bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Considerations for Photochemical Modeling of Possible Hycean Worlds
Authors: Cooke G. J. , Madhusudhan N.
Published: December 2024

JWST is revolutionising the study of temperate sub-Neptunes, starting with the first detection of carbon-bearing molecules in the habitable-zone sub-Neptune K2-18 b. The retrieved abundances of CH4 and CO2 and nondetection of NH3 and CO in K2-18 b are consistent with prior predictions of photochemical models for a Hycean world with a habitable ocean. However, recent photochemical modeling raised the prospect that the observed abundances may be explained by a mini-Neptune scenario instead. In this study, we explore these scenarios using independent photochemical modeling with K2-18 b as a case study. We find the previous results to be sensitive to a range of model assumptions, such as the photochemical cross sections, incident stellar spectrum, surface pressure, UV albedo, and metallicity, significantly affecting the resulting abundances. We explore a wide model space to investigate scenarios that are compatible with the retrieved molecular abundances for K2-18 b. Our analysis shows that the previously favored mini-Neptune scenario is not compatible with most of the retrieved abundances, while the Hycean scenarios, both inhabited and uninhabited, provide better agreement. An uninhabited Hycean scenario explains most of the abundance constraints, except CH4, which is generally underabundant but dependent on the model assumptions. The inhabited Hycean scenario is compatible with all the abundances if the observed CH4 is assumed to be predominantly biogenic. Our results underscore the importance of systematic photochemical modeling and accurate interpretation of chemical abundance constraints for candidate Hycean worlds.
An Empirical Framework Characterizing the Metallicity and Star-formation History Dependence of X-Ray Binary Population Formation and Emission in Galaxies
Authors: Lehmer Bret D. , Monson Erik B. , Eufrasio Rafael T. , Amiri Amirnezam , Doore Keith , Basu-Zych Antara , Garofali Kristen , Oskinova Lidia , Andrews Jeff J. , Antoniou Vallia , Geda Robel , Greene Jenny E. , Kovlakas Konstantinos , Lazzarini Margaret , Richardson Chris T.
Published: December 2024

We present a new empirical framework modeling the metallicity and star formation history (SFH) dependence of X-ray luminous (L ≳ 1036 erg s−1) point-source population X-ray luminosity functions (XLFs) in normal galaxies. We expect that the X-ray point-source populations are dominated by X-ray binaries (XRBs), with contributions from supernova remnants near the low luminosity end of our observations. Our framework is calibrated using the collective statistical power of 3731 X-ray detected point sources within 88 Chandra-observed galaxies at D ≲ 40 Mpc that span broad ranges of metallicity (Z ≈ 0.03–2 Z
⊙), SFH, and morphology (dwarf irregulars, late types, and early types). Our best-fitting models indicate that the XLF normalization per unit stellar mass declines by ≈2–3 dex from 10 Myr to 10 Gyr, with a slower age decline for low-metallicity populations. The shape of the XLF for luminous X-ray sources (L ≳ 1038 erg s−1) significantly steepens with increasing age and metallicity, while the lower-luminosity XLF appears to flatten with increasing age. Integration of our models provides predictions for X-ray scaling relations that agree very well with past results presented in the literature, including, e.g., the L
X–SFR–Z relation for high-mass XRBs in young stellar populations as well as the L
X/M
⋆ ratio observed in early-type galaxies that harbor old populations of low-mass XRBs. The model framework and data sets presented in this paper further provide unique benchmarks that can be used for calibrating binary population synthesis models.
A High-resolution Far-infrared Survey to Probe Black Hole–Galaxy Co-evolution
Authors: Bonato Matteo , Leisawitz David , De Zotti Gianfranco , Sommovigo Laura , Shivaei Irene , Urry C. Megan , Farrah Duncan , Spencer Locke , Ricketti Berke V. , Rana Hannah , Aalto Susanne , Sanders David B. , Mundy Lee G.
Published: December 2024

Far-infrared (FIR) surveys are critical to probing the co-evolution of black holes and galaxies, since of the order of half the light from accreting black holes and active star formation is emitted in the rest-frame IR over 0.5 ≲ z ≲ 10. For deep fields with areas of 1 deg2 or less, like the legacy surveys GOODS, COSMOS, and CANDELS, source crowding means that subarcsecond resolution is essential. In this paper, we show with a simulation of the FIR sky that observations made with a small telescope (2 m) at low angular resolution preferentially detect the brightest galaxies, and we demonstrate the scientific value of a space mission that would offer subarcsecond resolution. We envisage a facility that would provide high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy over the wavelength range 25–400 μm, and we present predictions for an extragalactic survey covering 0.5 deg2. Such a survey is expected to detect tens of thousands of star-forming galaxies and thousands of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), in multiple FIR lines (e.g., [C ii], [O i], and [C i]) and continuum. At the longest wavelengths (200–400 μm), it would probe beyond the Epoch of Reionization, up to z ∼ 7–8. A combination of spectral resolution, line sensitivity, and broad spectral coverage would allow us to learn about the physical conditions (temperature, density, and metallicity) characterizing the interstellar medium of galaxies over the past ∼12 billion years and to investigate galaxy–AGN co-evolution.
Signature of Triaxially Precessing Magnetars in Gamma-Ray Burst X-Ray Afterglows
Authors: Zhang Biao , Zhong Shu-Qing , Li Long , Dai Zi-Gao
Published: December 2024

