bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of vascular access for outpatient hemodialysis procedures and renal transplantation in Brazil between 2008 and 2022: A cross-sectional nationwide analysis
Authors: Jeronimo Ponte Bruno , Sorbello Carolina Carvalho Jansen , Redivo Basani Lucas , Fiorelli Alexandrino da Silva Marcelo , Teivelis Marcelo Passos , Kuzniec Sergio , Wolosker Nelson
Published: January 2025

3.

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a significant global public health challenge, affecting up to 13.4% of the population and ranking as the third fastest-growing cause of mortality. Progression of CKD to end stage kidney disease (ESKD) is the initial milestone for renal replacement therapy, which includes hemodialysis and renal transplantation, the latter marking the final therapy for ESKD patients. Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are preferred for hemodialysis due to lower infection risks and superior patency compared to long-staying tunneled catheters (LSTC). Despite the importance of vascular access and transplantation, nationwide data correlating their utilization over time remains scarce. This study aimed to analyze outpatient hemodialysis vascular access procedures in Brazilian public health system from 2008 to 2022, comparing the temporal trends with renal transplantation.

METHODS

This study employed a cross-sectional, population-based analysis of publicly available data pertaining outpatient vascular access procedures for hemodialysis and renal transplantation in the brazilian public health system between 2008 and 2022. Linear regression and correlation between both were then carried out.

RESULTS

Between 2008 and 2022, 937,739 procedures were realized, including vascular access confection, ending procedures and renal transplants. Arteriovenous fistulas accounted for the majority of procedures (55%), followed by LSTC (34%), renal transplants in cadaveric donors (5.6%), catheter removals (2.2%), renal transplants with living donors (1.6%) and fistula ligation (1.4%). The increase in AVF creation was not proportional to the growth of the hemodialysis population(p<0.001), in contrast to catheter implants, which increased substantially over the study period (p<0.001). Vascular access-ending procedures demonstrated a significant correlation with renal transplants(p<0.001).

CONCLUSION

In Brazil, the number of LSTC for hemodialysis has increased over the years, while the number of AVFs significantly decreased. Additionally access-ending procedures, such as fistula ligation and catheter removals, have risen annually since 2010 and demonstrated a correlation with renal transplantation.

Key Points:
Keratin intermediate filaments mechanically position melanin pigments for genome photoprotection
Authors: Benito-Martínez Silvia , Salavessa Laura , Macé Anne-Sophie , Lardier Nathan , Fraisier Vincent , Sirés-Campos Julia , Jani Riddhi Atul , Romao Maryse , Gayrard Charlène , Plessis Marion , Hurbain Ilse , Nait-Meddour Cécile , Morel Etienne , Boniotto Michele , Manneville Jean-Baptiste , Bernerd Françoise , Duval Christine , Raposo Graça , Delevoye Cédric
Published: January 2025

Melanin pigments block genotoxic agents by positioning on the sun-exposed side of human skin keratinocytes’ nucleus. How this position is regulated and its role in genome photoprotection remains unknown. By developing a model of human keratinocytes internalizing extracellular melanin into pigment organelles, we show that keratin 5/14 intermediate filaments mechanically control the 3D perinuclear position of pigments, shielding DNA from photodamage. Imaging and microrheology in human disease-related model identify structural keratin cages surrounding pigment organelles to stiffen their microenvironment and maintain their 3D position. Optimum pigment spatialization is required for DNA photoprotection and rely on the interplay between intermediate filaments and microtubules bridged by plectin cytolinkers. Thus, the mechanically-driven proximity of pigment organelles to the nucleus is a key photoprotective parameter. Uncovering how human skin counteracts solar radiation by positioning the melanin microparasol next to the genome anticipates that dynamic spatialization of organelles is a physiological UV stress response.

Short summary

Melanin pigments shield DNA from photodamage by positioning atop nuclei in skin keratinocytes. We show keratin 5/14 intermediate filaments control this 3D spatialization, forming protective cages around pigments. This positioning, together with microtubule function, optimizes genome protection, revealing cytoskeletons and organelle dynamics as a UV stress response.
Quantitative analysis of the frequency of chromosome loss following DSB induction
Authors: Matsuno Seiya , Ishida Ryo , Kawasumi Ryotaro , Hirota Kouji , Abe Takuya
Published: January 2025

