bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of a non-rinse conditioner on the enamel of primary teeth
Authors: Fava Marcelo , Myaki Silvio Issáo , Arana-Chavez Victor Elias , Fava-de-Moraes Flavio
Published: April 2005

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate by scanning electron microscopy the morphological aspects of the enamel of primary teeth after etching with 36% phosphoric acid or a non-rinse conditioner. Ten naturally exfoliated anterior primary teeth were selected. The samples were subjected to prophylaxis with pumice paste and water using a low-speed hand piece. Etching was done on the buccal surface. Specimens were divided into 2 groups: G1 (n=10): etching with 36% phosphoric acid gel - Conditioner 36 (Dentsply) for 20 s, followed by water rinse for 15 s; G2 (n=10): etching with NRC - Non Rinse Conditioner (Dentsply) for 20 s, followed by air drying for 15 s. The samples were dehydrated, mounted on metal stubs, coated with gold and observed with Jeol JSM-6100 scanning electron microscope. Electron-micrographic analysis showed that both etching agents were effective for etching the enamel of primary teeth causing the formation of microporosities on the enamel surface, although the etching pattern was more effective with the use of 36% phosphoric acid gel.
Comparative SEM evaluation of penetration of adhesive systems in human dentin with a non-rinse conditioner and a self-etching primer
Authors: Cal-Neto Julio Orrico de Aragão Pedra e , Miranda Mauro Sayão de , Dias Katia Regina Hostílio Cervantes
Published: April 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of a self-etching primer and a non-rinse conditioner with the effect of a conventional adhesive system on the penetration depth in dentin of human teeth, using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Fifteen human third molar teeth were sectioned into 2 pieces. All pieces were flattened with grade 600 to 1200 silicon carbide paper and divided into 6 groups: group 1 - Prime & Bond NT (NT), negative control; group 2 - 37% phosphoric acid + Prime & Bond NT (PANT), positive control; group 3 - Non-rinse Conditioner (NRC) + Prime & Bond NT (NRCNT); group 4 - NRC + Prime & Bond 2.1 (NRCPB); group 5 - NRC + Scotchbond MP (NRCSB); group 6 - Prompt L-Pop (PLP). All teeth were covered with Dyract AP. The tooth fragments were decalcified, and its resin replicas were evaluated by SEM by three previously standardized examiners. The penetration was scored from 0 (no penetration) to 3 (maximum penetration). The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (p<0.05) showed three statistically homogeneous groups: {NT, NRCPB, NRCSB and PLP}, {NRCNT} and {PANT}. The authors concluded that the self-etching primer and the non-rinse conditioner provide a lower penetration depth in human tooth dentin than the conventional adhesive system.
Effects of aluminum-copper alloy filtration on photon spectra, air kerma rate and image contrast
Authors: Gonçalves Andréa , Rollo João Manuel Domingos de Almeida , Gonçalves Marcelo , Haiter Neto Francisco , Bóscolo Frab Norberto
Published: April 2005

This study evaluated the performance of aluminum-copper alloy filtration, without the original aluminum filter, for dental radiography in terms of x-ray energy spectrum, air kerma rate and image quality. Comparisons of various thicknesses of aluminum-copper alloy in three different percentages were made with aluminum filtration. Tests were conducted on an intra-oral dental x-ray machine and were made on mandible phantom and on step-wedge. Depending on the thickness of aluminum-copper alloy filtration, the beam could be hardened and filtrated. The use of the aluminum-copper alloy filter resulted in reductions in air kerma rate from 8.40% to 47.33%, and indicated the same image contrast when compared to aluminum filtration. Aluminum-copper alloy filtration may be considered a good alternative to aluminum filtration.
Estudo histopatológico de casos de eritema crônico migratório diagnosticados em Manaus
Authors: Melo Itelvina Suriadakis de , Gadelha Alcidarta dos Reis , Ferreira Luiz Carlos de Lima
Published: April 2005

FUNDAMENTOS: O estudo das alterações histopatológicas em relação ao eritema crônico migratório (doença de Lyme) e a demonstração do agente etiológico em tecidos são pouco divulgados no Brasil e na Região Norte. OBJETIVOS: Descrever as principais alterações histopatológicas existentes nas biópsias cutâneas de pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de eritema crônico migratório (ECM). Demonstrar a Borrelia sp em cortes histológicos. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Biópsias da pele de 31 pacientes foram incluídas em parafina para obtenção de cortes histológicos que foram corados em hematoxilina eosina (HE) pelo Warthin Starry e Warthin Starry modificado pH 4.0 (pirocatecol), visando investigar as principais alterações histopatológicas e demonstrar Borrelia sp respectivamente. RESULTADOS: As principais alterações verificadas foram: na epiderme, espongiose em 15 casos (44,12%); na derme, infiltrado constituído por linfócitos, histiócitos e eosinófilos em oito casos (15,69%)s. O infiltrado na derme foi encontrado em torno de vasos com disposição em manguito em nove casos (29,04%). A Borrelia sp foi detectada em um caso (3,22%) pela técnica de coloração de Warthin Starry. CONCLUSÕES: Os infiltrados na derme, constituídos por linfócitos, histiócitos e eosinófilos apresentavam as seguintes disposições: em torno de vasos em forma de manguito e no interstício; em torno de vasos e no interstício. Essa composição e distribuição foram consideradas de maior relevância para o diagnóstico de ECM. Pela primeira vez, na região amazônica brasileira foi demonstrada a presença de Borrelia sp em biópsia de paciente com suspeita diagnóstica de ECM em corte histológico corado pela técnica de Warthin Starry.
Melanoma cutâneo: características clínicas, epidemiológicas e histopatológicas no Hospital Universitário de Brasília entre janeiro de 1994 e abril de 1999
Authors: Pinheiro Ana Maria Costa , Friedman Horácio , Cabral Andrea Leão Santos Veiga , Rodrigues Helbert Abe
Published: April 2005

