bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF GLOBAL CAPITAL MARKETS IN THE FINANCING OF SHIPPING COMPANIES
Authors:   Odessa National Maritime University, Sorochan Viacheslav
Published: December 2024

The role of the shipping industry in the active development of international trade is growing, which is due to the increase in efficiency and productivity of enterprises of the maritime complex. To meet the world's needs for the transportation of ever-increasing volumes of cargo, shipping companies must modernize and expand their fleet, implement digital technologies, and transform business processes and supply chains. The shipping industry is characterized by high capital intensity, so classic bank loans cannot meet all the needs of shipping companies. Global capital markets are a source of financial resources and play a crucial role in covering the financing deficit of shipping companies.The purpose of the article is to study the role of global capital markets in the financing of shipping companies. In order to achieve this goal, we have created a task: to determine the reasons for the growing need of shipping companies for additional financing with the involvement of global capital markets, to investigate the role of global capital markets in the financing of shipping companies, to conduct an analysis of the ways of attracting financial resources by shipping companies on global capital markets. This article is based on the application of the following research methods: analysis and synthesis, comparison, causality, structuring.The following research results were obtained: the reasons for the entry of shipping companies into the global capital markets were outlined; the direct and indirect influence of global capital markets on the shipping industry is described; it was found that the needs for increasing financing of shipping companies consist of the following factors: expansion and modernization of the fleet, investments in energy efficiency of ships, structuring of debt obligations and refinancing of existing debt, organization of merger and acquisition processes, establishment of effective communication with international investors and counterparties , improvement of own investment strategies, risk protection; the following ways of attracting financial resources by shipping companies on global capital markets are considered: issue of shares, issuance of debt securities, including "green bonds", derivative financial instruments, specific examples of the use of the advantages of these financial instruments by shipping companies are given; the activities of leading shipping companies on the global capital markets, whose shares are the most attractive for investment and bring income to investors, were investigated.
Síndrome de Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser: comunicación de dos casos
Authors: Ayala Céspedes Darwin , Cvetkovic-Vega Aleksandar , Ramírez Cabrera Juan
Published: December 2024

El síndrome de Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (SMRKH) es una patología congénita caracterizadapor aplasia o agenesia de las estructuras que se desarrollan en los conductos mullerianos en mujeresgenotípica y fenotípicamente normales. La prevalencia de este síndrome es incierta. Existen solo dosestudios poblacionales que la evalúan. Presentamos dos casos clínicos, en una adolescente y en unaadulta mayor. Estas pacientes requieren estudios clínicos, epidemiológicos, hormonales eimagenológicos por un equipo multidisciplinario que incluya un psicólogo para apoyar a la pacienteaceptar la situación, así como los planteamientos relacionados a cirugías posteriores y lasconsecuencias en la reproducción.
Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah and the Online Banking System: Implications for Service Delivery
Authors: Bello Nabil , Haque Must. Fahinur , Adeyemi Adewale Abideen , Hasan Aznan
Published: December 2024

One of the Sharīʿah’s requirements in conducting transactions is realising the Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah. The Modern online banking system is very common to everyone, so it is considered as al-ʿUrf or al-ʿādah (common practice or custom) under the Sharīʿah. However, its practice is surrounded with security concerns, ease of use, and trust and cost implications that need observance of some Sharīʿah rulings. This qualitative analytic study uses the framework for the Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah to explicate the ideal practice of online banking in service delivery to realize the Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah. While Islam places more attention on the essential needs, online banking should as well be intended to provide essential services to customers and remove hardship in financial transactions. Banks should hence desist from causing any harm through the charging of hidden fees, causing more confusion to their clients, and even devising deceptive means that lead to the charging of ribā. Instead, banks should use online services to introduce means that promote the realization of the Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah. This paper stresses the importance of financial technology in realising the Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah.
Keywords: Online Banking, Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah, Maṣlaḥah, Islamic Banking, Banking Services
Floating Charge Debenture as Security from Shari'ah Perspective
Authors: Mohd Sharoni Syairazi Muhammad Husni , Hassan Rusni
Published: December 2024

Floating charge debenture is one type of security adopted by the Islamic Banks in Malaysia for non-individual customers. For Islamic banks, it is crucial to ensure that all of their banking products and services are Shari'ah compliant. However, there is no specific ruling from Bank Negara Malaysia on Shari'ah compliance status of floating charge debenture. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to determine the soundness of floating charge debenture as security by Islamic banks in Malaysia from the Shari'ah perspective. This paper adopted a qualitative method that referred to primary and secondary Shari'ah sources, as well as other related sources such as guidelines of Bank Negara Malaysia and Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institution. The paper found that it is permissible for an Islamic bank to accept floating charge debenture from non-individual customers as security with certain conditions. This paper suggests that the Bank Negara Malaysia should issue certain resolution related to this issue to arrange related applications in Islamic banks in Malaysia.
Keywords: Debenture, Floating Charge, Security, Shari'ah Compliance, Islamic Bank
مقاصد الشريعة في الوصية: شركة الصالحين ترستي أنموذجًا
Authors: Awang Abdul Bari , Awang Amilah , Suleiman Hassan , Mahmad Robbi Ahmad Akram , Hanapi Faiz Hatim
Published: December 2024

