of GSK‐3β. Therefore, our study confirmed that the inhibition of GSK‐3β and treatment with apigenin effectively suppressed the pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes in both DOX‐stimulated H9c2 cells and mice. These benefits may be attributed in part to the decrease in GSK‐3β expression and subsequent reduction in NF‐κB p65 activation. Overall, our findings revealed that the pharmacological targeting of GSK‐3β may offer a promising therapeutic approach for alleviating DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity.
Modafinil lightens apoptosis and inflammatory response in hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion injury through inactivation of TLR9/Myd88/p38 signaling
Authors: Zhang Tairan , Wang Xidong
Published: May 2024

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) remains a severe threat during liver surgery and transplantation, accounting for unfavorable clinical outcomes. Modafinil (MOD), a wakefulness‐inducing compound, is increasingly disclosed to protect against IRI. However, the specific literatures covering the association between MOD and hepatic IRI are few. Here, this paper is committed to unraveling the role and response mechanism of MOD in hepatic IRI. After the establishment of hepatic IRI mice model and cell model, relevant assay kits measured the concentrations of biochemical indicators of hepatotoxicity and hematoxylin and eosin staining estimated liver morphology. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blot evaluated inflammatory levels. Terminal‐deoxynucleoitidyl transferase‐mediated nick end labeling assay and western blot appraised apoptosis. Western blot also analyzed the expression of Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9)/myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)/p38 signaling‐associated proteins. Cell counting kit‐8 method judged cell viability. MOD was discovered to mitigate liver dysfunction and morphological damage, inflammatory response, apoptosis in vivo and improve cell viability, suppress inflammatory response and apoptosis in vitro. In addition, MOD inactivated TLR9/Myd88/p38 signaling both in vitro and in vivo. Further, TLR9 elevation reversed the inhibitory role of MOD in inflammatory response and cell apoptosis in vitro. Anyway, MOD blocked TLR9/Myd88/p38 signaling to exhibit anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic properties in hepatic IRI.
Properties of vertebrate predator–prey networks in the high Arctic
Authors: Abrham Muzit , Norén Karin , Bartolomé Filella Jordi , Angerbjörn Anders , Lecomte Nicolas , Pečnerová Patrícia , Freire Susana , Dalerum Fredrik
Published: May 2024

Predation is an important ecological process that can significantly impact the maintenance of ecosystem services. In arctic environments, the relative ecological importance of predation is thought to be increasing due to climate change, partly because of increased productivity with rising temperatures. Therefore, understanding predator–prey interactions in arctic ecosystems is vital for the sustainable management of these northern regions. Network theory provides a framework for quantifying the structures of ecological interactions. In this study, we use dietary observations on mammalian and avian predators in a high arctic region, including isolated peninsulas on Ellesmere Island and north Greenland, to construct bipartite trophic networks. We quantify the complexity, specialization, and nested as well as modular structures of these networks and also determine if these properties varied among the peninsulas. Mammal prey remains were the dominant diet item for all predators, but there was spatial variation in diet composition among peninsulas. The predator–prey networks were less complex, had more specialized interactions, and were more nested and more modular than random expectations. However, the networks displayed only moderate levels of modularity. Predator species had less specialized interactions with prey than prey had with predators. All network properties differed among the peninsulas, which highlights that ecosystems often show complex responses to environmental characteristics. We suggest that gaining knowledge about spatial variation in the characteristics of predator–prey interactions can enhance our ability to manage ecosystems exposed to environmental perturbations, particularly in high arctic environments subject to rapid environmental change.
Structure–Property Performance of Irradiated Sponge Rubber Blend Nanocomposites Containing h‐BN, GO, V2O5, and Adhesion on Cotton Fabric for Positive Electrode in Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Eyssa Hanan M. , Ali Nisreen M. , Yousif Nashwa M.
Published: May 2024

