bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redesigning team-based learning facilitation for an online platform to deliver preclinical curriculum: A response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wong Peiyan , Jumat Muhammad Raihan , Lee Irene Cheng Jie , Foo Ke Xiang , Goh Suzanne Pei Lin , Ganapathy Sashikumar , Lai Siang Hui , Hwang Nian Chih
Published: June 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Due to the increasing number of COVID-19 cases globally, and the need for critical containment, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, moved all of its preclinical classes online, keeping with national and university guidelines. The sudden move from face-to-face to online learning posed several challenges to the school's team-based learning (TBL) pedagogy. In TBL, student engagement is key to promote peer-to-peer learning. The educational faculty found that it was challenging to ensure student engagement through an online platform. Additionally, online TBL is heavily dependent on the use of technology. Technological and internet connectivity issues were potential obstacles to the learning process. This manuscript proposes practical tips for a facilitator of an online TBL class to engage learners in this new format. To overcome technical complications, a dedicated centralized administrative team managed the logistics of hosting TBL online. Working synergistically, the facilitator, and the administrative team were instrumental in recreating the learning environment of a face-to-face TBL in an online platform.
Lenin’s Images in Visual Satire and the Collapse of Anti-Bolshevik Propaganda
Authors: Aksenov Vladislav
Published: June 2020

This article analyses anti-Leninist visual propaganda and examines the reasons for its low effectiveness. The author studies the morphological structure of Lenin’s images as an internal and external enemy, “the other”: a German spy, Judas, Hun, anarchist, or a member of the Black Hundreds. It is demonstrated that the sources of anti-Leninist images were visual political satire of the previous period and mass rumours. In some cases, anti-Leninist images were provoked by the radical statements and actions of Ulyanov himself. Anti-Leniniana was even beneficial to Bolsheviks: Lenin, previously unknown to the general public, became one of the most prominent political antagonists. Widespread public fears and premonitions were reflected in the images, which makes visual satire a mirror of the era. The low effectiveness of anti-Leninist propaganda can be explained by various factors, i. e. the use of propaganda stamps which most people had already gotten tired of during World War I; the inversion of images in the perceptions of different social strata; excessive stigmatisation of the Bolsheviks, who, as they approached October, began to be perceived as victims of the tired regime of A. F. Kerensky; and the counter-propaganda of the Bolsheviks themselves.
The Red Machine: The Dehumanization of the Communist Enemy in American Cold War Cinema
Authors: Riabov Oleg
Published: June 2020

This article deals with the US Cold War cinematographic construction of the Soviet enemy. The researcher focuses on the means of dehumanising the communist enemy, external and internal, by equating it to a machine. The author applies Nick Haslam’s dual model of dehumanization (2006), according to which dehumanization is visible in two main forms: animalistic, by associating members of the out-group with animals, and mechanistic, by associating them with a soulless machine. The materials used consist of US films from the “Long Fifties”, in which Hollywood, equating the enemy to machines, developed three plots: the robotic existence of individuals in a totalitarian society; the transformation of Americans into zombies by communists by means of Soviet science; and the body snatching of Americans by an alien mind, an allegory of a future communist occupation of the USA. The article demonstrates that dehumanization was implemented by directly labeling the representatives of the communist world as robots and by attributing to them a lack of emotions, consciousness, will, individuality, initiative, warmth, love, friendship, creative abilities, and even the ability to smile. Such an image of the enemy implied a moral exclusion, treating them as an inanimate object unworthy of empathy, including in the event of their destruction. The author points out that the use of mechanistic dehumanization was very effective. Essentialization of the differences between “us” and “them” occurred: the symbolic border between them is presented as a boundary between living and nonliving. The image of mortal danger was created: the “Red Machine” is strong and merciless, it cannot be moved to pity, and so it is permissible to destroy it. This image contributed to the legitimation of power: the political opponents of the authorities are represented as internal enemies who are anxious to turn Americans into obedient executors of someone else’s will and to deprive them of humanity. At the same time, the machine also has weaknesses, and it is possible to defeat it: since it is devoid of human creativity, it is clearly inferior to the free human spirit embodied in America.
They Arrived Completely Intact: The Evacuation of Chersonese Museum Collections to Sverdlovsk
Authors: Mokhov Anton , Shamanaev Andrey , Kapsalykova Karina
Published: June 2020

This article considers the emergency evacuation of the collections of the Chersonese Historical and Archaeological Museum from Sevastopol to Sverdlovsk during the Great Patriotic War, between September and December 1941. The authors analyse some issues concerning the preparation and transportation of the museum collection and the interaction between state structures and cultural institutions in wartime conditions. The study is based on unpublished archival materials from the funds of the State Archive of Sverdlovsk Region and the Documentation Centre of Public Organisations of Sverdlovsk Region. The study of problems connected with saving cultural heritage during military conflicts is relevant considering the threat of local wars in the modern world. At present, military actions pose serious risks of the destruction, damage, and illicit transfer of museum exhibits. The authors employ the historical and anthropological approach, paying a great deal of attention to the historiography of the issue of cultural heritage preservation during the Great Patriotic War. The experience of evacuating heritage collections from the Chersonese Museum is both unique and typical. One hundred and eight crates of artifacts, books, and archival documents were sent from Sevastopol to Sverdlovsk, accompanied by a single employee of the museum, S. F. Strzelecki. Owing to his effort, the priceless collection was successfully delivered to the rear. Most problems faced during the emergency evacuation of the Chersonese collections related to the deficit of material resources, rapid changes in the situation at the front, inefficient interaction between the bodies of power, academic and cultural institutions, and deficiencies in the transportation system. The authors argue that during the early stages of the Great Patriotic War, the conditions in the military and cultural spheres posed a significant threat to the preservation of cultural heritage. There were no mobilisation plans for museums and the authorities failed to assess the real risks of wartime. Taking these factors into account should help diminish the threat of cultural heritage loss during military conflicts.
Private Trade in the Mixed Economy of the Urals under the NEP
Authors: Ilyinykh Vladimir
Published: June 2020

