bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emerging trends in wellness tourism: a scoping review
Authors: Majeed Salman , Gon Kim Woo
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Wellness tourism is complex due to the varied expectations and perceptions of tourists. This study attempts to explore components that shape tourist expectations of health treatments and tourist attractions, which have not been deeply explored in the extant literature.

Design/methodology/approach

A scoping review of the literature published between 2000 and 2021 was conducted to reach the conclusions of this study. Out of 303 literature sources, a total of 105 literature sources were retained for the final analysis.

Findings

Findings show that tourists expect a mix of health treatments, such as conventional medical treatments and alternative health treatments and tourist attractions, as part of wellness tourism to improve their health and well-being (HWB). A favorable trade-off between tourist expectations and their perception of wellness tourism impacts tourist HWB and behavioral intention.

Practical implications

The proposed wellness tourism conceptual model and wellness tourism matrix may help wellness tourism service providers to understand tourist expectations for health treatments and tourist attractions in a recent context. Wellness tourism service providers may follow the guidelines outlined in this study to offer health treatments and tourist attractions according to tourist expectations, which may result in the favorable behavioral intentions of wellness tourists.

Originality/value

This study unravels the previously under-explored role of conventional medical treatments, which arguably fall under the category of allopathic medical treatment, in wellness tourism. Destination marketing organizations may focus on the wellness philosophies of health treatments and tourist attractions to meet the growing expectations of wellness tourists for HWB, as outlined in the literature review. This study provides insights into the different components of contemporary wellness tourism those impact wellness tourists' cognitive responses, HWB and behavioral intention.
How and when do the ambidextrous frontline sales employees achieve superior sales performance?
Authors: Sok Keo Mony , Bin Devin , Sok Phyra
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Business-to-business (B2B) firms increasingly have a need for frontline sales employees who can both sell and service customer account, a task known as sales-service ambidexterity which may pose significant challenges to frontline sales employees. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to show that one has to be cognizant of the potential negative consequences brought about requiring frontline sales employees to engage in sales-service ambidexterity and find a way to mitigate such negative consequences.

Design/methodology/approach

The multisource data for this study was collected from frontline sales employees and their respective supervisors working across multiple B2B pharmaceutical companies in a Southeast Asian country. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and PROCESS Macro.

Findings

The results reveal a negative indirect effect of sales-service ambidexterity sales performance through role overload. This negative indirect effect is fully neutralized when information exchange is high but not when it is low.

Originality/value

This study underscores the importance of not only the negative consequence of sales-service ambidexterity but also offers insights into how this negative consequence is neutralized so that sales performance is maximized.
Circular economy, circular regenerative processes, agrowth and placemaking for tourism future
Authors: Tomassini Lucia , Cavagnaro Elena
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This conceptual paper explores the possibility to envision circular regenerative processes embracing agrowth and placemaking within tourism; an industry remarkably connected to the Anthropocene and its detrimental impacts on the planet. Drawing on theorisations of circular economy, on the concept of agrowth, and on theories of placemaking, this viewpoint offers a novel conceptual framework to imagine a regenerative future for tourism.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors connect the ancient archetype of “circularity”, largely used to make sense of life on Earth, with the Greek concept of oikonomia. The resulting notion of a circular oikonomia is then intersected with theories of placemaking. In doing so, the authors are driven by the idea of de-growth, as an “a-growthism” urging the abandonment of the faith towards growth for an enduring stable regenerative agrowth.

Findings

The authors offer a novel conceptual framework to counteract the negative impacts of Anthropocene and envision future scenarios in which tourism can make a difference by enacting enduring regenerative processes for places and human and non-human entities.

Originality/value

The originality of this study lies in the conceptual framework proposed to imagine the future of tourism, hospitality and mobilities in circular regenerative terms. This study envisions stable and enduring regenerative processes of natural assets, materials, products, services and resources as well as a tourism space made up of lively, multiple, transformative relationships and interactions among people and the environments people live in and travel to.
Visiting a furancho: local lifestyles as drivers of (food) tourism transformation
Authors: Morón-Corujeira Nair , Fusté-Forné Francesc
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This research analyses the relationships between local foodscapes and tourism futures departing from furanchos as examples of a rural Spanish's authentic food tradition which reveals the transformative power of local foods and culinary practices in tourism.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a narrative inquiry, the qualitative case study is based on ten semi-structured interviews with local owners of furanchos in the Spanish region of Galicia.

Findings

Results show the key characteristics of furanchos, and their potential for sustainable food production and consumption. The regulatory framework and its close connection with the environment are the reasons why they provide transformative (food) tourism experiences.

Originality/value

Drawing from the preservation of a culinary culture, the future of food tourism will not only improve the sustainability of food systems and supply chains, but also the understanding of genuine foods and practices that represent people and places.
Regenerative tourism futures: a case study of Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Fusté-Forné Francesc , Hussain Asif
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This case study urges the future of visitor economy to rely on regenerative tourism to make tourism systems resilience in the long run.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on published research and industry reports to discuss the future visitor economy and its impact on all dimensions of well-being focused on the case of Aotearoa New Zealand.

