bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Historical accidental font in the works of artists of the "Culture League"
Authors: Kotliar Elena Romanovna , Shirina Nadezhda Sergeevna
Published: April 2022

The subject of the study is the historical accidental font used in the works of members of the Jewish art organization. "Culture League".The object of the study is the accidental font as an instrument of semantic and stylistic definition of these works within the framework of Jewish culture. The research uses methods of analysis of visual symbols in the works of members of the art section of the "Culture League" and their semantics, methods of synthesis and historicism in the formulation of the definition of historical accidental font. On the basis of the studied works of A. G. Shitsgal, T. O. Ivanenko, V. I. Lesnyak, the definition of historical accidental font is formulated; on the basis of the works of A. Amishai-Maisels, G. Kazovsky, B. Khaimovich, the prerequisites for the emergence of the Jewish artistic avant-garde and the foundation of the association "Culture League" are determined; works on avant-garde stylistics and semiotics of Jewish art by I. A. Sergeeva, O. A. Lagutenko, E. Frenkel made it possible to carry out a semantic and stylistic analysis of the accidental font in the works of artists of the "Culture League".       The main conclusions of the study are: 1. The historical accidental font is a marker of a certain epoch and ethno-national culture. Its application allows artists to convey at the semiotic level not only the verbal meaning of the text, but also to expand its meaning to a global, socio-cultural level. 2. The Jewish association "Kulturliga" was part of the global artistic avant-garde of the first third of the twentieth century. The main goal and program of the association was the development of Jewish culture using new stylistic methods in the spirit of the times, with the use of avant-garde styles. The accidental Jewish traditional font was a clear indication that the work belonged to the Jewish branch of the artistic avant-garde. A special contribution of the authors is the formulation of the definition of "historical accidental font". For the first time, the authors analyzed the use of accidental font in the works of artists of the "Culture League". Keywords: historical accidental font, "Culture League", avant-garde, cubo-futurism, expressionism, Jewish shtetl.
The main methods of introducing design elements and graphics in video
Authors: Borisov Aleksei Vladimirovich
Published: April 2022

The subject of the study is the process of many aspects of audiovisual creativity that must be taken into account when creating a video. The object of the work is to create a movie trailer through the use of design elements and graphics in the video sequence. The study examines the trailer of a post-apocalyptic fantasy genre called "Genesis", in which the two main characters are depicted as opposites. The work examines and describes in detail all the stages of creating a video trailer for the film, including visual representation (rendering the texture of the central objects, choosing a font to display the title of the film, controlling the movement of actors and moving frames), audio accompaniment of the video sequence (music, voiceover, sound effects). The paper notes that the main goal of all the stages of trailer development considered in the article is to create an audiovisual project of professional quality. The main methods used in the study are visual effects modeling and 3D modeling in Houdini, creating realistic matte paintings in Photoshop and video compositing in Nuke. The main conclusions of the study are those specialized programs that allow you to create a high-quality author's product. This software will become the core of the project, since it is in it that all the elements will be combined into one final clip due to the high-quality integration of various objects of the scene. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that within the framework of the work, the characteristics of the possibilities of working with various video editors and graphic programs were carried out, which together help the creators of movie trailers and other similar products to realize the tasks of entertainment and quality of the projects produced.
In-situ high pressure polarized Raman spectroscopy of rhenium disulfide
Authors: Zhang Mao-Di , Jiao Chen-Yin , Wen Ting , Li Jing , Pei Sheng-Hai , Wang Zeng-Hui , Xia Juan ,   Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
Published: April 2022

Pressure engineering is known as an efficient, continuous and reversible technique capable of tuning material structure, as well as its electrical, optical, and other physical properties. Raman spectroscopy is used to perform efficient and non-destructive analysis of material structure, and is compatible with the application of external tuning fields. In this work, we combine in-situ pressure engineering and polarized Raman spectroscopy to study the pressure-induced evolution of 18 Raman-active modes in ReS2 crystal. We find that the ReS2 undergoes a structural transformation from 1T' to a distorted-1T' phase at 3.04 GPa, followed by an intralayer deformation of Re4 clusters occurring at 14.24 GPa. Interlayer transitions from disordered to ordered stacking in different in-plane directions are observed at 22.08 GPa and 25.76 GPa when the laser is polarized in different directions, which reflects the pressure-enhanced in-plane anisotropy, i.e. the anisotropy of ReS2 crystal becomes more prominent under high pressure. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of pressure in tuning material properties, and shed light on potential applications of ReS2 crystals in anisotropic optical and optoelectronic devices.
Low temperature-promoted surface plasmon resonance effect and ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of creatinine
Authors: Li Gui-Hua , Zhang Meng-Ya , Ma Hui , Tian Yue , Jiao An-Xin , Zheng Lin-Qi , Wang Chang , Chen Ming , Liu Xiang-Dong , Li Shuang , Cui Qing-Qiang , Li Guan-Hua ,   School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China,   School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China,   Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China,   College of Science, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250100, China
Published: April 2022

