bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Steady laminar flow in a 90° bend
Authors: Pantokratoras Asterios
Published: September 2016

This research undertook an assessment of the characteristics of laminar flow in a 90° bend. The research utilised the computational fluid dynamics software tool ANSYS Fluent, adopting a finite volume method. The study focused on pressure decreases, velocity profiles, Dean vortices and Dean cells present in the bend. The results indicated that the Dean vortices first appear slightly at the bend, take a clear form at the exit pipe and disappear further downstream. This article contains also an original chart for determining the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor, while the areas of pipe where Dean vortices and Dean cells formed are presented in a bifurcation diagram.
Complications of Intra-articular Calcaneal Fractures in Adults
Authors: Koutserimpas Christos , Magarakis George , Kastanis Grigoris , Kontakis George , Alpantaki Kalliopi
Published: September 2016

Calcaneal fractures are complex injuries with high complication rates and they can lead to serious disability. The proper management remains controversial and complications may occur regardless of the chosen type of treatment (operative or nonoperative). The present article reviews the studies that are related to the complications of calcaneal fractures. The incidence, the diagnosis, the prevention and the treatment of these complications were researched and analyzed, with the use of PubMed database, abstracts and original articles in English than investigate the etiology. The aim of the article is to discuss the most suitable management of the complications of calcaneal fractures and recommend a specific treatment as well as prevention methods.

Levels of Evidence: Level IV
Effect of sialidase fusion protein (DAS 181) on human metapneumovirus infection of Hep-2 cells
Authors: Thammawat Sutthiwan , Sadlon Tania A , Adamson Penelope , Gordon David L
Published: September 2016

Human metapneumovirus is an emerging cause of lower respiratory disease in infants, young children, and immunocompromised adults. We have previously demonstrated that human metapneumovirus infection is mediated by interaction of human metapneumovirus attachment (G) and/or fusion (F) proteins with cellular glycosaminoglycans. We report here the activity of an investigational sialidase fusion protein, DAS181, on human metapneumovirus infection of Hep-2 cells. These results suggest that human metapneumovirus infection may involve sialic acids, providing a new therapeutic strategy for human metapneumovirus for which there is currently no available treatment.

Methods

Hep-2 cells were preincubated with DAS181 or control DAS185 (a mutated sialidase) prior to inoculation with human metapneumovirus strains. Infectivity was assessed by a cell-based ELISA quantitating human metapneumovirus matrix protein. The effect of DAS181 on binding of recombinant G attachment protein was also determined.

Results

DAS181 blocked infection of human metapneumovirus strains A2, B1, and B2 at low concentrations. No effect of DAS185 was observed. Binding of MPV G protein to Hep-2 cells was also markedly inhibited by preincubation of cells with DAS181.

Conclusions

These results suggest that human metapneumovirus may utilize sialic acids as an entry cofactor. DAS181 may thus represent a new therapeutic agent useful for the treatment of human metapneumovirus.
Love at first swipe? Explaining Tinder self-presentation and motives
Authors: Ranzini Giulia , Lutz Christoph
Published: September 2016

The emergence of location-based real-time dating (LBRTD) apps such as Tinder has introduced a new way for users to get to know potential partners nearby. The design of the apps represents a departure from “old-school” dating sites as it relies on the affordances of mobile media. This might change the way individuals portray themselves as their authentic or deceptive self. Based on survey data collected via Mechanical Turk and using structural equation modeling, we assess how Tinder users present themselves, exploring at the same time the impact of their personality characteristics, their demographics, and their motives of use. We find that self-esteem is the most important psychological predictor, fostering real self-presentation but decreasing deceptive self-presentation. The motives of use—hooking up/sex, friendship, relationship, traveling, self-validation, and entertainment—also affect the two forms of self-presentation. Demographic characteristics and psychological antecedents influence the motives for using Tinder, with gender differences being especially pronounced. Women use Tinder more for friendship and self-validation, while men use it more for hooking up/sex, traveling, and relationship seeking. We put the findings into context, discuss the limitations of our approach and provide avenues for future research into the topic.
Comparing the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in the community and in the hospital setting for urinary calculi: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Westergreen-Thorne Mathew , Lee Sook Yan , Babawale Kunle , Lovegrove Catherine , Brewer John , Shrotri Nitin
Published: September 2016

Objective:

The objective of this article is to test whether there is a significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between hospital and community-based ultrasound (US) for the detection of urinary calculi in the United Kingdom (UK).

Materials and methods:

A 30-month, single-blind, retrospective cohort study of all patients referred to Kent and Canterbury Hospital urology multidisciplinary meeting for suspected urinary calculi was conducted. Only those investigated with US and non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT, the gold standard) for their calculi were included. Concordance of US and NCCT was stratified by US location: i.e. either the hospital or community setting (e.g. the latter via general practitioners (GPs) or independent radiographers). Fisher’s exact test was subsequently utilised to test for any significant difference between these two patient groups.

