bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Type 2 Diabetes With Partial Lipodystrophy of the Limbs
Authors: Strickland Leah R. , Guo Fangjian , Lok Kerry , Garvey W. Timothy
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE

Lipodystrophies are categorized by the extent of fat loss (generalized vs. partial) and by inheritance (congenital vs. acquired). We examined whether a group of patients with partial lipodystrophy of the limbs (PLL), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and an absence of a family history of lipodystrophy constitute a new clinical subtype.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Ten women with T2DM and PLL were identified in academic diabetes clinics and were matched by age, sex, BMI, ethnicity, and diabetes status with 10 women with control T2DM without lipodystrophy. All patients were characterized by clinical evaluation and hyperinsulinemic clamp.

RESULTS

Patients with T2DM and PLL exhibited symmetrical loss of subcutaneous fat in forearms, or forearms plus calves, and acanthosis nigricans. Maximally stimulated glucose disposal rates were markedly reduced by 56% in the T2DM with PLL group compared with the control T2DM patients, whether normalized by body weight or surface area. Most PLL patients exhibited little or no insulin-mediated glucose uptake after subtraction of non-insulin–mediated glucose uptake. The T2DM with PLL group also had greater elevations in hepatic transaminases and triglycerides and earlier onset of diabetes compared with control T2DM.

CONCLUSIONS

T2DM with PLL represents a previously unrecognized phenotype of lipodystrophy and of T2DM. These T2DM patients exhibit symmetrical lipodystrophy of the distal limbs, acanthosis nigricans, marked insulin resistance with little insulin-mediated glucose uptake, hypertriglyceridemia, and hepatic transaminase elevations, which are greater in severity than observed in patients with common T2DM.
Mercury Exposure in Young Adulthood and Incidence of Diabetes Later in Life
Authors: He Ka , Xun Pengcheng , Liu Kiang , Morris Steve , Reis Jared , Guallar Eliseo
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE

Laboratory studies suggest that exposure to methylmercury at a level similar to those found in fish may induce pancreatic islet β-cell dysfunction. Few, if any, human studies have examined the association between mercury exposure and diabetes incidence. We examined whether toenail mercury levels are associated with incidence of diabetes in a large prospective cohort.

RESEACH DESIGN AND METHODS

A prospective cohort of 3,875 American young adults, aged 20–32 years, free of diabetes in 1987 (baseline), were enrolled and followed six times until 2005. Baseline toenail mercury levels were measured with instrumental neutron-activation analysis. Incident diabetes was identified by plasma glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance tests, hemoglobin A1C levels, and/or antidiabetes medications.

RESULTS

A total of 288 incident cases of diabetes occurred over 18 years of follow-up. In multivariate analyses adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, study center, education, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, family history of diabetes, intakes of long-chain n-3 fatty acids and magnesium, and toenail selenium, toenail mercury levels were positively associated with the incidence of diabetes. The hazard ratio (95% CI) of incident diabetes compared the highest to the lowest quintiles of mercury exposure was 1.65 (1.07–2.56; P for trend = 0.02). Higher mercury exposure at baseline was also significantly associated with decreased homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function index (P for trend < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Our results are consistent with findings from laboratory studies and provide longitudinal human data suggesting that people with high mercury exposure in young adulthood may have elevated risk of diabetes later in life.
Writing with non-dominant hand: left-handers perform better with the right hand than right handers with the left
Authors: Laskowski Kristina , Henneberg Maciej
Published: February 2013

Adult volunteers (7 females, 7 males) aged between 19 and 51 years, 7 right-handers and 7 left-handers, were asked to complete re-training writing tasks by using their non-dominant hand over 10 consecutive days. It is possible for adults to learn quickly to write legibly with their non-dominant hand. Left handers have a higher legibility score initially although right-handers improved with training more than left-handers. Individual’s performance was unrelated to age and sex in the small sample studied.
The taxonomic value of rostral nodes of extinct sharks, with comments on previous records of the genus Lamna (Lamniformes, Lamnidae) from the Pliocene of Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina (USA)
Authors: Mollen Frederik H. , Jagt John W.M.
Published: February 2013

Mollen, F.H. and Jagt, J.W.M. 2012. The taxonomic value of rostral nodes of extinct sharks, with comments on previous records of the genus Lamna (Lamniformes, Lamnidae) from the Pliocene of Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina (USA). Acta Geologica Polonica, 62 (1), 117-127. Warszawa. Shark rostral nodes from the Yorktown Formation (Zanclean, early Pliocene) of Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina (USA), previously assigned to the genus Lamna Cuvier, 1816, have been reinterpreted using a preliminary identification key for extant Lamniformes based on rostral morphology. In addition, the fossil rostral nodes have been compared in detail with Recent material of both the porbeagle, Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre, 1788) and the salmon shark, Lamna ditropis Hubbs & Follet, 1947. Despite the fact that the rostra compared relatively well with those of Recent Lamna, the Lee Creek Mine specimens proved to differ significantly in having near-parallel lateral rostral cartilages that join the rostral node individually, instead of abutting ones. Based on this observation, we here propose to strike the genus Lamna from the Lee Creek Mine faunal list, so long as no other diagnostic material is forthcoming. These partially preserved rostra are likely to have belonged to extinct taxa within the families Lamnidae or Otodontidae, both of which have been documented from the Yorktown Formation on the basis of isolated teeth of at least three species, Cosmopolitodus hastalis (Agassiz, 1838), Megaselachus megalodon (Agassiz, 1835) and Parotodus benedenii (Le Hon, 1871).
Palaeoecological implications of neoselachian shark teeth from the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland
Authors: Rees Jan
Published: February 2013

Rees, J. 2012. Palaeoecological implications of neoselachian shark teeth from the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, 62 (3), 397-402. Warszawa.

