bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NAD+ modulation with nicotinamide mononucleotide coated 3D printed microneedle implants
Authors: Ali Masood , Huang Wenhao , Huang Yicheng , Wu Xiaoxin , Namjoshi Sarika , Prasadam Indira , Benson Heather A. E. , Kumeria Tushar , Mohammad Yousuf
Published: February 2025

Aging reduces NAD+ levels, affecting metabolism. Traditional studies are destructive, limiting tracking. We present a non-invasive optical method with NMN-coated microneedles and multiphoton microscopy to monitor NAD+ shifts in real-time, validated in keratinocytes and mouse skin.
Synthetic organic polysulfanes as H2S donors and anticancer agents
Authors: Sufian Abu , Bhattacherjee Debojit , Barman Pallavi , Kesarwani Rahul , Das Samanaway , Bhabak Krishna P.
Published: February 2025

The present review primarily focuses on highlighting recent developments in the synthesis of H2S-donating organic polysulfanes and their potential pharmacological implications for cancer.
Enhanced VOC recycling by nano-Fe/FeOx decorated nanoporous carbon
Authors: Zhang Weiping , Xiao Xiong , Wang Xiaoqin , Liu Hongli , Zeng Xingye , An Taicheng
Published: February 2025

A multifunctional adsorbent with diversified channels and abundant thermal effect sites provides efficient adsorption–desorption diffusion for VOC recycling, which plays a significant role in mitigating VOC emissions and reducing health risks.
Defect-engineered metal–organic frameworks for volumetrically and kinetically co-enhanced atmospheric water harvesting
Authors: Fu Qingling , Liu Dong , Yang Jianwei , Jin Yehao , Sun Zhibing , Liu Chunyu , Sun Yuze , Sun Chao , Wang Qianyou , Ma Qinglang
Published: February 2025

A green and facile defect engineering strategy is developed to simultaneously enhance the water adsorption capacity and kinetics of an industrially viable aluminum fumarate MOF, promoting its application in atmospheric water harvesting.
Output power density enhancement of an intermittently contacted metal–semiconductor junction with a water interlayer
Authors: Fan Xinru , Zhang Shuo , Chen Qihan , Li Min , Lu Haifei , Deng Shuo , Zhang Qing
Published: February 2025

The output power density of an intermittently contacted gold–silicon (Au–Si) junction can be increased by about 3 orders of magnitude after introduction of a water (H2O) interlayer between the Au and Si friction layers.
Adaptive learning anomaly detection and classification model for cyber and physical threats in industrial control systems
Authors: Ahmadi‐Assalemi Gabriela , Al‐Khateeb Haider , Benson Vladlena , Adamyk Bogdan , Ammi Meryem
Published: February 2025

A surge of digital technologies adopted into Industrial Control Systems (ICS) exposes critical infrastructures to increasingly hostile and well‐organised cybercrime. The increased need for flexibility and convenient administration expands the attack surface. Likewise, an insider with authorised access reveals a difficult‐to‐detect attack vector. Because of the range of critical services that ICS provide, disruptions to operations could have devastating consequences making ICS an attractive target for sophisticated threat actors. Hence, the authors introduce a novel anomalous behaviour detection model for ICS data streams from physical plant sensors. A model for one‐class classification is developed, using stream rebalancing followed by adaptive machine learning algorithms coupled with drift detection methods to detect anomalies from physical plant sensor data. The authors’ approach is shown on ICS datasets. Additionally, a use case illustrates the model's applicability to post‐incident investigations as part of a defence‐in‐depth capability in ICS. The experimental results show that the proposed model achieves an overall Matthews Correlation Coefficient score of 0.999 and Cohen's Kappa score of 0.9986 on limited variable single‐type anomalous behaviour per data stream. The results on wide data streams achieve an MCC score of 0.981 and a K score of 0.9808 in the prevalence of multiple types of anomalous instances.
Advancements in smart agriculture: A systematic literature review on state‐of‐the‐art plant disease detection with computer vision
Authors: Yilmaz Esra , Bocekci Sevim Ceylan , Safak Cengiz , Yildiz Kazim
Published: February 2025

In an era of rapid digital transformation, ensuring sustainable and traceable food production is more crucial than ever. Plant diseases, a major threat to agriculture, lead to significant losses in crops and financial damage. Standard techniques for detecting diseases, though widespread, are lengthy and intensive work, especially in extensive agricultural settings. This systematic literature review examines the cutting‐edge technologies in smart agriculture specifically computer vision, robotics, deep learning (DL), and Internet of Things (IoT) that are reshaping plant disease detection and management. By analysing 198 studies published between 2021 and 2023, from an initial pool of 19,838 papers, the authors reveal the dominance of DL, particularly with datasets such as PlantVillage, and highlight critical challenges, including dataset limitations, lack of geographical diversity, and the scarcity of real‐world field data. Moreover, the authors explore the promising role of IoT, robotics, and drones in enhancing early disease detection, although the high costs and technological gaps present significant barriers for small‐scale farmers, especially in developing countries. Through the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses methodology, this review synthesises these findings, identifying key trends, uncovering research gaps, and offering actionable insights for the future of plant disease management in smart agriculture.
Multi‐cropping contrastive learning and domain consistency for unsupervised image‐to‐image translation
Authors: Zhao Chen , Cai Wei‐Ling , Yuan Zheng , Hu Cheng‐Wei
Published: February 2025