FUNDAMENTOS: A incidência do melanoma cutâneo tem aumentado cerca de 4 a 6% anualmente. Esse tumor ocorre preferencialmente no sexo feminino, entre 30 e 79 anos de idade e predominantemente em indivíduos de cor branca. A forma anatomopatológica mais freqüente é a extensivo-superficial, e sua localização varia com o sexo. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características clínicas, epidemiológicas e histológicas do melanoma cutâneo primário, no Hospital Universitário de Brasília, em um período de cinco anos. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo de revisão dos prontuários dos casos de melanoma cutâneo primário, do Hospital Universitário de Brasília, diagnosticados e tratados entre janeiro de 1994 e abril de 1999, totalizando 32 casos. Os pacientes foram analisados, caracterizando-se a distribuição do tumor por sexo, idade, cor da pele, topografia, sintomatologia, tipo de crescimento, nível de Clark, índice de Breslow e presença de metástases. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de estatística simples e pelo teste do qui-quadrado (chi2). RESULTADOS: Neste estudo há predomínio das lesões localizadas nos membros, correspondendo a 16 pacientes (50%). Em nove pacientes (45%) a forma primária era do tipo nodular, e 17 pacientes (58,6%) não apresentavam queixas. Pela correlação entre a presença ou não de metástases e o nível de Clark observou-se que os pacientes com nível de invasão até o subcutâneo (Clark V) apresentaram risco relativo de 2,94 (1,24<ic<6,99). CONCLUSÃO: O perfil clínico, epidemiológico e histológico do paciente portador de melanoma cutâneo primário do Hospital Universitário de Brasília entre janeiro de 1994 e abril de 1999 corresponde ao indivíduo do sexo feminino, idoso (de 61 a 80 anos), cor da pele branca, cuja lesão predomina nos membros, sendo mais freqüente o tipo de crescimento nodular e que não apresenta sintomas à época do diagnóstico.
Doença de Cowden ou síndrome dos hamartomas múltiplos
Authors: Vettorato Gerson , Souza Paulo Ricardo Martins , Bozko Márcia Paczco , Lamb Flávia Maria
Published: April 2005

Os autores descrevem um caso de doença de Cowden ou síndrome dos hamartomas múltiplos. Doença de transmissão autossômica dominante cuja tríade dermatológica clássica compõe-se de tricolemomas faciais múltiplos (hamartomas do infundíbulo folicular), fibromas orais e queratoses acrais benignas. Afeta múltiplos órgãos e é associada a várias neoplasias, tais como de mamas, tireóide, cólon e outras. Os autores apresentam um caso de paciente do sexo feminino em cujo exame físico notaram-se pápulas cor da pele na face, lesões papulosas na cavidade oral, mucosa jugal, língua plicata e hiperceratose palmoplantar puntata bilateral. História patológica pregressa de tireoidectomia subtotal por adenoma folicular.
Uso da sulfadiazina de prata associada ao nitrato de cério em úlceras venosas: relato de dois casos
Authors: Abdalla Simone , Dadalti Paula
Published: April 2005

Considerando a alta incidência de úlceras venosas, seu importante impacto econômico e grande controvérsia no que diz respeito aos tratamentos tópicos, os autores fazem uma revisão da literatura sobre o uso de creme de sulfadiazina de prata a 1% associada a nitrato de cério a 0,4% e relatam dois casos de pacientes com lesões ulceradas de longa evolução e que responderam de forma satisfatória à terapêutica em questão.
Vitamina C
Authors: Manela-Azulay Mônica , Mandarim-de-Lacerda Carlos Alberto , Perez Maurício de Andrade , Filgueira Absalom Lima , Cuzzi Tullia
Published: April 2005

Há muito o papel do ácido ascórbico (AA) no metabolismo do tecido conjuntivo tem sido reconhecido, sobretudo a partir do século 16, quando o escorbuto começou a ser prevenido com sumo de frutas cítricas. As primeiras publicações referentes ao uso tópico da vitamina C, inicialmente em cobaio, datam da década de 1960. Entretanto, só mais recentemente tem-se dado valor a essa via de aplicação. Os autores apresentam revisão sobre o assunto, discorrendo sobre o histórico da vitamina C, seus efeitos no metabolismo do tecido conjuntivo, no processo de cicatrização, sobre sua atividade antioxidante e mecanismos de ação.
Erupção pápulo-ulcerativa na região da fralda: relato de um caso de dermatite de Jacquet
Authors: Zanini Maurício , Wulkan Cláudio , Paschoal Luiz Henrique Camargo , Paschoal Francisco Macedo
Published: April 2005

Na população infantil a região das fraldas é localização de várias dermatoses, entre as quais a dermatite das fraldas, um quadro de eczema de contato por irritante primário, devido à presença de substâncias irritativas locais (urina, fezes). Geralmente manifesta-se com alterações de leve intensidade. A dermatite de Jacquet, uma forma clínica rara e grave da dermatite das fraldas, é relatada.
Cicatrização: conceitos atuais e recursos auxiliares - Parte I
Authors: Mandelbaum Samuel Henrique , Di Santis Érico Pampado , Mandelbaum Maria Helena Sant'Ana
Published: April 2005

- O estudo da cicatrização da pele envolve uma enorme gama de eventos e de situações especiais. Exige conhecimentos básicos de anatomia, histologia, bioquímica, imunologia, farmacologia, entre outras ciências. O artigo faz revisão dos conceitos de cicatrização, em seus diversos aspectos, e ressalta a importância da atuação multidisciplinar na abordagem das feridas, bem como a percepção do paciente como um todo. São abordados os aspectos econômicos que representam as feridas agudas e crônicas. Apresenta ainda os recursos que podem auxiliar o processo de cicatrização, bem como os diversos tipos de curativos disponíveis.
Anticorpo anticitoplasma de neutrófilos (ANCA) em pioderma gangrenoso, um marcador sorológico para associação com doenças sistêmicas: estudo de oito casos
Authors: Cabral Virgínia Lúcia Ribeiro , Miszputen Sender Jankiel , Catapani Wilson Roberto
Published: April 2005