الوصيّة هدية مال أو منافعه التي تثبت بعد وفاة الموصي. وهي صحيحة بغض النظر عن إيجادها في حالة الصحة أو المرض الأخير. وكانت معروفة قبل مجيء الإسلام، ولكن الإسلام جاء عليها بشروط لم تكن موجودة في الماضي. فقبل الإسلام كان صاحب المال يعصي من ماله وصية لمن يشاء ويحرم من يشاء؛ لذلك لم تكن للوصية قيمة إلى أن جاء الإسلام وأقرَّها بشروط معينة. وقد اقتضت حكمة التشريع الإسلامي مراعاة المصالح العامة للناس في تشريعاته المتعددة؛ لذلك فهو يهدف دائمًا إلى جلب كل ما تحققت فائدته، ودرء كل ما تحققت مفسدته، ومن هذه التشريعات الوصية، وذلك لحاجة الناس إليها. وهذه الورقة تأتي لتجلي مقاصد الوصية؛ حيث إن الشارع لم يغلق باب الخير ولم يمنع تدارك ما فات، فأجاز للعباد الوصية في جزء من مالهم ليعوّضوا ذلك التقصير، وليكون زيادة في حسناتهم قبل انقضاء آجالهم. ويظهر هذا المقصد للوصية من خلال نشاطات شركة الصالحين ترستي.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الوصية، مقاصد الشريعة، شركة الصالحين ترستي، المصلحة.
Employees’ Shariah Provident Fund in Malaysia: A Juristic Analysis
Authors: Hanafi Khalil Husni , Mohd Sawari Mohd Fuad , Dolah Hanafi
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this article is to analyze the experience of the Employees’ Provident Fund or EPF in the management of the Shariah Fund and the jurisprudential adaptation of its activities and investments. This article selects the EPF in Malaysia as a model for analysis as a successful financial project. This article uses both inductive and analytical approaches to achieve its objectives. Malaysia's Shariah Retirement Savings Fund for workers needs to develop Shariah-compliant investment methods to achieve the objective of investing the savings of contributing members with a good financial return so that the members’ financial assets in the fund will increase. The article reveals that the Malaysian Workers’ Provident Pension Fund was developed on the wakālah (agency) contract which matches the nature of the fund's activities with its rich, flexible and secure features.
Keywords: Employees Provident Fund, Shariah Saving Account, Jurisprudence Adaptation, Wakālah Contract.
The Effect and Applications of the Legal Maxim Custom is an Arbitrator in Iraqi Civil Law: An Analytical Study
Authors: Mustafa Ismael Ardawan , Ali Arif Arif
Published: December 2024

The legal maxims are an integral part of Islamic jurisprudence. These maxims combine the various issues of jurisprudence, from different sections and diverse topics, so that the particulars (al-juz’iyyāt) are referred to the universals (al-kulliyyāt) and the branches (al-furūʿ) to the basic principles (al-uṣūl). Hence, the research seeks to clarify the impact of a major Islamic legal maxim which is “Custom is an arbitrator” in the Iraqi civil law, using the inductive, analytical and descriptive methods. The research has shown that since this maxim and other maxims branching from it have been mentioned and referred to in the law, these maxims therefore have profoundly affected Iraqi civil law. Then, the study reviews the most prominent articles of the Iraqi civil law which are applications of this major maxim and its subsidiary maxims, especially in the selling and buying, lease, sharecropping contract and work contract. The research concludes that the Islamic legal maxim “Custom is an arbitrator” and its subsidiary maxims influenced the Iraqi civil law and made it strong in its formulation and articles. This research recommends the codifiers and decision-makers of the Islamic world to return to the wellspring of Islamic legal maxims and use them in codifying laws in various spheres of life.
Neo-Ijtihād In The Modern Legal Studies: A Case Study of Al-Qaraḍāwī’s Concept of Neo-Ijtihād
Authors: Adekunle Adegoke Kazeem
Published: December 2024

Shaykh Yūsuf ʿAbd Allah al-Qaraḍāwī is a notable erudite Islamic legist (faqīh) in the contemporary Islamic world of the fifteenth century after Hijrah. His rich and wide scholarship and intelligibility have immensely benefitted the Muslim world. He is, most of the time, a controversial scholar as a result of his preference of situational Neo-Ijtihād to traditional juristic approaches of medieval legists. This has indeed created an interesting landmark in the contemporary development of various areas of Islamic law and jurisprudence which calls for thorough research. The objective of this paper is to examine the opinion of al-Qaraḍāwī on neo-Ijtihād. This study explores the legal position of Ijtihād and Neo-Ijtihād in the contemporary Islamic legal system and al-Qaraḍāwī’s approach to the necessity, methodology and employment of Neo-Ijtihād in the modern day Islamic legal theory. He premises this on a certain legal assumption of Tajdīd al-Fiqh. The research methods used in this study are expository, descriptive and analytical. This research paper concludes that the situational jurisprudential issues should be better handled by contemporary seasoned Islamic jurists who are fully aware of the situation and circumstances surrounding the issues in relation to time and place. Also, the researcher maintains that this paper could be used as a reference to prove that contemporary jurisprudential issues are limited by time and are geographically binding, and thus medieval juristic materials would be lacking in addressing them.
Examining the Feasibility of Waqf (Islamic Endowment)-based Takaful Model from the Malaysian Legal Perspective
Authors: Megat Laksana Nan Noorhidayu , Che Mohd Salleh Marhanum , Che Embi Nor Azizan
Published: December 2024

