bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Repetitive DNA Profiles Reveal Evidence of Rapid Genome Evolution and Reflect Species Boundaries in Ground Beetles
Authors: Sproul John S , Barton Lindsey M , Maddison David R
Published: April 2020

Genome architecture is a complex, multidimensional property of an organism defined by the content and spatial organization of the genome’s component parts. Comparative study of entire genome architecture in model organisms is shedding light on mechanisms underlying genome regulation, evolution, and diversification, but such studies require costly analytical approaches which make extensive comparative study impractical for most groups. However, lower-cost methods that measure a single architectural component (e.g., distribution of one class of repeats) have potential as a new data source for evolutionary studies insofar as that measure correlates with more complex biological phenomena, and for which it could serve as part of an explanatory framework. We investigated copy number variation (CNV) profiles in ribosomal DNA (rDNA) as a simple measure reflecting the distribution of rDNA subcomponents across the genome. We find that signatures present in rDNA CNV profiles strongly correlate with species boundaries in the breve species group of Bembidion, and vary across broader taxonomic sampling in Bembidion subgenus Plataphus. Profiles of several species show evidence of re-patterning of rDNA-like sequences throughout the genome, revealing evidence of rapid genome evolution (including among sister pairs) not evident from analysis of traditional data sources such as multigene data sets. Major re-patterning of rDNA-like sequences has occurred frequently within the evolutionary history of Plataphus. We confirm that CNV profiles represent an aspect of genomic architecture (i.e., the linear distribution of rDNA components across the genome) via fluorescence in-situ hybridization. In at least one species, novel rDNA-like elements are spread throughout all chromosomes. We discuss the potential of copy number profiles of rDNA, or other repeats, as a low-cost tool for incorporating signal of genomic architecture variation in studies of species delimitation and genome evolution. [Bembidion; Carabidae; copy number variation profiles; rapid genome evolution; ribosomal DNA; species delimitation.]
An androgen-independent mechanism underlying the androgenic effects of 3-methylcholanthrene, a potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist
Authors: Sanada Noriko , Gotoh-Kinoshita Yuka , Yamashita Naoya , Kizu Ryoichi
Published: April 2020

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and androgen receptor (AR) are ligand-activated transcription factors with profound cross-talk between their signal transduction pathways. Previous studies have shown that AhR agonists activate the transcription of AR-regulated genes in an androgen-independent manner; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To decipher this mechanism, we evaluated the effects of 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), a potent AhR agonist, on the transcription of AR-regulated genes in three AR-expressing cell lines. 3MC induced the expression of not only three representative AR-regulated chromosomal genes but also the exogenous AR-responsive luciferase reporter gene. No significant difference in the 3MC-induced luciferase activity was detected in the presence of SKF-525A, a non-specific inhibitor of CYP enzymes. The androgenic effects of 3MC were diminished by AhR and AR knockdown. Following 3MC treatment, the amount of nuclear AhR and AR increased synchronously. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that AhR and AR formed a complex in the nucleus of cells treated with 3MC. AR was recruited to the proximal promoter and distal enhancer regions of the PSA gene upon the addition of 3MC. We propose that AhR activated by 3MC forms a complex with unliganded AR which translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Nuclear AR now binds the transcriptional regulatory region of AR-regulated genes and activates the transcription.
X-Linked Hyper IgM Syndrome Manifesting as Recurrent Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia: A Case Report
Authors: Huang Sai Hu , Meng Xiang Ying , Bai Zhen Jiang , Li Ying , Wu Shui Yan
Published: April 2020

We reported a Chinese boy with X-linked hyper IgM (XHIGM) syndrome, manifesting as recurrent and severe pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii. His parents were healthy and unrelated. In August 2018, the 5-month-old boy manifested as cough and dyspnea, and then in July 2019, he was admitted because of the same symptoms. Immunological results of the two admissions both showed low IgG, low IgA, normal IgM and high levels of 1,3-β-D-glucan (BDG). Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), great reading counts of P. jirovecii were identified from the deep sputum in both admissions. Caspofungin combined with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were used to anti-infection, and he recovered quickly. Whole-exome sequencing was performed for this family because of immune suppression, the disease-causing gene (exon 10–22 of CD40L) deletion for XHIGM syndrome was identified. NGS is beneficial for etiology diagnosis. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia as an opportunistic infection could be recurrent in patients with XHIGM syndrome.
Effect of Increasing Pulse Phase Duration on Neural Responsiveness of the Electrically Stimulated Cochlear Nerve
Authors: He Shuman , Xu Lei , Skidmore Jeffrey , Chao Xiuhua , Riggs William J. , Wang Ruijie , Vaughan Chloe , Luo Jianfen , Shannon Michelle , Warner Cynthia
Published: April 2020

Objectives:

The aim of this study is to (1) investigate the effects of increasing the pulse phase duration (PPD) on the neural response of the electrically stimulated cochlear nerve (CN) in children with CN deficiency (CND) and (2) compare the results from the CND population to those measured in children with normal-sized CNs.