The X-ray afterglows of some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) exhibit plateaus, which can be explained by the internal dissipation of a newborn millisecond magnetar wind. In the early phase of these newborn magnetars, the magnetic inclination angle undergoes periodic changes due to precession, leading to periodic modulation of the injection luminosity due to magnetic dipole radiation. This may result in quasiperiodic oscillations on the plateaus. In this paper, we identify four GRBs with regular flux variations on their X-ray afterglow plateaus from Swift/X-Ray Telescope data before 2023 November, three of which exhibit periodicity. Based on the likelihood of supporting a precessing magnetar as the central engine, we classify them into three categories: Gold (GRB 060202 and GRB 180620A), Silver (GRB 050730), and Bronze (GRB 210610A). We invoke a model of magnetic dipole radiation emitted by a triaxially freely precessing magnetar whose spindown is dominated by electromagnetic radiation, to fit the light curves. Our model successfully reproduces the light curves of these four GRBs, including the regular flux variations on the plateaus and their periodicity (if present). Our work provides further evidence for early precession in newborn millisecond magnetars in GRBs.
The Pulsar Science Collaboratory: Multiepoch Scintillation Studies of Pulsars
Authors: Turner Jacob E. , Lebron Medina Juan G. , Zelensky Zachary , Gustavson Kathleen A. , Marx Jeffrey , Kothapalli Manvith , Cruz Vega Luis D. , Lee Alexander , Figueroa Caryelis B. , Reichart Daniel E. , Haislip Joshua B. , Kouprianov Vladimir V. , White Steve , Ghigo Frank , Heatherly Sue Ann , McLaughlin Maura A.
Published: December 2024

We report on findings from scintillation analyses using high-cadence observations of eight canonical pulsars with observing baselines ranging from 1–3 yr. We obtain scintillation bandwidth and timescale measurements for all pulsars in our survey and scintillation arc curvature measurements for four, and we detect multiple arcs for two. We find evidence of a previously undocumented scattering screen along the line of sight (LOS) to PSR J1645−0317, as well as evidence that a scattering screen along the LOS to PSR J2313+4253 may reside somewhere within the Milky Way’s Orion–Cygnus arm. We report evidence of a significant change in the scintillation pattern in PSR J2022+5154 from the previous two decades of literature, wherein both the scintillation bandwidth and timescale decreased by an order of magnitude relative to earlier observations at the same frequencies, potentially as a result of a different screen dominating the observed scattering. By augmenting the results of previous studies, we find general agreement with estimations of scattering delays from pulsar observations and predictions by the NE2001 electron density model but not for the newest data we have collected, providing some evidence of changes in the ISM along various LOSs over the timespans considered. In a similar manner, we find additional evidence of a correlation between a pulsar’s dispersion measure and the overall variability of its scattering delays over time. The plethora of interesting science obtained through these observations demonstrates the capabilities of the Green Bank Observatory’s 20 m telescope to contribute to pulsar-based studies of the interstellar medium.
Massive Star Cluster Formation with Binaries. I. Evolution of Binary Populations
Authors: Cournoyer-Cloutier Claude , Sills Alison , Harris William E. , Polak Brooke , Rieder Steven , Andersson Eric P. , Appel Sabrina M. , Mac Low Mordecai-Mark , McMillan Stephen , Portegies Zwart Simon
Published: December 2024

We study the evolution of populations of binary stars within massive cluster-forming regions. We simulate the formation of young massive star clusters within giant molecular clouds with masses ranging from 2 × 104 to 3.2 × 105
M
⊙. We use Torch, which couples stellar dynamics, magnetohydrodynamics, star and binary formation, stellar evolution, and stellar feedback through the Amuse framework. We find that the binary fraction decreases during cluster formation at all molecular cloud masses. The binaries’ orbital properties also change, with stronger and quicker changes in denser, more massive clouds. Most of the changes we see can be attributed to the disruption of binaries wider than 100 au, although the close binary fraction also decreases in the densest cluster-forming region. The binary fraction for O stars remains above 90%, but exchanges and dynamical hardening are ubiquitous, indicating that O stars undergo frequent few-body interactions early during the cluster formation process. Changes to the populations of binaries are a by-product of hierarchical cluster assembly: most changes to the binary population take place when the star formation rate is high, and there are frequent mergers between subclusters in the cluster-forming region. A universal primordial binary distribution based on observed inner companions in the Galactic field is consistent with the binary populations of young clusters with resolved stellar populations, and the scatter between clusters of similar masses could be explained by differences in their formation history.
SNR 0519−69.0 as a Type Ia Explosion in a Planetary Nebula Cocoon
Authors: Schindelheim Peri , Court Travis , Badenes Carles , Lee Shiu-Hang , Patnaude Daniel , García-Segura Guillermo , Bravo Eduardo
Published: December 2024

