bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Humanities Projects
Authors: Chebotareva Elena E. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2023

The author considers the Digital Humanities as a tendency towards a constructive synthesis of computer technology and humanitarian science in the context of their claim to make a paradigm shift in the humanities. As part of this review, the author raises a question about the role of interactive multimedia tools in the humanities, and tried to evaluate the novelty and content that scientific and educational projects receive with their help. The author develops and justifies the principle of systematization of Digital Humanities projects, based on the priority of distinguishing projects by the nature of the relationship between their humanitarian and computer (technological) components. Considering both the actual digital projects and the academic publications devoted to them in the context of their systematization, the author observes that many projects are largely experimental in nature due to the use of ever new multimedia tools, so it is premature to talk about a meaningful transformation of humanitarian science. Focusing on the issue of a successful synthesis of digital technologies and the humanities, the author notes that new technological tools (multimedia, AI or neural networks, etc) allow raising new questions, updating additional objects of research and creating new methods. However, new tools do not always set the completeness of the new content, only supplementing it, and the acquired interactivity does not always directly work for scientific character. In this case, we face with the reverse situation, when the claims of technologically determined disciplines to be scientific are intertwined with the claims of disciplinary science to manufacturability. As a result, the author concludes that the direction of Digital Humanities is significantly influenced by technoscience with its dissolution of the boundaries between fundamental and applied research and the desire for new technologies that transform the processes under study, which makes McLuhan’s concept especially relevant.
O ATUAL REGIME INTERNACIONAL DOS REFUGIADOS E A INEXISTÊNCIA DE PROTEÇÃO AOS DESLOCADOS AMBIENTAIS
Authors: Felix Ricardo Burratino
Published: June 2023

Este artigo tem por objetivo o estudo do regime internacional à proteçãodos refugiados, para isso, será feita uma breve análise ao principal motivogerador de refúgio, a guerra. Destaca-se no estudo a formação do conceitode guerra justa, definida, sobretudo, pela teoria do realismo clássico deequilíbrio de poder. Assim, será descrita a criação do atual regime de proteçãoaos refugiados e os fatos que antecederam sua criação, além da análiseda evolução do regime. Por fim, serão abordadas as novas realidades demigrações do cenário internacional, sobretudo as migrações forçadas porquestões ambientais, para as quais, inexiste qualquer proteção no atualregime de proteção aos refugiados.
ESTRATÉGIA MUNDIAL PARA REDUZIR O USO NOCIVO DE ÁLCOOL E AS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS NACIONAIS
Authors: Toledo Ana Carla Vasco de
Published: June 2023

O presente artigo discorre sobre os problemas causados pela ingestãoabusiva de bebidas alcoólicas e como suas consequências são enfrentadaspelo direito internacional, sobre tudo pela agência especializada da ONU,a Organização Mundial de Saúde. Os índices alarmantes de acidentes emortes mundiais obrigaram a agência responsável pela saúde mundial atomar medidas para redução e prevenção dessa epidemia como previstoem seu estatuto. A recomendação determinada pela OMS, de acordo como estudo apresentado, é um costume internacional, e dentro dessa análiseo Brasil demonstrou-se deficiente, portanto responsável pela não garantiado direito à saúde, que é um Direito Humano.
Adverse Drug Reactions to Antiretroviral Therapy: Frequency, Type, and Risk Factors in Children in Mali
Authors: Oumar Aboubacar Alassane , Seydou Alassane , Fofana Souleymane , Diarra Zoumana , Mariko Djeneba , Diallo Abdallah , Coulibaly Sanata , Sidibe Lala N. , Togo Boubacar , Dao Sounkalo , Doumbia Seydou , Tulkens Paul M.
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency, type, and risk factors associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in HIV-positive children with adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the Unit of Care and Accompaniment for People Living With HIV (USAC) of Bamako.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted at USAC of Bamako from May 1, 2014, to July 31, 2015. We included children aged 1 to 14 years with at least 6 months of ARV treatment initiated at USAC, with or without ADRs. Data collection was based on information collected from parents and clinical/biological assessments.

RESULTS

Median age of participants was 36 months and female sex was predominant (54.8%). Poor adherence during the study was observed in 15% of cases. Of patients in the study, 52% had a CD4 count less than 350 cells/mm3 at the time of adverse events. In bivariate analysis, we found that participants with adherence to ART tended to be younger than those with non-adherence to ART (36 vs 72 months, p = 0.093). In multivariable analysis, prophylactic treatment was the only factor marginally associated with ART adherence in HIV patients (p = 0.09). No other adverse biological effects or clinical conditions were associated with ART adherence in this study.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study we found that ADRs were frequent in HIV-positive patients but less frequent in ART-adherent HIV-positive children. Therefore, it is essential to regularly monitor children receiving ARVs to detect and treat the complications associated with these therapies according to ART adherence.
Evaluation of Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing for Urinary Tract Infection in Pediatric Patients Ages 2 Months to 18 Years
Authors: Lee Michelle M. , Briars Leslie , Ohler Kirsten H. , Gross Alan , Oliveri Lauren M.
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

To characterize the diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection (UTI) in pediatric patients at the University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System (UIH), with an emphasis on antibiotic prescribing; in addition, to characterize pediatric uropathogen patterns to help guide future empiric therapy choices.

METHODS

We used a retrospective, descriptive study of pediatric patients ages 2 months to ≤18 years seen at the UIH emergency department or clinic from January 1, 2014, to August 31, 2018, with ICD-9 or ICD-10 discharge diagnosis of UTI. Data collected included presenting symptoms, urinalysis, details of antibiotic regimens, urine culture, and susceptibility results.

