bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Attitudes of Muslims Towards Muslim Women In Prisons
Authors: Abdul Aziz Shamhuna
Published: October 2024

The Prisons across the world are meant to serve the interest of the human society. This is to help the society punish its non-law abiding citizens. In the early societies the believed in revenge, torture, the removal of offenders from the midst of ‘good people’ and even execution were common. As civilization occurs, the idea of punishment, torture and even execution have been substituted with reform and transformation. This change was important by the rights of prisoners instituted by the United Nations. Base on the above information, the conditions of many prisons in Ghana as well as the prisoners are nothing to write home about. Prisoners’ rights and freedoms are always infringed upon of which Muslim Women Prisoners are most often the victims. This article sought to find out the attitudes of Muslims towards Muslim Women in the Prisons. It was among the main objectives of the work to find out, the attitudes of Muslims towards Muslim women in the Prisons, whether the Muslim women were accorded the right respect in society, especially after serving their prison terms, right to practice their religion, whether there was any religious education available to the Muslim women in the prisons, and find the general conditions in the Prisons. The work used qualitative methods. Questionnaires were administered to the Muslim women prisoners, Muslims, Islamic Scholars and Prison officers, in order to gather the data. The data was afterward analyzed. After the research, it was realized that Muslim women in the prisons had the chance to practice their religious duties. They also had religious education as well as visiting scholars. The conditions of the prisons were very bad and the inmates had insufficient food, water and medical care.
Optimization of Social Media as a Marketing Tool at PT. Indonesian Travel Amanah
Authors: NY Erlina Satri , Widodo Slamet
Published: October 2024

This research aims to find out how to optimize social media as a marketing tool at PT. Amanah Travel Indonesia, a company that focuses on Umrah travel services. The research method used is qualitative research with a research design, namely a case study. The research results show that the use of social media such as Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube is very effective in increasing brand awareness, interaction with potential congregants, and sales. An interesting content strategy, consistent posting, and active interaction with the audience are proven to strengthen relationships with customers. This research confirms the importance of integrating various social media elements to achieve optimal marketing effectiveness.
EFECTIVIDAD DE LA TERAPIA ANTIBIÓTICA EN PACIENTES ADULTOS CON APENDICITIS AGUDA EN DOS HOSPITALES DE BOGOTÁ
Authors: Borda Juan Sebastián
Published: October 2024

Objetivo. Evaluar la efectividad de la terapia antibiótica en la disminución de complicaciones postoperatorias por apendicitis aguda. Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y observacional de serie de casos, de 195 historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico y cirugía de apendicitis aguda en 2020 en dos hospitales de Bogotá. Se identificó el riesgo de respuesta inflamatoria a la apendicitis por la escala AIR Score y la efectividad del tratamiento antibiótico. Resultados. El 96% de los pacientes tuvo un riesgo entre intermedio y alto. El 68% de la efectividad se obtuvo entre la monoterapia y la duoterapia. Los casos asociados a la inefectividad fueron 5,2% por infección del sitio operatorio y 4,6% por reintervención quirúrgica, con diferencias entre la escala de riesgo y la terapia antibiótica. Discusión. La tasa de efectividad en la monoterapia y la duoterapia sugiere la necesidad de estudios complementarios de corte analítico orientados a la elección de la terapia antibiótica. Conclusión. La escala de riesgo y el esquema antibiótico son variables importantes asociadas a la disminución de las complicaciones postoperatorias por apendicitis.
PIEDRA LIBRE PARA LA IGG4
Authors: Manigot Daniel Alberto
Published: October 2024

Desde la identificación de la IgG4 se han publicado miles de trabajos que demuestran su asociación con numerosas enfermedades. Sin embargo, en la mayoría de los casos no se la considera un elemento diagnóstico. A modo de ejemplo, relatamos tres casos clínicos que ilustran la falta de consideración de la enfermedad relacionada con la IgG4 (ERIgG4) en la práctica médica cotidiana. En el primer caso, un paciente con obstrucción biliar presentó mejoría tras un drenaje, pero posteriormente desarrolló complicaciones y falleció, con un alto nivel de IgG4 en su sangre detectado después de su muerte. En los otros casos, en pacientes con diversas enfermedades no se consideró la ERIgG4 en su diagnóstico y tratamiento, a pesar de la presencia de síntomas y hallazgos clínicos sugestivos. La falta de conciencia sobre la ERIgG4 en la comunidad médicalleva a su subdiagnóstico y subtratamiento, a pesar de su creciente reconocimiento en la literatura médica. Se menciona que, aunque los criterios de diagnóstico incluyen la concentración sérica de IgG4 y la marcación tisular de células IgG4+, estos no se utilizan rutinariamente en la práctica clínica. Se especula sobre las posibles razones de esta falta de reconocimiento, incluyendo el temor a errores diagnósticos y la falta de impacto mediático de la enfermedad. Se hace hincapié en la importancia de considerar la ERIgG4 en el diagnóstico diferencial de diversas enfermedades multisistémicas, así como en la necesidad de una mayor conciencia y disponibilidad de pruebas diagnósticas, para mejorar el manejo de esta patología. Se insta a la comunidad médica a incluir la ERIgG4 en sus consideraciones diagnósticas y a promover su investigación y tratamiento adecuado de los pacientes con valores similares.
OLIGOARTRITIS, FALLA RENAL Y GLOMERULOPATÍA
Authors: Picotti Carla
Published: October 2024

