bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alfalfa Water Use and Yield under Different Sprinkler Irrigation Regimes in North Arid Regions of China
Authors: Li Yan , Su Derong
Published: August 2017

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is one of the major crops grown in Northern China in recent years, however, the current serious water shortage conditions present a challenge to the growth of this crop, especially if efficient use of water is considered in forage production for sustainability. This study aimed to evaluate alfalfa productivity and water use efficiency (WUE) under different sprinkler irrigation levels. This experiment was conducted at Shiyanghe Experimental Station for Water-Saving in Agriculture and Ecology of China Agricultural University in Wuwei, Gansu, China, over a period of two years. There were three irrigation treatments: A1: 100% measured evapotranspiration (ETc) of alfalfa; A2: irrigation amount was 66% of A1; A3: irrigation amount was 33% of A1; and a control of A4: no irrigation during the growing season. A randomized block design with three replications were applied. The results showed that the ETc and forage yield of alfalfa decreased, while WUE and crude protein (CP) increased with the decreasing irrigation amounts. The seasonal average ETc and yield ranged from 412 mm to 809 mm and from 11,577 to 18,636 kg/ha, respectively, under different irrigation levels. The highest yields were obtained from the first growth period in all treatments in both years, due to the winter irrigation and the longest growth period. Alfalfa grown under lesser irrigation treatment conditions had higher variability in ETc and yield, mainly due to the variability in the amount of rainfall during the growth period. The seasonal average WUE of treatments ranged from 22.78 to 26.84 kg/(mm·ha), and the highest WUE was obtained at the first growth period, regardless of treatments. Seasonal average CP content ranged from 18.99% to 22.99%. A significant linear relationship was found between yield and ETc or irrigation amount, and the fitting results varied between growth periods and years. The present results also implied that winter irrigation provided the space for saving water and should be applied at the end of each growing season to fill the soil profile, and to maintain a greater yield in the next growing season. During the growing season, more irrigation should be concentrated in the early growth period, especially in the second growth period.
Charge transfer from and to manganese phthalocyanine: bulk materials and interfaces
Authors: Rückerl Florian , Waas Daniel , Büchner Bernd , Knupfer Martin , Zahn Dietrich R T , Haidu Francisc , Hahn Torsten , Kortus Jens
Published: August 2017

Manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc) is a member of the family of transition-metal phthalocyanines, which combines interesting electronic behavior in the fields of organic and molecular electronics with local magnetic moments. MnPc is characterized by hybrid states between the Mn 3d orbitals and the π orbitals of the ligand very close to the Fermi level. This causes particular physical properties, different from those of the other phthalocyanines, such as a rather small ionization potential, a small band gap and a large electron affinity. These can be exploited to prepare particular compounds and interfaces with appropriate partners, which are characterized by a charge transfer from or to MnPc. We summarize recent spectroscopic and theoretical results that have been achieved in this regard.
Le « décollage » de Schneider (1837-1875). Stratégie industrielle et politique financière
Authors: Batsch Laurent
Published: August 2017

Schneider a été le fleuron de l’industrie française au XIX e siècle, essaimant à partir du bassin du Creusot. L’étude des rapports de gestion et des archives comptables de l’entreprise éclaire ta stratégie industrielle et financière impulsée par les frères Schneider. Les bénéfices d’une branche financent la croissance de l’autre. Et le financement du cycle d’exploitation (stocks, crédits aux clients, etc.) ressort comme une contrainte majeure. A l’égard de ses actionnaires, l’entreprise Schneider a assuré une rentabilité régulière et remarquable.
Aux origines du « taylorisme » à la française : Gustave Ply
Authors: Barnier Frédérique
Published: August 2017

En 1888, le capitaine d’artillerie Gustave Ply publie son « étude sur l’organisation des services techniques dans les manufactures d’armes ». Au-delà du modèle technique proposé, cette étude souligne le rôle joué dans la rationalisation de l’organisation industrielle par l’industrie militaire d’Etat. Elle dévoile également les racines historiques d’un « taylorisme » à la française qui. au moment où il voit le jour, ignore encore ce nom et dont l’impact sur le développement de l’industrie française peut être discuté.
Metal Allergy as a Cause of Implant Failure in Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Ko Jia-Wei Kevin , Nicholson Thema A. , Hoffler C. Edward , Williams Gerald , Getz Charles
Published: August 2017

Metal allergy is an uncommon and poorly understood cause of failure of orthopedic implants. To the authors' knowledge, there have been no reports of the management of shoulder arthroplasty patients with metal allergy. The authors present their experience with the diagnosis and management of patients with metal allergy. Patients with metal allergy undergoing shoulder arthroplasty were identified through retrospective chart review from January 1, 2012, to January 31, 2015. Case characteristics collected included patient risk factors (age, sex, prior cutaneous reactions to metal), metal allergy factors (type of metal allergy, method of diagnosis), and surgery factors (implant type, primary/revision, type of shoulder arthroplasty). Outcomes measured included American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Penn Shoulder Score, and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score. Eleven patients were identified with metal allergy. Five were diagnosed prior to the index arthroplasty, and 6 were diagnosed after shoulder replacement. The diagnosis was made through skin patch testing, memory lymphocyte immunostimulation assay, or clinical history. Patients identified after implantation presented with progressive pain and stiffness, but none had cutaneous manifestations. Patients with metal allergy had better results undergoing primary shoulder arthroplasty than undergoing revision. Metal allergy is rare but may be a clinically significant cause of unsatisfactory shoulder arthroplasty. Given the superior results of primary shoulder arthroplasty compared with revision, screening for metal allergy by clinical history is recommended. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(5):e844–e848.]
Performance and Return to Sport After Nonoperative Treatment of Clavicle Fractures in National Football League Players
Authors: Jack Robert A. , Sochacki Kyle R. , Navarro Sergio M. , McCulloch Patrick C. , Lintner David M. , Harris Joshua D.
Published: August 2017