Numerical abnormalities in chromosomal states, referred to as aneuploidy, is commonly observed in many cancer cells. Although numerous internal and external factors induce aneuploidy, the primary cause of aneuploidy in humans remains unclear. DNA damage is identified as a potential cause of aneuploidy by inducing chromosome segregation errors. However, a direct relationship between DNA damage and aneuploidy remains poorly understood. A major reason for this is the extremely low frequency of aneuploidy in cultured cells, making quantitative analyses challenging. In this study, we investigated the relationship between DNA damage and aneuploidy in cell lines containing minichromosomes. These chromosomes are more prone to loss than normal chromosomes, with the rate of loss substantially increased following exposure to various DNA-damaging agents. To determine whether damaged chromosomes were subjected to direct loss or whether chromosome loss occurred as an indirect consequence of a prolonged G2 phase or other factors, we used the CRISPR-Cas9 system to introduce a single DNA double-strand break (DSB) on a minichromosome. The rate of minichromosome loss increased by approximately seven-fold compared with that of the control. Furthermore, the loss rate was significantly elevated in the absence of KU70, a key factor in non-homologous end joining, and upon inhibition of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a DNA damage checkpoint protein. Finally, two closely spaced nicks, believed to generate a 5’-overhang, were also shown to induce minichromosome loss. These findings indicated that a single DSB or two closely spaced nicks can cause aneuploidy if improperly repaired in vertebrates.
Gamma Decay of the
Sm154
Isovector Giant Dipole Resonance: Smekal-Raman Scattering as a Novel Probe of Nuclear Ground-State Deformation
Authors: Kleemann J. , Pietralla N. , Friman-Gayer U. , Isaak J. , Papst O. , Prifti K. , Werner V. , Ayangeakaa A. D. , Beck T. , Colò G. , Cortés M. L. , Finch S. W. , Fulghieri M. , Gribble D. , Ide K. E. , James X. K.-H. , Janssens R. V. F. , Johnson S. R. , Koseoglou P. , Krishichayan  , Savran D. , Tornow W.
Published: January 2025

γ decays of the isovector giant dipole resonance (IVGDR) of the deformed nucleus Sm154 were measured using 21+-Smekal-Raman and elastic scattering of linearly polarized, quasimonochromatic photon beams. The two scattering processes were disentangled through their distinct angular distributions. Their branching ratio and cross sections were determined at six excitation energies covering the Sm154 IVGDR. Both agree with the predictions of the geometrical model for the IVGDR and confirm γ decay as an observable sensitive to the structure of the resonance. Consequently, the data place strong constraints on the nuclear shape, including the degree of triaxiality. The derived Sm154 shape parameters β=0.2925(25) and γ=5.0(15)° agree well with other measurements and recent Monte Carlo shell-model calculations.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Blockchain technology adoption and sustainable performance in Chinese manufacturing: insights on learning and organizational inertia
Authors: Hua Xianglu , Hu Lingyu , Eltantawy Reham , Zhang Liangqing , Wang Bin , Tian Yifan , Zhang Justin Zuopeng
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Achieving sustainability and sustainable performance has emerged as a critical area of focus for both academic research and practice. However, this pursuit faces challenges, particularly concerning the inadequacy of supply chain information. To address this issue, our study employs the organizational information processing theory to explore how adopting blockchain technology enables firms to learn from and collaborate with their supply chain partners, ultimately facilitating their sustainable performance even in the presence of organizational inertia.

Design/methodology/approach

Underpinned by the organizational information processing theory and drawing data from 220 manufacturing firms in China, we use structural equation modeling to test our conceptual model.

Findings

Our results demonstrate that blockchain technology adoption can significantly enhance sustainable performance. Furthermore, supply chain learning acts as a mediator between blockchain technology adoption and sustainable performance, while organizational inertia plays a negative moderating role between blockchain technology adoption and supply chain learning.

Originality/value

These findings extend the existing literature on blockchain technology adoption and supply chain management, offering novel insights into the pivotal role of blockchain in fostering supply chain learning and achieving sustainable performance. Our study provides valuable practical implications for managers seeking to leverage blockchain technology to enhance sustainability and facilitate organizational learning.
The influence of continuous improvement and clinical practice on emergency department (ED) operational performance
Authors: Mitreska Kristina , Terziovski Milé , Rixon Andrew
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The study tests the relationships between continuous improvement (CI) and clinical practices (CP) with perceived operational performance in Australian and New Zealand (NZ) emergency departments.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey instrument was designed to collect data from Australian and NZ Emergency Department physicians to test a model developed from the literature, the continuous improvement and clinical practice (CICP) model. Hypotheses were developed and tested using bivariate correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis.

Findings

ED operational performance is positively impacted by CI culture, reinforced by an established CI governance structure built on employee education of CI tools and methods. The lack of nonclinical time allocation for CI activities has remained a major impediment for the implementation of a sustainable CI culture. The study found physicians experience tension between continuous improvement and clinical practice.

Practical implications

Developing a CI mindset across all levels of emergency departments would encourage staff to embrace change to support the implementation of CI and to improve clinical practices. The study highlights potential implications for national bodies, academics, policymakers and ED physicians. Study insights suggest that continuous improvement and effective clinical practices are crucial for enhancing ED performance results in their day-to-day responsibilities.

Originality/value

The paper is original by applying methodological rigour to identify the best predictors of performance in EDs and how a theoretical causal model can be tested to identify the best predictors of operational performance in EDs.
The choice of the collection channel in a WEEE closed-loop supply chain with government subsidy
Authors: Yang Dong , Sun Xiaolin , Li Yurou
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The managerial questions of this paper are as follows: What are the equilibrium conditions of transfer price, quantity and profits when considering dynamic subsidies from the government? Which collection channel is better for a manufacturer, direct collection by itself or through an online platform?