The author reviews Private Trade and Credit in the Urals under the NEP: Economic, Political, and Social Aspects: A Monograph by A. P. Kilin, which focuses on the topic of private trade under the NEP and considers it in a wider chronological context. The monograph analyses the NEP as a model of managing and regulating the economy, trade, and commodity turnover in the Urals. It also considers private trade as an object of state control, the credit system, social aspects of private enterprise under the NEP and the trading and intermediary activities of workers. The monograph provides a heterogeneous picture which enables the reader to gain a comprehensive idea of the NEP and the place private trade occupied in it. Of crucial historiographic importance is the author’s conclusion that private trade was an organic part of the mixed economy’s structure under the NEP and served to connect the producer, the consumer, different spheres of economy and economic setups.
From DP Camps to the “Green Continent”
Authors: Antoshin Alexey
Published: June 2020

This review focuses on a monograph written by Jayne Persian, lecturer at the University of Southern Queensland (Australia). The work is the first complex study devoted to the adaptation of former “displaced persons” (more particularly, émigrés from the Soviet Union) in Australia between the 1940s and 1960s. The work refers to an extensive complex of documents from the National Archives of Australia, the National Archives (United Kingdom), the Noel Butlin Archives Centre, Australian National University, and interviews with former “displaced persons” residing in Australia. The study is very important because it provides new information on the second wave of Soviet emigration, which is seldom examined by contemporary Russian scholars. Persian demonstrates that political factors played an important role in how the Australian government granted immigration permission. Quite frequently, Australia preferred people who shared anti-communist positions. Therefore, many former collaborators of the World War II era came to Australia; this hindered cooperation between the USSR and Australia. Persian shows that “new Australians” had difficulty integrating into society. The government tried to assimilate them, which pushed the immigrants to seek isolation in their communities. This book helps us understand the controversial character of the state policy of historical memory, a problem that is also very important for contemporary Russia.
Stakeholder perceptions of the Considerate Constructors Scheme in UK construction
Authors: Watts Greg , Higham Anthony , Alotaibi Ali
Published: June 2020

The Considerate Constructors Scheme (CCS) was introduced in 1997 to improve the image of the UK construction industry and has grown dramatically, with over 6000 construction and infrastructure projects registered valued at £43 billion. While evidence exists that the industry’s image is improving, there is little research into the CCS perceptions of those tasked with scheme delivery. It is not clear if contractors engage with CCS willingly as proactive participants or succumb to the requirements of clients to win work simply. The aim of this paper is to gain an insight into contractor perceptions of CCS to aid clients and contractors ultimately in their delivery of the scheme and ensure that the CCS delivers the maximum benefit for stakeholders. A case study of a single infrastructure project registered with the CCS is utilised. All CCS documents were critically analysed, and interviews were conducted with clients, the contractor and residents. The findings contribute to an unexplored area of research and reveal the motivations behind why a contractor engages with the CCS, the advantages and drawbacks in the scheme’s current enactment and key lessons on how the CCS could be administered and delivered more effectively for the benefit of all stakeholders.
Central Role for Adipocyte Na,K-ATPase Oxidant Amplification Loop in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sodhi Komal , Wang Xiaoliang , Chaudhry Muhammad Aslam , Lakhani Hari Vishal , Zehra Mishghan , Pratt Rebecca , Nawab Athar , Cottrill Cameron L. , Snoad Brian , Bai Fang , Denvir James , Liu Jiang , Sanabria Juan R. , Xie Zijian , Abraham Nader G. , Shapiro Joseph I.
Published: June 2020

Significance Statement

Adipocyte redox state is known to affect the systemic phenotype in obesity/metabolic syndrome models, but it has not been studied in experimental models of uremic cardiomyopathy. A peptide, NaKtide, delivered with a lentivirus vector to partially nephrectomized mice fed a western diet, inhibited Na,K-ATPase signaling and ameliorated the experimental uremic cardiomyopathy and other features of the uremic syndrome. Targeting skeletal muscle cells with the same manipulation had essentially no effect. Modulating adipocyte Na,K-ATPase signaling enabled control of the phenotype of experimental uremic cardiomyopathy, demonstrating a key role of the adipocyte in the pathogenesis. If confirmed in humans, the findings suggest a new therapeutic target.

