bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pendekatan Rakan Sebaya Sebagai Media Berkesan dalam Pengurusan Warga Emas Muslim: Satu Kajian Kes di Persatuan Warga Emas di Lembah Klang
Authors: Ab Rahman Othman
Published: December 2020

Issues related to elderly management has since been discussed widely. Until today, comprehensive solution to satisfy every stakeholder related to elderly management is still unresolved. The establishment of elderly club in Klang Valley had gained researcher’s interest. Hence, two (2) ethnographic research has been conducted at these association. Qualitative date has been collected via document analysis, interview and researchers involvement in these club. The result shows that the elderly gained positive impact by joining the club activity. The club’s 11 years establishment with more than 400 members is part of their achievement to be proud of. Their participation in golf tournament and badminton friendly match in other country adds to the club’s success story. The researcher also found that the elderly had actively organizing Hari Raya event, Family Day and also National Sports Day celebration.  These findings proves that the elderly club had instilled cooperation between its member hence fulfilling four of their needs such as recreation, mobility, love and interpersonal communication. The researcher observed that peer group approach will be able to function as an effective medium for Muslim elderly management.

ABSTRAK

Isu pengurusan warga emas sering diperbincangkan kerana masih belum menemui jawapan yang memuaskan kepada semua pihak. Penubuhan kelab warga emas di Lembah Klang telah menarik perhatian pengkaji. Satu kajian kes etnografi telah dijalankan terhadap dua buah kelab dan persatuan warga emas di sekitar Lembah Klang. Data kualitatif diperolehi melalui pemerhatian, analisis dokumen, temubual dan penglibatan turut serta terhadap organisasi berkenaan. Dapatan menunjukkan terdapat elemen-elemen positif apabila warga emas menyertai kelab atau persatuan warga emas. Antaranya, kejayaan kelab beroperasi lebih 11 tahun yang telah diurus dengan baik  dengan keahliannya mencecah lebih  400 orang. Dapatan juga menunjukkan kejayaan kelab sehingga mampu membawa pasukan badminton dan golf mengadakan perlawanan persahabatan di luar negara. Selain itu, kelab warga emas ini juga berjaya mengadakan aktiviti-aktiviti sosial lain seperti Sambutan Hari Raya Aidil Fitri, Program Hari Keluarga, Sambutan Hari Sukan Negara. Dapatan di atas menunjukkan bahawa aktiviti kelab warga emas berjaya  mengerakkan kerjasama antara rakan sebaya sehingga mampu memenuhi empat keperluan lain iaitu rekreasi, kebolehan bergerak, kasih sayang serta kebolehan berinteraksi. Kesimpulannya pendekatan rakan sebaya mampu menjadi media yang berkesan untuk pengurusan warga emas Muslim.
Analisis Gambaran Perumpamaan Tentang Hari Kiamat dalam Juzuk Amma
Authors: Wan Ahmad Wan Azura , Mohd Zainal Abidin Ahmad Fazullah , Mohamed Yuslina
Published: December 2020

The Day of  Resurrection is the day of fear for every man who believes in the fifth pillar of faith. The Day of  Resurrection is one of the main issues discussed in the Qur'an. The article aims to give a clear picture to humans about the day of Resurrection by manifest imagery in the visible world. To achive this goal, this study analyzes some of the beauty of the Quranic style of language in discussing the issue of the Day of Resurrection, and the description of its dread and the chaos through  the simile. This article uses qualitative methods through the analysis of the selected verses  from parts in Juzuk Amma  as an example as well as the opinion of the shcolars through selected exegexis books. The study found that various types of linguistic style and simile have been used by the Qur'an to illustrate the style  of the Day of Resurrection such as the complete destruction of the universe with the use of tashbih mujmal, tashbih baligh and so on.

ABSTRAK

Hari Kiamat merupakan hari yang digeruni oleh setiap manusia yang mengimani rukun iman yang kelima. Isu hari Kiamat adalah antara isu utama yang dibincangkan dalam al-Quran. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran yang jelas kepada manusia tentang hari kiamat yang ghaib melalui perumpamaan yang nyata di alam dunia. Bagi mencapai tujuan tersebut, kajian ini menganalisa beberapa keindahan gaya bahasa al-Quran dalam membicarakan persoalan hari Kiamat, gambaran tentang kedahsyatannya serta huru- hara suasana hari tersebut melalui retorik perumpamaan. Artikel ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan analisis hanya beberapa ayat dari surah-surah terpilih dalam Juzuk Amma sebagai contoh serta pendapat ulamak tafsir melalui kitab-kitab tafsir terpilih. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa pelbagai jenis gaya bahasa dan perumpamaan telah digunakan oleh al-Quran bagi menggambarkan kegerunan hari Kiamat seperti kehancuran menyeluruh alam semesta dengan penggunaan tashbih mursal mujmal, tashbih baligh dan sebagainya.
Penentuan Status Air Banjir dari Perspektif Analisis Fiqh
Authors: Mohd Noor Mohd Izzuddin , Mohd Noor Fatimah Nadirah
Published: December 2020

The determination of the status of flood water is very important for the flood victims in order to perform worship. This writing uses qualitative methods by collecting information from the turath and contemporary books and scholar fatwa. The comparison analysis of these views is made from the sources collected. This article also intends to determine the exact conclusion regarding the status of the flood water from the health aspect. The study found the status of flood water law is classified as pure and purified water by emphasizing some of the conditions that need to be met when using it during worship.

