bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Backscatter Characteristics Analysis for Flood Mapping Using Multi-Temporal Sentinel-1 Images
Authors: Huang Minmin , Jin Shuanggen
Published: August 2022

Change detection between images of pre-flood and flooding periods is a critical process for flood mapping using satellite images. Flood mapping from SAR images is based on backscattering coefficient differences. The change rules of the backscattering coefficient with different flooding depths of ground objects are essential prior knowledge for flood mapping, while their absence greatly limits the precision. Therefore, minimizing the backscattering coefficient differences caused by non-flood factors is of great significance for improving the accuracy of flood mapping. In this paper, non-flood factor influences, i.e., monthly variations of ground objects and polarization and satellite orbits, on the backscattering coefficient are studied with multi-temporal Sentinel-1 images for five ground objects in Kouzi Village, Shouguang City, Shandong Province, China. Sentinel-1 images in different rainfalls are used to study the variation of the backscattering coefficient with flooding depths. Since it is difficult to measure the flooding depth of historical rainfall events, a hydrological analysis based on the Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) is used to estimate the flooding depth. The results showed that the monthly variations of the maximum backscattering coefficients of farmland and construction and the backscattering coefficient differences caused by the satellite orbit were larger than the minimum backscattering coefficient differences caused by inundation. The flood extraction rules of five objects based on Sentinel-1 were obtained and analyzed, which improved flood extraction knowledge from qualitative to semi-quantitative analysis.
Improved RANSAC Point Cloud Spherical Target Detection and Parameter Estimation Method Based on Principal Curvature Constraint
Authors: Wu Qinghua , Liu Jiacheng , Gao Can , Wang Biao , Shen Gaojian , Li Zhiang
Published: August 2022

Spherical targets are widely used in coordinate unification of large-scale combined measurements. Through its central coordinates, scanned point cloud data from different locations can be converted into a unified coordinate reference system. However, point cloud sphere detection has the disadvantages of errors and slow detection time. For this reason, a novel method of spherical object detection and parameter estimation based on an improved random sample consensus (RANSAC) algorithm is proposed. The method is based on the RANSAC algorithm. Firstly, the principal curvature of point cloud data is calculated. Combined with the k-d nearest neighbor search algorithm, the principal curvature constraint of random sampling points is implemented to improve the quality of sample points selected by RANSAC and increase the detection speed. Secondly, the RANSAC method is combined with the total least squares method. The total least squares method is used to estimate the inner point set of spherical objects obtained by the RANSAC algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that the method outperforms the conventional RANSAC algorithm in terms of accuracy and detection speed in estimating sphere parameters.
Gain-Phase Error-Calibrated Piezoelectric Sensor Array-Based Impact Localization on Stiffened Curved Composite Structures
Authors: Wang Zhiling , Zhou Jinyu , Zhong Yongteng , Li Chaoyue
Published: August 2022

Stiffened structure-induced gain-phase errors degrade the performance of the high-resolution two-dimensional multiple signal classification (2D-MUSIC) algorithm, which makes it impossible to ensure the high accuracy of impact localization results. To eliminate the localization bias caused by these errors, a calibrated 2D-MUSIC-based impact localization method is first introduced. Firstly, time-frequency characteristics of the non-stationary impact signals are evaluated by experiment to obtain a clear first wave packet or a wave packet that purely corresponds to a single mode through continuous wavelet transform (CWT). Then, the uniform linear array covariance matrix with gain-phase errors is calibrated to be constructed as a Toeplitz structural matrix. By reconstructing covariance matrix R, 2D-MUSIC-based impact localization is calibrated for stiffened curved composite structures. Experimental research on the stiffened curved composite panel is carried out, and these impact localization results demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the calibrated 2D-MUSIC-based method.
Management Assessment and Future Projections of Construction and Demolition Waste Generation in Hai Phong City, Vietnam
Authors: Tong Kien Ton , Nguyen Ngoc Tan , Nguyen Giang Hoang , Ishigaki Tomonori , Kawamoto Ken
Published: August 2022

Along with economic development, urbanization will generate a large amount of solid waste and put pressure on the waste management systems in developing countries. Face-to-face interview methods were used to investigate the current status of construction and demolition waste (CDW) management (collection, transportation, treatment, and storage) as well as reveal attitudes of governmental agencies and enterprises towards CDW recycling and recycled material products in Hai Phong City, Vietnam. Waste generation rates (WGRs) of the works were also determined by site surveys and as-built drawings method of typical old buildings to be demolished and two licensed new construction works. WGRs of 34.5 kg/m2 and 758 kg/m2 were identified during the construction and demolition of small private houses, respectively, while WGRs at public house demolition sites were 1053 kg/m2. To effectively manage the CDW, the gross floor area of new construction work was estimated by a multiple regression equation with the population and gross region domestic product growth. Based on this model combining the investigation results, the amount of CDW increase in 5–30 years is also predicted. This data set will help management agencies plan storage yards as well as select the appropriate CDW treatment and recycling methods, contributing to building a sustainable and effective CDW management model for Hai Phong City as well as Vietnam in the future.
Mechanical Responses of Soil-Geosynthetic Composite (SGC) Mass under Failure Load
Authors: Gui Meen-Wah , Phan Truc T. T. , Pham Thang
Published: August 2022