Design/methodology/approach

This research investigates the three collection models: the manufacturer-driven model, the online platform-driven model and the competitive model. Based on the differential game, this research explores the transfer price, collection cost, subsidy and manufacturer and online platform profit in different models when considering the dynamic subsidy.

Findings

The results show that the collection strategy for the manufacturer depends on its collection cost. If the collection cost is lower, then the manufacturer may prefer to collect by itself. When the collection cost meets a certain range, the manufacturer may collect the used product through an online platform. The online platform-driven model is the most efficient because both the manufacturer and the online platform can make a higher profit.

Originality/value

This research bridges the gap between waste electrical and electronic equipment collection and government subsidies by demonstrating the dynamic condition of subsidies. It offers an approach to address the influence of dynamic subsidy, which can provide practical insights for the government implementing the subsidy policy.
The financial benefits of going green: an analysis of bank performance and policy impact in China
Authors: Sheng Dachen , Montgomery Heather A.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This paper aims to examine whether a green premium exists in the banking industry in Chinese financial market and then further explores the impact of the 2019 policy revision on the green premium. Additionally, this study explores whether and how the 2019 policy revision affected the performance as measured by net interest spreads and profitability of banks that subsequently issued green bonds.

Design/methodology/approach

This study utilizes data on green bonds issued by banks in the Chinese market to illustrate that green bond benefit from lower coupon rates by using OLS method, attributable to investors’ recognition of governmental support for such initiatives. The policy effect is analyzed by the difference-in-difference method and the robustness checks using an amalgamated data set and propensity score matching techniques confirm the overall findings.

Findings

Banks that issue green bonds pay lower coupon rates on those bonds and the 2019 policy revisions further decrease green bond coupons, thereby augmenting the net interest spreads of banks issuing green bonds and enhancing their profitability performance. A so-called “green premium” exists for banks in China that issue green bonds. These results underscore investors’ heightened confidence in banks showcasing loan policies supportive of the green industry, reflecting an increased emphasis on sustainability considerations.

Originality/value

Most of the current green bond and sustainability studies focus on the manufacturing sector; this paper sheds light on the under-discussed support from financial institutions. Unlike other traditional financial institutional research focusing on market power and bank-firm relations, this paper investigates the policy effects, which are especially interesting in the context of Chinese financial market, since most of the financial institutions are state-owned enterprises (SOEs).
Assembling a late‐successional lichen community by long‐distance dispersal: Lessons for restoration
Authors: Gjerde Ivar , Blom Hans H. , Handegard Eivind , Sætersdal Magne
Published: January 2025

The results of nature restoration efforts have been characterized as notoriously unpredictable. Many variables impact the trajectory of species communities towards recovery, and ecological theory that takes traits, habitat configuration and scale into account, can improve models. However, the most important questions regarding the predictability of species community restoration may be related to stochasticity.

We investigated the assembly of a cyanolichen community in a chronosequence consisting of 88 new forest patches (30–140+ years old) comprising today 0.4% of a 170 km2 former treeless heathland area in south‐western Norway. Two complete inventories were carried out 12 years apart, and we (1) tested inferences on colonization status and recovery time based on the first inventory only; (2) investigated the recovery of the lichen community by changes in species richness, species density and composition at three different spatial scales; and (3) discussed how dispersal capacity and stochasticity affect community recovery in general.

Colonization of sites by lichen species exceeded extinctions in young sites but not in old sites, and in the second inventory, the richness of species weighed by occurrences no longer differed significantly between young and old sites at landscape scale. However, the differences between old and young sites depended on the spatial scale and method of measurement.

In accordance with inferences based only on the first inventory, colonization and extinction dynamics indicated that recovery of species richness in our study system will take 90–120 years at the landscape scale, whereas recovery of species composition was difficult to determine due to idiosyncratic development among sites.

Synthesis and applications. Using species composition as a template for the evaluation of restoration recovery in systems with a high degree of stochastic colonization and extinction is problematic, particularly at finer scales. Ideally, comparisons of restoration and reference communities should therefore be at large enough spatial scale to cancel out the major effects of stochasticity at finer scales. Furthermore, we suggest that a complete recovery of species numbers may not be needed as an indicator of restoration success if species richness measurements indicate that communities are en route to recovery.
The ‘Checklist of Leisure, Interests and Participation’: A contemporary leisure checklist
Authors: Levick Jessica , Broome Kieran , Ingram Leanne , Oprescu Florin , Gray Marion
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The Modified Interest Checklist (MIC) is a tool used by therapists to understand past and present occupational engagement, however, is now outdated and lacks contemporary occupations. The aim of this study was to develop an updated valid and reliable checklist tool inclusive of contemporary leisure activities for clinical practice.

Methods

The study consisted of four phases, including feedback in relation to the MIC, two phases of development of an updated tool, and occupational therapists' opinions on the tool.

Consumer and Community Involvement

There was no consumer or community involvement in the development of this manuscript.