Systematic sampling through the Middle and Upper Bathonian strata at Gnaszyn has resulted in the discovery of 13 neoselachian teeth. Systematically, the teeth represent five taxa including Sphenodus sp., Protospinax sp. 1, Protospinax sp. 2, Palaeobrachaelurus sp. and another, indeterminate orectolobiform. The presence of two species of the flattened and bottom-dwelling Protospinax and two different orectolobiforms that are likely to have lived near the bottom, is a strong indication of oxygenated bottom conditions at the time of deposition. The dietary preferences of these taxa included a wide variety of benthic invertebrates. The synechodontiform Sphenodus may have been the first pelagic predatory neoselachian in the Jurassic, equipped with high and slender piercing teeth that formed a tearing-type dentition. The diet of Sphenodus probably included bony fish, smaller sharks and cephalopods.
Microsegregation in Nodular Cast Iron with Carbides
Authors: Pietrowski S. , Gumienny G.
Published: February 2013

In this paper results of microsegregation in the newly developed nodular cast iron with carbides are presented. To investigate the pearlitic and bainitic cast iron with carbides obtained by Inmold method were chosen. The distribution of linear elements on the eutectic cell radius was examined. To investigate the microsegregation pearlitic and bainitic cast iron with carbides obtained by Inmold method were chosen. The linear distribution of elements on the eutectic cell radius was examined. Testing of the chemical composition of cast iron metal matrix components, including carbides were carried out. The change of graphitizing and anti-graphitizing element concentrations within eutectic cell was determined. It was found, that in cast iron containing Mo carbides crystallizing after austenite + graphite eutectic are Si enriched.
Analysis and Assessment of Measurements Results of Electric Power Demand in a Model Vacuum-assisted Moulding Installation
Authors: Smyksy K. , Wrona R. , Brzeziński M. , Ziółkowski E.
Published: February 2013

In this article the main problems related with the proper choice of the design and operation parameters of vacuum installation in vacuum moulding system have been discussed. In such system a vacuum are generated using electric-driven vacuum pumps. The aim of the experiment is to evaluate the performance of a vacuum system basing on registered plots of selected electric power parameters of the power-supplying system of the pumps with parallel measurements instantaneous values of pressure in selected points of model stand. The measurements system for power-supply unit has incorporated the recorders of instantaneous current and voltage values. Following the suitable numerical procedure, the experimental data are analysed to yield mathematical relationships between the variations of the generated vacuum pressure levels and variations of selected electric power parameters. According to the authors, the applied measurements system of the parameters of a vacuum-assisted installation may become an effective and easy practical method of evaluating the performance of such installations, used also in industry.
Examination of Cast Iron Material Properties by Means of the Nanoindentation Method
Authors: Trytek A. , Orłowicz W. , Tupaj M. , Mróz M.
Published: February 2013

The paper presents results of examination of material parameters of cast iron with structure obtained under rapid resolidification conditions carried out by means of the nanoindentation method.
Health risk analysis of pesticide residues in berry fruit from north-eastern Poland
Authors: Łozowicka Bożena , Rutkowska Ewa , Jankowska Magdalena , Kaczyński Piotr , Hrynko Izabela
Published: February 2013

The first aim of this paper was to evaluate pesticide residue levels of berry fruit samples. The second aim was to analyze health risks associated with pesticide levels. The monitoring was conducted on samples from producers in north-eastern Poland, during the time period 2005-2010. In total, 241 samples of berry fruit were analyzed using validated and accredited multi residue methods. The studies included 7 commodities (125 strawberry, 59 black currant, 25 raspberry, 23 chokeberry, 7 red currant samples and one sample of elderberry and wild strawberry), and the analysis of 128 pesticides. Residues, mainly insecticides, were found in 47.7% of samples while 40.7% of samples contained pesticide residues below MRLs and 7% above MRLs. The pesticides were found most often in red currant (100%) and black currant (63%) samples. The most frequently detected pesticides were fenazaquin and fenitrothion. Pesticide residues at levels exceeding legally binding MRLs occurred mostly in black currant samples (12 samples). Violations of the maximum residue limits (MRLs) (15 notifications) and use of a forbidden plant protection product (8 notifications) were found in twenty-three berry samples during the six-year study. For these cases, the RASFF system (rapid alert system for food and feed) procedures were initiated. The highest number of notifications was recorded in 2008 (11 notifications). Only one of the notifications was prepared for berry fruit from an integrated production system − black currant, the remaining were for conventional fruit. Among the RASFF notifications, 17 (74%) were for black currant samples.

