bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Copolymerization Reactivity Ratio Inference: Determining Confidence Contours in Parameter Space via a Bayesian Hierarchical Approach
Authors: Reischke Robert
Published: November 2022

Confidence contours in parameter space are a helpful tool to compare and classify determined estimators. For more intricate parameter estimations of nonlinear nature or complex error structures, the procedure of determining confidence contours is a statistically complex task. For polymer chemists, such particular cases are encountered in determination of reactivity ratios in copolymerization. Hereby, determination of reactivity ratios in copolymerization requires nonlinear parameter estimation. Additionally, data may possess (possibly correlated) errors in both dependent and independent variables. A common approach for such nonlinear estimations is the error‐in‐variables model yielding statistically unbiased estimators. Regarding reactivity ratios, to date published procedures neglect the non‐Gaussian structure of the error estimates that is a consequence of the nonlinearity of the model. In this publication, this issue is addressed by employing a Bayesian hierarchical model, which correctly propagates the errors of all variables. The statistical procedure is discussed in chemist friendly language to encourage confident usage of the tool. The approach is based on a Python program requiring minimal installation effort. A detailed manual of the code is included in the appendix of this work, in an effort to make this procedure available to all interested polymer chemists.
Are you resilient? Machine learning prediction of corporate rebound out of the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Bughin Jacques
Published: November 2022

We use the Covid‐19 crisis to assess how four capability domains that traditionally support corporate performance (agility, innovation, ecosystem play and digitization) can also predict corporate resilience, among global firms. Our results are based on a blend of advanced machine learning techniques that capture the complementarities among capabilities. We confirm that dynamic capabilities boost recovery, but especially when linked with aggressive leadership posture, e.g. rebound is more likely when firms are the main player/orchestrator of their business ecosystems as well as when they invest in disruptive, as opposed to incremental innovations.
Recurrent FOSL1 rearrangements in desmoplastic fibroblastoma
Authors: De Noon Solange , Piggott Robert , Trotman Jamie , Tadross John A , Fittall Matthew , Hughes Debbie , Ye Hongtao , Munasinghe Emani , Murray Matthew , Tirabosco Roberto , Amary Fernanda , Coleman Nicholas , Watkins James , Hubank Michael , Tarpey Patrick , Behjati Sam , Flanagan Adrienne M
Published: November 2022

The FOS gene family has been implicated in tumourigenesis across several tumour types, particularly mesenchymal tumours. The rare fibrous tumour desmoplastic fibroblastoma is characterised by overexpression of FOSL1. However, previous studies using cytogenetic and molecular techniques did not identify an underlying somatic change involving the FOSL1 gene to explain this finding. Prompted by an unusual index case, we report the discovery of a novel FOSL1 rearrangement in desmoplastic fibroblastoma using whole‐genome and targeted RNA sequencing. We investigated 15 desmoplastic fibroblastomas and 15 fibromas of tendon sheath using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridisation and targeted RNA sequencing. Rearrangements in FOSL1 and FOS were identified in 10/15 and 2/15 desmoplastic fibroblastomas respectively, which mirrors the pattern of FOS rearrangements observed in benign bone and vascular tumours. Fibroma of tendon sheath, which shares histological features with desmoplastic fibroblastoma, harboured USP6 rearrangements in 9/15 cases and did not demonstrate rearrangements in any of the four FOS genes. The overall concordance between FOSL1 immunohistochemistry and RNA sequencing results was 90%. These findings illustrate that FOSL1 and FOS rearrangements are a recurrent event in desmoplastic fibroblastoma, establishing this finding as a useful diagnostic adjunct and expanding the spectrum of tumours driven by FOS gene family alterations. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Effects of wet treatment on bonding strength and electrothermal performance of electrothermal plywood bonded with emulsion polymer‐isocyanate adhesive
Authors: Tao Xin , Tian Dongxue , Liang Shanqing , Zhang Longfei , Li Shanming , Fu Feng
Published: November 2022

To create a green, safe, and aldehyde‐free indoor heating environment, an eco‐friendly emulsion polymer‐isocyanate (EPI) adhesive was applied to the preparation of electrothermal plywood with built‐in carbon fiber paper. The optimized process parameters of electrothermal plywood were 0.9 MPa, 120°C, 6 min, and 200 g/m2 for hot‐pressing pressure, temperature, time, and glue spread amount, respectively. After water immersion for 24 h, the bonding strength of wet‐treated electrothermal plywood decreased to 0.89 MPa. The pull‐out cracks of the carbon fiber paper were the main fracture form of the wet‐treated electrothermal plywood, and the wood failure percentage was 0%–10% under the tensile load. Hydrolysis of the adhesive layer of the wet‐treated electrothermal plywood occurred. The relative C and N contents in the wet‐treated electrothermal plywood decreased by 6.1% and 25.3%, respectively. Moreover, the resistance of the wet‐treated electrothermal plywood increased by 273.4% because the internal conductive path was interrupted during the intrusion of the water molecules. The highest electric‐to‐radiant transfer efficiency of the electrothermal plywood was 72.4%, with a power density of 200 W/m2. In conclusion, wet treatment has a significant effect on the bonding strength and electrothermal performance of the electrothermal plywood bonded with EPI adhesive.
Potentially inappropriate medications in nursing homes and the community older adults using the French health insurance databases
Authors: Drusch Solene , Le Tri Thien , Ankri Joel , Michelon Hugues , Zureik Mahmoud , Herr Marie
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) have become a major issue in improving prescribing practices and reducing the risk of adverse drug events in older people. However, very few studies have compared exposition to PIMs controlling for differences in demographic and health between nursing home residents (NHRs) and community‐dwelling older adults (CDOAs). This study aimed to assess the prescribing pattern of PIMs between NHRs and CDOAs.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study over three months in 2019 using the French Health Insurance databases. The study population included 274 971 NHRs and 4 893 721 CDOAs aged 75 years or over. The prevalence ratio (PR) between NHRs and CDOAs of 17 PIM indicators, based on the Beers and STOPP criteria lists, was assessed using multivariable robust Poisson regression adjusted for age, sex, diseases, and polypharmacy.