Findings

Results show that post-pandemic tourism transformation must protect and promote local identities, and enhance and enrich visitor experiences with a focus on cultural and natural heritage.

Originality/value

The recovery of tourism must not implement regenerative tourism as a new specific type of tourism but as a holistic understanding of tourism futures that encompasses communities and the environment, and where visitors are committed to preserve and protect our natural and socio-cultural environment.
Can green producers achieve strong profitability without engaging in high-risk activities?
Authors: Jansson Christian
Published: May 2022

Purpose

As environmental awareness becomes more widespread, the issue of making manufacturing more sustainable has gained increasing attention. The natural-resource-based view (NRBV) sets out to explain how firms can reduce their environmental footprint while simultaneously improving their financial performance. Drawing on the NRBV and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) literature, this study examines the relationship between pollution prevention, risk-taking and financial performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from 303 Swedish manufacturing firms were collected through a survey.

Findings

The findings reveals a positive relationship between pollution prevention and financial performance, and this relationship is found to be negatively moderated by risk-taking; that is, pollution prevention reduces the requisite for risk-taking in the achievement of financial performance.

Originality/value

This is the first study to explore how risk-taking moderates the relationship between a pollution prevention strategy and financial performance.
Continuous prediction method of earthquake early warning magnitude for high-speed railway based on support vector machine
Authors: Song Jindong , Zhu Jingbao , Li Shanyou
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Using the strong motion data of K-net in Japan, the continuous magnitude prediction method based on support vector machine (SVM) was studied.

Design/methodology/approach

In the range of 0.5–10.0 s after the P-wave arrival, the prediction time window was established at an interval of 0.5 s. 12 P-wave characteristic parameters were selected as the model input parameters to construct the earthquake early warning (EEW) magnitude prediction model (SVM-HRM) for high-speed railway based on SVM.

Findings

The magnitude prediction results of the SVM-HRM model were compared with the traditional magnitude prediction model and the high-speed railway EEW current norm. Results show that at the 3.0 s time window, the magnitude prediction error of the SVM-HRM model is obviously smaller than that of the traditional τc method and Pd method. The overestimation of small earthquakes is obviously improved, and the construction of the model is not affected by epicenter distance, so it has generalization performance. For earthquake events with the magnitude range of 3–5, the single station realization rate of the SVM-HRM model reaches 95% at 0.5 s after the arrival of P-wave, which is better than the first alarm realization rate norm required by “The Test Method of EEW and Monitoring System for High-Speed Railway.” For earthquake events with magnitudes ranging from 3 to 5, 5 to 7 and 7 to 8, the single station realization rate of the SVM-HRM model is at 0.5 s, 1.5 s and 0.5 s after the P-wave arrival, respectively, which is better than the realization rate norm of multiple stations.

Originality/value

At the latest, 1.5 s after the P-wave arrival, the SVM-HRM model can issue the first earthquake alarm that meets the norm of magnitude prediction realization rate, which meets the accuracy and continuity requirements of high-speed railway EEW magnitude prediction.
Hotel general managers’ quality of life and its impact on organisational sustainability and corporate social responsibility initiatives
Authors: Bhagtani Nivesh
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The objectives of the study are to assess the application of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in three hotel companies of similar standing by interviewing the unit general managers and to analyse the well-being of the three general managers and explore if their CSR initiatives align with the dimensions of quality of life and well-being. The article concludes with a review of the likely impact of employee well-being on the concept of the circular economy and overall sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

Explores the potential relationship between the well-being of hotel general managers and its impact on the CSR initiatives of their hotels, three luxury hotels located in Dubai, Portugal and India provide case study examples. The hotels are similar in size and scale of operations and are positioned as leisure hotels. All three hotels have a workforce of 300–400 employees on permanent contracts with an additional 150–200 on temporary contracts. This is indicative of the significant responsibilities of general managers in fostering well-being in the workplace.

Findings

Findings suggest that a hotel general manager’s own well-being does not necessarily translate into high levels of CSR activity at the unit level. However, case study analysis of the three hotels seems to indicate a correlation between enhanced sustainable initiatives and competitive advantage that is advantageous for the businesses.

Originality/value

Using a combination of the positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, achievement (PERMA) well-being profiler and three in-depth interviews, this study examines the relationship between well-being, as measured by PERMA, CSR practices, and awareness of CSR implementation. In addition, the potential role of the circular economy is considered in fostering hospitality for employee well-being.
A unique destination and transportation: current issues and possible solutions
Authors: Özgit Hale , Uludağ Orhan
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is twofold. First, to consider the ways in which transportation could be more sustainable in North Cyprus, which is mostly dependent on tourism and higher education as a small island destination. Second, to investigate current issues in the transportation sector related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employed a qualitative approach, and a descriptive analysis technique was used to analyse semi-structured interviews, conducted by telephone and face-to-face. To investigate current problems in the North Cyprus transportation sector – one of the most affected by the pandemic – travel agencies were chosen as the study’s population and research participants were selected purposively.

