bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Academic Perseverance in Foreign Language Learning: An Investigation of Language‐Specific Grit and Its Conceptual Correlates
Authors: SUDINA EKATERINA , PLONSKY LUKE
Published: November 2021

The emerging interest in grit, referred to as sustained perseverance and passion for reaching long‐term goals and conceptualized as a facet of conscientiousness, has shown that language‐specific grit is positively linked to foreign language (FL) achievement. Evidence from recent studies on intended effort and academic buoyancy—constructs conceptually related to grit—suggests that they also play a meaningful role in FL learning. Drawing on the framework for noncognitive factors in academic performance and academic perseverance in particular, this study examines grit and its conceptual correlates. A total of 360 FL learners responded to a survey assessing their FL grit, conscientiousness, intended effort, and buoyancy. The results demonstrated that grit largely overlapped with intended effort but was found to be conceptually distinct from buoyancy and the industriousness facet of conscientiousness. Contrary to previous research, the consistency‐of‐interest facet of grit demonstrated superior predictive and incremental validity with regard to FL achievement compared to the perseverance‐of‐effort facet. The findings suggest that the role of academic perseverance in FL learning is a fruitful area of investigation that merits further exploration and research.
Blocking Osa‐miR1871 enhances rice resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae and yield
Authors: Li Yan , Li Ting‐Ting , He Xiao‐Rong , Zhu Yong , Feng Qin , Yang Xue‐Mei , Zhou Xin‐Hui , Li Guo‐Bang , Ji Yun‐Peng , Zhao Jing‐Hao , Zhao Zhi‐Xue , Pu Mei , Zhou Shi‐Xin , Zhang Ji‐Wei , Huang Yan‐Yan , Fan Jing , Wang Wen‐Ming
Published: November 2021

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in plant development and defence responses against various stresses. Here, we show that blocking miR1871 improves rice resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae and enhances grain yield simultaneously. The transgenic lines overexpressing miR1871 (OX1871) exhibit compromised resistance, suppressed defence responses and reduced panicle number resulting in slightly decreased yield. In contrast, the transgenic lines blocking miR1871 (MIM1871) show improved resistance, enhanced defence responses and significantly increased panicle number leading to enhanced yield per plant. The RNA‐seq assay and defence response assays reveal that blocking miR1871 resulted in the enhancement of PAMP‐triggered immunity (PTI). Intriguingly, miR1871 suppresses the expression of LOC_Os06g22850, which encodes a microfibrillar‐associated protein (MFAP1) locating nearby the cell wall and positively regulating PTI responses. The mutants of MFAP1 resemble the phenotype of OX1871. Conversely, the transgenic lines overexpressing MFAP1 (OXMFAP1) or overexpressing both MFAP1 and miR1871 (OXMFAP1/OX1871) resemble the resistance of MIM1871. The time‐course experiment data reveal that the expression of miR1871 and MFAP1 in rice leaves, panicles and basal internode is dynamic during the whole growth period to manipulate the resistance and yield traits. Our results suggest that miR1871 regulates rice yield and immunity via MFAP1, and the miR8171‐MFAP1 module could be used in rice breeding to improve both immunity and yield.
A vorticity wave packet breaking within a rapidly rotating vortex. Part II: wave/mean flow interaction
Authors: Caillol Philippe
Published: November 2021

In Part I, the author analyzed the asymmetric structure of a critical layer embedded in a linearly stable, columnar, and axisymmetric vortex on the ‐plane. This structure is the result of the long time asymptotic and slowly varying interaction between a vorticity wave packet and the vortex. He showed that the presence of a critical layer‐induced mean radial velocity led to the formation of a spiraling helical critical layer. Through matched asymptotic expansions, he found an analytical solution of the leading‐order motion equations inside the critical layer. In this paper, he derives the system of the coupled evolution equations of the wave amplitude and the low‐order CL‐induced mean flow on the critical radius in the quasi‐steady regime. The knowledge of the wave amplitude, the leading‐order mean axial and azimuthal velocity, and axial vorticity evolutions can be simply determined from three first‐order differential equations. The main outcome of the first‐order mean flow truncated system resolution is that the wave packet/vortex interaction leads to a fast vorticity wave breaking. The wave amplitude equation contains a coupling term, involving the vertical gradient of the mean axial vorticity located inside the separatrices, and accelerating the breaking. The leading‐order mean rotational and vertical momenta are conserved within the envelope as time proceeds. Numerical simulations nevertheless show that the wave packet and vortex kinetic energies slightly grow inside the envelope before the breaking onset in most of the cases, whereas the vortex was intensifying at the expense of the wave packet in the previous and unsteady interaction. The vertical wind shear strength has the highest effect on the wave/mean flow interaction. When the shear is moderate, it enhances intensification but when it is very large, it prohibits it in both the unsteady and slowly evolving stages. Including the second‐order mean flow in this system could, however, avoid the breaking and would permit the interaction to generate an asymptotic constant‐speed travelling coherent vortical structure.
A Corpus‐based Study of Textual Metaphor in English Academic Writing
Authors: He Qingshun
Published: November 2021

