bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ectopic Pregnancy and its Effect on Future Fertility
Authors: Karki Chanda , Karki Anjana
Published: April 2010

A hospital based study on ectopic pregnancy was carried out at B and B Hospital, Gwarkhu, Kathmandu over a period of 8 years. During this period 88 patients came for the treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Their background information was recorded and almost all of them were managed surgically. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy is found to be 1.8% of all women admitted in the hospital with pregnancy related conditions. Sixty-six (77%) of them were of less than 30 years age. They presented with wide spectrum of symptoms and signs ranging from amenorrhea, abdominal pain and abnormal vaginal bleeding. Almost all (97.76%) of them had tubal pregnancy with 92% presenting in an acute stage with ruptured gestational sac. Two of these women lost their life due to this pathology. Out of the remaining 86 women, 71(82.55%) expressed the desire to try for another pregnancy in future. Few (5.84%) of them were true defaulters and could not be followed up. A follow-up study was done therefore on remaining 66(76.74%) patients who desired to be pregnant again after this ectopic pregnancy. The main objective of the study was to assess the future fertility of these 66 patients. Eighteen percent of them remained infertile and 82% (54) of them became pregnant. Twelve (18%) of them had repeat ectopic pregnancy, whereas 42 (63.63%) of them had intrauterine pregnancy. Out of 42 intrauterine pregnancies, only 39(59.09%) were able to continue the pregnancy till term and three pregnancies (4.54%) ended-up with spontaneous miscarriage.
Non-descended Vaginal Hysterectomy—Is a Reasonable Alternative to LAVH?
Authors: Khanam Nurun Nahar , Chakma Bidisha , Chowdhury Saleha Begum , Nahar Khairun , Rahman Nusrat , Homaira Rhea
Published: April 2010

This randomized case control clinical trial has been designed to assess whether non-descended vaginal hysterectomy (NDVH) can be performed as an alternative to laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH).

The study was conducted in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Hospital, Dhaka over a period of one year. Patients admitted for hysterectomy were the study population. DUB, fibroid uterus < 12 weeks size and adenomyosis were inclusion criteria. A total of 30 patients were consecutively selected and then randomly assigned by lottery method for LAVH and NDVH. The test statistics used to analyze the data were descriptive statistics, Fisher's Exact Probability test and Mann Whitney Test.

The mean age, socioeconomic condition, duration of marriage, parity, size of the uterus and indications of operation was similar in both groups. The patients of LAVH group have had significantly higher mean operation time (p < 0.001). One patient of LAVH group has got bladder injury and the operation had to be switched over to abdominal hysterectomy. The LAVH group exhibited significantly less hemoglobin level on 3rd postoperative day (p < 0.001). However, the total amount of analgesics needed was much higher in the NDVH group (p < 0.005) and the total cost of operation was significantly higher in the LAVH group (p < 0.001). No difference was observed in terms of day of discharge and day of disappearance of pain.

Laparoscopically assisted technique in the filed of gynecology of the developing country is newer one. Training on the laparoscopic technique and concomitant reduction of anesthesia and surgeon charges is very much necessary to make the technique popular. Considering the operating time and expenditure the non-descended method might be a very good alternative to laparoscopic one especially in the developing country.
Programmed Labor—Indegenous Protocol to Optimize Labor Outcome
Authors: Malhotra Narendra , Patki Ameet , Thanawala Uday , Bhide Amarnath , Daftary Shirish N , Desai Shyam V , Levi Jesse
Published: April 2010

Objective

To Asses and develop an indigenous protocol to optimize labour outcome, as Programmed Labor.

Design

Open, prospective (Between January 2000 to December 2007), randomized, parallel group, monocentric, comparative matching trial.

Settings

Labor rooms at Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity, Mumbai.

Selection criteria

200 patients in each group, aged between 21-30, as low-risk parturient.

Intervention

Partography, Oxytocin, Primiprost, Pentazocin, Dizepam, Tramadol, Drotin, Ketamine.

Outcome parameters

Satisfactory obstetric outcome, progressive labor of shorter duration, less blood loss and pain relief.

Results

Study group had mean shorter duration of active labor as 3.5 hrs compared to controls of 5.2 hrs. Excellant pain relief was of 24 and 62% of substantial relief in comparison to 32% only in other group with no patient falling in excellent group. Second stage of labor was reduced by half (26 to 48 meters) and lesser third stage blood loss.

Conclusions

Programmed labor with indigenous protocol developed and practiced, results in progressive, shorter, and comfortable labors with lesser blood loss.
Stress, Coping Strategies, Quality of Life and Lived Experiences of Women with Pregnancyinduced Hypertension
Authors: Puri Randhir , Raddi Sudha A , Nayak Baby S , Ratna Prakash , Metgud MC
Published: April 2010

Objectives

To explore and assess the levels of stress and its manifestation and different stressors in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension and to identifying the coping strategies used by women with PIH in response to stress.