Recently, unsupervised image‐to‐image (i2i) translation methods based on contrastive learning have achieved state‐of‐the‐art results. However, in previous works, the negatives are sampled from the input image itself, which inspires us to design a data augmentation method to improve the quality of the selected negatives. Moreover, the previous methods only preserve the content consistency via patch‐wise contrastive learning, which ignores the domain consistency between the generated images and the real images of the target domain. This paper proposes a novel unsupervised i2i translation framework based on multi‐cropping contrastive learning and domain consistency, called MCDUT. Specifically, the multi‐cropping views are obtained with the aim of further generating high‐quality negative examples. To constrain the embeddings in the deep feature space, a new domain consistency loss is formulated, which encourages the generated images to be close to the real images. In many i2i translation tasks, this method achieves state‐of‐the‐art results, and the advantages of this method have been proven through extensive comparison experiments and ablation research. The code of MCDUT is available at https://github.com/zhihefang/MCDUT.
OMA‐SSR: Optical‐guided multi‐kernel attention based SAR image super‐resolution reconstruction network
Authors: Li Yanshan , Xu Fan
Published: February 2025

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been widely studied and applied in many fields. Although image super‐resolution technology has been successfully applied to SAR imaging in recent years, there is less research on large‐scale factor SAR image super‐resolution methods. A more effective method is to obtain comprehensive information to guide the reconstruction of SAR images. In fact, the co‐registered characteristics of high‐resolution optical images have been successfully applied to improve the quality of SAR images. Inspired by this, an optical‐guided multi‐kernel attention based SAR image super‐resolution reconstruction network (OMA‐SSR) is proposed. The proposed multi‐modal mutual attention (MMA) module in this network can effectively establish the dependency between SAR image features and optical image features. This network also designs a deep feature extraction module for SAR images, which includes a channel‐splitted multi‐kernel attention (CSMA) module and residual connections. CSMA module splits SAR image channels, extracts features in different ranges through multi‐kernel convolution, and finally fuses the extracted features between different channels. Experimental results on the Sen1‐2 and QXS datasets show that the proposed OMA‐SSR performs well in evaluation indicators and visual effects of SAR image super‐resolution reconstruction.
Design and Experimental Validation of a Composite FRL‐NFTISMC and BSC for DC‐Bus Voltage Stabilization in CPL‐Based DC Microgrids
Authors: Palash Darul Atfal , Roy Tushar Kanti , Alam Zubaer , Oo Amanullah Maung Than
Published: February 2025

Transportation electrification relies heavily on DC distribution networks powered by power electronics and the integration of various power electronic loads. These tightly regulated loads, known as constant power loads (CPLs), can destabilize the system when operating alongside source converters. This paper presents a novel hybrid controller to stabilize the DC bus voltage in the presence of CPLs in a DC‐DC boost converter (DDBC) within DC microgrids. To achieve this, the DDBC's dynamic model is first transformed into Brunovsky's canonical form through feedback linearization, resolving the non‐minimum phase issue and making the model more suitable for designing the proposed controller. Next, a robust control input is developed to ensure the convergence of all relevant states to their desired values while effectively managing disturbances and handling significant fluctuations in input voltage and load. The proposed controller combines a modified fast‐reaching law‐based nonsingular fast terminal integral sliding mode controller (FRL‐NFTISMC) with a backstepping controller (BSC) to address the negative incremental impedance behavior of CPLs, a common cause of grid instability. Furthermore, the composite controller guarantees large‐signal stability, verified through the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, numerical simulations in MATLAB 2022b/Simulink demonstrate the controller's robustness under various conditions, outperforming existing nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode controller, conventional sliding mode controller, and proportional‐integral (PI) controllers. Experimental results from an in‐house hardware platform support the simulation findings and theoretical design, highlighting the controller's superior response speed and system resilience across different operating modes.
Research on Noise Control Optimization of Mechanical Cooling Tower in Gas Turbine Power Plant Based on Sound Source Monitoring and Noise Simulation
Authors: Zeng Chunhua , Chen Zhigang , He Shuzhong
Published: February 2025

Because of the limitation of location and area, the noise problem of gas turbine power plant is gradually getting attention. The mechanical cooling tower has large volume, high noise value, so the cost of treatment is high. Based on the measured noise spectrum, this paper gives the main points of noise control measures for mechanical cooling tower. Based on the actual project, this paper compares the scheme and cost for configuration of mechanical cooling tower and the main noise control measures in the case of single-side and double-side air intakes. The results show that the scheme of single-side air intake is better. At the same time, refined noise simulation is conducted on the boundary before and after taking measures on the mechanical cooling tower, and the data is compared with the actual monitoring value. The data is basically consistent, and the noise of boundary meets the standard requirements after optimization and treatment.
Research on the Identification and Risk Prevention System of Alien Species Invasion
Authors: Zhang Weidong , Wang Yatong , Luo Wenjing , Meng Yuanyuan
Published: February 2025

