bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase Character and Dielectric Properties of Amphoteric Holmium‐Doped Ba0.90Ca0.10(Ti0.95Zr0.05)2O5 Polycrystalline Ceramics
Authors: Tian Yongshang , Song Wangyue , Li Shuiyun , Dong Junli , Ji Xiang , Gong Yansheng , Wang Jinshuang , Jing Qiangshan
Published: December 2022

Amphoteric rare‐earth ion dopants can improve ferroelectric ceramic electrical performance because of their amphoteric ion radius and valences. Herein, Ho3+‐doped Ba0.90Ca0.10(Ti0.95Zr0.05)2O5 ceramics are sintered at 1230 °C with as‐synthesized nanoparticles. The effects of various holmium contents (x) on the phase, structure, dielectric, and piezoelectric characteristics are investigated. For low x (<1.5 mol%), Ho3+ occupies the Ba2+ or/and Ca2+ sites, leading to high dielectric properties due to decreased oxygen vacancies, while the electrical properties weaken with further increase in x. The ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity also deteriorate when x > 1.5 mol% because of the re‐emerged oxygen vacancies and interrupted long‐range ordering with large compositional fluctuations. The defect chemistry mechanism at different x contents is deduced in accordance with the phase and electrical properties. The activation energy initially elevates to 1.56 eV and then decreases to 1.35 eV with increasing x. Results indicate that the ceramics are promising candidates for lead‐free ferroelectric ceramics.
Dynamic Compression Mechanical Properties of TiZrHfX0.3 High‐Entropy Alloys
Authors: Chen Chuang , Tu Yiliang , Tang Enling
Published: December 2022

High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) are gradually replacing armor‐piercing core materials such as depleted uranium and tungsten alloys in high strain rate, high temperature, and high pressure service environments due to their excellent mechanical properties (high strength, high strain rate strengthening effect, and strong shear self‐sharpening characteristics). The dynamic compression performance of TiZrHf‐based HEAs with different elements, different strain rates, and multiple loadings is tested by the self‐constructed separate Hopkinson compression bar experimental system. The results show that the TiZrHfCu0.3 alloy has the largest elastic modulus and the strongest deformation resistance. TiZrHfAl0.3 and TiZrHfCu0.3 show a certain strain rate effect. The elastic modulus increases with the increase of loading times. The ultimate strength of TiZrHfAl0.3 remains unchanged after multiple loading, while the ultimate strength of TiZrHfCu0.3 and TiZrHfNi0.3 decreases gradually.
Characterization of Lateral and Longitudinal Mode Competition in Blue InGaN Broad‐Ridge Laser Diodes
Authors: Uhlig Lukas , Kunzmann Dominic J. , Schwarz Ulrich T.
Published: December 2022

In blue GaN‐based laser diodes with a 40 μm broad‐ridge waveguide, lateral modes of different order are selectively observed by high‐resolution spectroscopy combined with lateral near‐field scanning. Longitudinal mode clusters contribute to different lateral modes, close above the threshold current. Longitudinal mode competition is observed in each longitudinal mode cluster as intensity modulation and wavelength shift, repeating itself with a frequency of around 60–80 MHz. Despite the spectral separation of the different clusters and different lateral mode order, the mode competition processes share the same frequency and show a stable phase relation, especially at low currents. This indicates coupling of separate mode clusters via the charge carrier density. Due to the lateral modes occurring at separate wavelengths, lateral–longitudinal mode competition is found, which not only causes spectral effects but also time‐dependent periodic variations in the lateral near field.
Exact tolerance interval with specified tail probabilities and a control chart for the sample variance
Authors: Alqurashi Mosab , Chakraborti Subhabrata , Holcombe Chase
Published: December 2022

A β‐content tolerance interval (TI) is a statistical interval which contains at least some fraction (proportion) β of the population with a given confidence level. When we are interested in the precision of a quality characteristic, a TI for the sample variance is useful. In this paper, we consider an exact two‐sided β‐content TI for the sample variance from a normal distribution with a specified ratio of the tail probabilities. The proposed tolerance interval allows the practitioner more control over how the probabilities in the tails are distributed, which may be useful in certain applications. A comparison with an existing two‐sided β‐content TI shows that the proposed TI is better on the basis of expected coverage and standard deviation of the coverage. In addition, the proposed TI is shown to require fewer subgroups to achieve a specific accuracy level. Moreover, a phase II control chart with guaranteed performance is obtained from the proposed TI. Finally, a real and a simulated data are used for illustration.
PdSe2 Quantum Dots for Improving the Photovoltaic Performance of Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Yali , Wei Ziqiao , Zhao Chaoyue , Zhang Guoping , Zhang Guangye , Zhou Shu , Zhang Zhizhen , Yu Yaoguang , Zhang Qian , Li Xiangguo , Shuai Jing , Long Hui , Liu Shenghua
Published: December 2022