This article conducted a corpus‐based study on the discipline distributions of two types of textual metaphor identified by He et al. (2015) and He and Wen (2017), conjunctionalization of conjunctive adverbs and zero conjunctionalization of hypotactic conjunctions. It is found that conjunctionalization of conjunctive adverbs is more prevalent in soft science texts than in hard science texts and zero conjunctionalization of hypotactic conjunctions is similarly distributed in hard science texts and in soft science texts. However, conjunctionalization of conjunctive adverbs is more prevalent in native English linguistics texts than in EFL Chinese linguistics texts while zero conjunctionalization of hypotactic conjunctions dominates in EFL Chinese linguistics texts because of the relatively lower frequency of hypotactic clause complexes in EFL Chinese linguistics texts. Textual metaphor functions to increase the grammatical intricacy of text and hence is not a characteristic feature of scientific writing. It is hereby concluded that EFL Chinese linguists do not write as technical texts as native English linguists.
Evolutionary history of Massartella (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) suggests ancient vicariant event between biotas of the Pantepui and Atlantic Forest highlands
Authors: Gatti Felipe D. , Salles Frederico F. , Derka Tomáš , Leite Yuri L. R.
Published: November 2021

South America's complex geological and environmental dynamics contributed to the origin of Neotropical biodiversity and shaped the pattern of species distribution on the continent. Massartella Lestage (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae, Atalophlebiinae) is a genus currently composed of five species endemic to South America, with a disjunct distribution, occurring in mountains along the Atlantic Forest and in the Venezuelan Pantepui region. Here, we use Bayesian phylogenetic trees, fossil‐based molecular dating and ancestral range estimation to reconstruct the evolutionary history of Massartella. Results recovered the genus and the Pantepui and Atlantic Forest lineages as reciprocally monophyletic, and suggest that a vicariant event separated populations of the last common ancestor of these clades ca. 66 Ma, between the Middle Cretaceous and the Palaeogene. The diversification processes started at the same time in both lineages, and the reciprocal monophyly of clades indicates no subsequent connections between these areas, or the extinction of intermediates. Mountain biodiversity has the signature of both ancient and recent geoclimatic events and ecological processes that probably were responsible for isolating the Pantepui and Atlantic Forest lineages, as well as the speciation processes within these regions.
Factors associated with wrong blood in tube errors: An international case series – The BEST collaborative study
Authors: Dunbar Nancy M. , Kaufman Richard M. ,   WBIT Study Investigators, The Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative
Published: November 2021

Background

A wrong blood in tube (WBIT) error signifies a blood sample that does not match the patient identified on the sample label. WBIT errors can result in ABO mistransfusions.

Study design and methods

In this international, multicenter, descriptive study, healthcare facilities provided detailed information on WBIT errors occurring from 1/1/2019 to 12/31/2020. Factors contributing to WBIT errors were classified as protocol violations, knowledge gaps, and slips/lapses.

Results

331 WBIT errors were compiled from 36 centers in 11 countries. WBIT errors were most frequently detected through pretransfusion sample testing (191, 58%), with 38 (20%) detected by a second (“check”) sample. WBIT errors were divided almost evenly between intended patient drawn/wrong label applied (166, 50%) and wrong patient drawn/intended label applied (158, 48%). Information on contributing factors was available for 260 WBIT errors; most involved a combination of protocol violations and slips/lapses (139, 53%). The most frequent contributing factor was another patient's sample labels or tubes being available during phlebotomy (61%). Protocol violations were more likely to result in wrong patient being drawn (p = .0007). In 43 WBIT errors, electronic positive patient identification (ePPID) was not used when available or was used incorrectly.

Conclusions

Protocol violations and slips/lapses frequently contribute to WBIT errors. Sample collection processes should be designed to minimize error opportunities; staff should be educated on why protocol compliance is critical for patient safety. Using ePPID does not eliminate all WBIT errors. Institutions using ePPID may elect to require check sample verification as an added safety measure.
More than just methods: Data and insights guide vowel acoustics research
Authors: Clopper Cynthia G. , Mccullough Elizabeth A.
Published: November 2021

The Reflections series takes a look back on historical articles from The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America that have had a significant impact on the science and practice of acoustics.
Exploiting lysosomal advantage in tumors
Authors: Ferrarelli Leslie K.
Published: November 2021

Further stimulating a lysosomal Zn
2+
release channel selectively kills metastatic melanoma cells.
Gene Expression of Diverse Cryptococcus Isolates during Infection of the Human Central Nervous System
Authors: Yu Chen-Hsin , Sephton-Clark Poppy , Tenor Jennifer L. , Toffaletti Dena L. , Giamberardino Charles , Haverkamp Miriam , Cuomo Christina A. , Perfect John R.
Published: November 2021

Cryptococcus
is the most common fungus causing high-morbidity and -mortality human meningitis. This encapsulated yeast has a unique propensity to travel to the central nervous system to produce disease.
The Interplay between the Host Microbiome and Pathogenic Viral Infections
Authors: González Rubén , Elena Santiago F.
Published: November 2021

