bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPAIRED EYE TRACKING IS ASSOCIATED WITH SYMPTOMS BUT NOT DYNAMIC POSTURAL CONTROL IN ADOLESCENTS FOLLOWING CONCUSSION
Authors: Oldham Jessie R. , Meehan III William P. , Howell David R.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Visual impairments are common following concussion, and vision tests are recommended as part of a comprehensive clinical concussion evaluation. Persistent symptoms from vision disturbances can delay recovery and earlier detection may reduce symptom burden. Further, while gait-related deficits were reported among adolescents with abnormal near point of convergence following concussion, further research is needed to understand gait performance among those with impaired eye tracking abilities.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

Our purposes were to: 1) examine the relationship between self-reported symptoms and concussion-related visual impairments; and 2) compare single-task and dual-task gait speed between concussed adolescents with and without abnormal visual tracking abilities, to healthy controls.

Methods:

Thirty concussed participants and thirty healthy controls (Table 1) completed an eye tracking assessment during which they watched a brief (220s) video clip. The video clip moved in a clockwise direction around the screen while pupil positions were measured with an objective eye tracker to create a box trajectory of each eye movement. The eye tracking dependent variable (BOX score) was a binary classifier with <10 being classified as normal and ≥10 abnormal. Symptoms were collected using the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS), and gait speed was measured with three triaxial accelerometers placed on the dorsal side of each foot and L5. Participants walked along a 10-m walkway, turned, and returned to the starting point at a self-selected pace. During dual-task trials, participants simultaneously answered cognitive questions (spelling backwards, serial 6s or 7s, reciting months backwards) while walking. We conducted a linear regression to examine the relationship between PCSS and BOX scores and a two-way mixed effects analysis of variance followed by a Tukey post-hoc to examine the effect of group (abnormal BOX, normal BOX, and healthy control) on single and dual-task gait speed.

Results:

There was a significant association between total PCSS score and BOX score (Figure 1). There were no significant differences in single-task or dual-task gait speed between the groups. (Figure 2)

Conclusion:

There appears to be a positive relationship between total PCSS score and BOX score, and the concussed group with impaired eye tracking reported the highest symptom scores. However, the sample size of the impaired group was small, which warrants future research. While not statistically significant, the slower single and dual-task gait speeds in those with abnormal BOX scores may still be clinically relevant, as gait-related impairments have been shown to persist far beyond clinical recovery.

[Table: see text][Figure: see text][Figure: see text]
FAIR PLAY AS AN INJURY PREVENTION INTERVENTION: DO YELLOW CARD ACCUMULATION POLICIES REDUCE HIGH SCHOOL SOCCER INJURIES?
Authors: Kriz Peter K. , Yang Jingzhen , Arakkal Alan , Keeley Timothy , Comstock R. Dawn
Published: April 2020

Background:

Pediatric sports-related injuries are common, yet prevention efforts too often go unevaluated. Collins et al. studied nine U.S. high school (HS) sports during 2005/06-2006/07, finding boys’ and girls’ soccer had the highest injury rates related to illegal activity. Several states have implemented yellow card accumulation policies (YCPs) in an effort to prevent injuries.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

Purpose: Evaluate the effectiveness of YCPs in reducing HS soccer competition injuries by comparing injury rates and patterns in states with and without YCPs. Hypotheses: Athlete-athlete contact injury rates are lower in states with YCPs Severe injuries (concussion, fracture, ACL, injury requiring surgery, injury resulting in > 3 weeks’ time loss) are less prevalent in states with YCPs Gender differences influence the effectiveness of YCPs

Methods:

Retrospective cohort study of NHFS member state association HS soccer players injured during competition in 2005/06-2017/18. Athlete exposure (AEs) and injury data collected from a national sports injury surveillance system, High School RIO. Poisson regression assessed the effects of YCPs on injury rates and patterns.

Results:

Of 50 NFHS member states associations, high schools from 47 were represented. Overall, 901 athlete-athlete contact injuries occurred during 352,775 competition AEs in states with YCPs and 3,525 during 1,459,708 AEs in states without YCPs. There was no significant difference in overall contact injury rates (rate ratio [RR] 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98-1.14) between schools in states with and without YCPs. A small, significant increase in overall contact injury rates was discernable after states’ adoption of YCPs (RR 1.17; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.34), particularly in boys’ soccer (RR 1.32; 95% CI 1.08-1.62). A significantly lower proportion of injuries resulting in > 3 weeks’ time loss occurred in states with YCPs (injury proportion ratio [IPR] 0.81; p=0.047), while other severe injuries did not differ. There were no significant differences in YCPs’ effect by gender (p=0.319).

Conclusion:

Among HS boys’ and girls’ soccer players, playing in states with YCPs did not lower athlete-athlete contact injury rates, although injuries resulting in > 3 weeks’ time loss were less prevalent in states with YCPs. Athlete-athlete contact injury rates were slightly higher in states following adoption of YCPs, particularly in boys’ soccer. Enactment of YCPs alone, without proper enforcement, may not be a sufficient injury prevention strategy. Further studies assessing the impact of HS soccer YCPs need to consider the effects of state level YCP enforcement, documented illegal activity/foul play, and Fair Play education.