Palladium diselenide as a thus‐far rarely studied group‐10 transition metal dichalcogenide, has exhibited great potential in the field of optoelectronics due to their superior conductivity, high carrier mobility, and excellent stability. However, few works are reported on the application of low‐dimensional PdSe2 in organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, PdSe2 quantum dots (QDs) are introduced into the high‐efficient nonfullerene OSCs for the first time by incorporating the solution‐processable QDs in the hole transport layer (HTL) of the OSCs, leading to a dramatic efficiency enhancement of the devices. Upon PdSe2 QD addition, the maximum efficiency of the devices based on different active layer blends, including D18:Y6 and PM6:L8‐BO, is improved to 18.12%, and 18.29%, with efficiency enhancement of 8.96% and 6.90%, respectively, compared with that of the reference devices. The effects of PdSe2 QDs on the optical absorption, photoluminescence spectrum of the hybrid HTL as well as the carrier mobility, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and transient photocurrent/transient photovoltage of the devices are deeply investigated, revealing the efficiency enhancement of the OSCs with PdSe2 QDs addition results from the improved conductivity, light scattering, and hole transport properties of the hybrid HTL embedded with PdSe2 QDs.
On the hydrodynamic interaction of two coaxial spheres oscillating in a viscous fluid with a slip regime
Authors: El‐Sapa Shreen , Alhejaili Weaam
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of slip length on the movement of two oscillating rigid spheres swimming through Stokes flow. Moreover, the two rigid spheres oscillate about the axis of symmetry through the line connecting their poles. The global solution of the Stokes equations is composed of the superposition of the fundamental solutions in the two spherical coordinate systems established at the origin of each sphere and obtained by a collocation technique. Besides, the force coefficients in‐phase (IP) and out‐of‐phase (OOP) upon each sphere are calculated and presented for one sphere for distinct parameters of the radii ratio, separation distance, velocity ratio, and slip length graphically and tabularly. Streamline patterns are shown for different parameters. Furthermore, we found from our analysis that the impress of slip‐length and frequency is more effective on both the IP and OOP where at the low frequency they retarded with the increase of slip‐length and raised at the high frequency. Eventually, the precision of the numerical procedure has been examined versus distinguished solutions for two spheres with no‐slip surfaces.
Klimawandel und Kindergesundheit – Ein Aufruf zum Handeln
Authors: Lorenz Stephanie , Krey Ilona , Harms Frederike , Freiseis Anja , Schmid Florian , Pokora Roman , Stamos Kristina , Kohlfürst Daniela , Albertowski Anne Sophie
Published: December 2022

Der Klimawandel ist eine stille Krise und die größte Bedrohung unserer Zeit. Hitze, Extremwetterereignisse und Luftverschmutzung haben besondere Auswirkungen auf Frühgeburtlichkeit, akute und chronische Atemwegserkrankungen, Allergien und Asthma. Auch die Zunahme infektiöser Erkrankungen sowie eine erhöhte Exposition durch Karzinogene sowie deren Folgen werden beobachtet. Neben der Gefahr des Klimawandels für die somatische, hat die Krise auch Einfluss auf die mentale Gesundheit von Heranwachsenden und aggraviert das soziale Ungleichgewicht, wovon Kinder und Jugendliche in besonderer Weise betroffen sind.

Um die von Wissenschaftler:innen prognostizierten Szenarien abzuwenden, braucht es zum einen ein rasches und umfängliches Agieren der Politik, aber auch ein Neudenken unseres Selbstverständnisses als für Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit Verantwortliche sowie eine grundlegende Neuordnung von Prioritäten. Als Akteur:innen im Gesundheitswesen stehen wir besonders in der Verantwortung, uns für eine gesunde Erde einzusetzen. Dies kann und muss schon heute auf verschiedenen Ebenen, als Ärzt:innen, Wissenschaftler:innen, auf Ebenen der Patient:innenversorgung und der Fachgesellschaften erfolgen, um allen Kindern und Jugendlichen eine lebenswerte Zukunft zu ermöglichen.
Chatter-free milling strategy of a slender Blisk blade via stock distribution optimization and continuous spindle speed change
Authors: Petráček Petr , Falta Jiří , Stejskal Michal , Šimůnek Aleš , Kupka Petr , Sulitka Matěj
Published: December 2022

The machining process of Blisk blades poses multiple challenges due to high requirements on surface quality and precision combined with high dynamic compliance of the thin-walled blades. Avoidance of chatter is thus of high priority in Blisk blade machining. However, the geometry of the Blisk blade array where the tool must fit between individual blades significantly limits the possibilities of controlling stability through the relative orientation of the tool and workpiece. Thus, the main parameters that can be used to control the stability of the process are the distribution of stock allowance and the spindle speed. Due to the effect of material removal on the blade’s dynamic properties, spindle speed needs to be adjusted throughout the machining process to keep it within the continuously changing stability gaps. This paper describes in detail an optimization procedure for the design of stock allowance distribution in such a way that a continuous spindle speed modulation is possible that avoids chatter throughout the machining process by maintaining spindle speeds within stability gaps. The presented algorithm uses finite element analysis software to simulate the effects of stock allowance distribution and material removal on workpiece dynamical properties. This information is then coupled with a stability model based on the Jacobian of the cutting force with respect to the regenerative deflection to identify the varying stability gaps throughout the machining process. The proposed method was experimentally verified.
Insight into breast cancer detection: new hybrid feature selection method
Authors: Shaban Warda M.
Published: December 2022

