bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interference-aware scheme to improve distributed caching in cellular networks via D2D underlay communications
Authors: Eleff Amira , Mousa Mohamed , Nassar Hamed
Published: October 2024

Underlay Device-to-Device (D2D) communications is a promising networking technology intended to boost thespectral efficiency of future cellular networks, including 5G and beyond. When used for distributed caching, where cellulardevices store popular files for direct exchange later with other devices away from the cellular infrastructure, the technologybears more fruits such as enhancing throughput, reducing latency and offloading the infrastructure. However, due to theirnon-orthogonality, underlay D2D communications can result in excessive interference to the cellular user. To avoid thisproblem, the present article proposes a scheme with two interference-reduction elements: a guard zone intended to allowD2D communications only for devices far enough from the base station (BS), and a pairing strategy intended to allow D2Dpairing for only devices that are close enough to each other. We assess the performance of the scheme using a stochasticgeometry (SG) model, through which we characterize the coverage probability of the cellular user. This probability is aprincipal indicator of maintaining the quality of service (QoS) of the cellular user and of enabling successful caching for theD2D user. We introduce in the process a novel empirical technique which, given a desired level of interference, identifiesan upper bound for the distance between two devices to be paired without exceeding that level. We finally validate theanalytical findings obtained from the model by intensive simulation to ensure the correctness of both the model and thescheme performance. A salient feature of the scheme is that it requires for its implementation no software or hardwaremodification in the device
A dynamic bi-objective optimization model for a closed loop supply chain design under environmental policies
Authors: Labbi Oulfa , Ahmadi Abdeslam
Published: October 2024

Given the increasing focus on sustainability and environmental policy constraints, companies are required to redesign their supply chains. This paper explores the optimization of a closed loop supply chain (CLSC) network under both economic and environmental considerations. To achieve this, a bi-objective mixed integer linear model was developed. The proposed model identifies the optimal selection of CLSC facilities and manages both forward and reverse flows between them. The economic objective is reached by minimizing the total CLSC costs, while the environmental objective is satisfied by reducing CO2 emissions throughout the network. Products can be returned throughout their entire life cycle, which is why our model incorporates a dynamic aspect by considering product life cycle phases as time periods for the decision horizon. The model was tested through numerical experiments using a meta-heuristic approach based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm NSGA-II. This algorithm produces a set of Pareto-optimal solutions that balance both objectives effectively. The results showed good performance in terms of computational time and optimization. Pareto solutions offered various options for managers and decision makers aiming for a sustainable closed loop supply chain design.
A New Family of Continuous Distributions with Applications
Authors: Kalt Hazim Ghdhaib
Published: October 2024

This article introduces a novel set of optimizing probability distributions known as the Survival Power-G (SP-G) family, which employs a specific approach to introduce an additional parameter with the survival function of the original distributions. The utilization of this family enhances the modelling capabilities of diverse existing continuous distributions. By applying this approach to the single-parameter exponential distribution, a new two-parameter Survival Power-Exponential (SP-E) distribution is generated. The statistical characteristics of this fresh distribution and the maximum likelihood estimator are established, and Monte Carlo simulation is utilized to explore the efficiency of the maximum likelihood estimator of the two parameters under varying sample sizes. Subsequently, the new distribution is employed in the analysis of three distinct sets of real data. Through comparison with alternative distributions on these datasets, it is demonstrated that the new distribution outperforms the other distributions.
Los problemas ciber vistos desde el Derecho internacional. Un gran reto a enfrentar
Authors: Quispe Remón Florabel
Published: October 2024

En primer lugar, el trabajo aborda los problemas que generan los avances tecnológicos utilizados maliciosamente con el fin de dañar a la víctima, los aspectos que pueden influir en estos ataques y los Estados más involucrados en los mismos; así como la respuesta a éstos a través de la ciberseguridad. En segundo lugar, analiza el Derecho internacional aplicable a los ataques producidos en el ciberespacio, que no es otro que el preexistente, como es el caso de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas de 1945, ante la ausencia de normas que regulen el ciberespacio. Este instrumento estaba orientado para hacer frente a ataques en espacios tradicionalmente conocidos como el aéreo, terrestre y marítimo en los que no estaba incluido el ciberespacio. De este modo, se realiza un estudio minucioso sobre el derecho aplicable hoy al ciberespacio y los avances sobre su regulación en el Derecho internacional, a fin de determinar su eficacia y/o necesidad de adoptar normas específicas que regulen el ciberespacio.
Brief History of the Uncontrolled Manifold Hypothesis and Its Role in Motor Control
Authors: Latash Mark L.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: The apparent problem of motor redundancy was replaced by the principle of abundance and turned into a theoretical framework and associated toolbox for exploration of performance-stabilizing synergies.
AIM and METHOD: We review briefly the development of the main methods within the UCM framework and some of the main findings, both basic and clinical. The UCM framework is naturally merged with the theory of hierarchical movement control with spatial referent coordinates.
RESULTS: The UCM framework has established itself as a productive framework for the analysis of movement control, in particular as related to stability of salient performance variables. It led to the discovery of novel phenomena such as trade-offs within hierarchical systems, anticipatory synergy adjustments, synergies within systems of different complexity from single muscles to the whole body. It has also led to promising results offering sensitive biomarkers to various neurological disorders. Recent experiments suggest the existence of three main levels of organization of performance-stabilizing synergies tentatively associated with cortical, subcortical, and spinal circuitry.
CONCLUSION: Currently, this approach is in its adulthood. Further progress may be expected in focusing on spaces of neural control variables, developing the method for analysis across species, and expanding the range and depth of clinical studies.
Changes in economic deprivation and parental self-efficacy: Unemployment, poverty, and the mediating effect of psychological distress
Authors: Stein Annika
Published: October 2024

