bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mathematics Education and Language Diversity: A Dialogue Across Settings
Authors: Phakeng Mamokgethi Setati , Moschkovich Judit N.
Published: January 2013

This article shares the authors' views on language-diversity issues in research in mathematics education. Described are tensions, questions, and myths that they have regularly faced as researchers. They use similarities and differences in two settings (multilingual classrooms in South Africa and U.S. mathematics classrooms with Latino/a students) to illustrate the complexity of this work and illuminate research findings.
Learning to Teach Mathematics for Social Justice: Negotiating Social Justice and Mathematical Goals
Authors: Bartell Tonya Gau
Published: January 2013

This article describes teachers' collective work aimed at learning to teach mathematics for social justice. A situated, sociocultural perspective of learning guides this examination of teachers' negotiation of mathematical goals and social justice goals as they developed, implemented, and revised lessons for social justice. Teacher interviews, discussions, lessons, and written reflections were analyzed using grounded theory methodology, and teachers' conversations were examined concerning the relationship between mathematical goals and social justice goals. Analysis revealed that early tensions arose around balancing these goals, that teachers focused more attention on the social justice component, and that the instantiation of these goals in practice proved difficult. Variables that afford or constrain teachers' roles as social justice educators are discussed, and implications for teacher professional development are suggested.
Race, Racial Projects, and Mathematics Education
Authors: Martin Danny Bernard
Published: January 2013

Critical scholars have argued that mathematics education is in danger of becoming increasingly influenced by and aligned with neoliberal and neoconservative market-focused projects. Although this larger argument is powerful, there are often 2 peculiar responses to issues of race and racism within these analyses. These responses are characterized by what the author sees as an unfortunate backgrounding of these issues in some analyses or a conceptually flawed foregrounding in others. These responses obscure the evidence that, beyond being aligned with the market-oriented goals of these projects, mathematics education has also been aligned with their prevailing racial agendas.
A Quantitative Analysis of Firewall Impact on Critical Data Communication
Authors: Minhaj Ahmad Khan
Published: January 2013

Multimedia communication is considered to engulf the entire transmission taking place through internet. Most of the applications running on clients communicating through internet incorporate video or audio data transmission. Such transmission may however hinder the performance of other critical applications running on the network. For instance, the clients connecting to a database may suffer large delays if the network bandwidth is being utilized for multimedia communication. In this regards, a firewall may be used to block the non-critical and unnecessary communication.In this paper, we perform a quantitative analysis to record the impact of a firewall deployed in a network. We develop various network scenarios with voice and video data being transmitted in parallel with queries from a database client. As the database application is critical for its clients, the unnecessary communication causing the wastage of bandwidth is blocked through a firewall. We record the improvement in the performance of the database application due to the usage of firewall. We simulate all the scenarios using OPNET IT Guru v 9.1. Our results show that due to the blocking of video transmission, there is a significant improvement in performance of the database application. We also find that the use of a firewall has an overhead that depends mainly on the amount of communication taking place simultaneously and can also impact the performance of the critical application.
Rationales and Instruments for Public Innovation Policies
Authors: Takalo Tuomas
Published: January 2013

Abstract: Economic interest in innovation policy largely arises from the fundamental importance of innovation to social welfare and from inefficiencies in innovation in a competitive market environment. As a result, a wide variety of public innovation policies are used in practice. This study reviews the economic justifications for public innovation policies and compares the existing policy tools, paying particular attention to the Finnish innovation policy environment.
Political Influence on German Banking Supervision and Its Impact on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Survey Data
Authors: Jovanovic Mario
Published: January 2013

Abstract: Based on survey data, this paper investigates the impact of politically dependent banking supervision on the perception of financial uncertainty. There is empirical evidence that political influence has only marginal influence on the level of financial uncertainty. Introducing the unobservable construct "fundamental uncertainty", which is motivated by the implicit association test of Greenwald, McGhee, and Schwartz (1998), politically dependent supervision leads to financial expectations, which are influenced by economic policy. Therefore, only dependent banking supervision implements a link between political decisions and fundamental uncertainty and, finally, economic growth.
Spindle Whorls from El Palmillo: Economic Implications
Authors: Carpenter Lacey B. , Feinman Gary M. , Nicholas Linda M.
Published: January 2013

We analyze household inventories from eight excavated residences at El Palmillo (Oaxaca, Mexico) with a focus on a large sample of spindle whorls. Measurement of the whorls provides a basis to suggest that a variety of fibers were spun in these Classic period households; however, the particular mix of fibers varied in each residence. The distribution of whorls by size and production technique was compared with the spatial patterning of other tool classes related to cloth production to illustrate that each household participated with differing intensity in the various steps of the cloth-making process while also being involved in other economic pursuits. The domestic multicrafting, along with the clear procurement of domestic goods through intra- and extracommunity transfers, is indicative of economic practices that incorporate both interdependence and flexibility to operate in a socioeconomic setting prone to fluctuations in both demand and climatic conditions such as those found in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. The model generated from this bottom-up analysis illustrates the limitation of the command-oriented models of the prehispanic Mesoamerican economy and sheds new light on craft specialization and economic strategies that vary not only between elite and nonelite families but among commoner households as well.
Human Sacrifice During the Epiclassic Period in the Northern Basin of Mexico
Authors: Morehart Christopher T. , Peñaloza Abigail Meza , Sánchez Carlos Serrano , Tapia Emily McClung de , Morales Emilio Ibarra
Published: January 2013