Tables/Figures:

[Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text]
DELAY IN DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF ADOLESCENT ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURIES IN A PUBLICLY FUNDED HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
Authors: Leveille Lise A. , Ladner Tessa V. , Sidhu Pardeep , Reilly Christopher W.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Delay to surgical anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction after injury has been associated with increased frequency and severity of meniscal and articular cartilage pathology. Patient factors that contribute to delayed ACL reconstruction are not well understood.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

Identify patient factors contributing to delayed ACL reconstruction in a publicly funded healthcare system.

Methods:

A retrospective review of all patients who had a primary ACL reconstruction at a single institution between 2014 and 2018 was completed. Patient demographic data, side, history of physical therapy, and intraoperative status of the meniscus and articular cartilage were collected. Household income was determined based on federal census data of mean household income by postal code. Time from injury to orthopedic referral (W0), consult (W1), and ACL reconstruction (W2) was calculated. A logistic regression model was constructed to determine the impact of household income, age, and sex on W0, W1, and W2.

Results:

Eighty-three patients were identified with a mean age of 14 years (range, 9-17). Twenty-eight patients were male (33.7%). Mean time from injury to orthopedic consult was 124 days (range, 0-1096). Mean time from injury to reconstruction was 286 days (range, 51-1623). Eleven patients (13%) had ligament reconstruction within 90 days of injury. Fifty-three patients (63.8%) had meniscal or articular cartilage damage at the time of ACL reconstruction. There was no significant effect of patient sex, age, or history of physical therapy on time to ACL reconstruction. Household income was found to have a significant effect on time to ACL reconstruction. For every $10,000.00 increase in household income, time to reconstruction was reduced by 19%. Using median time to reconstruction (223 days), this represents a decrease of 42 days. Household income only had an effect on W0 with a decrease of 38.4% for every $10,000.00 incremental increase in household income. No association was found between time to ACL reconstruction and odds of meniscal or articular cartilage damage.

Conclusion:

At a pediatric tertiary care hospital in a public health care system, most adolescent patients are having their ACL reconstructed in a delayed fashion contributing to an increased frequency of intra-articular pathology. Increase in household income was associated with a significant decrease in time to orthopaedic referral. There was no difference in wait time for consultation (W1) or wait time for surgery (W2). Further research is needed to determine specific factors causing this discrepancy in access to healthcare within a publicly funded system.
INFLUENCE OF PREVENTIVE TRAINING PROGRAM FEEDBACK COMPLEXITY ON ATHLETE INJURY RISK
Authors: Root Hayley J , Bay R Curtis , DiStefano Lindsay J
Published: April 2020

Background:

Preventive training programs (PTPs) reduce injury risk in youth athletes. Corrective verbal feedback is an integral component of PTP implementation; however, too many cues delivered at once may be too complicated for youth athletes. PTPs with simplified cues may be more effective as traditional PTPs to improve athlete injury risk.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in movements associated with injury risk youth athletes participating in a season-long PTP: with simplified feedback cues, with traditional feedback cues, or in a warm-up of the coaches’ choosing.

Methods:

A cluster-randomized controlled trial was utilized. Youth soccer teams were randomized into: simplified or traditional PTP, or the control group. Simplified and traditional PTPs were the same duration (10-15 minutes) with the same exercises, but the simplified PTP only provided sagittal plane feedback cues (e.g., “get low”) and the traditional PTP provided feedback in all planes of motion (e.g., “don’t let your knees cave inward”). Teams in the control group performed their coach’s warm-up. Participants completed two test sessions (PRE-season, POST-season) with three trials of a jump-landing task evaluated using the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS). The LESS is a valid and reliable clinical movement assessment. Participants jumped off a 30-cm high box to a distance half their height and immediately rebounded straight in the air for maximum vertical height. A single, reliable rater graded all trials. Three trials were averaged together for one composite LESS score at each time point. A generalized linear model was used to evaluate differences in composite LESS score between warm-up (Simplified, Traditional, Control) over time (PRE, POST) while controlling for team. All data were analyzed using SPSS Version 21.0 (p<0.05).

Results:

There were no significant differences between Simplified and Traditional PTPs (P>0.05) so the PTPs were combined into a single group (Intervention) and compared to Control from PRE to POST. Four-hundred and twenty athletes (Intervention n=291 athletes, Control n=129 athletes) participated. The Intervention group improved LESS scores ((Mean±SE [95% CI]) Intervention PRE:6.32±0.17 [5.99,6.67], Intervention POST: 5.36±0.16 [5.05,5.69], Control PRE: 6.58±0.35 [5.94,7.30], Control POST: 6.09±0.34 [5.47,6.79])(P=.04).