The degree to which Type Ia Supernova (SN Ia) progenitors modify their surroundings remains an open question. In this work, we explore the parameter space for circumstellar interaction in Type Ia Supernova Remnant (SNR) 0519−69.0 by comparing observed archival Chandra spectra with model SNR spectra calculated assuming different SN Ia explosion scenarios and ambient medium (AM) structures. We compared SNR models expanding into a uniform AM with those expanding into a post-common envelope cocoon generated from a planetary nebula model. We conclude that the X-ray spectra and bulk dynamics of SNR 0519−69.0 are best explained by an interaction with a planetary nebula cocoon, implying that the progenitor of this SN Ia went through a common envelope episode shortly (~10,000 yr) before the SN explosion.
A new species of Laena Dejean (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) from Sichuan Province, China, with an updated key
Authors: Wang Haizhi , Wei Zhonghua , Ren Guodong
Published: December 2024

In this study, we describe and illustrate a new species of the genus Laena Dejean, 1821, Laena costatasp. nov., which was collected in Micangshan Nature Reserve of Sichuan Province, China. Additionally, the COI mitochondrial gene was sequenced to provide additional evidence for this new species’ validity. The results of phylogenetic analyses suggest that this new species is sister to L. maowenica Schawaller, 2008. Furthermore, an updated key to Laena species from Sichuan Province is provided.
On a data-driven mathematical model for prostate cancer bone metastasis
Authors: Bektemessov Zholaman , Cherfils Laurence , Allery Cyrille , Berger Julien , Serafini Elisa , Dondossola Eleonora , Casarin Stefano
Published: December 2024

Prostate cancer bone metastasis poses significant health challenges, affecting countless individuals. While treatment with the radioactive isotope radium-223 ($ ^{223} $Ra) has shown promising results, there remains room for therapy optimization. In vivo studies are crucial for optimizing radium therapy; however, they face several roadblocks that limit their effectiveness. By integrating in vivo studies with in silico models, these obstacles can be potentially overcome. Existing computational models of tumor response to $ ^{223} $Ra are often computationally intensive. Accordingly, we here present a versatile and computationally efficient alternative solution. We developed a PDE mathematical model to simulate the effects of $ ^{223} $Ra on prostate cancer bone metastasis, analyzing mitosis and apoptosis rates based on experimental data from both control and treated groups. To build a robust and validated model, our research explored three therapeutic scenarios: no treatment, constant $ ^{223} $Ra exposure, and decay-accounting therapy, with tumor growth simulations for each case. Our findings align well with experimental evidence, demonstrating that our model effectively captures the therapeutic potential of $ ^{223} $Ra, yielding promising results that support our model as a powerful infrastructure to optimize bone metastasis treatment.
Rompere il silenzio. L’incontro tra Studi di genere e Letteratura
Authors: Spinelli Manuela
Published: December 2024

Di recente istituzione ma di rapida diffusione, gli studi di genere hanno significativamente contribuito al rinnovamento della ricerca accademica. Il presente saggio esamina il complesso e fertile rapporto tra gli studi di genere e gli studi letterari. Quali sono i contributi – in termini di prospettiva, contenuti e metodologia – che gli studi di genere offrono alla ricerca letteraria? In modo inverso, possiamo chiederci: cosa porta la letteratura agli studi di genere? Come vedremo, si tratta di un rapporto ricco e variegato che, tuttavia, non è ancora esente da forti resistenze.
Transitioning farming systems in mainland France: A geography of contrasts and change, 2010 to 2020
Authors: Bermond Michaël , Guillemin Pierre
Published: December 2024

In light of the decarbonization objectives in agriculture, environmental preservation, and the resulting challenges of economic sustainability and food security, both European (Farm to Fork) and French policies are encouraging a profound transition within agri-food systems. Consequently, the transformation of agricultural production methods has become imperative. This article delineates the landscape of transitioning farms across mainland France. It relies on a categorization of farms that integrates their agricultural production methods (organic or conventional) and their product marketing approaches (short circuits or long channels), drawing on data from the 2010 and 2020 agricultural censuses. The analysis yields a detailed map (INSEE canton level) illustrating the evolution of transitional farming from 2010 to 2020, opening the way for discussion on the factors favoring the emergence of certain transition types over others. The outcome reveals a complex geography influenced by sectoral factors such as adaptation to pedo-climatic conditions, agricultural policies, the influence of food chains and distribution channels, historical production system dynamics, and the significance of alternative agricultural networks. Additionally, non-sectoral factors stemming from the socio-residential environment, including proximity to urban centers, tourism, areas experiencing residential migration, and the socio-economic profile of resident populations, as well as local public policies, also play pivotal roles in shaping these transitional landscapes.Keywords: agriculture, territorial transition, typology, multivariate analysis, census
Les espaces du mouvement végétarien en France (1880-1914)
Authors: Hondermarck Alexandra
Published: December 2024