There is an increasing awareness on the major benefits of using soil-geosynthetic composite (SGC) to achieve and maintain the stability of earth-filled embankment. Unlike the mechanically stabilized earth wall, the mechanism of the composite mass is still not fully understood. For examples, current analyses have been limited to an SGC mass with a reinforcement spacing Sv of 0.2 m only; the combined effect of reinforcement and backfill properties is rarely studied; the equation for the estimation of the load-carrying capacity of the SGC mass has only been validated for backfill with maximum particle size dmax between 10 mm and 33 mm and an Sv/dmax ratio between 6 and 20. The consequences of backfill compaction on an SGC mass with different reinforcement spacings are yet to be validated and whether the load-carrying capacity equation would still be applicable for materials with properties falling outside the above ranges. Through the simulation and validation of a field scale SGC mass, this study aims to assess the influence of various reinforcement and backfill parameters on the mechanical responses of a large-scale experimental SGC mass under its working load and failure conditions; the results are presented in terms of the wrapped face lateral displacement, reinforcement axial strain, and load-carrying capacity.
Revisiting Indigenous Wisdom of Javanese Pranata mangsa. Comment on Zaki et al. Adaptation to Extreme Hydrological Events by Javanese Society through Local Knowledge. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10373
Authors: Karjanto Natanael
Published: August 2022

This comment is on a paper by Zaki et al., who examined whether an effective agricultural system can be attained through the local wisdom of Pranata mangsa and its relationship to contemporary efforts in climate change adaptation, as positing Pranata mangsa as a strategy for recovery from natural disasters. In particular, the paper addresses the site-selection methodology of the four sample cities selected in their study of severe hydrological events by assessing the local and scientific knowledge. Pranata mangsa (the arrangement of seasons) is a local knowledge based on a calendrical system utilized historically by Javanese peasant farmers in conducting their agricultural activities. This indigenous wisdom is also employed by traditional fishermen to guide them not only in capturing fish and other aquatic animals but also in predicting the type of seafood they might gather. Although native Javanese people possess and maintain their own calendrical system based on a combination of solar and lunar calendars, Pranata mangsa is solely based on the former and is verbally passed on from one generation to the next. The literature has confirmed that, by combining this local wisdom and scientific data, the Javanese community has a better resilience in adapting to extreme hydrological events that occur as a consequence of global warming and climate change.
Learning-by-Doing Safety and Maintenance Practices: A Pilot Course
Authors: Mazzuto Giovanni , Antomarioni Sara , Marcucci Giulio , Ciarapica Filippo Emanuele , Bevilacqua Maurizio
Published: August 2022

This paper presents an educational approach for teaching Industry 4.0 concepts to maintenance and safety operators involved in industrial processes. A Learning-by-doing approach was introduced to assess the impact of learning by doing and knowledge sharing on designing maintenance and safety solutions based on Industry 4.0 concepts to build experience and improve decision-making skills. To this end, we proposed a pilot course to train industrial operators in the field of new technologies so that they could continue their work effectively. Specifically, the development of the course began with a needs assessment of the perspective participants, followed by an outline of the objectives and course structure. The course was adapted to the different educational and technical backgrounds of the participants (i.e., experienced operators who were digital immigrants and non-experienced operators who were digital natives). The results of the course were assessed through a survey, which allowed us to evaluate the operators’ perception of the learning approach and the contribution to improving the operators’ competencies and abilities. The results highlighted that the educational approach facilitated the teaching of maintenance and safety principles, promoting operators’ attention and participation. The difference in the learning level that we observed between the younger and older operators was also highlighted by the survey results. A dichotomy was revealed between the younger operators, who showed a greater understanding of the explained technologies, and the older operators, who required longer learning times. In this way, both types of participant could benefit from mutual collaboration and teamwork to improve their respective weaknesses.
Life Cycle Assessment of Dairy Products: A Case Study of a Dairy Factory in Brazil
Authors: Santos Lucas de Lima Casseres dos , Renato Natalia dos Santos , Florindo Thiago José , Rosa André Pereira , Borges Alisson Carraro
Published: August 2022

