bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prescription Pattern of Antibiotics in Pulmonary Ward of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Mohd Altaf Dar  , Mudasir Maqbool  , Irfat Ara
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

World population growth, pollution and overcrowding have all contributed to an increase in respiratory infections. Antibiotic resistant virulent bacteria are on the rise, and they're spreading quickly. As a general rule, lower respiratory tract infections cause only minor symptoms but can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Improvements in public and professional awareness of the long-term nature of many LRTIs could lead to better antibiotic stewardship. The objective of the study was to assess the prescription pattern of antibiotics in patients in a pulmonary ward of a tertiary care hospital, Jammu and Kashmir.

METHODS

A six-month prospective observational study in a pulmonary ward of a tertiary care hospital in Jammu and Kashmir looked at antibiotic use patterns in a single location. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 355 patients were considered for evaluation. Asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), and acute respiratory infections such as the common cold and pharyngitis were all included in the study.

RESULTS

In our study, 230 (64.79%) of the 355 patients were males, while 125 (35.21%) were females. Pulmonary Tuberculosis had the highest number of cases observed (157 patients, 44.22 percent), followed by COPD 91 patients (25.63 percent), pneumonia 46 patients (12.95 percent), Pleural effusion cases 43 patients (12.11 percent), and Bronchiectasis cases 18 patients (5.07 percent). The findings revealed that the most commonly prescribed antibiotics were Cephalosporins, Macrolides, Metronidazole, Penicillins, Aminoglycosides, Doxycycline, Fluoroquinolones, and finally Carbapenems.

CONCLUSIONS

Globally, respiratory illnesses are on the rise due to a growth in population, pollution, urbanization and overcrowding. There is a rapid increase in the number of multi-drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. However, lower respiratory tract infections can cause severe morbidity and mortality if left untreated. Understanding and judicious use of antibiotics may be improved if more people are aware of the long-term nature of LRTIs. In order to understand the dangers and advantages of antibiotic treatment, further research is needed. There is a risk that the use of antibiotics for minor viral respiratory infections could lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant viruses in the community.
Multi-Level Perceptual Network for Urban Building Extraction from High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Sun Yueming , Chen Jinlong , Huang Xiao , Zhang Hongsheng
Published: June 2023

Building extraction from high-resolution remote sensing images benefits various practical applications. However, automation of this process is challenging due to the variety of building surface coverings, complex spatial layouts, different types of structures, and tree occlusion. In
this study, we propose a multilayer perception network for building extraction from high-resolution remote sensing images. By constructing parallel networks at different levels, the proposed network retains spatial information of varying feature resolutions and uses the parsing module to perceive
the prominent features of buildings, thus enhancing the model's parsing ability to target scale changes and complex urban scenes. Further, a structure-guided loss function is constructed to optimize building extraction edges. Experiments on multi-source remote sensing data sets show that our
proposed multi-level perception network presents a superior performance in building extraction tasks.
The Politics of Moderate Islam in Indonesia: Between International Pressure and Domestic Contestations
Authors: Alvian Rizky Alif , Ardhani Irfan
Published: June 2023

This article focuses on understanding how Muslim-majority countries adapt to the discourse of moderate Islam to their political circumstances. Using Indonesia’s experience as a case study, the article argues that countries’ political configurations influence decisions to apply the discourse in domestic politics. In the Indonesian context, political leaders’ unwillingness and inability to confront the Islamists are crucial factors that limited the influence of moderation discourse in former Presidents Megawati’s and Yudhoyono’s reigns. During that period, the presidents used the discourse mainly to signal to the international community that Indonesia did not align itself with the transnational network of terrorism. In contrast with his predecessors, President Widodo is willing to use the discourse to undermine the influence of the Islamists, thereby neutralising their challenges and cementing his political power. Moreover, this article demonstrates that the content of the discourse of moderation is indeterminate. Although the concept is usually associated with positive democratic attitudes, Widodo’s emphasis on support for national unity in his definition of moderation shows that political actors can appropriate the concept and adjust it to their particular political needs. [Tulisan ini berusaha memahami bagaimana negara mayoritas Muslim beradaptasi dengan wacana Islam moderat dalam kehidupan politiknya. Menggunakan pengalaman Indonesia sebagai studi kasus, tulisan ini berpendapat bahwa keputusan untuk menerapkan wacana tersebut dalam politik domestik dipengaruhi oleh konfigurasi politik dalam negeri. Dalam konteks Indonesia, ketidakinginan dan ketidakmampuan para pemimpin politik untuk menghadapi kelompok Islamis adalah faktor krusial yang membatasi pengaruh wacana moderasi di masa kepemimpinan Presiden Megawati dan Yudhoyono. Dalam periode tersebut, kedua presiden menggunakan wacana moderasi utamanya untuk mengirim sinyal kepada komunitas internasional bahwa Indonesia tidak berpihak pada jaringan teroris transnasional. Berbeda dengan pendahulunya, Presiden Widodo memanfaatkan wacana tersebut untuk melemahkan pengaruh kelompok Islamis, dalam rangka menetralisir tantangan dan mengukuhkan kekuatan politiknya. Lebih dari itu, tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa isi dari wacana moderasi tidaklah pasti. Walaupun konsep tersebut umumnya diasosiasikan dengan sikap demokratik yang positif, penekanan Widodo pada dukungan bagi persatuan bangsa dalam definisi moderasinya menunjukkan bahwa para aktor politik dapat menyesuaikannya dengan kepentingan politik mereka yang spesifik.]
Intimidad de la información genética predictiva en oncología
Authors: Jiménez Jiménez Geiner
Published: June 2023

