bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Related Factors of Suicidal Ideation among North Korean Refugee Youth in South Korea
Authors: Park Subin , Rim Soo Jung , Jun Jin Yong
Published: August 2018

This study investigated the factors associated with suicidal ideation among 174 North Korean refugees (aged 13–27 years) residing in South Korea. Specifically, we compared sociodemographic, familial, social, and psychological characteristics between participants with and without suicidal ideation. Twenty-nine refugees (16.7%) had exhibited suicidal ideation in the past 12 months. These refugees had significantly lower levels of familial cohesion (U = 1459.0; p < 0.001), self-esteem (U = 1032.0; p < 0.001), and resilience (U = 1190.0; p < 0.001), as well as higher levels of expressional suppression (U = 1202.5; p < 0.001) and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (U = 1303.0; p = 0.001), (with Cohen’s d > 0.5), compared to those without suicidal ideation. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the level of emotional suppression and familial cohesion were significantly associated with suicidal ideation, after controlling for the other variables. Familial and individual interventions, particularly those focused on encouraging emotional expression and familial cohesion, will be useful for North Korean refugee youth, who have a high risk of suicide.
Use of MALDI-TOF MS to Discriminate between Biofilm-Producer and Non-Producer Strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Caputo Pina , Di Martino Maria Chiara , Perfetto Brunella , Iovino Francesco , Donnarumma Giovanna
Published: August 2018

For the management of Staphylococci coagulase-negative infection, often related to biofilm formation, rapid and accurate identification is necessary in choosing a correct antibiotic therapy. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) is becoming increasingly important for bacterial identification over traditional methods. Our aim was to validate the use of MALDI to discriminate Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm-producing strains. Clinical strains coming from suture wires were identified and their protein profiles were compared to that obtained from two ATCC reference strains (biofilm producer and non-producer). MALDI identified the eighteen isolates as S. epidermidis, combining sixteen profiles with the biofilm producer and two with the non-producer, confirming the results of crystal violet assay. Our data highlight that MALDI can be considered a good tool to discriminate between biofilm-producer and non-producer strains of S. epidermidis, thus helping to establish an effective antibiotic therapy.
Bias Adjustment Techniques Are Underutilized in HIV Sexual Risk Estimation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tran Nguyen , Goldstein Neal , Welles Seth
Published: August 2018

Background: Valid measurement of determinants of HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) is critical for intervention planning and resource allocation. However, sexual minority research concerning HIV risk often relies on proxy exposures of sexual behaviors such as sexual orientation and partner gender. Inferring high risk sexual behaviors (i.e., condomless anal intercourse) from these proxies inaccurately captures HIV risk, but few studies have attempted to correct for this bias. Methods: We performed a systematic review of methodological practices for estimating risk of HIV infection among MSM. Results: We identified 32 studies in which high risk sexual behavior was assessed: 82% (n = 26) measured and used sexual risk behaviors (e.g., condomless anal intercourse or sexual positioning) to assess risk of HIV infection; 9% (n = 3) used proxy measures; and 9% (n = 3) used both behavior and proxy variables. Various treatments of misclassification reported by investigators included the following: 82% (n = 26) discussed misclassification of sexual behavior as a potential limitation; however, among these studies, no attempts were made to correct misclassification; 12% (n = 4) did not report exposure misclassification, and 6% (n = 2) explicitly considered this information bias and conducted a Bayesian approach to correct for misclassification. Conclusions: Our systematic review indicates that a majority of studies engaging in collecting primary data have taken additional steps to acquire detailed information regarding sexual risk behaviors. However, reliance on population-based surveys may still lead to potentially biased estimates. Thus, bias analytic techniques are potential tools to control for any suspected biases.
Comorbidity of Physical and Anxiety Symptoms in Adolescent: Functional Impairment, Self-Rated Health and Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Balázs Judit , Miklósi Mónika , Keresztény Agnes , Hoven Christina W. , Carli Vladimir , Wasserman Camilla , Hadlaczky Gergö , Apter Alan , Bobes Julio , Brunner Romuald , Corcoran Paul , Cosman Doina , Haring Christian , Kahn Jean-Pierre , Postuvan Vita , Kaess Michael , Varnik Airi , Sarchiapone Marco , Wasserman Danuta
Published: August 2018

Physical disorders and anxiety are frequently comorbid. This study investigates the characteristics of physical disorders, self-rated heath, subjective well-being and anxiety in adolescents. Data were drawn from the Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe cohort study. From 11 countries 11,230 adolescents, aged 14–16 years were included. Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), WHO-5 Well-Being Index and five questions prepared for this study to evaluate physical illnesses and self-rated heath were administered. Anxiety levels were significantly higher in adolescents who reported having physical disability (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.40), suffering from chronic illnesses (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.40), impairments associated to health conditions (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.61), or reported poor to very poor self-rated health (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.11). Mediational analyses revealed no direct effect of having a chronic illness/physical disability on subjective well-being, but the indirect effects through higher levels of anxiety were significant. Functional impairment related to health conditions was both directly and indirectly (through higher levels of anxiety) associated with lower well-being. The co-occurrence of anxiety and physical disorders may confer a greater level of disability and lower levels of subjective well-being. Clinicians have to screen anxiety, even in a subthreshold level in patients with choric physical illness or with medically unexplained physical symptoms.
Comparison of Communication Viewsheds Derived from High-Resolution Digital Surface Models Using Line-of-Sight, 2D Fresnel Zone, and 3D Fresnel Zone Analysis
Authors: Baek Jieun , Choi Yosoon
Published: August 2018