Results:

Of 2464 patients referred, 257 had both ultrasound and NCCT in their diagnostic workup. Of these, 150 and 107 patients had their US performed in hospital and community settings, respectively. No significant difference in the accuracy of US was detected between the two groups for the detection of urinary calculi when compared with NCCT.

Conclusion:

US carried out by independent radiographers and GPs in the community is just as accurate as US carried out by hospital sonographers for the detection of urinary calculi in the UK. Greater use of community US for the diagnosis of urinary calculi may promote greater patient/GP satisfaction and reduce hospital attendance without loss of diagnostic accuracy.
Could a potential Anthropocene mass extinction define a new geological period?
Authors: Bacon Karen L , Swindles Graeme T
Published: September 2016

A key aspect of the current debate about the Anthropocene focuses on defining a new geological epoch. Features of the Anthropocene include a biodiversity crisis with the potential to reach ‘mass extinction’ status alongside increasing global CO2 and temperature. Previous geological boundaries associated with mass extinctions, rises in atmospheric CO2 and rises in global temperature are more usually associated with transitions between geological periods. The current rapid increase in species extinctions suggest that a new mass extinction event is most likely imminent in the near-term future. Although CO2 levels are currently low in comparison with the rest of the Phanerozoic, they are rising rapidly along with global temperatures. This suggests that defining the Anthropocene as a new geological period, rather than a new epoch, may be more consistent with previous geological boundaries in the Phanerozoic.
Chronic Disease Self-Management and Behavior Change Attitudes in Older Adults
Authors: Sell Kimberly A. , Amella Elaine J. , Mueller Martina , Andrews Jeannette , Wachs Joy
Published: September 2016

The population of older adults with chronic disease is increasing, yet little is known about their perception of chronic disease and self-management. To develop successful and sustainable chronic disease self-management interventions in the older adult population, health care providers must first understand older adults’ attitudes toward health status and behavior change. This pilot study was conducted to determine the feasibility of the study design. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the appropriateness of using a mixed-methods research design to investigate Appalachian older adult’s attitude toward the chronic disease experience and health behavior change. A convergent, parallel mixed-method design included a quantitative questionnaire and qualitative focus groups in churches in northeast Tennessee. The aim of the study was met, and the methodology of the study was found to be feasible for larger studies. Divergence of data was found when evaluating qualitative and quantitative data. The study instrument was found to be reliable for future use. The implications of the results suggest that the study design is appropriate for the purpose of the study.
Unusual Presentation of Central Diabetes Insipidus in a Patient With Neurosarcoidosis
Authors: Sanghi Vedha , Kapoor Aanchal
Published: September 2016

Hypernatremia is a frequent cause of intensive care unit admission. The patient presented in this article had hypernatremia refractory to D5W (dextrose 5% water) therapy, which led to a complex investigation. Workup revealed central diabetes insipidus most likely secondary to flare up of neurosarcoidosis. The challenge in terms of diagnosis was a presentation with low urine output in the setting of hypernatremia resistant to treatment with desmopressin. This case unfolded the role of hypothyroidism causing secondary renal dysfunction and hence needed continued treatment with thyroxine in addition to treatment for hypernatremia.
The Relationship of Social Support and Neighborhood Perceptions among Individuals with HIV
Authors: Shacham Enbal , López Julia D. , Önen Nur F. , Overton Edgar T.
Published: September 2016

Social support has been noted to improve health outcomes for individuals with HIV. Understanding how neighborhoods contribute to feelings of social support is beneficial to create environments where populations with HIV can be supported. This study assessed the relationship between neighborhood perceptions and social support with HIV management. A total of 201 individuals were recruited; individuals with HIV, 18 years or older, who were eligible to participate in the 2-hour interview. Psychiatric diagnostic interviews were conducted alongside assessments of social support and neighborhood perceptions; biomedical markers were abstracted from medical records. Correlations and linear regression analyses were performed to assess relationships between social support and neighborhood perceptions with HIV management biomarkers. The majority of the sample was male (68.8%) and African American (72.3%), with a mean age of 43.1 years. Overall, 78% were receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) prescriptions, with 69% being virally suppressed. Fear of neighborhood activities was independently associated with receiving current cART. Reports of social support and neighborhood perceptions were highly correlated. Findings suggest that supportive home environments likely would improve perceptions of social support.
GeneSCF: a real-time based functional enrichment tool with support for multiple organisms
Authors: Subhash Santhilal , Kanduri Chandrasekhar
Published: September 2016

Background

High-throughput technologies such as ChIP-sequencing, RNA-sequencing, DNA sequencing and quantitative metabolomics generate a huge volume of data. Researchers often rely on functional enrichment tools to interpret the biological significance of the affected genes from these high-throughput studies. However, currently available functional enrichment tools need to be updated frequently to adapt to new entries from the functional database repositories. Hence there is a need for a simplified tool that can perform functional enrichment analysis by using updated information directly from the source databases such as KEGG, Reactome or Gene Ontology etc.

