bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome resequencing clarifies phylogeny and reveals patterns of selection in the toxicogenomics model Pimephales promelas
Authors: Klymus Katy E. , Hrabik Robert A. , Thompson Nathan L. , Cornman Robert S.
Published: August 2022

Background

The fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) is a model species for toxicological research. A high-quality genome reference sequence is available, and genomic methods are increasingly used in toxicological studies of the species. However, phylogenetic relationships within the genus remain incompletely known and little population-genomic data are available for fathead minnow despite the potential effects of genetic background on toxicological responses. On the other hand, a wealth of extant samples is stored in museum collections that in principle allow fine-scale analysis of contemporary and historical genetic variation.

Methods

Here we use short-read shotgun resequencing to investigate sequence variation among and within Pimephales species. At the genus level, our objectives were to resolve phylogenetic relationships and identify genes with signatures of positive diversifying selection. At the species level, our objective was to evaluate the utility of archived-sample resequencing for detecting selective sweeps within fathead minnow, applied to a population introduced to the San Juan River of the southwestern United States sometime prior to 1950.

Results

We recovered well-supported but discordant phylogenetic topologies for nuclear and mitochondrial sequences that we hypothesize arose from mitochondrial transfer among species. The nuclear tree supported bluntnose minnow (P. notatus) as sister to fathead minnow, with the slim minnow (P. tenellus) and bullhead minnow (P. vigilax) more closely related to each other. Using multiple methods, we identified 11 genes that have diversified under positive selection within the genus. Within the San Juan River population, we identified selective-sweep regions overlapping several sets of related genes, including both genes that encode the giant sarcomere protein titin and the two genes encoding the MTORC1 complex, a key metabolic regulator. We also observed elevated polymorphism and reduced differentation among populations (FST) in genomic regions containing certain immune-gene clusters, similar to what has been reported in other taxa. Collectively, our data clarify evolutionary relationships and selective pressures within the genus and establish museum archives as a fruitful resource for characterizing genomic variation. We anticipate that large-scale resequencing will enable the detection of genetic variants associated with environmental toxicants such as heavy metals, high salinity, estrogens, and agrichemicals, which could be exploited as efficient biomarkers of exposure in natural populations.
Identifying and Understanding Factors Influencing the Knowledge Level of Farmers in Watershed Development Programme Using Principal Components Analysis
Authors: Dash Samir Ranjan , Mukhopadhyay Sidhartha Dev , Mishra Prasanna Jit , Swain Susanta Kumar
Published: August 2022

Watershed Development Programmme is based on bottom-up planning and a participatory approach. It will be easier to implement the programme successfully and get the desired results if we have a good comprehension of the guidelines. On many different developmental programmes implementation its components including institutional arrangement, community organisation, objectives, programme creation and implementation, funding pattern, monitoring and evaluation, significant gaps were observed. These socio -economic factors provide essential information to support efforts and policies aimed at improving adoption by recognizing heterogeneities in the targeted populations. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a technique for reducing the dimensionality of datasets, increasing interpretability but at the same time minimizing information loss. The present study was conducted with a sample size of 192 progressive farmers and watershed user groups in Nuapada and Kalahandi district of Odisha state, aiming to identify the major socio economic factors governing farmers’ knowledge and adoption level of different watershed activities. Three different principal components (PCs) could finally be extracted out of twelve relatively important variables governing knowledge and participation level of farmers in different watershed activities. These three factors were resource richness, which was associated with higher farm revenue, cosmopoliteness, which was associated with extended contact and motivation, and family type, which was associated with manpower and farming as a primary employment. Firstly, data reduction was conducted through principal component analysis to identify three important components accounting for 58.66% of the total variability in the data. It is evident from the results that socioeconomic factors such as Land holding, Annual Income, Type of house, Cosmo politeness and extension contact, Education, more use communication materials, Social participation and age of the farmer, can be associated with higher knowledge and adoption of watershed activities and practices. From the findings of the study, it was concluded that three principal components like ‘resource richness’, ‘education and extension contact’ and ‘farm family occupation” were found to have exerted significantly high influence and contributed 23.44%, 20.12% and 15.1% variance respectively in determining the extent of farmers’ knowledge level about watershed activities . These factors can be used as essential input to predict models or as benchmarks for developing scales or indices for measuring farmers’ progressiveness and knowledge and adoption of watershed activities.
Biorational Based IPM Module for the Management of Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes Orbonalis in Brinjal
Authors: Kumar M. Senthil
Published: August 2022

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the integrated pest management module against L.orbonalis in brinjal under field conditions. The brinjal fruit obtained Salem district is being sell to other states. Due to this massive requirement, farmers have a tendency to spray a higher number of pesticidal sprays to thwart slight damage or bore hole due to L.orbonalis. Crop damage produced by brinjal shoot and fruit borer was evaluated on the basis of damaged shoot and fruits separately. In order to assess the per cent shoot damage, the damaged shoots on five randomly selected tagged plants were counted as against total available shoots on the observed plants. In present study, Kharif and Rabi season recorded highest fruit yield of 288.71 and 307.50 quintals/ha and favorable cost benefit ratio of 1:2.07 and 1: 2.03 was recorded in IPM module plot respectively.
A construção da identidade cultural
Authors: Lonardoni Alves Daniela
Published: August 2022