With the progress of society and economic development, the exchanges between countries are becoming more frequent and closer, and the spread and diffusion of species are becoming more and more common, which promotes the exchange and utilization of biological resources, but also inevitably causes the problem of invasion of alien species. The invasion of alien species poses a great threat to biodiversity, human health and economic development, so the identification of alien species invasion and the construction of risk prevention system are particularly important. Therefore, based on the definition of “biological invasion”, this study analyzes the harm of invasive alien species, and provides a method to identify whether it is an invasive species through the construction of analytic hierarchy process model and the analysis of actual cases, and then puts forward suggestions for constructing and improving the risk prevention system of species invasion.
Effects of Different Types of Manure Application on Rice Yield and Improving Soil Effect
Authors: Ding Shengli , Tu Xiaofei , Wei Jing
Published: February 2025

In order to explore the effects of different kinds and different amounts of manure on rice growth and soil fertility, pot experiments were carried out on the basis of applying chemical fertilizer with equal nitrogen, and the optimum amount of manure was studied by systematically analyzing therice yield, SPAD of rice leaves, the dynamic change of inorganic nitrogen concentration in paddy field surface water and the physical and chemical properties of soil after rice harvest. The results showed that, on the basis of applying 192.8 kg·hm-2 urea (calculated as pure nitrogen), it was the best to increase the application of pig manure by one time (equivalent to 153.4 kg·hm-2) and chicken manure by one and a half times (equivalent to 203.1 kg·hm-2). At this time, the rice grain yield, straw yield, grain nitrogen uptake and straw were the best. Appropriate application of manure can effectively reduce the loss of nitrogen in field water, in which the application of pig manure can reduce ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen by 21.55% and 50.60% respectively, and the application of chicken manure can reduce ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen by 13.48% and 8.33% respectively. In addition, the application of manure increased the contents of total nitrogen, organic matter, available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the soil, which significantly improved the soil texture and soil fertility. In a word, applying 1 time of pig manure or 1.5 times of chicken manure on the basis of applying the same amount of chemical fertilizer can maximize rice yield and improve soil quality, while reducing the risk of nitrogen loss and environmental pollution. The research results can not only provide data reference for the selection of manure types and the ratio of organic and inorganic fertilizers in rice production, but also reduce the risk of environmental damage caused by fertilization.
Research on Noise Reduction of Axial Flow Fan Cover Based on CFD/CAA
Authors: Chen Kui , Cheng Akang , Zhou Shuai , Cai Yongqing , Chen Yankang
Published: February 2025

Taking an axial fan for an electronic equipment chassis as the research object, combining the theories of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Computational Aerodynamic Acoustics (CAA), the steady state and non-stationary analyses are carried out by using the RNG k – ε turbulence model and the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method. The distribution of dipole noise on the surface of the fan cover and the aerodynamic noise characteristics of the fan’s far-field are analysed by the wide-frequency noise model and the FW-H model. The aerodynamic noise of the wind turbine has discrete peaks at the fundamental frequency and its higher harmonics. The broadband noise part gradually decreases with the increase of frequency and tends to level off. Numerical simulation results show that: the aerodynamic noise of the fan without fan cover is 55dB, and the installation of fan cover will increase the total sound pressure level and shift the octave peak to the right. The aerodynamic noise of cross-circle type fan cover is 60.4dB, the aerodynamic noise of cross type fan cover is 59.7dB, and the performance of honeycomb type and rectanglenet type fan covers are comparable, which are 58.4dB and 58.2dB, respectively.
Self-accelerating Photocatalytic Reaction for Removal of Heavy Metal Cr
Authors: Yang Haijuan , Li Xilin
Published: February 2025

Photocatalyst-loaded hydrogels show great potential for effective degradation of pollutants. In this work, a novel composite photocatalyst preparation method is proposed to prepare a gel composite photocatalyst using hydrothermal reaction and in situ synthesis method for rapid degradation and removal of heavy metal Cr present in water bodies. Sodium alginate was chosen as the hydrogel carrier of photocatalytic material to improve the homogeneity and stability of the composite photocatalyst. The H2O2 generated from the hydrolysis of aluminum chloride during the reaction process can accelerate the photoreaction, so this experiment has high efficiency of autocatalysis. The experimental results showed that the degradation and removal of heavy metal Cr could reach 75% under the conditions of dosage of 0.08 g, pH 4, temperature 35 °C, initial concentration of 40 mg/L, and light intensity of 15 W. This work provides a low-cost and convenient method for constructing novel hydrogel carriers with high photocatalytic stability and efficiency.
Research on Excessive Emission Identification Method of Heavy-Duty Vehicle Based on Remote Supervision
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhao Zhe , Yang Yanyan , Li Jingyuan , Yu Hanzhengnan , Liu Yu , Hu Junhan , Liang Yongkai
Published: February 2025