La glomerulopatía colapsante (GC) es una enfermedad glomerular poco frecuente. Aunque se ha considerado como una variante de la glomeruloesclerosis focal y segmentaria, lo cierto es que las lesiones podocíticas muestran características diferentes respecto de la típica glomeruloesclerosis focal y segmentaria, aspecto que se ha atribuido a un tipo de podocitopatía (1). El término “glomerulopatía colapsante” fue acuñado inicialmente por Weiss y colaboradores en 1986, cuando describieron seis pacientes afroamericanos con síndrome nefrótico, insuficiencia renal rápidamente progresiva y colapso glomerular (2). Clínicamente, la GC se caracteriza por predominio racial negro, síndrome nefrótico e insuficiencia renal rápidamente progresiva (3). A continuación se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de etnia blanca de 59 años que consultó por edema bilateral en la articulación de la muñeca y metacarpofalángica con hallazgo de falla renal aguda en el contexto de un síndrome nefrótico (SN).Se realizó biopsia, cuyo resultado fue: GC. Se expone el caso por la infrecuencia de esta entidad y la importancia de sospecharla frente a SN con caída del filtrado en un paciente adulto dado su mal pronóstico y rápida progresión a insuficiencia renal terminal.
LIPODERMOESCLEROSIS EN UN PACIENTE ONCOLÓGICO: A PROPÓSITO DE UN CASO
Authors: Sganzetta María Soledad
Published: October 2024

La lipodermoesclerosis, también conocida como paniculitis esclerosa o hipodermitis esclerodermatoforme, es un trastorno inflamatorio crónico caracterizado por fibrosis subcutánea e induración de la piel en las extremidades inferiores. Suele manifestarse en mujeres de mediana edad, con historia personal de insuficiencia venosa o isquemia arterial. Comienza como una placa dolorosa, eritematosa y poco limitada, que compromete una o ambas piernas generalmente a nivel del maléolo medial. En su fase crónica, la piel está hiperpigmentada, indurada y retraída. Esto puede originar la constricción de la región del tobillo, dando a la pierna la forma característica de “botella de champán” invertida. La lipodermoesclerosis puede remedar otros cuadros como celulitis, eritema nodoso, dermatitis por estasis y vasculitis de vaso mediano. Estos cuadros pueden asociarse al tratamiento oncológico, por lo que diferenciarlos es importante para reducir el uso de antibióticos, hospitalizaciones, gasto en la atención médica e interrupciones en el tratamiento quimioterápico.
The Charm of Borobudur Temple Architecture: Perspectives of Foreign Narrators in Understanding Indonesian Cultural Heritage
Authors: Saddhono Kundharu , Sukmono Indriyo , Saputra Aldi Dwi , Wardana Muhammad Aditya Wisnu
Published: October 2024

Borobudur Temple is one of UNESCO's World Heritage sites and an iconic pride of Indonesia's culture and history. Its magnificent architecture and meaningful reliefs intrigue foreign visitors who come to visit. Foreign visitors' understanding of the architectural charm and cultural heritage of Borobudur Temple is
still underexplored. This research explores the perspectives of foreign visitors in understanding Borobudur Temple architecture and its contribution to the understanding of Indonesia's cultural heritage.
The research employs a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were obtained from document analysis, observations, and in-depth interviews with foreign visitors touring the Borobudur Temple. Data is validated using triangulation. Findings show that foreign visitors are fascinated by the beauty and grandeur of the Borobudur Temple, which is a heritage from the ancestors of Indonesia. They derive four values: religious values, historical values, architectural values, and artistic values. In addition, factors such as available information, tour guides, tourist guides, and friendly interactions with local communities also influence the positive experience of foreign visitors when touring the Temple. This research concludes that Borobudur Temple plays an important role in introducing and deepening the understanding of Indonesian culture in the eyes of the world. The management of the Temple as a cultural site is crucial in enhancing the experiences of the tourists. These findings will serve as a reference for tourism destination managers and policymakers in designing strategies for the preservation and promotion of Indonesia's cultural heritage.
Foreign experience of institutional support of the law enforcement system
Authors: Kozar Maksym
Published: October 2024