A partir de uma análise descritiva, a pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender o cruzamento de diversas identidades, como a origem cubana, migração, questões geracionais e de gênero, em articulação com o tema sexualidade na série One day at a time (2017). O projeto toma como base os conflitos de uma família de imigrantes cubanos nos Estados Unidos. Fundamentado nas concepções dos Estudos Culturais, o trabalho aprofunda-se sobre a desconstrução dos estereótipos de gêneros (BUTLER, 2003), observando as configurações socioculturais quepercorrem a construção dessas identidades.
Essa bicha é engraçada
Authors: Silva Rocha Caio César , Ferreira da Rocha Júnior Alberto
Published: August 2022

Este artigo pretende analisar como a comicidade presente na obra dramatúrgica Greta Garbo, quem diria, acabou no Irajá (1974), de autoria de Fernando Mello, atua como um importante dispositivo político para o debate de questões relacionadas às sexualidades. A peça teatral, escrita e encenada durante a ditadura civil-militar no Brasil, evidencia uma conflituosa relação de amor entre os personagens-tipo: Pedro, um homossexual afetadíssimo, e Renato, um jovem interiorano que, por uma cilada do destino, torna-se um garoto de programa. Nessa perspectiva, este trabalho problematiza a característica política do cômico que, no texto de Mello, atua como um valoroso elemento para a visibilidade e protagonismo do personagem bicha (Pedro), como também do amor guei, em um grave período da história do nosso país em que os sujeitos homossexuais eram vistos como inferiores e patológicos.
The unconscious- The real McCoy of psychotherapy
Authors: Dallaway Joan
Published: August 2022

What follows may be described as my 'free association' on the subject matter of the NZAP Conference 1999, The Unconscious- the Real McCoy of Psychotherapy? Since I practise from an integrative and holistic perspective, I scoured many sources that have guided and influenced my being a psychotherapist, seeking in them what may be identified as the 'real McCoy'. My sourcing was not exhaustive. I offer an entree and look forward to the feast we may savour together as we begin to reflect on our individual and collective practice and chosen interpretations of many psychotherapeutic narratives.
Into the cocked hat
Authors: O'Neill-Dean Richard
Published: August 2022

A brief resume of three ideas seen as central to the field of psychoanalytic psychotherapy- meaning, mentality and relationship -are presented for the purpose of generating discussion.
Monkeypox Infection
Authors: Escudero-Tornero Rafael , Sobral-Costas Tristán-Gabriel , Servera-Negre Guillermo
Published: August 2022

This case report describes multiple subcentimeter vesicles and papulovesicules with central necrosis surrounding the anal opening.
Relapse Rates and Disease-Specific Mortality Following Procedures for Fertility Preservation at Time of Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Marklund Anna , Lekberg Tobias , Hedayati Elham , Liljegren Annelie , Bergh Jonas , Lundberg Frida E. , Rodriguez-Wallberg Kenny A.
Published: August 2022

Importance

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common indication for fertility preservation (FP) in women of reproductive age. Procedures for FP often include hormonal stimulation, but current data are scarce regarding whether using hormonal stimulation for FP is associated with any deterioration in BC prognosis.

Objective

To investigate the risk of disease-specific mortality and relapse in women who underwent FP with or without hormonal stimulation compared with women who did not at time of BC diagnosis.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This Swedish nationwide prospective cohort study was conducted to assess the safety of hormonal and nonhormonal FP procedures indicated by BC in Sweden from January 1, 1994, through June 30, 2017. Women were identified from any of the regional FP programs located at Swedish university hospitals. A total of 425 women were found to have undergone FP, and 850 population comparators who had not undergone FP were sampled from regional BC registers and matched on age, calendar period of diagnosis, and region. Relapse-free survival was assessed in a subcohort of 241 women who underwent FP and 482 women who had not, with complete data. Nationwide demographic and health care registers provided data on outcome, disease- and treatment-related variables, and socioeconomic characteristics. Data analyses were performed between November 2021 and March 2022 and completed in June 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Relapse and disease-specific mortality after a diagnosis of BC.

Results

The final study population included 1275 women (mean [SD] age, 32.9 [3.8] years) at the time of BC diagnosis. After stratification by the matching variables age, calendar period, and region, and adjustment for country of birth, education, parity at diagnosis, tumor size, number of lymph node metastases, and estrogen receptor status, disease-specific mortality was similar in women who underwent hormonal FP (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.59; 95% CI, 0.32-1.09), women who underwent nonhormonal FP (aHR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.20-1.29), and women who were not exposed to FP (reference). In a subcohort with detailed data on relapse, adjusted rate of disease-specific mortality and relapse were also similar among the groups who underwent hormonal FP (aHR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.49-1.37), underwent nonhormonal FP (aHR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.35-1.62), and were not exposed to FP (reference).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, FP with or without hormonal stimulation was not associated with any increased risk of relapse or disease-specific mortality in women with BC. Results of this study provide much needed additional evidence on the safety of FP procedures in women with BC and may influence current health care practice to the benefit of young women with BC who wish to preserve their fertility.
Mechanism for One‐Pot Synthesis of 0D‐2D Carbon Materials in the Bubbles Inside Molten Salts
Authors: Zhao Yifeng , Shi Zhiyuan , Zhu Yulin , Liu Jian , Yang Bo , Yu Qingkai , Xie Xiaoming
Published: August 2022

