bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Emerging Technologies in Diabetes Management for Multiple-Dose Insulin-Injecting Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Who Self-monitor Blood Glucose
Authors: Slugocki Malgorzata , Bialonczyk Damian , Özdener Ayşe Elif
Published: November 2018

Objective: The management of diabetes mellitus requires a precise interpretation of blood glucose (BG) data by patients and providers and is increasingly associated with a need for medical technologies that aid in achieving patient-specific outcomes while making the process convenient. This review aims to summarize the current landscape in diabetes management technology, focusing specifically on devices that assist with pattern management in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who are on multiple-dose insulin regimens. Data Sources: The authors searched MEDLINE to identify articles from 2007 to 2018 that evaluated technologies for BG pattern management and diabetes monitoring. Additional references were generated through review of identified literature citations. Article selection was based on mutual agreement for inclusion. Data Selection and Data Extraction: Relevant articles were defined as English-language articles, describing technologies that assist with diabetes management in insulin-injecting patients with T2DM. Articles that focused exclusively on type 1 diabetes were excluded. Data Synthesis: The literature search yielded 334 articles, of which 21 were included for synthesis. The current BG monitoring practices emphasize the benefit of the structured self-monitoring of BG approach. Several randomized controlled trials conclude that the available technology aids in comprehensive data collection and facilitates communication between patients and providers. Digitally enabled “smart” devices are valuable tools that may help improve outcomes while providing a flexible, personalized approach. Conclusions: Integration of digital technology with diabetes management allows for accurate collection and analysis of data. Emergence of digital tools promotes a comprehensive, precise, and objective approach to glucose monitoring and encourages patient-provider collaborations.
Nfe2 is dispensable for early but required for adult thrombocyte formation and function in zebrafish
Authors: Rost Megan S. , Shestopalov Ilya , Liu Yang , Vo Andy H. , Richter Catherine E. , Emly Sylvia M. , Barrett Francesca G. , Stachura David L. , Holinstat Michael , Zon Leonard I. , Shavit Jordan A.
Published: November 2018

The NFE2 transcription factor is expressed in multiple hematopoietic lineages with a well-defined role in regulating megakaryocyte biogenesis and platelet production in mammals. Mice deficient in NFE2 develop severe thrombocytopenia with lethality resulting from neonatal hemorrhage. Recent data in mammals reveal potential differences in embryonic and adult thrombopoiesis. Multiple studies in zebrafish have revealed mechanistic insights into hematopoiesis, although thrombopoiesis has been less studied. Rather than platelets, zebrafish possess thrombocytes, which are nucleated cells with similar functional properties. Using transcription activator-like effector nucleases to generate mutations in nfe2, we show that unlike mammals, zebrafish survive to adulthood in the absence of Nfe2. Despite developing severe thrombocytopenia, homozygous mutants do not display overt hemorrhage or reduced survival. Surprisingly, quantification of circulating thrombocytes in mutant 6-day-old larvae revealed no significant differences from wild-type siblings. Both wild-type and nfe2 null larvae formed thrombocyte-rich clots in response to endothelial injury. In addition, ex vivo thrombocytic colony formation was intact in nfe2 mutants, and adult kidney marrow displayed expansion of hematopoietic progenitors. These data suggest that loss of Nfe2 results in a late block in adult thrombopoiesis, with secondary expansion of precursors: features consistent with mammals. Overall, our data suggest parallels with erythropoiesis, including distinct primitive and definitive pathways of development and potential for a previously unknown Nfe2-independent pathway of embryonic thrombopoiesis. Long-term homozygous mutant survival will facilitate in-depth study of Nfe2 deficiency in vivo, and further investigation could lead to alternative methodologies for the enhancement of platelet production.
Prospective randomised controlled trial of Algisite™ M, Cuticerin™, and Sorbact® as donor site dressings in paediatric split-thickness skin grafts
Authors: McBride Craig A. , Kimble Roy M. , Stockton Kellie A.
Published: November 2018

Background

This is a parallel three-arm prospective randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing Algisite™ M, Cuticerin™, and Sorbact® as donor site dressings in paediatric split-thickness skin grafts (STSG). All three were in current use within the Pegg Leditschke Children’s Burn centre (PLCBC), the largest paediatric burns centre in Queensland, Australia. Our objective was to find the best performing dressing, following on from previous trials designed to rationalise dressings for the burn wound itself.

Methods

All children for STSG, with thigh donor sites, were considered for enrolment in the trial. Primary outcome measures were days to re-epithelialisation, and pain. Secondary measures were cost, itch, and scarring at 3 and 6 months. Patients and parents were blinded to group assignment. Blinding of assessors was possible with the dressing in situ, with partial blinding following first dressing change. Blinded photographic assessments of re-epithelialisation were used. Scar assessment was blinded. Covariates for analysis were sex, age, and graft thickness (as measured from a central biopsy).