À partir des années 1880, des sociétés végétariennes se développent en France, avec pour objectif de résoudre la question sociale grâce à l’abstinence de viande. Ce mouvement prend place dans un contexte internationaliste, où les idées réformatrices ne font sens que resituées dans un jeu de circulations à une échelle qui dépasse les frontières nationales. Dans le même temps, il est pris dans des enjeux locaux et ancrés spatialement, ce qui oriente les pratiques auxquelles il donne lieu. Cet article se propose, au travers d’une approche attentive à la composition sociale de ce mouvement végétarien, d’analyser la manière dont il articule différentes dimensions de l’espace : celui de l’action espérée, celui des pratiques effectives, et enfin celui, quotidien, dans lequel il s’ancre, analysé ici au travers de l’étude des résidences et des mobilités des membres de ce mouvement. Ces rapports à l’espace influencent les discours, les pratiques, mais aussi le cadrage de la cause végétarienne, à une période où celle-ci est en cours de construction des années 1880 à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale.
Vivre les menstruations à la rue
Authors: Peñafiel Berenice
Published: December 2024

Avoir ses règles quand on vit à la rue constitue une difficulté importante pour nombre de femmes en situation précaire, sans espace d’intimité et ne disposant que de l’argent de la manche. Pourtant cette question n’est que très rarement abordée par les sciences sociales en dépit de ses incidences éthiques ou pratiques, par exemple dans le cadre du travail social ou des associations humanitaires. L’article, qui repose sur une recherche ethnographique de plusieurs années dans l’est de la France, s’attache à comprendre une double invisibilité : celle des femmes sans-abri et celle de l’expérience qu’elles ont de leurs menstruations. Cette contribution met en évidence les pratiques mises en œuvre par les femmes vivant à la rue pour compenser leur manque de moyens économiques et jongler avec l’absence d’un espace privé qui leur appartiendrait, ainsi que les conséquences que ces expériences ont sur le sentiment d’estime ou de disparition de soi.
Quitter le sexe féminin à la fin de l’adolescence
Authors: Boulet Arthur
Published: December 2024

Cet article propose une analyse des pratiques corporelles de jeunes trans’ (16 à 20 ans) assigné·e·s au sexe féminin à la naissance au prisme de la notion de visibilité. Il décrit en particulier les pratiques par lesquelles ces jeunes parviennent à rendre visible aux autres et à soi-même la catégorie de sexe à laquelle iels revendiquent une appartenance. Dans les rapports aux autres, la production de performances de genre masculines ou non-binaires entre en tension avec d’autres logiques sociales liées au travail de l’apparence et ne bénéficie que d’une intelligibilité restreinte et située. Dans les rapports à soi, les identifications de genre passent par une attention aux ressentis du corps, construits en signes pour fabriquer des techniques de soi. Ces dernières, qui sont en partie intériorisées dans les espaces communautaires, viennent façonner la subjectivité et renouveler les représentations du corps. Dans les deux cas, les pratiques corporelles s’appuient sur la binarité du genre qui permet de lire les corps en les codant et en les décodant. L’article conclut donc en proposant de penser ces pratiques comme des contre-conduites foucaldiennes, formes de résistance trouvant leur source dans la norme.
Corps de rêves
Authors: Barbier Amélie
Published: December 2024

Dans un laboratoire du sommeil français, des neuroscientifiques travaillent avec des personnes atteintes de narcolepsie pour étudier le rêve. Cette rare pathologie neurologique du sommeil provoque des endormissements irrépressibles à n’importe quel moment de la journée. Les chercheurs considèrent les participantes et participants narcoleptiques comme des sujets très « efficaces », puisqu’ils peuvent s’endormir rapidement, directement en sommeil paradoxal, et font beaucoup de rêves lucides – ils ont conscience d’être dans un songe. Cette étude ethnographique se concentre sur un dispositif au cours duquel une dormeuse doit « coder » ses émotions avec les muscles de son visage tout en restant endormie. Le texte étudie la mise en œuvre de ce modèle expérimental qui cherche à faire émerger des traces visibles et quantifiables du rêve à travers des techniques de communication et d’inscription. En même temps, il analyse la place du récit de rêve dans ce processus de production de savoirs. Basée sur la méthode de l’observation participante, cette étude questionne ainsi ce qui, par le corps et la parole, est montré ou incarné de l’expérience onirique, et ce qui reste aux marges de la représentation.
« Cachez ces corps que l’on ne saurait voir »
Authors: Dalibert  Lucie , Gourinat Valentine , Groud Paul-Fabien
Published: December 2024

La dialectique visibilité-invisibilité du corps amputé – appareillé ou sans prothèse – interroge les normes corporelles et sociales fondées sur le validisme autant qu’elle questionne les places accordées ou prises par ce corps perçu comme hors-normes (validistes) au sein de la société. À partir d’enquêtes ethnographiques et d’un travail documentaire mené sur des contenus médiatiques, nous proposons, dans cet article, d’interroger les injonctions d’invisibilisation du corps amputé par la prothèse ainsi que les espaces dans lesquels le corps amputé sans prothèse peut être rendu visible. Nous analysons d’abord la façon dont les corps amputés sont dissimulés par les prothèses dans les discours médiatiques ainsi que la façon dont ces discours et ces représentations impactent les personnes concernées elles-mêmes. Sont ensuite étudiés les moments et les espaces dans lesquels les personnes amputées choisissent de montrer les marques de l’amputation ainsi que la façon dont elles le font. Sont enfin explorées les pratiques au sein desquelles et via lesquelles le corps amputé est rendu visible dans une perspective d’empowerment : nous exposons comment les activités entre pairs et les réseaux sociaux deviennent des espaces qui permettent l’expression de nouvelles normes, contre et au-delà des normes validistes.
La cueillette professionnelle de plantes sauvages, un travail vivant ?
Authors: Asselain Valentin
Published: December 2024