Objective: The article investigates the influence of three aspects of economic deprivation on parental self-efficacy, and whether, or to what extent, these effects are mediated by psychological distress.
Background: Scholarship shows that psychological resources such as parental self-efficacy can attenuate the negative repercussions of poverty for families. The article builds on the family stress model that higlights the role of economic deprivation for family functioning by Conger and colleagues. It focuses on the consequences of transitioning into unemployment, objective poverty, and subjective poverty for parental self-efficacy, and the potential mediating effect of psychological distress.
Method: Using data from the German Family Panel (pairfam) Waves 4 to 12 (2011–2020), Baron and Kenny mediation analyses are conducted based on fixed effects regressions with standard errors based on clustered bootstrap procedure.
Results: The results show that transitioning into subjective poverty significantly decreases parental self-efficacy, and that only a marginal part of this effect is mediated by psychological distress. A transition into objective poverty, by contrast, has no effect on parental self-efficacy. Likewise, unemployment has no direct effect on parental self-efficacy. However, transitioning into short-term unemployment reduces psychological distress and thereby buffers parent’s self-efficacy. This does by contrast not apply for long-term unemployment.
Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the importance of differentiating between specific aspects of economic deprivation when investigating its consequences for parental self-efficacy and considering psychological distress as a potential mediator. Moreover, the findings provide longitudinal evidence for the consequences of a transition into economic deprivation for parental self-efficacy and point to the presence of gender effects with regard to unemployment.
Contribution of 3D virtual modeling in locating hepatic metastases, particularly “vanishing tumors”: a pilot study
Authors: Salavracos Mike , de Hemptinne Alexandre , De Poortere Tancrède , Coubeau Laurent
Published: October 2024

Aim: This article aims to explore how three dimensions (3D) virtual modeling enhances accuracy and efficiency in detecting hepatic metastases, with a specific focus on “vanishing tumors” that are difficult to detect using traditional imaging techniques. It also aims to demonstrate the potential impact of these advanced technologies on improving diagnostic and treatment strategies for patients with liver cancer.

Methods: Eight patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer were studied using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 3D virtual modeling to enhance surgical planning by accurately locating lesions. The concordance between these imaging techniques and the Gold Standard was assessed using Gwet’s AC1 coefficient, with statistical analysis performed through resampling methods and non-parametric tests due to non-normal AC1 distribution. Liver segmentation was conducted semi-automatically using SurgiPrint software, which is crucial for detecting lesions undetectable post-chemotherapy. The study’s evaluation model involved questionnaires for medical professionals across four cohorts, aiming to determine the 3D model’s effectiveness in identifying lesion locations for surgery.

Results: This study investigated the efficacy of 3D virtual modeling in identifying hepatic metastases, particularly comparing its accuracy with traditional MRI in locating lesions. The findings indicate that MRI generally provided better concordance with the Gold Standard for lesion localization, except for a few experienced users who had prior familiarity with the 3D models. Despite the mixed results in accuracy, the study suggests potential benefits of 3D modeling in enhancing surgical planning and execution, particularly in detecting “vanishing” liver metastases that are difficult to visualize with standard imaging techniques. The research aligns with broader evidence indicating the utility of 3D models in improving outcomes in hepatic surgery by enabling more precise resections and reducing postoperative complications. However, the study also notes the challenge of quantifying the added value of 3D modeling due to the unique nature of each surgical case and the potential bias in the user experience with the technology.