We compared three methods for deriving communication viewsheds, which indicate the coverage areas for transmitter points from high-resolution digital surface models. Communication viewsheds were analyzed with a novel 3D Fresnel zone method, as well as line-of-sight (LOS) analysis and 2D Fresnel zone analysis, using high-resolution digital surface models (DSM) from a topographical survey. A LOS analysis calculates a visibility index by comparing the profile elevations of landforms between the transmitter and the receiver, using LOS elevations. A 2D Fresnel zone analysis calculates a 2D Fresnel index by comparing the profile elevations of landforms with the transverse plane elevations of the Fresnel zone. A 3D Fresnel zone analysis quantitatively analyzes communication stability by calculating a 3D Fresnel index, obtained by comparing the elevations of every terrain cell in a Fresnel zone with the total altitude of the Fresnel zone. The latter produced the most accurate results. Indexes derived by applying different transmitter offset heights, signal frequencies, and DSM resolutions for each of the three methods were then quantitatively analyzed. As both the offset height of the transmitter and the signal frequency decreased, the differences between the results derived from each method increased significantly. Moreover, larger DSM cells generated less accurate results.
Pin1 Modulation in Physiological Status and Neurodegeneration. Any Contribution to the Pathogenesis of Type 3 Diabetes?
Authors: Bianchi Marzia , Manco Melania
Published: August 2018

Prolyl isomerases (Peptidylprolyl isomerase, PPIases) are enzymes that catalyze the isomerization between the cis/trans Pro conformations. Three subclasses belong to the class: FKBP (FK506 binding protein family), Cyclophilin and Parvulin family (Pin1 and Par14). Among Prolyl isomerases, Pin1 presents as distinctive feature, the ability of binding to the motif pSer/pThr-Pro that is phosphorylated by kinases. Modulation of Pin1 is implicated in cellular processes such as mitosis, differentiation and metabolism: The enzyme is dysregulated in many diverse pathological conditions, i.e., cancer progression, neurodegenerative (i.e., Alzheimer’s diseases, AD) and metabolic disorders (i.e., type 2 diabetes, T2D). Indeed, Pin1 KO mice develop a complex phenotype of premature aging, cognitive impairment in elderly mice and neuronal degeneration resembling that of the AD in humans. In addition, since the molecule modulates glucose homeostasis in the brain and peripherally, Pin1 KO mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, peripheral glucose intolerance and diabetic vascular dysfunction. In this review, we revise first critically the role of Pin1 in neuronal development and differentiation and then focus on the in vivo studies that demonstrate its pivotal role in neurodegenerative processes and glucose homeostasis. We discuss evidence that enables us to speculate about the role of Pin1 as molecular link in the pathogenesis of type 3 diabetes i.e., the clinical association of dementia/AD and T2D.
Trans-Ferulic Acid-4-β-Glucoside Alleviates Cold-Induced Oxidative Stress and Promotes Cold Tolerance
Authors: Xue Chong , Lu Huanyu , Liu Ying , Zhang Jianbin , Wang Jiye , Luo Wenjing , Zhang Wenbin , Chen Jingyuan
Published: August 2018

Trans-ferulic acid-4-β-glucoside (C16H20O9, TFA-4β-G) is a monomer extracted from the Chinese medicine called radix aconiti carmichaeli (Fuzi). To date, research on this substance is lacking. Here, we found that trans-ferulic acid-4-β-glucoside effectively promoted cold acclimatization in mice via increased heat production and alleviation of oxidative stress in a cold environment. Thus, our work indicates that ferulic acid-4-β-glucoside is a potential therapeutic candidate for prevention and treatment of cold stress injury.
Sonic Hedgehog Medulloblastoma Cancer Stem Cells Mirnome and Transcriptome Highlight Novel Functional Networks
Authors: Po Agnese , Abballe Luana , Sabato Claudia , Gianno Francesca , Chiacchiarini Martina , Catanzaro Giuseppina , De Smaele Enrico , Giangaspero Felice , Ferretti Elisabetta , Miele Evelina , Besharat Zein Mersini
Published: August 2018

Molecular classification has improved the knowledge of medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant brain tumour in children, however current treatments cause severe side effects in patients. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been described in MB and represent a sub population characterised by self-renewal and the ability to generate tumour cells, thus representing the reservoir of the tumour. To investigate molecular pathways that characterise this sub population, we isolated CSCs from Sonic Hedgehog Medulloblastoma (SHH MB) arisen in Patched 1 (Ptch1) heterozygous mice, and performed miRNA- and mRNA-sequencing. Comparison of the miRNA-sequencing of SHH MB CSCs with that obtained from cerebellar Neural Stem Cells (NSCs), allowed us to obtain a SHH MB CSC miRNA differential signature. Pathway enrichment analysis in SHH MB CSCs mirnome and transcriptome was performed and revealed a series of enriched pathways. We focused on the putative targets of the SHH MB CSC miRNAs that were involved in the enriched pathways of interest, namely pathways in cancer, PI3k-Akt pathway and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathway. In silico analysis was performed in SHH MB patients and identified several genes, whose expression was associated with worse overall survival of SHH MB patients. This study provides novel candidates whose functional role should be further investigated in SHH MB.
Novel Insights into Concepts and Directionality of Maternal–Fetal Cholesterol Transfer across the Human Placenta
Authors: Kallol Sampada , Huang Xiao , Müller Stefan , Ontsouka Corneille Edgar , Albrecht Christiane
Published: August 2018

