bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan antara bayi berat lahir rendah dengan asfiksia neonatarum di RSUD Wangaya Kota Denpasar
Authors: Wiadnyana Ida Bagus , Bikin Suryawan I Wayan , Sucipta A.A Made
Published: January 2019

Latar Belakang: Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) pada bayi masih merupakan masalah di bidang kesehatan terutama kesehatan perinatal. Prevalensi bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) diperkirakan 15% dari seluruh kelahiran di dunia dengan batasan 3,3%-38% dan lebih sering terjadi di negara berkembang atau negara dengan sosio-ekonomi rendah. Komplikasi yang sering terjadi pada BBLR seperti hipotermi, gangguan pernafasan, gangguan alat pencernaan, gangguan immunologi, immatur hati, immatur ginjal serta perdarahan. Pada BBLR dapat terjadi kekurangan surfaktan dan belum sempurna pertumbuhan dan perkembangan paru sehingga kesulitan memulai pernafasan yang berakibat untuk terjadi asfiksia neonatorum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan derajat BBLR dengan derajat asfiksia neonatorum.Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional analitik dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Pada penelitian ini, pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada BBLR di RSUD Wangaya periode April 2016 - April 2017 di ruang Nicu dan Perinatologi sampai jumlah sampel penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dengan jumlah sample total 87 sampel. Sampel diperoleh melalui metode consecutive sampling, selanjutnya dilakukan pengumpulan data yang diperlukan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara analitik, selanjutnya disajikan dalam tabulasi data serta dijabarkan menggunakan tabel dan narasi.Hasil: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara derajat BBLR dengan derajat Asfiksia Neonatarum (p=0,03), BBLR merupakan factor resiko terhadap derajat asfiksia dengan nilai resiko prevalensi (RP)=2,08 (IK 95%=1,08 â€“ 1,30).Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara derajat BBLR dengan derajat Asfiksia Neonatarum.
Gambaran pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik ibu balita terhadap penatalaksanaan diare pada anak balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Abang 1
Authors: Suryapramita Dusak Made Rahayu , Sukmayani Yetty , Apriliana Hardika Stephanie , Ariastuti Luh Putu
Published: January 2019

Latar Belakang: Diare merupakan salah satu permasalahan kesehatan dunia yang menjadi penyebab utama kedua kematian anak dibawah lima tahun. Diare dan gastroenteritis dengan penyebab infeksi juga ditemukan masih termasuk ke dalam 10 besar penyakit dengan kunjungan terbanyak di Puskesmas Abang I, Karangasem. Edukasi kesehatan mengenai diare pada balita serta penanganannya penting untuk keefektifan penatalaksanaan kasus diare. Berdasarkan survei singkat yang dilakukan pada 10 orang ibu balita terkait dengan penanganan diare di rumah didapatkan bahwa sebagian besar (70%) ibu balita memberikan penanganan yang kurang tepat. Hal ini menunjukkan kecenderungan perilaku yang kurang tepat dalam penatalaksanaan diare di rumah.Metode: Â Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif cross sectional dengan melibatkan 62 subjek penelitian yang merupakan ibu balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Abang I. Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik ibu balita dalam penatalaksanaan diare pada anak balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Abang I. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling untuk memilih tiga desa yang berada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Abang I dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan snowballing method. Cara pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dengan melakukan wawancara berbasis kuesioner.Hasil: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan gambaran pengetahuan mengenai diare pada balita mayoritas dalam kategori kurang (91,9%).Simpulan: ibu balita memiliki pengetahuan kurang terkait penatalaksanaan diare pada balita, dimana sebagian besar ibu balita masih merespon negatif dalam penanganan awal saat anak mengalami buang air besar lebih encer dari biasanya serta penanganan diare cukup dengan oralit saja. Selain itu, sebagian besar ibu balita juga masih memiliki praktik yang kurang tepat terkait penggunaan obat tradisional dan pemberian teh manis pada balita dengan diare.
Metilasi DNA dalam Perkembangan Kanker Kolorektal
Authors: Dewi Ni Nyoman Ayu , Widya Suksmarini Ni Made Pramita
Published: January 2019

Kanker kolorektal adalah kanker yang terjadi pada kolon (usus besar) dan rektum. Kanker kolorektal menempati urutan kedua sebagai penyebab kanker di negara-negara berkembang dengan angka kematian yang tinggi. Selama ini perubahan genetik dipandang sebagai faktor paling penting dalam inisiasi dan progresivitas kanker. Namun beberapa tahun terakhir diketahui bahwa perubahan epigenetik juga memiliki peran yang sama pentingnya dengan perubahan genetik dalam perkembangan kanker. Perubahan epigenetik meliputi metilasi DNA, modifikasi histon, dan non-coding RNA. Diantara ketiga mekanisme ini, metilasi DNA adalah yang paling banyak dipelajari. Dalam artikel ini dibahas mengenai proses metilasi DNA pada sel normal dan sel kanker, khususnya kanker kolorektal. Pengetahuan dan pemahaman mengenai mekanisme epigenetik sangat diperlukan untuk kepentingan pencegahan maupun pengobatan kanker.
Laporan Kasus: Perimortem Sectio Caesarean pada Ibu Hamil dengan Henti Jantung
Authors: Permatasari Yanti , Kartolo Willy Yant
Published: January 2019

