bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Embedded nanometer position tracking based on enhanced phasor analysis: erratum
Authors: Ma Hongqiang , Liu Yang
Published: August 2021

We present an erratum to our Letter [Opt. Lett. 46, 3825 (2021)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.433740]. This erratum corrects an error in Eq. (2). All the simulations and experiments in the original Letter were performed using the correct equation, and therefore, this correction does not affect the results and conclusions of the original Letter.
Ein IT-gestützter Innovationsprozess in der öffentlichen Verwaltung: Rahmenkonzept, Ideenmanagementsysteme und Online-Whiteboards
Authors: Leible Stephan , Ludzay Max , Nüttgens Markus
Published: August 2021

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Innovationsfähigkeit der öffentlichen Verwaltung in Deutschland und den damit verbundenen Herausforderungen und Treibern. Auf der Basis semistrukturierter Interviews mit Politiker:innen und Führungskräften der Hamburger Verwaltung und der Sichtung und Einordnung wissenschaftlicher Literatur wurde ein Rahmenkonzept zur Gestaltung des Innovationsprozesses in der Verwaltungsdomäne entwickelt. Die Phasen des Rahmenkonzepts werden durch verschiedene IT-Lösungen, wie unter anderem einem übergreifenden Ideenmanagementsystem, gestützt. Zur vereinfachten Auswahl passgenauer Anwendungen, wurden in einer Marktanalyse verfügbare Ideenmanagementsysteme und Online-Whiteboards gesammelt und anhand vorab formulierter Bewertungskriterien ausgewertet. Das Rahmenkonzept und die ausgewählten IT-Lösungen wurden durch zwei halbtägige Workshops mit Bürger:innen und Mitarbeiter:innen der Hamburger Verwaltung erprobt und evaluiert. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die Eignung der Anwendungen und im Ansatz die Praktikabilität des entwickelten Rahmenkonzepts für den Innovationsprozess in der öffentlichen Verwaltung.
Neurally-constrained modeling of human gaze strategies in a change blindness task
Authors: Jagatap Akshay , Purokayastha Simran , Jain Hritik , Sridharan Devarajan
Published: August 2021

Despite possessing the capacity for selective attention, we often fail to notice the obvious. We investigated participants’ (n = 39) failures to detect salient changes in a change blindness experiment. Surprisingly, change detection success varied by over two-fold across participants. These variations could not be readily explained by differences in scan paths or fixated visual features. Yet, two simple gaze metrics–mean duration of fixations and the variance of saccade amplitudes–systematically predicted change detection success. We explored the mechanistic underpinnings of these results with a neurally-constrained model based on the Bayesian framework of sequential probability ratio testing, with a posterior odds-ratio rule for shifting gaze. The model’s gaze strategies and success rates closely mimicked human data. Moreover, the model outperformed a state-of-the-art deep neural network (DeepGaze II) with predicting human gaze patterns in this change blindness task. Our mechanistic model reveals putative rational observer search strategies for change detection during change blindness, with critical real-world implications.
Ankyrin repeats in context with human population variation
Authors: Utgés Javier S. , Tsenkov Maxim I. , Dietrich Noah J. M. , MacGowan Stuart A. , Barton Geoffrey J.
Published: August 2021

Ankyrin protein repeats bind to a wide range of substrates and are one of the most common protein motifs in nature. Here, we collate a high-quality alignment of 7,407 ankyrin repeats and examine for the first time, the distribution of human population variants from large-scale sequencing of healthy individuals across this family. Population variants are not randomly distributed across the genome but are constrained by gene essentiality and function. Accordingly, we interpret the population variants in context with evolutionary constraint and structural features including secondary structure, accessibility and protein-protein interactions across 383 three-dimensional structures of ankyrin repeats. We find five positions that are highly conserved across homologues and also depleted in missense variants within the human population. These positions are significantly enriched in intra-domain contacts and so likely to be key for repeat packing. In contrast, a group of evolutionarily divergent positions are found to be depleted in missense variants in human and significantly enriched in protein-protein interactions. Our analysis also suggests the domain has three, not two surfaces, each with different patterns of enrichment in protein-substrate interactions and missense variants. Our findings will be of interest to those studying or engineering ankyrin-repeat containing proteins as well as those interpreting the significance of disease variants.
Advanced arithmetic optimization algorithm for solving mechanical engineering design problems
Authors: Agushaka Jeffrey O. , Ezugwu Absalom E.
Published: August 2021

