bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proton-Spin-Flipping System Based on Orbit-Steerer Dipoles in the Nuclotron/JINR Operating at the γG = 7 Spin Resonance
Authors: Filatov Yu. N. , Kondratenko A. M. , Nikolaev N. N. , Senichev Yu. V. , Kondratenko M. A. , Vinogradov S. V. , Tsyplakov E. D. , Butenko A. V. , Kostromin S. A.
Published: April 2024

We propose a system to produce multiple spin reversals of a polarized proton beam based on orbit-steerer dipoles already installed in the Nuclotron, a superconducting synchrotron at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, when the latter operates in the spin-transparency regime. The beam momentum of 3.54 GeV/ccorresponds to the integer spin resonanceγG=7. We report the results of numerical simulation of the proton spin dynamics pertinent to the acceleration up toγG=7, including the adiabatic capture of spins by navigators and the subsequent multiple spin flips. A feasibility of the pilot experiment to verify our approach with the current magnetic lattice of the Nuclotron is discussed. To preserve the beam polarization during the crossing of integer resonances we propose to employ intentional resonance-strength enhancements effected by controlled variations of the beam orbit during acceleration.
In What Magnetic Field Does an Edge Magnetoplasmon Arise?
Authors: Murav'ev V. M. , Zarezin A. M. , Gusikhin P. A. , Kukushkin I. V.
Published: April 2024

The behavior of magnetoplasmon modes in high-quality two-dimensional electron systems based on AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures with a disk mesa is studied by the optical detection method for resonant microwave absorption. A magnetic field at which a two-dimensional skin layer is formed along the edge of a two-dimensional electron system and, as a result, the magnetoplasma mode becomes an edge mode has been determined by analyzing the magnetodispersion dependence. The dependence of this magnetic field on the two-dimensional electron density is studied. A model has been developed to describe the reported experimental results.
Possible Search for Majorana Neutrinos at Future Lepton Colliders
Authors: Antonov E. S , Drutskoy A. G , Dubinin M. N
Published: April 2024

We discuss the processℓ+ℓ−→NW±ℓ∓, whereNis a heavy Majorana neutrino andℓ=e,μ. Large cross sections are expected for these processes at high center-of-mass energies, which can be reached at future lepton–lepton colliders. The Monte Carlo simulation of the studied processes is produced within the framework of the seesaw type-I model, where the Majorana neutrinos (or heavy neutral leptons, HNL), are introduced in the standard leptonic sector. Recently the possibility to search for the direct HNL production was studied in theℓ+ℓ−→Nνℓprocess with the subsequent decayN→W±ℓ∓. In this paper we investigate an alternative processℓ+ℓ−→NW±ℓ∓→W±W±ℓ∓ℓ∓with the lepton number violation by two units. The similar processes appear in collisions with the same-sign beams,e−e−→NW−e−→W−W−e+e−orμ+μ+→NW+μ+→W+W+μ+μ−. The cross sections of the processes under consideration are enhanced by the soft photon exchange in thet-channel. We calculate the cross sections for the signals and potential Standard Model backgrounds for thee+e−beam collisions at the 1 TeV center-of-mass energy and theμ+μ−collisions at 3 and 10 TeV. Due to the diagrams with softt-channel photons and respective interference the promptly emitted leptons are produced in the direction close to the corresponding beam. These leptons will be lost in the beam pipe or badly measured by forward detectors. However, the signal events can be well separated from backgrounds using the rest of the event containing theWWℓparticles. Finally, the expected upper limits on the mixing parameters|VℓN|2as a function ofM(N) are calculated.
Influence of the Carrier–Envelope Phase on the Generation of the Multioctave Supercontinuum and Ultrashort Pulses in Antiresonant Hollow Waveguides
Authors: Savitskiy I. V. , Voronin A. A. , Stepanov E. A. , Lanin A. A. , Fedotov A. B.
Published: April 2024

The influence of the carrier–envelope phase on the spectrum of the supercontinuum and on the characteristics of ultrashort pulses, which are formed by the nonlinear optical transformation of pump pulses in an argon-filled antiresonant hollow waveguide has been demonstrated. The experimental and theoretical analysis has shown that the soliton self-compression of pump radiation with a central wavelength of about 2 μm forms a pulse with a duration of nearly one optical cycle and with a spectrum broadened to the region of 400‒800 nm, where interference with the broadband third harmonic generated by the same pulse is observed. The interference pattern is sensitive to the carrier–envelope phase of the laser pulse. The analysis of the interference pattern provides information on the difference of the spectral phases of the soliton and third harmonic in the spectral range wider than an octave and allows one to control the duration of pulses formed in the process of soliton self-compression.
GRB 221009A, Its Precursor, and Two Afterglows in the Fermi Data
Authors: Shtern B. , Tkachev I.
Published: April 2024

We study GRB 221009A, the brightest gamma-ray burst in the history of observations, using Fermi data. To calibrate them for large inclination angles, we use the Vela X gamma-ray source. Light curves in different spectral ranges demonstrate a 300 s overlap of afterglow and delayed episodes of soft prompt emission. We demonstrate that a relatively weak burst precursor that occurs 3 min before the main episode has its own afterglow, i.e., presumably, its own external shock. This is the first observation of such phenomenon which rules out some theoretical models of GRB precursors. The main afterglow is the brightest one, includes a photon with an energy of 400 GeV 9 h after the burst, we show that it is visible in the LAT data for up to two days.
Generation of Quantum Vortices by Waves on the Surface of Superfluid Helium
Authors: Sultanova M. R. , Remizov I. A. , Mezhov-deglin L. P. , Levchenko A. A.
Published: April 2024