ABSTRAK

Penentuan status mengenai air banjir sangat penting bagi melancarkan urusan  mangsa banjir untuk melakukan ibadah. Penulisan ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan maklumat daripada kitab-kitab turath dan kontemporari beserta fatwa-fatwa ulama. Daripada sumber maklumat ini, kemudiannya analisis perbandingan terhadap pandangan-pandangan ini dibuat. Penulisan ini juga akan melihat daripada aspek kesihatan bagi menghasilkan kesimpulan yang betul berkenaan dengan status hukum air banjir. Hasil kajian mendapati, secara umumnya status hukum air banjir ialah ianya tergolong sebagai air yang bersifat suci dan menyucikan dengan menekankan beberapa syarat yang perlu dipenuhi ketika ingin menggunakannya ketika beribadah.
Analisis Perbandingan Fatwa Malaysia dan Indonesia: Kajian Terhadap Isu-Isu Halal yang Terpilih
Authors: Pauzi Norhidayah , Man Saadan , Syed Jaafar Syed Mohd. Jeffri
Published: December 2020

In the determination of Islamic law, there are two main principles used namely 'al-thabit' and 'al-mutaghayyir'. With the principle of 'al-thabit' and 'al-mutaghayyir' proves that Islam is practiced at all times and circumstances as Islam accepts any changes or differences that occur in society as long as it does not violate the fundamental principles of Islam. The difference in fatwa decisions issued between Malaysia and Indonesia has caused polemic among Muslims. Hence, this article will analyze the fatwas that have been decided between Malaysia and Indonesia on certain selected halal issues. Methods of documentation and interview methods have been used to obtain authentic and authoritative data. The findings show that Malaysia is still bound by the practice of Syafii Madhhab in determining the law on halal products. In contrast to Indonesia that is open to accepting views other than the Shafii Madhhab in determining the law besides taking different uruf and maslahah in both countries.

ABSTRAK

Dalam penentuan hukum Islam, terdapat dua prinsip utama yang digunakan iaitu ‘al-thabit’ dan ‘al-mutaghayyir’. Dengan adanya prinsip ‘al-thabit’ dan ‘al-mutaghayyir’ membuktikan Islam sesuai dipraktikkan pada setiap masa dan keadaan kerana Islam menerima sebarang perubahan atau perbezaan yang berlaku dalam masyarakat selagi mana ia tidak melanggar prinsip-prinsip asas Islam. Perbezaan keputusan fatwa yang dikeluarkan di antara Malaysia dan Indonesia telah menimbulkan polemik dalam kalangan masyarakat Islam. Justeru, artikel ini akan menganalisis secara perbandingan fatwa yang telah diputuskan di antara Malaysia dan Indonesia terhadap beberapa isu halal yang terpilih. Metode dokumentasi dan metode temu bual telah digunakan untuk mendapatkan data-data yang sahih dan berautoriti. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan Malaysia masih terikat dengan pengamalan Mazhab Syafii dalam penentuan hukum terhadap produk halal. Berbeda dengan Indonesia yang terbuka dalam menerima pandangan selain Mazhab Shafii dalam menentukan hukum disamping pengambilan uruf dan maslahah yang berbeza di kedua-dua buah negara ini.
الأساس القانوني لمسؤولية الشركة القابضة في ضوء أحكام القانون التجاري الليبي والقانونين المصري والجزائري وموقف الفقه الإسلامي
Authors: ADHIR MOHAMED MOHAMED
Published: December 2020

لم يقم المشرع الليبي والمشرعين المصري والجزائري بالعمل على تضمين النصوص القانونية التي من شأنها بيان مسؤولية الشركة القابضة عن اعمال الشركات التابعة واصدار اللوائح المتعلقة بالاجراءات التي يجب اتباعها بالخصوص

الامر الذى يترتب علية تعرض مصالح المساهمين ، والدائنين ، والغير المتعامل مع الشركات التابعة إلى خطر الإضرار والتعدي في ظل عدم وجود تنظيم تشريعي يبين بشكل واضح الحالات التي تتم فيها مساءلة الشركة القابضة عن أعمال الشركات التابعة لها، والكيفية التي يمكن من خلالها الرجوع عليها لاستيفاء الحقوق المترتبة على الشركات التابعة 

وتكمن مشكلة البحث في قيام بعض التشريعات بتنظيم الشركة القابضة وعلاقتها بالشركات التابعة لها دون وضع الضوابظ والنصوص التي يمكن أن تحدد حدود وأساس المسؤولية ،يودى إلى الاضرار والتعدى على حقوق الشركات التابعة والغير.لذا هدف البحث إلى دراسة التنظيم القانوني لمسؤولية الشركة القابضة في التشريع الليبي والتشريعين المصري والجزائري والوقوف على كافة مايشوب هذه التنظيمات من قصور وبيان موقف الفقة الاسلامي من هذه المسؤولية .

ولتحقيق هذا الهدف اتبع الباحث المنهج المقارن والتحليلي وذلك لتحليل النصوص المتعلقة بمسؤولية الشركة القابضة بالقانون التجاري الليبي ، ومقارنتها بالنصوص الواردة في كل من القانونين المصري ، والجزائري ، ومعرفة موقف الفقه الإسلامي بشأنـها. وتوصّل الباحث إلى ما يأتي :لم ينظم المشرع الليبي مسؤولية الشركة القابضة عن أعمال الشركات التابعة، إلا أنه بين مسؤولية القائمين عن إدارة الشركة القابضة واعتبارهم مسؤولين عن الأخطاء الجسيمة التي تقع من جانبهم .

ترك المشرع المصري مهمة تحديد مسؤولية الشركة القابضة عن أعمال الشركات التابعة للقضاء ولم يتناولها بالتنظيم .

الأساس القانوني لمسؤولية الشركة القابضة عن أعمال الشركات التابعة في الفقه الإسلامي موجودة وهناك العديد من القواعد الفقهية التي من الممكن الاستناد إليها في بيان هذه المسؤولية " كقاعدة الضمان، وقاعدة المباشر والمتسبب .
Hukum Pemakaian dan Zakat Suasa dan Emas
Authors: Ahmab Sabri Ahmab Zaharubbin Sani
Published: December 2020

World has already stepped into progressive era with society capability in affording to possess item not only of their own needs, but for their ornament and luxury. Gold and silver are among decorative goods liked to be owned by human to portray individual status and pride. A part from that it's also acts as useful forms of investment due to its value and stable price. Nowadays, due to its' high demand, gold and silver have been revolutionized into various forms by using technological development and specialist's skill, especially by mixing it with copper, alloy and palladium, gold end up transforming into various kinds of decorative goods such as white gold and ormolu. However this new revolution arises with many new problems which need to find solution or fatwa. For instance when essential goods form such as crockery, glass etc, created from gold how should it been address in Islam. How about white gold and ormolu that are created from transforming gold, should it be zakat(ed)? If gold is strictly for women and silver for men and to who white gold and ormolu exclusively address? Hence, this study will try to untie multiple views of Islamic scholars, selected qaul, beside making juhud through reasoning aqliah on current problem-oriented scenario.

