bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ISG15-Induced IL-10 Is a Novel Anti-Inflammatory Myeloid Axis Disrupted during Active Tuberculosis
Authors: dos Santos Paula Fernandes , Van Weyenbergh Johan , Delgobo Murilo , Oliveira Patricio Daniel de , Ferguson Brian J. , Guabiraba Rodrigo , Dierckx Tim , Menezes Soraya Maria , Báfica André , Mansur Daniel Santos
Published: January 2018

IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) deficiency in humans leads to severe IFNopathies and mycobacterial disease, the latter being previously attributed to its extracellular cytokine-like activity. In this study, we demonstrate a novel role for secreted ISG15 as an IL-10 inducer, unique to primary human monocytes. A balanced ISG15-induced monocyte/IL-10 versus lymphoid/IFN-γ expression, correlating with p38 MAPK and PI3K signaling, was found using targeted in vitro and ex vivo systems analysis of human transcriptomic datasets. The specificity and MAPK/PI3K-dependence of ISG15-induced monocyte IL-10 production was confirmed in vitro using CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and pharmacological inhibitors. Moreover, this ISG15/IL-10 axis was amplified in leprosy but disrupted in human active tuberculosis (TB) patients. Importantly, ISG15 strongly correlated with inflammation and disease severity during active TB, suggesting its potential use as a biomarker, awaiting clinical validation. In conclusion, this study identifies a novel anti-inflammatory ISG15/IL-10 myeloid axis that is disrupted in active TB.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy: Challenges to Bench-to-Bedside Efficacy
Authors: Srivastava Shivani , Riddell Stanley R.
Published: January 2018

Immunotherapy with T cells genetically modified to express chimeric Ag receptors (CARs) that target tumor-associated molecules have impressive efficacy in hematological malignancies. The field has now embraced the challenge of applying this approach to treat common epithelial malignancies, which make up the majority of cancer cases but evade immunologic attack by a variety of subversive mechanisms. In this study, we review the principles that have guided CAR T cell design and the extraordinary clinical results being achieved in B cell malignancies targeting CD19 with a single infusion of engineered T cells. This success has raised expectations that CAR T cells can be applied to solid tumors, but numerous obstacles must be overcome to achieve the success observed in hematologic cancers. Potential solutions driven by advances in genetic engineering, synthetic biology, T cell biology, and improved tumor models that recapitulate the obstacles in human tumors are discussed.
A Believer’s Overview of Cancer Immunosurveillance and Immunotherapy
Authors: Finn Olivera J.
Published: January 2018

The field of tumor immunology has grown around the idea that one of the important roles of the immune system is to eliminate cancer. This idea was difficult to reconcile with the accepted notion that the immune system evolved to distinguish self from nonself and therefore tumors derived from self-tissues would not be recognized. Lack of appropriate animal models prevented experimental testing of cancer immunosurveillance. This changed with the realization that the immune system evolved to recognize danger and with the advent of mouse models deficient in one or more immune function, which showed predicted increases in susceptibility to cancer. Simultaneously, technical advances that enabled the study of the human immune system provided data for the existence of tumor-specific T cells and Abs and led to molecular identification of tumor Ags, fully validating the cancer immunosurveillance hypothesis. Immunotherapy designed to strengthen cancer immunosurveillance has achieved unprecedented clinical successes.
Heterotaxy Syndrome with Intestinal Malrotation, Polysplenia and Azygos Continuity
Authors: Cupers Stéphanie , Van Linthout Christine , Desprechins Brigitte , Rausin Léon , Demarche Martine , Seghaye Marie-Christine
Published: January 2018

Heterotaxy syndrome is a situs anomaly that comprises a large spectrum of cardiac and extracardiac malformations. Its association with intestinal malrotation is frequent. This later might be asymptomatic or manifest by signs of abdominal discomfort or of intestinal obstruction. We report on the case of a full term, small for gestational age neonate in whom heterotaxy syndrome with partial situs inversus abdominalis, intestinal malrotation, polysplenia and vena azygos continuity was diagnosed at prenatal echography. Due to the high risk of volvulus carried by the malrotation, Ladd’s procedure was performed at the age of two months. Follow-up examination at the age of four years shows excellent post-operative result and normal development of the child.
Pectus Updates and Special Considerations in Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Fraser Stephanie , Child Anne , Hunt Ian
Published: January 2018

Congenital chest wall or pectus deformities including pectus excavatum (funnel chest) and pectus carinatum (pigeon chest) affect a significant proportion of the general population and up to 70% of patients with Marfan syndrome. Patients often experience significant morbidity and psychological distress, which can worsen with age. Here we discuss new techniques for both operative and non-operative treatment of pectus deformity, the importance of a welltimed intervention and special considerations in patients with Marfan syndrome.
The Importance of Negative and Neutral Studies for Advancing Clinical Practice
Authors: Bresee Lauren
Published: January 2018

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La valeur d’une vision
Authors: Fitch Patrick
Published: January 2018

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The Value of Vision
Authors: Fitch Patrick
Published: January 2018

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What moves the Beveridge curve and the Phillips curve: an agent-based analysis
Authors: Chen Siyan , Desiderio Saul
Published: January 2018

