bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical Variation Between Consultant Surgeons Performing a Sommerlad Radical Intravelar Veloplasty
Authors: Butterworth Sophie , Hodgkinson Emma L. , Sainsbury David C.G. , Hodgkinson Peter D.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Although cleft surgeons in the United Kingdom follow a similar training pathway, and cleft centers adhere to similar protocols regarding timing of palate surgery and surgical technique, speech outcomes still vary significantly between centers.

Objective:

To explore if differences in technique exist between individual surgeons, performing a Sommerlad radical intravelar veloplasty (IVVP).

Design:

An exploratory, qualitative approach was adopted to understand the views of UK cleft surgeons performing a Sommerlad radical IVVP for primary cleft palate repair and to discuss what was important in the adoption, adaptation, and evolution of this technique within their own practice.

Method:

A semistructured interview schedule was designed. Interviews were conducted in person or via videoconferencing, with interested surgeons. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and checked for accuracy. Analysis involved inductive thematic analysis.

Results:

Fourteen cleft consultants from the United Kingdom participated (3 females and 11 males). Seven of the consultants were trained in plastic surgery and 4 in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Eight themes were identified from the thematic analysis. One theme—Surgical Variation—is discussed.

Conclusions:

The findings provide insight into areas of variation seen within one surgical technique of cleft palate repair. These variations may have arisen to accommodate heterogeneity in the patient population or may have evolved in relation to different experiences of training or influences of colleagues. Further work is needed to explore the reasons for these differences in technique and to identify if any of these subtle differences contributed to variability in outcomes.
Second Acts and Second Chances: The Bumpy Road to Redemption
Authors: Bies Robert J. , Tripp Thomas M. , Barclay Laurie J.
Published: February 2021

Throughout history, there are numerous examples of business and government leaders who have fallen from grace only to rise again, and have a “second act” and a “second chance” as a legitimate social actor or leader—that is, they achieved redemption. We explore “the road to redemption” of leaders—when and why it occurs, and what “bumps” prevent it. In our analysis, we conceptualize redemption as a process with three elements—remorse, rehabilitation, and restoration—and as an outcome (the restoration of legitimacy). We argue that achieving redemption is not a product of chance; rather, it is a social construction process of narrative creation and identity construction involving many parties. Also, the road to redemption is shaped by cultural-specific factors—and it is temporally dependent. From this framework, we identify new directions for the theory and practice of leadership.
Evaluation of Direct Oral Anticoagulant Prescribing in Patients With Moderate to Severe Renal Impairment
Authors: Ting Clara , Rhoten Megan , Dempsey Jillian , Nichols Hunter , Fanikos John , Ruff Christian T.
Published: February 2021

Patients with renal impairment require dose adjustments for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), though there is uncertainty regarding their use in severe chronic kidney disease. Inappropriately dosed DOACs may increase risk of ischemic events when under-dosed, or risk of bleeding when over-dosed. The purpose of this study was to describe DOAC selection, dosing strategies, and associated clinical outcomes in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment at our institution. This was a single-center retrospective analysis of adult outpatients with moderate to severe renal impairment (estimated creatinine clearance <50 mL/min, including need for hemodialysis) who were prescribed a DOAC by a cardiologist between June 1, 2015 and December 1, 2018. Outcomes evaluated included the percentage of patients who received appropriate and inappropriate DOAC dosing, prescriber reasons for inappropriate DOAC dosing if documented, and incidence of thrombotic and bleeding events. A total of 207 patients were included. Overall, 61 (29.5%) patients received inappropriate dosing, with 43 (70.5%) being under-dosed and 18 (29.5%) being over-dosed as compared to FDA-labeled dosing recommendations for atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism (VTE). By a median follow-up duration of 20 months, stroke occurred in 6 (3.3%) patients receiving DOACs for atrial fibrillation, and VTE occurred in 1 (4.3%) patient receiving a DOAC for VTE. International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding occurred in 25 (12.1%) patients. Direct oral anticoagulants were frequently prescribed at off-label doses in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment, with a tendency toward under-dosing.
Microalgae-enriched breadsticks: Analysis for vitamin C, carotenoids, and chlorophyll a
Authors: Igual Marta , Uribe-Wandurraga Zaida Natalia , García-Segovia Purificación , Martínez-Monzó Javier
Published: February 2021

Microalgae are a potential ingredient that can enhance the nutritional value of food. There are already various products made from microalgae such as pasta, cookies, breadstick, crackers, and extrudates. Moreover, these products have a typical green colour, provided from microalgae pigments. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the addition of Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis biomass on vitamin C, total carotenoids, and chlorophyll a levels in breadsticks and its doughs. Microalgae addition in breadstick formulations is a viable alternative, because they presented a greater content of carotenoids and chlorophyll a than control breadsticks. Consequently, microalgae enriched breadsticks can provide health benefits to consumers. Here, Chlorella enriched breadsticks showed the highest studied pigments content. Despite microalgae powder containing vitamin C, breadstick dough did not present vitamin C and therefore nor the breadstick.
Repeated Dose Toxicity Study and Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Studies of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Candidate Vaccine in Rabbits and Rats
Authors: Stokes Alan H. , Franklin Kelle , Fisher Daniel E. , Posobiec Lorraine M. , Binazon Ornella , Tripathi Niraj , Ringenberg Michael Alan , Charlap Jeffrey , Ziejewski Mary K. , Vemireddi Vimala , Khanna Weiss Payal , Majumdar Ritankar , Bouzya Badiaa , Donner Marie-Noëlle , Rodriguez Luis-Alexander , Baumeister Judith
Published: February 2021

