bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating CHWs as Part of the Team Leading Diabetes Group Visits: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study
Authors: Vaughan Elizabeth M. , Johnston Craig A. , Cardenas Victor J. , Moreno Jennette P. , Foreyt John P.
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of integrating Community Health Workers (CHWs) as part of the team leading diabetes group visits.

Methods

This was a randomized controlled study that integrated CHWs as part of the team leading diabetes group visits for low-income Hispanic adults (n = 50). Group visits met for 3 hours each month for a 6-month duration. Main measures included baseline and 6-month clinical outcomes (ie, A1C, lipids), concordance with 8 standard of care guidelines (ie, screens for cervical, breast, and colon cancer) from the US Preventive Task Force and American Diabetes Association, and participant acceptability.

Results

Compared to control participants, the intervention group resulted in significantly better clinical outcomes or guideline concordance for the following areas: target A1C levels, retinal eye exams, diabetes foot exams, mammograms, and urine microalbumin. Significantly more individuals in the control group gained weight, whereas a greater number of participants in the intervention group lost weight. Intervention participants found the group visits highly acceptable.

Conclusions

Integrating CHWs as part a comprehensive diabetes group visit program is a feasible and effective system-level intervention to improve glycemic control and achieve guideline concordance.
Hedge Fund Managers With Psychopathic Tendencies Make for Worse Investors
Authors: ten Brinke Leanne , Kish Aimee , Keltner Dacher
Published: October 2017

It is widely assumed that psychopathic personality traits promote success in high-powered, competitive contexts such as financial investment. By contrast, empirical studies find that psychopathic leaders can be charming and persuasive, but poor performers who mismanage, bully, and engage in unethical behavior. By coding nonverbal behaviors displayed in semistructured interviews, we identified the psychopathic, Machiavellian, and narcissistic tendencies in 101 hedge fund managers, and examined whether these traits were associated with financial performance over the course of 10 diverse years of economic volatility (2005-2015). Managers with greater psychopathic tendencies produced lower absolute returns than their less psychopathic peers, and managers with greater narcissistic traits produced decreased risk-adjusted returns. The discussion focuses on the costs of Dark Triad traits in financial investment, and organizational leadership more generally.
Remote Split
Authors: Elish M. C.
Published: October 2017

This article analyzes US drone operations through a historical and ethnographic analysis of the remote split paradigm used by the US Air Force. Remote split refers to the globally distributed command and control of drone operations and entails a network of human operators and analysts in the Middle East, Europe, and Southeast Asia as well as in the continental United States. Though often viewed as a teleological progression of “unmanned” warfare, this paper argues that historically specific technopolitical logics establish the conditions of possibility for the work of war to be divisible into discreet and computationally mediated tasks that are viewed as effective in US military engagements. To do so, the article traces how new forms of authorized evidence and expertise have shaped developments in military operations and command and control priorities from the Cold War and the “electronic battlefield” of Vietnam through the Gulf War and the conflict in the Balkans to contemporary deployments of drone operations. The article concludes by suggesting that it is by paying attention to divisions of labor and human–machine configurations that we can begin to understand the everyday and often invisible structures that sustain perpetual war as a military strategy of the United States.
Ascendant India, digital India: how net neutrality advocates defeated Facebook’s Free Basics
Authors: Prasad Revati
Published: October 2017

This article analyzes the 2015 campaign by net neutrality advocates against Facebook’s Free Basics service in India, and argues that their victory can be best understood by analyzing their privileged place in an India that imagines itself high tech and global. The advocates, predominantly tech workers, loosely organized under the banner of Save the Internet (STI) echoing the net neutrality debate in the United States. The article assesses the competing claims and modes of contention of both Facebook and STI, and examines how STI’s appeals were able to mobilize public opinion in record numbers. I argue that STI formed a ‘recursive public’, which practiced a technopolitics that resonated within the broader narrative of technocultural nationalism championed by the current ruling party. I trace the historical origins of this dominant discourse that eventually led the regulator to ban all zero-ratings plans, including Free Basics.
Bone and the Immune System
Authors: Weitzmann M. Neale
Published: October 2017