FUNDAMENTOS: A etiopatogenia da retocolite ulcerativa inespecífica (RCUI) e de suas manifestações extra-intestinais permanece em discussão, embora o envolvimento do sistema imune seja enfatizado, e uma possível participação dos neutrófilos é demonstrada pela detecção do anticorpo anticitoplasma de neutrófilo (ANCA) nessa doença inflamatória intestinal. O pioderma gangrenoso (PG) é considerado manifestação cutânea rara da retocolite ulcerativa, e o Anca também tem sido detectado nessa dermatose. OBJETIVOS: Investigar a relação entre o comportamento clínico da RCUI e o aparecimento do PG e sua associação com ANCA. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Anca foi pesquisado nos soros de oito pacientes com PG, quatro apresentando RCUI, e os outros, PG não associado a doenças sistêmicas. RESULTADOS: Não se detectou o Anca nos soros dos portadores exclusivamente de pioderma gangrenoso. Dois casos de pancolite em atividade inflamatória acompanhada de pioderma e colangite esclerosante primária (CEP) apresentaram positividade para ANCA, enquanto os soros de dois outros pacientes com RCUI e PG tiveram resultados negativos. CONCLUSÕES: A Presença de ANCA nos soros de pacientes com PG associado a RCUI e CEP sugere que a associação com CEP seja responsável pela positividade do ANCA na presente amostra.
Freqüência de aconselhamento para prevenção de câncer da pele entre as diversas especialidades médicas em Caxias do Sul
Authors: Nora Adelar Bocchese , Panarotto Daniel , Lovatto Louise , Boniatti Márcio Manozzo
Published: April 2005

FUNDAMENTOS: O câncer da pele é a forma mais comum de câncer atualmente, apesar de ser um dos mais preveníveis. Não foram encontrados dados na literatura nacional quanto à freqüência de orientação para prevenção desse tipo de câncer de acordo com as diversas especialidades médicas. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a freqüência de aconselhamento para prevenção de câncer da pele entre as diversas especialidades médicas em uma amostra da população de Caxias do Sul. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal. Foram entrevistadas e examinadas 499 pessoas que procuraram atendimento na área de dermatologia em ações comunitárias realizadas em Caxias do Sul de janeiro a julho de 2002. RESULTADOS: Apenas 31,9% (n=159; IC 27,8 - 36,2) das pessoas entrevistadas já haviam recebido aconselhamento pela classe médica para prevenção de câncer da pele. Os pacientes de alto risco com o maior potencial para intervenção, ou seja, pacientes com idade inferior a 20 anos, receberam orientação em freqüência menor do que os pacientes com 20 anos ou mais (26,5% versus 42,5%, respectivamente; p = 0,03). A especialidade de dermatologia foi responsável por mais da metade dos aconselhamentos para prevenção de câncer da pele na população estudada. CONCLUSÃO: A freqüência de aconselhamento para prevenção de câncer da pele pelos profissionais da saúde é baixa, mesmo para os pacientes de alto risco. A orientação também varia de acordo com a especialidade consultada, tendo apenas a especialidade de dermatologia apresentado alta freqüência de aconselhamento.
Rejuvenescimento da pele por peeling químico: enfoque no peeling de fenol
Authors: Velasco Maria Valéria Robles , Okubo Fernanda Rumi , Ribeiro Maria Elizette , Steiner Denise , Bedin Valcenir
Published: April 2005

O envelhecimento da pele é um processo que preocupa muitos indivíduos, que buscam a ajuda especializada do médico para minimizar seus sinais. Um dos recursos para melhorar a qualidade da pele são os peelings químicos, utilizando várias substâncias ativas, como ácido glicólico, retinóico, tricloroacético e o fenol, entre outros, que proporcionam a esfoliação cutânea e posterior renovação celular. Dependendo da concentração e do valor de pH em que são empregados nas formulações, desencadeiam o peeling superficial, médio e profundo. O fenol tem sido utilizado como peeling profundo tanto isoladamente como em associação com outros componentes da fórmula que atuam como promotores de penetração e permeação. A utilização desses produtos resulta no processo de renovação celular intenso, normalizando a pigmentação da pele, atenuando marcas e minimizando as rugas. Devido a sua toxicidade e contra-indicações, o fenol deve ser aplicado cuidadosamente segundo a técnica recomendada, e o paciente deve ser monitorado para se obter a máxima eficácia do peeling e também minimizar os efeitos sistêmicos.
Infecções cutâneas e acidentes por animais traumatizantes e venenosos ocorridos em aquários comerciais e domésticos no Brasil: descrição de 18 casos e revisão do tema
Authors: Haddad Junior Vidal
Published: April 2005

FUNDAMENTOS: O aquarismo a cada dia ganha novos adeptos no Brasil. Impulsionado por belos peixes e objetos de decoração, o hábito pode trazer problemas como infecções e envenenamentos por diversos animais. OBJETIVOS: Demonstração dos animais causadores e dos quadros clínicos envolvidos com estes acidentes, das infecções cutâneas encontradas após traumas e das medidas terapêuticas e preventivas para controle do problema, pouco conhecido pela população em geral. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se um estudo prospectivo para a detecção de acidentes por animais e infecções ocorridas após traumas em aquários. Estes dados serviram de base para um estudo epidemiológico, clínico e terapêutico sobre o problema. RESULTADOS: Em cerca de 300 acidentes por animais aquáticos, 12 ou 4% do total foram causados por animais venenosos em aquários. Cinco infecções bacterianas e uma fúngica foram identificadas após traumas em aquários. CONCLUSÕES: Os acidentes em aquários domésticos e comerciais são relativamente comuns e podem acarretar infecções cutâneas e ferimentos por animais venenosos ou traumatizantes. Os proprietários de aquários na maioria das vezes não têm informações sobre estes acidentes. Os autores fornecem as espécies de microorganismos e animais mais freqüentemente envolvidas com ferimentos e as medidas terapêuticas e preventivas adequadas ao manejo do problema.
Halo nevo spilus
Authors: Luz Flávio Barbosa , Mata Beatriz França da , Rochael Mayra Carrijo
Published: April 2005