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections, and vaccines are needed to treat young children and older adults. One of GSK’s candidate vaccines for RSV contains recombinant RSVPreF3 protein maintained in the prefusion conformation. The differences in immune function of young children and older adults potentially require different vaccine approaches. For young children, anti-RSV immunity can be afforded during the first months of life by vaccinating the pregnant mother during the third trimester with unadjuvanted RSVPreF3, which results in protection of the infant due to the transplacental passage of anti-RSV maternal antibodies. For older adults with a waning immune response, the approach is to adjuvant the RSVPreF3 vaccine with AS01 to elicit a more robust immune response.

The local and systemic effects of biweekly intramuscular injections of the RSVPreF3 vaccine (unadjuvanted, adjuvanted with AS01, or coadministered with a diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine) was tested in a repeated dose toxicity study in rabbits. After three intramuscular doses, the only changes observed were those commonly related to a vaccine-elicited inflammatory reaction. Subsequently, the effects of unadjuvanted RSVPreF3 vaccine on female fertility, embryo-fetal, and postnatal development of offspring were evaluated in rats and rabbits. There were no effects on pregnancy, delivery, lactation, or the pre- and postnatal development of offspring.

In conclusion, the RSVPreF3 vaccine was well-tolerated locally and systemically and was not associated with any adverse effects on female reproductive function or on the pre- and postnatal growth and development of offspring.
Comparison of posterior capsule opacification between Clareon CNA0T0 and Tecnis ZCB00 intraocular lenses
Authors: Almenara Cristina , Bartol-Puyal Francisco de Asís , Soriano Diana , Idoipe Miriam , Chacón María , Méndez-Martínez Silvia , Giménez Galadriel , Polo Vicente
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

The purpose is to compare posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and its impact on vision between Clareon CNA0T0 (Alcon) and Tecnis ZCB00 intraocular lenses (IOLs) (Johnson&Johnson) 1, 6, and 12 months after implantation.

Methods:

A prospective observational study was performed at the Nuestra Señora de Gracia Hospital (Zaragoza, Spain). Fifty eyes (50 patients) with Tecnis IOL (group 1) and 60 eyes (60 patients) with Clareon IOL (group 2) were enrolled. One, 6, and 12 months after age-related cataract surgery by five different surgeons, the following tests were performed: mesopic corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), CSV1000-E test, KR-1W wavefront analyzer, OQAS II, Catquest-9SF questionnaire and mydriatic slit-lamp pictures. PCO intensity was quantified and the area of opacification was measured using ImageJ (NIH).

Results:

Mean age was 71.20 ± 6.79 years in group 1, and 71.73 ± 8.17 years in group 2 ( p = 0.72); mean axial length was 23.46 ± 1.14 and 23.53 ± 0.91 mm, respectively ( p = 0.72); mean IOL power was 21.69 ± 2.26 D and 21.28 ± 2.44 D, respectively ( p = 0.37). One month after surgery there were differences in intensity of PCO (0.73 ± 0.60 and 1.05 ± 0.71, respectively, p = 0.02). Six months after surgery statistical differences were found in VA with 20% CS in mydriatic conditions (0.26 ± 0.21 logMAR (20/36) and 0.18 ± 0.17 logMAR (20/30), respectively, p = 0.04). Twelve months after surgery, no differences were detected between groups. As for the evolution of PCO within the Clareon group, high order aberrations ( p < 0.05) and the Strehl ratio ( p = 0.02) decreased.

Conclusion:

There are no differences in slit-lamp pictures or visual function between both IOLs during the first 12 months after implantation.
Right Atrial and Ventricular Collapse After Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Douedi Steven , Meleka Matthew , Daniels Steven
Published: February 2021

Prompt and effective chest compressions is the cornerstone cardiopulmonary resuscitation and has been found to improve cardiac arrest outcomes. Despite being rare, a wide variety of cardiac and pulmonary complications due to chest compressions have been identified. We present a case of a young, otherwise healthy female developing toxic shock syndrome and ultimately cardiac arrest requiring chest compressions found to cause right atrial and ventricular collapse on echocardiography.
Hypobaria-Induced Oxidative Stress Facilitates Homocysteine Transsulfuration and Promotes Glutathione Oxidation in Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Tchantchou Flaubert , Miller Catriona , Goodfellow Molly , Puche Adam , Fiskum Gary
Published: February 2021

Background:

United States service members injured in combat theatre are often aeromedically evacuated within a few days to regional military hospitals. Animal and epidemiological research indicates that early exposure to flight hypobaria may worsen brain and other injuries. The mechanisms by which secondary exposure to hypobaria worsen trauma outcomes are not well elucidated. This study tested the hypothesis that hypobaria-induced oxidative stress and associated changes in homocysteine levels play a role in traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathological progression caused by hypobaria.

