bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonspecific response of Lake Baikal phytoplankton to anthropogenic impact
Authors: Nikonova A. A. , Vorobyeva S. S.
Published: September 2022

In this study, we present the first results on oxidation stress in Lake Baikal phytoplankton and its adaptation to environmental changes under anthropogenic impact. As was shown, the changing of the dominant species of phytoplankton collected from the surface water layer (~0.3 m) took place from February to June 2021. Phytoplankton were collected at a nearshore station (a littoral station at a distance of ~0.01 km from the shoreline, depth to bottom is ~5 m) and an offshore station (a pelagic station at a distance of ~1 km from the shoreline, depth to bottom is ~543 m). In February, dinoflagellates were dominant (~40 %) as well as diatoms (≤33 %) and green algae (≤12 %). Their biomass was 100 mg·m–3. In March, chrysophytes were dominant (up to 50 %) as well as cryptophytes (≤43 %) and dinoflagellates (≤30 %). Their biomass was 160–270 mg·m–3. In April, biomass increased up to 700–3100 mg·m–3 with the dominance of large cell dinoflagellates (up to 99 %), chrysophytes (up to 50 %), and cryptophytes (up to 35 %). By the end of the first decade of May, the percentage of dinoflagellates decreased and that of cryptophytes increased. In the second decade of May, the percentage of diatoms increased up to ~26–38 % but phytoplankton biomass was minimal (13–30 mg·m–3). By June, the percentage of diatoms in the samples reached 44–75 % at 60–550 mg·m–3. The oxidation stress of phytoplankton as a nonspecific adaptive response to a prolonged, intensive, or recurrent effect of a stress factor was estimated from the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The mean content of these substances (markers of the lipid peroxidation) was determined spectrophotometrically. The oxidation stress of phytoplankton was revealed only when diatom algae dominated. It can be explained by adaptation of algae of other classes to the stress factor. The content of the lipid peroxidation markers in the coastal phytoplankton collected close to the settlement of Listvyanka known as a large touristic center was estimated from 100 to 500 μg·g–1 of dry weight of sample. During the period of diatom blooming in 2016 and 2018, oxidation stress of phytoplankton collected near large settlements was found. In phytoplankton from deep-water pelagic stations most remote from settlements, stress was not revealed. Using the method of gas chromatography, we showed a lower (up to 15 %) content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in phytoplankton characterized by stress occurrence. This confirms cell membrane damages. In Lake Baikal surface water, we found a higher content of synthetic anionic surfactants (sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates), which are components of detergents and cause oxidation stress of hydrobionts (up to 30 ± 4 μg·L–1). The presence of these substances in a water ecosystem can result in exhausting of phytoplankton cell resources, homeostasis imbalance, stress, pathological changes, and rearrangements in phytoplankton assemblage.
Effect of copper ions on the associations of Azospirillum bacteria with wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Muratova A. Yu. , Lyubun E. V. , Golubev S. N. , Turkovskaya O. V.
Published: September 2022

The physiological and biochemical activity of plant–microbial associations enables them to determine the mobility, bioavailability, and accumulation of heavy metals in plant tissues. These abilities are the basis for the use of plants and their associated microorganisms in the development of approaches that ensure both the prevention of the ingress of toxic metals into food crops and the extraction of pollutants from polluted soils by using phytoremediation technologies. Whether plant–microbial complexes are used successfully depends on the knowledge of how specific organisms interact with heavy metals. We evaluated the effect of copper ions on common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) inoculated with three plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) of the genus Azospirillum. We analyzed the growth variables of 14-day-old wheat seedlings, the content of photosynthesis pigments, the activity of plant oxidoreductases, and the accumulation of copper by plant tissues. All strains more or less compensated for copper toxicity to seedling development and increased metal accumulation in roots and shoots. Copper affected the photosynthetic apparatus of the inoculated plants, primarily by decreasing the content of chlorophyll b. An analysis of the activity of plant oxidoreductases (peroxidases and phenoloxidases), which are involved in the physiological responses of plants to pollutant stress, showed strain-specific dependence and a significant effect of copper on the inoculated plants. Overall, the obtained results clearly show that the effect of Azospirillum on the physiological and biochemical status of wheat is diverse. The compensatory effect of bacteria on copper toxicity and the simultaneous increase in metal accumulation in plant tissues can be considered as mutually exclusive crop-production aspects associated with the growing of food plants in heavy-metal-polluted areas.
Virulence potential of faecal Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy cows and calves on farms in Perm Krai
Authors: Mihailovskaya V. S. , Remezovskaya N. B. , Zhdanova I. N. , Starčič Erjavec M. , Kuznetsova M. V.
Published: September 2022

