bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enduring inequalities: Fifty years of gender equality talk in the media and cultural industries
Authors: Edmond Maura
Published: February 2023

This article provides a critical overview of gender equality talk within the media, arts and cultural industries, focusing on a case study of Australian cultural policy discourse from the 1970s to 2020s. It aims to expand on existing understandings of postfeminism and popular feminism by exploring how these sensibilities have been taken up and expressed within arts and cultural policy discourse. How has the problem of the cultural gender gap previously been understood? And how has that changed in light of increased public attention to feminist concerns? While there are important differences across the decades there are also recurring notions of pragmatism, self-empowerment, resilience, vigilance and trickle-down logics – which cultivate a sense of movement without progress. By looking at policy discourses and gender equality talk through a longer lens, considering situations of feminist visibility and invisibility, acceptance and repudiation, and inequalities that are speakable and unspeakable, we see how inequalities in the creative and cultural industries come to be both enduring and endurable.
Purging the neoliberal poison? Marina Diamandis and the cultural grammar of popular left politics
Authors: Dean Jonathan
Published: February 2023

This article enquires into the discursive and affective texture of the intersections of popular culture and left/feminist politics in the current Anglo-American context. It does this primarily via a contextual reading of the recent work of Welsh/Greek pop singer Marina Diamandis (who performs under the mononym ‘Marina’), especially her 2021 single entitled ‘Purge the Poison’. Building on Sarah Banet-Weiser’s work on popular feminism, I suggest that recent years have seen the emergence within popular and commercial culture of a ‘popular left politics’ which includes – but is not limited to – popular feminism. I argue that Marina’s work – as well as its reception from fans and critics – can help us identify several constitutive features of what I call the cultural grammar of popular left politics. These include, first, a conception of knowledge as linked to the revelation of truth grounded in identity and experience; second, a projection of purity and perfectionism of self and, third, a projection of complicity onto others. I further suggest – drawing in particular on Akane Kanai’s recent work – that these features of the cultural grammar of popular left politics are testament to the centrality of neoliberalism in shaping the discursive, affective and subjective character of even ostensibly anti-neoliberal forms of politics and culture. Furthermore, in contrast to the familiar argument that neoliberalism blunts or co-opts oppositional discourses, I suggest that, in the current conjuncture, explicitly and overtly anti-neoliberal discourses are sometimes afforded a certain cachet and visibility, so long as the cultural grammar they adopt aligns with the competitive and individualistic logics of neoliberal hegemony.
Experimental study on fatigue behavior of trapezoidal rib-to-deck welded joints in orthotropic steel decks strengthened with CFRP sheets
Authors: Tong Lewei , Wang Tiantian , Yu Qitong , Zhao Xiao-Ling , Xu Xiaoming
Published: February 2023

Due to the unavoidable stress concentrations and welding defects, the trapezoidal rib-to-deck welded joints of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Decks (OSBD) are prone to fatigue cracking. It is a new exploration to apply Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets to strengthen the complex welded joints to improve the fatigue strength. In this paper, the comparative tests of un-strengthened and CFRP strengthened welded joints were carried out. The hot spot stress distribution under static load and fatigue behavior under cyclic load were studied, considering the influence of the number of CFRP sheet layers. The experimental results indicate that CFRP reinforcement can effectively reduce the stress concentrations at weld toe of the deck, and three-layers reinforcement has a greater effect than one-layer reinforcement. There was no significant difference in failure modes between the un-strengthened and CFRP strengthened welded joints. The fatigue cracks of all joints originated from weld toe of the deck, and then expanded along the width and thickness of the deck which caused the deck to break. CFRP reinforcement can significantly improve the fatigue life of trapezoidal rib-to-deck welded joints under the same nominal stress range and three-layers reinforcement presented a longer fatigue life. The S-N curve [Formula: see text] based on the hot spot stress range at weld toe of the deck was established, which can be applied to the fatigue strength design of un-strengthened and CFRP strengthened rib-to-deck welded joints. The mechanism that CFRP reinforcement can significantly improve the fatigue performance of welded joints can be concluded to less stress concentrations and slower growth rate of the crack.
‘Just a little hack’: Investigating cultures of content moderation circumvention by Facebook users
Authors: Gillett Rosalie , Gray Joanne E. , Valdovinos Kaye D. Bondy
Published: February 2023

As social media platforms adapt their rules to limit the presence, spread, and amplification of harmful content on their services, users develop strategies to circumvent content moderation policies. To better understand cultures of content moderation circumvention, including the types of rules that Facebook users seek to circumvent, we analysed a sample of YouTube videos and Reddit threads in which users discuss content moderation circumvention. We show how Facebook users turn to others across platforms to obtain information about circumvention methods. We observe that these users often discuss overcoming Facebook’s content moderation policies in terms that downplay the significance of their intended actions. We suggest that where Facebook’s policies and enforcement measures fail to deter rule violations that may facilitate harm, Facebook should consider new culture-driven approaches to platform governance that foster prosocial environments and engender compliance with platform rules.
Enhancing social connectedness: How adults with vision impairment perceive and use social media in Nigeria
Authors: Meribe Nnaemeka Chidiebere , Bassey Emmanuel Ita , Bassey Anthony Ekpo , Ellison Caroline
Published: February 2023