Background

Oxidative stress in adipocyte plays a central role in the pathogenesis of obesity as well as in the associated cardiovascular complications. The putative uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate induces oxidative stress and dramatically alters adipocyte phenotype in vitro. Mice that have undergone partial nephrectomy serve as an experimental model of uremic cardiomyopathy. This study examined the effects on adipocytes of administering a peptide that reduces oxidative stress to the mouse model.

Methods

A lentivirus vector introduced the peptide NaKtide with an adiponectin promoter into the mouse model of experimental uremic cardiomyopathy, intraperitoneally. Then adipocyte-specific expression of the peptide was assessed for mice fed a standard diet compared with mice fed a western diet enriched in fat and fructose.

Results

Partial nephrectomy induced cardiomyopathy and anemia in the mice, introducing oxidant stress and an altered molecular phenotype of adipocytes that increased production of systemic inflammatory cytokines instead of accumulating lipids, within 4 weeks. Consumption of a western diet significantly worsened the adipocyte oxidant stress, but expression of NaKtide in adipocytes completely prevented the worsening. The peptide-carrying lentivirus achieved comparable expression in skeletal muscle, but did not ameliorate the disease phenotype.

Conclusions

Adipocyte-specific expression of NaKtide, introduced with a lentiviral vector, significantly ameliorated adipocyte dysfunction and uremic cardiomyopathy in partially nephrectomized mice. These data suggest that the redox state of adipocytes controls the development of uremic cardiomyopathy in mice subjected to partial nephrectomy. If confirmed in humans, the oxidative state of adipocytes may be a therapeutic target in chronic renal failure.
Osmanlı Döneminde İstanbul’da Modern Bir Mezbaha Kurma Teşebbüsü
Authors: ÇAĞMAN Engin
Published: June 2020

19. yüzyılın sonlarında İstanbul’da bilimsel ve modern usullere göre faaliyet gösterecek

bir mezbaha ihtiyacı had safhaya ulaşmış ve bu ihtiyaç birçok kurum tarafından

dile getirilmiştir. Şehrin muhtelif yerlerinde mezbahalar bulunmasına rağmen sıhhi ve

bilimsel kurallara riayet edilmemesi, kesim öncesi hayvanların ve sonrasında da etlerin

kontrollerinin yeterince yapılamaması halkın sağlığını tehdit etmekteydi. Öte yandan

mezbahaların tam olarak gereğince vergilendirilememesi nedeniyle devletin gelir kaybı

da söz konusuydu. Bunun yanı sıra Şehremaneti tarafından mevcut haliyle mezbahaların

ve hayvan satış mahallerinin ihtikâra, dolayısıyla et fiyatının makul bir sebep olmaksızın

ciddi şekilde artmasına neden olduğu iddia ediliyordu.

Şehremaneti, mezbahaların ıslah edilmesinin çok zor olduğu düşüncesiyle tüm İstanbul

halkına hitap edecek sıhhi, bilimsel ve modern özellikleri içeren umûmi bir mezbaha

ve hayvan pazarının kurulması amacıyla 1911 yılında bir proje ihalesi açmıştır. İhtiyaçları

karşılayabilecek en uygun projeyi belirleyebilmek amacıyla bir komisyon teşkil edilmiş

ve kazanan proje sahibine müesseseyi kurması karşılığında işletmesi için kırk yıllığına

imtiyaz tahsis edilmesi, bununla birlikte mezbaha ve hayvan pazarı gelirlerinden Şehremanetine

de belirli bir pay ayrılması kararlaştırılmıştır.

Makale, Osmanlı arşiv belgeleri üzerinden söz konusu mezbaha ve hayvan pazarı

tesisi kurma çabalarını ele almaktadır. Böyle bir tesis ihtiyacının ortaya çıkış nedenleri,

ihaleyle ilgili hazırlanan raporlar, ihaleye karşı gösterilen tepkiler, devlet kurumlarının

ve sektör temsilcilerinin meseleye yaklaşımı birinci el kaynaklardan faydalanarak ortaya

koyulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Ramazan Yıldırım, 20. Yüzyıl İslâm Dünyasında Hilafet Tartışmaları
Authors: KUTLU Hakan
Published: June 2020

Yayın Değerlendirme
The Effect of the Central Bank Liquidity Support during Pandemics: Evidence from the 1918 Spanish Influenza Pandemic
Authors: Anderson Haelim , Chang Jin-Wook , Copeland Adam
Published: June 2020

The coronavirus outbreak raises the question of how central bank liquidity support affects financial stability and promotes economic recovery. Using newly assembled data on cross-county flu mortality rates and state-charter bank balance sheets in New York, we investigate the effects of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic on the banking system and the role of the Federal Reserve during the pandemic. We find that banks located in more severely affected areas experienced deposit withdrawals. Banks which were members of the Federal Reserve were able to access central bank liquidity and so continue or even expand lending. Banks which were not members, however, did not borrow on the interbank market but rather curtailed lending, suggesting there was little-to-no pass-through of central bank liquidity. Further, in the counties most affected by the 1918 Influenza, even banks with direct access to the discount window liquidated assets so as to meet large deposit withdrawals, suggesting limits to the effectiveness of the liquidity provision by the Federal Reserve. Finally, we show that the pandemic caused only a short-term disruption on the financial sector. Over the long-term, deposits returned and banks restored their asset portfolios.
Los unicornios galopan rampantes a través de China e India: éxitos y similitudes
Authors: Pérez James , Marrugo Lina , Tordecilla Verónica
Published: June 2020

Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar el éxito y las características del nuevo modelo de negocio de las empresas unicornio chinas e indias, así como los intentos de desarrollar un marco CEHI (Colocación, Actitudes de emprendimiento, Startups de alta tecnología e innovación) para el análisis de las empresas de este tipo a nivel global. La literatura de la firma Unicorn es inmadura en negocios, administración y contabilidad (BMA) en Scopus y Web of Science. Para cerrar esta brecha, este artículo revisa la literatura existente que explora y analiza de manera integral todos los unicornios en China e India (coloquialmente denominado Chindia, con 89 unicornios chinos y 16 unicornios indios a partir de 2019) para proporcionar información sobre el fenómeno y contribuir a futuras vías para la investigación de los unicornios.
Prevalência da periodontite crônica em pacientes atendidos em uma clínica escola de odontologia
Authors: Sousa Karolayne da Silva , Leal Lara Niely Bezerra , Cavalcante João Lucas de Sena , Araújo Luciana Mara Peixoto
Published: June 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A periodontite crônica é uma das patologias bucais mais comuns, apresentando elevadas taxas de perda dentária. OBJETIVO: identificar a prevalência da periodontite crônica dos pacientes atendidos em um centro universitário no interior do Ceará. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo transversal, cujas informações da população pesquisada foram obtidas por meio de prontuários dos pacientes atendidos no período de 2013 a 2018. Foram incluídos na pesquisa dois mil, oitocentos e vinte e um prontuários que continham as informações completas necessárias ao estudo e o TCLE (Termo de Consentimento Livre Esclarecido) devidamente assinado. As variáveis analisadas forami dade, sexo, tipo de doença periodontal, doença sistêmica e hábito de fumar. RESULTADOS: Entre os pacientes avaliados foi observado que 21,5% destes apresentaram periodontite crônica. O sexo feminino apresentou maior prevalência com 55,8% e a faixa etária mais acometida por essa doença foi entre 30-44 anos. Dos pacientes fumantes 29% desenvolveram a patologia periodontal, e aqueles com alterações sistêmicas, 25,2% apresentaram periodontite crônica, sendo a doença cardiovascular a de maior prevalência com 57,2%. CONCLUSÃO: Entre os pacientes avaliados 21,5% apresentaram periodontite crônica, sendo de grande valia entender como se dá a distribuição e os demais fatores que estão associados a essa doença, pois esses dados podem ser utilizados no planejamento de ações voltadas a saúde pública.
Propriedades biomecânicas do poli-éter-éter-cetona (PEEK) e sua aplicação na clínica odontológica: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Galvão Igor Adolfo Gonçalves , De Carvalho Phelipe Cruz , Feitosa Raquel Sousa , De Sousa Ermeson Inácio , Grangeiro Manasses Tercio Vieira , Figueiredo Viviane
Published: June 2020

OBJETIVO: revisar a literatura sobre o biomaterial poli-éter-éter-cetona (PEEK) enfatizando as propriedades mecânicas e aplicações na odontologia. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed, Scielo e Bireme, utilizando os termos de busca: Materiais Dentários, Implantes Dentários, Prótese Dentária. Os critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram estudos in sílico, in vitro, revisão sistemática da literatura que aborda as variáveis em estudo, idioma em inglês e português. RESULTADOS:  PEEK vem ganhando destaque importante na odontologia, uma vez que possui uma relação de alta resistência a peso, propriedades elásticas similares ao osso humano, capacidade de absorver choque durante a mastigação, alta resistência ao desgaste, baixa taxa de corrosão zero e absorção de água. CONCLUSÃO: considerando as propriedades físicas e mecânicas do PEEK, esse material pode ser utilizado em prótese parcial removível e prótese parcial fixa. A literatura mostra em estudos in sílico e in vitro que o PEEK ainda possui características clinicas inferiores quando em comparação com implantes de titânio.
Implimenting ER stress inducing drugs to determine interaction with ER stress response pathway with novel compounds v1
Authors: O Leary Tadhg
Published: June 2020

This assay was designed to determine potential interactions of novel metal-based anti-cancer agents with Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress response pathways using ER stress inducing drugs. Drugs which can interact with this pathway should experience an increase in cytotoxicty following pre-treatment of cells with the ER stress inducing drugs Anisomycin and Tunicamycin, and measured using a standard cell proliferation assay (Alamar Blue).
Increased Awareness and Decreased Acceptance of Genome-Editing Technology: The Impact of Chinese Twin Babies v1
Authors: Watanabe Daiki , Saito Yoko , Tsuda Mai , Ohsawa Ryo
Published: June 2020

