bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Copper oxide nanoparticles fabricated by green chemistry using Tribulus terrestris seed natural extract-photocatalyst and green electrodes for energy storage device
Authors: Meena Jayaprakash , Kumaraguru N. , Sami veerappa N. , Shin Paik-kyun , Tatsugi Jiro , Kumar Annamalai Senthil , Santhakumar Kannappan
Published: December 2023

Nanobiotechnology is a unique class of multiphase and recently become a branch of contemporary science and a paradigm shift in material research. One of the two main problems facing the field of nanomaterial synthesis is the discovery of new natural resources for the biological production of metal nanoparticles and the absence of knowledge about the chemical composition of bio-source required for synthesis and the chemical process or mechanism behind the production of metal nanoparticles presents the second difficulty. We reported template-free green synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles using Tribulus terrestris seed natural extract without any isolation process. XRD, TEM, SEM, UV–Vis, DLS, zeta potential, and BET evaluated the synthesized metal nanoparticle. The TEM analysis confirmed that the CuO NPs are well dispersed and almost round in shape with an average size of 58 nm. EDAX confirms that copper is the prominent metal present in the nanomaterial. The greener fabricated copper oxide nanoparticle was employed to degrade methyl orange dye, almost 84% of methyl orange was degraded within 120 min. The outcomes demonstrated the nanomaterial’s effective breakdown of contaminants, highlighting their potential for environmental rehabilitation. The electrochemical investigation of the CuO NPs was utilized for supercapacitor application. An appreciable value of specific capacitance is 369 F/g specific capacitances with 96.4% capacitance retention after 6000 cycles. Overall, the results of the current study show that the biologically produced copper oxide nanoparticles have intriguing uses as photocatalysts for treating water contaminants and are suitable for energy storage devices.
Data-driven analysis and prediction of stable phases for high-entropy alloy design
Authors: Peivaste Iman , Jossou Ericmoore , Tiamiyu Ahmed A.
Published: December 2023

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) represent a promising class of materials with exceptional structural and functional properties. However, their design and optimization pose challenges due to the large composition-phase space coupled with the complex and diverse nature of the phase formation dynamics. In this study, a data-driven approach that utilizes machine learning (ML) techniques to predict HEA phases and their composition-dependent phases is proposed. By employing a comprehensive dataset comprising 5692 experimental records encompassing 50 elements and 11 phase categories, we compare the performance of various ML models. Our analysis identifies the most influential features for accurate phase prediction. Furthermore, the class imbalance is addressed by employing data augmentation methods, raising the number of records to 1500 in each category, and ensuring a balanced representation of phase categories. The results show that XGBoost and Random Forest consistently outperform the other models, achieving 86% accuracy in predicting all phases. Additionally, this work provides an extensive analysis of HEA phase formers, showing the contributions of elements and features to the presence of specific phases. We also examine the impact of including different phases on ML model accuracy and feature significance. Notably, the findings underscore the need for ML model selection based on specific applications and desired predictions, as feature importance varies across models and phases. This study significantly advances the understanding of HEA phase formation, enabling targeted alloy design and fostering progress in the field of materials science.
Increased GIRK channel activity prevents arrhythmia in mice with heart failure by enhancing ventricular repolarization
Authors: An Xue , Cho Hana
Published: December 2023

Ventricular arrhythmia causing sudden cardiac death is the leading mode of death in patients with heart failure. Yet, the mechanisms that prevent ventricular arrhythmias in heart failure are not well characterized. Using a mouse model of heart failure created by transverse aorta constriction, we show that GIRK channel, an important regulator of cardiac action potentials, is constitutively active in failing ventricles in contrast to normal cells. Evidence is presented indicating that the tonic activation of M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors by endogenously released acetylcholine contributes to the constitutive GIRK activity. This constitutive GIRK activity prevents the action potential prolongation in heart failure ventricles. Consistently, GIRK channel blockade with tertiapin-Q induces QT interval prolongation and increases the incidence of arrhythmia in heart failure, but not in control mice. These results suggest that constitutive GIRK channels comprise a key mechanism to protect against arrhythmia by providing repolarizing currents in heart failure ventricles.
Multiomics characterization of fatty acid metabolism for the clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Huang Xin , Su Benzhe , Li Mengjun , Zhou Yang , He Xinyu
Published: December 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignancy and there is a lack of effective biomarkers for HCC diagnosis. Living organisms are complex, and different omics molecules interact with each other to implement various biological functions. Genomics and metabolomics, which are the top and bottom of systems biology, play an important role in HCC clinical management. Fatty acid metabolism is associated with malignancy, prognosis, and immune phenotype in cancer, which is a potential hallmark in malignant tumors. In this study, the genes and metabolites related to fatty acid metabolism were thoroughly investigated by a dynamic network construction algorithm named EWS-DDA for the early diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. Three gene ratios and eight metabolite ratios were identified by EWS-DDA as potential biomarkers for HCC clinical management. Further analysis using biological analysis, statistical analysis and document validation in the discovery and validation sets suggested that the selected potential biomarkers had great clinical prognostic value and helped to achieve effective early diagnosis of HCC. Experimental results suggested that in-depth evaluation of fatty acid metabolism from different omics viewpoints can facilitate the further understanding of pathological alterations associated with HCC characteristics, improving the performance of early diagnosis and clinical prognosis.
Do fossil fuel firms reframe online climate and sustainability communication? A data-driven analysis
Authors: Debnath Ramit , Ebanks Danny , Mohaddes Kamiar , Roulet Thomas , Alvarez R. Michael
Published: December 2023

