bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Schubert calculus
Authors: Bürgisser Peter , Lerario Antonio
Published: May 2018

We initiate the study of average intersection theory in real Grassmannians.
We define the expected degree

edeg
⁡
G

⁢

(
k
,
n
)

{\operatorname{edeg}G(k,n)}

of the real Grassmannian

G
⁢

(
k
,
n
)

{G(k,n)}

as the average number of real k-planes meeting nontrivially

k
⁢

(

n
-
k

)

{k(n-k)}

random subspaces of

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

,
all of dimension

n
-
k

{n-k}

, where these subspaces are sampled uniformly and independently from

G
⁢

(

n
-
k

,
n
)

{G(n-k,n)}

.
We express

edeg
⁡
G

⁢

(
k
,
n
)

{\operatorname{edeg}G(k,n)}

in terms of
the volume of an invariant convex body
in the tangent space to the Grassmannian,
and prove that for fixed

k
≥
2

{k\geq 2}

and

n
→
∞

{n\to\infty}

,

edeg
⁡
G

⁢

(
k
,
n
)

=

deg
⁡

G
ℂ

⁢

(
k
,
n
)

1
2

⁢

ε
k

+

o
⁢

(
1
)

,

\operatorname{edeg}G(k,n)=\deg G_{\mathbb{C}}(k,n)^{\frac{1}{2}\varepsilon_{k}%
+o(1)},

where

deg
⁡

G
ℂ

⁢

(
k
,
n
)

{\deg G_{\mathbb{C}}(k,n)}

denotes the degree of the corresponding complex Grassmannian
and

ε
k

{\varepsilon_{k}}

is monotonically decreasing with

lim

k
→
∞

⁡

ε
k

=
1

{\lim_{k\to\infty}\varepsilon_{k}=1}

.
In the case of the Grassmannian of lines, we prove the finer asymptotic

edeg
⁡
G

⁢

(
2
,

n
+
1

)

=

8

3
⁢

π

5
/
2

⁢

n

⁢

(

π
2

4

)

n

⁢

(

1
+

𝒪
⁢

(

n

-
1

)

)

.

\operatorname{edeg}G(2,n+1)=\frac{8}{3\pi^{5/2}\sqrt{n}}\biggl{(}\frac{\pi^{2}%
}{4}\biggr{)}^{n}(1+\mathcal{O}(n^{-1})).

The expected degree
turns out to be the key quantity governing questions of the random enumerative geometry of flats.
We associate with a semialgebraic set

X
⊆

ℝ
⁢

P

n
-
1

{X\subseteq\mathbb{R}\mathrm{P}^{n-1}}

of dimension

n
-
k
-
1

{n-k-1}

its Chow hypersurface

Z
⁢

(
X
)

⊆

G
⁢

(
k
,
n
)

{Z(X)\subseteq G(k,n)}

,
consisting of the k-planes A in

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

whose projectivization intersects X.
Denoting

N
:=

k
⁢

(

n
-
k

)

{N:=k(n-k)}

, we show that

𝔼
⁢
#
⁢

(

g
1

⁢
Z
⁢

(

X
1

)

∩
⋯
∩

g
N

⁢
Z
⁢

(

X
N

)

)

=

edeg
⁡
G

⁢

(
k
,
n
)

⋅

∏

i
=
1

N

|

X
i

|

|

ℝ
⁢

P
m

|

,

\mathbb{E}\#(g_{1}Z(X_{1})\cap\cdots\cap g_{N}Z(X_{N}))=\operatorname{edeg}G(k%
,n)\cdot\prod_{i=1}^{N}\frac{|X_{i}|}{|\mathbb{R}\mathrm{P}^{m}|},

where each

X
i

{X_{i}}

is of dimension

m
=

n
-
k
-
1

{m=n-k-1}

, the expectation is taken with respect to independent uniformly distributed

g
1

,
…
,

g
m

∈

O
⁢

(
n
)

{g_{1},\dots,g_{m}\in O(n)}

and

|

X
i

|

{|X_{i}|}

denotes the m-dimensional volume of

X
i

{X_{i}}

.
Effects of High-Pressure Homogenization at Different Pressures on Structure and Functional Properties of Oyster Protein Isolates
Authors: Yu Cuiping , Wu Fan , Cha Yue , Qin Yuting , Du Ming
Published: May 2018

Oyster protein isolate (OPI) suspensions (6.19 % ± 0.82 %, w/v) were treated by high-pressure homogenization (HPH) at 0 (control), 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 MPa for three cycles. Protein profiles, secondary structure, free sulfhydryl, surface hydrophobicity, particle size distribution, zeta-potential, solubility, water and oil holding capacity (OHC), emulsifying and foaming properties of the obtained suspensions were analyzed. The results showed that HPH treatment did not cause changes in protein profiles of OPI, but caused changes in secondary structure, content of α-helix decreased but content of β-turn and random coil increased significantly (P < 0.05). Free sulfhydryl and surface hydrophobicity all increased significantly (P < 0.05) after HPH treatment, indicating that tertiary and quaternary structures changed. Functional properties of OPI significantly (P < 0.05) improved after HPH treatment, such as zeta-potential (from −12.67 to −33.57 mV), solubility (from 20.24 % to 57.99 %), OHC (from 981.77 % to 1229.40 %), foaming ability (from 17.50 % to 35.00 %), foaming stability (from 44.49 % to 66.60 %), emulsifying activity index (from 8.87 to 17.06 m2/g) and emulsion stability index (from 14.65 to 41.68 min). At 60 MPa and 80 MPa, the improvements were more remarkable. However, HPH treatment significantly (P < 0.05) decreased particle size (from 200–500 nm to 0–200 nm) and water holding capacity (from 341.15 % to 216.96 %). These improvements were closely related to structural changes and reduction of particle size. Application of different pressures affected functional properties of OPI. These results could provide information for determining HPH applying condition in OPI modification.
Primary cyclic matrices in irreducible matrix subalgebras
Authors: Corr Brian P. , Praeger Cheryl E.
Published: May 2018