The distributive power of the arithmetic operators: multiplication, division, addition, and subtraction, gives the arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) its unique ability to find the global optimum for optimization problems used to test its performance. Several other mathematical operators exist with the same or better distributive properties, which can be exploited to enhance the performance of the newly proposed AOA. In this paper, we propose an improved version of the AOA called nAOA algorithm, which uses the high-density values that the natural logarithm and exponential operators can generate, to enhance the exploratory ability of the AOA. The addition and subtraction operators carry out the exploitation. The candidate solutions are initialized using the beta distribution, and the random variables and adaptations used in the algorithm have beta distribution. We test the performance of the proposed nAOA with 30 benchmark functions (20 classical and 10 composite test functions) and three engineering design benchmarks. The performance of nAOA is compared with the original AOA and nine other state-of-the-art algorithms. The nAOA shows efficient performance for the benchmark functions and was second only to GWO for the welded beam design (WBD), compression spring design (CSD), and pressure vessel design (PVD).
Direct anterior approach (DAA) vs. conventional approaches in total hip arthroplasty: A RCT meta-analysis with an overview of related meta-analyses
Authors: Lazaru Philip , Bueschges Simon , Ramadanov Nikolai
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses on short-term outcomes between total hip arthroplasty (THA) through direct anterior approach (DAA) compared to THA through conventional (including anterior, anterolateral, lateral transgluteal, lateral transtrochanteric, posterior, and posterolateral) approaches (CAs) in treatment of hip diseases and fractures showed contradicting conclusions. Our aim was to draw definitive conclusions by conducting both a fixed and random model meta-analysis of quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and by comparison with related meta-analyses.

Design

We performed a systematic literature search up to May 2020 to identify RCTs, comparing THA through DAA with THA through CAs and related meta-analyses. We conducted risk of bias and level of evidence assessment in accordance with the Cochrane’s Risk of Bias 2 tool and with the guidelines of the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. We estimated mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) through fixed and random effects models, using the DerSimonian and Laird method. Heterogeneity was assessed using tau-square (τ2). Our conclusions take into account the overall results from related meta-analyses.

Results

Nine studies on THA through DAA met the criteria for final meta-analysis, involving 998 patients. Three studies were blinded RCTs with a level I evidence, the other 6 studies were non-blinded RCTs with a level II evidence. We came to the following results for THA through DAA compared to THA through CAs: operation time (I2= 92%, p<0.01; fixed: MD = 15.1, 95% CI 13.1 to 17.1; random: MD = 18.1, 95% CI 8.6 to 27.5); incision length (I2= 100%, p<0.01; fixed: MD = -2.9, 95% CI -3.0 to -2.8; MD = -1.1, 95% CI -4.3 to 2.0); intraoperative blood loss (I2= 87%, p<0.01; fixed: MD = 51.5, 95% CI 34.1 to 68.8; random: MD = 51.9, 95% CI -89.8 to 193.5); VAS 1 day postoperatively (I2= 79%, p = 0.03; fixed: MD = -0.8, 95% CI -1.2 to -0.4; random: MD = -0.9, 95% CI -2.0 to 0.15); HHS 3 months postoperatively (I2= 52%, p = 0.08; fixed: MD = 2.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.6; random: MD = 3.0, 95% CI -0.5 to 6.5); HHS 6 months postoperatively (I2= 0%, p = 0.67; fixed: MD = 0.9, 95% CI -1.1 to 2.9; random: MD = 0.9, 95% CI -1.1 to 2.9); HHS 12 months postoperatively (I2= 0%, p = 0.79; fixed: MD = 0.7, 95% CI -0.9 to 2.4; random: MD = 0.7, 95% CI -0.9 to 2.4). We compared our findings with 7 related meta-analyses.

Conclusions

Considering the results of our meta-analysis and the review of related meta-analyses, we can conclude that short-term outcomes of THA through DAA were overall better than THA through CAs. THA through DAA had a shorter incision length, a tendency towards a lower pain VAS 1 day postoperatively and better early postoperative functional outcome than THA through CAs. The intraoperative blood loss showed indifferent results. THA through DAA had a longer operation time than THA through CAs.
Toward prediction of abscopal effect in radioimmunotherapy: Pre-clinical investigation
Authors: Mihaylov Ivaylo B. , Totiger Tulasigeri M. , Giret Teresa M. , Wang Dazhi , Spieler Benjamin , Welford Scott
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Immunotherapy (IT) and radiotherapy (RT) can act synergistically, enhancing antitumor response beyond what either treatment can achieve separately. Anecdotal reports suggest that these results are in part due to the induction of an abscopal effect on non-irradiated lesions. Systematic data on incidence of the abscopal effect are scarce, while the existence and the identification of predictive signatures or this phenomenon are lacking. The purpose of this pre-clinical investigational work is to shed more light on the subject by identifying several imaging features and blood counts, which can be utilized to build a predictive binary logistic model.

Materials and methods

This proof-of-principle study was performed on Lewis Lung Carcinoma in a syngeneic, subcutaneous murine model. Nineteen mice were used: four as control and the rest were subjected to combined RT plus IT regimen. Tumors were implanted on both flanks and after reaching volume of ~200 mm3 the animals were CT and MRI imaged and blood was collected. Quantitative imaging features (radiomics) were extracted for both flanks. Subsequently, the treated animals received radiation (only to the right flank) in three 8 Gy fractions followed by PD-1 inhibitor administrations. Tumor volumes were followed and animals exhibiting identical of better tumor growth delay on the non-irradiated (left) flank as compared to the irradiated flank were identified as experiencing an abscopal effect. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to create models for CT and MRI radiomics and blood counts, which are predictive of the abscopal effect.