Results

During the study period, 54% of NHRs and 29% of CDOAs received at least one PIM. After adjustment, the prevalence of PIMs was 33% higher among NHRs compared to CDOAs (aPR = 1.33; 95% CI [1.33–1.34]). NHRs received PIMs related to benzodiazepines (aPR = 1.43; 95% CI [1.42–1.43]), anticholinergic drugs (aPR = 1.29; 95% CI [1.27–1.31]), and at least three central nervous system‐active drugs (aPR = 1.94; 95% CI [1.92–1.96]) more frequently. Prevalence of PIMs related to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (aPR = 0.50; 95% CI [0.48–0.52]) and long‐acting benzodiazepines (aPR = 0.84; 95% CI [0.82–0.85]) was lower among NHRs.

Conclusion

The NHRs were at greater risk for PIM than CDOAs, although differences exist according to the category of PIMs. As the population is aging, it is essential to promote and evaluate interventions in NHs and the community to enhance medication optimization.
Analysis of in vitro and in vivo metabolism of zidovudine and gemfibrozil in trans‐chromosomic mouse line expressing human UGT2 enzymes
Authors: Kobayashi Kaoru , Deguchi Tsuneo , Abe Satoshi , Kajitani Naoyo , Kazuki Kanako , Takehara Shoko , Nakamura Kazuomi , Kurihara Atsushi , Oshimura Mitsuo , Kazuki Yasuhiro
Published: November 2022

UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze the conjugation of various substrates with sugars. Since the UGT2 family forms a large cluster spanning 1.5 Mb, transgenic mouse lines carrying the entire human UGT2 family have not been constructed because of limitations in conventional cloning techniques. Therefore, we made a humanized mouse model for UGT2 by chromosome engineering technologies. The results showed that six UGT2 isoforms examined were expressed in the liver of adult humanized UGT2 (hUGT2) mice. Thus, the functions of human UGT2B7 in the liver of hUGT2 mice were evaluated. Glucuronide of azidothymidine (AZT, zidovudine), a typical UGT2B7 substrate, was formed in the liver microsomes of hUGT2 mice but not in the liver microsomes of wild‐type and Ugt2‐knockout mice. When AZT was intravenously administered, AZT glucuronide was detected in the bile and urine of hUGT2 mice, but it was not detected in the bile and urine of wild‐type and Ugt2‐knockout mice. These results indicated that the hUGT2 mice express functional human UGT2B7 in the liver. This finding was also confirmed by using gemfibrozil as an alternative UGT2B7 substrate. Gemfibrozil glucuronide was formed in the liver microsomes of hUGT2 mice and was mainly excreted in the bile of hUGT2 mice after intravenous dosing of gemfibrozil. This hUGT2 mouse model will enable improved predictions of pharmacokinetics, urinary and biliary excretion and drug–drug interactions mediated by human UGT2, at least UGT2B7, in drug development research and basic research.
Ab – initio study on the stability and electronic property of graphene nanosheets: Applications to batteries
Authors: Paramasivam Naveena , Sambandam Anandan , Natesan Baskaran
Published: November 2022

The aim of this work is to improve the electrochemical performance of graphene nanosheets for its potential applications as electrode materials in supercapacitors. In order to achieve this, we have carried out detailed ab – initio based density functional theory calculations on pristine and functionalized graphene nanosheets (containing 8, 18, and 32 carbon atoms) with different functional groups. We considered graphene nanosheets functionalized with groups such as ether, lactone, ketone, and carboxylate in addition to previously studied epoxy and hydroxyl. From the structural optimization, we observed variations in the transverse displacement of carbon atoms, changes in CC and CO bond length, and bond angles. In particular, we noticed when functionalized with lactone CC and CO bonds contracts more which results in excessive surface charge density, and quantum capacitance, This suggest that C32 – functionalized with lactone would be a better candidate for battery electrodes with relatively high and values.
Stochastic stabilization of multi‐degree‐of‐freedom nonlinear random‐time‐delay controlled systems
Authors: Hu Rongchun , Lu Xiang , Zhang Dongxu , Gu Xudong
Published: November 2022