Primary cyclic matrices were used (but not named) by Holt and Rees in their version of Parker’s MEAT-AXE
algorithm to test irreducibility of finite matrix groups and algebras. They are matrices X with at least one cyclic
component in the primary decomposition of the underlying vector space as an X-module. Let

M
⁡

(
c
,

q
b

)

{\operatorname{M}(c,q^{b})}

be an irreducible
subalgebra of

M
⁡

(
n
,
q
)

{\operatorname{M}(n,q)}

, where

n
=

b
⁢
c

>
c

{n=bc>c}

. We prove a generalisation of the Kung–Stong cycle index theorem, and use it to obtain
a lower bound for the proportion of primary cyclic matrices in

M
⁡

(
c
,

q
b

)

{\operatorname{M}(c,q^{b})}

. This extends work of Glasby and the second
author on the case

b
=
1

{b=1}

.
Animatio: a history of ideas on the beginning of personhood
Authors: Obladen Michael
Published: May 2018

The onset of individual human life has fascinated thinkers of all cultures and epochs, and the history of their ideas may enlighten an unsettled debate. Aristotle attributed three different souls to the subsequent developmental stages. The last, the rational soul, was associated with the formed fetus, and entailed fetal movements. With some modifications, the concept of delayed ensoulment – at 30, 42, 60, or 90 days after conception – was adopted by several Christian Church Fathers and remained valid throughout the Middle Ages. The concept of immediate ensoulment at fertilization originated in the 15th century and became Catholic dogma in 1869. During the Enlightenment, philosophers began to replace the rational soul with the term personhood, basing the latter on self-consciousness. Biological reality suggests that personhood accrues slowly, not at a specific date during gestation. Requirements for personhood are present in the embryo, but not in the preembryo before implantation: anatomic substrate; no more totipotent cells; decreased rate of spontaneous loss. However, biological facts alone cannot determine the embryo’s moral status. Societies must negotiate and decide the degree of protection of unborn humans. In the 21st century, fertilization, implantation, extrauterine viability and birth have become the most widely accepted landmarks of change in ontological status.
Wildlife Poaching and Rule of Law in Kenya
Authors: Zwier Paul J. , Glajar David Sergio
Published: May 2018

A look into the relationship between general rule of law development, from a distinctly Christian analytical perspective, and wildlife (namely elephant) poaching in Kenya. How can the concrete establishment of a solid legal foundation and rule of law help combat widespread elephant poaching in Kenya and the surrounding regions? How can rule of law development help to create a “Kenyan-specific” solution to this issue?
Cartels as Small World Networks: Evidence from Graphite Electrode Cartel
Authors: Ponce Carlos J. , Roldán Flavia
Published: May 2018

This article contributes to understanding the organization of collusive agreements by studying the inner-workings of the graphite electrode cartel. For this purpose: (i) we construct a database that comprises 49 meetings between 24 cartel members during the life period of the agreement, and (ii) we develop a conceptual framework that captures the affiliation of cartel members to meetings. Using statistical methods of social networks, we find that the cartel is organized around a few highly connected sub-networks that are close to each other.
The Halo Effect: Perceptions of Diffuse Threat and SVP Vote Share
Authors: Martig Noemi , Bernauer Julian
Published: May 2018

The voter strength of right-wing populist parties is regularly attributed either to a feeling of threat from a high proportion of local foreigners or to the lack of opportunities for contact between the majority and the minority. This contribution is theoretically based on a synthesis of these perspectives, known as the Halo effect. Accordingly, it is not so much the local size of the local population, which is perceived as foreign, but rather its relative proportion in the surrounding countryside, which leads to a diffuse feeling of threat. The electoral success of the Swiss People’s Party (SVP) at the level of the Swiss municipalities serves as a basis for the empirical investigation, which is conducted alternatively with the proportions of the foreign and Muslim population. For both groups, spatial multilevel regression models provide indications of a coexistence of direct negative effects of minority populations on the share of the SVP (in the sense of the contact hypothesis) and of Halo effects, with the direct effects appearing to be somewhat more pronounced. Socio-structural factors can reduce these correlations (high unemployment neutralises the negative effect of the proportion of foreigners) or intensify these correlations (a higher income level accentuates the Halo effect for Muslims).
Was spricht gegen Zwei-Klassen-Medizin?
Authors: Breyer Friedrich
Published: May 2018

In Germany, there is a lively debate on a so-called „two-class-medicine“, meaning that privately insured persons get better medical treatment than sickness fund members. As an economist, the author is not in a position to judge whether this is true. However, the co-existence of social and private health insurance (GKV and PKV) constitutes a „two-class-health insurance“, which leads to severe inequities in the distribution of the financial burden of illness. In this article it is shown that there are legal ways to address and eliminate these inequities without abolishing the private health insurance system altogether. The instruments are the inclusion of private health insurance in the risk adjustment scheme of the sickness funds and the transformation of the GKV contributions into flat per-person amounts, independent of earnings, accompanied by a tax-financed compensation for families with below-average income, as in Switzerland and the Netherlands. Interestingly, this second reform proposal has been vigorously opposed by all leftist parties ever since, who fight for the chimaera of a „people's insurance“, which sounds good but cannot be implemented in a legal way and, moreover, would not even eliminate „two-class-medicine“.
Mehr Differenzierung statt Einheitlichkeit
Authors: Pimpertz Jochen
Published: May 2018