RESULTS

Of the 207 patients included, the median age was 5.7 years (IQR, 3.2–9.4), and 183 patients (88.4%) were female. Common symptoms included dysuria (57%) and fever (37%). Empiric antibiotics were p-rescribed in 96.1% of cases, most commonly cefdinir (42%), cephalexin (22%), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (14%). Urine cultures were collected in 161 patients (77.8%), with 81 growing >50,000 colony-forming units bacteria. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated organism (82.1%), showing susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins (97%), nitrofurantoin (95%), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (84%). Although 25 urine cultures showed no growth, antibiotics were discontinued in only 4 cases.

CONCLUSIONS

Pediatric patients with UTI symptoms were often empirically prescribed cefdinir, possibly an unnecessarily broad choice because many E coli isolates were susceptible to narrower agents. Both urinalysis and urine cultures should be obtained during the diagnostic evaluation of UTI, with better follow-up of negative cultures to potentially discontinue antibiotics. This study highlights areas for improvement in the diagnosis, treatment, and antimicrobial stewardship in pediatric UTI.
Higher Weight-Based Doses Are Required to Achieve and Maintain Therapeutic Voriconazole Serum Trough Concentrations in Children
Authors: Zembles Tracy N. , Dasgupta Mahua , Kenkel Troy J. , Lehrer Brittany , Simpson Pippa , Havens Peter L. , Huppler Anna R.
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

Children require weight-based voriconazole doses proportionately larger than adults to achieve therapeutic serum trough concentrations (1–6 mcg/mL). The objective of this quality improvement project was to determine the initial dose, proportion of patients achieving target concentrations with initial dosing, and subsequent therapeutic drug monitoring and dose modifications needed to achieve and maintain therapeutic voriconazole concentrations in children.

METHODS

This retrospective study evaluated children aged <18 years treated with voriconazole during the study period. Dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) values were collected and compared by age. Data are presented as median (IQR), unless otherwise stated.

RESULTS

Fifty-nine patients, aged 10.4 (3.7–14.7) years and 49% female, met inclusion criteria; 42 had at least 1 steady-state voriconazole serum trough concentration measured. Twenty-one of 42 (50%) achieved the target concentration at the first steady-state measurement. An additional 13 of 42 (31%) achieved the target following 2 to 4 dose modifications. The dose required to first achieve a value in the target range was 22.3 (18.0–27.1) mg/kg/day in children aged <12 years and 12.0 (9.8–14.0) mg/kg/day in children aged ≥12 years. After reaching the target, 59% and 81% of repeated steady-state measurements were in the therapeutic range in patients aged <12 years and ≥12 years, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Reaching therapeutic voriconazole serum trough concentrations required doses larger than currently recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Multiple dose adjustments and TDM measurements were required to achieve and maintain therapeutic voriconazole serum concentrations.
Đặc điểm trường từ vựng - ngữ nghĩa của "Nước" và " Lửa" trong Tiếng Việt
Authors: Phạm Thị Châu Pha , Trần Thi Phương Lý
Published: June 2023

Nghiên cứu trường từ vựng -ngữ nghĩa sẽ giúp phát hiện những mối quan hệ ngữ nghĩa của hệ thống từ vựng bởi các từ ngữ không nằm rời rạc ngẫu nhiên mà nằm trong những mối liên hệ nhất định như các bộ phận trong chỉnh thể. Qua khảo sát, chúng tôi nhận thấy những đơn vị từ ngữ chỉ các yếu tố liên quan đến "nước" và "lửa" xuất hiện rất nhiều trong Tiếng Việt. Trong bài viết này, chúng tôi sẽ đi vào miêu tả đặc điểm trường từ vựng -ngữ nghĩa của "nước" và "lửa" trong tiếng Việt trên phương diện cấu trúc và ngữ nghĩa, từ đó làm rõ vai trò, ý nghĩa của trường từ vựng - ngữ nghĩa này trong việc giúp con người diễn đạt các khái niệm quan trọng liên quan đến đời sống con người và xã hội như thế nào
Penerapan Library Tensorflow, Cvzone, dan Numpy pada Sistem Deteksi Bahasa Isyarat Secara Real Time
Authors: Putra I Nyoman Tri Anindia , Kartini Ketut Sepdyana , Suyitno Yoga Kristian , Sugiarta I Made , Puspita Ni Kadek Era
Published: June 2023

Sebagai makhluk sosial, manusia secara alami perlu berinteraksi satu sama lain melalui komunikasi, dengan berada di masyarakat hanya untuk berbagi informasi atau saling menanggapi kebutuhan, seperti  proses belajar di sekolah. Namun penyandang tunarungu sulit untuk berkomunikasi secara utuh karena lingkungan yang tidak ramah bagi mereka dan salah satunya adalah sangat sedikit yang memahami bahasa isyarat. Program berbasis Python "My Signs" dikembangkan untuk mengedukasi masyarakat tentang Bahasa Isyarat Indonesia (BISINDO), dengan fitur-fitur seperti mengenali bahasa isyarat menggunakan model pembelajaran mesin dan menerjemahkan kata menggunakan output gambar, serta menggunakan Python. Layanan dalam infrastruktur perangkat lunak. Pengembangan aplikasi ini menggunakan library open CV yang merupakan bentuk library dari metode machine learning dengan Bahasa python, sehingga dengan berkembangnya aplikasi ini diharapakan terciptanya lingkungan yang ramah bagi tunarungu.
The position of England as a metropolis in relation to former colonies
Authors: Jerotijević Dušan , Dudić Bekir
Published: June 2023