Identifying drivers of climate misinformation on social media is crucial to climate action. Misinformation comes in various forms; however, subtler strategies, such as emphasizing favorable interpretations of events or data or reframing conversations to fit preferred narratives, have received little attention. This data-driven paper examines online climate and sustainability communication behavior over 7 years (2014–2021) across three influential stakeholder groups consisting of eight fossil fuel firms (industry), 14 non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and eight inter-governmental organizations (IGOs). We examine historical Twitter interaction data (n = 668,826) using machine learning-driven joint-sentiment topic modeling and vector autoregression to measure online interactions and influences amongst these groups. We report three key findings. First, we find that the stakeholders in our sample are responsive to one another online, especially over topics in their respective areas of domain expertise. Second, the industry is more likely to respond to IGOs’ and NGOs’ online messaging changes, especially regarding environmental justice and climate action topics. The fossil fuel industry is more likely to discuss public relations, advertising, and corporate sustainability topics. Third, we find that climate change-driven extreme weather events and stock market performance do not significantly affect the patterns of communication among these firms and organizations. In conclusion, we provide a data-driven foundation for understanding the influence of powerful stakeholder groups on shaping the online climate and sustainability information ecosystem around climate change.
General Aspects – Current and Further Perspectives
Authors: Eli Liwszyc Guillermo , Larramendy Marcelo L.
Published: December 2023

By definition, it is accepted worldwide that environmental risk assessment is a scientific practice that identifies and evaluates the likelihood of an activity or substance threatening the environment in general and/or living organisms, natural habitats and ecosystems in particular. In other words, it is a term used to describe the overall process or method allowing (1) the identification of hazards and risk factors that have the potential to cause harm (hazard identification) and (2) the analysis and evaluation of the risk associated with that particular hazard (risk analysis and risk evaluation). It also suggests all the appropriate ways to eliminate or minimize the hazard or control the risk when the hazard cannot be eliminated (risk control).
Evaluation of Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity in Amphibian Species that Inhabit Agroecosystem Environments
Authors: Benvindo-Souza Marcelino , Salla Raquel F. , Silva Daniela Melo e
Published: December 2023

Agrochemical residues affect the sustainability of agroecosystems and compromise the health of many amphibians and other living species, including humans. To monitor the environment, biomarkers of genotoxicity [such as the comet or single cell electrophoresis assay (CA)] and mutagenicity [such as the micronucleus (MN)] test can be efficient tools to estimate the early effects of agrochemical pollution. Thus, the present study evaluated the factors that indicate genotoxicity and mutagenicity in three Neotropical amphibian species that inhabit agroecosystems. We reviewed data from South American studies conducted on agroecosystems that used in situ approaches with Neotropical anuran species. We analyzed 256 manuscripts indexed in the Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, of which 19 papers were selected. Studies were mainly led by Argentina, Brazil and Colombia. Notably, the three most frequently studied Neotropical species were the lesser frog Dendropsophus minutes (Hylidae), the barker frog Physalaemus cuvieri (Leptodactylidae) and the South American common frog Rhinella arenarum (Bufonidae). Overall, the species found in agricultural areas showed a higher frequency of DNA damage evaluated by the CA and MN tests compared to reference areas (controls). Fifty-six formulations of agrochemicals were reported, including insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and fertilizers (e.g., nitrate and phosphorus). Given the sensitivity of these anurans to the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of chemical compounds, new studies should be encouraged in agroecosystem areas.
Ecotoxicity and Risk Assessment Characterization of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals on Anuran Amphibian Larvae
Authors: Peltzer Paola M. , Cuzziol Boccioni Ana P. , Martinuzzi Candela , Bassó Agustín , Attademo Andrés M. , Culzoni María J. , Paradina-Fernandez Lesly , Lajmanovich Rafael C.
Published: December 2023

This chapter is a review of different studies focused on the detection and quantification of contaminants of emerging concern such as human and veterinary pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments from mid-east Argentina (Parana river wetlands), using different analytical techniques. In addition, those environmental screenings have been used to test how tadpoles from native amphibian species (e.g., Rhinella arenarum, Leptodactylus luctator, Physalaemus albonotatus, Trachycephalus typhonius, and Scinax nasicus) respond to observed concentrations of pharmaceutical residues (e.g., diclofenac, dexamethasone, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, dipyrone, and streptomycin) and their metabolites. The summary of different studies demonstrated that the presence of these contaminants in aquatic environments poses a deleterious environmental risk for amphibians.
Development of Massive Molecular Biomarker Analysis (“Biomarkomics”) in Non-model Species: The Transcriptome of Rhinella arenarum (Anura, Bufonidae) Larvae Exposed to Organophosphorus Pesticides as a Case Example
Authors: Venturino Andrés , Ceschin Danilo , Lascano Cecilia
Published: December 2023

