bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative physiology reveals heat stress disrupts acid–base homeostasis independent of symbiotic state in the model cnidarian Exaiptasia diaphana
Authors: Allen-Waller Luella R. , Jones Katelyn G. , Martynek Marcelina P. , Brown Kristen T. , Barott Katie L.
Published: January 2024

Climate change threatens the survival of symbiotic cnidarians by causing photosymbiosis breakdown in a process known as bleaching. Direct effects of temperature on cnidarian host physiology remain difficult to describe because heatwaves depress symbiont performance, leading to host stress and starvation. The symbiotic sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana provides an opportune system to disentangle direct versus indirect heat effects on the host, as it can survive indefinitely without symbionts. We tested the hypothesis that heat directly impairs cnidarian physiology by comparing symbiotic and aposymbiotic individuals of two laboratory subpopulations of a commonly used clonal strain of E. diaphana, CC7. We exposed anemones to a range of temperatures (ambient, +2°C, +4°C and +6°C) for 15–18 days, then measured their symbiont population densities, autotrophic carbon assimilation and translocation, photosynthesis, respiration and host intracellular pH (pHi). Symbiotic anemones from the two subpopulations differed in size and symbiont density and exhibited distinct heat stress responses, highlighting the importance of acclimation to different laboratory conditions. Specifically, the cohort with higher initial symbiont densities experienced dose-dependent symbiont loss with increasing temperature and a corresponding decline in host photosynthate accumulation. In contrast, the cohort with lower initial symbiont densities did not lose symbionts or assimilate less photosynthate when heated, similar to the response of aposymbiotic anemones. However, anemone pHi decreased at higher temperatures regardless of cohort, symbiont presence or photosynthate translocation, indicating that heat consistently disrupts cnidarian acid–base homeostasis independent of symbiotic status or mutualism breakdown. Thus, pH regulation may be a critical vulnerability for cnidarians in a changing climate.
Precise realtime current consumption measurement in IoT TestBed
Authors: Balass Rihards , Medvedevs Vladislavs , Mackus Andris Ivars , Ormanis Juris , Ancans Armands , Judvaitis Janis
Published: January 2024

Background The Internet of Things, similar to wireless sensor networks, has been integrated into the daily life of almost everyone. These wearable, stationary, or mobile devices are in multiple locations, collecting data or monitoring and executing certain tasks. Some can monitor environmental values and interact with the environment, while others are used for data collection, entertainment, or even lifesaving. To achieve the wireless part of the system, the majority of sensor nodes are designed to be battery-powered. While battery power has become increasingly ubiquitous, it tends to increase the global carbon footprint of electronic devices. This issue can be mitigated by employing some form of energy harvesting so that batteries can be refilled and the gadget lasts longer, but this does not alter the reality that batteries are still used and eventually discarded. Methods In this paper, the authors emphasize the significance of power consumption in battery-powered devices. To be able to monitor devices’ power consumption, one of the measurable parameters is current. When users know the exact current consumption, they can decrease it by polishing the program or tweaking the duty cycle, making radio transmit fewer data or less frequently, thus decreasing overall power draw. Results In order to simplify current consumption monitoring, the authors have developed a testbed facility that provides real-time current consumption measurements, which may be used to enhance the duty cycle and battery life of the aforementioned devices. Conclusions While minimizing total current consumption is a great way to extend the battery life and, thus, the carbon footprint, the primary culprit in the Internet of Things is radio communications. This transmission is the primary source of current consumption. By determining the exact amount of current drawn during transmission and adjusting it, users can significantly extend battery life.
Instrumental materials in mechanical engineering
Authors: Adaskin Anatoliy
Published: January 2024

The textbook presents materials for the manufacture of cutting, stamping, plumbing, auxiliary, control and measuring tools: tool, high-speed and die steels, hard alloys, cutting ceramics, superhard materials. In the second edition, carbide steels, cermets, and heat-resistant alloys for the manufacture of hot deformation dies are additionally considered. The chapter devoted to methods for determining the properties of tool materials has been supplemented with a methodology that establishes the relationship between micro- and macrohardness. The operational and technological properties of materials and areas of their rational use, wear-resistant tool coatings and structural materials for prefabricated, welded and soldered tools are considered. The appendices contain recommendations of state standards on the use of various instrumental materials.
Meets the requirements of the latest generation Federal State Educational Standard.
It is intended for students of higher educational institutions studying in the areas of training "Technology, equipment and automation of machine-building industries", "Design and technological support of machine-building industries", "Automated technologies and production", "Materials Science and technology of metals". It will be useful for engineers and graduate students of mechanical engineering specialties.
Operation of cars and tractors: control, diagnostic and adjustment work: workshop
Authors: Zincov Aleksandr
Published: January 2024