The low efficiency of NOx excessive emission identification of heavy-duty vehicle is an urgent problem in the transportation field. In this paper, the excessive emission identification method of heavy-duty vehicle based on remote supervision is studied. Based on the characteristic law between vehicle emission and operating condition, the screening basis of vehicle emission calculation basic data is clarified. The two most critical parameters which affect the emission are obtained. Meanwhile, the suggestions of vehicle field detection are put forward. It is of great significance to improve the accuracy of online remote identification of heavy-duty vehicles with excessive emission and the success rate of on-site detection based on violation clues of online identification.
Fabrication of Dyes Adsorption Separation Membrane Via Post-Thermal Annealing Mediated Phase Inversion of Sulfonated Polyarylene Ethers Copolymers
Authors: Cheng Liyan , Li Yunfei
Published: February 2025

A sulfonated polyarylene ether random copolymer (abbreviated as Ao-S) has been synthesized and further converted into porous membranes via the classical non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) technique. Then, the structure, morphology, thermal properties was analyzed by several characterization equipment. More importantly, it is found that the post thermal annealing effectively enhances the organic solvent resistance of Ao-S porous membranes. The performance tests indicate that the Ao-S membranes are effective in separating the model dyes of rhodamine (Rhb) dissolved in isopropanol (IPA) solution and the heat treatment temperature of 240°C is the optimized one for improving the separation of dyes due to the combined effect of pore trapping and physical adsorption at the active sites of the polymer matrix. Basically, the current work opens new way to design and fabricate the organic solvent resistant separation membranes.
Development of physiological, anthropometric and psychological parameters in adolescent ice hockey players
Authors: Huard Pelletier Vincent , Trudeau François , Lemoyne Jean
Published: February 2025

Purpose: One of the most critical periods in a player’s development is adolescence when major competitions and hormonal changes occur. However, very few studies have investigated ice hockey-related performances during this period and whether players’ perceptions of competence also evolve. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the progression of players’ different anthropometric, physiological, and psychological attributes as a function of their pubertal status and team selection during a competitive ice hockey season. Methods: Forty male (M age ± SD = 13.81 ± 0.41 years) and 38 female (M age ± SD = 14.97 ± 0.92 years) players were monitored as part of a selection process for a national team between July 2021 and January 2023. Participants completed off-ice and on-ice fitness tests three and two times, respectively, and filled out the Self-Perceived Ice Hockey Competence Scale twice. Results: players further along in their pubertal development are stronger and more powerful, but perceptions of competence remain stable over the same period, regardless of selection or pubertal status. Conclusion: The study allows us to better understand the evolution of actual and perceived competence during a key period in high-level ice hockey development and to differentiate the progress of youngsters selected or not for a provincial team.
Psychosomatische Dermatologie: ein erfolgreiches innovatives Lehrprojekt in Kiel – auch für andere Standorte?
Authors: von Spreckelsen Regina , Quinkler Kilian , Hoang Mai Anh , Wohlgemuth Lynn Kristin , Hartmann Jan , Gläser Regine
Published: February 2025

Psychosomatische Aspekte in der Dermatologie finden zunehmend bei dermatologischen Therapieansätzen Beachtung und tragen auf der psychoimmunologischen Ebene zu einem besseren Verständnis verschiedener dermatologischer Erkrankungen bei. In der Universitätshautklinik Kiel wurden im Rahmen von zwei BMBF-geförderten Lehrprojekten ab 2018 Kurse in Kleingruppen zum Thema „Psychosomatische Dermatologie“ auf freiwilliger Basis angeboten und evaluiert. Um wichtige Lerninhalte auch einer größeren Zahl von Studierenden zugänglich zu machen, wurde aufgrund der Resultate und der Wichtigkeit der Inhalte ab dem Wintersemester 2023/24 ein adaptiertes Seminar für alle Dermatologie-Studierenden entwickelt und in das verpflichtende Curriculum eingebunden.

Die Studierenden der Dermatologie (i.a. 7. Fachsemester) erhielten im Rahmen der
verpflichtenden curricularen dermatologischen Lehre im Wintersemester 2023/24 (WS23/24) und
im Sommersemester 2024 (SS24) ein psychosomatisch fokussiertes praxisorientiertes und
interaktives Seminar von jeweils 60 Minuten, welches anschließend mittels einer
Online-Evaluation bestehend aus 10 Fragen (Likert-Skala 1–5 und zusätzliche Freitexte)
evaluiert wurde. Der Fokus lag auf der Vorstellung der psychosomatischen Dermatologie in
Bezug auf wichtige Krankheitsbilder, der Vermittlung des biopsychosozialen Krankheitsmodells
und der Präsentation möglicher psychometrischer Methoden und Behandlungsoptionen unter
Einbindung konkreter Fallbeispiele. In beiden Fachsemestern befanden sich insgesamt 209
Studierende. Die erhaltenden Antworten wurden anschließend deskriptiv und inhaltsanalytisch
ausgewertet.

