bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural, Organizational, and Interpersonal Factors Influencing Interprofessional Collaboration on Sexual Assault Response Teams
Authors: Cole Jennifer
Published: February 2016

Sexual Assault Response Teams (SARTs) are multidisciplinary teams that coordinate multiple systems (e.g., medical, law enforcement, prosecutors, and rape crisis center advocates) to provide comprehensive care to victims and to collect high-quality forensic evidence to facilitate investigation and prosecution. Relatively little guidance is provided about effective teamwork strategies in resources on forming SARTs. Using in-depth surveys with the SART coordinators and telephone surveys (including close-ended and open-ended questions) with 79 professionals involved in three active, formal SARTs in one state, this study examined structural, organizational, and interpersonal factors that influence interprofessional collaboration on SART. Study findings indicate that perceived structural factors and interpersonal factors were significantly associated with SART members’/responders’ perceptions of the quality of interprofessional collaboration on their SART. Findings suggest that individuals’ perceptions of professionalization and power disparities between professions pose challenges to perceived interprofessional collaboration on SART. Compared with criminal justice and medical professionals, victim advocacy rated the level of collaboration on their SART significantly lower. The overall picture from the data was that SART professionals perceived mutual respect, trust, and commitment to collaboration to be pervasive on their SARTs, even though recognition of professional conflicts was also prevalent, suggesting that professionals understood that interpersonal conflict was distinct from professional conflict. Initial SART trainings should address the benefits of the team response, professional roles, and communication and conflict resolution skills, and ongoing training should provide professionals the opportunity to raise positive and negative examples of their collaborative efforts to explore existing tensions and constraints on the team for conflict resolution.
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/carbon black (CB) microporous membranes produced from PTFE/CB composite particles prepared by heterocoagulation process
Authors: Zhang Shijie , Li Qiuying , Liu Yujin , Wu Chifei , Guo Weihong
Published: February 2016

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/carbon black (CB) microporous membranes with excellent properties were successfully prepared via heterocoagulation process and mechanical stretching method. Heterocoagulation was achieved using PTFE emulsion with 26% solid content, an intermediate product of the commercial PTFE dispersions with 60% solid content, and CB dispersions to prepare PTFE/CB composite particles by mechanical stirring, which is the unique content in this article. Furthermore, in order to obtain uniform distribution of CB particles within the membrane matrix as well as improve color uniformity and mechanical strength of the microporous membranes, CB was pretreated by a titanate coupling agent (NDZ-201). The PTFE/CB composite particles were then used to prepare the PTFE/CB microporous membranes via mechanical stretching operation. Several important properties of the prepared PTFE/CB microporous membranes, such as tensile strength, porosity, contact angles, morphology, and dynamic mechanical properties, were investigated. Results showed that the fabricated PTFE/CB microporous membranes possessed color uniformity, high tensile strength, and high hydrophobicity.
High prevalence of extra-genital chlamydial or gonococcal infections among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru
Authors: Allan-Blitz Lao-Tzu , Leon Segundo R , Bristow Claire C , Konda Kelika A , Vargas Silver K , Flores Juan A , Brown Brandon J , Caceres Carlos F , Klausner Jeffrey D
Published: February 2016

Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are among the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infections in the world. Data are limited, however, on the burden of extra-genital chlamydial and gonococcal infections among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru. Data were gathered from self-collected anal or pharyngeal swabs from participants in Lima, Peru, and analyzed via cross-sectional methods. Prevalence ratios for the association between extra-genital infection with socio-demographic and sexual behaviors were determined. Overall, 127 (32.8%) participants had anal or pharyngeal infections. On multivariate modeling, anal infection was positively associated with practicing both receptive and insertive anal sex, when compared to insertive alone (PR = 2.49; 95% CI = 1.32–4.71), and negatively associated with any antibiotic use in the prior three months (PR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.39–0.91). Pharyngeal infection was negatively associated with age greater than 30 years compared to 18–30 years (PR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.30–0.96), and positively associated with gender identity of transgender women (PR = 2.12; 95% CI = 1.20–3.73). This study demonstrates considerable burden of extra-genital chlamydial and gonococcal infections among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru.
The emergence of psychiatric semiology during the Age of Revolution: evolving concepts of ‘normal’ and ‘pathological’
Authors: Londoño Diego Enrique , Dening Tom
Published: February 2016

This article addresses some important questions in psychiatric semiology. The concept of a sign is crucial in psychiatry. How do signs emerge, and what gives them validity and legitimacy? What are the boundaries of ‘normal’ and ‘pathological’ behaviour and mental experiences? To address these issues, we analyse the characteristics and rules that govern semiological signs and clinical elements. We examine ‘normality’ from the perspective of Georges Canguilehm and compare the differences of ‘normal’ in physiology and psychiatry. We then examine the history and the philosophical, linguistic and medical-psychiatric origins of semiology during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (the Age of Revolution). The field of rhetoric and oratory has emphasized the importance of passions, emotions and language as applied to signs of madness. Another perspective on semiology, provided by Michel Foucault, lays stress on the concept of ‘instinct’ and the axis of voluntary-involuntary behaviour. Finally, we analyse how statistics and eugenics have played an important role in our current conceptualization of the norm and therefore the scientific discourse behind the established clinical signs.
Prepubertal exposure to T-2 toxin advances pubertal onset and development in female rats via promoting the onset of hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis function
Authors: Yang R , Wang Y-M , Zhang L , Zhao Z-M , Zhao J , Peng S-Q
Published: February 2016

