bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy requirements for critically ill patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Burslem Ryan , Gottesman Kimberly , Newkirk Melanie , Ziegler Jane
Published: March 2022

Early reports suggested that predictive equations significantly underestimate the energy requirements of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) based on the results of indirect calorimetry (IC) measurements. IC is the gold standard for measuring energy expenditure in critically ill patients. However, IC is not available in many institutions. If predictive equations significantly underestimate energy requirements in severe COVID‐19, this increases the risk of underfeeding and malnutrition, which is associated with poorer clinical outcomes. As such, the purpose of this narrative review is to summarize and synthesize evidence comparing measured resting energy expenditure via IC with predicted resting energy expenditure determined via commonly used predictive equations in adult critically ill patients with COVID‐19. Five articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. Their results suggest that many critically ill patients with COVID‐19 are in a hypermetabolic state, which is underestimated by commonly used predictive equations in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. In nonobese patients, energy expenditure appears to progressively increase over the course of ICU admission, peaking at week 3. The metabolic response pattern in patients with obesity is unclear because of conflicting findings. Based on limited evidence published thus far, the most accurate predictive equations appear to be the Penn State equations; however, they still had poor individual accuracy overall, which increases the risk of underfeeding or overfeeding and, as such, renders the equations an unsuitable alternative to IC.
Predictors of thrombosis in children receiving therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Results from Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute ALL Consortium trial 05‐001
Authors: Athale Uma H. , Flamand Yael , Blonquist Traci , Stevenson Kristen E. , Spira Menachem , Asselin Barbara L. , Clavell Luis A. , Cole Peter D. , Kelly Kara M. , Laverdiere Caroline , Leclerc Jean‐Marie , Michon Bruno , Schorin Marshall A. , Welch Jennifer J.G. , Harris Marian H. , Neuberg Donna S. , Sallan Stephen E. , Silverman Lewis B.
Published: March 2022

Background/objectives

Although thromboembolism (TE) is a serious complication in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), thromboprophylaxis is not commonly used due to the inherent bleeding risk in this population. Identifying prothrombotic risk factors will help target thromboprophylaxis to those at highest thrombotic risk. We aimed to define predictors and the impact of TE on ALL outcome in children (1‐18 years) treated on the Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute ALL 05‐001 trial.

Methods

Clinical and laboratory data including TE events were prospectively collected. PCR‐based allelic discrimination assay identified single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for prothrombin G20210A (rs1799963) and Factor V G1691A (rs6025). Univariate and multivariable competing risk regression models evaluated the effect of diagnostic clinical (age, sex, body mass index, ALL‐immunophenotype, risk group) and laboratory variables (presenting leukocyte count, blood group, SNPs) on the cumulative incidence of TE. Cox regression modeling explored the impact of TE on survival.

Results

Of 794 patients [median age 4.97 (range, 1.04‐17.96) years; males 441], 100 developed TE; 25‐month cumulative incidence 13.0% (95% CI, 10.7%‐15.5%). Univariate analyses identified older age (≥10 years), presenting leucocyte count, T‐ALL, high‐risk ALL, and non‐O blood group as risk factors. Age and non‐O blood group were independent predictors of TE on multivariable regression; the blood group impact being most evident in patients 1‐5 years of age (P = 0.011). TE did not impact survival. Induction TE was independently associated with induction failure (OR 6.45; 95% CI, 1.64‐25.47; P = 0.008).

Conclusion

We recommend further evaluation of these risk factors and consideration of thromboprophylaxis for patients ≥10 years (especially those ≥15 years) when receiving asparaginase.
Characteristics of white blood cell count in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A COST LEGEND phenotype–genotype study
Authors: Helenius Marianne , Vaitkeviciene Goda , Abrahamsson Jonas , Jonsson Ólafur Gisli , Lund Bendik , Harila‐Saari Arja , Vettenranta Kim , Mikkel Sirje , Stanulla Martin , Lopez‐Lopez Elixabet , Waanders Esmé , Madsen Hans O. , Marquart Hanne Vibeke , Modvig Signe , Gupta Ramneek , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Nielsen Rikke Linnemann
Published: March 2022

Background

White blood cell count (WBC) as a measure of extramedullary leukemic cell survival is a well‐known prognostic factor in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but its biology, including impact of host genome variants, is poorly understood.

Methods

We included patients treated with the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO) ALL‐2008 protocol (N = 2347, 72% were genotyped by Illumina Omni2.5exome‐8‐Bead chip) aged 1–45 years, diagnosed with B‐cell precursor (BCP‐) or T‐cell ALL (T‐ALL) to investigate the variation in WBC. Spline functions of WBC were fitted correcting for association with age across ALL subgroups of immunophenotypes and karyotypes. The residuals between spline WBC and actual WBC were used to identify WBC‐associated germline genetic variants in a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) while adjusting for age and ALL subtype associations.

Results

We observed an overall inverse correlation between age and WBC, which was stronger for the selected patient subgroups of immunophenotype and karyotypes (ρBCP‐ALL = −.17, ρT‐ALL = −.19; p < 3 × 10−4). Spline functions fitted to age, immunophenotype, and karyotype explained WBC variation better than age alone (ρ = .43, p << 2 × 10−6). However, when the spline‐adjusted WBC residuals were used as phenotype, no GWAS significant associations were found. Based on available annotation, the top 50 genetic variants suggested effects on signal transduction, translation initiation, cell development, and proliferation.