This work is performed to prepare new sponge nanocomposites for improving energy storage performance to satisfy cheap cost and high power. Natural rubber/ethylene propylene diene rubber (NR/EPDM) and an adhesion/lamination on cotton with different nanofillers, hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), graphene oxide (GO), and vanadium oxide (V2O5) and subsequent are prepared and irradiation under electron beam radiation to fulfill supercapacitor criteria. The electrochemical performance is measured by three methods, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the sponge nanocomposite of NR/EPDM/h‐BN has the highest tensile strength compared to the other sponge nanocomposites. The sponge nanocomposite of NR/EPDM/h‐BN/GO has the advantages of foam‐like porosity, high foaming degree, good flexibility, and enhanced durability, which cooperatively results in excellent electrochemical behaviors, as a result of improved charge‐transfer, to satisfy the supercapacitor criteria. The cotton adhesion compatibility is affirmed through both Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties, electrochemical performance, and thermal resistance of the sponge NR/EPDM nanocomposites laminated to cotton are remarkably improved at 150 kGy, over the unirradiated sponge nanocomposites. The sponge NR/EPDM/h‐BN/GO nanocomposite‐based supercapacitor demonstrates a high specific capacitance of 55 F g−1 at a high current density of 1 A g−1, also displays excellent cycling stability, retention of ≈97% of its starting capacitance charge–discharge cycles after 1000 at 150 kGy.
Functional analysis of epilepsy‐associated GABAA receptor mutations using Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Gadhia Ami , Barker Eleanor , Morgan Alan , Barclay Jeff W.
Published: May 2024

Objective

GABAA receptor subunit mutations pose a significant risk for genetic generalized epilepsy; however, there are over 150 identified variants, many with unknown or unvalidated pathogenicity. We aimed to develop in vivo models for testing GABAA receptor variants using the model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans.

Methods

CRISPR‐Cas9 gene editing was used to create a complete deletion of unc‐49, a C. elegans GABAA receptor, and to create homozygous epilepsy‐associated mutations in the endogenous unc‐49 gene. The unc‐49 deletion strain was rescued with transgenes for either the C. elegans unc‐49B subunit or the α1, β3, and γ2 subunits for the human GABAA receptor. All newly created strains were analyzed for phenotype and compared against existing unc‐49 mutations.

Results

Nematodes with a full genetic deletion of the entire unc‐49 locus were compared with existing unc‐49 mutations in three separate phenotypic assays—coordinated locomotion, shrinker frequency and seizure‐like convulsions. The full unc‐49 deletion exhibited reduced locomotion and increased shrinker frequency and PTZ‐induced convulsions, but were not found to be phenotypically stronger than existing unc‐49 mutations. Rescue with the unc‐49B subunit or creation of humanized worms for the GABAA receptor both showed partial phenotypic rescue for all three phenotypes investigated. Finally, two epilepsy‐associated variants were analyzed and deemed to be loss of function, thus validating their pathogenicity.

Significance

These findings establish C. elegans as a genetic model to investigate GABAA receptor mutations and delineate a platform for validating associated variants in any epilepsy‐associated gene.

Plain Language Summary

Epilepsy is a complex human disease that can be caused by mutations in specific genes. Many possible mutations have been identified, but it is unknown for most of them whether they cause the disease. We tested the role of mutations in one specific gene using a small microscopic worm as an animal model. Our results establish this worm as a model for epilepsy and confirm that the two unknown mutations are likely to cause the disease.
Que se escuche su voz: Cómo podemos humanizar los procesos de evaluación
Authors: Hernández‐Martínez Martha , Aragón Erick Antonio
Published: May 2024

This paper argues that evaluation is not without its limitations; and could actually silence and dehumanize its main actors. The voice and experience of participants constitutes a guide in both the design and implementation of the programs and evaluation activities. Evaluations must be able to analyze and verify compliance with the scope proposed in the intervention. The availability and quality of the data or information generated is key in the evaluation so that the target groups can assume a leading role in their development processes.
Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the Neoproterozoic Douling dioritic–granodioritic–granitic intrusion in the northern Yangtze Block, Central China
Authors: Hu Juan , Liu Xiaochun , Gao Li‐E , Zheng Guang‐gao , Chen Longyao
Published: May 2024