The textbook presents methods for performing control, diagnostic and adjustment work, the sequence and content of maintenance operations for systems and assemblies of cars and tractors. The workshop is designed for practical training and independent work.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of higher educational institutions studying in the specialty "Ground transportation and technological means" (specialization "Cars and tractors").
Theory and practice of psychological training
Authors: Andronnikova Ol'ga
Published: January 2024

The textbook provides information and necessary methodological assistance for the formation of professional skills in the field of planning, organizing and conducting trainings. It contains the necessary information on the sections of the courses "Theory and practice of psychological training", "Personal growth training". Methodological guidelines, the main theoretical ideas of the lecture course, tasks for independent work and self-control, exercises for practicing skills are given.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students studying undergraduate and specialist psychological specialties, and beginning practical work of psychologists experiencing methodological difficulties in organizing and conducting psychological trainings.
Management accounting
Authors: Gadzhiev Nazirhan , Konovalenko Sergey , Skripkina Ol'ga , Murzak Nataliya
Published: January 2024

Tasks, exercises, lecture materials presented in the textbook are aimed at mastering the methods, practical skills and abilities of forming, presenting and using management information in the accounting system.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of higher educational institutions studying in the fields of 38.03.01 "Economics" and 38.03.02 "Management".
Grain processing
Authors: Yusupova Galina
Published: January 2024

The textbook summarizes and examines the requirements for grain processing technologies for cereals. The material devoted to the issues of deep processing of grain is described in detail. The relevant regulatory and legislative framework is provided. The methods of quality control of processed products using traditional technologies and deep processing of cereals within the framework of the discipline "Storage and processing of crop products" are described.
Meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education of the latest generation.
For students studying in the fields of training 03/35/07 "Technology of production and processing of agricultural products" and 03/19/02 "Food from vegetable raw materials".
Assessment of the state and prospects of development of educational organizations: theory and practice
Authors: Lomakina Tat'yana , Vasil'chenko Nina
Published: January 2024

The monograph presents an analysis of the specific state of general education organizations in the regions of the Russian Federation, on the basis of which a conclusion is made about the optimality of a three-vector trajectory of development of a regional secondary school. To do this, we propose a technology for assessing its current state and designing further development, taking into account the interests of all participants in educational relations and the peculiarities of the region. General and specific examples of the use of this technology for all proposed types of educational organizations, as well as the possibilities of their development on the basis of social partnership, are presented.
It is addressed to employees of departments, departments and departments of education, heads of educational organizations, specialists of regional institutes and educational development centers, methodologists, teaching staff and researchers.
Indirect methods in sensitive research
Authors: Myagkov Aleksandr
Published: January 2024

The monograph examines the theoretical, methodological and methodological problems of obtaining sincere answers from respondents in sensitive surveys. Based on the materials of foreign scientific sources and experimental studies conducted by the author, various indirect methods of working with sensitive questions are analyzed: RRT models, non-randomized survey techniques, the technique of unpaired numbers, nominative technique, bogus pipeline procedure, etc. The normative content of these methods, their organizational, technical and statistical features are investigated. Some recommendations are proposed to improve the effectiveness of their field application.
It is intended for researchers, practicing sociologists, teachers, graduate students and students of sociological faculties, training areas and specialties.
Fundamentals of operation of relay protection and automation
Authors: Dorohin Evgeniy
Published: January 2024

The textbook contains a brief description of the most common relay protection devices, automation, secondary switching elements and the procedure for their operational maintenance.
It is intended for the operational personnel of power plants, substations, field teams of electric networks engaged in the operation of electrical equipment, for dispatchers of the joint dispatching service of electric networks and regional dispatching departments, employees of relay protection and automation services of various levels and technical managers of relevant organizations.
Metacognitive beliefs of Polish adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychometric properties of the MCQ-A
Authors: Kajka Natalia , Kulik Agnieszka
Published: January 2024

Cel pracy

Struktura wewnętrzna adaptowanego narzędzia została zbadana za pomocą konfirmacyjnych analiz czynnikowych. Przetestowano trzy rodzaje modeli czynnikowych. Najlepsze dopasowanie uzyskał model zakładający pięcioczynnikową strukturę skali bez czynnika wyższego rzędu. Polskie narzędzie powinno liczyć 28 itemów, a uzyskane właściwości psychometryczne są porównywalne z wynikami prezentowanymi przez autorów angielskiej wersji MCQ-A 30. Celem niniejszego badania jest dostarczenie informacji o właściwościach psychometrycznych narzędzia MCQ-A dla polskiej młodzieży, potwierdzenie struktury czynnikowej narzędzia względem oryginalnej skali oraz przedstawienie nasilenia dysfunkcyjnych przekonań metapoznawczych młodzieży badanej podczas pandemii.

Metoda

W badaniu wzięło udział 375 osób w wieku 12–18 lat (M = 15,38; SD = 1,63). Badani uzupełniali metryczkę, Zestaw Kwestionariuszy do Diagnozy Depresji u Dzieci i Młodzieży – CDI2, Inwentarz Stanu i Cechy Lęku – STAI oraz adaptowany do warunków polskich Kwestionariusz Przekonań Metapoznawczych – MCQ-A.