Im WS23/24 befanden sich insgesamt 127 Studierende, 69 Rückmeldungen konnten ausgewertet (54%) werden. Das Seminar wurde nach der ersten Durchführung überarbeitet und im Folgesemester in der adaptierten Version abgehalten. Das SS24 zählte insgesamt 82 Teilnehmende, von denen 46 Personen (56%) die Evaluation durchführten. Die Evaluation des adaptierten Seminars bestätigte eine sehr hohe Akzeptanz der Veranstaltung mit neu erlerntem Verständnis der verschiedenen psychodermatologischen Inhalte. Die Gesamtauswertung beider Semester zeigte, dass die 10 Fragen von 86,9% (80–100%) der Studierenden mit den Items 1 (voll zutreffend) und 2 (zutreffend) bewertet wurden.

Die Psychosomatische Dermatologie wird aufgrund der Wichtigkeit ihrer Inhalte für die Patientenversorgung und anhand dieser Ergebnisse in der curricularen Lehre der Hautklinik Kiel zukünftig fest verankert. Die vor Ort entwickelten Seminarinhalte und -folien können interessierten Lehrenden zugänglich gemacht werden und könnten somit auch an anderen Standorten in die jeweiligen Lehrprogramme integriert werden.
Modeling the marathon and human endurance performance: Some thoughts and what’s new?
Authors: Joyner Michael J.
Published: February 2025

Abstract: In 1991 I published a physiological model of marathon running performance. My model predicted it might be possible for a human to run the marathon in less than two hours. In this essay I review the genesis of my thinking at that time, share my perspective about was changed over the last 30 plus years, and speculate about what the future might hold.
Understanding the Ramp Tears of the Knee Joint: Types, Consequences, and Treatment
Authors: Batta Nafisa Shakir , KSV Abhinetri , Rajani Heena , Samanta Riya
Published: February 2025

Ramp lesions or meniscocapsular separation are peripheral injuries that affect the posterior horn of the medial meniscus (PHMM) and the posteromedial capsule and are described as a tear or injury to the meniscocapsular junction or the meniscofemoral ligaments, particularly in the posteromedial aspect of the knee joint in the setting of pivot shift injuries. These almost always occur with a concomitant anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. The meniscocapsular junction is the area where the peripheral attachment of the meniscus meets the joint capsule. In the context of ramp lesions, this region is susceptible to damage when there is an injury to the ACL. The medial meniscus serves as a firm attachment between the tibia and the femur, functioning as a stabilizer for the knee. It plays a crucial role in preventing anterior translation, particularly in knees with ACL deficiency, making it particularly prone to injuries. The ACL tear can cause the tibia to excessively translate anteriorly, leading to stress on the posterior aspect of the medial meniscus. Ramp lesions have significant biomechanical implications, and their occurrence is more prevalent than previously believed. Untreated ramp lesions may contribute to persistent knee symptoms, instability, and impaired function. These lesions are frequently underdiagnosed, leading to a lack of timely surgical intervention in standard knee arthroscopies. This limitation arises from the reliance on anterior portals, restricting a comprehensive evaluation of the posterior horn and attachment of the medial meniscus. Owing to its tendency to go unnoticed during magnetic resonance imaging interpretation and its “blind” spot in arthroscopic vision, achieving an accurate preoperative diagnosis is crucial. The objective of this article is to comprehensively present recent findings in the literature regarding meniscal ramp lesions, encompassing their anatomical, biomechanical, and diagnostic characteristics in an illustrative manner.
Relação entre o padrão de força muscular, a classificação de rugas faciais e a dose de toxina botulínica sorotipo A
Authors: Pithon-Napoli João Vitor Moraes , Matos Gabriela Ducioni , Casagrande Rubia Carniato , Moretti Mariana Pedrazzi
Published: February 2025

Introdução A toxina botulínica A (BoNT-A) atua inibindo a liberação de acetilcolina do terminal présináptico, resultando em paralisia química reversível dos músculos. É um tratamento amplamente aceito para melhorar a aparência das linhas de expressão glabelares que se desenvolvem devido à contração muscular.

Materiais e Métodos Foram avaliados os padrões de forças glabelares; classificação de rugas faciais; e quantidade de unidades de BoNT-A utilizadas nos músculos corrugador e prócero.

Resultados A média total de unidades de BoNT-A utilizadas foi de 7,2 UI no músculo corrugador (mulheres 7,1 UI e homens 7,4 UI) e de 3,9 U no prócero (mulheres 3,9 UI e homens 4,1 UI), com correlação positiva entre o número de unidades utilizadas e a idade dos 58 participantes. Quanto ao padrão de forças, utilizou-se mais unidades no músculo corrugador com padrão forte e classificação de rugas faciais de 3 a 4, e moderado com a mesma classificação de rugas faciais (8 UI e 8,5 UI, respectivamente), no músculo prócero foram utilizadas mais unidades no padrão de força forte com rugas classificadas em 3 a 4 (5 UI). Sendo as rugas classificadas de 3 a 5 as que mais necessitaram de unidades de BoNT-A.

