bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Czy promieniowanie optyczne pochodzące z urządzeń rzeczywistości wirtualnej i rozszerzonej może stanowić zagrożenie dla zdrowia?
Authors:   Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Wisełka Mariusz , Wolska Agnieszka
Published: October 2021

Virtual reality (VR) and originating augmented reality (AR) devices are increasingly used not only for entertainment purposes, but also as elements supporting training or rehabilitation. Considering the development of this technology in recent years, it can be assumed that in the near future these devices will become part of some workplaces. However, in order to ensure the safety of employees using virtual and augmented reality devices, make sure that they do not pose a threat to human health, and in particular they do not cause eye damage or circadian rhythm disturbances related to optical radiation emitted by displays.
Characterization of Virulence Function of Pseudomonas cichorii Avirulence Protein E1 (AvrE1) during Host Plant Infection
Authors: Huong Duyen Do Tran , Rajalingam Nagendran , Lee Yong Hoon
Published: October 2021

Pseudomonas cichorii secretes effectors that suppress defense mechanisms in host plants. However, the function of these effectors, including avirulence protein E1 (AvrE1), in the pathogenicity of P. cichorii, remains unexplored. In this study, to investigate the function of avrE1 in P. cichorii JBC1 (PcJBC1), we created an avrE1-deficient mutant (JBC1ΔavrE1) using CRISPR/Cas9. The disease severity caused by JBC1ΔavrE1 in tomato plants significantly decreased by reducing water soaking during early infection stage, as evidenced by the electrolyte leakage in infected leaves. The disease symptoms caused by JBC1ΔavrE1 in the cabbage midrib were light-brown spots compared to the dark-colored ones caused by PcJBC1, which indicates the role of AvrE1 in cell lysis. The avrE1-deficient mutant failed to elicit cell death in non-host tobacco plants. Disease severity and cell death caused by JBC1ΔavrE1 in host and non-host plants were restored through heterologous complementation with avrE1 from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PstDC3000). Overall, our results indicate that avrE1 contributes to cell death during early infection, which consequently increases disease development in host plants. The roles of PcJBC1 AvrE1 in host cells remain to be elucidated.
Ettertanker om tilgivelse
Authors: Leer-Salvesen Paul
Published: October 2021

Tilgivelsen er nevnt i Opplæringslovens formålsparagraf som en av de grunnleggende verdiene i kristen og humanistisk tradisjon. Dette er en av grunnene til at temaet er viktig i pedagogikken. I tillegg er tilgivelse et sentralt tema i flere religiøse tradisjoner, ikke minst i den jødiske og kristne, og dermed bør den tas dypt alvorlig i religionspedagogikk, trosopplæring og katekese. Tilgivelsen er viktig, men den er vanskelig. Den kan frigjøre, men den kan også bli forbundet med tvang og press, ikke minst har man sett eksempler på dette i religiøse miljøer. I denne artikkelen vil jeg ta for meg noe av forskningen om tilgivelse, og jeg vil argumentere for at den bør være et sentralt tema både i kirke og skole. Men kanskje på en noe mer nyansert måte enn før?
Role of Arterial Pressure, Wall Stiffness, Pulse Pressure and Waveform in Arterial Wall Stress/Strain and Its Clinical Implications
Authors: K. Day Thomas
Published: October 2021

Biomechanical stress applied to the intima of arteries has long been suspected as a factor in the initiation and localisation of atherosclerotic plaque, and it is implicated in the separation of plaque from the underlying arterial wall giving rise to the acute clinical consequences of thrombosis, dissection and embolism. The factors underlying transmural stress were investigated in-vitro using fresh porcine abdominal aortas on an experimental rig in which pulse pressure, pulse waveform, fluid viscosity, pulse rate, vessel wall compliance and systolic and diastolic blood pressure could be varied at will. Vessel wall compliance was progressively reduced by exposure of the artery to formaldehyde vapour for increased periods of time, a saline-treated artery being used as control. Centripetal transmural stress (CTS) and strain were studied by direct observation of the displacement of a compliant false intima (FI) using real-time B and M mode ultrasound, and by measuring the differential pressure between the space beneath the FI and the adjacent vessel lumen. CTS was found to be directly related to pulse pressure (r = 0.907, p < 0.001) and inversely related to vessel wall compliance. It was independently affected by ranked peak pressure waveform (R = 0.93, p < 0.01) being higher with sharp peak pressure and lower when the waveform was rounded, and it peaked in early diastole in untreated vessels, and both in diastole and peak systole in ones stiffened by formaldehyde vapour. Mean arterial pressure exerted a profound effect via its effect on vessel wall stiffness, which was found to rise 7-fold across the mean arterial pressure range 50-130 mmHg and continued to increase in a logarithmic fashion as the upper physiological range of mean arterial pressure was exceeded. There are two potential clinical implications: in mitigating the postulated biomechanical aspects atherogenesis and atherosclerotic plaque detachment, maintaining large vessel wall compliance is important, and the main factor determining this in a healthy artery is mean arterial pressure; if the arterial wall has already become stiffened as a result of disease, and in the absence of critical stenosis, the findings suggest that the appropriate therapeutic targets are modification of pulse pressure and pulse waveform profile. Simply reducing the diastolic pressure in elderly patients may be unwise if the result is a widened pulse pressure and increased transmural strain. The distribution of atheroma at points of focal mechanical strain in the vessel wall may be explicable if the stress induced by an excessive pulse pressure provokes the inflammatory changes seen in repetitive strain injury. Investigation of inflammatory signalling in the vessel wall provoked by repeated mechanical stress may represent a productive area for future research.
Recent Advances in Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass
Authors: R. Chandraratne Meegalla , G. Daful Asfaw
Published: October 2021