Wyniki

Trafność strukturalna została zbadana za pomocą konfirmacyjnych analiz czynnikowych. Przetestowano trzy rodzaje modeli czynnikowych. Najlepsze dopasowanie uzyskał model zakładający pięcioczynnikową strukturę skali bez czynnika wyższego rzędu. Polskie narzędzie powinno liczyć 28 itemów a uzyskane właściwości psychometryczne są porównywalne z wynikami prezentowanymi przez autorów angielskiej wersji MCQ-A 30.

Wnioski

Niniejsze badania wykazały, że polska adaptacja MCQ-A jest wiarygodnym narzędziem do badania przekonań metapoznawczych u młodzieży.
Acute thrombocytosis in a patient treated with ertapenem
Authors: Sarfo Edward K. , Dziemianko Jennifer L. , Chen Thomas , Iwaki Kosuke K.
Published: January 2024

Ertapenem, a carbapenem-type beta-lactam antibiotic, demonstrates broad-spectrum efficacy against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including aerobes and anaerobes. Importantly, it demonstrates resistance to virtually all beta-lactamases, including the extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). Haematologic complications such as thrombocytosis, haemolysis, anaemia, and neutropenia are infrequent side effects associated with this drug. In this report, we present a rare case of ertapenem-induced thrombocytosis in a 62-year-old female patient who was admitted for a complicated urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli.
Perancangan Kampanye Sosial Eco Enzyme Sebagai Upaya Pengolahan Sampah Organik Untuk Ibu Rumah Tangga
Authors: Amalia Rizka , Dwitasari Putri
Published: January 2024

Organic waste generated from household waste can be a severe problem if improperly handled. Currently, most of the waste produced by the Indonesian state comes from food waste, especially vegetable and fruit waste. This waste can be utilised to reduce the problem of waste accumulation, one of which is by making eco enzymes. Eco enzyme is a multipurpose liquid fermented organic waste such as vegetables and fruit. However, an introduction regarding the manufacture of eco enzymes requires more detailed information media, including waste sorting, how to manufacture and the impact that has a significant impact on the environment. The information media that will be created is in the form of a social campaign with media selection according to the needs of the target segment of homemakers so that messages can be appropriately conveyed. The design of this campaign was carried out through several research methods, namely literature studies, in-depth interviews with extreme users and stakeholders, observations, questionnaires, andexperimental studies to design a design concept that includes media, communication, and visual concepts. The concept is then validated through user testing and interviews with expert sources. This design is expected to be an alternative media of information to the public to raise public awareness of the importance of processing organic waste, and one of them is processing organic waste into the eco enzyme.
Perancangan Visual Novel Berbasis Sejarah G30S Melalui Pendekatan Multiple Choice Untuk Remaja dan Dewasa
Authors: Zakaria Dani , Rizkiantono Raditya Eka
Published: January 2024

Controversies surrounding the 30th September Movement (G30S) in Indonesia have become sensitive issues, especially concerning the Indonesian Communist Party's (PKI) resurgence. Even after the Era Reformasi, fear and paranoia toward the PKI still exist in society and become politicization subject, which stems from the background of the Orde Baru regime, where the history of G30S were only presented in single version. This limits diverse perspectives and objective information, despite the existence of seven dif erent theories behind G30S. Essentially, this issue arises because of the limited historical references available to the public. So, a media platform is needed that can present multiple perspectives on the G30S events in a coherent narrative. The chosen media for this project is a Visual Novel with multiple-choice approach. This media and method are selected because they provide readers to explore multiple possiblity storyline, covering four dif erent G30S theories. The research method used will involve qualitative data, including literature studies from books, notes, and historical documentation. This data will be corroborated through interviews with experts to confirm its accuracy. Once the data is gathered, the design process will be executed in several stages, analyzed it with experts, and resulting the prototype. The prototype will be tested with user testing sample and refined to reach the final design. This design aims to enhance the historical reference materials to the younger generation, specifically the G30S events, and provide an understanding that multiple historical possibilities can exist. As a result, people will be wiser in responding current phenomena.
Perancangan Animasi Dengan Pendekatan Psikologi Sosial Untuk Anak-Anak Kaum Marjinal Usia 7-12 Tahun Sebagai Media Edukasi Pendidikan Karakter
Authors: Rayhandito Muhammad , Alamin Rabendra Yudistira
Published: January 2024

