bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digitally tailoring arbitrary structured light of generalized ray-wave duality
Authors: Wan Zhensong , Wang Zhaoyang , Yang Xilin , Shen Yijie , Fu Xing
Published: September 2020

Structured lights, particularly those with tunable and controllable geometries, are highly topical due to a myriad of their applications from imaging to communications. Ray-wave duality (RWD) is an exotic physical effect in structured light that the behavior of light can be described by both the geometric ray-like trajectory and a coherent wave-packet, thus providing versatile degrees of freedom (DoFs) to tailor more general structures. However, the generation of RWD geometric modes requires a solid-state laser cavity with strict mechanical control to fulfill the ray oscillation condition, which limits the flexiblility of applications. Here we overcome this confinement to generate on-demand RWD geometric modes by digital holographic method in free space without a cavity. We put forward a theory of generalized ray-wave duality, describing all previous geometric modes as well as new classes of RWD geometric modes that cannot be generated from laser cavities, which are verified by our free-of-cavity creation method. Our work not only breaks the conventional cavity limit on RWD but also enriches the family of geometric modes. More importantly, it offers a new way of digitally tailoring RWD geometric modes on-demand, replacing the prior mechanical control, and opening up new possibilities for applications of ray-wave structured light.
Curved light surface model for calibration of a structured light 3D modeling system based on striped patterns
Authors: Yang Di , Qiao Dayong , Xia Changfeng
Published: September 2020

Structured light is an optical 3D surface measurement technique with the merits of high speed and high robustness. However, the huge size of traditional digital light processing (DLP) projectors limits its convenience in numerous applications. In this paper, a one-axis MEMS mirror is used as the structured light projector in 3D modeling systems, and has the advantages of small volume and low cost. Limited by the inability to project orthogonal patterns and projection distortion, it is difficult for the one-axis MEMS mirror based 3D modeling system to obtain high accuracy through existing calibration methods. This paper proposed a calibration method for structured light 3D modeling systems that can only project stripes in one direction with projection distortion. A curved surface equation called curved light surface model was proposed to replace the ideal plane equation as the mathematic model of the projected structured light stripes. Experiment results verified that this method can significantly reduce the effect of projection distortion and an accuracy of 0.11 mm was achieved when measuring a standard dumbbell-shaped object with 201.10 mm center-to-center distance.
Watt-level efficient 2.3  µm thulium fluoride fiber laser
Authors: Tyazhev Aleksey , Starecki Florent , Cozic Solenn , Loiko Pavel , Guillemot Lauren , Braud Alain , Joulain Franck , Tang Mincheng , Godin Thomas , Hideur Ammar , Camy Patrice
Published: September 2020

We report on an efficient mid-infrared thulium (Tm) fiber laser operating on the

3

H

4

→

3

H

5

transition and featuring an upconversion pumping scheme. This laser comprises a heavily

T
m

3
+

-doped (2.50 mol. %) zirconium fluoride glass fiber pumped by a tunable Yb fiber laser around 1.05 µm corresponding to the

3

F

4

→

3

F

2
,
3

excited-state absorption transition. The laser generates 1.24 W at 2269–2282 nm with a slope efficiency of 37% in the quasi-continuous-wave regime. The Tm-glass fiber exhibits a broadband

3

H

4

→

3

H

5

emission with a bandwidth of 173 nm, making it very promising for femtosecond fiber oscillators at

∼

2.3

µ

m

.
Frequency-doubling of continuous laser light in Laguerre–Gaussian modes LG0,0 and LG3,3: publisher’s note
Authors: Heinze Joscha , Vahlbruch Henning , Willke Benno
Published: September 2020

This publisher’s note contains corrections to Opt. Lett. 45, 5262 (2020)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.402371.
Investigation of photoluminescence mechanisms from porous polysilicon for optoelectronic devices
Authors: Li Yong , Ji Peng Fei , Song Yue Li , Zhou Feng Qun , Yuan Shu Qing
Published: September 2020

The room-temperature and temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra from as-grown and annealed porous polysilicon in the pure oxygen atmosphere have been measured and analyzed. The energy of blue emissions (B band) is independent on the measurement temperature, however; the intensity of the B band is decreased with the increasing measurement temperature. With the increasing measurement temperature, the band gap emissions of as-grown and annealed porous polysilicon at 300 °C show redshift. From the evolution of intensity with the measurement temperature, there are two different non-radiative recombination processes. At the low temperature range between 11 K to 80 K, the thermal quenching behaviors are due to the influence of the surface states. At the higher temperature range (from 80 K to 300 K), however, nonradiative recombination processes can be attributed to the thermal escape. We believe that the understanding of the defects is very beneficial for the application of the porous polysilicon in the optoelectronic device field.
Exceptional coupling in photonic anisotropic metamaterials for extremely low waveguide crosstalk: publisher’s note
Authors: Mia MD Borhan , Ahmed Syed Z. , Ahmed Ishtiaque , Lee Yun Jo , Qi Minghao , Kim Sangsik
Published: September 2020

This publisher’s note reports corrections to Optica 7,
881 (2020)OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.394987.
Dispersion-engineered nanocomposites enable achromatic diffractive optical elements: publisher’s note
Authors: Werdehausen Daniel , Burger Sven , Staude Isabelle , Pertsch Thomas , Decker Manuel
Published: September 2020

