bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy Demand Supply Gap and Economic Development nexus in Pakistan
Authors: Et al., Tahir Mahmood
Published: March 2021

The demand for energy is rising in Pakistan. This increased in energy demand could be a result of rapid urbanization and economic development. As the economy develops, economic activities, such as industrialization and provision of services rise. These economic activates raise the energy demand. On another hand, Pakistan generating a small amount of energy from its own sources and a major part of its energy supply is relying on energy imports. In this study, we analyze the economic development and energy gaps nexus in Pakistan. The data on energy consumption, energy production, energy exports, and energy imports is taken from U.S. Energy Information Administration, we use this information to generate aggregate energy supply and energy demand. We also use World development indicators (WDI) in order to get data on financial development, urbanization, and economic growth. We apply the Auto-Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) bound test. Empirical findings show the marginal effects of financial improvement on energy gaps exists in long as well as in the short run. These findings are not sensitive to control additional variables (i.e. urbanization and economic growth). These results show financial development, urbanization, and economic growth increasing the energy demand and supply gaps.
Perceptions of Prospective Teachers about Effectiveness & Professional Development of Practicum
Authors: Et al., Wahaj Muhammad Khan
Published: March 2021

Teaching is an art and teaching practice is the key element of teachers training, but presently in the 4 years Professional Development Program, Practicum replaced teaching practice. A prominent feature of the B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary Program upcoming is practice teaching also known as the Practicum. Practicum is a university course intended to give a prospective teacher skilled oriented education of a subject earlier studied in theory. The basic purpose of it is to produce professional development, abilities, and skills of the prospective teachers. But those consequences are not obtained from this as being expected. How it occurs that quality teachers are not produced? In this research, the effects of the practicum will be discussed and try to understand that what role practicum is playing on the professional development of prospective teachers. In the light of the recommendation of this research, the objectives of Practicum will be obtained and develop the professionalism in prospective teachers. The study is conducted through quantitative approach, passed out prospective teachers of the University of Karachi and affiliated colleges B.Ed. (4 years program) are selected as population and 100 prospective teachers is selected as a sample through random and convenient sampling. and opinionnaire is used as a research tool for authentic data collection and the collected data analyzed by Chi-square and in the light of results, recommendations are placed.
Forest Fires in the Ural Federal district and their impact on the environment
Authors: Куплевацкий В.К. , Шабалина Н.Ш.
Published: March 2021

На основе актов и книг учета лесных пожаров, а также статистической отчетности проанализированы показатели фактической горимости лесов за 2016–2020 гг. Установлено, что за 2020 г. на территории Уральского федерального округа зафиксировано 2182 лесных пожара. При этом пройденная огнем площадь составила 167,2 тыс. га. Указанные показатели несколько превышают значения количества и пройденной огнем площади по округу за последние 5 лет: 1961 случай и 124,6 тыс. га соответственно. Наибольшее количество лесных пожаров зафиксировано в 2020 г. в челябинской области – 587 случаев, а наименьшее – в Ямало-Ненецком автономном округе – 111 случаев. При этом максимальной пройден- ной огнем лесных пожаров площадью в 2020 г. характеризуется Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ – Югра – 144,7 тыс. га. Минимальная пройденная огнем площадь зафиксирована в Тюменской области – 1,6 тыс. га. Площадь среднего пожара за 2020 г. по округу составила 76,64 га, при этом в Ханты-Мансийском авто- номном округе – Югре она равнялась 308,0 га, а в Тюменской области – 6,98 га. Экономический ущерб от лесных пожаров составил по округу 4 109 793, 16 тыс. руб., при этом на тушение было затрачено 575 481,57 тыс. руб. Значительный размер ущерба от лесных пожаров, а также экологический ущерб вызывают необходи- мость дальнейшего совершенствования охраны лесов.

On the bases and books of forest fire accounting, as well as statistical reporting the indicators of actual forest fire rates for 2016–2020 were and lyzed. It was established that in 2020 2182 forest fires were recorded in the Ural Federal Distict. While the area covered by fire was 167,2 th/ga. These indicators slightly exceed the value of the number and the area covered by fire over the past five years in the district. The latter account for 1961 cases and 124,6 thousands of ha respectively. The largest number of forest fires was recorded in 2020 in Chelyabinsk region – 587 cases, the least in the Yamalonenets autonomous okrug – 111 cases. At the same time the maximum area covered by forest fires in 2020 is charaiterized by the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous okrug – Yugra – 144,7 thousands of has. The minimum area covered by the fire was recorded in the Tyumen region – 1,6 th. ha. The average fire area in 2020 around the Okrug was 76,64 ha, at the same time in the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous okrug – Yugra, it is 308,0 ha, but in the Tyumen region – 6,98 ha. The economic damage from forest fires amounted to 4 109 793,16 th of roubes, at the same time 575 481,57 th of ronbes were spent fire suppressing significant damage from forest fires as well as environmental damage necessitates futher forest protection improvement.
Riesgos y posibles impactos de la minería metálica en El Salvador
Authors: Larios de López Dina , Guzmán Herbert , Mira Edgardo
Published: March 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 63, No. 711-712, 2008: 77-91.
CUIDADOS RESPIRATORIOS DE LOS PACIENTES CON ATROFIA MUSCULAR ESPINAL
Authors: Giménez Y. Gloria , Prado A. Francisco , Bersano Celia , Kakisu P. Hiromi , Herrero María Victoria , Manresa Ana Luisa , Pronello Damián , Salinas F. Pamela , Morales S. Juan C. , Gutiérrez P. Montserrat , Guillen T. Silvia , Aravena M. Silvia , Morales C. Pedro , Moscoso G. Gustavo , Oviedo C. Valeria , Valdebenito P. Carlos , Núñez Débora , Galeano Shirley , Bach John Robert
Published: March 2021