Results

There were 101 patients randomised to the Algisite™ M (33), Cuticerin™ (32), and Sorbact® (36) arms between April 2015 and July 2016. All were analysed for time to re-epithelialisation. Pain scores were not available for all time points in all patients. There were no significant differences between the three arms regarding pain, or time to re-epithelialisation. There were no significant differences for the secondary outcomes of itch, scarring, or cost. Regression analyses demonstrated faster re-epithelialisation in younger patients and decreased donor site scarring at 3 and 6 months with thinner STSG. There were no adverse effects noted.

Conclusions

There are no data supporting a preference for one trial dressing over the others, in donor site wounds (DSW) in children. Thinner skin grafts lead to less donor site scarring in children. Younger patients have faster donor site wound healing.

Trial registration

Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ACTRN12614000380695).

Royal Children’s Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/14/QRCH/36).

University of Queensland Medical Research Ethics Committee (#2014000447).
Development of Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for the assessment of dietary intake among overweight and obese Saudi young children
Authors: Almajwal Ali , AL-zahrani Saeed , Abulmeaty Mahmoud , Alam Iftikhar , Razzak Suhail , Alqahtani Aayed
Published: November 2018

Background

Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) is an effective tool for nutritional status assessment. This study had two objectives: (1) to develop a FFQ for habitual dietary intake assessment of children and adolescents with overweight or obesity and (2) to evaluate the reproducibility of this FFQ.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Obesity Clinics at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A final sample of 236 children and adolescents (115/121: M/F; age 6–17 years) was used after they provided a written consent. Their anthropometrics were measured and they completed a  a 3-day food record (3DFR) questionnaire. We constructed a comprehensive food list based on the most commonly reported food items and portion size reported in 3DFR. This food list was converted to FFQ format using the typically reported portions. FFQ was reduced and developed into final form. The newly developed 74-item FFQ was administered twice over a 4-week period. Reproducibility was explored by comparing the nutrients and food intakes of FFQ1 and FFQ2. All statistical analyses were done on SPSS (version 18.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

Results

The newly developed FFQ had 74 food items distributed in 7 food groups. A satisfactory reproducibility of FFQ was achieved. The average correlation coefficients of nutrients and food groups were 0.46 and 0.49, respectively. The average % agreement of nutrients and food groups were 70.1 and 70.9%, respectively.

Conclusion

The newly developed FFQ had 74 food items broadly categorized in 7 food groups and yielded satisfactory reproducibility. We conclude the newly developed FFQ may be a useful tool for further research for dietary assessment of children and adolescents with overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia.
custEM: Customizable finite-element simulation of complex controlled-source electromagnetic data
Authors: Rochlitz Raphael , Skibbe Nico , Günther Thomas
Published: November 2018

We have developed the open-source toolbox custEM (customizable electromagnetic modeling) for the simulation of complex 3D controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) problems. It is based on the open-source finite-element library FEniCS, which supports tetrahedral meshes, multiprocessing, higher order polynomials, and anisotropy. We use multiple finite-element approaches to solve the time-harmonic Maxwell equations, which are based on total or secondary electric field and gauged potential formulations. In addition, we develop a secondary magnetic field formulation, showing superior performance if only magnetic fields are required. Using Nédélec basis functions, we robustly incorporate the current density on the edges of the mesh for the total field formulations. The latter enable modeling of CSEM problems taking topography into account. We evaluate semianalytical 1D layered-earth solutions with the pyhed library, supporting arbitrary configurations of dipole or loop sources for secondary field calculations. All system matrices have been modified to be symmetric and solved in parallel with the direct solver MUMPS. Aside from the finite-element kernel, mesh generation, interpolation, and visualization modules have been implemented to simplify and automate the modeling workflow. We prove the capability of custEM, including validation against analytic-solutions, crossvalidation of all implemented approaches, and results for a model with 3D topography with four examples. The object-oriented implementation allows for customizable modifications and additions or to use only submodules designed for special tasks, such as mesh generation or matrix assembly. Therefore, the toolbox is suitable for crossvalidation with other codes and as the basis for developing 3D inversion routines.
Combining multiseismic attributes with an extended octree quantization method
Authors: Al-Dossary Saleh , Wang Jinsong , Wang Yuchun E.
Published: November 2018

Seismic interpreters and processors encounter ever-increasing volumes of seismic attributes in geophysical exploration each year. Multiattribute integration and classification improve the ability to identify geologic facies and reservoir properties, such as thickness, fluid type, fracture intensity, and orientation. Simple color mixing technology allows us to display three attributes simultaneously. To overcome this limit, we extend from three nodes to up to eight nodes octree color quantization originated from image processing of compressing colors to handle eight groups of attributes to form a single attribute. We can then apply the group reduction criterion for geophysical data classification to reveal common geologic targets while preserving the small variations or thin layers often present in hydrocarbon reservoirs. By combining multiple attributes, we hope to see all individual geologic features in the same image but also channels that might not be visible in any single attribute and to focus on major geobodies through group reduction classification on combined data. We first applied the method to a 2D section of poststack seismic data and well logs to test its validity, and then we further used it on scaled curvatures and other 3D seismic attributes to showcase the aforementioned benefits. Storage efficiency is a noted additional advantage of octree. However, the importance of selecting relevant attributes for octree application cannot be underestimated and requires the involvement of experienced seismic interpreters.
Creating the Archive of African Women’s Writing
Authors: Busia Abena P. A.
Published: November 2018