The United Kingdom is the colonial power that has best positioned its position and relationship with former colonies of any colonial power in history. First, the British Commonwealth of Nations was created as a grouping that connects the metropolis with a huge number of countries. In addition, the King of the United Kingdom is the head of state in fifteen independent countries that were once colonies. The status of dominion was also introduced, which does not encroach on the country's sovereignty and membership in the OUN, but in all important moments, especially in war conflicts, this state militarily supports the United Kingdom. Among them are some of the largest countries in the world, Canada and Australia, as well as New Zealand, which is a large country by European standards. Capital flows, which are concentrated in London for a significant part, are particularly significant. Some of the world's biggest financial powerhouses live in London. The United Kingdom's exit from the EU gives it a position to more freely influence events in Europe and the world, and even in the EU itself. The future will show how far this country will play an extremely important role in world relations.
Propuesta metodológica de evaluación del turismo comunitario, caso de estudio en Arajuno, Pastaza
Authors: Ortega Ocana Angel Fernando , Reyes Vargas María Victoria
Published: June 2023

El turismo comunitario es una de las actividades que encaminan al desarrollo sostenible de las poblaciones que poseen valiosos bienes naturales. En el Ecuador entre el 2011 y el 2012 se registró un aumento de la actividad turística de alrededor del 9% de visitantes, aumento que se mantiene en lo que va del 2013, representa el sexto rubro de ingresos de divisas por productos o servicios en la economía ecuatoriana después de las exportaciones de petróleo, banano, camarón y productos derivados. En el 2002 el turismo comunitario captó el 3,67 % del total de ingresos generados por la actividad turística. En la provincia de Pastaza la presencia de siete nacionalidades (Kichwa, Shuar, Achuar, Waorani, Andoa, Zápara, Shiwiar) han propiciado la generación de productos bajo el enfoque del turismo comunitario, por las características naturales y culturales que éstas presentan. La propuesta metodológica de evaluación está basada en estudios de casos de comunidades asentadas en el cantón Arajuno, en la provincia de Pastaza, y abarca el análisis de dos componentes: caracterización turística dela Operación Turística Comunitaria (OTC), y caracterización de atractivos y/o recursos turísticos de trece operaciones comunitarias. Información que permite al sector público, privado y comunitario la toma de decisiones, además de la generación de información con fines académicos, tomando en cuenta que dicha oferta se basa en tres factores: respeto al entorno natural y cultural, sostenibilidad integral, y control efectivo del negocio turístico por parte de las comunidades para obtener beneficios directos.
AN IMPROVED MULTI-LABELED LSTM TOXIC COMMENT CLASSIFICATION
Authors:   Bayero University Kano, Abubakar Muhammad , Tukur Aminu ,   Bayero University Kano, Bukar Usman Usman ,   Bayero University Kano
Published: June 2023

The origin of text classification was far back to the early '60s. Text classification classified text into different predefined classifications. One of the techniques used for text classification long short term memory, which is an artificial recurrent neural network architecture. Today, all around the world people are expressing themselves with their opinions and also discuss among others via the media. In such a setup, it is quite observable that discussions may arise due to differences in opinion. These discussions might take a dirty side and which may further result in combats over the social media platforms and may lead to offensive language termed as toxic comments. To identify online hate speech, a large number of scientific studies have been devoted to using Natural Language Processing in combination with Machine Learning and Deep Learning methods. Among the challenges of toxic comment, classifiers are the Out-of-vocabulary words problem, which is the occurrence of words that are not present in the training data. Long-Range Dependencies are also a challenge to toxic comment classification. Which is a situation whereby the toxicity of comments often depends on expressions made in the early parts of the comment. This is especially problematic for longer comments. Another challenge is the low accuracy of comment classification techniques. Epoch was used in improving the accuracy of long short term memory. Epoch tends to improve the accuracy of the classifier since it positively affects the speed and quality of the learning process. We have an improvement of 0.4068 in precision, 0.2871 in a recall, 0.2293 in F1, and 0.4291 inaccuracy.
COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT POTTING MEDIA ON THE EARLY GROWTH OF ENTANDOPHRAGMA ANGOLENSE (WELW.)
Authors:   Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, O.A Iroko , J.O Amadi ,   Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, S.O Rufai ,   Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, W.T Wahab ,   Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria
Published: June 2023

The study investigated the effects of different potting media on the early growth of Entandophragma angolense with the view to producing viable and vigorous planting stock of the species for plantation establishment. The layout comprised of nine treatments of potting media prepared from forest topsoil, river, Sand, cow-dung, and poultry manure in varying ratios. The treatment was replicated nine times in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Height, stem diameter, leaf production was assessed fortnightly for six weeks. The results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) among the treatment in shoot height, stem diameter, leaf production, and biomass yield. Treatment 3 (T3) gave the best result in terms of shoot height, 26.89cm, stem diameter, 3.20mm, while Treatment 7 (T7) had the highest leaf production 27.52, and Treatment 6 (T6) had the highest biomass production of 5.52g. However, Treatment 8 (T8) gave the minimum results of mean height, 9.12cm, stem diameter 0.19mm, leaf production, 5.69, and biomass production of 1.01g. The study, therefore, showed that the incorporation of an optimum level of organic manure into the potting media resulted in the growth improvement of Entandophragma angolense seedlings.
NIGERIAN LEGISLATURE AND ADMINISTRATION OF CONSTITUENCY PROJECTS IN NIGERIA: (2015 – 2020)
Authors:   Akwa Ibom state University, Nigeria, Atairet Clifford Atairet , Sunday E. Ibanga ,   Akwa Ibom state University, Nigeria
Published: June 2023