In 2004, the State Islamic Religious Council (SIRC) in Malaysia stated their concern on jurisdiction pertaining to control of state waqf assets, which were different among the states in Malaysia. Based on discussions with the legal experts, they have proposed the adoption of the agency principle in order to cater to the issue of control over the waqf fund. This study discusses the feasibility of waqf (Islamic endowment)-based takāful products to be practiced in Malaysia by considering the opinions of SIRC and legal experts in the industry. In order to achieve the research objective, this research adopts a qualitative methodology and focus group discussions with the SIRC representatives and legal experts. Overall, it is found that all respondents have agreed with the proposed waqf-based takāful model as it has special values that may inculcate the culture of brotherhood in society as this concept encourages people to give something to others without receiving any financial return. This study contributes to the discussion of the feasibility of waqf (endowment) principle to be introduced in the takāful products from the legal perspective.
Environmental Development and Its Human Pathways in the Holy Quran
Authors: Fathy Mohamed Eletrebi Mahamed , Sulaimen Hassan , Awang Abdul Bari , ElBishrAli Haassan Elsayid Makki
Published: December 2024

The Maqāsid vision is founded on the ratiocination (at-Taʿlīl), the interest (al-Maṣlaḥah) and the consequence of actions (al-Ma’ālāt); and the jurisprudence of urbanism with the explanation of its related legal rulings is a priority that is important in achieving urbanization and showing its impact and its role in developing the environment in the light of the purposes of Sharī‘ah, which depends on the human being with its creative abilities and capabilities, hence there comes the importance of this paper. For the research problem: The paper answers a set of questions, most notably: What is the meaning of jurisprudence of urbanism? What is its role in environmental development? What are the foundations of urbanism and what are its human pathways in the Noble Qur’an? How do the purposes of Shariah draw a legislative structure that serves both people and structures? And on the research methodology: the researcher has followed the inductive (partial) analytical descriptive approach. This research consists of an introduction, a preface, two subtopics, a conclusion, and a list of the most prominent sources and references, which as follows: the introduction: on the importance of the topic, the reason for its choice, literature reviews, the research problem, its methodology and the proposed plan. The first subtopic of the research is for the terminology’s definitions, and the second subtopic is about environmental development and its relationship with human beings, while the third one concerns the foundations of development in the light of the Holy Quran.
The Concept of the Child in Islamic law, International Covenants and Nigerian Law: A Comparative Study
Authors: Abeebllahi Obalowu Issah , Yusuf Bolanle Basirat
Published: December 2024

This research deals with the concept of the child in Islamic law, international covenants and Nigerian law, and the consequent matters. So, the research presents the concept of the child from these three perspectives in order to compare them and determine the places of the agreement and disagreement, and what should be considered and what deserves a response for violating the principles of Islam. The research depends on the qualitative approach for collecting information from its original sources, then studying and analyzing it. The results of the research show that comparing the age of maturity or the end of childhood - as stated in international covenants and Nigerian law - with the concept of puberty in Islam shows its contradiction with Islamic principles. This is because the age of maturity is often understood before the age of eighteen. If this age is considered a dividing line between childhood and adulthood, then this leads to omit many religious responsibilities. This is because a child becomes legally responsible for performing all acts of worship and responsible for all shortcomings from the time he reaches puberty, which often occurs before the age of eighteen. Therefore, the time of puberty set by the Lawgiver (Allah SWT) must be considered, especially in the obligations of legal responsibility. But if we stipulate the child’s entitlement to exercise some social rights at the age of 18 years, there is no problem with that in the eyes of Islam as long as there is public interest in it.
Methods of Investing Endowed Money at the Organization of ACT and Analyzing them from the Perspective of Islamic Jurisprudence
Authors: Akbar Kieren , Karim Fatimah
Published: December 2024

One of the functions of the endowment overseer (nāẓir) is to preserve and build the endowment assets, collect their proceeds and give them to those who are entitled, and all of this is achieved if the overseer exerts his utmost effort in the operations of investing endowment yields. These operations must be in line with Islamic jurisprudence and lead to achieving the purpose of the endowers in the continuity of reward, and the delivery of cash endowment proceeds to the beneficiaries. Through this article, the researchers want to explain the methods of investing and evaluating the funds endowed with the organization of ACT, and to ascertain the extent to which these operations are compatible with Islamic jurisprudence. The researchers relied on the inductive approach to collect information, data and details with regards to investment methods, and on the analytical approach to analyze and evaluate investment methods from a jurisprudential point of view. The researchers also conducted a field study by interviewing officials in this organization in order to ensure that the practices are compatible with Islamic jurisprudence. The research revealed that the method of collecting endowed money is related to the form of investing endowed money, and that the division of endowment assets into productive and non-productive helps the overseer (nāẓir) in choosing the appropriate form of investment of endowed money, and that investment methods are divided into two basic methods: commercial endowments and agricultural endowments.
The Principle of Restricting the Ruler’s Authority in Islamic Jurisprudence: Its Foundations, Nature and Objectives
Authors: Alsayed Muhammad Najib
Published: December 2024