Methods:

Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a 6 h hypobaria 24 h after mild TBI by the controlled cortical impact. Plasma and brain tissues were assessed for homocysteine levels, oxidative stress markers or glutathione metabolism, and behavioral deficits post-injury in the absence and presence of hypobaria exposure.

Results:

We found that hypobaria after TBI increased oxidative stress markers, altered homocysteine metabolism, and promoted glutathione oxidation. Increased glutathione metabolism was driven by differential upregulation of glutathione metabolizing genes. These changes correlated with increased anxiety-like behavior.

Conclusion:

These data provide evidence that hypobaria exposure after TBI increases oxidative stress and alters homocysteine elimination likely through enhanced glutathione metabolism. This pathway may represent a compensatory mechanism to attenuate free radical formation. Thus, hypobaria-induced enhancement of glutathione metabolism represents a potential therapeutic target for TBI management.
The overstated generational gap in online news use? A consolidated infrastructural perspective
Authors: Mangold Frank , Stier Sebastian , Breuer Johannes , Scharkow Michael
Published: February 2021

Recent research by Taneja et al. suggested that digital infrastructures diminish the generational gap in news use by counteracting preference structures. We expand on this seminal work by arguing that an infrastructural perspective requires overcoming limitations of highly aggregated web tracking data used in prior research. We analyze the individual browsing histories of two representative samples of German Internet users collected in 2012 ( N = 2970) and 2018 ( N = 2045) and find robust evidence for a smaller generational gap in online news use than commonly assumed. While short news website visits mostly demonstrated infrastructural factors, longer news use episodes were shaped more by preferences. The infrastructural role of social media corresponded with reduced news avoidance and more varied news repertoires. Overall, the results suggest that research needs to reconsider commonly held premises regarding the uses of digital media in modern high-choice settings.
The conditional effects of the refugee crisis on immigration attitudes and nationalism
Authors: van der Brug Wouter , Harteveld Eelco
Published: February 2021

What was the impact of the 2014–2016 refugee crisis on immigration attitudes and national identification in Europe? Several studies show that radical right parties benefitted electorally from the refugee crisis, but research also shows that anti-immigration attitudes did not increase. We hypothesize that the refugee crisis affected right-wing citizens differently than left-wing citizens. We test this hypothesis by combining individual level survey data (from five Eurobarometer waves in the 2014–2016 period) with country level statistics on the asylum applications in 28 EU member states. In Western Europe, we find that increases in the number of asylum applications lead to a polarization of attitudes towards immigrants between left- and right-leaning citizens. In the Southern European ‘arrival countries’ and in Central-Eastern Europe we find no significant effects. Nationalistic attitudes are also not affected significantly.
‘Oh no, the stick keeps falling!’: An analytical framework for conceptualising young children’s interactions during free play in a woodland setting
Authors: Ellis Cheryl , Beauchamp Gary , Sarwar Sian , Tyrie Jacky , Adams Dylan , Dumitrescu Sandra , Haughton Chantelle
Published: February 2021

It is widely accepted that play and ‘free play’ in particular, is beneficial to young children’s holistic development. However, there is a lack of evidence of the role that the natural environment can have in relation to young children’s play. This study examined the elements of ‘free play’ of children aged 4–5 years within a woodland university campus setting. The children chose to wear camera glasses which recorded both the gaze and speech of the individual. This provided a valuable insight into the ‘free play’ of the children and provided a rich data set to enable the development of an analytical framework which maps out the interactions which took place during the ‘free play’ within the woodland environment. Results showed that the children engaged in six key interactions including interactions with the natural environment as part of their play, including the use of sticks, leaves and branches as tools and props ‘as is’ (i.e. in its current form) and ‘as if’ (in conjunction with children’s imaginations). The framework highlights key aspects of their play which tended to be autonomous, child led and imaginary. Recommendations for future research include the use of the framework in alternative environments to explore the impact of different physical environments on the interactions of children within their ‘free play’.
Age Gradient in Women’s Crime: The Role of Welfare Reform
Authors: Corman Hope , Dave Dhaval M. , Reichman Nancy E.
Published: February 2021

We investigate how welfare reform in the U.S. in the 1990s shaped the age gradient in women’s property crime arrests. Using Federal Bureau of Investigation data, we investigated the age-patterning of effects of welfare reform on women’s arrests for property crime, the type of crime that welfare reform has been shown to affect. We found that welfare reform reduced women’s property crime arrests by about 4%, with particularly strong effects for women ages 25 to 29, slightly stronger effects in states with stricter work incentives, and much stronger effects in states with high per capita criminal justice expenditures.
Integrating Without Quantitizing: Two Examples of Deductive Analysis Strategies Within Qualitatively Driven Mixed Methods Research
Authors: Love Hailey R. , Corr Catherine
Published: February 2021