La Atrofia Muscular Espinal (AME) es una enfermedad genética del asta anterior de la medula espinal, que cursa con debilidad muscular progresiva. La intensidad y precocidad de la debilidad muscular presenta diferentes grados de afectación de los grupos musculares respiratorios, determinando la meseta en la capacidad vital y progresión a la insuficiencia ventilatoria, como también el compromiso de los músculos inervados bulbares. Los AME tipo 1 y 2, se benefician con cuidados respiratorios no invasivos en la infancia temprana y edad escolar, mejorando la calidad y esperanza de vida. Este documento sintetiza dichas recomendaciones, con especial referencia a intervenciones guiadas por etapas, que incluyan apilamiento de aire, protocolos de tos asistida, preparación para la artrodesis de columna y soporte ventilatorio no invasivo, incluso en aquellos pacientes con pérdida de la autonomía respiratoria, minimizando el riesgo de traqueostomía. La no consideración de estas recomendaciones en la valoración regular de los pacientes resta la oferta de tratamientos oportunos.
TRASTORNOS DE HIPOVENTILACIÓN CENTRAL DEL SUEÑO EN PEDIATRÍA: CAUSAS POCO FRECUENTES
Authors: Alvarez A. María R. , Cardenas S. Victor H.
Published: March 2021

El síndrome de hipoventilación central congénita (CCHS) y síndrome de obesidad de inicio rápido con disfunción hipotalámica, hipoventilación y desregulación autonómica (ROHHAD), son causas poco comunes de hipoventilación durante el sueño en la población pediátrica. Este grupo de trastornos se caracterizan por ausencia o disminución en el control automático de la ventilación, sensibilidad disminuida de los quimioreceptores al CO2, provocando hipoventilación durante el sueño e incluso en vigilia, en los casos más severos. Por estas razones es importante diagnosticarlos y tratarlos oportunamente. El objetivo de esta revisión es proporcionar literatura actual y completa, para poder identificar, tratar y referir a éste grupo de niños tempranamente, y así disminuir las complicaciones y/o comorbilidades asociadas a corto y largo plazo, mejorando su calidad de vida
AGENESIA UNILATERAL DE LA ARTERIA PULMONAR. PRESENTACION DE DOS CASOS Y REVISION DE LA LITERATURA
Authors: Maggiolo M. Julio , Rubilar O. Lilian
Published: March 2021

La agenesia unilateral de la arteria pulmonar es una malformación poco frecuente, en ocasiones asintomática y subdiagnosticada. La agenesia derecha suele ser aislada, en cambio la izquierda se asocia más frecuentemente a malformaciones cardiovasculares. Algunos pacientes presentan infecciones respiratorias recurrentes, limitación al ejercicio, hemoptisis y/o hipertensión pulmonar. El diagnóstico se sospecha al solicitar una radiografía de tórax que muestra un pulmón hipoplásico ipsilateral a la agenesia. Se confirma con tomografía computada de tórax con contraste. En pacientes asintomáticos el manejo debe ser conservador, sin embargo, se debe iniciar la búsqueda de vasos colaterales especialmente durante la adolescencia, los que pueden sangrar. En cambio, en los pacientes sintomáticos o que presentan complicaciones graves, el tratamiento debe ser intervencional. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar a dos pacientes con agenesia de la arteria pulmonar derecha e izquierda respectivamente y hacer una revisión de la literatura.
Ekspolrasi Literasi Pasar Modal di Kalangan Perempuan
Authors: Phuanerys Eliza Christabella , Nixon Grant , Natahsya Erika
Published: March 2021

Indeks literasi pasar modal di Indonesia baru mencapai 4.4%, jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan industri keuangan lainnya. Hasil survei juga menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan gender, indeks literasi keuangan laki-laki sebesar 39,94% relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan perempuan sebesar 36,13%. Jika data OJK masih menunjukkan bahwa tingkat literasi pasar modal perempuan berada di bawah laki-laki, hal ini perlu dikritisi dalam perspektif gender. Sehingga, perlu diadakan suatu analisis mengenai faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi rendahnya tingkat literasi pasar modal Indonesia? Faktor-faktor yang dimaksud dilihat bersamaan dengan indikator kesetaraan dan keadilan gender, yakni: akses, partisipasi, kontrol, dan manfaat pasar modal pada perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, rendahnya tingkat literasi pasar modal pada perempuan diakibatkan oleh faktor akses yang mengakibatkan rendahnya pengetahuan pasar modal. Rendahnya pengetahuan pasar modal disebabkan karena kesulitan untuk membedakan produk investasi pasar modal yang resmi dan bodong, sulitnya akses internet, adanya keraguan dalam memilih media belajar yang kredibel, kurangnya sosialisasi secara resmi dari sekolah dan atau lembaga resmi pasar modal, kurang tertariknya informan terhadap produk investasi pasar modal dan misinformasi. Selain akses, faktor kontrol menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi kalangan perempuan pada pasar modal sangat dipengaruhi oleh relasi kuasa tertentu. Pada faktor partisipasi, kalangan perempuan tidak berpartisipasi di pasar modal karena merasa ragu untuk berpartisipasi dalam investasi di pasar modal. Pada faktor manfaat, kalangan perempuan belum merasakan manfaat atas investasi di pasar modal.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Mata Pelajaran IPA Siswa SD Melalui Model Pembelajaran Debate di Kota Makassar
Authors: Wati Sukma , Satriawati Satriawati , Khaedar Muh.
Published: March 2021

