bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the changing urban sound environment during the COVID-19 lockdown period using short-term acoustic measurements
Authors: Aletta Francesco , Oberman Tin , Mitchell Andrew , Tong Huan , Kang Jian
Published: August 2020

The implementation of lockdown measures due to the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in wide-ranging social and environmental implications. Among the environmental impacts is a decrease in urban noise levels which has so far been observed at the city scale via noise mapping efforts conducted through the framework of the Environmental Noise Directive. This study aims to understand how lockdown measures have manifested at a local level to better determine how the person-level experience of the urban soundscape has been affected and how these affects differ across urban space typologies. Taking London as a case study, a series of 30-second binaural recordings were taken at 11 locations representing a cross-section of urban public spaces with varying compositions of sound sources during Spring 2019 (pre-lockdown, N = 620) and Spring 2020 (during-lockdown, N = 481). Five acoustic and psychoacoustic metrics (LAeq,LA10,LA90, Loudness, Sharpness) were calculated for each recording and their changes from the pre-lockdown scenario to the lockdown scenario are investigated. Clustering analysis was performed which grouped the locations into 3 types of urban settings based on their acoustic characteristics. An average reduction of 5.4 dB (LAeq) was observed, however significant differences in the degree of reduction were found across the locations, ranging from a 10.7 dB to a 1.2 dB reduction. This study confirms the general reduction in noise levels due to the nationally imposed lockdown measures, identifies trends which vary depending on the urban context and discusses the implications for the limits of urban noise reduction.
Regulating European Philanthropy: Lessons from the Scholarly Legacy of Evelyn Brody
Authors: Breen Oonagh B.
Published: August 2020

Throughout her long and distinguished academic career, spanning more than three decades, as a Professor of Law at Chicago-Kent University, Evelyn Brody’s work has interrogated three broad themes that underpin and drive charity law – the tax treatment of charities; the governance framework applicable to charities, its application, monitoring and enforcement; and the evolution of charitable structures over time, whether from an economic convergence perspective, a constitutional right of association perspective or from a public/private benefit perspective. This article reviews Brody’s contribution in these key areas. It explores the resonance of her work outside of the United States and its relevance for EU non-profit scholars before looking to Brody’s research legacy for future nonprofit scholars on both sides of the Atlantic.
Microbial antagonists against plant pathogens in Iran: A review
Authors: Alizadeh Mehrdad , Vasebi Yalda , Safaie Naser
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this article was to give a comprehensive review of the published research works on biological control of different fungal, bacterial, and nematode plant diseases in Iran from 1992 to 2018. Plant pathogens cause economical loss in many agricultural products in Iran. In an attempt to prevent these serious losses, chemical control measures have usually been applied to reduce diseases in farms, gardens, and greenhouses. In recent decades, using the biological control against plant diseases has been considered as a beneficial and alternative method to chemical control due to its potential in integrated plant disease management as well as the increasing yield in an eco-friendly manner. Based on the reported studies, various species of Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus were the most common biocontrol agents with the ability to control the wide range of plant pathogens in Iran from lab to the greenhouse and field conditions.
Machine Readable Race: Constructing Racial Information in the Third Reich
Authors: Munn Luke
Published: August 2020

This paper examines how informational processing drove new structures of racial classification in the Third Reich. The Deutsche Hollerith-Maschinen Gesellschaft mbH (Dehomag) worked closely with the government in designing and integrating punch-card informational systems. As a German subsidiary of IBM, Dehomag’s technology was deployed initially for a census in order to provide a more detailed racial analysis of the population. However the racial data was not detailed enough. The Nuremberg Race Laws provided a more precise and procedural definition of Jewishness that could be rendered machine-readable. As the volume and velocity of information in the Reich increased, Dehomag’s technology was adopted by other agencies like the Race and Settlement Office, and culminated in the vision of a single machinic number for each citizen. Through the lens of these proto-technologies, the paper demonstrates the historical interplay between race and information. Yet if the indexing and sorting of race anticipates big-data analytics, contemporary power is more sophisticated and subtle. The complexity of modern algorithmic regimes diffuses obvious racial markers, engendering a racism without race.
The language of rhetorical feminism, anchored in hope
Authors: Glenn Cheryl
Published: August 2020

“The Language of Rhetorical Feminism, Anchored in Hope” honors contemporary expansions of rhetoric in terms of theory, practitioners, and practices. I’ve forged a new pathway that begins at the nexus of rhetoric, feminism, and hope, a juncture where the traditionally disregarded rhetorical practices and powers of so-called Others can be appreciated for their potency. Their purposeful resistant rhetorical praxes provide the constituent features of a theory I call “rhetorical feminism.” My hope is that the best parts of these rhetorical feminist praxes will meld with the best parts of rhetoric writ large.
Bereaved Mothers and Masculine Queens: The Political Use of Maternal Grief in 1–2 Kings
Authors: Quine Cat
Published: August 2020