Osteoporosis increases fracture risk, a cause of crippling morbidity and mortality. The immunoskeletal interface (ISI) is a centralization of cell and cytokine effectors shared between skeletal and immune systems. Consequently, the immune system mediates powerful effects on bone turnover. Physiologically, B cells secrete osteoprotegerin (OPG), a potent anti-osteoclastogenic factor that preserves bone mass. However, activated T cells and B cells secrete pro-osteoclastogenic factors including receptor activator of Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB) ligand (RANKL), Interleukin (IL)-17A, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α promoting bone loss in inflammatory states such as rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, ISI disruption has been linked to osteoporosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), where elevated B cell RANKL and diminished OPG drive bone resorption. HIV-antiretroviral therapy paradoxically intensifies bone loss during disease reversal, as immune reconstitution produces osteoclastogenic cytokines. Interestingly, in estrogen deficiency, activated T cells secrete RANKL, TNF, and IL-17A that amplify bone resorption and contribute to postmenopausal osteoporosis. T cell–produced TNF and IL-17A further contribute to bone loss in hyperparathyroidism, while T cell production of the anabolic Wingless integration site (Wnt) ligand, Wnt10b, promotes bone formation in response to anabolic parathyroid hormone and the immunomodulatory costimulation inhibitor cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated protein-4-IgG (abatacept). These findings provide a window into the workings of the ISI and suggest novel targets for future therapeutic interventions to reduce fracture risk.
‘Staff-resident relationships in approved premises: What a difference a door makes’
Authors: Doggett Laura
Published: October 2017

This piece is a response to Irwin-Rogers’ (2017) article ‘Staff-resident relationships in approved premises: What a difference a door makes’, in which the impact of the staff office door policies on staff-resident relationships in approved premises is highlighted. The findings of Irwin-Rogers will be discussed, alongside the importance of staff-offender relationships, the benefits of a psychologically informed approach and consideration for what is needed to support staff working in approved premises (AP) to work effectively with this often challenging and emotionally demanding client group.
From ritual to metaphor
Authors: Galona Yevgen
Published: October 2017

A study of the genealogy of the concept of victim ( victima), originally an object of sacrifice [ritualistic meaning], reveals how it became a metaphorical label for a harmed party [figural meaning]. This article rejects the idea presented in earlier scholarship, that the figural meaning of victim (‘a harmed party’) emerged through the interpretation of Christ’s death in terms of sacrifice within Christian theology. It also seeks to demonstrate that it was not the initial representation of the Passion as a sacrifice that encouraged convergence between the meanings of victim, but rather changes in the presentation of the Crucifixion in late medieval piety. From the High Middle Ages, the marginal figural meaning gradually overcame the original religious one and by the 18th century it had become a primary sense that disconnected the victim from a ritualistic context.
In vivo 13C MRS in the mouse brain at 14.1 Tesla and metabolic flux quantification under infusion of [1,6-13C2]glucose
Authors: Lai Marta , Lanz Bernard , Poitry-Yamate Carole , Romero Jackeline F , Berset Corina M , Cudalbu Cristina , Gruetter Rolf
Published: October 2017

In vivo 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) enables the investigation of cerebral metabolic compartmentation while, e.g. infusing 13C-labeled glucose. Metabolic flux analysis of 13C turnover previously yielded quantitative information of glutamate and glutamine metabolism in humans and rats, while the application to in vivo mouse brain remains exceedingly challenging. In the present study, 13C direct detection at 14.1 T provided highly resolved in vivo spectra of the mouse brain while infusing [1,6-13C2]glucose for up to 5 h. 13C incorporation to glutamate and glutamine C4, C3, and C2 and aspartate C3 were detected dynamically and fitted to a two-compartment model: flux estimation of neuron-glial metabolism included tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) flux in astrocytes (Vg = 0.16 ± 0.03 µmol/g/min) and neurons (VTCAn = 0.56 ± 0.03 µmol/g/min), pyruvate carboxylase activity (VPC = 0.041 ± 0.003 µmol/g/min) and neurotransmission rate (VNT = 0.084 ± 0.008 µmol/g/min), resulting in a cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc) of 0.38 ± 0.02 µmol/g/min, in excellent agreement with that determined with concomitant 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG PET).We conclude that modeling of neuron-glial metabolism in vivo is accessible in the mouse brain from 13C direct detection with an unprecedented spatial resolution under [1,6-13C2]glucose infusion.
Political ecology I: Where is political ecology?
Authors: Loftus Alex
Published: October 2017

Political ecology has often defined itself against Eurocentric conceptions of the world. Nevertheless, recent contributions have questioned the ongoing reproduction of an Anglo-American mainstream against ‘other political ecologies’. Decentring Anglo-American political ecology has therefore forced a greater recognition of traditions that have developed under the same banner, albeit in different linguistic or national contexts. In addition, thinking more about the situatedness of knowledge claims has forced a deeper questioning of the Eurocentric and colonial production of political ecological research. In this report I begin by reviewing a range of political ecological traditions before going on to look at decolonial moves within the field. I conclude by considering how political ecologists might reframe their practice as one of relational comparison.
Development of thick airfoils for outboard sections and investigation into their application for large rotors
Authors: Caboni Marco , Boorsma Koen , Kanev Stoyan
Published: October 2017