Voluminous Neoproterozoic intermediate to felsic rocks intruded the Neoarchean Douling Complex in the South Qinling Belt of Central China, which may provide new constraints on the controversial issue about the nature of the continental margin of the Yangtze Block during the Neoproterozoic. This study presents zircon U–Pb geochronology, whole‐rock geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotope of the Douling dioritic–granodioritic–granitic intrusion, aiming to clarify its petrogenesis and tectonic significance. The dioritic–granodioritic–granitic rocks yield similar zircon U–Pb ages ranging from 735 to 705 Ma. The enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREEs) and large‐ion lithophile elements (LILEs), and depletion of high‐ field‐strength elements (HFSEs) (e.g., Nb, Ta) are typical features of arc magmatic rocks. The whole‐rock Sr–Nd isotopic compositions show initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios ranging from 0.7034 to 0.7059, and εNd(t) values from −7.3 to −1.4. Elemental and isotopic data suggest that the Neoproterozoic dioritic–granodioritic–granitic rocks were co‐genetic and were generated by partial melting of lower crust materials combined with mantle‐derived melts. The granites were the derivative product of dioritic rocks by fractional crystallization of amphibolite, plagioclase, mica and zircon. Combined with literature data, we infer a subduction‐related setting for the northern margin of the Yangtze Block during the Middle Neoproterozoic, and a tectonic model of accretion along an Andean‐type active continental margin after the collision of the Douling micro‐block with the northern Yangtze Block is further proposed.
The maximum number of maximum generalized 4‐independent sets in trees
Authors: Li Pingshan , Xu Min
Published: May 2024

A generalized ‐independent set is a set of vertices such that the induced subgraph contains no trees with ‐vertices, and the generalized ‐independence number is the cardinality of a maximum ‐independent set in . Zito proved that the maximum number of maximum generalized 2‐independent sets in a tree of order is if is odd, and if is even. Tu et al. showed that the maximum number of maximum generalized 3‐independent sets in a tree of order is if , and if , and if and they characterized all the extremal graphs. Inspired by these two nice results, we establish four structure theorems about maximum generalized ‐independent sets in a tree for a general integer . As applications, we show that the maximum number of generalized 4‐independent sets in a tree of order is
and we also characterize the structure of all extremal trees with the maximum number of maximum generalized 4‐independent sets.
The development and validation of an instrument to examine clients’ perspectives about their counselors’ ability to broach racial, ethnic, and cultural concerns
Authors: Day‐Vines Norma L. , Zhang Jeremy , Cluxton‐Keller Fallon , Hicks Dantavious , Jones Connie , Spann Rufus Tony , Daga Dipika , Agorsor Courtney
Published: May 2024

The current study evaluated the validity of the broaching attitudes and behavior survey‐clients (BABS‐C), a self‐report measure that examined minoritized clients’ perceptions of their counselors’ ability to discuss issues of race, ethnicity, and culture during treatment. A series of confirmatory factor analyses suggested that the BABS‐C framework and its subconstructs achieved excellent model fit and stable factor structures. The measurement invariance was examined with seven covariates using multiple indicators and multiple cause methods. Implications for counseling research and practice are discussed.
“Pitching” posttraumatic stress disorder treatment: A qualitative study of how providers discuss evidence‐based psychotherapies with patients
Authors: Hooyer Katinka , Hamblen Jessica , Kehle‐Forbes Shannon M. , Larsen Sadie E.
Published: May 2024

The two widely available evidence‐based psychotherapies (EBPs) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are cognitive processing therapy and prolonged exposure. Although the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has invested in intensive clinical training to provide these first‐line treatments, most military veterans do not receive these therapies. Prior research indicates that patient interest and motivation depend on how patients are educated, and differences in how information is presented shape their decision‐making. To our knowledge, no studies have addressed how clinicians “pitch” EBPs for PTSD and examined whether certain approaches are more effective than others. We recorded and thematically analyzed 25 treatment planning sessions across 10 VA sites in the United States to better understand how providers talk to patients about treatment options. Five themes were identified: using rich description, integrating various forms of questioning to engage the patient, sharing prior patient success stories, using inviting and direct language, and tailoring therapy talk to fit patient needs. Providers learning to offer EBPs can use these strategies to serve as a “menu” of options that will allow them to present EBPs in a way that appeals to a particular patient.
A two‐year physicochemical and acoustic observation reveals spatiotemporal effects of earthquake‐induced shallow‐water hydrothermal venting on the surrounding environments
Authors: Chiu Ling , Wang Min‐Chen , Wei Chih‐Lin , Lin Tzu‐Hao , Tseng Yung‐Che
Published: May 2024