Recent research demonstrates that maternal grief functions paradigmatically to epitomize despair and sorrow in the Hebrew Bible. These literary uses of maternal grief reinforce the stereotype of womanhood, defined by devotion to children and anguish at their loss. In 1–2 Kings, narratives about unnamed bereaved mothers are used politically to create a contrast with named biblical queens who lose their sons but never grieve for them. Although 1–2 Kings names the queen mothers alongside the male rulers, these mothers have no agency or when they do, they act more like men than women. Neo-Assyrian inscriptions attest the masculinity of royal female power, and this article argues that conceptions of royal female power in Judah were similar. By contrasting the masculine queens with stereotyped “real men” and “real women,” traditional gender performances literarily overcome the institution of queenship. While the queens are polemicized, unnamed mothers emerge as the female heroes of Kings. Royal female power is demoted beneath reproductive ability and emotional responses to children, while the gender fluidity of royal power is circumscribed.
Restructuring of ultra-thin branches in multi-nucleated silicon nanowires
Authors: Lee Youjin V. , Meng Lingyuan , Ostroff Eleanor , Tian Bozhi
Published: August 2020

The synthetic tunability of semiconductor nanowires has enabled researchers to apply these materials in a variety of applications from energy harvesting to biological stimulation. One of the most intensely researched areas is the synthesis of branched nanowires, or nano-tree structures, owing to their high surface area. In this paper, we present a synthetic protocol that enables the growth of ultra-thin nanowire branches on a primary nanowire. Specifically, the method yields tightly distributed branches, whose locality is unique to our method. We furthermore induce the transformation of these branches into spheroidal superstructures. We explain how an Ostwald ripening-like mechanism can account for such a transformation. We suggest how our method can expand the synthetic toolset of branched nanowires, thus enabling the development of applications.
Absent Peacein Colombia: A Study of Transition Discourses in Former Combatants
Authors: Arboleda-Ariza Juan Carlos , Prosser Bravo Gabriel , Mora-Gámez Fredy
Published: August 2020

The Colombian State and subversive groups have made attempts to build peace by the establishment of accords since the 1980s. Recently, the signature of a peace accord by former president Santos and the FARC-EP leadership in 2016, has come along with changes in the interpretative frameworks of the conflict and the emergence of new institutions, forms of subjectivity and collective meanings around peace. Nowadays, Colombia is in the transition from being a country at war to a peaceful nation. In this transition, the discourse of victims and state representatives about peace and conflict are predominant in the literature. This article characterizes the simultaneously coexisting discourses about peace and conflict in former combatants. We conducted a discourse analysis of 19 semi-structured interviews with former members of paramilitaries and guerrillas. The results are clustered into two categories:absent peace, in which peace is seen as the lack of something that was missed and lost; andthe indefinite war, where peace can be hardly imagined due to the permanence of conflict and longevity of violence. The overlooked angle of the narratives of combatants about peace and conflict is discussed, and the findings are suggested as potential guidelines to navigate displaced and divergent accounts of peace and conflict in transition societies.
COVID-19, Security Threats and Public Opinions
Authors: Bove Vincenzo , Di Leo Riccardo
Published: August 2020

Throughout the coronavirus outbreak, politicians and commentators have often adopted a war-like rhetoric, invoking a language more often associated to terrorist violence, rather than epidemics. Although COVID-19 represents primarily a public health emergency, not inflicted by human agency, there are similarities in the type and scope of regulations governments have introduced to tackle the virus and to respond to terrorist attacks. In this article, we first ask what we can learn from the extant studies on the attitudinal and emotional consequences of terrorism, relating it to recent research on public opinions in the wake of COVID-19, in order to better understand and predict how the pandemic will influence public sentiments. We then analyze how attitudes can shift when a critical event not only threatens the population of a country as a whole, but directly affects its political leader. Leveraging recently released survey data, we show how the announcement of Angela Merkel’s quarantine significantly dampened the trust in and the credibility of her government, although this effect was short-lived.
Influences of interface structure on tribological properties of engineering polymer blends: a review
Authors: Chen Song , Wei Lei , Cheng Bingxue , Jin Yongliang , Duan Haitao
Published: August 2020

Polymer blends have been widely used as tribological materials for replacements of traditional metals and ceramics. Polymer blends consist of the reinforced phase, the matrix phase and interfaces between reinforced and matrix phase. Although the interface structure of polymer blends is usually small in size, it is one of the key factors for deciding the physical and tribological properties of polymer blends. Thus, this review highlights the most recent trends in the field of influences of interface structure on tribological properties of engineering polymer blends. Emphasis is given to the improvement methods of interfacial compatibility of polymer blends and the behavior variation of interface structure during friction process.
Evaluation of delay in time to adjuvant chemotherapy after HIPEC and its impact on oncological outcome in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Somashekhar S.P. , Ramya Y. , Ashwin K.R. , Shabber S.Z. , Ahuja V.K. , Amit R. , Rohit K.C.
Published: August 2020

Obejectives

Optimal cytoreductive surgery (CRS), followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, is a major predictor of oncological outcome in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). It is not clear if a delayed start of adjuvant chemotherapy negatively impacts on the oncological outcome.