The use of thick airfoils toward the outboard part of horizontal axis wind turbine blades is a promising concept to reduce the cost of wind energy. In fact, thick airfoils have higher area moments of inertia than those of thin airfoils, normally employed toward the outboard part of the blade. Replacing thin airfoils with thicker ones would therefore allow one to improve the structural properties of the blade, reducing the mass needed to ensure its structural integrity. Conventional thick airfoils, however, are generally characterized by worse aerodynamic performance with respect to those of thin airfoils, which make them less attracting for their use toward the outboard part of the blade. The research reported in this paper deals with the development of an optimization system for the aerodynamic design of thick airfoils, aiming to improve their aerodynamic performance, and therefore making them more suitable for their usage toward the outboard part of the blade. In order to determine the effect of the use of thick airfoils towards outboard sections, a blade design incorporating a newly designed 30% thick airfoil is assessed both statically and dynamically. The results showed that mass reduction can be achieved with the use of ad hoc optimized thick airfoils with limited penalty in power production.
MATLAB/Simulink-based modelling and performance assessment of wind–diesel energy storage system
Authors: Zargar Mubashar Yaqoob , Lone Shameem Ahmad , Mufti Mairaj Ud-Din
Published: October 2017

In this article, a comprehensive model is developed to study the performance of a hybrid wind–diesel energy storage system. Energy storage system exchanges both real and reactive power with the wind–diesel system to improve both frequency and voltage. For obtaining pre-disturbance steady-state scenario of the system, a modified load flow algorithm is proposed which calculates induction machine slip and other initial conditions, in addition to the results obtained with conventional load flow. A compact model is developed by integrating network model, energy storage system and machine equations along with the associated control systems. For frequency estimation concept, centre of inertia is utilised. Energy storage system is modelled as a controllable current source. Complete modelling is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Simulations are carried out for load disturbance as well as wind perturbations to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme.
Comparison of 2 Exercise Rehabilitation Programs for Multidirectional Instability of the Glenohumeral Joint: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Warby Sarah A. , Ford Jon J. , Hahne Andrew J. , Watson Lyn , Balster Simon , Lenssen Ross , Pizzari Tania
Published: October 2017

Background:

The recommended initial treatment for multidirectional instability (MDI) of the shoulder is a rehabilitation program, yet there is very low-quality evidence to support this approach.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to compare the Watson MDI program and Rockwood Instability program among patients with nontraumatic, nonstructural MDI. The hypothesis was that the Watson MDI program would produce clinically and statistically superior outcomes over the Rockwood Instability program.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Forty-one participants with MDI were randomly allocated to the Watson MDI or Rockwood Instability program. Participants attended 12 weekly physiotherapy sessions for exercise prescription. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 weeks after randomization. Primary outcomes were the Melbourne Instability Shoulder Score (MISS) and the Western Ontario Shoulder Index (WOSI). Secondary outcomes included the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire, pain, muscle strength, scapular upward rotation, scapular coordinates, global rating of change, satisfaction scales, limiting angle in abduction range, limiting factor in abduction range, and incidence of dislocation. Primary analysis was by intention to treat based on linear mixed models.

Results:

Between-group differences showed significant effects favoring the Watson program for the WOSI (effect size [ES], 11.1; 95% CI, 1.9-20.2; P = .018) and for the limiting factor in abduction (ES, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.0-1.6; P = .023) at 12 weeks, and for the WOSI (ES, 12.6; 95% CI, 3.4-21.9; P =. 008), MISS (ES, 15.4; 95% CI, 5.9-24.8; P = .002), and pain (ES, -2.0; CI: -2.3 to -0.7, P = .003) at 24 weeks.

Conclusion:

For people with MDI, 12 sessions of the Watson MDI program were more effective than the Rockwood program at 12- and 24-week follow-up.

Registration:

ACTRN12613001240730 (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry).
Changing Focus: End-of-Life Care in a New York State Managed Long-Term Care Program
Authors: Meeker Mary Ann , Waldrop Deborah P.
Published: October 2017

In the United States, managed long-term care programs offer a noninstitutional approach to meeting the needs of increasing numbers of frail elders. Providing services that support both quality of life and quality of dying poses unique challenges. Using a qualitative descriptive design, we explored these challenges from the perspectives of care providers. Themes were identified using qualitative content analysis techniques applied to transcripts of 33 semistructured interviews. Professionals comprising an interdisciplinary care team and home health aide direct care providers described cues by which they identified movement into the end-of-life phase, their understandings of how care changed, and their concerns and recommendations for improvement. When the changing care needs could be met, a “good death” ensued, but that was not always possible. Managed long-term care programs are called upon to develop the capacity to integrate the phase of dying into the full story of each life for which they care.
ADHD Assessment in College Students: Psychologists’ Adherence to DSM-5 Criteria and Multi-Method/Multi-Informant Assessment
Authors: Weis Robert , Till Christina H. , Erickson Celeste P.
Published: October 2017