El derecho a la privacidad es un derecho fundamental cuyo contenido ha ido en expansión y hoy en día abarca información tan íntima de la persona como sus propios genes. La aparición de nuevos escenarios derivados del avance de la biotecnología en materia del genoma humano exhorta a que el bioderecho regule y facilite a los Estados la incorporación en su jurisdicción de elementos pertinentes que resguarden este derecho conexo a la misma dignidad del ser humano. En este trabajo se hace una descripción de las declaraciones o convenios que existen a nivel internacional, así como las leyes en Costa Rica que podrían ser aplicadas en el entorno de las pruebas genéticas predictivas en oncología.
The Impact of Railway Transport on the Socioeconomic Development of Territories
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Kravchenko Sergey , Dementiev Vyacheslav ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: June 2023

Recent studies in the field of socioeconomic development of the country’s regions show high intensity and versatility, but they do not sufficiently assess the transformation of territories in conjunction with the functioning of railway transport, as an important element in ensuring sustainable growth. The content of the work is aimed at establishing the impact of rail transport on the socio-economic development of regions. The theoretical provisions of the spatial economy constitute the methodological basis of the study. The research methods are bibliometric analysis, in particular the analysis of the frequency of using keywords (co-occurrence analysis), methods of comparative, correlation and regression analysis. The empirical basis of the study includes publications indexed by the Scopus database, as well as official statistical information on the functioning of railway transport and the level of socioeconomic development of the territories, which Russian Railways operates, for the period 2010–2020. The initial data were processed using VOSviewer 1.6.18, EViews 13, Stata/MP 14.2. The article tests the assumption that there is a correlation between the results of railway transport and gross regional product as a characteristic of the socio-economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation. The approach involves checking the cross-dependence and stationarity of variables, performing a Pedroni and Kao panel cointegration analysis, estimating the parameters of the cointegrating regression, and conducting a Dumitrescu – Hurlin causality panel analysis. The research results empirically substantiate the existence of long-term, bidirectional and unidirectional causal relationships between the parameters of the functioning of the railway transport and GRP
Assessment of Traffic Noise Levels in the City of Pila
Authors: Gorzelańczyk Piotr , Sobczak Kamil , Ližbetinová Lenka
Published: June 2023

The last few decades have been characterized by the rapid development of technology and various industries around the world, as well as increasing levels of urbanization. The development of technology has resulted in the emergence of many inventions, vehicles and equipment. This has resulted in many unforeseen consequences generating threats to the environment in which humans’ function. One of these hazards is the noise emitted by vehicles. For this reason, environmental protection was created in response to threats to human existence [1]. For this reason, the main objective of this work is to determine the level of noise resulting from traffic transportation in the city of Sawtooth. In order to achieve the given objective in the city, sound values will be adopted and an acoustic map will be developed based on them. A large amount of noise in the city of Pila is caused by road transportation, but from the results of the study it can be said that it is minimally exceeded only on two streets by less than 5 decibels and on 3 other streets where it is equal to the permissible noise value. The main places where the most noise is generated are two-lane roads and traffic lights and traffic circles. A lot of noise is generated when there are a large number of vehicles slowing down and starting in these places. A very big plus in the fight against noise in Pila is public transportation.
A new species of Parthenocissus (Vitaceae) from India with notes on Causonis trifolia
Authors: Dominigose Nimmi Chungath , Anto Puthur Varghese , Pradeep Ayilliath K
Published: June 2023

A new species of Parthenocissus, P. wallichianus is described and illustrated from Kerala, India. This taxon was found and collected previously from India but misunderstood by earlier Indian botanists for names under various combinations among the such as Vitis, Cissus, Cayratia, and Causonis. The combinations were based either on the Linnaean Vitis trifolia or on Lamarck's Cissus carnosa. Both these names are currently accepted as conspecific and validated now as belonging to Causonis trifolia (L.) Mabb.et J. Wen. The new taxon has separated from all these genera by a suit of characters and is shown fit best to the genus Parthenocissus. A key for the identification of Indian species of Parthenocissus is also provided.
Investigating Selected Denigrating Yorùbá Proverbs Inimical to Social Cohesion
Authors: Olofin Olufunmilayo Lara , Odebiyi Idowu Paul , Omisakin Adeyemi Matthew
Published: June 2023

National cohesion is a global trending issue in this century, consequent upon terrorist activities all over the world. This paper x-rays selected Yorùbá proverbs in relation to social cohesion. It examines the denigrating nature of the selected proverbs in a multilingual society. It also aims at determining existence of the proverbs till date and the extent of their usage for communication purposes. Ten purposively selected Yorùbá proverbs are scripted for completion by one hundred (100) undergraduate respondents between ages 15 and 35, to discover their level of awareness of and familiarity with the proverbs, using descriptive statistics analysis. The study draws insight from Communication Accommodation Theory, (CAT) (Giles, 1987 & Giles & Ogay, 2007). Results show that the proverbs are still in use and the youth are aware of these proverbs but in varying degrees.
Interkulturalität als eine diplomatische Diskursstrategie? Eine interkulturelle Diskursanalyse in der deutsch-chinesischen politischen Kommunikation
Authors: Lu Jiaojiao
Published: June 2023