The formation of quantum vortices by two mutually perpendicular waves excited on the surface of superfluid helium has been observed. The interaction of negative charges injected under the surface of He-II with the vortex flow of the liquid, which is formed by surface waves at frequencies from 20 to 49.9 Hz, in the temperature range of 1.5–2.17 K has been studied experimentally by analyzing the current distribution detected by vertically oriented segments of a receiving collector. The efficient capture of injected charges by quantum vortices has been observed at a temperature ofT= 1.5 K, which leads to a significant redistribution of currents between segments of the receiving collector. Charges leave traps on quantum vortices at temperatures nearT= 1.7 K. With a further increase in the temperature, injected charges are scattered on vortex flows of the normal component, which are generated by surface waves.
Thermally Induced Magnetization Reversal in Submicron Ni Particles Formed on Single Crystalline Lithium Triborate
Authors: Bizyaev D. A. , Chuklanov A. P. , Nurgazizov N. I. , Bukharaev A. A.
Published: April 2024

The influence of the thermally induced magnetoelastic effect on the magnetization reversal field in 0.9 × 0.3× 0.03-μm Ni particles formed on a single crystalline lithium triborate (LiB3O5) substrate has been studied. It has been shown experimentally that this substrate can reduce the magnetization reversal field of particles by a factor of more than 1.5 as the temperature of the sample increases from 30 to 45°C. This reduction of the reversal field is due to magnetoelastic anisotropy induced in the particles by the difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of the substrate along different crystallographic axes.
Search for Resonances in the Mass Spectrum of Two-Photon Events Produced in π+A-Interactions in the Hyperon-M Experiment at the U-70 Accelerator Complex
Authors: Gorin A. M. , Evdokimov S. V. , Zaytsev A. A. , Izucheev V. I. , Polishchuk B. V. , Romanishin K. A. , Rykalin V. I. , Sadovskiy S. A. , Kharlov Yu. V.
Published: April 2024

Studies at the Nuclotron in JINR indicate the presence of a previously unknown resonance-like structure in the two-photon mass spectrum in the region of 300–400 MeV/c2, observed in nucleus–nucleus interactions. The goal of this work is to search for such structures in the two-photon mass spectrum in meson–nuclear interactions at a momentum of 7 GeV/cat the Hyperon-M experiment of the U-70 accelerator complex. An upper limit has been established on the ratio of the cross section for the formation of unknown resonance structures to the cross section for the production ofη-mesonρ(R→2γ/η→2γ)3.2×10−3at the 95% confidence level.
Dimensionality-Driven Evolution of Electronic Structure and Transport Properties in Pressure-Induced Phases of Ca2N Electride
Authors: Mazannikova M. A. , Korotin Dm. M. , Anisimov V. I. , Oganov A. R. , Novoselov D. Yu.
Published: April 2024

We investigate how a change in dimensionality of interstitial electronic states in the Ca2N electride influences its electronic structure and transport properties. Employing the Maximally Localized Wannier Functions (MLWF) approach, we successfully describe the interstitial quasi-atomic states (ISQ) located in non-nuclear Wyckoff positions between Ca atoms. This allowed us to conclude that the electride subsystem is responsible for the formation of a band structure in the vicinity of the Fermi level in all Ca2N phases observed under pressure. Using the obtained MLWF basis, we calculate the electronic and thermal conductivity, along with the Seebeck coefficient, by solving the semi-classical Boltzmann transport equations. The results achieved permit the conclusion that the counterintuitive increase in resistance under pressure observed experimentally is attributed to enhanced localization of interstitial electronic states through electride subspace dimensionality transformations. We also established a substantial anisotropy in the transport properties within the 2D phase and found that the conductivity inside the plane of the electride layers is provided by electrons, while along the direction normal to the layers, holes become the majority carriers.
Nature of Dielectric Relaxation in SrTiO3:Mn Single Crystals
Authors: Talanov M. V. , Zhukova E. S. , Nekrasov B. M. , Savinov M. , Kozlov V. I. , Gorshunov B. P. , Bush A. A.
Published: April 2024

Dielectric spectra of SrTiO3and SrTiO3:Mn single crystals have been studied in the frequency range of 10‒3000 cm–1and in the temperature range of 5–297 K using time-domain terahertz spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. A comparative analysis of the experimental results made it possible to detect a significant broadening of the absorption lines corresponding to the Slater and Last phonon modes, while the parameters of the Axe mode when replacing Ti with Mn (2 at %) stay invariant. This effect is associated with an enhance in structural disorder in the cation subsystem (B-sublattice) of the SrTiO3crystal. It has been established that doping with Mn ions reduces the antiferrodistortive phase transition temperature by about 20 K, but hardly affects the character of the temperature dependence of the parameters of a ferroelectric soft mode at temperatures of about 60–297K. It has been found that an additional excitation with the frequency below the frequency of the ferroelectric soft mode should be taken into account for an appropriate model description of the dispersion of the permittivity of SrTiO3:Mn in the terahertz frequency range. The results obtained in this work indicate that dielectric relaxation in the SrTiO3:Mn crystal is due to thermally activated hops of Mn atoms between displaced (noncentral) crystallographic sites; i.e., the mechanism of radiofrequency relaxation in SrTiO3:Mn is hopping rather than polaronic, which is also actively discussed in the literature.
Nonlinear Kinetic Inductance Sensor
Authors: Vodolazov D. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The concept of nonlinear kinetic inductance sensor (NKIS) of electromagnetic radiation is proposed. The idea is based on divergency of kinetic inductanceLk∼dq/dI(ℏqis a momentum of superconducting electrons,Iis a supercurrent) of hybrid superconductor/normal metal (SN) bridge at currentI*Idep(Idepis a depairing current of the hybrid) and temperatureT* much smaller than critical temperatureTc. It makes possible to have large change of phase differenceδϕalong SN bridge in current biased regime atI≃I*even for small electron temperature increase. Appearance ofδϕis accompanied by the change of the current and magnetic flux through the coupled superconducting ring which could be measured with help of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). In some respect proposed sensor may be considered as a superconducting counterpart of transition edge sensor (TES) those work is based on large derivativedR/dT(Ris a resistance) nearTc. Because atI≃I*SN bridge is in gapless regime there is no low boundary for frequency of detected electromagnetic radiation. Our calculations show that such a sensor can operate in single photon regime and detect single photons with frequencyν≳10 GHz. We argue that the nontrivial dependenceI(q)of SN bridge could be also used in detectors of continuous electromagnetic radiation, current and magnetic field sensors.
Binary Coding by Microwave Pulses on the Transverse Magnetization of the Tetracyanoethylene Radical
Authors: Zaripov R. B. , Khayrutdinov I. T.
Published: April 2024