This article examines changes in ritual practices during the Epiclassic period in central Mexico. It presents data recovered from recent excavations of a shrine discovered in Lake Xaltocan in the northern Basin of Mexico. Pottery and AMS dates place the construction and use of the shrine in the Epiclassic period. The shrine was first built during or soon after the collapse of the Teotihuacan state. With the decline of Teotihuacan and the emergence of competing centers, ritual practitioners began human sacrifice: the remains of over 30 individuals were documented, including 13 complete severed crania. This practice suggests conflict as the political landscape became decentralized. Despite how broader processes may have affected behavior, the shrine, ritual practice was fundamentally local. We present archaeobotanical evidence of offerings of food, incense, and flowers that elucidates the microlevel nature of ritual at the shrine.
Disease, Demography, and Diet in Early Colonial New Spain: Investigation of a Sixteenth-Century Mixtec Cemetery at Teposcolula Yucundaa
Authors: Warinner Christina , García Nelly Robles , Spores Ronald , Tuross Noreen
Published: January 2013

A mid-sixteenth-century cemetery was investigated at the colonial Mixtec site of Teposcolula Yucundaa and is shown to be related to the cocoliztli pandemic of 1544–1550. This is the earliest colonial epidemic cemetery to be identified in Mexico. Through archaeogenetic and oxygen stable isotope analysis it is demonstrated that the interred individuals were local Mixtecs, and mortuary analysis sheds light on both Christian and traditional religious practices at the site. Mitochondrial haplogroup frequencies support long-term genetic continuity in the region, and carbon stable isotopes of bone collagen and enamel carbonates suggest no decrease in maize consumption during the early colonial period, despite historical evidence for a changing agricultural economy and increased wheat production at the site. The Teposcolula cemetery provides a rich and complex perspective on early colonial life in the Mixteca Alta and reaffirms the importance of archaeological and bioarchaeological evidence in investigating complex social and biological processes of the past.
Regional Variation in the Importance and uses of Maize in the Early and Middle Formative Olmec Heartland: New Archaeobotanical Data from the San Carlos Homestead, Southern Veracruz
Authors: VanDerwarker Amber M. , Kruger Robert P.
Published: January 2013

This article presents an archaeobotanical analysis from the site of San Carlos, a small Early/Middle Formative period homestead situated in the Coatzacoalcos River basin in the southern Veracruz lowlands, approximately 9 km southeast of San Lorenzo. Although archaeobotanical data from the Olmec heartland have become more widely reported in recent years, we still lack sufficient data to capture regional and temporal variation in plant foodways. Thus, we report the macrobotanical data from San Carlos and provide a quantitative comparison with existing data sets from other southern Veracruz sites with Early and Middle Formative components (La Joya and Tres Zapotes). Comparative analysis reveals that these three sites vary dramatically in terms of the ubiquity and abundance of maize, in addition to the frequencies of different fruit types. We interpret these differences in terms of (1) settlement location with respect to geographical positioning in terms of access to riverine wetlands and their resources and (2) their association with areas of developing sociopolitical power structures.
Lagoa Santa Revisited: An Overview of the Chronology, Subsistence, and Material Culture of Paleoindian Sites in Eastern Central Brazil
Authors: Araujo Astolfo G. M. , Neves Walter A. , Kipnis Renato
Published: January 2013

Lagoa Santa, a karstic area in eastern Central Brazil, has been subject to research on human paleontology and archaeology for 175 years. Almost 300 Paleoindian human skeletons have been found since Danish naturalist Peter Lund’s pioneering work. Even so, some critical issues such as the role of rockshelters in settlement systems, and the possible paleoclimatic implications of the peopling of the region have yet to be addressed. We present some results obtained from recent excavations at four rockshelters and two open-air sites, new dates for human Paleoindian skeletons, and a model to explain the cultural patterns observed so far. It is also argued that the Paleoindian subsistence system at Lagoa Santa was similar to other locations in South America: generalized small-game hunting complemented by fruits, seed, and root gathering.
Geometric Earthworks in the State of Acre, Brazil: Excavations at the Fazenda Atlântica and Quinauá Sites
Authors: Saunaluoma Sanna
Published: January 2013

Geometric earthworks located in the interfluvial zone of the Upper Purús and Madeira river tributaries in the southwestern Amazon are formed by ditches of varying shapes and sizes along with contiguous exterior embankments and roads terraced with low backfill banks. The earthworks in the Brazilian state of Acre were used from 1200 B.C. to the fourteenth century A.D., indicating a continuous, collective cultural institution, a generalized regional phenomenon characterized by local variants and alterations and probably not exclusively restricted to a specified ethnic group. The carefully planned position of the earthworks in the landscape and the recurring geometric forms represented in this earthwork architecture suggest functions that were part of a tradition of shared ideology related to rituals and/or the sociopolitical activities of ancient Amazonian peoples. Recent archaeological fieldwork on two composite earthwork sites, Fazenda Atlântica and Quinauá, situated in the core location of the geometric earthworks, provides further evidence for the predominantly ceremonial use of these constructions.
Tzinacamoztoc, Possible use of A Lava Tube as a Zenithal Observatory Near Cantona Archaeological Site, Puebla, Mexico
Authors: Espinasa-Pereña Ramón , Diamant Ruth
Published: January 2013