Conclusion:

Regardless of PTP, athletes improved movement technique. These findings suggest that simplified corrective feedback is as effective as more complex feedback. Future studies should look to train coaches to focus on simplified cues and evaluate impact on PTP implementation.
Impacted ≥ 10-mm pelvic ureteric stone treatment: laser lithotripsy alone or in combination with pneumatic lithotripsy—a prospective, comparative study
Authors: Alazaby Hisham , Mohey Ahmed , Omar Rabea , Sebaey Ahmed , Gharib Tarek
Published: April 2020

Background

The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of ureteroscopic lithotripsy of combined pneumatic and laser versus laser lithotripsy alone for the treatment of impacted pelvic ureteral stones. Ninety patients with impacted stones 10 mm or more were selected and divided into two equal groups. The combined group included patients who treated by pneumatic lithotripsy (PL) and laser lithotripsy (LL), while those in the laser group were treated by LL alone via retrograde semirigid ureteroscopy. Exclusion criteria included urinary tract infection, radiolucent stones, ipsilateral concurrent stone, previous ureteral surgery, urinary tract anomalies, musculoskeletal deformities, renal failure and pregnancy. Any stone retropulsion or any residual stone detected 1 month postoperative was considered failure.

Results

The stone-free rate was 88.8% and 91.1% for laser and combined groups, respectively, which was statistically insignificant (p ≥ 0.05). Operative complications were 11.11% versus 4.4% for laser and combined groups, respectively, which is significant statistically (p ˂ 0.05). No ureteral perforation and no stricture were developed in the combined group, while one perforation and two strictures were developed in the laser group. The DJ stenting and second session lithotripsy requirements were 64.4% versus 51.1% and 15.5% versus 8.8% for laser versus combined group, respectively, and each was statistically significant.

Conclusion

When treating impacted stones, combining PL to LL can decrease the complication rate, DJ stenting and second session lithotripsy requirement, while preserving laser fragmentation capabilities.
On neotypes and nomina nova: commentary on “Comparative analysis of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii genomes shows a high level of genome plasticity and warrants separation into new species-level taxa”, by C.B. Fitzgerald et al. (BMC Genomics (2018) 19:931)
Authors: Oren Aharon , Garrity George M.
Published: April 2020

In their paper entitled “Comparative analysis of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii genomes shows a high level of genome plasticity and warrants separation into new species-level taxa” (BMC Genomics (2018) 19:931), Fitzgerald et al. proposed a neotype strain for F. prausnitzii (strain A2–165 = DSM 17677 = JCM 31915) and assigned strain ATCC 27768 = NCIMB 13872 to a newly established taxon, Faecalibacterium moorei nom. Nov. These proposals contravene the Rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP). Neotype strains can only be established following a formal proposal in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology in accordance with Rule 18c and Appendix 7 of the ICNP. A proposed neotype becomes an established neotype after 2 years, provided that no objections were submitted to the Judicial Commisson of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes within the first year following publication of the request. F. moorei as proposed by Fitzgerald et al. is a later homotypic synonym of F. prausnitzii. It cannot be a ‘nom. nov.’ (nomen novum): based on Rule 34a of the ICNP: this term is only used when an author transfers a species to another genus or a subspecies to another species as a new combination, but the original specific epithet cannot be used as ‘comb. nov.’ (combinatio nova) as a result of homonymy. Moreover, ATCC 27768 and NCIMB 13872 cannot be proposed as the type strain of F. moorei as these remain permanently associated with the type strain of F. prausnitzii unless the Judicial Commission of the ICSP will decide otherwise.
Accurate confidence intervals for risk difference in meta-analysis with rare events
Authors: Jiang Tao , Cao Baixin , Shan Guogen
Published: April 2020

Background

Meta-analysis provides a useful statistical tool to effectively estimate treatment effect from multiple studies. When the outcome is binary and it is rare (e.g., safety data in clinical trials), the traditionally used methods may have unsatisfactory performance.

Methods

We propose using importance sampling to compute confidence intervals for risk difference in meta-analysis with rare events. The proposed intervals are not exact, but they often have the coverage probabilities close to the nominal level. We compare the proposed accurate intervals with the existing intervals from the fixed- or random-effects models and the interval by Tian et al. (2009).

Results

We conduct extensive simulation studies to compare them with regards to coverage probability and average length, when data are simulated under the homogeneity or heterogeneity assumption of study effects.

Conclusions

The proposed accurate interval based on the random-effects model for sample space ordering generally has satisfactory performance under the heterogeneity assumption, while the traditionally used interval based on the fixed-effects model works well when the studies are homogeneous.
Correlation of gene polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor with grade and prognosis of lung cancer
Authors: Liu Changjiang , Zhou Xuetao , Zhang Zefeng , Guo Yang
Published: April 2020

Background

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene is highly polymorphic, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of VEGF gene are associate with cancer prognosis. This study aimed to analyze the correlation of VEGF gene polymorphisms with grade and prognosis of lung cancer.

Methods

A total of 458 Chinese patients with primary lung cancer were enrolled from September 2008 to October 2013. The genotypes of −2578C > A, −1154G > A, − 460 T > C, and + 405G > C were analyzed in white blood cells from patients using polymerase chain reaction based restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Results

Our data showed that –1154G > A polymorphism was significantly associated with tumor stages, but all four tested VEGF gene polymorphisms had no significant effect on survival.