The chapter focuses on recent trends of biomass conversion into valuable energy, chemicals, gaseous and liquid fuels. Biomass is presently the largest source of renewable energy and the primary bioenergy resource in the world. A comprehensive discussion on different types, sources and compositions of biomass is presented. The most abundant biomass on the earth is lignocellulose and it represents a major carbon source for chemical compounds and biofuels. The chapter presents a thorough review of lignocellulosic biomass and the importance of biomass as a renewable source. It then reviews biomass classification and composition. It introduces the analysis of biomass feedstock. Biomass is converted to energy, chemicals and clean fuels using various conversion techniques such as thermochemical, chemical and biochemical. The chapter provides a thorough examination of thermochemical conversion processes that use high temperatures to break down the bonds of organic matter. It briefly introduces combustion and gasification, followed by a comprehensive review of different pyrolysis techniques.
Biosynthesis of Zinc Nanocomplex Employing for Plant Growth Promotion and Bio-Control of Pythium ultimum
Authors: M.N. Moustafa Shaima , H. Taha Rania
Published: October 2021

Green Biosynthesis method was used for the preparation of Zn(II) nano complex from the reaction of the schiff base ligand 2,2′-((1E,1′E)-(1,2-phenylenebis (azanylylidene)) bis(methanylylidene))bis(4-bromophenol) and Zn(II)sulphate. The nano complex was characterized by different physicochemical methods. Zinc nanoparticles (ZnNP-T) will be studied as an antifungal agent. In this study, we will investigate the ability of the myogenic Zinc nanoparticles for plant Growth Promotion and Bio-control of Pythium ultimum.
COVID-19 Vaccine: A Way Out of Crisis
Authors: Sachdeva Aman , Saha Arup
Published: October 2021

COVID-19 pandemic has taken toll on the entire globe at physical, emotional and administrative level; straining each and every aspect to its fullest. As on April 19/2021, COVID-19 has infected more than 140 million people around world with around 3 million deaths worldwide. Covid-19 vaccine has emerged as an important direction to walk the world out of this crisis. This chapter covers the basic aspects and principles of vaccination and Immunology and its application in COVID-19 pandemic. This chapter further covers the different type of vaccines being developed, their dosage schedule and route of administration, common adverse events and myths related to them.
Usefulness of the Hemogram in COVID-19
Authors: Jimeno Sara , Peixoto Alejandro , Velázquez Sara , Sol Ventura Paula , I. García Adasme Salvador , López-Escobar Alejandro
Published: October 2021

SARS-CoV2 infection has devastating consequences on healthcare systems and has caused 3 million deaths by April 2021. Identifying patients at risk of death is a priority. Moderate–severe COVID-19 cases seem to associate a cytokine release that follows endothelial injury, triggering a hyperinflammatory and procoagulant state in which leukocytes and platelets are protagonists. Our group has published some reports about the usefulness of the hemogram in COVID-19. Hemogram-derived ratios, mainly the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the novelty neutrophil-to-platelet ratio (NPR), obtained on admission and their rate of change during hospitalization, can easily detect patients with high risk of mortality. Hemogram is a tool available to all hospitals and analyzing the hemogram-derived ratios would provide much more information than could be extracted by evaluating the counts in isolation. We now know that in COVID-19 it is essential to start early anti-inflammatory treatment when patient deteriorates and the hemogram could be a good indicator of this situation. More comprehensive studies are needed to determine how useful these hemogram-derived ratios and prognostic scores are. In the next chapter we will present information related to this aspect as well as our group’s research on the usefulness of the hemogram in COVID-19.
An Overview onSaccharomyces cerevisiaeIndigenous Strains Selection Methods
Authors: Pulcini Laura , Gamalero Elisa , Costantini Antonella , Tommaso Vaudano Enrico , Tsolakis Christos , Garcia-Moruno Emilia
Published: October 2021

