bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uji anti kolesterol secara in-vitro ekstrak metanol kulit bawang merah (Allium cepa l.) dengan metode ekstraksi refluks dan sokletasi
Authors: Mutiara Mutiara Oktarima , Tutik Tutik , Primadiamanti Annisa
Published: January 2025

Background: Cholesterol is an important molecule in humans, with excess and deficiency of its levels in the body can cause various diseases. One alternative treatment is to use shallot skin extract.
Purpose: To determine whether there is cholesterol lowering activity from the methanol extract of shallot skin (Allium cepa l.).
Method: The extraction used is by heating, namely extraction by soxhletation and reflux.
Results: The phytochemical test for the content of methanol extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The yield results from the soxhletation and reflux extraction methods that have been carried out are 12.5% and 14%. UV-Vis spectrophotometer test with the Lieberman-Burchad method was used to determine the ability to reduce cholesterol levels.
Conclusion: Methanol extract of shallot skin in this study can reduce cholesterol levels in vitro based on the UV-Vis spectrophotometer results of methanol extract of shallot skin (Allium cepa L.) for cholesterol reduction which was shown to be 24.4% in the soxhletation method and 37.5 % on the reflux method. In this study there were obstacles, namely the wrong use of cholesterol standard solution which resulted in the formation of a brown solution instead of a green complex reaction.
Keywords: Shallot Skin; Soxhletation; Reflux; UV-Vis Spectrophotometry; Anticholesterol.
Pendahuluan: Kolesterol merupakan suatu molekul penting pada manusia, dengan kelebihan dan kekurangan kadarnya dalam tubuh dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit. Salah satu pengobatan alternative yaitu dengan menggunakan ekstrak kulit bawang merah.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya aktivitas penurunan kadar kolesterol dari ekstrak methanol kulit bawang merah (AlliumcepaL.).
Metode: Ekstraksi yang digunakan dengan cara pemanasan yaitu ekstraksi secara sokletasi dan refluks.
Hasil: Uji fitokimia kandungan ekstrak metanol menunjukan adanya senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin dan saponin. Hasil rendemen dari metode ekstraksi sokletasi dan refluks yang telah dilakukan diperoleh 12,5% dan 14%. Uji spektrofotometer UV-Vis dengan metode Lieberman-burchad digunakan untuk menentukan kemampuan penurunan kadar kolesterol.
Simpulan: Ekstrak metanol kulit bawang merah pada penelitian ini dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol secara in vitro berdasarkan hasil spektrofometer UV-Vis ekstrak metanol kulit bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) terhadap penurunan kolesterol ditunjukan sebesar 24,4% pada metode sokletasi dan 37,5% pada metode refluks. Pada penelitian ini terdapat kendala yaitu kesalahan penggunaan larutan baku kolesterol yang mengakibatkan tidak terbentuk reaksi kompleks hijau melainkan terbentuk larutan coklat.
Evaluasi penggunaan antibiotik pada kasus demam tifoid ditinjau dari berbagai literatur
Authors: Adi Ismaya Nurwulan , Yuliandanur Eka
Published: January 2025

Pendahuluan: Pengobatan utama untuk demam tifoid adalah dengan pemberian antibiotik. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tepat dibutuhkan untuk mengatasi masalah resistensi antibiotik. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu kegiatan untuk menjamin mutu penggunaan obat yang tepat dan rasional, salah satunya adalah Evaluasi Penggunaan Obat (EPO). Penelitian yang dilakukan Hasyul tahun 2019 dari hasil evaluasi penggunaan obat di Puskesmas Cibatu, Tarogong, dan Cisarupan di Kabupaten Garut pada Januari-Desember 2017, didapatkan 96,68% pasien tepat indikasi pemberian antibiotik, sebanyak 58,27% tepat antibiotik, sebanyak 63,32% tepat dosis, dan 49,75% tepat lama pemberian.
Tujuan: Mengetahui evaluasi penggunaan antibiotik pada kasus demam tifoid ditinjau dari berbagai literatur.
Metode: Kualitatif dengan metode studi literatur.
Hasil dan Simpulan: Berdasarkan jenis kelamin persentase paling banyak yaitu perempuan sebesar 51,496%. Berdasarkan usia persentase paling banyak berusia 5-24 tahun sebesar 56,894%. Dari lima penelitian, terdapat 3 penelitian dengan persentase antibiotik tunggal terbanyak yang digunakan untuk terapi demam tifoid yaitu seftriakson. Sedangkan 2 penelitian lainnya persentase antibiotik terbanyak yaitu sefotaksim. Berdasarkan tepat indikasi persentase tertinggi yaitu pada penelitian Hekmawati & Mutmainah, Athaya et al., Widodo, dan Hapsari sebanyak 100%. Berdasarkan tepat pasien persentase tertinggi yaitu pada penelitian Hekmawati & Mutmainah, Athaya et al., dan Hapsari sebanyak 100%. Berdasarkan tepat obat persentase teringgi yaitu pada penelitian Hapsari sebanyak 97,62%. Berdasarkan tepat dosis persentase tertinggi yaitu pada penelitian Athaya et al. sebanyak 80%.
Tujuan: Mengetahui evaluasi penggunaan antibiotik pada kasus demam tifoid ditinjau dari berbagai literatur. Metode: Studi literatur.
Hasil: Berdasarkan jenis kelamin persentase paling banyak yaitu perempuan sebesar 51,496%. Berdasarkan usia persentase paling banyak berusia 5-24 tahun sebesar 56,894%. Dari lima penelitian, terdapat 3 penelitian dengan persentase antibiotik tunggal terbanyak yang digunakan untuk terapi demam tifoid yaitu seftriakson. Sedangkan 2 penelitian lainnya persentase antibiotik terbanyak yaitu sefotaksim. Berdasarkan tepat indikasi persentase tertinggi yaitu pada penelitian Hekmawati & Mutmainah, Athaya et al., Widodo, dan Hapsari sebanyak 100%. Berdasarkan tepat pasien persentase tertinggi yaitu pada penelitian Hekmawati & Mutmainah, Athaya et al., dan Hapsari sebanyak 100%. Berdasarkan tepat obat persentase teringgi yaitu pada penelitian Hapsari sebanyak 97,62%. Berdasarkan tepat dosis persentase tertinggi yaitu pada penelitian Athaya et al. sebanyak 80%.
Securing Machine Learning Models: Homomorphic Encryption and its impact on Classifiers
Authors: Adamsetty Rishitha , Cherukuri Aswani Kumar , Jonnalagadda Annapurna
Published: January 2025