Neither extending the German mandatory health insurance scheme to the entire population nor aligning the remuneration for privately and statutorily insured patients will slow down the disproportionate growth of health care expenditure in the mandatory health insurance. However, competition between different types of medical care may help to leverage efficiency reserves provided that cost differences lead to different payments which in turn incentivise the cost awareness of all players in the health care system.
Ion-Selective Ligands: How Colloidal Nano- and Micro-Particles Can Introduce New Functionalities
Authors: Chakraborty Indranath , Jimenez de Aberasturi Dorleta , Pazos-Perez Nicolas , Guerrini Luca , Masood Atif , Alvarez-Puebla Ramon A. , Feliu Neus , Parak Wolfgang J.
Published: May 2018

Colloidal nano- and micro-particles can introduce new properties and functionalities to existing materials and thus are a valuable building block for the construction of novel materials. This is discussed for the case of ion-selective ligands, hence molecules that can bind specifically ions of one type. First, in case ion-selective fluorescent ligands are attached to the surface of particles, these fluorophores sense the local ion concentration at the particle surface and not the bulk ion concentration. Thus, the ion-response of the ligands can be tuned by attaching them to the surface of particles. Second, in case ligands specific for particular ions are bound to the surface of particles, these ions can provide contrast and thus the particles can be imaged. This involves for example Gd-ions, which provide contrast for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 111In-ions, which provide contrast for imaging of radioactivity. By attaching the ligands to the surface of particles, their physicochemical properties (as for example size and solubility) are changed, which affects their interaction with cells and, consequently, biodistribution. Attachment of ion-chelators for imaging to particles thus allows for tuning their biodistribution. Third, ion-specific ligands can be also attached to the surface of magnetic particles. In this case ions bound to the ligands can be extracted with magnetic field gradients and magnetic separation becomes possible. Therefore, magnetic particles provide a handle to the ligands, which enables the extraction of ions from solution. These examples demonstrate how the attachment of different types of colloidal particles to one existing class of molecules, ion-selective ligands, can open new fields of applications of these molecules.
Soldatische Radikalisierung und Massaker. Das deutsche Erste und Zweite Seebataillon im Einsatz im “Boxerkrieg” in China 1900
Authors: Martin Bernd
Published: May 2018

In der internationalen und auch in der deutschen Forschung werden die deutschen Truppen im Boxerkrieg allgemein als die aggressivsten Einheiten von allen beteiligten Interventionsmächten hingestellt. Doch größere deutsche, selbstständig operierende Verbände trafen erst am 19. August 1900 in China ein, genau an dem Tag, an dem das belagerte Gesandtschaftsviertel in Peking von einer alliierten Streitmacht entsetzt wurde und der Krieg eigentlich zu Ende war. Dieses Paradox wird gern dahingehend erklärt, dass die Deutschen zu spät gekommen waren und nunmehr ihr militärisches Können unter Beweis stellen mussten.

Auf der Grundlage der offiziellen Dokumente, der an Ort und Stelle verfassten Kriegstagebücher der Einheiten, werden die Aktionen der ersten beiden nach China entsandten deutschen Kampfverbände von ihrer Mobilisierung am 19. Juni 1900 bis zu ihrer Integration in das deutsche Expeditionscorps am 19. Oktober 1900 verfolgt. In dieser Mikrostudie werden die Rekrutierung der Freiwilligen, die Überfahrt nach China, der Gewaltmarsch nach Peking und die Konfrontation mit dem Inferno in der Hauptstadt geschildert. Die folgenden Strafexpeditionen wurden von dem auf Ruhm erpichten Kommandeur mehr oder minder inszeniert, von den Soldaten jedoch herbeigesehnt, um endlich kämpfen zu können. Die Erschießung von 76 Chinesen am dritten Tage nach der Ankunft und die Ermordung aller männlichen Einwohner von Liangxiang sowie die Gefechte im Kaiserlichen Hirsch-Park südlich von Peking werden allgemein als die größten deutschen Verbrechen bezeichnet. Doch es gab keine entsprechenden Anweisungen aus Berlin. Diese Massaker wurden von Soldaten begangen, die von der deutschen Propaganda über die “unmenschlichen Boxer-Horden” indoktriniert und durch eine vollständig fremde ethno-kulturelle Welt verunsichert waren. Die Ausschreitungen waren situativ bedingt, doch die Verantwortung lag bei den kommandierenden Offizieren.
Mortalidad masiva de Canthigaster rostrata (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae) en la costa del Caribe Sur de Costa Rica
Authors: Piedra-Castro Lilliana , Araya-Vargas Alexander
Published: May 2018

Durante el 2017, observamos un evento de mortalidad masiva del pez de arrecife Canthigaster rostrata en el Caribe Sur costarricense. Los 86 individuos recolectados, posiblemente juveniles, presentaron tallas menores a los 49 mm y pesos debajo de 2.8 g. Eventos similares se han reportado en otras localidades del Caribe y podrían asociarse a cambios en la temperatura marina o al agotamiento de recursos durante su estrategia de reclutamiento.
Primer registro de albinismo en el bagre boca chica Ariopsis felis (Siluriformes: Ariidae) del sureste del Golfo de México
Authors: Lara-Mendoza Raúl E. , Guerra-Jiménez Luis Alfonso
Published: May 2018

