bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IV Seminario Internacional de Investigación: Composición e investigación
Authors: Astaiza Andrey
Published: February 2022

La investigación y las artes en particular la música, me parece que tiende a percibirse como opuesta, o como contradictorias. Y esto es cierto, aun en las universidades y las facultades de arte, de las que creo venimos todos. Yo pienso en la Universidad, donde he servido como director de las artes sonoras y vicerrector de la universidad las artes del Ecuador, que está fundada sobre el principio de la investigación en artes, la relegación de la trayectoria artística, de músicos activos en su campo, que no necesariamente vienen de la tradición de la música occidental. Y obviamente en la creación de una universidad que no se ha anquilosada y que responda a la realidad del Ecuador y sus necesidades.
Perspectivas investigativas de las industrias culturales y creativas: subsector artesanía
Authors: Rodríguez Romero Luis David , Redondo Méndez Andrea Carolina , Ospina Martínez Oswaldo
Published: February 2022

Este artículo presenta las perspectivas investigativasde las industrias culturales y creativas, en específico con relación al subsector de artesanías. Para ellovincula una revisión bibliográfica de 15 artículos conrelación al descriptor “artesanías” que se encuentranpublicados en revistas indexadas de la base de datosScopus desde el año 2000 hasta el año 2018. Esta investigación es un estudio no experimental, de tipoexploratorio y conceptual que logró la identificaciónde las perspectivas investigativas en torno a estesubsector, permitiendo reconocer también su característica multidisciplinar, debido a su incidencia envarios campos de la vida humana. Sin embargo, sumayor valor artístico va dirigido al fortalecimiento dela identidad y la cultura, pues a través de los bienesculturales que se crean por los artesanos, se transmite y expone las raíces y las costumbres de un gruposocial determinado. Adicionalmente, este avance corresponde a las primeras fases de investigación queintenta reconocer los aportes académicos generadosdesde el desarrollo social y económico de este tipo deindustrias, pasando desde una visión general y continuando con revisiones detalladas en los principalessubsectores. Es válido recalcar la importancia de esteproceso investigativo, pues expone a terceros interesados las distintas externalidades de conocimientoque ayudan a plantear el camino y las opciones paragenerar mayores oportunidades a todos aquellos actores que conviven en este tipo de red.
Arte desobediente
Authors: Lema A. Juan Esteban
Published: February 2022

Las experiencias que colman la vida de alegría, asícomo las tortuosas e insulsas son fenómenos queforman parte de nuestra cotidianidad, y el arte se nutre de ello: toma esa realidad individual y social, laproblematiza, y a través de los grandes relatos quesurgen de ese entramado, y con el apoyo de sus diferentes manifestaciones, engrandece sus vertientes odenuncia sus caminos pedregosos. Asimismo, permite un acercamiento a los recovecos de nuestra condición humana: nacimiento, amor y muerte. El cursode esta indagación tiene como propósito esbozar laposibilidad del arte para la desobediencia, para sopesar sobre nuestra realidad y sus devenires. En líneasgenerales, el presente texto está dividido en dos partes: en la primera, ‘Arte desobediente’ se presentanalgunos ejemplos de individuos que a través del artehallaron una poderosa voz para manifestarse. En lasegunda parte, considerando el eje central de la conversación ‘Arte desobediente’, se elabora una entrevista al docente, músico y físico Arley Flórez López.
Ideas peregrinas: una reflexión en torno a la práctica pedagógica del maestro Bernardo Piedrahita
Authors: Lema Ardila Juan Esteban
Published: February 2022

El presente texto posee como finalidad presentar una reflexión en torno a la praxis pedagógica del maestro Bernardo Piedrahita Naranjo. Seguidamente se expone una descripción de algunos métodos y técnicas de enseñanza empleados en su quehacer docente y de como éstas fortalecen el proceso de formación de los estudiantes de música de la Escuela Superior Tecnológica de Artes Débora Arango, no solo como artistas, sino también como seres humanos integrales.
Transcreación: flujos entre arte y educación
Authors: Medeiros Lucas d’Oliveira Auta Inês
Published: February 2022

Este trabajo busca acercar el concepto de transcreación con los propósitos de la investigación-creación a través de un abordaje sobre los procesos de formación de conocimientos que fluyen en espacios intersticiales entre lo sensible y lo inteligible, lo material y lo inmaterial, hasta llegar a las reflexiones sobre autoconocimiento y arte-educación. Utiliza referentes teóricos y acciones de experimentación-creación que permiten comprender cómo se transcrea el conocimiento en un diálogo con las artes. El texto resulta de la participación en el seminario de línea en Estudios culturales y lenguajes contemporáneos, titulado “Epistemología de las materialidades: un acercamiento a la performatividad de los objetos en la investigación”. A partir del trabajo que allí se realizó, compongo el concepto de transcreación para discutir la investigación, el arte y la educación en la misma corriente de flujos formativos que constantemente atraviesan el universo de las materialidades.
Analisis Prosedur Pemberian Kredit Usaha Rakyat Pada BRI Palangka Raya Unit Yos Sudarso
Authors: Widayanti Widayanti , Eko Riadi  , Alexandro Rinto , Dehen Erang  , Putri Windy Utami
Published: February 2022