Cattle are a reservoir of pathogenic and potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains, which can pose a threat to human and animal health. The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of 22 virulence-associated genes (VAGs), as well as the prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistance and three different bla-genes among 49 E. coli strains isolated from healthy cattle. The presence of VAGs that are common among diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) strains and/or extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains was determined by amplifying specific gene sequences by PCR. The following VAGs associated with DEC were found: east1 in 24.5 % of the studied E. coli strains, estI in 10.2 %, ehxA in 8.2 %, stx2 in 6.1 %, eltA in 4.1 %, estII and stx1 in 2.0 % of the studied strains. The prevalence of ExPEC VAGs was: fimH – 91.8 %, afa/draBC – 61.2 %, iutA – 44.9 %, flu – 32.7 %, sfaDE and hlyF – 30.6 %, iroN – 22.4 %, ompT and papC – 20.4 %, kpsMTII and hlyA – 18.4 %, iss – 14.3 %, usp – 2.0 %, cnf1 and iha were not detected among the studied strains. Based on the found co-occurrence of VAGs “classical”, hetero-pathogenic and hybrid-pathogenic E. coli strains were found. E. coli strains isolated from cows had a higher diarrheagenic potential, whereas E. coli strains isolated from calves more frequently contained genes associated with the ExPEC pathotype. Among the studied E. coli strains, 77.6 % were resistant to ampicillin, 49.0 % to tetracycline, 20.4 % to chloramphenicol, 16.3 % to cefoperazone, 16.3 % to ceftriaxone, 16.3 % to aztreonam, 14.3 % to cefepime, 10.2 % to norfloxacin, 10.2 % to ciprofloxacin, 6.1 % to levofloxacin and 2.0 % to gentamicin. All strains were sensitive to meropenem and amikacin. 32.7 % of the studied E. coli strains were found to be multidrug resistant, as they were resistant to at least three groups of antibiotics. With PCR, the blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes were detected in 100, 31.6, and 26.3 %, respectively, of strains resistant to at least one of the beta-lactam antibiotics. Thus, it was shown that the studied faecal E. coli of healthy cows and calves had a high hetero-pathogenic potential, therefore in the future molecular genetic characterization of these bacteria shall be an important part of the epizootic monitoring.
Effects of аntimicrobials on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation
Authors: Nemchenko U. M. , Sitnikova K. O. , Belkova N. L. , Grigorova E. V. , Voropaeva N. M. , Sukhоreva M. V. , Sukhareva E. S. , Savilov E. D.
Published: September 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most problematic pathogens in medical institutions, which may be due to the ability of this microorganism to exist in a biofilm, which increases its resistance to antimicrobials, as well as its prevalence and survival ability in the external environment. This work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of P. aeruginosa strains in planktonic and biofilm forms. We studied 20 strains of P. aeruginosa collected during 2018–2021 by specialists from the Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecology of the Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems. The identification of strains was carried out using test systems for differentiating gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria (NEFERMtest 24 Erba Lachema s.r.o., Czech Republic), and confirmed by mass spectrometric analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by the degree of inhibition of cell growth in planktonic and biofilm forms (on a flat-bottomed 96-well plastic immunological plate). All clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were biofilm formers, 47.6 % of the isolates were weak biofilm formers, and 52.4 % of the isolates were moderate biofilm formers. Planktonic cells and the forming biofilm of the tested P. aeruginosa strains were carbapenems-resistant. Biofilm formation was suppressed in more than 90 % of cases by the agents of the cephalosporin and aminoglycoside groups. Antimicrobial susceptibility of P. aeruginosa strains in the formed biofilm was significantly lower (p < 0.05). Carbapenems and cephalosporins did not affect the mature biofilms of the tested P. aeruginosa strains in more than 60 % of cases. Only non-beta-lactam antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and amikacin) suppressed the growth of planktonic cells and destroyed the mature biofilm. The revealed differences in the effect of the tested antimicrobials on the P. aeruginosa strains biofilms correlate with resistance to a number of antibiotics. To prevent biofilm formation in the hospital strains of P. aeruginosa, the use of ceftazidime may be recommended, and antimicrobials such as ciprofloxacin and amikacin may be used to affect mature biofilms of P. aeruginosa.
Effects of Continuous Cropping on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth, Physiological Characters of Alfalfa
Authors: Yan Wei , Wan Tao , Wang Zhennan
Published: September 2022

Background: Alfalfa crops are subject to intercalation when grown continuously on the same field, and autotoxicity appears to be another factor in this thinning. Alfalfa fields are often thinned out and have lower yields during consecutive production, and autotoxicity is increasingly found to be a major reason. Hence, Therefore, understanding the seed germination and seedling growth and physiological mechanisms of the alfalfa under continuous cropping system becomes important for sustainable the use of alfalfa grassland. Methods: The leaves, stem, root and rhizosphere soil of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv ZhongMu No.1) were collected to determine the seedling growth germination index (GI) and vigor index(VI), physiological characters malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, Soluble sugar (SS), Soluble protein (SP), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). Result: The germination rate, germination potential, germination index (GI) and vigor index decreased with the increasing extract contents, particularly in leaf extracts. In the extract of plant and soil, the concentration of malondialdehyde altered indistinctly, while the contents of osmo-regulatory substances and the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes generally decreased. Furthermore, the extract increased the seedling length of alfalfa and GI was negatively correlated with seedling growth characteristics.
MARECIDADE
Authors: Baptista Carlos Augusto , Gonçalves Rafael
Published: September 2022