As the number of social media users continues to increase globally, it is important to explore the experiences of different segments of users. While research on social media use by people with vision impairment is growing, lacking is research in this area in Nigeria. This qualitative study describes the lived experiences and perceptions of social media use among Nigerian adults with vision impairment, using a transcendental approach. Findings showed that people with vision impairment experienced a reduction in social connectedness due to their vision impairment, but those who used social media were able to enhance social connectedness, increase social interaction, develop social relationships and expand their social networks. Participants described social media as a good medium for learning and education as it enabled ready access to information. Results indicated that supporting adults with vision impairment experiencing reduced social connectedness to engage with social media could help improve their social well-being.
“Confronting time out of joint. . . – On economic rationality and imagination”
Authors: Stypinska Diana
Published: February 2023

It is often suggested that today we are living in the “end times.” Confronted by a perpetual incursion of major global crises, we increasingly find ourselves incapable of meaningfully relating to the present, let alone to the future. The forever deferred “end” throws the very idea of time out of joint. Unable to advance, our imagination retreats, with retrograde tendencies taking over both culture and politics. From incessant movie prequels and sequels, through the re-emergence of populist fascist politics, all the way to the return of Cold War rhetoric, we witness our reality becoming increasingly substituted by a string of peculiar rehashings and reunions. History, as we knew it, is no longer “made”; we strain to cling to the past, equating the future with dystopia. Crucially, this problematique of the fading of temporality is not new. In fact, it has got a history of its own. This paper explores our current (a)temporal whereabouts by reflecting upon them from the perspective of their historical trajectory. It does this by revisiting the work of André Gorz—a thinker whose contributions equip us with the insights needed to confront time out of joint effectively and embrace the idea of future. The article argues that the roots of today’s temporal malaise can be found in the process of “economicization,” which subordinated the notion of utopia to its principles, thereby nullifying it. Examining the effects of the unbridled reign of economic rationality over our imagination, it calls for a temporal intervention by means of ecological rationality.
A Scoping Review of Nonconsensual Condom Removal (“Stealthing”) Research
Authors: Davis Kelly Cue , Hammett Julia F. , Chen Weiqi , Stewart Robin , Kirwan Mitchell
Published: February 2023

Nonconsensual condom removal (NCCR; also known as “stealthing”) involves the removal of a condom before or during sexual intercourse without a partner’s sexual consent. Within the past several years, nations across the globe have codified NCCR as a form of sexual violence penalized by civil and/or criminal penalties. Given the recent legal attention to this behavior, we performed a scoping review of the peer-reviewed, empirical, English-language studies conducted on NCCR in order to summarize the current state of this field of research. Our scoping review yielded 27 articles meeting study inclusion criteria. Data on NCCR victimization and perpetration prevalence rates and correlates, as well as perceptions of NCCR, were extracted. The majority of the reviewed studies were conducted within the past 5 years and pertained to NCCR victimization. Rates of NCCR victimization ranged from 7.9% to 43.0% for women and 5.0% to 19.0% for men who have sex with men; rates of NCCR perpetration ranged from 5.1% to 9.8% for men and 0% for women. NCCR correlates included sociodemographic variables, relationship type, psychological factors, and sexual health concerns. Perceptions of NCCR were largely negative. The nascent field of NCCR research provides empirical evidence from several countries regarding concerning rates of NCCR. Building upon this foundation, continued research regarding NCCR is imperative. Studies that further delineate NCCR prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes would provide critical information beneficial to the development of evidence-based prevention and intervention programs targeting reductions in NCCR.
Process Evaluation of a Collaborative Social Media Health Campaign: An Analysis of Partner and User Engagement
Authors: Hether Heather J. , O’Connor-Coates Elizabeth , Crittendon Robyn
Published: February 2023

Collaborative health promotion campaigns are advantageous because they extend the resources and reach of any single organization. Yet, they can be challenging because they require partner commitment and compromise. On social media, however, these campaigns are especially beneficial due to the high demand for ongoing content that facilitates user engagement. This study is a content analysis of an annual collaborative campaign, Preteen Vaccine Week, conducted by the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) to promote preteen immunizations. Campaign partners are encouraged to use creative assets provided by CDPH and to follow a themed content calendar. Message characteristics and audience engagement were evaluated for 2 years of the campaign (2019–2020). Results indicate that when there was a specific health issue scheduled as the daily theme, 85% of posts reflected that health topic. However, when the theme was general awareness, only 15% of posts aligned. Furthermore, the majority of posts included supplemental audiovisual assets of which nearly half were provided by CDPH. These findings suggest partners attempted to work together. Analyses of message characteristics indicate there was little effort to encourage online user engagement; however, a majority of messages included a call-to-action. These findings indicate that health organizations continue to use social media much like they use mass media: for information dissemination and behavioral recommendations.
Cognitive and Behavioral Impacts of Two Decision-Support Modes for Judgmental Bootstrapping
Authors: Marois Alexandre , Labonté Katherine , Lafond Daniel , Neyedli Heather F. , Tremblay Sébastien
Published: February 2023