The production of dairy products generates several environmental impacts, and life cycle assessment (LCA) is a useful methodology to quantify and understand those impacts. In Brazil, some traditional dairy products have not yet been evaluated using the LCA methodology. Based on this gap, we conducted a cradle-to-gate LCA of six dairy products from a plant in Minas Gerais, Brazil. We also performed two sensitivity analyses. The first analysis was on how the environmental profiles of the products changed depending on how the multifunctional processes were allocated. The second analysis evaluated how these changes in environmental profiles occurred depending on the way that the impacts were allocated to products and by-products (whey and buttermilk) produced within the dairy factory. Among the dairy products studied, the impacts of mozzarella cheese and butter substantially surpassed those of other products; cheese spread and dulce de leche had a similar impact; and yoghurt and milk had the lowest values for the impact categories that were assessed. The inclusion of by-products in the analysis proved to be an effective way to reduce the environmental impacts attributed to the dairy products, especially for cheese and cheese spread, the impact values of which decreased by 56% and 46%, respectively. Additionally, the use of different strategies to deal with the multifunctional processes significantly affected the impact results of the dairy products. The subdivision of processes combined with causal allocation was the best alternative as opposed to the allocation by milk solids. These results could offer a better understanding of the environmental profiles of dairy products from Brazil, especially the traditional products, such as dulce de leche and cheese spread. Other contributions of this study include the proposal of alternatives that could improve the environmental profiles of products (such as the processing of by-products and the questioning of the use of allocation according to milk solids, which have been commonly used in other life cycle assessment studies) and the proposal of a better method for assessing the environmental impacts of dairy products.
Eco-Environmental Effects and Spatial Heterogeneity of “Production-Ecology-Living” Land Use Transformation: A Case Study for Ningxia, China
Authors: Xu Yaotao , Li Peng , Pan Jinjin , Zhang Yi , Dang Xiaohu , Cao Xiaoshu , Cui Junfang , Yang Zhi
Published: August 2022

Spatio-temporal changes to the eco-environmental quality index (EQI) and determination of their spatial differentiation characteristics are important bases for land management and ecological environment protection. This study evaluates the changes in EQI and its spatial distribution characteristics with reference to the three dominant functions of land use, namely “production-ecology-living” (PEL), based on the interpretation of land use remote sensing data in 2000, 2010 and 2018. The spatial diversity of ecological environment quality and its driving factors were quantitatively analyzed by gravity center transfer, cold and hot spot analysis, and the GeoDetector model. The results showed that: (1) The transformation of land in Ningxia from 2000 to 2018 mainly manifested by the increase in industrial and mining production land (IMPL), urban living land (ULL) and rural living land (RLL), and the decrease of grassland ecological land (GEL), especially in the north of Ningxia. (2) The ecological environment quality decreased slightly during the research period, but there was an improvement trend in the north. High environment quality values were concentrated in the Liupan Mountain area in the south of Ningxia, while the low values were mainly in the desert areas of Shapotou County and Zhongning County in the west. (3) The interaction between land use intensity and topographic factors led to spatial change in EQI in the research area. Effects of land use intensity are the dominant factor, reflecting the degree of impact of human activities on natural ecosystems. Our results suggest that topographic factors and human disturbances should be fully taken into account in future land and spatial development decisions to minimize human-ecological conflicts.
Perception of Risks from Wood Combustion and Traffic Induced Air Pollution: Evidence from Northern Europe
Authors: Orru Kati , Tiittanen Pekka , Ung-Lanki Sari , Orru Hans , Lanki Timo
Published: August 2022

The health effects of particulate matter, increasing emissions from transportation and requisites for making use of biofuels brings up the need to understand how individuals interpret air-pollution-related risks from wood burning and traffic. We aim to clarify the extent to which perceived risks from road-traffic and wood-smoke can be explained by the individual psychological, social status-related and socio-institutional factors in the case of two Northern European countries, Finland and Estonia. This approach elucidates which of the closely intertwined factors shape the perception of risks from air pollution in different socio-institutional contexts and for different air pollution sources. The study uses data from cross-sectional population surveys conducted among 1112 Finnish and 1000 Estonian residents about environmental health risk perception and coping. Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that in both countries’ cases, the perceived personal and general risk from traffic exhaust and wood-smoke can be explained by the perception of exposure to pollution and, also, by the level of knowledge of, the worry about and the possible symptoms from environmental health factors. The perceived vulnerability due to poor health further sensitises individuals towards risks from air pollution. Higher trust towards state institutions in guaranteeing a healthy living environment and greater perceived openness about the risks may attenuate the feelings of vulnerability to air pollution risks in Finland compared to Estonia. The ingrained appeal for wood burning may explain the higher acceptance of exhausts from wood-burning compared to traffic. This may lead to scant support for measures to reduce emissions from wood combustion.
How Determinants Affect Transfer Ridership between Metro and Bus Systems: A Multivariate Generalized Poisson Regression Analysis Method
Authors: Wu Pan , Li Jinlong , Pian Yuzhuang , Li Xiaochen , Huang Zilin , Xu Lunhui , Li Guilin , Li Ruonan
Published: August 2022

