bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Partners’ Age Difference and Marital Dissolution in Italy. A Cohort Comparison
Authors: Corti Giulia , Bellani Daniela , Guarneri Antonella , Rinesi Francesca
Published: October 2024

Among the factors related to marital disruption, age assortative mating (who marries whom in terms of age) has received less attention than others. In this study, we study the association between partners’ age difference and marital disruption in Italy, a late-comer country in divorce legislation and highly conservative in its culture and institutions. We also show how this association varies across marriage cohorts. We employ data from “Families, social subjects and life cycle” (FSS), collected in 2016 by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istat). We analyse micro-level retrospective information on first-marriage histories between the 1970s and the 1990s through an event-history approach. Results show that age hypogamous couples (where the woman is older than the man) have a higher likelihood of marital disruption compared to couples where the wife is the same age or younger than her husband. However, this higher risk reduces among the youngest cohorts. We discuss the possible drivers of this change in light of cultural changes that occurred in recent decades.
* This article belongs to a special issue on “Changes in Educational Homogamy and Its Consequences”.
Un movimiento de securitización de los “recursos naturales estratégicos” en Suramérica. integralidad y regionalidad en UNASUR.
Authors: Verdes-Montenegro Francisco Javier
Published: October 2024

Frente a la escasez que se proyecta de muchos recursos naturales que atesoran países suramericanos, a través de la Unión de Naciones Suramericanas y su Consejo de Defensa Suramericano, algunos actores optaron por intentar securitizarlos desde una perspectiva regional. Este trabajo pretende profundizar en el movimiento de securitización de los recursos naturales estratégicos que se puso en marcha durante la primera década de recorrido de este organismo suramericano (2008-2018). Así, gracias al modelo de las “3P´s” de Leonard y Kaunert, se analiza cómo se planteó el problema, qué alternativas se propusieron y qué nivel de negociación política se desplegó. Todo ello, en un contexto marcado por la importancia creciente de los recursos naturales estratégicos en aras de garantizar un suministro seguro y sostenible de materias primas necesarias para la transición digital, energética y verde, así como el renovado interés por el organismo suramericano.
Um ensaio sobre o Agesilau de Xenofonte – discurso de informação, representações e possibilidades interpretativas.
Authors: Bantim de Assumpcao Luis Filipe
Published: October 2024

Este texto é um ensaio que analisa as características gerais do Agesilau de Xenofonte, com o intuito de tecer novas possibilidades interpretativas acerca desta obra. Para tanto, discutimos a definição de encômio e épainos, optando por qualificarmos o Agesilau como um louvor, parte integrante do gênero do biográfico. Feito isso, nos empenhamos em conjeturar o arcabouço conceitual de Patrick Charaudeau sobre a Análise do Discurso das Mídias, evidenciando que a representação que Xenofonte constrói de Agesilau II esteve imersa em um “jogo de espelhos” que deformava a realidade, na mesma proporção que a refletia, demarcando que o épainos ao basileús lacedemônio correspondia às denúncias de seu autor aos desvios políticos das póleis, no decorrer do século IV a.C.
On economic rationality in Xenophon’s Economics.
Authors: Helmer Etienne
Published: October 2024

El Económico de Jenofonte es un escrito controvertido. Algunos lectores lo consideran un texto carente de toda racionalidad en el ámbito económico, mientras que otros detectan en él una racionalidad precapitalista basada en la búsqueda de la maximización de la utilidad. Este artículo plantea la hipótesis de una tercera vía: el objeto del Económico de Jenofonte es reflexionar sobre cómo las prácticas económicas ponen en juego, por un lado, una racionalidad instrumental que implica procedimientos de elección que comparan riesgos y beneficios con vistas a maximizar la ganancia, y, por otro, una racionalidad práctica que sondea el valor de los medios y los fines, y limita la posibilidad de autonomía de la razón instrumental, i.e., su tendencia a volverse irracional. Examino en detalle cómo se expresan, ejercen y articulan estos dos usos de la razón en el Económico, y muestro que Jenofonte formula una cuestión decisiva de epistemología económica, con implicaciones prácticas y materiales muy tangibles
La justicia restaurativa. Un parangón entre la justicia penal y la transicional.
Authors: Silva García Germán , Tinoco Ordoñez Pamela
Published: October 2024

Este trabajo propone un examen de la justicia penal y la transicional, un parangón para analizar la utilidad para la justicia transicional de instituciones y mecanismos previstos en el derecho penal. Por esa ruta es examinado el delito político y los conexos, respecto del que se realizan algunos apuntes teóricos sobre su definición y condiciones, los cuales son considerados necesarios, ya que este tipo de infracciones son el insumo de la operación de la justicia transicional. A continuación, el estudio se enfoca en las finalidades tradicionales de la pena registradas en la ley, la doctrina y la jurisprudencia penales, para observar su compatibilidad con los objetivos de la justicia transicional. Del análisis emerge la restauración, junto a la reparación. Esto es corroborado en la revisión, con la ayuda de la criminología, de la relación de continuidad que se plantea entre la interpretación de las acciones calificadas como criminales y la operación del control penal. Al final el trabajo aborda los problemas particulares de la restauración y la reparación.
Avances en la responsabilidad del Estado colombiano a partir de las recomendaciones de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos contenidas en los fallos contra Colombia.
Authors: Duque Ayala Corina , Carreño Dueñas Dalia , Constanza Ballesteros María
Published: October 2024