Clavicle fractures are often seen in contact sports. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) return-to-sport (RTS) rate of National Football League (NFL) players following nonoperative treatment of clavicle fractures, (2) posttreatment career length and games per season, (3) pre- and posttreatment performance, and (4) posttreatment performance compared with control players matched by position, age, years of experience, and performance. Public records were used to identify NFL players who underwent nonoperative treatment of clavicle fractures. Demographic and performance data were collected for each player. Matched controls (position, age, experience, and performance) were identified. Control and case performance scores were calculated using a standardized scoring system. Return to sport was defined as playing a minimum of 1 game after treatment. Comparisons between the 2 groups and pre- and posttreatment time points were made using paired-samples Student's
t
tests. Thirty players (32 fractures) were analyzed. Two players fractured their contralateral clavicle. Of the players analyzed, 96.9% were able to RTS at a mean of 244.6±119.6 days. Eight players (27.6%) returned within the same season as their injury. Overall 1-year survival rate posttreatment was 93.5%. Players with nonoperative treatment had career lengths similar to those of controls (
P
>.05). No significant (
P
>.05) differences existed in demographic, performance, or games per season data between position groups for cases and matched controls pretreatment and preindex and in posttreatment compared with pretreatment performance scores. Wide receivers played fewer games per season (
P
=.043) following treatment. No position group had significantly worse posttreatment performance scores when compared with postindex matched controls. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(5):e836–e843.]
Bilateral, Atraumatic Proximal Tibiofibular Joint Instability Treated With Suspensory Button Fixation
Authors: O'Reilly Olivia C. , Carruthers Katherine H. , Siparsky Patrick N.
Published: August 2017

Proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ) instability is a rare cause of lateral-sided knee pain. The authors present a case of bilateral, symptomatic PTFJ instability with peroneal nerve dysfunction in an active 16-year-old female athlete. This was addressed with peroneal nerve decompression and PTFJ stabilization using a suspensory button fixation system. This provides an alternative treatment from historical methods such as PTFJ fusion or re-approximation of the joint with tendon through bone tunnels. The surgical technique, as well as potential treatment challenges, is described in detail. The purpose of this report is to highlight PTFJ instability as a cause of lateral-sided knee pain to avoid misdiagnosis and delay in appropriate treatment. This patient had significant improvement in pain and decreased neurologic symptoms after the stabilization and nerve decompression. She was able to return to high-level activity. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(6):e1107–e1111.]
A Robust Power Allocation Scheme in Ad-Hoc Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Wang Hongzhi , Zhu Meng , Zhou Mingyue
Published: August 2017

We investigate the secondary users (SUs) power allocation in ad-hoc cognitive radio networks, considering an underlay paradigm where SUs can access the licensed spectrum owned by the primary users (PUs), if the total power to SUs and the interference power threshold from PUs and the signal-to-interference-noise-ratio (SINR) requirements of SUs are guaranteed. While prevalent works about distributed resources allocation algorithms are mainly focused on power allocation under the consideration of many practical limitations, which may not be the case in practice. We assume that SUs also are needed to satisfy heterogenous constraints with different positions by taking the fairness of SUs into account. Moreover, we develop a weighted robust distributed power allocation scheme to guarantees the fairness of SUs. Techniques from robust optimization theory are used to study an objective formulation with infinite numbers of constraints. The optimal solution is obtained by using Lagrange dual method, and the Lagrange multiplier is solved by the sub-gradient update algorithm. The feasibility and availability of our proposed power allocation scheme is confirmed by numerical results.
Cruise Control of Phase Irrigation Motor Using SparkFun Sensor
Authors: Telagam Nagarjuna , Nanjundan Menakadevi , Kandasamy Nehru , Naidu Soma
Published: August 2017

Water Conservation and labor-saving is the key issue of irrigation in India. This Shot paper proposes an automatic irrigation control based on microcontroller and GSM technology. This wireless design provides high reliability. We have used SparkFunsoil moisture sensor SEN 13322 which is interfaced with RobokartAruduino Mega 2560 microcontroller. The soil information such as dry and wetness of the irrigation field is given to Elementz SIM 800 GSM module to an authorized wireless telephone from the remote area to the monitoring system based on smart sensor network. With the help of soil wet and dry information we are controlling the invento DC motor automatically with the help of sending message in smart phone.
Sentiment Analysis of Tweets for Estimating Criticality and Security of Events
Authors: Subramaniyaswamy V. , Logesh R. , Abejith M. , Umasankar Sunil , Umamakeswari A.
Published: August 2017