Breast cancer, which is also the leading cause of death among women, is one of the most common forms of the disease that affects females all over the world. The discovery of breast cancer at an early stage is extremely important because it allows selecting appropriate treatment protocol and thus, stops the development of cancer cells. In this paper, a new patients detection strategy has been presented to identify patients with the disease earlier. The proposed strategy composes of two parts which are data preprocessing phase and patient detection phase (PDP). The purpose of this study is to introduce a feature selection methodology for determining the most efficient and significant features for identifying breast cancer patients. This method is known as new hybrid feature selection method (NHFSM). NHFSM is made up of two modules which are quick selection module that uses information gain, and feature selection module that uses hybrid bat algorithm and particle swarm optimization. Consequently, NHFSM is a hybrid method that combines the advantages of bat algorithm and particle swarm optimization based on filter method to eliminate many drawbacks such as being stuck in a local optimal solution and having unbalanced exploitation. The preprocessed data are then used during PDP in order to enable a quick and accurate detection of patients. Based on experimental results, the proposed NHFSM improves the efficiency of patients’ classification in comparison with state-of-the-art feature selection approaches by roughly 0.97, 0.76, 0.75, and 0.716 in terms of accuracy, precision, sensitivity/recall, and F-measure. In contrast, it has the lowest error rate value of 0.03.
High-achieving ninth grade students’ self-reported strategy use and its relation to strategic reading behavior
Authors: Neuenhaus Nora , Grobe Felix Benjamin , Schoor Cornelia , Artelt Cordula
Published: December 2022

Strategies in reading are viewed as essential tools needed to increase comprehension and learning from text. Especially in large-scale assessments, reliable and economic measures of reading strategies are needed which are valid to assess the strategy-performance relation. Questionnaire-based self-report measures are very popular but often fail to establish a positive relation between strategy use and performance. Nevertheless, these measures are objective and content valid as well as efficient in use. One explanation for this fact may be that, depending on students’ individual approaches to reading, various strategies may lead to better performance. Then, self-report questionnaires of strategy use (SRQs) would assess differences in strategic approaches of students which are not (necessarily) linked to performance. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether students’ differences in self-reported strategy use correspond to different strategic approaches in reading. The present study compares strategic reading behavior of a homogeneous sample of 22 high-achieving ninth grade students with superior performance in reading who were chosen for their high reading-related strategy knowledge and their difference in self-reported strategy use, assessed via questionnaire. Eleven students reported frequent strategy use (FSU) and 11 students reported seldom strategy use (SSU). For both groups, strategic reading behavior was assessed in an unobtrusive way using a computer-based multiple-choice reading test. Even though both groups showed little to none differences in reading performance, results indicate that FSU and SSU students differ in processing of text during initial reading and while re-reading text passages. In addition, they differed in how they proceed with reading tasks.
Multiobjective centralized DEA approach to Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games
Authors: Lozano Sebastián , Villa Gabriel
Published: December 2022

There exist two types of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approaches to the Olympic Games: conventional and fixed-sum outputs (FSO). The approach proposed in this paper belongs to the latter category as it takes into account the total number de medals of each type awarded. Imposing these constraints requires a centralized DEA perspective that projects all the countries simultaneously. In this paper, a multiobjective FSO approach is proposed, and the Weighted Tchebychef solution method is employed. This approach aims to set all output targets as close as possible to their ideal values. In order to choose between the alternative optima, a secondary goal has been considered that minimizes the sum of absolute changes in the number of medals, which also renders the computed targets to be as close to the observed values as possible. These targets represent the output levels that could be expected if all countries performed at their best level. For certain countries, the targets are higher than the actual number of medals won while, for other countries, these targets may be lower. The proposed approach has been applied to the results of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games and compared with both FSO and non-FSO DEA methods.
MIP-based solution approaches for multi-site resource-constrained project scheduling
Authors: Bigler Tamara , Gnägi Mario , Trautmann Norbert
Published: December 2022