Este artículo contiene un planteamiento analítico de los 30 fallos proferidos por la CorteIDH contra el Estado Colombiano, y la forma como la justicia contencioso-administrativa ha incorporado dichos contenidos en las Sentencias del Consejo de Estado. Lo anterior, permite evidenciar avances, retrocesos y retos de la justicia contencioso-administrativa para lograr la efectiva garantía y protección judicial en todos los casos que se investiguen, y la armonización del sistema jurídico interno con las exigencias del Sistema interamericano de Derechos Humanos.
Caso Mampujan: valoración del daño material, moral y social en víctimas del conflicto armado colombiano.
Authors: Parra Hernández Álvaro , Borda Arias María Isabel
Published: October 2024

La sentencia de Mampujan del 29 de junio del 2010 es la primera emitida dentro del marco de Justicia Transicional en Colombia, para reparar 1.359 víctimas por hechos juzgados y sentenciados por el Tribunal Superior del Distrito Judicial de Bogotá. Este estudio aborda conceptos relevantes y de intervención del Estado en el proceso de reparación a las víctimas de Mampujan, la percepción que tienen los sobrevivientes frente a la ejecución de dicha sentencia en relación con la reparación del daño y la identificación de sus necesidades actuales. Los resultados evidencian las falencias del Estado en los procesos de reparación, la inconformidad de los sobrevivientes del conflicto armado frente a los aportes económicos, el cúmulo de necesidades insatisfechas que parten desde lo básico en la vida del ser humano, falta de acceso a la salud integral, desconocimiento de los efectos a corto, mediano y largo plazo a nivel personal, familiar y comunitario.
¿Promesas inacabadas, obligaciones incumplidas? A propósito del paramilitarismo, las sentencias de la Corte Interamericana, el sistema legal de la JEP y las obligaciones internacionales de Colombia.
Authors: Chingual Ortiz Gustavo Adolfo , Guerrero Tanganán Rolando Víctor
Published: October 2024

Debido a las vulneraciones cometidas por paramilitares a la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos, Colombia ha sido condenada en varias oportunidades por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. Este artículo, presenta las obligaciones internacionales del Estado colombiano consagradas en la Convención Americana y derivadas de las sentencias de fondo de la Corte IDH frente al fenómeno paramilitar, para luego categorizar las normas legales reguladoras de la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz. Para este fin, se utilizaron los enfoques cualitativos y dogmático jurídico, al igual que una hermenéutica interpretativa de la jurisprudencia interamericana para extraer los deberes internacionales y, posteriormente, analizar bajo esta perspectiva las leyes internas de Colombia. Concluyendo que existe una respuesta legislativa inacabada, ya que ninguna de las normas internas analizadas integra las obligaciones interamericanas, con especial déficit en cuanto a la obligación de reparar.
Unlocking the learning in formal complaints: the development of an end-of-life care complaint analysis tool
Authors: Walker Wendy , Dowling Alison
Published: October 2024

Background/Aims

End-of-life care is a targeted area of healthcare service reform. Complaints are increasingly recognised as a valuable source of evidence for evaluating practice and informing service improvement work. This project aimed to develop a tool to support the standardised coding, categorisation and organisational use of formal complaint data concerning end-of-life care for adults.

Methods

A service evaluation was conducted using existing data. Deductive analysis was conducted with 59 letters of formal complaint submitted to an NHS trust in the Midlands, UK. A published healthcare complaints analysis tool served as a thematic framework for use in conjunction with framework analysis. The project was carried out in two stages: the first comprised preliminary work to produce a template of end-of-life care concerns; the second involved pilot testing the face validity of the template when used as a coding and categorising scheme.

Results

An initial template of 20 subcategories of end-of-life care concerns were developed from the data during preliminary work. This template was deemed to enable the analyst to focus on predefined areas of interest, organise concerns into relevant themes, concisely present the data in a summarised form and provide meaningful objective conclusions. During pilot testing, 185 complainant concerns were coded and categorised, over half of which fell into the domain of ‘relationship problems’ (n=99; 53.5%). Within this domain, the most common problem categories were ‘communication’ (n=44) and ‘respect and rights’ (n=44). A total of five new subcategory concerns were also derived and added to the template. Collectively, the outcomes of complaint data analysis informed the structure of a dedicated end-of-life care complaint analysis tool comprising 25 subcategories of end-of-life care concerns and accompanying exemplar indicators, together with criteria that were meaningful to identifying the context of the care concerns.