The estimated exposure to pesticide residues detected in the analyzed berry fruit samples was shown to be very low for the general population (adults) and for the critical population of small children. Acute and chronic exposure based on residue levels did not adversely affect consumer health.
Preparation of carbon nanotube embedded in polyacrylonitrile (pan) nanofibre composites by electrospinning process
Authors: Pilehrood Mohammad Kazemi , Heikkilä Pirjo , Harlin Ali
Published: February 2013

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibres and carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced PAN nanofibres were successfully electrospun. A polymer plasticiser, ethylene carbonate (EC), was added into the PAN/CNT solutions. The average diameter of the fibres varied between 80 and 240 nm. This study investigated the effects of polymer concentration, CNT and EC on the morphological characteristics of electrospun PAN fibres. Electrospinning parameters were set at constant values to prevent their mutual influences on the resultant morphology. It was observed that increasing the polymer concentration led to a reduction of beads density and an increase in the diameter of the PAN nanofibres. The fibre diameters also increased as a result of the addition of CNTs below the electrical percolation threshold. It was found that the inclusion of EC permits changes in the morphological characteristic of the PAN/CNT nanocomposite fibre regardless of the effects of its conductivity and viscosity
Optimisation of the warp yarn tension on a warp knitting machine
Authors: Pohlen Vivienne , Schnabel Andreas , Neumann Florian , Gries Thomas
Published: February 2013

Investigations (calculations) based on a warp yarn tension analysis on a warp knitting machine with multiaxial
weft yarn insertion allow prospective reduced yarn tension differences in technical warp knits. From this a future
opportunity is provided to substitute the subjective warp let-off adjustment by a model of tension control. The
outcome of this is a higher reproducibility with associated increasing process reliability and rising product
quality.
Description of fabric thickness and roughness on the basis of fabric structure parameters
Authors: Kolcavova Sirkova Brigita
Published: February 2013

This paper focuses on the evaluation of thread interlacing and its influence on some of the end-use properties of
woven fabric, especially its influence fabric thickness and roughness. Weaves and their interlacing structural
models, different thread positions in the fabric, and thread compression in thread interlacing are important not
only for final design but for final fabric properties. From the weave viewpoint, it is necessary to distinguish the
specific interlacing in the longitudinal and in the transverse section as well as the dimension and design of the
binding repeat.
Beyond the “National Container”
Authors: Shahjahan Riyad A. , Kezar Adrianna J.
Published: February 2013

This essay argues that there is a need for higher education researchers to become aware of methodological nationalism (MN) and take steps to reframe their scholarship in new ways. It illuminates two characteristics of MN prevalent in higher education research and suggests that although a few researchers have attempted to move beyond MN in the higher education globalization literature, most remain encapsulated in a view of nation-state equates society. The authors address this gap by arguing for the expansion of analytic approach to some of the common phenomena studied within U.S. higher education (such as college student experience, diversity, and governance) and highlight how these typical objects of study would transform once we overcome MN.
Correlation between Degenerative Changes and Osteoporosis in Lumbar Spine of Elderly Women in Dhaka city, Bangladesh
Authors: Ferdoucy Sultana Amena , Mian Md Anower Hussain , Akhter Nasrin , Alam Md Shafiqul , Sadek MA
Published: February 2013

Aims: Degenerative joint diseases and decreased bone mass i.e.  osteoporosis are two common age related skeletal disorders  responsible for pain and disability. Bangladesh has a high incidence  of osteoporosis and the incidence particularly in women, occurs  among a relatively younger age group than in the developed world.  However little is known about the correlation between degenerative  changes and osteoporosis in lumbar spine of elderly women. The  purpose of this study was to clarify this relationship in elderly women  of Dhaka, Bangladesh.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the department  of radiology and imaging of Bangladesh institute of research and  rehabilitation in diabetes, endocrine and metabolic disorders  (BIRDEM), Dhaka during the period of 1st January, 2009 to 31st  December, 2010. DEXA scan of spine and BMD measurement were  done at a renowned private hospital of Dhaka. Total 63 elderly female  aged between 50-75 years were randomly selected for this study.  Results: An inverse relationship between osteoporosis and  spondylosis in postmenopausal women as evaluated by bone  mineral density and semiquantitative scoring of spinal degeneration  was observed. A significant negative correlation (r=-0.53:p<0.05)  was found between T-score and grade. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i1.13740 City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-1, January-2013
A Case of Generalized Tooth Wear caused by Bruxism and its Rehabilitation
Authors: Podder Anupam , Saha Boby , Saha Arup Kumar , Luna Nowseen Jahan
Published: February 2013

Bruxism may lead to dental problem such as tooth wear, fracture,  crack of tooth, muscles of mastication discomfort, temporomandibular  joint (TMJ) dysfunction syndrome and periodontal signs  such as gingival recession and tooth mobility. This article presents a  case report in which bruxism caused severe tooth wear that lead to  great muscular discomfort with TMJ pain. The initial treatment  approach was the installation of an inter-occlusal acrylic device in  centric relation of occlusion for re-establishment of the occlusal  stability. Vertical dimension of occlusion, anterior guides and return  of normal muscle activity were observed within 3 months. After  subsiding primary symptoms, oral rehabilitation therapy was  approached by means of metal bond ceramic restoration and new  inter-occlusal device was provided for protection of restoration.  Satisfactory aesthetics, improved function, occlusal stability were  obtained after oral rehabilitation therapy. No specific trouble occurred  during 1 year follow up period. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i1.13747 City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-1, January-2013
Palatal Drop Augmentation and Tongue Prostheses: A Case Report
Authors: Jamayet Nafij Bin , Eusuf Zai Sumaiya Zabin , Hossain Sharafat , Alif  Retracted Sheikh Mohammad
Published: February 2013