The principle of restricting State power is one of the most important constitutional principles in the modern state system. This study aims to show the foundations on which this principle is based, the types of restrictions, and their objectives, all from the point of view of Islamic jurisprudence. This research followed the descriptive approach by tracking the texts of jurists related to the subject and analyzing them in order to reach the desired results. The research concluded that the principle of restricting the ruler’s authority is based on three foundations, i.e., Allah has the absolute authority above everyone else, the authority originally belongs to the ummah, and that there is a contractual obligation between the ummah and the ruler. Also, this research concluded that the restrictions on the authority of a ruler has different forms: legal and moral restrictions, contractual restrictions, and restrictions based on the benefit of ummah. Likewise, the research concluded that the effectiveness of this principle is in the religious and worldly responsibility of the ruler and in the right of the ummah to monitor the ruler and to hold him accountable through the Shūrā council. The purpose of considering this principle is to stay under the sovereignty of Allah Almighty first, as He is the absolute ruler, and then to respect the ummah as they have the rightful authority essentially, and the ruler is only a representative of it.
Ṣadaqah (Charity) Attitudes of Muslims During COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: An Interpretative Phenomenology
Authors: Busari Saheed Abdullahi , Sitiris Miszairi , Adebiyi Jelili Adegboyega
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered global disruption, with many casualties recorded across different socio-economic groups. The surge seems to have affected vulnerable people more with the closure of most businesses and socio-economic activities. Despite significant government efforts to maintain lockdown order, vulnerable people from the B-40 community appear to have found it challenging to comply because of their inability to cater to their basic needs. The majority of the B-40 community with livelihood activities that require regular physical presence have difficulties accessing work and stores. Despite the government and non-governmental intervention packages for the vulnerable people, certain individuals have also volunteered in charity donations and distribution of basic socio-economic needs and health relief packages during the lockdown, but little is known about the Ṣadaqah attitude of Malaysians during the lockdown. This study explores the Ṣadaqah (charity) attitudes of Muslims during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown to cater to the basic needs of the vulnerable members of society. This study employs the interpretative phenomenology approach of the qualitative method to analyze the semi-structured interview data. This study found that despite the anecdotal evidence suggesting that many people may be discouraged from giving Ṣadaqah due to socio-economic challenges during the COVID-19 lockdown, religiosity and psychological motivations have propelled many Ṣadaqah givers towards alleviating the socio-economic challenges of the vulnerable people. The analysis shows that the challenges of limited income and restricted socio-economic activities do not prevent some Malaysians from donating Ṣadaqah during the pandemic lockdown. The study recommends overarching government policy for an effective and transparent standard operation of the Ṣadaqah activities during emergencies.
Transfer of Guardian’s Authority of Marriage to the Hand of the Judge: A Jurisprudential Field Study in the Marriage of Some Malaysians in Southern Thailand
Authors: Thaokloy Rushdy , Sitiris Miszairi , Muhammad Husni Ahmad
Published: December 2024