Homomorphic encryption (HME) enables encrypted computations and provides secure data analysis while addressing key concerns around data privacy and regulatory compliance. It has significant implications for machine learning (ML) models, particularly in enhancing the privacy, security, and usability of ML models. Training ML models on homomorphically encrypted data is a growing area of research. While HME offers several security-related benefits to ML models,  there are concerns about the ML models performance, when applied over homomorphically encrypted data. Research efforts are needed to analyse the potential impact of HME on the performance of ML models. This paper deals with our work in this direction, presenting the analysis of various ML classifiers on homomorphically encrypted data. We discuss the performance of classifiers such as logisticregression, Support Vector Machines, Neural networks and Decision trees on data encrypted using HME. We follow a systematic approach to analyse the performance in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Our results indicate that the performance of classifiers is nearly identical to the results obtained when they applied on unencrypted data.
On the spectrum of the lacunary Cesaro operator
Authors: Nuray Fatih
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we extend the classical Cesaro operator by introducing the concept of the lacunary Cesaro operator, which incorporates the idea of lacunary sequences. We examine the operator's matrix representation and its adjoint, establishing the boundedness of these operators on Banach spaces, including the spaces of sequences that converge to zero, absolutely summable sequences, and bounded sequences. Additionally, we determine the spectrum of the operator, showing that it adapts to the structure of the underlying lacunary sequence. Notably, the spectral radius remains equal to one for a wide range of lacunary sequences.
Assessing the efficiency of maximum likelihood, interquartile range, and Monte Carlo methods for estimating Weibull distribution parameters
Authors: Kingsley Edidiong Sonia , Badmus Nofiu Idowu
Published: January 2025

This study compares three statistical methods such as Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), Interquartile Range (IQR) Estimation, and Monte Carlo Estimation in survival data analysis using the Weibull distribution. The primary objective is to assess each method's robustness, sensitivity to outliers, and computational efficiency. The research focuses on breast cancer survival data obtained from Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, and explores the effectiveness of each technique in the presence of censored data. Sensitivity analysis reveals how parameter changes influence model accuracy. Results indicate that MLE is sensitive to data characteristics, while IQR Estimation offers robustness against outliers. Monte Carlo Estimation demonstrates flexibility but shows computational complexity in handling skewed data.
Share price dynamics of listed companies on the Dhaka stock exchange using geometric Brownian motion
Authors: Miah Shihan
Published: January 2025

The stock prices of publicly traded companies exhibit continuous and random fluctuations over time, necessitating the inclusion of a stochastic term in dynamic models to accurately capture this behavior. This study applies the geometric Brownian motion (GBM) model to analyse the stock prices of 20 randomly selected companies listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE). The GBM model was resolved through Monte Carlo simulation to forecast stock prices over a trading horizon of approximately 30 to 35 days. Using historical data from the first four months of 2024, we predicted the share prices for the subsequent one-and-a-half months. The comparison between forecast and actual prices demonstrated a high level of concordance, with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of less than 8%. These findings underscore the efficacy of the model in providing robust predictions of share prices for selected companies.
A Molecular Basis for the Onset of Turbulence
Authors: Muriel Amador
Published: January 2025

We analyze existing data on the onset of turbulence for pipe flow in the light of a molecular theory for the onset of turbulence. In contrast to the use of derived quantities for characterizing the onset of turbulence, such as the Reynolds number, we restrict our data and analysis using observable quantities such as molecular properties and critical velocities. We find a rationale for the molecular origin of turbulence, in contrast to the exclusive use of continuum theory.
Engineering Antibodies for Human Therapy
Authors: Padlan Eduardo
Published: January 2025