As representações negativas associadas às favelas trouxeram evidentemente questionamentos quanto à reflexão histórica sobre esses lugares e, pior, silenciou a memória de seus moradores. O presente artigo pretende analisar a formação do Museu da Maré. Para além de guardar memórias, esse Museu busca ressignificá-las, estimulando o olhar crítico dos próprios moradores e de visitantes. O termo marecidade expressa a noção que os resíduos de memória levantados pelo Museu da Maré trazem um novo projeto de cidade, rompendo dicotomias e oposições no intuito de tecer novas utopias urbanas. Através de entrevistas com seis lideranças, o artigo analisa, em primeiro lugar, a formação de uma política de memória através da consolidação da museologia social, em seguida, o processo de formação de museus em favelas e, finalmente, o projeto Museal do Museu da Maré e seus desdobramentos políticos.
The impacts of using modules on students’ entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions
Authors: Wahidmurni Wahidmurni , Pusposari Luthfiya Fathi , Nur Muhamad Amin , Haliliah Haliliah , Lubna Lubna
Published: September 2022

The covid-19 pandemic made classroom-based learning change into online-based digital learning. It leads to the students’ need for useful learning resources to study independently. The current research aimed to evaluate the impacts of module-assisted learning on students’ entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions. It was designed with a one-group quasi-experimental pre-and post-test, and the whole learning process was online. It was hypothesized that there will be a remarkable improvement in students’ entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions after they learn with the module. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to students of two selected universities. To test the deviation between the two population means, t-test formula was used. The results demonstrated that 1) the use of modules can significantly improve students’ entrepreneurial attitudes and 2) it cannot significantly increase their entrepreneurial intentions. Online learning of entrepreneurship with modules can increase entrepreneurial attitudes, but to increase entrepreneurial intentions, it is vital to explore learning strategies through maximum use of information technology.
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, entrepreneurial attitude, entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurship module.
The development of analytical rubrics: An avenue to assess students' mathematical reasoning behavior
Authors: Rohati Rohati , S. Kusumah Yaya , Kusnandi Kusnandi
Published: September 2022

A rubric is a logical set of criteria that teachers can use to evaluate students to determine criteria for obtaining complex competencies. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop a rubric and assess its effectiveness in evaluating students' mathematical reasoning behavior when solving mathematical problems. This rubric was developed based on four stages: reflecting, listing, grouping, and applying using generic model research design in education. Furthermore, the meta-rubric and expert input results are applied to improve its quality. The results showed that the rubric developed was able to consistently provide more feedback and provide teachers with additional opportunities to optimally assess the mathematical reasoning behavior of the students. This study recommends that there be further studies on the ability of teachers to understand students' mathematical reasoning levels to help students progress from the lowest level of reasoning to the highest level. In the end, students have creative mathematical reasoning abilities.
 
Keywords: Analytical Rubric, Behavior, Development, Mathematical Reasoning, Meta-Reasoning
A study of junior high school students’ attitudes and learning motivation on science process
Authors: Asrial Asrial , Maison Maison , Perdana Rahmat
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of students’ attitudes and motivation on science process skills. The type of research used is quantitative research with a research sample of 153 junior high school students. Sampling was selected using the purposive sampling technique with the criteria that junior high school students should have followed the science learning process and have attended science practicum in the school laboratory. The research instruments used were questionnaires and observation sheets with descriptive statistical data analysis techniques and inferential statistics. The results showed that students’ attitudes and learning motivation had an effect on science process skills as indicated by the correlation value between variables of 0.504 and the data significance value was smaller than 0.05, namely 0.000, so that the regression equation model could be obtained, namely Y = 2.612 + 0.492X1 + 644X2. This research was conducted to complement previous research. The novelty of this research is to see the effect of students’ attitudes and learning motivation on science process skills in science learning.

 

Keywords: Attitudes; Learning Motivation; Science Process Skills
Formation of intercultural competencies in language classes at the university
Authors: Meіirbek Nursaule , Narozhnaya Valentina , Shingareva Marina , Kozhakhmetova Saule , Kanayeva Lyazzat , Zhorabekova Ainur
Published: September 2022