 Abstrak

Dunia sudah melangkah ke zaman era kemajuan dengan kapasiti masyarakat sudah mampu memiliki tahap ekonomi yang stabil juga sudah boleh memiliki sesuatu barangan yang bukan sahaja bagi kegunaan keperluan bahkan untuk perhiasan dan kemewahan. Emas dan perak merupakan salah satu barangan perhiasan yang amat digemari untuk dimiliki sebagai lambang status kebanggaan seseorang individu malah ia juga sebagai satu bentuk pelaburan berguna kerana emas  dan perak merupakan harta yang semakin tinggi nilai dan harganya selepas pembelian. Lantaran permintaan yang tinggi terhadap barangan ini maka, emas dan perak telah direvolusikan dalam pelbagai bentuk hasil dari perkembangan teknologi dan kemahiran pakar yang semakin meningkat. Percampuran emas dan perak, tembaga dan emas, termasuk juga aloi serta palladium dengan emas juga akhirnya membentuk pelbagai jenis barangan perhiasan lelaki dan wanita seperti yang ada di pasaran kini antaranya seperti emas putih dan suasa. Namun disebabkan berlakunya revolusi ini banyak permasalahan baru yang timbul dan perlu dicari resolusi penyelesaiannya. Bila emas ini dijadikan bentuk barangan keperluan seperti pinggan mangkuk, gelas dan sebagainya, bagaimana pula hukumnya disisi Islam. Apakah hukum pemakaian emas putih dan suasa? Bagaimana pula dengan pembayaran zakat? Apakah hukum pembayaran zakat emas putih dan apakah ada keperluan pembayaran barangan emas yang menjadi mas kahwin kerana ia bukan barangan perhiasan. Kepada siapakah hak esklusif emas putih dan suasa ini jika emas memang untuk wanita dan perak untuk lelaki? Justeru itu, kajian ini akan cuba merungkai pandangan, qawl-qawl yang terpilih di samping membuat juhud melalui pena’kulan aqliah terhadap senario permasalahan semasa kini.
منهجية مئسسات الجتهاد الجماعي في السودان: دراسة تحليلية حول مجمع الفقه الإسلامي وهيئات الرقابة الشرعية المصرفية
Authors: بشير الشريف محمد شريف , خالد محمد يوسف
Published: December 2020

The main objective of this paper is to examine the role of collective Ijtihad institutions in Sudan with special reference to the Islamic Fiqh Academy of Sudan (IFA-Sudan) and the Shari'a supervisory boards in Islamic banks. The paper begins with a background of fatwa history in Sudan, focusing particularly on the experience of the Islamic Fiqh Academy (IFA-Sudan), which is a leading institution in the area of collective Ijtihad, through the powers granted to it as an official fatwa institution and discusses its contribution diverse to both society and the state. This paper presents an overview of selected models of Shari'a supervisory boards in Islamic banks and financial institutions including the High Shari'a Supervisory Council (HSSC) in Central Bank of Sudan. It provides also in-depth and strong understanding of Shari'a consultancy mechanisms in Islamic banks and their role in fatwas harmonization in financial matters. Through discussion emphases have given to the working approaches and procedures for the issuance of fatwa and its reinforcement mechanism from the perspective and practices of Islamic law in Sudan. This paper highlights some significant results on the importance of institutions of collective ijtihad, especially in public issues and emerging subjects. In conclusion, some policy implications have been mentioned on the development of fatwa management and use of modern technology to communicate between Shari'a supervisory boards in Islamic Banks and other financial institutions within and outside the country, and the interaction with the public, through answering their religious questions.

ملخص البحث

يتناول هذا البحث موضوع الجتهاد الجماعي من خلال دور مؤسسات الفتوى في السودان, ويعرض تجاربها في مجال الإفتاء, وإدارة شؤونه. و يركز البحث على تقويم تجربة مجمع الفقه الإسلامي بالسودان, واللذي يعتبر مؤسسة رائدة في مجال الاجتهاد الجماعي, من خلال الصلاحيات الممنوحة له, وما يعرض أمامه من القضايا الدينية في كافة شؤون الحياة, ومجالاتها. كما يعرض البحث نماذج مختارة من تجارب هيئات الرقابة الشرعية للمصارف والمؤسسات المالية الإسلامية بالسودان, و يبين أساليب عملها, والإجراءات المتبعة لديها في إصدار الفتوى الجماعية. ويحاول البحث أن يخلص إلى نتائج مهمة حول أهمية مؤسسات الإجتهاد الجماعي, وضرورة استمرارها في تقديم الفتوى الشرعية, خاصة في القضايا العامة, والمسائل المستجدة بما يشمل مسائل المعاملات والأسرة, والقضايا الطبية والعلمية, إضافة إلى ما يخص الدولة, و المؤسسات, وأفراد المجتمع من قضايا اجتماعية, وسياسية. وفي الختام يقدم البحث توصيات عامة بشأن تطوير هيئات الإفتاء من ناحية إدارتها, واستخدم وسائل التقنية الحديثة في التواصل مع هيئات الإفتاء داخل البلاد وخرجها, والتفاعل مع الجمهور, والإجابة عن أسئلته, واستفتاءاته الدينية.
Al-Jallalah : Konsep dan Fatwa Semasa di Malaysia
Authors: Jamaludin Mohammad Aizat , Ramli Mohd Anuar , Ab. Rahman Suhaimi
Published: December 2020

The development of modern livestock and agriculture industry has produced a lot of products which are more rapid and economically advantageous. Recently, polemics has arisen in poultry industry in terms of sanctity of animals being fed by najs and filth that can be considered as al-jallalah and whether the animals are halal or haram to be consumed by human. This study focuses on the concept of al- jallalah from the fiqh perspective. Observations are based on legal sources of Islam, including the current fatwa in Malaysia. This study suggest that fish and plants that live in unclean environments may be presumed (Qiyas) as al-jallalah. As a solution, al-istibra’ instrument is a method that can be used as an alternative to purify al-jallalah by disappearing its odor, taste and color.