The study aims to discuss the topic of " Transfer of guardian’s authority of marriage to the hand of the judge: a jurisprudential field study in the marriage of some Malaysians in southern Thailand." This is due to a trend among Malaysian Muslims to marry by transferring the guardianship to the Judge as they travel outside the country with the intention of transferring the right of guardianship of marriage from their guardians to the Judge and seek his services in concluding the marriage contract. This marriage, in which the guardian is purposefully absent, violates the right of the guardian of lineage to give his ward in marriage. It also violates what the majority of the scholars from the past and present held, that the guardian is a requirement for the validity of a marriage. Southern Thailand is considered one of the most desirable destinations and one of the primary options for many Malaysians who want to marry in this manner. Therefore, the authors decided to study the ruling about the marriage of Malaysians with the intention of abandoning the right of the guardian of lineage to give his ward in marriage and transferring it to the ruler in southern Thailand. The authors employed inductive and analytical approaches. The authors carried out a field study by conducting personal interviews to learn about the opinions of some scholars, judges, lawyers, muftis, and academic experts from the relevant area. The authors have divided the research topic into two primary components; the first part highlights the concept of transfer of marriage guardianship from an Islamic juristic perspective; while the second part investigates the reasons that contribute to the spread of this ugly phenomenon in Malaysian society and proposes some solutions to address this issue. One of the most important findings of this study is that this phenomenon is one of the factors causing the destruction of family relationships in particular, and the moral value system of society in general.
Issues and Concerns of Zakāh Management in Bangladesh: A Way Forward from an E-Zakāh Perspective
Authors: Aziz Abu Hamid , Amanullah Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Zakāh is considered as one of the fundamental pillars of Islam and an important Islamic financial concept. Zakāh plays a significant and critical role in addressing poverty and inequality in Muslim communities. However, implementation of effective, and successful Zakāh management poses significant challenges in many countries, including Bangladesh. This study aims to identify the challenges associated with Zakāh management in Bangladesh and explore the implementation of the E-Zakāh application in terms of its proper collection and distribution. Through a deeper understanding of the literature review and analysis of available accessible data, the study identifies several significant deficiencies and major shortcomings in the Zakāh administration including lack of transparency and accountability, inadequate infrastructure, limited awareness and education, ineffective monitoring and evaluation systems, and inefficient collection and distribution mechanisms. This study uses an analytical and descriptive method to examine the challenges in Zakāh administration in Bangladesh. By adopting a qualitative research approach, this study aims to gain an in-depth understanding of these challenges and propose solutions. Furthermore, the article proposes a broad strategy for the effective implementation of E-Zakāh that includes the establishment of technological infrastructure, regulatory reform, capacity building, and public awareness campaigns. Finally, the present study contributes to the existing literature by clarifying the obstacles and opportunities of the Zakāh administration in Bangladesh and proposes a viable solution through the adoption of E-Zakāh. By utilising the endless possibilities of technological advances, the proposed strategy could improve the impact of Zakāh, stimulate socio-economic growth, and empower marginalised communities in Bangladesh.
The Impact of the Ten Qirā’āt Mutawātirah on Jurists’ Disagreements in Sharīʿah Rulings
Authors: Suleiman Hassan , Zakaria Mohd Sabri
Published: December 2024

There is no doubt that the ten different forms of qirā’āt mutawātirah themselves are a source of Islamic law because they are connected to the Holy Qur’ān, hence this article explores how they can have an impact on the difference of opinions of jurists. Therefore, when determining the legitimacy of Sharīʽah law, these 10 qirā’āt are accepted by uṣūlī scholars, jurists, ḥadīth scholars, and ’a’immah of the Islamic schools of law. But beside these ten, there are three extra rare (shādhdhah) qirā’āt, i.e. the qirā’ah of al-Ḥasan al- Baṣrī, Ibn Muḥayṣin al- Makkī, and Sulaymān al- A’mash; and also there are some qirā’āt used by some of the Prophet’s Companions. Due to their lack of fulfilling the conditions of the qirā’ah mutawātirah, the majority of scholars are in the favor of not practicing according to them because they maintain that they aren’t the Qur’ān. Al-Bannā al-Dimyāṭī further noted that usūliyyūn and jurists have consensus that the qirā’ah shādhdhah does not belong to the Qur’ān. Thus, it is essential to write on this topic and adhere to the practical examples of the ten qirā’āt of the Qur’ān without the rare ones. The problem of this study revolves around the impact of the differences between the qirā’āt, as the difference between any two qirā’āt mutawātirah may have a jurisprudential impact and be a reason for the disagreement of scholars on many legal issues, in which it may be difficult for fiqh students to know the cause of the dispute. This is because of lack of knowledge or unfamiliarity with the qirā’āt. So, this article helps to shed some light on the subject. The researchers followed the inductive-analytical approach by extrapolating the Qur’ānic qirā’āt and collecting their examples as much as possible. But it is a partial extrapolation as it clarifies and presents some examples only. This is because of the limitations of the research paper. The study came to several conclusions, including: the Qur’ānic 10 qirā’āt are one of the most crucial methods for extrapolating rulings from the Qur’ānic texts, and as such, they have a considerable bearing on the divergent opinions of jurists about Sharīʽah rulings. The ten qirā’āt of the Qur’ān are authentic and have been transmitted in a direct line from the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). The article urges experts in qirā’āt, Qur’ānic science, and Sharīʽah scholars to promote and disseminate these 10 categories of qirā’āt among Muslims because according to the opinions of the scholars, they are all parts of the Qur’ān.
The Roots of Relationship Between Shāfiʽī and Ashʽarī and Their Implication on Uṣūlī Thought: A Historical Analysis
Authors: Salhab Belal B. S.
Published: December 2024