Creatinine is a key biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring kidney disease, so rapid and sensitive testing is very important. Raman spectroscopy is particularly suitable for quantitatively detecting the creatinine in the human environment because it is sensitive to subtle changes in the concentration of the analyte. In this work an effective strategy is provided to promote the activity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy by enhancing the photon-induced charge transfer efficiency at low temperature. The nano-gold icosahedron (Au20) is obtained by the seed-growing method, which is used as an active substrate for SERS. The ultra-low temperature (98 K) SERS detection technology is used to realize the rapid and sensitive detection of the dye molecule crystal violet (CV) and creatinine in normal saline. The experimental results show that at room temperature of 296 K, the detection limit of Au20 substrate for CV molecules is as low as 10–12 mol/L, and the signals are uniform; at a low temperature of 98 K, the detection limit of CV molecules can reach 10–14 mol/L, which is two orders of magnitude lower than that at 296 K. As a result, the adopted cryogenic temperature can effectively weaken the lattice thermal vibration and reduce the release of phonons, then suppress phonon-assisted non-radiative recombination. So, it will increase the number of photo-induced electrons to participate in the photo-induced charge transfer efficiency. Finally, we perform the label-free detection of creatinine in saline by using an Au20 substrate. The results show that the detection limit of the SERS substrate for creatinine is 10–6 mol/L at 296 K, and the linear correlation coefficient of the 1619 cm–1 peak is 0.9839. At a low temperature of 98 K, the detection limit of creatinine concentration is as low as 10–8 mol/L, and the linear correlation coefficient of the 1619 cm–1 peak becomes 0.9973. It can be seen that low temperature may further improve the detection limit of creatinine concentration and the linearity of characteristic peak. In summary, the current work provides a new idea for accurately detecting the creatinine concentration in the field of biomedicine.
Flexible neuromorphic transistors and their biomimetric sensing application
Authors: Jiang Zi-Han , Ke Shuo , Zhu Ying , Zhu Yi-Xin , Zhu Li , Wan Chang-Jin , Wan Qing ,   School of Electronic Science & Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
Published: April 2022

Biological perception system has the unique advantages of high parallelism, high error tolerance, self-adaptation and low power consumption. Using neuromorphic devices to emulate biological perceptual system can effectively promote the development of brain-computer interfaces, intelligent perception, biological prosthesis and so on. Compared with other neuromorphic devices, multi-terminal neuromorphic transistors can not only realize signal transmission and training learning at the same time, but also carry out nonlinear spatio-temporal integration and collaborative regulation of multi-channel signals. However, the traditional rigid neuromorphic transistor is difficult to achieve bending deformation and close fit with the human body, which limits the application range of neuromorphic devices. Therefore, the research of flexible neuromorphic transistor with good bending characteristics has become the focus of recent research. Firstly, this review introduces the research progress of many kinds of flexible neuromorphic transistors, including device structure, working principle and basic functions. In addition, the application of the flexible neuromorphic transistor in the field of bionic perception is also introduced. Finally, this review also gives a summary and simple prospect of the above research fields.
A high-purity longitudinal needle-shaped magnetization field produced in a uniaxial crystal
Authors: Xu Lin-xi  , Zhu Rong-qi  , Zhu Zhu-qing  , Gong Li-ping  , Gu Bing  ,   1) (Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Physical Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China),   2) (School of Computer and Electronic Information, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China),   3) (School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China),   4) (Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China),   5) (Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China)
Published: April 2022

Based on the Richard-Wolf vector diffraction theory and the inverse Faraday effect, a method for generating high purity longitudinal needle-shaped magnetization fields in uniaxial crystals is proposed for the first time. In this method, the inverse radiation of the electric dipole in the uniaxial crystal is used to construct the optimized entry pupil light field through the multi-parameter regulation of the number of electric dipole pair N and its array, and then the magnetization field of the desired target is obtained by forward tightly focusing. The simulation results show that when N=1, the focal length of the magnetic field generated in the uniaxial crystal increases by 1.4 times and the lateral resolution increases by 5% compared with that in the isotropic medium. It can be further seen that when N=2 and N=3, with the increase of the number of electric dipole pairs, the focal length of the needle magnetic field generated in the uniaxial crystal increases by 10%, and the lateral resolution increases by 18%. The purity of the needle magnetic field gradually increases to 1 as the magnetization field profile surface value changes from 0.1 to 1. Especially when N=2 and the contour surface value is 0.1, the magnetic field purity is as high as 0.95. The results provide a feasible scheme for generating the longitudinal magnetization fields with higher purity and longer focal length in anisotropic media, and also provide theoretical guidance for selecting optimized pupil beams in practical applications such as all-optical magnetic recording, atom capture and lithography.
Study of transition metal dichalcogenides/chromium trihalides van der Waals heterostructure by band unfolding method
Authors: Deng Lin-Mei , Si Jun-Shan , Wu Xu-Cai , Zhang Wei-Bing ,   Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering, School of Physics and Electronic Sciences, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
Published: April 2022