Understanding the determinants of transfer ridership is important for providing insights into improving the attractiveness of transit systems and building reliable and resilient metro stations. This study focuses on the transfer ridership between bus and metro systems under different dates and severe weather conditions to quantify the impacts of various attributes on the transfer ridership of different transfer modes (metro-to-bus and bus-to-metro). A multivariate generalized Poisson regression (GPR) model is applied to investigate the effects of critical factors on the transfer ridership of different transfer modes on weekdays, holidays, and typhoon days, respectively. The results indicate that the transfer-related variables, real-time weather, socioeconomic characteristics, and built environment significantly affect the transfer ridership. Concretely, the influence of socioeconomic and demographic factors on transfer ridership is the most significant on different types of dates, which is approximately 1.19 to 9.28 times that of the other variables. Weather variables have little effect on transfer ridership on weekdays, but they have a more significant impact on the transfer ridership on holidays and typhoon days. Specifically, during typhoons, transfer ridership is more affected by the weather factors: the coefficients are about 2.36 to 4.74 times higher than that in the other periods. Moreover, under strong wind speed, heavy rain, and high-temperature conditions, transfer ridership of the metro-to-bus mode significantly increases. In contrast, transfer ridership of the bus-to-metro mode rapidly decreases. Additionally, the peak hours have a strong positive influence on the transfer ridership, and the average hourly transfer ridership during peak hours is 1.16 to 4.02 times higher than that during the other periods. These findings indicate that the effect of each factor on transfer ridership varies with dates and transfer modes. This can also provide support for improving metro stations and increasing the attractiveness of public transport.
El social media marketing y sus beneficios en las MIPYMES
Authors: Oliveros Coello José Pablo
Published: August 2022

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar la influencia del uso de las herramientas de Social Media (SM) en las Micro, Pequeñas y Medianas empresas (MIPYMES) del estado de Tabasco, con la finalidad de proponer un modelo que favorezca la comercialización. Las redes sociales como parte del Marketing Digital (MD) y en particular del SM, se han convertido en una herramienta de marketing muy importante para la gran mayoría de las empresas. El internet, el desarrollo tecnológico y los medios sociales, han provocado una revolución en los mercados del mundo, de tal modo que las empresas tienen el imperativo de adoptarlos. Al respecto, surge la siguiente interrogante: ¿Cuál es la influencia del uso del SM en los beneficios de rendimientos en las MIPYMES del estado de Tabasco? Esta investigación es no experimental, transversal con enfoque cuantitativo, propone un alcance confirmatorio-explicativo, y utiliza los Sistemas de Ecuaciones Estructurales (SEM) como método estadístico para probar sus hipótesis. El modelo para esta investigación es estructural causal formativo. La población de estudio son las MIPYMES del estado de Tabasco, el tipo de muestreo es no probabilístico de tipo intencional, la muestra constó de 310 sujetos y se utilizó una encuesta de 19 ítems. Los resultados revelaron que, por cada unidad de tiempo de uso de las herramientas de SM se adquiere 0.448 de beneficios de rendimiento. En conclusión, el uso del SM influye de manera significativa y positiva, en los beneficios de rendimiento de las MIPYMES.
The accuracy and feasibility of respiratory rate measurements in acutely ill adult patients by GPs: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Loots Feike J , Dekker Irma , Wang Ruo Chen , van Zanten Arthur RH , Hopstaken Rogier M , Verheij Theo JM , Giesen Paul , Smits Marleen
Published: August 2022

Background

Tachypnoea in acutely ill patients can be an early sign of a life-threatening condition such as sepsis. Routine measurement of the respiratory rate by GPs might improve the recognition of sepsis.

Aim

To assess the accuracy and feasibility of respiratory rate measurements by GPs.

Design & setting

Observational cross-sectional mixed-methods study in the setting of out-of-hours (OOH) home visits at three GP cooperatives in The Netherlands.

Method

GPs were observed during the assessment of acutely ill patients, and semi-structured interviews were performed. The GP-assessed respiratory rate was compared with a reference measurement. In the event that the respiratory rate was not counted, GPs were asked to estimate the rate (dichotomised as ≥22 breaths per minute or <22 breaths per minute).

Results

Observations of 130 acutely ill patients were included, and 14 GPs were interviewed. In 33 patients (25%), the GP counted the respiratory rate. A mean difference of 0.27 breaths per minute (95% confidence interval [CI] = -5.7 to 6.3) with the reference measurement was found. At a cut-off point of ≥22 breaths per minute, a sensitivity of 86% (95% CI = 57% to 98%) was found when the GP counted the rate, and a sensitivity of 43% (95% CI = 22% to 66%) when GPs estimated respiratory rates. GPs reported both medical and practical reasons for not routinely measuring the respiratory rate.

Conclusion

GPs are aware of the importance of assessing the respiratory rate of acutely ill adult patients, and counted measurements are accurate. However, in most patients the respiratory rate was not counted, and the rate was often underestimated when estimated.
A literatura na formação básica e crítico-cultural do educando
Authors: Caliri Elen Maria de Castro , Costa Arlindo
Published: August 2022