The execution of a project is often distributed among multiple sites. The planning of such a project includes selecting a specific site for the execution of each of the project’s activities and allocating the available resource units to the execution of these activities over time. While some resource units are available at a certain site only, others can be moved across sites. Given the spatial distance between sites, transportation times arise if a resource unit must be transported from one site to another or if the output of an activity must be transported to another site. This planning problem has been introduced in recent literature as the multi-site resource-constrained project scheduling problem. We present a continuous-time model and devise a matheuristic for this planning problem. The continuous-time model uses, among others, binary variables to impose a sequence between activities assigned to the same resource units. In the matheuristic, the binary restrictions on these variables are initially relaxed and iteratively restored for the subset of activities scheduled in the current iteration. We compare the performance of the continuous-time model and the matheuristic to the performance of a discrete-time model and several metaheuristics from the literature using two sets of test instances from the literature. Both the continuous-time model and the matheuristic derive on average superior solutions in shorter average running times than the reference approaches.
Supporting Caregivers Remotely During a Pandemic: Comparison of WHO Caregiver Skills Training Delivered Online Versus in Person in Public Health Settings in Italy
Authors: Ferrante Camilla , Sorgato Paola , Fioravanti Mariachiara , Pacione Laura , Arduino Giuseppe Maurizio , Ghersi Sabrina , Scattoni Maria Luisa ,   CST Italy Team, Chiesa Camilla , Elia Donatella , Gonella Elisabetta , Rizzo Sara , Salandin Arianna ,   WHO CST Team, Brown Felicity L. , Shire Stephanie , Servili Chiara , Salomone Erica
Published: December 2022

Feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness data of a virtual adaptation of the WHO Caregiver Skills Training (CST; n = 25) were compared with those of a pilot RCT of CST delivered in person (n = 43) against treatment as usual (TAU; n = 43). Virtual CST was delivered with high levels of integrity, but received lower ratings in some caregiver- and facilitator-rated acceptability and feasibility dimensions. Qualitative analysis identified both benefits (flexibility, convenience, clinical usefulness) and challenges, (technological issues, distraction from family members, emotional distance). Virtual and in-person CST improved significantly more on caregiver competence than TAU; there were no other significant effects. Potential for use of virtual CST as a clinical response in contexts where in-person delivery is not possible is discussed.
Are Perceived Executive Functions Beneficial for Adolescents Who Experience Peer Victimization?
Authors: Morea Aida , Calvete Esther
Published: December 2022

Peer victimization can lead to dysfunctional cognitions and numerous internalizing psychological problems. Thus, it is essential to identify factors that can moderate the impact of victimization. This study aimed to analyze the potential moderating role of perceived executive functions (PEF) in the impact of peer victimization (traditional and online) on internalizing symptoms (depression and social anxiety), early maladaptive schemas (disconnection/rejection domain), and PEF in adolescents. A two-wave longitudinal study was carried out with 680 Spanish adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age (M = 14.58, SD = 1.36; 41.18% girls). Participants completed measures of self-reported executive functions, traditional and online victimization, early maladaptive schemas of the disconnection/rejection domain, depressive symptoms, and social anxiety symptoms in waves 1 and 2. Traditional and online perpetration was completed only in wave 1. The results indicated that when PEF were high (i.e., adolescents perceive that they have good executive functions), traditional and online victimization predicted more schemas of the disconnection/rejection domain and internalizing symptoms of depression and social anxiety. In non-victims, high PEF showed a protective role in the development of depressive symptoms and schemas of the disconnection/rejection domain. The findings highlight that PEF have a protective role that disappears when victimization (traditional and online) occurs.
Medical Assistance in Dying: A Review of Related Canadian News Media Texts
Authors: Brassolotto Julia , Manduca-Barone Alessandro , Zurbrigg Paige
Published: December 2022

Medical assistance in dying (MAiD) was legalized in Canada in 2016. Canadians’ opinions on the service are nuanced, particularly as the legislation changes over time. In this paper, we outline findings from our review of representations of MAiD in Canadian news media texts since its legalization. These stories reflect the concerns, priorities, and experiences of key stakeholders and function pedagogically, shaping public opinion about MAiD. We discuss this review of Canadian news media on MAiD, provide examples of four key themes we identified (vulnerability, autonomy, dignity, and human rights), and discuss their implications for health policy and equity. Though key stakeholders share the values of autonomy, dignity, and human rights, they appeal to them in diverse ways, sometimes with conflicting policy demands. These representations offer a useful gauge of how views about MAiD continue to shift alongside changes in federal legislation. These stories can influence related policies, respond to the powerful voices that shape MAiD legislation, and have the potential to change national conversations. Our analysis adds to the existing body of scholarship on MAiD by examining post-Bill C-7 news media, identifying related health equity issues and tensions, and discussing potential impacts of MAiD’s representations in news media.
An (Un)Holy Trinity: Differences in Climate Change-Induced Distress Between Believers and Non-believers in God Disappear After Controlling for Left–Right Political Orientation
Authors: Nezlek John B. , Cypryańska Marzena
Published: December 2022