Conclusions

A systematic approach to analysing and reporting complainants' experiences of end-of-life care has the potential to support organisational learning, quality monitoring and bespoke service improvements in response to collective complaints and concerns.
Staff wellbeing in context: considering the impact of world events
Authors: Clough Isobel
Published: October 2024

The editor highlights the importance of considering the impact of national and international events on healthcare staff, especially when planning interventions to improve wellbeing and team cohesion.
The Many Directions of Federal Power
Authors: LaCroix Alison L.
Published: October 2024

This chapter sheds new light on the foundations of Congress’s commerce power, a crucial tool wielded by the federal government in the nineteenth century and still today. Four years before the Supreme Court issued its landmark initial ruling on the Commerce Clause, Chief Justice John Marshall interpreted the clause in his capacity as a federal circuit court judge sitting in Richmond, Virginia. The case, The Brig Wilson (1820), demonstrates the interconnections among issues of commerce, migration, slavery, and concurrent power—as well as piracy and Latin American independence movements. Marshall ruled that a Virginia statute that prohibited “free negroes and mulattoes” from migrating into the state did not apply to three members of a brig’s crew who were free people of color. He also upheld, under the commerce power, an act of Congress that added federal enforcement to state laws governing the migration and importation of persons. The chapter argues that The Brig Wilson challenges influential accounts of nineteenth-century federalism and theories of constitutional change, and that it belongs in the constitutional law canon.
The Cherokee Nation v. Georgia v. United States
Authors: LaCroix Alison L.
Published: October 2024

This chapter focuses on Cherokee leaders’ efforts to defend the Nation’s land and people before the U.S. Supreme Court. In 1832, in Worcester v. Georgia, the Marshall Court held that Congress’s power to regulate commerce “with the Indian Tribes” barred Georgia from exercising its jurisdiction over Cherokee Nation. Worcester is often viewed as a case about the sovereignty of nations, but it was also a case about which level of government possessed the power to regulate the crossing of borders. The Supreme Court was prepared to uphold the power of Cherokee Nation to govern who entered its territory, even when the Nation was physically situated largely within the boundaries of Georgia, because the Constitution placed all matters involving commerce with the Indian tribes exclusively within the purview of the federal government. The radical jurisdictional multiplicity at issue in Worcester raised Georgia’s fury. The struggle of the Cherokee Nation to win recognition of its sovereignty demonstrates the necessity of broadening our conception of nineteenth-century American constitutional law to include this fractal federalism. The arguments that Elias Boudinot, John Ross, and John Ridge made, along with those of their lawyer William Wirt, changed what “federalism” meant to interbellum Americans.
The Fugitive Slave Laws, States’ Rights, and Northern Nullification
Authors: LaCroix Alison L.
Published: October 2024

Between 1854 and 1861, Wisconsin was the site of a remarkable confrontation among federal, state, and local levels of government. Sparked by the kidnapping of a formerly enslaved man named Joshua Glover, these events featured state resistance to the federal Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, Glover’s flight to freedom across state and national borders, antislavery mob action, multiple lawsuits in state and federal court, and the rise of the Republican Party. This chapter demonstrates that states’ rights arguments in the interbellum period did not necessarily tend in a proslavery direction. Rather, the content of states’ rights depended on the particular state. Beginning in the 1830s and 1840s a number of states—including Massachusetts and Pennsylvania—passed anti-kidnapping statutes specifically aimed at protecting Black persons, whether fugitive or free, from being seized and forcibly carried out of state. Wisconsin, meanwhile, embraced the language of nullification, arguing that the federal executive branch and the Supreme Court lacked the power to compel the state to enforce the federal fugitive slave laws. Shouts of “states’ rights” might have come more frequently from slaveholding southerners. But Wisconsin officials in the 1850s had as robust a theory of nullification as their South Carolinian counterparts.
Epilogue
Authors: LaCroix Alison L.
Published: October 2024

The epilogue concludes by connecting the interbellum period with the Civil War, which began in April 1861. Drawing on the writings of Ulysses S. Grant, Frederick Douglass, and Abraham Lincoln, the Epilogue argues that the 1850s represented a transitional moment in the relationship between the whole, meaning the Union, and the parts, meaning the states. The epilogue also discusses the consequences of the book’s argument for modern understandings of constitutional law. Twentieth- and twenty-first-century theories of federalism do not accurately describe the landscape of constitutional possibility in the early nineteenth century. In both theory and fact, the constitutional structure of the period was characterized by jurisdictional multiplicity, concurrent power, an almost-obsessive focus on commerce, and surprising valences of federal, state, and local authority. The federalisms of the interbellum United States were far more numerous and varied than existing accounts have recognized.
Empire and Nationalism, 1860s–1920s
Authors: Vushko Iryna
Published: October 2024