Os autores descrevem o caso de paciente de 15 anos que apresenta um componente juncional de seu nevo spilus envolto por halo acrômico na coxa direita. O mecanismo imunológico constante no fenômeno halo e a resposta imune ao melanoma estão intimamente relacionados. Aparentemente, o fenômeno halo representa uma reação imunológica mediada por células contra um antígeno desconhecido presente nas lesões melanocíticas. Há também presença de anticorpos nessa reação.
Uso de Cetoconazol® no tratamento da entomoftoromicose cutâneo-mucosa: relato de caso
Authors: Costa Jackson M. L. , Barbosa Luciola N. , Paiva Lucio Cristiano Paiva e , Nunes Josélia L. , Marques Sirlei G. , Rebelo José Manuel M. , Saldanha Ana Cristina R.
Published: April 2005

As entomoftoromicoses constituem entidade clínica pertencente ao grupo das zigomicoses, cujos agentes etiológicos são o Conidiobolus coronatus, Conidiobolos incongruus e o Basidiobolos ranarum. Um caso de entomoftoromicose cutâneo-mucosa é descrito em homem de 51 anos de idade, lavrador, procedente da região amazônica do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Teve diagnóstico esclarecido por exame anatomopatológico, um ano após as manifestações clínicas iniciais. Como tratamento utilizou-se um dos derivados imidazólicos (cetoconazol®) 400mg/dia divididos em duas tomadas, por 12 meses), mostrando boa tolerância, com resposta favorável. Na última avaliação, 24 meses após início do tratamento, encontrava-se clinicamente curado.
Leishmaniose tegumentar americana: casuística hospitalar no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Fernandes Nurimar C. , Morgan Isabela , Maceira Juan P. , Cuzzi Tullia , Noe Rosângela A. M.
Published: April 2005

FUNDAMENTOS: A leishmaniose tegumentar americana distribui-se amplamente no Brasil, e o Estado do Rio de Janeiro (capital e interior) constitui área endêmica onde o vetor é encontrado dentro e ao redor das habitações. OBJETIVOS: Análise prospectiva de 48 casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana atendidos no Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho/UFRJ, no período de 1990 a 2002. MÉTODOS: Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à biópsia de pele ou mucosa, teste de Montenegro e exame otorrinolaringológico; SbV (10 a 20mg/kg), no total de 10, 30 e 90 doses. foi empregado em 44 pacientes; em quatro casos, anfotericina B (0,5mg/kg/dose) até dose cumulativa de 30mg/kg. RESULTADOS: 28 homens e 20 mulheres na faixa etária de 10 a 89 anos, dos quais 38 (79,1%) infectados no Rio de Janeiro, apresentaram úlcera de membro inferior e comprometimento de mucosa nasal como manifestações mais freqüentes; 41 casos (85,4%) foram reatores à intradermorreação de Montenegro (5mm); 17 casos (35,4%) foram positivos para o achado de amastigotas em macrófagos no infiltrado inflamatório dérmico; predominou o processo inflamatório crônico granulomatoso; cura clínica foi observada em 47 casos; um caso evoluiu para óbito no décimo dia de tratamento. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo da leishmaniose tegumentar (HUCFF/UFRJ) no período 1990/2002 evidenciou padrão conhecido nos aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e de resposta terapêutica ao antimonial (SbV) e anfotericina B.
Baqueteamento digital como manifestação inicial de neoplasia pulmonar
Authors: Macedo Alex Gonçalves , Fusari Valeria Cristiane , Almeida José Roberto Paes de , Dinato Sandra Lopes Mattos e , Romiti Ney
Published: April 2005

Os autores descrevem caso de baqueteamento digital, o qual possibilitou diagnóstico de carcinoma broncogênico em paciente assintomático. Baseados em levantamento bibliográfico, discutem sua fisiopatologia, associações com alterações sistêmicas e métodos para diagnóstico precoce, enfatizando sua importância, vista a associação do mesmo com várias doenças, incluindo neoplasias pulmonares.
Expressão das citoceratinas em dermatoses infecto- parasitárias associadas à hiperplasia epidérmica
Authors: Nogueira-Castañon Maria Christina Marques , Maya Tullia Cuzzi , Neves René Garrido
Published: April 2005

FUNDAMENTOS: As citoceratinas(C) são as proteínas estruturais mais importantes das células epiteliais e exibem a maior heterogeneidade dentre todas as proteínas dos filamentos intermediários. Seu estudo através de imunomarcação possibilita a análise estrutural do citoesqueleto em vários afecções neoplásicas e inflamatórias. OBJETIVOS: Verificar o padrão imuno-histoquímico da expressão das citoceratinas na epiderme de doenças infecto-parasitárias associadas à hiperplasia escamosa. MÉTODOS: Cortes histológicos obtidos de tecidos pré-fixados e incluidos em parafina à partir de lesões de cromomicose, paracoccidioidomicose, leishmaniose e condiloma acuminado foram marcados com os anticorpos DEK10, LL025, LL002 e AE1 pela técnica de imunoperoxidase (avidina-biotina). RESULTADOS: A análise de áreas com intensidade variável de hiperplasia epidérmica presentes nos fragmentos mostrou exclusivamente e/ou predominantemente nas quatro doenças: ausência de expressão da C10 nas áreas de hiperplasia intensa e retardo da expressão nas áreas de hiperplasia moderada e/ou ausente; padrão suprabasal de marcação para a C16 independentemente do grau de hiperplasia como também, liberação de epítopos suprabasais para os marcadores LL002 (C14) e AE1 (C10,14,16,19). CONCLUSÕES: As modificações indicam que, independentemente da natureza do agente etiológico e do grau de hiperplasia presente, ocorrem alterações na diferenciação e proliferação do ceratinócito.
Macroinfauna of Six Beaches near Guaratuba Bay, Southern Brazil
Authors: Barros Francisco , Borzone Carlos Alberto , Rosso Sergio
Published: April 2005