Results

More than 50% of participants in phases I and II expressed a need for a contemporary leisure inventory with specific detail to the inclusion of modern activities such as video games. An updated tool was developed, the ‘Checklist of Leisure, Interests and Participation’ (CLIP).

Conclusion

The CLIP presents as a valid and reliable option for leisure profile assessment. Findings suggest that this tool could be used for assessments within mental and physical health services.

PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY

The Modified Interest Checklist (MIC) is a commonly used occupational therapy tool used to assess people's leisure and interests. The tool was created in 1982 and is outdated for modern activities that people like to do in their spare time. This tool is typically used to understand what activities people like, dislike, and would like to do. This study aimed to develop and update the tool that includes contemporary activities such as social media and video games. The study included four online surveys in total. The first survey explored participants views of whether the MIC included modern activities that people like to do. A second survey was developed with a new tool called the Checklist of Leisure, Interests and Participation (CLIP) and asked people for feedback. More than 50% of the respondents from survey one and two indicated a need for an updated tool. A third survey gained further feedback on the CLIP. The final survey explored occupational therapists' perspective on whether the tool could be used with patients. The tool was viewed as suitable for patient use in Australian by occupational therapist and would be beneficial to understand people's leisure interests. This tool could be used by occupational therapists who work with adults in a range of settings such as mental and physical health settings. The surveys were collected online through social media, which could limit the variety of interests from the people who responded to the survey. This study provides information on how people like to spend their time. Further research is required to understand how occupational therapists can use this tool in more practice settings.
An alternative approach to the detection of latent fingermarks using [Eu2(BDC)3(H2O)2], a luminescent non‐toxic MOF powder
Authors: Talhari André L. R. , Mauricio Filipe G. M. , Gomes Bruna R. B. , Carneiro Caroline R. , Filho Idio A. S. , Veiga‐Souza Fabiane H. , Weber Ingrid T.
Published: January 2025

Fingermarks are important forensic evidence for identifying people. In this work, luminescent MOF [Eu2(BDC)3(H2O)2] (herein referred as EuBDC) was tested as a potential latent fingermark (LF) luminescent developer powder and its acute toxicity evaluated following OECD protocol 423. The results showed that the powder can develop groomed LF on materials such as leather, plastic, metal, glass, cardboard, and aluminum. LFs aged up to 30 days, left on glass slides were developed and classified as level‐3. The images presented high quality, enabling correct donor identification as well as through an Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) search. EuBDC also showed useful results as secondary technique for fixed cyanoacrylate LFs, especially on a reflective, multicolored and non‐flat surfaces. Additionally, the EuBDC was tested on ungroomed fingermarks, developed on a split depletion series of successive deposits and compared to a commercially available luminescent powder. Development also occurred on ungroomed aged fingermarks; as a secondary technique for cyanoacrylate fuming; and on transparent adhesive tape when used as a suspension for the latter. Considering that development powders are frequently handled by Papilloscopists and that this may pose a health risk, the acute toxicity and of EuBDC and histopathological analysis were evaluated. The tests showed no signs of toxicity. Therefore, the EuBDC was classified in category 5 in the Globally Harmonized System classification, the least toxic category, with an LD50 >5000 mg/Kg. The set of results shows that EuBDC powder has the potential use as a fingermark developer, as well as being suitable for applications for non‐toxic material.
Flaxseed gum nano‐microcapsules loaded with secoisolariciresinol diglucoside: Preparation and characterization
Authors: Fang Xu , Lou Yu , He Kun , Ge Xiao‐Yu , Wang Ruo‐Yu , Cai Xiao‐Shuang , Liu Hua‐Min , Wang Xue‐De
Published: January 2025

Flaxseed gum (FSG) has promising applications in the field of nano/microencapsulation for its biocompatibility and excellent physicochemical properties. In this study, FSG‐based nano‐microcapsules (FSG NPs) were prepared using high‐speed shear homogenization combined with ultrasound for efficient encapsulation of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). The particle size of FSG stands for nano‐microcapsules (NP) was determined to be 336.96 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.261. Adsorption kinetics, isotherms, antioxidant activity, surface morphology, rheological properties, and thermal stability were analyzed for FSG NP loaded with SDG. The results of adsorption kinetics analysis indicated that a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model could effectively predict the adsorption behavior, with a predicted adsorption capacity of 9.140 mg g−1. The Freundlich isotherm fit well with the isothermal model, indicating a non‐uniform adsorption process of SDG. According to morphometric analysis, the surface of the nano‐microcapsules was smooth without obvious breakage. SDG‐loaded FSG NP exhibited low viscosity, high antioxidant activity, and good thermal stability. In vitro release results showed that FSG‐SDG NP has a lower release rate in gastric fluid compared to intestinal fluid, which helps to achieve targeted release of SDG in the intestine. These findings provide a way to valorize FSG: As a hydrophilic food colloid, it can be used to produce microcapsules that can be loaded with bioactive compounds.
V‐ATPase Disassembly at the Yeast Lysosome‐Like Vacuole Is a Phenotypic Driver of Lysosome Dysfunction in Replicative Aging
Authors: Hashmi Fiza , Kane Patricia M.
Published: January 2025