The random‐time‐delay (RTD) occurs inevitably in feedback control, caused by the utilization of a multi‐user network with random demands. This paper is devoted to the stochastic stabilization of multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDOF) nonlinear RTD controlled systems. Firstly, a two‐step approximated method is proposed to deal with RTD: by modeling the RTD as a Markov jump process, the RTD control is formulated as the one with discrete jump varying delay; utilizing the randomly periodic characteristic, the Markov jump delay is taken out of the control as a parameter. The stochastic averaging principle is applied to generate a less‐dimensional averaged governing equation of system's energies. Secondly, the dynamical programming principle is applied to the ergodic control problem of the average systems with an undetermined cost function, which is determined by the demand of stabilizing the averaged systems, then the optimal control law is deduced. A largest Lyapunov exponent is introduced to the averaged systems to evaluate the asymptotic stability with probability one. Finally, an example is worked out to demonstrate the application and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Model‐free self‐triggered control based on deep reinforcement learning for unknown nonlinear systems
Authors: Wan Haiying , Karimi Hamid Reza , Luan Xiaoli , Liu Fei
Published: November 2022

This article proposes a joint learning technique for control inputs and triggering intervals of self‐triggered control nonlinear systems with unknown dynamics. First, deep reinforcement learning is introduced to the self‐triggered control system by considering both the control performance and triggering performance in the reward function. Then, the control inputs and triggering intervals are simultaneously learned by the developed deep deterministic policy gradient approach. Under this strategy, not only the desired control performance is guaranteed for unknown nonlinear systems, but also both the computation and communication occupation for the controlled system are decreased without any triggering thresholds. Finally, simulations for the cart‐pole swing‐up system are illustrated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) Synthesis from Starch with Zeolite Based Catalysts
Authors: Yakupoğlu Şevval , Akmaz Solmaz , Koç Serkan Naci
Published: November 2022

In the study, it is aimed to use effective zeolite‐based catalysts for the synthesis of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from starch in different solvent environments. Al, Zn, and heteropolyacid (HPW) loaded USY zeolites are prepared and characterized using XRD, BET method, Inductive Coupling Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP‐MS), Pyridine‐DRIFTS, and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The efficiency of the prepared catalysts is investigated in 1‐Butyl‐3‐Methylimidazolium Chloride (BMIMCI) ionic liquid, DMSO, and THF solvents at different temperatures and reaction times for HMF synthesis. 24.5% HMF yield using Zn‐USY zeolite and 50.3% HMF yield using USY H‐zeolite is obtained in BMIMCI ionic liquid at 130 °C for 3 h. HMF yield of 47% is obtained using Zn‐USY zeolite catalyst at 160 °C in 4 h, at 170 °C in 2 h, and at 180 °C in 1 h in DMSO. In a two‐phase reaction medium with THF and H2O, the HMF yield is 46.8% at 160 °C in 4 h, 52.2% at 170 °C in 30 min, and 38.1% at 180 °C in 2 h with Zn‐USY zeolite catalyst. The reusability of the Zn‐USY zeolite has been tested and the efficiency of catalyst does not decrease in reuse for five times.
Morphological and Functional Properties of Millet Starches as Influenced by Different Modification Techniques: A Review
Authors: Thakur Kavita , Sharma Savita , Sharma Rajan
Published: November 2022

The growing need for new starches has sparked interest in the expansion of novel starch sources for the food sector. Millets are popular due to various health benefits and sustainability. Similar to the majority of cereals, the major constituent and quality factor of millet grain is its starch, which contributes 60—70% of the whole grain. Utilization of starch is reliant on its structural and functional properties. Starch in its native form does not possess all the required properties such as low temperature and shear stability. The desired properties for food products can achieved by modifying the starch functionality and morphology via physical, chemical, enzymatic, and dual methods. At present, research for potential application of native as well as modified millet starch is limited. The objective of this review is to focus on the techno‐functional and morphological properties, various modification techniques, and applications of the millet starches. The review paper also summaries the applications of modified millet starch in the food industry.
Intramural jejunal haematoma in an Arabian mare as a cause of colic: Clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Orr Haion , Rabea Haddad , Amos Tatz J. , Ori Brenner , Gal Kelmer
Published: November 2022

An 11‐year‐old Arabian mare was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine because of acute colic. During exploratory laparotomy, a segment of the jejunum was found to be necrotic, with a haematoma on its antimesenteric border. The segment was removed via hand‐sewn resection and anastomosis, and the mare recovered successfully. Histopathology revealed intramural haematoma located in the tunica muscularis. Three years later, the mare is healthy, and is back to its intended use as a brood mare.
Effect of hydraulic retention time on performance of autotrophic, heterotrophic, and split‐mixotrophic denitrification systems supported by polycaprolactone/pyrite: Difference and potential explanation
Authors: Yuan Sicheng , Zhu Wentao , Guo Weijie , Sang Wenjiao , Zhang Shiyang
Published: November 2022

Biological denitrification is still the most important pathway to purifying nitrate‐containing wastewater. In this study, pyrite (FeS2) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were used as electron donors to construct sole or combined denitrification systems, that is, pyrite‐based autotrophic denitrification (PAD) system, PCL‐supported heterotrophic denitrification (PHD) system, and split‐mixotrophic denitrification system (combined PAD + PHD), all of which were operated under five different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) for 150 days. The results showed that the removal rates (RE) of nitrate (NO3−‐N) and inorganic phosphorus (PO43−‐P) by PAD were 91% and 94%, respectively, but the effluent sulfate (SO42−) concentration was as high as 168.2 mg/L; the removal rate of NO3−‐N by PHD was higher than 99%, but the PO43−‐P could not be removed ideally; the removal rates of NO3−‐N and PO43−‐P by PAD + PHD were higher than 95% and 99%, respectively, and the effluent SO42− concentration was only 7.2 mg/L. Through the analysis of the surface scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the two kinds of media before and after use, it was found that the coupled mode of PAD + PHD was more favorable for biofilm formation than the sole PAD or PHD process, and the microorganisms in the PAD + PHD mode made more full use of electron donors. Moreover, the biomass of the PAD + PHD mode was lower than that of the PAD or PHD process, but the denitrification efficiency of the coupled mode was more efficient, indicating that the functional microorganisms in the PAD + PHD mode might have a certain synergistic effect.