This publisher’s note reports a correction to Optica 6,
1031 (2019)OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.6.001031.
Co-producing research with academics and industry to create a more resilient UK water sector
Authors: Baker Kate , Ward Sarah , Turner Briony , Webber James , Sweetapple Chris , Drake Peter , Thomas David , Melville-Shreeve Peter , Fu Guangtao , Cherington-Rimmell Stephanie , Farmani Raziyeh , Butler David
Published: September 2020

Societal, economic and environmental impact generated by academic research is a key focus of publicly funded research in the UK. Drawing on experiences from the Safe & SuRe project, a five-year research project that was co-produced with industry, this paper explores the challenges, learnings and benefits of co-producing research with academics and practitioners to create a more resilient UK water sector. Three aspects of the project are explored in detail: the use of a steering group, co-developing research intensively with a water company, and co-dissemination industry-facing events. Emerging themes include: (1) benefits of the industry steering group to develop working relationships and trust among the group; (2) increased dialogue and sharing of information between industry and academics going beyond the one-way communication more commonly reported by STEM academics; and (3) the value of co-disseminating research to maintain and engage new connections and spark new research questions.
Reflections from the field: Researchers’ experiences of co-production
Authors: Barke Jenny , Thomas-Hughes Helen , Howard Marilyn
Published: September 2020

This paper draws on conversations between a group of research associates who worked on a large-scale co-produced research project, Productive Margins: Regulating for Engagement. Through our conversations and subsequent analysis, three themes emerged regarding our experiences working on the project: (1) Working across difference; (2) Engaging with arts practice; and (3) Creating the conditions for co-production. This paper reflects on these themes, and we suggest that there is a need to focus on and explore the processes of co-producing research in terms of pragmatics and epistemology.
Enabling participation of Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) and seldom-heard communities in health research: A case study from the SCAMP adolescent cohort study
Authors: Bruton Jane , Jones Kathryn , Jenkins Rosemary H. , Davies Bethan , Ward Helen , Toledano Mireille B.
Published: September 2020

Our inquiry investigated the barriers to, and facilitators for, the involvement of Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) and ‘seldom-heard’ communities, in a study researching the impact of mobile phone and wireless device usage on adolescents’ cognition, behaviour and mental health. The aim was to co-produce solutions to increase participation, and we used focus groups, telephone interviews, a community event and a public and patient involvement (PPI) café to conduct the inquiry. Five themes emerged from the data: two enablers – the value and benefits of research; and three barriers – concerns about research and about communication, and practical constraints. A central cross-cutting theme, the concept of trust, was evident from the data, and extended across all themes, including across the solutions to non-participation. When the data collection and analysis were completed, we ran a symposium for researchers and members of the public to share our findings and to co-produce solutions. The symposium generated ideas about improving participation, including tailoring participant information, engaging with local advocates and involving people in research design and delivery.
Evidence Cafés: Overcoming conflicting motivations and timings
Authors: Clough Gill , Adams Anne
Published: September 2020

Evidence-based practice is increasingly important in creating effective public services through the balance of high-quality research and valid practice. Yet even when academics and practitioners work together to use evidence in practice, barriers emerge. This paper describes research into equitable knowledge exchange between academia and practice, drawing on data from 15 Evidence Cafés run across the UK with police forces, involving 378 participants, represented here with three exemplar Evidence Café case studies. Our findings reveal the differences between one-way knowledge transfer and two-way, equitable knowledge exchange, and how champions and effectively designed and implemented discussion objects can overcome challenges of conflicting motivations and timing. We conclude that there is a need to reframe knowledge exchange through the lens of ‘evidence’ and the process of equitable co-creation of new meanings.
Co-producing artistic approaches to social cohesion
Authors: Goldstraw Katy , McMillan Andrew , Mort Helen , Pahl Kate , Pool Steve , Rafiq Zahir , Rasool Zanib
Published: September 2020

This paper examines the potential of co-produced arts-based methodologies through the lens of a social cohesion project, from the perspectives of five artists. Arts methodologies can be useful in working across different disciplines and across university and community boundaries to create equitable knowledge production processes. The ways in which art is used in community settings as a mode of collaboration are explored, using the reflections from five artists who were involved in the social cohesion project together. This paper argues that co-producing artistic approaches to social cohesion is a complex, multilayered and sometimes fragile process, but that recognizing and discussing understandings of the role of power and voice within co-produced projects enables effective team communication.
From anonymous subject to engaged stakeholder: Enriching participant experience in autistic-language-use research
Authors: Williams Gemma Louise
Published: September 2020

The Talking Together community-engagement pilot project brought together pairs of autistic and non-autistic strangers to: (1) talk about their experiences of loneliness in their local city; and (2) think about potential, co-produced responses to the problem. The project had evolved as a secondary aim, from an initial need to acquire naturalistic conversation data for my linguistic PhD research investigating a theoretical reframing of autistic language use as ‘different’ rather than ‘deficient’. The desire to make the data collection a meaningful experience for the participants in its own right was central to the research design, and so the Talking Together loneliness project was devised as a way to achieve this. However, it was not until the research was under way that the potential for valuable, immediate impact became apparent. This article reflects on the successes and challenges of the Talking Together pilot as a piece of autistic-led participatory research, and explores how the principles of engaged, participatory research can be applied so as to maximize impact, even where engagement may not be a primary aim. It also explores the ‘participatory’ nature of participatory research where the researcher belongs to the marginalized stakeholder group.
Gastric bypass in modern bariatric surgery
Authors: Ospanov Oral B. , Yeleuov Galymzhan A. , Bekmurzinova Farida K.
Published: September 2020

