bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DYNAMICS OF VISCERAL LEISHMANIA EPIDEMIC MODEL WITH NON-SINGULAR KERNEL
Authors: ZHAO YI , KHAN AMIR , HUMPHRIES USA WANNASINGHA , ZARIN RAHAT , KHAN MAJID , YUSUF ABDULLAHI
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we have taken into consideration the most dangerous form of leishmaniasis known as visceral leishmaniasis, which has the highest fatality rate and is also famous with the name of kala-azar. The analysis is carried out using Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo (ABC) operator with a convex incidence rate. Using fixed point theorems the existence and uniqueness for the solutions of the fractional leishmania epidemic model have been established. All the basic properties of the given model are studied along with stability analysis. Newton polynomial and Adams–Bashforth methods are taken into account to find the numerical solution.
CYCLOCOPULA TECHNIQUE TO STUDY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO CYCLOSTATIONARY TIME SERIES WITH FRACTIONAL BROWNIAN MOTION ERRORS
Authors: MAHMOUDI MOHAMMAD REZA , MOSAVI AMIR
Published: January 2022

Detection of relationship between two time series is so important in different scientific fields. Most common techniques are usually sensitive to stationarity or normality assumptions. In this research, a new copula-based method (cyclocopula) is introduced to detect the relationship between two cylostationary time series with fractional Brownian motion (fBm) errors. The performance of the proposed method is studied by employing numerous simulated datasets. The applicability of the introduced approach is also investigated in real-world problems. The numerical and applied studies verify the performance of the introduced technique.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE NONLINEAR FRACTIONAL OSTROVSKY EQUATION
Authors: WANG FUZHANG , HOU ENRAN , SALAMA SAMIR A. , KHATER MOSTAFA M. A.
Published: January 2022

This research paper investigates the numerical solutions of the nonlinear fractional Ostrovsky equation through five recent numerical schemes (Adomian decomposition (AD), El Kalla (EK), Cubic B-Spline (CBS), extended Cubic B-Spline (ECBS), exponential Cubic B-Spline (ExCBS) schemes). We investigate the obtained computational solutions via the generalized Jacobi elliptical functional (JEF) and modified Khater (MK) methods. This model is considered as a mathematical modification model of the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation with respect to the effects of background rotation. The solitary solutions of the well-known mathematical model (KdV equation) usually decay and are replaced by radiating inertia gravity waves. The obtained solitary solutions show the localized wave packet as a persistent and dominant feature. The accuracy of the obtained numerical solutions is investigated by calculating the absolute error between the exact and numerical solutions. Many sketches are given to illustrate the matching between the exact and numerical solutions.
USE OF EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS IN A FRACTIONAL FRAMEWORK TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF CORONAVIRUS
Authors: WANG BO , JAHANSHAHI HADI , KARACA YELIZ , BEKIROS STELIOS , XIA WEI-FENG , ALKHATEEB ABDULHAMEED F. , NOUR MAJID
Published: January 2022

Mathematical modeling can be utilized to find out how the coronavirus spreads within a population. Hence, considering models that can precisely describe natural phenomena is of crucial necessity. Besides, although one of the most significant benefits of mathematical modeling is designing optimal policies for battling the disease, there are a few studies that employ this beneficial aspect. To this end, this study aims to design optimal management policies for the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This is a pioneering research that designs optimal policies based on multi-objective evolutionary algorithms for control of the fractional-order model of the COVID-19 outbreak. First, a fractional-order model of the disease dynamic is presented. The impacts of the fractional derivative’s value on the modeling and forecasting of the disease spread are considered. After that, a multi-objective optimization problem is proposed by considering the rate of communication, the transition of symptomatic infected class to the quarantined one, and the release of quarantined uninfected individuals. Numerical results clearly corroborate that by solving the proposed multi-objective problem, governments can control the massive disease outbreak while economic factors have reasonable values that prevent economic collapse.
LAZY RANDOM WALKS ON PSEUDOFRACTAL SCALE-FREE WEB WITH A PERFECT TRAP
Authors: XING CHANGMING , YUAN HAO
Published: January 2022

Lazy random walks have been used in many scientific fields such as image segmentation and optimal transport; however, related theoretical results are much less for this dynamical process. In this paper, we study lazy random walks in a pseudofractal scale-free web, where the self-loop jumps on graph vertexes are considered. For a special random walks with one trap fixed at a hub node, also known as the trapping problem, we derive the exact analytic formulas of the average trapping time (ATT), an indicator measuring the efficiency of the trapping process, by using two different methods. The results obtained by the two methods are consistent. Analyzing and comparing the obtained solutions, we find that the ATT is related to the walking rule with the self-loop jumps. Specifically, adding the self-loop to change the walking rule can affect the coefficient of the ATT formula, but it cannot change the leading scaling of the trapping efficiency. We hope that these results in this paper can help us better understand the biased random walk process in complex systems.
Effect of Porosity on the Thermal Buckling Analysis of Power and Sigmoid Law Functionally Graded Material Sandwich Plates Based on Sinusoidal Shear Deformation Theory
Authors: Sah Supen Kumar , Ghosh Anup
Published: January 2022