Social Media has become one of the major industries in the world. It has been noted that almost three fourth of the world's population use social media. This has instigated many researches towards social media. One such useful application is the sentimental analysis of real time social media data for security purposes. The insights that are generated can be used by law enforcement agencies and for intelligence purposes. There are many types of analyses that have been done for security purposes. Here, the authors propose a comprehensive software application which will meticulously scrape data from Twitter and analyse them using the lexicon based analysis to look for possible threats. They propose a methodology to obtain a quantitative result called criticality to assess the level of threat for a public event. The results can be used to understand people's opinions and comments with regard to specific events. The proposed system combines this lexicon based sentimental analysis along with deep data collection and segregates the emotions into different levels to analyse the threat for an event.
Internet of Things (IOT) Solution for Increasing the Quality of Life of Physically Challenged People
Authors: Siddesh G. M. , Srinivasa K. G. , Kaushik Siddharth , Varun S. V. , Subramanyam Vidhatri , Patil Vinay M.
Published: August 2017

Visually Impaired (VI) people generally face difficulties during their pedestrian commute, when forced on to side-walks cluttered with vendors, animals and other obstacles. No single system can comprehensively cover all of their mobility needs. The proposed system intends to provide smart electronic aid for the VI which is appropriate to complement their white cane using the principles of the IoT. It detects any low-lying obstacles on its course and alerts the user to them and also uses Global Positioning System (GPS) technology which is a component of any smart phone, to pinpoint the VI's location when necessary. A feedback system, which is essentially a simple auditory circuit, which alarms the user of any obstacle, and informs priory designated guardians about the VI's current whereabouts, done by transmitting the coordinates of VI to a registered mobile number fed into an Android Application.
A Case of Shunting Postoperative Patent Foramen Ovale under Mechanical Ventilation Controlled by Different Ventilator Settings
Authors: Pragliola Claudio , Di Michele Sara , Galzerano Domenico
Published: August 2017

A 56-year old male with ischemic heart disease and an unremarkable preoperative echocardiogram underwent surgical coronary revascularization. An intraoperative post pump trans-esophageal echocardiogram (TOE) performed while the patient was being ventilated at a positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 8 cm H2O demonstrated a right to left interatrial shunt across a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Whereas oxygen saturation was normal, a reduction of the PEEP to 3 cm H2O led to the complete resolution of the shunt with no change in arterial blood gases. Attempts to increase the PEEP level above 3 mmHg resulted in recurrence of the interatrial shunt. The remaining of the TEE was unremarkable. Mechanical ventilation, particularly with PEEP, causes an increase in intrathoracic pressure. The resulting rise in right atrial pressure, mostly during inspiration, may unveil and pop open an unrecognized PFO, thus provoking a right to left shunt across a seemingly intact interatrial septum. This phenomenon increases the risk of paradoxical embolism and can lead to hypoxemia. The immediate management would be to adjust the ventilatory settings to a lower PEEP level. A routine search for a PFO should be performed in ventilated patients who undergo a TEE.
Development of Hodgkin lymphoma in a patient with sarcoidosis
Authors: Gediz F. , Yilmaz A.F. , Payzin B. , Yuksel T. , Calli A.O. , Kobak S.
Published: August 2017

Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology characterized by non-caseified granulomas in many different organs and systems. The disease most frequently manifests with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and infiltrations in the lungs and skin, as well as with eye lesions. It may mimic a number of systemic diseases and/or accompany them. The development of lymphoma in patients with sarcoidosis or the co-occurrence of both diseases is rarely reported in the literature. In this paper we report a female patient followed up with sarcoidosis for three years who developed Hodgkin lymphoma, according to the results of the investigations and biopsy results.
First report of anti-TIF1γ dermatomyositis in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Palterer B. , Vitiello G. , Cammelli D.
Published: August 2017

Inflammatory myopathies as para-neoplastic phenomena were first described by Sterz in 1916. Recently, myositis specific autoantibodies were described in cancer-associated myositis. Anti-transcription intermediary factor 1 gamma (anti-TIF1γ) antibodies have been found in both young adults affected by juvenile dermatomyositis and in elderly patients with cancer-associated myositis. In this regard, we report herein the first case of anti-TIF1γ dermatomyositis secondary to a myelodysplastic syndrome.
Acute heart failure and rhabdomyolysis: a clue for the diagnosis of polymyositis with cardiac involvement
Authors: Pinto-Lopes P. , Carneiro-Leão L. , Morais R. , Pinheiro J. , Vieira Lopes A. , Bettencourt P.
Published: August 2017

Polymyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, characterized by proximal muscle weakness and sometimes extramuscular manifestations. We report the case of a 51-year-old male, with history of complete heart block, which required pacemaker implantation, and subsequently heart failure, presenting to the emergency department with worsening of dyspnea and peripheral edema. He was admitted to the Internal Medicine ward with acute heart failure and started on diuretic therapy. During hospitalization, he was discovered to have marked rhabdomyolysis. Examination revealed proximal symmetrical muscle weakness and arthralgia. The immunological study, electromyography and muscle biopsy confirmed polymyositis. The patient was started on prednisolone with clinical improvement and resolution of rhabdomyolysis. The presence of conduction defect, ventricular dysfunction, mitral valve regurgitation, segmental hypokinesia (myocardial scintigraphy without perfusion defects) and pulmonary hypertension, as well as elevated troponin with improvement after specific therapy, points to cardiac involvement. Polymyositis is a rare entity, with an insidious evolution and a myriad of extramuscular features that can mimic other conditions. In particular, cardiac involvement may be the first and only recognized manifestation. The key point for the diagnosis is to contemplate the possibility of polymyositis.
Work-related carpal tunnel syndrome treatment: a cross-sectional study among 106 patients
Authors: Aouatef M. , Asma B. , Hajer H. , Charfeddine A. , Lamia B. , Taoufik K.
Published: August 2017

The objective is to assess the influence of sociodemographic, professional and clinical variables on the choice of treatment of work-related carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). An exhaustive and trans-sectional study was conducted over a period of eight years, from 1st January 2006 to 31 December 2013 in the Department of Occupational Medicine at University Hospital of Mahdia, Tunisia. The study population was represented by patients with work-related carpal tunnel syndrome. Data collection was based on a questionnaire sheet, describing social, occupational and medical characteristics of patients. The study population was characterized by a large female dominance, representing 95.3% with an average age of 42±7.8 years. Patients medically treated represented 38.7% and 61.3% had had surgical treatment. After binary logistic regression, surgical indication of CTS was significantly correlated to diabetes (p=0.017), other musculoskeletal disorders (p=0.02), functional signs of CTS (acrocyanosis p=0.05; muscle weakness p=0.015; radiating pain p=0.01; painful discomfort of the hand, the forearm or arm p=0.027) and to the atrophy of thenar muscles (p=0.018). According to this study, the choice of therapy for occupational CTS depends only on clinical data. More detailed studies will be needed to refine these results.
Acoustic reflex measurements and the loudness function in sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Uliel Sheila
Published: August 2017

The suprathreshold acoustic reflex responses of forty two ears affected by sensorineural hearing loss of cochlear origin and fifty-eight ears demonstrating normal hearing, were recorded by means of an electro-acoustic impedance meter and attached X-Y recorder. The recordings were done in ascending and descending fashion,  at successively increasing and decreasing 5dB intensity levels from 90-120-90 dB HL respectively, for the individual pure-tone frequencies of 500, 1 000, 2 000 and 4 000 Hz. The contralateral mode of measurement was employed. Analysis of  these recordings indicated that the acoustic reflex  responses could be differentiated into five  characteristic patterns of  growth, which could be depicted upon a continuum of peaked, peaked-rounded, rounded, rounded-flat,  and flat  shapes. The peaked and peaked-rounded patterns were found  to predominate at all four pure-tone frequencies  in the normal ears, while the rounded-fiat  and flat  patterns were found  to predominate only at the higher pure-tone frequencies of 2 000 and 4 000 Hz in the ears affected  by sensorineural hearing loss. This latter relationship was also able to be applied to two disorders of  the loudness functio— loudness recruitment and hyperacusis. It was concluded that the flattened  acoustic reflex  patterns at the higher pure-tone frequencies  constituted a potential diagnostic cue related to the differential  diagnosis of sensorineural hearing loss, and to disorders of  the loudness function.
Post-laryngectomy therapy: A communication approach
Authors: Alant Erna
Published: August 2017

This article deals with the interpretation of post-laryngectomy therapy within the framework of communication. The communication approach towards rehabilitation emphasizes the necessity of incorporating verbal communication and non-verbal communication into the diagnostic and therapy procedures because of the close link between the two modes of communication. Diagnosis and therapy are discussed in terms of  communication skills, social and personal sensitivity and tension. Throughout the article, the stress is on the therapist's creative role in the laryngectomy patient's construction of reality.
A filosofia da linguagem e suas implicações na prática docente: perspectivas wittgensteinianas para o ensino da matemática
Authors: Silveira Marisa Rosâni Abreu da , Silva Paulo Vilhena da , Teixeira Júnior Valdomiro Pinheiro
Published: August 2017

Neste trabalho apontamos duas questões para discussão que, a nosso ver, se configuram como desafios da formação docente em matemática: o primeiro diz respeito às implicações dos estudos de filosofia da linguagem para o ensino da matemática. Este campo da filosofia, ao negar que os significados residem na mente, coloca a linguagem como personagem principal da aquisição dos conceitos, estes são criações humanas e a realidade é linguisticamente construída, o que coloca em questão teorias cognitivistas, como o construtivismo. O segundo desafio concerne ao ensino da matemática como instituição humana, isto é, como patrimônio que deve ser socializado a todos independentemente de suas diferenças de nível socioeconômico ou cultural.
A constituição do sujeito contemporâneo do consumo: um desafio para a educação ambiental
Authors: Mutz Andresa Silva da Costa , Henning Paula Corrêa , Garré Bárbara Hees
Published: August 2017