This essay is a reflection of the monumental Women Writing Africa project by one of the project’s three editors. Over the course of two decades, the project published four volumes documenting the history of literary expression by African women throughout the continent, including the stories of dispossession that mark the harrowing start of the slave routes. This intimate account engages with the context of feminist praxis on the continent and the politics of African feminist research and publishing. Women Writing Africa was a project of cultural renewal that restored African women’s voices to the African canon and redrew the map of African literature. In their work, the editors and contributors confronted the intractable reductiveness around images of Africa—even within feminist circles—and addressed what it means to be “African” in the contemporary world. The editors’ hope was to generate new readings of Africa’s history by shedding light on women’s writing and, in doing so, change assumptions of how knowledge is shaped.
Contested Encounters
Authors: Makana Selina
Published: November 2018

This essay reflects upon both the predicaments and the promises of feminist ethnography in contemporary Africa from the position of an African feminist researcher. Two key questions guide the analysis: What are productive ways to respond to feminist critiques of representing the African woman “other”? What are the promises, if any, of African feminist ethnography documenting the histories of women on the continent? This essay argues that African feminist ethnography is a productive methodology that helps to highlight knowledge production about women’s lives in their specific sociopolitical, ethnolinguistic, religious, and economic contexts. To highlight the significance and limits of reflexivity and the idiosyncrasies of ethnographic research, this essay calls for a different way of naming the encounters between researchers and their participants. It therefore proposes naming this energy the ebb and flow of fieldwork research because this metaphor helps to destabilize and move beyond the rigid binaries of insider/outsider that have traditionally characterized power relations in fieldwork.
Genome-wide identification of lncRNAs and mRNAs differentially expressed in non-functioning pituitary adenoma and construction of a lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network
Authors: Xing Weikang , Qi Zhenyu , Huang Cheng , Zhang Nan , Zhang Wei , Li Yao , Qiu Minyan , Fang Qi , Hui Guozhen
Published: November 2018

The involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) during tumorigenesis is a recent, emerging theme. Yet, no systematic evaluation of lncRNAs has been previously reported for non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA), a fairly common type of intracranial tumor. Here, we report the first genome-wide expression profile for lncRNAs and mRNAs in NFPA, using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. Using microarray analyses, we identified 113 lncRNAs and 80 mRNAs differentially expressed in NFPA; this list includes lncRNAs previously implicated in a variety of cancers. Using real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), we further confirmed differential expression in NFPA for 10 of the 113 lncRNAs. Using these 10 doubly confirmed lncRNAs, we constructed a lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network comprising 130 specific lncRNA-mRNA co-expression relationships. In addition, we conducted GO and KEGG analyses for the 80 mRNAs differentially expressed in NFPA. Our microarray and qRT-PCR analyses provided a working list of lncRNAs that may be functionally relevant to NFPA tumorigenesis. Our co-expression network in turn connected these largely uncharacterized lncRNAs to specific mRNAs, whose roles we further elucidated via GO and KEGG analyses, thus providing specific, testable hypotheses for the functions of these lncRNAs. Together, our study laid the foundation for future investigation of the specific function and mechanism by which lncRNAs are involved in NFPA tumorigenesis.
Development of migrating tendon-bone attachments involves replacement of progenitor populations
Authors: Felsenthal Neta , Rubin Sarah , Stern Tomer , Krief Sharon , Pal Deepanwita , Pryce Brian A. , Schweitzer Ronen , Zelzer Elazar
Published: November 2018

Tendon-bone attachment sites, called entheses, are essential for musculoskeletal function. They are formed embryonically by Sox9+ progenitors and continue to develop postnatally, utilizing Gli1 lineage cells. Despite their importance, we lack information on the transition from embryonic to mature enthesis and on the relation between Sox9+ progenitors and the Gli1 lineage. Here, by performing a series of lineage tracing experiments in mice, we identify the onset of Gli1 lineage contribution to different entheses. We show that Gli1 expression is regulated embryonically by SHH signaling, whereas postnatally it is maintained by IHH signaling. During bone elongation, some entheses migrate along the bone shaft, whereas others remain stationary. Interestingly, in stationary entheses Sox9+ cells differentiate into the Gli1 lineage, but in migrating entheses this lineage is replaced by Gli1 lineage. These Gli1+ progenitors are defined embryonically to occupy the different domains of the mature enthesis. Overall, these findings demonstrate a developmental strategy whereby one progenitor population establishes a simple embryonic tissue, whereas another population contributes to its maturation. Moreover, they suggest that different cell populations may be considered for cell-based therapy of enthesis injuries.
Impact of Landuses on Air and Water Quality- A Review
Authors: SUPRIYA KALYANI , AGGARWAL R K , BHARDWAJ S K
Published: November 2018