Conclusion

These results indicate that host genome variants do not strongly influence WBC across ALL subsets, and future studies of why some patients are more prone to hyperleukocytosis should be performed within specific ALL subsets that apply more complex analyses to capture potential germline variant interactions and impact on WBC.
Upregulation of cadherin‐11 contributes to cholestatic liver fibrosis
Authors: Wu Bo , Tian Xinbei , Wang Weipeng , Zhu Jing , Lu Ying , Du Jun , Xiao Yongtao
Published: March 2022

Importance

Cadherin‐11 (CDH11), a cell‐to‐cell adhesion molecule, is implicated in the fibrotic process of several organs. Biliary atresia (BA) is a common cholestatic liver disease featuring cholestasis and progressive liver fibrosis in children. Cholestatic liver fibrosis may progress to liver cirrhosis and lacks effective therapeutic strategies. Currently, the role of CDH11 in cholestatic liver fibrosis remains unclear.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the functions of CDH11 in cholestatic liver fibrosis.

Methods

The expression of CDH11 in BA livers was evaluated by database analysis and immunostaining. Seven BA liver samples were used for immunostaining. The wild type (Wt) and CDH11 knockout (CDH11–/–) mice were subjected to bile duct ligation (BDL) to induce cholestatic liver fibrosis. The serum biochemical analysis, liver histology, and western blotting were used to assess the extent of liver injury and fibrosis as well as activation of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)/Smad pathway. The effect of CDH11 on the activation of hepatic stellate cell line LX‐2 cells was investigated.

Results

Analysis of public RNA‐seq datasets showed that CDH11 expression levels were significantly increased in livers of BA, and CDH11 was correlated with liver fibrosis in BA. BDL‐induced liver injury and liver fibrosis were attenuated in CDH11–/– mice compared to Wt mice. The protein expression levels of phosphorylated Smad2/3 were decreased in livers of CDH11–/– BDL mice compared to Wt BDL mice. CDH11 knockdown inhibited the activation of LX‐2 cells.

Interpretation

CDH11 plays an important role in cholestatic liver fibrosis and may represent a potential therapeutic target for cholestatic liver disease, such as BA.
Activation and Deactivation of Silicon Surface Passivation by Niobium Oxide Films
Authors: Yu Guoqiang , Liu Can , Gao Haiqi , Wang Tao , Wu Xiaoping , Lin Ping , Xu Lingbo , Cui Can , Yu Xuegong , Wang Peng
Published: March 2022

Niobium oxide (Nb2O5) films can provide excellent passivation for crystalline silicon (c‐Si) surface after postdeposition annealing, however, its kinetic behavior and mechanism have not been explored. Herein, it is demonstrated that surface passivation by solution‐processed Nb2O5 films can be activated by low‐temperature annealing (<200 °C) within several minutes, with the activation energy of 0.40 and 0.57 eV for hydrofluoric acid (HF) and RCA pretreated surfaces, respectively. Moreover, passivation is deactivated by higher‐temperature annealing (>350 °C), with the deactivation energy of 0.86 and 1.06 eV for HF and RCA pretreated surfaces, respectively. The results combined with surface‐sensitive X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements indicate that the passivation kinetics of Nb2O5 on the surface of c‐Si are strongly related to the diffusion of hydrogen into and out of the Nb2O5/c‐Si interface.
Distributed neuroadaptive monitoring fault‐tolerant consensus control for nonlinear multi‐agent systems with actuator faults
Authors: Ma Xiaoshan , Yang Lin , Ma Linru , Yang Feng , Dong Wenhan , Zhang Long , Jin Ming , Lin Yan
Published: March 2022

This article proposes a distributed neuroadaptive monitoring fault‐tolerant consensus control scheme for a class of uncertain, nonlinear, strict feedback multi‐agent systems which have actuator faults and all the control coefficients in them are unknown. This scheme provides each agent with a local monitor combined with the actuator switching to solve actuator failure. Simultaneously, it guarantees the tracking error satisfies the prescribed transient and steady‐state performance, even if there exist actuators switching. Furthermore, the time varying asymmetric Barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) and the auxiliary system are used to analyze input and output constraints' influence. Under the action of aforementioned control scheme, closed‐loop systems can be stable and semiglobal uniform boundedness. Additionally, its efficacy can be proved in numerical simulation.
Learn how to better position yourself to make the transition into a faculty role
Authors: Tolman Steven , Calhoun Daniel W.
Published: March 2022

As the needs of college students evolve, so do the requirements for student affairs professionals looking to advance to senior‐level positions. A quick glance at HigherEdJobs.com or The Chronicle of Higher Education reveals that, for many director, dean, and vice president positions, a terminal degree (Ed.D. or Ph.D.) is required.
Affinity groups foster engagement with families
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: March 2022

Keeping your students’ parents/families engaged with your institution can play a critical role in student success.
Challenge and Strategies in Room Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries: A Comparison with Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Lin Liang , Zhang Chengkun , Huang Youzhang , Zhuang Yangping , Fan Mengjian , Lin Jie , Wang Laisen , Xie Qingshui , Peng Dong‐Liang
Published: March 2022