Results

In this study, we focused on designing a command-line tool called GeneSCF (Gene Set Clustering based on Functional annotations), that can predict the functionally relevant biological information for a set of genes in a real-time updated manner. It is designed to handle information from more than 4000 organisms from freely available prominent functional databases like KEGG, Reactome and Gene Ontology. We successfully employed our tool on two of published datasets to predict the biologically relevant functional information. The core features of this tool were tested on Linux machines without the need for installation of more dependencies.

Conclusions

GeneSCF is more reliable compared to other enrichment tools because of its ability to use reference functional databases in real-time to perform enrichment analysis. It is an easy-to-integrate tool with other pipelines available for downstream analysis of high-throughput data. More importantly, GeneSCF can run multiple gene lists simultaneously on different organisms thereby saving time for the users. Since the tool is designed to be ready-to-use, there is no need for any complex compilation and installation procedures.
Human fetal mesenchymal stem cell secretome enhances bone consolidation in distraction osteogenesis
Authors: Xu Jia , Wang Bin , Sun Yuxin , Wu Tianyi , Liu Yang , Zhang Jinfang , Lee Wayne Yukwai , Pan Xiaohua , Chai Yimin , Li Gang
Published: September 2016

Background

Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is one of the most dramatic reconstructive techniques for inducing bone regeneration, but it involves an undesirably long period for bone consolidation. Developing innovative approaches to enhance bone consolidation is a burning need. Human fetal mesenchymal stem cells (hFMSCs) have been shown to express more primitive developmental genes than those of human adult mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs), which is a preferable source for cell therapy and tissue regeneration. In the present study, we investigated the immunogenicity of using the human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) secretome on rat cells, the effects of secretome on osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived MSCs (rBMSCs), and the potential application of hFMSC secretome in promoting bone consolidation in a rat DO model.

Methods

Secretome was collected from MSC culture and was used to treat rBMSCs. Following secretome treatment, cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase staining, Alizarin Red S staining, and mRNA expression of osteogenic differentiation-related genes (including ALP, Runx2, OCN, OPN, and Osx) in the rBMSCs were checked, as well as mixed rat peripheral blood lymphocyte reaction. hFMSC secretome was injected locally into the regenerates from the end of lengthening every 3 days in the rat DO model, until termination. The regenerates were subject to weekly x-rays, micro-computed tomography (μCT) and mechanical testing examination. The bone quality was assessed by histology and immunohistochemistry examinations.

Results

Compared to the secretome from rBMSCs and hAMSCs, hFMSC secretome had the best osteogenic induction ability and low immunogenicity. hFMSC secretome with different doses showed no effect on cell viability. hFMSC secretome at the dose of 100 μg/μl could significantly increase the expression of alkaline phosphatase and all the osteogenic marker genes, as well as the amount of calcium deposits in the rBMSCs. Finally, the local application of hFMSC secretome in distraction regenerates in a rat DO model significantly improved bone consolidation according to the results of μCT, mechanical test, and histological and immunohistochemistry analysis.

Conclusions

The current study demonstrated that hFMSC secretome promotes osteogenesis of rBMSCs and bone consolidation during DO. hFMSC secretome may be a new therapeutic strategy to enhance bone consolidation in patients undergoing DO treatment.
Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Solid Tumors
Authors: LoRusso Patricia Mucci
Published: September 2016

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway plays an integral role in many cellular processes and is frequently altered in cancer, contributing to tumor growth and survival. Small molecule inhibitors have been developed that target the three major nodes of this pathway: PI3K, AKT, and mammalian target of rapamycin. However, because oncogenic PI3K pathway activation is achieved in diverse, potentially redundant ways, the clinical efficacy of these inhibitors as monotherapies has, so far, been limited, despite demonstrating promising preclinical activity. Moreover, pathway activation is associated with resistance to other therapies; thus, in combination, PI3K pathway inhibitors could restore therapeutic sensitivity to these agents. To maximize therapeutic benefit, drug combinations and schedules must be explored to identify those with the highest efficacy and lowest toxicity overlap. In addition, defining appropriate patient subpopulations, for both monotherapy and drug combinations, will be important. However, identifying predictive biomarkers remains a challenge.
Decisional Regret Among Parents of Children With Cancer
Authors: Mack Jennifer W. , Cronin Angel M. , Kang Tammy I.
Published: September 2016

Purpose

Decision making is one of the ways in which parents serve as stewards of their children with cancer, but barriers to informed decision making among parents of children with cancer have been identified. We sought to evaluate the extent to which parents feel satisfied with, or regretful of, decisions made for their child’s cancer treatment and to identify factors associated with heightened regret.

Methods

We surveyed 346 parents of children with cancer within 12 weeks of their initial cancer treatment decision and the children’s physicians at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children’s Hospital and the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Our main outcome measure was heightened regret as measured by the Decisional Regret Scale.