Conclusions

VEGF polymorphisms may relate to stage of lung cancer in Chinese population.
Two novel ECHS1 variants, affecting splicing and reducing enzyme activity, is associated with mitochondrial encephalopathy in infant: a case report
Authors: Wu Miaojuan , Gao Wenqi , Deng Zhifang , Liu Zhisheng , Ma Jiehui , Xiao Han , Xu Yu , Sun Dan
Published: April 2020

Background

Short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECHS1) is a multifunctional mitochondrial matrix enzyme involved in the second step of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation. Mitochondrial diseases resulting from ECHS1 mutations are often characterised by encephalopathy, deafness, epilepsy, optic atrophy, cardiomyopathy, dystonia, and lactic acidosis. In this study, we report two novel heterogeneous variants, c.414 + 5G > A (in intron 3) and c.310C > G (in CDS), of ECHS1 in an infant with mitochondrial encephalopathy.

Case presentation

The two novel variants, c.414 + 5G > A (Chr10:135183403) in intron 3 and c.310C > G (Chr10:135183512) in CDS, were identified by next generation sequencing (NGS). A minigene assay was used to analyse the function of the c.414 + 5G > A variant. ECHS1 enzyme activity was measured by spectrophotometry in the patient-derived myoblasts. The 2-year old patient presented with mitochondrial encephalopathy since birth. Clinical features were encephalopathy, epilepsy, and hindered psychomotor and language development. Serum lactate and blood ammonia levels were elevated, and brain magnetic resonance imaging showed abnormal signals in the bilateral frontal, parietal, and occipital cortices and brainstem and basal ganglia. We found two novel heterogeneous variants in ECHS1 in this patient. Minigene assay revealed the c.414 + 5G > A variant as the cause of intronic cryptic splice site activation and 39 bp deletion in mature mRNA. In silico analysis predicted that c.310C > G might change glutamine (Q) to glutamic acid (E) in the 104th amino acid sequence (p.Q104E). To investigate the impact of these two variants on protein function, we constructed a 3D model of human ECHS1 and showed that the variants might alter the highly conserved region in close proximity to the active site, which might hinder, or even halt, enzymatic activity. The experimental assay showed that ECHS1 enzyme activity in the patient-derived myoblasts decreased compared to that in control.

Conclusions

Our findings are the first to report a mitochondrial encephalopathy infant carrying two novel ECHS1 variants, c.414 + 5G > A and c.310C > G, which might be deleterious variants, function as pathogenicity markers for mitochondrial encephalopathy, and facilitate disease diagnosis.
Supervisors’ intention to observe clinical task performance: an exploratory study using the theory of planned behaviour during postgraduate medical training
Authors: de Jonge Laury P. J. W. M. , Mesters Ilse , Govaerts Marjan J. B. , Timmerman Angelique A. , Muris Jean W. M. , Kramer Anneke W. M. , van der Vleuten Cees P. M.
Published: April 2020

Background

Direct observation of clinical task performance plays a pivotal role in competency-based medical education. Although formal guidelines require supervisors to engage in direct observations, research demonstrates that trainees are infrequently observed. Supervisors may not only experience practical and socio-cultural barriers to direct observations in healthcare settings, they may also question usefulness or have low perceived self-efficacy in performing direct observations. A better understanding of how these multiple factors interact to influence supervisors’ intention to perform direct observations may help us to more effectively implement the aforementioned guidelines and increase the frequency of direct observations.

Methods

We conducted an exploratory quantitative study, using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as our theoretical framework. In applying the TPB, we transfer a psychological theory to medical education to get insight in the influence of cognitive and emotional processes on intentions to use direct observations in workplace based learning and assessment. We developed an instrument to investigate supervisors intention to perform direct observations. The relationships between the TPB measures of our questionnaire were explored by computing bivariate correlations using Pearson’s R tests. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed in order to assess the impact of the respective TPB measures as predictors on the intention to perform direct observations.

Results

In our study 82 GP supervisors completed our TPB questionnaire. We found that supervisors had a positive attitude towards direct observations. Our TPB model explained 45% of the variance in supervisors’ intentions to perform them. Normative beliefs and past behaviour were significant determinants of this intention.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that supervisors use their past experiences to form intentions to perform direct observations in a careful, thoughtful manner and, in doing so, also take the preferences of the learner and other stakeholders potentially engaged in direct observations into consideration. These findings have potential implications for research into work-based assessments and the development of training interventions to foster a shared mental model on the use of direct observations.
Deep learning with sentence embeddings pre-trained on biomedical corpora improves the performance of finding similar sentences in electronic medical records
Authors: Chen Qingyu , Du Jingcheng , Kim Sun , Wilbur W. John , Lu Zhiyong
Published: April 2020

Background

Capturing sentence semantics plays a vital role in a range of text mining applications. Despite continuous efforts on the development of related datasets and models in the general domain, both datasets and models are limited in biomedical and clinical domains. The BioCreative/OHNLP2018 organizers have made the first attempt to annotate 1068 sentence pairs from clinical notes and have called for a community effort to tackle the Semantic Textual Similarity (BioCreative/OHNLP STS) challenge.