When mixed methods research (MMR) has a qualitatively driven analytic frame, integration techniques should align with the purposes and contributions of qualitative methods. This article describes two integration strategies that can be used within qualitatively driven MMR to deductively analyze qualitative data: (a) using quantitative variables as a coding framework, (b) using statistical findings to develop codes for qualitative analysis. The strategies capitalize on the strengths of qualitatively driven MMR while facilitating analytic integration. After describing the strategies, we provide examples within a study examining early childhood inclusive education. This discussion contributes to MMR by providing integration strategies that are necessarily grounded in an analytic frame and that allow rigorous qualitative analysis, facilitate systematic analytic integration, and promote richer understanding of phenomena.
Dynamic parameters identification for sliding joints of surface grinder based on deep neural network modeling
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Xurong , Huang Zhiwen , Zhu Jianmin
Published: February 2021

Dynamic parameters of joints are indispensable factors affecting performance of machine tools. In order to obtain the stiffness and damping of sliding joints between the working platform and the machine tool body of the surface grinder, a new method of dynamic parameters identification is proposed that based on deep neural network (DNN) modeling. Firstly, the DNN model of dynamic parameters for working platform-machine tool body sliding joints is established by taking the stiffness and damping parameters as the input and the natural frequencies as the output. Secondly, the number of hidden layers in DNN topology is optimally selected in order to the optimal training results. Thirdly, combining the predicted results by DNN model with experimental results by modal test, the stiffness and damping are identified via cuckoo search algorithm. Finally, the relative error between the predicted and experimental results is less than 2.2%, which achieves extremely high prediction precision; and thereby indicates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Modeling, comparison and evaluation of one-DOF six-bar bioinspired jumping leg mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Ziqiang , Yang Qi , Liu Xingkun , Zhang Chuanzhong , Liao Jinnong
Published: February 2021

One degree-of-freedom (DOF) jumping leg has the advantages of simple control and high stiffness, and it has been widely used in bioinspired jumping robots. Compared with four-bar jumping leg, six-bar jumping leg mechanism can make the robot achieve more abundant motion rules. However, the differences among different configurations have not been analyzed, and the choice of configurations lacks basis. In this study, five Watt-type six-bar jumping leg mechanisms were selected as research objects according to the different selection of equivalent tibia, femur and trunk link, and a method for determining the dimension of the jumping leg was proposed based on the movement law of jumping leg of locust in take-off phase. On this basis, kinematics indices (sensitivity of take-off direction angle and trunk attitude angle), dynamics indices (velocity loss, acceleration fluctuation, and mean and variance of total inertial moment) and structure index (distribution of center of mass) were established, and the differences of different configurations were compared and analyzed in detail. Finally, according to the principal component analysis method, the optimal selection method for different configurations was proposed. This study provides a reference for the design of one DOF bioinspired mechanism.
Successful treatment of chronic type B aortic dissection complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulopathy with recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin after thoracic endovascular aortic repair
Authors: Iida Yasunori , Asano Ryota , Hachiya Takashi
Published: February 2021

Objectives

We report a case of successful thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) of chronic type B aortic dissection complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.

Methods

The patient suffered from chronic type B aortic dissection coexisting with a large false lumen and an intimal tear. He underwent TEVAR with left common carotid-left subclavian artery bypass.

Results

The following day, the patient exhibited a bleeding tendency and marked subcutaneous hemorrhage. He had a low fibrinogen level, a low platelet count, and high levels of fibrin dimer product and D-dimer. We diagnosed the condition as disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and administered recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rhTM). The patient recovered successfully from disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and was discharged on postoperative day 6.

Conclusions

We successfully treated a patient with chronic type B aortic dissection with a large intimal tear complicated by postoperative disseminated intravascular coagulopathy using TEVAR followed by rhTM administration. rhTM may be considered in patients with large intimal tear and false lumen.
Victims’ voice and representation in the Colombian press: ‘Dead of a Lesser God’
Authors: García Marrugo Alexandra Isabel
Published: February 2021

The signature of the peace agreement between FARC guerrillas and the Colombian government has prompted reflection on the role that different sectors of society, including the mainstream media, have played in the perpetuation of the internal conflict. Based on CDA and SFL concepts, this paper contrasts the representation of victims in a 300,000+ word corpus of newspaper reports of violent acts committed by right-wing paramilitaries and Marxist guerrillas between 1998 and 2006, the most violent period of the conflict. The results clearly show not only a significantly higher word count for guerrilla victims’ statements, but also significantly more frequent examples of personalisation such as given names, kinship and emotional language. On the other hand, paramilitary victims are backgrounded by the significantly more frequent use of generic terms. These findings are consistent with previous studies on the topic which identified the systematic concealment of the responsibility of the paramilitaries in serious human right violations.
Baseline lesion number as an efficacy predictive and independent prognostic factor and its joint utility with TMB for PD-1 inhibitor treatment in advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Wei Xiao-Li , Xu Jian-Ying , Wang De-Shen , Chen Dong-Liang , Ren Chao , Li Jia-Ning , Wang Feng , Wang Feng-Hua , Xu Rui-Hua
Published: February 2021

Background:

We previously reported tumor mutation burden (TMB) as a potential prognostic factor for patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) receiving immunotherapy. We aimed to comprehensively understand the impact of tumor burden and TMB on efficacy and prognosis in immunotherapy-treated AGC patients.