People's Business Credit is one of the government programs that aims to help the Indonesian people who have small businesses to prosper the nation's economy which is carried out by certain banks, one of which is BRI. This study aims to analyze the procedures for granting public private loans as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors for distributing people's business loans at Bank BRI Palangka Raya Unit Yos Sudarso. In this study using qualitative analysis, qualitative analysis techniques are carried out by collecting, compiling and drawing conclusions about the procedure for granting People's Business Credit (KUR) at Bank BRI Palangka Raya unit Yos Sudarso. The techniques of data collection procedures in qualitative analysis are interviews, observation and documentation. Interviews were conducted with the Bank who understands the procedure for granting KUR and one of the customers of the BRI KUR Palangka Raya unit, Yos Sudarso. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it shows that the procedure for providing People's Business Credit (KUR) at Bank BRI Palangka Raya unit Yos Sudarso has been carried out quite well and in accordance with government regulations, namely the first stage of credit application, namely the process of collecting administrative data as the first requirement to apply KUR. The second stage is credit analysis, analyzing administrative files and making visits to prospective customers' places of business. The third stage is the credit decision, the head of the unit will provide the final result, namely the credit decision. The fourth stage is credit disbursement, which is filling out a credit agreement or credit agreement regarding the rights and obligations of the customer. The supporting factors for distributing people's business loans are data on business actors who received assistance from the president for MSMEs and data from the market office. The inhibiting factors for the distribution of people's business loans are business actors who do not and do not want to apply for loans and business actors who have businesses but have a bad loan history and some customers who apply for loans but do not own businesses.
PEMBERIAN JAHE TERHADAP PERBAIKAN KADAR PROFIL LIPID DAN RISIKO ATEROSKLEROSIS PADA DISLIPIDEMIA
Authors: Alif Ramadan Mohamad , Dewi Pramaningtyas Miranti
Published: February 2022

Dislipidemia merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya penyakit jantung coroner (PJK) yakni aterosklerosis. Menurut World Health Organization (WHO), angka kejadian dislipidemia tertinggi terjadi di Eropa dan dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya stroke iskemik. Jahe (Zingiber officinale) merupakan tanaman herbal yang memiliki beberapa kandungan untuk memperbaiki kadar profil lipid. Pemberian jahe dapat mempengaruhi kadar profil lipid dengan beberapa dosis dan jenis ekstrak jahe. Beberapa penelitian menyebutkan kadar flavonoid pada jahe dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol dengan meningkatkan sintesis asam empedu. Kandungan 6-gingerol pada jahe dapat menurunkan kadar Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lewat penurunan kadar C-reactive protein (CRP) dan prostaglandin (PGE2). Peningkatan kadar High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) dipengaruhi oleh kandungan niacin pada jahe. Trigliserida dapat menagalami penurunan kadar didalam serum dengan meningkatkan aktivasi enzim lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Efek antioksidan pada jahe dapat menghambat mekanisme oksidasi LDL-C dengan inhibisi enzim reactive-oxygen-generating sehingga dapat menurunkan risiko aterosklerosis. Studi literatur ini menyimpulkan jahe berperan dalam perubahan profil lipid dan penurunan risiko dislipidemia akibat aterosklerosis. Hal ini dapat menjadi rekomendasi untuk penelitian eksperimental
ANGIOPLASTY UNTUK STENOSIS ATEROSKLEROSIS INTRAKRANIAL
Authors: Tranggono Yudo Utomo
Published: February 2022

Stenosis Aterosklerosis Intrakranial (ICAS) adalah penyebab umum Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) dan stroke iskemik yang merupakan penyebab kematian nomor dua di dunia. Hingga 40 - 50%, tingkat  ICAS simptomatik secara signifikan lebih tinggi pada populasi Asia dan mungkin merupakan penyebab paling umum dari stroke di seluruh dunia. Indikasi untuk perawatan endovaskular merupakan tantangan dan pemilihan bahan serta teknik intervensi pada dasarnya berbeda dari pengobatan stenosis ekstrakranial. Prosedur konservatif (perubahan medis dan gaya hidup) dan terapi endovaskular serta pendekatan terapi endovaskular (angioplasti balon perkutan (PTA) atau angioplasti stent-assisted (PTAS)) tersedia untuk perawatan ICAS. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk menevaluasi peran angioplasty sebagai tatalaksana dari stenosis aterosklerosis intrakranial. Perawatan endovaskular, seperti balloon angioplasty dengan atau tanpa stenting, telah muncul sebagai pilihan terapeutik untuk stenosis intrakranial simtomatik. Ada banyak jenis teknik endovaskular yang tersedia untuk perawatan ICAS, termasuk balloon angioplasty, ballon – mounted stent (Pharos Vitesse), dan self – expandable stent (Wingspan), masing-masing memiliki fitur dan keunggulan spesifik yang berkaitan dengan lesi arteri intrakranial yang berbeda. Maka dari itu, terapi endovascular pada pasien ICAS dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai alternatif untuk mencegah TIA/stroke iskemik berulang. Tindakan endovaskular membutuhan pertimbangan yang komprehensif dan persiapan multidisiplin agar dapat memberikan pelayanan yang efektif untuk pasien.