An artificial structure was discovered under a natural skylight inside Grutas de Tzinacamóztoc, in the vicinity of the archaeological site of Cantona. The structure is made up of piled rocks, defining a pentagonal enclosure with a central mound. Detailed measurements and computer modeling allowed tracing of the sunbeam path projected on the structure and on the cave floor, particularly for dates of astronomical and/or Mesoamerican calendrical importance. This corroborates the possible prehispanic use of this site as a complex and sophisticated gnomon.
A Clinical Study of Shrinking Field Radiation Therapy Based on 18F-FDG PET/CT for Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ding Xiuping , Li Hongsheng , Wang Zhongtang , Huang Wei , Li Baosheng , Zang Rukun , Sun Hongfu , Yi Yan
Published: January 2013

The aim is to investigate the feasibility of shrinking field technique after 40 Gy for stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) during radiation therapy. Eighty-seven consecutive patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy or three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy were enrolled in this study. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) scanning was performed prior to treatment and repeated after 40 Gy, and the delineation of target volume was based on fused images of PET and CT. After 40 Gy of conventional fractionated radiotherapy to the initial planning target volume (PTV), a boost of 19.6–39.2 Gy was delivered to the shrunken PTV through late course accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy, and the median total dose was 66.0 Gy (range, 59.6–79.2 Gy). Gross tumor volume (GTV) and PTV regressions were recorded, and prescription doses with or without shrinking field were calculated. Local recurrence patterns were investigated through follow-up. The tumor volumes regressed in 84 (96.6%) patients and increased in 3 (3.4%) patients after 40 Gy. The mean GTV and PTV reduction was 38% (range, −13–95%) and 30% (range, −5–95%). Mean total prescription dose escalated from 62.0 Gy to 68.5 Gy through shrinking field technique. The median follow-up was 17 months, ranging from 5 to 46 months, and the 1- and 2-year overall survival rates in our study were 74.7% and 34.6%. The response rate was 79.5%, and radiation toxicity was acceptable. Tumor progression occurred in 67.8% (59/87) patients. Numbers of patients who had outfield, infield and both infield and outfield recurrences were 3 (3.4%), 26 (29.5%), and 3 (3.4%), respectively. In conclusion, significant tumor regression was observed after 40 Gy, and radiation dose escalated after shrinking field with acceptable toxicity and outfield relapse. Shrinking field radiotherapy based on 18F-FDG PET/CT after 40 Gy was safe and feasible for stage III NSCLC.
Increasing research capacity in the chiropractic profession: A case study and evaluation of an innovative research program in Norway
Authors: Lothe Lise R. , Bolton Jennifer E.
Published: January 2013

Objective

The subject of research methods is not commonly covered in continuing professional development (CPD) courses in spite of its emphasis in undergraduate education. This initiative aimed to develop postgraduate research competency and recruit chiropractors to musculoskeletal research.

Methods

The program was delivered as a university-based program with 20 credits over seven contact weekends covering topics of evidence-based practice, research methods, statistics, ethics, resources, and funding. Students were assessed through assignments showing competency in critical literature review, case report writing, and production of a research protocol as the final assessment. Non-student participation for CPD points was possible. A student evaluation survey was completed after the end of the academic year.

Results

There were 26 participants: 16 as students handing in assignments, 10 as non-student participants for up to 94 CPD points. Three submitted a final protocol and two registered at a university PhD program. A network of research clinics was established for data collection for future multicenter studies.

Conclusions

The program was well received by the participants and gave them the tools and resources to perform research. The two-level attendance system afforded a basis for setting up a network of research clinics with a fundamental understanding of optimal data collection. This initiative has shown that research skills can be revisited through CPD programs as part of evidence-based lifelong learning.
Learning and Study Strategies Inventory subtests and factors as predictors of National Board of Chiropractic Examiners Part 1 examination performance
Authors: Schutz Christine M. , Dalton Leanne , Tepe Rodger E.
Published: January 2013

Objective

This study was designed to extend research on the relationship between chiropractic students' learning and study strategies and national board examination performance.

Methods

Sixty-nine first trimester chiropractic students self-administered the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI). Linear trends tests (for continuous variables) and Mantel-Haenszel trend tests (for categorical variables) were utilized to determine if the 10 LASSI subtests and 3 factors predicted low, medium and high levels of National Board of Chiropractic Examiners (NBCE) Part 1 scores. Multiple regression was performed to predict overall mean NBCE examination scores using the 3 LASSI factors as predictor variables.

Results

Four LASSI subtests (Anxiety, Concentration, Selecting Main Ideas, Test Strategies) and one factor (Goal Orientation) were significantly associated with NBCE examination levels. One factor (Goal Orientation) was a significant predictor of overall mean NBCE examination performance.

Conclusions

Learning and study strategies are predictive of NBCE Part 1 examination performance in chiropractic students. The current study found LASSI subtests Anxiety, Concentration, Selecting Main Ideas, and Test Strategies, and the Goal-Orientation factor to be significant predictors of NBCE scores. The LASSI may be useful to educators in preparing students for academic success. Further research is warranted to explore the effects of learning and study strategies training on GPA and NBCE performance.
Detecting the Signatures of Adaptive Evolution in Protein‐Coding Genes
Authors: Bielawski Joseph P.
Published: January 2013

The field of molecular evolution, which includes genome evolution, is devoted to finding variation within and between groups of organisms and explaining the processes responsible for generating this variation. Many DNA changes are believed to have little to no functional effect, and a neutral process will best explain their evolution. Thus, a central task is to discover which changes had positive fitness consequences and were subject to Darwinian natural selection during the course of evolution. Due the size and complexity of modern molecular datasets, the field has come to rely extensively on statistical modeling techniques to meet this analytical challenge. For DNA sequences that encode proteins, one of the most powerful approaches is to employ a statistical model of codon evolution. This unit provides a general introduction to the practice of modeling codon evolution using the statistical framework of maximum likelihood. Four real‐data analysis activities are used to illustrate the principles of parameter estimation, robustness, hypothesis testing, and site classification. Each activity includes an explicit analytical protocol based on programs provided by the Phylogenetic Analysis by Maximum Likelihood (PAML) package.Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 101:19.1.1–19.1.21. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Composite energy function‐based iterative learning control for systems with nonparametric uncertainties
Authors: Xu Jian‐Xin , Jin Xu , Huang Deqing
Published: January 2013