It is evident that the name of Abū al-Ḥasan ʽAlī bin Ismāʽīl al-Ashʽarī is related with the School of Islamic law of Imām Muḥammad bin Idrīs al-Shāfiʽī in many places and circumstances. It is also evident that most of the teachers of Imām Ashʽarī belong to the Shafiʽī School of thought. Simultaneously, several biographers and historians also attributed Imām Ashʽarī to Shafiʽī School of thought while scrutinizing the schools of Islamic Jurisprudence and Uṣūl al-Fiqh. Hence, this study aims to elaborate the reality of the relationship between Imām Ashʽarī and Imām Shafiʽī and explain similarities and differences between them along with the impacts that led to uṣūlī discourse. It is imperative to mention that it is hard to find a clear academic view exploring Ashʽarī’s uṣūlī contribution and its roots that were connected to Imām Shafiʽī in the history and how Imām Shafiʽī influenced this personality (i.e. Ashʽarī) who is considered as an incredible Islamic scholar. In doing so, the researcher will employ the inductive method in identifying the roots of the relationship between these two imāms scattered in the books of Uṣūl al-Fiqh and biographies of scholars. Furthermore, the researcher will employ the analytical method to figure out the fundamental factors of this relationship. Therefore, this study will organise the chapters and parts of this relationship through making comparison between two of them and elaborating their similarities and discrepancies. The article further analysed the developments that took place in uṣūlī thought from the era of Imām Shāfiʽī to the Shāfiʽī scholars whom Ashʽarī met or learned from, down to his uṣūlī thought. Through all of this, the researcher arrived at a clearer picture of the truth regarding the madhhab and uṣūlī thought of Imām Ashʽarī, along with whether, to a certain extent, his uṣūlī thoughts were compatible with that of Imām Shāfiʽī or not.
Synonymity According to Uṣūlī Scholars and Its Jurisprudential Effects: A Study of Its Application and Origination
Authors: Almujahed Muhammad Said
Published: December 2024

The research aims to identify the uṣūlī meaning of synonymity, so it provides the origin of its maxims, then brings together the branches of jurisprudence that arose based on those maxims. The issue of synonymity is one of the uṣūlī linguistic issues, which has jurisprudential branches, and from here lies the problem of the research. It is summarized into identifying the meaning of synonymity from uṣūlī and juristic perspectives. The research came to answer the following questions: what are the linguistic and terminological meanings of synonymity? What are the opinions of linguists and uṣūlī scholars regarding its occurrence in the language, the Qur’ān, the Sunnah, and the jurisprudential industry? What are its causes and types? What are the uṣūlī maxims of synonymity and what are their practical implications? The research used inductive, analytical and descriptive approaches. It reached several conclusions, the most important of them are: that linguistically tarāduf (synonymity) is: succession of one thing, and murādif (synonym) is successive; as an uṣūlī term, it is the indication (dalālah) of two or more single words to one meaning according to one consideration; and the preferable view is that synonymity is possible and it occurs in the Arabic language, while it did not occur in the Holy Qur’ān, unlike the Sunnah of the Prophet and the jurisprudential industry. There are many reasons for synonymity. One of them is the multiplicity of Arabic dialects, if it was created by two originators. However, if it was created by one originator, then it has other reasons such as phonetic development, misrepresentation, distortion, and others. And it (synonymity) occurs in the language, law, and customs. The scholars have agreed that each of the two synonymous words takes the place of the other. In the case of synonymous combinations, the preferable view is that it also occurs (in Arabic language), such as nikāḥ and zawāj indicate a contract of permissibility (ibāḥah) of a woman for a man; and such as bayʽ, tamlīk and jaʽl, which indicate the transfer of ownership of a thing to another. One of the uṣūlī maxims of synonymity (tarāduf) is that it is not permissible to use the synonymous word for the opening takbīr of ṣalāh while being able to pronounce Allāh Akbar, whether in Arabic or other languages. However, in case of inability, then it is permissible. As for the rest of the prayer remembrances (adhkār) other than the opening takbīr, there has been a disagreement among the jurists regarding them. According to some of them, it is permissible, and according to others, there are further conditions and details (that must be fulfilled). And finally, the synonymity (tarāduf) is contrary to the basic rule (aṣl).
Methods of Calculation for Solving the Issues of Obligatory Will: An Inductive, Analytical and Comparative Study
Authors: Akram Saeed Shireen
Published: December 2024

The research aims to highlight the way of calculation of obligatory will and how to estimate its quantity, since the Arab laws that established this will do not clarify the extraction method of its calculation. Rather, they restrict the one who extracts it with three restrictions mostly agreed by all laws. Therefore, the paper depends on an inductive, analytical, and comparative approach to the Arab laws which legalized provisions of the obligatory will. Consequently, it is found that there are five methods for extraction which are authorized by Egyptian law, Syrian law, Iraqi law, and Yemeni law. Other Arab countries follow the mentioned laws in their calculation. The reason for the diversity and the differences in the solution despite agreement on the principles and restrictions returns to the basis of the method of calculating this will. Thus, they went in two directions, the first one makes it a simulation of an optional will, while the other one makes it a simulation of inheritance. To recap, most of these methods pose issues and problems when applied in the real world. Besides, this paper found that the Egyptian method which is applied in the courts nowadays is the closest calculation approach to the concept of legitimate optional will with one exception of the binding quality acquired by the force of law. If the law has obligated the heirs to do so, then at least the method of dissolving it should be similar to the method approved by the jurists in their jurisprudential sources.
Importance of Maqāṣid of Waqf in the Contemporary Jurisprudential Ijtihad: A Forward-looking Analytical Study in Afghanistan
Authors: Salim Abdul Salam , Ghalia Bouhedda , Amanullah Muhammad
Published: December 2024