Constituency projects are not peculiar to Nigeria alone. Since its inception in Nigeria, there have been various perceptions that constituency projects are conduit pipe for the legislators to siphon money because of its mode of operations over the years. This study seeks to assess the Nigerian legislature and the administration of the constituency projects in Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research approach and data were sourced from primary and secondary sources and analyzed using simple percentage and chi-square. The finding indicates, amongst others, that there is no legal framework establishing constituency projects rather convention and it also shows that it is an avenue where corruption thrives. The study also pointed out that corruption; lack of constitutional/legal framework and lack of proper monitoring and evaluation affect the proper administration of constituency projects in Nigeria. Accordingly, amongst others, the study recommends that there should be a legal framework established by the act of parliament for constituency projects. Also, an agency should be created to oversee constituency projects in Nigeria as well as proper monitoring and evaluation to curb corruption.
THE SYRIAN WAR: HIDDEN HANDS AND THE CHALLENGES TO PEACE PROCESSES AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Osun State University, Nigeria, Adebowala Idowu Adeyeye
Published: June 2023

Perhaps, the war in Syria which began in 2011 can be described as one of the deadliest conflicts in the 21st century. In attempting to end the war, a number of institutional, regional and global efforts and initiatives in forms of peace proposals, negotiations, diplomatic peace initiatives and mediations were put in place. The purpose of this paper is to examine these peace mechanisms and the factors that act as undercurrents and/or impediments. It argues that various actors, interests and agendas act as impediments to the numerous peace processes. And, that the complex intertwines of internal and external factors are fundamental to the outcome of the various peace processes and conflict management initiatives. The sordid back stories and activities of hidden hands such as the United States (US) and Russia using the war as pawn to fight a proxy battles including the roles of Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and other groups are the challenges faced by the various peace processes. It is concluded that though political solution is appropriate mechanism for solving the quagmire but the influence of exogenous interests and the complex internal factors which impacts negatively on political diplomacy may continue for a long time. Therefore, if political approach must work effectively, there must be consideration for, and synergy among the various domestic and exogenous interests.
NEXUS BETWEEN ICT AND INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS
Authors:   Kano State Polytechnic, Nigeria, Muhammad Muhammad Suleiman , Garba Umar Bebeji ,   Kano State Polytechnic, Nigeria, Zahra Kyari Muhammad ,   Kano State Polytechnic, Nigeria
Published: June 2023

The importance of inclusive education in the development of a nation cannot be overstated. Developing countries face several roadblocks as they work to implement Inclusive Education (IE). The effective use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in developing countries will assist governments in achieving equitable education by assisting women, orphans, and children with disabilities in schools. Despite the importance and positive impact of Information Communication Technologies (ICT), previous research on ICT's use in inclusive education, particularly in developing countries, has been severely limited. By alluding to the concept of Universal Access to Education, this text examines the topic of school consideration. It focuses on ICTs' solid ability to keep a strategic distance from any form of separation among understudies. The paper also claims that educators play a critical role in maximizing the opportunities provided by emerging technology to aid the complete integration of all students into traditional educational frameworks. Educators should be aware of the ICT potentials, and they should have the option to secure the necessary information and operational abilities to choose and use these types of assets properly. For the current social orders, ICT and consideration provide a space of exceptional rational enthusiasm. At this time, teachers' attitudes toward ICT play a critical role in the complete adoption of Inclusive Education.
MANAGING EMPLOYEES' WORKPLACE CYBERLOAFING IN A PUBLIC UNIVERSITY'S INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY CENTER
Authors:   Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria, Kalejaiye Peter Oluwadare , Hammed Sodiq Toyosi ,   Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
Published: June 2023

Cyberloafing by employees has received a considerable amount of attention in several organizations. However, an attempt to examine the management of cyberloafing in a university setting is rare; thus, the current study focuses on researching this area. The study adopts role theory, survey design based on a qualitative approach, gathering data through in-depth interviews, and a critical information interview. The data were content analyzed. There was evidence of cyberloafing among the employees for different reasons, which affect work commitment and performance. There was no strict management regulation on cyberloafing. The management functions to develop control mechanisms to monitor employees during critical periods such as examinations and student registration exercises. There is a need to have control measures to manage cyberloafing to foster excellent disciplinary work-life. Recognizing the causes, consequences, and how to manage cyberloafing is imperative to promote good disciplinary work-life in a public university's ICT center.
THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL EXPENDITURE ON AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT IN NIGERIA
Authors:   Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, Falana Olatunbosun Ayo
Published: June 2023