Conclusão A quantidade de unidades de BoNT-A utilizadas é diretamente proporcional ao padrão de força e classificação das rugas faciais, sendo necessária a utilização de mais unidades quando observado o padrão de força forte e classificação de rugas profundas.
Reading the political Winnicott with and beyond Martha Nussbaum
Authors: Koubová Alice , Urban Petr
Published: February 2025

This article provides a critique of Martha Nussbaum’s use of Donald Winnicott’s psychoanalysis in the field of political theory. In particular, it shows that Nussbaum omits specific elements in Winnicott’s thinking that may be described as “vitalist”. Nussbaum uses Winnicott’s ideas to justify a teleological view of human maturity which can hardly be harmonised with some of his seminal views of human subjectivity. The paper argues that, despite being true to Winnicott’s theory in many ways, Nussbuam commits a decisive interpretive shift which involves subordinating the Winnicottian “life force” under regulative norms of the liberal political order.
Generating high-harmonic array beams
Authors: Reddy Andra Naresh Kumar , Zacharias Helmut , Yilmaz Hasan , Kim Vyacheslav V. , Kӓrcher Victor , Anand Vijayakumar , Ganeev Rashid A.
Published: February 2025

The demand for spatially structured ultrashort beams at shorter wavelengths is high, and their adaptability in potential applications such as imaging, metrology, and attosecond science is undeniable. In this work, we present the generation of high-harmonic array beams. We utilize ultrashort structured array beams in the near-infrared wavelength as the pump source to reliably generate extreme-ultraviolet array beams at the tenth harmonic of the pump wavelength. The pump array beams showed shape-invariant free space propagation and exhibited a self-healing ability against adverse spatial effects introduced by aberrations. Moreover, we found that the spatial profile of these array beams remained unchanged for any polarization state, a unique feature that enhances their versatility. The interaction of shape-invariant array beams with an argon gas jet in a two-color pump configuration generated high harmonics consisting of both weak odd and even orders, a suppression of odd harmonics from the 13th to the 17th order when driven by two-color laser fields, but a strong 10th order harmonic appeared in the extreme-ultraviolet. This 10th harmonic unveiled a spatial distribution, including a unique string structure that is a hallmark of array beams. This extreme nonlinear optical process of structured high-harmonic generation is a significant advancement that offers a new degree of freedom for generating diverse structured harmonics in extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray regimes.
Patterned dark amorphous titania nanotube arrays with high conductivity
Authors: Kupferer A. , Mändl S. , Munnik F. , Mayr S. G.
Published: February 2025

Black titania nanotubes possess an extraordinary surface functionality while having a high absorbance in the visible light range. In this study, a low-temperature manufacturing approach for dark titania nanotubes is presented: low-energy low-fluence carbon ion implantation. It allows a local chemical reduction, preserves the amorphous structure and induces oxygen vacancies, leading to high electrical conductivity. The material’s modification is unveiled on microscopic and macroscopic scales: electrical characteristics are recorded on the nanometer scale using tunneling atomic force microscopy and overall with two-point measurements. The depth-resolved atomic composition is assessed via elastic recoil detection analysis, while optical and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy elucidate the global chemical binding situation and bandgap shifts. This extensive analysis supports the concept of percolated carbon paths that vertically span the nanotubes and provide a substantial contribution to the enhanced conductivity. In combination with the utilization of implantation masks, a versatile route for a targeted and localized material’s manipulation toward patterned dark amorphous titania nanotubes is demonstrated that gives rise to innovative materials and smart devices.
Solitary bubbles rising in quiescent liquids: A critical assessment of experimental data and high-fidelity numerical simulations, and performance evaluation of selected prediction methods
Authors: Cioncolini Andrea , Magnini Mirco
Published: February 2025

Bubbles are ubiquitous in industrial applications and in the natural environment. The dynamics of solitary bubbles rising through quiescent liquids, in particular, underpins the physics of two-phase bubbly flows, which are commonplace in industrial, biological, and environmental flows. This review provides a critical assessment of experimental data and high-fidelity numerical simulations concerning the rise of solitary bubbles in quiescent liquids, and an evaluation of selected prediction methods for the rise velocity and the aspect ratio of the bubbles. The assessment of the experimental data is performed by way of a large and diversified bubble rise data bank collected from the literature (7192 data points from 58 literature studies), which is critically analyzed dedicating special attention to various aspects that have not been adequately addressed in previous investigations, including the methodologies employed to generate the bubbles, the techniques adopted to measure their size, shape, and rise velocity, the consequence of the liquid contamination on the bubble dynamics, wall-confinement effects, and the mass transfer between the bubble and the surrounding liquid. The assessment of the computational studies covers direct numerical simulations with interface capturing, interface tracking methods, and linear stability analyses, which are critically analyzed with specific focus on numerical methods, computational mesh, validation vs experimental data, and their main findings. The evaluation of the prediction methods is restricted to selected and widely quoted methodologies, three for the bubble rise velocity and four for the bubble aspect ratio, which have been proposed for final applications and whose performance is assessed against the measured data. The curated bubble rise data bank is provided in full and usable form. Research gaps and topics that necessitate further investigation are identified and discussed.
The realization of apologies in a second language
Authors: Geçkin Vasfiye
Published: February 2025