The significance of waqf, with its jurisprudential nature, economic format, and maqasidic formulation, serves as a key tool in advancing Islamic social finance within the contemporary Islamic financial system. This importance is reflected in various global experiences, and Afghanistan is striving to follow suit. This study aims to unveil the higher Sharīʿah objectives (Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah) of the waqf system and their significance in contemporary waqf related ijtihad. Examining the maqasidic dimension of the waqf system is one of the most crucial discussions in the evolution of waqf in our present era, alongside jurisprudential, legal, and economic studies. The study employed a qualitative method, using inductive and analytical approaches to establish and regulate the concept of waqf related Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah and their associated foundational issues. This was done to establish the legal foundations of waqf and to analyze its current state and development prospects in Afghanistan. The study concluded with several findings and recommendations. Most important of them are numerous Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah have been achieved through waqf, while others are hindered by current challenges in Afghanistan; the development of specific Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah of waqf requires legal regulations that meet the demands of the modern era. It is recommended to establish a specialized body in Afghanistan dedicated to waqf affairs, relying on scientific centers, and jurisprudential, legal, and economic expertise, as well as contemporary global experiences.
EVALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES CONTRIBUTIONS ON URBAN FORESTS IN KUALA LUMPUR
Authors: Abdul Samad Iman Athira , Baharuddin Zainul Mukrim , Md Jani Haza Hanurhaza
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the benefits of urban forests, focusing on the Kuala Lumpur Forest Eco Park (KLFEP), the world's oldest virgin forest, as a solution to the city's enduring challenges with urban risks and pollution. Through an analysis of ecosystem services, including supporting, regulating, provisioning, and cultural services, the research evaluates the contributions of KLFEP. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) achieved by urban forests are identified, with contextual insights drawn from document analysis of the Kuala Lumpur Structure Plan 2040 (KLSP2040), SDGs 2030, and related studies. Additionally, semi-structured interviews with professionals provide further perspectives on urban forest benefits and achievable SDGs. Thematic analysis is used to examine qualitative data. The findings reveal that KLFEP offers a healthy habitat, a diverse tree population, and air purification, enhancing regulating and supporting services. Its unique flora and fauna contribute to nutrient cycling, biological control, and provisioning services.
Moreover, Kuala Lumpur benefits significantly from recreation and ecotourism opportunities provided by KLFEP, contributing to cultural services. The study underscores the importance of urban forests, particularly KLFEP, as sustainable solutions to Kuala Lumpur's challenges. It aims to increase awareness about prioritising urban forests in development plans to protect remaining forest patches. Raising awareness among authorities and society about the significance of urban forests is crucial for informing landscape architecture planning and decision-making, ensuring the consideration of all urban forest benefits.
ENHANCING DAYLIGHT IN DEEP-PLAN OFFICES FOR NIGERIA'S TROPICAL CLIMATE: A LIGHT PIPE APPROACH
Authors: Mukhtar Faruk Ibrahim , Salisu Abubakar Sadiq , Salihu Murtala Muhammad
Published: December 2024

This research addresses the challenge of maximising daylight provision in deep-plan office buildings in Nigeria's tropical wet and dry climate. It investigates the effectiveness of horizontal light pipes at 5m, 10m, and 15m, employing a mixed-method approach that combines case studies and computer simulations.
The study utilises Climate Studio for Rhinoceros 3D as the simulation tool to assess light distribution uniformity and illuminance levels in deep-plan offices. Statistical analysis includes applying ANOVA tests to ascertain the significance of differences between various light pipe configurations. Findings reveal that the 10m light pipe configuration consistently outperforms the 5m and 15m options, providing superior uniformity of light distribution and higher illuminance levels, thereby maximising daylight provision.
The study recommends the 10m light pipe configuration as optimal for maximising daylight provision in deep-plan office buildings within Nigeria's tropical wet and dry climate.
EVALUATION OF MAQASID SHARIAH PRINCIPLES IN INSTITUTIONAL WORK ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Hussaini Payam Nematullah , Aripin Srazali Bin , Yusof Zeenat Begam
Published: December 2024

This research aim to explore the link between a safe work environment and its Impact on employees’ well-being, focusing on the principles of Maqasid Shariah. Utilizing insights from previous literature, the research objectives are to identify the current criteria of the work environment and assess how the criteria contribute to ensuring the safety and well-being of employees, to analyse how Maqasid Shariah principles are applied in work environment to enhance employees’ privacy and well-being, considering factors such as Visual Comfort and Acoustic Sensory and to provide recommendations for creating a conducive work environment aligned with Maqasid Shariah's principles. This research evaluates employee perceptions of their current work environments and their impact on performance and well-being, aiming to improve work environments to encourage productivity while maintaining Islamic values of safety and privacy. The findings collected successfully provided input on the influence of Visual Comfort and Acoustic Sensory factors towards the overall experience of office space, particularly in addressing privacy concerns. Recommendations derived from the findings aim to create a conducive work environment aligned with Maqasid Shariah's principles.
MAPPING FUNCTIONAL ATTACHMENT ALONG TRADITIONAL STREET AT LEBUH ARMENIAN, GEORGE TOWN, PULAU PINANG
Authors: Syed Mohamad Sharifah Mariana , Nizarudin Norhanis Diyana , Md Jani Haza Hanurhaza
Published: December 2024