In this work, we propose new iterative learning control (ILC) schemes that deal with nonlinear multi‐input multi‐output systems under alignment condition with nonparametric uncertainties. A major contribution of this work is to remove the classical resetting condition. Another major contribution of this work is to deal with norm‐bounded nonlinear uncertainties that satisfy local Lipschitz condition, in particular to deal with nonlinear uncertain state‐dependent input gain matrix that could be non‐square left invertible and local Lipschitzian. Two types of composite energy function are proposed to facilitate the ILC design and property analysis. Through rigorous analysis, we show that the new ILC schemes proposed warrant the asymptotical tracking convergence of system states. In the end, an illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed ILC scheme. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly Stereoselective Syntheses of All 1,2,3‐Me,OH,Me Triads via Asymmetric Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Zhu Ye , Burgess Kevin
Published: January 2013

Iridium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenations of chiral alkenes were used to access four pivotal α,ω‐functionalized chirons, that contain widely occurring stereochemical 1,2,3‐Me,OH,Me motifs. A chiral analogue of Crabtree’s catalyst was used in key hydrogenation steps to form these motifs with high stereochemical purities. An application of one of these chirons is illustrated here with a synthesis of (−)‐invictolide.
Dietary vitamin A intake below the recommended daily intake during pregnancy and the risk of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in the offspring
Authors: Beurskens Leonardus W. J. E. , Schrijver Lieske H. , Tibboel Dick , Wildhagen Mark F. , Knapen Maarten F. C. M. , Lindemans Jan , de Vries Jeanne , Steegers‐Theunissen Régine P. M.
Published: January 2013

BACKGROUND

Vitamin A has been related to the etiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). We performed a case‐control study to investigate whether maternal dietary vitamin A intake is related to CDH in the offspring.

METHODS

Thirty‐one pregnancies diagnosed with CDH and 46 control pregnancies were included during the study. After CDH diagnosis and inclusion of controls by risk set sampling, maternal vitamin A intake was investigated with a food frequency questionnaire. Serum retinol and retinol‐binding protein were determined. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate risk estimates with adjustment for potential confounders.

RESULTS

We found no significant differences in the overall nutrient and vitamin A intake between case and control mothers. After stratification in body mass index (BMI) categories, case mothers with normal weight showed a lower energy adjusted vitamin A intake (685 vs. 843 μg retinol activity equivalents [RAEs] / day; p = 0.04) and a slightly lower serum retinol (1.58 vs. 1.67 μmol/L; p = 0.08) than control mothers. Vitamin A intake <800 μg retinol activity equivalents (recommended daily intake) in normal weight mothers was associated with a significantly increased CDH risk (odds ratio [OR], 7.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5–34.4; p = 0.01). Associations were not significantly different in underweight and overweight mothers.

CONCLUSIONS

In normal‐weight mothers, dietary vitamin A intake during pregnancy below the recommended daily intake is significantly associated with an increased risk of a child with CDH. This finding supports the retinoid hypothesis in human CDH, but warrants further investigation in larger study populations. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Indications for treatment of recurrent carotid stenosis
Authors: Bekelis K , Moses Z , Missios S , Desai A , Labropoulos N
Published: January 2013

Background

There is significant variation in the indications for intervention in patients with recurrent carotid artery stenosis. The aim of the present study was to describe these indications in a contemporary cohort of patients.

Methods

This was a systematic review of all peer-reviewed studies reporting on the indications for carotid intervention in patients with recurrent stenosis after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS) that were published between 1990 and 2012.

Results

There were 50 studies reporting on a total of 3524 patients undergoing a carotid procedure; of these, 3478 underwent CEA as the initial intervention. Reintervention was by CEA in 2403 patients and by CAS in 1121. Only 54·7 per cent of the patients were treated for any symptoms and, importantly, just 444 (23·1 per cent of 1926 symptomatic patients) underwent intervention for documented ipsilateral symptoms. None of the studies reported whether the patients were evaluated for other sources of emboli. The remaining 45·3 per cent of patients had asymptomatic restenosis and in the majority of the studies were treated when the degree of stenosis exceeded 80 per cent. The time to repeat intervention was significantly longer in patients with recurrent atherosclerosis, in asymptomatic patients and in patients undergoing CEA.

Conclusion

The reported criteria for retreatment of carotid stenosis were not rigorous and there is still significant ambiguity surrounding the indications for intervention.
Bisebromoamide, an extract from Lyngbya species, induces apoptosis through ERK and mTOR inhibitions in renal cancer cells
Authors: Suzuki Kenjiro , Mizuno Ryuichi , Suenaga Kiyotake , Teruya Toshiaki , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Kosaka Takeo , Oya Mototsugu
Published: January 2013

Advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains an incurable disease, and newer anticancer drugs are needed. Bisebromoamide, a novel cytotoxic peptide, was isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya species at our laboratory in 2009. This compound specifically inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK in platelet‐derived growth factor‐activated normal rat kidney cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect and elucidate the potential mechanism of Bisebromoamide actions on human RCC cells. Two renal cancer cell lines, 769‐P and 786‐O, were used. The effects of Bisebromoamide were analyzed employing assays for water‐soluble Tetrazolium‐1 salts. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometric TUNEL analysis. Cell‐cycle distributions were analyzed by flow cytometry using BrdU/propidium iodide (PI) staining. Kinases of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and Raf/MEK/ERK pathway were analyzed by Western blotting. After Bisebromoamide treatment for 48 and 72 h, cell viability was significantly decreased in both cell lines at 1 and 10 μmol/L. After treatment with 1 μmol/L Bisebromoamide for 72 h, apoptosis and the increased percentage of cells in the sub‐G1 phase were observed in both cell lines. Bisebromoamide inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and Akt in both cell lines tested. Similar effects were demonstrated for phosphorylation of mTOR and p70 S6. Bisebromoamide is a promising potential agent against RCC due to its ability to inhibit both the Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetragonal Allotrope of Group 14 Elements.
Authors: Tian Yongjun , et al. et al.
Published: January 2013

A tetragonal (12 atoms/cell) sp3 bonded structure for C, Si, and Ge is predicted using a particle swarm structural search based on density functional theory.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni2Sn2Zn from Single‐Crystal X‐Ray Diffraction.
Authors: Schmetterer Clemens , Rajamohan Divakar , Effenberger Herta Silvia , Flandorfer Hans
Published: January 2013

The title compound crystallizes in the cubic space group Pm$\bar 3$m with Z = 8.
ChemInform Abstract: Halide Ordering in Reduced Mixed Halides, Chlorides/Iodides, of Zirconium: Syntheses and Structures of Cs2[(Zr6B)(Cl,I)15] Cluster Compounds.
Authors: Pigorsch Arne , Koeckerling Martin
Published: January 2013

The title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of appropriate amounts of Zr, ZrCl4, ZrI4, CsCl, and elemental boron (Ta containers, 800 °C, 5 weeks).
ChemInform Abstract: Tuning Sub‐10 nm Single‐Phase NaMnF3 Nanocrystals as Ultrasensitive Hosts for Pure Intense Fluorescence and Excellent T1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Authors: Zhang Yan , Lin Jing Dong , Vijayaragavan Vimalan , Bhakoo Kishore K. , Tan Timothy Thatt Yang
Published: January 2013

NaMnF3 nanocrystals codoped with either Yb3+/Er3+ or Yb3+/Tm3+ are prepared by injection of a methanolic NaF solution into a mixture of MnCl2, Yb(NO3)3 and Er(NO3)3 or Tm(NO3)3, 1‐octadecene, and oleic acid (N2, 300 °C, 45 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Enhanced Performance of NaTaO3 Using Molecular Co‐Catalyst [Mo3S4]4+ for Water Splitting into H2 and O2.
Authors: Seo Se Won , Park Sangbaek , Jeong Hui‐Yun , Kim Sang Hyeon , Sim Uk , Lee Chan Woo , Nam Ki Tae , Hong Kug Sun
Published: January 2013

The photocatalytic activity of NaTaO3 for water splitting into H2 and O2 is significantly improved by using the molecular co‐catalyst [Mo3S4(OH2)9]Cl4 (synthesized by reduction of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate with sodium borohydride).
ChemInform Abstract: On the Nature of Ge—Pb Bonding in the Solid State. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Electronic Structures of Two Unprecedented Germanide‐Plumbides.
Authors: Suen Nian‐Tzu , Hooper James , Zurek Eva , Bobev Svilen
Published: January 2013

Eu1.32Ca0.68Ge2Pb (I) and Sr0.42Eu1.58Ge2Pb (II) are synthesized from mixtures of the elements by Pb flux reactions (800 °C, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual Chain Structure of Decavanadates V10O28 Linked by Zn(en)2 Units.
Authors: Pang Haijun , Meng Xin , Ma Huiyuan , Liu Bo , Li Shaobin
Published: January 2013

[Zn(en)2]3 [V10O28]·5H2O is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of ZnSO4, NH4VO3, en, and H2O in a molar ratio of 1:4.1:2.1:500 (autoclave, 180 °C, 4 d, 33% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Incorporation of Neptunium(VI) into a Uranyl Selenite.
Authors: Meredith Nathan A. , Polinski Matthew J. , Lin Jian , Simonetti Antonio , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E.
Published: January 2013

NpVI is incorporated into compound (IV) with the highest level of Np uptake (12% substitution of NpVI for UVI) observed for an uranyl compound so far.
ChemInform Abstract: Ba2Ti2Fe2As4O: A New Superconductor Containing Fe2As2 Layers and Ti2O Sheets.
Authors: Cao Guang‐Han , et al. et al.
Published: January 2013

The title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Ba, Ti, Fe, As, and TiO2 (alumina tube, 1173 K for 24 h, sintering at 1373 K for 40 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The Neat Ternary Solid K5‐xCo1‐xSn9 with Endohedral [Co@Sn9]5‐ Cluster Units: A Precursor for Soluble Intermetalloid [Co2@Sn17]5‐ Clusters.
Authors: Hlukhyy Viktor , He Haiyan , Jantke Laura‐Alice , Faessler Thomas F.
Published: January 2013

Crystal structures of compounds (IV) and (V) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: A New 1D Polyoxovanadate [Cu(en)2V10O28] [Cu(en)2(H2O)] 2·2H3BO3·2H2O Containing the Rarely Non‐condensed Boric Acid.
Authors: An Litao , Liu Xing , Zhou Jian , Hu Feilong , Zhu Liuliu
Published: January 2013