This study examines intercultural pragmatic competence in the way advanced Turkish learners of English realize the
act of apologizing in English. The data were obtained from six dialogic scenarios of apologies that the students acted out in
class. The main objective was to explore role of gender and directness in the use of apology strategies (AS) in English as a
foreign language (EFL) within the framework of the Mixed Game Model. In this dialogic model, the situation-based act-outs were
video-recorded, transcribed, and coded either as direct or indirect AS use. The use of illocutionary force indicating deceives as
a direct AS and assuming responsibility and offering repair as indirect AS use stood out for both groups. Males were more indirect
in their AS than females. The paper concludes that directness, rather than gender, is a key predictor in realizing apologies in a
second language.
Application of a One Health approach to translate policies to action to address priority chemical pollutants: TCDD as an example
Authors: Machalaba Catherine , Cybulska Lauren , Fogarty Fiona , Nguyen Dao , Grassman Jean
Published: February 2025

Pollution is a leading cause of disease burden and deaths globally, with toxic chemicals playing an increasing role. To date, there has been limited focus on a One Health approach for the effective prevention and management of chemical pollution, despite myriad toxicological connections between humans, animals, and the environment. The recent evolution of One Health framing and policy commitments offers an opportunity to examine practical entry points for applying a One Health approach to toxicant risks and impacts. Using the example of the persistent toxicant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), we demonstrate conceptually how a One Health approach can add value to understanding and reducing risk from chemical pollutants, including through the risk analysis cycle. Broader connections are made for monitoring and management of chemical threats, including in relation to the climate and biodiversity crises. The effects of TCDD on humans and other species and ecosystems warrant a holistic approach to evaluate risks and identify and optimize solutions through a multi-sectoral approach. Enhanced impact assessment tools, multi-species literature reviews and field surveys, interagency coordination agreements that formally link global and national organizations with mandates for toxic chemical management and human, animal, and plant health, and cost-benefit analyses employing a One Health economics lens provide practical starting points for making a One Health approach routine when addressing chemical pollution risks and impacts. The One Health Joint Plan of Action, through its Action Track 6, and newly adopted Global Action Plan on Biodiversity and Health offer momentum to build on a new era of tackling chemical pollution to better protect the health of humans, animals, and the environment.

One Health impact statement

Priority chemical pollutants threaten human, animal, and environmental health, warranting the holistic understanding and coordinated multi-sectoral action enabled through a One Health approach. Noting that the monitoring and management of Persistent Organic Pollutants spans multiple international agreements (e.g., toxic chemicals, food safety, military practices), the overarching global One Health Joint Plan of Action and recently-adopted Global Action Plan for Biodiversity and Health provide key opportunities to take a holistic view in assessing and reducing risks and impacts of pollutants to human health and biodiversity. Using the example of the dioxin TCDD, a persistent organic pollutant, we highlight ways that a One Health approach can be beneficial across the risk analysis cycle to advance policy translation into action.
Switchable spin-selective transmission in nano-kirigami metasurfaces
Authors: Jin Yating , Chen Shanshan , Gu Chenxi , Li Shuguang
Published: February 2025

Polarization control and modulation of optical signals play a crucial role in optical information transmission, with widespread applications in optical communication, sensing, and signal processing. Here, we propose an intrinsically chiral nano-kirigami metasurface featuring out-of-plane twisting, which enables switchable spin-selective light transmission. At the operating wavelength, it nearly completely blocks the transmission of one type of circularly polarized light while maintaining a transmission exceeding 70% for the other type. Crucially, by merely adjusting the rotation angles or deformation heights of the four arms of the nano-kirigami structures, the metasurface can switch from selective transmission of left-handed circularly polarized light to right-handed circularly polarized light, and vice versa, without the need for dramatic structural geometric chirality changes through mirror operations. Simultaneously, a remarkable circular dichroism of up to 0.74 is achieved, and its sign reverses with the transition of transmission. Electromagnetic multipolar analysis reveals that this switching of chiral response is governed by handedness-dependent excitations of toroidal dipole modes. Additionally, the spin-encoded near-field imaging results demonstrate the potential applications of this switchable spin-selective transmission based on nano-kirigami metasurfaces in digital imaging and chiroptical encryption.
A soft pipeline robot inspired by inchworm locomotion with layer-interference variable stiffness
Authors: Li Yujia , Xia Yu , Ren Tao , Jin Zheyi , Zhuang Weiye , Huang Xiao , Yu Weisong
Published: February 2025

Pipeline robots made from rigid materials have limited adaptability, making it difficult for them to navigate flexibly in complex, small-diameter pipes. In contrast, soft pipeline robots, constructed from flexible materials, can adapt to various pipe structures, making them well-suited for non-destructive testing. However, their lack of sufficient rigidity prevents them from achieving normal operational states under certain conditions. To address this issue, this paper presents the design of a soft pipeline robot using interlayer interference variable-stiffness technology. It includes a detailed kinematic analysis of the robot’s bending deformation characteristics and stiffness variations under different air pressure conditions, chamber inflation states, and interlayer interference effects. Comprehensive in-pipe motion experiments were conducted to validate the findings. Both experimental and simulation results confirmed the effectiveness of the design, demonstrating the robot’s superior performance and high operational efficiency in pipeline tasks. This research provides valuable insights into the application of soft robots for inspecting small-diameter, complex pipelines.
Thermal effects on optomechanically induced transparency and group delays in a microcavity
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhou Lina , Jing Ruiping , Chen Hongyun , Luo Pengshun
Published: February 2025