Methods

The research approach for the first phase of study was corelational and the subjects were selected by convenience sampling technique and for the second phase qualitative using phenomenology to study the lived experiences. The study comprised of 65 women with PIH, in the Phase I and 6 women with PIH in the Phase II, who were admitted in antenatal wards of KLES Hospital and Medical Research Centre and District Hospital Belgaum. The data on coping strategies was collected using a standardized tool, the Jalowiec coping scale and data on quality of life of women with PIH was collected using another standardized tool — the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale (WHOQOL-BREF). The qualitative data was collected using a semistructured interview schedule and the audiotaping of the verbatum of lived experiences.

Results

In the Phase I it was found that majority (64.61%) of women had moderate stress levels. The finding indicated that there was no correlation between levels of stress and use and effectiveness of coping strategies. (r1 (65) = 0.1226, P > 0.05, r2 (65) = 0.1805, P > 0.01). The association between levels of stress and quality of life of women with PIH showed that quality of life was independent of levels of stress. The chi-square value (l2effect =12.137) between age and effectiveness of coping strategies was significant which showed that effectiveness of coping strategies were dependent on the age of the women with PIH. In the Phase II based on the analysis of data four themes emerged from the women's perspective of the phenomenon under study.

Theme 1

Impact of bed rest.

Theme 2

Unaware of PIH and its effect on self and unborn child.

Theme 3

Fear of outcome of pregnancy.

Theme 4

Psychological impact of symptoms of PIH.

Conclusion

All these four dimensions depict the importance of holistic and comprehensive care.
Diabetes in Pregnancy
Authors: Deshpande Neeta
Published: April 2010

Gestational diabetes mellitus is carbohydrate intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Pregnancy could also occur in a woman with pre-existing diabetes. Congenital anomalies, macrosomia, birth injuries, obstetric and neonatal complications are associated with diabetes in pregnancy. The long-term implications in both mother and offspring include the development of obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Screening would identify patients and many guidelines exist for the same. Universal screening is advocated. The glycemic goals are stringent, although data indicate that thresholds should be lowered further. Nutritional therapy is the mainstay of treatment. Insulin is the agent of choice if glycemic goals are not met. Newer insulin analogs are advantageous. Oral antidiabetic agents show promise for the future, although more long-term trials are needed. Self monitoring of glucose is an important tool in the management of diabetes in pregnancy.

Rates of cesarean section are high in diabetic pregnancies. If macrosomia occurs, other obstetric complications ensue. Maternal hyperglycemia can lead to neonatal hypoglycemia. Postpartum, maternal glycemic status should be reassessed and treatment modified accordingly. In the long-term, both mother and offspring are ideal candidates for lifestyle modification for the prevention of type 2 diabetes.

Preconception care in women with pre-existing diabetes and/or its complications is desirable to minimize complications and congenital anomalies.
Ultrasound for Screening Fetal Malformations— Has 3-D Made a Difference?
Authors: Rao JP , Malhotra Narendra
Published: April 2010

Ultrasonography as a universal screening tool augers well for detection of most of in utero congenital abnormalities, particularly with help of color Doppler, 3-D and 4-D scanning. Argument against universal screening is existing anomalies, not detected by USG, manifesting during childhood. Despite many variables of cost and ethics, poorly trained sonographer, it can be ardently stated that a routine scan is warranted for each pregnancy but only if well-performed at the least, level scan II.
Overview of Cryobiology in ART
Authors: Sareen Shashi , Talwar Pankaj
Published: April 2010

Cryopreservation allows the transfer of a limited number of embryos back to the uterus and the storage of the remaining embryos for future use, thus maximizing the cumulative effectiveness of an in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle. In addition, cryopreservation makes feasible the postponement of embryo transfer (ET) in a future cycle, thus decreasing the incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in high-risk patients, while it maintains the probability of pregnancy. The main problem during embryo cryopreservation is the formation of intracellular ice, which can lead to cell damage and developmental arrest. To overcome this problem, different cryopreservation protocols, such as slow freezing or vitrification, along with different types of cryoprotective solutions, such as propanediol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), have been developed. In this way the cells are protected against potential injuries occurring at subzero temperatures.
Awareness and Contraception Practices among Women—An Indian Rural Experience
Authors: Ghike Sunita , Joshi Sulbha , Bhalerao A , Kawthalkar A
Published: April 2010

Population explosion is a major burden on developing countries like us.

Unregulated fertility not only disrupts the health of women and child but also disrupts the economy of society and nation. To gain the knowledge about awareness and contraceptive practices in women living in rural area a cross-sectional study was conducted over two years from 15/5/05 to 15/6/07 in relation to age, parity, literacy level, working place, source of knowledge about contraception, women practicing contraception and reasons for nonuse of contraceptives. It was observed that most of the women belong to the age group of 22 to 25 years 346.91%, 33.7% were para 2. 56.3% were working and 44%were literate and only 1 to 1.2% had education above high school level. Media including TV and radio was the main source of contraceptive knowledge, i.e. 70%. 67.5% of women were aware about temporary methods of contraception while 100% were aware about permanent methods of contraception, but number of women practicing contraception was very low, i.e. 35.7% and the main reason of nonpractice of contraception was family pressure mainly in laws, husband gender bias, physical abuse, etc. i. e. 59%. It was noted that though knowledge of at least one method of contraception was wide among the women but still actual practice was very low.
Association of first Birth Cesarean Delivery and Placental Abruption or Previa at Second Birth
Authors: Metgud Mrityunjay , Koli Pramila , Nilgar Baburao , Mallapur Maheshwar
Published: April 2010

Objective

To evaluate the strength of association of cesarean delivery for first birth with placenta previa and placental abruption in second pregnancy.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Hospital based (Birth register)2004-2008. A total of 1638 pregnancies were available for the final analysis after excluding missing information.