Findings

The findings indicate that the unpredictability of domestic policies combined with the structural challenges confronting North Cyprus contribute to unsustainable current transportation policies. North Cyprus transport and tourism both suffered significant losses during the pandemic but travel agencies were disproportionately impacted. Our study results showed that exorbitant ticket prices, taxes and transportation costs have emerged as the most significant issues in the transportation sector.

Research limitations/implications

More efficient and accurate policies that meet the needs of the sector and give opportunity for development are required. This is a critical issue for policymakers to address, as they also represent a significant barrier to the sector's long-term competitiveness.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first qualitative study to look at North Cyprus’ transportation problems from the perspective of travel agencies and the impact of the pandemic. It is thought that this study will contribute to the development of solutions for transportation problems and sustainable practices in small island developing states.
Robust fast dictionary learning for seismic noise attenuation
Authors: Feng Zhenjie
Published: May 2022

Dictionary learning has been intensively applied to process multi‐channel seismic data due to its adaptively learned basis atoms that are data driven. Traditionally, dictionary learning is mostly used to attenuate random noise in the literature since the dictionary update operation is not sensitive to Gaussian noise. However, when dictionary learning is applied to seismic data containing strong erratic noise, which does not follow the Gaussian distribution, its performance greatly deteriorates. In this paper, we propose a novel robust dictionary learning method for dealing with both random and erratic noise. We formulate the dictionary‐learning‐sbased denoising problem as an iterative process. During each iteration, we gradually diminish the effect of the erratic noise and make the denoising problem more Gaussian type. Considering the computational overburden of the classic K‐singular value decomposition algorithm due to many iterations, we substitute the K‐singular value decomposition algorithm with an efficient algorithm, which does not require the singular value decomposition operation. We apply the proposed method to several synthetic and field datasets and obtain good performance, which demonstrates its potential for wide application.
Management‐based mitigation of the impacts of climate‐driven woody encroachment in high elevation pasture woodlands
Authors: Snell Rebecca S. , Peringer Alexander , Frank Viktoria , Bugmann Harald
Published: May 2022

Changes of grazing pressure and climate have been identified as drivers of woody encroachment in subalpine pastures, but disentangling their relative importance remains challenging. It is particularly unclear if grazing alone can mitigate potential climate change impacts on encroachment.

We used the dynamic vegetation model LandClim to simulate how multiple biotic and abiotic factors influence the rate of woody encroachment (i.e. how changes in temperature and precipitation influence woody and herbaceous vegetation, and interactions with grazing). We simulated a 61‐ha subalpine pasture in Switzerland near tree line. Currently, 21% of the pasture is covered by woody plants.

If current grazing levels are maintained, almost all climate change scenarios showed an increase in woody cover. Under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, there was a mean encroachment rate of 0.24% and 0.15% per year respectively.

Large variation among climate model chains with RCP 8.5 was found, due to variations in precipitation. Generally, decreasing precipitation caused woody encroachment to slow down, even under very low grazing pressures.

Using a sensitivity analysis with all possible combinations of grazing pressure, temperature and precipitation changes, we found that woody encroachment rates were most sensitive to changes in grazing pressure. Precipitation change was the second most important factor, while temperature changes were least important.

Synthesis and applications. Modelling shows that increasing grazing pressure in subalpine pastures can strongly reduce woody encroachment and mitigate climate change impacts on woody encroachment.
Flowering overlap and floral trait similarity help explain the structure of pollination networks
Authors: Suárez‐Mariño Alexander , Arceo‐Gómez Gerardo , Albor Cristopher , Parra‐Tabla Víctor
Published: May 2022

Co‐flowering communities are usually characterized by high plant generalization but knowledge of the underlying factors leading to high levels of generalization and pollinator sharing, and how these may contribute to network structure is still limited.

Flowering phenology and floral trait similarity are considered among the most important factors determining plant generalization and pollinator sharing. However, these have been evaluated independently even though they can act in concert with each other. Moreover, the importance of flowering phenology and floral similarity, via their effects on plant generalization, in the structure of plant–pollinator networks has been scarcely studied. Here, we aim to evaluate the effect of flowering phenology and floral similarity in mediating the degree of pollinator sharing and plant generalization in two coastal communities and uncover their importance as drivers of plant–pollinator network structure.

We recorded flower production per species, as well as the identity and frequency of floral visitors along the entire flowering season. We estimated the degree of flowering overlap, the degree of floral similarity (using floral traits associated with size and colour) and the degree of pollinator sharing among plant species within both communities.