Results

Sixteen percent of parents (N = 54) met our definition of heightened decisional regret. In a multivariable logistic regression model, race/ethnicity was associated with regret, with black (odds ratio [OR], 6.55; 95% CI, 2.30 to 18.7), Hispanic (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, .69 to 6.65), and other race parents (OR, 4.68; 95% CI, 1.58 to 13.8) at increased risk for regret relative to whites ( P = .001 across all categories). In contrast, parents who reported receiving high-quality information (OR, .45; 95% CI, .23 to .91; P = .03) and detailed prognostic information (OR, .48; 95% CI, .24 to .96; P = .04), who trusted the oncologist completely (OR, .32; 95% CI, .17 to .63; P = .001), and who held their ideal role in decision making (OR, .49; 95% CI, .25 to .95; P = .04) were less likely to experience regret.

Conclusion

Although many parents are satisfied with decisions made for their children with cancer, racial and ethnic minority parents are at heightened risk for regret. Clinicians may be able to reduce this risk by providing high-quality information, including prognostic information, involving parents in decision making in the ways they wish, and serving as trusted providers.
The Early Days of English Political Economy (1911)
Authors: Hilferding Rudolf
Published: September 2016

An English translation of a 1911 article in German on English political economy written by Rudolf Hilferding.
From the Treatise on Money to The General Theory: John Maynard Keynes's Departure from the Doctrine of Forced Saving
Authors: Wong Ho-Po Crystal
Published: September 2016

I examine John Maynard Keynes's struggle with the doctrine of forced saving during the period 1924–36, from when he worked on the Treatise on Money to the completion of his General Theory. I investigate what led Keynes to completely abolish ideas related to forced saving and how his new formulation was affected by this struggle. I argue that the forced saving thesis is inherently inconsistent with his Fundamental Equations, and the change in the equilibrating mechanism from price to output proposed by Ralph Hawtrey enabled Keynes to completely abolish this notion from his monetary theory.
Developing a ‘thick skin’: a paradoxical role for mechanical tension in maintaining epidermal integrity?
Authors: Galletti Roberta , Verger Stéphane , Hamant Olivier , Ingram Gwyneth C.
Published: September 2016

Plant aerial epidermal tissues, like animal epithelia, act as load-bearing layers and hence play pivotal roles in development. The presence of tension in the epidermis has morphogenetic implications for organ shapes but it also constantly threatens the integrity of this tissue. Here, we explore the multi-scale relationship between tension and cell adhesion in the plant epidermis, and we examine how tensile stress perception may act as a regulatory input to preserve epidermal tissue integrity and thus normal morphogenesis. From this, we identify parallels between plant epidermal and animal epithelial tissues and highlight a list of unexplored questions for future research.
Enhancing crop yield by optimizing plant developmental features
Authors: Mathan Jyotirmaya , Bhattacharya Juhi , Ranjan Aashish
Published: September 2016

A number of plant features and traits, such as overall plant architecture, leaf structure and morphological features, vascular architecture and flowering time are important determinants of photosynthetic efficiency and hence the overall performance of crop plants. The optimization of such developmental traits thus has great potential to increase biomass and crop yield. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of these developmental traits in crop plants, summarizing their genetic regulation and highlighting the potential of manipulating these traits for crop improvement. We also briefly review the effects of domestication on the developmental features of crop plants. Finally, we discuss the potential of functional genomics-based approaches to optimize plant developmental traits to increase yield.
Fruit shape diversity in the Brassicaceae is generated by varying patterns of anisotropy
Authors: Eldridge Tilly , Łangowski Łukasz , Stacey Nicola , Jantzen Friederike , Moubayidin Laila , Sicard Adrien , Southam Paul , Kennaway Richard , Lenhard Michael , Coen Enrico S. , Østergaard Lars
Published: September 2016

Fruits exhibit a vast array of different 3D shapes, from simple spheres and cylinders to more complex curved forms; however, the mechanism by which growth is oriented and coordinated to generate this diversity of forms is unclear. Here, we compare the growth patterns and orientations for two very different fruit shapes in the Brassicaceae: the heart-shaped Capsella rubella silicle and the near-cylindrical Arabidopsis thaliana silique. We show, through a combination of clonal and morphological analyses, that the different shapes involve different patterns of anisotropic growth during three phases. These experimental data can be accounted for by a tissue-level model in which specified growth rates vary in space and time and are oriented by a proximodistal polarity field. The resulting tissue conflicts lead to deformation of the tissue as it grows. The model allows us to identify tissue-specific and temporally specific activities required to obtain the individual shapes. One such activity may be provided by the valve-identity gene FRUITFULL, which we show through comparative mutant analysis to modulate fruit shape during post-fertilisation growth of both species. Simple modulations of the model presented here can also broadly account for the variety of shapes in other Brassicaceae species, thus providing a simplified framework for fruit development and shape diversity.
Ian Sussex: simple tools, clever experiments and new insights into plant development
Authors: Poethig R. Scott
Published: September 2016