Este artigo, consequência da dissertação de Mestrado, objetivou abordar a importância da leitura, literatura e do letramento literário na ótica de três professores de uma escola pública e, a percepção desses temas sob o prisma de quinze alunos do ensino fundamental dois e quinze do ensino médio. A importância da literatura na escola contribui para a formação de alunos críticos e bons leitores, que através da leitura têm um potencial de transformação, através do desenvolvimento de códigos sociolinguísticos para atuarem na sociedade. A intenção de entrevistar os professores faz sentido, com a finalidade de avaliar como vem ocorrendo a prática da leitura na referida escola, cuja pesquisa é qualitativa e trata-se de um estudo de caso. Quanto aos alunos, foi possível traçar um perfil dos mesmos em relação a forma como avaliam o ensino de Língua Portuguesa e, por extensão o hábito de leitura norteado pela literatura local (amazonense) e outras fontes literárias. Foi possível constatar que os professores desempenham um papel de suma importância na respectiva disciplina e, estão cientes de que novas tecnologias contribuem para o acervo literário dos alunos. Através da fundamentação teórica, evidenciou-se o quanto é importante trabalhar com a literatura em sala de aula, promovendo debates, abordando temas críticos para que os alunos assumam novas posturas frente as contradições que vão além da escola. Ressaltou-se também o papel da biblioteca escolar como lócus de visitação dos alunos para empréstimos de livros e, dos professores ao trabalharem métodos de estudos a partir do letramento literário para o desenvolvimento da linguagem oral e escrita. Conclui-se que é necessário a valorização da literatura como uma peça importante no ensino de Língua Portuguesa para o desenvolvimento de competências dos alunos conforme preconiza a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BRASIL, 2017).
A era dos algoritmos e as implicações em novas rotas educacionais
Authors: Castro Michele Marta Moraes
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho apresenta um recorte de uma pesquisa de mestrado e tem como objetivo apresentar os aplicativos utilizados na educação, durante a pandemia COVID-19, articulando essas práticas à era dos algoritmos.  A investigação buscou compreender as ações que impactam diretamente as escolas públicas municipais, de educação básica, na oferta do ensino mediado pelas TIC, fundamentada no arcabouço dos seguintes teóricos: Alonso, Morozov, Srnicek e Zuboff. Como metodologia, adotamos a natureza exploratória e abordagem qualitativa, através de revisão bibliográfica, observação participante, questionários e entrevistas. Duas escolas municipais, de educação básica, situadas na cidade de Cuiabá-MT consistiram no lócus da pesquisa. Os resultados indicaram diversos usos de aplicativos corporativos, de propriedade privada, muitos do grupo GAFAM (Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple e Microsoft), que extraem os dados da comunidade escolar, para fins comerciais, e que estes usos se deram sem muitos entendimentos sobre a era dos algoritmos, por causa da urgência em que o momento exigia, e porque foram adotados como uma maneira para a educação não parar. Este debate estimula a busca por novas rotas para que a educação não seja tratada como uma mercadoria.
Estudo das alternativas energéticas baseadas em fontes de geração renováveis para a eletrificação dos sistemas isolados da Amazônia
Authors: Nunes Eduardo Elias , Neto Aldir Ferreira dos Santos , Gonçalo Thiago Araújo , Torné Israel Gondres , Gomes Raimundo Cláudio Souza
Published: August 2022

O setor elétrico da Amazônia necessita de diversificação das fontes de suprimento de combustíveis fósseis, assim como fomenta o uso de fontes renováveis de energia, portanto o projeto realizou um estudo crítico das fontes de geração de energia e sua utilização para garantir o fornecimento de eletricidade de maneira ambientalmente sustentável para a eletrificação dos sistemas isolados na Amazônia. A partir disso foi realizado um estudo da arte sobre as principais fontes de energias renováveis utilizadas do Brasil e na Amazônia, caracterizando os custos atuais de geração de eletricidade nessas comunidades isoladas, com isso ficou evidente que para esses sistemas as fontes de geração de energia renováveis mais viáveis de acordo com a análise de custos realizada neste trabalho são a solar e a biomassa.
Room-Temperature Superconductivity in Yb/Lu Substituted Clathrate Hexahydrides under Moderate Pressure
Authors: Du Mingyang , Song Hao , Zhang Zihan , Duan Defang , Cui Tian
Published: August 2022

Room temperature superconductivity is a dream that mankind has been chasing for a century. In recent years, the synthesis of H
3
S, LaH
10
, and C-S-H compounds under high pressures has gradually made that dream become a reality. But the extreme high pressure required for stabilization of hydrogen-based superconductors limit their applications. So, the next challenge is to achieve room-temperature superconductivity at significantly low pressures, even ambient pressure. In this work, we design a series of high temperature superconductors that can be stable at moderate pressures by incorporating heavy rare earth elements Yb/Lu into sodalite-like clathrate hexahydrides. In particular, the critical temperatures (

T

c

) of Y
3
LuH
24
, YLuH
12
, and YLu
3
H
24
can reach 283 K at 120 GPa, 275 K at 140 GPa, and 288 K at 110 GPa, respectively. Their critical temperatures are close to or have reached room temperature, and minimum stable pressures are significantly lower than that of reported room temperature superconductors. Our work provides an effective method for the rational design of low-pressure stabilized hydrogen-based superconductors with room-temperature superconductivity simultaneously and will stimulate further experimental exploration.
TOLERANCIA A DESECACIÓN Y DETERIORO FISIOLÓGICO EN SEMILLAS DE CALABAZA (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Lam.)
Authors: Ramos-Aguilar Carlos , Molina-Moreno Juan Celestino , García-de los Santos Gabino
Published: August 2022