Dieser interkulturell ausgerichtete Beitrag untersucht den strategischen Gebrauch von Diskurshandlungen in der deutsch-chinesischen politischen Kommunikation. Mit Hilfe der Methode der interkulturellen Diskursanalyse werden die außenpolitischen und innenpolitischen Reden von 5 hochrangigen deutschen Politikern vergleichend analysiert, wodurch sich die strategischen Handlungsabstimmungen der deutschen Politiker in der interkulturellen deutsch-chinesischen Kommunikation aufzeigen lassen. Im Vergleich mit dem intrakulturellen Diskurs finden sich in dem interkulturellen Diskurs vor allem mehr Verwendungen von expressiven und argumentativen Diskurshandlungstypen. Zugleich wurden in diesen Reden negativ bewertende wie auch präskriptive Diskurshandlungstypen weniger eingesetzt. In diesen Handlungsabweichungen lässt sich die Interkulturalität als eine Veränderungsdynamik aufzeigen, die als eine diplomatische Diskursstrategie im diplomatischen Diskurs zum Einsatz gekommen ist.
Measurement of spectrum-averaged cross sections of the (n,p) and (n,n′) reactions on strontium by fast neutrons of a TRIGA reactor: comparison with integrated data from excitation functions of various data libraries
Authors: Shuza Uddin M. , Mezbah Uddin M. , Khan Rahat , Mehedi Hasan M. , Asad Shariff M. , Obaidur Rahman M. , Qaim Syed M.
Published: June 2023

Integral cross sections of the reactions 84Sr(n,p)84Rb, 86Sr(n,p)86Rb and 87Sr(n,n′)87mSr, over the fast neutron spectrum of a TRIGA reactor above 0.5 MeV, were measured for the first time. The results were used for integral tests of the evaluated excitation functions in the data libraries, ENDF/B-VIII.0, ROSFOND-2010, JEFF-3.3, JENDL-5 and TENDL-2021. The integral measurements are generally consistent with the integrated values within 12 %, except for a few cases. The two data libraries ENDF/B-VIII.0 and ROSFOND-2010 appear to need some improvement with regard to the reactions investigated in this work.
Eichung im Wandel – Veränderungen bei gesetzlich geregelten Messgeräten
Authors: Ulbig Peter
Published: June 2023

Digitalisierung und Energiewende verändern unser Leben in großen Schritten. Den Eichbehörden kommt dabei nach wie vor mit ihrer messtechnischen Kompetenz die Aufgabe zu für Verbraucherschutz und fairen Wettbewerb zu sorgen. Es werden Beispiel gezeigt, wie sich einerseits eichtechnische Aufgaben verringern (z. B. Abgasmessgeräte und Taxameter), aber andererseits viele neue Aufgaben hinzukommen (z. B. Ladesäulen, neue nachhaltige Treibstoffe, intelligente Messsysteme).
Desulfurization of coal using SnO2/TiO2 nanocomposite immobilized on glass beads under solar light irradiation
Authors: Ahmed Zubair , Bhatti Ijaz A. , Amjed Nyla , Mohsin Muhammad , Iqbal Shahid , Al Huwayz Maryam , Alwadai Norah , Nazir Arif , Iqbal Munawar
Published: June 2023

Coal is one of the important sources of energies and its combustion produce sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere, which needs desulphurization to avoids the pollution issue. Coal desulfurization was performed using SnO2/TiO2 nanocomposite under solar light irradiation. The SnO2/TiO2 was synthesized by co-precipitation method and deposited on glass beads. The prepared SnO2/TiO2 was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques. The SnO2/TiO2 nanocomposite desulfurization efficiency was performed under solar light irradiation and process variables, i.e., irradiation time, H2O2 and pH were optimized for maximum desulfurization of coal. The SnO2/TiO2 nanocomposite showed promising efficiency and 60 % sulfur removal was achieved under optimum conditions. Based on efficiency, the SnO2/TiO2 nanocomposite has potential for the desulphurization of coal under solar light exposure, which will make the process highly economical feasible.
Mobility patterns of satellite travellers based on mobile phone cellular data
Authors: Michalkó Gábor , Prorok Márton , Kondor Attila Csaba , Ilyés Noémi , Szabó Tünde
Published: June 2023