Results

Four of the treated animals experienced an abscopal effect. Three CT and two MRI radiomics features together with the pre-treatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) ratio correlated with the abscopal effect. Predictive models were created by combining the radiomics with NLR. ROC analyses indicated that the CT model had AUC of 0.846, while the MRI model had AUC of 0.946.

Conclusions

The combination of CT and MRI radiomics with blood counts resulted in models with AUCs of 1 on the modeling dataset. Application of the models to the validation dataset exhibited AUCs above 0.84, indicating very good predictive power of the combination between quantitative imaging and blood counts.
Development of a standardized MRI protocol for pancreas assessment in humans
Authors: Virostko John , Craddock Richard C. , Williams Jonathan M. , Triolo Taylor M. , Hilmes Melissa A. , Kang Hakmook , Du Liping , Wright Jordan J. , Kinney Mara , Maki Jeffrey H. , Medved Milica , Waibel Michaela , Kay Thomas W. H. , Thomas Helen E. , Greeley Siri Atma W. , Steck Andrea K. , Moore Daniel J. , Powers Alvin C.
Published: August 2021

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has detected changes in pancreas volume and other characteristics in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, differences in MRI technology and approaches across locations currently limit the incorporation of pancreas imaging into multisite trials. The purpose of this study was to develop a standardized MRI protocol for pancreas imaging and to define the reproducibility of these measurements. Calibrated phantoms with known MRI properties were imaged at five sites with differing MRI hardware and software to develop a harmonized MRI imaging protocol. Subsequently, five healthy volunteers underwent MRI at four sites using the harmonized protocol to assess pancreas size, shape, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), longitudinal relaxation time (T1), magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), and pancreas and hepatic fat fraction. Following harmonization, pancreas size, surface area to volume ratio, diffusion, and longitudinal relaxation time were reproducible, with coefficients of variation less than 10%. In contrast, non-standardized image processing led to greater variation in MRI measurements. By using a standardized MRI image acquisition and processing protocol, quantitative MRI of the pancreas performed at multiple locations can be incorporated into clinical trials comparing pancreas imaging measures and metabolic state in individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
Prevalence and incidence of physical health conditions in people with intellectual disability – a systematic review
Authors: Liao Peiwen , Vajdic Claire , Trollor Julian , Reppermund Simone
Published: August 2021

Objective

To synthesize evidence on the prevalence and incidence of physical health conditions in people with intellectual disability (ID).

Methods

We searched Medline, PsycInfo, and Embase for eligible studies and extracted the prevalence, incidence, and risk of physical health conditions in people with ID.

Results

Of 131 eligible studies, we synthesized results from 77 moderate- to high-quality studies, which was mainly limited to high-income countries. The highest prevalence estimates were observed for epilepsy, ear and eye disorders, cerebral palsy, obesity, osteoporosis, congenital heart defects, and thyroid disorders. Some conditions were more common in people with a genetic syndrome. Compared with the general population, many health conditions occur more frequently among people with ID, including asthma and diabetes, while some conditions such as non-congenital circulatory diseases and solid cancers occur at the same or lower rate. The latter associations may reflect under-detection.

Conclusions

People with ID have a health profile more complex than previously known. There is a pressing need for targeted, evidence-informed population health initiatives including preventative programs for this population.
Immunohistochemical typing of amyloid in fixed paraffin-embedded samples by an automatic procedure: Comparison with immunofluorescence data on fresh-frozen tissue
Authors: Barreca Antonella , Bottasso Emanuel , Veneziano Francesca , Giarin Manuela , Nocifora Alberto , Martinetti Nadia , Attanasio Angelo , Biancone Luigi , Benevolo Giulia , Roccatello Dario , Cassoni Paola , Papotti Mauro G. ,   the Amyloidosis Group of the “Rete Interregionale Piemonte e Valle d’Aosta per le Malattie Rare”
Published: August 2021

Amyloidosis comprises a spectrum of disorders characterized by the extracellular deposition of amorphous material, originating from an abnormal serum protein. The typing of amyloid into its many variants represents a pivotal step for a correct patient management. Several methods are currently used, including mass spectrometry, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and immunogold labeling. The aim of the present study was to investigate the accuracy and reliability of immunohistochemistry by means of a recently developed amyloid antibody panel applicable on fixed paraffin-embedded tissues in an automated platform. Patients with clinically and pathologically proven amyloidosis were divided into two cohorts: a pilot one, which included selected amyloidosis cases from 2009 to 2018, and a retrospective one (comprising all consecutive amyloidosis cases analyzed between November 2018 and May 2020). The above-referred panel of antibodies for amyloid classification was tested in all cases using an automated immunohistochemistry platform. When fresh-frozen material was available, immunofluorescence was also performed. Among 130 patients, a total of 143 samples from different organs was investigated. They corresponded to 51 patients from the pilot cohort and 79 ones from the retrospective cohort. In 82 cases (63%), fresh-frozen tissue was tested by immunofluorescence, serving to define amyloid subtype only in 30 of them (36.6%). On the contrary, the automated immunohistochemistry procedure using the above-referred new antibodies allowed to establish the amyloid type in all 130 cases (100%). These included: ALλ (n = 60, 46.2%), ATTR (n = 29, 22.3%), AA (n = 19, 14.6%), ALκ (n = 18, 13.8%), ALys (n = 2, 1.5%), and Aβ2M amyloidosis (n = 2, 1.5%). The present immunohistochemistry antibody panel represents a sensitive, reliable, fast, and low-cost method for amyloid typing. Since immunohistochemistry is available in most pathology laboratories, it may become the new gold standard for amyloidosis classification, either used alone or combined with mass spectrometry in selected cases.
Transcriptomic analysis of a wild and a cultivated varieties of Capsicum annuum over fruit development and ripening
Authors: Razo-Mendivil Fernando G. , Hernandez-Godínez Fernando , Hayano-Kanashiro Corina , Martínez Octavio
Published: August 2021

Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) is one of the most important crops worldwide. Its fruits contain metabolites produced over the maturation process like capsaicinoids and carotenoids. This metabolic process produces internal changes in flavor, color, texture, and aroma in fruits to make them more attractive for seed dispersal organisms. The chiltepin (C.annuumL.var.glabriusculum) is a wild variety of theC.annuumL. species that is considered a source of genetic resources that could be used to improve the current chili crops. In this study, we performed a transcriptomic analysis on two fruit maturation stages: immature stage (green fruit) and mature stage (red fruit) of a wild and a cultivated pepper variety. We found 19,811 genes expressed, and 1,008 genes differentially expressed (DEGs) in at least one of the five contrast used; 730 DEGs were found only in one contrast, and most DEGs in all contrasts were downregulated. GO enrichment analysis showed that the majority of DEGs are related to stress responses. KEGG enrichment analysis detected differences in expression patterns in metabolic pathways related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, secondary metabolites, plant hormone signal transduction, carotenoid biosynthesis and sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis. We selected 105 tomato fruit ripening-related genes, and found 53 pepper homologs differentially expressed related to shape, size, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. According to the transcriptome analysis, the two peppers showed very similar gene expression patterns; differences in expression patterns of genes related to shape, size, ethylene and secondary metabolites biosynthesis suggest that changes produced by domestication of chilli pepper could be very specific to the expression of genes related to traits desired in commercial fruits.
Nest density drives productivity in chestnut-collared longspurs: Implications for grassland bird conservation
Authors: Pulliam John P. , Somershoe Scott , Sather Marisa , McNew Lance B.
Published: August 2021

Grassland birds are declining faster than any other avian guild in North America and are increasingly a focus of conservation concern. Adaptive, outcome-based management of rangelands could do much to mitigate declines. However, this approach relies on quantitative, generalizable habitat targets that have been difficult to extrapolate from the literature. Past work relies heavily on individual versus population response, and direct response to management (e.g. grazing) versus response to outcomes. We compared individual and population-level responses to vegetation conditions across scales to identify quantitative targets of habitat quality for an imperiled grassland songbird, the chestnut-collared longspur (Calcarius ornatus) in northern Montana, USA during 2017–2018. We estimated nest density and nest survival within 9-ha survey plots using open N-mixture and nest survival models, respectively, and evaluated relationships with plot- and nest-site vegetation conditions. Plot-scale conditions influenced nest density, whereas nest survival was unaffected by any measured condition. Nest-site and plot-scale vegetation measurements were only weakly correlated, suggesting that management targets based on nest sites only would be incomplete. While nest survival is often assumed to be the key driver of bird productivity, our results suggest that nest density and plot-scale conditions are more important for productivity of longspurs at the core of the breeding distribution. Habitat outcomes for grassland birds should incorporate nest density and average conditions at scale(s) relevant to management (e.g. paddock or pasture).
Association of dialysis-related amyloidosis with lower quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis for more than 10 years: The Kyushu Dialysis-Related Amyloidosis Study
Authors: Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Arima Hisatomi , Iseki Kunitoshi , Hirakata Hideki ,   The Kyushu Dialysis-Related Amyloidosis Study Group
Published: August 2021

Background

Dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA) commonly develops in patients undergoing long-term dialysis and can lead to a decline in activities of daily living and quality of life (QOL), mainly owing to orthopedic complications.

Methods

First, we determined utility scores of the EuroQol 5-Dimensions 3-Levels (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire in 1,323 patients with DRA who had undergone dialysis for more than 10 years and compared the score between those with and without DRA. Second, a 2-year follow-up was also performed, in which patients were divided into three groups: those complicated by DRA from the beginning, those with newly developed DRA within the 2-year period, and those not complicated by DRA throughout the survey period; changes in the EQ-5D-3L utility score were compared. In the group already complicated by DRA at the survey baseline, changes in the EQ-5D-3L utility score were compared according to the dialysis treatment method.

Results

A total of 1,314 and 931 patients were included in the first and second studies, respectively. EQ-5D-3L utility scores among patients diagnosed with DRA were significantly lower than scores in those not diagnosed with DRA. The reduction in the EQ-5D-3L utility score over the 2-year follow-up was significantly greater in patients newly complicated by DRA during the follow-up period after enrollment but not in those complicated by DRA from the beginning, as compared with patients not complicated by DRA throughout the survey period. The reduction in utility score tended to be lower in patients routinely treated with a β2-microglobulin adsorption column than in untreated patients with DRA.