Methods

We developed models using traditional machine learning and deep learning approaches. For the post challenge, we focused on two models: the Random Forest and the Encoder Network. We applied sentence embeddings pre-trained on PubMed abstracts and MIMIC-III clinical notes and updated the Random Forest and the Encoder Network accordingly.

Results

The official results demonstrated our best submission was the ensemble of eight models. It achieved a Person correlation coefficient of 0.8328 – the highest performance among 13 submissions from 4 teams. For the post challenge, the performance of both Random Forest and the Encoder Network was improved; in particular, the correlation of the Encoder Network was improved by ~ 13%. During the challenge task, no end-to-end deep learning models had better performance than machine learning models that take manually-crafted features. In contrast, with the sentence embeddings pre-trained on biomedical corpora, the Encoder Network now achieves a correlation of ~ 0.84, which is higher than the original best model. The ensembled model taking the improved versions of the Random Forest and Encoder Network as inputs further increased performance to 0.8528.

Conclusions

Deep learning models with sentence embeddings pre-trained on biomedical corpora achieve the highest performance on the test set. Through error analysis, we find that end-to-end deep learning models and traditional machine learning models with manually-crafted features complement each other by finding different types of sentences. We suggest a combination of these models can better find similar sentences in practice.
The PRECISE (PREgnancy Care Integrating translational Science, Everywhere) database: open-access data collection in maternal and newborn health
Authors:   The PRECISE Network, Magee Laura A. , Strang Amber , Li Larry , Tu Domena , Tumtaweetikul Warancha , Craik Rachel , Daniele Marina , Etyang Angela Koech , D’Alessandro Umberto , Ogochukwu Ofordile , Roca Anna , Sevene Esperança , Chin Paulo , Tchavana Corssino , Temmerman Marleen , von Dadelszen Peter
Published: April 2020

In less-resourced settings, adverse pregnancy outcome rates are unacceptably high. To effect improvement, we need accurate epidemiological data about rates of death and morbidity, as well as social determinants of health and processes of care, and from each country (or region) to contextualise strategies. The PRECISE database is a unique core infrastructure of a generic, unified data collection platform. It is built on previous work in data harmonisation, outcome and data field standardisation, open-access software (District Health Information System 2 and the Baobab Laboratory Information Management System), and clinical research networks. The database contains globally-recommended indicators included in Health Management Information System recording and reporting forms. It comprises key outcomes (maternal and perinatal death), life-saving interventions (Human Immunodeficiency Virus testing, blood pressure measurement, iron therapy, uterotonic use after delivery, postpartum maternal assessment within 48 h of birth, and newborn resuscitation, immediate skin-to-skin contact, and immediate drying), and an additional 17 core administrative variables for the mother and babies. In addition, the database has a suite of additional modules for ‘deep phenotyping’ based on established tools. These include social determinants of health (including socioeconomic status, nutrition and the environment), maternal co-morbidities, mental health, violence against women and health systems. The database has the potential to enable future high-quality epidemiological research integrated with clinical care and discovery bioscience.
PRECISE pregnancy cohort: challenges and strategies in setting up a biorepository in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors:   The PRECISE Network, Craik Rachel , Russell Donna , Tribe Rachel M. , Poston Lucilla , Omuse Geoffrey , Okiro Patricia , Chege David , Diatta Mathurin , Sesay Abdul Karim , Cuamba Inocencia , Carrilho Carla , Sevene Esperança , Flint-O’Kane Meriel , von Dadelszen Peter
Published: April 2020

Background and objective

PRECISE is a population-based, prospective pregnancy cohort study designed for deep phenotyping of pregnancies in women with placenta-related disorders, and in healthy controls. The PRECISE Network is recruiting ~ 10,000 pregnant women in three countries (The Gambia, Kenya, and Mozambique) representing sub-Saharan Africa. The principal aim is to improve our understanding of pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction and stillbirth. This involves the creation of a highly curated biorepository for state of the art discovery science and a rich database of antenatal variables and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Our overarching aim is to provide large sample numbers with adequate power to address key scientific questions. Here we describe our experience of establishing a biorepository in the PRECISE Network and review the issues and challenges surrounding set-up, management and scientific use.

Methods

The feasibility of collecting and processing each sample type was assessed in each setting and plans made for establishing the necessary infrastructure. Quality control (QC) protocols were established to ensure that biological samples are ‘fit-for-purpose'. The management structures required for standardised sample collection and processing were developed. This included the need for transport of samples between participating countries and to external academic/commercial institutions.

Results

Numerous practical challenges were encountered in setting up the infrastructure including facilities, staffing, training, cultural barriers, procurement, shipping and sample storage. Whilst delaying the project, these were overcome by establishing good communication with the sites, training workshops and constant engagement with the necessary commercial suppliers. A Project Executive Committee and Biology Working Group together defined the biospecimens required to answer the research questions paying particular attention to harmonisation of protocols with other cohorts so as to enable cross-biorepository collaboration. Governance structures implemented include a Data and Sample Committee to ensure biospecimens and data will be used according to consent, and prioritisation by scientific excellence. A coordinated sample and data transfer agreement will prevent delay in sample sharing.