The Cognitive Shadow is a decision-support system that uses policy capturing to model human operators’ judgment policies and provide online predictions of their decisions. The system can provide support in reaction to a decision mismatch (shadowing mode) or proactively (recommendation mode). The goal of this study was to compare these two modes of operation in their ability to effectively model and support decision-making and to examine impacts on information processing, workload, and trust. Participants took part in an aircraft threat evaluation simulation without decision support or with the Cognitive Shadow (either shadowing or recommendation mode). Dwell time was collected over different areas of the user interface. While the recommendation mode had no advantage over the control group, the shadowing mode resulted in greater human and model accuracy. This mode led to longer dwell time over the parameters zone presenting key information for decision-making. These benefits were maintained even after the tool was removed. Workload was unaffected by the mode, and while trust was initially higher in the recommendation mode, it quickly became equivalent between both modes, overall supporting shadowing as the better configuration for cognitive assistance. Results are discussed in terms of decision processes, operators support, and automation bias.
The study of correlations among the process condition, structure and property for poly(l-lactide) fibers
Authors: Zhang Huixian , Bai Hongwei , Wang Nan , Zhang Qin , Fu Qiang
Published: February 2023

This article focus on derive the process-structure-property relationship of Poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) fibers prepared by two-step melt spinning process. The spinning temperature, spinning rate, drawing temperature as well as draw ratio were studied to analyze the influence of process variables on the structure and properties of PLLA fibers. It suggests that the crystallinity, lamellar orientation structure and mechanical properties of fibers are dependent on the spinning conditions, including melt-spinning and hot-drawing process. An approximate linear correlation resulted between the orientation degree and tensile strength of PLLA fibers, which means that the oriented structure plays a dominant role to enhance PLLA fibers. PLLA fibers with high performance of 499 MPa and 5.30 GPa in tensile strength and Young’s modulus separately have been realized by the selected spinning parameters. The results provide a theoretical direction for enhancing PLLA fibers by adjusting the structure characteristic via modifying the spinning parameters.
Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy for limb graft occlusion after endovascular aneurysm repair: Results of a case series
Authors: Chaudhuri Arindam , Abisi Said , Badawy Ayman
Published: February 2023

Objective

Limb graft occlusion (LGO) is a recognised complication after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). We present outcomes of a case series of LGO treated by percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT).

Methods

Six male patients (mean age 70.5 ± 7.5 years) presented with LGO after EVAR ( n = 4), fenestrated EVAR with an iliac branch device ( n = 1), branched EVAR ( n = 1). Median time to occlusion was 28.5(IQR 90) weeks; all occlusions were unilateral. The presenting symptom was intermittent claudication ( n = 4), chronic limb-threatening ischaemia ( n = 1) or acute limb ischaemia ( n = 1). PMT was undertaken using the 10F Rotarex Rotational Excisional Atherectomy System (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, USA) with optional stenting/reline of the affected limb.

Results

LGO was cleared in all 6 cases by PMT with limb stenting ( n = 4)/limb reline ( n = 2)/outflow stenting ( n = 2). Post-operatively, novel oral anticoagulant therapy supplemented prior antiplatelet therapy in all cases. Length of stay was 2 (IQR 19) days. All cleared limbs remain patent at median 15 (IQR 185) weeks follow-up.

Conclusion

This case series indicates that percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy is associated with high technical success rates and subsequent acceptable ensuing short-to-midterm patency. This approach is a valid alternative to surgical interventions in such cases, and represents our primary approach when LGO is encountered after EVAR.
Persevering professionals: dilemmas of relationships and self-determination in work with people with intellectual disability – a multi-method study based on interpersonal process recall
Authors: Husabø Mari , Mæhle Magne , Råheim Målfrid , Øien Aud Marie
Published: February 2023