The evidence-based assessment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) depends on adherence to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) diagnostic criteria and reliance on multi-method/multi-informant data. Although nearly all psychologists endorse these practices, college students with ADHD may lack documentation supporting their diagnoses. We reviewed the documentation submitted by 214 undergraduates diagnosed with ADHD and receiving academic accommodations for this condition. Their clinicians also completed a checklist that described their assessment procedures. Relatively few psychologists assessed all DSM-5 criteria, based on either the psychologist’s self-reported assessment procedures (23.4%), written documentation (14.0%), or multi-method/multi-informant data (10.3%) such as educational/medical records, results of rating scales, or interviews with other informants. Psychologists were least likely to assess students’ areas of impairment or to rule out alternative causes for students’ self-reported symptoms. This lack of adherence to DSM-5 criteria and overreliance on students’ self-reports can threaten the reliability of diagnosis and the appropriateness of medication and accommodations that follow.
The Failure of All Mothers or the Mother of All Failures? Juror Perceptions of Failure to Protect Laws
Authors: Stanziani Marissa , Cox Jennifer
Published: October 2017

Failure to protect laws have been an area of interest among legal scholars, child and domestic violence advocates, and the social work and psychology fields with varying focuses on the societal underpinnings of the laws and their application. Despite the pervasive legal literature on “mother blaming” and the revictimization of battered women that these laws engender, few studies have empirically examined if “mother blaming” occurs in these cases, or if battered women are treated more harshly. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of defendant sex and presence of domestic violence on mock juror decision making in a failure to protect case. The influences of juror sex on decision making were also examined. Jury eligible community members read a summary of a case in which the defendant was charged with failing to protect their child from a third-party abuser. The sex of the defendant and the presence of domestic violence were manipulated. Participants then rendered a verdict, provided sentencing recommendations, and responded to attitudinal questions about the defendant and perpetrator. Mock jurors were more likely to find the defendant guilty and view the defendant more negatively when the defendant had been the victim of domestic violence. Defendant sex did not affect outcome measures; however, female jurors were more punitive than male jurors. Results are discussed in terms of “victim blaming” and labeling theory of intimate partner violence.
Bagasse composites
Authors: Xiong Wei
Published: October 2017

This study provides a bibliographic review for future reference in the broad field of bagasse composites by looking for factors that influence their attributes. As an abundant agriculture resource, sugarcane bagasse has attracted extensive research interests because of its high annual yields, low costs, and environmental-friendly characters. During these research, various parameters have been tested to identify their effects; however, these studies are carried out dispersedly. This review provides a summary of these factors, their impacts, and mechanisms. Three factors are used to explain the attributes of bagasse composites followed by the factors involved in preparation, modification, and additives and also their influences. Then the best mechanical properties of different bagasse composites and their achieving condition are summarized. Durability is also reviewed. Additionally, competitive application of bagasse composites is defined by comparing their attributes with other natural fiber composites.
Theoretical and technical advancements of near-infrared spectroscopy and its operational impact in industry
Authors: Huck Christian W
Published: October 2017

This article provides a summary of the plenary lecture given at ICNIRS2017 at Copenhagen, Denmark. In principle, near infrared spectroscopy enjoys increasing popularity due to its possibilities for non-invasive, fast, and simultaneous analysis of chemical and physical parameters. Therefore, more frequently in laboratories, time-consuming classical methods including wet-chemical analysis, chromatography, electrophoresis, etc., get substituted by near infrared spectroscopy approaches. On the other hand, hardly any other discipline in analytical chemistry is making such fast technical and theoretical advancements. One of the major challenges is the development of portable devices based on micro-electro mechanical systems or linear variable filters. It belongs to the responsibility of the near infrared spectroscopist to critically evaluate the performance of those with benchtop instruments. For method development, design of experiment and quantum chemical calculation of spectra can give fundamental support. Finally, serious care is to be taken when methods are transferred into the industrial environment.
Commercial surrogacy in India: The presumption of adaptive preference formation, the possibility of autonomy and the persistence of exploitation
Authors: Fellowes Melanie G.
Published: October 2017

India’s proposed 2016 Bill on the regulation of surrogacy is its latest attempt to respond to criticism regarding the lack of protection given to those entering into a commercial surrogacy arrangement. Adaptive preference theorists presume that a decision made in an oppressive environment, which is inconsistent with the woman’s well-being, is not autonomous and that she is therefore exploited. This article challenges this presumption, arguing that some decisions may be suspected as adaptive preferences but they may nevertheless be autonomous. However, it is contended that even if the choice is autonomous, there may still be exploitation given the imbalance of bargaining power and the nature of the service. Rather than a blanket ban on commercial surrogacy, it would be better to reduce exploitative conditions by establishing adequate protection and safeguards for the commercial surrogate and others who are party to the arrangement.
Simultaneous detection of antibodies to five Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars using bead-based multiplex analysis
Authors: Berger Sanne Schou , Lauritsen Klara Tølbøll , Boas Ulrik , Lind Peter , Andresen Lars Ole
Published: October 2017