Background Perimortem caesarean section (PMCS) was done in pregnant women with no hope for survival, and not responding to initial resuscitative maneuver. The primary aim of PMCS procedure is to empty the uterus to aid maternal resuscitation.Case Presentation We performed a PMCS after no response of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a 19 years old woman with severe preeclampsia, severe anemia, and acute lung edema.ConclusionThis is a case report of PMSC procedure performed in maternal cardiac arrest. The PMCS was done after no response of CPR with left uterine displacement (LUD). However, the outcome of maternal and neonatal deaths was unavoidable.
Pengaruh personal hygiene terhadap timbulnya akne vulgaris pada mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter angkatan 2014 di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana
Authors: Putra I Putu Indra Ardhiyana , Winaya Ketut Kwartantaya
Published: January 2019

Latar Belakang: Akne vulgaris (AV) merupakan penyakit kulit yang meradang berasal dari folikel pilosebasea. Ada beberapa Faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya akne vulgaris antara lain terdapat peningkatan produksi sebum, penyumbatan folikel pilosebasea, peningkatan kolonisasi bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Personal hygiene dapat berpengaruh terhadap timbulnya keluhan penyakit kulit seperti personal hygiene. Kebersihan yang baik adalah kebersihan yang menghilangkan kelebihan sebum tanpa merusak lipid pelindung kulit, dan menghilangkan bakteri dari permukaan kulit. Kebanyakan remaja khususnya pelajar SMA seringkali mengabaikan tentang pentingnya menjaga kebersihan wajah mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara personal hygiene terhadap keluhan acne vulgaris. Â Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian crossectional analitik untuk mencari hubungan antara personal hygiene dengan acne vulgaris. Data dari penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang didapat dari hasil kuisionerÂ  Dengan jumlah sampel sebanyakÂ  43. Sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswa program studi pendidikan dokter angkatan 2014 di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana.Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil uji chi square antara tingkat personal hygiene dan kejadian akne vulgaris menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan (p=0,020) sehingga terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat personal hygieneÂ  dengan kejadian akne vulgaris.Simpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa Mahasiswa yang memiliki tingkat personal hygiene buruk lebih banyak mengalami acne vulgaris. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara menjaga personal hygiene dengan timbulnya akne vulgaris (p=0,020).Â  Â
Management of dentoalveolar fracture by using rigid wire and composite splint: A case report
Authors: W Firstyananda , E Sjamsudin
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Dentoalveolar fractures in adults often occur in the context of daily activities and traffic accidents. Crown fracture is the most common type of lesion, followed by tooth mobility.Case: A 67-year-old woman came to the Emergency Department with bleeding from the mouth because she fells down and her lips hit the bathroom floor. There was no history of unconsciousness, vomiting, and bleeding from ear and nose. The extraoral examination found an asymmetrical face, hematoma on the right eye area, nasolabial region and chin. Edema and hematoma on the upper and lower lip. The intraoral examination was found generalized hyperemia gingiva. The diagnosis was dentoalveolar fracture 12, 22 with crown fracture of teeth 11, 21, 22 accompanied by mobility grade 2 of 12, 11. First treatments are wound debridement, splinting with rigid wire and composite splint, and selective grinding. Panoramic references and prescribing antibiotics and analgesics. Post-action instructions include maintaining oral hygiene, soft diet, radices removal, and return for splinting control. Treatment results show good soft and hard tissue healing. Conclusion: Rigid wire and composite splint are one of the most common and easy fixation techniques to treat dentoalveolar fractures. Simple tools and techniques make rigid wire and composite splint a good treatment for simple dentoalveolar fractures.
Comparison of three flap designs on postoperative complication after third molar surgery
Authors: Arindra Pingky Krisna , Indrapradana Adyaputra
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Third molar surgery can cause post-operative complications to the patient due to the presence of wound from the incision. The study aimed to compare modified triangular (triangular reverse) flap with triangular and envelope flap on postoperative complications by the measurements on post-surgical swelling, trismus, pain scale, wound dehiscence and the occurrence of alveolar osteitis.Methods: Study design using a single-blind randomized clinical trial. Each treatment group consisted of 10 patients. An assessment was performed on day 1, 7 and 14 after surgery. The swelling was measured using different anatomical points, and trismus was measured using the distance of inter-incisal opening. The occurrence of dehiscence was measured from the width of the incision line. Alveolar osteitis and pain scale was observed.Results: The results of one way ANOVA (p>0.05) shows there was no difference between treatment groups both for swelling and mouth opening, but there was a difference between treatment groups for dehiscence on days 7 and 14. The results of the Post Hoc test show that flap envelope differs from the other flap design, whereas triangular and triangular reverse flap showed no difference. Friedman test results (p>0.05) showed no difference in VAS score. There was no alveolar osteitis occurred in each treatment group during postoperative control. Kruskal Wallis test (p>0.05) showed that there was no difference of VAS score between treatment group during post-operative control.Conclusion: The triangular reverse flap design may decrease the occurrence of postoperative complication after mandibular third molar surgery.Â
The conventional management of periapical cyst caused by post-dental treatment failure: A case report
Authors: Manuputty Florence Ariyana , M Sylvyana , A Tasman
Published: January 2019