Antibodies have many potential uses in industry and medicine. Through protein engineering, the structure of an antibody can be altered and the molecule made more efficacious for human therapy. For example, the immunogenicity of a nonhuman antibody can be reduced by 'humanization,' and improvements can be made on its pharmacodynamics. In addition, new properties and reactivities can be engineered into the molecule, such as multispecificity, multivalency, greater stability, etc.
Jose Encarnacion: A Memorial
Authors: Fabella Raul , de Dios Emmanuel
Published: January 2025

Motivated primarily by what the authors call 'an instrumentarian perspective,' official circles are rediscovering the importance of global academic excellence. This essay argues that if public policy is to truly promote academic excellence, it is important to understand universities from within, through the lives of 'unalloyed academics' like the late Jose Encarnación. The country's most outstanding economist until his death in 1997, Encarnación was dean of the UP School of Economics for two decades and was later named Professor Emeritus, member of the National Academy, and National Scientist. His single-minded pursuit of excellence and unwavering commitment to the highest principles of scholarship continues to be the yardstick against which all academics must measure themselves.
The Development and Commercialization of the YY-Male Tilapia Technology
Authors: Abella Tereso , Abucay Jose , Sevilleja Ruben , Mair Graham
Published: January 2025

The birth of the "supermale tilapia" has significantly contributed to freshwater aquaculture in the Philippines. This technology is the result of a breeding program for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), combining sex-reversal and progeny testing to produce the novel 'YY' male genotype, with the objective of producing an all-male tilapia population known as the genetically male tilapia (GMT). YY-males, when mated to XX females, produced a mean progeny sex ratio of 95% male. The GMT, the product of the technology, has shown better growth performance in grow-out ponds and other production facilities. The technology has proven to be an effective means of controlling unwanted reproduction in tilapia and overcrowding in ponds. This technology has been commercialized and has benefited tilapia farmers.
Farmer-Scientist RDE Training Program in a Corn-Based Production System for Sustainable Agricultural Development
Authors: Davide Romulo
Published: January 2025

A brief history of the development of systematic entomology in the Philippines is presented. Early collections, descriptions, and nomenclature of Philippine insects were done by foreigners, mostly from Great Britain, Germany, and the United States of America. Japanese workers on Philippine materials came much later, starting in the 1960s.
It was only after World War II (1950s) that Filipino taxonomists/systematists began to study groups of economically important insects and mites. Twelve to fifteen systematists in the entire country have their respective specializations, but these experts could not study all of the 20,000 or more species of insects and mites existing in the country.
The orders of insects are tabulated, together with the number of species and subspecies under each order. Priorities in future studies should be in the orders Coleoptera (beetles and weevils) and Lepidoptera (moths). Other recommendations are enumerated.
The most critical problem is how to attract, train, and nurture promising scientists who will be the future insect systematists
Helminth Zoonoses in the Philippines: Public Health Problems Associated with Eating Habits and Practices
Authors: Eduardo Salcedo
Published: January 2025

A number of helminth zoonoses have been recorded in the Philippines, and the majority of these are transmitted through food. These include echinostomosis, artichinostomosis, heterophydosis, camcophallosis, paragonimosis, opisthorchiosis, fasciolosis, taeniosis/cysticercosis, spirometrosis/sparganosis, gnathostomosis, intestinal capillariosis, angiostrongylosis, and anisakiosis. The causative agents involved, animal hosts, human infections with these diseases, and their distribution and transmission are discussed.
Taenia saginata asiatica is recently recognized as one of the two causes of human taeniosis in the Philippines. Previous reports locally of Taenia saginata were in fact of Taenia saginata asiatica, thus data for the former are now referable to the latter. The pig and its liver serve as the intermediate host and organ predilection site of the cysticercus (larval form), respectively, for this species. Accordingly, meat inspection of slaughter pigs should now include the examination of the liver and not only of the muscles, as currently practiced. The mudfish, Channa striata (dalag), is recently recorded to harbor the larva of Gnathostoma doloresi. Human infection with the nematode may occur through ingestion of improperly cooked infected fish.
While some of these zoonotic diseases are now rarely observed, still others continue to be public health problems. Many are endemic in certain areas of the Philippines because of the food habit of consuming raw or partly cooked fish, edible snails, crustaceans, and meat in these areas.
More studies on the epidemiology and transmission, including the animal hosts involved locally, are still needed for some of these problems. Changing eating habits and practices can prevent human infection with many of these diseases. Proper disposal of fecal materials from both humans and animals can also help control or, if not, cut the life cycle of many of these infectious agents. These, however, require an aggressive health education campaign in order to be successful.
Chaos in the Activated Sludge Process
Authors: Quano Ely Anthony
Published: January 2025

The activated sludge process is used to remove biodegradable organic impurities in wastewater using bacteria and other microorganisms to decompose the organic impurities into water, carbon dioxide, and additional microbial cells. One of the main problems in the operation of the activated sludge process is the occurrence of sudden and often unexplained process instability or upsets. A number of hypotheses have been developed to explain the nature and cause of process instability. The process kinetics involve a number of non-linear and linear differential equations to define the predator-prey relationship among various microbial species, the dominance and predominance of specific species in the presence of poisons, biochemical catalysts, and types of substrate. The kinetic models of the activated sludge process are very complex.
Using the basic kinetic model for the completely mixed activated sludge process, the chaotic behavior of the system was studied. The study also identified the process and design variables creating chaos and estimated the ranges of those design and operating variables within which chaos takes place. The study confirmed that the activated sludge process is unstable when operated under (i) a very short detention time of less than 2 hours; (ii) very stringent effluent quality, i.e. less than 2 mg/l; and (iii) very high influent COD concentration with detention time set at 4 hours or less. Increasing the detention time increases the system's stability.
Gearing National ST Capability for Global Competitiveness in the 21st Century: Theoretical and Empirical Considerations
Authors: Umpa Camar
Published: January 2025