The article deals with the issue of ensuring the national security of each State is one of the main problems of our time. Today, foreign countries have significant experience in both investigative and procedural actions and preventive measures, which should be a priority for law enforcement agencies of Ukraine. European countries have considerable experience in building law enforcement systems. This is due to the historical features and development of civilisation in these countries. It is worth noting that the law enforcement systems of the European Union countries have been transformed quite often, but at the same time, some law enforcement agencies in some countries are more than 100 years old.
Today, in the context of modernisation of the entire civil service system in Ukraine, reform of law enforcement agencies, and their integration into the law enforcement system of foreign countries, there is a need to improve law enforcement agencies in Ukraine, optimise personnel training, especially for senior staff, and implement systemic changes in the legal regulation of professional activity and social security of employees. The issue of reform is quite relevant from both theoretical and practical points of view, and has been ripe since Ukraine gained independence and adopted the Constitution of Ukraine.
However, despite the efforts of individual politicians, justifications and arguments of scholars, there have been no significant driving transformations in the law enforcement system. At the current stage of reforming law enforcement agencies, it is important to build a model that best meets the requirements of international standards and national interests. The main vectors of our research were the countries of the European Union and highly developed countries. It has been determined that the need to establish communication with law enforcement agencies of foreign countries is becoming increasingly important. The experience of the European Union countries can be applied in terms of creating specialised law enforcement agencies, expanding the range of powers of representatives of the Bureau of Economic Security, using joint resources and establishing cooperation in training and retraining of law enforcement personnel.
EMI Shielding Materials in Drones
Authors: A. R Aparna , Shamanth PV  , J. Fernandes Adrian , B. S. Janani  , Chaithra G  , Dhruv Bhansali  , Divya Shri Raju  , Natin Kumar
Published: October 2024

The rapid advancement of UAV technology has increased system complexity, particularly in cellular network applications where UAVs work alongside ground-based base stations. A major challenge is electromagnetic interference (EMI) in the radiofrequency (RF) band, caused by components such as motors and power supplies, which can disrupt communication signals. Effective shielding is crucial to ensure uninterrupted UAV operation, as external EMI from base stations can jeopardize UAV electronics, leading to unintended flight paths or loss of communication. This review explores enhanced security measures for UAV electronics in RF environments, proposing three materials for EMI shielding: reduced graphene oxide (RGO), electrically conductive epoxy resins filled with polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy), and hybrid polymer composites using a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix with few-layer graphene (FLG) and nickel spinel ferrites (NSF).
Conventional and ultrasound-assisted extraction of (poly)phenols from elderberry flowers Sambucus Nigra L.
Authors: Vasiljević Nebojša , Mićić Vladan , Tomić Milorad , Lazić Dragica , Vasiljević Ljubica , Kostić Duško
Published: October 2024

In this paper, conventional solid-liquid extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction were utilized for (poly)phenols extraction from black elderberry flowers. The extraction lasted 30 to 120 min, with a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:15 w/v and 1:30 w/v and solvents of 30% and 60% ethanol. Total (poly)phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins contents were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, aluminium chloride and the pH differential methods, respectively. The results show that the extraction process has the highest velocity in the first 30 min, when the most (poly)phenols are extracted, but it becomes slower as time passes. Higher yields are obtained by utilizing a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:30 w/v, which indicates that when the amount of drug increases over a certain optimal value, the resistance to mass transfer from a solid material to liquid increases. Also, higher yields are obtained by using a solvent that contains a higher content of ethanol. Finally, it was
discovered that ultrasonic extraction provides to higher (poly)phenolic compound yields and can substitute conventional extraction methods. 
Evaluation of the Contraceptive Effect of Aqueous Extract of Unripe Fruit of Musa paradisiaca Linn. (Musaceae) in Female Rats.
Authors: Onyeto Collins Azubuike , Ekowo Chiamaka Linda
Published: October 2024