Background: Periapical cyst is the typical type of cyst that found in dental practices. Periapical cyst is an advanced phase of dental infection due to caries. Untreated caries will leads to pulpitis and develop to pulp necrosis. Periapical cyst is formed following the necrotic pulp. This study aims to describe the conventional management by enucleation technique to periapical cyst due to post-dental treatment failure.Case Description: A 22-years-old female patient came to oral and maxillofacial surgery clinic with a chief complaint of palatal swelling since eight months ago. On clinical examination, there was palatal swelling of 2x1x1 cm in size and radiograph showed a periapical cyst about pulp gangrene of teeth 21 and 22. Trauma history was found about 5 years ago with anterior teeth fractured and treated with restoration. The cyst was treated by enucleation and extraction was carried out for pulp gangrene teeth. There was no obturator insertion. The treatment showed a good prognosis and no secondary infection noticed.Conclusion: The treatment of periapical cyst was successfully by non-surgery conventional therapy with endodontic treatment and surgery method by enucleation for the bigger lesion. Cyst enucleation can be done without any complication, such as periodontal tissue damage.
Efek penutupan Diastema menggunakan Silicone Guide dengan Komposit Nanofiller: Laporan Kasus
Authors: Djuanda Rudy , Azhari Fadli
Published: January 2019

Background: Midline diastema is an aesthetic problem that can occur in anterior teeth where the closure of it can be performed by direct composite restorations. This study aims to see the benefits of using silicone guides and nanofiller composite resins to provide a smooth and esthetic restoration surface effect on the diastema closure.Case Description: A 24-year-old woman came to the clinic with complaints of a gap in the front teeth which was considered to be very disturbing appearance. Patients had a desired to fix their teeth due to uncomfortable feeling when smiling. Clinically, there was a diastema between the teeth 11 and 21. There was no caries found and teeth were found to be vital. While other teeth had a normal shape and there was no gap between the teeth. The gingival tissues around the tooth look normal and good oral hygiene and there was no low frenulum. Diastema closure using nanofiller composite restorations showed a good prognosis.Conclusion: Midline diastema closure using silicone guide can provide precise results according to the analysis, either on the anatomy of the palatal, labial and dental midline. The use of nanofiller composite resins at the closure of midline diastemic can provide advantages of both strength and maximum polishing results.
Pengaruh kombinasi Surface Pre-Treatment dan waktu inisiasi penyinaran terhadap kebocoran Mikro Restorasi RMGIC di RSGM Provinsi Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Humairah Aisyah , Yulianti Rinda , Mozartha Martha
Published: January 2019

Background: Microleakage of RMGIC may occur due to smear layer interfere with the adhesion mechanism. Surface pretreatment to remove smear layer has been suggested. This study aims to evaluate the effect of combination surface pretreatment (dentin conditioner and acid-etch) and delayed light initiation on microleakage RMGIC restoration.Methods: Class V cavities were prepared on 32 maxillary premolars which have fulfilled inclusion criteria and randomly divided into 4 groups. Cavities were pretreated with dentin conditioner (group I and II) and acid-etch (groups III and IV). All cavities were restored with RMGIC and immediate light initiation (group I and III), delayed light initiation for 3 minutes (group II and IV). All specimens were thermo-cycled and immersed in Rhodamine-B 2% dye solution for 24 hours at 37Â° C. Specimens were sectioned parallel to the axis of the tooth and the extent of Rhodamine-B dye penetration was examined under a USB Digital Microscope.Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between time initiation group (3 minutes and 0 minutes) (P < 0.05). T-test results showed a significant difference between groups I and IV and Group III and IV (P< 0.05).Conclusion: This study showed that there is no effect of the combined surface pretreatment and delayed light initiation on microleakage RMGIC restoration
Tingkat pengetahuan tentang prolaps organ panggul pada perempuan yang berolahraga gym di tempat gym khusus perempuan wilayah Denpasar Selatan tahun 2017
Authors: Kiantimi Ni Putu Omasih , Mega Putra I Gede , Manuaba Ida Bagus Gde Fajar
Published: January 2019