Les cueilleurs professionnels de plantes sauvages en France métropolitaine forment un groupe professionnel très hétérogène. Autrefois liée aux activités paysannes, la cueillette est désormais pratiquée par des personnes dont les parcours de vie et les discours se rapprochent de ceux des néo-ruraux. Différents processus de professionnalisation sont à l’œuvre au sein de ces acteurs œuvrant aux marges du monde rural et dans les espaces naturels. Les revendications des cueilleurs sont portées par différentes organisations collectives, et visent par exemple la durabilité des sites de cueillettes, l’amélioration de leurs conditions de rémunération, ou encore la reconnaissance de l’herboristerie. Mais au-delà des différents chemins qu’ils empruntent pour faire évoluer leur métier, les cueilleurs que nous avons interrogés font voir un rapport au travail bien particulier. Celui-ci laisse place à des dimensions sensibles, émotionnelles ou irrationnelles, dans une relation dynamique avec le vivant. La cueillette constitue ainsi un exemple intéressant de « travail vivant », à même de nourrir une critique de l’organisation dominante du travail, source de souffrances multiples et généralisées.
Ici, c’est Noël tous les jours : nostalgie de l’âge d’or et recherche du travail vivant dans le pays de Bitche
Authors: Kaba Arnaud
Published: December 2024

Dans le pays de Bitche, région désindustrialisée des Vosges du Nord spécialisée dans le travail du verre, Meisenthal, un village niché dans une vallée, a recréé son outil de production au moyen d’un processus de patrimonialisation. Le Centre International d’Arts Verriers, structure publique de conservation du savoir-faire et d’expérimentation, a connu un succès qui le dépasse en commercialisant des boules de Noël présentées comme métonymies de la culture ouvrière disparue. En se penchant sur les frictions entre politiques locales de valorisation du savoir-faire et résistances par le bas pour des conditions de travail plus libres et plus égalitaires, l’article permet de réfléchir à la question du travail vivant vu comme désir de reproduire un métier sans en reproduire ses logiques de domination.
A Framework for the Responsible Integration of Generative AI Tools in Learning
Authors: Ko Stephen , Chan Simon C. H.
Published: December 2024

Generative artificial intelligence (Gen-AI) tools are increasingly utilized in educational settings for tasks ranging from content creation to personalizing learning experiences. While these tools offer considerable potential to transform education, their integration brings challenges, including biases, dependency, and ethical dilemmas. Addressing these challenges and ethical concerns is essential to fully leveraging Gen-AI to promote equitable and effective learning. This chapter presents a framework for the responsible use of Gen-AI tools in learning environments, offering guidance to educators, technologists, policymakers, students, and other stakeholders. The framework provides proactive guidelines to navigate the complexities of Gen-AI, ensuring these tools are employed ethically and effectively to enhance student learning outcomes.
Investigating Pre-Service Chemistry Teachers' Experiences in Designing Lesson Plans Using ChatGPT
Authors: Kadıoğlu Nagihan , Oskay Özge Özyalçın
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the use of ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence tool that rapidly processes user inputs, offering valuable support for educational tasks. Given the growing integration of AI in education, it is essential for pre-service teachers—who will be future educators—to understand and utilize ChatGPT effectively, adhering to ethical guidelines for professional development. The study investigates how pre-service chemistry teachers design lesson plans with the aid of ChatGPT and gathers their reflections on these experiences. Six pre-service chemistry teachers participated, each creating a lesson plan by giving specific commands to ChatGPT. These lesson plans focused on chemistry curriculum objectives and aimed to develop a chosen type of intelligence from the theory of multiple intelligences. Following the lesson plan development, semi-structured interviews were conducted to capture participants' insights into their experiences.
Machine Learning-Based Multi-Layer Security Network Authentication System for Uncertain Attack in the Wireless Communication System
Authors: Shelke Chetan , Sudha D. , Achary Rathnakar , Shrivastava Virendra Kumar , Tiwari Tripti , Tiwari Mohit
Published: December 2024