Kata Kunci : Stenosis Aterosklerosis Intrakranial, Angioplasty, Aterosklerosis Intrakranial, Stenosis Intrakranial
Nano-immunotherapeutics: targeting approach as strategic regulation at tumor microenvironment for cancer treatment
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Yadav Monika , Niveria Karishma , Verma Anita Kamra
Published: February 2022

Cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, which necessitates our consideration related to novel treatment approach. Tumor cells at the tumor microenvironment (TME), regulate a plethora of key mechanistic signaling pathways that obstruct antitumor immune responses by immune suppression, immune resistance or acquired immune tolerance. The present therapeutic regimes are provided independently or in combination, or as immunotherapies for cancer immune targeting. Immunotherapy has altered the arena of oncology and patient care. By using the host immune system, the immunostimulatory molecules can exert a robust, personalized response against the patient’s own tumors. Alternatively, tumors may exploit these strategies to escape immune recognition, and accordingly, such mechanisms represent chances for immunotherapy intervention. Nonetheless, despite promising outcomes from immunotherapies in recurrent and metastatic cancers, immune-therapeutics in clinics has been limited owing to unpredictability in the produced immune response and reported instances of immune-related adverse effects. The unrealized potential of immunotherapies in cancer management maybe due to the obstacles such as heterogeneous nature, multiple targets, patients’ immune response, specificity for cancer or variability in response generation in toxicity levels, delivery and cost related to therapeutics etc. Further revolutionary trends related to immunotherapies are noticeable with slower progress for cancer management. Recent advances in nanomedicine strategize to ameliorate the lacuna of immunotherapy as it relies on the inherent biophysical characteristics of nanocarriers: size, shape, surface charge and multifunctionality and exploiting them as first line therapy for delivery of biomolecules, single checkpoint inhibitors and for imaging of TME. Therefore, nano-assisted immunotherapies can boost the immunotherapeutic approach, overcoming factors that are with imminent potential risks related to it, thereby significantly improving the survival rate associated with it in cancer patients. Nanotechnology is anticipated to overcome the confines of existing cancer immunotherapy and to successfully combine various cancer treatment modes.
Application Of Active Range Of Motion In Nursing Services And Care In Elderly With Stroke
Authors: Ayu Larasati  , Iksan Ricky Riyanto , Buntar Handayani
Published: February 2022

Stroke is a big problem for the elderly in low-income countries (developing countries) than in high-income countries (developed countries). The Range of Motion Active stroke intervention is one of the non-pharmacological therapy efforts, exercises that are carried out to maintain or improve the level of perfection and the ability to move joints normally and completely to increase muscle mass and muscle tone. This study aims to identify the effect of providing Active Range of Motion exercise therapy in nursing services and care for the elderly with stroke problems. This type of research is a case study design research, which is a form of research (inquiry) or case studies and interventions about a problem that has a specificity (particularity). The results showed that the provision of Active Range of Motion was scored with the Pretest and Posttest scores. There is a change in the value of muscle strength in elderly stroke after being given Active Range of Motion exercise from the value of the muscle strength scale 2 to 3, 3 to 4, and 4 to 5. with data on the characteristics of stroke patients, namely age, gender and activities such as rarely exercising and not exercising repeatedly, this shows that the more frequent Active Range of Motion exercises can affect the assessment of muscle strength in stroke patients.
Knowledge, Attitudes, Behavior And Risk Assessment Of People In Bulukumba Regency During The COVID 19 Pandemic
Authors: Safruddin  , Asri  , Siringoringo Edison
Published: February 2022

Latar Belakang: Penyakit Coronavirus (COVID-19 ) merupakan masalah Kesehatan serius di dunia pada akhir Tahun 2019. Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) menyatakan bahwa Penyakit COVID-19 dikategorikan sebagai pandemi global. Pemerintah Indonesia melakukan berbagai upaya untuk meningkatkan penanganan COVID-19, untuk mengendalikan transmisi COVID-19 dengan melakukan skrining massif, melakukan pembatasan sosial dan karantina diri. Tindakan  penanggulangan COVID-19 masih tetap berlanjut sampai saat ini, dibutuhkan kepatuhan masyarakat terhadap langkah-langkah upaya yang dilakukan, yang sebagian besar dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan masyarakat terhadap COVID-19.

Tujuan : Mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku dan penilaian risiko masyarakat  di Kabupaten Bulukumba selama Pandemi Covid 19.

Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode kuantitatif dengan jumlah sampel adalah masyarakat Di  Kabupaten Bulukumba sebanyak 725 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan  Cluster random sampling.