Methods

Multiple logistic regressions were used to describe the relationship between cesarean section for first birth with placenta previa and placental abruption in second birth singletons.

Main outcome measures

Placenta previa and placental abruption

Results

Placenta previa was present in 10 per 1000 second-birth singletons whose first births delivered by cesarean section and 9 per 1000 second-birth singletons whose first births delivered vaginally. The corresponding figures for placental abruption were 5 per 1000 in the previous cesarean delivery group and 5 per 1000 in the previous vaginal delivery group. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of previous cesarean section for placenta previa in following second pregnancies was 1.10 (0.39 to 3.10) after adjusting for confounders including maternal age and interval between births. The corresponding figure for placental abruption was 1.0 (0.24 to 4.19).

Conclusion

Cesarean section for first birth is associated with 10% increased risk of placenta previa and no risk of placental abruption in second pregnancy with a singleton.
Has the Incidence of Molar Pregnancy Changed Over the Last 10 Years?
Authors: Tahir Fauzia , Bates Killian , McMillan Helen , Gillan John , Geary Michael
Published: April 2010

A retrospective audit was conducted at the Rotunda hospital, Dublin to assess the incidence of partial molar pregnancies and complete molar pregnancies over a 10-year period from the 1st of January 1997 to 31 of December 2006.

Methods

Records from the pathology department were accessed for the number of molar pregnancies from 1997 to 2006. Each pathology result was then retrieved to differentiate between complete moles and partial moles. The annual reports published by the hospital were used to obtain the number of deliveries and live births per year.

Results

The incidence of partial molar pregnancies at the Rotunda Hospital from 1997 to 2006 was 1 in 328 live births. The incidence of complete molar pregnancies from 1997 to 2006 was 1 in 1105 live births. The incidence of a molar pregnancy in the study period was 1:253.

Conclusion

The incidence of a molar pregnancy was estimated to be 1: 512 in 1993 and was 1: 253 in this study, indicating a significant rise. The incidence of complete and partial molar pregnancies has also doubled. The Rotunda hospital caters to a large proportion of Dublin's noncaucasian population which might account for an increase. But it is still possible that there is an over diagnosis of cases as diagnosis is only by histology and flow cytometry is not routinely performed in all cases.
Value of Third Trimester Uterine Artery Doppler in High-risk Pregnancies for Prediction of Adverse Perinatal Outcome
Authors: Rai Lavanya , Lekshmi S
Published: April 2010

Objective

To determine the usefulness of uterine artery Doppler in evaluation of third trimester high-risk pregnancies in prediction of adverse perinatal outcome.

Methods

In this prospective study uterine artery Doppler parameters such as PI and early diastolic notch were recorded in a group of 60 high-risk pregnancies mainly consisting of pre-eclampsia and small for gestational age. Uterine artery score (UAS) was calculated from the Doppler parameters and a score ≥ 2 was considered abnormal. Perinatal outcome was then correlated to this score and compared with umbilical artery Doppler.

Results

Abnormal UAS was noted in 72% of the study group while umbilical artery Doppler was abnormal in only 35%. All the five perinatal deaths and high-rate of perinatal morbidity was observed when both uterine and umbilical artery Dopplers were abnormal. Perinatal morbidity parameters such as birth weight < 2 kg, gestational age < 34 weeks and NICU admission was significantly high in 23 women who had abnormal UAS with normal umbilical artery Doppler. In pregnancies beyond 34 weeks abnormal uterine artery Doppler was a better predictor of adverse outcome than umbilical artery Doppler.

Conclusion

Abnormal uterine artery Doppler is a reliable predictor of adverse perinatal outcome in high-risk pregnancies with preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Normal uterine artery Doppler in third trimester is reassuring. Thus inclusion of uterine artery Doppler along with umbilical artery Doppler in high-risk pregnancy in third trimester will improve fetal surveillance.
Does Artificial Rupture of Membranes (ARM) Reduce Duration of Labor in Primigravidae: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bellad MB , Kamal Patil , Rajeshwari Patil
Published: April 2010

Objective

To study the effectiveness of artificial rupture of membranes(ARM) in reducing the duration of labor in primigravida.

Methods

A one year prospective randomized controlled trial was carried out on 200 primigravida (100 each to ARM and no ARM group) meeting the selection criteria. The outcomes were noted in both the groups. Data analysis was done using Chi Square and Z test.

