bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unconventional edge states in a two-leg ladder
Authors: Downing C A , Martín-Moreno L , Fox O I R
Published: July 2024

Some popular mechanisms for restricting the diffusion of waves include introducing disorder (to provoke Anderson localization) and engineering topologically non-trivial phases (to allow for topological edge states to form). However, other methods for inducing somewhat localized states in elementary lattice models have been historically much less studied. Here we show how edge states can emerge within a simple two-leg ladder of coupled harmonic oscillators, where it is important to include interactions beyond those at the nearest neighbor range. Remarkably, depending upon the interplay between the coupling strength along the rungs of the ladder and the next-nearest neighbor coupling strength along one side of the ladder, edge states can indeed appear at particular energies. In a wonderful manifestation of a type of bulk-edge correspondence, these edge state energies correspond to the quantum number for which additional stationary points appear in the continuum bandstructure of the equivalent problem studied with periodic boundary conditions. Our theoretical results are relevant to a swathe of classical or quantum lattice model simulators, such that the proposed edge states may be useful for applications including waveguiding in metamaterials and quantum transport.
Pressure tuning of superconductivity in TiN thin films
Authors: Zhang Yuqing , Yang Ye , Wen Xikai , Gui Zhigang , Li Yikang , Li Yanjun , Zhang Ruyi , Cao Yanwei , Ying Jianjun , Chen Xianhui
Published: July 2024

Titanium nitride (TiN) thin films are used for the fabrication of superconducting devices due to their chemical stability against oxidization and high quality at interfaces. The high-pressure technique serves as a useful tool to understand the mechanical and electrical properties of materials, which is crucial for practical applications. However, high-pressure transport measurements of thin films are extremely difficult due to the limited sample space of high-pressure cells and the fragility of thin films. Here, we successfully carried out high-pressure electrical transport and Raman measurements on TiN films up to ∼50 GPa. The superconducting transition temperature gradually decreases with increasing pressure, which can be attributed to the decrease of electron -phonon coupling and is consistent with our first-principles calculations. In addition, the coexistence of a symmetry-enforced Dirac nodal chain and a nodal box is revealed by our calculations in TiN. Our work provides a promising way to study the physical properties of thin films at high pressure, which would broaden the high-pressure research field.
First principle investigations of opto-electronic and thermoelectric response of A2TlAsX6 (A = K, Rb; X = Cl, Br) compounds
Authors: Rangar Kailash , Soni Amit , Sahariya Jagrati
Published: July 2024

We have investigated the structural, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric behavior of halide-based double perovskites A2TlAsX6 (A = K, Rb; X = Cl, Br) compounds to reveal their potential in various opto-electronic and thermoelectric applications using first-principle calculations. For the computation of the various properties of A2TlAsX6 (A = K, Rb; X = Cl, Br) compounds, we have used approximations available within density functional theory (DFT). The energy bands and density of states have been used to elucidate the electronic response of the studied compounds, while the interpretation of optical properties is presented in terms of dielectric tensor, absorption coefficient, reflectivity, refraction and energy loss spectra. The investigated compounds exhibit a direct band gap within the energy range of 1.36 to 2.24 eV, indicating the promising nature of these compounds for diverse optoelectronic applications. Moreover, thermoelectric properties such as the figure of merit, power factor, Seebeck coefficient, specific heat, electric and thermal conductivity have also been computed for the studied compounds. Our investigation unveils the remarkable optoelectronic characteristics of the studied perovskites, which can be attributed to their advantageous bandgap and highly effective light absorption capabilities. Furthermore, these perovskites showcase exceptional thermodynamic stability, elevated electrical conductivity, favorable figure of merit (ZT) values, and reduced thermal conductivities. These findings suggest their suitability for applications in optoelectronic devices and thermoelectric applications. In this study, it is found that A2TlAsBr6 compounds exhibit significant absorption in the visible spectrum, rendering them more favorable for optoelectronic applications compared to A2TlAsCl6 compounds. Conversely, for thermoelectric applications, the Cl-based perovskites studied show greater promise than their Br-based counterparts. The modified Becke–Johnson (mBJ) potential emerges as the most precise approach for analyzing the electronic, optical, and thermoelectric characteristics of A2TlAsX6 (where A = K, Rb; X = Cl, Br) perovskites, surpassing other approximations utilized in present study.
Comparative analysis of surface roughness level for bearing coating using VMD of vibration signal
Authors: Cambow Rameshwar , Singh Manpreet
Published: July 2024