From the fundamental studies of Louis Pasteur in the XIX century to the current genomic analysis, the essential role of microorganisms in winemaking industry is well recognised. In the last decades, selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with excellent fermentative behaviour have been widely commercialised in form of active dry yeasts. Currently, the production of organic and “natural” wines represents a new economically relevant trend in the wine sector. Based on this market demand, the use of industrial yeast starter could be perceived as non-organic practice and then, rejected. However, in order to preserve wines sensory quality, healthiness, and to avoid organoleptic defects given by undesirable microorganisms, the “yeast factor” (S. cerevisiae or non-Saccharomyces) cannot be ignored. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the methods of selection of wine yeasts focusing the attention on indigenous S. cerevisiae strains. In fact, the use of ecotypic yeasts may represent a good compromise between the needs of microbiologically controlled fermentation and a modern vision of wine as natural expression of its “terroir”, also from the microbiological point of view.
Production of Sustainable Concrete by Using Challenging Environmentally Friendly Materials Instead of Cement
Authors: Demissew Gashahun Abebe
Published: October 2021

The construction industry is a major contributor to environmental pollution. Cement is a costly material that is one of the largest industrial sources of greenhouse gases. As such, there is increased focus on developing sustainable and ecofriendly materials that can be used to replace cement. In this chapter, we discuss the construction industry, the harmful consequences of cement sourcing and production, and identify potential replacement materials for cement that have minimal negative effects on the environment.
Artificial Surfaces and Media for Electromagnetic Absorption and Interference Shielding
Authors: Chen Pai-Yen , Farhat Mohamed , Ye Zhilu , Amin Muhammad , Bagci Hakan , Erricolo Danilo
Published: October 2021

The rapid advent of radio-frequency (RF) and microwave technologies and systems have given rise to serious electromagnetic pollution, interference and jamming for high-precision detection devices, and even threats to human health. To mitigate these negative impacts, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials and structures have been widely deployed to isolate sophisticated instruments or human settlements from potential EMI sources growing every day. We discuss recent advances in lightweight, low-profile electromagnetic absorbing media, such as metamaterials, metasurfaces, and nanomaterial-based solutions, which may provide a relatively easy solution for EMI shielding and suppressing unwanted RF and microwave noises. We present a general review of the recent progress on theories, designs, modeling techniques, fabrication, and performance comparison for these emerging EMI and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) media.
Effectiveness of Basic Sets of Goncarov and Related Polynomials
Authors: A. Adepoju Jerome
Published: October 2021

The Chapter presents diverse but related results to the theory of the proper and generalized Goncarov polynomials. Couched in the language of basic sets theory, we present effectiveness properties of these polynomials. The results include those relating to simple sets of polynomials whose zeros lie in the closed unit disk U=z:z≤1. They settle the conjecture of Nassif on the exact value of the Whittaker constant. Results on the proper and generalized Goncarov polynomials which employ the q-analogue of the binomial coefficients and the generalized Goncarov polynomials belonging to the Dq- derivative operator are also given. Effectiveness results of the generalizations of these sets depend on whether q<1 or q>1. The application of these and related sets to the search for the exact value of the Whittaker constant is mentioned.
Lipoxygenase and Colon Cancer
Authors: Abas Abed AlAdlee Muslim , Ghazi Imran Sahar
Published: October 2021

The enzymes involved in the oxidative metabolism of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX), are significant in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. The aim of this study is to estimate the effectiveness and partial purification of LOX and measure gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity in the serum of patients with colon cancer in Baghdad. The study included samples from 80 male patients with colon cancer and 50 samples of apparently healthy males (control) as the comparison group. The result displayed a noteworthy increase in lipoxygenase effectiveness (805.0 ± 517.23 IU/L) in the serum of patients with colon cancer (stage pT3) compared with control (114.6 ± 49.77 IU/L). The enzyme was purified by the precipitation of the serum protein using 40% (NH4)2SO4 and then removing the remaining salts by dialysis. The column of gel (Sephadex G.100) was used to separate the enzyme from another protein, in this step a single peak was obtained. The effective part of lipoxygenase is at yield 71.42% and folds 11.033. The ion exchange chromatography (DEAE–CeA50) was used to isolate LOX isoenzyme, and two bands (LOX1 and LOX2) were acquired with different degree of purity 16.372 and 12.16 folds, respectively. The result displayed a noteworthy increase in the GGT activity in patients (58.69 ± 16.94 IU/L) compared with control (12.79 ± 5.68 IU/L) p ≤ 0.0001. The increase in the activity of LOX can be potentially used as a tumor marker for colorectal cancer.
Alternative Splicing of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Exon 23a Modulates Ras/ERK Signaling and Learning Behaviors in Mice
Authors: Andreas Mader Karl , Lou Hua
Published: October 2021

Neurofibromin is one of the few Ras-GTP activating proteins (Ras-GAPs) expressed in the brain. Disruption of its expression leads to the detrimental disease neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Many studies have revealed the crucial role of NF1 in developing and adult tissues. However, these studies have focused on the expression of the entire NF1 gene and largely ignored the role of an alternative splicing event that controls the Ras-GAP function of neurofibromin. The focus of this chapter is NF1 exon 23a. This exon is located in the GAP-related domain (GRD) of neurofibromin. Its expression level, indicated by the percentage of its inclusion in the NF1 mRNA transcripts, has a profound effect on the Ras-GAP function of neurofibromin. In this chapter, we review the expression pattern of exon 23a and the molecular mechanisms that regulate its expression. We then discuss the role of its expression in Ras/ERK signaling and learning behaviors in mice. Lastly, we propose a few directions for future studies.
The Role of Cryptosporidiosis in Sheep Welfare
Authors: Uxúa Alonso Fresán María , Barbabosa Pliego Alberto
Published: October 2021