The Roux-en-Y Gastric bypass surgery has long been considered as the gold standard method for the surgical treatment of obesity and its complications. But at present, this position is disputed by supporters of one-anastomotic gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. The decrease in the share of gastric bypass in the structure of bariatric operations is explained by technical complexity, surgical and malabsorption complications. This review reflects the main role of gastric bypass as a bariatric surgery in the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome, and discloses various options for the technical implementation of gastric bypass surgery according to Roux-en-Y and alternative one-anastomotic gastric bypass surgery. The advantages and disadvantages of the stapler-use and stapleless method for performing bariatric operations are shown. In our opinion, one of the promising alternative concepts for the surgical treatment of obesity is stapleless one-anastomotic direction in gastric bypass surgery, but the known stapleless methods are imperfect and unsafe. Thus, based on the presented literature review, we can conclude that the imperfection of not only the stapler gastric bypass methods, but also the stapleless method. Therefore, a further research is needed for alternative surgical methods that would reduce the likelihood of surgical complications, reduce the cost of bariatric surgery and increase the accessibility of surgical treatment of obesity for the population.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity among the adult population of the Yaroslavl region
Authors: Tyatenkova Nataliya N. , Uvarova Iuliya E.
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: Obesity is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases. Overweight and obesity negatively affect all spheres of human activity, leading to the development of related diseases and disability.
AIMS: to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the adult population of the Yaroslavl region according to sex and age.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research included results of comprehensive medical examinations of 13948 persons of both sexes aged from 20 to 79 permanently residing in the Yaroslavl region. Anthropometric examination was performed by standard methods with the measurement of body weight and body length and calculation of body mass index. Overweight was defined as having a BMI to 25.029.9 kg/m2, obesity was defined as having BMI grater or equal to 30 kg/m2. The fat compound of body mass was determined by bioimpedancemetry.
RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight among the adult population of the Yaroslavl region was 34.2%, obesity was 31.6%. Overweight in men of all ages was at least 1.5 times more prevalent than women, obesity in women was 1.3 times more prevalent than in men. The prevalence of firstdegree obesity was 20.9%, grade II and III 7.9% and 2.8%, respectively. The proportion of overweight and obesity increased with age, reaching a maximum of 5059 years for men and 6069 years for women. The gradient of age changes is more pronounced in women. Patients with normal body mass index had excessive fat deposition in 38% of cases.
CONCLUSIONS: The study showed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults in the Yaroslavl region.
The relationship of obesity and prostate cancer (review)
Authors: Peshkov Maxim N. , Peshkova Galina P. , Reshetov Igor V.
Published: September 2020

Obesity is a critical risk factor for prostate cancer (PCa). Adipose tissue plays an important role in tumor development, including growth, invasion, and metastasis. Diet and dietary components affect the progression of prostate cancer; however, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. Extraprostatic prostate tumor cells form a new microenvironment in the periprostatic adipose tissue, which alters these interactions and promotes tumor progression.
Hyperinsulinemia leads to an increase in the level of free or biologically active insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) due to a decrease in the production of IGF-binding proteins. Hypoandrogenism promotes the development of a more aggressive type of prostate cancer (higher Gleason scores). Adipokines of adipose tissue and cytokines (for example, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-), angiogenic factors (for example, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), apelin (AGTRL1) and other factors (for example, leptin and adiponectin) have multiple effects on prostate cancer cells. Tumor cells interact directly or indirectly with adipocytes.
Yellow (inactive) bone marrow is adipose tissue with separate islands of reticular tissue. It is located in the medullary canals of the tubular bones and in parts of the cells of the cancellous bone. Bone tissue is the object of the most frequent metastasis in prostate cancer, and with age, the content of fat cells in it increases. Bone marrow adipose tissue interacts with tumor cells, osteoblasts and other stromal cells and participates in the organization of the tumor microenvironment. Adipokines are key molecules in the interaction between tumor cells and adipose tissue, which is carried out through various mechanisms. A better understanding of the role of adipose tissue in the induction and progression of prostate cancer will lead to effective therapeutic strategies for this disease.
The evaluation of chromosome telomere length change as a criterion of life expectancy in bariatric practice
Authors: Bekmurzinova Farida K. , Ospanov Oral B. , Akilzhanova Ainur R. , Kozhamkulov Ulan A. , Rakhimova Saule E.
Published: September 2020