Pendidikan dimaksudkan untuk mengembangkan kemampuan dan membentuk watak peserta didik dengan mengacu pada kurikulum yang ditetapkan. Salah satu model pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan para guru untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa yaitu model pembelajaran Debate. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran debate untuk dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA Siswa Kelas V SD Inpres Bangkala III Kota Makassar. Pendekatan yang di gunakan adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian berupa penelitian tindakan kelas dengan alur kegiatan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan evaluasi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD Bangkala III sebanyak 27 orang siswa. Adapun instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi, tes hasil belajar, dan dokumentasi, sedangkan analisis data dengan analisis deskriptif dan analisis kualitatif. Hasil lembar observasi belajar siswa kelas V SD Inpres Bangkala III pada siklus I nilai ketuntasan 56,26% berada pada kategori sangat kurang dan mengalami peningkatan pada siklus II nilai ketuntasan 89 % berada pada kategori baik sehingga dapat di simpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan model  pembelajaran  debate dapat meningkat hasil belajar siswa kelas V SD Bangkala III pada mata pelajaran IPA.
Mapping India’s AI Potential
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Chahal Husanjot , Abdulla Sara , Murdick Jonathan , Rahkovsky Ilya
Published: March 2021

With its massive information technology workforce, thriving research community and a growing technology ecosystem, India has a significant stake in the development of artificial intelligence globally. Drawing from a variety of original CSET datasets, the authors evaluate India’s potential for AI by examining its progress across five categories of indicators pertinent to AI development: talent, research, patents, companies and investments, and compute.
PENEGAKAN HUKUM DI INDONESIA DALAM RANGKA TATA KELOLA PEMERINTAHAN YANG LEBIH BAIK MENUJU 100 TAHUN KEMERDEKAAN INDONESIA (2045)
Authors: Anggusti Martono , Anggusti Yansen
Published: March 2021

President of the Republic of Indonesia, Joko Widodo said that, based on a number of calculations, Indonesia would perch as one of the five countries with the strongest economy in the world in 2045, when it entered Indonesia 100 years with millennial generation at the peak age of 40-51 years, and this is a productive age. Indonesia has the potential to be shared. 263 million population, who live on more than 17,000 islands consisting of 34 provinces and 514 cities / districts. This community is plural and part of 714 tribes with 1,100 more local languages. Although the majority of the population adheres to Islam, there are many residents of other religions too. No less important to note, that the implementation of decentralization in Indonesia shows the fate and quality of 2/3 (two thirds) of the citizens’ lives, in practice, is largely determined by local government performance of services, ranging from environmental sanitationissues, such as waste management, school quality and health services. Everything depends on the high-low of public services quality in the area. The economic development in Indonesia, especially the legal matters, there is something that needs to be considered, that the law in Indonesia moretowards criminal sanctions against companies, thus carrying the image that, if you want to be an entrepreneur, be prepared to be in prison. And this give opportunities for the officials trap in the abusement of power. A series of datas, regional officials arrested, 24 governors and 115 regents /mayors by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) in 2004-2019. The majority of cases are related to bribery and gratification.
PROBLEMATIKA IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN DAERAH KABUPATEN KARO NOMOR 3 TAHUN 2012 TENTANG PAJAK DAERAH
Authors: Siberonta Michail Wiliem's , Taraja Manoras
Published: March 2021