Ian Sussex, who began his career at a time when the most powerful tool available to plant developmental biologists was a scalpel, helped transform the discipline of plant developmental biology into the dynamic, sophisticated field that it is today. He did this through his own research, through an influential book that he wrote with his friend and colleague Taylor Steeves, and through his many students and post-doctoral fellows, to whom he gave the greatest gift a scientist can receive – the freedom to do whatever they wanted.
Plant development: a Special Issue
Authors: Leyser Ottoline
Published: September 2016

Summary: In this Editorial, Ottoline Leyser introduces this Special Issue focusing on plant developmental biology, which is published in honour of Ian Sussex – a founding father of the field.
Stress and food deprivation: linking physiological state to migration success in a teleost fish
Authors: Midwood J. D. , Larsen M. H. , Aarestrup K. , Cooke S. J.
Published: September 2016

Food deprivation (FD) is a naturally occurring stressor that is thought to influence the ultimate life-history strategy of individuals. Little is known about how FD interacts with other stressors to influence migration success. European populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta) exhibit partial migration, whereby a portion of the population smoltifies and migrates to the ocean, and the rest remain in their natal stream. This distinct, natural dichotomy of life-history strategies provides an excellent opportunity to explore the roles of energetic state (as affected by FD) and activation of the glucocorticoid stress response in determining life-history strategy and survival of a migratory species. Using an experimental approach, the relative influences of short-term FD and experimental cortisol elevation (i.e., intra-coelomic injection of cortisol suspended in cocoa butter) on migratory status, survival, and growth of juvenile brown trout relative to a control were evaluated. Fewer fish migrated in both the FD and cortisol treatments; however, migration of cortisol and control treatments occurred at the same time while the FD treatment was delayed for approximately one week. A significantly greater proportion of trout in the FD treatment remained in their natal stream, but unlike the cortisol treatment, there were no long-term negative effects of FD on growth, relative to the control. Overall survival rates were comparable between the FD and control treatments, but significantly lower for the cortisol treatment. Food availability and individual energetic state appear to dictate the future life-history strategy (migrate or remain resident) of juvenile salmonids while experimental elevation of the stress hormone cortisol caused impaired growth and reduced survival of both resident and migratory individuals.
Etiological Foundation for Practical Strategies to Prevent Exercise-Related Foot Blisters
Authors: Hoffman Martin D.
Published: September 2016

This work outlines the etiological factors for exercise-related foot blisters and the pertinent prevention strategies related to these causes. Blisters result from shear forces within the epidermis causing cell necrosis. The extent of skin shear is influenced by friction at the skin and other interfaces, various skin characteristics, bony movement, and the shear modulus of the foot ware. The number of shear cycles is another factor in the development of blisters. Key preventative strategies include limiting the number of shear cycles, avoiding moisture and particulate accumulation next to the skin, frequent use of skin lubricants, elimination of pressure points through proper fitting and broken in shoes and callous removal, use of low shear modulus insoles, and induction of skin adaptations through proper training. Other methods requiring further research, but with theoretical support, include the use of taping and low friction patches over high-friction areas, and double-layered or toe socks.
Heterogeneous structures formed by conserved RNA sequences within the HIV reverse transcription initiation site
Authors: Coey Aaron , Larsen Kevin , Puglisi Joseph D. , Viani Puglisi Elisabetta
Published: September 2016

Reverse transcription is a key process in the early steps of HIV infection. This process initiates within a specific complex formed by the 5′ UTR of the HIV genomic RNA (vRNA) and a host primer tRNALys3. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy, we detect two distinct conformers adopted by the tRNA/vRNA initiation complex. We directly show that an interaction between the conserved 8-nucleotide viral RNA primer activation signal (PAS) and the primer tRNA occurs in one of these conformers. This intermolecular PAS interaction likely induces strain on a vRNA intramolecular helix, which must be broken for reverse transcription to initiate. We propose a mechanism by which this vRNA/tRNA conformer relieves the kinetic block formed by the vRNA intramolecular helix to initiate reverse transcription.
When electroconvulsive therapy fails: cognitive– behavioral therapy in treatment-resistant bipolar depression. A case report
Authors: LOO JIANN LIN , ABDUL SAMAD FARAH DEENA , SIDI HATTA , THAMBU MANIAM
Published: September 2016