O artigo identifica a constituição dos sujeitos contemporâneos do consumo como um importante desafio para a Educação Ambiental. Aponta para a emergência de uma expertise do consumo que se vale com muita eficiência das verdades estatísticas para ensinar que determinados comportamentos de consumo são aceitáveis; e outros, não. Fragmentos do documento intitulado Agenda 21, elaborado durante importante evento realizado nos anos de 1990 no Brasil, em que diversos líderes e instituições mundiais discutiram o destino do Planeta Terra, foram selecionados como material empírico da investigação. Procedeu-se a uma análise enunciativa inspirada no trabalho de Michel Foucault e seus leitores mais contemporâneos, como Rosa Fischer, Fabiana Amorim e Marisa Costa. Os resultados obtidos apontaram para o agenciamento dos sujeitos por meio do discurso do consumo consciente e consequente responsabilização dos consumidores pelo enunciado do risco ambiental, financeiro e social. O que faz dele muito mais um recurso de controle das condutas dos sujeitos, de modo a manter em funcionamento o sistema econômico em vigor, do que uma tomada de posição crítica ao modelo de consumo que tem causado prejuízos ao meio ambiente e à sociedade em geral.
Horizontal and vertical structure of reactive bromine events probed by bromine monoxide MAX-DOAS
Authors: Simpson William R. , Peterson Peter K. , Frieß Udo , Sihler Holger , Lampel Johannes , Platt Ulrich , Moore Chris , Pratt Kerri , Shepson Paul , Halfacre John , Nghiem Son V.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Heterogeneous photochemistry converts bromide (Br−) to reactive bromine species (Br atoms and bromine monoxide, BrO) that dominate Arctic springtime chemistry. This phenomenon has many impacts such as boundary-layer ozone depletion, mercury oxidation and deposition, and modification of the fate of hydrocarbon species. To study environmental controls on reactive bromine events, the BRomine, Ozone, and Mercury EXperiment (BROMEX) was carried out from early March to mid-April 2012 near Barrow (Utqiaġvik), Alaska. We measured horizontal and vertical gradients in BrO with multiple-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instrumentation at three sites, two mobile and one fixed. During the campaign, a large crack in the sea ice (an open lead) formed pushing one instrument package ∼ 250 km downwind from Barrow (Utqiaġvik). Convection associated with the open lead converted the BrO vertical structure from a surface-based event to a lofted event downwind of the lead influence. The column abundance of BrO downwind of the re-freezing lead was comparable to upwind amounts, indicating direct reactions on frost flowers or open seawater was not a major reactive bromine source. When these three sites were separated by ∼ 30 km length scales of unbroken sea ice, the BrO amount and vertical distributions were highly correlated for most of the time, indicating the horizontal length scales of BrO events were typically larger than ∼ 30 km in the absence of sea ice features. Although BrO amount and vertical distribution were similar between sites most of the time, rapid changes in BrO with edges significantly smaller than this ∼ 30 km length scale episodically transported between the sites, indicating BrO events were large but with sharp edge contrasts. BrO was often found in shallow layers that recycled reactive bromine via heterogeneous reactions on snowpack. Episodically, these surface-based events propagated aloft when aerosol extinction was higher (> 0.1 km−1); however, the presence of aerosol particles aloft was not sufficient to produce BrO aloft. Highly depleted ozone (< 1 nmol mol−1) repartitioned reactive bromine away from BrO and drove BrO events aloft in cases. This work demonstrates the interplay between atmospheric mixing and heterogeneous chemistry that affects the vertical structure and horizontal extent of reactive bromine events.
Net ecosystem exchange and energy fluxes measured with the eddy covariance technique in a western Siberian bog
Authors: Alekseychik Pavel , Mammarella Ivan , Karpov Dmitry , Dengel Sigrid , Terentieva Irina , Sabrekov Alexander , Glagolev Mikhail , Lapshina Elena
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Very few studies of ecosystem–atmosphere exchange involving eddy covariance data have been conducted in Siberia, with none in the western Siberian middle taiga. This work provides the first estimates of carbon dioxide (CO2) and energy budgets in a typical bog of the western Siberian middle taiga based on May–August measurements in 2015. The footprint of measured fluxes consisted of a homogeneous mixture of tree-covered ridges and hollows with the vegetation represented by typical sedges and shrubs. Generally, the surface exchange rates resembled those of pine-covered bogs elsewhere. The surface energy balance closure approached 100 %. Net CO2 uptake was comparatively high, summing up to 202 gC m−2 for the four measurement months, while the Bowen ratio was seasonally stable at 28 %. The ecosystem turned into a net CO2 source during several front passage events in June and July. The periods of heavy rain helped keep the water table at a sustainably high level, preventing a usual drawdown in summer. However, because of the cloudy and rainy weather, the observed fluxes might rather represent the special weather conditions of 2015 than their typical magnitudes.
Evaluation of a lower-powered analyser and sampling system for eddy-covariance measurements of nitrous oxide fluxes
Authors: Brown Shannon E. , Sargent Steve , Wagner-Riddle Claudia
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes measured using the eddy-covariance method capture the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of N2O emissions. Most closed-path trace-gas analyzers for eddy-covariance measurements have large-volume, multi-pass absorption cells that necessitate high flow rates for ample frequency response, thus requiring high-power sample pumps. Other sampling system components, including rain caps, filters, dryers, and tubing can also degrade system frequency response. This field trial tested the performance of a closed-path eddy-covariance system for N2O flux measurements with improvements to use less power while maintaining the frequency response. The new system consists of a thermoelectrically cooled tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer configured to measure both N2O and carbon dioxide (CO2). The system features a relatively small, single- pass sample cell (200 ml) that provides good frequency response with a lower-powered pump (~ 250 W). A new filterless intake removes particulates from the sample air stream with no additional mixing volume that could degrade frequency response. A single-tube dryer removes water vapor from the sample to avoid the need for density or spectroscopic corrections, while maintaining frequency response. This eddy-covariance system was collocated with a previous tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer model to compare N2O and CO2 flux measurements for two full growing seasons (May 2015 to October 2016) in a fertilized cornfield in Southern Ontario, Canada. Both spectrometers were placed outdoors at the base of the sampling tower demonstrating ruggedness for a range of environmental conditions (minimum to maximum daily temperature range: −26.1 to 31.6 °C). The new system rarely required maintenance. An in situ frequency response test demonstrated that the cutoff frequency of the new system was better than the old system (3.5 Hz compared to 2.30 Hz), and similar to that of a closed-path CO2 eddy- covariance system (4.05 Hz) using shorter tubing and no dryer that was also collocated at the site. Values of the N2O fluxes were similar between the two spectrometer systems (slope = 1.01, r2 = 0.96); CO2 fluxes as measured by the short-tubed eddy-covariance system and the two spectrometer systems correlated well (slope = 1.03, r2 = 0.998). The new lower-powered tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer configuration with the filterless intake and single-tube dryer showed promise for deployment in remote areas.
A new non-resonant laser-induced fluorescence instrument for the airborne in situ measurement of formaldehyde
Authors: St. Clair Jason M. , Swanson Andrew K. , Bailey Steven A. , Wolfe Glenn M. , Marrero Josette E. , Iraci Laura T. , Hagopian John G. , Hanisco Thomas F.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. A new in situ instrument for gas-phase formaldehyde (HCHO), COmpact Formaldehyde FluorescencE Experiment (COFFEE), is presented. COFFEE utilizes non-resonant laser-induced fluorescence (NR-LIF) to measure HCHO, with 300 mW of 40 kHz 355 nm laser output exciting multiple HCHO absorption features. The resulting HCHO fluorescence is collected at 5 ns resolution, and the fluorescence time profile is fit to yield the ambient HCHO mixing ratio. Typical 1-σ precision at ~ 0 pptv HCHO is 150 pptv for 1 s data. The compact instrument was designed to operate with minimal in-flight operator interaction and infrequent maintenance (1–2 times per year). COFFEE fits in the wing pod of the Alpha Jet stationed at NASA Ames Research Center and has successfully collected HCHO data on 27 flights through 2017 March. The frequent flights, combined with a potentially long-term data set, makes the Alpha Jet a promising platform for validation of satellite-based column HCHO.
Soil properties determine the elevational patterns of base cations and
micronutrients in plant-soil system up to the upper limits of trees and shrubs
Authors: Wang Ruzhen , Wang Xue , Jiang Yong , Cerdà Artemi , Yin Jinfei , Liu Heyong , Feng Xue , Shi Zhan , Dijkstra Feike A. , Li Mai-He
Published: August 2017