Background: After a total glossectomy, one lost the ability to speak and swallow due to the loss of tongue mobility and the increase of space between the palate and tongue remnants. To improve swallowing by creating negative pressure, tongue and palatal drop prostheses can be utilized. This prosthesis does not restore other tongue functions such as mastication, speech articulation and resonance because the prosthesis cannot reproduce natural tongue movements. Purpose: To rehabilitate the tongue deformity due to the gun shot wound. Methods and Materials: The case report revealed the total lost of tongue of a Bangladeshi patient who cannot be able to swallow and speak. The remaining teeth still fully intact but the palatal drop and tongue prosthesis was fabricated with the silicone prosthesis. Results: Both palatal drop prosthesis and tongue prosthesis allowed the patient to increase the capacity to swallow and reduce the remaining odondus space. The speech appeared to be more intelligiable but cannot fully restore. Conclusion: The quality of life of a patient after post operative follow-up appeared to be better; however, the physiologic function of the missing organ cannot fully restored.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i1.13828City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-1, January-2013 Retracted: Due to complain
Periodontitis and Cardiovasculardisease: Association and Risk
Authors: Pavel Md Shahed Rafi , Mian Md Anower Hussain , Habibullah AKM , Hossain Md Zahid
Published: February 2013

Periodontitis has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.Two internet databases were selected in search of appropriate papers for the study purpose: i)the National Library of Medicine,Washington DC,USA (MEDLINE-PubMed) and ii) HINARI Access to Research in Health Program,World Health Organization,Geneva,Switzerland.Both databases were searched from 1985 to 2009.In the past decades, there has been renewed interest in the old hypothesis that infections increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.Atherosclerosis has a major inflammatory component and the main underlying pathological pathway for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Periodontal pathogens may be involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and subsequent coronary heart disease.Periodontal pathogenPorphyromonasgingivalis caused atherosclerosis in experimental animals and have been found in human atherosclerotic lesions.The nature of association is unclear because both periodontitis and CVD share a host of risk factors.Epidemiological studies, mainly observational studies (case-control,cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies) are usually the first to generate association data between exposure and adverse health outcomes. Clinical trials with statistically significant positive outcomes are easy to interpret and indicate that the tested intervention is effective in favorably altering the adverse health outcomes.Available evidences suggest that having periodontitis contributes to the total infection and inflammation burden and may contribute to cardiovascular events in susceptible subjects.The impact of periodontal therapy must be further investigated. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i1.13829 City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-1, January-2013
Comparative Study between Slow Shock Wave Lithotripsy and Fast Shock Wave Lithotripsy in the Management of Renal Stone
Authors: Paul Deb Prosad , Das Debashish , Rahman ASM Zahidur , Bhuiyan AKM Zamanul Islam
Published: February 2013

Background: Renal calculi are frequent causes of ureteric colic. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is the most common treatment of these stones. It uses focused sound waves to break up stones externally. Objective: To compare the efficiency of slow and fast delivery rate of shock waves on stone fragmentation and treatment outcome in patients with renal calculi.Materials and Methods: This prospective study was done in the department of Urology, National Institute of Kidney diseases and Urology, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka from July 2006 to June 2007. Total 90 patients were treated using the Storz Medical Modulith ® SLX lithotripter. Patients were divided into Group A, Group B and Group C  each group having 30 subjects. Group A was selected for extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) by 60 shock waves per minute, Group B by 90 shock waves per minute and Group C by 120 shock waves per minute. Results: Complete clearance of stone was observed in 24 patients in Group A and 13 patients in both Group B and Group C in first session. In Group A only 3 patients needed second session but in Group B and Group C, 12 and 8 patients needed second session. In Group A only one patient needed third session but third session was required for 3 patients in Group B and 5 patients in Group C for complete clearance of stone. In Group A, subsequent sessions were performed under spinal anesthesia and in Group B under sedation and analgesia (p>0.001). Mean number of sessions for full clearance of stones in group A was 1.37 ± 0.85, in Group B was 1.8 ± 0.887 and in Group C was 2.0 ± 1.083. Significant difference was observed in term of sessions among groups (p>0.05). In first follow-up, complete clearance of stones was seen in 24 patients in Group A and 13 in both Group B and Group C. In second follow-up, 3 patients in Group A, 12 in Group B and 8 in Group C showed complete clearance of stones. It was observed that rate of stone clearance was higher in Group A than in Group B and Group C. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that slow delivery rate (60 SW/min) as well as age (younger), symptom (painful) at onset, stone location (upper and middle calyx) and size (small) were independent prognostic factors determining stone clearance after ESWL of renal stone.Conclusion: Slow rate shock wave delivery improves efficacy of ESWL treatments of renal stone and decreased number of sessions, shock waves and treatment time. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v3i1.13870 J Enam Med Col 2013; 3(1): 24-28
Medical Biotechnology: Problems and Prospects in Bangladesh
Authors: Mizan Shaikh
Published: February 2013