The development of massive sequencing technologies has led to an impressive increase in data acquisition capacity and analysis. The study of differential expression of genes (DEG) in species exposed to contaminants using whole transcriptomics enables a response pattern as a massive molecular biomarker fingerprint. This biomarkomic approach has been recently applied to the autochthonous, non-model amphibian Rhinella arenarum exposed to organophosphorus pesticides. The whole transcriptome study enabled the annotation of approximately 57 thousand gene sequences, an excellent starting point considering that the R. arenarum genome remains unknown. In parallel, massive biomarkomic analysis has confirmed that a few top-regulated genes are commonly affected by contaminant exposure, while more genes are specifically affected by either organophosphorus pesticide. Interestingly, none of the target or responding genes typically recognized for organophosphorus pesticides at the biochemical or molecular levels were found among the top-regulated genes in the biomarkomic analysis. This fact was also confirmed by a hypothesis-driven DEG analysis focused on these recognized targets for organophosphorus effects and responses, except for a very few genes related to detoxification, metabolism, and regulation. Our efforts are now directed to long-noncoding RNA biomarkomics as well as the extension of our transcriptomic studies to other contaminants and other aquatic autochthonous species.
Genotoxic, Biochemical and Physiological Biomarkers Triggered by Agrochemicals in Neotropical Anuran Species
Authors: Pérez-Iglesias Juan Manuel , Bach Nadia C. , Cid Fabricio D. , Franco-Belussi Lilian , de Arcaute Celeste Ruiz , Salla Raquel
Published: December 2023

At present, there are two key features of Neotropical amphibians’ biodiversity: one is that it is amazing and the other is that it is disappearing. This region has the highest diversity of species containing more species of amphibians than tropical Africa and Southeast Asia combined. Examination of assessment data for all Neotropical anuran species shows that modern agricultural practises top the list of threats, posing risks to up to 30% of all the assessed species. This type of agriculture makes use of a wide range of agrochemicals for genetically modified tolerant seeds. In this context, biomarkers, understood as the cellular, biochemical, physiological or histological quality in living organisms to assess the exposure or effect of xenobiotics, including agrochemicals, can provide connection clues on the exposure and biological responses in amphibians such as anurans. The information obtained from these sources can be later valid in the field for implementing environmental risk assessment strategies. The chapter aims to describe the use of biomarkers at the genetic, biochemical and physiological levels to validate their usefulness as endpoints in Neotropical anuran species to be used as validating tools indicating genotoxicology and ecotoxicology due to exposure to xenobiotics.
Multi-analyte Methods and High-resolution Mass Spectrometry for Hair Analysis
Authors: Vincenti Marco
Published: December 2023

This chapter examines the mass-spectrometric instrumentation most commonly used in hair analysis, together with its evolution following both technological advancements and new analytical challenges that involve hair testing. Parallel progress of hair testing queries’ complexity and the performance of mass-spectrometric instrumentation is observed. In turn, these analytical performances are strictly connected with technological innovations and original devices concerning mass spectrometers. These two aspects are preliminary discussed in this chapter, with reference to the latest studies only. Then, an overview of the main application fields of hair testing is presented and the recent inherent literature is examined with specific consideration of the instrumental approach and procedures utilized therein. Most of these applications concern the area of forensic toxicology and in particular the detection of old and new drugs of abuse, but a relatively new topic that collects increasing interest is that of metabolomics, which is surveyed in detail.
Hair Analysis to Understand the Diffusion of New Psychoactive Substances
Authors: Salomone A.
Published: December 2023

Hair testing offers a unique perspective in the investigation of drug consumption, provided that a large panel of target analytes is considered. In this chapter, the available information and interpretation of results obtainable from hair analysis, in terms of trends and pattern of new psychoactive substance (NPS) and novel synthetic opioid (NSO) prevalence, are explored. In particular, (i) the diffusion of NPS/NSO, and (ii) the co-use of traditional and new drugs, are discussed. When large populations are subjected to NPS/NSO hair analysis, then the relevant gathered results can provide epidemiological data on trends and extent of use in the community. Therefore, epidemiology studies based on hair analysis can increase the knowledge about NPS/NSO use among high-risk populations and produce useful information to inform the policy-makers and the national health systems.
Metals in Hair
Authors: Goullé J. P.
Published: December 2023