Declines in lysosomal acidification and function with aging are observed in organisms ranging from yeast to humans. V‐ATPases play a central role in organelle acidification, and V‐ATPase activity is regulated by reversible disassembly in many different settings. Using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a replicative aging model, we demonstrate that V‐ATPases disassemble into their V1 and V0 subcomplexes in aging cells, with release of V1 subunit C (Vma5) from the lysosome‐like vacuole into the cytosol. Disassembly is observed after > 5 cell divisions and results in overall vacuole alkalinization. Caloric restriction, an established mechanism for reversing many age‐related outcomes, prevents V‐ATPase disassembly in older cells and preserves vacuolar pH homeostasis. Reversible disassembly is controlled in part by the activity of two opposing and conserved factors: the Regulator of Acidification of Vacuoles and Endosomes (RAVE) complex and Oxr1. The RAVE complex promotes V‐ATPase assembly and a rav1∆ mutant shortens replicative lifespan; Oxr1 promotes disassembly and an oxr1∆ mutation extends the lifespan. Importantly, the level of Rav2, a subunit of the RAVE complex, declines in aged cells, and Rav2 overexpression delays V‐ATPase disassembly with age. These data indicate that reduced V‐ATPase assembly contributes to the loss of lysosomal acidification with age, which affects replicative lifespan.
Can digital transformation decrease the debt concentration?
Authors: Li Ming , Song Zilong , Sun Xu , Yu Yumiao
Published: January 2025

Digital transformation affects a firm's financial decisions. This study examines the relationship between digital transformation and debt concentration. Higher‐level corporate digital transformation significantly decreases debt concentration (i.e., firms prefer to choose multiple debt types). Moreover, this relationship is more pronounced for firms with lower accounting information quality, higher default risk, and higher bankruptcy costs. Additional analyses reveal that digital and institutional environments affect the relationship between digital transformation and debt concentration. This study contributes to existing literature by showing the impact of the integration of digital technology on firms' debt structures and the economy.
Mechanisms of Homoarginine: Looking Beyond Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Zubkowski Ashley , Sferruzzi‐Perri Amanda N. , Wishart David S.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Homoarginine (hArg) is an arginine metabolite that has been known for years, but its physiological role in the body remains poorly understood. For instance, it is well known that high hArg concentrations in the blood are protective against several disease states, yet the mechanisms behind these health benefits are unclear. This review compiles what is known about hArg, namely its synthetic pathways, its role in different diseases and conditions, and its proposed mechanisms of action in humans and experimental animals.

Findings

Previous work has identified multiple pathways that control hArg synthesis and degradation in the body. Furthermore, endogenous hArg can modulate the cardiovascular system, with decreased hArg being associated with cardiovascular complications and increased mortality. Studies also suggest that hArg could serve as a diagnostic biomarker for a variety of immune, pancreatic, renal, and hepatic dysfunctions. Finally, in women, hArg concentrations rapidly increase throughout pregnancy and there are suggestions that alterations in hArg could indicate pregnancy complications like pre‐eclampsia.

Homoarginine is an under‐appreciated amino acid with potential wide‐ranging roles in systemic health, pregnancy, and pathophysiology. Although recent research has focused on its health or disease associations, there is a need for more investigations into understanding the mechanistic pathways by which hArg may operate. This could be aided using metabolomics, which provides a comprehensive approach to correlating multiple metabolites and metabolic pathways with physiological effects. Increasing our knowledge of hArg's roles in the body could pave the way for its routine use as both a diagnostic and therapeutic molecule.
Left atrial reservoir strain as a predictor of cardiac dysfunction in a murine model of pressure overload
Authors: Salvas John P. , Moore‐Morris Thomas , Goergen Craig J. , Sicard Pierre
Published: January 2025

Aim

Left atrial (LA) strain is emerging as a valuable metric for evaluating cardiac function, particularly under pathological conditions such as pressure overload. This preclinical study investigates the predictive utility of LA strain on cardiac function in a murine model subjected to pressure overload, mimicking pathologies such as hypertension and aortic stenosis.

Methods

High‐resolution ultrasound was performed in a cohort of mice (n = 16) to evaluate left atrial and left ventricular function at baseline and 2 and 4 weeks after transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Acute adaptations in cardiac function were assessed in a subgroup of mice (n = 10) with 3 days post‐TAC imaging.

Results

We report an increase in LA max volume from 11.0 ± 4.3 μL at baseline to 26.7 ± 16.7 μL at 4 weeks (p = 0.002) and a decrease in LA reservoir strain from 20.8 ± 5.4% at baseline to 10.2 ± 6.9% at 4 weeks (p = 0.001). In the acute phase, LA strain dysfunction was present at 3 days (p < 0.001), prior to alterations in LA volume (p = 0.856) or left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (p = 0.120). LA reservoir strain correlated with key indicators of cardiac performance including left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (r = 0.541, p < 0.001), longitudinal strain (r = −0.637, p < 0.001), and strain rate (r = 0.378, p = 0.007). Furthermore, markers of atrial structure and function including LA max volume (AUC = 0.813, p = 0.003), ejection fraction (AUC = 0.853, p = 0.001), and strain (AUC = 0.884, p < 0.001) all predicted LV dysfunction.