Degradation in surface finish of the material is an important concern in engineering applications. However, most of the conventional techniques available to monitor the surface roughness requires dismantling of the machine element. Though in rotary components like bearing, it is practically not feasible. Therefore, in this work, an on-board technique is proposed to compare the level of surface roughness based on vibration signature. To demonstrate, five different industrial standard coatings (Nickel, Copper, Zinc phosphate (ZnP), Silver, and Black oxide) were carried out on raw five ball bearings (NBC6205). Two sets of coated bearing were prepared, where first set was utilised for experimentation and second for the purpose of measuring surface roughness of bearing surface. These coated bearings were tested at five different RPMs ranging from 300 RPM to 1500 RPM and their vibration signals were recorded. The recorded vibration signals must be having characteristics originated from ball rolling on different level of surface roughness and hence distributed in nature. Further, to target distributed characteristics present in the signal, commonly used statistical parameters for vibration signature analysis (RMS, Crest factor, Variance, Skewness, Kurtosis, Shannon entropy and Log energy) were calculated. Then, correlation of the parameters was checked in relation to the different levels of surface roughness but no relation was found. The signals were then decomposed into six intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) using Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) method. Again, same statistical parameters were calculated for these decomposed levels, it has been noted that Shannon entropy have shown correlation to surface roughness in at least one decomposed level between 900 to 1500 RPM with minimum value of chain index as 176.65. Moreover, in this RPM range, responsive frequency bands found to be shifted towards higher side i.e. from 567 to 4590 Hz.
Design and performance analysis of double gate vertically stacked MoS2 nanosheet field effect transistor
Authors: Rudravaram Srikanth , Shukla Rajendra P , Satish Maheshwaram
Published: July 2024

In this work we report a vertically stacked nanosheet Field Effect Transistor (NSFET) in double gate configuration using transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) based molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) as the conducting channel. The performance of the NSFET is analysed for number of channels, different channel thickness, different source/drain contacts. The performance of the device at different temperatures (T) also analysed. The proposed NSFET with three vertically stacked channels, exhibits a ON current (ION) of 30.6 μA μm−1, Subthreshold swing (SS) of 69 mV/dec and ON to OFF current ratio of more than 108 at Vds = 1V. Further the ION can be improved with multi-layer channel thickness. The performance of the vertically stacked MoS2 NSFET in junction less (JL) and inversion mode (IM) is compared, it is concluded from the simulations that JL vertically stacked MoS2 NSFET more immune to short channel effects such as threshold voltage (Vth) roll-off and drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL).
Laser driven wake wave in pair-ion electron plasma with inclusion of ion dynamics
Authors: Bhardwaj Priyank , Karmakar Mithun , Saini L K
Published: July 2024

The generation of laser driven plasma wake wave has been investigated in hydrogen pair-ion electron plasma. The consideration of dynamics of the positive and negative ion pair have been adopted. Inclusion of the ion motion has the effect of modifying the electric field and density profiles of the wake wave. This has been demonstrated by observing the variation of the electron density and electric field profiles with the change in positive ion/negative ion concentration. High density spikes and sawtooth like electric field profiles (indication of wave breaking) are observed to transform into sinusoidal electric field profile and low amplitude density profile when the positive ion density in the plasma system is kept higher. Furthermore, we observe the variation of the electric field amplitude of the wake wave with the laser pulse width. This feature is the indication of the possibility of hybrid acceleration (Direct Laser Acceleration and wake field acceleration) of accelerated beam. The results are quite relevant in laser plasma interaction field in experimental physics and also in planetary environment.
Bifurcation analysis with chaotic attractor for a special case of jerk system
Authors: Rasul Tahsin I , Salih Rizgar H
Published: July 2024

This article focuses on investigating local bifurcations in a special type of chaotic jerk system. It examines the occurrence and non-occurrence of saddle-node, transcritical, zero-Hopf, Hopf, and pitchfork bifurcations at the origin. The parameters that result in a zero-Hopf equilibrium point at the origin are characterized for the proposed system. Additionally, a demonstration is provided to show that the utilization of the first-order averaging theory leads to the emergence of a single periodic solution branching out from the zero-Hopf equilibrium located at the origin. Furthermore, the focus quantities method is applied to explore the periodicity of the cubic part of the system. This method helps determine the number of periodic solutions that can emerge from the Hopf point. Due to the computational load for computing singular quantities, only three singular quantities are found. Under specific conditions, it is shown that three periodic solutions can bifurcate from the origin of the system. Finally, the study also examines the chaotic attractors of the system.
Novel exact traveling wave solutions of Newton-Schrödinger system using Nucci reduction and Sardar sub-equation methods
Authors: Chahlaoui Younes , Butt Asma Rashid , Abbas Hafsa , Bekir Ahmet
Published: July 2024

The main theme of this piece of research is to tackle a coupled Newton-Schrödinger type model. Two analytical techniques namely, Nucci reduction method and Sardar sub-equation methods have been employed to scrutinize exact traveling wave solutions. Through the application of these approaches, various solitary and traveling wave solutions including bright, dark and singular periodic solitons, have been obtained. Further, we have not only discussed the physical depiction of specific solutions but have also visually presented them through two dimensional (2D), three dimensional (3D), and density plots utilizing relevant parameter values. The extracted solutions show that the proposed methods are effective, simple, and successful in pinpointing the exact solution of models in engineering, optics, and other nonlinear disciplines.
Linear and nonlinear exciton polariton dispersion in MoS2 nanosheets and its nickel doping dependence
Authors: Kaddour Sondes , Mastour Nouha , Zaimia Randa , Ridene Said , Raouafi Noureddine
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we study the influence of Ni-doping on A- and B-exciton polariton dispersion in MoS2 nanosheets. In particular, we have calculated the effect of the Ni-concentration on the energy dispersion and therefore we have deduced the effective masses by adjusting the hopping parameter. The E