Tax area is one of the important sources of local revenue to finance the development of a lauarge, real and responsible of aoutonoumos area, The role of the constructor visible in every project that undertaken by the government ic alwaayson the buzz of the project being build finance from the funds that have been mede lip of the society. Tax economic perspective as a mive from the private sector to the public sector. This understanding iustrates the exsistence of two situation being changed, first the ddiminished a bilitiy of individuals in control this understanding iustrates the sexsistence of two situation being changed. First the diminished abiling of individuals in control of resources for the importance of control goods and services. Increased local financial capasitiy in the provision of public goods and serulces the necessities of people’s live white the development from a legal perspektife is a bond that arises because of the regulations to the emergence of the comonity to defate certain income to the emergence of the comunitiy to defecate certain income to the region. The area that have the advantage to assert the impose and money of the area must be used to implement of the area, ftom this legal appreaceh to consider the law must be based on a regulation that ensures a legal. Certainty, both, both taxis as tax convectors and tax payers as payers tax payable. From various definitions give to the tax elther divectly or juridi cally drawn conclusion about the characteristics the exsistence of tunds transfer (resources) of the private sector (tax payers paying taxes) to the regional/state sector (tax administratios).
The Feminization of Mental Disorders: A Clinical Lesson at the Salpêtrière
Authors:   Repin Saint Petersburg State Academic Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, Martynova D.O.
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes the formation of visualization of hysterical insanity in art on the example of the canvas by Pierre-Andre Brouillet A Clinical Lesson at the Salpêtrière. Considering the long practice of feminization of insanity, we can conclude that Brouillet captured the phenomenon of the “Charcot regime”, exposing its discussion fields. By fixing the female pathological body in a certain place, he demonstrated two discursive tricks: how patriarchal institutions defined a woman as a being devoid of her own opinion, and how a woman “evaporated”, became an object under male power influence, demonstrating the significance of the term “phallocula- centrism” and scopophilia of the second half of the 19th century introduced by L. Irigaray. As a result, it reflected the characteristics of hysteria that allowed this disease to feminize insanity and introduce it into the visual culture of the time: mimetism, simulation, representa- tion, mimicry, cataloging, and registration. The female body became a pent-up “alphabet”, embodying the idea of Sigmund Freud’s mirror and Jacques Lacan’s reasoning about the nature of the hysterical personality type. The disease, which has “thousands of guises” and exists solely due to visual appearance, revealed not only the problems of Patriarchy of most social and power institutions, but also relationships. As a result, the acute and controversial colloquial characterization of “hysterical”, which was included due to the popularity of the visual image of a mentally ill woman created at the Salpêtrière, is still becoming a relevant topic for research in modern visual practices.
The Epoch’ Tendencies in Marius Petipa’ Last Ballet The Magic Mirror
Authors:   State Institute for Art Studies, Petrushanskaya E.M.
Published: March 2021

Based on well-known and research materials about the creation, preparation, premiere and perception of The Magic Mirror ballet (choreography by M. Petipa, music by A. Koreshchenko, 1903), a culturalogical perspective of this phenomenon is proposed. This perspective is also applied to many components of the synthetic whole — music, scenography. As well as for the analysis of significant trends in changes in ballet toposes and their interpretations, ballet pantomime and its (as, in general, the classical ballet’ poetics) hypothetical impact onto silent movies.
“Humanization” of Art: Museums on the Internet
Authors:   State Institute for Art Studies, Evallyo V.D. , Krutous V.P. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: March 2021

In this article, the digital museum is examined through the perspective of the “humanization” processes, which is the reorientation of museums to reach the widest audience and to introduce works of art in media discourse. First of all, these problems cover the transformation of the usual communication between museums and their visitors. Thus, new accents are formed and landmarks are shifted from a work of art to its recipient. The purpose of this study is analyzing the visual component of museums’ websites, cultural research of digital content. As a result of the release of museums and their material and cultural archive in the field of mass culture, access to works of art, and its informational, expert support are realized, but also a kind of desacralization of cultural objects is fixed. The article concludes that the range of visual shows presented in digital museums is wide and relies largely on game aesthetics, on the possibility of interactive manipulation of website content.
Vitality of the Art: Approaches to Research
Authors:   State Institute for Art Studies, Krivtsun O.A. , Bespalov O.V. ,   Independent Researcher,, Proklov I.N. ,   State Institute for Art Studies, Belikova M.A. ,   State Institute for Art Studies, Florkovskaya A.K. ,   V.I. Surikov Moscow State Academic Art Institute, Lukina G.U. ,   State Institute for Art Studies, Savenko S.I. ,   State Institute for Art Studies, Dutsev M.V. ,   Institute of Theory and History of Architecture, Salnikova E.V. ,   State Institute for Art Studies, Stupin S.S. ,   Russian Academy of Arts, Karpov A.V. ,   Saint Petersburg Stieglitz State Academy of Art and Design, Mutiya N.N. ,   Saint Petersburg Stieglitz State Academy of Art and Design
Published: March 2021

Throughout the centuries, the concept of the vitality of art has been commensurate with the concept of “elevated life”, with the feeling of a special upsurge at the moment of artistic experience, and was seen as a condition for gaining new energy. Today, the high amplitude of the implementation of artistic drama, the acutely presented tragic, undermines the possibili- ties of artistic catharsis. When the art form is shattered by deliberate alogisms, conscious modeling of chaos, attention is sharpened to the in-depth development of the phenomenon of art vitality. The scientific review analyzes the main ideas of the discussion that took place in October 2020 at the State Institute for Art Studies. Being a specialist in aesthetics, Oleg A. Krivtsun has been developing aspects of the phenome- non of art vitality for several years. At a certain stage, other modern researchers, who share an interest in this phenomenon, joined the work on this topic. The discussion on the vitality of art was held at the State Institute for Art Studies and brought together scientists of various specialties from humanitarian universities and research institutions of Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Nizhny Novgorod. The unifying basis of the ‘round table’ was the desire of art historians, musicologists, culturologists, architects, and aestheticians to create a generalizing study devoted to the nature of the vitality of art. The reports of the ‘round table’, given in abridg- ment, are presented in this section as the first collective publication that promotes the writing of a collective monograph.
Early Romantic Aesthetic Theory and Artistic Practice of Benjamin Constant
Authors:   Russian Academy of Sciences, Mankovskaya N.B.
Published: March 2021