For a long time, tourism statistics were the only reliable source of information on tourism mobility. Tourism statistics are inadequate for the analysis of tourist mobility within state borders and across Schengen Borders without using registered accommodations. Big data offers the opportunity to gain a better understanding of tourism movements, for example, same-day tourist flows in metropolitan areas. Here, we introduce the concept of the satellite traveller to more effectively investigate the nature of tourism between the large city and its surroundings. As tourists communicate via cellular devices, the use of mobile phones offers an opportunity for researchers to explore the mobility pattern of tourists. In this article, we discuss the specificities of mobility in Hungary by SIM card users registered in foreign countries. The analysis is based on the Telekom database. We seek to answer the question to what extent the information from the satellite tourists’ mobile phone use can help to understand their movements and to identify frequented places less commonly accounted for in tourism statistics. The most important findings of our investigation are (1) the confirmation of former knowledge about spatial characteristics of same-day tourist flows in the Budapest Metropolitan Region, (2) the insight that far away settlements are also visited by satellite travellers, and (3) the methodological limitations of mobile phone cellular data for tourism mobility analysis.
Assessing the bias and uncertainties in the aircraft mass balance technique for the determination of carbon dioxide emission rates
Authors: Hajny Kristian D. , Lyon David R. , Armstrong Austin , Floerchinger Cody R. , Jayarathne Thilina , Kaeser Robert , Lavoie Tegan , Salmon Olivia E. , Stirm Brian H. , Stuff Andrew A. , Tomlin Jay M. , Wulle Bernard , Lopez-Coto Israel , Shepson Paul B.
Published: June 2023

Urban areas are the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions but also leaders in emission reduction efforts. Appropriate techniques to quantify emissions and any potential reductions over time are necessary to effectively inform these mitigation efforts. The aircraft mass balance experiment (MBE) is an established technique used for such a purpose. In this work, we use a series of 55 MBEs downwind of power plants to assess the technique’s bias and precision. In addition, we investigate what factors drive the absolute error, determined as the absolute difference between observed and reported emission rates, in individual experiments using multilinear regressions. Power plants are required to monitor their carbon dioxide emissions with an hourly resolution, and these publicly available reported emissions can be directly compared to the mass balance estimates as a pseudo-known release. To quantify the bias we calculated the mean error, which was 10 ± 240 Mg·h−1 (1σ), regressed mass balance emission rates against reported emission rates to yield a slope of 0.967 ± 0.062, and compared the sum across all mass balance emission rates, 31,000 ± 1,000 Mg·h−1, to the sum across all reported emissions, 30,660 ± 740 Mg·h−1. All three of these approaches suggest no systematic bias. Then to quantify the precision for individual determinations we calculated the slope of a regression between the standard deviation across repeated MBEs and the corresponding average emission rate, which is 30.7% ± 6.7%. The main drivers of the absolute error were sparse sampling of the plume, poor horizontal and vertical mixing of the plume, and smaller signal-to-noise ratios. Quantifying the capabilities of this technique provides context for previous analyses and allows stakeholders and researchers to make informed decisions when choosing quantification methods. Identifying the factors that drive the absolute error also allows us to adjust flight design to minimize it and potentially improve uncertainty estimates.
Warm air intrusions reaching the MOSAiC expedition in April 2020—The YOPP targeted observing period (TOP)
Authors: Svensson Gunilla , Murto Sonja , Shupe Matthew D. , Pithan Felix , Magnusson Linus , Day Jonathan J. , Doyle James D. , Renfrew Ian A. , Spengler Thomas , Vihma Timo
Published: June 2023

In the spring period of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition, an initiative was in place to increase the radiosounding frequency during warm air intrusions in the Atlantic Arctic sector. Two episodes with increased surface temperatures were captured during April 12–22, 2020, during a targeted observing period (TOP). The large-scale circulation efficiently guided the pulses of warm air into the Arctic and the observed surface temperature increased from −30°C to near melting conditions marking the transition to spring, as the temperatures did not return to values below −20°C. Back-trajectory analysis identifies 3 pathways for the transport. For the first temperature maximum, the circulation guided the airmass over the Atlantic to the northern Norwegian coast and then to the MOSAiC site. The second pathway was from the south, and it passed over the Greenland ice sheet and arrived at the observational site as a warm but dry airmass due to precipitation on the windward side. The third pathway was along the Greenland coast and the arriving airmass was both warm and moist. The back trajectories originating from pressure levels between 700 and 900 hPa line up vertically, which is somewhat surprising in this dynamically active environment. The processes acting along the trajectory originating from 800 hPa at the MOSAIC site are analyzed. Vertical profiles and surface energy exchange are presented to depict the airmass transformation based on ERA5 reanalysis fields. The TOP could be used for model evaluation and Lagrangian model studies to improve the representation of the small-scale physical processes that are important for airmass transformation. A comparison between MOSAiC observations and ERA5 reanalysis demonstrates challenges in the representation of small-scale processes, such as turbulence and the contributions to various terms of the surface energy budget, that are often misrepresented in numerical weather prediction and climate models.
Strong correlations of sea ice cover with macroalgal cover along the Antarctic Peninsula: Ramifications for present and future benthic communities
Authors: Amsler Charles D. , Amsler Margaret O. , Klein Andrew G. , Galloway Aaron W. E. , Iken Katrin , McClintock James B. , Heiser Sabrina , Lowe Alex T. , Schram Julie B. , Whippo Ross
Published: June 2023