Keywords: al-Jallalah, fatwa, al-Istibra’, fiqh, Islamic law

Abstrak

Perkembangan moden industri penternakan dan pertanian telah menghasilkan produk hasil tani yang lebih pantas, ekonomik lagi menguntungkan. Dewasa ini, timbul polemik dalam industri penternakan berhubung dengan status kesucian haiwan yang diberi makanan kotoran dan najis, yang boleh dianggap sebagai al-Jallalah, sama ada haiwan tersebut halal untuk dimakan atau haram. Kajian ini memfokuskan konsep al-Jallalah menurut perspektif fiqh. Penelitian akan dilakukan berasaskan sumber perundangan Islam termasuk fatwa semasa di Malaysia. Hasil kajian mendapati, terdapat beberapa isu semasa seperti ikan dan tumbuhan yang dibesarkan dalam persekitaran najis yang boleh dikiaskan dengan haiwan al-Jallalah. Sebagai penyelesaiannya, instrumen al-Istibra’ dapat dijadikan medium penyucian al-Jallalah sehingga hilang bau, rasa dan warna.

Kata kunci: al-Jallalah, fatwa, al-istibra’, fiqh, perundangan Islam
Pengaruh Perbezaan Realiti Ekonomi, Politik, Demografi dan Perundangan Terhadap Penetapan Fatwa di Malaysia dan Singapura
Authors: Abdul Rahman Noor Naemah , Dato’ Dahaman@Dahlan Mohd Akram , Abdullah Muhammad Najib
Published: December 2020

Humans always face several elements of change and differences in their lives. These elements involve time, place and circumstance, comprising every aspect of life whether in economics, politics, social relations or culture, all of which are structurally related to the function of the worldview and the resulting individual/societal attitudes.  Each of these elements has it role and impact on human social lives. They affect the process in producing fatwas as a medium of explaining the Islamic provisions in order to solve the problems of society.   The differences that exist between Malaysia and Singapore especially involving Muslims are the factors of socio-economic, socio-politics and socio-demographic are seen as contributable factors which can impact the process of producing fatwa in both states.  Keywords: Change, Difference, Social, Fatwa, Malaysia, Singapore.

Abstrak

Manusia sentiasa berhadapan dengan unsur-unsur perubahan dan perbezaan merentasi masa, tempat dan keadaan. Unsur-unsur ini meliputi pelbagai aspek kehidupan sama ada ekonomi, politik, sosial, budaya dan lain-lain yang melibatkan struktur, fungsi, lembaga, pandangan hidup dan sikap manusia dalam masyarakat. Setiap unsur-unsur ini mempunyai pengaruh yang memberi kesan terhadap kehidupan sosial masyarakat manusia. Kesan ini turut melibatkan proses penetapan fatwa sebagai medium pemakluman hukum Islam terhadap permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat. Perbezaan yang wujud di antara Malaysia dan Singapura terutama yang menyentuh faktor sosio-ekonomi, sosio-politik, sosio-demografi dan sosio-perundangan yang melatari kehidupan masyarakat Islam dilihat cukup berpengaruh dan memberi kesan kepada penetapan fatwa di kedua-dua negara.

Kata kunci: Perubahan, Perbezaan, Sosial, Fatwa, Malaysia, Singapura.
الفتاوى عبر الفضائيات
Authors: عبد الله المرزوقي حسن محمد , محمد حماد حمزة عبد الكريم
Published: December 2020

الملخص

جاءت هذه الورقة لتتناول موضوع الفتاوى عبر الفضائيات، وتتحدد مشكلة البحث من خلاله عنوانه، إذ تتمركز المشكلة في الفتاوى عبر  بالحلول المقترحة، ًالفضئيات ماهيتها، وإيجابياتها وسلبياتها، خروجا وفي ضوء هذه المشكلة فإن البحث يهدف إلى:  تحليل ماهية الفتوى عبر الفضائيات، وبيان إيجابيات الفتاوى عبر الفضائيات، وعرض الآثار  بطرح ضوابط وحلول مقترحة، ًالسلبية للفتوى عبر الفضائيات، خروجا وقد اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي الذي يصف الظاهرة كما هي في الواقع ثم تفكيك مفرداتها وتحليلها. أما أبرز نتائج الدراسة، فقد توصلت إلى أن الفتوى هي الجواب عن مسألة دينية، لمن سأل عنها، أما الإفتاء عبر الفضائيات، فإن برامج الإفتاء عبر الفضائيات، تظهر في الغالب على نوعين: برامج الفتوى المسجلة ، وبرامج الفتوى المباشرة. كما أن الباحثان وقفا على أبرز إيجابيات ًمسبقا الفتاوى عبر الفضائيات؛ ومنها: توضيح الحكم الشرعي فيما يواجهه الناس من واقعات، ونشر الثقافة الفقهية، إضافة إلى نشر الثقافة المذهبية  عن التقريب بين المذاهب. ًوتعريف الناس بآراء المذاهب الأخرى، فضلا أما الآثار السلبية للفتوى عبر الفضائيات، فقد توصل الباحثان إلى جملة منها: نشر الآراء الفقهية الشاذة والمهجورة، وإضعاف الوحدة المذهبية في المجتمعات، إضافة إلى إحداث بلبلة وحيرة بين المسلمين، وسيادة  عن انتشار فتاوى شاذة تحتاج ًروح المتاجرة عند بعض القنوات، فضلا إلى مراجعة، وكذلك عدم مراعاة أحوال كل بلد وظروف كل مجتمع. واختتمت الدراسة بعرض بعض الضوابط والحلول المقترحة، ومنها: تجنب اتباع الهوى في الفتوى، والابتعاد عن تتبع الرخص والأقوال الشاذة، والروايات المرجوحة، إضافة إلى تجنب التساهل في الفتوى، أما المقترحات، فقد ارتأى الباحثان ضرورة قيام لجنة الفتوى أو مركز الفتوى الرسمي في الدولة باختيار الأكفاء للإفتاء عبر الفضائيات، وحصر ذلك فيهم، إضافة إلى تنظيم الإفتاء وتقنينه، من خلال وضع آليات متعددة، منها تخصيص المفتي بنوع من المسائل، واشتراط الشورى في الفتوى الجماعية، وتحديد منهج الفتاوى، ووضع ضوابط الفتوى، مع الاهتمام بزيادة مساحة الزمن المخصص للفتاوى المباشرة في الفضائيات بالقدر الكافي للإجابة على  عن إعداد المفتين، وعمل اجتماعات دورية لمن ًالأسئلة المطروحة، فضلا يتقلد منصب الإفتاء للمراجعة وتوضيح ما يستجد، من مهمات العلماء، والمؤسسات العلمية الدينية للحد من الإخلال بالفتوى.