In recent decades, the prevalence of obesity has been steadily increasing in most countries of the world. Overweight is a risk factor for a wide range of endocrine, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, metabolic, neoplastic and musculoskeletal disorders and diseases. As you know, obesity is a state of chronic inflammation and severe oxidative stress, which will certainly affect the length of the chromosome telomeres. The dynamics of telomere length changes plays a decisive role in the regulation of cellular processes and cellular changes. Damage to telomeres, chromatin structures that help maintain the stability of the genome, leads to cell death or aging. However, information on how telomere length changes after weight loss through bariatric surgery remains limited to date. There are several types of bariatric surgery, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages. Based on this, it is possible that the restoration of the telomere length will differ depending on the technique used. This review describes the mechanisms for shortening leukocyte telomeres, and how bariatric surgery can affect this. The review also includes an analysis of evidence linking obesity and accelerated aging processes, as they are regulated by telomeres.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, leptin and insulin resistance in patients with obesity after bariatric surgery
Authors: Volkova Anna R. , Fishman Michael B. , Semikova Galina V.
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: The function of the thyroid gland effects on obesity and comorbidities. It has been proven for bariatric surgery to be the most effective in obesity treatment.
AIM: to evaluate the dynamics of body weight, thyroid status, leptin and insulin resistance in obese patients after bariatric surgery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 74 obese patients were observed after bariatric surgery (sleeve gastrectomy 42, gastric bypass - 32); initial body mass index (BMI), thyroid stimulating hormone, free T4, fasting plasma leptin, insulin and glucose were estimated; the insulin resistance index HOMA-IR was calculated. The dynamics of body weight was estimated by BMI and the excess BMI loss (% EBMIL). After 3 years of follow-up, 48 patients were examined.
RESULTS: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) was detected in 36.5% of patients with high degrees of obesity. A correlation was found between BMI and TSH level (R=0.5; p=0.01). HOMA-IR was increased in most patients with obesity of the II and III degree (4.81.9 ng / ml). In the SH group, the leptin level was significantly higher than in the group with a normal TSH level of 43.07.3 ng / ml and 33.24.6 ng / ml (p=0.004). Among patients with initial SH, spontaneous reduction of TSH levels occurred in 45% patients 3 years after surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: Postoperatively, the BMI decrease was associated with the decrease of TSH, leptin and HOMA-IR. The data obtained may reflect the effect of adipose tissue on the functional state of the thyroid gland in patients with high degrees of obesity after bariatric surgery. This seems to be extremely important for maintaining body weight.
The effect of bariatric surgery on purine metabolism and gout
Authors: Panevin Taras S. , Eliseev Maxim S. , Shestakova Marina V.
Published: September 2020

Gout is an auto-inflammatory tophaceous disease characterized by the deposition of crystals of monosodium urate and developing in connection with this inflammation in people with hyperuricemia (HU). Except to genetic factors, risk factors for the development of HU and gout are many modifiable factors, including metabolic syndrome and obesity, and their correction is the most important component of successful disease control. Obesity can change the clinical picture of gout, characterized by an earlier onset, a large number of affected joints. Weight loss helps reduce uric acid (UA) serum levels. Bariatric / metabolic surgery significantly reduces the incidence of comorbid obesity and mortality, and is by far the most effective way to combat obesity. In addition to improving health, an important goal of bariatric surgery is to improve the quality of life. Bariatric surgery can prevent the development of HU in subjects with an initially normal level of serum UA before surgery. The dynamics of the concentration of UA in serum can be a predictor of successful bariatric surgery and help in predicting the severity of postoperative weight loss. The decrease in body weight after bariatric surgery leads to a decrease in UA in the long-term postoperative period, however, there is a high frequency of acute gout attacks in the early postoperative period. Thus, bariatric surgery has a significant effect on HU and gout and can be an effective treatment for this disease.
The frequency of obesity in patients with acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer
Authors: Grigor’eva Irina N. , Efimova Olga V. , Suvorova Tatyana S.
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: In the XXI century, the frequency of pancreas diseases increased 23 times. The expectation that causes a pandemic lead to the development of a number of diseases. The results of studies on the relationship of overweight, obesity with the risk of developing pancreas diseases (acute pancreatitis (AP), chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreas cancer (PC)) are very heterogeneous (for AP and PC) and not numerous (for CP).
AIMS: to identify the frequency of obesity in AP patients (APр), CP patients (СPр) and PC patients (PCр) and compare these parameters.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: at the observational multicenter clinical cross-sectional uncontrolled case-study 44 APp, 97 CPp and 45 PCp were examined; the groups were comparable by sex/age. Informed consent form for participate in the study was obtained from all patients. The main outcome of the study: the frequency of obesity in APp, CPp; PCp.
RESULTS: The frequency of obesity in APp (13,6%), CPp (24,7%) and PCp (20,0%) did not differ significantly. Among the examined patients, the lowest average BMI (24,20,7 kg/m2) was observed in APp (p=0,049). BMI 22,5 kg/m2 was found to be associated with AP (OR=0,398; 95%CI 0,1950,812; p=0,011). An inverse relationship was shown between the BMI and definite CP (Exp (B)=0,772; 95%CI 0,6320,942; p=0,011). In men with CP and in CPp alcoholic etiology, weight deficit was observed significantly more often than in women with CP and in CPp biliary etiology, respectively. Earlier (a year before the present survey), obesity was more common in PCp (55,6%) than in APp (13,6%, 2=3,3; p=0,000) and CPp (25,8%, 2=12,0; p=0,001). A history of obesity (in our study one year before PC detection) and PC (OR=4,435; 95% CI 2,1809,025; p=0,000) direct relationship was shown.
CONCLUSIONS: the frequency of obesity in APp, CPp and PCp was similar. The average BMI was higher in APp, than in CPp and PCp. BMI22,5 kg/m2 was a protective factor for AP. BMI was inversely associated with defined CP. A history of obesity was directly associated with PC.
Perspektiven zur Erklärung des »Schweigens« von Nutzer*innen digitaler sozialer Netzwerkplattformen als Reaktion auf Online Hate Speech
Authors: Josupeit Christina
Published: September 2020