Although many explanations have been offered about why some nations, but not others, are able to industrialize and attain rapid and sustained economic growth, the role of the development of technological capability appears to be the most compelling. This paper initially presents some historical and theoretical arguments about the vital role of the adoption of new technologies in the industrialization and economic success of the rich nations of the world. It then examines the empirical relationship between (1) economic success, measured by per capita GNP of nations, and (2) technological capability, measured by: (a) size of R&D manpower, and (b) level of expenditure on R&D activities. Results of the analysis of both worldwide (70 nations, World Bank and UNESCO) and time series (Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan) data support the contention that indeed economic success is a function of technological capability. On the basis of consistent historical, theoretical, and empirical evidence, it is proposed that the Philippines, or any country for that matter, may only attain global competitiveness in the 21st century by adequately improving its national technological capability. This can be done by increasing the number and quality of R&D personnel and spending a bigger proportion of GNP on R&D activities.
Unseen: Advancing Digital Accessibility with Binaural Audio Technology in an Immersive Gaming Prototype
Authors: Rodrigues Claudia Susie C. , Nazareth Vitoria , Azevedo Ramon O. , Barbosa Priscyla , Werner Cláudia
Published: January 2025

The growing significance of accessibility, particularly in the realm of disability rights, is unmistakable. "Unseen" emerges as a prototype leveraging binaural audio technology to craft an immersive 3D gaming experience, placing a paramount focus on promoting accessibility and digital inclusion. Its primary objective is to deliver a immersive audiogaming encounter, catering to both sighted gamers and individuals with visual impairments. Through a comprehensive evaluation of the prototype, the efficacy of its audiogame interactions and mechanisms was assessed. Valuable insights gleaned from laboratory tests not only pinpointed areas for game enhancement but also shed light on elements that fostered user satisfaction and motivation. These research results notably exemplify promoting digital accessibility in gaming, particularly through the utilization of binaural audio, and the active engagement of individuals with visual impairments in the virtual environment.
Self-concepts applied as a strategy to measure the level of acceptance of a Serious Game
Authors: Lins Anthony , Correia Walter Franklin Marques , Campos Fábio Ferreira da Costa , Van Gisbergen Marnix , Teixeira João Marcelo Xavier Natário
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the application of Self-Concepts, a Semantic-Differential Scale-based methodology, to evaluate a Serious Game designed for cognitive impairment assessment using the MoCA test and augmented reality (AR) for mobility analysis. A case study involved seven elderly participants. Despite some challenges in navigating the AR environment and cognitive tests, self-concept evaluations consistently demonstrated high user expectations and positive experiences with the digital artifact. This study validates the process and highlights the potential of Self-Concepts in assessing product acceptance within user groups.
Perspective Chapter: Modeling and Optimization Approaches of Physicomechanical Attributes for Biocomposite-Cultivating Pots
Authors: E. Elashry Manar , G. Khater Elsayed , A. Ali Samir
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores the physicomechanical attributes of biocomposite materials used in cultivating pots, focusing on the modeling and optimization of filler compositions. It integrates analytical models to predict the behavior of biocomposites under varying conditions. The chapter also employs a hybrid TOPSIS-Taguchi method to optimize filler proportions, achieving an optimal balance between mechanical performance and sustainability. By investigating sustainable filler materials, the study advances the development of eco-friendly biocomposites, optimizing both functional properties and environmental impact. This approach bridges the gap between theoretical predictions and real-world applications, contributing to the innovative use of fillers and enhancing the durability and sustainability of biocomposite-cultivating pots.
Endemic Species of Elasmobranchs (Sharks and Rays) in South America: A Review
Authors: Branco-Nunes Ilka , Araújo Camila , Ferreira Emmanuely , Mendonça Sibele , Alves Natalia , Nunes Diogo , Viana Danielle , Oliveira Paulo
Published: January 2025

Elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) generally have intrinsic biological characteristics (e.g., low fecundity, large body sizes, slow growth rates, late sexual maturity, and long lifespans) that make them highly vulnerable to anthropic actions. Predatory fishing, pollution, and degradation of natural habitats have been declining strongly the populations of sharks and rays worldwide. It is essential to understand the diversity of species that occur in this very limited group (∼1200 species), in addition to identifying their level of endemism in coastal and island areas. In this context, several non-lethal techniques can be developed and used to help better understand the ecology and behavior of these sharks and rays, with the hope of contributing to the conservation of this fascinating group.
Actual Aspects of Growing Leguminous Crops in the South of Ukraine under Different Moisture Conditions
Authors: Lavrenko Sergiy , Lavrenko Nataliia
Published: January 2025

