bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management features of elderly and senile patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome in clinical practice
Authors: Konstantinova E. V. , Denisova S. O. , Shcherbatsevich A. D. , Kalinina M. I. , Chernikov A. O. , Rahimi N. A. , Velikotsky A. A. , Ploshchenkov E. V.
Published: August 2024

Aim. Comparative analysis of two groups of patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) in age subgroups 60-74 years (elderly patients) and 75 years and older (senile patients); comparison of the coronary angiography (CAG) performance rate with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) consideration and time to intervention; evaluation of comorbidities associated with PCI non-performance in clinical practice in the selected subgroups of patients.

Material and methods. The study included 580 patients aged 60 years and older (60-74 years (elderly patient group) and 75 years and older (senile patient group)), hospitalized at the regional vascular center of City Clinical Hospital in Moscow during the period from January 01, 2021 to December 31, 2022 with the diagnosis of NSTE-ACS. The decision to perform CAG with possible PCI was made by hospital physicians in the routine order of daily clinical practice. Statistical analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel 19.

Results. In the group of senile patients, there was a comparatively higher percentage of women, patients with a final diagnosis of myocardial infarction, prevalence of anemia, chronic and Killip class ≥II acute heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and stage ≥3 chronic kidney disease. CAG/PCI was performed in the elderly patient group in 91,5% of cases, which was more frequent compared to the senile patient group, where the intervention was performed in 85% of cases (p=0,015). Mostly, CAG/PCI in both groups was performed within the first day of hospital admission. Anemia was significantly more common in patients aged 60-74 years in the conservative strategy groups, and aortic stenosis was more common in those aged 75 years and older. In any age group with non-performance of CAG/PCI, a significant frequency of in-hospital mortality was observed.

Conclusion. Patients with NSTE-ACS of elderly and senile age included in the study predominantly underwent invasive treatment within the first day of hospitalization. The elderly and senile age patient groups differed in the prevalence of revascularization, comorbidities and in-hospital outcomes, and did not differ in the time and treatment strategy. The subgroups with interventional treatment more often had a favorable in-hospital outcome.
Associations of the severity of carotid and subclavian atherosclerosis with the conventional risk factors, clinical and angiographic variables in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Bershtein L. L. , Lunina M. D. , Evdokimov D. S. , Nayden T. V. , Gumerova V. E. , Kochanov I. N. , Ivanov A. A. , Boldueva S. A. , Resnyanskaya E. D. , Zbyshevskaya E. V. , Evtushenko A. E. , Piltakyan V. Kh. , Sayganov S. A.
Published: August 2024

Aim. To characterize the association between cardiovascular risk factors and clinical and paraclinical variables with the severity of concomitant carotid and subclavian atherosclerosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Material and methods. Patients with ACS of any type, having obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) confirmed by coronary angiography, underwent an ultrasound of the carotid and subclavian arteries with quantitative plaque assessment. The most important clinical, echocardiographic, angiographic and laboratory variables that contribute to atherosclerosis and/or affect the cardiovascular prognosis were evaluated. In patients with ACS considered ad the CAD onset, retrospective calculation of Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation2 (SCORE2) score was performed.

Results. A total of 312 patients aged 64 (56, 72) years (male, 69,2%) were studied. The detection rate of carotid/subclavian plaque was 86% and was higher in patients with more severe CAD — 79,4, 87,0, 92,6% in patients with 1-, 2- and 3-vessel disease respectively (p=0,027). However, 20% of patients with 2-/3-vessel CAD had no carotid/ subclavian atherosclerosis. Most of the traditional cardiovascular risk factors and other studied echocardiographic, angiographic, laboratory variables, as well as SCORE2 in patients with CAD onset did not demonstrate independent association with the severity of carotid/ subclavian atherosclerosis. The variability of the total plaque area (TPA) was explained by related multifactor regression model only to a small extent, R2=13%. Age (β 0,76, 95% CI 0,24-1,29, p=0,004), glomerular filtration rate (β -0,44, 95% CI -0,76 — -0,13, p=0,006); peripheral artery disease (β 19,50, 95% CI 1,63-37,37, p=0,033) demonstrated a significant independent association with TPA.

Conclusion. In patients with ACS, only age, glomerular filtration rate and history of peripheral artery disease demonstrated the independent associations with carotid/subclavian atherosclerotic burden. Assessed variables explained 13% of TPA variability.
Association of plasma microRNA levels with different collateral circulation degree in chronic total occlusion patients with coronary artery disease: a pilot study
Authors: Kiseleva A. V. , Vasilyev D. K. , Soplenkova A. G. , Shukurov F. B. , Sotnikova E. A. , Feshchenko D. A. , Kutsenko V. A. , Arablinsky N. A. , Skirko O. P. , Zharikova A. A. , Ershova A. I. , Pokrovskaya M. S. , Meshkov A. N. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: August 2024

Aim. To investigate the association of 10 circulating plasma microRNAs with collateral flow degree in chronic total occlusion (CTO) patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Materials and methods. Plasma expression levels of 10 circulating miRNAs were measured by real-time PCR using Taqman technology in a sample of 43 subjects. The study included patients with CAD and CTO with good (n=13) or poor (n=10) coronary collateral circulation (CCC) based on Rentrop classification and a control group of patients without significant coronary stenosis (n=20).