Understanding what moves the Phillips curve is important to monetary policy. Because the Phillips curve has experienced over time movements similar to those characterizing the Beveridge curve, the authors jointly analyze the two phenomena. They do that through an agent-based macro model based on adaptive micro-foundations, which works fairly well in replicating a number of stylized facts, including the Beveridge curve, the Phillips curve and the Okun curve. By Monte Carlo experiments they explore the mechanisms behind the movements of the Beveridge curve and the Phillips curve. They discovered that shifts of the Beveridge curve are best explained by the intensity of worker reallocation. Reallocation also shifts the Phillips curve in the same direction, suggesting that it may be the reason behind the similarity of the patterns historically recorded for these two curves. This finding may shed new light on what moves the Phillips curve and might have direct implications for the conduction of monetary policy.
Convective environment in pre-monsoon and monsoon conditions
over the Indian subcontinent: the impact of surface forcing
Authors: Thomas Lois , Malap Neelam , Grabowski Wojciech W. , Dani Kundan , Prabhakran Thara V.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Thermodynamic soundings for premonsoon and monsoon seasons from the Indian subcontinent are analyzed to document differences between convective environments. Pre-monsoon environment features more variability for both near surface moisture and free-tropospheric temperature and moisture profiles. As a result, level of neutral buoyancy (LNB) and pseudo-adiabatic Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) vary more for the pre-monsoon environment. Pre-monsoon soundings also feature higher Lifting Condensation Levels (LCLs). LCL heights are shown to depend on the availability of surface moisture, with low LCLs corresponding to high surface humidity arguably because of the availability of soil moisture. A simple theoretical argument is developed and showed to mimic the observed relationship between LCL and surface moisture. We argue that the key element is the partitioning of surface energy flux into its sensible and latent components, that is, the surface Bowen ratio, and the way Bowen ratio affects surface buoyancy flux. We support our argument with observations of changes in the Bowen ratio and LCL height around the monsoon onset, and with idealized simulations of cloud fields driven by surface heat fluxes with different Bowen ratios.
Electrodynamic balance–mass spectrometry of single particles as a new platform for atmospheric chemistry research
Authors: Birdsall Adam W. , Krieger Ulrich K. , Keutsch Frank N.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. New analytical techniques are needed to improve our understanding of the intertwined physical and chemical processes that
affect the composition of aerosol particles in the Earth's atmosphere, such as gas–particle partitioning and homogenous
or heterogeneous chemistry, and their ultimate relation to air quality and climate. We describe a new laboratory setup
that couples an electrodynamic balance (EDB) to a mass spectrometer (MS). The EDB stores a single laboratory-generated
particle in an electric field under atmospheric conditions for an arbitrarily long length of time. The particle is then
transferred via gas flow to an ionization region that vaporizes and ionizes the analyte molecules before MS
measurement. We demonstrate the feasibility of the technique by tracking evaporation of polyethylene glycol molecules and
finding agreement with a kinetic model. Fitting data to the kinetic model also allows determination of vapor pressures to
within a factor of 2. This EDB–MS system can be used to study fundamental chemical and physical processes involving
particles that are difficult to isolate and study with other techniques. The results of such measurements can be used to
improve our understanding of atmospheric particles.
Energy conversion through mass loading of escaping ionospheric ions for different Kp values
Authors: Yamauchi Masatoshi , Slapak Rikard
Published: January 2018

