bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of harvest time of paddy on milled rice yield and broken kernels
Authors: Ilieva V. N. Markova Ruzdik , Markova Ruzdik N. , Vulcheva D. , Mihajlov Lj. , Ilievski M.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal harvest time to achieve maximum milled rice yield and quality of white rice in some newly introduced Italian rice varieties grown under agro-ecological conditions in the region of Kocani town, Republic of North Macedonia. During the 2014 and 2015, fourteen rice varieties were cultivated to estimate the milled rice yield and broken kernels from three different harvest times. From each rice variety, samples with moisture content between 20-22% (I variant), 18-20% (II variant) and 16-18% (III variant) were taken. From the third harvest variant the highest percentage of milled rice yield (65.23%) was obtained but also the highest rate of broken kernels (12.79%). From the remaining two harvests, almost identical milled rice yields were received (64.19% from the first variant and 64.33% from the second variant), but in terms of broken kernels, there were significant differences. The optimum moisture content during the harvest in order to obtain maximum yield and quality of milled rice ranged from 18% to 20%. The varieties Arsenal, Sprint and Mirko had the most favorable values for milled rice yield and broken kernels.
Technology adoption in maize farming: a comparative analysis between improved seed users and local seed users of Argakachi district of Nepal
Authors: Adhikari S. , Dahal B.R. , Bist V.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Maize is one of the top agricultural commodities that has great share in the Agricultural Government Development Plan of Nepal. Despite being a major crop, productivity of maize is quite lower than global average. In this context, a study was undertaken to determine the extent of technology adoption between improved and local seed users of Arghakhanchi district of Nepal. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was administered among 120 randomly selected farmers during the month of January 2018. The extent of technology adoption was measured on sowing time, seed replacement, variety change, seed rate, application of fertilizer, weeding and plant protection. The empirical evidence suggested that, extent of technology adoption and benefit cost ratio were magnificently higher for improved seed users than local seed users. So, there is still a gigantic scope to improve maize productivity in the area by adoption of recommended technology of maize farming. The probability of adoption of recommended technology (improved seed) for maize farming was found to be higher for those with access to extensive service. Overall, our study pointed out that extension facility is a key strategy to make famers aware of the new technologies and a crucial factor to increase the chance of adoption.
Economics analysis of rice marketing in Mubi North Local Government Area
of Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Zalkuwi J.
Published: January 2020

bstract. The purpose of the study was to make an economic analysis of rice marketing in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Rice marketing system, constraints associated with cost and return of rice marketing and problem of rice marketing were examined. A total of 60 respondents were selected using multi-stage random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was designed in line with the objective of the study and administered by means of interview scheduled in generating the data analyzed. Both descriptive (frequency, tables and percentages) and inferential statistics (profitability analysis, total cost and return) were employed to the analyzed the data. The result of the analysis showed that the major form of processed rice that is marketed in the area is regular milled white rice. The gross margin obtained was N235690.00 (US$656.55) showing that the marketing of rice is profitable. From the study, the profitability ratio shows that it is viable with every N1.00 invested in rice marketing giving a return of N2. The major constraints associated with rice marketing include high cost of transportation and inadequate processing facilities. The study suggests an improvement of the road network system and provision of agricultural credit to enable rice traders expand the volume of their operations. It was also recommended that agricultural training workshop in rice marketing should be used from time to time to educate producers and marketers on storage and distribution processes
Research and Development of Biopesticides: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Ndolo Dennis , Njuguna Elizabeth , Adetunji Charles Oluwaseun , Harbor Chioma , Rowe Arielle , Den Breeyen Alana , Sangeetha Jeyabalan , Singh Gurpreet , Szewczyk Boguslaw , Anjorin Toba S. , Thangadurai Devarajan , Hospet Ravichandra
Published: January 2020

Even though pesticides have greatly contributed to boosting agricultural productivity and farmer income over the years, there have been concerns about the safety of some of these pest control products. Besides, there has been a growing demand for good quality and safe food in the recent
past – as reflected in the stringent regulations on pesticide residue levels in produce. Biopesticides in comparison with conventional synthetic chemical pesticides are usually less toxic, generally affect only the target pest and closely related organisms, are often effective in relatively
small quantities and decompose faster, resulting in lower exposure. Consequently, over the last few years, biopesticides have attracted global attention as a safer pest control strategy for incorporation into Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programmes. Besides, in the last decade, adoption
of IPM programmes has significantly enhanced pest management practices and, in some cases, reduced pesticide use, consequently reducing the rise in demand for synthetic chemical pesticides. Also, the development of new synthetic chemical pesticides has declined considerably in the recent past,
as regulations have become tighter, with products being withdrawn from the market, resulting in a more limited choice of chemical solutions such that biopesticides have become a more feasible option. Many countries have also increasingly lowered chemical Maximum Residue Levels for agricultural
imports which have made it increasingly necessary to explore pest control options which would ensure reduced reliance on the use of synthetic chemical pesticides. In this paper, avenues of addressing challenges to biopesticide research and development are evaluated by seeking the inputs of
a wide range of stakeholders, building on a recent international workshop with biopesticides practitioners from across the globe. Prospects for biopesticide application are detailed using a case study on the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Africa.
Experiments in Social Media
Authors: Walsh Toby
Published: January 2020