The article focuses on social educators’ reflections on their own professional practice in encounters with people with intellectual disability receiving services. Drawing on Interpersonal Process Recall, a video-assisted method, together with a focus group interview, the study explores the experiences from in-situ encounters of five social educators employed in a Norwegian municipality. The key findings are that they view relationship-building as integral to their work, they grant primacy to the ideal of autonomy and they strive towards realizing this in their daily work. The study however displays how these emphases might lead to dilemmas, especially between the wish to support the service users’ self-determination and the urge to protect them from harm. Of special note was how the service users’ increasing use of social media was perceived as a particular challenge for social educators, who were left with an experience of being unable to protect.
Evolution of match performance parameters in elite men's handball 2012–2022
Authors: Pascual Alex , Font Roger , Pascual Xavier , Lago-Peñas Carlos
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to quantify longitudinal changes in the games of the 6 Men’s European Handball Championship (EHC) celebrated between 2012 and 2022. A total of 563 match observations were examined. Specifically, the study contained the Number of Goals, Number of Attacks, Number of Shots, Number of Saves, Offensive Efficacy (Number of Goals/Number of Attacks × 100) and Defensive Efficacy (100 − Offensive Efficacy of the Opponent). Data were examined using the Kruskal–Wallis test and linear regression analysis. Results suggest that the number of goals remained relatively constant from 2012 to 2022. However, the number of attacks, shots, saves and defensive efficacy decreased, while offensive efficacy increased. These findings can contribute to a better understanding of how handball is evolving from a structural or tactical viewpoint.
Plasma extracellular vesicle tau, β-amyloid, and α-synuclein and the progression of Parkinson’s disease: a follow-up study
Authors: Chan Lung , Chung Chen-Chih , Hsieh Yi-Chen , Wu Ruey-Meei , Hong Chien-Tai
Published: February 2023

Background:

Plasma extracellular vesicle (EV) contents are promising biomarkers of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The pathognomonic proteins of PD, including α-synuclein, tau, and β-amyloid, are altered in people with PD (PwP) and are associated with clinical presentation in previous cross-sectional studies. However, the dynamic changes in these plasma EV proteins in PwP and their correlation with clinical progression remain unclear.

Objective:

We investigated the dynamic changes in plasma EV α-synuclein, tau, and β-amyloid and their correlation with/prediction of clinical progression in PwP.

Design:

A cohort study.

Methods:

In total, 103 PwP and 37 healthy controls (HCs) completed baseline assessment and 1-year follow-up. Clinical assessments included Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) parts II and III, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Plasma EVs were isolated, and immunomagnetic reduction-based immunoassay was used to assess α-synuclein, tau, and β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-42) levels within the EVs.

Results:

Compared with HCs, significant differences were noted in the annual changes in all three EV pathognomonic proteins in PwP. Although the absolute changes in plasma EV pathognomonic proteins did not significantly correlate with clinical changes, PwP with elevated baseline plasma EV tau (upper-half) levels demonstrated significantly greater decline in motor and cognition, and increased plasma EV α-synuclein levels were associated with postural instability and the gait disturbance motor subtype. For PwP with elevated levels of all three biomarkers, clinical deterioration was significant, as indicated by UPDRS-II scores, postural instability and gait disturbance subscores of UPDRS-III, and MMSE score.

Conclusion:

The combination of plasma EV α-synuclein, tau, and Aβ1-42 may identify PwP with a high risk of deterioration. Our findings can elucidate the interaction between these pathognomonic proteins, and they may serve as treatment response markers and can be applied in treatment approaches for disease modification.
Sociopolitical Values as the Deep Culture in Culturally-Competent Psychotherapy
Authors: Redding Richard E. , Cobb Cory
Published: February 2023

Although the consideration of client and therapist values is thought to be a core component of culturally-competent psychotherapy, sociopolitical attitudes and values (SPAVs) have been almost entirely neglected in the cultural competence literature. On the basis of research over the last several decades in behavior genetics, neuroscience, and personality and social psychology, we argue that SPAVs often play a substantial role in people’s self-concept, behaviors, relationships, and life choices. Thus, cultural competence requires that therapists consider the ways in which the SPAVs of the client and therapist, and the interaction between them, can affect therapeutic processes and outcomes. We provide recommendations for taking SPAVs into account in clinical practice, training, and research.
Do the Choice of Fusion Construct With and Without Autograft Influence the Fusion and Complication Rates in Patients Undergoing 1 or 2-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Surgery? A PRISMA-Compliant Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Muthu Sathish , Viswanathan Vibhu Krishnan , Rodrigues-Pinto Ricardo , Cabrera Juan P. , Ćorluka Stipe , Martin Christopher T. , Collins Michael J. , Agarwal Neha , Wu Yabin , Wang Jeffrey C. , Meisel Hans Jörg , Buser Zorica ,   AO Spine Knowledge Forum Degenerative
Published: February 2023

Study Design

Network meta-analysis.

Objectives

To compare the fusion outcome and complications of different 1 or 2-level anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) constructs performed with and without the application of autografts.

Methods

We performed an independent and duplicate search in electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus for relevant articles published between 2000 and 2020. We included comparative studies reporting fusion rate and complications with and without the use of autografts in ACDF across 5 different fusion constructs. A network meta-analysis was performed in Stata, categorized based on the type of fusion constructs utilized. Fusion constructs were ranked based on p-score approach and surface under cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) scores. The confidence of results from the analysis was appraised with Cochrane’s CINeMA approach.