We developed and made a preliminary validation of a bead-based multiplexed immunoassay for simultaneous detection of porcine serum antibodies to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars 1, 2, 6, 7, and 12. Magnetic fluorescent beads were coupled with A. pleuropneumoniae antigens and tested with a panel of serum samples from experimentally infected pigs and with serum samples from uninfected and naturally infected pigs. The multiplex assay was compared to in-house ELISAs and complement fixation (CF) tests, which have been used for decades as tools for herd classification in the Danish Specific Pathogen Free system. Assay specificities and sensitivities as well as the corresponding cutoff values were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and the A. pleuropneumoniae multiplex assay showed good correlation with the in-house ELISAs and CF tests with areas under ROC curves ≥ 0.988. Benefits of multiplexed assays compared to ELISAs and CF tests include reduced serum sample volumes needed for analysis, less labor, and shorter assay time.
Review of the Effectiveness of Enteral Feeding in Pediatric Oncology Patients
Authors: Trimpe Kaleena , Shaw Michele R. , Wilson Marian , Haberman Mel R.
Published: October 2017

Enteral supplementation for nutritional support in pediatric oncology patients remains nonstandardized across institutions and between providers. Pediatric oncology patients frequently fail to meet their growth curve percentiles, lose weight, and/or are malnourished due to both the oncologic process as well as side effects from chemotherapy and radiation treatments. Methods of increasing weight include enteral feeding (nasogastric, nasoduodenal/jejunal, or gastrostomy), parenteral intravenous feeding, and oral supplementation. Indications for feeding and feeding protocols are highly variable, in part due to parental and familial choices, and in part due to the lack of guidelines available for providers. This article provides a comprehensive literature review of 8 published studies regarding the effectiveness and safety of enteral feeding in maintaining or increasing weight in pediatric oncology patients to help inform practice. The review concludes that enteral feeding in pediatric oncology patients is an effective and safe method to affect weight positively. However, further research is needed for developing treatment guidelines, including establishing a timeline for initiation of feeding, and determining which patients are most likely to benefit from enteral feeding.
Walking Children Through a Minefield: How Professionals Experience Exploring Adverse Childhood Experiences
Authors: Albaek Ane U. , Kinn Liv G. , Milde Anne M.
Published: October 2017

Understanding the challenges of professionals in addressing child adversity is key to improving the detection, protection, and care of exposed children. We aimed to synthesize findings from qualitative studies of professionals’ lived experience of addressing child adversity. Through a systematic search, we identified eight qualitative studies and synthesized them using metaethnography. We generated three themes, “feeling inadequate,” “fear of making it worse,” and “facing evil,” and one overarching metaphor, “walking children through a minefield.” The professionals felt that they lacked the means necessary to explore child adversity, that they were apprehensive of worsening the child’s situation, and that their work with child adversity induced emotional discomfort. This metasynthesis indicated that the professionals’ efficiency in exploring abuse relied upon their ability to manage emotional and moral distress and complexity. To support children at risk, we propose developing professionals’ ability to build relationships, skills in emotion regulation, and proficiency in reflective practice.
A Pilot Study for Improving Classroom Systems Within Schoolwide Positive Behavior Support
Authors: Oliver Regina M. , Lambert Matthew C. , Mason W. Alex
Published: October 2017

Despite the overall success of Schoolwide Positive Behavior Support, there is evidence teachers do not effectively utilize Schoolwide Positive Behavior Support features in the classroom. Classrooms are important systems within a Schoolwide Positive Behavior Support framework as this is the location within the school that students spend the majority of their time. This is especially important for students with emotional and behavioral disorders as teacher proficiency with classroom management affects the progression and malleability of the disorder. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of a manualized classroom management program to improve classroom atmosphere and teacher use of classroom management practices within schools already utilizing Schoolwide Positive Behavior Support with fidelity. Results suggest significant improvements in teacher use of certain classroom practices (e.g., praise) and classroom systems. Strengths and limitations of the study are presented along with implications for research and practice.
The Impact of District Magnitude on the Legislative Behavior of State Representatives
Authors: Taylor Jeffrey A. , Herrnson Paul S. , Curry James M.
Published: October 2017

This study demonstrates that district magnitude (the number of officials elected from an electoral district) affects the behavioral choices and policymaking contributions of legislators. We theorize that legislators elected from districts of larger magnitudes focus much of their efforts on relatively low-cost, high-visibility activities that allow for easy credit claiming, while their colleagues from lower magnitude districts focus more on relatively high-cost, low-visibility work required to move policy proposals through the legislative process. We test our hypotheses using data recording the legislative activities of members of the Maryland House of Delegates, which elects its member from districts of different magnitudes. The results, which are mostly supportive, have implications for the impact of institutional structures on representation and policymaking.
The Development of Gratitude in Guatemalan Children and Adolescents
Authors: Poelker Katelyn E. , Gibbons Judith L.
Published: October 2017