A
, E

B
-exciton transition energies and the hopping parameter are discerned from the PL of Ni-MoS2 nanosheets. It is shown that the Ni changes considerably the bandgap and as a result the electronic band structure, the effective masses, the optical transition, and the hopping term. We found that the increasing concentration of Ni-dopant can modulate and favors the mixture of A- and B-exciton peaks of MoS2 nanosheets. The diverging Ni-concentration of A- and B-exciton polariton dispersion are also discerned and discussed. Finaly, we can predict that these changes caused by the influence of Ni-doping can be used in most applications involving exciton polariton dispersion for photonics and optoelectronics devices.
Observability of CMB spectrum distortions from dark matter annihilation
Authors: Li Shao-Ping
Published: July 2024

Even after dark matter chemically freezes out in the early universe, electromagnetic cascades from dark matter annihilation can still perturb the background photon spectrum when the universe temperature cools down to 0.5 keV. We revisit the CMB spectrum distortions caused by s-wave dark matter annihilation under the updated Planck data and the future CMB sensitivity, concluding that s-wave annihilation cannot create observable distortions under forecast sensitivities of the (Super-)PIXIE missions. We further detail the case of p-wave dark matter annihilation, demonstrating the observability of the primordial μ-distortion. Taking current constraints from primordial light elements, structure formations, cosmic electron-positron rays, and gamma rays, we find that the μ-distortion reaching the observational limit as large as μ ≃ 3 × 10-8 can only be realized with a dark matter mass at 10–50 MeV and a kinetic decoupling temperature around 1 keV. The upper bound of the p-wave annihilation cross section can be strengthened by an order of magnitude if the μ-distortion is not detected.
Reconstructing the long-wavelength matter density fluctuation modes from the scalar-type clustering fossils
Authors: Wang Zhenyuan , Jeong Donghui
Published: July 2024

Revealing the large-scale structure from the 21cm intensity mapping surveys is only possible after the foreground cleaning. However, most current cleaning techniques relying on the smoothness of the foreground spectrum lead to a severe side effect of removing the large-scale structure signal along the line of sight. On the other hand, the clustering fossil, a coherent variation of the small-scale clustering over large scales, allows us to recover the long-wavelength density modes from the off-diagonal correlation between short-wavelength modes. In this paper, we revisit the reconstruction based on the short-wavelength matter density modes in real space and scrutinize the requirements for an unbiased and optimal clustering-fossil estimator. We show that (A) the estimator is unbiased only when using an accurate bispectrum model for the long-short-short mode coupling and (B) including the connected four-point correlation functions is essential for characterizing the noise power spectrum of the estimated long mode. For matter in real space, the clustering fossil estimator based upon the leading-order bispectrum yields an unbiased estimation of the long-wavelength (k ≲ 0.01 [h/Mpc]) modes with the cross-correlation coefficient of 0.7 at redshifts z = 0 to 3.
Pushing the Limits of the Cosmic Origin Spectrograph (COS) with an Optimized Background Correction
Authors: Hernandez Svea , Igoshev Andrei , Taylor Jo , Sahnow David , Jones Logan
Published: July 2024

Observations utilizing the ultraviolet capabilities of the Cosmic Origin Spectrograph (COS) onboard the Hubble Space Telescope are of unique value to the astronomy community. Spectroscopy down to 900 Å with COS has enabled new science areas. However, contrary to the situation at longer wavelengths, these observations are limited by detector background noise. The background correction currently applied by the standard calibration pipeline (CalCOS) is not optimized for faint targets, limiting the scientific value of low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) observations. In this work we investigate a possible dependence of the variations of the dark rate in both segments of the COS far-ultraviolet detector on time, detector high voltage (HV), and solar activity. Through our analysis we identified a number of detector states (on a configuration basis, e.g., HV and segment) characterizing the spatial distribution of dark counts, and created superdarks to be used in an optimized two-dimensional (2D) background correction. We have developed and tested Another COS Dark Correction (ACDC), a dedicated pipeline to perform a 2D background correction based on statistical methods, producing background-corrected and flux-calibrated spectra. While our testing of ACDC showed an average improvement in S/N values of ∼10%, in a few cases the improvements in S/N reached 60% across the whole wavelength range of individual segments.
Plasma control for the step prototype power plant
Authors: Lennholm M. , Aleiferis S. , Bakes S. , Bardsley O.P. , van Berkel M. , Casson F.J. , Chaudry F. , Conway N.J. , Hender T.C. , Henderson S.S. , Hudoba A. , Kool B. , Lafferty M. , Meyer H. , Mitchell J. , Mitra A. , Osawa R. , Otin R. , Parrott A. , Thompson T. , Xia G. ,   the STEP Team
Published: July 2024