Conclusion: The conclusion of this study underscores the significant potential of 3D virtual modeling in enhancing the precision of locating and resecting hepatic metastases, particularly those elusive “vanishing tumors”. This research underscores the value of integrating advanced 3D imaging techniques into surgical practice, suggesting a paradigm shift toward more accurate and less invasive liver surgeries. Future studies should aim to further quantify the benefits of 3D modeling in surgical outcomes, investigate its utility across different surgical experiences, and explore the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) to maximize its effectiveness in clinical settings.
Mewujudkan Sistem Meritokrasi Pasca Lahirnya Kewenangan Penjabat Kepala Daerah untuk Memutasi Pegawai Negeri Sipil (Tinjauan terhadap Surat Edaran Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 821/5492/SJ)
Authors: Nurmalita Ayuningtyas Harahap
Published: October 2024

Circular Letter of the Minister of Home Affairs ('SE Mendagri') No. 821/5492/SJ grants authority to the Mayor (in charge) of the Province to re-assignation or to dismiss civil servants ('PNS') or state civil apparatus ('ASN') without the approval of the Ministry of Home Affairs (Kemendagri), and thus, such policy has caused several polemics, particularly in reagards to the re-assignation of Civil Servants. The problems in this study are first, what is the position of SE Mendagri No. 821/5492/SJ among the legal instruments issued by the government? Second, How are efforts to actualise the Meritocracy System following the Authority of Acting Regional Heads to Re-assign Civil Servants Based on SE Mendagri No. 821/5492/SJ? The approach in this study employs a statutory and conceptual regulatory approach, whilst the type of research used is normative legal research. The data collection method utilises literature studies. The results of the study indicate that SE Mendagri is included in policy regulations and the government needs to revoke and declare it invalid to actualize meritocracy. The conclusion of the study presents that the SE Mendagri is a policy regulation in accordance with the characteristics of the policy regulation that has been described and the government needs to revoke and declare it invalid to realize the implementation of the meritocracy system.Keywords: Circular Letter, Meritocracy System, Re-assignation.
AbstrakSurat Edaran Menteri Dalam Negeri (SE Mendagri) No. 821/5492/SJ memberikan wewenang kepada Wali Kota (Pj) Provinsi untuk melakukan mutasi atau pemberhentian pegawai negeri sipil (PNS) atau aparatur sipil negara (ASN) tanpa persetujuan Kementerian Dalam Negeri (Kemendagri), dan hal tersebut menimbulkan beberapa polemik, terutama dalam hal mutasi Pegawai Negeri Sipil. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah pertama, bagaimana kedudukan SE Mendagri Nomor 821/5492/SJ dalam instrumen hukum pemerintahan, dan kedua, bagaimana upaya mewujudkan Sistem Meritokrasi pasca lahirnya Kewenangan Pj Kepala Daerah untuk Memutasi PNS Berdasarkan SE Mendagri Nomor 821/5492/SJ. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual dimana jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SE Mendagri termasuk dalam peraturan kebijakan dan pemerintah perlu mencabut dan menyatakan tidak berlaku untuk mewujudkan meritokrasi. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah SE Mendagri merupakan peraturan kebijakan sesuai dengan ciri-ciri peraturan kebijakan yang telah diuraikan dan pemerintah perlu mencabut dan menyatakan tidak berlaku untuk mewujudkan implementasi sistem meritokrasi.Kata Kunci: Meritokrasi, Mutasi, Surat Edaran.
The hydromorphological quality of the basin of Mexico: A proposal of its indicator value of the ecological state in the riparian ecosystem
Authors: Ortiz Fernández Raquel , Carmona Jiménez Javier , Temis García Lisset Gabriela , Caro Borrero Ángela Piedad , González Hidalgo Beatriz
Published: October 2024

The characterization of hydromorphological quality is the evaluation of the physical structure and the flow regime associated with fluvial ecosystems. Its value indicates the state of ecosystem conservation, as well as the anthropogenic pressures that disturb it. The present study proposes an hydromorphological quality (HYQI) index that aims to establish reference conditions in the preserved rivers and springs in the Basin of Mexico, through: (i) the basin quality associated with the riparian zone’s state, including the vegetation’s naturalness, level of erosion, and land use in 13 sub-basins (63 sites); (ii) hydrology, related to natural or disturbance conditions in the channel; (iii) anthropogenic alterations in the riparian zone, and (iv) the characterization of the trophic level. The final evaluation is divided into five classes: high (> 100), good (76-99), moderate (51-75), bad (26-50), and poor (< 25). The HQYI evaluation showed that 44 sites have a high rating (120 to 100 points), where potential reference conditions for the Mexico Basin can be recognized. The remaining 19 sites have good to poor quality conditions. The vegetation cover was represented by 70% of native species in one of three types of forest: Pinus, Abies, and mixed forest dominated by Quercus. Modifications in the canal structure, extraction and retention of water, and introduced plant species were the causes that confirmed the moderate quality value in the middle and lower portions. The HQYI value was found to be significantly correlated with nutrient water enrichments with soluble reactive phosphorus and dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Therefore, this index is recommended for monitoring the Basin of Mexico and registering multiple environmental stressors.
Prediction, modeling, and optimization studies of eco-friendly gold extraction using alpha-cyclodextrin and the RSM and CCD methods
Authors: Mukunga Muanda Meschack , Omalanga Pele Pascal Daniel , Mitonga Vanessa Mwambaie , Ilunga Michée Ngoy
Published: October 2024