Abstract. By conserving momentum during the mixing of fast solar wind flow and slow planetary ion flow in an inelastic way, mass loading converts kinetic energy to other forms – e.g. first to electrical energy through charge separation and then to thermal energy (randomness) through gyromotion of the newly born cold ions for the comet and Mars cases. Here, we consider the Earth's exterior cusp and plasma mantle, where the ionospheric origin escaping ions with finite temperatures are loaded into the decelerated solar wind flow. Due to direct connectivity to the ionosphere through the geomagnetic field, a large part of this electrical energy is consumed to maintain field-aligned currents (FACs) toward the ionosphere, in a similar manner as the solar wind-driven ionospheric convection in the open geomagnetic field region. We show that the energy extraction rate by the mass loading of escaping ions (ΔK) is sufficient to explain the cusp FACs, and that ΔK depends only on the solar wind velocity accessing the mass-loading region (usw) and the total mass flux of the escaping ions into this region (mloadFload), as ΔK ∼ −mloadFloadu2sw∕4. The expected distribution of the separated charges by this process also predicts the observed flowing directions of the cusp FACs for different interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientations if we include the deflection of the solar wind flow directions in the exterior cusp. Using empirical relations of u0 ∝ Kp + 1.2 and Fload ∝ exp(0.45Kp) for Kp = 1–7, where u0 is the solar wind velocity upstream of the bow shock, ΔK becomes a simple function of Kp as log10(ΔK) = 0.2 ⋅ Kp + 2 ⋅ log10(Kp + 1.2) + constant. The major contribution of this nearly linear increase is the Fload term, i.e. positive feedback between the increase of ion escaping rate Fload through the increased energy consumption in the ionosphere for high Kp, and subsequent extraction of more kinetic energy ΔK from the solar wind to the current system by the increased Fload. Since Fload significantly increases for increased flux of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation, high EUV flux may significantly enhance this positive feedback. Therefore, the ion escape rate and the energy extraction by mass loading during ancient Earth, when the Sun is believed to have emitted much higher EUV flux than at present, could have been even higher than the currently available highest values based on Kp = 9. This raises a possibility that the ion escape has substantially contributed to the evolution of the Earth's atmosphere.
Soil solution phosphorus turnover: derivation, interpretation, and insights from a global compilation of isotope exchange kinetic studies
Authors: Helfenstein Julian , Jegminat Jannes , McLaren Timothy I. , Frossard Emmanuel
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The exchange rate of inorganic phosphorus (P) between the
soil solution and solid phase, also known as soil solution P turnover, is
essential for describing the kinetics of bioavailable P. While soil solution
P turnover (Km) can be determined by tracing radioisotopes in a
soil–solution system, few studies have done so. We believe that this is due
to a lack of understanding on how to derive Km from isotopic exchange
kinetic (IEK) experiments, a common form of radioisotope dilution study.
Here, we provide a derivation of calculating Km using parameters
obtained from IEK experiments. We then calculated Km for 217 soils from
published IEK experiments in terrestrial ecosystems, and also that of 18
long-term P fertilizer field experiments. Analysis of the global compilation
data set revealed a negative relationship between concentrations of soil
solution P and Km. Furthermore, Km buffered isotopically
exchangeable P in soils with low concentrations of soil solution P. This
finding was supported by an analysis of long-term P fertilizer field
experiments, which revealed a negative relationship between Km and
phosphate-buffering capacity. Our study highlights the importance of
calculating Km for understanding the kinetics of P between the soil
solid and solution phases where it is bioavailable. We argue that our
derivation can also be used to calculate soil solution turnover of other
environmentally relevant and strongly sorbing elements that can be traced
with radioisotopes, such as zinc, cadmium, nickel, arsenic, and uranium.
The R package eseis – a comprehensive software toolbox for
environmental seismology
Authors: Dietze Michael
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Environmental seismology is the study of the seismic signals emitted by Earth surface processes. This emerging research field is at the seams of seismology, geomorphology, hydrology, meteorology, and further Earth science disciplines. It amalgamates a wide variety of methods from across these disciplines and, ultimately, fuses them in a common analysis environment. This overarching scope of environmental seismology asks for a coherent, yet integrative software, which is accepted by many of the involved scientific disciplines. The statistic software R has gained paramount importance in the majority of data science research fields. R has well justified advances over other, mostly commercial software, which makes it the ideal language to base a comprehensive analysis toolbox on. The article introduces the avenues and needs of environmental seismology, and how these are met by the R package eseis. The conceptual structure, example data sets and available functions are demonstrated. Worked examples illustrate possible applications of the package and in depth descriptions of the flexible use of the functions. The package is available under the GPL license on the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) and maintained on Github.
Overview of the Meso-NH model version 5.4 and its applications
Authors: Lac Christine , Chaboureau Jean-Pierre , Masson Valéry , Pinty Jean-Pierre , Tulet Pierre , Escobar Juan , Leriche Maud , Barthe Christelle , Aouizerats Benjamin , Augros Clotilde , Aumond Pierre , Auguste Franck , Bechtold Peter , Berthet Sarah , Bieilli Soline , Bosseur Frédéric , Caumont Olivier , Cohard Jean-Martial , Colin Jeanne , Couvreux Fleur , Cuxart Joan , Delautier Gaëlle , Dauhut Thibaut , Ducrocq Véronique , Filippi Jean-Baptiste , Gazen Didier , Geoffroy Olivier , Gheusi François , Honnert Rachel , Lafore Jean-Philippe , Lebeaupin Brossier Cindy , Libois Quentin , Lunet Thibaut , Mari Céline , Maric Tomislav , Mascart Patrick , Mogé Maxime , Molinié Gilles , Nuissier Olivier , Pantillon Florian , Peyrillé Philippe , Pergaud Julien , Perraud Emilie , Pianezze Joris , Redelsperger Jean-Luc , Ricard Didier , Richard Evelyne , Riette Sébastien , Rodier Quentin , Schoetter Robert , Seyfried Léo , Stein Joël , Suhre Karsten , Taufour Marie , Taufour Marie , Thouron Odile , Turner Sandra , Verrelle Antoine , Vié Benoît , Visentin Florian , Vionnet Vincent , Wautelet Philippe
Published: January 2018