Cholesterol is indispensable for cellular membrane composition and function. It is also a precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones, which promote, among others, the maturation of fetal organs. A role of the ATP-binding-cassette-transporter-A1 (ABCA1) in the transport of maternal cholesterol to the fetus was suggested by transferring cholesterol to apolipoprotein-A-1 (apo-A1), but the directionality of the apoA-1/ABCA1-dependent cholesterol transport remains unclear. We isolated primary trophoblasts from term placentae to test the hypotheses that (1) apoA-1/ABCA1 dispatches cholesterol mainly towards the fetus to support fetal developmental maturation at term, and (2) differentiated syncytiotrophoblasts (STB) exert higher cholesterol transport activity than undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts (CTB). As experimental models, we used (1) trophoblast monolayers grown on Transwell® system consisting of apical (maternal-like) and basal (fetal-like) compartments, and (2) trophoblasts grown on conventional culture plates at CTB and STB stages. Surprisingly, apoA-1-mediated cholesterol efflux operated almost exclusively at the apical-maternal side, where ABCA1 was also localized by immunofluorescence. We found greater cholesterol efflux capacity in STB, which was increased by liver-X-receptor agonist treatment and decreased by ABCA1 inhibition. We conclude that at term the apoA-1/ABCA1 pathway is rather involved in cholesterol transport to the mother than in transfer to the fully developed fetus.
Large-Scale Functional Analysis of CRP-Mediated Feed-Forward Loops
Authors: Yang Chi-Dung , Huang Hsi-Yuan , Shrestha Sirjana , Chen Yen-Hua , Huang Hsien-Da , Tseng Ching-Ping
Published: August 2018

Feed-forward loops (FFLs) represent an important and basic network motif to understand specific biological functions. Cyclic-AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (CRP), a transcription factor (TF), mediates catabolite repression and regulates more than 400 genes in response to changes in intracellular concentrations of cAMP in Escherichia coli. CRP participates in some FFLs, such as araBAD and araFGH operons and adapts to fluctuating environmental nutrients, thereby enhancing the survivability of E. coli. Although computational simulations have been conducted to explore the potential functionality of FFLs, a comprehensive study on the functions of all structural types on the basis of in vivo data is lacking. Moreover, the regulatory role of CRP-mediated FFLs (CRP-FFLs) remains obscure. We identified 393 CRP-FFLs in E. coli using EcoCyc and RegulonDB. Dose–response genomic microarray of E. coli revealed dynamic gene expression of each target gene of CRP-FFLs in response to a range of cAMP dosages. All eight types of FFLs were present in CRP regulon with various expression patterns of each CRP-FFL, which were further divided into five functional groups. The microarray and reported regulatory relationships identified 202 CRP-FFLs that were directly regulated by CRP in these eight types of FFLs. Interestingly, 34% (147/432) of genes were directly regulated by CRP and CRP-regulated TFs, which indicates that these CRP-regulated genes were also regulated by other CRP-regulated TFs responding to environmental signals through CRP-FFLs. Furthermore, we applied gene ontology annotation to reveal the biological functions of CRP-FFLs.
Treatment of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells with MOR and CBD Promotes Cell Survival and Neuronal Differentiation via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Lanza Cariccio Veronica , Scionti Domenico , Raffa Antonio , Iori Renato , Pollastro Federica , Diomede Francesca , Bramanti Placido , Trubiani Oriana , Mazzon Emanuela
Published: August 2018

Periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (hPDLSCs), as well as all mesenchymal stem cells, show self-renewal, clonogenicity, and multi-tissue differentiation proprieties and can represent a valid support for regenerative medicine. We treated hPDLSCs with a combination of Moringin (MOR) and Cannabidiol (CBD), in order to understand if treatment could improve their survival and their in vitro differentiation capacity. Stem cells survival is fundamental to achieve a successful therapy outcome in the re-implanted tissue of patients. Through NGS transcriptome analysis, we found that combined treatment increased hPDLSCs survival, by inhibition of apoptosis as demonstrated by enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic genes and reduction of pro-apoptotic ones. Moreover, we investigated the possible involvement of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, emphasizing a differential gene expression between treated and untreated cells. Furthermore, hPDLSCs were cultured for 48 h in the presence or absence of CBD and MOR and, after confirming the cellular viability through MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) assay, we examined the presence of neuronal markers, through immunofluorescence analysis. We found an increased expression of Nestin and GAP43 (growth associated protein 43) in treated cells. In conclusion, hPDLSCs treated with Moringin and Cannabidiol showed an improved survival capacity and neuronal differentiation potential.
N6-Methyladenosine Role in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Ianniello Zaira , Fatica Alessandro
Published: August 2018