The National Law No. 20 of 2003 emphasizes the importance of the national education system in achieving equal educational opportunities, improving quality, and managing education efficiently. However, marginalized children with economic constraints still face challenges in accessing educational opportunities due to limited time and difficulties in studying at home. Instead of exploiting these limitations, the Red Nose Foundation utilized them in a social psychology class aimed at instilling character education. Nevertheless, they recognize the need for innovative and effective approaches in delivering character education to the target audience. To achieve a precise and effective design, the process will involve existing studies, experimental studies, in-depth interviews with stakeholders and necessary resources, user testing, and literature review to support the design. The urgency of the design and how the resulting media output canbetter connect with the target audience compared to other media outputs will also be considered. Two animated episodes have been presented to the target audience, and it has been concluded that using animation as a medium for character education has yielded positive results. The audience enjoys watching the animations, and the evaluations conducted have shown excellent outcomes. Therefore, it can be said that the animation used in this design has been successful.
Effect of a standalone rehabilitation programme for patients with peripheral arterial disease on claudication, cardiovascular risk factors and quality of life
Authors: Fallon Noeleen , Quirke Mary , Edgeworth Caroline , Maher Vincent , Tierney Sean , McKee Gabrielle
Published: January 2024

Background/Aims

There have been calls to make rehabilitation programmes more accessible to patients with peripheral arterial disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a standalone peripheral arterial disease rehabilitation programme on walking outcomes, quality of life and cardiovascular risk factors as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes relating to the characteristics that may have influenced change in walking outcomes and reasons for non-attendance or non-completion were also explored.

Methods

In this prospective, observational, one-site study, new patients were offered a 10-week programme, consisting of exercise, education and intervention for uncontrolled cardiovascular risk factors, in line with international peripheral arterial disease guidelines. Claudication times were measured using the Gardner-Skinner protocol and quality of life was measured using VascuQol. Pre- and post-intervention data were analysed using the SPSS version 23, with Pearson's Rho, Spearman's Rho and t tests being performed as appropriate. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.

Results

Of the 160 referrals received, 114 patients were enrolled in the programme and 89 (78%) completed it. Reasons for non-completion were mainly either logistical (domestic commitments or return to work) or perceptions of insuitability relating to age, infirmity or severity of peripheral arterial disease. Of those who completed the programme, the median age was 66 years, 81% were men, 71% had a history of hypertension, 25% had diabetes and 37% smoked. There were significant pre–post improvements (P<0.05) in initial and maximum claudication time and distance, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and quality of life scores. Improvements in maximum claudication times were associated with lower baseline initial claudication times, lower body mass index, some quality of life scores and male gender.

Conclusions

The peripheral arterial disease rehabilitation programme was effective in improving functional capacity, quality of life and some cardiovascular risk factors. Factors found to influence improvements in claudication times could be discussed with patients before and during the programme to address misperceptions, provide encouragement and improve compliance and recruitment. The safe environment of supervised exercise may have contributed to these results, prompting efforts to make exercise accessible to all patients with peripheral arterial disease.
Defining digital nursing
Authors: Havard Megan , Whistance Megan , Johns Gemma , Drew Simon , Cusens Chiquita , Thomas Sian , Khalil Sara , Ogonovsky Mike , Ahuja Alka
Published: January 2024

Background:

The use of technology in health care, including nursing, is growing, owing in part to the COVID-19 pandemic and in response to national policy.

Aims:

To investigate nurses' perceptions of digital nursing (DN).

Methods:

Community and primary care nurses from across Wales were recruited (n=249) through a survey comprising open and closed questions. This was supplemented with semistructured interviews (n=25). Thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data.

Findings:

Nurses had a broad range of perspectives on what DN meant, with four main themes being identified: access; impact on care; technology; and digital future. The positive impacts of DN on ways of working and patient outcomes were supported by answers to closed survey questions.

Conclusion:

Many nurses understand the value of digital tools within nursing and are clear about their benefits for patients, nurses and multiprofessional teams. However, there is a need for a clear definition and increased awareness of DN.
The impact of anticholinergic burden on clinical outcomes in older hospitalised surgical patients
Authors: Evans Thomas , Binns Hannah , Mandal Amit KJ , De'Ath Henry D , Missouris Constantinos G
Published: January 2024

Polypharmacotherapy is an ever-increasing issue with an ageing patient population. Anticholinergic medications make up a large proportion of patient medication but cause significant side effects, contributing to well-documented issues within the older population and in hospital medicine.

This review explores the documented impact of anticholinergic burden in older surgical patients on postoperative delirium, infection, length of stay and readmission, urinary retention, ileus and mortality. It also highlights the need for further high-quality research into anticholinergic burden management among older surgical patients to further impact practice and policy in the area.
Development of Instant Beverage Powder Based on Sacha Inchi
Authors:   Department of Agro-industry Technology and Management, Faculty of Digital Agro-industry, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Prachinburi 25230, Thailand, Eadmusik Sunee , Thongprathuang Sabaipear ,   Department of Agro-industry Technology and Management, Faculty of Digital Agro-industry, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Prachinburi 25230, Thailand, Luekhuntod Tanimas ,   Department of Agro-industry Technology and Management, Faculty of Digital Agro-industry, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Prachinburi 25230, Thailand, Didbunjong Pimrajika ,   Department of Agro-industry Technology and Management, Faculty of Digital Agro-industry, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Prachinburi 25230, Thailand, Phungamngoen Chanthima ,   Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Published: January 2024

Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seed oil gains an industrial’s attention although other parts of the seed also have economical and nutritional potentials. This study was aimed to produce instant beverage powder based on sacha inchi by formula optimization and investigation the effect of drumdrying conditions on its physicochemical and sensorial properties. Results from a mixture design showed that the most suitable formula composed of 64% sacha inchi seed extraction, 20% sweet corn and 16% instant oat, in addition a penalty analysis revealed that the most preferable sugar adding level was 8% (w/w). In term of drum-drying condition, rotation speed and maltodextrin concentration strongly infl uenced moisture content, ΔE* and water solubility index (WSI) while they had no effect on rehydration ratio. The physicochemical and sensorial properties of the instant beverage powder obtained from this study were similar to those of commercial product except for WSI. This study demonstrates that, besides seed oil, sacha inchi seed can be valorized and utilized as a novel food ingredient for an instant beverage powder production.
Predicting the Potential Distribution Areas of the Asian Redtail Catfi sh (Hemibagrus wyckioides Fang and Chaux, 1949) in the Chao Phraya River, Thailand, using Maximum Entropy Modelling
Authors:   Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand, Saeng-arun Anupong , Taksintum Wut ,   Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Published: January 2024

Hemibagrus wyckioides is recognized as an economically important freshwater fi sh in Thailand. However, there are no available comprehensive data regarding the geographic distribution and habitat suitability of H. wyckioides in Thailand. In addition, its natural population has tended to continuously decrease. This study aimed to predict the suitable distribution areas of H. wyckioides in the Chao Phraya River, Thailand, using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm based on climatic factors, including 11 temperature and 8 precipitation indices from the WorldClim database. Model performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The jackknife test was used to assess the contribution of each variable to the model. The results revealed that the MaxEnt model performed acceptably well, with an AUC value of 0.939, representing excellent accuracy in predicting the appropriate distribution areas of H. wyckioides in the Chao Phraya River. The potential distribution areas of H. wyckioides were observed mostly along the Chao Phraya River in Sing Buri and Ang Thong Provinces. According to the results of the jackknife test, 11 climatic variables impacted the distribution of H. wyckioides. The annual mean temperature (BIO1), precipitation of driest month (BIO14), and annual temperature range (BIO7) were the most important infl uencing variables, with impact values of 53.5%, 15.9%, and 11.9%, respectively. Therefore, understanding the potential distribution areas can assist researchers in monitoring, management, and conservation activities or with the development of new natural protected areas of H. wyckioides in high-quality areas in the Chao Phraya River.
Loafing, Driving, and "Messing About in Boats": Kenneth Grahame's Decadence from Pagan Papers to The Wind in the Willows
Authors: Nunnery Katie
Published: January 2024

Abstract: "Loafing, Driving, and 'Messing About in Boats': Kenneth Grahame's Decadence from Pagan Papers to The Wind in the Willows " seeks to highlight the radical queerness and rejection of heteronormative mores within the classic Golden Age children's book The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame. It does so by tracing its roots within Grahame's involvement in the famously queer Decadent movement in late nineteenth century Britain. This reading challenges the much more common assumption that The Wind in the Willows is a fairly conservative text which reinforces "proper" behavior and traditional values. To develop these claims, the essay focuses on the queer relationships between characters, the rebellious behaviors of Toad, and the imagery and themes the text borrows from the Decadent movement.
"It Was Very Queer!": Queering Time and Family Structures in Mrs. Molesworth's The Cuckoo Clock
Authors: Medina Yvonne
Published: January 2024

Abstract: Mrs. Molesworth's fantasy for children, The Cuckoo Clock (1877), is a bildungsroman that premises the protagonist's development on her ability to manage her time and navigate queer, or non-normative, family structures. An enchanted cuckoo in a clock guides the protagonist toward a more flexible understanding of time and family structures by posing temporal riddles that stretch her imagination and welcoming her into queer communities of enchantment. Drawing on recent turns in queer kinship studies and Victorian studies, I read the novel through its frequent use of the word "queer" to describe fantastic phenomena. I also introduce the concept of "temporal didacticism" to describe a didactic impulse in children's literature to curtail a child's natural inclination to queer time in favor of instilling values such as patience and punctuality. In this case study, I argue that temporal didacticism occurs more gently here than in similar Victorian texts for girls.
Introduction
Authors: Pahl Katrin
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Monolithic silicon microlens arrays for far-infrared astrophysics
Authors: Cothard Nicholas F. , Stevenson Thomas , Mateo Jennette , Costen Nicholas , Denis Kevin , Perido Joanna , Schrock Ian , Wang Frederick , Glenn Jason
Published: January 2024