This research aimed to study and design the formation of intercultural competencies in language education classes at the university. The quantitative research method was used. The research was carried out in the spring term of 2021–2022. 198 volunteer students who continue their education in schools participated in the research and 4 weeks of online training were given to the students. The ‘language and proficiency’ measurement tool developed by the researchers and compiled by experts in the field was used in this study. The measurement tool was delivered to the students online and then collected. The analysis of the data was made by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences programme, frequency analysis and t-test; the results are added to the research in the form of tables. According to the results obtained, it was concluded that students' proficiency in language education classes and their intercultural status were high. While this situation was determined as good for education, it was concluded that it was used to reflect the distance education systems in the course.
Keywords: University, language, students, distance education, intercultural competence;
Educating future primary schoolteachers to create a communication culture through educational technologies
Authors: Sharipkhojayeva Zhenisgul , Amirova Amina , Zhanar Abilkhairova , Tursynay Bainazarova , Meirimgul Yerkinbekova , Lyazzat Komekbayeva
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this research is to get the opinions of teacher candidates to train future primary schoolteachers to create a communication culture through educational technologies. This study was created with the qualitative research method. The study group of the research consists of 40 teacher candidates studying in the primary school teaching department at various universities in Kazakhstan. Research data were collected with a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers. As a result of the research, while the majority of primary schoolteacher candidates found themselves sufficient in using technology, they found themselves moderately competent in using educational technologies. In addition, the vast majority of teacher candidates consider themselves inadequate in providing education through educational technologies. The majority of primary schoolteacher candidates participating in the research stated that educational technologies have a positive effect on creating a communication culture. Primary schoolteacher candidates stated that programmes related to educational technologies and creating a communication culture should be developed in universities. It is necessary to implement the suggestions of pre-service teachers on improving the communication culture and to organise the education given at universities in this direction.

Keywords: Communication culture, educational technologies, primary schoolteacher candidates;
Validation of the academic burnout scale with the Rasch model
Authors: Setiyowati Arbin Janu , Rachmawati Indriyana , Prihatiningsih Riskiyana
Published: September 2022

Academic burnout can cause exhaustion, frustration, lack of motivation and reduced academic ability in school. This research aims to develop an academic burnout scale with the Rasch model approach. The convenience sampling method was applied in taking samples, which involved 576 high school students. The research instrument used was the academic burnout scale. The analysis technique applied the Rasch model with the Winstep programme. The results of this research show that the developed academic burnout scale indicates better validity and reliability, and so it complies with the psychometric principles of psychology assessment instrument development. The research findings can be utilised as the instruments for student academic burnout assessment. Further experiments involving diverse subjects are necessary to improve the quality of the academic burnout scale’s items.        

Keywords: Validation, scale, academic burnout, psychology assessment, Rasch model.
Evaluation of fermented rice bran to replace soybean meal in the diet of Clarias sp. fingerling
Authors: Putra Achmad Noerkhaerin , Syamsunarno Mas Bayu , Rohayati Dede , Sarah Yuhana Marta , Matien Ghulam Abdul
Published: September 2022

Rice bran is being fermented using Aspergillus niger in order to increase its usage as a raw material for the catfish diet. This research aims to evaluate the potentials of rice bran fermented with A. niger to replace soybean meal in catfish Clarias sp diet. There were two research stages, first the fermentation test of A. niger on rice bran that used a completely randomized factorial design consisting of 2 factors, namely the dose of A. niger (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 g/100 g) and incubation time (0. 24 and 48 hours). Secondly, the substitution test of soybean meal with fermented rice bran on five different of substitution levels (0, 15, 20, 35, and 40%) in the catfish diet. The results showed that the fermentation of A. niger of 2 % with an incubation period of 24 hours in rice bran resulted in the smallest crude fiber and fraction content, and increased protein and amino acid including serine, threonine, alanine, methionine, isoleucine, and lysine. The specific growth rate in the substitution treatment of 0-20% was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of 35-40%. There was also no difference (P>0.05) in the growth performance of catfish in the 0 to 20% substitution treatment. Also, replacing soybean meal with fermented rice bran up to 20% did not have a negative effect on the growth performance of catfish. It was concluded that fermented rice bran could be used as raw material for catfish.
Ruralidad, educación rural e identidad profesional de maestras y maestros rurales
Authors: Montoya Gerardo , Valencia Leidy , Vargas Luz , García Juan , Franco Juan , Calderón Hader
Published: September 2022

La relación entre la identidad profesional y el ejercicio de la docencia del maestro rural es fundamental para encontrar respuestas frente al ser, el hacer ―las condiciones en que se hace― y el deber ser del maestro en contextos rurales. Este artículo de investigación da cuenta de algunos elementos de autopercepción, formación y experiencia docente que identifican a maestros rurales de dos instituciones educativas rurales del oriente antioqueño que se desempeñan en zonas semirrurales, rurales y rurales alejadas. El estudio se desarrolló desde el enfoque biográfico narrativo con diversas técnicas de investigación como el seminario taller, el grupo de discusión, el relato autobiográfico, el juego dramático y el metaplan. El análisis de los datos permitió la identificación de elementos comunes en los trayectos individuales y colectivos, y develar tensiones, retos, intereses y necesidades de formación de los maestros participantes. Además, hizo evidente la necesidad de una red de maestros rurales en el oriente antioqueño, que permita generar procesos de comunicación, investigación, formación y organización de estos actores vitales en la educación rural.
Socio-economic Factors Impacting Marine Protected Areas in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Marine Corridor (CMAR) Region
Authors: Price Roz
Published: September 2022