T-2 toxin, a naturally produced Type A trichothecene mycotoxin, has been shown to damage the reproductive and developmental functions in livestocks. However, whether T-2 toxin can disturb the pubertal onset and development following prepubertal exposure remains unclear. To clarify this point, infantile female Sprague–Dawley rats were given a daily intragastric administration of vehicle or T-2 toxin at a dose of 375 μg/kg body weight for 5 consecutive days from postnatal day (PND) 15–19 (PND15–PND19). The days of vaginal opening, first diestrus, and first estrus in regular estrous cycle were advanced following T-2 toxin treatment, indicating prepubertal exposure to T-2 toxin induced the advancement of puberty onset. The relative weights of uterus and ovaries and the incidence of corpora lutea were all increased in T-2 toxin-treated rats; serum hormone levels of luteinizing hormone and estradiol and the messenger RNA expressions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and GnRH receptor also displayed marked increases following exposure to T-2 toxin, all of which were well consistent with the manifestations of the advanced puberty onset. In conclusion, the present study reveals that prepubertal exposure to a high level of T-2 toxin promotes puberty onset in infantile female rats by advancing the initiation of hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis function in female rats.
Successful treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with subcutaneous immunoglobulin
Authors: Brasileiro A , Fonseca Oliveira J , Pinheiro S , Paiva-Lopes M J
Published: February 2016

The therapeutic efficacy of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients is well established. However, side effects might limit its use and lead to the consideration of therapeutic alternatives, such as the subcutaneous formulation of immunoglobulin, which has been used in some patients with other autoimmune diseases. We report a case of SLE refractory to classical therapies. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin was effective, but gave rise to significant side effects. The patient was successfully treated with subcutaneous human immunoglobulin, achieving and maintaining clinical and laboratory remission. A lower immunoglobulin dose was needed and no side effects were observed, compared to the intravenous administration. Subcutaneous immunoglobulin could be a better-tolerated and cost-saving therapeutic option for select SLE patients.
Impact of pulmonary disease on patient-reported outcomes and patient-performed functional testing in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Fidler L , Keen K J , Touma Z , Mittoo S
Published: February 2016

Objectives

This study examines the effect of pulmonary disease on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and patient-performed outcome (PPO) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients at a single tertiary referral center.

Methods

Pulmonary function tests (PFTs), chest imaging, SLE-related damage, and disease activity were examined in 110 SLE patients. Presence was noted of abnormal PFTs, pleural disease, pulmonary hypertension (PH), pulmonary infarction, interstitial lung disease (ILD), and shrinking lung syndrome (SLS). PROs included the Medical Outcome Short Form-36 Health Survey, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Fatigue Severity Scale, Borg Dyspnea Scale, patient dyspnea and cough. The PPO of interest was the six-minute walk test (6MWT). Relationships amongst PROs, 6MWT, and pulmonary disease were studied.

Results

Pulmonary disease was present in 62 (56%) of 110 subjects: 54 (49%) abnormal PFT, 13 (12%) pleural disease, 12 (11%) ILD, 11 (10%) SLS and five (5%) PH. Dyspnea was the only PRO found to be significantly associated with pulmonary disease ( P = 0.0004). Participants with pulmonary disease compared to those without had significantly reduced distance ( P = 0.00015, 95% CI for mean 39–125 m) and predicted distance ( P = 0.00001, 10%–26%) on 6MWT.

Conclusions

Pulmonary disease is common in SLE and adversely impacts 6MWT distance and dyspnea without apparent influence on other PROs. The 6MWT may be a promising tool in the assessment of pulmonary disease in SLE.
‘Enabling dissent’: Contesting austerity and right populism in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Thomas Mark , Tufts Steven
Published: February 2016

Following the 2008 financial crisis, austerity measures have been introduced in many national contexts to reorganise public sector work and redesign labour laws and labour policies. At the same time, right-populist discourses and movements have arisen in ways that give both legitimacy and voice to the politics of austerity. Toronto, Canada, provides a world-renowned case of populist experimentation at the metropolitan scale, as the actions of Mayor Rob Ford typified this nexus of austerity and populism. Set in the context of Ford’s term as Mayor of Toronto (2010–2014), this article asks how the combined rise of austerity and right populism creates both new challenges and new opportunities for public sector labour in urban spaces. We argue that public sector unions are central in both the making and unmaking of populist austerity and identify potential trajectories for organised labour in the face of the continuation of austerity-driven politics.
K–12 Students Eligible Solely Under Section 504
Authors: Zirkel Perry A. , Weathers John M.
Published: February 2016

