bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Better Local Governance by Integrative Reorganization of State Administration and Self- Government (in Slovenia)
Authors: Kovač Polonca
Published: March 2015

Rationalization and democratization of public governance and administrative organization are processes affecting all countries. The article critically evaluates the reorganization of local administration in Slovenia, aimed at increasing its effectiveness through integrative approaches at the state and local-self-government levels. Local self-government in Slovenia comprises 212 municipalities combined into 58 local state (general territorial) administrative units. Such organization is rather fragmented and weak despite several reorganization attempts since the mid-2000s. The recently planned reform for 2014 - 2015 tries to overcome the drawbacks typical of Slovenia, such as the two-tier public administration established in 1995 and the resulting economic local non-efficiency. The analysis of the Slovenian institutional landscape in local public administration can serve as a lesson since the strategic reorganization of political and administrative societal elements should - in addition to the search for local democracy - encompass administrative integration toward citizens, businesses and civil society to eventually achieve good local governance.
Pregnancy Outcome in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Bajracharya Anu , Saha Rachana , Shakya Archana
Published: March 2015

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder defined as glucose intolerance with the onset or fi rst recognition during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with higher incidence of maternal diabetes mellitus later in life. It poses a risk to the pregnant woman and to the fetus. Hence, it is imperative for an early detection and management of the disease to ensure better maternal and foetal outcomes. Objective: To assess the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and to analyze the maternal and perinatal outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus patients who delivered in the hospital during the study period. Methods: A hospital based descriptive observational study was conducted at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital for a period of one year from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2013. All the cases of gestational diabetes mellitus were included in the study. Patients were followed from the time of admission to the time of discharge after delivery. Pertinent information obtained were demography, gestational age at diagnosis and delivery, pregnancy complications, intervention and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Results: Out of 2845 deliveries, 45 patients were diagnosed as gestational diabetes mellitus and admitted during the period of study. The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus was 1.58% in this hospital. The most common maternal and neonatal complications were gestational hypertension (20%), hypoglycemia (8.89%) and macrosomia (8.89%) respectively. Conclusion: This study is important in providing information about the maternal and neonatal outcomes of gestational diabetes. By proper monitoring and good glycaemic control during the antenatal period, the adverse maternal and neonatal complications of gestational diabetes mellitus can also be reduced.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v3i3.12246Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 3, No. 3, Issue 9, Jul.-Sep., 2014, Page: 107-112
Roux-En-Y Hepaticojejunostomy: An Evaluation Of Its Indications and Results in Benign and Malignant Biliary Tree Disease
Authors: Tamang Tseten Yonjen , Maharjan Dhiresh Kumar , Thapa Prabin Bikram
Published: March 2015

Background: Roux-en-Y Hepaticojejunostomy (RYHJ) is the most common form of reconstruction of the biliary pathway. It is a time honoured, durable, less resource intensive and a definitive procedure. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the indications of Hepaticojejunostomy and to assess the outcome of surgery following change in surgical technique of Hepaticojejunostomy. Methods: All patients who underwent RYHJ from Magh 2067 (January 2011) till Ashad 2071 (July 2014) in a single surgical unit at the Department of Surgery, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital were included. Demographics of the patient, indications for surgery, type of surgery, hospital stay and duration of drain placement were evaluated. Since, this is a prospective descriptive study, only mean value was calculated for age, hospital stay and duration of drain placement using SPSS Statistics 17.0 for statistical analysis. Results: Twenty patients underwent RYHJ during the study period. Fifteen percent (n=3) were done for malignant diseases. The most common indication was choledocholithiasis (n=8, 40%) followed by choledochal cyst (n=3, 15%) and bile duct injury (n=3, 15%). The morbidity was minimal. The mean duration of drain in situ was four days (range one to 14 days) and the mean hospital stay was six days (range two to 15 days). Prolonged drain placement and hospital stay was noted in two patients with malignant diseases. However, they were non bilious in nature. We encountered no mortality. Conclusion: Roux-en-Y Hepaticojejunostomy (RYHJ) is a common and safe method of biliary reconstruction. The indication of the procedure is varied and wide.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v3i3.12247Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 3, No. 3, Issue 9, Jul.-Sep., 2014, page
Postoperative Phrenic Nerve Palsy, A Cause Of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation In Trans-Sternal Thymectomy
Authors: Sharma Mona
Published: March 2015