The possibility of coding the response of the electron–nuclear system of the tetracyanoethylene radical under microwave pulse irradiation in combination with a pulsed magnetic field gradient in the nanosecond timescale by a binary code is demonstrated. To this end, the tetracyanoethylene radical, which has a well-resolved equidistant electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum due to the interaction of the electron with equivalent magnetic nuclei, is used. The aim is to demonstrate the possibility of implementing this procedure physically rather than to encode the longest possible sequence.
Bound States of a Short-Range Defect on the Surface of an Intrinsic Antiferromagnetic Topological Insulator in a Noncollinear Phase
Authors: Men'shov V. N. , Chulkov E. V.
Published: April 2024

The features of electronic states on the surface of an intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulator (AFM TI) containing defects are theoretically investigated. Our approach takes into account the role of the electrostatic potential and the variation in the orientation of magnetic moments in the near-surface layers. A change in the spectral characteristics of the surface states under the transformation of magnetization from an equilibrium AFM phase of A-type to a ferromagnetic phase through a noncollinear texture is described. It is shown that in AFM TI with uniaxial anisotropy, an external magnetic field applied along the easy axis can cause a significant modulation of the exchange gap size in the spectrum of surface states and even invert the gap sign. Modeling the single defect effect as a surface potential perturbation over a finite scale, we analytically investigate the formation of a bound state and its behavior depending on the strength of potential and exchange scattering by the defect and the exchange gap size. The energy level of the bound state is demonstrated to experience a sharp shift in the vicinity of the spin-flop transition. The theoretical results obtained allow us to provide a consistent explanation of recent experimental data on scanning tunneling spectroscopy of antisite defects on the surface of the prototype AFM TI MnBi2Te4 in an external magnetic field.
Transport Properties of the Magnetic Topological Insulators Family (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)m (m = 0, 1, …, 6)
Authors: Zverev V. N. , Abdullaev N. A. , Aliev Z. S. , Amiraslanov I. R. , Otrokov M. M. , Mamedov N. T. , Chulkov E. V.
Published: April 2024

Systematic studies of magneto-transport properties of the whole (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)mfamily of magnetic topological insulators (m=0,1,...,6)have been carried out. Temperature dependences of the resistivity, magnetoresistance and the Hall effect at low temperatures have been studied. Whenmincreases, i.e., when the separation between 2D MnBi2Te4magnetic layers becomes larger, the transition from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic state takes place. We have found that ferromagnetic state survives even in the samples withm=6, when 2D magnets are separated by six non-magnetic Bi2Te3blocks.
Reconstruction of the mean January Air Temperature in the Early Holocene on the Eastern Coast of Chukotka
Authors: Budantseva N. A. , Maslakov A. A. , Vasil’chuk Yu. K. , Vasil’chuk A. C. , Kuzyakin L. P.
Published: April 2024

The investigation is concerned with the Early Holocene syngenetic massive wedge ice exposed in the outcrop of a polygonal peatland in the upper part of the third marine terrace near Lorino settlement on the eastern coast of Chukotka. Based on the obtained radiocarbon dates of peat, it was found that the formation of a peatland in the area began about 14–13 cal ka BP, at the end of the Younger Dryas, while the termination of the active stage of peat accumulation was dated to about 10–9 cal ka BP. The beginning of peat accumulation at the end of the Younger Dryas, earlier the officially accepted limit of the lower boundary of the Holocene (11.7 cal ka BP), and the termination of its formation by the middle of the Greenlandian Holocene period is not a rare phenomenon in Russian permafrost zone, although it is traditionally assumed that the most active formation of peatlands has been going on during the thermal maximum in the middle of the Holocene. The age inversions noted in the peat vertical profiles are the most likely indicative of the processes of re-deposition of ancient organic material due to erosion by water of the third marine terrace sediments and the separation of the allochthonous peat. During the period from 2015 to 2021, six fragments of peatland exposures with the ice wedges were studied. Analysis of the obtained data on the content of stable oxygen isotopes in the ice show that δ18О values vary within the range from –15.5 to –18‰. These values are in good agreement with the data for Early Holocene ice wedges earlier obtained in other areas of the eastern coast of Chukotka (Anadyr town, Uelen settlement), where authors report the δ18O values from –16 to –19.4‰. This suggests that the ice wedge growth as well as the peat accumulation were the most active in Early Holocene. The highest δ18О values (from –13.1 to –16.8‰) were obtained for the modern ice veinlets. The ratio δ2H–δ18O in the ice wedges, in general, is indicative of a good preservation of isotope signature of winter precipitation. It has been found that approximate mean January air temperature in the Early Greenlandian period varied from –23 to –27°С, which is, on average, 3°С below than the present-day ones.
Investigation of Isotopes of Ice in the Askinskaya and Kinderlinskaya Caves (Southern Urals)
Authors: Chizhova Ju. N. , Trofimova E. V. , Dubinina E. O. , Kossova S. A.
Published: April 2024