We examined differences in reactions to climate change as a function of belief in God. We studied four samples, convenience samples of university students in the USA (n = 627) and in Poland (n = 628), a nationally representative sample of adults in Poland (n = 1154), and a nationally representative sample of adults in the USA (n = 1098). In each study we measured the distress people felt about climate change, belief in God, and left–right political orientation. These constructs were measured slightly differently across the studies. Regardless of how these constructs were measured, believers were less distressed by climate change than non-believers, and with only a few exceptions, these differences disappeared after covarying political orientation (left–right or liberal-conservative). Contrary to those who argue that there is something inherent in religious belief that predisposes people to deny or ignore climate change, the present results suggest that it is the (growing) confluence of faith and conservative political orientation that is responsible for the fact that some people of faith tend to deny climate change or actively oppose efforts to combat it.
Are Religious Practices Indirectly Related to Stress at Work Through the Tendency to Forgive? A Sample of Polish Employees
Authors: Wnuk Marcin
Published: December 2022

Religiosity has been a neglected factor in studies regarding the workplace in comparison to spirituality. Some available studies have indicated positive outcomes of religious commitment and intrinsically religious-oriented employees. There is however a lack of research explaining how religious commitment is related to occupational well-being. This study aimed to examine the mechanism of the relationship between religious practices and stress at work and the role of forgiveness as a moral virtue underlying this link. The participants in the study were 754 employees from Poland. The research used a cross-sectional design. The mechanism controlled for gender, denomination, age, education, and the level of position held, and the indirect relationship between prayer and mass attendance and stress at work through forgiveness was confirmed. Religious practices were positively related to a lack of revenge and avoidance motivation, which, in turn, was negatively correlated with stress at work. The role of religious commitment in occupational well-being was discussed, considering socio-cultural conditioning, and the theoretical and practical implications were presented.
Influence of deformed cavity field and atomic dipole interaction on the quantum correlations of two-qubit system
Authors: Ali S. I.
Published: December 2022

The possibility of generating of some quantum correlations of the entangled or separable initial two-qubit system interacting with a deformed cavity mode in the presence of dipole-dipole interaction is discussed. These quantum correlations are the coherence, non-separability and steering degrees which are quantifiers by using $$ l_1 $$

l
1

norm of coherence, Entanglement of Formation and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen -steering. It is shown that maximizing or minimizing the quantum correlations depends on the initial setting states of the two-qubit system. To maximize the quantum correlations on the presence of deformation, one has to prepare the initial two-qubit system in an entangled state, setting large values of the coupling dipole and decreasing the effect of the deformation parameter.
Identification and validation of a novel cuproptosis-related lncRNA gene signature to predict prognosis and immune response in bladder cancer
Authors: Chen Jia , Guan Yu , Li Chun , Du Hexi , Liang Chaozhao
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the urogenital system, characterized by the high recurrence rate, mortality rate and poor prognosis. Based on cuproptosis-related long noncoding RNAs (CRLs), this study set out to create a prediction signature to evaluate the prognosis of patients with BCa.

Methods

RNA-seq data including CRLs and related clinicopathological data were gathered from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (n = 428). The predictive signature was constructed after correlation analysis. Subsequently, relying on the analyzed data from the TCGA database and our sample collection, we examined and verified the connections between CRLs model and important indexes included prognosis, route and functional enrichment, tumor immune evasion, tumor mutation, and treatment sensitivity.

Results

Patients in the high-risk group had lower overall survival (OS) than that of low-risk group. Compared with clinicopathological variables, CRLs features have better predictive value according to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The expression level of CRLs was highly associated with the tumor progress, tumor microenvironment and tumor immune escape. Additionally, we identified that the mutation of TP53, TTN, KMT2D and MUC16 gene were founded in patients with BCa. Lapatinib, pazopanib, saracatinib, gemcitabine, paclitaxel and palenolactone had good antitumor effects for BCa patients in the high-risk group (all P < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study revealed the effects of CRLs on BCa and further established CRLs model, which can be used in clinic for predicting prognosis, immunological response and treatment sensitivity inpatient with BCa.
Polemische Prologe
Authors: Özelt Clemens
Published: December 2022

In Prologen wird seit der Antike auf Stoffbearbeitungen oder Übersetzungen hingewiesen und es wird polemisiert. Im 18. Jahrhundert entsteht eine neue Form, in der beide Traditionslinien zusammenfinden: die Übersetzungspolemik im Prolog. Sie fungiert, so eine These des Aufsatzes, als Medium der nationalen Identitätsbildung. Diese Entwicklung kann die über England vermittelte Voltaire-Rezeption im deutschsprachigen Raum besonders deutlich vor Augen führen. Die nationalen Antagonismen, auf die man in Prologen englischer Voltaire-Übersetzungen (Hill, Miller) stößt, greifen prominente Autoren wie Gotthold Ephraim Lessing in der Hamburgischen Dramaturgie und Friedrich Schiller in dem Prolog An Göthe als er den Mahomet von Voltaire auf die Bühne brachte auf, um einem deutschen Nationaltheater den Weg zu weisen.
Zum Psychologie-Verständnis von Richard Thurnwald
Authors: Wolfradt Uwe
Published: December 2022