Methods

Prospective registry study on 75 patients treated with CRS and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Adjuvant chemotherapy was started within 42 days in 41 patients (55%), later on in 34 patients (45%). Multivariate analyses of preoperative factors were done on survival outcome. Outcomes were recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

There was no difference in RFS after early introduction (median 35 months) vs. late introduction of chemotherapy (median 32 months), p = 0.17. Median OS in patients with late introduction of chemotherapy was 46 months and was not yet reached in early introduction group.

Conclusions

In this exploratory study in a small group of women with advanced EOC, starting adjuvant chemotherapy more than 6 weeks after CRS and HIPEC did not deteriorate significantly RFS or OS. Well-designed clinical studies are still needed to evaluate the interplay of HIPEC and the point of time of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in this indication.
Anosmia: a missing link in the neuroimmunology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Yazdanpanah Niloufar , Saghazadeh Amene , Rezaei Nima
Published: August 2020

Just before 2020 began, a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), brought for humans a potentially fatal disease known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The world has thoroughly been affected by COVID-19, while there has been little progress towards understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Patients with a severe phenotype of disease and those who died from the disease have shown hyperinflammation and were more likely to develop neurological manifestations, linking the clinical disease with neuroimmunological features. Anosmia frequently occurs early in the course of COVID-19. The prevalence of anosmia would be influenced by self-diagnosis as well as self-misdiagnosis in patients with COVID-19. Despite this, the association between anosmia and COVID-19 has been a hope for research, aiming to understand the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Studies have suggested differently probable mechanisms for the development of anosmia in COVID-19, including olfactory cleft syndrome, postviral anosmia syndrome, cytokine storm, direct damage of olfactory sensory neurons, and impairment of the olfactory perception center in the brain. Thus, the observation of anosmia would direct us to find the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in the central nervous system, and this is consistent with numerous neurological manifestations related to COVID-19. Like other neurotropic viruses, SARS-CoV-2 might be able to enter the central nervous system via the olfactory epithelium and induce innate immune responses at the site of entry. Viral replication in the nonneural olfactory cells indirectly causes damage to the olfactory receptor nerves, and as a consequence, anosmia occurs. Further studies are required to investigate the neuroimmunology of COVID-19 in relation to anosmia.
Goodness-of-fit test for skew normality based on energy statistics
Authors: Opperman Logan , Ning Wei
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we propose a goodness-of-fit test based on the energy statistic for skew normality. Simulations indicate that
the Type-I error of the proposed test can be controlled reasonably well for given nominal levels. Power comparisons to other existing methods
under different settings show the advantage of the proposed test. Such a test is applied to two real data sets to illustrate the testing procedure.
Accuracy and sensitivity of different Bayesian methods for genomic prediction using simulation and real data
Authors: Foroutaifar Saheb
Published: August 2020

The main objectives of this study were to compare the prediction accuracy of different Bayesian methods for traits with a wide range of genetic architecture using simulation and real data and to assess the sensitivity of these methods to the violation of their assumptions. For the simulation study, different scenarios were implemented based on two traits with low or high heritability and different numbers of QTL and the distribution of their effects. For real data analysis, a German Holstein dataset for milk fat percentage, milk yield, and somatic cell score was used. The simulation results showed that, with the exception of the Bayes R, the other methods were sensitive to changes in the number of QTLs and distribution of QTL effects. Having a distribution of QTL effects, similar to what different Bayesian methods assume for estimating marker effects, did not improve their prediction accuracy. The Bayes B method gave higher or equal accuracy rather than the rest. The real data analysis showed that similar to scenarios with a large number of QTLs in the simulation, there was no difference between the accuracies of the different methods for any of the traits.
On the Gradient Lenition of Spanish Voiced Obstruents: A Look at Onset Clusters
Authors: Tetzloff Katerina A.
Published: August 2020

Spanish voiced obstruents are traditionally described as having a stop allophone [b, d, g] and a lenited allophone [β, ð, ɣ]. Despite this binary classification, acoustic data has shown that this variation is continuous or gradient depending on the preceding linguistic context. The goal of this paper is to investigate how the following linguistic context affects the degree of Spanish voiced obstruent lenition. Specifically, this paper reports an acoustic investigation of Spanish voiced obstruent lenition in onset cluster contexts. Nine native Spanish speakers were recorded reading Spanish-like nonce words that included a singleton voiced obstruent or an onset cluster consisting of a voiced obstruent plus [ɾ] or [l]. The relative intensity and the duration of these segments were measured and compared with linear mixed-effects regressions. In line with past work, the results show that the voiced obstruents are the most lenited in intervocalic contexts. However, Spanish voiced obstruents are significantly less lenited when followed by [ɾ] in a complex onset; when followed by [l] in a complex onset, the degree of lenition is much more variable. These results provide further support for the gradient lenition of Spanish voiced obstruents, rather than a dichotomous distribution of stops versus lenited variants.
Fast maximum likelihood estimation of parameters for square root and Bessel processes
Authors: Fergusson Kevin
Published: August 2020