Design:

Study participants included 30 children with CND and 30 children with normal-sized CNs. All participants used a Cochlear Nucleus device in the test ear. For each subject, electrically evoked compound action potential (eCAP) input/output (I/O) functions evoked by single biphasic pulses with different PPDs were recorded at three electrode locations across the electrode array. PPD durations tested in this study included 50, 62, 75, and 88 μsec/phase. For each electrode tested for each study participant, the amount of electrical charge corresponding to the maximum comfortable level measured for the 88 μsec PPD was used as the upper limit of stimulation. The eCAP amplitude measured at the highest electrical charge level, the eCAP threshold (i.e., the lowest level that evoked an eCAP), and the slope of the eCAP I/O function were measured. Generalized linear mixed effect models with study group, electrode location, and PPD as the fixed effects and subject as the random effect were used to compare these dependent variables measured at different electrode locations and PPDs between children with CND and children with normal-sized CNs.

Results:

Children with CND had smaller eCAP amplitudes, higher eCAP thresholds, and smaller slopes of the eCAP I/O function than children with normal-sized CNs. Children with CND who had fewer electrodes with a measurable eCAP showed smaller eCAP amplitudes and flatter eCAP I/O functions than children with CND who had more electrodes with eCAPs. Increasing the PPD did not show a statistically significant effect on any of these three eCAP parameters in the two subject groups tested in this study.

Conclusions:

For the same amount of electrical charge, increasing the PPD from 50 to 88 μsec for a biphasic pulse with a 7 μsec interphase gap did not significantly affect CN responsiveness to electrical stimulation in human cochlear implant users. Further studies with different electrical pulse configurations are warranted to determine whether evaluating the eCAP sensitivity to changes in the PPD can be used as a testing paradigm to estimate neural survival of the CN for individual cochlear implant users.
Short-Term Impact of FS-LASIK and SMILE on Dry Eye Metrics and Corneal Nerve Morphology
Authors: Recchioni Alberto , Sisó-Fuertes Irene , Hartwig Andreas , Hamid Amir , Shortt Alex John , Morris Robert , Vaswani Sundeep , Dermott Jay , Cerviño Alejandro , Wolffsohn James Stuart , O'Donnell Clare
Published: April 2020

Purpose:

To analyze the short-term (up to 1 month) clinical outcomes in patients undergoing corneal laser refractive surgery and the impact on dry eye disease (DED) metrics and corneal nerves using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).

Methods:

The unaided distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, and spherical equivalent refraction (SEQ) were determined in 16 and 13 patients undergoing FS-LASIK and SMILE, respectively. DED metrics assessed were Ocular Surface Disease Index, Dry Eye Questionnaire 5-items (DEQ-5), tear film osmolarity, tear meniscus height, noninvasive keratograph breakup time (NIKBUT), ocular staining, and meibomian gland atrophy. An automated analysis of corneal nerve fiber density, corneal nerve branch density, corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), and corneal nerve fiber fractal dimension were obtained from the IVCM scans using ACCMetrics software (University of Manchester).

Results:

Both surgical techniques provided good refractive and visual outcomes. DED symptoms were found to be higher after FS-LASIK compared with SMILE (P < 0.05). A decrease in tear meniscus height (∼31%) and NIKBUT (∼40%) was reported after FS-LASIK (P = 0.005 and P = 0.001, respectively) but not after SMILE. Both procedures affected corneal nerve fiber density, corneal nerve branch density, CNFL, and corneal nerve fiber fractal dimension, but the impact was significantly greater with FS-LASIK (P = 0.001). Only CNFL correlated with the reported symptoms (DEQ-5) after FS-LASIK (r = −0.545, P = 0.029).

Conclusions:

FS-LASIK and SMILE provided good refractive and visual outcomes. There was an increased impact on DED symptoms after FS-LASIK compared with SMILE, although there were no significant differences between the procedures for most of the other ocular surface metrics assessed. The IVCM findings showed that SMILE had less impact on corneal nerves compared with FS-LASIK.
Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis Secondary to Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Mishra Amit V. , Cadieux Danielle C. , Gjerde Harald , Lewis Darrell R.
Published: April 2020

Purpose:

To report a case of peripheral ulcerative keratitis secondary to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Methods:

We report the case of a 76-year-old man who presented with bilateral aggressive peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Clinical examinations and investigations are reported from the patients' admission.

Results:

The patient had an extended workup for autoimmune and infectious etiologies that all returned negative. The laboratory work in conjunction with renal biopsy and clinical symptoms were consistent with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. The patient was treated with systemic steroids for his peripheral ulcerative keratitis and underlying systemic disease. Corneal glueing and amniotic membrane grafting was also performed.

Conclusions:

To our knowledge, we report the first known case of peripheral ulcerative keratitis secondary to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. In cases where the standard workup is negative, this diagnosis should be considered because it can have significant systemic morbidity.
From Cord to Eye: Wharton Jelly-Derived Stem Cells Differentiate Into Corneal Endothelial–Like Cells
Authors: Feiertag Erik , Maassen Jessika , Mueller Anna , Harnisch Emely , Skazik-Voogt Claudia , Engelmann Katrin , Schrage Norbert , Gutermuth Angela
Published: April 2020

Purpose:

A malfunction of the corneal endothelium leading to corneal opacity is one of the main causes of impaired vision. Currently, keratoplasty is the one and only donor cornea–dependent treatment, and this calls for alternatives because of the worldwide lack of donor corneas. Recently, the topography of Descemet membrane (DM) has been discovered as a feasible stem cell differentiation tool. With this study, we further confirm this mechanotransductive system by using preinduced Wharton jelly–derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-EPCs).