Results

The mean duration of labor from enrolment to full dilation of the cervix or bearing down sensation was 4.76 ± 1.64 in ARM group compared to 5.66 ± 1.85 in the control group which was statistically significant (p value = 0.000; 95%). There was no difference in the duration of second and third stage of labor in both groups. There was no significant difference in the mode of delivery between ARM and control group. There was no significant difference in mean birth weight and Apgar score between the two groups.

Conclusion

ARM definitely reduced the duration of labor without any detrimental effects on fetus, mother and mode of delivery. Hence, there is no reason to strive to maintain the integrity of the fetal membranes in spontaneous labor in women where ARM is not contraindicated.
Management of Endometriosis—A Two Years Study at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Kapur K , Biswas M , Joneja GS , Sharma R , Talwar P
Published: April 2010

Objective

The purpose of this study was to analyze the line of treatment and its outcome in cases of endometriosis presenting with infertility and pelvic pain at a tertiary center having facilities of operative endoscopy and assisted reproductive technology.

Methods

All cases of Infertility and pelvic pain over a period of two years were subjected to laparoscopy. Patients who were diagnosed with endometriosis were classified into categories. Different system of classification was used for patients of Infertility and pelvic pain. A large number of patients were subjected to expectant management. Selected cases underwent IUI, IVF-ET and ICSI. The numbers of pregnancies were recorded in these cases. Patients with pelvic pain were treated with hormonal therapy.

Results

1038 patients were studied over a period of 2 years out of which 983 presented with Infertility and 55 with pelvic pain. 294 cases of infertility were detected and biopsy proven to be having endometriosis and 20 of the 55 cases of pelvic pain were also detected to have endometriosis. In the infertility group 76 patients were found to have bilateral tubal block. 215 patients were detected to have various grades of lesions but with patent bilateral/unilateral tubes. 6 patients with blocked tubes and 11 patients with patent tube/tubes also were associated with male factor infertility. 88 patients with blocked tubes and/or male factor received treatment with IVF-ET/ICSI. 178 patients underwent ovulation induction and 28 were simply observed. There were 42.8% pregnancies in the observation group, 49.4% in the ovulation induction-IUI group and 45.4% in IVF-ET/ICSI group.

Conclusion

30% of the cases of Infertility had endometriosis. Following operative endoscopy treatment for all cases, the occurrence of pregnancy was similar in patients who were simply observed and those who received treatment with ovulation induction-IUI. Those with mechanical problems of sperm-egg union are best treated with IVF-ET where facilities exist.
Significance of Persistent Inflammatory Cervical Smears in Sexually Active Women of Reproductive Age Group—A Prospective Study
Authors: Gupta Nidhi
Published: April 2010

To study the significance of persistent inflammatory cervical Papanicolaou smears, in sexually active women of reproductive age group attending the out patient department of department of obstetrics and gynecology, Sarojini Naidu Medical College and Hospitals, Agra were recruited. Patients with persistent inflammatory cervical smears were subjected to Schiller directed cervical biopsy for histopathological examination.

Persistent inflammatory changes were seen in 37.6% cervical smears.

Underlying cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) on histopathologic examination was found in 13.6% persisters. Prevalence of CIN was higher in women over 30 years and significantly so in women with parity higher than 2. It was further observed that severity of underlying CIN lesions increased with increasing duration of marital life.

Objective

To study the significance of persistent inflammatory cervical smears in sexually active women of reproductive age.

Study design

A prospective tertiary teaching hospital based study on 3000 sexually active women aged between 18 to 45 years attending the OPD from October 2006 to December 2008.

Material and methods

Sexually active women aged between 18 to 45 years with inflammatory smears attending the OPD of the department of obstetrics and gynecology, SN Medical College and Hospital were recruited for the study.

Repeat cervical smears were taken after 3 months of systemic antimicrobials plus local antiseptics.

Patients with persistent inflammatory cervical smears were subjected to Schiller directed cervical biopsy for histopathological examination. Relationship of age, parity, duration of marital life, different contraceptive practices and other high-risk factors were studied vis-ì-vis histopathological findings of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Results

Persistent inflammatory changes were noted in 37.6% cervical smears.

Underlying cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) on histopathalogic examination was seen in 13.6% persisters. Prevalence of CIN was higher in women over 30 years, and over para 3 uninfluenced by the presence of cervical lesion. Severity of underlying CIN lesions increased with increasing duration of marital life.

Conclusion

Women with persistent inflammatory cervical smears, especially if she is above 30 years, sexually active for 10 years and is third para, should have further evaluation with cervical biopsy.
Factors Associated with Perinatal Mortality: A Descriptive Observational Study
Authors: Bellad MB , Srividhya K , Ranjit Kangle , Dhaded SM
Published: April 2010

Objective

The objective of this study was to find out various causes of perinatal mortality and the factors associated with perinatal death.

Methods

A descriptive observational study done in a teaching hospital (Referral hospital at district) attached to Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum. All perinatal deaths during the period between December 2007 to May 2009 were included in the study.

Results

There were 3904 deliveries and 193 perinatal deaths during the study period. Perinatal mortality rate (PNMR) was 49.4/1000 births. The stillbirth rate was 43/1000 births. Antepartum hemorrhage and severe pre-eclampsia were the common causes of perinatal deaths.