Macroalgal forests dominate shallow hard bottom areas along the northern portion of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). Macroalgal biomass and diversity are known to be dramatically lower in the southern WAP and at similar latitudes around Antarctica, but few reports detail the distributions of macroalgae or associated macroinvertebrates in the central WAP. We used satellite imagery to identify 14 sites differing in sea ice coverage but similar in terms of turbidity along the central WAP. Fleshy macroalgal cover was strongly, negatively correlated with ice concentration, but there was no significant correlation between macroinvertebrate cover and sea ice. Overall community (all organisms) diversity correlated negatively with sea ice concentration and positively with fleshy macroalgal cover, which ranged from around zero at high ice sites to 80% at the lowest ice sites. Nonparametric, multivariate analyses resulted in clustering of macroalgal assemblages across most of the northern sites of the study area, although they differed greatly with respect to macroalgal percent cover and diversity. Analyses of the overall communities resulted in three site clusters corresponding to high, medium, and low fleshy macroalgal cover. At most northern sites, macroalgal cover was similar across depths, but macroalgal and macroinvertebrate distributions suggested increasing effects of ice scour in shallower depths towards the south. Hindcast projections based on correlations of ice and macroalgal cover data suggest that macroalgal cover at many sites could have been varying substantially over the past 40 years. Similarly, based on predicted likely sea ice decreases by 2100, projected increases in macroalgal cover at sites that currently have high ice cover and low macroalgal cover are substantial, often with only a future 15% decrease in sea ice. Such changes would have important ramifications to future benthic communities and to understanding how Antarctic macroalgae may contribute to future blue carbon sequestration.
Capacidad antioxidante de bacterias lácticas aisladas de peces e invertebrados marinos de la provincia de Chubut, Patagonia-Argentina
Authors: Sosa Franco M. , Parada Romina B. , Sánchez-Cabrera María A. , Marguet Emilio R. , Vallejo Marisol
Published: June 2023

La actividad antioxidante de las bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL) ha sido estudiada en profundidad en cepas aisladas de organismos terrestres, alimentos fermentados y sin procesar. Sin embargo, esta información en aislamientos de origen marino aún está siendo determinada. Tal característica presenta un interés particular, debido a su uso potencial en alimentos funcionales. En este trabajo, se estudió la capacidad antioxidante de 16 BAL bacteriocinogénicas provenientes de organismos marinos de la costa del Chubut (periodo 2010-2022), mediante ensayos in vitro e in vivo. Se evaluó la capacidad antioxidante in vitro por medio de la reducción de 2,2-difenil-1-picrihidrazilo (DPPH), actividad antioxidante reductora de iones cúpricos (CUPRAC) y barrido de radicales oxidrilos, empleando células sin lisar. Se utilizó Saccharomyces cerevisiae como modelo biológico eucariota para valorar el efecto protector in vivo. Los resultados obtenidos por secuestro de radicales DPPH exhibieron valores entre 15-37.5%; el ensayo de secuestro de radicales oxidrilos mostró valores entre 13.3-61.9% y el método CUPRAC los valores variaron entre 0.223-0.551, equivalentes a mmol de ácido ascórbico por ml de suspensión celular. El efecto protector de las BAL en la supervivencia de S. cerevisiae presentó valores entre 36-90%. No fue posible establecer relaciones entre los valores obtenidos por distintos métodos o entre miembros del mismo género o especie; por ello, la capacidad antioxidante podría considerarse una característica dependiente de la cepa. Los resultados sugieren que la capacidad antioxidante de BAL bacteriocinogénicas de origen marino podría usarse como un carácter metabólico de selección con potencial biotecnológico en el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales.
Editorial: “Actos escolares: una práctica en decadencia”
Authors: Nair Godoy Julieta
Published: June 2023

Most historians will agree to define this discipline as the science that aims to reconstruct the past of different societies over time, to understand the present and project the future. However, those of us who are dedicated to working in the field of Social Sciences in general and History in particular, find ourselves with two well-marked paths when it comes to “making history”. One of the paths is the one that uses this science as a power tool and in that sense it is loyal to the ideals of each time, to the memories of the minorities, to the silence of the masses. The other is the one that coincides with the idea of education of the Brazilian pedagogue Paulo Freire, History as a liberating tool. Knowledge gives power and freedom, what has history done with it during this time and what will we do to reverse the situation?
Tiempo histórico en educación secundaria: Un análisis de las nociones conceptuales y metodológicas de docentes de la Regional San José Norte, durante 2021 y 2022
Authors: Naranjo Segura Juan Carlos , Carrión Jiménez Verónica , Céspedes Cedeño Alejandra , Ureña Bonilla Steven
Published: June 2023

This article points out the results of an investigation in which the conceptual and methodological notions about historical time were described and analyzed by the Social Studies teachers of the San José Norte Regional Office, and their relationship with the development of skills in the students, during 2021 and 2022, through a mixed methodology. A questionnaire was applied to 58 teachers where the conceptual domain of twenty-one concepts linked to historical time was identified. In order to investigate the methodological notions, a qualitative questionnaire was applied to twelve teachers and three semi-structured interviews, information that was compared with the observations of their lessons. The main results of the research were: 89.2% of the teachers participating in the research demonstrated an intermediate command of the concepts linked to historical time. On the other hand, a contrast was found between the discourse of the teachers, where they showed a mastery of methodological notions, with the lessons. In the latter, less clarity and a deficient knowledge of the methodology were observed, predominantly a didactics from a content transmission perspective and oriented to a great extent to memorization and repetition. The main conclusion was that the conceptual and methodological mastery levels presented by teachers are not enough to determine if it is possible to achieve the development of skills linked to historical time in the group of students.
Los mitos medievales en la obra de John Mandeville
Authors: Villalba Ruiz de Toledo F. J. , Novoa Portela F.
Published: June 2023