Results. Significant differences in expression levels were found for 7 circulating miRNAs in patients with CTO and good CCC and for 5 microRNAs in the combined group of patients with CTO compared to the control group. Among the 7 microRNAs, decreased expression of hsa-miR-126-5p, hsa-miR-146a-5p, hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-15b-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-23a-3p and increased expression of hsa-miR-451a were detected. For the first time, we showed that the level of 2 microRNAs (hsa-miR-23a-3p, hsa-miR-21-5p) is significantly reduced and the level of hsa-miR-451a is increased in patients with CAD with good CCC.

Conclusion. Plasma microRNAs with significant differences obtained can be used for further studies on a larger sample size as candidate biomarkers for assessing the severity of ССС in the presence of CTO.
Odd and Co – Odd Sum Degree Domination in Graphs with Algorithm
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Mathematics, Nehru Memorial College (Autonomous),(Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Puthanampatti, Tamil Nadu, India, Ilakkiya D , Selvi V Mohana
Published: August 2024

Objectives: The main aim of this study is to introduce two new domination parameters, namely odd and co-odd sum degree domination numbers, and to provide an algorithm for finding the odd sum degree dominating set of a graph. Methods: The odd and co-odd sum degree domination numbers of a graph G are introduced by verifying the following two conditions on dominating and co-dominating sets of G. (i) The sum of degree of vertices of the dominating and co-dominating sets are odd numbers. (ii) The cardinality of the above two sets are minimum. Further, obtained the degree sum values of the above two sets are referred as odd and co-odd sum degree domination values of G. Findings: The odd and co-odd sum degree domination numbers and values are defined and their exact values are obtained for some standard classes of graphs. The bounds of the above numbers are found in terms of basic graph theoretical terminologies. Further, the above said domination parameters are characterized. The relationships with other domination parameters are determined. Novelty: Domination is a wide area with more applications in real-life situations. It has numerous applications in modern science and engineering. The odd and even numbers play a vital role in the following areas like Number Theory in Mathematics, Sorting Algorithms in Computer Science, Arrangements of atoms in Molecular Chemistry, etc. The degree-based domination also has plenty of applications like ensuring redundancy and reliability in Communication Networks, identifying sets of nodes or links that provide fault tolerance in Electrical Networks, etc. Motivated by the notion of the above applications in this paper, the odd and co-odd sum degree dominations are introduced. Further, the step-by-step algorithm for finding the newly introduced parameter is also presented with an illustration. Keywords: Odd sum degree dominating set, Odd sum degree domination number, Odd sum degree domination value, Co-odd sum degree dominating set, Co-odd sum degree domination number, and Co-odd sum degree domination value.
Feature Selection in High Dimension Datasets using Incremental Feature Clustering
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of CSIT, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India, Patel Damodar , Saxena Amit Kumar
Published: August 2024

Objectives: To develop a machine learning-based model to select the most important features from a high-dimensional dataset to classify the patterns at high accuracy and reduce their dimensionality. Methods: The proposed feature selection method (FSIFC) forms and combines feature clusters incrementally and produces feature subsets each time. The method uses K-means clustering and Mutual Information (MI) to refine the feature selection process iteratively. Initially, two clusters of features are formed using K-means clustering (K=2) by taking features as the basis of clustering instead of taking the patterns (a traditional way). From these two clusters, the features with the highest MI value in each cluster are kept in a feature subset. Classification accuracies (CA) of the feature subset are calculated using three classifiers namely Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and k-nearest Neighbor (knn). The process is repeated by incrementing the value of K i.e. number of clusters; until a maximum user-defined value of K is reached. The best value of CA obtained from these trials is recorded and the corresponding feature set is finally accepted. Findings: The proposed method is demonstrated using ten datasets and the results are compared with the existing published results using three classifiers to determine the method's performance. The ten datasets are classified with average CAs of 92.72%, 93.13%, and 91.5%, using the SVM, RF, and K-NN classifiers respectively. The proposed method selects a maximum of thirty features from the datasets. In terms of selecting the most effective and the smallest feature sets, the proposed method outperforms eight other feature selection methods considering CAs. Novelty: The proposed model applies feature reduction using combined feature clustering and filter methods in an incremental way. This provides an improved selection of relevant features while removing those which are irrelevant at different trials. Keywords: Feature selection, High-dimensional datasets, K-means algorithm, Mutual information, Machine learning
Studies on Structural, Morphological, Electrical, and Gas Sensing Properties of the Polyaniline/Manganese Dioxide (PANI/MnO2) Composites
Authors:   Department of Physics, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, 585106, Karnataka, India, Vijaykumar B T , Manjunatha B , Sannakki Basavaraja
Published: August 2024