Biotechnology is the knowledge and techniques of developing and using biological systems for deriving special products and services. The age-old technology took a new turn with the advent of recombinant DNA techniques, and boosted by the development of other molecular biological techniques, cell culture techniques and bioinformatics. Medical biotechnology is the major thrust area of biotechnology. It has brought revolutions in medicine  quick methods for diagnosing diseases, generation of new drugs and vaccines, completely novel approach of treatment are only a few to mention. The industrial and financial bulk of the industry mushroomed very rapidly in the last three decades, led by the USA and western advanced nations. Asian countries like China, India, South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore joined late, but advancing forward in a big way. In all the Asian countries governments supported the initiatives of the expert and entrepreneur community, and invested heavily in its development. Bangladesh has got great potential in developing biotechnology and reaping its fruits. However, lack of commitment and patriotism, and too much corruption and irresponsibility in political and bureaucratic establishment are the major hindrance to the development of biotechnology in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v3i1.13873 J Enam Med Col 2013; 3(1): 32-46
Carcinoma of the Ectopic Breast
Authors: Alam AMM Shariful , Anwar Shamima
Published: February 2013

A 43-year-old woman presented with bilateral ectopic breasts in both the axillae in Chittagong Medical College Hospital in July 1996. She was diagnosed having carcinoma in the left ectopic breast. She was successfully treated with local surgical excision and regional lymph node dissection, adjuvant chemotherapy, loco-regional radiotherapy and hormone therapy. The patient continued tamoxifen for 5 years. Till last follow-up in December 2011, the patient was asymptomatic without any evidence of residual disease or local recurrence and evidence of metastases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v3i1.13874 J Enam Med Col 2013; 3(1): 47-49
College News Vol.3(1)
Authors: Editor The
Published: February 2013

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v3i1.13877 J Enam Med Col 2013; 3(1)
Distribution of Selenium and Oxidative Stress in Breast Tumor-Bearing Mice
Authors: Guo Chih-Hung , Hsia Simon , Chen Pei-Chung
Published: February 2013

The present study investigated the effects of breast tumors on the blood and tissue distribution of essential trace mineral selenium (Se), and oxidative stress status of mice. Female 10-week-old BALB/cByJNarl mice were randomly assigned into control (CNL) and breast tumor-bearing (TB) groups. TB mice were injected subcutaneously into the right hind thigh with 5 × 106 EMT6 mouse mammary tumor cells. After 22 days, we measured Se concentrations, Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) products (indicator of oxidative stress) in plasma, various tissues, and plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations. There were no significant differences in body weights and daily intake between both groups. Compared with the CNL group, TB mice have decreases in plasma Se concentrations and GPx activities, as well as higher plasma VEGF and MDA concentrations. Plasma Se concentrations were also negatively correlated with plasma MDA and VEGF concentrations. Furthermore, tissue Se concentrations and GPx activities in TB animals were lower; whereas the MDA concentrations higher in various tissues including liver, kidney, brain, lung, spleen, and thymic tissues. In conclusion, disruption of Se homeostasis critically reflects oxidative stress in target tissues, thus may increase the risk for progression of breast cancer and metastasis.
Wedge-Filtering of Geomorphologic Terrestrial Laser Scan Data
Authors: Panholzer Helmut , Prokop Alexander
Published: February 2013

Terrestrial laser scanning is of increasing importance for surveying and hazard assessments. Digital terrain models are generated using the resultant data to analyze surface processes. In order to determine the terrain surface as precisely as possible, it is often necessary to filter out points that do not represent the terrain surface. Examples are vegetation, vehicles, and animals. Filtering in mountainous terrain is more difficult than in other topography types. Here, existing automatic filtering solutions are not acceptable, because they are usually designed for airborne scan data. The present article describes a method specifically suitable for filtering terrestrial laser scanning data. This method is based on the direct line of sight between the scanner and the measured point and the assumption that no other surface point can be located in the area above this connection line. This assumption is only true for terrestrial laser data, but not for airborne data. We present a comparison of the wedge filtering to a modified inverse distance filtering method (IDWMO) filtered point cloud data. Both methods use manually filtered surfaces as reference. The comparison shows that the mean error and root–mean-square-error (RSME) between the results and the manually filtered surface of the two methods are similar. A significantly higher number of points of the terrain surface could be preserved, however, using the wedge-filtering approach. Therefore, we suggest that wedge-filtering should be integrated as a further parameter into already existing filtering processes, but is not suited as a standalone solution so far.
Novel Thiosialosides Tethered to Metal Nanoparticles as Potent Influenza a Virus Haemagglutinin Blockers
Authors: Feng Fei , Sakoda Yoshihiro , Ohyanagi Tatsuya , Nagahori Noriko , Shibuya Hitomi , Okamastu Masatoshi , Miura Nobuaki , Kida Hiroshi , Nishimura Shin-Ichiro
Published: February 2013

Background:

The purpose of this study was to develop a new class of influenza A virus haemagglutinin (HA) blockers by tethering thiosialoside molecules to metal nanoparticles and producing glycoclusters that enhance the affinity of HA binding by N-acetylneuraminic acid.