Methods:

To measure the mechanotransductive potential of Descemet-like topography (DLT), WJ-EPCs were cultivated on collagen imprints with DLT. Changes in the gene and protein expressions of corneal endothelial cells (CECs), typical markers such as zonula occludens (ZO-1), sodium/potassium (Na/K)-ATPase, paired-like homeodomain 2 (PITX2), and collagen 8 (COL-8) were measured. In addition, CEC functionality has been evaluated by measuring the relative potential differences in a 2-compartment system and by measuring corneal transparency in an ex vivo rabbit cornea model. To confirm the activity of WJ-EPCs, rabbit CECs were restless deleted by collagen digestion of a thin layer of rabbit Descemet membrane.

Results:

The proper CEC-typical hexagonal morphology of WJ-EPCs in combination with a significant expression of ZO-1, Na/K-ATPase, PITX2, and COL-8 could be demonstrated. In addition, the WJ-EPCs were able to build up a relative potential difference of 40 mV and to keep corneas clear and transparent.

Conclusions:

These data indicate that a well-characterized, functional CEC monolayer was developed by using a DLT-mediated mechanotransductive differentiation of WJ-EPCs.
Allogeneic Limbal Epithelial Transplantation Modified With Solid Platelet-Rich Plasma for Bilateral Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency
Authors: Alvarado-Villacorta Rosa , García-Carmona Karla Paola , Martínez-Pardo María Esther , Vázquez-Maya Leticia
Published: April 2020

Purpose:

To present successful management of bilateral limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) by using an allogeneic limbal epithelial stem cell transplantation together with solid activated platelet-rich plasma (PRP).

Methods:

A 59-year-old man with a history of bilateral LSCD due to penicillin-induced Stevens–Johnson Syndrome suffered from a lime corneal burn in his right eye, leading to a total LSCD with severely reduced visual acuity. After stabilizing the ocular surface, we performed an allogeneic limbal epithelial transplantation from a cadaveric donor using an autologous clot of PRP to cover the limbal grafts to nourish the ocular surface microenvironment.

Results:

At the first week after the procedure, the corneal epithelium had fully reepithelized. At month 3, visual acuity improved from hand motion to 20/70.

Conclusions:

In this case, this new modified procedure was a promising, easy-to-perform, apparently safe, and effective treatment option to enhanced epithelial wound healing in ocular surface diseases. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the incorporation of solid PRP in limbal transplantation procedures.
Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Ocular Argyrosis
Authors: He Xu , Simmons Nathaniel L. , Wozniak Rachel A. F.
Published: April 2020

Purpose:

To highlight the novel application of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) to detect corneal silver deposition in a case of ocular argyrosis.

Methods:

This is a case report and review of the literature.

Results:

A 67-year-old man with a 30-year history of chronic occupational exposure to silver-halides secondary to photographic film manufacturing presented with significant ocular argyrosis. His ophthalmic examination was notable for bilateral, widespread pinpoint gray deposits throughout his conjunctiva and cornea at the level of Descemet membrane. Further evaluation with AS-OCT showed deposition in 2 distinct, diffusely hyperreflective bands, corresponding to Bowman layer and Descemet membrane.

Conclusions:

AS-OCT provides a useful imaging modality in evaluating corneal deposition diseases. In this case of ocular argyrosis, AS-OCT led to the detection of a hyperreflective Bowman layer and Descemet membrane, representing silver deposition in both these anatomic locations.
Identification of key genes and pathways associated with topotecan treatment using multiple bioinformatics tools
Authors: Kang Yu-Mei , Lan Alexander , Huang Yen-Hua , Hsu Kai-Mei , Chao Yee , Lan Keng-Li
Published: April 2020

Background:

The goal of this study is to determine critical genes and pathways associated with topotecan using publicly accessible bioinformatics tools.

Methods:

Topotecan signatures were downloaded from the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) database (http://www.ilincs.org/ilincs/). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were defined as genes that appeared at least three times with p values <0.05 and a fold change of ≥50% (|log2FC| ≥ 0.58). Hub genes were identified by evaluating the following parameters using a protein-protein interaction network: node degrees, betweenness, and eigenfactor scores. Hub genes and the top-40 DEGs by |log2FC| were used to generate a Venn diagram, and key genes were identified. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Information on ovarian cancer patients derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was analyzed, and the effect of topotecan on the protein expression was examined by Western blotting.

Results:

Eleven topotecan signatures were downloaded, and 65 upregulated and 87 downregulated DEGs were identified. Twenty-one hub genes were identified. We identified eight key genes as upregulated genes, including NFKBIA, IKBKB, GADD45A, CDKN1A, and HIST2H2BE, while EZH2, CDC20, and CDK7 were identified as downregulated genes, which play critical roles in the cell cycle and carcinogenesis in KEGG analysis. In the TCGA analysis, the CDKN1A+/EZH2− group had the longest median survival, while the CDKN1A−/EZH2+ group had the shortest median survival. Topotecan-treated murine ovarian (MOSEC), colorectal (CT26), and lung (LLC) cancer cell lines displayed upregulated CDKN1A encoding p21 and downregulated Ezh2.