The transition metal dichalcogenides MX2/Chromium Trihalides CrX3 van der Waals heterostructures can control the valley polarization of of MX2 effectively, which makes them possess promising potential applications in valleytronics. In the present work, the stacking order and electronic structure of MoSe2/CrI3, MoSe2/CrBr3 and WS2/CrBr3 are investigated based on the first-principle calculation and k-projection band unfolding method. The underlying mechanism of valley splitting is also explored. The stacking energy surfaces are calculated and the stable stacking configurations are determined. The effects of the breaking of time-symmetry and spatial-symmetry on electronic structure are also revealed. Because of the orbital hybridization, the conduction band of heterostructure becomes complicated and the valence band maximum changes drastically. It is thus difficult to compare the electronic structure of vdW heterostructure with that of free-standing MX2 directly. Through the unfolding energy band, the electronic structure change of MX2 induced by CrX3 is revealed clearly, and the valley splitting of MX2 is obtained quantitatively. Moreover, the interlayer distance and strain are found to be able to tune the valley splitting effectively. When the interlayer distance reduces to 2.6 Å, the valley splitting of MoSe2/CrI3 is enhanced to 10.713 meV with the increase of AB stacking, which is 8.8 times as large as the value of equilibrium structure. This work breaks through the limit of the complex electronic structure in supercell, providing an important reference for studying other magnetic vdW heterostructure.
False memories when viewing overlapping scenes
Authors: Děchtěrenko Filip , Lukavský Jiří
Published: April 2022

Humans can memorize and later recognize many objects and complex scenes. In this study, we prepared large photographs and presented participants with only partial views to test the fidelity of their memories. The unpresented parts of the photographs were used as a source of distractors with similar semantic and perceptual information. Additionally, we presented overlapping views to determine whether the second presentation provided a memory advantage for later recognition tests. Experiment 1 (N = 28) showed that while people were good at recognizing presented content and identifying new foils, they showed a remarkable level of uncertainty about foils selected from the unseen parts of presented photographs (false alarm, 59%). The recognition accuracy was higher for the parts that were shown twice, irrespective of whether the same identical photograph was viewed twice or whether two photographs with overlapping content were observed. In Experiment 2 (N = 28), the memorability of the large image was estimated by a pre-trained deep neural network. Neither the recognition accuracy for an image part nor the tendency for false alarms correlated with the memorability. Finally, in Experiment 3 (N = 21), we repeated the experiment while measuring eye movements. Fixations were biased toward the center of the original large photograph in the first presentation, and this bias was repeated during the second presentation in both identical and overlapping views. Altogether, our experiments show that people recognize parts of remembered photographs, but they find it difficult to reject foils from unseen parts, suggesting that their memory representation is not sufficiently detailed to rule them out as distractors.
A Study on Working Pattern and Performance of Farmer Producer Organisations in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Vedasri R. , Mishra R. K. , Mishra S. N.
Published: April 2022

Background: The study aimed at determining the impact of socio economic characteristics of member farmers on the performance of Farmer Producer Organisations in Andhra Pradesh and to know the extent of services provided by the FPOs to the members. It is typically a society or company consisting of practicing farmers who are also actual producers of a specified commodity or commodities, and is formed under mutually aided co-operative societies (MACS) Act 1995 or as farmer producer companies act (FPC) 2013. Small Farmers’ Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC) is providing support for promotion of FPOs.

 Methods: A total of 120 farmers selected from six FPOs spread across three regions of Andhra Pradesh constituted the sample size. Multiple regression analysis was employed to study the impact of socio economic traits for the progressive development and expansion of FPOs.

Results: The working pattern of FPOs showed that the group membership was increasing year by year and the procurement of produce was also increasing year by year their by increasing in the turnover of the FPOs. The results showed that education, experience and annual income were determinant factors that influenced the performance of FPOs.
Measurement and Performance Analysis of Signal-to-interference Ratio in Wireless Networks
Authors: Jeremiah Ekah Ukoette , Iloke Joel , Obi Emmanuel , Ewona Igwe
Published: April 2022