Hasil: Hasil analisa data univariat diperoleh sebagian masyarakat memiliki pengetahuan selama pandemi COVID-19  adalah berpengetahuan baik yaitu sejumlah 336 orang 46,3%), sebagian besar sikap masyarakat Selama Pandemic COVID-19 adalah sikap positif yaitu sejumlah  356 orang (49,1%), sebagian perilaku masyarakat Selama Pandemic COVID-19 adalah tindakan baik  yaitu sejumlah  304 orang (41.9%). Dan penilaian risiko sedang yaitu sejumlah 359 orang (49,5%)

Kesimpulan : Sebagian masyarakat di Kabupaten Bulukumba memiliki pengetahuan yang baik, sikap yang positif dan perilaku yang baik serta penilaian risiko sedang sebagai upaya  untuk mencegah terjadinya  penularan COVID-19
The Role Of The Family Affecting Patient Care Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ana Yulianih  , Ricky Riyanto Iksan  , Sri Atun Wahyuningsih
Published: February 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a serious chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Diabetes Mellitus is a disease that can increase the threat of health and death of each individual quickly and has great challenges to achieve success in management. This study aims to identify the role of the family in treating Diabetes Mellitus. This research method uses a case study design and consists of four respondents. Data collection was carried out in the Kelurahan Duri Kepa Health Center, Kebon Jeruk District, West Jakarta on 27-31 May 2021 with instruments in the form of interview guidelines, observation guidelines, notebooks, and tools to measure blood sugar levels in patients. The results showed that the application of the intervention of the family role in 4 respondents after being given education and family support the value of the family role was in the good category of 100%. The conclusion in this study the role of the family has shown positive results that can affect the care of patients with diabetes mellitus.
Relationship Between Mother's Knowledge Of Breast Milk Companion Food With Accuracy of Breastfeeding Companion Feeding
Authors: Ayu Andhira  , Tenriwati  , Haerati
Published: February 2022

Background: Breast milk companion food should be given after the baby is 6 months old because it can provide great benefits to the baby (Alam, 2010). Factors that play an important role to prevent improper feeding of breast milk are maternal knowledge factors and maternal work factors. Maternal behavior in this case plays an important role to prevent improper feeding of breast milk so that it will reduce the risk of the baby experiencing indigestion and can have stronger endurance. There are some mothers who provide breast milk companion food is not on time. Research objectives: To Find Out the Relationship Between Maternal Knowledge Levels About Breast Milk Companion Foods With Timeliness of Breastfeeding Companion Feeding in the Working Area of Puskesmas Caile Bulukumba Regency. Method: This type of research is quantitative research using a non-experimental design using the Cross-Sectional approach. A sample of 49 respondents was taken by the consecutive sampling method. The data analysis in this study used a chi-square test statistical test.  Results: Based on the results of univariate analysis, it is known that the mother's knowledge of MP-BREAST MILK feeding is at most sufficient and good categories as many as 44 people (67.7%). And the timeliness of giving MP-BREAST MILK is the most appropriate category as many as 38 people (58.5%). The results of the analysis using the chi-square test obtained a significant value of 0.001 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the level of maternal knowledge about breast milk companion food and the timeliness of breastfeeding companion feeding in the working area of the public health caile bulukumba district. And it is recommended for hospital institutions are expected to consider applying as a nursing relationship between the level of maternal knowledge about breast milk companion food with the timeliness of breastfeeding companion feeding
The use of flat rafting units during the Initia Timber rafting
Authors:   Branch of AO “EFKO Management Company”, Vasiliev Vladimir V. , Afonichev Dmitry N. ,   Voronezh State Agrarian University named after Emperor Peter the Great
Published: February 2022

The prohibition of drift floating used in the initial timber rafting led to an increase in the cost of supplying timber to consumers. Nowadays, the technology for rafting operations on small and medium-sized rivers is developing in two directions. The first is the use of bunches (micro-bundles) in initial timber rafting which, after rafting along the rivers with limiting rafting dimensions, are joined together to form, for example, a two-tiered bunch of rafting units. The second is the use of flat rafting units in initial timber rafting. In order to implement modern flat rafting units in initial timber rafting, an in-depth substantiation of the economic advantages of these rafting units compared to micro-bundles is required. The article proposes to carry out the assessment by using an inequality. At one end the inequality expresses the costs for rafting of flat rafting units with their subsequent joining into larger timber transportation units, drift floating of flat rafting units, forming rafts from them, towing these rafts, purchasing machines and equipment to organize rafting, and expenses for hauling the timber, which remain from the wood harvested during the year due to the close of navigation and limitation of rafting volume by insufficient carrying capacity, by overland transport. At the other end the inequality expresses similar parameters for micro-bundle rafting. Analytical dependencies setting up the above-mentioned parameters are found. The costs for timber hauling by overland transport considered in the method indicate that due to inefficient use of the carrying capacity of the rafting stroke the volume of timber rafting on a given section of the rafting route decreases. Consequently, there is a need to deliver the remaining timber to floating depots by land transport. The implementation of flat rafting units in initial timber rafting should provide higher carrying capacity of a rafting route compared to micro-bundles by reducing the draft and hence the volume of timber delivered to the floating depots by expensive overland transport. For citation: Vasiliev V.V., Afonichev D.N. The Use of Flat Rafting Units during the Initial Timber Rafting. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2022, no. 1, pp. 128–142. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2022-1-128-142
Justification of Ballast Tank Parameters of a Mоbile Berth for Timber Transshipment
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Posypanov Sergey V. , Chuprakov Vyacheslav O.
Published: February 2022