Metal–sulfur batteries exhibit great potential as next‐generation rechargeable batteries due to the low sulfur cost and high theoretical energy density. Sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries present higher feasibility of long‐term development than lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries in technoeconomic and geopolitical terms. Both lithium and sodium are alkali metal elements with body‐centered cubic structures, leading to similar physical and chemical properties and exposing similar issues when employed as the anode in metal–sulfur batteries. Indeed, some inspiration for mechanism researches and strategies in Na–S systems comes from the more mature Li–S systems. However, the dissimilarities in microscopic characteristics determine that Na–S is not a direct Li–S analogue. Herein, the daunting challenges derived by the differences of fundamental characteristics in Na–S and Li–S systems are discussed. And the corresponding strategies in Na–S batteries are reviewed. Finally, general conclusions and perspectives toward the research direction are presented based on the dissimilarities between both systems. This review attempts to provide important insights to facilitate the assimilation of the available knowledge on Li–S systems for accelerating the development of Na–S batteries on the basis of their dissimilarities.
Deep Learning‐Assisted Automated Single Cell Electroporation Platform for Effective Genetic Manipulation of Hard‐to‐Transfect Cells
Authors: Mukherjee Prithvijit , Patino Cesar A. , Pathak Nibir , Lemaitre Vincent , Espinosa Horacio D.
Published: March 2022

Genome engineering of cells using CRISPR/Cas systems has opened new avenues for pharmacological screening and investigating the molecular mechanisms of disease. A critical step in many such studies is the intracellular delivery of the gene editing machinery and the subsequent manipulation of cells. However, these workflows often involve processes such as bulk electroporation for intracellular delivery and fluorescence activated cell sorting for cell isolation that can be harsh to sensitive cell types such as human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). This often leads to poor viability and low overall efficacy, requiring the use of large starting samples. In this work, a fully automated version of the nanofountain probe electroporation (NFP‐E) system, a nanopipette‐based single‐cell electroporation method is presented that provides superior cell viability and efficiency compared to traditional methods. The automated system utilizes a deep convolutional network to identify cell locations and a cell‐nanopipette contact algorithm to position the nanopipette over each cell for the application of electroporation pulses. The automated NFP‐E is combined with microconfinement arrays for cell isolation to demonstrate a workflow that can be used for CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and cell tracking with potential applications in screening studies and isogenic cell line generation.
Biuret Induced Tin‐Anchoring and Crystallization‐Regulating for Efficient Lead‐Free Tin Halide Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Jia Haoran , Shi Hongfei , Yu Runnan , Ma Huanyu , Wang Zhibin , Zou Chao , Tan Zhan'ao
Published: March 2022

Lead‐free perovskite emitters, particularly 2D tin (Sn) halide perovskites, have attracted considerable academic attention in recent years. However, the problems of Sn oxidation and rapid crystallization lead to an inferior perovskite morphology with high trap states, thus limiting the luminous efficiency of Sn halide perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). In this study, the authors establish an approach by introducing an organic additive, 2–imidodicarbonic diamide (biuret), to address the issues of Sn oxidation and fast crystallization. The unique symmetrical carbonyl groups in the biuret robustly interact with the Sn‐I framework, providing a strong Sn‐anchoring effect. Consequently, it also suppresses the easy oxidation of Sn2+, regulating the crystallization process simultaneously. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations also confirmed the robust interaction between the biuret and the 2D Sn halide perovskite. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate efficient PeLEDs with saturated red emission at 637 nm, a maximum luminance (Lmax) of 418 cd m−2, a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 1.37%, and a half‐life (T50) of 288 s. This work provides insights on the microcosmic chemical interaction between organics and 2D Sn halide perovskites, advancing the development of efficient lead‐free PeLEDs.
Sticking Together: Injectable Granular Hydrogels with Increased Functionality via Dynamic Covalent Inter‐Particle Crosslinking
Authors: Muir Victoria G. , Qazi Taimoor H. , Weintraub Shoshana , Torres Maldonado Bryan O. , Arratia Paulo E. , Burdick Jason A.
Published: March 2022

Granular hydrogels are an exciting class of microporous and injectable biomaterials that are being explored for many biomedical applications, including regenerative medicine, 3D printing, and drug delivery. Granular hydrogels often possess low mechanical moduli and lack structural integrity due to weak physical interactions between microgels. This has been addressed through covalent inter‐particle crosslinking; however, covalent crosslinking often occurs through temporal enzymatic methods or photoinitiated reactions, which may limit injectability and material processing. To address this, a hyaluronic acid (HA) granular hydrogel is developed with dynamic covalent (hydrazone) inter‐particle crosslinks. Extrusion fragmentation is used to fabricate microgels from photocrosslinkable norbornene‐modified HA, additionally modified with either aldehyde or hydrazide groups. Aldehyde and hydrazide‐containing microgels are mixed and jammed to form adhesive granular hydrogels. These granular hydrogels possess enhanced mechanical integrity and shape stability over controls due to the covalent inter‐particle bonds, while maintaining injectability due to the dynamic hydrazone bonds. The adhesive granular hydrogels are applied to 3D printing, which allows the printing of structures that are stable without any further post‐processing. Additionally, the authors demonstrate that adhesive granular hydrogels allow for cell invasion in vitro. Overall, this work demonstrates the use of dynamic covalent inter‐particle crosslinking to enhance injectable granular hydrogels.
Magnetic‐Flow‐Thermal Characteristics of An Innovative Four‐Channel Induction Heating Tundish
Authors: Chen Xiqing , Xiao Hong , Wang Pu , He Hao , Tang Haiyan , Zhang Jiaquan
Published: March 2022