Prolaps organ panggul (POP) adalah turunnya organ panggul kedalam liang vagina hingga keluar dari introitus vagina yang dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor risiko. Peningkatan tekanan intra abdominal karena mengangkat beban yang berat, berolahraga gym dengan cara yang salah merupakan salah satu faktor risiko POP. POP merupakan penyakit yang tidak mengancam nyawa tetapi mengganggu kualitas hidup penderitanya dan diperlukannya operasi yang berulangkali dan mahal untuk memperbaiki kualitas organ panggul penderita. Sehingga pencegahan sangat penting untuk penyakit POP. Salah satu pencegahan yang dapat dilaksanakan adalah peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang POP. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan tentang POP pada perempuan yang berolahraga gym di tempat gym khusus perempuan wilayah Denpasar Selatan tahun 2017. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen kuisioner. Kuisioner yang digunakan telah tervalidasi dengan rumus pearson product moment dan telah lulus uji reabilitas dengan nilai alpha cronbach 0,884 (>0,600). Terdapat 106 responden yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah perempuan yang berolah raga gym di tempat gym khusus perempuan wilayah Denpasar Selatan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil dan Simpulan: Rata-rata skor pengetahuan responden 73,8%. Sehingga, dapat dikategorikan tingkat pengetahuan responden adalah tingkat pengetahuan cukup. Distribusi kategori tingkat pengetahuan baik sebanyak 48,1 %, kategori pengetahuan cukup sebanyak 45,3% dan kategori pengetahuan kurang sebanyak 6,6% dari total responden.Â
Hubungan konsumsi snack, menyikat gigi dan kunjungan dokter gigi terhadap karies pada siswa kelas VII SMP Santo Yoseph Denpasar
Authors: Cahyadi Patricia Eviana , Handoko Steffano Aditya , Utami Ni Wayan Arya
Published: January 2019

Introduction : Dental caries is the most prevalent oral disease in Indonesia that could occur in all age groups. According to the WHO, about 60 - 90% school children worldwide have dental caries. The aims of this study were to analyze the correlation between snacking (consumption of snacks or sweetened drink), tooth brushing habit and dental visit with caries incidence.Method: Study design using a cross-sectional analytical study, sampled from one hundred and two seventh grade Santo Yoseph junior high school students. Samples were chosen using purposive random sampling. The data was analyzed using descriptive method and risk estimate with chi-square test.Result: The prevalence of caries observed in the samples was 52.0%. The results was statistically significant for correlation between tooth brushing habit and caries incidence (p= <0.001; OR= 7.44; CI 95%= 2.71 â€“ 20.42). Consumption of snacks or sweetened drink (p= 0.25; OR= 1.58; CI 95%= 0.71â€“3.50) and dental visit (p=0.903; OR= 1.502; CI 95%= 0.46â€“2.37) were not statistically significant with caries incidence.Conclusion: Tooth brushing habit was concluded as the most significant factor in dental caries incidence. It is recommended for school to educate the student about how to brushing teeth properly in collaboration with the primary health care centers.
Determinan perilaku perawatan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada anak usia 12 tahun di wilayah kerja Puskesmas I Baturiti
Authors: Wulandari Ni Nyoman Feby , Handoko Steffano Aditya , Kurniati Desak Putu Yuli
Published: January 2019

Latar Belakang: Kesehatan gigi dan mulut merupakan bagian fundamental dari kesehatan umum dan berpengaruh terhadap kesejahteraan secara keseluruhan. Para ahli sepakat bahwa penyakit gigi dan mulut merupakan â€œbehavioral diseaseâ€ atau penyakit terkait perilaku. Faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku perawatan kesehatan gigi dan mulut belum diketahui, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk melihat determinan yang paling berpengaruh terhadap perilaku perawatan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada anak usia 12 tahun di wilayah kerja Puskesmas I Baturiti, Tabanan.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional analitik. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah anak sekolah dasar yang berusia 12 tahun yang berada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas I Baturiti, Tabanan tahun ajaran 2016 dengan teknik simple random sampling. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil hubungan determinan dengan perilaku perawatan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada anak usia 12 tahun berdasarkan pengetahuan yaitu p=0,007. Berdasarkan sikap dengan nilai p=0,033. Berdasarkan sumber informasi yaitu p=0,000. Berdasarkan dukungan orang tua yaitu p=0,028. Sedangkan berdasarkan dukungan guru diperoleh p=0,009.Simpulan: Adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan, sikap, sumber informasi, dukungan orang tua dan dukungan guru dan sekolah dengan perilaku perawatan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada anak. Sumber Informasi merupakan faktor dominan dalam mempengaruhi perilaku perawatan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada anak usia 12 tahun di wilayah kerja Puskesmas I Baturiti, Tabanan.
Efektifitas ekstrak lidah buaya terhadap jumlah sel fibroblast pada proses penyembuhan luka incisi marmut
Authors: Dewi Putu Sulistiawati
Published: January 2019