Explicit formulae for maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of square root processes and Bessel processes and first and second order approximate sufficient statistics are supplied. Applications of the estimation formulae to simulated interest rate and index time series are supplied, demonstrating the accuracy of the approximations and the extreme speed-up in estimation time. This significantly improved run time for parameter estimation has many applications where ex-ante forecasts are required frequently and immediately, such as in hedging interest rate, index and volatility derivatives based on such models, as well as modelling credit risk, mortality rates, population size and voting behaviour.
Learning for infinitely divisible GARCH models in option pricing
Authors: Zhu Fumin , Bianchi Michele Leonardo , Kim Young Shin , Fabozzi Frank J. , Wu Hengyu
Published: August 2020

This paper studies the option valuation problem of non-Gaussian and asymmetric GARCH models from a state-space structure perspective. Assuming innovations following an infinitely divisible distribution, we apply different estimation methods including filtering and learning approaches. We then investigate the performance in pricing S&P 500 index short-term options after obtaining a proper change of measure. We find that the sequential Bayesian learning approach (SBLA) significantly and robustly decreases the option pricing errors. Our theoretical and empirical findings also suggest that, when stock returns are non-Gaussian distributed, their innovations under the risk-neutral measure may present more non-normality, exhibit higher volatility, and have a stronger leverage effect than under the physical measure.
The Role of Civil Society Organisations in the Slovenian Welfare System during the Transition Period after 1990
Authors: Rakar Tatjana , Kolarič Zinka
Published: August 2020

The authors examine the development of the civil society sector in Slovenia and its role in the country’s welfare system. They emphasise the ‘boom’ in the growth of civil society organisations, notably in the legal form of associations during the 1980s and 1990s. They argue that although civil society organisations rapidly proliferated at this time, they did not become more professionalised or financially stable. In the 1990s, a relationship of complementarity between the public/state and civil society sectors was established in Slovenia’s welfare system, though civil society organisations exerted little influence on public policies directed towards the provision of social protection and other contributions to people’s welfare.
A Nation of Joiners. Volunteer Firefighters and Slovenian Nation- and State-Building from Below
Authors: Kladnik Ana
Published: August 2020

Challenging the received view that the Western world is the authentic cradle of associations, with the United States often epitomised as the ‘nation of joiners’, this article interprets voluntary associations in East Central Europe (ECE) as variations from the Western model. New studies on associational life in ECE suggest that well-established theoretical dichotomies like state-non-state or governmental-civil need to be overcome and argue that voluntary associations always actively interacted with the political context and contributed to shaping it. The article revisits these theses by focusing on the role of volunteer fire departments, which in ECE have existed almost uninterruptedly since the mid-19th century. It focuses on the period of double transition in Slovenia around 1990—to a democratic system and to an independent Slovenian state—and argues that the volunteer firefighters were able to negotiate the inevitable changes also because they were recognised as associations of Slovene national substance.
Shifting Resources, Shifting Forms. Spontaneous Solidarity, Virtual Voluntarism and the Legacy of Radne Akcije in Postsocialist Serbia
Authors: Matthiesen Anna
Published: August 2020

Voluntarism is typically understood as action taken by individuals who voluntarily join collectives or take action to contribute in some way to social welfare. Voluntaristic forms vary widely depending on social context; however, a theme in recent sociological work is the possible withering away of voluntary practices in the forms that have previously existed. In this article, the author considers how the legacy of radne akcije, the working campaigns once coordinated by the Yugoslav state, is used to frame recent episodes of voluntarism, including the efforts of volunteers during the 2014 floods in Serbia, and charitable donations via SMS. She argues that previous forms of voluntaristic praxis have been fundamentally transformed following a shift in the fiscal and social resources of the state. However, while novel forms of voluntaristic practice and organization reflect the state’s present neoliberal ethos, participants remain wedded to a rhetoric echoing the past socialist collective dynamic.
Depression im Spitzensport als gesellschaftliche Konstruktion: Beobachtungen aus Sicht der soziologischen Systemtheorie
Authors: Kühnle Felix
Published: August 2020

Die Forschung über Depressionen im Spitzensport wird bislang von Sportpsychologinnen und Sportpsychiatern dominiert. Gesellschaftstheoretische Perspektiven, die über die soziale Konstruiertheit des Gegenstands aufklären, sind demgegenüber deutlich unterrepräsentiert. Unter Rückgriff auf die soziologische Systemtheorie entwickelt der vorliegende Beitrag verschiedene Sichtweisen auf das gesellschaftliche Reden über die Depression im Spitzensport. Auf diesem Weg wird nicht nur der Beobachtungsrelativität des Phänomens Rechnung getragen. Vor allem werden die Unschärfen, blinden Flecken und Reflexionsdefizite offengelegt, die mit dem weitgehenden Fehlen komplex gebauter Theorien im gesellschaftlichen Diskurs über das Thema einhergehen.
Electromechanical modelling of piezoelectric vibration energy harvester with a novel dynamic magnifier
Authors: Kote Suresh , Krishnapillai Shankar , Chandramohan Sujatha
Published: August 2020