Christina Josupeit widmet sich in ihrem Beitrag dem Phänomen der schweigenden Mehrheit in der Online-Kommunikation, im Speziellen im Kontext von Hate Speech. Die Reaktion auf Online Hate Speech, hier verstanden als Ausdruck gruppenbezogener Menschenfeindlichkeit, unterliegt dem Zwiespalt zwischen einer normativen Erwartungshaltung, als Nutzer*in Gegenrede (»Counter Speech«) zu betreiben, und dem augenscheinlichen Nicht-Handeln in Form des Schweigens, welches den digitalen Partizipationsmöglichkeiten zum Trotz die am häufigsten beobachtete Reaktionsform darstellt. Unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Erklärungsansätze argumentiert die Autorin, dass das Schweigen vielfältige situations- und personenspezifische Ursachen haben und damit nicht mit dem »erhobenen Zeigefinger« aus dem Weg geräumt werden kann. Die Analyse bringt allerdings auch ans Licht, welche Forschungslücken in diesem Bereich noch vorliegen, und schließt mit einem Ausblick auf empirische Forschungsprojekte.
Die Herstellung ruraler Naturen als Materialisierung des Dörflichen
Authors: Müller Oliver
Published: September 2020

Das Ländliche als Wahrnehmungs-, Deutungs- und Handlungskategorie erfährt im Kontext politökonomischer Transformationsprozesse ländlicher Räume eine Aktualisierung - auch und vor allem in der sozialen Aneignung von Natur. Der Beitrag untersucht, wie lokale Akteur*innen im Rahmen eines LEADER-Projekts ihre Beziehungen zur materiellen Natur ihres Dorfes gestalten - zwischen einem »schon immer so« und dem generationellen Wandel im Dorf. Die ethnographische Feldforschung, die während des Jahres 2018 im kleinen Dorf »Hengasch« durchgeführt wurde, eröffnet den Blickwinkel auf die Sichtweisen der Bewohner*innen, deren soziale Praxen, symbolische Repräsentationen sowie kulturelle Objektivationen des Ländlichen. In diesen aktualisieren die Bewohner*innen die Kategorie des Dörflichen in vierfacher Weise: 1) als körperlich-affektives Sensorium der Wahrnehmung; 2) als raumzeitliche Kategorie der Kontinuität; 3) als Lebensform »authentischer« Selbst- und Weltbezüge; 4) sowie als topographischer Wissensspeicher.
The Political Ecology of Malaria
Authors: van Soest Matian
Published: September 2020

Malaria remains one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. Matian van Soest looks at the malaria epidemic in the peri-urban zones of Uganda's capital Kampala against the backdrop of recent socio-ecological transformations. Based on long-term ethnographic research, the book provides a holistic picture of the malaria epidemic in central Uganda, revealing the highly localized character of an epidemic that once spanned across almost the entire globe. Understanding, and ultimately tackling the disease, requires an appreciation of the social, political, as well as ecological circumstances that frame this epidemic.
Rural Access Denied or Difficult: Foreign News Journalists from Germany Face Obstacles in Reporting about the "Rohingya" Conflict in Myanmar's Northern Rakhine State
Authors: Hahn Oliver , Munkler Anna
Published: September 2020

In this study Oliver Hahn and Anna Munkler analyse obstacles that foreign news journalists from Germany face in reporting about the so-called »Rohingya« conflict in Myanmar's Northern Rakhine State. This long-lasting dispute between a Muslim population group fighting for recognition as ethnic minority and the central government lead to an outbreak of violence followed by a mass exodus in 2017, in which the role of (parts of) the military remains controversial. This chapter presents the results of a qualitative survey conducted in 2018 among 8 foreign news journalists covering the crisis for German media. The interviewees mention a lack of access to the area, a poor infrastructure in rural areas, a restrictive visa policy, a non-existent clear governmental information and strategic communication policy and a worsening security situation for journalists in Myanmar. As a consequence, they see and, to a certain degree, even accept a lack of neutrality in international news reporting.
Crossover als Inszenierungsstrategie
Authors: Petry Clara-Franziska
Published: September 2020

Wie grenzt sich klassische Musik von Popmusik ab? Und welche Rolle spielen dabei performative Inszenierungsstrategien? Mit einem praxeologischen Ansatz arbeitet Clara-Franziska Petry Inszenierungsstrategien als konstituierende Prozesse für Musikgenres heraus und entwirft eine Aufführungsanalyse von Stars. Im Zentrum stehen dabei sogenannte Crossover-Phänomene, die Genregrenzen generell aufbrechen. Die Inszenierungstechniken von Authentizität, Virtuosität, Popularität, Kulturalität, Korporalität und Lokalität ermöglichen einen Vergleich von E- und U-Musik, der nicht auf der Ebene des musikalischen Materials, sondern auf performativer Ebene basiert.
Performative Sammlungen
Authors: Lorey Stefanie
Published: September 2020

In ihrer künstlerisch-wissenschaftlichen Studie untersucht Stefanie Lorey erstmalig Methoden des Sammelns und Ordnens unter der Prämisse performativer Handlungs- und Präsentationformen. Vor dem Hintergrund einer eigenen langjährigen künstlerischen Biographie, die sich durch diverse performative Sammlungsformate auszeichnet, fordert und formuliert sie - als Erweiterung bereits vorhandener Attributionen in der Bildenden Kunst - eine neue künstlerische Kategorie: die performative Sammlung. Definition, Beschreibung und Ausführungen dieser neuen Kategorie bilden die Grundlage dieser Arbeit.
Hitlers Fotograf
Authors: Irrgang Christina
Published: September 2020