We are currently assisting in the explosion of epitranscriptomics, which studies the functional role of chemical modifications into RNA molecules. Among more than 100 RNA modifications, the N6-methyladenosine (m6A), in particular, has attracted the interest of researchers all around the world. m6A is the most abundant internal chemical modification in mRNA, and it can control any aspect of mRNA post-transcriptional regulation. m6A is installed by “writers”, removed by “erasers”, and recognized by “readers”; thus, it can be compared to the reversible and dynamic epigenetic modifications in histones and DNA. Given its fundamental role in determining the way mRNAs are expressed, it comes as no surprise that alterations to m6A modifications have a deep impact in cell differentiation, normal development and human diseases. Here, we review the proteins involved in m6A modification in mammals, m6A role in gene expression and its contribution to cancer development. In particular, we will focus on acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), which provides an initial indication of how alteration in m6A modification can disrupt normal cellular differentiation and lead to cancer.
Quantum Modeling: A Bridge between the Pumping and Signaling Functions of Na/K-ATPase
Authors: Wang Weiguang , Shapiro Joseph I.
Published: August 2018

Although the signaling function of Na/K-ATPase has been studied for decades, the chasm between the pumping function and the signaling function of Na/K-ATPase is still an open issue. This article explores the relationship between ion pumping and signaling with attention to the amplification of oxidants through this signaling function. We specifically consider the Na/K-ATPase with respect to its signaling function as a superposition of different states described for its pumping function. We then examine how alterations in the relative amounts of these states could alter signaling through the Src-EGFR-ROS pathway. Using assumptions based on some experimental observations published by our laboratories and others, we develop some predictions regarding cellular oxidant stress.
Sulfated Metabolites of Flavonolignans and 2,3-Dehydroflavonolignans: Preparation and Properties
Authors: Valentová Kateřina , Purchartová Kateřina , Rydlová Lenka , Roubalová Lenka , Biedermann David , Petrásková Lucie , Křenková Alena , Pelantová Helena , Holečková-Moravcová Veronika , Tesařová Eva , Cvačka Josef , Vrba Jiří , Ulrichová Jitka , Křen Vladimír
Published: August 2018

Silymarin, an extract from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) fruits, is consumed in various food supplements. The metabolism of silymarin flavonolignans in mammals is complex, the exact structure of their metabolites still remains partly unclear and standards are not commercially available. This work is focused on the preparation of sulfated metabolites of silymarin flavonolignans. Sulfated flavonolignans were prepared using aryl sulfotransferase from Desulfitobacterium hafniense and p-nitrophenyl sulfate as a sulfate donor and characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DMPD) radical scavenging; ferric (FRAP) and Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) reducing activity; anti-lipoperoxidant potential; and effect on the nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway were examined. Pure silybin A 20-O-sulfate, silybin B 20-O-sulfate, 2,3-dehydrosilybin-20-O-sulfate, 2,3-dehydrosilybin-7,20-di-O-sulfate, silychristin-19-O-sulfate, 2,3-dehydrosilychristin-19-O-sulfate, and silydianin-19-O-sulfate were prepared and fully characterized. Sulfated 2,3-dehydroderivatives were more active in FCR and FRAP assays than the parent compounds, and remaining sulfates were less active chemoprotectants. The sulfated flavonolignans obtained can be now used as authentic standards for in vivo metabolic experiments and for further research on their biological activity.
Mosquito Innate Immunity
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Srivastava Priyanshu , Sirisena PDNN , Dubey Sunil Kumar , Kumar Ramesh , Shrinet Jatin , Sunil Sujatha
Published: August 2018

Mosquitoes live under the endless threat of infections from different kinds of pathogens such as bacteria, parasites, and viruses. The mosquito defends itself by employing both physical and physiological barriers that resist the entry of the pathogen and the subsequent establishment of the pathogen within the mosquito. However, if the pathogen does gain entry into the insect, the insect mounts a vigorous innate cellular and humoral immune response against the pathogen, thereby limiting the pathogen’s propagation to nonpathogenic levels. This happens through three major mechanisms: phagocytosis, melanization, and lysis. During these processes, various signaling pathways that engage intense mosquito–pathogen interactions are activated. A critical overview of the mosquito immune system and latest information about the interaction between mosquitoes and pathogens are provided in this review. The conserved, innate immune pathways and specific anti-pathogenic strategies in mosquito midgut, hemolymph, salivary gland, and neural tissues for the control of pathogen propagation are discussed in detail.
The Value of Oxygenation Saturation Index in Predicting the Outcomes of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Chen Wan-Ling , Lin Wei-Ting , Kung Shu-Chen , Lai Chih-Cheng , Chao Chien-Ming
Published: August 2018