In 2019 the UK launched the Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) programme to design and build a prototype electricity producing nuclear fusion power plant, aiming to start operation around 2040. The plant should lay the foundation for the development of commercial nuclear fusion power plants. The design is based on the spherical tokamak principle, which opens a route to high pressure, steady state, operation. While facilitating steady state operation, the spherical design introduces some specific plasma control challenges: (i) All plasma current during the burn phase should to be generated through non-inductive means, dominated by bootstrap current. This leads to operation at high normalised plasma pressureβNwith high plasma elongation, which in turn imposes effective active stabilisation of the vertical plasma position. (ii) The tight aspect ratio means very limited space for a central solenoid, imposing that even the current ramp up must be non-inductively generated. (iii) The compact design leads to extreme heat loads on plasma facing components. A double null design has been chosen to spread this load, putting strict demands on the control of the unstable vertical plasma position. (iv) The heat pulses associated with unmitigated ELMs are unlikely to be acceptable imposing ELM free operation or active ELM control. (v) To reduce and spread heat loads, core and divertor radiation and momentum loss has to be controlled, aiming to operate with simultaneously detached upper and lower divertors. (vi) High pressure operation is likely to require active resistive wall mode (RWM) stabilisation. (vii) The conductivity distribution in structures near the plasma must be carefully selected to reduce the growth rates for the vertical instability and the RWM without damping the penetration of the of magnetic fields from active control coils too much. This article describes the initial work carried out to develop a STEP plasma control system.
Corrigendum: Preparation of microfluidic chips by electroplating and used for microdroplet study (2023 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. Vol 2652, 012009.)
Authors: Zhang Zhengtao , He Rongxiang
Published: July 2024

Please see Article PDF for corrigendum text.
Metal-organic frameworks: synthesis, properties, wound dressing, challenges and scopes in advanced wound dressing
Authors: Khan Muhammad Umar Aslam , Aslam Muhammad Azhar , Yasin Tooba , Abdullah Mohd Faizal Bin , Stojanović Goran M , Siddiqui Humaira Masood , Hasan Anwarul
Published: July 2024

Wound healing is a critical but complex biological process of skin tissue repair and regeneration resulting from various systems working together at the cellular and molecular levels. Quick wound healing and the problems associated with traditional wound repair techniques are being overcome with multifunctional materials. Over time, this research area has drawn significant attention. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), owning to their peculiar physicochemical characteristics, are now considered a promising class of well-suited porous materials for wound healing in addition to their other biological applications. This detailed literature review provides an overview of the latest developments in MOFs for wound healing applications. We have discussed the synthesis, essential biomedical properties, wound-healing mechanism, MOF-based dressing materials, and their wound-healing applications. The possible major challenges and limitations of MOFs have been discussed, along with conclusions and future perspectives. This overview of the literature review addresses MOFs-based wound healing from several angles and covers the most current developments in the subject. The readers may discover how the MOFs advanced this discipline by producing more inventive, useful, and successful dressings. It influences the development of future generations of biomaterials for the healing and regeneration of skin wounds.
Heteroploid F1 hybrids generated from Coffea canephora × C. arabica interploidy crossing
Authors: Dani  , Rokhmah D N , Supriadi H , Randriani E
Published: July 2024

Distant hybrids between two coffee species was considered promising for breeders to select novel genotypes highly resilient to changing global climate, despite pre- and or post-zygotic barriers. However, the different ploidy between C. arabica (2n=4x=44) and its diploid counterparts was another challenging barrier. The expected ploidy level for developed F1 hybrid was triploid. This study was aimed to identify ploidy level of F1 hybrids generated from Coffea canephora × C. arabica interploidy crossing. Ploidy determination was held using indirect methods, i.e. based on morphometric analysis of pollen and stomatal guard cells. Polar and equatorial diameter of 300 freshly collected pollen from each of six individuals of F1 hybrids were measured using ImageJ software. Stomatal frequency was measured as the number of guard cells on leaf area of 1 mm2. Pollen and stomatal guard cells of their diploid maternal and tetraploid paternal were also measured to be used as a standard for ploidy level determination. Generated datasets were immediately analysis statistically using t-Test procedure. The results shows that four of six F1 hybrid individuals had similar pollen size as well as stomatal density to diploid maternal. Meanwhile, another single individual was similar to tetraploid paternal. However, the rest of single individuals were similar to both of maternal and paternal. Based on those results, it could be inferred that there weres three different ploidy levels among F1 hybrid individuals, namely diploid, triploid, and tetraploid.
Antimicrobial Assessment of Hand Sanitizers Formulated from Neem Leaf Extract (Azadirachta indica) and Coconut Shell Liquid Smoke
Authors: Akbar S , Faisal M , Desvita H
Published: July 2024