Results

A total of 2216 patients from 22-studies including 6 Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and 16 non-RCTs were included in network analysis. The mean age of included patients was 49.3 (±3.62) years. Based on our meta-analysis, we could conclude that use of autograft in 1- or 2-level ACDF did not affect the fusion and mechanical implant-related complications. The final fusion and mechanical complication rates were also not significantly different across the different fusion constructs. The use of plated constructs was associated with a significant increase in post-ACDF dysphagia rates [OR 3.42; 95%CI (.01,2.45)], as compared to stand-alone constructs analysed.

Conclusion

The choice of fusion constructs and use of autografts does not significantly affect the fusion and overall complication rates following 1 or 2-level ACDF surgery.
Impact of Shareholders’ Activism on the Performance of Banks in India: A Panel Data Application
Authors: Rastogi Shailesh , Singh Kuldeep , Kanoujiya Jagjeevan
Published: February 2023

There is a widespread uncertainty regarding the usefulness of shareholder activism (SA) as a part of corporate governance for firms and banks. SA has wide acceptance across the board among all the stakeholders’ participation. Since banks are the backbone of any economy, any endeavor (support to SA) creating difficulty may boomerang. Such actions do more harm than good; therefore, it is imperative to determine whether SA is beneficial to the banks or not. In this study, the SA index is built for Indian banks. The data relating to bank performance and valuation is gathered for 2016–2019. Panel data econometrics is applied to determine the impact of SA on banks performance. Results reveal that SA impacts bank performance. Furthermore, transparency and disclosure significantly moderates the association of SA with the performance. However, SA is not impacting bank valuation. It is a unique study of its kind to provide insights on SA for the banking sector.
Internal Branding: Connecting Links to Establish Employees’ Brand Behaviour in Hospitality Sector
Authors: Gulati Chanda , Mathur Garima , Upadhyay Yogesh
Published: February 2023

Brand creation is accepted as a competitive strategy providing the organization with an edge to win over others. The service brand mainly relies on the employees of the organization for sharing the brand’s reality with the customers. Assuming this interaction between the internal and external branding help in building a successful brand, this study explores the effect of internal branding practices. The article aims to establish the relationship among communication & training, congruence, leadership, brand internalization, brand attitudes and behaviours. A sample of 200 hotel employees was collected using questionnaire technique from Central India. Further using Smart PLS3, the hypotheses have been tested. The study revealed a significant effect of communication & training, congruence and leadership on brand loyalty through brand internalization. The findings also indicated the effect of brand loyalty on brand citizenship behaviour, wherein brand citizenship behaviour improves employees’ intention to stay. Thus, the organization should revaluate the internal branding practices to cultivate better work environment for engendering brand building outcomes and inculcating brand aligned attitudes and behaviours among the employees.
Assessing Factors Influencing Female Entrepreneurship Intentions and Behaviour
Authors: Alomar Jawaher A.
Published: February 2023

There has been an increasing level of interest in female entrepreneurship across the world in recent times. Female entrepreneurship represents a significant aspect of economic growth, particularly in developing countries, leading to job opportunities, socio-economic growth, prospects of innovation, poverty reduction, etc. Nevertheless, despite the growing awareness of its prominence, the research in this area has received limited attention in the entrepreneurship literature. While traditional cultural norms have been inclined to hinder Saudi women’s engagement in entrepreneurship, this country has seen several successful female entrepreneurs. However, although the Saudi government is creating more programmes to encourage women to become entrepreneurs, only a few have taken advantage of this initiative. Moreover, only a limited number of research studies have analysed the impact of the key factors influencing female entrepreneurs’ intention to start their own ventures. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the constructs that affect Saudi female students’ intentions to start a new business after professional degree programmes. The paper proposes an integrated model of the theory of planned behaviour and an entrepreneurship event model, validated with data collected from one of the larger Saudi public universities.
My Favorite Assignment—A Storm Surge of Teaching Innovations
Authors: Whalen D. Joel , Drehmer Charles
Published: February 2023

This article presents a curated collection of 10 teaching innovations debued at the Association for Business Communication’s 87th annual meeting held in Tampa, Florida, USA, and online October 2022. This My Favorite Assignment 27th edition introduces readers to classroom-ready ideas to help students gain personal and professional development, and a host of fresh assignment topics designed to inviggorate both classic and new assignments. Teaching support materials—instructions to students, stimulus materials, slides, grading rubrics, frequently asked questions, Internet links, and sample student projects—are downloadable from the Association for Business Communication and DePaul University Center for Sales Leadership websites.
The Impact of the Pandemic on Poor Urban Neighborhoods: A Participatory Action Research Study of a “Favela” in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Fahlberg Anjuli , Martins Cristiane , de Andrade Mirian , Costa Sophia , Portela Jacob
Published: February 2023