Objectives: To synthesize the pure PANI and PANI/MnO2 composites from the reaction of aniline monomer polymerization with manganese oxide (MnO2) particles. Methods: The structural, morphological, and electrical conductivity investigation of pure PANI and composites was done with powder XRD, SEM, and Impedance spectra; Ammonium persulfate was used as an oxidant. The temperature-dependent DC conductivity of samples is studied in the temperature range of 30°C to 200°C. The AC electrical conductivity of the prepared composites from impedance spectroscopy was carried out and compared with pure materials. The AC conductivity of prepared composites has been analyzed as a function of frequency. Findings: It has been successfully prepared by in situ polymerization. XRD results of the PANI/MnO2 composites reveal that the crystalline structure is converted into a very less crystalline structure due to the incorporation of MnO2 which is inside the PANI chain. The structural, morphological and conductivity of the composites remain relative to changes with respect to the weight percentage of MnO2. The AC conductivity of composites varies depending upon a change of logarithmic frequency. On exposure to LPG gas, variation in resistance and response of the composites was observed. Novelty: All the samples were prepared and investigated the method of in-situ chemically polymerization mechanism. Keywords: Manganese oxide, Polyaniline, XRD, SEM, AC, DC, Electrical properties, LPG
Exploring MHD Effect on Erying-Powell Nanofluid Through Porous Media Under The Influence of Slips
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, Kavitha G , Tankasala Vijayalaxmi , Vittal Ch. , Dhanalaxmi V , Renuka S
Published: August 2024

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the first and second order slip effects, thermal and solutal convective conditions of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow behaviour of Erying-Powell nanofluid through a porous stretching sheet, taking into account the presence of Casson fluid particles. Method: The primary governing equations are a collection of nonlinear partial differential equations that have been similarly transformed into sets of nonlinear ordinary differentials of nanofluid motion, energy, and concentration along with the boundary conditions by using similarity transformations. These equations are numerically solved by using an implicit finite element method. Findings: This study reveals the influence of various factors on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles and it is observed that the presence of velocity diminishes with the increasing values of magnetic field parameter, Casson fluid parameter and second order slip parameter while increases the velocity with Eyring Powel parameter and first order slip parameter. Thermophoesis parameter (Nt) shows the same effect on both temperature and concentration profiles whereas Brownian motion (Nb) parameter demonstrates opposite effect with the increment values in Nt, Nb. Tabular data is used to offer detailed information on skin friction, heat rate, and mass transfer coefficients. Novelty: The uniqueness of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis of the combined effects of MHD, slip, and Casson fluid behaviour on the flow of Eyring-Powell nanofluid through pours medium and heat transfer characteristics. The findings provide valuable insights into the complex interactions between these factors also this study will pave the way for future finite element method software implementation and offering new perspectives and potential applications in various engineering and industrial processes involving fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena. Keywords: Powell-Erying fluid, Casson fluid, Magnetic field, Porous medium, First and second order slips, Stretching sheet, Finite element method
On the Ternary Cubic Diophantine Equation 𝑥3 + 𝑦3 = 2(𝑧 + 𝑤)2(𝑧 − 𝑤)
Authors:   Assistant Professor, PG & Research Department of Mathematics, A.D.M College for Women (Autonomous), Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, India, Devi P Jamuna , Araththi K S
Published: August 2024

The theory of Diophantine equation offers a rich variety of fascinating problems. There are Diophantine problems, which involve cubic equations with four variables. The cubic Diophantine equation given by is analyzed for its patterns of non-zero distinct integral solutions. Objectives: The objective of this paper is to explore the integral solutions of cubic equation by using suitable methodologies. A few interesting relations between the solutions and special numbers are exhibited. Method: Solving Diophantine equation is obtained by the method of Decomposition. The structure of decomposition: like , where and Z. By the decomposing method in primary terms of a, we achieve a countable number of decompositions in k full factors . Each decomposition of this kind leads to a system of equations similar to: , . We get multitude of solutions for a given equation, by determining the system of equations. Findings: By the method of linear transformations, the ternary cubic equation with four unknowns is solved for its integral solutions. The equation is researched for its attributes and correlation among the solutions for its non – zero unique integer points. In each of the transformations taken, the cubic equation yields different solutions. The properties of the solutions and their relationship with the special numbers are also exhibited. Novelty: Mathematician’s interest towards solving Pell’s equation has been so much not because they approximate with a value for . The main importance of the Pell’s equation is due to that most of the common questions have answers in this equation which can be sorted by 2 variables in the Quadratic equations. This document is about the research on higher degree Cubic Diophantine equation which gives the integral solutions of this equation, taken into consideration. Keywords: Integral solutions, Ternary Cubic, Oblong number, Polygonal number
The Effect of High Frequency Nerve Stimulation on Interoception and Pain in Dialysis Patients with Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors:   Krupanidhi College of Physiotherapy, Bengaluru, 560035, Karnataka, India, Swetha H , Varathan Kalidasan
Published: August 2024