Social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter permit experiments to be performed at minimal cost on populations of a size that scientists might previously have dreamed about. For instance, one experiment on Facebook involved more than 60 million subjects. Such large‐scale experiments introduce new challenges as even small effects when multiplied by a large population can have a significant impact. Recent revelations about the use of social media to manipulate voting behavior compound such concerns. It is believed that the psychometric data used by Cambridge Analytica to target US voters was collected by Dr Aleksandr Kogan from Cambridge University using a personality quiz on Facebook. There is a real risk that researchers wanting to collect data and run experiments on social media platforms in the future will face a public backlash that hinders such studies from being conducted. We suggest that stronger safeguards are put in place to help prevent this, and ensure the public retain confidence in scientists using social media for behavioral and other studies.
Habitando “no lugares”: subjetividad y capacidades familiares ante un desastre socionatural en Chile
Authors: Rojas-Páez Luisa , Sandoval-Díaz José Sebastián
Published: January 2020

El presente trabajo analiza la dimensión subjetiva de la vulnerabilidad-capacidad de familias desplazadas por un terremoto en Chile. Se utilizó un diseño de caso cualitativo seleccionando, vía muestreo teórico, 10 jefas de hogar y tres agentes institucionales vinculados con el desplazamiento y reconstrucción habitacional posdesastre. Los datos son producidos mediante la entrevista episódica, utilizando como estrategia de análisis el proceso de codificación de la teoría fundamentada. Como primer resultado, se encuentran diferencias en los significados asignados al desplazamiento por las instituciones respondedoras y las familias reubicadas. A nivel institucional, predominó una razón instrumental del habitar reducida a la facilitación de satisfactores para la sobrevivencia y a la mera ocupación topográfica de un espacio físico-material. Mientras que, para las familias reubicadas, vivir en el campamento constituyó una intensificación de la “experiencia continua de vulnerabilización”, significándolo como un “no lugar” de tránsito circunstancial. En un segundo resultado, se identificaron cuatro capacidades familiares de afrontamiento, las cuales, si bien no subvirtieron la vulnerabilidad social estructural, posibilitaron la emergencia de cuatro configuraciones tácticas de agenciamiento resistente ante el desastre: resignación, individualismo, ocultamiento y solidaridad. Las conclusiones sostienen la importancia de integrar la dimensión subjetiva de la vulnerabilidad-capacidad ante el proceso de desplazamiento ambiental, con el fin de orientar procesos de reubicación e intervención psicosocial sustentados en una perspectiva multidimensional del habitar.
Presentación del dossier. Comunidad, vulnerabilidad y reproducción en condiciones de desastre. Abordajes desde América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Fernández Ana Gabriela , Waldmüller Johannes , Vega Cristina
Published: January 2020

El presente artículo introductorio propone un acercamiento al enfoque de la vulnerabilidad en los estudios sociales sobre desastres desde distintos abordajes contemporáneos latinoamericanos. En primer lugar, se expone sobre la vulnerabilidad desde sus primeras aproximaciones y se las pone en diálogo crítico con el enfoque de la resiliencia. La preocupación surge cuando se enfatiza la resiliencia de la población afectada como mecanismo de participación en la recuperación. En segundo lugar, se desarrolla con particular atención el aporte de los estudios de género y la reproducción de vida en contextos de desastres. Teniendo en cuenta los avances y experiencias documentadas en el ámbito del género y los desastres, se establece una conexión entre vulnerabilidad y perspectiva de la reproducción y los cuidados con el fin de iluminar posibles vías alternativas en la producción de conocimiento y su influencia sobre las políticas. Finalmente, se proponen líneas de reflexión y debate intentando aportar a una discusión que en la actualidad se encuentra en tensión, tanto desde lo académico como en la puesta en práctica de las políticas públicas o medidas por parte de los organismos de cooperación internacional.
Comparative study of low dose aspirin versus combination of low dose aspirin and low molecular weight heparin in idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: Rekha S. Bhanu , Chandra K. Sharath
Published: January 2020