To evaluate the reliability and quality of signal of UMTS radio access technology of three cellular networks (MTN, 9mobile and Airtel network) over two cities in Nigeria, an intensive drive test measurement was conducted, taking into consideration, signal-to-interference ratio (Ec/Io) as the key performance indicator under study. A total of 10958, 11075 and 11109 Ec/Io measurements were obtained for MTN, 9mobile and Airtel network. These measured data were subjected to statistical analysis in the form of bar charts, quality plots and calculations of measures of central tendency and dispersion. Result shows that 59.64%, 50.45% and 17.02% of the drive test route for Airtel, 9mobile and MTN network had good signal quality and met with the Nigerian telecommunication regulatory benchmark of at least -9dB for Ec/Io. Also, 40.36%, 49.55% and 82.98% of the drive test area for Airtel, 9mobile and MTN network fell below the regulatory benchmark and subscribers in this region experienced dropped calls, blocked calls, handover failures and degraded signal quality due to interference. Airtel network was adjudged the best network while the worst network was MTN network. The result provided by this article will help radio network engineers operating in Calabar South and Calabar Municipality, to efficiently reuse limited frequencies, avoid interferences, optimize handover and adjust transmitted power level. The mobile network operators are advised to build new base stations and visit the existing ones regularly for optimization.
Rogue Waves of the Lakshmanan Porsezian Daniel Equation Depending on Multi-parameters
Authors: Gaillard Pierre
Published: April 2022

Quasi-rational solutions to the Lakshmanan Porsezian Daniel equation are presented. We construct explicit expressions of these solutions for the first orders depending on real parameters. We study the patterns of these configurations in the (x, t) plane in function of the different parameters. We observe in the case of order 2, three rogue waves which move according to the two parameters. In the case of order 3, six rogue waves are observed with specific configurations moving according to the four parameters.
Impact of Assessment as Learning on Attitudes towards Mathematics of Senior High School Students in Ahanta West and Mpohor Districts
Authors: Gyamfi Abraham , Yeboah Abraham , Erzoah Kingsley K. , Lange Patience
Published: April 2022

Students’ attitude towards learning of mathematics has been of interest to both mathematics educators and other stakeholders. This is because students’ achievement and attitude have been described to like the siemese twin; almost impossible to separate. The concerns have been on how to improve students’ attitude towards mathematics. The study examined the impact of assessment as learning on attitudes on mathematics among Senior High School students in Ahanta West and Mpohor Districts. Quasi-experimental pre-test/ post-test control group design was adopted for the study. Multi-stage sampling techniques were applied to generate a sample of 81 participants comprising 32 in the experimental group and 49 in the control group. A questionnaire was mainly used for the data collection. A questionnaire on attitudes was administered students to determine classes with no significant difference in attitudes towards Mathematics. Then a training package with assessment as learning and a similar package with the traditional assessment methods were administered to the Experimental group and control group respectively. Finally, post intervention questionnaire on attitudes were administered to both groups. The results revealed SHS students in the experimental group have positive attitudes towards mathematics than those in the control group. Also gender has no significant effect on attitude towards mathematics in the face of assessment as learning.
Angle Dependence of Solar Power Capacity: The Case of Setit Humera
Authors: Assefa Mulat Simenew , Abreha Merhawi
Published: April 2022

The solar power capacity depends on orientation angle of the solar panel. This study evaluates the angle dependence of solar power capacity for a summer season in 2017. Using three solar panels, with 10 Watt capacity each placed on a metallic frame to facilitate changing tilt and azimuth angles independently. Experiments were done for the first six days of three months, and the first three days of each month were used to measure voltages for different tilt angles by changing from 0° to 26° in steps of 2o. The remaining three days of a week of every month, the middle solar panel was fixed at a tilt angle that yielded maximum power while the two panels were moved with azimuth angles from 0o to 270 in steps of 3o to clockwise and counterclockwise with respect to the middle solar panel. A digital multimeter was used to record the circuit voltage of the solar panels with 10 ohms resistor serving as a load. Data gathering was done every ten minutes, during the daytime from 9:30 am to 16:30 pm. The study has shown that the maximum power output was obtained at the tilt angle of 4o in June and July, 2o in August and a season tilt was found at 4o. Maximum solar power outputs were obtained when solar panels facing east and west were oriented between 0o and 3o. This recommends that the maximum solar power production depends on the tilt angle of 4o and clockwise and counterclockwise of 3o orientation for this geographical location.
Household Waste Based Vermicompost and Fertilizer Effect on Yield and Attributes of Pot Culture Rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Chiranjeeb Kumar , Prasad S. S. , . Rajani , Singh S. P. , Bharati Vikram , . Anshu
Published: April 2022

Organic matter content in soil improves the soil health with supporting large microbial population and stabilizing soil health deterioration. The soil physical, chemical parameters improve according to the significant application of organic matter in soil. Integrated application of organic and inorganic sources and analysis of these components in response to its effect on rice growth and yield attributes at different stages is of major concerned study. Application of four levels of vermicompost (0 t ha-1, 1.25 t ha-1, 2.5 t ha-1, 3.7 t ha-1) and three levels of fertilizer (0%, 100%, 50% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer) were taken in a pot culture experiment and total of 36 pots i.e. twelve treatments replicate thrice for analyzing its effects on growth and yield attributes of rice crop (Variety-Rajendra Bhagawati) with using factorial Completely Randomized Design statistical method for data analysis and validation. Application of higher doses of vermicompost 3.7 t ha-1 and higher dose of fertilizer i.e. 100% RDF content in combination produced elevated grain and straw yield and also boosted growth attributes (Panicle length, test weight, number of tillers, grains per panicle), root volume as well as chlorophyll content from initial growth up to the harvesting time over the control due to buildup of organic matter and nutrient mobilization in soil.
A Review on Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Jing Yao , Weiyv . , Yong Jiao Fu
Published: April 2022