Landuse alteration is one of the primary causes of global environmental change. Changes in the landuse usually occurred regionally and globally over last few decades and will carry on in the future as well. These activities are highly influenced by anthropogenic activities and have more serious consequences on the quality of water and air. In the present study relationship between land use impact on water and air quality have been reviewed.
Spreading cheer with festive wreaths
Authors: Francis-Pester Dawn
Published: November 2018

In this month's article, we take advantage of the festive season to suggest different ways to make decorative wreaths that children can use as part of their seasonal celebrations.
Developing a good understanding
Authors: Sargent Marianne
Published: November 2018

This is the fifth in a series of extracts from the book, Developing Early Literacy Skills Outdoors, which explores ideas for providing children with opportunities to learn outside.
Walking in a winter wonderland
Authors: Neville Sarah
Published: November 2018

December begins the period where, traditionally, we experience colder days, and when people celebrate the turning of the calendar year and there is so much we can do!
Who now pulls the strings?
Authors: Fowler John
Published: November 2018

John Fowler explores the complexities of new managerial relationships and old friendships
School's out!
Authors: Reston Emily
Published: November 2018

For Beeston Dental Practice & Implant Clinic, dentistry is more than just treating patients in the chair. Here, dental nurse Emily Reston shares the team's passion for oral health promotion that goes beyond the four walls of the surgery
Taking it to the next level
Authors: Tyson Joe
Published: November 2018

Orthodontic dental nurse Joe Tyson suggests you need to be one step ahead if you are to enjoy this new stage of your career ladder
The evolution of the dental practice manager
Authors: Leggatt Charlotte
Published: November 2018

Charlotte Leggatt considers this multifaceted role in ever-changing times
Straightening teeth – and cross infection
Authors:   Orthodontic National Group
Published: November 2018

A report by the Orthodontic National Group on the orthodontic dental nurse session that took place at BOC 2018, with a particular focus on the infection control presentation
Procedure for using an inhaler
Authors: Jevon Phil
Published: November 2018

Phil Jevon considers the asthmatic patient in a dental setting
Medical records and history taking
Authors: Fromage Gemma
Published: November 2018

When working as an aesthetic practitioner, the importance of taking good medical records cannot be overstated. In this article, Gemma Fromage discusses what makes a good medical record, and highlights some of the key areas that should always be documented
Abdominoplasty procedure
Authors: Branford Olivier
Published: November 2018

Abdominoplasty, also referred to as the tummy tuck procedure, involves removing excess skin and fat, and may include tightening separated muscles, creating an abdominal profile that is smother and firmer. Typically combined with liposuction to achieve optimal results, abdominoplasty includes mini, full, extended, circumferential or vertical types. In this article, Olivier Alexandre Branford, an aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgeon, provides an up-to-date overview of this procedure
Highlights from the annual BACN Conference 2019
Authors: Bennett Sharon
Published: November 2018

As we enter the festive season and the year draws to a close, the BACN reflects on the work they have done over the past year—the most recent event being their annual conference. In this article, BACN Chair Sharon Bennett provides an overview of this year's BACN conference, which was held in Birmingham in November, focusing on some of the conference's highlights, both clinical and social
Making tax difficult: upcoming changes to tax will affect clinics
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: November 2018

A shakeup of how businesses and organisations report their business activity to HMRC is on the way, and from April 2019, clinics will have to change their procedures to meet new regulatory demands. In this article, Adam Bernstein provides an overview of the changes, and highlights how the new procedures will affect clinics
Is it time to re-invent your brand?
Authors: Ratcliffe Jason
Published: November 2018

Business language is obsessed with ‘destroying the enemy’, winning the battle and owning the universe, placing yourself and your staff under ever more pressure to perform. But there is a different path, one that simply focuses on providing the best experience possible for your clients. In this article, Jason Ratcliffe discusses evolving your most amazing product to date—your brand, and creating a calmer attitude towards work
Nailing the consultation: building relationships, rather than hard selling
Authors: Singh Harry
Published: November 2018

The consultation is one of the most important steps in the patient journey. It gives practitioners an opportunity to get to know their patients, their wants and needs, and to build trust and rapport. In this article Harry Singh gives his top tips on how to give a successful consultation, based on building lasting patient–practitioner relationships, rather than hard selling
The use of outcome measures in equine rehabilitation
Authors: Tabor Gillian , Williams Jane
Published: November 2018

Background:

The ideal goal of equine rehabilitation following injury or surgery is to return the horse to a level of function that either meets or exceeds the previous performance level, and monitoring progress is important within rehabilitation. Outcome measures (OM) are used extensively in human practice and research, especially patient reported outcomes (PRO). PROs generally consist of a series of questions and observation of functional tasks, use of which may be challenging in equine practice.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of OMs by physiotherapists in equine musculoskeletal rehabilitation.

Methods:

A questionnaire was used to investigate how those involved with the treatment and training of horses measure progress and outcomes during rehabilitation.