This rapid review explores socio-economic and political issues that may affect the effectiveness of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Marine Corridor (CMAR). It specifically focuses on key socioeconomic and governance issues around marine protected areas (MPAs) and exclusive economic zones (EEZs) of Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador and Panama based in the Eastern Tropical Pacific ocean. Research highlights the importance of understanding perceptions and context in environmental governance analyses and practice (Partelow, Jäger & Schlüter, 2021); and MPAs are increasingly recognised as being embedded in social-ecological systems, where human dimensions (e.g., social, economic, cultural, political, and institutional) interact with ecological characteristics (Burbano & Meredith, 2020, p.2). How do you define the effectiveness of an MPA is another key question to consider (but not explored in detail in this review). Bearing in mind that most MPAs have multiple objectives, including non-biological, which highlights the need for the development and adoption of standardised effectiveness metrics beyond biological considerations to measure factors contributing to their success or failure (Giakoumi et al., 2018). For example, there are growing calls for marine conservation success to move beyond area coverage to include a broader set of metrics related to the effective and equitable management of the marine environment (see Bennett et al., 2021). Hence, the more information the better when establishing integrated, well-designed and connected MPAs – for example, the more information on a sea area, the coastal populations and their socio-ecological relationships, the better stressors, systemic impacts and inter-annual variabilities can be identified, and the more effective protection can be developed (Relano, Palomares & Pauly, 2021, p.13).
Influência da inclusão digital na alfabetização em saúde de idosos
Authors: Polonski Tiana Costa , Zanin Luciane , Oliveira Arlete Maria Gomes , Dutra Emiliane Rodrigues , Silva Filho David Antonio da , Flório Flávia Martão
Published: September 2022

A alfabetização em saúde representa as habilidades dos indivíduos para obterem acesso, compreenderem e usarem informações para promover uma boa saúde. Em paralelo, a inclusão digital favorece o conhecimento de novas tecnologias e a integração entre comunidades, facilitando o aprendizado e a melhora da qualidade de vida. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar se a inclusão digital e fatores sociodemográficos favorecem a alfabetização em saúde de idosos. Estudo epidemiológico observacional transversal realizado nas cidades de Campinas-SP e Juiz de Fora-MG, considerando uma amostra probabilística de idosos. Foram aplicados três questionários: sociodemográfico, Health Literacy Scale-14 (HSL-14) e o NIDI (Nível de Inclusão Digital Individual). Após análise exploratória, as associações entre as variáveis e o desfecho, nível de alfabetização, foram analisadas por modelos de regressão logística simples, estimando-se os odds ratio brutos com os respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança. A idade média da amostra de 291 idosos é de 68,2 anos com 50,5% com escolaridade até o fundamental completo, 72,5% com renda de até dois salários-mínimos, 49,8% com baixo nível de inclusão digital e 47,44% com baixo nível de literacia em saúde.  Idosos com menor escolaridade (OR=6,74; IC95%: 2,48-18,32) que moram acompanhados (OR=2,12; IC95%:1,22-3,68), que não possuem celular (OR=2,98; IC95%: 1,66-5,38) e que tem baixo nível de inclusão digital (OR=2,17; IC95%: 1,21-3,88) tem mais chance de apresentar menor nível de alfabetização (p<0,05). Conclui-se que a baixa inclusão digital, menor escolaridade, não possuir celular e morar acompanhado associam-se à menor alfabetização em saúde.
Infraestrutura escolar
Authors: Sá Jauri dos Santos , Werle Flavia Obino Corrêa
Published: September 2022

Discussão sobre infraestrutura escolar e desempenho dos alunos em exames padronizados. O objetivo é analisar as interdependências entre as condições materiais das escolas municipais do ensino fundamental, da região do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (RS), e os resultados do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica – IDEB. A metodologia utilizada é de cunho exploratório com coleta de dados através de questionário estruturado e visitas técnicas. O referencial teórico tem apoio nas discussões de Casassus (2003), Certeau (2012), Mainardes (2006), Santos (1988), entre outros. No contexto analisado os dados evidenciam que aprender em um ambiente acolhedor e agradável é importante e estimulante para o aluno.
Dos saberes que queremos (des)construir
Authors: Simões Eleonora das Neves , Faria Ana Lúcia Goulard
Published: September 2022

Trata-se de uma resenha crítica do livro “Casa dos saberes ancestrais: diálogos com sabedorias indígenas”.
A Community's Knowledge and Attitude in Recognizing Symptoms and Diarrhea Management in Children
Authors: Puspitasari Arina Dery , Wulandari Novitri , Prabawati Bindaria Mutmaina , Yusan Liza Yudistira
Published: September 2022