The aim of this work was to determine mechanisms of formation of perennial ice in caves of the Southern Urals, as well as to find sources of water and processes responsible for the formation of isotopic parameters of the cave ice. Isotopes δ18О and δD were investigated. The caves Askinskaya and Kinderlinskaya are the most famous ones in the Southern Urals located at the lowest levels a.s.l. (260 and 208 m, respectively). In the summer of 2019, samples of perennial ice and infiltration water were taken in both caves. Ices of the Askinskaya and Kinderlinskaya caves are characterized by a narrow range of δ18О and δD values with very slight variations in depth: −11.42…−12.89‰ and −83.8…−95.7‰, respectively. Values the isotopes in the infiltration water sampled in the Kinderlinskaya cave are: δ18О = −13 and δD = −76‰. For both Askinskaya and Kinderlinskaya caves, the isotopic parameters of ice correspond to the calculated line of Rayleigh crystallization in a closed system when water with the isotopes freezes. The narrow range of values δ18О and δD suggests that aufeises (naleds) existing in caves for many years are the congelation (hydrogenic) ice formed by the growth of thin water layers freezing through at a high rates. Infiltration waters are formed mainly due to the precipitation of the winter seasons. The ratio between winter and summer precipitation is about 2:1. The infiltration type of the cave ice alimentation as well as evidence of long time of averaging of the isotopic signal in the atmospheric precipitation do not allow to use the cave ices as a climatic (paleo)archive.
Experimental Research of Ice Cuttings Transport by Air While Drilling of the Snow-Firn Layer
Authors: Ignatiev S. A. , Vasilev D. A. , Bolshunov A. V. , Vasileva M. A. , Ozhigin A. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The snow-firn layer of the glaciers of Antarctica and Greenland contains data on the composition of the atmosphere in the past, volcanic eruptions, forest fires, anthropogenic pollution, and many other unique information. Nowadays, core drilling methods are widely used for sampling the snow-firn layer. Due to numerous complications (loss of air circulation, drill bit sticking, ice balling up, etc.), air ice drilling is not wide spread, yielding in productivity and reliability to thermal and auger drilling methods. However, core barrel drilling with reverse bottom-hole air circulation is a promising technology for drilling the glaciers of Antarctica and Greenland. However, core drilling with reverse bottom-hole air circulation is a promising technology for drilling Antarctic and Greenland glaciers. The authors suggest that this technology, if successfully implemented, will significantly exceed the currently used methods of drilling the upper layers of the glacier. Taking into account the failures of previous projects of core drilling with air, it was decided to conduct research in the conditions of Central Antarctica in order to substantiate the design parameters of the new drill. During 67th Russian Antarctic Expedition (RAE) experimental studies of ice cuttings air transportation while drilling of the snow-firn layer were conducted at Vostok station. In the course of the experimental studies, the VK-22 borehole was drilled to a depth of 30 m with full core and ice cuttings sampling. According to the selected probes, the dependences of the change in the density of the snow-firn layer, bulk density and fractional composition of ice cuttings on the depth of occurrence were established. By using the experimental facility, the suspension velocity (critical speed in drilling) of ice particles of various sizes and shapes was found for the first time. Directions for further research and ways to improve the experimental facility are proposed, which are planned to be implemented in the season of the 68th RAE
Conditions on the Bedrock and Surface of the Vavilov Ice Cap (Severnaya Zemlya) During its Surge According To Airborne Radar Data
Authors: Glazovsky A. F. , Kabanov N. A. , Macheret Yu. Ya , Soldatenko A. M.
Published: April 2024

The glacier surge at Vavilov Ice Cap, Severnaya Zemlya, Russia (79°18′ N, 94°40′ E) began as early as the mid-1960s with a slow advance of its margin in the western part. Since 2012, the advance switched to the phase of catastrophic movement, which reached its climax in 2016, when the glacier velocity reached 9.2 km a‒1. An ice fan with an area of about 140 km2 advanced into the Kara Sea water area 11 km from the shore, and a strongly crevassed ice stream was formed in the ice cap itself, which continues to move now with speeds of about 2 km a‒1. The dynamic instability of Vavilov Ice Cap can be triggered by changes in basal conditions, which are still poorly known. In this study, we used airborne radio-echo sounding data acquired in September 2014 over the ice cap to characterize its surface and bedrock conditions. Based on the delay time and reflection amplitudes, the power reflection coefficient (PRC) from glacier surface and bedrock was estimated. For its calibration, we used the amplitude of reflections from the sea surface registered from different altitudes. The bedrock PRC values were converted to dielectric permittivity and compared with the glacier surface velocities in 2014 obtained from Landsat-7 images. We found a high positive correlation between the bedrock PRCs and velocities in the area with glacier speed higher than 1000 m a-1. In this area, the PRC is 20 dB higher than in the neighboring slower moving areas. Such a difference may be because the ice stream advanced on marine loose sediments with higher dielectric permittivity and conductivity and a higher reflection coefficient. The range of estimated bedrock PRCs corresponds to bed materials with relative dielectric permittivity from 5 to 10 and electrical conductivity from 10–5 to 10–2 Sm m‒1.
Investigation of Brash Ice (Overview)
Authors: Sazonov K. Е.
Published: April 2024