In piezoelectric energy harvesting devices, the relative displacement between the two ends of the harvester beam decides the output power from the piezoelectric patch. A novel four bar mechanism with a helical spring is used as a dynamic magnifier to improve the relative displacement and thereby the output power from the harvester. This dynamic magnifier is placed between the base excitation location and the composite harvester beam to form two degrees of freedom (2DOF) piezoelectric energy harvester. Electromechanical coupled analytical equations for the voltage and output power are derived using a lumped electromechanical model. The model is developed assuming linear transverse vibrations of the harvester. A dynamic magnifier is fabricated for the required frequency range and the suitable dimensions of the harvester beam are estimated using commercially available software. Experiments are conducted for base excitation amplitude of 0.05 mm and the performance of the proposed 2DOF harvester is studied for the output voltage and power. The proposed 2DOF harvester has shown 110 % improvement in output power in first mode and 270 % improvement in second mode compared to the conventional single degree of freedom (SDOF) cantilevered harvester for given identical input conditions. The measured frequencies and output power are validated with analytical solutions and are found to be in good agreement. Further, the effect of mass ratio, stiffness ratio and base excitation amplitude on the output voltage and power is investigated using analytical expressions.
TBS preanalytical phase working group survey study – preanalytical phase in coagulation laboratories
Authors: Senes Mehmet , Bercik Inal Berrin , Benli Aksungar Fehime , Cinaroglu Ipek , Eker Pinar , Sonmez Cigdem , Aykal Guzin , Hakligor Aylin , Gumus Alper , Orhan Bagnu , Gucel Funda , Yilmaz Canan , Coskun Cihan , Taneli Fatma , Colak Ayfer , Yucel Dogan
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Preanalytical phase quality, which begins with a request for testing and continues with patient preparation, sample collection, transport, processing and storage, is essential for coagulation tests. The Turkish Biochemical Society Preanalytical Phase Working Group created a survey to evaluate the preanalytical phase practices for coagulation laboratories in our country.

Methods

The survey consisted of a total of 26 questions and included almost all steps of the preanalytical phase.

Results

Fifty-four laboratory specialists have participated in the study. The survey results showed that participants have different practices for most stages of the preanalytical phase for coagulation tests.

Conclusion

According to the survey results, a national guideline may help standardisation of the preanalytical phase for coagulation tests in our country and increasing training in this respect would contribute to achieving accurate test results.
Relationship between renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and serum prolidase enzyme activity
Authors: Eser Baris , Dogan Ibrahim , Komut Erdal , Koyuncu Sumeyra , Aydemir Nihal , Colak Aysel , Akgun Hulya , Kayadibi Huseyin
Published: August 2020

Objectives

The severity of interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IFTA) is the most important determinant of the irreversible progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Prolidase is the key enzyme in collagen turnover and is associated with an extracellular matrix increase. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the presence and degree of IFTA and serum prolidase enzyme activity (SPEA) in patients undergoing a renal biopsy.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 56 patients who underwent a renal biopsy (30 males; mean age 45.3 ± 16.8 years) and also 54 healthy volunteers (21 males; mean age 42.7 ± 8.2 years). IFTA scoring was performed on the basis of percentage of IFTA presence in renal biopsy tissues (1=<10%; 2=10–24%; 3=25–50%; 4=>50%). SPEA was measured by spectrophotometric method.

Results

The proteinuria and SPEA levels of the patients were significantly higher than the controls (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). SPEA decreased significantly when the IFTA score increased (p<0.002). In the correlation analysis, the IFTA score was negatively correlated with SPEA (rs=−0.461, p<0.001), and positively correlated with proteinuria (rs=0.274, p=0.041).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that increased collagen turnover decreases over time concerning the progression of renal fibrosis. Monitoring of SPEA level may useful as a biomarker for early determination of CKD progression and severity.
In vitro assessment of food-derived-glucose bioaccessibility and bioavailability in bicameral cell culture system
Authors: Ozel-Tasci Cansu , Pilatin Gozde , Edeer Ozgur , Gulec Sukru
Published: August 2020

Background

Functional foods can help prevent metabolic diseases, and it is essential to evaluate functional characteristics of foods through in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches.

Objective

We aimed to use the bicameral cell culture system combined with the in vitro digestion to evaluate glucose bioavailability.

Materials and methods

Cake, almond paste, and pudding were modified by adding fiber and replacing sugar with sweeteners and polyols. Digestion process was modeled in test tubes. Rat enterocyte cells (IEC-6) were grown in a bicameral cell culture system to mimic the physiological characteristics of the human intestine. The glucose bioaccessibility and cellular glucose efflux were measured by glucose oxidase assay.