Richard Thurnwald (1869–1954) hat sein Interesse für die Psychologie über ethnopsychologische Untersuchungen an indigenen Gruppen in Neuguinea vor dem 1. Weltkrieg gefunden. Im Zentrum des Beitrags stehen das Verständnis Thurnwalds von Psychologie und deren Bedeutung für seine spätere Ethnosoziologie. Kulturen sind hierbei lebendige Organismen, die sich aus Individuen und ihren Beziehungen zusammensetzen. Kulturen unterliegen einem psychologischen Transformationsprozess, wenn Menschen in eine neue soziale Umwelt kommen und sich anpassen müssen. Durch einen Selektions- und Siebungsprozess werden Menschen- und Kulturtypen herausgebildet, die gestaltend Einfluss auf die Gruppen nehmen. Thurnwald betont stets die Bedeutung psychischer Grundlagen für das soziale Leben. Insbesondere die psychologische Geistesauffassung indigener Völker steht im Zentrum seiner Forschung.
Development and test of a cost-efficient gridded ion thruster propulsion system for small satellites – IonJet
Authors: Scholze Frank , Pietag Fred , Adirim Harry , Kreil Matthias , Kron Michael , Woyciechowski Ronny , Bundesmann Carsten , Spemann Daniel
Published: December 2022

IonJet is an engineering model of a low-cost electric propulsion system for small satellites. Whereas the flow control subsystem is based on the MICROJET 2000 system launched 2016 on the BIROS satellite, the thruster subsystem is based on a novel gridded ion thruster where the neutralizer is integrated in the ion thruster allowing for simultaneous ion and electron extraction. This design allows reducing the number of components and consequently costs and system complexity. The whole system was successfully tested under vacuum conditions regarding ignition and stable operation of the propulsion system. In the performance tests, thrusts of 1 mN could be achieved using Xe gas as propellant at a total power consumption of less than 50 W as well as specific impulses larger than 1000 s, including the gas consumption of the neutralizer. In addition, first tests with Kr gas were performed showing that for the same total power the achievable thrust is reduced to 55% – 68% of that for Xe.
Letters in Plautus
Authors: Barbiero Emilia A.
Published: December 2022

The letters in Plautus are potent tools for making and thinking about Plautine comedy inside Plautine comedy. Emilia Barbiero demonstrates that Plautus' embedded letters reify the internal performance and evince its theatricality by means of the epistolary medium's script-like ability to precipitate presence in absence. These missives thus serve as emblems of the dramatic script, and in their onstage composition and recitation they cast a portrait of the plays' textual origins into the plays themselves. But by virtue of their inscription with a premise which is identical to that of the comedies they inhabit, the Plautine letters also reproduce the relationship between the playwright's Greek models and his Latin translations: the mirror effect created by a dramatic text inscribed, read and realized within a dramatic text whose plot it also duplicates generates a mise-en-abyme which ultimately serves to contemplate problems of novelty and literary ownership that beset Plautus' literary endeavor.
Providence and Narrative in the Theology of John Chrysostom
Authors: Edwards Robert
Published: December 2022

This book is the first major study of providence in the thought of John Chrysostom, a popular preacher in Syrian Antioch and later archbishop of Constantinople (ca. 350 to 407 CE). While Chrysostom is often considered a moralist and exegete, this study explores how his theology of providence profoundly affected his larger ethical and exegetical thought.  Robert Edwards argues that Chrysostom considers biblical narratives as vehicles of a doctrine of providence in which God is above all loving towards humankind. Narratives of God's providence thus function as sources of consolation for Chrysostom's suffering audiences, and may even lead them now, amid suffering, to the resurrection life-the life of the angels. In the course of surveying Chrysostom's theology of providence and his use of scriptural narratives for consolation, Edwards also positions Chrysostom's theology and exegesis, which often defy categorization, within the preacher's immediate Antiochene and Nicene contexts.
Class, Whiteness, and Southern Literature
Authors: Hubbs Jolene
Published: December 2022

Class, Whiteness, and Southern Literature explores the role that representations of poor white people play in shaping both middle-class American identity and major American literary movements and genres across the long twentieth century. Jolene Hubbs reveals that, more often than not, poor white characters imagined by middle-class writers embody what better-off people are anxious to distance themselves from in a given moment. Poor white southerners are cast as social climbers during the status-conscious Gilded Age, country rubes in the modern era, racist obstacles to progress during the civil rights struggle, and junk food devotees in the health-conscious 1990s. Hubbs illuminates how Charles Chesnutt, William Faulkner, Flannery O'Connor, Dorothy Allison, and Barbara Robinette Moss swam against these tides, pioneering formal innovations with an eye to representing poor white characters in new ways.
Rival Byzantiums
Authors: Mishkova Diana
Published: December 2022