In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, gold extraction from ore in South Kivu utilized alpha-cyclodextrin (α-CD) as an eco-friendly method to replace harmful methods. Analysis of variance and response surface methodology were employed for prediction, modeling, and optimization studies. Atomic absorption spectroscopy revealed a 0.06% gold content in a randomly taken ore sample. Leaching with modified aqua regia was optimized with the following parameters: 7.27 h, 50 g/L HBr concentration, pH 1, and 200 rpm stirring speed, resulting in 98.5% removal. Neutralization tests with potassium hydroxide (KOH) followed leaching to prepare the solution medium with appropriate pH for extraction test, by varying parameters such as time, KOH concentration, and pH. Following neutralization, extraction tests with α-CD were carried out and optimized with the following parameters: 40 min, α-CD concentration of 11.6166 g/L, and a pH of 5, resulting in a percent removal of 98.9%. α-CD’s eco-friendly nature, cost-effectiveness, and high percent removal make it a promising and sustainable alternative for gold recovery, appealing to the mining industry.
The Carbon-Based Evolutionary Theory (CBET)
Authors: Chen Ji-Ming , Chen Ji-Wang
Published: October 2024

Why did simple carbon-based materials (CBMs) on Earth evolve into complex, orderly, and diverse life and societies? Extensive research has yet to explicitly and comprehensively answer this fundamental question in science. Here we propose the Carbon-Based Evolutionary Theory (CBET), which could offer the first explicit and holistic answer to this question. CBET meticulously integrates numerous factors critical to evolution from a bird's-eye view using mathematical logic and the novel terms of eight hierarchies of CBMs. The integration reveals three mechanisms: the driving force mechanism, the structure-function mechanism, and the natural selection mechanism, which hierarchically escalates the complexity of CBMs, increases the abundance, diversity, and orderliness of complex CBMs, and leads to chemical, biological, and social evolution of CBMs. CBET clarifies the intricate relationships among materials, energy, structures, functions, and orderliness and uncovers the natural roots of multiple crucial social notions, such as the balance between inclusiveness and competition and the balance between selfishness and altruism. CBET bridges the natural and social sciences and advocates for the balanced, harmonious, and peaceful development of human societies.
Introduction to the E-Sense Artificial Intelligence System
Authors: Greer Kieran
Published: October 2024

This paper describes the E-Sense Artificial Intelligence system. It comprises of a memory model with 2 levels of information and then a more neural layer above that. The lower memory level stores source data in a Markov (n-gram) structure that is unweighted. Then a middle ontology level is created from a further 3 phases of aggregating source information. Each phase re-structures from an ensemble to a tree, where the information transposition may be from horizontal set-based sequences into more vertical, typed-based clusters. The base memory is essentially neutral, where any weighted constraints or preferences should be stored in the calling module. The success of the ontology typing is open to question, but results produced answers based more on use and context. The third level is more functional, where each function can represent a subset of the base data and learn how to transpose across it. The functional structures are shown to be quite orthogonal, or separate and are made from nodes with a progressive type of capability, including unordered to ordered. Comparisons with the columnar structure of the neural cortex can be made and the idea of ordinal learning, or just learning relative positions, is introduced. While this is still a work in progress, it offers a different architecture to the current favourites and may be able to give different views of the data from what they can provide.
Watermelon Plant Silage: A Viable Alternative to Alfalfa Hay for Feeding Murciano-Granadina Goats
Authors: Pardo Zaira , Palma-Hidalgo Juan Manuel , Sánchez-García Alberto Manuel , Martín-García Antonio Ignacio
Published: October 2024

The study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of watermelon plant silage (WPS) and to assess the effect of replacing alfalfa hay (AH) with WPS in a diet formulated for dairy goats on the basis of two in vitro trials. The study used four goats as donors of rumen microbiota to analyze in vitro fermentation parameters. The chemical composition analysis revealed that WPS and AH had similar protein content (21.1 vs. 18.9 g CP/100 g DM), but WPS had lower contents of organic matter (77.4 vs. 89.6 g/100 g DM), neutral detergent fiber (36.3 vs. 49.4 g/100 g DM), acid detergent fiber (26.4 vs. 34.6 g/100 g DM), acid detergent lignin (6.40 vs. 8.01 g/100 g DM), and amino acids (716 vs. 874 g AA/kg N) compared to AH. Conversely, WPS had higher crude fat content (3.09 vs. 1.29 g/100 g DM) and different macro- and micromineral content values than AH. In a first in vitro trial, WPS and AH were incubated independently to compare their fermentation behaviour, indicating that the metabolizable energy tended to be higher for WPS compared to the AH diet (6.67 vs. 5.72 MJ/kg DM; P = 0.058). WPS fermentation produced higher concentrations of total volatile fatty acids than AH (66.6 vs. 53.3 mM; P = 0.037), lower proportions of propionate and valerate (P ≤ 0.022), higher proportions of isobutyrate (P = 0.001), and showed similar gas production (GP) kinetics, as degradation rate and its potential release, and estimated organic matter digestibility. In a second in vitro trial, a formulated goat diet (consisting of commercial concentrate and AH in a 1:1 ratio) was used as a control to assay the impact of replacing 25 and 50 % of AH by WPS. Trends were observed in several parameters, such as a linear increase in GP rate (P = 0.088), organic matter digestibility (P = 0.067), and CH4 concentration in the gas produced (P = 0.094) as AH was replaced by WPS. The study concluded that WPS could serve as a viable fodder to replace AH in conventional dairy goat diets while simultaneously reducing agricultural waste and serving as a regenerative model for implementing the circular economy strategy in the affected agronomic sectors.
Comparative Study of the Development of EFs in Children: Transition from the First Cycle to the Second Cycle of Early Childhood Education
Authors: BAUSELA HERRERAS ESPERANZA
Published: October 2024