Se reporta por primera vez la presencia de un organismo albino de Ariopsis felis capturado por la flota palangrera artesanal de Tabasco a 68.6 km de la costa y 49 m de profundidad, el ejemplar correspondió a una hembra sexualmente madura con longitud furcal de 31.5 cm y peso total de 406.7 g. El presente estudio aumenta los registros de especies albinas en el sureste del Golfo de México.
Studi Pembuatan Edible Film dari Karaginan.
Authors: Suryaningrum Th. Dwi , Basmal Jamal , Nurochmawati Nurochmawati
Published: May 2018

Penelitian pembuatan edible film dari karaginan telah dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu penelitian pendahuluan dan penelitian utama. Penelitian pendahuluan dimaksudkan untuk memperoleh formulasi bumbu yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian utama. Penelitian utama dilakukan dengan menggunakan perlakuan volume larutan pengencer dan penambahan tepung tapioka. Larutan pengencer yang digunakan adalah kaldu ebi dengan vo­lume 75 dan 80 kali bobot karaginan serta penambahan tepung tapioka dengan perbandingan bobot antara tepung karaginan dan tepung tapioka 21 dan tanpa penambahan tepung tapioka. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap sifat fisik (ketebalan, persentase pemanjangan serta kekuatan tarik), sifat kimia (analisis proksimat) serta uji organoleptik. Hasil penelitian pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa formulasi bumbu yang terbaik adalah gula 2,5%, garam 0,6%, kecap 0,4%, MSG 0,05%, bahan pewarna 0,4%, dan sorbitol 0,4%. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan volume pengencer berpengaruh (U=0,05) terhadap ketebalan film yang dihasilkan, sedangkan penambahan tepung tapioka berpengaruh terhadap menurunnya nilai kekuatan tarik film. Perlakuan yang diberikan tidak berpengaruh terhadap persentase pemanjangan film, perlakuan volume pelarut dan penambahan tepung tapioka hanya berpengaruh terhadap kandungan protein dan kadar lemak film. Pada uji organoleptik, hanya bau yang dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan volume pelarut, sedangkan uji organoleptik lainnya seperti tekstur, penampakan, warna dan rasa tidak dipengaruhi oleh semua perlakuan yang diberikan,
Pengaruh Jumlah Monokloro Asetat terhadap Karakteristik Karboksimetil Kitosan dari Kitosan Cangkang dan Kaki Rajungan.
Authors: Oktavia Devi Ambarwaty , Wibowo Singgih , Fawzya Yusro Nuri
Published: May 2018

Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis limbah rajungan (cangkang/punggung dan kaki) sebagai bahan baku kitosan dan rasio kitosan‑monokloro asetat pada proses karboksimetilasi terhadap karakteristik karboksimetil kitosan yang dihasilkan. Perbandingan kitosan dan monokloro asetat yang digunakan adalah 1:1; 0,9:1,1 dan 0,8:1,2. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa rendemen tertinggi (93,8%) dan viskositas tertinggi (485 cPs) didapat dari perlakuan kitosan cangkang rajungan dengan perbandingan kitosan : monokloro asetat 0,9:1,1. Derajat substitusi tertinggi (1,15) didapat dari perlakuan kitosan kaki rajungan dengan perbandingan kitosan : monokloro asetat 0,9:1,1. Sedangkan kelarutan tertinggi (95,5%) didapat dari perlakuan kitosan cangkang rajungan dengan perbandingan kitosan : monokloro asetat 0,8:1,2. Adapun pH produk dari semua perlakuan berkisar antara 3,5‑4.
THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS: FUNDAMENTAL, APPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Long Bui Duc
Published: May 2018

Energy and the environment are popular themes in the 21st century because both are closely interlinked. The current technologies are focusing on finding new, clean, safe and renewable energy sources for a better environment. Thermoelectric (TE) materials are able to generate electricity when applied a temperature different at a junction of two dissimilar materials. This is a promising technology to directly convert waste heat into electricity without any gas emission, thus providing one of the most clean and safe energy. However, the applications of TE devices are still limited due to its low energy conversion efficiency and high material cost. As a result, researches in TE materials are mainly focusing on the improving of efficiency and developing cheap materials.  In this paper, the fundamental, challenges and applications of thermoelectric materials were reviewed. In addition, currently research in thermoelectric materials and improving their efficiency will also be reviewed.
A THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION ON VIBRATIONAL INFRARED SPECTRA OF SinMn2+ ATOMIC CLUSTERS (n = 5-9)
Authors: Mai Nguyen Thi
Published: May 2018

Comparison between measured vibrational infrared spectra and corresponding computed ones has been used as a powerful approach to assign the ground state geometry of isolated atomic clusters. Nevertheless, the coexistence of more than one stable isomers often makes the geometrical assignment practically more challenging especially for large-size and doped species. In this study, we report the vibrational infrared spectra of most stable SinMn2+ clusters (n=5–9) using density functional theory calculations. An attempt has been made to theoretically construct infrared spectra of the investigated clusters in case of more than one stable isomers coexisting. The finding results would serve as fringerprints for further structural identification of interested clusters.
SYNTHESIS OF NANOSILICA FROM RICE HUSK AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE REMOVAL OF CRYSTAL VIOLET DYE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: Hung Nguyen Van
Published: May 2018

Nanosilica was synthesized via the hydrothermal technique, followed by the vacuum frying system at low temperature and pressure. Then, the achieved nanoparticles were used for removing of Crystal Violet dye (CV) from wastewater. The absorbent and absorption process were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF). Batch adsorption experiments were conducted under different conditions including contact time, initial concentration of dye and adsorbent dose. The kinetic study of CV dye on the nanoparticles can be well depicted theoretically by using pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
Can We Hang Our Hats on One Percent?
Authors: LeVasseur Nathalie , Gelmon Karen A.
Published: May 2018