 الكلمات المفتاحية: الفتاوى، الفضائيات، الآثار.
Kepentingan Maqasid Syariah dalam Berfatwa di Malaysia
Authors: Ghazali Mohd Rumaizuddin
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the definition of the principles of Shari’ah (maqasid shari’ah), its categories, the terminologies used to define the maqasid and the importance of ijtihad. The author elaborates that the maqasid is categorised into (i) the general principles (maqasid umum), (ii) the specific principles (maqasid khas), and (iii) the selected principles (maqasid al-juz’iyyah). The categorisation of maqasid shari’ah according to public interest (maslahat) is divided into (i) daruriyyat, (ii) hajiyyat, and (iii) tahsiniyyat. The historical development of this discipline of knowledge (‘ilm) is also elaborated. The author believes that the term “maqasid” with expanded understanding such as that of ibn Ashur is more encompassing. Ibn Ashur’s view is to protect man’s overall life system and it is not restricted to the five core jurisdictions (kuliyyat al-khams) as espoused by traditional jurists (fuqaha). Nonetheless, the differences in the understanding and use of the term “maqasid” between the traditional and contemporary fuqaha remain.

Keywords: Maqasid shariah, wisdom of hukm, maqasid – based fatwa `illat

Abstrak

Artikel ini membicarakan mengenai takrif maqasid Syariah, pembahagian, istilah yang digunakan dalam menggambarkan maqasid dan kepentingan dalam berijtihad. Penulis menghuraikan maqasid terbahagi kepada maqasid umum, maqasid khas dan maqasid sebahagian (al-juz’iyyah), pembahagian maqasid Syariah mengikut maslahah terbahagi kepada tiga iaitu Daruriyyat, Hajiyyat dan Tahsiniyyat di samping sejarah perkembangan ilmu ini. Penulis berpendapat istilah maqasid dengan kefahaman yang lebih meluas skop seperti pendapat Ibn Ashur iaitu memelihara sistem kehidupan manusia dan tidak terikat dengan Kuliyyat al-Khams (asas lima) seperti yang dinyatakan oleh fuqaha terdahulu. Bagi fuqaha tradisi dan semasa terdapat perbezaan dalam menggunakan istilah yang berkaitan maqasid.

Kata kunci: Maqasid syariah, hikmah hukum, `illat, fatwa berdasarkan maqasid.
Fatwa-Fatwa Berkaitan Pengurusan Ekonomi dan Kewangan Masjid
Authors: Mohd. Ramli Asharaf , Jalil Abdullaah , Hamdan Norman , Haris Asmaddy. , Abd. Aziz Mohd. Aizuddin
Published: December 2020

Management and administration of mosques in Malaysia are under the jurisdiction of the States Islamic Religious Council (SIRC) whereas management and administration of the mosque economy and finance are run by committee members of the mosque under the supervision of the SIRC. There are mosques which have strong economic resources generated by the results of endowment assets such as land, buildings and equipment on hire, as well as the collection of special funds and general fund such as Friday weekly collection. However, in managing the funds raised by the mosques which sometimes accumulate hundreds of thousands of dollars, there is no specific shariah-based guideline to be followed by the mosque administration. This has resulted in the mosques high value funds being frozen and not generated accordingly. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to analyze the fatwas issued by fatwa bodies either in ( Malaysia ) and foreign ( Brunei ) on matters related to the management of income and expenditure of the funds of the mosque. These guidelines will facilitate the management of the mosque to properly administer and manage the funds which have been collected. This article is a part of the research findings related to economic and financial management of mosques in the district of Hulu Langat, Selangor.

Keywords: Mosque, fatwa, endowment, economy, management

Abstrak

Pengurusan dan pentadbiran masjid di Malaysia adalah terletak di bawah bidang kuasa Majlis Agama Islam Negeri-Negeri (MAIN). Manakala pengurusan dan pentadbiran ekonomi dan kewangan masjid- masjid diurus oleh ahli jawankuasa masjid di bawah seliaan MAIN. Terdapat masjid-masjid yang mempunyai sumber ekonomi yang kukuh yang dijana oleh hasil aset-aset wakaf seperti tanah, bangunan dan peralatan yang disewakan selain kutipan tabung-tabung khas dan am seperti tabung hari Jumaat. Namun di dalam menguruskan dana-dana masjid yang adakalanya mencecah ratusan ribu ringgit, tidak terdapat garis panduan khas Shariah untuk diikuti oleh pihak pentadbiran masjid. Ini telah menyebabkan terdapat dana-dana masjid yang bernilai tinggi beku tidak dijana dengan sebaiknya. Justeru, objektif utama kajian ini ialah untuk menganalisa fatwa-fatwa yang dikeluarkan oleh badan- badan fatwa samada di dalam (Malaysia) dan luar negara (Brunei) tentang perkara-perkara yang berkaitan dengan pengurusan pendapatan dan perbelanjaan dana-dana masjid. Dengan adanya garis panduan tersebut akan memudahkan pihak pengurusan masjid mentadbir dan mengurus dana-dana yang diperolehi. Artikel ini adalah sebahagian dari hasil penyelidikan yang dijalankan berkaitan pengurusan ekonomi dan kewangan masjid-masjid di Daerah Hulu Langat, Selangor.

Kata Kunci: Masjid, fatwa, wakaf, ekonomi, pengurusan
Analisis Pentafsiran Mualaf Menurut Islam dan Enakmen Pentadbiran Agama Islam Negeri di Malaysia
Authors: Ab. Rahman Azman , Mohd Subri Irwan , Abdul Mutalib @ Taib Mahazan , Mohd Dali Nuradli Ridzwan Shah , Wan Razali Wan Mohd Fazrul Azdi , Ibrahim Rose Irnawaty , Ismail Norlina
Published: December 2020

Converts is categorised as those entitled to receive zakat in Islam. There are differences in the interpretation of the definition of converts who can influence the distribution of zakat management. The differences that may exist are either non-Muslims that Islam is also likely to be eligible to receive zakat or not. Thus, the objective of this article is to identify the definition of converts by the debate earlier and contemporary scholars of various sects in detail. This article is also analyzes the interpretation of converts in Administration of Islamic Law for every state in Malaysia. This article found that there are some differences in the interpretation of whether the recipient converts the sight of the priests of the sect or the clauses in the Administration of Islamic Law. Scholars agreed to accept the definition of a new converts as individuals who converted to Islam but conflicted opinions in receiving non-Muslims who tends his heart to Islam as part of a convert who is entitled to. This article was expected to present a clearer interpretation of varsiti convert simultaneously triggered a new management model in distribution of zakat assistance. Further research can be done to identify the law using of zakat funds in da’wah of non-Muslims in Malaysia.