Based on the coupled magnetic‐flow‐thermal model, the electromagnetic, fluid flow, and heat transfer characteristics of the conventional dual‐channel and the newly designed four‐channel tundish are numerically simulated and analyzed under induction heating (IH) with the ampere‐turn (AT) numbers of 0, 3.66 × 104 and 4.76 × 104. The results indicate that the impinging velocity of molten steel on the wall of the four‐channel tundish is lower than that of the dual‐channel regardless of whether the induction heating is turned on or not. Meanwhile, the four‐channel tundish can supply excellent consistency of flow and temperature for each strand under the given heating parameters of 0, 3.66 × 104, and 4.76 × 104 AT. Under the condition of 4.76 × 104 AT, the standard deviation of average residence time is only 18 s, and the maximum temperature difference of each strand is only 0.1 K after 2400 s for IH. Additionally, to provide the same temperature rising rate for the molten steel in the tundish, the AT number of 4.76 × 104 is required for the dual‐channel structure while 3.66 × 104 for the four‐channel one. It means that the four‐channel tundish not only significantly improves the consistency of each strand, but also increases the electric–thermal energy conversion efficiency.
Anticipation of the compressive strength of steel fiber‐reinforced concrete by different types of artificial intelligence methods
Authors: Pazouki Gholamreza , Pourghorban Arash
Published: March 2022

Although concrete is one of the most prevalent materials in the world, it has a main flaw that is fragility, and this flaw stands out especially in strain. One way for improving the fragility property of the concrete is to add the amount of steel fiber to the concrete mixture. Adding steel fiber to the concrete mixture will not only improve the brittleness of concrete but also enhance other mechanical properties including compressive strength (which is one of the most important properties of the concrete). Determining the compressive strength of steel fiber‐reinforced concrete (SFRC) is a costly and time‐consuming procedure and can have an impact on the environment. So, reliable alternative method(s) for determining the value of this property is needed. However, the development of a technique for predicting the compressive strength of SFRC is at an initial level in comparison with the normal concrete because of its complexity and limited available data. In this study, three artificial intelligence methods such as radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), artificial neural network, and adaptive‐neuro fuzzy inference system have been proposed for predicting the compressive strength of SFRC. In this regard, 230 data have been collected from previous studies for introduction to the models. In addition, the performance of the models was investigated by comparing the model's results with experimental data. Moreover, the statistical parameters have been used for assessing the performances of the models and comparing the ability and accuracy of the models with each other. In this study, the values of statistical parameters show that all three models have a good ability for predicting the compressive strength of SFRC, and the accuracies of the models are acceptable. Overall, based on the values of statistical parameters like the Pearson correlation coefficient (which is 0.97 for all data of the RBFNN model), and the amount of time required by the model to get the results, the RBFNN model has been considered as the best model for predicting the compressive strength of SFRC.
Perceptions, attitudes and practices regarding canine zoonotic helminthiases among dog owners in Nyagatare district, Rwanda
Authors: Ntampaka Pie , Niragire François , Nkurunziza Vincent , Uwizeyimana Gisele , Shyaka Anselme
Published: March 2022

Background

Despite their importance to society, dogs are susceptible to various helminths. This study aimed to understand perceptions, attitudes and practices (PAP) regarding canine zoonotic helminthiases (CZH) among dog owners in Rwanda.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was carried out in Nyagatare district of Rwanda, where 203 dog owners were randomly selected and interviewed. To analyse this study's data, we used frequency distributions, chi‐square test of association and binary logistic regression model.

Results

Overall, 75.9% and 30% of the respondents were aware of canine and human helminthiases, respectively. Around 74.4% knew that dogs source helminthiases from eating raw infected meat. Also, 74.4% knew vomiting, diarrhoea and swelling of the belly as clinical signs of the helminthiases. Around 58.6% washed hands with soap and water after handling a dog. Only 17.2% and 15.5% dewormed the dogs and treated them against ectoparasites using conventional anthelmintics and acaricides manufactured for dogs, respectively. Of all respondents, 33% held genuine perceptions, while 78.3% and 25.1% adopted positive attitudes and appropriate practices about CZH, respectively. The respondents’ educational level and length of dog ownership correlated with their perceptions and practices about CZH, respectively, while sources of information on CZH influenced their PAP of such infections. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of having genuine perceptions and positive attitudes were more than 82% lower among those who sourced the information from neighbours & colleagues compared to those who gathered it through reading. Again, the length of dog ownership (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.15–0.90) correlated with the respondent's practices about CZH.