Propaganda-Bildbände waren ein konstitutiver Teil der nationalsozialistischen (Bild-)Politik, die maßgeblich von einem Mann beeinflusst wurde: Heinrich Hoffmann. Der Fotografie-Unternehmer vermarktete weltweit nationalsozialistische Bilder mit Adolf Hitler als wiederkehrendem, wenn auch nicht alleinigem Motiv. Christina Irrgangs Medienanalyse unterzieht seine zugrunde liegende Bildstrategie einer kritischen Revision und deckt an ausgewählten Beispielen Mechanismen auf, die noch heute Wirksamkeit erfahren. Damit entfacht sie einen vernachlässigten Diskurs neu und erweitert ihn um eine fototheoretische Perspektive.
Vulnerabilität und Verantwortung
Authors: Fürholzer Katharina
Published: September 2020

Katharina Fürholzer widmet sich in ihrem Beitrag ethischen Dimensionen von Pathographien. Dabei scheint es, so die Autorin, nur bedingt relevant, ob das entsprechende Werk aus medizinischer oder künstlerischer Perspektive verfasst wird. Denn in allen Fällen wird das Leben eines kranken und damit in besonderem Maße schutzbedürftigen Menschen in den Vordergrund gestellt. Diese Repräsentation krankheitsbedingter Vulnerabilität bringt Verantwortung mit sich - sowohl für die Produzenten des entsprechenden Werkes als auch die Rezipienten. Nach einer Einführung in Geschichte, Definition und Medialität des Genres werden vor diesem Hintergrund Aspekte einer pathographischen Ethik zur Diskussion gestellt (v.a. mit Blick auf: Unterschiede zwischen Auto- vs. Fremdpathographien; Korrelationen von Autorschaft und Autorität). Der Beitrag endet mit einem Ausblick auf die ethischen Herausforderungen des krankheitsbezogenen Computerspiels.
Games for Health - Spiele der Biopolitik
Authors: Ledder Simon
Published: September 2020

In dem Artikel werden »Games for Health« mit Rückgriff auf Theorien der Biopolitik analysiert. Mit Games for Health werden sehr unterschiedliche digitale Spiele bezeichnet, in denen »Gesundheit« zum Thema gemacht wird. Dies umfasst etwa Spiele, die die Spielenden zu Fitness motivieren sollen, Spiele, die Wissen über einen »gesunden Lebensstil« vermitteln, Spiele für Rehabilitationsanwendungen oder Spiele, in denen medizinisches Personal seine Tätigkeiten trainieren kann. Trotz dieser Vielfalt gibt es einige geteilte Eigenschaften. Im Artikel werden Games For Health mit Bezug auf Aspekte wie Disziplinierung, Normalisierung, Selbstüberwachung, immaterielle Arbeit und Bio-Staatsbürgerschaft diskutiert.
»Traut euch, steht auf, wer hier Jude ist!«: Antisemitismus an Schulen
Authors: Bernstein Julia , Diddens Florian
Published: September 2020

Julia Bernstein und Florian Diddens gehen in ihrem Beitrag der Frage nach, wie sich Antisemitismus an Schulen ausdrückt. Auf der Grundlage der Darstellung zentraler Forschungsbefunde einer soziologisch-qualitativen Studie zum Phänomenbereich rekonstruieren sie die Erfahrungen und Sichtweisen jüdischer Lehrer*innen, Schüler*innen und ihrer Eltern und vergleichen diese mit der Problemwahrnehmung von Lehrkräften. Sie kommen zum Ergebnis, dass die Verbreitung des Antisemitismus und die Diskriminierungserfahrungen der Betroffenen häufig mit einer defizitären pädagogischen Praxis oder gar mit bagatellisierenden Haltungen der Lehrkräfte einhergehen. Dass Antisemitismus häufig nicht als Problem wahrgenommen wird und die Betroffenen allein gelassen werden, betrachten sie im Zusammenhang mit antisemitischen Differenzkonstruktionen, die Jüdinnen und Juden an die Position der »Anderen« setzen. Dabei legen sie den Fokus darauf, wie die Betroffenen in Bezug auf Religion zu »Anderen« gemacht, abgewertet und zudem mit institutioneller Diskriminierung konfrontiert werden.
Toleranz als Mittel zum Umgang mit religiöser Vielfalt
Authors: Schulze-Marmeling Friederike
Published: September 2020

Der Begriff der Toleranz hat in Diskussionen um den Religionsunterricht und im Besonderen in Bezug auf das interreligiöse Lernen einen hohen Stellenwert. Angesichts der Häufigkeit, mit der dieser Begriff in religionspädagogischen Zusammenhängen fällt, sowie der Bedeutung, die Toleranz als Konzept zugesprochen wird, ist es erstaunlich, dass in der Religionspädagogik bis heute recht wenige inhaltliche Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Begriff zu verzeichnen sind. Dieser Artikel knüpft an bereits vorhandene Ansätze zu einer Toleranzdidaktik an und erweitert sie um diskurs- und machtanalytische Aspekte in der Diskussion um Toleranz. Es wird gezeigt, dass eine Toleranzdidaktik ohne eine machtkritische Perspektive auf den Islamdiskurs nicht auskommt.
Kontrollregime und Eigensinn am Zürcher Lehrerseminar und an Erziehungsanstalten im späten 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert
Authors: Grube Norbert
Published: September 2020