The use of a mobile small-sized berth, the design of which was proposed by the authors in the previous paper, significantly increases capacity and reduces the cost of timber transshipment. When towing the berth over large distances, its ballast tanks are empty, which ensures that draft and water resistance to movement are minimized. At the point of operation the leveling ballast tank is filled with water until the top surface of the berth is leveled. In this position, the berth is moved locally in case of significant changes of the water level in the reservoir. Due to manufacturability and minimization of the volume of the leveling tank, it is designed as a part of the inner space at the berth stern, separated by a vertical wall. The permutation ballast tank is filled with water to submerge the berth until it leans on the leveled coastal slope. Water is pumped out of the tank to make the berth float during its local permutations. In this case, a significant trim should not be allowed. The lower point of the longitudinal section of the permutation tank was provided at the intersection of the berth bottom and the vertical, which bisects the waterline upon completion of the alignment. Algorithms have been developed for determining the position of the vertical wall of the leveling tank and the position and shape of the walls of the permutation tank. The distance of the vertical wall from the lower point of the berth and the coordinates of the points of the profiles of the left curved and right walls of the permutation tank were determined for a conditional berth of unit height and width. The coordinates were used to derive empirical dependencies. The values of the calculated metacentric heights verified the longitudinal and transverse stability of the berth in all positions. Experimental validation on a physical model of the berth confirmed the correctness of the results. Transition to the correct dimensions of the longitudinal profile from the conditional is assumed with the proportions retained. For citation: Posypanov S.V., Chuprakov V.O. Justification of Ballast Tank Parameters of a Mobile Berth for Timber Transshipment. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2022, no. 1, pp. 143–154. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2022-1-143-154
Lumber Convective Drying Based on Controlled Moisture Transfer
Authors:   Ural State Forest Engineering University, Gorokhovsky Alexandr G. , Shishkina Elena E. , Agafonov Artem S.
Published: February 2022

Wood drying (in particular lumber drying), which almost entirely determines the quality of the wooden products, is one of the most complicated and energy-consuming processes in wood processing. Convective drying of lumber, in all its varieties, remains the most common by far. Computer modeling of wood drying processes is usually based on solving systems of differential heat and mass transfer equations. The methods for solving such systems, both analytical and numerical, are well researched and developed. However, the most important methodological issue is the correct formulation of the boundary conditions that determine the process of interrelated heat and mass transfer at the interface (wood – moist air). The convective drying has traditionally used the boundary conditions of type III by Academician A.V. Lykov, which are characterized by a sufficiently close correspondence between the mass flows moving from the wood depth and at the interface. This correspondence is described by the value of the so-called Bio mass transfer criterion. A computational experiment was carried out to verify these assumptions. It enabled to determine the possible controllability of the moisture removal during low-temperature convective drying of conventional lumber using modes of three-step and stepless structure. Besides this, the influence of the moisture removal on the dynamics of the internal stresses in wood was also studied. The results have shown that the stepless drying modes, on the one hand, offer a significant improvement in drying quality with practically no loss of drying capacity, and on the other hand, have better controllability. The results of the previously conducted and mentioned studies made it possible to propose general principles and then to patent a system for automatic control of moisture transfer during wood drying, which is fundamentally different from the previously known wood drying control systems. The system controls the drying process by adjusting the ratio of external to internal moisture transfer, rather than the value of the media parameters in the chamber. The moisture transfer control system for convective drying of lumber is of limited control: it cannot fully stabilize the values of the Bio mass transfer criterion. However, its use maintains a certain balance between internal and external moisture transfer, ensures the required drying quality and almost completely eliminates the occurrence of defects. For citation: Gorokhovsky A.G., Shishkina E.E., Agafonov A.S. Lumber Convective Drying Based on Controlled Moisture Transfer. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2022, no. 1, pp. 166–172. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2022-1-166-172
Optimization of Tall Oil Pitch Saponification by Experimental Design
Authors:   Research Institute for Chemistry, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Korshunov Alexey O. , Lavrenteva Elizaveta A. ,   Research Institute for Chemistry, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod; ORGKHIM Biochemical Holding Management Company, Lazarev Mikhail A. , Radbil’ Arkadiy B.
Published: February 2022

Sustainable recycling of wood chemical production wastes is one of the current issues of modern technology. As a by-product of the pulp and paper industry, tall oil pitch has found application as a potential source of phytosterols. Phytosterols or plant sterols are natural compounds, polycyclic alcohols structurally similar to steroids. Due to their biological activity, phytosterols are used in such areas as pharmaceutics and cosmetology, as functional products, etc., which makes them commercially attractive. This paper considers the stage of saponification of tall oil pitch, which yields free phytosterols from their esters with fatty and resin acids. A central composite design complemented by six star points was chosen to determine the combined effect of the three factors and to plan the minimum number of experiments; the response surface methodology was used to determine the optimal values of the variables. Regression models showing the impact of the basic technological factors (excess alkali, temperature and duration of saponification) on the degree of saponification of phytosterols in saponified tall oil pitch and esters in the obtained extract were developed based on the experimental data. A statistical analysis of the models was carried out. Their validity has been proved by means of analysis of variance. The experimental and predicted values closely correlated. The developed mathematical models in the regression polynomial form enable to find the optimal values of the input process variables using the Minitab software while simultaneously reaching the maximum degree of saponification (98,1 %) with the minimum value of the ether number in the extract (4 mg KOH/g): saponification temperature – 121.7 °C, process duration – 3.18 h, and excess alkali – 100 %. Thus, reliable models for predicting the degree of saponification of phytosterols and the ester number in the extract were obtained. These models can be used in industrial saponification of tall oil pitch. For citation: Korshunov A.O., Lavrenteva E.A., Lazarev M.A., Radbil’ A.B. Optimization of Tall Oil Pitch Saponification by Experimental Design. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2022, no. 1, pp. 173–187. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2022-1-173-187
Integrated Assessment of Raw Material Resources of Birch Forests
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State Forest Technical University named after S.M. Kirov, Gryazkin Anatoly V. , Trung Thanh Tran , Van Hung Vu , Prokof Andrey N. , Hoang Minh An
Published: February 2022