This chapter offers an analysis of radical nationalists in the empire and of how they incorporated imperial models and practices in different successor states. Its focus is on two self-defined nationalists—Stanisław Głąbiński and Karel Kramář—and their transition from the empire to Poland and Czechoslovakia. Building on the rich body of recent literature on nationalism, national radicalization, and national indifference in the late empire, it shows how certain nationalists’ long acceptance of the empire conditioned the political choices they made after its end, and it shows the consequences of these choices for their careers and for the political life of not only the countries they represented but Europe. Juxtaposing different aspects in the creation of this myth of radical nationalist resistance to the Habsburgs—the discourse, not just of nationalists in the Habsburg Empire, but also of their supporters among the Allies abroad—and tracing these beyond 1918, this analysis sheds new light on the evolution and different understanding of nationalism, as well as the continuity of national politics across the epochal divide, and on the role this myth played in several interwar states.
Making the Four Corners of the Globe, Oroonoko , and Euphemia
Authors: Smith Chloe Wigston
Published: October 2024

This chapter examines Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko and Charlotte Lennox’s Euphemia, alongside needlework and beadwork from the seventeenth century that depict four-continent iconography. Four-continent iconography was likely borrowed from the graphics of printed maps, one of many examples of makers reshaping print culture to their material work. The chapter argues that these novels and handiworks develop hybrid and experimental structures that entangle marriage with colonialism. It reveals that white women, in particular, depend on material objects and needlework to negotiate the corrupt domestic relations produced by empire, even as this dependence fails to resolve colonial corruption.
Small Marks in Thread
Authors: Smith Chloe Wigston
Published: October 2024

This chapter studies the marking of textiles and linens in thread and ink, arguing that these utilitarian forms of needlework create material marks of feminine ownership and possession. It opens with discussion of two novels—Daniel Defoe’s Moll Flanders and Lucy Peacock’s The Creole—that demonstrate how practices of marking and labeling could secure feminine possession, when skillfully deployed. The chapter then discusses a range of needleworks that engage colonialism, including pieces by Black makers, such as Rosena Disery and Mary Emiston, and a sampler by Hannah Carter Farnum, in which she incorporates verse by Phillis Wheatley. It then considers the needleworks of three makers: an embroidered picture made by the white Ann Leap in which she depicts Indigenous figures; a textual sampler created by African American Mary D’Silver, who excerpts verse from Anna Letitia Barbauld’s poem “The Mouse’s Petition”; and a sampler produced by Christeen Baker of the Choctaw nation, which includes lines from Anna Jane Vardill’s poem “An Original Air, by a Casmerian Indian.” Each maker converts a visual or textual source into needlework, intertwining manual skills with the politics of the Atlantic world and making compelling changes to their visual or textual source.
On invertible non-bipartite unicyclic graphs with a unique perfect matching and their smallest positive eigenvalues
Authors: Barik Sasmita , Behera Subhasish , Mondal Debabrota
Published: October 2024

Let $G$ be a simple connected graph with the adjacency matrix $A(G)$. By the smallest positive eigenvalue of $G$, we mean the smallest positive eigenvalue of $A(G)$ and denote it by $\tau(G)$. Recently, the smallest positive eigenvalue of bipartite unicyclic graphs with a unique perfect matching has been studied, and the extremal graphs having the minimum and the maximum $\tau$ values have been characterized. We consider the same problem for non-bipartite case. A graph $G$ is said to be positively invertible (respectively, negatively invertible) if there exists a signature matrix $S$ such that $SA(G)^{-1}S$ is nonnegative (respectively, nonpositive). In [S. Akbari and S.J. Kirkland. On unimodular graphs. Linear Algebra Appl., 421:3-15, 2007], the authors characterized all the bipartite unicyclic graphs with a unique perfect matching that are positively invertible. In this article, we characterize all the non-bipartite unicyclic graphs with a unique perfect matching that are positively invertible and negatively invertible, respectively. As an application, we obtain the unique graph with the minimum $\tau$ among all the non-bipartite unicyclic graphs on $n$ vertices with a unique perfect matching. Except for a specific class, we characterize all other non-bipartite unicyclic graphs $G$ with a unique perfect matching such that $\tau(G)<\frac{1}{2}$. Further, we show that if $G$ is a non-bipartite unicyclic graph with a unique perfect matching, then $\tau(G)\leq\frac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}$. The extremal graphs with $\tau=\frac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}$ have been obtained. Finally, we obtain the graphs with the maximum $\tau$ among all the non-bipartite unicyclic graphs on $n$ vertices with a unique perfect matching.
Metabolic syndrome in the setting of obesity: impact on in-hospital complications and outcomes after total knee and hip arthroplasty
Authors: Zalikha Abdul K. , Waheed Muhammad A. , Twal Christeena , Keeley Jacob , El-Othmani Mouhanad M. , Hajj Hussein Inaya
Published: October 2024

Aims

This study aims to evaluate the impact of metabolic syndrome in the setting of obesity on in-hospital outcomes and resource use after total joint replacement (TJR).

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted using the National Inpatient Sample from 2006 to the third quarter of 2015. Discharges representing patients aged 40 years and older with obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) who underwent primary TJR were included. Patients were stratified into two groups with and without metabolic syndrome. The inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method was used to balance covariates.