This analysis provides an update of the national incidence data for “504-only” students, that is, students who are not eligible under the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act but are eligible under the broader definition of disability in Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, as amended by the Americans With Disabilities Act of 2008. More specifically, this article analyzes the data for 504-only students overall and for selected student and school characteristics based on the 2011–2012 Civil Rights Data Collection (CRDC) and compares the results with the parallel analysis of the 2009–2010 CRDC. The findings include a national incidence of 1.48%, as compared with 1.02% for 2009–2010, and continuing notable difference for student race/ethnicity and gender, and for school Title I status. However, the more recent data do not show a notable difference between the percentages of 504-only students in charter and non-charter schools. The discussion includes research as well as policy considerations.
Understanding How Bereaved Parents Cope With Their Grief to Inform the Services Provided to Them
Authors: Stevenson Moire , Achille Marie , Liben Stephen , Proulx Marie-Claude , Humbert Nago , Petti Antoinette , Macdonald Mary Ellen , Cohen S. Robin
Published: February 2016

Our objective was to develop a rich description of how parents experience their grief in the first year after the death of their child, and how various bereavement follow-up and support services helped them during this time, with the aim of informing follow-up and support services offered to bereaved parents. Our findings situated parents’ individual experiences of coping within the social and institutional contexts in which they grieved. In the first year after the death of their child, parents regulated their intense feelings of grief through loss-oriented, restoration-oriented, and/or meaning reconstruction strategies. Often, parents’ relationships with others and many of the bereavement follow-up and support services helped them in this regard. This article also explores how the results may aid service providers in accompanying parents in a way that optimizes outcomes for these parents.
Pathways That Affect Wives’ HIV Risk Among Serodiscordant Couples in India
Authors: Patel Shilpa N. , Hennink Monique M. , Hynes Michelle E. , Yount Kathryn M. , Kosambiya Jayesh K. , Wingood Gina M. , Sutton-Brown-Fox Camille , McCarty Frances , Windle Michael
Published: February 2016

This study examined factors that mitigate or heighten HIV risk among HIV-negative wives in serodiscordant relationships in Gujarat, India. Grounded theory was used to analyze 46 interviews (23 couples) where husbands were HIV-positive and wives were HIV-negative. A conceptual framework emerged from analysis from which we identified five pathways and four key behaviors: (a) safer sex, (b) no sex, (c) coercive sex, and (d) unprotected sex. Most couples either practiced safe sex or abstained from sex. Factors such as wives’ assertiveness, a wife’s fear of acquiring HIV, mutual understanding, positive sex communication, and a husband’s desire to protect wife influenced safe sex/sexual abstinence. Factors such as desire for children, a husband’s alcohol use, and intimate partner violence influenced coercive and unprotected sex. Counseling topics on sex communication, verbal and non-verbal safer sex strategies, as well as addressing intimate partner violence and alcohol use may be important in preventing risk to HIV-negative wives.
HIV’s Syndemic Links With Mental Health, Substance Use, and Violence in an Environment of Stigma and Disparities in Japan
Authors: DiStefano Anthony S.
Published: February 2016

A syndemics orientation has become a valuable lens through which to understand the complex system dynamics of HIV, HIV’s links to other social and health problems, and the design of effective, comprehensive interventions. Using data from a broader ethnographic study of HIV epidemics in the Kansai Region and Tokyo Metropolitan Area of Japan, I found that HIV was synergistically linked with poor mental health, substance use, and violence, suggesting the existence of at least three syndemics. These occurred in an environment of stigma and social and health disparities, particularly for men who have sex with men, transgender persons, immigrants, and people living with HIV. Integrated interventions, led by Japan’s HIV nongovernmental organizations and supported by the government, should more aggressively target stigma, which underlies most of the syndemic connections. Quantitative research should build upon the ethnographically derived associations shown here and test whether there are additive syndemic effects.
The PTEN/Akt Signaling Pathway Mediates Myocardial Apoptosis in Swine After Coronary Microembolization
Authors: Wang Jiangyou , Chen Han , Su Qiang , Zhou You , Liu Tao , Li Lang
Published: February 2016

Background/Aims:

Phosphatase and the tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) has been recognized as a promoter of apoptosis in various tissues and has been shown to be upregulated in circumstances of coronary microembolization (CME). We hypothesized that the upregulation of PTEN correlates with CME-induced myocardial apoptosis.

Methods:

Swine CME was induced by an intracoronary injection of inert plastic microspheres (diameter of 42 μm) into the left anterior descending coronary, with or without pretreatment of the PTEN small-interfering RNA (siRNA). Echocardiological measurements, a pathological examination, Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl Transferase Mediated Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) staining, and Western blotting, were performed to assess their functional, morphological, and molecular effects in CME.