Abstract. To understand whether base cations and micronutrients in the plant-soil system change with elevation, we investigated the patterns of base cations and micronutrients in both soils and plant tissues along three elevational gradients and three different climate zones in China. Base cations of Ca, Mg and K and micronutrients of Fe, Mn and Zn were determined in soils, trees and shrubs growing at lower and middle elevations as well as at their upper limits on Balang (subtropical, SW China), Qilian (dry-temperate, NW China) and Changbai (wet-temperate, NE China) mountains. No consistent elevational patterns were found for base cation and micronutrient concentrations in both soils and plant tissues (leaves, roots, shoots and stem sapwood). Rather, soil pH, total soil nitrogen (TN), the soil organic carbon (SOC) to TN ratio (C:N), and total soil inorganic nitrogen (TIN) determined the elevational patterns of soil exchangeable Ca and Mg. Furthermore, multiple regression models showed that soil pH and C:N were pivotal factors affecting soil Fe, Mn and Zn availabilities. In return, soil base cation and micronutrient availabilities played fundamental roles in determining the base cation and micronutrient concentrations in plant tissues. Our results highlight the importance of soil physicochemical properties (mainly SOC, C:N and pH) rather than elevation (i.e., canopy cover and environmental factors, especially temperature), in determining base cation and micronutrient availabilities in soils and subsequently their concentrations in plant tissues.
CÆLIS: Software for assimilation, management and processing
data of an atmospheric measurement network
Authors: Fuertes David , Toledano Carlos , González Ramiro , Berjón Alberto , Torres Benjamín , Cachorro Victoria E. , de Frutos Ángel M.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Given the importance of the atmospheric aerosol, the number of instruments and measurement networks which focus at its characterization are growing. Many challenges are derived from that: standardization of protocols, monitoring of the instrument status to evaluate the network data quality, manipulation of large volume of data and distribution of data (raw and processed). CÆLIS is a software system which aims at simplifying the management of a network monitoring the instruments, processing the data in real time and offers to the scientific community new tools to work with the data. CÆLIS has been successfully applied to the management of the photometer calibration facility managed by the University of Valladolid in the frame of AERONET. The present work describes the system architecture of CÆLIS and some examples of applications and data processing.
Sensitivity of the WRF-Chem (V3.6.1) model to different dust emission parametrisation: assessment in the broader Mediterranean region
Authors: Flaounas Emmanouil , Kotroni Vassiliki , Lagouvardos Konstantinos , Klose Martina , Flamant Cyrille , Giannaros Theodore M.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. In this study we aim to assess the WRF-Chem model capacity to reproduce dust transport over the eastern Mediterranean. For this reason, we compare the model aerosol optical depth (AOD) outputs to observations, focusing on three key regions: North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and the eastern Mediterranean. Three sets of four simulations have been performed for the 6-month period of spring and summer 2011. Each simulation set uses a different dust emission parametrisation and for each parametrisation, the dust emissions are multiplied with various coefficients in order to tune the model performance. Our assessment approach is performed across different spatial and temporal scales using AOD observations from satellites and ground-based stations, as well as from airborne measurements of aerosol extinction coefficients over the Sahara. Assessment over the entire domain and simulation period shows that the model presents temporal and spatial variability similar to observed AODs, regardless of the applied dust emission parametrisation. On the other hand, when focusing on specific regions, the model skill varies significantly. Tuning the model performance by applying a coefficient to dust emissions may reduce the model AOD bias over a region, but may increase it in other regions. In particular, the model was shown to realistically reproduce the major dust transport events over the eastern Mediterranean, but failed to capture the regional background AOD. Further comparison of the model simulations to airborne measurements of vertical profiles of extinction coefficients over North Africa suggests that the model realistically reproduces the total atmospheric column AOD. Finally, we discuss the model results in two sensitivity tests, where we included finer dust particles (less than 1 µm) and changed accordingly the dust bins' mass fraction.
Storm-wave trends in Mexican waters of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea
Authors: Ojeda Elena , Appendini Christian M. , Mendoza E. Tonatiuh
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Thirty-year time series of hindcast wave data were analysed for 10 coastal locations along the eastern Mexican coast to obtain information about storm events occurring in the region, with the goal of examining the possible presence of interannual trends in the number of storm-wave events and their main features (wave height, duration and energy content). The storms were defined according to their significant wave height and duration, and the events were classified as related to either tropical cyclones or Norte events. The occurrence and characteristics of both types of events were analysed independently. There is no statistically significant change in the number of storm-wave events related to Nortes or their characteristics during the study period. However, there is a subtle increase in the number of events related to tropical cyclones in the western Caribbean region and a more evident increase in wave height and energy content of these events.
O rei nas Minas: a construção simbólica do Império português na Capitania de Minas Gerais
Authors: Menezes e Oliveira Pablo
Published: August 2017