Para evaluar la tolerancia a la desecación, calidad fisiológica y oportunidad de cosecha de la semilla de calabaza (Cucurbita moschata), se estableció un lote de producción de semillas en el Campo Experimental de la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Edo. de México, en el ciclo Primavera-Verano 1999. Se cosecharon frutos a 40, 70 y 100 días después de antesis (dda), y sus semillas se extrajeron inmediatamente después de 60 días de almacenamiento. Luego, las semillas se secaron al aire libre o mediante aire caliente, y después se almacenaron por 0 y 60 días. Los tratamientos se evaluaron mediante las pruebas de germinación estándar y de velocidad de emergencia, en un diseño factorial completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones de 25 semillas, en ambas pruebas. Los frutos cosechados 40 dda presentaron los niveles más bajos de germinación e índices de velocidad de emergencia, con decrementos de 38.8 y 71.2 %, respecto a las semillas de frutos cosechados a 100 dda. El almacenamiento de postmaduración de los frutos mejoró considerablemente la calidad fisiológica de las semillas jóvenes, ya que las semillas de los frutos cosechados a 40 dda incrementaron en 51 y 61 % su emergencia y germinación, respectivamente; las semillas de frutos cosechados a 70 dda incrementaron en 69 y 83 % en las mismas variables.
DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA EN Lotus corniculatus DETERMINADA POR CARACTERES MORFOLÓGICOS Y RAPDs
Authors: García-de los Santos Gabino , J.-Steiner Jeffrey
Published: August 2022

El trébol “pata de pájaro” (Lotus corniculatus L.) es una leguminosa perenne con amplia distribución en las regiones templadas de Europa, Asia Menor, Norte de África y Norte de Sudamérica, y forma parte de las más de 100 especies que componen el complejo género Lotus. Su calidad nutritiva es comparable a la de la alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) y el trébol blanco (Trifolium repens L.), y su consumo en fresco no produce timpanismo en el ganado; además es resistente a sequía y a salinidad. El conocimiento de los patrones de variación existentes en esta especie es importante para un mejor aprovechamiento de las colecciones en los bancos de germoplasma. En esta investigación se hizo la caracterización y comparación por morfología y por análisis de polimorfismos aleatorios amplificados de ADN (RAPDs) de 28 colectas de Lotus corniculatus L., y la determinación de las relaciones filogenéticas entre las clasificaciones morfológicas, ecológicas, por RAPDs, y por distancias geográficas de los sitios de colecta. Los genotipos se clasificaron en cinco grupos formados por 18 caracteres morfológicos y en cuatro grupos obtenidos con 130 bandas polimórficas RAPDs. La similitud morfológica entre los genotipos se relacionó con las distancias geográficas de los sitios de colecta, y con las características ecológicas de los sitios de origen de las colectas. La similitud entre las clasificaciones genéticas y ecológicas sugiere que los genotipos adaptados a hábitats similares, aunque geográficamente distantes, han adquirido fenotipos similares. Por ello se recomienda que las clasificaciones de L. corniculatus se hagan con base en características ecogeográficas y morfológicas.
An Interactive Method for Calculating the Maximum Efficiency (Organic Yield) in the Processing of the Tailing Dumps in Jiu Valley
Authors: MARIȚA Mihaela Olga , CIOCAN Viorica , BRÎNAȘ Ildiko
Published: August 2022

The interactive method presented in the paper, allows the calculation of maximum efficiency indicators (organic yields) of the processing and operational control of the actual processing process. It also allows the correlation of the technological parameters with the economic ones in order to properly capitalize on the products obtained by processing a material (raw coal or sterile resulted from coal preparation) containing solid fuel fractions. Using the interactive system, one can pre-determine the optimal mixture of material to be processed and have different characteristics. The interactive method consists of three C programs that allow: the selection of the mixture of solid material to be processed, by tracing the abacuses and determining the theoretical weight extractions, depending on the desired quality of the concentrates; calculation of the organic processing yields; estimating the processing results, using the Fournol method, taking into account the performance of the processing equipment used and the density of separation between the products.
Equilibrium Study Regarding Crystal Violet Dye Adsorption on Raspberry Leaves Powder
Authors: MOSOARCA Giannin , VANCEA Cosmin , POPA Simona , BORAN Sorina , RADULESCU‑GRAD Maria Elena
Published: August 2022

This work focuses on the crystal violet removal from aqueous solution using raspberry leaves powder as adsorbent materials. SEM and colour analyses were used to characterize the adsorbent surface. The influence of pH, adsorbent dose and initial dye concentration was studied. Equilibrium modeling was performed to characterize the adsorption process and to determine the maximum adsorption capacity. Sips isotherm characterizes the adsorption and the maximum adsorption capacity, 264.5 (mg/g) was better compared with other similar adsorbents. The obtained results indicate that adsorbent material, obtained from raspberry leaves, is very suitable to be used for crystal violet removal from aqueous solutions.
The Effectiveness of Prenatal Yoga on Back Pain in Third Trimester Pregnant Women at the Depok Clinic in 2022
Authors: Franisia Chitra Ayuni , Febry Mutiariami Dahlan  , Cholisah Suralaga
Published: August 2022