Keywords: Converts, Administration of Islamic Law, Muslim Scholars, Da’wah of non-Muslim, Malaysia

Abstrak

Mualaf dikategorikan sebagai golongan yang berhak menerima bahagian zakat dalam Islam. Terdapat perbezaan pentafsiran definisi mualaf yang boleh mempengaruhi pengurusan agihan zakat. Perbezaan yang mungkin wujud adalah sama ada orang bukan Islam yang cenderung kepada Islam juga berhak menerima bahagian zakat ataupun tidak. Justeru, objektif artikel ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti definisi mualaf berdasarkan perbahasan ulama terdahulu dan kontemporari daripada pelbagai madhhab secara terperinci. Artikel ini turut menganalisis pentafsiran mualaf menurut Enakmen Pentadbiran Agama Islam bagi setiap negeri di Malaysia. Artikel ini mendapati bahawa terdapat beberapa perbezaan yang wujud dalam pentafsiran asnaf mualaf sama ada menurut pandangan imam-imam madhhab mahupun klausa-klausa di dalam Enakmen Pentadbiran Agama Islam Negeri. Ulama bersepakat menerima definisi mualaf sebagai individu yang baru memeluk agama Islam tetapi berselisih pendapat dalam menerima orang bukan Islam yang cenderung hatinya kepada Islam sebagai sebahagian daripada mualaf yang berhak ke atas zakat. Artikel ini diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran yang lebih jelas terhadap varsiti pentafsiran mualaf sekaligus mencetuskan model pengurusan baharu dalam agihan bantuan zakat. Kajian lanjutan boleh dilakukan bagi mengenal pasti hukum menggunakan dana zakat dalam dakwah non-Muslim di Malaysia.

Kata kunci: Mualaf, Enakmen Pentadbiran Agama Islam, Ulama Mazhab, Dakwah Non-Muslim, Malaysia
Persepsi Mangsa Banjir Terhadap Pengurusan Pengagihan Sumbangan Bencana Banjir
Authors: Ab. Rahman Azman , Ismail Norlina
Published: December 2020

Flood phenomena caused damage to the property, environment and lead to the death. This phenomenon has attracted many parties either an individual, government, NGO and others to help them. Assistance to flood victims has been distributed in many forms such as financial aid and basic need: food, clothes, housing, medication and other. However, there were several cases involved of flood victims did not receive any assistance or the assistance obtained not sufficient for them. Hence, this article views the perception of flood victims on the distribution management of the flood disaster contribution. This article also will be discussing on the dissatisfaction factors of flood victims towards the management of the flood disaster contribution. The finding of the research found that half of the respondents did not satisfy with the distribution of donation management because the assistance not delivered in accordingly. The implication of the research will be a guideline to the government or NGOs, individuals that involved in flood distribution management in order to be more efficiently. Future studies can be conducted in determining the suitable method in flood distribution management towards floods victim in Malaysia. Keywords: perception, flood victims, distribution, donation, management

Abstrak

Fenomena banjir menyebabkan berlakunya kerosakan dan kemusnahan terhadap alam sekitar dan harta benda, bahkan kehilangan nyawa. Kejadian ini menarik perhatian pelbagai pihak sama ada individu, kerajaan, badan bukan kerajaan (NGO) dan pihak-pihak yang lain untuk membantu mangsa banjir. Bantuan kepada mangsa banjir diberikan dalam pelbagai bentuk seperti bantuan kewangan dan bantuan kelengkapan asas iaitu makanan, pakaian, tempat tinggal, perubatan dan sebagainya. Namun terdapat beberapa kes yang melibatkan mangsa banjir tidak mendapat bantuan ataupun bantuan yang diperolehi tidak dapat melengkapi keperluan asas mereka. Justeru, artikel ini bertujuan untuk melihat persepsi mangsa banjir terhadap pengurusan pengagihan sumbangan bencana banjir. Artikel ini juga akan membincangkan faktor-faktor ketidakpuasan hati mangsa banjir terhadap pengurusan pengagihan sumbangan. Hasil kajian mendapati sebahagian responden tidak berpuas hati dengan pengurusan pengagihan sumbangan mangsa banjir dan faktor utama adalah disebabkan sumbangan tidak sampai kepada mangsa banjir. Implikasi kajian ini dapat dijadikan panduan kepada pihak kerajaan atau NGO-NGO, individu yang terlibat dalam pengurusan pengagihan sumbangan kepada mangsa banjir supaya meningkatkan kecekapan dalam pengurusan sumbangan. Kajian lanjutan perlu dijalankan bagi menentukan kaedah yang terbaik dalam pengurusan pengagihan sumbangan kepada mangsa banjir di Malaysia. Kata kunci: persepsi, mangsa banjir, pengagihan, sumbangan, pengurusan
Kefahaman Fiqh di Pusat Pemindahan Mangsa Banjir: Kajian Perintis di Daerah Temerloh dan Maran, Pahang
Authors: Mohd Subri Irwan , Wan Razali Wan Mohd Fazrul Azdi , Mohd Said Walid , Ahmad Nisar Mohammad , Shaharuddin Amir , Abdul Aziz Mohd Aizuddin , Ibrahim Residi Mohd Azhar , Rasdi Mohd Nur Adzam , Abdul Shukor Syadiyah , Jailani Bilal
Published: December 2020

At the end of 2014, Malaysia was  hit by an extraordinary and massive  flood which affected mainly on its east coast region. The victims, who accounted as more than two hundred thousand people were rescued and placed at flood relief centers. At the relief centres, there were a lot of situations that related closely to Fiqh discipline such as ritual purity, method in performing prayers, mixing and mingling between men and women, islamic funeral  the rulings on lost property and the awareness to refer unresolved issues to experts. In order to determine if the evacuees have good Fiqh understanding upon these issues, an exploratory quantitative study had been conducted among 18 respondents using questionaires. The researchers used convenience sampling method at the district of Maran and Temerloh. As a result, they found the respondent had high level of Fiqh understanding with overall min value 3.87.