Due to the characteristics of the wireless computation setting, like the lack of established facilities, wireless communication routes, restricted energy and bandwidth, periodically shifting and dispersed network layouts, and so on, wireless communication systems are extremely susceptible to uncertain attacks.The distinct parts of a multilayered security network have been designed in such a manner that the susceptibility of a single layer does not impact the additional layers, and therefore the entire network is not susceptible. As this paper provides a multiple-layer protected Internet of Things (IoT) platform idea depending on machine learning (ML), this research will detail the creation of a multilayer security network system for authentication using ML.The structure suggested aids in decreasing the detection period while maintaining accuracy.
The Development of the Multi-Layer Security Network Authentication System Using Machine Learning
Authors: Dhanalakshmi B. , William P. , Chadha Anupama , Reddy Karumuru Venkat Tiru Gopal , Tiwari Mohit , Tiwari Tripti
Published: December 2024

Researchers and business owners place significant importance on the security of IoT networks as it directly affects the availability of IoT services and the privacy of connected users. To address this concern, an intrusion detection system is used to identify and thwart attacks and to provide multi-layer security. In this study, a novel system is developed of multi-layer Security network authentication system using machine learning. This approach combines algorithm for security network authentication system. Additionally, an oversampling technique is employed to improve the quality of classification results.Various experiments were conducted with different layers, as well as two distinct techniques for developing authentication system.
The Challenge of Innovation Measurement in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
Authors: Youssef Asmaa Ahmed , ElSabry ElHassan Anas
Published: December 2024

The measurement of innovation is critical for SME success, driving economic growth, competitiveness, and social progress. Accurately measuring innovation reveals insights into an SME's adaptability, product creation, and competitive edge. However, innovation's complexity challenges effective measurement frameworks. This publication explores diverse approaches to innovation measurement, highlighting methodologies' strengths and limitations for SME assessment. It defines innovation's impact on efficiency, satisfaction, competitive advantage, and resilience, exploring inputs, activities, outputs, and environmental factors. Challenges like valuing intangibles and global disparities are addressed, suggesting future research for enhanced frameworks and sector-specific indicators in innovation management. These advancements aim to improve the accuracy and relevance of innovation measurement, supporting SMEs in continuous improvement and strategic decision-making.
Understanding Barriers to Innovation in Non-Innovative SMEs in Egypt
Authors: Salem Nahed , Adris Alaa-Eldin , Kaoud Hebatalla
Published: December 2024

In today's globalized world, innovation is a key enabler that leads to economic growth, competitiveness, and sustainability. The gap between an innovative and any non-innovative SME in all regards is most probably widening, as much of small and medium business in Egypt are still to step into creative methodologies that many corporations have focused on to ensure their success in the market. By identifying the obstacles that prevent SMEs from being innovative, the research will attempt to determine what barriers hinder innovation in Egypt's non-innovative SMEs. This research seeks to identify the Sub-sectoral barriers in manufacturing sector specific to non-innovative SMEs to shed the light on these obstacles. This study is guided by this open ended question: What sub-sectoral barriers are hindering the innovative capacity of non-innovative SMEs in the Egyptian manufacturing sector? This study utilizes an analysis of existing data from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS).
AI Technologies in Robotics
Authors: Gaurav Akshat , Arya Varsha
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the application of AI technologies in the domain of robotics, focusing on how these advancements enable robots to perform complex tasks with high efficiency and autonomy. It covers critical areas such as perception, where AI allows robots to interpret sensory data; navigation and motion planning, enabling robots to move through and interact with their environments safely; and manipulation, where AI-driven robots achieve precision in handling objects. The chapter also discusses the role of AI in facilitating human-robot interaction, enhancing the ability of robots to work alongside humans in various industrial settings. Through detailed explanations and examples, the chapter demonstrates the transformative potential of AI in robotics, showcasing how it drives innovation and efficiency in industrial applications. This chapter explores the application of AI technologies in the domain of robotics, focusing on how these advancements enable robots to perform complex tasks with high efficiency and autonomy. It covers critical areas such as perception, where AI allows robots to interpret sensory data; navigation and motion planning, enabling robots to move through and interact with their environments safely; and manipulation, where AI-driven robots achieve precision in handling objects. The chapter also discusses the role of AI in facilitating human-robot interaction, enhancing the ability of robots to work alongside humans in various industrial settings. Through detailed explanations and examples, the chapter demonstrates the transformative potential of AI in robotics, showcasing how it drives innovation and efficiency in industrial applications.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Autonomous Drones
Authors: Darwinto Purwadi Agus , Widodo Agung Mulyo , Agustina Nilla Perdana , Wahyuadnyana Kadek Dwi , Rahaman Mosiur
Published: December 2024

This article discusses the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in drone systems, highlighting AI's ability to interpret data, learn, and adapt to achieve goals. AI's broad applications range from natural language processing to autonomous vehicles and industrial robotics. AI enables drones to autonomously perform tasks like takeoff, navigation, and landing, even in complex environments. The study also covers AI's role in real-time data analysis for various purposes, including security and agrotechnology. It emphasizes the importance of algorithm development and sensor data processing for drone operations, enhancing their performance, efficiency, and safety. The use of simulations in languages like C++, Python, MATLAB, and Simulink is mentioned, with specific reference to reducing chattering in Sliding Mode Control (SMC) for energy efficiency and extended flight times. The article concludes with the challenges of aligning drone design with market-available components and the successful application of AI in drone control systems.
Industrial Evolution
Authors: Rahaman Mosiur , Putra Karisma Trinda , Irawan Bambang , Biyanto Totok Ruki
Published: December 2024