Benthic macroinfauna of six beaches near to Guaratuba Bay, Paraná, Brazil were studied in summer and winter of 1994. Sampling stations were distributed along a transect, from upper of the drift line to depths of nearly 3 m behind the first break of the surf zone. Biological and sedimentological samples, slope, wave height and period were recorded. Subtidal samples were collected by scuba diving. The beaches varied from extremely inclined, composed of coarse sediments, to low inclined, composed of fine and very fine sands. The polychaete Scolelepis squamata, was the numerically dominant species in those beaches composed by fine to very fine sand in the subaereal profile. The echinoderm Mellita quinquiesperforata occurred in the last stations of the surf zone and presented the biggest values of biomass. Crustaceans were the most diverse group across all beach type. Results of classification and ordination analyses showed that zonation pattern fitted better to Salvat’s scheme, with minor differences between summer and winter data. CCA’s analysis indicated the importance of sampling level and granulometric composition in the distribution of organism.
Dissolved Organic Carbon Determination Using FIA and Photo-Fenton Reaction
Authors: Kondo Márcia M. , Arcos Maria A. S. V. , Grassi Marco T.
Published: April 2005

The FIA-photo-Fenton system is based on the flow oxidation of the organic matter. A small amount of the sample containing H2O2 is injected into the acidic flow solution of Fe2+, which passes through a tubular PTFE reactor irradiated with UV light. The generated CO2 is quantified by a conductometric detector and is directly proportional to the dissolved organic carbon concentration in the sample. The optimization studies were performed using EDTA solutions. The average recovery of organic carbon was 83% with a relative standard deviation of 3.7% using a 1:5 molar ratio of Fe2+:H2O2, pH 2.0, 100 muL of sample injection and a liquid flow of 1 mL min-1. After optimization, the DOC concentration was quantified using 13 different organic compounds, where the average recovery was 90%. The rate of the analysis was in average 50 samples hour-1.
The fate of copepod populations in the Paranapanema River (São Paulo, Brazil), downstream from the Jurumirim dam
Authors: Mitsuka Patricia Maria , Henry Raoul
Published: April 2005

The longitudinal changes in the structure of copepod populations were examined during the dry and rainy seasons in a 42 km stretch of the Paranapanema River downstream from the dam of the Jurumirim Reservoir. Samples were taken in the "lacustrine" zone of the reservoir near the dam, and also at 12 stations distributed in the middle and the lateral regions of the channel of the Paranapanema River downstream from the dam. The following species of Cyclopoida were found at the sites: Thermocyclops decipiens, Thermocyclops minutus, Paracyclops sp., Tropocyclops sp and Mesocyclops sp., and of Calanoida: Argyrodiaptomus furcatus, Notodiaptomus iheringi and Notodiaptomus conifer. In the reservoir sampling station, the copepod abundance during the dry and rainy seasons corresponded to 41 and 51% of the total zooplankton, respectively. This difference could be related to the rainfall and water level variations, and especially to the influence of variables such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a contents. No significant differences in organism numbers were recorded among samples of zooplankton taken in the middle and near-bank parts of the river. In relation to longitudinal variation in the Paranapanema River stretch, a significant decrease in density and disappearance of some species were recorded 11km downstream of the dam during the dry season. At the stations 32km from the dam, a drastic reduction in copepod abundance was observed in the rainy season. These observations could be linked not only to environmental changes from lentic to lotic conditions, but also to the combination of certain factors such as current velocity, water outflow of the reservoir, and rainfall.
Genetic variability in regenerated Metarhizium flavoviride protoplasts
Authors: Kuklinsky-Sobral Júlia , Luna-Alves-Lima Elza Áurea de , Araújo Janete Magali de , Azevedo João Lúcio
Published: April 2005

Protoplast isolation and regeneration were evaluated in two wild-type and two colour mutant strains of Metarhizium flavoviride. Cultivation in liquid medium, followed by mycelium treatment with Novozym 234 in the presence of KCl 0.7M as osmotic stabilizer, produced 5.05 x 10(6) to 1.15 x 10(7)x mL-1 protoplasts. The percentage of regeneration ranged from 6.65 to 27.92%. Following protoplast regeneration, one strain produced spontaneously stable morphological variant colonies. Although colonies with altered morphology have been reported in bacteria following protoplast regeneration, this is the first time that the same is described in a filamentous fungus. The original strain and one derived variant were tested for sensitivity to the fungicides benomyl and captan.
Path analysis under multicollinearity in soybean
Authors: Bizeti Henrique Stoco , Carvalho Claudio Guilherme Portela de , Souza José Roberto Pinto de , Destro Deonisio
Published: April 2005