Background and Purpose: Optimal treatment for Uremic Peripheral Neuropathy in dialysis patients is widely agreed to be pharmacological therapy for the underlying cause. Several authors recommend a rehabilitation program or intensive physiotherapy as a vital part of a patient’s recovery, but there is little definitive evidence that rehabilitation improves outcome. In part, this is due to the lack of research undertaken into the long-term functional outcomes for patients with Peripheral Neuropathy. Objectives: To evaluate High-frequency stimulation on interoception and pain in dialysis subjects with peripheral neuropathy. Methods : Based on the inclusion criteria after obtaining informed consent, thirty subjects were included in the study. The participants were administered 20 minutes of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) 3 days per week for 6 weeks. The timed Vibration Sense test at the great toe, medial malleolus, tibial tuberosity, Joint Position sense, and Neuropathy Pain scale were used as outcome measures. Findings : The result obtained after the analysis of paired t-tests within the group shows significant improvement in mean post-test scores of vibration sense test at great toe, medial malleolus, and tibial tuberosity with p value 0.000. The result also shows significant improvement in mean post-test scores of the joint position sense test and neuropathy pain scale with p-value < 0.05. Conclusion : Electrical Nerve stimulation has positively affected interoception and pain for dialysis patients with peripheral neuropathy. TENS may be most beneficial not only for pain reduction but also for subjects with neuropathy symptoms. Novelty : This study evaluated the effectiveness of the electrical modalities over the pain and interoception aspects of peripheral neuropathy, as it was not previously assessed. Keywords: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, Electrical Stimulation, Peripheral Neuropathy, Uremic Neuropathy, Hemodialysis
Refractive index adjusted imaging medium: High RI Iodixanol, Iohexol - Yeast v1
Authors: Hammer Mathias , Rossouw Ammeret
Published: August 2024

This protocol describes the steps to prepare imaging medium for Saccharomyces cerevisiae with high refractive index. This medium is optimized for fluorescence imaging by the reduction of auto-fluorescence through an abundance of Adenine [1] and the repression of of the Met-promoted pp7- CP expression [2].
ON THE DIOPHANTINE EQUATION
Authors: Yuan Xiaodan
Published: August 2024

Based on the Fibonacci-Sylvester algorithm, we introduce a new elementary method in terms of the Fibonacci-Sylvester algorithm for studying the Erdos-Straus conjecture (ESC), that is, the case of all positive integer solutions of the Diophantine equation . Here, only elementary methods are used to provide the general solution expressions for its all positive integer solutions. Using this new method, we provide a new proof of the Mordell theorem, which states that has a expression as the sum of three unit fractions for every natural number , except possibly for the numbers of the form with . In addition, we also explore the situation of the Erdos-Straus conjecture when and , and give the corresponding general solutions for all positive integer solutions of the equation, which is helpful for solving the problem of ESC and promoting the related research.
To identify the risk factors of poly cystic ovarian disease [PCOD] among women in reproductive age group at selected areas of puducherry –A case control study
Authors: Murugesan M .Navaneetha , Ramasamy Anusuya , Venkat Arulmozhi
Published: August 2024

: Poly Cystic Ovarian Disease is a common endocrine disorder which is difficult to define because there is no single abnormality or diagnostic test that defines the syndrome. But different studies on PCOD shows the life style changes, food pattern and several other factors were involved in the development of PCOD. It is very important for women to take care of their health during their reproductive years because much reproductive health related problems can arise during this period. So it is important to know the risk factors of PCOD, to reduce the morbidity level.

A case control study was carried out in hospital and in community. Three groups were selected: hospital cases, hospital controls and community controls with 50 samples in each group selected by purposive sampling technique. The data was collected using semi structured questionnaire using interview method. Approximately 10- 15 mins was taken by the study participants to answer the questions. By using Odds ratio the risk factors for PCOD were found out.

The risk factors identifiedwere medical history of other than PCOD (OR= 25.242), regular periods (OR=0.027), number of child (OR=7.667), taking milk (OR= 0.288) among hospital cases and hospital controls. Among hospital cases and community controls education (OR=5.167), BMI (OR= 4.25), Marital status (OR= 6), number of children (OR=40.773), taking tea (OR= 0.278), not doing exercise (OR= 0.255) were the risk factors identified. From the findings, it is evident that women with no children are 41 times at higher risk of getting PCOD when compared with women having children.

The study concludes that risk factors can be identified for PCOD. This will assist the community health nurse to take up preventive measures to bring down the morbidity rate.
Impact of telehealth on pediatric asthma management during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kannepalli Venkata Srilakshmi
Published: August 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed for telehealth services at an unprecedentedly rapid pace, thereby providing a golden opportunity to test the fruits of telehealth service delivery within the context of chronic care, such as pediatric asthma management. This paper therefore takes a broader view and places much emphasis on the role-triangulation that might be played by telehealth in comparison with in-person visits in the management of pediatric asthma.