Results:

71 physiotherapists responded, comprising 51 chartered physiotherapists and 20 physiotherapists without prior human training, with an average of 9.25 years in equine practice; 82.2% reported OM use. When asked to define an OM, 72.5% of chartered physiotherapists and 40% of physiotherapists without prior human training, matched a pre-set definition correctly. The benefits of OM use were reported consistently as a method of objectively monitoring progress and used to adapt treatment plans. The barriers to OM use were lack of OM validation and reliability and time constraints. However, OMs were mainly subjective, such as visual assessment of lameness, palpation and muscle symmetry.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, confusion exists regarding what an OM is, and OM use is reported but often refers to subjective assessment method. A validated equine musculoskeletal rehabilitation score is required to support clinical practice.
The clinical relevance of sound changes produced during cementless hip arthroplasty
Authors: McConnell J. S. , Saunders P. R. J. , Young S. K.
Published: November 2018

Aims

Cementless femoral stems must be correctly sized and well-seated to obtain satisfactory biological fixation. The change in sound that occurs during impaction of the femoral broach is said to indicate good fit, but this has not been widely studied. We set out to find whether the presence or absence of these sound changes could predict correct sizing.

Patients and Methods

We recorded the sound generated during femoral broaching for 105 cementless total hip arthroplasties using the Corail stem. Four cases were excluded, leaving 101 recordings for analysis. There were 36 male patients and 65 female patients, with a mean age of 69.9 years (sd 12.3) and median body mass index (BMI) of 29 kg/m 2 (interquartile range (IQR) 26 to 32). The recordings were analyzed to identify the frequencies of the sounds produced during impaction of the femoral broach.

Results

The emergence of a low-frequency band of sound in the 1 kHz range, during the final femoral broaching, was a strong predictor of a well-sized implant stem. The frequency was related to femoral length, supporting our hypothesis that the sound arose from the bone itself.

Conclusion

The low-frequency sound generated during femoral broaching can be monitored spectrographically, its frequency can be predicted from femoral length, and it is a good predictor of appropriate stem sizing.
The assessment of the stability of the tibial component of a novel knee arthroplasty system using radiostereometric analysis
Authors: Turgeon T. R. , Gascoyne T. C. , Laende E. K. , Dunbar M. J. , Bohm E. R. , Richardson C. G.
Published: November 2018

Aims

The introduction of a novel design of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) must achieve outcomes at least as good as existing designs. A novel design of TKA with a reducing radius of the femoral component and a modified cam-post articulation has been released and requires assessment of the fixation to bone. Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) of the components within the first two postoperative years has been shown to be predictive of medium- to long-term fixation. The aim of this study was to assess the stability of the tibial component of this system during this period of time using RSA.

Patients and Methods

A cohort of 30 patients underwent primary, cemented TKA using the novel posterior stabilized fixed-bearing (ATTUNE) design. There was an even distribution of men and women (15:15). The mean age of the patients was 64 years (sd 8) at the time of surgery; their mean body mass index (BMI) was 35.4 kg/m 2 (sd 7.9). RSA was used to assess the stability of the tibial component at 6, 12, and 24 months compared with a six-week baseline examination. Patient-reported outcome measures were also assessed.

Results

The mean maximum total point motion (MTPM) of the tibial component between 12 and 24 months postoperatively was 0.08 mm (sd 0.08), which is well below the published threshold of 0.2 mm (p < 0.001). Patient-reported outcome measures consistently improved.

Conclusion

The tibial component of this novel design of TKA showed stability between assessment 12 and 24 months postoperatively, suggesting an acceptably low risk of medium- to long-term failure due to aseptic loosening.
The influence of compressive forces across the patellofemoral joint on patient-reported outcome after bi-cruciate stabilized total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kaneko T. , Kono N. , Mochizuki Y. , Hada M. , Sunakawa T. , Ikegami H. , Musha Y.
Published: November 2018

Aims

Patellofemoral problems are a common complication of total knee arthroplasty. A high compressive force across the patellofemoral joint may affect patient-reported outcome. However, the relationship between patient-reported outcome and the intraoperative patellofemoral contact force has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not a high intraoperative patellofemoral compressive force affects patient-reported outcome.

Patients and Methods

This prospective study included 42 patients (42 knees) with varus-type osteoarthritis who underwent a bi-cruciate stabilized total knee arthroplasty and in whom the planned alignment was confirmed on 3D CT. Of the 42 patients, 36 were women and six were men. Their mean age was 72.3 years (61 to 87) and their mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.4 kg/m2(18.2 to 34.3). After implantation of the femoral and tibial components, the compressive force across the patellofemoral joint was measured at 10°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 140° of flexion using a load cell (Kyowa Electronic Instruments Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) manufactured in the same shape as the patellar implant. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between intraoperative patellofemoral compressive force and patient-reported outcome two years after implantation.

Results

No patient had anterior knee pain after total knee arthroplasty. The compressive force across the patellofemoral joint at 140°of flexion was negatively correlated with patient satisfaction (R2= 0.458; β = –0.706; p = 0. 041) and Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12; R2= .378; β = –0.636; p = 0. 036). The compressive force across the patellofemoral joint at 60° of flexion was negatively correlated with the patella score (R2= 0.417; β = –0.688; p = 0. 046).