Genome-editing technology has become increasingly known in recent years, and the 2018 news of genome-edited twins in China had a particularly significant impact on public awareness. In the present study we investigate the effect of Japanese media coverage on public opinions of this technology. To identify the effects we employ a questionnaire survey method on a pre-registered sample from online research company Macromill. Our repeated survey from 2016 through 2019 reveal a generally supportive attitude toward the medical application of genome-editing methods. To see this we employed a multinomial logit analysis examining the determinants of negative and positive impressions of the technology. Results show that although editing for medical purposes remained mostly acceptable, its use in fertilizing human eggs was increasingly rejected, especially in 2019, the most recent sample year. The suggestion is that while genome-editing applications in general medical fields are publicly accepted, its use in human functionality enhancement is heavily increasingly resisted. News of the twin babies in China did raise public awareness of the methods but also damaged their reputation. It therefore is important for genome researchers to hold such concerns in mind, keeping the public informed of changing technology fundamentals. As a related question we ask into the public acceptability of genome editing for animal and plant breeding, such as in agriculture and fisheries, as well. We find the Japanese public views the medical and breeding applications of this technology to be unconnected with each other, despite that awareness of both has risen significantly in recent years.
Protocol of a systematic review with meta-analysis: Acute effects of physical exercise on blood pressure responsiveness to non-cardiopulmonary stress tests v1
Authors: Mariano Igor , Luiza Amaral Ana , Morais Puga Guilherme
Published: June 2020

Laboratory stress tests can help compose the clinical profile of individuals and predict the development of future cardiovascular events and depression. These tests work by disturbing the individual's homeostasis to assess the body's responses to it. To assess responses to these stressors, several markers are used, of which we will highlight the blood pressure (BP).One of BP's control strategies is to perform physical exercises. It is known that even after a single exercise section, blood pressure levels can be below baseline levels at rest, but its influence on blood pressure levels under stress is still poorly understood. Thus, the objective of the scientific review proposed here is to answer the following question: what are the acute effects of physical exercise on BP responsiveness to non-cardiopulmonary stress tests in adults?For this, we will carry out a systematic review with meta-analysis on digital bases (PUBMED, LILACS, EMBASE and Psycinfo), of controlled studies that are carried out in adult humans and that indicate BP values under stress after a single session of physical exercises.
Increased Awareness and Decreased Acceptance of Genome-Editing Technology: The Impact of Chinese Twin Babies v5
Authors: Watanabe Daiki , Saito Yoko , Tsuda Mai , Ohsawa Ryo
Published: June 2020

Genome-editing technology has become increasingly known in recent years, and the 2018 news of genome-edited twins in China had a particularly significant impact on public awareness. In the present study we investigate the effect of Japanese media coverage on public opinions of this technology. To identify the effects we employ a questionnaire survey method on a pre-registered sample from online research company Macromill. Our repeated survey from 2016 through 2019 reveal a generally supportive attitude toward the medical application of genome-editing methods. To see this we employed a multinomial logit analysis examining the determinants of negative and positive impressions of the technology. Results show that although editing for medical purposes remained mostly acceptable, its use in fertilizing human eggs was increasingly rejected, especially in 2019, the most recent sample year. The suggestion is that while genome-editing applications in general medical fields are publicly accepted, its use in human functionality enhancement is heavily increasingly resisted. News of the twin babies in China did raise public awareness of the methods but also damaged their reputation. It therefore is important for genome researchers to hold such concerns in mind, keeping the public informed of changing technology fundamentals. As a related question we ask into the public acceptability of genome editing for animal and plant breeding, such as in agriculture and fisheries, as well. We find the Japanese public views the medical and breeding applications of this technology to be unconnected with each other, despite that awareness of both has risen significantly in recent years.
Freezing worms v1
Authors: Islam Priota
Published: June 2020

Caenorhabditis elegans can be frozen and stored for long term storage in liquid nitrogen (−196 °C) and at -80C. The keys to a successful freeze are using animals at the correct stage of development, the addition of glycerol to the freezing media, and a gradual cooling to -80°C. Freshly starved young larvae (L1-L2 stage) survive freezing best. Well-fed animals, adults, eggs and dauers do not survive well. It is best to use several plates of worms that have just exhausted the E. coli OP50 lawn and that contain lots of L1-L2 animals.
Tata Ruang Kosmologis Masyarakat Adat Kampung Naga berbasis Naskah Sunda Kuno
Authors: Sumarlina Elis Suryani Nani , Permana Rangga Saptya Mohamad , Darsa Undang Ahmad
Published: June 2020