Post trans-sternal thymectomy, the patient may develop respiratory failure, usually due to myasthenic crisis or cholinergic crisis. These crises may prolong mechanical ventilation and impede on-table extubation. We report a case of respiratory failure due to unilateral phrenic nerve palsy in a case of myasthenia gravis. A 35 year old female, known case of myasthenia gravis was posted for trans-sternal thymectomy. Anaesthesia was induced with Propofol, Fentanyl and low dose of Atracurium. Thymoma was incasing right subclavian vein and was adherent with the pericardium, Masaoka Grade III. Blood loss was approximately 200ml. Immediate post operative period showed low tidal volume, tachypnea and tachycardia in spite of train of four ratio >0.9. Patient was kept intubated with suspicion of myasthenic crisis and the dose of Pyridostigmine was increased, but this lead to increased cholinergic symptoms. Pain was addressed with thoracic epidural analgesia. Chest radiograph done later in the evening showed elevated right hemi diaphragm, thereby, confirming the diagnosis of phrenic nerve palsy.   Difficult dissection in this case has resulted in right phrenic nerve palsy. Phrenic nerve palsy has to be considered as a cause of respiratory failure post sternotomy thymectomy, especially in case of Masaoka grade III and IV.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v3i3.12249Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 3, No. 3, Issue 9, Jul.-Sep., 2014, Page: 122-125
Development of Low-Cost Methodology for Evaluating Pedestrian Safety in Support of Complete Streets Policy Implementation
Authors: Tolford Tara , Renne John , Fields Billy
Published: March 2015

This study provides a framework for a comprehensive, low-cost pedestrian safety analysis incorporating multiple data sources and analysis techniques. Critically, the framework is flexible enough to provide meaningful results and inform recommended safety interventions even if there are gaps in data availability or completeness. The methodology includes an evaluation of available crash records, an audit of current pedestrian facilities, collection of pedestrian count data, and an assessment of relevant contextual factors. Together, these elements provide a holistic view of pedestrian safety and comfort, informing needed interventions. This methodology was used to evaluate three pedestrian crash clusters in the New Orleans, Louisiana, area and revealed serious deficiencies in the pedestrian environment. The methodology uncovered critical systemic data gaps that needed to be addressed to draw clearer relationships between infrastructure and crash patterns. The methodology was also found to be an effective tool for comparing and prioritizing proposed investments and a means to demonstrate clearly to policy makers the need for continued attention to the improvement of pedestrian safety in the context of Complete Streets policy implementation.
Assessing the Safety Benefit of Advanced Vehicular Technology for Protecting Pedestrians
Authors: Choi Saerona , Oh Cheol , Yun Yong-Won , Park Gyung-Jin
Published: March 2015

Pedestrian safety is of keen interest because the vulnerability of pedestrians leads to severe injuries in pedestrian–vehicle crashes. Various countermeasures for protecting pedestrians have been developed in the field of traffic and vehicular safety engineering. The pedestrian protection airbag system (PPAS) is one of the recently developed vehicular technologies for pedestrian protection. PPAS is a promising, passive safety technology for reducing the severity of pedestrian injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety benefits of PPAS. A probabilistic pedestrian fatality model and a set of linear regression models were employed to estimate the effectiveness of PPAS in reducing the severity of pedestrian injury. Head injury criteria data, which represented the level of severity of pedestrian head injury, were obtained from indoor experimental collisions. The number of pedestrian fatalities was estimated for two cases on the basis of the pedestrian fatality model: one with PPAS and one without PPAS. In addition, market penetration rates (MPRs) were applied in analyzing the safety benefits in various scenarios. Approximately 30.30% to 68.94% of pedestrian fatalities would be saved with 100% MPR of PPAS. The outcomes of this study could be used to enhance the functionality of PPAS for reducing fatalities and establishing relevant traffic safety policies.
Impact of Intersection Design on Pedestrians’ Choice to Cross on Red
Authors: Duduta Nicolae , Zhang Qianqian , Kroneberger Matthew
Published: March 2015

The existing research and modeling applications for predicting pedestrians’ decision to cross on red at signalized intersections have most commonly modeled this decision as a function of pedestrian characteristics (such as age and mobility restrictions), traffic conditions, and signal delay. For this study, field observations suggested that the physical configuration of the crosswalk should also be an important predictor of the decision to cross on red, because pedestrians should be less likely to cross on red at major intersections with longer crosswalks. In addition, the overall configuration and complexity of the signal also have an impact on signal compliance. The study tested these hypotheses by collecting video data of pedestrian behavior at signalized intersections in Washington, D.C., and by building a binary logit model to predict the probability of crossing on red. The study found that certain signal phases, such as protected left turns, were strongly correlated with a higher probability of crossing on red. The study also found that the length of crosswalks was inversely correlated with the probability of crossing on red. Through tests of the model's predictive accuracy under various specifications, the design variables (e.g., geometry and types of signal phases) were found to be key in improving the model's predictive ability. The findings offer insights for the design of signalized intersections and shed light on the complexity of the relationship between crossing on red and pedestrian safety, because some characteristics that are associated with a lower incidence of pedestrian crashes are also associated with more crossing on red.
Perception-Based Walkability Index to Test Impact of Microlevel Walkability on Sustainable Mode Choice Decisions
Authors: Park Sungjin , Deakin Elizabeth , Lee Jae Seung
Published: March 2015