The urgency of brash ice study is growing in connection with intensive shipping in fast ice zone of freezing seas as well as inland waterways. In addition, an important incentive for such studies is the design and construction of port infrastructure in these water areas. The review shows that the main directions of research refer to three main topics. 1) Investigation of morphometrical brash ice characteristics in navigable channels and harbors, their variability under ambient factors. The most well-studied morphometrical parameters of brash ice are relative channel thickness and its distribution over channel width. Size distribution details about brash ice floes are of great interest for researchers. 2) Investigation of porosity and mechanical properties of brash ice as a granular material taking account of freezing between individual ice blocks. In many respects, these parameters determine the pattern of brash ice interaction with ships and the possibility of their movement. 3) Description of consolidated layer formation in brash ice and refinement of predictions for brash ice growth in the water area under consideration depending on the intensity of ship traffic and the number of degree-days with negative temperatures over the time interval between ship passages. Large attention is given to new methods of studies including full-scale and laboratory experiments, as well as the use of ice basins for this purpose, with a brief review of thermal methods for brash ice management. The paper formulates some of the problems yet to solved, which require extra studies.
The Use of Isotope Indicators in Hydrological Studies in the Taldura River Basin, Central Altai
Authors: Bantcev D. V. , Ovsepyan A. A. , Rasputina V. A. , Kozachek A. V. , Tchikhatchev K. B. , Ganyushkin D. A.
Published: April 2024

Received June 29, 2023; revised August 28, 2023; accepted October 2, 2023Stable isotopes investigation was carried out in the territory of the Yuzhno-Chuya Ridge (Central Altai) during the ablation season of 2022. Samples were taken to determine the contribution of meltwater and precipitation to feeding of water bodies. The main research objects are Nekrasov glacier – Tamozennoye Lake system and Taldura River. In the basin of Lake Tamozennoye, the average ice δ18O of the Nekrasov glacier (‒17.3%) was obtained. Based on the isotopic composition of ice and precipitation, it was estimated that in the stream flowing into Lake Customs, the contribution of glacier meltwater varies from 28 to 67%, on average 54%. For a stream flowing out of a lake, the proportion of meltwater is higher: 48–72, 61% on average. First of all, meltwater enters the lake by filtration through the moraine, and not by surface runoff. Along the Taldura River, δ18O does not change significantly (δ18O –16.58 … –16.84%) for 38 km before the Taldura River confluence into the Chagan River. This indicates the complete predominance of glacier meltwater in the river feeding in the middle of the ablation season. Repeated sampling of water from the Taldura River 5 km from the edge of the glacier showed, that the effect of precipitation can be traced in the isotopic composition of river water, but it does not exceed 20%.
Geoelectrical Models of Glacial-Permafrost Rock Formations of the Central Altai
Authors: Dyakova G. S. , Goreyavcheva A. A. , Shein A. N. , Potapov V. V. , Burym R. D. , Ostanin O. V. , Olenchenko V. V.
Published: April 2024

Received December 27,, 2022; revised August 10, 2023; accepted October 2, 2023Geophysical observations of the structure of glacial-permafrost rock formations (hereinafter referred to as GPRF), common in the Central Altai in the valleys of the Chuya, Dzhelo, Elangash and Akkol rivers, were carried out by way of electrical resistivity tomography using the multi-electrode electro-prospecting station “Skala-48”. The main objective of the research was to identify the features of the internal structure of GPRF basing on the data of electrical sounding and aerial photography. The application of the geophysical method made it possible to localize rock-ice cores within the GPRF. Analysis of the geoelectrical cross-sections allowed finding that the rock-ice cores were characterized by high values of specific electrical resistance (SER) – from 10 to 100 kOhm ⋅ m and more. The depths of occurrence of rock-ice material on the geoelectrical sections varied from 2 to 10 m, on the average. Using the data of the aerial photography carried out above the studied areas, three-dimensional geoelectric models and maps of the distribution of SER were built for different depths. When analyzing the three-dimensional model of the GPRF, it is clearly noticeable that the features of the nature of the SER distribution reflects the inhomogeneous distribution of ice within the rock-ice core of the GPRF. As a result of our studies performed by the method of electrical tomography and interpretation of a three-dimensional geoelectric model, it was estimated that thicknesses of the rock-ice material varied from 7 to 32 m, thawing niches were revealed and localized, and the potential volume of the rock-ice core was determined. Thus, the above mentioned geophysical and geomorphological studies in that the features of the internal structure of GPRF in key areas have been established. For each GPRF, the thicknesses, resistivity, and depth of occurrence of rock-ice cores were determined, and the dependence of the morphological structure of the GPRF surface on internal structure of them was analyzed. A preliminary assessment of water reserves in individual GPRF had also been made.
Spatial-Temporal Variability of the δ18O Values and the Snow Cover Structure on the Territory of the Meteorological Observatory of the Lomonosov Moscow State University
Authors: Sokratov S. A. , Komarov A. Yu. , Vasil’chuk Yu. K. , Budantseva N. A. , Vasil’chuk J. Yu. , Seliverstov Yu. G. , Grebennikov P. B. , Frolov D. M.
Published: April 2024