The title compound is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of NH4VO3, CuCl2, H3BO3, en, and H2O (autoclave, 110 °C, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Catalyst Promotes Highly Enantioselective Bromolactonizations to Generate Stereogenic C—Br Bonds.
Authors: Paull Daniel H. , Fang Chao , Donald James R. , Pansick Andrew D. , Martin Stephen F.
Published: January 2013

The nouvel bifunctional BINOL derived title catalyst promotes, like some other known catalysts, not only the highly enantioselective bromolactonization of 4‐ and 5‐arylpentenoic acids (III) and (V), but it also catalyzes the bromolactonization of 5‐alkyl‐4(Z)‐pentenoic acids (I) via 5‐exo mode cyclizations.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxathiane and Morpholine from Acyclic Precursors: A Modified Mitsunobu Reaction.
Authors: Paul Nidhin , Kaladevi Selvam , Beneto Arockiam Jesin , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam , Bhuvanesh Nattamai
Published: January 2013

Various isomeric diaryloxathianes (II) and (III) as well as triarylmorpholines (IV) and (V) from the corresponding are synthesized from the corresponding diols employed as diastereomeric mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfamic Acid‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides and Sulfones Using H2O2: Green and Chemoselective Method.
Authors: Jafari Hadi , Rostami Amin , Ahmad‐Jangi Firoz , Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash
Published: January 2013

The oxidation of sulfides (I) to sulfoxides (II) and sulfones (III), resp., in the presence of sulfamic acid as inexpensive and metall‐free catalyst is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Fluoro Amides Using Partially Hydrated Nickel Difluoride as Fluorine Source.
Authors: Zhang Wan Xuan , Su Li , Hu Wei Gang , Zhou Jie
Published: January 2013

Treatment of activated aziridines with partially hydrated nickel difluoride (obtained by treating NiF2.4H2O in vacuum at 120°C) in the presence of tetra‐butylammonium fluoride leads to formation of β‐fluoro amides in moderate to good yield.
ChemInform Abstract: The Effect of Benzyl Amine on the Efficiency of the Base‐Catalyzed Transamination of α‐Keto Esters.
Authors: Xue Fazhen , Xiao Xiao , Wang Haining , Shi Yian
Published: January 2013

Transamination of α‐keto esters efficiently proceeds in the presence of a benzyl amine and triethylamine as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Cyclodextrin‐Mediated Acetic Acid Catalyzed Diastereoselective Mannich Reaction in Water.
Authors: Sukumari Subbiah , Azath Ismail Abulkalam , Pitchumani Kasi
Published: January 2013

The title reaction occurs in a syn‐selective fashion when propiophenone(III) is utilized as the ketone moiety, and in an anti selective manner when cyclohexanone (III) is utilized.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Nonactivated Secondary Alkyl Halides and Tosylates with Secondary Alkyl Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Yang Chu‐Ting , Zhang Zhen‐Qi , Liang Jun , Liu Jing‐Hui , Lu Xiao‐Yu , Chen Huan‐Huan , Liu Lei
Published: January 2013

A general approach is given for the cross coupling reaction of secondary tosylates and bromides with secondary alcohols [→ (III), (V), (VIIb)].
ChemInform Abstract: Bicatalytic Allylation—Cross‐Methathesis Reactions as γ‐Carbonyl Cation Equivalents.
Authors: Henkie Jake R. , Dhaliwal Sugadar , Green James R.
Published: January 2013

This one‐pot, bicatalytic indium(III) allylation‐cross metathesis protocol may be responsible for the formation of products corresponding to the reaction of γ‐carbonyl cations with arene nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Oxidative Dimerization of Alcohols to Esters.
Authors: Abramovich Adi , Toledo Hila , Pisarevsky Evgeni , Szpilman Alex M.
Published: January 2013

The process is generally efficient under conditions A), where for the diols (V) formation of lactones is observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese Oxide Promoted Liquid‐Phase Aerobic Oxidative Amidation of Methylarenes to Monoamides Using Ammonia Surrogates.
Authors: Wang Ye , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: January 2013

A wide range of methylarenes and methylheteroarenes are selectively converted into the corresponding primary monoamides and nitriles even in the case of methylarenes bearing two or more methyl groups.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Racemic 4‐Ethyl Fatty Acids.
Authors: Liu Yu‐ping , Guan Wei , Yin De‐Cai , Tian Hong‐Yu , Sun Bao‐guo
Published: January 2013

The title compounds (IV) are synthesized based on the coupling of the Grignard reagent, generated in situ from 3‐chloroalkanes (I) with 3‐bromopropionate (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Practical Synthesis of Ethyl (R)‐(‐)‐4‐Cyano‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (VII) from (S)‐3‐Chloro‐1,2‐propanediol (I).
Authors: Jiang Chengjun , Hong Huabin
Published: January 2013

The new protocol demonstrates a potential utilization of (I), which is the main by‐product in the production of (R)‐epichlorohydrin, as starting material for building a key intermediate (VII) of atorvastatin.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Isocyanopermethylbutane‐1,1,3‐triol (IPB): A Convertible Isonitrile for Multicomponent Reactions.
Authors: Neves Filho Ricardo A. W. , Stark Sebastian , Morejon Micjel C. , Westermann Bernhard , Wessjohann Ludger A.
Published: January 2013

The title compound (I) is efficiently employed in Ugi, Smiles, and Passerini multicomponent reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Tertiary Propargylic Centers and Their Isomerization to Enantiomerically Enriched Allenes.
Authors: Garcia Ruano Jose Luis , Marzo Leyre , Marcos Vanesa , Alvarado Cuauhtemoc , Aleman Jose
Published: January 2013