The widespread use of alcohol/ethanol-based hand sanitizers has raised concerns due to the concurrent issues of skin irritation, allergies, childhood poisoning risks, and the potential for bacterial resistance to antibiotics, which may disrupt the human digestive system. This study explores the potential of Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) and liquid smoke as natural alternatives to alcohol-based antiseptics. The objective is to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of hand sanitizers containing Neem leaf extract and coconut shell liquid smoke against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Hand sanitizers were prepared by mixing 4g of Neem leaf extract with varying quantities of coconut shell liquid smoke (labeled as A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5, corresponding to 0g, 1g, 3g, 5g, and 7g, respectively). distilled water was then added until the total volume reached 100 ml. The solution was then stabilized with 0.5g of Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC) and 10g of glycerin. Results indicate that formulations A1, A2, A3, and A5 exhibit moderate inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli, with inhibition zone diameters of 6.02 mm, 8.17 mm, 9.67 mm, and 9.11 mm, respectively. Notably, formulation A4 displays strong inhibitory activity (11.15 mm). For Salmonella typhimurium, formulations A4 and A5 demonstrate very strong antimicrobial properties with inhibition zones measuring 11.68 mm and 12.59 mm, respectively. These findings suggest that hand sanitizers comprising Neem leaf extract and liquid smoke possess the potential as environmentally friendly, natural antiseptics.
What is carbonic maceration coffee? A mini review on production and quality
Authors: Azmi N , Abubakar Y , Widayat HP , Nilda C , Yunika M , Andini S , Rahmi F , Muzaifa M
Published: July 2024

Currently there is very rapid development in the processing of coffee beans. Various types of coffee processing are currently available to produce higher quality coffee. This is related to the increasing market demand for coffee. Carbonic Maceration is a coffee processing method that is starting to develop in Indonesia. The fermentation process using the carbonate maceration method actually adapts the fermentation process implemented in the wine industry. The goal is quite simple, produce a consistent final product and add a unique and new taste compared to using conventional methods. As a relatively new process, we are trying to describe the knowledge regarding the process and quality of macerated carbonic coffee products which are still rarely studied. The purpose of this mini review is to provide an overview of the principles of carbonic maceration coffee processing, including methods, types and product quality both chemically and sensory. It is hoped that this study will provide an initial understanding of carbonic maceration coffee processing.
Edible coating effect on physicochemical properties of banana (Musa sapientum L.) during storage
Authors: Refilda R , Gustira D , Yefrida Y , Hanifa D
Published: July 2024

Banana (Musa sp.) is very important fruit crops in the tropical world. It is recognized for its potential health benefits and nutritional richness. Banana fruit is semi perishable food that rot quickly. Edible coating is a very useful technique to extend the shelf life of fruit and maintain quality for processing post-harvest fruits. In this research, coating of banana fruit (Musa sapientum L.) was carried out using aloe vera gel as a base material and modified by water extract of sungkai leaves. The aim of this research is to obtain the right composition of coating material to extend the shelf life of bananas. Five formulas (F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5 of coating material were prepared and coated on the Banana fruit. The coated banana fruit was evaluated for physicochemical properties using the Standard Methods at storage times of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days. Banana fruit coating with formula F3 (30% Aloe vera gel, 40% Sungkai leaf extract, 2.0% CMC and 1.0% glycerol) showed the best performance on the days 9 with the weight loss 10.28+0.05%, fruit hardness 10.3+0.05 Newton, total acid titration 0.27+0.01%, Total Soluble Solid 27.67+0.58 °Brix, total antioxidants of 18.84+0.12 mgAAE/gFW and total phenolics 33.27+0.20 mgGAE/gFW compared to other compositions. In conclusion, coating Banana fruit with this coating material can extend the shelf life from 3 to 9 days.
Fairtrade coffee and the path to prosperity: a study of smallholder farmers in Bener Meriah Regency
Authors: Aulia M R , Syahputra R A , Siregar M P A , Nasution A , Bagio
Published: July 2024

This study delves into the causal effect of Fairtrade affiliation on coffee productivity. It employs treatment effect and propensity score matching models, utilizing data gathered from 128 randomly selected smallholder coffee farmers in Bener Meriah Regency. This study significantly expands our understanding of the role Fairtrade affiliation plays in boosting the productivity of smallholder coffee farms, all the while ensuring it has no adverse effects on the environment and its underlying factors. The findings unequivocally demonstrate that Fairtrade affiliation leads to a substantial increase in coffee productivity. Expanding Fairtrade’s reach emerges as a crucial strategy to bolster the positive impact on coffee farmers.
Induction and multiplication of callus of AS2K clones Coffea arabica L. through 2,4-D and BAP combination
Authors: Munawarti A , Nurhury R L , Arimarsetiowati R , Prastowo E , Hakim L
Published: July 2024

Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) has dominated international trade with more than 70% of global coffee production because of it’s taste was more preferred than the other types of coffee. The AS2K clone of C. arabica is a superior clone with high productivity, resistance to pests and diseases, and has a good taste. To maintain these characters, the appropriate propagation is by vegetatively. The aim of this research was to induce callus formation from C. arabica leaves, and to multiplicate the callus on twelve (12) combinations of 2,4-D and BAP as an effort to develop a method for propagating Arabica coffee. Callus induction was conducted on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2,4-D 2 mg/L combined with BAP 1 mg/l, and then the multiplication of these callus on MS medium with 12 combinations of 2,4-D (2, 3, or 4 mg/L) and BAP (0, 0.25, or 1 mg/L). The research design used a completely randomized design with 3 replications, and each replication contained 5 callus pieces. The results showed that the combination of 2 ppm 2,4-D and 1 ppm BAP was able to induce callus formation from leaf explants by 49% at week 3 culture, yellowish white in color and friable in texture. Combination of 2,4-D 3 mg/L and BAP 0.5 mg/L provide the best result for callus multiplication.
Chemical and sensory characteristics of Arabica Gayo coffee (Tim-Tim longberry) with different brewing techniques
Authors: Nilda C , Hasni D , Rahmany M , Setiawan F , Harianto R
Published: July 2024