This study aimed to establish the phenotypic correlations among several soybean traits with grain yield in direct and indirect effects using path analysis, and to compare alternative methods for minimizing the adverse effects of multicollinearity in estimating path coefficients. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Nine soybean genotypes belonging to three seed size categories were used. The correlation studies and the path analysis showed that the seed size was not important for increased yield. The number of nodes and plant height at maturity showed significant correlation with grain yield. Using the least square methodology, the results obtained by path analysis under multicollinearity were not satisfactory. The ridge path analysis and the trait culling were efficient in reducing the adverse effects of multicollinearity. Both methods showed that only the number of nodes at maturity trait had a high direct effect on grain yield per plant.
Fimicolous histeridae coleoptera in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
Authors: KOLLER W. W. , GOMES A. , RODRIGUES S. R.
Published: April 2005

Fecal masses recently excreted and/or almost dry were collected weekly in a pasture of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, from May 1990 to April 1992. The feces were conditioned in 15-liter opaque plastic buckets, containing lateral and top openings, where flasks were fastened for capturing Histeridae beetles present in these masses. Three thousand two hundred ninety-nine specimens were collected belonging to 11 species in the Genus: Phelister, Hister, Euspilotus, Acritus, and Xerosaprinus. The most frequent, constant, and abundant species were Phelister sp. nr. carinifrons and P. haemorrhous.
Cladocera Chydoridae of high altitude water bodies (Serra da Mantiqueira), in Brazil
Authors: SANTOS-WISNIEWSKI M. J. , ROCHA O. , GÜNTZEL A. M. , MATSUMURA-TUNDISI T.
Published: April 2005

The diversity of species of Cladocera, Chydoridae in the water bodies belonging to the water management unity of Serra da Mantiqueira, was studied inside the BIOTA/FAPESP Program. A total of 21 water bodies were analyzed and the sampling was carried out between 9th and 11th September, 1999. Horizontal and vertical net hauls were taken at littoral and limnetic region in each lake. Most water bodies in Serra da Mantiqueira unity are small, shallow, and densely colonized by macrophytes. Most species of Cladocera found belong to the Chydoridae family, being typical inhabitants of the littoral zone, living associated with macrophytes. A total of 12 species were found, 9 of the subfamily Aloninae and 3 Chydorinae. In more than half of the water bodies the relative abundance of chydorids reached 100%, and they were dominant in most of the others, with few exceptions. Alona rustica was the most frequent species, occurring in 62% of the water bodies. The results evidenced the importance of the littoral zone as propitious habitats for the species of Chydoridae and contributing significantly to the diversity of Cladocera as a whole.
Bird communities in two fragments of semideciduos forest in rural São Paulo state
Authors: Pozza D. D. , Pires J. S. R.
Published: April 2005

A quali-quantitative survey was done in two fragments (75 and 100 ha) of semideciduous forest in rural São Paulo State. The aim was to characterize the bird community according to richness, abundance, and occurrence frequency in these areas. The qualitative survey showed 145 species in the Estação Ecológica de São Carlos - EESCar (Brotas) - and 173 in the Fazenda Santa Cecília - FSC (Patrocínio Paulista), while the quantitative survey showed the presence of 60 and 72 species in EESCar and FSC respectively. The isolation and the lower environmental quality of the EESCar fragment may be responsible for the lower number of species in this area compared to that of FSC. Abundance index value analysis (IPA) showed that both areas have a large number of species with low IPA and few species with intermediate or high IPA compared to the pattern observed in other surveys. At FSC, a larger number of occurrences of species in danger of extinction in São Paulo State was also observed. Apparently, the FSC fragment had better environmental quality for sheltering a larger number of species, including the endangered ones. The study of the community of birds is important in planning management and conservation of natural areas.
Biochemical responses of two Erythrinidae fish to environmental ammonia
Authors: Moraes G. , Polez V. L. P. , Iwama G. K.
Published: April 2005

The non-ionized form of ammonia is very toxic to many aquatic species. It is especially important in several aspects of fish biology. A large range of organismal strategies for coping with environmental stressors is usually observed in living organisms. Among those, the responses for managing chemical stressors are well studied. The present work compares biochemical responses of two evolutionarily close species, Hoplias malabaricus and Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, exposed to environmental ammonia. Adult fish were submitted to 1.0 mg/L of ammonium chloride for 24 hours, and plasma ammonia and urea levels were determined. The activities of OUC enzymes OCT and ARG, and the accessory enzyme GS, were quantified in liver extract and are expressed below in mumol/min/mg of wet tissue. Increases in OUC enzymes (GS from 1.14 to 2.43, OCT from 0.81 to 1.72, and ARG from 3.15 to 4.23), plasma ammonia (from 0.95 to 1.42 mmol/L), and plasma urea (from 0.82 to 1.53 mmol/L) were observed (p < 0.05) in H. malabaricus exposed to 1 mg/L of ammonia chloride. The GS in H. unitaeniatus increased from 1.43 to 1.84, however the OCT, ARG, and plasma urea from H. unitaeniatus did not change. These data indicate that each species responds differently to the same environmental stressor.
Diel vertical migration of copepods in a Brazilian lake: a mechanism for decreasing risk of Chaoborus predation?
Authors: A. Perticarrari , Arcifa M. S. , Rodrigues R. A.
Published: April 2005

A comparison between two studies on diel vertical migration of two cyclopoid copepod species, in Lake Monte Alegre, undertaken in 1985/86 and 1999, revealed a change in their migratory behavior. In summer, during a period of marked stratification with low dissolved oxygen near the bottom, the organisms avoided the deepest layers, and migration was nocturnal or undetectable, in both periods. On other occasions, with partial or total circulation in the lake, a weak twilight migration of copepodites and adults in 1985 was replaced by the reverse in 1999. Differences were found among stages, with the weakest or undetectable migration being observed for nauplii. The migratory pattern change for copepodites and adults might be related with a recent predation pressure increase by Chaoborus larvae on copepods, after the virtual disappearance of their main cladoceran prey.
Nymphal development and feeding preference of Podisus maculiventris (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) on eggs of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) parasitised or not by Trichogramma brassicae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
Authors: Oliveira H. N. , De Clercq P. , Zanuncio J. C. , Pratissoli D. , Pedruzzi E. P.
Published: April 2005