Conclusion

Complication by DRA in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis was significantly associated with a decline in QOL.
Nation-wide assessment of the distribution and population size of the data-deficient nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum)
Authors: Garzon Francesco , Graham Rachel T. , Baremore Ivy , Castellanos Dan , Salazar Hilmar , Xiu Cynthia , Seymour Zeddy , Witt Matthew J. , Hawkes Lucy A.
Published: August 2021

The study presents the first national assessment of a nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) population, conducted using a combination of transect surveys and baited remote underwater videos (BRUVs). Density of nurse sharks in Belize was found to be higher in reefs than in lagoons, and in the atolls furthest away from the mainland and human settlements. Only large and old protected areas were found to have a positive impact on nurse shark abundance. Absolute abundance of nurse sharks was estimated using distance sampling analysis, giving a total nurse shark population in the range of 3,858 to 14,375 sharks. Thanks to a vast area of suitable habitat for nurse sharks in the country and legislation already in place for the safeguard of the species, Belize could represent an important hotspot for nurse sharks in the Western Atlantic. The data presented here hence offers a baseline for the long-term monitoring of the Belizean nurse shark population and improves our understanding of nurse shark abundance and distribution in the wider Caribbean basin.
Network centrality for the identification of biomarkers in respondent-driven sampling datasets
Authors: Grubb Jacob , Lopez Derek , Mohan Bhuvaneshwar , Matta John
Published: August 2021

Networks science techniques are frequently used to provide meaningful insights into the populations underlying medical and social data. This paper examines SATHCAP, a dataset related to HIV and drug use in three US cities. In particular, we use network measures such as betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, and eigenvector centrality to find central, important nodes in a network derived from SATHCAP data. We evaluate the attributes of these important nodes and create an exceptionality score based on the number of nodes that share a particular attribute. This score, along with the underlying network itself, is used to reveal insight into the attributes of groups that can be effectively targeted to slow the spread of disease. Our research confirms a known connection between homelessness and HIV, as well as drug abuse and HIV, and shows support for the theory that individuals without easy access to transportation are more likely to be central to the spread of HIV in urban, high risk populations.
Development of strategic social information seeking: Implications for cumulative culture
Authors: Blakey Kirsten H. , Rafetseder Eva , Atkinson Mark , Renner Elizabeth , Cowan-Forsythe Fía , Sati Shivani J. , Caldwell Christine A.
Published: August 2021

Human learners are rarely the passive recipients of valuable social information. Rather, learners usually have to actively seek out information from a variety of potential others to determine who is in a position to provide useful information. Yet, the majority of developmental social learning paradigms do not address participants’ ability to seek out information for themselves. To investigate age-related changes in children’s ability to seek out appropriate social information, 3- to 8-year-olds (N = 218) were presented with a task requiring them to identify which of four possible demonstrators could provide critical information for unlocking a box. Appropriate information seeking improved significantly with age. The particularly high performance of 7- and 8-year-olds was consistent with the expectation that older children’s increased metacognitive understanding would allow them to identify appropriate information sources. Appropriate social information seeking may have been overlooked as a significant cognitive challenge involved in fully benefiting from others’ knowledge, potentially influencing understanding of the phylogenetic distribution of cumulative culture.
Interactome analysis of Bag-1 isoforms reveals novel interaction partners in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation
Authors: Can Nisan Denizce , Basturk Ezgi , Kizilboga Tugba , Akcay Izzet Mehmet , Dingiloglu Baran , Tatli Ozge , Acar Sevilay , Ozfiliz Kilbas Pelin , Elbeyli Efe , Muratcioglu Serena , Jannuzzi Ayse Tarbin , Gursoy Attila , Keskin Ozlem , Doganay Hamdi Levent , Karademir Yilmaz Betul , Dinler Doganay Gizem
Published: August 2021

Bag-1 is a multifunctional protein that regulates Hsp70 chaperone activity, apoptosis, and proliferation. The three major Bag-1 isoforms have different subcellular localizations and partly non-overlapping functions. To identify the detailed interaction network of each isoform, we utilized mass spectrometry-based proteomics and found that interactomes of Bag-1 isoforms contained many common proteins, with variations in their abundances. Bag-1 interactomes were enriched with proteins involved in protein processing and degradation pathways. Novel interaction partners included VCP/p97; a transitional ER ATPase, Rad23B; a shuttling factor for ubiquitinated proteins, proteasome components, and ER-resident proteins, suggesting a role for Bag-1 also in ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). Bag-1 pull-down from cells and tissues from breast cancer patients validated these interactions and showed cancer-related prominence. Using in silico predictions we detected hotspot residues of Bag-1. Mutations of these residues caused loss of binding to protein quality control elements and impaired proteasomal activity in MCF-7 cells. Following CD147 glycosylation pattern, we showed that Bag-1 downregulated VCP/p97-dependent ERAD. Overall, our data extends the interaction map of Bag-1, and broadens its role in protein homeostasis. Targeting the interaction surfaces revealed in this study might be an effective strategy in the treatment of cancer.
EPG analysis of stylet penetration preference of woolly apple aphid on different parts of apple trees
Authors: Zhou Hao , Tan Xiumei , Teng Ziwen , Du Lingjun , Zhou Hongxu
Published: August 2021