Welfare in animal production has been defined as the optimal mental and physiological state of the animals. It has been recently redefined according to animals’ freedoms. As systems, individual sheep and herds are dynamic with constant interaction with each other and the environment. In this interaction, diseases play a fundamental role in welfare. Parasitism is common in sheep, and several management practices have been established to maintain the herds healthy. Cryptosporidium represents a special case, because it is a highly resistant environmental parasite, that can easily infect lambs, producing weakening diarrheas and even death. In this chapter, the role of cryptosporidiosis in sheep welfare and economic loss will be analyzed, as means of providing information on how to minimize and deal with the infection.
Novel Technologies and Their Application for Protected Area Management: A Supporting Approach in Biodiversity Monitoring
Authors: T. Dalton Daniel , Pascher Kathrin , Berger Vanessa , Steinbauer Klaus , Jungmeier Michael
Published: October 2021

State-of-the-art tools are revolutionizing protected area (PA) manager approaches to biodiversity monitoring. Effective strategies are available for test site establishment, data collection, archiving, analysis, and presentation. In PAs, use of new technologies will support a shift from primarily expert-based to automated monitoring procedures, allowing increasingly efficient data collection and facilitating adherence to conservation requirements. Selection and application of appropriate tools increasingly improve options for adaptive management. In this chapter, modern biodiversity monitoring techniques are introduced and discussed in relation to previous standard approaches for their applicability in diverse habitats and for different groups of organisms. A review of some of today’s most exciting technologies is presented, including environmental DNA analysis for species identification; automated optical, olfactory, and auditory devices; remote sensing applications relaying site conditions in real-time; and uses of unmanned aerial systems technology for observation and mapping. An overview is given in the context of applicability of monitoring tools in different ecosystems, providing a theoretical basis from conceptualization to implementation of novel tools in a monitoring program. Practical examples from real-world PAs are provided.
Impact of Working Capital Management on Profitability: A Case Study of Trading Companies
Authors: Syeda Rafathunnisa
Published: October 2021

The success of any business depends on its profitability, liquidity, and solvency. Liquidity plays an important role in the successful running of a business. Many prior studies have been conducted to measure the relationship between working capital and profitability. The results showed that the high investment in inventories and receivables is associated with lower financial performance. They found a negative relationship between Return on Assets and Inventory turnover and Cash conversion cycle the present study is designed to know the direct impact of working capital on profitability by choosing the days of collection, days of payment, days inventory converts to sales and finally the cash conversion cycle. This study examines the association between the profitability and working capital using the data of 15 US trading companies for the period of 2015 to 2019. The key points in this study are firstly there exists a negative relationship between the profitability and the average collection period, the lower the average collection period higher will be the profitability, indicating that a decrease in the number of days a firm receives payment from sales affects the profitability of the firm positively. Secondly there is a highly significant positive relationship between average payment period and profitability. This implies that the longer a firm makes the payment to its creditors, the more profitable it is. Thirdly the cash conversion cycle decreases it will lead to an increase in profitability of the firm, and managers can create a positive value for the shareholders which indicates that it has been maintained. The regression analysis showed the value for the R-squared in the model is 0.584, i.e., 58.4% of the variation in the dependent variable Net Profitability is explained by the independent variables.
Social Inclusion and Exclusion: How Evolution Changes Our Relational and Social Brain
Authors: Fante Chiara , Palermo Sara , Auriemma Vincenzo , Rosalba Morese
Published: October 2021

Belonging to social groups is an important need for human beings and social exclusion has a significant psychological impact on individual wellbeing. Social neuroscience has clarified the similarity of the neuronal substrate between physical pain and social pain during the experience of social exclusion. Pain is the oldest signal that something is wrong for our brain, and the anticipation of pain motivates a move away from perceived dangerous or noxious stimuli. The Evolutionary Theory of Motivation (ETM) considered group affiliation as an adaptive goal that supports the individual\'s adaptation to the environment; however, invalidating experiences may induce avoidance of its pursuit. In this perspective, social exclusion could thus be considered as the result of failures at one or more levels of the human motivational systems. This chapter attempts to understand the neuroscience findings on social exclusion in this theoretical framework.
Method of Parallel Information Object Search in Unified Information Spaces
Authors:   Institute of Problems of Information Registration of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Deputy Director for Scientific Research, 03113, Kiev, Ukraine, Dodonov Alexander , Mukhin Vadym , Zavgorodnii Valerii , Kornaga Yaroslav , Zavgorodnya Anna , Mukhin Oleg
Published: October 2021