This work examines the effect of porosity distributions on thermal buckling analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) sandwich plates. To consider the porosity effect, five different types of distribution models, even, uneven, logarithmic uneven, linear uneven, and sinusoidal uneven are considered. It is assumed that the FGM faces of the sandwich plate are porous while the ceramic core is nonporous. To investigate the thermal buckling behavior of porous FGM sandwich plates, four different types of thermal loads, such as uniform, linear, nonlinear, and sinusoidal temperature rise along the thickness direction are considered. Effective material properties and thermal expansion coefficients of FGM sandwich plates are evaluated based on Voigt’s micromechanical model considering power law FGM (P-FGM) and sigmoid function FGM (S-FGM). The analytical solution is carried out using Hamilton’s variational principle considering the von Karman nonlinearity. The equilibrium and stability equations are derived based on sinusoidal shear deformation theory (SSDT). Numerical results are obtained to observe the influence of different porosity distributions, porosity coefficients, thermal loadings, and geometrical parameters over critical thermal buckling temperature.
A Synthesized Design of Adaptive and Sliding-Mode Observer-Based Incipient Fault Detection for a Quadrotor
Authors: Li Ting , Liu Chun , Yu Zhengyan , Zhao Xin
Published: January 2022

This study investigates the fault detection and fault estimation problem of a quadrotor with disturbances. A synthesized design of adaptive and sliding-mode observer is proposed to address the effective detection and estimation of incipient faults. First, the decomposed subsystems are obtained through the coordinate transformation, and the initial and incipient faults are separated from the disturbances. Second, an adaptive observer is applied to the decomposed unperturbed subsystem to estimate incipient faults, while the sliding-mode observer remains robust to disturbances for the perturbed subsystem. Lyapunov stability theory ensures the convergence of dynamic errors and the stability of the quadrotor system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed synthesized algorithm of incipient fault detection is verified by the quadrotor simulation.
Fault-Tolerant Model Predictive Control of a Fixed-Wing UAV with Actuator Fault Estimation
Authors: Deshpande Vinayak , Zhang Youmin
Published: January 2022

The vast majority of today’s engineering systems possess operational constraints and have multiple inputs and outputs. This classifies them as Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) systems. This paper develops a novel observer-based fault diagnosis scheme with the capability of simultaneous state and actuator fault estimation for Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) MIMO systems, which is then integrated with Model Predictive Control (MPC) method for achieving fault-tolerant control. The application within this study is chosen to be the longitudinal flight control of a fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The observer-based method is combined with two MPC schemes to detect and compensate randomly occurring actuator faults in real time. The faults are modeled as a Loss Of Effectiveness (LOE). For the first (efficient) MPC method, a simple reconfiguration can be performed in the event of faults, as it is based on an absolute input formulation. However, as the second (integral-action) MPC is based on an incremental input formulation, reconfiguration is not required, since this algorithm has a degree of implicit fault tolerance. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for both MPC schemes.
Real-Time Control Allocation for Autonomous Surface Vehicle Using Constrained Quadratic Programming
Authors: Liu Xiaocheng , Hu Zhihuan , Yang Ziheng , Zhang Weidong
Published: January 2022

Control system is very important for each autonomous surface vehicle (ASV), which involves the problem of maintaining the vehicle’s position and heading using feedback controller and achieving the desired forces through thrust allocation. In this paper, we present a practical thrust allocator for under-actuated and fully-actuated vehicles, which can be represented as a quadratic programming (QP) problem with linear constraints. Such an optimization method allows us to consider common propulsion system, including tunnel thruster, azimuth thruster, and fixed propeller with rudder. These linear constraints enable us to explicitly account for the rate, amplitude and azimuth constraints of each propeller on the vessel. The proposed methods have been illustrated by simulated and experimental maneuvers for different thruster layout of a vehicle.
Initiation of transform continental margins: the Cretaceous margins of the Demerara plateau
Authors: Basile Christophe , Loncke Lies , Roest Walter R. , Graindorge David , Klingelhoefer Frauke , Museur Thomas , Heuret Arnauld , Lesourd-Laux Thomas , Vetel William
Published: January 2022