The microorganisms associated with an organism, the microbiome, have a strong and wide impact in their host biology. In particular, the microbiome modulates both the host defense responses and immunity, thus influencing the fate of infections by pathogens.
The Globular C1q Receptor Is Required for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling during Candida albicans Infection
Authors: Phan Quynh T. , Lin Jianfeng , Solis Norma V. , Eng Michael , Swidergall Marc , Wang Feng , Li Shan , Gaffen Sarah L. , Chou Tsui-Fen , Filler Scott G.
Published: November 2021

Oral epithelial cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of oropharyngeal candidiasis. In addition to being target host cells for
C. albicans
adherence and invasion, they secrete proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that recruit T cells and activated phagocytes to foci of infection.
Patterns and Drivers of
nirK
-Type and
nirS
-Type Denitrifier Community Assembly along an Elevation Gradient
Authors: Kou Yongping , Liu Yanjiao , Li Jiabao , Li Chaonan , Tu Bo , Yao Minjie , Li Xiangzhen
Published: November 2021

Mount Gongga is the highest peak in the Hengduan Mountain region and is located at the southeastern fringe of the Tibetan Plateau, Sichuan Province, southwest China. As a transitional zone between the Tibetan Plateau and Sichuan Basin, Gongga Mountain features particularly diverse topography, geology, climate, and biodiversity and is a globally significant hot spot of biodiversity.
Structure-Aware Mycobacterium tuberculosis Functional Annotation Uncloaks Resistance, Metabolic, and Virulence Genes
Authors: Modlin Samuel J. , Elghraoui Afif , Gunasekaran Deepika , Zlotnicki Alyssa M. , Dillon Nicholas A. , Dhillon Nermeeta , Kuo Norman , Robinhold Cassidy , Chan Carmela K. , Baughn Anthony D. , Valafar Faramarz
Published: November 2021

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, the primary causative agent of tuberculosis, kills more humans than any other infectious bacterium. Yet 40% of its genome is functionally uncharacterized, leaving much about the genetic basis of its resistance to antibiotics, capacity to withstand host immunity, and basic metabolism yet undiscovered.
Genomic Epidemiology and Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
from Bloodstream Infections in China
Authors: Jin Ye , Zhou Wangxiao , Zhan Qing , Zheng Beiwen , Chen Yunbo , Luo Qixia , Shen Ping , Xiao Yonghong
Published: November 2021

As a developing country, China has an unbalanced health care system due to regional differences in economic development. However, China is also a country worthy of study with regard to the population dynamics of MRSA within the more resource-rich health care systems.
Lithium isotopic composition of soil pore water: Responses to evapotranspiration
Authors: Xu Zhewen , Li Tao , Li Gaojun , Hedding David W. , Wang Yunqiang , Gou Long-Fei , Zhao Liang , Chen Jun
Published: November 2021

Lithium isotopes show great potential to trace Earth surface processes due to the large mass discrimination between 6Li and 7Li associated with clay uptake. However, factors controlling the Li isotopic composition (δ7Li) of river water, especially those with a water-bedrock δ7Li difference higher than that of the equilibrium fractionation associated with clay formation (ΔW-C), have not yet been fully resolved. Traditional interpretation involves the Rayleigh distillation, but it unrealistically separates the stage of clay formation from that of silicate dissolution using fractionation factors that are much lower than laboratories can constrain. We propose an in situ mechanism that simulates high δ7Li by evapotranspiration. A model with coupled mineral dissolution and clay precipitation shows that evaporative enrichment of pore-water Li progressively increases the incorporation of Li into clays with light δ7Li, resulting in higher δ7Li values in the residual water than ΔW-C. We also provide evidence from the Chinese Loess Plateau, where an evaporative effect readily explains the observed δ7Li. The influence of evapotranspiration on riverine δ7Li implies that changes in aridity may partly explain the variations of seawater δ7Li. The same principle may also apply to other stable isotopic systems whereby incorporation into secondary precipitates controls the isotopic fractionation.
Giant meandering channel evolution, Campos deep-water salt basin, Brazil
Authors: Covault Jacob A. , Sylvester Zoltán , Ceyhan Can , Dunlap Dallas B.
Published: November 2021