Future far-infrared astrophysics observatories will require focal plane
arrays containing thousands of ultrasensitive, superconducting
detectors, each of which require efficient optical coupling to the
telescope fore-optics. At longer wavelengths, many approaches have
been developed, including feedhorn arrays and macroscopic arrays of
lenslets. However, with wavelengths as short as 25 µm, optical
coupling in the far infrared remains challenging. In this paper, we
present an approach to fabricate far-infrared monolithic silicon
microlens arrays using grayscale lithography and deep reactive ion
etching. The fabricated microlens arrays presented here are designed
for two different wavebands: 25–40 µm and 135–240 µm.
The microlens arrays have sags as deep as 150 µm, are
hexagonally packed with a pixel pitch of 900 µm, and have an
overall size as large as 80 by 15 mm. We compare an
as-fabricated lens profile to the design profile and calculate that
the fabricated lenses would achieve 84% encircled power for the
designed detector, which is only 3% less than the designed
performance. We also present methods developed for antireflection
coating microlens arrays and for a silicon-to-silicon die bonding
process to hybridize microlens arrays with detector arrays.
Arbitrary electro-optic bandwidth and frequency control in lithium niobate optical resonators
Authors: Herrmann Jason F. , Dean Devin J. , Sarabalis Christopher J. , Ansari Vahid , Multani Kevin , Wollack E. Alex , McKenna Timothy P. , Witmer Jeremy D. , Safavi-Naeini Amir H.
Published: January 2024

In situ tunable photonic filters and memories are important for emerging quantum and classical optics technologies. However, most photonic devices have fixed resonances and bandwidths determined at the time of fabrication. Here we present an in situ tunable optical resonator on thin-film lithium niobate. By leveraging the linear electro-optic effect, we demonstrate widely tunable control over resonator frequency and bandwidth on two different devices. We observe up to ∼50 × tuning in the bandwidth over ∼50 V with linear frequency control of ∼230 MHz/V. We also develop a closed-form model predicting the tuning behavior of the device. This paves the way for rapid phase and amplitude control over light transmitted through our device.
Snapshot compressive imaging at 855 million frames per second for aluminium planar wire array Z-pinch
Authors: Yao Zhiming , Ji Chao , Sheng Liang , Song Yan , Liu Zhen , Han Changcai , Zhou Haoyu , Duan Baojun , Li Yang , Hei Dongwei , Tian Jinshou , Xue Yanhua
Published: January 2024

This paper present a novel, integrated compressed ultrafast photography system for comprehensive measurement of the aluminium planar wire array Z-Pinch evolution process. The system incorporates a large array streak camera and embedded encoding to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Based on the “QiangGuang-I” pulsed power facility, we recorded the complete continuous 2D implosion process of planar wire array Z-Pinch for the first time. Our results contribute valuable understanding of imploding plasma instabilities and offer direction for the optimization of Z-Pinch facilities.
Few-mode fiber Bragg grating-based simultaneous multichannel CSRZ to NRZ format conversion scheme for LP01 and LP11
Authors: Tan Junjie , Cao Hui , Shu Xuewen , Atai Javid
Published: January 2024

We propose what we believe is a novel format conversion scheme using a few-mode fiber Bragg grating (FM-FBG) that can perform multichannel format conversion from carrier-suppressed return-to-zero (CSRZ) to non-return-to-zero (NRZ) for both LP01 and LP11. The multichannel spectral response of FM-FBG is designed according to the algebraic difference between the CSRZ and NRZ spectra outlines. Additionally, the FM-FBG response spectra of LP11 are designed to shift with that of LP01 by the WDM-MDM channel spacing for filtering both modes together. Numerical results demonstrate the successful conversion of both LP01 and LP11 channels, carrying four channels of 200-GHz-spaced CSRZ signals at 40 Gbit/s, into NRZ signals with a high Q-factor (exceeding 14 dB), and the converted NRZ signals exhibit clean and open eye diagrams. Furthermore, the performance analysis also shown that our proposed FM-FBG is robust to central wavelength detuning.
Field-programmable gate array and deep neural network-accelerated spatial-spectral interferometry for rapid optical dispersion analysis
Authors: Lee Xin-Li , Chang Jui-Chi , Ye Xiang-Yu , Chang Chia-Yuan
Published: January 2024

Spatial-spectral interferometry (SSI) is a technique used to reconstruct the electrical field of an ultrafast laser. By analyzing the spectral phase distribution, SSI provides valuable information about the optical dispersion affecting the spectral phase, which is related to the energy distribution of the laser pulses. SSI is a single-shot measurement process and has a low laser power requirement. However, the reconstruction algorithm involves numerous Fourier transform and filtering operations, which limits the applicability of SSI for real-time dispersion analysis. To address this issue, this Letter proposes a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based deep neural network to accelerate the spectral phase reconstruction and dispersion estimation process. The results show that the analysis time is improved from 124 to 9.27 ms, which represents a 13.4-fold improvement on the standard Fourier transform-based reconstruction algorithm.
Manipulation of the polarization state of the focus based on a slab plasmon waveguide
Authors: Liu Qian , Hou Yanxue , Li Jianmei , Wang Mingli , Sun Zhen , Mu Congpu
Published: January 2024