The pandemic provoked by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) devastated poor urban neighborhoods across the world, particularly in the Global South, although empirical data on this remain limited. In this article, the authors present data collected through a mixed-methods, participatory action research approach on the impacts of the pandemic in Cidade de Deus, a “favela,” or poor informal settlement, in Rio de Janeiro. The authors find that the indirect consequences of COVID-19, in particular economic and mental health problems, were experienced as more severe than the direct effects of the virus itself, despite high rates of infection and mortality. The study also revealed that residents relied heavily on one another through local systems of mutual aid to address immediate crises. These findings suggest that the pandemic provoked a complex and diverse set of challenges and actions in the economic, social, physical, and mental spheres of poor urban neighborhoods.
How Parental Internal Migration within China Affects the Aspirations of Left-Behind and Migrant Children: From Comparative and Multidimensional Perspectives
Authors: Chen Zhenxiang
Published: February 2023

The author explores how parents’ internal migration within China affects their children’s socioeconomic aspirations and extends previous research by (1) comparing left-behind and migrant children, (2) considering multidimensional aspirations, and (3) testing mechanisms that explain the effects of parents’ migration on their children’s aspirational pathways. The first finding is that left-behind and migrant children have higher migratory aspirations than rural children. However, left-behind and migrant children do not differ from rural children in terms of occupational aspirations. The multidimensional perspective revealed that migrant children do not want mid-status or high-status occupations in smaller cities; rather, they prefer traditional rural-to-urban labor migration pathways, working in low-status occupations in big cities. Finally, the findings verified that most of the hypothesized mechanisms cannot explain the effects of parental migration. The persistence of the effects of parental migration on migrant children suggests that institutional mechanisms may exist to explain the effects.
Anatomic Shoulder Arthroplasty in the Setting of Concurrent or Prior Rotator Cuff Repair: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gorica Zylyftar , McFarland Kimberly , O’Neill Conor N. , Vanderbeck Jennifer , Vap Alexander R.
Published: February 2023

Background

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is the gold standard in management of osteoarthritis (OA) in the setting of rotator cuff pathology. However, there are significant complications associated with the procedure. An alternative option in the setting of a deficient rotator cuff may be to perform a repair prior to or concurrently with an anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA).

Methods

A systematic review was performed utilizing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to evaluate outcomes in aTSA with concomitant or prior rotator cuff repair (RCR). Key outcomes were complication rate and subjective outcome scores.

Results

Seven studies were included in the review. One study found a higher rate of total adverse events in the prior repair group (17% vs 7%, P = .01) while others found no significant difference. There was a nonstatistically significant increase in revision rates among patients with larger tears at time of repair. Prior repair groups were associated with a higher rate of re-tear in one study (13% vs 1%, P = .014). Concomitant repair was associated with a higher rate of loosening. In patients with prior repair, there was no statistical difference in strength, range of motion (ROM), simple shoulder test (SST), Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES), and visual analogue scale (VAS). In patients with concurrent repair, one study demonstrated a less drastic improvement in Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) in “moderate” repairs as opposed to “good” repairs.

Conclusions

Anatomic TSA is an appropriate treatment for glenohumeral OA in patients with a prior successful RCR and in younger patients with concurrent repair of small or medium tears.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Factors of noncompliance with prescribed eye drops in patients undergoing cataract surgery
Authors: Nouraeinejad Ali
Published: February 2023

In the face of enormous evidence supporting the significance of using prescribed eye drops before and after cataract surgery, noncompliance is still a common issue. Improvements in cataract surgical procedures with no dedication to support patients throughout their pre-operative management and post-operative recovery deliver low-quality healthcare and may lead to substantial harm to the patient and the public. Therefore, it is vital for clinicians to carefully address the factors of noncompliance with prescribed eye drops and then educate their patients regarding this. This article provides full details of the factors affecting noncompliance with prescribed eye drops in patients undergoing cataract surgery.
Why Social (Political, Economic, Cultural, Ecological) Determinants of Health? Part 1: Background of a Contested Construct
Authors: Muntaner Carles , Benach Joan
Published: February 2023

This article is the first half of a 2-part essay on the Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) as a field of scientific inquiry and theoretical framework, exploring its historical roots, current applications, and the controversies that surround it. Part 1 (this article) discusses the background and rationale of the SDOH framework, whilst part 2 (forthcoming) will analyze the current alternatives to this framework. The authors analyze the debate surrounding the contested term “social” in the field of health equity, through a clarification of the terms “social” and “social systems” and providing an alternative model through realist semantics and ethics. Despite the misunderstandings of the term “social,” the authors argue that SDOH remains a useful umbrella term to capture the political, economic, cultural, and ecological determinants of health. Through this essay, the authors outline the reasons behind our decision to change this journal's title from International Journal of Health Services to International Journal of Social Determinants of Health and Health Services.
Effective bridging therapy can improve CD19 CAR-T outcomes while maintaining safety in patients with large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Roddie Claire , Neill Lorna , Osborne Wendy , Iyengar Sunil , Tholouli Eleni , Irvine David , Chaganti Sridhar , Besley Caroline , Bloor Adrian , Jones Ceri , Uttenthal Ben , Johnson Rod , Sanderson Robin , Cheok Kathleen , Marzolini Maria , Townsend William , O'Reilly Maeve , Kirkwood Amy A. , Kuhnl Andrea
Published: February 2023