Structural equation models (SEM) showed a positive effect of flowering overlap on pollinator sharing and plant generalization. Pollinator sharing and plant generalization positively affected network nestedness. Furthermore, SEM showed a direct positive effect of flowering overlap on network modularity. The SEM analyses also revealed a significant interaction effect of floral similarity and flowering overlap on pollinator sharing, with consequences for network nestedness in one community.

Synthesis. Our results highlight the importance of integrating multiple axes of differentiation such as flowering phenology and floral similarity into our understanding of the drivers of plant–pollinator network structure.
Variations in bark structural properties affect both water loss and carbon economics in neotropical savanna trees in the Cerrado region of Brazil
Authors: Loram‐Lourenço Lucas , Farnese Fernanda Santos , Alves Rauander Douglas Ferreira Barros , Dario Bruno Matheus Mendes , Martins Ana Claudia , Aun Marina Alves , Batista Priscila Ferreira , Silva Fabiano Guimarães , Cochard Hervé , Franco Augusto Cesar , Menezes‐Silva Paulo Eduardo
Published: May 2022

Even after complete stomatal closure, plants lose water through the leaf cuticles and bark. This residual water conductance of leaves (gleaf‐res) and stems (gbark) can negatively impact plant water balance and affect plant survival in seasonally dry environments. However, little is known about the costs and benefits associated with such water leaks, especially on stem level.

Here, we characterized the structural and functional determinants of the variability in gbark across tropical savanna species to elucidate how variations in this trait are related to contrasting growth strategies.

The high variability in gbark across species was associated with morphoantomical properties of the outer bark (thickness, density and lenticel investment), and such characteristics influenced both stem transpiration and respiration, suggesting the existence of a trade‐off between water conservation and oxygen permeability, which reflected contrasting growth and dehydration tolerance strategies. For instance, species with higher gbark and gleaf‐res presented a fast resource acquisition strategy but were more prone to drought‐induced mortality by hydraulic failure. However, model simulations revealed that the relative contribution of gleaf‐res and gbark to overall water balance depended on whether leaves were less or more resistant to cavitation than the stems.

Synthesis. By combining correlative studies, experimental results and a modelling exercise, we provide a new understanding of the costs and benefits associated with the variability in gbark across tropical savanna species and a new perspective for studies of water relations and carbon economics in species from a hyperdiverse savanna.
Systematic contributions of CFEM domain‐containing proteins to iron acquisition are essential for interspecies interaction of the filamentous pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Peng Yue‐Jin , Hou Jia , Zhang Hao , Lei Jia‐Hui , Lin Hai‐Yan , Ding Jin‐Li , Feng Ming‐Guang , Ying Sheng‐Hua
Published: May 2022

Common in fungal extracellular membrane (CFEM) domain is unique in fungal proteins and some of which contribute to iron acquisition in yeast. However, their roles in iron acquisition remain largely unknown in filamentous fungi. In this study, 12 CFEM‐containing proteins were bioinformatically identified in the filamentous entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, and the roles of 11 genes were genetically characterized. Transmembrane helices were critical for their association with intracellular membranes, and their number varied among proteins. Eleven CFEM genes significantly contribute to vegetative growth under iron starvation and virulence. Notably, the virulence of most disruptants could be significantly weakened by a decrease in iron availability, in which the virulence of ΔBbcfem7 and 8 strains was partially recovered by exogenous hemin. ΔBbcfem7 and 8 mutants displayed defective competitiveness against the sister entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria brongniartii. All 11 disruptants displayed impaired growth in the antagonistic assay with the saprotrophic fungus Aspergillus niger, which could be repressed by exogenous ferric ions. These findings not only reveal the systematic contributions of CFEM proteins to acquire two forms of iron (i.e. heme and ferric ion) in the entire lifecycle of entomopathogenic fungi but also help to better understand the mechanisms of fungus–host and inter–fungus interactions.
Prawn Cocktails and Cold Shoulders: Labour, the Conservatives and the City of London since the 1990s
Authors: Ganderson Joseph
Published: May 2022

This article charts surprising departures in how the two major British parties have cultivated and regulated financial services since the 1990s. During this time, Labour leaderships have consistently sought to accommodate the City, while the Conservatives have defied it at important junctures. This pattern of behaviour challenges the assumption in classical business power theory that Conservatives should be more attuned to finance's preferences than Labour. The article attributes this to the parties’ distinct understandings of the interplay between the sector's business power and their own statecraft, which derive from substantially varying political links with the City. Labour's repeated charm offensives are prompted by a sensitivity to disinvestment and perpetually weak political ties. The Conservatives’ approach is less sensitive to the sector's economic weight and is underwritten by enduring political ties. The article examines these differences over time and with special reference to two episodes: post‐financial crisis banking reforms and Brexit.
Emotional labour as a vehicle of organisational change in maternity care: The case of Russian doulas' institutional work
Authors: Borozdina Ekaterina
Published: May 2022