This chapter presents an in-depth analysis of the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the fields of industrial robotics and drone technology, offering a comprehensive overview of the integration and evolution of these technologies. Beginning with a historical perspective, the study traces the development of robotics and drones within industrial contexts, laying the foundation for understanding the significant impact of AI. The analysis reveals how the advent of AI has revolutionized these technologies, shifting from basic mechanization to advanced, intelligent systems capable of complex tasks, and decision-making. The study explores the progression from initial AI applications in robotics to the current state-of-the-art implementations, demonstrating the profound changes in efficiency, capability, and functionality. By examining the interplay between AI, robotics, and drones, the study provides insights into the future trajectory of these technologies and their potential to redefine industrial processes.
Enhancing Autonomous System Security With AI and Secure Computation Technologies
Authors: Singh Tushar , Kumar Sudhakar , Singh Sunil K. , Priyanshu  , Gupta Brij B. , Wu Jinsong , Castiglione Arcangelo
Published: December 2024

Exploring the intersection of transparency and security in autonomous systems, this chapter examines the dynamic landscape of industrial robots and intelligent drones. Advanced technologies such as machine learning, AI, robotics, and deep learning shape this intricate domain. As autonomous systems gain prominence across sectors, a focus lies on understanding decision-making frameworks. Methodologies for achieving algorithmic transparency and strengthening security protocols are outlined, emphasizing the fusion of technological innovation with ethical considerations. Real-world case studies offer practical insights and best practices. Ethical responsibilities in AI and robotics integration are emphasized, alongside a forward-looking view on emerging trends and technologies, providing a tailored roadmap for researchers, practitioners, and enthusiasts navigating the evolving realm of autonomous systems. This chapter provides a thorough analysis of transparency and security challenges and opportunities in autonomous systems, benefiting policymakers and industry stakeholders.
Transformative Pedagogy That Strengthen Black Student Outcomes and All-Around Student Well-Being
Authors: Sloss Chad J.
Published: December 2024

COVID-19 has changed many aspects of educational practices. There is a need to examine how pedagogical approaches have changed to better accommodate students' personal and academic pursuit, and more specifically, their mental and social well-being (Sloss, 2022). In addition to COVID-19 related challenges, society has championed an ahistorical fallacy of racism that counters many institutions' September 2020 declaration and commitment to act as “allies” or “anti-racist”. This has led to many postured attacks and a strong pivot away from Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Initiatives (DEI). In addition, there has been an inflation of negative propagandized campaigns against academic disciplines and programs like sociology, which critically examines the cultural and structural/systemic components that produce unequal outcomes. This chapter discusses the pedagogical approaches from faculty and student experiences at HBCUs/HWCUs in the midwest and mid-south. This chapter examines critical, revolutionary, human insecurity, well-being and constructive irreverence pedagogical approaches.
Re-Centering Care in Early Care and Education Programs
Authors: West Erin K.
Published: December 2024

Care is essential in the lives of all people, but especially in the upbringing and education of young children. The discourses of care include education and relationships and are central to re-centering care in early care and education (ECE) settings. This chapter outlines the discourses of care and provides suggestions for policymakers, caregivers, and practitioners on re-centering care in ECE. Every child deserves care, and when care is enacted in this multifaceted manner, children grow and learn in healthy and developmentally-appropriate environments.
Caring Leadership in Early Childhood Education
Authors: Bufalino Giambattista
Published: December 2024

This chapter examines the critical role of caring leadership in shaping early childhood education environments that foster holistic development. It discusses the integration of comprehensive care in childcare settings, emphasizing the importance of emotional support, physical well-being, cognitive stimulation, and social interaction in nurturing young learners. This contribution highlights how caring leadership extends beyond administrative duties to involve empathetic engagement and inclusive practices that address the diverse needs of all children. By advocating for a leadership approach that prioritizes empathy and inclusivity, the chapter suggests that such leadership is essential for providing high-quality educational experiences that prepare children for lifelong learning and development. The analysis concludes that effective caring leadership in early childhood education is pivotal in creating supportive and enriching environments crucial for the optimal growth and success of young learners.
Rethinking Competences for Initial Language Teacher Training Through Trauma-Informed Lens
Authors: Holovatenko Tetiana
Published: December 2024

The chapter discusses the importance of implementing the trauma-informed approach in pre-service language teacher training. The purpose of this chapter is to identify the scope of competencies language teachers should possess when implementing a trauma-informed approach in teaching languages. This study is exploratory research extensively employing a qualitative research methodology through the grounded theory. The triangulation strategy was used to collect the data on the issue from the analysis of certificate teacher training curricula at universities, analysis of policy requirements for initial teacher training and the analysis of quantitative data on perspectives of pre-service elementary school language teachers on trauma-informed approach. The results are presented as a competency-based matrix covering subsections of knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for pre-service English language teachers implementing the trauma-informed approach.
Fostering Inclusive Education
Authors: Soumya C. , Vasudha V. , Ganesh Kumar J.
Published: December 2024