This pilot study had two major research goals. The first goal was to develop a perception-based composite walkability index, with which researchers could evaluate the microlevel quality of the walking environment in an objective and systematic way. The second goal was to test the impact of microlevel walkability on mode choices, including walking as a travel option. For the development of a perception-based composite walkability index, a case study was conducted in the station area near the downtown of Mountain View, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. Three surveys were conducted: a walker perception survey, a station user survey, and a street survey measuring microlevel walkability. A series of regression models was performed with the perception scores from surveyed transit users on the basis of their access trips to the station and with the objective microlevel walkability measured from their routes. The final outcome was a new formula for a composite walkability index. On the basis of the results of the station user survey, a pair of mode choice models was estimated to find the probability of transit users choosing walking over automobiles for their access trips to the station. The study introduced the new walkability index as a new walkability variable, which successfully entered the extended model and showed that it could improve the model in a statistically significant way.
Far-Side Audible Beaconing of Accessible Pedestrian Signals
Authors: Scott Alan C. , Bentzen Billie Louise , Barlow Janet M. , Guth David , Graham Jennifer
Published: March 2015

Research has demonstrated that accessible pedestrian signals (APS) with push button–integrated speakers increase push-button use and increase the likelihood of starting to cross during the walk interval by pedestrians who are blind. However, consistently positive effects on locating the crosswalk or establishing or maintaining an accurate heading for crossing have not been found. Attempts have recently been made to configure APS to provide better audible information for these wayfinding tasks. A configuration that has been shown to improve heading accuracy provides audible tones from a speaker at the destination corner before the walk interval (to assist with establishing heading) and during the flashing “Don't Walk” interval (to assist with maintaining heading). Major concerns are that beaconing information may be ambiguous or misleading and result in dangerous crossing behavior at intersections where buildings create echoes of audible signal information and where beacons for multiple crosswalks might be active simultaneously. This study evaluated the effects of a beaconing APS system on pedestrian crossing behavior at an acoustically complex intersection and with multiple beacons sometimes concurrently active. Eighteen participants who were totally blind attempted a total of 216 crossings under three conditions. The results revealed no evidence that participants were distracted or were misled by concurrent beaconing information coming from a corner other than the target destination. Moreover, despite an acoustically complex environment, the beacon led to improved wayfinding Performance in some conditions and showed no evidence of having any deleterious effects.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Rainfall in the Gandaki River Basin of Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Panthi Jeeban , Dahal Piyush , Shrestha Madan , Aryal Suman , Krakauer Nir , Pradhanang Soni , Lakhankar Tarendra , Jha Ajay , Sharma Mohan , Karki Ramchandra
Published: March 2015

Landslides, floods, and droughts are recurring natural disasters in Nepal related to too much or too little water. The summer monsoon contributes more than 80% of annual rainfall, and rainfall spatial and inter-annual variation is very high. The Gandaki River, one of the three major rivers of Nepal and one of the major tributaries of the Ganges River, covers all agro-ecological zones in the central part of Nepal. Time series tests were applied for different agro-ecological zones of the Gandaki River Basin (GRB) for rainfall trends of four seasons (pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter) from 1981 to 2012. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall and Sen’s methods were used to determine the trends. Decadal anomalies relative to the long-term average were analyzed using the APHRODITE precipitation product. Trends in number of rainy days and timing of the monsoon were also analyzed. We found that the post-monsoon, pre-monsoon and winter rainfalls are decreasing significantly in most of the zones but monsoon rainfall is increasing throughout the basin. In the hill region, the annual rainfall is increasing but the rainy days do not show any trend. There is a tendency toward later departure of monsoon from Nepal, indicating an increase in its duration. These seasonally and topographically variable trends may have significant impacts for the agriculture and livestock smallholders that form the majority of the population in the GRB.
Micromechanical Simulation of Thermal Cyclic Behavior of ZrO2/Ti Functionally Graded Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Tsukamoto Hideaki
Published: March 2015

This study numerically investigates cyclic thermal shock behavior of ZrO2/Ti functionally graded thermal barrier coatings (FG TBCs) based on a nonlinear mean-field micromechanical approach, which takes into account the time-independent and dependent inelastic deformation, such as plasticity of metals, creep of metals and ceramics, and diffusional mass flow at the ceramic/metal interface. The fabrication processes for the FG TBCs have been also considered in the simulation. The effect of creep and compositional gradation patterns on micro-stress states in the FG TBCs during thermal cycling has been examined in terms of the amplitudes, ratios, maximum and mean values of thermal stresses. The compositional gradation patterns highly affect thermal stress states in case of high creep rates of ZrO2. In comparison with experimental data, maximum thermal stresses, amplitudes and ratios of thermal stresses can be effective parameters for design of such FG TBCs subject to cyclic thermal shock loadings.
Reoccupying Metaphor: On the Legitimacy of the Nonconceptual
Authors: Blanton C.
Published: March 2015