Latar belakang : Proses pembedahan seringkali melibatkan tindakan insisi yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan, dimana kerusakan jaringan ini akan menstimulasi terjadinya proses pemulihan atau yang biasa disebut dengan proses penyembuhan luka. Penyembuhan luka merupakan proses yang dinamis dan terdiri dari fase inflamasi, fase proliferasi dan fase maturasi. Sel fibroblas mulai muncul pada fase proliferasi. Salah satu tanaman herbalÂ  yang berperan dalam penyembuhan luka adalah lidah buaya yang berkhasiat membantu proses regenerasi sel, anti bakteri, anti jamur dan anti inflamasi Tujuan : Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektifitas ekstrak lidah buaya terhadap jumlah sel fibroblas dalam proses penyembuhan luka insisi pada hewan marmut. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan 9 ekor marmut jantan dewasa berumur 5-6 bulan dengan berat sekitar 700-800 gram. Dua buah luka insisi dibuat pada punggung masing-masing marmut dengan panjang insisi kurang lebih 1,5 cm, kedalaman 2 mm dan dengan jarak antar insisi kurang lebih 3 cm, insisi dibuat vertikal pada daerah punggung marmut. Luka insisi pertama kemudian diberi perlakuan dengan ekstrak lidah buaya 75% sebagai kelompok uji, sedangkan luka insisi kedua diberi aquades sebagai kelompok kontrol. Perlakuan diberikan selama 4 hari, pada hari ke-5 semua hewan uji didekapitasi dan dilakukan pemeriksaan histologi untuk menghitung jumlah sel fibroblas kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji Independent t-test. Hasil penelitian : terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara jumlah sel fibroblas kelompok uji dengan jumlah sel fibroblas kelompok kontrol (sig < 0,05). Kesimpulan : pemberian ekstrak lidah buaya 75% dapat meningkatkan jumlah sel fibroblas dalam proses penyembuhan luka insisi pada marmut.
Inhibition effect of hydrocolloid irreversible alginate on soaking spray using aloe vera juice
Authors: Sumantri Dedi , Maulida Chaira
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Alginate impression material is the most commonly used in dentistry to get a negative mold of the oral tissues. Alginate impression material has imbibition effect when in contact with the liquid during the disinfection process. This study aimed to observe the imbibition effect on alginate impression material soaked and sprayed using Aloe vera juice.Methods: The research method used was a laboratory experimental with pretest and posttest. Alginate was molded by using a mold with the size of 28 mm in diameter and 18 mm high. The results of molding alginate were soaked and sprayed using Aloe vera juice 100% for 5 minutes and 10 minutes. Calculation of imbibition was performed by weighing using digital scales. The normality tested by Shapiro-Wilk and the data were analyzed by Mann Whitney.Result: The results showed that there were imbibition effects on alginate molding soaked and sprayed for 5 minutes and 10 minutes, the test indicated that there were significant differences (p<0.05) between 10 minutes and 5 minutes soaking. Meanwhile, between 5 minutes and 10 minutes spraying, no significant difference was obtained (p>0.05).Conclusion: This study concludes that it occurs the smallest imbibition effect on a spraying treatment using Aloe vera 100% for five minutes.
Pengaruh suhu penyimpanan terhadap kedalaman pengerasan dan kekuatan resin komposit
Authors: Harahap Kholidina Imanda
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Temperature plays a role in polymerization process of composite resin. Depth of cure is often used as a marker of polymerization adequacy in composite resins. Adequate polymerization will increase the mechanical properties of composite resin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage temperature on depth of cure and compressive strength of composite resin.Â Method: Samples were made from nanofiller composite resin (Filtek Z350 XT,3M,ESPE,USA) after the materials were stored at 4Â°C and 24Â°C for two weeks. Twenty samples of nanofiller composite resins for each test group were prepared using metal mould with 6 mm in diameter and 4 mm thick.Â  Samples were cured under visible blue light for 20 second. The polymerized composite resin was measured for determining the depth of cure. Compressive strength of samples was tested by using Universal Testing Machine.Â Result: The results showed that depth of cure value of 24Â°C (3.90 Â± 0.07 mm) was higher than 4Â°C (3.83 Â± 0.17 mm) and compressive strength of 24Â°C (35.20 Â± 4.63 MPa) was higher than 4Â°C (26.47 Â± 3.13 MPa). Statistical analysis showed that depth of cure were no siginificant differences (p > 0.05) but in compressive strength were significant differences between test groups (p < 0.05).Â Conclusion: Storage temperature can affect the depth of cure and compressive strength of composite resin, although no significant difference on the depth of cure.
Trefoil Factor Family in Pre-neoplastic Lesions and Gastric Cancer
Authors: Behrooznia Zahra , Ghaderi Pouya , Jafarzadeh Narges , Izanloo Azra , Mansoori Majoofardi Sepideh , Rahimi Kakhki Rana , Nabipour Maryam , Sima Hamid Reza , Sima Ali Reza , Farzanehfar Mohammad Reza , Saber Afsharian Malihe , Ghoshayeshi Ladan , Bary Ali Reza , Sharifian Razavi Masoud , Lary Sara , Ghaffarzadehgan Kamran
Published: January 2019

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Although the global incidence of gastric cancer has been decreased dramatically in recent decades, north and northwest of Iran have the highest incidence rate of gastric cancer. Whilst the surgical procedures for gastric cancer have been improved, there is no cure for that. The intestinal type of GC results from pre-neoplastic conditions including atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. Trefoil Factors Family proteins (TFFs) are small and stable molecules secreted by the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. TFFs constitute a family of three peptides (TFF1, TFF2and TFF3) that are widely expressed in a tissue specific manner in the gastrointestinal tract. Variable TFFs expression in gastric cancer and pre-neoplastic lesions has been found. TFF1 has a tumor suppressor activity and inhibits tumorogenesis in gastric cancer. Its expression decreases in gastritis, gastric atrophy, dysplasia, intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer.TFF2 has a protective effect on gastrointestinal epithelium. As a prognostic factor, TFF2 expression decreases in gastric ulcer, chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. TFF3 is considered as an oncogenic factor in gastric tissues. Whilst the normal gastric tissues don’t express TFF3, it increases in intestinal metaplasia. Therefore, more studies are necessary to clarify the role of TFFs in GC and pre-neoplastic conditions. This review has focused on elucidating the important role of TFFs in gastric cancer and pre-neoplastic lesions.
Managing up
Authors: Brady Janet
Published: January 2019