Rapid development and urbanisation in Malaysia have permanently altered the structure and character of traditional streets. Modern buildings have significantly affected these streets, shifting individuals’ preferences from outdoor to indoor shopping. This study aims to assess users’ functional attachment of traditional street at Lebuh Armenian, George Town by examining the activities and the street physical features. To achieve this, the study adopted systematic observation with behaviour mapping as the primary data collection method. The results show that the contributing factors such as place engagement, street familiarity, dependency, satisfaction, and physical comfort play crucial roles in forming strong emotional connections and reinforcing individuals’ attachment and sense of identity with traditional street. These results highlight the intricate relationship between emotional and functional factors that maintain the vitality and cultural significance of this street. Ultimately, the study provides insights into the factors influencing place attachment to traditional street and offers practical suggestions for enhancing and preserving these urban spaces. It underscores the importance of balancing functional and emotional attachments to create lively and culturally rich urban environments.
UNDERSTANDING THE MULTI-FUNCTIONAL NATURE OF PUBLIC OPEN SPACE, A CASE STUDY AT KLCC PARK, KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA
Authors: Muhammad Asyraf Aizat Kapeli , Abdul Malek Nurhayati
Published: December 2024

Public open spaces are essential in urban areas, performing various functions and services that benefit individuals and communities. This paper examines the multi-functionality of his KLCC Park public open space in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. KLCC Park is a vast, well-kept park in the heart of Kuala Lumpur. Recreational facilities within the park include playgrounds, jogging trails, and lakes. Picnics, family gatherings and cultural activities are also common here.  This study aims to delve into the multi-functional nature of public open spaces and elucidate the importance of nature in creating a harmonious relationship between humans and their environment.  The main objective is to investigate the relationship between public open space and the muti-functionality of nature; the second is to comprehend nature’s significance in public open spaces and its impact on human well-being; and finally, the third objective is to suggest the incorporation of nature elements in the design and planning of public open spaces to optimise their functionality and enhancing user’s overall satisfaction.  The research results will help develop a more evidence-based urban planning and design approach. The article argues that public spaces should be constructed and managed to benefit individuals and communities maximum. Additionally, this contribution emphasises the importance of incorporating natural elements into the design and planning of public open spaces.
A GEOSPATIAL FRAMEWORK FOR SELF-SUSTAINING URBAN METABOLISM IN SOUTH TANJUNG DUREN AREA, WEST JAKARTA
Authors: Juliana Audrey , Nadia Adli , Fireza Doni
Published: December 2024

Urban metabolism plays a crucial role in shaping the sustainable development of regions since it relates to how resources are consumed, transformed, and disposed of dynamically. In an increasingly urbanized world, effective regional planning is essential to address challenges such as resource depletion, environmental degradation, and socio-economic issues. This study aims to create an implementation framework for urban metabolism in South Tanjung Duren, West Jakarta, selected as part of a larger urban metabolism model. The research introduces a practical approach for urban designers, architects, and local authorities to establish self-sustaining urban areas. The methodology consists of two stages. In the first stage, the study thoroughly assesses the object of the study. This includes profiling the essential aspects of the object study, environmental impact assessments, mapping material and energy flows, and categorizing groups to optimize urban metabolism. Findings from this stage shape the second stage, which uses urban infill strategies via four approaches: Collecting Resources, Creating Biotopes, Channeling Energy, and Catalyzing. These strategies are simulated on the study site to analyze flows of goods, people, waste, biota, energy, food, water, sand, clay, and air, creating a geospatial framework for self-sustaining urban metabolism. The findings underscore that South Tanjung Duren has strong potential for implementing an urban metabolism framework, with simulations revealing increased resource efficiency, effective waste reduction, improved green space, and minimized environmental impact. This framework not only enhances resource optimization and environmental protection but also fosters sustainable development, positioning South Tanjung Duren as a replicable model for resilient, self-sustaining urban neighborhoods.
A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW ANALYSIS ON ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION IN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVES: MAPPING TRENDS
Authors: Ibrahim Illyani , Asmawi M Zainora , Ahmad Sarkawi Azila
Published: December 2024

An environmental crisis is critical as it hurts the ecological, physical, and spiritual aspects.  An extensive ecological and spiritual is necessary to comprehend this issue. The purpose of this study is to review the plethora of studies on environmental conservation from an Islamic perspective. This study uses a bibliometric analysis using RStudio to analyse the current research stream and assess trends in this topic. A total of 451 publications were retrieved from the Scopus database to reveal the knowledge structure of the past, current and future trends by assessing the most influential past publication, determining the structure of the co-cited publications and evaluating trends for future studies, historical development, keyword, citation and co-citation, institutions, and country-wise analyses were performed. The study produced three ground-breaking research streams evaluated using bibliometric analyses: environment protection studies and sustainable development from an Islamic perspective, economics protection from an Islamic perspective and issues of environmental problems, socioeconomic and religion towards Islamic perspectives. The outcome would facilitate future scholars linking this topic to environmental conservation.