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the standard treatments for treatment resistant bipolar depression (TRBD). There is limited literature on the role cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in TRBD patient who fails to respond to ECT.
Aim: To report a case of patient achieving full functional recovery with CBT in combination with pharmacotherapy after failing to respond to ECT.
Method: Case report.
Results: A 45 year-old male with diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, and bipolar II disorder presented with a third recurrence of depressive episode. In view of poor response to the combination pharmacotherapy of escitalopram 20 mg daily, mirtazapine 30 mg daily, sodium valproate Chrono 500 mg daily, and quetiapine XR 400 mg daily, TRBD was diagnosed and a full course of ECT was given. However, the patient did not respond to ECT. Twenty sessions of CBT were then given in combination with pharmacotherapy and the patient achieved full functional recovery.
Discussion: To date there is still a lack of consensus on both the diagnostic criteria of TRBD and the evidence based guideline for the treatment of TRBD. Adjunctive modafinil, pramipexole, tranylcypromine, and vagus nerve stimulation have been tried but the response rate is variable. Family-focused treatment, group psychoeducation, and interpersonal and social rhythm therapy have been tried on bipolar depression but more study is still required for TRBD patients that failed to respond to ECT. In conclusion, combination of CBT and pharmacotherapy is worth a trial for TRBD patients who do not respond to ECT.
From staff nurse to nurse consultant
Authors: Fowler John
Published: September 2016

John Fowler, independent education consultant, continues to explore the importance of leadership for clinically based nurses
Zoology a nature's way to inclusive growth
Authors: Singh-Gupta Supriya , Jawale Chetan
Published: September 2016

Inclusive growth is a concept that advances equitable opportunities for economic participants during economic growth with benefits incurred by every section of society. Currently every segment associated with the development is thinking on the lines of inclusive growth only. Amongst those, Zoology is a natures way to inclusive growth. Zoology has numerous opportunities under its umbrella like, vermiculture, aquaculture, lac culture, animal husbasndary, sericulture, emu farming, biogas production, forensic sciences, spider silk, biocontrol agents rearing, butterfly farming and many more. Zoological learning and research has developed skill at local and national level. This may engage the whole family by imparting skills which will provide employment for whole village resulting in deployment of clusters and allied small scale industries. This may also inculcate nature awareness from root level of society. Thus zoological enterprises may generate sustainable employment for all. They may contribute to production and export capacity of a nation. Furthermore, this will in turn help uplift socio economic status, contribute to social and general health improvement, and lead to advancement in education and national skill development. Ultimately this process may result in more zoological learning and research.
Distinguishing effects of number interference and number attraction in sentence processing.
Authors: Suckow Katja
Published: September 2016

Several comprehension studies have found evidence for number attraction effects: Processing a number-inflected verb is harder when a NP with the same number intervenes between the subject and verb (Pearlmutter et al., 1999; Wagers et al., 2009). This predicts that "was" in Example 1 should be harder when the verb is preceded by a plural ("customers" or "directors") than a singular NP. In contrast, similarity-based interference (Dyke & Lewis, 2003; Vasishth & Lewis 2005) predicts retrieval interference when a verb needs to be integrated with its dependents. The retrieval of a dependent should be more difficult when it shares retrieval cues (e.g., number) with another phrase. This predicts longer reading times at "was" with singular interfering NPs (customer or director).

1. The secretary | who argued with | the customer(s) of the director(s) | was on | the train | to the meeting.

An eye-tracking experiment showed a number interference effect from the local NP ("director") in first fixation for the train and from the second NP ("customer") in total times for the same region. There was no number attraction effect.

One possibility is that we did not find evidence for number attraction because the number attractor was syntactically deeply embedded in a relative clause.

To test number attraction from nouns not in a relative clause, the intervening attractor ("farmers") was in a PP in Experiment 2. We also tested whether attraction effects might be part of checking processes after initial structure building. If so, these effects should be strong during reanalysis. Thus, we compared structurally ambiguous (2, without comma) and unambiguous sentences (with comma). The verb "has" not only resolves the ambiguity, it also agrees with "cousin". Thus, when the verb is preceded by a plural number attractor ("farmers"), reanalysis should be harder according to the number attraction account.

2. After Virginia answered(,) the cousin of the farmer(s) | has to | think it | all over again.

Ambiguous sentences took longer to read than unambiguous sentences. More importantly, although there was no attraction or interference effect for unambiguous sentences, regression-path times for "has to" in the ambiguous sentences were longer when there was a plural than singular attractor. This suggests that number attraction affects comprehension as part of a checking process. We will discuss the implications of both experiments for number attraction and similarity-based interference.
A importância da Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho para os funcionários e a instituição
Authors: Lavor Anna Rosina Araújo , Bezerra Cláudia Queiroz Oliveira , Alves Maria de Fátima Morais , Lima Francisca Nádia Da Silva
Published: September 2016