‘Managing up’ is an activity reported to challenge many employees working in organisations and especially when it involves giving negative feedback about one's boss to one's boss. While it is largely a discursive practice, it has received little if any attention from applied linguists. This paper presents a case study of one such managing up activity in a Global 500 company. Using discourse analysis, the paper reports on critical moments that occurred prior to, during and following a sensitive meeting between one subordinate manager and her superior, and the withdrawal of support from and the enactment of power by their general manager to overrule the subordinate's managing-up initiatives, undermine their mentoring relationship, and erode the general manager's influence through perceived lack of fairness. Analysis suggests that while managing up compromises the trust in and respect for the senior manager held by the subordinate, the experience offers an opportunity for her to critically evaluate the general manager's practices against deeply-held personal values while offering those interested in leadership an opportunity to evaluate the senior manager's leadership performance.
Patient-centredness in advice delivered during audiology consultations
Authors: Collingridge Louise , Bassett Elizabeth
Published: January 2019

Patient-centredness in audiological rehabilitation has previously been presented as possible only when attending to psychosocial aspects of hearing loss. Yet, audiologists routinely and by necessity provide technologically orientated advice about hearing aids. Although some advice is resisted, a significant number of patients are assisted and have improved quality of life because of audiological advice. This study investigates moments of advice giving during audiology consultations, in which hearing aids were discussed as rehabilitative options. Two illustrative cases selected from a collection of 20 consultations are presented, in which the audiologists’ goals differed from those of the patients, but where after a process of advising (in one case offering explicit advice and in the other implicit advice), rehabilitation including hearing aids was agreed to. Hypothetical questions, voicing and patterns of pronoun use provided evidence of patient-centredness, in the absence of an obvious psychosocial focus. Demonstrating patient-centredness in discussions about hearing aids provides additional perspectives on current public commentary about the sale of hearing aids by audiologists. Additionally, demonstrating patient-centredness during hearing aid discussions suggests that audiologists may be able to transfer their skills to address areas commonly neglected in audiology consultations, including a focus on psychosocial aspects of audiological care.
Collaboration between applied linguists and professional experts
Authors: Gotti Maurizio
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this paper is to investigate some of the challenges and prospects connected with interdisciplinary cooperation in the analysis of specialised discourse. In the last few decades, the literature on English for Special Purposes has often underlined the importance of this type of collaboration for a better understanding of how practitioners use language to achieve the objectives of their professions. The contribution that the applied linguist can provide may be very relevant, particularly in those cases in which hybridity and interdiscursivity can be detected in the discourses used by professional participants. In this paper, an example of this type of explanation is presented, drawn from the literature and my own direct experience relating to a specific interdisciplinary research project carried out by a joint group of arbitration experts/practitioners and applied linguists. The issues identified show that linguistic explanations can be of great help to disciplinary experts in attaining a more correct interpretation of the texts and practices in which they are commonly involved.
Managing transitions through discourse at work
Authors: Holmes Janet , Marra Meredith , Kidner Keely
Published: January 2019

Workplace transitions provide rich material for understanding intercultural interaction. Research on transitions has typically focussed on the sociocultural effects of moving between nations and/or on examples of career change. Boundary crossing at this macro level has provided insight into how newcomers negotiate novel cultural expectations. As workplace discourse analysts our particular interest is the interactional negotiation that occurs as these newcomers move from one environment to the next. In this paper, using the reflections of those who have experienced such transitions, along with an analysis of recordings of professional migrants in new workplace contexts, we demonstrate how micro-level instantiations of these transitions offer a lens on the contrasting and sometimes conflicting societal norms and sociocultural practices which must be managed in these contexts. The analysis makes use of our social realist model for understanding workplace talk (Holmes, Marra and Vine 2011) and our interpretations are supported by ethnographic observations and discussion with those who have observed or experienced these transitions. We conclude by outlining ways in which this approach to understanding interaction can be used to help prepare newcomers to navigate new workplace contexts.
Cross-disciplinary collaboration in research on a specific-purpose language test in the healthcare setting
Authors: McNamara Tim , Elder Cathie , Flynn Eleanor , Knoch Ute , Manias Elizabth , Woodward-Kron Robyn , Yahalom Sharon
Published: January 2019

Central to teaching and assessing languages for specific purposes is collaboration between domain experts and applied linguists; yet, the complexity of the process has been little documented. A project involving collaboration between language testers, applied linguists and healthcare professionals in Australia provided an opportunity for exploration of this complexity. The project focused on interprofessional written communication about patient care, which forms the basis of a writing task in the Occupational English Test (OET), an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) test for health professionals. The project aimed to identify criteria indigenous to the work setting in order to inform the criteria used by language professionals in judging performance on the OET. This methodological paper examines the decisions involved in designing the collaboration and considers the possible effect of decisions on the validity of findings. The decisions include the choice of workplace writing tasks, of participants, of work settings and of written materials to be used as stimuli, the mode of eliciting responses to the stimuli from the domain experts and the coding and interpretation of data. The ways in which the research results are to be implemented in practice are examined, as well as the broader implications for the methodology of ESP research.
The syllabus and the casualty ward
Authors: Myers Greg
Published: January 2019