Hans Blumenberg’s magisterial defense of modernity against the reproach of secularization, elaborated most extensively in The Legitimacy of the Modern Age (1966, 1974), develops both a distinctive method of philosophical history and the groundwork of a philosophical anthropology, predicated on the emergence of human self-assertion as theoretical curiosity. But as Blumenberg’s work attests more generally, this argument both devolves on and comprises an excursion into metaphorology, transposing the grounds of legitimation from dialectic to rhetoric. This paper explores the implications of such a metaphorical transfer, suggesting that Blumenberg not only presupposes a cryptic mode of poetics, but also (against its own anthropological intention) invests that poetics with the power to negate the category of the human as such.
An Epigenetic Regulator: Methyl-CpG-Binding Domain Protein 1 (MBD1)
Authors: Li Lu , Chen Bi-Feng , Chan Wai-Yee
Published: March 2015

DNA methylation is an important form of epigenetic regulation in both normal development and cancer. Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 1 (MBD1) is highly related to DNA methylation. Its MBD domain recognizes and binds to methylated CpGs. This binding allows it to trigger methylation of H3K9 and results in transcriptional repression. The CXXC3 domain of MBD1 makes it a unique member of the MBD family due to its affinity to unmethylated DNA. MBD1 acts as an epigenetic regulator via different mechanisms, such as the formation of the MCAF1/MBD1/SETDB1 complex or the MBD1-HDAC3 complex. As methylation status always changes along with carcinogenesis or neurogenesis, MBD1 with its interacting partners, including proteins and non-coding RNAs, participates in normal or pathological processes and functions in different regulatory systems. Because of the important role of MBD1 in epigenetic regulation, it is a good candidate as a therapeutic target for diseases.
Chemokine-Releasing Nanoparticles for Manipulation of the Lymph Node Microenvironment
Authors: Popova Taissia , Teunis Allison , Magni Ruben , Luchini Alessandra , Espina Virginia , Liotta Lance , Popov Serguei
Published: March 2015

Chemokines (CKs) secreted by the host cells into surrounding tissue establish concentration gradients directing the migration of leukocytes. We propose an in vivo CK gradient remodeling approach based on sustained release of CKs by the crosslinked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel open meshwork nano-particles (NPs) containing internal crosslinked dye affinity baits for a reversible CK binding and release. The sustained release is based on a new principle of affinity off-rate tuning. The NPs with Cibacron Blue F3G-A and Reactive Blue-4 baits demonstrated a low-micromolar affinity binding to IL-8, MIP-2, and MCP-1 with a half-life of several hours at 37 °C. The capacity of NPs loaded with IL-8 and MIP-1α to increase neutrophil recruitment to lymph nodes (LNs) was tested in mice after footpad injection. Fluorescently-labeled NPs used as tracers indicated the delivery into the sub-capsular compartment of draining LNs. The animals administered the CK-loaded NPs demonstrated a widening of the sub-capsular space and a strong LN influx of leukocytes, while mice injected with control NPs without CKs or bolus doses of soluble CKs alone showed only a marginal neutrophil response. This technology provides a new means to therapeutically direct or restore immune cell traffic, and can also be employed for simultaneous therapy delivery.
Wind Energy Integration through District Heating. A Wind Resource Based Approach
Authors: Xydis George
Published: March 2015

The aim of this paper is to examine if the surplus of wind energy could be added to electricity-to-heat conversion systems when there is increased congestion in the grid or when there is wind power curtailment. In this way, the produced power can be utilized for contributing to the local district heating (DH) system needs. After examining scenarios, optimized energy distribution is recommended. A case study near Kozani, Greece with an onshore wind farm (WF) to be installed was thoroughly investigated exploring the options for increased wind energy integration analyzing thermal utilization possibilities based on the local DH needs. A wind resource assessment for the area was done, which optimizes the WF planning and links the DH system with the operation of the WF. The utilization rate between the electric and the DH grid was examined in order to describe the optimal way of the energy to be distributed reassuring profitability for the power producer and robust energy management for the system. It was found that the curtailed wind energy can be locally utilized in a DH system, by covering part of the demand that the diesel-based peak load boiler system does currently.
Le littoral des îles de l'archipel de Colon (Galapagos). Variation des processus de morphogenèse en fonction de la dérive océanique à partir d'un point chaud. (Littoral features of the isles of Colon archipelago (Galapagos). Changes of morphogenic agents in relation with lithospheric drift.)
Authors: Regnauld Hervé
Published: March 2015

Abstract - Galapagos Islands are created by lithospheric drift over a hot spot. Thus a comparative study of the littoral features of two distant islands allows to describe morphogenetic evolution in relation with drift. Four stages are recognized. A comparison with Hawaï islands points out the effectiveness of climatic changes as drift moves the isles throught various aeras.
Deux études sur le volcanisme du Mont Cameroun. (Two studies about Mount Cameroun)
Authors: Morin Serge , Mottet Gérard , Zogning Appolinaire
Published: March 2015