Abstract. This paper presents the Meso-NH model version 5.4. Meso-NH is an atmospheric non hydrostatic research model that is applied to a broad range of resolutions, from synoptic to turbulent scales, and is designed for studies of physics and chemistry. It is a limited-area model employing advanced numerical techniques, including monotonic advection schemes for scalar transport and fourth-order centered or odd-order WENO advection schemes for momentum. The model includes state-of- the-art physics parameterization schemes that are important to represent convective-scale phenomena and turbulent eddies, as well as flows at larger scales. In addition, Meso-NH has been expanded to provide capabilities for a range of Earth system prediction applications such as chemistry and aerosols, electricity and lightning, hydrology, wildland fires, volcanic eruptions and cyclones with ocean coupling. Here, we present the main innovations to the dynamics and physics of the code since the pioneer paper of Lafore et al. (1998) and provide an overview of recent applications and couplings.
Assimilation of river discharge in a land surface model to improve estimates of the continental water cycles
Authors: Wang Fuxing , Polcher Jan , Peylin Philippe , Bastrikov Vladislav
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The river discharge plays an important role in earth’s water cycles, but it is difficult to estimate due to un-gauged rivers, human activities, and measurement errors. One approach is based on the observed flux and a simple annual water balance model (ignoring human processes) for ungauged rivers, but it only provides annual mean values which is insufficient for oceanic modellings. Another way is by forcing a land surface model (LSM) with atmospheric conditions. It provides daily values but with uncertainties associated to models. We use data assimilation techniques by merging the modelled river discharges by ORCHIDEE (without human processes currently) LSM and the observations from Global Runoff Data Center (GRDC) to obtain optimized discharges over the entire basin. The model systematic errors and human impacts (e.g., dam operation, irrigation, etc.) are taken into account by an optimization parameter x (with annual variation), which is applied to correct model intermediate variables runoff and drainage over each sub-watershed. The method is illustrated over Iberian Peninsula with 27 GRDC stations over the period 1979–1989. ORCHDIEE represents a realistic discharge over north of Iberian Peninsula with small model systematic errors, while the model overestimates discharges by 30 %–150 % over south and northeast region where the blue water footprint is large. The bias (absolute value) has been significantly reduced to less than 30 % after assimilation, and the assimilation result is not sensitive to assimilation strategies. This method also corrects the discharge bias for the basins without observations assimilated by extrapolating the correction from adjacent basins. The correction increases the inter-annual variability of river discharge because of the fluctuation of water usage. The E (P-E) of GLEAM (Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model, v3.1a) is lower (higher) than the bias corrected value, which could be due to the different P forcing and probably the missing processes in the GLEAM model.
Now You See It Now You Don’t: A Case Study of Ephemeral
Snowpacks in the Great Basin U.S.A.
Authors: Petersky Rose , Harpold Adrian
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Ephemeral snowpacks, or those that routinely experience accumulation and ablation at the same time and persist for <60 days, are challenging to observe and model. Using 328 site years from the Great Basin, we show that ephemeral snowmelt delivers water earlier than seasonal snowmelt. For example, we found that day of peak soil moisture preceded day of last snowmelt in the Great Basin by 79 days for shallow soil moisture in ephemeral snowmelt compared to 5 days for seasonal snowmelt. To understand Great Basin snow distribution, we used moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Snow Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) data from water years 2005–2014 to map snow extent. During this time period snowpack was highly variable. The maximum seasonal snow cover was 64 % in 2010 and the minimum was 24 % in 2014. We found that elevation had a strong control on snow ephemerality, and nearly all snowpacks over 2500 m were seasonal. Snowpacks were more likely to be ephemeral on south facing slopes than north facing slopes at elevations above 2500 m. Additionally, we used SNODAS-derived estimates of solid and liquid precipitation, melt, sublimation, and blowing snow sublimation to define snow ephemerality mechanisms. In warm years, the Great Basin shifts to ephemerally dominant as the rain-snow transition increases in elevation. Given that snow ephemerality is expected to increase as a consequence of climate change, we put forward several challenges and recommendations to bolster physics based modeling of ephemeral snow such as better metrics for snow ephemerality and more ground-based observations.
Technical note: Space-time analysis of rainfall extremes in Italy: clues from a reconciled dataset
Authors: Libertino Andrea , Ganora Daniele , Claps Pierluigi
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Like other Mediterranean areas, Italy is prone to the development of events with explosive rainfall intensity, lasting for several hours. The main triggering mechanisms of these events are quite well known but the aim of developing rainstorm hazard maps compatible with their actual probability of occurrence is still far from being reached. A systematic frequency analysis of these occasional highly intense events would require a complete countrywide dataset of sub-daily rainfall records, but this kind of information was still lacking for the Italian territory. In this work several sources of data are gathered, for assembling the first comprehensive and updated dataset of extreme rainfall of short duration in Italy. The resulting dataset, referred to as Italian Rainfall Extreme Dataset (I-RED), includes the annual maximum rainfalls recorded in 1 to 24 consecutive hours from more than 4500 stations across the country, spanning the period between 1916 and 2014. A detailed description of the spatial and temporal coverage of the I-RED is presented, together with an exploratory statistical analysis aimed at providing preliminary information on the climatology of extreme rainfall at the national scale. Taking into account the potentialities emerging from the analysis, a description of the ongoing and planned future work activities on the database is provided.
Comparison of performance of tile drainage routines in SWAT 2009 and 2012 in an extensively tile-drained watershed in the Midwest
Authors: Guo Tian , Gitau Margaret , Merwade Venkatesh , Arnold Jeffrey , Srinivasan Raghavan , Hirschi Michael , Engel Bernard
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Subsurface tile drainage systems are widely used in agricultural watersheds in the Midwestern US and enable the Midwest area to become highly productive agricultural lands, but can also create environmental problems, for example nitrate-N contamination associated with drainage waters. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been used to model watersheds with tile drainage. SWAT2012 revisions 615 and 645 provide new tile drainage routines. However, few studies have used these revisions to study tile drainage impacts at both field and watershed scales. Moreover, SWAT2012 revision 645 improved the soil moisture based curve number calculation method, which has not been fully tested. This study used long-term (1991–2003) field site and river station data from the Little Vermilion River (LVR) watershed to evaluate performance of tile drainage routines in SWAT2009 revision 528 (the old routine) and SWAT2012 revisions 615 and 645 (the new routine). Both the old and new routines provided reasonable but unsatisfactory (NSE  <  0.5) uncalibrated flow and nitrate loss results for a mildly sloped watershed with low runoff. The calibrated monthly tile flow, surface flow, nitrate-N in tile and surface flow, sediment and annual corn and soybean yield results from SWAT with the old and new tile drainage routines were compared with observed values. Generally, the new routine provided acceptable simulated tile flow (NSE  =  0.48–0.65) and nitrate in tile flow (NSE  =  0.48–0.68) for field sites with random pattern tile and constant tile spacing, while the old routine simulated tile flow and nitrate in tile flow results for the field site with constant tile spacing were unacceptable (NSE  =  0.00–0.32 and −0.29–0.06, respectively). The new modified curve number calculation method in revision 645 (NSE  =  0.50–0.81) better simulated surface runoff than revision 615 (NSE  =  −0.11–0.49). The calibration provided reasonable parameter sets for the old and new routines in the LVR watershed, and the validation results showed that the new routine has the potential to accurately simulate hydrologic processes in mildly sloped watersheds.
Detection of collapsed buildings from lidar data due to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in Japan
Authors: Moya Luis , Yamazaki Fumio , Liu Wen , Yamada Masumi
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence was triggered by an Mw 6.2 event at 21:26 on 14 April. Approximately 28 h later, at 01:25 on 16 April, an Mw 7.0 event (the mainshock) followed. The epicenters of both events were located near the residential area of Mashiki and affected the region nearby. Due to very strong seismic ground motion, the earthquake produced extensive damage to buildings and infrastructure. In this paper, collapsed buildings were detected using a pair of digital surface models (DSMs), taken before and after the 16 April mainshock by airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) flights. Different methods were evaluated to identify collapsed buildings from the DSMs. The change in average elevation within a building footprint was found to be the most important factor. Finally, the distribution of collapsed buildings in the study area was presented, and the result was consistent with that of a building damage survey performed after the earthquake.
Characterizing the nature and variability of avalanche hazard in western Canada
Authors: Shandro Bret , Haegeli Pascal
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The snow and avalanche climate types maritime, continental and transitional are well established and have been used extensively to characterize the general nature of avalanche hazard at a location, study interseasonal and large-scale spatial variabilities and provide context for the design of avalanche safety operations. While researchers and practitioners have an experience-based understanding of the avalanche hazard associated with the three climate types, no studies have described the hazard character of an avalanche climate in detail. Since the 2009/10 winter, the consistent use of Statham et al.'s (2017) conceptual model of avalanche hazard in public avalanche bulletins in Canada created a new quantitative record of avalanche hazard that offers novel opportunities for addressing this knowledge gap. We identified typical daily avalanche hazard situations using Self Organizing Maps (SOM) and then calculated seasonal prevalence values of these situations. This approach produces a concise characterization measure that is conducive to statistical analyses, but still provides a comprehensive picture that is informative for avalanche risk management due to its link to avalanche problem types. Hazard situation prevalence values for individual seasons, elevations bands and forecast regions provide unprecedented insight into the interseasonal and spatial variability of avalanche hazard in western Canada.
Wind tunnel experiments on wind turbine wakes in yaw:
Redefining the wake width
Authors: Schottler Jannik , Bartl Jan , Mühle Franz , Sætran Lars , Peinke Joachim , Hölling Michael
Published: January 2018