During the end of the lower Cretaceous, the connection between the South and the Central Atlantic accretionary axis led to the oblique opening of the Equatorial Atlantic, and to the separation of Africa and South America by alternating transform and rift margins. At the western end of the Equatorial Atlantic, we investigate the structure of the Cretaceous margins surrounding the Demerara plateau, north of French Guiana and Suriname. These margins were previously described as transform northward and divergent eastward. From the bathymetry and deep structures, we propose to divide the northern transform into three margin segments, with two transform segments separated by a divergent one. These two transform margins are very different, the northwestern one being linear and associated with a steep and erosive continental slope, the northeastern one consisting of several faults and ridges en echelon disposed. In between, the divergent margin appears to be a pull-apart basin localized by structures inherited from the previous Jurassic rifting. Additionally, the eastern divergent margin may have been localized by a thermal anomaly tentatively related to a hotspot. It is proposed that the deformation was first localized in divergent (rift) basins, subsequently connected by transform faults. The structure of the transform fault varies with the offset between adjacent rift basins: a large offset forms a linear transform and a short (less than 200 km) offset forms en echelon structures.
A Multi-feature and Time-aware-based Stress Evaluation Mechanism for Mental Status Adjustment
Authors: Chen Min , Xiao Wenjing , Li Miao , Hao Yixue , Hu Long , Tao Guangming
Published: January 2022

With the rapid economic development, the prominent social competition has led to increasing psychological pressure of people felt from each aspect of life. Driven by the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, intelligent psychological pressure detection systems based on deep learning and wearable devices have acquired some good results in practical application. However, existing studies argue that the psychological stress state is influenced by the current environment. They put much attention on the momentary features but ignore the dynamic change process of mental status in the time dimension. Besides, the lack of research in the general laws of psychological stress makes it difficult to quantitatively evaluate the stress status, resulting in the inability to perceive the stress state of users effectively. Thus, this article proposes an evaluation mechanism of psychological stress for adjusting the mental status of users. Specifically, we design a multi-dimensional feature space and a time-aware feature encoder, which integrate various stress features and capture time characteristics of stress state change. Moreover, a novel mental state model is proposed, which uses the pressure features with time characteristics to evaluate the pressure stress level. This model also quantifies the internal relationship between pressure features. Last, we establish a practicable testbed to demonstrate how to evaluate and adjust mental state of users by the proposed evaluation mechanism of psychological stress.
Hybrid Modality Metric Learning for Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identification
Authors: Zhang La , Guo Haiyun , Zhu Kuan , Qiao Honglin , Huang Gaopan , Zhang Sen , Zhang Huichen , Sun Jian , Wang Jinqiao
Published: January 2022

Visible-infrared person re-identification (Re-ID) has received increasing research attention for its great practical value in night-time surveillance scenarios. Due to the large variations in person pose, viewpoint, and occlusion in the same modality, as well as the domain gap brought by heterogeneous modality, this hybrid modality person matching task is quite challenging. Different from the metric learning methods for visible person re-ID, which only pose similarity constraints on class level, an efficient metric learning approach for visible-infrared person Re-ID should take both the class-level and modality-level similarity constraints into full consideration to learn sufficiently discriminative and robust features. In this article, the hybrid modality is divided into two types, within modality and cross modality. We first fully explore the variations that hinder the ranking results of visible-infrared person re-ID and roughly summarize them into three types: within-modality variation, cross-modality modality-related variation, and cross-modality modality-unrelated variation. Then, we propose a comprehensive metric learning framework based on four kinds of paired-based similarity constraints to address all the variations within and cross modality. This framework focuses on both class-level and modality-level similarity relationships between person images. Furthermore, we demonstrate the compatibility of our framework with any paired-based loss functions by giving detailed implementation of combing it with triplet loss and contrastive loss separately. Finally, extensive experiments of our approach on SYSU-MM01 and RegDB demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed metric learning framework for visible-infrared person Re-ID.
Fine-grained Image Classification via Multi-scale Selective Hierarchical Biquadratic Pooling
Authors: Tan Min , Yuan Fu , Yu Jun , Wang Guijun , Gu Xiaoling
Published: January 2022

How to extract distinctive features greatly challenges the fine-grained image classification tasks. In previous models, bilinear pooling has been frequently adopted to address this problem. However, most bilinear pooling models neglect either intra or inter layer feature interaction. This insufficient interaction brings in the loss of discriminative information. In this article, we devise a novel fine-grained image classification approach named
M
ulti-scale
S
elective
H
ierarchical bi
Q
uadratic
P
ooling (MSHQP). The proposed biquadratic pooling simultaneously models intra and inter layer feature interactions and enhances part response by integrating multi-layer features. The subsequent coarse-to-fine multi-scale interaction structure captures the complementary information within features. Finally, the active interaction selection module adaptively learns the optimal interaction subset for a specific dataset. Consequently, we obtain a robust image representation with coarse-to-fine semantics. We conduct experiments on five benchmark datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that MSHQP achieves competitive or even match the state-of-the-art methods in terms of both accuracy and computational efficiency, with 89.0%, 94.9%, 93.4%, 90.4%, and 91.5% top-1 classification accuracy on CUB-200-2011, Stanford-Cars, FGVC-Aircraft, Stanford-Dog, and VegFru, respectively.
The keys to the kingdom
Authors: Vachon Phil
Published: January 2022