Musa paradisiaca (plantain) is a tropical staple food known for its rich nutrient content and bioactive compounds. Traditionally, the unripe plantain has been utilized in folk medicine to treat various conditions, such as digestive disorders, inflammation, and infections. This study aimed to evaluate the potential contraceptive effects of the aqueous extract of unripe Musa paradisiaca (Musaceae) in female rats. The aqueous extract was obtained through maceration of the plant material in distilled water. Experimental animals were divided into four groups (n=6 per group): Groups A, B, and C received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the extract, respectively, while Group D served as the control. A 21-day oral administration of the extract was conducted to assess its impact on reproductive hormones, with weekly blood samples collected to measure serum estrogen, prolactin, and progesterone levels via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) alteration in estrogen levels across all extract-treated groups. There was a dose-dependent significant reduction (p < 0.05) in prolactin and progesterone levels in the groups treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg at week 2 and week 3. These findings indicate that while lower doses of the aqueous extract had no discernible effect on reproductive hormone levels, higher doses significantly reduced prolactin and progesterone, suggesting the extract's potential as a contraceptive agent.
TRANSFORMASI MAQOSIDUS SYARI’AH; REVITALISASI QOWAIDUL FIQHIYAH
Authors: Maulana Hasby
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji transformasi Maqasid al-Shari'ah dan revitalisasi Qawa'id al-Fiqhiyah dalam konteks kontemporer. Maqasid al-Shari'ah, atau tujuan-tujuan hukum Islam, dan Qawa'id al-Fiqhiyah, atau prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam, merupakan dua konsep penting dalam pemahaman dan penerapan hukum Islam. Namun, dalam menghadapi perubahan zaman dan tantangan-tantangan baru, terdapat kebutuhan untuk mentransformasi dan merevitalisasi kedua konsep tersebut agar tetap relevan dan berdaya guna.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis dengan mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber primer dan sekunder, termasuk kitab-kitab klasik, artikel-artikel akademis, dan dokumen-dokumen resmi terkait. Analisis dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi tren transformasi Maqasid al-Shari'ah dan revitalisasi Qawa'id al-Fiqhiyah dalam berbagai konteks, seperti sosial, ekonomi, politik, dan teknologi.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transformasi Maqasid al-Shari'ah melibatkan upaya untuk menafsir ulang tujuan-tujuan hukum Islam dalam konteks zaman sekarang, termasuk pemberdayaan individu, perlindungan hak asasi manusia, dan pemeliharaan lingkungan hidup. Sementara itu, revitalisasi Qawa'id al-Fiqhiyah melibatkan penyesuaian prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam dengan realitas kontemporer, termasuk pengembangan metode ijtihad baru dan penggunaan teknologi dalam pengambilan keputusan hukum.
Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam pemahaman tentang peran Maqasid al-Shari'ah dan Qawa'id al-Fiqhiyah dalam menghadapi tantangan-tantangan kontemporer. Implikasi praktis dari penelitian ini adalah pentingnya terus-menerus merefleksikan dan mengkaji ulang pemahaman dan penerapan hukum Islam agar tetap relevan dan memberikan solusi bagi masalah-masalah zaman sekarang
Revision of the genera of Scolodontidae, part 2: Guestieria Crosse, 1872, Xenodiscula Pilsbry, 1919, and a misidentified planorbid
Authors: Roosen Marijn T. , Breure Abraham S.H.
Published: October 2024

Currently, there are many issues with genus-level taxa within the Scolodontidae. This is the second paper in a series which aims to resolve the most prominent issues. Here, we highlight some of the more poorly known, smaller, discoid genera: Guestieria Crosse, 1872 and Xenodiscula Pilsbry, 1919. Guestieria is characterized by its small to medium-sized shell (2–18 mm), without or with only faint sculpture, and with a covered apex and closed umbilicus. Its known geographic distribution is confined to Andean countries and Brazil. Xenodiscula is small (up to 1.6 mm), discoid, and with prominent apertural barriers not seen in other scolodontids. Its known geographic distribution included all of the Amazon rainforest, the Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena hotspot, and mainland Central America. We also discuss the enigmatic Guestieria shuttleworthi (L. Pfeiffer, 1851), which we show is a junior synonym of the planorbid freshwater snail Drepanotrema anatinum (d’Orbigny, 1835).
The Right to Clean Air in International Documents and Iranian Law, and Its Criminal Guarantees
Authors: Etemad Ahmad , Ziraei Reza
Published: October 2024

Clean air is a crucial element of the right to a healthy environment. At the same time, air pollution is a form of environmental pollution that has detrimental effects on human life, putting the health of the environment and citizens at serious risk. This has made the examination of the right to clean air in international documents and Iranian law, as well as its criminal guarantees, a necessity. Based on this premise, the aim of the present article is to examine the approach of Iranian law and international documents towards the right to clean air and its criminal guarantees. This article is descriptive-analytical and uses a library research method to investigate the subject at hand. The findings indicate that both Iranian law and international documents support the right to clean air, and governments are obligated to enact the necessary laws and ensure compliance with these laws. On the international level, there is little to no discussion of criminal guarantees for the protection of this right because the criminal sanctions for environmental crimes have not developed sufficiently. However, domestically, in Iran, the legislator has prescribed penalties such as imprisonment and fines to protect both the right to clean water and clean air. Nevertheless, these enforcement mechanisms do not seem to be particularly deterrent.
Investigating the effect of self-directed learning theory on comprehensive curriculum development
Authors: Rezaei Neda , Mahmoudi Yaser
Published: October 2024