Conclusion

LA strain and function assessments provide a reliable, non‐invasive method for the early detection and prediction of cardiac dysfunction in a model of pressure overload.
Severe oesophagitis and oesophageal stricture secondary to anaphylaxis in a dog
Authors: Bielby LCH , Woodforde M , Kalnins N
Published: January 2025

This report describes the development of oesophagitis and oesophageal stricture in a dog secondary to anaphylaxis. A 9‐month‐old male entire Brussels Griffon presented in anaphylactic shock after exposure to Hymenoptera species (Sp). The dog had a history of an anaphylactic reaction after exposure to Hymenoptera, successfully managed with antihistamines and dexamethasone. On this presentation, the dog was vomiting, lethargic, hypotensive and hyperlactatemic, with a mild elevation in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) concentration and gall bladder wall oedema. An adrenaline constant rate infusion was required for 48 h; however, persistent vomiting and regurgitation occurred despite prokinetic and antiemetic therapy. The dog developed hypersalivation and discomfort around the neck on day 6 of hospitalisation. Oesophagitis was suspected and confirmed by endoscopic examination. The dog remained in hospital for a total of 10 days with a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (PEG) placed. He was discharged and managed as an outpatient for 1 month while deescalating therapy and could not eat orally during this time. Repeat endoscopy and an oesophagogram performed 5 weeks post‐discharge revealed a 2 mm oesophageal stricture 9.8 mm in length proximal to the lower oesophageal sphincter. The dog required four endoscopic guided ballooning procedures before the oesophageal diameter was deemed acceptable. After the first procedure, the dog could eat orally and gastrointestinal signs resolved. His PEG tube was removed after the fifth endoscope, 93 days from initial presentation, and further ballooning was not required. Gastrointestinal signs are commonly seen with anaphylaxis; however, these are usually self‐limiting. This was the first description in the veterinary literature of severe oesophagitis and stricture formation secondary to anaphylaxis.
Levelling up learning in higher education: Gamification of in‐video components to supercharge student learning and achievement in video‐based learning
Authors: Lee Jeongwon , Kim Dongho
Published: January 2025

Despite the rapid growth of video‐based learning in higher education, students face challenges in sustaining their full attention on video lectures. While gamification has been used to engage students, there have been few attempts to gamify in‐video learning. The study aimed to create a gamified instructional video and examine the effects on learning. We identified gamification principles that can be incorporated to gamify in‐video components. An experiment conducted for validation purposes involved 48 undergraduate and graduate students. The results revealed that the participants who learned from the gamified instruction video (ie, experimental group, n = 23) had higher levels of necessary cognitive load required for accomplishing the given tasks than the participants who learned from a conventional video (ie, control group, n = 25). Although there was no significant difference in situational interest, the experimental group also exhibited better achievement, higher levels of intrinsic motivation, and learning satisfaction than the control group. Interview results revealed that the experimental group had a positive learning experience and clarified how the gamification strategies contributed to the outcomes. We discuss the implications of this study for research and practice.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Video‐based learning (VBL) is recognized for its ability to accommodate students with diverse educational needs, and higher education has paid attention to its accessibility.

During VBL, students face challenges in sustaining their full attention on video lectures unless they are highly motivated to learn. Moreover, students lack access to receive real‐time guidance and feedback.

What this paper adds

We created a gamified VBL environment by embedding game elements into an instructional video.

The experimental results indicated that the gamified video did not significantly increase learners' situational interest but enhanced necessary cognitive load, intrinsic motivation, learning satisfaction, and academic achievement. Interview findings supported these results, revealing that the gamified video effectively reduced unnecessary cognitive load while increasing cognitive efforts toward achieving learning objectives, thereby fostering engaging learning experiences.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Our attempts to create gamified instructional videos demonstrated how to enhance video lectures through gamification strategies and offered guidance for the design of gamified instructional videos.

We also contributed to the exploration of gamification strategies in education and the potential of relatively underexplored gamification elements.
Studying Kurdishness in Turkey: A review of existing research
Authors: Acar Yasemin Gülsüm , Sandal‐Önal Elif , Şen Ercan , Uysal Mete Sefa
Published: January 2025