The molten salts can be used as media for hydrocarbon pyrolysis owing to their excellent thermal properties, fluidity, and ease of products separation. The bubbling of hydrocarbon gases through the molten salts is an effective approach for exploiting the comprehensive advantages of the molten salts. However, the catalytic capability of the molten salts to crack CH bonds is lower than that of molten metals/alloys. Although the addition of transition metal salts into molten salts improves the catalytic performance, the catalytic mechanism is far from well understood. Herein, bubbling chemical vapor deposition (B‐CVD) for one‐pot synthesis of 0D (carbon black, CB)/2D (graphene, Gr) carbon materials in molten salt at 850 °C is developed. Spectroscopic results suggest that the ionic complexes of the transition metal (Cr, Fe, Ru, Ni, Pd, Cu) chloride are the active species to realize the efficient pyrolysis of methane (CH4). The confined space introduced by the bubble acts as a mini‐reactor to define the product morphology and accelerate the growth. Beneficial to the synergistic effect between ionic complex promotion and bubble confined space, the mass production of CB/Gr simultaneously with high efficiency and low cost at relatively low temperature is achieved.
Moisture Resistant and Stable Wireless Wind Speed Sensing System Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Charge‐Excitation Strategy
Authors: Yu Xinke , Fu Shaoke , Zuo Xiuli , Zeng Jie , Shan Chuncai , He Wencong , Li Wenpo , Hu Chenguo
Published: August 2022

Wind energy harvesting from the ambient environment by triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is highly important for powering wireless sensing systems. However, the output of TENG is greatly affected by ambient humidity, which seriously limits the measurement accuracy and stability of sensors. Herein, a flutter‐driven TENG composed of an Al foil interlayer sealed by FEP membranes (FEP/Al/FEP) is proposed to isolate Al foil from the external environment. A self‐charge excitation circuit is used to inject charges into the Al foil interlayer to achieve high charge density on it, greatly reducing the dependence on triboelectrification. In addition, an elastic steel sheet connected to a fluttering membrane at the fixed end is designed to get high stability of vibration. Consequently, the interference of humidity and other external environmental factors of this new type of elastic‐assisted TENG (EA‐TENG) with self‐charge excitation is greatly reduced and the output performance is greatly enhanced compared with traditional flutter‐driven TENGs. To demonstrate a practical application, a wind speed monitoring and alarming system are designed, which realizes real‐time wind speed detection and wind speed threshold alarm. The moisture‐resistant and stable wireless wind speed sensing system in this study has great applications in building large‐scale sensor networks.
A Latent‐Fire‐Detecting Olfactory System Enabled by Ultra‐Fast and Sub‐ppm Ammonia‐Responsive Ti3C2Tx MXene/MoS2 Sensors
Authors: You Cheng‐Wei , Fu Teng , Li Chun‐Bo , Song Xin , Tang Bo , Song Xuan , Yang Yang , Deng Ze‐Peng , Wang Yu‐Zhong , Song Fei
Published: August 2022

Explosive developments in modern society bring huge fire loads. Previous fire detections at early stages are basically enabled by recognizing abnormal high‐temperatures, smoke particles, and flame light signals. However, the identification of these characteristic signals is generally accompanied by an open flame or smoke, which makes it difficult to prevent further serious damage. Herein, a latent‐fire‐detecting strategy of trace ammonia (NH3) analysis based on nanohybrid Ti3C2Tx MXene/MoS2 is proposed. Benefiting from nanoscale high‐density Schottky heterojunctions between MoS2 and Ti3C2Tx MXene, ultrafast (3 s @100 ppm), sub‐ppm (200 ppb minimum), and high‐sensitivity (81.7% @100 ppm and 10.2% @200 ppb) detection of NH3 are enabled. An assembled latent‐fire‐detecting olfactory system (LFOS) based on MXene/MoS2 and interdigital electrodes can monitor trace NH3 releases from different materials (wool, leather, foam, and nylon) during thermal decomposition at latent stages. Notably, the LFOS can detect fire threats at least 84 s earlier than commercialized smoke detectors, providing more fire dealing time and an escape period; this offers a promising latent‐fire‐warning approach for eliminating fire treats at an early stage.
A Machine‐Learning‐Enhanced Simultaneous and Multimodal Sensor Based on Moist‐Electric Powered Graphene Oxide
Authors: Yang Ce , Wang Haiyan , Yang Jiawei , Yao Houze , He Tiancheng , Bai Jiaxin , Guang Tianlei , Cheng Huhu , Yan Jianfeng , Qu Liangti
Published: August 2022