Results

The obese cohort with metabolic syndrome was significantly older, more likely to be female, had higher rates of Medicare insurance, and more likely to be non-Hispanic Black than the obese cohort without metabolic syndrome. In the unweighted analysis, patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome were more likely to experience cardiac, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and postoperative anemia complications, had a longer length of stay, and were less likely to be discharged home compared to obese patients without metabolic syndrome. After adjusting for covariates using IPTW, patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome were more likely to experience postoperative anemia complications only and had lower rates of home discharge, but there were no significant differences in any other complication variables or length of stay.

Conclusion

Given the variability of metabolic health in obesity, the development of tailored perioperative protocols and recommendations acknowledging this variability in metabolic health in obese patients would ultimately potentially benefit patients and improve outcomes of TJR.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(10):837–843.
Francisco de Asís García García, Laura Rodríguez Peinado, Raúl Romero Medina, Noelia Silva Santa Cruz (eds.), (In)materialidad en el arte medieval, Gijón, Ediciones Trea, 2023
Authors: Carrión Longarela María
Published: October 2024

Reseña del libro: Francisco de Asís García García, Laura Rodríguez Peinado, Raúl Romero Medina, Noelia Silva Santa Cruz (eds.), (In)materialidad en el arte medieval, Gijón, Ediciones Trea, 2023.
Ángel Fuentes Ortiz, Nuevos espacios de memoria en la Castilla Trastámara. Los monasterios jerónimos en la encrucijada del arte andalusí y europeo (1373-1474), Madrid, La Ergástula, 2021
Authors: Rojas Bustamante Juan Pablo
Published: October 2024

Reseña del libro: Ángel Fuentes Ortiz, Nuevos espacios de memoria en la Castilla Trastámara. Los monasterios jerónimos en la encrucijada del arte andalusí y europeo (1373-1474), Madrid, La Ergástula, 2021.
Noelia García Pérez (ed.), Isabel la Católica y sus hijas. El patronazgo artístico de las últimas Trastámara, Murcia, Universidad de Murcia Servicio de Publicaciones, 2020
Authors: Herrera Vicente Javier
Published: October 2024

Reseña del libro: Noelia García Pérez (ed.), Isabel la Católica y sus hijas. El patronazgo artístico de las últimas Trastámara, Murcia, Universidad de Murcia Servicio de Publicaciones, 2020.
Vicenç Furió, Una Itàlia de paper. Estampes de Roma i Venècia del segle XVIII en la Col·lecció Furió, Dstoria edicions, 2024
Authors: Vinyes i Bassols Quintí
Published: October 2024

Ressenya del llibre: Vicenç Furió, Una Itàlia de paper. Estampes de Roma i Venècia del segle XVIII en la Col·lecció Furió, Dstoria edicions, 2024.
Filosofía, paisaje y política
Authors: Polo Pujadas Magda
Published: October 2024

Reseña del libro: Jacques Rancière, El tiempo del paisaje. Los orígenes de la revolución estética, Madrid, AKAL, 2023.
Pere Salabert i la volició en el pensar. In memoriam
Authors: Alcoy i Pedrós Rosa
Published: October 2024

Homenatge a Pere Salabert.
Signs of instrumental music of the Classicism era in a Ukrainian choral concert of the second half of the 18th century
Authors: Husarchuk Tetiana V. , Severynova Maryna Yu. , Derevianchenko Olena O. , Putiatytska Olha V. , Hnatiuk Larysa A.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the research is to highlight the processes of introducing the principles of European instrumental music in the choral works of Ukrainian composers of the second half of the 18th century. The following research methods are used in the work: analysis, comparison, and synthesis. The research uncovered the following: features of the choral concerto as a genre; stages of its design and development in Ukraine; structure of choral concerts; the nature of the reflection of the principles of classicism in the works of Ukrainian composers; the embodiment of the features of the sonata form and cyclic structure inherent in the works of the Viennese classics in Ukrainian choral music (on the example of works by M. Berezovsky and D. Bortnyansky); aspects of the influence of national (folk-song) sources and ancient choral traditions on the genre of the sacred concert in the works of Ukrainian composers.
Diagnóstico social colectivo sobre barreras de género en contextos de escenas de música metal del Norte Global y el Sur Global
Authors: González Martínez Susana , Miranda Suárez María J. , Varas-Díaz Nelson , Rodrigues de Oliveira Susane , Balón Vanesa , Córdoba Jesús Antonio
Published: October 2024