Hair analysis has mainly been applied to expose drugs of abuse, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, poisons, and mineral elements. For metals, hair analysis is useful to document exposure to these elements in addition to the standard use of biological fluids such as urine and blood. Nevertheless, hair mineral analysis is hindered by the difficulty of distinguishing between endogenous and exogenous sources, so exogenous contamination has greatly limited its application. In this chapter, metal incorporation, hair washing procedures, and sample preparation are developed and it is shown that the data obtained for the elements are highly dependent on hair washing and preparation procedures, as well as on the specific analytical method used. With regard to analytical methods, definitive progress for the determination of minerals in hair has been achieved in recent years with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) techniques such as ICP-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ICP-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and the new bioimaging techniques including laser ablation (LA-ICP-MS). The applications of metal analysis in hair are assessed regarding their use in many fields: medical such as therapeutic monitoring and clinical toxicology, forensic toxicology, environmental monitoring, workplace exposure, and the geochemical and archaeological domains.
X-ray and Neutron Scattering
Authors: Yamaguchi Toshio
Published: December 2023

X-ray and neutron scattering techniques combined with empirical potential structure refinement (EPSR) modeling give us direct information on the three-dimensional structure (interatomic distance and coordination number) of ion solvation and association, metal complexes, and solvents in solutions. This chapter will give a theoretical background to X-ray and neutron scattering, EPSR modeling, instrumentation, data treatment, and applications to ion solvation and metal complexes in solution.
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Persson Ingmar
Published: December 2023

X-ray absorption spectroscopy has been one of the most used tools to study structures and structural changes in chemistry, especially since synchrotron light facilities became available almost 50 years ago. This chapter will give a theoretical background to X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and methods and applications in inorganic and metalorganic chemistry.
Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: Torii Hajime
Published: December 2023

Vibrational spectroscopy is useful for getting information on intermolecular interactions and/or mutual molecular configurations in condensed phases or in clusters of molecules. Metal ions can perturb the vibrations of the ligands or solvents, and the bands arising directly from intermolecular vibrational modes, such as the metal–ligand or metal⋯solvent stretching mode, may also be measured and analysed. In this chapter, some important aspects of these will be given with some typical example cases.
Hydration and Solvation of Metal Ions
Authors: Persson Ingmar
Published: December 2023

This chapter summarizes the experimentally reported structures of hydrated and solvated metal ions in solution and the solid state. The oxygen donor solvents dimethylsulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, and N,N′-dimethylpropyleneurea and the nitrogen donor solvents acetonitrile and liquid ammonia have been selected because a relatively large number of solvate structures, in both the solid state and solution, have been reported. Their bonding characteristics are fairly different and can therefore act as models for a wide range of solvents. N,N′-Dimethylpropyleneurea is selected as it is space-demanding upon coordination forcing many metal ions to adopt lower coordination numbers than for most oxygen donor solvents. The physico-chemical impact of a lower coordination number with low symmetry is discussed. Liquid ammonia is representative for solvents with a strong electron-pair donor ability, and the impact on the coordination chemistry is discussed.
Ion Solvation in Non-aqueous and Mixed Solvents
Authors: Umebayashi Yasuhiro , Persson Ingmar
Published: December 2023

The structure and stability of a metal ion solvate depend on the steric demands of the solvent molecule upon coordination. Water is a small molecule without steric demands, and the coordination number of metal ion hydrates is given by the number of oxygen atoms able to cluster around a metal ion with a given ionic radius. Some solvent molecules as tetramethyl- and dimethylpropyleneurea and hexamethylphosphoramide have methyl groups close to the oxygen donor atom, which make them require much more space upon coordination. The structures and physico-chemical properties of metal ion solvates with and without steric demands upon coordination, and thereby different crowdedness in the solvation sphere, are discussed in addition to selective solvation in mixed solvents.
Electron Transfer Reactions in Solution
Authors: Takagi Hideo D.
Published: December 2023

In this section, the general theories of electron transfer reactions with a stress on the relation between adiabaticity and the reaction coordinate are described. Although adiabaticity of reactions has been rarely explained in chemistry textbooks, proper knowledge of adiabaticity and the reaction coordinate is essential for understanding chemical reactions. Generally, chemical reactions proceed along the diabatic surface of the reactant which intersects with the diabatic surface of the product at the transition state. Perturbation theory for a degenerate system along the reaction coordinate defines whether the degeneration is resolved (lifted) at the crossing point or not: degeneration is resolved and two adiabatic surfaces emerge at the crossing point only when the symmetries of two diabatic surfaces are identical to each other. Thermal reactions are allowed to proceed along the lower-energy adiabatic surface, while no thermal reaction is allowed to occur when two diabatic surfaces cross at the transition state. The degree of separation between two adiabatic surfaces determines the probability of successful thermal electron transfer reactions, and therefore the adiabaticity of electron transfer reactions depends on the degree of coupling between the orbitals of the reactants which is related to the distance between the reactants.
Precise evaluation of batch adsorption kinetics of plant total polyphenols based on a flow-injection online spectrophotometric method
Authors: Guo Gaowei , Muhammad Turghun , Aimaiti Zulihumaer , Dolkun Almire , Tian Mei , Zhao Qian , Reheman Aikebaier
Published: December 2023