La lectura de uno de los Libros de Viajes más difundidos durante la Baja Edad Media, puede ayudarnos a comprender algunos aspectos de la compleja mentalidad del hombre medieval del Occidente latino. En efecto, el Libro de las Maravillas del Mundo de John Mandeville, escrito hacia mediados del siglo XIV, nos pone sobre la pista de innumerables tradiciones, mitos y creencias que, avaladas por los principios impuestos por la Iglesia católica de aquel entonces, sirven para construir imágenes precisas del lejano e insondable espacio de Oriente. La obra de Mandeville, como otros muchos Libros de Viaje del período bajomedieval, se convertirá en un magnífico cauce para presentar al público occidental aquello que no tiene ocasión de contemplar por sí mismo.Palabras clave: Viajeros, Edad Media, John de Mandeville, Mitología medieval. Abstract:The reading of one of the most disseminated Travel Books during the Low Middle Ages, can help us to understand some aspects of the complex mentality of the medieval man in the Latin West. Indeed, the book ‘The Travels of Sir John Mandeville’, written towards the middle of 14th century, puts us on the track of innumerable traditions, myths and beliefs that, guaranteed by the principles imposed by the Catholic Church at that time, serve to construct precise images of the distant and unfathomable space of East. The work of Mandeville, as many other Travel Books of the Middle Ages, becomes a magnificent channel to display to the public in the West what they have not had the occasion to contemplate by themselves.Keywords: Travelers, Middle Ages, John Mandeville, medieval mythology.
Image catographique de l'Asie centrale de Fra Mauro: synthese au carrefour des connaissances diverses
Authors: Gorshenina S.
Published: June 2023

La difícil colocación de la imagen del Asia central en la cartografía de los siglos XIV y XV, en la transición a la época moderna, se desarrolla en un marco de confrontaciones constantes entre los informes de losgeógrafos grecorromanos y medievales, los autores musulmanes, las novedades traídas del Oriente por losprimeros viajeros y el retorno progresivo de Ptolomeo. Adelantándose a la «geografía de las dudas», elveneciano Fra Mauro absorbe la nueva nomenclatura traída por los viajeros y llega a concebir entre 1448 y1459 una visión coherente del mundo que constituye en cierta manera un paralelo de la guía paramercaderes propuesta por Pegolotti en 1340. Construida sobre razonamientos críticos de sus fuentes y sobretodas las últimas informaciones a su disposición (especialmente las de Ruy González de Clavijo), su mapapone mal ciertas nociones de la cartografía medieval como el país de Gog y Magog, el reino de lasAmazonas, el Cáucaso-Hindu-Kush de Alejandro Magno y las Puertas de Hierro (Puertas Caspianas /Puertas Caucásicas).Palabras clave: Cartografía del Asia central, Fra Mauro, primeros viajeros europeos por Asia, Marco Polo, Clavijo, Alejandro Magno, Puertas de Hierro, Derbent, Gog y Magog, Amazonas, representaciones. RésuméLa difficile mise en place de l’image de l’Asie centrale dans la cartographie des XIVe-XVe siècles, à la transition vers l’époque moderne, se déroule dans le cadre de confrontations constantes entre les renseignements des géographes gréco-romains et médiévaux, les auteurs musulmans, les nouvelles apportées de l’Orient par les premiers voyageurs et le retour progressif de Ptolémée. En dépassant le cadre de la «géographie des doutes», le Vénitien Fra Mauro absorbe la nouvelle nomenclature venue des voyageurs et parvient à concevoir en 1448-1459 une vision cohérente du monde, qui constitue en quelque sorte un parallèle au guide pour marchands proposé par Pegolotti en 1340. Construite sur des raisonnements critiques de ses sources et sur les toutes dernières informations à sa disposition (notamment celles de Ruy González de Clavijo), sa carte met à mal certaines des notions de la cartographie médiévale comme le pays de Gog et Magog, le royaume des Amazones, le Caucase-Hindou-Kouch d’Alexandre le Grand, les Portes de Fer (Portes Caspiennes / Portes Caucasiennes).Mots-clefs: Cartographie de l’Asie centrale, Fra Mauro, premiers voyageurs européens en Asie, Marco Polo, Clavijo, Alexandre le Grand, Portes de Fer, Derbent, Gog et Magog, Amazones, représentations.
Alí El Abbassí. Fondos inéditos en la biblioteca central del CSIC
Authors: Escribano Martín F.
Published: June 2023

Alí Bey, el personaje ficticio, Domingo Badía, el real, siguen siendo igual de atractivos y a la vez desconocidos que a principios del siglo XIX. Todavía no están claros los motivos de la misión, ni muchas facetas de la vida de un personaje que sigue presentando lagunas en su conocimiento. La Biblioteca Centraldel CSIC posee un fondo importante de documentos originales escritos por nuestro protagonista, y en esta comunicación pretendemos darla a conocer, para el general conocimiento, y con la esperanza de que se abran nuevas vías que permitan ampliar lo que sabemos sobre la persona y la obra de Domingo Badía.Palabras clave: Orientalismo, Domingo Badía, Alí Bey. Abstract:Alí Bey and Domingo Badía, the fictitious and real personage, are still today as attractive and unknown personage as in the nineteenth century. We do not know the mission’s motives, and a lot of things about his life. The Central CSIC Library has important original documents, and here we would like to make them known, hoping to open new lines of research.Keywords: Orientalism, Domingo Badia, Ali Bey.
Classification of alfalfa hay based on infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Wu Xiaoqing , Wu Guifang , Wang Bo , Li Jie
Published: June 2023