Simultaneous multimodal monitoring can greatly perceive intricately multiple stimuli, which is important for the understanding and development of a future human–machine fusion world. However, the integrated multisensor networks with cumbersome structure, huge power consumption, and complex preparation process have heavily restricted practical applications. Herein, a graphene oxide single‐component multimodal sensor (GO‐MS) is developed, which enables simultaneous monitoring of multiple environmental stimuli by a single unit with unique moist‐electric self‐power supply. This GO‐MS can generate a sustainable moist‐electric potential by spontaneously adsorbing water molecules in air, which has a characteristic response behavior when exposed to different stimuli. As a result, the simultaneous monitoring and decoupling of the changes of temperature, humidity, pressure, and light intensity are achieved by this single GO‐MS with machine‐learning (ML) assistance. Of practical importance, a moist‐electric‐powered human–machine interaction wristband based on GO‐MS is constructed to monitor pulse signals, body temperature, and sweating in a multidimensional manner, as well as gestures and sign language commanding communication. This ML‐empowered moist‐electric GO‐MS provides a new platform for the development of self‐powered single‐component multimodal sensors, showing great potential for applications in the fields of health detection, artificial electronic skin, and the Internet‐of‐Things.
Metal‐Free One‐Pot Synthesis of Tri‐ and Difluoromethylated Bis(carbazolyl)methanes
Authors: Ma Feng , Wu Xian‐Tao , Miao Le‐Wei , Sun Fuxing , Jiang Yi‐Jun , Chen Peng
Published: August 2022

A general, efficient and regioselective protocol has been developed for the synthesis of trifluoromethylated bis(carbazolyl)methanes. This metal‐free transformation proceeds smoothly under air atmosphere and features broad scope for both reaction partners. This method could also be extended to the synthesis of difluoromethylated and chlorodifluoromethylated bis(carbazolyl)methanes.

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Oxy‐Borylenes as Photoreductants: Synthesis and Application in Dehalogenation and Detosylation Reactions
Authors: Lenz Philipp , Oshimizu Ryo , Klabunde Sina , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Tendyck Jonas C. , Mori Tatsuya , Uhl Werner , Hansen Michael Ryan , Eckert Hellmut , Yamaguchi Shigehiro , Studer Armido
Published: August 2022

While the range of accessible borylenes has significantly broadened over the last decade, applications remain limited. Herein, we present tricoordinate oxy‐borylenes as potent photoreductants that can be readily activated by visible light. Facile oxidation of CAAC stabilized oxy‐borylenes (CAAC)(IPr2Me2)BOR (R=TMS, CH2CH2C6H5, CH2CH2(4‐F)C6H4) to their corresponding radical cations is achieved with mildly oxidizing ferrocenium ion. Cyclovoltammetric studies reveal ground‐state redox potentials of up to −1.90 V vs. Fc+/0 for such oxy‐borylenes placing them among the strongest organic super electron donors. Their ability as photoreductants is further supported by theoretical studies and showcased by the application as stoichiometric reagents for the photochemical hydrodehalogenation of aryl chlorides, aryl bromides and unactivated alkyl bromides as well as the detosylation of anilines.
Gold‐Doping Effect on Two‐Photon Absorption and Luminescence of Atomically Precise Silver Ligated Nanoclusters
Authors: Pniakowska Anna , Kumaranchira Ramankutty Krishnadas , Obstarczyk Patryk , Perić Bakulić Martina , Sanader Maršić Željka , Bonačić‐Koutecký Vlasta , Bürgi Thomas , Olesiak‐Bańska Joanna
Published: August 2022

Noble metal nanoclusters allow for the atomically‐precise control of their composition. However, to create nanoclusters with pre‐defined optical properties, comprehensive description of their structure‐property relation is required. Here, we report the gold atom doping impact on one‐photon and two‐photon absorption (TPA) and luminescence properties of ligated silver nanoclusters via combined experimental studies and time‐dependent density functional theory simulations (TD‐DFT). We synthesized a series of Ag25−xAux(DMBT)18 nanoclusters where x=0, 1 and 5–10. For Ag24Au1(DMBT)18 we demonstrate that the presence of the central Au dopant strongly influences linear and non‐linear optical properties, increasing photoluminescence quantum yield and two‐photon brightness, with respect to undoped silver nanoclusters. With improved TPA and luminescence, atomically‐precise AuAg alloys presented in our work can serve as robust luminescent probes e.g. for bioimaging in the second biological window.
In Situ Imaging of Ion Motion in a Single Nanoparticle: Structural Transformations in Selenium Nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Bin Bin , Liu Meng Li , Zou Hong Yan , Liu Yang , Li Yuan Fang , Swihart Mark T , Huang Cheng Zhi
Published: August 2022