A new merging-zone FIA method was developed for on-line detection of total polyphenol during the batch adsorption process of plant extract by adsorption resin, and the kinetic curves were precisely constructed to find the most suitable kinetic model.
Nutritional quality of the traditionally cooked Zamnè, a wild legume and a delicacy in Burkina Faso: assessment of the process effectiveness and the properties of cooking alkalis
Authors: Drabo Moustapha Soungalo , Shumoy Habtu , De Meulenaer Bruno , Savadogo Aly , Raes Katleen
Published: December 2023

Zamnè is a wild legume and famine food that attracts interest for its health benefits and has become a delicacy in Burkina Faso. This study describes its nutritional properties and investigates the traditional alkaline cooking process effectiveness.
A critical review on intestinal mucosal barrier protection effects of dietary polysaccharides
Authors: Yan Weiqi , Luo Jinhai , Yu Zhiling , Xu Baojun
Published: December 2023

Studies have shown that the various parts of intestinal barrier can synergistically defend against pathogens in multiple ways.
Dietary methionine supplementation during the estrous cycle improves follicular development and estrogen synthesis in rats
Authors: Yang Guangxin , Li Siyu , Cai Shuang , Zhou Junyan , Ye Qianhong , Zhang Shihai , Chen Fang , Wang Fenglai , Zeng Xiangfang
Published: December 2023

A follicle is an important unit for the synthesis of steroid hormones and the oocyte development and maturation in mammals.
In vivo senescence imaging nanoprobe targets the associated reactive oxygen species
Authors: Lee Seung Koo , Han Myung Shin , Tung Ching-Hsuan
Published: December 2023

A novel nanoprobe, named D3, has been designed to detect the highly elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in senescent cells. Conversely, the non-senescent cells whose ROS level is too low to activate D3 signal remain optically silent.
A straightforward and rapid synthesis of polydithioacetals in the presence of chlorodimethylsilane
Authors: Luleburgaz Serter , Akar Emre , Tunca Umit , Durmaz Hakan
Published: December 2023

Rapid synthesis of polydithioacetals (PDTAs) under mild conditions in high yields and varying molecular weights in the presence of chlorodimethylsilane (CDMS) is reported.
Rapid building block-economic synthesis of long, multi-O-GalNAcylated MUC5AC tandem repeat peptides
Authors: Galashov Arseniy , Kazakova Ekaterina , Stieger Christian E. , Hackenberger Christian P. R. , Seitz Oliver
Published: December 2023

New methods allow the very smooth synthesis of highly pure MUC5AC glycopeptides containing 20 GalNAc units on 10 tandem repeats within a week.
Multi‐user beamforming with a reconfigurable intelligent surface using stereo camera images
Authors: Ebihara Akira , Kumagai Akira , Kataoka Mizuki , Ui Yutaka , Kagaya Osamu , Morikawa Hiroyuki , Narusue Yoshiaki
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes and experimentally evaluates, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) control system for multiple users using stereo camera images. The aim is to enable fast and fair received signal strength (RSS) beamforming for multiple users. In the proposed system, a stereo camera is mounted on top of the RIS. Human bodies are recognized from the obtained images. Subsequently, the beam directions and the phase of the RIS are calculated for the estimated positions. The stereo camera‐based scheme enables fast beamforming because channel state information estimation is omitted. Moreover, identical RSS beamforming is enabled by calculating the weighted sums of the RIS phases for multiple users utilizing distance and angle information of users from the RIS obtained using the stereo camera. Experiments are conducted in an anechoic chamber using RIS operating at 28 GHz. The efficacy of the RIS control system using stereo camera images and its ability to increase the RSS fairly for multiple users is validated via simulations and experiments.
Double, double, toil, and trouble
Authors: Wethers C. F. , Aalto S. , Privon G. C. , Stanley F. , Gallagher J. , Gorski M. , König S. , Onishi K. , Sato M. , Yang C. , Beswick R. , Barcos-Munoz L. , Combes F. , Diaz-Santos T. , Evans A. S. , Garcia-Bernete I. , Henkel C. , Imanishi M. , Martín S. , Muller S. , Nishimura Y. , Ricci C. , Rigopoulou D. , Viti S.
Published: December 2023

Context. Compact obscured nuclei (CONs) are an extremely obscured (NH2 > 1025 cm−2) class of galaxy nuclei thought to exist in 20–40 per cent of nearby (ultra-)luminous infrared galaxies While they have been proposed to represent a key phase of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback cycle, the nature of these CONs – what powers them, their dynamics, and their impact on the host galaxy – remains unknown.

Aims. This work analyses the galaxy-scale optical properties of the local CON NGC 4418 (z = 0.00727). The key aims of the study are to understand the impact of nuclear outflows on the host galaxy and infer the power source of its CON. Through the mapping of the galaxy spectra and kinematics, we seek to identify new structures in NGC 4418 to ultimately reveal more about the CON’s history, its impact on the host, and, more generally, the role CONs play in galaxy evolution.

Methods. We present new, targeted integral field unit observations of the galaxy with the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE). For the first time, we mapped the ionised and neutral gas components of the galaxy, along with their dynamical structure, to reveal several previously unknown features of the galaxy.