Results:

PTEN was aberrantly upregulated in cardiomyocytes following CME. Downregulation of PTEN in vivo via siRNA was associated with improved cardiac function and attenuated myocardial apoptosis; concomitantly inhibited the expression of key proapoptotic proteins, such as phosphorylated Bad (p-Bad); cleaved caspase-3; and enhanced the expression of key antiapoptotic proteins, such as phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt). However, there was no difference in the Akt-regulated downstream protein IκB kinases (IKKα, IKKβ, and IKKγ) among the sham, CME, and control siRNA groups.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates, for the first time, that the PTEN/Akt signaling pathway contributes to cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The data generated from this study provide a rationale for the development of PTEN-based therapeutic strategies for CME-induced myocardial injury.
Scarcity of Primary Care Positions May Divert Physician Assistants Into Specialty Practice
Authors: Morgan Perri , Himmerick Kristine A. , Leach Brandi , Dieter Patricia , Everett Christine
Published: February 2016

Background: Physician assistants (PAs) are often suggested as a partial solution to predicted primary care workforce shortages, but a declining proportion of PAs are entering primary care practice. Policy efforts have focused on increasing primary care PA supply, but low labor market demand might be constricting the primary care PA pipeline. Method: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, we compare primary care and specialty job postings to each other and to occupied PA positions. Job posting data for 2014 are from a leading labor analytics firm. Results: Only 18% of job postings were in primary care, compared with 27% of occupied PA positions. The proportion of postings that were for primary care varied widely by state (9% to 40%) and were highest in the West. Discussion: Job availability is a potential barrier to PAs practicing in primary care, especially in some locations. Other job factors are examined and policy solutions are suggested.
Perfusion reduction in the absence of structural differences in cognitively impaired versus unimpaired RRMS patients
Authors: Hojjat Seyed-Parsa , Cantrell Charles Grady , Carroll Timothy J , Vitorino Rita , Feinstein Anthony , Zhang Lying , Symons Sean P , Morrow Sarah A , Lee Liesly , O’Connor Paul , Aviv Richard I
Published: February 2016

Background:

Cognitive impairment affects 40%–68% of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. Gray matter (GM) demyelination is complicit in cognitive impairment, yet cortical lesions are challenging to image clinically. We wanted to determine whether cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and mean transit time (MTT) differences exist between cognitively impaired (CI) and unimpaired (NI) RRMS.

Methods:

Prospective study of healthy controls ( n = 19), CI ( n = 20), and NI ( n = 19) undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cognitive testing <1 week apart. White matter (WM) T2 hyperintense lesions and T1 black holes were traced. General linear regression assessed the relationship between lobar WM volume and cortical and WM CBF, CBV, and MTT. Relationship between global and lobar cortical CBF, CBV, and MTT and cognitive impairment was tested using a generalized linear model. Adjusted Bonferroni p < 0.005 was considered significant.

Results:

No significant differences for age, gender, disease duration, and any fractional brain or lesion volume were demonstrated for RRMS subgroups. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale–Depression (HADS-D) were higher in CI. Lobar cortical CBF and CBV were associated with cognitive impairment ( p < 0.0001) after controlling for confounders. Cortical CBV accounted for 7.2% of cognitive impairment increasing to 8.7% with cortical CBF ( p = 0.06), while WM and cortical CBF accounted for 8.2% of variance ( p = 0.04).

Conclusion:

Significant cortical CBF and CBV reduction was present in CI compared to NI in the absence of structural differences.
Book Review: Ukaga, O., Ukiwo, U.O. and Ibaba, I.S., editors, 2012: Natural Resources, Conflict, and Sustainable Development: Lessons from the Niger Delta
Authors: Ahmed Iqbal
Published: February 2016

Ukaga, O., Ukiwo, U.O. and Ibaba, I.S., editors, 2012: Natural Resources, Conflict, and Sustainable Development: Lessons from the Niger Delta. New York/Oxford: Routledge. 174 pp. £85.00 hardback, £30.90 paperback, £28.50 e-book. ISBN: 10: 0415806917 (hardback). ISBN: 041575450X (paperback).
Taking the fun out of it: the spoiling effects of researching something you love
Authors: Rossing Hilde , Scott Susie
Published: February 2016