Pregnancy is a process that begins with the stage of conception until the birth of the fetus with a normal duration of 40 weeks or 280 days starting from the first day of the last menstruation. With increasing gestational age there are physical changes in the mother so that it can often cause complaints during pregnancy, one of which is back pain. It was found that low back pain in various regions of Indonesia reached 60-80% the incidence of back pain in pregnant women was still high. One of the efforts that can be done to overcome back pain during pregnancy is by doing prenatal yoga. To determine the effectiveness of prenatal yoga on back pain in third trimester pregnant women at the Depok Clinic in 2022. This type of research was a quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest with control group design. The study was conducted at the Depok Clinic in 2022. The population in this study was 50 pregnant women TM III, the number of samples was 30 people. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The data used is primary data. Data in univariate and bivariate analysis with Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney test. The data was processed using a computer with the SPSS program. The results of the univariate study showed that the average level of back pain in the control group at the first examination in third trimester pregnant women was 4.40 ± SD 0.828 and the second examination was 4.07 ± SD 0.799. The mean level of back pain in the intervention group before the intervention was 4.60 ± SD 0.828 and after the intervention was 2.07 ± SD 0.799.
Is the Game Worth the Candle? Examining the Effectiveness of Initial Teacher Education in Indonesia
Authors: Yusrina Asri , Alifia Ulfah , Revina Shintia , Putri Pramana Rezanti , Bima Luhur
Published: August 2022

An impactful teacher education programme equips teachers with knowledge and skills to improve their effectiveness. Empirical findings on the effectiveness of teacher preparation programmes show that the accountability of institutions and teachers should not only be based on the knowledge or skills produced but also on student learning. Our study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a pre-service teacher education programme in Indonesia, known as Pendidikan Profesi Guru Prajabatan or PPG. PPG is a one-year full-time programme in addition to four years of undergraduate teacher education (Bachelor of Education). PPG graduate teachers pass a selection process and receive a teaching certificate upon completion of the programme. We use mixed methods to understand the differences in the outcome of PPG graduates majoring in primary school teacher education to their counterparts who did not attend PPG. To estimate the impact of PPG, we exploit the combination of rules and events in the selection process which allows us to estimate the impact of PPG on teacher performance using fuzzy regression discontinuity design (RDD). Once we attest to the validity of the fuzzy RDD, we find that PPG has no impact on a teacher’s professional knowledge and student outcomes in numeracy and literacy. We argue that this is due to the ineffective selection mechanism in distinguishing the PPG and the comparison group. We conclude that as an initial teacher training programme, PPG did not improve teacher effectiveness. Despite incorporating best practices from effective teacher training into the programme design, PPG does not appear capable of producing a higher-quality teacher.
Low-Fee Private-Tuition Providers in Developing Countries: An Under-Appreciated and Under- Studied Market—Supply-Side Dynamics in Pakistan
Authors: Bano Masooda
Published: August 2022

Although low-income parents’ dependence on low-fee private schools has been actively documented in the past decade, existing research and policy discussions have failed to recognise their heavy reliance on low-fee tuition providers in order to ensure that their children complete the primary cycle. By mapping a vibrant supply of low-fee tuition providers in two neighbourhoods in the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad in Pakistan, this paper argues for understanding the supply-side dynamics of this segment of the education market with the aim of designing better-informed policies, making better use of public spending on supporting private-sector players to reach the poor. Contrary to what is assumed in studies of the private tuition market, the low-fee tuition providers offering services in the Pakistani urban neighbourhoods are not teachers in government schools trying to make extra money by offering afternoon tutorial to children from their schools. Working from their homes, the tutors featured in this paper are mostly women who often have no formal teacher training but are imaginative in their use of a diverse set of teaching techniques to ensure that children from low-income households who cannot get support for education at home cope with their daily homework assignments and pass the annual exams to transition to the next grade. These tutors were motivated to offer tuition by a combination of factors ranging from the need to earn a living, a desire to stay productively engaged, and for some a commitment to help poor children. Arguing that parents expect them to take full responsibility for their children’s educational attainment, these providers view the poor quality of education in schools, the weak maternal involvement in children’s education, and changing cultural norms, whereby children no longer respect authority, as being key to explaining the prevailing low educational levels. The paper presents evidence that the private tuition providers, who may be viewed as education entrepreneurs, have the potential to be used by the state and development agencies to provide better quality education to children from low-income families.
TEACHERS' UNDERSTANDING OF THE HEUTAGOGIC APPROACH TO TEACHING AND LEARNING: A SECONDARY SCHOOL CASE STUDY TEACHERS OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION
Authors: Mustafa Kamal Noor Muslieah , Hussin Zaharah , Sulaiman Abdul Muhsien
Published: August 2022