This commentary discusses the results of a recent study assessing Ki-67 changes in residual breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
‘Decarbonising’ UK industry: towards a cleaner economy
Authors: Cooper Samuel J. G. , Hammond Geoffrey P.
Published: May 2018

Reducing industrial energy demand and improving resource efficiency could make a substantial contribution towards the UK government's goal of achieving 80% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions by 2050, while simultaneously improving productivity and creating employment opportunities. In this context, the government released its ‘Clean Growth Strategy’ in October 2017, although it has a number of limitations. The associated technology roadmaps exhibit quite large uncertainties, and reducing carbon dioxide emissions over the long term will depend critically on the adoption of a small number of key technologies, alongside the ‘decarbonisation’ of electricity supply. ‘Circular economy’ interventions have the potential to make significant energy savings that are complementary to other energy-efficiency measures. However, the task for both industrial and policy decision makers will still be challenging.
Enhanced bentonites for containment of inorganic waste leachates by GCLs
Authors: Scalia J. , Bohnhoff G. L. , Shackelford C. D. , Benson C. H. , Sample-Lord K. M. , Malusis M. A. , Likos W. J.
Published: May 2018

The sensitivity of sodium bentonite (Na-B) to adverse chemical interactions has spurred development of enhanced bentonites (EBs) for geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) that provide superior properties for containment systems. EB-GCLs are engineered to control contaminant transport by maintaining low hydraulic conductivity (k) when exposed to solutions with high ionic strength, a preponderance of divalent cations, and/or extreme pH (<2 and >12). An overview of current EB-GCL technologies is provided. Engineering properties, including k, the effective diffusion coefficient (D*), and the membrane or chemico-osmotic efficiency coefficient (ω), are summarized for EBs and compared to properties of conventional Na-B. Applicability of indicator parameters currently used to assess GCLs containing Na-B (swell index, fluid loss, and liquid limit) is evaluated for EBs. Mechanisms proven or postulated to influence the behavior of EBs are presented and discussed. EBs generally have superior transport properties (lower k, lower D*, higher ω) in elevated concentration solutions, although some bentonites amended with proprietary additives (broadly termed contaminant resistant clays, or CRCs) have been found to be similar or inferior to Na-B. Compatibility tests conducted with containment liquids are necessary to assess the transport properties of EB-GCLs for site-specific applications.
Reconsidering the Consequences of Worker Displacements: Firm versus Worker Perspective
Authors: Flaaen Aaron , Shapiro Matthew D. , Sorkin Isaac
Published: May 2018

Prior literature has established that displaced workers suffer persistent earnings losses by following workers in administrative data after mass layoffs. This literature assumes that these are involuntary separations owing to economic distress. This paper examines this assumption by matching survey data on worker-supplied reasons for separations with administrative data. Workers exhibit substantially different earnings dynamics in mass layoffs depending on the reason for separation. Using a new methodology to account for the increased separation rates across all survey responses during a mass layoff, the paper finds earnings loss estimates that are surprisingly close to those using only administrative data.
How Much Does Health Insurance Cost? Comparison of Premiums in Administrative and Survey Data
Authors: Larrimore Jeff , Splinter David
Published: May 2018

Using newly available administrative data from the Internal Revenue Service, this paper studies the distribution of employer-sponsored health insurance premiums. Previous estimates, in contrast, were almost exclusively from household surveys. After correcting for coverage limitations of the IRS data, we find that average premiums for employer-sponsored plans are roughly $1000 higher in IRS records than in the Current Population Survey. The downward bias in the CPS is largely driven by underestimating of premiums among married workers and topcoding of high premiums.
«Premature Resisters». Spanish Contribution to the French National Defence Campaignin 1939/1940
Authors: Celaya Diego Gaspar
Published: May 2018

«Premature Resisters». Spanish Contribution to the French National Defence Campaign in 1939/1940

Thousands of Spaniards actively contributed to the defence of France in 1939/1940, whether as military contractors, legionnaires or soldiers of the Regiment de Marche de Volontaires Étrangers (RMVE). This paper focuses on three elements of their contributions. First, it investigates the importance of French internment camps for Spanish refugees’ that became key recruitment grounds for soldiers and labourers. Secondly, it will analyse the importance of the French General Staff's decision to veto the creation of Spanish autonomous units within the regular French armed forces, and how this compared to the situation of Polish and Czechoslovakian volunteers. Thirdly, the declaration of war on 3 September 1939 will be highlighted as a crucial turning point for French attitudes towards the recruitment of Spanish contractors and soldiers. Despite those changes in attitude, the Spanish contribution to France's defence in 1939/1940 – and to the French resistance – was never recognised by politicians in the post-war era. This is a fourth aspect of the entangled Franco-Spanish history of the Second World War that will be analysed in this paper, thereby highlighting how the memory battles between French Gaullists and Communists, reinforced by the context of the Cold War, left little space for the commemorative inclusion of «outsiders».
Evocación a Jorge León Trujillo (1948-2017)
Authors: Ibarra Hernán
Published: May 2018

Ensayo Evocación a Jorge León Trujillo (1948-2017)
The Crisis of Multiculturalism in Latin America de David Lehmann, editor
Authors: Gutiérrez Domínguez Luis Fernando
Published: May 2018

Reseña de "The Crisis of Multiculturalism in Latin America"
Indígenas de la nación. Etnografía histórica de la alteridad (Milpa Alta, siglos XVII-XXI) de Paula López Caballero
Authors: Curiel Charlynne
Published: May 2018

Reseña de "Indígenas de la nación. Etnografía histórica de la alteridad (Milpa Alta, siglos XVII-XXI)"
Walter Benjamin, taiteen toinen tekniikka ja avantgarden kulttuuripolitiikka
Authors: Lohtaja Aleksi , Viitahuhta Taneli
Published: May 2018

This article provides a fresh look into Walter Benjamin’s famous essay, “Artwork in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction” (1936). Following Benjamin scholar Esther Leslie, we claim that Benjamin’s lesser-known concept of “second technique” is integral for understanding both the meaning of essay as well as mapping the political and artistic aims of the 1920’s avant-garde movements in general. The article is structured around two cases of avant-garde, both of which are central already for Benjamin, but remain somewhat under-theorized in connection to Benjamin. These are the Soviet constructivist film and the idea of glass construction in Weimar-era German architecture.