Intraparticle ion motions are critical to the structure and properties of nanomaterials, but rarely disclosed. Herein, in situ visualization of ion motions in a single nanoparticle is presented by dark‐field microscopy imaging, which shows HgCl2‐induced structural transformation of amorphous selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) with the main composition of Se8. Owing to the high binding affinity with selenium and coulomb interactions, Hg2+ ions can permeate into the interior of SeNPs, making the amorphous Se8 turn to polycrystalline Hg3Se2Cl2. As a proof of concept, SeNPs then serve as a highly effective scavenger for selective removal of Hg2+ ions from solution. This new finding offers visual proof for the photophysical process involving intraparticle ion motion, demonstrating that tracking the ion motions is a novel strategy to comprehend the formation mechanism with the purpose of developing new nanostructures like nanoalloys and nano metal compounds.
Health Disparities Experienced by Surgical Patients of Color: What is Known and Key Actions to Take
Authors: Spruce Lisa
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

In July of 2020, AORN created a comprehensive Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion plan that includes a patient‐focused committee whose goal is to improve the care, experience, and outcomes of each patient by providing relevant information, education, and resources about diversity, equity, and inclusion to the perioperative team. To gain insight into racial disparities in the surgical setting, the committee conducted a literature search and identified relevant evidence.

As in health care in general, disparities in surgical care and outcomes exist between patients of color and their white counterparts. The reasons are multifactorial and interconnected, with contributing factors related to the patient, health care providers, the health care system, and surgical and postoperative care. Disparities can occur at any point along the perioperative continuum. Research conducted during the past 10 years supports the existence of disparities in the surgical setting and across surgical specialties, but few researchers have recommended strategies that perioperative teams can implement for improvement. The white paper identifies disparities in the surgical setting, actions that facilities and perioperative teams can take to mitigate disparities, and information gaps that should be the focus of future research. Perioperative team members and health care organizations are ethically responsible to lead the development and implementation of changes in health care settings and in public and health policies that address disparities in surgical care and outcomes.
Hydrophobic and lipophilic cellulose nanocrystal aerogel prepared by methyltrichlorosilane via vapor‐phase reaction
Authors: Wang Xingjuan , Xie Zhongyuan , Chen Zhangyun , Jiang Hua
Published: August 2022

Hydrophobic and lipophilic cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) aerogel was prepared by vapor‐phase reaction using methyltrichlorosilane (MTS). The water contact angle of the MTS‐CNC aerogel was up to 148.5°. The residual Cl element in MTS was negatable in the modified CNC aerogel. The MTS‐CNC aerogel only adsorbed the paraffin, but no water was adsorbed. The pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model could well describe the adsorption of the liquid paraffin oil on the CNC aerogel and the maximum adsorption capacity was about 60 g g−1 at 40°C. Multiple steps controlled the whole adsorption of oil on the MTS‐CNC aerogel, but 90% of the maximum adsorption capacity of paraffin was taken up in the first 1 min. The vacuum desorption could effectively remove the adsorbed oil at 80°C, and the good performance of the MTS‐CNC aerogel in adsorption and desorption was retained during 5 cycles. Therefore, the MTS‐CNC aerogel could be a potential candidate for removing oil from the oil‐spilled water system.
Non‐Thermal Plasma Assisted Fabrication of Ultrathin NiCoOx Nanosheets for High‐Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Gicha Birhanu Bayissa , Tufa Lemma Teshome , Goddati Mahendra , Adhikari Samir , Gwak Juyoung , Lee Jaebeom
Published: August 2022

Transition metal based layered double hydroxides (TMLDHs) are potential candidates for supercapacitors; however, their structural staking often limits their energy density, one of the major pending obstacles in the sector. Simple, fast, and safe modification strategies such as exfoliation of jammed layers into single sheets can be a viable option to overcome those challenges. This work reports fabrication of an ultrathin nanosheets from bulk TMLDHs using superficial non‐thermal Ar‐plasma exfoliation strategy. Electrochemical characterizations have confirmed that capacitive performance of pristine NiCoOx nanosheets has improved because of Ar‐plasma induced exfoliation. A remarkable of 5.7 F cm−2 areal capacitance was achieved at a current density of 5 mA cm−2 for ultrathin Ar‐NiCoOx nanosheets. The material also exhibited excellent cyclic stability with over 88 % capacitance retention after 5000 cycles. The electrode material assembled into symmetric supercapacitor device delivering an energy density of 85.9 μWh cm−2 at a power density of 500 μW cm−2 .The higher supercapacitive performance is attributed to increased electrochemical surface area and improved capability of electron and ion transport induced by Ar‐plasma exfoliation, demonstrating an opportunity for further use of TMLDHs in the energy conversion and storage sector.
Joining Forces for Sustainability
Authors: Ferreira Guilherme , Kockmann Norbert , Liese Andreas
Published: August 2022

No abstract.
Lithiothermic Reduced TiO2 for Efficient Adsorption of Li‐ion
Authors: Li Hualun , Chen Tian , Wang Wei , Gao Guandao , Lu Zhenda
Published: August 2022

Considering the growing lithium demand and the potential shortage of lithium resource, developing an effective material to recover lithium from salt‐lake brines or used batteries is highly needed. Here, we report a reduced TiO2 nanomaterial (LiTiO2) with numerous lithium vacancies by lithiothermic reaction, which exhibited high adsorption capacity of 26 mg/g from lithium‐ion solution.
Study of lump soliton structures in quantum electron‐positron‐ion magnetoplasma
Authors: Ghosh Uday Narayan , Nasipuri Snehalata , Chatterjee Prasanta
Published: August 2022