Discussion

With adequate training and infrastructure, it is possible to establish high quality sample collections to facilitate research programmes such as the PRECISE Network in sub-Saharan Africa. These preparations are pre-requisites for effective execution of a biomarker-based approach to better understand the complexities of placental disease in these settings, and others.
Correction to: Open reduction and compression with double Kirschner wires for the treatment of old bony mallet finger
Authors: Tang Junjun , Wu Kejian , Wang Jinchang , Zhang Jian
Published: April 2020

Following publication of the original article [1], we have been notified that there was a spelling mistake in the author affiliations. In this Correction, correct and incorrect versions are shown.
Clinical course and outcome of 107 patients infected with the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, discharged from two hospitals in Wuhan, China
Authors: Wang Dawei , Yin Yimei , Hu Chang , Liu Xing , Zhang Xingguo , Zhou Shuliang , Jian Mingzhi , Xu Haibo , Prowle John , Hu Bo , Li Yirong , Peng Zhiyong
Published: April 2020

Background

In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was reported from Wuhan, China. Information on the clinical course and prognosis of COVID-19 was not thoroughly described. We described the clinical courses and prognosis in COVID-19 patients.

Methods

Retrospective case series of COVID-19 patients from Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University in Wuhan and Xishui Hospital, Hubei Province, China, up to February 10, 2020. Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical data were collected. The clinical course of survivors and non-survivors were compared. Risk factors for death were analyzed.

Results

A total of 107 discharged patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. The clinical course of COVID-19 presented as a tri-phasic pattern. Week 1 after illness onset was characterized by fever, cough, dyspnea, lymphopenia, and radiological multi-lobar pulmonary infiltrates. In severe cases, thrombocytopenia, acute kidney injury, acute myocardial injury, and adult respiratory distress syndrome were observed. During week 2, in mild cases, fever, cough, and systemic symptoms began to resolve and platelet count rose to normal range, but lymphopenia persisted. In severe cases, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and deteriorating multi-organ dysfunction were dominant. By week 3, mild cases had clinically resolved except for lymphopenia. However, severe cases showed persistent lymphopenia, severe acute respiratory dyspnea syndrome, refractory shock, anuric acute kidney injury, coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, and death. Older age and male sex were independent risk factors for poor outcome of the illness.

Conclusions

A period of 7–13 days after illness onset is the critical stage in the COVID-19 course. Age and male gender were independent risk factors for death of COVID-19.
Evaluation of the probiotic attributes of Bacillus strains isolated from traditional fermented African locust bean seeds (Parkia biglobosa), “daddawa”
Authors: Nwagu Tochukwu Nwamaka , Ugwuodo Chika Jude , Onwosi Chukwudi O. , Inyima Ogechukwu , Uchendu Oluoma Chizaram , Akpuru Chioma
Published: April 2020

Background

The involvement of probiotic cultures in food fermentation guarantees enhanced organoleptic properties and maximum consumer health benefits. In this study, isolated Bacillus cultures used in the fermentation of African locust bean seeds “Parkia biglobosa” into the food condiment “daddawa” were evaluated for probiotic attributes. Bacillus cereus strains BC1 and BC2 were tested for tolerance to acid, common salt (NaCl), and bile salt. Auto-aggregation and adhesion to epithelial cells, antibiotic sensitivity profile, hemolytic pattern, and antibacterial activity were also evaluated. To demonstrate further health benefit, spores of strain BC1 were investigated for anti-inflammatory potential employing the rat paw edema technique.

Results

Both Bacillus cereus strains showed antagonistic activity against pathogenic Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. BC1 was more acid-stress tolerant than BC2, maintaining 107.6% viability after 3 h incubation in MRS broth of pH 2.5. However, at 97.74% viability after incubation for 3 h, BC2 was more tolerant to 0.4 % bile salt. The Bacillus cereus strains were susceptible to all antibiotics tested with the exception of norfloxacin and thrived under high saline stress. Both strains were protease producers and non-hemolytic on sheep blood agar. The edema inhibition study revealed that spores of Bacillus cereus strain BC1 had anti-inflammation potential and produced no physiological toxicity on the animals.

Conclusion

These results indicate that the Bacillus cultures for “daddawa” production are good candidates for probiotics and have the potential for application in both animal and human formulations for increased health benefit to consumers.
Application of propidium monoazide coupled with quantitative PCR to evaluate cell viability of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis in a non-dairy probiotic beverage
Authors: Dias Carolinne Odebrecht , Scariot Mirella Crhistine , de Mello Castanho Amboni Renata Dias , Arisi Ana Carolina Maisonnave
Published: April 2020

Purpose

In this study, a PMA-qPCR assay was developed for the enumeration ofBifidobacterium animalissubsp.lactisBB-12 viable cells in a non-dairy probiotic beverage.

Methods

Probiotic viability was monitored in three formulations of probiotic passion fruit juice microencapsulated by spray drying, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C. Viable cells were quantified using qPCR and PMA-qPCR assays targetingtufgene and by plate counting method.