A deleted private key, a looming deadline, and a last chance to patch a new static root of trust into the bootloader.
Perspective—The Role of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells in Our Carbon-Neutral Future
Authors: Tew David E. , Cox-Galhotra Rosemary A. , Lecoustre Vivien R. , Lyubovsky Maxim , Soloveichik Grigorii L.
Published: January 2022

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) offer the potential for compelling value propositions in stationary and transportation applications through their high efficiency and fuel flexibility—two critical characteristics that will allow them to facilitate our transition to a carbon neutral economy. This paper describes the overall integration synergies that can be realized in hybrid systems comprised of an SOFC and an engine bottom-cycle. The development to date is reviewed, and application-specific value propositions are explored. Finally, the environmental impact of hybrid systems are discussed, and key challenges to overcome are examined for this highly efficient conversion technology to achieve commercial success.
Effect of Liquid Metal Coating on Improved Cycle Performance of Anode-Free Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Koul Supriya , Morita Yoshiyuki , Fujisaki Fumika , Ogasa Hiroshi , Fujiwara Yoshiya , Kushima Akihiro
Published: January 2022

Although Li-ion battery is one of the most widely used energy storage devices, there have been extensive efforts to push its limit to meet the ever increasing demands to increase its energy density for applications such as electric vehicles, portable electronics, and grid storages. Here, lithium metal anode plays a key role in the next generation energy storage devices, ultimately enabling the anode-free configuration. However, there are major challenges that need to be overcome. These include low Coulombic efficiency and the formation of dendrites. In this work, we adopted gallium-based liquid metal (LM) as a coating layer on a copper current collector to uniformly deposit lithium to prevent the dendrite formation and improve the cycle efficiency. The LM coating effectively improved the cycle performance in the anode-free configuration combined with Li(Ni,Co,Mn)O2 cathode. The effect of the LM coating was confirmed by in situ transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy observations. LM reduced the charge/discharge overpotentials with its high affinity with lithium. It also contributed to decompose the dendritic lithium in the discharge process reducing the dead lithium disconnected from the current collector.
Analysis of the Effectiveness of Nursing Interventions in Critically Ill Patients in Respiratory Medicine
Authors: Wu Li-jing , Jiao Wen-wen , Wang Huan-huan , Li Guo , Li Ping , Wang Shun-jing
Published: January 2022

Objective. To enhance and analyze the clinical effectiveness of implementing quality nursing interventions in the clinical care of critically ill patients in respiratory medicine. Methods. Clinical data of respiratory medicine patients treated in our hospital over the years were collected and 96 patients who met the requirements of the purpose of this study and the sample inclusion criteria were selected as the study subjects from the patients treated between April 2019 and January 2020. According to the care methods received by the patients in our hospital, 48 of them who implemented conventional care were used as the control group, and another 48 patients who were given quality care interventions were used as the observation group. The data were statistically recorded and comparatively analyzed for the indicators such as nursing oxygen index, heart rate, and clinical treatment efficiency of patients in both groups. Results. Compared with the control group, patients in the observation group who received quality nursing intervention had more significant improvement in blood oxygen index and heart rate after nursing care; the clinical treatment efficiency of patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (95.83% vs. 81.25%). The data comparison between the groups showed a significant difference,

P

 < 0.05, which was statistically significant. Conclusion. Adding quality nursing interventions to the implementation of conventional care for patients with respiratory diseases can better improve patients’ clinical symptoms, accelerate their clinical recovery, improve and enhance prognosis, and further improve clinical outcomes.
Curative Effects of Remote Home Management Combined with Feng’s Spinal Manipulation on the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Min Yaqing , Xu Peng
Published: January 2022

Objective. To explore the curative effects of remote home management combined with Feng’s spinal manipulation on the treatment of elderly patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Methods. The clinical data of 100 patients with LDH in our hospital (December 2019–December 2020) were retrospectively reviewed. The 100 patients were equally divided into a routine treatment group and interventional group according to the order of admission. The routine treatment group received conventional rehabilitation training, and the interventional group received remote home management combined with Feng’s spinal manipulation. The Oswestry disability index (ODI) and straight leg raising test were adopted for the assessment of the degrees of dysfunction and straight leg raising angles of the two groups after intervention. The curative effects of the two rehabilitation programs were evaluated. Results. Compared with the routine treatment group, the interventional group had a remarkably higher excellent and good rate

P
<
0.05

, a significantly lower average ODI score after intervention

P
<
0.001

, notably higher straight leg raising angle, surface AEMG (average electromyogram) during stretching and tenderness threshold after intervention

P
<
0.001

, markedly lower muscular tension, surface AEMG during buckling, and flexion-extension relaxation ratio (FRR;