Cosmologically, humans are seen as the microcosm of the universe whose entire life must always carry out all the torments or teachings of the Sanghyang Darma. That is the ideal human who can reach eternal heaven or nirvana according to the Sanghyang Raga Dewata (SRD) manuscript, one of the lontar manuscripts and the ancient Sundanese language of the sixteenth century AD. The cosmological concept of spatial Sundanese society, based on several Sundanese manuscripts of the XVI century AD, is triad, triune or triumvirate. Sundanese people have a view of parallels between the macrocosm and the microcosm, between the universe and the human world. This order seeks to find the meaning of the world according to its existence. This paper presents the cosmological layout of the Kampung Naga indigenous people, based on the Ancient Sundanese XVI century AD, which is examined through descriptive analysis research methods, and philological and cultural studies methods. The cosmological concept of the Kampung Naga community is closely related to the concept known as Tri Tangtu Di Bumi, which includes ‘tata wilayah', 'tata wayah', and 'tata lampah', all of which are interconnected with one another, according to their customs and traditions. AbstrakSecara kosmologis, manusia dipandang sebagai mikrokosmosnya jagat raya, seluruh kehidupannya harus selalu menjalankan segala siksa atau ajaran Sanghyang Darma.  Itulah manusia ideal yang kelak dapat mencapai surga abadi atau nirwana menurut naskah Sanghyang Raga Dewata (SRD), salah satu naskah lontar beraksara dan berbahasa Sunda kuno abad ke-16 Masehi. Konsep tata ruang masyarakat Sunda secara kosmologis, berdasarkan beberapa naskah Sunda abad  ke-16 Masehi, bersifat tiga serangkai, tritunggal atau triumvirate. Masyarakat Sunda memiliki pandangan tentang kesejajaran antara makrokosmos dan mikrokosmos, antara jagat raya dan dunia manusia. Dalam tatanan ini, berupaya mencari makna dunia menurut eksistensinya. Tulisan ini menyajikan kosmologis tata ruang masyarakat adat Kampung Naga, berbasis naskah Sunda Kuno abad ke-16 Masehi, yang dikaji melalui metode penelitian deskriptif analisis, dan kajian filologi dan budaya. Konsep kosmologis masyarakat Kampung Naga seperti itu, berkaitan erat dengan konsep yang dikenal dengan sebutan Tri Tangtu di Bumi, yang meliputi ‘tata wilayah’, ‘tata wayah’,  dan‘tata lampah’, yang ketiganya saling berhubungan satu sama lain, sesuai dengan adat dan tradisi mereka.
Sikap Bahasa Penyiar AKTV Terhadap Bahasa Sunda
Authors: Fitri Eneng Nuraeni , Haerudin Dingding , Solehudin Oleh
Published: June 2020

”Basa téh cicirén bangsa, leungit basana ilang bangsana”. This proverb explains that language is the national identity if the language is lost the people will also disappear. The function of the language itself is a tool for communication. In line with that, the Sundanese people should maintain their language. As has been done by AKTV which provides programming in Sundanese. Efforts to maintain language are closely related to language attitudes. This research is motivated by the importance of Sundanese language skills in the broadcaster AKTV. This study aims to find out how the attitude of AKTV announcer language towards Sundanese and what factors influence it. To achieve this, a qualitative descriptive method is used. The technique used is observation and questionnaire techniques. Data sources were obtained from the broadcaster AKTV. The instruments used include recording equipment, cameras, and questionnaire guidelines. Where the data from this study will be described using the theories of Garvin and Mathiot. The results of this study are 1) the language loyalty of broadcasters AKTV towards Sundanese is 81.1%; 2) the pride of the language announcer AKTV to Sundanese is 59.1%; 3) awareness of the language norms of AKTV announcers towards Sundanese is 61.1%, and; 4) factors that influence the attitude of AKTV broadcasters' language. Thus it can be concluded that the broadcaster AKTV has a positive language attitude towards Sundanese. AbstrakBasa  téh  cicirén  bangsa, leungit basana ilang bangsana. Peribahasa tersebut menjelaskan bahwa bahasa adalah jati diri bangsa, jika hilang bahasanya hilang juga bangsanya. Fungsi dari bahasa sendiri adalah alat untuk komunikasi. Sejalan dengan hal itu, sudah seharusnya masyarakat Sunda mempertahankan bahasanya. Seperti  yang  telah  dilakukan  oleh  AKTV  yang  menyediakan  program  acara dengan pengantar bahasa Sunda. Upaya mempertahankan bahasa erat kaitannya dengan sikap bahasa. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya kemampuan berbahasa Sunda pada penyiar AKTV. Penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana sikap bahasa penyiar AKTV terhadap bahasa Sunda dan faktor apa saja yang memepengaruhinya. Untuk mencapai hal itu, digunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik yang digunakan adalah teknik observasi dan angket. Sumber data diperoleh dari penyiar AKTV. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi alat rekam, kamera, dan pedoman angket. Data penelitian ini dideskripsikan menggunakan  teori  Garvin  dan  Mathiot.  Hasil  dari  penelitian  ini  yaitu  1) kesetiaan berbahasa penyiar AKTV terhadap bahasa Sunda sejumlah 81.1%; 2) kebanggaan berbahasa penyiar AKTV terhadap bahasa Sunda sejumlah 59.1%; 3) kesadaran  norma  berbahasa  penyiar  AKTV  terhadap  bahasa  Sunda  sejumlah 61.1%; dan 4) faktor yang mempengaruhi sikap bahasa penyiar AKTV. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyiar AKTV memiliki sikap bahasa yang positif terhadap bahasa Sunda.
Frasa Eksosentrik dalam Novel Kembang Kembang Petingan Karya Holisoh M.E
Authors: Maryanika Leni , Sudaryat Yayat
Published: June 2020