This reflexive analysis of two sports ethnographers’ studies of an aerobics class and a swimming pool explores the effects of doing fieldwork on a physical activity that one loves. While using our bodies as phenomenological sites of perception initially created an epistemological advantage, researching the familiarly beloved not only ‘took the fun out of’ the activity, but also more profoundly challenged our ‘exercise identities’. Emulating poor technique, enduring interactional awkwardness, and deep acting role performances, combined to take their toll, so that ‘going native’ became a matter not just of intellectual disadvantage but of ontological destabilisation. Doing activity-based ethnography on something personally special is a double-edged sword: on the one hand elucidating awareness, but on the other depriving the researcher of pleasure and ‘spoiling’ aspects of their identity.
Factors affecting dropout in the smoking cessation outpatient clinic
Authors: Bahadir Ayse , Iliaz Sinem , Yurt Sibel , Ortakoylu Mediha Gonenc , Bakan Nur Dilek , Yazar Esra
Published: February 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of discontinuation in the smoking cessation outpatient clinic (SCC) and to examine the features of noncompliance. We retrospectively included 1324 smokers into the study. Patients were divided into two groups, as those who discontinued (dropped out) follow-up (group 1) and those who stayed in follow-up (group 2). Of the total 1324 smokers, 540 (40.8%) patients were in group 1. The mean age, smoking pack-years, and Fagerstrom scores of group 1 were lower than group 2 ( p = 0.001, p = 0.008, and p = 0.007, respectively). In addition, the choice of treatment was also different between groups ( p < 0.001). Motivational/behavioral therapy and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) were more common in group 1 compared with group 2. There was no difference among groups in gender, having household smokers, history of antidepressant treatment, previous quit attempts, and educational status ( p > 0.05). Almost 40% of our patients did not come to their follow-up SCC visit. Younger age, lower Fagerstrom score, low amount of daily cigarette consumption, and being treated only with behavioral therapy or NRT were detected as the characteristics of the dropout group. Awareness of the characteristics of smokers who drop out of SCC programs may provide for the implementation of personalized treatment at the first appointment.
Capacity and Capability Building for National HRD
Authors: Alagaraja Meera , Githens Rod Patrick
Published: February 2016

Human resource development (HRD) scholars have grappled with the question of developing theoretical and conceptual frameworks that capture the complexities of building human capital capacity and capability at a national level. Relying on national HRD (NHRD) and international development literatures, we develop a multi-level framework for understanding capacity and capability building that is useful for assessing national development priorities for countries in general. We theorize that NHRD priorities must consider the simultaneous development of financial, industrial, and workforce capacities at the national, organizational, and individual levels. The conceptual framework considers positive as well as negative NHRD synergies that can emerge from linking financial, industrial, and workforce capacities to capability-building efforts at the national, organizational, and individual levels. In doing so, the framework contributes to the NHRD-model-building approaches in the extant HRD literature.
Discovery and verification of urinary peptides in type 2 diabetes mellitus with kidney injury
Authors: Fu Guangzhen , Du Ye , Chu Lina , Zhang Man
Published: February 2016

Varying degrees of renal injury could lead to different changes in urinary protein composition. We want to find urinary candidate peptide biomarkers in type 2 diabetic patients with different extents of kidney injury. Two sets of patients were recruited. Discovery set: weak cationic-exchange magnetic beads coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used to profile the low-molecular weight peptidome in urine samples from type 2 diabetes patients with normoalbuminura and microalbuminuria. The differently expressed urinary peptides were screened by ClinProTools2.1 bioinformatics software and identified through nano-liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Verification set: the above screened urinary peptides were validated by use matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry on another group of type 2 diabetes patients with different extents use of kidney injury. In the screening and identification stages, seven urinary peptides were selected as the most promising biomarker candidates, and they were identified as fragments of vitronectin precursor, isoform 1 of fibrinogen alpha chain precursor, prothrombin precursor and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4. The diagnostic efficacy of these urinary peptides was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and they were 0.767, 0.768, 0.868, 0.910, 0.860, 0.843, and 0.865, respectively. In the verification stage, m/z 1743.9, 2154, 2175.5, and 2184.9 were decreased as albumin-to-creatinine (Alb/Cre) increased and m/z 2231.1, 2430.8, and 2756.1 were elevated as Alb/Cre rose. These small molecule peptides are related to type 2 diabetes kidney damage, and they may play an important role in monitoring type 2 diabetes.
Comprehensive Assessment of Health Needs of Young Minority Males Attending a Family Planning Clinic
Authors: Pastuszak Alexander W. , Wenker Evan P. , Smith Peggy B. , Abacan Allyssa , Lamb Dolores J. , Lipshultz Larry I. , Buzi Ruth
Published: February 2016

The objective of this study was to assess the overall health, including sexual and reproductive health (SRH) knowledge and needs, sexual behaviors, and testicular health practices among young minority males. Anonymous questionnaires were administered to 18- to 25-year-old males receiving services at health clinics in a large southwestern U.S. city. The survey was completed by 258 males with a mean age of 20.8 years. Most young males (67.1%) identified as African American, and 32.9% as Hispanic. Results suggest study participants lack SRH knowledge related to pregnancy and condom effectiveness, and engage in risky sexual behavior including not using birth control at their last sexual encounter. Although 21.6% of participants had a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the past year, approximately 80% perceived their STI/HIV risk as very low or low. Respondents had low engagement and lack of knowledge of testicular health practices. The majority of respondents (71.1%) reported having been in a physical fight one or more times and 18.1% reported being victims of intimate partner violence. These data support a need for comprehensive health services for minority young males.
The Association of Erectile Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Critical Review
Authors: Raheem Omer A. , Su Jeannie J. , Wilson Joel R. , Hsieh Tung-Chin
Published: February 2016