Expressing gratitude is central to the lives of Guatemalan youth. Despite limited empirical evidence on gratitude in Guatemala, anecdotal reports and cultural values point to its importance, providing a rich cultural context to continue Baumgarten-Tramer’s work. We have situated the current sample of 104 Guatemalan youth ( M = 10.85, SD = 2.28, 53.8% girls) as autonomous and related using Kağıtçıbaşı’s framework, given their relatively advantaged socioeconomic status and the cultural importance of family. Participants’ responses to the Wishes and Gratitude Scale and the Imaginary Windfall resource distribution activity revealed that older children were more likely than younger children to express connective gratitude. Regardless of age, expressions of verbal gratitude were frequent, while concrete gratitude was extremely rare. Older participants were more likely to spend their hypothetical resources saving for the future; younger children’s resources were often allocated to buying gifts for others. These findings reflect both participants’ cultural and developmental contexts.
Perioperative and Anesthetic Considerations in Pulmonary Atresia With Intact Ventricular Septum
Authors: Gleich Stephen , Latham Gregory J. , Joffe Denise , Ross Faith J.
Published: October 2017

Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA/IVS) is a rare right-heart obstructive lesion with a wide anatomic and physiologic spectrum of disease, ranging from simple membranous pulmonary valve atresia with a fully developed right ventricle (RV) to a severely hypoplastic RV and ventriculocoronary (RV-coronary) fistulas. Affected neonates are dependent on prostaglandin for adequate pulmonary blood flow. Depending on the severity of disease, treatment options range from transcatheter pulmonary valve perforation and ultimate biventricular repair to staged single-ventricle palliation. Cardiac transplantation is recommended in the most severe cases. This review will discuss the perioperative and anesthetic management of patients with PA/IVS and highlight the challenges in management.
The Lieberman–Brian Inclusion Rating Scale for Physical Education
Authors: Lieberman Lauren , Brian Ali , Grenier Michelle
Published: October 2017

Children with disabilities have mixed feelings about their inclusion experiences. The purpose of this study was to explore the validity and reliability of results from the Lieberman-Brian Inclusion Rating Scale for Physical Education. Experts in adapted physical education ( n = 10) established content and face validity (mean = 4.68 ± 0.56) on a five-point scale through three rounds of evaluation through the Delphi method. Next, elementary physical education teachers ( n = 15) and two independent raters established test–retest reliability ( r = 0.87, p < 0.001; intra-class correlations (ICC) = 0.93, p < 0.001) and inter-rater reliability ( r = 0.69, p < 0.001; ICC = 0.82, p < 0.001) respectively. Physical education teachers among others can use this valid and reliable scale to determine the extent to which teachers attempt to make an environment inclusive. Practical uses for this instrument are program evaluation, intervention research, and as a teaching tool.
How we use the Internet matters for health: The relationship between various online health-related activities and preventive dietary behaviors
Authors: Chae Jiyoung
Published: October 2017

This study identified specific types of online health-related activities that may promote preventive dietary behaviors. Two cycles (Cycles 1 and 3) of the Health Information National Trends Survey 4 were analyzed ( N = 2606 and 2284, respectively; Internet users only). Similar types of activities were grouped to create three types of online activities: information seeking, engagement in health information technology, and social media use. In both cycles, online health information seeking and the engagement in health information technology were positively associated with two dietary behaviors (fruit/vegetable consumption and using menu information on calories) but not with soda consumption. Individuals may be exposed to new information or become more aware of their current health status through information seeking or health information technology engagement. However, social media use for health was not related to any of the dietary behavior. The results suggest that “how we use the Internet” may make a difference in health outcomes.
Is there such a thing as happiness in the present? Happiness and temporality
Authors: McKenzie Jordan
Published: October 2017

While the pursuit of happiness in the present pervades popular narratives of happiness and the good life, the work of Adorno and Arendt casts doubt on the possibility of this lucrative goal. For Adorno, happiness occurs only in memory, while Arendt is sceptical about the possibility of experience between past and future and uses happiness to demonstrate her suspicion. Meanwhile, GH Mead offers an alternative that rejects these counter-intuitive perspectives by reaffirming that all experiences necessarily take place in the present. This article will assess each of these claims alongside the view that contemporary happiness discourse favours the pragmatic notion of happiness in the present. The article will then conclude by considering the potential for Simmel’s transcending theory of experience – set out in his final major work View of Life (1918) – to resolve these tensions and support a theory of time, experience, emotion and knowledge that is capable of responding to the challenges set out by Adorno, Arendt and Mead.
Cardiac rehabilitation after percutaneous coronary intervention: Results from a nationwide survey
Authors: Olsen Siv JS , Schirmer Henrik , Bønaa Kaare H , Hanssen Tove A
Published: October 2017

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to estimate the proportion of Norwegian coronary heart disease patients participating in cardiac rehabilitation programmes after percutaneous coronary intervention, and to determine predictors of cardiac rehabilitation participation.