Methods:

A total of 58 patients with refractory AGC receiving PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy from a phase Ib/II clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02915432) were retrospectively included. Univariate and multivariate logistical regression analyses and the Cox proportional hazards model were performed for prognostic value of baseline factors. Factors reflecting baseline tumor burden, including baseline lesion number (BLN), the maximum tumor size (MTS) and the sum of target lesion size (SLS) were analyzed. The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were compared by Chi-square test.

Results:

In univariate analysis, high BLN was associated with poor median progression-free survival (mPFS) [1.7 months versus 3.4 months; hazard ratio (HR), 2.696, p < 0.05] and median overall survival (mOS) (3.2 months versus 7.6 months; HR, 1.997, p < 0.05), while high TMB was a positive prognostic factor. In multivariable analysis, both BLN and TMB were independent prognostic factors for mOS (BLN: HR, 2.782, p < 0.05; TMB: HR, 0.288, p < 0.05), while MTS or SLS had no association with survival. Better ORR and DCR were observed in the low BLN group (15.4% versus 5.3%, p > 0.05; 86.96% versus 54.29%, p < 0.05). When combining BLN and TMB, the best efficacy and survival were observed in the BLNlowTMBhigh group (ORR: 37.5%, DCR: 62.5%, mPFS and mOS: not reached). The worst efficacy and survival were shown in the BNLhighTMBlow group [ORR: 0% (0/15); DCR: 13.3%; mPFS: 1.7 months; mOS: 2.7 months (all p < 0.05)].

Conclusions:

BLN, rather than factors regarding baseline tumor size, is perhaps a potential predictor for benefit from immunotherapy and its combination with TMB could further risk-stratify patients with AGC receiving immunotherapy.
A Qualitative Case Study of Exemplary Principal Leadership in the United States Virgin Islands: An Application of Kouzes and Posner’s Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership
Authors: Emmanuel Suetania , Valley Clinton A.
Published: February 2021

Effective leadership is foundational to the success of all organizations. This qualitative case study aimed to explore exemplary principal leadership in the United States Virgin Islands (USVI). The study was based on Kouzes and Posner’s model of exemplary leadership. Interviews were held with school principals, teachers, and nonteaching staff members in three schools in USVI. The principal leaders in the USVI were found to exhibit the five practices of exemplary leadership as postulated by Kouzes and Posner. The study recommends that the Education department in USVI should develop guidelines and professional development opportunities to enhance exemplary leadership practices among principals.
Integrative Analysis of MicroRNA and mRNA Sequencing Data Identifies Novel Candidate Genes and Pathways for Developmental Dysplasia of Hip
Authors: Cheng Bolun , Jia Yumeng , Wen Yan , Hou Weikun , Xu Ke , Liang Chujun , Cheng Shiqiang , Liu Li , Chu Xiaomeng , Ye Jing , Yao Yao , Zhang Feng , Xu Peng
Published: February 2021

Objective

Our aim is to explore the candidate pathogenesis genes and pathways of developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH).

Design

Proliferating primary chondrocytes from hip cartilage were used for total RNA extraction including 5 DDH patients and 5 neck of femur fracture (NOF) subjects. Genome-wide mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) were then sequenced on the Illumina platform (HiSeq2500). Limma package was used for difference analysis of mRNA expression profiles. edgeR was used for difference analysis of miRNA expression profiles. miRanda was used to predict miRNA-target genes. The overlapped DDH associated genes identified by mRNA and miRNA integrative analysis were further compared with the differently expressed genes in hip osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage.

Results

Differential expression analysis identified 1,833 differently expressed mRNA and 186 differently expressed miRNA for DDH. Integrative analysis of mRNA and miRNA expression profiles identified 175 overlapped candidate genes (differentially expressed genes, DEGs) for DDH, such as VWA1, TMEM119, and SCUBE3. Further gene ontology enrichment analysis detected 111 candidate terms for DDH, such as skeletal system morphogenesis ( P = 4.92 × 10−5) and skeletal system development ( P = 8.85 × 10−5). Pathway enrichment analysis identified 14 candidate pathways for DDH, such as Hedgehog signaling pathway ( P = 4.29 × 10−5) and Wnt signaling pathway ( P = 4.42 × 10−2). Among the identified DDH associated candidate genes, we also found some genes were detected in hip OA including EFNA1 and VWA1.