Conclusion

Patient satisfaction, FJS-12, and patella score were affected by the patellofemoral compressive force at 60° and 140° of flexion. Reduction of the patellofemoral compressive forces at 60° and 140° of flexion angle during total knee arthroplasty may improve patient-reported outcome, but has no effect on anterior knee pain.
Surgical treatment of primary malignant tumours of the distal tibia
Authors: Zhao Z-Q. , Yan T-Q. , Guo W. , Yang R-L. , Tang X-D. , Yang Y.
Published: November 2018

Aims

We retrospectively report our experience of managing 30 patients with a primary malignant tumour of the distal tibia; 25 were treated by limb salvage surgery and five by amputation. We compared the clinical outcomes of following the use of different methods of reconstruction.

Patients and Methods

There were 19 male and 11 female patients. The mean age of the patients was 19 years (6 to 59) and the mean follow-up was 5.1 years (1.25 to 12.58). Massive allograft was used in 11 patients, and autograft was used in 14 patients. The time to union, the survival time of the reconstruction, complication rate, and functional outcomes following the different surgical techniques were compared. The overall patient survival was also recorded.

Results

Out of 14 patients treated with an autograft, 12 (86%) achieved union at both the proximal and distal junctions. The time to union at both junctions of the autograft was significantly shorter than in those treated with an allograft (11.1 vs 17.2 months, p = 0.02; 9.5 vs 16.2 months, p = 0.04). The complication rate of allograft reconstruction was 55%. The five patients treated with an amputation did not have a complication. Out of the 25 patients who were treated with limb salvage, three (12%) developed local recurrence and underwent amputation. The mean functional Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score after autograft reconstruction was higher than after allograft reconstruction (81% vs 67%; p = 0.06), and similar to that after amputation (81% vs 82%; p = 0.82). The two- and five-year overall rates of survival were 83% and 70%, respectively.

Conclusions

This consecutive case series supports the safety of limb salvage and the effectiveness of biological reconstruction after the resection of a primary tumour of the distal tibia. Autograft might be a preferable option. In some circumstances, below-knee amputation remains a valid option.
Early versus delayed surgery for paediatric supracondylar humeral fractures in the absence of vascular compromise
Authors: Farrow L. , Ablett A. D. , Mills L. , Barker S.
Published: November 2018

Aims

We set out to determine if there is a difference in perioperative outcomes between early and delayed surgery in paediatric supracondylar humeral fractures in the absence of vascular compromise through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Materials and Methods

A literature search was performed, with search outputs screened for studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The groups of early surgery (ES) and delayed surgery (DS) were classified by study authors. The primary outcome measure was open reduction requirement. Meta-analysis was performed in the presence of sufficient study homogeneity. Individual study risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomised Studies – of Interventions (ROBINS-I) criteria, with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) criteria used to evaluate outcomes independently.

Results

A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria (1735 fractures). Pooled mean time to surgery from injury was and 10.7 hours for ES and 91.8 hours for DS. On meta-analysis there was no significant difference between ES versus DS for the outcome of open reduction requirement. There was also no significant difference for the outcomes: Iatrogenic nerve injury, pin site infection, and re-operation. The quality of evidence for all the individual outcomes was low or very low.

Conclusions

There is no evidence that delaying supracondylar fracture surgery negatively influences outcomes in the absence of vascular compromise. There are, however, notable limitations to the existing available literature.
“We’d get slagged and bullied”: understanding barriers to volunteering among young people in deprived urban areas
Authors: Davies James
Published: November 2018

This article explores barriers to formal volunteering opportunities among young people, aged 12–18, in deprived urban areas in Glasgow, Scotland. It draws on qualitative fieldwork conducted with young volunteers, non-volunteers and youth workers. The article employs Bourdieu’s concept of ‘habitus’ to analyse how objective conditions and subjective dispositions created obstacles to participation. Findings indicate that participants were constrained from accessing volunteering due to: resource issues in youth organisations; a lack of support from schools; a lack of information; and restrictions on their spatial mobilities. These constraints provided conditions in which volunteering became subject to informal penalties. These were not, however, experienced in a uniform manner but intersected with gender and individual trajectories to create varying opportunities for volunteering.
Antibody immunoglobulin G1 and immunoglobulin G2a responses against some cystic fluid proteins of Cysticercus bovis in Balb/c mice
Authors: Astawa I Nyoman Mantik , Oka Ida Bagus Made , Dwinata I Made
Published: November 2018

Background and Aim: Immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 and IgG2a are the surrogate markers respectively for humoral and cellular immune responses of hosts against antigens including cystic fluid proteins of Cysticercus bovis. A study was conducted to investigate the IgG1 and IgG2a responses of Balb/c mice against some individual cystic fluid proteins of C. bovis in an effort to determine the roles of each protein in inducing the humoral and cellular immune responses in host.

Materials and Methods: Individual p71, p31, and p14 proteins of C. bovis were purified by separation of the proteins using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and elution of individual proteins from the gel. Six female Balb/c mice were immunized 4 times at 10-day intervals with the crude cystic fluid proteins, and sera were collected for the measurement of IgG1 and IgG2a levels against the individual proteins. Sera samples collected before the first immunization were used as negative antibody control, sera samples collected after the fourth immunization were used as positive antibody control, and crude cystic fluid protein was used as positive antigen control.