Woolly apple aphid (WAA),Eriosoma lanigerum(Hausmann), is an important global pest that feeds onMalusspecies. We studied the feeding preference of WAA on apple trees in the field for two consecutive years and in the laboratory we used electronic penetration graphs (EPG) to record the stylet penetration behavior of WAA on different parts of apple trees. We found that in the field WAA fed primarily on twigs and branches, not on leaves and fruits. Six EPG waveforms were produced during WAA probing on shoots, trunks and leaves of apple trees, including the non-penetration wave (np), the stylet pathway phase wave (C), the intracellular feeding wave (pd), the xylem feeding wave (G), waves indicative of release of saliva into the phloem (E1), and a wave indicative of ingestion from phloem (E2). In the laboratory, aphids only successfully fed on shoots, trunks and leaves, not on fruits. The EPG parameters on the phloem of shoots were significantly higher than those on trunks, indicating WAA prefer to feed on shoots. These laboratory findings explain the relative field feeding preference of WAA on different parts of apple trees, which occurs primarily on branches, barks, and young twigs in orchards, especially on young twigs.
Laboratory- and field-based performance-predictions in cross-country skiing and roller-skiing
Authors: Talsnes Rune Kjøsen , Solli Guro Strøm , Kocbach Jan , Torvik Per-Øyvind , Sandbakk Øyvind
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the present study was to investigate how various laboratory- and field-based tests predict on-snow cross-country (XC) skiing and roller-skiing performance. Thirty-three national-level male XC skiers (19.0±2.5 years, maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max] 70.8±4.7 mL·min-1·kg-1) performed a 13.6-km roller-ski skating competition tracked by a global positioning system (GPS), which together with individual distance International Ski Federation (FIS) points was used to assess their performance level. On separate days, time in a 6.4-km uphill running time-trial (RUN-TT) and 1.3-km uphill roller-ski double-poling time-trial (DP-TT) was measured in the field and performance indices determined while running and roller-ski skating in the laboratory. The mean finishing times for the RUN-TT and the DP-TT showed moderate to large correlations with distance FIS points and performance in the roller-ski skating competition (r = 0.56–0.72; all p<0.05). RUN-TT was more strongly correlated with distance FIS points than DP-TT (r = 0.72 versus 0.56; p<0.05). Performance indices and VO2max in incremental running and roller-ski skating in the laboratory showed large to very large correlations with distance FIS points and roller-skiing performance (r = 0.50–0.90; all p<0.05). Performance indices and VO2max in running tended to be more strongly correlated with roller-skiing performance than corresponding values obtained while roller-ski skating (all p<0.10). The present findings suggest that both laboratory performance indices and field-based performance tests provide valid predictions of XC skiing and roller-skiing performance in a heterogeneous group of male XC skiers, with test values obtained in running tending to be more strongly correlated with XC skiing performance than those found for technique-specific modalities on roller skis. However, more sophisticated and mode-specific testing might be required for more homogenous groups of elite XC skiers.
Nine viruses from eight lineages exhibiting new evolutionary modes that co-infect a hypovirulent phytopathogenic fungus
Authors: Mu Fan , Li Bo , Cheng Shufen , Jia Jichun , Jiang Daohong , Fu Yanping , Cheng Jiasen , Lin Yang , Chen Tao , Xie Jiatao
Published: August 2021

Mycoviruses are an important component of the virosphere, but our current knowledge of their genome organization diversity and evolution remains rudimentary. In this study, the mycovirus composition in a hypovirulent strain of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was molecularly characterized. Nine mycoviruses were identified and assigned into eight potential families. Of them, six were close relatives of known mycoviruses, while the other three had unique genome organizations and evolutionary positions. A deltaflexivirus with a tripartite genome has evolved via arrangement and horizontal gene transfer events, which could be an evolutionary connection from unsegmented to segmented RNA viruses. Two mycoviruses had acquired a second helicase gene by two different evolutionary mechanisms. A rhabdovirus representing an independent viral evolutionary branch was the first to be confirmed to occur naturally in fungi. The major hypovirulence-associated factor, an endornavirus, was finally corroborated. Our study expands the diversity of mycoviruses and potential virocontrol agents, and also provides new insights into virus evolutionary modes including virus genome segmentation.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices associated with rabies in villages with different dog vaccination statuses in Cambodia
Authors: Ung Bunsong , Kamyingkird Ketsarin , Phimpraphai Waraphon
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim: Rabies is a highly infectious but neglected zoonotic disease. Almost 99% of rabies-related human deaths are caused by dog-mediated rabies. Although canine rabies vaccination is highly effective and provides protection, nationwide rabies vaccination campaigns have been insufficient in Cambodia, resulting in a limited number of rabies vaccinated dogs. This study aimed to explore the rabies knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) among participants from both dog rabies vaccinated (DRV) and dog rabies unvaccinated (DRUV) villages located in the Kandal and Prey Veng Provinces, Cambodia.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with dog owners in Kandal and Prey Veng Provinces, Cambodia, during August and September 2020. The structural questionnaire collected general sociodemographic information and the KAP associated with rabies transmission, clinical signs, management, and control. The data were then analyzed using Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Chi-square statistics.