This study aims to investigate the association between oxygenation saturation index (OSI) and the outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients, and assess the predictive performance of OSI for ARDS patients’ mortality. This study was conducted at one regional hospital with 66 adult intensive care unit (ICU) beds. All patients with ARDS were identified between November 1 2016 and May 31 2018, and their clinical information was retrospectively collected. The lowest PaO2/FiO2 ratio and SpO2/FiO2 ratio and highest mean airway pressure (MAP) were recorded on the first day of ARDS; and oxygen index (OI) and OSI were calculated as (FiO2 × MAP × 100)/PaO2, and (FiO2 × MAP × 100) /SpO2 accordingly. During the study period, a total of 101 patients with ARDS were enrolled, and their mean age was 69.2 years. The overall in-ICU and in-hospital mortality rate was 57.4% and 61.4%, respectively. The patients with in-ICU mortality had higher APACHE II score than the survivors (31.6 ± 9.8 vs. 23.0 ± 9.1, p < 0.001). In addition, mortalities had lower SpO2, and SpO2/FiO2 ratios than the survivors (both p < 0.05). In contrast, survivors had lower OI, and OSI than the mortalities (both p = 0.008). Both OSI (area under curve (AUC) = 0.656, p = 0.008) and OI (AUC = 0.654, p = 0.008) had good predictive performance of mortality among ARDS patients using receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves analysis. In addition, the AUC of SpO2/FiO2 (AUC = 0.616, p = 0.046) had better performance for mortality prediction than PaO2/FiO2 (AUC = 0.603, p = 0.08). The patients with OSI greater than 12 had a higher risk of mortality than OSI < 12 (adjusted OR, 5.22, 95% CI, 1.31–20.76, p = 0.019). In contrast, OI, PaO2/FiO2, and SpO2/FiO2 were not found to be significantly associated with increased mortality. OSI is significantly associated with the increased mortality of ARDS patients and can also be a good outcome predictor.
Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria of Clinical Trials for Insomnia
Authors: Huls Hendrikje , Abdulahad Smedra , Mackus Marlou , Van de Loo Aurora , Roehrs Timothy , Roth Thomas , Verster Joris
Published: August 2018

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have eligibility criteria for the inclusion of participants. Ideally, the RCT sample would be representative for the patient population that will use the drug under investigation. However, external validity may be at stake when applying too many or too restrictive eligibility criteria. The current two-part study examined (1) the currently applied eligibility criteria in Phase II and III RCTs examining sleep medication; (2) how these criteria match with the insomnia population as a whole; and (3) how inclusion rates can be changed by an adaptation of these criteria. In the first study, insomnia RCTs were screened at www.clinicaltrials.gov, and relevant eligibility criteria were identified. The second study comprised a survey among self-reported insomnia patients. It was determined to what extent RCT eligibility criteria match the characteristics of this patient population. Of the n = 519 patients that completed the survey only n = 2 (0.4%) met all eligibility criteria of current RCTs. RCT enrolment criteria are not representative for the insomnia patient population as a whole. Being less rigorous in applying upper or lower criteria limits results in a significant increase in the number of eligible patients, and increases the representativeness of RCTs for the insomnia patient population as a whole. The current analysis demonstrates that is important to thoroughly reconsider the use eligibility criteria and their inclusion ranges, and to have a theoretical basis for using them.
Histologic and Histomorphometric Analysis of Bone Regeneration with Bovine Grafting Material after 24 Months of Healing. A Case Report
Authors: Guarnieri Renzo , Belleggia Fabrizio , DeVillier Patricia , Testarelli Luca
Published: August 2018

Anorganic bovine bone mineral matrix (ABBMM) has been reported to have osteoconductive properties and no inflammatory or adverse responses when used as grafting material in sinus augmentation procedures. However, controversy remains in regard to degradation rate of ABBMM. The aim of this study was to histologically and histomorphometrically evaluate the degradation of ABBMM in human bone samples obtained in one patient 24 months after sinus augmentation. Materials and Methods: The histologic and histomorphometric analysis was performed by means of light microscopy in three specimens harvested from the same patient, Results: After 24 months the tissue pattern appeared to be composed of residual particles, some in close contact with the newly formed bone, others separated by translucent areas and osteoid tissues. Newly-formed bone presented different levels of maturation and numerous osteocytes, with greater numbers in bone closer to the grafted particles (27.3% vs. 11.2%, p < 0.05). The histomorphometric analysis showed mean values of 40.84% newly-formed bone, 33.58% residual graft material, 23.84% marrow spaces, and 1.69% osteoid tissue, Conclusions: Even though ABBMM underwent considerable resorption, a great amount of residual grafting material was still present after two years of healing following sinus augmentation. This study confirms that the bovine grafts can be classified as long-term degradation materials.
Improving Animal-Human Cohabitation with Machine Learning in Fiber-Wireless Networks
Authors: Singh Sandeep Kumar , Carpio Francisco , Jukan Admela
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we investigate an animal-human cohabitation problem with the help of machine learning and fiber-wireless (FiWi) access networks integrating cloud and edge (fog) computing. We propose an early warning system which detects wild animals near the road/rail with the help of wireless sensor networks and alerts passing vehicles of possible animal crossing. Additionally, we show that animals’ detection at the earliest and the related processing, if possible, at sensors would reduce the energy consumption of edge devices and the end-to-end delay in notifying vehicles, as compared to the scenarios where raw sensed data needs to be transferred up the base stations or the cloud. At the same time, machine learning helps in classification of captured images at edge devices, and in predicting different time-varying traffic profiles— distinguished by latency and bandwidth requirements—at base stations, including animal appearance events at sensors, and allocating bandwidth in FiWi access networks accordingly. We compare three scenarios of processing data at sensor nodes, base stations and a hybrid case of processing sensed data at either sensors or at base stations, and showed that dynamic allocation of bandwidth in FiWi access networks and processing data at its origin lead to lowering the congestion of network traffic at base stations and reducing the average end-to-end delay.
Synthesis of Heart/Dumbbell-Like CuO Functional Nanostructures for the Development of Uric Acid Biosensor
Authors: Ibupoto Zafar Hussain , Tahira Aneela , Raza Hamid , Ali Gulzar , Khand Aftab Ahmed , Jilani Nabila Shah , Mallah Arfana Begum , Yu Cong , Willander Magnus
Published: August 2018