Submarine channels are conduits for sediment delivery to continental margins, and channel deposits can be sandy components of the fill in tectonically active salt basins. Examples of salt-withdrawal basin fill commonly show successions of sandy channelized or sheet-like systems alternating with more mud-rich mass-transport complexes and hemipelagites. This alternation of depositional styles is controlled by subsidence and sediment-supply histories. Salt-basin fill comprising successions of largely uninterrupted meandering-channel deposition are less commonly recognized. This begs the questions: can sediment supply be large enough to overwhelm basin subsidence and result in a thick succession of channel deposits, and, if so, how would such a channel system evolve? Here, we use three-dimensional seismic-reflection data from a >1500 km2 region with salt-influenced topography in the Campos Basin, offshore Brazil, to evaluate the influence of salt diapirs on an Upper Cretaceous–Paleogene giant meandering submarine-channel system (channel elements >1 km wide; meander wavelengths several kilometers to >10 km). The large scale of the channels in the Campos Basin suggests that sediment discharge was large enough to sustain the meandering channel system in spite of large variability in subsidence across the region. We interpreted 22 channel centerlines to reconstruct the detailed kinematic evolution of this depositional system; this level of detail is akin to that of recent studies of meandering fluvial channels in time-lapse Landsat satellite images. The oldest channel elements are farther from salt diapirs than many of the younger ones; the centerlines of the older channel elements exhibit a correlation between curvature and migration rate, and a spatial delay between locations of peak curvature and maximum migration distance, similar to that observed in rivers. As many of the younger channel centerlines expanded toward nearby salt diapirs, their migration pattern switched to downstream translation as a result of partial confinement. Channel segments that docked against salt diapirs became less mobile, and, as a result, they do not show a correlation between curvature and migration rate. The channel migration pattern in the Campos Basin is different compared to that of a tectonically quiescent continental rise where meander evolution is unobstructed. This style of channelized basin filling is different from that of many existing examples of salt-withdrawal minibasins that are dominated by overall less-channelized deposits. This difference might be a result of the delivery of voluminous coarse sediment and high discharge of channel-forming turbidity currents to the Campos Basin from rivers draining actively uplifting coastal mountains of southeastern Brazil. Detailed kinematic analysis of such well-preserved channels can be used to reconstruct the impact of structural deformation on basin fill.
MELAS syndrome: an acute stroke-like episode complicated by renal tubular acidosis
Authors: Ni Cathain Dearbhail , Browne Emmet , Skehan Kieran , Boyle Karl
Published: November 2021

MELAS, a mitochondrially inherited multisystem disorder, can present with acute stroke-like episodes. The literature thus far supports the use of L-arginine therapy in acute MELAS flares to alleviate and shorten the duration of symptoms. This is the case of a patient who presented with ataxia and worsening confusion on a background of genetically confirmed MELAS syndrome. In this instance, intravenous L-arginine therapy, along with corticosteroids, was administered in keeping with best practice. However, in a metabolically vulnerable patient, L-arginine therapy resulted in a further deterioration in his clinical status and the development of a non-anion gap metabolic acidosis.
Giant cell arteritis characterised by sore throat
Authors: Turner Kiera Brigh , Wideroff Jonathan , Brickman Lawrence
Published: November 2021

Giant cell arteritis is a devastating condition that can lead to permanent vision loss. Early diagnosis is vital to initiate corticosteroid treatment before irreversible visual symptoms develop. This case study examines an 81-year-old woman with a history of polymyalgia rheumatica who initially presented with sore throat and headache. She was ultimately diagnosed with giant cell arteritis. However, her diagnosis was delayed by multiple emergency and outpatient providers who failed to evaluate her for giant cell arteritis. Her story reflects the importance of assessing polymyalgia rheumatica patients for giant cell arteritis even when presenting with more unusual symptoms, such as sore throat.
Double exotic state productions in pion and kaon induced reactions
Authors: Liu Jing , Chen Dian-Yong , He Jun
Published: November 2021

In the present work, we investigate the pion/kaon induced $$P_c/P_{cs}$$

P
c

/

P

cs

productions with $$Z_c$$

Z
c

state off proton target with an effective Lagrangian approach. Our estimations indicate that the cross sections depend on the model parameters and beam energies, in particular, the cross sections for $$\pi p \rightarrow Z_c(3900) P_c(4312)$$

π
p
→

Z
c

(
3900
)

P
c

(
4312
)

and $$\pi p \rightarrow Z_c(3900) P_c(4440)$$

π
p
→

Z
c

(
3900
)

P
c

(
4440
)

are similar and can reach up to 10 nb, while those for $$\pi p \rightarrow Z_c(3900) P_c(4457)$$

π
p
→

Z
c

(
3900
)

P
c

(
4457
)

can be 30 nb. As for $$Kp \rightarrow Z_{cs}(3985)P_c$$

K
p
→

Z

cs

(
3985
)

P
c

, the cross sections are about 2.5 times smaller than those for $$\pi p \rightarrow Z_c(3900) P_c$$

π
p
→

Z
c

(
3900
)

P
c

. The discussed processes in the present work, especially $$\pi p \rightarrow Z_c(3900) P_c(4457)$$

π
p
→

Z
c

(
3900
)

P
c

(
4457
)

process, may be accessible by the high-energy pion and kaon beams in the facilities of J-PARC and COMPASS.
A New Concept of Electronic Text Based on Semantic Coding System for Machine Translation
Authors: Eddine Meftah Mohammed Charaf
Published: November 2021