Results: In total, 312 participants were interviewed: 137 participants from DRV villages and 175 from DRUV villages. Among them, 99.4% (310/312) had previously heard about rabies. Out of these 310, 93.5% (290/310) were aware that rabies is a fatal disease, while 96.5% (299/310) were willing to vaccinate their dog against rabies if the vaccination was provided for free. However, 32.9% (102/310) indicated that they would be willing to sell their own dog if it bit someone or showed aggression. More than one-third (115/310) of all the respondents had poor overall KAP regarding rabies. The respondents from DRV villages had significantly higher overall scores with regard to rabies KAP than those from DRUV villages (p<0.0001). According to the factors related to overall KAP, village type and education level were significantly associated with overall KAP of the respondents (p<0.0001).

Conclusion: The rabies disease is recognized in Cambodia, and dog owners are willing to vaccinate their dogs if the vaccination is provided for free. The overall rabies-related KAP were poor among 30% of the respondents, and higher KAP scores were obtained for the DRV villages. The village type and education level were found to be associated with the different overall KAP of the participants.
Az emberi erőforrás értékelési kérdései
Authors: Juhász Péter
Published: August 2021

Az emberi erőforrás vállalati értékteremtésben betöltött szerepe az elmúlt években látványosan nőtt. Bár az utóbbi évtizedekben több értékelési módszer és modell is megjelent a szakirodalomban, az emberi erőforrás értékét csak kevés cég méri. így sem a vezetők, sem a tulajdonosok nem tudnak hatékony döntéseket hozni. A különféle megközelítéseket összefogva egy lehetséges konzisztens értékelési modellt mutat be a szerző, illetve kitér a vezetők értékelésének sajátos problémáira is.
Humán tükör - körkép a hazai szervezetekben a HR tevékenységre vonatkozó elvárásokról és annak megítéléséről II. rész
Authors: Bokor Attila , Bíró Kata , Kováts Gergely , Takács Sándor , Toarniczky Andrea
Published: August 2021

Jelen tanulmányukban a szerzők folytatják a Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem munkatársai által elvégzett Humán Tükör kutatás1 eredményeinek bemutatását és elemzését. Az előző cikk (Bokor és társai, 2005) az elméleti és módszertani hátteret, valamint a kérdőíves felmérés eredményeit mutatta be, most az interjúkor tanulságait tárgyalják. Az interjúk alapját a kutatás korábbi körében kialakított, a 360 fokos visszajelzés logikáján alapuló szervezeti riport képezte. Ennek alapján a megkérdezett HR vezetők képet alkothattak arról, hogy mely területeken egyezik vagy különbözik önértékelésük a mintában szereplő szervezetek átlagától, illetve a saját szervezet felső és középvezetőinek értékeléséről a HR terület hozzájárulásait, valamint kompetenciáit illetően. Az interjúkörből származó legfontosabb eredményeket az előző cikkben már bemutatott Ulrich modell (Ulrich, 1997) logikájának megfelelő struktúrában mutatják be. Az egyes szerepnegyedek tárgyalása után a közöttük lévő kapcsolatok, valamint az átfedő témák megvizsgálásával zárják a kvalitatív adatok elemzését.
Integrált gazdálkodás - "nem középiskolás fokon"
Authors: Ternai Katalin
Published: August 2021

A szerző dolgozatában a felsőoktatási integrációs folyamatokhoz kapcsolódó egységes informatikai rendszer bevezetésének lehetséges módozatát mutatja be. E rendszer megvalósítása szorosan kapcsolódik azokhoz a folyamatszervezési szükségletekhez, amelyek a Bologna folyamatból következnek.
‘In the Midst of Three Fires, a French one, an American one, and an Indian one’: Imperial-Indigenous Negotiations during the War of 1812 in Eastern British America
Authors: Reid John G.
Published: August 2021

This essay argues that the War of 1812 in Eastern British America, despite the near-absence of land-based conflict in this region, marked a turning point in an imperial-Indigenous relationship that differed notably from comparable relationships elsewhere in North America because of the relatively late advent of substantial settler colonization. Diplomacy, which led in 1812 to the conclusion of a series of neutrality agreements in the borderland jurisdiction of New Brunswick, contributed to the forestalling of outright military conflict in the region. But diplomacy of this nature at the same time reached the end of its effective life, as the balance tipped towards a settled environment that eroded the effectiveness of the formerly powerful diplomatic tools of Indigenous-imperial negotiation.
1
David Parish, Alexander Baring and the US Loan of 1813: The Role of Nationality and Patriotism in the Transatlantic Mercantile Community in Times of War
Authors: Lentz Sarah
Published: August 2021