P
<
0.001

), and much higher quality of life scores after intervention

P
<
0.001

. Conclusion. The remote home management combined with Feng’s spinal manipulation, as a reliable method to improve the quality of life and the back muscular strength of the elderly patients with LDH, can substantially increase the straight leg raising angle and reduce the degree of dysfunction. Further study is conducive to establishing a better solution for the patients with LDH.
Semisupervised Seizure Prediction in Scalp EEG Using Consistency Regularization
Authors: Liang Deng , Liu Aiping , Wu Le , Li Chang , Qian Ruobing , Ward Rabab K. , Chen Xun
Published: January 2022

Early prediction of epilepsy seizures can warn the patients to take precautions and improve their lives significantly. In recent years, deep learning has become increasingly predominant in seizure prediction. However, existing deep learning-based approaches in this field require a great deal of labeled data to guarantee performance. At the same time, labeling EEG signals does require the expertise of an experienced pathologist and is incredibly time-consuming. To address this issue, we propose a novel Consistency-based Semisupervised Seizure Prediction Model (CSSPM), where only a fraction of training data is labeled. Our method is based on the principle of consistency regularization, which underlines that a robust model should maintain consistent results for the same input under extra perturbations. Specifically, by using stochastic augmentation and dropout, we consider the entire neural network as a stochastic model and apply a consistency constraint to penalize the difference between the current prediction and previous predictions. In this way, unlabeled data could be fully utilized to improve the decision boundary and enhance prediction performance. Compared with existing studies requiring all training data to be labeled, the proposed method only needs a small portion of data to be labeled while still achieving satisfactory results. Our method provides a promising solution to alleviate the labeling cost for real-world applications.
[Retracted] Preparation of Iron Oxide and Titania‐Based Composite, Core‐Shell Populated, Nanoparticulates Material by Two‐Step LASER Ablation in Aqueous Media as Antimicrobial and Anticancer Agents
Authors: Bahjat Hasan H. , Ismail Raid A. , Sulaiman Ghassan M. , Mohammed Hamdoon A. , Al-Omar Mohsen , Mohammed Salman A. A. , Khan Riaz A.
Published: January 2022

Iron oxide and titania‐based composite nanoparticles (NPs) populated with core‐shell structures, as part of the mixture of the monometallic NPs, were prepared in water medium by the two‐fluence LASER ablation technique by applying 30 and 60 mJ/cm2 LASER energy irradiations. The prepared monometallics, composite, and core‐shell NPs structures were confirmed from the XRD, TEM, and EDX analyses, followed by the FE‐SEM and UV absorptions. Optically, the NPs exhibited an increase in the energy gap from 3.27 eV to 3.75 eV as LASER fluence increased from 30 mJ/cm2 to 60 mJ/cm2. The average NPs core size distributions for the core‐shell material ranged at ∼70 nm with the shell thickness around 20 nm. The biggest NPs were of ∼170 nm size which were sparsely distributed. The magnetization behaviors of the NPs were also investigated using the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The NPs showed antimicrobial activities against the pathogenic species: Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial activities of the synthesized NPs, synthesized under the influence of magnetic fields, were found to be more potent than the NPs synthesized without the presence of any magnetic field. The NPs prepared under the influence of the magnetic fields also comparatively exhibited higher levels of cytotoxicity against lung cancer cell lines (A549) than the NPs prepared under no magnetic field’s influence by the similar energy level effects of the LASER fluence. The flow cytometry analyses confirmed the NPs’ cytotoxic impacts against the human lung cancer A549 cell lines through the initiation of apoptosis and promotion of the cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase of cell division. To further confirm the cytotoxic effects and the mechanism of the anticancer activity of the synthesized NPs against the A549 cell lines, several related parameters (cell viability, membrane permeability, nuclear intensity, and cytochrome‐C release) were analyzed using the high‐content screening (HCS) assay. The study suggested that the prepared NPs have potential as antimicrobial and also as anti‐lung‐cancer agents as tested in vitro. These NPs can also be part of combined chemotherapy in different oncological interventions, as well as a sonosensitizer in sonomagnetic heating‐based therapy, especially for cancers.
A Review on the Effect of Various Chemical Treatments on the Mechanical Properties of Renewable Fiber-Reinforced Composites
Authors: Aravindh M. , Sathish S. , Ranga Raj R. , Karthick Alagar , Mohanavel V. , Patil Pravin P. , Muhibbullah M. , Osman Sameh M.
Published: January 2022