Background: Diarrhea is the world's second-biggest cause of death among children. Children suffer from severe dehydration due to the lack of understanding of treating diarrhea properly. Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of community knowledge and attitudes toward the treatment of diarrhea in children. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study conducted in a community in Gresik, Indonesia, in 2019. A Likert scale questionnaire, consisting of 10 items on knowledge and five on community attitudes on diarrhea management in children, was used to collect data. Results: One hundred and seven participants responded to the survey, and 89.72% were women. 'Respondents' mean age was 41.84 ± 11.27 years with various levels of education. It was found that the community had good knowledge of diarrhea management in children, as shown by the finding that 84.11% of the participants provided the correct answers. About 87.85% of the participants were aware of the signs and symptoms of diarrhea in children. However, there is still a shortage of understanding about managing diarrhea properly, particularly when identifying the necessary medicine. About 89.72% of the participants demonstrated a "positive" attitude in diarrhea management, while approximately 78.51% agreed that children with diarrhea should be given oral rehydration. Conclusion: The knowledge about recognizing signs and symptoms of diarrhea in children was good, while the knowledge about diarrhea management needed to be improved. Overall, the respondents had a positive attitude about diarrhea management in children.
Anti-Hepatitis C Activity of Combination of Ruta angustifolia Extract and Ribavirin
Authors: Wahyuni Tutik Sri , Permatasari Adita Ayu , Aoki-Utsubo Chie , Widyawaruyanti Aty , Fuad Achmad
Published: September 2022

Background: Hepatitis c virus infection is a global health problem which chronically infected 71 million people in the world. This infection has a risk of becoming liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Since the current HCV therapy has been developed by direct-acting antivirals (DAA), however, most patients get limited access due to the high cost. Therefore, further development anti-HCV agent still greatly needed. Ruta angustifolia is a natural resource which was reported to possess anti-HCV activity. Ribavirin is an antiviral agent used to treat several virus infections, either DNA or RNA. Ribavirin was known to inhibit HCV infection by regulated immune system in host cells and interfering the replication of HCV by inhibit HCV RdRp. Objective: The current study evaluated the combination treatment of R. angustifolia extracts and ribavirin by in vitro culture cells of Huh 7it. Method: The study was conducted under an invitro cell culture of Huh 7it and infected with JFH1a. Result:  The result demonstrated an enhancement effect of the extract by increasing the anti-HCV activity 3.5-fold higher compared to ribavirin alone. The 50% inhibitory concentration of ribavirin by single treatment was 10.43 ± 0.18 µg/mL, while in combination with Ruta angustifolia extract was 2.80 ± 0.03 µg/mL. Further analysis of the combination by CompuSyn software mediated a synergistic effect among the combination with a combination index value of 0.691. Conclusion: These results suggested that combination of Ribavirin and Ruta angustifolia should be considered in developing anti-hepatitis C virus agents.
Analysis of Drug Use in Non-Ventilator Covid-19 Patients at Bangil Hospital
Authors: Triamyanti Vincentina Yenny , Herawati Fauna , Yulia Rika , Jaelani Abdul Kadir
Published: September 2022

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an infectious disease. Common signs and symptoms of Covid-19 infection include acute respiratory distress such as fever, cough and shortness of breath. Analysis of drug use in Non-Ventilator Covid-19 patients needs to be carried out to provide an overview of drug therapy currently being used based on the Covid-19 Management Guidelines Edition 3rd because so far, there has not been a single type of drug that has received marketing authorization for Covid-19 therapy. Objectives: This study aims to determine patient profiles, therapeutic outcomes, suitability of drug use with Covid-19 Management Guidelines 3rd edition, the quantity of antibiotic use using the DDD/100 patient-days method and antivirals. Methods: The method used in this study is an observational design study which was analyzed descriptively with retrospective data collection. Result: Based on the profile of drug use in COVID-19 patients, there are 31 types of drug classes. The most consumed drugs were antibacterial (91%) and analgesics (91%), followed by vitamins (89%) and supplements (85%). Based on the DDD/100 patient-days value, the most widely used antibiotics were Azithromycin. Conclusion: The patient's profile at the time of admission to the hospital was 44% moderate and 56% severe. The condition of patients at the time of discharge from the hospital with a moderate degree using antivirals and antibiotics were more recovered and returned home with improvements with percentages of 84.1% and 88.64%, respectively.
The ABC Analysis of Drug Use and Cost in Cardiology Outpatients -National Health Insurance
Authors: Suprapti Budi , Yusuf M. , Saraswati Marcha Debby , Astuti Selvia Febriana , Damayanti Dewi
Published: September 2022

Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the chronic diseases with an increasing prevalence from year to year. The results of Indonesia's basic health research (RISKESDAS 2018) showed that it was experienced by 2.9% of the population. Ensuring the continuity of drug availability is very important in pharmacy services for this patient group. The history of drug use is considered in the planning dan procurement of drug products. Objective: This study aims to analyze the drug use pattern and cost of drugs for cardiology outpatients in the National Health Insurance scheme (JKN). Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted using the prescription of cardiology outpatients JKN for March-May 2021. The ABC method carried out the analysis of drug use patterns and cost. Results: From 2,986 prescriptions for cardiovascular disease, there were 94 types of drugs from 37 therapeutic classes. In the ABC analysis of drug use for class A, 68.82% contained seven types of drugs, class B, 20.55% contained nine types of drugs, and class C, 10.63% with 78 types of drugs. The results of ABC analysis for investment value (cost) of drugs class A 66.96% contained two types of drugs, class B 19.81% with four types of drugs, and class C 14.23% with 88 types of drugs. Conclusion: ABC analysis of the drug use pattern and cost/investment showed different patterns which had value to consider in procurement planning to maintain service continuity.
Analysis of Antibiotic Use in COVID-19 Patients at a Hospital in Sidoarjo
Authors: Kristanti Weni , Yulia Rika , Herawati Fauna
Published: September 2022