The world of education is inextricably linked to the development of human resources in order to generate intellectual resources in tandem with global economic growth. Teachers' teaching quality must be improved so that students can benefit from more meaningful learning. In this regard, self-learning, such as heutagogy, should be highlighted in teachers' teaching as one of the efforts to empower students' ability to face the educational era of the twenty-first century. The requirements of PdPR in the endemic situation of Covid 19 also necessitate the use of a heutagogic approach in schools in order to increase student autonomy in learning. As a result, this study was carried out to investigate secondary school Islamic Education teachers' attitudes toward the heutagogic approach as self-learning in the teaching of Islamic Education. The implementation of the heutagogic approach will improve the teaching and learning process, allowing the main goal of student development to be met to the greatest extent possible. This is a case study with a qualitative approach that includes semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Data from interviews were transcribed, thematically analysed, and triangulated through document inspection. The study's findings on teachers' understanding of the heutagogic approach are organised into five themes: self-reliance, student focus, teachers as guides, technology use, and religious demands.
Agents of Grace
Authors: Mian Ali Altaf
Published: August 2022

This article contributes to theorizations of ethical agency in the anthropology of Islam by turning to the medieval moral theologian Abū āmid al-Ghazālī (1058-1111). Building on Talal Asad’s engagement with Ghazālī, this article closely reads the latter’s writing on intentionality, which amply illuminates his theory of ethical agency. Ghazālī neither elaborates an idealist theory of ethical agency nor  posits an ethical subject whose practices are “directed at making certain kinds of behaviors unconscious or nondeliberative” (Saba  Mahmood, Politics of Piety, 139). Rather, he articulates ethical agency as a site of contingency and ambivalence, as action involves not  only knowledge, resolution/will, and bodily capacity but also divine grace. Grace, this article argues, is a cipher for the non-sovereignty  of the ethical subject, since for Ghazālī agency is split between the subject’s discursive and material capacities (knowledge, resolution, and bodily strength) and a certain metamorphic spontaneity/enablement that is experienced as a gift of the Other (grace). By turning  to Ghazālī, then, this article encourages serious engagement with the concept of grace for understanding ethical agency in the anthropology of Islam. 
“[The pious ancestors] knew that intention is not what a person pronounces with his tongue when he utters, ‘I intend.’ Rather, it is the  springing forth in the heart of the flowing stream of openings from God, [a springing forth] that sometimes happens easily and sometimes with difficulty.” —Ḥujjat-ul-Islām Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī
Developing an Ethic of Justice
Authors: Kiliyamannil Thahir Jamal
Published: August 2022

New Muslim movements in South India, such as the Solidarity Youth movement, re-formulated Muslim priorities towards human rights, democracy, development, environmental activism, and minorities. I read Solidarity Youth Movement as proposing an ethic of  Islam’s conception of justice, while also drawing inspiration from the influential Islamist Abul A’la Maududi. Focusing on  jurisprudential debates, I look at the ways in which Maududi’s intervention informs the praxis of Solidarity Youth Movement. This  paper seeks the possibility of examining their activism as an instance of juristic deliberation, linked to the revival of maqāṣid al-sharī’ah in the latter part of the twentieth century. I suggest a reading of their maqāṣid approach, born out of praxis in a Muslim minority  context, as potentially informing the development of fiqh al-aqalliyah.
The Contributions and Impact of Malik Badri
Authors: Rothman Abdallah , Ahmed Alisha , Awaad Rania
Published: August 2022

We live in a time where ideas and principles are questioned, dissected, and contested at a dizzying rate. It can be difficult to decipher reason and proof from conjecture and avowal. Disjointed ideas and information are widely available without a necessary chain of transmission or reliable connection to sources of knowledge. In this confusing contemporary context, almost anyone can become a  leader in thought, guiding naïve followers down unknown paths with unclear destinations. Yet, true thought leadership is that which is connected to the past and charts a clear, well-lit path forward toward an illumined future. Throughout time, there has been a legacy of truly brilliant thinkers whose genius is in communicating timeless wisdom in a powerful manner that speaks to the zeitgeist of their time. This ability allows them to make a significant impact on the hearts and minds of the people. The world lost one of these giants in thought leadership this past year.Professor Malik Babiker Badri was a man who not only innovated and developed novel ideas within his own area of expertise, but whose ideas had ripple effects well beyond the boundaries of his field of knowledge. Known to the academic and professional world as the “father of modern Islamic Psychology,” he also played a part in shaping massive cultural transformations that changed the world.  These include the Black American experience, the epidemic of alcoholism, and the global AIDS crisis. Professor Badri brought to the world a cultural and spiritual revolution in the way many view their relationships to themselves, their societies, and their spirituality. Although several of his works have become seminal reads in the field of Islamic Psychology, and Islamic thought more generally, much of his great work remains unrecognized—perhaps because of his humility and lack of self-promotion. The time has come for the recognition of the significance of this man’s contributions which position him among the great thinkers of human history. This article charts the chronological and thematic development of Badri’s contributions over the course of his life and paints a picture of the significance of his work and its impact on the world.