Background: To compare the role of low dose aspirin versus combination of low dose aspirin and low molecular weight heparin in idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss and assess the effectiveness of low dose aspirin and low molecular weight heparin in having a better obstetric outcome.Methods: This study was conducted in a private hospital in Mahabubnagar from June 2017 to May 2019. A total of 80 pregnant ladies who had previous 2 and or more pregnancy losses in the early (before 20 weeks) or late (after 20 weeks) pregnancy period was included in the study. 80 pregnant women with idiopathic/unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss were properly evaluated in regard to the history of previous period of gestation of loss, previous scans in regard to documentation of fetal pole and gestation, cardiac activity, anomaly scan and growth scan and any special investigations in previous pregnancies and present pregnancy.Results: A total 80 pregnant women with previous 2 and more unexplained pregnancy losses who were evaluated and found negative with major causes of pregnancy losses half of them (40) were treated with low dose aspirin alone and the other 40 women were treated with a combination of low dose aspirin (75 mg) and low molecular weight Heparin (20 mg) daily low molecular weight heparin till term. The aspirin alone group had 82.5% live birth rate and the combination group had 92.5% live birth rate which is quite satisfactory and more than the Aspirin alone group.Conclusions: Use of combination of low dose aspirin and low molecular weight heparin seems to be a good choice of drugs in treating the unexplained recurrent pregnancy losses than low dose aspirin alone.
Infectious transcripts from cloned cDNA of potato leafroll luteovirus.
Authors: Sadowy E , Pluta K , Gronenborn B , Hulanicka D
Published: January 2020

Infectious transcripts play a key role in the research on plant viruses at the molecular level. A number of cDNA clones covering the whole genome of the Polish isolate of potato leafroll virus were constructed. Four overlapping clones were selected and assembled using restriction sites. The full copy was positioned between T7 RNA polymerase promoter and unique ScaI site. The full-length capped transcripts of the sequence of the viral genome synthesised in vitro were able to replicate in protoplasts and to produce the viral coat protein.
PRUNING OF SECTION 377, INDIAN PENAL CODE, 1860 AND CHANGED DYNAMICS OF MORALITY IN INDIAN SOCIETY
Authors: Yadav Parul , Vig Komal
Published: January 2020

Purpose: The research paper has been written in order to analyze the impact of reading down the notorious section of Indian Penal Code, 1860 which being Section 377 which penalized every sexual act other than a heterosexual union even if consensual in the judgment given by the Supreme Court of India in Navjot Singh v. Union of India on the society of India. This paper aims to see its impact on the morality of the Indian community on the known definitions and working of the morality in the social and the legal system.

Methodology: In this work classical method of research has been followed which being doctrinal research also, a comparative analysis between the legal text of Section 377 of Indian Penal Code, 1860 and the judgments announced by the Supreme court of India has been undertaken with the proportional qualitative analysis done with moral set up of Indian Society.

Main Findings: The analysis conducted on law and social structure of Indian Society by the researchers point out to the fact that after reading down of Section 377, the social set-up of India is resenting the recognition granted to third sex and gender because it disturbs its moral thread which has knitted the social structure known as of now and introduces a third angle in known concepts of sex and sexuality which till now have been relying on parallel tracks of male and female sex/gender.

Application: This research piece will aid students in understanding the concept of morality and will demonstrate its effect on the working of the Criminal system of a country. Moreover, it will also give support in understanding the role of biological sex and sexual preferences in shaping law as known today.

Novelty/Originality: This research is novel in its attempt of wherein morality has been traced in the criminal legal system of the country which is most prominent in issues related to the sex of the human body and its sexuality.
On not Yielding to Temptation
Authors: Dobrosz-Michiewicz Karolina
Published: January 2020

The notion of yielding to temptation has already been studied by ethnographers, sociologists, and morality researchers. Yet the situation is different in the area of social psychology. My review of the literature in that scope indicated the existence of two dominant research perspectives used in studies on the situation of giving in to temptation: the perspective related to resocialisation psychology, which discusses the notion in terms of behaviour, and the perspective of the psychology of morality. The results of the research which indicated that in most cases people are ready to, e.g. yield to the temptation of easy gains, despite their declared appreciation of the legal and ethical norms prohibiting the misappropriation of other people’s property, formed the starting point for my study. What else if not the legal framework can prevent a person from giving in to temptation when it arises? What role does our personality play in that? The article presents the results of a study into the correlation between personality-based variables and a person’s yielding to temptation.
Life is Beautiful (Życie jest piękne). A Short Study of a Radio Reportage Series of the Głos Ewangelii Foundation
Authors: Bachura-Wojtasik Joanna , Czarnek-Wnuk Paulina , Sygizman Kinga
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the radio reports prepared by the Głos Ewangelii Foundation. The Życie jest piękne series was analysed and interpreted in terms of the themes, the sound effects used, and the presence of religious themes and the notion of God. The selected audio material also enabled the researchers to indicate the general qualities of the reporting style of the Głos Ewangelii Foundation.
Against “Globalised Indifference”. Radio Reporters in the Face of the Refugee Crisis
Authors: Michalak Katarzyna
Published: January 2020