Conclusion

Antepartum hemorrhage and pregnancy induced hypertension are leading causes of perinatal deaths. Majority of these complications occur in the later part of pregnancy increased vigilance during antenatal care can reduce these deaths.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta with Chondrodysplasia Punctata: A New Syndrome
Authors: Rasool Sabahat , Qamar Amir , Akhtar Omar Salim
Published: April 2010

A 32 years old G6p5 presented with full-term pregnancy and polyhydramnios. Sonography diagnosed skeletal dysplasia, AFI 38 cm and exteremly calcified grade 3 placenta. Postmortem radiograph confirmed osteogenesis imperfecta type 2 and chondrodysplasia punctata. The baby died of respiratory distress. This lethal association should be kept in mind whenever skeletal dysplasia is detected.
Benign Ovarian Mature Teratoma with Predominant Osteoid Tissue
Authors: Pilli Ganga S
Published: April 2010

A sixty five years old lady presented with a mass in the abdomen. It was hard, well circumscribed mass arising from the pelvis. On per vaginal examination, the mass was felt in the anterior and left fornices. Left oophorectomy was done. On gross examination the tumor was solid and bony hard. Microscopy revealed benign mature teratoma with predominantly osteoid tissue. The postoperative recovery was uneventful. The case is presented for its unusual presentation.
Severe Adolescent Menorrhagia due to Cervical Fibroid
Authors: Singh Tejshree , Majumdar Abha
Published: April 2010

A rare case of severe menorrhagia in a young girl with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is presented. On thorough investigations (blood tests and ultrasound) nothing substantial came up, hence ultimately pelvic examination under anesthesia was undertaken, which uncovered a cervical polyp 2.5 × 2.5 × 1.5 cm size, with a intracervical broad base, presenting at the external os but not protruding into the vagina. The growth was electrocauterized at its base, resected and a thorough curettage was done. Histopathology revealed a myomatous polyp and secretory endometrium. Though always a dilemma, in adolescent menorrhagia, a pelvic examination may be lifesaving in certain cases, if diagnosis is unclear. The importance of doing a thorough local examination in spite of absent history of sexual activity is highlighted by the following case.
Dyed But Not Dead: Methemoglobinemia Following Chromopertubation with Methylene Blue
Authors: Rasool Sabahat , Akhtar Omar S , Rathi Asha , Alami Zeba
Published: April 2010

A patient undergoing chromoperturbation with methylene blue developed methemoglobinemia. Methylene blue dye used for chromotubation during laparoscopic evaluation can extravasate in lymphatics particularly in cases of Chronic PID, Tuberculosis. Methemoglobunemia as a complication occurs whenever high concentration of dye is used. Other complications are anaphylactic reaction, pulmonary edema. Conservative management with aggressive support for hemodynmic stability is the rule.
Oat Cell Carcinoma of Lung Mimicking Choriocarcinoma
Authors: Betsy Thomas
Published: April 2010

This is the case report of a postcesarean woman who presented with multiple lung secondaries, bilateral ovarian cysts and very high serum β-hCG which turned out not to be choriocarcinoma. This shows the importance of tissue diagnosis even in patients who show all other features of choriocarcinoma.
Postpartum Respiratory Failure
Authors: Puri Randhir , Singh Yoginder , Anand Shankar K , Tyagi Arun , Rohatgi S , Jagadish AM
Published: April 2010

This is a case report of a 29 years old primigravida who at 32 weeks of gestation presented with severe pain abdomen and backache. She had a massive concealed placental abruption that led intrauterine fetal death. Due to the progressively deteriorating maternal condition a cesarean section was performed under general anesthesia to deliver the dead fetus. After five days the patient developed acute respiratory failure and needed mechanical ventilation. The common causes of respiratory failure associated with pregnancy are discussed.
Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program (PTP) on Knowledge of Sex Education among Adolescent Girls
Authors: Kharde Sangeeta N , Rajaput Ashakumari H
Published: April 2010

Adolescent is the second decade of life, marking the transistion from childhood to adulthood. These are the formative years when maximum amount of physical, psychological and behavioral changes takes place. A study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of PTP on knowledge of sex education among adolescent girls was the main objective of the present study.

Objectives

• To assess the knowledge of adolescent girls on selected aspects of sex.

• To prepare and conduct planned teaching program on selected aspects of sex education among adolescent girls.

• To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching program.

• To find out the association between pretest knowledge scores and selected demographic variables.

Methods

The research approach for the study was that of an evaluative one with one group pretest post-test design. The sample size considered for the study was 65 adolescent girls. The sampling technique used for the study was simple random sampling which is a type of probability sampling. The tool used for gathering relevant data was a structured questionnaire on knowledge of sex education.