Methods:

Oxygen of the glycoside bond of sialoside was replaced with sulfur to prevent hydrolytic digestion of the N-acetylneuraminic acid residue by viral neuraminidase. Two novel thiosialosides, α-2- S-[ p-( N-levulinyl) aminophenyl]-5- N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac- S-Lev) and α-2- S-[ m-( N-levulinyl)aminobenzyl]-5- N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac- S-CH2-Lev), were tethered onto the surface of metal nanoparticles via an aminooxy functionalized thiol linker in a glycoblotting reaction. Gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles were coated simultaneously with 11-mercaptoundecyl phosphorylcholine to reduce non-specific adsorption of proteins. Phosphorylcholine self-assembled monolayercoated metals displaying clustered Neu5Ac (Neu5Ac-PCSAM-Au and Neu5Ac-PCSAM-Ag) were subjected to haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays using the influenza A virus strain A/PR/8/1934 (H1N1).

Results:

Glyconanoparticles with thiosialosides had potent HI activities. In particular, Neu5Ac-PCSAM-Au with a diameter of 20 nm corresponding to 9.8 μM monosaccharide Neu5Ac was the most potent HA inhibitor. The versatility of this strategy was demonstrated by similar submicromolar HI activities of Neu5Ac-PCSAM-Ag with diameters of 50 nm and 150 nm.

Conclusions:

Glycosylated metal nanoparticles were designed and synthesized as potent influenza A virus HA blockers. This study may contribute to the acceleration of the discovery of a new class of nanoparticle anti-influenza drugs.
L'enfant magnifié et sa disparition. Essai sur le couple filicide-suicide en clinique expertale
Authors: Villerbu Loïck M. , Winter Anne
Published: February 2013

Résumé Partant d’une clinique expertale l’auteur montre que les violences faites à enfant peuvent s’organiser selon quatre registres essentiels qui constituent les pôles contrastés de deux axes structurellement organisés autour des troubles du narcissisme et de la mélancolisation du lien social, échappant de fait très souvent sinon la plupart du temps aux classiques analyses relevant de l’article 122 du Nouveau Code pénal.
Du miroir brisé dans la psychose au double homosexuel : un travail à double visage
Authors: Monné Dao Luc
Published: February 2013

Résumé L’objet peut être investi de manière défensive et être utilisé à des fins narcissiques. Lorsque l’altérité constitue une menace à la cohésion narcissique, l’objet peut être investi comme un double homosexuel. Véritable fétiche, cet objet gémellaire permet de maintenir des échanges pseudo-objectaux mais concourt à terme à menacer ce qui au départ devait être préservé, à savoir, un narcissisme écorché ne permettant pas au moi d’avoir une image unifiée de lui-même.
Groupes d'appartenance et vie institutionnelle des psychanalystes. Plaidoyer pour une plus grande ouverture des commissions d'enseignement
Authors: Heenen-Wolff Susann
Published: February 2013

Résumé L’auteur soutient l’hypothèse que le fonctionnement de la plupart des sociétés psychanalytiques, notamment des commissions qui gèrent l’enseignement, est teinté de l’héritage du « comité secret », fondé par Freud dans le but de préserver le noyau de la psychanalyse. Sur l’arrière-fond de la diversité de la psychanalyse contemporaine, l’opérationnalité de ce fonctionnement est mise en question. Les définitions de ce que sont la « véritable » psychanalyse et un « bon analyste » sont devenues plus floues que jamais, ce qui a des répercussions importantes sur les processus d’évaluation au sein des institutions : nous devons évaluer des postulants, des candidats, des membres aspirants, des analystes formateurs, sans disposer de critères clairs et partagés. Ce manque de critères contribue à une perception des institutions analytiques comme si elles fonctionnaient à l’instar d’une secte. L’auteur se demande si une plus grande transparence des modalités de l’évaluation lors de la sélection des candidats ou de leur habilitation ne pourrait pas contribuer à une attractivité accrue de la formation telle qu’elle est organisée par les sociétés psychanalytiques, qu’elles soient composantes de l’Association psychanalytique internationale ( IPA ) ou pas.
Savoir et système de genre au Chili : une connaissance à vocation politique et pragmatique dans un contexte de démocratisation
Authors: Marques-Pereira Bérengère
Published: February 2013

Résumé Depuis le passage à la démocratie, le Chili a vu se développer une politisation du genre, tant au niveau des agences étatiques consacrées aux droits des femmes qu’au niveau des groupes féministes. La notion de genre, fruit de savoirs à la fois militants et académiques, y a connu un glissement de sens notable (le genre comme catégorie, comme identité, comme concept normatif, comme outil pragmatique) à travers les trois modalités majeures de l’exercice de la responsabilité publique par les féministes dites institutionnelles : réflexion sur les formes prises par l’exclusion des femmes de l’espace public, participation à l’élaboration de la normativité sociale et, enfin, vigilance à l’égard des institutions et des appareils de l’État. Les propositions politiques sur les droits des femmes, élaborées dès la dictature par les groupes féministes, ont conduit, depuis le retour à la démocratie, à des discours publics pouvant relever d’une naturalisation, d’une politisation ou d’une sociologisation des rapports de genre.
La convergence des politiques du sida en Ouganda et aux États-Unis : les chrétiens évangéliques comme intermédiaires
Authors: Demange Élise
Published: February 2013