Tim-Tim is one of the superior varieties of Gayo Arabica coffee. The cupping test method was used to determine the flavor of the coffee according to the brewing technique. However, only a few studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of brewing processes on the physicochemical and sensory qualities of Gayo Arabica coffee, especially Tim-Tim longberry. This study aimed to determine the effect of brewing techniques, i.e., tubruk, V60, Aeropress, and French Press, on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Arabica Gayo tim-tim longberry coffee. The green bean of Arabica Gayo single origin Tim-Tim longberry coffee had a moisture content of 8.5%, ash content of 4.1%, protein content of 12.35%, fat content of 4.9%, and L*a*b color with L* (33.35) dark, a* (-8) green, and b* (13.4) yellow. The average pH of Arabica Gayo tim-tim longberry coffee was 4.5, total soluble solids was 2.1°Brix, and caffeine content was 1.2%. The tubruk technique is recommended for brewing Arabica Gayo Tim-Tim longberry coffee because it is simple to use and produces coffee with excellent flavor and taste.
Profile red blood cell of local cat during auto skin graft healing which are given platelet rich plasma (PRP) and treated with tilapia fish bio dressing
Authors: Abellisa A , Sriningsih C , Etriwati E , Sugito S , Asmilia N , Erwin E
Published: July 2024

The use of auto skin grafts is a solution to rehabilitate the anatomy and function of the wound area. This study aims to observe differences in the red blood profile of local cats using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and Tilapia Mozambique skin bio-dressing during ASG healing. The study used 6 male domestic cats aged 1-2 years with a body weight of 2-4 kg which were divided into 2 treatment groups. The first surgical procedure, a 2x2 cm wound was created period of 4 days. The second surgical operation involved doing an ASG using a donor from the thoracic region to the area where the wound developed. In the first group (T-I) used bio-dressing, while treatment in the second group (T-II) used bio-dressing added PRP. Blood collection was carried out through the Cephalica antebrachii vein on days 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 after surgery. The red blood profile including erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) fluctuated not significantly (P>0.05) while mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and platelets fluctuated significantly. significantly different (P<0.05) between the treatment groups and the time of observation. As an alternate dressing and treatment that can aid in the healing of ASG, PRP and bio dressing can be applied.
Excessive caffeine use and its consequence on mental illness: a cross-sectional study in Indonesia
Authors: Marthoenis M , Jannah M
Published: July 2024

Coffee is one of the most popular beverages globally. People often drink coffee for its caffeine content and its stimulating effects. However, excessive coffee consumption, like any other dietary or behavioral excess, can negatively affect physical and mental health. This study investigates the association between excessive coffee use and mental problems. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 392 respondents in Aceh, Indonesia. Excessive coffee use was measured using a questionnaire, while mental illness was screened using DASS-21. Other sociodemographic variables were also examined and treated as possible predictors. The prevalence of excessive coffee use (>400 mg per day) was 15.6%. The prevalence of depression was 23.2%, anxiety was 40.8%, and stress was 12.8%. The amount of caffeine consumption was correlated with depression (rs
= 0.11, p = 0.01), anxiety (rs
= 0.13, p = 0.001), and stress (rs
= 0.14, p = 0.001), indicating that as the amount of coffee consumption increased, the score of mental problem also increased. The study established a noteworthy correlation between caffeine intake and mental health, suggesting that as coffee consumption increased, so did the scores for depression, anxiety, and stress. These findings underscore the importance of considering coffee consumption habits and their potential impact on mental well-being in clinical and public health contexts.
Effectiveness of cigarette butt filters as eco-friendly cellulose acetate membranes for organic contaminant removal
Authors: Ambarita A C , Mulyati S , Fauzi F , Muchtar S , Luthfiana A , Thinisah A , Rezeki S
Published: July 2024

Cigarette waste is a persistent environmental problem that requires innovative solutions due to the inadequacy of traditional recycling methods. This paper explores the conversion of cigarette butt filters (CBFs) into raw material for cellulose acetate (CA) membrane production. This study prepared two types of membranes: 12% CBF and 12% CA as a control variable. The resulting material was evaluated for its properties and performance as an ultrafiltration membrane for organic contaminant removal. The result demonstrates that the CBF-based membrane exhibits superior characteristics to a CA-based membrane. This improvement is evident in the increased presence of hydroxyl (-OH) groups and enhanced porosity CA 18,37% and CBF 19,66%. Furthermore, the permeability of the CBF membrane has also increased, making it an efficient tool for maintaining humic acid removal CBF 79,02% and CA 66,18% while achieving a high flux ratio recovery CA 65,25 % and CBF 87,97%. The findings in this paper emphasize the promising potential of reusing cigarette waste as an eco-friendly membrane with high humic acid rejection and good antifouling properties.
The distribution of macroalgae in the Aceh north-western coastline
Authors: Bhernama B. G. , Febriani  , Iqbalsyah T. M.
Published: July 2024