Practitioner Points

Removal rates of NO3−, PO43−, and SO42− by PAD were 91%, 94%, and −233%, respectively.

Removal rate of NO3− by PHD exceeded 99%, but PO43− could not be removed ideally.

Removal rates of NO3−, PO43−, and SO42− by PAD + PHD were 95%, 99%, and 86%, respectively.

The coupled mode was more favorable for biofilm formation than the sole PAD or PHD.

The coupled mode had lower biomass but got more excellent denitrification efficiency.
Weshalb Subsidiary Governance?
Authors: Renz Patrick , Böhrer Nikola , Peter Marc K.
Published: November 2022

Durch die zunehmende Internationalisierung von Unternehmen wird das Führen über die Landesgrenzen hinaus immer wichtiger. Internationalisierung ist heutzutage für Unternehmen unabhängig von ihrer Größe beinahe eine Grundvoraussetzung, um erfolgreich zu sein. Ziele, die ein Unternehmen mit der Internationalisierung verfolgt, sind bspw. Wachstum durch Erschließung neuer Märkte oder das Auslagern von Teilen der Wertkette und damit die Konzentration auf Kernkompetenzen. Die Digitalisierung bzw. digitale Transformation hat die Möglichkeiten zur Internationalisierung noch stark vergrößert. Zur Erreichung dieser Ziele werden ausländische Niederlassungen (englisch: subsidiaries) gegründet oder Partnerschaften mit Unternehmen anderer Länder eingegangen.
Das Subsidiary Governance Modell
Authors: Renz Patrick , Böhrer Nikola , Peter Marc K.
Published: November 2022

Das Subsidiary Governance Modell (Abb. 2.1) besteht aus sechs Inhaltsmodulen und sechs resultatorientierten Modulen. Die sechs Inhaltsmodule bestimmen den Inhalt bzw. die Grundlage der Subsidiary Governance, weshalb man sie auch „Grundlagenmodule“ nennen kann. Sie beantworten die Frage, welche Themen für gute Führung und Kontrolle einer Subsidiary fundamental und wichtig sind und liefern somit eine Aussage über die Qualität dessen, was in einem Unternehmen vorhanden ist oder nicht. Mit anderen Worten: Die Steuerung und Kontrolle von Niederlassungen muss die Bereiche System, Mission, Integrität, Anspruchsgruppen, Risiko und Audit umfassen. Ohne diese inhaltliche Konkretisierung bleibt Subsidiary Governance ein schwer greifbarer Begriff.
Aspects of irregular punctures via holography
Authors: Bah Ibrahima , Bonetti Federico , Nardoni Emily , Waddleton Thomas
Published: November 2022

Abstract

We present new families of AdS5 solutions in M-theory preserving 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetry. We perform a systematic analysis of holographic observables for these solutions, providing evidence for an interpretation in terms of 4d superconformal field theories (SCFTs) of Argyres-Douglas type, realized in class $$ \mathcal{S} $$
S
via a sphere with one irregular, and one regular puncture. The gravity solutions exhibit internal M5-brane sources that correspond to the irregular puncture. For a family of solutions, we identify explicitly the class $$ \mathcal{S} $$
S
puncture data and perform a detailed match, including Higgs branch operators. For other families we comment on proposed field theory duals, based on irregular punctures labeled by nested Young tableaux.
Understanding citizen perceptions of AI in the smart city
Authors: Lehtiö Anu , Hartikainen Maria , Ala-Luopa Saara , Olsson Thomas , Väänänen Kaisa
Published: November 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) is embedded in a wide variety of Smart City applications and infrastructures, often without the citizens being aware of the nature of their “intelligence”. AI can affect citizens’ lives concretely, and thus, there may be uncertainty, concerns, or even fears related to AI. To build acceptable futures of Smart Cities with AI-enabled functionalities, the Human-Centered AI (HCAI) approach offers a relevant framework for understanding citizen perceptions. However, only a few studies have focused on clarifying the citizen perceptions of AI in the context of smart city research. To address this gap, we conducted a two-phased study. In the pre-study, we explored citizen perceptions and experiences of AI with a short survey (N = 91). Second, scenario-based interviews (N = 7) were utilized to gain in-depth insights of citizen perceptions of AI in the Smart City context. Five central themes were recognized: (1) I don’t like them monitoring me, (2) I want maximum gain for minimum effort, (3) I don’t want AI to mimic people, (4) I’ll avoid using AI if I consider the risk too high, and (5) I don’t need to be concerned about AI. These offer an idea of human-centered requirements worth considering while designing AI applications for future Smart Cities.
Computer-aided design and manufacturing technology applied to total nasal reconstruction
Authors: Sgarzani Rossella , Meccariello Giuseppe , Iannella Giannicola , Gessaroli Manlio , Vicini Claudio , Melandri Davide , Morellini Andrea
Published: November 2022