Antecedents. EFs (EFs) are the basis for establishing a goal and working towards that goal by coordinating thoughts and actions. EFs are fundamental to several aspects of daily life, specifically for academic performance. Aim. To analyze and compare the development of EFs in the transition period between the first and second cycles of Early Childhood Education. Methodology. Non-experimental methodology, ex post facto design, descriptive, cross-sectional evolution study. Participants. Preschoolers of different educational levels (first and second cycle of Infant Education). In this study the participants have been evaluated by different informants: 54.42% by parents and 45.58% by teachers. In relation to gender, 52.65% were male and 47.35% were female. In relation to age, 37.54% had a range of 2-3 years and 62.46% had a range of 4-5 years. Measurement. Instrument development of EFs were evaluated using BRIEF-P by key informants. Results. Preschoolers in the first cycle show significantly higher scores than preschoolers in the second cycle in BRIEP-P. Conclusions. The development of EF is key in these first key moments, having a special impact on later development and academic performance. It is necessary to work on EFs from the first cycle of Early Childhood Education, considering the evolutionary development of EFs.
Robin’s Criterion on Divisibility (II)
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: October 2024

The Riemann hypothesis, renowned for its deep connection to the distribution of prime numbers, remains a central problem in mathematics. Understanding the distribution of primes is crucial for developing efficient algorithms and advancing our knowledge of number theory. The Riemann hypothesis is the assertion that all non-trivial zeros are complex numbers with real part $\frac{1}{2}$. It is considered by many to be the most important unsolved problem in pure mathematics. Several equivalent formulations of the Riemann hypothesis exist. Robin's criterion for the Riemann hypothesis is based on an inequality that divisor sum function $\sigma$ must satisfy at natural numbers greater than 5040. We require the properties of superabundant numbers, that is to say left to right maxima of $n \mapsto \frac{\sigma(n)}{n}$. By using Robin's criterion on superabundant numbers, we present a novel approach that culminates in a complete proof of the Riemann hypothesis. This work is an expansion and refinement of the article "Robin's criterion on divisibility", published in The Ramanujan Journal.
Strategies for Salvage Therapy Post CAR-T Therapy Failure in Refractory/Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Patients
Authors: Min Chao , Zhong Xiong , Cui Yue , Zhang Hanfu , Wang Qingming
Published: October 2024

Over the past few decades, the landscape for multiple myeloma (MM) therapy has significantly advanced, largely due to the approval and introduction of new-generation proteasome inhibitors (PIs) and immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs). Despite these advancements, MM remains incurable. In March 2021, the U.S. FDA approved the chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (R/R MM), heralding the advent of cellular therapies for R/R MM. However, due to factors such as the downregulation or loss of tumor antigen expression, T-cell exhaustion, and the influence of the tumor immune microenvironment, most R/R MM patients inevitably experience relapse following CAR-T cell therapy. Consequently, salvage therapy in the post-CAR-T setting has emerged as a critical area of research. This review discusses the potential factors leading to CAR-T therapy failure in R/R MM patients and discusses subsequent salvage therapeutic strategies, offering recommendations for addressing treatment failure in this context.
Backstepping-based Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control for Finite-Time Trajectory Tracking of Skid Steer Mobile Robot
Authors: Teji Mulugeta Debebe , Zou Ting , Zeleke Dinku Seyoum
Published: October 2024