The allenes are prepared by reaction of enantiomerically pure sulfinylated lithium benzylcarbanions with terminal arylsulfonylacetylenes followed by deprotonation of the resulting sulfinylphenyl propargylic derivatives with LDA at the benzylic position.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Cyanation of Tertiary Amines with Ethyl Cyanoformate over a Niobia‐Supported Iron‐Exchanged Molybdophosphoric Acid Catalyst.
Authors: Rao Kasanneni Tirumala Venkateswara , Haribabu Bathula , Prasad Potharaju S. Sai , Lingaiah Nakka
Published: January 2013

A simple, reusable (four times), and highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst is used for the title reaction under mild and environmentally friendly conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Reduction of Secondary Amides to Secondary Amines and Imines by Diethylsilane.
Authors: Cheng Chen , Brookhart Maurice
Published: January 2013

A highly efficient, simple, and mild method for the synthesis of the title compounds, which tolerates many functional groups, is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthetic Route for 1,2‐Diketo Compounds Using Unexpected C—C Bond Cleavage by PCC.
Authors: Bhosale Shrikar M. , Momin Aadil A. , Gawade Rupesh L. , Piranik Vedavati G. , Kusurkar Radhika S.
Published: January 2013

Oxidative treatment of α‐hydroxy‐γ‐ketoesters with PCC results in efficient cleavage to give 1,2‐diones under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Amidation of Alcohols with N‐Substituted Formamides under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Xu Kun , Hu Yanbin , Zhang Sheng , Zha Zhenggen , Wang Zhiyong
Published: January 2013

Tertiary amides are derived from benzyl alcohols and formamides using tBuOOH as optimal oxidant in the presence of catalytic amounts of iodine and NaOH.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Cyanation of Arylboronic Acids Using DDQ as Cyanide Source.
Authors: Zhang Guangyou , Chen Shuyou , Fei Haiyang , Cheng Jiang , Chen Fan
Published: January 2013

In this unique process, the source of cyanide is DDQ (I).
ChemInform Abstract: A Palladium‐Catalyzed Reaction of Aryl Halides, Potassium Metabisulfite, and Hydrazines
Authors: Ye Shengqing , Wu Jie
Published: January 2013

leading to aryl N‐aminosulfonamides
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Trifluoromethylthiolations of Aryl Boronic Acids Using a Copper O2‐Based Protocol.
Authors: Zhang Cheng‐Pan , Vicic David A.
Published: January 2013

With the absence of any known procedure to form aryl trifluoromethyl sulfides directly from aryl chlorides, the present method can be carried out simply in the presence of air without the use of silver oxidants.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Biaryl Derivatives via a Magnetic Pd‐NPs‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Diazotization—Cross‐Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Zong Yan , Hu Jiefeng , Sun Peipei , Jiang Xiaoqing
Published: January 2013

The one‐pot diazotization‐cross coupling reaction of anilines (I) and arylboronic acids (II) affords the biaryls (III) in sufficient to high yields [with exception of (IIId)].
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Primary and Secondary Homoallylic Electrophiles.
Authors: Stokes Benjamin J. , Opra Susanne M. , Sigman Matthew S.
Published: January 2013

A general, simple, and mild title reaction is developed for a broad scope of substrates by using an easily prepared and air stable precatalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polysubstituted Naphthalenes by Iron‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Annulation of Grignard Reagents with Alkynes.
Authors: Ilies Laurean , Matsumoto Arimasa , Kobayashi Motoaki , Yoshikai Naohiko , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: January 2013

The iron‐catalyzed annulation reaction of internal alkynes with arylmagnesium compounds proceeds by C—H bond activation at low temperature under oxidative conditions to produce polysubstituted naphthalenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Sequential C—C Bond Formation and Cleavage: Evidence for an Unexpected Generation of Arylpalladium(II) Species.
Authors: Youn So Won , Kim Byung Seok , Jagdale Arun R.
Published: January 2013

A novel and concurrent preparation of 1‐naphthols through an uncovered unprecedented catalytic process is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,4‐Diaryl‐Substituted 2(5H)‐Furanone and Its Commercial Application.
Authors: Bahekar Rajesh , et al. et al.
Published: January 2013

An efficient one‐pot synthesis of title diarylfuranones (III) is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of AG‐041R by Using N‐Heteroarenesulfonyl Cinchona Alkaloid Amides as Organocatalysts.
Authors: Hara Noriyuki , Nakamura Shuichi , Sano Masahide , Tamura Ryota , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Shibata Norio
Published: January 2013

The gastrin/cholecyctokinin‐B receptor antagonist AG‐041R is prepared based on an organocatalytic asymmetric addition of malonic acid half‐thioesters to isatin derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic and Enantioselective α‐Functionalization of Oxindoles Through Oxidative Reactions with Naphthoquinones.
Authors: Siau Woon‐Yew , Li Wenjun , Xue Fei , Ren Qiao , Wu Minghu , Sun Shaofa , Guo Haibing , Jiang Xuefeng , Wang Jian
Published: January 2013

Optically active 3,3‐disubstituted oxindoles are obtained by a new organocatalyzed aerobic oxidative method.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Racemic and Chiral Carvedilol Starting from Corresponding 5‐(Chloromethyl)oxazolidin‐2‐one.
Authors: Kumar B. Anand , Babu K. Veera , Rao Rama Koteshwar , Srinivas Kumbam , Madhusudhan G. , Mukkanti K.
Published: January 2013