Since it intensified in 2015, the migration crisis has become one of the major topics of media coverage. With time those numerous pieces resulted in society becoming indifferent to the plight of migrants. The newcomers, stereotypically treated as aliens, became a group of the unnecessary and unneeded, which then started to bear social tension and divisions. The author of the article intends to indicate that reportage/feature, radio reportage in particular, is one of the methods for building dialogue between cultures. In following the remarks of Ryszard Kapuściński and Emmanuel Levinas, the author noted that an encounter with “the Other” is one of the major challenges of the 21st century. The three analysed programmes seem to prove the fact that the medium of radio may fulfil a special role in overcoming “globalised indifference.”
Preparation of a Composite Material from Palm Oil Fiber and an Ecological Emulsion of Expanded Polystyrene Post-Consumption
Authors: Gutiérrez-Estupiñán Cindy , Gutiérrez-Gallego José , Sánchez-Soledad Melba
Published: January 2020

The overproduction of plastics and the wide availability of natural fibers that become a source of contamination before ending their useful life, in a context of environmental crisis, has led researchers to study how to integrate them into the production of biocomposites. For this project, the development of a composite material that integrated expanded post-consumer polystyrene (EPS) and palm fiber (OPEFB) was proposed. OPEFB fibers were obtained from palm growers in the region, being processed by drying, grinding and sieving with a particle size (Mesh of 30,40, 50, 60 and 70). To obtain the solvent of the EPS, a volume of orange essential oil (Citrus sinensis) was distilled off by steam and the amount of d-limonene present was quantified using the gas chromatography technique coupled to mass spectrometry. Subsequently, the EPS was dissolved and a solubility of 0.5 g / mL was reached and with this volume a 1: 2 water / EPS-Citrus Sinensis emulsion was formulated which was characterized using the optical microscopy technique and two dyes of different polarity to observe its affinity with both phases, allowing it to be classified as a W/O type macroemulsion. The agglomerates were made by a process of molding, pressing and heating for baking. All the above parameters were kept constant and only the fiber size varied. The tests of resistance to compression and hardness showed that, to a smaller fiber size, less hardness, resistance to compression and stiffness, so the specimens made with mesh fibers (Mesh) No. 40 showed better performance in mechanical tests.
Consensus Recommendations of the Multiple Sclerosis Study Group and the Portuguese Neuroradiological Society for the Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis in Clinical Practice: Part 2.
Authors: Pereira Daniela Jardim , Abreu Pedro , Reis Ana Mafalda , Seixas Daniela , Carreiro Inês , Cravo Isabel , Graça Joana , Freitas Pedro Melo , Brito Olga , Silva Solange , Vale José , Vilela Pedro
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging is recognized as the most important diagnostic test in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, differential diagnosis and evaluation of progression/therapeutic response. However, to make optimal use of magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis, the use of a standard, reproducible and comparable imaging protocol is of uttermost importance. In this context, the Portuguese Society of Neuroradiology and the Group of Studies of Multiple Sclerosis, after a joint discussion, appointed a committee of experts to create recommendations adapted to the national reality on the use of magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis. This document represents the second part of the first Portuguese consensus recommendations on the use of magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis in clinical practice.Material and Methods: The Portuguese Society of Neuroradiology and the Group of Studies of Multiple Sclerosis, after discussing the topic in national meetings and after a working group meeting held in Figueira da Foz, May 2017, appointed a committee of experts that have developed several standard protocols on the use of magnetic resonance imaging on multiple sclerosis by consensus. The document obtained was based on the best scientific evidence and expert opinion. Portuguese multiple sclerosis consultants and departments of neuroradiology scrutinized and reviewed the consensus paper; comments and suggestions were considered. Standardized strategies of magnetic resonance imaging referral in clinical practice for diagnosis and follow-up of multiple sclerosis were published in the first part of this paper.Results: We provide magnetic resonance imaging acquisition protocols regarding multiple sclerosis diagnostic and monitoring and the information to be included in the report for application across Portuguese healthcare institutions.Conclusion: We hope that these first Portuguese magnetic resonance imaging guidelines will contribute to optimize multiple sclerosis management and improve patient care in Portugal.
Antidepressant Use and the Risk of Mood Instability
Authors: Teodoro Tomás
Published: January 2020

N/a.
Integridade Científica e Académica em Portugal: Um Desígnio Nacional
Authors: Massano João , Ferreira Maria Amélia
Published: January 2020

N/a.
DIFFERENCES IN LED VALUES IN DENGUE FEVER PATIENTS WITH HEMOCONCENTRATION AND NOT HEMOCONCENTRATION
Authors: Pritanti Rismita , Notopuro Paulus Budiono
Published: January 2020