Skid steer mobile robots are widely used in indoor and outdoor applications. However, accurate trajectory tracking control for this kind of robot is quite challenging due to the uncertainties arising from the complex behavior of frictional force, external disturbances, and undergoing fluctuations in the instantaneous center of rotation (ICR) during turning maneuvers. The uncertainties directly disturb velocities and make it impossible for the robot to track the command velocities, thus making the SSMR unable to follow the reference path. This paper proposes a nonsingular terminal sliding mode control (NTSMC) based on backstepping for a 4-wheel skid steer mobile robot to cope with the aforementioned challenges. The strategy seeks to mitigate the impact of external disturbances and model uncertainties by developing an adaptive law to estimate the integrated lumped outcome. Then, the finite time stability of the closed-loop system is proven using Lyapunov’s theory. The designed NTSMC input is continuous and has no noticeable chattering problem. It has also been noted from the analysis that the proposed control strategy is strongly robust against disturbance and modeling uncertainties. The proposed control scheme demonstrates effective trajectory tracking performance in the presence of disturbance and modeling uncertainties through simulations.
Origin and function of bitumen coated torpedo jars from the Sasanian to early Islamic period fort of Fulayj in Oman
Authors: Connan Jacques , P. Priestman Seth , H. Engel Michael , M. Zumberge Alex , H. Gazmend Elezi , S Al-Jahwari Nasser
Published: October 2024

Geochemical and isotopic analysis of the bitumen lining of torpedo jar sherds from the Sasanian to early Islamic period fort of Fulayj in Oman confirms the presence of two distinct compositional categories that can be matched to contemporary sources in different areas of southwest Iran. It appears that the bitumen used to line jars was extracted from different geographic areas, hinting at the existence of multiple production locations for this vessel class. On the function of the jars, organic residue analysis provides a positive identification of biomarkers associated with the storage and transport of red wine. These results provide the first published confirmation of the long suspected association between torpedo jars and wine transportation from the core urbanised zone of the Sasanian and early Islamic imperial heartlands towards the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean maritime sphere. The results have added significance as the samples are derived from relatively accurately dated archaeological contexts spanning the period before and after the Islamic conquest.
Deciphering Fusarium-Banana Interactions in Resistant and Susceptible Banana Cultivars Using a GFP-Tagged Subtropical Race 4 Strain of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense
Authors: Chen Andrew , Chou Ting Yan , Chen Yi , Fallatah Sumayyah M. A. , Anderson Jay , Sun Jiaman , Cosgrove Harry , Gao Siyuan , Ferguson Brett , Soper Amelie , Gardiner Donald M. , Aitken Elizabeth A. B.
Published: October 2024

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is a major disease affecting banana production around the globe. To study the movement of Foc in planta and investigate potential physical mechanisms of deterrence, the roots of a set of banana cultivars were challenged with a GFP-tagged subtropical race 4 strain of Foc. These plants included susceptible and resistant varieties including the plantain 'FHIA25' (AAB), dessert hybrids 'Lady Finger' (AAB), 'FHIA02' (AAAA), as well as the industry preferred Cavendish line, 'Williams' (AAA), and its somaclone derivative 'GCTCV119' (AAA). GFP localisation in planta confirmed that Foc can infect all four cultivars. Its movement through roots to the rhizome and to the aerial parts of the plants was evident. Tyloses formation in the root vasculature was also detected by GFP auto-fluorescence and further confirmed using scanning electron microscopy. While tyloses formation did not prevent colonisation and infection, their formation restricted the fungus within the xylem vessels, slowing its proliferation. This mechanism may be an important factor in providing plant host tolerance to Foc but it doesn't provide complete immunity. Fluorescently tagged Foc is a useful tool for understanding the infection process of the Fusarium wilt disease of banana and aiding in the integrated management of this important disease.
Analysis of Risk Factors for Anorectal Malformations Combined with Tethered Cord Syndrome and the Impact of Untethering Surgery on Anorectal Function in Related Children
Authors: Zhang Tao-Tao , Huang Yan-Bing , He Yu-Yan , Chen Fan , Ying Jian-Bin , Zhao Qing-Shuang , Sun Shou-Qing , Jing Jun-jie
Published: October 2024

Background: Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are often associated with tethered cord syndrome (TCS). This study focused on children with ARM to explore the risk factors for the co-occurrence of TCS and to investigate the impact of untethering surgery on anorectal function among these children.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 130 children with ARM treated at Fujian Provincial Children's Hospital (Fujian Hospital of Shanghai Children's Medical Center) from May 2021 to January 2024. A total of 114 children were included in the study on the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of TCS: the ARM group (n=83) and the ARM+TCS group (n=31). to explore the risk factors for the co-occurrence of ARM and TCS. All children diagnosed with TCS underwent untethering surgery regardless of symptoms. Anorectal function was compared between the ARM and ARM+TCS groups.
Results: In the multivariate analysis, intermediate or high-type ARM increased the risk of children with ARM having TCS, with an OR of 3.571, 95% CI from 0.106 to 0.738, and p= 0.010. Additionally, the presence of other malformations also increased the risk of children with ARM having TCS (p=0.026). When the ARM+TCS group was compared with the ARM group, children with low-type ARM in the ARM+TCS group exhibited a significant improvement in constipation following untethering surgery (p=0.043). However, when children with intermediate or high-type ARM were compared, the anorectal function of the children in both groups was comparable.
Conclusions: Intermediate or high-type ARM and the presence of other malformations are risk factors for the co-occurrence of TCS in children with ARM. In children with low-type ARM, those with TCS and ARM showed significant improvement in constipation after untethering surgery compared with those with ARM without TCS. We recommend that children with relevant conditions actively undergo untethering surgery.
Challenges in Global Distribution and Equitable Access to Monkeypox Vaccines
Authors: Danladi Nengak Precious , Agboola Progress , Olaniyi Peter , Eze Solomon Ebubechukwu , Oladapo Oluwatimilehin , Obiwulu Danielle , Obiwulu Danielle , Adeola Olowoyeye Aishat , Olawale Khaliq Olakunle , Adiatu Azeez Idowu , Peace and Agboola
Published: October 2024