This is a comprehensive comparative view of the way the phenomenon of Byzantium has been treated by the historiographies of the polities that have emerged from its remains – Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Serbia and Turkey – from the Enlightenment to the present day. Synthesising a sprawling mass of material largely unknown to academic audiences, it highlights the important place Byzantium's representations occupy in the identity building and historical consciousness in that part of Europe. The diverse interpretations of the Byzantine phenomenon across and within these historiographic traditions are scrutinised against the backdrop of shifting geopolitical and cultural contexts, in constant dialogue and competition with each other and in communication with extra-regional, western and Russian, academic currents. The book will be of value to medieval historians, Byzantinists and historians of historiography as well as students of and specialists in modern politics, cultural and intellectual history.
Association between job role and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among healthcare personnel, Iowa, 2021
Authors: Kobayashi Takaaki , Trannel Alexandra , Heinemann John , Marra Alexandre R. , Etienne William , Abosi Oluchi J. , Holley Stephanie , Dains Angelique , Jenn Kyle E. , Meacham Holly , Schuessler Barbara A. , Wendt Linder , Ten Eyck Patrick , Hanna Beth , Salinas Jorge L. , Hartley Patrick G. , Ford Bradley , Wellington Melanie , Brust Karen B. , Diekema Daniel J.
Published: December 2022

We describe the association between job roles and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among healthcare personnel. A wide range of hazard ratios were observed across job roles. Medical assistants had higher hazard ratios than nurses, while attending physicians, food service workers, laboratory technicians, pharmacists, residents and fellows, and temporary workers had lower hazard ratios.
Writing in Englishes: Taking Control of the Technology of Power through Literary Aesthetics: A Keynote Speech to the African Studies Association Conference, 2021
Authors: Forna Aminatta
Published: December 2022

As language increasingly becomes uncoupled from the nation state, transnational writers, transnational African writers, and African writers are using language to serve their own purposes and creating new literary aesthetics. This essay, first given as a keynote speech to the 2021 African Studies Association Annual Conference, examines some debates about the relationship between language and power and argues that these are being upended by writers who do not fit conventional categories, including transnational African writers. These writers are exploring the range of options presented by their own multilingualism and making unapologetic aesthetic claims upon the English language.
Citizen science and land use data provide insight into the invasive riparian plant composition of the Hudson River Valley watershed
Authors: Garretson Alexis , Mohney Samantha , Cahill Morgan , Griffin Laurel , Silarszka Rachel ,   Stream Watch Citizen Scientists Mohonk Preserve, Feldsine Natalie , Napoli Megan N. , Long Elizabeth C.
Published: December 2022

Invasive plants in the riparian zone can negatively affect the characteristics and quality of a watershed. To support the development of a watershed management plan and foster public appreciation of the value of the riparian zone, Mohonk Preserve established a volunteer monitoring program surveying sites for invasive species. Between 2017 and 2019, citizen scientists repeatedly surveyed 20 sites in the Hudson River Valley in New York for 10 invasive plant species: purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.), common reed [Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud], multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora Thunb.), garlic mustard [Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande], dame’s rocket (Hesperis matronalis L.), Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc.), wineberry (Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim.), barberry (Berberis spp.), Japanese stiltgrass [Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus], and Asiatic bittersweet (oriental bittersweet, Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.). We found that the number of target species detected was higher on sites closer to paved roads and with increasing drainage area size, while lower with higher percentages of forested land in the basin. Our analysis results highlight variation in the presence of target invasive species across the Hudson River Valley region, highlighting sites and areas to monitor for future introductions and take action to prevent species’ invasions. Our results highlight differences in the most relevant abiotic factors for hydrophytes and non-hydrophyte species, underscoring the importance of considering species’ life-history traits before the development of management plans for invasive plant species in the riparian zone. Our case study of community-collected data in the Hudson River Valley region using a relatively simple monitoring protocol can provide a road map for other regions fostering volunteer engagement with invasive plants.
Exponential ergodicity for a class of Markov processes with interactions
Authors: Bao Jianhai , Wang Jian
Published: December 2022

We establish exponential ergodicity for a class of Markov processes with interactions, including two-factor type processes and Gruschin type processes. The proof is elementary and direct via the Markov coupling technique.
Dominant role of deglaciation in Late Pleistocene–Early Holocene sediment aggradation in the Upper Chenab valley, NW Himalaya
Authors: Dey Saptarshi , Chauhan Naveen , Mahala Milan Kumar , Chakravarti Pritha , Vashistha Anushka , Jain Vikrant , Ray Jyotiranjan S.
Published: December 2022