The research aims to analyze and describe exocentric phrase that include the form, stucture, and semantics (the relation between grammatical elements) that contained in the novel Kembang Kembang Petingan by Holisoh M.E. In this study used descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Technique used in collecting data is a literature study. The data analysis technique used in this study is direct elemental analysis techniques. The data source used in this study is Novel Kembang Kembang Petingan by Holisoh M.E. The results of this research have 1133 phrase with 1658 frekuesi and describe three things, (1) exocentric phrase divided into two types of phrase, direktif phrase and relative phrase, (2) stucture of exocentric phrase have four general stucture and eleven substucture, and (3) semantics (the  relation between grammatical elements) have twelve relation gramatical of direktif phrase and two relation gramatical of relative phrase in the Kembang novel Kembang Petingan by Holisoh ME. Based on research can be concluded phrase exocentric in Kembang Kembang Petingan novel by Holisoh M.E can be examined in aspects form, stucture, and relation grammatical elements. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan frasa eksosentrik yang meliputi bentuk, struktur, dan semantik (hubungan antarunsur gramatikal) yang terdapat dalam novel Kembang Kembang Petingan karya Holisoh M.E. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, teknik yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan data adalah tehnik studi pustaka, dan teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu teknik analisis unsur langsung. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah novel Kembang Kembang Petingan karya Holisoh M.E. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu terdapat 1133 frasa eksosentrik dengan frekuensi 1658 kali, lalu mendeskripsikan tiga hal yaitu (1) bentuk frasa eksosentik yang terdiri atas data 2 jenis frasa yaitu frasa direktif dan relatif, (2) struktur frasa eksosentrik yang memiliki 4 pola utama dan 11 subpola, dan (3) semantik (hubungan makna antarunsur gramatikal) yang terdiri atas 12 hubungan makna antarunsur gramatikal frasa direktif dan 2 hubungan makna antarunsur gramatikal frasa relatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa frasa eksosentrik mempunyai bentuk, struktur, dan hubungan gramatikal antarunsurnya yang berkaitan dengan kajian struktur dan semantik.
Memori Traumatis dalam Novel Jawa Kadang Suriname Sanak Merapi Karya Fuji Riang Prastowo: Kajian Postmemory
Authors: Ernawati Yunita
Published: June 2020

This study examines the process of transmitting traumatic memory in a novel Kadang Suriname Sanak Merapi by Fuji Riang Prastowo. Through analysis of traumatic transmission it will be known how the formation of a structured transmission. The purpose of this study is to dismantle the structure of transmission through the process of traumatic transmission from the first generation to the next generation. This research uses Postmemory Theory by Marianne Hirsch. The analytical method in this study uses descriptive qualitative analysis. The results of this study are: 1) there are two transmissions that make up the novel, namely the familial transmission of grandmothers and parents so that it leads to affiliative transmission obtained from the office, 2) the Indonesian and Dutch governments experienced hypermasculinization. While Indies and exiles are Infantilized, 3) cropping was done by dominating the story of Indies and exiles as an effort to reconstruct memory. AbstrakPenelitian ini mengkaji proses transmisi memori traumatis dalam novel Kadang Suriname Sanak Merapi karya Fuji Riang Prastowo. Melalui analisis transmisi traumatis maka akan diketahui bagaimana pembentukan tramsmisi yang terstruktur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membongkar struktur transmisi melalui proses transmisi traumatis dari generasi pertama ke generasi selanjutnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Postmemory yang dipelopori oleh Marianne Hirsch. Metode analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini yakni: 1) ada dua transmisi yang membentuk novel, yaitu transmisi familial dari nenek dan orangtua sehingga hal itu mengantarkan kepada transmisi afiliatif yang diperoleh dari kantor; 2) pemerintah Indonesia dan Belanda mengalami Hypermaskulinized. Sedangkan Indies dan orang-orang buangan mengalami Infantilized; 3) cropping dilakukan dengan mendominasikan cerita Indies dan orang buangan sebagai upaya rekonstruksi memori.
Aprendizaje-Servicio como Estrategia Metodológica para Impulsar Procesos de Educación Expandida
Authors: Mayor Paredes Domingo
Published: June 2020

En este estudio se exponen algunos de los resultados de una investigación centrada en la percepción del estudiantado universitario, del grado de Educación Social, y el coordinador de un proyecto de Aprendizaje-Servicio que se realizó en un barrio socialmente desfavorecido. En el mismo participaron: estudiantado y profesor universitario, alumnado de secundaria y primaria y profesionales de distintos ámbitos socioeducativos. Para ello se planteó una investigación de enfoque mixto, utilizando el estudio de caso de carácter exploratorio como método de investigación. Como técnicas de recogida de datos se usaron la observación participante, el análisis de documentos, las entrevistas semiestructuradas individuales y grupales y un cuestionario ad hoc, diseñado por el profesor. Los resultados obtenidos permiten constatar los efectos producidos en distintas dimensiones relacionadas los proyectos de Aprendizaje-Servicio: la vinculación teoría-práctica, los aprendizajes alcanzados y el desarrollo del compromiso social del alumnado universitario. Estos hallazgos evidencian la importancia de esta metodología para la creación de escenarios pedagógicos expandidos que favorecen la retroalimentación entre teoría-práctica en contextos reales, la importancia de la reflexión en la adquisición de los aprendizajes experienciales y el análisis de la realidad y la creación de acciones socioeducativas como ejes para el desarrollo del compromiso social.
Research Self-Efficacy of Cambodian Undergraduate Students at Province-Based Universities
Authors: Seng Cheyvuth , Carlon May Kristine Jonson , Cross Jeffrey Scott
Published: June 2020