Evidências mostram a grande importância de programas de qualidade de vida dentro das empresas para reduzir os acidentes e trabalhar o absenteísmo, bem como no aumento da produtividade, redução de alguns custos de saúde e, portanto, um retorno aos negócios para o desempenho profissional dos funcionários. No entanto, ainda há dificuldades para fazer as pessoas atentarem ao valor da adoção de hábitos de vida saudáveis e, no mundo dos negócios, a dificuldade é incentivar os funcionários a buscar qualidade de vida como uma filosofia de trabalho. A implementação de programas com foco na qualidade de vida no trabalho, estão crescendo com mais e mais intensidade nos dias atuais, as empresas estão finalmente percebendo que tais ações merecem atenção e investimento. Trabalhadores passam a maior parte de suas vidas no local de trabalho, por isso é essencial que tal ambiente possa proporcionar condições adequadas para a realização de atividades de vida diária e poder oferecer algo mais: ginástica, incentivo à leitura, lazer, são algumas das iniciativas que as empresas podem implantar e com a divulgação integral, podem vir a apresentar inúmeros benefícios que virão, tanto para a instituição quanto para os trabalhadores, certamente mudanças profundas e positivas ocorrerão no local de trabalho.
Planejamento Estratégico no Serviço Público: Análise do Planejamento Estratégico da Prefeitura de Juazeiro sob a ótica das ações do SAAE
Authors: Azevedo Cássia De Amorim Viana , Caffé Filho Hesler Piedade
Published: September 2016

Este artigo procura descrever como o planejamento estratégico da Prefeitura Municipal de Juazeiro, referente à sua Autarquia SAAE vem sendo acompanhado, instrumentalizado e analisado sob a visão da autarquia. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi o descritivo, documental, bibliográfico e a entrevista informal semiestruturada.
Métodos de seleção granulométrica com foco na resistência à deformação permanente
Authors: Ferreira Jorge Luis Santos , Soares Jorge Barbosa , Bastos Juceline Batista dos Santos
Published: September 2016

A granulometria de uma mistura asfáltica tem papel relevante em sua resistência à deformação permanente. Resultados práticos mostram que a simples obediência às faixas do DNIT não garantem resistência a tal defeito. Neste trabalho, avalia-se e compara-se os métodos Bailey e Faixa de Agregados Dominantes (FAD). Ambos buscam fornecer granulometrias com intertravamento adequado para resistir à deformação permanente. Utilizou-se 8 misturas asfálticas produzidas com materiais de diferentes regiões do Brasil. Os resultados mostram que o método FAD pode ser utilizado em fase de projeto para estimar o desempenho de campo das misturas asfálticas quanto ao defeito em questão baseando-se em um único parâmetro granulométrico (porosidade FAD). Por outro lado, dos parâmetros do método Bailey (AG, GAM e FAM), apenas os valores de AG refletem o comportamento mecânico das misturas asfálticas. Os resultados de laboratório e de campo indicam o potencial para aplicação prática do método FAD. MÉTODOS DE SELEÇÃO GRANULOMÉTRICA COM FOCO NA RESISTÊNCIA À DEFORMAÇÃO PERMANENTE
Hybrid BD / GPS Positioning for Deformation Monitoring Under Denied Environments
Authors: Peng Zhenzhong , Li Qianxia , Xia Linyuan
Published: September 2016

In the era of multiple satellite navigation and positioning, there are still many remained issues to be tackled in order to satisfy varied applications for various sectors. These include availability, accuracy, integrity, vulnerability and others. To explore feasibility of deformation monitoring under dam and steep slope environments, we investigated features of hybrid BD / GPS positioning and monitoring performance. Results indicate that hybrid satellites can further facilitate precise positioning for deformation monitoring on restricted regions. A static network in near real time mode is designed to exhibit essential sensitivity for deformation monitoring under different network connectivity. Analysis shows that under given network design matrix, contributions from hybrid BD / GPS have enhanced network sensitivity and ensured monitoring performance under challenged scenarios. Related tests combining with application to stringent dam monitoring have been conducted to exemplify sensitivity changes along vital engineering directions and optimal schemes for network configuration.
Vikings or Normans? The Radicalism of Naturalized Metaphysics
Authors: Ross Don
Published: September 2016

The paper investigates the extent to which naturalized metaphysics, as proposed and characterized by Ladyman and Ross (2007.Every Thing Must Go: Metaphysics Naturalized. Oxford: Oxford University Press) among others, suggests a radical break with the conceptual space of pre-naturalized metaphysics. The investigation compares Ladyman and Ross’s methodology for metaphysics with that recently advocated by Steven French (2014.The Structure of the World: Metaphysics and Representation. Oxford: Oxford University Press). The comparison promises to be revealing because French shares Ladyman and Ross’s commitment to build a new metaphysics on the basis of a particular thesis developed in the philosophy of science literature, ontic structural realism (OSR). Thus differences between Ladyman and Ross’s and French’s approaches to metaphysics can be exhibited cleanly, without having to be pried apart from different respective views about the ontology implied by scientific theory and practice.
Effect of lead salts on phase, morphologies and photoluminescence of nanocrystalline PbMoO4 and PbWO4 synthesized by microwave radiation
Authors: Phuruangrat Anukorn , Kuntalue Budsabong , Artkla Surachai , Promnopas Surin , Promnopas Wonchai , Thongtem Somchai , Thongtem Titipun
Published: September 2016