A focusing nanostructure with tailored polarization properties based on a metal–dielectric slab waveguide combined with plasmonic slits and gratings is proposed. The polarization state of the focus light can be controlled with overlapping a transverse magnetic (TM) focus and a transverse electric (TE) focus, which are formed by focusing the waveguide modes into free space via grating coupling, extraordinary transmission, and plasmonic beaming. We demonstrated that it is possible to achieve either multiple foci or a single focal spot of the transmitted light with tailored polarization states by judicious design of the structure parameter and the polarization state of the incident light.
Spatial resolution limit of single pixel imaging of complex light fields
Authors: Scheidt Dennis , Quinto-Su Pedro
Published: January 2024

Complex light fields with arbitrary amplitudes and phases can be measured by sampling them with an orthogonal basis (i.e. canonical, Hadamard) and performing single pixel interferometric measurements of the focused modes. In this work we show that when the spatial resolution of the sampling basis is coarser than the spatial resolution of the phase in the complex field, the measured reconstructed amplitude exhibits crosstalk with the phase, that is, phase information appears in the amplitude.
To demonstrate this phenomenon, we encode an arbitrary amplitude and phase with a spatial light modulator and compare measurements with simulations.
Blockchain for Artificial Intelligence (AI): enhancing compliance with the EU AI Act through distributed ledger technology. A cybersecurity perspective
Authors: Ramos Simona , Ellul Joshua
Published: January 2024

The article aims to investigate the potential of blockchain technology in mitigating certain cybersecurity risks associated with artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Aligned with ongoing regulatory deliberations within the European Union (EU) and the escalating demand for more resilient cybersecurity measures within the realm of AI, our analysis focuses on specific requirements outlined in the proposed AI Act. We argue that by leveraging blockchain technology, AI systems can align with some of the requirements in the AI Act, specifically relating to data governance, record-keeping, transparency and access control. The study shows how blockchain can successfully address certain attack vectors related to AI systems, such as data poisoning in trained AI models and data sets. Likewise, the article explores how specific parameters can be incorporated to restrict access to critical AI systems, with private keys enforcing these conditions through tamper-proof infrastructure. Additionally, the article analyses how blockchain can facilitate independent audits and verification of AI system behaviour. Overall, this article sheds light on the potential of blockchain technology in fortifying high-risk AI systems against cyber risks, contributing to the advancement of secure and trustworthy AI deployments. By providing an interdisciplinary perspective of cybersecurity in the AI domain, we aim to bridge the gap that exists between legal and technical research, supporting policy makers in their regulatory decisions concerning AI cyber risk management.
Harmonizing open banking in the European Union: an analysis of PSD2 compliance and interrelation with cybersecurity frameworks and standards
Authors: Gounari Marianna , Stergiopoulos George , Pipyros Kosmas , Gritzalis Dimitris
Published: January 2024

This paper focuses on the security protocols enacted in banking transactions across the European Economic Area (EEA), as stipulated by the Second or Revised Payment Service Directive (commonly referred to as ‘PSD2’ or simply ‘the Directive’). The study aims to comprehensively analyse the implementation and efficacy of these security measures within the specified jurisdiction. The Directive incorporates fundamental rights and obligations that all stakeholders are compelled to adhere to and delineates specific security measures and standards that both traditional banking institutions and third-party providers (TPP) are mandated to implement. In particular, one of the cardinal mandates for banking and financial institutions under PSD2 is the obligation to facilitate third-party access to customer data via open application programming interfaces (API). While this open banking paradigm and the consequent proliferation of data sharing unquestionably bring about various advantages, such as enhanced consumer choice and market competition, they concurrently expose the financial ecosystem to a slew of potential security vulnerabilities and privacy risks. Upon conducting a comprehensive review of the security requirements and measures stipulated under PSD2 and a comparative analysis with essential cybersecurity frameworks and standards (NIS2, Cybersecurity Act, GDPR, ISO 27001:22 and PCI DSS), we have ascertained a discernible lack of harmonisation and clarity concerning the technical security specifications for its effective implementation. This lacuna substantiates the challenges banks face in fully grasping the extensive spectrum of compliance obligations mandated by PSD2. The aim of this research is to offer a valuable contribution to both the comprehension and the pragmatic deployment of security standards in the context of banking transactions, as regulated by the PSD2. The paper serves as a valuable resource for traditional banking institutions and relevant stakeholders by guiding them through the complexities of PSD2 implementation while also evaluating the effects of the security measures on transactional safeguards, data security, and the provision of payment services.
Presaccadic attention does not facilitate the detection of changes in the visual field
Authors: Gupta Priyanka , Sridharan Devarajan
Published: January 2024