It is always demanded to prepare a nanostructured material with prominent functional properties for the development of a new generation of devices. This study is focused on the synthesis of heart/dumbbell-like CuO nanostructures using a low-temperature aqueous chemical growth method with vitamin B12 as a soft template and growth directing agent. CuO nanostructures are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. CuO nanostructures are heart/dumbbell like in shape, exhibit high crystalline quality as demonstrated by XRD, and have no impurity as confirmed by XPS. Apparently, CuO material seems to be porous in structure, which can easily carry large amount of enzyme molecules, thus enhanced performance is shown for the determination of uric acid. The working linear range of the biosensor is 0.001 mM to 10 mM with a detection limit of 0.0005 mM and a sensitivity of 61.88 mV/decade. The presented uric acid biosensor is highly stable, repeatable, and reproducible. The analytical practicality of the proposed uric acid biosensor is also monitored. The fabrication methodology is inexpensive, simple, and scalable, which ensures the capitalization of the developed uric acid biosensor for commercialization. Also, CuO material can be used for various applications such as solar cells, lithium ion batteries, and supercapacitors.
A Study on Preparation and Stabilizing Mechanism of Hydrophobic Silica Nanofluids
Authors: Zhao Mingwei , Lv Wenjiao , Li Yuyang , Dai Caili , Zhou Hongda , Song Xuguang , Wu Yining
Published: August 2018

Nanofluids have increasingly drawn interest in recent years with their various applications in a number of fields. The method for the preparation of stable nanofluids is a key concern for extending the application of nanofluids. This study focuses on the effect of pH, dosage of surfactant (TX-100), and nanofluid concentration on the stability of a silica nanofluid. Particle size and zeta potential are two important factors to consider in evaluating the stability of the silica nanofluid. Results indicate that the stability of the silica nanofluid highly depends on pH, dosage of surfactant (TX-100), and nanofluid concentration. On the basis of these experiments, the best conditions for the preparation of a silica nanofluid are 0.1 wt. % for the concentration of silica nanoparticles and TX-100 and 10 for pH. A transparent and stable silica nanofluid can thus be obtained.
Alkali Release from Aggregates in Long-Service Concrete Structures: Laboratory Test Evaluation and ASR Prediction
Authors: Berra Mario , Mangialardi Teresa , Paolini Antonio Evangelista
Published: August 2018

This paper proposes a simple model for predicting the development of deleterious expansion from alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in long-service concrete structures. This model is based on some composition and reactivity parameters related to ASR, including the long-term alkali contribution by aggregates to concrete structures. This alkali contribution was estimated by means of a laboratory extraction test, appositely developed in this study in order to maximize the alkali extraction within relatively short testing times and with low leaching solution/aggregate ratios. The proposed test is a modification of the Italian Standard test method UNI 11417-2 (Ente Nazionale Italiano di Normazione) and it consists of subjecting an aggregate sample to leaching with saturated calcium hydroxide solution in a laboratory autoclave at 105 °C. Nine natural ASR-susceptible aggregates (seven sands and two coarse aggregates) were tested and the following optimized test conditions were found: leaching solution/aggregate weight ratio = 0.6; solid calcium hydroxide/aggregate weight ratio = 0.05; test duration = 120 h. The results of the optimized alkali extraction tests were used in the proposed model for predicting the potential development of long-term ASR expansion in concrete dams. ASR predictions congruent with both the field experience and the ASR prevention criteria recommended by European Committee for Standardization Technical Report CEN/TR 16349:2012 were found, thus indicating the suitability of the proposed model.
Cembranoid-Related Metabolites and Biological Activities from the Soft Coral Sinularia flexibilis
Authors: Wu Chia-Hua , Chao Chih-Hua , Huang Tzu-Zin , Huang Chiung-Yao , Hwang Tsong-Long , Dai Chang-Feng , Sheu Jyh-Horng
Published: August 2018

Five new cembranoid-related diterpenoids, namely, flexibilisins D and E (1 and 2), secoflexibilisolides A and B (3 and 4), and flexibilisolide H (5), along with nine known compounds (6–14), were isolated from the soft coral Sinularia flexibilis. Their structures were established by extensive spectral analysis. Compound 3 possesses an unusual skeleton that could be biogenetically derived from cembranoids. The cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activities of the isolates were investigated, and the results showed that dehydrosinulariolide (7) and 11-epi-sinulariolide acetate (8) exhibited cytotoxicity toward a limited panel of cancer cell lines and 14-deoxycrassin (9) displayed anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of superoxide anion generation and elastase release in N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLF/CB)-induced human neutrophils.
Current and Emerging Techniques for High-Pressure Membrane Integrity Testing
Authors: Ostarcevic Eddy R. , Jacangelo Joseph , Gray Stephen R. , Cran Marlene J.
Published: August 2018