The principles of nasal reconstruction include the need to reconstruct three tissue layers, the need to restore entire skin aesthetical units, and, possibly, the replacement with like tissues. Computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technologies were applied to two total nasal reconstructions in male patients who underwent rhinectomy for cancer. Three-dimensional (3D) data were obtained from computerized tomography (CT) scan-derived DICOM files (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine), this allowed us to design the shape of the reconstructive nose in order to mimic the native nose and to plan dimensions and angles. A custom-made titanium plate was manufactured for the structure and a bi-dimensional template for the forehead flap was printed. The patients underwent a total nasal reconstruction in three layers: local flaps for the lining, custom-made titanium plate for the structure, and expanded forehead flap for the skin. Forehead flap pedicle was divided 3 weeks postoperatively under local anesthesia in an outpatient clinic, as well as further minor refinements. The patients underwent a 6-month post-operative CT scan in order to compare the result to the planned nose. No complications were reported. The superimposition demonstrated a 92% match in case 1 and 95% match in case 2 between the reconstructed nose and the planned one. Forehead flap is still the most favorable option for nasal reconstruction, CAD technology allows to implement the planning and makes the procedure easier; moreover, the use of a CAM plate for the structure allows to reconstruct a nose with the desired naso-frontal angle.

Level of evidence: level V, therapeutic study.
Genomic analysis of emmer wheat shows a complex history with two distinct domestic groups and evidence of differential hybridization with wild emmer from the western Fertile Crescent
Authors: Iob Alice , Botigué Laura
Published: November 2022

Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (wild emmer wheat) was one of the first plants that gave rise to domestic wheat forms in southwest Asia. The details of the domestication of emmer and its early dispersal routes out of southwest Asia remain elusive, especially with regard to its dispersal to the east. In this study, we combine whole genome data from a selection of specimens of modern wild T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides and domestic T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum (emmer wheats) with a previously published 3,000 year old sample, to explore the phylogenetic relationships between wild and domestic populations of emmer, and especially the early dispersal routes south and eastwards to Africa and Asia, respectively. Our data confirm a marked differentiation between landraces from Europe, the Caucasus and Iran, and those from Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and India, the first group being more closely related to wild emmer from the northern and eastern Fertile Crescent. Gene flow is detected between wild emmer from the western Fertile Crescent and the second group of domestic emmer. These results support a dispersal route from southwest Asia to Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and India. We also observe a lower genetic variability in the wild emmer from the northern and eastern compared with that of the western Fertile Crescent. It is possible that the ancestors of domestic emmer that spread into Egypt still remain to be surveyed and analysed. Investigating the genetic content of ancient samples from Europe, the Caucasus or Iran would be very valuable to determine whether the two distinct types of germplasm arose during history or were already present during the early phases of dispersal.
Near-term regional climate change in East Africa
Authors: Choi Yeon-Woo , Campbell Deborah J. , Eltahir Elfatih A.B.
Published: November 2022

In the coming few decades, projected increases in global temperature and humidity are generally expected to exacerbate human exposure to climate extremes (e.g., humid-heat and rainfall extremes). Despite the growing risk of humid-heat stress (measured by wet-bulb temperature), it has received less attention in East Africa, where arid and semi-arid climatic conditions prevail. Moreover, no consensus has yet been reached across models regarding future changes in rainfall over this region. Here, we screen Global Climate Models (GCMs) from CMIP5 and CMIP6 and use, for boundary conditions, simulations from only those GCMs that simulate successfully recent climatic trends. Based on these GCMs and Regional Climate Model (RCM) simulations, we project that annual mean temperature is likely to rise by 2 ℃ toward midcentury (2021–2050) ​at a faster rate than the global average (about 1.5 ℃), under the RCP8.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, associated with more frequent and severe climate extremes. In particular, low-lying regions in East Africa will be vulnerable to severe heat stress, with an extreme wet-bulb temperature approaching or exceeding the US National Weather Service’s extreme danger threshold of 31 ℃. On the other hand, population centers in the highlands of Ethiopia will receive significantly more precipitation during the autumn season and will see more extreme rainfall events, with implications for flooding and agriculture. The robustness of these results across all GCM and RCM simulations, and for both of CMIP5 and CMIP6 frameworks (CMIP: Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project) supports the reliability of these future projections. Our simulations of near-term climate change impacts are designed to inform the development of sound adaptation strategies for the region.
Five-year follow-up of corneal endothelial cell density after transscleral ab interno glaucoma gel stent implantation
Authors: Lenzhofer Markus , Motaabbed Armin , Colvin Hans Peter , Hohensinn Melchior , Steiner Veit , Hitzl Wolfgang , Runge Christian , Moussa Sarah , Reitsamer Herbert A.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study investigates the course of the endothelial cell density over a period of 5 years after XEN45 implantation (XEN45µm, Allergan Plc., USA) with or without combined cataract surgery.