A retrospective cohort study design was used to collect data for 250 pediatric asthma patients. Of these, 125 underwent telehealth consultations, while the remaining 125 did so in person. Metrics obtained for analysis were the frequency of asthma exacerbations, emergency visits, hospitalizations, medication adherence, and patient/parent satisfaction.

The team of researchers observed that there was a significant reduction in emergency visits to the department and hospitalizations in the telehealth group. The adherence to medication was also comparable, it so happened, which resulted in very encouraging satisfaction levels for the patients and parents. However, a few issues were noticed, such as access to technology, and in the sphere of communication, there were a few glitches.

: The practice of telehealth is a feasible and effective strategy for the management of pediatric asthma. This setting allows convenience with decreased infection rates. However, technological barriers need to be addressed if the diffusion is to broaden across the population and equal opportunities for access to remote health care are to be created. Introduction
Pathogenetic Aspects of the Choice of Drug Therapy in the Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Ektov Vladimir Nikolaevich , Khodorkovskiy Mark Anatolievich , Kurkin Alexander Vasilievic
Published: August 2024

Difficulties in determining effective treatment tactics for acute pancreatitis are associated with a complex multifactorial pathophysiological mechanism of the disease development. The central part in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis is taken by disorders of pancreatic microcirculation. Regardless of the etiology, increasing changes in microcirculation enhance the degree of pancreatic ischemia, thus intensifying the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and resulting in multisystem organ failure. Initial treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe and severe acute pancreatitis combined with transient or persistent organ failure should be carried out in intensive care units. Currently, there are no drugs effective for the treatment of acute pancreatitis in clinical practice. Initial treatment of various forms of acute pancreatitis is essentially supportive and aimed at relieving pain, nausea and vomiting, infusion therapy and early enteral nutrition. Indications for the use of antibacterial therapy in necrotizing acute pancreatitis are cases of infected pancreatic necrosis confirmed by CT or fine-needle aspiration biopsy, or clinical suspicion of infecting necrotic accumulations. To assess the severity and treat patients with severe acute pancreatitis, coordinated work of a multidisciplinary team of specialists is necessary. In the early stage of severe acute pancreatitis, responsibility for coordinating such multidisciplinary work should be borne by specialists of the intensive care units, at a late stage (in 2 weeks), such a role should be played by surgeons, determining the tactics of treating complications of necrotizing forms of acute pancreatitis and the use of various options for invasive interventions.
C-reactive Protein of Blood Plasma as a Precursor of Early Surgical Complications in Prosthetic Repair of the Anterior Abdominal Wall
Authors: Lukoyanychev Egor Evgenevich , Izmajlov Sergej Gennadevich , Redkin Anton Andreevich , Izmajlov Aleksandr Gennadevich , Abanin Aleksej Mihajlovich , Hohlenkova Darja Aleksandrovna
Published: August 2024

Despite the achievements in the treatment of abdominal hernias, the incidence of postoperative complications is still high, which entails an increased probability of hernia recurrence, repeated surgical interventions, and an increased mortality rate. Detection of the precursors of the above complications will allow for their timely diagnosis and treatment; this will improve the prognosis of the course of the disease.The aims of the study was to determine blood plasma C-reactive protein concentrations correlated with the presence and severity of early surgical complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification (1992) in cases of prosthetic repair of the anterior abdominal wall.Materials and methods. This was a clinical prospective multicenter study conducted in 2018-2022. Patients with a non-strangulated hernia of the anterior abdominal wall (n=89) underwent a hernia defect repair with a "conventional" polypropylene mesh implant. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence of early surgical complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification (1992). In the postoperative period, the patients underwent enzyme immunoassay of blood plasma for C-reactive protein, ultrasound scanning of the anterior abdominal wall tissues, and monitoring of local changes in the wound area. In 5 days after surgery, the groups were compared based on the criterion of blood plasma C-reactive protein concentration (within the reference values ​​or exceeding them for more than 5 mg/l).Results. The excessive reference level of C-reactive protein in blood plasma (more than 5 mg/l) on the 5th day after prosthetic plastic surgery of the anterior abdominal wall correlated with a 30.3% (p0.001, Fisher's exact test) higher rate of early surgical complications; of these, 73.1% of cases (p=0.014, Fisher's exact test) required invasive interventions (grade II complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification). The presence of early surgical complications according to the the Clavien-Dindo classification correlated with an 8-fold (p0.001, Mann-Whitney U test) higher concentration of C-reactive protein in blood plasma on the 5th day after prosthetic plastic surgery of the anterior abdominal wall (13.31 [6.12; 26.67] versus 1.68 [0.89; 3.99] in their absence).Conclusions. C-reactive protein of blood plasma level exceeding 5 mg/l on the 5th day after prosthetic repair of the anterior abdominal wall is a precursor of early surgical complications.
Investigation of Mortality and Morbidity In Patients Associated With Low Anterior Resection and Ghost Ileostomy
Authors: Fazeli Mohammad Sadegh , Ebrahimi Amirpasha , Behboudi Behnam , Sobhanian Ehsan , Moghimi Zahra , Sadeghian Ehsan , Keramati Mohammad Reza , Keshvari Amir , Tafti Seyed Mohsen Ahmadi , Pak Haleh , Zafarmandi Sahar , Ebrahimi Mehran , Sobhanian Ali , Rahimi Yasaman , Kazemeini Alireza
Published: August 2024