The research is aimed at a comprehensive assessment of the forest site resources deposited in a birch blueberry forest. The relevance of the work is based on the increasing interest of countries and regions in the diversity of forest ecosystem resources. A material and financial assessment of the major types of resources of the forest site with a birch stand is given for the first time. The stand composition is as follows: birch, 65 %; spruce, 21 %; aspen, 8 %; alder, 3%; elm, 2 %; and maple, 1 %. The stand is described by the following parameters: the relative density – 0.6; the quality class – II; and the growing stock – 344 m3/ha. Food and medicinal resources, wood and forest chemical raw materials, honey plants and birch sap, and household products were taken into account in the comprehensive assessment. The composition and reserves of the forest site reserves were assessed on the 10 m2 circular survey plots in accordance with the patent no. RU 2084129 C1 “Seedling Growth Registering Method”. The commercial species reserves of edible, technical and medicinal plants were estimated using the mowing method; berries – by a single collection during the ripening period. The sap production of the birch forests was determined empirically, based on the stand parameters. The prices for all types of resources were used as of 2019. It is shown that the cost of timber on the forest site is about 15 % (200,840 rub/ha) of the total cost of the other recorded types of resources, i.e. totally 2,643 rub/ha in terms of one year. The stock is dominated by firewood – over 36 %; the share of industrial wood is 34 %. The sap productivity of the birch forest is more than 12 ths L/ha per season. With an average birch sap cost of 20 rub/L, the income from the sale of seasonal sap volume per 1 ha can be more than 257 ths rub. By-products account for the largest share of revenue, ranging from 70 to 85 % depending on the season of the year. The share of edible and medicinal plants is about 10 %. The total income from the sale of the recorded types of resources of this forest site is estimated to be 1.2 mln rub/ha. The most important feature of this kind of resources is their ability to regenerate themselves without human participation. The main types of resources in the birch forest can be used annually during the entire period of reforestation. The obtained results can be used when drafting an agreement on the lease and a project for the development of a forest site where integrated utilization of forest resources or their individual types is assumed. For citation: Gryazkin A.V., Tran Trung Thanh, Vu Van Hung, Prokof’yev A.N., Hoang Minh An. Integrated Assessment of Raw Material Resources of Birch Forests. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2022, no. 1, pp. 23–35. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2022-1-23-35
Characteristics of Wood Substance Formation during Growing of Scots Pine Seedlings Using Chemical Markers
Authors:   N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gusakova Maria A. , Bogolitsyn Konstantin G. , Krasikova Anna A. , Selivanova Natalia V. , Khviyuzov Sergey S. , Samsonova Nina A.
Published: February 2022

Currently, seedlings of the main silvicultural species are grown in greenhouses by the technology of ball-rooted planting material production. The process features raise the issue of the resulting planting material sustainability in relation to environmental conditions. Seedling growth and development in multi-rotation growing schemes will be influenced by both greenhouse and hardening site conditions. This makes assessing the planting material readiness for transfer to the open ground an urgent scientific task. Secondary metabolites (end products of biosynthesis) are one of the most suitable indicators for such an assessment from a chemical point of view. This study aims to explore chemical markers of wood substance formation as a criterion for completion of the annual development cycle of seedlings (at summer sowing dates) and their readiness for planting in the open ground. Scots pine is a good model object for the research, since it is a typical representative of coniferous forests, has an extensive range of growth as well as a high adaptive potential. Pine seedlings are usually highly sensitive to environmental conditions in the early stages of development. Physicochemical methods were used for the analysis of the biosynthesis processes of the main wood substance components. The seasonal dynamics of phenolic compounds content in different parts of annual Scots pine seedlings showed that the plants adapt to the temperature changes when they are brought to the hardening site. The adaptation includes a decrease in the content of low-molecular phenolic compounds preventing the development of uncontrolled oxidative processes when plant is exposed to adverse and stressful environmental conditions. It was found that the changes in the content of coniferyl alcohol as a precursor of lignin structures of coniferous wood can serve as a marker of lignification in the studied vegetation process. The content of phenolic compounds (at least 120–140 mg/g of TOC) and the peroxidase activity in needles (0.1–0.3 units of activity) may serve as criteriа for the completion of the annual cycle of seedling formation and the degree of its readiness for planting in the natural environment. For citation: Gusakova M.A., Bogolitsyn K.G., Krasikova A.A., Selivanova N.V., Khviyuzov S.S., Samsonova N.A. Characteristics of Wood Substance Formation during Growing of Scots Pine Seedlings Using Chemical Markers. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2022, no. 1, pp. 36–48. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2022-1-36-48
Winter Hardiness of Conifers in the Northern Forest Steppe Conditions of the South of the Tyumen Region
Authors:   Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University, Lyasheva Lyudmila V. , Lyashev Aleksandr A. , Steinberg Yuliya S. ,   Landscape Workshop “Yucca Park”
Published: February 2022