Keywords: Walter Benjamin, second technique of art, avantgarde, film, architecture
Tarvitseva, ulkopuolella, vailla
Authors: Laukkanen Anu , Colliander Marjukka , Teikari Anne
Published: May 2018

The principles of culture for all and diversity are central in Finnish cultural policy concerning accessibility of art and culture. Although the concept of accessibility has its roots in disability studies and activism, the accessibility of art and culture has not been articulated from the point of view of critical disability research in the international culture policy conversation. Following disability researcher Tanya Titchosky we argue that accessibility can be considered as interpretation of relations between human and the environment they live in. In our analysis of culture projects that aimed making art and culture accessible for those living in social and health care institutions, we examine what kind of interpretations about those lacking access to arts and culture were constructed in the interviews of the personnel. How were the lack of art and culture or hindrance to art and culture defined? How was art and culture made accessible and how this was rationalized?We argue, that the figure of non-participant and its lack and need for art and culture was partly constructed as a rationalization for the culture projects we studied. This figure and the values attached to it may work as an obstacle in making arts and culture more accessible because it does not allow context-specific understanding of the conditions for participation in arts and culture.

Keywords: Cultural participation, accessibility, arts for health, social and health services
Ulos tuulikaapista, kulttuuripolitiikka!
Authors: Kraatari Eliza
Published: May 2018

Tässä vuosikirjassa Anu Laukkanen, Anne Teikari ja Marjaana Colliander syventävät etäkonserttien tapausesimerkin kautta kriittisiä näkökulmia saavutettavuuteen. Artikkeli tarjoaa lukijalle pohdittavaksi muun muassa sen, onko kulttuurin saavutettavuus itse asiassa ”onnellisuusobjekti”, joka yhtäältä lupailee syrjäytysmisuhanalaisille figuureille osallisuutta yhteiskuntaan ja toisaalta tarjoilee kulttuuripalveluiden tuottajille itselleen antroposofista euforiakokemusta.Sirkku Kotilaisen ja Satu Olkkosen artikkeli puolestaan avaa mahdollisuuksia tiedon yhteiseen tekemiseen, kun dokumenttiteatterin kautta käydään kanssatutkijuuten yhdessä nuorten kanssa. Artikkelissa nousee esiin muun muassa eräiden tukijärjestelmien kontrolloivuus, jolloin näennäisen voimavaraistavat keinot voivat kääntyä itseään vastaan. Yhdessä tarkasteltuna nämä artikkelit kutsuvat arvioimaan kriittisesti kulttuuripoliittisia ihmisenä ja kansalaisena olemisen reunaehtoja: mitkä tahot määrittelevät ja miten määrittyvät vaillinaisuus, tarvitsevuus tai kykeneväisyys kulttuurisen yhteisön jäseninä ja kansalaisina? Tunkeutuvatko kulttuuripolitiikan normaalit läpi moninaisuuden diskurssin verhoista? Tähän näkökulman antaa myös Katri Talaskiven puheenvuoro Suomessa uusien kielivähemmistöjen kirjailijoista.Historiallinen näkökulma teknologisiin uutuuksiin kulttuuristen elämysten saavutettavuuden mahdollistajina antaa perspektiiviä aikamme digihuumaan. Aleksi Lohtajan ja Taneli Viitahuhdan luenta Walter Benjaminin ajatuksista taideteoksen uusinnettavuudesta paitsi tuottaa uutta näkökulmaa Benjamin-tutkimukseen myös tarjoaa analyyttista syvyyttä esteettisten kokemusten ja niiden välittämisen ymmärtämiseen. Herääkin kysymys, miten teknologiset mahdollisuudet tässä ajassa oikeastaan kohtaavat kulttuuritoimintojen käyttäjät, osallistujat. Tuottavatko ne läpinäkyvyyttä yhteiskunnallisiin ja kulttuurisiin muutoksiin vai pelkästään hymynaama-mittareita tuulikaappeihin?
Can Using a Discussion-board Enhance Writing Practice for EAP/ESL Students?
Authors: Li Fang , Liu Yingqin
Published: May 2018

This paper presents a case study from English for Academic Purpose II ESL class at a small public university in southwest Oklahoma, USA. The study explores the usefulness of using computer-assisted technology such as a discussion-board to improve ESL teaching and learning. The study set up two hypotheses: 1) Using a discussion board as a course platform can enhance reading and writing practice for EAP students, and 2) using a discussion board as a course platform can help EAP students receive more feedback for improving their reading and writing. To test the hypotheses, the researchers collected and analyzed the students’ original and revised reading reflections and peer responses to the reflections. They also held a focus group interview among the participants to understand the students’ perceptions on their reading and writing practice on the discussion board. The findings support both hypotheses. The findings show that due to some technological features of a discussion board, the EAP students obtained more additional writing opportunities than they would in a traditional classroom setting and were able to write, receive feedback, and revise more frequently and effectively. The findings also indicate that writing reading reflections and peer reviews on a discussion board motivated the EAP students to write more carefully and thoughtfully and helped them gain a sense of learning community outside the classroom.
Optimal Phonology: The Very Idea
Authors: Song Zhenjun
Published: May 2018