This article examines the effect of self-directed learning theory on comprehensive curriculum development. Using the descriptive analysis method, the history and main concepts of self-directed learning theory were first examined. Then, the effects of this theory on curriculum design, the role of teachers, and the learning process of students were analyzed. Findings show that self-directed learning-based curricula can help increase motivation, improve academic performance, and develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Also, teachers in these programs should act as facilitators and guides. This article also refers to the challenges and opportunities of implementing this theory in educational environments. Finally, suggestions for developing comprehensive curricula and future researches have been presented.
A Qualitative Analysis of the Impact of Descriptive Feedback on the Learning Motivation of Elementary Students
Authors: Rezvani Hadis , Mousavi Yazdi Omid
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to qualitatively analyze the impact of descriptive feedback on the learning motivation of elementary school students. The objective was to explore how descriptive feedback influences students' confidence, interest in learning, academic performance, and social interactions, as well as to identify the challenges teachers face in implementing this feedback effectively. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews to gather data from 19 participants, including teachers and students from elementary schools in Tehran. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, and the number of interviews was determined by theoretical saturation. The data collected were analyzed using qualitative content analysis to identify core themes and categories related to the influence of descriptive feedback. The analysis revealed that descriptive feedback significantly enhances students' learning motivation by boosting their confidence, increasing their interest in learning, improving academic performance, and fostering better social interactions. However, challenges such as limited time for providing detailed feedback and insufficient teacher training were identified as barriers to the effective implementation of descriptive feedback. Descriptive feedback is a powerful tool in enhancing the learning motivation of elementary students. It positively impacts students' confidence, academic performance, and social skills. However, for descriptive feedback to be most effective, teachers require adequate training and sufficient time to provide detailed and meaningful feedback. Addressing these challenges can further optimize the benefits of descriptive feedback in the educational process.
Predicting Academic Self-Efficacy Based on Self-Regulation and Academic Emotions in High School Students in Shiraz
Authors: Norouzi Hamdi
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to examine the relationship between academic self-efficacy, self-regulation, and academic emotions in high school students in Shiraz. The primary objective was to determine how self-regulation and academic emotions predict academic self-efficacy in this population. A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 160 high school students from Shiraz, selected based on the Morgan and Krejcie sample size table. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires for academic self-efficacy, self-regulation, and academic emotions. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between academic self-efficacy and each independent variable. Subsequently, linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive power of self-regulation and academic emotions on academic self-efficacy. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS-27. Descriptive statistics indicated mean scores of 3.75 (SD = 0.62) for academic self-efficacy, 3.82 (SD = 0.58) for self-regulation, and 3.67 (SD = 0.71) for academic emotions. Pearson correlation results showed significant positive correlations between academic self-efficacy and self-regulation (r = 0.54, p < 0.01), and between academic self-efficacy and academic emotions (r = 0.48, p < 0.01). The regression analysis revealed that both self-regulation (B = 0.42, β = 0.39, p < 0.001) and academic emotions (B = 0.27, β = 0.31, p < 0.001) significantly predicted academic self-efficacy, explaining 38% of its variance (R² = 0.38). The findings underscore the critical roles of self-regulation and academic emotions in shaping academic self-efficacy among high school students. These results suggest that enhancing self-regulation skills and fostering positive academic emotions can significantly contribute to higher academic self-efficacy, which is crucial for academic success. Educational interventions should focus on these areas to improve students' overall academic performance and well-being.
Designing and Validating the Model of the Characteristics of Boundary Spanner Faculty Members
Authors: Norollahee Saeid , Ghanbari Siroos
Published: October 2024

he aim of the research was to design and validate the model of the characteristics of Boundary Spanner faculty members in state universities. The research was conducted using the sequential-exploratory combined method. In the qualitative part, it was considered to identify the characteristics of Boundary Spanner faculty members in the public universities of Tehran. For this purpose, 15 faculty members of Tehran's public universities were selected and interviewed in a targeted manner and based on their Boundary Spanning experience. The interviews were analyzed using open, central and selective coding. By coding the interviews, 48 open codes and 9 central codes were identified and placed in three classes, and the names of the personal characteristics of the academic boundary spanner, the job characteristics of the academic boundary spanner and the organizational characteristics of the academic boundary spanner were chosen for these classes. In the quantitative part, the research sought to validate the model obtained from the qualitative part by designing a questionnaire and a quan titative survey. The statistical population of the research in this department was 2189 faculty members of technical-engineering faculties of Tehran state universities, and the sample size was determined using Cochran's formula to the number of 327 people and sampling was done by stratified-proportional random method. Data collection was done using a researcher-made 19-question questionnaire (resulting from the analysis of interviews in the qualitative section). The data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis methods. The findings showed; The factor loading of the dimension of personal characteristics of the academic boundary spanner is equal to 0.89, the factor loading of the dimension of the job characteristics of the academic boundary spanner is equal to 0.73, the factor loading of the dimension of the organizational characteristics of the academic boundary spanner is equal to 0.85, which according to the t value obtained at the level of 0.1 0 is significant. The fit indices of CFI=0.98, GFI=0.92, AGFI=90 and RMSEA=0.05 also showed that the measurement tool has good validity.
A critical evaluation of ‘English for academic purposes (EAP)’ program in Iranian higher education from specialists’ perspective: A grounded theory
Authors: Davari Hossein , Iranmehr Abutaleb
Published: October 2024