Con base en la fuerte brecha de género que existe en la música metal, el objetivo del presente artículo es mostrar los resultados de un análisis colectivo, realizado durante la pandemia, que identifica barreras y limitaciones concretas a la participación en comunidades metaleras tanto del Norte como del Sur Global. Tal análisis ha sido desarrollado por un grupo de reflexión/deliberación perteneciente a un proyecto de investigación-acción-participativa (IAP) formado por 36 investigadoras, artistas y activistas feministas integrantes de las escenas de música metal de sus respectivos países. Para el estudio hemos desarrollado una metodología online basada en: 1) una indagación transdisciplinar panorámica y hermenéutica de las barreras de género en los ámbitos laborales y artísticos a partir de la literatura disponible y, 2) una puesta en común en el grupo de reflexión con el objetivo de sumarizar aquellas que pudieran aplicarse a las escenas de metal. De esta forma, pretendemos obtener una mejor comprensión sobre las estructuras, mecanismos y limitaciones de género contenidas dentro de las comunidades de metal en diferentes contextos, contribuyendo con ello a un objetivo más amplio por la justicia de género.
Ordenar el territorio de La Palma tras la erupción volcánica de 2021: entre la mitigación del riesgo y la planificación neoliberal
Authors: Ramos Pérez David , Fernandes José Alberto Rio
Published: October 2024

La erupción de 2021 en La Palma demostró que la inexistencia de una cultura del riesgo volcánico había impedido practicar una ordenación del territorio capaz de reducir la vulnerabilidad y, por tanto, minimizar los efectos de la catástrofe. Las graves consecuencias de la erupción abrieron una ventana de oportunidad para consolidar un cambio en la percepción del riesgo volcánico que permitiera no solo reorganizar el poblamiento disperso dominante sino reubicarlo en zonas de menor peligrosidad.  La necesidad de elaborar una legislación territorial específica para abordar la recuperación y reconstrucción del Valle de Aridane proporcionaba el contexto idóneo para ello. Sin embargo, trascurridos más de dos años desde el inicio de la erupción, las medidas adoptadas olvidan por completo los peligros volcánicos existentes, espolean el poblamiento disperso preexistente y se alinean claramente con los principios ideológicos de la planificación urbana neoliberal.
Invisibilidad y resistencia en márgenes urbanos: explorando los asentamientos autoproducidos en el rio Besòs, el caso de Montcada i Reixac
Authors: Hernandez Rufs Cristobal
Published: October 2024

Este artículo busca abordar la invisibilización existente respecto a los asentamientos autoproducidos en los márgenes del río Besòs, entendiéndolos como formas de producción y regulación del espacio urbano. Se desarrolló un trabajo de campo que permitió acercarse y trabajar con los pobladores de estos asentamientos, con los que se abordó la marginalización, invisibilización y estigmatización existente respecto a los procesos de urbanización (in)formal que llevan a cabo. La investigación realizada nos muestra como las estrategias de planificación urbana actuales siguen sin considerar estos espacios autoproducidos, fragmentándolos con infraestructuras viales y metropolitanas que responden al crecimiento de la ciudad central, ocultando los procesos socio espaciales que actualmente ocurren en dichos territorios.
Paisajes ocultos de la desposesión urbana
Authors: Benach Rovira Núria , Delgado Ruiz Manuel
Published: October 2024

Como consecuencia de la expansión las políticas neoliberales, en las ciudades proliferan paisajes de desposesión provocados por la presión extrema sobre el mercado de la vivienda y su reguero de desahucios, la reconversón de espacios de vida colectiva en espacios mercantilizados y la transformación drástica del paisaje urbano con las sucesivas oleadas de gentrificación residencial, comercial y turística.
A ello hay que añadir la multiplicación de lo que en este dosier hemos denominado “paisajes ocultos de la desposesión urbana”, es decir, espacios que, aun cuando visibles, no son realmente vistos y que a menudo no son considerados siquiera como problemas a resolver a menos que interfieran en el pleno rendimiento de la máquina de crecimiento urbano.
En este dosier presentamos diversos casos de paisajes ocultos en Barcelona y su entorno, fruto de trabajos realizados por investigadores de diversas disciplinas en universidades de Barcelona. Están procurados desde la antropología, la geografía, la arquitectura y la sociología, aplicando recursos teóricos propios de sus respectivas disciplinas, pero con una perspectiva metodológica compartida.
GRAPE-MARS: una nueva herramienta para el análisis multimodal en la investigación sobre segundas lenguas
Authors: Fortanet Gómez Inmaculada , Ruiz Madrid Noelia , Bernad Mechó Edgar , Valeiras Jurado Julia
Published: October 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el software GRAPE-MARS (Multimodal Analysis Research Software) (https://www.grape.uji.es/mars), un programa de código abierto y uso gratuito desarrollado por el grupo de investigación GRAPE (Group for Research on Academic and Professional English) para el análisis multimodal de vídeos, en el contexto particular de la investigación en segundas lenguas. La investigación multimodal ha avanzado mucho en los últimos años, especialmente en el análisis del discurso, aunque también se han realizado estudios relacionados con la traducción o la pragmática, entre otros. GRAPE-MARS es un programa de interfaz sencilla y usabilidad asequible que pueden utilizar tanto investigadores e investigadoras, como profesores o estudiantado y cuyo objetivo es facilitar la tarea de identificar los elementos o modos que conforman el discurso y facilitar su representación. En una época en que los géneros digitales, con una multimodalidad inherente, cada vez cobran más protagonismo, creemos que GRAPE-MARS puede ser una herramienta esencial para desgranar los elementos que los componen y contribuir a análisis multimodales más completos que ayuden en la investigación de las segundas lenguas.
Proof of concept validation of bioresorbable optical fibers for diffuse correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Pandayil Jawad T. , Boetti Nadia G. , Janner Davide , Durduran Turgut , Cortese Lorenzo
Published: October 2024