Soliton theory is a very efficient and competent way to describe nonlinear features. Using Hirota bilinear method, we have obtained a lump soliton solution of the Kadomstev‐Petviashvili equation which is the reduced canonical form of the collisionless quantum electron‐positron‐ion magnetoplasma system. Due to its wide range of applications, the study of lump soliton structures is very much attractive and important. The amplitude of lump solitons is varied for different system parameters. During the analysis of the features of the lump solitons, it is found that the quantum diffraction parameter (He), statistical temperature ratio (σ), positrons number density (μp), magnetic intensity parameter (Ω) have a considerable impact on the lump solitons structures. Compressive as well as rarefactive lump soliton has been found during the investigation.
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Photo/Electrochemical Energy‐Based Applications
Authors: Hannan Abdul , Khalil Adnan , Arshad Nimra , Tahir Muhammad Bilal , Wattoo Abdul Ghafar , Shahzad Muhammad Khuram
Published: August 2022

The increasingly depleted fossil fuels have brought unprecedented energy crises and environmental hazards, so the developments of novel renewable clean energy resources have become an urgent need for social development. In recent years, the rise in 2D nanomaterials has brought new hope for energy conversion and storage. These unique 2D nanomaterials have a large specific surface area and a high surface atomic ratio. Among many energy solutions, the photo‐/electrocatalytic process of hydrogen production is widely studied as practical applications of energy conversion. Hydrogen evolution reaction is the conversion of solar energy into hydrogen energy. The design and synthesis of high‐efficiency hydrogen production photo‐/electrocatalysts are particularly important for improving energy conversion performance that has become a hotspot for scientists to study in pursuit of this goal. The stabilization of metal‐phase 1T‐MS2 (M = molybdenum/tungsten), its heterojunction liquid‐phase synthesis, photocatalytic properties, and the supercapacitor properties of the synthesized structure is studied. For use in supercapacitors, transition metal dichalcogenides‐based materials including metallic and semiconducting phases have gained great scientific interest. The large specific area and sheet‐like morphology allow layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) nanomaterials to store charges by intrasheet and intersheet double layers over individual layers of TMD.
Printable Low‐Temperature Carbon for Highly Efficient and Stable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Thangavel Nivethaa Ravi , Koh Teck Ming , Chee Zhong Quan , Tay Darrell Jun Jie , Lee Ming Jun , Mhaisalkar Subodh G. , Ager Joel W. , Mathews Nripan
Published: August 2022

Carbon‐based perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs) have attracted worldwide attention in the research community due to their low‐cost fabrication and improved stability compared with conventional PSCs. However, the cell reproducibility and inconsistency of perovskite infiltration into micrometer‐thick mesoscopic devices remain an issue for cell fabrication. Furthermore, full perovskite crystallization in the screen‐printed device without any perovskite formed on the mesoporous carbon electrode is always challenging. The presence of protruding perovskite crystals on C‐PSCs is found, which initially leads to the hydrolysis of perovskites under humid condition and eventually accelerates the degradation. Herein, a low‐temperature (low‐T) carbon layer is incorporated through a scalable screen‐printing technique on top of C‐PSCs. C‐PSCs coated with low‐T carbon show good moisture (70% relative humidity) and thermal (65 and 85 °C) stability over 3,250 and 1,000 h, respectively, without any physical encapsulation. The device also shows high stability under continuous illumination at its maximum power point for 175 h. This hydrophobic and conductive carbon layer not only protects the exposed perovskite crystals from moisture but also enhances the photovoltaic performance of C‐PSCs with major fill factor and open‐circuit voltage improvement.
Leveraging Synergies by Combining Polytetrafluorethylene with Polyvinylidene Fluoride for Solvent‐Free Graphite Anode Fabrication
Authors: Zhang Yang , Lu Song , Lou Fengliu , Yu Zhixin
Published: August 2022

Solvent‐free graphite anode is fabricated successfully with the synergistic effect of polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). PTFE acts as a processing aid reagent to form a self‐supporting electrode film, while PVDF acts as a functional binder when PTFE decomposes in the first lithiation process. The solvent‐free graphite electrode with high loading of 15 mg cm−2 shows good stability with more than 95% capacity retention after 50 charge/discharge cycles under the current of 0.23 mA cm−2. Electrodes with extra high loading of 27 mg cm−2 (8.2 mAh cm−2) are fabricated and show good stability. Initial coulombic efficiency increases to 89% after prelithiation in the full cell with lithium iron phosphate as cathode. The capacity retention of full cells is more than 80% after 110 cycles under the current of 0.7 mA cm−2 in coin cells. The roll‐to‐roll production makes the procedure compatible with current commercial lithium‐ion batteries production lines, exhibiting great potential for upscaling production.
Facile Sulfuration Route to Enhance the Supercapacitor Performance of 3D Petal‐like NiV‐Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Liu Guiquan , Wang Guorong , Guo Xin , Hao Xuqiang , Wang Kai , Jin Zhiliang
Published: August 2022