We have studied 4 species of the genus fir, 3 species of the genus spruce (including (hereinafter) 14 varieties of Norway spruce and 12 varieties of blue spruce), 2 species of the genus larch (3 varieties of Western European larch), 7 species of the genus pine (7 varieties of mountain pine and 12 varieties of northern white cedar), 6 species of the genus juniper (3 varieties of common juniper, 5 varieties of savin juniper, a variety of Rocky Mountain juniper, 3 varieties of flaky juniper, 2 varieties of Virginian juniper and 3 varieties of Juniperus pfitzeriana) and a species of Siberian carpet cypress. All the studied plants were divided into three groups: highly promising, less promising and unpromising for this region. Most plants from the first group have large habitats indicating a wide range of their ecological potential. It has been found that the use of plants from the second group requires a careful selection of suitable locations and great attention to care measures. Plants from the third group are unpromising. It is impractical to use them actively in landscaping. The analysis also resulted in the development of a method for selecting coniferous plants for landscaping in the northern forest steppe of the south of the Tyumen region, based on their size parameters, species, varieties and needle colour. There are also 4 groups based on height: procumbent, scrubby, medium-grown, and tall-grown. Each group is divided into 3 subgroups based on the color of the needles: green, yellowish and caesious. The size of the plant has to be taken into account when creating ornamental plantations. Thus, fastgrowing varieties are useful for short-term decorative effects or in places where wind or noise protection is required fairly quickly. Medium-grown species are suitable for landscaping any territories and, with the use of restrictive pruning, even for small gardens or topiary art. Scrubby plants are suitable for landscaping small gardens, rockeries, small compositions. Depending on their growth rate, groundcover plants can be used as a lawn replacement, to stabilize slopes and create a carpet effect. For citation: Lyasheva L.V., Lyashev A.A., Steinberg Yu.S. Winter Hardiness of Conifers in the Northern Forest Steppe Conditions of the South of the Tyumen Region. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2022, no. 1, pp. 49–61. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2022-1-49-61
Sucrose in the Tissues of annual Shoots of Introduced Woody Plants
Authors:   Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Andronova Marina M. , Platonov Andrey V. ,   Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2022

Expanding the species diversity of urban plantations in the North requires taking into account the physiological characteristics of introduced species. The paper analyzes the winter hardiness and dynamics of sucrose content in tissues of annual shoots of plants growing in towns of the Vologda region, considering their natural habitats. The authors show that the sucrose content in the studied species undergoes seasonal fluctuations and also varies significantly depending on the geographical origin of the species. Most of the studied trees are characterized by a fairly high level of winter hardiness, which occurs against the background of moderate fluctuations in sucrose content throughout the year. Shrubs, compared to trees, are characterized by higher content of sucrose and its significant fluctuations during the growing season. The minimum content of sucrose is observed from April till June in most of the studied plants; during the autumn months its content increases; and then from November to spring there is a decrease. Species that showed a high level of winter hardiness: European spindle (Euonymus europaeus L.), white dogwood (Cornus alba L.), hedge cotoneaster (Cotoneaster lucidus Schltdl.), and Amur maple (Acer ginnala Maxim.). They accumulate sucrose by October and then smoothly consume it during the autumn-winterspring period. Introduced shrubs with low winter hardiness are the following: Atlantic ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim.), Spiraea salicifolia (Spiraea salicifolia L.), and common snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S.F. Blake). They accumulate maximum sucrose by October–November and then rapidly consume it during the winter months. English dogwood (Philadelphus coronarius L.) is known for freezing the shoots to the level of snow, which may be due to the almost complete consumption of sucrose by January. The article provides options for strategies of sugars accumulation and consumption by plants belonging to different floristic areas. For citation: Andronova M.M., Platonov A.V. Sucrose in the Tissues of Annual Shoots of Introduced Woody Plants. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2022, no. 1, pp. 62–76. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2022-1-62-76
Prospects for Woody and Shrubby Plants in the Landscaping of Krasnodar
Authors:   Kuban State University, Primakov Nikolay V. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin
Published: February 2022