The article reconstructs the aesthetics of B. Constant, one of the key figures of the early stage of the formation of French romanticism, the author of one of its first manifestos. The author reveals his aesthetic credo associated with liberalism in his views on society and art, the idea of the self-value of art, its artistic perfection, an increased interest in the national and historical origins of artistic creativity, the local uniqueness, and the character of a romantic hero — sen- sitive, sincere, and at the same time egocentric. It is shown that the vector of Constant’s aesthetic search as one of the creators and theorists of the romantic genres of drama, novel, and novella is directed to the future. He was at the origin of a new direction of French literature — psychological confessional prose. Constant, with his emphasis on the disharmony of the inner world of individuals, deep contrasts between enthusiasm and melancholy, on the one hand, and the sharpened attention to the influence of society on all aspects of human life, including artistic creativity, on the other, not only influenced the next generation of French romantics, but also received a response in Russia in relation to the phenomenon of the “extra person”. His aesthetic theory and artistic practice largely anticipated the tendencies of critical realism in nineteenth-century art and aesthetics.
The Transformation of Classical Order in John Soane’s Architecture
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Groznov O.D.
Published: March 2021

The article provides a new approach to study the oeuvre of an architect-neoclassicist Sir John Soane. This approach is concerned to an original interpretation of architectural order by Soane. Studying the metamorphosis of classical order in Soane’s architecture can help to understand the evolution and particularity of Soane’s individual style and also to define the specific place of this style in the neo-classicist movement. The article describes the development of the architectural order in England (since the 16th century to the beginning of the 19th century) and some specific features of the John Soane’s approach to the application of the architectural order system. The author analyzes different ways of interpretation of the order decoration in the work of John Soane, referring to such buildings as the John Soane House in London (the architect’s Museum now), the Dulwich Picture Gallery and the Bank of England, which was heavily rebuilt in the 20th century, but well-known in its original appearance — from drawings, photographs and descriptions. Other buildings of Soane are also examined in the article. The research is based on two methods — stylistic analysis (of particular buildings and its details) and analysis of historic and cultural aspects of Soane’s work (for better understanding of its theoretical and practical origins and the very reason of its genesis). The preliminary results of the research show that the transformation of classical order’s key elements is going hand in hand with the development of two different phenomena — the style of Soane itself and the situation in European culture of the second part of the 18th century when some significant movements (Neo-classicism, Gothic Revival, etc.) were developing, intersecting and interchanging with one another.
Measurement Report: Impact of African Aerosol Particles on
Cloud Evolution in a Tropical Montane Cloud Forest in the
Caribbean
Authors: Torres-Delgado Elvis , Baumgardner Darrel , Mayol-Bracero Olga L.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. African aerosol particles, traveling thousands of kilometers before reaching the Americas and the Caribbean, directly scatter and absorb solar radiation and indirectly impact climate by serving as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) or ice nuclei (IN) that form clouds. These particles can also affect the water budget by altering precipitation patterns that subsequently affect ecosystems. As part of the NSF-funded Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory, field campaigns were conducted during the summers of 2013, 2014, and 2015 at Pico del Este, a site in a tropical montane cloud forest on the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. Cloud microphysical properties, which included liquid water content, droplet number concentration, and droplet size, were measured. Using products from models and satellites, as well as in-situ measurements of aerosol optical properties, periods of high and low dust influence were identified. The results from this study suggest that meteorology and air mass history have a more important effect on cloud processes than aerosols transported from Africa. In contrast, air masses that arrived after passing over the inhabited islands to the southeast led to clouds with much higher droplet concentrations, presumably due to aerosols formed from anthropogenic emissions.
A decade of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) measurements in the southwestern Baltic Sea
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Schlundt Cathleen , Booge Dennis , Bange Hermann W.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate
(DMSP) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were measured at the Boknis Eck
Time Series Station (BE, Eckernförde Bay, SW Baltic Sea) during the
period February 2009–December 2018. Our results show considerable
interannual and seasonal variabilities in the mixed-layer concentrations of
DMS, total DMSP (DMSPt) and total DMSO (DMSOt). Positive
correlations were found between particulate DMSP (DMSPp) and
particulate DMSO (DMSOp) as well as DMSPt and DMSOt in the
mixed layer, suggesting a similar source for both compounds. The decreasing
long-term trends, observed for DMSPt and DMS in the mixed layer, were
linked to the concurrent trend of the sum of 19′-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin and 19′-butanoyloxy-fucoxanthin, which are
the marker pigments of prymnesiophytes and chrysophytes, respectively. Major
Baltic inflow (MBI) events influenced the distribution of sulfur compounds
due to phytoplankton community changes, and sediment might be a potential
source for DMS in the bottom layer during seasonal hypoxia/anoxia at BE. A
modified algorithm based on the phytoplankton pigments reproduces the
DMSPp : Chl a ratios well during this study and could be used to estimate
future surface (5 m) DMSPp concentrations at BE.
Palaeo-environmental evolution of Central Asia during the Cenozoic: New insights from the continental sedimentary archive of the Valley of Lakes (Mongolia)