In the field of machine translation of texts, the ambiguity in both lexical (dictionary) and structural aspects is still one of the difficult problems. Researchers in this field use different approaches, the most important of which is machine learning in its various types. The goal of the approach that we propose in this article is to define a new concept of electronic text, which makes the electronic text free from any lexical or structural ambiguity. We used a semantic coding system that relies on attaching the original electronic text (via the text editor interface) with the meanings intended by the author. The author defines the meaning desired for each word that can be a source of ambiguity. The proposed approach in this article can be used with any type of electronic text (text processing applications, web pages, email text, etc.). Thanks to the approach that we propose and through the experiments that we have conducted using it, we can obtain a very high accuracy rate. We can say that the problem of lexical and structural ambiguity can be completely solved. With this new concept of electronic text, the text file contains not only the text but also with it the true sense of the exact meaning intended by the writer in the form of symbols. These semantic symbols are used during machine translation to obtain a translated text completely free of any lexical and structural ambiguity.
Sedum sarmentosum Bunge Attenuates Drug-Induced Liver Injury via Nrf2 Signaling Pathway: An Experimental Verification Based on Network Pharmacology Prediction
Authors: Jiang Zhitao , Han Yi , Zhang Yuechan , Li Jie , Liu Chundi
Published: November 2021

Purpose. Using network pharmacology and in vivo experiments, we investigated the antidrug-induced liver injury components and functional processes of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge (SSBE). Methods. The effective components, primary active ingredients, and possible target in the therapy of DILI were predicted using network pharmacology and bioinformatics. APAP was inducing the DILI model. In vivo testing of the pharmacodynamic foundation of SSBE in the treatment of DILI was performed. Results. The TCMSP database evaluated five main active components and 299 related targets. In addition, 707 differential genes for DILI were obtained from the DisGeNET database, DigSee database, and OMIM database. 61 related targets were mapped to predict the targets of SSBE acting on DILI. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) core network contained 59 proteins, including IL-β, MARK14, SSP1, and MMP9. These genes are closely related to the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, and they may play a key role in the hepatoprotective effect of SSBE. Verification experiment results showed that, in the DILI mouse model, SSBE promoted inflammation diminution and regulation of Nrf2-ARE cascade. SSBE protected normal hepatocyte growth and inhibited apoptosis of normal liver cells induced by APAP. SSBE inhibited the expression of Nrf2 and ARE proteins in the liver tissue of the DILI mouse model in vivo. Conclusion. By modulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, the active components in SSBE may protect against drug-induced liver damage.
Optimization of the PNG Law for a Dual-Spin Mortar with Fixed Canards
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Cao Hongsong , Feng Shunshan , Liu Hengzhu , Cao Lifei
Published: November 2021

The limited instantaneous overload available and the curved trajectory lead to adaptivity problems for the proportional navigation guidance (PNG) of a guided mortar with a fixed-canard trajectory correction fuze. In this paper, the optimization of a PNG law with gravity compensation is established. Instead of using the traditional empirical method, the selection of the proportional navigation constants is formulated as an optimization problem, which is solved using an intelligent optimization algorithm. Two optimization schemes are proposed for constructing corresponding optimization models. In schemes 1 and 2, the sum squared error between the impact point and target and the circular error probability (CEP), respectively, are taken as the objective function. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the two optimization schemes, and their guidance performance is compared through trajectory simulations. The simulation results show that the impact point dispersion can be efficiently reduced under both proposed schemes. Scheme 2 achieves a lower CEP, which is approximately 2.9 m and 2.4 times smaller than that achieved by scheme 1. Moreover, the mean impact point is closer to the target.
Long-Term Outcome of Eyes with Vitrectomy for Submacular and/or Vitreous Hemorrhage in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Kawakami Setsuko , Wakabayashi Yoshihiro , Umazume Kazuhiko , Usui Yoshihiko , Muramatsu Daisuke , Agawa Tsuyoshi , Yamamoto Kaori , Goto Hiroshi
Published: November 2021

Purpose. To study long-term clinical outcomes in patients with submacular hemorrhage (SMH) and/or vitreous hemorrhage (VH) associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and the real-world clinical situation of adding anti-VEGF therapy after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Methods. In this retrospective case series, 25 eyes with SMH and/or VH associated with nAMD were treated by PPV and followed up for at least 24 months. When exudative changes were unresolved or recurred after PPV, additional intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy was given. Results. The reasons for performing PPV were SMH (8 eyes) and VH (17 eyes) associated with nAMD. Mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of eyes with SMH improved significantly at 6 months (

P
<
0.01

) and 12 months (

P
<
0.05

) after PPV. Mean BCVA of eyes with VH improved at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months (

P
<
0.01

) and at the final visit (

P
<
0.05

). Post-PPV anti-VEGF therapy was initiated in 6 of 8 (75.0%) eyes with SMH and 7 of 17 (47.1%) eyes with VH. Of the 13 eyes given anti-VEGF therapy after PPV, 11 eyes had anti-VEGF therapy initiated within 10 months after surgery. Dry macula rate after PPV was 50.0% in SMH and 70.6% in VH. Conclusions. BCVA improved in eyes with SMH at 6 and 12 months after PPV, and the BCVA was maintained until the end of the study. BCVA improved significantly in eyes with VH at all time points after PPV. In eyes undergoing PPV for nAMD, recurrence of exudative changes after 11 months from the initial PPV was rare.
A Generative Adversarial Network Model Based on Intelligent Data Analytics for Music Emotion Recognition under IoT
Authors: Huang I.-Sheng , Lu Yu-Hsuan , Shafiq Muhammad , Ali Laghari Asif , Yadav Rahul
Published: November 2021