Sediment transfer from the interiors of the Himalaya is complex because the archives are influenced by both glacial and monsoonal cycles. To deconvolve the coupling of glacial and monsoonal effects on sediment transfer processes, we investigate the Late Pleistocene–Holocene sediment archive in the Upper Chenab valley. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages from the archive indicate major aggradation during ca. 20–10 ka. Isotopic fingerprinting using Sr-Nd isotopes in silt fractions together with clast counts in boulder-pebble fractions indicate a decreasing Higher Himalayan sediment flux in the archive with time. Decreasing clast size, increasing clast roundness, increasing matrix to clast ratio, and dominance of the Higher Himalayan sourcing unequivocally suggest strong glacial influence during the initial stages of the archive formation. This evidence also agrees with the existing retreat ages of glaciers in the Upper Chenab valley. Results of our study also show that the upper parts of the archive contain significant fluvial sediment contribution from the Lesser Himalaya, which suggests an active role of the stronger Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) in the region during the Early Holocene. The apparent decrease in sediment supply from the Higher Himalayan sources could have been due to longer source-to-sink transport in the Early Holocene and/or increased hillslope flux from Lesser Himalayan sources.
Realism and Responsible Parties
Authors: CHAPMAN EMILEE BOOTH
Published: December 2022

Realism can mean many things in political theory. This article focuses on “common-sense realism,” an approach to decision making under uncertainty characterized by its posture toward risk. Common-sense realist arguments have become popular in recent democratic theory. One prominent example is found in debates over the responsible party institutional model (RPIM). RPIM’s main features are two-party competition for full control of government and party organizations that empower officeholders, not activists. Proponents of RPIM defend it in realist terms. They claim that efforts to pursue more ambitious democratic ideals jeopardize goods that RPIM can readily secure. In this article I articulate a realist approach to institutional evaluation that assesses proposals on three dimensions: robustness, feasibility, and stability. Using this approach, I demonstrate that the realist argument for RPIM is weaker than it initially appears. The debate over RPIM is not a debate between realism and idealism but between competing democratic ideals.
Clause type vs. speech act: Knowledge confirmation questions in Basque
Authors: ITUARTE AITOR LIZARDI
Published: December 2022

This article analyzes Knowledge Confirmation Questions (KCQ) in Basque, an instance of non-canonical questions that has not been analyzed yet. KCQs display three characteristic elements, namely, (i) a declarative-type syntax, (ii) an interrogative-like intonation, and (iii) the discourse particle ba; and are interpreted as follows: “Do you know that p?”. Here, I propose that the meaning contribution of KCQs derives from the interaction of these three elements. More precisely, I argue that their question-like intonation, which adds interrogative interpretation, takes scope over ba, which regulates the addressee’s Doxastic State and undergoes context shift. Basque KCQs constitute an interesting case study, because they raise some interesting questions on the syntactization of discourse and the properties of discourse particles, as they seem to contradict the assumption that discourse particles do not fall under the scope of sentential operators.
Social memory and the impact of commemorative remedies ordered by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights
Authors: Hirsch Moshe , Said Barguil Milad A.
Published: December 2022

Social memory studies start from the premise that people acquire their memories not only through individual means, but through social processes as well. Social groups often provide materials for memory, and prod individuals into recalling particular events. One of the distinctive differences between the practice of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) concerns memory-related remedies. While the IACtHR quite frequently orders respondent states to commemorate grave violations of human rights (including the construction of monuments), the ECtHR has refrained from granting such commemorative remedies. Some organizations representing victims have called upon additional tribunals to embrace the IACtHR’s remedial approach to address grave breaches of international law. Drawing on social memory scholarship, this study is aimed at empirically assessing the impact of four sites of memory in Colombia established by order of the IACtHR. The study’s findings suggest that international tribunals alone cannot shape collective memories that are inconsistent with sociocultural features characterizing the local society. On the other hand, judicially-ordered sites of memory are meaningful for the victims’ families and small-scale social units. These findings turn our attention to micro-level sociological perspectives, and particularly to the symbolic-interactionist approach to international law, highlighting the vital symbolic role of international tribunals for individuals and small social units. The valuable role of such memorial sites for the victims’ relatives and related communities suggests that international tribunals addressing grave human rights violations should consider granting commemorative remedies.
A social-development model of the evolution of depressive symptoms from age 13 to 30
Authors: Allen Joseph P. , Pettit Corey , Costello Meghan A. , Hunt Gabrielle L. , Stern Jessica A.
Published: December 2022

This 17-year prospective study applied a social-development lens to the challenge of identifying long-term predictors of adult depressive symptoms. A diverse community sample of 171 individuals was repeatedly assessed from age 13 to age 30 using self-, parent-, and peer-report methods. As hypothesized, competence in establishing close friendships beginning in adolescence had a substantial long-term predictive relation to adult depressive symptoms at ages 27–30, even after accounting for prior depressive, anxiety, and externalizing symptoms. Intervening relationship difficulties at ages 23–26 were identified as part of pathways to depressive symptoms in the late twenties. Somewhat distinct paths by gender were also identified, but in all cases were consistent with an overall role of relationship difficulties in predicting long-term depressive symptoms. Implications both for early identification of risk as well as for potential preventive interventions are discussed.