The article describes the concept of a unified information space and an algorithm of its formation using a special information and computer system. The process of incoming object search in a unified information space is considered, which makes it possible to uniquely identify it by corresponding features. One of the main tasks of a unified information space is that each information object in it is uniquely identified. For this, the identification method was used, which is based on a step-by-step analysis of object characteristics. The method of parallel information object search in unified information spaces is proposed, when information object search will be conducted independently in all unified information spaces in parallel. Experimental studies of the method of parallel information object search in unified information spaces were conducted, on the basis of which the analysis of efficiency and incoming objects search time in unified information spaces was carried out. There was experimentally approved that the more parameters that describe the information object, the less the time of object identification depends on the length of the interval. Also, there was experimentally approved that the efficiency of the searching of the incoming objects in unified information spaces tends to a directly proportional relationship with a decrease in the length of the interval and an increase in the number of parameters, and vice versa.
Detection of Suspicious Timestamps in NTFS using Volume Shadow Copies
Authors:   Engineering Science Laboratory, National School for Applied Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco, Mohamed ALJI , Khalid CHOUGDALI
Published: October 2021

When a computer gets involved in a crime, it is the mission of the digital forensic experts to extract the left binary artifacts on that device. Among those artifacts, there may be some volume shadow copy files left on the Windows operating system. Those files are snapshots of the volume recorded by the system in case of a needed restore to a specific past date. Before this study, we did not know if the valuable forensic information hold within those snapshot files can be exploited to locate suspicious timestamps in an NTFS formatted partition. This study provides the reader with an inter-snapshot time analysis for detecting file system timestamp manipulation. In other words, we will leverage the presence of the time information within multiples volume shadow copies to detect any suspicious tampering of the file system timestamps. A detection algorithm of the suspicious timestamps is contributed. Its main role is to assist the digital investigator to spot the manipulation if it has occurred. In addition, a virtual environment has been set up to validate the use of the proposed algorithm for the detection.
An Optimization of Feature Selection for Classification using Modified Bat Algorithm
Authors:   Computer Science and Engineering Department, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry, India, Yasaswini V. , Baskaran Santhi
Published: October 2021