Conclusion:

Using publicly accessible bioinformatics tools, we evaluated key genes and pathways related to topotecan and examined the key genes using the TCGA database and in vitro studies.
Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure or Cervical Conization to Exclude Cervical Cancer Before Simple Hysterectomy
Authors: Pretorius Robert G. , Belinson Jerome L. , Peterson Patricia
Published: April 2020

Objective

The aim of the study was to determine which women require loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) or cervical conization (cone) to exclude cervical cancer after colposcopy for evaluation of abnormal cervical cancer screening tests yet before simple hysterectomy.

Materials and Methods

Review of electronic medical records from colposcopy clinics followed by chart review of women with cervical cancer was conducted.

Results

Of 18,537 cervical colposcopies for evaluation of abnormal cervical cancer screening tests, 0.6% (103/18,537) had cervical cancer; of 103 women with cervical cancer, 57 had neither cervical biopsy nor endocervical curettage (ECC) showing cancer or rule-out cancer (occult cancers) and were diagnosed by subsequent LEEP (n = 22), cone (n = 31), failed cone (n = 1), or hysterectomy (n = 3). The relative risk of occult cervical cancer at colposcopy for ECC of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or CIN 3 versus ECC not CIN 2 or CIN 3 was 51.5 (5.0% vs 0.1%), for cervical biopsy of CIN 3 versus not CIN 3, was 34.5 (3.9% vs 0.1%), and for colposcopic impression of CIN 2, CIN 3, or cancer (CIN 2+) versus impression not CIN 2+, was 8.5 (1.9% vs 0.2%). If the 10.9% (2,018/18,537) of colposcopies with ECC of CIN 2 or CIN 3, cervical biopsy of CIN 3, or colposcopic impression of CIN 2+ had subsequent LEEP or cone, 96.5% (55/57) of occult cervical cancers would be detected before hysterectomy.

Conclusions

After colposcopy, women with ECC of CIN 2 or CIN 3, cervical biopsy of CIN 3, or colposcopic impression of CIN 2+ require LEEP or cone before simple hysterectomy.
Classification of the Frequency, Severity, and Propagation of Thrombi in the HeartMate II Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Rowlands Grant W. , Pagani Francis D. , Antaki James F.
Published: April 2020

Computational fluid dynamics has become a dynamic tool in the development of ventricular assist devices (VADs) and as a predictor of thrombosis within these pumps. The genesis of thrombi could be in loco, due to deposition within the VAD, or upstream such as the left atrial appendage or inside the left ventricle. To calibrate our group’s computational model, a retrospective analysis of 29 explanted HeartMate II (HMII) VADs due to suspected pump thrombosis (PT) from the University of Michigan was conducted. Thrombi in these pumps were characterized by their frequency, composition, severity, and physical distribution in five regions of the blood flow pathway. The outlet bearing/stator region had the highest frequency of deposition (≈72%), and the preponderance of thrombi appeared white and unlaminated in their microstructure. Conversely, 41.3% of VADs showed thrombus on the fore bearing of the HMII, and these formations tended to be red and laminated, indicating they formed in layers over time. Furthermore, the majority of clots observed in the fore bearing and outlet bearing/stator regions were partially occlusive in nature. Fourteen VADs presented PT in multiple regions and analysis of the data showed a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.01) between deposition in the fore bearing and subsequent thrombosis in the outlet bearing/stator; however, no other regions exhibited statistically significant correlations. This gives credence to the hypothesis that thrombi do not occur independently in multiple regions of the blood flow pathway in the HMII but may propagate downstream.
Smoking in nursing students
Authors: Fernández-García Daniel , Ordás Beatriz , Fernández-Peña Rosario , Bárcena-Calvo Carmen , Ordoñez César , Amo-Setién Francisco José , Gómez-Salgado Juan , Martínez-Isasi Santiago
Published: April 2020

The role of nursing students as future health promoters of healthy behaviors is influenced by their attitude towards smoking. A cross-sectional study using a self-administered survey was performed to analyze smoking prevalence among undergraduate the nursing students who attend nursing faculties in 2 European countries (Spain and Portugal) during academic period 2015 to 2016. A total of 1469 subjects were surveyed (response rate of 79.8%). An 80% of the students were female with a mean age of 21.9 (4.8) years. The overall prevalence of tobacco use was 18.9%, with an average percentage of 16.2% in Portugal and 18.3% in Spain. Statistical significance was observed in relation to smoke and previous studies (16.4% vs 27.1%; P < .001). Only 1.1% of the students reported using electronic cigarette. 15.8% of smokers started smoking while at university with statistical gender and previous studies differences (P < .001). Fagerström and Richmond test showed low nicotine dependence (2.8 ± 2) and moderate motivation to stop smoking (4.9 ± 3), respectively. Smoking prevalence among nursing students was slightly higher than the general European population. For that reason, measures to reduce tobacco use have to be focused on students and university policies on tobacco control should be a challenge in the future.
Efficacy of photodynamic therapy and periodontal treatment in patients with gingivitis and fixed orthodontic appliances
Authors: Rosa Ellen Perim , Murakami-Malaquias-Silva Felipe , Schalch Tânia Oppido , Teixeira Daniela Bezerra , Horliana Ricardo Fidos , Tortamano Andre , Tortamano Isabel Peixoto , Buscariolo Inês Aparecida , Longo Priscila Larcher , Negreiros Renata Matalon , Bussadori Sandra Kalil , Motta Lara Jansiski , Horliana Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini
Published: April 2020