Results. We confirm the presence of a previously postulated, blueshifted outflow along the minor axis of NGC 4418. We find this outflow to be decelerating and, for the first time, show it to extend in both directions from the nucleus. We report the discovery of two further outflow structures: a redshifted southern outflow connected to a tail of ionised gas surrounding the galaxy and a blueshifted bubble to the north. In addition to these features, we find the [O III] emission reveals the presence of knots across the galaxy, which are consistent with regions of the galaxy that have been photoionised by an AGN.

Conclusions. We identify several new features in NGC 4418, including a bubble structure, a reddened outflow, and [O III] knot structures throughout the galaxy. We additionally confirm the presence of a bilateral blueshifted outflow along the minor axis. Based on the properties of these features, we conclude that the CON in NGC 4418 is most likely powered by AGN activity.
Imaging ultracompact objects with radiatively inefficient accretion flows
Authors: Saurabh  , Bambhaniya Parth , Joshi Pankaj S.
Published: December 2023

Context. Recent Event Horizon Telescope observations of M 87* and Sgr A* strongly suggest the presence of a supermassive black hole at their respective cores. We use the semi-analytic radiatively inefficient accretion flows (RIAF) model to investigate the resulting images of the Joshi–Malafarina–Narayan (JMN-1) naked singularity and the Schwarzschild black hole.

Aims. We chose the JMN-1 naked singularity model and compared the synchrotron images with the Schwarzschild solution to search for any distinct features that can distinguish the two objects and to find an alternative to the solution with a black hole.

Methods. We performed general relativistic ray-tracing and radiative transfer simulations using the Brahma code to generate synchrotron-emission images using the thermal distribution function for emissivity and absorptivity. We investigated effects in the images by varying the inclination angle, the disk width, and the frequency.

Results. The shadow images simulated with the JMN-1 model closely resemble those generated by the Schwarzschild black hole. The disparities between the two images are very small. We conducted simulations using various plasma parameters, but the resulting images remained largely consistent for both scenarios. This similarity is evident in the horizontal cross-sectional brightness profiles of the two scenarios. Notably, the JMN-1 model exhibits a slightly higher intensity than the Schwarzschild black hole.

Conclusions. We conclude that JMN-1 is a viable substitute for the black hole scenario. This conclusion is not solely grounded in the fact that the two scenarios are indistinguishable from their respective shadow observations, but also in the consideration that JMN-1 emerges as an end state of a continual gravitational collapse. This paradigm not only allows for constraints on spacetime, but also provides a good probe for the nature of the central compact object.
Probability of hotspots emergence using Consecutive Dry Days (CDD) in West Kalimantan
Authors: Dwi Purwanti Siti , Putu Okta Veanti Desak , Sucahyono Sosaidi Dedi , Adhitiansyah Daffa , Abil Nurjani Muhammad , Yuwan Purnama Fahmi , Fatahilah Raymon M.
Published: December 2023

West Kalimantan has experienced significant loss of wet primary forests in recent years. During 2017-2021, the region also faced considerable forest and land fires compared to other areas in Kalimantan. Factors such as low rainfall and prolonged drought have contributed to the occurrence of forest fire. This research was conducted using daily rainfall data at 127 observation points and hotspot data during 2012 to 2021. The research results show monthly CDD characteristics in West Kalimantan, with the highest number of CDD occurring in Kubu Raya Regency for 126 days and the lowest in Kayong Utara, Melawi, Kubu Raya, Sambas, Kapuas Hulu, Bengkayang, Mempawah, Sintang, and Pontianak City for 3 days. The hotspot distribution pattern indicates the highest number of hotspots occurring in August throughout the 10-year period. Hotspots probability varies for each CDD category: very short CDD has a probability ranging from 0.01 to 0.11, short CDD has a probability ranging from 0.03 to 0.33, moderate CDD has a probability ranging from 0.03 to 0.38, long CDD has a probability ranging from 0.00 to 0.53, very long CDD has a probability ranging from 0.00 to 0.43, and extremely long CDD has a probability ranging from 0.10 to 0.48.
Simulation of flood inundation in the Klawing Watershed, Purbalingga, Central Java
Authors: Bekti Santoso Purwanto , Putra Ramanda Mahendra , Gunawan Wariyatno Nanang , Heri Sudibyo Gathot , Pamudji Gandjar , Hardini Probo , Wahyu Indriyati Eva , Nastain  , Setyo Nugroho Paulus , Yanto  , Mulyono Bagyo , Widyaningrum Arnie
Published: December 2023