Conclusions

We identified multiple novel candidate genes and pathways for DDH, providing novel clues for understanding the molecular mechanism of DDH.
Race, Ambivalent Sexism, and Perceptions of Situations When Police Shoot Black Women
Authors: Brown-Iannuzzi Jazmin L. , Cooley Erin , Cipolli William , Mehta Sarita
Published: February 2021

The current research investigates people’s attitudes toward an ambiguous situation of police violence against a woman suspect. We hypothesize that the suspect’s race and participants’ ambivalent sexism, particularly benevolent sexism, will jointly inform perceptions of the suspect’s femininity, and in turn, perceptions of the suspect’s pain, judgments of who is to blame, and perceptions the officer was justified in using force against the suspect. Across two studies, we found support for our hypotheses: participants who reported more benevolent sexism thought the suspect were more feminine, but this association was only present when the suspect was White, as opposed to Black. Perceived femininity, in turn, predicted perceptions the suspect felt more pain, was less blameworthy for the situation, and perceptions that the officer’s use of force was less justified (Study 2).
Gossypiboma: An avoidable but not a rare complication
Authors: Kumar Puneet , Shukla Priyesh , Tiwary Satyendra Kumar , Verma Ashish , Khanna Ajay Kumar
Published: February 2021

Gossypiboma is defined as mass of cotton matrix which is left in the body after surgical procedure. It is a rare complication detected after surgical procedure. This condition is under reported because of medicolegal implications. We hereby report three cases of gossypiboma encountered in clinical practice. The preoperative diagnosis of a foreign body was made in two cases. However, in one case it was misdiagnosed as a hydatid cyst.
Teams in the wild are not extinct, but challenging to research: A guide for conducting impactful team field research with 10 recommendations and 10 best practices
Authors: Maynard M. Travis , Conroy Samantha , Lacerenza Christina N. , Barnes Liza Y.
Published: February 2021

While there is no shortage of calls for research to study management concepts within organizations, there is far too little guidance on how to accomplish this feat. Conducting research in the field is especially important within the domain of organizational team research. Accordingly, we seek to provide an understanding of the current state of the organizational team field research literature and highlight recommendations and best practices. As such, we identified 10 recommendations and 10 best practices through three methods: (1) a literature review, (2) a survey of individuals who have published team field research, as well as some of the most impactful scholars investigating organizational team phenomenon, and (3) a set of interviews with practitioners in positions that can grant field access to researchers. By implementing this multi-pronged approach, we were able to incorporate multiple stakeholder voices so as to fully understand the value and ideal process for scientist-practitioner endeavors.
Service-user efforts to maintain their wellbeing during and after successful withdrawal from antipsychotic medication
Authors: Larsen-Barr Miriam , Seymour Fred
Published: February 2021

Background:

It is well-known that attempting antipsychotic withdrawal can be a fraught process, with a high risk of relapse that often leads people to resume the medication. Nonetheless, there is a group of people who appear to be able to discontinue successfully. Relatively little is known about how people do this.

Methods:

A convenience sample of adults who had stopped taking antipsychotic medication for more than a year were recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews through an anonymous online survey that investigated antipsychotic medication experiences in New Zealand. Thematic analysis explored participant descriptions of their efforts to maintain their wellbeing during and after the withdrawal process.

Results:

Of the seven women who volunteered to participate, six reported bipolar disorder diagnoses and one reported diagnoses of obsessive compulsive disorder and depression. The women reported successfully discontinuing antipsychotics for 1.25–25 years; six followed a gradual withdrawal method and had support to prepare for and manage this. Participants defined wellbeing in terms of their ability to manage the impact of any difficulties faced rather than their ability to prevent them entirely, and saw this as something that evolved over time. They described managing the process and maintaining their wellbeing afterwards by ‘understanding myself and my needs’, ‘finding what works for me’ and ‘connecting with support’. Sub-themes expand on the way in which they did this. For example, ‘finding what works for me’ included using a tool-box of strategies to flexibly meet their needs, practicing acceptance, drawing on persistence and curiosity and creating positive life experiences.

Conclusion:

This is a small, qualitative study and results should be interpreted with caution. This sample shows it is possible for people who experience mania and psychosis to successfully discontinue antipsychotics and safely manage the impact of any symptoms that emerge as a result of the withdrawal process or other life stressors that arise afterwards. Findings suggest internal resources and systemic factors play a role in the outcomes observed among people who attempt to stop taking antipsychotics and a preoccupation with avoiding relapse may be counterproductive to these efforts. Professionals can play a valuable role in facilitating change.
Long-acting injectable aripiprazole in pregnant women with schizophrenia: a case-series report
Authors: Fernández-Abascal Blanca , Recio-Barbero Maria , Sáenz-Herrero Margarita , Segarra Rafael
Published: February 2021

Antipsychotic long-acting formulations (LAI-AP) have emerged as a new therapeutic choice to treat patients presenting a severe mental disorder. Despite that, to date, there is a lack of safety data and studies regarding the use of LAI-AP formulations in pregnant women. Here we present the first six-case series of pregnant women with schizophrenia treated with aripiprazole-LAI reported in the literature. All patients remained psychopathologically stable through pregnancy and the postpartum period, and all of them were in treatment with aripiprazole-LAI. To date, all infants remain healthy with normal developmental milestones, without the presence of congenital malformations or adverse effects. Lack of information on safety data regarding the use of new antipsychotic formulations remains important in treating women with mental illness who desire to become pregnant. Further studies in this clinical population with a larger number of patients included remains necessary.
Screening Gait Performance, Falls, and Physical Activity among Benedictine and Trappist Monks
Authors: Klima Dennis W. , Davey Adam
Published: February 2021

Background and Objective:

Physical performance in older men has been reported in analyses with veterans and in disease-based cohort research. Studies examining gait performance among older monks, however, are narrow. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of a recent fall on gait ability in a cohort of Benedictine and Trappist monks in 4 US monastic communities. The second aim was to analyze physical activity and a recent fall as predictive markers of 2 constructs of gait performance.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 53 Benedictine and Trappist monks over 60 ( x = 74.7 ± 7.6; range: 61-94 years) completed a basic sociodemographic and fall history profile, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test, Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) and the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE).