Results

The results revealed that, majority of the girls 25 (38.46%) belonged to a age group of 17 years while minimum 5 (7.69%) belonged to a age group of 19 years. Majority girls 34 (52.30%) belonged to PUC II year. Majority of girls 51(78.46%) belonged to Hindu religion and majority girls mothers educational status 27 (41.53%) was secondary school where majority of girls father educational status 21(41.53%) was graduation. Most of the mothers 42 (64.6%) were working and majority of the girls 36 (55.38%) and 37 (56.92%) belonged to nuclear family and rural area. Majority of girls 61(93.4%) were unmarried and 27 (41.53%) gained information from internet and 28 (43.07%) family income was 4001 to 6000.

In pretest majority of the girls 40 (61.53%) had average knowledge, 14 (21.53%) had good knowledge, and 11(16.92%) had poor knowledge, whereas in post-test 62 (95.38%) of girls had good knowledge and 3 (4.61%) had average knowledge. The calculated paired ‘t’ value (t = 26.38) is greater than tabulated ‘t’ value (t = 1.960).

Conclusion

There was evident increase in the knowledge scores in all the areas included in the study after administration of PTP. Thus, it was proved that PTP was effective teaching method for creating awareness on importance of sex education and STI, STD and HIV/ AIDS transmission and focusing the reproductive health hazards like preventing sexual violence among youths.
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on Knowledge of Mothers on Prevention of Hypothermia among Newborns in Selected Hospitals of Belgaum, Karnataka
Authors: Kharde Sangeeta N , Bhandari Usha M
Published: April 2010

A newborn baby is a god's divine precious gift given to a mother. Nurses play very crucial role in prevention of newborn hypothermia during the hospitalization of newborn in NICU. To evaluate the effectiveness of PTP on prevention of hypothermia in newborn among mothers was the main objective of the present study. One group pretest, post-test design (pre-experimental) was used. 30 postnatal mothers were selected by nonprobability sampling and pretest questionnaire was administered through structured interview schedule. After PTP 7 days after posttest was conducted on same group. Results were analysed by ‘t’ test. The results revealed that there was statistically significant association between knowledge of mothers and age and religion, and remaining three variables there was no statistical significant association (p < 0.05). The PTP was the best teaching strategy as it enhance the knowledge on prevention of hypothermia.
Rudimentary claws and pigmented nail‐like structures on the distal tips of the digits of Wnt7a mutant mice: Wnt7A suppresses nail‐like structure development in mice
Authors: Kimura Sumiko , Saitsu Hirotomo , Schaumann Blanka A. , Shiota Kohei , Matsumoto Naomichi , Ishibashi Makoto
Published: April 2010

BACKGROUND:

As Wnt7a mutant mice exhibit double ventral structures in the digits of autopods, it has been accepted that dorsal‐ventral identity in limb development is regulated by the Wnt7a signal. The most important evidence for this was the presence of surface pads, typical characteristics of ventral structures, on the dorsal side of digital tips and at the base of digits and their pigmentation.

METHODS:

The morphologic features of the appendages on the distal tips of digits were inspected in the fore‐ and hindlimbs of mice having a different Wnt7a mutation. The digital structures were examined macroscopically and histologically.

RESULTS:

The Wnt7a homozygous mutant mice with defects in postaxial digits had rudimentary claws or claws and pigmented nail‐like structures, instead of dorsal pads, on the distal digital tips and hairs on the dorsal surface of the digits of fore‐ and hindlimbs. Furthermore, pigmented ectopic nail‐like structures but not pads were also present on the dorsal surface of the base of digits. Double ventral structures were observed in the bones and tendons, excluding pads in digital areas.

CONCLUSIONS:

These findings suggest that Wnt7a is not necessarily an exclusive dorsalizing signal to the dorsal ectoderm of the digital areas of autopods. Rather, the Wnt7a signal may participate in suppression of the development of pigmented nail‐like structures in normal limb development. This means that even rodents, a species lower than primates in the evolution from claws to nails, have molecular potential to develop cutaneous appendages similar to nails at their location. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and characterization of three new diploid cell lines from Labeo rohita (Ham.)
Authors: Lakra Wazir S. , Swaminathan T. Raja , Rathore Gaurav , Goswami Mukunda , Yadav Kamalendra , Kapoor Smita
Published: April 2010

Development of cell lines from fish for identifying the pathogenesis of viral diseases and for vaccine production against viral and bacterial diseases is imperative where they are of commercial importance. Three new diploid fish cell lines (RF, RH, and RSB) were developed from fin, heart, and swim bladder of an Indian major carp, Labeo rohita, commonly called Rohu. All the cell lines were optimally maintained at 28°C in Leibovitz‐15 medium supplemented with 10% FBS. The propagation of RH and RSB cells was serum dependent, with a low plating efficiency (<16%), whereas RF cells showed 20% efficiency. The cytogenetic analysis revealed a diploid count of 50 chromosomes. The cells of RF and RSB were found to be epithelial, where as the cells of RH were mostly fibroblastic. The viability of the RF, RH, and RSB cell lines was 75, 70 and 72%, respectively after 6 months of storage in liquid nitrogen. The origin of the cell lines was confirmed by the amplification of 496 and 655 bp fragments of 16S rRNA and Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) of mtDNA. The new cell lines would facilitate viral disease diagnosis and genomic studies. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Mechanical engineering education via projects in multibody dynamics
Authors: Lipinski K. , Docquier N. , Samin J.C. , Fisette P.
Published: April 2010