Methods:

Participants were patients enrolled in the Norwegian Coronary Stent Trial. We assessed cardiac rehabilitation participation in 9013 of these patients who had undergone their first percutaneous coronary intervention during 2008–2011. Of these, 7068 patients (82%) completed a self-administered questionnaire on cardiac rehabilitation participation within three years after their percutaneous coronary intervention.

Results:

Twenty-eight per cent of the participants reported engaging in cardiac rehabilitation. Participation rate differed among the four regional health authorities in Norway, varying from 20%–31%. Patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for an acute coronary syndrome were more likely to participate in cardiac rehabilitation than patients with stable angina (odds ratio 3.2; 95% confidence interval 2.74–3.76). A multivariate statistical model revealed that men had a 28% lower probability ( p<0.001) of participating in cardiac rehabilitation, and the odds of attending cardiac rehabilitation decreased with increasing age ( p<0.001). Contributors to higher odds of cardiac rehabilitation participation were educational level >12 years (odds ratio 1.50; 95% confidence interval 1.32–1.71) and body mass index>25 (odds ratio 1.19; 95% confidence interval 1.05–1.36). Prior coronary artery bypass graft was associated with lower odds of cardiac rehabilitation participation (odds ratio 0.47; 95% confidence interval 0.32–0.70)

Conclusion:

The estimated cardiac rehabilitation participation rate among patients undergoing first-time percutaneous coronary intervention is low in Norway. The typical participant is young, overweight, well-educated, and had an acute coronary event. These results varied by geographical region.
Autonomous positioning control of manipulator and fast surface fitting based on particle filter and point cloud library technology
Authors: Li Leiyuan , Hu Yanzhu
Published: October 2017

The real-time calculations of the positioning error, error correction, and state analysis have always been a difficult challenge in the process of autonomous positioning. In order to solve this problem, a simple depth imaging equipment (Kinect) is used, and a particle filter based on three-frame subtraction to capture the end-effector’s motion is proposed in this article. Further, a back-propagation neural network is adopted to recognize targets. The point cloud library technology is used to collect the space coordinates of the end-effector and target. Finally, a three-dimensional mesh simplification algorithm based on the density analysis and average distance between points is proposed to carry out data compression. Accordingly, the target point cloud is fitted quickly. The experiments conducted in the article demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can detect and track the end-effector in real time. The recognition rate of 99% is achieved for a cylindrical object. The geometric center of all particles is regarded as the end-effector’s center. Furthermore, the gradual convergence of the end-effector center to the target centroid shows that the autonomous positioning is successful. Compared to traditional algorithms, both moving the end-effector and a stationary object can be extracted from image frames using a thesis. The thesis presents a simple and convenient positioning method, which adjusts the motion of the manipulator according to the error between the end-effector’s center and target centroid. The computational complexity is reduced and the camera calibration is eliminated.
Control system for the haptic paddle used in mobile robotics
Authors: Hrbček Jozef , Božek Pavol , Svetlík Jozef , Šimák Vojtech , Hruboš Marián , Nemec Dušan , Janota Aleš , Bubeníková Emília
Published: October 2017

A haptic interface is a kinaesthetic link between a human and some real or virtual environment. In this article, we discuss whether the haptic technology (virtually touching objects and feeling forces) could be effectively implemented in the industrial applications. As an example, we will examine the virtual wall which is a fundamental component of almost all virtual objects. Typically, it is based on a simple spring and damper model with constraints that allow the user to make contact with an object. Various factors lead to an unstable behaviour in a controlled system such as the virtual wall. Main causes of disturbances are the sensor (e.g. the signal resolution) and the actuator (e.g. the dynamics of the system which are not covered by the controller design). Some of these disturbance mechanisms can be excluded by mechanical design, and others are more difficult to eliminate – following two are discussed in the article: First one is the zero-order hold effect caused by sampling and the second one is the shifted synchronization of the wall threshold crossings with the sampling times. Both have unwanted effects on the sampled data within the virtual wall system.
Electrocardiographic unrecognized myocardial infarction does not improve prediction of cardiovascular events beyond traditional risk factors. The Tromsø Study
Authors: Øhrn Andrea Milde , Schirmer Henrik , Njølstad Inger , Mathiesen Ellisiv B , Eggen Anne E , Løchen Maja-Lisa , Wilsgaard Tom , Lindekleiv Haakon
Published: October 2017

Background

Unrecognized myocardial infarction (MI) is a frequent and intriguing entity associated with a similar risk of death as recognized MI. Previous studies have not fully addressed whether the poor prognosis is explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors. We investigated whether electrocardiographically detected unrecognized MI was independently associated with cardiovascular events and death and whether it improved prediction for future MI in a general population.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Methods

We studied 5686 women and men without clinically recognized MI at baseline in 2007–2008. We assessed the risk of future MI, stroke and all-cause mortality in persons with unrecognized MI compared with persons with no MI during 31,051 person-years of follow-up.