The monkeypox outbreak has grown beyond the regions in which it was considered endemic. It has spread from Central and West Africa to non-endemic Regions like Europe, America, and other parts of the world. It has recently been classified as a public health emergency of international concern. This study evaluated the Challenges faced in Global and equitable access to monkeypox vaccines. Global competition has been observed in the race to get vaccines, with low and middle-income countries being disadvantaged. Great inequity exists in the distribution of vaccines globally through advance purchase agreements, vaccine stockpiling, vaccine nationalism, inequitable distribution of existing resources, and insufficient surveillance and reporting mechanisms. To address some of these challenges, there needs to be a global strengthening of vaccine manufacturing capacity, targeting countries with elevated risk profiles and limited resources, overcoming vaccine hesitancy, strengthening surveillance systems, and addressing vaccine hesitancy.
AI-Driven Configuration Management for IP Network Devices Using XML and Machine Learning
Authors: Amin Mehmmet
Published: October 2024

The increasing complexity of IP network infrastructures necessitates efficient and adaptive configuration management solutions. This paper presents an AI-driven framework that integrates machine learning and reinforcement learning techniques to enhance the management of configurations for IP network devices. The proposed approach leverages a comprehensive dataset comprising configuration parameters and performance metrics to train predictive models. Experimental results demonstrate that the framework achieves an accuracy of 88% in predicting optimal configurations, significantly outperforming traditional methods. Additionally, the framework exhibits an average response time of 150 milliseconds for applying configuration changes, underscoring its efficiency. A reinforcement learning agent is implemented to adapt to dynamic network conditions, yielding improved decision- making over time. The user interface designed for the framework facilitates real-time monitoring and visualization of network configurations. The findings suggest that the AI- driven framework not only streamlines configuration management processes but also empowers network administrators to proactively address network challenges. Future work will focus on scalability, integration with emerging technologies, and user feedback mechanisms to further enhance the framework's effectiveness.
Therapeutic Mechanism of Human Platelet Lysate on Spinal Cord Injury in Rats
Authors: Wang Ling , Wang Shuang , Yu Hailong , Xiang Liangbi
Published: October 2024

Objective To screen and systematically analyze the differential proteins in rats suffer from SCI after treating with HPL and thus explore the therapeutic mechanism of HPL on SCI rats. Method 30 SD rats were selected and randomly divided into three groups: control group, injury group, and treatment group. Allen Test was performed to establish the rat models with injured spinal cord, and2 mL of HPL was intraperitoneally injected into rats in the treatment group every day. After 14 consecutive days of injection, the thoracic spine of rats was sampled and analyzed by proteomics. Result A total of 61 differential proteins were screened in the injury and treatment groups, including 7 up-regulated proteins and 14 down-regulated proteins. The GO enrichment analysis results showed that the differential proteins included cellular components such as ATP dependent chromatin remodeling complex composed of multiple subunits, recycling endosome, extracellular space, and ATP synthase complex. These differential proteins promote serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity, myosin-binding protein and peptidase inhibitor molecular functions, and are involved in biological processes including fibrinolysis, sulfur component synthesis and metabolism, cellular modification of amino acid metabolism, and myelination. The KEGG analysis results mainly suggested the therapeutic mechanism of HPL for SCI through nitrogen metabolism, sodium taurocholate hydrate, complement coagulation cascade, and alcoholic liver disease. Conclusion HPL has a good therapeutic effect on SCI via the bioinformatic mechanisms above.
Assessing the Feasibility and Performance of Rooftop Solar PV Systems in Oman: A Case Study of a Solar Powered Smart Bus Stop at Various UTAS Branches
Authors: Venkatachalam Sharmila deve , Alnadabi Almuhannad , Alshukaili Abdulaziz Hamed said , ALHINAI AHMED SAID , AL Shauili Ahmed salim , Al shukaili Ibrahim said alsaba
Published: October 2024