We investigate the thermal effects on optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT), second-order sidebands and group delay phenomenon in a whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microcavity. We demonstrate the difference between these phenomena with and without thermal effects, and we find that thermal effects can have a significant impact on optomechanically induced transparency. For second-order sidebands and group delays, the thermal effect improves the generation efficiency of second-order sidebands, and the phenomenon of fast and slow light switching occurs simultaneously in the probe light and second-order sidebands. The results are valuable in the field of optical sensing and communication when considering thermal effects in practical applications.
Analgesic effect of microneedle with 3-acetylaconitine for neuropathic pain
Authors: Huang Juan , Li Yanhui , Zhu Mengru , Luo Jigang , Song Zhuoyue , Li Shijie , Liu Tao , Tang Chunzhi , Xu Nenggui , Liu Shihui
Published: February 2025

Neuropathic pain is a worldwide problem that causes physical and psychological pain to many patients. 3-acetylaconitine (AAC) is a kind of non-narcotic analgesic with long-lasting action, non-tolerant and non-addiction. However, it has some cardiac toxicity and can easily cause toxic organ damage. To solve these problems, dissolvable microneedle (MN) patches were prepared and delivered subcutaneously through the skin barrier. The results showed that the solid dispersion made with AAC and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) effectively changed the solubility of AAC and improved its bioavailability. The MN shape was conical and the bending forces of AAC/PVP-MN were all approximately 1.2 N/needle, which was enough to penetrate the stratum corneum of the skin. Through the use of the neuropathic pain model (spared nerve injury) test, it was found that the soluble MN mediated AAC hypodermic delivery provided effective analgesic activity. Compared with the model group, AAC/PVP-MN could increase mechanical pain threshold and hind legs load-bearing capacity, reduce the inflammation in the body, and have certain protective effect to spinal cord neurons. This study provided an idea for the clinical treatment of neuropathic pain and also a new approach for the safe use of toxic drugs with a narrow range.
Effect of Te-concentration on physico-chemical properties electrodeposited CdTeSe thin films for solar cell application
Authors: Yimamu A U , Adoons V N , Hussen M K , Werta S Z , Dejene F B , Echendu O K , Terblans J J , Swart H C , Motloung S J
Published: February 2025

Electrodeposition of CdTeSe thin films with two-electrode electrodeposition method in potentiostatic mode was performed at different TeO2 concentrations of 0.075, 0.150, 0.225, 0.30, and 0.375 mM. The structural, optical, surface morphology, surface roughness, and compositional properties of as-deposited (AD) and annealed (HT) CdTeSe thin film samples were investigated by using x-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, scanning probe microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, respectively. The XRD results confirmed that CdSe thin films are of hexagonal structure. After TeO2 was added, the CdTeSe films were found to have mixed hexagonal and cubic phases. The UV-Vis spectrophotometry results confirmed that the absorbance and band gap of the materials varied as the TeO2 concentration changed. For AD samples, the energy band gap was found to be (1.45–1.75) eV; for HT samples, it varied from (1.53–1.86) eV with TeO2 concentration. The average surface roughness was 93.17 nm and 79.59 nm for the AD and HT un-doped CdSe films, respectively. The average surface roughness values for the AD TeO2 doped (CdTeSe) samples were observed to be 23.00, 162.29, and 26.90 nm, and for the HT samples, they were 25.80, 153.10, and 19.35 nm for TeO2-concentrations of 0.075,0.150, and 0.375 mM respectively. Compositional analysis verified the presence of Cd, Te, and Se in the films. The results show that CdSeTe thin films have potential applications in thin-film solar cell device technology.
Speciation by hybridization: the mind-boggling nature, educational, and research value of the largest group of unisexual vertebrates
Authors: Barley Anthony J , Cole Charles J
Published: February 2025

Thirteen species of North American lizards are remarkable because only females exist, which reproduce by cloning unfertilized eggs. Their closest relatives reproduce sexually, with eggs fertilized by sperm from males, as in most vertebrates. The unisexual species originated through hybridization, dispensing with sex and males in a single generation. These lizards hold tremendous potential in science education as a fascinating model for learning about fundamental biological concepts, and in research for developing knowledge with medical applications for reproductive biology, embryonic development, and genetic interactions. These lizards maintain genome integrity in a hybrid state in which recombination is absent, but do not suffer from conditions or disorders such as Down's Syndrome or cancer that are caused by aneuploidy in humans. The multifarious impacts of hybridization on the diversity of species in this group present an exceptional opportunity to deepen understanding of the complicated process of evolutionary diversification.