Macroalgae are polyphyletic multicellular plants that generally inhabit the littoral zone of the seashore. Aceh Province has a coastline stretching along the east, north and west ends of Sumatra Island; thus, various macroalga species may be found. This research aims to study the distribution of macroalga species at four locations on the north-western side of Aceh, including three sites in Aceh Besar District (Lhoknga, Lange, and Ujung Pancu Beaches) and one site in Banda Aceh City (Ulee Lheue Beach). Sampling was done across 50 meters of the seashore and 1 meter towards the sea. The sampling was conducted using a 1×1 meter quadrant transect method with sampling points every 10 meters. The morphology determination shows that five species of macroalga grew at Lhoknga Beach, namely Valoniopsis pachynema, Halimeda opuntia, Turbinaria decurrens, Sargassum plagiophyllum, and Padina australis. Lange Beach had three macroalgae species: Chaetomorpha linum, Laurencia obtusa, and Sargassum plagiophyllum. Meanwhile, Ujung Pancu Beach has four macroalga species: Halymenia durvillei, Turbinaria decurrens, Ulva lactuca and Sargassum plagiophyllum. At Ulee Lheue Beach, five species were found: Gracilaria edulis, Caulerpa taxifolia, Hypnea musciformis, Padina australis, and Acanthophora spicifera. In total, 13 macroalga species were distributed on Aceh’s north-western coast.
Enhancing regional resilience: assessing tidal flood vulnerability and adaptation strategies in a coastal community
Authors: Akbar S A Q , Syahreza S , Oktari R S
Published: July 2024

This study aims to assess the vulnerability of communities in Sungai Pauh, Sungai Pauh Pusaka, and Sungai Pauh Tanjung, Langsa, Aceh Province to tidal flooding, and understand their adaptation strategies and the main socio-economic and environmental contributors to vulnerability. A mixed methods approach combines quantitative vulnerability index calculations with qualitative data from interviews. We assessed the vulnerability index using secondary data sources (population density, gender, vulnerable age, poor population, and disabled population) to evaluate the vulnerability of communities. The 34 key informants represent various levels of society, including village officials, government employees, and the community. High social vulnerability was identified, related to population density, gender, age, poverty, and disability, while economic vulnerability was low due to dependence on fishing. The recommendations include knowledge dissemination, public awareness campaigns, the formation of community groups for flood relief, and infrastructure development, with a focus on channel reconstruction to increase resilience and reduce the impact of tidal floods.
Determinants of implementing clean and healthy living behaviors in covid-19 survivors
Authors: Pradipta H M , Rosemary R
Published: July 2024

There are several ways to prevent Covid-19 infection, one of which involves implementing Clean and Healthy Living Behavior or Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS). It is crucial for individuals to receive health education, especially concerning PHBS, as it is a means of avoiding the contraction of the Covid-19 virus. Covid-19 survivors undoubtedly possess valuable real-life experiences gained from their battles against this virus, and these experiences can significantly impact the prevention of positive case transmissions in their surrounding environments. This research aims to investigate the implementation of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) in Covid-19 survivors. This study involved 210 individuals representing households who live in the Kuta Alam, Banda Aceh. This research is based on Lawrence Green’s theory, which identifies three factors influencing people’s behavior: predisposing factors, reinforcing factors, and enabling factors. The chosen analytical method for this research is quantitative, utilizing regression analysis. The research shows that PHBS implementation’s effectiveness (Y) is significantly impacted partially by Predisposing Factors (X1), Enabling Factors (X3), and Reinforcing Factors (X2). The findings of this research can guide policies on Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) for Covid-19 survivors and provide reference material for disaster-related fields and future researchers.
The influence of air movement in providing thermal comfort in naturally ventilated old Mosque Gunong Kleng, West Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Aiyubi T M A , Sari L H , Safwan
Published: July 2024

Mosques were created to fulfill the needs of Muslims in prayer, therefore thermal comfort is critical to consider so that the congregation is comfortable and can focus and feel at home while praying. The typology of ancient mosques reflects the community’s traditions and culture, as well as local knowledge values. Natural ventilation, which acts as a natural air exchange mechanism, is one facet of thermal comfort. The Gunong Kleng Mosque, founded in 1927, is one of West Aceh Regency’s ancient mosques. However, design adjustments have been made, such as the installation of wooden boards to on terraced roof. The air flow from the building’s roof is blocked, resulting in inefficient air exchange. The goal of this study is to determine thermal performance and the effect of air movement on thermal comfort at the Old Gunong Kleng Mosque. This study employed a quantitative approach using field measurements of air temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity. An anemometer and a USB data logger were utilized to collect data. Field measurements revealed that ET comfort in the mosque was 78% too hot, 16% warm comfortable, and 6% for optimal comfort. Ansys Fluet simulation with two types of situations was used to forecast air speed, demonstrating that changes in the design of the stepped roof had a significant impact on the air speed within the mosque. When opposed to an open roof, a closed roof slightly lowered the ambient temperature in the prayer room.
Mapping the Landscape Potential of Jakarta’s Old Town Area Based on the Spirit of Place’s Concept
Authors: Seanders O , Fitri R , Fauzi R , Widjaja H , Shadrina N N , Harlisana R H , Rafiqu A’la Y A , Besari R B
Published: July 2024