It is known that the presence of orthodontic brackets predisposes for a change in the biofilm, facilitating the development of gingivits. The sites are difficult to access with a toothbrush and periodontal curette, worsening inflammation, in addition, a gingival hyperplasia is associated with poor hygiene. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of photodinamyc therapy (PDT) as an adjuvant treatment, considering clinical immunoregulatory and microbiological parameters. This randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical study will include 34 patients, both genders, having used fixed appliance for more than 12 months, with gingivitis. Participants will be divided into two groups: G1 (n = 17)- Scaling and Root Planing + PDT placebo and G2 (n = 17)- Scaling and Root Planing + PDT. In G2 the following dosimetric parameters will be used: methylene blue 0.005%, λ= 660 nanometers (nm), 9 Joules (J) per site, irradiance= 3.5Watts (W)/ centimeters (cm), radiant exposure= 318J/cm2. All participants will receive oral hygiene guidance prior the curetes scaling. The clinical periodontal data to be analyzed are plaque index, gingival index and probing depth. Crevicular fluid, from 4 pre-determined sites and saliva, will be collected and analysed for IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-10 cytokines using ELISA (Enzyme immunoabsorption assay) method. Total Bacteria count will also be performed, by qPCR and Universal16SrRNA gene. All analysis will be realized using in the baseline (T0), 7 (T1) and 21 (T2) days after treatment. Oral health-related quality of life will be assessed using the OHIP-14 questionnaire at times T0 and T2. If sample distribution is normal, the Student T-test will be applied if it is not normal, the Mann-Whitney test will be used. The data will be presented in terms of ± PD and The significance level will be set at p < 0.05. Our results may improve quality of life and add data to establish a therapeutic alternative for gingivitis during the orthodontic treatment. Registration: clinicaltrials.gov NCT04037709. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04037709 - Registered in July 2019.
Diagnostic value of pentraxin 3 in respiratory tract infections
Authors: Ye Wu , Huang Qing-Dong , Tang Ting-Yu , Qin Guang-Yue
Published: April 2020

Background:

Pentraxin 3 is an acute inflammatory protein of the long pentraxin subfamily. A meta-analysis was performed to assess diagnostic accuracy of pentraxin 3 for respiratory tract infections.

Methods:

We identify studies examining diagnostic value of pentraxin 3 for respiratory tract infections by searching Pubmed, Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane Library. The sensitivity, specificity, negative likelihood ratio (LR), positive LR, and diagnostic odds ratio were pooled. The area under the summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curve and Q point value (Q∗) were calculated.

Results:

A total of 8 studies with 961 individuals were eligible for this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity of pentraxin 3 in diagnosis of respiratory tract infections was 0.78, the pooled specificity was 0.73, the area under the SROC curve was 0.84, and the Q∗ was 0.77. The area under the SROC curve of serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) pentraxin 3 was 0.85 and 0.89, respectively. Meta-regression analysis revealed that cutoff value was the source of heterogeneity among the included studies. The Deek funnel plot test suggested no evidence of publication bias. Subgroup analyses showed that the area under the SROC curve of pentraxin 3 in diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was 0.89.

Conclusion:

Pentraxin 3 has a moderate accuracy for diagnosing respiratory tract infections and VAP. The overall diagnostic value of BALF level of pentraxin 3 is superior to its serum concentration.
Exploring immune-related genes with prognostic value in microenvironment of breast cancer from TCGA database
Authors: Yang Hao , Zhao Kankan , Kang Houlong , Wang Mengchuan , Wu Aiguo
Published: April 2020

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women worldwide. Many studies have shown that tumor microenvironment cells, immune cells, and stromal cell infiltration have an important impact on prognosis, so it is important to identify biomarkers for achieving better treatment and prognosis.

To better understand the relationship between immune and stromal cell-related genes and prognosis, we screened patients with breast cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and divided them into high and low groups based on immune/stromal scores. We next identified differentially expressed immune-related genes that are significantly associated with the prognosis of patients with breast cancer for functional enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction networks, respectively. Finally, we selected a separate breast cancer cohort in gene expression synthesis (GEO) for validation.

Both immune scores and stromal scores are meaningful in the correlation of subtype classification. Disease-free survival of cases with the high score group of immune scores is statistically longer than the cases in the low score group. Differentially expressed immune-related genes extracted from the comparison can effectively evaluate the prognosis of patients with breast cancer and these genes are primarily involved in immune responses, extracellular matrix, and chemokine activity. At last, we obtained a series of verified tumor immune-related genes that predict the prognosis of patients with breast cancer.