No final do século XVII a coroa portuguesa foi informada da existência de ouro no interior de seus domínios americanos, inaugurando sua “idade do ouro”. A descoberta gerou um processo de colonização que movimentou grande número de pessoas para a região depois denominada Minas Gerais, demandando a instalação de um grande aparato burocrático na região, que permitisse normatizar as gentes e as atividades econômicas que ali tiveram lugar. Além de uma estrutura normativa e fiscalista, a Coroa proveu a região de aparatos simbólicos que pretendiam consolidar a presença do rei entre seus súditos das Gerais. Entre estes meios, foram promovidas festividades variadas nas várias paragens da Capitania, bem como circularam imagens da monarquia, que foram importantes para conferir um esteio comum aos povos que compunham o Império. Aqui pretendemos mostrar como as casas de câmara participaram deste processo, através das ações que promoveram em Minas Gerais no século XVIII.
O PAPEL DO PERIODISMO “VERDE” NA EXPANSÃO DA AÇÃO INTEGRALISTA BRASILEIRA (ANOS 1930): UMA REVISÃO
Authors: Fiorucci Rodolfo
Published: August 2017

O artigo discute o papel da imprensa integralista no movimento comandado por Plínio Salgado nos anos 1930, com o intuito de redimensionar o impacto deste jornalismo na expansão da Ação Integralista Brasileira (AIB). Atento ao fato de que a historiografia assumiu essa imprensa como determinante no desenvolvimento da AIB, propõe-se aqui outro olhar sobre esta questão, sem a pretensão de finalizar o debate, mas com o objetivo de oferecer subsídios para novas pesquisas que assumam a imprensa integralista como fonte e/ou objeto de pesquisa. A análise da relação entre periódicos integralistas e resultados eleitorais foi apontada como base para as asserções aqui apresentadas.
ROSENZWEIG, SCHELLING ET L’HISTOIRE: QUELQUES APERÇUS
Authors: Bensussan Gérard
Published: August 2017