Knowledge production on marginalized identities is frequently shaped by epistemic violence, which limits both the scope and methodologies of research. One example of this is the case of Kurdish identity in Turkey, where we find that methodological and epistemic problems are evident particularly in social psychological research. To summarize social psychological studies on Kurdishness, Kurdish identity and conflict in Turkey we've conducted a systematic review that includes a total of 63 studies on topics related to Kurdishness. We utilize qualitative content analysis (Schreier, 2012) to address: (1) whether samples in the studies in our review represent Kurds, (2) which topics the studies mostly focus on, (3) how Kurdish identity and Kurds as a group are conceptualized and (4) how the Kurdish issue is conceptualized. We discuss our findings in light of epistemic violence and methodological nationalism and identify the key gaps in the literature and offer a critical, inclusive understanding of the social psychological studies on Kurdish identity and state violence in Turkey.
Impact of Two Flap Advancement Techniques and Periosteal Suturing on Graft Displacement During Guided Bone Regeneration
Authors: Raabe Clemens , Cafferata Emilio A. , Couso‐Queiruga Emilio , Chappuis Vivianne , Ramanauskaite Ausra , Schwarz Frank
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This preclinical ex vivo porcine study aimed to evaluate the effects of two flap advancement techniques and periosteal suturing (PS) on graft material displacement during primary wound closure in guided bone regeneration (GBR). Secondary objectives included assessing flap advancement and the impact of soft tissue characteristics on graft displacement.

Materials and Methods

Standardized two‐walled horizontal bone defects were created in second premolar sites of pig hemimandibles. Sites were randomized to using either full‐thickness flaps with modified periosteal releasing incisions (MPRI) or combination flaps using the mucosal detachment technique (MDT), both with and without PS. Cone‐beam computed tomography was used to measure changes in graft material thickness (GMT) at seven incremental levels (L0–L6) relative to the implant platform, before and after primary wound closure. Keratinized mucosa width (KMW), flap thickness (FT), and flap advancement (FA) were also recorded.

Results

Sixty‐eight horizontal bone augmentation procedures were performed on 34 pig hemimandibles, divided into four groups (MDT+PS, MDT‐PS, MPRI+PS, MPRI‐PS). Mean overall change in GMT at L0 was −24.5% ± 14.0% for MPRI and − 23.0% ± 14.3% for MDT (p ≥ 0.085). PS reduced graft displacement (−14.2% ± 11.5%) compared with no PS (−33.2% ± 16.9%, p < 0.001). FA was 8.3 ± 1.1 mm (MPRI) and 8.3 ± 1.5 mm (MDT). The mean KMW was 6.8 ± 0.9 mm, and FT ranged from 0.8 to 1.6 mm.

Conclusions

PS significantly reduced graft material displacement during primary wound closure, while flap advancement techniques and soft tissue characteristics had no impact on graft stability. Both surgical techniques provided sufficient flap advancement for primary wound closure.
Piloting of a Decision Aid for Recurrent Tonsillitis
Authors: Hill Callum , Ah‐See Kim , Moffat Helen
Published: January 2025

Objective

Currently, there is no adult‐specific decision aid (DA) to support decision‐making regarding recurrent tonsillitis. This study intends to address this gap by piloting a prototype DA.

Design

Randomised clinical trial.

Setting

Single centre trial at a tertiary otolaryngology department.

Participants

Forty‐three patients were randomised to either the DA or Treatment as Usual (TAU) group.

Main Outcome Measures

Primary objective: To measure how patients rate the quality of their decision‐making experience at the time of the decision and at follow‐up (SURE scale).

Secondary objective: The level of decisional satisfaction at the time of the decision and follow‐up, as well as to explore the numbers of people opting for surgery for each study condition (Shared tool and patient feedback).

Results

Quality: This study demonstrates no statistically significant difference in how patients rate the quality of their treatment decision between DA and TAU, both at baseline (p = 0.553) and follow‐up (p = 0.062).

Satisfaction: This study showed a statistically significant level of decisional satisfaction at the time the decision was made for Qu2 of the Shared tool (U = 113, p = 0.026). No other significant difference was found between participants who received the DA and TAU.

Conclusion

The DA is an acceptable and useful tool that could be incorporated into the pathway for recurrent tonsillitis, helping to eliminate physician implicit bias. However, preliminary qualitative evidence from this pilot study does not suggest that including the DA improves the quality of decision‐making.

Trial Registration: IRAS ID ‐ 230 362
Simple Auto‐Associative Networks Succeed at Universal Generalization of the Identity Function and Reduplication Rule
Authors: Kurtz Kenneth J.
Published: January 2025

It has become widely accepted that standard connectionist models are unable to show identity‐based relational reasoning that requires universal generalization. The purpose of this brief report is to show how one of the simplest forms of such models, feed‐forward auto‐associative networks, satisfies two of the most well‐known challenges: universal generalization of the identity function and the reduplication rule. Given the simplicity of the modeling account provided, along with the clarity of the evidence, these demonstrations invite a shift in this high‐profile debate over the nature of cognitive architecture and point to a way to bridge some of the presumed gulf between characteristically symbolic forms of reasoning and connectionist mechanisms.
Metaphor and Metaphilosophy: Wittgenstein, MacDonald, and Conceptual Metaphor Theory
Authors: Yetman Cameron C.
Published: January 2025