Abstract. This paper presents an investigation of wakes behind model wind turbines, including cases of yaw misalignment. Two different turbines were used and their wakes are compared, isolating effects of boundary conditions and turbine specifications. Laser Doppler Anemometry was used to scan a full plane of a wake normal to the main fow direction, 6 rotor diameters downstream of the respective turbine. The wakes of both turbines are compared in terms of the time averaged main flow component, the turbulent kinetic energy and the distribution of velocity increments. The shape of the velocity increments' distributions is quantified by the shape parameter λ2. The results show that areas of strongly heavy-tailed distributed velocity increments are surrounding the velocity deficit in all cases examined. Thus, a wake is significantly wider when two-point statistics are included as opposed to a description limited to one-point quantities. As non-Gaussian distributions of velocity increments affect loads of downstream rotors, our findings impact the application of active wake steering through yaw misalignment as well as wind farm layout optimizations and should therefore be considered in future wake studies, wind farm layout and farm control approaches. Further, the velocity deficits behind both turbines are deformed to a kidney-like curled shape during yaw misalignment, for which parameterization methods are introduced. Moreover, the lateral wake deflection during yaw misalignment is investigated.
Wind tunnel experiments on wind turbine wakes in yaw: Effects of inflow turbulence and shear
Authors: Bartl Jan , Mühle Franz , Schottler Jannik , Sætran Lars , Peinke Joachim , Adaramola Muyiwa , Hölling Michael
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The wake characteristics behind a yawed model wind turbine exposed to different customized inflow conditions are investigated. Laser Doppler Anemometry is used to measure the wake flow in two planes at x/D = 3 and x/D = 6 while the turbine yaw angle is varied from −30° and 0° to +30°. The objective is to assess the influence of grid-generated inflow turbulence and shear on the mean and turbulent flow components. The wake flow is observed to be asymmetric with respect to negative and positive yaw angles. A counter-rotating vortex pair is detected creating a kidney-shaped velocity deficit for all inflow conditions. Exposing the rotor to non-uniform shear inflow changes the mean and turbulent wake characteristics only insignificantly. At low inflow turbulence the curled wake shape and wake center deflection are more pronounced than at high inflow turbulence. For a yawed turbine the rotor-generated turbulence profiles peak in regions of strong mean velocity gradients, while the levels of peak turbulence decrease at approximately the same rate as the rotor thrust.
Socratic Seminars for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Nouri Ali , Pihlgren Ann
Published: January 2018