Background: Ghost ileostomy is a newly invented method that is used in patients with low anterior resection and colorectal anastomosis. Ghost ileostomy can be used instead of a converting stoma. A converting stoma (CS) is critical after low rectal resection procedures due to its role in preventing anastomosis leakage, especially in patients who are at higher risk, but its complications are non-negligible. The authors approached a study of Ghost ileostomy to identify its probable post-operation morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of some post-operation morbidity such as anastomosis bleeding or hematoma, prolonged ileus, pulmonary embolism, intra-abdominal abscess, wound site infection, and other complications.
Methods: 26 patients with low anterior resection and colorectal anastomosis due to colon cancer without any risk factor between 2013 and 2014 were selected. Checking of anastomosis leakage after 10-14 days post-operation was analyzed to assess the prevalence of anastomosis leakage and compare post-operation morbidity and mortality.
Results: The mean age of cases was 55 years (40 to 65). 16 (61.5%) were male and 10 (38.5%) females. The average BMI is 23.7 and all of the patients are in the normal range. The authors’ mortality rate was negative. 2 patients (0.076%) suffered from prolonged ileus and one patient (0.038%) had a wound site infection. Other postoperation morbidities such as anastomosis bleeding or hematoma, pulmonary embolism, intra-abdominal abscess were negative. The authors had no stoma-related morbidity and also no anastomosis morbidity.
Conclusions: Anastomosis leakage is the most common complication in colorectal surgeries. Diverting stoma can decrease complications of anastomosis leakage but there is no evidence of its preventing role. By using ghost ileostomy, the authors can manage selective loop ileostomy and the complications will be reduced. The most reliable way for anastomosis leakage diagnosis is the surgeon’s suspicion. Converting stoma that is used for preventing anastomosis leakage, has significant complications of its own. As the anastomosis leakage does not have a high prevalence, the authors can use ghost ileostomy to reduce the complications and improve the quality of life.
Evaluating The Effectiveness of Nurse-Led Education on The Anxiety Level of Preoperative Candidates for Opening Vascular Access in Shariati Hospital
Authors: Molavi Behnam , Molavi Rozhina , Notash Aidin Yaghoobi
Published: August 2024

Background: Every year, many patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) undergo surgeries to provide suitable vessel access for hemodialysis. These surgeries cause significant anxiety in these patients. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of nurse-led training on reducing the level of anxiety experienced by these patients.
Methods: 38 patients were randomly selected from the candidates for vascular access opening at Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran. They were divided equally into two groups: cases and controls. The anxiety level was measured in both groups using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory at baseline. After 30 minutes of personalized training, the anxiety level was reevaluated in the cases and statistically compared with the anxiety level before the intervention using a paired t-test.
Results: The mean baseline anxiety level was 40.94 in the cases and 40.42 in the controls. These numbers changed to 34.78 in the cases and 40.05 in the controls after the training intervention. Statistical comparison revealed a significant decrease in the case group (p = 0.048), while the observed difference was statistically insignificant in the controls (p = 0.788).
Conclusions: Providing an appropriate personalized nurse-led educational package can significantly reduce the anxiety level in preoperative candidates for vascular access opening in kidney failure cases. Further studies are required to better develop the content of this training and also to determine whether a gap between the training and surgery is required to increase effectiveness.
The challenges of children's safety in pre-hospital emergencies: a qualitative study
Authors: Aghababaeian Hamidreza , Imani Asad , Masoudiyekta Leila , Radmanmehr Meysam , Farahmandnia Behnam
Published: August 2024

Objective: Exploring the challenges experienced by the pre-hospital emergency personnel to prevent the secondary injuries and provide more effective services to children can be helpful. This study aims to explain the safety challenges of children in the pre-hospital emergencies.
Method: This qualitative study, which was conducted with the content analysis approach, was a semi-structured, and in-depth data collection process with the field notes for pre-hospital emergency personnel in Dezful city in 2022. Sampling was done in a targeted and available manner. The sampling process continued until the data saturation was reached. The trustworthiness of data was improved by reviewing and revising the data, experience and expertise of the interviewer, review of research participants and researchers. The research data, including interview texts and field notes, were divided into the semantic units, and then summarized by compression, and then abstracted in the order of subclasses, main classes, and finally themes.
Results:
Qualitative data analysis of interviews and notes led to the extraction of eight themes, which expressed the nature of children's safety challenges in the pre-hospital emergency: the lack of pre-hospital equipment for children, physical and mental characteristics of children, the lack of safety of vehicles for children, the lack of clinical skills of personnel for children, anxiety and non-cooperation of parents, operational and legal problems, the lack of attention to professional responsibility and high work pressure in children's missions .
Conclusion:
This study’s results showed that identifying children's safety challenges for pre-hospital emergency personnel can help better understand the care needs of this age group and help managers plan in order to reduce children's safety challenges in the pre-hospital missions.
A rare case of emphysematous cystitis
Authors: Aarabi Sepideh
Published: August 2024