The discipline of philosophy has been critiqued from both within and outside itself. One brand of external critique is associated with Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), the view that human cognition is partially structured by pervasive and automatic mappings between conceptual domains. Most notably, Lakoff and Johnson (1999) claimed that many central philosophical concepts and arguments rely on an unacknowledged metaphorical substructure, and that this structure has sometimes led philosophy astray. The purpose of this paper is to argue that Lakoff and Johnson's critique is anticipated by the work of post‐Tractarian Wittgenstein and his student, Margaret MacDonald. In the Blue Book, Wittgenstein outlines a method for identifying and resolving philosophical puzzles generated by misused grammatical analogies, although his discussion lacks a precise characterization of exactly how and why such analogies lead to trouble. In a 1938 paper, MacDonald offers such a characterization, which I outline and then connect back to Wittgenstein. In addition to this interpretive work, I supplement Wittgenstein and MacDonald's diagnosis using evidence from CMT which suggests that linguistic metaphors and analogies often originate in or are motivated by more fundamental analogical mappings in cognition. The supplemented account carries implications for how philosophical arguments ought to be formulated and critiqued.
SELF‐FULFILLING BUSINESS CYCLES WITH PRODUCTION NETWORKS
Authors: Dong Feng , Zhou Fei
Published: January 2025

What is the role of production networks in inducing self‐fulfilling business cycles? We construct a multisector business cycle model that features both input–output linkages and credit constraints. Our theoretical framework demonstrates that a single aggregate financial multiplier is sufficient to characterize equilibrium determinacy, which hinges on the network structure. By quantitatively assessing the possibility of indeterminate equilibria in the United States from 2000 to 2020, we discover that the economy was prone to self‐fulfilling fluctuations in the period of pre‐2007.
‘It Feels Very Weird and Normal at the Same Time’: Sibling Perceptions of Their Relationships With an Autistic Brother or Sister With Complex Care Needs
Authors: Rixon Louise , Hastings Richard P. , Kovshoff Hanna
Published: January 2025

Background

The impact of having a disabled brother or sister on siblings' psychological well‐being and sibling relationships has been the subject of several research studies. However, research which focuses on the relationship between siblings and their autistic brother or sister with an intellectual disability and complex care needs is rare. We explored siblings' views and experiences of their sibling relationship with their autistic brother or sister with complex care needs.

Method

Eleven children and early adolescents (4 male/7 female) between the ages of 8 and 14 years took part in semi‐structured interviews with questions focussing on their relationship with their autistic brother or sister who had complex care needs. Reflexive thematic analysis was used as a guide to analyse the data.

Results

Four themes are presented: positive interactions bring joy, sibling conflict is driven by verbal interactions, behaviours may have different meanings for the sibling, perceptions of change in the sibling relationship.

Conclusions

The siblings of autistic brothers and sisters with an intellectual disability and complex care needs described warmth and positivity. Siblings of autistic children, who have complex care needs, deeply valued their interactions with their brother or sister despite reciprocity being on their terms. When autistic brothers and sisters had some functional spoken language, this often changed the context for the siblings relationship; perhaps leading to an increased chance of conflict or perceived negative experiences. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the individual meaning of these sibling relationships.
Malnutrition Diagnosed by Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment and the Risk of All‐Cause Mortality in Adults With Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Seid Awole , Debebe Zelalem , Ayelign Abebe , Abeje Melsew , Endris Bilal Shikur , Assefa Mathewos , Jemal Ahmedin
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Several reviews have highlighted that the Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG‐SGA) is the best diagnostic tool for assessing nutritional status in cancer patients. However, previous meta‐analyses summarizing the prevalence of malnutrition and overall survival in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer are quite limited. This study aims to determine the overall prevalence and association between malnutrition, as defined by the PG‐SGA, and mortality in adults with GI cancer.

Methods

A comprehensive systematic review of articles published from 2005 to 2023 was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Sciences and Scopus. The PRISMA guideline was followed to organize the entire content. A random‐effects meta‐analysis model using R Studio was performed to quantify the pooled proportion and hazard ratios (HRs). Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test and funnel plots. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 and Baujat plots. This study was registered in PROSPERO under the protocol number CRD42023465685.

Results

In this study, 46 publications with 23,235 participants were included in the final meta‐analysis. The overall prevalence of malnutrition among adults with GI cancer, as determined by the PG‐SGA, was 61% (95% CI: 51%–70%, I2 = 99%). The pooled prevalence of moderate and severe malnutrition were 38% (95% CI: 31%–45%, I2 = 96%) and 21% (95% CI: 13%–31%, I2 = 98%), respectively. By cancer type, malnutrition was more common in patients with oesophageal cancer (78%, 95% CI: 45%–94%, I2 = 99%) and gastric cancer (75%, 95% CI: 68%–81%, I2 = 87%). Additionally, the overall risk (pooled HR) of malnutrition on mortality among GI cancer patients was 2.02 (95% CI: 1.63–2.5, I2 = 23%).

Conclusion

Malnutrition is common in adults with GI cancer and doubles the risk of all‐cause mortality. These results emphasize the importance of ongoing efforts in prevention, early assessment, and intervention for malnutrition to minimize mortality rates.