The charge conductivity properties and ionic delivery of pseudocapacitive materials are important factors for the charge storage process. Herein, the new petal‐like S‐NiV‐layered double hydroxide (LDH) materials are successfully synthesized by a presynthetic solvothermal reaction and a sulfidation modification procedure. The specific capacitance of the new petal‐like S‐NiV‐LDHs electrode reaches 1403 F g−1 when the current density is 1 A g−1, and this is attributed to Ni3S2 formed on the surface of NiV‐LDHs. When the current density is up to 20 A g−1, the rate performance of the new petal‐like S‐NiV‐LDHs electrode is 65.04%. It can be seen that the comprehensive electrochemical performance of the new petal‐like S‐NiV‐LDHs is better than the petal‐like NiV‐LDHs before modification. When the power density of the S‐NiV‐LDHs//activated carbon asymmetric supercapacitor cell is 2278.48 W kg−1, its energy density is 20 Wh kg−1. The innovation of this work lies in that, based on the microstructure of petal‐like NiV‐LDHs with rich mesoporous structure, the surface of petal‐like NiV‐LDHs is slightly sulfurized, which makes the new petal‐like S‐NiV‐LDHs electrode material have smaller electrochemical impedance, richer oxidation states, richer chemical active sites, better energy storage, and cycle stability.
Combined water quality forecasting system based on multiobjective optimization and improved data decomposition integration strategy
Authors: Dong Yuqi , Wang Jianzhou , Niu Xinsong , Zeng Bo
Published: August 2022

Water quality forecasting has great practical significance for sustainable utilization of water resources and timely pollution prevention and control. However, owing to irregularity and volatility of water quality data, achieving accurate forecasts remains a challenging problem. Existing single forecasting models based on points forecasts fail to capture the uncertainty in water quality data or obtain high forecasting accuracy. To address those disadvantages, an uncertain combined water quality forecasting system based on time‐varying filtering empirical mode decomposition strategy and multiobjective immune selection optimization is proposed. Simulations are carried out with actual water quality data obtained during dry and wet periods. Empirical results show that the improved empirical mode decomposition strategy has better data denoising effect. Based on the multiobjective optimization algorithm, not only the Pareto optimal weights of the combined forecasting modules can be obtained but also the distribution function parameters can be effectively optimized. The proposed system can integrate the respective advantages of deep learning and neural network models to improve the forecasting accuracy, and effectively analyze the uncertainty of water quality, and provide technical support for the sustainable development of regional water environment.
Fault diagnosis method for proton exchange membrane fuel cells based on EIS measurement optimization
Authors: Xiao Fei , Chen Tao , Peng Yulin , Zhang Rufeng
Published: August 2022

Poor durability and reliability are key barriers to the application of proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The timely detection and isolation of faults can improve the performance and durability of PEMFCs. This paper proposes a PEMFC fault diagnostic method based on rapid electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. To shorten the EIS measurement time, the characteristic frequency bands were separated by a fuzzy inference method to remove interference frequency bands and low‐frequency invalid frequency bands. Then, they were optimized for the corresponding characteristic frequency band points. The parameters of the improved equivalent circuit model were identified according to the electrochemical impedance spectrum, and four of the model parameters were selected as characteristic variables for fault diagnosis. Based on this, a multifault diagnosis algorithm with an improved K‐nearest neighbor classifier applied to PEMFC was proposed. The experimental results showed that the proposed fault diagnostic method accurately and quickly distinguished four health states, that is, flooding, membrane drying, air starvation, and normal state.
Association between depression, gender and Alzheimer's neuropathology in older adults without dementia
Authors: Kim Doyoung , Kiss Alex , Bronskill Susan E. , Lanctôt Krista L. , Herrmann Nathan , Gallagher Damien
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Previous studies regarding the relationship between depression and Alzheimer's neuropathology in older adults without dementia have reported conflicting findings. This study examined whether depression is associated with Alzheimer's neuropathology and whether sex moderates these relationships.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional study of older adults without dementia (normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment, age 50+; CDR ≤ 0.5) who had autopsy within 1 year of their last clinic visit in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center database (2005–2020). Logistic regression models were fitted to determine if a recent or remote history of depression was associated with amyloid spread beyond the neocortex measured by modified Thal phase score, density of amyloid plaques measured by CERAD score or tau neuropathology measured by modified Braak score. A moderator analysis was performed to determine if any of these associations were moderated by sex.