As a member of the UN, Ukraine has joined the global process of ensuring sustainable development and fulfilling 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 tasks. One of the main aspects of fulfilling these tasks is the increase in the production of food protein of animal and plant origin. Unfortunately, it is not possible to rapidly increase the amount of animal protein, but it is possible to create a model of constant growth due to the cultivation of legumes, which are similar to animal protein. In this sense, the most suitable crops are chickpeas, grasspea, lentils, and beans. In the south of Ukraine, the main limiting factor in increasing the productivity of agricultural plants is the amount of moisture, its uneven distribution during the growing season, and critically high air temperatures. The specified conditions make the constant search for technological solutions to level the unfavorable conditions of the external environment difficult. Also, a method of overcoming stressful situations is the use of plant growth and development stimulants on leguminous crops. The specified environmental factors and technological ways of solving them in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine are extremely relevant and timely, and they will be presented in the scientific work.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN DENTAL PRACTITIONERS OF ENDODONTICS IN ROMANIA BASED ON A QUESTIONNAIRE
Authors:   Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Anca Gabriela Gheorghe , Bănică Alexandra Carina , Gheorghiță Lelia Mihaela , Diaconu Oana Andreea , Diaconu Cezar Tiberiu , Țuculină Mihaela Jana
Published: January 2025

(1) Background: The constant technological progress, occurring sometimes at a rapid pace, can be challenging for some dentists, demanding significant additional effort to acquire knowledge and adapt to new techniques. New methods and materials should be implemented throughout the medical field, regardless of the specialty, from establishing the diagnosis using three-dimensional imaging to the actual endodontic treatment. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study was designed to assess Romanian dentists' use of modern endodontic techniques and materials through an online questionnaire targeting dentists who perform endodontic treatments as part of their clinical practice. The survey was conducted over seven months, from November 2022 to May 2023. (3) Results: 207 fully validated responses were obtained, resulting in a response rate of 69%. (4) Conclusions: Upon analysis of the questionnaire responses, a substantial proportion of medical professionals demonstrate openness to the utilization of contemporary technological advancements within the field of endodontics.
CUSTOMIZED (CAD/CAM) POST AND CORE – CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING FABRICATION
Authors:   Department of  Odontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania, Bugălă Smaranda-Adelina , Rîcă Ana-Maria , Albulescu Dana Maria ,   Department of  Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania, Boicea Ancuța Ramona ,   Department of  Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania, Țuculină Mihaela Jana
Published: January 2025

The aim of this systematic review was to present existing CAD/CAM materials on post-core restorations in terms of content, materials, fabrications, and performance. The research methodology for this work followed PRISMA guidelines and strategy by integrating a refined methodical search approach, setting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and specifying certain requirements based on which the relevant literature will be selected for the synthesis of results. Three independent reviewers conducted database searches to obtain literature from the years 2013 to 2024, which was later summarized. A total of 185 titles were obtained through electronic database searches. Regarding the post and core restoration,  advancements have been made in both conventional and CAD/CAM technologies. To date, several methodologies have been published regarding the CAD/CAM post-core restoration of endodontically treated teeth using direct and indirect methods.
DIGITAL IMPRESSION TECHNOLOGIES – INTRAORAL SCANNING USED IN RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY
Authors:   Department of Oral Morphology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania, Amărăscu Marina Olimpia , Târtea Adrian Daniel ,   Dental Technologies, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania, Subțirelu Dan ,   Dentist with private practice, Craiova, Romania, Popescu Sanda Mihaela ,   Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania, Marinescu Iulia Roxana , Popescu Adrian Marcel , Drăghici Emma Cristina
Published: January 2025

(1) Background: In recent years, there have been many technological advances in intraoral scanners.  These developments have improved the efficiency and accuracy of intraoral scanning in CAD/CAM procedures.  (2) Aim: The study aimed to compare results obtained in dental impression technology with intraoral scaner to impressions taken with conventional impression materials.  (3) Methods: the stages of two types of clinical oral rehabilitation (in dentate and edentulous patients) were compared.  In each clinical situation, both impressions were taken using the classic impression method and digital impressions by intraoral scanning, one involving fixed prosthetics and the other removable prosthetics.  (4) Results: During and after taking intraoral impressions using both the classic and digital methods via intraoral scanning, the digital impression produced a more positive perception than the classic impression. The time needed to perform an impression was statistically significantly shorter for digital one in dentate patients but longer in edentulous patients. (5) Conclusions: Intraoral digital impression techniques offer significant advantages over conventional methods that use impression material to increase patient comfort and improve communication between patients, dental technicians, and clinicians. These advantages are essential for dentate patients.
Survei Tingkat Skill Related Fitness Pada Siswa-Siswi Sekolah Dasar Negeri Gugus 1-4 Fase C di Kecamatan Kedungkandang Kota Malang
Authors: Munawiri Mohamad Falih , Wiguno Lokananta Teguh Hari
Published: January 2025