This paper explores the possibilities of the pedagogical use of Socratic dialogue as a basis for educating students diagnosed with autism. The Socratic dialogue is a particular pedagogical method used in educational settings to enhance student’s thinking and dialogic abilities. Research has proven that Socratic dialogue may result in improved language, interactive, and critical thinking abilities, as well as have effect on students’ self-evaluation. The social nature of dialogic learning may scaffold children with specific abilities to effectively interact with others and perceive those others’ emotions. Presently, education of students diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) use a variety of educational interventions, mostly inspired by behaviorist theory. These include little or no systematic use of dialogue as a pedagogical means of scaffolding students' abilities. However, several of these behaviorist methods have been tried out for a long period, educating students with ASDs, and have also proved to be successful to certain extents. In this article, we explore why and how Socratic dialogue can be used as an effective strategy for educating individuals diagnosed with autism. Hence, the investigation ends by introducing a dialogue-based teaching design that is compatible for children diagnosed with ASDs, to be explored and evaluate.
Relating dialogue and dialectics: a philosophical perspective
Authors: Dafermos Manolis
Published: January 2018

Dialectics and a dialogical approach constitute two distinct theoretical frameworks with long intellectual histories. The question of relations between dialogue and dialectics provokes discussions in academic communities. The present paper highlights the need to clarify the concepts ‘dialogue’ and ‘dialectics’ and explore their origins in the history of human thought. The paper attempts to examine mutual relations between dialectics and dialogue in a historical perspective and develop a theoretical reconstruction of their philosophical underpinnings. It proposes to deal with challenges connected with the creation of spaces for sharing and mutual enrichment between dialogue and dialectics.
Manual educativo de cuidados no pós-operatório de revascularização miocárdica: uma ferramenta para pacientes e familiares
Authors: Gentil Luana Llagostera Sillano , Silva Rodrigo Marques da , Benavente Sonia Betzabeth Ticona , Costa Ana Lucia Siqueira
Published: January 2018

Elaborou-se um manual educativo para o autocuidado de pacientes revascularizados após a alta hospitalar. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico cuja coleta ocorreu entre fevereiro e abril de 2012 junto a oito peritos em cardiología e 35 pacientes/familiares. Realizou-se a validação de conteúdo e de face junto a oito pacientes/familares e oito peritos. Dos 46 itens propostos, os pacientes/familiares classificaram 26 itens (57%) como muito importante (concordância entre 91,4% e 100%) e os peritos 29 itens (63%) como muito importante (concordância igual ou superior a 75%). Selecionaram-se 36 itens distribuídos em 26 categoriais para o manual final. Houve 100% de concordância de pacientes/familiares e peritos quanto ao conteúdo, linguagem e ilustrações. A ferramenta apresentou validade semântica e adequação de conteúdo para a população, sendo capaz de reduzir complicações decorrentes do despreparo para o autocuidado, reduzindo o número de reinternações e os custos hospitalares, além de sistematizar o ensino pós-operatório.
Attitudes of intensive care nurses towards pressure ulcer prevention
Authors: Habiballah Laila
Published: January 2018

Background: The development of pressure ulcer is a common problem across a full range of healthcare settings, including intensive care units. Nurses’ attitudes towards pressure ulcer prevention have an important influence on their ability to deliver this practice. Aim: To assess nurses’ attitude towards pressure ulcer prevention and to identify any factors that could affect theseattitudes.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the ICUs of three conveniently selected hospitals in Jordan. Data were collected from 112 nurses working in intensive care units in three hospitals in Jordan by means of a self-administered questionnaire. An attitudes towards pressure ulcer prevention tool designed by Moore and Price was used to collect the data.Results: Intensive care nurses hold positive attitudes towards pressure ulcer prevention. Both nurses’ experience and previous training on pressure ulcer prevention were the most significant predictors of these attitudes.Conclusions: Positive attitudes should be supported since nurses with a positive attitude will be more willing to implement pressure ulcer prevention measures. Any barriers which exist to prevent nurses who have a positive attitude from delivering the prevention strategies should be investigated.
The Role of Forensic Accounting in Limiting Tax Evasion in the Jordanian Public Industrial Shareholding Companies through the Perspective of Jordanian Auditors
Authors: Al-Sharairi Mohammad Enizan
Published: January 2018