Results: All immunized mice were immune to p71, p31, p14, and crude cystic fluid proteins of C. bovis. The crude cystic fluid proteins of C. bovis induced a higher IgG2a than IgG1 level following the first and the second immunizations but switched into a higher IgG1 than IgG2a level following the fourth immunization. Protein 71 kDa (p71) induced a higher IgG2a than IgG1 level following the fourth immunization. In contrast, p14 induced a higher IgG1 than IgG2a level following the fourth immunization. Low and balance IgG1 and IgG2a levels against p31 were observed following the first to the fourth immunizations.

Conclusion: Using IgG1 and IgG2a levels as the surrogate markers, it appears that cystic fluid antigens of C. bovis induce both humoral and cellular immune responses in Balb/c mice. The p71 appears to be a better inducer of cellular immune response, whereas p14 is a better inducer of humoral immune response of mice.
Effect of several repair techniques on the bond strength between composite resin and degraded Y-TZP ceramic
Authors: Wandscher Vinícius Felipe , Brondani Luana , Pereira Gabriel Kalil Rocha , De Melo Renata Marques
Published: November 2018

Objective: To evaluate the bond strength of different repair treatments for composite resin to aged Y-TZP ceramics.  Material and Methods: Zirconia blocks were cut into smaller specimens, sintered according to manufacturer’s recommendations (final dimensions of 4×4×3 mm), and randomly allocated into nine groups (n=15) according to the surface treatment and presence/absence of aging of the substrate (subjected to low-temperature degradation - LTD), as follows: without LTD (Control: without treatment; TBS: tribochemical silica coating + silane + adhesive); with LTD (Control-LTD: without treatment; TBS-LTD: TBS with hydrothermal degradation; MoS-LTD: Monobond S + adhesive; MoP-LTD: Monobond Plus + adhesive; MZP-LTD: Metal/Zirconia Primer + adhesive; USB-LTD: Single Bond Universal; AP-LTD: Alloy primer + adhesive). LTD was simulated in an autoclave (134 °C, 2 bar, 5 h). The ceramic blocks were embedded in PVC cylinders with a self-curing acrylic resin; each surface treatment protocol was performed; a composite resin cylinder (Æ: 3.25 mm and height: 3 mm) was then build-up using split metallic matrices. All the specimens were aged (thermocycling + storage in water for 90 days) and subjected to the shear bond strength test using a universal testing machine (1 mm/min). The failure mode was classified into four types: adhesive, composite resin cohesive fracture, ceramic cohesive fracture, and mixed. The bond strength values were subjected to Mann–Whitney test. Results: Only air-abraded samples (TBS and TBS–LTD) survived thermocycling. More than 80% of the samples of the other groups presented pre-test failures. TBS groups presented higher values of bond strength (3.94) compared to TBS-LTD (0.96). The predominant type of failure for the surviving samples were adhesive. Conclusion: Air particle abrasion is mandatory to improve the bond strength of the Y-TZP substrate; an aged substrate presents an even more unfavorable scenario for adhesion.Keywords Dental prosthesis repair; Hydrothermal degradation; Zirconia; Shear bond strength; Sandblasting.
Intrusion of upper molars with mini-implants for open bite correction is effective? A systematic review
Authors: De Lira Ana de Lourdes Sá , Nascimento Gustavo Pinho , Freitas Tennessee Felipe Costa
Published: November 2018

Introduction: The open bite is a malocclusion defined by the absence of a positive vertical overlap of the upper incisors over the lower ones. It is believed that the correction of this malocclusion with mini-implants is as effective as another technique. Objective: To verify by scientific evidence the effectiveness of upper molar intrusion with mini-implants for correction of open bite. Material and Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (version 5.3) was used to assess the methodological quality and risk of bias of the included studies. Results: During the selection and evaluation process, 795 of the 1297 papers were eligible for research in their titles and abstracts. Repeated articles were removed and as a result, 21 articles were retrieved and read completely. Those who did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded, resulting in only 6 articles that were included. Conclusion: The intrusion of the upper molars with the use of mini-implants as a skeletal anchor is effective for open bite correction. When the technique of upper molar intrusion with mini-implants was compared with the technique of posterior high pull and incisor extrusion, the first one was more effective for the correction of open bite. The recurrence of molar intrusion does not invalidate mini-implant treatment for open bite correction because the benefits achieved outweigh the small dental relapse.Keywords Orthodontics, corrective; Tooth intrusion; Open bite.
Sensitivity and specificity of different indexes used to diagnose Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Dantas Isabelle Sousa , Cordeiro Jairo Matozinho , Câmara-Souza Mariana Barbosa , De Resende Camila Maria Bastos Machado , Oliveira Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli da Costa , Barbosa Gustavo Augusto Seabra
Published: November 2018