Carrying out this study aims to determine the value of physical fitness related to skills in students at SDN Gugus 1-4, Kedungkandang District, Malang City, because there is no data related to physical fitness and sports teachers have never measured students' physical fitness levels. This research method uses quantitative descriptive methods with survey techniques. The subjects taken in this research were 95 students using the Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling technique. The Indonesian Student Fitness Test (TKSI) is the instrument used in this research. Descriptive statistics in this study were used to analyze the data. The results of the study concluded that 53.47% of students from Gugus 1-4 State Elementary School, Kedungkandang District, Malang City were dominant in the poor category, with details of 6.74% or 8 students in the good category, 31.58% or 50 students in the medium category, 14.70% or 35 students in the poor category. , 0% or 2 students are classified as very poor.
Pengaruh Metode Outdoor Learning terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Karangan Deskripsi Siswa Kelas IV di MIS YPI Batang Kuis
Authors: M. Kholidtur Rahman Lubis  , Tri Indah Kusumawati  , Aufa Aufa
Published: January 2025

The research that has been conducted is entitled "The Effect of the Outdoor Learning Method on the Ability to Write Descriptive Writing of Class IV Students at MIS YPI Batang Kuis" and is based on the phenomenon that the ability to write is still very limited, especially writing descriptive essays. In this case, it can result in student creativity not being able to develop optimally and find it difficult to find new ideas or ideas in the learning process. The research methodology used quantitative research quasi experiment design. The population in this study were all grade IV students of MIS YPI Batang Kuis consisting of IV A and IV B totalling 47 students. The sampling technique was carried out by Non Probability Sampling, through the form of total sampling (Boring Sampling). That is, choosing a sample with all the population being sampled and the population can only be two classes. This research instrument is in the form of a description essay writing test and documentation. Data processing tools use data requirement tests and t tests. The results of the study revealed that (1) the average pre-test of the experimental class was 65.09 while the average pretest of the control class was 64.21, (2) the average posttest of the experimental class after being given treatment in the form of learning using outdoor learning methods was obtained at 83.12 while the average posttest of the control class was given treatment in the form of conventional learning obtained an average of 72.54 Thus it can be concluded that the average posttest of the experimental class is higher than the average posttest of the control class. (3) The results of the t test calculation obtained tcount greater than ttable (2.915> 2.074), so it can be concluded that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Based on the research findings above, it follows that the use of outdoor learning methods in the learning process has an effect on the ability to write descriptive essays in class IV YPI Batang Kuis School Year 2023/2024.
Ilmu sebagai Kunci Kesuksesan Dunia dan Akhirat Menurut Al-Quran dan Hadist
Authors: Muhammad Zainul Arifin  , Ainur Rofiq Sofa
Published: January 2025

Knowledge plays a central role in Islamic teachings, both as a means to achieve worldly success and salvation in the afterlife. This study aims to examine the virtue of knowledge as the key to worldly and afterlife success based on the perspective of the Qur'an and hadith. The method used is a literature review with a thematic interpretation approach and hadith analysis to examine the verses of the Qur'an and hadiths related to knowledge. The results of the study show that the Qur'an and hadith firmly place knowledge in a very high position, with knowledge being the main factor that elevates human status, both in the world and in the afterlife. In Surah Al-Mujadilah verse 11, Allah SWT states that He will elevate the status of those who have knowledge, while the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad SAW emphasize that knowledge is the path to heaven and good deeds whose rewards continue to flow. Knowledge not only leads to worldly achievements such as social, economic, and technological progress, but also becomes the main foundation for carrying out worship properly and obtaining happiness in the afterlife.
Peran Mahasiswa Magang di Balai Bahasa Sumatra Utara dalam Mengusulkan Lema Ke KBBI 6 Daring
Authors: Adiatullina Adiatullina  , Junilia Ndruru  , Menanti Simbolon  , Nancy S. Simangunsong  , Muharrina Harahap
Published: January 2025

Indonesian continues to evolve along with social, cultural, and technological dynamics, producing new vocabulary that requires systematic documentation. This research aims to identify the role of intern students at the Balai Bahasa Sumatra Utara in proposing entries for the 6th edition of the online Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language (KBBI). Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The research results show that interns made significant contributions to the lemma proposal process, which included data collection, linguistic analysis, and recommendation drafting. A total of 200 entries from the fields of physics, law, chemistry, and psychology were successfully proposed. The main findings include (1) a collaborative process between students, experts, and KBBI editors that supports the validity of lemmas; (2) contributions to the documentation of new scientific terms; and (3) challenges, such as limited reference sources and understanding of usage contexts. This research shows that the internship program not only contributes to the development of the Indonesian language but also provides practical learning experiences for students. Recommendations are provided for strengthening the internship system and optimizing the role of students in the management of the national language.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Cerita Rakyat Kelas V SD Negeri O6 Ladang Padi
Authors: Fitri Zulva Hasanah  , Otang Kurniaman  , Munjiatun Munjiatun
Published: January 2025