Despite strong association between erectile dysfunction (ED) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), there is a paucity of clear clinical guidelines detailing when and how to evaluate for ED in patients with known CVD, or vice versa. This systematic review discuss the role of cardiologists and urologists in the characterization of risk and management of CVD in the setting of ED, as well as contrasting the current evaluation of CVD and ED from the standpoint of published consensus statements. A comprehensive literature review utilizing MEDLINE®, the Cochrane Library® Central Search, and the Web of Science was performed to identify all published peer-reviewed articles in the English language describing ED and CVD across various disciplines. There is strong consensus that men with ED should be considered at high risk of CVD. Available risk assessment tools should be used to stratify the coronary risk score in each patient. The 2012 Princeton III Consensus Conference expanded on existing cardiovascular recommendations, proposing an approach to the evaluation and management of cardiovascular risk in men with ED and no known CVD. This systematic review highlights the similarities and differences of the existing clinical guidelines and recommendations regarding assessment and management of ED and CVD, as well as the pathophysiological linkage between ED and CVD, which may permit physicians, including urologists, to perform opportunistic screening and initiate secondary prophylaxis with regard to cardiovascular risk factors, particularly in young, nondiabetic men with ED.
No Man Left Behind: Effectively Engaging Male Military Veterans in Counseling
Authors: Kivari Carson A. , Oliffe John L. , Borgen William A. , Westwood Marvin J.
Published: February 2016

Ex-military men have emerged as a vulnerable subgroup for mental illness amid long-standing trends signaling men’s reticence to seek professional help. Less explored is how men engage or disengage when they actually do enter helping programs. Contrasting decades of quantitative research pairing masculine ideology with low help seeking (i.e., describing the problem), this article draws on qualitative data to distill factors that help men become engaged and committed to counseling (i.e., identifying solutions). Shared is an evaluation of a treatment program with high success rates and virtually no dropouts—a unique occurrence in men’s counseling. Enhanced Critical Incident Technique data suggest that helping men feel competent and free from judgment in the company of down-to-earth peers and genuine practitioners are instrumental in helping men draw benefit from counseling. While appealing to male gender roles may be critical in recruiting men to counseling, men can transition to embrace virtues (i.e., that might be shared by men and women alike) and universal human needs as counseling progresses.
A Brief Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Primary Care Physicians: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Schroeder David A. , Stephens Elizabeth , Colgan Dharmakaya , Hunsinger Matthew , Rubin Dan , Christopher Michael S.
Published: February 2016

Primary care physicians experience high rates of burnout, which results in diminished quality of life, poorer quality of care, and workforce attrition. In this randomized controlled trial, our primary aim was to examine the impact of a brief mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on burnout, stress, mindfulness, compassion, and resilience among physicians. A total of 33 physicians completed the baseline assessment and were randomized to the Mindful Medicine Curriculum (MMC; n = 17) or waitlist control group (n = 16). Participants completed self-report measures at baseline, post-MBI, and 3-month follow-up. We also analyzed satisfaction with doctor communication (DCC) and overall doctor rating (ODR) data from patients of the physicians in our sample. Participants in the MMC group reported significant improvements in stress (P < .001), mindfulness (P = .05), emotional exhaustion (P = .004), and depersonalization (P = .01) whereas in the control group, there were no improvements on these outcomes. Although the MMC had no impact on patient-reported DCC or ODR, among the entire sample at baseline, DCC and ODR were significantly correlated with several physician outcomes, including resilience and personal achievement. Overall, these findings suggest that a brief MBI can have a positive impact on physician well-being and potentially enhance patient care.
Experimental testing of the dual-layer Woven EndoBridge device using an elastase-induced aneurysm model in rabbits
Authors: Ding Yong-Hong , Dai Daying , Schroeder Dana , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Kallmes David F
Published: February 2016

The dual-layer Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device (WEB II) is designed to improve the performance of the first-generation WEB device. This study was performed to evaluate the acute and chronic performance of WEB II for aneurysm occlusion in an elastase-induced aneurysm model in rabbits. We implanted WEB II devices in 36 elastase-induced aneurysms and followed up for one, three, six, and 12 months. Degree of aneurysm occlusion at follow-up was graded on the Web Occlusion Scale (WOS): Grade A, complete aneurysm occlusion; Grade B, complete occlusion with recess filling; Grade C, residual neck filling; and Grade D, residual aneurysm filling. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed for histological assessment of aneurysm healing. Grades A, B, C, and D aneurysm occlusion at one-month follow-up were noted in three (17%), three (17%), eight (44%), and four (22%) of 18 cases, respectively. At the three-month time point Grades A, B, C, and D were shown in two (33%), two (33%), one (17%), and one (17%) aneurysms. Six months after treatment, one (17%), two (33%), two (33%), and one (17%) cases demonstrated Grades A, B, C, and D occlusion. At the 12-month time point, Grades B, C, and D were shown in three (50%), two (33%), and one (17%) aneurysms. Histologic evaluation showed progressive thrombus organization within aneurysm lumen from one to 12 months. These results indicated that the WEB II device can achieve high rates of aneurysm occlusion over time in experimental aneurysms.
Optimizing Grounded Theory for Policy Research
Authors: Richards Cameron , Farrokhnia Farrokh
Published: February 2016