Agriculture contributes immensely to the economic development in Nigeria, efficient and effective management of the sector will enable the country to feed its increasing population, provide job opportunities, foreign exchange earnings and the provision of raw materials for the industries. However, due to policy and agriculture expenditure inconsistency coupled with political instability the sector has not been performing up to its expectation. This study makes immense contribution to the existing arguments by empirically analysing the effect of government agriculture expenditure on agriculture growth in Nigeria, using time series data from 1961-2013 obtained from the Central bank of Nigeria. Granger causality technique of data analysis was used in testing the secondary data. Agriculture gross domestic product (AGDP) was used as a proxy for agriculture growth, while government expenditure on agriculture was used as indicators of government expenditure on agriculture (GAEXP). The result of this study shows bidirectional causality between Government agriculture expenditure and agriculture GDP in Nigeria at the fourth lag lengths between 1961 and 2013. In other words agriculture expenditure granger causes agriculture GDP and also agriculture GDP granger causes agriculture expenditure. The study therefore recommends an urgent attention to be given to consistent budgetary allocation towards agricultural sector. The study also suggest, that government expenditure on agriculture sector should be continuous and not only in the time of falling agriculture product. This will continuously increase agriculture output and growth as well.
CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND CORPORATE PERFORMANCE OF LISTED PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES IN NIGERIA
Authors:   Ekiti State University, Nigeria, Olaoye Clement Olatunji , Abiodun Rafiat Ayeni-Agbaje ,   Ekiti State University, Nigeria, Alabadan Dinatu Nna ,   Federal University of Oye, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria, Adedeji Ayodeji Quadri ,   Ekiti State University, Nigeria
Published: June 2023

This study examined capital structure and corporate performance of listed pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. The study specifically analyzed the impact of short-term debt (STD), long term debt (LTD) and Firms Size (FZ) on return on equity (ROE). The study focused on five pharmaceutical companies listed on the Nigeria stock exchange. Secondary data were collected from annual reports of sampled pharmaceutical companies over a period of six years (2012-2017) and were analyzed using descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, pooled OLS estimator, fixed effect estimator, and random effect estimator and Hausman test. The most consistent and efficient estimator revealed that short term debt exerts insignificant positive effect on return on equity, with coefficient estimate of 0.094800 (p=0.0946> 0.05), effect of long-term debt is negative and significant, with coefficient estimate of -0.302446 (p=0.0094< 0.05), and firms size exert insignificant negative impact on return on equity, with coefficient estimate of -0.026763 (p=0.3892> 0.05). The study concluded that using large proportion of debt significantly influence the performance of pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. The study recommends that firms should consider the mixture of equity and debt for better performance of the organization, since they are major determinants of corporate performance.
المعلومات غير المفصح عنها في القانون اليمني
Authors: جازم عواد عبدالحفيظ
Published: June 2023

صدر القانون رقم (2) لسنة 2011م بشأن براءة الاختراع ونماذج المنفعة، تصميمات الدوائر المتكاملة، المعلومات غير المفصح عنها، في12/1/20111م، ويعد من القوانين الحديثة التي صدرت قبيل انضمام اليمن إلى منظمة التجارة العالمية، كما يعد هذا القانون أول قانون في اليمن يعنى بتنظيم المعلومات غير المفصح عنها، على الرغم من أنه لم يرتق إلى مستوى الطموح منه؛ لكونه قد خلا من أية نصوص تقرر المسئولية تجاه كل من يفشي تلك المعلومات، ويجعل كل من يقوم بذلك عرضة للمطالبة بالتعويض، هذا بالإضافة إلى أن نصوص هذا القانون قد جاءت خالية –أيضاً- من أية نصوص عقابية تجرم الأفعال التي من شأنها أن تؤدي إلى الاعتداء على تلك المعلومات والاستيلاء عليها وإفشائها، وذلك نظراً لأهمية تلك المعلومات بالنسبة للمشروعات التجارية والصناعية واعتماد هذه الأخيرة على تلك المعلومات في زيادة قدراتها التنافسية في السوق؛ لكون هذه المعلومات أو الأسرار تسهم بشكل كبير في زيادة الإنتاج وتحسينه، وكذا تسهم في تقليل نفقاته، كما أن هذه المعلومات أصبحت تؤدي دوراً أساسياً في عملية نقل التكنولوجيا، وقد جاء هذا البحث لدراسة نصوص القانون المتعلقة بالمعلومات غير المفصح عنها في القانون اليمني، من خلال مبحثين، خصصنا الأول منها لمناقشة مفهوم المعلومات غير المفصح عنها من حيث التعريف بها وتبيين الصور المختلفة لها، والشروط اللازمة لإضفاء الحماية عليها مع تبيين الالتزامات الملقاة على عاتق الحائز لها، بينما ناقش المبحث الثاني مسألة الاعتداء عليها وأوضح الصور المختلفة لذلكم الاعتداء والجزاء المترتب عليه، وقد اعتمد هذا البحث بمنهجه على المزج بين المنهج الوصفي والمنهج التحليل المقارن.
نقش سبئي جديد من مديرية الحدأ، محافظة ذمار
Authors: الشرعي محمد مسعد أحمد
Published: June 2023

يتناولُ البحث بالتحليل والدراسة نقشًا سبئيًا جديدًا، من نقوش الإهداءات، مدونًا على لوحِ صغير من البرونز، عُثِرَ عليه في قرية طُمَيح الأثرية بمديرية الحدأ (محافظة ذمار)، والمطلعُ على النقش يلحظُ أنه ذو طابع نذري، يتحدث في مجملهِ عن إهداء هذا النقش- تقدمة نذرية - من امرأة إلى (المعبود) عثتر ذذبن (ذو ذبيان)، وتكمنُ أهميةُ النقش في أنهُ لم ينُشر من قبلُ، ويضيف أسماء أعلام، وألفاظًا جديدة لم يرد ذكرها في نقوش المسند المنشورة. اهتمً البحث بدراسة جميع الألفاظ الواردة في النقش، سواءً المعروفةُ منها أم الواردةُ لأولِ مرةٍ، وركز البحث على دلالاتِ مضمون النقش اللغوية والاجتماعية والدينية.
The Influence of Religiosity, Organizational Culture, Implementation of Internal Controls and Information Asymmetry on Accounting Fraud
Authors: Nursifitri Nadya , Rahayu Sri , Yudi Yudi
Published: June 2023