Conclusions

Only 33% and 25.1% of the respondents held genuine perceptions and adopted positive attitudes regarding CZH, respectively. The findings indicate increased zoonotic helminths in dogs, possible spillover in humans and anthelmintic resistance. Therefore, awareness campaigns are needed to upgrade dog owners’ knowledge of the zoonotic helminthiases in dogs in Nyagatare district.
Complete dominant inheritance of intracellular leucine accumulation traits in polyploid yeasts
Authors: Fukuda Nobuo , Takeuchi Mio
Published: March 2022

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used for ethanol production. In the production of alcoholic beverages, flavours are affected mainly by yeast metabolism in the fermentation process. To increase the contents of initial scented fruity flavours, such as isoamyl alcohol and isoamyl acetate, leucine accumulation in yeast cells is induced by a decrease of leucine feedback inhibition in the l‐leucine synthetic pathway using conventional mutagenesis. Diploid strains are commonly used in sake brewing because of better fermentation performance, such as vitality and endurance, compared with those of haploid strains. Heterozygous mutations are mostly detected in target genes of brewing yeasts generated through mutation breeding. Here we describe that an allele of the LEU4 gene, LEU4G516S, dominantly induced leucine accumulation even in triploid and tetraploid yeasts as with in diploid yeasts. Importantly, we demonstrated that there is no difference in the intracellular amount of branched‐chain amino acids between LEU4G516S/LEU4 heterozygous diploids and LEU4G516S/LEU4G516S homozygous diploids. The approach to increase isoamyl alcohol and isoamyl acetate by intracellular leucine accumulation can potentially be applied to a variety of yeast strains, including aneuploid and polyploid yeasts.
Diasporic Viewing of Korean TV
Authors: Yoon Kyong
Published: March 2022

The young Korean Canadians’ diasporic viewing of Korean TV reveals how Hallyu media is integrated into viewers’ everyday contexts. In the midst of White-dominant media representation, the increasing global popularity of Korean TV may provide the diasporic youth with an option for exploring how they can critically navigate between different cultural texts and contexts. Narrative Hallyu media and its storytelling allow the young people to identify themselves with the distant (ancestral) homeland and furthermore to engage with non-Western storytelling and representation without self-monitoring and feelings of marginalization.
Conclusion: Diasporizing Hallyu
Authors: Yoon Kyong
Published: March 2022

While Hallyu media itself may not be inherently counter-hegemonic, the diasporic audiences’ critical engagement with the Korean Wave may enhance transnational Korean media’s potential to challenge the dominant mediascape. The diasporic dimensions of Hallyu contribute to questioning the hegemonic forces that intensify the nationalistic and/or Westernizing processes of this transnational cultural trend. In response to the recent rise of Hallyu, diasporic young Korean Canadians engage with this cultural wave and negotiate different identity positions, associated with hereandthere.
Gymnasium und FMS als Zubringer zur Primarlehrpersonenbildung
Authors: Hafner Sandra
Published: March 2022

Dieses Kapitel beginnt mit einer kurzen Darstellung des Status quo der Ausbildung von Primarlehrpersonen in der Schweiz und den entsprechenden Zulassungsbedingungen. Anschließend folgt mit Blick auf die erste Fragestellung nach dem Institutionalisierungsprozess der FMS Pädagogik der aktuelle Stand der empirischen Forschung zur historischen Entwicklung der FMS und des Gymnasiums als Zugangswege zur tertiarisierten Lehrpersonenbildung. Danach werden die beiden untersuchten Profile – die FMS Pädagogik und das musisch-pädagogische Gymnasialprofil – in ihren Grundzügen erläutert und ein aktueller Forschungsüberblick präsentiert.
Methodologie, Forschungsdesign und Methoden
Authors: Hafner Sandra
Published: March 2022

Im folgenden Kapitel wird ausgeführt, wie die Theorieperspektive der EC in dieser Studie methodologisch und forschungspraktisch umgesetzt wurde. Dazu wird die Auswahl und Beschaffenheit der empirischen Datenbasis sowie der zu untersuchenden Fälle und Erhebungseinheiten erläutert und vor dem Hintergrund der bisherigen empirischen Forschung sowie der Theorieperspektive der EC begründet. Es werden die zur Anwendung gekommenen methodischen Werkzeuge respektive Strategien der Datenerhebung und -analyse skizziert, begründet und ein Einblick in die konkrete Forschungspraxis gegeben.
Diskussion und Fazit
Authors: Hafner Sandra
Published: March 2022

In diesem Kapitel wird a) die historische Bedeutung der FMS Pädagogik und des musisch-pädagogischen Gymnasialprofils, b) ihre aktuelle quantitative Bedeutung sowie c) ihre Bedeutung aus einer qualitativen Perspektive im Rahmen der drei kantonalen Fallstudien zusammenfassend und mit Blick auf die formulierten Arbeitshypothesen präsentiert. Im Anschluss werden die Ergebnisse in bestehende empirische Forschung eingeordnet und der konventionentheoretische Rahmen der Studie reflektiert. Ebenso werden die Grenzen der Studie sowie ihre wissenschaftliche und praktische Relevanz diskutiert. Abschließend erfolgt ein Ausblick und die Formulierung weiterer Forschungsdesiderata.
Using Social Media in Open, Distance, and Digital Education
Authors: Bozkurt Aras
Published: March 2022