Received July 3, 2023; revised September 4, 2023; accepted October 2, 2023The isotopic composition (δ18O values) of snow layers, constructing snow cover to the time of reaching maximum snow water equivalent (SWE), was compared with the isotopic content of snow precipitated over the whole the winter season 2018/19 on the territory of the Meteorological Observatory of the Lomonosov Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia). Snow-sampling was carried out in a trench 20 m long simultaneously with detailed measurements of spatial variability of the structural characteristics of snow depth. Sampling was conducted for each precipitation event over the winter season, with the amount of precipitation also documented. It was found that the spatially-distributed enrichment with heavy oxygen isotopes along the trench fell within the range of 0–3.5‰, with average values for the four main formed snow layers changing from 1.3 to 2.5‰. The enrichment was not much dependent on the age of snow layer in the snowpack, and it was even more pronounced in the upper layers. This suggests that the post-precipitated change in the isotopic composition of snow cover for the conditions of the investigated site mainly took place when the snow was exposed to the atmosphere (due to sublimation and evaporation), while the processes of dry and wet metamorphism were either less important or even led to leveling the effects of isotopic fractionation. A positive correlation was found between the isotope composition of snow and the spatially varying snow density in each layer. This is most probably related to involvement of wind influence into the snow accumulation resulting in more dense snow. The spatial variability of the isotope composition of snow in each layer was smaller than changes in snow density and snow water equivalent.
The Last Glaciation and Ice-Dammed Lakes in the South-East Altai
Authors: Zolnikov I. D. , Novikov I. C. , Deev E. V. , Panin A. V. , Kurbanov R. N.
Published: April 2024

Received June 8, 2023; revised September 4, 2023; accepted October 2, 2023The palaeogeographic scheme of the distribution of glaciers and ice-dammed lakes in the Altai during the last global glaciation (MIS-2) was compiled based on a detailed large-scale geomorphological survey. Analysis of geomorphological traces of glaciers of this time indicates that they occupied smaller areas than those of the first Late Pleistocene glaciation. By this means, the ice dams created by them were smaller that resulted in small sizes of ice-dammed lakes. The preserved levels of terraces indicate that during the first Late Pleistocene glaciation in the Kurai-Chuya depression system the ancient lake was the only one with a level of 2250 m and a total volume of 1.70 km3. During the second Late Pleistocene glaciation in the south-east Gorny Altai, another separate lake existed which was the Bartal-Kurai Lake with a level of 1700 m and a volume of 45 km3. This lake was dammed by the Mashey Glacier, which descended from the northern slopes of the North Chuaya Range. In the Chuya Depression, the existence of a landslide-dammed lake with a volume of 0.7 km3 and a level 1.750 m has been found. Its formation was not associated with glaciers of the MIS-2 stage. Direct dating of the last ice-dammed lake in the Chuya Depression with a level of 1950 m and a volume of 140 km3 has not yet been determined. This lake was dammed by the Kuehtanar Glacier, which descended from the southern slope of the Kurai ridge. The volume of ice-dammed waters of the MIS-2 time was an order of magnitude smaller than it was in the first Late Quaternary glaciation. This explains the much lower intensity of erosive and accumulative processes associated with the mega-flood occurred due to the breakthrough of the lakes during MIS-2.
UNIVERSALI TRADUTTIVI COME STRATEGIE DI INSEGNAMENTO DI TRADUZIONE SPECIALIZZATA
Authors: Drljević Jelena
Published: April 2024

: La scelta delle attività, tecniche o strategie nella traduzione di testi
specializzati appartenenti alle aree professionali delle quali, di regola, gli
studenti hanno conoscenze molto ridotte, presenta una costante sfida sia per gli
studenti che per l’insegnante stesso.
In questo articolo analizzeremo le traduzioni studentesche di un testo scientificoeducativo relativo alla tutela ambientale.
Il gruppo target è costituito dagli studenti serbofoni laureati in italiano LS
presso il Dipartimento d’Italianistica della Facoltà di Filologia dell’Università di
Belgrado, che nell’ambito degli studi master hanno seguito il corso Italiano
settoriale la cui didattica si basa principalmente sulle attività di traduzione
specializzata dall’italiano al serbo.
La ricerca si propone di conseguire tre obiettivi strettamente correlati tra
loro: 1) esaminare se nei testi tradotti siano stati efficacemente adoperati i
principali universali traduttivi (semplificazione, esplicitazione,
normalizzazione), precedentemente spiegati e presentati come possibili strategie
di traduzione; 2) determinare quali metodi specifici di ciascuno degli universali
siano i più frequenti nelle traduzioni (diversa organizzazione del testo, uso di un
vocabolario più neutro, uso di iperonimi o sinonimi dal registro colloquiale ecc.);
3) individuare vantaggi e svantaggi della strategia applicata nel corso della
traduzione.
I dati ottenuti sono stati esaminati con i metodi di analisi quantitativa,
qualitativa e contrastiva. I risultati, da una parte, dimostrano una solida risposta
degli studenti nell’impiegare gli universali traduttivi come strategie di traduzione
specializzata; d’altro canto, i dati ottenuti rappresentano un prezioso indicatore
per l’insegnante su quali segmenti sia indispensabile lavorare per raggiungere
una competenza traduttiva soddisfacente dal punto di vista delle esigenze del
mercato del lavoro.
REGIONALIZMI U FRANCUSKOM JEZIKU: ANALIZA JEZIČKIH POSEBNOSTI REGIJA NA EVROPSKOJ TERITORIJI FRANCUSKE
Authors: Bojić Anica
Published: April 2024