Shallow‐water hydrothermal vents have gained growing attention for their intricate characteristics caused by various epipelagic factors. The shallow‐water hydrothermal system offshore Kueishan Island, Taiwan, situated in an earthquake‐prone area, has prompted our exploration into the relationship between hydrothermal and seismic activities. Our 2‐yr observation uncovered that the hydrothermal venting entered a silent period in November 2020, followed by a resurgence of activity after September 2021, coinciding with high‐frequency shallow earthquakes occurring within 5 km of the vents. The pH level, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, pCO2, , and sulfide served as indicators of hydrothermal activity, contributing to environmental changes in habitats during period transition. However, peering physicochemical and soundscape conditions, distinctions may still arise during two separate active periods. Through multivariate analysis, this study highlights the variability of shallow‐water hydrothermal vents, emphasizing the necessity for more frequent and detailed investigations to further understand these extreme and dynamic marine ecosystems.
Quantifying renewable energy potential and realized capacity in India: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Hunt Kieran M. R. , Bloomfield Hannah C.
Published: May 2024

As both the population and economic output of India continue to grow, so does its demand for electricity. Coupled with an increasing determination to transition to net zero, India has responded to this rising demand by rapidly expanding its installed renewable capacity: an increase of 60% in the last 5 years has been driven largely by a quintupling of installed solar capacity. In this study, we use broad variety of data sources to quantify potential and realized capacity over India from 1979 to 2022. For potential capacity, we identify spatiotemporal patterns in solar, wind, hydro and wave power. We show that solar capacity factor is relatively homogeneous across India, except over the western Himalaya, and is highest during the pre‐monsoon. Wind capacity factor is highest during the summer monsoon, and has high values off the southern coast, along the Western Ghats, and in Gujarat. We argue that wave power could be a useful source of renewable energy for the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which are not connected to the main Indian power grid. Using gridded estimates of existing installed capacity combined with our historical capacity factor dataset, we create a simple but effective renewable production model. We use this model to identify weaknesses in the existing grid—particularly a lack of complementarity between wind and solar production in north India, and vulnerability to high‐deficit generation in the winter. We discuss potential avenues for future renewable investment to counter existing seasonality problems, principally offshore wind and high‐altitude solar.
Nanohybrids with potential barrier property and antimicrobial activity for application in sustainable polymer food packaging: A mini‐review
Authors: Sant'anna Andrade Letícia , da Silva Emerson Oliveira
Published: May 2024

Packaging has important functions for products, contributing to their protection and presenting information. Recognizing that food loss and waste affect all countries, it is necessary to search for alternatives that change this scenario, such as active packaging. Particles with sizes between 1 and 100 nanometers (nanoparticles) are incorporated into polymeric materials because they are capable of improving or even providing properties that the film formed by the pure polymer does not have, due to its surface area being greater than that of macro‐sized particles. If two nanoparticles are previously combined to form a nanohybrid before being dispersed in a polymeric matrix, in addition to having this purpose, they can provide even better results when incorporated, due to the synergistic effects that can be attributed to the nanoparticles used. The utilization of active packaging composed of nano‐hybrids within biodegradable polymers holds significant potential for reducing solid plastic waste and the generation of persistent microplastics, thereby positively impacting human health. In this literature review, the effects of nanohybrid on antibacterial and barrier properties for application in food packaging in polymeric matrices were investigated using materials such as: nickel nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, copper oxide nanoparticles, cellulose nanowhiskers, Cloisite 30B, sodium alginate, poly(ethylene oxide), starch, poly(vinyl alcohol), chitosan and gelatin. The results were found to show the efficiency of nanohybrids in polymeric matrices, decreasing the water vapor and oxygen permeability and also increasing the antibacterial activity, which can prevent illnesses stemming from contaminated food occurs.
Impact of aromatic sulfonate derivative on the crystallization, thermal resistance, and hydrolytic properties of poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Wei Deyu , Wang Guoqiang , Lou Ziheng , Zhao Yan , Zhang Huiliang
Published: May 2024