The epistemology, theoretical constructs and production mechanism in optimality-theoretic approaches to phonology are examined and critiqued in terms of the phenomenology of speech sounds. An understanding has been arrived at that phonological optimality is construed too narrowly. A linguistic form is optimal in that it invokes in the hearer the meaning intended by the speaker. Its occurrences in different usage events form a cloud, in which phonological abstractions take place. Phonology is thus an inventory of both concrete and abstract exemplars, with the latter immanent in the former. Due to its emphasis on constructions, Cognitive Grammar provides the means for the flesh-out of a comprehensive model for optimality-theoretical approach to phonology.
An Overview of Research on Family Language Planning
Authors: Zhao Huili
Published: May 2018

Family language planning is part of the micro-fields of linguistic policy and language planning. As for more and more children grow up in a bilingual or multilingual environment. We view the family as an important social linguistic environment. This paper briefly expounds the theory of micro language planning and focuses on the family language planning. And in this paper, the importance of family language planning, influenced factors and implications on family language planning are examined in depth. The development of foreign language education in family language planning also should be put into action positively.
Platelets aggregation under influence of immunoglobulin class G separated from the blood plasma of patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Katrii T. , Savchuk O.
Published: May 2018

Ischemic stroke provoke irreversible changes in the organism and fully recovery was not observed. Some reactivity of the haemostasis system were shoved during the acute phase of ischemic stroke as well as post few year. The idea was explored that specific autoantibody generated in the bloodstream during the acute phase and their existence in bloodstream past one year could provoke disease repetition. Fractions of immunoglobulin class G were separated: from the blood plasma of healthy donors, patients with atherothrombotic and cardioembolic ischemic stroke in acute phase of disease and the analogical fractions from the same patients one year past acute phase. The influence of the separated fractions on the process of ADF-induced healthy donor's platelets aggregation was observed. It was showed that impact of immunoglobulin class G was characterized by one-wave irreversible ADP-induced platelet aggregation. The maximum aggregation was shoved under influence of IgG fraction separated from the patients with AIS. This influence was on the 15 % more intensive in comparison with influence of IgG fraction separated from the healthy donors. One year past disease all tested IgG fractions provoked inhibition of platelets aggregation up to 25 %. The maximum inhibition of ADP-dependent healthy donor's platelets aggregation was provided by fraction separated from the patients with AIS one year past acute phase.
RITMO SAMBA COMO ESTIMULAÇÃO AUDITIVA RÍTMICA E DESEMPENHO DA MARCHA NA DOENÇA DE PARKINSON
Authors: Fragnani Samuel Geraldi , Bezerra Poliana Penasso
Published: May 2018

A estimulação auditiva rítmica tem sido utilizada para amenizar as disfunções motoras na doença de Parkinson, no entanto não são evidentes as alterações que a música popular brasileira causa nos parâmetros espaço-temporais e desempenho funcional da marcha. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o gênero musical samba durante a marcha de pacientes com doença de Parkinson em situações de dupla tarefa. Estudo de caráter transversal, descritivo e exploratório; cinco indivíduos atenderam aos critérios propostos e realizaram o Timed Up and Go Test nas situações sem música e música popular brasileira (samba) sensibilizadas com tarefas cognitivas e motoras para análise da marcha. Análise estatística descritiva e inferencial com teste de Fridman e post-hoc de Wilcoxon pareado (nível de significância de 5%). Evidenciou-se que o samba associado a uma tarefa motora reduziu a velocidade (p=0,01) e o comprimento de passos (p=0,04) quando comparados à condição de teste sem música. Ouvir música proporcionou maiores demandas atencionais, resultando na adoção de estratégias para diminuir as exigências de equilíbrio postural como a redução do comprimento do passo e velocidade e desta forma diminuir o risco de quedas em situações de duplas tarefas enquanto escuta música.
EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE NO SERVIÇO DE HEMODINÂMICA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Chaves Suellen Cristina da Silva , Brusamarello Tatiana , Huernermann Resi Rejane
Published: May 2018

Este artigo teve como objetivo conhecer as ações educativas em saúde realizadas no serviço de hemodinâmica acerca do exame de cineangiocoronariografia. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada no mês de outubro de 2016, com análise de publicações indexadas nas bases de dados: LILACS, BDENF, SCOPUS e PubMed no período de 2011 e 2016. Foram selecionados oito estudos que correspondiam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, sendo divididos em dois temas principais: déficit de conhecimento dos pacientes sobre cineangiocoronariografia e a construção do conhecimento por meio de diferentes abordagens metodológicas. Os resultados ressaltam a escassez de estudos voltados para essa temática no Brasil e a necessidade do uso de novas tecnologias metodológicas como fator de consolidação da educação em saúde no serviço de hemodinâmica.
PERCEPÇÃO DA AUTOIMAGEM CORPORAL EM DEPENDENTES DE CRACK
Authors: Balbinot Alexandre Dido , Araujo Renata Brasil
Published: May 2018