The popularity of the Internet has brought the rapid development of artificial intelligence, affective computing, Internet of things (IoT), and other technologies. Particularly, the development of IoT provides more references for the realization of smart home. However, when people have achieved a certain amount of material satisfaction, they are more likely to want to communicate emotionally. Music contains a lot of emotion information. Music data is an important communication way between people and a better way to convey emotions. Therefore, it has become one of the most convenient and natural interactive ways expected by people in intelligent human-computer interaction. Traditional music emotion recognition methods have some demerits such as low recognition rate and time-consuming. So, we propose a generative adversarial network (GAN) model based on intelligent data analytics for music emotion recognition under IoT. Driven by the double-channel fusion strategy, the GAN can effectively extract the local and global features of the image or voice. Meanwhile, in order to increase the feature difference between the emotional voices, the feature data matrix of the Meyer frequency cepstrum coefficient of the music signals is transformed to improve the expression ability of the GAN. The experiment results show that the proposed model can effectively recognize the music emotion. Compared with other state-of-the-art approaches, the error recognition rate of proposed music music data recognition is greatly reduced. In terms of the accuracy, it exceeds 87% which is higher than that of other methods.
On the Chebyshev Polynomial for a Certain Class of Analytic Univalent Functions
Authors: Najafzadeh Shahram , Acu Mugur
Published: November 2021

In this work, by considering the Chebyshev polynomial of the first and second kind, a new subclass of univalent functions is defined. We obtain the coefficient estimate, extreme points, and convolution preserving property. Also, we discuss the radii of starlikeness, convexity, and close-to-convexity.
Revealing the Mechanism of Friedelin in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification
Authors: Shi Bei , Liu Suxian , Huang Aoshuang , Zhou Mengyun , Sun Boyun , Cao Hui , Shan Jingyi , Sun Bo , Lin Jiang
Published: November 2021

Objectives. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the colon, and its incidence is rising worldwide. This study was designed to uncover the healing effect of friedelin, a bioactive compound against UC through bioinformatics of network pharmacology and experimental verification of UC model mice. Materials and Methods. Targets of friedelin and potential mechanism of friedelin on UC were predicted through target searching, PPI network establishing, and enrichment analyzing. We explored effects of friedelin on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Severity of UC was investigated by body weight, disease activity index (DAI), and length of the colon. Inflammation severity was examined by determination of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The numbers of autophagosome around the epithelial cells were observed by autophagy inhibition via a transmission electron microscope. The expressions of autophagy-related ATG5 protein and AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway were determined by immunofluorescence staining. Results. In this study, 17 potential targets of friedelin and 1111 UC-related targets were identified. 10 therapeutic targets of friedelin against UC were acquired from overlapped targets of UC and friedelin. PPI network construction filtered 14 core targets through target amplification and confidence enhancement. The results of molecular docking showed that the docking scores of the top 5 active targets were higher than the threshold values. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were carried out, showing friedelin alleviates UC through anti-inflammatory pathways and molecular function of autophagy. Subsequently, animal-based experiments revealed the intraperitoneal injection of friedelin ameliorated DSS-induced body weight loss, DAI decrease, colon length shortening and colonic pathological damage with lower myeloperoxidase and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and higher IL-10 levels, and more autophagosomes in transmission electron microscope results. The AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway plays important role in the friedelin’s effect in autophagy as KEGG pathway result and experiment verification. Furthermore, the 3 ma validated the role of autophagy as an improvement in the friedelin’s pharmacologic effect to UC model mice. Conclusions. Friedelin ameliorated DSS-induced colitis in mice through of inflammatory inhibition and regulation of autophagy.
Differential Game Analysis on University-Enterprise Cooperation considering Social Responsibility
Authors: Xu Shiqi , Fan Yuejin
Published: November 2021

Aiming at not only economic benefits but also social benefits in university-enterprise cooperation, this paper considers both technological innovation and social responsibility in university-enterprise cooperation. By using differential game theory, this paper provides three models of Nash noncooperative game, Stackelberg game, and cooperative game and discusses the impact of these three models on university-enterprise cooperation. Our results show that the Stackelberg game model can improve the innovation level of the university based on innovation cost-sharing and does not change the social responsibility level of the university without sharing the social cost. Among the three game models, the cooperative game model can bring the greatest innovation level and social responsibility level to the university-enterprise cooperation and make the whole system realize Pareto optimal. Our research can provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for university-enterprise cooperation.
Image Recognition of Pledges of Capital Stock in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises Based on Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Zhou Dehui
Published: November 2021