The War of 1812 was a very expensive conflict for the United States. In 1813, three foreign-born investors, among them David Parish from Hamburg, Germany, saved the US government from bankruptcy by providing a sixteen-million dollar loan. This article focuses on the reasons why Parish – who strongly opposed the war – agreed to take a major share in the loan. At the same time, it examines the ways in which the Hamburg merchant tried to sell a large share of his US government bonds in Great Britain – America’s wartime enemy. Parish’s actions make it obvious that he promoted the idea of a supranational mercantile community that was not bound by patriotic considerations even during war times. Consequently, it was the British merchant banker Alexander Baring who stood at the core of Parish’s plans to sell US bonds in London. By contrasting Baring’s room for manoeuvre during these financial transactions with that of Parish this article shows that in the British context public expectations of loyalty and patriotism could indeed limit the abilities of local merchants in financing the opponent of war. Thus, the comparison of Parish’s and Baring’s experiences highlights the importance of local factors such as a consolidated public opinion and a strong nation state in setting the limits of the sphere of activity for internationally operating merchants in times of war.
PROBLEMA MESIN PENERJEMAH BERBASIS AI DALAM PROSES PENERJEMAHAN BUKU INGGRIS-INDONESIA DAN SOLUSINYA
Authors: Untara Wahyu , Setiawan Teguh
Published: August 2021

This research aims to find out the main problems of AI-based translation machine, Google Neural Machine Translation System (GNMT) or Google Translate, during an English-Indonesian book translation process. It also has the objective to find the solutions for the problems. To approach the translation issues, the study uses Christiane Nord’s four translation problems which consists of pragmatic translation problems, convention-related translation problems, linguistic translation problems, and text-specific translation problems. Molina and Albir’s techniques of translation are applied to fix the problems. The study uses qualitative methods to analyze the translation issues. From 5447 translated words, it is found that the main problems of Google Translate during book translation are linguistic translation problems, and there are seven translation techniques involved to deal with the problems.
Lento or presto? Subnational government capacities and the pace of implementation of contentious policies
Authors: Rojas Javier , Ponce Aldo Fernando
Published: August 2021

Mexico’s implementation of mandatory teacher assessments in 2013 was part of a group of federal reforms aimed at enhancing the quality of state-run education. The reforms elicited strong opposition from key stakeholders. Building on the idea that policy capacities are the set of capabilities necessary to perform policy functions, we examine the effect of subnational government capacities on the pace of implementation of the mandatory teacher assessment in Mexico, a country with one of the most powerful teachers’ unions in the world. After conducting statistical analyses based on panel data encompassing information on subnational government capacities from 2015 to 2017, we find that while subnational governments’ human resources and fiscal capacities are associated with higher proportions of evaluated teachers, repressive capacities do not seem relevant for this purpose. Our research offers valuable lessons for policy makers in terms of recognizing adequate resource allocation and predicting the speed of policy implementation, even in contexts of significant opposition.
Detection of moisture and carotenoid content in carrot slices during hot air drying based on multispectral imaging equipment with selected wavelengths
Authors: Long Jiamei , Yang Jia , Peng Jing , Pan Leiqing , Tu Kang
Published: August 2021

Moisture content and carotenoid content are important indicators for evaluating the drying process of carrot slices. There are growing attention to develop non-destructive methods as effectively analytical tools in quality assurance of drying carrot slices. In this study, the characteristic wavelengths of moisture and carotenoid content in carrot slices during hot air drying were extracted based on hyperspectral imaging technology. A multispectral imaging equipment was built after that, and the wavelengths of filters were determined according to the characteristic wavelengths. Based on the successive projection algorithm (SPA), the optimal wavelengths of moisture and carotenoid content were further determined, and prediction models of both were established based on the system. There were 12 filters selected in this study. The results showed that a support vector machine (SVM) prediction model for moisture content was established based on seven optimal wavelengths with 0.991 for the coefficient of determination of prediction set (R
2

p
) and 10.318 for the residual prediction residual (RPD). Based on eight optimal wavelengths, a SVM prediction model for carotenoid content was also established with 0.968 for R
2

p
and 5.337 for RPD. The prediction performance is close to or even better than that based on hyperspectral. The study confirmed the feasibility of using the multispectral imaging equipment to measure the moisture and carotenoid content of carrot slices during drying based on selected wavelengths, laying a foundation for the further preparation of a portable multispectral detector for the quality of dry products.
Modeling and simulations of a Zika virus as a mosquito-borne transmitted disease with environmental fluctuations
Authors: Gokila Chellamuthu , Sambath Muniyagounder
Published: August 2021

This paper deals with the stochastic Zika virus model within the human and mosquito population. Firstly, we prove that there exists a global positive solution. Further, we found the condition for a viral infection to be extinct. Besides that, we discuss the existence of a unique ergodic stationary distribution through a suitable Lyapunov function. The stationary distribution validates the occurrence of infection in the population. From that, we obtain the threshold value for prevail and disappear of disease within the population. Through the numerical simulations, we have verified the reproduction ratio

R

0

S

${R}_{0}^{S}$

as stated in our theoretical findings.