A 1974 study of ‘Doctor-Patient Communication Skills’, led by Christopher Candlin, can tell us about the intellectual background of studies of professional communication and the ways theoretical frameworks are adapted to the actualities of collaboration with a funder and day-to-day work in an institutional environment. The funder was a healthcare foundation, and the aim of the study was to develop a syllabus for teaching communication to doctors coming from overseas. The study involved observation of more than 200 consultations in a casualty ward. Findings were framed in terms of a set of functions and the possible transitions between these functions, and these would guide the kinds of linguistic actions to be taught. But within this narrow and now dated framework, the team also raised a number of wider questions that are still relevant today: the idea of the consultation as a unit, networks of medical professionals, the use of frames, attention to multimodality as ‘transmediation’ and the crucial role of time constraints.
Walking a fine line – The legal system and sign language interpreters
Authors: Napier Jemina , Banna Karin
Published: January 2019

Legal interpreting as an applied linguistic activity has been explored in the literature, with various explorations of the role of legal interpreters from a discourse perspective. Current thinking in interpreting studies classifies the role of the interpreter as a participant in interaction and co-constructor of meaning. Sign language interpreting as a professional practice typically occurs in legal contexts where the deaf person is the complainant, defendant or witness. However, recent research has begun to explore the provision of sign language interpreting for deaf jurors. Drawing on a corpus of 12 qualitative interviews, and with reference to frameworks of discourse and responsibility, this paper presents analyses of perceptions from two key stakeholder groups - sign language interpreters and lawyers - on the level of professional responsibility that each stakeholder feels that sign language interpreters need to adopt in the legal setting, and their perceptions of the role and responsibilities of sign language interpreters in this context. This study reveals that the legal and moral boundaries of meaning attributed to interpreters’ responsibilities are blurred, yet both stakeholder groups have their own clear perceptions of the duties attached to the interpreter's position in court. Thus interpreters need to walk a fine line in how they manage their role and responsibilities according to interpreting studies theory while meeting the linguistic needs of their deaf clients in court and adhering to their responsibilities as perceived by the justice system.
Assessing institutional empathy in medical settings
Authors: Atkins Sarah , Roberts Celia
Published: January 2019

The use of role-play in standardised medical assessments raises many problems, particularly around the measurement of interpersonal skills such as ‘empathy’. Research on the use of simulations has tended to focus on quantified, psychometric assessments of their reliability and validity. However, communication, which often forms a central part of the assessment in medical simulations, is a difficult matter to address through this post hoc analytic method. A sociolinguistic approach to analysing real recordings of simulated medical assessments allows greater insight into communication and interpersonal skills. We use our research on medical licensing exams to illustrate some of the current questions about the examining of such skills through understanding the fine-grained detail of talk. Drawing on Goffman to critique simulated relationships and on Gumperz to analyse the role of differences in communicative style, and based on microanalysis of video-recorded role-players and candidates, we argue that the focus on interpersonal skills in standardised assessments amplifies the problem of using simulated empathy and requires additional interactional work. This focus on interpersonal skills in such assessments can lead to inequalities, since an unfair weight may be put upon candidates trained overseas. The paper concludes that the debate on ‘language’ in such exams and their standardisation in superdiverse societies needs to be reset.

CC-BY - This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
‘Timeless places’ – Narratives about flight, exile and belonging
Authors: Wodak Ruth
Published: January 2019

In this paper, I present some results of an interdisciplinary (psychological, historical, discourse-analytical) research project on narratives of persecution, flight and survival. These stories told by the children (and grandchildren) of Austrian victims of Nazi persecution, all of them left-wing political dissidents and some of them also Jewish, relate to World War II and the Holocaust. In their narratives, the interviewees try to come to terms with the experiences of their parents (and grandparents) and bridge the obvious cognitive dissonance of living in Austria and holding a citizenship which was denied to their elders at a traumatic point of their parents’ lives. Firstly, I focus on the narratives as they relate to flight and the loss of citizenship and homes. Secondly, I investigate what it meant - from the children's perspective - to later return to and grow up in the country that had excluded their parents. And thirdly, I reflect on what such stories imply for the present and future and what we can learn from them. In the analysis, I integrate quantitative methods (narrative network analysis and corpus linguistics) with qualitative discourse analysis. Although each story and the related context are of course unique, it is nevertheless worth discussing if specific characteristics of the narratives could be generalised to other contexts in order to illustrate the plights of fleeing refugees and their struggles for survival.
The death of scientific evidence in Canadian policymaking:
Authors: Smart Graham
Published: January 2019