Results and discussion

The glucose bioaccessibilities of modified foods were significantly lower (cake: 2.6 fold, almond paste: 9.2 fold, pudding 2.8 fold) than the controls. Cellular glucose effluxes also decreased in the modified cake, almond paste, and pudding by 2.2, 4, and 2 fold respectively compared to their controls.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that combining in vitro enzymatic digestion with cell culture studies can be a practical way to test in vitro glucose bioaccessibility and bioavailability in functional food development.
HPLC and LC-MS/MS measurement methods for the quantification of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and related metabolites
Authors: Unlu Ali , Eryavuz Onmaz Duygu , Abusoglu Sedat , Abusoglu Gulsum
Published: August 2020

Methyl arginine derivatives such as asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), L-N-monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA) are formed by proteolytic catalysis following methylation of arginine residues in proteins. These metabolites reduce NO production. Methylated arginines are an important biomarker for various diseases such as cardiovascular and renal diseases. Therefore, many methods have been developed to reliably and accurately measure the levels of these metabolites. This review, HPLC and LC-MS/MS methods developed for the measurement of methylarginine derivatives are discussed. In HPLC methods, solid phase extraction, derivatization and subsequent separation by reverse phase chromatography were performed. Since these metabolites are polar, they are difficult to retain in conventional reverse phase columns. In addition, as serum levels of these metabolites are low, sensitivity problems have been observed in HPLC methods. Derivatization has been applied to eliminate these problems. However, there have been problems with the stability of derivatives formed. Another important problem is that the separation of stereoisomer ADMA and SDMA can only be achieved chromatographically. Tandem mass spectrometric methods are accurate, selective, sensitive and rapid since analytes are separated depending on m/z ratios rather than chromatographic separation. Therefore, tandem mass spectrometry methods might be considered as the goal standard for these analytes.
Structural and wavelength dependent optical study of thermally evaporated Cu2Se thin films
Authors: Yadav Brijesh Kumar , Singh Pratima , Yadav Chandreshvar Prasad , Pandey Dharmendra Kumar , Singh Dhananjay
Published: August 2020

The present work encloses structural and optical characterization of copper (I) selenide (Cu2Se) thin films. The films having thickness 85 nm have been deposited using thermal evaporation technique in initial step of work. The structural and morphological studies of deposited thin films are then done by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and surface profilometer measurements. Later on, ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-VIS-NIR) spectrophotometer and Raman spectroscopic measurements are performed for optical characterization of films. The structure and morphology measurements reveal that deposited material of films is crystalline. The optical band gap estimated from the optical transmission spectra of the film has been found 1.90 eV. The mean values of refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary dielectric constant are received 3.035, 0.594, 9.623, and 3.598, respectively. The obtained results are compared and analyzed for justification and application of Cu2Se thin films.
La conquista de la Glorieta de Insurgentes de la Ciudad de México
Authors: García José Ignacio Lanzagorta
Published: August 2020

La Glorieta de Insurgentes –una importante plaza y estación de metro de la ciudad de México– es punto de sociabilidad para diferentes sujetos marginados, entre ellos grupos de personas LGBT+. En este ensayo analizo la relación entre la producción social de este lugar, las sociabilidades que ahí surgieron y el proceso de gentrificación actual en la zona que buscan expulsar a estas poblaciones. La discusión se centra en las formas en que la aparición pública –quién puede y quién no puede ser visto en el espacio público– se conducen como un proceso de place making, entendido como un proceso abierto, participativo y de disputa en la producción y mantenimiento de espacios públicos. El artículo analiza algunas de las disputas alrededor de esta glorieta, mostrando cómo las trasgresiones al orden de género, clase e identidad sexual pueden ser marginadas, negociadas o segregadas a ciertos espacios donde se toleran o incluso se aprovechan comercialmente.
A Sentimental and Sexual Education
Authors: Rubenstein Anne
Published: August 2020

Alongside all the other functions of movie theaters over the past century, in Mexico City men have used them as sexual spaces. A few cinemas like the Cine Teresa became notorious as sites in which men could find male sex partners. Yet even there, behaviors of and narratives by men who had sex with men mirrored those by men who had sex with women. This article focuses on the history of masculine sexuality in Mexico City movie houses from 1920 to 2010. The presence of women in these houses, either as workers, on the screen, or in men’s memories, along with the presence of men who went there to watch heterosexual sex on the movie screen, suggests that moviegoing in Mexico City can be analyzed through the lens of gender history as much as through that of the history of sexuality. Despite major social, cultural and technological changes over the twentieth century, examining movie audiences in terms of the histories of sexuality and gender reveals a startling amount of continuity in movie theaters as spaces of male sexuality.
Women, Sex, and the 1950s Acción Católica’s Campaña Nacional de Moralización del Ambiente
Authors: Sanders Nichole
Published: August 2020

This article examines how some Catholic women, through their participation in an Acción Católica campaign, protested what they believed was the immoral nature of an expanding consumer culture: the movies, magazines, fashions, and comic books that inundated Mexico—particularly Mexico City—in the 1950s. Through this campaign, these women sought to construct an ideal form of Catholic womanhood that was both modern and moral—one that embraced modesty and sexual purity as a way for Mexico to modernize and progress. While the campaign had its roots in papal directives and was part of transnational discourses about morality, the Mexican women who participated saw their actions, nevertheless, in nationalistic terms. A modern Mexico, they argued, needed to have a strong moral base in order to be economically and politically successful; thus the morality they espoused centered on constraining women’s sexual expression.
Rojos y maricones
Authors: Hammeken Luis de Pablo
Published: August 2020