Grounded theory (GT) has become an influential methodology for research inquiry which involves the texts of human communication and language use as its primary empirical focus of data collection and analysis. However, influential models of GT have been most typically applied to the process of interpreting nonformal and especially “unstructured” texts such as conversations, interviews, and online communications. By contrast, policy researchers have the rather different challenge of interpreting the innate contradictions, diverse imperatives, and often conflicting perspectives which inform the meanings of policy positions as well as documents across different contexts. Building upon the interdisciplinary implications of recent constructivist models of the methodology, this article investigates how an optimizing “knowledge-building” approach represents an exemplary model for using GT for policy document research purposes. It does so in relation to the case study of a project focused on emergent as well as contextual dilemmas of analyzing World Trade Organization e-commerce policies.
A Closed Lateral Subtalar Dislocation With Checkrein Deformity of Great Toe due to Entrapment of Flexor Hallucis Longus
Authors: Tanwar Yashwant Singh , Singh Satyaprakash , Arya Rajender Kumar , Aujla Navneet , Mathur Ashish , Kharbanda Yatinder
Published: February 2016

Closed lateral subtalar dislocation is a very rare injury. We report a case of closed lateral subtalar dislocation with entrapment of flexor hallucis longus tendon producing a checkrein deformity. The patient was managed immediately with closed reduction under regional anesthesia and fixated with percutaneous Kirschner wires. Early mobilization and weightbearing was started and there were no complications till the last follow-up visit.

Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case study
An Isolated Chronic Osteochondral Fracture of the Third Metatarsal Head Treated With Bioabsorbable Pins
Authors: Kurashige Toshinori , Suzuki Seiichi
Published: February 2016

An osteochondral fracture of the metatarsal head is generally the result of direct trauma and is associated with additional proximal fractures of the medially adjacent metatarsals. An isolated osteochondral fracture of the metatarsal head is extremely rare, with only 10 published case reports. Open reduction and internal fixation was performed in 6 of 10 cases and in 2 of 4 chronic cases, each with different implants previously. The mechanism of injury was considered to be shear force in 5 of the reported cases. It is difficult to achieve and maintain reduction in these cases, and the best method for treatment of this type of fracture is unclear. We report a case of an isolated chronic osteochondral fracture of the third metatarsal head in a 14-year-old boy. The boy reported pain in his third metatarsophalangeal joint on dismounting from a bicycle 2 months prior to presentation. He could play soccer at first; however, the pain worsened after running long distances. Therefore, he was referred to our department. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an osteochondral fracture of the metatarsal head without Freiberg’s disease. We achieved a good result 12 months postoperatively by using open reduction and internal fixation with 2 bioabsorbable thread pins.

Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case study
Media Effects on Politicians
Authors: Helfer Luzia
Published: February 2016

Media attention is a crucial factor determining what issues make it onto the political agenda. However, studies have also shown that this political agenda-setting effect is not automatic. The present study conceptualizes the media’s influence on politics as a function of the media message and the background of politicians and focuses on the moment a member of parliament (MP) learns about an issue through a news report. What aspects of a news report make politicians take action? And are some politicians more likely to take action than others? It introduces an innovative factorial survey experiment to isolate media effects by asking Swiss politicians ( N = 50) to evaluate fictional news reports. Analyses show that news reports on an issue their party owns covering a negative development published in a quality newspaper are more likely to lead to action. However, negative news mainly affects junior MPs. In contrast to previous studies, issue specialization of the MP does not have a significant effect. Findings are discussed in light of the role of the political system and the power of the media in politics.
School Nurses on the Front Lines of Medicine
Authors: Olympia Robert P.
Published: February 2016

Pediatric emergencies, such as the exacerbation of medical conditions and injuries, may occur in the school setting. This article introduces the “School Nurses on the Front Lines of Medicine” series by discussing the incidence and the most common emergencies that occur in schools as well as published guidelines for school emergency preparedness.
Capturing the multilevel dynamics of emergence
Authors: Kozlowski Steve W. J. , Chao Georgia T. , Grand James A. , Braun Michael T. , Kuljanin Goran
Published: February 2016

Emergent phenomena—those that manifest bottom-up from the psychological characteristics, perceptions, and interactions among individuals—are a fundamental dynamic process in multilevel theory, but have been treated in a very limited way in the research literature. In particular, treatments are largely assumed (rather than observed directly), retrospective, and static. This paper describes a research paradigm designed to examine directly the dynamics of micro-meso—individual, dyad, and team—emergent phenomena. We identify, describe, and illustrate the sequence of theoretical, measurement, computational, data analytic, and systematic research activities that are necessary to operationalize and utilize the paradigm. We illustrate the paradigm development process using our research, focused on learning and team knowledge emergence, and highlight key design principles that can be applied to examine other emergent phenomena in teams. We conclude with a discussion of contributions, strengths and limitations, and generalization of the approach to other emergent phenomena in teams.
Extending dynamic network theory to group and social interaction analysis
Authors: Westaby James D. , Woods Naomi , Pfaff Danielle L.
Published: February 2016