Keywords: fiqh, Temerloh, Maran, flood, understanding

Abstrak

Penghujung tahun 2014, Malaysia khususnya di pantai Timur telah dilanda banjir besar yang luar biasa. Mangsa-mangsa yang dipindahkan dan ditempatkan di pusat penempatan melebihi dua ratus ribu orang. Di pusat-pusat penempatan itu, terdapat beberapa keadaan yang berkait rapat dengan fiqh seperti cara bersuci, kaedah mengerjakan solat, batasan pergaulan lelaki-perempuan yang bukan mahram, pengurusan jenazah, hukum mengambil barang yang dijumpai dan kesedaran merujuk pakar dalam hal fiqh yang tidak diketahui. Untuk mengetahui tahap kefahaman warga pusat penempatan terhadap isu-isu ini, satu kajian perintis kuantitatif berbentuk soal selidik telah dijalankan ke atas 18 orang. Pemilihan responden dibuat menggunakan kaedah persampelan mengikut kesenangan (convenience sampling). Dengan menjadikan daerah Temerloh dan Maran sebagai lokasi kajian, penyelidik mendapati responden mempunyai tahap kefahaman Fiqh yang tinggi dengan nilai min keseluruhan 3.87.

Kata kunci: fiqh, Temerloh, Maran, banjir, kefahaman
浅析建筑装饰装修工程中绿色施工技术的有效运用
Authors: 孟 令和
Published: December 2020

近年来，随着我国可持续发展战略的逐步落实，建筑装饰装修行业也逐渐向着绿色、环保、可持续的方向发展，绿色施工技术逐渐在建筑装饰装修中得到广泛的应用。基于此，文章简要介绍了在建筑装饰装修工程中应用绿色施工技术的原则，分析了装饰装修工程施工要点，并从多个角度探讨了绿色施工技术在建筑装饰装修工程中的有效应用。以期能够为相关建筑行业工作者提供有效参考。
连云港港国际客运站工程施工技术管理浅谈
Authors: 程 达
Published: December 2020

目前，连云港港正在使用的港口客运站为临时租用地处连云区陶庵中山路以南的外轮供应公司一处办公场所改建而成，设施较为简陋，难以满足不断增强的口岸查验要求和适应连云港城市形象，为此建设连云港港国际客运站工程十分迫切，而连云港港国际客运站水工工程为陆域建筑设施施工的前提，为了保质保量地完成客运站的建设任务，现场施工技术管理起到了举足轻重的作用。
A Comparison of Classification Performances between the Methods of Logistics Regression and CHAID Analysis in accordance with Sample Size
Authors: Şata Mehmet , ELKONCA Fuat
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study is to analyze how classification performances change in accordance with sample size in logistic regression and CHAID analyses. The dataset used in this study was obtained by means of “Attentional Control Scale.” The scale was applied to 1824 students and the analyses were done by randomly choosing the samples from the dataset. Nine classification criteria were determined in order to evaluate classification performances of logistic regression and CHAID analyses, and the results were interpreted in consideration of these criteria. As a result of the analyses, it was found that classification performance in logistic regression showed no change as sample size increased, and performed a better classification in small sample size (N= between 25 and 900) than CHAID analysis. On the other hand, in the method of CHAID analysis it was seen that classification performance improved as sample size increased, and provided stronger findings in large sample size (N= 1000 and above). Moreover, in classification studies logistic regression analysis yielded more reliable results, and CHAID analysis provided stronger classifications. The results of this study are considered to suggest researchers to select the methods in classification studies based on sample size.
Exploring the Effect of Collaborative Learning on Teacher Candidates’ Intentions to Use Web 2.0 Technologies
Authors: ÜNAL Erhan
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine teacher candidates’ pre and post intentions to use web 2.0 technologies for teaching before and after a collaborative learning process. An extended TAM was used in the current study. This study was designed as a one-group pretest-posttest design with 56 teacher candidates. In the experiment process, the instructor taught the design principles and how to use and design instructional materials with selected web 2.0 technologies. Then the teacher candidates worked in small groups to design the instructional materials with web 2.0 technologies. The data collection tool was administered before and after the experiment. Data were analyzed through partial least squares structural equation modeling. The results indicated that 4 of the 7 hypotheses were supported in the pre-acceptance model while all hypotheses were accepted in the post-acceptance model. The proposed model can be used as an appropriate framework for examining factors influencing teacher candidates’ intentions to use web 2.0 technologies for teaching.
ВПЛИВ МИСТЕЦТВА НА ВИХОВАННЯ У СТУДЕНТСЬКОЇ МОЛОДІ ЯКОСТЕЙ ЛЮДИНИ КУЛЬТУРИ
Authors: Шевченко Г. П.
Published: December 2020

У статті здійснено теоретичний аналіз впливу мистецтва на виховання у студентської молоді якостей Людини Культури. Підкреслено, що культура є фундаментальною основою збереження людини від тих негативних впливів сучасної цивілізації, які спрямовані на руйнування власне людського в людині. Автор зауважує, що культура формує особливий тип людини, яка у різні історичні епохи відповідає духу свого часу; а також вона є стрижнем людської особистості, який втілює в собі світоглядну культуру особистості, світовідношення, систему цінностей і смислів людського життя і виділяє людську людськість над жорстокістю та байдужістю; важливою умовою удосконалення особистості, вибору культурних ідеалів людського життя. Автор підкреслює, що окультурення – це є олюднення особистості, здатної жити в людському суспільстві. З’ясовано, що виховання культури покладено на гуманітарні науки. Особлива роль автором відводиться саме живому знанню, яке дає студентам можливість «саморефлексувати», «бути самим собою», «пізнавати себе», «говорити про себе».