The ‘English for academic purposes’ program, or the so-called ‘specialized English’ program, is one of the key educational sub-systems in Iran's higher education, which has experienced a life of about four decades. Reviewing the related research to this program in the higher education system shows that although it has been evaluated from different angles and mainly from the viewpoint of teaching methods and materials, we have rarely seen its critical evaluation from a broader perspective, understanding such necessity and using grounded theory, the opinions of eleven specialists in the field of English for academic purposes (EAP) have been qualitatively examined and analyzed. The findings indicate that this program is faced with serious shortcomings in two main areas of policymaking and implementation, which were classified into seven sub-areas.The results of this research can help higher education policymakers, curriculum designer, instructors and other stakeholders in the process of revising and implementing this program.
An analysis on the perceptions and lived experiences from the phenomenon of educational persistence in undergraduate students subject to special cases commission (case study: University of Kashan)
Authors: Hoseinzade Hosnaroodi Malihe , Athari Esfahani Zeinab Sadat
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the present study was to explore the perceptions and life experiences of the continuing undergraduate course students who referred to Special Cases Commission at the University of Kashan in order to identify effective factors in increasing the students’ academic years through studying, categorizing and analyzing the collected experiences. It is an applied study which was conducted via qualitative method and the findings of the study were collected through interview and phenomenology method. The statistical population of the study included all undergraduate students in academic year 2021-22 who were studying at the University of Kashan and purposive or judgmental method was applied to do the sampling process, the interview process continued up to reaching theoretical saturation. reliability of interview instruments, was investigated according to four criteria including credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability and the data analysis of the study was conducted via Strauss and Corbin method. The findings showed that the number of extracted open codes as a result of interview with the students was 1161 which were respectively categorized in three main cores of individual-familial factors with the frequency of 637 (48.24%), educational-organizational factors with the frequency of 410 (39.20%) and social-economic factors with the frequency of 114 (12.56%). Regarding the most frequent mentioned categories related to each core, it can be said that the axial code “psychological challenges” has the highest frequency in individual-familial factors with the frequency of 85 (13.34%), axial code of “weakness in curriculum” has the highest frequency in educational-organizational factors with the frequency of 68 (16.59%) and the axial code “financial effectives” has the highest frequency in social-economic factors with the frequency of 45 (39.47%). Finally, the findings of the study showed that the academic persistence is an important multi-dimensional dilemma that many different facts should be paid attention to in order to prevent it. Therefore, meta-departmental cooperation is needed to solve the problems and remove the impediments. Hence, interaction and cooperation of different departments such as university, professors, family and society is of high necessity in order to apply preventive and supportive policies.
Comparative assessment of synergistic constructivist curriculum of interdisciplinary courses (Farhangian, State (national) and Islamic Azad Universities)
Authors: Daviran Esmaeil
Published: October 2024

Synergogy is a model derived from the constructivist approach in which knowledge is presented through collaborative, group planning and active involvement. This research, with a practical purpose and survey method based on comparative comparison, has investigated the curriculum planning model based on the synergy of interdisciplinary courses in three different universities. The statistical population of the research includes 85 students studying in three Islamic Azad Universities, national (state) and mission-oriented Farhangian University. The method of data collection was library-documentary and field, which was obtained in the field method by using David Lebo's constructivism questionnaire and specialized psychometric analysis of the research data, and then using t-statistical and a posteriori statistical models to analyze the data. The results show that the model of synergistic construction for the interdisciplinary course of urban geography, despite the similarity of the content, source and course headings, is different from each other and has a significant difference from each other. The results of the a posteriori statistical model show that the 8 indicators of participation, independence, creativity, deep thinking, active involvement, personal communication, collectivism and evaluation style function differently in the studied universities with a confidence coefficient of 95% and a significant level. Less than 0.05 is significant. At the same time, the implementation and evaluation of the statistical society of the constructivist synergistic model in Farhangian University is more favorable than the other two universities, considering its education-oriented mission.
The Security Situation in the Pusht-e Kuh Government in the Late Qajar Era and the Role of Gholam Hossein Khan Shahab al-Mulk in It
Authors: Shojaee Abdolreza , Golparvar Majid , Rahimisadegh Ali
Published: October 2024