Sociological scholars of healthcare professions are becoming increasingly aware of the organisational dimension of professionalism, including how professionals as institutional actors are exposed to and influence organisational transformation. By tracing the ground‐level professional efforts of Russian doulas—a caring profession that has been plunged into a reforming health system—in this article I explore how meaning‐making activities and professionals' emotional labour build into and advance institutional changes in post‐socialist maternity care. Drawing on qualitative research materials, I define three ways through which doulas' institutional efforts engage with emotions in clinical settings: (1) redefining emotional labour as a compound of maternity care; (2) grounding emotional labour in the context of reforming institutions; (3) using emotional labour to bridge discrepancies within organisational arrangements in healthcare. My research findings provide new insights into how marketisation influences professional care, as well as about caring professionalism in post‐socialist maternity care. Attention to doulas' professional efforts allows for the affective transformation and inequality in the context of healthcare reforms to be analytically grasped. In particular, I trace how doulas' institutional agency embodied in emotional labour constructs the neo‐liberal patient's identity.
The effect of differential privacy on Medicaid participation among racial and ethnic minority groups
Authors: Kurz Christoph F. , König Adriana N. , Emmert‐Fees Karl M. F. , Allen Lindsay D.
Published: May 2022

Objective

To investigate how county and state‐level estimates of Medicaid enrollment among the total, non‐Hispanic White, non‐Hispanic Black or African American, and Hispanic or Latino/a population are affected by Differential Privacy (DP), where statistical noise is added to the public decennial US census data to protect individual privacy.

Data Sources

We obtained population counts from the final version of the US Census Bureau Differential Privacy Demonstration Products from 2010 and combined them with Medicaid enrollment data.

Study Design

We compared 2010 county and state‐level population counts released under the traditional disclosure avoidance techniques and the ones produced with the proposed DP procedures.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

Not applicable.

Principal Findings

We find the DP method introduces errors up to 10% into counts and proportions of Medicaid participation rate accuracy at the county level, especially for small subpopulations and racial and ethnic minority groups. The effect of DP on Medicaid participation rate accuracy is only small and negligible at the state level.

Conclusions

The implementation of DP in the 2020 census can affect the analyses of health disparities and health care access and use among different subpopulations in the United States. The planned implementation of DP in other census‐related surveys such as the American Community Survey can misrepresent Medicaid participation rates for small racial and ethnic minority groups. This can affect Medicaid funding decisions.
Performance appraisal quality and employee performance: the boundary conditions of human resource strength and religiosity
Authors: Babar Sumbal , Obaid Asfia , Sanders Karin , Tariq Hussain
Published: May 2022

This study aims to provide new insights on the boundary condition effects of human resource (HR) strength, based on the covariation principle of the attribution theory and job demand resource model. HR strength is defined as the features of an HR system that send signals to employees, allowing them to understand the desired responses and behaviors in the relationship between performance appraisal quality (PAQ) (clarity, regularity and openness) and employees' proficient, adaptive and proactive performance. Additionally, employees' religiosity is examined as a boundary condition of the effect of perceived HR strength. The findings of a two‐wave, multi‐actor study (N = 391 employees and 61 managers) highlight that the relationship between PAQ and employee performance is strongest when it is embedded within a strong HR system (perceived HR strength) and low religiosity, or within low perceived HR strength and high religiosity conditions.
Prevalence of peripheral spondyloarthritis among patients with ultrasound‐confirmed enthesitis: Single‐center cross‐sectional study
Authors: Koçak Ulucaköy Rezan , Batıbay Sevilay , Günendi Zafer , Göğüş Feride N.
Published: May 2022

Objective

The primary goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of peripheral spondyloarthritis (pSpA) in patients with ultrasonography (USG)‐confirmed enthesitis. The secondary aim of the study was to reveal the demographic, clinical, and ultrasonographic differences of patients diagnosed with pSpA.

Methods

Fifty‐nine patients with USG‐confirmed enthesitis were evaluated by a rheumatologist to evaluate if they met the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria for pSpA. Elementary lesions assessed by USG were based on the definition of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology in Clinical Trials group which included hypoechogenicity, thickening, Doppler signal within 2 mm of bone, enthesophytes, bone erosions, and calcifications. For all patients, clinical and demographic data included: age, gender, smoking habits, body mass index, comorbid diseases, symptom duration, enthesitis region, the presence of bilateral enthesitis, entheseal pain visual analog scale (0‐10), standardized enthesitis count following Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score (MASES) and SPondyloArthritis Research Consortium Canada (SPARCC) enthesitis index.