This article proposes a markedly new conceptual approach to group and social interaction analysis, grounded in transformative advances in dynamic network theory. The framework first theoretically identifies the small set of behavioral elements that can be influential across social contexts. Example behavioral elements include goal striving to advance a communication or viewpoint, system supporting of others, goal preventing, and affect-based system negating. The framework distinctively allows researchers to simultaneously combine the elements to explain complex units, such as a person disagreeing with another (goal prevention), but in a warm and caring way (system support). The approach also provides new insight into how behavioral elements elapse over time, such as our distinct characterization of support cycles (e.g., reinforcement, comfort, and submissive) and conflict cycles (e.g., basic, heated, and acidic). The approach uniquely demonstrates how lower-level behavioral elements can be used to predict higher-level emergent states and climates, such as hostile climates.
Once upon a time
Authors: Leenders Roger Th. A. J. , Contractor Noshir S. , DeChurch Leslie A.
Published: February 2016

For as long as groups and teams have been the subject of scientific inquiry, researchers have been interested in understanding the relationships that form within them, and the pace at which these relationships develop and change. Despite this interest in understanding the process underlying the unfolding of relationships in teams, current theoretical and operational formulations of team process require greater specificity if they are to truly afford a high-resolution understanding. Most researchers interested in team process, study it as either a snapshot, or as a limited series of snapshots, rather than as a continuous movie displaying the nuanced sequential interactions unfolding among varying subsets of team members. Given the increasing availability of rich data regarding team dynamics, corresponding advances are needed in conceptual and analytic frameworks to utilize continuous-time data to further our understanding of team processes. This paper identifies four challenges that hinder the identification of team process/dynamics and elaborates a theoretical approach with the associated analytic machinery needed to advance a truly time-sensitive understanding of team process.
Intentions to receive a potentially available Lyme disease vaccine in an urban sample
Authors: Fogel Joshua , Kusz Martin
Published: February 2016

Objectives:

The only human Lyme disease vaccine of LYMErix was voluntarily removed from the market in the United States in 2002 for a number of reasons. A new human Lyme disease vaccine is currently being developed. We would like any future approved human Lyme disease vaccine to be of interest and marketable to consumers.

Methods:

We surveyed 714 participants to determine variables associated with intentions to receive a Lyme disease vaccine. Predictor variables included demographics, protection motivational theory, Lyme disease knowledge, Lyme disease preventive behaviors, beliefs and perceived health.

Results:

We found in multivariate linear regression analyses that Asian/Asian American race/ethnicity ( p < 0.001), South Asian race/ethnicity ( p = 0.01) and coping appraisal variables of response efficacy ( p < 0.001) and self-efficacy ( p < 0.001) were each significantly associated with increased intentions. The belief that vaccines are typically not safe was significantly associated with decreased intentions ( p = 0.03).

Conclusions:

Asian/Asian American and South Asian race/ethnicities have a strong interest in receiving a Lyme disease vaccine. Although pharmaceutical companies may benefit by advertising a Lyme disease vaccine to Asian/Asian Americans and South Asians, marketers need to address and use approaches to interest those from other race/ethnicities. Also, marketers need to address the erroneous belief that vaccines are typically not safe in order to interest those with such beliefs to use a Lyme disease vaccine.
Personalized medicine in thrombosis: back to the future
Authors: Nagalla Srikanth , Bray Paul F.
Published: February 2016

Most physicians believe they practiced personalized medicine prior to the genomics era that followed the sequencing of the human genome. The focus of personalized medicine has been primarily genomic medicine, wherein it is hoped that the nucleotide dissimilarities among different individuals would provide clinicians with more precise understanding of physiology, more refined diagnoses, better disease risk assessment, earlier detection and monitoring, and tailored treatments to the individual patient. However, to date, the “genomic bench” has not worked itself to the clinical thrombosis bedside. In fact, traditional plasma-based hemostasis-thrombosis laboratory testing, by assessing functional pathways of coagulation, may better help manage venous thrombotic disease than a single DNA variant with a small effect size. There are some new and exciting discoveries in the genetics of platelet reactivity pertaining to atherothrombotic disease. Despite a plethora of genetic/genomic data on platelet reactivity, there are relatively little actionable pharmacogenetic data with antiplatelet agents. Nevertheless, it is crucial for genome-wide DNA/RNA sequencing to continue in research settings for causal gene discovery, pharmacogenetic purposes, and gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. The potential of genomics to advance medicine will require integration of personal data that are obtained in the patient history: environmental exposures, diet, social data, etc. Furthermore, without the ritual of obtaining this information, we will have depersonalized medicine, which lacks the precision needed for the research required to eventually incorporate genomics into routine, optimal, and value-added clinical care.