Résumé Au début des années 2000, l’Ouganda et les Etats-Unis ont connu un tournant similaire dans leur politique de prévention du VIH. Les chrétiens évangéliques ont acquis des positions de pouvoir dans l’action publique, la promotion de l’abstinence est valorisée, tandis que l’usage des préservatifs est remis en cause. Cet article interroge la convergence entre les actions publiques de ces deux pays et s’intéresse au rôle d’intermédiaire des chrétiens évangéliques. Il montre comment des acteurs impliqués dans des réseaux transnationaux ont concrètement travaillé à cette convergence. Des chrétiens évangéliques ougandais profondément transnationalisés ont particulièrement travaillé à l’importation d’actions américaines, et à leur appropriation sur le terrain et dans les stratégies d’action publique. La convergence est également étroitement liée à la volonté de certains chrétiens évangéliques de faire évoluer l’équilibre des pouvoirs au sein du champ du VIH/sida et plus largement du champ politique.
Approches multiniveaux du dilemme de la question nucléaire en Corée du Nord et de la sécurité en Asie du Nord-Est
Authors: Chun Kwang-Ho
Published: February 2013

Résumé La plupart des analystes qui étudient la Corée du Nord ont adopté ce que Kenneth Waltz appelle une « approche réductionniste » qui permet certainement de comprendre certains des comportements de la Corée du Nord sur la scène internationale mais qui échoue à en donner un aperçu global. Afin de combler cette lacune, cet article adopte une approche de la politique étrangère de la Corée du Nord de l’après-Guerre froide à plusieurs niveaux tels que la « théorie des jeux à deux niveaux » de Robert Putnam et la « perspective stratégique » de Bruce Bueno de Mesquita. Une telle approche permet de mieux expliquer le raisonnement sous-jacent et les modèles fondamentaux qui orientent le comportement répétitif de ce pays dans l’après-Guerre froide.
Éthique, finances et anthropologie
Authors: Gagey Henri-Jérôme
Published: February 2013

Résumé Cet article constitue une réaction à l’argument développé dans ce dossier par Christian Walter. Il récuse un moralisme prompt à dénoncer les excès de la spéculation au nom d’une référence mythique aux régularités de l’économie « réelle » sans prendre le chemin long d’une analyse des choix éthiques impliqués dans les outils mathématiques d’analyse des marchés. Ce refus d’opposer la mauvaise spéculation artificielle aux régularités d’une économie empirique prétendument naturelle peut en effet stimuler l’anthropologie chrétienne dans sa réflexion sur la Loi naturelle parfois trop rapidement identifiée aux régularités de la biologie. Ce point de vue peut d’ailleurs trouver des appuis dans l’argument développé ici même par Geneviève Médevielle montrant que, selon Thomas d’Aquin, le juste prix n’est pas susceptible d’une détermination empirique simpliste, car il doit se conformer à la norme de justice que commande le « bien commun » de l’ensemble de la société comme fin ultime.
Dépôt de polluants sur les espaces agricoles à proximité des voies de transport en Île-de-France
Authors: Petit Caroline , Loubet Benjamin , Rémy Elisabeth , Aubry Christine , Duguay Fabrice , Missonnier Julie , Cellier Pierre , Feiz Amir Ali , Blondeau Cécile , Mauclair Cécile , Durand Brigitte
Published: February 2013

Le projet Pollution de Proximité, Transport et Agriculture (PPTA) s’est proposé d’évaluer les dépôts de polluants liés au trafic routier, à proximité des voies de circulation sur les espaces agricoles, maraîchers et horticoles et d’étudier la perception par divers acteurs quant aux risques associés. L’approche développée a combiné trois volets d’étude : (1) la quantification des dépôts de polluants au voisinage des routes, (2) la perception des risques et les adaptations des acteurs concernés par ce type de pollution (agriculteurs, riverains, consommateurs, opérateurs des filières), et (3) une analyse géographique des impacts potentiels à l’échelle de la région Île-de-France et des aménagements possibles pour circonscrire ces risques potentiels. Ce projet s’est centré sur la notion de « distance de sécurité » ou « distance d’impact », en analysant les paramètres physiques et les déterminants sociaux qui jouent sur sa définition. Le premier volet a permis de montrer que les concentrations en oxydes d’azote, particules de diamètres inférieurs à 2.5 µm et 10 µm (PM2.5 et PM10) étaient plus faibles à proximité de l’autoroute A6 que sur les zones de très fort trafic d’Île-de-France. La comparaison des modèles a montré un comportement sensiblement identique sur les concentrations de polluants, mais des différences importantes concernant la prise en compte du dépôt. Le deuxième volet a permis d’approcher les formes de perception et d’adaptation de trois catégories d’acteurs vis-à-vis de la pollution atmosphérique liée au trafic routier : alors que certains acteurs des filières agroalimentaires la prennent explicitement en compte en mettant en œuvre des cahiers des charges spécifiques imprimant des distances de sécurité, les agriculteurs et associations environnementales ne considèrent pas les dépôts de polluants atmosphériques liés au trafic routier sur les espaces cultivés comme une priorité. Le troisième volet montre qu’une part significative des surfaces agricoles régionales serait affectée par de telles préconisations de distance de sécurité et que des aménagements de protection spécifique seraient difficiles à généraliser. L’article revient sur la mise en œuvre de ce projet pluridisciplinaire, présente ses principaux résultats et tire des perspectives utiles pour la poursuite des travaux dans le domaine des relations entre trafic routier, pollutions atmosphériques et espaces agricoles.
Arbeitsgemeinschaft: Quasiperiodic Schrödinger Operators
Authors: Avila Artur , Damanik David , Jitomirskaya Svetlana
Published: February 2013