Results

Eight (13.6%, 95% CI 6.0% to 25.0%) of 59 patients were diagnosed with pSpA according to the ASAS classification criteria. Participants diagnosed with pSpA had a longer duration of symptoms (54 vs 12 months), were more likely to present bilateral enthesitis (87.5% vs 49%) with higher SPARCC (11 vs 3) and MASES (6.5 vs 2) scores and higher C‐reactive protein (7 vs 3.2 mg/L) concentrations. Entheseal Doppler signal and hypoechogenicity were also more frequently observed (50% vs 0% and 100% vs 49% respectively).

Conclusion

Peripheral SpA is not uncommon among patients presenting with enthesitis and more likely in cases with prolonged, extensive, and bilateral enthesitis with entheseal hypoechogenicity and Doppler signal. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography can facilitate the diagnosis of pSpA in patients presenting with enthesitis.
Circ_0005231 promotes the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via sponging miR‐383‐5p and regulating KIAA0101
Authors: Sun Zhiguang , Zhang Shaowei , Zhang Nan , Wang Jianxin , Wang Jindong , Liu Junfeng
Published: May 2022

Background

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) can act as key regulators in human cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the role and mechanism of circ_0005231 in ESCC have not previously been reported.

Methods

RNA levels and protein levels were detected by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and Western blot assay, respectively. Cell proliferation was assessed by colony formation assay and 5‐ethynyl‐2'‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to assess cell migration and invasion, respectively. The intermolecular interaction was predicted by bioinformatic analysis and verified by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pulldown and dual‐luciferase reporter assays. Xenograft tumor model was used for exploring the biological function of circ_0005231 in vivo.

Results

Circ_0005231 was upregulated in ESCC plasma, tissues and cells. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were significantly restrained by knockdown of circ_0005231 in ESCC cells. Circ_0005231 acted as a sponge of miR‐383‐5p, and circ_0005231 regulated ESCC cellular behavior by sponging miR‐383‐5p. Moreover, miR‐383‐5p directly targeted KIAA0101, and circ_0005231 positively regulated KIAA0101 expression by sponging miR‐383‐5p. Furthermore, circ_0005231 knockdown suppressed the malignant behavior of ESCC cells by downregulating KIAA0101. Importantly, knockdown of circ_0005231 blocked xenograft tumor growth in vivo.

Conclusion

Circ_0005231 acted as a sponge of miR‐383‐5p to promote ESCC progression by upregulating KIAA0101, which provided a potential therapeutic strategy for ESCC treatment.
Implicit measures of alcohol approach and drinking identity in alcohol use disorder: A preregistered double‐blind randomized trial with cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)
Authors: Schwippel Tobias , Schroeder Philipp A. , Hasan Arafat , Plewnia Christian
Published: May 2022

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a severe and widespread mental disorder with a huge negative impact on the social, economic and health dimensions. The identification of risk factors for the development of AUD and for relapse in existing AUD are crucial for prevention and treatment approaches. Alcohol‐related implicit associations have been shown to contribute to drinking and might partially explain sudden relapses. The aims of this study are to investigate implicit associations in abstinent AUD patients and to test whether cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates implicit associations. We measured performance in two alcohol‐related implicit association tests (IATs) and two control tasks (flower‐insect IAT, Stroop task) in 27 abstinent AUD patients with 31.5 (SD = 36) days of abstinence on average. During the execution of the tasks, we applied 1 mA cathodal or sham tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in a sham‐controlled within‐subject design. Results show an implicit bias of alcohol avoidance and implicit nondrinking identity for abstinent AUD patients. Cathodal tDCS modulated neither alcohol‐related implicit associations nor the control tasks. This study complements knowledge about implicit alcohol‐related association in AUD patients and shows no effect of a neuromodulatory intervention to alter implicit associations with the present parameters.
Effects of habitat, season and flood on corvid scavenging dynamics in Central Australia
Authors: Bragato Patrick J. , Spencer Emma E. , Dickman Chris R. , Crowther Mathew S. , Tulloch Ayesha , Newsome Thomas M.
Published: May 2022

Carrion is an ubiquitous resource that drives the dynamics of scavenger populations and shapes the structure and composition of their communities. Corvids (Family: Corvidae) are among the most common scavengers globally, facilitating carcass discovery by other species and contributing to carcass biomass removal. Here, we examine how environmental factors influence corvid scavenging dynamics in an arid region of Central Australia. Specifically, we investigate how habitat, season and a major flood event affect corvid discovery and visitation time, and group size around carcass sites. To do so, we used data collected from camera traps monitoring 80 experimentally positioned red kangaroo (Osphranter rufus) carcasses stratified across closed and open habitats, spring and winter seasons, and before and after a flood event. Corvids took longer to discover carcasses in closed compared to open habitats, but habitat did not affect how long corvids spent visiting carcasses, or corvid group size. Corvids discovered carcasses faster in winter compared to spring and in post‐flood compared with the pre‐flood periods, and season and flood interacted to influence both corvid visitation time and group size. Our results reflect a complex interplay between temperature, the extreme boom and bust cyclicity of the study region and changing corvid activity and abundance in the local study area. We identify environmental factors as key determinants of corvid scavenging dynamics and provide the first detailed description of scavenging by corvids in the arid zone of Australia.
Normalization of English and Identity Construction of Refugee Background Youth from Burma/Myanmar in US Schools
Authors: Tun Kyaw Win
Published: May 2022