Self-efficacy is crucial for producing challenging research results, which in turn may lead to innovations and development that can accelerate a country's economy. Undergraduate research self-efficacy in Cambodia has been of particular interest because graduates form the future pipeline of research professionals, which is important for Cambodia since its economy is still at a developing stage. While several studies have been conducted on undergraduate research self-efficacy in Cambodia, most of the participants were from capital city-based universities. The research self-efficacy of province-based university students, whose numbers have increased in recent years, remains to be investigated. In this study, we address this gap by adapting the Research Self-Efficacy Survey by Phillips and Russell (1994) and administered it to 1,009 undergraduate students from different faculties at three public province-based universities in Cambodia in order to assess their research self-efficacy. Using independent t‑tests and ANOVA, the mean research self‑efficacy score was 2.13 (± .66) on a 5 point-scale and varies significantly with small effect size based upon gender, academic year, and working experience.  There is a need to focus on interventions aimed at improving the research self-efficacy of the undergraduate students, which in turn will increase their ability to do research. These include measures such as curriculum reform, improving the quality of teaching, teacher training, creating new educational materials, and upgrading research facilities. These will allow more research activities that can give the students opportunities to do research and eventually increase their research self-efficacy which is likely to benefit Cambodian society in the provinces. Although the issues presented here may appear to be isolated to Cambodia, other developing nations should also consider these issues as they develop higher educational institutions in their provinces away from their capital city.
Female Refugees’ Perception of Children Education at Za’atari Camp-Jordan
Authors: Mrayan Suhair , Saleh Amany
Published: June 2020

This qualitative phenomenological study examined thirty female Syrian refugees’ perceptions of their children education at the Za’atari Refugee Camp in Jordan. Interpretive Phenomenological Analytic (IPA) was employed to analyze the data collected through in-depth interviews. Findings demonstrated the refugees’ high regard for education and their aspirations for a brighter future for their children. Results also highlighted the challenges refugees face at the camp, which impede their children education and prevent the majority of them from attending schools. The research findings contribute to a better understanding of the refugees’ experiences and challenges.
Development of 2D models of the magnetic field for digital twin technology and generative design of power transformers
Authors: Tikhonov A.I. , Stulov A.V. , Snitko I.S. , Podobnyj A.V.
Published: June 2020

The development of generative design technologies that solve the problems of structural optimization and digital twins, that is simulation models of devices with at least 95 % accuracy, is an urgent task. These tech-nologies are usually implemented on the basis of 3D models of physical fields, for example, using ANSYS Maxwell or COMSOL Multiphysics packages, which are demanding in terms of computer resources and de-signer skills. However, the sufficient accuracy for transformer digital twins can be achieved using chain and 2D field models. The article aims to develop the models to calculate the transformer with the accuracy and ability to take into account the design features of a particular device, which is characteristic of digital twins. This can be used in generative design of transformers and in the study of their operation modes. The finite element method implemented via the authoring EMLib library which allows calculating magnetic fields in a 2D formulation was used. The simulation methods using the MatLab Simulink SymPowerSystem package were also employed. The assumptions made during the power transformer simulation have been estimated. They include the possibility of using chain and 2D field models without taking into account the steel anisotropy with Dirichlet boundary conditions when calculating the scattering fluxes. 2D field models have been developed for calculating the main flux and scattering fluxes, which are able to form the basis for digital twin technology and generative design of transformers. A simulation model of a transformer implemented in MatLab Simulink has been provided. The possibility of using the models for diagnosing transformer faults has been demonstrated. The simulation results of a transformer with a defect have been presented. The results obtained can be used in the development of transformers to search for optimal designs and to study the results of design decisions without creating prototypes. The findings can also be applied while operating the transformers to assess the damage and failures without dismantling and according to the test results.
The behavior of a gas–vapor system inside a cavitation bubble during axial valve operation
Authors: Kapranova A.B. , Lebedev A.E. , Melzer A.M. , Neklyudov S.V.
Published: June 2020

The energy industry needs reliable, environmentally friendly control valves, which include the category of control valves. The creation of conditions for reducing the intensity of cavitation effects at the initial stages of its development determines the main purpose of the study which aims to prevent possible negative consequences of developed cavitation, which in their turn include erosion of the flowing surfaces of the elements of the specified equipment and vibrations that go beyond operating standards. One of the possible ways to solve the problem is to use the process of throttling fluid flows in the working volume of the control device. The particular interest is paid to the mathematical description of the mechanism of formation of cavitation bubbles in terms of gas–vapor system. To obtain analytical results for describing the behavior of the gas–vapor system of the macro-system of cavitation bubbles, we used the authoring stochastic model of the cavitation bubbles formation process in the flow part of the axial valve. The model was constructed on the basis of the energy method in the framework of the equilibrium representation of states of an energetically closed macro-system. The dependence of the random component of the angular momentum of the cavitation bubble on the flow coefficient of the valve and the conditional diameter of its flow cross section for various ratios of gas and vapor concentration inside the bubbles has been analysed. The implementation of the process of throttling fluid flows in the control valve using the proposed design solution to the separator–external locking shell allows reducing the random component of the angular momentum of the cavitation bubble and increasing the valve throughput coefficient at various stages of the separator opening.