Background: Antibiotics are given to COVID-19 patients to treat bacterial co-infections, but excessive and inappropriate antibiotic use can increase antibiotic resistance. Objective: The study aims to analyze the antibiotic use and bacterial susceptibility in COVID-19 patients at a hospital in Sidoarjo - East Java. Method: The research design used was a prospective cross-sectional study using data collection of sputum culture, bacterial susceptibility, medical records, and Pharmacy antibiotics usage from August to October 2021. The Research sample is moderate-to-severe COVID-19 patients. Result: The results showed that in August-October 2021, 32 patients met the study sample category, where the most were men (56.25%), age range 46-55 years (31.25%), and outcome recovered as much as 81.25%. The culture results showed that only 1 (one) person out of 32 samples had bacterial growth. The only bacteria that grew in the sputum culture was Enterobacter aerogenes, susceptible to meropenem but resistant to levofloxacin. The highest quantity of antibiotics in this study was levofloxacin 71,16; meropenem 32.25; moxifloxacin 21.84 DDD/ 100 bed days. Conclusions: Most of the cases of COVID-19 occurred in men; the age range was 46-55 years, and the outcome recovered was more than those who died. Bacterial co-infection occurred in 3.12% of patients who received meropenem and levofloxacin during their hospitalization. The largest quantity of antibiotics used was levofloxacin, meropenem, and moxifloxacin. The combination of meropenem and levofloxacin should be re-evaluated because levofloxacin is resistant but still susceptible to meropenem.
Kritik Terhadap Pembuktian Hubungan Kausalitas Dalam Putusan Pengadilan Terkait Pasal 93 Undang-Undang Kekarantinaan Kesehatan
Authors: Ali Mahrus
Published: September 2022

This study aims to analyze and evaluate the accuracy of the judges' legal considerations in proving a causal relationship in Article 93 of the Health Quarantine Act. This is a normative legal research by bearing in mind that what is studied are the legal facts and legal considerations of judges in 3 (three) court decisions that have permanent legal force in the case of Habib Rizieq Shihab, the case of Bambang Iswanto and Rahmatika Maulidia Ashar Sukarno, and the case of Agus Basunondo. The results of the study concluded that none of the court decisions correctly considered that the convict's actions were the cause of the emergence of public health emergencies. The proof of the effect has even shifted from the emergence of a public health emergency to a crowd, a result that is not stated in the offense of Article 93 of the Health Quarantine Act. This study recommends that the Supreme Court needs to make guidelines on steps to prove causality in court decisions.
A Molecular Framework for Autistic Experiences: Mitochondrial Allostatic Load as A Mediator between Autism and Psychopathology
Authors: Mahony Caitlyn , O' Ryan Colleen
Published: September 2022

Molecular autism research is evolving towards a biopsychosocial framework that is more informed by autistic experiences. In this context, research aims are moving away from correcting external autistic behaviors and towards alleviating internal distress. Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASCs) are associated with high rates of depression, suicidality and other comorbid psychopathologies, but this relationship is poorly understood. Here, we integrate emerging characterizations of internal autistic experiences within a molecular framework to yield insight into the prevalence of psychopathology in ASC. We demonstrate that descriptions of social camouflaging and autistic burnout resonate closely with the accepted definitions for early life stress (ELS) and chronic adolescent stress (CAS). We propose that social camouflaging could be considered a distinct form of CAS that contributes to allostatic overload, culminating in a pathophysiological state that is experienced as autistic burnout. Autistic burnout is thought to contribute to psychopathology via psychological and physiological mechanisms, but these remain largely unexplored by molecular researchers. Building on converging fields in molecular neuroscience, we discuss the substantial evidence implicating mitochondrial dysfunction in ASC to propose a novel role for mitochondrial allostatic load in the relationship between autism and psychopathology. An interplay between mitochondrial, neuroimmune and neuroendocrine signaling is increasingly implicated in stress-related psychopathologies, and these molecular players are also associated with neurodevelopmental, neurophysiological and neurochemical aspects of ASC etiology. Together, this suggests an increased exposure and underlying molecular susceptibility to ELS that increases the risk of psychopathology in ASC. This article describes an integrative framework shaped by autistic experiences that highlights novel avenues for molecular research into mechanisms that directly affect the quality of life and well-being of autistic individuals. Moreover, this framework emphasizes the need for increased access to diagnoses, accommodations, and resources to improve mental health outcomes in autism.
The Impact of Highly Effective Treatment in Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Series
Authors: Immovilli Paolo , De Mitri Paola , Bazzurri Veronica , Vollaro Stefano , Morelli Nicola , Biasucci Giacomo , Magnifico Fabiola , Marchesi Elena , Lombardelli Maria Lara , Gelati Lorenza , Guidetti Donata
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis (POMS) is characterized by high inflammatory disease activ-ity. Our aim was to describe the treatment sequencing and report the impact Highly Effective Disease Modifying Treatment (HET) had on disease activity. Materials and Methods: 2/5 consecutive POMS were administered HET as initial therapy after diagnosis. Data on treatment sequencing, relapses and MRIs were collected during the follow-up. Results: Our patients had an average age of 13.8 years (range 9-17) at di-agnosis and 13.4 years (range 9-16) at disease onset, 2/5 (40%) POMS were female. The pre-treatment aver-age annualized relapse rate was 1.6 (range 0.8-2.8) and the average follow-up length was 5 years (range 3-7). A total of 2/5 (40%) patients were stable on HET at initial therapy, 3/5 (60%) required an escalation to more aggressive treatment, even if two of them had been put on HET as initial treatment. Four out of five patients (80%) had No Evidence of Disease Activity-3 status (NEDA-3) at an average follow-up of 3 years (range 2-5). Conclusion: it has been observed that in a recent time period all the cases had prompt diagnosis, early HET or escalation to HET with a good outcome in 80% of the cases.
Eliciting Stakeholders’ Requirements for Future Energy Systems: A Case Study of Heat Decarbonisation in the UK
Authors: Chiu Lai Fong , Lowe Robert John
Published: September 2022