The initial phase of flood disaster management necessitates the identification of inundated areas. Employing numerical calculations in flood inundation simulations offers distinct advantages, primarily in its capacity to craft scenarios for assessing the efficacy of implemented measures. The flood inundation in the Klawing watershed was simulated numerically using HEC-RAS 5.0.7. Upstream boundary conditions were incorporated, employing all estimated extreme flood hydrographs across various return periods: 2 years, 5 years, 10 years, 25 years, 50 years, 100 years, and 1000 years. The disaster mitigation infrastructure for the Klawing River watershed should be planned considering potential flood damages across a range from low to very high. The sensitivity of the inundated area to various return periods of the flood hydrograph suggests that this can be achieved by utilizing flood hydrographs with return periods of 5 years, 10 years, 25 years, 50 years, and 1000 years, respectively.
Flood analyses at downstream of Cimadur River in Upper Cimadur Basin using HEC-RAS
Authors: Kastamto  , Fitri Arniza , Subhi Nurul Hadie Muhammad , Safitri Destiana , Susarman  , Pratiwi Dian
Published: December 2023

Cimadur Basin has faced recurring flood issues in recent years, particularly downstream of the Cimadur River during the rainy season. This condition has drawn the attention of local engineers and water resource managers. This study aims to address these flood problems by identifying the most critical floodprone areas along the Cimadur River. To achieve this, we simulated floodwater levels for various return periods (5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years) using HEC-RAS software. Field measurements were conducted to obtain cross-sectional data for the Cimadur River, and land-use information for the Cimadur Basin was sourced from PT Saeba. The analysis using HEC-RAS revealed that seven downstream locations along the Cimadur River experience extreme floodwater levels during heavy rainfall, making them highly susceptible to severe flood impacts. In these locations, three are in proximity to residential areas, two are adjacent to rice fields, and the remaining two are close to crop areas. The flood events in these seven areas pose a significant risk to local residents’ safety, endanger surrounding structures, and threaten crop yields in rice and crop fields. Addressing these flood-prone zones is crucial for safeguarding the well-being of the community and minimizing damage.
Sentiment analysis using naive bayes for reviews of visitors to Padang City beach tourism after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Astri Renita , Po Hung Lai , Binti Sura Suaini , Kamal Ahmad , Yuliet Rina
Published: December 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on the economy of Padang City. To revive the economy, especially in the tourism sector, the government is trying to improve services to visitors so that the number of tourist visits increases again. As one of the efforts is to find out the opinion of tourists on the beach tourism area visited. This research aims to assist the Padang City government in knowing the positive or negative responses of tourists through the sentiment analysis process to the beach tourism they visit so that The Government of Padang City can determine the policies to be taken in connection with the reviews given by beach tourism visitors. By using reviews on Google Maps on the attractions of Air Manis Beach, Padang Beach, Pasir Jambak Beach, Nirwana Beach, and Pasir Putih Beach, clustering is carried out with the Naive Bayes classification algorithm. Based on the results of the analysis that has been done, 2 of the 5 beaches get negative reviews, namely Pasir Jambak Beach and Pasir Putih Beach which get negative values of 0.550 and 0.650.
The capacity building of Disaster Risk Reduction Forum (F-PRB) West Sumatra Province in increasing the performance
Authors: Yulivestra Malse , Koeswara Hendri , Apriwan  , Ichsan Kabullah Muhammad
Published: December 2023

The aims of this study are to describe and analyze how the building capacity at the Disaster Risk Reduction Forum in West Sumatra Province (F-PRB). This research is based on the importance of the existence of Disaster Risk Management Forum related to disaster risk reduction that often occurs in West Sumatera region. The role of F-PRB that is not yet maximized is also the background of this research. This study applied descriptive qualitative research methods with data collection methods are interviews and documentation. All obtained data were analyzed in etic and emic to find a conclusion. The conclusion of this study is the organizational capacity development carried out by the West Sumatra Province Disaster Risk Management Forum is still not optimal at the system, organizational, and individual levels. This is due to the lack of support from the government, private sector, and memberships related to the facilities, infrastructures, and budgets. In the future, it is hoped that the government, both at the central and regional levels, private sector will improve and add facilities and infrastructure, as well as the budget for the F-PRB of West Sumatra Province so that it can carry out its functions and roles optimally.
Accuracy assessment of spatial interpolations methods using ArcGIS
Authors: Darmawan Yahya , Munawar  , Anugerah Atmojo Dwiki , Wahyujati Huda , Nainggolan Lamtupa
Published: December 2023

The Inverse Distance Weight (IDW), Spline, and Ordinary Kriging (OK) methods are widely used for interpolating spatial data. Many GIS software options are available, particularly for spatial interpolation. This study aims to assess the accuracy of interpolation approaches based on Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) data in ArcGIS 10.8. The research used monthly precipitation data extracted from 147 rain gauge station locations in North Sumatra Province. Additionally, eight stations from BMKG's network were excluded from the interpolation process and instead used as validation data. Validation was conducted by calculating error statistics between the predicted and actual data at these excluded points. The predicted data was generated by interpolating values from the 147 rain gauge stations, excluding the eight points corresponding to the validation data locations. The interpolation was done using ArcGIS 10.8 with the IDW, Spline, and Kriging toolbox. A comparison was performed by assessing error parameters and Pearson correlation coefficients. According to the accuracy assessment, both IDW and OK show comparable performance; both are better than spline interpolation. In addition, the box plot chart demonstrated that the spline technique had a tendency to generate outlier values along the perimeters of the study area.
Estimation of earthwork volume for Klarik-Teluk Buton road construction in Natuna Regency, Riau Island
Authors: Fitri Arniza , Pratama Hastha Yuda , Masrilayanti  , Lestari Fera , Pramita Galuh , Pratiwi Dian , Roza Angelalia
Published: December 2023