As Jakarta undergoes the rapid development with a growing population, the historic Old Town area experience multi transformation, marked by the contamination and urban development. The Old Town area of Jakarta, as an invaluable historical trace, shows the diversity of artifacts and potential that make it a special area in North Jakarta and West Jakarta (Pinangsia, Taman Sari, and Roa Malaka). This study uses an urban landscape approach with the dimensions sense of historic solemnity, sense of community, and sense of risk to detail new resources in the development of the Old Town landscape. Research findings show that the spirit of place in the Roa Malaka area, especially through green open spaces, is the most complete area in terms of sense experience. Spatially, the spirit of the place is centered around the Intan Bridge, prompting the recommendation to turn it into a backdrop for an outdoor museum or open-air museum. This research provides an overview of the potential of the Old Town landscape based on the spirit of place, proposing a practical approach for preserving historical and cultural heritage in the context of sustainable urban development.
Dynamic systems analysis of waste generation in Banda Aceh: a comprehensive evaluation
Authors: Safitri D , Suhendrayatna S , Arahman N
Published: July 2024

Many researchers state that municipal waste management is a city service that must be provided effectively to all residents to achieve prosperity because this problem has been considered a serious problem facing cities. One alternative to look at the waste problem is to evaluate the waste management system using a dynamic system model. The research aims to evaluate the conditions of waste generation in order to optimize waste management efforts in Banda Aceh. A simulation model was conducted in this research based on a dynamic system using Powersim and Stella software. The treatment carried out include collecting primary and secondary data, creating Causal Loop Diagrams and Stock Flow Diagrams, as well as simulations of waste generation based on existing data spanning the years 2017 to 2022. Results show that Banda Aceh City’s waste generation continues to increase with exponential growth behavior during 2017-2022. Simulation results show that in 2030, this waste will reach 255,043 tons with a waste generation rate of 0.63761 tons per year. Results of dynamic system modeling show a sustainable increase in waste production caused by an increase in population. Model validation analysis shows that AVE and MAVE values obtained were 0.0037 and 0.0631, respectively. These results were considered acceptable since they were both less than 10%.
Endosulfan pesticide detection using an electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)
Authors: Bow Y , Syakdani A , Purnamasari I , Pratama MY
Published: July 2024

Pesticides and herbicides are active chemicals used to eradicate plant pests which constitute contamination if they exceed the threshold for the environment and humans. Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) is a technique for making polymers that are obtained from cross-linked polymers and have cavities that match the template, where the cavities function as a medium for mechanical interaction of molecules with the same size, shape, structure, and physicochemical properties. The polymer produced from the MIP technique is applied to the surface of the sensor material as an endosulfan detection. This research aims to create an endosulfan MIP to obtain a potentiometric MIP sensor capable of detecting endosulfan. The results showed that the optimum conditions for making MIP endosulfan were obtained with a composition of 6.02 mL of chloroform; 0.025 g endosulfan; 0.9 mL methacrylic acid (MAA); 1.57 mL ethylene glycol dimethacrylate acid (EGDMA); 0.07 g benzoyl peroxide with a heating time of 150 minutes at a temperature of 70 °C. The sensor performance test was carried out potentiometrically and it was found that the MIP endosulfan sensor that was made had sensitivity and stability in the concentration range of 0.01-1.0x10−6 ppm with a lifetime up to 90 days.
Study comparison of ground subsidence due to preloading installation of egg tray triangular vertical drains with distance variations on a small laboratory scale
Authors: Munirwansyah M , Munirwan R P , Milasafarah S
Published: July 2024

The approach to infrastructure development is conducted on soft clay soil, which introduces the threat of consolidation-induced subsidence. The construction soil must possess adequate bearing capacity and shear strength to withstand the loads imposed on it throughout the construction process. Soil with low shear strength necessitates reinforcement to enhance its bearing capacity. This study aims to investigate the effects of preloading on the settlement behavior of soft soil. Applying clay-filled test containers, the laboratory implements the method through a small-scale model approach. As preloading, an embankment load is applied to the soil. The supplementary weight was incrementally increased by 1 kg, 2 kg, 4 kg, 8 kg, and 16 kg for five days. The sample experiments that were conducted were EgVD-0, EgVD S-17, and EgVd S-29. Consolidation was observed in the outcomes of the EgVD S-17 and EgVD s-29 investigations, surpassing EgVD-0 by 53.69% and 57.19%, respectively. EgVD S-17 of 3.56 cm and EgVD S-29 of 3.92 cm were present along with an EgVD-0 decrease of 1.65 cm.