Background: Patients with dengue fever with hemoconcentration will experience plasma tearing (loss of plasma protein) which will affect the value of the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (LED). Plasma proteins that play a role in influencing the value of the Sedimentation Rate (LED) are fibrinogen and globulins. An erythrocyte sedimentation (LED) examination measures the degree of erythrocyte deposition in a blood sample over a period of time. LEDs are sensitive but not specific tests. Purpose: To determine the difference in LED values of DHF patients with hemoconcentration and not hemoconcentration. Methods: Observational analytic, 30 samples with criteria for dengue fever patients with hemoconcentration and not hemoconcentration were examined at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory of Haji Hospital Surabaya in March - April 2019. The study used an independent t test with SPSS 16.0 program to determine whether there were differences in LED values in dengue fever patients with hemoconcentration and not hemoconsetration. Results: The results of the Independent t test showed that there were significant differences between the results of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients with dengue fever with hemoconcentration and not hemoconsetration with Sig. (2-failed) of 0.00 (p <0.005). Conclusion: There are significant differences in sediment rate results with the Westergreen blood method in patients with dengue fever who experience hemoconcentration and who do not experience hemoconcentration.
CORRELATION BETWEEN APOPROTEIN B/APOPROTEIN A-I RATIO WITH HOMA IR VALUE (HOMEOSTATIC MODEL ASSESMENT INSULIN RESISTANCE) IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Afandi Muhammad Rafli , Marpaung Ferdy Royland
Published: January 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the seventh leading cause of death in the world (the occuring rate has reached 400 million people). Type2 DM is caused by the body cells’ inability to respond normally to insulin (insulin resistance). Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insuline Resistance (HOMA-IR) is a calculation method which function is to measure the body insulin resistance. Diabetes mellitus can cause lipid metabolism disorders (dyslipidemia) resulting in an increased level of LDL cholesterol and decreased HDL cholesterol. The apoprotein B/apoprotein A-I ratio is the result of comparisons of apoprotein B (LDL protein constituent) and apoprotein A-I (HDL protein constituent). The apo B/apo A-I ratio represents a balance between LDL cholesterol (atherogenic) and HDL (anti-atherogenic). It is astrong signifier in predicting heart disease. Purpose: This study aim to determine the correlation between the apoprotein B/apoprotein A-I ratio with HOMA-IR in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Observasional, consecutive, 100 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus who is examined in apoprotein B, apoprotein A-I test that calculating the ratio in which ratio are calculated, as well as HOMA-IR in Parahita Clinical Laboratory Surabaya. This study uses Pearson correlation test method with SPSS 22.0 for Windows program. Results: The result of Pearson correlation test between apoprotein B/apoprotein A-I ratio with HOMA-IR in 100 samples is a strong and significant correlation value  (r=0,610, p<0,05).Conclusion: There is a strong correlation between the apoprotein B/apoprotein A-I ratio with HOMA-IR in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The Concept of Conspiring to Corrupt in Criminal Law as Ius Contituendum
Authors: Yulianto Yulianto
Published: January 2020

The term conspiring to commit criminal acts in Article 15 of PTPK Act cannot refer to existing norms under Article 88 of the KUHP. The criminal act which is to conspire to commit such acts within PTPK Act has been regulated within the Indonesian legal system and recognized by law enforcers. However, the lack of elaboration and clarity towards this type of criminal act in the PTPK Law has hindered law enforcers from utilizing Article 15 of the PTPK Act to combat corruption. The Constitutional Court has attempted to resolve the legal uncertainty of Article 15 of the PTPK Act, however this has been proven to become burdensome for law enforcers in applying the criminal justifications of conspiracy under the scope of Article 15 of the PTPK Act. The criminal act which is to conspire to commit such acts within PTPK Act has been regulated within the Indonesian legal system and recognized by law enforcers.
Legal Protection for Justice Collaborators in Indonesia’s Criminal Judiciary System
Authors: Hidayatullah Hidayatullah
Published: January 2020

One way to assist law enforces to prevent and combat crime is to involve justice collaborators. Justice collaborators are crucial in assisting law enforcers to expose perpetrators of organized crime as well as transnational crimes. The lack of a legal regime that provides rights to a justice collaborator will impact the interest of a person to become a justice collaborator. Legal protection for justice collaborators must also include protection to his/her family both physically and psychologically. One method of appreciation that can be given to justice collaborators is through the special treatment of criminal offences. One form of special treatment in regards to criminal cases involving justice collaborators within the criminal judiciary may utilize the plea bargaining approach as a method of legal protection towards justice collaborators. To make more efficient the process of determining criminal sanctions to justice collaborators will contribute to the legal certainties owed to justice collaborates as a rightful reward of their contribution in extraordinary crimes. The criminal judicial system that utilized the plea bargaining approach for justice collaborators has the advantage of the absence of criminal examinations.
Insurance Construction Services In Infrastructure Development
Authors: Utomo Yusuf Arif , Azizi Dimas Aulia
Published: January 2020