The technology used by Open, Distance, and Digital Education (ODDE) to deliver educational content includes social media (SM), which provides many opportunities to support learning in ODDE processes. This book chapter explains the use of SM in educational processes and the use of SM as a web-based educational technology, focusing specifically on the development of web technologies and SM from the perspective of ODDE. Furthermore, the chapter explores the affordances and limitations of SM through theoretical/conceptual lenses to better understand social media and its use in ODDE. In examining the research patterns on SM, four themes emerged, suggesting SM supports ODDE learning through: (1) social communication, interaction, and collaboration in online learning communities, (2) improved engagement, motivation, and satisfaction of learners, (3) functionality as an alternative learning management system for blended courses in higher education, and (4) facilitation of networked and connectivist informal learning. With its many social features, SM can be used to assist both formal and informal learning, but there still are some issues to resolve before ODDE can fully adopt it.
Off-equilibrium non-Gaussian fluctuations near the QCD critical point: an effective field theory perspective
Authors: Sogabe Noriyuki , Yin Yi
Published: March 2022

Abstract

The non-Gaussian fluctuations of baryon density are sensitive to the presence of the conjectured QCD critical point. Their observational consequences are crucial for the ongoing experimental search for this critical point through the beam energy scan program at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). In the expanding fireball created in a heavy-ion collision, critical fluctuations would inescapably fall out of equilibrium and require a systematic description within a dynamical framework. In this paper, we employ newly developed effective field theory (EFT) for fluctuating hydrodynamics to study the real-time critical non-Gaussian fluctuations of a conserved charge density. In particular, we derive the evolution equations for multi-point correlators of density fluctuations and obtain the closed-form solutions with arbitrary initial conditions that can readily be implemented in realistic simulations for heavy-ion collisions. We find that non-linear interactions among noise fields, which are missing in traditional stochastic hydrodynamics, could potentially contribute to the quartic (fourth-order) fluctuations in the scaling regime even at tree level in off-equilibrium situations.
Integrands of less-supersymmetric Yang-Mills at one loop
Authors: Bourjaily Jacob L. , Herrmann Enrico , Langer Cameron , Patatoukos Kokkimidis , Trnka Jaroslav , Zheng Minshan
Published: March 2022

Abstract

We construct a prescriptive, bubble power-counting basis of one-loop integrands suitable for representing amplitude integrands in less-supersymmetric (1 ≤$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
≤ 4) Yang-Mills theory. With the exception of massless bubbles, all integrands have unambiguous, leading singularities as coefficients defined in field theory; for the massless bubbles on external legs, we find two natural choices which lead to different integrands that highlight distinct aspects of field theory. For concreteness, we give the all-multiplicity integrands for MHV amplitudes, and the split-helicity amplitude integrand for six-particle NMHV. The basis we construct is mostly pure and is divided into to separately UV- and IR-finite sectors of fixed transcendental weight, resulting in UV- and IR-finite ratio functions of n-particle helicity amplitudes.
An Operator Product Expansion for Form Factors III. Finite Coupling and Multi-Particle Contributions
Authors: Sever Amit , Tumanov Alexander G. , Wilhelm Matthias
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Form factors in planar 𝒩 = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory have a dual description in terms of periodic Wilson loops. This duality maps the multi-collinear expansion of the former to an operator product expansion of the latter. The coefficients of this expansion are decomposed in terms of several elementary building blocks and can be determined at finite ’t Hooft coupling using bootstrap and integrability techniques. Some of these building blocks are known from an analogous expansion of scattering amplitudes. In addition to these, the expansion for form factors includes a new type of building block, called form factor transitions, that encode information about the local operator. In the present paper, we consider the form factor of the chiral part of the stress-tensor supermultiplet. We bootstrap the corresponding form factor transitions of two-particle flux-tube states and use them to predict the leading term in the collinear expansion at finite coupling. The transitions we find can be expressed in terms of a quantity that previously appeared in a seemingly unrelated context, namely the octagon kernel. Lastly, we use a factorized ansatz to determine the multi-particle form factor transitions at finite coupling, which we use to predict the first subleading term in the collinear expansion. A perfect match is found between our predictions and the available perturbative data.
On-shell Higgsing for EFTs
Authors: Balkin Reuven , Durieux Gauthier , Kitahara Teppei , Shadmi Yael , Weiss Yaniv
Published: March 2022

Abstract

We study the on-shell version of the Higgs mechanism in effective theories (EFTs) containing particles of different spins, focusing on contact terms as a simple starting point. We derive the massive contact terms and their coefficients from the massless amplitudes of the EFT above the symmetry breaking scale, by covariantizing the massless contact terms under the massive little group. In the little-group-covariant massive-spinor formalism, this notationally amounts to bolding spinor labels. Mass-suppressed contributions to the contact-term coefficients arise from higher-point contact terms with additional soft Higgs legs. We apply this procedure to obtain massive four-point amplitudes featuring scalars, spin 1/2 fermions and vectors, in the standard-model EFT. The subleading helicity-flipped components of each massive contact term, which are dictated by little-group covariance, are associated with the residues of factorizable massless amplitudes. Extra “frozen” Higgses emitted from each leg of a massless contact term supply the additional light-like momentum component, needed to form a massive leg of the same polarization. As another application, we derive various components of massive three-point amplitudes from massless amplitudes with up to three additional Higgses, in a standard-model-like toy model.
Characteristic classes for families of bundles
Authors: Berglund Alexander
Published: March 2022