This chapter presents a biopsychosocial approach as a framework for understanding inclusive education. Also, this chapter outlines the challenges faced by children with special educational needs and the relevant stakeholders when tackling this issue, including defining inclusive education within their resource constraints and overcoming societal barriers. It delves into the practical strategies for fostering inclusion, such as effective identification and support, individualized educational plans (IEPs), engaging teaching methods, and accessible learning environments. The chapter concludes by highlighting key areas for future research, including the impact of technology, culturally responsive practices, and the long-term outcomes of inclusive education for students with disabilities
Unraveling Gender Disparities
Authors: Singha Surjit
Published: December 2024

Incorporating intersectionality and biopsychosocial models into collaborative endeavours is essential for achieving gender equity in education. This study investigates gender disparities, considering a range of intricate elements such as biological, psychological, social, and intersecting identities. Despite advancements, obstacles persist due to systemic barriers, limited resources, and cultural norms. Targeted strategies like curriculum revision, comprehensive teacher training, and creating inclusive environments can resolve these issues. Collaboration, advocacy, and community involvement are essential for dismantling prejudices and inequalities. A dedication to promoting inclusivity and empowerment is critical to cultivating a just and equitable society, ensuring all individuals' prosperity.
Factors Affecting Mental Health and Its Impact on the Academic Performance of the College Students
Authors: Kumar J. Ganesh , Kaur Bipandeep
Published: December 2024

Student well-being has been a field of concern for various researchers and studies have been conducted to understand the factors that influence a student's performance at higher educational institutions. This chapter specifically focuses on understanding the factors that influence the student's mental health that further impacts their academic achievement. The research reviews are done using keywords such as academic achievement, student well-being and mental health, coping strategies and obstacles. Student engagement in class is a major factor related to their mental health whereas home-based parental involvement and social engagement is associated with academic achievement. The results are a clear justification of how the mental health of the student can influence their academic achievement, and the various coping strategies that play a crucial role in ensuring good mental health of the student.
Detention for Correction
Authors: Johari Archika , Dogra Shambhavi , Kumar J. Ganesh
Published: December 2024

Violence is one of the most prominent social issues in our society in the present world, and school and societal violence have a very prominent role to play in its perpetuation. Some experts very firmly believe that physical punishment by a caring and loving parent does not have any negative effects on the child while some believe that physical punishment of any kind can be considered a minor form of assault towards children and can have a negative impact on the child. This chapter will analyze and review the various types of punishments and their impact on children's behavior. Through the means of this study, the authors will also try to understand the impact of these punishments after the attainment of adulthood, and how they contribute towards the promotion of antisocial and violent behaviors in both children and adults.
Promoting Inclusive Learning Environments
Authors: Parveen Amina , Jan Shazia , Bashir Fazila , Ganie Aamir Ahmad , Zimik Phayaola N.
Published: December 2024

An inclusive learning environment is a setting that embraces and accommodates diverse learners, ensuring equitable access, participation, and opportunities for everyone, regardless of their background, abilities, or characteristics. Digital technologies play a crucial role in fostering inclusion in education by improving content accessibility, enabling personalized learning, and facilitating distance education. This chapter delves into the intricate landscape of digital inclusion in education, elucidating the multifaceted challenges and opportunities inherent in ensuring equitable access and participation for all learners. By examining existing research and policy frameworks, it navigates through the complexities of addressing disparities in digital infrastructure, socio-economic factors, and digital skills among students and educators. Through collaborative efforts and strategic interventions, the chapter underscores the potential for advancing digital inclusion agendas to foster more inclusive and equitable learning environments for diverse learners.
The Significance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Inclusive Education
Authors: Julien Gabriel
Published: December 2024

Since artificial intelligence (AI) is used extensively in the field of education it presents various opportunities for teaching and learning. In education, AI is chiefly used to impart knowledge, stimulate comprehension, and heighten intelligence and it is treasured as a support in learning. It is also instrumental in empowering and inspiring students. The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) also has a positive impact on inclusive education. Because these technologies can potentially transform teaching and learning, it is important to understand how they can be used to further support inclusive education. This non-empirical research analyzed some advantages and challenges of incorporating artificial intelligence in teaching and learning and highlighted how it influences inclusion. Based on the literature some of the advantages of AI are improved performance of students, motivation, and encouragement of students.
Voiceless Algorithms
Authors: Liu Youmei
Published: December 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of higher education, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has indicated potential transformative benefits. As universities worldwide debate embracing AI-driven educational reforms, one critical voice often remains unheard in the dialogue: that of the students themselves. The empirical study in this chapter seeks to address this silence and emphasizes the pivotal significance of exploring the equity implications of AI-driven educational reforms through the lens of students. The research data uncovered important aspects of students in technology integration in the process of learning. Students expressed feelings of excitement and anxiety, highlighting the dual nature of AI's influence on their educational journey. The adoption of AI technology is no longer the sole concern of administrators and educators; it has become a moral obligation to include student voices in the transformation. Recognizing and addressing psychological impacts is crucial in ensuring that these reforms are equitable and supportive of student well-being.