Image recognition is one of the core research directions in the field of computer vision research, which can be divided into general image recognition and fine-grained image recognition. General image recognition refers to the recognition of different types of objects; fine-grained image recognition refers to the recognition of different subclasses in the same broad class of objects, such as SME financing inventory pledge image recognition. In this paper, we propose a partial differential equation-based image recognition method for SME financing inventory pledges and conduct detailed analysis and experiments. Compared with general images, partial differential equation-based SME financing inventory pledges image recognition is difficult to recognize due to data characteristics such as small differences in features between classes, large differences in features within classes, and a small percentage of targets in the image. To address the problem that existing methods ignore the role of shallow features on fine-grained image recognition, this paper proposes a fine-grained image recognition method based on partial differential equations. By analyzing the important role of shallow features for fine-grained image recognition, a feature fusion method with adaptive weights is proposed. Using this method to fuse shallow and high-level semantic features for recognition, the role of shallow features in fine-grained image recognition is fully exploited. In addition, the proposed method does not change the order of magnitude of the model parameters and is highly transferable. The relevant experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Preventive Value of Acupoint Sensitization for Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Positive-Controlled, Multicentre Trial
Authors: Huang Shourui , Li Ling , Liu Jiali , Li Xiujuan , Shi Qingyang , Li Ying , Liu Yanping , Li Mingxiu , Ma Li , Ning Liang , Liao Xiaoyang , Ying Xihui , Cai Weiye , Yang Fuyu , Wang Tengfei , Guo Ru , Ma Weijie , Chen Wenzhu , Chen Jin , Sun Xin
Published: November 2021

Background. Acupoint sensitization is considered an important factor in the efficacy of acupoint therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of acupressure in the prevention of stable angina pectoris using acupoints with different pressure-pain sensitivities. Methods. A total of 202 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to a high-sensitivity group (HSG) (n = 109) in which patients received acupressure at the five acupoints with the highest sensitivity to pain and a low-sensitivity group (LSG) (n = 93) in which patients received acupressure at the five acupoints with the lowest sensitivity to pain. The duration of acupressure treatment was 4 weeks, and the patients were evaluated at baseline, week 4, and week 8. The primary outcome was a change in the frequency of angina attacks from baseline. The secondary outcomes included nitroglycerin consumption, the Canadian Cardiovascular Society classification, and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire score. Adverse events such as bleeding and subcutaneous haemorrhage were recorded in both groups. Results. The effect of acupressure compared with baseline on the prevention of angina pectoris in HSG was better than that in LSG at week 4 (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.691 and 95% confidence interval (CI): [0.569, 0.839]) and week 8 (IRR: 0.692 and 95% CI: [0.569, 0.839]). No significant difference between groups was found in the frequency of nitroglycerin consumption at week 4 (odds ratio (OR) = 0.863 and 95% CI: [0.147, 5.077]) or week 8 (OR = 1.426 and 95% CI: [0.211, 9.661]). Two themes in the questionnaire showed significantly different changes from baseline between the two groups. Scores on the angina frequency (AF) subscale had changed more from the baseline in the HSG at week 8 than in the LSG (mean difference (MD) = 3.807 and 95% CI: [0.673, 6.942]). Scores on the treatment satisfaction (TS) subscale had also changed more in the HSG than in the LSG at week 4 (MD = 3.651 and 95% CI: [0.327, 7.327]) and week 8 (MD = 4.220 and 95% CI: [0.347, 7.346]). One patient in the LSG reported bruising at the acupoint. No unexpected safety problems arose. Conclusions. This study showed that acupressure at acupoints with high sensitivity to pain may effectively reduce the frequency of stable angina pectoris episodes. This trial is registered with NCT03975140.
Hypermethylation of DLG3 Promoter Upregulates RAC1 and Activates the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway to Promote Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Liu Bingbing , Xu Yanning , Zhang Lin , Yang Xue , Chen Ling , Liu Yixin
Published: November 2021

Objective. This investigation aimed to figure out the relation between discs large homolog 3 (DLG3) expression and the progression and prognosis of breast cancer (BC). Methods. qRT-PCR was utilized for confirming DLG3 expression and RAC1 mRNA expression in BC tissues and cells. Subsequently, after overexpression or interference of DLG3, the changes of the biological activities of BC cells, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, were detected through CCK-8, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, western blotting was utilized to measure the protein expression of DLG3 and RAC1, as well as related proteins of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Results. At both cellular and tissue level in BC, DLG3 was downregulated and methylation level was upregulated; RAC1 showed an opposite change and was of a negative correlation with DLG3. In MCF-7 and HCC1937, we found that the upregulation of DLG3 could inhibit RAC1 expression as well as cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT, while promoting apoptosis. Also, DLG3 inhibited the activation of the P13K/AKT pathway. Conclusion. Hypermethylation of DLG3 promoter upregulates RAC1 and activates the PI3K/AKT pathway, thus promoting BC progression. This conclusion provides ideas and experimental basis for improving and treating BC patients.
The Feasibility of Tai Chi Exercise as a Beneficial Mind-Body Intervention in a Group of Community-Dwelling Stroke Survivors with Symptoms of Depression
Authors: Taylor-Piliae Ruth E. , Morrison Helena W. , Hsu Chiu-Hsieh (Paul) , Whitman Susan , Grandner Michael
Published: November 2021