The present contribution focuses on the feasibility and interest of setting up a multi‐disciplinary project in the field of multibody dynamics, as a sequel to the undergraduate course in classical mechanics. The pedagogical objectives of this “learning layer” cover various aspects, namely: give the student the opportunity to exploit and analyze the equations of motion for a real application, make them able to formulate consistent hypotheses for such applications and promote an actual multi‐disciplinary activity (mechanics, numerical methods, computer science and CAD). The project is performed by groups of students and is organized in the frame of a global active pedagogical process which characterizes our undergraduate engineering program at the Université catholique de Louvain (UCL, Belgium). After more than 10 years of experience, we can claim that this multi‐disciplinary project really improves the student's skills in the field of multibody system modeling and computer simulation, including a timid but existing engineering attitude with respect to the results they obtain. Among the educational ingredients that make this project really fruitful educationally speaking, one must emphasize a key point of the approach, relating to the use of the symbolic multibody program ROBOTRAN to assist students in producing their equations of motion. Contrarily to research activities, the use of the ROBOTRAN symbolic models are exploited in such project, more for an educational motivation than for the computer efficiency of the simulation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 529–539, 2012
Regulation of microtubule organization and functions by septin GTPases
Authors: Spiliotis Elias T.
Published: April 2010

Septins comprise an evolutionarily conserved family of oligomeric GTPases that regulate the intracellular localization of proteins by functioning as protein scaffolds and diffusion barriers. Recent studies reveal that septins associate with microtubules, microtubule‐associated proteins (MAPs), and microtubule motors. Here, I review these findings and consider how septins may spatially regulate the interaction of microtubules with MAPs and motor proteins. Thus, septins may constitute a novel regulatory module of microtubule organization and function with important implications in the understanding and treatment of cancer and neurodegeneration. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic measures of RSA predict distress and regulation in toddlers
Authors: Brooker Rebecca J. , Buss Kristin A.
Published: April 2010

In this study, we examined a new method for quantifying individual variability using dynamic measures of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). This method incorporated temporal variation into the measurement of RSA and provided information beyond that offered by more traditional quantifications such as difference scores. Dynamic and static measures of change in RSA were tested in relation to displays of emotion and affective behaviors during a fear‐eliciting episode in a sample of 88 typically developing and high‐fear toddlers during a laboratory visit at age 24 months. Dynamic measures of RSA contributed information that was unique from traditionally employed, static change scores in predicting high‐fear toddlers' displays of shyness during a fear‐eliciting episode. In contrast, RSA change scores offered information related to boldness in nonhigh‐fear children. In addition, several associations included estimates of nonlinear change in RSA. Implications for the study of individual differences in RSA and relations with emotion and emotion regulation are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 372–382, 2010.
The influence of attachment representation on parental perception and interpretation of infant emotions: A multilevel approach
Authors: Spangler Gottfried , Maier Ursula , Geserick Barbara , von Wahlert Angelika
Published: April 2010

The aim of the study was to investigate parental perception and interpretation of infant emotional expression depending on their attachment representation. Forty‐six parents' responses to infant pictures depicting positive, neutral, and negative emotions were assessed on the level of affective judgments (valence, arousal), mimic responses (facial muscle activity), and of the eyelid reflex (using the startle paradigm). Results revealed small differences between parents of different attachment representations with respect to their subjective evaluations. However, secure parents, as compared to insecure ones, showed a positive bias in their mimic responses to infant pictures. The modulation of the startle response indicated a negative evaluation of negative infant emotion expressions in dismissing parents, while an augmentation of the startle response to negative infant emotions could not be observed in secure and preoccupied parents. The findings highlight the role of attachment experiences for emotional information processing in parents and its consequences for parental behavior. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 411–423, 2010.
High ethanol dose during early adolescence induces locomotor activation and increases subsequent ethanol intake during late adolescence
Authors: Acevedo María Belén , Molina Juan Carlos , Nizhnikov Michael E. , Spear Norman E. , Pautassi Ricardo Marcos
Published: April 2010

Adolescent initiation of ethanol consumption is associated with subsequent heightened probability of ethanol use disorders. The present study examined the relationship between motivational sensitivity to ethanol initiation in adolescent rats and later ethanol intake. Experiment 1 determined that ethanol induces locomotor activation shortly after administration but not if tested at a later post‐administration interval. In Experiment 2, adolescent rats were assessed for ethanol‐induced locomotor activation on postnatal Day 28. These animals were then evaluated for ethanol‐mediated conditioned taste aversion and underwent a 16‐day‐long ethanol intake protocol. Ethanol‐mediated aversive effects were unrelated to ethanol locomotor stimulation or subsequent ethanol consumption patterns. Ethanol intake during late adolescence was greatest in animals initiated to ethanol earliest at postnatal Day 28. Females that were more sensitive to ethanol's locomotor‐activating effects showed a transient increase in ethanol self‐administration. Blood ethanol concentrations during initiation were not related to ethanol‐induced locomotor activation. Adolescent rats appeared sensitive to the locomotor‐stimulatory effects of ethanol. Even brief ethanol exposure during adolescence may promote later ethanol intake. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 424–440, 2010.
Attachment, depression, and cortisol: Deviant patterns in insecure‐resistant and disorganized infants
Authors: Luijk Maartje P.C.M. , Saridjan Nathalie , Tharner Anne , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Hofman Albert , Verhulst Frank C. , Tiemeier Henning
Published: April 2010