Objective: To verify the level of agreement among different indexes used to achieve the prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD). Material and Methods: One hundred one dental students were selected by a randomized process. TMD were evaluated by the Fonseca’s Anamnestic Index (FAI), Helkimo’s Clinical Index (HCI), and the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD). Data was analyzed using Chi-square and Kappa tests, considering a significance level of 5%. Results: HCI showed the highest prevalence of TMD, and the comparison between RDC/TMD, FAI, and HCI showed low agreement (k=0.17 and k=0.35 respectively). Most individuals presented mild TMD for both FAI and HCI indexes. A moderate correlation for TMD severity was obtained (kw=0.53) between FAI and HCI, and a high sensitivity and low specificity were observed for both diagnosis when compared to RDC/TMD. Conclusion: The prevalence of TMD may vary significantly depending on the index used for its diagnosis, which may lead to a large number of false positives and overtreatments. Keywords: Epidemiology; Prevalence; Temporomandibular joint; Temporomandibular joint disorders; Young adult.
Effect of the mixing method on the dimensional stability of dental stones
Authors: Tango Rubens Nisie , Souza Diego Leonardo Aparecido , Da Silva Lucas Hian , Sato Tabata Prado , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto , De Carvalho Paula Carolina Komori
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of mixing method and the empiric water/powder ratio on the dimensional change of two types of dental stones (type III and type IV) at different setting times: baseline, loss of brightness, initial and final setting (1/4 and 1pound Gilmore´s needle, respectively) and, after 48 hours at 37°C. Five mixing methods were used: Gc – manufacturer´s recommendation, G1 – weighed powder/ empiric water volume and powder on water, G2 - weighed powder/ empiric water volume and water on powder, G3 – empiric powder volume, graduated water and powder on water, G4 - empiric powder volume, graduated water and water on powder. The linear expansion was measured according to ISO 6873. The expansion values (x10-2mm) were analyzed by Two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test (?=0.05). For type III, the results showed significance for both factors and for interaction; for type IV, only the time were significant (p<0.05). Limited by methodology, it could be concluded that both dental stones expanded more than the recommended by ISO. The expansion of type III was dependent on the mixing method, and once correct consistency is reached with type IV, there is no influence of mixing method on dimensional stability.KeywordsGypsum; Dental stones; Expansion behavior.
Assessing wind, solar, and wave energy sources in the southwest of Buenos Aires province (Argentina)
Authors: Genchi Sibila A. , Vitale Alejandro J. , Piccolo M. Cintia , Perillo Gerardo M. E.
Published: November 2018

Identificar el potencial de los recursos energéticos renovables es de gran interés dentro de la planificación energética. El objetivo principal de este estudio es evaluar los recursos eólico, solar y undimotriz en el Suroeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina), analizando su potencial para la producción de electricidad, su relación con la carga de demanda, y la integración entre los mismos. Se emplearon datos de cuatro estaciones de monitoreo. En términos generales, se halló que los mayores niveles de potencia se observan en los meses de verano, coincidiendo con la máxima demanda eléctrica, alcanzando valores medios de hasta 1.06 kW m-2 (viento - 30 m de altura-), 0.56 kW m-2 (solar) y 4.60 kW m-1 (ola). Se aplicó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para evaluar las relaciones entre los recursos renovables a múltiples escalas temporales. Con respecto a la asociación entre los recursos eólico y solar, se encontró que éstos mostraron correlaciones altas y positivas, lo que significa que no pueden ser complementarios entre sí para su explotación combinada. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los pares de recursos restantes, tales como viento (continental/onshore) versus ola, solar versus ola, viento (offshore) versus viento (continental/onshore) y viento (offshore) versus solar, mostraron resultados prometedores para la complementariedad.
Identificar, caracterizar y evaluar sitios geoculturales. Trabajo de campo en el Geoparque Mundial UNESCO Mixteca Alta
Authors: Martínez Miranda Giuliana Mariana
Published: November 2018

La zona de estudio considerada en este trabajo corresponde al área del Geoparque Mundial UNESCO Mixteca Alta (GMUMA), que comprende la extensión territorial de nueve municipios ubicados en el noroeste del estado de Oaxaca: San Andrés Sinaxtla, San Bartolo Soyaltepec, San Juan Teposcolula, San Juan Yucuita, San Pedro Topiltepec, Santa María Chachoapam, Santiago Tillo, Santo Domingo Tonaltepec y Santo Domingo Yanhuitlán, que abarcan una superficie total de 415.4 km2 (Palacio et al., 2015). Se trata de un área comúnmente considerada como un “desastre ecológico” dada la avanzada degradación de sus recursos naturales; sin embargo, es precisamente esa condición la que representa su principal atributo de interés, con formas del relieve y procesos asociados que se manifiestan como rasgos erosivos y acumulativos que, a su vez, se relacionan con el uso milenario del terreno con fines agrícolas, que lo convirtien en un recurso didáctico y turístico susceptible de ser aprovechado desde la perspectiva del geoturismo (Palacio et al., 2016).
Badanie polityki zagranicznej państwa, Edward Haliżak (ed.), Rambler, Warszawa 2018, 590 pp, ISBN: 978-83-62751-64-8.
Authors: Osiewicz Przemysław
Published: November 2018

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