Methods

This is a prospective, cross-sectional, monocentric, non-randomized clinical trial with the intention to treat a population of the University Eye Clinic Glaucoma Service Salzburg. One hundred and fifty-five eyes with preoperative central corneal endothelial cell counts were subjected to XEN45 implantation with (combined surgery group) or without (solo surgery group) combined cataract surgery. Endothelial cell density was measured at 3 corneal positions. XEN45 location parameters were determined with anterior segment OCT and gonioscopy.

Results

In the combined surgery group, a significant reduction of central endothelial cell count was found at years 2 and 4 when compared to baseline (p = 0.001 and p = 0.02, n = 86), whereas at years 1, 3, and 5, no change was detected (all p > 0.09). The median reduction of endothelial cell count was − 79 (95% CI: − 183 to − 9) and − 93 (95% CI: − 220 to 23) cells at years 2 and 4, respectively. In the solo surgery group (n = 69), no significant change in endothelial cell counts was detected at any time during the 5-year evaluation period (all p > 0.07). Explorative data analyses revealed that XEN45 location parameters did not significantly influence the course of endothelial cell count over time.

Conclusions

Endothelial cell loss after XEN45 implantation seems to be low. The present data suggest no impact on the position of the implant with regard to central endothelial cell counts in this study.
Natur-basierte Systeme in der Siedlungswasserwirtschaft
Authors: Pucher Bernhard , Ertl Thomas , Langergraber Günter
Published: November 2022

Natur-basierte Systeme (NBS) sind Schlüsseltechnologien in der Siedlungswasserwirtschaft für die urbane Wasserwirtschaft sowie die Abwasserreinigung. Die Entwicklung von NBS begann in den 1960er-Jahren mit bepflanzten Bodenfiltern (auch Pflanzenkläranlage genannt) und führte zur Entwicklung und Anwendung diverser NBS für die Wasseraufbereitung und Versickerung, wie Grüne Dächer, vertikale Begrünungen und Regenwasserversickerungsanlagen. Ein Vorteil von NBS ist ihre Multifunktionalität. Diese inkludiert unter anderem Schutz vor Überflutungen, Stadtentwässerung, Biodiversität, Kühlung und Schutz vor Schadstofftransport in Grund- sowie Oberflächengewässer und die Eingliederung in die Kreislaufwirtschaft. Um die Umsetzung sowie den Nachweis der multiplen Funktionen zu sichern, ist eine integrative Planung beim Einsatz von NBS essenziell.
An interior search algorithm based on chaotic and crossover strategies for parameter extraction of polyphase induction machines
Authors: Rizk-Allah Rizk M. , Abdelwanis Mohamed I. , El-Sehiemy Ragab A. , Abd-Elrazek Ahmed S.
Published: November 2022

The accuracy of the extracted parameters is important for studying the polyphase induction motor performance and/or the motor control schemes. An investigated and improved interior search algorithm (IISA) is presented in this study for extracting the optimal values of estimated parameters of six-phase and three-phase induction motors. This investigation was carried out on two polyphase induction motors as experimental research cases, utilizing features of manufacturer's operation. The estimated parameters show the high capability regarding the performance of the desired IISA optimizer. The performance of the proposed IISA is compared with different modern optimization algorithms including the basic ISA, and other state-of-the-art approaches. Experimental verifications are validated on two polyphase induction motors, called six-phase and three-phase induction motors. The obtained results show that the proposed method is very competitive in extracting the unknown parameters of different induction motor models with a high degree of closeness to the experimental records. Moreover, various statistical tests, such as the Wilcoxon rank test, stability analysis, and convergence analysis, have been conducted to justify the performance of the proposed IISA. From all the analyses, it has been revealed that the proposed IISA is a competitive method compared to other popular state-of-the-art competitors and ISA variant with accurately identified parameters.
The ASPECT Hydrocephalus System: a non-hierarchical descriptive system for clinical use
Authors: Milan Joachim Birch , Jensen Thorbjørn Søren Rønn , Nørager Nicolas , Pedersen Sarah Skovlunde Hornshøj , Riedel Casper Schwartz , Toft Nikolaj Malthe , Ammar Ahmed , Foroughi Mansoor , Grotenhuis André , Perera Andrea , Rekate Harold , Juhler Marianne
Published: November 2022

In patients with hydrocephalus, prognosis and intervention are based on multiple factors. This includes, but is not limited to, time of onset, patient age, treatment history, and obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid flow. Consequently, several distinct hydrocephalus classification systems exist. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is universally applied, but in ICD-10 and the upcoming ICD-11, hydrocephalus diagnoses incorporate only a few factors, and the hydrocephalus diagnoses of the ICD systems are based on different clinical measures. As a consequence, multiple diagnoses can be applied to individual cases. Therefore, similar patients may be described with different diagnoses, while clinically different patients may be diagnosed identically. This causes unnecessary dispersion in hydrocephalus diagnostics, rendering the ICD classification of little use for research and clinical decision-making. This paper critically reviews the ICD systems for scientific and functional limitations in the classification of hydrocephalus and presents a new descriptive system. We propose describing hydrocephalus by a system consisting of six clinical key factors of hydrocephalus: A (anatomy); S (symptomatology); P (previous interventions); E (etiology); C (complications); T (time–onset and current age). The “ASPECT Hydrocephalus System” is a systematic, nuanced, and applicable description of patients with hydrocephalus, with a potential to resolve the major issues of previous classifications, thus providing new opportunities for standardized treatment and research.
Comparative analysis of the effect of Bioactive Glass 45S5 on enamel erosion progression in human dentitions (in vitro study)
Authors: Salma Rehab Samir , Eldardiry Nour Khaled , Elmaddah Haya Ayman , Ismail Hoda Ahmed , Salem Eman M.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to compare the surface morphology alterations, mineral content, and surface roughness of eroded enamel surface versus eroded enamel surface which was preceded by Bioactive Glass 45S5 (BAG45S5) application in both primary and permanent human dentitions.