Earthworks (land cutting and filling) are crucial initial stages before undertaking the road and bridge projects. These work processes are carried out to achieve the road's desired elevation and soil density according to the project plan. Land’s cutting and filling volumes in the road projects can be calculated based on topographic mapping. Further, the data on land’s cutting and filling volumes can be used to determine the total required soil for construction work. This study attempts to estimate the total volumes of excavation and landfilling works along the Klarik-Teluk Buton road development in Natuna Regency, Riau Islands Province. The method employed to calculate excavation and landfilling volumes for the Klarik-Teluk Buton Road Development is the composite volume method, which involves calculating the difference in elevation between the original and planned surface contours using AutoCAD Land Desktop 2009 software. The calculations show an excavation volume of 40.112 m3 and a landfill volume of 142.867 m3 for the area of the Klarik-Teluk Buton Road. Based on the calculations, it is found that there is a shortage of 102.755 m3 of landfilling soil for the Klarik-Teluk Buton road development.
Emergency stop lane design on national road in West Sumatra (case study: Panorama 1 Sitinjau Lauik)
Authors: Herman Hazmal , Irawan Bayu Budi , Wijayanti Surya Maiyora , Daoed Darwizal
Published: December 2023

West Sumatra Province has geographical conditions consisting of lowlands and highlands. These geographical conditions certainly affect the geometric conditions of the road, especially on the Panorama 1 Sitinjau Lauik National Road Section. One of the factors that cause accidents is a vehicle that has failed brakes. This study aims to calculate the length of the emergency stop lane; plan the structure of the building; and plan a modeling design. The results of the Emergency Stop Route Design research showed that the overall dimensions were 240 m. Preliminary design results are as follows: Beam (600 mm width and 1100 mm height), Amount of flexural reinforcement: Compression reinforcement 8 D – 25 mm; Tensile reinforcement 4 D – 25 mm; Amount of shear reinforcement: Area of support 2Ø13-100 mm, Area of field 2Ø13-150 mm. Cross beam width 300 mm and height 600 mm. Amount of flexural reinforcement: compression reinforcement 3 D 16 mm; Tensile reinforcement 3 D 16 mm. Number of shear reinforcement: Support area 2Ø13-100 mm and field area 2Ø13-150 mm. For longitudinal reinforcement, the diameter is ø10 – 200 mm, the tie reinforcement has a diameter of ø10 – 200 mm and the vertical reinforcement has a diameter of ø16 – 150 mm.
The structural analysis of school buildings in West Pasaman as tsunami shelters
Authors: Zaidir  , Mariadi
Published: December 2023

The shelter buildings of SDN 02 Sasak Ranah Pasisie and MTS Darul Hikmah Sikilang at West Pasaman were built in year 2010-2011, but until year 2021, the construction were not completed yet. To continue the construction of these shelters, the structural analysis is first carried out to know the existing condition of the buildings. The structural analysis is carried out in order to find out whether the shelter buildings is still feasible to resist the working loads. The calculation of the working loads using the new SNI 1726-2019, including tsunami loads. Data of concrete quality is taken using a hammer test and the reinforcing steel by conducting a tensile test from the reinforcement sample taken in the field. To find out the capacity of foundation, the DCP (Dutch Cone Penetrometer) testing is carried out to obtain the qc (conus) value and the depth of hard soil. Structural analysis using a computer program with a 3D building model. From structural analysis is found that all dimensions of element as well as reinforcement of flexure and shear of structural element such as columns and beams including foundation are able to resist the working loads in accordance with the new SNI 1726-2019.
Disaster mitigation through oral stories: a case study around Singkarak Lake
Authors: Anwar Khairil , Oktavianus  , Khanh Varhanno Khallifhatul , Khanh Vitrya Qurratu Ayuni
Published: December 2023

This study describes the disaster mitigation strategy around Singkarak Lake, Solok, and Tanah Datar District West Sumatra through the oral stories of ecological sites. Disaster management in Indonesia seems to ignore local memories contained in oral stories because they are considered myths. This study is an attempt to investigate how people build knowledge of disasters and how they understand disasters by utilizing the oral story of their environmental ecological sites. It is qualitative research in which the data for this study are collected by using the participant observation method. Besides, the interview with the local community as the source of data is also done. The results of the study indicate that the communities have an oral story on ecological sites. They believe in the contents of the story as truth and follow it as part of the social structure. The communities know and realize that they live in disaster-prone areas so the taboos and advice contained in the oral stories are agreed upon as oral norms to always maintain the balance of nature in their environmental landscape. Pilgrimages and salvations are routinely held at the graves of village leaders as a part of building togetherness and loyalty to the ancestors.