Este ensayo analiza las experiencias de exilio de Adolfo Salazar y Miguel de Molina, dos hombres homosexuales que se vieron forzados a abandonar España para escapar de la violencia de la Guerra Civil (1936–39) y de la intolerancia del franquismo y buscar refugio en la ciudad de México con el fin de rehacer sus vidas y carreras profesionales, cada uno tomando caminos diferentes. El objetivo de este artículo es brindar un primer acercamiento a una dimensión de la vida de algunos refugiados españoles que hasta ahora ha sido escasamente estudiada, a saber: su identidad sexual. El artículo muestra que, como exiliados, la identidad sexual fue un elemento central a la hora de construir o reconstruir redes de sociabilidad en la sociedad receptora, un factor determinante para el éxito o fracaso de sus experiencias profesionales individuales.
Limits on the Press and Civil Society during the Maximato
Authors: Fallaw Ben
Published: August 2020

In October 1931, Governor Bartolomé García Correa and Socialist Party activists violently closed Carlos R. Menéndez’s Diario de Yucatán for being reactionary. Defenders of the Diario denounced the governor for illegally silencing the voice of what today we would understand to be civil society. After a seventeen-month struggle in the courts, the national press, and in Mexico City’s bureaucracy, Menéndez prevailed. This article closely examines the conflict, using regional and national archives and abundant contemporary press coverage, paying careful attention to discursive expression of socioethnic inequalities. It reveals significant limits on the regional independent press and the concept of civil society during the formative period in postrevolutionary Mexico known as the Maximato (the 1928–35 era dominated by Plutarco Elías Calles as hyperexecutive or Jefe Máximo). During the Maximato, the postrevolutionary state employed authoritarian measures to centralize power. The Maximato state, however, could not govern without acknowledging both the Constitution of 1917’s classical liberal civil rights, such as freedom of the press and guarantees of associational life, and the revolutionary political legacy of popular action against “reaction.” In the Yucatecan case, the muzzling of the regional independent press was not simply top-down illiberalism. Yucatecan socialists believed it would help create a more egalitarian and inclusive socio-political order to supplant civil society. The Diario’s exclusivist definition of civil society and the national press’s personal attacks on García Correa reflected widespread beliefs that people of indigenous and African descent were incapable of taking part in civic life. While Menéndez eventually prevailed in the courts, it was due more to his economic and cultural capital and prominent Mexico City allies than to legal protections for press freedom or civil-society resistance. The case helps us to understand how the latter two varied so significantly over place and time in postrevolutionary Mexico, and why Tocquevillian notions of civil society require careful qualification when applied to poor, overwhelmingly indigenous regions of Mexico.
Factors associated to the human papillomavirus in women with cervical cancer
Authors: Guedes Daiany Helena Stein , Fiorin Bruno Henrique , Santos Marcos Vinicius Ferreira dos , Viana Kátia Cirlene Gomes , Portugal Flávia Batista , Silva Renan Alves
Published: August 2020

Objective: to analyze the factors associated with the human papillomavirus as related to cervical cancer. Methods: cross-sectional study carried out using secondary data from 75 medical records. The chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests were used, considering papillomavirus infections as an outcome. Odds ratio were used to measure the effect, and the level of significance adopted was 5%. Results: the characteristics associated to the infection by the papillomavirus were: being 24 years old or younger (odds ratio=19.11; p=0.001), having finished high school or higher education (odds ratio=4.06; p=0.031), having multiple sex partners (odds ratio=5.50; p=0.028), and having not gone through menopause (p=0.009). Conclusion: sexual behavior and socioeconomic issues are related to cervical cancer as associated with the papillomavirus infection.
Practice of obstetric nurses in humanized childbirth care in a high-risk maternity
Authors: Monteiro Alessandra Sousa , Martins Elizyanne Mendes , Pereira Lívia Carvalho , Freitas Jailson de Castro , Silva Raimunda Magalhães da , Jorge Herla Maria Furtado
Published: August 2020

Objective: to understand the practice of obstetric nurses in childbirth care for high-risk pregnant women. Methods: a qualitative study, with seven obstetric nurses that attend high-risk pregnant women. The data collection took place using semi-structured interviews that were submitted to content analysis for data treatment. Results: it has been evident that nurses knew, performed, and encouraged good practices during care, but identified factors that prevented the development of these practices in an acceptable way. They reported on the reasons for these practices and the dissatisfaction met in the course of their work. Conclusion: the enrolled nurses were motivated and showed interests in humanized practices, but were unpleased with the distinct challenges met, such as outdated professionals and the service’s organizational structure.
Compliance with the Cesarean Surgical Safety Checklis
Authors: Boeckmann Lara Mabelle Milfont , Rodrigues Maria Cristina Soares , Oliveira Cesar Messias de
Published: August 2020