This study examines publicly voiced resistance by a Canada-wide community of scientists and citizen supporters against what they perceived as the Canadian government's efforts to undermine publicly supported science, with its concern for empirical evidence, in order to facilitate a narrowly pro-industry orientation in its policy-making. Using Hajer's argumentative discourse analysis (ADA) to interpret a corpus of some 700 Web-published texts, the author identified a macro-argument collectively produced and publicly communicated by the Canadian scientific community. The study also showed how this macro-argument served as a vehicle for two ideological representations: a virtuous self-representation of the scientific community itself and a negative representation of the motives and actions of the Canadian government. The findings of the research contribute to our understanding of how collective argumentative positions emerge within the discourse of a major scientific controversy. At the same time, the study offers policymakers insights in how they might communicate more effectively with communities of scientific experts.
Mediated self-care and the question of agency
Authors: Jones Rodney H.
Published: January 2019

This article analyses the discursive construction of agency in narratives of ‘mediated self-care’, stories of disease management and/or recovery in which particular material or discursive technologies play a central part. Specifically, it analyses two stories of self-care, one told in the context of an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting, and the other told in the context of a Quantified Self ‘meetup’. The analytical apparatus I will bring to bear on these data is mediated discourse analysis, an approach to discourse whose primary focus is on the actions and identities made possible when people appropriate ‘technologies’ into particular situations (or ‘sites of engagement’). The analysis focuses on how narrators construct their relationship with the technologies they use, how they describe the process of mastering these technologies and how these technologies are represented as emblems of group membership. The analysis reveals how different kinds of technologies of self-care are associated with different constructions of the self and individual agency and different constructions of ‘wellness’.
Endpiece: Extending ‘presencing’ in the context of enhancing patient wellbeing in nursing care
Authors: Candlin Sally , Candlin Christopher N.
Published: January 2019

Drawing on a single narrative of the experience of an expert nurse engaging with a patient who is approaching the end of life, this paper examines how critical moments in the crucial site of engagement were discursively and collaboratively managed. The discussion makes salient the holistic understanding of the interactional context, this understanding being captured in the construct of ‘presencing’ as key to contributing to the accounting for nursing expertise. Presencing is embedded firmly here in communication and nursing discourse, which in turn is key to nursing practice. Emphasis must then be placed on the preparation to which novice nurses are exposed, and foremost is communication within the nursing curriculum for students preparing for practice and also within postgraduate in-service programs. Presencing of itself is not necessarily “taught” formally, but is often modeled, as are many other professional behaviours, in the practice of expert nurses. However a firm grounding in the understanding of discourse practices will equip the nurse to have a better awareness of the nature of presencing since we argue that used strategically, it is firmly grounded in discourse. Central to nursing and discourse practices demonstrated by the expert nurse, is her sensitivity to, and understanding of the patient's needs and exemplified in the appropriate use of presencing.
‘Apparently the chap is a bit of a rogue’
Authors: Rock Frances
Published: January 2019

This paper examines how risk communication features in telephone calls to one British non-emergency police number. Using a collection of naturally occurring telephone calls to a police non-emergency line the paper takes an approach grounded in qualitative discourse analysis. The work illustrates that callers discursively construct risk through categories which enable them to make sense of, and meaning around, dangers they perceive. Through this discursively constructed risk, callers warrant their calls. In doing so, they draw on categorisations of crime types and then upgrade their categorical alignments, which serves to connect the incidents they are reporting to increasingly serious crime type categories. The paper shows how this process of construction and categorisation of risk is bound into wider discursive strategies. The work has applications in call handling contexts where an understanding of ways that risk can be appropriated has diagnostic potential.
Conversation words in art and design practice
Authors: Hocking Darryl
Published: January 2019

Spoken and written communication plays a crucial constitutive role in both the production and reception of contemporary art and design practice, and as a result ‘conversation’ words, such as discuss, talk, communicate and respond frequently occur in the texts and talk of art and design educators, their students and creative professionals. In order to understand more about the role of communication in art and design practice, as well as the conceptualisation of art and design practice as communication, this study examines the use of these ‘conversation’ words in ethnographic data collected from a site-specific instance of art and design discourse practice. To achieve this objective, the ethnographic data is treated as sets of corpora which are examined using the tools of corpus analysis. Findings indicate the different constitutive, functional and strategic roles of ‘conversation’ words in art and design education and professional practice. They also shed light on the potential of corpus analytical resources to contribute to ethnographic research.
Ethical positionings in the self-reflective accounts of professional accountants
Authors: Jones Alan , Sin Samantha
Published: January 2019

Ethical aspects of professional practice are increasingly the focus of attention and scholarly investigation, nowhere more so than in the field of financial accounting. In this paper we examine how three experienced accountants responded to a query about the ethics of everyday accounting practice. From a corpus of 18 interviews, we chose three “accounts” representing three disparate ethical positions. The interviewees developed their positions tentatively and incrementally, and each employed a distinctive range of rhetorical and discursive strategies. They had time to reflect on the topic in question, i.e. to reflect while actually speaking and to reflect on and react to what they had said so far. And they had time to consider the consequences of each impromptu formulation for their public identity as ethically responsible, trustworthy professionals as well as for their inner self-conceptions as ethical and moral agents. Our findings suggest that ethical self-understandings evolve over time, as individual agents react to the challenges or dilemmas they happen to confront, and that that process may well be accelerated through the activity of account giving - a process that simultaneously illuminates the impersonal corporate forces that organise our society.