It is a truism that whole energy system models underpin the development of policies for energy system decarbonisation. But recent reviews have thrown doubt on the appropriateness of such models for addressing the multiple goals for future energy systems, in the face of emergent real-world complexity and the evolution of stakeholder’s priorities. Without an understanding of the changing priorities of policy makers and expectations of stakeholders for future systems, system objectives and constraints are likely to be ill-defined, and there is a risk that models may be inadvertently instrumentalised. Adopting a system architecture perspective, the authors have undertaken a three-year programme of research to explore strategies for decarbonising heat in the UK, with interaction with and elicitation of needs from stakeholders at its heart. This paper presents the procedure, methods, and results of an exercise in which experts from stakeholder organisations across the energy system were interviewed. Analysis of interview data reveals two broad approaches to heat decarbonisation which can be broadly defined as either adaptive or transformative. Specific insights gained from these interviews enabled our modelling teams to refocus their work for exploration with a wider circle of stakeholders. Results suggests that this iterative approach to formalising model-policy interaction could improve the transparency and legitimacy of modelling and enhance its impact on policy making.
Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance among Healthcare Workers in Nigeria
Authors: Nnaemeka Victory , Onwe Reuben , Ekwedike Adaku , Oyedele Oluwakemi , Tsiterimam Thomas , Ochepo Ogbole , Nwokoye Nkiru , Ike Anthony
Published: September 2022

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are regarded as role models regarding health-related issues including vaccination. Therefore, it is essential to identify the predictors for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among them. A cross-sectional study to assess the risk perception, attitudes and knowledge of HCWs toward COVID-19 vaccination was carried out. A total of 710 responses were received between September 2021 to March 2022, from HCWs in the Northern, Western and Eastern regions of Nigeria. Cross tabulations were performed to determine statistical relations between sociodemographic variables, knowledge, attitudes and risk perceptions concerning COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Multinomial Logistic Regression analysis was performed to determine the predictive variables for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Statistical analyses were performed and P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant at a CI of 95%. Results showed that 59.3% of the participants were amenable to COVID-19 vaccines. Multinomial regression analysis identified 14 variables at α <0.05 as predictors for vaccine acceptance. Male HCWs were 2.8 times more likely to accept the vaccine than their female counterparts. HCWs that were knowledgeable of the different kinds of vaccines, willing to recommend the vaccines to their patients, believe that the timing of COVID-19 vaccination was appropriate and had recent vaccination history within three years were 1.6, 24.9, 4.4 and 3.1 times more likely to take COVID-19 vaccine than those not sure. The study found a relatively high trust (51.3%) in the Nigerian Center for Disease Control (NCDC) for information regarding COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, the NDCD should disseminate more robust insights regarding the safety profiles of various COVID-19 vaccines.
Application of Reichardt’s Solvent Polarity Scale [ET(30)] in the Selection of Bonding Agents for Composite Solid Rocket Propellants
Authors: Cataldo Franco
Published: September 2022

Bonding agents (BA) are key compounding ingredients for the correct formulation of composite solid rocket propellants (CSRP). In particular, the addition of BA is essential to achieve suitable mechanical properties of CSRP in terms of adequate tensile strength and elongation at break. It is shown that the polarity of each conventional BA as well as new potential BA can be measured through the Reichardt’s ET(30) polarity scale. Using this criteria it was possible to find a substitute for MAPO (tris-(methylaziridinyl)-phosphine oxide), a conventional BA with the drawback of high toxicity and high reactivity, with TTPT (tris-(pyrrolidine)-phosphine oxide), a completely safe and effective BA. In this work, many other potential BA were evaluated through the Reichardt’s ET(30) polarity scale but only a selection of the potential BA were effectively tested in a standard CSRP. Particular interesting was the evaluation of TTPT vs MAPO showing the ability of the former BA to match the mechanical properties of the latter BA.