Ideally, pressure driven membrane processes used in wastewater treatment such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration should provide a complete physical barrier to the passage of pathogens such as enteric viruses. In reality, manufacturing imperfections combined with membrane ageing and damage can result in breaches as small as 20 to 30 nm in diameter, sufficient to allow enteric viruses to contaminate the treated water and compromise public health. In addition to continuous monitoring, frequent demonstration of the integrity of membranes is required to provide assurance that the barrier to the passage of such contaminants is intact. Existing membrane integrity monitoring systems, however, are limited and health regulators typically credit high-pressure membrane systems with only 2 log10 virus rejection, well below their capability. A reliable real-time method that can recognize the true rejection potential of membrane systems greater than 4 log10 has not yet been established. This review provides a critical evaluation of the current methods of integrity monitoring and identifies novel approaches that have the potential to provide accurate, representative virus removal efficiency estimates.
New Process with Argon Injected into Ladle around the Tapping Hole for Controlling Slag Carry-over during Continuous Casting Ladle
Authors: Zheng Shuguo , Zhu Miaoyong
Published: August 2018

A new process with argon injected into the ladle around the tapping hole for controlling slag carry-over in a teeming ladle was presented. Physical modeling was used to study the mechanism of controlling slag carry-over, and the feasibility of the new process was also investigated by industrial trials. The results show that vortex forms firstly, and then converts to drain sink. With argon injected into the ladle around the tapping hole, an argon ring was formed, and the rotating angular velocity of the melt close to the tapping hole reduced dramatically, and even vanished when the melt passed the argon ring. Therefore, the new controlling slag carry-over process can eliminate the slag carry-over caused by vortex. The velocity of the melt toward the tapping hole was reduced due to the bubble buoyancy as the melt passed the argon ring. So, the new process can decrease the critical height of slag carry-over caused by drain sink. The application feasibility of the new controlling slag carry-over process is verified by the plant trials. Compared to the traditional teeming ladle process, the new controlling slag carry-over process shows much better efficiency on decreasing the steel residual in the poured ladle.
Incremental Forming of Titanium Ti6Al4V Alloy for Cranioplasty Plates—Decision-Making Process and Technological Approaches
Authors: Racz Sever Gabriel , Breaz Radu Eugen , Tera Melania , Gîrjob Claudia , Biriș Cristina , Chicea Anca Lucia , Bologa Octavian
Published: August 2018

Ti6Al4V titanium alloy is considered a biocompatible material, suitable to be used for manufacturing medical devices, particularly cranioplasty plates. Several methods for processing titanium alloys are reported in the literature, each one presenting both advantages and drawbacks. A decision-making method based upon AHP (analytic hierarchy process) was used in this paper for choosing the most recommended manufacturing process among some alternatives. The result of AHP indicated that single-point incremental forming (SPIF) at room temperature could be considered the best approach when manufacturing medical devices. However, Ti6Al4V titanium alloy is known as a low-plasticity material when subjected to plastic deformation at room temperature, so special measures had to be taken. The experimental results of processing parts from Ti6Al4V titanium alloy by means of SPIF and technological aspects are considered.
Flow-Accelerated Corrosion of Type 316L Stainless Steel Caused by Turbulent Lead–Bismuth Eutectic Flow
Authors: Wan Tao , Saito Shigeru
Published: August 2018

Lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE), a heavy liquid metal, is an ideal candidate coolant material for Generation-IV fast reactors and accelerator-driven systems (ADSs), but LBE is also known to pose a considerable corrosive threat to its container. However, the susceptibility of the candidate container material, 316L stainless steel (SS), to flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC) under turbulent LBE flow, is not well understood. In this study, an LBE loop, referred to as JLBL-1, was used to experimentally study the behavior of 316L SS when subjected to FAC for 3000 h under non-isothermal conditions. An orificed tube specimen, consisting of a straight tube that abruptly narrows and widens at each end, was installed in the loop. The specimen temperature was 450 °C, and a temperature difference between the hottest and coldest legs of the loop was 100 °C. The oxygen concentration in the LBE was lower than 10−8 wt %. The Reynolds number in the test specimen was approximately 5 × 104. The effects of various hydrodynamic parameters on FAC behavior were studied with the assistance of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses, and then a mass transfer study was performed by integrating a corrosion model into the CFD analyses. The results show that the local turbulence level affects the mass concentration distribution in the near-wall region, and therefore, the mass transfer coefficient across the solid/liquid interface. The corrosion depth was predicted on the basis of the mass transfer coefficient obtained in the numerical simulation and was compared with that obtained in the loop. For the abrupt narrow part, the predicted corrosion depth was comparable with the measured corrosion depth, as was the abrupt wide part after involving the wall roughness effects in the prediction; for the straight tube part, the predicted corrosion depth is about 1.3–3.5 times the average experimental corrosion depth, and the possible reason for this discrepancy was provided.
Development of a Thermoelectric and Electromagnetic Hybrid Energy Harvester from Water Flow in an Irrigation System
Authors: Liu Huicong , Zhang Jiankang , Shi Qiongfeng , He Tianyiyi , Chen Tao , Sun Lining , Dziuban Jan A , Lee Chengkuo
Published: August 2018