This study aims at identifying the role of forensic accounting in limiting tax evasion in the Jordanian public industrial shareholding companies as well as identifying the most modern methods followed by the Jordanian industrial companies to evade the payment of due taxes. The study also concentrated on clarifying the fields in which forensic accounting is applied and reasons for its appearance. The researcher chose a random sample of external auditors affiliated to the Jordanian association of certified public accountants (JACPA) who had audited the financial statements of the public shareholding industrial companies in Jordan. The study produced a number of important results and recommendations most significantly that there is no statistically significant role of the forensic accounting in limiting the acquisition method of accounting and the misuse of materiality as methods of tax evasion followed in the Jordanian industrial companies, and that there is a statistically significant role of the forensic accounting in limiting the use of accounting estimates and revenue recognition as methods of tax evasion followed byJordanian industrial companies. The researcher also recommends for the competent governmental authorities to activate the role of forensic accounting as a method to limit the cases of tax evasion.
Tensiones entre la historiografía y la narrativa histórica. Doña Inés contra el olvido, de Ana Teresa Torres
Authors: Osorio Amoretti Omar
Published: January 2018

Este trabajo estudia cómo, debido a la aparición de crisis históricas en el orden económico e institucional de la nación, la novela de Ana Teresa Torres representa un proceso sociopolítico pesimista y genera espacios de tensión con la historiografía venezolana —especialmente la decimonónica de vertiente romántica que enarbola un sentido épico y melodramático del pasado y aquella del siglo XX que interpreta el acontecer nacional como una marcha progresiva de cambios positivos—, mediante la exposición tanto de una dimensión social marginada como de ciertas continuidades negativas presentes en el transcurrir histórico del país.
Maximiliano: un Quijote mexicano en Noticias del Imperio de Fernando del Paso
Authors: Wolfenzon Carolyn
Published: January 2018

En Noticias del Imperio de Fernando del Paso, el autor construye al personaje histórico del emperador Maximiliano bajo el molde de El Quijote y Blasio, su escribiente, es una adaptación mexicanizada de Sancho Panza. En un plano estructural esta relación se mantiene: Noticias del Imperio como El Quijote pone en primer plano el proceso de su propia construcción. Ambos son textos metatextuales pero con una diferencia: mientras que el personaje del Quijote es el agente de su propia construcción y se convierte en caballero andante por voluntad propia, el Quijote mexicano, Maximiliano, se deja llevar, volviéndose una copia del primero. Se convierte en un títere del poder al que aspiran los franceses en México. Maximiliano, o el Quijote mexicano que construye Del Paso, es inconsciente de que se está volviendo un Quijote y que está perdiendo la razón. En su caso, esta locura, no es producto del exceso de lecturas, sino de la coyuntura política de un país caótico que vive dos guerras simultáneas, donde sus principales aliados lo dejan solo en un país ajeno.
La ruta del ahayu watan: realismo psíquico para leer El pez de oro (1957) de Gamaliel Churata
Authors: Hermoza Luis Miguel
Published: January 2018

En la primera mitad del siglo XX., Gamaliel Churata construyó una propuesta teórica capaz de conceptualizar una nueva identidad americana, superar las deficiencias del indigenismo y permitir al americano superar los problemas que plantea la modernidad. Estaba sustentada en la valoración de las raíces del continente e interacción con diversas cosmovisiones, en especial la occidental que no rechaza como elemento de la americanidad. Paso necesario era abandonar el logocentrismo y asimilar la cosmovisión andina que permite el encuentro de elementos irreconciliables para occidente. No obstante, Gamaliel Churata tiene que elaborar otros categoremas para que el engranaje funcione; por ejemplo, el realismo psíquico, del cual su obra El pez de oro es plasmación literaria.
Forma novelesca, violencia y mercado: una novela histórica chilena del siglo XXI
Authors: Hernández Tello Carlos Alexis
Published: January 2018

El desarrollo de la novela histórica chilena del siglo XXI es un fenómeno que no puede desligarse de las transformaciones económicas experimentadas por el país durante las últimas cuatro décadas, así como tampoco de los hechos de violencia y terror que fueron necesarios durante el proceso dictatorial para la implementación forzada de la nueva ortodoxia neoliberal. En ese sentido, el artículo pretende desplegar una reflexión sobre las formas que ha ido adquiriendo la novela histórica nacional en el marco de dicho modelo económico, y en el que la disolución del binarismo ficción-realidad constituye el principal rasgo de las formas novelescas que inauguran la producción de novelas históricas chilenas del siglo en curso.
Literatura, historia y antibelicismo en Los derrotados, de Pablo Montoya
Authors: Saldarriaga Gutiérrez Sebastián
Published: January 2018

En este ensayo se reflexiona sobre Los derrotados, una novela del escritor colombiano Pablo Montoya. La obra gira en torno a la figura de Francisco José de Caldas, un científico que ha trascendido como prócer de la Independencia colombiana. Tomando como puntos de partida la filosofía de la historia y diversos estudios sobre novela histórica, se analiza el proyecto ético y estético de Los derrotados, así como su relación con el pasado y el presente de la violencia colombiana.
Una mirada sesgada a la novela histórica de Colombia
Authors: Moreno Blanco Juan
Published: January 2018