Materials and methods

Fifty-two primary teeth and fifty-two permanent teeth were selected. Teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups of twenty-six teeth each. Groups A1 and B1 underwent erosion with 1% citric acid, while groups A2 and B2 were subjected to application of BAG45S5 powder followed by the same erosive conditions as A1 and B1. Measurements were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and surface profilometry. They were used to examine the surface morphology alterations, mineral content, and surface roughness, respectively.

Results

SEM of enamel which received BAG45S5 showed smoother surface in primary teeth post erosion. EDX analysis showed that enamel exhibited crucial resistance to mineral loss in the group which received BAG45S5 prior to inducing erosion as compared to the induced erosion-only group. This was significant (p < 0.005) in both human dentitions. Erosion-only groups showed significantly less surface roughness in permanent teeth (p < 0.045). A marked decrease in surface roughness was observed in surfaces receiving BAG45S5, primary teeth (p < 0.001), and permanent teeth (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Bioactive Glass 45S5 proved successful against erosive conditions in both primary and permanent teeth with better performance in the permanent teeth so it can be regarded as a means of prevention.

Clinical relevance

Bioactive Glass 45S5 powder could be used not only to remove stains but also as a prophylactic preventive measure against the multiple episodes of acidic food and beverage consumption in children.
When and why patients drop out from benign thyroid nodules follow-up: a single centre experience
Authors: Pirola Ilenia , Rotondi Mario , Di Lodovico Elena , Pezzaioli Letizia Chiara , Agosti Barbara , Castellano Maurizio , Ferlin Alberto , Cappelli Carlo
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Drop-out in clinical long-term follow-up is a general problem that is potentially harmful to patients. No data about patients that drop out from thyroid ultrasound follow-up is available literature. The aim of the present retrospective study was to evaluate the characteristics of patients that dropped out from ultrasound thyroid nodule follow-up.

Patients and methods

We reviewed medical records of all consecutive patients who underwent a fine needle aspiration from January 2007 to March 2009 in our department. All the patients with benign nodule(s) were recommended annual ultrasounds; patients who had dropped out from follow-up were included and a telephone interview was obtained to evaluate the reasons for dropping out.

Results

289/966 (30%) of patients with benign nodules dropped out during follow-up; 94% of them within the first 5 years. Phone interviews were obtained from 201/289 (70%) of the patients. In the 57% of cases, the main declared reason for dropping out was nodular dimension stability during the first 2-3 years; 8.7% of them had forgotten about the appointment; 6.4% of subjects claimed to check only serum TSH, and 3.2% stated that they would undergo an ultrasound only if the nodule(s) were symptomatic. Finally, 10.7% patients continued follow-up in other centres.

Conclusion

we showed that a third of patients miss their thyroid ultrasound follow-ups, and that the major cause is the low perceived threat coming from the disease. As a certain amount of drop-out is inevitable, attempting to reinforce our patients’ awareness regarding their own health state is mandatory.

Trial registration

Trial registration: no. 4084.
A Large Group Decision Making Method Considering Experts’ Non-cooperative Behavior for Investment Selection of Renewable Energy Projects
Authors: Liu Peide , Dong Xin , Wang Peng
Published: November 2022

The rapid expansion of renewable energy has attracted the attention of investors, which makes the evaluation of renewable energy projects a momentous issue. As the investment selection of renewable energy projects requires the joint discussion of experts from different professional backgrounds (such as energy, transportation, construction, economy, environment, etc.), it belongs to the category of large group decision-making (LGDM). Therefore, this paper is devoted to propose a novel LGDM method considering experts’ non-cooperative behavior for investment selection of renewable energy projects. First, considering that the complexity of renewable energy projects makes it difficult for experts to express their views in a single linguistic word, the hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set is used as the tool for expert evaluation in this paper. Second, since the assessment information provided by experts from different fields are often heterogeneous, a consensus-reaching process with a feedback mechanism is introduced which comprehensively considers three reliable sources: the experts’ trust relationship in the social trust network, the consensus contribution in the subgroup and the opinions’ similarity among experts. Further, to improve the efficiency and rationality of decision-making, an experts’ historical adjustment data-based non-cooperative behavior management method is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness and innovation of the proposed method are verified by a case of renewable energy power generation project investment selection in Qingdao, China and a series of comparative analysis.
Molecular dynamics studies of ionic liquid-surface interactions for electrospray thrusters
Authors: Bendimerad Rafid , Petro Elaine
Published: November 2022