Abstract - The volcanic events of West Cameroon are controlled by tectonic lines. Even the historical eruptions of Mount Cameroon (the 1982 eruption is described) show persistant structural influences.
Travaux français récents sur la morphologie des littoraux volcaniques. (French works on volcanic coasts)
Authors: Battistini René
Published: March 2015

Abstract - French works on volcanic coasts (evolution of cliffs, old benches and neotectonics ; part played by volcanoes in shore building ; corrosion form on strands), in different parts in the world.
La gestion de l'espace par l'activité artisanale (Handicraft and space)
Authors: Vergneau Gustave
Published: March 2015

Résumé. - Les entreprises artisanales peuvent être étudiées à travers leurs approvisionnements et leurs relations de clientèle. Les contraintes pesant sur chaque entreprise permettent de comprendre l'espace dans lequel elles définissent et gèrent leurs activités.
Le poids de la menace. L'évaluation quotidienne du risque d'expulsion par les étrangers en situation irrégulière
Authors: Le Courant Stefan
Published: March 2015

La vie des étrangers en situation irrégulière est marquée par l’insécurité inhérente à leur situation administrative. Au quotidien, les risques divers – de l’arrestation à l’expulsion – doivent être évalués au mieux pour s’en prémunir. À travers l’expérience d’un dépôt de dossier de régularisation à la préfecture, cet article montre les difficultés à évaluer le risque dans un environnement où tout peut devenir menaçant.
Psychosocial concerns among patients with diabetes attending the preanesthetic and pain clinic
Authors: Bajwa Sukhminder , Saroha Richa , Bajwa Sukhwinder
Published: March 2015

Diabetes is a global health problem that is expected to affect double the population by next decade as compared to those affected at present. In spite of the improved, efficacious and newer modalities available to achieve adequate control of the disease, psychosocial issues like depression and anxiety, which may present in the preanesthetic/pain clinics with varied symptomatology and commonly affects these patients, are often overlooked. The impact of these issues is enormous and usually understated because of the fact that health care providers are not aware of these issues and its effect on the overall management of diabetes. Therefore, it is important to recognize and address these issues for the optimal management of the disease. Of equal importance is the development of educational teaching modules for self-care management while imparting training to health care providers at the same time to recognize the susceptible individuals at the earliest. The need for having multi-disciplinary approach and implementation of the same in the day to day practice cannot be overemphasized.
Social-behavioral, clinical and anesthetic concern associated with diabetic foot amputation in a Tertiary Care Institute of North India
Authors: Bajwa Sukhminder , Anand Smriti , Singh Amarjit
Published: March 2015

Background and Aim: India has become the world capital of diabetes and its associated complications. Patients with diabetic foot lesions presenting for amputation suffer from various socio-behavioral, psychological and economic constraints, which have an impact on the care providers of those affected as well. The aim of this study was to evaluate these socio-behavioral and anesthetic concerns in those undergoing amputation so as to draw an insight to this curb the menace of diabetes. Materials and Methods: The study included 171 patients in the age group 29-78 years of either sex who underwent either amputation or debridement, followed by amputation. The clinical status was observed and duly recorded in the performa meant for the study. The socio-behavioral aspects related to diabetic foot were recorded by interview method form patients and their relatives. Results: A higher occurrence of diabetic foot morbidities was found in males (152) than in females (19) with a mean age of 52.64 years at the time of presentation in our study. Socio-behavioral factors such as low literacy levels, treatment by quacks, inadequate foot care and habit of walking barefoot, lack of physician follow-up and association of concomitant risk factors such as smoking and alcoholism and co-morbidities were important triggers for diabetic foot morbidities and subsequent amputation. These also had psychological impacts on its sufferers. Neuropathy was the main culprit accounting for 88.89% cases, while neuropathy accounted for 11.11% cases. Conclusion: Diabetic foot patients undergoing amputation require multidisciplinary management and anesthesiologist as well intensivist can play a pivotal role in psycho-social and behavioral therapy of these patients.
Oxidative Damaged Products, Level of Hydrogen Peroxide, and Antioxidant Protection in Diapausing Pupa of Tasar Silk Worm, Antheraea mylitta: A Comparative Study in Two Voltine Groups
Authors: Sahoo Alpana , Dandapat Jagneshwar , Samanta Luna
Published: March 2015