An improved synthesis of the non‐selective, β‐adrenergic receptor antagonist carvediol (VIII) which reduces significantly impurities, especially bis‐compounds, is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyranocarbazoles by Ethylenediamine Diacetate Catalyzed Domino Aldol‐Type Reaction/6π‐Electrocyclization of Hydroxycarbazoles to α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes and Conversion into Other Pyranocarbazoles.
Authors: Pandit Rameshwar Prasad , Lee Yong Rok
Published: January 2013

Biologically interesting title heterocycles are prepared under conditions A).
ChemInform Abstract: New Highly Soluble Dimedone‐Derived Iodonium Ylides: Preparation, X‐Ray Structure, and Reaction with Carbodiimide Leading to Oxazole Derivatives.
Authors: Zhu Chenjie , Yoshimura Akira , Solntsev Pavlo , Ji Lei , Wei Yunyang , Nemykin Victor N. , Zhdankin Viktor V.
Published: January 2013

The synthesis of new iodonium ylides derived from dimedone and bearing an ortho‐substituent in the phenyl ring is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Green Approaches for the Synthesis of 4H‐Benzo[g]chromenes in Water, under Neat Conditions, and Using Task‐Specific Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Khurana Jitender M. , Magoo Devanshi , Chaudhary Ankita
Published: January 2013

The reaction of hydroxynaphthoquinone (I) with aromatic aldehydes and CH‐acids is studied under environmentally benign conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Perchloric Acid‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 9‐Aryl Xanthenes‐9H‐3,6‐diol and 1,3,6,8‐Tetraol in Water.
Authors: Vidyasagar Nikhil , Nanda Rabindra , Mangal Rajesh , Kathiravan Muthu K.
Published: January 2013

Perchloric acid can effectively catalyze the condensation reaction between phenols and aldehydes to afford functionalized xanthenes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Azabipyridine and Azaterpyridine Building Blocks for Multitopic Binding.
Authors: De Soumen , Pramanik Susnata , Schmittel Michael
Published: January 2013

The synthesis of new ligands employs a series of Suzuki coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: An Organocatalytic Cascade Approach Toward Polysubstituted Quinolines and Chiral 1,4‐Dihydroquinolines — Unanticipated Effect of N‐Protecting Groups.
Authors: Zhang Xinshuai , Song Xixi , Li Hao , Zhang Shilei , Chen Xiaobei , Yu Xinhong , Wang Wei
Published: January 2013

The outcome of the aza‐Michael/aldol cascade reaction of 2‐aminobenzaldehydes or the corresponding ketones with ynals depends on the choice of the N‐protecting group.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Solvent Method for the Synthesis of N‐Substituted and N‐,4‐Disubstituted 1,8‐Naphthalimides under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Zhang Ye , Feng Shao‐Bo , Wang Kai , Yi Xiang‐Hui , Wang Heng‐Shan , Pan Ying‐Ming
Published: January 2013

Title compounds of type (III) or (V) are prepared by microwave assisted recyclization with amines (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 1H‐Pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐2(8aH)‐one Derivatives via Three‐Component Reaction under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Guo Hong‐Yun , Li Xiao‐Jun , Yu Yi
Published: January 2013

The catalyst can be reused several times with only slight decrease in activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Retro‐[1,4] Brook Rearrangement of 3‐Silyl Allyloxysilanes. Observation of the Formation of Unusual 3,3‐Bissilyl Enols.
Authors: Gan Zubao , Wu Ya , Gao Lu , Sun Xianwei , Lei Jian , Song Zhenlei , Li Linjie
Published: January 2013

Retro‐[1,4]‐Brook rearrangement of a wide variety of silyl allyloxysilanes is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Conversion of N‐Terminal of L‐Tyrosine, DL‐Phenyl Alanine, and Glycine to Substituted 2‐Thioxo‐thiazolidine‐4‐ones: A Stereospecific Synthesis.
Authors: Kumar B. R. Prashantha , Basu Prabudha , Adhikary L. , Nanjan M. J.
Published: January 2013

The functionalization of the N‐terminus of various amino acids with a thioxothiazolidinone ring proceeds with retention of the configuration at the stereocenter.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,4,6‐Trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine (TCT) Mediated One‐Pot Sequential Functionalization of Glycosides for the Generation of Orthogonally Protected Monosaccharide Building Blocks.
Authors: Tatina Madhubabu , Yousuf Syed Khalid , Mukherjee Debaraj
Published: January 2013

The advantages of the title reaction are a high regioselectivity, the use of a broad range of substrates and a mild, inexpensive, and nontoxic catalyst, functional‐group tolerance, mild reaction conditions, scalability (20 g), easy handling, and a wide application range.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Preparation of 5‐(α‐D‐Glucosyloxymethyl)furfural from Isomaltulose—Choline Chloride Melts.
Authors: Russ Carolin , Luff Claudia , Begli Alireza Haji , Koenig Burkhard
Published: January 2013

The title compound (II), a versatile building block from renewable resources, can be prepared in moderate yields from isomaltulose (I) in a choline chloride melt in the presence of acidic catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Aryl Modification in γ‐Lactam: Design and Synthesis of Novel Monocyclic γ‐Lactam Derivatives as Inhibitor for Bacterial Propagation.
Authors: Patra Prasanta , Kar Gandhi K. , Sarkar Aparna , Ray Jayanta K. , Dasgupta Tista , Ghosh Mahua , Bhattacharya Sugata
Published: January 2013

A series γ‐lactams of type (V), (VI), (VIII), (X), or (XI) are prepared.