Electrospray thrusters are of particular interest for micropropulsion because of their compactness, high specific impulse, and their ability to operate over very long periods of time. However, particles on the periphery of the plume are susceptible to collide with the extractor grid, which may reduce the efficiency and limit the lifetime of the electrospray thruster. Therefore, a thorough characterization of the collision process and byproducts is crucial to understanding the long-term surface effects and overcoming the lifetime-limiting mechanisms. This study attempts to investigate particle impingement on the extractor grid using molecular dynamics simulations with two different models. The first model is based on a non-reactive force field and is used to investigate the dissociation of ionic bonds. The second model is based on a reactive force field and is used to investigate the breaking of covalent bonds. In both cases, a statistical analysis is carried out over the initial configuration of the molecule. The major results of this study are: (1) the inference of probability curves of the ionic dissociation in function of the impact energy for temperatures ranging from 300K to 1000K, and (2) the prediction of mass spectra of the byproducts post-collision. The probability curves indicate a strong correlation between the impact energy and the ionic dissociation for energies smaller than 60 eV. The predicted mass spectra indicate that strong collisions are more likely to produce light byproducts whereas weak collisions tend to produce heavier molecules.
Beyond the Sharia State: Public Celebrations and Everyday State-Making in the Malay Islamic Monarchy of Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Müller Dominik M.
Published: November 2022

This article describes post-colonial state-making in the absolute monarchy of Brunei. After detailing the Sultan’s powers, contextualizing the monarchy’s stability, and introducing its state ideology, Melayu Islam Beraja (“MIB”), the article addresses formal laws, such as Brunei’s Constitution and a new Islamic penal code, which are symbolically significant for the MIB state’s (self-)legitimation but have little immediate relevance to many Bruneians’ lives. The article, therefore, shifts its focus to normative spheres that receive much less scholarly attention but, arguably, should—namely state-rituals like the Sultan’s three-week-long birthday celebrations. These, and other non-legal spheres, including, also, royal speeches, contain normative aspects that reflect and impact key developments in the MIB state. Grounded in the Royal Birthday’s and Islamic penal code’s analysis, the final part problematizes stereotypes of Brunei being a “sharia state” vis-à-vis its multidirectional normative messages and ability to hybridize broad cultural influences for the ruling system’s benefit.
Forecasting mortality rates with a coherent ensemble averaging approach
Authors: Chang Le , Shi Yanlin
Published: November 2022

Modeling and forecasting of mortality rates are closely related to a wide range of actuarial practices, such as the designing of pension schemes. To improve the forecasting accuracy, age coherence is incorporated in many recent mortality models, which suggests that the long-term forecasts will not diverge infinitely among age groups. Despite their usefulness, misspecification is likely to occur for individual mortality models when applied in empirical studies. The reliableness and accuracy of forecast rates are therefore negatively affected. In this study, an ensemble averaging or model averaging (MA) approach is proposed, which adopts age-specific weights and asymptotically achieves age coherence in mortality forecasting. The ensemble space contains both newly developed age-coherent and classic age-incoherent models to achieve the diversity. To realize the asymptotic age coherence, consider parameter errors, and avoid overfitting, the proposed method minimizes the variance of out-of-sample forecasting errors, with a uniquely designed coherent penalty and smoothness penalty. Our empirical data set include ten European countries with mortality rates of 0–100 age groups and spanning 1950–2016. The outstanding performance of MA is presented using the empirical sample for mortality forecasting. This finding robustly holds in a range of sensitivity analyses. A case study based on the Italian population is finally conducted to demonstrate the improved forecasting efficiency of MA and the validity of the proposed estimation of weights, as well as its usefulness in actuarial applications such as the annuity pricing.
Hyperbolicity and abundance of elliptical islands in annular billiards
Authors: BATISTA REGINALDO BRAZ , DIAS CARNEIRO MÁRIO JORGE , OLIFFSON KAMPHORST SYLVIE
Published: November 2022

We study the billiard dynamics in annular tables between two eccentric circles. As the center and the radius of the inner circle changes, a two-parameters map is defined by the first return of trajectories to the obstacle. We obtain an increasing family of hyperbolic sets, in the sense of the Hausdorff distance, as the radius goes to zero and the center of the obstacle approximates the outer boundary. The dynamics on each of these sets is conjugate to a shift with an increasing number of symbols. We also show that for many parameters, the system presents quadratic homoclinic tangencies whose bifurcation gives rise to elliptical islands (conservative Newhouse phenomenon). Thus, for many parameters, we obtain the coexistence of a ‘large’ hyperbolic set with many elliptical islands.
Are there differences between governing and managing strategic networks of different sizes and ages?
Authors: Costa Caroline Cordova Bicudo da , Luz Aruana Rosa Souza , Wegner Douglas
Published: November 2022

This paper aims to analyze how governance and management of strategic networks (SNs) composed of small firms differ according to network size and length of existence. We analyzed 20 Brazilian SNs, comparing oldest to youngest and largest to smallest. The results show that large SNs have a more robust management structure, automated process control system, and centralized strategic decision-making power. Only small and younger SNs are not centralized and lack incentive mechanisms for members. Moreover, older SNs have a centralized strategic formulation and implementation process, whereas younger SNs have a more inclusive and participatory one. The results confirm previous studies and offer a fine-grained comprehension of the governance of SNs according to the number of members. The findings contribute to the nascent network governance theory and offer insights to network managers who have to reconfigure the governance as the number of members grows.