The Construction Services Insurance Agreement has an important role in infrastructure development in Indonesia. It is considering that at present, the Indonesian government is very active in building infrastructure in various corners of the region in the framework of equitable economic stability. The guarantor, in this case, the insurance company provides guarantees in terms of planning up to maintenance. Or before construction up to post-development within a certain period. Insurance agreements made with a variety of considerations, including; protect national interests, avoid contractors who default or have bad intentions, geographical factors in an area, and so forth. But on the other hand, it also to protect the interests of contractors or construction service providers (the insured). For this research, the focus is on the accountability of construction service providers as consumers of insurance companies because construction service providers require insurance companies to transfer some of the risks while carrying out development projects. If in the course of the project an undesirable event occurs starting from the collapse of the building, damage to heavy equipment and so on, which fall within the scope of the object of the insurance agreement, the construction service provider can file a claim against the insurance company to compensate the loss suffered by the construction service provider. Thus it is necessary to analyze the legal relationships and procedures between construction service providers and insurance companies related to infrastructure development. In analyzing and answer the legal issues above, the research methods used are the statute approach (based on applicable laws). And the conceptual approach (based on legal concepts or theories from legal experts).
HAL‘, İSTİFA VE İHTİLAL: İSLAM DEVLETLERİNDE İKTİDARIN EL DEĞİŞTİRMESİ ÜZERİNE BAZI TESPİTLER
Authors: KAVAK Özgür
Published: January 2020

İslam devletlerindeki hükümdar değişiklikleri meşruiyet,

itaat-muhalefet dengesi, iktidara başkaldırı, devlet başkanlarının

hal‘ edilmelerinin imkanı ve şerî hükmü gibi siyasi

düşüncenin önemli meselelerinin iç içe geçtiği bir olguya

işaret eder. İslam toplumlarının tarihinde “Halifeler tarihi”

olarak nitelenen süreçte ve özellikle Emevilerden Osmanlıların

son dönemine değin vuku bulan “iktidar değişikliklerini”

klasik tarih kitaplarına yansıyan gerekçeleri bakımından

analiz etmeyi hedefleyen bu yazı, siyasi-fıkhi hükümlere

dair metinlerde şerî çerçevesi çizilen bu meselenin somut

olaylarda karşılığının olup olmadığı hususuna odaklanacaktır.

Aynı zamanda İslam toplumlarının siyasi tutumlarını

mutlak itaat ve despotizm çerçevesinde ele alan akademik

yaklaşımların eleştirisini de içeren makalede devlet başkanlığının

sonlanma yolları üç temel başlık altında incelenmektedir:

Hal‘ (şeriata ittiba ilkesinin ihlali, sağlık problemleri ve

liyakatsizlik), istifa ve ihtilal (bâğî statüsünde değerlendirilme

ve siyasi çekişmeler/isyanlar). Makalenin temel iddiası

siyasi-fıkhi hükümleri havi metinlerdeki şeriatın bağlayıcılığı

ilkesinin klasik tarih kitaplarına yansıdığı haliyle iktidar

değişikliklerinde de merkezi bir konumda bulunduğu ve beyat,

hal‘, fısk ve fitne gibi kavramların tarihi olaylarda somut

yansımalarının yadsınamayacak seviyede olduğudur. Bu da,

bazı durumlarda şeklî olarak da olsa, iktidar değişimlerinde

şerî/fıkhi prosedüre riayet edildiğini, ulema ve diğer devlet

ricali tarafından devreye sokulan “şerî-siyasi taakkul” sürecinin

bu konuda önemli bir rol oynadığını ortaya koymaktadır.
INTERAKSI PASAR BARANG DAN PASAR UANG DI INDONESIA: PENDEKATAN MODEL MUNDELL-FLEMING
Authors: Prestianawati Silvi Asna , Kaluge David
Published: January 2020

Paper ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi interaksi pasar barang dan pasar uang dengan pendekatan model mundel-fleming di Indonesia dalam periode 1997 – 2017 melewati tiga shock krisis keuangan yaitu krisis keuangan Asia,Krisis Subprime mortgage dan krisis utang eropa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif dengan model Threshold Autoregression (TAR) menyimpulkan bahwa di Indonesia terdapat interaksi antara pasar barang dan pasar uang.
THE DETERMINANTS OF HOME-BASED WORKER: EVIDENCE FROM MARRIED WOMEN IN INDONESIA
Authors: Meidika Yefin Amandri , Sugiharti Lilik , Aditina Neny , Amini Ary Fauziah
Published: January 2020