This study aims to examine the effect of religiosity, organizational culture, internal control implementation, and information asymmetry on accounting fraud in regional apparatus organizations (OPD) Jambi province. The population in this study is the Regional-Dinas Apparatus Organizations, totaling 21 offices in Jambi Province. The sample selected in this study consisted of 3 (three) people, including the Head of OPD, OPD Financial Administrative Officer, and OPD Treasurer, so that the total number of respondents was 63 people. This research data collection technique by distributing questionnaires to research respondents. The data analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study found that simultaneously religiosity, organizational culture, internal control implementation, and information asymmetry affects accounting fraud in regional apparatus organizations (OPD) Jambi Province. Partially the variables of religiosity, implementation of internal control, and information asymmetry have an effect on accounting fraud, while organizational culture variables have no effect on accounting fraud.
A Comparative Study of The Clinical Outcomes Using Conventional Manual Staplers and Circular Powered Staplers in Patients Undergoing Left Sided Colorectal Anastomosis
Authors: Singhavi Hitesh
Published: June 2023

Aim: The aim of our study was to assess safety and efficacy of powered circular staplers for colorectal anastomosis and its comparison with conventional (manual staplers). Method: It’s a single institute, single surgeon based retrospective study to compare powered staplers with manual for the patient’s undergoing anastomosis in colorectal surgery. We assessed the two techniques on the basis of type of surgery, technical problems, intraoperative leak, post-operative leak, blood transfusion, post-operative complication rates, adverse events, additional use of analgesics, antibiotics and readmission rates. SPSS version 20 was used to perform the statistical analysis. Result: Study consisted of forty- eight patients who underwent surgery for colorectal disease. Mean operating time was same for both the groups (3.33 hours). One post-operative leak was observed in manual stapler anastomosis. Four patients had complications including anastomotic leak, anastomotic stricture, wound infection and perianal pain in our study, amongst them three patients underwent manual anastomosis while one patient underwent powered anastomosis. One patient in each arm required readmission. Three patients who underwent powered stapler anastomosis required higher analgesics and higher antibiotics as compared to none in manual, however it was not statistically significant. The mean pain score for patient in powered stapler and manual stapler was 2.96 and 2.92 respectively(p<0.851), while mean length of stay was 7.04 for powered and 6.1 for manual stapler(p<0.08). Conclusion: In our preliminary study, powered stapler was safe and efficacious without any added complications and adverse events. We observed comparable intraoperative and higher trends of post-operative complication rates in manual stapler group.
Empirical Study of GRIT w.r.t, Higher Secondary Student
Authors: Sharda Parul , Singh Tuteja Sanjeet , Modi Ahlad
Published: June 2023

Students of teen age have different perceptions towards their career. GRIT means consistency and focus to achieve their goals in spite of hurdles. To find how much current generation is aware and keen for their future GRIT has been studied. In this study we focused on higher secondary students of age 16 to 18, to find out their perceptions towards career and life satisfaction. What is the role of GRIT in achieving their aims in career?  The research is based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire from the students of class XI and XII. This study is to analyze the behavior of students towards their walks of life and design.  To test the hypothesis, Normality, Reliability, Independent t-test and ANOVA were use on the data collected with the questionnaire.
Communautés d’apprentissage professionnelles auprès du personnel enseignant au primaire en contexte francominoritaire : moyen prometteur pour faciliter la mise en oeuvre de la pédagogie universelle
Authors: Desmarais Marie-Élaine , Forest Marie-Pier
Published: June 2023

La pédagogie universelle (PU), une approche inclusive et flexible, est un moyen privilégié pour répondre aux besoins variés de tous les élèves puisqu’elle leur offre davantage de choix et de possibilités lors des activités d’apprentissage qui leur sont proposées. Les recherches dans les domaines de l’éducation inclusive et du développement professionnel notent la nécessité de la formation continue du personnel enseignant et soulignent la valeur des communautés d’apprentissage professionnelles (CAP) à cet effet. Les recherches sur les CAP témoignent de leur avantage pour amener des retombées concrètes sur l’apprentissage et la réussite des élèves. Les recherches sur la PU, quant à elles, soulignent son potentiel pour réduire le nombre d’accommodements individualisés et enseigner à tous les élèves, mais peu démontrent comment les CAP peuvent favoriser son implantation. Cet article s’intéresse alors aux résultats d’une recherche-action visant à documenter la formation continue sur la PU par le biais de CAP de personnes enseignantes du primaire en contexte francominoritaire. Les résultats présentés mettent en évidence l’importance des CAP pour faciliter la mise en oeuvre de la PU, la cohésion de l’équipe-école ainsi que la persévérance à implanter la PU malgré les difficultés rencontrées, et ce, en pleine crise sanitaire.
La confection d’un guide d’entretien pas à pas dans l’enquête qualitative
Authors: Rondeau Karine , Paillé Pierre , Bédard Emmanuelle
Published: June 2023

L’entretien, une méthode des plus importantes dans les enquêtes en sciences humaines et sociales, exige de la part des personnes chercheuses non seulement de bonnes compétences scientifiques et relationnelles, mais aussi, ce qui est parfois négligé, un bon degré de préparation. Le présent texte entend répondre à cette dernière lacune, d’une part en mettant de l’avant quelques propositions d’ordre épistémologique susceptibles de bien orienter la préparation ainsi que la conduite de l’entretien, et d’autre part en examinant en détail, pas à pas, le travail de confection du guide d’entretien en six étapes.
La rigueur en théorisation ancrée : une expérience doctorale
Authors: Sid Mohand Meriem , Maltais Nathalie , Genest Christine , Rassy Jessica
Published: June 2023