Authors: Baldermann Andre , Wasser Oliver , Abdullayev Elshan , Bernasconi Stefano , Löhr Stefan , Wemmer Klaus , Piller Werner E. , Rudmin Maxim , Richoz Sylvain
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The Valley of Lakes basin (Mongolia) contains a unique continental sedimentary archive, suitable for constraining the influence of tectonics and climate change on the aridification of Central Asia in the Cenozoic. We identify the sedimentary provenance, the (post)depositional environment and the palaeo-climate based on sedimentological, petrographical, mineralogical and (isotope) geochemical signatures recorded in authigenic and detrital silicates as well as soil carbonates in a sedimentary succession spanning ~34 to 21 Ma. The depositional setting was characterized by an ephemeral braided river system draining prograding alluvial fans, with episodes of lake, playa or open steppe sedimentation. Metamorphics from the northern adjacent Neoarchean to late Proterozoic hinterlands provided a continuous influx of silicate detritus to the basin, as indicated by K-Ar ages of detrital muscovite (~798-728 Ma) and discrimination function analysis. The authigenic clay fraction is dominated by illite-smectite and “hairy” illite (K-Ar ages: ~34-25 Ma), which formed during coupled petrogenesis and precipitation from hydrothermal fluids originating from major basalt flow events (~32-29 Ma and ~29-25 Ma). Changes in hydroclimate are recorded in δ18O and δ13C profiles of soil carbonates and in silicate mineral weathering patterns, indicating comparatively humid to semi-arid conditions prevailed in the late(st) Eocene, changing into arid conditions in the Oligocene and back to humid to semi-arid conditions in the early Miocene. Aridification steps are indicated at ~34-33 Ma, ~31 Ma, ~28 Ma and ~23 Ma and coincide with some episodes of high-latitude ice sheet expansion inferred from marine deep-sea sedimentary records. This suggests long-term variations of the ocean/atmosphere circulation patterns due to pCO2 fall, re-configurations of ocean gateways and ice-sheet expansion in Antarctica could have impacted the hydroclimate and weathering regime in the basin. We conclude that the aridification in Central Asia was triggered by reduced moisture influx by westerly winds driven by Cenozoic climate forcing and the exhumation of the Tian Shan and Altai mountains and modulate by global climate events.
Evidence for a grounding line fan at the onset of a basal channel under the ice shelf of Support Force Glacier, Antarctica, revealed by reflection seismics
Authors: Hofstede Coen , Beyer Sebastian , Corr Hugh , Eisen Olaf , Hattermann Tore , Helm Veit , Neckel Niklas , Smith Emma C. , Steinhage Daniel , Zeising Ole , Humbert Angelika
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Curvilinear channels on the surface of an ice shelf indicate the presence of large channels at the base. Modelling studies have shown that where these surface expressions intersect the grounding line, they coincide with the likely outflow of subglacial water. An understanding of the initiation and the ice–ocean evolution of the basal channels is required to understand the present behaviour and future dynamics of ice sheets and ice shelves. Here, we present focused active seismic and radar surveys of a basal channel, ∼950 m wide and ∼200 m high, and its upstream continuation beneath Support Force Glacier, which feeds into the Filchner Ice Shelf, West Antarctica. Immediately seaward from the grounding line, below the basal channel, the seismic profiles show an ∼6.75 km long, 3.2 km wide and 200 m thick sedimentary sequence with chaotic to weakly stratified reflections we interpret as a grounding line fan deposited by a subglacial drainage channel directly upstream of the basal channel. Further downstream the seabed has a different character; it consists of harder, stratified consolidated sediments, deposited under different glaciological circumstances, or possibly bedrock. In contrast to the standard perception of a rapid change in ice shelf thickness just downstream of the grounding line, we find a flat topography of the ice shelf base with an almost constant ice thickness gradient along-flow, indicating only little basal melting, but an initial widening of the basal channel, which we ascribe to melting along its flanks. Our findings provide a detailed view of a more complex interaction between the ocean and subglacial hydrology to form basal channels in ice shelves.
Elements of future snowpack modeling – part 1: A physical instability arising from the non-linear coupling of transport and phase changes
Authors: Schürholt Konstantin , Kowalski Julia , Löwe Henning
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The incorporation of vapor transport has become a key demand for snowpack modeling where accompanied phase changes give rise to a new, non-linear coupling in the heat and mass equations. This coupling has an impact on choosing efficient numerical schemes for one-dimensional snowpack models which are naturally not designed to cope with mathematical particularities of arbitrary, non-linear PDE's. To explore this coupling we have implemented a stand-alone finite element solution of the coupled heat and mass equations in snow using FEniCS. We solely focus on the non-linear feedback of the ice phase exchanging mass with a diffusing vapor phase with concurrent heat transport in the absence of settling. We demonstrate that different, existing continuum-mechanical models derived through homogenization or mixture theory yield similar results for homogeneous snowpacks of constant density. For heterogeneous situations in which the snow density varies significantly with depth, we show that phase changes in the presence of temperature gradients give rise to a non-linear advection of the ice phase that amplifies existing density variations. Eventually, this advection triggers a wave instability in the continuity equations. This is traced back to the density dependence of the effective transport coefficients as revealed by a linear stability analysis of the non-linear PDE system. The instability is an inherent feature of existing continuum models and predicts, as a side product, the formation of a low density (mechanical) weak layer on the sublimating side of an ice crust. The wave instability constitutes a key challenge for a faithful treatment of solid-vapor mass conservation between layers, which is discussed in view of the underlying homogenization schemes and their numerical solutions.
Anais do 13º Encontro Brasileiro de Adsorção (EBA)
Authors:   Diana Cristina Silva de Azevedo,   Moisés Bastos-Neto
Published: March 2021