A hybrid energy harvester is presented in this paper to harvest energy from water flow motion and temperature difference in an irrigating pipe at the same time. The harvester is based on the integration of thermoelectric and electromagnetic mechanisms. To harvest the water flow motion, a turbine fan with magnets that are attached on the blades is placed inside of the water pipe. Multiple coils turn the water flow energy into electricity with the rotation of the turbine. The thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are attached around the pipe, so as to harvest energy due to temperature difference. For a maximum temperature difference of 55 °C (hot side 80 °C and room temperature 25 °C), twelve serial-connected TEGs can generate voltage up to 0.346 V. Under a load resistance of 20 Ώ, the power output of 1.264 mW can be achieved. For a maximum water flow rate of 49.9 L/min, the electromagnetic generator (EMG) can produce an open circuit voltage of 0.911 V. The EMG can be potentially used as a water flow meter due to the linear relationship between water flow rate and output voltage. Under the joint action of TEG and EMG, the maximum terminal voltage for TEG is 66 mV and for EMG is 241 mV at load resistances of 10 and 100 Ώ, respectively, resulting in a corresponding power output of 0.435 and 0.584 mW.
Numerical Modeling of REE Fractionation Patterns in Fluorapatite from the Olympic Dam Deposit (South Australia)
Authors: Krneta Sasha , Ciobanu Cristiana , Cook Nigel , Ehrig Kathy
Published: August 2018

Trace element signatures in apatite are used to study hydrothermal processes due to the ability of this mineral to chemically record and preserve the impact of individual hydrothermal events. Interpretation of rare earth element (REE)-signatures in hydrothermal apatite can be complex due to not only evolving fO2, fS2 and fluid composition, but also to variety of different REE-complexes (Cl-, F-, P-, SO4, CO3, oxide, OH− etc.) in hydrothermal fluid, and the significant differences in solubility and stability that these complexes exhibit. This contribution applies numerical modeling to evolving REE-signatures in apatite within the Olympic Dam iron-oxide-copper-gold deposit, South Australia with the aim of constraining fluid evolution. The REE-signatures of three unique types of apatite from hydrothermal assemblages that crystallized under partially constrained conditions have been numerically modeled, and the partitioning coefficients between apatite and fluid calculated in each case. Results of these calculations replicate the measured data well and show a transition from early light rare earth element (LREE)- to later middle rare earth element (MREE)-enriched apatite, which can be achieved by an evolution in the proportions of different REE-complexes. Modeling also efficiently explains the switch from REE-signatures with negative to positive Eu-anomalies. REE transport in hydrothermal fluids at Olympic Dam is attributed to REE–chloride complexes, thus explaining both the LREE-enriched character of the deposit and the relatively LREE-depleted nature of later generations of apatite. REE deposition may, however, have been induced by a weakening of REE–Cl activity and subsequent REE complexation with fluoride species. The conspicuous positive Eu-anomalies displayed by later apatite with are attributed to crystallization from high pH fluids characterized by the presence of Eu3+ species.
The Evolution, Current Status, and Future Prospects of Using Biotechnologies in the Mineral Extraction and Metal Recovery Sectors
Authors: Johnson D. Barrie
Published: August 2018

The current global demand in terms of both the amounts and range of metals for industrial and domestic use greatly exceeds that at any previous time in human history. Recycling is inadequate to meet these needs and therefore mining primary metal ores will continue to be a major industry in the foreseeable future. The question of how metal mining can develop in a manner which is less demanding of energy and less damaging of the environment in a world whose population is increasingly aware of, and concerned about, the environment, requires urgent redress. Increased application of biotechnologies in the mining sector could go some way in solving this conundrum, yet, biomining (harnessing microorganisms to enhance the recovery of base and precious metals) has remained a niche application since it was first knowingly used in the 1960s. This manuscript reviews the development and current status of biomining applications and highlights their limitations as well as their strengths. New areas of biotechnology that could be applied in the mining sector, and their potential impact in terms of both their potential environmental and economic benefits, are also discussed.
Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Mud Volcanic Ejecta: A New Look at Old Issues (A Case Study from the Bulganak Field, Northern Black Sea)
Authors: Sokol Ella , Kokh Svetlana , Kozmenko Olga , Novikova Sofya , Khvorov Pavel , Nigmatulina Elena , Belogub Elena , Kirillov Maxim
Published: August 2018

We characterise the mineralogy and geochemistry of Oligo-Miocene Maykopian shales that are currently extruded by onshore mud volcanoes of the Kerch-Taman Province (the Northern Black Sea) from the depths of ~2.5–3 km. The ejected muds are remarkable by highly diverse authigenic mineralogy that comprises glauconite, apatite, siderite, mixed Fe–Mg–Mn–(Ca) and Mn–Ca–Fe-carbonates, pyrite, marcasite, sphalerite, cinnabar, chalcopyrite, nukundamite, akantite, native Cu, Au and Au–Ag alloys. Precise geochemical techniques and high-resolution methods are applied to study the composition of bulk rocks, sulphide and carbonate fractions, as well as individual mineral species, including trace element and isotopic compositions of carbonates (C, O) and pyrite (S). Mineralogy of clastic and heavy fractions is used as a provenance tracer. Oxygen-deficient to weakly sulphuric deposition conditions are inferred for the parent sediments proceeding from trace element partitioning between carbonate, sulphide, and metallic phases. The main conclusion of the study is that onshore mud volcanoes of the region only transport buried sedimentary material and authigenic minerals they store to the ground surface.