Predation by Podisus maculiventris nymphs, a predatory pentatomid, was evaluated with eggs of the flour moth Ephestia kuehniella (Pyralidae), parasitised or not by Trichogramma brassicae (pupae stage). Eggs of this pyralid were glued on rectangular cardboard and presented to nymphs of P. maculiventris as food. The pentatomid successfully reached adult stage when feeding on unparasitised eggs, indicating that flour moth eggs can be used as a factitious food for rearing this predator. Pentatomid nymphs that received only parasitised eggs died before reaching fourth instar. In choice tests, P. maculiventris showed a preference for preying on unparasitised eggs of E. kuehniella rather than those containing pupae of T. brassicae. These results show that it is possible to combine the use of P. maculiventris with releases of T. brassicae in control programs of lepidopteran pests.
Diet and trophic groups of an aquatic insect community in a tropical stream
Authors: Motta R. L. , Uieda V. S.
Published: April 2005

The diet and trophic groups of an assemblage of aquatic insects were studied in a tropical stream. Genera of the orders Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Lepidoptera, and Hemiptera showed feeding specialization. Others, such as Trichoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera, showed great diet variation with genera of different trophic groups. Seasonal variation of insect diet, evident only for some genera of the orders Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera, was due to the differences observed in community composition and to generalist habits of these genera. However, the seasonal comparison of trophic groups showed no significant statistical differences. The great importance of organic matter, a non-limited resource, in the diet of Ribeirão do Atalho aquatic insects may be the explanation for the trophic stability in this community organization.
Ascorbic acid biosynthesis: a precursor study on plants
Authors: Barata-Soares Anderson D. , Gomez Maria Luiza P. A. , Mesquita Carlos Henrique de , Lajolo Franco M.
Published: April 2005

Since the first isolation of ascorbic acid (AsA) in 1928, few papers have been published regarding the biosynthesis of AsA in plants, especially in fruits. It took as long as 1998, before Wheeler, Jones and Smirnoff, based on a study with Arabidopsis leaves, proposed what can be considered the main pathway of biosynthesis of AsA, in which L-galactose (L-GAL) is a key precursor. This paper reports the effectiveness of some precursors (cold or radiolabeled) in the biosynthesis of AsA in different plants: green sweet pepper, white-pulp guava, red-pulp guava, papaya and strawberry at two ripening stages (mature green and ripe for papaya and mature green and half red for strawberry) and broccoli. The 'Smirnoff-Wheeler' pathway was functioning and active in all sources studied, as demonstrated by the increase in AsA contents and incorporation of labeled precursors into AsA. In papaya, the AsA content in the ripe fruit was higher than in the mature green, indicating the synthesis of AsA during ripening. On the other hand, the AsA content in the mature green strawberry was similar to that of the half red fruits. Our data demonstrate that L-GAL and L-Galactono-1,4-lactone (L-GL) are effective precursors for the biosynthesis of AsA in fruits and also provided additional evidence for the participation of D-mannose (D-MAN) and D-glucose-1P in the biosynthesis of AsA in plants.
Familial Vesicoureteral Reflux: Testing Replication of Linkage in Seven New Multigenerational Kindreds
Authors: Sanna-Cherchi Simone , Reese Adam , Hensle Terry , Caridi Gianluca , Izzi Claudia , Kim You Yeun , Konka Anita , Murer Luisa , Scolari Francesco , Ravazzolo Roberto , Ghiggeri Gian Marco , Gharavi Ali G.
Published: April 2005

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) (OMIM %193000), a common cause of childhood renal failure, is strongly influenced by hereditary factors. Familial VUR most closely conforms to autosomal-dominant inheritance, but because of variable penetrance and expressivity, large multigenerational pedigrees tractable to linkage analysis have been difficult to ascertain. A single genome-wide study of familial VUR has demonstrated linkage to chromosome 1p13, with 78% locus heterogeneity. Previous studies in humans have also suggested loci on chromosomes 6p21, 10q26, and 19q13, whereas mutations in

ROBO2

were recently reported in some patients with VUR. Replication of these studies was attempted in seven previously undescribed families from Italy and the United States. Simulation studies, assuming 50% locus heterogeneity, showed that these kindreds had 85% power to replicate linkage and 53% power to achieve genome-wide significance at candidate intervals. Thirty-five markers on chromosomes 1p13, 3p12, 6p21, 10q26, and 19q13 were genotyped and analysis of linkage under a variety of models was performed. Parametric analysis excluded linkage to all candidate loci under genetic homogeneity; moreover, the data did not support statistically significant linkage under models of locus heterogeneity. Similarly, nonparametric, allele-sharing analysis did not reveal any evidence of linkage at any of the loci tested. Thus, despite sufficient power, linkage of familial VUR to previously reported candidate intervals could not be replicated. These data demonstrate substantial genetic heterogeneity of VUR and suggest that mapping strategies relying on a large number of kindreds or single “loaded” pedigrees will be most effective to achieve replication or detection of linkage.
Low‐velocity impact of nanocomposite and polymer plates
Authors: Gustin Jeremy , Freeman Brian , Stone James , Mahinfalah Mohammad , Salehi‐Khojin Amin
Published: April 2005

Nanocomposites are more widely studied today because of higher stiffness, decreased permeability, thermal stability, and many other properties superior to those of regular polymers. However, manufacturers are concerned about implementing nanocomposites because of their lower impact properties with respect to the base polymer. This study focused on low‐velocity impact tests of a thermoplastic olefin by itself and with 5 wt % nanoclay. The impact tests were conducted at −40, 23.9, and 65.6°C until the polymer and nanocomposite plates experienced complete striker penetration. The force–time and force–deflection responses obtained from the impact testing provided a means of comparing the impact performances of the two materials. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 2309–2315, 2005
Blends of polypropylene and modified polystyrene for dyeable fibers
Authors: Huang Xin , Yu Hao , Zhu Mei‐Fang , Chen Yan‐Mo
Published: April 2005