Results

This study included 407 participants (96 Thal, 405 Braak, and 406 CERAD). Those who had recently active depression (within previous 2 years) but not remote depression only were more likely to have higher Thal phase score compared to those without a history of depression (OR = 3.74; 95% CI, 1.15–12.17; p = 0.028). Sex did not moderate this association. No significant associations between recent depression and Braak or CERAD scores were observed.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that the association between late life depression and Alzheimer's neuropathology is associated with spread of amyloid pathology beyond the neocortex to include allocortical and subcortical regions critical for regulation of mood and motivated behavior.
Long‐term musical training induces white matter plasticity in emotion and language networks
Authors: Cheng Li‐Kai , Chiu Yu‐Hsien , Lin Ying‐Chia , Li Wei‐Chi , Hong Tzu‐Yi , Yang Ching‐Ju , Shih Chung‐Heng , Yeh Tzu‐Chen , Tseng Wen‐Yih Isaac , Yu Hsin‐Yen , Hsieh Jen‐Chuen , Chen Li‐Fen
Published: August 2022

Numerous studies have reported that long‐term musical training can affect brain functionality and induce structural alterations in the brain. Singing is a form of vocal musical expression with an unparalleled capacity for communicating emotion; however, there has been relatively little research on neuroplasticity at the network level in vocalists (i.e., noninstrumental musicians). Our objective in this study was to elucidate changes in the neural network architecture following long‐term training in the musical arts. We employed a framework based on graph theory to depict the connectivity and efficiency of structural networks in the brain, based on diffusion‐weighted images obtained from 35 vocalists, 27 pianists, and 33 nonmusicians. Our results revealed that musical training (both voice and piano) could enhance connectivity among emotion‐related regions of the brain, such as the amygdala. We also discovered that voice training reshaped the architecture of experience‐dependent networks, such as those involved in vocal motor control, sensory feedback, and language processing. It appears that vocal‐related changes in areas such as the insula, paracentral lobule, supramarginal gyrus, and putamen are associated with functional segregation, multisensory integration, and enhanced network interconnectivity. These results suggest that long‐term musical training can strengthen or prune white matter connectivity networks in an experience‐dependent manner.
Functional brain networks underlying the interaction between central and peripheral processes involved in Chinese handwriting in children and adults
Authors: Li Junjun , Liu Ying , Wang Yi , Wang Nizhuan , Ji Yuzhu , Wei Tongqi , Bi Hong‐Yan , Yang Yang
Published: August 2022

The neural mechanisms that support handwriting, an important mode of human communication, are thought to be controlled by a central process (responsible for spelling) and a peripheral process (responsible for motor output). However, the relationship between central and peripheral processes has been debated. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, this study examined the neural mechanisms underlying this relationship in Chinese handwriting in 36 children (mean age = 10.40 years) and 56 adults (mean age = 22.36 years) by manipulating character frequency (a central variable). Brain network analysis showed that character frequency reconfigured functional brain networks known to underlie motor processes, including the somatomotor and cerebellar network, in both children and adults, indicating that central processing cascades into peripheral processing. Furthermore, the network analysis characterized the interaction profiles between motor networks and linguistic‐cognitive networks, fully mapping the neural architecture that supports the interaction of central and peripheral processes involved in handwriting. Taken together, these results reveal the neural interface underlying the interaction between central and peripheral processes involved in handwriting in a logographic writing system, advancing our understanding of the neural basis of handwriting.
Influence of ejaculatory abstinence period on semen quality of 5165 normozoospermic and oligozoospermic Nigerian men: A retrospective study
Authors: Akhigbe Roland E. , Hamed Moses A. , Dutta Sulagna , Sengupta Pallav
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims

Several studies have shown that the length of ejaculatory abstinence alters sperm quality. However, the available data are conflicting and none seems to exist in a Nigerian population. The present study aims to compare the semen quality in normozoospermic and oligozoospermic semen samples of a homogenous Nigerian population, following varying ejaculatory abstinence days (EAD); less than 2, 2–3, and 3–7 days.

Methods

The present retrospective study included 5165 semen samples collected over 5 years, from April 2015 to April 2020.

Results

In normozoospermic samples, sperm count and total sperm count were significantly higher in prolonged EAD. In oligozoospermic patients, semen volume significantly increased with prolonged EAD, while sperm count, total sperm count, and progressive motility were significantly reduced with prolonged EAD. In addition, EAD and sperm volume positively correlated in oligozoospermic patients.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that EAD affects sperm quality in both normozoospermic and oligozoospermic men with varying impacts. Prolonged EAD increased sperm count and total sperm count in normozoospermic patients, while EAD increased semen volume but reduced sperm count, total sperm count, and progressive motility in oligozoospermic patients.
Motivational climates, work passion, and behavioral consequences
Authors: Zhang Qinyun , Wang Xiao‐Hua (Frank) , Nerstad Christina G. L. , Ren Hantao , Gao Ruoyu
Published: August 2022

Drawing on achievement goal theory and the dualistic model of passion, this study identifies (1) mastery versus performance climate as the contextual antecedent for harmonious versus obsessive passion, respectively, and (2) proactive versus pro‐job unethical behavior as the outcome of harmonious versus obsessive passion, respectively. Results from two studies—a survey study with 259 leader–subordinate dyads and an experimental study with 174 part‐time master's‐level students—largely supported our theoretical model. First, employees develop harmonious passion when they perceive the presence of a mastery climate, but develop obsessive passion when they perceive the presence of a performance climate. Second, harmonious passion mediates the positive effect of mastery climate on employees' proactive work behavior, whereas obsessive passion mediates the positive effect of performance climate on employees' pro‐job unethical behavior. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are also discussed.