The generalized Miller–Morita–Mumford classes of a manifold bundle with fiberMdepend only on the underlying$$\tau _M$$τM-fibration, meaning the family of vector bundles formed by the tangent bundles of the fibers. This motivates a closer study of the classifying space for$$\tau _M$$τM-fibrations,$$Baut(\tau _M)$$Baut(τM), and its cohomology ring, i.e., the ring of characteristic classes of$$\tau _M$$τM-fibrations. For a bundle$$\xi $$ξover a simply connected Poincaré duality space, we construct a relative Sullivan model for the universal$$\xi $$ξ-fibration with holonomy in a given connected monoid, together with explicit cocycle representatives for the characteristic classes of the canonical bundle over its total space. This yields tools for computing the rational cohomology ring of$$Baut(\xi )$$Baut(ξ)as well as the subring generated by the generalized Miller–Morita–Mumford classes. To illustrate, we carry out sample computations for spheres and complex projective spaces. We discuss applications to tautological rings of simply connected manifolds and to the problem of deciding whether a given$$\tau _M$$τM-fibration comes from a manifold bundle.
Twenty years of experience of a tertiary cancer center in total body irradiation with focus on oncological outcome and secondary malignancies
Authors: Sieker Katharina , Fleischmann Maximilian , Trommel Martin , Ramm Ulla , Licher Jörg , Bug Gesine , Martin Hans , Serve Hubert , Rödel Claus , Balermpas Panagiotis
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Total body irradiation (TBI) is a common part of the myelo- and immuno-ablative conditioning regimen prior to an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Due to concerns regarding acute and long-term complications, there is currently a decline in otherwise successfully established TBI-based conditioning regimens. Here we present an analysis of patient and treatment data with focus on survival and long-term toxicity.

Methods

Patients with hematologic diseases who received TBI as part of their conditioning regimen prior to allo-HSCT at Frankfurt University Hospital between 1997 and 2015 were identified and retrospectively analyzed.

Results

In all, 285 patients with a median age of 45 years were identified. Median radiotherapy dose applied was 10.5 Gy. Overall survival at 1, 2, 5, and 10 years was 72.6, 64.6, 54.4, and 51.6%, respectively. Median follow-up of patients alive was 102 months. The cumulative incidence of secondary malignancies was 12.3% (n = 35), with hematologic malignancies and skin cancer predominating. A TBI dose ≥ 8 Gy resulted in significantly improved event-free (p = 0.030) and overall survival (p = 0.025), whereas a total dose ≤ 8 Gy and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) diagnosis were associated with significantly increased rates of secondary malignancies (p = 0.003, p = 0.048) in univariate analysis. No significant correlation was observed between impaired renal or pulmonary function and TBI dose.

Conclusion

TBI remains an effective and well-established treatment, associated with distinct late-toxicity. However, in the present study we cannot confirm a dose–response relationship in intermediate dose ranges. Survival, occurrence of secondary malignancies, and late toxicities appear to be subject to substantial confounding in this context.
Identification of PDXDC1 as a novel pleiotropic susceptibility locus shared between lumbar spine bone mineral density and birth weight
Authors: Song Yu-Qian , Hu Shi-Di , Lin Xu , Meng Xiang-He , Wang Xiao , Zhang Yin-Hua , Peng Cheng , Gong Rui , Xu Tao , Zhang Tong , Li Chen-Zhong , Pan Dao-Yan , Yang Jia-Yi , Greenbaum Jonathan , Shen Jie , Deng Hong-Wen
Published: March 2022

An increasing number of epidemiological studies have suggested that birth weight (BW) may be a determinant of bone health later in life, although the underlying genetic mechanism remains unclear. Here, we applied a pleiotropic conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) approach to the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS BMD) and BW, aiming to identify novel susceptibility variants shared between these two traits. We detected 5 novel potential pleiotropic loci which are located at or near 7 different genes (NTAN1, PDXDC1, CACNA1G, JAG1, FAT1P1, CCDC170, ESR1), among which PDXDC1 and FAT1P1 have not previously been linked to these phenotypes. To partially validate the findings, we demonstrated that the expression of PDXDC1 was dramatically reduced in ovariectomized (OVX) mice in comparison with sham-operated (SHAM) mice in both the growth plate and trabecula bone. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry assay with serial sections showed that both osteoclasts and osteoblasts express PDXDC1, supporting its potential role in bone metabolism. In conclusion, our study provides insights into some shared genetic mechanisms for BMD and BW as well as a novel potential therapeutic target for the prevention of OP in the early stages of the disease development.

Key messages

We investigated pleiotropy-informed enrichment between LS BMD and BW.

We identified genetic variants related to both LS BMD and BW by utilizing a cFDR approach.

PDXDC1 is a novel pleiotropic gene which may be related to both LS BMD and BW.