In the final third of the Qajar period, the Pusht-e Kuh government faced various vulnerabilities, threats, and security incidents. Border disputes with the Ottoman Empire, internal uprisings, regional wars, dissatisfaction and lack of trust among subjects, mismanagement by some officials, and the involuntary migration of inhabitants led to severe security disruptions. Gholam Hossein Khan Shahab al-Mulk, a key figure within the ruling elite, was tasked with restoring order and took actions aimed at reproducing, improving, and enhancing security in the region. This study seeks to answer the question: What role did Gholam Hossein Khan Shahab al-Mulk play in the security of the Pusht-e Kuh government during the late Qajar period? It also tests the hypothesis that Shahab al-Mulk, through effective agency, strengthened the financial capacity, guided and reassured the subjects, improved intelligence, and implemented military and security measures, thereby improving security in Pusht-e Kuh during the late Qajar period. The present research has been conducted using a descriptive-analytical method, and a significant portion of the documents and materials reviewed in this study are being published for the first time. Additionally, the elite theory has been used as the theoretical framework of the research. The findings of the study indicate that Shahab al-Mulk was able to contribute to the maintenance and preservation of security in the Pusht-e Kuh government by improving financial resources, building trust and hope among the subjects, and implementing military and security measures.
An Approach to the Common Variables of Iranian Music and Architecture Based on Evidence from Architectural Facades of the Socio-Historical Qajar Period
Authors: Shafaq Nioulooi Ehsan , Akbari Namdar Shabnam , Najafgholipour Nasim
Published: October 2024

Architecture and music are two artistic fields that are created and understood by humans. All forms of art, in their ultimate expression, open a path toward abstraction and experience. Based on this definition, many similarities can be found between these two arts. In the creation of architecture, the artistic imagination and mental forms of the artist, through the element of ambiguity resulting from the use of symbols from tangible forms in the construction of buildings, lead the work to the boundaries of abstraction, a realm in which music holds a prominent position. The aim of this article is to examine the historical and transformative trajectory of the conceptual relationship between the two arts of architecture and music throughout different historical periods, where this relationship and influence can be discovered and interpreted in the architectural buildings of each historical period, reflecting the distinct characteristics of that era. The issue addressed in this article is one of the most significant aspects of the connection between these two arts, which facilitates deep communication between them—namely, the practical and aesthetic considerations of these two arts. It seems as though something in the atmosphere and quality of the musical and architectural spaces of the past has changed in the present. Considering the nature of the research subject, the methodology employed in this thesis is a quantitative-qualitative descriptive-analytical approach. Utilizing qualitative content analysis under an interpretive-historical perspective and comparative analysis, the study identifies the fundamental variables present in the theories concerning music, architecture, and their conceptual connections. This research, with a formal and content-based approach throughout the Qajar historical period, examines three characteristics—rhythm and tempo, pitch, and texture—in architecture. Through the analysis of five case studies of prominent buildings from the Qajar period, particularly in architectural facades, it can be stated that the works in both architecture and music possess a rich language and rhythmic, melodic expression. When the outstanding examples of the Qajar period were examined, it was discovered that common concepts such as harmony, proportions, rhythm, and structure are effectively utilized in both disciplines, influencing the designers.
The Impact of Security Arrangements in West Asian Countries on the National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran: A Copenhagen School Perspective
Authors: Mohammadi Shahram , Jafaripaibandi Farshid , Khoshkhatti Mahdi
Published: October 2024

This study examines the impact of security arrangements in West Asian countries on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran from the perspective of the Copenhagen School. Given Iran's geographical and geopolitical position, as well as the existing tensions and challenges in the region, Iran's national security is influenced by military, economic, environmental, and social threats. The Copenhagen School, with its comprehensive approach to security, divides this concept into five dimensions: military, political, economic, social, and environmental, and emphasizes the importance of regional security in achieving national security. In this research, the military threats posed by terrorist groups such as ISIS and Al-Qaeda and their impacts on Iran's national security are addressed. Additionally, the environmental threats resulting from these groups' activities and their effects on Iran's water and air resources are examined. Moreover, the economic and social impacts of regional instability and the efforts of extra-regional powers to influence and intervene in the domestic affairs of West Asian countries and Iran are analyzed. The research method of this study is based on descriptive analyses and the use of library resources. The findings of this study indicate that Iran's national security is heavily influenced by regional security developments and that achieving sustainable security requires interaction and cooperation with regional countries and international organizations. In this regard, Iran's foreign policy should be based on active diplomacy and multilateralism, aiming to create sustainable security arrangements and strengthen regional cooperation. This study provides strategies to enhance Iran's national security, emphasizing Iran's significant role in regional and international developments, and offers recommendations for improving regional relations and reducing tensions.
An Analysis of the Typology of Architectural Structures in Contemporary Iranian Mosques (Case Study: Mosques in the Cities of Sanandaj and Isfahan)
Authors: Zeynali Azim Ali , Tavakkoli Moghadam Ziba
Published: October 2024