Data mining is the action of searching the large existing database in order to get new and best information. It plays a major and vital role now-a-days in all sorts of fields like Medical, Engineering, Banking, Education and Fraud detection. In this paper Feature selection which is a part of Data mining is performed to do classification. The role of feature selection is in the context of deep learning and how it is related to feature engineering. Feature selection is a preprocessing technique which selects the appropriate features from the data set to get the accurate result and outcome for the classification. Nature-inspired Optimization algorithms like Ant colony, Firefly, Cuckoo Search and Harmony Search showed better performance by giving the best accuracy rate with less number of features selected and also fine f-Measure value is noted. These algorithms are used to perform classification that accurately predicts the target class for each case in the data set. We propose a technique to get the optimized feature selection to perform classification using Meta Heuristic algorithms. We applied new and recent advanced optimized algorithm named Modified Bat algorithm on University of California Irvine datasets that showed comparatively equal results with best performed existing firefly but with less number of features selected. The work is implemented using JAVA and the Medical dataset has been used. These datasets were chosen due to nominal class features. The number of attributes, instances and classes varies from chosen dataset to represent different combinations. Classification is done using J48 classifier in WEKA tool. We demonstrate the comparative results of the presently used algorithms with the existing algorithms thoroughly. The significance of this research is it will show a great impact in selecting the best features out of all the existing features which gives best accuracy rates which helps in extracting the information from raw data in Data Mining Domain. The Value of this research is it will manage main fields like medical and banking which gives exact and proper results in their respective field. The best quality of the research is to optimize the selection of features to achieve maximum predictive accuracy of the data sets which solves both single variable and multi-variable functions through the generation of binary structuring of features in the dataset and to increase the performance of classification by using nature inspired and Meta Heuristic algorithms.
Impact of Multiphase Computed Tomography Angiography for Endovascular Treatment Decision-Making on Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Ospel Johanna M. , Volny Ondrej , Qiu Wu , Najm Mohamed , Hafeez Moiz , Abdalrahman Sarah , Fainardi Enrico , Rubiera Marta , Khaw Alexander , Shankar Jai J. , Hill Michael D. , Almekhlafi Mohammed A. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Goyal Mayank , Menon Bijoy K.
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose Various imaging paradigms are used for endovascular treatment (EVT) decision-making and outcome estimation in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We aim to compare how these imaging paradigms perform for EVT patient selection and outcome estimation. Methods Prospective multi-center cohort study of patients with AIS symptoms with multi-phase computed tomography angiography (mCTA) and computed tomography perfusion (CTP) baseline imaging. mCTA-based EVT-eligibility was defined as presence of large vessel occlusion (LVO) and moderate-to-good collaterals on mCTA. CTP-based eligibility was defined as presence of LVO, ischemic core (defined on relative cerebral blood flow, absolute cerebral blood flow, and cerebral blood volume maps) <70 mL, mismatch-ratio >1.8, absolute mismatch >15 mL. EVT-eligibility and adjusted rates of good outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0–2) based on these imaging paradigms were compared.Results Of 289/464 patients with LVO, 263 (91%) were EVT-eligible by mCTA-criteria versus 63 (22%), 19 (7%) and 103 (36%) by rCBF, aCBF, and CBV-CTP-criteria. CTP and mCTA-criteria were discordant in 40% to 53%. Estimated outcomes were best in patients who met both mCTA and CTP eligibility-criteria and were treated with EVT (62% to 87% good outcome). Patients eligible for EVT by mCTA-criteria and not by CTP-criteria receiving EVT achieved good outcome rates of 53% to 57%. Few patients met CTP-criteria and not mCTA-criteria for EVT.Conclusions Simpler imaging selection criteria that rely on little else than detection of the occluded blood vessel may be more sensitive and less specific, thus resulting in more patients being offered EVT and arguably benefiting from it.
Effectiveness of Thrombectomy in Stroke According to Baseline Prognostic Factors: Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Analysis of a Population-Based Registry
Authors: Rudilosso Salvatore , Ríos José , Rodríguez Alejandro , Gomis Meritxell , Vera Víctor , Gómez-Choco Manuel , Renú Arturo , Matos Núria , Llull Laura , Purroy Francisco , Amaro Sergio , Terceño Mikel , Obach Víctor , Serena Joaquim , Martí-Fàbregas Joan , Cardona Pedro , Molina Carlos , Rodríguez-Campello Ana , Cánovas David , Krupinski Jerzy , Ustrell Xavier , Torres Ferran , Román Luis San , Salvat-Plana Mercè , Jiménez-Fàbrega Francesc  Xavier , Palomeras Ernest , Catena Esther , Colom Carla , Cocho Dolores , Baiges Juanjo , Aragones Josep Maria , Diaz Gloria , Costa Xavier , Almendros María Cruz , Rybyeba Maria , Barceló Miquel , Carrión Dolors , Lòpez Matilde Núria , Sanjurjo Eduard , de la Ossa Natalia Pérez , Urra Xabier , Chamorro Ángel ,   for the Catalan Stroke Code and Reperfusion (Cat-SCR) Consortium
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose In real-world practice, the benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is uncertain in stroke patients with very favorable or poor prognostic profiles at baseline. We studied the effectiveness of MT versus medical treatment stratifying by different baseline prognostic factors. Methods Retrospective analysis of 2,588 patients with an ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion nested in the population-based registry of stroke code activations in Catalonia from January 2017 to June 2019. The effect of MT on good functional outcome (modified Rankin Score ≤2) and survival at 3 months was studied using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis in three pre-defined baseline prognostic groups: poor (if pre-stroke disability, age >85 years, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] >25, time from onset >6 hours, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score <6, proximal vertebrobasilar occlusion, supratherapeutic international normalized ratio >3), good (if NIHSS <6 or distal occlusion, in the absence of poor prognostic factors), or reference (not meeting other groups’ criteria). Results Patients receiving MT (n=1,996, 77%) were younger, had less pre-stroke disability, and received systemic thrombolysis less frequently. These differences were balanced after the IPTW stratified by prognosis. MT was associated with good functional outcome in the reference (odds ratio [OR], 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0 to 4.4), and especially in the poor baseline prognostic stratum (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.6 to 5.9), but not in the good prognostic stratum. MT was associated with survival only in the poor prognostic stratum (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.0 to 3.3).Conclusions Despite their worse overall outcomes, the impact of thrombectomy over medical management was more substantial in patients with poorer baseline prognostic factors than patients with good prognostic factors.
Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment: Pathophysiological Insights into Brain Disconnectome from Advanced Neuroimaging Analysis Techniques
Authors: Lim Jae-Sung , Lee Jae-Joong , Woo Choong-Wan
Published: October 2021

The neurological symptoms of stroke have traditionally provided the foundation for functional mapping of the brain. However, there are many unresolved aspects in our understanding of cerebral activity, especially regarding high-level cognitive functions. This review provides a comprehensive look at the pathophysiology of post-stroke cognitive impairment in light of recent findings from advanced imaging techniques. Combining network neuroscience and clinical neurology, our research focuses on how changes in brain networks correlate with post-stroke cognitive prognosis. More specifically, we first discuss the general consequences of stroke lesions due to damage of canonical resting-state large-scale networks or changes in the composition of the entire brain. We also review emerging methods, such as lesion-network mapping and gradient analysis, used to study the aforementioned events caused by stroke lesions. Lastly, we examine other patient vulnerabilities, such as superimposed amyloid pathology and blood-brain barrier leakage, which potentially lead to different outcomes for the brain network compositions even in the presence of similar stroke lesions. This knowledge will allow a better understanding of the pathophysiology of post-stroke cognitive impairment and provide a theoretical basis for the development of new treatments, such as neuromodulation.
How to meet employees' expectations in terms of job satisfaction and stabilisation in the agribusiness industry
Authors: Jankelová Nadežda , Joniaková Zuzana , Remeňová Katarína , Némethová Ildikó
Published: October 2021