En las últimas décadas hay en Colombia una tensión permanente entre la historiografía republicana y la novela histórica. Este trabajo intenta una interpretación de esa tensión y da ejemplos de novelas que ponen en juicio la “verdad” oficial sobre el pasado y proponen proyectos de pasado que reconocen las alteridades culturales al interior de la nación. Por la vía de la ficción y la puesta en intriga de esas alteridades en cronotopos del pasado nacional, la novela histórica cumpliría un papel precursor de los procesos de reconocimiento y reparación de la memoria plural en el presente colombiano de posconflicto.
El hombre que amaba a los perros: la historia revisitada desde el policial posmo
Authors: Westphalen Rodríguez Yolanda
Published: January 2018

El hombre que amaba a los perros es una novela que subvierte el prototipo modélico de la novela policial iberoamericana contemporánea, y al hacerlo combina de forma ecléctica diversos géneros: se trata de un pastiche, entre novela histórica y novela negra policial, entre novela psicológica y de denuncia social. Lo que surge de esta hibridación es un neopolicial histórico que —por su carácter dialógico y polifónico, mediante la autoconsciencia y la autorreflexividad metaficcional— renueva tanto a la novela histórica como a la policial, y se inscribe dentro de la estrategia narrativa y discursiva de la posmodernidad.
Virtual laboratory methodology in
scientific researches and education
Authors: Honysz R. , Dobrzański L.A.
Published: January 2018

Purpose: This article is presenting the Material Science Virtual Laboratory. Developed
laboratory is an open scientific, investigative, simulating and didactic medium helpful
in the realisation of the scientific and didactic tasks in the field of material Science. It is
implemented in the Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials of Silesian University
of Technology in Gliwice, Poland.
Design/methodology/approach: The laboratory is a set of testers and training
simulators, set in the Virtuality and created in several languages and the programming
techniques, which interprets the properties, functionality and manual rules of actual
equipment installed and accessible in the real science labs of scientific universities.
Findings: Application of the equipment, that is practically imperishable, cheap in
exploitation and ease in the use encourages students and scientific workers to independent
audits and experiments in places, where the possibilities of their performance in the real
investigative laboratory will be restricted because of the high material costs, difficult access
to real equipment or the possible peril of his impairment.
Research limitations/implications: The proposed solutions allow the utilisation of the
developed virtual environment as a new medium in both, the scientific work performed
remotely, as well as in education during classes.
Practical implications: The usage possibilities of the virtual laboratory are practically
unrestricted; it can be a foundation for any surveys, course or training plan.
Originality/value: The project of the virtual laboratory corresponds with the global
tendency for expand the investigative and academic centres about the possibilities of training
and experiments performance with use of the virtual reality. This enriches investigation and
training programmes of the new abilities reserved so far exclusively for effecting only on
actual equipment.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in the retromolar region of mandible
Authors: Souza Fabrício Tinôco Alvim de , Siqueira Elisa Carvalho de , Trajano Viviane Carvalho da Cunha , Lacerda Júlio César Tanos de , Aguiar Maria Cássia Ferreira de , Mesquita Ricardo Alves de
Published: January 2018

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a soft tissue tumor that is most common in lungs but it can be located in a large variety of anatomical sites. The occurrence in the oral cavity is rare and exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical behavior. This article is a case report and review of the literature of oral IMT presentation. Here, we report an unusual IMT in retromolar region on the left side in a 21-year old female patient. This is the second case of IMT in this anatomic region reported in English-language literature. IMT case reports are important to better understand the clinical, histopathological and behavioural aspects of this tumor. The complete surgical excision of the tumor seems to be the effective treatment.
Influence of orotracheal intubation on preterm infant palate shape between 12 and 24 months old
Authors: Costa Soraya Carvalho da , Santos Maria Teresa Botti Rodrigues dos , Carvalho Werther Brunow de , Miyazato Denize Gomes , Ceccon Maria Esther Jurfest Rivero , Diniz Edna Maria de Albuquerque
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is indicated in diverse clinical situations in which the individual develops acute or chronic respiratory failure. Objective: To eva- luate the palate shape of preterm infants aged 12 to 24 months who were submitted to orotracheal intubation (OTI) and mechanical ventilation. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included preterm infants submitted to MV by OTI for at least seven days, who weighed less than 2000 g at birth, and were attended at the Preterm Infant Care Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital of the University of São Paulo and the Premature Infant Outpatient Clinic of the Children’s Institute of the Clinics Hospital of the School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo. Sociodemographic data were collected from neonatal medical records of the participating children. The oral cavity was examined to classify palate shape into square, narrow or ovoid. Statistical analyses were performed using the ANOVA F, Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests, with a 5% significance level. Results: The mean period of OTI was 25.3 ± 25.8 days, and the children presented a significantly higher percentage of narrow shaped palate (p<0.001). Conclusion: The palate in preterm infants submitted to invasive MV by OTI is predominantly narrow and deep.