Elevated expression of PDXDC1 is related to higher BMD and lower ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA indicating a bone protective effect of PDXDC1.
Isolierter traumatischer Innenmeniskuswurzelabriss des jungen Erwachsenen
Authors: Tenfelde Oliver , Balke Maurice , Fink Markus , Höher Jürgen
Published: March 2022

Es wird der Fall einer isolierten Wurzelverletzung des Innenmeniskushinterhorns bei einer 20-jährigen Patientin nach Sprung von einem 2,5 m hohen Turm geschildert. Die Therapie bestand in der arthroskopischen Refixation der Hinterhornwurzel mittels transtibialer Auszugsnaht. Postoperativ wurde eine Teilbelastung und Begrenzung der Beugung auf 90° für 6 Wochen verordnet. Nach 4 Monaten war die Patientin wieder sportlich voll belastbar mit nur marginalen funktionellen Defiziten im Rahmen einer Return-to-sport-Testung. Eine Kontroll-Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) zeigte eine gute Einheilung der Meniskushinterhornwurzel ohne Zeichen einer Extrusion. Isolierte traumatische Wurzelverletzungen der Menisken bei jungen Patient:innen sind selten, weisen allerdings eine gute und rasche Heilungstendenz auf, wenn diese frühzeitig erkannt und operativ adressiert werden.
A structural discrete size and topology optimization method with extended approximation concepts
Authors: Fu Jiayi , Huang Hai
Published: March 2022

This work focused on the discrete size and topology optimization problems for the structures that could be composed of bars, beams, plates, or a combination of them. A corresponding optimization method was put forward based on the approximate concepts that were extended from the one applied in the previous engineering method. In the proposed method, the primal problem was firstly transformed into a series of explicitly approximate problems involving both 0/1 topology and discrete size variables with the extended approximate concepts. 0/1 topology variables were determined with a genetic algorithm (GA), and the corresponding discrete size variables were optimized after determining 0/1 topology variables. In size optimization, the variables were firstly supposed as continuous and determined, as $${\overline{\mathbf{X}}}^{{\left( {\mathbf{p}} \right)}}$$

X
¯

p

, with a dual method through the second-level approximate problems. Then the available discrete size values adjacent to $${\overline{\mathbf{X}}}^{{\left( {\mathbf{p}} \right)}}$$

X
¯

p

were selected from the original discrete set, and the size variables could be further determined from these values with a GA. Structural analyses were only conducted before establishing the approximate problems in iteration cycles. Numerical examples were given to illustrate the performance of this method, and the results indicate that this method is quite efficient for the discrete size and topology optimization problem.
On the deformation dependency of the diffusion flux in solids at large deformations
Authors: Voges Jannik , Duvigneau Fabian , Juhre Daniel
Published: March 2022

In material modeling, when dealing with diffusion at large deformations, there are usually two different variants for the diffusion flux: an isotropic law in the current placement and an isotropic law in the reference placement. The first one causes diffusion behavior, which is independent from the initial shape of the body, i.e., it causes a deformation-independent behavior. The second one relates the diffusion solely to the initial shape of the body, which results in a deformation-dependent behavior in the current state. In most of the works in the literature, one of these two possible formulations is chosen arbitrarily. While the modern description of diffusion at large deformations mostly evolved in the last two decades, to our best knowledge, there are no works which discuss or motivate the choice for one of these two versions really in detail. In the present article, we approach the motivation for the choice of the two different types of diffusion flux formulations. We illustrate their characteristics and discuss their application under different circumstances. It is important to note that the deformation dependency which arises from choosing the isotropic reference placement formulation is quite specific and strongly differs from the actual behavior of many materials. We investigate such a case with a more individual deformation dependency based on a very simple artificial microstructure. We determine the properties on the macroscale using representative volume elements within numerical homogenization.
Acromioclavicular joint suture button repair leads to coracoclavicular tunnel widening
Authors: Dalos D. , Huber G. , Wichern Y. , Sellenschloh K. , Püschel K. , Mader K. , Morlock M. M. , Frosch K. H. , Klatte T. O.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Biomechanical evaluation of three different suture button devices used in acromioclavicular joint repair and analysis of their effect on post-testing tunnel widening.

Methods

Eighteen human shoulder girdles were assigned into three groups with a similar mean bone mineral density. Three different single-tunnel acromioclavicular repair devices were tested: (1) AC TightRope® with FiberWire; (2) AC Dog Bone™ Button with FiberTape; (3) Low Profile AC Repair System. Biomechanical testing was performed simulating the complex movement of the distal clavicle as follows. A vertical load of 80 N was applied continuously. The rotation of the clavicle about its long axis was set at 10° anterior and 30° posterior for 2500 cycles at 0.25 Hz. The horizontal translation of the clavicle was set at 6 mm medial and 6 mm lateral for 10,000 cycles at 1 Hz. The coracoclavicular distance was measured before and after testing. After testing, each sample underwent micro-CT analysis. Following 3D reconstruction, the area of the bone tunnels was measured at five defined cross sections.

Results

In TightRope® and Dog Bone™ groups, all samples completed testing, whereas in the Low Profile group, three out of six samples showed system failure. The mean absolute difference of coracoclavicular distance after testing was significantly greater in the Low Profile group compared to TightRope® and Dog Bone™ groups (4.3 ± 1.3 mm vs 1.9 ± 0.7 mm vs 1.9 ± 0.8 mm; p = 0.001). Micro-CT analysis of the specimens demonstrated significant tunnel widening in the inferior clavicular and superior coracoid regions in all three groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Significant tunnel widening can be observed for all devices and is primarily found in the inferior parts of the clavicle and superior parts of the coracoid. The Low Profile AC Repair System showed inferior biomechanical properties compared to the AC TightRope® and AC Dog Bone™ devices. Therefore, clinicians should carefully select the type of acromioclavicular repair device used and need to consider tunnel widening as a complication.