Planning a rapid eye movement (saccade) changes how we perceive our visual world. Even before we move the eyes visual discrimination sensitivity improves at the impending target of eye movements, a phenomenon termed “presaccadic attention.” Yet, it is unknown if such presaccadic selection merely affects perceptual sensitivity, or also affects downstream decisional processes, such as choice bias. We report a surprising lack of presaccadic perceptual benefits in a common, everyday setting—detection of changes in the visual field. Despite the lack of sensitivity benefits, choice bias for reporting changes increased reliably for the saccade target. With independent follow-up experiments, we show that presaccadic change detection is rendered more challenging because percepts at the saccade target location are biased toward, and more precise for, only the most recent of two successive stimuli. With a Bayesian model, we show how such perceptual and choice biases are crucial to explain the effects of saccade plans on change detection performance. In sum, visual change detection sensitivity does not improve presaccadically, a result that is readily explained by teasing apart distinct components of presaccadic selection. The findings may have critical implications for real-world scenarios, like driving, that require rapid gaze shifts in dynamically changing environments.
Features of virtual reality impact effectiveness of VR pain alleviation therapeutics in pediatric burn patients: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jain Soumil , Armstrong Megan , Luna John , Thakkar Rajan K. , Fabia Renata , Groner Jonathan I. , Noffsinger Dana , Ni Ai , Nelson Eric , Xiang Henry
Published: January 2024

Key features of virtual reality (VR) that impact the effectiveness of pain reduction remain unknown. We hypothesized that specific features of the VR experience significantly impact VR’s effectiveness in reducing pain during pediatric burn dressing care. Our randomized controlled trial included children 6 to 17 years (inclusive) who were treated in the outpatient clinic of an American Burn Association–verified pediatric burn center. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to active VR (playing the VR), passive VR (immersed in the same VR environment without interactions), or standard-of-care. On a scale from 0 to 100, participants rated overall pain (primary outcome) and features of the VR experience (game realism, fun, and engagement). Path analysis assessed the interrelationships among these VR key features and their impact on self-reported pain scores. From December 2016 to January 2019, a total of 412 patients were screened for eligibility, and 90 were randomly assigned (31 in the active VR group, 30 in the passive VR group, and 29 in the standard-of-care group). The current study only included those in the VR groups. The difference in median scores of VR features was not statistically significant between the active (realism, 77.5 [IQR: 50–100]; fun, 100 [IQR: 81–100]; engagement, 90 [IQR: 70–100]) and passive (realism, 72 [IQR: 29–99]; fun, 93.5 [IQR: 68–100]; engagement, 95 [IQR: 50–100]) VR distraction types. VR engagement had a significant direct (-0.39) and total (-0.44) effect on self-reported pain score (p<0.05). Key VR features significantly impact its effectiveness in pain reduction. The path model suggested an analgesic mechanism beyond distraction. Differences in VR feature scores partly explain active VR’s more significant analgesic effect than passive VR.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04544631.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted with COVID-19 at a public-sector hospital over the first two waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Harare, Zimbabwe: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Fryatt Arun , Chivandire Trevor , Simms Victoria , Chikide Perseverance , Munorwa Trymore , Simon Ellane , Sigwadhi Lovemore Nyasha , Kranzer Katharina , Magure Tsitsi M. , Maunganidze Aspect , Katsidzira Leolin , Ferrand Rashida A.
Published: January 2024

Background

We investigated the clinical profile, complications, and outcomes of inpatients with COVID-19 at Parirenyatwa Hospital, Harare, across the first two waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and factors associated with mortality.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study on all patients admitted to the COVID-19 unit. Data were extracted from medical records and negative binomial regression with robust standard errors was used to assess the association between sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and mortality. Cox Regression was used for sensitivity analysis.

Results

Of 563 people admitted with COVID-19 between 2 July 2020 and 19 March 2021, 214 (38.0%) died, 340 were discharged and 9 transferred. The median age was 56 (IQR 44–68) years and 53.8% were male. Overall, 38.8% experienced a complication, the most common being acute kidney injury (17.9%) and hyperglycaemia (13.1%). The most common comorbidity was hypertension (41.3%) followed by diabetes (28.6%), HIV (12.1%), cardiovascular disease (10.9%) and chronic kidney disease (7.8%). Among participants who stayed in the ward for more than 1 night, mortality was higher in patients with comorbidity compared to those without any comorbidity (38.7% vs 25.5%, risk ratio (RR) = 1.52 (95% CI 1.11, 2.07), p = 0.008). After adjusting for oxygen saturation, comorbidities, sex and pregnancy, mortality was higher in the second wave than in the first (adjusted RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.00–1.51, p = 0.05). In the second wave 57/161 (35.4%) deaths were attributed to lack of resources, mainly human resources.

Conclusion

The mortality rate was high and clinical COVID-19 care needs to pay careful attention to patient monitoring for complications and management of comorbidities. This will require addressing the critical health workforce shortage issues. Prevention of COVID-19 including vaccination particularly among individuals with comorbidities remains a high priority.