Kawasaki disease is an acute, self-limited vasculitis of unknown etiology, which mainly occurs in infants and children. The target organs of Kawasaki disease are coronary arteries and other cardiovascular structures. The initial manifestations of Kawasaki disease are high fever, inflammation of skin and mucosa, and enlargement of cervical lymph nodes. About 25% of children who are not treated with intravenous immunoglobulin during the acute phase of the disease will develop coronary artery aneurysms. Nowadays, Kawasaki disease has replaced rheumatic fever as the main cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed countries. However, there is still no specific diagnostic test, echocardiography is still the main diagnostic method of coronary artery involvement in children with Kawasaki disease, and risk stratification assessment is carried out according to Z value to assist in the short-term and long-term diagnosis and treatment of Kawasaki disease. In the aspect of treatment, there are reports on the application of corticosteroids, infliximab, cyclosporine, methotrexate, interleukin receptor blockers and so on.

This article makes a detailed elaboration on the epidemiology, pathology, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of Kawasaki disease, so as to improve clinicians' understanding of Kawasaki disease and reduce misdiagnosis possible.
Study of Cranial Capacity among Igbo Adolescents in Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Uzo Victory Ezeokoli , Ukoha Ukoha
Published: April 2022

This work was aimed at comparing cranial capacity and multiple intelligence in Anambra adolescents. Three hundred and eighty three subjects were enlisted in the study, comprising 228 females (59.5%), and 155 males (40.5%), with an age range of 10-19 years. Each subject filled the Russell Rowe Model (2015) of Multiple Intelligence Test for adolescents which examined them on eight different forms of Multiple Intelligence: Verbal/Linguistic, Logical/Mathematical, Bodily/Kinesthetic, Musical/Rhythmic, Visual/Spatial, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal and Naturalist intelligences. Their craniofacial parameters of head length, head with and cranial olume were measured clinically. The Cranial capacity were calculated and documented. Analysis was by SPSS version 20.0. Statistical significance was considered at p≤0.05. Verbal and intrapersonal intelligence had the highest percentage of study subjects possessing them (82.69%) and this was seen among the older adolescent age group (17-19 years), while the intelligence with the least number of individuals exhibiting them was the music/rhythmic intelligence (53.85%) also seen among the older adolescent age group of the study subjects. Cranial capacity was found to correlate positively with verbal/linguistic, logical/mathematical, interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence, but not with musical/rhythmic, visual spatial, bodily kinesthetic and naturalistic intelligence. The prediction analysis showed an equal probability of possessing or not possessing any of the multiple intelligences (odd ratio = 1), even as the cranial capacity increased. This means that an adolescent’s multiple intelligence may not be extrapolated by merely measuring his/her cranial capacity.
EFL Instructors’ and Students’ Perception and Practice towards Action Research
Authors: Shiferaw Adula Habtamu
Published: April 2022

Aims: To explore EFL instructors’ and students’ perception and practice towards action research in College of Teachers Education.

Study Design: Qualitative data gathered through the general open-ended questionnaire used thematically organized, transcribed and analyzed in this study.

Place and Duration of Study: Perception and practice towards action research were obtained from College of Teachers Education, Ethiopia, at Oromia region.

Methodology: To achieve this objective, semi-structured interview (filled out by five EFL instructors, 10 third year English Language students, research and publication committee members, Dean Interview and Focus Group Discussion) was used in this study.

Results: The results indicate that most of the respondents show good perception concerning the significance of action research in improving their teaching practice, solving students’ academic and non-academic problems, developing team spirit and mutual support among teacher educators, creating opportunities to increase their academic writing skills, and developing personal professional perception respectively. The practices of action research in the college were ineffective. There were perceived challenges like shortage of resources for support, budget and material, low top management attention, instructors’ dual role as teachers and researchers, initiation and recognition by trainers themselves.

Conclusion: Students were not satisfied by research advisors’ provision of professional assistance in action research on practicum courses and carried out action research in a similar fashion (i.e., plagiarism), English Language instructors’ provisions of advice to students in action research on practicum course were found to be low. Instructors were found have not conceptual problem about action research both the theoretical and practical aspects, other than they lacked commitment, encouragement and diligence were attributed to lack of proper incentives and other essential facilities.
Development and Validation of an HPLC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of Remdesivir in Rat Plasma
Authors: Rao Naidu Srinivasa , Adimulapu Anilkumar , Babu B. Nagendra , Rambabu G.
Published: April 2022

Background: Remdesivir is an excellent drug for the medication of covid-19.So; it is an interesting method to develop a novel and reliable HPLC-MS strategy for establishment of  Remdesivir.