Results

In the unadjusted analyses, unrecognized MI was associated with increased risk of future recognized MI (hazard ratio 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–2.96) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.78, 95% CI 1.21–2.61), but not stroke (hazard ratio 1.09, 95% CI 0.56–2.17). The associations did not remain significant after adjustment for traditional risk factors (hazard ratio 1.25, 95% CI 0.76–2.06 and hazard ratio 1.38, 95% CI 0.93–2.05) for MI and all-cause mortality respectively. Unrecognized MI did not improve risk prediction for future recognized MI using the Framingham Risk Score ( p = 0.96) or the European Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation ( p = 0.65). There was no significant sex interaction regarding any of the endpoints.

Conclusion

Electrocardiographic unrecognized MI was not significantly associated with future risk of MI, stroke or all-cause mortality in the general population after adjustment for the traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and it did not improve prediction of future MI.
The Challenges of Empowering Women: The Experience of Pulse Innovation Project in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Geleta Esayas Bekele , Elabor-Idemudia Paitence , Henry Carol , Reggassa Nigatu
Published: October 2017

Within the last two decades, women’s empowerment has been the central theme of international development policy and practice. This article seeks to elucidate the challenges of integrating gender in a development project to empower women. Drawing on the wider literature on women’s empowerment, it constructs a framework to analyze the meaning of empowerment. The article then draws on the framework and empirical data gathered to illuminate the challenges of integrating gender in a pulse innovation project, implemented in Southern Ethiopia. The article elucidates gender hierarchies that limit the extent of women’s involvement in crop production processes. It demonstrates social and cultural factors that restrict women from fully participating in high value pulse markets and their involvement in production and exchange decision-making. It also illustrates how existing social networks, relations, and links disadvantage women. The article then recommends solutions to help facilitate the integration of gender in the project toward the empowerment of women.
A Tool for Supporting Communication in the Workplace for Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities and/or Autism
Authors: Pouliot Danielle M. , Müller Eve , Frasché Nancy F. , Kern Ann S. , Resti Israelle H.
Published: October 2017

Speech and language impairments can pose significant challenges to the successful workplace inclusion of young adults with intellectual disabilities (IDs) and/or autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Breakdowns are most likely to occur when support staff, workplace supervisors, or co-workers are unsure how to support effective communication. “Communication Stories” offer an innovative means of helping young adults with ID/ASD advocate for themselves by teaching others about the expressive, receptive, and social/pragmatic communication strategies they use. This article provides guidelines for how to develop customized, electronic “Communication Stories” for young adults with ID/ASD to use in the workplace. Suggestions are also given for use in other contexts, and for low-tech options.
Measurement of Tibial Tuberosity–Trochlear Groove Offset Distance by Weightbearing Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Scan
Authors: Marzo John M. , Kluczynski Melissa A. , Notino Anthony , Bisson Leslie J.
Published: October 2017

Background:

Computed tomography (CT) scans are useful for objectively measuring bone alignment because they show bone detail particularly well, and these scans have been used extensively to assess patellar orientation. The tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) offset distance has been shown to be influenced by knee flexion and weightbearing, yet conventional CT scans are obtained with the subject relaxed, supine, and with the knee in full extension. A new cone-beam CT scanner has been designed to allow for weightbearing images, potentially providing a more physiologically relevant assessment of patellofemoral alignment.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to measure the TT-TG offset in healthy individuals without any history of knee complaints when CT scans were obtained while fully weightbearing on a flexed knee. Our hypothesis was that the TT-TG offset measurement in these healthy knees would be reproducible and less than the historically reported normal range.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Twenty healthy volunteers without any history of knee complaint were recruited to undergo a weightbearing cone-beam CT scan of the knee flexed at 30°. The scans were reviewed by a radiologist and an orthopaedic surgeon, and TT-TG offset was measured using the digital tools of a picture archiving and communication system. Paired t tests were used to compare TT-TG offset on 2 separate occasions for both raters. Inter- and intrarater reliability were assessed using a 2-way mixed-effects model intraclass correlation coefficient with corresponding 95% confidence intervals for TT-TG offset.

Results:

The mean TT-TG offset was 2.7 mm. There were no statistically significant differences in TT-TG offset between raters ( Prater1 = .70; Prater2 = .49) and time of read ( Ptime1 = .83; Ptime2 = .19). Good to moderate interrater reliability was found at the time of both reads, and good intrarater reliability was found for both raters.

Conclusion:

When measured by CT scan and obtained from a subject while weightbearing on a flexed knee, the TT-TG offset is reproducible and the distance is less than that obtained via a conventional CT scan.