Norbert Grube diskutiert aktuelle Positionen zum Quellenwert von Selbstzeugnissen für die historische Praxeologie anhand von Spannungsverhältnissen von Machtregimen, Alltagsroutinen und eigensinnigen Taktiken (Lüdtke, de Certeau) der Zöglinge vor allem am Zürcher Lehrerseminar in Küsnacht um 1900. Quellenkritisch wird reflektiert, inwieweit autofiktionale Texte neben selektiven Erinnerungen von erfahrenen Praktiken der Lehrerbildung etablierte Diskursmuster über das Seminar als Kontrollinstitution aufgreifen. Analysen von Protokollen der Aufsichtskommission und des Lehrerkonvents aus Küsnacht zeigen ergänzend, wie die Seminarzöglinge mehrschichtiger sozialer Kontrolle von Lehrern und Freunden ausgesetzt waren und am Kontrollort »Seminar« zugleich verschiedene pädagogische, intellektuelle, lokale und institutionalisierte Wissen zirkulierten. Somit konkurrierten je nach Alltagskontext diverse Praktiken, welche sich die Zöglinge teils eigensinnig aneigneten und auch neu hervorbrachten.
Praktiken der Eignungsabklärung von angehenden Zürcher Primarlehrpersonen (1940-1960)
Authors: Hoffmann-Ocon Andreas
Published: September 2020

Andreas Hoffmann-Ocon untersucht in einer praxeologischen Perspektive die Eignungsabklärung angehender Zürcher Primarlehrpersonen um die Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts mit doppelter Zielsetzung: Einerseits richtet sich der Fokus auf die historische Erschließung alltäglicher eignungsrelevanter Praxisberichterstattung von Studierenden, andererseits wird die Frage mitlaufend behandelt, welche neuen Einblicke spezifische Quellen - etwa Kommissionsprotokolle, Praxisberichte und Ego-Dokumente - in sich wandelnde Alltagsroutinen der Eignungsabklärung bieten. So kommen vergangene Lebensformen und Lebenswelten von Studierenden und Dozierenden an einem Ausbildungsort für Lehrpersonen mit dort verschiedenen zirkulierenden Wissen ins Blickfeld. Dadurch werden neue Sichtweisen ermöglicht, in denen die scheinbar strengen Vorgaben einer Prüfungsordnung und die erstaunliche Vielgestaltigkeit der Berichtspraxis nicht als separierte Felder, sondern als amalgamierter Praxiskomplex verstanden werden.
Ver-rückte Expertisen
Authors: Schmid Christine
Published: September 2020

Die eigene Erfahrung zum Beruf machen. Genesungsbegleiter*innen sind Psychiatrie-Erfahrene oder deren Angehörige, die in der psychiatrischen Versorgung professionell tätig werden. Aber wie lässt sich überhaupt eine spezifische (Krisen-)Erfahrung zu einer alltäglichen Expertise machen? Christine Schmid bietet hierauf eine ethnografisch-empirische Antwort: Sie entwickelt das ambivalente Bild einer professionellen Zwischenzone und schärft damit den Blick auf die Zusammenhänge zwischen Erfahrung(en) und Expertise(n) - für den Beruf der Genesungsbegleitung, für das Fach Europäische Ethnologie und nicht zuletzt für gegenwärtige gesellschaftliche Debatten um die Legitimität von Expertise.
Abfallverbindungen
Authors: Gehrlein Christina
Published: September 2020

Was sind die Begleiterscheinungen einer Industriegesellschaft, die in immer größerem Ausmaß Abfälle produziert, die räumliche und zeitliche Grenzen sprengen? Wie hängt deren Entstehung mit Imaginationen und Phantasmen zusammen? Was wissen literarische Texte über die Transformationen, die den Wandel von Abfällen begleiten? Christina Gehrlein nimmt sich diesen Fragen an und betrachtet Akte der Verschiebung - zwischen Wert und Unwert, Nutzen und Unnutzen, Kultur und Natur, Nichtabfall und Abfall. Damit eröffnet sie ein Panorama an Reflexionsangeboten auf individueller wie gesellschaftlicher Ebene, in Bezug auf Handlungsweisen, aber auch dichotome Perspektiven.
Wohnungswechsel
Authors: Hasse Jürgen
Published: September 2020

Ein Wohnungswechsel scheint in erster Linie logistische Herausforderungen zu bergen. Tatsächlich ist er aber auch ein existenzieller »Platzwechsel«, der die Umziehenden atmosphärisch mitunter abgründig berührt. Praktisch werden Umzüge nur selten zur Sache selbst- wie weltbezogener Reflexion, obwohl gerade sie fruchtbare Wege einer Hermeneutik des eigenen Selbst öffnen können. Mit der Mobilisierung des gesamten Hausrates verliert das alltägliche Wohnzeug sein vertrautes Gesicht und die Dinge brechen als biographische Male der Erinnerung in irritierender Weise auf. Jürgen Hasse nimmt in seiner Phänomenologie Wohnungsumzüge zum Anlass der Rekonstruktion von Geschichten der gelebten Zeit.
Manuel Revuelta. Palentino universal, historiador arraigado en su tierra natal
Authors: Gil Coria Eusebio
Published: September 2020

El Profesor Manuel Revuelta mantuvo como una de sus especialidades la historia de Palencia. Prácticamente toda su producción histórica sobre Palencia es ocasional, producida en intervalos de la labor primordial suya de historiador. Son estudios de investigación o de divulgación. En conjunto ofrecen un panorama esclarecedor de determinadas épocas y circunstancias de la vida de Palencia. Ordeno el conjunto de estos trabajos en: 1. Los dedicados a su villa natal. 2. Los dedicados a la provincia. 3. Los dedicados a la Iglesia de Palencia. 4. Una exposición del libro que es como el legado que el autor deja de su obra de historiador de Palencia.
La atención de Manuel Revuelta al patrimonio artístico de su Palencia natal
Authors: Pinilla Burgos Ricardo
Published: September 2020