Objective: To develop a new rapid and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for the estimation of Remdesivirin rat plasma using D4- Remdesivir.

Methods: Separation was carried on Inertsil ODS column (150x4.6mm, 3.5µm) using a isocratic elution  with  a buffer containing 1ml of tri ethyl amine in 1Litre of water and the mixture of two components like Buffer and Acetonitrile in the ratio of 50:50 as mobile phase with 1ml/min flow rate at ambient temperature.

Results: Analysis was performed within 10 minutes over a good linear concentration range from 1ng/ml to 20ng/ml(r2 = 0.999) for Remdesivir .Precision and recovery study results were within the acceptable limit. Anelectro spray ionization source was used to study Remdesivir. This method has been successfully applied; exploring Remdesivir with its internal standard (D4- Remdesivir) was extracted from rat plasma using liquid-liquid extraction.

Conclusion: This paper focuses on the consistent evaluation of key bio-analytical validation parameters, including accuracy, precision, sensitivity, selectivity, and standard curve, quantification limits, range, recovery, and stability. In the case of chromatographic methods used in bio analysis, these validation parameters are defined, along with examples of validation methodology.
Technological Characteristics of Wild Non-Saccharomyces Sourced from Banana Fruit and Honey
Authors: Nnodim L. C. , Odu N. N. , Ogbonna D. N. , Kiin-Kabari D. B.
Published: April 2022

This study is aimed at evaluating the technological characteristics of wild non-Saccharomyces sourced from banana fruit and wild honey. The isolation of yeasts was done according to standard microbiological procedures. Technological traits screened for are as follows: fermentation ability, alcohol production, flocculation ability, organic acid production, and hydrogen sulphide production. Five yeast isolates were identified as B10 (Candida tropicalis), B7 (Candida tropicalis), H4 (Candida tropicalis), H7 (Clavisporalusitaniae), and CY (Candida tropicalis), which are sugar fermenters. The percentage of alcohol produced from each sugar fermented by the yeast isolates are as follows: sucrose - B7(11.50%) > H7(8.62%) > CY (7.80%) > H4(4.88%) > B10 (4.11%); Glucose - B7(9.82%) > CY (6.28%) > B10(4.56%) > H7(4.03%) > H4(2.19%) and Fructose - H7(13.11%) > CY (9.40%) > B10(7.03%) > H4(4.41%) > B7(3.70%). Yeast isolate CY demonstrated high flocculation of 28.55 and 44.75 (%) at 5 and 15 (minutes). The organic acid produced by the yeast isolates B10, B7, CY, H4 and H7 are as follows 1.90±0.41, 3.10±0.41, 1.25±0.07, 3.90±0.41 and 2.40±0.41 (AU) respectively and Yeast isolates B7, CY, H4, and H7 produced low hydrogen sulphite concentration. Wild non-Saccharomyces could be the hope of the wine microbiologist to ease the challenges in the wine industry, as they competed flavourably with the commercial wine yeast.
Extraction of Nano Metal from Natural Compound
Authors: Jabbar Bohan Azhar , Khalaf Salman Ghaed , M. Taki Malaa
Published: April 2022

In this study, we used green synthesis method in prepared Nano particles. (AgNps) were prepared by the use of plant extract under standard laboratory conditions in clean room in Nano technology and advance materials research centre (NAMRC) /university of technology /Iraq as initial precursor’s silver nitrate with Orange and banana fruit waste (peel). The experimental laboratory used for characterization of Ag Nano particles were XRD, UV-visible and FTIR. Silver Nano particles were tested against several types of bacteria and gave best results versus gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial.
MED12‐related Hardikar syndrome: Two additional cases and novel phenotypic features
Authors: Pillai Nishitha R. , Miller Dana , Bronken Grace , Salunke Amrita Kahlon , Aggarwal Anjali
Published: April 2022

Hardikar syndrome (HS) is a MED12‐related ultra‐rare multiple congenital malformation syndrome known to affect the gastrointestinal, cardiac, and genitourinary systems among other features including cleft lip/palate and pigmentary retinopathy. Only 10 patients affected with HS have been previously described in literature, of which seven were molecularly confirmed. We report a 20‐year‐old and a 13‐month‐old patient with HS diagnosed by exome sequencing bringing the total number of clinically diagnosed cases to 12 and MED12 associated to 9. We describe previously unreported molecular and clinical findings associated with HS and review all reported cases to permit prompt diagnosis, appropriate management, and genetic counseling of HS patients.
Investigation of the Molecular Landscape of Bacterial Aromatic Polyketides by Global Analysis of Type II Polyketide Synthases
Authors: Chen Shanchong , Zhang Chi , Zhang Lihan
Published: April 2022