Combining the Estimation of Stromal and Immune Cells in Malignant Tumor Tissues using Expression database and the TCGA database to extract the list of tumor microenvironment related genes which may help to outline the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Some previously overlooked genes have the potential to become additional biomarkers for breast cancer. Further research on these genes can reveal a new understanding of the potential relationship between tumor microenvironment and breast cancer prognosis.
Cotton dust exposure and risk of lung cancer
Authors: Huang Xinru
Published: April 2020

Findings on the association between cotton dust exposure and lung cancer risk in epidemiologic studies have been inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of data from observational studies to quantify this association.

PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library databases were searched for observational studies with data on cotton dust exposure and lung cancer risk. Studies that reported adjusted relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of lung cancer associated with cotton dust exposure were included. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to key characteristics.

Fifteen studies involving a total of 73,812 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. Combining estimates from all the 15 observational studies, cotton dust exposure was associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer (combined RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66–0.91; P = .002). Pooled estimates of multivariate RRs by gender were 0.71 (95% CI, 0.58–0.88; P = .001) among males, based on 7 studies, and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.67–0.89; P 
< .001) among females, based on 9 studies. Further analyses examining the influence of a single study on the results by omitting a study at each turn yielded a range of RR from 0.74 to 0.82.

Our meta-analysis indicates that cotton dust exposure is associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer.
Xiaoqinglong decoction (a traditional Chinese medicine) combined conventional treatment for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Gao Zhen , Jing Jing , Liu Yingying
Published: April 2020

Background:

A traditional Chinese medicine classic herbal formula named Xiaoqinglong decoction (XQLD) is widely used in China for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). The efficacy and safety of XQLD for AECOPD was evaluated in this systematic review.

Methods:

Five databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, and Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database were searched up to October 5, 2018 for randomized control trials in treating AECOPD with XQLD.

Result:

Thirty-eight trials were identified. Compared with conventional therapy (CT), XQLD plus CT significantly improve the total clinical efficacy rate (Risk Ratio [RR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18–1.26,P < .00001). Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) (mean difference [MD] = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.27–0.46;P < .00001), FEV1%pre (MD = 4.52, 95% CI = 2.42–6.62;P < .00001), FEV1/forced vital capacity (MD = 5.11, 95% CI = 4.21–6.00;P < .00001), PaO2(MD = 7.17, 95% CI = 4.80–9.54;P < .00001); lowered cough symptom score (MD = −0.65; 95% CI = −0.70 to −0.59;P < .00001), sputum symptom score (MD = −0.41; 95% CI = −0.45 to −0.37;P < .00001), wheezing symptom score (MD = −0.49; 95% CI = −0.60 to −0.38;P < .00001); reduce cough relief time (MD = −1.28; 95% CI = −1.53 to −1.02;P < .00001), sputum relief time (MD = −1.19; 95% CI = −1.42 to −0.96;P < .00001), wheezing relief time (MD = −1.65; 95% CI = −2.63 to −0.68;P = .0009), lassitude relief time (MD = −2.16; 95% CI = −3.44 to −0.89;P = .0009), and PaCO2(MD = −7.63, 95% CI = −9.62 to −5.63;P < .00001). Benefit for interleukin (IL)-4 (MD = −9.20, 95% CI = −13.59 to −4.81;P < .00001), IL-6 (MD = −5.07, 95% CI = −8.14 to −2.01;P = .001), IL-8 (MD = −5.59, 95% CI = −6.09 to −5.08;P < .00001), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (MD = −5.93, 95% CI = −6.97 to −4.89;P < .00001), Interferon (INF)-γ (MD = 18.03, 95% CI = 13.22–22.84;P < .00001), and C-reactive protein (MD = −3.93, 95% CI = −5.97 to −1.89;P = .0002). For adverse events, there were no difference between XILD plus CT and CT.

Conclusion:

XQLD plus CT was more effective than CT alone for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Further higher quality trials are needed. The safety of XQLD remained uncertain.
Efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine in adults with social anxiety disorder
Authors: Li Xinyuan , Hou Yanbo , Su Yingying , Liu Hongping , Zhang Beilin , Fang Shaokuan
Published: April 2020

Objective:

The present study aimed to estimate the comprehensive efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine in adult patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD).

Methods:

We conducted a comprehensive literature review of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials databases for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The efficacy outcome was the mean change of different kinds of scale scores as well as response and remission rates. The secondary outcome was tolerability, defined as the discontinuation rate and the incidence of adverse events (AEs).

Results:

Our meta-analysis included 13 RCTs. Mean changes in the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) total score, fear and avoidance subscale of LSAS scores were all significantly greater in patients with SAD that received paroxetine compared to those received placebo (total: MD = 13.46, 95%CI 10.59–16.32, P < .00001; fear: MD = 6.76, 95%CI 4.89–8.62, P < .00001; avoidance: MD = 6.54, 95%CI 4.63–8.45, P < .00001). Response and remission rates were both significantly greater in patients with SAD that received paroxetine compared to those received placebo (response: OR = 3.02, 95%CI 2.30–3.97, P < .00001; remission: OR = 3.14, 95%CI 2.25–4.39, P < .00001). There was no significant difference in discontinuation rate due to any reason between two groups (OR = 1.06, 95%CI 0.81–1.39, P = .65). Discontinuation rate due to AEs was higher in paroxetine than placebo group (OR = 3.41, 95%CI 2.45–4.72, P < .00001) whereas the rate due to lack of efficacy was higher in placebo as compared with paroxetine group (OR = 0.14, 95%CI 0.09–0.22, P < .00001). The incidence of any AE was significantly increased in patients that received paroxetine (OR = 1.83, 95%CI 1.43–2.35, P < .00001).