Nowadays, about half of the world’s population lives in cities. Green spaces, as well as the condition of landscaping facilities and the quality of woody and shrubby plants play an important role in creating a comfortable environment and improving the ecological conditions for people living in the city. The research purpose is to assess the current state of landscaping objects, the quality of woody and shrubby plants and the resistance of tree species to anthropogenic loads using Krasnodar as a case study. The following parks and squares became the research objects: Solnechny Ostrov (“Sunny Island”) Park, Park named after Maxim Gorky, Kuban Stadium Park, Chistyakovskaya Grove, Botanical Garden of Professor I.S. Kosenko, Marshal Zhukov’s Park, Druzhba Narodov Square, Mayskiy Square, Square named after L.G. Gatov, Vishnyakovsky Square, Square named after Ivan Kochubey, Festivalny Square, and Novorozhdestvenskiy Square. The research was carried out in 2016–2019. During the research, 27 options of studies were described, 2634 trees and shrubs, their 50 species and forms related to 2 groups, 21 families and 30 genera were studied. The plantations that occupy large areas of the landscaping sites were sampled for study. An assessment of the state of woody species in Krasnodar was carried out. The results are compared with those obtained by other authors. Among the studied species, 16 woody species meet the recommendations of Dyuval’-Stroyev M.R. and 27 do not meet them; no data is available for 7 species. Having analyzed the main characteristics of native and invasive woody and shrubby species used in landscaping of Krasnodar, we come to the conclusion that the main part of introduced species belongs to the strongly weakened category, while the native species are in the weakened category. At present, the conditions for tree growth in Krasnodar have changed: anthropogenic load has increased. In this regard, there is a need for further inventory of tree species and assessment of woody and shrubby plants to create a complete database of trees and shrubs that are most resistant to the current urban conditions. For citation: Primakov N.V. Prospects for Woody and Shrubby Plants in the Landscaping of Krasnodar. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2022, no. 1, pp. 98–109. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2022-1-98-109
POSITIVE IMPACT OF INTEGRATIVE EDUCATION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN "STATE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY AND PRESCHOOL CHILDREN"
Authors:   Master Student, Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Teshabayeva Saodat E.
Published: February 2022

This article contains the theoretical basis for the implementation of integrative education in the activities of preschool education organizations of the Republic of Uzbekistan, based on the normative and legal acts of preschool education and modern requirements. The article contains analytical materials on the role of innovative pedagogical technologies, in particular, integrative education in improving the quality of the educational process and its components.
Book review
Authors: Kalsbeek F.
Published: February 2022

The Nature of the Lower Continental Crust. Pa-pers read at a Joint Meeting of the Metamorphic Studies Group of the Geological Society and the Mineralogicai Society, the Joint Association for Geophysics and the 3rd Alfred Wegener Con-ference at Burlington House, London, 24-26 Oc-tober, 1984. Edited by J. B. Dawson, D. A. Cars-well, J. Hall and K. H. Wedepohl. Published by Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, for the Geological Society. Geological Society Special Publication No 24, VIII + 394 pp., £47.50.
Miocarditis por Sars-Cov-2, en paciente con hisopado nasofaríngeo negativo. Primer caso descrito en Costa Rica
Authors: Sanabria-Garita José Alejandro , Bolaños Gómez Carlos Eduardo , Vega-Chaves Juan Carlos , Fuentes-Molina Edgar , Vallecillo-Torres Alejandro
Published: February 2022

La miocarditis asociada a la enfermedad por SARS-CoV-2, es conocida y se han notificado varios casos a nivel mundial. Se cree que la fisiopatología de la miocarditis relacionada con COVID-19 es una combinación del daño viral directo al miocardio y daño cardíaco debido a la respuesta inmune del huésped. Los hallazgos clínicos incluyen cambios en el electrocardiograma, alteración de los biomarcadores cardiacos y deterioro de la función cardiaca. Dentro del trabajo diagnóstico se debe descartar la enfermedad arterial coronaria, y hacer uso de técnicas de imagen cardiaca como la resonancia magnética cardiaca, los cuales permiten identificar los criterios de Lake Louis, característicos de la miocarditis.
Ultrasonido como guía para la colocación de marcapasos temporal: a propósito de dos casos
Authors: Pérez Cateriano Víctor Pérez , Pasco-Ulloa Jamille Charlot , Chumacero-Ortiz Jenner Erwin
Published: February 2022

Los pacientes con bradicardia sintomática o con repercusión hemodinámica tienen frecuentemente indicación de colocación de marcapasos transvenoso temporal. Su colocación puede hacerse a ciegas o con guía electrocardiográfica, pero es mejor hacerlo con guía de imagen como la fluoroscopia (lo usual) con la que podemos ver su recorrido extra e intracardiaco o con guía ecográfica que nos permite visualizar el recorrido intracardiaco del cable, el cual tiene además la ventaja que está cada vez más accesible y evita someter al paciente a radiación, además de descartar la presencia de una de las complicaciones más graves como es el hemopericardio.
Disección atrial izquierda: Características ecocardiográficas y el aporte de la multimodalidad
Authors: Guevara Castilla Gabriela Ysabel , Murillo-Pérez Luis
Published: February 2022

La disección atrial es una entidad rara que ocurre generalmente como complicación de una cirugía de la válvula mitral. La ecocardiografía transesofágica constituye la herramienta diagnóstica más importante, sin embargo, actualmente contamos con diferentes técnicas de imagen cardiaca que contribuyen en el diagnóstico. Este es un reporte de caso de disección atrial izquierda como complicación de una cirugía de la válvula mitral en un paciente de 47 años de edad, quien fue intervenido quirúrgicamente por una endocarditis infecciosa. En este caso evaluamos el papel de dos técnicas de imagen cardiaca, la ecocardiografía transesofágica y la tomografía cardiaca.