Aromatic polyketides biosynthesized by microorganisms are a prominent class of natural products widely used in clinical treatments. Although genome mining approaches have accelerated the discovery of these molecules, the molecular diversity, abundance, and distribution of bacterial aromatic polyketides at a global scale remain elusive. Here, we provide a global atlas of bacterial aromatic polyketides based on large‐scale analysis of type II polyketide synthases. We first established the chain length factor protein as a marker that can predict both chemical class and molecular uniqueness of the biosynthetic product, and analyzed the abundance, taxonomic distribution, estimated structural diversity, and the total number of aromatic polyketides in bacteria. We further show the identification of oryzanaphthopyrans with an unprecedented angular naphthopyran scaffold from a rare actinobacterium by genome mining guided by the global atlas. These results serve as a compass for exploiting the entire type II polyketide synthase‐derived aromatic polyketides in bacteria.
Optimizing nanoencapsulation of Heracleum lasiopetalum by response surface methodology
Authors: Yazdan‐Bakhsh Mahsa , Nasr‐Esfahani Mojtaba , Esmaeilzadeh Kenari Reza , Fazel‐Najafabadi Mohammad
Published: April 2022

This study was carried out to optimize formulation for Heracleum lasiopetalum (golpar) extract nanoencapsulation by response surface methodology (RSM). The primary water‐in‐oil emulsion was fabricated by (5%–10%) golpar extract (GE), (40%–35%) emulsifier span 80 (EM), and (50%–60%) sunflower oil (SO). The coating materials were the mixture of Lepidium sativum seed gum (LSG) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) at different ratios (1:0, 1:1, and 0:1). The yield of nanoencapsulation of GE, particle size, and zeta potential was investigated as responses of RSM. The optimal formulation for water‐in‐oil‐in‐water emulsion of GE were SO: 50.46%, GE 9.52%, and EM: 36.30% in LSG, SO: 57.07%, GE: 7.12%, and EM: 30.85% in LSG:WPC, and SO: 54.98%, GE: 9.05%, and EM: 39.87% in WPC coating. In conclusion, the nanoencapsulation of GE prepared with the optimized formulation by RSM ensures the gradual release and higher stability to sedimentation during storage with nanometric size and high yield of encapsulation. The nanocapsules of GE can be used as a natural antioxidant in food systems.
Chondroprotection of fruit peels in a monosodium iodoacetate‐induced osteoarthritis rat model via downregulation of Col1A1
Authors: Aborehab Nora M. , El Bishbishy Mahitab H.
Published: April 2022

The potential of the fruit peels of mango, orange, cantaloupe, and pomegranate in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) was evaluated in a rat model. Their metabolic profiles were characterized using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)–electrospray ionization‐mass spectroscopy and 66 albino rats were intra‐articularly injected with monosodium iodoacetate in the knee joints. The extracts were orally administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg for 28 days. Serum levels of IL‐6 and tissue levels of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma (PPARγ), and alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) were measured using ELISA. COL1A1 expression was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Histopathological changes in the joints were examined. In the extracts, 85 metabolites were annotated, and the levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, COX‐2, α‐SMA, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide were significantly reduced, while PPARγ and glutathione levels were significantly raised in all treated groups compared to the OA group. All extracts downregulated the cartilage mRNA expressions for COL1A1 dose‐dependently. Mango peel extract exhibited the best chondroprotective effect. The in silico study showed the link between mango extract metabolites and COX‐2.
Vocal markers of autism: Assessing the generalizability of machine learning models
Authors: Rybner Astrid , Jessen Emil Trenckner , Mortensen Marie Damsgaard , Larsen Stine Nyhus , Grossman Ruth , Bilenberg Niels , Cantio Cathriona , Jepsen Jens Richardt Møllegaard , Weed Ethan , Simonsen Arndis , Fusaroli Riccardo
Published: April 2022

Machine learning (ML) approaches show increasing promise in their ability to identify vocal markers of autism. Nonetheless, it is unclear to what extent such markers generalize to new speech samples collected, for example, using a different speech task or in a different language. In this paper, we systematically assess the generalizability of ML findings across a variety of contexts. We train promising published ML models of vocal markers of autism on novel cross‐linguistic datasets following a rigorous pipeline to minimize overfitting, including cross‐validated training and ensemble models. We test the generalizability of the models by testing them on (i) different participants from the same study, performing the same task; (ii) the same participants, performing a different (but similar) task; (iii) a different study with participants speaking a different language, performing the same type of task. While model performance is similar to previously published findings when trained and tested on data from the same study (out‐of‐sample performance), there is considerable variance between studies. Crucially, the models do not generalize well to different, though similar, tasks and not at all to new languages. The ML pipeline is openly shared. Generalizability of ML models of vocal markers of autism is an issue. We outline three recommendations for strategies researchers could take to be more explicit about generalizability and improve it in future studies.