Increased environmental concerns and global warming have diverted effort all over the world to focus on renewable and sustainable resources for the next generation of composite products due to their recyclability, renewability, cost effectiveness, and satisfactory mechanical performance. Bio/natural fibers which are environment friendly materials employed as reinforcement have led to developing a biocomposite for reduction in greenhouse emission and carbon footprints. However, biofibers are also having some limitations that need to be addressed including poor compatibility between the reinforcing fiber matrices, high moisture absorption, swelling, poor chemical and fire resistance, and high dispersion of mechanical properties. A lot of research has been performed on physical and mechanical properties of natural fiber composite. Properties of such novel composite mainly depend on adhesion between fiber and matrices. Consequently, poor adhesion, high moisture absorption, and swelling lead to formation of crack in both the matrix and fiber. Therefore, numerous techniques have been tried till date to modify both fiber surfaces to enhance their adhesion and reduce their water absorption. This review article provides comprehensive information about effect of various surface modification techniques that include alkaline, silane, acetylation, permanganate, peroxide, benzoylation, acrylonitrile grafting, maleic anhydride grafted, acrylation, and isocyanate. In addition, the effects of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin of biofibers are also reported. This review concluded that chemical treatment of biofibers with 5% NaOH concentration improves the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the resulting composites compared to untreated fiber composites.
A Horizontal Competition-Cooperation Game of Technological Innovation in an Automobile Cluster Supply Chain
Authors: Fu Ying , Wang Xiangmei , Tang Ying , Li Wei , Gong Zheyu , Zhang Wenxuan
Published: January 2022

The horizontal competition-cooperation game of technological innovation in a two-stage automobile cluster supply chain composed of a duopoly of automobile manufacturers and a single automobile dealer is studied. The four game models are constructed based on the relationship of horizontal competition cooperation between automobile manufacturers and research and development (R&D) mode, and each game model gives the optimal price decision and optimal technical content decision of new products when the automobile manufacturer and automobile dealer maximise their profits. By comparing the equilibrium results of each game model and conducting numerical simulation analysis, we reveal the effects of the competition-cooperation relationship and R&D mode on supply chain decision-making. The results show the following: (1) A fully cooperative innovation strategy can maximise the total profit of automobile manufacturers, but it will reduce the profit of the automobile dealer. (2) When the horizontal competition is not fierce and the consumption preference for technical content is weak, innovation strategy of competition cooperation (competition but cooperative R&D) can enable the automobile dealer to obtain the maximum profit. (3) Market preference for the technological content of automotive products accrues greater potential benefits to the whole supply chain channel.
A Rare Case of Orthograde Retrieval of Extruded Instrument following Periapical Tissue Healing
Authors: Elhakim Ahmed , Abd El-Wahab Tarek Mohamed
Published: January 2022

The ideal retrieval protocol of separated instruments reverts the case to the initial situation prior to the fracture incidence while preserving the tooth hard tissue and the integrity of the supporting structures. When a patient presented for emergency treatment of tooth #37 diagnosed with acute suppurative apical periodontitis, radiographic examination revealed a fractured instrument extruded into the periapex. The treatment options for retrieval were limited to replantation. The initial emergency treatment which consisted of orthograde pus drain, radicular disinfection, and intracanal calcium hydroxide dressing completely resolved patient’s symptoms. The follow-up radiographs revealed an interesting finding: gradual shift in the separated fragment position into the radicular space allowing a successful nonsurgical removal of the broken instrument. In conclusion, the reaction of periodontal tissues to an extruded instrument fragment remaining in situ may be favourable; thus, a risk and benefit analysis approach is essential to fractured instrument retrieval.
The Effect of Lay Length on the Antipull Performance of Steel Cords and the Spinning Loss Based on the FEM
Authors: Lu Lin , Chen Zhuxin , Yao Lili , Zhou Jie , Xue Feng , Song Hongwu
Published: January 2022

This paper is mainly aimed at 0.28 + 6 × 0.26 steel cords and 0.26 + 6 × 0.24 steel cords under different lay length conditions through the ABAQUS finite element analysis software to limit the tensile performance of the steel cord and the stress field distribution during the tensile loading. Based on the finite meta-analysis, in this experiment, the tensile simulation of the same kind of steel cord at the twist lay length of 5 mm, 7 mm, 9 mm, 11 mm, 13 mm, and 15 mm was carried out under the condition of 2 mm/s. The results show that, under certain conditions of other process conditions, with the increase of the twisting distance of the steel cord strands, the strength of the steel cord increases, the deformability decreases, the stress concentration decreases, and the spinning loss decreases. The spinning loss formula is modified to reduce the calculation error.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Livestock Owners and Livestock Assistants towards African Trypanosomiasis Control in The Gambia
Authors: Kargbo Alpha , Jawo Edrisa , Amoutchi Amien Isaac , Koua Herve , Kuye Rex , Dabre Zainabou , Bojang Abdoulie , Vieira Rafael F. C.
Published: January 2022