La rigueur en théorisation ancrée (TA) soulève beaucoup de questionnements chez les étudiants et les chercheurs qui s’intéressent à cette méthode. Les critères de qualité de la recherche qualitative en général sont souvent utilisés en TA alors que ceux-ci sont peu spécifiques. Ceci fait en sorte que très peu d’études par TA utilisent des critères de rigueur qui lui sont propres. Afin d’aider les étudiants et les chercheurs à mieux réfléchir quant à la rigueur scientifique, cet article présente une expérience vécue par une chercheure novice ayant réalisé une étude par TA dans le cadre de son projet doctoral. Le processus réflexif de l’étudiante entourant la rigueur en TA sera présenté selon huit dimensions et illustré à l’aide d’exemples : 1) la position philosophique; 2) le processus itératif et l’échantillonnage théorique; 3) la sensibilité théorique; 4) le processus amenant l’émergence d’une théorie; 5) la saturation théorique; 6) les critères de qualité propres à l’auteur ou aux auteurs de la TA choisie; 7) le niveau de théorie atteint; 8) la distinction entre une étude par TA et une étude descriptive utilisant des stratégies de TA.
L’entretien métagraphique en recherche : fondements et pratiques
Authors: Marin Jessy , Lévesque Jean-Yves
Published: June 2023

L’entretien métagraphique est une méthodologie de plus en plus utilisée auprès d’apprenants de tous âges dans les recherches en didactique du français. Ce type d’entretien permet d’avoir accès aux représentations des scripteurs à l’égard de leurs écrits. Il est habituellement utilisé de manière complémentaire à la production d’écrits. L’analyse des données issues de ce type d’entretien, lorsqu’elle est combinée à celle des écrits, permet de dresser un portrait plus complet et plus précis des acquis réalisés par les sujets et de ceux à parfaire. Cette méthodologie est donc d’une grande pertinence pour les didacticiens. Néanmoins, peu de publications ont porté spécifiquement sur celle-ci. Cet article vise donc à en éclairer divers aspects. D’abord, les fondements de l’entretien métagraphique sont abordés. Puis, il est question des avantages et des limites de ce type d’entretien. Enfin, son déroulement et l’analyse des données qui en découlent sont traités en s’appuyant sur différents travaux qui ont fait appel à cette méthodologie de recherche.
¿‘Servidumbre tecnológica voluntaria’? Algunas preguntas y definiciones
Authors: Suárez-Gonzalo Sara
Published: June 2023

Desde hace un tiempo, el discurso de la «servidumbre tecnológica voluntaria» ha ganado fuerza en entornos académicos y no académicos. En particular, en relación con las nuevas tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación. Sin embargo, ¿podemos hablar de siervos y siervas tecnológicos? ¿Podemos decir que esta llamada servidumbre es voluntaria?
ЕТИКА У БИБЛИОТЕКАРСТВУ – ДУЖНОСТ, ПРИВИЛЕГИЈА, ИЗАЗОВ
Authors: Рендић Александра , Вуковић Оријана
Published: June 2023

Више од других институција које служе као посредници у кориштењу информација, библиотеке се суочавају са индивидуалним мотивима корисника информација. Са становишта етике, ти мотиви су подстакнути жељом корисника да оствари више животне циљеве и вриједности. Већина савремених библиотечко-информационих кодекса садржи начела која се тичу опште и равноправне доступности информација, поузданости информација, објективности, приватности и заштите ауторских права. Као установе образовања, културе и установе од социјалног значаја, библиотеке имају веома важну улогу у процесу стасавања читалаца. Зато је веома важан однос библиотекара према младима. Редован контакт библиотекара са свим корисницима развија основне етичке вриједности: одговорност, поштење, уважавање, узајамно поштовање. У професионалном раду библиотекара, чији је рад усмјерен на читаоце, ствара се систем узајамно условљених моралних односа у којима учествују разни фактори: однос библиотекара према корисницима, према радним колегама, али и према друштву у којем библиотека дјелује.
IZGRADNJA I ZNAČAJ NACIONALNOG FONDA REPUBLIKE SRPSKE
Authors: Bojić Milijana , Stošić Aleksandra , Tubić Ranka
Published: June 2023

Narodna i univerzitetska biblioteka Republike Srpske od 1999. godine obavlja funkciju nacionalne biblioteke u Republici Srpskoj, što znači da je njena obaveza da prikuplja, čuva, predstavlja i daje na korišćenje bibliotečku-informacionu građu i izvore Republike Srpske. Građa za Nacionalni fond se nabavlja kupovinom, razmjenom, poklonom i obaveznim primjerkom. U radu ćemo se osvrnuti na značaj Nacionalnog fonda za Narodnu i univerziteku biblioteku i Republiku Srpsku, njegovu građu, čuvanje i način formiranja, kao i načine prikupljanja bibliotečke građe.
ТЕМАТСКО САГЛАСЈЕ ЧАСОПИСА И КЊИГЕ – НОВИ ИЗДАВАЧКИ ПОДУХВАТ НАРОДНЕ И УНИВЕРЗИТЕТСКЕ БИБЛИОТЕКЕ РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРПСКЕ
Authors: Сударушић Радославка Р.
Published: June 2023