The architecture of a land such as Iran, with its distinctive shapes, forms, and designs, has manifested with both similarities and differences in various periods and regions. This phenomenon is most evident in the embodiment of the most important religious building after Islam, the mosque, which reflects the art and architecture of the people. Therefore, examining and analyzing Iranian mosques from the perspective of architectural structure (form and function) can reveal the features and distinctions among them, thus contributing to the development and enhancement of this type of architecture and, more broadly, to the architecture of contemporary religious buildings. The aim of this study is to identify the spatial and structural characteristics of these buildings and to classify the typology of mosques, particularly in the cities of Sanandaj and Isfahan, in line with the research objectives. This research employs a descriptive-historical-analytical typology and identifies the criteria for mosque construction to explain the types, categorize them, and examine case studies. Field investigations and library studies have also been utilized in this process. Ultimately, the findings indicate that the iwan-courtyard and domed types represent the most frequent examples in these regions. Additionally, the columned iwan, domed chamber, courtyard, and surrounding corridors are key elements in the architectural structure of mosques in these areas. Indeed, by focusing on these architectural elements and promoting their development and expansion in national architecture, the position of mosque architecture can be significantly enhanced at both national and international levels. Moreover, these elements can be innovatively incorporated into the architectural structure of other contemporary buildings.
Explanation and Analysis of Imam Khomeini's Stance on Pahlavi Policies Regarding Women, with an Emphasis on the Unveiling Policy
Authors: Daneshjoo Hamideh , Vakili Hadi , Jan Ahmadi Fatemeh
Published: October 2024

Addressing women's issues and providing innovative solutions has always been part of modernization in the contemporary world and Iran. In his authoritarian modernization, Reza Shah, with a quasi-modernist approach to the issue of women, adopted the policy of banning and unveiling the hijab. This policy, while maintaining its foundations, continued during the reign of the second Pahlavi with changes in method. This policy provoked widespread social reaction and resistance from segments of society and religious leaders. Among them, Imam Khomeini, in his speeches, repeatedly referred to this government action, criticizing these policies and condemning the Pahlavi regime's approach to the issue of women and the hijab. The present study, aiming to explain Imam Khomeini's stance toward these actions, adopts a descriptive-analytical method using library resources, seeking to answer the question: What was Imam Khomeini's position on Pahlavi's modernist policies regarding women, particularly on the issue of the hijab? The research findings indicate that on one hand, he defended women's hijab and explicitly opposed the unveiling policy of Reza Shah and Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi. On the other hand, while raising awareness and warning the public about Pahlavi's negative propaganda against the hijab, he praised the fighters and leaders who stood against the unveiling policy. The influence of Imam's approach in society led to political challenges and increasing divergence between the people and the government, which also played a role in the occurrence of the Islamic Revolution.
A Comparative Study of the Modernization of Cultural and Identity Components in Islamic Art with Emphasis on Globalization
Authors: Jahangiri Sara , Sharifzadeh Mohammadreza , Hassanvand Mohammad Kazem
Published: October 2024

One of the most significant theoretical discussions overshadowing macro sociological perspectives today is the issue of globalization. Globalization encompasses economic, political, social, cultural, and structural dimensions, all of which play a fundamental and essential role in the discourse on globalization. Among these, the study of art, as one of the most powerful and influential tools and a key component in shaping cultural globalization, has garnered attention. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the capabilities and structural and visual components of Islamic arts in the process of globalization. This research is descriptive-comparative in nature and method, and while examining the concept of globalization, it attempts to analyze the position of Islamic arts in the flow of globalization based on structural and visual components in the contemporary world. The results of the study indicate that globalization, from the perspective of theorists and based on globalization components, is possible due to interactions and communications in light of various global cultural and artistic events, as well as the platforms for the emergence of works in virtual spaces. However, it may also involve risks. Globalization requires progress and interaction with the world, which in turn will introduce and recognize Iranian Islamic art. Islamic art, contemporary and aligned with Iranian identity, can influence the proper course of this movement. The use of Iranian structural and visual components with a contemporary perspective is one of the important aspects of globalizing Iranian art.