Background. In Africa, it has been estimated that 50 million cattle and 70 million sheep and goats are at risk of animal African trypanosomiasis, and three million cattle die annually. Methods. This study was conducted in all the regions of The Gambia except Kombo Saint Mary Island (Banjul). Structured questionnaires were administered to 440 randomly selected livestock owners and 23 livestock assistants, and 7 focus group discussions were held for both livestock owners and livestock assistants. The data were analyzed mainly using descriptive statistics and content analysis methods. Results. A total of 94.5% and 75% of livestock owners reported having seen tsetse and horse flies, respectively, while 100% of livestock assistants reported having seen tsetse flies. Forty-seven percent of the livestock owners indicated a positive attitude toward control measures, while 42% of them had no idea how to control tsetse flies. On the other hand, 57% of livestock assistants believe that tsetse and horse flies are the main reasons why AAT is still in their community. There was a statistically significant difference between all the respondents’ characteristics and the practices done by livestock owners to prevent AAT vectors from biting their animals. Conclusion. This study shows that trypanosomiasis is still a major problem for livestock health and production in The Gambia, and it requires disease and vector control.
Automatic Calibration Method for Airborne LiDAR Systems Based on Approximate Corresponding Points Model
Authors: Tian Yu , Zhao Yibo , Lei Shaogang , Ji Chuning , Duan Lei , Sedlák Vladimír
Published: January 2022

The calibration of the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system is critical to ensure the accuracy of point data. In this paper, the lever-arm measurement of airborne LiDAR system (ALS) was realized by photogrammetry. An automatic iterative boresight calibration method based on approximate corresponding points (CPs) matching was proposed to correct the boresight misalignment. It was based on iterative closest point (ICP) registration algorithm with a normal space sampling strategy, and approximate CPs were obtained by establishing filter rules. The experimental results showed that the absolute accuracy of the calibrated ALS reached 7.13 cm when the flight altitude was 100 m, meeting the accuracy requirements.
GOLM1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target Modulates B7-H3 Secretion to Drive Ovarian Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Guan Junhua , Qin Yunpeng , Deng Guiyuan , Zhao Haihong
Published: January 2022

Introduction. This study was aimed at exploring whether the Golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1) enhanced ovarian cancer metastasis through B7-H3-dependent way. Methods. We collected the ovarian cancer patient samples from available databases including GEPIA, starBase, and Protein Altas that have GOLM1 and B7-H3 mRNA and protein expression. Ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 was purchased. Knockdown GOLM1 and B7-H3 cell lines were obtained through introducing shRNAs by lentivirus package system, while GOLM1 or B7-H3 overexpression cell line was obtained by introducing GOLM1 full-length gene. Furthermore, wound-healing assay and Transwell assay were performed to assess tumor invasion and metastasis abilities; related proteins’ expression was quantitated by western blotting, ELISA, and flow cytometry assay. The protein interaction was quantified by co-immunoprecipitation. Results. GOLM1 has the correlative expression pattern with B7-H3 in ovarian cancer through patient sample databases (R = 0.421). GOLM1 knockdown had minimal impact on B7-H3 mRNA synthesis, while downregulated B7-H3 protein expression on tumor membrane and soluble B7-H3 (sB7-H3) level (

p
<
0.05

) through physical interaction, GOLM1 knockdown, significantly reduce tumor invasion and metastasis in vitro (

p
<
0.05

). Moreover, exogenous sB7-H3 significantly rescued this inhibitory effect. Both GOLM1 and B7-H3 knockdown restrained tumor growth and metastasis in immunodeficient mice and prolonged the survival rate. Conclusions. GOLM1 acts as an initial oncogenic driving gene by promoting ovarian cancer invasion and metastasis through modulating B7-H3 protein maturation and secretion.
The Clinical Efficacy of Minimally Invasive Clamp-Assisted Reduction and Open Reduction with Wire Cerclage for Unstable Subtrochanteric Fractures
Authors: Liu Dong , Liu Hong-zhi , Ma Ming-liang , Zhou Nan , Wang Hui
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical effectiveness of minimally invasive clamp-assisted reduction and open reduction with wire cerclage and intramedullary nails for unstable subtrochanteric fractures. Between January 2016 and October 2019, 68 patients who had unstable subtrochanteric fractures experienced intramedullary nail surgery in this retrospective study. There were 41 cases in the minimally invasive clamp or closed reduction group (group A) and 27 cases in the open reduction with wire cerclage group (group B). There were 3 cases of complications in group A and 2 cases of complications in group B. Remarkable distinction was observed between the two groups in the operation time (

p
<
0.05

), quality of reduction (

p
<
0.05

), and union time (

p
<
0.05

). For the successful surgical treatment of unstable femoral subtrochanteric fractures, an anatomical reduction is crucial. Reduction and wire cerclage are cut to give medial support for the anatomical reduction, which has a positive effect on fracture healing.
Correlation Analysis of Population Educational Structure and Program Audience Share Based on Multisample Regression for Correction
Authors: Chen Jingyuan , Wu Han
Published: January 2022