Emphysematous cystitis is a rare complication that can occur as a result of a lower urinary tract infection. Diabetic patients are at a heigh risk of developing emphysematous cystitis due to their susceptibility to urinary infections caused by gas-producing bacteria. The recommended diagnostic test for this condition is a computed tomography (CT) scan, which is effective in identifying gas buildup in the bladder wall and lumen. The prognosis of this condition depends on how quickly it is treated. In this report, we describe a woman with diabetes mellitus type-2 presented with emphysematous cystitis. Fortunately, she was treated with a combination of antibiotics, insulin therapy, and bladder drainage.
Intravascular volume status in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19: a case series
Authors: Akbari Hamideh , Safaei Arash , Akhgar Atousa
Published: August 2024

The Article Abstract is not available.
Exosomes and Tumor Progression: Our Current Knowledge
Authors: Pourashoury Mohaddese
Published: August 2024

Exosomes are tiny vesicles that cells secrete into the extracellular environment. They are crucial in cellular communication and have wide-ranging physiological and pathological ramifications. Cargo sorting, MVB development and maturation, MVB transport, and MVB fusion with the plasma membrane are the four essential steps in exosome biogenesis. The high heterogeneity of exosomes is due to the fact that each process is modulated by the competition or coordination of multiple mechanisms, resulting in the sorting of diverse compositions of molecular cargos into different subpopulations of exosomes. In cancer, exosomes have been shown to play a crucial role in tumor growth, metastasis, and pre-metastatic niche formation. In this mini-review, we briefly compile what we know about exosomes at present, including how they are made, what they carry, and how they promote tumor growth. Exosomes' potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is discussed. We also take a look at the research that hasn't been done and the challenges that have been overlooked
A Novel Case of SHORT Syndrome Presenting with Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease (VEO-IBD)
Authors: Fekrvand Saba , Shahrooei Mohammad , Shabestari Mahnaz Sadeghi-
Published: August 2024

Herein we report a novel case of SHORT syndrome with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOIBD). He presented with hematochezia since the first months of life for which he was diagnosed with cow milk allergy that did not respond to treatment. He underwent a colonoscopy confirming the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC). His past medical history was also remarkable with delayed growth since 6 months of age and frequent hospitalizations due to recurrent fever, gastroenteritis, and anemia with no history of recurrent infectious episodes. Despite appropriate treatment for UC and partial improvement in his bowel habits and nutrition, there was no improvement in his growth status and he was found to have failure to thrive. The patient further underwent genetic test evaluation and a novel heterozygous missense mutation was detected in the PIK3R1 gene (c.2076A>C, P. Lys692Asn) confirming the diagnosis of SHORT syndrome. He got appropriate treatment and is currently doing well, in good condition and is under regular monthly follow-up.
MiR-194-5p might be a Potential Biomarker for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Dadbinpour Ali , Dehghanian Mehran , Vahidi Mehrjardi Mohammad Yahya
Published: August 2024

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence is increasing around the world as a progressive metabolic condition. The miRNA expression profile changes in the early stages of diabetes in body fluids. It can help in early diagnosis of diabetes, which reduces diabetes-related mortality. In this study, miR194-5p gene expression levels in diabetic and pre-diabetic patients will be examined and compared to the healthy controls.
Materials and Methods: The expression levels of miR-194-5p were evaluated in 90 participants, referred to Yazd diabetes centers (Iran) in 2022, including 30 T2DM, 30 prediabetics, and 30 healthy subjects by real-time PCR. The potential pathways affected by microRNA were fitted to the Enrichr web server by applying target genes predicted to miR-194-5p in the Target Scan Human 7.2 database.
Results: The results of these studies indicate a gradual decrease in miR-194-5p expression levels in prediabetic and T2DM patients compared to healthy controls (P< 0.001). The role of the miR-194-5p target genes in T2DM-related signaling pathways such as the Wnt and TGF-beta pathways was also determined.
Conclusion: The results indicate that miR-194-5p is a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of T2DM due to its down-regulation in the serum of prediabetics and diabetics compared to healthy subjects.
Hepatic, Renal and Cardiovascular Biomarker Variability in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Poor Glycemic Control
Authors: Soita Kevin , Kisato Violet , Barasa Erick , Mambo Fidelis , Were Tom , Gitonga Godfrey , Shaviya Nathan
Published: August 2024