Motivation is one of the most important management tools to ensure employees' job satisfaction and stabilisation. Effective motivation programmes can only be developed through an in-depth understanding of employee motivation profiles. The aim of this paper is to analyse the motivation factors of employees in terms of their job satisfaction and stabilisation in the agribusiness industry. The methodological framework of the survey is Herzberg's two-factor motivation theory. Independent variables were tested using test statistic methods with the most significant deviations. An independent t-test was used for each motivation factor. The biggest negative deviations were found in the factors of income, responsibility and working conditions, employee benefits, content of work, its recognition and the possibility of advancement. A statistically significant difference was found at the age and education of respondents. Younger employees and university-educated employees showed a marked difference between their expectations and satisfaction by employers.
Organizational restructuring as a way to resolve the crisis caused by COVID 19, in agricultural sector
Authors: Cico Snežana , Rajnović Ljiljana , Bošnjak Ivan
Published: October 2021

The crisis, as a negative deviation that is serious and can jeopardize the company's business usually doesn't occur suddenly, but gradually in individual areas, accumulating its effects. The crisis caused by the pandemic came suddenly and immediately caused a disruption of economic activities, without the possibility to predict and prevent it. It hit the agricultural sector with great intensity. The analysis of the business entities in agricultural sector in Serbia has shown that these entities suffered great damage and that it is necessary to take restructuring measures as soon as possible, primarily organizational ones. The results of the research showed that the crisis caused by COVID 19, mainly affected the entire long chain of participants in agriculture. Government measures, which included providing financial support and subsidies, are certainly welcome but not sufficient. The authors concluded that it is therefore necessary for companies to implement restructuring measures in order to ensure a speedy recovery.
Economic potential of agro-food production in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Ćurčić Mihailo , Todorović Vladimir , Dakić Pavle , Ristić Kristijan , Bogavac Milanka , Špiler Marko , Rosić Milovan
Published: October 2021

This research conducted a structural and analysis of the foreign trade position of the Republic of Serbia, with special emphasis on agricultural and food products, in order to provide detailed information regarding current trends, measuring the level of comparative advantage and international position in the world and European markets. The obtained results indicate the elements that have a limiting effect on the development of this type of production. Using the RCA Index methodology and the Lafay's Index, the link between the food industry and the character of industrial exchange was established, which is measured by the Grubel Lloyd's Index. The structure of exports was analyzed from the aspect of factor intensity, so the existence of negative values of a comparative advantage and intensive goods was confirmed. Finally, we believe that the results obtained have contributed to the unraveling of available instruments, the eventual efficient use of which would help rural development, and thus the overall economic development of the Republic of Serbia.
Forecasting the main structural changes in agriculture of the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Stanojević Jelena , Radivojević Vladimir , Stanišić Tanja
Published: October 2021

Structural changes in agriculture, rural areas and regions, as well as in economic activities related to the production and trade of agricultural products, most often occur as a response to periodic changes in general economic and social conditions. In order to formulate effective policies and strategies, policy makers need adequate information about the main structural changes in agriculture. Therefore, based on the information framework of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, the article primarily focuses on changes of agricultural output in Serbia, respectively changes in crop and animal production, and agricultural services. The research aims to analyze changes in the structure of agricultural output in the period from 2007 to 2019 in order to identify its future trend by applying the forecast function. The research results show that the agricultural production of goods and services will keep the positive trend with a dominant share of crop production.
Basic characteristics of tontine insurance
Authors: Čolović Vladimir
Published: October 2021

Tontine insurance is tied to life insurance. This type of insurance is also a type of mutual insurance. However, we must look at tontines separately, having in mind its origin and goal. Tontine insurance originated in the 17th century and was developed in England and the United States, until the beginning of the 20th century, when it became banned. Tontine insurance at an early stage contained elements of group annuity insurance, group life insurance and lottery. Today, tontine insurance is a type of fund within which policyholders, i.e., members, agree to jointly capitalize, i.e., finance their contributions to the fund and to divide the capitalized assets between those policyholders who reach a certain age and the heirs of the deceased insured. The Act on Insurance of the Republic of Serbia also regulates tontine insurance. The author pays attention to the provisions of EU law in this area.
Memorandum of Understanding on the sale of counterfeit goods on the internet: Evaluation of application ten years after signing
Authors: Ćeranić-Perišić Jelena
Published: October 2021

The sale of counterfeit goods on the internet is a global problem affecting all national economies. As internet users have access to websites created in other countries, the limits of national regulations have been breached. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate the fight against the sale of counterfeit good on the internet on international level. Existing binding sources of international law do not regulate this issue. However, non-binding international legal instruments offer solutions. In 2011, under the auspice of the Commission, Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on the sale of counterfeit goods on the internet was concluded. Memorandum serves as a basis for dialogue and cooperation between stakeholders, with the aim of curtailing the offering of counterfeit goods on online marketplaces. The paper analyses reasons for the adoption of MoU and its content. Special attention is paid to notice and takedown. The paper also examines results of MoU and its perspectives.
Telework: Legal regime before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Džamić Ilija
Published: October 2021