PbMoO4 and PbWO4 were successfully synthesized by microwave radiation using different lead salts (acetate, chloride, nitrate and sulfate) and Na2MO4 (M = Mo, W) in propylene glycol. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. In this research, morphologies, crystallization and photoluminescence of the products were influenced by the kinetics of anions, including the detection of M–O (M = Mo, W) stretching modes in the (MO4)2− tetrahedrons. Photoluminescence of PbMoO4 synthesized from Pb(NO3)2 and of PbWO4 synthesized from PbCl2 showed the strongest blue emission due to the electronic diffusion in tetrahedrons at room temperature.
Interrelations of codes in human semiotic systems
Authors: Somov Georgij Yu.
Published: September 2016

Codes can be viewed as mechanisms that enable relations of signs and their components, i.e., semiosis is actualized. The combinations of these relations produce new relations as new codes are building over other codes. Structures appear in the mechanisms of codes. Hence, codes can be described as transformations of structures from some material systems into others. Structures belong to different carriers, but exist in codes in their “pure” form. Building of codes over other codes fosters their regulation. There are several ways to add codes: by types of transformation of structures involved in codes; by dimensions of pragmatics, semantics, and syntactics; through “abstract universals versus precise forms” relations; and by regulation levels in the “organism – environment” relations. More complicated codes are formed based on the interrelations of codes built over. These interrelations are presented as a conceptual chart, which reflects the way typical semiotic formations emerge in mind based on the interrelations of various codes. It also presents the related sociocultural semiotic systemities: motives, needs, aspirations, moral values, purposes, language-like systemities, fundamental frames, patterns of culture, etc.
Cost-Effective Precracking of Charpy V-Notch Specimens for Fracture-Toughness Testing Using a Piezoelectric Actuator
Authors: Schuurmans J. , Scibetta M.
Published: September 2016

The evolution in the ASTM standards toward more stringent precracking requirements and the large amount of fracture-toughness tests annually performed at SCK•CEN, were the motivations to search for novel techniques to gain more control over the precracking process and to reduce the precracking cost. A piezoelectric actuator was identified as an excellent candidate for this purpose. A dedicated precracking device for Charpy V-notch specimens based on a piezoelectric actuator was developed. The high degree of automation allows full control over the precracking process in agreement with current or future standards. The low power consumption, high precracking frequency, low maintenance, and minimum operator intervention significantly reduce the precracking cost. A second piezo-precracking device was installed in a hot cell. An extensive validation demonstrated that the SCK•CEN Piezomatic is capable of producing a fatigue crack in Charpy V-notch specimens (standard, reconstituted, miniaturized, irradiated) in a fast, controllable, and accurate way. Both machines have been providing a reliable service for several years.
Evaluation of the Bearing Strength of Single-Shear Bolted Joint Composite Laminate Structures and Research on the Test Fixture
Authors: Liu C. , Zhou Z. , Wang X. , Zhang B.
Published: September 2016

In this study, the test on the bearing strength of the single-shear bolted joint composite laminate structure was firstly conducted. Then a macro-micro multi-scale numerical model was developed and implemented using the general-purpose finite element code ABAQUS. In this numerical model, the complex contact interactions such as the contact at the bolt/hole and the contact at the specimen/fixture were both considered. In addition, the progressive damage and the material property degradation were also included in the numerical model. The numerical simulation results agree well with the experimental results. Based on the numerical model, the effect of the test fixture on the testing results was evaluated further. It is shown that the incomplete contact between the test fixture and the specimen and the lack of the lateral constraint on the specimen will affect the measured bearing strength of the single-shear bolted joint composite laminate structure. In addition, the lower support stiffness of the test fixture will also affect the measured stiffness of the bolted joint composite laminate structure. According to the numerical evaluation results, the test fixture was improved. Finally, the bearing strength of the single-shear bolted joint composite laminate structure was tested again using the improved test fixture. It was shown that the new testing results are improved comparing with the initial testing results.
Bond Requirements on State-Owned Forest Land in the Western United States
Authors: Vaughan D. , Mackes K. , Eckhoff M.
Published: September 2016

State forestry agencies typically require forestry contractors to furnish several types of bonds before beginning work on state land. Required bonds often include: performance bonds that help ensure contract provisions are followed satisfactorily, bid bonds that guarantee follow-through by the winning contractor, and payment bonds that guarantee payment for timber before cutting. Much variety exists both in the types of bonds that are required and the form of payment that state forestry agencies will accept. However, no single source for this information exists in the literature. Such a resource can help assist state foresters when determining bond requirements for their own state, as well as providing a comparison with other state policies. To meet this need, a literature review and telephone survey of state forestry agencies was conducted. The literature review revealed varying statutory requirements and an absence of research on bonding practices in the forestry industry. Survey respondents reported performance bond requirements, when in effect, ranging from 5 % to 100 % of the contract price in service contracts, and from 5 % to 20 % in timber sale contracts. Bid guarantees, if required by state agencies, range from 2 % to 10 % of the contract price. The unique conditions involved in forest management require flexibility when it comes to bonding policies to avoid burdening agencies and contractors with unnecessary constraints.