U radu se bavimo analizom jezičke situacije u Francuskoj uzimajući
za predmet istraživanja regionalizme karakteristične za njene različite oblasti.
Istraživanje je zasnovano na proučavanju regionalnih izraza aktuelnih trinaest
regija na evropskoj teritoriji Francuske koje smo svrstali u grupe na osnovu
njihove geografske pozicije i sličnosti lingvističke situacije i tako podijelili
teritoriju Heksagona na pet značajnih jezičkih oblasti. Pokušavamo da utvrdimo
porijeklo, pronađemo ekvivalente u standardnom francuskom i pružimo
adekvatan prevod francuskih regionalizama na crnogorski jezik. Pri odabiru
riječi koje smo tumačili, koristili smo se najskorije sprovedenim istraživanjima
u domenu francuskih regionalizama. U pitanju je rad lingviste Matje Avanzija
(Mathieu Avanzi) koji je na osnovu onlajn anketa u svojoj knjizi Atlas du
français de nos régions, kao i na blogu Français de nos régions koji vodi već
duži niz godina, pružio na uvid stotinak tematskih karata urađenih na osnovu
odgovora od strane desetine hiljada ispitanika, a koje oslikavaju aktuelnu jezičku
situaciju povodom zastupljenosti regionalizama u francuskim regijama.
DANTE IN NJEGOŠ TRA CONSENSI E DISSENSI DELLA CRITICA LETTERARIA
Authors: Vukčević Marko
Published: April 2024

La critica e le interpretazioni scientifiche documentano l’interesse
secolare degli studiosi dell’opera letteraria del sovrano e poeta montenegrino
Petar II Petrović Njegoš nella ricerca e nell’identificazione di fonti concettuali
esterne, di modelli letterari e di ispirazioni poetiche sul suo poema filosoficoreligioso il Raggio del Microcosmo. La complessità di tali influssi e la loro
disparità cronologica consentono, seppur parzialmente, di rintracciare una serie
di aspetti correlati e affinità suggerite a livello tematico, che la critica letteraria
njegošiana suggerì trovarsi nelle dissonanze sul tema del presupposto di
dipendenza e di influenza dantesca nella matrice concettuale e letteraria che
potesse essere l’ispirazione per il Raggio. Il presente contributo offre una breve
panoramica dei più importanti autori, scienziati e ricercatori di diverso
orientamento che, dalla fine dell’Ottocento fino ad oggi, hanno contribuito al
tentativo di definire aspetti specifici e principali linee portanti di questo percorso
comparatistico in relazione alle possibili influenze del capolavoro del più grande
poeta italiano sul capolavoro del più grande poeta montenegrino.
STEREOTYPING IN THE WORKS OF INDIAN ENGLISH AUTHORS: ANITA DESAI, RUTH PRAWER JHABVALA AND KIRAN DESAI
Authors: Đorić Francuski Biljana
Published: April 2024

Based on stereotyping the Other, both Orientalism and Occidentalism
focus on representations of the West and the East, the Self and the Other, and
their binary oppositions. These stereotyped images are especially present in
postcolonial literature, including the works by Indian English authors. The
dichotomy between the Orient and the Occident can, naturally, be best expressed
by writers who are of hybrid origin, such as Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, Anita Desai
and Kiran Desai. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the instances of
Orientalist and Occidentalist discourse in some of their works, in which even the
protagonists are hybrid people, belonging at the same time to both of these two
worlds, to the East and to the West.
Orientaciones de Terapia Ocupacional en la intervención de personas mayores institucionalizadas
Authors: Serrato Mendoza María Paula
Published: April 2024

Según la Ley 949 de 2005: La Terapia Ocupacional es una disciplina que estudia la naturaleza del desempeño ocupacional de las personas y las comunidades, la promoción de los estilos de vida saludables y la prevención, el tratamiento y rehabilitación de personas con discapacidades y limitaciones, utilizando procedimientos de acción que comprometen el autocuidado, el juego, el esparcimiento, la escolaridad y el trabajo como áreas esenciales de su ejercicio, proporcionando bienestar y calidad de vida a los beneficiados, ya sea a nivel individual o comunitario. (p. 1) Por ello, a través de diversos métodos, técnicas y actividades con propósito, se busca favorecer la participación en las ocupaciones, generando la mayor funcionalidad, independencia y autonomía posible. Desde el ámbito de la Seguridad Social, la precitada ley menciona que, el terapeuta ocupacional “lidera la construcción y ejecución de planes y proyectos de aporte a sus fines, promoviendo competencias ocupacionales en los campos en los cuales aquella se desarrolle en función del desempeño ocupacional” (p. 1). Para efectos de este documento, el campo en el que se aporta es el de la seguridad social con la población de personas mayores, que son aquellas que superan los 60 años, sujetos de derecho y de especial protección constitucional, que están inmersos en la comunidad, con garantías y responsabilidades respecto de sí mismas, su familia, su sociedad, su entorno inmediato y, con las futuras generaciones (Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, 2021).
DETERMINASI KETEPATAN WAKTU PENYAMPAIAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN DARI PERSPEKTIF RASIO KEUANGAN PADA PERUSAHAAN PARIWISATA DAN REKREASI TAHUN 2020-2022
Authors: Mentari Nandita Ulya , Utomo Rochmad Bayu
Published: April 2024