Alfalfa hay plays a decisive role in the quality and safety of livestock products. Chemical analytical methods for alfalfa hays are laborious, time-consuming, and costly. Therefore, suitable methods are required for rapid and accurate detection of alfalfa hay. This study evaluated the feasibility of infrared spectroscopy (IR) in identifying different alfalfa hays. 105 alfalfa hay samples under three different drying methods were analysed. Results indicated that the full spectra model constructed through standard normal variable transformation (SNV), first-derivative (FD), and second-derivative (SD) preprocessing by BP and SVM had the best performance. The accuracies were all up to 100%. Under the same preprocessing method, the accuracy of BP neural networks was better than that of support vector machine models in most cases. The characteristic wavelength-based SNV-SD-SPA by BP exhibited better performance than the other pretreatment methods, such as: SNV-SPA, SNV-FD-SPA, and SNV-GA, etc. The classification accuracy of moldy-dried alfalfa, sun-dried alfalfa, and shade-dried alfalfa in the training set were 100%, 100%, and 99.5%, respectively, and the accuracy of the prediction set reached 100%, 97.6%, and 97.4%, respectively. Thus, a better theoretical basis was obtained for the grading and online monitoring of alfalfa hay.
Application of polyoxometalate in hydrogen peroxide bleaching under acidic conditions
Authors: Guo Sheng , Liu Zhong , Hui Lan-Feng , Si Chuan-Ling , Pang Jin-Jiang
Published: June 2023

The modified bleaching sequence OPAPPO from short-sequence bleaching OAP and OQP was studied in an effort to achieve higher quality straw pulp (with brightness 84.5% and acceptable viscosity 669 mL/g), which will be appropriate for more situations than straw pulp as presently produced. Though the OP and PO stages are recognized as the key processes used to increase the pulp’s brightness, addition of hydrogen peroxide in acid pretreatment with polyoxometalate (POM) as catalyst (AP stage) was mainly considered in this work. Phosphomolybdic acid was applied to improve straw pulp’s brightness, which was 4.8% ISO higher than the pulp treated without POM. The optimum conditions of the AP stage were: initial pH value 3, temperature 90 °C, H2O2 1.5%, and phosphomolybdic acid 1.0%. Comparison of the sequences OPQPO, OPAPO, and OPAPPO showed that the brightness of pulp bleached by OPAPPO was 2% and 4.7% higher than the same pulp subjected to OPAPO and OPQPO sequences, respectively. Four lignin samples (LOP, LOPA, LOPAP, LOPAPPO) were characterized by 31P NMR spectroscopy. The spectroscopic investigation showed that in LOPA and LOPAP, aliphatic hydroxyls, p-coumaryl units, and guaiacyl phenol moieties were degraded when compared with that in LOP. In LOPAPPO, all these aliphatic hydroxyls and guaiacyl phenols had been destroyed and carboxylic acid functionalities increased.
Adsorption of dietary oils onto lignin for promising pharameutical and nutritional applications
Authors: Tolba Rasha , Wu Guosheng , Chen Aicheng
Published: June 2023

Kraft lignin, a by-product of the pulp and paper industry, was explored as an adsorbent for six dietary oils and was compared to chitosan, which is widely used in the pharmaceutical market. The dissolution and adsorption efficiency of kraft lignin were tested at an acidic pH corresponding to the stomach, as well as at a basic pH corresponding to the intestine. Results showed that kraft lignin is a powerful adsorbent that can take up dietary oils at up to about 6 times its own weight. Kraft lignin exhibits higher stability and insolubility at the pH of the stomach in comparison to chitosan. The adsorption isotherm of dietary oils fits well with the Freundlich model, and the adsorption kinetics follows a pseudo-second order relationship.
Changes in physical activity indicators of Ukrainian students in the conditions of distance education
Authors: Andrieieva Olena , Byshevets Nataliia , Hakman Anna , Grygus Igor
Published: June 2023

Purpose: purpose of the work is to determine the changes in physical activity indicators of Ukrainian students in the conditions of distance education caused by the quarantine restrictions and the conditions of the legal regime of martial law.

Material & Methods: the study, which lasted from 2020 to 2023, involved 1528 higher education students from different regions of Ukraine. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess physical activity. The results were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results: the results of the study of PA indicators in students showed that on average they had a normal PA score, which was 26.0 (22.0; 32.0) points for males, and 24.0 (19.0; 30.0) points for females. It was proved that, compared to female students, the PA score of male students was statistically significantly higher (U=226269.5; Z=7.329; p<0.05). The study of the dynamics of PA indicators demonstrated that while the PA score of higher education students, regardless of gender status, decreased from the beginning of quarantine restrictions (p<0.05), it did not differ statistically from the pre-quarantine level (p>0.05) in 2021. Nevertheless, with the outbreak of hostilities in the Ukraine, the PA score has decreased and continues to decline. There was an unprecedented increase in the percentage of students with low PA, which reached 43.1% and 60.1% among male and female students, respectively, in 2023.