Optical quality bioresorbable materials have been gaining interest in recent years for various interstitial biomedical/medical application. An example of this is when the implant gradually dissolves in the body, providing physiological information over extended periods of time, hence reducing the need for revision surgeries. This study reports for the first time the in-house fabrication of single mode (at 785 nm) calcium phosphate glass (CPG) based bioresorbable optical fibers and investigates their suitability for microvascular blood flow monitoring using diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS). Ex vivo experiments in liquid phantom and non-invasive in vivo experiments on the human forearm muscle were conducted using multimode and single mode CPG bioresorbable optical fibers. The retrieved flow index from the correlation curves acquired using CPG fibers was in good agreement with that obtained using standard silica (Si) fibers, both ex vivo and in vivo. The results demonstrate the potential of CPG optical fibers for further exploration.
Phaseless inverse scattering with a parametrized spatial spectral volume integral equation for finite scatterers in the soft x-ray regime
Authors: Eijsvogel S. , Dilz R. J. , Bojanić R. , van Beurden M. C.
Published: October 2024

Soft x-ray wafer-metrology experiments are characterized by low signal-to-noise ratios and lack phase information, which both cause difficulties with the accurate three-dimensional profiling of small geometrical features of structures on a wafer. To this end, we extend an existing phase-based inverse-scattering method to demonstrate a sub-nanometer and noise-robust reconstruction of the targets by synthetic soft x-ray scatterometry experiments. The targets are modeled as three-dimensional finite dielectric scatterers embedded in a planarly layered medium, where a scatterer’s geometry and spatial permittivity distribution are described by a uniform polygonal cross section along its height. Each cross section is continuously parametrized by its vertices and homogeneous permittivity. The combination of this parametrization of the scatterers and the employed Gabor frames ensures that the underlying linear system of the spatial spectral Maxwell solver is continuously differentiable with respect to the parameters for phaseless inverse-scattering problems. In synthetic demonstrations, we demonstrate the accurate and noise-robust reconstruction of the parameters without any regularization term. Most of the vertex parameters are retrieved with an error of less than λ/13 with λ=13.5nm, when the ideal sensor model with shot noise detects at least five photons per sensor pixel. This corresponds to a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.5 dB. These vertex parameters are retrieved with an accuracy of λ/90 when the signal-to-noise ratio is increased to 10 dB, or approximately 100 photons per pixel. The material parameters are retrieved with errors ranging from 0.05% to 5% for signal-to-noise ratios between 10 dB and 3.5 dB.
Multiple-image authentication method based on phase-only holograms and a logistic map
Authors: Liansheng Sui , Zishan Jiang , Haiwei Lu , Zhaolin Xiao , Tianyu Zeng
Published: October 2024

An interesting security method for a multiple-image authentication scheme is proposed based on computer-generated holograms and a logistic map. First, each original image is encoded as the complex-valued hologram under the point light source model. The resulting hologram is then converted to a phase-only hologram using the Floyd-Steinberg dithering algorithm. Second, each phase-only hologram is randomly sampled with the aid of a binary mask. Through the catenation of all selected pixels, a phase-only pixel sequence is formed. Finally, a non-periodic and non-converging sequence generated with the logistic map is used to scramble this sequence. After only preserving the phase data of the scrambled sequence, the real-valued ciphertext carrying the information of all original images is obtained. In the process of authentication, although no valid information can be discerned from noisy reconstructed images at a small sampling rate, the verification of original images can be efficiently accomplished using the nonlinear correlation maps. Besides binary masks, the parameters of the logistic map are served as secret keys. Due to their high sensitivity, the security of the proposed method is greatly enhanced. The proposed authentication mechanism has been demonstrated to be effective and robust through experiments. To our knowledge, it is the first time to implement multiple-image authentication using phase-only holograms, which can provide a new perspective for optical information security.
Terahertz near-field imaging of buried structures
Authors: Ma Pingchuan , Kölbel Johanna , Ying Ji-Feng , Lin J.-H. , Pizzuto Angela , Mittleman Daniel M.
Published: October 2024

We report a characterization of the spatial resolution of terahertz (THz) apertureless near-field imaging of metal lines deeply buried beneath a silicon dioxide layer. We find a good resolution for edge contrast, even in the case where the capping layer is considerably thicker than the tip radius. We find that contrast and resolution depend on demodulation frequency, thickness of the capping layer, and radius of the tip. Furthermore, we observe a distinct dependence of the contrast on the direction of the incoming radiation, in both experiments and simulations. Characterization of buried features can be a valuable tool in non-contact failure analysis of semiconductor devices.
Optical trapping using quasi-bound states in the continuum of photonic crystal slab
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhao Jingyi , Che Zhiyuan , Shi Lei
Published: October 2024