Le rapport Rosenzweig / Schelling est le plus souvent, et à bon droit, étudié à partir de l’influence des Âges du monde sur l’écriture de l’Etoile de la rédemption. Le présent texte suggère une autre voie,  non exclusive de la première, constituée autour de la dette rosenzweigienne contractée à l’endroit de la pensée schellingienne de l’historicité. Cette étude retrace les contenus et les attendus de cette dette sous quatre registres : 1. L’histoire, chez Schelling, est soumise à sa disposition  comme articulation de temporalités sédimentées et coexistantes ; 2. Une véritable pensée de l’histoire peut être ainsi déterminée, très différente d’une « philosophie de l’histoire » : elle accueille l’histoire comme ce par quoi se fait connaître à l’expérience un imprépensable ; 3. Cette histoire « expériencielle » se surprend sans cesse en effectuant l’événement de ce qui ne cesse d’advenir dans sa Wirklichkeit ; 4. L’acte fondatif et inaugural de l’histoire est un mouvement que les hommes ne peuvent reconnaître comme quelque chose qu’ils auraient accompli. L’histoire avance, mais sans voir. Elle s’avance sans se voir selon un « progrès anti-historique ». Le parcours de Rosenzweig refait à sa façon ce chemin. Il va d’une conception néo-hégélienne de l’histoire universelle à l’idée d’une histoire discontinue, et même d’une méta- ou d’une extrahistoricité, c’est-à-dire d’une d’extériorité à l’histoire sans laquelle celle-ci s’aplatirait dans sa pure immanence et ne se laisserait pas penser dans sa concrétude opaque et chaotique.
Conflitos e sociabilidades: os bares e cabarés de Porto Alegre no contexto das greves da Primeira República
Authors: Queirós César Augusto Bubolz
Published: August 2017

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar os redutos de sociabilidade das classes populares na cidade de Porto Alegre durante as grandes greves da Primeira República (1917-1919). Procurou-se abordar a forma como as rivalidades provocadas pelas diferenças entre as posturas assumidas no decorrer dos movimentos paredistas se manifestavam em espaços de sociabilidade como bares e cabarés.
Procalcitonin Level as a Surrogate for Catheter-Related Blood Stream Infection among Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Hamada Imam Mahmoud , Gamal Eman
Published: August 2017

Introduction

Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is a frequent complication among hemodialysis patients who usually are presented with nonspecific signs such as fever, rigors, and hypotension. Blood culture will take up to 5 days and antimicrobials will be started. Procalcitonin (PCT) is a valid marker in sepsis. Our goal in this study is to evaluate its usefulness as a diagnostic marker in detecting CRBSI among hemodialysis patients who present with suspected CRBSI.

Patients and methods

Thirty-one hemodialysis patients with suspected CRBSI were enrolled in this study. PCT level was measured at the time of presentation. Patients were divided into two groups according to blood culture results: positive and negative groups. PCT level and other markers for inflammation: white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin were compared between the two groups. Statistical analysis of variables was performed using the t-test or Mann-Whitney test together with Spearman correlation test.

Results

Thirty-one patients had median age 44.7 ± 2.1 years. They comprised 16 males (52%) and 15 females (48%). Sixteen patients had a positive blood culture result while in 15 it was negative. PCT level was significantly higher in the positive blood culture group (40.0 ± -21.9) (95% confidence interval [CI] 28.4-51.8) while its level was 1.1 ± 1 (95% CI 0.54-1.8) in the negative blood culture group [t(15) = -7, p<0.001). In the positive culture group, there was a correlation between CRP and ferritin (r = -0.58, p = 0.01, n = 16), while no correlation between PCT and other markers of inflammation.

Conclusions

PCT is a useful marker for diagnosis of CRBSI among hemodialysis patients.
Bursting Pressure of Triple-Lumen Central Venous Catheters under Static and Dynamic Loads
Authors: Beckingham Tim , Roberts Andy , St. John Alana , O'Callaghan Gerry
Published: August 2017

Introduction

Central venous catheter (CVC) access is commonplace in intensive care units. Patients undergoing computed tomographic angiography require injection of contrast at high flow rates (4.5 mL/s), often CVC access is not used due to safety concerns. The CVC might rupture at high flow rates, resulting in CVC fragmentation and embolization or contrast extravasation. The objective of this study is to determine the pressure required to burst a CVC under static load and compare this to the pressure generated by injection of contrast at high flow rates (dynamic load) through the distal (16-g) lumen of a triple-lumen CVC.

Methods

We gathered 16-cm long triple-lumen CVCs (n = 14) from patients with an average dwell time of 5.2 days (±2.7 days). Half the CVCs (n = 7) were subjected to static testing, where the distal lumen was occluded with the guidewire and super glue at the distal end of the catheter. The CVC was then placed into a 10-cm deep water bath at 37°C to simulate in vivo conditions and water was injected until catheter rupture. Dynamic pressure testing was done with the remaining catheters, with radio-contrast injected through the unoccluded distal lumen at flow rates of 4.5 mL/s, then 7 mL/s. Pressures were recorded throughout injection.

Results

During static testing, 6/7 CVCs burst at the distal lumen where the glue was applied, the remaining CVC burst proximal to the hub. PSI at burst during static testing was 184.2 PSI (95% confidence interval [CI] 174.3-194.1 PSI). During dynamic testing the mean peak pressures at 7 mL/s was 81.1 PSI (95% CI 73-89.2 PSI). At 4.5 mL/s the mean peak pressure was 47.9 PSI (95% CI 42.9-52.9 PSI).

Conclusions

No CVCs failed under dynamic loading with injection of contrast at flow rates (4.5 and 7 mL/s) high enough to support computed tomographic angiography. This suggests 16-cm triple-lumen CVCs can be used safely.