Destacamos una faceta de la labor ingente del Manuel Revuelta que aúna el amor a su tierra natal y su mirada experta de historiador, abordando su atención de los avatares de la conciencia artística en la provincia de Palencia, desarrollada especialmente en un estudio aparecido en 1999. Revuelta parte de una interesante noción de «conciencia artística», que implica no sólo la conservación y cuidado sino la valoración y estudio del patrimonio de una región, con sus implicaciones culturales y religiosas. El recorrido que nos propone centrado en Palencia y el conocimiento de sus tesoros artísticos es a la vez un análisis muy sugerente de la misma historia de España entre el siglo XVIII y los inicios del XX, y cómo se jugaron las relaciones entre la Iglesia, el estado, las nuevas ideas políticas y el valor espiritual y cultural del arte.
Raíces sociales del anticlericalismo español
Authors: Arranz Roa Íñigo
Published: September 2020

Se trazan las líneas generales del alcance y las posibles fases de un anticlericalismo social en la España decimonónica. En paralelo al divorcio creciente entre el sector más progresista y revolucionario y la Iglesia institucional, considerada como un obstáculo para el avance del progreso y la libertad, aparecen nuevas formas de atención a los más vulnerables y permanecen con muchas dificultades las heredadas de tiempos modernos. Adaptación y cambio, desprecio y compromiso. De nuevo, las personas más desfavorecidas se quedan al margen de las reivindicaciones obreras y de la pugna ideológica durante la configuración del nuevo estado liberal.
El apostolado social de la provincia jesuita Bética
Authors: Soto Artuñedo Wenceslao
Published: September 2020

Este trabajo presenta el apostolado social en la provincia Bética en la Edad Contemporánea, si bien con referencias al resto de España. En él se dan diversas etapas u oleadas en las que con fuerza renovada los jesuitas andaluces retoman este ministerio, impregnándolo de alguna novedad y manteniendo herencias precedentes. Así se muestra que, si bien el interés de la Compañía por el mundo de los necesitados es de siempre, en cada lugar y tiempo busca expresiones nuevas que se mueven entre labores asistenciales, educativas y políticas.
Does government policy matter? Factors influencing contractors' risk attitudes in the Malaysian construction industry: A structural equation modelling analysis
Authors:   Faculty of Industrial Management, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Moshood Taofeeq , Adeleke Adekunle ,   Faculty of Industrial Management, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Nawanir Gusman ,   Faculty of Industrial Management, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Bamgbade Jibril ,   Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Ajibika Waliu ,   Faculty of Industrial Management, Universiti Malaysia Pahang
Published: September 2020

One of the critical factors responsible for the successful management of construction projects is individual factors. These factors play a significant role in the decision-makers' attitudes towards risks management. Many previous studies regarding the management of construction projects have focusedon the factors contributing to the success of risk management. However, little attention has been given to factors severely affecting the decision-makers' risk attitudes with particular reference to an individual's risk factors in the construction industry. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors affecting contractors' risk attitudes and then determine its relationship with government policy. Theoriesof planned behaviour and organisational control wereused to develop the theoretical framework that investigated G-7 contractors in the Kuantan Pahang, Malaysian construction industry. A review of relevant literature and questionnaire was employedto identify the factors affecting contractors' risk attitudes (personal factors). 112copies of a structured questionnaire were analysed with a response rate of 80%. Structural Equation Modelling SEM was utilised to test the hypotheses developed for the study. The results of this study,through SEM,proved that personal factors (working experience, professional competence and physical health) have a significant influence on contractor risk attitudes in the Malaysian construction industry. The findings of this research also confirm that government policy (rules and regulations) plays a moderating role in enhancing the relationship of personal factors affecting contractors’ risk attitudes in construction companies in Malaysia. The findings of the study provide more understanding of the personal factors that affect contractors' risk attitudes to facilitate contractors' decision-making process and serve as a useful reference for further studies in the field of construction project management.
An interdisciplinary perspective of conflict and relationships in construction procurement and logistics
Authors:   School of Built Environment, Massey University, New Zealand, Jelodar Mostafa , van Heerden Andries ,   School of Built Environment, Massey University, New Zealand, Chawynski Gregory ,   School of Built Environment, Massey University, New Zealand
Published: September 2020

Due to the construction industry’s eagerness tolifting adversarial trends and realising the benefits of good relationships, the current research intends to investigate the construct of relationship quality in construction projects; especially in the eventof a conflict. An interdisciplinary construct is derived using a three step methodology and wide range of theories from a comprehensive literature review. These theories range from relational marketing to relational contracting and construction project management. A conflict process model is used to outline the association of conflict and relationship quality in construction projects. Concepts such as psychological meaningfulness, psychological availability, resource availability, aligned-commitment, teamwork, performance satisfaction and trust are attributed to relationship quality. An interdisciplinary construct with antecedents, core attributes and outcomes are achieved. Conflict is demonstrated as a potential antecedent of relationship quality. Finally, moderating factors such as actions and strategies, some of which could be used in conflict management are identified as moderators of relationship quality. By identifying and mapping all the possible components in relationship quality, its different constructs and potential interactions can be recognised. This is extremely important in future investigations of relationship quality in relation to construction project issues and trainingproject teams. The choices of components for the construct are extracted from existing literature; however other components may be of effect which are not included and explored in the future. The model can be used to achieve project integration goals and joint problem solving strategies.