Pada periode Pelaporan Keuangan tahun 2020-2022, Perusahaan Sub Sektor Pariwisata dan rekreasi menjadi perusahaan yang mendominasi keterlambatan pelaporan keuangan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melakukan analisis pengaruh rasio keuangan antara lain likuiditas, profitabilitas dan leverage terhadap ketepatan waktu penyampaian laporan keuangan. Semakin tinggi likuiditas dan profitabilitas merupakan pertanda baik sehingga laporan keuangan akan lebih cepat disajikan oleh perusahaan, sedangkan semakin tinggi leverage merupakan hal buruk sehingga perusahaan memiliki potensi menunda penyampaian laporan keuangannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif melalui analisis regresi logistik melalui bantuan aplikasi SPSS, teknik pengambilan sampel yang dimanfaatkan adalah purposive sampling dan diperoleh 36 perusahaan yang memenuhi kriteria. Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil bahwa likuiditas, profitabilitas dan leverage perusahaan tidak mempengaruhi ketepatan waktu penyampaian laporan keuangan. Penelitian ini diharapkan berimplikasi kepada regulator kebijakan dalam membuat peraturan dalam hal penyampaian laporan keuangan, serta kondisi perusahaan dan kondisi ekonomi nasional yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam pembuatan kebijakan kepada perusahaan yang menyampaikan laporan keuangannya secara terlambat.
ANALISIS KEMISKINAN RUMAH TANGGA SEKTOR INFORMAL DI PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Pulungan Muhnifah Azmi , Haryanto Tri
Published: April 2024

Salah satu tantangan utama dalam pengentasan kemiskinan terkait ketenagakerjaan adalah sejumlah besar pekerja di sektor informal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor di tingkat mikro dan makro yang mempengaruhi kemiskinan rumah tangga sektor informal di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder dari hasil SUSENAS Maret dan indikator makroekonomi BPS pada tahun 2021. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis multilevel logistik biner, yang memungkinkan penggunaan data dengan struktur hierarki. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor di tingkat mikro yang memengaruhi status kemiskinan rumah tangga sektor informal di Provinsi Jawa Timur tahun 2021 adalah usia KRT, pendidikan KRT, akses KRT terhadap internet, sektor pekerjaan KRT, status pekerjaan KRT (pekerja bebas), jumlah jam kerja KRT, jumlah ART, jumlah ART bekerja, dan akses terhadap kredit. Selain itu, faktor di tingkat makro yang berpengaruh signifikan adalah PDRB per kapita.
Pertumbuhan Diameter, Ketebalan dan Bobot Buah Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Akibat Pemberian Dosis Pupuk NPK dan Konsentrasi Pupuk Daun Growmore
Authors: Tripama Bagus , Jalil Abdul , Wahyudi Ferdian A. , Wahyudi Andri , Ananda Pio T.
Published: April 2024

Melon has high potential and economic value and has been developed in various fields such as plant breeding, cultivation technology, and the creation of new varieties. Proper cultivation and maintenance techniques are one of the efforts to increase melon crop production through fertilizing with the right type of fertilizer and dosage and concentration. Information on the use of NPK fertilizer and Growmore Fertilizer to increase the diameter, thickness, and weight of melon fruit has not been found. Therefore, this study aimed to increase the diameter, thickness, and weight of melon fruit. This research was expected to get a better diameter, thickness, and weight of melon. This research was conducted in the experimental garden of the Muhammadiyah University of Jember. Research implementation began in January 2023 with an altitude of ± 98 m asl. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) with two factors and three replications, namely: NPK fertilizer: P0 = 0 g/plant (control), P1 = 600 kg/ha (15 g/plant), P2 = 800 kg/ha (20 g /plant). Growmore leaf ertilizer N0 = 0 g/l (control), N1 = 3 g/l, N2 = 4 g/l (125 ml/plant). Observational variables consisted of: planted fruit weight (kg), fruit weight per plot (kg), fruit diameter (mm), and flesh thickness (mm). In the variables of planting fruit weight and fruit weight per treatment plot that gave the highest yields were P1 with yields of 1.14 kg and 7.52 kg, N2 with yields of 1.09 kg and 6.68 kg, and P1N2 interactions gave the highest yields of 1 .28 kg and 8.20 kg. The variable diameter of the treated fruit that gave the highest yield was P1 with a yield of (24.30 mm) N2 with a yield of (23.09 mm and the P1N2 interaction gave the highest yield of 127.89 mm. On the variable thickness of the treated fruit, the highest yield was P2 with a yield of (5.47 mm, N2 with a yield of (4.61 mm), and P1N2 interaction gave the highest yield of 38.00 mm.  
Key words: diameter; thickness; melon fruit; NPK; growmore
Functional ingredient derived from processed brown rice extract activates human macrophage and promotes its shifting from mitochondrial to glycolytic energy metabolic activation
Authors: Takanashi Keita , Dan Katsuaki , Shinozuka Tatsuo , Watanabe Kenji , Jing Yu , Tomobe Koji
Published: April 2024

Background: Brown rice (BR) has various beneficial effects. Recently, functional ingredient derived from processed BR (Kinmemai rice extract [KR-ex.]) has been developed in Japan, which reportedly decreases subjects’ “susceptibility to catching colds.” However, the effects of KR-ex. on the immune system remain unclear.
Objective: This study aimed to examine the immunostimulant effects of KR-ex., focusing on the expression of activation markers and intracellular energy metabolic activity using human monocyte (U937)-derived macrophage cells.
Methods: Cell activity was assessed using the gene expression of interleukin-1β and cyclooxygenase-2 as activation markers. The energy metabolic activity in mitochondria was evaluated using the expression of uncoupling protein 2 and the oxygen consumption rate, whereas that in glycolysis was evaluated using the expression of glucose transporter 1 and the amount of lactate released.
Results: The results showed that the KR-ex. group had significantly higher expression of activation markers than the control group. Moreover, the KR-ex. group showed decreased mitochondrial metabolic activity and increased glycolytic metabolic activity compared to the control group.
Conclusions: These results suggest that KR-ex. activates human macrophages and promotes the shifting of the intracellular energy metabolism from the mitochondria to glycolysis.
Keywords: Brown rice; Functional ingredient; Immunostimulant effect; Macrophage; Intracellular energy metabolism; Mitochondria; Glycolysis