Both attachment insecurity and maternal depression are thought to affect infants' emotional and physiological regulation. In the current study, Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) attachment classifications, and cortisol stress reactivity and diurnal rhythm were assessed at 14 months in a prospective cohort study of 369 mother–infant dyads. Maternal lifetime depression was diagnosed prenatally using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Insecure‐resistant infants showed the largest increase in cortisol levels from pre‐ to post‐SSP; the effect was even stronger when they had depressive mothers. Disorganized children showed a more flattened diurnal cortisol pattern compared to nondisorganized children. Findings are discussed from the perspective of a cumulative risk model. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 441–452, 2010.
Challenges to bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata) social groups: Mother–infant dyad and infant social interactions
Authors: Laudenslager Mark L. , Natvig C. , Mikulich‐Gilbertson S.M. , Blevins M. , Corcoran C. , Pierre P.J. , Bennett A.J.
Published: April 2010

The mother‐infant dyad is crucial to early development in a variety of species. The complexity of social groupings in nonhuman primates makes this relationship resilient as well as susceptible to early challenges associated with environmental chaos. Quantitative behavior observations of bonnet monkey mother‐infant interactions were collected from 28 mother‐infant dyads between one and twelve months of age. Social groups were subjected to several prenatal and/or postnatal housing relocations within a single year resulting in two study groups. One group experienced relocations (ATYPICAL, n = 14) and the second group (TYPICAL, n = 14) was conceived and reared in the same location. Behaviors in the ethogram included mother‐infant interactions and infant social interactions with other members of the group. Observations between ages of two to four months were analyzed by a mixed model analysis of variance including fixed effects of per and postnatal history (TYPICAL, ATYPICAL), age, and history by age interaction and random effects of mother and infant nested within mother. A significant effect of relocation history was noted on a number of infant behaviors. ATYPICAL infants were out of direct contact with their mother at an earlier age but remained in her proximity. Control of proximity shifted to offsrping in the ATYPICAL group compared to the TYPICAL group. Furthermore, greater social interactions between two and four months of age with other members of the social group as well as the ir mother were observed in the ATYPICAL group. It is suggested that continuous challenge associated with relocation may affect the infant at later developmental ages due to these early differences in ways that are yet unclear. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 465–474, 2010.
Motivation to change among residential treatment patients with an eating disorder: Assessment of the multidimensionality of motivation and its relation to treatment outcome
Authors: Delinsky Sherrie S. , Thomas Jennifer J. , Germain Sarah A. St. , Ellison Craigen Katherine , Weigel Thomas J. , Levendusky Philip G. , Becker Anne E.
Published: April 2010

Objective:

To examine the multidimensional nature of motivation to change in an adolescent sample in residential eating disorder (ED) treatment and relate it to outcome.

Method:

To determine whether different dimensions of motivation (benefits, burdens, and functional avoidance) are differentially associated with symptom severity and outcome, we assessed eating pathology and motivation to change in consecutively admitted female patients (n = 67) with AN, BN, and EDNOS in a residential ED program with the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) and the Decisional Balance Scale (DB).

Results:

Pretreatment DB benefits and functional avoidance subscales were correlated with ED and comorbid psychopathology. Admission to discharge change in DB benefits—but not other measured dimensions of motivation was significantly associated with post‐treatment EDE‐Q global scores.

Discussion:

Our findings support that motivation to change is a multidimensional construct among ED patients. A reduction in perceived benefits of illness is associated with less severe post‐treatment eating pathology. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:340–348)
Nonfat phobic anorexia nervosa: Clinical characteristics and response to inpatient treatment
Authors: Carter Jacqueline C. , Bewell‐Weiss Carmen V.
Published: April 2010

Objective:

The aim of this study was to compare patients admitted to a specialized inpatient program for anorexia nervosa (AN) with and without a fear of weight gain in terms of specific eating disorder symptoms, general psychopathology, and treatment outcome.

Method:

Measures of specific and general psychopathology were administered at admission to and discharge from the inpatient program. Of the 138 participants, 81% (n = 112) were categorized as having clinical levels of “fear of weight gain” and 19% (n = 26) were categorized as having subclinical levels of this feature.

Results:

The subclinical‐level group had lower scores on measures of eating disorder psychopathology, depression, general psychiatric disturbance, and obsessive‐compulsive symptomatology, but higher self‐esteem scores. There were no differences found in terms of age of onset of AN, duration of illness, AN subtype, body mass index, or treatment outcome.

Discussion:

The current findings provide evidence that underweight patients who deny a fear of weight gain are less disturbed in terms of both eating disorder pathology and general psychopathology. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:220–224)