The main objective of the conference is to bring together the scientific, academic and industrial communities related to the Adsorption field in Brazil and abroad, seeking greater interaction between the R&D groups and national/international companies. In addition, the event disseminates the science of Adsorption in the academic and industrial environment, showcasing the latest progress in the area, fostering interaction and networking among researchers in this field.
MODEL UNTUK MENENTUKAN JUMLAH TENAGA KERJA PADA PEMBANGUNAN RUKO MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS REGRESI
Authors: Susilo Nugroho Nadhya , Andini Andini , Erizal Erizal
Published: March 2021

Setiap pelaksanaan pembangunan rumah toko selalu melibatkan sumber daya, diantaranya adalah sumber daya manusia, dan sumber daya manusia diantaranya adalah tenaga kerja konstruksi, dan tenaga kerja proyek konstruksi rumah toko yaitu, mandor, kepala tukang, tukang kayu, tukang batu, tukang besi, tukang listrik serta pekerja. Kurangnya tenaga kerja bisa menimbulkan keterlambatan proyek, dan terlalu banyak tenaga kerja, bisa menurunkan produktifitas kerja dan semua itu bisa menimbulkan kerugian dalam pelaksanaan proyek konstruksi. Agar tidak terjadi kerugian akibat tidak tepat dalam menentukan sumberdaya manusia, kuhusunya tenaga kerja proyek konstruksi, maka perlu diketahui standar jumlah tenaga kerja berdasarkan besar dan kecilnya serta target waktu yang ditentukan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka berapa jumlah tenaga kerja yang dibutuhkan untuk pembangunan rumah toko dengan luas bangunan yang telah ditentukan agar produktivitas tenaga kerja tetap maksimal, dan bagaimana cara menghitung kebutuhan tenaga kerja saat informasi data hanya diketahui rencana luas bangunan. Untuk mengantisipasi permasalahan tersebut maka harus ada model khusus untuk menghitung kebutuhan tenaga kerja pada proyek konstruksi ruko. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini telah menghasilkan model, dan model ini adalah hasil modifikasi penggabungan antara metode konvensional Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI), dan metode Burgeslijke Openbare Werken (BOW), serta metode analisis regresi. Model yang dihasilkan pada penelitian ini khusus untuk menghitung kebutuhan tenaga kerja mandor, kepala tukang, tukang kayu, tukang batu, tukang besi, tukang listrik serta pekerja, pada pembangunan ruko dengan luas bangunan antara 72 m2 sampai dengan 460 m2, dengan jumlah lantai dua dan tiga tingkat. Untuk mengetahui kebutuhan tenaga kerja menggunakan model ini, cukup memasukan variabel luas bangunan, sehingga model ini mudah dan praktis untuk dipergunakan oleh seluruh masyarakat
Gestión para la Producción de biocombustibles 2G: revisión del escenario tecnológico y económico
Authors: Melendez Jesus R. , Velasquez-Rivera Jorge , El Salous Ahmed , Peñalver Alberto
Published: March 2021

Actualmente existe un crecimiento mundial en el consumo de energía y son los biocombustibles la alternativa viable para reducir la dependencia de los combustibles fósiles, minimizar el impacto ambiental negativo e incrementar el uso de fuentes de energía alternativas. El etanol ha sido parte de esta solución, y su producción industrial evoluciona según el tratamiento aplicado a la materia prima. La producción de segunda generación (2G) a partir del material lignocelulósico es una alternativa que promete grandes oportunidades y rendimiento del biocombustible. Sin embargo, el tratamiento de la biomasa es costoso al compararlo con los métodos de producción de primera generación (1G). El objetivo se focalizó en describir los avances tecnológicos y el escenario económico que define la gestión empresarial habilitada para la producción del biocombustible de 2G. La metodología se basó en una revisión sistemática de literatura, con nivel descriptivo. Los resultados enfatizaron que la gestión agro-industrial dirigida a la producción de etanol dependerá de consideraciones relacionadas con la disponibilidad de recursos económicos, tecnológicos, de innovación y de su relación con los stakeholders. Se concluye que en las próximas décadas se logre un mayor desarrollo tecnológico a bajo costo. Por ahora la eficiencia en la producción de etanol 2G y las combinaciones de métodos de producción de etanol 1G-2G pudiera significar un elemento clave para complementar la demanda energética de los países que la requieran.
Motivaciones de empresas turísticas para certificarse en calidad. Evidencia empírica en el Estado de México
Authors: Sánchez-Valdés Arlen , Nava-Rogel Rosa María , Delgado-Cruz Alejandro
Published: March 2021