Blends of polypropylene (PP) and modified atactic polystyrene (PS) with good processability were studied for dyeable fine and superfine fibers. Acrylic acid and butyl acrylate monomers were added to PS by radical suspension copolymerization. The dispersion of the additives in the PP crystal was investigated. The rheology curves of the blends were similar to that of PP under the testing conditions. Fine and superfine PP filaments were processed from these blends, and they had practical mechanical properties. The dyeability of the fabrics from the fibers was studied. The increased amorphous content and the interface between PP and modified PS allowed the dyes to penetrate the fibers. These two effects helped to improve the color intensity. The color fastness was also improved by the presence of polar groups introduced by the modified PS components. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 2360–2366, 2005
Ultrasonic degradation of solutions of poly(vinyl acetate) in tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Taghizadeh Mohammad Taghi , Mehrdad Abbas
Published: April 2005

The ultrasonic degradation of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) solutions was carried out in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 20, 25, 30, and 35°C to investigate the effects of the temperature and solution concentration on the rate of degradation. The degradation kinetics were studied with viscometry. The calculated rate constants indicated that the degradation rate of the PVAc solutions decreased as the temperature and solution concentration increased. The calculated rate constants were correlated in terms of the concentration, temperature, vapor pressure of THF, and relative viscosity of the PVAc solutions. This degradation behavior was interpreted in terms of the vapor pressure of THF and the viscosity and concentration of the polymer solutions. With increasing temperature, the vapor pressure of the solvent increased, and so the vapor entered the cavitation bubbles during their growth. This caused a reduction in the collapsing shock because of a cushioning effect; therefore, the rate of degradation decreased. As the solution concentration increased, the viscosity increased and caused a reduction in the cavitation efficiency, and so the rate of degradation decreased. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 2373–2376, 2005
Thermal and mechanical properties of silane‐grafted water crosslinked polyethylene
Authors: Kuan Hsu‐Chiang , Kuan Jenn‐Fong , Ma Chen‐Chi M. , Huang Jaine‐Ming
Published: April 2005

The effects of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) grafting with vinyltrimethoxysilane by different types and contents of peroxide were studied. When grafting silane onto LLDPE, with 0.10 phr of Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) or 0.05 phr content of 2,5‐Dimethyl‐2,5‐di (tert‐butyl‐peroxy)‐hexane (DHBP), it was found that the grafting effect was improved; however, as Di(2‐tert‐butylperoxypropyl ‐(2))‐benzene (DIPP) or excess DHBP was used, LLDPE was supposed to cause self‐crosslinking, which reduced the grafting effect of silane and was invalid in the processing of extrusion. In this study, vinyl trimethoxysilane (VTMS) was grafted onto various polyethylenes (HDPE, LLDPE, and LDPE) using DCP as an initiator in a twin screw extruder. The grafted polyethylenes were able to crosslink utilizing water as the crosslinking agent. The effects of varied crosslinking time on the mechanical properties of the crosslinked polyethylenes were studied. It was found that the HDPE and LLDPE were apt to crosslink during the grafting process and thus decreased the grafting ratio. Multiple melting behavior was observed for crosslinked LDPE and LLDPE. Mechanical and thermal properties of the crosslinked PE are much better than that of uncrosslinked PE. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 2383–2391, 2005
Organosoluble and light‐colored fluorinated polyimides based on 1,1‐bis[4‐(4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromethylphenoxy)phenyl]‐1‐phenylethane and various aromatic dianhydrides
Authors: Yang Chin‐Ping , Chen Yung‐Chung
Published: April 2005

To investigate the CF3 group affecting the coloration and solubility of polyimides (PI), a novel fluorinated diamine 1,1‐bis[4‐(4‐amino‐2‐ trifluoromethylphenoxy)phenyl]‐1‐phenylethane (2) was prepared from 1,1‐ bis(4‐hydrophenyl)‐1‐phenylethan and 2‐chloro‐5‐nitrobenzotrifluoride. A series of light‐colored and soluble PI 5 were synthesized from 2 and various aromatic dianhydrides 3a–f using a standard two‐stage process with thermal 5a– f(H) and chemical 5a–f(C) imidization of poly(amic acid). The 5 series had inherent viscosities ranging from 0.55 to 0.98 dL/g. Most of 5a–f(H) were soluble in amide‐type solvents, such as N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP), N,N‐ dimethylacetamide (DMAc), and N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), and even soluble in less polar solvents, such as m‐Cresol, Py, Dioxane, THF, and CH2Cl2, and the 5(C) series was soluble in all solvents. The GPC data of the 5a–f(C) indicated that the Mn and Mw values were in the range of 5.5–8.7 × 104 and 8.5–10.6 × 104, respectively, and the polydispersity index (PDI) Mw/Mn values were 1.2–1.5. The PI 5 series had excellent mechanical properties. The glass transition temperatures of the 5 series were in the range of 232–276°C, and the 10% weight loss temperatures were at 505–548 °C in nitrogen and 508–532 °C in air, respectively. They left more than 56% char yield at 800°C in nitrogen. These films had cutoff wavelengths between 356.5–411.5 nm, the b* values ranged from 5.0–71.1, the dielectric constants, were 3.11–3.43 (1MHz) and the moisture absorptions were in the range of 011–0.40%. Comparing 5 containing the analogous PI 6 series based on 1,1‐bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]‐1‐ phenylethane (BAPPE), the 5 series with the CF3 group showed lower color intensity, dielectric constants, and better solubility. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 2399–2412, 2005