У издању Народне и универзитетске библиотеке Републике Српске и Филолошког факултета Универзитета у Бањој Луци (суизда- вач) изашао је крајем 2021. године први број часописа за културну баштину и науку о књизи, под насловом Верзал. Главни и одговорни уредник је магистар библиотечких наука Вања Шмуља, која је запо- слена у звању документалисте савјетника у именованој библиотеци. У уредништву је и мастер библиотекарства и информатике Споменка Кузмановић, библиотекар савјетник. Рецензенти и чланови редакције Верзала јесу професори универзитетâ у Риму, Софији, Београду, Ба- њој Луци и Источном Сарајеву, заједно са научним сарадницима и савјетницима Института за књижевност и уметност у Београду, Ви- зантолошког института САНУ, Народне библиотеке Србије, Универ- зитетске библиотеке „Светозар Марковић“ и Академије наука и умјетности Републике Српске.
РАЈКО ПЕТРОВ НОГО
Authors: Симовић Раде Г.
Published: June 2023

Прије свих, желим да захвалим деканату Филозофског факул- тета у Палама, што је успио да организује комеморативно вече посве- ћено Рајку Петрову Ногу, једном од највећих модерних и савремених српских пјесника и нашем професору и пријатељу.
σ28-dependent small RNA regulation of flagella biosynthesis
Authors: Melamed Sahar , Zhang Aixia , Jarnik Michal , Mills Joshua , Silverman Aviezer , Zhang Hongen , Storz Gisela
Published: June 2023

Flagella are important for bacterial motility as well as for pathogenesis. Synthesis of these structures is energy intensive and, while extensive transcriptional regulation has been described, little is known about the posttranscriptional regulation. Small RNAs (sRNAs) are widespread posttranscriptional regulators, most base pairing with mRNAs to affect their stability and/or translation. Here, we describe four UTR-derived sRNAs (UhpU, MotR, FliX and FlgO) whose expression is controlled by the flagella sigma factor σ28 (fliA) in Escherichia coli. Interestingly, the four sRNAs have varied effects on flagellin protein levels, flagella number and cell motility. UhpU, corresponding to the 3´ UTR of a metabolic gene, likely has hundreds of targets including a transcriptional regulator at the top flagella regulatory cascade connecting metabolism and flagella synthesis. Unlike most sRNAs, MotR and FliX base pair within the coding sequences of target mRNAs and act on ribosomal protein mRNAs connecting ribosome production and flagella synthesis. The study shows how sRNA-mediated regulation can overlay a complex network enabling nuanced control of flagella synthesis.
A novel computational pipeline for var gene expression augments the discovery of changes in the Plasmodium falciparum transcriptome during transition from in vivo to short-term in vitro culture
Authors: Andradi-Brown Clare , Wichers-Misterek Jan Stephan , von Thien Heidrun , Höppner Yannick D , Scholz Judith AM , Hansson Helle , Filtenborg Hocke Emma , Gilberger Tim Wolf , Duffy Michael F , Lavstsen Thomas , Baum Jake , Otto Thomas D , Cunnington Aubrey J , Bachmann Anna
Published: June 2023

The pathogenesis of severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria involves cytoadhesive microvascular sequestration of infected erythrocytes, mediated by P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1). PfEMP1 variants are encoded by the highly polymorphic family of var genes, the sequences of which are largely unknown in clinical samples. Previously, we published new approaches for var gene profiling and classification of predicted binding phenotypes in clinical P. falciparum isolates (Wichers et al., 2021), which represented a major technical advance. Building on this, we report here a novel method for var gene assembly and multidimensional quantification from RNA-sequencing that outperforms the earlier approach of Wichers et al., 2021, on both laboratory and clinical isolates across a combination of metrics. Importantly, the tool can interrogate the var transcriptome in context with the rest of the transcriptome and can be applied to enhance our understanding of the role of var genes in malaria pathogenesis. We applied this new method to investigate changes in var gene expression through early transition of parasite isolates to in vitro culture, using paired sets of ex vivo samples from our previous study, cultured for up to three generations. In parallel, changes in non-polymorphic core gene expression were investigated. Modest but unpredictable var gene switching and convergence towards var2csa were observed in culture, along with differential expression of 19% of the core transcriptome between paired ex vivo and generation 1 samples. Our results cast doubt on the validity of the common practice of using short-term cultured parasites to make inferences about in vivo phenotype and behaviour.
Drift of neural ensembles driven by slow fluctuations of intrinsic excitability
Authors: Delamare Geoffroy , Zaki Yosif , Cai Denise J , Clopath Claudia
Published: June 2023

Representational drift refers to the dynamic nature of neural representations in the brain despite the behavior being seemingly stable. Although drift has been observed in many different brain regions, the mechanisms underlying it are not known. Since intrinsic neural excitability is suggested to play a key role in regulating memory allocation, fluctuations of excitability could bias the reactivation of previously stored memory ensembles and therefore act as a motor for drift. Here, we propose a rate-based plastic recurrent neural network with slow fluctuations of intrinsic excitability. We first show that subsequent reactivations of a neural ensemble can lead to drift of this ensemble. The model predicts that drift is induced by co-activation of previously active neurons along with neurons with high excitability which leads to remodeling of the recurrent weights. Consistent with previous experimental works, the drifting ensemble is informative about its temporal history. Crucially, we show that the gradual nature of the drift is necessary for decoding temporal information from the activity of the ensemble. Finally, we show that the memory is preserved and can be decoded by an output neuron having plastic synapses with the main region.