Objective: The main aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the variability of the hepatic, renal and cardiovascular biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with poor glycemic control.
Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study utilizing random sampling technique was used to recruit 103 consenting participants at the Kakamega county general hospital. Approximately 6mls of blood sample was collected and processed for biomarkers of hepatic, renal and cardiovascular function using spectrophotometry and florescence-immuno detection. Data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS ver. 22 software. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were done on categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis test on the continuous variables. A Bonferroni Post-hoc test was done to determine the differences between the groups.
Results: The study revealed a significant hepatic biomarker variability in gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) (P= 0.031), Total bilirubin (P< 0.0001), Direct bilirubin (P< 0.0001), albumin (P= 0.001) and Aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase (AST/ALT) ratio (P< 0.0001). Renal biomarkers including Urea (P= 0.002), potassium (P= 0.0012), sodium (P< 0.0001) and chloride (0.007) showed a significant variability in poor glycemic control. Additionally, Triglycerides (P< 0.0001) and total cholesterol (P= 0.046) levels were significantly elevated in poor glycemic control.
Conclusion: Poor glycemic control causes elevation in GGT, AST/ALT ratio, potassium, triglycerides and total cholesterol while bilirubin, albumin, sodium and chloride are reduced.
Exploring Natural Products to Control Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus through Targeting Advanced Glycation End Products
Authors: Dabla Pradeep Kumar , Shrivastav Dharmsheel , Ali Beg Mirza Masroor , Meng Qing
Published: August 2024

Objective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are the pressing global health issue, with advanced glycation end products (AGEs) playing a crucial role in its development. AGEs are harmful compounds formed through chronic exposure to elevated blood glucose levels and oxidative stress, both of which are prevalent in diabetes mellitus. These molecules have detrimental effects on vascular function, inflammation, and oxidative stress, exacerbating CVD progression. Conventional strategies for managing AGEs are often limited by side effects and insufficient efficacy, driving the need for alternative approaches. This review investigates the intricate relationship between AGEs, diabetes mellitus, and CVD, with a focus on the therapeutic potential of natural products-particularly phenolic compounds. The review explores how AGEs contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes-related complications and their impact on cardiovascular health. It examines the molecular mechanisms underlying AGE formation and the inhibitory effects of various natural compounds on this process. Additionally, the review assesses preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of these natural agents in mitigating AGE-induced damage. By highlighting the significant role of AGEs in diabetes and CVD, the study underscores the potential of natural products to counteract AGE accumulation. It provides an in-depth analysis of AGE biochemistry, their sources, and the effects of different natural products on AGE formation. The review concludes by emphasizing the promise of natural compounds in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and thereby lowering the risk of cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes. This comprehensive overview advocates for the integration of natural products into therapeutic strategies for managing AGE-mediated cardiovascular and diabetic conditions
Teacher Strategies through Blended Learning System to Foster Student Reading Skill at MTSN 1 Pasuruan
Authors: Putra Krisna Aditya
Published: August 2024

Learning strategies have an essential role in achieving learning objectives, especially in improving students' reading skills. The pandemic made the Government Issue new rules for implementing the learning system in the classroom using a blended learning system. This system also affects the teacher's teaching strategies as a facilitator in the classroom to help the process of students' thinking skills improve reading skills in a text or video. This research was conducted with the aim of; (1) identifying the teaching strategies carried out by teachers through a blended learning system to foster students' reading skills at MTsN 1 Pasuruan, (2) finding out the strengths and weaknesses in teaching reading skills through a blended learning system. In this research, the researcher uses a qualitative approach, and the type of research is a field study using three instruments: observation, interview, and documentation. The data obtained have been processed in several ways. The first is to reduce the data, the second is to display the data findings, and the last is to describe the conclusions. Participants in this study were English teachers of class VIII and class VIII students at MTsN 1 Pasuruan. This study indicates that three strategies are learning used by English teachers through a blended learning system, namely Question-Answer Relationships, Think aloud, and reciprocal teaching. As for the way the teachers implement strategies for the online teaching stage of the Question-answer relations teacher through WhatsApp and E-learning groups, and during the offline teaching stage, the teacher uses think aloud and reciprocal teaching in the classroom.
An Analysis of Students’ Reading Comprehension on Report Text Through QAR Strategy
Authors: Baihaqi Muhammad Zidane
Published: August 2024

This research is a classroom action research that conducted on IX grade students of BaniHasyim Singosari Islamic Junior High School as research subjects. The object of thisresearch is the students' understanding of English, students’ reading literation, and theQAR learning strategy. This research was carried out in one cycle, and each cycleconsisted of 4 stages, namely, planning, action, observation, and reflection. In this study,researchers used observation and tests as data collection methods and qualitativedescriptive analysis as data analysis methods. Data on student learning outcomes wasobtained by conducting pre-test and post-test. The criteria for success set out in this studyare the minimum grade point average equivalent to KKM = 75 and the minimum studentmotivation is high. The results showed 1. The students' reading comprehension andEnglish reading literacy increased with the criteria of at least good, 2. The ability andskills of teachers in English increased with the criteria of at least good, 3. 90% of theeighth grade students of SMP Islam Bani Hasyim already have individual mastery in theability to understand reading (reading comprehension) in English