Lay Summary

Machine learning approaches promise to be able to identify autism from voice only. These models underestimate how diverse the contexts in which we speak are, how diverse the languages used are and how diverse autistic voices are. Machine learning approaches need to be more careful in defining their limits and generalizability.
Topography of the orbital part of the lacrimal gland for treating epiphora using botulinum toxin injection
Authors: Shin Hyun Jin , You Jung‐Won , Koh Ki‐Seok , Song Wu‐Chul
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to identify the location of the orbital part of the lacrimal gland using external landmarks to facilitate effective botulinum toxin A (BTX‐A) injections for epiphora treatment. Dissections were performed on 45 hemifaces from 27 cadavers. The length, anterior protrusion, and thickness of the orbital part of the lacrimal gland were measured directly. The midpoint of the line running horizontal through the medial and lateral canthus was used as the horizontal reference point. Vertical lines perpendicular to the midpoint of the horizontal reference line were the vertical reference lines. The angles from the horizontal reference line to the lacrimal gland center and to the frontal tubercle were also measured. The length and thickness of the lacrimal gland were 12.8 and 2.4 mm, respectively. The lacrimal gland had an anterior protrusion of 4.1 mm from the superolateral orbital margin. The superior and inferior margins of the lacrimal gland were located 35.7° and 15.8° from the two reference lines, respectively. The angle from the horizontal reference line to the lacrimal gland center was 35.1°, which was similar to that to the frontal tubercle (34.4°). The orbital part of the lacrimal gland was more inferior in elderly subjects and the angle between the horizontal reference line and its center was 35.1°, which was similar to the location of the frontal tubercle. The location of this tubercle can help clinicians to perform BTX‐A injections into the lacrimal gland, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of epiphora treatment.
Crucial Role of the Chaperonin GroES/EL for Heterologous Production of the Soluble Methane Monooxygenase from Methylomonas methanica MC09
Authors: Zill Domenic , Lettau Elisabeth , Lorent Christian , Seifert Franziska , Singh Praveen K. , Lauterbach Lars
Published: April 2022

Methane is a widespread energy source and can serve as an attractive C1 building block for a future bioeconomy. The soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) is able to break the strong C−H bond of methane and convert it to methanol. The high structural complexity, multiplex cofactors, and unfamiliar folding or maturation procedures of sMMO have hampered the heterologous production and thus biotechnological applications. Here, we demonstrate the heterologous production of active sMMO from the marine Methylomonas methanica MC09 in Escherichia coli by co‐synthesizing the GroES/EL chaperonin. Iron determination, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and native gel immunoblots revealed the incorporation of the non‐heme diiron centre and homodimer formation of active sMMO. The production of recombinant sMMO will enable the expansion of the possibilities of detailed studies, allowing for a variety of novel biotechnological applications.
3D‐Printed Structured Reactor with Integrated Single‐Atom Catalyst Film for Hydrogenation
Authors: Vilé Gianvito , Ng Derrick , Xie Zongli , Martinez‐Botella Ivan , Tsanaktsidis John , Hornung Christian H.
Published: April 2022

Structured catalytic reactors are gaining considerable attention for integrated chemical synthesis because they offer enhanced mass transfer and easy catalyst recovery. In this paper, a new, cost‐effective design strategy that combines 3D printing and single‐atom catalysis is presented, enabling the construction of an integrated mixer‐based reactor insert, coated with a thin single‐atom catalytic layer. The material has been characterized from the nano to the macro scale to unlock structure‐property relationships. The performance of the catalyst structure was evaluated via hydrogenation of two model compounds used in the flavorings and fragrances industry. The structured catalytic reactor was active, selective, and reusable several times without apparent drop in performance. This immobilized catalyst system removes the need for catalyst separation post‐reaction, and enables modern synthesis options catalyzed over atomically‐precise nanomaterials.
Constructing Multiple Heterostructures on Nickel Oxide Using Rare‐earth Oxide and Nickel as Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Sha Wenbo , Song Yanhui , Liu Peizhi , Wang Jingkun , Xu Bingshe , Feng Xinliang , Guo Junjie
Published: April 2022

Constructing heterostructured electrocatalyst is a promising strategy to explore inexpensive and effective catalysts towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the overall water splitting (OWS). Here, amorphous NiO 2D layers decorated with Ni and rare earth oxide (REOx) nanoparticles, which possess multiple heterostructures (Ni−NiO and REOx‐NiO), have been synthesized by the sequential electrodeposition on carbon cloth. The electrocatalytic performances for the prepared Er2O3/Ni−NiO and CeO2/Ni−NiO have been evaluated, exhibiting improved HER (39 mV@10 mA cm−2) and OER (318 mV@50 mA cm−2) activities in contrast to the single component, respectively. Additionally, the two‐electrode system (Er2O3/Ni−NiO//CeO2/Ni−NiO) presents an excellent OWS property which displays a low potential of 1.58 V to reach 10 mA cm−2. This work helps to deepen the understanding of the synergetic interaction between dissimilar materials in heterostructured catalyst, and provides guidance for the further exploration and evolution of nanomaterials in green energy conversion technology.