Objective: to verify compliance with the procedures of health teams in cesarean surgery. Methods: cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study, performed in an Obstetric Center of a public hospital, with 220 cesarean surgeries. The Tukey test and the Analysis of Variance were used, considering a significance of 5%. Results: the mean age of the patients was 28.8 years (± 6.06). The main indications for cesarean surgery were: fetal distress (12.8%), gestational diabetes (9.5%), interactivity (9.2%), previous cesarean surgery (8.2%) and severe pre-eclampsia (5.9 %). There was an absence of unified conduct and incipient communication among professionals. The compliance rates of the teams’ compliance with the items in the Checklist for Dimensions A, B and C were, respectively, 36.0%, 11.1% and 50.0%. Conclusion: there was a low compliance of teams to surgical safety procedures in cesarean surgeries.
Pressure ulcers in individuals with spinal cord injury: risk factors in neurological rehabilitation
Authors: Silva Janaina Barbosa da , Rodrigues Maria Cristina Soares
Published: August 2020

Objective: to identify risk factors for the occurrence of pressure ulcers in adult individuals with spinal cord injuries in neurological rehabilitation. Methods: integrative review of studies published in the bases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences. Results: 308 studies were found, with six articles selected, based on pre-established inclusion criteria. The number of risk factors found was similar during and after neurological rehabilitation. Conclusion: the risk factors found for the occurrence of pressure ulcers during and after neurological rehabilitation, were related to sociodemographic conditions, the spinal cord injury itself, associated with clinical condition and behavior. With the exception of complete injury and a history of pressure ulcers, risk factors varied during and after rehabilitation stages.
Der finale Entwurf einer Verordnung über Europäische Schwarmfinanzierungsdienstleister (ECSP-VO) – Anwendungsbereich und Regelungsüberblick
Authors: Rusch Konrad
Published: August 2020

Dieser Beitrag analysiert den am 8. 7. 2020 in deutscher amtlicher Übersetzung erschienenen, finalen Entwurf einer Verordnung über Europäische Schwarmfinanzierungsdienstleister und klärt zentrale Fragen ihres Anwendungsbereiches vor dem Hintergrund bereits etablierter Schwarmfinanzierungsmodelle.
ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ФІНАНСОВОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ І СТАЛИЙ РОЗВИТОК НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ
Authors: ЄФИМЕНКО Тетяна
Published: August 2020

В умовах глобальних викликів дестабілізації вкрай актуальним постає спрямування управлінських дій усіх гілок влади на реалізацію антикризових програм з урахуванням особливостей рівнів регулювання та конкретних секторів економіки. Своєчасна підтримка конструктивних ініціатив щодо комплексного вирішення проблем їх розроблення та впровадження має забезпечуватися не тільки в інституціональному, а й у ресурсному і фінансовому вимірах. У контексті євроінтеграційних процесів, на тлі непередбачуваних перспектив глобального розвитку, вдосконалення управління державними і міжнародними фінансами вимагає створення інноваційних знань, розроблення адекватних пропозицій щодо внесення відповідних змін до наявних регулятивних, поведінкових норм і правил.Метою статті є обґрунтування напрямів скоординованих трансформацій у сфері державного фінансового управління, його фіскальної та монетарної складових з урахуванням тенденцій глобальної фінансіалізації, а також загроз рецесії національної економіки. Застосовано інституціональний підхід і методи наукового аналізу: емпіричний, статистичний, порівняльний, ретроспективний, а також логічні та інші методи, зокрема, з використанням експертних оцінок.Процеси подолання фінансово-економічних збоїв зазвичай призводять до накопичення майбутніх боргових зобов’язань, що негативно позначається на фінансово-економічному стані держав з ринками, що формуються, до яких належить і Україна. Сучасній кризі, порівняно з попередніми, властивий високий рівень невизначеності, що руйнує мотивацію інвестиційної активності як урядів, так і суб’єктів підприємництва й домогосподарств. Стратегічний вектор еволюційної діяльності органів влади, з одного боку, має орієнтуватися на зміни в ринковому середовищі, а з іншого –– інспірувати за допомогою регуляторних підойм постійне відтворення партнерських відносин між економічними агентами, стимулюючи їх докладати зусиль до піднесення добробуту громадян. Розбудову підходів щодо ідентифікації та об’єднання спільних інтересів держави і приватного сектору у фіскальних відносинах слід проводити на засадах взаєморозуміння й активного діалогу.
New analytical method for solving nonlinear time-fractional reaction-diffusion-convection problems
Authors: Khalouta Ali , Kadem Abdelouahab
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we propose a new analytical method called generalized Taylor fractional series method (GTFSM) for solving nonlinear timefractional reaction-diffusion-convection initial value problems. Our obtained results are given in the form of a new theorem. The advantage of the proposed method compared with the existing methods is, that method solves the nonlinear problems without using linearization and any other restriction. The accuracy and efficiency of the method is tested by means of two numerical examples. Obtained results interpret that the proposed method is very effective and simple for solving different types of nonlinear fractional problems.
Completion of premetric spaces
Authors: Quintero José Andrés , Uzcátegui Carlos Enrique
Published: August 2020

We study the concept of a premetric space introduced by F. Richman in the context of constructive mathematics, and present a method for completing them.