This Arbeitsgemeinschaft discussed the spectral properties of quasi-periodic Schrödinger operators in one space dimension. After presenting background material on Schrödinger operators with dynamically defined potentials and some results about certain classes of dynamical systems, the recently developed global theory of analytic one-frequency potentials was discussed in detail. This was supplemented by presentations on an important special case, the almost Mathieu operator, and results showing phenomena exhibited outside the analytic category.
Mini-Workshop: Generalizations of Symmetric Spaces
Authors: Köhl Ralf , Helminck Aloysius G.
Published: February 2013

This workshop brought together experts from the areas of algebraic Lie theory, invariant theory, Kac–Moody theory and the theories of Tits buildings and of symmetric spaces. The main focus was on topics related to symmetric spaces in order to stimulate progress in current research projects or trigger new collaboration via comparison, analogy, transfer, generalization, and unification of methods. Specific topics that were covered include Kac–Moody symmetric spaces, double coset decompositions of (groups of rational points of) algebraic groups and Kac–Moody groups, and symmetric/Gelfand pairs in Lie algebras.
Mini-Workshop: Endomorphisms, Semigroups and C*-Algebras of Rings
Authors: Cuntz Joachim , Szymański Wojciech , Zacharias Joachim
Published: February 2013

The main aim of the workshop was to explore recent progress in the study of endomorphisms of

C*

-algebras, semigroup crossed products, graph algebras, ring

C*

-algebras, purely infinite

C*

-algebras and related algebraic constructions, such as dilations or Leavitt path algebras, by bringing together experts from several different fields.
Nonlinear Evolution Problems
Authors: Ecker Klaus , Shatah Jalal , Staffilani Gigliola , Struwe Michael
Published: February 2013

In this workshop geometric evolution equations of parabolic type, nonlinear hyperbolic equations, and dispersive equations and their interrelations were the subject of 21 talks and several shorter special presentations.
Applied Harmonic Analysis and Sparse Approximation
Authors: Daubechies Ingrid , Kutyniok Gitta , Rauhut Holger , Strohmer Thomas
Published: February 2013

Applied harmonic analysis and sparse approximation are highly active research areas with a lot of recent exciting developments. Their methods have become crucial for a wide range of applications in technology and science, such as signal and image processing. Understanding of the underlying mathematics has grown vastly. Interestingly, there are a lot of connections to other fields, such as convex optimization, probability theory and Banach space geometry. Yet, many problems in these areas remain unsolved or even unattacked. The workshop intended to bring together world leading experts in these areas, to report on recent developments, and to foster new developments and collaborations.
Comparison of Oral and Vaginal Administration of Low-dose Misoprostol for Labor Induction
Authors: Jyoti Ragweshwar , Mahajan Mamta , Gupta Kumud Bala , Sharma Renu
Published: February 2013

Objective

Comparison of oral and vaginal administration of lowdose misoprostol for induction of labor at term.

Materials and methods

Two hundred pregnant women after 37 weeks of gestation with an indication for induction were given 25 μg of misoprostol orally (study group) or vaginally (control group), every 3 hours to a maximum of 8 doses. The induction to delivery interval, requirement of oxytocin, dose of misoprostol used, maternal and neonatal outcome were analyzed statistically.

Results

The median induction to delivery interval was significantly shorter in those induced with vaginal misoprostol (p = 0.06). The median induction to delivery interval was 21.35 ± 7.44 hours in study group and 14.64 ± 5.49 hours in control group. Eighty-two percent women in study group and 84% women in control group had vaginal delivery. Cesarean section rate was lower in control group, 16% vs 18% in study group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.790). Oxytocin augmentation was needed for 80% cases in the study group and 54% cases in control group, which was statistically significant (p = 0.006). The incidence of abnormal FHR was more in control group as compared to study group (30 vs 14%). Hyperstimulation syndrome was observed in 4% cases in control group and 2% cases in study group. Neonatal outcome was found to be similar in both groups.

Conclusion

Vaginal misoprostol achieved higher success rate within a short induction interval but was associated with increase in abnormal FHR pattern and abnormal uterine activity as compared to the oral route. Oral route had comparable efficacy, was safe and well-tolerated route of misoprostol administration for induction of labor at term.

How to cite this article

Mahajan M, Gupta KB, Sharma R, Jyoti R. Comparison of Oral and Vaginal Administration of Low-dose Misoprostol for Labor Induction. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2012;4(3):137-140.