One of the goals of Oman vision 2040 is to attain a 30% of renewable energy mix, mainly from solar and wind energy projects for electricity generation by 2030, in alignment with the net zero emissions commitment by 2050. The adoption of residential rooftop solar PV installations supports achieving this target. This paper aims to find the suitable regions for rooftop solar PV installations by considering the factors, such as temperature levels, dust accumulation, humidity and population density. In the Middle East countries like Oman, dust from sandstorms significantly affects the performance of PV systems and is an important derating factor to consider when evaluating their performance as discussed in this paper. This paper starts by finding the suitable regions in Oman for solar PV projects based on geographical factors and then proceeds to find the best locations in the selected region. A rooftop solar PV system is designed, analyzed its performance and Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) was calculated for smart bus stop load located in the selected region’s university of technology and applied sciences (UTAS) campus using analytical method. The results obtained through analytical method were compared with System Advisor Model (SAM) software. Key findings from the study: The northern region of Oman was identified as the most suitable region to install the solar PV systems. In the northern regions, Ibri is the best location for rooftop solar PV projects compared to other locations. However other locations are also competitively suitable for solar PV projects. The LCOE of all UTAS branch locations ranges from 8.5 ¢/kWhr to 9.7¢/kWhr. Due to local weather conditions, Salalah has a higher LCOE of solar PV system than other location. After finding the most suitable locations, attractive rooftop policies in solar PV of successful countries are discussed, based on that few strong strategies are suggested to develop rooftop solar PV projects in Oman.
Lamina Propria of GALT and Cancer
Authors: Surd Adrian Onisim , Răducu Camelia , Răducu Eugen , Ihuț Andrada , Munteanu Camelia
Published: October 2024

The structural integrity of the gastrointestinal tract is important because it dictates the functionality of this system. Regarding this, GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissues) have a significant role in immunity. Most cancer research focuses on organized lymphoid structures and less on diffuse structures such as the lamina propria (LP). Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the link between LP and cancer in humans. The interstitial matrix and loose connective tissue layer located directly under the epithelium is known as the LP. In this area, there are a lot of IgA+ plasma cells (PCs), T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and stromal cells (SCs). Antigens from the lumen are picked up by LP DCs and presented directly to B cells, which may cause IgA class switching and differentiation in the presence of T cells. In humans, the GALT of the mucosa has been proposed as the source of a unique malignancy known as "GALT carcinoma," which is thought to represent the "third pathway of colorectal carcinogenesis." However, present colorectal cancer classifications do not define GALT carcinoma as a separate histologic category.
Metabolic Syndrome: Current State and Prospects
Authors: Zhang Wei-Zheng
Published: October 2024

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), first conceptualized in 1923, encompasses a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance (IR), hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and central obesity. This syndrome significantly increases the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Its global prevalence has surged, largely attributed to lifestyle factors such as poor diet and physical inactivity. Recent research highlights the crucial role of caveolae, small cellular structures, in the pathophysiology of MetS, particularly in insulin signaling, lipid metabolism, and vascular function. Managing MetS effectively requires a comprehensive strategy focused on lifestyle modifications and pharmacological treatments. Dietary approaches, environmental factors, regular physical activity and behavioral changes have demonstrated positive impacts on metabolic health. Despite current pharmacological options to individual conditions of MetS, emerging therapies targeting caveolae offer promising new avenues for treatment. While, microbiome modulation and certain natural agents may assist in managing the syndrome. Public health initiatives, including educational campaigns and stress reduction programs, are essential for the prevention and management of MetS. A multifaceted approach combining lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy, and personalized interventions is vital for effective management. Future strategies may benefit from precision medicine and the integration of emerging biomarkers for targeted therapies.
Biophysical Study of the Potential Antitumoral Activity of NA-CATH-ATRA-1-ATRA-1 with Model Membranes
Authors: Klaiss-Luna Maria C. , Jemioła-Rzemińska Małgorzata , Manrique-Moreno Marcela , Strzalka Kazimierz
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women in both developed and developing countries. Due to the increasing alarms in the detection of cases every year, it is considered a priority to evaluate new molecules as potential antitumoral agents. Among these molecules, cationic peptides have emerged as promising therapeutic agents with a membrane-based mechanism of action very hard to counteract by the cancer cells. This biophysical study seeks to offer preliminary insights into how NA-CATH:ATRA-1-ATRA-1, a synthetic cationic peptide derived of the peptide NA-CATH, isolated from the species Natra aja or Chinese cobra, is a potential antitumoral compound at the membrane level on breast cancer cell lines. The interaction of the NA-CATH-ATRA-1-ATRA-1 with two lipid systems representative of tumoral and non-tumoral membranes was followed by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed a strong interaction of NA-CATH-ATRA-1-ATRA-1 with the lipids present in the eukaryotic membranes, especially phosphatidylserine, suggesting a mechanism based on the electrostatic interaction of the peptide with the anionic lipids of the tumoral cancer membranes. The biophysical studies are essential to understand the mechanism of action of a potential pharmaceutics.