Conclusion:

Paroxetine was an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for adult patients with SAD.
Impact of statin use on cancer-specific mortality and recurrence
Authors: Yang Jing , Li Chunyu , Shen Ying , Zhou Hong , Shao Yueqin , Zhu Wei , Chen Yan
Published: April 2020

This meta-analysis mainly summarized the studies reporting an association between statin use and cancer-specific mortality and recurrence or progression of cancer patients.

We systematically searched for studies about the statin used in cancer patients in electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Clinical Trials, from inception through the November 2019. A total of 60 studies which included 953,177 participants were eligible with 233,322 cancer patients used statin. Our analysis selected studies presented with outcome based on hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cancer-specific mortality and cancer recurrence-free survival or progression-free survival. Heterogeneity between the studies was examined usingI2statistics, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the findings. All statistical analyses were performed using RevMan software (version 5.3).

The use of statin was potentially associated with a decline in cancer-specific mortality in cancer patients (HR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.84; n = 39;I2 = 85%). Furthermore, statin use was associated with improved recurrence-free survival (HR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78,0.97; n = 23;I2 = 64%), but not with improvement in progression-free survival (HR = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.95,1.16; n = 14; I2 = 38%).

The meta-analysis demonstrated that statin use could exhibit potential survival benefit in the prognosis of cancer patients. But our results are conservative for statins to improve disease recurrence and progression. These findings should be assessed in a prospective randomized cohort.
Cell-Block cytology in diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Huang Kaiyuan , Zhou Lei , Tong Ying
Published: April 2020

Introduction:

Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) remains a diagnostic challenge due to the variable clinical manifestations. Liquid biopsies, particularly those involving cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from plasma, are rapidly emerging as important and minimally invasive adjuncts to traditional biopsies. However, conventional pathology may be still essential to obtain a diagnosis.

Patient concerns:

A 56-year-old woman presented with a progressive headache, dizziness, blurred vision, and lower limbs weakness with dysesthesia. Atypical clinical and radiological presentations, previous empirical treatment in another hospital, together with the patient's refusal to stereotactic brain biopsy made it challenging to diagnose. Her status deteriorated continuously during hospitalization.

Diagnosis:

Lumber punctual was performed, and CSF cytological analysis revealed malignancy cells with a high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. However, these cells were too loose to perform immunohistochemical stains. Genetic aberrations detections with CSF and peripheral blood sample were also inconclusive. We made a “cell-block” using the sedimentary cells collected from CSF collected through multiple aspirations via an Omaya reservoir. We further performed cytopathological and immunohistochemical analysis using this “cell-block,” which finally confirmed the diagnosis of diffuse large-B cell PCNSL.

Interventions:

Intracranial chemotherapy began afterwards (MTX 15 mg and dexamethasone 5 mg, twice per weeks).

Outcomes:

Unfortunately, this patient was dead 2 weeks later due to severe myelosuppression and secondary septic shock.

Conclusion:

We provided “cell-block” method, which collects cell components from large amount of CSF for cytology and immunohistochemical analysis. “Cell-block” cytology can be an alternative diagnostic method in diagnosis of PCNSL.
Physical activity is associated with lower health care costs among Taiwanese individuals with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Su Chun-Lang , Wang Lee , Ho Chien-Chang , Nfor Oswald Ndi , Hsu Shu-Yi , Lee Chun-Te , Ko Pei-Chieh , Lin Yi-Tien , Liaw Yung-Po
Published: April 2020

The economic burden of diabetes has increased over time with disease severity. Previous publications investigating the effects of physical activity (PA) on medical costs have made use of small sample sizes. We assessed the relationship between PA and 1-year medical expenditure among Taiwanese patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Data were recruited from three governmental databases, including the 2012 adult preventive health service database. Participants were grouped as inactive (no exercise), insufficiently active (exercise < 150 minutes/week), and sufficiently active (exercise >150 minutes/week) individuals. Patients were stratified according to age and Charlson score. Multivariate linear regression models were used to determine β-coefficients and their P values.

Overall, 218,960 individuals were identified with diabetes. The prevalence of the disease was 13.1% among sufficiently active, 35% among insufficiently active, and 51.9% among physically inactive adults. In general, patients who had exercise >150 minutes/week had lower health care spending (i.e., US$ 755.83) followed by those who had less than 150 minutes/week (US$ 880.08) when compared with inactive patients (P < .0001). Moreover, health care costs derived from outpatient or inpatient care were lower for sufficiently active than inactive participants (P < .0001).

Compared with being sedentary, PA was associated with lower health care costs of Taiwanese adults with diabetes mellitus.
Monitoring by viral load and quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen in patients with hepatitis B virus infection receiving immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Yu Hsien-Chung , Tseng Jui-Cheng , Lu Ling-Ying , Hu Jwi-Chieh , Chen Yan-Hua , Hsu Chiao-Lin , Wu Pin-Chieh , Mar Guang-Yuan , Lin Kung-Hung
Published: April 2020

Objectives:

Hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients on immunosuppressive therapy is a critical issue. We aimed to verify the monitoring strategies of hepatitis B virus DNA and quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen in patients receiving therapies with moderate risk.