Conclusions: the analysis of the dynamics of PA in higher education students for the period from 2019 to 2023 revealed a decrease in the PA score during the distance learning period, regardless of gender status. The only exception was 2021, which can be explained by the adaptation of students to distance learning. Instead, the armed conflict in the country led to a sharp decline in the PA score and a statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in the proportion of students with low physical activity. Moreover, this trend continued in 2023. The findings of the study made possible to assess the extent of the negative impact of distance learning under quarantine restrictions and the legal regime of martial law on the PA in higher education students.
Synthesis of Green Diesel from Palm Oil Using Nickel-based Catalyst: A Review
Authors: Aziz Isalmi , Sugita Purwantiningsih , Darmawan Noviyan , Dwiatmoko Adid Adep
Published: June 2023

Petroleum is the primary energy that is generally used throughout the world. Its non-renewable nature and exhaust gas emissions that can damage the environment are a concern for developing environmentally friendly renewable energy. Green diesel is an alternative energy to replace diesel fuel (diesel) from petroleum which has the potential to be developed. The raw material in palm oil has great potential for development due to its relatively high production. Green diesel synthesis can be carried out using the catalytic deoxygenation method. The type of raw material, catalyst, and process conditions influences this method. The catalyst is the most influential factor in catalytic deoxygenation. Transition metal catalysts like nickel are inexpensive and have good catalytic activity like precious metals. Catalytic activity can be increased by modifying the catalyst components and optimizing the process. Modification of the catalyst can increase the surface area, Lewis and Bronsted sites, and crystal size so that the resulting green diesel can be maximized, such as Ni-Co, Ni-Zn, and Ni-Mo bimetallic catalysts.
Flavonoid Concentration and Tyrosinase Inhibition Activity of Ethanol Extract of Piper crocatum (Piper crocatum var. Ruiz & Pav) from Various Regions in Indonesia and Their Correlations
Authors: Irsal Riyan Alifbi Putera , Safithri Mega , Andrianto Dimas , Mardliyati Etik
Published: June 2023

Hyperpigmentation is a condition of darkening of the skin which is generally caused by an increase in melanin production. Melanin is produced in melanocytes by the enzyme tyrosinase. Piper crocatum contains flavonoid compounds that are known from previous research to inhibit tyrosinase. The goals of this study were to determine the tyrosinase inhibitory activity and total flavonoid content of seven accessions, as well as look at the Pearson’s correlation and clustering PCA (principal component analysis). The method used was water content analysis, extraction yield measurement, total flavonoids analysis, and in vitro tyrosinase inhibition. Based on the results, P. crocatum from Kendari had the best yield and total flavonoid content of 24.07% and 5.10 mg QE g-1, while P. crocatum from Bogor had the lowest water content with a value of 6.21% and the best in tyrosinase inhibition of 13.77. The correlation between total flavonoid content and percent inhibition showed a very weak correlation. The results of clustering formed four clusters of seven accessions based on total flavonoids and percent inhibition. The cluster was divided into Malang (506mDPL) and Jayapura (287mDPL), Banda Aceh (0.80mDPL) and Bandung (670mDPL), Samarinda (8mDPL) and Bogor (190-350m DPL), and Kendari (14mDPL). In conclusion, the correlation between total flavonoid levels and percent inhibition is very weak and regional diversity had a significant effect on total flavonoids and total inhibition.
Exploring The Potential of Mango Seed as A Bioadsorbent for Pb(II) Removal in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Zakaria Ahmad , Aynuddin Aynuddin , Djasmasari Wittri
Published: June 2023

Various industrial activities produce heavy metals as by-products or wastes. Lead is a metal trace element from sewage disposal, vehicle fumes, and atmospheric emissions from industrial activities. Mango seeds are composed of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose, which have many potential binding groups. Mango seeds, which are often considered waste, can be utilized as a low-cost biosorbent due to their various functional groups, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, alcohol, amide, and aromatic groups. Mango seed are organic waste with potential as low-cost biosorbent for heavy metals removal. The purposes of the study are: (1) to explore the optimum condition of biosorbent in absorbing heavy metal species (Pb (II)), and (2) to analyze the adsorption model of synthetic waste containing Pb(II). Mango seeds have a considerable potential to be used as a biosorbent to absorb heavy metal ions. The optimum conditions for Pb2+ ion adsorption is at pH 6 with contact time 70 minutes, and concentration of biosorbent 2.0 g/L. Adsorbate adsorption follows the Freundlich model, and adsorption occurs only in a few surface layers. The kinetic parameters of adsorbent satisfied pseudo-second-order reaction. The optimum adsorption capacity (qm) of mango seed biosorbent in absorbing Pb ions is 43.86 mg/g.
Heart Failure and Cardiac Device Therapy: A Review of Current National Institute of Health and Care Excellence and European Society of Cardiology Guidelines
Authors: Naraen Akriti , Duvva Dileep , Rao Archana
Published: June 2023

Guidelines help clinicians to deliver high-quality care with therapies based on up-to-date evidence. There has been significant progress in the management of heart failure with regards to both medication and cardiac device therapy. These advances have been incorporated into national and international guidelines with varying degrees of success. This article reviews current guidance from the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence in the UK and compares this with European Society of Cardiology guidelines, and evaluates how differences between them may impact on clinical practice.