The present study demonstrates tissue-specific (hemolymph and fat body) and inter-voltine [bivoltine (BV) and trivoltine (TV)] differences in oxidatively damaged products, H2O2 content, and the relative level of antioxidant protection in the diapausing pupae of Antheraea mylitta. Results suggest that fat body (FB) of both the voltine groups has oxidative predominance, as evident from the high value of lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content, despite better enzymatic defenses in comparison to hemolymph (HL). This may be attributed to the higher metabolic rate of the tissue concerned, concomitant with high lipid content and abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Nondetectable catalase activity in the pupal hemolymph of both strains apparently suggests an additional mechanism for H2O2 metabolism in the tissue. Inter-voltine comparison of the oxidative stress indices and antioxidant defense potential revealed that the TV group has a higher oxidative burden, lower activities for the antioxidant enzymes, and compensatory nonenzymatic protection from reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid.
From Neutrality to Praxis: The Shifting Politics of Ethnomusicology in the Contemporary World
Authors: Araújo Samuel
Published: March 2015

Reflecting upon recent changes in socio-scientific paradigms and thinking over his own research ex- perience with musical communities in Brazil, the researcher presents four case studies in which he finds evidence of a considerable transformation of research scenarios toward growing and more politically charged demands placed by communi- ties upon academics.
“But what if they call the police?” Applied Ethnomusicology and Urban Activism in the United States
Authors: Loughran Maureen
Published: March 2015

This article explores the difficulties and necessities of applied ethnomusicological research in an urban American neighborhood. A theory of method for activist centered work which connects academia with local, grassroots communities is discussed as well as the challenges of positioning oneself as an applied ethnomusicologist in the field.
Ljubljanska filharmonija
Authors: Šramel Vučina Urška
Published: March 2015

Ljubljanski filharmoniji, ki je formalno delovala med letoma 1934 in 1943, je v šestih aktivnih glasbenih sezonah ob nekaterih manjših prireditvah uspelo izvesti dvajset večjih orkestralnih nastopov in tako zapolnjevati vrzel v prirejanju simfoničnih koncertov v Ljubljani med obema vojnama. Besedilo nudi vpogled v način, vsebino in dosežke njenega delovanja.
Neurometric evaluations on the brain of the opossum (didelphys marsupialis cancrivora (linnaeus 1758) - a case for cognitive skill -brain development capacity
Authors: Samuel O. , Olopade J. , Onwuka S.
Published: March 2015

Introduction: The Opossum is a marsupial related wild life species belonging to the order Didelphimorphia. They inhabit the swampy forest zones in Nigeria but could inhabit drier regions. Some are arboreal and digitigrades, characterized by long bare tails and opposable thumbs modified for climbing and grasping respectively, they are known to be deficient in comparative sociality, peculiar brain morphology and a short life span. Our aim was to correlate through macro-neuromorphometry as well evaluate for the influence of head and brain weight, sex, adaptation, and behavioral ecology on the brain dimensions in comparison with other marsupials. Method: This study utilized thirteen animals (didelphys marsupialis cancrivota) consisting of four (6) males and seven (7) females and employing statistical methods in making inferences among the categories. Results: The mean overall head weight was 256.17 ±54.11g, 250.60± 51.62g for females and 269.16 ±139.22g for males, the whole brain weight was 30.43 ±10.19g. The brain /head weight ratio was 0.05± 0.02 while the maximum cerebral diameter, length and height were 46.97 ±13.84mm, 48.01±19.72mm and 30.48 ±2.90mm. cerebellar weight was 1.81 ±1.09g, and the cerebellar height and width were 2.39 ± 0.38mm and 2.44 ± 1.59mm respectively, cerebrum/ whole brain length index was 0.86± 0.04mm while mean endo-cranial volume was 19.75 ±30.11mls.The sexually dimorphic variables include whole brain length (59.87± 9.56mm and 57.12± 12.01mm), cerebral length (49.93± 10.17mm and 41.12± 15.57mm) and cerebral diameter (35.91± 13.55mm and 43.54± 29.96mm) for females and males respectively, suggesting better encephalization in females of this species compared to the males. Also, dimorphic parameters function for purposes such as predatory instincts, nursing of the young, spatial orientation, migrations and ecologic adaptations. Conclusion: In addition, this investigation suggests the enhanced possibility of cerebro-vascular accident in this species partly due to the cerebral length and height ratio in relation to the endo-cranial volume and shape in the likelihood of shorter lifespan in the males.
The structure, morphometry and vascular perfusion of the testis in the rufous sengi (Elephantulus rufescens)
Authors: Kisipan M. , Oduor-Okelo D. , Makanya A. , Onyango D.
Published: March 2015