Results

The limit of detection for all samples was 103genome copies, corresponding to 21.3 pg of DNA. Higher CFU values were obtained forB. lactisBB-12 enumeration by qPCR, when compared to those obtained by PMA-qPCR and plate count, for all probiotic juice microcapsules. Similar quantification values were obtained by PMA-qPCR and plate counting for all samples and remained above 8 log CFU/g during the storage period.

Conclusion

These results demonstrated that the PMA-qPCR technique is a promising approach forB. lactisBB-12 viable cell enumeration in complex matrices such as passion fruit juice microcapsules. This PMA-qPCR assay allowed the achievement of reliable results faster than with the traditional plate counting method.
Perceptions of health providers towards the use of standardised trauma form in managing trauma patients: a qualitative study from Tanzania
Authors: Sawe Hendry R. , Sirili Nathanael , Weber Ellen , Coats Timothy J. , Reynolds Teri A. , Wallis Lee A.
Published: April 2020

Background

Trauma registries (TRs) are essential to informing the quality of trauma care within health systems. Lack of standardised trauma documentation is a major cause of inconsistent and poor availability of trauma data in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), hindering the development of TRs in these regions. We explored health providers’ perceptions on the use of a standardised trauma form to record trauma patient information in Tanzania.

Methods

An exploratory qualitative research using a semi-structured interview guide was carried out to purposefully selected key informants comprising of healthcare providers working in Emergency Units and surgical disciplines in five regional hospitals in Tanzania. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach to identify key themes surrounding potential implementation of the standardised trauma form.

Results

Thirty-three healthcare providers participated, the majority of whom had no experience in the use of standardised charting. Only five respondents had prior experience with trauma forms. Responses fell into three themes: perspectives on the concept of a standardised trauma form, potential benefits of a trauma form, and concerns regarding successful and sustainable implementation.

Conclusion

Findings of this study revealed wide healthcare provider acceptance of moving towards standardised clinical documentation for trauma patients. Successful implementation likely depends on the perceived benefits of using a trauma form as a tool to guide clinical management, standardise care and standardise data reporting; however, it will be important moving forward to factor concerns brought up in this study. Potential barriers to successful and sustainable implementation of the form, including the need for training and tailoring of form to match existing resources and knowledge of providers, must be considered.
Beneficial insect community of Moroccan citrus groves: assessment of their potential to enhance biocontrol services
Authors: Smaili Moulay Chrif , Boutaleb-Joutei Abdelmalek , Blenzar Abdelaali
Published: April 2020

In citrus groves, beneficial insects that reduce abundance of pests are considered a key component of integrated pest management strategies. The aim of this article was to assess the biodiversity of parasitoids and predators in citrus orchards in Moroccoto facilitate future investigations on their potential as biocontrol agents. Data of 105 citrus beneficial insects were gathered and summarized in a data matrix. Variables such nature, target pests, type, establishment, and efficacy were assessed. More than two-thirds of parasitoids and predators species identified in citrus groves of Morocco (105 species) are native (> 70%). Both groups represent only a small fraction of the introduced species. The mostly attack armored scale insects (Diaspididae) and aphids (Aphididae). The ladybeetleRodolia cardinalis(Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is the first beneficial species introduced in 1921 to the Moroccan citrus orchards to control the cottony cushion scaleIcerya purchasi(Maskell) (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae). Major introductions of these parasitoids and predators were carried out during the ninetieth to control the main citrus pests whereas they were accidentally introduced. These purposely introduced species are mainly Aphelinidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Coccinellidae, and Phytoseiidae. Whereas a high proportion of the introduced beneficial insects was established and no species have been reported to be harmful to this date. Considering only the introduced species used in classical biological control context, about 20 and 40% of them are considered as effective or partially effective, respectively.
Rethinking Detroit
Authors: Owens Raymond , Rossi-Hansberg Esteban , Sarte Pierre-Daniel
Published: April 2020

This paper studies the urban structure of Detroit—one that is clearly not optimal for its size—which features a business district immediately surrounded by largely vacant neighborhoods. A model is presented where residential externalities lead to multiple equilibria at the neighborhood level. Specifically, neighborhood development requires the coordination of developers and residents, without which it may remain vacant even with sound fundamentals. Given this mechanism, existing strategic visions to revitalize Detroit are evaluated within a quantitative spatial model that can rationalize Detroit’s current allocations. Alternative plans that rely on “development guarantees” are also considered and shown to yield better outcomes. (JEL D62, R11, R23, R32, R58)
5-methylcytosine modification of an Epstein–Barr virus noncoding RNA decreases its stability
Authors: Henry Belle A. , Kanarek Jack P. , Kotter Annika , Helm Mark , Lee Nara
Published: April 2020