A home-based worker is defined as a worker who performs to work at home or a neighbor's home. Using data from the National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas 2018), this research aims to analyze the determinants of married women becoming home-based workers. We build two models using internet access to categorize a dependent variable. Observation unit in this research is employed married women aged 15 years and over. The models in this research are estimated by multinomial logit. Independent variables that examined including socio-demographic characteristics, family characteristics, work characteristics, and regional characteristics. Our finding shows that younger women, having children under age 5, having employed household head, working on industry sector as sales and service worker, self-employed and had work training experience are more likely to be a home-based worker in both models.
Spektroskopia w podczerwieni z transformatą Fouriera w analizie składu kamieni nerkowych
Authors: Szydlak Renata Beata , Maciukiewicz Piotr
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Kidney stones are one of the most common diseases of the urinary tract, caused by metabolic and excretory disorders. Identification of the components of the stone is necessary to determine the cause of the formation of deposits and to choose the appropriate therapy.The aim of the study was to determine the chemical composition of the kidney stones.Materials and methods: Kidney stones recovered from 46 patients were analyzed for their chemical composition by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The resulting FTIR spectra of the kidney stones were compared to standards.Results: Of the 46 samples, 58.3% were comprised calcium oxalate, 28.3% struvites and 10.9% uric acid. Gender analysis showed that 69.6% of the examined stones were from men and 30.4% from women. Comparison with age revealed that the majority of respondents are people aged 30–44.Conclusions: Calcium oxalate, struvites and uric acid are commonly occurring kidney stones.
Właściwości alkalizujące wybranych krzemianowo-wapniowych uszczelniaczy kanałowych. Badanie in vitro
Authors: Reszka Przemysław , Kucharski Łukasz , Klimowicz Adam , Lipski Mariusz
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the pH values of selected calcium-silicate root canal sealers in comparison with AH Plus resin-based root canal sealer.Materials and methods: Six root canal sealers were included in this study: BioRoot RCS (Septodont, France), GuttaFlow bioseal (Coltėne/Whaledent, Switzerland), MTA Fillapex (Angelus, Brazil), Total Fill BC Sealer (FKG, Switzerland), Well-Root ST (Vericom, Korea) and AH Plus (Dentsply, DeTrey, Germany). Materials samples (n = 6) were placed in dishes and immersed in 10 mL of distilled water (pH = 6.8). After 1, 3, 24, 48, 72, 168, 336 and 504 hrs, water pH was determined with a pH meter calibrated with a solution of known pH. Data were statistically analyzed using Student-t test (p < 0.05).Results: There were differences in the water pH between the materials tested. The highest water pHs were exhibited by Total Fill BC Sealer, Well-Root ST and BioRoot RCS (pH ~12), followed by GuttaFlow bioseal (pH ~10.5) and MTA Fillapex (pH ~9). The lowest pH was shown by AH Plus (pH ~8).Conclusions: All calcium-silicate root canal sealers studied are able to elevate the pH level, which could have biological and antimicrobial effects. The AH Plus root canal sealer has poor alkalizing properties.
Identification of political, legal, economic, social and technological factors forming opportunities and threats for people with moderate intellectual disabilities
Authors: Radlińska Iwona , Karakiewicz Beata , Kolwitz Marcin , Kemicer-Chmielewska Ewa , Flaga-Gieruszyńska Kinga
Published: January 2020

Introduction: The aim of the work was to determine opportunities and threats for people with moderate intellectual disabilities (MID) in the context of political, economic, social and technological (PEST) factors.

Materials and methods: This work involved the method of the Community Action Board (CAB), which is a part of the RPAR (Rapid Policy Assessment and Response) methodology, for the in-depth legal analysis. The CAB was used at the second stage of the SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) – the assessment of selected PEST factors as opportunities and threats for people with MID.

Results: The most important threats included the implementation of international standards of integration of people with MID occurs without proper social and housing preparation; the lack of interdisciplinary activities by the state in creating public awareness about disabilities; the lack of help to parents at the time of birth of a child with MID. The most important opportunities included creating Internet-based platforms for information exchange, the ability of early support by all educational institutions, increasing access to the assistants of a disabled person, sheltered work, and protected flats.

Conclusions: 1. Unprepared inclusive education, a lack of sheltered employment, and a lack of personal or housing support, all cause social exclusion for people with MID. 2. A low level of awareness in Polish society of disabilities prevents effective social inclusion of people with MID. 3. The lack of a legal framework for supporting parents at the time of birth of a child with MID makes it difficult for the child to receive support. 4. The lack of online platforms for information exchange about access to services for people with MID limits access to such services.
Efficacy of inpatient phase II cardiac rehabilitation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Szylińska Aleksandra
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation is a complex process that involves improving patient mobility by using endurance training and education on healthy attitudes related to diet and lifestyle. The aim of this study was to compare spirometry results to assess the efficacy of inpatient and at-home post-operative phase II cardiac rehabilitation following coronary artery bypass grafting with extra-corporeal circulation.

Materials and methods: A prospective study was carried out on 104 patients awaiting coronary artery bypass grafting at the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin. Following surgery, the patients were randomized into study and control groups, each consisting of 52 people. The study group underwent inpatient phase II cardiac rehabilitation at the Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation for the Clinic of Cardiac Surgery. The control group performed the same exercises in the II phase cardiac rehabilitation at home, according to the program obtained at the hospital. The efficacy of both the inpatient and at-home rehabilitation were determined based on spirometry tests performed the day before the surgery, and at 5 and 25–30 days following the operation.

Results: Static analysis of spirometry results tests did not show statistically significant differences between the groups. In the dynamic analysis of data, we determined the differences between the first and second, second and third, and first and third spirometry tests. In the study group, positive statistically significant differences in FVC were found between tests 1–3 (p < 0.001), and 2–3 (p < 0.009).