Results:

Demographic profiles revealed that 10% of participants had fallen over the past 3 months; in addition, those who had fallen were more likely to limit activities because of fear of falling ( P = .005). Monks who had fallen over the past 3 months demonstrated significantly poorer TUG (12.6 ± 2.1 vs 10.5 ± 1.8; P = .01) and DGI (17.2 ± 5.3 vs 22.3 ± 2.3; P < .001) scores. There was a significant association between physical activity and both the TUG (–0.55; P < .001) and DGI (64; P < .001). Multiple regression models demonstrated that physical activity and a fall in the past 3 months predicted 24% of the variance in the TUG ( P < .001) and 46% of the variance in the DGI ( P < .001).

Conclusions:

Gait performance is linked to a recent fall episode among older monks. Predictive determinants of functional mobility (TUG) and superimposing tasks on the gait cycle (DGI) include recent fall history and physical activity. Appropriate health promotion activities can be aligned with these lifestyle attributes in monastic communities.
The Impact of a Social Assistance Program on the Quality of Life of Older People in Uganda
Authors: Byaruhanga Ivan , Debesay Jonas
Published: February 2021

This study explores the impact of social assistance on older persons’ quality of life in a Ugandan district. The purpose of the study is to establish how older persons aged above 65 years provide their livelihood in the wake of declining and waning informal family/clan/society support systems. These systems have been the source of their care for a long time. The study therefore examines how the recipients of the grant manage their everyday life amid changing norms in reciprocal care. The study is based on two focus group discussions with 13 older grant beneficiaries and four in-depth interviews with key participants affiliated with the social assistance scheme. The study’s main results include themes such as fulfilling basic needs, start-up capital and credit worthiness, supplementary income, and respite from isolation and loneliness. The study shows positive changes in the lives of older persons and a notable relative improvement in the standards of living of older persons in beneficiary districts.
Decreased Prescribing of Postoperative Opioids in Pediatric ACL Reconstruction: Treatment Trends at a Single Center
Authors: Malige Ajith , Bram Joshua T. , Maguire Kathleen J. , McNeely Lia W. , Ganley Theodore J. , Williams Brendan A.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is common in the pediatric population. Pain control after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) presents a unique challenge due to age and early rehabilitation needs. Pain management practices are believed to have evolved in recent years to limit unnecessary exposure to risks associated with opioid use in this vulnerable population.

Purpose:

To describe trends in postoperative opioid prescribing and assess factors including obtaining consent for opioid prescribing for minors that may have mitigated excessive prescription of opioids.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

This is a retrospective review of a consecutive series of pediatric patients (<18 years) undergoing primary ACLR within an urban academic hospital system over a 5-year period (2014-2018). The study period included the gradual introduction of preoperative consenting for opioid use in minors as mandated by state law in 2016. Patient characteristics, surgical details, presence of a signed consent form to prescribe opioid medications, prescribed postoperative medications, prescriber, and indicators of inadequate pain control were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine factors associated with reduced postoperative opioid prescribing.

Results:

This study included 687 patients with a mean age of 15.1 ± 1.9 years, with less than one-third of patients having preoperative consent forms to prescribe opioid medications. Postoperative prescribing trends demonstrated a decline in the number of opioid doses provided and increased utilization of nonopioid medications. Patients who received preoperative opioid counseling and signed a consent form were prescribed fewer opioids and had a smaller number of unscheduled contacts for poorly controlled pain. Univariate analyses identified multiple predictors of the number of opioid doses prescribed postoperatively. Obtaining preoperative consent to prescribe opioids and ambulatory surgery center location were found to be independent predictors of prescribed doses in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusion:

The quantity of opioid medication prescribed for pain management after pediatric ACLR at our institution has declined in recent years. This appears to be, in part, related to state-mandated preoperative counseling about opioid use, signing of a consent form by the parent(s) or guardian(s) to prescribe opioids to minors, and encouragement toward the use of nonopioid medications when possible. Preoperative opioid use discussions in the pediatric population may be useful in reducing opioid overprescription and utilization in this population.
Diagnostic Evaluation Low Yield for Patients with a Lower-Risk Brief Resolved Unexplained Event
Authors: Haddad Rita , Parker Sarah , Farooqi Ahmad , DeLaroche Amy M.
Published: February 2021