Many cellular noncoding RNAs contain chemically modified nucleotides that are essential for their function. The Epstein–Barr virus expresses two highly abundant noncoding RNAs called EBV-encoded RNA 1 (EBER1) and EBER2. To examine whether these viral RNAs contain modified nucleotides, we purified native EBERs from EBV-infected cells and performed mass spectrometry analysis. While EBER2 contains no modified nucleotides at stoichiometric amounts, EBER1 was found to carry 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification. Bisulfite sequencing indicated that a single cytosine of EBER1 is methylated in ∼95% of molecules, and the RNA methyltransferase NSUN2 was identified as the EBER1-specific writer. Intriguingly, ablation of NSUN2 and thus loss of m5C modification resulted in an increase in EBER1 levels. We further found that EBER1 is a substrate for the RNase Angiogenin and cleavage in vivo is dependent on the presence of m5C, providing an explanation as to why loss of m5C increases EBER1 levels. Taken together, our observations indicate that m5C, a modification previously shown for tRNAs to oppose Angiogenin-mediated degradation, can also adversely affect RNA stability.
Practical basis of accounting assets of the organization
Authors: Kondrashova Ol'ga , Belova Lyubov' , Nikandrova Roza
Published: April 2020

Contains a brief course of lectures, tasks for practical classes, questions for self-control and tests on all sections of the accounting of assets. Also includes cross-cutting goal to conduct training practices for professional module PM.01 "Documenting of economic operations and accounting of the assets of the organization."
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of secondary professional education of the last generation.
For students of secondary vocational institutions, students majoring in 38.02.01 "Economy and accounting (on branches)".
Pathological and molecular biological analysis of renal cell carcinoma. Diagnosis and prognosis
Authors: Cherdanceva Tat'yana , Klimechev Vladimir , Bobrov Igor'
Published: April 2020

The monograph is devoted to the study of pathomorphological and molecular-biological characteristics of renal cell carcinoma and peritumoral zone depending on the degree of malignancy, and determine prognostic significance of criteria for predicting the postoperative survival of patients.
Of interest to urologists, oncologists, pathologists, researchers, graduate students, dealing with the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma and subsequent prediction of postoperative survival of patients.
Design of innovative technologies and modeling in the educational process of the University
Authors: Sergeeva Valentina
Published: April 2020

Textbook designed to assist teachers of higher and secondary professional educational institutions. Revealed the foundations of innovative development of pedagogical education, the peculiarities of the project-organizational functions of the academic staff of the University, presented the specifics of the model design and technology innovative research activities in the educational process.
It will be useful to undergraduates, graduate students, assistants, teachers and lecturers in the implementation of project and research activities with students.
INTERAÇÃO ENTRE TEXTO E LEITOR: UMA LEITURA DE “TCHAU”, DE LYGIA BOJUNGA / Interaction between text and reader: a reading of “Tchau”, by Lygia Bojunga
Authors: Macêdo Jhennefer Alves
Published: April 2020

Ao realizarmos uma breve revisão no panorama histórico que abarca os estudos que elegem a literatura como corpus de investigação e análise, constata-se que nas novas roupagens teóricas, as quais foram iniciadas desde a década de 60, um novo elo foi formado: a leitura, a experiência estética e o leitor. A partir de então, entende-se que uma obra literária, antes vista como fechada e imutável, é aberta a possíveis interpretações do leitor, assim como está em constante processo de transformação.  Ademais, interligada a essa concepção está a ideia de que os leitores não são meros receptores de textos literários acabados, ao contrário, os receptores são participantes ativos no processo da leitura e possuem relevante importância em relação à recepção e à permanência de uma obra no decorrer do tempo. Sabendo disso, o presente artigo objetiva evidenciar, por meio de um relato acerca de uma experiência, sendo essa desenvolvida em uma turma de 7º ano, do Ensino Fundamental II, de leitura com o conto “Tchau” (2008), de Lygia Bojunga, como aconteceu a recepção desse texto em sala de aula, bem como o efeito que este causou em seus leitores.  Sendo assim, para fundamentarmos as discussões desenvolvidas no decorrer desse estudo, realizamos a leitura das obras de alguns autores, tais como Iser (1996), Solé (1998), Colomer (2017) e Girotto e Souza (2010).
Development and evaluation of interprofessional patient simulation activity for physiotherapy and occupational therapy students to assess and manage patients with chronic pain
Authors: Forbes Roma , Irving Peter , Copley Jodie
Published: April 2020

Background/aims

Opportunities for interprofessional learning are a priority to prepare health professionals for the effective interprofessional assessment and management of patients with chronic pain, yet finding effective and sustainable approaches are a challenge for health professional programmes. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate an ‘interprofessional management of pain’ learning activity using simulation for physiotherapy and occupational therapy students.

Methods

A total of 40 physiotherapy and 20 occupational therapy students undertook the interprofessional management of pain learning activity. Chronic pain attitudes and beliefs (HC-PAIRS) and perception of interprofessional practice (SPICE-R) were assessed before and following the intervention. A survey relating to content and format of the activity was completed following the intervention.

Results

There was a significant improvement in total HC-PAIRS and SPICE-R scores for both student groups. Both groups demonstrated satisfaction with the activity.

Conclusions

These findings support the use of an interprofessional simulated learning activity with facilitated planning and debriefing to enhance students’ attitudes to chronic pain and interprofessional practice.