With the onset of the industrial revolution in Europe performing work tasks by employees at the employer's premises became commonplace, both because of the needs of the process and organization of work and control of employees by the employer. Work from home, as a way of doing work outside the employer's premises, was almost abandoned. There was a slight increase in the number of workers teleworking at the end of the 20th century due to development of screen equipment, but a kind of revival of telework was experienced with the outbreak of the COVID-19. In such circumstances, telework is a way to preserve the source of income for workers. The paper analyses and critically discusses domestic and international standards of importance for the institute of telework, and the author presents proposals de lege ferenda to improve the mentioned area.
Importance of Family History of Colorectal Carcinoma In Situ Versus Invasive Colorectal Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Tian Yu , Kharazmi Elham , Brenner Hermann , Xu Xing , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Fallah Mahdi
Published: October 2021

Background:The aim of this study was to explore the risk of invasive colorectal cancer (CRC) in relatives of patients with colorectal carcinoma in situ (CCIS), which is lacking in the literature.Patients and Methods:We collected data from Swedish family-cancer datasets and calculated standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and cumulative risk of CRC in family histories of CCIS in first- and second-degree relatives. Family history was defined as a dynamic (time-dependent) variable allowing for changes during the follow-up period from 1958 to 2015. Of 12,829,251 individuals with available genealogical data, 173,796 were diagnosed with CRC and 40,558 with CCIS.Results:The lifetime (0–79 years) cumulative risk of CRC in first-degree relatives of patients with CCIS was 6.5%, which represents a 1.6-fold (95% CI, 1.5–1.7; n=752) increased risk. A similarly increased lifetime cumulative risk (6.7%) was found among first-degree relatives of patients with CRC (SIR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.6–1.7; n=6,965). An increased risk of CRC was also found in half-siblings of patients with CCIS (SIR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1–3.0; n=18) and also in half-siblings of patients with CRC (SIR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3–2.1; n=78). Moreover, the increased risk of CRC was higher for younger age at diagnosis of CCIS in the affected first-degree relative and for younger age at diagnosis of CRC in the index person.Conclusions:Results of this study show that first-degree relatives and half-siblings of patients with CCIS have an increased risk of CRC, which is comparable in magnitude to the risk of those with a family history of invasive CRC. These findings extend available evidence on familial risk of CRC and may help to refine guidelines and recommendations for CRC screening.
Byggeklodser og blockbusters
Authors: Toft-Nielsen Claus , Toft Nørgård Rikke
Published: October 2021

Over the past seven decades millions of fingers have constructed their own worlds with LEGO bricks and controlled LEGO figures through digital, franchise-designed LEGO game worlds. This article explores the types of user interactions with these LEGO worlds as a specific form of ludic ‘seriality-in-use’ as the media invites its users to construct, interact with, and remix different storyworlds through LEGO. We explore this specific form of seriality – what we term ‘seriality-in-use’ – as serial forms that emerge from actual play instigations and manifestations and are expressed as practices of transmission, transformation, and transgression within and between specific media.
Vikingens udødelige sang
Authors: Jørgensen Lea Grosen
Published: October 2021

Lea Grosen Jørgensen: “The Viking’s Undying Song – A Comparison of Old Norse Poems and Heroic Portrayals in Vikings (2013-) and Oehlenschläger’s Regnar Lodbrok (1849)”

This article discusses the portrayal of the legendary Viking Regnar Lodbrok in Michael Hirst’s TV series Vikings and Adam Oehlenchläger’s Romantic poem Regnar Lodbrok. Focusing on the incorporation of the Old Norse death song “Krákumál” in both the series and the poem, the article shows that the reinterpretations of the death song determine the versions of the Viking hero. Reinventing the hero after the fashion of their own age, as either a modern self-made hero or as a tender warrior-skald , Hirst and Oehlenschläger contribute to the perception of the Viking Age in the twenty-first and the nineteenth century, respectively.
For konge og fædreland
Authors: Møller Lis
Published: October 2021

Lis Møller: “For King and Fatherland – King Valdemar the Victorious in works by B.S. Ingemann and Agnes Slott-Møller”

This article offers a comparative reading of two fictionalized renditions in two different media of the Danish king Valdemar the Victorious (1170-1241): B.S. Ingemann’s historical novel Valdemar Seier (1826) and Agnes Slott-Møller’s cycle of historical paintings Valdemar Sejr (1927-1934). Focusing on Ingemann’s and Slott-Møller’s medievalism and their views on the nature and function of historical fiction and historical painting, respectively, the article argues that the two representations of King Valdemar are in fact compatible. What sets them apart is the historical context.
De forsvindende øers fremtidsfortællinger
Authors: Jespersen Mikkel Birk
Published: October 2021

Anmeldelse af Frits Andersen: Sydhavsøen – Nydelsens geografi. Aarhus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag 2018, 453 sider rigt ill., 399 kr.