El objetivo es analizar las motivaciones que inciden en la facilidad de certificarse en calidad de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MIPYMES) turísticas de cinco municipios del Estado de México inscritos en el Programa Pueblos Mágicos: Valle de Bravo, Ixtapan de la Sal, Malinalco, Tepotzotlán y El Oro. Se aplicó una encuesta a 100 MIPYMES y se emplearon como técnicas para el tratamiento de datos la regresión lineal por pasos sucesivos y la modelación de ecuaciones estructurales por covarianzas (CB-SEM). Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que la percepción del turista es la motivación externa con mayor influencia sobre la facilidad de certificación y, ésta a su vez, es determinada por otras motivaciones como el posicionamiento, el apoyo gubernamental y la productividad. Asimismo, se reconoce que las empresas más productivas son aquellas que conocen en qué consiste una certificación, haciendo más fácil que se orienten en las necesidades del mercado y aprovechen los programas públicos de fortalecimiento turístico. Se concluye que una certificación de calidad podría incorporar mejores prácticas de servicio y atención turística, conllevado a las MIPYMES a ser más competitivas.
El naturalismo sensualista en la lógica de Condillac. Una interpretación contemporánea
Authors: Mejía Fernández Ricardo
Published: March 2021

El propósito de este artículo es investigar el naturalismo sensualista en la Lógica del sacerdote y filósofo francés Étienne Bonnot de Condillac (1714-1780). Este autor ha sido muy poco tratado en nuestro idioma; siendo casi inexistente en las revistas de filosofía editadas en Iberoamérica. Este artículo se divide en cuatro partes. Una primera parte, donde quien nos lea encontrará el naturalismo más general como humus de la lógica del abate de Mureaux. En la segunda parte, estudiaremos el porqué del calificativo sensualista que funda esta (meta)lógica y, finalmente, en la tercera parte, cómo articula Condillac las imágenes, géneros, clases y el lenguaje simplificado de una lógica en conformidad con el sistema orgánico sensible del ser humano y con las demás ciencias. Acabaremos este trabajo con nuestras conclusiones sobre cómo Condillac, movido por su pensamiento naturalista y sensualista de fondo, amonestó a la lógica esencialista y sintetista de su tiempo; ensayando su renovación mediante una inusitada sagacidad crítica.
El debate sobre la democracia ateniense en la filosofía política francesa de los años 70 y 80 del siglo XX
Authors: Sarrión Andaluz José
Published: March 2021

El último libro de José Luis Moreno Pestaña ofrece una investigación concienzuda acerca de la recepción e interpretación de la democracia ateniense por parte de un elenco de autores franceses a lo largo de los años 70 y 80 del siglo XX, con especial énfasis en Foucault, Castoriadis y Rancière. Esta obra da cuenta de un modelo de cultura participativa que en un momento histórico dado logró reglamentarse para evitar los vicios tendenciales inherentes a cualquier modelo asambleario. Por otro lado, el libro insiste en la necesidad del reparto del conocimiento y del capital cultural para poder desarrollar una participación política y de carácter democrático. Por último, pone un importante énfasis en la motivación; en la participación frente a la frustración, que es uno de los canales para la falta de participación política y que plantea la necesidad de una reglamentación frente a la oligarquía.
Geopolítica y desarrollo: una mirada a partir del transporte ferrovia-rio en países sudamericanos en el siglo XXI
Authors: Rascovan Alejandro
Published: March 2021

¿Para qué sirve la infraestructura en transporte? ¿Por qué la idea de construir ferrocarriles sigue, en las primeras décadas del siglo XXI, tan presente como hace 150 años? Desde la formación de los Estados-nación modernos en Sudamérica el modelo desarrollo económico/territorial y sus políticas institucionales se encuentran en el centro de los debates políticos. A partir de esta premisa y centrándose en los ferrocarriles internacionales se analizan diversas perspectivas sobre aquellos modelos. La concreción casi nula de líneas internacionales resulta significativa en comparación con el lugar que ocupa en discursos e instituciones internacionales. Con punto de partida en la I Reunión de Presidentes de América del Sur (2000) —y, recorriendo la experiencia de la UNASUR, el MERCOSUR, la IIRSA y el COSIPLAN—, retomamos discursos de gobernantes y otras fuentes institucionales para dar cuenta del estrecho vínculo entre infraestructura ferroviaria y desarrollo y las representaciones geopolíticas que conllevan.
Los pensamientos del indio que se educó dentro de las selvas colombianas y La bola que rodó en el desierto
Authors: Quintín Lame Manuel
Published: March 2021

Manuel Quintín Lame fue el líder indígena colombiano más importante del siglo XX. Nació en 1883 y creció como un siervo de la gleba en una hacienda localizada en los alrededores de Popayán, centro económico y político de la otrora sociedad de amos y hacendados de la provincia del mismo nombre, lideró el primer movimiento de indios contra las relaciones de terraje, una forma de la servidumbre, y por la recuperación de las tierras comunales o resguardos, como se les conoce en Colombia. Construyó un pensamiento político, largamente silenciado. La “Quintiada”, como la forma superior de la resistencia a la disolución de la identidad cultural de los indios y sus ideales políticos son los precursores del movimiento indígena colombiano y latinoamericano contemporáneo.
Comentario. Manuel Quintín Lame: líder e intelectual indígena colombiano del siglo XX
Authors: Castillo Luis Carlos
Published: March 2021

A partir de sus escritos, recogidos en los libros En defensa de mi raza y El indio que bajó de la montaña al valle de la civilización, se presenta en este artículo una aproximación al pensamiento político de Quintín Lame y se reconstruyen las características del movimiento de resistencia indígena que lideró en el centro y sur de Colombia durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX, conocido como la “Quintiada”.