The thermal, crystallization kinetics and hydrolysis properties of poly(lactic acid)‐based blends containing different concentrations of 5‐dimethylthioisosulfate salts (LAK) were systematically investigated and compared with those of poly(lactic acid) (PLA). PLA/LAK blends were prepared by melt blending method‐using LAK as a nucleating agent of PLA. During the isothermal crystallization process, the morphology of PLA crystal in the neat PLA and PLA/LAK blends showed spherical crystals. With an increase in the concentration of LAK, the nucleating density of the PLA spherulites increased and the size of the PLA spherulites decreased. Differential scanning calorimetry indicates that after the addition of LAK, both the crystallinity and crystallization rate of PLA have been enhanced. In situ X‐ray diffraction analysis also shows that the sample exhibits the same crystal structure as neat PLA and continues to strengthen, indicating that LAK enhances the crystallization properties of PLA. Moreover, the crystallinity of PLA increased and crystal size of PLA decreased with the increase in the LAK content. The Vicat softening temperatures of PLA/LAK blends increased, so the heat resistance improved. Through hydrolysis testing under identical conditions, the PLA/LAK blends exhibits better hydrolytic stability.
Patient‐ and parent‐reported diagnostic delay in children with central nervous system tumors in Denmark
Authors: Weile Kathrine Synne , Helligsoe Anne Sophie Lind , von Holstein Sarah Linea , Winther Jeanette Falck , Mathiasen René , Hasle Henrik , Henriksen Louise Tram
Published: May 2024

Background

Diagnostic delays in childhood tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) pose a significant challenge. The aim of this study was to map diagnostic delay and presenting symptoms in Denmark.

Methods

The study was a retrospective questionnaire study, mapping delay and symptoms in pediatric patients (0–17 years), diagnosed with a CNS tumor from 2015 to 2019. Descriptive analysis was performed to measure delay in days, reported as total diagnostic interval (TDI), patient interval (PI), and diagnostic interval (DI). Analysis of symptoms, contacts to healthcare professionals, and socioeconomic status was also performed.

Results

We included 89 patients (median age 7.0 years, 54% male). The TDI was median of 106 days (range: 0–2694 days). Low‐grade tumors had longer TDI than high‐grade tumors (125 vs. 43 days; p ≤ .02). Patients aged 15–17 displayed the longest TDI (median 665 days). Number of symptoms at onset were inversely associated with longer TDI in patients presenting one symptom (247 days) and patients presenting two to three (110 days) or greater than three complaints (66 days). PI was not associated with sex (p = .14), tumor grade (p = .63), location (p = .32), or socioeconomic status (p = .82). Most frequent single complaint at onset was headache (19%), most frequent combination of symptoms was headache and vomiting (60%).

Conclusion

We found TDIs longer than reported in contemporary publications. TDI was longer in patients with low‐grade tumors and only few symptoms at the time of onset. The findings support the crucial need of awareness and improved diagnostic tools to recognize and interpret symptoms to promote timely diagnosis.
Unpacking Behaviours: A Literature Study and Research Agenda on Consumer Behaviour in Packaging‐Free Systems
Authors: Jiménez Romanillos Elena , Williams Helén , Wever Renee
Published: May 2024

In an era where food packaging plays a dual role in both reducing food waste and contributing to global packaging waste, this study presents an analysis of packaging‐free systems. As governments and organizations attempt to address the environmental impact of single‐use packaging, packaging‐free alternatives have emerged as a promising solution. However, there is a need for a comprehensive assessment of environmental sustainability and its alignment with consumer behaviours and preferences in this growing type of grocery system. Considering this need, this study employs an integrative literature review process, selecting 51 research articles. This selection was classified into three principal areas: the characteristics of packaging‐free services, the dynamics of consumer behaviour and patterns from a household perspective. This review evaluates the effectiveness of packaging‐free systems, exploring the factors that drive consumer adoption, the obstacles to transitioning and the relevance of theoretical frameworks like the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and practice theory (PT) in understanding and assessing the sustainability of these alternatives. The result of this study is the identification of significant research gaps and opportunities, leading to a comprehensive research agenda. This agenda emphasizes the need for a more refined understanding of consumer classifications that extend beyond standard demographic metrics, delving into aspects like household structures, dietary preferences and regional variations. The study highlights the limited scope of existing literature by advocating for a holistic grocery analysis that blends packaging‐free and conventional shopping practices to understand more realistic grocery scenarios, as not all products are available in packaging‐free alternatives. It also underscores the importance of integrating environmental assessments with consumer behaviour studies to see the sustainability of the systems beyond reusable containers. Additionally, this research sheds light on the relatively unexplored area of online packaging‐free services, questioning the sustainable implication of incorporating online alternatives in grocery practices, and suggests a broader application of theoretical frameworks, including activity theory (AT) as a new perspective to achieve a new understanding of these systems. Lastly, contributing to the overall understanding of packaging‐free systems, the study concludes with a SWOT analysis that briefly identifies strengths in environmental sustainability and consumer awareness, balanced against weaknesses like data gaps and complex consumer decision‐making processes.
Probing Collins Conjecture with correlation energies and entanglement entropies for the ground and excited states in the helium iso‐electronic sequence
Authors: Lin Yen‐Chang , Ho Yew Kam
Published: May 2024