Conclusions: 1. In the static analysis, both rehabilitation models gave similar results in spirometry tests performed 25–30 days post-operatively, not reaching the baseline levels of FEV and FVC. 2. Dynamic analysis indicated, however, a certain advantage of inpatient rehabilitation, as the decreases in FEV between baseline and final levels were significantly lower, and the increments between the tests performed at 5 day and 25–30 days following surgery were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group.
Analysis of the relationship between the severity of climacteric and depressive symptoms in healthy women and those with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zimny Małgorzata , Kotwas Artur , Schneider-Motyka Daria , Augustyniuk Katarzyna , Starczewska Małgorzata , Szkup Małgorzata
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Menopause, being a natural period associated with the cessation of ovarian function, is one of physiological stages in a woman’s life. Epidemiological studies show that this is when women are at the greatest risk of depressive disorders. Other common conditions observed in menopausal women are various metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between climacteric and depressive symptoms in healthy women and those with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and methods: This survey-based study involved 103 women aged 44–65 years, including 33 with type 2 diabetes. Research instruments were: the Kupperman Index for the severity of climacteric symptoms, and the Beck Depression Inventory for the severity of depressive symptoms.

Results: The analysis did not reveal any statistically significant relationship between the severity of depressive symptoms and type 2 diabetes. At the same time, it demonstrated that the lack of energy dependent on the severity of depressive symptoms in women with type 2 diabetes. The severity of depressive symptoms in the group of non-diabetic women contributed to the severity of sleep disorders, vertigo, and a lack of energy.

Conclusions: Climacteric symptoms significantly affect biopsy-chosocial status of perimenopausal women, irrespective of whether they have type 2 diabetes.
Etiology and prevention of movement disorders in dentists
Authors: Weber-Nowakowska Katarzyna , Gębska Magdalena , Żyżniewska-Banaszak Ewelina
Published: January 2020

Dentistry is a combination of physical and mental work. It is associated with the responsiveness and the preservation of precision. Almost all activities performed while working with a patient require maintaining a static position, often using the incorrect pattern. The most common nonergonomic position of the dentist is the position standing on the side of the sitting patient. It requires the maintenance of continuous bending of the torso with rotation and positioning of the upper limbs in the abduction and bending. Long standing in such a position leads to numerous pathologies of the movement system. There are a number of opportunities and activities to improve work comfort, eliminate risk factors. The most important factor that improves the quality and comfort of the dentist’s work is the correct design of the treatment area, allowing proper, ergonomic positioning of the body. It is important to use recreational forms of physical activity. Every professionally active dentist should use appropriate exercise and physical activity. Combining ergonomics with physio prevention avoids the occurrence of dysfunction that may lead to stop working.
Modern methods of hard tissue cavity preparation – literature overview
Authors: Berczyńska Dorota , Buczkowska-Radlińska Jadwiga , Berczyński Paweł , Gmerek Anna
Published: January 2020

Undeniably, adhesives play crucial role in modern dentistry. In order to deliver high bonding quality, profound removal of decayed hard tissues is indispensable, along with a healthy tissue preservation. There is a great variety of tools and agents, dentists can use in practice. The most popular among them are certainly dental drill units. However, air abrasion, ultrasonic generators and lasers are also relevant. While selecting the right approach, both advantages and limitations of a particular technique must be considered.
Physical activity of pregnant women in the eyes of physiotherapy students. The role of knowledge, beliefs and personal experiences among future physiotherapists
Authors: Kossakowska Karolina , Szczepanik Marcin , Woszczak Marek
Published: January 2020

Introduction: The physical activity of pregnant women is still a matter of concern for both mothers and professionals. In the case of a healthy pregnancy without specific contraindications, physical activity may have a beneficial effect on mental and physical wellbeing, during pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal period. It is therefore important that pregnant women be provided with accurate information regarding recommended pre-gestational activity, based on scientifically-valid reports rather than subjective opinions.

The aim of the presented study was to analyze the state of knowledge and attitudes towards physical activity undertaken by women during pregnancy among physiotherapy students.

Materials and methods: The study involved 109 physiotherapy students studying at the Faculty of Physiotherapy in Katowice and at the Faculty of Physiotherapy at the Medical University of Lodz. The research was performed as an Internet-based study in which the participants completed an electronic version of a questionnaire constructed for the study.

Results: Students of physiotherapy are a physically active group, with the most popular being walking. Although the respondents have a satisfactory level of knowledge concerning the influence of physical activity on pregnancy, they still consider indoor cycling as less suitable for expectant mothers than outdoor cycling. The general level of knowledge of participants correlates negatively with the attitude: those more open and accepting of physical activity during pregnancy tend to display less reliable knowledge. Positive attitude is also associated with the sport background of the respondents: more active respondents tend to believe more strongly that physical activity has a positive impact on pregnancy.

Conclusions: Although the participants displayed satisfactory general knowledge concerning physical activity and pregnancy, they do not always correctly evaluate selected forms of activities as appropriate for pregnant women. This knowledge should be supplemented, as physiotherapy students are a group of future medical professionals who will shape the health behaviors of patients.