This paper is based on the ethnographic multiple case study of four refugee background youths from Burma at four different schools in a midwestern urban school district in the US. My research finds that the normalization of English constructed the focal youths' language‐related identities. I also argue that through this normalization, language difference between school and home became a difference that marginalized the focal youth in their class and racialized their subjectivity.
Accurate cup placement using a portable navigation system during total hip arthroplasty based on pelvic orientation in the lateral decubitus position
Authors: Tsukamoto Manabu , Kawasaki Makoto , Suzuki Hitoshi , Fujitani Teruaki , Uchida Soshi , Sakai Akinori
Published: May 2022

Background

We previously proposed an accurate cup placement procedure using a portable navigation system (PNS) for total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the lateral decubitus position; however, the accuracy of our proposed procedure has not been shown, the aim of this study was to demonstrate the accuracy.

Methods

We prospectively analyzed 79 hips treated with primary THA; 40 hips treated until June 2020 were included in the conventional procedure (CP) group, and 39 hips treated from July 2020 were included in the modified procedure (MP) group. In the MP, pelvic orientation is considered to be the set coordinate axes in addition to the CP using the PNS. The accuracy was based on the difference between the navigation record (NR) and postoperative computed tomography measurement.

Results

The radiographic inclination (RI) and anteversion (RA) accuracies were 1.55° and 2.14°, respectively, in the MP group and 3.03° and 6.20°, respectively, in the CP group (p < 0.001). The error was within 5° of the NR for both the RI and RA in 34 in the MP group (87.2%) and 14 in the CP group (35.0%) (p < 0.001). The error was within 5° of the target angle (RI 40°, RA 15°) for both the RI and RA in 29 hips in the MP group (74.7%) and 12 in the CP group (30.0%) (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our procedure with the consideration of pelvic orientation achieved dramatically improved the accuracy of PNS and was suitable to facilitate accurate cup placement.
Quantitative assessment of macular and circumpapillary retinal vessel density across all stages of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy using swept source optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Castillo Lorena , Berrozpe‐Villabona Clara , Miserachs‐García Sergio , Haulani Hanan , Gómez‐Gutiérrez Cecilia , Díaz‐García Rosa S. , González‐Martínez Alba , Fernández‐Sanz Guillermo , Morilla‐Grasa Antonio , García Virginia , Arias Luis , Caminal José M. , Casaroli‐Marano Ricardo
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To investigate the macular and circumpapillary retinal microvasculature across all stages of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) using swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods

This prospective, multicentre, cross‐sectional, observational study analysed a total of 119 eyes of 60 patients with molecularly confirmed LHON across all stages and 120 eyes of 60 control subjects. Optical coherence tomography angiography maps centred on the fovea and optic disc were obtained to measure vessel densities (VDs) in the macular superficial (SCP) and deep (DCP) capillary plexuses, and the radial peripapillary capillary plexus (RPCP) respectively.

Results

In asymptomatic eyes, only the SCP showed significant changes on average (B coefficient = −0.72, 95% CI = −1.34 to −0.10, p = 0.022) or in sectors representing the papillomacular bundle (PMB) (B coefficient = −1.17, 95% CI = −2.23 to −0.11, p = 0.031). However, in chronic eyes, the greatest magnitude of change was found in the temporal sector of the RPCP (B coefficient = −12.36, 95% CI = −14.49 to −10.23, p < 0.001). The RPCP showed the strongest correlations with visual acuity (VA, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; R = −0.677, p < 0.001) and structural parameters (R = 0.747, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Retinal VD changes in the circumpapillary region of the PMB appear later than in the macula but end up being more profound and correlate better with VA and structural parameters. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical utility of retinal VDs as potential LHON biomarkers.
From state partnership to social entrepreneurship: A top‐down approach to social enterprise in China
Authors: Wang Echo Lei
Published: May 2022

Social enterprises are hybrid organizations that combine for‐profit, market‐based practices with nonprofit goals. Social enterprises in China face specific political and institutional challenges that negatively affect their development. This study explores how a Government‐Organized Non‐Government Organization (GONGO) overcomes institutional challenges at different stages of social enterprise development by engaging strategies, which eventually lead to the establishment of a sustainable social enterprise. The GONGO applies social entrepreneurship in the three major aspects of identifying challenging social problems, implementing innovative market‐based solutions, and initiating long‐term institutional changes to tackle the stubborn social issue. This study demonstrates a unique top‐down social enterprise model and shows that in an authoritarian context, the GONGO could potentially take up the role of developing new social enterprise. This study initiates a deeper conversation between social entrepreneurship and China's socio‐political development.
Towards better reporting of the proportion of days covered method in cardiovascular medication adherence: A scoping review and new tool TEN‐SPIDERS
Authors: Dalli Lachlan L. , Kilkenny Monique F. , Arnet Isabelle , Sanfilippo Frank M. , Cummings Doyle M. , Kapral Moira K. , Kim Joosup , Cameron Jan , Yap Kevin Y. , Greenland Melanie , Cadilhac Dominique A.
Published: May 2022