In the present work, we present an investigation of Collins Conjecture, a hypothesis made by D. M. Collins in 1993 relating correlation energy and entanglement entropy, by calculating the ground state and singly‐excited triplet‐spin 1s2s 3S and 1s3s 3S state energies of the helium iso‐electronic sequence, with Z = 2–15. By using extensive orthonormal configuration interaction (CI) type wave functions with B‐Spline basis up to about 6000 terms, linear entropy and von Neumann entropy for the abovementioned atomic systems are determined. Together with the Hartree‐Fock energies obtained following a self‐consistent field theory, we have found that there exist linearly proportionalities between the renormalized correlation energies and entanglement entropies of both linear and von Neumann, showing a support for Collins Conjecture applicable to the ground and singly‐excited triplet‐spin states in the helium sequence, for a range of finite Z‐values.
QSPR analysis for certain bio‐molecular architectures
Authors: Renai P. Noah Antony Daniel , Roy S. , Govardhan S.
Published: May 2024

Flavonoids are known for its mechanism of antioxidant property which can prevent DNA damage. These natural products' anticancer and antiviral properties are linked to their mechanism of action. Various examinations reveals that, there will be a adjacent relationship between the molecular structure and their physicochemical properties such as boiling point, melting point, entropy, and so forth. In this work we have presented the physicochemical analysis and determination of ‐electron energy for some bio‐molecular structures namely Erythroxylum Flavonoids, DNA (deoxyribonuclic acid), and RNA (ribonuclic acid). Additionally, the QSPR analysis of bio‐molecular structures using ten degree based topological indices are discussed to assist researchers in understanding the chemical reactions and physical properties related with them. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the indices values correlate well with the physicochemical properties of flavonoids, DNA, and RNA molecular structures from the presented regression model.
Intact quantitation of cysteine‐conjugated antibody‐drug conjugates using native mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Yihan , Wang Yuting , Shenoy Vikram M. , Niu Shuai , Jenkins Gary J. , Sarvaiya Hetal
Published: May 2024

Rationale

A common strategy for antibody‐drug conjugate (ADC) quantitation from in vivo study samples involves measurement of total antibody, conjugated ADC, and free payload concentrations using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry. This not only provides a limited picture of biotransformation but can also involve lengthy method development. Quantitation of ADCs directly at the intact protein level in native conditions using high‐resolution mass spectrometers presents the advantage of measuring exposure readout as well as monitoring the change in average drug‐to‐antibody ratio (DAR) and in vivo stability of new linker payloads with minimal method development. Furthermore, site‐specific cysteine‐conjugated ADCs often rely on non‐covalent association to retain their quaternary structure, which highlights the unique capabilities of native mass spectrometry (nMS) for intact ADC quantitation.

Methods

We developed an intact quantitation workflow involving three stages: automated affinity purification, nMS analysis, and data processing in batch fashion. The sample preparation method was modified to include only volatile ion‐pairing reagents in the buffer systems. A capillary size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) column was coupled to a quadrupole time‐of‐flight high‐resolution mass spectrometer for high‐throughput nMS analysis. Samples from two mouse pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were analyzed using both intact quantitation workflow and the conventional MRM‐based approach.

Results

A linear dynamic range of 5–100 μg/mL was achieved using 20 μL of serum sample volume. The results of mouse in vivo PK measurement using the intact quantitation workflow and the MRM‐based approach were compared, revealing excellent method agreement.