This study aims to describe the effect of the Project Based Learning model on the ability to write folk tales among fifth-grade elementary school students. The method used is a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design. The subjects of this study were fifth-grade students of SD Negeri 06 Ladang Padi. The sample consisted of two classes: class VA as the experimental group and class VB as the control group. The experimental class implemented the Project Based Learning model, while the control class used a text-based teaching method. The students' ability to write folk tales was measured through a pretest and posttest administered to both groups using the same question, consisting of one item. The statistical data analyzed included normality tests, homogeneity tests, and hypothesis testing, processed using SPSS 23 software. The results showed that the hypothesis test produced a significance value of 0.00 < 0.05, indicating that Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected.The influence of the Project Based Learning model can be seen in the significant improvement in the experimental class. The improvement in students' ability to write folk tales was evidenced by the difference in the average posttest scores between the experimental and control classes. The experimental class achieved an average posttest score of 80.13, while the control class scored 60.12 on average. These findings demonstrate that the implementation of the Project Based Learning model significantly affects the ability to write folk tales among fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 06 Ladang Padi.
Evaluasi Pola Asuh Grand Parenting Pada Karakter Anak SD
Authors: Intan Maulidah  , Elma Ayu Pratama  , Rika Izzatun Nikmah  , Muhammad Nofan Zulfahmi
Published: January 2025

This research aims to evaluate the grand parenting approach and its influence on the character development of elementary school children. Grand parenting, which involves grandparents in the caregiving process, plays a crucial role in shaping children's values and attitudes. The methodology employed in this study is a qualitative approach, utilizing in-depth interviews and observations to assess the interactions between grandparents and their grandchildren. The findings reveal that the parenting styles implemented by grandparents significantly contribute to the character development of children, which includes aspects such as moral values, discipline, responsibility, and social skills. Furthermore, the strong emotional bonds between grandparents and grandchildren provide a sense of security and support essential for character development. This indicates the vital role of older generations in supporting children's character education and the need for increased attention to intergenerational relationships within families. This study recommends enhancing the involvement of grandparents in the educational processes of children, as well as the necessity for programs that foster intergenerational collaboration.
ANALISIS SIFAT FISIK DAN KIMIA ABON DAGING SAPI HOME INDUSTRY DI KOTA SURABAYA, JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Arum Amelia Arum Ramadhani , Safitri  , Saragih Winda Fransisca
Published: January 2025