The impact of bridging therapy (BT) on CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CD19CAR-T) outcomes in large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) is poorly characterized. Current practice is guided through physician preference rather than established evidence. Identification of effective BT modalities and factors predictive of response could improve both CAR-T intention to treat and clinical outcomes. We assessed BT modality and response in 375 adult patients with LBCL in relation to outcomes after axicabtagene ciloleucel (Axi-cel) or tisagenlecleucel (Tisa-cel) administration. The majority of patients received BT with chemotherapy (57%) or radiotherapy (17%). We observed that BT was safe for patients, with minimal morbidity or mortality. We showed that complete or partial response to BT conferred a 42% reduction in disease progression and death after CD19CAR-T therapy. Multivariate analysis identified several factors associated with likelihood of response to BT, including response to last line therapy, the absence of bulky disease, and the use of polatuzumab-containing chemotherapy regimens. Our data suggested that complete or partial response to BT may be more important for Tisa-cel than for Axi-cel, because all patients receiving Tisa-cel with less than partial response to BT experienced frank relapse within 12 months of CD19CAR-T infusion. In summary, BT in LBCL should be carefully planned toward optimal response and disease debulking, to improve patient outcomes associated with CD19CAR-T. Polatuzumab-containing regimens should be strongly considered for all suitable patients, and failure to achieve complete or partial response to BT before Tisa-cel administration may prompt consideration of further lines of BT where possible.
Risk of COVID-19 infection in long-term survivors of blood or marrow transplantation: a BMTSS report
Authors: Johnston Emily E. , Meng Qingrui , Hageman Lindsey , Wu Jessica , Ross Elizabeth , Lim Shawn , Balas Nora , Bosworth Alysia , Te Hok Sreng , Francisco Liton , Bhatia Ravi , Forman Stephen J. , Wong F. Lennie , Armenian Saro H. , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Landier Wendy , Bhatia Smita
Published: February 2023

There is limited information regarding COVID-19 in long-term blood or marrow transplant (BMT) survivors. We leveraged the BMT Survivor Study (BMTSS) to address this gap. BMTSS included patients who underwent BMT at 1 of 3 sites in the United States between 1974 and 2014 and survived ≥2 years after BMT. A sibling cohort serves as a non-BMT comparison group. Participants (2430 BMT survivors; 780 non-BMT participants) completed the BMTSS survey between October 2020 and November 2021 about COVID-19 testing, risk mitigation behaviors, morbidity, and health care use. Median age at BMT was 46 years (range, 0-78 years) and median follow-up since BMT was 14 years (6-46 years); 76% were non-Hispanic White, 54% had received allogeneic BMT. The risk of COVID-19 infection was comparable for BMT survivors vs non-BMT participants (15-month cumulative incidence, 6.5% vs 8.1%; adjusted odd ratio [aOR] = 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-1.33; P = .68). Among survivors, being unemployed (aOR 1.90; 95% CI, 1.12-3.23; P = .02; reference: retired) increased the odds of infection; always wearing a mask in public was protective (aOR = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.31-0.77; P = .002; reference: not always masking). When compared with COVID-positive non-BMT participants, COVID-positive BMT survivors had higher odds of hospitalization (aOR = 2.23; 95% CI, 0.99-5.05; P = .05); however, the odds of emergency department visits were comparable (aOR = 1.60; 95% CI = 0.71-3.58; P = .25). COVID-19 infection status did not increase the odds of hospitalization among BMT survivors (aOR = 1.32; 95% CI = 0.89-1.95; P = .17) but did increase the odds of emergency department visits (aOR = 2.63; 95% CI, 1.74-3.98; P <.0001). These findings inform health care providers about the management of care for long-term BMT survivors during the ongoing pandemic.
Sequencing and analysis of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Toona sinensis and Toona ciliata reveal evolutionary features of Toona
Authors: Li Youli , Gu Min , Liu Xuanzhe , Lin Jianna , Jiang Huier , Song Huiyun , Xiao Xingcui , Zhou Wei
Published: February 2023

Background

Toonais a critical genus in the Meliaceae, and the plants of this group are an asset for both restorative and restorative purposes, the most flexible of which areToona sinensisandToona ciliata. To concentrate on the advancement of mitochondrial(Mt) genome variety inT.sinensisandT.ciliata, the Mt genomes of the two species were sequenced in high throughput independently, after de novo assembly and annotation to construct a Mt genome map for comparison in genome structure. Find their repetitive sequences and analyze them in comparison with the chloroplast genome, along with Maximum-likelihood(ML) phylogenetic analysis with 16 other relatives.