Introduction and Materials and Methods: Sengis are testicondid, monogamous afrotherian mammals. The testes, pattern of testicular blood vessels and anatomical disposition of caudal vena cava were examined macroscopically in the rufous sengi (Elephantulus rufescens). Testicular structure was further studied microscopically and its components quantified using stereology. Results: The testes were cylindrical in shape and located caudolateral to the kidneys. The testicular arteries branched from renal arteries, ran to the respective testicles without close association with other vessels, while the veins ran straight to the caudal vena cava without pampiniform plexus or intimate association with cognate arteries. There were two caudal vena cavae that united after receiving the renal veins. The seminiferous tubules were bound by a peritubular boundary tissue with a single layer of myoid cells while the interstitial tissue had polyhedral or elongate Leydig cells and connective tissue elements. The testicular volume was estimated at 0.089 ± 0.0031 cm3 with the seminiferous tubules (mean diameter = 210 ± 5.7 μm) constituting 89.4 ± 0.8% of its volume and tubulosomatic index of 0.38%. The interstitial tissue and tunica albuginea constituted 8.9 ± 0.81% and 1.7 ± 0.1% of the testis volume respectively. Conclusion: The testis exhibited general mammalian features while its vascular pattern was simple without indications of a role in testicular thermoregulation as is the case for other afrotherians. The investment of body mass in seminiferous tubules suggests a spermatogenic activity higher than expected in monogamous animals. The double caudal vena cava could be a result of retention of the left supracardinal vein to adulthood.
Azathioprine and Methotrexate impaired the morphology and functions of the testes in adult wistar rats
Authors: Akinlolu A. , Akinola O. , Khobe P. , Obasi K. , Dada O.
Published: March 2015

Introduction: AAzathioprine and Methotrexate are both used in the treatment of cancer; and are classified as cytotoxic drugs with reported adverse effects such as oxidative damage to the DNA/RNA, the testes and sperm cells. This study, therefore, tested the hypothesis that AAzathioprine and Methotrexate administrations impair the morphology and functions of the testes in adult male wistar rats. Methods: AAzathioprine (50-150mg per day) and Methotrexate (2.5mg per week) are used in the treatment of cancer in adult Man. We tested the hypothesis that AAzathioprine and Methotrexate impair the morphology and functions of testes in rats. Forty adult male wistar rats (150-230g) were employed in the study: Control Group I received physiological saline while Experimental Groups II - V received oral administrations of 5mg/kg/bodyweight of AAzathioprine per day, 15mg/kg/bodyweight of AAzathioprine per day, 8mg/kg/bodyweight of Methotrexate per week and 20mg/kg/bodyweight of Methotrexate per week respectively for 35 days. Results: Histological examinations of the testes of rats of Groups II - V showed dose-dependent morphological anomalies such as fewer collagen ibers of connective tissues, disrupted seminiferous tubules and scanty spermatozoa when compared to rats of Group I. Statistical analyses showed dose-dependent elevated levels (P≤0.05) of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in testes homogenates of rats of Groups II - V when compared to rats of Group I. This implied increased oxidative stress in rats of Groups II - V. Evaluations of Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Testosterone showed dose-dependent significantly elevated levels (P≤0.05) in rats of Groups II - V when compared to rats of Group I. Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with the stated hypothesis.
A rare branching pattern of ulnar nerve in the lower arm
Authors: Oyedun O. , Onatola O. , Kanu C. , Zelibe O.
Published: March 2015

Introduction: The ulnar nerve is one of the two terminal branches of the medial cord. It passes down the medial aspect of the arm and runs posterior to medial epicondyle to enter the forearm without branching. Previously, ulnar nerve variations have been consistently located in origin or course of the distal branches. Case Report: In this present case, an unreported rare bifurcation of ulnar nerve was seen in the left lower arm of a 65 year male cadaver with the resulting posteromedial and anterolateral branches arising above the medial epicondyle in.Its phylogeny and implications are discussed in detail. Conclusion: A lack of awareness of variations might complicate surgical repair and may cause ineffective nerve blockade.
Electromyographic study on the sternocleidomastoid and pectoralis major muscles during respiratory activity in humans
Authors: Nepomuceno V. , Nepomuceno E. , Regalo S. , Cerqueira E. , Souza R.
Published: March 2015

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous and maximum activities ofthe sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and pectoralis major (PM) muscles, to determine how the two types of breathing patterns (normal and forced) can affect these activities , and to verify which of these muscles could be used to establish an evaluation protocol for patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Methods: Eleven healthy men, aged 18 to 25 years, participated in this study. The individuals remained in supine position using a respiratory belt to monitor both inspiratory and expiratory phase during shifts in the rib cage, performing three repetitions for the normal and forced respiratory movements, while keeping the breathing rhythm with a standard metronome. Electromyographic signals were captured using bipolar surface electrodes placed on the lower third of the SCM muscle and on the lower PM muscle fibers. Electromyographic signals were analyzed and the root mean square (RMS) values were calculated for a complete respiratory cycle. The EMG values were analyzed using the Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons. The homogeneity of variances was verified using the logarithmic transformation (LOG). The level of statistical significance was set at 5% (SPSS 19.0). Results: The values showed that there are signiicant differences between the EMG values of the SCM muscle during normal and forced respiration and the EMG values of the ECM and PM muscles during forced respiration. Conclusion: These results showed that the SCM muscle can be an indicator for the development of parameters to be used in the analysis of patients with respiratory failure.
Effect of methotrexate and vitamin A on NOR expression in seminiferous tubules of Wistar rats
Authors: Reghunathan D. , Bhat K. , Bairy K. , Murlimanju B. , Prasad A.
Published: March 2015