Tujuan penelitian yaitu guna mengetahui sifat fisik dan kimia abon sapi home industry yang terdapat di Kota Surabaya untuk dibandingkan dengan ketentuan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Bahan penelitian adalah abon sapi yang diperoleh dari home industry abon dengan menggunakan metode metode penelitian survei lapangan dengan uji laboratorium. Pemilihan sampel menerapkan metode purposive sampling. Terdapat 8 sampel merek abon sapi home industry yang berbeda dengan 3 kali ulangan. Variabel yang diamati yaitu sifat fisik yang meliputi warna dan sifat kimia yang meliputi kadar protein, air, dan abu. Berdasarkan warnanya, abon sapi home industry di Kota Surabaya yang diuji dengan metode CIE Lab menunjukkan warna yang beragam dengan nilai rataan L* (tingkat kecerahan) 37,30-42,30%, a* (tingkat kemerahan) 3,30-7,37% dan b* (tingkat kekuningan) 7,07-12,50%. Pengujian sifat kimia abon sapi yang diamati meliputi kadar dengan rataan 5,58- 7,90%, kadar abu 3,78-11,39%, dan kadar protein 35,41-77,64 mg/L. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini pada sifat fisiknya, secara umum abon sapi di Surabaya berwarna coklat muda hingga coklat kehitaman, sedangkan sifat kimia yang meliputi rataan kadar abu dan air sudah sesuai dengan SNI serta kadar protein mempunyai nilai yang cukup bervariasi.
Analisis Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga Petani Jagung Di Desa Tamma Kecamatan Pahunga Lodu Kabupaten Sumba Timur
Authors: Wadang Arista Rambu , Retang Elfis Umbu Katongu , Mbana Febyningsi Rambu Ladu
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pendapatan, pengeluaran, dan ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani jagung di Desa Tamma Kecamatan Pahunga Lodu Kabupaten Sumba Timur. Pemilihan Desa Tamma dilakukan secara sengaja dengan pertimbangan jumlah penduduk desa tersebut yang terus meningkat dengan keadaan lahan yang kurang produktif. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Metode analisis data untuk mengetahui tingkat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani dengan menggunakanan pendekatan pangsa pengeluaran pangan. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh petani jagung di Desa Tamma dengan jumlah 418 orang. Penetapan jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Slovin, dan hasil perhitungan menetapkan bahwa jumlah sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 81 orang. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan kepada para petani jagung di Desa Tamma dijelaskan bahwa rata-rata pendapatan sebesar Rp 3.059.259/bulan. Rata-rata total pengeluaran sebesar Rp 1.510.432/bulan, dengan rata-rata pengeluaran pangan sebesar Rp 892.284/bulan, dan rata-rata pengeluaran non pangan sebesar Rp. 618.148/bulan. Dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan dalam keluarga, umumnya rumah tangga petani jagung di Desa Tamma melakukan beberapa pekerjaan sampingan. Tingkat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani jagung di Desa Tamma Kecamatan Pahunga Lodu Kabupaten Sumba Timur adalah sebesar 59,07% dengan kategori tahan pangan.
Analisis Pemasaran Ayam Pedaging (Broiler) Di Kecamatan Kota Waingapu Kabupaten Sumba Timur
Authors: Ramadhan Jayusman , Saragih Elsa Christin
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola saluran pemasaran, margin pemasaran dan efisiensi dari saluran pemasaran ayam pedaging. Penelitian ini berlokasi di Kecamatan Kota Waingapu, Kabupaten Sumba Timur. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 25 sampel peternak, 2 sampel pedagang besar, dan 4 sampel pedagang pengecer di Kecamatan Kota Waingapu Kabupaten Sumba Timur. Untuk mengetahui pola saluran pemasaran dan lembaga-lembaga yang terlibat pada pemasaran ayam pedaging di Kecamatan Kota Waingapu, dilakukan analisis deskriptif. Kemudian dilakukan analisis untuk mengetahui margin pemasaran dan efisiensi pemasaran dari setiap saluran pemasaran. Hasil analisis saluran pemasaran menggambarkan bahwa terdapat 4 saluran pemasaran ayam pedaging di Kecamatan Kota Waingapu Kabupaten Sumba Timur. Saluran pemasaran I: peternak â€“ konsumen akhir. Saluran pemasaran II: peternak â€“ pedagang pengecer â€“ konsumen akhir. Saluran pemasaran III: peternak â€“ pedagang besar â€“ konsumen akhir. Saluran pemasaran IV: peternak â€“ pedagang besar â€“ pedagang pengecer â€“ konsumen akhir. Margin pemasaran dari saluran pemasaran I adalah Rp 0/Kg. Margin pemasaran dari saluran pemasaran II adalah Rp 11.980/Kg. Margin pemasaran dari saluran pemasaran III adalah Rp 9.024/Kg. Margin pemasaran dari saluran pemasaran IV adalah Rp 14.024/Kg. Saluran pemasaran I, II, dan III berada pada kategori efisien dengan nilai persentase margin berada diantara 0 â€“ 33%, sedangkan saluran pemasaran IV berada pada kategori kurang efisien dengan nilai persentase margin berada diantara 34 â€“ 67%.
Analisis Kelayakan Finansial Usaha Pembesaran Kepiting Bakau (Scylla serrata) (Studi Kasus: Di Tambak Kepiting Bakau Ibu Taiman Desa Alue Sentang, Kecamatan Manyak Payed, Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang)
Authors: Basriwijaya Kiagus Muhammad Zain , Dewi Ismala , Hanisah Hanisah
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan guna â€œmenganalisis Kelayakan Finansial Usaha Pembesaran Kepiting Bakau (Scylla serrata) (Studi Kasus: Di Tambak Kepiting Bakau Ibu Taiman Desa Alue Sentang, Kecamatan Manyak Payed, Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang)â€ Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah Ibu Taiman sebagai pemilik dan pengelola usaha Pembesaran Kepiting Bakau (Scylla serrata). Analisis yang dihitung yaitu Biaya Produksi, Penerimaan, Keuntungan, R/C Ratio (Revenue Cost Ratio), ROI (Return On Investment) BEP (Break Event Point). Perolehan penelitian ini antaranya; 1) Biaya Investasi senilai Rp. 65.280.000. Total biaya produksi senilai Rp.75.053.250. Total penerimaan senilai Rp. 166.435.000/tahun; Keuntungan senilai Rp 91.318.750. R/C Ratio (Revenue Cost Ratio) senilai 2,2 lebih besar dari 1; - ROI (Return On Investment) senilai 40 % > 0%. BEP Produksi ialah 337 kg; - Dan BEP harga adalah Rp. 84.235. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan Usaha Pembesaran Kepiting Bakau (Scylla serrata) Sistem tradisional di Tambak Ibu Taiman. Desa Alue Sentang, Kecamatan Manyak Payed, Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang adalah layak untuk dijalankan karena menguntungkan untuk Ibu Taiman.
Pengaruh Pupuk Bokashi Kotoran Kambing Terhadap C-Organik Dan Unsur Hara Makro Primer Tanah Merah
Authors: Karepi Kahendu Trisno , Jawang Uska Peku
Published: January 2025

Sifat kimia tanah merupakan sifat yang sangat berpengaruh langsung terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman dalam penyedian unsur hara. Ketersedian hara dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman, kekurangan hara menjadi perhatian dalam budidaya tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh bokashi kotoran kambing terhadap sifat c-organik dan unsur hara makro primer tanah merah. Rancangan perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Terdapat 4 perlakuan yaitu kontrol, 5 ton/ha, 10 ton/ha, 15 ton/ha, perlakuan tersebut di ulang 4 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bokashi kotoran kambing sangat berpengaruh terhadap sifat c-organik, N, P, dan K. Semakin tinggi dosis yang diberikan maka unsur tersebut semakin tinggi. Nilai rata-rata tertinggi dari sifat c-organik, N, P, dan K pada pemberian bokashi 15 ton/ha.
Κατευθυντήριες Γραμμές για τη Διακυβέρνηση των Ψηφιακών Πλατφορμών: Διασφαλίζοντας την ελευθερία της έκφρασης και την πρόσβαση στην πληροφόρηση μέσω μιας πολυμερούς προσέγγισης
Authors:   UNESCO
Published: January 2025

Drafted through extensive consultations, these Guidelines aim to safeguard the right to freedom of expression and access to information in the context of the governance of digital platforms. They present a multistakeholder approach outlining key responsibilities for States and digital platforms to fulfill their human rights obligations and define roles for intergovernmental organizations, civil society, media, academia, the technical community, and other stakeholders.