Depression is prevalent among one-third to two-thirds of acute and chronic stroke survivors. Despite the availability of pharmacotherapies and/or psychotherapies, depression persists, even for 5–10 years after stroke, reflecting limited treatment responses and/or adherence to this conventional care. Mind-body interventions are commonly used among adults to ameliorate depressive symptoms. Thus, the feasibility of Tai Chi, alongside conventional care, to manage poststroke depression was investigated using a single-group pre-post intervention design. Recruitment and retention, intervention adherence, safety, acceptability, and fidelity were assessed. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed using standardized questionnaires, objective sleep was assessed via a research-grade triaxial accelerometer, and blood samples were taken to measure oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and a neurotrophic growth factor using commercially available kits per manufacturer’s protocol. Pre-post intervention changes were assessed using paired t-tests. We enrolled stroke survivors (N = 11, mean age = 69.7 ± 9.3) reporting depression symptoms. After the intervention, we observed significant reductions in symptoms of depression (−5.3 ± 5.9,

p
=
0.01

), anxiety (−2.2 ± 2.4,

p
=
0.01

), and stress (−4.6 ± 4.8,

p
=
0.01

), along with better sleep efficiency (+1.8 ± 1.8,

p
=
0.01

), less wakefulness after sleep onset (−9.3 ± 11.6,

p
=
0.04

), and less time awake (−9.3 ± 11.6,

p
=
0.04

). There was a 36% decrease in oxidative stress (

p
=
0.02

), though no significant changes in the other biomarkers were found (all

p

values >0.05). Tai Chi exercise is a feasible intervention that can be used alongside conventional care to manage poststroke depression, aid in reducing symptoms of anxiety and stress, and improve sleep.
Classification of Long‐Tailed Data Based on Bilateral‐Branch Generative Network with Time‐Supervised Strategy
Authors: Huang Yalin , Zhu Yan-Hui , Zhigao Zeng , Ou Yangkang , Kong Lingwei
Published: November 2021

In the face of the long‐tailed data distribution that widely exists in real‐world datasets, this paper proposes a bilateral‐branch generative network model. The data of the second branch is constructed by resampling the generative network training method to improve the data quality. A bilateral‐branch network model is used to curb the risk of gradient explosion and to avoid over‐fitting and under‐fitting with the combined effect of different data branches. Meanwhile, Time‐supervised strategy is introduced to improve the model′s operational efficiency and ability to cope with extreme conditions by supervising and collaboratively controlling of the bilateral‐branch generative network with time‐invariant parameters. Time supervised strategy could ensure the accuracy of the model while reducing the number of iterations. Experimental results on two publicly available datasets, CIFAR10 and CIFAR100, show that the proposed method effectively improves the performance of long‐tail data classification.
New Results on the Forgotten Topological Index and Coindex
Authors: Jahanbani Akbar , Atapour Maryam , Khoeilar Rana
Published: November 2021

The

ℱ

-coindex (forgotten topological coindex) for a simple connected graph

G

is defined as the sum of the terms

ζ
G
2

y

+

ζ
G
2

x

over all nonadjacent vertex pairs

x
,
y

of

G

, where

ζ

G

y

and

ζ

G

x

are the degrees of the vertices

y

and

x

in

G

, respectively. The

ℱ

-index of a graph is defined as the sum of cubes of the vertex degrees of the graph. This was introduced in 1972 in the same paper where the first and second Zagreb indices were introduced to study the structure dependency of total

π

-electron energy. Therefore, considering the importance of the

ℱ

-index and

ℱ

-coindex, in this paper, we study these indices, and we present new bounds for the

ℱ

-index and

ℱ

-coindex.
Evaluating the Impact of Social and Built Environments on Health-Related Quality of Life among Cancer Survivors
Authors: Chu Janet N. , Canchola Alison J. , Keegan Theresa H.M. , Nickell Alyssa , Oakley-Girvan Ingrid , Hamilton Ann S. , Yu Rosa L. , Gomez Scarlett Lin , Shariff-Marco Salma
Published: November 2021

Background:

With almost 17 million U.S. cancer survivors, understanding multilevel factors impacting health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is critical to improving survivorship outcomes. Few studies have evaluated neighborhood impact on HRQOL among cancer survivors.

Methods:

We combined sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral data from three registry-based studies in California. Using a three-level mixed linear regression model (participants nested within block groups and study/regions), we examined associations of both independent neighborhood attributes and neighborhood archetypes, which capture interactions inherent among neighborhood attributes, with two HRQOL outcomes, physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) composite scores.

Results:

For the 2,477 survivors, 46% were 70+ years, 52% were non-Hispanic White, and 53% had localized disease. In models minimally adjusted for age, stage, and cancer recurrence, HRQOL was associated with neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES), racial/ethnic composition, population density, street connectivity, restaurant environment index, traffic density, urbanicity, crowding, rental properties, and non–single family units. In fully adjusted models, higher nSES remained associated with better PCS, and restaurant environment index, specifically more unhealthy restaurants, associated with worse MCS. In multivariable-adjusted models of neighborhood archetype, compared with upper middle-class suburb, Hispanic small town and inner city had lower PCS, and high status had higher MCS.

Conclusions:

Among survivors, higher nSES was associated with better HRQOL; more unhealthy restaurants were associated with worse HQROL. As some neighborhood archetypes were associated with HRQOL, they provide an approach to capture how neighborhood attributes interact to impact HRQOL.

Impact:

Elucidating the pathways through which neighborhood attributes influence HRQOL is important in improving survivorship outcomes.