In order to solve the problem of mismatch of supply and demand of TV programs in different regions, this article attempts to start with the influencing factors of the demand structure of programs and explore ways to improve or solve this problem of mismatch of supply and demand. The population needs to accurately correlate with the TV program, and educational structure is mainly taken into consideration. The objective of this study is to analyze the correlation between the population’s educational structure and the share of program rating using sampling of population. The method of multisample regression is used with the combination and derives the conclusion that the educational structure of the population has a significant impact on the share of program ratings. The proposed method introduces the population and the share of program ratings as explanatory variables and explained variables into the regression model to verify whether the educational structure of the population will affect the share of program ratings. Both the full-sample benchmark regression and robustness test results show that the educational structure of the population does affect the show’s viewing share. The impact is mainly manifested in the difference in the impact of the proportion of the population of different educational backgrounds on the audience share of the same type of program. In order to increase the effective supply of programs, each region should arrange programs according to local conditions, and the presentation of programs should reflect stepped characteristics.
Application of Fuzzy Linear Programming Model in Agricultural Economic Management
Authors: Wang Yuping
Published: January 2022

Fuzzy linear programming has a wide range of applications in agricultural economic management. In this paper, the mathematical model of fuzzy linear programming was studied in detail, and then under the restriction of elastic constraints, the f(ti) and g(t0) function expressions and their optimal solutions were obtained. Subsequently, the fuzzy linear programming was applied to the agricultural economic management of the five urban areas of Zhengzhou, and its applicability was studied. The results showed that the f(ti) and g(t0) function expressions obtained by different stretch degrees were not the same, and both had a unique optimal solution. In addition, the mathematical model based on fuzzy linear programming could well predict the pull force in agricultural economic management, so as to provide theoretical support for the application of fuzzy linear programming.
Effect of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Training Program in Orthopedic Nursing of Patients with Residual Limb Injury Caused by Crush
Authors: Zhou Haihong , Yu Tongyao
Published: January 2022

This study was developed to explore the role and application value of a comprehensive rehabilitation training (CRT) program based on the remote monitoring system of limb rehabilitation training (LRT-RM system) in the rehabilitation nursing of patients with residual limb injuries caused by crush. The LRT-RM system was constructed based on the characteristics of limb movement and using the time-domain analysis method and support vector machine (SVM). The 84 crush injury patients were selected as the research objects and divided into a control group (Con group, received conventional rehabilitation therapy) and a CRT group (received conventional rehabilitation therapy + functional training) according to different therapies, with 42 people in each group. The incidence of compound injuries and the incidence of residual limb injuries were counted and compared for patients in two groups. The differences in renal function, blood electrolytes, and biochemical indicators before and after treatment were analyzed. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) scale was selected to evaluate the improvement of physical and mental health of the patients before treatment and 1 month (time point (TP1)), 3 months (TP2), 6 months (TP3), and 12 months (TP4) after the treatment. It was found that, after the intervention, the values of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), K+, P3+, and white blood cells (WBC) of patients in CRT group were obviously lower than those of Con group (

P

 < 0.05), and the values of carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP), Ca2+, hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), total protein (TP), and albumin (ALB) were obviously higher than the values in Con group (

P

 < 0.05). In the CRT group, the residual limb injury rate was lower in elbow, wrist, shoulder joint, ankle joint, and toe (

P

 < 0.05) and extremely lower in knee joint in contrast to that in the Con group (

P

 < 0.001). The score of SF-36 was dramatically higher than that in the Con group (

P

 < 0.05). It suggested that the CRT program based on the LRT-RM system was helpful for the rehabilitation of patients with crush injuries, and it can reduce the incidence of residual limb injuries in patients. Results of this study could provide a reference basis for the treatment of residual limb injuries caused by crush.
Damage of Rock Mass by Double-Hole Blasting with Slit Charge and Development of Stress Wave under High In Situ Stress
Authors: Zhang Jianyu , Liu Zegong , Fu Shigui , Qiao Guodong
Published: January 2022

To study the influence of high ground stress on crack propagation and stress propagation during deep rock blasting, a theoretical model of blasting stress wave propagation and rock damage under in situ stress conditions is developed. The implicit-display coupling method of ANSYS/LS-DYNA is used to numerically simulate the double-hole blasting of the slit charge under two-way equal pressure and two-way different pressures. A theoretical analysis shows that, in blasting under ground stress conditions, at the near end of the blasting source, the loading stress does not increase sufficiently upon unloading, and the stress wave peak value decreases with the increase in ground stress, while the opposite behavior is obtained at the far end of the blasting source. Under the two-way isostatic condition, the crack that develops at 45° deviates from the principal stress direction. Under the condition of two-way different pressures, the crack develops in the direction of θ (θ = arctan (σx/σy)) with the principal stress angle. The numerical results under the two-way equal pressure conditions show that a higher ground stress leads to a larger suppression of the blasting effect. When the ground stress is smaller, the slit charge cannot be effectively suppressed, and the cracks are biased toward the cutting direction. The numerical results under two-way different pressures show that the in situ stress has a significant inhibitory effect on the vertical cracks and that the cracks are more likely to develop in the direction of high stress after blasting. These results provide a reference for directional blasting of deep rock masses.