Methods:

We enrolled 25 patients with autoimmune diseases receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Liver function, hepatitis B virus DNA, and quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen were followed-up every 2 months for 24 months. The hepatitis B virus reactivation was defined as hepatitis B virus DNA reappearance or increase of >1 log IU/mL.

Results:

Patients who were hepatitis B surface antigen positive with (n = 12) or without (n = 6) antiviral prophylaxis and hepatitis B surface antigen negative (n = 7) were analyzed, and the reactivation rates were 0%, 50% and 14%, respectively. Antiviral prophylaxis prevented hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatitis B surface antigen-positive patients (P = 0.025). Administration of high-risk steroid doses was the sole factor related to the sign of quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen increase of >0.5 log IU/mL in the first 12 months (P = 0.035, risk ratio = 0.098, 95% confidence interval = 0.011–0.847). Furthermore, no patient experienced hepatic decompensation or failure.

Conclusion:

Monitoring hepatitis B virus DNA and quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen every 2 months is safe. However, antiviral prophylaxis can prevent hepatitis B virus reactivation. For patients under steroid therapy in high-risk doses, quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen increase of >0.5 log IU/mL may signify hepatitis B virus reactivation.
Different Surgical Reconstructions for Femoral Nerve Injury
Authors: Cao Yu , Li Yuehong , Zhang Youlai , Li Shulin , Jiang Junjian , Gu Yudong , Xu Lei
Published: April 2020

Background

Femoral nerve palsy can cause loss in quadriceps function and knee extension disability, which may lead to severe lower extremity impairment. The obturator nerve trunk transfer in the pelvic, the obturator nerve mortal branches transfer out of the pelvic, along with nerve graft, was introduced years ago to restore femoral nerve function. However, the outcomes of these procedures have never been compared. The aims of this study were to give our experiences in surgical reconstruction for femoral nerve injury and to compare the outcomes of different approaches.

Methods

Nine patients with complete femoral nerve injury have been enrolled in this study between March 2012 and July 2016. All patients were followed up for at least 2 years after surgical intervention for sural nerve graft (n = 3), obturator trunk transfer in the pelvic (n = 2), or obturator nerve mortal branches transfer out of the pelvic (n = 4).

Results

All patients gained satisfactory quadriceps Medical Research Council grade (M3–M4+) after more than 2 years of follow-up. The sural nerve graft led to the earliest recovery on average, followed by obturator nerve mortal branches transfer in the thigh level and then obturator nerve trunk transfer in the pelvic. The functional outcomes, demonstrated by Lower Extremity Functional Scale and Femoral Nerve Motor Function Scale scores, also showed that the sural nerve graft was the best on average, followed by obturator nerve trunk transfer in the pelvic and then obturator nerve mortal branches transfer in the thigh level.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that all these 3 procedures are safe and reliable ways to reconstruct femoral nerve function and can be applied to patients with different kinds of injuries. The sural nerve graft should be considered in the first place and the obturator nerve transfer at different level (trunk transfer in the pelvic or mortal branches transfer out of the pelvic) can be performed as the alternative.
Analysis of the biodegradative and adaptive potential of the novel polychlorinated biphenyl degrader Rhodococcus sp. WAY2 revealed by its complete genome sequence
Authors: Garrido-Sanz Daniel , Sansegundo-Lobato Paula , Redondo-Nieto Miguel , Suman Jachym , Cajthaml Tomas , Blanco-Romero Esther , Martin Marta , Uhlik Ondrej , Rivilla Rafael
Published: April 2020

The complete genome sequence of

Rhodococcus

sp. WAY2 (WAY2) consists of a circular chromosome, three linear replicons and a small circular plasmid. The linear replicons contain typical actinobacterial invertron-type telomeres with the central CGTXCGC motif. Comparative phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene along with phylogenomic analysis based on the genome-to-genome blast distance phylogeny (GBDP) algorithm and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) with other

Rhodococcus

type strains resulted in a clear differentiation of WAY2, which is likely a new species. The genome of WAY2 contains five distinct clusters of bph, etb and nah genes, putatively involved in the degradation of several aromatic compounds. These clusters are distributed throughout the linear plasmids. The high sequence homology of the ring-hydroxylating subunits of these systems with other known enzymes has allowed us to model the range of aromatic substrates they could degrade. Further functional characterization revealed that WAY2 was able to grow with biphenyl, naphthalene and xylene as sole carbon and energy sources, and could oxidize multiple aromatic compounds, including ethylbenzene, phenanthrene, dibenzofuran and toluene. In addition, WAY2 was able to co-metabolize 23 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, consistent with the five different ring-hydroxylating systems encoded by its genome. WAY2 could also use n-alkanes of various chain-lengths as a sole carbon source, probably due to the presence of alkB and ladA gene copies, which are only found in its chromosome. These results show that WAY2 has a potential to be used for the biodegradation of multiple organic compounds.