Although medication adherence is commonly measured in electronic datasets using the proportion of days covered (PDC), no standardized approach is used to calculate and report this measure. We conducted a scoping review to understand the approaches taken to calculate and report the PDC for cardiovascular medicines to develop improved guidance for researchers using this measure. After prespecifying methods in a registered protocol, we searched Ovid Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL Plus and grey literature (1 July 2012 to 14 December 2020) for articles containing the terms “proportion of days covered” and “cardiovascular medicine”, or synonyms and subject headings. Of the 523 articles identified, 316 were reviewed in full and 76 were included (93% observational studies; 47% from the USA; 2 grey literature articles). In 45 articles (59%), the PDC was measured from the first dispensing/claim date. Good adherence was defined as 80% PDC in 61 articles, 56% of which contained a rationale for selecting this threshold. The following parameters, important for deriving the PDC, were often not reported/unclear: switching (53%), early refills (45%), in‐hospital supplies (45%), presupply (28%) and survival (7%). Of the 46 articles where dosing information was unavailable, 59% reported how doses were imputed. To improve the transparent and systematic reporting of the PDC, we propose the TEN‐SPIDERS tool, covering the following PDC parameters: Threshold, Eligibility criteria, Numerator and denominator, Survival, Presupply, In‐hospital supplies, Dosing, Early Refills, and Switching. Use of this tool will standardize reporting of the PDC to facilitate reliable comparisons of medication adherence estimates between studies.
When closeness is effortful: Teachers’ physiological activation undermines positive effects of their closeness on student emotions
Authors: Mainhard Tim , Donker Monika H. , van Gog Tamara
Published: May 2022

Background

Student perceptions of teachers’ interpersonal closeness positively affect their emotions. If closeness is, however, effortful for the teacher (i.e., emotional labour, signalling less genuine closeness), this may undermine these positive effects. We tested this assumption by using student reports and external observations of teacher closeness and ambulant measures of teacher heart rate, to gauge teachers’ physiological effort connected to being close during class.

Aims

We investigated the association between teachers’ physiological effort connected to closeness and students’ lesson‐focused emotions.

Sample

75 teachers and their students (N = 1645) participated during one real‐life lesson.

Methods

Teacher interpersonal closeness was continuously coded based on a video recording and teachers’ heart rate was measured continuously as an indicator of physiological effort. Students reported their emotions and perception of teacher closeness at the end of the lesson.

Results

Multilevel models with student emotions as DVs and students’ perceptions of teacher warmth (L1 predictor) and teachers’ physiological effort when being close (i.e., an intra‐individual cross‐correlation, L2 predictor) were tested. As expected, students reported more positive and less negative emotions when they perceived more teacher closeness. The physiological effort connected to being close was not directly associated with student emotions; however, such effort moderated the effect of perceived closeness, especially with regard to negative student emotions (i.e., cross‐level interactions). The more effortful teacher closeness was, the less closeness protected students from negative emotions.

Conclusions

In line with extant research on faking enjoyment and emotional labour, students seemed to be affected when teacher closeness was physiologically effortful, and overall positive effects of teacher closeness were undermined.
VANDA regimen followed by blinatumomab leads to favourable outcome in patients with Philadelphia chromosome‐negative B‐precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in first relapse
Authors: Heraudet Luc , Galtier Jean , Favre Simon , Peyraud Florent , Cazaubiel Titouan , Leroy Harmony , Mottal Nathan , Gros François‐Xavier , Forcade Edouard , Clément Laurence , Dumas Pierre‐Yves , Pigneux Arnaud , Leguay Thibaut
Published: May 2022

Adults with relapsed or refractory B‐precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (R/R BCP‐ALL) have very poor outcome. Blinatumomab as single agent has shown activity in R/R BCP‐ALL. We aimed to assess the activity of blinatumomab in concomitant association with intensive chemotherapy. Seventeen patients with R/R BCP‐ALL were treated with combination of blinatumomab and VANDA (etoposide, cytarabine, mitoxantrone, dexamethasone and asparaginase) regimen. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 14/17 patient (82%) and 11/17 (65%) were transplanted. One‐year leukaemia‐free survival was 58.8% for the whole cohort and 90.9% for transplanted patients. These preliminary data suggest that the VANDA‐blinatumomab salvage regimen leads to a very high rate of CR and HSCT in suitable patients.