Este estudo objetivou analisar a imagem corporal, a composição corporal e fatores associados em dependentes de crack internados. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo com delineamento transversal composto por 100 sujeitos hospitalizados para desintoxicação. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados como instrumentos: ficha de dados sociodemográficos; escala de Silhuetas e avaliação antropométrica. Observou-se Índice de Massa Corporal médio de 24,01 kg/m² (±3,65), distorção da imagem de -1,48 (±1,80), e insatisfação corporal de 2,13 (±2,85). A análise estatística mostrou diferença significativa entre a imagem da silhueta real e a imagem da silhueta atual dos sujeitos (χ2=153,25; p
Exercise for Toxicity Management in Cancer—A Narrative Review
Authors: Kleckner Ian R , Dunne Richard F , Asare Matthew , Cole Calvin , Fleming Fergal , Fung Chunkit , Lin Po-Ju , Mustian Karen M
Published: May 2018

Although the treatment of cancer is more effective now than ever, patients with cancer still face acute and chronic toxicities such as fatigue, cardiotoxicity, pain, cognitive impairment, and neurotoxicity. In this narrative review, we briefly discuss the use of exercise for toxicity management in patients with cancer, biological mechanisms underlying the toxicities and the effects of exercise, barriers that patients—especially underserved patients—face in adopting and adhering to exercise programs, and new technologies to overcome barriers to exercise. Our conclusions and clinical suggestions are: (1) exercise is safe and effective for treating many toxicities; (2) patients can benefit from a variety of exercise modalities (e.g., walking, cycling, resistance bands, yoga); (3) exercise should be started as soon as possible, even before treatments begin; (4) exercise should be continued as long as possible, as a lifestyle; and (5) barriers to exercise should be identified and addressed, (e.g., continually encouraging patients to exercise, using mobile technology, advocating for safe communities that encourage active lifestyles). Future research should inform definitive clinical guidelines for the use of exercise to ameliorate toxicities from cancer and its treatment.
A study of effect of oral PGE1 and cervical PGE2 on induction of labor and mode of delivery
Authors: Mukherjee Sukanya , Valson H. , K. Balaji
Published: May 2018

Background: Induction of labor is one of the most important procedures done by the Obstetricians. Induction of labor with the help of prostaglandins offer the advantage of promoting cervical ripening along with stimulating the contractility of the myometrium.Methods: 200 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy both nulliparous and multiparous, were included in the study at term gestation (>39weeks) with Bishop’s score <6, and reactive NST. The subjects were divided in to two groups Group A including patients who were given oral PGE1 - 50 mcg Tab, and Group B with cervical PGE2, 0.5 mg, gel. The outcome indicators were recorded in both Group A and Group B and analyzed. The mean time taken from induction to vaginal delivery in Group A was 628±67 minutes and in Group B was 839±118 minutes. Incidence of LSCS in Group B when compared to Group A (p value <0.005).Results: Incidence of LSCS in Primi’s in Group B compared to Primi’s in Group A was statistically significant (p value 0.009). Non-progression of labor was observed to be the major indication for LSCS in Group B. Meconium stained labor was found to be the major indication for LSCS in Group A.Conclusions: The study concludes that using 50 mcg oral misoprostol, is an effective and safe mode of induction of labor in comparison to PGE2 gel. Vaginal deliveries are more with the use of oral misoprostol and the induction to delivery interval is also lesser than that in cervical PGE2 use.
Pattern of ileal perforation in our experience; a tertiary care centre in Eastern India
Authors: Jha Pawan Kumar , Chandran Rajnish , Jaiswal Pradeep , Kumar Anurag , Seema Kumari , Singh Digbijay Kumar , Kumar Ashwini , Kumar Mukesh
Published: May 2018

Background: Perforation peritonitis is one of the common acute abdomen admitted in emergency department for emergency laparotomy. Pattern and aetiology of ileal perforation varies from developed and developing countries where infectious diseases are still highly prevalent.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted over 3 years period in Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna. Total 118 patients were enrolled for this study after confirmation of ileal perforation on exploratory laparotomy.Results: Out of total 118 patients 52 cases (44%) were in traumatic, typhoid causes perforation in 86% (57 cases) tuberculosis in 14% (9 cases) and 66 cases (56%) were in non-traumatic group, penetrating injury is more common than blunt trauma abdomen. Males are more commonly affected than females in among all cases of ileal perforation. Patients with traumatic ileal perforation seek early medical attention as most of the patients (44%) admitted within 12 hours after accident where as in case of non-traumatic cases 53% patients admitted after 2 days. Most common operative procedure performed is Loop ileostomy in case of non-traumatic perforation (49%) and Resection and anastomosis preferred in traumatic perforation (63%). Mortality rate is about 20% in all types of perforation.Conclusions: In developing countries like India typhoid perforation is still most common cause of ileal perforation. Loop ileostomy is more preferred procedure in infectious cases but resection and anastomosis in case of traumatic perforation in our institute.
Telephone survey of inguinal hernia repair patients older than 5 years for chronic pain
Authors: Embleton Didem Baskın , Tuncer Ahmet A. , Çetinkurşun Salih
Published: May 2018

Background: Little is known about chronic pain in the inguinal region following inguinal hernia repair in children. A study was conducted to examine whether pain is an important complication of inguinal hernia surgery in children.Methods: A telephone survey was performed of former patients who had undergone inguinal hernia repair and are now older than 5 years. A questionnaire was prepared and the questions were asked by paediatric surgeons.Results: There were 66 former patients now older than 5 years old. Patients had inguinal hernia repair at between 11 days and 14 years of age (mean 3.24 years). Age during telephone survey was between 5 and 18 years (mean 7.48 years). One patient had late pain related to direct inguinal hernia occurrence (1.5%). Three patients described non-specific abdominal pain unrelated to the inguinal operation. None of the patients were taking painkillers.Conclusions: Although this is a small sample group, chronic pain does not seem to be a serious problem after inguinal hernia repair in children.