Автор статті акцентує особливу увагу на збереженні у людини саме людських якостей, пов’язаних з життєлюбством, працелюбством, вірою, любов’ю, добротою, світорозумінням, світовідношенням, патріотизмом. У статті наголошується на тому, що людина повинна бути гармонійно розвиненою, духовно-моральною, художньо-естетичною і висококультурною. Доведено, що важлива роль у вихованні найкращих людських рис, морально-естетичних ідеалів належить мистецтву, адже його використання в освітньому процесі ЗВО сприяє взаємозбагаченню, взаємодоповненню образного і абстрактно-логічного мислення та сприяє сутнісним змінам в духовно-культурному та художньо-естетичному відношенні особистості до світу. Автор робить висновок – мистецтво має навчити людей культивувати Добре, Прекрасне, сприяти формуванню найвищих людських ідеалів, прагненню до творчості, що дозволить виховати в майбутньому зі студента справжню Людину Культури.
¿Existe una comunidad cultural digital en las redes sociales?
Authors: Granero Cendón José Ignacio
Published: December 2020

La aparición y la difusión de las redes sociales en el mundo de la cultura han acabado creando una comunidad cultural digital, formada por instituciones, creadores de contenidos o prescriptores culturales y consumidores de contenidos culturales en redes sociales.
Optimization of operational costs of Call centers employing classification techniques
Authors: Moura Amanda Ferreira  de , Pinho Cíntia Maria de Araújo , Napolitano Domingos Márcio Rodrigues , Martins Fellipe Silva , Fornari Junior João Carlos Franco de Barros
Published: December 2020

The provision of credit to customers of banking chains through call center services has always been one of the resources that generate significant income for financial institutions, however, the service offers a cost, which is often above desirable to guarantee profitable contracting to Bank. Based on this, this work aims to evaluate the optimization of operational costs of call center, using classification techniques, through experimentation of supervised machine learning techniques to perform the classification task, in order to generate a predictive model, which offers a better performance in the operation of offering bank credit, to carry out an effective and productive action, conceiving greater savings for the company in identifying the public with greater adherence. For this, a database comprising 11,162 call records made from a bank offering its customers a letter of credit was employed. The results showed value correlations between variables, such as duration of the call, marital status, education level and even recurrence in adhering to subscribers' credit agreements. Through the application of the PCA to reduce dimensionality and classification models, such as AdaBoost, Gradient Boosting, SVM RBF, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, it was possible to perceive the consumer profile with good acquiescence for the investment proposal and a group of people with a high probability of not adhering to the letter of credit, so it was possible to outline an action directed to the public predisposed to the offer, minimizing expenses reaching greater profitability.
Prototipação de bolsa de sangue artificial a partir do design thinking para ação de educação em saúde
Authors: Sé Aline Coutinho Sento , Pestana Luana Cardoso , Paiva Ana Paulo Daltro Leal de , Reis Ana Lúcia , Gonçalves Raquel Calado da Silva
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Descrever o processo de prototipação de bolsa de sangue artificial a partir do Design Thinking para ação de educação em saúde sobre terapia transfusional. Método: Estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, sobre prototipação de bolsa de sangue artificial para ação de educação em saúde relacionada à terapia transfusional, a partir dos processos de imersão, ideação e prototipação do Design Thinking, em um hospital público no município do Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: A fase de imersão permitiu uma visão mais ampla do problema central e conexões dos processos voltados à solução. A técnica de Brainstorming sustentou o processo de ideação da prototipação de bolsa de sangue artificial com a realização de discussões e construções coletivas, empáticas e criativas. A prototipação teve início durante a escolha dos ingredientes necessários à confecção do sangue artificial. Testes e ajustes foram realizados para adequação da coloração, viscosidade e permeabilidade. A testagem do protótipo foi realizada em ações de educação em saúde sobre terapia transfusional, com a participação de 93 profissionais de enfermagem. Conclusão: As etapas de imersão, ideação e prototipação do Design Thinking permitiram o desenvolvimento de protótipo de bolsa de sangue artificial, que após testagem, mostrou-se válido, tecnologicamente factível, economicamente viável e com possibilidade de reprodução em outras atividades educacionais.
Mecanismos de resistência de enterobactérias dessensibilizadas aos carbapenêmicos isoladas em um laboratório público de referência no Estado do Piauí, Brasil
Authors: Silveira Arianne Duarte , Pereira Cleudimar dos Santos , Costa Débora de Alencar Franco
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Resistência bacteriana refere-se à capacidade das bactérias não reagirem aos utilizados antibióticos adequados para erradicá-las. Tal fato ocorre, principalmente, devido mutações nos genes bacterianos, estas ocorrem ao acaso, porém, acelerou-se com uso incorreto da antibioticoterapia. A produção de Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) é um exemplo emergente e sua disseminação entre variantes de enterobactérias já ocorre em nosso país. Assim, buscou-se analisar o percentual de contaminação da bactéria de acordo com idade e sexo, seu percentual de resistência através da análise de antibiograma bem como mecanismos de resistência relacionados às enterobactérias dessensibilizadas aos carbapenêmicos isoladas em um laboratório público de referência em Teresina-PI. Metodologia: A amostra foi constituída por coleta de pacientes que apresentaram resultados positivos para enterobactérias e confirmada resistência aos carbapenêmicos através de antibiograma. Os dados relacionados à infecção foram coletados por meio de um questionário de preenchimento de dados. Resultados: Através da técnica de RT-PCR e obtenção dos resultados do perfil sociodemográfico observou-se o predomínio da bactéria K. pneumoniae em pacientes do sexo feminino. Cabe destacar também que o estudo evidenciou a frequência dos genes 46% do gene bla KPC que confere resistência a uma ampla gama de agentes antimicrobianos. Conclusão: Com base nos resultados obtidos foi verificada a frequência genotípica relacionada aos mecanismos de resistência aos carbapenêmicos através da técnica de RT-PCR. Ao avaliar os dados sociodemográfico, foi possível concluir que a maior frequência de gene KPC foi ao sexo feminino de 56%, todos testando positivos a Klebsiella pneumoniae.
The effect of using whitening creams that contain mercury in the community
Authors: Septiana Bayasari Pipim , Anwar Anis Irawan , Ilyas Faridha , Adriani Anni
Published: December 2020

This research aimed to determine the effects of mercury use in whitening creams for the general public. This research used descriptive-qualitative approach, the method that used in this research is literature study which implemented by recording the previous findings regarding to the variables of conflict. WHO states that more than 90 creams from 15 countries have detectable mercury concentrations below 1 ppm. Thirty-four creams (10% of the sample) was found that have high mercury levels, that is, above 1 ppm, in four of the 13 samples from Indonesia, overall, mercury concentrations in this particular product ranged from 93 ppm to over 16,000 ppm.  Long-term adverse effects of using mercury cream on health.