Conclusions

We demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing nMS for the quantitation of ADCs at the intact protein level in preclinical PK studies. Our results indicate that this intact quantitation workflow can serve as an alternative generic method for high‐throughput analysis, enabling an in‐depth understanding of ADC stability and safety in vivo.
Pseudoprogression of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Invading the Super Vermillion Border Following Programmed Death-1 Inhibitor Monotherapy
Authors: Thakker Sach , Yousefzadeh Naghmeh , Al-Mondhiry Jafar
Published: May 2024

A 55-year-old woman with a moderately differentiated cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) of the upper lip experienced initial tumour growth and new lymphadenopathy after starting immunotherapy with Cemiplimab, but achieved complete remission with no adverse events after five infusions. This case underscores the potential of immunotherapy for cSCC in sensitive head and neck areas and illustrates the phenomenon of pseudoprogression, where apparent tumour growth can occur before clinical improvement.
Typification of the Linnaean name Arum peregrinum (Araceae)
Authors: Iamonico Duilio
Published: May 2024

The typification of the Linnaean name Arum peregrinum, validly published in the first edition of Species plantarum, is discussed. In the absence of original material useful for lectotypification, a study of the various pre‐Linnaean works linked to this name, as well as an in‐depth analysis of literature, was necessary to understand its concept and designate a neotype. Tabula XXXVI in Plumier's Plantarum Americanarum, which was cited by Linnaeus in the tenth edition of Systema naturae under Arum peregrinum, is selected as neotype. Based on the typification, Arum peregrinum is synonymized with Alocasia macrorrhizos.
Modeling sub‐resolution porosity of a heterogeneous carbonate rock sample
Authors: Godoy William , Pontedeiro Elizabeth M. , Barros Rafael A. B. R. , de Vries Enno T. , Raoof Amir , van Genuchten Martinus Th. , Couto Paulo
Published: May 2024

Accurately estimating the petrophysical properties of heterogeneous carbonate rocks across various scales poses significant challenges, particularly within the context of water and hydrocarbon reservoir studies. Digital rock analysis techniques, such as X‐ray computed microtomography and synchrotron‐light‐based imaging, are increasingly employed to study the complex pore structure of carbonate rocks. However, several technical limitations remain, notably the need to balance the volume of interest with the maximum achievable resolution, which is influenced by geometric properties of the source–detector distance in each apparatus. Typically, higher resolutions necessitate smaller sample volumes, leading to a portion of the pore structure (the sub‐resolution or unresolved porosity), that remain undetected. In this study, X‐ray microtomography is used to infer the fluid flow properties of a carbonate rock sample having a substantial fraction of porosity below the imaging resolution. The existence of unresolved porosity is verified by comparisons with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. We introduce a methodology for modeling the sub‐resolution pore structure within images by accounting for unresolved pore bodies and pore throats derived from a predetermined distribution of pore throat radii. The process identifies preferential pathways between visible pores using the shortest distance and establishes connections between these pores by allocating pore bodies and throats along these paths, while ensuring compatibility with the NMR measurements. Single‐phase flow simulations are conducted on the full volume of a selected heterogeneous rock sample by using the developed pore network model. Results are then compared with petrophysical data obtained from laboratory measurements.
From Goa to Angola: Exploring Ideas and Mechanisms in Japan’s Kaihatsu-Yunyū
Authors: Kim Soyeun
Published: May 2024

The chapter investigates the evolution, ideational background, and implementation mechanisms of kaihatsu-yunyū (the “develop-and-import” scheme). In exploring and historicising this little studied topic, the chapter first examines the earliest form of kaihatsu-yunyū as seen in the Goa formula first appeared in 1951. The Goa formula was essentially a long-term resource-backed credit agreement in which Japan exported the necessary capital goods and technology to India—formerly considered as part of Southeast Asia—in exchange for iron ore as repayment. The chapter then surveys kaihatsu-yunyū in the context of Japan’s economic cooperation during the 1950s and 1960s as a dual-purpose policy tool to rebuild trade relations with Southeast Asia by securing raw materials from it, and expanding exports to the region. It also examines kaihatsu-yunyū-style aid that was designed to promote trade with Southeast Asia. To conclude, the chapter briefly discusses the legacy and significance of kaihatsu-yunyū—particularly the influence of Goa on the “Aid for Trade” agenda and China's contemporary large-scale resource-for-infrastructure swap agreements under its Angola model.