Results

(1) T. sinensisandT.ciliataare both circular structures with lengths of 683482 bp and 68300 bp, respectively. They share a high degree of similarity in encoding genes and have AT preferences. All of them have the largest Phe concentration and are the most frequently used codons. (2) Both of their Mt genome are highly preserved in terms of structural and functional genes, while the main variability is reflected in the length of tRNA, the number of genes, and the value of RSCU. (3)T. siniensisandT. ciliatawere detected to have 94 and 87 SSRs, respectively, of which mononucleotides accounted for the absolute proportion. Besides, the vast majority of their SSRs were found to be poly-A or poly-T. (4)10 and 11 migrating fragments were identified in the comparison with the chloroplast genome, respectively. (5) In the ML evolutionary tree,T.sinensisandT.ciliataclustered individually into a small branch with 100% support, reflecting two species ofToonaare very similarly related to each other.

Conclusions

This research provides a basis for the exploitation ofT.sinensisandT.ciliatain terms of medicinal, edible, and timber resources to avoid confusion; at the same time, it can explore the evolutionary relationship between theToonaand related species, which does not only have an important practical value, but also provides a theoretical basis for future hybrid breeding of forest trees, molecular markers, and evolutionary aspects of plants, which has great scientific significance.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the key pathways and candidate genes involved in salt stress responses in Cymbidium ensifolium leaves
Authors: Li Xiang , Liu Lanlan , Sun Shixian , Li Yanmei , Jia Lu , Ye Shili , Yu Yanxuan , Dossa Komivi , Luan Yunpeng
Published: February 2023

Background

Cymbidium ensifolium L. is known for its ornamental value and is frequently used in cosmetics. Information about the salt stress response of C. ensifolium is scarce. In this study, we reported the physiological and transcriptomic responses of C. ensifolium leaves under the influence of 100 mM NaCl stress for 48 (T48) and 96 (T96) hours.

Results

Leaf Na+ content, activities of the antioxidant enzymes i.e., superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and ascorbate peroxidase, and malondialdehyde content were increased in salt-stressed leaves of C. ensifolium. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a relatively high number of genes were differentially expressed in CKvsT48 (17,249) compared to CKvsT96 (5,376). Several genes related to salt stress sensing (calcium signaling, stomata closure, cell-wall remodeling, and ROS scavenging), ion balance (Na+ and H+), ion homeostasis (Na+/K+ ratios), and phytohormone signaling (abscisic acid and brassinosteroid) were differentially expressed in CKvsT48, CKvsT96, and T48vsT96. In general, the expression of genes enriched in these pathways was increased in T48 compared to CK while reduced in T96 compared to T48. Transcription factors (TFs) belonging to more than 70 families were differentially expressed; the major families of differentially expressed TFs included bHLH, NAC, MYB, WRKY, MYB-related, and C3H. A Myb-like gene (CenREV3) was further characterized by overexpressing it in Arabidopsis thaliana. CenREV3’s expression was decreased with the prolongation of salt stress. As a result, the CenREV3-overexpression lines showed reduced root length, germination %, and survival % suggesting that this TF is a negative regulator of salt stress tolerance.

Conclusion

These results provide the basis for future studies to explore the salt stress response-related pathways in C. ensifolium.
Genome-wide identification and characterisation of bHLH transcription factors in Artemisia annua
Authors: Chang Shuwei , Li Qi , Huang Baokang , Chen Wansheng , Tan Hexin
Published: February 2023

Background

A. annua(also namedArtemisia annua, sweet wormwood) is the main source of the anti-malarial drug artemisinin, which is synthesised and stored in its trichomes. Members of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors (TFs) have been implicated in artemisinin biosynthesis inA. annuaand in trichome development in other plant species.

Results

Here, we have systematically identified and characterised 226 putative bHLH TFs inA. annua. All of the proteins contain a HLH domain, 213 of which also contain the basic motif that mediates DNA binding of HLH dimers. Of these, 22 also contained a Myc domain that permits dimerisation with other families of TFs; only two proteins lacking the basic motif contained a Myc domain. Highly conserved GO annotations reflected the transcriptional regulatory role of the identified TFs, and suggested conserved roles in biological processes such as iron homeostasis, and guard cell and endosperm development. Expression analysis revealed that three genes (AabHLH80,AabHLH96, andAaMyc-bHLH3) exhibited spatiotemporal expression patterns similar to genes encoding key enzymes in artemisinin synthesis.

Conclusions

This comprehensive analysis of bHLH TFs provides a new resource to direct further analysis into key molecular mechanisms underlying and regulating artemisinin biosynthesis and trichome development, as well as other biological processes, in the key medicinal plantA. annua.