In contrast to patients with an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE), the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends very limited evaluation for patients categorized as lower-risk brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE). This retrospective review aims to explore potential missed diagnostic opportunities for patients with a lower-risk BRUE (n = 10) through comparison with a subset of patients with ALTE (n = 72). None of the patients with a lower-risk BRUE had laboratory, imaging or ancillary studies that were diagnostic. Among patients with ALTE, 5 had laboratory and 3 had imaging studies that were diagnostic. None of the patients with a lower-risk BRUE had recurrent events during hospitalization or a serious underlying diagnosis identified within the 90 day follow-up period. As recommended by the AAP, patients with a lower-risk BRUE do not need diagnostic evaluation and can be discharged home with outpatient follow-up.
Immediate Impact of a Brief Suicide Prevention Training for Veteran Volunteers
Authors: Lapidos Adrienne , Spinner Jane , Garlick James , Kees Michelle
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The concern that talking about suicide may intensify suicidal ideation is a common fear that has been dispelled by research, yet still lingers in popular consciousness. The aim of the current initiative was to develop a brief suicide prevention training for volunteers in a peer support program for veterans, given that layperson-facing approaches are critical to the U.S. national strategy for suicide prevention. Method. The study team adapted existing pedagogical approaches for use in a brief training and for a veteran population, and implemented the training with five new volunteer groups over 5 months ( N = 45). Results. Anonymous pre- and posttraining questionnaires indicated immediate statistically significant improvements in self-reported preparation to talk openly about suicide, likelihood of asking about suicide, confidence in recognizing warning signs of suicide, and confidence in intervening and involving the National Suicide Hotline. Discussion. The project begins to demonstrate that self-reported suicide prevention knowledge and skills show immediate improvements after a brief training module nested within a broader new volunteer training. This work should support efforts to develop and implement research studies on brief suicide prevention training approaches in order to determine the extent to which they change behavior longitudinally and, ultimately, reduce rates of suicide.
Dermoscopic Lotus of Learning: Implementation and Dissemination of a Multimodal Dermoscopy Curriculum for Primary Care
Authors: Seiverling Elizabeth , Ahrns Hadjh , Stevens Kathryn , Ayers Lindsay , Nussinow Tyler , Dorr Gregory , Cyr Peggy
Published: February 2021

Dermoscopy is a cost-effective tool for detection of skin cancers yet there is limited training available for primary care. The goal of this project was to develop, implement, and disseminate a multimodal curriculum for primary care across a health system based on a previously validated algorithm (Triage Amalgamated Dermoscopic Algorithm; TADA). This cross-sectional study analyzes the dermoscopy workshop intervention of a dermoscopy multimodal curriculum. Volunteers attended one 120-minute dermoscopy workshop on benign and malignant growths using a validated algorithm. Participants took a 30-image pre- and posttest. Survey questions on dermoscopy use, preferences for learning, and skin biopsy performance were included to enhance curriculum development. About 96 participants completed both pre- and postintervention tests. The mean preintervention score (out of 30) was 18.6 and increased to 24.4 on the postintervention evaluation. There was a statistically significant improvement in scores for both benign and malignant skin growths after the intervention ( P < .05). Short dermoscopy workshops have a positive intervention effect when training primary care providers to identify images of benign and malignant dermoscopic skin lesions. A multimodal dermoscopy curriculum allows learners to build on initial training using spaced review and blended learning strategies. The “Dermoscopic Lotus of Learning” has the potential to be a model for other primary care residency programs. A healthy partnership between dermatologists and primary care is essential.
A study on East-Asian designations of  pufferfish
Authors: Kwak Hyun-suk
Published: February 2021

In ancient Korea, pufferfish were called “복” or “복어,” whereas they have been called “hétún” (河豚) since the Ming dynasty in China, and were called “fugu” in ancient Japan. Since the introduction of the Chinese term “hétún” (河豚) into Korean and Japanese, pufferfish in Korea, China, and Japan have all been named “河豚.”

Besides “하돈” (the Korean pronunciation of 河豚), pufferfish have been given various designations, such as the following: “후태” (鯸鮐) or “반어” (斑魚) based upon body patterns; “후이” (鯸鮧)” or “호이” (鰗鮧) by shape; and  “기포어” (氣泡魚), “취두어” (吹肚魚), and “布久” by the look of its swollen belly. Other designations, such as “검돈” (黔魨), “작돈” (鵲魨), “활돈” (滑魨), “とらふぐ,” “からす,” and “ヒガンフグ,” were derived from pufferfish species, and designations like “진어” (嗔鱼) and “てっぽう” that originated from their habit also exist.

As above, “복어” has various designations in each of the three countries, Korea, China, and Japan. These designations, composed of Chinese characters, influenced the others, and each country and ethnic group helped to form or transform new vocabularies. In particular, numerous terms concerning object designations in the forms of Chinese characters reveal hidden definitions of the ethnic groups and cultures in these designations.

This study is focused on puffer designations in Korea, China, and Japan, how the puffer was named in each country from ancient through to modern times, and where the designations originated, and tries to determine the characteristics of each country’s puffer designations through investigation of the species and types of “pufferfish.”