Introduction: The histopathology and expression of nucleolar organizing regions (NORs), of seminiferous tubules was studied after the administration of methotrexate (MTX) and vitamin A (VA). Objective of the study was to test if the NOR count increases or decreases with different doses of MTX. Material and Methods: Male Wistar rats aged 4 months, maintained in our institution were used in the present study. The rats were divided into following groups, group I - control (saline treated), group II - animals treated with 8 mg of MTX, group III - animals treated with 10 mg of MTX, group IV - animals treated with 12 mg of MTX, group V - animals treated with VA (5000 IU), Group VI - animals treated with VA (5000 IU) and MTX (12 mg). Results: The animals treated with MTX showed significant decrease in the diameter of seminiferous tubules and increase in interstitial space. The spermatogenesis was not complete in some tubules. When MTX was given with VA, the damage done by MTX was decreased. There was an overall numerical decrease in the total NOR count from the control to 12 mg dose MTX. The total count included small, medium and large sized NORs. Conclusion: Higher the dose of MTX, lesser the NOR count and lesser the irregularity of NORs. However VA co-administration reduces the damage produced by MTX. We believe that indings of the present study might be useful in understanding the long term effect of MTX and its adverse effects.
Rare variation in arterial branching of celiac trunk with three aberrant hepatic arteries - Case report
Authors: Rachana K. , Madhyastha Sampath , Saralaya Vasudha , Joy Teresa , Premchandran Divya , Rai Santhosh
Published: March 2015

The celiac trunk shows a trifurcate division which branches to supply the hepatobiliary system, stomach, parts of the digestive tract. The celiac trunk usually exhibits regular pattern of branching with few variations reported. This case report highlights on the vitality of anomalous branching of the celiac trunk and it branches. Surgical complications involving these organs would be partially explained by studying the anomalous branching of the vascular components supplying it. Here we have reported anomalous origin of three aberrant hepatic arteries, one accessory hepatic artery and an aberrant cystic artery. These variations are of importance to radiologists and hepatic surgeons.
Rhythm and its perception in the central nervous system
Authors: Ried B. , Rodrigues G. , Gama E.
Published: March 2015

Rhythm works as an organizing principle in all sorts/manner of human behavior and perception. Several sciences investigate rhythm, trying to unveil the mechanisms of its perception and its neural correlates. In order to assess the knowledge available from 2001 to 2011, we conducted a review into five international data bases using the keywords “rhythm” and “perception“. 17 original research papers were found whose indings were fairly inconclusive and unable to precisely locate one single rhythm processing area in the brain, but found activations in both cortical and subcortical structures and the cerebellum. However, methods were found to be fairly diverse and often terminologically inconsistent, which hampers comparison between studies. Conclusions: the former vision of rhythm perception in the brain as occurring in a network has been conirmed.
Use of Ra isotopes to deduce rapid transfer of sediment-derived inputs off Kerguelen
Authors: Sanial V. , van Beek P. , Lansard B. , Souhaut M. , Kestenare E. , d'Ovidio F. , Zhou M. , Blain S.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. The Southern Ocean is known to be the largest high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) region of the global ocean due to iron limitation. However, a large phytoplankton bloom develops annually downstream of the Kerguelen Islands, a bloom which is sustained partly by iron released from the sediments deposited onto the shelves. In the framework of the KEOPS-2 project, we used radium isotopes (224Ra, T1/2 = 3.66 d; 223Ra, T1/2 = 11.4 d; 228Ra, T1/2 = 5.75 yr) to provide information on the origin of iron fertilization and on the timescales of the transfer of sediment-derived inputs (including iron and other micronutrients) towards offshore waters. Significant 224Ra and 223Ra activities were found in the near vicinity of the Kerguelen Islands, in agreement with the short half-lives of these isotopes. Significant 224Ra and 223Ra activities were also detected up to 200 km downstream of the islands and more unexpectedly in offshore waters south of the polar front. These observations thus clearly indicate (i) that the sediment-derived inputs are rapidly transferred towards offshore waters (on timescales on the order of several days up to several weeks) and (ii) that the polar front is not a physical barrier for the chemical elements released from the sediments of the Kerguelen Plateau. The Ra data set suggests that iron and other micronutrients released by the shelves of the Kerguelen Islands may contribute to fueling the phytoplankton bloom downstream of the islands, despite the presence of the polar front. However, the heterogeneous distribution of the 224Ra and 223Ra activities in surface waters suggests that this supply across the front is not a continuous process but rather a process that is highly variable in space and time.