This paper explores efficient and stable optical trapping using quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BICs) in photonic crystal slabs. By breaking inversion symmetry by transforming square holes into isosceles trapezoidal holes, we create quasi-BICs with finite quality factors. Calculations show that optical forces at enhanced electric field locations effectively trap particles, with significant potential wells at these sites. Multipole expansion analysis indicates that particles at sharp corners suppress radiation and enhance trapping stability. Moreover, an increased number of trapped particles causes a redshift in resonance frequency and strengthens optical forces, especially at sharp corners. These insights are crucial for designing photonic crystal slabs for practical optical trapping applications, where positioning more particles at sharp corners improves quasi-BIC mode and trapping efficiency.
Highly sensitive and actively tunable chiral metasurface enabled by bound states in the continuum
Authors: Tang Yiwen , Chen Hengjun , Li Yan , Luo Xiao-qing , Jin Lun , Wang Xin-lin
Published: October 2024

Chiroptical metasurfaces are novel materials capable of manipulating the polarization state of light. The active tuning of chiroptical metasurfaces further empowers the capability of real-time and wide-range manipulation of light. In this study, we propose and investigate a dielectric metasurface based on LiNbO3 that enables active and efficient electro-optic tuning of chiroptical responses. We have observed a quasi-bound state in the continuum (q-BIC) in this metasurface, which exhibits a large circular dichroism (CD) of 0.89 and a high Q-factor of 9.3 × 104 at 976.26 nm. Owing to the high Q-factor, the CD can be electro-optically modulated by up to 0.83 with a high sensitivity of 8 × 10−5 nm/(V/m), which is orders of magnitude higher than that of bulk LiNbO3 modulators. In addition, the polarization states of both linearly and circularly polarized light can be efficiently tuned through this metasurface, with tunable ranges of rotation angle and ellipticity up to 78° and 62°, respectively. We believe that the proposed chiroptical metasurface is an excellent candidate as a compact, versatile, and highly sensitive electro-optic modulator.
On the lossy character of Y-branches and their analogy to Wilkinson power dividers
Authors: Oña Douglas , Hernández Osmery , Ortega-Gomez Angel , González-Andrade David , Liberal Iñigo
Published: October 2024

Y-branches are commonly used devices for power splitting and combining in various technological applications. Despite their widespread use, research on their design and analysis has been mostly focused on their characterization based on reflection and transmission when operating as power dividers, leaving aside an exhaustive consideration of all their possible modes of operation. Also, it has not been fully recognized that these devices have intrinsic losses. If these losses are not properly managed, they can negatively impact the network, but also open the door to new opportunities. In this context, this paper examines Y-bifurcation properties and their connection to Wilkinson’s power dividers. Additionally, through numerical analysis, we demonstrate the possibility of integrating these devices into more complex optical networks. We use them as components in generalized power dividers and analog optical computational systems designed to filter out the maximum common phase component and avoid backward reflections for any input signal.
Experimental parameter study of thermally tunable Mach-Zehnder switches for photonic neuromorphic computing
Authors: Lemme Max , Samland Jens , Wahlbrink Thorsten , Chmielak Bartos , Suckow Stephan , Bolten Jens
Published: October 2024

Photonic neuromorphic computing has attracted great interest in recent years for artificial intelligence applications because it enables highly parallel computing with low latency and low power consumption. Neuromorphic integrated photonics can be realized with networks of Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs), which should be reproducible and stable and have a large tuning range. Here, we experimentally investigate the suitability of MZI-titanium heater configurations for optical neuromorphic computing. Specifically, we rigorously assess their heating efficiency and switching rate for various distances between the MZIs and the heaters and various heater widths. Moreover, we study the influence of different MZI footprints between 6200 μm² and 30000 μm². We complement our experiments with LUMERICAL simulations and establish a highly predictable and reproducible fabrication process compatible with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, which makes them ideal for future applications in photonic neuromorphic computing.
Dawn and dusk satellite quantum key distribution using time- and phase-based encoding and polarization filtering
Authors: Simmons Cameron , Barrow Peter , Donaldson Ross
Published: October 2024

Free-space optical communication links promise better security and increase bandwidths but can suffer from noise in daylight. This is particularly detrimental in quantum communications where current mitigation techniques, such as spectral, temporal, and spatial filtering, are not yet sufficient to make daylight tolerable for satellite quantum key distribution (SatQKD). As all current SatQKD systems are polarization-encoded, polarization filtering has not been investigated. However, by using time- and phase-encoded SatQKD, it is possible to filter in polarization in addition to existing domains. Scattered daylight can be more than 90% polarized in the visible band, yielding a reduction in detected daylight between 3 dB and 13 dB, such that polarization filtering can reduce the brightness of 780 nm daylight to below the unfiltered equivalent at 1550 nm. Simulations indicate that polarization filtering increases the secure key rate and allows for SatQKD to be performed at dawn and dusk. This could open the way for daylight SatQKD utilizing shorter near-infrared wavelengths and retaining their benefits.